bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human pluripotent stem cell registry: Operations, role and current directions
Authors: Kurtz Andreas , Mah Nancy , Chen Ying , Fuhr Antonie , Kobold Sabine , Seltmann Stefanie , Müller Sabine C.
Published: May 2022

The human plutiripotent stem cell registry (hPSCreg) is a global database for human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hESC, hiPSC). The publicly accessible Registry (https://hpscreg.eu) was set up to provide a transparent resource of quality‐assessed hPSC lines as well as to increase reproducibility of research and interoperability of data.

Objectives

In this review, we describe the establishment of the Registry and its mission, its development into a knowledgebase for hPSC and the current status of hPSC‐focussed databases. The data categories available in hPSCreg are detailed. In addition, sharing and hurdles to data sharing on a global level are described.

Conclusions

An outlook is provided on the establishment of digital representatives of donors using hybrids of data and hPSC‐based biological models, and how this can also be used to reposition databases as mediators between donors and researchers.
‘Obesities’: Position statement on a complex disease entity with multifaceted drivers
Authors: Yárnoz‐Esquiroz Patricia , Olazarán Laura , Aguas‐Ayesa Maite , Perdomo Carolina M. , García‐Goñi Marta , Silva Camilo , Fernández‐Formoso José Antonio , Escalada Javier , Montecucco Fabrizio , Portincasa Piero , Frühbeck Gema
Published: May 2022

Academic medicine fosters research that moves from discovery to translation, at the same time as promoting education of the next generation of professionals.

In the field of obesity, the supposed integration of knowledge, discovery and translation research to clinical care is being particularly hampered.

The classification of obesity based on the body mass index does not account for several subtypes of obesity.

The lack of a universally shared definition of “obesities” makes it impossible to establish the real burden of the different obesity phenotypes.

The individual's genotype, adipotype, enterotype and microbiota interplays with macronutrient intake, appetite, metabolism and thermogenesis.

Further investigations based on the concept of differently diagnosed “obesities” are required.
Emicizumab state‐of‐the‐art update
Authors: Mahlangu Johnny , Iorio Alfonso , Kenet Gili
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Emicizumab is a bispecific monoclonal antibody developed to address the unmet needs of clotting factor replacement therapy and has become the benchmark for optimal prophylaxis in managing patients with haemophilia A with inhibitors. We describe the emicizumab rollout and pharmacokinetic strategies and their use in paediatric patients.

Methods

The evolving real‐world experience in using emicizumab has confirmed its safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile in paediatric, adolescent and adult patients receiving emicizumab at various prophylactic dosing regimens. The emicizumab current global rollout includes over 100 countries with 29 low to middle‐income countries accessing emicizumab through the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH) Humanitarian Aid Program. The diversity of emicizumab dosing and pharmacokinetic tools such as the Calibra® and the WAPPS‐Hemo platforms make it possible to achieve prophylaxis goals in line with the WFH Haemophilia treatment guidelines recommendations, with minimal drug wastage. The emerging experience from long term clinical trials and long‐term real‐world follow‐up confirm the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic profile of emicizumab in paediatric haemophilia A patients. A few questions, including inhibitor recurrence, concurrent use of emicizumab with various replacement therapies and inhibitor eradication, are being addressed through multiple ongoing clinical studies.

Conclusion

The current global rollout of emicizumab is remarkable, and versatile dosing regimens and evolving pharmacokinetic tools such as the Calibra® and WAPPS‐Hemo platforms make it a treatment choice available also for pharmacokinetic guided personalised treatment. Data from paediatric studies are consistent with those seen in adolescent and adult Haemophilia A.
Effects of genetic vs. environmental quality on condition‐dependent morphological and life history traits in a neriid fly
Authors: Hooper Amy K. , Bonduriansky Russell
Published: May 2022

Condition is assumed to reflect both genes and environment, enabling condition‐dependent signals to reveal genetic quality. However, because the phenotypic effects of variation in genetic quality could be masked by environmental heterogeneity, the contribution of genetic quality to phenotypic variation in fitness‐related traits and condition‐dependent signals remains unclear. We compared effects of ecologically relevant manipulations of environmental quality (nutrient dilution in the larval diet) and genetic quality (one generation of inbreeding) on male and female morphology, life history and reproductive performance in the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. We found that larval diet quality had strong, positive effects on male and female body size, male secondary sexual traits, and aspects of male and female reproductive performance. By contrast, inbreeding had weak effects on most traits, and no trait showed clear and consistent effects of both environmental and genetic quality. Indeed, inbreeding effects on body size and male competitive performance were of opposite sign in rich vs. poor larval diet treatment groups. Our results suggest that environmental quality strongly affects condition, but the effects of genetic quality are subtle and environment‐dependent in this species. These findings raise questions about the genetic architecture of condition and the potential for condition‐dependent traits to function as signals of genetic quality.
Clinical considerations in the surgical management of peri‐implantitis lesions in the esthetic zone
Authors: Monje Alberto , Mesquita Paulo F.
Published: May 2022

Objective

The treatment of peri‐implantitis is commonly associated to soft tissue changes as part of disease resolution. These changes may alter harmony in the esthetic area, and thus may negatively affect patient satisfaction. This technical note presents the key features that may lead to an unsatisfactory esthetic outcome when managing peri‐implantitis in the anterior zone.

