bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’idée d’« individu pur » dans la pensée de Simondon
Authors: Duhem Ludovic
Published: June 2014

Le projet ontologique de Gilbert Simondon est de penser l’individu à travers l’individuation dans tous les domaines de réalité : physique, biologique, et psycho-social ou « transindividuel ». Il s’agit précisément pour lui de renverser le privilège ontologique accordé par la métaphysique à l’être sur le devenir, au résultat sur l’opération, à l’individu sur l’individuation, et d’en faire la condition de toute connaissance complète de la réalité. Or, l’idée d’individu pur, telle qu’elle est développée dans deux textes de L’individuation à la lumière des notions de forme et d’information, dans le domaine biologique et psycho-technique, semble contrarier le maintien de ce renversement en réintroduisant une forme de substantialisme. Cette difficulté portant Simondon à sa propre limite sera l’occasion d’examiner deux cas d’individuation et, à travers eux, la cohérence et la portée de sa pensée.
Concerts des Nations
Authors: Barbedette Sarah
Published: June 2014

Dans un regard porté simultanément sur la naissance du Domaine musical au sortir de la deuxième guerre mondiale, et sur celle du Concert spirituel peu après la mort de Louis XIV, on se demande à quel point ces entreprises de concerts publics réguliers gardent, par-delà les siècles, une essence commune.
Rethinking Radical Politics and Ethics
Authors: Huang Han-yu
Published: June 2014

Alain Badiou’s coming to the forefront of the academic debates on the ontological status of Being, political subjectivity, universality, and so on, deserves special attention in an age permeated by disillusionment, cynicism, apathy, or “announcements of ending”: summarily, the post-political age. This is also an age when “(hyper)connectivity” with and openness to the Other becomes the dominant currency but radical politics and ethics reach their deadlock, if not demise. Drawing on Badiou’s conceptions of subtraction, universal singularity, and the subject loyal to the truth procedure, my proposed paper will critically look at whether contemporary multiculturalism and “society of enjoyment” end up at nothing but relativist ideology, victimization of man, false image of satisfaction and transgression, and, hence, submission to the status quo more than ever. The final part will examine the possibility of supplementing Badiou’s universalizing project with Žižek’s recent conceptualization of the inhuman and ethical violence and reinvigorating ethico-politically authentic emancipatory thinking.
Ce que je dois à Foucault
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis
Published: June 2014

Foucault analyse l’épistémè classique (la représentation) à partir de deux peintures : Les Ménines de Vélazquez (Les Mots et les Choses) et Le Bar des Folies Bergères de Manet (Conférence de Tunis). La place du spectateur semble être la grande question, comme si la question du sujet était la même question. Mais, il y a une confusion, toute métaphysique : le sujet n’est pas le spectateur (point de vue) mais le point de fuite qu’en anglais on traduit judicieusement par vanishing point. Lequel se trouve en face du point de vue et n’est rien d’autre que le point de fuite. Pour approcher la question de la subjectivation, nous devons décrire l’appareil perspectif.
Les spectres de Raúl Ruiz. La maison Nucingen (2009)
Authors: Vera  Adolfo
Published: June 2014

Raúl Ruiz, cinéaste chilien exilé en France à la fin des années 1970, a construit une œuvre très vaste et donc très difficile à comprendre univoquement. La critique (un numéro spécial lui était consacré par les Cahiers du cinéma en 1983) a depuis toujours signalé l’absence d’un récit net qui organise ses films, la multiplicité des idées qui s’ouvrent en chaque plan (« chaque idée un plan, chaque plan un film », a postulé un jour Ruiz), la teneur « baroque » d’une œuvre où les limites entre le réel et l’irréel se brouillent du fait des particularités techniques de l’appareil cinématographique. Dans ce texte, on propose une lecture des quelques aspects de cette œuvre inabordable à partir de la question de la spectralité, question qui, selon Derrida (Spectres de Marx) constitue le noyau de la situation politique contemporaine. C’est ce que Derrida appelle « puissance de spectralité », et qui se manifeste notamment en tant que « puissance d’anachronisme », ce qui inonde les images cinématographiques de Ruiz, pour créer un univers où les moyens techniques du cinéma reprennent depuis son origine, au xixe, les « images techniques » photographiques et cinématographiques étaient censées constituer : l’apparition des fantômes. Or, on sait bien que, depuis la stratégie de la disparition politique appliquée par tous les totalitarismes du xxe siècle et d’aujourd’hui, la catégorie de « fantôme » a bien un aspect politique. Le dernier film de Ruiz, La maison Nucingen (2009) met toutes ces questions en lumière.
L’appareil artistique de Schwitters
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis
Published: June 2014

