bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of oral health educational program on the knowledge and practice of institutionalized orphan children in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Osama Safwat , Ahmed Ahmed Elsayed , Adam Yara Mohamed , ElSayed Menna Mohammed , Hall Mohamed Ashraf , Karawia Inas
Published: November 2024

Aim

This study aimed to measure dental caries and to evaluate the improvement in the knowledge and practice of Orphan Children after implementing an educational program.

Materials and Methods

This study was an intervention pre‐post design that included 80 children, aged 6–12 years. Intervention with an oral health education program was introduced to the orphans. The data was collected at baseline using a questionnaire to collect data about the knowledge, practice, and examination of DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth), dft (decayed, filled deciduous teeth), and OHI‐S (oral hygiene index‐simplified) was done. The knowledge part of the questionnaire was distributed immediately after the intervention. After 6 months, the knowledge, practice, and OHI‐S index were determined, the data were then analyzed using Mann–Whitney A U non‐parametric test, Wilcoxon matched pair signed rank test, and Fridman's 2‐way ANOVA test in SPSS version 25 software.

Results

89% of the children had dental caries, with mean DMFT 2.23 ± 2.1 among males and 3.3 ± 2.3 among females, dft among males was 3.1 ± 2.5 and 3.3 ± 2.1 among females. The mean score of OHI‐S significantly decreased after health education intervention from 4.79 ± 1.4 to 0.62 ± 1.0. Mean scores of total knowledge and practice significantly increased after 6 months from 3.4 ± 1.3 to 7.1 ± 1.1 and 1.3 ± 0.9 to 4.9 ± 0.3, respectively.

Conclusions

The orphans had moderate DMF and dft, fair knowledge about their oral cavity, poor OHI‐S, and practices at baseline. The educational program had succeeded in improving their knowledge and practice.
Old And New Diversities In Schools: Exploring Teachers’ Experiences with Migrant Students In South Tyrol's Rigidly Divided School System
Authors: Landini Irene
Published: November 2024

In the past decade, we witnessed a rise in the study of the relationships between “old” national (autochthonous) minority groups (ethnic, linguistic minorities) and “new” international immigrants within contexts defined as “divided societies” (as defined by Lijphart, 2004). Scholars have investigated the political strategies and the policies which have been put in place by political parties and government elites representing national minority groups, to accommodate this new migrant‐driven diversity. However, the perspective and everyday experiences of micro‐level social actors have been largely under‐investigated. The present article contributes to the academic debate about the relationship between old and new minorities by providing a fresh and bottom‐up perspective through which to explore the complexities of these dynamics. The analysis focuses on the domain of education, looking at how teachers belonging to autochthonous national minorities understand and accommodate “new” forms of diversity and challenges originating from immigration, in an ethnically and linguistically divided society, i.e., the city of Bolzano. The research also highlights some elements that may speak to other linguistically divided contexts beyond the one considered in this article.

The final findings open to new scenarios on the potential power of political narratives and institutional arrangements on the relationships of minority teachers with migrants in linguistically divided societies. Moreover, the article corroborates findings by previous studies on immigrant integration paradigms and existing challenges, about the needs to consider the bottom‐up strategies of the micro‐level local social actors (like teachers), to reach a more comprehensive understanding of migrant integration dynamics, especially at the local level.
Effects of Moderate and Heavy Slow Resistance Training on Achilles and Patellar Tendons and Muscles Aponeuroses in Elderly Men
Authors: Létocart Adrien J. , Couppé Christian , Mabesoone Franck , Charleux Fabrice , Marin Frédéric , Dermigny Quentin , Magnusson S. Peter , Svensson Rene B. , Grosset Jean‐François
Published: November 2024

To investigate the effect of moderate or heavy slow resistance training on structural and mechanical properties of patellar and Achilles tendons in older men, in vivo. Healthy older men (n = 27) undertook a 12‐week resistance training program (3 times/week) of triceps surae and quadriceps muscle‐tendon complexes. Participants were randomly assigned to either a moderate load of 55% 1RM (O55, n = 13, age: 70.0 ± 4.6 years) or a progressively heavier load from 55% up to 80% 1RM (O80, n = 14, age: 69.8 ± 4.4 years). Tendon morphology was investigated using a 1.5 T MRI scanner. Mechanical properties of the free Achilles tendon (AT) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) aponeurosis, patellar tendon (PT), and deep aponeurosis of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle were assessed using ultrasound imaging. Both training programs led to an increase in mean CSA of the PT (O55; +2.7%, O80; +1.7%, p = 0.002) and AT (O55; +2.8%, O80; +2.5%, p < 0.001). Force and stress were increased for all the four regions investigated, while stiffness and Young's modulus assessed at a common force level were only increased for the AT and VL aponeurosis. No interaction between group and time was demonstrated for any of the outcomes. No interaction between time and the four tendon sites was observed for any of the outcomes at common force. A supervised short‐term heavy or moderate slow resistance training of equal volume yielded an increase in tendon size and altered mechanical properties of tendinous tissue.
A network‐analytic perspective on 30 years of personality research
Authors: Sciberas Chris , Miller Ian Dennis , Fournier Marc A.
Published: November 2024

