bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Risks Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Seafood
Authors: Khoshnood Zahra , Khoshnood Reza
Published: November 2013

Fish is an excellent, low-fat source of protein and provides many benefits, such as contributing to low blood cholesterol. Heavy metals are increasingly being released into natural waters from geological and anthropogenic sources. Due to the rapid development of agriculture and industry, and a historical lack of enforcement of regulations, the study areas have become contaminated by metals, especially cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) which has been emitted into the environment through atmospheric deposition, solid-waste emissions, sludge applications, and irrigations with wastewater.

The health risks posed to the local inhabitants by exposure to Pb and Cd in two coastal regions of Iran through the consumption of contaminated fish were investigated, based on estimated target hazard quotients (THQs). The results showed that THQ values are less than 1 for both adults and children by either group consuming fish alone.

The distribution of several heavy metals (Cd and Pb) was investigated in muscle and liver in six different fish species seasonally collected in the Persian Gulf (autumn 2008 - summer 2009). The concentrations of all metals were lower in flesh than those recorded in liver due to their physiological roles. The THQ index for fish was calculated. Estimation of target hazard quotients calculations for the contaminated fish consumption was calculated to evaluate the effect of pollution on human health. Total metal THQs values (Pb and Cd) for adults were 0.05 and 0.04 in Bushehr and Bandar-Genaveh, respectively, and for children was 0.08 and 0.05 in Bushehr and Bandar-Genaveh, respectively.

The dietary intake of Pb estimated for the inhabitants in this area is far below the limit considered tolerable. The Cd intake through the consumption of fish is also less than the limit of daily dietary intake considered tolerable by FAO/WHO.
Evaluation of the sliding performance of polyamide, poly-oxy-methylene and their composites
Authors: Unal Huseyin , Ozsoy Iskender , Mimaroglu Abdullah
Published: November 2013

The friction and wear performance of cast polyamide, unfilled poly-oxy-methylene, 10 wt.% graphite filled polyamide 6, 10 wt.% graphite filled poly-oxy-methylene, and 10 wt.% graphite plus 6% wax filled polyamide 6 sliding against stainless steel under dry sliding conditions were studied. The aim was to evaluate the tribological behavior of the above materials which enables suggesting alternative material for costly cast polyamide polymer in industrial applications. Tribological tests were carried out using a pin-on-disk arrangement at a sliding speed of 0.5–2.0 m s−1 and under applied loads of 50 to 150 N. The results showed that the friction coefficient of the tested materials decreases with the increase in applied load as well as with the decrease in sliding speed values. Furthermore, the lowest wear rate is 2.24−15 m2 N−1 for 10 wt.% graphite filled polyamide 6 composite. This suggests its use instead of cast polyamide polymer. Finally, it is concluded that the wear mechanism includes transfer film and deformation.
Martensite–austenite transformation kinetics of high Cr ferritic heat-resistant steel
Authors: Ma Qiujia , Shao Yi , Liu Yongchang , Gao Zhiming , Yu Liming
Published: November 2013

The isochronal transformation behavior from martensite (α′) to austenite (γ) of modified high Cr ferritic heat-resistant steel was analyzed using the kinetic information extracted from differential thermal analysis results. The thus obtained α′→γ transformation kinetic process has been described by a JMAK-like model including three overlapping processes: site saturation nucleation, diffusion-controlled growth, and impingement correction for random distribution of nuclei. It is found that both the diffusion of alloying components and the inhibition of carbide precipitates strongly affect the α′→γ transformation kinetic processes. The α′→γ transformation (at relatively low heating rates) is of diffusion-controlled nature, and the obstruction of carbides during the migration of the α′/γ interface leads to a decrease in the pre-exponential factor of diffusion coefficient.
Effect of rare earth Y addition on two-phase Ni53Mn22Co6Ga19 high-temperature shape memory alloy
Authors: Jiao Xinquan , Yang Shuiyuan , Su Yu
Published: November 2013

The microstructures, martensitic transformation, mechanical and shape memory properties of (Ni53Mn22Co6Ga19)100–xY
x
(x = 0, 0.1, 0.3) high-temperature shape memory alloys were investigated. It was found that small Y addition results in the refinement of grain size and the increase of γ phase volume fraction. These changes can effectively improve the tensile ductility and fracture strength of two-phase Ni53Mn22Co6-Ga19 alloy, up to the maximum values of 10.1 % and 592 MPa respectively at x = 0.1. However, it is proposed that Y(Ni, Mn)4Ga precipitate forms in the alloys with the addition of Y, and its amount increases with further increasing Y addition. The growth of the Y(Ni, Mn)4Ga precipitate results in a decrease in the tensile ductility at x = 0.3. Results further show that shape memory properties of the studied alloys are closely related to the refinement of grain size and the alloy yield strength. While adding 0.1 at.% of Y, the shape memory effect and recovery rate decrease, resulting from the refinement of grain size, compared to those of two-phase Ni53Mn22Co6Ga19 alloy. Subsequently they increase with further increasing Y content to 0.3 at.% due to the decrease in the alloy yield strength.
Thermal treatment induced transition from Zn3(OH)2(BDC)2 (MOF-69c) to Zn4O(BDC)3 (MOF-5)
Authors: Ren Jianwei , Rogers Dave E. C. , Segakweng Tshiamo , Langmi Henrietta W. , North Brian C. , Mathe Mkhulu , Bessarabov Dmitri
Published: November 2013