Entre le monde de la communication, de la publicité, voire du design et la production artistique, il semble y avoir un antagonisme radical. Or pendant l’entre-deux guerres, et même plus tard, un certain nombre d’artistes n’ont pas hésité à répondre à des commandes extérieures et commerciales, tout en se consacrant à leurs propres recherches plastiques. Kurt Schwitters a élaboré un terme : Merz pour indiquer que le foyer de sa production se situait délibérément au milieu, entre le langage comme système de signes et le figural (Lyotard). Il ajoutait même qu’il faisait avancer les deux domaines en même temps. Cet apparent paradoxe lui permit d’échapper à la fantasmagorie wagnérienne de l’œuvre d’art totale. Par ailleurs, il concrétisa Merz en le creusant littéralement, en en faisant un atelier qu’il habitait à Hanovre, le Merzbau, dont il y eut plusieurs états. On peut faire l’hypothèse, là aussi paradoxale, que cet atelier lui servait de réserve pour autant qu’il l’avait absorbé en lui, lui Schwitters, comme une crypte.
L’acinéma de J.-F. Lyotard
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis
Published: June 2014

Le texte de Lyotard intitulé l’acinéma1 a souvent servi de prétexte pour justifier un certain cinéma expérimental. Or ce n’était pour lui qu’un enjeu marginal. Lyotard développe quelques thèses essentielles : que la “réalité” est un effet de la “représentation” et non l’inverse, que l’une et l’autre sont soumises au même principe d’identité, lequel a comme nom dans la société du capital “valeur”, et qu’il faut donc s’intéresser au travail de distinction qui se fait en amont, entre ce qui est identifiable et ce qui ne l’est pas. Il y va donc d’une autre scène, où avec l’énergie d’Éros/Thanatos, œuvre un archi-appareil, pré-“théâtrique”.
Le sublime, la surface picturale et les disparitions politiques
Authors: Skopin Denis
Published: June 2014

Cet article est consacré à la polémique Jacques Rancière / Jean-François Lyotard autour de la notion de sublime chez Kant. Bien entendu cette controverse au sujet du sublime est loin d’être un simple désaccord exégétique. L’Analytique du sublime constitue un « champ de bataille » entre deux points de vue diamétralement opposés sur l’esthétique et la politique : le beau et le sublime, l’œuvre d’art et son support, l’émancipation et l’identité. À partir de l’analyse de quelques photographies et quelques exemples tirés de la peinture, cet article se propose d’interroger la pertinence de la notion de sublime pour la description de certains phénomènes esthétiques et politiques du siècle passé.
With or without us? An audit of disability research in the southern African region
Authors: McKenzie Judith , Mji Gubela , Gcaza Siphokazi
Published: June 2014

Background: Disability research in the global South has not received significant critical consideration as to how it can be used to challenge the oppression and marginalisation of people with disabilities in low-income and middle-income countries. The Southern Africa Federation of the Disabled (SAFOD) embarked on a programme to use research to influence policy and practice relating to people with disabilities in Southern Africa, and commissioned an audit on research expertise in the region. In this article, a research audit is reported on and situated in a framework of mancipatory research.Objectives: This article sets out to describe a preliminary audit of disability research in the southern African region and to draw conclusions about the current state of disability research in the region and make recommendations.Method: The research method entailed working with disability researchers in the ten SAFOD member countries and utilising African disability networks hosted on electronic media. Disability researchers working in the region completed 87 questionnaires, which were reviewed through a thematic analysis.Results: The discussion of results provides a consideration of definitions of disability; the understanding of disability rights, research topics and methodologies; the participation of people with disabilities in research; and the challenges and opportunities for using research to inform disability activism.Conclusion: The conclusion highlights critical issues for future research in the region, and considers how a disability researcher database can be used as a tool for disability organisations to prioritise research that serves a disability rights agenda.
Building communities of trust: Challenges for disability
Authors: Phiri Alexander M.
Published: June 2014

This article asks questions about power and partnership in disability research in Africa. Research has been located too much in one type of organisation or another and not sufficiently in the interaction between a range of legitimate stakeholders. Across Africa and Europe, and government and civil society dialogues, the African development research agenda must be owned by Africans. Fully inclusive national and international research partnerships are crucial, but they must be driven from Africa. European constructions of and interventions concerning people with disability have often been inhumane, seeking to eliminate them from society. African cultures have also stigmatised people with disability. I call for a new African-driven research agenda that promotes the human rights of people with disability, and has people with disability not only participating in this research, but directing it. The Southern African Federation of the Disabled (SAFOD) Research Programme (SRP) is breaking new ground in this regard by allowing ‘the researched’ to become ‘the researcher’.
Dynamische Systeme
Authors: Eliasson Håkan , Hofer Helmut W. , Yoccoz Jean-Christophe
Published: June 2014

