bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Mechanistic Insight into Lipoxygenase
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cooperative Binding and Multiple Recognition by Bridged Bis(β‐cyclodextrin)s with Functional Linkers
Authors: Liu Yu , Chen Yong
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
α‐C‐Galactosylceramides: Synthesis and Immunology
Authors: Franck Richard W. , Tsuji Moriya
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
P‐Phos: A Family of Versatile and Effective Atropisomeric Dipyridylphosphine Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Wu Jing , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Chemistry of 3‐Cyanopyridine‐2(1H)‐chalcogenones
Authors: Litvinov V. P.
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with Modified Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Nitta Yuriko
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Barbier‐Type Alkylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Alkyl Halides Using Metallic Strontium
Authors: Miyoshi Norikazu , Ikehara Daitetsu , Matsuo Tsuyoshi , Kohno Tadashi , Matsui Aki , Wada Makoto
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Practical Synthesis of Multifunctional Compounds Through Pd/C‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions
Authors: Seki Masahiko
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Remarkable Crossed Co‐Isomerization Reaction of Cyclopropyl Ketones and Enones via Nickeladihydropyrans
Authors: Lloyd‐Jones Guy C.
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Benzophenoxazine‐Based Fluorescent Dyes for Labeling Biomolecules
Authors: Jose Jiney , Burgess Kevin
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tsuji—Trost Allylic Alkylation with Ketone Enolates
Authors: Braun Manfred , Meier Thorsten
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recommended Liquid—Liquid Equilibrium Data. Part 4. 1‐Alkanol—Water Systems
Authors: Goral Marian , Wisniewska‐Goclowska Barbara , Maczynski Andrzej
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Protein Glycosylation, Conserved from Yeast to Man: A Model Organism Helps Elucidate Congenital Human Diseases
Authors: Lehle Ludwig , Strahl Sabine , Tanner Widmar
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Antibiotic Biosynthetic Pathways and Pathway Engineering — A Growing Research Field in China
Authors: Deng Zixin , Bai Linquan
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Different Molecular Cascades in Different Sites of the Brain Control Memory Consolidation
Authors: Izquierdo Ivan , Bevilaqua Lia R. M. , Rossato Janine I. , Bonini Juliana S. , Medina Jorge H. , Cammarota Martin
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amplification of Chirality in Liquid Crystals
Authors: Eelkema Rienk , Feringa Ben L.
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Olive Mill Wastes and Their Valorisation Methods
Authors: Roig A. , Cayuela M. L. , Sanchez‐Monedero M. A.
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
J. J. Thomson: Winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics 1906
Authors: Thomas John Meurig
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Interplays Between Reactions within and Without the Catalytic Cycle of the Heck Reaction as a Clue to the Optimization of the Synthetic Protocol
Authors: Schmidt Alexander F. , Al Halaiqa Ayman , Smirnov Vladimir V.
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Quantum Mechanical Calculation of the Effects of Stiff and Rigid Constraints in the Conformational Equilibrium of the Alanine Dipeptide
Authors: Echenique Pablo , Calvo Ivan , Alonso J. L.
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dynamic HPLC on Chiral Stationary Phases: A Powerful Tool for the Investigation of Stereomutation Processes
Authors: D'Acquarica Ilaria , Gasparrini Francesco , Pierini Marco , Villani Claudio , Zappia Giovanni
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
NMR of Liquid Crystals and Micellar Solutions
Authors: Monduzzi Maura , Murgia Sergio
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Watanabe Tokuko
Published: January 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Purification of 2,6‐Diisopropylnaphthalene by Static Melt Crystallization from a Mixture Containing Diisopropylnaphthalene Isomers
Authors: Tian Zheng‐Hua , Jia Hong‐Min , Zhao Gui‐Li , Hu Wei‐Qi
Published: January 2007

2,6‐Diisopropylnaphthalene (2,6‐DIPN), as the precursor of important monomer 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, could be produced by the shape‐selective isopropylation of naphthalene with propene resulting in an isomeric mixture having different alkylation levels. Since the boiling points of DIPNs were very close and the differences of melting points in‐between isomers were quite distinctive, the static melt crystallization was applied to separate and purify 2,6‐DIPN from its isomers. 2,6‐DIPN with purity ≥99% was produced through a process of three stages: crystallization→sweating→melting. The phase diagram of 2,6‐DIPN‐2,7‐DIPN binary system was plotted to optimize the temperature control of crystallization. By repeated crystallization of melts with different concentration levels, the yield of pure 2,6‐DIPN could be enhanced to 87%. No solvent was necessary.
One‐pot Synthesis of 4‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,2‐dihydropyrimidines
Authors: Lin Yun , Liu Jin‐Tao , Yang Xian‐Jin
Published: January 2007

4‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,2‐dihydropyrimidines were synthesized in moderate yields by the one‐pot reaction of 4‐ethoxy‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐3‐buten‐2‐one, aldehydes and ammonia catalyzed by zinc chloride under mild conditions.
Crystal Structure and Ethylene Oligomerization Catalytic Activity of {2‐Carbethoxy‐6‐[1‐[(2,6‐diethyl‐phenyl)imino]ethyl]pyridine}CoCl2
Authors: Sun Bi‐Yun , Zhao Jian‐She , Gao Quan‐Chang
Published: January 2007