The current research adopted a network‐analytic approach to summarize the changes within the field of personality psychology over a 30‐year span from 1990 to 2019. Bibliographic data from 25,238 articles were used to construct three separate co‐authorship networks respectively representing the patterns of collaboration within each decade of personality research (i.e., 1990–1999, 2000–2009, and 2010–2019). The network properties of each co‐authorship graph suggested that personality researchers have become more interconnected and collaborative with each successive decade. An examination of the semantic content of these articles suggested that the synthesis of clinical and normative trait models, along with the integration of traditional person and situation perspectives, may be driving the increased connectivity and collaboration between researchers. We hope that this novel application of network‐analytic and machine‐learning principles can serve as proof of concept for future efforts to summarize a scientific literature.
Language Production and Prediction in a Parallel Activation Model
Authors: Pickering Martin J. , Strijkers Kristof
Published: November 2024

Standard models of lexical production assume that speakers access representations of meaning, grammar, and different aspects of sound in a roughly sequential manner (whether or not they admit cascading or interactivity). In contrast, we review evidence for a parallel activation model in which these representations are accessed in parallel. According to this account, word learning involves the binding of the meaning, grammar, and sound of a word into a single representation. This representation is then activated as a whole during production, and so all linguistic components are available simultaneously. We then note that language comprehension involves extensive use of prediction and argue that comprehenders use production mechanisms to determine (roughly) what they would say next if they were speaking. So far, theories of prediction‐by‐production have assumed sequential lexical production. We therefore reinterpret such evidence in terms of parallel lexical production.
The Coffee Index: Using Everyday Consumer Goods to Dispel Perceived Inflation
Authors: Streidl Derek
Published: November 2024

Perceived Inflation is a term used in behavioral economics to address the public's hypersensitivity to their local and national economies, often believing the inflation rates are higher than they actually are. Mass pattern thinking like this can be dangerous to markets, resulting in panic both in consumer purchasing and policymaking both. With the political stage being in a state of constant flux and turbulence both domestically and abroad, dispelling perceived inflation should be a prime directive of financial education given to the public and policymakers alike. This study aims to dispel the idea of perceived inflation existing in the particular local market of Cincinnati, Ohio using one of the most frequently traded goods in the United States as an indicator of actual inflation, coffee. From a sample of 50 of Cincinnati’s independently owned coffee establishments, we collected 2020 & 2024 prices for two particular products, the house coffee, and the house cappuccino, and used regression analysis to show a positive effect on the current prices from those in 2020. We also show the annualized rate of inflation for both products being a suitable indicator of actual inflation in the local market, leading to the result that coffee is a good predictor of local market inflation, as it is priced in accordance with actual, rather than perceived inflation.
Fields interpretable in the free group
Authors: Sklinos Rizos
Published: November 2024

We prove that no infinite field is interpretable in the first‐order theory of non‐Abelian free groups. We also obtain a characterization of Abelian groups interpretable in this theory.
Solution to a problem of Erdős on the chromatic index of hypergraphs with bounded codegree
Authors: Kang Dong Yeap , Kelly Tom , Kühn Daniela , Methuku Abhishek , Osthus Deryk
Published: November 2024

In 1977, Erdős asked the following question: for any integers , if are complete graphs such that each has at most vertices and every pair of them shares at most vertices, what is the largest possible chromatic number of the union ? The equivalent dual formulation of this question asks for the largest chromatic index of an ‐vertex hypergraph with maximum degree at most and maximum codegree at most . For the case , Erdős, Faber and Lovász famously conjectured that the answer is , which was recently proved by the authors for all sufficiently large . In this paper, we answer this question of Erdős for in a strong sense, by proving that every ‐vertex hypergraph with maximum degree at most and maximum codegree at most has chromatic index at most for any . Moreover, equality holds if and only if the hypergraph is a ‐fold projective plane of order , where . Thus, for every , this bound is best possible for infinitely many integers . This result also holds for the list chromatic index.
Incretin hormones and obesity
Authors: Alcaino Constanza , Reimann Frank , Gribble Fiona M.
Published: November 2024

The incretin hormones glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) play critical roles in co‐ordinating postprandial metabolism, including modulation of insulin secretion and food intake. They are secreted from enteroendocrine cells in the intestinal epithelium following food ingestion, and act at multiple target sites including pancreatic islets and the brain. With the recent development of agonists targeting GLP‐1 and GIP receptors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, and the ongoing development of new incretin‐based drugs with improved efficacy, there is great interest in understanding the physiology and pharmacology of these hormones.

image
Customer Segmentation and Need Analysis Based on Sentiment Network of Online Reviewers and Graph Embedding
Authors: Shen Mengyuan , Feng Bohan , Cheng Aoxiang , Bi Youyi
Published: November 2024

