bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress of Quantum Dots Light‐Emitting Diodes: Materials, Device Structures, and Display Applications
Authors: Fan Junpeng , Han Changfeng , Yang Guojian , Song Bin , Xu Rui , Xiang Chaoyu , Zhang Ting , Qian Lei
Published: May 2024

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs), as a class of 0D semiconductor materials, have generated widespread interest due to their adjustable band gap, exceptional color purity, near‐unity quantum yield, and solution‐processability. With decades of dedicated research, the potential applications of quantum dots have garnered significant recognition in both the academic and industrial communities. Furthermore, the related quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) stand out as one of the most promising contenders for the next‐generation display technologies. Although QD‐based color conversion films are applied to improve the color gamut of existing display technologies, the broader application of QLED devices remains in its nascent stages, facing many challenges on the path to commercialization. This review encapsulates the historical discovery and subsequent research advancements in QD materials and their synthesis methods. Additionally, the working mechanisms and architectural design of QLED prototype devices are discussed. Furthermore, the review surveys the latest advancements of QLED devices within the display industry. The narrative concludes with an examination of the challenges and perspectives of QLED technology in the foreseeable future.
Quasi‐“In Situ” Analysis of the Reactive Liquid‐Solid Interface during Magnesium Corrosion Using Cryo‐Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Schwarz Tim M. , Yang Jing , Aota Leonardo S. , Woods Eric , Zhou Xuyang , Neugebauer Jörg , Todorova Mira , McCarroll Ingrid , Gault Baptiste
Published: May 2024

The early stages of corrosion occurring at liquid‐solid interfaces control the evolution of the material's degradation process, yet due to their transient state, their analysis remains a formidable challenge. Here corrosion tests are performed on a MgCa alloy, a candidate material for biodegradable implants using pure water as a model system. The corrosion reaction is suspended by plunge freezing into liquid nitrogen. The evolution of the early‐stage corrosion process on the nanoscale by correlating cryo‐atom probe tomography (APT) with transmission‐electron microscopy (TEM) and spectroscopy, is studied. The outward growth of Mg hydroxide Mg(OH)2 and the inward growth of an intermediate corrosion layer consisting of hydrloxides of different compositions, mostly monohydroxide Mg(OH) instead of the expected MgO layer, are observed. In addition, Ca partitions to these newly formed hydroxides and oxides. Density‐functional theory calculations suggest a domain of stability for this previously experimental unreported Mg(OH) phase. This new approach and these new findings advance the understanding of the early stages of magnesium corrosion, and in general reactions and processes at liquid‐solid interfaces, which can further facilitate the development of corrosion‐resistant materials or better control of the biodegradation rate of future implants.
Recent Advances of Soft Actuators in Smart Wearable Electronic‐Textile
Authors: Peng Chang , Chen Yahui , Yang Bao , Jiang Zhenyu , Liu Yiping , Liu Zejia , Zhou Licheng , Tang Liqun
Published: May 2024

Smart wearable electronic textiles integrate sensing, perception, and control modules, which enhance human adaptability to environmental stimuli and concurrently serve as extensions for limb capabilities. The flexible and programmable nature of soft actuators makes them an indispensable part of smart wearable electronic textiles. These textiles seamlessly combine various components, such as sensors and actuators, through a comprehensive integration of materials manufacturing, circuit control, and transmission design. Exciting applications in various fields such as healthcare, sports, the Internet of Things, and human‐machine interaction have been demonstrated globally. However, there is still a persistent challenge in enhancing the actuation capabilities of soft actuators while maintaining their wearability. A timely and comprehensive review of the progress of this field is provided. Several main aspects are covered: functional materials, stimulus mechanisms, performance improvement strategies, and wearable applications in human‐related areas. Furthermore, the major approaches and challenges for improving the performance of actuators are systematically summarized.
Cellulose nanocrystal‐modified bio‐based aqueous polyurethane coating agent for kraft paper packaging
Authors: Chen Xin , Feng Jianyan , Han Shuaishuai , Bai Yang , Wang Peng , Liu Haoqiang , Zhang Peng , Luo Xiaomin
Published: May 2024

With the implementation of the “plastic restriction order” and the demand for sustainable society development, biodegradable coatings derived from biomass materials have garnered significant interest. This study presents the synthesis of a double‐salt bio‐based waterborne polyurethane (PLA‐WPU) by utilizing poly(lactic acid) polyol (PLA) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as the main raw materials, along with 2,2‐dihydroxymethylpropionic acid (DMPA) and sodium ethylenediamine ethanesulfonate (A‐95) as a hydrophilic chain extender. Synergistic reinforcement of PLA‐WPU using hydrophobically modified cellulose nanocrystals (M‐CNC) and polycarbonate diimide (PDCDA). At an M‐CNC content of 3% relative to the effective mass of PLA‐WPU, the tensile strength reached 36.12 MPa. After 8 days a lipase PBS solution, the degradation rate reached 54%. Excellent waterproof performance was observed, exhibiting a contact angle of 143.5°. When applied as a surface coating on kraft paper, the Cobb 60 value decreased from 74.0 to 28.6 g/m2, while increasing the tensile strength by 451.3%. Importantly, the kraft paper maintained excellent waterproofing, mechanical strength, and high barrier properties even after repeated folding, high and low‐temperature conditions, and exposure to varying pH solutions. It proved to be both degradable and recyclable, making it a promising alternative to liner paper or plastic membrane, especially in food packaging.
The gene IFIT1 is associated with dietary copper‐induced yellow fat disease in sheep
Authors: Li Depeng , Fu Juncai
Published: May 2024

