bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Medical Findings in Child Sexual Abuse: An Update For 2018
Authors: Adams Joyce A.
Published: December 2018

When child sexual abuse is suspected, it is important for medical professionals to understand normal as well as abnormal features of the external genital and anal tissues in children. Physicians and other healthcare professionals who rarely perform a detailed examination of these areas may mistakenly interpret normal findings, or findings caused by conditions unrelated to abuse, as signs of injury due to sexual abuse. For this reason, it is important for all medical professionals to have a basic understanding of the appearance of the genital and anal tissues in children. Examples of normal and abnormal genital and anal findings are provided via annotated images. This review presents a research-based summary of how medical findings in children should be interpreted with respect to possible sexual abuse. Resources for obtaining expert review of medical findings are described.
Institutional Factors Contribute to Variation in Intubation Rates in Status Epilepticus
Authors: Guterman Elan L. , Burke James F. , Josephson S. Andrew , Betjemann John P.
Published: December 2018

Background:

To explore intubation rates among patients with status epilepticus (SE) and the degree of institutional variation.

Methods:

Serial cross-sectional study of SE-related hospitalizations from 2004 to 2013 using data from the National Inpatient Sample. The primary outcome was intubation of patients with SE. Multivariable models identified predictors of intubation, institutional variation in intubation rates, and the proportion of variance attributable to individual hospitals. This analysis was repeated using data from 5 states in the State Inpatient Databases (SID).

Results:

There were 119 337 SE hospitalizations. The overall intubation rate was 32.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.2%-33.3%). There was marked variation in estimated intubation rates, ranging from 2% to 80% in the lowest and highest quintile after adjustment. There was somewhat less variability in the SID cohort where quintiles ranged from 10% to 54%. Those undergoing intubation were more often men and presenting with stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, central nervous system infection, hyponatremia, and alcohol withdrawal. Urban location (odds ratio [OR]: 3.8, 95% CI: 2.7-5.5) and hospitalization at a teaching institution (OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.2-12.6) were even stronger predictors of intubation after adjustment for clinical factors. A regression including both patient- and hospital-level variables to predict intubation also performed better than a regression including patient factors alone (C statistic 0.81 vs 0.59, respectively).

Conclusions:

There is considerable institutional variation in intubation rates for SE independent of patient characteristics suggesting that decisions around intubation rest heavily on where one is hospitalized. Further work is needed to clarify how this variation influences outcomes.
Learning to Lead the Learning of Leaders: The Evolution of the University of Washington’s Education Doctorate
Authors: Honig Meredith I. , Donaldson Walsh Emily
Published: December 2018

The field of educational leadership has also come to recognize the central importance of improving the quality of leadership preparation across leaders’ careers, including at the doctoral level, for strengthening equitable teaching and learning in schools. What do doctoral programs that strive to realize such equity goals do? With what results? In this article, we address those questions with an analysis of the University of Washington’s Leadership for Learning (L4L) EdD program. We base our analysis on a review of two decades of program data and our experience participating in L4L program design and implementation.
Contactin-1 and contactin-2 in cerebrospinal fluid as potential biomarkers for axonal domain dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chatterjee Madhurima , Koel-Simmelink Marleen JA , Verberk Inge MW , Killestein Joep , Vrenken Hugo , Enzinger Christian , Ropele Stefan , Fazekas Franz , Khalil Michael , Teunissen Charlotte E
Published: December 2018

Background

Contactin-1 and contactin-2 are important for the maintenance of axonal integrity.

Objective

To investigate the cerebrospinal fluid levels of contactin-1 and contactin-2 in multiple sclerosis patients and controls, and their potential use as prognostic markers for neurodegeneration.

Methods

Cerebrospinal fluid contactin-1 and contactin-2 were measured in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis ( n = 41), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis ( n = 26) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients ( n = 13) and controls ( n = 18), and in a second cohort with clinically isolated syndrome patients ( n = 88, median clinical follow-up period of 2.3 years) and controls ( n = 20). Correlations/linear regressions were analysed with other baseline cerebrospinal fluid axonal damage markers and cross-sectional/longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging features.

Results

Contactin-1 and contactin-2 levels were up to 1.4-fold reduced in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (contactin-1: p = 0.01, contactin-2: p = 0.02) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (contactin-1: p = 0.05, contactin-2: p = 0.02) compared to controls. In clinically isolated syndrome patients, contactin-1 tended to increase when compared to controls ( p = 0.07). Both contactin-1 and contactin-2 correlated with neurofilament light, neurofilament heavy and magnetic resonance imaging metrics differently depending on the disease stage. In clinically isolated syndrome patients, baseline contactin-2 level (β = –0.42, p = 0.04) predicted the longitudinal decline in cortex volume.