This workshop continued the biannual series at Oberwolfach on Dynamical Systems that started as the “Moser-Zehnder meeting” in 1981. The main themes of the workshop are the new results and developments in the area of dynamical systems, in particular in Hamiltonian systems and symplectic geometry related to Hamiltonian dynamics. Highlights were the solution of a fifty year old problem in Arnold diffusion and a KAM-result on quasi-linear perturbations of the KdV-equation.
Explicit Methods in Number Theory
Authors: Belabas Karim , Poonen Bjorn , Zagier Don B.
Published: June 2014

These notes contain extended abstracts on the topic of explicit methods in number theory. The range of topics includes effectiveness in rational points on curves and especially on modular curves, modularity, L-functions, and many other topics.
Mini-Workshop: Direct and Inverse Spectral Theory of Almost Periodic Operators
Authors: Damanik David , Goldstein Michael
Published: June 2014

This mini-workshop brought together researchers working on direct and inverse spectral theory for Schrödinger operators, Jacobi matrices, and related operators. The talks reported on recent work on these models and related ones, such as the Anderson model.
Mini-Workshop: The Willmore Functional and the Willmore Conjecture
Authors: Lamm Tobias , Metzger Jan , Neves André
Published: June 2014

The Willmore functional evaluated on a surface immersed into Euclidean space is given by the

L^2

-norm of its mean curvature. The interest for studying this functional comes from various directions. First, it arises in applications from biology and physics, where it is used to model surface tension in the Helfrich model for bilipid layers, or in General Relativity where it appears in Hawking’s quasi-local mass. Second, the mathematical properties justify consideration of the Willmore functional in its own right. The Willmore functional is one of the most natural extrinsic curvature functionals for immersions. Its critical points solve a fourth order Euler-Lagrange equation, which has all minimal surfaces as solutions.
Multiscale and High-Dimensional Problems
Authors: Cohen Albert , Dahmen Wolfgang , DeVore Ronald A. , Kunoth Angela
Published: June 2014

High-dimensional problems appear naturally in various scientific areas, such as PDEs describing complex processes in computational chemistry and physics, or stochastic or parameter-dependent PDEs leading to deterministic problems with a large number of variables. Other highly visible examples are regression and classification with high-dimensional data as input and/or output in the context of learning theory. High dimensional problems cannot be solved by traditional numerical techniques, because of the so-called
curse of dimensionality
.

Such problems therefore amplify the need for novel theoretical and computational approaches, in order to make them, first of all, tractable and, second, offering finer and finer resolutions of relevant features. Paradoxically, increasing computational power serves to even heighten this demand. The wealth of available data itself becomes a major obstruction. Extracting essential information from complex structures and developing rigorous models to quantify the quality of information in a high dimensional context leads to tasks that are not tractable by existing methods.

The last decade has seen the emergence of several new computational methodologies to address the above obstacles. Their common features are the nonlinearity of the solution methods as well as the ability of separating solution characteristics living on different length scales. Perhaps the most prominent examples lie in adaptive grid solvers, tensor product, sparse grid and hyperbolic wavelet approximations and model reduction approaches. These have drastically advanced the frontiers of computability for certain problem classes in numerical analysis.

This workshop deepened the understanding of the underlying mathematical concepts that drive this new evolution of computation and promoted the exchange of ideas emerging in various disciplines about the handling of multiscale and high-dimensional problems.
Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Chang Sun-Yung Alice , De Lellis Camillo , Schätzle Reiner
Published: June 2014

The workshop dealt with partial differential equations in geometry and technical applications. The main topics were the combination of nonlinear partial differential equations and geometric problems, and fourth order equations in conformal geometry.
Nonlinear Waves and Dispersive Equations
Authors: Kenig Carlos E. , Koch Herbert , Tataru Daniel
Published: June 2014

Nonlinear dispersive equations are models for nonlinear waves in a wide range of physical contexts. Mathematically they display an interplay between linear dispersion and nonlinear interactions, which can result in a wide range of outcomes from finite time blow-up to scattering. They are linked to many areas of mathematics and physics, ranging from integrable systems and harmonic analysis to fluid dynamics and general relativity. The conference did focus on the analytic aspects and PDE aspects.
C*-Algebren
Authors: Echterhoff Siegfried , Rørdam Mikael , Vaes Stefaan , Voiculescu Dan-Virgil
Published: June 2014

C*-algebras play an important role in many modern areas of mathematics, like Noncommutative Geometry and Topology, Dynamical Systems, Harmonic Analysis and others. The conference “C*-algebras” brings together leading experts from those areas in order to strengthen the cooperation and to keep the researchers informed about major developments in the field.
Noncommutative Geometry
Authors: Connes Alain , Cuntz Joachim , Rieffel Marc A. , Yu Guoliang
Published: June 2014

