bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Stacy Jason
Published: January 2022

The conclusion of Spoon River America argues that postmodern portrayals of small towns in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries broadly fell into two categories: the exotic and the surreal. The book concludes with brief analyses of popular media portrayals of small towns in films like Heathers (1988), Fargo (1996), Three Billboards outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017); television series like Twin Peaks (1990), Stranger Things (2016-2019), and Ozark (2017); and the radio program A Prairie Home Companion (1974-2016), all of which display variations of Masters’s character tropes. The book ends with a consideration of why Spoon River Anthology’s popularity continues despite changes in perceptions of the small town as representative of the nation.
Introduction
Authors: Mungons Kevin , Yeo Douglas
Published: January 2022

Homer Rodeheaver’s brand of gospel songs became a commercial music force at the height of World War I, when print music and recorded music was marketed with genre labels like “hillbilly” and “race.” These categories influenced a generation of scholarship that searched for authenticity, a mythical roots music that was untainted by commerce. As a result, early gospel music studies examined folk spirituals and evangelical hymns, culminating in the performance styles of black gospel and southern gospel. Recent studies have expanded these interpretations to also study the influence of technology, the emerging music industry, and the impact of racial segregation. The authors of this Rodeheaver biography use newly discovered sources to understand his role as a trombone-playing revivalist songleader, motivated by his own evangelical religious devotion and passion for community singing.
Gospel Songs and Urban Revivalism
Authors: Mungons Kevin , Yeo Douglas
Published: January 2022

Billy Sunday and Homer Rodeheaver propelled tabernacle revivalism into national prominence, a movement that peaked just before World War I. In addition to leading the communal singing at tabernacle services, Rodeheaver organized revival choirs, produced gospel hymnals, and shaped the course of church music. Though his approach was influenced by vaudeville and emerging popular music, Rodeheaver denied that his gospel songs were influenced by ragtime and jazz. Though sometimes criticized by evangelical gatekeepers, songs like “Brighten the Corner Where You Are” contributed to Rodeheaver’s personal popularity and business success. After discussing Rodeheaver’s celebrity status and his controversial relationships with women, the authors show how he adroitly adjusted his business model as the tabernacle revival era ended.
Jim Crow Revivalism Meets the Klan
Authors: Mungons Kevin , Yeo Douglas
Published: January 2022

Racial segregation and Jim Crow affected nearly every aspect of American life in the 1920s, including revivalism. When southern audiences demanded segregated tabernacle meetings, Billy Sunday and Homer Rodeheaver tried to ameliorate the situation by meeting with black ministers and organizing choirs from black churches. But despite Sunday and Rodeheaver’s fame for preaching against every form of sin, they were noticeably silent on racism. Their policy of welcoming every group to the tabernacle sometimes included delegations from the Ku Klux Klan, who gave Sunday donations that he never refused. Despite Rodeheaver’s genuinely harmonious relationships with African Americans and his lifelong promotion of the spirituals, his far-flung business interests created awkward contradictions. His Chicago studio made custom recordings for the Klan, including a parody of Rodeheaver’s “The Old Rugged Cross” with KKK lyrics, “The Bright Fiery Cross.”
Introduction
Authors: Alridge Derrick P. , Bynum Cornelius L. , Stewart James B.
Published: January 2022

This volume sets out to delineate a distinctive Black intellectual tradition rooted in the understandings and experiences of people of African descent living in the United States and their perspectives on race, systematic racism, and the world. Following the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling wherein the US Supreme Court gave constitutional sanction to racial segregation, Black people acted with particular diligence to fashion new theories of race, identity, and culture that served to validate Black humanity. The result was a comprehensive system of thought specifically designed to challenge Jim Crow, lynching, disfranchisement, discrimination, and other forms of racial oppression that were now facts of law, not just facts of Black life. The essays collected here concentrate on the ideas that Black artists and intellectuals, performers and protest activists, institutions and organizations, and educators and religious leaders developed to fight against the persistent waves of racial oppression sweeping over generations of Black people in the United States. Indeed, these ideas animate the long struggle of Black people for equal justice....
“A Certain Bond be Tween the Colored Peoples”
Authors: Blain Keisha N.
Published: January 2022

Black internationalism, a global racial consciousness and commitment to universal emancipation, has been a fundamental aspect of the Black intellectual tradition since the era of the American Revolution. For centuries, Black men and women have articulated Black internationalism through various mediums, including journalism and overseas travel. Drawing on various primary sources—archival material, historical newspapers, and government records—this chapter highlights Black men’s and women’s internationalist ideas, emphasizing their engagement with Japan during the early twentieth century. Amid the sociopolitical upheavals of the period, Black Americans from all walks of life participated in internationalist movements and deployed internationalist rhetoric to underscore the shared strategies of resistance and the political exchanges and historical connections between people of African descent in the United States and other non-Whites globally. Through an array of writings and speeches, Black men and women articulated global visions of freedom and sought to build transnational and transracial alliances with other people of color in order to secure civil and human rights.
Conclusion
Authors: Holden Vanessa M.
Published: January 2022

