bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal control of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Shastri Yogendra , Fenila F.
Published: March 2023

Cellulose hydrolysis is a key step in lignocellulosic ethanol production. At present, commercial production of lignocellulosic ethanol is limiteddue to the long hydrolysis times and requirement of large quantity of expensive enzymes. Therefore, reduction of the enzyme consumption as wellas hydrolysis time is crucial and model based optimisation methods can be used for the same.A semi-mechanistic model with cellobiose, glucose,and xylose inhibition with Arrhenius based relationship between temperature and kinetic parameters and thermal deactivation of enzymes was usedfor the present study. Optimal control problem with temperature as control variable was formulated after considering two different objectivefunctions. For the objective of glucose concentration maximisation at final batch time, the benefit of implementing optimal control increased withreducing batch times. For the batch time of 24 hours, the final glucose concentration increased by 3.2%. For the objective of batch timeminimisation, the reduction of batch time was 5.8% and it was observed for a target glucose concentration of 45 g/kg of cellulose. The use ofoptimal control can reduce the enzyme requirement up to 77.8% of endoglucanase and exoglucanase for glucose maximisation and 22.2% for batchtime minimisation. The above results show the usefulness of optimal temperature control in increasing the glucose concentration, and reducing thebatch time without increasing the enzyme used.
Deep-desulfurization of the petroleum diesel using the heterogeneous carboxyl functionalized poly-ionic liquid
Authors: Bhagat Pundlik , Patle Dipesh , Khiratkar Aninash Khiratkar , Cheralathan K. K. , Krishnamurthy Manikandan , Balinge Kamlesh
Published: March 2023

Acidic carboxyl functionalized poly(ionic liquid) (CFPIL) has been synthesized and characterized by various techniques like FT-NMR,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In this work, deep oxidative desulfurization of model oil (thiophene dissolved in iso-octane) byCFPIL catalyst was carried out in presence of 30 wt% H2O2 solution as an oxidant. The effects of the hydrogen peroxide, amount of CFPIL,temperature-time and recyclability are scrutinized systematically. It was found that the effective molar proportion of H2O2 to sulfur was 4:1 at 70 °Cin 180 min with 0.6 g catalyst, removing 100% thiophene from model oil. This method has shown high efficiency for the removal of thiophene,which is difficult to remove from the oil than benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene. Additionally, an oxidative desulfurization mechanism hasbeen proposed according to the experimental results. This catalytic system by CFPIL offers advantages such as higher efficiency, low amount ofionic liquid, simple work up for separating oil from the catalyst and ease of recycling. This protocol inclines to show that diesel fuels in industrycan be purified to sulfur-free or ultra-low sulfur fuels by further deep oxidative desulfurization with CFPILs after hydrodesulfurization.
Micellar-polymer for enhanced oil recovery for Upper Assam Basin
Authors: Das Borkha , Gogoi Subrata , Mech Deepjyoti
Published: March 2023

One of the major enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes is chemical flooding especially for the depleted reservoirs. Chemical flooding involvesinjection of various chemicals like surfactant, alkali, polymer etc. to the aqueous media. Bhogpara and Nahorkatiya are two depleted reservoirs ofupper Assam basin where chemical flooding can be done to recover the trapped oil that cannot be recovered by conventional flooding process.Micellar-polymer (MP) flooding involves injection of micelle and polymer to the aqueous phase to reduce interfacial tension and polymer is addedto control the mobility of the solution, which helps in increasing both displacement and volumetric sweep efficiency and thereby leads to enhancedoil recovery. This work represents the use of black liquor as micelle or surfactant that is a waste product of Nowgong Paper Mills, Jagiroad, Assam,which is more efficient than the synthetic surfactants. The present study examines the effect of MP flooding through the porous media of twodepleted oil fields of upper Assam basin i.e. Bhogpara and Nahorkatiya for MP EOR. This work also compares the present MP flood with the earlierwork done on surfactant (S) flooding. It was experimentally determined that the MP flood is more efficient EOR process for Bhogpara andNahorkatiya reservoirs. The study will pertain to the comprehensive interfacial tension (IFT) study and the displacement mechanism inconventional core samples.
Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of β-D-glucan polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum for prospective scale-up
Authors: Manickam Sivakumar , Singh Ajit , Al-Qrimli Haidar , Alzorqi Ibrahim
Published: March 2023

