bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’humiliation dans la société contemporaine
Authors: Faes Hubert
Published: July 2024

Le livre d’O. Abel, De l’humiliation. Le nouveau poison de nos sociétés , attire l’attention sur les problèmes soulevés par une forme nouvelle d’humiliation dite institutionnelle. Quand la rationalisation des institutions par les procédures et la technologie finit par les rendre impersonnelles et inhumaines, elles deviennent humiliantes pour nombre d’individus au point de les retourner contre elles. Il est alors urgent de comprendre les ressorts de ce nouveau genre d’humiliation et de déterminer de quelle manière, éthique en fin de compte, il convient d’y répondre.
L’islam et la question de l’honneur : le point de vue coranique et la réflexion de Ghazâlî
Authors: Balhan Jean-Marc
Published: July 2024

L’honneur est un thème de réflexion présent en islam aussi bien dans ses sources que dans sa réflexion « juridique », morale et spirituelle. Le Coran opère une révolution morale et religieuse en faisant de la position de l’homme auprès du Dieu unique le seul critère d’une vie humaine véritablement réussie, rejetant comme futile tout ce qui auparavant lui assurait gloire, honneur et reconnaissance auprès de ses contemporains. Le Prophète, « la créature qui occupe le rang le plus haut auprès de Lui », est présenté par les traditionnistes comme un humble serviteur plutôt que comme un roi défendant son honneur. Le juriste et théologien Ghazâlî analyse finement l’appétit de l’homme pour l’honneur en en décrivant les causes et en offrant des traitements pour s’en défaire puisqu’il est une des voies menant à la perdition, même si l’auteur lui reconnaît également une juste place dans la vie humaine.
L’honneur pour Ignace de Loyola
Authors: Mateo Rogelio García , Thomasset Alain
Published: July 2024

Cet article rend compte de la manière dont Ignace de Loyola distingue l’honneur mondain ( honra ) de l’honneur vertueux ( honor ) qui requiert la décision de suivre le Christ dans la pauvreté, les opprobres et l’humilité, en rejetant la tentation de la richesse, de l’honneur mondain et de l’orgueil proposés par Lucifer. Renoncer au désir de l’honneur mondain suppose la grâce de la conversion et d’en faire le choix. L’honneur-valeur, expression de la valeur intrinsèque de la personne, demeure désirable car il rend témoignage à la gloire et à l’honneur de Dieu, tandis que l’humilité porte à la joie du Magnificat.
Des fissures dans la glace. Ruptures et continuités durant la transition postsoviétique du hockey sur glace
Authors: Boivin-Chouinard Mathieu
Published: July 2024

Cet article analyse la transition du hockey soviétique, un régime fermé officiellement amateur cumulant les victoires internationales, à son successeur postsoviétique, intégré dans le hockey professionnel global et marqué par l’exode des meilleurs joueurs. En plus des contrastes, les éléments de continuité ressortiront : des changements prenaient déjà forme avant la perestroïka et des organisations, acteurs, liens géographiques et dimensions symboliques du hockey soviétique ont perduré après 1991.
Entre pratique accessible à tous et pratique d’élite : le développement du triathlon de l’Union soviétique à la Russie contemporaine
Authors: Adelfinski Andrei
Published: July 2024

À la fin des années 1970, le Comité pansoviétique de culture physique et de sport d’URSS ne visait que le « succès olympique ». Parallèlement, les clubs semi-officiels pour les amateurs de course à pied ou de ski apparaissent et organisent les premiers triathlons. Cet article a pour objectif, en s’appuyant sur des archives, des entretiens, des observations, d’étudier le développement du triathlon en URSS, puis dans la Fédération de Russie. Il met en évidence l’ambiguïté de son développement, entre compétitions apparemment ouvertes, développement d’une filière olympique en lien avec l’entrée du triathlon aux JO, puis embourgeoisement progressif et marchandisation.
Des voyous de la perestroïka aux héros du Maïdan : le développement de la sous-culture des fans en Ukraine, de la période soviétique aux années 2010
Authors: Ruzhelnyk Olga
Published: July 2024

L’article a pour objectif d’étudier l’émergence du supportérisme en Ukraine soviétique, puis en Ukraine indépendante (jusqu’aux événements révolutionnaires de Maïdan), à travers le prisme des pratiques collectives. De plus, l’article examine les aspects idéologiques et politiques du développement de la sous-culture des supporters de football ukrainiens. La base empirique est une série d’entretiens approfondis avec des représentants du mouvement des supporters de la période soviétique et post-soviétique.
Népotisme, promotion d’un roman national et valorisation d’une masculinité violente : les usages du sport en Tchétchénie sous Ramzan Kadyrov
Authors: Aubin Lukas
Published: July 2024

Cet article étudie la façon dont s’est établi un espace des sports spécifiques tchétchènes au sein même de l’espace des sports russes. Organisé autour d’une gestion centralisée, clanique et autoritaire, le système de Ramzan Kadyrov se fonde sur le développement massif d’infrastructures sportives, la mobilisation de la notoriété des sportifs et la discipline de sa population pour promouvoir la Tchétchénie à l’étranger. Grâce à une méthode d’enquête plurielle (observation in situ, entretiens, documents officiels), ce texte questionne l’influence de l’État central russe sur ses régions à forte identité culturelle et traditionnelle tout en montrant sa capacité à exister jusque dans les confins de la Russie.
Contrôle de gestion dans l’hopital public marocain : pratiques et perceptions
Authors: Koukou Laila , Belakouiri Abdelghani , Sahraoui Doha
Published: July 2024

