bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Some Microbial and chemical Properties of Different Cheeses
Authors: HARMANKAYA Sezen , HARMANKAYA Ahmet
Published: September 2020

In this research article, microbiological and chemical analyses were performed on samples of kashar, chechil, Lor and white cheeses produced in the region of Kars. The samples were microbiologically evaluated in means of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, coliform group bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococci and Micrococci, yeast/ mold, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Chemical analyses of the cheese samples were carried out using a pH meter and recorded. The acidity and salt content of the samples were determined by titration, the fat content using the Gerber method and the moisture content by the gravimetric method. The physico-chemical analyses were completed and investigated for compliance with Turkish standards.

Of the examined white cheese samples, 8% contained L. monocytogenes, while 48% in terms of salt content and 28% in terms of moisture content did not meet Turkish standards. Of the Lor cheese samples, 4% contained L. monocytogenes, while 20% in terms of salt content and 28% in terms of moisture content did not meet Turkish standards. Of the kashar cheese samples, 28% in terms of salt content and 40% in terms of moisture content did not meet Turkish standards. Of the chechil cheese samples, 60% in terms of salt content and 40% in terms of moisture content did not meet Turkish standards. According to the results obtained, many of the cheese samples might pose a microbiological risk and moreover, were not in compliance with the related standars.
Kentsel Katı Atıklar ve Geri Kazanımlarının Faydaları; Eskişehir Örneği
Authors: DURMAZ BEKMEZCİ Hülya , ÇETİN Halil
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada Eskişehir Büyükşehir Belediyesi ve bağlı belediyelerdeki evsel katı atıkların miktarları, yönetimi ve geri dönüşüm uygulamalarına ait, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu ve Belediyelerden elde edilen, veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Eskişehir’de 15 belediyede nüfusun %99,2’sine atık toplama hizmeti verilmektedir. Günlük atık miktarı yaklaşık 800 ton olup, yıllık belediyeye getirisinin 2,5 milyon TL olduğu bildirilmiştir. Eskişehir’de 19 adet geri dönüşüm tesisi, 14 adet toplama ayırma tesisi ve 12 adet toplama ayırma ve geri dönüşüm tesisi bulunmaktadır. 2018 yılında işletmeye alınan tesisin, evsel atıklardan fermentasyon teknolojisi ile elektrik enerjisi üretmek üzere her biri 1.4 MW elektrik enerjisi üreten 8 dizel motorun metan gazını yakarak sağladığı enerji ile 55.000 konuta elektrik sağlanması planlanmaktadır. 10 yıllık işletim süresinin sonunda tüm yatırım belediyeye aktarılacaktır. Bu tesis ile belediyenin atıkların yönetimi harcayacağı maliyet ortadan kalkarken, alınacak kira ile ciddi ekonomik kaynak oluşturulacaktır. Atıkların kaynağında ayrı toplanması atık yönetiminde ve geri dönüşüm sektöründe verimi etkilemektedir. Toplum olarak bu konuda farkındalığımız düşüktür. Belediye yetkilileri en büyük sorunun atıkların ayrı toplanamaması olduğunu bildirmişlerdir. Eskişehir Büyükşehir Belediyesi bu konuda farkındalığı artırmak üzere çok sayıda eğitim ve bilgilendirme kampanyaları yürütmektedir. Bu çalışmaların başarıya ulaşabilmesi ve kalıcı davranış oluşturabilmesi için çok yönlü ve sürekli devam ettirilmesi gerekmektedir.
А. Mars. Przypadek porodu u osoby cieapiacej na wade serca. (Przeglad lekarski, 1893, № 11). A case of childbirth in cardiac patient
Authors: Kaplyanskiy V.
Published: September 2020

N. N. 21 years old, primary pregnant, suffers from bicuspid valve insufficiency. Starting from the 3rd month of pregnancy, the seizures from the heart, namely shortness of breath and palpitations, became more and more formidable. With the course of pregnancy, the patient's condition, in spite of all the therapeutic conditions, worsened more and more; the slightest movement of the patient caused her painful shortness of breath and palpitations.
Dr. Mikolaj Warman. Przyczynek do leczenia poronien, osnuty natle 250 wypadkow. (Gazeta lekarska, 1894, no. 3). To the doctrine of the treatment of miscarriages
Authors: Polonsky B.
Published: September 2020

The difference of opinion regarding the treatment of miscarriages was the reason for the author to write this article. In science, two currents meet: Brennecke, Heinvicius, Dhrssen, Kleinmacher, Fehling and others. see in the prolonged delay of the fetal egg in the uterine cavity during a miscarriage, not to mention bleeding, a clear danger not only for health (insufficient reverse development), but also for the patient's life, which is why active surgical intervention is recommended. Schroeder, Winckel, Olshausen, Kazan, on the basis of pathological and clinical data, assert completely opposite and believe in full recovery from spontaneous miscarriage, which is why they are limited to expectant treatment.
Current status of the issue of radical treatment of uterine fibroids
Authors: Ott D. O.
Published: September 2020

