bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic Risk Communication
Authors: Santos-Reyes Jaime , Gouzeva Tatiana
Published: August 2018

The chapter presents some aspects of the seismic risk communication within a systemic disaster management system (SDMS) model. Information and communication technology (ICT) plays a key part in managing natural disasters. An example of seismic risk preparedness for the case of preparatory schools in Mexico City has been used to illustrate this feature of the model. Some conclusions are (1) the model has shown the potentiality to the understanding of the flow of information amongst they key subsystems of the model. It can also be used to any natural hazard management. Regarding the case study, (2) 52% of the participants are not sure whether the key decision makers are concern regarding the level of preparedness of the students for the case of earthquakes; (3) 44.1% of the students considered the best way to learn more on earthquakes was through “civil protection” courses; (d) finally, the actions that the decision makers could take are the implementation of seismic risk courses that should be run by civil protection and to promote the culture of preparedness on seismic risk.
Rethinking Twitter
Authors: Buzzelli Armand A. , Holdan Gregory , Lias Allen R. , Rota Daniel R. , Evans Trebor Z.
Published: August 2018

Despite being more widely known for its contributions to pop culture, and more recently political news and events, a growing body of literature exists about Twitter's use in education. This chapter presents a framework for using Twitter as an instructional review tool, leveraging its timely, unique, and efficient communication style while incorporating theories of memory and cognitive psychology that are more than two centuries old. The authors present applied practice study examples of how Twitter may be used as a means for distributed practice in learning concepts. While practitioners may be concerned about student adoption of Twitter, research presented in this chapter reports that Twitter is user-friendly and is most engaging for students when an instructor frequently participates.
Psychological Profiles Prediction Using Online Social Network Behavior Data
Authors: Zhao Nan , Zhu Tingshao
Published: August 2018

As today's online social network (OSN) has become a part of our daily life, the huge amount of OSN behavior data could be a new data source to detect and understand individual differences, especially on mental aspects. Based on the findings revealing the relationships between personality and online behavior records, the authors tried to extract relevant features from both OSN usage behaviors and OSN textual posts, and trained models by machine learning methods to predict the OSN user's personality. The results showed fairly good predictive accuracy in Chinese OSN. The authors also reviewed the same kind of studies in more pervasive OSNs, focusing on what behavior data are used in predicting psychological profiles and how to use them effectively. It is foreseeable that more types of OSN data could be utilized in recognizing more psychological indices, and the predictive accuracy would be further improved. Meanwhile, the model-predicted psychological profiles are becoming an option of measurements in psychological studies, when the classical methods are not applicable.
Digital Behavior Change Interventions
Authors: Messer David , Shanholtz Caroline E. , Chowdhury Abhik
Published: August 2018

The internet holds considerable potential to improve the world's health. Noncommunicable, or so-called lifestyle, diseases are responsible for more than three-fifths of all deaths worldwide. With over half of the world's population now online, public health officials and entrepreneurs have developed a growing array of digitally mediated interventions to encourage healthy lifestyle choices. In this chapter, the authors discuss online and digitally mediated interventions, provide examples of their use, and summarize recommendations for future research and development. Particular attention is paid to online education, social media support groups, adaptive and gamified interventions, and emerging technologies such as ambient and wearable sensors and artificial intelligence.
Adolescent Victim Experiences of Cyberbullying
Authors: Gao Minghui , Filipino Tonja , Zhao Xu , McJunkin Mark
Published: August 2018

This chapter started by introducing a recent research study that disclosed adolescent victim experiences across seven major types of cyberbullying, significant gender and age differences, and reasons for not reporting incidents of cyberbullying to adults. The chapter then related the research findings to major areas in the literature on the nature and forms of cyberbullying in contrast to traditional forms of bullying, its prevalence among school-aged youths, the effects of gender and age on adolescent victim experiences of cyberbullying, and the factors that contribute to adolescent attitude toward reporting cyberbullying incidents to adults. The chapter suggested that future research should further explore issues such as how various types of cyberbullying affect adolescent mental wellbeing, how age and gender affect school-aged youth victim experiences of various forms of cyberbullying, and how professionals and other adults may help adolescents counter cyberbullying.
Measuring Tourist Attitudes and Consumer Behavior
Authors: Hosni Hanin , Kievit Henk , Drakos Periklis D , Angelakis George , van Dijk Gert
Published: August 2018

This article explores the general profile and behavior of tourists coming to Crete, and shows how qualitative, multistate data from a tourist survey can be used in market segmentation research using explanatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and cluster analysis. The primary audience for this study consists of tourism industry practitioners interested in a practical, cost-effective approach to market segmentation analysis. For this study, around 2100 questionnaires were given to tourists who were about to leave Chania at the end of their stay during the 2017 touristic season. After collecting the data and preparing the final database a descriptive data analysis was conducted. Then factor analysis was applied using the principal component analysis (PCA) method. The next step was to apply a cluster analysis with the K-means method. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the goodness of fit of a prior specified model based on previous studies. The CFA results confirmed that there are clearly two different types of tourists: those who consider Crete as a relaxation destination and those who consider it for recreation activities. These results provide hotel managers with a clearer understanding of the current market segmentation which is useful in terms of pricing decisions. This article fulfills a need to study the tourist's behaviours and profiles in Crete and to classify them according to their activities, needs and budgets.
Avoiding Revenge Using Optimal Opponent Ranking Strategy in the Board Game Catan
Authors: Boda Márton Attila
Published: August 2018