In the process of rapid fattening and rearing of meat sheep, yellow fat disease of sheep occurs frequently. This study aims to investigate the preliminary pathogenesis of yellow fat disease in sheep. Eighteen healthy sheep (4–5 months old, 34 ± 1 kg) were selected and randomly divided into three groups: the 10 ppm copper group, the 50 ppm copper group, and the 100 ppm copper group. At the end of the experiment, blood, liver, kidney, and adipose tissue samples were taken from all sheep, and measurements of each index were taken. 50 and 100 ppm copper supplementation in the diets did not significantly affect average daily gain, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and sorbitol dehydrogenase in sheep but significantly increased the effects on gamma‐glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase enzyme activities in the liver and increased the accumulation of copper in the liver. 50 and 100 ppm copper supplementation to the feed caused different levels of pathological damage to the liver, the kidney, and fat and significantly affected the brightness, redness, and yellowness of the carcass fat. Sheep in the 50 ppm copper group did not show significant clinical symptoms of yellow fat disease in the later period of the experiment, but those in the 100 ppm copper group showed significant clinical symptoms of yellow fat disease. Transcriptome analysis of sheep livers showed differential genes associated with yellow fat disease, and GO and KEGG analyses associated with yellow fat disease were performed, and further correlation analysis found that the occurrence of copper‐induced yellow fat disease may be closely related to gene IFIT1.
High‐impact practices in cancer education and research: Undergraduate students' perceptions of skills and career development
Authors: Al Hakani Mohammad A. , Grimmett Edward A. , Laios Eleftheria , Frank Jake , Srikantha Subidsa , Wilson Kaila , Metcalfe Karen , Hamm Caroline , Porter Lisa A. , Cavallo‐Medved Dora
Published: May 2024

High‐impact practices (HIPs) are educational practices that foster student success. HIPs have not been widely used in cancer education and research despite the need for students to develop key transferable skills and cultivate social responsibility. Our study addresses this need by implementing four community‐based learning HIPs within the context of cancer education and research. Each HIP was classified as having low, moderate, or high alignment with the traits of effective HIPs. Undergraduate science students participated in one to four HIPs as a Feedback Participant, General Volunteer, Student Leader, or Cancer Undergraduate Research and Education (CURES) Class Student. We then studied the effect of these HIPs on students' development of knowledge and skills; career interest and preparedness; and social responsibility. Results from self‐reported questionnaires showed that HIPs increased students' cancer knowledge and developed their transferable and technical skills. Many students reported that these HIPs strongly impacted their career preparedness; positively influenced their interest in pursuing careers in health or biomedical sciences; and encouraged them to participate in community service activities. Thus, these findings provide new insights into the perceived benefits of HIPs in cancer education and research by undergraduate students.
Analysis of omarigliptin forced degradation products by ultra‐fast liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and in vitro toxicity assay
Authors: Mohr Amanda , de Souza Barbosa Fábio , Wingert Nathalie Ribeiro , Takeuchi Carolina Kisara , Garcia Luiza , Ribeiro Maria Fernanda Nunes , Arbo Marcelo Dutra , de Oliveira Tiago Franco , Steppe Martin
Published: May 2024

Omarigliptin (OMG) is an antidiabetic drug indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Forced degradation studies are practical experiments to evaluate the stability of drugs and to establish degradation profiles. Herein, we present the investigation of the degradation products (DPs) of OMG formed under various stress conditions. OMG was subjected to hydrolytic (alkaline and acidic), oxidative, thermal, and photolytic forced degradation. A stability‐indicating ultra‐fast liquid chromatography method was applied to separate and quantify OMG and its DPs. Five DPs were adequately separated and detected in less than 6 min, while other published methods detected four DPs. MS was applied to identify and obtain information on the structural elucidation of the DPs. Three m/z DPs confirmed previously published research, and two novel DPs were described in this paper. The toxicity of OMG and its DPs were investigated for the first time using in vitro cytotoxicity assays, and the sample under oxidative conditions presented significant cytotoxicity. Based on the results from forced degradation studies, OMG was found to be labile to hydrolysis, oxidation, photolytic, and thermal stress conditions. The results of this study contribute to the quality control and stability profile of OMG.
Qualität entscheidet über Performance
Authors: Gandert Etwina
Published: May 2024

Die Rohstoffe in Batterien machen ein großen Teil der Kosten und der Leistungsfähigkeit einer Batterie aus. Die Qualitätskotrolle der Ausgangsprodukte wie auch der verarbeiteten Materialien im Prozess sowie auch von recycelten Batteriewerkstoffen trägt daher erheblich zur Kosteneffizienz der Batterieproduktion bei. Dr. Kerstin Dreblow und Sabrina Hakelberg geben im Interview mit CITplus einen überblick über die Möglichkeiten von Deutsche Metrohm Prozessanalytik, um die Batterieindustrie für mehr Effizienz und Performance zu unterstützen.
Alkalische Elektrolyse oder Anionenaustauschermembran
Authors: Wetterau Jörg
Published: May 2024