The unsymmetric precursor ethyl 6‐acetylpyridine‐2‐carboxylate (4) was synthesized from 2,6‐dimethylpyridine (1). On the basis of this precursor, a new mono(imino)pyridine ligand (5) and the corresponding Co(II) complex {2‐carbethoxy‐6‐[1‐[(2,6‐diethylphenyl)imino]ethyl]pyridine}CoCl2 (6) were prepared. The crystal structure of complex indicates that the 2‐carbethoxy‐6‐iminopyridine is coordinated to the cobalt as a tridentate ligand using [N, N, O] atoms, and the coordination geometry of the central cobalt is a distorted trigonal bipyramid, with the pyridyl nitrogen atom and the two chlorine atoms forming the equatorial plane. Being applied to the ethylene oligomerization, this cobalt complex shows catalytic activity of 1.820×104 g/mol‐Co·h at 101325 Pa of ethylene at 15.5 °C for 1 h, when 1000 equiv. of methylaluminoxane (MAO) is employed as the cocatalyst.
Synthesis and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of the Complex of Samarium p‐Methylbenzoate with 1,10‐Phenanthroline
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Jun , Ren Ning , Xu Su‐Ling
Published: January 2007

The complex [Sm(p‐MBA)3phen]2 (p‐MBA, p‐methylbenzoate; phen, 1,10‐phenanthroline) was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV spectra. The thermal decomposition process of [Sm(p‐ MBA)3phen]2 was studied under a static air atmosphere by TG‐DTG and IR techniques. Thermal decomposition kinetics was investigated employing a newly proposed method, together with the integral isoconversional non‐linear method. Meanwhile, the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH≠, ΔG≠ and ΔS≠) were also calculated. The lifetime equation at mass‐loss of 10% was deduced as ln τ=−24.7825+18070.43/T by isothermal thermogravimetric analysis.
Synthesis and Liquid Crystalline Properties of 3‐Substituted Pentane‐2,4‐dione, Pyrazole and Isoxazole Derivatives
Authors: Han Jie , Guo Hui , Wang Xiao‐Guang , Pang Mei‐Li , Meng Ji‐Ben
Published: January 2007

Theγ‐substitutedβ‐diketonate 2,4‐dioxo‐3‐pentyl 4‐[4‐(n‐octyloxy)cinnamoyl]oxybenzoate1and its pyrazole and isoxazole derivatives (2and3respectively) have been synthesized and characterized by the spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The mesogenic properties of these compounds have been studied by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A monotropic nematic mesophase was observed for theβ‐diketonate1, in contrast, the pyrazole2displays an enantiotropic smectic A and isoxazole3exhibits an enantiotropic nematic mesophase. The relationship between the structure and liquid crystalline properties has also been discussed.
ReCl(CO)5‐catalyzed Reactions of Aromatic Compounds with 1,3,5‐Trioxane or Aqueous Formaldehyde Affording Diarylmethanes
Authors: Hua Rui‐Mao , He Jun‐Yi , Sun Hong‐Bin
Published: January 2007

ReCl(CO)5 catalyzed the dehydration reaction of aromatic compounds with 1,3,5‐trioxane or aqueous formaldehyde (37 wt%) under air. The reactions of a variety of aromatic compounds bearing electron‐donating group(s) with 1,3,5‐trioxane afforded the corresponding diarylmethanes in moderate to good yields.
Crystal Structure, Thermal Decomposition Behavior and the Standard Molar Enthalpy of Formation of a Novel 3D Hydrogen‐ Bonded Supramolecular [Co(HnicO)2·(H2O)2]
Authors: Zeng Ming‐Hua , Wu Mei‐Chun , Zhu Li‐Hong , Liang Hong , Yang Xu‐Wu
Published: January 2007

Hydrothermal synthesis and X‐ray characterized 3D supramolecular networks were constructed by [Co(HnicO)2·(H2O)2] (HnicOH=2‐hydroxynicotinic acid) (1) as building block via abundant dimeric homomeric (N–H···O) and unusually cyclic tetrameric heteromeric (O–H···O) hydrogen‐bonds. It is noted that there exist unusually linear metal‐water chains comprised of tetrameric units linked by vertexes sharing cobalt centers through hydrogen‐bonding. TG‐DTG curves illustrated that thermal decomposition was completed by two steps, one is the loss of two terminal water molecules in the range of 156–234 °C, and the other is the pyrolysis of HnicO ligand in the range of 234–730 °C. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the complex was determined to be (−1845.43±2.77) kJ·mol−1 by a rotary‐bomb combustion calorimeter.
Evaluation of Orbital‐ and Ground State Energies of Some Open‐ and Closed‐Shell Atoms over Integer and Noninteger Slater Type Orbitals
Authors: Yakar Yusuf
Published: January 2007