The conclusion looks at recent events in contemporary Southampton County to illustrate the ways the Black community, including Nat Turner’s descendants, continue the labor of survival. Contemporary racial tension, histories of commemoration and monuments, and recent efforts to make the history of the Southampton Rebellion more publicly accessible all come together in this chapter about historical memory and present-day resistance to racism. The legacy of the generation who survived the rebellion is strong in the present, almost two centuries later. And the geographies of the county, both topographic and human, remain integral to understanding the Southampton Rebellion
Epilogue
Authors: Bell Melanie
Published: January 2022

This epilogue presents an account of working with oral history in a dialogue with young women at the beginning of their careers in the media industries. It shows not only how the present continues to be shaped by legacies of the “past” but also how women are using the past to shape their futures as producers of media. The strength of the connection between past and present was emphasized in women's responses to a questionnaire upon which they underlined key words and used exclamation marks to amplify their message. These and other anecdotes, highly personal and easy to discount as minor infringements on individuals, coalesced to reveal a shared, collective picture of sexist workplace cultures and how they are experienced by young women in the industry today. Nevertheless, women have found, and made, spaces for professionally satisfying work, where varying degrees of occupational autonomy could be exercised.
Introduction
Authors: Bunk Brian D.
Published: January 2022

The introduction uses the example of a football game played in Waukesha, Wisconsin, in 1866 to illustrate the major themes of the book. The 1866 game derived from similar contests played at Princeton University. It examines recent historiography on the history of soccer in the United States.
Colleen Bawns and Bonnie Lassies
Authors: Bunk Brian D.
Published: January 2022

Early attitudes toward women playing football tended to see such games if not as a joke than at least something to be approached with bemused curiosity, often combined with voyeuristic sexism. Despite such views, many of the first female players took up the pastime with a determination to show that they could excel at the sport. Such was the case with the players who competed in the earliest documented women’s soccer games in the United States. Two matches between teams called the Colleen Bawns and Bonnie Lassies took place in San Francisco in December 1893. The chapter contextualizes the matches within the city’s sporting culture and shows how they reflected the broader growth of athletic opportunities for women in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Tennis Amateurs and Tennis Professionals
Authors: Ruth Greg
Published: January 2022

This chapter introduces the conflicts for control of the game of tennis as the theme linking together a three part periodization of the sport. The first spanned from the Welsh origins of lawn tennis in 1873 to the diffusion of the game throughout Europe and the United States. The successes and shortcoming of the touring professionals between 1926 and 1968 marked the second stage of the game. Open competition between professional and amateur players began in 1968, with the increased money in the game the hallmark of this third period in the history of the sport.
The West Coast Game
Authors: Ruth Greg
Published: January 2022

This chapter centers on the westward movement of tennis to the West Coast of the United States. California tennis clubs, in particular the Los Angeles Tennis Club, came to compete with one another and with their East Coast counterparts for control over the limited commercialization of a sport so tied to amateur ideals. Thanks to favorable climate and clever maneuvering, California had risen quickly to produce the most topflight tennis players in the country by the 1920s. The quick ascendance of the Southern California Tennis Association started to erode the sway over the game exercised by East Coast sections in the United States Lawn Tennis Association.
Depression-Era Developments in Amateur and Professional Tennis
Authors: Ruth Greg
Published: January 2022

This chapter looks into tennis players who followed Lenglen’s example by touring in the Great Depression during the 1930s. The Californian Ellsworth Vines was the most talented of these players. The Philadelphian Bill Tilden was the most infamous. The Englishman Fred Perry left both the amateur ranks and Great Britain to move to the United States and tour professionally. The chapter also deals with world historical events related to tennis such as the Californian Don Budge’s Grand Slam and the geopolitical significance of the Davis Cup tie involving Budge, Gene Mako, Baron Gottfried Von Cramm, and Henner Henkel.
The “Kramer Karavan”
Authors: Ruth Greg
Published: January 2022

This chapter offers an extended discussion of how the best tennis players in the world barnstormed across the United States and around the world as a small group of touring professionals in the 1950s. Jack Kramer had retired from playing but promoted the professionals through his World Professional Tennis Incorporated. Kramer secured some television time for his players as well as consolidating his relationship with sporting goods manufacturers such as Wilson. Touring professionals such as Pancho Gonzales, Frank Sedgman, and Pancho Segura, played grueling matches night-after-night on gymnasium floors from coast-to-coast.
“Aristocrats of the Movement”
Authors: Carson Matter
Published: January 2022

