bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative analysis revealed a correlation of PIAS family genes expression with prognosis, immunomodulation and chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Zhang Junkui , Lan Tianyi , He Jiayue , Lei Bin , Wang Hongnan , Mei Zhiqiang , Lv Chaoxiang
Published: March 2024

Background

Protein inhibitor of activated STATs (PIAS) has pleiotropic biological effects, such as protein post-translational modification, transcriptional coregulation and gene editing. It is reported that PIAS family genes are also correlated with immune cells infiltration in cancers that highlights their unnoticed biological role in tumor progression. However, the relationship of their expression with prognosis, immune cell infiltration, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy in pan-cancer has been rarely reported.

Methods

The multi-omics data were used to investigate the expression level of PIAS family members in pan-cancer, and the prognostic value of their expression in different tumors was analyzed by univariate Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship of PIAS gene expression with tumor microenvironment, immune infiltrating subtypes, stemness score and drug sensitivity. In addition, we also used wound healing and transwell assays to verify the biological effects of PIAS family gene expression on invasion and metastasis of HCC cells.

Results

We found that PIAS family genes expression is significantly heterogeneous in tumors by multi-genomic analysis, and associated with poor prognosis in patients with multiple types of cancer. Furthermore, we also found that genetic alterations of PIAS family genes were not only common in different types of human tumors, but were also significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS) across pan-cancer. Single-cell analysis revealed that PIAS family genes were mainly distributed in monocytes/macrophages. Additionally, we also found that their expression was associated with tumor microenvironment (including stromal cells and immune cells) and stemness score (DNAss and RNAss). Drug sensitivity analysis showed that PIAS family genes were able to predict the response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. PIAS family genes expression is closely related to tumor metastasis, especially PIAS3. High PIAS3 expression significantly promotes the migration and invasion of liver cancer cell lines (HCC-LM3 and MHCC97-H).

Conclusions

Taking together, these findings contribute to determine whether the PIAS family genes are a potential oncogenic target gene, which have important contribution for the development of cancer immunotherapy.
Will coronal alignment postoperatively be deteriorating in adult spinal deformity after long-fusion surgery?
Authors: Zhang Zifang , Wang Tianhao , Li Nianhu , Zheng Guoquan , Meng Chunyang
Published: March 2024

Background

To investigate whether the coronal alignment (CA) will deteriorate, and identify the risk factors for coronal malalignment (CM) developing in adult spinal deformity (ASD) after long-fusion surgery.

Methods

A multi-center retrospective study was performed, which included a total of 161 ASD patients who had undergone the surgical procedure of long-fusion (≥ 5 vertebras) with instrumentations in three medical centers. All of the participants were retrospectively reviewed, and subsequently assigned into the consistency group (C7 plumb line (C7PL) shifting towards the convex side of the main curve), and the opposition group (C7PL shifting towards the concave side). CM was considered if the coronal balance distance (CBD) being over 30 mm. A Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank test were used to analyze the differences in CM-free survival during follow-up. Multivariate analysis via a Cox proportional hazards test was used to analyze the risk factors.

Results

Patients showing CM equaled 35 (21.7%) at the pre-operation, and that increased significantly up to 51 (31.7%) at the final follow-up (P = 0.04). In the consistency group, the incidence of CM at the final follow-up was much higher than that preoperatively (35:16, P = 0.002). CM-free survival time decreased significantly in patients with larger CBD correction, pelvic fixation and more instrumented segments, respectively, during follow-up (P < 0.05, log-rank test). Age ≥ 60 years, the consistency CA, pelvic fixation, CBD-correction ≥ 30 mm and fixed-vertebra ≥ 8 were risk factors for CM happening after surgery using multivariate regression analysis (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The coronal alignments in ASD patients underwent long-fusion surgeries may deteriorate during follow-up, for which the risk factors include the consistency CA, age ≥ 60, fixed-vertebra ≥ 8, CBD-correction ≥ 30 mm and pelvic fixation.
Clinical spectrum of Transthyretin amyloidogenic mutations among diverse population origins
Authors: De Lillo Antonella , Pathak Gita A. , Low Aislinn , De Angelis Flavio , Abou Alaiwi Sarah , Miller Edward J. , Fuciarelli Maria , Polimanti Renato
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Coding mutations in the Transthyretin (TTR) gene cause a hereditary form of amyloidosis characterized by a complex genotype-phenotype correlation with limited information regarding differences among worldwide populations.

Methods

We compared 676 diverse individuals carrying TTR amyloidogenic mutations (rs138065384, Phe44Leu; rs730881165, Ala81Thr; rs121918074, His90Asn; rs76992529, Val122Ile) to 12,430 non-carriers matched by age, sex, and genetically-inferred ancestry to assess their clinical presentations across 1,693 outcomes derived from electronic health records in UK biobank.