Wasserstoff gilt als “Wundermittel” im Kampf gegen den Klimawandel. Speziell mit grünem Wasserstoff, der aus erneuerbaren Energien wie Solar oder Wind gewonnen wird, soll die energieintensive Industrie klimaneutral werden. Die Erzeugung von Wasserstoff etwa durch die Zerlegung von Wasser ist jedoch selbst energieintensiv. Für den Hochlauf der Wasserstoffproduktion sind die Energieeffizienz der Verfahren und die Skalierungsmöglichkeit im Anlagenbau entscheidende Wachstums‐ und Wettbewerbsfaktoren.
Intelligenz ins Feld holen
Authors: Gandert Etwina
Published: May 2024

Das Smart Meter Valve Focus‐1, entwickelt von Focus‐On, einem Joint‐Venture von Samson und Krohne, revolutioniert die Durchflussmessung und ‐regelung durch die Integration von Sensorik, Aktorik und Regelung in einem Gerät. Es verkürzt die Regeldauer, verbessert die Präzision und vereinfacht durch seine intelligente Automatisierung die Anlagensteuerung direkt im Feld. Mit seiner Fähigkeit, frühzeitig Unregelmäßigkeiten zu erkennen, optimiert es die Wartung und steigert die Effizienz kritischer Prozesse.
Numerical Simulation of the Transport of Gas Species in the PVT Growth of Single‐Crystal SiC
Authors: Xu Binjie , Han Xuefeng , Xu Suocheng , Yang Deren , Pi Xiaodong
Published: May 2024

Single‐crystal silicon carbide (SiC) is an important semiconductor material for the fabrication of power and radio frequency (RF) devices. The major technique for growing single‐crystal SiC is the so‐called physical vapor transport (PVT) method, in which not only the thermal field but also the fluid‐flow field and the distribution of gas species can be hardly measured directly. In this study, a multi‐component flow model is proposed that includes the inside and outside of a growth chamber and a joint between the seed crystal holder and crucible which allows exchanges of the gas species. The joint is simulated as a thin porous graphite sheet. The Hertz‐Knudsen equation is used to describe the sublimation and deposition. The convection and diffusion are described by the Navier–Stokes equations and mixture‐averaged diffusion model, in which the Stefan flow is taken into account. The numerical simulations are conducted by the finite element method (FEM) with a multi‐physics coupled model, which is able to predict the fluid flow field, species distribution field, crystal growth rate, and evolution of the molar concentration of dopant gas. Using this model, the effects of several experimental conditions on the transport of gas species and the growth rate of single‐crystal SiC are analyzed.
A five‐level single‐phase transformerless inverter with lesser component count for PV applications
Authors: Neti Sukhdev Singh , Singh Varsha , Anand Vishal
Published: May 2024

A transformerless inverter with reactive power capability has gained popularity in grid‐tied photovoltaic applications. This brief report introduces a five‐level transformerless inverter structure based on a switched capacitor (SC), which requires seven switches as semiconductor elements, one capacitor, a small inductor element to limit the high inrush current, and an input DC source in the power circuit. Notably, fewer power components result in lower losses in the inverter system. In order to fulfill the reactive power capability and self‐balanced SCs, a level‐shifted pulse width modulation (LSPWM) scheme is adopted. A simple closed‐loop controller is used for the voltage‐balancing approach to maintain the voltage and grid‐connected operation of the presented five‐level inverter. SC functional operation, modulation method, and voltage self‐balancing are thoroughly explored. In‐depth comparisons are made between the proposed and five‐level state‐of‐the‐art MLIs for PV systems. Finally, the performance of the inverter is verified experimentally in the laboratory environment for a single‐phase 1 kW system. The voltage and current stress are analyzed. The experiment is carried out for the change in modulation index, input, and loading condition. The experimental results suggest the inverter's adequate performance with an efficiency of the inverter is 97.3%.
Research on the working principle and stability of CLC electric springs based on the impedance analysis method
Authors: Wang Xiaohu , Chen Xinyuan , Huang Zhun , Zhou Mi , Zhao Chaohui
Published: May 2024

Electric springs are an important tool for microgrids to resist fluctuations introduced by renewable energy. Ensuring the stability of the electric spring itself and the system is an important condition for effectively achieving voltage stabilization and resisting fluctuations. To solve the stability judgment problem of electric springs in weak current networks, a CLC‐Electric Spring (CLC‐ES) stability judgment method based on impedance analysis was studied. The article first establishes the CLC‐ES topology model and control strategy. Then, the stability criterion of CLC‐ES was derived, and the basic relationship between system phase margin (PM) and noncritical load resistance was explored. Finally, simulation and experiments show that the stability criteria and control method proposed in this paper are correct, confirming the feasibility of improving the system PM by increasing the noncritical load modulus.
Single‐cell and spatial alterations of neural cells and circuits in clinical and translational medicine
Authors: Wang William , Liu Xuanqi , Wang Diane Catherine
Published: May 2024

