bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Green Human Resource Management Practices in Kenya
Authors: Chemjor Edwin
Published: February 2025

A number of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), if well implemented, will lead to green economies and societies.  The workplace offers a first-hand ground for the implementation of green HRM practices supporting the attainment of green economies and societies. The desire of every organization to excel in business and achieve its long-term strategic goals cannot be underestimated. Nevertheless, there is need for organizations to balance between profits and the SDGs goals. Organizations are fast realizing that taking their environmental impact seriously is beneficial not just for the outer environment but also for their businesses. The objective of the study was to assess the extent green HRM practices applied in the work places; and to find out the influence of green practices on the management of human resources in selected institutions in Kenya. The study adopted desktop research design involving document analysis from selected practice sectors where studies on the practice of green human resource and sustainability have been undertaken. This involved document analysis of Ministry of Environment, Acts of Parliament, Kenya Green University Network (KGUN) and other institutions that underpin the extent of Green HRM practice implementation in Kenya. The platform of HRM, as the central function of any organization therefore, comes in handy towards the realization of both business desires and Sustainable Development Goals. A number of previous studies indicate that the focus on specific SDGs goals relevant to organizational contexts, have led to a reduction in costs, improved performance, enhanced job satisfaction, high retention levels and a more pleasant working environment. Greening Human Resource Management practices remain a new concept in Kenya because majority of organizations have not yet put it in practice despite the crucial effects it has on the quality of the work environment and service delivery.  Although efforts to actualize it in public and private institutions are in place, such institutions have not realized their intentions.  Owing to the few efforts observed on the appreciation of GHRM practice, there is need to lay more focus in the area and take advantage of the opportunities that come with it through training on and demystifying the practices.
The Effects of Monitoring of Service Delivery of National Cereals and Produce Board in Kitale
Authors: Simiyu Judith , Egessa R. W. , Byaruhanga J
Published: February 2025

Many corporate organizations develop projects with the objective of improving service delivery aimed at improving standards of living. Resources are allocated to these organizations and it is important to get value for these inputs. Organizations may have good plans for monitoring practice and for effectiveness of information and projects. The practice aims at comparing the way things are actually done against the original plan. State corporations may have good monitoring intents but the extent to which the practice is successfully implemented influences service delivery. The study sought to establish the effect of monitoring on service delivery of state corporations, specifically, National Cereals and Produce Board, Kitale. Studies have been conducted on factors influencing performance of monitoring and evaluation systems of non-governmental organizations, however, little information was available on monitoring practice and service delivery of such state corporations. Theory of change guided the study, and used descriptive survey design was employed. Data was collected from managers, supervisors and employees. The sample was selected through stratified, simple random technique. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Self-administered structured questionnaires and interview guides were used. The instruments were tested for reliability and validity. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics of simple regression coefficient analysis. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis and presented in form of tables. Regression value indicated that monitoring practice was statistically significant and therefore influenced service delivery. The study recommends adoption of monitoring practice in order to ensure that there is improved service delivery.
Effective Methods for Community Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion in the Developing World: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nzioki Japeth Mativo , Korir Agnes
Published: February 2025

World Health Organization data on the burden of disease shows that approximately 3.1% of deaths (1.7 million) and 3.7% (54.2 million) of disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs) worldwide are attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. In Africa and developing countries in South East Asia 4 - 8% of all disease burdens are attributable to poor hygiene and sanitation. Over 99.8% of all deaths in developing world are attributable to the same factors and 90% are deaths of children under five years. Studies have shown that more than 2 billion people lack access to adequate sanitation and hygiene and increased access to sanitation and better hygienic practices have significant positive health and other impacts. The aim of this study was to search, document and provide a synthesis of effective methods used in promoting   hygiene and sanitation in communities across the developing world. This was a scoping review. A total of 42 evaluation surveys were reviewed. Data was collected from 8 out of 42 papers which met the inclusion criteria to be considered into the dataset.   Results indicated that social mobilization and community participation methods which include; Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) are effective methods in promoting community hygiene and sanitation. Though Children's Hygiene and Sanitation Training (CHAST) and Sanitation marketing have been implemented to improve hygiene and sanitation, currently no evaluation studies have been conducted to evaluate effectiveness of these approaches. To achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all, and to end open defecation and reduce burden of diarrheal diseases by the year 2030 (Target 6.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals), governments and development agencies working in the developing world need to fast track adoption and scaling up of CLTS and PHAST. CHAST and sanitation marketing strategies should also be embraced because they are grounded on sound scientific principles and have potential to improve hygiene and sanitation. However, there is need to carry out evaluation surveys to measure their effectiveness in improving sanitation and hygiene in the developing world.
Active Learning in Institutions of Higher Learning
Authors: Chelagat Abigael , Wanami Simon
Published: February 2025