Results

In individuals of African descent (AFR), Val122Ile mutation was linked to multiple outcomes related to the circulatory system (fold-enrichment = 2.96, p = 0.002) with the strongest associations being cardiac congenital anomalies (phecode 747.1, p = 0.003), endocarditis (phecode 420.3, p = 0.006), and cardiomyopathy (phecode 425, p = 0.007). In individuals of Central-South Asian descent (CSA), His90Asn mutation was associated with dermatologic outcomes (fold-enrichment = 28, p = 0.001). The same TTR mutation was linked to neoplasms in European-descent individuals (EUR, fold-enrichment = 3.09, p = 0.003). In EUR, Ala81Thr showed multiple associations with respiratory outcomes related (fold-enrichment = 3.61, p = 0.002), but the strongest association was with atrioventricular block (phecode 426.2, p = 2.81 × 10− 4). Additionally, the same mutation in East Asians (EAS) showed associations with endocrine-metabolic traits (fold-enrichment = 4.47, p = 0.003). In the cross-ancestry meta-analysis, Val122Ile mutation was associated with peripheral nerve disorders (phecode 351, p = 0.004) in addition to cardiac congenital anomalies (fold-enrichment = 6.94, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Overall, these findings highlight that TTR amyloidogenic mutations present ancestry-specific and ancestry-convergent associations related to a range of health domains. This supports the need to increase awareness regarding the range of outcomes associated with TTR mutations across worldwide populations to reduce misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis of TTR-related amyloidosis.
Mimesis and Mythos in Aristotelian Arabic Poetics
Authors: Harb Lara
Published: March 2024

The Aristotelian sense of mimesis (i.e., fictional representation of an evoked world through plot and characters) continues to shape modern views of literature. The medieval Arabic reception of the concept of mimesis and its closely related concept of mythos (fable, story, or plot) through Aristotle’s Poetics reveals a different conception of literature—one that this article argues is not representational but analogical. While Aristotle sees mythos/plot as forming the main vehicle through which mimesis manifests itself in poetry, mythos (khurāfa) according to the philosophers of the Islamic world was irrelevant for the poetic. This is because they understood mythos not as “plot” but as referring, on the one hand, to the fictionality and fantasticness of poetic metaphor, which they deemed inessential for the success of poetry; on the other hand, they understood mythos as “story,” in which case they relegated to it a rhetorical function of persuasion rather than a poetic function of make-believe. Fundamentally, in both the poetic and the rhetorical, mimesis was understood as the expression of the comparable, not the representation of the likeness of an evoked world. This exposes an Arabic conception of “mimesis” that reflects a literature that seeks comparisons and demands the inference of similarities from the reader.
Lost Daughters and Sunken Ships
Authors: Young Hershini Bhana
Published: March 2024

This essay develops the idea of salvage as a material practice around ships’ cargo and as an archival epistemology. Using a legal court case concerning 43 million dollars worth of silver bars salvaged from the wreck of the SS Tilawa, a website constructed by the son of one of the survivors of the wreck, and the Facebook story of drowned South African cadet Akhona Marara Felicity Geveza, the essay centers the nonevent that unfolded in the wake of the supposed catastrophe. It focuses on the role of economic extraction in creating the historically entangled Indian and African diasporas. The piece insists on salvage as a material practice, as a methodology, and as a mode of temporality that oscillates between the cacophony of a present and the silence of shadowy depths. The threading throughout the essay of the autobiographical, mainly through readings of the author's Indian father's unpublished memoirs as he journeyed from India to Pretoria, stresses the role of misremembering and the tangibility of an archive contained in pillowcases and written in fading ink.
Epiphytic Lives
Authors: Chea Jolie
Published: March 2024

This essay troubles the application of Marianne Hirsch's concept of “postmemory” to the Cambodian postwar generation's relationship to the Khmer Rouge regime and the war, instead proposing the term “nonmemory” as a description of what we who are not survivors of that war tend to understand as an absence of narrative regarding the war and the regime. In doing so, it calls attention not to the silence of Cambodian survivors but to Cambodian American second-generation treatments of survivor silence. Instead of “breaking the silence,” it offers for the purposes of deep and critical contemplation the figure of the kapok tree, reputable and fabled to Cambodians, toward a concept of the epiphytic, understood as a multilayered life-giving, anti- and de-colonial force in nature.
Beyond Double Identity, beyond Periphery: Chinese Ethnic Korean Poetry as Borderland Literature
Authors: Xie Miya Qiong
Published: March 2024

In East Asia, Chinese ethnic Korean literature has drawn scholarly attention from Chinese, South Korean, and Japanese scholars. They mostly situate the literature within a “double identity” (ijung chŏngch’esŏng 이중정체성) that is both Korean and Chinese and examine how the literature sheds light on the relations and tensions between the two sides of the identity. This article explores the critical potential of the literature beyond the limits of a double identity and within a borderland milieu. The Yanbian Ethnic Korean Autonomous Prefecture is located along the northeast border of China and is adjacent to the Korean Peninsula, Russia, and Japan. Through a close reading of the early postwar poetry produced in the region by the representative Chinese ethnic Korean poet Ri Uk, the article examines how Chinese ethnic Korean literature may serve as a nexus of connection and negotiation among multiple cultures. Those who are familiar with the region know that these cultures have been deeply alienated from each other during multiple rounds of imperialization by regional and global powers. A close examination of the multilateral connection of a borderland ethnic literature with regional power holders offers insights into the ways cultures connect despite historical conflicts and ideological opposition.
The antibacterial efficiency of Chitosan photodynamically activated Phycocyanin, and Morinda Oleifera against S.mutans and the bonding strength between composite resin and caries-affected dentin
Authors: Alanzi Amer , Ali Khan Azmat , Amer Mahmood  , Mohammad Amjad Kamal  , Eisha Abrar Baig
Published: March 2024

Objective: Evaluation of contemporary disinfection techniques, Moringa Oleifera (M.Oleifera), Phycocyanin activated by photodynamic therapy (PDT), and Chitosan, on S.mutans survival rate and bond integrity of composite to carious-affected dentin (CAD).

