bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Large Inputs of Manure and Fertilizer on Nitrogen Mineralization in the Newly Built Solar Greenhouse Soils
Authors: Wang Shichao , Chen Zhujun , Man Jun , Zhou Jianbin
Published: September 2019

In China, greenhouse soils often receive large rates of different manures and have a high content of soil organic matter (SOM). Understanding changes in nitrogen (N) mineralization in soils of newly built greenhouses after their construction is important for managing N. Soil samples were obtained from solar greenhouses of different ages (0, 1, 2, and 3 years) located in the south edge of the Loess Plateau, China, at 0- to 20- and 20- to 40-cm depth. N mineralization in the soils was measured with the Stanford and Smith long-term aerobic incubation method over 30 weeks. SOM, total N, and the mineralized N in the 0- to 20-cm and 20- to 40-cm soil layers were significantly increased in the older greenhouses. The cumulative mineralized N in the 0- to 20-cm soil layer in different cultivation years was increased in each year since the greenhouses were established. For the greenhouses with the same age, the cumulative mineralized N in the 0- to 20-cm soil layer was greater than that in the 20- to 40-cm layer. The potentially mineralizable N (N0) both in the 0- to 20-cm and the 20- to 40-cm soil layers increased with the greenhouses’ age. Regression analysis indicated that when SOM increased 1 g·kg−1, N0 in the 0- to 20-cm and 20- to 40-cm depth increased 22.6 and 8.4 mg·kg−1, respectively. Therefore, as the N supply in soil increases with the age of the solar greenhouse, we suggest that the application rates of manure and synthetic fertilizer be reduced.
Differential Protein Analysis of Pecan Hardwood Cuttings
Authors: Cao Fan , Wang Xinwang , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Li Yongrong , Peng Fangren
Published: September 2019

Pecan cuttings are difficult for rooting. This study describes the pecan hardwood rooting process based on anatomic characteristics to understand root formation mechanisms of pecan cuttings. The expressed proteins of different periods during the adventitious rooting process of pecan seedling hardwood cuttings were identified and analyzed to evaluate the rooting mechanism. The expressed proteins of pecan cutting seedlings were also compared with other cultivar cuttings during the rooting period. Pecan seedling cuttings were developed at different air and substrate temperatures to induce root formation. Adventitious root formation of pecan hardwood cuttings was described, and the phloem at the base of the prepared cuttings was selected as the sample for the differential protein analysis. The results showed that adventitious root formation of pecan hardwood cuttings was the only product of callus differentiation, which originated from the cells of the cambium or vascular ray parenchyma. Such adventitious root primordia were developed from those calluses that formed the regenerative structure, and the expressed proteins during the adventitious rooting of pecan hardwood cutting were identified and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight–mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to evaluate the rooting mechanism. Eight differentially expressed proteins were found in the rooting periods, and 15 differential proteins were found by comparing pecan cutting types, which were analyzed by peptide mass fingerprinting homology. The results show that the primordial cells were differentiated from the meristematic cells. Furthermore, the differentially expressed proteins contained energy metabolism proteins, adversity stress proteins, and signal transmission proteins. The energy metabolism-related proteins were adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, photosynthesis-related proteins, and enolase. The adversity-stress proteins containing heat shock-related proteins and signal transmission proteins were mainly cytochrome enzymes and heme-binding proteins. Adventitious root formation of pecan cultivar hardwood cuttings was difficult. More trials should be performed from the potential aspects of high defensive protection and phloem morphologic structure.
Root Pruning and Auxin Alter Root Morphology of Hickories
Authors: Miller Brandon M. , Graves William R.
Published: September 2019

A reputation for coarse root systems with dominant taproots, and for slow shoot development among seedlings, limits use of hickory species (Carya Nutt.) that could increase diversity in managed landscapes. We examined effects of root pruning and application of auxin on root and shoot development of seedlings of several species of hickory. Our hypothesis was that pruning the radicle shortly after seed germination and subsequent treatment with auxin would increase root branching without curtailing development of the shoot. Germinated seeds of Carya aquatica (F. Michx.) Nutt., Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, Carya laciniosa (F. Michx.) Loudon, Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch, and Carya tomentosa (Lam.) Nutt. were treated by removing two-thirds of the length of the radicle with and without immediate application of 3000 mg·L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) via Hormex rooting powder #3 to the remaining one-third of radicle. Neither treatment altered stem height, stem caliper, or root dry weight. After 75 days, root-pruned seedlings of Carya ovata without auxin had 42% fewer fibrous first-order lateral roots than did unpruned controls. Root pruning plus auxin led to a 79% increase in the number of fibrous first-order lateral roots of C. laciniosa and an ≈50% increase in the shoot dry weight of C. aquatica. Both root pruning and root pruning plus auxin evoked formation of taproot branches for all species. Because species differed in responses of root and shoot systems to root pruning with and without auxin, the practice should be implemented cautiously based on the species.
Genotypic Variation in and Environmental Variance Components of Sugar Composition in Japanese Pear Fruit
Authors: Saito Toshihiro , Takada Norio , Kato Hidenori , Terakami Shingo , Nishio Sogo
Published: September 2019