In January 1934, during one of the worst years of the Depression for job scarcity, over four hundred laundry workers from the Sunshine and Colonial Laundries in Brooklyn walked off the job. Included among the strikers was African American Dollie Robinson. The employers’ refusal to pay the workers thirty-one cents an hour, the new minimum wage established by New York State’s recently formed Minimum Fair Wage Advisory Committee, precipitated the strike. Supported by elite allies from the WTUL, including Eleanor Roosevelt and Cornelia Bryce Pinchot, the workers, half of whom were Black, stayed out for two months. An analysis of this groundbreaking strike demonstrates the symbiotic relationship between union organizing and legislation and the efficacy of elite support in amplifying the workers’ voices. It also reveals a growing ideological rift between increasingly radicalized workers determined to engage in militant action to enforce their newly won right to organize and their WTUL allies, who continued to promote orderly, respectable behavior to win public sympathy and state support for women’s unionism.
The “Democratic Initiative”
Authors: Carson Matter
Published: January 2022

As the war lifted the country out of the Depression, Charlotte Adelmond and her coworkers fought to maintain and extend the gains they had secured in the first collective agreements. Top ACWA officials established the Education Department, led initially by Bessie Hillman and later by Dollie Robinson, and appointed a cadre of white male garment officials to run the LWJB. Chapter 8 explores how CIO leaders, including ACWA president Sidney Hillman, in alliance with white male laundry unionists, such as financial secretary and former driver Louis Simon, attempted to impose a bureaucratic, business-oriented, and color-blind unionism on the laundry union. It also reveals that in opposition to this vision two factions emerged: a Black activist faction led by Charlotte Adelmond and dubbed the “democratic initiative” by her good friend and ally Dollie Robinson, and a communist faction led by Beatrice Shapiro Lumpkin in Brooklyn Local 328 (in 1937 garment officials divided the LWJB into nine locals organized by trade and locale). Both factions demanded greater local autonomy and union democracy and pressed the predominantly white male leadership to enact the CIO’s public commitments to racial justice. Chapter 8 reveals that the battles that took place in the early war years--battles that resulted in the brief suspension of Adelmond from the union and the permanent ousting of the communists from the LWJB--both animated the union and highlighted the different interests and agendas within the industrial union movement.
“Putting Democracy into Action”
Authors: Carson Matter
Published: January 2022

Inspired by wartime mobilizations against fascism and by the activism of Black trade union and civil rights leaders such as A. Philip Randolph, the leader of the March on Washington Movement, African American laundry workers pursued their own civil rights agenda during the war, demanding racial justice at work, in their union, and in their communities. Chapter 9 demonstrates that the workers’ civil rights unionism found expression in their support for political parties committed to economic empowerment and Black representation, in their determination to challenge the Jim Crow practices of private organizations such as the Red Cross, in their demands for a nondiscrimination clause in the union contracts, and in their attempts to promote Black men into driving positions. Understanding that the advancement of these goals depended on winning leadership positions in the union, Black workers demanded greater representation on the LWJB. With the leaders of the democratic initiative at the helm, the laundry workers’ wartime activism contributed to what historian Jacqueline Dowd Hall describes as the first phase of the modern civil rights movement. For Black laundry workers, the war was a period of both hope and agitation as they pursued their goals through the union, through new political parties, and through their own civil rights organizations.
White Line Fever
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter begins by describing Merle Haggard, who hustled gigs at local clubs after being released from San Quentin State Prison on November 3, 1960. He wrote about hard work (“Working Man Blues”) and couples facing tough times (“If We Make It Through December”). Haggard and Buck Owens then created a repertoire that would prove highly influential for Americana artists. So did Loretta Lynn, who arrived in Nashville in the early 1960s. Musicians quickly learn that the real money in the music business is in songwriting, but country music remained stubbornly far from the coastal mainstream. It was not until Dolly Parton started singing duets with Porter Wagoner that the world would meet the woman who would become one of the most successful songwriters in country music history.
Something in the Air
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores Joni Mitchell's music. After Mitchell played “Both Sides Now” for Neil Young, he offered his coming-of-age tune, “Sugar Mountain,” which inspired her to write “The Circle Game.” She met and married folk singer Chuck Mitchell; they lived in Detroit and played coffeehouses. Tom Rush, a folk singer from Cambridge, Massachusetts, crashed on their couch and left with a song for his next album, Mitchells's “Urge for Going.” Rush titled his album The Circle Game and included a third Mitchell song, “Tin Angel,” alongside original compositions from two other little-known singer-songwriters: James Taylor (“Something in the Way She Moves” and “Sunshine Sunshine”) and Jackson Browne (“Shadow Dream Song”). This new crop of songwriters wrote from personal experience and was as strongly influenced by contemporary music as by traditional folk songs. But to varying degrees Bob Dylan touched them all.
Political Thought and the Intellectual Origins of the American Presidency
Authors: Lowe Ben
Published: January 2022

The complex story of the intellectual origins of the American presidency has yet to be told. Earlier scholarship has assumed that uncomplicated republican motivations drove the founders, but recent research has spotlighted the royalist sympathies at the Constitutional Convention, based on European antecedents and concerns at home about future overreach and corruption, and their possible link to legislative tyranny. The essays in this volume, using largely an approach to texts pioneered by the Cambridge school, which stresses authorial intent, put the debates over the shape of the presidential office within their proper contemporary political and linguistic contexts. The result is a surprising yet valuable roadmap linking current issues facing the presidency to their often unfamiliar origins while spotlighting the limitations of pursuits of originalism when not attentive enough to method.
A Second Look at the Nineteenth-Century Ceramics from Tabbs Purchase and the Tenants Who Used Them
Authors: Miller George L.
Published: January 2022