Clinical Significance

It is essential to consider four pivotal elements in securing therapeutic success through the resolution of inflammation while maintaining esthetics: (1) patient‐related factors, including patient willingness to treat and the smile line; (2) implant‐related factors that influence implant position; (3) site‐related factors related to defect configuration; and (4) prosthetic‐related factors referred to the prosthetic emergence profile and the type of prosthesis. A comprehensive examination must be carried out preoperatively to assess the impact of the surgical treatment upon the esthetic outcomes.

Conclusion

The clinician must be aware of the key features that condition the esthetic outcome when managing peri‐implantitis.
Self‐induced incipient ‘eclogitization’ of metagranitoids at closed‐system conditions
Authors: Schorn Simon
Published: May 2022

The incipient development of diagnostic high‐pressure assemblages—the ‘eclogitization’—of granitoids, such as plagioclase breakdown and small‐scale formation of garnet and phengite does not require exogenous hydration because unlike dry protoliths like basalt/gabbro or granulite, granitoids
. contain crystallographically bound H2O in biotite. During high‐pressure overprint, partial biotite breakdown causes a localized increase in the chemical potential of H2O (μH2O). Transport of H2O into nearby plagioclase induces the formation of diagnostic eclogite facies assemblages of jadeite–zoisite–K‐feldspar–quartz ± kyanite ± phengite that pervasively replace former cm‐sized plagioclase without requiring the participation of free H2O. Depending on pressure–temperature evolution, similar textures may involve albite instead of jadeite, consistent with the general absence of Na‐clinopyroxene in high‐pressure metagranitoids and kindred gneisses. Plagioclase breakdown may also occur due to simple burial because compression leads to an increase of μH2O, without requiring additional influx of H2O at the texture scale. However, the addition of biotite‐derived H2O into plagioclase sites likely increases reaction rates. In parallel, ∼100‐μm‐thick complementary coronae involving garnet | phengite–quartz develop at former biotite–plagioclase/K‐feldspar interfaces due to the coupled diffusion of FeO–MgO–H2O from biotite towards feldspars and minor CaO in the opposite direction. The reaction textures likely create structural weaknesses and preferential fluid pathways that facilitate further hydration and/or deformation along the prograde path, thereby obliterating the textures. If exogenous H2O is introduced, it is accommodated in phengite growing at the expense of igneous K‐feldspar and possibly in epidote‐group minerals. Upon decompression, such hydrated rocks would dehydrate, thereby favouring fluid‐assisted retrogression and loss of diagnostic eclogite facies assemblages at lower pressure. Whereas the prograde reaction textures are only preserved at closed‐system conditions and in the absence of deformation, they are suggested to commonly form during orogenic metamorphism of granitoids and quartzofeldspathic gneisses that dominate the continental crust in high‐pressure terranes such as the Western Italian Alps and the Western Gneiss Region (Norway).
From Truth‐Telling to Imagining New Possibilities: Listening to Youth, Families, and Communities of Color
Authors: Rivas‐Drake Deborah
Published: May 2022

Every day that people of color are hyper‐surveilled, harmed, threatened, diminished, dehumanized, and disenfranchised is a day absent of racial justice. In my view, this special section illuminates two critically important truths of oppression: First, it shows up physically, psychologically, and socially (e.g., the sequelae of racism), and second, the locus of the cause of the oppression is in institutions and systems. Yet, that is not the whole story. Although we need to continue including the voices and capacities of racially marginalized people in telling the truths of oppression, we also need them to be part of radically re‐imagining those oppressive systems in the first place.
Assessment of the unified model of performance: accuracy of group‐average and individualised alertness predictions
Authors: Priezjev Nikolai V. , Vital‐Lopez Francisco G. , Reifman Jaques
Published: May 2022

To be effective as a key component of fatigue‐management systems, biomathematical models that predict alertness impairment as a function of time of day, sleep history, and caffeine consumption must demonstrate the ability to make accurate predictions across a range of sleep‐loss and caffeine schedules. Here, we assessed the ability of the previously reported unified model of performance (UMP) to predict alertness impairment at the group‐average and individualised levels in a comprehensive set of 12 studies, including 22 sleep and caffeine conditions, for a total of 301 unique subjects. Given sleep and caffeine schedules, the UMP predicted alertness impairment based on the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) for the duration of the schedule. To quantify prediction performance, we computed the root mean square error (RMSE) between model predictions and PVT data, and the fraction of measured PVTs that fell within the models’ prediction intervals (PIs). For the group‐average model predictions, the overall RMSE was 43 ms (range 15–74 ms) and the fraction of PVTs within the PIs was 80% (range 41%–100%). At the individualised level, the UMP could predict alertness for 81% of the subjects, with an overall average RMSE of 64 ms (range 32–147 ms) and fraction of PVTs within the PIs conservatively estimated as 71% (range 41%–100%). Altogether, these results suggest that, for the group‐average model and 81% of the individualised models, in three out of four PVT measurements we cannot distinguish between study data and model predictions.
Paediatric cutaneous mucormycosis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ziaka Maria , Papakonstantinou Eugenia , Vasileiou Efi , Chorafa Elisavet , Antachopoulos Charalampos , Roilides Emmanuel
Published: May 2022

Background

Mucormycosis has emerged as an increasingly important fungal disease for immunocompromised children and neonates, with the cutaneous form being one of its most common presentations.

