bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Among Sexual Minority Youth
Authors: Rodriguez Brenda Marin , Telingator Cynthia
Published: February 2024

The term sexual minority youth (SMY) encompasses youth who are not exclusively heterosexual. These are youth whose sexual orientations, identities, and/or behaviors are not exclusively heterosexual. Sexual identity is one’s personal identity as a sexual being, a label used in regard to oneself, such as “gay,” “lesbian,” “queer,” “pansexual,” or “asexual.”1 Sexual identity may not be indicative of sexual behaviors and, thus, understanding both identity and behavior are essential to providing excellent care— particularly as SMY youth often face health disparities.2 SMY youth, like their heterosexual peers, have strengths and vulnerabilities. Although the majority of sexual minority children and adolescents do well, they are likely to experience mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and suicidality at higher rates than their heteronormative peers.1,3 This phenomenon may be due to stigma, microaggressions, victimization, and/or discrimination regarding their sexual identities, which in turn effects overall health.4 In a 2013 survey performed by the Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network, 55% of sexual and gender minority youth surveyed stated that they felt unsafe at school due to perceived/experienced harassment from peers.5 This harassment can lead to an increase in suicidal ideation and attempts6 due to internalized shame and stigma, social isolation, and conflict about their identities. Microaggressions, stigma, and shame may also be experienced at home and in the community. Healthcare providers are in a unique position to support minority youth across multiple domains if they are aware and informed of social supports and experiences of conflict.
Internet Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Basics for the Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist
Authors: Nguyen Jenny , Lester Patricia , Jeffrey Jessica
Published: February 2024

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment for a range of behavioral health disorders, including depression and anxiety. CBT is traditionally conducted in-person and has been shown to have at least a 50% response rate with decrease in symptoms.1 However, there are barriers that prevent traditional CBT from being an available option. Children and adolescents may lack access to in-person CBT treatments due to various issues, such as time conflicts with school hours, lack of transportation to clinics where CBT is delivered, and an overall paucity of CBT services in the community. Additionally, patients may be reluctant to access in-person care due to stigma associated with behavioral health conditions and treatments.
The Attachment, Regulation, and Competency (ARC) Framework in the Treatment of Traumatized Youth
Authors: Feng Yun , Price Julie
Published: February 2024

_Clara is a 16-year-old adolescent female who was removed from parental care at age 4 following extreme neglect and physical abuse by her primary caregivers. Previously, an older sibling was removed and placed into foster care. Constant psychiatric crises due to mood dysregulation and behavioral disinhibition prevented reunification or alternative family placement. As a result, and over the course of a decade, Clara transitioned through all levels of care in the child welfare and mental health system, including inpatient hospitalization, residential care, multiple group homes, therapeutic foster care, and partial hospitalization. During her journey, she continued to experience different forms of trauma, including sexual and physical abuse, neglect, unstable caregiving, and a significant number of restraints and seclusions.
Menstrual Psychosis and the Workup of New-Onset Psychosis in a Teenager
Authors: Heinzman Jonathan T. , Buckingham E. Taylor
Published: February 2024

Prevalence estimates for psychotic symptoms in young patients cover a wide range, with a Swedish study estimating that 40% of psychotic symptoms in patients 13-18 years old are caused by early-onset schizophrenia.1 However, the prevalence of psychosis at 13 years old was one per 10,000 and 17 per 10,000 at 18 years old. Other studies have estimated the prevalence of early-onset schizophrenia (schizophrenia before age 18) at approximately 0.5%.2 Furthermore, studies of early-onset schizophrenia have found an equal gender ratio, as opposed to the predominantly male diagnosis of schizophrenia in adults.1
Medication-Assisted Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Among Adolescents
Authors: Resczenski Jim , Whitmore Charles
Published: February 2024

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are common among adolescents in the United States. Among community-based samples, as many as 1 in 4 adolescents meets criteria for abuse of at least one substance, and 1 in 5 meets criteria for substance use dependence.1 Early age of first substance use conveys risk of developing SUDs and faster transition time from first use to the development of SUD.2,3 Despite the frequency and severity of SUDs among adolescents, only 10% of adolescents with SUDs access mental health care for treatment.4 Although there is a paucity of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications to treat SUDs among adolescents, medication-assisted treatment (MAT) strategies are well-established as effective for treating certain SUDs in adults.
Too Much of a Good Thing: Could Your Patient Have Pathological Exercise?
Authors: Cunningham Hayley , Brewerton Timothy D.
Published: February 2024

Many leading causes of disease and mortality in the United States are intimately tied to an unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle, and this is news to no one.1 For many, life-long eating patterns and the perceived importance of exercise stem from childhood and adolescence. The habits, or lack thereof, displayed by immediate family and peer influences play an essential role in setting the lifestyle course for many youth, for better or worse. Despite the increasingly limiting time constraints that pediatric and adolescent primary care providers and psychiatrists face, it is essential to address unhealthy dietary habits and encourage regular physical activity to adequately promote child and adolescent health.
Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: A Call to Action
Authors: Raj Anish
Published: February 2024