Conclusion

Cerebrospinal fluid contactin-1 and contactin-2 reveal axonal dysfunction in various stages of multiple sclerosis and their inclusion to the biomarker panel may provide better insight into the extent of axonal damage/dysfunction.
Symptomatic calcification of the lateral collateral ligament: a case report
Authors: Matsuda Megumi , Yamamoto Asako , Sasahara Jun , Oba Hiroshi , Furui Shigeru
Published: December 2018

Symptomatic calcification is an entity in which hydroxyapatite calcific deposits cause inflammation, then burst and dissolve into the surrounding structures. Although a well-known pathologic condition in the rotator cuff tendons, it can also occur in other structures of the locomotor system. Radiographs are usually taken at the initial examination but can also be useful for follow-up evaluation of the course of the calcified matter. Here, we present a case of symptomatic calcification of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee, in which movement of the calcified matter could be observed both by radiography and magnetic resonance imaging as correlated with the clinical symptoms.
Investment Decision-Making Process between Different Groups of Investors: A Study of Indian Stock Market
Authors: Raut Rajdeep Kumar , Kumar Rohit
Published: December 2018

This article attempts to identify differences in perception for the seven most prominent behavioural biases between two groups of individual investors: (a) experienced and (b) new to the market investors in investment decision-making. Primary data have been collected from the active individual stock market participants from the four states of India, namely, Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal. Findings of this study suggest that respondents have a similar perception for availability bias, representativeness and emotional contagion while the other four factors such as herding, informational cascades, anchoring and overconfidence show significant discrimination in investment decision-making between the two groups of investors. Herding is identified as the most discriminatory factor for investor groups.
Danger in Public Spaces: Strengths and Limitations of Image- and Text-Based Warning Signs
Authors: Towner Emil B.
Published: December 2018

This study examines the effectiveness of images on warning signs that communicate risk and risk avoidance in public spaces. Specifically, I compared data from 749 survey responses to determine whether the use of images can increase the effectiveness of a warning sign in a public space. Although the findings indicate that image-based warning signs are better at communicating risk and deterring dangerous activity, longer expository text-only warning signs may be more effective at helping people identify and participate in safe activities. Implications and future studies are offered in the conclusion.
Pope Francis’s Preferential Option for Migrants, Refugees, and Asylum Seekers
Authors: Tan Jonathan Y.
Published: December 2018

Pope Francis’s consistent advocacy for the human dignity and rights of migrants in his official pronouncements and actions reveals a pope who not only cares deeply about the existential challenges that migrants face but also articulates solutions to address these challenges. He unequivocally expresses a preferential option for, and commitment to, accompanying migrants in empathy and solidarity. He addresses issues of poverty, economic marginalization, environmental degradation, and racial, political, and religious tensions that drive migration today. For him, migration is a missional issue that undergirds the church’s mission to bring the Good News to everyone, migrants included.
Cyst-related primary lung malignancies: an important and relatively unknown imaging appearance of (early) lung cancer
Authors: Mets Onno M. , Schaefer-Prokop Cornelia M. , de Jong Pim A.
Published: December 2018

It is well known that lung cancer can manifest itself in imaging as solid and subsolid nodules or masses. However, in this era of increased computed tomography use another morphological computed tomography appearance of lung cancer is increasingly being recognised, presenting as a malignancy in relation to cystic airspaces. Despite the fact that it seems to be a relatively common finding in daily practice, literature on this entity is scarce and presumably the overall awareness is limited. This can lead to misinterpretation and delay in diagnosis and, therefore, increased awareness is urgently needed. This review aims to illustrate the imaging appearances of cyst-related primary lung malignancies, demonstrate its mimickers and potential pitfalls, and discuss the clinical implications based on the available literature and our own experience in four different hospitals.
The roles of dystroglycan in the nervous system: insights from animal models of muscular dystrophy
Authors: Nickolls Alec R. , Bönnemann Carsten G.
Published: December 2018

Dystroglycan is a cell membrane protein that binds to the extracellular matrix in a variety of mammalian tissues. The α-subunit of dystroglycan (αDG) is heavily glycosylated, including a special O-mannosyl glycoepitope, relying upon this unique glycosylation to bind its matrix ligands. A distinct group of muscular dystrophies results from specific hypoglycosylation of αDG, and they are frequently associated with central nervous system involvement, ranging from profound brain malformation to intellectual disability without evident morphological defects. There is an expanding literature addressing the function of αDG in the nervous system, with recent reports demonstrating important roles in brain development and in the maintenance of neuronal synapses. Much of these data are derived from an increasingly rich array of experimental animal models. This Review aims to synthesize the information from such diverse models, formulating an up-to-date understanding about the various functions of αDG in neurons and glia of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Where possible, we integrate these data with our knowledge of the human disorders to promote translation from basic mechanistic findings to clinical therapies that take the neural phenotypes into account.
Comparison of clustering tools in R for medium-sized 10x Genomics single-cell RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Freytag Saskia , Tian Luyi , Lönnstedt Ingrid , Ng Milica , Bahlo Melanie
Published: December 2018

Background: The commercially available 10x Genomics protocol to generate droplet-based single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data is enjoying growing popularity among researchers. Fundamental to the analysis of such scRNA-seq data is the ability to cluster similar or same cells into non-overlapping groups. Many competing methods have been proposed for this task, but there is currently little guidance with regards to which method to use.