Methods

We present a cutaneous mucormycosis case in a 10‐year‐old girl and analyse reports of single cases and case series of cutaneous mucormycosis in ≤16‐year‐old patients, recorded in PUBMED from 1953 to 2020, for epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and outcome.

Results

113 cases were enrolled. Median age was 5 years (Interquartile Range [IQR] 10.9), without gender predominance. Underlying conditions were haematologic malignancies/disorders (25.7%), prematurity (23%), solid organ transplantation (3.5%), diabetes mellitus type 1 (4.4%), immunodeficiency and other diseases (14.2%), and no underlying conditions (29.2%). Inoculation occurred through major trauma (12.4%), including surgery and motor vehicle accidents, catheter sites (27.4%), dressings, patches and probes (11.5%), burns and farm‐related accidents (8.8%). Rhizopus spp. was most frequently isolated (43.4%), followed by Lichtheimia corymbifera (9.7%), Saksenaea vasiformis (8%), Mucor and Rhizomucor spp. (5.3% each), other species/combinations (7.2%) and unspecified isolates (21.2%). Surgery was combined with antifungals in 62.8%. Each was performed solely in 27.4% and 6.2%, respectively. Amphotericin B was used in 78% (alone in 55.8% and combined with other antifungals in 22.2%) of the cases. Overall mortality was 26.5%. In regression analysis, prematurity and haematologic malignancies/disorders were associated with increased mortality, whereas combination of antifungals and surgery with improved survival.

Conclusion

Cutaneous mucormycosis mainly affects premature infants and children with haematologic malignancies/disorders. Outcome is improved when active antifungal therapy and surgery are combined.
Gene‐environment interactions in childhood asthma revisited; expanding the interaction concept
Authors: Hernandez‐Pacheco Natalia , Kere Maura , Melén Erik
Published: May 2022

Investigation of gene‐environment interactions (GxE) may provide important insights into the gene regulatory framework in response to environmental factors of relevance for childhood asthma. Over the years, different methodological strategies have been applied, more recently using genome‐wide approaches. The best example to date is the major asthma locus on the 17q12‐21 chromosome region, viral infections, and airway epithelium processes where recent studies have shed much light on mechanisms in childhood asthma. However, there are challenges with the traditional single variant—single exposure interaction models, as they do not encompass the complexity and cumulative effects of multiple exposures or multiple genetic variants. As such, we need to redefine our traditional GxE thinking, and we propose in this review to expand the GxE concept by also evaluating other omics layers, such as epigenetics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. In addition, host factors such as age, gender, and other exposures are very likely to influence GxE effects and need firmly to be considered in future studies.
Indigenous women, multiple violences, and legal activism: Beyond the dichotomy of human rights as “law” and as “ideas for social movements”
Authors: García‐Del Moral Paulina
Published: May 2022

This review interrogates the divide between human rights “as ideas for social movements” and human rights “as law” that permeates the literature on human rights law and gender violence by putting it into conversation with the scholarship on Indigenous women's legal activism against the multiple forms of violence that they face. This divide obscures the ways in which Indigenous women across the Americas have appropriated and re‐signified the discourse and practice of human rights by engaging in formal legal processes at the community, domestic, and supranational levels. I problematize this dichotomy and argue that human rights “as ideas for social movements” and “as law” go hand in hand to challenge the multiple injustices affecting the lives of Indigenous women. This review invites sociologists to consider the experiences of Indigenous women's legal activism and its relationship to colonialism in their analyses of social movement dynamics and it contributes to decentering analyses on legal mobilization that are based on the global North.
On the Deduction of theEPPfrom Labeling*
Authors: Mizuguchi Manabu
Published: May 2022

The present paper examines a recent attempt to deduce the EPP from labeling. Chomsky (2015) argues that the EPP is reducible to Label Weakness. In this paper, I first point out that Label Weakness raises problems that are not faced under the EPP. I then propose that pair‐Merge (i.e. the Merge that yields an asymmetric structure) provides a solution to Label Weakness, claiming that Merge, together with Label Weakness, explains the EPP. I show that the proposal brings theoretically and empirically favorable consequences. Given the proposed analysis, I also argue that externalization is the other side of the EPP, demonstrating that it explains the EPP when a labeling problem is solved and that it reduces parametric variations with the EPP to the peripheries of the computation. This paper argues that Merge plays a key role in language and endorses the Merge‐based language design proposed in the Minimalist Program.
Lower Limb Extension Power is Associated With Slope Walking Joint Loading Mechanics in Older Adults
Authors: Thomsen Peter B. , Aumeier Jacob W. , Wilbur Chelsey A. , Oro Evan G. , Carlson Hunter B. , Christensen Jesse C.
Published: May 2022

