bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIRECT ORGANOGENESIS OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA IN VITRO USING NODAL EXPLANTS
Authors: GUNASENA Kasundi Mekhala , SENARATH Sandun
Published: October 2019

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a medicinal herb belonging to the family ofAsteraceae. It is a natural sweetener plant, which is estimated to be 300 timessweeter than cane sugar. In this study, reliable protocol was developed for directorganogenesis of S. rebaudiana using in vitro derived nodal explants. Seeds werecollected from mother plants and they were surface sterilized. To optimize thesurface sterilization procedure, dark color (fertile seeds) seeds were surfacesterilized using different concentrations and in different exposure time ofcarbendazim and sodium hypochlorite (Clorox). Out of different combinations0.2% carbendazim for 5 minutes, 10% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes and70% ethanol each followed by two successive washings in sterile distilled waterwas found to be the best for surface sterilization. Two sets of seeds (fresh, stored)were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations ofGA3 for seed germination. According to the results seed viability was lost withtime and it affected seed germination. Seed germination was not affected by GA3,but seedling height was affected by it. Seeds germinated on MS mediumsupplemented with 3.0 mg/L GA3 showed the highest seedling height after 10days. MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP andKin were tested for shoot bud and multiple shoot induction. Out of different mediaMs basal medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP was found to be the bestmedium for shoot bud and multiple shoot induction within 60 days.
ПОСТУПАЊЕ ПОЛИЦИЈЕ ПО НАРЕДБАМА И ЗАМОЛНИЦАМА НАДЛЕЖНИХ СУБЈЕКАТА
Authors: Милидраговић Драган , Субошић Дане , Милић Ненад
Published: October 2019

Полиција поред полицијских послова таксативно набројаниху чл. 30, ст. 3 Закона о полицији обавља и друге послове и задатке утврђенезаконом и подзаконским актом. Један део ових послова односи се на пружањепомоћи другим државним органима, пре свега надлежним судовима итужилаштвима у обављању послова из њиховог делокруга, а састоји се упоступању по њиховим наредбама и замолницама. Да би утврдили коликовремена полицијски службеници на безбедносном сектору проводе решавајућинаредбе и замолнице у раду су представљени делови из четири истраживањакоја говоре о ангажовању полиције на овим задацима. Представљени резултатиистраживања указују нам да је полиција Републике Србије највише радногвремена ангажована на решавању наредби и замолница и на другим пословимакоји нису у вези са превенцијом и репресијом криминалитета. Оптерећеностполицијских службеника све већимбројем наредби и замолницама, поредпредстављенихрезултата истраживања, потврђују и статистичкиподациМУП Републике Србије у периоду од 2010. до 2013. године, који су такођепредстављени у раду. Према статистичким подацимаправосудни органи упросеку годишње доставе на поступање преко 101.000 захтева за уручењепозива и око 435.000 наредби за довођење лица, као и преко 100.000 захтеваза проверу адресе пребивалишта, од којих се 75% односи на теренску проверупребивалишта. Проблем утрошка већег дела радног времена полицијскихслужбеника на поступање по наредбама и замолницама присутан је вишеод десет година у раду полиције на безбедносном сектору. У решавању овогпроблема аутори предлажу да се сагледају искуства других држава чије суполиције један део својих послова повериле другим државним органима илисектору приватне безбедности.
СТРУКТУРА МОТОРИЧКИХ СПОСОБНОСТИ СТУДЕНАТА ФАКУЛТЕТА БЕЗБЈЕДНОСНИХ НАУКА
Authors: Паспаљ Дарко , Гужвица Милан , Вулин Лазар
Published: October 2019

На узорку од 84 студента Факултета безбједносних наука изБањалуке, примијењен је систем од 16 моторичких варијабли с циљем да се ут-врди структура њихових моторичких способности. Примјеном факторске ана-лизе по Кајзер-Гутмановом критеријуму утврђено је 6 латентних моторичкихдимензија. Први фактор дефинисан је као фактор механизма за структурирањекретања, јер је представљен варијаблама за процјену координације и фреквен-ције покрета. Други фактор дефинисан је као фактор механизма за регулацијутрајања ексцитације, јер је представљен мјерама за процјену репетитивне и ста-тичке снаге руку, трупа и ногу. Трећи фактор дефинисан је као фактор механиз-ма за регулацију тонуса и синергијску регулацију, јер је представљен варијабла-ма за процјену мјера флексибилности. Четврти фактор дефинисан је као фак-тор механизма интензитета ексцитације, јер је представљен варијаблом којомсе испитује експлозивна снага кроз способност брзине трчања. Пети фактор јетакође дефинисан као фактор синергијске регулације и регулације тонуса, јер јепрестављен варијаблом за процјену равнотеже, док је шести фактор дефинисанкао фактор интензитета ексцитације, јер је представљен са три варијабле за про-цјену експлозивне снаге и једном варијаблом за процјену флексибилности. Овајрад је покушај да се покаже да је издвојена хијерархијска структура моторич-ких способности од изузетне теоријске и практичне вриједности, при чему бипоменути фактори требали представљати одредницу за предикцију моторичкихспособности и програмирање тренажних оператора у настави Специјалног фи-зичког образовања.
Joseph Browne: Literature and Politics in Early Eighteenth Century England
Authors: Kozak Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