Face aux défis auxquels sont confrontés les établissements hospitaliers publics, l’implémentation d’un système de contrôle de gestion performant émerge comme impératif pour améliorer la qualité des prestations de soins. L’objectif du présent article dans un premier temps est de mettre la lumière sur la perception des acteurs (corps médical et corps administratif) par rapport aux systèmes de contrôle de gestion en se focalisant sur le cadre organisationnel propre à ces institutions. Dans un second temps, il vise à examiner en profondeur les pratiques de contrôle de gestion actuellement employées, tout en explorant la relation complexe existante entre les nécessités médicales et les considérations économiques prédominantes au sein des CHU marocains, et ce en s’appuyant sur la théorie de la structuration de Giddens. Cette recherche est basée sur une revue de la littérature, ainsi qu’une étude empirique qualitative via des guides d’entretien semi-directifs. L’analyse des résultats démontre la complexité des organisations hospitalières au Maroc, ainsi que les défis organisationnels, institutionnels, réglementaires, financiers et humains entravent l’efficacité du contrôle de gestion dans les CHU marocains.
L’organisation de demain : teletravail et modele hybride
Authors: Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle
Published: July 2024

Depuis la pandémie, le télétravail s’est diffusé dans de nombreuses organisations et si certains employeurs souhaiteraient le retour sur site, la majorité des salariés désirent continuer à faire du télétravail au moins 2-3 jours par semaine. On s’oriente donc vers le modèle de travail hybride, avec 2-3 jours au bureau et des espaces de travail dépersonnalisés ou non assignés. Nous avons voulu dégager le portrait de l’organisation de demain, et nous nous interrogeons surtout sur la gestion du télétravail et la prise de décision dans ce contexte, ce qui a peu été étudié jusqu’ici. Nous nous intéressons surtout à la latitude dont peuvent jouir – ou pas – les salariés dans la prise de décision quant au nombre de jours ou autres modalités du télétravail, puisque les salariés souhaitent plus de latitude alors que les gestionnaires semblent vouloir maintenir le contrôle.et ce, dans divers secteurs (public, privé, organisme sans but lucratif-OSBL).
Cannabidiol for Treatment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Melnyk Charlena Janice , Wagner Karen Dineen
Published: July 2024

Parents and patients have inquired about the safety and efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD) in treating child and adolescent mental health conditions. This review examines the current literature regarding CBD containing less than 0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in treatment of childhood psychiatric disorders for youth 20 years and younger. Although there are several areas of growing interest for potential use of CBD, such as social anxiety disorder and autism spectrum disorder, the evidence base remains limited. Large-scale controlled trials are needed to determine the efficacy of CBD for treatment of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2024;54(6):e186–e192.]
Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Iqbal Syed , Patel Ronak , Barlas Zeshan , Safavi Reza , McDeavitt Kathleen , Shah Asim
Published: July 2024

Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that has antidepressant and antisuicidal effects, as shown by multiple studies done over the past two decades, that can be used effectively in the management of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The United States Food and Drug Administration has approved intranasal (S)-ketamine in combination with an oral antidepressant for TRD. Although research is promising with respect to ketamine's effect on depression and suicidality, the need for in-office administration and treatment monitoring limits the accessibility of treatment. Significant concerns remain regarding the risks of treatment and its abuse potential. Nonetheless, its potential efficacy in TRD and suicidality makes ketamine an effective treatment modality for this patient population.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2024;54(6):e170–e176.]
Treatment-Resistant Depression and Medications
Authors: Iqbal Syed Z. , Saxena Kirti , Lateef Amir , Khan Samiyah , Blassingame Jonathan , Shah Asim A.
Published: July 2024

The management of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is challenging. Researchers have identified novel targets, especially the glutamatergic system, in the pathogenesis of depressive disorder. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, like ketamine, have revolutionized the treatment of TRD due to their rapid antidepressant and antisuicidal effect. Various other receptor systems, including GABAergic, opioid receptors, the endogenous cannabinoid system, and cholinergic receptors, are novel targets to produce an antidepressant response. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved intra-nasal ketamine as an add-on therapy to conventional antidepressants for TRD. Other compounds are in various stages of development. Identification and development of novel compounds by future research can help in overcoming the challenges of treating TRD.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2024;54(6):e177–e181.]
Long-Term Outcomes of Scleral-Sutured Fixated Secondary Intraocular Lenses in Patients With Uveitis
Authors: Mammo Danny A. , Steinkerchner Megan , Sharma Sumit , Baynes Kimberly , Srivastava Sunil K.
Published: July 2024

Objective:

This study examined the long-term outcomes of scleral-sutured fixated intraocular lenses (SSIOLs) in patients with uveitis.

Patients and Methods:

Retrospective, consecutive review of uveitis patients with SSIOL fixation from January 2017 to December 2020. SSIOL techniques included four-point fixation with the Akreos A060 or enVista MX60 (Bausch + Lomb) lens, or Hoffman's pockets rescue.

