bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food availability influences angling vulnerability in muskellunge
Authors: Bieber John F. , MacDougall‐Shackleton Scott A. , Suski Cory D.
Published: September 2023

Reduced food availability increases the capture of several fish species, although the mechanisms responsible for how food resources result in increased capture are undefined. Our objective was to quantify the mechanism by which food availability might influence the angling vulnerability of muskellunge (Esox masquinongy). We assessed capture rates in the field under different food levels, quantified the behaviors of muskellunge that were either fed or food deprived, and determined if appetite‐related hormones leptin and ghrelin affected fish behavior. Catch rates of fasted muskellunge were more than twice as high as those of fed muskellunge. However, food deprivation and hormonal treatments did not influence laboratory behavior, which suggested that catch rates of food‐deprived muskellunge increased because fish were more receptive to lures. Furthermore, an ecosystem approach should be used to consider forage as a component of management goals.
Phosphorus nutrition strategies in a Symbiodiniacean species: Implications in coral‐alga symbiosis facing increasing phosphorus deficiency in future warmer oceans
Authors: Li Jiashun , Zhang Kaidian , Li Ling , Wang Yujie , Lin Senjie
Published: September 2023

Coral reefs thrive in the oligotrophic ocean and rely on symbiotic algae to acquire nutrients. Global warming is projected to intensify surface ocean nutrient deficiency and anthropogenic discharge of wastes with high nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) ratios can exacerbate P nutrient limitation. However, our understanding on how symbiotic algae cope with P deficiency is limited. Here, we investigated the responses of a coral symbiotic species of Symbiodiniaceae, Cladocopium goreaui, to P‐limitation by examining its physiological performance and transcriptomic profile. Under P stress, C. goreaui exhibited decreases in algal growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and cellular P content but enhancement in carbon fixation, N assimilation, N:P ratio, and energy metabolism, with downregulated expression of carbohydrate exporter genes. Besides, C. goreaui showed flexible mechanisms of utilizing different dissolved organic phosphorus to relieve P deficiency. When provided glycerol phosphate, C. goreaui hydrolyzed it extracellularly to produce phosphate for uptake. When grown on phytate, in contrast, C. goreaui upregulated the endocytosis pathway while no dissolved inorganic phosphorus was released into the medium, suggesting that phytate was transported into the cell, potentially via the endocytosis pathway. This study sheds light on the survival strategies of C. goreaui and potential weakening of its role as an organic carbon supplier in P‐limited environments, underscoring the importance of more systematic investigation on future projections of such effects.
Climate cooling benefits of cellulosic bioenergy crops from elevated albedo
Authors: Lei Cheyenne , Chen Jiquan , Robertson G. Philip
Published: September 2023

Changes in land surface albedo can alter ecosystem energy balance and potentially influence climate. We examined the albedo of six bioenergy cropping systems in southwest Michigan USA: monocultures of energy sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus), and polycultures of native grasses, early successional vegetation, and restored prairie. Direct field measurements of surface albedo (αs) from May 2018 through December 2020 at half‐hourly intervals in each system quantified the magnitudes and seasonal differences in albedo (∆α) and albedo‐induced radiative forcing (RF∆α). We used a nearby forest as a historical native cover type to estimate reference albedo and RF∆α change upon original land use conversion, and a continuous no‐till maize (Zea mays L.) system as a contemporary reference to estimate change upon conversion from annual row crops. Annually, αs differed significantly (p < 0.05) among crops in the order: early successional (0.288 ± 0.012SE) >> miscanthus (0.271 ± 0.009) ≈ energy sorghum (0.270 ± 0.010) ≥ switchgrass (0.265 ± 0.009) ≈ restored prairie (0.264 ± 0.012) > native grasses (0.259 ± 0.010) > maize (0.247 ± 0.010). Reference forest had the lowest annual αs (0.134 ± 0.003). Albedo differences among crops during the growing season were also statistically significant, with growing season αs in perennial crops and energy sorghum on average ~20% higher (0.206 ± 0.003) than in no‐till maize (0.184 ± 0.002). Average non‐growing season (NGS) αs (0.370 ± 0.020) was much higher than growing season αs (0.203 ± 0.003) but these NGS differences were not significant. Overall, the original conversion of reference forest and maize landscapes to perennials provided a cooling effect on the local climate (RFαMAIZE: −3.83 ± 1.00 W m−2; RFαFOREST: −16.75 ± 3.01 W m−2). Significant differences among cropping systems suggest an additional management intervention for maximizing the positive climate benefit of bioenergy crops, with cellulosic crops on average ~9.1% more reflective than no‐till maize, which itself was about twice as reflective as the reference forest.
Safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of repetitive intravenous dihydroergotamine for refractory chronic migraine with cardiovascular risk factors: A retrospective study
Authors: Wang Victor S. , Kosman Justin , Yuan Hsiangkuo , Lauritsen Clinton , Shrewsbury Stephen , Aurora Sheena K. , Hopkins Mary , Silberstein Stephen
Published: September 2023

Background

Dihydroergotamine (DHE), like triptans, is contraindicated in patients with ischemic heart disease or coronary vasospasm. Its true safety, tolerability, and efficacy in patients with cardiovascular risk without ischemic heart disease or coronary vasospasm remain unclear.