Methods: Here we use one gold standard 10x Genomics dataset, generated from the mixture of three cell lines, as well as multiple silver standard 10x Genomics datasets generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells to examine not only the accuracy but also running time and robustness of a dozen methods.

Results: We found that Seurat outperformed other methods, although performance seems to be dependent on many factors, including the complexity of the studied system. Furthermore, we found that solutions produced by different methods have little in common with each other.

Conclusions: In light of this we conclude that the choice of clustering tool crucially determines interpretation of scRNA-seq data generated by 10x Genomics. Hence practitioners and consumers should remain vigilant about the outcome of 10x Genomics scRNA-seq analysis.
Carrying out streamlined routine data analyses with reports for observational studies: introduction to a series of generic SAS® macros
Authors: Liu Yuan , Nickleach Dana C. , Zhang Chao , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Kowalski Jeanne
Published: December 2018

For a typical medical research project based on observational data, sequential routine analyses are often essential to comprehend the data on hand and to draw valid conclusions.  However, generating reports in SAS® for routine analyses can be a time-consuming and tedious process, especially when dealing with large databases with a massive number of variables in an iterative and collaborative research environment. In this work, we present a general workflow of research based on an observational database and a series of SAS® macros that fits this framework, which covers a streamlined data analyses and produces journal-quality summary tables. The system is generic enough to fit a variety of research projects and enables researchers to build a highly organized and concise coding for quick updates as research evolves. The result reports promote communication in collaborations and will escort the research with ease and efficiency.
A Malawi guideline for research study participant remuneration
Authors: Gordon Stephen B. , Chinula Lameck , Chilima Ben , Mwapasa Victor , Dadabhai Sufia , Mlombe Yohannie ,   Malawi Research Ethics Workshop 2018 Participants
Published: December 2018

Background: Research participant remuneration has been variable and inconsistent world-wide for many years owing to uncertainty regarding best practice and a lack of written guidelines for investigators and research ethics committees.  Recent recommendations are that researchers and regulators should develop regionally appropriate written guidelines to define reasonable remuneration based on expense reimbursement, compensation for time and burden associated with participation.   Incentives to motivate participation are acceptable in specific circumstances.

Methods: We wished to develop regionally informed, precise and applicable guidelines in Malawi that might also be generally useful for African researchers and review committees.  We therefore reviewed the current literature and developed widely applicable and specific remuneration tables using acceptable and evidence-based payment rationales.

Results: There were good international guidelines and limited published regional guidelines.  There were published examples of best practice and sufficient material to suggest a structured remuneration table.  The rationale and method for the table were discussed at an inter-disciplinary workshop resulting in a reimbursement and compensation model with fixed rates.  Payment is recommended pro rata and equally across a study.

Conclusions: Transparent, fair remuneration of research participants is recommended by researchers and regulators in Malawi.  The means to achieve this are now presented in the Malawi research participant remuneration table.
The Strategy in Competitive Interactions
Authors: Van den Steen Eric
Published: December 2018

This paper reviews, discusses, and expands the “core guidance” definition of strategy as “the smallest set of choices to optimally guide (or force) other choices.” It first discusses what this definition contributes relative to the existing proposed definitions. It then considers the extension of this definition to the context of competitive interactions: whether the definition makes sense in that context and what it implies for decisions to be strategic in such context. As part of this analysis, it also uses the definition to explore a new issue: why quantity-based competitive moves might be more strategic than price-based moves.
ETHICAL DECISION MAKING IN ACTION: EVALUATING HOSPITAL CARE ATTENDANCE APPROACHES
Authors: Forbes Julie E. , Hebb Abigail M. , Mu Enrique
Published: December 2018

Patient safety is a priority in the hospital.  Hospitals are always considering cost effective ways to keep patients safe and free from harm.  Every year an average of 340,000 hospitalized patients are injured due to falls. Providing the best possible care attendance to prevent these incidents is very important.  It is demonstrated here that, beyond medical and financial considerations, the proper selection of care attendance is an ethical decision. This decision requires considering the needs of, as well as getting input from, all the parties involved (hospitals, nurses, and patients). Unfortunately, until now, the care attendance discussion has mainly considered the hospital’s perspective and rarely that of the patient. Using a stakeholder theoretical approach taken from ethical decision making literature and the Analytic Hierarchy Process which allows the integration of multiple stakeholder perspectives and the inclusion of intangible variables (such as patient’s perceived value), we developed an evaluation framework to enable the prioritization and allocation of resources to the different care attendance approaches: care attendant (CA), continuous video monitoring (CVM), normal rounding (NR) and family visitor sitters (FVS). The decision criteria have been identified from the extant medical evidence-based literature, and expert opinions from three decision-makers (each representing a particular stakeholder’s perspective) were used to assess the criteria weights and rate the alternatives.
MEASURING PERFORMANCE OF MIDDLE EAST AIRLINES – AHP APPROACH
Authors: Mimovic Predrag Miroslav , Budim?evi? Kristina , Marciki?-Horvat Aleksandra
Published: December 2018