Genotypic variations in and environmental variance components of the total sugar content (TSC) and sugar composition, including sucrose (SUC), fructose (FRU), glucose (GLU), and sorbitol (SOR), in the fruit juice of 13 Japanese pear cultivars were analyzed. The TSC of ‘Kanta’ and TSC of ‘Hoshiakari’ were high (both >14.5 g/100 mL). The contents of SUC and FRU were higher than those of the other sugars. The SUC contents were ranked as follows: ‘Gold Nijisseiki’, 7.3 g/100 mL; ‘Shuurei’, 6.2 g/100 mL; and ‘Akizuki’, 6.1 g/100 mL. The FRU content in ‘Kanta’ was the highest among all monomeric sugars evaluated (6.8 g/100 mL). These results suggest that ‘Kanta’ is superior in terms of both TSC and sugar composition, which determine sweetness. The yearly environmental variance components were negligible for all traits. The genotype × year ranged from 4.4% to 13.7% of the total variance. Within-tree variance was 17.1% for TSC, whereas that for the sugar composition ranged from 1.4% to 6.1%. The tree × year ranged from 2.7% to 7.4%. Variance among fruits within trees was the largest environmental variance component—except for FRU—and ranged from 8.8% to 35.6%. Broad-sense heritability (hB2) values based on single tree, single year, and single fruit measurements were 0.33, 0.64, 0.69, 0.71, and 0.76 for TSC, SUC, FRU, GLU, and SOR, respectively. These results suggest that it would be easier to estimate genetic differences in sugar components with a higher level of precision than those in TSC. Increasing the fruit number up to five, in combination with yearly repetition increased to two (without tree repetition), significantly increased the hB2 of all traits undergoing study. The information obtained during this study will be useful for improving the accuracy of phenotypic selection and future genomic-based breeding studies performed to improve the sweetness of Japanese pear fruits.
Controlled Environment Food Production for Urban Agriculture
Authors: Gómez Celina , Currey Christopher J. , Dickson Ryan W. , Kim Hye-Ji , Hernández Ricardo , Sabeh Nadia C. , Raudales Rosa E. , Brumfield Robin G. , Laury-Shaw Angela , Wilke Adam K. , Lopez Roberto G. , Burnett Stephanie E.
Published: September 2019

The recent increased market demand for locally grown produce is generating interest in the application of techniques developed for controlled environment agriculture (CEA) to urban agriculture (UA). Controlled environments have great potential to revolutionize urban food systems, as they offer unique opportunities for year-round production, optimizing resource-use efficiency, and for helping to overcome significant challenges associated with the high costs of production in urban settings. For urban growers to benefit from CEA, results from studies evaluating the application of controlled environments for commercial food production should be considered. This review includes a discussion of current and potential applications of CEA for UA, references discussing appropriate methods for selecting and controlling the physical plant production environment, resource management strategies, considerations to improve economic viability, opportunities to address food safety concerns, and the potential social benefits from applying CEA techniques to UA. Author’s viewpoints about the future of CEA for urban food production are presented at the end of this review.
Comparative Evaluation of Sonicated Shrimp Waste Hydrolysates as Potential Fertilizers for Legumes
Authors: Rojas John , Quintero Julian , Ciro Yhors , Silva Javier
Published: September 2019

The global annual production of shrimp is nearly 4.8 million metric tons, generating almost half this weight in waste. The aim of this study was to assess the development and crop production of legumes fertilized with alkaline sonicated shrimp waste under greenhouse conditions. Plants were grown separately under the following fertilization regimes: untreated soil, untreated cotton substrate, two commercial fertilizers [commercial organic fertilizer (COF) and commercial synthetic fertilizer (CSF)], and shrimp waste having hydrolysis degrees of 0%, 15%, 18%, and 25%. Electrical conductivity of shrimp-based fertilizers (SBFs) decreased with hydrolysis degree. However, pH (6.7–6.9), densification (0.2–0.3 g·cm–3) and conductivity (10–21 µS·cm–1) of soil was unaffected by fertilization. Furthermore, CSF had the greatest ionic exchange capability. Sonolysis resulted in an assimilable source of C, N, and O, mainly derived from carbohydrates and proteins, and increased the availability of minerals such as Ca and phosphate. The greatest plant growth in both legumes was achieved when treated with CSF, whereas the raw shrimp waste caused a beneficial plant growth and crop yield mainly for Phaseolus vulgaris. All fertilizers showed typical type II isotherms, and soil substrate per se exhibited the largest water uptake. The soil microbiota increased during the growing cycle and then decreased as the reproductive phase started. In fact, soil planted with Phaseolus vulgaris showed a greater microbial population than Pisium sativum. These shrimp waste hydrolysates can be used as alternative organic soil fertilizers and are suggested as substitutes for synthetic fertilizers.
Nutrient Solutions and Drought in Plant Growth and Fructans Content of Agave potatorum Zucc
Authors: Langlé-Argüello Lucia Armin , Martínez-Gutiérrez Gabino Alberto , Santiago-García Patricia Araceli , Escamirosa-Tinoco Cirenio , Morales Isidro , Enríquez-del-Valle José Raymundo
Published: September 2019