A simple thermal treatment induced transition from Zn3(OH)2(BDC)2 (MOF-69c) to Zn4O(BDC)3 (MOF-5) is reported. Phase crystallinity, pore characteristics and hydrogen storage capacities of the resulting crystals were investigated. It is shown that the structural transition from Zn3(OH)2(BDC)2 (MOF-69c) to Zn4O(BDC)3 (MOF-5) could be induced by simply employing the optimal thermal treatment conditions of 200 °C for 48 h in open air. The resultant relatively lower specific surface area of MOF-5 crystals compared to MOF-69c was in agreement with the increased pore diameter and decreased hydrogen storage capacity at 1 bar and 77 K.
Role of axial thrust in the formation of microstructure and fracture surface of the weld zone in friction stir welded AA6063 aluminium alloy
Authors: Suresh T. P. , Sampathkumar S.
Published: November 2013

AA6063 is an aluminium alloy with moderate strength. This type of alloy is widely used in the construction and automotive industries. In this article, the role of axial thrust in the formation of microstructure and fracture surface of the weld zone in friction stir welded AA6063 aluminium alloy is discussed. Butt joints were fabricated at five axial thrusts of 4 kN, 5 kN, 6 kN, 7 kN and 8 kN using an unthreaded tool pin. The rotational speed and translational velocity of the tool were maintained constant at 1500 revolutions per minute and 25 mm min−1 respectively. Specimens were prepared from the joints, and tensile testing was carried out. The ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation were calculated. Vickers hardness was measured in the weld zone at mid-thickness on the advancing and retreating sides. The microstructure and fracture surface of the joints were also examined. It was found that the joint produced at the axial thrust of 6 kN exhibited superior ultimate tensile strength, higher percentage of elongation and higher micro-hardness. This joint exhibited a superior quality weld zone without kissing bond and tunnel defects.
Indium ion cementation onto aluminum plates in hydrochloric acid solutions: a kinetic perspective
Authors: Hong Hyun Seon , Kim Geon Hong , Hong Myung Hwan , Lee Sungkyu , Lee Jae-Chun
Published: November 2013

The cementation of indium on an aluminum plate in indium-bearing concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions has been performed over a period of 2 hr at 278, 298, 318, 328 and 338 K. Aluminum was selected for two reasons: (1) aluminum has significantly higher oxidation potential compared to indium and (2) the leaching of waste plasma display panels produces a significant concentration of aluminum ions in solution. The effect of the cementation variables was comprehensively investigated, and a preliminary kinetic analysis was made using first order kinetics with pertinent Arrhenius-type plots. The cementation process was highly temperature sensitive for the range of 298–338 K, and more than 96% of the indium was recovered at 338 K. For morphology and purity analysis, indium powders obtained from the cementation process were examined using various analytical tools, such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry.
CFD Analysis of the Frame Invariance of the Melt Temperature Rise in a Single-screw Extruder
Authors: Habla F. , Obermeier S. , Dietsche L. , Kintzel O. , Hinrichsen O.
Published: November 2013

In analytical analyses for single-screw extruders the simplified approach of rotating the barrel and keeping the screw fixed is often used instead of rotating the screw and fixing the barrel. Although the flow field is independent of the reference frame, as has already been shown to a satisfactory degree (Rauwendaal et al., 1997), the question of the dependence of the melt temperature rise on the reference frame is still being challenged, e.g. Campbell et al. (2001, 2008). In this work we develop a finite-volume CFD code allowing for the three-dimensional simulation of the flow and temperature rise in both reference frames. The question of frame invariance is addressed by simulating the flow of a Newtonian-like polycarbonate both in a two-dimensional cross-section of a single-screw extruder and in a three-dimensional model with two full turns of the screw. Our results show that the kinematics and the melt temperature rise are equal for screw- and barrel-rotation and thus independent of the reference frame. Furthermore, the presence of a clearance flow has a negligible influence on the temperature rise.
Simulation Study of Thermotropic LCPs and Prediction of Normal Stress Difference at High Shear Rate
Authors: Rahman A. , Gupta R. K. , Bhattacharya S. N. , Ray S. , Costa F.
Published: November 2013