The system of propaganda employed by the competing political groups in early eight- eenth century England embraced the popular literary circles in order to gain their support, a process which was reflected in the prolific and politically inclined literary output of the period. One of the lesser known members of these circles was the writer and physi- cian Joseph Browne. Little information concerning Browne is available, something which perhaps can be attributed to the relatively scant attention paid to his person. One critic, Howard Weinbrot, in his study on Samuel Johnson, acknowledged Browne as the author of the poem “The Gothick Hero” (so far only accredited to Browne) and associated his political views with support for the Hanoverian dynasty that ascended the British throne in 1714. However, the works Browne actually authored, as well as those attributed to him, contradict such a statement. In fact, his literary output, journalism, literary and political circles as well as his posthumous opinion reflected in nineteenth century works and com- ments on his literary activity prove Browne’s anti-Harleyite, anti-Whig and therefore anti- Hanoverian views. This article attempts to draw a sketch of Joseph Browne, confirming the constancy of his political views, and contributes to the discussion on the authorship of a number of key texts hitherto only attributed to him.
The Choice of Relative Pronouns in the First Quarto and First Folio Texts of Shakespeare’s Richard III: Testing the Memorial Reconstruction Hypothesis
Authors: Sato Kiriko
Published: October 2019

The present paper examines the choice of relative pronouns in the First Quarto and First Folio texts of Shakespeare’s Richard III, with the purpose of testing the adequacy of the memorial reconstruction hypothesis, which Patrick first proposed in his 1936 monograph. He notes a high proportion of corrupted readings in the Quarto, suggesting that it is a reconstruction of the Folio, created by actors relying on their inaccurate memories. On the other hand, Smidt (1964) demonstrates that the Quarto’s readings are preferable in many details, though he admits Patrick’s hypothesis, in part, in his second book (1970). Regarding the use of relative pronouns, there is a crucial difference between the two texts: the Folio uses that 13 times to introduce non-restrictive clauses, while the Quarto uses which, and these two items are never substituted the other way around. Interestingly, the Quarto’s choice accords with Shakespeare’s ordinary usage, whereas the Folio deviates from it. Thus, the memorial reconstruction hypothesis cannot explain the variants of relative pronouns. It will be posited that relative pronouns in the Quarto text may have been deliberately revised in the process of written transmission.
Hantverksvetenskap och vetenskapligt hantverk
Authors: Almevik Gunnar
Published: October 2019

Artikeln handlar om de nationella utvärderingarna av hantverksinriktade högskoleutbildningar som har genomförts i Högskoleverkets och senare i Universitetskanslersämbetets regi mellan åren 1997 och 2015. Den övergripande frågan är vad akademiseringen gör med utbildningar som har sin grund i ett professionsområde, och hur de nationella utvärderingarna påverkar akademiseringsprocesser. Intresset riktas framförallt mot begrepp om teori och praktik i högre utbildning, och hur dessa tänkta kunskapsformer kommer till uttryck i formella beskrivningar och används i bedömningar. Forskningen visar att utvärderingarna systematiskt bortser från utbildningsområdets professionsinriktning. Den del i högskolelagens portalparagraf som utpekar beprövad erfarenhet som en grundpelare, vid sidan av konst eller vetenskap, väger mycket lätt i dessa utvärderingar. De hantverksinriktade utbildningarna hamnar ofta i konflikt, både med konstens krav på subjektivitet och vetenskapens krav på objektivitet.
Exogenous application of nitric oxide donors regulates short-term flooding stress in soybean
Authors: Khan Muhammad Aaqil , Khan Abdul Latif , Imran Qari Muhammad , Asaf Sajjad , Lee Sang-Uk , Yun Byung-Wook , Hamayun Muhammad , Kim Tae-Han , Lee In-Jung
Published: October 2019

Short-term water submergence to soybean (Glycine maxL.) create hypoxic conditions hindering plant growth and productivity. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered a stress-signalling and stress-evading molecule, however, little is known about its role during flooding stress. We elucidated the role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitroso L-cysteine (CySNO) as NO donor in modulation of flooding stress-related bio-chemicals and genetic determinants of associated nitrosative stress to Daewon and Pungsannamul soybean cultivars after 3 h and 6 h of flooding stress. The results showed that exogenous SNP and CysNO induced glutathione activity and reduced the resulting superoxide anion contents during short-term flooding in Pungsannamul soybean. The exo- SNP and CysNO triggered the endogenousS-nitrosothiols, and resulted in elevated abscisic acid (ABA) contents in both soybean cultivars overtime. To know the role of ABA and NO related genes in short-term flooding stress, the mRNA expression ofS-nitrosoglutathione reductase(GSNOR1),NO overproducer1(NOX1) andnitrate reductase(NR),Timing of CAB expression1(TOC1), andABA-receptor(ABAR) were assessed. The transcripts accumulation ofGSNOR1, NOX1, andNRbeing responsible for NO homeostasis, were significantly high in response to early or later phases of flooding stress.ABARandTOC1showed a decrease in transcript accumulation in both soybean plants treated with exogenous SNP and CySNO. The exo- SNP and CySNO could impinge a variety of biochemical and transcriptional programs that can mitigate the negative effects of short-term flooding stress in soybean.
Spatio-temporal variation in oxidative status regulation in a small mammal
Authors: Lemieux Vincent , Garant Dany , Reale Denis , Bergeron Patrick
Published: October 2019