Results:

Thirteen eyes of 13 patients received an SSIOL (9 AO60, 2 MX60, 2 Hoffman's pockets). Diagnoses included pan- (9), anterior (2), and posterior uveitis (2). Average LogMAR best-corrected visual acuity pre- and postoperatively was 1.01 (Snellen ∼20/200) and 0.50 (Snellen ∼20/60), respectively (
P
= 0.003). No patients had postoperative SSIOL dislocation or conjunctival suture erosion. Six patients (46%) had uveitis flares postoperatively. Average follow-up was 50.2 months (range = 36.8 to 67.5).

Conclusion:

This series demonstrates a 0% dislocation and suture exposure rate. Risks of uveitis flares postoperatively are high despite aggressive perioperative control but are manageable with current treatments; therefore, patients must be continually monitored.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:443–447.]
Deep multi-input and multi-output operator networks method for optimal control of PDEs
Authors: Yong Jinjun , Luo Xianbing , Sun Shuyu
Published: July 2024

Deep operator networks is a popular machine learning approach. Some problems require multiple inputs and outputs. In this work, a multi-input and multi-output operator neural network (MIMOONet) for solving optimal control problems was proposed. To improve the accuracy of the numerical solution, a physics-informed MIMOONet was also proposed. To test the performance of the MIMOONet and the physics-informed MIMOONet, three examples, including elliptic (linear and semi-linear) and parabolic problems, were presented. The numerical results show that both methods are effective in solving these types of problems, and the physics-informed MIMOONet achieves higher accuracy due to its incorporation of physical laws.
The geometrical properties of the Smarandache curves on 3-dimension pseudo-spheres generated by null curves
Authors: Zhang Huina , Zhao Yanping , Sun Jianguo
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we presented the geometrical properties of Smarandache curves on 3-pseudo-spheres. These curves were examined in the context of the lightcone, de Sitter space, and anti-de Sitter space. By leveraging the curvature relationships between the null curve and its corresponding Smarandache curves, we established necessary and sufficient conditions. Additionally, we illustrated our main results through two examples.
Reflexive Mountain Tourism in the Anthropocene Era: Discussion on the Montenvers Rehabilitation Project, Chamonix
Authors: Salim Emmanuel , Girault Camille , Nesur Kalpana
Published: July 2024

Entering the Anthropocene, defined as the era during which human activities have become forces capable of influencing the climate and the environment on a planetary scale, raises many questions for tourism. Glacier tourism sites and practices, although not uniquely, are changing along with their environment. These changes raise the question of how climate change influences the motivations of those involved in tourism and, more specifically, allow us to envisage the emergence of reflexive tourism. Reflexive tourism is understood to be an awareness by tourists themselves of the issues - in this case, environmental issues - raised by current lifestyles, and offers a broader approach to the contradictions faced by societies in the context of the challenges of ecological transition. By analysing the implementation of the project to rehabilitate one of France’s most famous glacier sites, Montenvers and its Mer de Glace, this article aims to examine the rationale behind the development of tourism in such a site, while highlighting its contradictions. Interviews with site and project stakeholders reveal a clear tension between a logic of sustainability leading to reflexive tourism, and an economic logic of investment and the quest for profitability. Beyond this case study, this work considers more generally the figure of tourism as a symbol of societal contradictions between discourse and practice in the Anthropocene.
Le vivant programmable de la biologie de synthèse
Authors: Flocco Gaëtan , Guyonvarch Mélanie
Published: July 2024

Au début des années 2000, le champ des biotechnologies a vu émerger un nouveau domaine pluridisciplinaire, celui de la biologie de synthèse. Il consiste à modifier génétiquement des micro-organismes, en combinant la biologie moléculaire avec des outils du génie génétique et de l’informatique. Quelle conception du vivant sous-tendent ces pratiques et ces innovations ? Parmi les principales, on trouve celle qui assimile le vivant à une machine. Ce résultat provient d’une enquête menée auprès d’une quarantaine d’acteurs travaillant dans le domaine de la biologie de synthèse. Afin de rendre compte de cette vision machinique d’un « vivant programmable », l’article aborde en premier lieu le caractère ludique de cette activité. Une telle conception du vivant est plus largement liée à une évolution de la biologie accordant une large place aux mathématiques et à l’informatique. Ce mouvement vers un « vivant programmable » traduit in fine un accroissement de l’instrumentalisation du vivant.
Plateformes touristiques et construction de la personne à l’ère numérique
Authors: Condevaux Aurélie
Published: July 2024

À partir d’une enquête menée sur des plateformes d’intermédiation touristique, cet article a pour ambition d’éclairer les transformations générées par le digital labor en matière d’identité sociale et de construction de la personne, selon une perspective qui croise les approches sociologiques des processus de subjectivation à l’œuvre dans le capitalisme néolibéral d’une part, et les approches anthropologiques s’interrogeant sur les liens entre transactions économiques et construction de la personne d’autre part. L’article montre que les travaux sur le « dividu » permettent d’éclairer les mécanismes par lesquels les plateformes contribuent à créer des personnes « morcelables », fruits de la porosité toujours plus grande entre sphère personnelle et professionnelle, et d’un dispositif exigeant une forte personnalisation de la relation marchande.
L’expérience esthétique et les enjeux du corps comme exercices spirituels contemporains, le cas Richard Shusterman
Authors: Pavie Xavier
Published: July 2024