Customer segmentation divides customers into groups with different characteristics and supports the design of customized products and tailored marketing strategies. Recent studies explore using online reviews as the data source and social network analysis as the fundamental technique for customer segmentation. These studies usually utilize the frequency of mentioned product attributes and/or customers' sentiments from online reviews in the segmentation process. However, few of them investigate the influence of different types of information (e.g., with or without sentiment, order information) on the segmentation performance. In addition, previous studies seldom consider and tackle the challenge of clustering high-dimensional data when online reviews contain customers' rich opinions towards multi-faceted attributes of a product. To fill these gaps, we propose a comprehensive framework for customer segmentation and need analysis based on sentiment network of online reviewers and graph embedding. The frequently mentioned product attributes and customers' sentiments are first extracted from online reviews. Then, a customer can be represented as a vector consisting of his/her sentiment polarities on each product attribute as well as rating and order information. After that, a social network of customers is established by examining the similarity of customer vectors. The network nodes are embedded into low-dimensional vectors, which can be further clustered into different groups, i.e., customer segments, and their respective needs can be analyzed by methods such as Importance–Performance Analysis. Our framework enables the construction and performance comparison of various types of networks, node compositions, and embedding methods. A case study employing the online reviews of a passenger vehicle in China's market is used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed framework. The results indicate that the customer segmentation generated by the sentiment network of online reviewers with Graph Autoencoder (GAE) embeddings performs better than other alternative models that do not utilize vector embeddings, fail to consider the sentiment information, or leverage bipartite network structures. Our framework provides more nuanced insights for designers to improve customers' satisfaction and increase the market competitiveness of their products.
CalDAG-GEFI acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for LRRK2 to regulate LRRK2 function and neurodegeneration
Authors: Liu Qinfang , Huang Bingxu , Guiberson Noah Guy Lewis , Chen Shifan , Zhu Dong , Ma Gang , Ma Xin-Ming , Crittenden Jill R. , Yu Jianzhong , Graybiel Ann M. , Dawson Ted M. , Dawson Valina L. , Xiong Yulan
Published: November 2024

Mutations in
LRRK2
are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). LRRK2 protein contains two enzymatic domains: a GTPase (Roc-COR) and a kinase domain. Disease-causing mutations are found in both domains. Now, studies have focused largely on LRRK2 kinase activity, while attention to its GTPase function is limited. LRRK2 is a guanine nucleotide–binding protein, but the mechanism of direct regulation of its GTPase activity remains unclear and its physiological GEF is not known. Here, we identified CalDAG-GEFI (CDGI) as a physiological GEF for LRRK2. CDGI interacts with LRRK2 and increases its GDP to GTP exchange activity. CDGI modulates LRRK2 cellular functions and LRRK2-induced neurodegeneration in both LRRK2
Drosophila
and mouse models. Together, this study identified the physiological GEF for LRRK2 and provides strong evidence that LRRK2 GTPase is regulated by GAPs and GEFs. The LRRK2 GTPase, GAP, or GEF activities have the potential to serve as therapeutic targets, which is distinct from the direct LRRK2 kinase inhibition.
The human social cognitive network contains multiple regions within the amygdala
Authors: Edmonds Donnisa , Salvo Joseph J. , Anderson Nathan , Lakshman Maya , Yang Qiaohan , Kay Kendrick , Zelano Christina , Braga Rodrigo M.
Published: November 2024

Reasoning about someone’s thoughts and intentions—i.e., forming a “theory of mind”—is a core aspect of social cognition and relies on association areas of the brain that have expanded disproportionately in the human lineage. We recently showed that these association zones comprise parallel distributed networks that, despite occupying adjacent and interdigitated regions, serve dissociable functions. One network is selectively recruited by social cognitive processes. What circuit properties differentiate these parallel networks? Here, we show that social cognitive association areas are intrinsically and selectively connected to anterior regions of the medial temporal lobe that are implicated in emotional learning and social behaviors, including the amygdala at or near the basolateral complex and medial nucleus. The results suggest that social cognitive functions emerge through coordinated activity between internal circuits of the amygdala and a broader distributed association network, and indicate the medial nucleus may play an important role in social cognition in humans.
Bridging activity gaps between batch and flow reactor configurations in the electroreduction of carbon dioxide
Authors: Sun Qiwen , Fu Linke , Chang Xiaoxia , Xu Bingjun
Published: November 2024

To date, the understanding of various modes of CO
2
mass transport remains incomplete, impeding the transfer of catalysts identified in the more accessible electrochemical batch cells to high-performance flow cells. In this work, we demonstrate that the meniscus region formed between the electrode and the convex liquid level due to the electrowetting of the catalyst plays a vital role in the CO
2
RR in batch cells. CO
2
RR in the meniscus region in batch cells exhibits similar performance with that in flow cells, and the performance disparity between these two configurations largely disappears when conducting CO
2
RR primarily in the meniscus region. An assembled double-sided gas diffusion electrode with a gas channel is developed to maximize the meniscus-like region, achieving a CO
2
RR partial current density of 640 mA/cm
2
geo
on commercial Cu in the KHCO
3
electrolyte. This performance represents the highest CO
2
RR activity in neutral buffered media.
Late Archaic large-scale fisheries in the wetlands of the pre-Columbian Maya Lowlands
Authors: Harrison-Buck Eleanor , Krause Samantha M. , Brouwer Burg Marieka , Willis Mark , Perrotti Angelina , Bailey Katie
Published: November 2024