The shear viscosity and normal stress difference of two filled and two unfilled thermotropic liquid crystal polymer (TLCPs) were studied. The rigid and rod like molecules of TLCPs orientate differently at different shear rates. Under low shear rate, the molecules tend to align in the direction of the flow but also tumble and wagging on their own axis. The abnormal orientation of the molecules also depends upon temperature, fillers contents, aspect ratio and elastic nature of LCP molecules. These behaviors lead to unusual rheological properties of LCPs, such as negative first normal stress difference for filled LCPs at low shear rates. But with the increase of shear rate, the molecules are oriented in the direction of flow, which lead to isotropic flow at high shear rates. The complicated rheological properties and characteristic anisotropic properties of LCPs are modelled by recently developed Leonov's viscoselastic constitutive equations. Simulation has been carried out using Mathematica software and the characteristic anisotropic properties of LCPs have been identified. The experimentally measured viscosities at high shear rate have been compared with model predictions. Moreover, the normal stress differences using at high shear rates have been estimated using Leonov's model, which is experimentally not accessible.
Pallidotomy after chronic deep brain stimulation
Authors: Bulluss Kristian J. , Pereira Erlick A. , Joint Carole , Aziz Tipu Z.
Published: November 2013

Recent publications have demonstrated that deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease still exerts beneficial effects on tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia for up to 10 years after implantation of the stimulator. However with the progression of Parkinson's disease, features such as cognitive decline or “freezing” become prominent, and the presence of an implanted and functioning deep brain stimulator can impose a profound burden of care on the clinical team and family. The authors describe their experience in treating 4 patients who underwent removal of the implanted device due to either progressive dementia requiring full-time nursing or due to infection, and who subsequently underwent a unilateral pallidotomy.
Endovascular thrombolysis for pediatric cerebral sinus venous thrombosis with tissue plasminogen activator and abciximab
Authors: Khan Imad S. , Ladner Travis R. , Satti Komal F. , Ehtesham Moneeb , Jordan Lori C. , Singer Robert J.
Published: November 2013

Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) is a relatively rare but potentially devastating disease. Medical management of CSVT with systemic anticoagulation has been the mainstay treatment strategy with these patients. However, some patients may not respond to this treatment or may present with very severe symptoms indicating more aggressive management strategies. The authors present the case of a pediatric patient who presented with severe CSVT, who underwent successful recanalization with endovascular tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and abciximab. To the authors' knowledge there are no cases of endovascular thrombolysis for CSVT described in the literature in which abciximab has been used in conjunction with tPA. The authors also review the literature regarding the agents used and outcome in pediatric patients with CSVT after endovascular thrombolysis. The use of abciximab in conjunction with tPA may be considered in patients whose blood is hypercoagulable and in whom the treatment strategy is to obtain acute recanalization and long-term venous patency. However, the use of adjunctive agents increases the risk of hemorrhagic complications and must be done judiciously.
What are Research Infrastructures?
Authors: Anderson Sheila
Published: November 2013

This paper reflects on what research infrastructures are, suggesting that there are two dominant themes – one arising from the funding bodies postulating that research infrastructure development offers unprecedented opportunities to drive forward that which is new, which is innovative, and which drives competition and success; the other which suggests that infrastructure is subordinate, a substrate that supports the real work of research, and which becomes a thing that shifts into the background and is invisible. This paper argues that neither of these positions is wholly true or particularly helpful as we move to invest significant sums of money in digital research infrastructures. Instead, I propose that we need to view infrastructure as a material and experiential presence that is embedded in the practices and experience of research, which builds on and enhances that which already exists, that unites scholars with archivists, librarians, and museum curators, and that also finds a place for the amateur. Finally, and most importantly, I wish to argue that we must foreground the ‘research’ in ‘research infrastructures’. concentrating less on the component parts of infrastructure and instead focusing on its relationship to research practices.
An Approach to Analyzing Working Practices of Research Communities in the Humanities
Authors: Benardou Agiatis , Constantopoulos Panos , Dallas Costis
Published: November 2013

The need for a firm understanding of the working practices of researchers in the humanities emerges as a prerequisite for the development of effective digital research infrastructures. This paper will focus on the rationale behind the design and implementation of two related studies conducted in the context of two European e-Infrastructures projects, DARIAH and EHRI. Within DARIAH the challenge involved conducting, analysing and understanding research practices of arts and humanities researchers, a largely ill-defined community encompassing a wide spectrum of disciplines. Each of them deals with a variety of objects employing an extensive number of methods. In the context of EHRI, the challenge is slightly different, due to the involvement of a better-defined research community. Holocaust researchers share well-identified objects, common ground on methods, and handle similar setbacks. In this paper we discuss the approach adopted for designing and implementing qualitative user-centric studies aimed at capturing activities, methods, and types of information objects employed by researchers grounded in identified research goals and questions. It addresses both generic and specific entities and processes, and supports the understanding of researchers’ working practices in settings as diverse and wide as DARIAH, or as specialized as EHRI. The outcomes of the analysis of working practices are used in determining user requirements for digital infrastructures to serve the respective research communities.
An Efficient Local Search for the Feedback Vertex Set Problem
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Ye Ansheng , Zhou Xiaoqing , Shao Zehui
Published: November 2013