Methods: The in vitro study was conducted at King Saud University and concluded within three months. Sixty mandibular teeth with cavities extending to the middle third of the dentin were sterilized. S.mutans was inoculated onto the CAD surface of twenty samples. The samples were randomly divided into four groups (n: 15) based on various disinfection regimes. Group-1 received 2% CHX, Group-2 Phycocyanin activated by photodynamic therapy (PDT), Group-3 Chitosan, and Group-4 M.oleifera. S.mutans survival rate was calculated. Ten CAD samples from each group were restored using composite. The bond integrity of samples was assessed using a Universal testing machine (UTM) and failure mode using a stereomicroscope. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s Post Hoc test were used to calculate statistical significance (p=0.05).

Results: Group-2 samples subjected to Phycocyanin activated using PDT, displayed minimal survival rate (0.24 ± 0.05 CFU/ml) of S.mutans.Group-1 samples treated with CHX exhibited the highest count of S.mutans (0.69 ± 0.12 CFU/ml). The most robust bond was observed in Group-3 (Chitosan) samples (19.33 ± 0.47 MPa). In contrast, SBS values were lowest in Group-1 (CHX) treated study samples (13.17 ± 1.88 MPa).

Conclusion: Chitosan, Phycocyanin activated by PDT, and Moringa Oleifera extract exhibit potential as viable substitutes for chlorhexidine (CHX) in clinical settings, presenting the possibility of better eradication of S.mutans and greater adhesive strength to CAD.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8800

How to cite this: Alanazi AM, Khan AA, Mahmood A, Kamal MA, Baig EA. The antibacterial efficiency of Chitosan photodynamically activated Phycocyanin, and Morinda Oleifera against S.mutans and the bonding strength between composite resin and caries-affected dentin. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8800

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A systematic investigation of detectors for low signal-to-noise ratio EMG signals
Authors: Yuvaraj Monisha , Raja Priyanka , David Ann , Burdet Etienne , SKM Varadhan , Balasubramanian Sivakumar
Published: March 2024

Background Active participation of stroke survivors during robot-assisted movement therapy is essential for sensorimotor recovery. Robot-assisted therapy contingent on movement intention is an effective way to encourage patients’ active engagement. For severely impaired stroke patients with no residual movements, a surface electromyogram (EMG) has been shown to be a viable option for detecting movement intention. Although numerous algorithms for EMG detection exist, the detector with the highest accuracy and lowest latency for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) remains unknown. Methods This study, therefore, investigates the performance of 13 existing EMG detection algorithms on simulated low SNR (0dB and -3dB) EMG signals generated using three different EMG signal models: Gaussian, Laplacian, and biophysical model. The detector performance was quantified using the false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), and detection latency. Any detector that consistently showed FPR and FNR of no more than 20%, and latency of no more than 50ms, was considered an appropriate detector for use in robot-assisted therapy. Results The results indicate that the Modified Hodges detector – a simplified version of the threshold-based Hodges detector introduced in the current study – was the most consistent detector across the different signal models and SNRs. It consistently performed for ~90% and ~40% of the tested trials for 0dB and -3dB SNR, respectively. The two statistical detectors (Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood Ratio) and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors have a slightly lower performance than Modified Hodges. Conclusions Overall, the Modified Hodges, Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood Ratio, and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors were identified as the potential candidates that warrant further investigation with real surface EMG data since they had consistent detection performance on low SNR EMG data.
A study on health care utilization and out of pocket expenditure in rural central India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hepat Ankita , Chakole Dr. Swarupa
Published: March 2024

Background Out-of-pocket health expenditures have significant adverse effects, potentially resulting in impoverishment and impacting the quality of life. Awareness of patterns of healthcare utilization and out-of-pocket expenses is essential for informing healthcare scheme decisions. According to estimates from the World Health Organization in 2005, illness and the financial strain of healthcare costs force 25 million households into poverty each year. The goal of the study is to assess the proportion of households incurring out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) and The mean quality expended by households on healthcare. Methods In Wardha district, a cross-sectional study will be conducted. The pre-tested semi-structured survey will be administered to examine a sample of adult age groups, to identify sociodemographic data, utilization of healthcare services, and OOPE. A sample of 246 participants was selected by random sample method. Conclusion This study will help to improve and assess healthcare utilization and reduce out-of-pocket expenditures that lead to catastrophe and impoverishment. Awareness of the participants about health insurance. And they were known about the healthcare services.
SOME ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF MONITORING OF TRICHINELLOSIS IN THE KIROV REGION AND THE KOMI REPUBLIC
Authors: Zhdanova Olga B. , Okulova Iraida I. , Chasоvkikh Olga V.
Published: March 2024

Background. Гельминт Trichinellа относится к классу Nematoda (Rudolphi, 1808); к отряду Trichocephalida (Skrjabin et Schulz, 1928); вид Trichinella spiralis (spiralis) (Owen, 1835) имеются также различные вариететы. В данном исследовании изучен вариетет Trichinellа spiralisIn order to prevent trichinosis in the population and animals, methods of diagnosis of trichinosis are widely used.