Ab initio calculations of the orbital and the ground state energies of some open‐ and closed‐shell atoms over Slater type orbitals with quantum numbers integer and Slater type orbitals with quantum numbers noninteger have been performed. In order to increase the efficiency of these calculations the atomic two‐electron integrals were expressed in terms of incomplete beta function. Results were observed to be in good agreement with the literature.
Studies on the Middle‐phase Microemulsion of Lauric‐N‐methylglucamide
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Deng , Gao Yan‐Hong , Chai Jin‐Ling , Wu Chang‐Ju , Li Gan‐Zuo
Published: January 2007

The phase behaviour of the middle‐phase microemulsion for the quaternary system lauric‐N‐methylglucamide (MEGA‐12)/n‐butanol/alkane/water has been studied with Winsor type, δ‐γ fishlike and novel ε‐β fishlike phase diagrams. A series of phase inversions Winsor I ($\underline {2}$)→III (3)→II ($\overline {2}$) were observed for the three kinds of phase diagrams. The phase types, the phase volumes and the range of alcohol concentrations from the beginning to the end of the middle‐phase microemulsion were obtained from Winsor phase diagram. From δ‐γ fishlike phase diagram, the physicochemical parameters, such as the mass fraction of n‐butanol in the hydrophile‐lipophile balanced interfacial layer, AS, the coordinates of the start and end points of the middle‐phase microemulsion, and the solubilities of MEGA‐12 and n‐butanol in alkane phase were calculated. The novel ε‐β fishlike phase diagram was also presented. From this kind of diagram, the above experimental phenomena were observed and the physicochemical parameters were calculated precisely. The novel fishlike phase diagram has advantages over the Winsor and δ‐γ fishlike phase diagrams in the evaluation of the solubilization power of the microemulsion and calculation of the related physicochemical parameters.
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Tri‐substitute Potassium Salt of Trinitrophloroglucinol
Authors: Chen Hong‐Yan , Zhang Tong‐Lai , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Yang Li , Qiao Xiao‐Jing
Published: January 2007

The title complex [K3(TNPG)·(H2O)2]n was synthesized by the reaction of the aqueous solutions of trinitrophloroglucinol (TNPG) with KHCO3. The complex was characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy, and its single crystal structure was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The structural analysis demonstrates that two different coordination modes of K cations [K(1) and K(2)] are around TNPG3− anions in complex [K3(TNPG)·(H2O)2]n, where the coordination numbers are eight. All K atoms coordinate with O atoms of phenolic hydroxyl group and nitro‐group simultaneously. The thermolysis of the [K3(TNPG)·(H2O)2]n has been investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry‐derivative thermogravimetry (TG‐DTG) at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The thermal decomposition processes of the title complex were comprised of one endothermic dehydration stage and one exothermic decomposition stage in 270–320 °C, and the final decomposition residue contained KNC. Impact and friction sensitivity results of the complex revealed its sensitive nature towards mechanical stimuli. The experiments verified that the complex has some characteristics of explosive.
Preparation, Crystal Structure and Enthalpy Change of Formation of the Reaction in Liquid Phase of a New Three‐Dimensional Mixed‐Ligand Holmium(III) Coordination Polymer Based on Strong π‐π Stacking Interactions
Authors: Ren Yi‐Xia , Chen San‐Ping , Gao Sheng‐Li
Published: January 2007

A new three‐dimensional coordination polymer, [Ho(5‐nip)(phen)(NO3)(DMF)] (5‐nip=5‐nitroisophthalic acid and phen=1,10‐phenanthroline), was prepared and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectrum and DTG‐DSC techniques. The results show that the title complex crystallizes in space group P2/m with a=1.0906(3) nm, b=1.2804 (3) nm, c=1.6987(4) nm, β=91.400(5)°, Z=4, Dc1.931 Mg/m3, F(000)= 1352. Each Ho(III) ion is nine‐coordinated by one chelating bidentate and two monodentate bridging carboxylate groups, one chelating bidentate NO−3 anion, one DMF molecule and one 1,10‐phenanthroline molecule. The complex is constructed with one‐dimensional ribbons featuring dinuclear units and the one‐dimensional ribbons are further assembled into two‐dimensional networks by strong π‐π stacking interactions with the distance of 0.327 nm, then the networks are arranged into three‐dimensional structure according to ABAB fashion. The complex exhibits high stability up to 600 °C. Its enthalpy change of formation of the reaction in liquid‐phase in solvent DMF was measured using an RD496‐III type microcalorimeter with a value of (−11.016±0.184) kJ·mol−1.
Thermochemical Properties and Decomposition Kinetics of Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate Monohydrate
Authors: Wu Jian , Yuan Ai‐Qun , Huang Zai‐Yin , Tong Zhang‐Fa , Chen Jie , Liang Rong‐Lan
Published: January 2007

Ammonium magnesium phosphate monohydrate NH4MgPO4·H2O was prepared via solid state reaction at room temperature and characterized by XRD, FT‐IR and SEM. Thermochemical study was performed by an isoperibol solution calorimeter, non‐isothermal measurement was used in a multivariate non‐linear regression analysis to determine the kinetic reaction parameters. The results show that the molar enthalpy of reaction above is (28.795±0.182) kJ/mol (298.15 K), and the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the title complex is (−2185.43±13.80) kJ/mol (298.15 K). Kinetics analysis shows that the second decomposition of NH4MgPO4·H2O acts as a double‐step reaction:an nth‐order reaction (Fn) with n=4.28, E1=147.35 kJ/mol, A1=3.63×1013 s−1 is followed by a second‐order reaction (F2) with E2=212.71 kJ/mol, A2=1.82×1018 s−1.
A Convenient Synthesis of Novel Meldrum's Acid C60 Fullerene Derivatives
Authors: Jiang Hu , Zhang Jian‐Min , Du Wei‐Qiong , Zhu Shi‐Zheng
Published: January 2007