The Agave potatorum Zucc. is a wild species endemic to Oaxaca and Puebla, Mexico. The stem or “head” of the plants of this species contains a large amount of fructans, which, in conjunction with their crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), helps the agave to survive droughts. The soluble carbohydrates are used to produce mezcal. The objective was to evaluate growth and content of fructans of A. potatorum young plants grown in soil and perlite substrate, fertigated with three nutrient solutions, and subjected to drought. Eight-month-old plants were used and, for 15 months, were fertigated with nutrient solutions: 1) Steiner, 2) Hoagland and Arnon, and 3) Urrestarazu. Irrigation was later suspended to simulate a 5-month drought and induce stress. During fertigation, the vegetative growth was greater in plants irrigated with Hoagland and Arnon and Urrestarazu solutions in perlite and in soil. After the period of water deficit stress, plants in perlite substrate fertigated with the Hoagland and Arnon solution accumulated more fructans in the heads, reaching a maximum of 75%, than plants in soil substrate (42%).
Abrasive Grit Application in Organic Red Pepper: An Opportunity for Integrating Nitrogen and Weed Management
Authors: Braun Emily E. , Lovell Sarah Taylor , Babadoost Mohammad , Forcella Frank , Clay Sharon , Humburg Daniel , Wortman Sam E.
Published: September 2019

Weeds are a top management concern among organic vegetable growers. Abrasive weeding is a nonchemical tactic using air-propelled abrasive grit to destroy weed seedlings within crop rows. Many grit types are effective, but if organic fertilizers are used, this could integrate weed and nutrient management in a single field pass. Our objective was to quantify the effects of abrasive grit and mulch type on weed suppression, disease severity, soil nitrogen availability, and yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ‘Carmen’). A 2-year experiment was conducted in organic red sweet pepper at Urbana, IL, with four replicates of five abrasive grit treatments (walnut shell grits, soybean meal fertilizer, composted turkey litter fertilizer, a weedy control, and a weed-free control) and four mulch treatments (straw mulch, bioplastic film, polyethylene plastic film, and a bare soil control). Abrasive weeding, regardless of grit type, paired with bioplastic or polyethylene plastic mulch reduced in-row weed density (67 and 87%, respectively) and biomass (81 and 84%); however there was no significant benefit when paired with straw mulch or bare ground. Despite the addition of 6 to 34 kg N/ha/yr through the application of soybean meal and composted turkey litter grits, simulated plant N uptake was most influenced by mulch composition (e.g., plastic vs. straw) and weed abundance. Nitrogen immobilization in straw mulch plots reduced leaf greenness, plant height, and yield. Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria) was confirmed on peppers in both years, but abrasive weeding did not increase severity of the disease. Pepper yield was always greatest in the weed-free control and lowest in straw mulch and bare soil, but the combination of abrasive weeding (regardless of grit type) and bioplastic or polyethylene plastic mulch increased marketable yield by 47% and 21%, respectively, compared with the weedy control. Overall, results demonstrate that when abrasive weeding is paired with bioplastic or polyethylene mulch, growers can concurrently suppress weeds and increase crop N uptake for greater yields.
Changes of Morphological and Biochemical Properties in Organically Grown Zucchini Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Authors: Uddain Jasim , Tripti Sanzida Islam , Jahan Mohammad Shah , Sultana Nasrin , Rahman Md Jahedur , Subramaniam Sreeramanan
Published: September 2019

The present research was undertaken with the aim of justifying the effect of morphological, physiological, and nutritional properties in organically produced zucchini squash. The experiment consisted of two factors: three levels of pruning (P0 = no pruning, P1 = primary pruning at 20 days after transplanting (DAT), and P2 = secondary pruning at 30 DAT) and four levels of vermicompost application (V0 = control, V1 = 5 t/ha, V2 = 10 t/ha, and V3 = 15 t/ha). The results demonstrated that morphological parameters, reproductive components, and yield and proximate compositions were significant differences among the treatments. Increased male and female flower production were recorded from primary pruning with 10 t/ha vermicompost treatment plots compared with control treatments. Finally, increased fruit number, individual fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, total yield, carbohydrate, protein, crude fat, fiber, and ash were reported from the same treatment combination (P1V2). Taken together, 10 t/ha vermicompost with primary pruning appear to provide maximum output in terms of yield and nutrient value compared with other treatments.
Modeling the Relationship of Tomato Yield Parameters with Deficit Irrigation at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Jiang Xuelian , Zhao Yueling , Wang Rui , Zhao Sheng
Published: September 2019

Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to investigate quantitative relationships between tomato yield parameters and deficit irrigation at different growth stages. Tomato plants received one of three irrigation treatments (full irrigation, 2/3, and 1/3 full irrigation) at flowering and fruit development (stage 2) and at fruit maturation (stage 3); no deficit irrigation treatments were applied at stage 1 during either season. We used linear regression to investigate how well the yield parameters such as whole-plant yield (Y), single-fruit weight (y), fruit diameter (D), and length (L) were correlated with seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) under different deficit irrigation treatments. Six water–yield models (Blank, Jensen, Singh, Stewart, Minhas, and Rao models) were used to predict the tomato yield parameters with deficit irrigation at different growth stages. The results showed that deficit irrigation at each growth stage significantly decreased ET, Y, y, L, and D, but not T1 (2/3 full irrigation at flowering and fruit development). T1 produced higher water use efficiency (WUE) with no significant decrease in yield parameters, indicating that an acceptable balance between high WUE and yield can be obtained with an appropriate water deficit at stage 2. Relative Y, y, D, and L increased linearly as relative seasonal ET increased. Water deficit sensitivity indexes calculated by the six different water–yield models showed that Y, y, D, and L were more sensitive to water deficit at stage 2 than at stage 3. The values of Y calculated by the Minhas and Singh models were similar to the observed values. The Minhas model provided good estimates of L and D, and the Blank model is recommended for calculating y when there is a water deficit at different growth stages. The water–yield models can be used to optimize irrigation water management and provide a sound basis for efficient tomato production.
Effect of Riboflavin on the Precocious Maturation of Spine Grape Berries (Vitis davidii Foex)
Authors: Zhu Mingtao , Yu Jun , Wu Sheng , Wang Meijun , Yang Guoshun
Published: September 2019