This chapter revisits conclusions offered from Miller’s 1974 article titled “A Tenant Farmer’s Tableware.” Miller’s research examines the archaeological assemblage from the Tabbs Purchase site (also called the Tolle-Tabbs site), with a particular eye toward late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century tablewares used by the site’s residents. A closer study of the documentary sources affords a fuller view of who lived at the site, which in turn allows for new information to be gained by studying the recovered artifacts. This chapter also updates interpretations based on what has been learned about ceramic manufacture and distribution in the more than 40 years since the original article’s publication. The result demonstrates archaeology’s ability to identify postcolonial consumption patterns through the close study of ceramic tablewares.
Preserving the Cultural Memory of a Place
Authors: Miller Henry M. , Parno Travis G.
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines the history of commemorative efforts designed to celebrate St. Mary’s City’s history as the founding site of Maryland. Following the move of the colony’s capital from St. Mary’s City to what would become Annapolis at the end of the seventeenth century, St. Mary’s City was converted from an urban settlement into an agricultural landscape populated by white farming families and their enslaved African and African American laborers. This transformation preserved the city as an archaeological site, but much of its early history was forgotten as it became buried beneath plowed soils. Beginning from the perspective that all types of commemoration, including archaeological study, are forms of memory work, this chapter traces the use of legislation, monuments, events, and historical archaeological study to resurrect Maryland’s early history and more firmly cement St. Mary’s City in the minds of the general public.
Archaeological Cases: Blood from Stone
Authors: Webster Maud
Published: January 2022

Chapter 2 investigates sociopolitical needs and precedents for history expressed through buildings--archaeological and architectural sites where needs for a documented past can be seen as a driving force behind monuments. Topics covered include the following: the use of tombs to claim land in prehistory: Bronze Age cases from Denmark, Sardinia (Italy) and Greece; a brief history of relevant aspects of the Greek “Dark Age”; a discussion of the significance of the dead body and present-day tombs of “the unknown soldier”; the case of Abraham’s land claim in Genesis; monumentalized land claims in protohistory: the Iron Age case of the Argive Heraion in Greece, and a discussion the theme of fabrication; the proactive re-use of old monuments in ancient and medieval times: the cases of Constantinople and Rome, and a discussion of the nature and meaning of spoliation (and of quotation); present-day “readings” of historic spolia-buildings: the cases of the churches of Ayia Triada/Merbaka and the Little Metropolis in Greece; and a discussion of metaphorical “play-worlds” and their meaning for human existence.
Discussion
Authors: Christie Jessica Joyce
Published: January 2022

Two major findings are analyzed: state-centered cultural landscapes during the Tiwanaku and Inka phases; and the shaping of a popular heritage landscape.
Afro-Latinx Digital Cultures
Authors: Arriaga Eduard
Published: January 2022

The chapter discusses how digital projects and initiatives developed by diverse Afro-Latinx communities in the Americas could showcase the existence of Afro-Latinx digital humanities. Such initiatives go beyond the scope of both the digital humanities and the Black digital humanities, and aim to decolonize knowledge and enable community members to be agents rather than consumers of technological innovations. Afro-Latinx digital practices, the chapter shows, highlight complex issues such as intersectionality, post-humanism, digital materiality and, data activism as a way to showcase their complex and diverse ways to be human.
Between Analog and Digital Activism in Afro-Colombia
Authors: Arriaga Eduard , Villar Andrés
Published: January 2022

This interview with Yancy Castillo and Dora Inés Vivanco describes the uses CNOA makes of digital tools. CNOA emerged from an initial meeting of Afro-Colombian organizations in 2002, and since then has advocated for more than 270 Afrodescendant groups dealing with issues such as women’s and youth’s rights and people displaced by violence. Their activism has been constantly connected to both an alternative digital practice and to an innovative networked communitarianism linking Afro-Colombian populations in both rural and urban areas.
The Notebooks
Authors: Torres JT
Published: January 2022

The Perico and Agramonte interviews that inform the true fiction here primarily include a December 28, 2015, interview between Jill Flanders Crosby, Melba Núñez Isalbe, Roberto Pedroso García, Susan Mathews, and Jesús Alberto Morales Varona (Jesusíto); a May 17, 2017, follow-up interview between Morales Varona, Flanders Crosby, Núñez Isalbe, and Torres; as well as a December 18, 2005, focus group interview in Perico with several musicians and elders, including Hilda Zulueta. The true fiction follows two important elders as they attempt to track down a notebook containing ceremonial songs. Along the way, the elders discuss the role of the sacred in toques/tambors. Ultimately, the story poses the question of whether documented accuracy is as important as in-the-moment revision.
Dzodze
Authors: Crosby Jill Flanders
Published: January 2022