The study analyses the attitude of players in a board game called Catan. In Catan, we are basically handling the players as opponents, but this does not rule out the possibility of cooperation. In a game with three players, in order to increase the chances of winning, it is worth acting together against the lead player. Cooperation has several possible modalities. In the article, the focus is on blocking situations which can lead to revenge. The primary objectives of this study were to examine how different types of thinking can cause revenge situations and which are the successful strategies among players. Strategies (as a mathematical solution to a decision problem) are examined in the study via computer modeling. To help the model, some kind of behavior of human Catan players was studied which enables profiling gaming styles used in the model. The winning chances of the player who was not involved in revenge have improved considerably, by 43%. To avoid being involved in revenge situations, the best solution is to accept other players' opponent ranking methods.
Diversity and Inclusion in Esports Programs in Higher Education
Authors: Amazan-Hall Khaila , Chen Jen Jen , Chiang Kathy , Cullen Amanda L. L. , Deppe Mark , Dormitorio Edgar , Haynes Doug , Kernan Jessica , Quanbeck Kirsten , Romine Morgan , Ruberg Bonnie , Song Jenny , Stepan-Norris Judith , Steinkuehler Constance , Trammell Aaron
Published: August 2018

The last 2 years have witnessed a tremendous rise in esports in the US and, with it, a growing concern about the lack of diversity and its underlying probable cause: toxicity toward women and minorities. The popularity of this new pastime among undergraduates has skyrocketed and club leagues are quickly transitioning into collegiate sports, leaving universities to rapidly catch up with student demand in order to attract and keep a technologically-adept incoming student body. The University of California, Irvine has become a leader in collegiate esports programs, boasting a centrally located, dedicated esports arena, an active gaming student body (72%), and undergraduate scholarships. The goal is to be a leader not merely on the digital field, however. The goal is to also live up to the long-standing commitment to diversity and inclusion across all aspects of campus life. In this article, the authors detail the strategy for accomplishing this. As university esports programs emerge nationwide, so too must campus policies and practices that ensure a welcoming and safe environment for all students.
The Cyber Talent Gap and Cybersecurity Professionalizing
Authors: Nobles Calvin
Published: August 2018

Two significant issues loom throughout the cybersecurity domain. The first is the shortage of cybersecurity professionals and the second quandary is the lack of minimum entry standards in cybersecurity. Some organizations' cybersecurity operations are suffering due to the cybersecurity talent gap accompanied by the increasing sophistication and number of cyber-attack attempts. The shortage of cyber talent is rampant in private entities as in public agencies, which highlights the resolve for entry standards into cybersecurity to enhance the professionalization. Researchers and practitioners provide countless recommendations for ameliorating the cybersecurity workforce by addressing the professionalization issue. Professional associations are the nexus of cybersecurity and possess the expertise, leadership, and sustenance to spearhead efforts to develop national-level strategies to resolve the talent gap and establish professionalization standards.
Readiness for Agriculture Companies Effectiveness Begin with Employee Motivation
Authors: Oba Ibrahim , Mândricel Diana Andreea
Published: August 2018

The main aim of this article is to contribute to the understanding of the organizational change and the effect of the human factor within the management of change in nigerian agriculture companies. The method approached considers an investigative study to identify the main directions of the manifestation of organizational performance among private companies to identify and motivate employees' contribution to organizational performance. The results reveal that the best motivation strategies remain those that take into account employees' motivation and satisfaction levels and determine their degree of involvement. Finally, these findings are relevant for the transformation of human resources from a passive state to an active one in producing and implementing change.
The Assessment of Ethical Issues Within Ubiquitous Computing in Belgium
Authors: Anderson Shaun , McKelvey Nigel
Published: August 2018

Ubiquitous computing is the future of technology as the list of ubiquitous compatible devices is growing. The ambient nature of this technology generates high usage in notably populated countries and popular cities such as Belgium. The present article assesses the ethical issues of ubiquitous technology in Belgium. The use of ubiquitous technologies here is prevalent and coinciding this is various ethical issues. One of the many ethical theories common here is cultural relativism. A major issue here is the mishandling of data leading to private data being utilised unethically. This is an occurring incident that has happened in Belgium recently and other accounts of issues within Europe and outside of Europe have been identified. New European Union laws have been implemented to help eliminate any further misconduct but large multi-national companies are not providing clarity on their use thus, leading to the misuse of data. Although, the data being provided to these companies is solely down to the decision of the user.
The Mediation Role of Knowledge Sharing Between Organizational Learning and Technological Innovation Practice
Authors: Wang Zhimin , Kwek Choon Ling
Published: August 2018