The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neurons, circuits and regulators is being uncovered at a single‐cell level, from single‐cell gene expression to functional regulations. The classifications, architectonics and functional communications amongst neural cells and circuits within the brain can be clearly delineated using single‐cell multiomics and transomics. This Editorial highlights the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neurons and circuits as well as regulators, initiates the translation of neuronal diversity and spatial organisation at single‐cell levels into clinical considerations, and enables the discovery and development of new therapies for neurological diseases. It is predicted that single‐cell and spatial multiomics will be integrated with metabolomic profiles and corresponding gene epigenetic modifications. The interactions amongst DNAs, RNAs and proteins in a cell provide details of intracellular functional regulations and new opportunities for the translation of temporospatial diversity of neural cell subtypes/states into clinical practice. The application of single‐cell multiomics with four‐dimensional genome to the human pathological brain will lead us to a new milestone of the diagnosis and treatment.
Hesperidin, vanillic acid, and sinapic acid attenuate atorvastatin‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction via inhibition of mitochondrial swelling and maintenance of mitochondrial function in pancreas isolated mitochondria
Authors: Salimi Ahmad , Khezri Saleh , Vahabzadeh Zoleikhah , Rajabi Paria , Samimi Rojin , Adhami Vahed
Published: May 2024

It has been reported that lipophilic statins such as atorvastatin can more readily penetrate into β‐cells and reach the mitochondria, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, decrease in insulin release. Many studies have shown that natural products can protect mitochondrial dysfunction induced by drug in different tissue. We aimed to explore mitochondrial protection potency of hesperidin, vanillic acid, and sinapic acid as natural compounds against mitochondrial dysfunction induced by atorvastatin in pancreas isolated mitochondria. Mitochondria were isolated form rat pancreas and directly treated with toxic concentration of atorvastatin (500 µM) in presence of various concentrations hesperidin, vanillic acid, and sinapic acid (1, 10, and 100 µM) separately. Mitochondrial toxicity parameters such as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, succinate dehydrogenases (SDH) activity, mitochondrial swelling, depletion of glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, and malondialdehyde (MDA) production were measured. Our findings demonstrated that atorvastatin directly induced mitochondrial toxicity at concentration of 500 μM and higher in pancreatic mitochondria. Except MDA, atorvastatin caused significantly reduction in SDH activity, mitochondrial swelling, ROS formation, depletion of GSH, and collapse of MMP. While, our data showed that all three protective compounds at low concentrations ameliorated atorvastatin‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction with the increase of SDH activity, improvement of mitochondrial swelling, MMP collapse and mitochondrial GSH, and reduction of ROS formation. We can conclude that hesperidin, vanillic acid, and sinapic acid can directly reverse the toxic of atorvastatin in rat pancreas isolated mitochondria, which may be beneficial for protection against diabetogenic‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic β‐cells.
Small‐scale fire tests in the underwater tunnel section model with new sidewall smoke extraction
Authors: Yue Shunyu , Miao Ruifeng , Cheng Huihang , Zhong Maohua , Yang Xiujun
Published: May 2024

The Shenzhen–Zhongshan Bridge is a 24‐km‐long bridge and tunnel system, including a 6.8‐km‐long super cross section subsea tunnel. To solve the smoke exhaust problem of a super large cross‐section subsea tunnel, the tunnel has a new smoke exhaust system that combines a horizontal smoke exhaust cross section at the top and sidewall smoke exhaust holes. In order to evaluate the potential fire hazards of this type of tunnel, a 1:30 tunnel model was established and 140 small‐scale experiments on underwater tunnel fires were conducted. By changing the fire power, fire location, and fan operation mode, different scenarios of submarine immersed tunnel fire were simulated and the related key parameters such as fire smoke diffusion behavior and smoke temperature distribution were studied. On this basis, the optimal smoke control strategy was proposed for different fire scenarios. The research results indicate that the new smoke exhaust system can fully utilize the smoke flow characteristics, significantly improve smoke exhaust efficiency, and increase available evacuation time, thus further enhancing the fire safety of super large cross‐section subsea tunnels.
Recent advances in transition metal electrocatalysts for effective nitrogen reduction reaction under ambient conditions
Authors: An Li , Zhang Zhaoyan , Liu Guohua , Liu Wenning , Fu Yajie , Qu Dan , Liu Yichang , Hu Pu , Sun Zaicheng
Published: May 2024

As one of the world's largest chemical products, ammonia (NH3) plays a vital role in the industry, agricultural production, and national defense. In modern industry, NH3 is produced primarily through the high‐temperature high‐pressure Haber–Bosch process, which consumes large amounts of energy and releases large amounts of greenhouse gases. Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions has been widely considered among many nitrogen fixation methods, which can be produced using renewable energy. However, the main challenge is to achieve both high NH3 yield and Faraday efficiency, which is attributed to the strong N ≡ N bond and serious hydrogen evolution reaction. Based on the key problems, this review discussed the transition metal (TM) catalysts, including alloys, TM oxides, TM sulfides, TM carbides, and strategies for tuning the electronic structure, regulating the morphology, and bimetallic synergistic effect on improving the NRR performance. Moreover, this review also summarized the NH3 detection methods and the reliable control experimental parameters in the NRR process to obtain accurate experimental results. Finally, the challenges and future directions of TM catalysts for NRR are considered, emphasizing the available opportunities by following the giving principles.
Caught in the web: Exploring spider predation on bats in Europe
Authors: Ruiz‐Villar Héctor , Montauban Cecilia , Pino‐Blanco Ana , Tena Elena
Published: May 2024