La soma-esthétique proposée par Richard Shusterman est-elle un exercice spirituel ? Dans la philosophie antique, le corps joue un rôle déterminant comme compréhension du monde et comme moyen d’exercice spirituel, mais non sans ambiguïtés. Platon porte d’ailleurs une certaine responsabilité. Dans le Phédon, le corps nous détourne de la réalité et de la quête de la vérité, mais dans La République, l’importance du corps est soulignée dans la formation de soi. C’est plutôt la philosophie contemporaine qui s’approprie pleinement le corps à travers la pensée pragmatiste. Celle-ci rappelle que le corps constitue une dimension déterminante de l’identité de l’individu. Le corps n’est pas qu’un objet, il fonctionne « comme la conscience incarnée propre à un individu » souligne Richard Shusterman. Si le corps a pu dans l’histoire de la philosophie être relégué au statut d’instrument, le pragmatisme montre qu’au contraire il s’agit d’y porter une conscience attentive, car il est le médium le plus fondamental dans l’interaction avec l’environnement, et donc pour la perception, l’action, la pensée au quotidien. L’enjeu de cet article est de déterminer en quoi la soma-esthétique peut être comprise comme un exercice spirituel. Il s’agit de s’arrêter autant sur l’aspect théorique que sur l’aspect pratique pour comprendre en quoi le corps proposé par Richard Shusterman semble être le matériau d’un nouveau type d’exercice spirituel, en quoi la soma-esthétique dessine un mode de vie philosophique à travers le développement d’une vie esthétique.
L’émersiologie
Authors: Andrieu Bernard
Published: July 2024

Cet article établit comment l’émersiologie, née du dialogue avec Richard Shusterman, complète, notamment par les apports des neurosciences de l’action, la soma-esthétique. Il y est soutenu que l’activité du corps vivant, ressentie de manière involontaire, traverse le seuil de la conscience pour nous éveiller à des informations au niveau du corps vécu. Apprendre de son corps et être enseigné par son corps devraient être les conditions d’une soma-esthétique émersive. Pour cela, il convient de se détacher d’obstacles comme la réduction de la connaissance à la seule perception du corps vécu pour découvrir, par devers soi, l’impact des sensations internes.
Soma-esthétique, art et libération
Authors: Shusterman Richard
Published: July 2024

Cet article situe la soma-esthétique dans le prolongement de mon travail sur l’esthétique pragmatiste, puis explore les dimensions politiques de la soma-esthétique et certaines de ses applications pratiques. Réfutant le point de vue selon lequel l’intérêt pour le corps est une question privée plutôt que politique, le propos se concentre principalement sur la question de la politique de la libération et sur le rôle que l’esthétique peut y jouer. J’évoque, dans ce contexte, l’œuvre de Frantz Fanon. À travers une critique de la théorie esthétique de Herbert Marcuse, je montre comment la soma-esthétique fournit un complément nécessaire au potentiel de libération de l’art. En effet, la libération requiert une transformation de la sensibilité et des sentiments, nécessaire à la transformation des comportements, habitudes et actions, et indispensable au changement politique libérateur. Le travail sur le soma – notre principal outil, ainsi que le lieu de la perception sensorielle et des affects – fournit un moyen plus direct, et donc plus efficace, pour transformer la sensibilité que l’observation d’œuvres d’art. Je compare ici la soma-esthétique à la théorie des sens du jeune Karl Marx. L’article s’achève avec une brève discussion sur deux formes de soma-esthétique en action que je pratique. Il s’agit, en premier lieu, des ateliers pratiques pour les designers, puis, en second lieu, de mon travail de performance appelé « l’Homme en Or », mené en collaboration avec l’artiste parisien Yann Toma, et dont je souligne l’importance philosophique et politique.
L’autel du sanctuaire de Zeus sur l’agora de Thasos
Authors: Trippé Natacha , Imbs Marjolaine
Published: July 2024

S’inscrivant dans le programme de recherche « Archépolis : archéologie et histoire de l’espace public à Thasos » qui porte sur l’agora thasienne, cet article livre de premières propositions sur le sanctuaire identifié sous le numéro GTh 34 dans la nomenclature du Guide de Thasos. Il présente les résultats de l’étude architecturale menée sur l’autel et propose une nouvelle interprétation de l’inscription IG XII 8, 361, qui permit l’identification du sanctuaire. Il expose enfin les enjeux de l’étude de cet espace sacré qui joue un rôle de premier plan dans le développement du secteur nord‑est de la place publique.
De la licéité du Mawlid
Authors: Khalfallah Nejmeddine
Published: July 2024

En premier lieu, cette étude analysera la structure argumentative que le ‘ālim (érudit) tunisien, Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir b. ‘Āshūr (1879-1973), avait mobilisé pour justifier la commémoration du Mawlid. Face au silence des sources scripturaires, le Coran et la Sunna, b. ‘Āshūr s’est efforcé de démontrer la licéité de cette commémoration d’une part en interprétant certains versets ; de l’autre en reprenant pour son compte les avis jurisprudentiels (fatwā-s) de ses prédécesseurs pour déduire enfin qu’il s’agirait d’une « bonne voie » (maslak hasan). Nous analyserons, dans la seconde partie, la dimension politique de cette démonstration en rapport avec le pouvoir beylical en Tunisie depuis le xviiie siècle.
Enhancing Thermal and Daylight Performance of Historic Buildings with Passive Modifications; A Tropical Case Study
Authors: Rajapaksha Malthi , Kariyawasam M.
Published: July 2024