Multiproxy data collected from the largest inland wetland in Belize, Central America, demonstrate the presence of large-scale pre-Columbian fish-trapping facilities built by Late Archaic hunter-gatherer-fishers, which continued to be used by their Maya descendants during Formative times (approximately 2000 BCE to 200 CE). This is the earliest large-scale Archaic fish-trapping facility recorded in ancient Mesoamerica. We suggest that such landscape-scale intensification may have been a response to long-term climate disturbance recorded between 2200 and 1900 BCE. Agricultural intensification after 2000 BCE has been credited for supporting the rise of pre-Columbian civilizations in Formative Mesoamerica, but we suggest that some groups relied more heavily on the mass harvesting of aquatic resources. We argue that such early intensification of aquatic food production offered a high value subsistence strategy that was instrumental in the emergence of Formative period sedentarism and the development of complexity among pre-Columbian civilizations like the Maya.
Four SpsP neurons are an integrating sleep regulation hub in
Drosophila
Authors: Dai Xihuimin , Le Jasmine Quynh , Ma Dingbang , Rosbash Michael
Published: November 2024

Sleep is essential and highly conserved, yet its regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. To identify sleep drive neurons, we imaged
Drosophila
brains with calcium-modulated photoactivatable ratiometric integrator (CaMPARI). The results indicate that the activity of the protocerebral bridge (PB) correlates with sleep drive. We further identified a key three-layer PB circuit, EPG-SpsP-PEcG, in which the four SpsP neurons in the PB respond to ellipsoid body (EB) signals from EPG neurons and send signals back to the EB through PEcG neurons. This circuit is strengthened by sleep deprivation, indicating a plasticity response to sleep drive. SpsP neurons also receive inputs from the sensorimotor brain region, suggesting that they may encode sleep drive by integrating sensorimotor and navigation cues. Together, our experiments show that the four SpsP neurons and their sleep regulatory circuit play an important and dynamic role in sleep regulation.
Genome sequences of five
Klebsiella
bacteriophages that belong to the genus
Jiaodavirus
Authors: Peters Tracey L. , Urick Caitlin D. , Georges Martin , Burke Kevin A. , Kirillina Olga A. , Mzhavia Nino , Musila Lillian , Filippov Andrey A. , Nikolich Mikeljon P.
Published: November 2024

We describe the genomes of five lytic
Klebsiella pneumoniae
myophages, therapeutic candidates, that belong to the family
Straboviridae
and genus
Jiaodavirus
. The genomes ranged from 165,574 to 169,768 bp, with ca. 40% GC content, contained 289–300 coding sequences, had 15–16 tRNA genes, and no terminal repeats.
Volcanic activity driving rapid organic carbon burial during the Ordovician−Silurian transition
Authors: Liang Chao , Xie Haoran , Wu Jing , Cao Yingchang , Han Yu , Liu Keyu , Hao Fang
Published: November 2024

Volcanic activity plays a pivotal role in Earth’s material cycling and serves as a crucial mechanism in regulating atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Throughout the Ordovician−Silurian transition (OST), global volcanic activity was frequent, exerting substantial influences on paleoclimate, paleoceanographic changes, mass extinctions, and the formation of important hydrocarbon source rocks in the early Paleozoic era. Analysis using Y−Nb and Nb/Y−TiO2 diagrams, as well as assessments of bentonite layer count and thickness, reveal that volcanic ash deposited in the Yangtze Block (southern China) primarily originated from the reactivation of the convergent boundary between the Yangtze Block and Cathaysian Block to the southeast. Additionally, a portion derived from the collision of the South China Block with Gondwana and the subduction of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic crust toward the North China Block in the north. Geochemical analyses based on high-precision meter-scale and centimeter- to millimeter-scale sampling, considering Zr content, Hf content, and Zr/Cr ratio, indicate a decreasing trend in volcanic activity intensity from the bottom to the top of the stratigraphic sequence, aligning with the appearance frequency and thickness of bentonite layers. The global sea-level rise and volcanic activity during the OST considerably influenced paleo-environmental changes and sedimentary products, leading to the replacement of Katian carbonate platform deposits by the shales of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation and the transition from biosiliceous shales at the bottom to siliciclastic shales at the top. Proxies for volcanic activity, such as Hg content, demonstrated positive correlations with total organic carbon, Mo content, U/Th ratio, and V/Cr ratio, indicating volcanic control over primary productivity and the reducibility of the water body. Volcanic activity during the OST facilitated the import of substantial nutrients into the Yangtze Sea, promoting biological blooms that consumed dissolved oxygen and increased the reducibility of the water body, thereby affecting organic matter enrichment. The Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Yangtze Block preserved ∼4582.49 Gt of organic carbon, contributing to a global organic carbon burial of at least 16,131.14 Gt during the OST—the most extensive in the early Paleozoic. Volcanic activity during the OST emerged as a potential dominant factor triggering mass extinction and glaciation. The weathering of a substantial volume of silicate rocks during the OST sequestered ∼1.72 × 103 Gt to 2.75 × 103 Gt of CO2, equivalent to depleting 2.39−3.47 times the present-day atmospheric carbon stock. Combined with the enhanced effect of the biological pump due to volcanic activity, the Hirnantian glaciation was initiated, resulting in a mass extinction.
Impact of visual distraction on neonatal mask ventilation: a simulation-based eye-tracking study
Authors: Bibl Katharina , Wagner Michael , Dvorsky Robyn , Haderer Moritz , Giordano Vito , Groepel Peter , Berger Angelika , Whitfill Travis , Kadhim Bashar , Auerbach Marc A , Gross Isabel T
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whether distractions during simulated neonatal resuscitation impact mask leakage and visual gaze patterns during positive pressure ventilation (PPV) of a newborn manikin.