Inspired by many deadlock detection applications, the feedback vertex set is defined as a set of vertices in an undirected graph, whose removal would result in a graph without cycle. The Feedback Vertex Set Problem, known to be NP-complete, is to search for a feedback vertex set with the minimal cardinality to benefit the deadlock recovery. To address the issue, this paper presents NewkLS FVS(LS, local search; FVS, feedback vertex set), a variable depth-based local search algorithm with a randomized scheme to optimize the efficiency and performance. Experimental simulations are conducted to compare the algorithm with recent metaheuristics, and the computational results show that the proposed algorithm can outperform the other state-of-art algorithms and generate satisfactory solutions for most DIMACSbenchmarks.
Investigation of siRNA Nanoparticle Formation Using Mono-Cationic Detergents and Its Use in Gene Silencing in Human HeLa Cells
Authors: Yamada Yuma , Suzuki Ryosuke , Harashima Hideyoshi
Published: November 2013

The focus of recent research has been on the development of siRNA vectors to achieve an innovative gene therapy. Most of the conventional vectors are siRNA nanoparticles complexed with cationic polymers and liposomes, making it difficult to release siRNA. In this study, we report on the use of MCD, a quaternary ammonium salt detergent containing a long aliphatic chain (L-chain) as an siRNA complexation agent using human HeLa cells (a model cancer cell). We prepared siRNA nanoparticles using various MCDs, and measured the diameters and zeta-potentials of the particles. The use of an MCD with a long L-chain resulted in the formation of a positively charged nanoparticle. In contrast, a negatively charged nanoparticle was formed when a MCD with a short L-chain was used. We next evaluated the gene silencing efficiency of the nanoparticles using HeLa cells expressing the luciferase protein. The results showed that the siRNA/MCD nanoparticles showed a higher gene silencing efficiency than Lipofectamine 2000. We also found that the efficiency of gene silencing is a function of the length of the alkyl chain in MCD and zeta-potential of the siRNA/MCD nanoparticles. Such information provides another viewpoint for designing siRNA vectors.
Effects of Soybean Agglutinin on Mechanical Barrier Function and Tight Junction Protein Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Cells from Piglets
Authors: Pan Li , Qin Guixin , Zhao Yuan , Wang Jun , Liu Feifei , Che Dongsheng
Published: November 2013

In this study, we sought to investigate the role of soybean agglutinin (SBA) in mediating membrane permeability and the mechanical barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells. The IPEC-J2 cells were cultured and treated with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 mg/mL SBA. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity were measured to evaluate membrane permeability. The results showed a significant decrease in TEER values (p < 0.05) in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and a pronounced increase in AP activity (p < 0.05). Cell growth and cell morphology were used to evaluate the cell viability. A significant cell growth inhibition (p < 0.05) and alteration of morphology were observed when the concentration of SBA was increased. The results of western blotting showed that the expression levels of occludin and claudin-3 were decreased by 31% and 64% compared to those of the control, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, immunofluorescence labeling indicated an obvious decrease in staining of these targets and changes in their localizations. In conclusion, SBA increased the membrane permeability, inhibited the cell viability and reduced the levels of tight junction proteins (occludin and claudin-3), leading to a decrease in mechanical barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells.
RNA-Binding Proteins Impacting on Internal Initiation of Translation
Authors: Martínez-Salas Encarnación , Lozano Gloria , Fernandez-Chamorro Javier , Francisco-Velilla Rosario , Galan Alfonso , Diaz Rosa
Published: November 2013

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are pivotal regulators of all the steps of gene expression. RBPs govern gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level by virtue of their capacity to assemble ribonucleoprotein complexes on certain RNA structural elements, both in normal cells and in response to various environmental stresses. A rapid cellular response to stress conditions is triggered at the step of translation initiation. Two basic mechanisms govern translation initiation in eukaryotic mRNAs, the cap-dependent initiation mechanism that operates in most mRNAs, and the internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent mechanism activated under conditions that compromise the general translation pathway. IRES elements are cis-acting RNA sequences that recruit the translation machinery using a cap-independent mechanism often assisted by a subset of translation initiation factors and various RBPs. IRES-dependent initiation appears to use different strategies to recruit the translation machinery depending on the RNA organization of the region and the network of RBPs interacting with the element. In this review we discuss recent advances in understanding the implications of RBPs on IRES-dependent translation initiation.
The Role of Temperature in the Growth and Flowering of Geophytes
Authors: Khodorova Nadezda , Boitel-Conti Michèle
Published: November 2013