Fall-related injuries are associated with muscle weakness and common during slope walking in older adults. However, no study has evaluated the relationship between muscle weakness, measured by maximal lower limb extension power, and older adults’ ability to navigate slope walking for a better understanding of fall prevention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between maximal lower limb extension power and joint mechanics during slope walking. Fifteen healthy older adults were tested. Lower limb extension power was measured using the Leg Extension Power Rig. Kinematic and kinetic analysis was performed during level (0°), incline (10°), and decline (10°) slope walking. Greater maximal lower limb extension power was significantly (p < .050; Cohen’s f2 > 0.35) associated with multiple kinetic and kinematic joint mechanic variables across stance phase of the gait cycle during level, incline, and decline walking. These findings will allow clinicians to better educate patients and develop interventions focused on fall prevention and improving functional mobility in older adults.
Late glacial–Holocene record of Southern Hemisphere westerly wind dynamics from the Falkland Islands, South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Monteath Alistair , Hughes Paul , Cooper Matthew , Groff Dulcinea , Scaife Rob , Hodgson Dominic
Published: May 2022

The Southern Hemisphere westerly wind belt (SHWW) is a major feature of Southern Hemisphere, midlatitude climate that is closely linked with the sequestration and release of CO2 in the Southern Ocean. Past changes in the strength and position of this wind belt are poorly resolved, particularly across the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, a time period associated with fluctuations in atmospheric temperatures and CO2 levels. We used dust geochemistry, particle size measurements, and paleoecological analyses from a peat sequence in the Falkland Islands, South Atlantic Ocean, to describe changes in the SHWW between 16.0 and 6.5 ka (thousands of years before CE 1950). Wind strength was low at ~51°S before and during the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR, 14.9–13.0 ka), intensified between 13.1 and 12.1 ka as atmospheric temperatures increased, and then weakened, reaching a minimum between 12.1 and 10.9 ka during the Early Holocene thermal maximum. Northwesterly air masses became more dominant from 12.0 to 10.2 ka, and wind strength remained low until our record was affected by a storm surge or tsunami ca. 7.8 ka. These data indicate a southward shift in the latitude of the SHWW, from north of 51°S prior to and during the ACR, at ~51°S before the onset of the Holocene, and south of 51°S during the early Holocene thermal maximum. This pattern suggests that the latitude of the SHWW was coupled with atmospheric temperatures through the Pleistocene-Holocene transition.
Kerr–Sen-like Lorentz violating black holes and superradiance phenomena
Authors: Jha Sohan Kumar , Rahaman Anisur
Published: May 2022

A Kerr–Sen-like black hole solution results from Einstein-bumblebee gravity. It contains a Lorentz violating (LV) parameter that enters when the bumblebee field receives vacuum expectation value through a spontaneously breaking of the symmetry of the classical action. The geometrical structure concerning the singularity of this spacetime is studied with reference to the parameters involved in the Kerr–Sen-like metric. We introduce this Einstein-bumblebee modified gravity to probe the role of spontaneous Lorentz violation on the superradiance scattering phenomena and the instability associated with it. We observe that for the low-frequency range of the scalar wave the superradiance scattering gets enhanced when the Lorentz-violating parameter $$\ell $$
ℓ
takes the negative values and it reduces when values of $$\ell $$
ℓ
are positive. The study of the black hole bomb issue reveals that for the negative values of $$\ell $$
ℓ
, the parameter space of the scalar field instability increase prominently, however, for its positive values, it shows a considerable reduction. We also tried to put constraints on the parameters contained in the Kerr–Sen-like black hole by comparing the deformation of the shadow produced by the black hole parameters with the observed deviation from circularity and the angular deviation from the $$M87*$$