The President's Hand, Prof. D.O. Ott, pronounced at the meeting of the Society on February 24, 1894.Mm. Yy! Before proceeding to the presentation of my question, I consider it a pleasant duty for me to bring you, dear comrades, gratitude for the high honor that you have bestowed upon me by electing the Presidents of our Society. It is especially pleasant for me to note that your choice, as indicated by a large majority of electoral votes, is not a matter of chance, but is undoubtedly a strictly deliberate decision.
Hermann Löhlein. Zur Frage von der Entstehung der puerperalen Osteomalakie. (Centralblatt für Gynäkologie, No. 1, 1894). On the question of the origin of osteomalacia
Authors: Stroganov V.
Published: September 2020

In view of Kehrers statement about the parasitic origin of osteomalacia, which met with sympathy from some gynecologists, the author, in one case of this disease presented to him, made a bacteriological study and received a negative result of the extracted bone.
P. Zweifel. Eine neue Vereinfachung der Stumpfbehandlung bei der Myomektomie. (Centralbl. F. Gynäk., 1894, No. 14, p. 321). New simplification of the way to care for the leg with myomectomy
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

After the usual ligation of broad ligaments from the anterior surface of the tumor, resp. of the uterus, the peritoneal flap is separated, based on the bottom, correspondingly the thickness of the cervix, and at the base of the flap through the thickness of the cervix, catgut ligatures are carried out sagitally and frontally, when tightening which the neck lasts for 3-4 tied areas.
Burckhardt. Ueher den Einfluss der Scheidenbakterien auf den Verlauf des Wochenbettes. (Arch. F. Gyn., Bd. XLV, Hft. 1). About the influence of vaginal bacteria during the maternity period
Authors: Khazan A.
Published: September 2020

Based on the study of vaginal secretions in 150 pregnant women, the author confirmed the data published by Dderlein in his monograph: "The secret of the vagina and its significance for maternity fever."
Dr. J. C. Edgar. Prolonged, non obstructed Labor in the first stage; its Management. - (New-Iork medic. Journal, 12 / v 94, p. 582-585). - Carrying out a prolonged first period of labor without mechanical obstacles
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: September 2020

Prolonged first period of labor (uterine opening) is a very unpleasant complication of them, often accompanied by severe consequences; therapy of the named evasion during childbirth is one of the most serious tasks of the obstetrician.
Mertens. Beiträge zur normalen und pathalogischen Anatomie der menschlichen Placenta. (Zeitsch. F. Geb. und Gyn., XXX Bd., Hft. 1 and XXXI Bd., Hft. 1). About normal and pathological anatomy of the human placenta
Authors: Khazan S. Y.
Published: September 2020

After detailed literary studies on comparative anatomy and based on the preparation of a very young human egg, the author resolves the controversial issue of the nature and origin of the cover of chiral villi in the following way. In humans, as in other animals, the cover of chorial villi of the dancer consists of two layers, one cellular layer originating from the embryo (ectoderm) and the other protoplasmic, which is a modified uterine epithelium (syncytium). Already at the beginning of the insertion of the egg, both of these layers are so tightly interconnected that they form, as it were, one tissue layer, on which it is not difficult, however, to distinguish its initial constituent elements.
Effect of training program given to the students upon family planning attitudes: a semi-experimental study
Authors: ERENOĞLU Rabiye , GÜMÜŞ ŞEKERCİ Yasemin
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Family planning is an effective strategy to minimize maternal mortality, child death, miscarriages and unintended pregnancies. Nursing students, the future’s health personnel, should have sufficient knowledge and a positive attitude towards family planning services. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of training program given to the nursing students upon family planning attitudes.Materials and Methods: The study, with a control group and semi-experimental design, was done at a university located in southern Turkiye. The sample of the study was consisted of 100 students, 50 students assigned to the experimental group and another 50 students to the control group. The experimental group students received weekly a two-hour family planning training for 10 weeks (except for the 1st and 10th weeks). The control group received no training. “Information Request Form” -which included students’ socio-demographic aspects- and “Family Planning Attitude Scale” was administered to the participants in the experimental and control groups in the 1st week and last week- were used. Results: Following the family planning training, the experimental group students’ family planning attitude scores went up and this rise was found to statistically be significant. In the study, it was concluded that training intervention affected students’ family planning attitudes positively. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for behavior change interventions so that a positive attitude change towards family planning can be achieved among students.
Молодое поколение российской политической элиты: статусно-ролевые и личностные характеристики
Authors: Палитай Иван
Published: September 2020

В статье представлены результаты политико-психологического анализа молодого поколения российской политической элиты. Методический комплекс эмпирического исследования включал структурированное интервью, психобиографический метод, контент-анализ текстов, ивент-анализ. С помощью данного инструментария были собраны и обработаны биографические сведения о 279 молодых политиках разного уровня, а их личностные особенности проанализированы в контексте профессиональной деятельности. Анализ биографических сведений стал основанием типологии молодых политиков по параметрам их карьерной траектории и жизненного опыта. Результаты анализа показали, что чаще всего новые представители элиты рекрутируются либо по партийной линии, либо по линии профессиональной деятельности, благодаря которой они становятся заметными. Исключение составляют молодые высокопоставленные сотрудники министерств, продвигающиеся внутри чиновничьей иерархии. Этим молодое поколение политиков отличается от старшего, в котором превалирует рекрутирование во власть через бизнес и через государственную службу. В рамках исследования также был проведен анализ личностных особенностей молодых политиков, который строился на выявлении мотивационного профиля, типа Я-концепции, стиля межличностных отношений и стиля политического поведения. В статье обобщены результаты психологического портретирования по указанным параметрам. В заключении автор приводит выводы о состоянии молодого поколения политиков, дает оценку их личностного потенциала и профессиональных возможностей в современных политических процессах и государственном управлении.
“Рождение гражданина”: политико-психологический анализ гражданственности российских старшеклассников
Authors: Селезнева Антонина , Азарнова Анна
Published: September 2020