Chapters 10 threads together the shared attributes encountered between Anlo-Ewe and Arará ritual traditions during fieldwork. The chapter begins with an early encounter with Dashi, an important Dzodze, Ghana, priestess, that launched the fieldwork upon which this book is based. It offers a summation of Ewe migration history and Anlo-Ewe ritual traditions. Fieldwork events are then detailed revealing the process of ethnographic discovery, particularly around the deity known as Togbui Anyigbato. The concept of metaculture is advanced as dialogues between Cuba and Ghana became a part of the process of knowledge production during fieldwork.
Photographic Insights
Authors: Jeffery Brian
Published: January 2022

Photographer Brian Jeffery looks at the role of witness when documenting practitioners as part of sacred ceremonies and rituals. Perspectives are also shared on the subjectivity of visual documentation through the photographic lens in addition to Jeffery's experiences with environmental portraiture to appropriately represent individuals in their communities. The chapter concludes with a brief summary of his conceptual development with utilizing his photographic source materials into the original artwork of photographic assemblages included in the numerous Secrets Under the Skin gallery installations.
In listening/in response
Authors: Kim Marianne M.
Published: January 2022

Chapter 16 is a short essay by artist and performer Marianne M. Kim reflecting on her introduction to Flanders Crosby’s expansive research in West Africa and Cuba and her contribution to the Secrets Under the Skin installation through live improvisational performance. Kim’s personal writing addresses the exploration, preparation, and execution of her solo durational performance titled in listening | in response. The essay considers the role of witness and the power of liveness.
Conclusion
Authors: Crosby Jill Flanders , Torres JT
Published: January 2022

The conclusion directly focuses on how the book contributes to the metaculture of Arará formed not only by practitioners but also by scholars. The result is our continued contribution to, in particular, an Arará metaculture that bridges not only the scholarly community but also the communities in Dzodze and Adjodogou. While the narratives in West Africa appear more stable than Perico and Agramonte, there is still the complexity of Anlo-Ewe ritual traditions and the multiple interpretations of the various deities to confront and wrestle into discourse. The conclusion emphasizes how those layers act as discursive retellings of stories from those of enactment in West Africa to those of Arará stories in Cuba. The conclusion brings together the scholarship of Kristina Wirtz and Stephan Palmié to leave the reader with the call to continue responsible contributions to metaculture so that, as scholars and artists, we don’t just take knowledge with us; we also “do something with it.”
Racial Politics in the National Women’s Movement
Authors: Brunson Takkara K.
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines race and the transformation of the women’s movement between the First National Women’s Congress of 1923 and the Third National Women’s Congress of 1939. Elite and white women activists initially excluded Black women of any class background from most of their organizations; they adhered to dominant expectations of racial silence. However, over time these women opened their doors to Black (and) laboring poor women as they sought to build a movement strong enough to achieve suffrage. Subsequently, white female leaders found themselves compelled to acknowledge issues of race discrimination and class discrimination as they expanded their membership. Black and white activists who entered into the women’s movement forged strategic alliances that enabled them to advance causes they deemed important. This political contingent reflected a national, cross-organizational movement that democratized the public sphere. Women of all races helped to build a coalition whose concerns would be formalized during the 1940 Constitutional Assembly.
The Limits of Democratic Citizenship in the New Constitutional Era
Authors: Brunson Takkara K.
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the moderate political approaches of elite Black women from between the ratification of the 1940 Constitution and the 1950s. The Constitution granted full legal equality to all Cuban citizens. Subsequently, many elite women of African descent bridged professional labor with membership in civic associations. While some civic associations provided elite Blacks access to state resources and opportunities to socialize, others allowed a privileged multiracial membership to influence state reforms. By the late 1940s, sexism within Black civic clubs, in particular, led many elite African-descended women to establish independent groups that promoted national progress from their vantage point. They utilized the press to circulate their ideas about structural inequities—particularly the failures of Cuba’s education system. Indeed, schools became a critical site for pursuing social equality. Such strategies enabled elite black women to pursue reforms outside of political parties, as few women of any race held elected positions.
Análise das estruturas de dados verificáveis nas blockchains Ethereum e Neo
Authors: Pasco Carlos David R. , Coelho Igor M.
Published: January 2022

Estruturas de dados tem sido um dos principais objetos de estudo da computação. Alguns cenários de aplicação dessas estruturas possuem requisitos relacionados à segurança e integridade dos dados nelas contidos. Deste modo, no decorrer da história da computação foram propostas estruturas de dados verificáveis, que apresentam características que visam atender a alguns requisitos de segurança como a garantia de imutabilidade e a verificação de um item de dado pertencente a estas estruturas. Este artigo analisa duas estruturas de dados verificáveis, a saber, a Mekle Tree e a Merkle PATRICIA Trie, descrevendo seus conceitos, características e cenários de aplicação no contexto das blockchains Ethereum e Neo.
Explorando a capacidade de microcontroladores para operações de Internet de Valor na Blockchain Neo
Authors: Silva Vanessa F. da , Castro Maria Clicia S. de , Coelho Igor M.
Published: January 2022