I met “Ashley” one March night in the pediatric emergency department. While initially reluctant to discuss her presenting circumstances, the 14-year-old brightened up when I shifted the conversation and asked what she aspired to be when she got older. She smiled and replied emphatically, “A pediatrician; I want to help kids.” While part of me is always warmed when I hear that a young person is interested in dedicating his or her life to serving children and adolescents, I immediately recognized that the odds were stacked against Ashley. She had not chanced upon the emergency department. Instead, she had been brought in by law enforcement for medical clearance after having been missing for the previous 3 weeks. A missing persons report had been filed with the local police department, and the chief complaint on her chart, per her mother, read, “Having sex with many different people at hotels.” The presentation was textbook for a case of domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST): history of running away, returning home with new clothes and accessories, posting sexually explicit images on social media, and staying with an older woman suspected of recruiting younger girls. After completion of the physical exam and laboratory work-up, I wished Ashley the best, and she was escorted out by law enforcement to the state juvenile detention center due to a pending bench warrant. As I watched her leave, I wondered if our paths would cross again in the future, and whether she would be able to achieve her dream of becoming a pediatrician.
A Recommitment Ceremony
Authors: Stroeh Oliver M.
Published: February 2024

As I and many clinicians, researchers, and educators in our field prepare for the 64th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) in Washington, DC, I find my excitement building. Since I first attended the AACAP Annual Meeting as a trainee, I have viewed it as an opportunity to immerse myself in the past, present, and future of our field—in its clinical wisdom, its rapidly expanding science, and its passionate community. As a card-carrying introvert, I appreciate the intimacy of both our field and our community, though I also recognize the sobering fact that there aren’t enough of us to meet the demand for our clinical expertise and that we must resist any tendencies towards insularity and continue to advocate on behalf of those we serve. Each year, I leave the Annual Meeting re-energized and recommitted to learning, educating, advocating, and delivering the best possible clinical care to our patients and their families.
Lab to Smartphone
Authors: Rettew David
Published: February 2024

Welcome to the first column of “Lab to Smartphone,” a new and regular feature of JAACAP Connect that is devoted to educating and engaging our child psychiatry community on practical, contemporary, and controversial topics that are on the minds of both child psychiatrists and the greater public at large. Let’s face it: child psychiatry is poorly understood and often profoundly misrepresented in the media. While I could be wrong about this, my sense is that the annual meetings of, say, dermatology organizations generally don’t attract nearly the number of protesters that we do. And though it certainly is true that our profession has made some missteps along the way, much of this antagonism comes from our allowing of other groups to define us.
Abstract Art: Twelve Tips to Help You Write an Effective Abstract
Authors: Martin Andrés
Published: February 2024

The abstract is a core component of any scientific publication. Despite its importance, the abstract is often overlooked or hastily written shortly before submission, thus thwarting the work’s chances of being initially reviewed or eventually discovered.
Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury in Youth: The Integral Role of the Family
Authors: Shapiro Desiree , Murphy Alyssa , Horner Michelle S.
Published: February 2024

During my first year of child fellowship, I cared for a 16-year-old girl who suffered a traumatic assault with subsequent brain injury. “Alicia” had sustained stab wounds to her neck, large vessel injury, and cerebrovascular accident, necessitating numerous procedures, including a craniectomy. My path and Alicia’s would cross again and again during my various clinical rotations. As I worked with her and my colleagues to help her regain her health, her story proved instructive, not only about the rocky path to recovery for those with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), but also about how that path might have been smoothed, particularly with the help of her family.
Global Mental Health and Cultural Psychiatry
Authors: Chyung Dorothy , McDermott John F. , Horner Michelle S.
Published: February 2024

It is estimated that at least ten percent of the world’s population has a mental illness, and the global economic costs are estimated at $2.5 trillion.1 Mental disorders account for 7.4% of the world’s burden of health and almost 25% of all years lived with disability. Despite the overwhelming impact to societies worldwide, many individuals have limited or no access to mental health services. Many child and adolescent psychiatrists feel compelled to help but become overwhelmed by obstacles and cultural differences. In this article, we review two sometimes-contrasting programs designed to overcome perceived obstacles in providing mental health treatment at the global level, namely, the global mental health movement and cultural psychiatry.
Maximizing Time and Expectations in the Mentor–Mentee Relationship: 10 Tips to Guide Your Journey
Authors: Richards Misty
Published: February 2024