Three levels of three ultrasonic independent variables were optimized to obtain the maximum yield of water-soluble polysaccharides (PS)extracted from Ganoderma lucidum using response surface methodology (RSM). Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to evaluate theeffects of ultrasonic variables on the yield of PS. The parameters that were considered for the optimization are ultrasound power (500–700 W),ultrasonic irradiation time (45–65 min) and temperature (70–90 °C). The analysis of variance suggested that the response dependent variable ofyield of PS could be expressed by a quadratic polynomial model. The optimal theoretical extraction conditions were found to be an ultrasonic powerof 590 W, an irradiation time of 58 min and a temperature of 81 °C. Under these conditions the predicted optimal yield was 52.33 mg. Whereasby following the optimized conditions, the yield of PS by experiments was found to be 52.28 mg which is in a very good agreement with thetheoretically predicted one. These outcomes indicate the adequacy of quadratic polynomial model to represent the ultrasonic extraction variableswithin the ranges of investigation for a volume of 0.25 L; and any prospective scale-up may require modifications in the geometry of the extractingvessel due to the non-linear effects of power ultrasound.
PLLA scaffold modification using magnetron sputtering of the copper target to provide antibacterial properties
Authors: Tverdokhlebov Sergei I. , Nemoykina Anna , Badaraev Arsalan , Bolbasov Evgeny
Published: March 2023

Using the electrospinning method, we produced biodegradable scaffolds from poly- l -lactide acid poly- mer (PLLA –poly- l -lactide acid). Using DC magnetron sputtering of the copper target we modified the surface of the scaffolds. For investigate scaffolds morphology, structure and elemental composition were used scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results of scan- ning electron microscopy reveal that scaffolds consist of chaotically located fibres. The diameters of fibres range from 0.8 to 2 μm. Initially amorphous scaffold after modification has crystalline structure. The count of oxygen and copper with modification is increased, but count of carbon decreased. For the investigation of the scaffolds wetting ability were used glycerol and water. The wetting angles for the both liquids were similarly comparable. The values for the wetting angles range from 114 ±5 °to 125 ±5 °, what indicated that scaffolds had hydrophobic properties. Testing for antibacterial features indicated that the modified scaffolds are capable to have a bacteriostatic effect. Com pared to the number of bacteria cultured with- out scaffold (11.8 ±1.26 CFU ×10 4 /ml), two modified samples have bacteriostatic properties (reducing the number of bacteria on 30 and 50%). Economically effective method PLLA scaffolds modification could be used for creating low-cost wound dressings with antibacterial properties.
New resource-efficient and green synthesis methods for biologically active derivatives of urea
Authors: Shtrykova Victoria V. , Sidelnikova Svetlana , Kuksenok Vera , Filimonov Viktor
Published: March 2023

Developed were highly effective solvent-free processes for preparation of substituted ureas contain- ing pharmacophore substituents (benzhydryl ureas, dihydroquinazolinones, semicarbazones, thiosemicar- bazones and guanylhydrazones), consistent with green chemistry principles for environmentally friendly organic synthesis methods.
Optimization of adsorptive removal of α-toluic acid by CaO 2 nanoparticles using response surface methodology
Authors: Wasewar Kailas L. , Madan Sapana S. , Ravikumar C.
Published: March 2023

The present work addresses the optimization of process parameters for adsorptive removal of α-toluicacid by calcium peroxide (CaO 2 ) nanoparticles using response surface methodology (RSM). CaO 2 nanoparticleswere synthesized by chemical precipitation method and confirmed by Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) analysis which shows the CaO 2 nanoparticles sizerange of 5–15 nm. A series of batch adsorption experiments were performed using CaO 2 nanoparticlesto remove α-toluic acid from the aqueous solution. Further, an experimental based central compositedesign (CCD) was developed to study the interactive effect of CaO 2 adsorbent dosage, initial concentrationof α-toluic acid, and contact time on α-toluic acid removal efficiency (response) and optimization ofthe process. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the significance of the individualand the interactive effects of variables on the response. The model predicted response showed a goodagreement with the experimental response, and the coefficient of determination, ( R 2 ) was 0.92. Amongthe variables, the interactive effect of adsorbent dosage and the initial α-toluic acid concentration wasfound to have more influence on the response than the contact time. Numerical optimization of processby RSM showed the optimal adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of α-toluic acid, and contact timeas 0.03 g, 7.06 g/L, and 34 min respectively. The predicted removal efficiency was 99.50%. The experimentsperformed under these conditions showed α-toluic acid removal efficiency up to 98.05%, which confirmedthe adequacy of the model prediction.
Energy Intensity analysis of Indian manufacturing industries
Authors: Soni Archana , Mittal Arwind , Kapshe Manmohan
Published: March 2023

Energy has been recognized as one of the key inputs for the economic growth and social development of a country. India being one of the largest and rapidly growing developing countries, there is an impending energy crisis which requires immediate measures to be adopted. In this situation the concept of Energy Intensity comes under special focus to ensure energy security in an environmentally sustainable way. Energy Intensity of Indian manufacturing industries is among the highest in the world and stands for enormous energy consumption. Hence, reducing the Energy Intensity of Indian manufacturing industries is one of the challenges. This study attempts to analyse the factors which influence the Energy Intensity of Indian manufacturing industries and how they can be improved to reduce the Energy Intensity. The paper considers five of the largest energy consuming manufacturing industrial sectors in India viz. Aluminium, Cement, Iron & Steel Industries, Textile Industries and Fertilizer Industries and conducts a detailed Energy Intensity analysis using the data from PROWESS database of the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) for the period 2005–2014.
Review on enzymatic synthesis of value added products of glycerol, a by-product derived from biodiesel production
Authors: Pradima Britto , Archna Archna , Kulkreni Rajeswarni
Published: March 2023