This article investigates the mediation role of knowledge management according to the dimensions of knowledge donating and knowledge collecting. The collected data was based on a total of 157 managers from the manufacturing industries will be evaluated by applying the PLS-SEM and fsQCA. The empirical outcomes based on PLS-SEM analysis demonstrate that organizational learning positively impacts on knowledge donating and knowledge collecting. This study confirms that both the knowledge donating and knowledge collecting act as mediators in mediating the positive relationship between organizational learning and the technological innovation practice. The fsQCA results indicate that the conditional support for the proposed antecedent and outcome expectation of the organizational learning. Moreover, the findings of fsQCA analysis also show that the complex solutions with three combinations sufficiently explain the technological innovation practice.
Designing a Knowledge Management System for Social Services Not-For-Profit Organisations
Authors: Massingham Peter , Massingham Rada , Pomering Alan
Published: August 2018

This article discusses knowledge management system design for SSNFPOs. The transfer of best practice knowledge management to SSNFPOs is not easy. SSNFPOs have different strategies and ways of doing business compared to ‘for-profit' organisations. Sector reforms in disability services, aged care, and child services in Australia threaten to disrupt social value as new for-profit rivals enter and pursue economic value. In response, the case study organisation (CSO) has been working with the research team to consider how knowledge management might help it become a stronger organisation and ensure its survival and growth in the reformed sector. The research was informed by discussions involving the CSO's management and the research team over an 18 month period. A general framework for designing knowledge management for SSNFPOs was developed. It involves six theoretical platforms, along with problems associated with theory and practice, how knowledge management may address these problems, and measures of impact.
Ontology With Hybrid Clustering Approach for Improving the Retrieval Relevancy in Social Event Detection
Authors: Selvam Sheba , Balakrishnan Ramadoss , Ramakrishnan Balasundaram Sadhu
Published: August 2018

Progression in digital technology and the fame of social media sites such as Facebook, YouTube, Flickr etc., necessitate sharing memories. This results in a colossal amount of multimedia content such as text, audio, photographs and video on the web. Retrieving photographs exclusively from web in the large collection is a challenging task. One way to retrieve photographs is by identifying them as events. The automatic organization of a multimedia collection into groups of items, where each group corresponds to a distinct event is described as Social Event Detection (SED). Contextual information, present for each photograph in social media adds semantics to the photographs. For semantic based retrieval, ontology based approaches yield good retrieval results, by reducing the number of false positives. So, the proposed approach moves with domain ontology construction followed by a hybrid clustering approach. Compared to the existing single-pass incremental clustering algorithm, the proposed approach ensures a good f-measure of 0.8608.
Semantic Web Services Discovery
Authors: Hammami Randa , Bellaaj Hatem , Kacem Ahmed Hadj
Published: August 2018

This article describes how Web services play an important role in several fields such as e-commerce and e-health. As the number of Web services is increasing rapidly, finding the best Web service according to users' requirements becomes more challenging. The traditional method of Web service discovery is based on keyword match. Due to this, many Web services which are most relevant to the user request are left undiscoverable. Some other emergent approaches are based on semantics to improve the quality of the discovered Web services in terms of relevance and satisfaction of user's need. In this paper, the authors present a survey of existing semantic Web services discovery approaches giving priority to relevant ones. Furthermore, this paper provides a critical and comparative analysis of the studied approaches and stands out major challenges to be addressed to substantially enhance the semantic Web service discovery.
Evaluation of User-Interface Alert Displays for Clinical Decision Support Systems for Sepsis
Authors: Long Devida , Capan Muge , Mascioli Susan , Weldon Danielle , Arnold Ryan , Miller Kristen
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

Hospitals are increasingly turning to clinical decision support systems for sepsis, a life-threatening illness, to provide patient-specific assessments and recommendations to aid in evidence-based clinical decision-making. Lack of guidelines on how to present alerts has impeded optimization of alerts, specifically, effective ways to differentiate alerts while highlighting important pieces of information to create a universal standard for health care providers.

OBJECTIVE

To gain insight into clinical decision support systems–based alerts, specifically targeting nursing interventions for sepsis, with a focus on behaviors associated with and perceptions of alerts, as well as visual preferences.

METHODS

An interactive survey to display a novel user interface for clinical decision support systems for sepsis was developed and then administered to members of the nursing staff.

RESULTS

A total of 43 nurses participated in 2 interactive survey sessions. Participants preferred alerts that were based on an established treatment protocol, were presented in a pop-up format, and addressed the patient’s clinical condition rather than regulatory guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS

The results can be used in future research to optimize electronic medical record alerting and clinical practice workflow to support the efficient, effective, and timely delivery of high-quality care to patients with sepsis. The research also may advance the knowledge base of what information health care providers want and need to improve the health and safety of their patients.
La lungodegenza post-acuzie in Italia
Authors: Pesaresi Guest Editors: F. , Simoncelli M. , Candela M.
Published: August 2018

Le norme nazionali sulla lungodegenza post-acuzieLa normativa nazionaleLe indicazioni dell’AgenasPresenza e attività della lungodegenza post-acuzieI posti letto e l’attività svoltaI ricoveri di lungodegenza post-acuzieL’organizzazione della lungodegenza nelle regioni italiane Le previsioni dei posti letto Le tipologie di lungodegenza L’utenza e il mandato La durata della degenza La collocazione e le dimensioni I collegamenti funzionali Modalità assistenziali ed organizzative Il personale I requisiti strutturali e tecnologici Indicatori di efficacia ed efficienza Le tariffe ospedaliereConclusioniBibliografiaNorme nazionali di riferimentoNormativa regionale
Efficacy of a solar still in destroying virus and indicator bacteria in water for human consumption
Authors: Nascimento Felipe Tiago do , Nascimento Carlos Augusto do , Spilki Fernando Rosado , Staggemeier Rodrigo , Lauer Júnior Cláudio Marcos
Published: August 2018