Spine grape (Vitis davidii Foex) is an important wild plant species in South China. To provide economical and environmentally safe ways to promote the precocious maturation of spine grape berries, the effects of riboflavin were investigated. Riboflavin affected the reactive oxygen species metabolism in spine grape berries by increasing superoxide radical production and the hydrogen peroxide content, and it impaired the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Riboflavin also induced the upregulated expression of maturation-related genes in advance, and the earlier accumulation of anthocyanin and total soluble solids. Phenological observations revealed that the treated grape berries underwent a color-turning stage 9 days earlier than the control, and the maturation stage occurred 7 days earlier than the control. Thus, riboflavin may significantly promote the precocious maturation of spine grape berries.
Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis in Avocado: The Challenge of a Slow-maturing Horticultural Tree Crop
Authors: Ashworth Vanessa E.T.M. , Chen Haofeng , Calderón-Vázquez Carlos L. , Arpaia Mary Lu , Kuhn David N. , Durbin Mary L. , Tommasini Livia , Deyett Elizabeth , Jia Zhenyu , Clegg Michael T. , Rolshausen Philippe E.
Published: September 2019

The glossy, green-fleshed fruit of the avocado (Persea americana) has been the object of human selection for thousands of years. Recent interest in healthy nutrition has singled out the avocado as an excellent source of several phytonutrients. Yet as a sizeable, slow-maturing tree crop, it has been largely neglected by genetic studies, owing to a long breeding cycle and costly field trials. We use a small, replicated experimental population of 50 progeny, grown at two locations in two successive years, to explore the feasibility of developing a dense genetic linkage map and to implement quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for seven phenotypic traits. Additionally, we test the utility of candidate-gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms developed to genes from biosynthetic pathways of phytonutrients beneficial to human health. The resulting linkage map consisted of 1346 markers (1044.7 cM) distributed across 12 linkage groups. Numerous markers on Linkage Group 10 were associated with a QTL for flowering type. One marker on Linkage Group 1 tracked a QTL for β-sitosterol content of the fruit. A region on Linkage Group 3 tracked vitamin E (α-tocopherol) content of the fruit, and several markers were stable across both locations and study years. We argue that the pursuit of linkage mapping and QTL analysis is worthwhile, even when population size is small.
Morphological and Physiological Responses of Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass to Waterlogging Stress
Authors: Xiao Bo , Jespersen David
Published: September 2019

Turfgrasses have varying tolerance to waterlogging conditions. The objective of this study was to identify important root traits and physiological responses to waterlogging stress in seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) and bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.). After being exposed to waterlogging conditions for 28 days, turf quality, leaf photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance (gS), and root fresh weight were significantly decreased in bermudagrass, and root lipid peroxidation was significantly increased. However, seashore paspalum was found to be more tolerant to waterlogging conditions and changes in turf quality, photosynthesis, or lipid peroxidation were not seen. The waterlogging treatments increased specific root length (SRL), surface area, and volume and decreased root respiration and diameter to a greater extent in seashore paspalum compared with bermudagrass. Under waterlogging conditions, root aerenchyma formation was found in both seashore paspalum and bermudagrass, but to a greater extent in seashore paspalum. Both grasses exhibited significant increases in root water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) but to a lesser extent in seashore paspalum than in bermudagrass. Shoot WSC remained unchanged in seashore paspalum but was significantly increased in bermudagrass. These results indicate greater root morphological changes such as root volume, SRL, and root porosity, as well as lower root respiration may be important contributors to waterlogging tolerance for seashore paspalum.
Total Lactic Acid Bacteria, Antioxidant Activity, and Acceptance of Herbal Soyghurt with Addition of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var Rubrum)
Authors: Rustanti Ninik , Prasetyo Agung Dwi
Published: September 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of red ginger on total lactic acid bacteria, antioxidant activity and acceptance of herbal soyghurt. This study used the addition of red ginger concentration of 0%, 2% and 4% in soyghurt. The total lactic acid bacteria were calculated using Total Plate Count (TPC) method and antioxidant activity test was analyzed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The acceptance testing was performed by hedonic test. The addition of red ginger affected antioxidant activity and acceptance test in terms of taste, flavor, and color. The highest antioxidant activity in soyghurt with 4% red ginger is 11.36 ± 1.73%. The addition of red ginger has no effect on the total lactic acid bacteria and soyghurt texture. Soyghurt with 2% red ginger is the best of the acceptance test. It has an antioxidant activity of 10.68 ± 1.13%, and the total lactic acid bacteria 5.00 ± 5.29 x 1016 CFU/ml.
Comparation of Antihypertensive Effect of Goldenberry, Cucumber, and Combination Juice Against Systolic Blood Pressure on Rats Induced 8% NaCl
Authors: Husna Fiki , Damayanti Amilia Yuni , Sari Dianti Desita
Published: September 2019