Crude glycerol is produced as a by-product from biodiesel production via trans-esterification with methanol and this process accounts for 10% (w/w) of the total biodiesel produced worldwide. The glyc- erol glut created can be utilized to increase biodiesel profitability since disposal can pose a threat to the environment. The need is to transform this surplus crude glycerol into added-value products. Biological based conversions are efficient in providing products that are drop-in replacements for petro-chemicals and offer functionality advantage, commanding higher price with the potential to increase bio-refinery revenue. Glycerol is a stable and multifunctional compound used as a building block in fine chemical synthesis like bio-polymers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, ethanol, hydrogen, n -butanol, glycerol carbonate, glycerol acetyl esters etc. Bio-catalysts add higher value to bio based products by catalyzing not only their selective modification, but also their synthesis under controlled and mild conditions. This article focuses on different bioconversion technologies of crude-glycerol to value added industrial products –obtained as waste from current bio-diesel production. We abridge the recent relevant approach for the production of various platform chemicals from bio-glycerol over enzyme and chemical catalysts.
Mathematical modeling of drying behavior of cashew in a solar biomass hybrid dryer
Authors: Sudhakar K. , Savaranan Dhanushkodi , Wilson Vincent H.
Published: March 2023

The main objective of this study is to analyze the drying behavior of cashew nut experimentally in a so- lar biomass hybrid dryer using mathematical models. Suitability of fifteen different mathematical drying models available in the literature is used to describe the drying characteristics of cashew. Experimen- tal data of moisture ratio, temperature and relative humidity obtained from different dryer conditions were fitted to the various empirical drying models. The performance of the drying model was compared based on their correlation co-efficient (R 2 ), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Reduced Chi-Square ( χ2 ) between the observed moisture ratios. The two terms and Midilli models showed the best fit under so- lar drying. Page model was found to be the best model for describing the thin layer drying behavior of cashew for biomass drying and hybrid drying.
A review on green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles –An eco-friendly approach
Authors: Rajeshkumar S. , Agarwal Happy , Kumar Shananmugam Venkat
Published: March 2023

Nanotechnology deals with the production and usage of material with nanoscale dimension. Nanoscale dimension provides nanoparticles a large surface area to volume ratio and thus very specific proper- ties. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) had been in recent studies due to its large bandwidth and high exciton binding energy and it has potential applications like antibacterial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti- inflammatory, wound healing, antioxidant and optic properties. Due to the large rate of toxic chemicals and extreme environment employed in the physical and chemical production of these NPs, green methods employing the use of plants, fungus, bacteria, and algae have been adopted. This review is a comprehen- sive study of the synthesis and characterization methods used for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs using different biological sources.
Peculiarities of electromagnetic field oscillations of a charged particle rotating about a conductive ball
Authors: Mkrtchyan A.H. , Grigoryan L.Sh. , Khachatryan H.F. , Grigoryan M.L. , Sargsyan A.V.
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The paper investigates some characteristic features of the electromagnetic field of a relativistic charged particle that uniformly rotates about a conductive ball in its equatorial plane. It is assumed that the braking of the particle due to radiation is compensated by an external influence (e.g. the electric force) that compels the particle to turn uniformly in a circle. The magnetic permittivity of the ball is assumed to be one. The work is based on the corresponding exact analytic solutions of Maxwell’s equations. The generalized Drude-Lorentz-Sommerfeld formula for the dielectric function of the conductive ball is used in numerical calculations. It is shown that localized oscillations of a high-amplitude electromagnetic field can be generated at a given harmonic inside the ball at a certain (resonant) particle rotation frequency at a small distance from the surface of the ball. Herewith, at large distances from the trajectory of the particle, these localized oscillations are accompanied by intense radiation at the same harmonic, which is many times more intense than the analogous radiation in the case when the ball is absent. The possibilities of using this phenomenon to develop sources of quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic radiation in the range from giga- to terra hertz frequencies are discussed.
«Arte popular» y la imposibilidad de sujetos contemporáneos; o la estructura del pensamiento moderno y la racialización del arte
Authors: Borea Giuliana
Published: March 2023

El objetivo de este ensayo es mostrar, a través del análisis de la vigencia del uso de la categoría de «arte popular» en el Perú y en Latinoamérica en general, la construcción y continuidad de un orden epistemológico que divide, y contrapone, sujetos, saberes, producciones y conocimientos; y que a pesar de ciertos cambios, sigue siendo reproducido y alimentado por museos, exposiciones, disciplinas académicas, escuelas de arte, mercado y políticas culturales del Estado, al igual que por los llamados «artistas populares». Cabe señalar que este artículo incide en la creación del «arte popular» y su relación con la otra categoría también construida, la del «arte».
El oráculo de Pachacamac y los peregrinajes a larga distancia en el mundo andino antiguo
Authors: Eeckhout Peter
Published: March 2023