M
87

∗

data.
HYDRAULIC AND THERMAL PERFORMANCES OF TREE-LIKE CONVERGENT MICROCHANNEL HEAT SINKS
Authors: LIU FEI , ZHU RONGSHENG , JING DALEI
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a kind of tree-like convergent microchannel heat sink (TCMCHS) and numerically investigates effects of the outlet-to-inlet width ratio [Formula: see text] of the convergent microchannel, the width ratio of the inlet of the daughter microchannel to the outlet of the parent microchannel [Formula: see text] (D-P width ratio), the channel length ratio [Formula: see text], the initial branching number [Formula: see text], and the branching levels [Formula: see text] on the maximum temperature [Formula: see text], the total thermal resistance [Formula: see text], the pressure drop [Formula: see text] and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the TCMCHS with rectangular channel cross-section under the size limitations of fixed total channel volume. The results display that both the maximum temperature and the total thermal resistance drop with the decrease of the outlet-to-inlet width ratio [Formula: see text]; however, the pressure drop [Formula: see text] of TCMCHS first drops and then increases with the rise of the outlet-to-inlet width ratio [Formula: see text]. The different influences of the outlet-to-inlet width ratio [Formula: see text] on the hydraulic and thermal performances lead to first increased and then decreased COP with the growth of the outlet-to-inlet width ratio [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the COP declines with the increasing length ratio [Formula: see text], initial branching number [Formula: see text] and the branching level [Formula: see text], but first rises when [Formula: see text] is small and then declines when [Formula: see text] is large with the rising D-P width ratio [Formula: see text]. The findings of this paper provide a feasible scheme for the improvement of the thermal and hydraulic performances of MCHS by using tree-like convergent microchannel.
Accelerometer Bias and Star Sensor Installation Error Joint Calibration for the SINS/CNS Integrated Navigation System Using Attitude Maneuver
Authors: Ning Xiaolin , Yang Yuqing , Liang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2022

The integrated strap-down inertial navigation system/celestial navigation system (SINS/CNS) is an important autonomous navigation method with effective concealment and high precision. Both accelerometer bias and star sensor installation error are important factors that affect the performance of this navigation system, which need to be calibrated and compensated. A new accelerometer bias and star sensor installation error joint calibration method for the SINS/CNS integrated navigation system is proposed. In this newly proposed method, the installation error of star sensor is augmented to the state vector, and the star vector, nadir angle, horizontal position error and velocity error are used as measurements to calibrate the two errors mentioned above. Simulations show that both accelerometer bias and star sensor installation error can be calibrated effectively.
Key Technology of Internet of Things Middleware and Computer Event Matching Algorithm
Authors: Li Laicun , Bai Rulin
Published: May 2022

In order to solve the problem of complex event pattern in big data and strengthen research on key technologies of the Internet of Things and computer time matching algorithms, this paper studies the problem based on Hadoop clustering algorithm. Firstly, based on the subtype attribute of event type, the maximum value is selected as the final attribute value of the event after weighting the event. Secondly, cluster analysis is conducted on the Internet of Things flow dataset through the relationship between complex events. Finally, the simulation test is carried out on the simulation dataset of complex event relationship, and the simulation test of clustering algorithm comparison is carried out. The experimental results show that the clustering accuracy of different datasets is above 85%, and the clustering accuracy of causality reaches 96.07% when the dataset is 5G. Therefore, the algorithm proposed has high feasibility, good stability, and high speed and effectiveness for complex event processing. This study has certain practical significance for solving the problem of complex event pattern in big data.
Analysis of Pomegranate Dye Coated Titanium Nanotubes Anode for Solar Cell Application
Authors: Thenmozhi P. , Sathya P. , Meyvel S. , Thanappan Subash
Published: May 2022

The titanium nanotube array is termed as titanium nanotubes anode (TNTA). Initially, four samples of TNTA were synthesized using electrochemical anodization method. The titanium nanotube arrays (TNAs) were fixed as anode for dye-sensitized solar cell application. The execution of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is found on natural dyes removed out from natural materials. Then, pomegranate dye was exclusively prepared and coated on TNTA samples. These are very affordable and inexpensive and are abundantly available in India. The dye coated TNTAs were distinguished using UV-viewable spectrophotometer and SEM test for their spectral effects. The natural dye showed a wide-ranging absorption performance peak between 300 and 574 nm for the second sample and 300–572 nm for third sample. Their solar absorption property was studied.
Clinical Characteristics in the Prediction of Posttreatment Survival of Patients with Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Lu Li , Ji Shuqi , Jiang Jing , Yan Yu
Published: May 2022

Objective. To determine the efficacy of clinical characteristics in the prediction of prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods. Clinical data were collected from 3 datasets from TCGA database, including 1680 cases of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, and were analyzed. Patients with ovarian cancer admitted to our hospital in 2016 were retrieved and followed up for prognosis analysis. Results. From the datasets, for

patients
>
75

years old at the time of diagnosis, histologic grade and mutation count were good predictors for disease-free survival, while for

patients
>
50

years old at the time of diagnosis, histologic grade, race, fraction genome altered, and mutation count were good predictors for overall survival. In the patients (

n
=
38

) retrieved from our hospital, the longest dimension of lesion (cm) and body weight at admission were good predictors for overall survival. Conclusions. Those clinical factors, together with the two predictive equations, could be used to comprehensively predict the long-term prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer.
Feasibility Assessment of the Construction of Characteristic Towns in Revolutionary Areas Based on Grey Correlation
Authors: Bi Wei , Wang Guangming , Zhang Meijuan
Published: May 2022