Historical buildings worldwide hold immense potential for adaptive reuse within the framework of the circular economy, a concept gaining traction in the building construction industry for its role in reducing carbon emissions. Many of these structures boast passive building design strategies, which inherently lower energy demands. Among these, thermal mass and daylight harvesting emerge as pivotal strategies for achieving indoor thermal and visual comfort, respectively. However, with the advent of significant climate change and evolving built environments, the efficacy of these historical passive strategies is subject to debate. This study focuses on a residential building constructed in the 17th century by Dutch settlers in Galle, Sri Lanka, serving as a case study. The research targets improvements in both thermal and visual comfort. Thermal performance analysis was conducted through air temperature measurements, revealing a notable 3-hour time lag and a 2.5°C reduction in peak air temperature during the day. Conversely, nighttime measurements indicated a rise in indoor temperature compared to ambient conditions. Using Design Builder software, the building was modelled to assess its daylighting conditions. Drawing upon thermodynamic principles and daylight harvesting techniques, the study proposes building envelope interventions and ventilation strategies to address nighttime overheating and enhance daylight utilization. The results demonstrate that these modifications can potentially reduce nighttime heat by 2-3°C, while also decreasing the energy requirement for lighting comfort from 51.10 kWh/m² per annum to 44.84 kWh/m² per annum. This research showcases the effectiveness of judiciously implemented interventions in historical buildings, illustrating tangible improvements in both thermal/visual performance and energy efficiency. Leveraging inherent qualities of historical structures and integrating modern design strategies to these buildings can play a vital role in sustainable urban development and energy conservation efforts.
Cutaneous larva migrans: is dermoscopy useful for the treatment?
Authors: Bazzacco Giulia , Nardello Carlotta , Caposiena Caro Raffaele Dante , Di Meo Nicola , Zalaudek Iris , Agozzino Marina
Published: July 2024

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a zoonotic disease endemic in tropical regions. CLM diagnosis mainly relies on the morphology of the skin lesions, however dermoscopy can improve diagnostic accuracy. In this paper, we report two cases of CLM to highlight the importance of dermoscopic follow-up in early identification of treatment failure, as well as the effectiveness of topical ivermectin as a combined medication.
Mixed Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia - A Rare Case Report
Authors: Rajput Saroj , Kataria Jogender , Chatterjee Tathagata
Published: July 2024

Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia (MAIHA) is a rare clinical condition where both warm and cold antibodies cause red cell destruction, leading to anemia. MAIHA can present as a blood group discrepancy or crossmatch incompatibility, which can be very challenging for transfusion medicine services to diagnose and issuing of best-matched blood. Therefore, a comprehensive immunohematology workup, including a monospecific direct antiglobulin test, and indirect antiglobulin test is performed to determine the thermal amplitude and titer of autoantibodies. It is important to be aware of this phenomenon because, like warm AIHA and MAIHA should be treated immediately, with steroids. We hereby report a case of a 14-year-old girl presenting with a history of generalized weakness and dizziness; preliminary investigations revealed anemia, increased reticulocyte count, and antinuclear antibodies positive. Hence, further diagnosis of MAIHA associated with systemic lupus erythematosus was made. A high-dose steroid therapy was given to the patient, and significant improvement was seen clinically.
Leprosy in Children with a Focus on the Asian Region: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sharma Apoorva , Meghana K. B. , Narang Tarun , Dogra Sunil
Published: July 2024

Children are often more susceptible to contracting Mycobacterium leprae infection because of their immature immunity as well as their exposure to intrafamily interactions. The percentage of children among newly identified leprosy cases serves as a robust indicator of the ongoing transmission of the disease. Globally, the number of new cases fell by 19.3% between 2013 and 2022. A reduction of over 50% in the incidence of leprosy among children was seen, with rates declining from 10.4 cases per million children in 2013 to 5.1 per million in 2022. Children may exhibit atypical clinical symptoms, and the clinical presentation of leprosy in children can often be misdiagnosed as differential diagnoses such as pityriasis alba, nevus depigmentosus, pityriasis versicolor, among others, contributing to diagnostic difficulties. The cultural stigma surrounding leprosy may also discourage parents from seeking medical help promptly, prolonging the time to diagnosis. Furthermore, health-care systems in some regions may lack adequate training or resources for diagnosing pediatric leprosy. These challenges underscore the importance of increased awareness, early detection, and improved health-care infrastructure to effectively diagnose and treat leprosy in children. Stakeholders must give top priority in policy making and interventions to lower the prevalence of leprosy and its consequences in children and adolescents. The present article is an attempt to review the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic dimensions of childhood leprosy cases in Asia.
Evaluation of Effect of Septilin™ and Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medicaments on Interappointment Flare-up and Healing of Apical Periodontitis-Pilot Study
Authors: Kadam Aishwarya , Mulay Sanjyot , Tandale Anita , Beri Lotika , Krishnakumar Karishma , Bhawalkar Abhilasha
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Endodontic microflora comprises of multispecies, hence no single intracanal medicament can disinfect the root canal completely. Newer herbal medicaments need to be researched which may be more effective. Hence there was a need to evaluate and compare the effect of Septilin and calcium hydroxide intracanal medicaments on interappointment flare up and healing in apical periodontitis.