Natural water distillation can destroy and/or inactivate microorganisms that are sensitive to heat and ultraviolet radiation (UV). This method is currently used to provide fresh water in ships and in the desalination of brackish water. For the development of this research, a pilot-scale solar still was built and installed in the southern region of Brazil, in order to assess its efficiency in water disinfection, which was based on the most probable number (MPN) of total coliforms and  Escherichia coli, in addition to the DNA copy number of human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) in raw, undistilled samples and in treated distilled water. Results showed that the distillation process removed 100% of total coliform and Escherichia coli and 4.5 log (99.997%) of HAdV-5, which meets the microbiological standards for drinking water according to national Brazilian regulations, as well as USEPA and HEALTH CANADA requirements.
Microclimate in understories of a mango orchard and a degraded area in the Eastern Amazon
Authors: Rodrigues Juliana Chagas , Miranda Izildinha Souza , Sousa Adriano Marlisom Leão de
Published: August 2018

Changes in land use alter regional microclimate. This study compared the microclimate in understories of a mango orchard and a degraded area in the municipality of Salinópolis, in the northeast of the Brazilian State Pará, eastern Amazon. In both environments, the microclimate was monitored through collecting data on the following variables: maximum, minimum and average air temperature, air thermal amplitude and vapor pressure deficit. The microclimate was monitored daily during four seasons: early rainy season, late rainy season, early dry season and late dry season, between December 2015 and November 2016. Vegetation coverage was the most important factor to soften maximum and average air temperature in the understories. Lower values of meteorological variables were observed in the mango orchard understory, especially during late rainy season and late dry season, except for minimum air temperature, which was lower in the understory of the degraded area, especially during the late rainy season. The microclimate in the understory differed between both environments, and mango orchards may ameliorate the understory microclimate more efficiently than degraded areas; therefore, the mango orchard can be used as an alternative for the rehabilitation of degraded areas.
Regional Spillovers in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Arizala Francisco , Bellon Matthieu , MacDonald Margaux , Mlachila Montfort , Yenice Mustafa
Published: August 2018

After close to two decades of strong economic activity, overall growth in sub-Saharan Africa decelerated markedly in 2015–16 as the largest economies experienced negative or flat growth. Regional growth started recovering in 2017, but the question remains of how trends in the economies stuck in low gear will spill over to the countries that have maintained robust growth. This note illuminates the discussion by identifying growth spillover channels.