В статье представлены результаты политико-психологическог исследования современных российских старшеклассников, ориентированного на выявление совокупности свойств, определяющих особенности их гражданственности. Теоретическую основу исследования составил политико-психологический подход, в рамках которого гражданственность определяется совокупностью когнитивных, ценностно-мотивационных, эмоциональных и поведенческих компонентов личности и выражается в ее взаимоотношении с государством и обществом. Сбор, обработка и анализ эмпирических данных проводились с помощью комплекса количественных и качественных методов, включавшего в себя формализованные интервью, проективные методы (неоконченные предложения, психологический рисунок), экспертный опрос. На основе анализа эмпирических данных были выявлены структурно-содержательные характеристики гражданственности учащихся общеобразовательных организаций в возрасте 15-18 лет. Показано, что молодые люди имеют когнитивно бедные, противоречивые и стереотипные представления о России, ее социальном и политическом устройстве и взаимоотношениях с внешним миром. Они испытывают смешанные чувства в отношении личного будущего (скорее положительные) и будущего страны (скорее отрицательные). У них слабо выражены поведенческие установки на гражданское участие, что обусловлено отсутствием интереса к проявлению социальной активности и неверием в общественную значимость и целесообразность этой деятельности. Образно-символическое пространство гражданственности школьников отличается относительной пустотой, в нем недостаточно общепризнанных примеров образцового гражданина и объектов гордости за страну. Выявлено, что когорта российских старшеклассников неоднородна в ценностно-эмоциональном отношении: налицо размежевания по ориентациям на ценности выживания и ценности самовыражения, а также по эмоциональному отношению к России-стране (позитивное) и России-государству (негативное). Гражданственность российских старшеклассников находится на среднем уровне развития, что обусловлено неэффективной деятельностью институтов и факторов социализации. Проблемы гражданско-патриотического воспитания школьников во многом обусловлены противоречиями всей государственной политики по формированию гражданственности молодежи в современной России.
Назад к субъекту: теории справедливой войны в современной политической мысли
Authors: Бугров Константин , Логинов Алексей
Published: September 2020

В статье сравнивается несколько интеллектуальных парадигм, уделяющих внимание проблеме справедливой войны. В начале статьи мы показываем, что современная юридическая теория допустимости войны (конвенции и Устав ООН) наследует сформировавшуюся в истории политических идей антиномию, сталкивающую суверенитет государств и права человека. Соответственно, в этой нормативной рамке решение об оправдании войны тяготеет либо к защите суверенитета государства, либо к защите прав человека. Например, безусловный приоритет прав человека над суверенитетом утверждает Ю. Хабермас (сводя войну до “полицейской операции”). Мы реконструируем философские основания данной теории (Э. Ваттель, И. Кант) и выдвигаем тезис, что подобная нормативная теория, по существу, вводит в качестве критерия jus ad bellum утрату государством легитимности, интерпретируемой в русле контрактуализма. Далее мы обращаемся к политическому реализму (Г. Моргентау) и критике “кантовско-вильсоновской системы” (К. Шмитт); в частности, рассматриваем аргументы Шмитта о том, что превращение войны в “полицейскую операцию” приводит к демонизации врага, способствует бесконечной эскалации насилия и превращает войну из регулярной в партизанскую. В третьей части статьи мы обращаемся к легитимации тотальной войны в большевистской политической философии и исследуем специфику аргументов В.И. Ленина, которые, с учетом работ Е.Б. Пашуканиса, составляют ядро уникальной концепции справедливой войны, выходящей за рамки описанной нами антиномии “суверенитет – права”. В заключении показано, что, несмотря на ряд различий, популярная в наши дни теория справедливой войны М. Уолцера имеет сходство прежде всего с ленинской теорией, поскольку обе эти интеллектуальные системы сближают, во-первых, признание важности риторических стратегий для проблематизации статуса субъектов, ведущих войну; во-вторых, выявление на базе этих характеристик оправданности войны в каждом конкретном случае, и в-третьих, для эффективного убеждения “обычных людей” (“масс” на языке ленинской теории) в справедливости войны. Таким образом, мы приходим к выводу, что именно пристальным вниманием к субъекту, ведущему войну, и субъекту, потребляющему информацию о ней (“простому человеку”), данные теории отличаются и от “кантовско-вильсоновской системы”, и от строгого легализма, и, наконец, от политического реализма Моргентау и Шмитта, ставящего во главу угла риторику обезличенного государственного интереса.
Революции ХХ века: теоретический и количественный анализ
Authors: Гринин Леонид , Гринин Антон
Published: September 2020