Aim and objective:

To evaluate and compare the effect ofcalcium hydroxide and septilin intracanal medicaments in interappointment flare up and periapical healing.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty patients with periapical lesions in the anterior region of jaw were selected. Intracanal medicaments were inserted as Group I -Calcium hydroxide(n=15) and Group IISeptilinTM (n=15). After 7 days the intracanal medicament was changed and obturation done after 15 days. Patients were evaluated clinically for VRS pain score at 1&2 weeks and 1, 3 and 6 months. Radiographic evaluation using PAI index was done by two trained observers at interval of 1, 3 and 6 months.

Results:

showed no incidence of flare up. After three months there was significant change in the PAI score. At 6 months, 20% of calcium hydroxide group whereas 13.33% of SeptilinTM group had PAI score of 1.

Conclusion:

At 3 months the periapical healing in both groups was similar. At 6 months Calcium hydroxide group showed better healing as compared to SeptilinTM group.
Improving Drug- and Disease-related Knowledge of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial from a Sri Lankan Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Wickramasinghe Dilmi , Lynch Catherine , Coombes Judith , Jayamanne Shaluka , De Silva Shamila
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

During past decades, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased significantly. Individuals with CKD are on complex drug regimens. Enhancing patients’ disease and medication knowledge can be achieved by pharmacist-conducted patient education.

Aims:

This study aimed to assess disease-specific knowledge changes in patients with stage 4 or 5 CKD after providing patient education.

Settings and Design:

A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at an outpatient renal clinic, Teaching Hospital, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.

Subjects and Methods:

The clinic admission register was used as the sampling frame. Patient consent was obtained, and demographic data were collected at commencement. Four counseling sessions were provided to the intervention group (IG) by “clinic-based pharmacist,” at commencement, and 2, 6, and 10 months, post-recruitment. The control group (CG) received usual care. A validated “drug and disease knowledge questionnaire” was interviewer administered to both groups at 6 months and a “drug and disease information booklet” was provided to IG. The same questionnaire was readministered at 12 months to reassess disease-specific knowledge. CG received an education booklet at 12 months.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze initial and 12 months in-between group data. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze initial and 12-month data within CG and IG.

Results:

One hundred patients were enrolled in CG and 101 in IG. The demographic profile of the two groups was broadly similar. Median drug and disease knowledge questionnaire scores were similar at 6 months at 23.00 (19.25–26.00) in CG and 24.00 (20.00–27.00) in IG (P > 0.05). At 12-month scores were 22.00 (18.00–25.50) in CG compared to 35.00 (31.00–37.00) in IG (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The provision of medication counseling and a “drug and disease information booklet” is beneficial in improving disease-specific knowledge in patients with CKD.
Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Dispersion of Felodipine by Hot Melt Extrusion for Enhancement of Solubility
Authors: Nijhawan Monika , Sirisha Neerude , Bhavana Jidige , Neelima Rambakka , Aleti Rajeswari , Sailaja Gunnam , Srikrishna M. R.
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Felodipine (BCS Class II) undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism with bioavailability of about 15% that creates problem in therapeutic efficacy after oral administration.

Objective:

Immediate release formulation of felodipine was developed using hot-melt extrusion (HME) technique in an attempt to improve solubility and dissolution of felodipine through the solid dispersion technique.

Materials and Methods:

The solid dispersion was prepared using Eudragit EPO, NE30D as a carrier with different drug polymer ratios using the HME technique. The optimized batch was made into tablets. The solid dispersion was characterized by solubility studies, drug content, and in vitro dissolution rate studies.

Results:

From the cumulative dissolution profile, it was observed that the drug and Eudragit EPO alone have the highest percentage of drug release compared to the other combinations of drug and Eudragit EPO, NE30D. It is also evident from the dissolution profile that with increase in the concentration of Eudragit NE30D, there is a decrease in the dissolution rate. There was a significant decrease in drug release even with increase in stabilizer in a smaller ratio. The dissolution profile showed that there is not much variation in the release profile of the solid dispersion alone and the solid dispersion tablets.

Conclusions:

Solid dispersion by the HME technique is an effective method to increase the dissolution rate of felodipine.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Saudi People Regarding Leukemia: A Cross-sectional Study Conducted in the Northern Border Region
Authors: Khaled Hayet Ben , Alrwily Afnan Abdalluh , Abdulla Dalia A. , Rikabi Hind A. , Somroo Samreen
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

Leukemia is considered an important public health problem in Saudi Arabia for its impact on causing deaths among young people. Thus, the study’s objectives are to ascertain Saudi citizens’ degree of leukemia awareness and understanding as well as their attitudes on leukemia screening.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2 months in the Northern Borders Region of Saudi Arabia on a random sample comprised of 373 Saudi people, using electronic questionnaire in Arabic language specially designed for the research purpose. The data obtained were analyzed in terms of the study using descriptive statistics by SPSS program.