Pachacamac es un sitio monumental en los Andes centrales que llegó a su apogeo luego de haber sido integrado en el Tahuantinsuyu. Fue un centro religioso, ceremonial, político, estratégico, económico y simbólico; sin duda, entre los más prestigiosos del Imperio (Eeckhout 1999; Hyslop 1990: 255-261; Lanning 1967: 170; Lumbreras 1974: 223; Moseley 1992: 185; Rowe 1946: 191; 1963; Shimada 1991; Von Hagen y Morris 1998). Como fue tan importante, ha sido mencionado a menudo por los cronistas, así que tenemos una idea bastante buena de cómo funcionaba al momento de la conquista española (Patterson 1985; 1992; Rostworowski 1992; 1999; Uhle 1991).
Guerra y soberanía : el noroeste del Río de la Plata durante la revolución de independencia (1810-1820)
Authors: Verdo Geneviève
Published: March 2023

La crisis de la Monarquía y la invasión de la península por los ejércitos franceses en 1808 dan origen en la América española a una lucha que enfrenta las provincias o ciudades «unionistas» con las «autonomistas». Mientras las primeras reconocen y permanecen fieles a las autoridades provisionales constituidas en la península bajo el nombre del Rey - la Junta Grande y luego el Consejo de Regencia y las Cortes- , las segundas pretenden preservar los dominios reales de la invasión francesa, creando gobiernos propios. Lejos de radicar únicamente en el análisis de la situación europea y peninsular, este enfrentamiento es, también, de índole ideológico. En los virreinatos más antiguos del imperio, Nueva España y Perú, la unión con la península resulta no solo de la preeminencia de ciertos grupos, cuyos intereses están íntimamente ligados, entre otros, con el comercio gaditano, sino que responde también a una actitud muy intransigente de parte de los virreyes, muy reacios a compartir el poder con elementos de la sociedad.
SUJEITOS, COREOGRAFIAS E RELAÇÕES DESENVOLVIDAS, A PARTIR DE UM FESTIVAL DE DANÇAS ESCOLARES NO INTERIOR DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Lemos Soares Rodrigo , Costa Denise Prado , Graeff Bastos Billy
Published: March 2023

Este texto possui como proposta analisar as relações de participação no Festival Dança Estudantes. A pesquisa foi possível pela participação de três professoras e dois oficineiros vinculadas(os) a Prefeitura Municipal do Rio Grande. A metodologia é qualitativa, com uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas e individuais, as quais foram gravadas, transcritas e refletidas sob a técnica da Análise de Conteúdo. As respostas centram-se na elaboração coreográfica que deriva de múltiplos artefatos culturais que motivam os sujeitos a participarem do evento, orientados(as) por compreensões distintas sobre dança e competição. Ocorrem transformações nos contextos escolares, pelo envolvimento da comunidade, a fim de oportunizar a participação dos sujeitos.
Youth Between the Past and the Future
Authors: Demidenko Svetlana
Published: March 2023

The review of the HSE Youth Research Center conference demonstrates the actualization of youth research in the context of intergenerational transfers in modern Russia. The following issues have become particularly relevant: how young people comprehend reality, how their identity is formed; what are the new forms of youth activity and specific lifestyles. The focus is on the issues of patriotism, attitude to the state, trust in government institutions, youth migration, as well as employment. A diverse palette of studies using mainly qualitative methodology is demonstrated.
Work-family balance: assessments of successful working parents
Authors: Shabunova Alexandra , Leonidova Galina
Published: March 2023