Study design

In this observational, simulation-based study, medical students and paediatric residents managed a neonate requiring resuscitation alongside a standardised team and executed PPV on a leak-free manikin. The scenario incorporated distractions such as chest compressions, preparation and insertion of an umbilical vein catheter, administering fluids and interpreting venous blood gas. Ventilation parameters were monitored using a respiratory function monitor, and participants were equipped with eye-tracking glasses to assess visual gaze patterns. Additionally, they self-assessed their level of distractions and estimated performance. Measures included dwell time, mask leak, minute volume and respiratory rate to determine whether PPV parameters and distractors were associated during times of interest (TOI).

Results

We included 30 participants and observed statistically significant differences in the delivery of PPV parameters between TOIs with distractions compared with TOIs without distractions, as reflected in mask leak (31.0 vs 15.9 %), minute volume (202.0 vs 253.0 mL/kg/min) and respiratory rate (29.0 vs 33.0/min). Results on alterations in gaze behaviour showed a significant gaze shift from the infant’s chest and airway to instruments and other areas of interest when distractions were present. During the venous blood gas interpretation, participants rated their performance worse than during other TOIs. Participants generally overrated their ventilation quality.

Conclusion

This study showed a significant impact of distractions on PPV parameters and visual attention during simulated neonatal resuscitation.
Neuropsychiatric diagnoses after montelukast initiation in paediatric patients with asthma
Authors: Paljarvi Tapio , Forton Julian T , Thompson Courtney , Luciano Sierra , Herttua Kimmo , Fazel Seena
Published: November 2024

Background

The evidence base on montelukast-associated adverse outcomes is inconclusive in children and young persons (CYP) with asthma. We aimed to investigate 1-year incidence of neuropsychiatric diagnoses after initiation of montelukast as an adjunct therapy to inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in CYP aged 3–17 years with asthma.

Methods

This propensity score matched cohort study was conducted using electronic health records between 2015 and 2019 in the TriNetX Analytics Network patient repository in the USA. Neuropsychiatric diagnoses were identified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes. We estimated risk ratios (RRs), absolute risk increase (ARI) and number needed to harm (NNH) with 95% CIs.

Findings

The mean age (SD) at index prescription in the 107 384 CYP with asthma was 8.7 (4.0) years (93 461 (87%) mild to moderate asthma; 62 301 (58%) male; 53 485 (50%) white; 33 107 (31%) black/African American). Montelukast was associated with excess incidence of any neuropsychiatric outcome (71 per 1000 persons with montelukast and 54 per 1000 persons with no montelukast; RR 1.32 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.39); ARI per 100 persons, 1.71 (95% CI 1.44 to 1.98); 1-year NNH, 58 patients (95% CI 51 to 69)). The highest excess risk in the montelukast group was for sleep disorders (RR 1.63 (95% CI 1.50 to 1.77); ARI per 100 persons 1.17 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.33); NNH, 85 patients (95% CI 75 to 100)). Montelukast use was also associated with excess incidence of anxiety disorders (RR 1.16 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.24)) and mood disorders (RR 1.16 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.29)).

Conclusions

In CYP with asthma who were treated with ICSs, adjunct treatment with montelukast was associated with a higher incidence of neuropsychiatric outcomes compared with those who were not exposed to montelukast.
Shear-free collapsing compact star in pseudo-flat 5-D spacetime emitting radiation
Authors: Singh Ksh. Newton , Samanta Bidisha , Maurya S. K. , Rahaman Farook , Singh N. Kamal , Aria Anil K.
Published: November 2024

A shear-free, collapsing compact object, described by an embedding class I solution and emitting radiation, is presented here. Because of the properties of embedding class I, this four-dimensional interior spacetime can be embedded in pseudo-flat five-dimensional space. Starting with an initially static and shear-free gravitating body through the Karmarkar condition, we have explored the time evolution of the system using the time-dependent Einstein field equations. The interior solution is smoothly matched with the Vaidya outgoing solution across a time-like hypersurface which yields the temporal behaviour of the model. Further, a thorough physical analysis of the thermodynamic variables has been presented spatially and temporally. As the time progresses into the future, the surface compactness factor approaches the Buchdahl limit until it crosses this to proceed with the collapse. Before $$2m_\Sigma /r_\Sigma \rightarrow 8/9$$

2

m
Σ

/

r
Σ

→
8
/
9

, the equation of state adjusts itself like a self-immune system to hold the system by increasing $$\Gamma _{rc}$$

Γ

rc

(i.e. increasing stiffness). All the physical quantities, e.g., density, pressure anisotropy, radiation, luminosity, temperature, are non-singular throughout the interior of the star at a finite time slice. As the time progresses, these quantities point towards a future singularity. Throughout the evolution, the surface density and surface pressure always remain lower than their corresponding central values. Similarly, the causal temperature also always remains higher than the non-causal counterpart throughout the interior as well as during the evolution.
Exploring a novel Einstein–Rosen BTZ wormhole
Authors: Anand Ankit , Jusufi Kimet , Latifi Mendrit
Published: November 2024