В обширной литературе, посвященной революциям ХХ в., остаются существенные пробелы в разработке теоретических подходов к типологии революций. Явно недостаточно исследований, связанных и с количественным анализом всей совокупности революций ХХ в. Настоящая статья предлагает теоретический и количественный анализ революционного процесса ХХ в. В статье представлена оригинальная типология революций, введено важное понятие “аналог революции”. Авторы анализируют общие черты революций ХХ в. и показывают отличия их от революций прошлых периодов (в частности смещение революционной активности из центра мир-системы к ее периферии). Представлен новый подход к выделению волн революций, который включает следующие критерии: 1) реальную связанность событий в рамках мир-системы общими факторами; 2) количество революций в рамках одной волны (не должно быть меньше 4-5 революций; при этом нельзя говорить о революционной волне, если революции происходят только в рамках одного крупного государства; 3) временной интервал революционных событий (должно проходить не более 10 лет между началом первого и началом последнего события); 4) отсутствие перекрывания волн: в один хронологический период может быть одна волна. На основе этих критериев выявлено пять волн. Первая волна – 1905-1911 гг. Причины характеризующих ее революций были связаны, прежде всего, с модернизацией Турции, Персии, Китая и некоторых других стран и вызванными этим изменениями в их общественном сознании. Вторая волна – 1917-1923 гг. – обусловлена результатами Первой мировой войны. Третья волна – 1930-1938 гг. – связана с мир-системным событием, небывалым мировым экономическим кризисом (Великой депрессией). Четвертая волна – 1943-1949 гг. – определялась результатами Второй мировой войны. Пятая волна – 1989-1996 гг. – включила в себя антисоциалистические революции в Восточной Европе и республиках СССР. В статье впервые представлен количественный анализ революций по их типам. Даны также количественный анализ революционных событий всего рассматриваемого периода и распределения революций по этим пяти волнам. В целом предложенная система теоретико-количественного анализа позволяет в новом ракурсе увидеть революционный процесс ХХ века.
Design and Characterization of Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic
Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Arrays for Killing and Removing Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Croteau Adam
Published: September 2020

Present research at Boise State University (BSU) has demonstrated the ability of low
temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) cold atmospheric
pressure plasma (CAP) devices to remove bacterial biofilms on steel substrates. Although
bacteria may easily be inactivated by plasma treatment, the remains of the organism are
still present on the substrate. It is shown that single element DBD CAP discharge devices
operating at 2100 Vrms with 5 LPM of hydrated argon gas etched P. fluorescens biofilm
within a few minutes of exposure. Similarly, using an 8 element array of linear plasma
discharges, etch removal of biofilm was demonstrated. After 5 minutes of treatment, the
majority of the biofilm was removed leaving only a thin layer ≈ 8 μm) remaining.
Incorporating 150 kΩ ballast resistors in multi-discharge arrays greatly reduced variation
in discharge channel current. The thermal properties of these devices were also determined in
order to find optimal gas flow rates to prevent killing biofilm bacteria by thermal processes.
This research shows that feed gas flow rates, power delivered to the plasma, proximity to
substrate and flow gas hydration are important factors in etching or removal of bacterial
biofilms from surfaces.
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of ethanol extract of Annona senegalensis leaves in experimental animal models
Authors: Megwas Anthony U. , Akuodor Godwin C. , Chukwu Leo C. , Aja Daniel O. , Okorie Edmund M. , Ogbuagu Elochukwu C. , Eke Desmond O. , Chukwumobi Anuli N.
Published: September 2020

Background: This study was carried out to establish the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of the ethanol extract of Anonna senegalensis leaves in experimental animals.Methods: The analgesic activity was measured using the abdominal constriction and tail flick tests. The anti-inflammatory activity was performed using xylene and egg-albumen paw induced tests, while the antipyretic activity was measured using brewer’s yeast and 2, 4 dinitrophenol induced pyrexia tests, respectively.Results: The leaf extract at all doses used exhibited significant (p<0.05) analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities.Conclusions: Results show that ethanol leaf extract of Anonna senegalensis possess therapeutic potential against pains and feverish conditions, supporting the claims of its this plant as remedy for similar ailments.
Comparative anti-ulcerogenic activities of the leaf, seed and stem bark hydromethanolic extracts of Picralima nitida in rats
Authors: Ezeja Maxwell I. , Igwe Kalu K. , Ikpeazu Okezie V.
Published: September 2020

Background: Picralima nitida (Stapf) commonly called akuamma belongs to the family apocynaceae found mostly in forest areas of Africa. It is a shrub or a deciduous tree that can grow up to 35 meters in height. It has a cylindrical trunk measuring about 60 cm in diameter with white latex in its parts. The bark of the trunk is fragile and is greyish brown or black in colour.Methods: The acute oral toxicity test was done using up and down method. The anti-ulcerogenic activities of the leaf, seed and stem bark extracts were evaluated using ethanol-induced ulceration model in rats.Results: There were no signs of morbidity and mortality in rats following oral acute toxicity test. The extracts produced a significant (p<0.05) dose dependent reduction in the number of ulcers and ulcer scores reducing them from 14.00±2.82 and to 56.00±4.55 to as low as 2.00±1.21 and 8.45±1.24 respectively. The ulcer preventive index was also increased by P. nitida extracts in a dose dependent manner with the (Picralima nitida leaf extract) PNLE at the dose of 400 mg/kg causing up to 76.13% inhibition of ulcers in the rats.Conclusions: Picralima nitida extracts demonstrated significant anti-ulcerogenic activities in ethanol-induced gastric ulcerations in rats.
Drug utilization study in patients visiting dermatology outpatient department in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rizvi Salman H. , Gawali Ujwala P. , Mishra Prashant S.
Published: September 2020