Objectives

To assess the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of repetitive intravenous DHE in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods

A single‐center, retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Jefferson Headache Center inpatient unit for refractory chronic migraine patients treated with our intravenous DHE protocol between January 1, 2019, and October 15, 2019. We evaluated tolerability and effectiveness outcomes based on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease 10‐year calculated risk scores, stratified into low (<5.0%) and elevated (≥5.0%) risk. Data were presented in mean ± standard deviation or median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) if non‐normally distributed.

Results

Among 347 patients (median age of 46 [36, 57], femalen = 278 [80.1%]), who received inpatient intravenous DHE, 227 patients (age 53 [45, 60], female 81.1%) had calculable risk scores, 64 (28.2%) had elevated risk, and 38 (16.7%) had cardiology consultations. There were no clinically significant electrocardiogram abnormalities or cardiovascular adverse events. The median hospital length of stay was 6 (5, 7) days. Compared to the low‐risk group, those with elevated risk had higher nausea (31.3% vs. 14.1%,p = 0.008), but similar initial DHE dose (0.5 [0.25, 0.5] vs. 0.5 [0.25, 0.5],p = 0.009), lower final DHE dose (0.75 [0.5, 1] vs. 1 [0.75, 1]p < 0.001), and lower pain reduction after admission (−3.8 [2.1, 6] vs. −5 [3, 7]p = 0.037).

Conclusion

Patients receiving intravenous DHE by the Jefferson Headache Center inpatient headache protocol had significantly reduced pain severity at discharge. No clinically significant cardiac or electrocardiogram abnormalities were detected in patients with elevated (or low) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Repetitive intravenous DHE used by our protocol was safe in refractory chronic migraine patients.
Significance of the autoantibody assay in predicting the development of immune‐related adverse events in patients receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Takada Hitomi , Yamashita Koji , Osawa Leona , Komiyama Yasuyuki , Muraoka Masaru , Suzuki Yuichiro , Sato Mitsuaki , Kobayashi Shoji , Yoshida Takashi , Takano Shinichi , Maekawa Shinya , Enomoto Nobuyuki
Published: September 2023

Aim

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (AB) combination therapy is the first‐line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u‐HCC). The management of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) is an important issue associated with achieving a good therapeutic response in patients receiving AB therapy. However, few studies have reported irAE development in patients receiving AB therapy. This study focused on the association between irAE development and autoantibodies at baseline in patients receiving AB therapy.

Methods

Sixty‐one patients receiving AB therapy were enrolled. For autoantibodies, the following antibodies were tested before the start of AB therapy: antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor (RF), anti‐thyroglobulin antibodies, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, anti‐thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibodies, and acetylcholine receptor antibodies. A patient was considered to have pre‐existing antibodies if any of the listed antibodies were present at baseline.

Results

Ten patients (16%) developed irAEs during the observation period. The irAEs included liver injury, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency, and rhabdomyolysis. Patients with irAE (n = 10) were more likely to be positive for any autoantibody (hazard ratio [HR] 3.7, p = 0.047) and RF at baseline (HR 5.4, p = 0.035) and to achieve complete response (HR 5.8, p = 0.027) than those without. The presence of autoantibodies at baseline was an independent factor associated with irAE development.

Conclusion

In the real world, 16% of patients receiving AB therapy for u‐HCC developed irAEs. Patients with autoantibodies at baseline are at high risk of developing irAEs and require cautious follow‐up.
The HUSH Project: Using codesign to reduce sleep disruptions for patients in hospital
Authors: Adams Corey , Walpola Ramesh , Schembri Anthony , Harrison Reema
Published: September 2023

Background

Poor quality sleep in hospitals may be problematic for patients, negatively impacting their recovery and wellbeing. This project aimed to investigate the effectiveness of codesign in addressing key issues affecting sleep disruption in the healthcare setting.

Methods

Codesign with patients, staff and consumer representatives was conducted in an acute metropolitan tertiary public hospital in Sydney, Australia. Through a four‐stage process, a multimodal intervention to address and reduce the impact of sleep disruptions among hospital inpatients was created. Pre‐ and post‐intervention evaluation was used to determine changes in patient‐reported sleep disruption.

Results

‘The HUSH Project’ (Help Us Support Healing) intervention resulted from the codesign process, which included the provision of HUSH Sleep Packs (with earplugs, eye masks and herbal tea), patient information resources, and ward‐based Sleep Champions. Survey data from 210 patients revealed a statistically significant decrease in patient‐reported noise disturbances for patients in shared rooms following the 4‐week intervention period of the HUSH program.

Conclusion

The HUSH Project demonstrated that a novel multimodal intervention may be valuable in reducing sleep disruption in hospitals. These findings also indicate the benefits of using codesign methodology to support improvement projects that seek to enhance patient experiences of care.