We introduce a novel Einstein–Rosen BTZ wormhole metric as a solution to the Einstein field equations with a negative cosmological constant and explore in detail its various phenomenological aspects. We show that the wormhole metric is characterized by a horizon at the throat, resembling a black hole horizon. This implies that our wormhole metric describes a one-way traversable wormhole at the throat, with Hawking radiation observed by an observer located at some distance from the wormhole. It is also found the same Hawking temperature using the BTZ-like coordinates and Kruskal-like coordinates. This temperature is invariant not only on the type of coordinates but also the nature of the spin of quantum fields. Importantly, we find that at the wormhole throat, the spacetime is not a pure vacuum solution, but rather contains an exotic string matter source with negative tension, which may stabilize the wormhole geometry. To this end, we found that the size of the wormhole throat is proportional to the number of quantum bits suggesting a possible implications on ER=EPR. Further we studied the particle dynamics and, finally, we tested the ANEC with a test scalar and vector fields. For the double null-component computed in BTZ coordinates, we found an apparent divergence at the wormhole throat, which is then shown to be regularized by means of Kruskal-like coordinates. The ANEC for such a scalar/vector field is violated at the wormhole throat.
PIXE, SEM and RAMAN analysis of pictorial materials from the VIII century crypt of San Salvatore, Brescia (Italy)
Authors: Zucchiatti Alessandro , Roascio Stefano , Donate Carretero Inmaculada , Triolo Paolo Antonino Maria
Published: November 2024

The complex of Santa Giulia of Brescia (Italy) is a great and extensively studied architectural and archaeological site, of which the church of San Salvatore is an emblematic monument. This study, conducted in the crypt of the church, implements what was published from non-destructive particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE) examination of the painting materials with structural and compositional analyses by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. These analyses produced new and decisive data for a correct identification of the pictorial palette. We also added a photographic documentation in a few bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The review of all data and their complementarity has allowed a more sound insight into the pictorial techniques used for the crypt’s decoration. This work integrates the archaeological studies conducted on the crypt and, together with them and in comparison with data from coeval monuments, confirms in the church of San Salvatore the use of products and techniques typical of the Longobard Period.
In Situ Liquid Electron Microscope Cells Strongly Attenuate Electrochemical Behavior
Authors: Wittman Reed M. , Sacci Robert L. , Unocic Raymond R. , Zawodzinski Thomas A.
Published: November 2024

In situ electrochemical Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (ec-S/TEM) probes the dynamics of electrochemical processes in real time and at high spatial resolution. This method utilizes microfabricated electrochemical cells, with enclosed dimensions of 800 μm wide, 800 μm long, and 1–2 μm tall, with electron-transparent silicon nitride windows. Working, counter, and reference electrodes in the configuration studied are deposited Pt with a planar surface area of about 1 μm2 and a height of 50 nm. The cell confines the electrolyte within a 1 μm tall channel, and the microfabricated electrodes have a non-standard geometry, are coplanar, and are not front-facing. As such, standard assumptions of electrochemical experiments do not apply. COMSOL modeling was used to compare and contrast differences in electrochemical behavior between conventional experimental setups and the in situ ec-S/TEM cells. Cell height strongly affected voltammogram measurements: peak magnitudes and shifts correlate directly to cell height. Reactant concentration above the electrode quickly decreases during deposition, leading to a planar diffusion-dominated regime. The concentration gradient prioritizes particle growth along the thin edges of the electrode and not on the planar part of the electrode. Experiments done in the ec-S/TEM ex situ of a TEM verify the model’s accuracy.
Hydrochlorothiazide Improves Cardiac Remodeling in Heart Failure Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress
Authors: Luo Jinghong , Li Juncong , Li Ling , Ye Jizhang , Chen Shudan , Zeng Qingchun
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims: The impact of thiazide diuretics on cardiac remodeling and prognosis in heart failure remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate whether hydrochlorothiazide can improve cardiac function and remodeling by inhibiting oxidative stress.

Methods: The rat model of heart failure was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery, and hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg/kg, ig, Qd) was administered by gavage for 6 weeks. The cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography and hemodynamics. Various methodologies were used to evaluate the effects of hydrochlorothiazide on myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The effects of hydrochlorothiazide were validated in vitro using H9c2 cell cultures. The binding mechanism of hydrochlorothiazide to carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAII) was investigated using molecular docking and dynamics simulations.

Results: The decreases in ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and left ventricular end‐systolic pressure and the increases in left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter, left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure, and B‐type natriuretic peptide in heart failure rats were improved by hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide can reduce the expression of myocardial collagen I. In terms of oxidative stress, hydrochlorothiazide can decrease MDA, p47phox, and p67phox while increasing SOD2, total oxidation capacity, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and IV. Additionally, hydrochlorothiazide can inhibit the p38MAPK/JNK signaling pathway, leading to reduced expression of inflammatory markers (NF‐ĸB p65) and apoptotic markers (Bax, caspase3, and cytochrome C). The possible mechanism involves hydrochlorothiazide inhibiting the expression of sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1), which is an upstream molecule involved in oxidative stress. H9c2 cell culture further confirmed the effects of hydrochlorothiazide on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation results demonstrated that hydrochlorothiazide directly binds to CAII forming an unstable conformation. Gene knockout studies showed that CAII knockout reduces the expression of NHE1, NCX1, p67phox, Bax, and NF‐ĸB p65.