On the road to becoming seasoned child and adolescent psychiatrists, a good goal is to end up in the fast lane. This lane is generally furthest from the entry point and takes several lane changes before becoming a reality. The fast lane is often considered the smoothest, most effective, and the most fun! The goal is not to necessarily drive fast, but to merge into a streamlined lane you know will get you where you need to go. In this light, a mentor is your co-pilot, your wingman, your passenger. They check your blind spot, gently guide you while you pick up speed to merge, and hopefully leave you with the confidence you need to drive independently. They can tell you to turn on your signal, teach you to use your mirrors, but most importantly, they can empower you to have confidence in your direction of travel.
The Brain Is Wider Than the Sky: John F. McDermott on the Poetry of Emily Dickinson
Authors: Murphy Alyssa , Billingsley Mary K.
Published: February 2024

Evidence, speculation, and inspirational posters aplenty indicate that some of the most talented and well-known historical figures of art and science lived and worked with mental illnesses. From Isaac Newton to Virginia Woolf, depression to schizophrenia, history is littered with brilliant minds affected (or rumored to be) by mental disorders. Of course, because these famous individuals, often long dead, are unavailable for comment, scholars and enthusiasts look to what remains—bodies of work, letters, journals, family and local records—anything that might offer clues as to the lives they led and the state of their minds. This specialized work is often the result of cross-disciplinary collaborations or extracurricular undertakings—mental health professionals and art historians or literary theorists working together, dabbling in each other’s arenas out of interest and curiosity.
Too Busy in the Residency Race to Think About Race
Authors: Taylor Jerome
Published: February 2024

Emails with the subject line “We need your help!!!!” flooded my inbox. It was an email thread initiated by a black friend and sent to some of the racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities in Yale’s Psychiatry Residency Training Program. The email was related to the recent race-related events on Yale’s campus—a debate about wearing racial/ethnic Halloween costumes and an alleged “White Girls Only” frat party. After skimming the email, I clicked back to the patient note I was typing.
FOOD FOR THOUGHT: CHALLENGES AND TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENTS CARING FOR COLLEGE-AGE PATIENTS WITH EATING DISORDERS
Authors: Mahr Fauzia , Berlyant Maxwell J. , Sullivan Paul , Behar Simone , Paternostro Jenna , Friedberg Robert D. , Nadeem Tania
Published: February 2024

Eating disorders (EDs) are on the rise in college students, who are particularly at risk due to biological and lifestyle changes.1,2 However, a conspicuous lack of training curricula for psychiatric residents to manage EDs in a college-age population accompanies these trends. Therefore, practicing psychiatrists enter the field often illequipped to deal with these clinical challenges. This manuscript discusses the impact of EDs, identifies training challenges, and provides pedagogical recommendations for psychiatric residency training programs.
NON-SUICIDAL SELF-HARM: TRANSLATING FINDINGS INTO STRATEGIES
Authors: Masters Kim J.
Published: February 2024

How Common is Self-Injury? A review of 53 studies between 2005-2011 found an 18% lifetime prevalence for Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI).1 This prevalence rate is similar to that for deliberate selfharm (DSH) (16%), which includes self-harm with and without suicidal intent. The diagnosis of NSSI has been aided by its inclusion in the recent DSM-5 conditions for further study.2 A summary of the suggested DSM-5 criteria is listed in Table 1.
A CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIST’S PRIMER ON MEDIA AND SOCIAL MEDIA ADVOCACY
Authors: Cox Lara J. , Tyll James , Kroeger Ptakowski Kristin , Koh Steve
Published: February 2024

I don’t have time to be an advocate. Between long clinic hours, mountains of paperwork, and the demands of busy lives, the idea of becoming an advocate for child and adolescent mental health may seem impossible. The word “advocacy” conjures up images of lobbyists courting legislators or media campaigns for stigma reduction. But what does advocacy really mean? At its core, it means speaking on behalf of our patients and our profession. When you spend time on the phone with an insurance company getting prior authorization, you are advocating for your patient; when you meet with a family to explain their loved one’s symptoms, you are an advocate; educating medical students or physicians in other specialties is advocacy.
JUST DO IT! Pointers to Get Your Work Published in the Academic Literature (… and why you should, no pressure)
Authors: Martin Andrés
Published: February 2024

You are not alone in coming to the realization that writing is hard work. Don’t believe anyone who says otherwise, but also don’t let it dissuade you from giving it a shot. You may not know it, and someone early in his or her career may not believe it, but the fact is that someone wants to read your work, and there is a home for it. Only one thing is for certain: if you don’t get started and give it a real try, then your work will never be published. Writing is hard work, but it is also a skill you can learn and one that gets better with practice and time. I hope to persuade you that there are steps you can take to make the process more efficient, more hopeful, more likely to succeed, and, if nothing else, more bearable.
Empirical Study of Pairs Trading in Cambodia Securities Exchange
Authors: Lim Siphat
Published: February 2024