Patient or Public Contribution

This project utilised codesign methodology, which involved significant contributions from patients and consumer representatives, from research conceptualisation into intervention design, implementation and project evaluation.
Improvement effect of different protein powder on cooking characteristics of gluten‐free pasta and the establishment of quality evaluation based on principal component analysis
Authors: Zhao Renjie , Zhao Ruixuan , Li Qingyao , Li Kang , Liu Qiannan , Liu Wei , Hu Honghai
Published: September 2023

Improving the edible quality and nutrition of gluten‐free (GF) products is vital for patients to improve their coeliac disease (CD). This study explored the effect of the addition of soybean protein isolate (SPI), ovalbumin (OVA), and whey protein (WP) on the cooking characteristics of rice‐maize‐potato (RMP) GF pasta and made a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of GF pasta. The addition of SPI at higher concentrations would seriously increase the cooking loss of GF pasta. In contrast, the addition of OVA and WP could improve the cooking stability of GF pasta. The amount of OVA and WP powder in GF flour was positively correlated with gelatinization and gel stability, and negatively correlated with cooking loss. Moreover, the addition of OVA to GF flour improved the chewiness, hardness, elasticity and tensile properties of GF pasta based on texture profile analysis. Furthermore, 13 GF pasta with different additions of protein powder were studied based on principal component analysis to evaluate the comprehensive quality of GF pasta. The consistent results of GF pasta cooking characteristics and their ranking in comprehensive quality evaluation verified the reliability of this method. This study provides a reasonable instruction for quality improvement of GF pasta and a theoretical basis for the comprehensive quality evaluation of GF pasta, which could facilitate the development of foods with high cooking characteristics and nutrition suitable for patients with CD.
Risk factors for adverse outcomes after pediatric pyeloplasty: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zouari Mohamed , Dghaies Rim , Rhaiem Wiem , Belhajmansour Manel , Krichen Emna , Hamad Amel Ben , Boukattaya Mariem , Dhaou Mahdi Ben , Mhiri Riadh
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To identify the risk factors for adverse outcomes after pediatric pyeloplasty.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of all children under the age of 14 years who underwent primary pyeloplasty for unilateral ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction at a single teaching hospital in Tunisia between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2022.

Results

A total of 103 patients were included. Median age of patients at surgery was 27 months (interquartile range [IQR], 13–44). On ultrasound, median renal pelvic anteroposterior diameter was 3.2 cm (IQR, 2.3–4), and the median renal cortex thickness (RCT) was 2.5 mm (IQR, 2–3.5). Median differential renal function (DRF) on preoperative radionuclide renal scan was 40% (IQR, 30–46). Postoperative adverse outcomes occurred in 28 patients (27.2%). These included 19 cases of urinary tract infections (UTIs), 11 cases of UPJ restenosis, four cases of UPJ leakage, two cases of urinoma, and two cases of diversion‐related complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed two factors significantly and independently related to postoperative negative outcomes: RCT <3 mm and DRF > 50%.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that preoperative RCT on ultrasound of less than 3 mm and preoperative DRF on radionuclide renal scan of more than 50% were independent risk factors for adverse outcomes following pediatric pyeloplasty. These factors could be of interest in identifying, early on, patients who will develop postoperative negative outcomes, giving them more attention and support, and explaining the prognosis to the patient and family.
Effect of minimally invasive versus conventional aortic root replacement on transfusion and postoperative wound complications in patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Yu , Yu Wenbo , Jiang Yue , Gao Jianfeng , Xie Dilin , Yu Junjian , Li Wentong , Liu Ziyou , Xiong Jianxian
Published: September 2023

We examined whether small incision aortic root replacement could reduce the amount of blood transfusion during operation and the risk of postoperative complications. An extensive e‐review of the 4 main databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and EMBASE) was carried out to determine all the published trials by July 2023. The search terms used were associated with partial versus full sternotomy and aortic root. This analysis only included the study articles that compared partial and full sternotomy. After excluding articles based on titles or abstracts, selected full‐text articles had reference lists searched for any potential further articles. We analysed a total of 2167 subjects from 10 comparable trials. The minimally invasive aortic root graft in breastbone decreased the duration of hospitalization (MD, −2.58; 95% CI, −3.15, −2.01, p < 0.0001) and intraoperative red blood cell transfusion (MD, −1.27; 95% CI, −2.34, −0.19, p = 0.02). However, there were no significant differences in wound infection (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.16, 4.93, p = 0.88), re‐exploration for bleeding (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.60, 1.53, p = 0.86), intraoperative blood loss (MD, −259.19; 95% CI, −615.11, 96.73, p = 0.15) and operative time (MD, −7.39; 95% CI, −19.10, 4.32, p = 0.22); the results showed that the microsternotomy did not differ significantly from that of the routine approach. Small sternotomy may be an effective and safe substitute for the treatment of the aorta root. Nevertheless, the wide variety of data indicates that larger, well‐designed studies are required to back up the current limited literature evidence showing a benefit in terms of complications like postoperative wound infections or the volume of intraoperative red blood cell transfusion.
Subspecies‐level distribution maps for birds of the Amazon basin and adjacent areas
Authors: Rego Marco Antonio , Del‐Rio Glaucia , Brumfield Robb T.
Published: September 2023

Aim

Distribution maps for Amazonian birds are often limited to species‐level taxonomy even though many subspecies represent biological species. We provide digital maps depicting subspecies‐level distributions of Neotropical birds in the Amazonas River basin and adjoining areas.