This study was a true experimental study using the randomized controlled group method with a pre-post test design. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups (5 rats/group): K (+) Captopril 0,45 mg/200 g BW, goldenberry juice 1,8 ml/200 g BW (P1), cucumber juice 1,8 ml/200 g BW (P2), and 1,8 ml/200 g BW (P3, combination juice 50%:50%). Systolic blood pressure measured by blood pressure analyzer with the tail-cuff method. The result of systolic blood pressure analyzed by Paired t-Test to determine the mean difference of systolic blood pressure before and after 8% NaCl induction. One Way ANOVA test followed by Post Hoc Duncan to determine the mean difference of systolic blood pressure between groups. Goldenberry, cucumber, and combination juice have a significant effect of reducing systolic blood pressure in hypertension with p = 0,000 (<0,05). Goldenberry juice was the most effectively on reducing systolic blood pressure in hypertension with 42.21%.
Multivariate and multi-scale generator based on non-parametric stochastic algorithms
Authors: Marković Đurica , Ilić Siniša , Pavlović Dragutin , Plavšić Jasna , Ilich Nesa
Published: September 2019

A method for generating combined multivariate time series at multiple locations and at different time scales is presented. The procedure is based on three steps: first, the Monte Carlo method generation of data with statistical properties as close as possible to the observed series; second, the rearrangement of the order of simulated data in the series to achieve target correlations; and third, the permutation of series for correlation adjustment between consecutive years. The method is non-parametric and retains, to a satisfactory degree, the properties of the observed time series at the selected simulation time scale and at coarser time scales. The new approach is tested on two case studies, where it is applied to the log-transformed streamflow and precipitation at weekly and monthly time scales. Special attention is given to the extrapolation of non-parametric cumulative frequency distributions in their tail zones. The results show a good agreement of stochastic properties between the simulated and observed data. For example, for one of the case studies, the average relative errors of the observed and simulated weekly precipitation and streamflow statistics (up to skewness coefficient) are in the range of 0.1–9.2% and 0–5.4%, respectively.
Avaliação do potencial bioindicador de Alchornea glandulosa no monitoramento da poluição atmosférica
Authors: Dos Santos Gabriela Santos , Dos Santos Murylu Dias , De Melo Júnior João Carlos Ferreira , Bonatti-Chaves Mariane , Da Silva Mouga Denise Monique Dubet , Gumboski Emerson Luiz
Published: September 2019

Poluentes atmosféricos são precursores de alterações estruturais nos vegetais, reduzindo sua capacidade fotossintética. Por meio do método de biomonitoramento passivo, o presente estudo avaliou o efeito de material particulado depositado sobre as folhas de populações de Alchornea glandulosa (Euphorbiaceae) localizadas em quatro pontos amostrais no município de Joinville (SC, Brasil). Em cada ponto, selecionaram-se cinco indivíduos amostrais, dos quais foram coletadas folhas completamente expandidas para a mensuração de atributos funcionais morfoanatômicos e do material particulado. As médias dos atributos foram comparadas por Anova. Observou-se maior quantidade de material particulado depositado sobre as folhas nos indivíduos do ponto situado nas imediações de indústrias emissoras de poluentes atmosféricos. Todos os atributos biológicos diferiram estatisticamente entre os pontos, com evidente redução da área foliar, conteúdo de água e tecidos fotossintetizantes nas folhas dos indivíduos presentes no ponto com maior concentração de material particulado. A área específica foliar mostrou que os indivíduos do ponto controle investem mais em produção fotossintética, enquanto os indivíduos do ponto mais poluído investem na manutenção da folha. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a poluição atmosférica exerce influência no desenvolvimento foliar de A. glandulosa, causando-lhe injúrias e destacando-a como espécie sensível à poluição e, portanto, boa bioindicadora em sistemas de biomonitoramento da qualidade ambiental.
Caracterização polínica de espécies ornamentais
Authors: Aparecida de Souza Caroline , Pfundner Pamela , Schroeder Gabriel Da Rosa , Vieira Júnior Nilton Paulo , Dec Enderlei , Da Silva Mouga Denise Monique Dubet
Published: September 2019