A series of novel Meldrum′s acid C60 derivatives were prepared in moderate yields from a convenient one‐pot reaction of C60, the Meldrum's acid derivatives, I2 and 1,8‐diazabicyclo‐[5,4,0]‐undec‐7‐ene (DBU) in toluene at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. All the new compounds were fully characterized by the spectral data and elemental analysis. A carbene intermediate mechanism was proposed for this reaction.
A Study on the Reaction of 1‐(3‐Pyridyl)‐2,2‐di‐substituted Ethylenes with 1‐Benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide
Authors: Xu Hua‐Jian , Liu You‐Cheng , Fu Yao
Published: January 2007

The reaction of a series of 1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐2,2‐di‐substituted ethylenes with 1‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) in deaerated acetonitrile produces the corresponding 1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐2,2‐di‐substituted ethanes in contrast to benzylidenemalononitrile (BM) which does not react with BNAH under the same conditions.
Derivatives of Iressa, a Specific Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor, are Powerful Apoptosis Inducers in PC3 Prostatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Telliez Aurélie , Desroses Matthieu , Pommery Nicole , Briand Olivier , Farce Amaury , Laconde Guillaume , Lemoine Amélie , Depreux Patrick , Hénichart Jean‐Pierre
Published: January 2007

The tyrosine kinase activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is widely involved in signaling pathways and often deregulated in cancer. Its role in the development of prostate cancer is well established, and therapeutic strategies such as blockade of the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain with small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been proposed. Herein we describe the synthesis and in vitro pharmacological properties of C6‐ and C7‐substituted 4‐anilinoquinazolines, analogues of Iressa and powerful proapoptotic inducers in hormone‐independent prostate cancer PC3 cell lines.
Prospective study of adiposity and weight change in relation to prostate cancer incidence and mortality
Authors: Wright Margaret E. , Chang Shih‐Chen , Schatzkin Arthur , Albanes Demetrius , Kipnis Victor , Mouw Traci , Hurwitz Paul , Hollenbeck Albert , Leitzmann Michael F.
Published: January 2007

BACKGROUND.

Adiposity has been linked inconsistently with prostate cancer, and few studies have evaluated whether such associations vary by disease aggressiveness.

METHODS.

The authors prospectively examined body mass index (BMI) and adult weight change in relation to prostate cancer incidence and mortality in 287,760 men ages 50 years to 71 years at enrollment (1995–1996) in the National Institutes of Health‐AARP Diet and Health Study. At baseline, participants completed questionnaires regarding height, weight, and cancer screening practices, including digital rectal examinations and prostate‐specific antigen tests. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

RESULTS.

In total, 9986 incident prostate cancers were identified during 5 years of follow‐up, and 173 prostate cancer deaths were ascertained during 6 years of follow‐up. In multivariate models, higher baseline BMI was associated with significantly reduced total prostate cancer incidence, largely because of the relationship with localized tumors (for men in the highest BMI category [≥40 kg/m2] vs men in the lowest BMI category [<25 kg/m2]: RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50–0.89; P = .0006). Conversely, a significant elevation in prostate cancer mortality was observed at higher BMI levels (BMI <25 kg/m2: RR, 1.0 [referent group]; BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2: RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.87–1.80; BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2: RR, 1.46; 95% CI, 0.92–2.33; and BMI ≥35 kg/m2: RR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.08–4.15; P = .02). Adult weight gain from age 18 years to baseline also was associated positively with fatal prostate cancer (P = .009), but not with incident disease.

CONCLUSIONS.

Although adiposity was not related positively to prostate cancer incidence, higher BMI and adult weight gain increased the risk of dying from prostate cancer. Cancer 2007. Published 2007 by the American Cancer Society.
A pooled analysis of quality of life measures and adverse events data in north central cancer treatment group lung cancer clinical trials
Authors: Huschka Mashele M. , Mandrekar Sumithra J. , Schaefer Paul L. , Jett James R. , Sloan Jeff A.
Published: January 2007

BACKGROUND.

In this pooled analysis, the authors examined correlations between single‐item and multiple‐item quality of life (QOL) measures and assessed the agreement between clinically significant changes in QOL and patient‐reported adverse events (AE).

METHODS.

Data from 6 lung cancer clinical trials that involved 358 patients were pooled. All trials incorporated the Uniscale and 1 of 3 multiple‐item assessments: the Functional Assessment for Cancer Therapy‐Lung, the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale, or the Symptom Distress Scale. Spearman rank correlations and a Bland‐Altman approach were used to assess agreement. Time‐to‐event analysis was performed using the Kaplan‐Meier method.

RESULTS.