The focus is on trade, banking, financial, remittance, investment, fiscal, and security channels, which are the most prominent and most likely to transmit growth trends across borders. In addition to bringing together findings from a broad array of existing research, the note identifies countries that are the most likely sources of regional spillovers and those that are most likely to be impacted, and provides estimates for the size of these channels. It finds that intraregional trade and remittance flows are an important channel for growth spillovers, while banking channels are less important but will remain a risk going forward. Finally, the note documents other important spillover channels through financial markets contagion, revenue-sharing arrangements in fiscal unions, commodity-pricing policies, corporate investment, and forced migration. The main takeaway is that the level of interdependence among sub-Saharan countries is higher than is generally assumed. Consequently, there is a need for additional emphasis on regional surveillance and spillover analysis, along with traditional bilateral surveillance.
Oxidation processes in the eastern Mediterranean atmosphere: evidence from the modelling of HOx measurements over Cyprus
Authors: Mallik Chinmay , Tomsche Laura , Bourtsoukidis Efstratios , Crowley John N. , Derstroff Bettina , Fischer Horst , Hafermann Sascha , Hüser Imke , Javed Umar , Keßel Stephan , Lelieveld Jos , Martinez Monica , Meusel Hannah , Novelli Anna , Phillips Gavin J. , Pozzer Andrea , Reiffs Andreas , Sander Rolf , Taraborrelli Domenico , Sauvage Carina , Schuladen Jan , Su Hang , Williams Jonathan , Harder Hartwig
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The Mediterranean is a climatically sensitive region located at the crossroads of air masses from three continents: Europe, Africa, and Asia. The chemical processing of air masses over this region has implications not only for the air quality but also for the long-range transport of air pollution. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of oxidation processes over the Mediterranean, atmospheric concentrations of the hydroxyl radical (OH) and the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) were measured during an intensive field campaign (CYprus PHotochemistry EXperiment, CYPHEX-2014) in the northwest of Cyprus in the summer of 2014. Very low local anthropogenic and biogenic emissions around the measurement location provided a vantage point to study the contrasts in atmospheric oxidation pathways under highly processed marine air masses and those influenced by relatively fresh emissions from mainland Europe.The CYPHEX measurements were used to evaluate OH and HO2 simulations using a photochemical box model (CAABA/MECCA) constrained with CYPHEX observations of O3, CO, NOx, hydrocarbons, peroxides, and other major HOx (OH + HO2) sources and sinks in a low-NOx environment (< 100 pptv of NO). The model simulations for OH agreed to within 10 % with in situ OH observations. Model simulations for HO2 agreed to within 17 % of the in situ observations. However, the model strongly under-predicted HO2 at high terpene concentrations, this under-prediction reaching up to 38 % at the highest terpene levels. Different schemes to improve the agreement between observed and modelled HO2, including changing the rate coefficients for the reactions of terpene-generated peroxy radicals (RO2) with NO and HO2 as well as the autoxidation of terpene-generated RO2 species, are explored in this work. The main source of OH in Cyprus was its primary production from O3 photolysis during the day and HONO photolysis during early morning. Recycling contributed about one-third of the total OH production, and the maximum recycling efficiency was about 0.7. CO, which was the largest OH sink, was also the largest HO2 source. The lowest HOx production and losses occurred when the air masses had higher residence time over the oceans.
An assessment of natural methane fluxes simulated by the CLASS-CTEM model
Authors: Arora Vivek K. , Melton Joe R. , Plummer David
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Natural methane emissions from wetlands and fire, and soil uptake of methane, simulated using the Canadian Land Surface Scheme and Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem (CLASS-CTEM) modelling framework, over the historical 1850–2008 period, are assessed by using a one-box model of atmospheric methane burden. This one-box model also requires anthropogenic emissions and the methane sink in the atmosphere to simulate the historical evolution of global methane burden. For this purpose, global anthropogenic methane emissions for the period 1850–2008 were reconstructed based on the harmonized representative concentration pathway (RCP) and Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) data sets. The methane sink in the atmosphere is represented using bias-corrected methane lifetimes from the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM). The resulting evolution of atmospheric methane concentration over the historical period compares reasonably well with observation-based estimates (correlation  =  0.99, root mean square error  =  35 ppb). The modelled natural emissions are also assessed using an inverse procedure where the methane lifetimes required to reproduce the observed year-to-year increase in atmospheric methane burden are calculated based upon the specified global anthropogenic and modelled natural emissions that we have used here. These calculated methane lifetimes over the historical period fall within the uncertainty range of observation-based estimates. The present-day (2000–2008) values of modelled methane emissions from wetlands (169 Tg CH4 yr−1) and fire (27 Tg CH4 yr−1), methane uptake by soil (29 Tg CH4 yr−1), and the budget terms associated with overall anthropogenic and natural emissions are consistent with estimates reported in a recent global methane budget that is based on top-down approaches constrained by observed atmospheric methane burden. The modelled wetland emissions increase over the historical period in response to both increases in precipitation and in atmospheric CO2 concentration. This increase in wetland emissions over the historical period yields evolution of the atmospheric methane concentration that compares better with observation-based values than the case when wetland emissions are held constant over the historical period.
Quasi-Newton methods for atmospheric chemistry simulations: implementation in UKCA UM vn10.8
Authors: Esentürk Emre , Abraham Nathan Luke , Archer-Nicholls Scott , Mitsakou Christina , Griffiths Paul , Archibald Alex , Pyle John
Published: August 2018