A pair trading strategy of two shares works when there is a co-integration between the two equities. This paper uses the two-step Engle and Granger method to establish whether or not the two stock price series had a long-run relationship. Since the residual term predicted from the sample regression function between the dependent variable, PPSP, and the independent variable, PWSA, is stationary, as indicated by the ADF test, all listed stocks in CSX, a pair of equities, PPSP and PWSA, are co-integrated. During the research period, the price spread increased three times to two standard deviations. At any point, one unit of outperformance stock is short, and one unit of co-integrated ratio is long. Pair trading has an average investment return of 8.0264 percent, outperforming the weighted average return of 1.1651 percent. Keywords: Pair trading; CSX; Co-integration; ADF test
Reducing low value surgical care
Authors: Bhangu Aneel
Published: February 2024

Editorials do not have an abstract
Impact of common surgical and anaesthetic strategies for pain control after elective gastrointestinal surgery: cohort study
Authors: Nepogodiev Dmitri , Bhangu Aneel , Osei-Bordom Daniel , Omar Omar , Bach Simon
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Poor pain control after surgery is associated with chronic pain and opioid dependence. This study aimed to determine the incidence of patient reported pain control failure following gastrointestinal surgery, and to evaluate the impact of common preventative surgical and anaesthetic strategies.

Methods: Data were extracted from an electronic health record that linked real-time, ward-based pain scores with prescribing data. Adults undergoing major elective gastrointestinal surgery in 2011-18 were included. The primary endpoint was early pain control failure (≥1 instances of moderate or severe pain on postoperative days 0-2). Secondary outcomes were late (postoperative days 3-5) and persistent (both early and late) pain control failure.

Results: Of 2238 patients, half underwent planned open surgery (50.3%, 1126/2238). Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) was initially used in 49.7% (1113/2238) and epidural in 35.0% (784/2238). Early (54%, 1211/2238), late (33.7%, 755/2238), and persistent (24.9%, 557/2238) pain control failures occurred frequently. In multivariable analyses, minimally invasive surgery was associated with fewer early, late, and persistent pain control failures than open surgery. There was no association between initial epidural analgesia and early or persistent pain control failure, but there was an association with increased late failure (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.08-1.73, p=0.009). Of patients with initial epidural analgesia, 39.3% (308/784) were subsequently converted to PCA.

Conclusion: Epidural analgesia offered no advantage over PCA, with pain control failure common irrespective of analgesic strategy. Increasing the uptake of minimally invasive surgery, through medical advances to down-stage disease, may offer a path to effectively improve postoperative pain failure.
Peak performance in surgery: how machine learning can improve surgical performance
Authors: El-Hussuna Alaa
Published: February 2024

Surgical research is associated with specific methodological and practical challenges related to the assessment of complex interventions and variation of clinical equipoise. Biases can, to some degree, be overcome by randomisation, blinding, and intervention standardisation, although randomised trials can be costly and time-consuming. This poses a unique opportunity for innovation in surgical research design and evaluation to improve both validity of surgical trials and their assessment. There are many examples of challenging topics in surgical research, and despite thousands of studies, robust evidence is still elusive. Many of those challenges might be addressed by implementing Machine Learning approach.
Improving access to patient information leaflets in patients undergoing emergency appendicectomy
Authors: Louden Harriet , Lawday Samuel
Published: February 2024

Background

Informed consent is a cornerstone of ethical surgical practise. Patients undergoing emergency surgery have reduced time to consider their options when compared to the elective setting. Therefore, improving informed consent in this setting is critical. We aim to increase the provision of a pre-operative patient information leaflet (PIL) for patients undergoing an emergency appendicectomy by 50% over two audit cycles.

Methods

The same methodology were used for both cycles of this audit. Patients were identified through histopathology lists over a two week period. Medical notes were reviewed for documentation of provision of trust approved patient information leaflets. A QR code for an electronic version of the information leaflet was added to emergency clinic rooms, doctors handover rooms and the SHO on call bleep between audit periods.

Results

Empirical results from two audit cycles revealed that introduction of a QR code increased uptake from 0% of patients receiving the recommended appendicectomy leaflet, to 58%, achieving our aim.

Conclusion

The QR code provided a useful transportable resource, which was utilised by doctors. This provides scope for progression in provision of leaflet for other surgical issues, both in inpatient and outpatient settings, through utilisation of a QR code.
Towards Sustainable Urological Practice: A Comprehensive Analysis of Environmental Impact and Solutions
Authors: Tayo Oluwabunmi
Published: February 2024

The environmental impact of urological surgeries, attributed to energy usage, waste generation, and resource utilization, calls for an integration of sustainability within urological practices. This research aims to quantify the environmental effects of urological procedures and present ecologically responsible alternatives without compromising patient care.
A low-cost wireless extension for object detection and data logging for educational robotics using the ESP-NOW protocol
Authors: Capaldi Emma I.
Published: February 2024

