bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A fixed rehearsal capacity interpretation of limits on absolute identification performance
Authors: Marley A. A. J. , Cook V. T.
Published: August 2011

The information transmitted in absolute identification quickly reaches its upper limit as the number of (one‐dimensional) signals, and their range, is increased. Several explanations have been given of this phenomenon, but all are ad hoc in one way or another. Here we present a ‘memory’ or ‘rehearsal’ interpretation. The basic (psychological) representation of each signal in an absolute identification experiment is assumed to be quite accurate, and independent of the other stimuli used in the experiment. However, the identification of the stimulus presented on a particular trial is relative to a ‘frame’ (usually the range of stimuli in that experiment) that the subject must ‘rehearse’ using a fixed capacity rehearsal system. In special cases, this model reduces to earlier suggestions, but its general motivation seems somewhat less ad hoc than that of earlier ideas, and it is also easily applied to the absolute identification of multivariate signals and to magnitude estimation.
Controlling power in a heteroscedastic ANOVA procedure
Authors: Wilcox Rand R.
Published: August 2011

The advantage of the Bishop–Dudewicz ANOVA procedure is that, without assuming equal variances, the experimenter can guarantee that the Type I and Type II error probabilities are exactly equal to α and β respectively. Because unequal variances are known to affect both Type I and Type II errors, their procedure can be important in practice. However, to use their procedure, the experimenter must determine the constant, say d, such that Pr[Σ(Tj–T̄+(μj–μ)/√ d)2 ≥ c] = 1 – β, where the Tjs are J independent Student's t random variables, each having ν degrees of freedom, c is the critical value used in the Bishop–Dudewicz procedure, μ = Σμj/J, and the μjs are the means of J independent normal random variables. Bishop & Dudewicz proposed a method of approximating d, but for many researchers and students, the procedure is inconvenient to the point that few would apply it. This brief note proposes and examines two simple approximations to d. One of these, which is based on a new approximation of the non‐null distribution, appears to be especially accurate.
L. L. Thurstone: A new assessment
Authors: Still Arthur
Published: August 2011

Most psychologists have heard of Thurstone, and know him as a pioneer of mathematical psychology and factor analysis. But his appearances in history books are rare and peripheral, as a man of technical prowess rather than intellectual achievement, and at best he is seen as a link in the tradition culminating in signal detection and mathematical learning theory. Nineteen eighty‐seven is the centenary of his birth, so it is a timely moment to correct this picture. Thurstone was influenced by G. H. Mead, and his work is best placed within the pragmatist movement, not as moving towards the mechanistic psychology that now dominates psychology. Viewed in this way, his true status and the reasons for his relative neglect become apparent. This is illustrated by a detailed consideration of his mathematical learning models.
Statistical analysis of continuous and polytomous variables in several populations
Authors: Poon Wai‐Yin , Lee Sik‐Yum
Published: August 2011

The main purpose of this article is to develop statistical theory for analysing continuous and polytomous variables in several populations. A general multivariate model is defined with a set of identification conditions. Interpretations of these identification conditions are studied. To achieve the desirable asymptotic properties for statistical inferences, the maximum likelihood approach will be employed to estimate the unknown parameters in the model. Computationally, a program based on the Fletcher‐Powell algorithm is constructed to get the maximum likelihood estimates, and the information matrix is implemented to produce the standard error estimates. Statistical inference for various null hypotheses on comparisons of the means, variances, polychoric and polyserial correlations among the variables across or within different populations is discussed. A computationally more efficient partition maximum likelihood approach is also proposed. Finally, applications of the theory to some examples and a simulation study on the comparison of the maximum likelihood approach and partition maximum likelihood approach are presented.
Models for asymmetric proximities
Authors: Zielman Bertie , Heiser Willem J.
Published: August 2011

All major models for asymmetric proximities are a combination of a symmetric similarity component and an asymmetric dominance component. The differences and similarities between the methods that are discussed in this paper are revealed by applying a certain decomposition to the model parameters, clearly separating the dominance and symmetric similarity component. The notion of skew‐symmetry turns out to be an often seen element in modelling asymmetry, although sometimes in disguise and difficult to recognize. The decomposition shows that there are two classes of models, one that assumes that the asymmetric relationships are transitive, while the other class consists of models that can also represent circular asymmetric relationships.
The analysis of repeated measurements: A quantitative research synthesis
Authors: Keselman Joanne C. , Lix Lisa M. , Keselman H. J.
Published: August 2011

Meta‐analytic methods were used to summarize the results of Monte Carlo studies investigating the Type I error and power properties of various univariate and multivariate procedures for testing within‐subjects effects in split‐plot repeated measures designs. Results indicated that all test procedures were generally robust to violations of the multivariate normality assumption, but varied in terms of their Type I error control when the sphericity assumption was not satisfied. For balanced designs, the usual F and ê adjusted F tests (Greenhouse & Geisser, 1959) were generally robust to moderate degrees of covariance heterogeneity, whereas the multivariate procedures were slightly more affected by departures from this assumption. When the design was unbalanced, however, all procedures were sensitive to the presence of heterogeneous covariance matrices, particularly when testing the within‐subjects interaction effect. Power rates varied little as a function of assumption violations. However, this finding may be due to the restricted range of many of the variables included in the meta‐analysis of the power data as well as the strong and overshadowing relationship between the degree of non‐centrality and power rates. For balanced designs, the use of either an ê‐adjusted univariate or a multivariate approach is recommended; for unbalanced designs, researchers should consider adopting one of several robust alternatives that have recently been suggested in the literature.
Sampling behaviour of kappa and weighted kappa in the null case
Authors: Rae Gordon
Published: August 2011