Life-history allocation trade-offs are dynamic over time and space according to the ecological and demographical context. Fluctuations in food availability can affect physiological trade-offs like oxidative status regulation, reflecting the balance between pro-oxidant production and antioxidant capacity. Monitoring the spatio-temporal stability of oxidative status in natural settings may help understanding its importance in ecological and evolutionary processes. However, few studies have yet conducted such procedures in wild populations. Here, we monitored individual oxidative status in a wild eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) population across the 2017 summer active period and over three study sites. Oxidative damage (MDA: Malondialdehyde levels) and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels (FRAP: Ferric reducing antioxidant power and HASC: Hypochlorous acid shock capacity) were quantified across time and space using assays optimized for small blood volumes. Our results showed an increase in oxidative damage mirrored by a decrease in FRAP throughout the season. We also found different antioxidant levels among our three study sites for both markers. Our results also revealed the effects of sex and body mass on oxidative status. Early in the active season, females and individuals with a greater body mass had higher oxidative damage. Males had higher HASC levels than females throughout the summer. This study shows that oxidative status regulation is a dynamic process that requires a detailed spatial and temporal monitoring to yield a complete picture of possible trade-offs between pro-oxidant production and antioxidant capacity.
Diagnosis of Childhood and Youth Cancer: The FamiliesPercurred Path / Diagnóstico do Câncer Infantojuvenil: O Caminho Percorrido Pelas Famílias
Authors: De Sá Ana Carla Silveira , Silva Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Analisar a trajetória percorrida pelas crianças e adolescentes da suspeição à confirmação diagnóstica de câncer. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida em 2017, com entrevistas semiestruturadas junto a 19 familiares cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes com câncer, cujos dados foram submetidos à Análise Temática. Resultados: A trajetória de crianças e adolescentes é iniciada a partir de múltiplas e inespecíficas alterações clínicas e de desenvolvimento no âmbito sociofamiliar, posteriormente elas percorrem inúmeros serviços de saúde e são submetidas a diversos procedimentos biomédicos. Nesse caminho, barreiras no acesso aos serviços de saúde na busca pelo diagnóstico do câncer foram evidenciadas. Conclusão: É imprescindível que o sistema de saúde atenda as necessidades da população infanto-juvenil em todos os seus níveis, incluindo o acesso adequado ao diagnóstico precoce do câncer, assim como melhor formação dos profissionais para a detecção. Garantindo, assim, o direito à saúde na perspectiva da integralidade do cuidado.Descritores: Criança, adolescente, neoplasia, diagnóstico precoce.
Potential Risks in The Preparation and Administration of Intravenous Drugs: A Literary Review of Integrated Actions for Pain Relief and Health Education / Riscos Potenciais no Processo de Preparo e Administração de Medicamentos por Via Intravenosa: Revisão Literária de Ações Integradas Para Alívio da Dor e Educação em Saúde
Authors: Rodrigues Sarah Miranda
Published: October 2019

Objetivos: O objetivo do estudo consiste em analisar artigos científicos no cenário mundial acerca das intervenções de enfermagem no processo de preparo e administração de medicamentos por via venosa, riscos inerentes a pratica profissional e ações integradas à prescrição médica. Método: pesquisa de natureza literária, realizada através dos principais bancos de dados online de pesquisas indexadas. Para desenvolvimento do estudo foram consultados livros relacionados à prática da terapia intravenosa e legislações vigentes. Resultados: descrição das principais patologias urgentes e emergentes no serviço hospitalar, ações de enfermagem voltadas para terapia intravenosa e alivio da dor. Conclusão: necessidade de aprimoramento dos instrumentos utilizados para mensurar a dor aguda, pois possuem limitações em sua implementação, seja por avaliar a dimensão de um único aspecto ou serem extenso em sua aplicação em nível de atendimento hospitalar. Descritores: enfermagem, riscos, segurança do paciente, dor aguda.
The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and Its Contributions to Brazilian Studies / O Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade e Suas Contribuições para Estudos Brasileiros
Authors: Souza Meriele Sabrina , Braga Patrícia Pinto
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Analisar as produções científicas brasileiras que utilizaram o Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI) em estudos voltados para crianças diagnosticadas com deficiência. Metodologia: Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada entre julho e agosto de 2017 nas seguintes fontes: MEDLINE (PubMed), Biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS) e Web of sience nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Resultados: A utilização do PEDI contribuiu para identificação de incapacidades individuais e das funções mais comprometidas em crianças, fornece dados que permitem o planejamento de intervenções para pais, profissionais e cuidadores. Além disso, permitiu revelar os benefícios das atividades físicas para o desempenho funcional assim como os efeitos das orientações realizadas por profissionais de saúde para crianças com desvios de desenvolvimento. Conclusão: O PEDI têm-se mostrado relevante por contribuir com evidências sobre a evolução da criança com incapacidades, identificar os comprometimentos e permitir redirecionamento das ações de profissionais e cuidadores.
Auriculotherapy With Needles to Improve the Quality of Life of Cancer Patients: An Integrative Literature Review / Auriculoterapia com Agulhas para Melhora da Qualidade de Vida em Pacientes com Câncer: Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Vallim Elizabeth Tischenberg Aguiar , Peres Aneis Louise , Pierin Jéssica Fitz , Marcondes Larissa , Cestari Jorge Vinicius , Kalinke Luciana Puchalski
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Identificar a produção disponível relacionada ao uso da acupuntura auricular como intervenção para a melhoria da qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura com busca em fontes eletrônicas de dados (BVS, CAPES, CINHAL, PUBMED, WEB of SCIENCE e SCOPUS) no período de janeiro de 2017 com os descritores câncer, neoplasia, auriculoterapia, acupuntura orelha e acupuntura auricular. A revisão integrativa proposta aconteceu em seis etapas distintas e complementares. Resultados: Foram identificados seis artigos com evidências satisfatórias das intervenções nos sintomas clínicos inerentes ao câncer e seu tratamento que demonstraram impactos positivos da auriculoterapia como intervenção. Conclusão: Os estudos relacionados ao tema são escassos, apontam uma realidade cientifica pouco explorada. Um número maior de estudos clínicos deve ocorrer para fortalecer as evidencias das intervenções terapêuticas efetivas, subsidiar a prática e assegurar assistência qualificada.
Rationales Design von Nanogelen zur Überwindung biologischer Barrieren auf verschiedenen Verabreichungswegen
Authors: Zhao Qing , Zhang Siyu , Wu Fengchang , Li Dengyu , Zhang Xuejiao , Chen Wei , Xing Baoshan
Published: October 2019