In this era of improved technology and internet connectivity, learners in institutions of higher learning are bound to be affected both positively and negatively in terms of knowledge acquisition. For instance, on the positive aspect, they are able to interact with learning materials from all over the world and other learners within a very short period of time. Contrary to this, if the instructor does not engage the learners, he/she is bound to lose them because they drift away from the lesson and engage with peers and other activities through the use of their smart phones. Also, they may fail to attend the said lectures simply because in most cases, they are usually left out in the learning process as they do not assume an active role. Hence, this paper focuses on the use of active learning in higher learning institutions where it adopted a review of existing literature. Some fundamental elements used together with this approach include cooperative, collaborative and problem-based learning. Specifically, active learning has been defined giving relevant examples; theoretic foundation used on active learning, the importance of using active learning, active learning strategies/techniques and finally, the challenges of using active learning in institutions of higher learning. To be able to attain students learning outcomes (SLO) within the higher learning institutions, instructors (lecturers) should incorporate the use of active learning approaches which have a capability of making the learning process fruitful.
The Impact of Value Chain Data on Women Rabbit Farmers in Kilifi County, Kenya
Authors: Bozo Bozo Jenje
Published: February 2025

In the 50 year -African Union Strategic Plan of the Agenda 2063, the "Africa We Want", goal 3 of the Aspiration 1 on the prosperity of Africa emphasizes citizens' healthy and well -nourished persons in Africa. To align with the agenda, governments are working to provide supporting environment to avert food insecurity among women. To bridge the gap and the zero hunger goal, an assessment of value chain data on women rabbit producers is in line with Kenya Vision 2030 is important. The study in Kilifi County is aimed at finding out the impact of value chain data on women rabbit producers. The research design employed was quantitative and the sampling techniques were convenience and snowball. The mode of data collection was through structured questionnaires issued to the women rabbit producers by the Research Assistants. The respondents were drawn from a representative sample of 63 women rabbit farmers with at least 5 to 10 rabbits, in the 7 Sub-Counties of Kilifi County including Kaloleni, Ganze, Rabai, Malindi, Kilifi North, Kilifi South and Magarini. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) to obtain descriptive statistics and percentages that are presented in tables and charts for interpretation. The findings revealed that women rabbit producers had relationships with veterinary services at 24.4%, Agricultural extension officers at 15.6%, feed stockiest at 13.3%. On food security and nutrition, 22.2% acknowledged that rabbit meat contributed to food security, 17.8% agreed that earning were obtained from sales of rabbit products, 37.8% affirmed that there was improved dietary. In regard to empowerment at household levels 89% agreed since they earned between KShs.500 to Kshs.30,000 in a month. Moreover, the study recommends that there is need to identify information that can be aggregated to assist women rabbit producers to be food and economic secure. Finally, the producers need to be facilitated to adopt best practices on precision rabbit farming to improve their operation efficiency and strengthen the value chain linkages for growth.
Eradicating Cuscuta Invasive Killer Weeds for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Mburia Lydia Nyawira
Published: February 2025

Cuscuta also referred to as (dodder) belongs to a genus of more than 200 species of obligate aerial parasitic plants in the morning glory family Convolvulaceae. Cuscuta is an invasive killer weed which adversely affects fruit set, and yields and it robs all food from another organism's through its parasitic nature. The organism that is being robbed of its food supply is called the host. Cuscuta invasive killer weed strangles the host plant and is also implicated in the transmission of certain plant bacterial and viral diseases. It is ferociously troublesome where it is sown as a seed contaminant. It is worth noting that, Cuscuta invasive killer weeds is a true vegetal vampire due to its fine stems that stick to its victims hence creating a stranglehold by literally sucking the sap until it kills the plant host. Parasitic plant in particular the Cuscuta weeds, have been described as keystone species by environmentalists. The research objective of this study was to eradicate Cuscuta invasive killer weeds for environmental sustainability. The researcher embarked on a quest on how to get rid of dodder for the small, medium and large scale crop growers and engaged stakeholders such as KEFRI, KEPHIS, and NEMA in developing environmentally friendly mechanisms to exterminate the Cuscuta. Cultural, physical/mechanical biological means of exterminating Cuscuta invasive killer weeds are considered environmentally safe and friendly. Farmers are advised to hand uproot scattered Cuscuta invasive killer weeds.
Response Surface Optimized Removal of Reactive Red HE3b from an Aqueous Solution using Pyrolytically Biochar Derive from Euclea Divinorum Waste Biomass
Authors: Odero Mark P , Manyim Scolastica , Omara Timothy
Published: February 2025