Kappa and weighted kappa are widely used statistics for measuring inter‐rater agreement. New formulas for their asymptotic standard errors are proposed under the condition that their population values are zero, and their behaviours compared to that of previous formulas used to test the null hypothesis that these population measures are zero. The results indicate that critical ratios based on the new formulas provide better control of Type I errors. The implications of these findings for the prediction analysis of cross‐classifications are also considered.
A Synthetic Model of the Mn
3
Ca Subsite of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex in Photosystem II
Authors: Kanady Jacob S. , Tsui Emily Y. , Day Michael W. , Agapie Theodor
Published: August 2011

A model compound sheds light on the puzzling role of calcium in the metal cluster that oxidizes water during photosynthesis.
Pythium aphanidermatum Infection following Combat Trauma
Authors: Calvano Tatjana P. , Blatz Peter J. , Vento Todd J. , Wickes Brian L. , Sutton Deanna A. , Thompson Elizabeth H. , White Christopher E. , Renz Evan M. , Hospenthal Duane R.
Published: August 2011

Pythium aphanidermatum
is a fungus-like plant pathogen which has never been reported as a cause of human infection. We report a case of
P. aphanidermatum
invasive wound infection in a 21-year-old male injured during combat operations in Afghanistan.
Pyrosequencing for Rapid Molecular Detection of Rifampin and Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains and Clinical Specimens
Authors: García-Sierra N. , Lacoma A. , Prat C. , Haba L. , Maldonado J. , Ruiz-Manzano J. , Gavin P. , Samper S. , Ausina V. , Domínguez J.
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate a pyrosequencing method for the detection of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
isolates resistant to rifampin and isoniazid using both clinical strains and clinical samples, comparing the results with those of the Bactec 460TB and GenoType MTBDR
plus
assays. In comparison to Bactec 460TB as the gold standard, the sensitivity of pyrosequencing for detecting isoniazid and rifampin resistance was 76.9% and 97.2%, respectively, for clinical strains, and the specificity was 97.2 and 97.9%, respectively. For clinical specimens, the sensitivity and specificity for both drugs were 85.7% and 100%, respectively. The overall concordance between pyrosequencing and the GenoType MTBDR
plus
assay for clinical strains was 99.1%, and for clinical samples, it was 98.2%. Pyrosequencing is a valuable tool for rifampin and isoniazid resistance detection.
Tetrabenzodiazaporphyrin: the semiconducting hybrid of phthalocyanine and tetrabenzoporphyrin
Authors: Okujima Tetsuo , Jin Guangnan , Otsubo Saika , Aramaki Shinji , Ono Noboru , Yamada Hiroko , Uno Hidemitsu
Published: August 2011

Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene(BCOD)-fused diazaporphyrin was synthesized by the reaction of BCOD-fused dipyrromethane with sodium nitrite in acetic acid/ethanol in the presence of copper(II) acetylacetonate. This soluble precursor was converted into the semiconducting thin film of (tetrabenzodiazaporphyrinato)copper(II) by heating after fabrication via spin-coating.
Contribution of Kv2.1 channels to the delayed rectifier current in freshly dispersed smooth muscle cells from rabbit urethra
Authors: Kyle B. , Bradley E. , Ohya S. , Sergeant G. P. , McHale N. G. , Thornbury K. D. , Hollywood M. A.
Published: August 2011

We have characterized the native voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) current in rabbit urethral smooth muscle cells (RUSMC) and compared its pharmacological and biophysical properties with Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 channels cloned from the rabbit urethra and stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells (HEKKv2.1 and HEKKv2.2). RUSMC were perfused with Hanks′ solution at 37°C and studied using the patch-clamp technique with K+-rich pipette solutions. Cells were bathed in 100 nM Penitrem A (Pen A) to block large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) currents and depolarized to +40 mV for 500 ms to evoke Kv currents. These were unaffected by margatoxin, κ-dendrotoxin, or α-dendrotoxin (100 nM, n = 3–5) but were blocked by stromatoxin-1 (ScTx, IC50 ∼130 nM), consistent with the idea that the currents were carried through Kv2 channels. RNA was detected for Kv2.1, Kv2.2, and the silent subunit Kv9.3 in urethral smooth muscle. Immunocytochemistry showed membrane staining for both Kv2 subtypes and Kv9.3 in isolated RUSMC. HEKKv2.1 and HEKKv2.2 currents were blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by ScTx, with estimated IC50 values of ∼150 nM (Kv2.1, n = 5) and 70 nM (Kv2.2, n = 6). The mean half-maximal voltage ( V1/2) of inactivation of the USMC Kv current was −56 ± 3 mV ( n = 9). This was similar to the HEKKv2.1 current (−55 ± 3 mV, n = 13) but significantly different from the HEKKv2.2 currents (−30 ± 3 mV, n = 11). Action potentials (AP) evoked from RUSMC studied under current-clamp mode were unaffected by ScTx. However, when ScTx was applied in the presence of Pen A, the AP duration was significantly prolonged. Similarly, ScTx increased the amplitude of spontaneous contractions threefold, but only after Pen A application. These data suggest that Kv2.1 channels contribute significantly to the Kv current in RUSMC.
Normal Sweat Secretion Despite Impaired Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Axis in Obese Subjects
Authors: Rasmussen Michael Højby , Juul Anders , Main Katharina M. , Hilsted Jannik
Published: August 2011