Background: With the surge of basic and clinical research activities, and subsequent recognition of newer dermatological disorders; dermatology is now considered to be one of the most important specialties in a healthcare setup. Dermatological problem in India manifests as primary and secondary cutaneous complaints. The aim of this study was to assess current prescribing practices among physicians for dermatology patients in tertiary care hospital.Methods: A prospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Department of Dermatology in a tertiary healthcare hospital. As per inclusion criteria, patients visiting Dermatology Outpatient department (OPD) from October 2018 to December 2018 were enrolled in the study.Results: The average number of drugs per encounter was 4.9. 100% of the drugs were prescribed by their generic name and those prescribed from World Health Organization (WHO) list of essential medicines were 68.9%. Analysis of polypharmacy showed maximum 11 and minimum 2 drug was prescribed. Overall analysis of the drugs showed, the most common route of administration was orally. Antihistamines, antifungals and steroids constitute the major bulk of drug prescribed.Conclusions: In our study, though polypharmacy was found but it was necessary as per the conditions. Anti-fungal, antihistamines and steroids were the most common drugs prescribed. Prescriptions with injections and steroids were less in the study population. All the drugs were prescribed by their generic name and most were present in the essential list of medicines. Use of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was higher in our study as compared to other studies.
A study on clinical profile, management and outcome in pediatric patients admitted with scorpion envenomation
Authors: Umapathi Kiruthika , Boopalan P. , Maheshkumar V. P. , Ramamoorthy R.
Published: September 2020

Background: Scorpion envenomation is a common medical emergency. The main aim is to study clinical profile, management and outcome.Methods: Prospective observational study of Scorpion envenomation cases for six months. case sheets were analysed for clinical profile, symptoms, complications, management and outcome.Results: During the study period first 50 cases were admitted and treated for the following results 66% were males and 34% were females, 46% were upper extremity and 54% were lower extremity. common clinical symptoms are pain at site, autonomic storm, palpitation, headaches, abdominal pain, altered sensorium, vomiting. 40% of patients received prazosin with 1-2 hrs. the major complications were myocarditis, encephalopathy, Peripheral circulatory failure & congestive cardiac failure. There was no mortality in this study.Conclusions: The study finding shows that early and effective use of prazosin treatment showed good outcome in patients. Less complications were seen in patients those who received the first aid. This study concludes that majority of patient were exposed to complication due to shortfall in education, awareness and pre-hospitalization. We, as a clinical pharmacist, tried to create awareness and provide education to health care workers in all primary health care center through distributing pamphlets to general public in and around hospital.
“We are antidepressant also”: aspirin and diclofenac sodium
Authors: Sumanth Meera , Khapale Prajwala R.
Published: September 2020

Background: Many studies have indicated that inflammation and depression are associated with each other. Present study was taken up to prove antidepressant effect of aspirin and diclofenac sodium.Methods: The present study was divided into 6 phases with 5 groups of animals N=10. In study 1, C57Bl mice were used and in remaining 4 studies swiss albino mice. Amitriptyline was standard drug used. For each study first group of animals was treated with a saline solution 1ml P.O., and second group of animals injected with 0.1 ml of 2% formalin. In group 3, 4, 5 animals depression was produced by stressors and treated with aspirin 14mg/kg P.O., diclofenac sod. 10 mg/kg P.O. and amitriptyline 10 mg/kg P.O., respectively. Antidepressant activity of aspirin and diclofenac sodium was determined by using forced swim test, tail suspension test, elevated plus maze test and light dark box test. Inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α) and central neurotransmitters (5-HT, NE, Ach) were estimated.Results: In light dark box test, latency of first crossing, time spent in dark area were decreased and no. of crossing increased significantly in the aspirin, diclofenac sod. treated animals. In forced swim test, the immobility time was decreased. Swiss albino mice treated with aspirin, diclofenac sod. showed decreased concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α and increased concentration of serotonin, nor epinephrine and acetylcholine. In elevated plus maze test, no. of open arm, closed arm entries, time spent in open arm increased and time spent in closed arm decreased. In tail suspension test immobility time was decreased.Conclusions: Aspirin and diclofenac sodium has antidepressant activity.
Possible use of alcohol vapors by inhalation in the treatment of COVID-19 in clinical ill patients
Authors: Islam Saif Ul
Published: September 2020

Ethyl alcohol or ethanol is an effective chemical in denaturing enveloped viruses in vitro, including SARS-CoV-2. It is found that exposure of only 30 seconds is sufficient to deactivate the virus. Alcohol has never been used for the treatment of viral lung infection. However, alcohol vapors by inhalation are used for acute respiratory distress syndrome and alcohol withdrawals. This article aims to discuss the possibility of using the alcohol vapors by inhalation in the treatment of COVID-19 and other viral lung infection. So far, alcohol vapors by inhalation have never been used before to treat viral infection in the lungs. Therefore, there is no data, or clinical trials are available to report the finding, but theoretically, it seems a possibility.
Drug utilization pattern of antimicrobials in intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Satapathy Saswat , Sahu Yajnesh P. , Panigrahi Ashok K. , Rath Bhabagrahi , Patra Ananta N.
Published: September 2020