Noncommutative Geometry applies ideas from geometry to mathematical structures determined by noncommuting variables. This meeting emphasized the connections of Noncommutative Geometry to number theory and ergodic theory.
Lattice Differential Equations
Authors: James Guillaume , Pelinovsky Dmitry , Rapti Zoi , Schneider Guido
Published: June 2014

The workshop focused on recent advances in the analysis of lattice differential equations such as discrete Klein-Gordon and nonlinear Schrödinger equations as well as the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice. Lattice differential equations play an important role in emergent directions of modern science. These equations are fascinating subjects for mathematicians because they exhibit phenomena, which are not encountered in classical partial differential equations, on one hand, but they may present toy problems for understanding more complicated Hamiltonian differential equations, on the other hand.
Statistical Inference for Complex Time Series Data
Authors: Dahlhaus Rainer , Linton Oliver , Wu Wei-Biao , Yao Qiwei
Published: June 2014

During recent years the focus of scientific interest has turned from low dimensional stationary time series to nonstationary time series and high dimensional time series. In addition new methodological challenges are coming from high frequency finance where data are recorded and analyzed on a millisecond basis. The three topics “nonstationarity”, “high dimensionality” and “high frequency” are on the forefront of present research in time series analysis. The topics also have some overlap in that there already exists work on the intersection of these three topics, e.g. on locally stationary diffusion models, on high dimensional covariance matrices for high frequency data, or on multivariate dynamic factor models for nonstationary processes. The aim of the workshop was to bring together researchers from time series analysis, nonparametric statistics, econometrics and empirical finance to work on these topics. This aim was successfully achieved and the workshops was very well attended.
Codification and reallocation in seventeenth-century Paris
Authors: Lodge Anthony
Published: June 2014

This paper takes issue with the traditional (standard-oriented) account of codifi cation in French commonly presented in histoires de la langue. In them the seventeenth-century grammarians are portrayed (a) as being engaged, in a detached and rational way, in a programme of intellectual and aesthetic perfection of the language, and (b) as being the country’s linguistic legislators, working (teleologically) to design and set up a standard variety of French for the benefi t of future generations. Our paper tries to show, fi rst of all, that when we set the process of codifi cation in French within its broad sociolinguistic context, we see the extent to which it was contingent on wider social concerns: codifi cation did not happen in an atmosphere of serene detachment and rationality but was conditioned throughout by the social tensions endemic in a city the size of Paris. The paper then looks at the particular role of grammarians, notably Vaugelas, and notes that he himself makes no claim to be initiating or directing the process of linguistic change, but merely to be refl ecting usage. While the grammarians give preference to salient variants possessing the highest social value (bon usage), it cannot be said that they actually set those values. These emerge from a consensus involving directly or indirectly the whole community. The development in the speech of a big city the size of Paris is traditionally seen in terms of top-down standardisation, but it is preferable to see it in terms of dialect-mixing and koineisation. What we see refl ected in many of Vaugelas’ Remarques is one of the processes involved in koineisation isolated by Peter Trudgill and labelled as ‘reallocation of variants’: the community tacitly accommodates linguistic variants left over from earlier instances of dialect-contact within its overall scheme of socio-stylistic variation.
Change, contact and conventions in the history of Dutch
Authors: Rutten Gijsbert , van der Wal Marijke
Published: June 2014

The paper discusses variation and change in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Dutch, reviewing the importance of two types of explanation, the first focusing on dialect contact resulting from immigration as the locus of change, the second stressing the importance of writing conventions. Using a unique corpus of private letters from all social ranks, we discuss various phonological and morphosyntactic variables. We argue that ego-documents offer unique opportunities for historical (socio)linguistics, providing an unprecedented view of the vernacular. At the same time, writers did not consistently put their local dialect to paper. Writing practices such as morphological and syllabic orthographic principles caused the written code to move away from the vernacular. Supralocalization and graphemization, which are topics at the core of historical sociolinguistics, have to be taken into account by anyone interested in the communicative strategies which ordinary people used when they needed to write. At the same time, since supralocalization and graphemization may impede research on spoken language phenomena, they should also be addressed by researchers primarily interested in spoken language phenomena such as dialect contact.
The role of Dutch in the development of East Anglian English
Authors: Trudgill Peter
Published: June 2014