Adults with GH deficiency are known to exhibit reduced sweating. Whether sweating capacity is impacted in obese subjects with impaired GH secretion have not previously been investigated. The main objective was to investigate sweat secretion rate and the GH-IGF-I axis in obese subjects before and after weight loss. Sixteen severely obese women (BMI, 40.6 ± 1.1 kg/m2) were investigated before and after a diet-induced weight loss. Sixteen age-matched nonobese women served as controls. The obese subjects presented the characteristic decreased GH release, hyperinsulinaemia, increased FFA levels, and impaired insulin sensitivity, which all were normalised after diet-induced weight loss of 30 ± 5 kg. Sweat secretion rates were similar comparing obese and nonobese subjects (78 ± 10 versus 82 ± 9 mg/30 minutes) and sweat secretion did not change after a diet-induced weight loss in obese subjects. We conclude that although obese subjects have markedly reduced GH release and impaired IGF-I levels, sweat secretion rate is found to be normal.
Lack of Association of the Genotype in the GNAS Fok I Polymorphism and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Eisenhardt A. , Scherag A. , Jöckel K.H. , Reis H. , Rübben H. , Siffert W.
Published: August 2011

Background: G proteins are ubiquitously expressed signal transduction proteins playing a key role in multiple signal transduction pathways. The Gαs subunit has been considered as an apoptosis factor. In this study the role of GNAS T393C genotypes of the GNAS gene encoding Gαs was analyzed for its influence on the development and progression of prostate cancer. Methods: Genotyping of the GNAS T393C polymorphism in 196 prostate cancer patients and 200 healthy controls was performed by DNA extraction followed by PCR and restriction analysis. Results: We observed no evidence of effects related to GNAS T393C genotype as demonstrated by a comparison of the genotype distribution in prostate cancer patients and healthy controls, the genotype distribution dependent on grade of the primary diagnosis or data on clinical follow-up. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study did not demonstrate an association between the GNAS T393C genotype and prostate cancer though such a relationship has been described for other cancer entities.
Mycobacterium marinum Epididymoorchitis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Macek P. , Bodnarova M. , Zavada J. , Jezek P. , Pavlik I. , Slany M. , Havelkova M. , Stork J. , Duskova J. , Hanus T. , Kocvara R.
Published: August 2011

Mycobacterium marinum is the most frequent non-tuberculous Mycobacterium in humans. We report the first ever described case of epididymoorchitis resulting from hematogenous spread of M. marinum from hand oligoarthritis. This was initially mistaken for rheumatoid disease and methylprednisolone-induced immunosuppression led to hematogenous spread of infection to the testis and epididymis.
Socioeconomic and Cardiovascular Variables Explaining Regional Variations in Stroke Mortality in Chile: An Ecological Study
Authors: Lavados Pablo M. , Díaz Violeta , Jadue Liliana , Olavarría Verónica V. , Cárcamo Daniel A. , Delgado Iris
Published: August 2011

Background: Regional differences in stroke mortality rates have been described in Chile. These could be related to the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors, the quality of medical care or socioeconomic status influencing incidence or case fatality rates. Our objective was to investigate variables explaining the variability in stroke mortality rates in the different regions of Chile. Methods: Adjusted stroke mortality rates in different regions were calculated for the year 2003. Variables were added from three sources: the National Death Certificate Database, the National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey and the National Health Survey. A logistic regression model was used to investigate regions, demographic variables and socioeconomic variables associated with the risk of death from stroke. A linear regression model was used to study the association of socioeconomic variables and cardiovascular risk factors with the standardized mortality rate by region and the contribution of these to the variability. Results: A twofold increase was found in adjusted stroke mortality rates among regions. Greater risk was associated with older age, female gender and residence in regions V, VII, VIII and IX. Sixty-two percent of the regional variability rate was explained by the combined prevalence of poverty (34%), diabetes (17%), sedentarism (8%) and overweight (3%). Conclusion: The risk of death from stroke in Chile is associated with age, sex and living in four specific regions of the country. The majority of the increased risk in these regions is explained by the prevalence of poverty, diabetes, a sedentary lifestyle and overweight.
Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Among School-Aged Youth Enrolled in School-Based Asthma Management Programs
Authors: Schlueter Dara F. , Rasberry Catherine N. , Buckley Rebekah , Mast Dana Keener , Cheung Karen , Luna Pamela J. , Robin Leah , Greenberg Cynthia , Langenfeld Nancy A.
Published: August 2011