Nanogele haben sich aufgrund ihrer erstrebenswerten physikochemischen Eigenschaften und vielseitigen Anwendbarkeit auf diverse therapeutische Moleküle und bildgebende Sonden als herausragende Kandidaten für Nanocarrier zur Wirkstoffabgabe herausgestellt. Eine der zentralen Herausforderungen, welche die klinische Anwendung von Nanogelen verhindert, ist die geringe Effizienz der Wirkstoffübermittlung an das Ziel infolge des Widerstands komplexer biologischer Barrieren im Laufe des Transports in vivo. Ziele dieses Aufsatzes sind eine Untersuchung und Zusammenfassung der jüngsten Fortschritte beim rationalen Design und in der Strukturmodulation von Nanogelen zur Überwindung der Barrieren und Herausforderungen auf dem Weg zum Ziel, eingeteilt nach den unterschiedlichsten Dosiermodi. Insbesondere wurden funktionale Motive oder Domänen in Nanogele inkorporiert, wodurch eine spontane Regulierung ihrer Struktur und physiochemischen Eigenschaften ermöglicht wurde. Diese erlaubt die Überschreitung einer oder mehrerer der vielgestaltigen Barrieren. Zusätzlich werden künftige Perspektiven für die präzise und effiziente Formulierung therapeutischer Nanogele aufgezeigt.
Direkte Mechanokatalyse: Palladium als Mahlmaterial und Katalysator in der mechanochemischen Suzuki‐Polymerisation
Authors: Vogt Christian G. , Grätz Sven , Lukin Stipe , Halasz Ivan , Etter Martin , Evans Jack D. , Borchardt Lars
Published: October 2019

Das Mahlmaterial ist der Katalysator. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir eine palladiumkatalysierte Reaktion in der Kugelmühle vor, bei der weder Katalysatorpulver, Liganden, noch Lösungsmittel verwendet werden. Dieses einfache und nachhaltige Konzept zeigen wir am Beispiel der Suzuki‐Polymerisation von 4‐Brom‐ bzw. 4‐Iodphenylboronsäure zu Poly(para‐phenylen). Überdies beobachten wir einen der höchsten bisher publizierten Polymerisationsgrade (199).
pH‐Dependent Nitrotyrosine Formation in Ribonuclease A is Enhanced in the Presence of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
Authors: Roy Pritam , Panda Atashi , Hati Sumon , Dasgupta Swagata
Published: October 2019

Protein nitration can occur as a result of peroxynitrite‐mediated oxidative stress. Excess production of peroxynitrite (PN) within the cellular medium can cause oxidative damage to biomolecules. The in vitro nitration of Ribonuclease A (RNase A) results in nitrotyrosine (NT) formation with a strong dependence on the pH of the medium. In order to mimic the cellular environment in this study, PN‐mediated RNase A nitration has been carried out in a crowded medium. The degree of nitration is higher at pH 7.4 (physiological pH) compared to pH 6.0 (tumor cell pH). The extent of nitration increases significantly when PN is added to RNase A in the presence of crowding agents PEG 400 and PEG 6000. PEG has been found to stabilize PN over a prolonged period, thereby increasing the degree of nitration. NT formation in RNase A also results in a significant loss in enzymatic activity.
Goals of care discussions for patients with blood cancers: Association of person, place, and time with end‐of‐life care utilization
Authors: Odejide Oreofe O. , Uno Hajime , Murillo Anays , Tulsky James A. , Abel Gregory A.
Published: October 2019

Background

Patients with blood cancers experience high‐intensity medical care near the end of life (EOL) and low rates of hospice use; attributes of goals of care (GOC) discussions may partly explain these outcomes.

Methods

By using a retrospective cohort of patients with blood cancer who received care at Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute and died in 2014, the authors assessed the potential relationship between timing, location, and the involvement of hematologic oncologists in the first GOC discussion with intensity of care near the EOL and timely hospice use.