Dutch speakers may or may not have contributed a certain amount of lexical material to modern East Anglian dialects. There is a much stronger case to be made, however, for arguing that Dutch speakers did have a rather profound infl uence on the morphology of East Anglian English, dating from the time when almost forty percent of the population of the capital of East Anglia, Norwich, were refugees from the Low Countries. That infl uence was indirect, and mediated through mechanisms of linguistic change associated with language contact.
Global modeling of SOA: the use of different mechanisms for aqueous-phase formation
Authors: Lin G. , Sillman S. , Penner J. E. , Ito A.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. There is growing interest in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) through condensed aqueous-phase reactions. In this study, we use a global model (IMPACT) to investigate the potential formation of SOA in the aqueous phase. We compare results from several multiphase process schemes with detailed aqueous-phase reactions to schemes that use a first-order gas-to-particle formation rate based on uptake coefficients. The predicted net global SOA production rate in cloud water ranges from 13.1 Tg yr−1 to 46.8 Tg yr−1 while that in aerosol water ranges from −0.4 Tg yr−1 to 12.6 Tg yr−1. The predicted global burden of SOA formed in the aqueous phase ranges from 0.09 Tg to 0.51 Tg. A sensitivity test to investigate two representations of cloud water content from two global models shows that increasing cloud water by an average factor of 2.7 can increase the net SOA production rate in cloud water by a factor of 4 at low altitudes (below approximately 900 hPa). We also investigated the importance of including dissolved Fe chemistry in cloud water aqueous reactions. Adding these reactions increases the formation rate of aqueous-phase OH by a factor of 2.6 and decreases the amount of global aqueous SOA formed by 31%. None of the mechanisms discussed here is able to provide a best fit for all observations. Rather, the use of an uptake coefficient method for aerosol water and a multi-phase scheme for cloud water provides the best fit in the Northern Hemisphere and the use of multiphase process scheme for aerosol and cloud water provides the best fit in the tropics. The model with Fe chemistry underpredicts oxalate measurements in all regions. Finally, the comparison of oxygen-to-carbon (O / C) ratios estimated in the model with those estimated from measurements shows that the modeled SOA has a slightly higher O / C ratio than the observed SOA for all cases.
Influence of changes in humidity on dry temperature in GPS RO climatologies
Authors: Danzer J. , Foelsche U. , Scherllin-Pirscher B. , Schwärz M.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Radio Occultation (RO) data are increasingly used in climate research. Accurate phase (change) measurements of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals are the basis for the retrieval of near vertical profiles of bending angle, microwave refractivity, density, pressure, and temperature. If temperature is calculated from observed refractivity with the assumption that water vapor is zero, the product is called "dry temperature", which is commonly used to study the Earth's atmosphere, e.g., when analyzing temperature trends due to global warming. Dry temperature is a useful quantity, since it does not need additional background information in its retrieval. However, it can only be safely used as proxy for physical temperature, where moisture is negligible. The altitude region above which water vapor does not play a dominant role anymore, depends primarily on latitude and season. In this study we first investigated the influence of water vapor on dry temperature RO profiles. Hence, we analyzed the maximum altitude down to which monthly mean dry temperature profiles can be regarded as being equivalent to physical temperature. This was done by examining dry temperature to physical temperature differences of monthly mean analysis fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), studied from 2006 until 2010. We introduced cutoff criteria, where maximum temperature differences of −0.1, −0.05, and −0.02 K were allowed (dry temperature is always lower than physical temperature), and computed the corresponding altitudes. As an example, a temperature difference of −0.05 K in the tropics was found at an altitude of about 14 km, while at higher northern latitudes in winter it was found at an altitude of about 9 to 10 km, in summer at about 11 km. Furthermore, regarding climate change, we expect an increase of absolute humidity in the atmosphere. This possible trend in water vapor could yield a wrongly interpreted dry temperature trend. As a consequence, we performed a model study, investigating the increase in height of the transition region between moist and dry air. We used data from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), analyzing again monthly mean dry temperature to physical temperature differences, now from the years 2006 to 2050. We used the highest emission scenario RCP8.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway), studying all available models of the CMIP5 project, analyzing one internal run per model, with the goal to identify the altitude region where trends in dry temperature can be safely regarded as reflecting trends in physical temperature. From all models we therefore choose a selection of models ("max 8" CMIP5 models), which showed the largest trend differences. As a result, our trend study suggests that the lower boundary of the region where dry temperature is essentially equal to physical temperature rises about 150 m decade−1.
Extreme events in gross primary production: a characterization across continents
Authors: Zscheischler J. , Reichstein M. , Harmeling S. , Rammig A. , Tomelleri E. , Mahecha M. D.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Climate extremes can affect the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, for instance via a reduction of the photosynthetic capacity or alterations of respiratory processes. Yet the dominant regional and seasonal effects of hydrometeorological extremes are still not well documented and in the focus of this paper. Specifically, we quantify and characterize the role of large spatiotemporal extreme events in gross primary production (GPP) as triggers of continental anomalies. We also investigate seasonal dynamics of extreme impacts on continental GPP anomalies. We find that the 50 largest positive extremes (i.e., statistically unusual increases in carbon uptake rates) and negative extremes (i.e., statistically unusual decreases in carbon uptake rates) on each continent can explain most of the continental variation in GPP, which is in line with previous results obtained at the global scale. We show that negative extremes are larger than positive ones and demonstrate that this asymmetry is particularly strong in South America and Europe. Our analysis indicates that the overall impacts and the spatial extents of GPP extremes are power-law distributed with exponents that vary little across continents. Moreover, we show that on all continents and for all data sets the spatial extents play a more important role for the overall impact of GPP extremes compared to the durations or maximal GPP. An analysis of possible causes across continents indicates that most negative extremes in GPP can be attributed clearly to water scarcity, whereas extreme temperatures play a secondary role. However, for Europe, South America and Oceania we also identify fire as an important driver. Our findings are consistent with remote sensing products. An independent validation against a literature survey on specific extreme events supports our results to a large extent.