Este artigo aborda aspectos de estrutura das transações na Blockchain Neo, pela perspectiva de dispositivos de baixo consumo energético. Com a Internet de Valor, esses dispositivos serão capazes de transferir valores e realizar pagamentos de forma rápida, segura e verificável através de assinaturas digitais e contratos inteligentes na blockchain. Além de criptoativos clássicos, novos tipos de tokens (como tokens não-fungíveis) tem recebido amplo interesse na indústria e também para aplicações cada vez mais complexas na sociedade, exigindo maior capacidade computacional das redes e dos dispositivos envolvidos, bem como requisitos cada vez mais rígidos de privacidade e segurança. Finalmente, experimentamos um protótipo integrado a uma rede experimental local, instalada em uma universidade nacional, para validar a proposta.
Técnicas de Geolocalização em Redes LoRaWAN como Abordagem de Tolerância a Falhas para Dispositivos IoT Baseados em GPS
Authors: Pastório André F. , Camargo Edson T. de
Published: January 2022

A ampla adoção do conceito de Internet das Coisas (IoT) e cidades inteligentes passa por aumentar a confiabilidade e a disponibilidade das suas aplicações perante falhas. Redes de longo alcance e baixo consumo de energia são utilizadas em tais aplicações para fornecer conectividade. Nesse contexto, o rastreamento de objetos é uma importante funcionalidade. Normalmente o GPS é utilizados para tal propósito. No entanto, a falha do GPS pode comprometer a aplicação. Este trabalho implementa uma estratégia de geolocalização híbrida em redes LoRaWAN. A implementação é comparada com uma ferramenta comercial, onde um ambiente com três gateways LoRaWAN foi montado para realizar a avaliação. Os resultados demonstram erros de cerca de 151 e 19 metros no pior e melhor caso, respectivamente.
I Belong to Mr. Green
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2022

Green, though still a slave under Dobyns, began preaching in Flemingsburg, 18 miles distant, in 1853, though he had to be home by dark. In 1855 he started a church in Paris, over 40 miles from Maysville, preaching as well in Bracken and Lewis counties. In 1853 he purchased the freedom of his sister Harriet. In 1855 his Maysville church purchased lot to build on. He began alternating his Sundays between the Paris and Maysville churches. Dobyns allowed him to travel as far as Georgetown and Louisville for his preaching. His freedom to travel may have been due to Dobyns's having retired from his wholesale business. In 1856, he bought his freedom. But the Panic of 1857 ruined Dobyns, and to save Green's wife and children from being sold, a group of white citizens loaned Green $850 to buy them. Dobyns committed suicide in late 1859.
The Interests of My People
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2022

The Civil War had little impact on Green, who continued to travel between Maysville and Paris. In August 1865 he attended a meeting in Louisville of black clergy that set in motion plans for a black institution of higher learning. In the same month, he had not only paid off the $850 but was able to buy the house he had been renting behind the Methodist Church. Slavery was slow to end in Kentucky, and Green had to fight to free his children in 1866. That year, he negotiated for the creation in Paris of Clayville, a neighborhood of black-owned houses. In 1867 he was a delegate to the State Convention of Colored Men held in Lexington reporting on the condition of freed slaves in Mason County. In 1868 and 1876 he campaigned for Republican candidates. In the 1870s he was embroiled in various religious disputes with younger pastors in Paris.
From Decisive Victory to Transition
Authors: Kolenda Christopher D.
Published: January 2022

As the Bush administration drifted from a decisive-victory approach toward transition-and-withdraw, the CPA disbanded, and control was given to the Iraqis. The U.S. aimed to contain the Sunni insurgency so that Iraqi forces could handle it, but decisions surrounding elections and the new constitution further deepened the rift between Sunni and Shia. While the Bush administration kept ignoring the signs, the Sunni insurgency had become sustainable, enjoying local popular and external support.
Conclusion to Part V
Authors: Kolenda Christopher D.
Published: January 2022

Why did this toxic combination arise of an insurgency with tangible support and a host nation government unable to win the battle of legitimacy in contested and insurgent-controlled areas? Existing explanations focus on the lack of Phase IV planning, inadequate troop presence to maintain security, and poor politico-military integration....
Conclusion to Part VII
Authors: Kolenda Christopher D.
Published: January 2022