Over the past decade, the airline industry has undergone a number of changes thanks to accelerated technological progress, changes in consumer preferences and turbulent political events. Bearing in mind the dynamic development of the airline industry, the concept of performance evaluation has been given increasing importance. Therefore, there is a need to further explore the defined terms and relations in order to properly respond to the changes that have occurred. Using the models of multi-criteria analysis, it is possible to perform a comprehensive assessment of an airline’s performance. Accordingly, the study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in order to evaluate the performance of three Middle East airlines, Emirates, Etihad and Qatar Airways, with the goal of improving the service quality and customer satisfaction. For the purpose of conducting a comprehensive analysis, besides the AHP model, statistical non-parametric tests were used as well, in order to examine the preference of tangible and intangible components of service quality.
IJAHP in 2018
Authors: Mu Enrique
Published: December 2018

Welcome to our third and last issue in 2018!  This year has been marked by several important changes in our journal and the AHP/ANP community at large. First, this is the first year we are indexed by SCOPUS, signaling a new maturity stage in our journal...
FATORES EXPLICATIVOS DAS POLÍTICAS CONTÁBEIS DE PROPRIEDADE PARA INVESTIMENTO E HEDGE ACCOUNTING DE EMPRESAS LISTADAS NA BM&FBOVESPA
Authors: Santos Cleston Alexandre dos , Floriani Ricardo , Klann Roberto Carlos
Published: December 2018

O estudo das políticas contábeis tem como referência o trabalho de Watts e Zimmerman (1979) e a principal finalidade da teoria positiva da contabilidade é prover explicações para as políticas contábeis adotadas pelas empresas (WATTS, 1992; CABELLO, 2012). O presente artigo tem por objetivo evidenciar os fatores explicativos das políticas contábeis de propriedade para investimento e hedge accounting utilizadas por empresas listadas na BM&F BOVESPA. Embora não se tenha encontrado suporte para os fatores explicativos das políticas de propriedade para investimento, evidencia-se que as políticas de hedge accounting encontram explicação nos fatores explicativos analisados. O estudo se justifica na busca dos determinantes das escolhas de políticas contábeis utilizadas por empresas brasileiras de capital aberto e na provisão de explicações específicas para os padrões encontrados. Metodologicamente, o estudo caracteriza-se como descritivo, realizado por meio de análise documental e abordagem quantitativa no período de 2010 à 2016. Para responder à questão de pesquisa foi utilizada a técnica estatística de regressão logística. Nos resultados encontrados, verificou-se que a política contábil Propriedade para Investimento não se apresentou relacionada com as variáveis analisadas. Em relação à política contábil Hedge Accounting, verificou-se que as variáveis: tamanho da empresa e auditadas por big four podem ser considerados como fatores determinantes para a sua utilização nas empresas da BM&F Bovespa que compõem a amostra da pesquisa.
RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL EN LA HOTELERÍA. UN ENFOQUE ÉTICO
Authors: Hernández Sánchez Alexis Ricardo , Vargas Martínez Elva Esther , Castillo Nechar Marcelino , Zizumbo Villarreal Lilia
Published: December 2018

Recientemente se ha observado que las cuestiones éticas a pesar de ser favorables en muchos aspectos de la gestión empresarial, materializarlas en resultados no es una tarea sencilla, siendo que algunas empresas han fracasado en el intento de asumir una forma de operación que esté vinculada con un buen desempeño económico, social y ecológico; en ese sentido, la responsabilidad social (RS) es una vía que las empresas hoteleras han encontrado para alcanzar la tan anhelada ventaja competitiva. Este artículo presenta los resultados cualitativos acerca de las prácticas de RS en hoteles de negocios de cuatro y cinco estrellas ubicados en la República Mexicana. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo donde se destacan resultados que indican que la RS en los hoteles, se construye con la visión económica convencional, donde la empresa busca la rentabilidad maximizando sus beneficios económicos a través de factores como el mejoramiento de la productividad, el incremento de la riqueza de los accionistas y el servicio de calidad hacia los clientes.
Decolonizing the “Universal” Human Rights Regime: Questioning American Exceptionalism and Orientalism
Authors: Hakimeh Saghaye-Biria
Published: December 2018

This article aims to decolonize the discourse of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights through the lens of Critical Muslim Studies, arguing that such systems of “international norms” are Eurocentric in character and hegemonic in practice. I argue that the promotion of a Western system of human rights as universal works through the two pillars of Orientalism and Eurocentrism, focusing particularly on the discourse of American exceptionalism as a distinct American form of Eurocentrism. Such a critique is a necessary first step for creating the grounds for alternative human rights orders, such as the notion of Islamic human rights. To be successful, any alternative Islamic system for alleviating human oppression and suffering should first dismantle the hegemonic grip of Orientalism and Eurocentrism on human rights.
Progressive Islam – A Rose by Any Name? American Soft Power in the War for the Hearts and Minds of Muslims
Authors: Farid Esack
Published: December 2018