Temperature and precipitation signal in two Alpine ice cores over the period 1961–2001
Authors: Mariani I. , Eichler A. , Jenk T. M. , Brönnimann S. , Auchmann R. , Leuenberger M. C. , Schwikowski M.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Water stable isotope ratios and net snow accumulation in ice cores are commonly interpreted as temperature or precipitation proxies. However, only in a few cases has a direct calibration with instrumental data been attempted. In this study we took advantage of the dense network of observations in the European Alpine region to rigorously test the relationship of the annual and seasonal resolved proxy data from two highly resolved ice cores with local temperature and precipitation. We focused on the time period 1961–2001 with the highest amount and quality of meteorological data and the minimal uncertainty in ice core dating (±1 year). The two ice cores were retrieved from the Fiescherhorn glacier (northern Alps, 3900 m a.s.l.), and Grenzgletscher (southern Alps, 4200 m a.s.l.). A parallel core from the Fiescherhorn glacier allowed assessing the reproducibility of the ice core proxy data. Due to the orographic barrier, the two flanks of the Alpine chain are affected by distinct patterns of precipitation. The different location of the two glaciers therefore offers a unique opportunity to test whether such a specific setting is reflected in the proxy data. On a seasonal scale a high fraction of δ18O variability was explained by the seasonal cycle of temperature (~60% for the ice cores, ~70% for the nearby stations of the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation – GNIP). When the seasonality is removed, the correlations decrease for all sites, indicating that factors other than temperature such as changing moisture sources and/or precipitation regimes affect the isotopic signal on this timescale. Post-depositional phenomena may additionally modify the ice core data. On an annual scale, the δ18O/temperature relationship was significant at the Fiescherhorn, whereas for Grenzgletscher this was the case only when weighting the temperature with precipitation. In both cases the fraction of interannual temperature variability explained was ~20%, comparable to the values obtained from the GNIP stations data. Consistently with previous studies, we found an altitude effect for the δ18O of −0.17‰/100 m for an extended elevation range combining data of the two ice core sites and four GNIP stations. Significant correlations between net accumulation and precipitation were observed for Grenzgletscher during the entire period of investigation, whereas for Fiescherhorn this was the case only for the less recent period (1961–1977). Local phenomena, probably related to wind, seem to partly disturb the Fiescherhorn accumulation record. Spatial correlation analysis shows the two glaciers to be influenced by different precipitation regimes, with the Grenzgletscher reflecting the characteristic precipitation regime south of the Alps and the Fiescherhorn accumulation showing a pattern more closely linked to northern Alpine stations.
Impact of modellers' decisions on hydrological a priori predictions
Authors: Holländer H. M. , Bormann H. , Blume T. , Buytaert W. , Chirico G. B. , Exbrayat J.-F. , Gustafsson D. , Hölzel H. , Krauße T. , Kraft P. , Stoll S. , Blöschl G. , Flühler H.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. In practice, the catchment hydrologist is often confronted with the task of predicting discharge without having the needed records for calibration. Here, we report the discharge predictions of 10 modellers – using the model of their choice – for the man-made Chicken Creek catchment (6 ha, northeast Germany, Gerwin et al., 2009b) and we analyse how well they improved their prediction in three steps based on adding information prior to each following step. The modellers predicted the catchment's hydrological response in its initial phase without having access to the observed records. They used conceptually different physically based models and their modelling experience differed largely. Hence, they encountered two problems: (i) to simulate discharge for an ungauged catchment and (ii) using models that were developed for catchments, which are not in a state of landscape transformation. The prediction exercise was organized in three steps: (1) for the first prediction the modellers received a basic data set describing the catchment to a degree somewhat more complete than usually available for a priori predictions of ungauged catchments; they did not obtain information on stream flow, soil moisture, nor groundwater response and had therefore to guess the initial conditions; (2) before the second prediction they inspected the catchment on-site and discussed their first prediction attempt; (3) for their third prediction they were offered additional data by charging them pro forma with the costs for obtaining this additional information. Holländer et al. (2009) discussed the range of predictions obtained in step (1). Here, we detail the modeller's assumptions and decisions in accounting for the various processes. We document the prediction progress as well as the learning process resulting from the availability of added information. For the second and third steps, the progress in prediction quality is evaluated in relation to individual modelling experience and costs of added information. In this qualitative analysis of a statistically small number of predictions we learned (i) that soft information such as the modeller's system understanding is as important as the model itself (hard information), (ii) that the sequence of modelling steps matters (field visit, interactions between differently experienced experts, choice of model, selection of available data, and methods for parameter guessing), and (iii) that added process understanding can be as efficient as adding data for improving parameters needed to satisfy model requirements.
Intracranial translucency as a sonographic marker of open spina bifida at first trimester
Authors: Kara Taylan
Published: June 2014