Location

Amazon region, which includes the entire Amazon basin, the east slope of the tropical Andes, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, south Venezuela (Bolivar and Amazonas departments), parts of the Brazilian Cerrado and the Araguaia‐Tocantins basin.

Taxon

Birds (Class Aves).

Methods

To build the distribution maps, we compiled a point‐locality database of 620,000 records, 90% of which represent specimens vouchered in research collections. After manually cleaning and optimising the quality of the point localities, we generated extent‐of‐occurrence polygons at the subspecies level using a concave hull function. We corrected each polygon based on the literature and expert knowledge. We used this data set to define zoogeographical regions based on multidimensional scaling and clustering analyses, and then compared subspecies‐defined regions to zoogeographic regions inferred from species‐level data.

Results

We inferred range polygons for 3990 subspecies, representing 2043 species from 65 families. The average distribution size was 955,739 km2, with half of the taxa having range sizes smaller than 230,484 km2 (median value) and nearly one‐quarter of all subspecies having ranges smaller than 50,000 km2. We identified 10 zoogeographical regions from the subspecies data set in comparison with four areas based on a species‐level analysis of the same data. The 10 zoogeographical regions are largely congruent with previously identified areas of endemism.

Main Conclusions

The new maps of Amazonian bird subspecies distributions allow biodiversity studies (e.g. macroecology, evolution, and conservation) to be conducted at the subspecies level, and facilitate biogeographic, ecological, evolutionary and conservation research on birds in the most biologically diverse region in the world.
Biological knowledge shortfalls impede conservation efforts in poorly studied taxa—A case study of Laboulbeniomycetes
Authors: Haelewaters Danny , Matthews Thomas J. , Wayman Joseph P. , Cazabonne Jonathan , Heyman Felix , Quandt C. Alisha , Martin Thomas E.
Published: September 2023

Most empirical research on biological shortfalls has focused on vertebrate taxa. This is important given many species in poorly studied groups such as invertebrates, plants, and fungi are predicted to possess high conservation risk. Here, we focus on Laboulbeniomycetes: a class of microfungi that are understudied. We examined four shortfalls: Linnean (knowledge gaps in species diversity), Wallacean (knowledge gaps in distributions), Latimerian (knowledge gaps in species persistence), and the newly introduced Scottian (knowledge gaps in species conservation assessments) shortfalls. The Linnean shortfall in Laboulbeniomycetes is hard to predict due to inconsistent species description rates. Analysis of distribution patterns indicates Laboulbeniomycetes are likely to experience an extremely high Wallacean shortfall, with many species having highly disjunct known distributions. Latimerian shortfall analysis shows over half (51%) of Laboulbeniomycetes have not been recorded in >50 years, while the group has a collective Scottian shortfall of 100%, given none of the 2454 described species have received an IUCN threat assessment. We suggest continued study of natural history collections, expanded citizen science programmes, and machine‐learning identification approaches as important tools for reducing knowledge shortfalls in both Laboulbeniomycetes and poorly studied taxa more generally.
Equivalent roles of marine subsidies and island characteristics in shaping island bird communities
Authors: Obrist Debora S. , Hanly Patrick J. , Kennedy Jeremiah C. , Fitzpatrick Owen T. , Wickham Sara B. , Nijland Wiebe , Reshitnyk Luba Y. , Darimont Chris T. , Starzomski Brian M. , Reynolds John D.
Published: September 2023

Aim

Species distributions across islands are shaped by dispersal limitations, environmental filters and biotic interactions but the relative influence of each of these processes has rarely been assessed. Here, we examine the relative contributions of island characteristics, marine subsidies, species traits, and species interactions on avian community composition.

Location

Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada.

Taxon

Terrestrial breeding birds.

Methods

We observed 3610 individuals of 32 bird species on 89 islands that spanned multiple orders of magnitude in area (0.0002–3 km2). We fit a spatially explicit joint species distribution model to estimate the relative contributions of island physical characteristics, island‐specific inputs of marine subsidies, species' traits, and biotic interactions on species distributions. Biogeographic characteristics included island area, isolation, and habitat heterogeneity, while marine influence was represented by forest‐edge soil δ15N, wrack biomass, shoreline substrate, and distance to shore. This approach also allowed us to estimate how much variation in distributions resulted from species' biological traits (i.e. body mass, feeding guild, feeding height, and nesting height).

Results

Bird species distributions were determined almost equivalently by island biogeographic characteristics (23.5% of variation explained) and marine influence (24.8%). We detected variation in species‐specific responses to both island biogeographic characteristics and marine influence, but no significant effect of any biological trait examined. Additionally, we found evidence that habitat preferences were a more important driver than competitive interactions.