The aftermath of the 11 September 2001 attacks on the United States brought into sharp relief the leading role of that country in shaping contemporary Muslim discourses to create discursive urgencies that meet its ideological needs. Reflections on a short but very intense battle for the term “Progressive Islam” between a small group of international activists in the Network of Progressive Muslims (NPM), on one hand, and the US organization, Progressive Muslims of North America (PMUNA), on the other, is one manifestation of how this battle for the hearts and minds of Muslims as part of a larger ideological contestation has played out. This article examines the rupture between the two claimants to the term “Progressive Islam” within the context of (a) the varying historical usages of the term, (b) the need for Muslims to be dealing with intrareligious matters, and (c) the instrumentalization of such reform by the US-led empire as part of an uncritical liberal Muslim response that views Traditional and Fundamentalist expressions of Islam as their primary contradiction rather than Global North-driven imperialism and neo-colonial hegemony. The article argues that in the case of the United States, while recognizing the historicity of all expressions of religions, the projecting of rethinking and reconstructing religious tradition should not be undertaken as an extension of an externally driven “religion-building project” but instead by believers who both own Islam and share their own complicity as citizens of the empire.
Transforming employment support for individuals with health conditions?: 3Cs to the aid of the Work, Health and Disability Green Paper
Authors: Whitworth Adam
Published: December 2018

The UK's recent Improving Lives Green Paper, and the new joint Work and Health Unit that penned it, offers a genuine window of opportunity for much-needed transformative change in service user experiences and system performance around health-related unemployment. Its analysis of the current system problems and its articulation of the UK's need for a better integrated future work-health system are well-considered. Its proposed reforms to bridge the gap are, however, inadequate. Focusing on this conversion gap, the article highlights the central but neglected role of three Cs (capacity, conditionality, connectivity) urgently needed to come to the aid of the Green Paper vision if it is to realise its potential.
Music and world-building in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Authors: English Helen Jane , Monk Sarah , Davidson Jane W.
Published: December 2018

This article investigates the perceived benefits of music community membership within a historical framework of music making in the same geographical locations. Research was carried out in the Newcastle, Lake Macquarie and Hunter Valley regions of New South Wales. These regions were selected because of their connection with ongoing historical research on the role of music in world-building for these communities in the early settler period. Coalmining was the major industry underpinning the founding of these regions and today it is still a dominant presence, whether it be as active mines or felt as the impact of mine closures. The research aimed to compare music communities across time, looking for continuities and discontinuities in paradigms and experiences related to world-building. while music’s affordances in the historical communities were deduced through a close reading of historical sources, the perceived personal and social benefits of current communities were investigated using qualitative methods. Six music communities were chosen for their historical connections and diversity in musical styles, instrumentation, approach and membership. The researchers attended rehearsals and held focus groups to explore changes over time and the effect on members. The qualitative data analysis revealed clear links back to earlier music community experiences in the region.
Um possível caso de sífilis adquirida num esqueleto oriundo da Ermida do Espírito Santo (séculos XV–XIX, Almada, Portugal)
Authors: Rosa Sérgio , Henriques Fernando Robles , António Telmo , Curate Francisco
Published: December 2018

A Ermida do Espírito Santo, em Almada, foi provavelmente fundada durante os séculos XIV ou XV mas, após o Terramoto de 1755 — e até finais do século XVIII — serviu como sede da freguesia de Santa Maria do Castelo, período durante o qual foi amplamente utilizada como espaço sepulcral. No decurso da escavação arqueológica prévia ao início das obras de requalificação da Ermida foram recuperados os restos esqueléticos de 88 indivíduos. Neste trabalho apresentam-se as lesões ósseas num indivíduo adulto do sexo feminino que configuram, de forma mais provável, um diagnóstico de sífilis venérea. Desse modo, releva-se a presença de um pequeno foco de caries sicca na região direita do frontal — este tipo de lesão gomatosa é considerado patognomónico em paleopatologia. O frontal (junto à órbita direita) e os zigomáticos apresentam microporosidade e neoformação óssea. O úmero e o fémur direitos, bem como a tíbia e a clavícula esquerdas, exibem periostites e osteítes, com espessamento diafisário extenso. As lesões observadas não são bilaterais, exceto no caso dos malares. Para além da sífilis adquirida, outras opções diagnósticas são consideradas, designadamente outras treponematoses, no contexto histórico da Ermida do Espírito Santo.
Cancer et pluralisme thérapeutique. Enquête auprès des malades et des institutions médicales en France, Belgique et Suisse
Authors: Maia Marta
Published: December 2018

Cohen, Patrice; Sarradon-Eck, Alice; Rossi, Illario; Schmitz, Olivier; Legrand, Émilie. 2015. Cancer et pluralisme thérapeutique. Enquête auprès des malades et des institutions médicales en France, Belgique et Suisse.Collection Anthropologies & Médecines. Paris: L’Harmattan.ISBN : 978-2-343-07731-4, 286 pp., 31.00€DOI : https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7982_35_8
Virulence typing and antibiotic susceptibility profiling of thermophilic Campylobacters isolated from poultry, animal, and human species
Authors: Rawat Neelam , Maansi  , Kumar Deepak , Upadhyay A. K.
Published: December 2018