Spina bifida is the one of the most common severe congenital abnormality of the central nervous system. Scalloping of the frontal bones called “the lemon sign” and caudal displacement of the cerebellum called “the banana sign” are known as cranial signs of open spina bifida on ultrasonography at the second trimester. Although these signs are useful methods in diagnosing of open spina bifida in the second trimester, detection rates of open spina bifida by using these signs in the first trimester are low. Intracranial translucency is a new sonographic landmark that may be valuable for the early detection of open spina bifida in the first trimester. In this study using of intracranial translucency as a sonographic marker of open spina bifida at first trimester is discussed with the light of recent literature.
Huge left atrial thrombus infected with aspergillusfumigatus
Authors: Kiziltunc Emrullah , Tacoy Gulten Aydogdu , Aki Zeynep Sahika , Ozkan Selcuk
Published: June 2014

Twenty three year old man with Hodgkin lymphoma had a resistant fever although treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to explain the origin of the fever and a huge mass was detected in the left atrium. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed and reported as intracardiac thrombus. Patient was referred to surgery. Culture of the surgical material favored to Aspergillus fumigates. Voriconazole treatment was started and patient recovered. The authors report overlapping two different clinical situations, intracardiac thrombus and fungal infective endocarditis.
Testing the Viability of the READ Scale (Reference Effort Assessment Data)©: Qualitative Statistics for Academic Reference Services
Authors: Gerlich Bella Karr , Berard G. Lynn
Published: June 2014

The READ Scale (Reference Effort Assessment Data) is a six-point scale tool for recording qualitative statistics by placing an emphasis on recording effort, knowledge, skills, and teaching used by staff during a reference transaction. Institutional research grants enabled the authors to conduct a national study of the READ Scale at 14 diverse academic libraries in spring of 2007 and test its viability as a tool for recording reference statistics. The study data were collected from 170 individuals and 24 service points with over 22,000 transactions analyzed. There was a 52 percent return rate of an online survey of participants, with more than 80 percent of respondents indicating they would recommend or adopt the Scale for recording reference transactions. The authors suggest that the READ Scale has the potential to transform how reference statistics are gathered, interpreted, and valued. This paper presents the findings of a nationwide study testing the Scale in spring 2007 and suggests practical approaches for using READ Scale data.
What Are They Learning? Pre- and Post-Assessment Surveys for LIBR 1100, Introduction to Library Research
Authors: Hufford Jon R.
Published: June 2014

Articles reporting the experiences of librarians in assessing what students are learning in information literacy classes are as of yet not as well represented in the professional literature as they should be. This is especially the case for library skills courses that are for-credit. Librarians who have experience assessing student learning should share what they have learned with colleagues who, in turn, need to know what methods are working and how the assessment process can be used to improve teaching and learning. This article reports on the experience gained by librarians at Texas Tech University Libraries while developing and implementing pre- and post-assessment surveys that were administered in eleven sections of a library research course taught in the fall of 2008.
Contradictions and Consensus — Clusters of Opinions on E-books
Authors: Shrimplin Aaron K. , Revelle Andy , Hurst Susan , Messner Kevin
Published: June 2014

Q methodology was used to determine attitudes and opinions about e-books among a group of faculty, graduate students, and undergraduates at Miami University of Ohio. Oral interviews formed the basis for a collection of opinion statements concerning e-books versus print. These statements were then ranked by a second group of research participants. Factor analysis of these rankings found four distinct factors that reveal clusters of opinions on e-books: Book Lovers, Technophiles, Pragmatists, and Printers. Two of the four factors take a more ideological approach in their understanding of e-books: Book Lovers have an emotional attachment to the printed book as an object, while Technophiles feel just as strongly about technology. In contrast, the other two factors are more utilitarian: Printers might find e-books more palatable if usability were improved, while Pragmatists are comfortable with both print and e-book formats.
Revisiting the Landscape of Literatures: Replication and Change in the Use of Subject Collections
Authors: Metz Paul
Published: June 2014