Abstract. A key and expensive part of coupled atmospheric chemistry–climate model simulations is the integration of gas-phase chemistry, which involves dozens of species and hundreds of reactions. These species and reactions form a highly coupled network of differential equations (DEs). There exist orders of magnitude variability in the lifetimes of the different species present in the atmosphere, and so solving these DEs to obtain robust numerical solutions poses a stiff problem. With newer models having more species and increased complexity, it is now becoming increasingly important to have chemistry solving schemes that reduce time but maintain accuracy. While a sound way to handle stiff systems is by using implicit DE solvers, the computational costs for such solvers are high due to internal iterative algorithms (e.g. Newton–Raphson methods). Here, we propose an approach for implicit DE solvers that improves their convergence speed and robustness with relatively small modification in the code. We achieve this by blending the existing Newton–Raphson (NR) method with quasi-Newton (QN) methods, whereby the QN routine is called only on selected iterations of the solver. We test our approach with numerical experiments on the UK Chemistry and Aerosol (UKCA) model, part of the UK Met Office Unified Model suite, run in both an idealised box-model environment and under realistic 3-D atmospheric conditions. The box-model tests reveal that the proposed method reduces the time spent in the solver routines significantly, with each QN call costing 27 % of a call to the full NR routine. A series of experiments over a range of chemical environments was conducted with the box model to find the optimal iteration steps to call the QN routine which result in the greatest reduction in the total number of NR iterations whilst minimising the chance of causing instabilities and maintaining solver accuracy. The 3-D simulations show that our moderate modification, by means of using a blended method for the chemistry solver, speeds up the chemistry routines by around 13 %, resulting in a net improvement in overall runtime of the full model by approximately 3 % with negligible loss in the accuracy. The blended QN method also improves the robustness of the solver, reducing the number of grid cells which fail to converge after 50 iterations by 40 %. The relative differences in chemical concentrations between the control run and that using the blended QN method are of order  ∼  10−7 for longer-lived species, such as ozone, and below the threshold for solver convergence (10−4) almost everywhere for shorter-lived species such as the hydroxyl radical.
Streamflow forecast sensitivity to air temperature forecast calibration for 139 Norwegian catchments
Authors: Hegdahl Trine J. , Engeland Kolbjørn , Steinsland Ingelin , Tallaksen Lena M.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The Norwegian flood forecasting system is based on a flood forecasting model running on catchments located all across Norway. The system relies on deterministic meteorological forecasts and uses an auto-regressive post-processing algorithm to achieve probabilistic streamflow forecasts and thus a measure of uncertainty. An alternative approach is to use meteorological and hydrological ensemble forecasts to quantify the uncertainty in forecasted streamflow. In catchments with seasonal snow cover, snowmelt is an important flood generating process. Hence, high quality air temperature data are important for accurate forecasting of streamflow. In this study, the sensitivity of hydrological ensemble forecasts to the calibration of temperature ensemble forecasts was investigated. Ensemble forecasts of temperature from ECMWF covering a period of nearly three years, from 01.03.2013 to 31.12.2015, were used. To improve skill and reduce bias of the temperature ensembles, the Norwegian Meteorological Institute provided parameters for ensemble calibration. The calibration parameters are derived using a standard quantile mapping method. Estimated observed daily temperature and precipitation were obtained from the SeNorge-dataset, which is station data interpolated to a 1 × 1 km2 grid covering all of Norway. The operational flood-forecasting model, a lumped HBV model distributed on 10 elevation zones, was used to calculate streamflow. The results show that temperature ensemble calibration influenced both temperature and streamflow forecast skill, but differently depending on season and region. We found a close to 1 : 1 relationship between temperature and streamflow skill change for the spring season, whereas for autumn and winter large temperature skill improvements were not reflected in the streamflow forecasts to the same degree. This can be explained by streamflow being less influenced by sub-zero temperature improvements, which accounted for the biggest temperature biases and corrections during autumn and winter. The skill differs between regions, which could partly be related to elevation differences and catchment area. It is evident, however, that temperature forecasts are important for streamflow forecasts in climates with seasonal snow cover. This indicates that further studies are needed, specifically addressing catchment specific calibration methods, for improved air temperature forecasts.
Quantification of uncertainty in rapid estimation of earthquake fatalities based on scenario analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxue , Zhao Hanping , Wang Fangping , Yan Zezheng , Cai Sida , Mei Xiaowen
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The rapid estimation of earthquake fatalities using earthquake parameters is the core basis for emergency response. However, there are numerous factors affecting earthquake fatalities, and it is impossible to obtain an accurate estimation result. The key to solve this problem is quantifying the uncertainty. In this paper, we proposed a new method to estimate earthquake fatalities and quantify the uncertainty based on basic earthquake emergency scenarios. The accuracy of the model is verified by earthquake that occurred during recent year. The preliminary analysis and comparison results show that the model is more effective and reasonable and can also provide a theoretical basis for post-earthquake emergency response.
MOKYKLINIO AMŽIAUS VAIKŲ DAUG CUKRAUS TURINČIŲ MAISTO PRODUKTŲ BEI GĖRIMŲ SUVARTOJIMO TYRIMAS
Authors: Bartkevičiūtė Roma , Kranauskas Almantas , Stukas Rimantas , Barzda Albertas
Published: August 2018

Tikslas. Ištirti ir įvertinti, kiek vidutiniškai per parąmokiniai suvartoja kai kurių daug cukraus turinčiųmaisto produktų bei gėrimų ir kiek su jais gauna cukrų.Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. 2017 m. spalio-lapkričiomėn. buvo apklausta 1151 atsitiktinės atrankosbūdu atrinktų bendrojo ugdymo mokyklų 5, 7 ir10–11 klasių mokinių, užrašant duomenis apie kiekvienorespondento suvartotų maisto produktų ir gėrimųkiekius. Cukrų suvartojimo duomenys apskaičiuotispecialia kompiuterine programa, naudojantismaisto cheminės sudėties duomenų baze. Statistinėduomenų analizė atlikta programiniu statistiniu duomenųpaketu SPSS.Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad mokyklinio amžiausvaikai su daug cukraus turinčiais maisto produktaisbei gėrimais iš viso per parą gauna vidutiniškai 130,8g cukrų (cukraus) ir tai sudaro 22,3 proc. paros maistodavinio energinės vertės, kai rekomenduojama gautine daugiau 10 proc. E. Tik su maisto produktais mokiniaigauna 67,5 g cukrų ir dar 63,2 g – su gėrimais(su gaiviaisiais gėrimais – 25,7 g, su sultimis, nektaraisir sulčių gėrimais – 20,9 g, su arbata ir kitaiskarštais gėrimais – 16,6 g). Nustatyta, kad iš viso perparą iki 60 g cukrų (iki 10 proc. E) gauna tik mažiaukaip trečdalis vaikų, dar trečdalis – gauna iki 130 g,o likusieji (41,3 proc.) – daugiau kaip 130 g cukrų;vien su arbata ir kitais karštais gėrimais kas antrasmokinys per parą gauna daugiau kaip 20 g arba 4 a.š. cukraus. Berniukai daugiau negu mergaitės perparą gauna cukrų tiek iš viso (berniukai – 141,2 g,mergaitės – 121,6 g), tiek tik su maisto produktais,tiek tik su gėrimais. Mokiniai, gyvenantys mieste,mažiau negu gyvenantys kaime gauna cukrų tiek išviso (mieste – 126,6 g, kaime – 136,4 g), tiek su gėrimais,ir tik vidutinis cukrų kiekis, gaunamas perparą su maisto produktais, tarp gyvenančių miesteir kaime beveik nesiskiria. Palyginus mokinių cukrųsuvartojimą priklausomai nuo klasės, kurioje jie mokosi,nustatyta, kad mažiausiai cukrų gauna vyresnių(10–11 kl.) klasių mokiniai, išskyrus glaistytus varškėssūrelius, sultis bei nektarus ir sulčių gėrimus, sukuriais 10–11 klasių mokiniai gauna daugiau cukrų,negu 5 ir 7 klasių mokiniai.Išvados. Mokyklinio amžiaus vaikai per parą su daugcukraus turinčiais maisto produktais ir gėrimais gaunaženkliai (daugiau kaip du kartus) didesnį negu rekomenduojamącukrų kiekį. Tik mažiau kaip trečdalisvaikų suvartoja rekomenduojamą paros cukrų kiekįir tik 13,3 proc. – siektiną (ne > 5 proc.E arba iki 30g) cukrų suvartojimo kiekį per parą. Cukrų daugiausuvartoja berniukai, kaime gyvenantys ir jaunesniųklasių (5 ir 7 kl.) mokiniai.
SKUBIOS PAGALBOS SKYRIAUS PACIENTŲ PASITENKINIMUI REIKŠMĖS TURINTYS VEIKSNIAI
Authors: Aniulytė Dalia , Verikas Dovydas , Lindžiūtė Ugnė , Stanevičius Mykolas , Kukulskis Audrys , Jasinskas Nedas , Stašaitis Kęstutis , Vladičkienė Jurgita
Published: August 2018

Sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų pacientų pasitenkinimoteikiamomis paslaugomis rodikliai yra veiksminga jųvertinimo priemonė. Šiems rodikliams didelę įtakądaro personalo bendravimo įgūdžiai ir mandagus elgesyssu pacientu. Tyrimo tikslas yra įvertinti LSMUKauno klinikų Skubios pagalbos skyriaus (SPS) pacientųskausmo malšinimo ir medicinos personalobendravimo su pacientais reikšmę pacientų pasitenkinimuiteikiamomis paslaugomis.Skubios pagalbos skyriaus pacientų momentinėanoniminė anketinė apklausa, tyrimo anketą adaptavuspagal JAV CAHPS ir Jungtinės Karalystės TheFriends and Family test klausimynus. Anketą sudarėdemografiniai ir su paciento vizitu susiję duomenysbei 14 vertinimui skirtų klausimų (pacientų nuomonėvertinta skalėje nuo 1 iki 7 balų). Apklausa vykdyta2016 metų rugsėjo – 2017 metų vasario mėnesiais,tyrime dalyvavo 604 pacientai.SPS darbą geriausiai vertino pacientai, kurių amžiusper 81 metai, balų vidurkis 6,79 (sn±0,413), oblogiausiai - 18 ir 30 metų amžiaus pacientai 6,5(sn±1,019). Nustatytas vidutinio stiprumo ryšys tarpskausmo malšinimo efektyvumo ir pasitenkinimoskubios pagalbos skyriaus darbu (r=0,408; p<0,05).Pacientų pasitenkinimas SPS darbu labiausiai siejosisu gydytojo darbo įvertinimu (r=0,591, p<0,05), oskyriaus pagalbinio personalo (r=0,535) ir slaugytojų(r=0,481) atliekamo darbo vertinimas turėjo mažesnį,tačiau taip pat statistiškai reikšmingą ryšį (p<0,05)su pacientų pasitenkinimu SPS paslaugomis.Šiame tyrime atskleista, kad SPS pacientų pasitenkinimolygis suteiktomis paslaugomis yra aukštas.Skausmo malšinimas siejasi su geriau vertinamomispaslaugomis. Viso personalo darbas yra reikšmingas,tačiau gydytojų darbas yra pagrindinis veiksnys, kurissiejasi su geresniais pacientų pasitenkinimo rodikliais.
Implantação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem como meio de qualificação da assistência ao idoso
Authors: Piccinini Vanusa Maria , Costa Arlete Eli Kunz da , Pissaia Luís Felipe
Published: August 2018

A Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem é uma metodologia de trabalho baseada em conhecimentos científicos, que oferece ao enfermeiro instrumentos de

intervenção efetivos, neste caso, à população idosa. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o processo de implantação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem como meio de qualificação da assistência ao idoso na Atenção Primária à Saúde em um município do Vale do Taquari, RS, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa.

Os sujeitos de pesquisa são onze profissionais de enfermagem que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde de um município do Vale do Taquari, RS, Brasil. Os resultados

evidenciam que os profissionais acreditam na importância de sistematizar o cuidado como meio de qualificação da assistência aos idosos. No entanto, foram evidenciados

alguns entraves à implantação, como a falta de capacitação profissional e de conhecimento dos gestores sobre sua importância. A investigação aponta ainda o aumento da demanda assistencial aos idosos,

o que dificulta a prestação de cuidados efetivos pelas equipes, devido ao déficit de profissionais. Considera-se o estudo limitado, pois poucas pesquisas relacionadas à

temática foram realizadas até o momento. No entanto, verificou-se que os profissionais têm responsabilidade ao assistir seus pacientes, oferendo uma assistência de

qualidade, resolutiva e efetiva.
Relação entre variáveis climáticas e a mortalidade de idosos por doenças cardiovasculares
Authors: Galvão Natália , Leite Maysa De Lima
Published: August 2018