In recent years, inexpensive and easy to use robotics platforms have been incorporated into middle school, high school, and college educational curricula and competitions all over the world. Students have access to advanced microprocessors and sensor systems that engage, educate, and encourage their creativity. In this study, the capabilities of the widely available VEX Robotics System are extended using the wireless ESP-NOW protocol to allow for real-time data logging and to extend the computational capabilities of the system. Specifically, this study presents an open source system that interfaces a VEX V5 microprocessor, an OpenMV camera, and a computer. Images from OpenMV are sent to a computer where object detection algorithms can be run and instructions sent to the VEX V5 microprocessor while system data and sensor readings are sent from the VEX V5 microprocessor to the computer. System performance was evaluated as a function of distance between transmitter and receiver, data packet round trip timing, and object detection using YoloV8. Three sample applications are detailed including the evaluation of a vision-based object sorting machine, a drivetrain trajectory analysis, and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm tuning experiment. It was concluded that the system is well suited for real time object detection tasks and could play an important role in improving robotics education.
Categorization of tweets for damages: infrastructure and human damage assessment using fine-tuned BERT model
Authors: Malik Muhammad Shahid Iqbal , Younas Muhammad Zeeshan , Jamjoom Mona Mamdouh , Ignatov Dmitry I.
Published: February 2024

Identification of infrastructure and human damage assessment tweets is beneficial to disaster management organizations as well as victims during a disaster. Most of the prior works focused on the detection of informative/situational tweets, and infrastructure damage, only one focused on human damage. This study presents a novel approach for detecting damage assessment tweets involving infrastructure and human damages. We investigated the potential of the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer (BERT) model to learn universal contextualized representations targeting to demonstrate its effectiveness for binary and multi-class classification of disaster damage assessment tweets. The objective is to exploit a pre-trained BERT as a transfer learning mechanism after fine-tuning important hyper-parameters on the CrisisMMD dataset containing seven disasters. The effectiveness of fine-tuned BERT is compared with five benchmarks and nine comparable models by conducting exhaustive experiments. The findings show that the fine-tuned BERT outperformed all benchmarks and comparable models and achieved state-of-the-art performance by demonstrating up to 95.12% macro-f1-score, and 88% macro-f1-score for binary and multi-class classification. Specifically, the improvement in the classification of human damage is promising.
Quality of accounting information: study on the public transparency portal of Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Da Silva Taynara Milene , Guimarães Luciana Gondim de Almeida , Morais Maria Auxiliadora de Oliveira
Published: February 2024

The objective of this article is to analyze the quality of accounting information on the portal of the executive power of the Public Transparency of Rio Grande do Norte, from descriptive, documentary, quantitative research, with application of the theoretical, legal and social model (TLS) adapted with the use of the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) technique to consider the importance of the criteria used in the portal. It was concluded that the evaluation of the Portal do RN, was 38.90 in the Active Transparency Dimension, 10.79% in Usability and Accessibility, Content and Overview Dimension with 10.19% and Passive Transparency Dimension with a maximum value of 8 %, obtaining an overall average rating of 67.22%. Thus, this study seeks to contribute with a view to adequate compliance with legal requirements regarding access to information, through a multi-criteria scientific model.
Exploring the Responses of Teak and Eucalyptus to Elevated Carbon Dioxide in a Changing Atmosphere
Authors: Sugumaran M. P.  , Kumar Gudimetha Ganesh , Porkodi G.  , Kalaichelvi K.
Published: February 2024

Global warming plays a major role in climate change that is mainly caused by the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide(N2O) and Chloro Fluoro Carbons (CFC) level in the last two decades. These greenhouse gases partially absorb long wave radiation remitted by the earth’s warm surface and re-emit the same resulting in warming up in the atmosphere. Climate change can be identified by changes in mean and variability of its properties. Climate changes are operated by the increase of (Green House gases) of them Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most important greenhouse gases because of which influence the growth and morphology of industrially important tree species in tropics. Teak and Eucalyptus are the economically important tree species grown throughout the world in current study found that morphological, physiological and biochemical changes under elevated CO2 conditions. Forests, comprising diverse ecosystems and housing a plethora of plant species, play a critical role in mitigating climate change by acting as carbon sinks. Among the key contributors to this dynamic, Teak and Eucalyptus, as prominent tropical tree species, have been identified for their potential to sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) and influence ecosystem dynamics. Understanding how these trees respond to elevated CO2 levels is imperative for predicting the resilience and adaptability of forest ecosystems in the face of ongoing climate change. As we navigate a changing climate, unraveling the intricacies of how these vital tree species interact with elevated CO2 provides crucial insights for informed forest management and conservation practices.
Acceptability of Coconut Meat Sisig Recipe in St. Paul University Surigao, Philippines
Authors: Serato Joven C. , Gaddi Jojames Arnaldo G. , Digal Emelyn S. , Labor Mary Jane C. , Villa Miamie C. , Bermudez Queenie L.
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to assess the acceptability of the Coconut Meat Sisig Recipe among Senior High School teachers. We employed a descriptive research design and utilized a survey technique for data collection. The data were collected through an adapted and modified questionnaire. We used Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution, Mean and Standard Deviation, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as statistical tools. The results indicated that the Coconut Meat Sisig recipe is highly acceptable in appearance, color, aroma, taste, and texture. The innovative incorporation of coconut meat as the primary ingredient received a positive reception, demonstrating the dish's potential for favorable adoption in the culinary preferences of this target group. Furthermore, the Coconut Meat Sisig recipe enjoyed universal acclaim, with slight variations in perception related to educational backgrounds concerning texture. Given its broad acceptance among Senior High School teachers, it is recommended to promote the Coconut Meat Sisig recipe as an innovative and attractive option for school canteens.
Evaluating the Antifeedant Effects of Andrographolide-based Formulations against Lampides boeticus L., under Laboratory Condition
Authors: Raj Neethu G. , Santhosh Kumar T.
Published: February 2024