Correlations between the Uniscale and multiple‐item assessments were substantial (correlation coefficient = 0.49–0.66). At least 1 10‐point decline was reported in the Uniscale and multiple‐item assessments by 58% of patients and 39% of patients, respectively. At least 1 severe AE (grade ≥3) was reported in 35% of patients postbaseline. The percent agreement between experiencing a severe AE and a decline in QOL was 48% and 59% for the Uniscale and multiple‐item assessments, respectively. The median time to the first 10‐point decline in QOL for the Uniscale and multiple‐item assessments was 67 days and 142 days, respectively, and the median time to the first occurrence of a severe AE was 304 days.

CONCLUSIONS.

Information gleaned from the single‐item Uniscale assessment was comparable to that gleaned from multiple‐item global measures. There was moderate agreement between QOL and AE. A 10‐point decline in QOL occurred earlier than Common Toxicity Criteria AE reporting. This suggests the need for inclusion of a QOL instrument in lung cancer clinical trials. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in esophageal and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinomas
Authors: Wang Kim L. , Wu Tsung‐Teh , Choi In Seon , Wang Huamin , Resetkova Erika , Correa Arlene M. , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Swisher Stephen G. , Ajani Jaffer A. , Rashid Asif , Albarracin Constance T.
Published: January 2007

BACKGROUND.

The prognosis for patients with esophageal and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma remains poor, even after surgical resection. Pathologic assessment of depth of invasion and lymph node status are the primary prognostic factors in these patients. In patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression has been associated with a worse prognosis. It is not known whether EGFR plays a similar role in esophageal and EGJ adenocarcinomas.

METHODS.

To address this issue, the authors studied tumor specimens from 103 patients with surgically resected esophageal and EGJ adenocarcinomas (9 patients with stage I disease, 23 patients with stage II disease, 57 patients with stage III disease, and 14 patients with stage IV disease). The expression of EGFR was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays. Tumors were considered positive for EGFR expression when >5% of tumor cells were stained and negative when ≤5% of tumor cells were stained.

RESULTS.

EGFR was expressed in 33 of 103 adenocarcinomas (32%) and was correlated with higher pathologic tumor (T) classification (P = .02), the presence of lymph node metastasis (P = .01), and higher pathologic tumor, lymph node, metastasis classification (P = .02). EGFR expression also was correlated with shorter disease‐free and overall survival in univariate analyses (P = .001 and P = .004, respectively), and there was a trend toward a correlation between EGFR expression and shorter disease‐free survival in multivariate analyses (P = .07 and P = .08). The results demonstrated that EGFR expression in esophageal adenocarcinomas was correlated with advanced pathologic tumor classification and lymph node metastasis. EGFR expression also was correlated with poor disease‐free and overall survival, but that correlation was not independent of T classification.

CONCLUSIONS.

The current findings suggested that EGFR expression correlates with poor prognostic factors and may be used to predict patient outcomes. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Randomized phase II trial of two different schedules of docetaxel plus cisplatin as first‐line therapy in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Park Se Hoon , Choi Soo Jin , Kyung Sun Young , An Chang Hyeok , Lee Sang Pyo , Park Jeong Woong , Jeong Sung Hwan , Cho Eun Kyung , Shin Dong Bok , Hoon Lee Jae
Published: January 2007

BACKGROUND.

There is increasing interest in the use of a weekly administration of docetaxel as a way of reducing its hematologic toxicity. The purpose of the current randomized study was to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of docetaxel plus cisplatin combination on 2 schedules in patients with previously untreated, advanced nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS.

Consenting patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized to receive first‐line chemotherapy with cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on Day 1, plus 3‐weekly (75 mg/m2 on Day 1) or weekly (35 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 4‐week cycle) docetaxel, for up to 6 cycles.

RESULTS.

Of 86 patients accrued, 41 patients were treated with 3‐weekly and 43 with weekly docetaxel plus cisplatin. The most frequent grade 3/4 toxicity in the 3‐weekly arm was neutropenia (56% of patients). In those receiving the weekly regimen, the frequent grade 3/4 toxicities were fatigue (44%) and nausea/vomiting (35%). The overall response rate was 40% with the 3‐weekly and 39% with the weekly arm (P = .74). The median progression‐free survival was 4.3 months in the 3‐weekly arm and 3.9 months in the weekly arm (P = .08) and the median survival was 10.3 and 10.0 months, respectively (P = .76). Quality of life data showed no relevant difference between the arms.

CONCLUSIONS.

The weekly schedule of docetaxel plus cisplatin combination as first‐line chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC, while feasible, has no clear advantage over the standard 3‐weekly regimen. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Flow cytometry to sort mammalian cells in cytokinesis
Authors: Gasnereau Isabelle , Ganier Olivier , Bourgain Florence , Gramont Armand de , Gendron Marie‐Claude , Sobczak‐Thépot Joëlle
Published: January 2007

Background:

Cell division or cytokinesis, which results from a series of events starting in metaphase, is the mechanism by which the mother cell cytoplasm is divided between the two daughter cells. Hence it is the final step of the cell division cycle. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate that mammalian cells undergoing cytokinesis can be sorted selectively by flow cytometry.