Purpose. The aim of this work was to study the distribution of trichinosis among wild animals of the Kirov region and the Komi Republic and to analyze the localization of Trichinella sp. in the muscles of animals and the features of their capsules in various animal species by the methods of trichinelloscopy and the digestion of muscle tissue in artificial gastric juice.

Materials and methods. The capsule index was calculated using morphometric analysis. The most sensitive among the methods of postmortal diagnostics is the method of digestion of muscle tissue in artificial gastric juice, therefore it is used as a method for clarifying the diagnosis in doubtful cases (sarcocystosis, alariosis).

Results. The article provides data on the distribution of trichinosis in wild animals of the Kirov region and the Komi Republic. Information on the selective distribution of Trichinella larvae in wild animals, the morphological features of the capsules and the intensity of invasion in various animals are presented.

Conclusion. Thus, it has been established that the distribution of  Trichinella larvae in muscle depends on the species of animals and parasites.
EVALUATION OF THE RESISTANCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI REGARDING PLANT EXTRACTS ON MODELS OF PLANKTONIC CELLS AND BIOFILM
Authors: Khabaeva Zinaida G. , Agaeva Fatima A. , Marzoeva Diana A. , Burnatseva Alina A. , Butkhudze Veriko D.
Published: March 2024

The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was assessed using two ecological models: planktonic cells and biofilms. As herbal preparations, 8 official medicinal plants with pronounced antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, purchased in the pharmacy network, produced by ZAO Krasnogorskleksredstva and collected in North Ossetia-Alania, were used. Antibiofilm activity was determined in common garlic (Allium sativum) and common thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Used pomace from the green mass of plants, alcohol tinctures.

The severity of the antibacterial activity of the tested preparations was determined by the standardized Kerby-Bauer method. To create an artificial biofilm, the method of isolated biofilm and the method of culturing static biofilms in liquid were used; to assess the relative growth rates, staining with gen-cyan violet was carried out.

The conducted studies (pomace from the green mass of plants) in relation to the culture of Staphylococcus aureus revealed either the absence of a zone of growth inhibition (Pinus sylvestris, Thuja occidentalis) or the presence of a low sensitivity of planktonic cells to the tested preparations. When using the dry mass of pharmaceutical preparations (alcohol tinctures), antibacterial activity against planktonic Staphylococcus aureus cells was detected in extracts of garlic and common thyme (high), coltsfoot and eucalyptus rod (sufficient). Escherichia coli strains were resistant to almost all tested drugs (no growth retardation or low sensitivity). Antibiofilm activity was manifested only at the growth stage (stable adhesion) when using extracts of garlic and common thyme in relation to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF APPLE FRUIT OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES GROWN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGEA
Authors: Tsikunib Aminet D. , Demchenko Yulia A. , Ezlyu Fatima N. , Pavliuchenko Svetlana A. , Osmani Sumeya A.
Published: March 2024

Background. Apple fruits are a valuable food product with a unique chemical composition that determines the taste and biological value. The chemical composition of fruits depends on the variety of apples, ripening terms, conditions and place of growth, which makes research relevant in the conditions of a certain region, including the Republic of Adygea, where horticulture not only has deep historical roots, but has been actively reviving and developing in recent decades. with the use of new technologies and the introduction of new varieties.

Target. Carrying out a comprehensive assessment of the quality and biological value of apple fruits of different varieties grown in the conditions of the Republic of Adygea on the basis of a study of organoleptic, physicochemical and biochemical indicators.

Materials and methods. The objects of the study were samples of apple fruits of the agricultural enterprise LLC “Yumiks” of 5 varieties: Braeburn, Granny Smith, Idared, Florina, Simirenko, grown in the conditions of the Republic of Adygea. In the samples under study, the determination of organoleptic, physicochemical and biochemical parameters was carried out: soluble solids (SS), titratable acids per malic acid, vitamin C, total sugars, iron, polyphenol oxidase activity, antioxidant activity (AOA). Statistical data processing was carried out in MS Excel 2016.

Results. For the first time, on the basis of a complex of organoleptic, physicochemical and biochemical methods, studies of apple varieties grown in the Republic of Adygea were carried out: Florina, Idared, Granny Smith, Braeburn, Simirenko. It has been established that the highest index of sensory quality has apple varieties Braeburn and Simirenko, the Braeburn variety is distinguished by a high content of solids and sugars, more harmonious taste, i.e. the optimal ratio of sugar to acid is found in the Braeburn and Florina varieties. The highest content of vitamin C and bioavailable iron is characteristic of Braeburn and Simirenko apple varieties. Polyphenol oxidase activity in Simirenko, Idared and Florina varieties was higher than in samples of other varieties, while a higher AOA value was found in Granny Smith.