The picture that emerges of war termination in Iraq is one of sophisticated military efforts and fragmented political activities that were powered by poor strategic empathy and untethered to an integrated strategy. As discussed in Part IV, the Bush administration assumed a decisive victory over Saddam Hussein’s fielded forces would yield lasting success. Obsessed with military details, the US government failed to develop a strategy that brought together and managed the elements of national power to bring about a favorable and durable outcome. When decisive victory failed to materialize, the United States was left scrambling for a way forward. The failure to consider war termination led to a myopic strategy that fixated on the military campaign and ignored the aftermath, and set the stage for the super-empowerment of mostly Shi’a exiles and elites and decisions to launch a de-Ba’athification campaign and disband the Iraqi Army. Aggressive military efforts fed perceptions of Sunni Arab disenfranchisement. The latter fought back, igniting a fierce insurgency. This gap in strategy heightened the risk that the war would turn into a quagmire....
Iraq and Afghanistan Compared
Authors: Kolenda Christopher D.
Published: January 2022

This chapter compares the insights from both case studies to show how the lack of war termination terminology led the U.S. to adopt myopic strategies aimed at decisive victory while ignoring the critical factors for such victory. In both Afghanistan and Iraq, the U.S. military invasion gave way to predatory governments, but the U.S. was slow to revise its strategy. Cognitive biases, bureaucratic silos, and patron-client issues led the U.S. to stick with strategies and ignore adverse signs. When the U.S. wanted to withdraw from those countries, bargaining asymmetries left them in a weak position, forcing them to withdraw without having achieved a durable and favorable outcome. By comparing those two cases, the chapter highlights the systemic nature of these problems.
Valley Girl
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

This chapter covers Jane Russell’s childhood through the age of fifteen. Items discussed include the birth of Jane’s four younger brothers and how they helped shape her personality, Jane’s early exposure to the arts, primarily through music lessons the school drama club, along with her early precociousness and childhood as a self-professed tomboy. Also discussed is the family home "La Posada" which would be an anchor for much of Jane’s life, along with her time spent with her aunt and cousins in Fontana.
Mean … Moody … Magnificent
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

This chapter details the excruciatingly long roll out of The Outlaw into movie theaters, including the 1943 premiere in San Francisco and the gradual rollout between 1946-1950. Also detailed is Jane’s reaction to the publicity campaign around the release, along with the Production Code Administration’s objections to the film and the publicity. Finally, the film itself and audience reaction is analyzed.
A Woman of Faith
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

This chapter looks at Jane’s deep spiritual beliefs which she had been raised on and carried into adulthood. The construction of a Chapel on Geraldine Jacobi’s property is also discussed along with various religious projects Jane’s brothers were involved in. Also explored is how the deliberately crafted screen image devised by Howard Hughes contradicted Jane’s real life personality.
Lyricism and Metaphor in A Parchment of Leaves
Authors: Manning Maurice
Published: January 2022

This concluding chapter for the volume focuses on the richly poetic lyricism of House’s writing. To make his points, the award-winning poet Maurice Manning gives a close reading of A Parchment of Leaves. Manning uses key scenes from the novel to illustrate the poetic proclivities of Silas House’s writing style, and in the process Manning reveals an expressive style that is profoundly Romantic in its sensibilities and lyricism.
Commander
Authors: Asher Brad
Published: January 2022

Burbridge officially received his appointment as military commander of the district of Kentucky in March 1865. Burbridge faced two different but interlinked military challenges: sporadic cavalry raids into the state by Confederate forces and ongoing guerrilla attacks on Unionist sympathizers and property. He managed the troop deployments to try and counter these threats in the face of limited manpower and the brewing distrust among Kentuckians. He also led the expedition that defeated John Hunt Morgan at Cynthiana in June 1864, but he also obsessed over a potential invasion of the state, leading three forays of negligible military value into southwestern Virginia.
Doctrine, the Tentative Manual, and FTP 167
Authors: Mitchener Donald K.
Published: January 2022

This chapter is an examination of the concept of "doctrine" in a naval context and a detailed description of the naval gunfire support doctrine presented in the Tentative Landing Operations Manual, 1935, Fleet Training Publication (FTP) 167, and the various changes made to the latter document through 1943.
Weaving
Authors: Dietrich Wielenga Karuna
Published: January 2022

This chapter documents the diverse ways in which weaving was organised in the beginning of the nineteenth century, ranging from weaving directly for the customer to weaving organised by merchants for faraway markets. It then goes on to document and analyse the changes in these structures and the emergence of new labour regimes and how these affected different kinds of weavers.
Collecting and the Contemporary Antiquarian: Documenting the Present in Fin-de-Siècle Paris
Authors: Stammers Tom
Published: January 2022

Around 1900, Paris saw the advent of a new art of collecting that re-evaluated the contemporary detritus of everyday life. Eduard Fuchs was hungry for the unusual and the uncanonic. He sought to privilege an art that could reveal the rich complexity of society. A ‘petite histoire’ implied the overturning of traditional hierarchies of artistic or historical value, and the recovering of the varied life of the present. A vogue emerged among a new community of art-lovers to treasure the transient and everyday things that were in danger of being swept away in the constant hussle of modern urban life. The Société historique, archéologique et artistique de Vieux Papier, founded in 1900, epitomised this trend, prizing the print culture of the everyday. Amateur societies grew up that celebrated the mass production of imagery and explored changes in social awareness of the artefacts of modern life, in the bombardment of the senses that ensued when, for example in 1889, more than 600,000 posters covered Paris. The material culture of the passing moment was now being recognised as characteristic of the modern experience, and fragile though they were, those ephemeral traces of quotidian culture had begun to find their curators and their historians.
Embodied Time: Synchronising ‘Somatic Time’ in Modern Dance and Psychodrama, 1900– 30
Authors: Fryxell Allegra
Published: January 2022