Materials and Methods:

Cultures of HeLa cells were arrested in prometaphase by nocodazole, collected by mitotic shake‐off and released for 90 min into fresh medium to enrich for cells undergoing cytokinesis. After ethanol fixation and DNA staining, cells were sorted based on DNA content and DNA fluorescence signal height.

Results:

We define a cell population that transiently accumulates when synchronized cells exit mitosis before their entry into G1. We show that this population is highly enriched in cells undergoing cytokinesis. In addition, this population of cells can be sorted and analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blotting.

Conclusions:

This method of cell synchronization and sorting provides a simple means to isolate and biochemically analyze cells in cytokinesis, a period of the cell cycle that has been difficult to study by cell fractionation. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Combination of automated high throughput platforms, flow cytometry, and hierarchical clustering to detect cell state
Authors: Kitsos Christine M. , Bhamidipati Phani , Melnikova Irena , Cash Ethan P. , McNulty Chris , Furman Julia , Cima Michael J. , Levinson Douglas
Published: January 2007

Background:

This study examined whether hierarchical clustering could be used to detect cell states induced by treatment combinations that were generated through automation and high‐throughput (HT) technology. Data‐mining techniques were used to analyze the large experimental data sets to determine whether nonlinear, non‐obvious responses could be extracted from the data.

Methods:

Unary, binary, and ternary combinations of pharmacological factors (examples of stimuli) were used to induce differentiation of HL‐60 cells using a HT automated approach. Cell profiles were analyzed by incorporating hierarchical clustering methods on data collected by flow cytometry. Data‐mining techniques were used to explore the combinatorial space for nonlinear, unexpected events. Additional small‐scale, follow‐up experiments were performed on cellular profiles of interest.

Results:

Multiple, distinct cellular profiles were detected using hierarchical clustering of expressed cell‐surface antigens. Data‐mining of this large, complex data set retrieved cases of both factor dominance and cooperativity, as well as atypical cellular profiles. Follow‐up experiments found that treatment combinations producing “atypical cell types” made those cells more susceptible to apoptosis.

Conclusions:

Hierarchical clustering and other data‐mining techniques were applied to analyze large data sets from HT flow cytometry. From each sample, the data set was filtered and used to define discrete, usable states that were then related back to their original formulations. Analysis of resultant cell populations induced by a multitude of treatments identified unexpected phenotypes and nonlinear response profiles. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Chromatin supraorganization and extensibility in mouse hepatocytes with development and aging
Authors: Moraes Alberto S. , Guaraldo Ana Maria A. , Mello Maria Luiza S.
Published: January 2007

Background:

Chromatin supraorganization and extensibility, which lead to the formation of extended chromatin fibers (ECF), are affected by starvation and refeeding in adult mouse hepatocytes. It is expected that they could also change with mouse development and aging.

Methods:

Methods used involved topochemistry, image analysis, microspectrophotometry, gravity action, and polarization microscopy.

Results:

Increased nuclear areas and Feulgen‐DNA amounts with advancing hepatocyte polyploidy were found with development and aging. A slightly less packed chromatin with more heterogeneously distributed condensation levels was detected in young and old mice. Con‐A responsiveness was almost absent in young mice but very deep in aged mice. ECFs formed from nuclei of adult and aged mice but not from nuclei of young mice. The frequency of ECF formation with the long lysis protocol increased with aging.

Conclusions:

In young mice, a less packed chromatin state may be associated with more intense gene activity, thus increasing the DNA‐nuclear matrix interactions, and inhibiting ECF formation. Reduced DNA‐nuclear matrix interactions besides defects in heterochromatin formation may induce higher ECF formation and chromatin unpackaging in old mice. We suggest that differences in Con‐A staining relate to different gene activity with advancing development and aging. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Rearrangement of a conditional allele regardless of inheritance of a Cre recombinase transgene
Authors: Cochrane Rebecca L. , Clark Stephen H. , Harris Adam , Kream Barbara E.
Published: January 2007

To generate conditional gene knockouts in osteoblasts, we previously developed transgenic mice in which Cre recombinase cDNA was cloned downstream of a 3.6 or 2.3 kb fragment of the rat Col1a1 promoter (Col3.6‐Cre and Col2.3‐Cre, respectively). Col‐Cre mice were bred with mice in which exon 4 of the Igf1 gene is flanked by loxP sites. Mating units were arranged such that either the male or the female breeder transmitted the Col‐Cre transgenes. Progeny were evaluated for Cre‐mediated Igf1 gene rearrangement. We found that the loxP‐flanked Igf1 locus was rearranged in the absence of inheritance of the Cre transgene. The incidence was 50 and 28% with Col2.3‐Cre and Col3.6‐Cre females, respectively, and 15 and 18% with Col2.3‐Cre and Col3.6‐Cre males, respectively. genesis 45:17–20, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of a transgenic mouse model with chondrocyte‐specific and tamoxifen‐inducible expression of Cre recombinase
Authors: Chen Mo , Lichtler Alexander C. , Sheu Tzong‐Jen , Xie Chao , Zhang Xinping , O'Keefe Regis J. , Chen Di
Published: January 2007