Conclusions: Hydrochlorothiazide can enhance cardiac function and mitigate cardiac fibrosis remodeling in rats with heart failure by reducing the oxidative stress and inhibiting the p38MAPK/JNK signaling pathway, wherein CAII and NHE1 play a crucial role.
Study of Using Ultrasonic Waves in the Producing Dried Dragon Fruit Peel Processes
Authors: Pham Van Thinh , Vu Ngoc Duc , Nguyen Thuong Nhan Phu , Minh Truong Ngoc , Bui Quang Minh , Bui Thanh Tuyen Thi , Phan Ngoc Quyen Thi
Published: November 2024

In this study, ultrasound waves were successfully applied to the osmosis process of dried dragon fruit products. Additionally, this study was aimed at determining the suitable parameters for the process of drying dragon fruit peels. The parameters including the size of slices (2–5 cm), blanching time (10–25 min), ultrasonic time (10–25 min), ultrasonic temperature (45°C–60°C), ultrasonic power (100–250 W), and drying temperature (45°C–60°C) were fully investigated. The parameters including size of slices at 4 cm, blanching time of 20 min at 100°C, ultrasonic time of 15 minutes, ultrasonic temperature of 55°C, ultrasonic power of 100 W, and drying temperature of 55°C displayed the highest vitamin C (22.291 mg acid ascorbic/100 g), total polyphenol content (1096.948 mg GAE/100 g), reducing sugar (40.643 g/L), and total sugar (724.089 g/L). The obtained products were pink, soft, as well as harmonious between sweet and sour taste. This research contributes to diversifying products from dragon fruit in Vietnam.
A Concept Analysis of Change Fatigue Among Nurses Based on Walker and Avant’s Method
Authors: Cao Songmei , Lin Jingxi , Liang Yiqing , Qin Yuan
Published: November 2024

Background: Change is prevalent in nursing environments and often leads to change fatigue among nurses while aiming to improve service quality and efficiency. Change fatigue is a significant stressor affecting nurses’ work and psychology, and it is a crucial factor influencing organizational change. However, the concept of change fatigue among nurses has not yet been clearly defined or analyzed.

Aim: This analysis aims to differentiate, clarify, and clearly identify the specific concept of change fatigue among nurses, which will provide nursing administrators and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the concept of change fatigue among nurses, ultimately facilitating relevant measurements and interventions.

Methods: This study employed Walker and Avant’s concept analysis method.

Results: A total of 29 papers were included in the study. The four defining attributes of change fatigue among nurses were identified as nurses’ exposure to constant change, exhaustion, decreased agency, and passive acceptance of change. Antecedents were categorized into nurses’ personal factors and those related to the organizational environment. The consequences of change fatigue were distinguished between individual‐level and organizational‐level impacts.

Conclusions: This study provides a clearer understanding of the concept of change fatigue among nurses by outlining its antecedents, attributes, and consequences. An operational definition and conceptual understanding of change fatigue will aid future research in developing effective prevention strategies.
Figure S2 from ETx-22, a Novel Nectin-4–Directed Antibody–Drug Conjugate, Demonstrates Safety and Potent Antitumor Activity in Low-Nectin-4–Expressing Tumors
Authors: Lopez Marc , Crompot Emerence , Josselin Emmanuelle , Farina Anne , Rubis Marion , Castellano Remy , Fares Joanna , Wehbe Maria , Collette Yves , Charafe Emmanuelle , Blanchin Stéphanie , Romagne François , Pálfi Anikó , Hechler Torsten , Pahl Andreas , Azim Hatem A. , Lhospice Florence , Mamessier Emilie , Bertucci François , Elands Jack , Préville Xavier , Olive Daniel
Published: November 2024