Main Conclusions

Although most island biogeographic studies focus only on islands' physical characteristics, we found evidence for an equivalent role of marine subsidy in structuring island bird communities. Our study suggests that for small islands, disentangling the effects of island biogeographic characteristics, marine inputs, and biotic interactions is a useful next step in understanding species distributions.
Uncontrolled blood pressure and therapeutic inertia in treated hypertensive patients: A retrospective cohort study using a UK general practice database
Authors: Darricarrere Céline , Jacquot Emmanuelle , Bricout Stéphanie , Louis Caroline , Bénard Marc , Poulter Neil R.
Published: September 2023

Uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) and therapeutic inertia pose significant challenges in effectively managing hypertension. This study objective was to quantify levels of uncontrolled BP and therapeutic inertia among patients treated for hypertension in primary care. This retrospective cohort study used data recorded by general practitioners from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink database. Adults with primary hypertension who received a recorded prescription for any antihypertensive drug between January 2015 and June 2017 (index date) were included, with a follow‐up of 18 months. Primary outcomes included the percentage of patients with uncontrolled BP (defined as systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg) and of apparent therapeutic inertia (defined as two consecutive uncontrolled BP records without treatment change) during follow‐up. Finally, of 581 260 patients receiving antihypertensive drug(s), 37.2% (n = 216 014) had uncontrolled BP at the index date and 30.3% (n = 175 955) had no record of BP at this date. During follow‐up, 59.2% had ≥1 record of uncontrolled BP, in 22% all records showed uncontrolled BP, and 12.8% had no record of BP. Among those with uncontrolled BP at the index date, 72.9% had ≥1 record of uncontrolled BP during follow‐up, and in 28.3% all records showed uncontrolled BP. Therapeutic inertia was observed in 33.1% of patients overall, and in 55.7% of those with uncontrolled BP at the index date. In conclusion, BP recording was infrequent, possibly reflecting both a low frequency of measurement and potential under‐recording. Uncontrolled BP and therapeutic inertia appear to be widespread in UK general practice.
Unemployment and health: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Picchio Matteo , Ubaldi Michele
Published: September 2023

This paper reports a meta‐analysis of the relationship between unemployment and health. Our meta‐dataset consisted of 327 study results taken from 65 articles published in peer‐reviewed journals between 1990 and 2021. We found that publication bias is important, but only for those study results obtained by means of difference‐in‐differences or instrumental variables estimators. On average, the effect of unemployment on health is negative, but quite small in terms of partial correlation coefficients. We investigated whether the findings were heterogeneous across several research dimensions. We found that unemployment has the strongest impact on the psychological domains of health and long‐term unemployment spells are more detrimental than short‐term ones. Furthermore, women are less affected, studies dealing with endogeneity issues find smaller effects and the health penalty is increasing with unemployment rate.
Global legal change from below and above
Authors: HALLIDAY TERENCE C.
Published: September 2023

This article is a contribution to the occasional series dealing with a major book that has influenced the author. Previous contributors include Stewart Macaulay, John Griffith, William Twining, Carol Harlow, Geoffrey Bindman, Harry Arthurs, André‐Jean Arnaud, Alan Hunt, Michael Adler, Lawrence O. Gostin, John P. Heinz, Roger Brownsword, Roger Cotterrell, Nicola Lacey, Carol J. Greenhouse, David Garland, Peter Fitzpatrick, David Nelken, and Lynn Mather.
Relationships Between Violent Sexual Victimization and Muscle‐Building Exercise among Adolescents from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Authors: Ganson Kyle T. , Testa Alexander , Rodgers Rachel F. , Jackson Dylan B. , Nagata Jason M.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to investigate the association between violent sexual victimization and muscle‐building exercise among adolescents.

METHODS

Cross‐sectional data from the 2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N = 8408) were analyzed. Two indicators of non‐dating‐related sexual violence (lifetime, past 12 months), along with one indicator of adolescent sexual violence (past 12 months), were assessed. Days of muscle‐building in the past week were reported. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between the three violent sexual victimization variables and muscle‐building exercise.

RESULTS

Among the sample (50.3% girls), lifetime violent sexual victimization (relative risk ratio [RRR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29 to 2.72), past 12‐month violent sexual victimization (RRR 1.60, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.22), and past 12‐month sexual dating violence (RRR 1.60, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.51) were associated greater relative risk of high engagement (ie, 6 to 7 days) in muscle‐building exercise relative to no engagement.

CONCLUSIONS

A history of violent sexual victimization is associated with greater involvement in muscle‐building exercise, particularly among adolescent girls. Engagement in muscle‐building exercise in relation to violent sexual victimization may be a means of emotion regulation and occur due to body dissatisfaction resulting from experiencing violence.
Effects of hepatitis B virus infection on the treatment outcomes following in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: An analysis of 21,999 first embryo transfer cycles
Authors: Ma Ning‐Zhao , Dai Wei , Bao Xiao , Bu Zhi‐Qin , Shi Hao , Sun Ying‐Pu
Published: September 2023