Aims: To evaluate the antifeedant activity of Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus,1767), larvae exposed to various concentrations of Andrographolide-based formulations under laboratory conditions.

Study Design:  Completely Randomized Design

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani and NCESS, Kerala during 2019- 2023.

Methodology: The experiment was conducted with 9 treatments and 4 replications, treatments included various concentrations (1,3,5 and 7%) of formulations A (Andrographolide (70%) + Neem oil (20%) + Triton X-100 (10%)) and B (Andrographolide (70%) + Pungam oil (20%) + Triton X-100 (10%)). To assess the impact of formulations in the feeding behaviour of freshly moulted third instar larvae of L.boeticus L., no choice bioassay method was used. Each Petri plate lined with moist filter paper, confined a single larva with the treated pods of each specific concentration. The weight of the food consumed by the larvae was recorded at an interval of 24 hours after treatment and calculated percent feeding, per cent feeding inhibition, antifeedant activity (protection over control) and preference index of L. boeticus L., larvae against the formulations.

Results: The results revealed that 7% of formulation A exhibits the highest larval feeding inhibition (93.05%), followed by 7% of formulation B (87.81%). Both formulations at 5% concentrations also demonstrate significant antifeedant effects. Preference index values categorize 7% of formulations A and B as extremely antifeedant.  The findings highlight the efficacy of these formulations in inhibiting larval feeding, with potential applications in pest management strategies.

Conclusion: The present findings have demonstrated the notable efficacy of formulations A and B, particularly at the 7% concentration, in significantly inhibiting larval feeding of L.boeticus L., and the reduction in larval feeding percentages, coupled with high antifeedant activity and feeding inhibition rates, highlights the potential of andrographolide based formulations as potent biopesticides.
Conjugated Oligomers with Terminal Donor–Acceptor Substitution
Authors: Meier Herbert
Published: April 2005

Conjugated oligomers represent a prominent class of compounds from a viewpoint of their theory, synthesis, and applications in materials science. Push‐pull substitution with an electron donor D at one end of the conjugation and an electron acceptor A at the other end results in them having outstanding optical and electronical properties. This Review highlights fundamental synthetic strategies for the preparation of such oligomers with n repeat units (n=1, 2, 3, 4, …︁) and the rules that govern their linear and nonlinear optical properties (absorption, frequency doubling and tripling). The unification of chemical, physical, and theoretical aspects with an interdisciplinary image of this class of compounds is attempted herein.
Characterization of poly(D,L‐lactic acid) synthesized by direct melt polymerization and its application in Chinese traditional medicine compound prescription microspheres
Authors: Zhao Yaoming , Wang Zhaoyang , Yang Fan
Published: April 2005

From D,L‐lactic acid and with 0.5 wt % stannous chloride (SnCl2) as a catalyst under an absolute pressure of 70 Pa and at 165–170°C, poly(D,L‐lactic acid) (PDLLA) with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.2302 dL/g was synthesized after 10 h of melt polycondensation. This directly produced PDLLA was systematically characterized with gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared, 1H‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. The weight‐average molecular weight of PDLLA was 17,800 Da, and the weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight ratio was 1.25. It was partly crystalline, and its crystallinity was 20.8%. When first applied to the Chinese traditional medicine compound prescription Osteitis no. 1 PDLLA microsphere (G‐PDLLA‐MS), the optimal conditions for the extraction of the effective components in three raw herbs (Herba epimedii, Fructus psorakae, and Angelicae) and for the preparation of G‐PDLLA‐MS were determined with orthogonal testing. After the extractant was obtained by ethanol reflux, G‐PDLLA‐MS was prepared with a gelatin concentration of 8%, an inner water phase/oil phase volume ratio of 1.5:1, a stirring rate of dispersion of 1000 rpm, and a PDLLA concentration of 20%. Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy proved that G‐PDLLA‐MS had a good spherical shape. The practical average particle size of G‐PDLLA‐MS was 8.59 μm, and the particle sum between 2 and 12 μm was greater than 92%; this meets the requirement for an arthritis cure. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 195–200, 2005
Basiskonzepte ‐ eine Herausforderung an den Chemieunterricht
Authors: Demuth Reinhard , Ralle Bernd , Parchmann Ilka
Published: April 2005