Postnatal cartilage development and growth are regulated by key growth factors and signaling molecules. To fully understand the function of these regulators, an inducible and chondrocyte‐specific gene deletion system needs to be established to circumvent the perinatal lethality. In this report, we have generated a transgenic mouse model (Col2a1‐CreERT2) in which expression of the Cre recombinase is driven by the chondrocyte‐specific col2a1 promoter in a tamoxifen‐inducible manner. To determine the specificity and efficiency of the Cre recombination, we have bred Col2a1‐CreERT2 mice with Rosa26R reporter mice. The X‐Gal staining showed that the Cre recombination is specifically achieved in cartilage tissues with tamoxifen‐induction. In vitro experiments of chondrocyte cell culture also demonstrate the 4‐hydroxy tamoxifen‐induced Cre recombination. These results demonstrate that Col2a1‐CreERT2 transgenic mice can be used as a valuable tool for an inducible and chondrocyte‐specific gene deletion approach. genesis 45:44–50, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An allelic series for studying the mouse Thoc1 gene
Authors: Wang Xiaoling , Li Yanping , Zhang Xiaojing , Goodrich David W.
Published: January 2007

Thoc1 encodes an essential component of the mammalian TREX protein complex. TREX is an evolutionary conserved complex that couples elongating RNA polymerase II with RNA processing factors. Depletion of Thoc1 protein (pThoc1) compromises transcriptional elongation and nuclear export of some RNAs. Loss of Thoc1 causes periimplantation embryonic lethality in the mouse. Early embryonic lethality precludes analysis of the physiological requirements for Thoc1 in the developing embryo or adult. To circumvent this limitation, we have generated mice containing hypomorphic or conditional alleles of Thoc1. Mice homozygous for the conditional allele appear normal. Mice containing Cre recombined conditional alleles phenocopy the previously characterized Thoc1 null allele. Mice homozygous for the hypomorphic allele are viable and born at a frequency that is not significantly different from the expected Mendelian ratio. However, these mice express less pThoc1 than wild type mice and exhibit a dwarf phenotype. The dwarf phenotype can be detected in mid‐gestation embryos, suggesting that Thoc1 is also required later in embryonic and postnatal development. genesis 44:32–37, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Birefringence generation mechanism in a fiber Fabry‐Perot etalon buried in a fiber connector housing
Authors: Tateda Mitsuhiro , Otake Shizuka , Shintaku Toshihiro , Omatsu Takashige
Published: January 2007

We derived an analytical model according to which birefringence in a fiber Fabry‐Perot etalon occurs due to the anisotropy of adhesive layers in the cementing of the fiber to the ferrule. We found that the birefringence was proportional to the product of the difference in the coefficients of linear expansion of the fiber and ferrule materials, the change in temperature, the Young's modulus of the adhesive, and the anisotropy of the adhesive layer thickness. In addition, by measuring the birefringence of six fiber Fabry‐Perot etalons fabricated using three types of adhesives that differed in curing shrinkage and viscosity, we showed that the birefringence has a positive correlation with the curing shrinkage of the adhesive used. The measured temperature dependence of birefringence was consistent with the order of magnitude of the value calculated using the derived model, confirming the validity of the proposed model. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(5): 56–62, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20174
Characteristics of biological tissue equivalent phantoms applied to UWB communications
Authors: Takimoto Takuya , Onishi Teruo , Saito Kazuyuki , Takahashi Masaharu , Uebayashi Shinji , Ito Koichi
Published: January 2007

Previously, the authors studied biological tissue equivalent phantoms able to simulate the electrical constants of the human body in the 3‐ to 6‐GHz band in a single composition ratio. Therefore, in this paper, we examined how to study the antenna characteristics using the phantom when extended to a bandwidth including 900 MHz to 3 GHz and 6 to 10 GHz and performed a quantitative study focusing on the electrical constants of the phantom. The result clearly showed hardly any effect of divergence of the phantom's electrical constants from the target values on the antenna input impedance, radiation efficiency, and radiation directivity. Therefore, in the entire ultra‐wideband (UWB), this phantom can be accurately evaluated through antenna characteristic measurements and is clearly effective. Furthermore, differences due to the divergence of the phantom's electrical constants from the target values in the entire UWB bandwidth (3 to 10 GHz) are within ±3% for the average local specific absorption rate (SAR) inside the phantom caused by the electromagnetic wave energy radiated from the antenna. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(5): 48–55, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20300
Fragmentation of the (Cyclam‐acetato)iron Azide Cation in the Gas Phase
Authors: Schröder Detlef , Schwarz Helmut , Aliaga‐Alcalde Núria , Neese Frank
Published: January 2007

Mass spectrometry is used to investigate the fragmentation of the ligated azidoiron cation [(cyclam‐acetato)Fe(N3)]+, which is accessible in the gas phase by electrospray ionization of a solution of its hexafluorophosphate salt in methanol/water. Upon collisional activation, mass‐selected [(cyclam‐acetato)Fe(N3)]+ undergoes competing loss of dinitrogen or HN3 as the prevailing fragmentations. The former dissociation pathway is investigated in detail in order to determine whether or not the free, high‐valent iron nitride [(cyclam‐acetato)FeN]+ is formed. The evidence obtained indeed supports the formation of the iron nitride species as an intermediate, although the long‐lived ion sampled after mass selection may also have undergone further rearrangements.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Square‐Planar Noble Metal Iodate [M(IO3)4]n– (M = PdII, AuIII; n = 2, 1) Anions and Their Ability to Form Polar and Centrosymmetric Architectures
Authors: Ling Jie , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: January 2007