To investigate the effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the outcomes of Chinese couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and the clinical data of their neonates. A total of 21,999 first embryo transfer cycles were included. They were categorized into four groups based on the couple's hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) result (Group A = female HBsAg− and male HBsAg−; Group B = female HBsAg+ and male HBsAg−; Group C = female HBsAg− and male HBsAg+; Group D = female HBsAg+ and male HBsAg+). The fertilization rate (FR), cleavage rate (CR), implantation rate (IPR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR) and miscarriage rate (MCR) were analysed. Multilevel logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association. The total prevalence of HBV infection was 5.74% (2526/43998). There were no statistically significant differences in CRs (98.69%, 98.76%, 98.66%, 98.72%, p > .05), IPRs (45.86%, 47.33%, 45.19%, 39.61%, p > .05), CPRs (62.84%, 65.05%, 61.80%, 56.81%, p > .05), MCRs (12.70%, 11.99%, 12.58%, 4%, p > .05) and LBRs (53.43%, 55.38%, 52.70%, 54.54%, p > .05) among the four groups. However, there were significant differences in FRs (66.25%, 66.55%, 66.32%, 61.92%, p < .05). Group D had the lowest FR. After adjusting for confounders, the multilevel logistic regression showed that HBsAg+ had no impact on the LBR, CPR or MCR. We also analysed the data of 14,465 newborns, including 8593 singletons and 2936 twins. Among the four groups, no variables reached statistical significance, including neonatal birth weight (NBW), twin ratio, gestational age, premature birth, delivery type, fetal macrosomia or low birth weight (p > .05). Our study demonstrates that, although biparental HBV infection may affect the FR, neither single‐parent infection nor biparental HBV infection affects IVF/ICSI outcomes or neonatal outcomes.
Use of molidustat, a hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, in chronic kidney disease‐associated anemia in cats
Authors: Charles Samuel , Süssenberger Ricarda , Settje Terry , Langston Catherine , Lainesse Chantal
Published: September 2023

Background

Erythropoietic effects of molidustat, a hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF‐PH) inhibitor, were previously demonstrated in healthy cats.

Objective

To evaluate the safety and erythropoietic effects of daily PO administration of molidustat in anemic cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Animals

Twenty‐one client‐owned CKD cats (4‐17 years old) with anemia.

Methods

Multicenter field study; randomized, masked, and placebo‐controlled. Cats were treated PO once daily for 28 days with suspensions of control product (CP; n = 6) or 5 mg/kg of molidustat (n = 15). Hematocrit (HCT) was evaluated at weekly intervals. Individual cat treatment success was defined as a ≥4% point increase in HCT compared to baseline.

Results

Control group mean HCT remained low throughout the study (20.1%‐23.4%). Mean HCT of molidustat‐treated cats increased weekly, and a significant increase compared to baseline (23.6%) was first observed on Day 21 (27.3%; P < .001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69‐5.67). Compared to CP group, mean HCT was significantly higher on Day 21 (27.3% vs 20.1%; P < .001; 95% CI, 2.91‐10.75) but not significantly higher on Day 28 (27.8% vs 23.4%; P = .06; 95% CI, −0.23 to 9.88). The number of individual treatment successes on Day 28 was higher among remaining molidustat‐treated cats (7/14) compared to remaining control cats (1/5), but there was no significant difference between groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Daily PO molidustat administration may stimulate a clinically relevant erythropoietic response in anemic cats with CKD. This HIF‐PH inhibitor may be an alternative for managing anemia in cats compared to recombinant EPO treatment.
Associations between postrace atrial fibrillation and measures of performance, racing history and airway disease in horses
Authors: Nath Laura C. , Elliott Adrian , La Gerche Andre , Weir Joe , Forbes Grace , Thomas Gijo , Franklin Samantha
Published: September 2023

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common performance limiting arrhythmia in racehorses. High dose exercise and airway disease promote AF in humans. Few studies have investigated epidemiological factors associated with AF in horses.

Objectives

Explore variables relating to performance, exercise volume and postrace endoscopic findings in horses with AF.

Animals

A total of 164 horses with poor race performance and postrace AF were compared to 321 horses with poor performance without AF (PP) and 314 horses performing to expectation (TE).

Methods

Horse‐level and race‐level variables for horses racing in Australia and Hong Kong from 2009 to 2021 were compared using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Postrace endoscopic exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) and tracheal mucus accumulation (TMA) grades for AF and PP horses were compared using chi‐squared analysis.

Results

Variables that were significant in the multivariable model of AF compared to TE were distance (lengths) behind the winner, (odds ratio [OR]; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.41 [1.32‐1.51], P < .0001), cumulative prize money per start before the event (OR [95% CI] 1.02 [1.01‐1.03], P = .01) and age (OR [95% CI] 0.72 [0.55‐0.92], P = .01). More AF horses had EIPH grade 3 (23/109; 21.1%) than PP horses (7/213; 3.3%; OR [95%CI] 7.9 [3.3‐20.2], P < .0001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Acute race performance was substantially impaired by AF but career earnings before the event were not inferior. Exercise volume did not promote AF. Higher grades of EIPH found in AF horses suggests a mechanistic relationship between these conditions.
Identifying dynamic interaction patterns in mandatory and discretionary lane changes using graph structure
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zou Yajie , Xie Yuanchang , Chen Lei
Published: September 2023