The high prevalence of asthma among school-aged youth places a significant burden on students, families, and communities. Secondhand smoke (SHS) exacerbates asthma symptoms and attacks. Parental smoking is likely the most common and recurring source of SHS exposure among children. School-based asthma management programs can play a major role in educating students and their families about how to reduce, eliminate, and cope with SHS exposure. Between January 2007 and May 2008, a total of 121 middle and 248 elementary school students who participated in school-based asthma management programs in elementary school completed pretest and posttest surveys assessing asthma behaviors and management difficulties. Subgroups of 40 middle and 54 elementary school students participated in 15 focus groups. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent sample t tests. Thematic analysis was used to identify and interpret prominent themes within qualitative data. Quantitative analysis of elementary school student data revealed students exposed to SHS had significantly higher asthma management difficulties at pretest (2.79 vs 1.98, respectively; t = 3.4, P = .001) and posttest (2.56 vs 1.74, respectively; t = 3.8, P < .001) compared with those without SHS exposure. Qualitative results from elementary and middle school students revealed that many students reported SHS exposure resulting from family members smoking at home or in cars. Students and their families reported using ineffective methods (eg, opening a window, drinking water, holding their breath) for reducing, eliminating, and coping with SHS exposure. School-based asthma management programs should provide education to students and their families on the lasting effects of SHS on asthma symptoms and effective strategies for reducing, eliminating, and coping with SHS exposure in homes and cars. A focus on parent and community involvement can play a key role in addressing students’ asthma management needs outside of school.
Have Technological Innovations Made Unethical the Use of Human Subjects for Potency Assessments of Allergenic Extracts?
Authors: Behrmann Jason
Published: August 2011

Since the 1990s, production batch consistency and the standardization of potency units of allergenic extracts used in allergen immunotherapy has been the focus of drug regulatory reforms and much academic debate. This article seeks to expand the current debate by identifying ethical arguments in support of regulatory reforms to eliminate the use of human subjects for potency assessments of these therapeutics. Although human subject testing is the best method to assess biological potency, it also exposes subjects to significant risks, risks that ought to be avoided as much as possible. Innovation in in vitro immunoassays will soon provide feasible alternatives to biological assessments. This article argues that the allergology community must now consider eliminating human subjects in standardization and potency assessment methods as an ethical imperative in regulatory reforms. Moreover, the allergology community will soon need to reach consensus regarding when in vitro tests are “good enough” in replicating biological potency assessments so that human subject testing could be avoided without compromising the safety and efficacy of allergen immunotherapy. Overall, this discussion will provide an overview on how to structure global standardization regulations for allergenic extracts based on the principle of minimizing human subject testing, a topic that, to date, has been largely overlooked in relation to extract standardization policies.
Lifestyle and self-rated health: a cross-sectional study of 3,601 citizens of Athens, Greece
Authors: Darviri Christina , Artemiadis Artemios K , Tigani Xanthi , Alexopoulos Evangelos C
Published: August 2011

Background

Self-rated health (SRH) is a popular health measure determined by multiple factors. International literature is increasingly focusing on health-related behaviors such as smoking, dietary habits, physical activity, even religiosity. However, population-based studies taking into account multiple putative determinants of SRH in Greece are scarce. The aim of this study was to clarify possible determinants of SRH with an emphasis on the relationship between SRH and lifestyle variables in a large sample of urban citizens.

Methods

In this one-year cross-sectional study, a stratified random sample of 3,601 urban citizens was selected. Data were collected using an interview-based questionnaire about various demographic, socioeconomic, disease- and lifestyle related factors such as smoking, physical activity, dietary habits, sleep quality and religiosity. Multivariate logistic regression was used separately in three age groups [15-29 (N = 1,360), 30-49 (N = 1,122) and 50+ (N = 1,119) years old] in order to identify putative lifestyle and other determinants of SRH.

Results

Reporting of good SRH decreased with age (97.1%, 91.4% and 74.8%, respectively). Overall, possible confounders of the lifestyle-SRH relationship among age groups were sex, education, hospitalization during the last year, daily physical symptoms and disease status. Poor SRH was associated with less physical activity in the 15-29 years old (OR 2.22, 95%CI 1.14-4.33), with past or heavy smoking, along with no sleep satisfaction in the 30-49 years old (OR 3.23, 95%CI 1.35-7.74, OR 2.56, 95%CI 1.29-5.05, OR 1.79, 95%CI 1.1-2.92, respectively) and with obesity and no sleep satisfaction in the 50+ years old individuals (OR 1.83, 95%CI 1.19-2.81, OR 2.54, 95%CI 1.83-3.54). Sleep dissatisfaction of the 50+ years old was the only variable associated with poor SRH at the 0.001 p level of significance (OR 2.45, 99%CI 1.59 to 3.76). Subgroup analyses of the 15-19 years old individuals also revealed sleep dissatisfaction as the only significant variable correlated with SRH.