Conclusion. The data obtained by us on the basis of a comprehensive study of apple varieties new to the Republic of Adygea, but already in a certain consumer demand, will allow us to give an objective assessment of their contribution to the biological value of the diets of various population groups, and also, subject to further monitoring studies, can be used gardeners of the Republic of Adygea when expanding the area under varieties with the highest taste and stable indicators of biological value.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MODIFIER FOR GIVING MATERIALS FROM EFFICIENTLY PROCESSED WOOD BIOMASS SPECIAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Zyryanov Mikhail A. , Medvedev Sergey O. , Kukushkin Alexey A. , Kuchina Kseniya Yu. , Kositsyna Anna S. , Root Evgeny V.
Published: March 2024

Background. Wood is a unique material in its structure. However, materials made from wood raw materials have such negative properties as insufficient bio- and fire-resistance. In turn, when organizing and improving the efficiency of logging activity, large amounts of practically unused cutting residues is produced. Their modification for the purposes of the forest industry is an effective tool for creating many valuable and demanded products. In particular, arilazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds are widely used as syntons for the production of heterocyclic compounds. Among heterocycles, a large number of compounds have found application in the form of biologically active substances that have been successfully and for a long time used as pesticides for the wood processing industry.

Purpose. Synthesis of p-nitrophenyl hydrobutanons, cyclocondensation to form pyrazoles and study of their chemical properties of the substances first obtained. Proof of structure by modern spectral analysis methods.

Materials and Methods. Research methods include: organic synthesis; UV spectrometry, 1H NMR, 13H NMR.

Results. Four new compounds were synthesized: 4-methoxy-1-(p-chloro(bromo)phenyl)-2-(p-nitrophenylhydrazo)-1,2,3-butantrions and 3(5)-methoxy-5(3)-(p-chloro(bromo)phenyl)-4-(p-nitrophenylhydrazo)-1H-pyrazoles. Amines were prepared by the reduction of the related nitrosopyrazoles. The acylation reaction was demonstrated for the obtained amine. The structures of all synthesized compounds were proved by modern methods of analysis.

Conclusion. Thus, we synthesized p-nitrophenylhydrazobutanetriones with a chloro(bromo)phenyl substituent, their cyclization products with hydrazine, and N-(5-(4-chloro(bromo)phenyl)-3-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)acetamides based on them. The structure of the obtained substances was determined by spectral methods of analysis.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF USING WOOD BIOMASS BY PROVIDING SPECIAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Zyryanov Mikhail A. , Medvedev Sergey O. , Kukushkin Alexey A. , Ponomarev Ilya S. , Gavrilova Natalya A. , Volkova Darya S. , Root Evgeny V.
Published: March 2024

Background. The search for ways to use logging waste is a distinct scientific direction, due to the large number of their permanent formation. The importance of such studies is associated with the need to reduce the loss of valuable wood raw materials in the form of logging waste. One of the possible ways of using waste from logging industries is the production of wood chips using a mobile complex of machines with its further recycling into a wood-fiber semi-finished product. Wood-fiber semi-finished product is, as it is known nowadays, one of the environmentally friendly types of insulation and finishing materials. A significant limitation in the use of wood fiber in various types of production is low fire and bio-resistance. As a consequence, imparting specific properties to a wood-fiber semi-finished product in the form of fire and bio-resistance is an acute problem of the modern wood processing industry.

Purpose. Synthesis of 4-azofunctionalized pyrazoles with perfluoroalkyl substituent by cyclocondensation of polyfluorinated beta-diketones to confer special properties to the wood-fiber semi-finished product.

Materials and methods. The 1H, 13C NMR and 1H-13C HSQC spectra were registered at the Krasnoyarsk Regional Center for Collective Use of the FITC KNC SB RAS on a Bruker Avance III Fourier spectrometer with a frequency of 600 MHz equipped with sensitive helium probes with a diameter of 5 mm and 1.7 mm. TMS is used as an internal standard. Chromato-mass spectra were obtained using ISQ 7610 Single Quadrupole GC-MS and Shimadzu LC/MS-2020 instruments. Methyl alcohol was used as the mobile phase. IR spectra were recorded on the FT-801 (FT-801) SIMEX IR Fourier spectrometer with a spectral range from 450 to 5700 cm-1. UV spectra were recorded on a HELIOS OMEGA spectrophotometer equipped with a tungsten-halogen lamp in quartz cuvettes with a diameter of 1 cm at a concentration of 1·10-4 mol/l for 200-400 nm and a concentration of 1·10-2 mol/l for 400-800 nm in ethanol. Melting temperatures were determined in open capillaries on a PTP device (TU 25-11-1144-76).

Results. 3 new compounds were synthesized: 3(5)-(thiophene-2-yl)-4-nitroso-5(3)-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole, 3(5)-phenyl-4-nitroso-5(3)-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole and 3(5)-(naphthalene-2-yl)-4-nitroso-5(3)-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole.