With the gradual acceleration of urban transformation, the characteristic towns in the revolutionary areas have received great attention as a new carrier for the development of new urbanization. It is critical to conduct a thorough and complete evaluation of the unique town project and to take appropriate corresponding measures to ensure the project’s development and success. This study presents the important policy aspects that determine the long-term evolution of characteristic town projects based on a theoretical examination of their construction. Based on this, this study builds and combines the grey relational method to solve the weight of each index under various industry types and then obtains the best model for evaluating characteristics town construction projects. Considering the differences of regions and the focus of industries, this paper constructs the evaluation index system and optimization model of characteristic towns under different industry types and verifies the validity of the model. This model provides a reference for the evaluation and optimization of construction projects of characteristic towns in other regions.
Modeling the Effect of Vaccination and Treatment on the Transmission Dynamics of Hepatitis B Virus and HIV/AIDS Coinfection
Authors: Endashaw Engida Endriyas , Mekonnen Temesgen Tibebu
Published: May 2022

Hepatitis B and HIV/AIDS coinfections are common globally due to their similar mode of transmission. Since HIV infection modifies the course of HBV infection by increasing the rate of chronicity, prolonging HBV viremia, and increasing liver disease-associated deaths, individuals with coinfection of both diseases have a higher tendency of developing cirrhosis of the liver, higher levels of HBV DNA, reduced rate of clearance of the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and more likely to die than an individual with a single infection. This nature of HBV-HIV/AIDS coinfection motivated us to conduct this study. In this paper, we proposed and rigorously analyzed a deterministic mathematical model with the aim of investigating the effect of vaccination against hepatitis B virus and treatment for all infections on the transmission dynamics of HBV-HIV/AIDS coinfection in a population. We proved that the solutions of the submodels and the coinfection model are positive and bounded. The models are studied qualitatively using the stability theory of differential equations, and the effective reproduction numbers of the models are derived using the next generation matrix method. Stability of the equilibria of the submodels and the coinfection model is analyzed using Routh-Hurwitz criteria. The disease-free and endemic equilibria of the submodels and the coinfection model are computed, and both local and global asymptotic stability conditions for those equilibria are discussed. We performed a sensitivity analysis to illustrate the influence of different parameters on the effective reproduction number of HBV-HIV/AIDS coinfection model, and we identified the most sensitive parameters are

ω

B

and

ω

H

, which are the effective contact rates for HBV and HIV transmission, respectively. The numerical simulation of the model is done using MATLAB, and the findings from the simulations are discussed. It is observed that if the vaccination and treatment rates are increased, then the number of individuals susceptible to both infections and HBV-HIV/AIDS coinfection decreases and even falls to zero over time. Hence, it is concluded that vaccination against hepatitis B virus infection, treatment of hepatitis B and HIV/AIDS infections, and HBV-HIV/AIDS infection at the highest possible rate is very essential to control the spread of HBV-HIV/AIDS coinfection as an important public health problem.
Application of Improved Image Restoration Algorithm and Depth Generation in English Intelligent Translation Teaching System
Authors: Ren Li
Published: May 2022

Deep generative technology has seen a lot of success in the speech and image fields, thanks to its vigorous development and widespread application. The goal of this paper is to use the improved image restoration and depth generation algorithms to improve the English intelligent translation teaching system. This will make a bigger difference in the classroom when it comes to teaching intelligent translation in English. To address the problem of data noise, this paper proposes a data augmentation method that can efficiently exploit large-scale monolingual data in semi-supervised scenarios, as well as a data augmentation method that exploits the robustness of statistical machine translation in unsupervised scenarios. The CNN-Dueling-DQN-NMT model outperforms the CNN machine translation baseline model on the WMT14 English-French dataset by 1.92. The BLEU value of the Transformer machine translation baseline model is improved by 1.63 when using the Transformer-Dueling-DQN-NMT model. With a BLEU value of 44.63, the Transformer-Dueling-DQN-NMT model performs best.
10-Year Weight Gain in 13,802 US Adults: The Role of Age, Sex, and Race
Authors: Tucker Larry A. , Parker Kayla
Published: May 2022

Purpose. The primary objective of the present investigation was to identify 10-year weight gain patterns in 13,802 US adults and also to determine the extent that differences in 10-year weight gains were associated with the key demographic variables: age, sex, and race. Methods. The study design was cross-sectional and included the years 2011–2018. Data for 2019–2020 were not available because of COVID. A multistage random sampling strategy was employed. Specifically, individual sample weights and randomly selected clusters and strata were used with each statistical model, allowing the results to be generalized to the US adult population. Results. Mean (±SE) 10-year weight gain was 4.2 ± 0.2 kg or 6.6 ± 0.2% of initial body weight. A total of 51% of the participants gained 5% or more body weight, 36% gained 10% or more, and 16% gained 20% or more across the 10-years. Age was linearly and inversely associated with 10-year weight gain, expressed in kg (F = 166.4,

P
<
0.0001

) or percent weight gain (F = 246.9,

P
<
0.0001

), after adjusting for sex and race. For each 1-year increase in age, 10-year weight gain decreased by 0.20 ± 0.02 kg and 0.28 ± 0.02 percent. After adjusting for age and race, 10-year weight gain (kg) was significantly greater (F = 73.6,