Conclusions

Slight differences in lifestyle determinants of SRH were identified among age groups. Sleep quality emerged as an important determinant of SRH in the majority of participants.
Witten Volume Formulas for Semi-Simple Lie Algebras
Authors: Zhao Jianqiang
Published: August 2011

In this paper we provide an algebraic derivation of the explicit Witten volume formulas for a few semi-simple Lie algebras by combining a combinatorial method with the ideas used by Gunnells and Sczech in the computation of higher-dimensional Dedekind sums.
Combinatorial Proofs of Some Identities for the Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers
Authors: Eustis Alex , Shattuck Mark
Published: August 2011

We study the previously introduced bracketed tiling construction and obtain direct proofs of some identities for the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers. By adding a new type of tile we call a
Chemical and biological evaluation of scandium(III)-polyaminopolycarboxylate complexes as potential PET agents and radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Huclier-Markai S. , Sabatie A. , Ribet S. , Kubícek V. , Paris M. , Vidaud C. , Hermann P. , Cutler C. S.
Published: August 2011

Scandium isotopes (44Sc, 47Sc) are more available and their properties are convenient for either PET imaging or radiotherapy. To use them in nuclear medicine, ligands forming complexes with a high stability are necessary. Available experimental data on stability constants for complexes of ligands such as EDTA, DTPA, DOTA, NOTA and TETA with various metal ions have been published. But scandium is the exception since scarce data is available in the literature. Values of stability constants of Sc(III) with the ligands were determined by free-ion selective radiotracer extraction, complemented by 45Sc NMR and potentiometry data. The thermodynamic stability of the Sc-complexes increases in the order TETA < NOTA < EDTA < DTPA < DOTA. The in vitro stability of the Sc(III) complexes was studied in the presence of hydroxyapatite and rat serum to estimate their in vivo stability. The most stable complex was shown to be Sc-DOTA.
Optical and Crystallographic Studies of Ion-Implanted Relaxor Ferroelectric Lead Zinc Niobate for Single-Crystal Layer Transfer
Authors: Levy M. , Moran P. D.
Published: August 2011

Layer separation of He+-ion implanted relaxor ferroelectric films (0.955)[Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3]–(0.045)[PbTiO3] (0.955PZN-0.045PT) has recently been reported in the literature.[1,2] Here we report on optical and X-ray diffraction analysis of the implanted material prior to separation. The formation of optical waveguides as a result of He+-ion implantation enables us to probe the sacrificial layer. A large refractive index contrast is observed between this layer and the film. Significant tetragonal distortions are also seen in the waveguide region (“the film”). Rapid thermal processing (RTP) significantly changes the peak position of the index contrast profile, possibly indicating a large redistribution of stress by He evolution in the sacrificial layer. A commensurate reduction in tetragonal distortion and local strain distribution in the waveguide region to values close to those observed before implantation is measured by triple crystal high resolution X-ray diffraction.
Spectrophotometric characterization of human impacted surface waters in the Moselle watershed
Authors: Pons M. N. , Potier O. , Pontvianne S. , Laurent N. , France X. , Battaglia P.
Published: August 2011

In order to characterize the pollution discharged into the Moselle River and some of its tributaries, spectroscopic techniques, namely UV–vis spectroscopy and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, have been combined. UV–visible spectra were analysed using the maximum of the second derivative at 225 nm (related to nitrates), the SUVA254 and E2/E3 indices (related to the nature of organic matter). Synchronous fluorescence spectra (Δλ = 50 nm) presented different shapes depending upon the type of pollution. The pollution results from anthropogenic activities: untreated domestic sewage due to misconnections in a periurban river, effluent from urban WWTPs, agricultural runoff (nitrates) in several streams, discharge from a paper mill (humic-like substances due to wood processing) and from steel mills (PAHs).
Registration of ‘Tamcot 73’ Upland Cotton Cultivar
Authors: Smith C. W. , Hague S. , Jones D.
Published: August 2011

Tamcot 73’ upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar (Reg. No. CV‐128, PI 662044) was developed by the Cotton Improvement Laboratory, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research. Tamcot 73 was derived from a complex of crosses that date across several decades of the upland cotton improvement program at Texas AgriLife Research. The breeding lines 93WB‐57s and 95WE‐48, which are closely related to TAM 0155 and TAM 2055, respectively, were crossed in 1999. The F1 and F2 generations were advanced at College Station, TX in 2000 and 2001, with an F3 plant selected in 2002. The F3:4 progeny row was bulked with subsequent generations treated as a pure line for seed increase and performance testing. Tamcot 73 is a conventional cultivar that is competitive in yield potential with the current upland cultivars available for production in central and south Texas. Tamcot 73 exhibited a high–volume‐instrument upper half mean length equal to or greater than the comparison cultivars in four of five comparisons when grown under irrigated and nonirrigated culture in central and south Texas during 2005 through 2009. Uniformity of fiber length and fiber bundle strength of Tamcot 73 exceeded that of most of the commercial comparison cultivars in all environments, and micronaire was within accepted limits in all comparisons. The lint percentage of Tamcot 73 is acceptable yet below that of most current upland cultivars. Tamcot 73 provides producers with a competitive, high‐quality, conventional cultivar.
Prominent Decrease of Superior Midperipheral Endothelial Cell Density After Iris-fixated Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Kim Jae Hoon , Choi Bong Joon , Roh Hyunseok , Kim Eung Kweon , Kim Tae-im
Published: August 2011

PURPOSE:

To evaluate changes in endothelial cell density (ECD) in the corneal region after implantation of an iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (PIOL).