A quantitative understanding of dynamic lane‐changing interaction patterns is indispensable for improving the decision‐making of autonomous vehicles (AVs), especially in mixed traffic with human‐driven vehicles. This paper develops a novel framework combining the hidden Markov model (HMM) and graph structure to identify the difference in dynamic interaction patterns between mandatory lane changes (MLC) and discretionary lane changes (DLC). An HMM is developed to separate the interaction patterns considering heterogeneity in lane‐changing processes and reveal the temporal properties of these patterns. Conditional mutual information is used to quantify the interaction intensity, and the graph structure is used to characterize the relationship between vehicles. Finally, a case study is conducted to demonstrate the practical value of the proposed framework and validate its effectiveness in predicting lane‐changing trajectories. Based on the lane‐changing events extracted from a real‐world trajectory dataset, the proposed analytical framework is applied to model MLC and DLC under congested traffic with levels of service E and F. The results show that there could be multiple heterogeneous dynamic interaction patterns in a lane‐changing process. A comparison of MLC and DLC demonstrates that MLC involves more intense interactions and more frequent transitions of the interaction network structure, while the evolution rules of interaction patterns in DLC do not exhibit a clear trend. The findings in this study are useful for understanding the connectivity structure between vehicles in lane‐changing interactions and for designing safe and smooth driving decision‐making models for AVs and advanced driver‐assistance systems.
Where is the EXIT? Phenotypic screens for new egress factors in apicomplexan parasites
Authors: Jimenéz‐Ruiz Elena , Li Wei , Meissner Markus
Published: September 2023

Apicomplexans, such as Plasmodium and Toxoplasma are obligate intracellular parasites that invade, replicate and finally EXIT their host cell. During replication within a parasitophorous vacuole (PV), the parasites establish an extensive F‐actin‐containing network that connects individual parasites and is required for material exchange, recycling and the final steps of daughter cell assembly. After multiple rounds of replication, the parasites exit the host cell involving multiple signalling cascades, disassembly of the network, secretion of microneme proteins and activation of the acto‐myosin motor. Blocking the host cell EXIT process leads to the formation of large PVs, making the screening for genes involved in exiting the cell relatively straightforward. Given that apicomplexans are highly diverse from other eukaryotes, approximately 30% of all genes are annotated as hypothetical, some apicomplexan‐specific factors are likely to be critical during EXIT. This motivated several labs to design and perform forward genetic and phenotypic screens using various approaches, such as random insertion mutagenesis, temperature‐sensitive mutants and, more recently, CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated targeted editing and conditional mutagenesis. Here we will provide an overview of the technological developments over recent years and the most successful stories that led to the identification of new critical factors in Toxoplasma gondii.
Comparison of Computer‐Assisted Navigation and 3D Printed Patient‐Specific Template for the Iliosacral Screw Placement
Authors: Wan Yizhou , Xue Peiran , Yue Junyi , Yu Keda , Guo Xiaodong , Chen Kaifang
Published: September 2023

Background

Iliosacral screw insertion by computer‐assisted navigation gradually became the main technique in some hospitals, but the expensive price limited the extensive application. But other techniques such as 3D printed template was used to place iliosacral screw as novel method. This study was to compare the efficiency of percutaneous iliosacral screw placement by using patient‐specific template and computer‐assisted navigation.

Methods

Total of 58 patients from September 2017 to September 2021 with sacral injury were treated operatively with percutaneous screw technique, which was selected for this retrospective analysis and divided into two groups (template and computer‐assisted navigation). There were 31 patients in template group and 27 patients in computer‐assisted navigation group. The surgical details (operation time, blood loss, number of screw placements, and number of fluoroscopies), complications, radiographic and clinical results were recorded. The quality of reduction was assessed by the Matta scoring system. T‐test and rank‐sum test was used in this study.

Results

Operation time in template group was less (33.97 ± 16.61 < 60.31 ± 11.46 min, p < 0.01), but the preoperative preparation time was more (6.35 ± 1.60 > 5.41 ± 1.58, p < 0.05). The quality of reduction in both groups was no difference (p = 0.352). A patient was complicated with gluteal vessel injury in operation in navigation group, which was treated with ligation, but the same injury was not observed in template group. The related surgical data of patient with gluteal injury was ignored in statistical analysis.

Conclusion

Both of the two techniques could improve surgical efficiency, the operation time in template was less than computer‐assisted navigation group, but the preoperative preparation time was more.
Understanding exosomes: Part 1—Characterization, quantification and isolation techniques
Authors: Miron Richard J. , Zhang Yufeng
Published: September 2023

Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with a diameter in the range of 30–150 nm. Their use has gained great momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as diagnostic tools with a vast array of therapeutic applications. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be investigated. This review article first focuses on understanding exosomes, including their cellular origin, biogenesis, function, and characterization. Thereafter, overviews of the quantification methods and isolation techniques are given with discussion over their potential use as novel therapeutics in regenerative medicine.
Antimicrobial effect of platelet‐rich fibrin: A systematic review of in vitro evidence‐based studies
Authors: Moraschini Vittorio , Miron Richard J. , Mourão Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros , Louro Rafael Seabra , Sculean Anton , da Fonseca Luiz Afonso Morgenstern , Calasans Maia Monica Diuana , Shibli Jamil Awad
Published: September 2023