Conclusion. Thus, 3(5)-(thiophene-2-yl)-4-nitroso-5(3)-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole, 3(5)-phenyl-4-nitroso-5(3)-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole and 3(5)-(naphthalene-2-yl)-4-nitroso-5(3)-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole. Complex separable mixtures of substances containing pyrazoline, β-diketone and target nitrosopyrazoles were formed by a single-reactor method. The two-stage method of production proposed by us increases the purity and yield of the target products.
HEALTH PRESERVATION OF SUBJECTS AS THE BASIS AND GOAL OF THE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMANDERS OF THE RUSSIAN NATIONAL GUARD TROOPS (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)
Authors: Timochkin Anton S. , Utyuganov Aleksey A. , Bolshakova Valentina M.
Published: March 2024

Background. The work of the commanders of units of the National Guard Troops, aimed at protecting the health of their subordinates, acts as one of the most important components of the management activities of the commanders of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation. The results of the effectiveness of the work of the commanders of units for the protection of the health of subordinates of the Faculty of Special Forces of the Novosibirsk Military Institute of the VNG of the Russian Federation were studied and summarized. The focus on the health protection of subordinates lies in the fact that this is primarily associated with the performance of labor-intensive and specific functions by subordinates, and their performance in daily life of a wide range of tasks, as well as an increase in the service and combat load. The list of tasks assigned to the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation is determined by its diversity, and requires adequate management of subordinates at all its levels. The variety of tasks performed by servicemen (employees) implies possible deviations in professional behavior, as well as a weakening of physical abilities that they cannot always cope with on their own, which is why a serviceman, as a subject of health conservation, requires a special approach and study.

Materials and methods. The questionnaire method was used as a method of collecting empirical data. In total, 90 commanders of units of different levels of the Faculty of Special Forces of the Novosibirsk Military Institute named after General of the Army I.K. Yakovlev of the National Guard Troops.

Results. The study showed the leading role of unit commanders in the work of saving and maintaining the health of subordinates in the framework of managerial activities. It is assumed that the formed managerial competencies of commanders directly affect the level of safety and health promotion of subordinate military personnel.

Conclusion. The existing system of health saving in the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation has specifics and determines the features of the formation of health-saving behavior of military personnel, reflecting the requirements of the military organization and characterized by a system of values, norms and attitudes. The conclusion is made about the presence of objective problems in the knowledge of the theoretical aspects by the commanders of subdivisions (mainly junior command level) of the legal framework of labor protection.
Linking Clicks to Bricks: Understanding the Effects of Email Advertising on Multichannel Sales
Authors: Zhou Mi , Abhishek Vibhanshu , Kennedy Edward H. , Srinivasan Kannan , Sinha Ritwik
Published: March 2024

Businesses have widely used email ads to directly send promotional information to consumers. Whereas email ads serve as a convenient tool that allows firms to target consumers online, there is little evidence of their multichannel impact on consumer spending in both online and brick-and-mortar stores. In this paper, we utilize a unique high-dimensional data set from one of the world’s largest office supplies retailers to link each consumer’s online behaviors to item-level purchase records in physical stores. We employ a doubly robust estimator that incorporates nonparametric machine learning methods for causal estimation of observational data. Our results show that email ads significantly increase the retailer’s sales across different channels. We also investigate the effects of email ads on diverse consumer behaviors along the purchase funnel and find that increased sales result from increased purchase probability and a wider variety of products purchased by consumers. Further, we examine several moderating factors, such as product types and consumer segments, that influence the multichannel effects of email advertising. Our study provides empirical evidence for the economic impact of email ads on consumer behavior across different channels and the underlying mechanisms thereof, offering direct implications for multichannel retailers seeking to improve their digital marketing strategies.
Distortions Caused by Lending Fee Retention
Authors: Johnson Travis L. , Weitzner Gregory
Published: March 2024

Some mutual funds retain a fraction of securities lending income by employing in-house lending agents. In a model with heterogeneous investors and endogenous delegation to mutual funds, we show that a subset of funds optimally engages in lending fee retention and as a result, overweights high lending fee stocks that endogenously underperform. We find empirical evidence consistent with our model’s predictions; active mutual funds we identify as fee retainers invest more in high-fee stocks and underperform relative to both nonretaining and nonlending funds. We also show that fee retention helps explain the negative relation between lending fees and future fee-inclusive stock returns.