One of the major environmental concerns in the 21st century textile industries, is the removal of waste dyes from textile effluents due to the fact that they have been scientifically proven to be harmful, persistent and allergy inducing. Where-as most modern remediation techniques are expensive and selective making them out of reach for most third world nations, the use of agricultural wastes as alternative low-cost adsorbents has been on the rise majorly because of their availability, ease of preparation and non-selectivity where one set of adsorbent can be used for the remediation of several dyes. Biochar and activated carbon derived from these wastes are the most common forms of adsorbents from agricultural wastes because they are efficient, cheap and easy to make. In this study, wastes from the extraction process of the natural dyeing plant Euclea divinorum, were developed into pyrolytically derived biochar at 400 °C and subsequently used for the effective removal of the synthetic azo dye, reactive red HE3b. A 24 central composite response surface method was developed and used to examine the effects of adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration and agitation speed on the adsorption of the dye in the process giving the optimum adsorption conditions. The optimum conditions from the study, were an adsorbent dosage of 0.05g, temperature 45°C, an initial concentration of 1.0 ppm and an agitation speed of 300 rpm. These, gave a percentage removal of 84.71% predicted against 84.89 % experimental, signifying the accuracy of the model and the potential adsorptive properties of the biochar. This study therefore, provided for a cheap and available alternative adsorbent for the removal of reactive red HE3b.
Secretarial Skills and the Challenges of Youth Unemployment in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Oduntan Olukayode Olalekan , Oriola David Abiodun , Ajao Joseph Ade
Published: February 2025

The issues of unemployment in Nigeria have become a source of concern to collective authority and citizens in general. The study examined secretarial skills and the challenges of youth unemployment in Ogun State, Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. A total of 278 undergraduates of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Tai Solarin University of Education, F ederal Polytechnic Ilaro and Abiola Moshood Polytechnic represented the sample size of the study. Researchers developed questionnaire tagged: Secretarial Skills and Youth Unemployment Questionnaire (SSYUQ) with 0.84 reliability coefficient which was used for data collection. Research questions 1 and 2 were answered using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation while research question 3 was answered through multiple regression analysis. The findings of the study revealed that there are significant predictors causing youth unemployment in Ogun State which include high rate of graduates' turnout, lack of employability skills, lack of selfreliance skills, inadequate of entrepreneurial skills, collapse of manufacturing industries, unstable electricity supply and lopsided curriculum design and implementation. Possession of secretarial skills such as communication, analytical/research, flexibility/adaptability/managing multiple priorities, multicultural sensitivity/awareness, planning/organizing, result-driven, problem-solving/reasoning/creativity, interpersonal, innovation, self-improvement and information and communication technology skills could help an individual in solving the challenges of unemployment in Ogun State and that about 66% of the va riance in youth unemployment was accounted for by the linear combination of the secretarial skills. The study recommends among other things that the government and management of tertiary institutions in Ogun State should provide more funds to the department of Secretarial Administration or Business Education in order to provide better working condition for the staff and the needed materials for instruction delivery. More of the secretarial administration instruction should be based on practical aspect as this will better open eyes of the students towards the benefits of the programm e for solving youth unemployment.
The Effects of Food Prices on Dietary Intake of Pre-Primary Children in Low Income Peri-Urban Households in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Wahu Jane , Mugalava Violet
Published: February 2025

Unpredictable fluctuations in food prices have direct impact on household's income, which negatively affect dietary intake while raising the risk of malnutrition. The objective of the study was to determine the food price effects on dietary intake of pre-primary children in low-income peri- urban households in Eldoret municipality. A descriptive survey was used with a sample size of 399 low-income households. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from caregivers. Majority of the respondents, 282 (70.6%) were married. About 279(69.9%) had tertiary level education. Most (140(35.2%)) of the households had a monthly wage above Kenya Shillings (KShs) 21000, KShs 16000-20000 at 103(25.8%) with only 15(3.7%) having wage of KShs 1000 to 5000. Majority of households 257(64.6%) had more than 4 members. About 332(83.2%) of the households consumed 3 meals a day. Only 174 (43.6%) of the households consumed snacks during the day. Over half of the respondents, 334 (83.60%) had made major changes in their dietary intake over the past one year. Majority 375 (94.3%) significantly increased intake of staple foods while reducing the number of meals taken a day 280 (70.2%) as a result of increased food prices. Household head unemployment, increased household expenditure and decline in food supplies from friends and relatives all indicated a statistically significant association with the quality of dietary intake (p-value=0.00). Linear logistic regression analysis showed that change in the food price negatively affected the dietary intake at p=0.446. Furthermore, decrease in food supplies from friends and relatives led to decrea sed quality and adequacy of diet taken by the households and vice versa (p-value<0.05). From the findings, food prices affected the dietary intake of pre-primary children in low-income households. The study recommends that the government should cushion the populace against hunger by giving money monthly to low income and vulnerable household to enable them meet their dietary needs. It should also enforce existing policies that protect consumers against unpredictable food price spikes in the country.
PREVALENCE OF COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME AMONG BANK EMPLOYEES
Authors: Munir Hamza , Ullah Aman , Junaid Natasha , Afridi Muhammad Imtiaz , Ali Kashif , Khan Shakir Ullah
Published: February 2025