Results

Among 383 patients, 39.2% had leukemia/myelodysplastic syndromes, 37.1% had lymphoma, and 23.7% had myeloma. Overall, 65.3% of patients had a documented GOC discussion. Of the first discussions, 33.2% occurred >30 days before death, 34.8% occurred in the outpatient setting, and 46.4% included a hematologic oncologist. In multivariable analyses, having the first discussion >30 days before death (odds ratio [OR], 0.37; 95% CI, 0.17‐0.81), in the outpatient setting (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09‐0.50), and having a hematologic oncologist present (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21‐0.77) were associated with lower odds of intensive care unit admission ≤30 days before death. The presence of a hematologic oncologist at the first discussion (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.58‐5.96) also was associated with earlier hospice use (>3 days before death).

Conclusions

In this large cohort of blood cancer decedents, most initial GOC discussions occurred close to death and in the inpatient setting. When discussions were timely, outpatient, or involved hematologic oncologists, patients were less likely to experience intensive health care use near death and were more likely to enroll in hospice.
Towards Controlling the Reactivity of Enzymes in Mechanochemistry: Inert Surfaces Protect β‐Glucosidase Activity During Ball Milling
Authors: Hammerer Fabien , Ostadjoo Shaghayegh , Friščić Tomislav , Auclair Karine
Published: October 2019

The activity of β‐glucosidases—the enzymes responsible for the final step in the enzymatic conversion of cellulose to glucose—can be maintained and manipulated under mechanochemical conditions in the absence of bulk solvent, either through an unexpected stabilization effect of inert surfaces, or by altering the enzymatic equilibrium. The reported results illustrate unique aspects of mechanoenzymatic reactions that are not observable in conventional aqueous solutions. They also represent the first reported strategies to enhance activity and favor either direction of the reaction under mechanochemical conditions.
Base‐Initiated Formation of FeI–PNP Pincer Complexes
Authors: Glatz Mathias , Stöger Berthold , Bichler Bernhard , Bauer Gerald , Veiros Luis F. , Pignitter Marc , Kirchner Karl
Published: October 2019

Fe(I) PNP pincer complexes of the type [Fe(PNPNH)(CO)2]+ were prepared by treatment of the Fe(II) complexes [Fe(PNPNH)(CO)(Cl)2] with KOtBu in an aprotic solvent. The outcome of these reactions is independent of whether it is carried out under a CO atmosphere or not. The tert‐butyl analog [Fe(PNPNH‐tBu)(CO)2]Cl was obtained in a similar fashion but with [Fe(PNPNH‐tBu)(Cl)2] as starting material in the presence of CO. In all these reactions the formation of free PNP ligand together with unknown Fe(III) species is presumably due to a 2FeII → FeI and FeIII disproportionation process. The cationic complexes could be deprotonated upon treatment with KOtBu affording the neutral complexes [Fe(PNPN)(CO)2]. All compounds are low‐spin complexes as established by their solution effective magnetic moments, X‐band EPR spectra as well as DFT calculations. The solid‐state structures of two representative cationic and neutral complexes, respectively, were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Outcomes of the first 50 patients with abnormally invasive placenta managed using the “Triple P Procedure” conservative surgical approach
Authors: Pinas‐Carrillo Ana , Bhide Amarnath , Moore Jessica , Hartopp Richard , Belli Anna‐Maria , Arulkumaran Sabaratnam , Thilaganathan Baskaran , Chandraharan Edwin
Published: October 2019

Objective

To determine maternal outcomes for women with abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) managed using the Triple P Procedure and establish its safety as a conservative surgical management option.

Methods

A retrospective study of the outcomes of the first 50 patients who underwent the Triple P Procedure for AIP from September 2010 to May 2017 at St George's Maternity Unit. Maternity case notes and the database were reviewed to determine the volume of bleeding, procedure‐related complications, hysterectomy rate, and postoperative hospitalization.

Results

Mean operative blood loss was 2318 mL (range, 400–7300 mL and the incidence of bladder and ureteric injuries was 2% (n=1) and 0%, respectively. Median length of hospital stay was 4 days (range, 2–8 days). Three women (6.0%) developed arterial thrombosis without any long‐term complications and none of the patients required peripartum hysterectomy.

Conclusion

The Triple P Procedure should be considered as a conservative, less risky alternative to a peripartum hysterectomy during counselling prior to surgery for women with AIP.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of eriocitrin against the dextran sulfate sodium–induced experimental colitis in murine model
Authors: Guo Gang , Shi Wen , Shi Feiyu , Gong Wenqing , Li Fanni , Zhou Guangju , She Junjun
Published: October 2019

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a continual ailment condition which engrosses the entire alimentary canal. The IBD can be primarily distinguished into two forms, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. The major symptoms of IBD include pustules or abscesses, severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, fistula, and stenosis, which may directly affect the patient's quality of life. A variety of mediators can stimulate the circumstances of IBD, some examples include infections by microbes such as bacteria, perturbation of the immune system and the surrounding environment of the intestines. Severe colitis was stimulated in the experimental animals through administering 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) which is mixed in water ad libitum for 6 days. Eriocitrin (30 mg/kg) was then administered to the experimental animals followed by the induction of severe colitis to evaluate the therapeutic prospective of eriocitrin against the colon inflammation stimulated by DSS. In this study, eriocitrin (30 mg/kg) demonstrated significant (P < .05) attenuation activity against the DSS‐stimulated severe colitis in experimental animals. Eriocitrin counteracted all of the clinical deleterious effects induced by DSS, such as body‐weight loss, colon shortening, histopathological injury, accretion of infiltrated inflammatory cells at the inflamed region and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The results clearly showed that eriocitrin effectively attenuated DSS‐induced acute colitis in experimental animals.
Bilobalide alleviates IL‐17‐induced inflammatory injury in ATDC5 cells by downregulation of microRNA‐125a
Authors: Mao Dongmei , Li Hong , Zhang Lei , Xu Jian , Yu Chunyan , Zhang Qi
Published: October 2019