Background and Aim: Campylobacteriosis finds its place among the four important global foodborne illnesses. The disease, though self-limiting, needs antibacterial therapy in extraintestinal complications. Therefore, the present study was designed to estimate the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacters in poultry, animals, and humans of the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. Materials and Methods: A total of 609 samples comprising of poultry ceca (n=116), poultry droppings (n=203), and feces of pigs (n=71), cattle (n=61), sheep (n=19), goat (n=17), human beings (n=88), and laboratory animals (n=34) (rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs) were collected. The thermophilic Campylobacters, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were confirmed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The isolates were also screened for the presence of virulence genes, and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was done against eight antibiotics. Results: An overall prevalence of 6.24% was revealed with highest from poultry ceca (15.52%), followed by poultry droppings (5.91%), cattle feces (4.92%), human stools (3.40%), and pig feces (2.82%). The virulence genes, namely cadF, flaA, virB11, and pldA, were present in 38 (100%), 37 (97.37%), 7 (18.42%), and 14 (36.84%) isolates, respectively. All the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, while all were sensitive to erythromycin and co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: It was concluded that the animals and humans in the region harbored the thermophilic Campylobacters which may contribute to the human illness. Resistance shown among the isolates may complicate the antimicrobial therapy.
Salvaging on the Coast of Erebus Bay, King William Island: An Analysis of Inuit Interaction with Material from the Franklin Expedition
Authors: Thacher Dana
Published: December 2018

Over the course of the 19th century, many European explorers sailed in search of a Northwest Passage through the Canadian Arctic. These journeys brought them into territory occupied by Inuit, who both traded with the explorers for various goods and interacted with the material that they left behind. This study examines the remains of two ship’s boats from three sites on King William Island (NgLj-2, NgLj-3, and NgLj-8) that were abandoned by members of the Franklin expedition and subsequently found and altered by an Inuit sub-group called the Netsilik to reveal the motivational factors behind their actions. It demonstrates that Inuit used these boats in a manner that reflects (1) their environment, (2) what the material afforded, (3) their past experiences with Europeans and European material, and (4) their intended uses of the material. These alterations ascribed new meaning to the material and redefine the remains of the boats in Erebus Bay as simultaneously Netsilik and European material.
Denning Ecology of Wolves in East-Central Alaska, 1993–2017
Authors: Joly Kyle , Sorum Mathew S. , Cameron Matthew D.
Published: December 2018

Dens are a focal point in the life history and ecology of gray wolves (Canis lupus), and their location can influence access to key resources, productivity, survivorship, and vulnerability to hunting, trapping, and control efforts. We analyzed the selection of den sites and the phenology of their use inside the Yukon-Charley River National Preserve from 1993 to 2017 to enhance our understanding of this resource. At the landscape scale, we found that wolves in east-central Alaska selected den sites that were lower in elevation, snow free earlier in the spring, exposed to greater solar radiation, and closer to water. Den sites were also associated with areas that had burned less recently and had lower terrain ruggedness at the 1 km scale. These results supported our hypothesis that wolves would den relatively close to essential resources (water and prey) and in areas that are drier (melt earlier) in the spring. At the home range scale, wolves also selected den sites at lower elevations and showed a strong selection for the center of their home range. Furthermore, the average distance between active den sites was 37.3 km, which is slightly greater than the average radius (32.5 km) of a home range of a pack. Our results support our hypothesis that dynamic social factors modulate the selection of environmental factors for den site location. Wolves den away from other packs to reduce competition and exposure to intraspecific conflict. High-quality denning habitat does not currently appear to be a limiting factor for this population. Females, on average, entered their dens on 10 May, stayed inside the den for eight days, and remained less than 1 km from the den for an additional six days after emerging. We found that wolves denning at higher elevations entered their dens later than those at lower elevations, which also supported one of our hypotheses. Lastly, we documented limited evidence of earlier denning over time. Long-term monitoring projects, such as ours, are critical in identifying these types of trends.
List intersection for web search
Authors: Kim Sunghwan , Lee Taesung , Hwang Seung-won , Elnikety Sameh
Published: December 2018

This paper studies the optimization of list intersection, especially in the context of the matching phase of search engines. Given a user query, we intersect the postings lists corresponding to the query keywords to generate the list of documents matching all keywords. Since the speed of list intersection depends the algorithm, hardware, and list lengths and their correlations, none the existing intersection algorithms outperforms the others in every scenario. Therefore, we develop a cost-based approach in which we identify a search space, spanning existing algorithms and their combinations. We propose a cost model to estimate the cost of the algorithms with their combinations, and use the cost model to search for the lowest-cost algorithm. The resulting plan is usually a combination of 2-way algorithms, outperforming conventional 2-way and
k
-way algorithms. The proposed approach is more general than designing a specific algorithm, as the cost models can be adapted to different hardware. We validate the cost model experimentally on two different CPUs, and show that the cost model closely estimates the actual cost. Using both real and synthetic datasets, we show that the proposed cost-based optimizer outperforms the state-of-the-art alternatives.
Multi-norm structure based on enveloping 𝐶∗-algebras
Authors: Shams Yousefi Marzieh
Published: December 2018