Background: the importance of computer can’t be ignored, but when it comes to banking business it becomes the norm and core component of the system. Long terms exposure to computer screen is also unhealthy for the eye. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) and its associated factors in bank employees of Peshawar City. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted in different areas of Peshawar city. The study population was the bank employees working on commuter. Using multistage approach 289 participants were recruited for this study. The data collection tool was a comprehensive adapted questionnaire and data were analyses on SPSS-24. Comparison was made for assessing the association between time exposure and occurrence of CVS. Chi-square test was applied to see any significant association between the assessed parameters. Results: Result were based on a sample of 289 bank workers (Mean age 32.72±7.02 years) out of whom 266 (92.0%) were male and 23 (8.0%) were female. The apparent diagnosed eye diseases were found in 24.2% of employees while CVS was found in 77.2%. However, most of them had simple adverse symptoms associated with eye health which may probably be due to over exposure to computer screen. These symptoms included eye strain, pain, headache (68.9%), blurriness (67.5%), dryness (49.1%), blinking (46.7%), redness and irritations (44.3%). Conclusion: The prevalence of diagnosed eye diseases was high while CVS was positive in 77.2% for at least one symptom.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(4):60-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v20i4.1698
AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN E ON CARBAMAZEPINE INDUCED HEPATIC TOXICITY IN MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS
Authors: Basharat Ali Asma , Noor Sabeela , Younus Nadia , Mukhtar Sahrish , Zufishan Shayan , Atif Alina
Published: February 2025

Background: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is prescribed for various neurological and psychiatric disorders. While its therapeutic efficacy is well-established, concerns about hepatotoxicity have arisen due to liver enzyme abnormalities and rare cases of severe liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigates protective effects of Vitamin E against carbamazepine-induced hepatotoxicity via liver enzyme analysis in male Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Fifty-four male albino Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into Groups A, B, and C. Each group was further split into three subgroups of six, based on treatment duration (2, 4, and 6 weeks). Group A served as the control group. Group B received Carbamazepine (50 mg/Kg) via gastric gavage for 2, 4, or 6 weeks. Group C received Vitamin E (200 mg/Kg/day) along with CBZ for the same periods. After the respective treatment durations, the animals were weighed and sacrificed, and blood was collected via cardiac puncture for liver enzyme analysis. Results: Carbamazepine caused hepatotoxicity, evidenced by decreased body weight, increased liver weight, and elevated ALT, ALP, and GGT levels compared to controls. Co-administration of Vitamin E significantly reduced body weight loss, liver weight gain, and the rise in liver enzymes. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest the potential protective role of Vitamin E against CBZ-induced hepatotoxicity in rat model. Vitamin E may aid in protecting the adverse reactions of CBZ as an adjuvant therapy.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(4):56-9, Doi: https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v20i4.1721
EXPLORING BETULINIC ACID: A PROMISING THERAPY FOR ASTHMA IN MALE MICE
Authors: Khan Sher Afghan , Nawaz Qadeer , Tahir Muhammad , Ahmed Sameer , Khan Muhammad Junaid , Zaman Saqib
Published: February 2025

Background: Betulinic acid (BA) has been proven to contain diverse functions such as anti-cancer effects, anti-HIV, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-helminthic, and other pharmaceutical properties. The objective of this study was to assess the immunomodulatory effects of BA on ovalbumin induced airway inflammation in male mice. Methods: Forty healthy BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group I served as normal control (NC) group. Group II as asthmatic control (AC) group and was sensitized intraperitoneally (IP) with ovalbumin (OVA) at day 0 and challenged at day 14 respectively and from day 15 to 21 was challenged intranasally (I/N) for one week. Group III were treated with OVA (I/N) and concomitantly BA at 5 mg/Kg body weight was given orally, and Group IV were treated with OVA (I/N) and concomitantly dexamethasone (DEX) 2 mg/Kg body weight was given orally for 7 days. Terminal sampling at day 22 was performed for blood TLC and DLC and lung tissue sampling for interleukin 4 by mRNA expression. Results: Betulinic acid significantly lowered both the differential cell count of blood and the mRNA expression of IL-4 in asthmatic model of mice. Conclusion: Betulinic acid manifested similar results when compared to DEX in lowering the pro-inflammatory markers.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(4):40-3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v20i4.1725
The Impact of Technology Readiness, Usefulness, and Ease of Use on AI-Based Accounting Software Adoption
Authors: Dwianto Agus , Nur Rahman Arif , Itsnaini Ulynnuha Ovi , Anam Khoirul , Mohammed Sultan Saif Gehad
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aims to examine the impact of technology readiness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use on the adoption of AI-based accounting software among undergraduate accounting students in Indonesia.Methods: This study utilized quantitative research methodology and associative design to survey 359 accounting students from the Faculty of Business and Economics at several universities in Indonesia. A total of 247 participants were selected through purposive sampling. SEM-PLS was used to evaluate the data, which was collected through an online questionnaire and SmartPLS 3.0 software.Findings: The results indicate that technology readiness did not significantly influence technology adoption. However, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had strong positive effects. Specifically, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use significantly predicted technology adoption, emphasizing the importance of these factors in students' willingness to adopt AI-based accounting software.Novelty: This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the determinants of AI technology adoption in the context of accounting education, particularly in a developing country setting.Theory and Policy Implications: The results indicate that perceived benefits and simplicity of use are important factors in technology adoption, supporting the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Educational institutions should prioritize improving the perceived utility and user-friendliness of AI technologies by implementing tailored training programs and intuitive interfaces. This will promote greater acceptance and utilization of these technologies among students.
Theatre as a Reflection of Social Change: How Dramatic Arts Capture Cultural Shifts and Historical Transformations
Authors: Gulkhara Ahmadova , Farzaliyeva Elza
Published: February 2025