A morfologia polínica descrita para plantas ornamentais é escassa. Visando à caracterização palinológica, o presente trabalho analisa os grãos de pólen das espécies Asparagus setaceus, Etlingera elatior, Dianthus chinensis, Ipomoea horsfalliae, Callianthe darwinii, Galphimia gracilis, Schizocentron elegans e Fuchsia regia subsp. serrae. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolisados, montados em lâminas, observados, medidos e fotografados em microscópio de luz e em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Foram calculados os valores médios da espessura da exina, do diâmetro polar e do diâmetro equatorial de 25 grãos para cada espécie. A descrição fez-se pelas aberturas, âmbito, forma, simetria, unidade polínica, ornamentação e polaridade. Os grãos de todas as espécies são mônades, com simetria radial (A. setaceus, simetria bilateral), pantoaperturados (D. chinensis e I. horsfalliae), triporados (C. darwinii), tri e tetraporados (F. regia subsp. serrae), tritetracolporados (G. gracilis), tricolporados (S. elegans), inaperturados (E. elatior), isopolares (A. setaceus, heteropolares; I. horsfalliae, E. eliator, apolares), de tamanho médio (I. horsfalliae, C. darwinii, F. regia subsp. serrae, E. elatior, grande; G. gracilis e S. elegans, pequeno) e forma prolato-esferoidal (I. horsfalliae, esferoidal; F. regia subsp. serrae, peroblato). A exina variou entre microequinada, equinada, reticulada, escabrada, psilada, perfurada e microperfurada. Os dados obtidos constituem uma contribuição à caracterização morfológica dos táxons.
Pilot Testing A Breast Cancer Self-Management Support mHealth Application in Taiwan (Part 2): A Quantitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hou I-Ching , Tsai Pei-Yu , Shen Shan-Hsiang , Chang King-Jen , Tai Hao-Chih , Huang Yu-Wei , Wu Ming-Hsun , Tsai Ai-Chen , Lan Min-Fang , Dykes Patricia C.
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer has a high incidence rate among women in Taiwan and worldwide. Advanced surgery and medical therapies have improved survival rates. Today, smartphones are popular and can be used to develop ubiquitous technology for disease self-management and to maintain patients’ quality of life. In Taiwan, a mobile health self-management support app with eight main features was developed to address breast cancer women’s information needs based on prior research using a design thinking approach.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to pilot test Taiwan breast cancer women’s acceptance of the app.

METHODS

An instrument with confirmed reliability and validity based on the modified technology acceptance model for mobile services and aesthetics preference of interface icons was used. Women with breast cancer were recruited to participate in the pilot test workshop and then answer survey questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient method was used to analyze the data.

RESULTS

A total of 45 women participated the study. They were mostly aged 41-50(40%, 18/45), bachelor’s degree or equivalent (54.4%, 29/45), married (66.7%, 30/45), stage II breast cancer (37.8%, 17/45), had completed treatment (55.6%, 25/45) and received surgical treatment (93.3%, 42/45). The highest mean scores of user acceptance factors rated on the 5-point Likert scale was perceived ease of use (4.14, SD=0.42), followed by actual use (4.12, SD=0.57), perceived value (4.07, SD=0.62), user satisfaction (4.01, SD=0.51), intention to use (3.89, SD=0.58), and the lowest mean score was trust (3.89, SD=0.58). The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient indicated positive associations between each factor and statistically significant correlations (p value <0.05). Seven of eight interface feature icons in original app were favored over alternative icon options.

CONCLUSIONS

This study developed a smartphone app to predict Taiwan breast cancer women’s acceptance of mobile health technology for supporting disease self-management. The results suggest that patients positively accepted the app and would like it to be available in the future. However, data security and individual privacy protection features should be enhanced to increase users’ trust. In addition, the design of most interface icons was accepted by the participants which is consistent with their perceived ease of use of the app.
Detecting Lung Cancer Trends by Leveraging Real-World and Internet-Based Data: Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Authors: Xu Chenjie , Yang Hongxi , Sun Li , Cao Xinxi , Hou Yabing , Cai Qiliang , Jia Peng , Wang Yaogang
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Internet search data on health-related terms can reflect people’s concerns about their health status in near real time, and hence serve as a supplementary metric of disease characteristics. However, studies using internet search data to monitor and predict chronic diseases at a geographically finer state-level scale are sparse.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore the associations of internet search volumes for lung cancer with published cancer incidence and mortality data in the United States.

METHODS

We used Google relative search volumes, which represent the search frequency of specific search terms in Google. We performed cross-sectional analyses of the original and disease metrics at both national and state levels. A smoothed time series of relative search volumes was created to eliminate the effects of irregular changes on the search frequencies and obtain the long-term trends of search volumes for lung cancer at both the national and state levels. We also performed analyses of decomposed Google relative search volume data and disease metrics at the national and state levels.

RESULTS

The monthly trends of lung cancer-related internet hits were consistent with the trends of reported lung cancer rates at the national level. Ohio had the highest frequency for lung cancer-related search terms. At the state level, the relative search volume was significantly correlated with lung cancer incidence rates in 42 states, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.58 in Virginia to 0.94 in Oregon. Relative search volume was also significantly correlated with mortality in 47 states, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.58 in Oklahoma to 0.94 in North Carolina. Both the incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer were correlated with decomposed relative search volumes in all states excluding Vermont.

CONCLUSIONS

Internet search behaviors could reflect public awareness of lung cancer. Research on internet search behaviors could be a novel and timely approach to monitor and estimate the prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of a broader range of cancers and even more health issues.
Discrepancies in Written Versus Calculated Durations in Opioid Prescriptions: Pre-Post Study (Preprint)
Authors: Slovis Benjamin H , Kairys John , Babula Bracken , Girondo Melanie , Martino Cara , Roke Lindsey M , Riggio Jeffrey
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic. Long-term use of opioid medications is associated with an increased risk of dependence. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention makes specific recommendations regarding opioid prescribing, including that prescription quantities should not exceed the intended duration of treatment.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to determine if opioid prescription quantities written at our institution exceed intended duration of treatment and whether enhancements to our electronic health record system improved any discrepancies.

METHODS

We examined the opioid prescriptions written at our institution for a 22-month period. We examined the duration of treatment documented in the prescription itself and calculated a duration based on the quantity of tablets and doses per day. We determined whether requiring documentation of the prescription duration affected these outcomes.