The intricate interplay between predators and prey has long fascinated ecologists, with bats and their diverse prey offering insight into co‐evolutionary dynamics. While bats have evolved sophisticated strategies for prey capture, they also face predation pressure. Among their predators, spiders stand out for their diversity of predatory tactics, ranging from hunting assaults and web ensnarement to the deployment of venom. Yet, bat predation records by spiders are mostly from tropical regions, and cases remain notably scarce in temperate regions. Here, we report four new incidences of bat predation and mortality by spiders and their webs in Europe. Our observations include detailed photograph and video documentation of the first record of a spider capturing and consuming a bat pup in Spain, as well as accounts of bats entangled in spider webs on a building and inside bat boxes in the United Kingdom. These findings shed light on understudied predator–prey dynamics, offering valuable insights into spider predation on bats in European ecosystems. Our study emphasises the importance of continued research to improve our understanding of ecological interactions between these elusive and primarily nocturnal taxa.
Residual tricuspid regurgitation after tricuspid transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair: Insights into the EuroTR registry
Authors: Stolz Lukas , Kresoja Karl‐Patrik , von Stein Jennifer , Fortmeier Vera , Koell Benedikt , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Kassar Mohammad , Goebel Bjoern , Denti Paolo , Achouh Paul , Rassaf Tienush , Barreiro‐Perez Manuel , Boekstegers Peter , Rück Andreas , Doldi Philipp M. , Novotny Julia , Zdanyte Monika , Adamo Marianna , Vincent Flavien , Schlegel Philipp , von Bardeleben Ralph‐Stephan , Stocker Thomas J. , Weckbach Ludwig T. , Wild Mirjam G. , Brunner Stephanie , Toggweiler Stefan , Grapsa Julia , Patterson Tiffany , Thiele Holger , Kister Tobias , Konstandin Mathias H. , Van Belle Eric , Metra Marco , Geisler Tobias , Estévez‐Loureiro Rodrigo , Luedike Peter , Karam Nicole , Maisano Francesco , Lauten Philipp , Praz Fabien , Kessler Mirjam , Kalbacher Daniel , Rudolph Volker , Iliadis Christos , Lurz Philipp , Hausleiter Jörg ,   on behalf of the EuroTR Investigators
Published: May 2024

Aims

Data on the prognostic impact of residual tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after tricuspid transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (T‐TEER) are scarce. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate 2‐year survival and symptomatic outcomes of patients in relation to residual TR after T‐TEER.

Methods and results

Using the large European Registry of Transcatheter Repair for Tricuspid Regurgitation (EuroTR registry) we investigated the impact of residual TR on 2‐year all‐cause mortality and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class at follow‐up. The study further identified predictors for residual TR ≥3+ using a logistic regression model. The study included a total of 1286 T‐TEER patients (mean age 78.0 ± 8.9 years, 53.6% female). TR was successfully reduced to ≤1+ in 42.4%, 2+ in 40.0% and 3+ in 14.9% of patients at discharge, while 2.8% remained with TR ≥4+ after the procedure. Residual TR ≥3+ was an independent multivariable predictor of 2‐year all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.30–3.26, p = 0.002). The prevalence of residual TR ≥3+ was four times higher in patients with higher baseline TR (vena contracta >11.1 mm) and more severe tricuspid valve tenting (tenting area >1.92 cm2). Of note, no survival difference was observed in patients with residual TR ≤1+ versus 2+ (76.2% vs. 73.1%, p = 0.461). The rate of NYHA functional class ≥III at follow‐up was significantly higher in patients with residual TR ≥3+ (52.4% vs. 40.5%, p < 0.001). Of note, the degree of TR reduction significantly correlated with the extent of symptomatic improvement (p = 0.012).

Conclusions

T‐TEER effectively reduced TR severity in the majority of patients. While residual TR ≥3+ was associated with worse outcomes, no differences were observed for residual TR 1+ versus 2+. Symptomatic improvement correlated with the degree of TR reduction.
Dynamics of potential‐induced structural changes at the Ag(111)/alkaline interface
Authors: Gründer Yvonne , Cocklin Elizabeth M. , Thompson Paul , Lucas Christopher A.
Published: May 2024

The dynamics of the structural changes in the electrochemical double layer at the interface between a Ag(111) electrode and 0.1 M KOH electrolyte have been probed using surface X‐ray diffraction measurements. The X‐ray measurements utilised a lock‐in amplifier technique to obtain a time resolution down to the millisecond scale. Two potential step regions were explored in an attempt to separate the dynamics of the reversible adsorption/desorption of hydroxide species (OHad) and the subsequent cation (K+) ordering in the double layer. By probing different positions in reciprocal space, sensitive to different structural changes, the time‐dependent response of the electrode surface was probed and time constants for the different associated processes were obtained.
When anthropomorphized brands push their gender boundaries
Authors: Yang Linyun W. , Aggarwal Pankaj
Published: May 2024