Theatre has historically functioned as a reflection of society, encapsulating cultural changes, historical developments, and social turmoil. Theatre, from ancient Greek tragedies to modern digital performances, has mirrored political conflicts, economic hardships, and the perspectives of excluded groups. This study examines the evolution of theatre as a medium for social commentary, resistance, and education. It analyzes significant historical events, such as the Theatre of the Oppressed, revolutionary play, and postcolonial theatre, emphasizing their influence on political movements and cultural identity. The function of theatre during crises—such as warfare, economic turmoil, and pandemics—is examined to illustrate its durability as a medium for social involvement and transformation. The emergence of digital theatre and immersive storytelling enables theatre to evolve, influencing public conversation and promoting societal consciousness. This study highlights the persistent importance of theatre in recording and shaping societal change.
Gamification and AI in Language Learning – A New Era of Digital Education
Authors: Salmanova Shehla
Published: February 2025

The integration of AI-driven gamification in language learning has revolutionized traditional teaching methods by enhancing engagement, motivation, and adaptive learning experiences. Through game-based mechanics, real-time feedback, and AI-powered personalization, learners can interact with language dynamically, reinforcing their skills through immersive and interactive digital environments. This paper explores both the benefits and challenges of AI-powered gamification in foreign language education. While AI improves personalized learning paths, motivation through rewards, and accessibility through adaptive feedback, concerns remain regarding cognitive overload, lack of linguistic authenticity, and over-reliance on AI tools over human interaction. Additionally, ethical considerations such as data privacy, bias in AI algorithms, and the risk of commercializing education must be addressed. The study argues that AI-driven gamification should be implemented as a complementary tool rather than a replacement for human instruction, ensuring that learners receive both technological support and human-guided language practice. A balanced approach, where AI and human educators work in tandem, will allow for a more effective and well-rounded language learning experience, combining the efficiency of AI with the cultural depth and emotional intelligence of human interaction.
'El uso del análisis coste-beneficio en la estimación de la posibilidad de rescate de las autopistas
Authors:   Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Castellanos Maduell Albert , López Casasnovas Guillem ,   Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Published: February 2025

En este trabajo se propone el uso del análisis coste-beneficio para estimar la rentabilidad social de un hipotético rescate del peaje de las autopistas en Cataluña. El análisis, que parte de los flujos de tráfico en la red viaria catalana en 2001 y de las simulaciones en años posteriores, pretende sistematizar y cuantificar todos los costes y beneficios diferenciales de transformar las autopistas de peaje directo en peaje indirecto 'financiación pública'. Los resultados, sometidos a un análisis de sensibilidad, sugieren que es una medida socialmente rentable y que podría ser presupuestariamente sostenible en función del tráfico inducido.
La Política de Defensa de la competencia: objetivos, fundamentos y marco institucional
Authors:   Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores, Segura Sánchez Julio
Published: February 2025

Este artículo justifica la importancia de la Política de Defensa de la competencia (PDC) y explica cómo han ido mejorando sus fundamentos analíticos, desde el paradigma inicial estructura-conducta- resultados hasta la nueva economía industrial. En particular, se analizan tres áreas 'las fusiones horizontales, las prácticas colusivas y las restricciones verticales' relacionando los desarrollos analíticos con el cambio en los criterios seguidos por la PDC. Por último, se sintetizan los aspectos relativos al diseño institucional de los organismos de Defensa de la competencia haciendo referencia al Decreto de creación del Tribunal Vasco de Defensa de la Competencia.
Razón de ser del Derecho de la competencia y misiones encomendadas a sus autoridades
Authors:   Comité de la Competencia, Jenny Frédéric
Published: February 2025