In the context of the intensification of labor activity, the spread of unstable forms of employment, the growth of informatization and digitalization of social development, the unstable economic situation, the issues of ensuring a balance between the work and personal life of the working population are being actualized. This is especially important for workers with families and, most importantly, children, because in the modern realities (depopulation, high mortality rate in working age, low birth rate), the importance of determinants of family well-being increases significantly. And in a situation where parents are successful workers building a career or developing their business, the problem of the balance between work and living space is even more relevant. The purpose of the article is to analyze the balance of personal life and work of successful working parents. The context of the success of working parents in the analysis of the work-life balance is the scientific novelty of the study, the practical significance is connected with the possibility of using data in the management activities of economic entities in development of social support measures for employees. The information base of the study was made up of data from sociological studies: the pilot sociological study "Modern Successful Man" conducted in 2018 (no. = 492 people) by an international scientific group (psychologists, economists, sociologists) in the cities of Vologda, Cherepovets, Petrozavodsk and Kolomna (Russia), Minsk (Belarus), Lublin (Poland), as well as monitoring the quality of labor potential (no.=1500people) conducted in Vologda oblast by employees of the Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 57% of the cross-country study participants identify themselves with successful people. 100% of working parents in Vologda oblast agree with the statement that "work is a way to achieve success." It was found out that working parents who consider themselves successful people show significantly higher satisfaction with life and work in general, including directly with the balance of personal and work life. It is shown that having a family not only does not interfere with the career aspirations of spouses, but even contributes to them. balance, work, personal life, working parents, work satisfaction.
Demographic features of the COVID-19 spreading in the Arctic region
Authors: Loginov Vladimir
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the features of the reproduction of the population in the Arctic region in the post-Soviet period and in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective analysis of the population dynamics is carried out and the factors of the population change in the post-Soviet period are identified. There is noted a significant impact of the economic development and social well-being level of the territory on the change in demographic indicators that determine the positive vector and scales of both natural and, in some years, mechanical population growth. The factors affecting the spread of COVID-19 in the Arctic subject of the Russian Federation — Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and the level of mortality and morbidity from coronavirus, their impact on the population reproduction over two years of the pandemic has been identified, based on the characteristics of the socio-economic and demographic development, the geographical location of the region and its municipalities. The role of the coronavirus pandemic as the main source of excess mortality in 2020-2021, and the dependence of the morbidity and mortality of the population on the age structure, the characteristics of the spread of coronavirus infection, the impact of the population level and geographic location are examined. There are identified intra-regional differences and local areas having their own specifics, both in socio-economic and demographic terms, and features of the pandemic spread. The hypothesis about the role of older ages of 60+ as the main risk group in determining the rate of spread and the number of deaths due to the coronavirus has been empirically confirmed. Analysis of the statistical data on the dynamics of morbidity and mortality in the period under review made it possible to identify the cyclicity of the waves of the first and second indicators in time from the lowest level to the peak, the duration of which was eight months.
Factors affecting the decision about having a child and the number of children by women in Russia
Authors: Filimonova Irina , Ivershin Anastasia , Komarova Anna , Krivosheeva Olga
Published: March 2023

Birth rate has a special place among the demographic factors determining the growth of population and the pace of the country's economic development. Solution to the problem of proper fertility in Russia is in building a powerful state demographic policy based on strengthening the key determinants of the reproductive process. The work is devoted to identifying the determinants of making a decision about the birth of a child in Russian families, understanding of which will allow substantiating the ways to improve the effectiveness of the demographic policy to stimulate the birth rate. To study fertility factors, two econometric models were built: a logistic regression for dependent variable of having a child during the year and an ordinal logistic regression for the number of children. The models took into account the problem of endogeneity — there was used instrumental variables method. The main data source was the RLMS HSE statistical database. The primary analysis of the data showed that in Russia the transition to European family type continues: there is an increase in the age at which women have children, and extramarital unions are spreading. As a result of the regression analysis, it was found out that the probability of having a child during the year is influenced primarily by personal and socio-economic factors, as well as working conditions. The number of children a woman has is affected by all types of factors, in particular— socio-economic factors and working conditions. Families that are not sure of their future financial stability, including their living conditions, are less likely to have a large number of children. The paper gives recommendations for assessing the effectiveness of the state demographic policy in Russia.
Parental leave in the system of socio-economic processes: a theoretical review
Authors: Blednova Natalia
Published: March 2023

Parental leave is one of the most important components in the structure of family policy in most developed countries. In foreign practice, three types of leaves are available: maternity leave, paternity leave and parental leave. The researchers note that development of the leave policy has a favorable economic, social and demographic effect. For this reason, the issue of leaves is becoming more and more popular every year and attracts attention of a wide range of scientists. Nevertheless, in the domestic scientific literature, the phenomenon of parental leave remains practically unexplored. This article is devoted to the study of the impact of parental leave on other socioeconomic processes — employment, gender equality and fertility — and related areas of government policy. Exploring this relationship, the author notes positive impact of paternity leave and paternity quotas on the distribution of responsibilities between men and women in the professional and family spheres of life. The positive economic effects from the use of parental leave as one of the tools to protect workers in the labor market are described. These effects consist mainly in increasing the employment rate of women and reducing the wage gap between men and women. In addition, the impact of parental leave on the birth rate is considered—on the one hand, the use of paternity leave stimulates parents for subsequent childbearing, on the other hand, opportunity costs increase, which negatively affect the reproductive attitudes of mothers. The author draws a conclusion about the relationship between parental leave policy and other areas of state policy — employment policy, gender equality policy and demographic policy. In the author's opinion, the discovered relationship indicates the importance of the issue of parental leave and the need to study it in Russia.
Toward a Synthesis of Computational Power and Human Wisdom. Review of a Book by Frank Pasquale «New Laws of Robotics: Defending Human Expertise in the Age of AI»
Authors: Sokolov Dmitry
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the main ideas of F. Pasquale’s book “New Laws of Robotics: Defending The Human Knowledge in the Age of AI”. In his work, Pasquale actively uses the experience gained over many years in understanding the processes of digitalization, suggesting that the transition to new forms of the economy is not an inevitable catastrophe, but as an opening of the widest range of opportunities for people who are ready to integrate the latest technologies into their lives. The book proposes the laws of robotics, supplementing the classical postulates of A. Asimov, and outlines the contours of a new paradigm for understanding scientific and technological development. This paradigm is based on the idea of synthesisof human expertise with computing power. Pasquale notes that albeit the development of artificial intelligence and robotics will require large-scale reforms of the socio-economic system, the result of them may be not the displacement of people from the labor market, but rather the transformation of machines into assistants for human work. Achieving such a goal, Pasquale emphasizes, necessarily requires that digitalization and automatization have not so much technological as legal and cultural constraints that guide its course. In this case, the introduction of AI will become a factor that increases the value of human expertise, insteadof ending up reshaping the economy in the interests of large corporations and technocratic elites.
Dachas for Academicians: Practices of Distribution and Organization of Space, 1930–1980s
Authors: Dolgova Evgenia
Published: March 2023