Among several naturally occurring environmental factors, temperature is considered to play a predominant role in controlling proper growth and flowering in geophytes. Most of them require a “warm-cold-warm” sequence to complete their annual cycle. The temperature optima for flower meristem induction and the early stages of floral organogenesis vary between nine and 25 °C, followed, in the autumn, by a several-week period of lower temperature (4–9 °C), which enables stem elongation and anthesis. The absence of low temperature treatment leads to slow shoot growth in spring and severe flowering disorders. Numerous studies have shown that the effects of the temperature surrounding the underground organs during the autumn-winter period can lead to important physiological changes in plants, but the mechanism that underlies the relationship between cold treatment and growth is still unclear. In this mini-review, we describe experimental data concerning the temperature requirements for flower initiation and development, shoot elongation, aboveground growth and anthesis in bulbous plants. The physiological processes that occur during autumn-winter periods in bulbs (water status, hormonal balance, respiration, carbohydrate mobilization) and how these changes might provoke disorders in stem elongation and flowering are examined. A model describing the relationship between the cold requirement, auxin and gibberellin interactions and the growth response is proposed.
Impact of Hernias on Peritoneal Dialysis Technique Survival and Residual Renal Function
Authors: Balda Sagrario , Power Albert , Papalois Vassilios , Brown Edwina
Published: November 2013

Objective

We evaluated the effect of hernias and their surgical or conservative management on peritoneal dialysis (PD) technique survival and residual renal function.

Methods

This 10-year single-center retrospective case–control study (January 2001 – January 2011) compared patient survival, PD technique survival, and residual renal function in patients with a history of abdominal hernias and in a control cohort matched for age and PD vintage.

Results

Of 73 hernias identified in 63 patients (mean age: 55 years; 63% men), umbilical hernias were the most frequent (40%), followed by inguinal (33%), incisional, and epigastric hernias. Some hernias were surgically repaired before ( n = 10) or at the time of PD catheter insertion ( n = 11), but most (71%) were diagnosed and managed after initiation of PD. Overall, 49 of 73 (67%) hernias were treated surgically. In 53% of subjects, early postoperative dialysis was not needed; only 7 patients required temporary hemodialysis. The occurrence of a hernia and its treatment did not significantly affect residual renal function. After a hernia diagnosis or repair, 86% of patients were able to continue with PD.

Conclusions

The incidence of abdominal hernia and hernia management in patients on PD do not significantly influence residual renal function or PD technique survival. Timely management of hernias is advisable and does not preclude continuation with PD as a dialysis modality.
Serum Concentrations of p-Cresyl Sulfate and Indoxyl Sulfate, But Not Inflammatory Markers, Increase in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in Parallel with Loss of Residual Renal Function
Authors: Viaene Liesbeth , Meijers Björn K.I. , Bammens Bert , Vanrenterghem Yves , Evenepoel Pieter
Published: November 2013

Background

High serum concentrations of the protein-bound uremic retention solutes p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IndS) and inflammation are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Renal clearance contributes to up to 80% of the total clearance of PCS and IndS in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Cross-sectional studies evaluating the impact of residual renal function (RRF) on serum concentrations of PCS, IndS, and circulating inflammatory markers have yielded conflicting results.

Methods

To clarify this issue, we carried out a prospective observational cohort study in incident PD patients ( n = 35; 19 men; mean age: 55 ± 17 years). Midday blood samples were collected and analyzed for total serum PCS, IndS, C-reactive protein, and high-sensitivity interleukin 6. Peritoneal and renal clearances were calculated from urine and dialysate collections, and RRF was calculated as the mean of renal urea nitrogen and creatinine clearances. Patients were assessed 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after PD start. Differences between time points were analyzed using linear mixed models (LMMs).

Results

Residual renal function declined significantly over time (LMM p < 0.0001). Peritoneal clearances of both toxins tended to increase, but did not compensate for the declining renal clearances. Serum concentrations of PCS and IndS increased significantly over time (LMM p = 0.01; p = 0.0009). In contrast, total mass removal of both toxins remained stable. Circulating inflammatory markers did not change over time.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that serum concentrations of PCS and IndS, but not inflammatory markers, increase in incident PD patients in parallel with loss of RRF.
Micro-flow synthesis and structural analysis of sterically crowded diimine ligands with five aryl rings
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Tanabe Nobutake , Tannna Akio , Konishi Yohei , Takahashi Takashi
Published: November 2013

Sterically crowded diimine ligands with five aryl rings were prepared in one step in good yields using a micro-flow technique. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the detailed structure of the bulky ligands. The nickel complexes prepared from the ligands exerted high polymerization activity in the ethylene homopolymerization and copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers.
Démystifier la mise en place de l'écoconception
Authors: Berneman Corinne , Lanoie Paul , Plouffe Sylvain , Vernier Marie-France
Published: November 2013