A non-trivial multi-norm structure based on the enveloping {C^{*}}-algebras will be discussed in this paper. The main example is group {C^{*}}-algebras on compact groups. Also a (generalizing) non-trivial multi-norm structure based on the Fourier and Fourier–Stieltjes algebras on compact groups will be given.
Assay of β-glucosidase 2 (GBA2) activity using lithocholic acid β-3-O-glucoside substrate for cultured fibroblasts and glucosylceramide for brain tissue
Authors: Harzer Klaus , Yildiz Yildiz , Beck-Wödl Stefanie
Published: December 2018

Beta (β)-glucosidase 2 (GBA2) is deficient in a form of human spastic paraplegia due to defects in GBA2 (SPG46). GBA2 was proposed as a modifier of Gaucher disease, a lysosomal storage disease resulting from deficient β-glucosidase 1; GBA1. Current GBA2 activity assays using artificial substrates incompletely model the activity encountered in vivo. We studied GBA2 activity, using lithocholic acid β-glucoside or glucosylceramide as natural β-glucosidase substrates in murine tissues or cultured patient fibroblasts with the pathologic genotypes: Gba1−/−
; Gba2−/−
; GBA1−/−
; GBA2+/−
and found expected and unexpected deviations from normal controls.
Italy after the Pyrrhic War: the Beginnings of Roman Colonization in Etruria
Authors: Bianchi Edoardo
Published: December 2018

My paper aims to clarify the subsequent steps of Rome’s encroachment on Etruria in the aftermath of the Pyrrhic War. As is well known, the Latin colony of Cosa was founded in 273 BC on the Tyrrhenian coast to the north of Vulci; moreover, in the years 264–245 BC, four citizen colonies were founded on the Caeretan coast, namely Castrum Novum, Pyrgi, Alsium and Fregenae. Unfortunately, it is not easy to reconstruct precisely what the Roman movements in Etruria were, or how the Etruscans reacted to them. Above all, it is difficult to determine whether (and to what extent) a colonial foundation like Cosa – which was contemporary with the establishment of Paestum in Lucania – was part of a broader and coherent strategy that the Romans had been following in their expansion into the Italian peninsula. By evaluating all the available evidence, I will try to demonstrate that the foundation of Cosa depended more upon particular contingencies than upon any preconceived plan for the conquest of Italy.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[aqua-(μ2-1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane-1,7-dicarboxylato-κ2
O:O′)-(1,10-phenanthrolin-κ2
N,N′)copper(II)], C16H20B10CuN2O5
Authors: Liguo Yang , Xin Wang , Yongsheng Niu , Haixiang Song , Dayong Tian , Linna Gao
Published: December 2018

C16H20B10CuN2O5, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.4252(8) Å, b = 13.5409(14) Å, c = 23.020(3) Å, β = 94.4880(10)°, V = 2307.4(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0583, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1320, T = 298(2) K [1], [2], [3].
How do you teach transdisciplinary competences for food and farming systems research? Insights from the course “System Analysis and Scenario Technique”
Authors: Fiala Valentin , Freyer Bernhard , Klimek Milena , Fahringer Alexandre
Published: December 2018

In this paper we evaluate whether the course “System Analysis and Scenario Technique” at BOKU University can equip students with the necessary competencies to perform transdisciplinary research to foster the integration of science, technology, policy and practice. Furthermore, we investigate what the most effective didactic methods applied in the course are, and whether the course qualifies as transdisciplinary pedagogy. The course follows the simplified framework of a transdisciplinary case study and tries to transfer such an approach into the traditional curricula of Master programs. An online survey among former participants of the course was conducted. Results for the years 2015/16 and 2016/17 indicate that the course indeed has potential to increase transdisciplinary competencies among participants and could therefore qualify as transdisciplinary pedagogy. Students expressed that work with real-world cases and stakeholders from outside the university was the most effective didactic method. However, the study also showed that there were limits in integrating real-world cases within the course. Students complained about the high workload and time constraints. Short-term solutions might include optimizing case selection and student guidance. Long-term solutions beg for a reorganization of traditional Austrian curricula that would allow for the appropriate arrangement of the course with other classes. These results highlight some of the advantages, but also drawbacks of moving transdisciplinary education outside of standard curricula.
Enhancement of psychomotor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder by employing a mechatronic training kit
Authors: Moorthy Ramya S. , Iyer Kritika , Krishnan R. Hari , Pugazhenthi S.
Published: December 2018

Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children has been increasing over the years. These children, when compared to typically growing children, face challenges in leading a day-to-day life. Other than the social interactions, communication and cognitive skills, psychomotor skill deficits are also found in them. This paper focuses on enhancement of psychomotor skills in children with ASD by employing a mechatronic training kit. Training using this kit aims at developing skills like ‘palmar grasp’, ‘wrist rotation’ and ‘eye-hand coordination’. Trials were conducted with six children with autism aged between four and nine years. Significant improvements were seen in these children both in skills and in behaviour after the training. Thus, teaching psychomotor skills to children with autism using the newly developed mechatronic door training kit is found to be working and the results are encouraging.
Puritanischer Terror
Authors: Japp Klaus P.
Published: December 2018