In the article, by the history of dacha settlements of academicians, the evolution of the principles of organization of privileged dacha space in the USSR is characterized. The author examines the practices of distribution and organization of departmental dachas,attempts to fit their history into the focus of everyday collective and interpersonal interactions of scientists, broad social processesof intertwining elitists and egalitarian tendencies of the epoch under consideration. Obtaining “academic” dachas was closely related to the reputational component, social and professional recognition, and the administrative resource of a particular researcher. In this regard, the practiceof departmental suburban space consolidate the established hierarchyin the Soviet scientific community. The principle of complex development (concentration of construction in one place, in the format of a closedsettlement, with the presence of a settlement-orient infrastructure) resultedin corporate isolationof socio-professional groups (primarily the nobility). In the competition of several principles - open and closedtypecooperation, departmental and private economic structure, the right of use and the right of personal property - distinct features of Soviet society were manifested: limited resources, bureaucratization of the distribution system, instability of property rights, but formed a unique “informal” space of “old-timers” settlements. Theresearchis based on a wide range of unpublished sources (clerical work, documents of personal origin) from the funds of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
Journal “Legal Linguistics”: abstract review
Authors: Mursa Irina N. , Shadrina Kseniya D.
Published: March 2023

The result of close and significant social, state and scientific interaction between language and law is the development of a new applied branch of linguistic knowledge – Legal Linguistics. The term “legal linguistics” was introduced in 1999. At the same time, the first issue of the publication “Legal Linguistics” was published – a project designed to comprehend and discuss current problems at the intersection of language and law and immediately became one of the most cited scientific sources in the academic community of Russia. The rubrication of the journal, gradually formed in the course of analysis by the editorial board of submitted copyright materials, reflects the most acute and global issues of this scientific direction. In November 2021, a significant event took place that opened a new milestone in the life of a twenty-year-old publication. The journal “Legal Linguistics” is included in the list of peer-reviewed scientific publications, which should publish the main scientific results of dissertations for the degree of Candidate of Science, for the degree of Doctor of Science (VAK) in the following specialties: 5.1.1. Theoretical and historical legal sciences, 5.1.4. Criminal Law Sciences, 5.9.5. Russian language. Languages of the peoples of Russia, 5.9.8. Theoretical, applied and comparative linguistics. The work presents an abstract review of the issues of the journal “Legal Linguistics”, summarizing the scientific developments of researchers in the field of interaction between language and law. The specifics of the journal and the periodicity of its publication are analyzed; the main thematic sections and headings are indicated.
Impact of xerostomia and the use of dental prosthesis on the quality of life of elderly
Authors: Demarchi Larissa Steilmann , Vogel Mayara Trapp , Haubert Gabrielle , Rigo Lilian
Published: March 2023

Aim: To evaluate the impact of xerostomia, edentulism, use of dental prosthesis, and presence of chronic diseases on quality of life in relation to oral health in institutionalized elderly individuals. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was administered containing the following instruments: Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), which measures the quality of life related to oral health; the Summated Xerostomia Inventory questionnaire (SXI-PL) for evaluation of xerostomia, sociodemographic data, clinical description, and patient-reported factors was assessed (edentulism, use of dental prostheses, and chronic diseases). Results: Most elderly individuals did not have any teeth in their mouths and used dental prosthesis. The impact on quality of life, considering the mean of the OHIP-14 scores, was positive in 58.3% of the elderly. Those who used a dental prosthesis were three times more likely to have their oral health negatively impacted (OR=3.09; 95%CI =1.17 8.11), compared to those who did not use, and individuals with xerostomia were more likely to have their oral health negatively impacted (OR=1.57; 95%CI=1.25-1.98) compared to those without xerostomia. There was no difference in the quality of life of individuals with and without chronic diseases. Conclusions: The feeling of dry mouth and use of dental prostheses negatively impacted the quality of life in relation to oral health of the elderly.
Perlindungan Kepada Masyarakat Terhadap Malpraktek Jabatan Notaris Dalam Proses Pembutan Akta Autentik
Authors: Kusuma Niko Jaya
Published: March 2023