L’écoconception est une méthode qui permet de développer des produits ayant un impact environnemental réduit. Cet article décrit comment des entreprises qui commercialisent des produits écoconçus ont pu tirer parti d’une situation favorable d’un point de vue à la fois écologique et économique. Les expériences rapportées se basent sur des entretiens en profondeur menés avec des dirigeants de 30 entreprises – 15 au Québec, 15 en France – de secteurs d’activité variés. Nous insistons sur les retombées intangibles de l’écoconception, à savoir les impacts positifs sur l’innovation, sur la mobilisation des ressources humaines, sur la notoriété et l’image de l’entreprise de même que sur les relations avec les parties prenantes.
Human Resource Management on Social Capital
Authors: López-Fernández Macarena , Martín-Alcázar Fernando , Romero-Fernández Pedro Miguel
Published: November 2013

Over the past years, several researchers have analysed the relational dynamics that takes place inside and between organizations (concept, mediating and moderating variables, effects, etc.) considering it as a resource capable of contributing to the orientation and the strategic positioning of the organizations, and, as a last resort, to the support of the competitive advantages. Nevertheless, there are very few studies that include evidence about how the effective management of certain characteristics and properties of the network, such as the work dynamics developed or the interaction in the group may be useful for the operation of the work group itself in firms that develope its activity in high-tech sectors. Thus, the objectives of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for studying the relationship between Human Resource Activities and Social Capital while underlining the importance that human resource policies play in the management of this variable in a IT environment.
Understanding the Video Bloggers’ Community
Authors: Warmbrodt John , Sheng Hong , Hall Richard , Cao Jinwei
Published: November 2013

Video blogs (or vlogs) are a new form of blogs where each post is a video. This study explores a community of video bloggers (or vloggers) by studying the community’s structure as well as the motivations and interactions of vloggers in the community. A social network analysis of a list of personal vloggers identifies the community’s structure. Open-ended interviews with core vloggers in the sample provide in-depth understanding on the motivations and interactions of the vloggers. Overall, the results indicate that the vloggers’ community exhibits a core/periphery structure. Such a community is formed based on shared interest and active interactions. In addition, the rich communication provided in video blogs allows for a more personal and intimate interaction, making vlogs a potentially powerful tool for business applications.
Analysis of Students’ Engagement and Activities in a Virtual Learning Community
Authors: Daniel Ben , Schwier Richard A.
Published: November 2013

With advances in communication technology and online pedagogy, virtual learning communities have become rich learning environments in which individuals construct knowledge and learn from others. Typically, individuals in virtual learning communities interact by exchanging information and sharing knowledge and experiences with others as communities. The team at the Virtual Learning Community Research Laboratory has employed an array of methods, including social network analysis (SNA), to examine and describe different virtual learning communities. The goal of the study was to employ mixed methods to explore whether the content of students’ interaction reflected the fundamental elements of community. SNA techniques were used to analyse ties and relationships among individuals in a network with the goal of understanding patterns of interactions among individuals and their activities, and interviews were conducted to explore features and student perceptions of their learning community.
Occupational Networking as a Form of Professional Identification
Authors: Voutsina Katerina
Published: November 2013

The impact of virtual networks on economic activity and organizational affairs has long occupied the Information Systems (IS) academic community. Yet what has been paid less attention is the impact of networks on the way contemporary workers perceive themselves at work. Taking into account this gap in the literature, the paper aspires to bring forward issues referring to the implication of virtual networks in the construction of occupational identity of highly-skilled Information Technology (IT) contractors. Drawing upon data from interviews with thirty highly-skilled IT contractors, the paper suggests that the virtual networks among IT contractors and individuals who share the same occupational interests become for the contractors the locus of social interaction, the hub of knowledge generation, the source of occupational control and thus the primary object of professional identification.
The Impact of Social Networking Websites on the Education of Youth
Authors: Kuppuswamy Sunitha , Narayan P. B. Shankar
Published: November 2013

Social networking websites like Orkut, Facebook, Myspace and Youtube are becoming more and more popular and has become part of daily life for an increasing number of people. Because of their features, young people are attracted to social networking sites. In this paper, the authors explore the impact of social networking sites on the education of youth. The study argues that these social networking websites distract students from their studies, but these websites can be useful for education based on sound pedagogical principles and proper supervision by the teachers. Moreover, the research concludes that social networking websites have both positive as well as negative impact on the education of youth, depending on one’s interest to use it in a positive manner for his or her education and vice versa.
Computational Trust in SocialWeb
Authors: Zolfaghar Kiyana , Aghaie Abdollah
Published: November 2013