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a high disability and greatly destructive disease. In this study, we preliminarily studied the function and mechanism of bilobalide (BIL) on interleukin (IL)‐17‐induced inflammatory injury in ATDC5 cells. CCK‐8 and migration assays were used to detect the functions of IL‐7, BIL, and microRNA (miR)‐125a on cell viability and migration. The miR‐125a level was changed by transfection, and tested by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, Western blot tested the levels of inflammatory factors (IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and pathway‐related proteins. Moreover, the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay also was used to detect inflammatory factor levels. IL‐7 was used to construct an inflammatory injury model in ATDC5 cells. Based on this, BIL inhibited IL‐17‐induced cell viability, migration, and expressions of inflammatory factors and MMPs. Furthermore, we found BIL negatively regulated miR‐125a, and the miR‐125a mimic could partly reverse the effects of BIL on IL‐17‐injury. Finally, we showed that BIL inhibited the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathways, and the miR‐125a mimic had the opposite effect. BIL inhibited IL‐17‐induced inflammatory injury in ATDC5 cells by downregulation of miR‐125a via JNK and NF‐κB signaling pathways.
Progressive Dominant Hearing Loss (Autosomal Dominant Deafness‐41) and P2RX2 Gene Mutations: A Phenotype–Genotype Study
Authors: Liu Xue Zhong , Yan Denise , Mittal Rahul , Ballard Megan E. , Feng Yong
Published: October 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

P2RX2 encoding P2X purinoreceptor 2 has been identified as the gene responsible for autosomal dominant deafness‐41 (DFNA41) as well as mediating vulnerability to noise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL). The objective of this study was to investigate the audiological and molecular characteristics of P2RX2‐related deafness, with emphasis on its role in NIHL by determining the audiological characteristics of a previously reported six‐generation DFNA41 family with a 10‐year follow‐up. We have also summarized phenotype–genotype correlations of P2RX2‐related deafness in human and mouse models.

Study Design

We describe clinical longitudinal follow‐up in the DFNA41 family with P2RX2 (p.Val60Leu) mutation and perform a systematic literature search in PubMed and poster presentations on meeting/conference websites to identify current insights into P2RX2‐mediated NIHL.

Methods

Clinical and physical examinations of the family members were performed, and audiograms were obtained to assess the hearing thresholds. Clinical follow‐up features in this DFNA41 family are presented along with correlation analyses of phenotype–genotype in all reported families with P2RX2‐related deafness.

Results

Progressive hearing impairment was confirmed by history and by audiological follow‐up testing in all the patients. The onset of hearing loss was between age 25 and 35 years. All affected subjects had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss involving all frequencies with some significant gender differences.

Conclusions

Our study and the review of the literature suggest that P2RX2 plays a crucial role in predisposition to noise‐induced and age‐related hearing loss. A better knowledge about the P2RX2‐associated genetic variants can help in developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Level of Evidence

2b Laryngoscope, 130:1657–1663, 2020
Localized B0 shimming based on 23Na MRI at 7 T
Authors: Gast Lena V. , Henning Anke , Hensel Bernhard , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin M.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

To validate the feasibility of localized B0 shimming based on B0 maps acquired with sodium (23Na) MRI.

Methods

A localized B0 shimming routine based on a constrained regularized algorithm in combination with 23Na MRI data acquired with a 3D density‐adapted radial readout scheme was implemented on a 7T MR system. Measurements were performed using a dual‐tuned 23Na/1H head coil. The quality of B0 maps reconstructed from 23Na images and the resulting shim values was examined depending on the acquisition duration between 10 minutes and 15 seconds to examine clinical applicability. The B0 shimming based on 23Na B0 maps was performed both for phantom and human head of 6 healthy volunteers, and the resulting B0 homogeneity was compared with the vendor‐provided 1H MRI–based gradient‐echo brain shimming routine.

Results

The proposed 23Na MRI–based shimming routine showed a reduction in B0 variation comparable to the vendor‐provided shim both in phantom and in vivo measurements. Within the examined multicompartment phantom, the B0 variations could be reduced by up to 77% using the 23Na MRI–based shim. In human head, B0 variations were reduced by approximately 50% using an acquisition time of 15 seconds for the 23Na B0 maps and only 1 iteration of B0 shimming.

Conclusion

The 23Na MRI–based localized B0 shimming is possible at 7 T within clinically acceptable acquisition durations (< 1 minute). It was shown that using the proposed 23Na MRI–based shimming approach, the 23Na image quality at ultrahigh field strength can be strongly improved.
The temperature dependence of gradient system response characteristics
Authors: Stich Manuel , Pfaff Christiane , Wech Tobias , Slawig Anne , Ruyters Gudrun , Dewdney Andrew , Ringler Ralf , Köstler Herbert
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The gradient system transfer function (GSTF) characterizes the frequency transfer behavior of a dynamic gradient system and can be used to correct non‐Cartesian k‐space trajectories. This study analyzes the impact of the gradient coil temperature of a 3T scanner on the GSTF.