This systematic review (SR) aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different types of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) often used in regenerative treatments. An electronic search was performed in four databases and in Gray literature for articles published until January, 2023. The eligibility criteria comprised in vitro studies that evaluated the antimicrobial effect of different types of PRF. For the analysis of the risk of bias within studies, the modified OHAT (Office of Health Assessment and Translation) tool was used. For the evaluation of the results, a qualitative critical analysis was carried out in the synthesis of the results of the primary studies. Sixteen studies published between 2013 and 2021 were included in this SR. The antimicrobial effects of PRF variations (PRF, injectable PRF [I‐PRF], PRF with silver nanoparticles [agNP‐PRF], and horizontal PRF [H‐PRF]), were analyzed against 16 types of bacteria from the oral, periodontal, and endodontic environments. All types of PRF showed significant antimicrobial action, with the antibacterial efficacy being more expressive than the fungal one. The I‐PRF, H‐PRF, and agNP‐PRF subtypes improve antimicrobial activity. According to the OHAT analysis, no study was classified as having a high risk of bias. Evidence suggests that PRF variations have significant antimicrobial activity, with bacterial action being greater than fungal. Evolutions such as I‐PRF, H‐PRF, and agNP‐PRF improve antimicrobial activity. Future studies analyzing the clinical effect of these platelets are fundamental.

This SR was registered in INPLASY under number INPLASY202340016.
Feedback negativity and feedback‐related P3 in individuals at risk for depression: Comparing surface potentials and current source densities
Authors: Gao Yifan , Panier Lidia Y. X. , Gameroff Marc J. , Auerbach Randy P. , Posner Jonathan , Weissman Myrna M. , Kayser Jürgen
Published: September 2023

Blunted responses to reward feedback have been linked to major depressive disorder (MDD) and depression risk. Using a monetary incentive delay task (win, loss, break‐even), we investigated the impact of family risk for depression and lifetime history of MDD and anxiety disorder with 72‐channel electroencephalograms (EEG) recorded from 29 high‐risk and 32 low‐risk individuals (15–58 years, 30 male). Linked‐mastoid surface potentials (ERPs) and their corresponding reference‐free current source densities (CSDs) were quantified by temporal principal components analysis (PCA). Each PCA solution revealed a midfrontal feedback negativity (FN; peak around 310 ms) and a posterior feedback‐P3 (fb‐P3; 380 ms) as two distinct reward processing stages. Unbiased permutation tests and multilevel modeling of component scores revealed greater FN to loss than win and neutral for all stratification groups, confirming FN sensitivity to valence. Likewise, all groups had greater fb‐P3 to win and loss than neutral, confirming that fb‐P3 indexes motivational salience and allocation of attention. By contrast, group effects were subtle, dependent on data transformation (ERP, CSD), and did not confirm reduced FN or fb‐P3 for at‐risk individuals. Instead, CSD‐based fb‐P3 was overall reduced in individuals with than without MDD history, whereas ERP‐based fb‐P3 was greater for high‐risk individuals than for low‐risk individuals for monetary, but not neutral outcomes. While the present findings do not support blunted reward processing in depression and depression risk, our side‐by‐side comparison underscores how the EEG reference choice affects the characterization of subtle group differences, strongly advocating the use of reference‐free techniques.
Quantifying the partial and general equilibrium effects of sanctions on Russia
Authors: Flach Lisandra , Heiland Inga , Larch Mario , Steininger Marina , Teti Feodora A.
Published: September 2023

This paper evaluates the effects of sanctions on Russia between 2014 and 2019 and the resulting countersanctions. We estimate their impact on trade in a gravity framework, allowing for treatment heterogeneity among pairs and sectors, and use the estimated elasticities in a general equilibrium analysis. We find that the sanctions decreased trade with Russia in key sectors, translating to a loss in real income in Russia by 0.3%. Full decoupling of the EU and its allies from Russia would increase this effect to over 4%. Our results emphasize the role of deep sanctions as a foreign policy instrument and international cooperation.
Children's and adolescents’ evaluations of wealth‐related STEM inequality
Authors: McGuire Luke , Marlow Christina , Hoffman Adam J. , Joy Angelina , Law Fidelia , Hartstone‐Rose Adam , Rutland Adam , Winterbottom Mark , Balkwill Frances , Burns Karen P. , Butler Laurence , Fields Grace , Mulvey Kelly Lynn
Published: September 2023

The fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are rife with inequalities and under‐representation that have their roots in childhood. While researchers have focused on gender and race/ethnicity as two key dimensions of inequality, less attention has been paid to wealth. To this end, and drawing from the Social Reasoning Development approach, we examined children's and adolescents’ perceptions of STEM ability and access to opportunities as a function of wealth, as well as their desire to rectify such inequalities. Participants (n = 234: early childhood, n = 70, mean age = 6.33, SD = .79; middle childhood, n = 92, mean age = 8.90, SD = .83 and early adolescence, n = 62, mean age = 12.00; SD = 1.16) in the U.K. (64% White British) and U.S. (40% White/European American) read about two characters, one high‐wealth and one low‐wealth. In early childhood, participants reported that the high‐wealth character would have greater STEM ability and were just as likely to invite either character to take part in a STEM opportunity. By middle childhood, participants were more likely to report equal STEM abilities for both characters and to seek to rectify inequalities by inviting the low‐wealth character to take part in a STEM opportunity. However, older participants reported that peers would still prefer to invite the high‐wealth character. These findings also varied by ethnic group status, with minority status participants rectifying inequalities at a younger age than majority status participants. Together these findings document that children are aware of STEM inequalities based on wealth and, with age, will increasingly seek to rectify these inequalities.