Background: The intensive care unit is a setting where the multiple medications are prescribed to patients. Antimicrobials are heavily prescribed in the ICUs, which in turn enhance the risk of antimicrobial resistance, increase the side effects and increases the cost of treatment. Drug utilization study is a component of medical auditing that aims to monitor and evaluate the drug prescription patterns and to suggest necessary modifications in the prescribing practices to achieve rational therapeutic practice.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which data of patients admitted to ICU during the period from June 2019 to August 2019 was collected from the Medical Record Section of the hospital. Drug utilization pattern of antimicrobials in ICU was analyzed.Results: Out of 90 patients, 60 were males and 30 were females. The average duration of stay in ICU was 7.53 days. The most common antibiotic prescribed was ceftriaxone followed by piperacillin and tazobactam with DDD/100 bed days of 24.2 and 17.3 respectively.Conclusions: In this study, the results appeared to be similar to those reported in previous studies. However, prescription protocols need to be addressed to guide appropriate use of antimicrobials in the ICU setting. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct drug utilization research to understand the drug consumption and for implementation of protocols to improve the quality of healthcare.
In utero xenotransplantation of mice bone marrow-derived stromal/stem cells into fetal rat liver: A preliminary study
Authors: Kasraeian Maryam , Ghasemi Elahe , Dianatpour Mehdi , Tanideh Nader , Razeghian Jahromi Iman , Khodabandeh Zahra , Reza Dorvash Mohammad , Zare Shahrokh , Koohi Hosseinabadi Omid , Tamadon Amin
Published: September 2020

Background: Animals can play an important role in preparing tissues for human through the development of xenotransplantation protocols. The most common problem with liver transplantation like any other organ transplantation is organ supply shortage.
Objective: To evaluate the in utero xenotransplantation of mouse bone marrow-derived stromal/stem cells (BMSCs) to the liver of rat fetus to produce mouse liver tissue.
Materials and Methods: BMSCs were isolated and confirmed from enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-genetic labeled mice. Using a microinjection protocol, mice BMSCs were injected into the liver of rat fetuses in utero on day 14 of pregnancy. After birth, livers were collected and the presence of mice eGFP-positive cells in rat livers was evaluated through polymerase chain reaction.
Results: The eGFP mRNA was detected in the liver of injected infant rats. BMSCs of adult mice were capable to remain functional probably as hepatocyte-like cells in liver of infant rats after in utero xenotransplantation.
Conclusion: BMSCs have the potential for intrauterine xenotransplantation for the treatment of liver dysfunction before birth. This method can also be used for xenoproduction of liver tissue for transplantation.
Key words: Xenotransplantation, Liver, Bone marrow, Stromal/stem cell, Murine.
Effect of Zirconium oxide nanoparticle on serum level of testosterone and spermatogenesis in the rat: An experimental study
Authors: Mehdikhani Hengameh , Aqababa Heydar , Sadeghi Ladan
Published: September 2020

Background: Zirconium nanoparticles are used as health agents, pharmaceutical carriers, and in dental and orthopedic implants.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles on the process of spermatogenesis in rat.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats (150-200 gr), with range of age 2.5 to 3 months were used and divided into four groups of eight per each. The control group received 0.5 ml of distilled water and the three experimental groups received 50, 200, and 400 ppm doses of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles solution over a 30-day period, respectively. At the end of the experiment, tissue sections were taken from the testis and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Serum concentration of testosterone was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: In the experimental group receiving 400 ppm Zirconium oxide nanoparticles, the number of Spermatogonia cells (p ≤ 0.01), Spermatocytes (p ≤ 0.01), Spermatids (p ≤ 0.001), and sertoli and Leydig cells (p ≤ 0.05) showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Serum testosterone concentration did not change significantly in all experimental groups receiving Zirconium oxide nanoparticles compared to the control group. Experimental group received 400 ppm Zirconium oxide nanoparticles shrinkage of seminal tubules and reduced lumen space compared to control group.
Conclusion: Zirconium oxide nanoparticles are likely to damage the testes by increasing Reactive oxygen species production and free radicals.
Key words: Zirconium oxide, Nanoparticles, Spermatogenesis, Testosterone, Rat.
Effects of phosalone plant pesticide on sperm parameters and sexual hormone levels in Wistar rats: An experimental study
Authors: Mazaheri Fahime , Kamali Aliabad Kazem , Mehdi Kalantar Seyed , Ziya Noosha , Khoradmehr Arezoo , Anvari Morteza
Published: September 2020

Background: Phosalone is an organophosphate insecticide, applied to control of plant pests. This compound has various side effects because it acts as an acetyl cholinesterase enzyme inhibitor.
Objective: To investigate the effects of phosalone on the sperm parameters of and levels of sex hormones in adult male rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 16 adult (8-12 wk) male Wister rates (weighing 220-280 gr) were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 4/each). Group 1 (control) received only routine adequate water and food; Group 2, 3, and 4 received different low doses of phosalone (60, 90, and 120 mg/kg respectively). The rats were weighed and anesthetized after 48 days. Sperm parameters including number, motility, and viability as well as sex hormones (such as Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, and testosterone) were evaluated and compared after removing the epididymis tail.
Results: Our results showed that phosalone decreased sperm motility, viability, and number in a dose-dependent manner. The level of FSH and LH was increased, and testosterone was decreased. Also, depending on the dose, phosalone decrease sperm motility and viability (p ≤ 0.001), while the level of FSH and LH was increased and testosterone was decreased (p = 0.861).
Conclusion: Phosalone has negative effects on reproductive indices in male rats and can cause serious damage and decrease the number and sperms motility. It can also cause infertility due to changing the concentration of hormones.
Key words: Organophosphate, Pesticides, Phosalone, Sperm, Sex hormones.
Food Safety Practices in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ranaei V. , Pilevar Z. , Hosseini H.
Published: September 2020