This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.01390 .
Cardiotoxicity induced by capecitabine and oxaliplatin in gastric cancer treatment: a rare case of cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock
Authors: Gondal Muhammad Umer Riaz , Lemoine John , Segal Jared , Kiyani Zainab , Bilal Muhammad Ibraiz , Ansari Fawwad , McCauley Brian
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Combination-based adjuvant chemotherapy utilising capecitabine and oxaliplatin is widely used in gastric cancer treatment. Rare but severe cardiac events such as prolonged QT, cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock can result from their use. Case description: A 45-year-old female with gastric adenocarcinoma was started on capecitabine-oxaliplatin chemotherapy one week before presenting to the emergency department with weakness. Blood pressure was 78/56 mmHg, heart rate 140 bpm and oxygen saturation 85%. She became unresponsive with pulseless ventricular fibrillation; CPR was initiated with immediate intubation. She received two shocks with a return of spontaneous circulation. Laboratory tests revealed serum potassium (3.1 mmol/l), magnesium (1.1 mg/dl) and troponin (0.46 ng/ml). An EKG revealed sinus tachycardia with a prolonged QT interval (556 ms). The combined effects of capecitabine, oxaliplatin and electrolyte abnormalities likely contributed to the QT prolongation. An echocardiogram demonstrated an ejection fraction of 10%–15%. An emergent right-heart catheterisation showed right atrial pressure of 10 mmHg and pulmonary artery pressure of 30/18 mmHg; cardiac output and index were not recorded. An intra-aortic balloon pump was placed, and she was admitted to the ICU for cardiogenic shock requiring norepinephrine, vasopressin and dobutamine. A repeat echocardiogram showed a significantly improved ejection fraction of 65%, and she was discharged. Discussion: Capecitabine and oxaliplatin cardiotoxicity is an exceedingly rare occurrence, with both drugs reported to cause QT prolongation. Conclusion: Healthcare providers must recognise the QT prolongation effects of capecitabine and oxaliplatin, leading to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
Multidisciplinary approach toward enhanced recovery after surgery for total knee arthroplasty improves outcomes
Authors: Nag Deb Sanjay , Swain Amlan , Sahu Seelora , Sahoo Ayaskant , Wadhwa Gunjan
Published: March 2024

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative disorder of the knee, which leads to joint pain, stiffness, and inactivity and significantly affects the quality of life. With an increased prevalence of obesity and greater life expectancies, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is now one of the major arthroplasty surgeries performed for knee osteoarthritis. When enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) was introduced in TKA, clinical outcomes were enhanced and the economic burden on the healthcare system was reduced. ERAS is an evidence-based scientific protocol aimed at ameliorating the surgical stress response. ERAS aims to enhance the recovery phase, which encompasses multidisciplinary strategies at every step of perioperative care, including the rehabilitation phase. Implementation of ERAS in TKA aids in reducing the length of hospital stay, improving pain management, reducing perioperative complications, and enhancing patient satisfaction. Multidisciplinary collaboration, integrating the expertise of anesthesiologists, orthopedic surgeons, nursing personnel, and other healthcare professionals, is the cornerstone of ERAS in patients undergoing TKA.
Efficacy and safety of minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia for ovarian cancer
Authors: Qin Xian , Chen Chen , Liu Yang , Hua Xian-Hong , Li Jia-Yi , Liang Meng-Jie , Wu Fang
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in female reproductive system in the world, and the choice of its treatment is very important for the survival rate and prognosis of patients. Traditional open surgery is the main treatment for ovarian cancer, but it has the disadvantages of big trauma and slow recovery. With the continuous development of minimally invasive technology, minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia has been gradually applied to the treatment of ovarian cancer because of its advantages of less trauma and quick recovery. However, the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia in the treatment of ovarian cancer are still controversial.

AIM

To explore the efficacy and safety of general anesthesia minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

METHODS

The clinical data of 90 patients with early ovarian cancer in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. According to the different surgical treatment methods, patients were divided into study group and control group (45 cases in each group). The study group received minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia for ovarian cancer, while the control group received traditional open surgery for ovarian cancer. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were compared.

RESULTS

The intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, postoperative gas evacuation time, and postoperative EORTC QLQ-C30 score of the study group were significantly better than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The two groups had no significant differences in the preoperative adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), androstenedione (AD), cortisol (Cor), cluster of differentiation 3 positive (CD3+), and cluster of differentiation 4 positive (CD4+) indexes (P > 0.05). In contrast, postoperatively, the study group's ACTH, AD, and Cor indexes were lower, and the CD3+ and CD4+ indexes were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia in patients with early ovarian cancer can significantly improve the efficacy and safety, improve the short-term prognosis and quality of life of patients, and is worth popularizing.
Unexplained fetal tachycardia: A case report
Authors: Wang Hui , Duan Run-Zi , Bai Xin-Jiu , Zhang Bing-Ting , Wang Jie , Song Wen-Xia
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to explore the possible etiology and treatment of severe fetal tachycardia in the absence of organic disease and provide a reference for clinical management of severe fetal tachycardia.

CASE SUMMARY

A 29-year-old pregnant woman, with a gravidity 1 parity 0, presented with a fetal heart rate (FHR) of 243 beats per minute during a routine antenatal examination at 31 + 2 wk of gestation. Before termination of pregnancy at 38 wk of gestation, the FHR repeatedly showed serious abnormalities, lasting more than 30 min. However, the pregnant woman and the fetus had no clinical symptoms, and repeated examination revealed no organic lesions. The mother and the baby were regularly followed up.