Results:

The mean score for having good understanding about leukemia, according to the survey, was 51%. The average person’s understanding of leukemia and its symptoms was 48%, while the average person’s knowledge of the disease’s risk factors was 47%. Furthermore, the mean score for positive attitudes about leukemia screening was 70%, and the mean score for having adequate information about leukemia diagnosis and treatment was 57%.

Conclusion:

Saudi residents in the northern border region have a moderate level of understanding about leukemia. The findings demonstrated a lack of knowledge of leukemia risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods. However, they have a positive attitude toward leukemia screening.
Steatocystoma Multiplex: “Keep me in your Differentials”
Authors: Sharma Sudha , Chandran V. Anish , Shukla Praveen Kumar , Kumar Ajay
Published: July 2024

Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder, seen in adolescence and characterized by hamartomatous malformation of the pilosebaceous units. However, sporadic occurrence has been reported in literature. Histopathologic features are characteristic and should be known to the pathologist, to differentiate from other common causes of skin nodules. We report a case of sporadic SM and highlight the characteristic histopathologic features required for diagnosis.
A Study on Stromal Expression of CD10 Marker in Breast Carcinoma and Its Role as a Prognostic Marker in a Tertiary Care Center in South Kerala
Authors: Praveena K. P. , Glaxon Jinu Abraham , Chandramohan Aswathy , Vivek George
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims:

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among women. The aim of our study is to evaluate the stromal expression of CD10 in invasive breast carcinoma and to find its relationship with other prognostic markers such as age, histopathologic grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2Neu status.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 51 cases of breast cancer were included in the study. Representative sections were taken and hematoxylin and eosin staining was done. Immunohistochemistry was performed with ER, PR, Her2neu, and CD10. Stromal expression of CD10 is positive when >10% of stromal cells show cytoplasmic and membranous positivity in invasive breast carcinoma. This will be noted and statistically analyzed with different known prognostic markers of breast carcinoma.

Results:

Stromal CD10 positivity was seen in 74.5% of cases (45% were strongly positive and 29.5% were weakly positive). 25.5% of cases were negative. Positivity for ER, PR, and HER2, was 58.8%, 35.3%, and 27.5%, respectively. Stromal expression of CD10 was found to be significantly associated with ER negativity (P = 0.001) and PR negativity (P = 0.001). Increasing intensity was noted with few parameters such as postmenopausal status and histologic grade but could not show statistical significance. No correlation was found between CD10 overexpression with respect to the age, tumor size, lymph node positivity status, tumor stage and HER2Neu status.

Conclusions:

CD10 expression correlated strongly with well-established negative prognostic markers, ER/PR negativity, and higher tumor grade, thus indicating that CD10 can be used as an independent marker indicating poor prognosis. This study highlights the role of stromal CD10 expression in predicting prognosis and the relationship with other prognostic markers. Keeping the role stroma plays in predicting prognosis and tumor response, CD10 can be included as a routine prechemotherapy marker in breast carcinoma. Further studies should be performed to see the role stroma plays in hormonal expression and the usefulness of CD10 to predict treatment failure in breast carcinomas receiving neoadjuvant therapy.
Silver Diamine Fluoride Use in Children with Special Health-care Needs: Breaking the Barriers
Authors: Uppal Simran , Sultan Amina , Juneja Akanksha
Published: July 2024

Dental caries is the most common unmet dental need of children with special health-care needs (SHCNs), and their treatment is challenging in routine dental settings. Based on surplus evidence, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a simple, safe, cost-effective, and efficient topical solution for treating dental caries. It is a clear, colorless, odorless fluoride-containing solution, does not require an extensive armamentarium for its application, and can be used in any setting. However, even with worldwide acceptance, there occurs limited research regarding SDF use in children with special needs. This review aims to update the possibilities and acceptability of SDF usage in patients with special needs with dental caries as a promising option for managing dental caries and improving their quality of life.
An Indian Case Study on Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy
Authors: Kareem Shabana , Mathai Reemy Sara
Published: July 2024

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is a unique autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mitochondrial changes resulting from mutations in the TYMP gene, responsible for encoding thymidine phosphorylase. Despite its genetic origin, the study indicates that the manifestation of MNGIE does not strictly adhere to a hereditary pattern. The investigation focused on a family from the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India, involving three members. The proband began experiencing gait difficulties at the age of 4, leading to a confirmed diagnosis of MNGIE at 17. Subsequent clinical assessments confirmed MNGIE in the two younger siblings, while the youngest remained unaffected. Common symptoms across all three included ptosis, limited eye movements, generalized muscle atrophy, and the absence of tendon reflexes. Elevated lactate levels were observed in both venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed diffuse leukoencephalopathy. Emphasizing the importance of early identification of MNGIE patients, the study underscores the emerging therapeutic options that can positively impact survival and overall health outcomes. The findings highlight that prompt diagnosis and intervention contribute to improved prognosis and well-being in affected individuals.
Kluyvera ascorbata: An Emerging Pathogen and Rare Cause of Urinary Tract Infection in Immunocompetent Patients at a Tertiary Care Center in North India
Authors: Rautela Apurva , Raj Nikhil , Singh Vikramjeet , Das Anupam , Agarwal Jyotsna
Published: July 2024