This article has no abstract.
In vitro Antifungal Activity of Biopolymeric Foam Activated with Carvacrol
Authors: Gaglio R. , Botta L. , Garofalo G. , Guida G. , Settanni L. , Lopresti F.
Published: September 2020

Background: Active packaging represents a defining strategy to improve food quality and safety of the packaged foods. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro ability of commercial biopolymeric foams, namely Mater-Bi (MB), activated with 20% of carvacrol, to develop a completely biodegradable and compostable packaging to inhibit the growth of spoilage and pathogenic yeasts.
Methods: MB foams, with and without carvacrol, were produced by melt mixing and the foaming process was performed in a laboratory press. The antifungal activity of foams containing carvacrol was tested applying the disk diffusion method. Statistical analysis was done using XLStat software version 7.5.2 for Excel.
Results: Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between sensitivity of the tested yeasts. Candida zeylanoides 4G362 and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ICE29 were found to be the most sensitive strains with a clear zone of 28.9±0.1 and 29.0±0.1 mm, respectively. However, Aureobasidium pullulans was the least sensitive yeast strain, showing clear zone of 20.4±0.3 mm.
Conclusion: This study provided, for the first time, an in vitro analysis of the antifungal activity of MB foams activated with carvacrol against yeasts that commonly contaminate raw materials and processed foods. In conclusion, this biopolymer was highly effective against all the yeasts used as indicators strains.
Evaluation of Fascioliasis, Hydatidosis, and Tuberculosis in Domestic Animals during Post-Mortem Inspection at Jijel Slaughterhouse (Algeria)
Authors: Hamiroune M. , Dahmane M. , Charef A. , Cheniguel H. , Foughalia H. , Saidani K. , Djemal M.
Published: September 2020

Background: Some animal infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, hydatidosis, and fascioliasis cause public health concerns and also significant economic losses. The goal of this study was to assess the rate of fascioliasis, hydatidosis, and tuberculosis in domestic animals during post-mortem inspection at Jijel slaughterhouse, North-Eastern Algeria.
Methods: The present study was carried out from March 2017 to February 2018, on 6 520 animals slaughtered at Jijel slaughterhouse. It was based on post-mortem inspection of livers and lungs by visual inspection, palpation, and incision. The statistical analysis was performed using open source software R 2017 and Microsoft Office Excel software.
Results: The prevalence rate of fascioliasis (6.9%) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of hydatidosis (4.8%) and tuberculosis (1.0%). Regarding all three studied diseases in the slathered animal, the prevalence rate of the diseases in cattle was significantly higher than one in sheep and goats. Three peaks in the rate of studied diseases were recorded during March to May 2017, which corresponds to spring.
Conclusion: Considerable prevalence rate of fascioliasis, tuberculosis, and hydatidosis in domestic animals slaughtered at the Jijel slaughterhouse seems to be an important indicator of lack of inspection, preventive, and curative treatments of animals in this region.
"Um meme vale mais que mil palavras": representações sociais configuradas sobre a docência e o professor na internet
Authors: Lima Lucas De Aguiar , Silva Danielle Abreu , Ciríaco Klinger Teodoro
Published: September 2020

Com base na teoria das representações sociais, apresentamos uma discussão sobre memes que circulam na internet em relação a "docência" e ao "professor". Nos últimos anos, no Brasil, a atratividade da carreira docente tem sido problemática emergente, a qual denuncia a falta de interesse pela área. Na leitura interpretativa que fazemos, acreditamos que a forma de representação acerca da figura do docente pode exercer influências na opção pela profissão. O referencial teórico apresenta as representações sociais e busca, no bojo de sua conjuntura, correlacioná-la com a compreensão do ideário sobre o trabalho dos professores. Em termos metodológicos, por meio da semiótica, analisamos imagens de memes da internet. Da experiência aqui materializada, é possível concluir que, embora a representação das imagens anunciem ironicamente problemas ligados à educação, esta descortina a visão coletiva da sociedade brasileira sobre os profissionais em atuação.
Apoyo social y conductas sexuales de riesgo en adolescentes del municipio de Lebrija-Santander
Authors: Orcasita Linda Teresa , Uribe Ana Fernanda , Castellanos Laura Patricia , Gutiérrez Rodríguez Marisol
Published: September 2020

La presente investigación evalúa el apoyo social y las conductas sexuales de riesgo presentes en adolescentes de una institución educativa del municipio de Lebrija-Santander. La muestra se conformo por 359 sujetos con edades entre los 12 y 18 años; es una investigación de carácter no experimental de tipo descriptivo-correlacional. Se utilizaron una serie de cuestionarios: Conductas de Riesgo de Vigilancia (YRBS), Cuestionario MOS y finalmente el APGAR Familiar. Los resultados muestran que los adolescentes que han iniciado su vida sexual, presentan conductas sexuales de riesgo, las más frecuentes son: la no utilización del preservativo, el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y el inicio de la vida sexual a edades tempranas. Así mismo los jóvenes que han iniciado su vida sexual son quienes perciben un menor apoyo tanto emocional como instrumental por parte de su principal red de apoyo (la familia). Se concluye sobre la necesidad de fortalecer las redes de apoyo de los adolescentes, debido a que están directamente relacionadas con conductas sexuales de riesgo adoptadas por está población, es importante la participación no solo de los jóvenes sino también la vinculación de padres de familia, instituciones educativas, docentes, entre otros, en los programas de salud sexual y reproductiva diseñados para los adolescentes.
Representaciones de la salud mental en trabajadores de dos instituciones especializadas de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Moll León Sarah
Published: September 2020