El Derecho de la competencia se configura como un instrumento dirigido a garantizar la asignación óptima de los recursos en beneficio de las empresas y de los consumidores. Actúa como factor del desarrollo económico, al prohibir conductas cuyo objetivo es aumentar los precios o frenar la innovación, bien a través de una explotación abusiva que incide negativamente en la relación calidad-precio de un producto, o bien a través de prácticas de exclusión que impiden a nuevos competidores penetrar en un determinado mercado. En mercados locales, los efectos de estas prácticas anticompetitivas, a menudo, perjudican a pequeñas o medianas empresas que deben invocar el Derecho de la Competencia para defender sus intereses. A las autoridades de la competencia les incumbe la misión de hacer una aplicación previsible y comprensible de este Derecho.
El sistema de control de concentraciones en la Unión Europea
Authors:   Uría Menéndez Abogados, Engra Moreno José Carlos , Rodríguez Encina Ana ,   Uría Menéndez Abogados
Published: February 2025

La adopción del Reglamento (CE) 139/2004 ha supuesto una importante reforma del sistema comunitario de control de concentraciones con el objeto de mejorar el análisis de los efectos que este tipo de operaciones pueden tener sobre la competencia. La entrada en vigor del nuevo Reglamento ha ido acompañada de la aprobación de diversas normas adicionales de desarrollo, lo que ha supuesto en la práctica una revisión integral del marco normativo aplicable a las operaciones de concentración entre empresas. El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar las novedades más significativas introducidas a este respecto, haciendo especial referencia a los cambios introducidos en los ámbitos material, jurisdiccional y procesal del nuevo sistema comunitario de control de concentraciones.
La Defensa de la competencia en España: evaluación del modelo actual ante el reto de la modernización en la Unión Europea
Authors:   Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia, Guerra Fernández Antonio
Published: February 2025

La Defensa de la competencia en España afronta una reforma integral de su normativa que persigue dotar al modelo de mayores niveles de eficacia, eficiencia e independencia. Partiendo del reconocimiento de la necesidad de emprender esta reforma el autor considera que para que tenga éxito es fundamental hacer un correcto balance de las fortalezas y debilidades mostradas por el sistema vigente, así como identificar correctamente los retos planteados por el proceso de descentralización iniciado en la Unión Europea mediante la promulgación del Reglamento 1/2003.
Repercusiones del control de las ayudas públicas en el País Vasco
Authors:   Tribunal Vasco de Defensa de la Competencia, Crucelegui Gárate Juan Luis
Published: February 2025

Las administraciones vascas han debido adaptar sus políticas de apoyo al entorno empresarial para adecuarlas a las directrices marcadas por la Comisión Europea. Sin embargo, la auténtica pesadilla que se ha generado en este ámbito afecta al Concierto Económico Vasco y, en particular, a la capacidad normativa de las diputaciones forales en el terreno de la fiscalidad directa. La causa no proviene de Bruselas, sino de una aplicación poco ortodoxa de las reglas del Tratado por parte del Tribunal Supremo.
Las normas fiscales vascas y el Derecho europeo de la competencia
Authors:   Hacienda Foral de Bizkaia, Alonso Arce Iñaki
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo plantea los principales puntos de fricción entre las normas comunitarias sobre Derecho de la competencia fundamentadas en los principios establecidos en el Tratado de la Unión Europea, específicamente la normativa comunitaria sobre ayudas estatales y la capacidad normativa que el Concierto Económico reconoce a los Territorios Históricos vascos en materia de Impuesto sobre Sociedades, puestos de relieve por la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 9 de diciembre de 2004. Después de repasar la historia de las complejas relaciones entre Concierto Económico y Derecho europeo, se hace un profundo análisis de la doctrina sobre ayudas de Estado y, a partir de la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de 6 de septiembre de 2006 y las conclusiones del Abogado General Sr. Geelhoed en el asunto «Azores», se razona cuál debe ser el marco de entendimiento que el Derecho europeo de la competencia impone a la capacidad fiscal de los Territorios Históricos.
'Descentralización y financiación sanitaria en España: consideraciones para su reforma
Authors:   Universidad de Cantabria, Cantarero Prieto David
Published: February 2025

Este trabajo analiza la experiencia del modelo actual de financiación sanitaria en España desde una perspectiva comparada. En este marco, se estudian tanto los avances conseguidos en términos de mayor corresponsabilidad fiscal al haber integrado la sanidad en la financiación autonómica general como el diseño de mecanismos de garantías. Asimismo, a continuación se hace un balance de los retos pendientes bajo este sistema actual y de sus posibles vías de mejora. Por último, tras algunos comentarios y observaciones, se cierra el trabajo con un apartado de consideraciones finales.
El proceso de creación de empresas basadas en el conocimiento en América Latina: una visión comparada
Authors:   Universidad Nacional del General Sarmiento (Buenos Aires, Argentina), Kantis Hugo , Angelelli Pablo ,   Banco Inter-Americano de Desarrollo)
Published: February 2025