Trust as a major part of human interactions plays an important role in addressing information overload and helping users collect reliable information in SocialWeb applications. This paper examines the current situation and future trends of computational trust for these systems. Achieving this, the authors present an overview of existing social trust mechanisms and identify their strengths and weaknesses through discussion and analysis. In this paper, the authors also provide a comprehensive framework of social trust-inducing factors that contribute to the trust formation process and discuss key research issues and challenges to find future research trends in computing trust in the SocialWeb context.
Model-Driven Engineering of Composite Service Oriented Applications
Authors: Karakostas Bill , Zorgios Yannis
Published: November 2013

Composite applications integrate web services with other business applications and components to implement business processes. Model-driven approaches tackle the complexity of composite applications caused by domain and technology heterogeneity and integration requirements. The method and framework described in this paper generate all artefacts (workflow, data, user interfaces, etc.), required for a composite application from high level service oriented descriptions of the composite application, using model transformation and code generation techniques.
Meta-Synthesis Knowledge System
Authors: Jifa Gu
Published: November 2013

Meta-synthesis knowledge system (MSKS) is based on the meta-synthesis system approach and knowledge science. This article introduces the basic theory of meta-synthesis knowledge system like DMTMC system, model integration, opinion synthesis, consensus building and expert mining. Similar MSKS systems are illustrated. Case studies and examples are also explored in this article.
Enhancing On-Line Conferencing Ba with Human-Machine Interaction CorMap Analysis
Authors: Luo Bin , Tang Xijin
Published: November 2013

Recently, information is being used to enhance supporting technologies in conference management systems, which greatly improves the efficiency of conference organizing affairs and promotes extensive communication and cooperation between researchers. The on-line conferencing ba (OLCB) serves as a conference management system and provides an environment for knowledge creation. CorMap analysis is a technique for qualitative meta-synthesis, which can carry out series mining from qualitative data. The early OLCB system pushes the visualized results of CorMap analysis to users by images. In this paper, the authors introduce an interactive CorMap analysis to enhance the OLCB system, which enables users to conduct the conference mining process directly and acquire more clear and structured information. The working process of interactive CorMap analysis is shown with the application of the 7th International Workshop on Meta-synthesis and Complex Systems (MCS’2007).
Effects of Narcissism, Leisure Boredom, and Gratifications Sought on User-Generated Content Among Net-Generation Users
Authors: Poon Damon Chi Him , Leung Louis
Published: November 2013

This research identifies the gratifications sought by the Net-generation when producing user-generated content (UGC) on the internet. Members of the Net-generation want to vent negative feelings, show affection to their friends and relatives, be involved in others’ lives, and fulfill their need to be recognized. These gratifications, to a large degree, were found to be significantly associated with the users’ various levels of participation in UGC (e.g., Facebook, blogs, online forums, etc.). What’s more, narcissism was predictive of content generation in social networking sites, blogs, and personal webpages, while leisure boredom was significantly linked to expressing views in forums, updating personal websites, and participating in consumer reviews. In particular, the results showed that Net-geners who encountered leisure boredom had a higher tendency to seek interaction with friends online. Implications of findings are discussed.
An Empirical Study of Problematic Internet Use and Self-Esteem
Authors: Widyanto Laura , Griffiths Mark
Published: November 2013

Previous research has alluded to the existence of a relationship between self-esteem and problematic Internet use. The main aim of the study was to examine the relationship between problematic Internet use and a number of distinct demographic, behavioural, and psychosocial variables. Using an online survey, a self-selected sample comprising 1,467 Internet users participated in the study. The survey comprised 50 questions including validated scales for both self-esteem (Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale) and problematic Internet use (Internet Related Problem Scale; IPRS) in addition to demographic information. Based on previous literature, it was hypothesized that problematic Internet users were more likely than non-problematic Internet users to post low self-esteem scores. Results showed that self-esteem was strongly and negatively associated with IRPS. Also, for those with high IRPS scores, participation in online forums was the primary online activity followed by online gaming and chatting. Although the study comprised a self-selecting sample and utilized self-report, the results appear to provide robust evidence of an association between self-esteem and problematic Internet use mirroring prior research in the area.
Poker Gambling Virtual Communities
Authors: Parke Adrian , Griffiths Mark
Published: November 2013

Internationally, the prevalence of online poker gambling is estimated to be between one percent and eight percent of the general adult population. In relation to these estimated prevalence rates, the potential for addictive behaviour and the paucity of theory, online poker is an important concern for public health. Individuals may seek knowledge that will assist in developing poker gambling skill via virtual community interactions. In this paper, the authors use a virtual ethnography design to observe knowledge creation, transfer, and retrieval processes within a poker-focused virtual community. The paper develops current knowledge and understanding of how computer-mediated communication (CMC) is used by poker gamblers to develop their executive cognitive skills and enhance their proficiency. Two independent poker gambling virtual communities were observed for a six-month period. Data were collected through participant observation, and content analysis was used to identify emergent themes. Two central behavioural themes emerged from the participant observation (i.e., ‘Experiential Reporting’ and ‘Development of Poker Skill’). The implications of poker gambling knowledge creation, transfer, and retrieval via CMC on responsible gambling are also discussed.
Creating Secondary Learning Resources from BMJ Case Reports through Medical Student Conversational Learning in a Web Based Forum
Authors: Biswas Tamoghna , Sen Parijat , Dasgupta Sujoy , Guha Niyogi Subhrashis , Ghosh G. C. , Bera Kaustav , Biswas Rakesh
Published: November 2013