RESULTS

We reviewed 72,314 opioid prescriptions, of which 16.96% had a calculated duration that was greater than what was documented in the prescription. Making the duration a required field significantly reduced this discrepancy (17.95% vs 16.21%, P<.001) but did not eliminate it.

CONCLUSIONS

Health information technology vendors should develop tools that, by default, accurately represent prescription durations and/or modify doses and quantities dispensed based on provider-entered durations. This would potentially reduce unintended prolonged opioid use and reduce the potential for long-term dependence.
Juvenile localized scleroderma: clinical picture, diagnosis, therapeutic update (literature review and own observations)
Authors: Bogmat L.F. , Nikonova V.V.
Published: September 2019

Among rheumatic diseases in children, a special place belongs to juvenile localized scleroderma, which is highlighted as a separate form in the structure of scleroderma diseases and is characterized by: the onset of the disease up to 16 years, skin lesions, often focal or linear (hemiforma), a tendency to form contractures and the development of limbs abnormalities. This form of the disease is characterized by damage to the skin mainly involving the surrounding muscles. The cause of juvenile localized scleroderma is unclear. Three main components underlie the development of the disease: damage to the vascular bed, activation of the immune system with a violation of its regulation and release of cytokines, as well as altered collagen synthesis with proliferation of fibroblasts and the subsequent development of fibrosis. Several forms of juvenile localized scleroderma have been identified, differing in clinical manifestations and depth of lesion of subjacent tissues, and among the skin manifestations, five subtypes are distinguished: plaque, generalized, linear, pansclerotic, and mixed. Diagnosis is based on an analysis of the history and typical clinical picture of the disease. Specific laboratory tests to confirm the disease has not been developed. Modern treatment principles for juvenile localized scleroderma involve the use of different groups of drugs, including methotrexate, corticosteroids, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, imatinibum, mycophenolate mofetil, retinoids, PUVA therapy (Psoralen + UltraViolet A), use of slow calcium channel antagonists (nifedipinum group), bosentan. The studies currently being conducted in the world on the standardization of basic therapy of juvenile localized scleroderma are likely to reveal the optimal variant and duration of treatment for each form of the disease and improve the prognosis of the disease. The article also presents the results of own clinical observations.
Скелетно-м’язові больові синдроми: від патогенетичних особливостей до раціональних терапевтичних підходів
Authors: Marusichenko V.V.
Published: September 2019

Скелетно-м’язові болі (СМБ) є досить поширеною проблемою, на яку припадає, за даними різних оглядів, до третини всіх гострих і хронічних больових синдромів. Локалізація їх різна, проте найчастіше в процес залучені шия та плечовий пояс, попереково-крижова ділянка, а також гомілки. Нерідко відзначається множинний характер больового синдрому, що поширюється одночасно на кілька анатомічних зон, можлива також генералізація болю. СМБ можуть виникнути в будь-якому віці, в тому числі у молодих, працездатних пацієнтів, і призводять до помітних обмежень рухової активності, різкого зниження якості життя. Таким чином, СМБ залишаються актуальною медико-соціальною проблемою.
Спінальнi м’язовi атрофiї в дiтей: епiдемiологiя, фенотипові особливості та сучаснi можливостi ранньої клініко-iнструментальної дiагностики
Authors: Shaimurzin M.R.
Published: September 2019

У статті розглянуті особливості клінічних проявів з позиції фенотипових особливостей проксимальних спінальних м’язових атрофiй (СМА). Надані міжнародні верифіковані шкали оцінки функціональних можливостей дітей зi СМА, рекомендовані для застосування в практичній охороні здоров’я для вірогідної оцінки динаміки змін клінічних проявів захворювання. Наведений адаптований мінімальний клінічний патерн для вірогідного диференціювання форми СМА в межах однієї нозологiчної категорії. Обговорюються міждисциплінарні заходи з ранньої діагностики СМА. Акцент зроблено на тривалому клініко-електроміографічному моніторингу, що дозволяє припустити прогресування захворювання на ранніх стадiях. Виявлено основні причини помилок в діагностуванні СМА у дітей. Розглянуто проблему реабілітаційних програм у віковому аспекті.
Рефлексотерапія в Україні: фундатор та послідовники. До 90-річчя від дня народження професора Мачерет Євгенії Леонідівни
Authors: Kovalenko O.Ye. , Semenova O.V. , Babich Ye.Kh. , Harnyk T.P. , Liapko M.H. , Abramenko V.V. , Ariabynska V.М. , Nabilska V.А.
Published: September 2019