O estudo objetiva avaliar a relação entre a mortalidade por doenças do aparelho cardiovascular (DACs) e variáveis climáticas, assim como descrever os óbitos de idosos no município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, em um período de 16 anos (1998-2013). Os dados epidemiológicos foram analisados em formato de coeficiente de mortalidade mensal juntamente com os dados climáticos pelo teste de coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e por regressão linear múltipla. As DACs foram a maior causa de mortalidade na população idosa do município investigado. O coeficiente de mortalidade apresentou um comportamento sazonal pouco evidente durante a série histórica. Foram observadas fortes correlações negativas com as temperaturas que apresentaram alta significância estatística. Os modelos regressivos anuais apresentaram alta significância e um bom grau de ajuste. É possível comprovar que as variáveis climáticas exercem

influência na mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares

no município de Ponta Grossa, destacando a influência da temperatura.
Integración regional y la política exterior de Chile. ¿Paradoja o acomodo?
Authors: Jenne Nicole , Briones Razeto Sebastián
Published: August 2018

La integración regional en América Latina presenta una contradicción notable. Mientras que la retórica de los actores promueve avances en los procesos regionales, los hechos muestran resultados e instituciones mucho más débiles de lo que esa retórica sustenta. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo esclarecer empíricamente esta brecha, basado en el caso de Chile. A este fin empleamos una serie de indicadores que buscan captar el compromiso declarado con la integración, por un lado, y los esfuerzos y avances reales, por otro. El artículo contribuye a la literatura sobre el regionalismo latinoamericano con un aporte empírico, destacando algunos matices en la brecha entre los discursos y los hechos.
Conceptualizaciones instrumentales y constructivistas de la etnicidad: aplicaciones para investigaciones de movimientos sociales en Latinoamérica
Authors: Thomson Catarina P.
Published: August 2018

Dentro del área de estudios de Política Comparada, se ha conceptualizado a la etnicidad como una categoría fija en la cual nacen las personas, pero también como solo una de las múltiples identidades que pueden ser políticamente activadas por diversos actores. Esta última perspectiva corresponde al paradigma instrumental o constructivista, que busca responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿Bajo qué circunstancias se activará la identidad étnica de ciudadanos, de modo tal que afecte su comportamiento político? Desde los ‘90s que los movimientos sociales en Latinoamérica comenzaron a presentarse como movimientos de origen étnico, lo cual culminó con la elección del primer presidente indígena de la region, en 2005. Diseñar investigaciones, utilizando nociones instrumentales y constructivistas de etnicidad, puede permitir el avance del estudio de los movimientos sociales en la región.
Consolidando la política de inversiones por medio de la Cláusula de Nación más Favorecida en los Tratados Internacionales de Inversión
Authors: Riquelme Carlos
Published: August 2018

La Cláusula de Nación más Favorecida ha recibido mucha atención en el régimen internacional de inversiones en los últimos años. Las discusiones han girado respecto de si dicha disposición permite atraer condiciones más favorables relativas a la solución de controversias. Este trabajo se aleja de dicha discusión y analiza otro problema que ha contado con menos atención. Se refiere, particularmente, a la posibilidad de que por medio de dicha cláusula se atraigan condiciones más favorables contenidas en tratados celebrados previamente. Esa posibilidad es de interés, pues la misma podría hacer difícil la modificación de la política de atracción de inversiones de los Estados plasmada en sus tratados de inversión. Si se considera que eventuales giros en la estrategia de desarrollo son deseables, la cláusula constituye un obstáculo el cual debería ser analizado con detención.
Amanda Labarca, su tiempo y sus luchas
Authors: Figueroa Quinteros María Angélica
Published: August 2018

Discurso pronunciado por doña María Angélica Figueroa, profesora titular de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Chile al recibir la condecoración Amanda Labarca 2016.
Capital social colectivo entre adultos mayores
Authors: Lopes Correia Ricardo
Published: August 2018

Este artículo analiza las formas, las funciones y los significados de la participación ocupacional de adultos mayores durante actividades en un programa de desarrollo local. Se llevó a cabo una Investigación Acción junto a 11 ancianos que vivían en una villa residencial en el interior del estado de San Pablo, Brasil, durante 7 días de julio de 2013. Las experiencias fueron analizadas a partir de métodos inductivos y de las perspectivas de la Ciencia Ocupacional y del Modelo Interdisciplinario de Desarrollo Local. Para ello, se construyó un registro documental sobre los procesos realizados, además de las experiencias y opiniones de los ancianos, estudiantes y representantes del poder público de la ciudad. En cuanto resultados, se identificó que las estrategias en Terapia Ocupacional en desarrollo local facilitaron la participación de los adultos mayores en actividades en el espacio público de la villa, permitiendo mayor sentido de comunidad.Se concluyó que las estrategias creadas funcionaron como facilitadoras para la creación de un espacio público para el debate y la acción participativa en ocupaciones colectivas, atribuyendo sentidos de comunidad como capital social colectivo.
Palabras claves: Capital social; Comunidad; Desarrollo local; Ocupaciones colectivas; Terapia ocupacional.