This paper discusses an exploratory approach in creating stimulating medical education resources in the form of interactive conversational learning between medical students and facilitators who dissected a case previously published in BMJ to which the students do not have access, thus bringing out the learning points in an exploratory manner. Through these conversations, students discover the subject and learn actively along with a facilitator who gradually guides them through the case based problem. BMJ Case reports present a unique platform for this case based PBL (problem based learning) activity. In this illustrative example, students and facilitators perform problem based learning in a nearly asynchronous manner on a web based forum.
Which Digital State is Now at the Leading Edge?
Authors: Borins Sandford
Published: November 2013

As part of ongoing research about the transformative impact of Information Technology (IT) on politics and government, this chapter outlines developments over the last four years in the use of IT in the federal government of Canada and the Province of Ontario. Areas discussed include online political campaigning, politicization of government’s online presence, advocacy websites, online service delivery, and public consultation. While Canada and Ontario were previously considered to be at the leading edge and have made progress over the last four years, the 2008 Obama election campaign as well as online consultation and service delivery initiatives undertaken in the first year of the Obama Administration strongly suggest that the United States Government has surpassed Canada.
ICT and eGovernance
Authors: Manolopoulos Christos , Sofotassios Dimitris , Spirakis Paul , Stamatiou Yiannis C.
Published: November 2013

One of the cornerstones of Democracy is the participation of citizens in decisions that affect their lives. This participation, traditionally, is exercised: a) through national elections and the body of representatives, and b) through binding procedures such as referendums. However, there are decisions that affect citizens’ everyday lives that require more frequent, day to day participation. Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) can create fast and secure communication channels, enabling politicians and citizens to engage in a mutually rewarding interaction leading to the development eDemocracy. However, lack of trust either between politicians and citizens or lack of trust of citizens towards ICT can raise barriers to this opportunity. In this chapter we discuss the issue of trust among government, citizens, and ICT. Our view is that it is nowadays possible to, at least, handle effectively the citizen-ICT facet of trust and provide the drivers for the convergence of eGoverment and eDemocracy realizing the concept of eGovernance. As a case study we present our experiences from the design and implementation of an eVoting system, which has the same strong relationship with eGovernance as traditional elections have with Governance.
Visual Arts Online Educational Trends
Authors: Rusnak Laura M.
Published: November 2013

The intent of this chapter is to understand the implications of online education for the visual arts and how the objectives of a traditional art education can be adapted to computer-mediated learning. The focus is on three trends affecting the arts: visual culture, cultural production, and originality in art and practice.
A Model-based Approach for Diagnosing Fault in Web Service Processes
Authors: Yan Yuhong , Dague Philippe , Pencolé Yannick , Cordier Marie-Odile
Published: November 2013

Web services based on a service-oriented architecture framework provide a suitable technical foundation for business process management and integration. A business process can be composed of a set of Web services that belong to different companies and interact with each other by sending messages. Web service orchestration languages are defined by standard organizations to describe business processes composed of Web services. A business process can fail for many reasons, such as faulty Web services or mismatching messages. It is important to find out which Web services are responsible for a failed business process because we could penalize these Web services and exclude them from the business process in the future. In this paper, we propose a model-based approach to diagnose the faults in a Web service-composed business process. We convert a Web service orchestration language, more specifically BPEL4WS, into synchronized automata, so that we have a formal description of the topology and variable dependency of the business process. After an exception is thrown, the diagnoser can calculate the business process execution trajectory based on the formal model and the observed evolution of the business process. The faulty Web services are deduced from the variable dependency on the execution trajectory. We demonstrate our diagnosis technique with an example.
Issues on the Compatibility of Web Service Contracts
Authors: Nepal Surya , Zic John
Published: November 2013

In the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) model, a service is characterized by its exchange of asynchronous messages, and a service contract is a desirable composition of a variety of messages. Though this model is simple, implementing large-scale, cross-organizational distributed applications may be difficult to achieve in general, as there is no guarantee that service composition will be possible because of incompatibilities of Web service contracts. We categorize compatibility issues in Web service contracts into two broad categories: (a) between contracts of different services (which we define as a composability problem), and (b) a service contract and its implementation (which we define as a conformance problem). This chapter examines and addresses these problems, first by identifying and specifying contract compatibility conditions, and second, through the use of compatibility checking tools that enable application developers to perform checks at design time.