Стаття присвячена пам’яті видатної людини та приурочена до 90-річного ювілею від дня народження Мачерет Євгенії Леонідівни — доктора медичних наук, професора, члена-кореспондента Академії медичних наук України, академіка Академії наук вищої школи України, лауреата Державної премії України, заслуженого діяча науки і техніки України, кавалера ордена княгині Ольги ІІІ ступеня, лауреата республіканської премії ім. В.К. Семінського, президента Європейської асоціації з лазеротерапії, віце-президента Всесвітньої асоціації з акупунктури, професора Тяньцзінського коледжу традиційної китайської медицини, президента Української академії традиційної східної медицини і культури, президента Української асоціації акупунктури і лазеротерапії (перейменованої в ВГО «Українська асоціація рефлексотерапії та медичної акупунктури»), до 2011 р. — завідувача кафедри неврології і рефлексотерапії Національної медичної академії післядипломної освіти імені П.Л. Шупика. Згадується життєвий шлях професора Є.Л. Мачерет та її професійні здобутки. Висвітлюються сучасні науково-практичні досягнення її учнів та послідовників із заснованої професором Є.Л. Мачерет громадської організації «Українська асоціація рефлексотерапії та медичної акупунктури», яку сьогодні очолює професор О.Є. Коваленко.
Опитувальник щодо інтимного життя та сексуальності у хворих на розсіяний склероз: валідизація та адаптація для україномовного населення
Authors: Nehrych O.I. , Pyrohova V.I. , Portnoy J.G. , Stimmel M. , Foley F.W. , Nehrych T.I.
Published: September 2019

Актуальність. Сексуальна дисфункція є поширеною проблемою в жінок із розсіяним склерозом (РС). Опитувальник щодо інтимного життя та сексуальності у хворих на розсіяний склероз (MSISQ­19) — це специфічний інструмент оцінки статевої дисфункції у хворих на РС. Мета дослідження — перекласти та перевірити валідність української версії опитувальника MSISQ­19. Матеріали та методи. Переклад оригінальної версії MSISQ­19 проводився відповідно до стандартної процедури. Опитувальник був заповнений 126 жінками зі встановленим діагнозом РС. Внутрішню узгодженість оцінювали за допомогою показника альфа Кронбаха. Конвергентну валідність встановлювали за допомогою кореляції з опитувальником якості життя у хворих на РС (MSQOL­54) та розширеною шкалою оцінки інвалідизації (EDSS). Результати. Загальна надійність шкали (α Кронбаха = 0,943) та надійність для первинного (α Кронбаха = 0,901), вторинного (α Кронбаха = 0,875) та третинного (α Кронбаха = 0,918) субтестів були високими. Рівень інвалідності, який вимірювали за допомогою EDSS, та якість життя, оцінена за допомогою MSQOL­54, вірогідно корелювали із загальним балом MSISQ­19. Субтести оцінки якості життя, пов’язаної з фізичним та психічним здоров’ям, суттєво корелювали із загальним балом MSISQ­19, а також з первинною, вторинною та третинною сексуальною дисфункцією. Задоволення сексуальною функцією суттєво корелювало з загальним балом MSISQ­19, а також із первинною, вторинною та третинною сексуальною дисфункцією. Висновки. Рeзультати дослідження показують, що українська версія MSISQ­19 є надійним та дієвим інструментом оцінки статевої функції у жінок із РС. Опитувальник може використовуватися під час планового консультування, щоб виявити сексуальну дисфункцію, забезпечити лікування, профілактику погіршення статевої функції і, таким чином, зберегти належну якість життя хворих із РС.
Состояние минеральной плотности костной ткани у мужчин, больных первичным гипотиреозом
Authors: Krytskyi T.I.
Published: September 2019

Актуальность. Вопрос о влиянии гипотиреоза на состояние костной ткани изучен недостаточно, учитывая незначительное число исследований. Кроме того, установить влияние пониженной функции щитовидной железы на состояние прочности кости нелегко в связи с тем, что эти больные, как правило, пожилого возраста и имеют много дополнительных факторов развития остеопороза. Цель исследования — оценить состояние минеральной плотности костной ткани (МПКТ) у мужчин, больных гипотиреозом. Материалы и методы. Под наблюдением находилось 35 мужчин, больных первичным гипотиреозом, в возрасте от 28 до 69 лет. Длительность заболевания (время от момента установления диагноза и начала заместительной терапии препаратами тиреоидных гормонов) составляла от 3 до 26 лет. Среднесуточная доза левотироксина (LТ4), которую получали пациенты, — 125,5 ± 16,5 мкг. Больные находились в состоянии компенсации (отсутствие жалоб и нормальный уровень тиреотропного гормона на фоне лечения LТ4). В контро­льную группу вошли 25 здоровых, клинически эутиреоидных мужчин в возрасте от 25 до 49 лет. Результаты. У 11 (31,4 %) обследованных больных выявлена остеопения различной степени тяжести, у 8 (22,9 %) пациентов диагностирован остеопороз, у остальных 16 (45,7 %) МПКТ находилась в пределах нормы. При сравнении остеоденситограмм пациентов разных возрастных групп выявлено, что с возрастом частота и тяжесть случаев снижение костной плотности увеличивается. Наиболее выраженное негативное влияние на плотность костной ткани у больных гипотиреозом имеет продолжительность заболевания. Хотя частота случаев остеопений в группе больных с длительностью заболевания от 5 до 15 лет больше (55 %), чем у пациентов с длительностью заболевания более 15 лет (41,7 %), однако остеопороз у пациентов с большей длительностью заболевания наблюдается в 2,5 раза чаще, чем у лиц со сроком болезни 5–15 лет. Выводы. Нарушения минеральной плотности костной ткани, проявляющиеся развитием остеопении и остеопороза, наблюдаются у 54,3 % мужчин, больных первичным гипотиреозом. Выраженность изменений минеральной плотности костной ткани прямо пропорционально зависит от возраста, продолжительности заместительной терапии препаратами тиреоидных гормонов и обратно пропорционально — от индекса массы тела.