When anthropomorphized, brands are often imbued with gender. Consequently, when brands seen as female or male adopt marketplace behaviors that are incongruent with their gender, it can result in a perceived violation of expectations. We demonstrate that brands anthropomorphized as female versus male are stereotyped more strongly and draw lower fit perceptions when they engage in gender incongruent behaviors. We show that these asymmetric gender boundaries have implications for how consumers perceive and react to an anthropomorphized brand's marketplace behaviors, including the introduction of gender incongruent personality traits, product characteristics, and brand extensions. We find evidence for our proposed effect across both externally valid secondary data and internally valid experiments. In doing so, our work highlights how merely cuing female or male gender through anthropomorphism not only sets in motion a specific set of expectations from consumers, it also shapes the strength of these gender‐based expectations that place female brands at a disadvantage relative to male brands.
The relationship of peak ankle dorsiflexion angle with lower extremity biomechanics during walking
Authors: Gao Tianyu , Ma Zhengye , Yang Nan , Zhang Si , Shi Haitao , Zhang Hua , Ren Shuang , Huang Hongshi
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Abnormal lower limb movement patterns have been observed during walking in individuals with limited ankle dorsiflexion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of peak ankle dorsiflexion angle during the stance phase of walking with the lower extremity biomechanics at the corresponding moment and to determine a cutoff value of functional limited ankle dorsiflexion during walking.

Methods

Kinematic and kinetic data of 70 healthy participants were measured during walking. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to establish the association between peak ankle dorsiflexion and angle and moment of ankle, knee, and hip, ground reaction force, and pelvic movement at peak ankle dorsiflexion. All variables significantly related to peak ankle dorsiflexion were extracted as a common factor by factor analysis. Maximally selected Wilcoxon statistic was used to perform a cutoff value analysis.

Results

Peak ankle dorsiflexion positively correlated with ankle plantar flexion moment (r = 0.432; p = 0.001), ankle external rotation moment (r = 0.251; p = 0.036), hip extension angle (r = 0.281; p = 0.018), hip flexion moment (r = 0.341; p = 0.004), pelvic ipsilateral rotation angle (r = 0.284; p = 0.017), and medial, anterior, and vertical ground reaction force (r = 0.324; p = 0.006, r = 0.543; p = 0.001, r = 0.322; p = 0.007), negatively correlated with knee external rotation angle (r = −0.394; p = 0.001) and hip adduction angle (r = −0.256; p = 0.032). The cutoff baseline value for all 70 participants was 9.03°.

Conclusions

There is a correlation between the peak ankle dorsiflexion angle and the lower extremity biomechanics during walking. If the peak ankle dorsiflexion angle is less than 9.03°, the lower limb movement pattern will change significantly.
Evaluating pelvic tilt using the pelvic antero‐posterior radiographs: A novel method
Authors: Chai Yuan , Boudali A. Mounir , Veltman Ewout S. , Farey John E. , Walter William L.
Published: May 2024

Pelvic tilt (PT) is an important parameter for orthopedic surgeries involving hip and spine, typically determined from sagittal pelvic radiographs. However, various challenges can compromise the feasibility of measurement from sagittal imaging, including obscured landmarks, anatomical variations, hardware interference, and limited medical resources. Addressing these challenges and with the aim of reducing radiation exposure to patients, our study developed a novel method to estimate PT from antero‐posterior (AP) radiographs, using vertical distances from the pelvic outlet and obturator foramen. We correlated these measurements with PT, defined both anatomically (anterior pelvic plane, PTa) and mechanically (centers of femoral heads and sacral plate, PTm). The study explored creating linear, exponential, and multivariate regression models based on twelve 3D CT‐derived pelvic models (six men, six women), simulating AP radiograph projections with controlled PTs. We then validated these models against 105 pairs of patient stereoradiographs. Statistical analysis revealed that combined exponential‐linear models yielded the most accurate results, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.75 for PTa and 0.77 for PTm, and mean absolute errors of 3.7° ± 2.6° for PTa and 4.5° ± 3.4° for PTm, showing excellent measurement reliability (all ICCs > 0.9) without significant gender discrepancies. In conclusion, this study presents a validated, simple, and accessible method for estimating PT using AP radiograph parameters, supported by the Supporting Information S1: Excel Tool, showing great potential for clinical application in hip and spine procedures.
Median Nerve Cross‐Sectional Area and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Specific Populations
Authors: Savage Nathan J. , McKell John S.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Evaluate diagnostic accuracy of median nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) to determine severity versus presence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) across existing electrodiagnostic‐based (EDX) classification systems in patients with type 2 diabetes or bifid anatomy.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of cross‐sectional patient data. Receiver operating characteristic analysis used to determine median nerve CSA cutoff values and associated diagnostic likelihood ratios for all consolidated and binary EDX‐based classifications of CTS in patients with type 2 diabetes or bifid anatomy. Determine shifts in diagnostic probability based on established cutoff values and associated likelihood ratios. Distal CSA measured at or near carpal tunnel inlet, proximal CSA at level of pronator quadratus muscle, and delta CSA by subtracting proximal from distal.

Results

Binary categorizations of CTS were statistically superior to consolidated categorizations of CTS severity in patients with type 2 diabetes or bifid anatomy. Binary categorizations established reasonably consistent median nerve CSA cutoff values across all EDX‐based classifications examined resulting in the following for distal CSA or delta CSA: ≤10 or ≤4 mm2 to rule out and ≥11 or ≥5 mm2 to rule in CTS, respectively. These cutoff values resulted in small shifts in diagnostic probability in patients with type 2 diabetes and small to conclusive shifts in diagnostic probability in patients with bifid anatomy.