Methods

GSTF self‐ and B0‐cross‐terms were acquired for a 3T Siemens scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) using a phantom‐based measurement technique. The GSTF terms were measured for various temperature states up to 45°C. The gradient coil temperatures were measured continuously utilizing 12 temperature sensors which are integrated by the vendor. Different modeling approaches were applied and compared.

Results

The self‐terms depend linearly on temperature, whereas the B0‐cross‐term does not. Effects induced by thermal variation are negligible for the phase response. The self‐terms are best represented by a linear model including the three gradient coil sensors that showed the maximum temperature dependence for the three axes. The use of time derivatives of the temperature did not lead to an improvement of the model. The B0‐cross‐terms can be modeled by a convolution model which considers coil‐specific heat transportation.

Conclusion

The temperature dependency of the GSTF was analyzed for a 3T Siemens scanner. The self‐ and B0‐cross‐terms can be modeled using a linear and convolution modeling approach based on the three main temperature sensor elements.
Multi‐shot diffusion‐weighted MRI reconstruction with magnitude‐based spatial‐angular locally low‐rank regularization (SPA‐LLR)
Authors: Hu Yuxin , Wang Xiaole , Tian Qiyuan , Yang Grant , Daniel Bruce , McNab Jennifer , Hargreaves Brian
Published: October 2019

Purpose

To resolve the motion‐induced phase variations in multi‐shot multi‐direction diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) by applying regularization to magnitude images.

Theory and Methods

A nonlinear model was developed to estimate phase and magnitude images separately. A locally low‐rank regularization (LLR) term was applied to the magnitude images from all diffusion‐encoding directions to exploit the spatial and angular correlation. In vivo experiments with different resolutions and b‐values were performed to validate the proposed method.

Results

The proposed method significantly reduces the noise level compared to the conventional reconstruction method and achieves submillimeter (0.8mm and 0.9mm isotropic resolutions) DWI with a b‐value of 1,000  and 1‐mm isotropic DWI with a b‐value of 2,000  without modification of the sequence.

Conclusions

A joint reconstruction method with spatial‐angular LLR regularization on magnitude images substantially improves multi‐direction DWI reconstruction, simultaneously removes motion‐induced phase artifacts, and denoises images.
Keep Community Relations Consistent Through Contractor Training
Authors: Davis Marci
Published: October 2019

Contractors play an essential role in the water sector. Make sure they're held to a high standard in community relations.
An energetically consistent heat input model for additive manufacturing
Authors: Burkhardt Christian , Soldner Dominic , Steinmann Paul , Mergheim Julia
Published: October 2019

Additive manufacturing offers the ability to design parts more freely and to realize complex geometries that would not have been manufacturable with conventional processes. In powder bed‐based beam melting processes parts are build in a layer‐by‐layer fashion by selectively melting the powder material to generate the part. The energy input of the laser beam and the temperature distribution during the process strongly influence the quality of the produced part and can be studied by means of macroscopic thermal simulations. Due to the non‐linearity of the material behaviour and the diverging time and length scales huge computational costs arise. In the present contribution a temporal integration of the heat input model is used to allow for larger time step sizes. In order to reduce the errors due to the spatial discretization in the heat affected zone, a correction term is introduced, rendering an energetically consistent heat input. A numerical example shows the success of this strategy.
A Review on the Modeling of Gaseous Reduction of Iron Oxide Pellets
Authors: Zare Ghadi Ariyan , Valipour Mohammad Sadegh , Vahedi Seyed Masoud , Sohn Hong Yong
Published: October 2019

The investigations on direct reduced iron (DRI) have commonly been made at two different scales: the pellet scale and the macroscopic or reactor scale. The reduction of a single pellet is typically investigated for developing kinetics of chemical reactions accompanied by heat and mass transport, whereas in the macroscopic view, the reduction process is investigated in the reactor scale. However, these two aspects are not independent of each other and usually the kinetic parameters that are used in the reactor modeling come from the single pellet study. This article reviews the most relevant models in the literature with regard to direct reduction reactions in the pellet scale together with more recently developed new approaches. This review also presents a critical assessment of the previously proposed models in terms of which models are applicable under what conditions and to what types of the solid structure. The flaws and pitfalls in some of these models are also pointed out with cautions. The present article is broadly divided into experimental and mathematical sections.
Gingyogedokusan versus oseltamivir for the treatment of influenza: Bayesian inference using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method with prior pilot study data
Authors: Iwata Kentaro , Nishimoto Takashi , Higasa Kumi , Usuki Seiichiro , Miyakoshi Chisato
Published: October 2019

Aim

Gingyogedokusan (GGGS) is a herbal medicine approved for upper respiratory infections in Japan, and could be utilized for the treatment of influenza. We conducted a multi‐center, prospective trial, comparing GGGS against oseltamivir in patients with influenza, but failed to include enough participants for conventional analysis. We further conducted a Bayesian analysis, however, using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, by utilizing our original data.

Methods

We used our data from 2010 and 2011, which compared GGGS and oseltamivir. A total of 10 patients were diagnosed with influenza and enrolled in the study (six for GGGS and four for oseltamivir). We conducted MCMC to elucidate posterior distributions for outcomes. Outcomes were time to alleviation of symptoms, time to recovery of activity level, time to recovery of health status, and time to resolution of fever.