METHODS:

Forty-five eyes of 25 myopic patients implanted with Artisan iris-fixated PIOLs (Ophtec BV) and 30 eyes of 15 myopic controls were enrolled. Corneal ECD and the distance between endothelium and the PIOL optic were evaluated in five different regions (central, nasal, superior, temporal, and inferior) using noncontact specular microscopy and rotating Scheimpflug imaging.

RESULTS:

In PIOL-implanted patients, significant differences between the ECD in the superior region, compared with the lowest ECD in any region, and the ECD of the central region, compared with that of the region with highest ECD, were evident. When PIOL-implanted eyes were divided based on time since operation, a significant difference was observed only in patients for whom at least 48 postoperative months had elapsed. In untreated myopic controls, the greatest ECD was observed at the superior cornea. The distance between the central corneal endothelium and PIOL was significantly longer than that of the peripheral locations.

CONCLUSIONS:

The extent of ECD decrease was not consistent throughout the cornea after implantation of an iris-fixated PIOL. Therefore, ECD measurement not only at the corneal center but also at midperipheral corneal locations, especially in the superior cornea, may be important in patients with irisfixated PIOLs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed, One‐Pot , Three‐Component Approach to α‐Alkynyl Indoles from o‐Bromo‐(2,2‐dibromovinyl)benzenes, Terminal Alkynes and Arylamines.
Authors: Liang Yun , Meng Tianhao , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: August 2011

A variety of alkynyl indoles is obtained from polyhalo compounds (I) and (VIII), arylamines (II) and (V), and alkynes (III) and (VI).
Leukoflow: Multiparameter extended white blood cell differentiation for routine analysis by flow cytometry
Authors: van de Geijn Gert‐Jan , van Rees Vincent , van Pul‐Bom Natasja , Birnie Erwin , Janssen Hans , Pegels Hans , Beunis Marlène , Njo Tjin
Published: July 2011

Differential white blood cell count (dWBC) is a frequently used diagnostic tool. For most patient samples an automated blood counter produces a five‐part differential count. If this dWBC does not meet pre‐set criteria, microscopic dWBC is performed. Microscopy is labor intensive and requires sustained training of technicians. Inter‐observer variation and statistical variation are significant, due to limited numbers of cells counted. Flow cytometry is a candidate reference method for dWBC. Advantages are immunological definitions and large number of measured cells. Our goal was to replace (part of) the microscopic dWBC by a flow cytometric dWBC, that gives additional information on blasts, myeloid precursors, and lymphocyte subsets. We designed a cocktail of antibodies (CD4, CD14, CD34, CD16, CD56, CD19, CD45, CD138, CD3, and CD71) combined with a gating strategy and flow cytometric protocol for easy identification of leukocyte populations. This assay, called Leukoflow, requires low sample volume, has few manual handling steps, and a potential turn‐around‐time shorter than 2 h. We determine percentages and absolute concentrations of at least 13 different cell populations. For quantification of normoblasts a second flow cytometric staining was designed. We compared microscopic dWBC with that of the automated blood counter and Leukoflow for normal and abnormal blood samples. Leukoflow results correlate well with the automated blood counter for leukocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Correlation with manual dWBC is lower. Blast counts reported by Leukoflow suffer less from inter‐observer variation compared to manual dWBC. In addition to microscopic or cytometric dWBC‐techniques T‐lymphocytes, CD4‐T‐lymphocytes, B‐lymphocytes, NK‐cells, myeloid progenitors, plasma cells, and blasts are determined by Leukoflow. These populations give potential useful clinical information and are subject for future studies focusing on the additional clinical value. Leukoflow is a highly interesting and promising technique for clinical laboratories. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Relation between volumetric changes of unsaturated polyester resin and surface finish quality of fiberglass/unsaturated polyester composite panels
Authors: Khoun Loleï , Palardy Geneviève , Hubert Pascal
Published: August 2011

Resin dimensional changes, including cure shrinkage and thermal expansion, highly influence the surface finish quality of composite parts. Low profile additives (LPA) are commonly incorporated in unsaturated polyester (UP) resins to compensate for resin shrinkage and obtain a high quality surface finish. In this study, the dimensional change of an UP resin with different LPA contents was characterized. Both resin cure shrinkage and resin thermal expansion were measured. A simple methodology was then developed to estimate the surface finish quality of panels, manufactured by resin transfer molding (RTM), based on the prediction of part thickness variation during the process. Results show good agreement with the experimental investigations. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Selective neurocognitive impairments in adolescents with major depressive disorder
Authors: Han Georges , Klimes‐Dougan Bonnie , Jepsen Susie , Ballard Kristin , Nelson Megan , Houri Alaa , Kumra Sanjiv , Cullen Kathryn
Published: July 2011

This study investigated whether major depression in adolescence is characterized by neurocognitive deficits in attention, affective decision making, and cognitive control of emotion processing. Neuropsychological tests including the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, the Continuous Performance Test–Identical Pairs, the Attention Network Test, the Iowa Gambling Task, the Emotional Go‐NoGo Task, and the Face Go‐NoGo Task were administered to adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (n = 31) and psychiatric diagnosis free controls (n = 30). Findings indicated that compared with controls, depressed adolescents exhibited impaired sustained attention; a gender by group interaction on affective decision making such that depressed males tended to make less advantageous choices on the IGT; and an inverse pattern of correlations between depressive symptom counts and reaction time to affective stimuli, characterizing greater affective reactivity in depressed adolescents. Findings demonstrate that adolescents with MDD display selective neurocognitive impairments on tasks capturing ‘cool’ and ‘hot’ executive functioning.
Falls in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Matsuda Patricia N. , Shumway‐Cook Anne , Bamer Alyssa M. , Johnson Shana L. , Amtmann Dagmar , Kraft George H.
Published: July 2011

Objective

To examine incidence, associated factors, and health care provider (HCP) response to falls in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Design

Cross‐sectional retrospective design.