P
<
0.0001

) in women (5.4 ± 0.3) than in men (2.6 ± 0.2). Weight gain also differed across races, kg (F = 27.7,

P
<
0.0001

) and % (F = 28.5,

P
<
0.0001

). Non-Hispanic Blacks gained more weight and NH Asians gained less weight than the other races. Conclusion. Without question, 10-year weight gain is a serious problem within the US adult population. Younger adults, women, and Non-Hispanic Blacks, particularly Black women, seem to experience the highest levels of 10-year weight gain. Consequently, obesity and weight gain prevention programs focusing on these at-risk individuals should be a public health priority.
Few-Shot Multihop Question Answering over Knowledge Base
Authors: Fan Meihao , Zhang Lei , Xiao Siyao , Liang Yuru
Published: May 2022

KBQA is a task that requires to answer questions by using semantic structured information in knowledge base. Previous work in this area has been restricted due to the lack of large semantic parsing dataset and the exponential growth of searching space with the increasing hops of relation paths. In this paper, we propose an efficient pipeline method equipped with a pretrained language model. By adopting beam search algorithm, the searching space will not be restricted in subgraph of 3 hops. Besides, we propose a data generation strategy, which enables our model to generalize well from few training samples. We evaluate our model on an open-domain complex Chinese question answering task CCKS2019 and achieve F1-score of 62.55% on the test dataset. In addition, in order to test the few-shot learning capability of our model, we randomly select 10% of the primary data to train our model, and the result shows that our model can still achieves F1-score of 58.54%, which verifies the capability of our model to process KBQA task and the advantage in few-shot learning.
Role of Adenotonsillectomy and Tonsillectomy in Children with Down Syndrome Who Develop Obstructive Sleep Apnea by Obesity as a Risk Factor
Authors: Ali Khan Imran
Published: May 2022

Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is caused due to the presence of additional chromosome 21 in humans. DS can exist either as free trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), Robertsonian translocated DS, or as mosaic DS. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex condition with serious health implications for pediatric individuals with DS. OSA is common in DS, and when it is present, it appears to be extreme. Obesity and snoring are some of the OSA risk factors for children associated with DS and OSA. Adenotonsillectomy is one of the surgical protocols applied in children, which is useful in lowering the OSA in which obesity is commonly connected within normal and DS children. Tonsillectomy is the alternative procedure of surgery connected with postoperative respiratory complications, and adenotonsillectomy was found to be a safe surgical method in children and improves the quality of life. The main aim of this review is to bridge the gap between the role of OSA in normal children (46, XX/XY) and DS children (47, XX/XY+21) characterized by the presence of chromosomes and exactly what is the involvement with adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy when obesity is a risk factor. The treatment for OSA and obesity is rehabilitative and reversible; however, DS can be managed but not resolved because the disorder occurs from the existence of an extra chromosome during the failure of homologous chromosomal pairing separation during maternal meiosis I. This review concludes that there is a treatment for OSA and obesity and that DS children can be prevented from being obese or experiencing OSA but cannot be turned to normal chromosomes due to an extra trisomy 21. According to this review, children with DS and OSA/OSAS, as well as concomitant complications, can be treated.
Putative Condition-Dependent Viability Selection in Wild-Type Stocks of Drosophila pseudoobscura
Authors: Altindag Ulku H. , Taylor Hannah N. , Shoben Chelsea , Pownall Keeley A. , Stevison Laurie S.
Published: May 2022

Meiotic recombination rates vary in response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Recently, heat stress has been shown to reveal plasticity in recombination rates in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Here, a combination of molecular genotyping and X-linked recessive phenotypic markers were used to investigate differences in recombination rates due to heat stress. In addition, haplotypes from the genetic crosses were compared to test if they deviated from equal proportions, which would indicate viability selection. To avoid this potential bias, SNP genotyping markers overlapping the regions assayed with mutant markers were used to further investigate recombination rate. Interestingly, skews in haplotype frequency were consistent with the fixation of alleles in the wild-type stocks used that are unfit at high temperature. Evidence of viability selection due to heat stress in the wild-type haplotypes was most apparent on days 7–9 when more mutant non-crossover haplotypes were recovered in comparison to wild type (p < 0.0001). Recombination analysis using SNP markers showed days 9–10 as significantly different due to heat stress in 2 pairs of consecutive SNP markers (p = 0.018; p = 0.015), suggesting that during this time period the recombination rate is most sensitive to heat stress. This peak timing for recombination plasticity is consistent with Drosophila melanogaster based on a comparison of similarly timed key meiotic events, enabling future mechanistic work of temperature stress on recombination rate.
A SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Case Manifesting as Extensive Placental Infection and Fetal Transmission
Authors: Shen Wei-Bin , Turan Shifa , Wang Bingbing , Cojocaru Liviu , Harman Christopher , Logue James , Reece E. Albert , Frieman Matthew B. , Yang Peixin
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Studies indicate a very low rate of SARS-CoV-2 detection in the placenta or occasionally a low rate of vertical transmission in COVID-19 pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has become a dominant strain over the world and possesses higher infectivity due to mutations in its spike receptor-binding motif. Case Presentation: To determine whether SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has increased potential for placenta infection and vertical transmission, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the placenta, umbilical cord, and fetal membrane from a case where an unvaccinated mother and her neonate were COVID-19 positive. A 35-year-old primigravida with COVID-19 underwent an emergent cesarean delivery due to placental abruption in the setting of premature rupture of membranes. The neonate tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 within the first 24 h, and then again on days of life 2, 6, 13, and 21. The placenta exhibited intervillositis, increased fibrin deposition, and syncytiotrophoblast necrosis. Sequencing of viral RNA from fixed placental tissue revealed SAR-CoV-2 B.1.167.2 (Delta) variant. Both spike protein and viral RNA were abundantly present in syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, umbilical cord vascular endothelium, and fetal membranes. Conclusion: We report with strong probability the first SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant transplacental transmission. Placental cells exhibited extensive apoptosis, senescence, and ferroptosis after SARS-CoV-2 Delta infection.
A new species of Oecleus (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and a reassessment of the generic status of Nymphomyndus
Authors: BARRANTES EDWIN A. BARRANTES , ECHAVARRIA MARCO A. ZUMBADO , BARTLETT CHARLES R. , HELMICK ERICKA E. , BAHDER BRIAN W.
Published: May 2022