Supplementary Figure 2 shows IHC analysis of Nectin-4 expression on tumor tissue and human skin keratinocytes using 15A7.5
Effectiveness of Neonatal Resuscitation Training Programs, Implementation, and Scale-Up in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Sihota Davneet , Lee Him Rachel , Dominguez Georgia , Harrison Leila , Vaivada Tyler , Bhutta Zulfiqar Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Introduction: To describe recent evidence regarding the most effective neonatal resuscitation training program and scale-up of these programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which has contributed to the upcoming Lancet Global Newborn Care Series 2025, and forms part of a supplement describing an extensive synthesis on effective newborn interventions in LMICs. Methods: We included relevant studies from Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL and Global Index Medicus databases on the effectiveness and scale-up of Neonatal Resuscitation Training Programs (NRTP), with searches run August 2022. Data extraction and quality assessments were completed independently and in duplicate. Results: A total of 93 unique records met the eligibility criteria and were included in our analyses across the reviews. NRTPs improved most knowledge and skill-based outcomes but impact on mortality varied. Included studies identified knowledge and skill retention, standardized training protocols, and limited training opportunities for health care providers as challenges to current NRTPs. Conclusion: Reported knowledge, skills, and mortality outcomes were similar across NRTPs. The Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) program was found to be cost-effective in Tanzania, suggesting that the HBB program or elements thereof are low-cost and scalable in LMICs. Future research across diverse settings should evaluate the cost-effectiveness of other NRTPs. To scale-up current NRTPs, programs should focus on improving long-term retention outcomes and improving training material accessibility.
A Tradição Gótica em Casa de Niebla (1947) de María Luisa Bombal
Authors: Freitas Gabriela
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo analisa o romance Casa de niebla (1947) da autora chilena María Luisa Bombal, explorando como a obra segue as convenções da literatura gótica, em particular do gótico feminino. O estudo destaca o uso de Bombal de elementos como o sublime, o infamiliar e a casa como locus horriblis para ilustrar o matrimônio infeliz de Helga e Daniel. Como segunda esposa de Daniel, Helga se vê no papel de substituta, o que faz com que ela se sinta solitária e separada de si mesma em seu novo lar, que deveria constituir um lugar seguro, segundo a acepção burguesa. Ao empregar tais características do gótico, a autora não apenas revela as complexidades da relação de Helga com Daniel e consigo mesma, mas também oferece uma crítica ao papel tradicional da mulher na sociedade, utilizando a estética gótica como ferramenta para denunciar as opressões e angústias advindas da instituição matrimonial e dos papéis de gênero, como é típico do gótico feminino.
O Duplo Traduzido: tradução comentada do Conto “Le Chevalier Double”, de Théophile Gautier
Authors: Gessner Bruno Ricardo , Aragão Sabrina Moura
Published: November 2024

Théophile Gautier était un important romancier, nouvelliste, poète et critique d'art dans la France du XIXe siècle. Peu publié et encore moins étudié au Brésil, cet article fait la lumière sur ce grand auteur de la période romantique. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une traduction d'un extrait de sa nouvelle « Le chevalier double », accompagnée de commentaires sur les choix de traduction et les difficultés rencontrées au cours du processus, notamment en ce qui concerne la traduction des références culturelles propres au contexte dans lequel se déroule la nouvelle. Nous présentons également un aperçu du fantastique et de l'insolite fictionnel, à partir de leurs concepts et de leurs fondements théoriques, ainsi que quelques réflexions sur la représentation du mythe du double dans « Le chevalier double ».
Os algodões guardam o abraço
Authors: Munizo Raeltom Santos
Published: November 2024

Conto multi narrado
O horror da dependência e a Literatura Gótica Latino-Americana enquanto crítica social em Saboroso Cadáver de Agustina Bazterrica
Authors: Yonekura Yasmin Pereira
Published: November 2024

This research will investigate the narrative construction of Agustina Bazterrica's Tender is the Flesh. In the book, the reality is one of a dystopian post-pandemic world, which has lead a society to extremes of dehumanization and cruelty, naturalizing canibalism. We will also explore the existence of a contemporary Latin American and Argentinean Gothic as a social critique, which guides us to have an alert comprehension of the world in regard of the possibilities and horrors of human nature, especially in a territorial space deeply marked by the violence of colonization. We will also connect Latin American gothic horror literature to the Underdevelopment Marxist Theory.
Catheter Ablation or Surgical Therapy in Severe Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation Caused by Long‐Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation—Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Ye Qing , Li Yuqi , Zhang Wenbo , Zhao Yichen , Zhao Cheng , Li Zonglin , Li Fei , Yao Yan , Wang Jiangang
Published: November 2024

Background

There is no consensus on the treatment strategy for patients with severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation combined with heart failure (HF), with a lack of comparative studies in patients with long‐standing persistent atrial fibrillation and severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation. We aim to compare mitral valve repair combined with the maze procedure with catheter ablation in patients with severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation due to long‐standing persistent atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results

Patients with severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation and long‐standing persistent atrial fibrillation were included in this retrospective cohort study. Surgical patients underwent mitral valve repair combined with the Cox maze procedure, whereas catheter patients underwent catheter radiofrequency ablation. Mortality, atrial fibrillation recurrence, and HF readmission were assessed using overlap propensity score weighting. Then, between 2018 and 2022, we identified 302 patients: 215 in the surgical group and 87 in the catheter group. There were significant differences in the baseline characteristics between groups. The surgical group had lower rates of atrial fibrillation recurrence (
P
=0.03), HF readmission (
P
=0.03), and mitral regurgitation grade >2 at discharge (
P
<0.01) and follow‐up (
P
<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the 5‐year freedom from death (log‐rank
P
=0.87), atrial fibrillation recurrence (log‐rank
P
=0.36), or HF readmission rates (log‐rank
P
=0.18).

Conclusions

Compared with surgical patients, the catheter group had higher atrial fibrillation recurrence and HF readmission rates; however, the difference was not significant after overlap propensity score weighting. Although the proportion of patients with significant mitral regurgitation at the last follow‐up was higher after catheter ablation, most patients still showed an effective decrease in mitral regurgitation severity.