Setting

Community setting.

Participants

Four hundred seventy‐four persons with MS.

Methods

Mailed survey questionnaire examined incidence, risk factors, and HCP response to falls in persons with MS who were dwelling in the community. Univariate and multiple ordinal regression analysis identified variables associated with single and multiple falls.

Main Outcome Measurements

Falls, causes and perceived reasons for falls, and HCP response.

Results

A total of 265 participants (58.2%) reported one or more falls in the previous 6 months, and 58.5% of falls were medically injurious. Trips/slips while walking accounted for 48% of falls. Factors associated with falls included use of a cane or walker (odds ratio [OR] 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66‐4.14), income <$25,000 (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.13‐3.04), balance problems (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.11‐1.49), and leg weakness (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.09‐1.46). Fifty‐one percent of those who fell (135/265) reported speaking to an HCP about their falls; recommended strategies included safety strategies (53.2%), use of gait assistive devices (42.1%), exercise/balance training (22.2%), and home modifications (16.6%).

Conclusions

Factors associated with falls in persons with MS are similar to those in other populations with neurologic diseases. Despite the high incidence of falls, fewer than 50% of people with MS receive information about prevention of falls from an HCP.
Proceedings From the Ice Hockey Summit on Concussion: A Call to Action
Authors: Smith Aynsley M. , Stuart Michael J. , Greenwald Richard M. , Benson Brian W. , Dodick David W. , Emery Carolyn , Finnoff Jonathan T. , Mihalik Jason P. , Roberts William O. , Sullivan Carol‐Anne , Meeuwisse Willem H.
Published: July 2011

Objective

The objective of this proceeding is to integrate the concussion in sport literature and sport science research on safety in ice hockey to develop an action plan to reduce the risk, incidence, severity, and consequences of concussion in ice hockey.

Methods

A rationale paper outlining a collaborative action plan to address concussions in hockey was posted for review 2 months before the Ice Hockey Summit: Action on Concussion. Focused presentations devoted specifically to concussion in ice hockey were presented during the Summit, and breakout sessions were used to develop strategies to reduce concussion in the sport. This proceedings and a detailed scientific review (a matrix of solutions) were written to disseminate the evidence‐based information and resulting concussion reduction strategies. The manuscripts were reviewed by the authors, advisers, and contributors to ensure that the opinions and recommendations reflect the current level of knowledge on concussion in hockey.

Results

Six components of a potential solution were articulated in the Rationale paper and became the topics for breakout groups that followed the professional, scientific lectures. Topics that formed the core of the action plan were metrics and databases; recognizing, managing, and returning to play; hockey equipment and ice arenas; prevention and education; rules and regulations; and expedient communication of the outcomes. The attendees in breakout sessions identified action items for each section. The most highly ranked action items were brought to a vote in the open assembly by using an Audience Response System. The strategic planning process was conducted to assess the following: Where are we at? Where must we get to? What strategies are necessary to make progress on the prioritized action items?

Conclusions

Three prioritized action items for each component of the solution and the percentage of the votes received are listed in the body of this proceeding.
An Iron Age Mirror from Ruxox, Maulden, Bedfordshire
Authors: Burleigh Gilbert , Megaw Vincent
Published: July 2011

This short note puts on record three fragments of an Iron Age decorated mirror found in 1998 in a field near Ruxox Farm, in the parish of Maulden, Bedfordshire, the fifth such mirror to be recorded from that county. The significance of the find is discussed within the context of the overall archaeology of the Ruxox area and compared to other mirror finds from the region.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF SOME MODULAR FROBENIUS GROUPS
Authors: FAN JUANJUAN , DU NI , ZENG JIWEN
Published: July 2011

Fix a prime number p. Let G be a p-modular Frobenius group with kernel N which is the minimal normal subgroup of G. We give the complete classification of G when N has three, four or five p-regular conjugacy classes. We also determine the structure of G when N has more than five p-regular conjugacy classes.
Effects of pomegranate extracts on cartilage, bone and mesenchymal cells of mouse fetuses
Authors: Monsefi Malihezaman , Parvin Fatemeh , Talaei-Khozani Tahereh
Published: July 2011