Der Aufsatz thematisiert die puritanische Programmierung der religiösen Semantik altjüdischer, protestantischer und islamistischer Gruppierungen. Alle drei Protestbewegungen werden in einem Zusammenhang von Struktur und Semantik gesehen, der durch die Ausdifferenzierung puritanischer Sekten konstituiert wird. Der einschlägige Strukturbezug wird in der Ausdifferenzierung von religiös verfassten Sekten gesehen, deren Konkurrenzdynamik durch puritanisch-protestantische Motivbeschreibungen (Max Weber) gesteuert wird. Die Konkurrenz der Sekten untereinander und mit der jeweiligenKirchetreibt einen religiösen Reinigungs- und Steigerungszusammenhang an. Der Sektencode – gläubig/ungläubig – absorbiert ökonomische, politische (Waldmann, Pape) und anderweitig kulturelle Motive (Roy, Tibi) und nicht umgekehrt. Allein die puritanische Eigendynamik des religiösen Eigensinns kann äußerste Radikalität der Weltablehnung gewährleisten, wie sie für die diskutierten Sekten typisch ist. Die semantischen Traditionen für die Programmierung dieses Codes lassen sich in der radikalen Theologie von Augustinus‘ „Logik des Schreckens“ paradigmatisch identifizieren. Im „Makkabäer-Syndrom“ (Jan Assmann), in den protestantischen Sekten im 16./17. Jahrhundert (Max Weber) und den islamistischen Protestbewegungen (Gilles Kepel) finden sich Manifestationen dieses Paradigmas. Es wird durch Formen religiöser Selbstbeschreibung gestützt, die der Gesellschaft (der Sekten) Zentrum und Spitze verschaffen (Luhmann). Fundamentalismus und Terrorismus resultieren aus der puritanischen Eigendynamik religiöser Sekten.
Religiös inspirierter Terrorismus als Parasit politischer Macht und seine gesellschaftlichen Voraussetzungen in historisch vergleichender Perspektive
Authors: Schneider Wolfgang Ludwig
Published: December 2018

Religiös inspirierter Terrorismus kann als wohl älteste Form des Terrorismus gelten. Der Aufsatz sieht dafür die folgenden Gründe: Bereits in den hochkulturellen Reichen setzt die Differenzierung zwischen politischer Macht und religiösem Glauben als symbolisch generalisierten Kommunikationsmedien ein. Grundlage dafür ist die politische Verfügung über militärische Gewalt. Zwischen den Medien Macht und Glaube besteht dabei eine Beziehung der partiellen Überschneidung und Wahlverwandtschaft, die es sowohl ermöglicht, dass beide Medien einander stützen, als auch, dass sie miteinander in Konflikt geraten. Wenn es zum Konflikt zwischen Machthabern und religiösen Führern kommt, nehmen letztere typisch die Position der Machtunterlegenen ein, aus der sie versuchen, religiös begründete Ansprüche gegenüber machtüberlegenen Herrschern zur Geltung zu bringen. Terroristische Gewalt ist besonders geeignet, unter solchen Bedingungen Gegenmachtansprüche wirksam zu kommunizieren und fungiert dabei alsParasit politischer Macht. An drei Beispielen aus Antike, Mittelalter und Gegenwart werden die gesellschaftsstrukturell begründeten Übereinstimmungen und Differenzen herausgearbeitet, welche die historisch-konkrete Ausprägung dieses Parasiten jeweils bestimmen.
Die Inklusion des Todes Arrangements des Terrors unter dem Blickwinkel konditionierter Koproduktion von Bewusstsein, Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft
Authors: Vogd Werner
Published: December 2018

Unter welchen Konstellationen einer konditionierten Koproduktion kann es zum ‚Einschnappen‘ in eine Todesbereitschaft kommen, die den Tod bringt und erleiden lässt? Welche Formen der Verschränkung von Ego und Alter Ego sowie von Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft können dazu führen, dass die Imaginäre des Todes bedeutsamer werden als die Autopoiesis des eigenen Körpers? Mit Blick auf Luhmanns Theorie der Autopoiesis des Bewusstseins wird zunächst deutlich, dass die Problematik eines epistemischen Dualismus, der den Menschen sich über die eigene Körperlichkeit erheben lässt, immer schon angelegt ist. Angefangen beim Selbstmord und endend beim gesellschaftlich und gemeinschaftlich hoch integrierten Terror der SS werden unterschiedliche Arrangements aufgezeigt, in denen sich das Ich-Selbst gegenüber dem Leib hypostasiert. Abschließend wird von den Fallbeispielen abstrahiert, um zu einer Heuristik analytisch zu unterscheidender Konstellationen des Terrors zu gelangen. Es wird deutlich, dass Terror nicht gleich Terror ist und je nach Konstellation andere Antworten gefragt sind.