K+ salts of the square‐planar noble metal iodate [M(IO3)4]n– (M = PdII, AuIII; n = 2, 1) anions have been prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions, and the structures elucidated to demonstrate that while both are highly polar anions, polar and centrosymmetric extended architectures can form using these building units. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Facile Synthesis of Multiply Substituted Cyclopentadienes and Conjugated Dienals through Reactions between 1,4‐Dilithio‐1,3‐dienes and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Including Acyl Chlorides, Anhydrides, and DMF
Authors: Wang Chao , Mao Guo‐Liang , Wang Zhi‐Hui , Xi Zhen‐Feng
Published: January 2007

Multiply substituted cyclopentadienes were formed through reactions between phenyl‐substituted 1,4‐dilithio‐1,3‐dienes such as 1b and 1c and two molecules of acyl chlorides. The phenyl substituents on the skeletons of the dilithiobutadiene derivatives played an essential role in the reaction pattern. Interestingly, when anhydrides were used, normal alkyl‐substituted 1,4‐dilithio‐1,3‐dienes such as 1a could also react similarly to the phenyl‐substituted 1b and 1c, affording analogous types of multiply substituted cyclopentadienes in excellent isolated yields. Esters were found to afford mixtures of products when treated with 1a–c. When 1,4‐dilithio‐1,3‐dienes were treated with DMF, multiply substituted 2,4‐diene‐1,6‐dials and/or 2,5‐dihydrofuran derivatives were obtained in good yields, depending on the substitution patterns of the butadienyl skeletons.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Photoacylation of Alcohols in Neutral Medium
Authors: Débieux Jean‐Luc , Cosandey Anne , Helgen Céline , Bochet Christian G.
Published: January 2007

We report here conditions which allow the photoacylation of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols with N‐acetyl‐5,7‐dinitroindoline under exceptionally mild conditions, at wavelengths harmless to most functional groups, including otherwise photosensitive ones. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
SN2′ Alkylation of Chiral Allylic Cyanohydrin O‐Phosphates with Organocuprates
Authors: Baeza Alejandro , Nájera Carmen , Sansano José M.
Published: January 2007

Enantiomerically enriched cyanohydrin O‐phosphates, prepared by enantioselective cyanophosphorylation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, react regioselectively at the γ‐position with organocuprates derived from alkyl Grignard reagents and CuCN to afford chiral γ‐alkyl‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated nitriles. The configuration of the new C–C double bond is mainly (E) when the reaction is performed at –78 °C and (Z) when it is carried out at higher temperatures (0 °C). A high level of transfer of the chirality in the new stereocentre, corresponding to a stereospecific anti attack onto the cyanophosphate, is observed. Enantiomerically enriched (E)‐γ‐alkylated α,β‐unsaturated esters are prepared after subsequent methanolysis in a three‐step sequence from the corresponding α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. In addition, the synthesis of (R)‐4‐methylnonan‐1‐ol, also known as the sex pheromone of the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor L, and its (S) enantiomer have been carried out in a four‐step route from (E)‐oct‐2‐enal. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Efficient Preparation of [2‐13C]‐ and [3‐13C]‐3‐Cyano‐4‐methyl‐3‐pyrrolin‐2‐one
Authors: Shrestha‐Dawadi Prativa Bade , Lugtenburg Johan
Published: January 2007

[2‐13C]‐ and [3‐13C]‐3‐cyano‐4‐methyl‐3‐pyrrolin‐2‐one have been prepared by a new synthetic route. α,α‐Dimethoxy ketones react with bifunctional molecules in an extended Knoevenagel reaction. The products of this reaction are converted in a few steps and in high yields into the biologically important 3‐pyrrolin‐2‐ones. This new approach also allows simple stable isotope incorporation at many sites of the ring system. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Acetylene‐Substituted Phosphane Oxides: Building Blocks for Macrocycles
Authors: van Assema Sander G. A. , de Jong G. Bas , Ehlers Andreas W. , de Kanter Frans J. J. , Schakel Marius , Spek Anthony L. , Lutz Martin , Lammertsma Koop
Published: January 2007

Phosphorus‐based macrocycles with acetylenic scaffolds have been built from acetylene‐substituted phosphane oxides that were formed from diisopropylphosphoramidic dibromide (3) and an acetylenic Grignard reagent. The four‐ and six‐edged macrocycles 15 and 16, in which the iPr2NP(O) units are connected through 1,3‐butadiyne rods, were obtained from the monosilylated derivative of iPr2NP(O)(C2H)2 (7) by multiple acetylene coupling reactions under oxidative Hay conditions. Reaction of iPr2NP(O)(Br)2 (3) with lithiated 1,2‐diethynylbenzene gave a mixture of cis and trans monocyclic bis(phosphane oxide) 18. An X‐ray crystal structure determination of the trans isomer shows the ring structure to adopt a puckered form.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)