Existen evidencias de que la creación de empresas basadas en el conocimiento puede ser capaz de ayudar al enriquecimiento y la diversificación de las estructuras productivas de la región y a elevar la productividad media de la economía. De todas formas no hay estudios que expliquen los factores subyacentes en el proceso de forjar emprendedores y crear empresas innovadoras. En este trabajo se investiga el proceso de surgimiento y desarrollo inicial de nuevas empresas dinámicas basadas en el conocimiento en siete países de América Latina. El estudio determina el perfil básico de los empresarios y las características de sus negocios, los obstáculos y las restricciones al surgimiento de estas empresas, e identifica los factores clave de una estrategia para promover este tipo de empresas comparándolos con los de empresas convencionales.
Identificación y análisis dinámico del impacto de los documentos más citados en la investigación sobre la creación de empresas
Authors:   Universidad de Cádiz, Ramos Rodríguez Antonio Rafael , Ruiz Navarro José ,   Universidad de Cádiz
Published: February 2025

La disciplina que estudia la función empresarial (entrepreneurship, actividad emprendedora) se ha convertido en una de las más populares dentro de la dirección y administración de empresas. Al mismo tiempo, y como consecuencia de su naturaleza multidisciplinar, no existe consenso académico ni sobre su propia definición, su contenido teórico o su base de conocimiento. Como consecuencia de lo anterior aparece una corriente de investigación cuyo objeto de estudio es precisamente esta disciplina. El objetivo de la presente investigación es obtener una visión general de la investigación en actividad emprendedora, identificando los trabajos más influyentes y valorando los cambios de su base de conocimiento. Para ello se utilizan indicadores bibliométricos, concretamente la técnica de análisis de citas de documentos, que los investigadores han usado al elaborar su investigación.
'Cambios estructurales en las series de comercio exterior español, 1960-1997
Authors:   Universidad de Zaragoza, Gracia Andía Ana Belén , Sanz Villarroya Isabel ,   Universidad de Zaragoza
Published: February 2025

El artículo destaca la singularidad del periodo posterior a 1986 a través de un análisis de rupturas estructurales aplicado a los flujos de exportación e importación españoles de los últimos cuatro decenios. El trabajo confirma la existencia de una nueva etapa en el comercio exterior de España a partir de la adhesión a las Comunidades Europeas, debido sobre todo al cambio de tendencia experimentado por la vertiente importadora. En el lado exportador, el efecto de la integración se retrasará unos años, hasta el bienio de las devaluaciones 1992-1993, a causa de la grave pérdida de competitividad que sufre la economía española a lo largo de la segunda mitad de los ochenta.
La competitividad exterior de las pymes y las grandes empresas industriales españolas
Authors:   Universidad de Lleída, Salas Ríos Mercè , Torres Solé Teresa ,   Universidad de Lleída
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar, mediante la técnica multicriterio, cómo ha evolucionado la competitividad de los sectores de la industria manufacturera española en el periodo 1991-2001. El análisis se realiza diferenciando entre pymes y grandes empresas y no se focaliza en la competitividad- precio, sino que adopta un enfoque más amplio en el que se incorporan aspectos estructurales. Los resultados permiten afirmar en primer lugar, que en la década de estudio, no se han producido cambios de gran envergadura en los perfiles competitivos de los sectores industriales españoles. En segundo lugar, que los perfiles competitivos difieren según hablemos de pymes o grandes empresas. Y en tercer lugar, que uno de los factores que siguen siendo más determinantes de la posición competitiva de los sectores industriales es la innovación.
Efectos de la política fiscal a la inversión en actividades de I+D de las empresas manufactureras españolas
Authors:   Universidad de Vigo, Marra Domínguez Ángeles
Published: February 2025

Este trabajo especifica y estima un modelo econométrico que analiza los efectos de los incentivos fiscales a la inversión en I+D de una muestra de empresas manufactureras españolas innovadoras durante el periodo 1991-1999. Las estimaciones realizadas aportan evidencia de que los incentivos fiscales, tanto en la base imponible (libertad de amortización) como en la cuota (crédito fiscal), han sido un instrumento eficaz para estimular la demanda de inversión en I+D: se ha obtenido una elasticidad precio de la demanda de inversión en I+D próxima a la unidad. Aporta además evidencia de que las empresas analizadas responden en mayor medida a cambios en la tasa de amortización fiscal que ante modificaciones en el crédito fiscal a la inversión en I+D.
AVALIAÇÃO E COMPARAÇÃO DO EQUILÍBRIO EM INDIVÍDUOS COM AMPUTAÇÕES TRANSTIBIAIS POR CAUSAS VASCULARES E TRAUMÁTICAS.
Authors: Felismino Maria Fernanda Mendes , Paula Isabela Corrêa de , Brandão Patrícia de Morais Ferreira , Tarnhovi Evandro Gonzalez
Published: February 2025