Notaris memilik kewenangan yang sangat besar salah satunya pembuatan akta autentik dan tidak dapat untuk dihindarkan kewenangan tersebut menimbulkan adanya malpraktek disertai tindakan tertentu yang tidak dipenuhinya suatu peraturan perundang-undangan oleh Notaris itu sendiri, dimana notaris tidak memenuhi kewajiban sesuai ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 tahun 2004 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris, dan Kode Etik dari jabatan notaris. Karenanya penulis ingin menjawab permasalahan seperti Bagaimanakah perlindungan hukum kepada masyarakat terhadap Malpraktek yang dilakukan oleh notaris secara legalitas hukum? Dan Bagaimanakah konsep pemberian sanksi kepada notaris yang melakukan malpraktek pembuatan akta autentik? Tujuan penelitian ini sebagai upaya penegakan hukum kepada oknum notaris dan edukasi masyarakat umum. Metode yang dipakai ialah penelitian normatif-empiris, dengan cara mengkaji hukum baik secara tertulis melalui berbagai aspek materi, peraturan perundang-undangan, teori dan implementasi di masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan masih adanya malpraktek oleh notaris, terlihat pada Putusan Nomor: 236/Pdt.G/2017/PA.Pal, Putusan Nomor: 154 K/Pdt/2016 dan Putusan Nomor: 89/Pid.B/2020/PN Dps, karenanya perlindungan hukum kepada masyarakat terhadap malpraktek oleh notaris dapat dicegah dengan mengetahui bentuk sahnya Akta Notaris, dimana akta tersebut harus memperhatikan ketentuan-ketentuan di Pasal 38 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris.
Extracellular vesicles from the CNS play pivotal roles in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration: lessons from in vitro experiments
Authors: Colvett Isaac , Saternos Hannah , Coughlan Christina , Vielle Anne , Ledreux Aurélie
Published: March 2023

Intercellular communication between diverse cell types is crucial for the maintenance of the central nervous system, and exosomes have been shown to play an important role in this process. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are released by all cell types and carry cargoes that can elicit downstream effects in recipient cells. Exosomal communication in the central nervous system has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, ranging from Alzheimer’s disease to major depressive disorder. Though there remain many unknowns in the field of EV biology, in vitro experiments can provide many insights into their potential roles in health and disease. In this review, we discuss the findings of many in vitro EV experiments, with a focus on the potential roles in regulating cell viability, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurite integrity in the central nervous system.
Relating a System’s Hamiltonian to its Entropy Production Using a Complex-Time Approach
Authors: Parker Michael Charles , Jeynes Chris
Published: March 2023

We exploit the properties of complex time to obtain an analytical relationship based on considerations of causality between the two conserved quantities of a system’s Hamiltonian and its Entropy Production. In natural units, when complexified, the one is simply the Wick-rotated complex-conjugate of the other. A Hilbert transform relation is constructed in the formalism of Quantitative Geometrical Thermodynamics which enables system irreversibility to be handled analytically within a framework that unifies both the microscopic and macroscopic scales, and which also unifies the treatment of both reversibility and irreversibility as complementary parts of a single physical description. In particular the thermodynamics of two unitary entities are considered: the alpha particle which is absolutely stable (that is, trivially reversible with zero entropy production), and a black hole whose absolute disequilibrium (unconditional irreversibility) is characterized by a non-zero entropy production for which we show an alternate derivation confirming our previous one (Universe 7, 2021, 325). The thermodynamics of a canonical decaying harmonic oscillator are also considered. In this treatment the complexification of time also enables a meaningful physical interpretation of both “imaginary time” and “imaginary energy”.
Disease-Specific α-Synuclein Seeding and Structural Properties in Lewy Body Disease and Multiple System Atrophy are Preserved in Formaldehyde-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Human Brain
Authors: Kim Ain , Martinez-Valbuena Ivan , Li Jun , Lang Anthony E. , Kovacs Gabor Geza
Published: March 2023