Conclusions

Binary categorizations to rule out or rule in CTS based on the proposed cutoff values provide the most meaningful information about shifts in diagnostic probability across all EDX‐based classifications examined. The use of median nerve CSA to categorize severity of CTS is not recommended in patients with type 2 diabetes or bifid anatomy.
Direct contact and very rapid valgus distortion characterise the injury mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in judo
Authors: Akoto Ralph , Mehl Julian , Diermeyer Theresa , Achtnich Andrea , Petersen Wolf , Lambert Christophe
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To analyse anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture (ACLR) injury mechanisms in competitive judo using systematic video analysis, focusing on contact situations and biomechanics.

Methods

Seventeen videos of judo competitions wherein athletes developed ACLRs were included and retrospectively evaluated by five analysts. In all videos, the moment of initial contact and the index frame were defined. The judo techniques leading to the injury; the occurrence of direct contact, indirect contact or noncontact mechanisms; the time interval between the initial contact and index frame; the positions of the hip, knee and foot in relation to the initial contact and index frame; and the balance status during the initial contact and index frame were recorded.

Results

Eleven (65%) of ACLRs in judo involved direct contact. The mean time interval between initial contact and index frame was 15 ± 22 ms. Thirteen (77%) athletes were not balanced at initial contact. In the index frame, the hip was abducted in all cases and in combination with internal rotation in 12 (71%) cases. From initial contact to index frame, hip flexion increased in all cases; at index frame, the knee joint was internally rotated relative to the trunk in 12 (71%) cases, and the knee flexion angles increased from the initial contact. In the index frame, the foot was externally rotated relative to the knee in 12 (71%) cases, and severe valgus development of the knee with valgus collapse was observed in 14 (82%) cases.

Conclusions

A direct attack on the knee was the most common injury mechanism observed. Valgus distortion appears to be the most important component of the mechanism of injury. With this knowledge, ‘modified defence reactions’ for specific judo techniques can be developed to reduce the injury risk.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Pushing Patterning Limits of Drop‐On‐Demand Inkjet Printing with Cspbbr3/PDMS Nanoparticles
Authors: Cai Junhu , Lai Wenzong , Chen Yu , Zhang Xiang , Zheng Yaqian , Zhang Wenyan , Chen Xiaogang , Ye Yun , Xu Sheng , Yan Qun , Guo Tailiang , Chen Enguo
Published: May 2024

Patterning is crucial for advancing perovskite materials into color conversion micro‐display applications, but achieving inkjet‐printed patterns with high performance and precision remains challenging. Here, novel CsPbBr3/PDMS nanoparticles as a promising candidate is proposed for achieving precise and perfect inkjet printing patterns. The as‐prepared nanoparticles ensure exceeding brightness, exceptional stability, uniform fluorescence emission, and high resolution reaching the highest performance of drop‐on‐demand inkjet printing. Specifically, the performance and stability of CsPbBr3/PDMS nanoparticles are enhanced through a two‐step optimization involving dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) ligand modification and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in situ coating, resulting in the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 92% among CsPbBr3/polymer core‐shell composites so far. The branched structure of DBSA and the PDMS shell provide steric hindrance and effectively prevent agglomeration during storage or patterning. The viscous PDMS coating inhibits the coffee ring effect, not only leading to excellent near‐unity uniform emission but also promoting the formation of smaller and more elaborate droplets, increasing the printing resolution by up to surprisingly 300%. Importantly, the impeccably displayed, high‐resolution patterns formed by versatile CsPbBr3/PDMS nanoparticles have demonstrated significant potential for high pixel density Micro‐LED displays, enabling efficient and stable color conversion.
Solving two kinds of inverse source problems for the heat equations by a mollification regularization method with Dirichlet kernel
Authors: Yang Lan , Zhu Lin , He Shangqin , Feng Xiufang , Zhao Bingxin
Published: May 2024

We study the inverse issues for the heat equations with spatial‐dependent source and time‐dependent source, respectively. In this work, the source identification issues are ill‐posed, and the numerical solutions (if they exist) are not continuously dependent on the data. A mollification regularization method with Dirichlet kernel is proposed to tackle the presented problems. Convergence analyses are carried out via two regularization parameter selection rules (a priori and a posteriori), respectively. Ultimately, a series of numerical experiments are presented to verify our theoretical results.
Norisoboldine, a Natural Alkaloid from Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm, Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation via S6K1 Signaling Pathway and Prevents Bone Loss in OVX Mice
Authors: Li Shiming , Yan Wenliang , Sun Kainong , Miao Jingyuan , Liu Zichao , Xu Jiayang , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Bo , Zhang Qian
Published: May 2024

Scope

Norisoboldine (NOR) is a major isoquinoline alkaloid component in the traditional Chinese herbal plant Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm, with previously reported anti‐osteoclast differentiation and antiarthritis properties. However, the roles of NOR on osteoblasts, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and osteoporosis in vivo have never been well established.