Pomegranate is a rich source of polyphenols, which are believed to be responsible for the oestrogenic activities of extracts of this fruit in mice. One of these potential activities is the prevention of bone loss. The objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of pomegranate extract on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in mouse embryosin vivoand limb bud culturesin vitro. A total of fifty pregnant Balb/c mice were given vehicle, pomegranate juice extract (PJE), pomegranate husk extract (PHE) or a mixture of husk and juice extract (PME). Their embryos were stained with alizarin red S and alcian blue, and the length of the femur, tibia and their ossification zones were measured on day 19 of gestation. Bone Ca content in pregnant mice was also measured. Mice treated with PJE showed an increase in bone Ca content. Dietary supplementation with all extracts significantly increased embryo femur length and osteogenesis index. Mesenchymal cells from fetal limb buds were cultured and exposed to 10, 100, 1000 and 10 000 μg/ml of PJE, PHE or PME. The number of viable cells was greater in cultures exposed to the extracts than in control cultures. The number of cartilage nodules and their diameters were greater in extract-treated cell cultures, a finding which reflected increased cell proliferation and differentiation rates. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that pomegranate is able to enhance bone formation.
History of exotic terrestrial mammals in Antarctic regions
Authors: Headland R. K.
Published: August 2011

A concise account of exotic terrestrial mammals known to have been introduced in Antarctica and the 19 peri-Antarctic islands is provided. This includes the entire region currently relevant to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. Of the 24 introduced species 10 are extant at one or more locations in 2011. Some species have had a widespread distribution and others are represented by one, or a few, individuals. The majority arrived as deliberate introductions but that of some was adventitious. Details of their dates of introduction, current status, and indications of environmental effects, are tabulated. Current eradication programmes are noted.
The terms of trade for agricultural and food products, 1951-2000
Authors: Serrano Raúl , Pinilla Vicente
Published: July 2011

This study aims to answer whether empirical records confirm the existence of a secular decline in the terms of trade affecting primary producers (the Singer–Prebisch hypothesis). The paper analyses the evolution of the terms of trade for agricultural and food products in the second half of the 20thcentury. We obtain sixty new real price indices for internationally traded agricultural products. We conclude, from a long-term perspective, that the deterioration in the terms of trade for agricultural and food products was strong and clear in the second half of the last century. In general, less processed products suffered a very heavy fall in their real prices. However, there was no continuous and persistent deterioration in the terms of trade either as a whole or for the great majority of the agricultural and food product groups (with the exception of natural rubber, textile fibres and other raw materials). Rather, this deterioration occurred in stages.
Feedback control framework for car-like robots using the unicycle controllers
Authors: Michałek Maciej , Kozłowski Krzysztof
Published: July 2011

The paper introduces a novel general feedback control framework, which allows applying the motion controllers originally dedicated for the unicycle model to the motion task realization for the car-like kinematics. The concept is formulated for two practically meaningful motorizations: with a front-wheel driven and with a rear-wheel driven. All the three possible steering angle domains for car-like robots—limited and unlimited ones—are treated. Description of the method is complemented by the formal stability analysis of the closed-loop error dynamics. The effectiveness of the method and its limitations have been illustrated by numerous simulations conducted for the three main control tasks, namely, for trajectory tracking, path following, and set-point regulation.
Collision-free navigation of an autonomous unmanned helicopter in unknown urban environments: sliding mode and MPC approaches
Authors: Hoy Michael , Matveev Alexey S. , Garratt Matt , Savkin Andrey V.
Published: July 2011

When employing autonomous helicopters, it is desirable to use navigation approaches, which firmly ensure safety. In this paper, we propose and compare two approaches to navigation through environments containing obstacles. The first uses sliding mode boundary following to maintain a prespecified distance to obstacles, and the second uses a model predictive control approach to plan short horizon trajectories around detected objects, while ensuring that the helicopter is brought to a halt within the sensor visibility radius. The navigation approaches are subjected to analysis for robustness, and simulations are carried out with a realistic helicopter model for verification. Additional real-world experiments were performed with a wheeled robot to demonstrate potential for real-time application.
‘TO MAKE OF LISBON A NEW ROME’: THE REPERTORY OF THE PATRIARCHAL CHURCH IN THE 1720S AND 1730S
Authors: D'ALVARENGA JOÃO PEDRO
Published: July 2011

The elevation of the Portuguese Royal Chapel to the rank of Patriarchal Church in 1716 was part of a larger process of ‘Romanization’ – that is, of assimilation and adaptation of Roman models within Portuguese music and culture. This involved the training of numerous chaplain-singers and young Portuguese composers in Rome, as well as the importation of chant books, ministers, singers and even the maestro di cappella of the Cappella Giulia, Domenico Scarlatti. According to the anonymous ‘Breve rezume de tudo o que se canta en cantochaõ, e canto de orgaõ pellos cantores na santa igreja patriarchal’ (Brief summary of all that is sung in plainchant and polyphony by the singers at the holy Patriarchal Church) – a document written at some point between 1722 and 1724 – the repertory of the Patriarchal Church was a varied mixture of works by thirty-two identified composers, mostly Italian and Portuguese, from a period ranging from the sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century. Some of the repertory for Holy Week is also extant in three large choirbooks prepared by a copyist from the Patriarchal Church in 1735 and 1736 for use in the Ducal Chapel in Vila Viçosa. These include ‘modern’ additions to late sixteenth-century and seventeenth-century pieces and also some curious reworkings, made with the purpose of adjusting older works to newly ‘Romanized’ performance conditions and aesthetic ideals. The sources examined in this article thus show that Portuguese ‘Romanization’, far from being a simple transplantation of ideas and practices from the centre to the periphery, was a dynamic process of acculturation and adaptation rooted in emerging forms of historical consciousness.