CONCLUSION

This was a case of severe fetal tachycardia with no organic lesions and management based on clinical experience.
Enhanced optical vector bottle beams with obscured nodal surfaces
Authors: Perez Nicolas , Preece Daryl
Published: March 2024

Optical bottle beams, characterized by their unique three-dimensional dark core, have garnered substantial interest due to their potential applications across multiple domains of science and technology. This paper delves into the current methods used to create these beams and provides a method to obscure their nodal planes through coaxial non-interfering orthogonally polarized beams to generate bottle beams with enhanced uniformity. Experimental and theoretical results show the enhanced vector bottle beam maintains a smaller, more spherically uniform potential well and interesting quasi-particle polarization characteristics.
Physical layer security scheme for key concealment and distribution based on carrier scrambling
Authors: Weng Zongheng , Ren Jianxin , Liu Bo , Mao YaYa , Wu Xiangyu , Song Xiumin , Chen Shuaidong , Ma Yiming , Zhao Nan , Yu Yongyi , Wu Yongfeng
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to present a physical layer security scheme for key concealment and distribution based on carrier scrambling. The three-dimensional (3D) Lorenz system is used to generate independent chaotic sequences that encrypt the information with bit, constellation and subcarrier. In order to realize the flexible distribution of the key and ensure its security, the key information is loaded into a specific subcarrier. While key subcarrier and the ciphertext subcarrier are scrambled simultaneously. The encrypted key position information is processed and transmitted in conjunction with the training sequence (TS) to facilitate demodulation by the legitimate receiver. The processed TS can accommodate up to 10 key position information, thereby demonstrating the scheme's exceptional scalability. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can safely transmit 131.80 Gb/s Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals across 2 km 7-core fiber. Meanwhile, the scheme enables simultaneous flexible distribution and concealment of the key, thereby offering a promising solution for physical layer security.
20 Watt single-frequency 509 nm laser by single-pass second harmonic generation in an LBO crystal
Authors: Han Lu , Zeng Xin , Cheng Xin , Yang Xuezong , Feng Yan
Published: March 2024

High power 509 nm continuous-wave (CW) lasers have important applications in science and communication. Here we demonstrate a robust high-power single-frequency 509 nm laser system based on nonlinear phase demodulation technique and single-pass second harmonic generation (SHG) configuration. In experiments, the single-frequency fundamental wave at 1018 nm was linewidth-broadened by an electro-optical modulator and then amplified to 207 W in a ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier. In subsequent single-pass SHG stage, over 20 W CW single-frequency 509 nm laser was generated in a LiB3O5 crystal with a SHG efficiency of 9.7%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported power for CW single-frequency 509 nm laser, which could be used for advanced underwater optical communication and preparation of cesium Rydberg state.
Direct generation of a 635 nm red random laser based on praseodymium (Pr)-doped ZBLAN fiber
Authors: Dong Zhipeng , Yao Yongjia , He Mingyue , Yang Xinyun , Jia Wencheng , Wang Hang , Luo Zhengqian
Published: March 2024

Visible random fiber lasers have garnered significant attention due to their unique emission properties and potential applications in various fields. We first, to the best of our knowledge, demonstrated a compact all-fiber structure, red wavelength, and random fiber laser (RFL) based on a double-clad Pr-doped ZBLAN fiber. The simple half-open cavity consists of a high-reflectivity fiber pigtail mirror and the Pr-doped ZBLAN fiber. The Pr-doped ZBLAN fiber not only served as a gain medium but also offered random backward scattering. We investigated the effects of different lengths on output power and slope efficiency of the RFL. For 21 m Pr-doped fiber, the RFL emitted a maximum output power of 208.50 mW with a slope efficiency of 11.09%. For 15 m Pr-doped fiber, the maximum power decreased to 120.18 mW with the slope efficiency of 7.27%. We are also numerically simulating the output power versus the pump power at different fiber lengths based on power steady-state light propagation equations. This novel RFL has the potential for broad applications in fields such as display technology, spectroscopy, biomedical imaging, and optical sensing due to its unique properties and simple all-fiber structure.
Mn2+/Mg2+ co-doped AlON ceramic with ultra-narrowband green emission combining high transparency toward a wide gamut backlight application
Authors: Zhou Xiaolan , Chen Shengyuan , Zhang Cong , Huang Xu , Lu Kailei , Qi Jianqi , Lu Tiecheng
Published: March 2024

Narrowband green-emission, combined with superior physicochemical stability and thermal performance, is regarded as a common pursuit in backlight display applications. However, mainstream phosphor-converted materials composed of resin or silicone resin easily encounter the dilemma of thermal decomposition and chemical corrosion for practical use. To overcome this problem, in this work, Mn2+/Mg2+ co-doped AlON ceramic is successfully realized with ultra-narrowband green-emission and high transparency. The luminescent property of AlON: Mn2+–Mg2+ ceramic exhibits narrowband green emission centered at 509 nm with a full width at half maximum of 36 nm, which is smaller than the corresponding powder counterpart (44 nm). Moreover, AlON: Mn2+–Mg2+ ceramic presents a wide color gamut (103.6%) and high color purity (74%). Concurrently, high transmittance of this ceramic, at 82%, unveils a potential innovation in the display technology field. This work may facilitate the development of narrowband green light-emitting converters based on AlON: Mn2+–Mg2+ transparent ceramics in large color gamut backlight display applications.