Die Diskussion um Basiskonzepte, Leitideen o.ä. hat in jüngster Zeit nicht zuletzt durch die PISA‐Studie oder die Formulierung einheitlicher Bildungsstandards neuen Aufwind bekommen. Der nachfolgende Beitrag versucht, die Begriffsvielfalt zu klären und Hintergründe zu beleuchten. Ein späterer Beitrag wird darauf aufbauend konkrete Beispiele einer unterrichtlichen Umsetzung aufzeigen.
Der ‚interaktive’︁ Bleiakku im Chemieunterricht. Eine Untersuchung im Rahmen des Projektes ChiLe ‐ Chemie interaktiv Lernen
Authors: Pietzner Verena , Meyer Hannes
Published: April 2005

Durch die fortschreitende technische Ausstattung der Schulen mit Computern und Präsentationstechnik eröffnen sich auch für den Chemieunterricht zunehmend Möglichkeiten des Computereinsatzes. Das im Folgenden vorgestellte Projekt ChiLe schafft Angebote für eine leichte Integration des Computers in den klassischen Chemieunterricht. Zusätzlich bzw. parallel zur Bereitstellung wird erforscht, welche Auswirkungen der Computereinsatz im Chemieunterricht auf die Behaltensleistung und das Lernklima hat. Eine erste Untersuchung erfolgte im Rahmen einer Fallstudie mit der Lerneinheit „Der Bleiakku”︁.
Inferior olivary neurons innervate multiple zones of the flocculus in pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Pakan Janelle M.P. , Todd Kathryn G. , Nguyen Angela P. , Winship Ian R. , Hurd Peter L. , Jantzie Lauren L. , Wylie Douglas R.W.
Published: April 2005

Complex spike activity of floccular Purkinje cells responds to patterns of rotational optic flow about the vertical axis (rVA neurons) or a horizontal axis 45° to the midline (rH45 neurons). The pigeon flocculus is organized into four parasagittal zones: two rVA zones (zones 0 and 2) interdigitated with two rH45 zones (zones 1 and 3). Climbing fiber input to the rVA and rH45 zones arises in the caudal and rostral regions of the medial column of the inferior olive (mcIO), respectively. To determine whether the two rVA zones and the two rH45 zones receive input from different areas of the caudal and rostral mcIO and whether individual neurons project to both zones of the same rotational preference, different colors of fluorescent retrograde tracer were injected into the two rVA or two rH45 zones. For the rVA injections, retrogradely labeled cells from the two zones were intermingled in the caudal mcIO, but the distribution of cells labeled from zone 0 was slightly caudal to that from zone 2. On average, 18% of neurons were double labeled. For the rH45 injections, cells retrogradely labeled from the two zones were intermingled in the rostral mcIO, but the distribution of cells labeled from zone 1 was slightly rostral to that from zone 3. On average, 22% of neurons were double labeled. In sum, each of the two rVA zones and the two rH45 zones receives input from slightly different regions of the mcIO, and about 20% of the neurons project to both zones. J. Comp. Neurol. 486:159–168, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐Adsorption of Copper(II) and 3‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazole at a Water–Natural Macromolecular Compound Interface: Molecular Structure from Adsorption Isotherms Combined with X‐ray Absorption Measurements
Authors: Flogeac Karine , Guillon Emmanuel , Aplincourt Michel
Published: April 2005

The co‐adsorption of CuII and amitrole at a water–natural macromolecular compound interface was studied by means of batch adsorption experiments, Fourier transform infrared, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The binary systems, aqueous amitrole–CuII complex, and amitrole and CuII adsorbed on the surface of the solid were studied. The ternary system was investigated over the pH range 2–10 and at varying metal concentrations. The combination of macroscopic and molecular information shows that CuII and amitrole interact directly at the water–solid interface to form ternary surface complexes. A two‐step mechanism is proposed whereby initial formation of a CuII–amitrole aqueous complex is followed by the sorption of this complex onto the surface. The structure of the ternary complex was elucidated. Copper(II) is bound to the surface in an inner‐sphere mode, while two amitrole ligands simultaneously bonded in a monodentate fashion to CuII to form a six‐membered coordination sphere around the metal cation. The copper coordination sphere is completed by two water molecules. This structure and the mechanism proposed are supported by a combination of potentiometric data, IR and UV/visible spectroscopies and XAS measurements. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Delayed repair of corticospinal tract lesions as an assay for the effectiveness of transplantation of Schwann cells
Authors: Keyvan‐Fouladi Naghmeh , Raisman Geoffrey , Li Ying
Published: April 2005