A new species of cixiid planthopper in the genus Oecleus Stål is described from Tortuguero, Limón Province, Costa Rica. This is the first Oecleus species reported from Costa Rica. The new species, Oecleus dormido sp. n., was collected sweeping grassy edge habitat near the Caribbean coast. Sequence data for COI, 18S, and H3 was generated for phylogenetic comparison of the new species with other available Oecleus species and New World Oecleini to test genus-level placement and provide a preliminary examination of the phylogenetic relationships among New World genera of Oecleini. The results indicate that Oecleus, Haplaxius and Myxia are monophyletic, at least among the included taxa, the genera (Myxia+((Nymphocixia+Nymphomyndus)+Haplaxius) may form a clade apart from Oecleus. The monobasic genera Nymphocixia+Nymphomyndus are closely allied, with a difference of 0.98% for 18S, compared to an average of 2.2% among other included oecleine genera. In view of the limited morphological and molecular differences between these genera, we propose Nymphomyndus as a junior synonym of Nymphocixia.
Description of a new species of Laelaspis Berlese (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Brazil, with a key to the species of the Western Hemisphere
Authors: DUARTE ADRIANE DA FONSECA , RUEDA-RAMÍREZ DIANA , DA CUNHA UEMERSON SILVA , MOREIRA GRAZIELLE FURTADO
Published: May 2022

Laelaspis loeckii Duarte & Moreira sp. nov. is described based on the morphology of adult females and males collected from soil in a survey carried out in southern Brazil, in the temperate Pampa biome. This is the first species of this genus described from this country. A key to the species that have so far been reported from the Western Hemisphere is provided.
The rare genera Picacharops Gauld and Sliochia Gauld (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) found in China, with description of two new species
Authors: HAN YUAN-YUAN , ACHTERBERG KEES VAN , CHEN XUE-XIN
Published: May 2022

Two rare genera are newly reported for China: the Australasian Picacharops Gauld, 1984 and the Oriental Sliochia Gauld, 1976. A new species of these two monotypic genera (P. granulosus sp. nov. and S. adustifemur sp. nov., respectively) is described from China and illustrated. Keys to species of both genera are also provided.
Roman walls in English Renaissance writing
Authors: Hopkins Lisa
Published: May 2022

In 1587, an anonymous author proposed to Queen Elizabeth I that Hadrian's Wall should be reconstructed. Elizabeth did not adopt this proposal, but it testifies to a growing interest in the Wall on the part of writers such as Camden, Spenser, Drayton and William Warner. This essay examines ideas about Roman walls in these and other texts, including plays by Christopher Marlowe and Shakespeare's King John, where the city walls of Angers, originally built to protect the city against Germanic invasion in 275 AD and still partially visible, provide an ironic backdrop for the play's animus against Roman Catholicism.
Pace of innovation and speed of small and medium-sized enterprise international expansion
Authors: Hilmersson Mikael , Pourmand Hilmersson Firouze , Chetty Sylvie , Schweizer Roger
Published: May 2022

The literature emphasises that technological advances have enabled firms to expand internationally at accelerated speed. Yet, technological advances are treated as a contextual variable and little is known about how firm-level technological innovations influence the internationalisation speed of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To address this shortcoming, we draw on insights based on capability development theory to establish the effects of innovation timing and pace on SME international expansion speed. We test our conceptual model using a sample of 180 Swedish SMEs and show that the faster the innovation pace, the faster the internationalisation. We then address the boundary conditions of this relationship to show that the elapsed time between a firm’s founding and first innovation negatively moderates the positive effects of its innovation pace. Our findings have theoretical, managerial and policy implications.