A amputação é um procedimento comum em casos de doenças vasculares, como o diabetes, ou em traumatismos, afetando significativamente a qualidade de vida e o equilíbrio dos indivíduos. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, a qualidade de vida e a percepção corporal de pessoas com amputações transtibiais de causas vasculares e traumáticas. A pesquisa incluiu 45 participantes divididos em três grupos: 15 com amputação transtibial por causas vasculares, 15 por causas traumáticas e 15 no grupo controle, sem amputação. Foram aplicados questionários sobre qualidade de vida (SF-36) e percepção corporal (ABIS), além de testes de equilíbrio dinâmico e estático (BBS, plataforma de força). Os dados foram analisados por meio de testes não-paramétricos. Os resultados mostraram que os amputados apresentaram uma qualidade de vida inferior ao grupo controle, com maiores dificuldades em capacidade funcional e saúde mental. O grupo com amputação vascular teve piores resultados no equilíbrio dinâmico quando comparado ao grupo com amputação traumática. Não houve diferenças significativas no equilíbrio estático entre os grupos, e a percepção corporal foi similar entre as duas causas de amputação. Conclui-se que indivíduos com amputação transtibial, especialmente devido a causas vasculares, enfrentam maiores desafios no equilíbrio dinâmico e na qualidade de vida. Portanto, as intervenções de reabilitação devem ser adaptadas às necessidades específicas de cada tipo de amputação, focando em aspectos como mobilidade, equilíbrio e suporte psicológico.
Genially y educaplay para el fortalecimiento de la lectura
Authors: Vera Arroyo Magaly Alexandra , Santos Ramos Yesenia Raquel , Chérrez Moreira María De Fátima
Published: February 2025

La lectura es una habilidad esencial en el proceso educativo, por ello la investigación pretende evaluar el impacto del uso de herramientas interactivas (Genially y Educaplay) en el fortalecimiento de las competencias lectoras en estudiantes de educación básica. Se aplicó un diseño cuasiexperimental con un grupo experimental y un grupo de control, utilizando un conglomerado de calificaciones de compresión lectora, y encuestas para recolectar datos antes y después de la intervención. Los resultados tras la intervención, el GC solo alcanzó una media de 7.56 en el Post-Test, sin mejoras significativas, mientras que el GE logró una media de 8.45, indicando un aumento notable en su rendimiento. Así mismo, las encuestas evidencian un aumento significativo en el interés por la lectura (53.6% muy de acuerdo) y en la confianza en las habilidades lectoras (46.4% muy de acuerdo) del GE, en comparación con el GC. Además, el 50% del GE manifestó que las actividades interactivas impactaron positivamente en su aprendizaje. Las conclusiones sugieren que la implementación de Genially y Educaplay no solo fomenta un aprendizaje más motivador y adaptativo, también refuerza las competencias lectoras de los estudiantes, por ello es necesario integrar recursos digitales en el entorno educativo.
A Study on Impact of Online Shopping Upon Retail Trade Business
Authors:   Sakthi College of Arts and Science for Women, Kaleeswari Mrs.S. , Bavanipriya Ms.T. ,   Sakthi College of Arts and Science for Women
Published: February 2025

In this study an attempt has been made to highlight the impact of the increasing trend of online shopping over the various fixed shop retailers. Retailers comprise of a large section of the population and a larger population is dependent upon these retailers. But the advent of estores with their attractive incentives and wide varieties has slapped on their face the fear of uncertainty and helplessness. This study looks into the various aspects about how retail businesses are being affected and also the various recovery mechanisms they are coming up with to counter those e-stores in their race of survival. This paper also unravels the effect upon the profitability of the various concerns due to increasing trend for online shopping. Although the periodicity of the study is less yet an effective attempt has been made to lighten the scenario along with concrete suggestions.
A Study on Consumer Preference towards Instant Food Products
Authors:   Sakthi College of Arts and Science for Women, Samundeeswari Dr. S. , Janani Ms.K. ,   Sakthi College of Arts and Science for Women
Published: February 2025

Food is the most sought after product which enjoys major share of consumer spending. The consumers of world on an average are spending one third of their income on food. This study aims to investigate consumer preferences towards instant food products, focusing on factors such as taste, price, nutritional content, packaging and brand reputation. A questionnaire was conducted with a sample of 25 respondents across various demographics, including age, income, and education level. The results reveal that taste and convenience are the most significant factors influencing consumer choices, followed by price and nutritional value. While younger consumers prioritize convenience, older consumers place more important on health and nutrition. Furthermore, the packaging and brand play a crucial role in the decision-making process, with eco-friendly packaging being preferred by a growing segment. As objective of the study to analyze consumer preferences, behavior, and factors influencing the purchase of instant food products. Tools used for study are frequency analysis, percentage analysis, and rank analysis.