Methods and results

This study investigates the ability of NOR to improve bone formation in vitro and in vivo. Osteoblasts and BMSCs are used to study the effect of NOR on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. It finds that NOR promotes osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and BMSCs, while inhibiting adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by reducing the relative expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (Ppar‐γ) and adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing (Adipoq). Mechanistic studies show that NOR increases osteoblast differentiation through the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR)/ribosomal protein S6 kinase; polypeptide 1 (S6K1) pathway, and treatment with an mTOR inhibitor rapamycin blocked the NOR‐induced increase in mineral accumulation. Finally, the study evaluates the therapeutic potential of NOR in a mouse model of ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced bone loss. NOR prevents bone loss in both trabecular and cortical bone by increasing osteoblast number and phospho‐S6K1 (p‐S6K1) expression in osteoblasts.

Conclusion

NOR effects in enhancing osteoblast‐induced bone formation via S6K1 pathway, suggesting the potential of NOR in osteoporosis treatment by increasing bone formation.
Tungsten Nanoparticles Generated in an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet
Authors: Müller Martin , Dworschak Maren , Benedikt Jan , Kienle Lorenz
Published: May 2024

The atmospheric pressure plasma source HelixJet has been used to generate tungsten nanocrystals with narrow size distributions, well defined size control and with a considerably good particle yield. Tungsten particles are produced as the result of an evaporation process of a tungsten wire inserted on the middle axis of the jet after the wire is heated by interaction with the plasma. Temperature measurements using a thermocouple and by optical emission spectroscopy showed that, while the overall temperature of the wire is very high, it is not in the range of the melting temperature of tungsten; however, it can reach values needed for sublimation. Additionally, the wire is heated selectively while the temperature of the jet components reaches only a few hundred degrees Celsius. The particles cluster into agglomerates and their formation has been analyzed in relation to the reliability of a commercial scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer. The dependence of the particle morphology and crystal structure on the plasma parameters such as power and gas flow was studied via transmission electron microscopy and the average size of the tungsten nanocrystals could be tuned between 12 and 25 nm.
Impact of PSA nadir, PSA response and time to PSA nadir on overall survival in real‐world setting of metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer patients
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Hoeh Benedikt , Hurst Fabienne , Koll Florestan , Cano Garcia Cristina , Humke Clara , Steuber Thomas , Tilki Derya , Traumann Miriam , Banek Severine , Chun Felix K. H. , Mandel Philipp
Published: May 2024

Background

To evaluate the impact of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) nadir, PSA response and time to PSA nadir (TTN) in metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients on overall survival (OS) in the era of combination therapies.

Methods

Different PSA nadir cut‐offs (including ultra‐low PSA) were tested for OS analyses. Additionally, PSA response ≥99% was evaluated, as well as TTN categorized as <3 versus 3–6 versus 6–12 versus >12 months. Multivariable Cox regression models predicted the value of PSA nadir cut‐offs, PSA response and TTN on OS. Sensitivity analyses were performed in de novo and high volume mHSPC patients.

Results

Of 238 eligible patients, PSA cut‐offs of <0.2 versus 0.2–4.0 versus >4.0 ng/mL differed significantly regarding median OS (96 vs. 56 vs. 44 months, p < 0.01), as well as in subgroup analyses of de novo mHSPC patients and multivariable Cox regression models. A more stringent PSA cut‐off of <0.02 versus 0.02–0.2 versus >0.2 ng/mL also yielded significant median OS differences (not reached vs. 96 vs. 50 months, p < 0.01), even after additional multivariable adjustment. A PSA response ≥99% was also significantly associated with better OS than counterparty with <99% response, even after multivariable adjustment (both p < 0.02). When TTN groups were compared, patients with longer TTN harbored more extended OS than those with short TTN (<3 vs. 3–6 vs. 6–12 vs. >12 months: 34 vs. 50 vs. 67 vs. 96 months, p < 0.01). Virtually similar results were observed in sensitivity analyses for high volume mHSPC patients.

Conclusions

In times of combination therapies for mHSPC, a PSA nadir of respectively, <0.2 and <0.02 ng/mL are associated with best OS rates. Moreover, a relative PSA response ≥99% and a longer TTN are clinical important proxies for favorable OS estimates.
Self‐Powered Traffic Lights Through Wind Energy Harvesting Based on High‐Performance Fur‐Brush Dish Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Jiang Yang , Ming Yutong , Zhao Mohan , Guo Xin , Han Jiajia , Liu Shijie , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: May 2024

Traffic lights play vital roles in urban traffic management systems, providing clear directional guidance for vehicles and pedestrians while ensuring traffic safety. However, the vast quantity of traffic lights widely distributed in the transportation system aggravates energy consumption. Here, a self‐powered traffic light system is proposed through wind energy harvesting based on a high‐performance fur‐brush dish triboelectric nanogenerator (FD‐TENG). The FD‐TENG harvests wind energy to power the traffic light system continuously without needing an external power supply. Natural rabbit furs are applied to dish structures, due to their outstanding characteristics of shallow wear, high performance, and resistance to humidity. Also, the grid pattern of the dish structure significantly impacts the TENG outputs. Additionally, the internal electric field and the influences of mechanical and structural parameters on the outputs are analyzed by finite element simulations. After optimization, the FD‐TENG can achieve a peak power density of 3.275 W m−3. The portable and miniature features of FD‐TENG make it suitable for other natural environment systems such as forests, oceans, and mountains, besides the traffic light systems. This study presents a viable strategy for self‐powered traffic lights, establishing a basis for efficient environmental energy harvesting toward big data and Internet of Things applications.