Results

Calculated mean time to alleviate symptoms was 3.99 days for GGGS, while it was 5.66 days in the oseltamivir group (difference of 1.66 days, 95% credible interval: −3.64 to 6.46). The posterior probability of the mean time for the oseltamivir group being longer than that for the GGGS group was 69%. Likewise, that probability was 81% for recovery of activity level, 86% for health status, and 24%, for fever resolution.

Conclusion

According to Bayesian analysis, GGGS appears to have superiority over oseltamivir in resolving symptoms, although fever may resolve earlier with oseltamivir use. This is a proof of concept study, to encourage further research into the efficacy of GGGS for the treatment of influenza.
Narrating Change, Voicing Values, and Co-constructing Visions for Intercultural Music Teacher Education
Authors: Miettinen Laura , Westerlund Heidi , Gluschankof Claudia
Published: October 2019

Researchers have suggested that higher education institutions need to be re-thought as ‘imagining universities’ that continually engage in re-imagining themselves, in order to be able to justify their own existence in a fast-changing world. It can be expected that music teacher education programs, as part of higher education, would benefit from envisioning their shared future from the same starting point. This chapter presents the second-stage inquiry of “Co-creating visions for intercultural music teacher education in Finland and Israel,” an ongoing collaborative research project between the Sibelius Academy of the University of the Arts Helsinki and the Levinsky College of Education in Israel. The study is based on the constructionist pre-understanding that music teacher education programs ought to be developed by conversations and collective reflections, and that it is through these reflections that we narrate change. As an overall methodological framework, the study draws from Appreciative Inquiry (AI), emphasizing the positive as the basis from which to envision together what the future of intercultural music teacher education would look like. The data was collected through four workshop discussions, two at each site, totaling 24 participating teacher educators. The forward-looking themes of these second-stage discussions were developed from the groundwork of the first-stage focus group interview inquiry that mapped the present situation. This study suggests that there is an increasing need to create spaces where music teacher candidates and music teacher educators creatively face uncertainty rather than security, and where risk-taking can be encouraged and practiced safely. There is also a need to increase flexibility and openness, and to continue working more collaboratively within the institutions.
Epilogue: Music Teacher Education Engaging with the Politics of Diversity
Authors: Westerlund Heidi , Karlsen Sidsel
Published: October 2019

This book is published at a time of intensified social change, which is also reflected in a new epoch of music education professionalism. The need to address the dynamics of diversity is acute in many countries, not only those that struggle with the so-called migrant crisis and the often-accompanying xenophobia, populism and social disharmony. As the Spanish sociologist Manuel Castells (2010) points out, the increasing diversity of societies does not only enrich cultures, but may also hold the potential to fuel fundamentalism, radicalization and polarization. As a response, UNESCO highlights that these new challenges of “intolerance, prejudice and misunderstanding, social fragmentation, violent extremism” are “not a matter for governments alone, but for all segments of society, including universities, civil society and the private sector” (Mansouri 2017, 3). According to Castells, the sources of legitimizing identities that the nation-state once promoted are now drained away and the very concept of nation-state is called into question. Consequently, he sees the notion of political democracy, central to nationhood, to be in crisis. UNESCO therefore calls for intercultural dialogue to enhance learning to live together (Mansouri 2017), and the European Union urges its member-states to establish visions and policies that foster intercultural co-existence, collaboration and education to help in the complex and challenging work of building a common ground for the future (Vision Europe Summit 2016).
Policy, Interculturality and the Potential of Core Practices in Music Teacher Education
Authors: Schmidt Patrick , Abramo Joseph
Published: October 2019

This chapter provides examples of current and promising practices in intercultural music teacher education, while highlighting how policy thinking can help construct empowering conditions and experiences. In contrast to current policy environments, where music educators are seen as the target of policy, we situate music educators as teacher-as-policy-maker as a guiding image for teacher preparation that need not and should not mean a distancing from practice. In this conception, music teachers are the generators of policies with others. In this chapter, we address how research in teacher-education core practices can be aligned with and facilitate learning about policy enactment in preservice music education. We demonstrate how core practices, as a pedagogical approach, identify learning how to teach as a “high leverage” practice to be developed. We end the chapter by articulating some core practices in intercultural teaching and policy that music teacher educators might implement to help preservice teachers develop, practice, and enact their own practices.
The Discomfort of Intercultural Learning in Music Teacher Education
Authors: Kallio Alexis A. , Westerlund Heidi
Published: October 2019

Recognizing and ethically engaging with the inherent diversity of music education contexts demands a continuous interrogation of the norms and values underpinning policy and practice in music teacher education. In doing so, teachers and students in higher education are challenged to question why and how students are socialized into particular music education systems, traditions, or perspectives and to consider alternatives. In this chapter, we explore such reflexive processes, employing a theoretical reading analysis through Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, and doxa. The data consists of group reflections and interviews with student-teachers that the authors conducted as part of an intercultural arts education project between Finnish masters students and two Cambodian NGOs. Based on our analysis, we argue that stepping outside of one’s cultural, musical, and pedagogical comfort zone is a necessary component of constructing and (re)negotiating teacher visions in music teacher education. However, this renegotiation may be discomforting for student-teachers, unsettling deep-seated visions of what good music education is and ought to be – the taken-for-granted doxa of music teaching and learning. Therefore, for music-teacher education to become transformative and reflexive, there is a need for such educational experiences that engage with processes that are related to the art of living with difference.