Circulation data from the Virginia Tech Libraries were analyzed to determine the extent of continuity or change between the author’s study of the use of subject collections in 1982 and the present. Book circulation has declined, largely due to much less use by undergraduates. The overall profile of subject use has changed in ways traceable to changes in the population of active library users. Disciplinary groups who still rely on library monographs do so in ways strikingly similar to their behavior in 1982, and the findings strongly replicate the earlier findings that were most suggestive for library practice and the sociology of knowledge.
The Information-Seeking Habits of Engineering Faculty
Authors: Engel Debra , Robbins Sarah , Kulp Christina
Published: June 2014

Many studies of information-seeking habits of engineers focus on understanding the similarities and differences between scientists and engineers. This study explores the information-seeking behavior of academic engineering faculty from twenty public research universities. This investigation includes an examination of how frequently engineering faculty seek or access information, how they keep abreast of current developments in the field and find less recent journal articles, how often they visit the library in person, and how important library services and resources are in meeting their information needs. The responses from the survey participants emphasize the importance of electronic access to current and archived scholarly journals for meeting the research and information needs of engineering faculty.
How Unique Are Our Users? Comparing Responses Regarding the Information-Seeking Habits of Engineering Faculty
Authors: Robbins Sarah , Engel Debra , Kulp Christina
Published: June 2014

Studies of information-seeking behaviors are common in the professional literature for library and information studies. This study examines the generalizability of findings of single-institution studies to other institutions by performing an institution-to-institution comparison of the results obtained from an information-seeking behavior survey sent to engineering faculty at twenty research institutions.
Almost Halfway There: An Analysis of the Open Access Behaviors of Academic Librarians
Authors: Mercer Holly
Published: June 2014

Academic librarians are increasingly expected to advocate for scholarly communications reforms such as open access to scholarly publications, yet librarians do not always practice what they preach. Previous research examined librarian attitudes toward open access, whereas this article presents results of a study of open access publishing and self-archiving behaviors of academic librarians. Following an analysis of open access to library and information science literature in 2008, several strategies to encourage academic librarians to continue to embrace open access behaviors are discussed.
Academic Library Administrators’ Perceptions of Four Instructional Skills
Authors: Shank John D. , Dewald Nancy H.
Published: June 2014

This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature by examining the perceptions of current administrators toward four domains and their associated skill sets needed to fulfill the library’s instructional role. Hundreds of Library Directors/Deans/Associate Deans/Heads in academic libraries of all sizes across the United States were surveyed to determine to what extent they value the skill sets associated with the four selected instructional skill domains: two traditional—teaching and presentation—and two more recently adopted by librarians—instructional design and educational technology. The findings of this research indicate that library administrators value the traditional skill sets more than the newer nontraditional skills. The results and possible implications, as well as directions future studies can take, are discussed.
Citation Analysis as a Tool to Measure the Impact of Individual Research Consultations
Authors: Reinsfelder Thomas L.
Published: June 2014

This study sought to determine the degree to which individual research consultations with a librarian can improve the work of undergraduate students. Citation analysis was used to evaluate the quality of sources selected on draft papers before meeting with a librarian and on final papers after meeting with a librarian. The rating scale presented here offers guidelines for measuring the quality of sources used by students. Findings of this research begin to provide some quantitative evidence demonstrating the positive impact of individual research consultations.
Why One-shot Information Literacy Sessions Are Not the Future of Instruction: A Case for Online Credit Courses
Authors: Mery Yvonne , Newby Jill , Peng Ke
Published: June 2014

This paper reports on a research project that examined the test scores of students who took part in an online information literacy course. Researchers analyzed the pre- and post-test scores of students who received different types of instruction including a traditional one-shot library session and an online course. Results show that students who participated in the online course demonstrated significant improvement in their test scores compared to the other students. This study shows freshman students’ needs for more comprehensive information literacy instruction. It also shows that information literacy instruction can be effective when delivered online.
Identifying Core Reference Competencies from an Employers’ Perspective: Implications for Instruction
Authors: Saunders Laura
Published: June 2014

Reference services are in transition. Impacted by advances in technology, changing user expectations, and the migration to greater provision of online and distance service, reference in academic libraries today is not the same service it was even just a decade ago. Most literature looks at reference competencies either for a specific service model such as virtual reference, or a specific type of library like an academic health or law library. Despite the changing nature of the job, few studies have considered reference competencies more broadly from the employer’s point of view. This study reports the preliminary results of a survey of current reference librarians and hiring managers to answer the following questions: What knowledge, skills, and competencies do current practitioners and hiring managers believe to be valuable for the provision of reference services now and into the future? What areas do managers find lacking or underdeveloped in their new hires? How well do current library science programs prepare students to meet employer expectations for reference positions?