Recent studies have been able to detect α-synuclein (αSyn) seeding in formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from patients with synucleinopathies using seed amplification assays (SAAs), but with relatively low sensitivity due to limited protein extraction efficiency. With the aim of introducing an alternative option to frozen tissues, we developed a streamlined protein extraction protocol for evaluating disease-specific seeding in FFPE human brain. We evaluated the protein extraction efficiency of different tissue preparations, deparaffinizations, and protein extraction buffers using formaldehyde-fixed and FFPE tissue of a single Lewy body disease (LBD) subject. Alternatively, we incorporated heat-induced antigen-retrieval and dissociation using a commercially available kit. Our novel protein extraction protocol has been optimized to work with 10 sections of 4.5-µm-thickness or 2-mm-diameter micro-punch of FFPE tissue that can be used to seed SAAs. We demonstrated that extracted proteins from FFPE still preserve seeding potential and further show disease-specific seeding in LBD and multiple system atrophy. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to recapitulate disease-specific αSyn seeding behavior in FFPE human brain, with structural validation. Our findings open new perspectives in re-evaluating archived human brain tissue, extending the disease-specific seeding assays to larger cohorts to facilitate molecular subtyping of synucleinopathies.
Co-Precipitation of CD, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Carbonates Using Vibrio harveyi Strain Isolated From Mediterranean Sea Sediment
Authors: Jarwar Mazhar Ali , Del Buey Pablo , Sanz-Montero M Esther , Dumontet Stefano , Chianese Elena , Pasquale Vincenzo
Published: March 2023

Heavy metal contamination is listed among the most alarming threats to the environment and human health. The detrimental effects of heavy metals in the natural environment span from a reduction of biodiversity to toxic effects on marine life - through microplastic born heavy metals -, to impairment of microbial activity in the soil, and to detrimental effects on animal reproduction. A host of different chemical and biological technologies have been proposed to alleviate environmental contamination by heavy metals. Relatively less attention has been paid to the microbial precipitation of heavy metals, as a side mechanism of the most general process of microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP). This process is currently receiving a great deal of interest from both a theoretical and practical standpoint, because of its possible practical applications in concrete healing and soil consolidation, and its importance in the more general framework of microbial induced mineral precipitation. In this study, we analyse the ability of the marine bacteria Vibrio harveyi in co-precipitating CaCO3 minerals, together with Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn added in form of nitrates, from solutions containing CaCl2. The precipitated carbonatic minerals were a function of the different heavy metals present in the solution. The process of co-precipitation appears to be rather effective and fast, as the concentrations of the 4 heavy metals were reduced in 2 days by 97.2%, on average, in the solutions.
Differences in Psychological Vulnerability, Mental Health Liter-Acy, Positive Mental Health, and Health Behaviours in Portu-Guese Higher Education Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nogueira Maria José , Carvalho José Carlos , Costa Patrício Soares , Sequeira Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT: Psychological vulnerability (PV) and low mental health literacy correlate negatively with higher education students' positive mental health and health behaviours. Levels of mental health literacy limit self-help, adaptative coping strategies and academic success. However, few studies examine the significant differences between students' PV, mental health literacy, positive mental health (PMH) and modifiable behaviours variables. Identifying modifiable vulnerability factors is essential when seeking and providing professional help. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to investigate the differences between modifiable behaviours and PV, mental health literacy, and PMH in higher education students. A sample of 3,600 undergraduate students was recruited, mostly female (78.8%), with an average age of 23 years (SD = 6.68). Results: The majority were women, did not exercise, were dissatisfied with sleep quality time per night (62.1% sleep less than 7 hours per night) and did not engage in leisure activities. Also, most respondents had PV and low literacy levels, particularly at F1, and 67.9% scored in the flourishing group. Results showed significant differences (p<0.001) between gender, age, sleep, exercise, diet, leisure activities and PV, and PMH and literacy. Conclusions: The results identified modifiable vulnerability factors that underpin the design of intervention-targeted programmes to promote literacy and PMH in higher education campuses in Portugal to foster students’ well-being and self-help strategies.
IgG4 Antibodies Induced by mRNA Vaccines Generate Immune Tolerance to SARS-CoV-2’spike Protein by Suppressing the Immune System
Authors: Uversky Vladimir N. , Redwan Elrashdy M. , Makis William , Rubio-Casillas Alberto
Published: March 2023

Due to the health crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2, the creation of a new vaccine platform based on mRNA was implemented. Globally, around 13.32 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses of diverse platforms have been given, and up to this date, 69.7% of the total population received at least one injection of a COVID-19 vaccine. Although these vaccines prevent hospitalization and severe forms of the disease, increasing evidence has shown they do not produce sterilizing immunity, allowing people to suffer frequent re-infections. Recent research has also raised concerns that mRNA vaccines could induce immune tolerance, which, added to that caused by the virus itself, could complicate the clinical course of a COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, recent investigations have found high IgG4 levels in people who were administered two or more injections of mRNA vaccines. It has been suggested that an increase in IgG4 levels could have a protecting role by preventing immune over-activation, similar to that occurring during successful allergen-specific immunotherapy by inhibiting IgE-induced effects. Altogether, evidence suggests that the reported increase in the IgG4 levels detected after repeated vaccination with the mRNA vaccines is not a protective mechanism; rather, it may be a part of the immune tolerance mechanism to the spike protein that could promote unopposed SARS-CoV2 infection and replication by suppressing natural antiviral responses. IgG4-induced suppression of the immune system due to repeated vaccination can also cause autoimmune diseases, promotes cancer growth, and autoimmune myocarditis in susceptible individuals.