El presente estudio busca explorar las representaciones de la salud mental en los trabajadores de dos instituciones especializadas. Se seleccionó un total de diez participantes, cinco por cada institución, representantes de los trabajadores que conforman el equipo interdisciplinario del área: un psiquiatra, una psicóloga, una enfermera, una técnica de enfermería y una asistenta social. Para acceder a la narración y al discurso de los participantes, se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados dan cuenta del mundo representacional de los trabajadores, exponiendo desde lo subjetivo, sus concepciones generales en torno a la salud mental, los factores que favorecen o interfieren en la misma, las reacciones que genera una persona que sufre una enfermedad mental y las expectativas de mejoría.
Las fuentes de la memoria colectiva: los recuerdos vividos e históricos
Authors: Muller Felipe , Bermejo Federico
Published: September 2020

Se estudia el rol que desempeñan los recuerdos vividos e históricos en la memoria colectiva por medio de la valoración del pasado reciente argentino. Estos recuerdos operan como fuentes que nutren a la memoria colectiva. Los recuerdos vividos están vinculados a la experiencia directa, mientras que los recuerdos históricos a las fuentes indirectas que informan sobre el pasado. 60 participantes, divididos en dos grupos (mayores y menores de 46 años), realizaron valoraciones sobre el presente y el pasado reciente, en base a recuerdos vividos y en recuerdos históricos. Los resultados muestran que los recuerdos vividos o autobiográficos tienen una incidencia distinta en las valoraciones que los recuerdos históricos.
El Construccionismo Social como abordaje teórico para la comprensión del abuso sexual
Authors: Magnabosco Marra Marlene
Published: September 2020

Este artículo se propone discutir el Construccionismo Social, como marco teórico para abordar el abuso sexual. Dicho marco favorece la construcción de nuevas narrativas, ofrece condiciones de reinterpretación de vivencias de abuso sexual, ayudando a las personas a ingresar en un relato más positivo de sus vidas y de su identidad. Al narrar historias de abuso sexual, las familias conocen y perciben otras y nuevas secuencias narrativas, hallando una pauta de sentido que corresponde al momento vivido. Estas conversaciones especiales incitan a la construcción de una nueva narrativa, invitando a la toma de una postura más reflexiva y crítica en relación con la violencia. Esta postura modifica la relación entre las personas involucradas en la conversación.
Estrategias de afrontamiento y ansiedad ante exámenes en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Casari Leandro Martín , Anglada Johana , Daher Celeste
Published: September 2020

Este artículo analizó las estrategias de afrontamiento y la ansiedad ante situación de examen en 140 estudiantes universitarios de Psicología de la Universidad del Aconcagua de la provincia de Mendoza. Además, evaluó las diferencias y el grado de relación entre estas dos variables en cuanto a género, materias rendidas y año académico. Los resultados mostraron que las estrategias de afrontamiento fueron la búsqueda de Gratificaciones Alternativas y la Descarga Emocional; además, que los estudiantes presentan un nivel bajo de ansiedad. Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre ansiedad ante exámenes y estrategias de afrontamiento, como también entre estas variables en relación al género y el año de cursado. No se encontraron resultados significativos al correlacionar con cantidad de materias rendidas.
Sentido de pertenencia y compromiso organizacional: predicción del bienestar
Authors: Dávila de León Celeste , Jiménez García Gemma
Published: September 2020

Los objetivos del presente trabajo son determinar la validez discriminante del sentido de pertenencia y de los diferentes tipos de compromiso organizacional, y analizar la relación y capacidad predictiva de estos constructos del bienestar subjetivo y psicológico. 354 personas cumplimentaron un cuestionario que permitía medir los constructos descritos. Los resultados muestran que el sentido de pertenencia y los diferentes tipos de compromiso organizacional son constructos diferentes, y que se asocian de forma diferencial con los diversos indicadores del bienestar en función del tipo de puesto de trabajo estudiado. El compromiso afectivo es el predictor más importante para los empleados que desempeñan puestos de base, y el sentido de pertenencia es el único predictor para los puestos de mando.
Empoderamiento psicológico: un modelo sistémico con componentes individuales y comunitarios
Authors: Banda Castro Ana Lilia , Morales Zamorano Miguel Arturo
Published: September 2020

Se busca confirmar que la participación social puede influir en el empoderamiento comouno de sus cuatro componentes. La hipótesis propone la interacción sistémica de dos componentes del empoderamiento: intrapersonal y comportamental. Los participantes fueron 113 habitantes urbanos a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta. Los resultados evidencian que el modelamiento estructural identificó un componente intrapersonal del empoderamiento integrado por empoderamiento positivo, empoderamiento negativo y control sociopolítico. Este componente se muestra afectado por el componente de comportamiento conformado por la organización social, las acciones comunitarias y la toma de decisiones. Se acepta la hipótesis y se proporciona sustento empírico a la teoría.