Kluyvera spp. is a Gram-negative bacillus and was discovered by Kluyver and van Niel, included in the family Enterobacteriaceae. We report two cases of urinary tract infection due to Kluyvera ascorbata. The first case was a 61-year-old male, who was admitted to the nephrology department of the hospital with chief complaints of fever with chills from 1 week, abdominal pain, and difficulty in passing urine. The second case was a 29-year-old female, who presented to the medicine department of the hospital with a 4-day history of fever with associated chills and rigor, abdominal pain, chills, and weakness. These patients were treated with nitrofurantoin given orally for 7 days they recovered completely. This case series highlights the role of K. ascorbata, and in general of Kluyvera species, as an unusual but potentially dangerous pathogen, the need for prompt identification to determine potential pathogenicity in the immunocompetent as well as in the immunocompromised host, and to assess the efficacy of antibiotics such as carbapenems and nitrofurantoin.
McGregor Flap in Reconstruction of Lower and Upper Eyelid Defects
Authors: Yasir Mir , Bhat Hillal Ahmad , Rasool Altaf , Mohsin Mir , Baba Umar Farooq , Zargar Haroon Rashid , Bashir Sheikh Adil , Wani Adil Hafeez
Published: July 2024

Background and Aim:

Reconstruction of the eyelid is a surgical challenge, keeping in view both the cosmetic and functional importance of the eyelid. Here, we are describing our experience with the McGregor flap technique for the closure of full-thickness eyelid defects.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted prospectively from August 2015 to July 2018 in one of the tertiary care hospitals in North India. This study consisted of a total of 15 patients treated for eyelid defects following the excision of neoplastic disease of the lids. The final result of the reconstructive procedure was recorded at 6 months postoperatively.

Results:

Most of our patients were above the age of 50 (11 patients) and comprised predominantly females (9 patients). All the defects were reconstructed by the McGregor flap technique. We had excellent functional results in 13 (86.66%) patients, a good result in 1 (6.66%) patient, and an acceptable result in another (6.66%) patient. In terms of cosmesis, excellent results were found in 13 (86.66%) patients and acceptable in the remaining 2 (15.38%) patients.

Conclusion:

The McGregor flap for eyelid defect reconstruction is a reliable, good, and easy technique for reconstructing full-thickness eyelid defects involving up to 2/3rd of the horizontal length of eyelids. The technique can be successfully used for upper eyelid reconstruction with excellent functional and cosmetic results.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Difficult to Differentiate from Seasonal Viral Pneumonia
Authors: Arora Navneet , Dhibar Deba Prasad , Nair Ashwin Vijayakumar
Published: July 2024

The World Health Organization has declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a public health emergency. The diversity in the symptoms and imaging at the time of presentation complicates the diagnosis of COVID-19. Making a diagnosis of COVID-19 becomes challenging when there is a co-occurrence of seasonal viral illnesses due to similar clinical presentations, as well as the possibility of co-infection. Three patients presented at a medical emergency with a fever, cough, and sore throat, followed by shortness of breath. They had similar clinical features of tachycardia, tachypnea, and basal crackles, and chest X-rays showing bilateral interstitial infiltrates. Eventually, on the definitive diagnostic investigation, all three patients had different etiologies, which changed the management course and led to different outcomes. It is crucial to differentiate COVID-19 from other causes of viral pneumonia with similar clinical and radiological features, as some have a definitive treatment modality, thereby changing the disease outcome.
Cryptococcus Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Bhat Manjari , Balakrishnan Rojith K. , Panarkandy Geetha , John Sneha , Kumar Aishwarya P.
Published: July 2024

A case of a 26-year-old female who was apparently healthy without any comorbidities presented with a history of headache, which was gradually progressive over 2 months with features suggestive of raised intracranial pressure. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study was done, which revealed chronic meningitis. Indian ink staining of CSF showed Cryptococcus, and the species was identified as Cryptococcus gattii. She did not have any respiratory symptoms, but the chest radiography showed a consolidative patch caused by growing yeasts mimicking a mass. Cryptococcal infection is rarely seen in immunocompetent individuals. Among the two species of Cryptococcus, C. gattii is known to cause infections in immunocompetent. It is imperative to have a high index of suspicion and early diagnosis of such a condition to avoid unwanted complications in patients.
Unraveling Complexity: Delving into a Novel Pigmented Epithelioid Melanocytoma Case
Authors: Mysorekar Vijaya V. , Gaffoor Nidha , Divyashree B N , Tejas S Sharath Chandra
Published: July 2024

Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma (PEM) is a rare and diagnostically challenging skin neoplasm. Differentiating this lesion from melanoma is challenging due to overlapping clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features. Some PEMs have a benign course, while others may be associated with more aggressive behaviour and have potential for local recurrence or distant metastasis. So, careful evaluation and follow-up are crucial for individuals with a diagnosis of PEM. This case study focuses on a 42-year-old woman with a gradually enlarging, dark, pigmented gluteal lesion. Histopathological analysis following complete excision showed nodular proliferation of spindled and epithelioid melanocytes in the dermis, extending into subcutaneous fat. Cellular atypia or mitotic figures were absent, confirming the diagnosis as PEM. This case underscores the intricate balance between monitoring and intervention in complex dermatological cases, shedding light on diagnostic challenges and ultimately striving for improved patient care.