This chapter analyses artistic movements in Europe that sought to make the present more human by giving it greater ‘thickness’. ‘Somatic time’ is the time in which the individual thinks, perceives and feels time in the ‘now’. For dance teachers Rudolf von Laban and Eugène Dalcroze, and for the innovative ‘pyschodrama’ movement led by Jakob Levy Moreno, an individual’s sense of time could be embodied, giving flesh and blood to concepts of time that were otherwise abstracted into the mechanics of measuring time in clocks and calendars. The movement drew on new discoveries about biological rhythms advanced in Berlin and Vienna by Wilhelm Fliess and Hermann Swoboda respectively. The search for human rhythm ranged further, embracing new movements in poetry and cinema as well. Taken to its logical conclusion in the work of Rudolf von Laban, the uncovering of internal rhythms helped individuals leave behind the over abstract and over simple metres of the stopwatch. Dalcroze in turn influenced composers and philosophers alike, his ‘eurhythmics’ destined to give modern Europeans an opportunity to understand time through the physics of bodily movement. In Moreno’s psychotherapy, patients were encouraged to develop dramatic improvisation to live out their mental experiences. The inhabiting or enriching of the ‘moment’ was key to understanding human mental states. The modern present was thus given its own ‘presence’ within the European discourse of time; and the lived present drew attention back to the humanness of time in a disordered world.
Dates and Days: The Printemps Agenda, Temporality and Gender in the First World War
Authors: Wilson Sonia
Published: January 2022

This chapter presents a close reading of a stunning document from the home front in the First World War: the daily journal of a teenage girl in Paris. Through the temporal shifts reflected in Germaine’s writing, we perceive cracks in the protocols of gender and class that related to her earlier life. Increasingly, she entered the diary as a performer in her own right. Banal shopping trips now became excursions that had a purpose in the day-to-day existence of her family, in particular the waiting for news from family members enlisted in the army. As she tracked the movements of her brother, she also commented on the action of producing that chronology, expressing her emotional connection to her family through the material creation of the account of their wellbeing and whereabouts. Through the First World War, the intersection between the organisation of each day as it came, the management of the emotional relations of the family, and the articulation of an ordinary young woman’s personal life mapped against the symbols of national memory, represented a real shift in diary-writing, driven by the way war impacted on the reflections about time and family of those who remained at home.
Eschatological Presentism in Protestant German Theology of the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Hölscher Lucian
Published: January 2022

This chapter’s exploration of preaching in Protestant Germany considers concepts of redemption through the period of the First World War, locating these within Christian intellectual culture over a wider frame. While the sense of a present charged with redemptive potential is a long held feature of Christian temporality (if sometimes poorly understood), it was in the conceptual framework of historical time as developed in 18th and 19th century thought that Protestant pastoral theology found a new way of articulating this sense of the divine present. In the mid- to late-19th century, pastors of the pietist tradition felt the nearness of the Second Coming and foresaw its signs in many of the political upheavals of their day. Ultimately the time of God and the time of man were increasingly seen as separate, but this meant that by the turn of the 20th century, the sense of an imminent end to the world was receding: many saw the Last Day as a distant event. The First World War, however, shook up the concerns of the faithful with the passing of time. The search for redemption was firmly relocated in a call to repentance in the present, through which God would successfully intervene. Karl Barth in particular moved away from the idea that human progress could intertwine itself with God’s redemption. Redemption came in a present moment of decision. In so far as God represented ‘the real’, to the community of believers in Protestant Germany, the present became more and more important, as the claim of the modernist vision of progress to redeem the world seemed less and less persuasive.
MENINA TEM QUE SE TRANSFORMAR EM MENINO PARA JOGAR FUTEBOL?
Authors: Baptista Tadeu João Ribeiro , Otesbelgue Renata Cetano
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho pretende compreender se há necessidade de masculinização da jogadora de Futebol. Para isto, o estudo esboça algumas lutas femininas para o ingresso no Futebol, salientando o gênero e a construção da sexualidade das jogadoras. Este estudo de caráter qualitativo e descritivo foi realizado com jogadoras de futebol de duas equipes amadoras adultas da cidade de Goiânia. Mediante os dados apresentados “finaliza-se o jogo e fecha-se a súmula”, deixando expectativas de que o preconceito, contra as mulheres que jogam Futebol seja repensado, mediante a apresentação do que é ser mulher e de todo processo vivenciado por elas, entendendo que na fala das jogadoras existem controvérsias sobre a necessidade de masculinização para que elas sejam reconhecidas no futebol.