We have previously shown that cultured adult olfactory ensheathing cells injected after 8 weeks into functionally complete unilateral lesions of the rat corticospinal tract induce restoration of paw reaching function to about 50% of normal, starting at around 10 days after transplantation. This provides an assay for determining the effectiveness of different methods of cell preparation or different cell types. We report that transplantation of cultured adult peripheral nerve Schwann cells also restores function, but the effect is delayed until around 30 days after transplantation and reaches only around 5–10% of normal. The presence of fibroblasts in the Schwann cell cultures neither improves, nor impairs the reparative effect, but fibroblasts alone (without Schwann cells) have no reparative effect. Without transplantation of exogenous Schwann cells, the ingrowth of endogenous Schwann cells which occurs spontaneously into these lesions does not restore function. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Polymeric Topological Isomers through Double Metathesis Condensation with H‐Shaped Telechelic Precursors
Authors: Tezuka Yasuyuki , Ohashi Fuminobu
Published: April 2005

Summary: An H‐shaped poly(tetrahydrofuran), poly(THF), having four terminal allyl groups was prepared through the covalent conversion of an ionically linked polymer assembly, comprised of four units of cationic poly(THF) having a pyrrolidinium salt and an allyl end group, and one unit of anionic poly(THF) having two dicarboxylate end groups. A pair of polymeric topological isomers, having double‐cyclic, manacle, and θ‐shaped constructions, was subsequently produced under dilution through the intramolecular double metathesis condensation of four terminal allyl groups of the H‐shaped precursor.

The formation of manacle‐shaped and θ‐shaped architectures by the intramolecular double metathesis condensation of an H‐shaped poly(tetrahydrofuran) with four terminal allyl groups.

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The formation of manacle‐shaped and θ‐shaped architectures by the intramolecular double metathesis condensation of an H‐shaped poly(tetrahydrofuran) with four terminal allyl groups.
Simultaneous perfusion and blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent measurements using single‐shot interleaved z‐shim echo‐planar imaging
Authors: Yang Yihong , Gu Hong , Silbersweig David A. , Stern Emily
Published: April 2005

Single‐shot interleaved z‐shim EPI (SSIZS‐EPI) was extended to a simultaneous perfusion and blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) imaging technique that reduces susceptibility‐induced signal loss while preserving rapid image acquisition. Experiments on human brains showed that images acquired with this technique had improved signal‐to‐noise ratio in the inferior prefrontal, meso‐, and lateral–temporal lobes compared with a conventional EPI. Perfusion maps obtained from the SSIZS‐EPI images at resting state illustrated substantial signal recovery in these brain areas. Perfusion and BOLD images collected with a sensorimotor paradigm demonstrated the feasibility of the technique to simultaneously measure cerebral blood flow and blood oxygenation signals associated with brain activation. Functional experiments with a neuropsychiatric paradigm showed increased brain activities in the periamygdalar regions in both perfusion and BOLD maps, consistent with a previous H215O PET study. The proposed technique, with its advantages of reducing susceptibility artifacts and fast scanning speed, would be useful for obtaining more reliable measurements of functional signals, particularly in the brain regions with field inhomogeneities. Magn Reson Med 53:1207–1211, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detonation in TATB Hemispheres
Authors: Druce Robert L. , Souers P. Clark , Chow Charles , Roeske Franklin , Vitello Peter , Hrousis Constantine
Published: April 2005

Streak camera breakout and Fabry‐Perot interferometer data have been taken on the outer surface of 1.80 g/cm3 TATB hemispherical boosters initiated by slapper detonators at three temperatures. The slapper causes breakout to occur at 54° at ambient temperatures and 42° at −54 °C, where the axis of rotation is 0°. The Fabry velocities may be associated with pressures, and these decrease for large timing delays in breakout seen at the colder temperatures. At room temperature, the Fabry pressures appear constant at all angles. Both fresh and decade‐old explosive are tested and no difference is seen. The problem has been modeled with reactive flow. Adjustment of the JWL for temperature makes little difference, but cooling to −54 °C decreases the rate constant by 1/6th. The problem was run both at constant density and with density differences using two different codes. The ambient code results show that a density difference is probably present, but it cannot be quantified.
Endogenous cannabinoids − a local message in and between the nervous and immune system
Authors: Ullrich Oliver , Schneider‐Stock Regine
Published: April 2005

The endocannabinoid system, consisting of cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands and enzymes for synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids, is well known to participate crucially in CNS signal transduction. During the last decade, it became evident that endocannabinoids are also playing an important role during cell‐cell‐communication in the immune system and the regulation of proliferation and cell death, therefore opening new avenues of therapeutic intervention. This review gives an overview about endocannabinoid synthesis, degradation and intracellular signal transduction and describes the endocannabinoid systems as an important local messenger system between the nervous and immune system.