bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green spectrofluorimetric methods for tramadol assay with ibuprofen or chlorzoxazone: comparison of greenness profiles
Authors: Abdel Moneim Mona M. , Hamdy Mohamed M. A.
Published: October 2020

At this time, green analytical chemistry is gaining more interest and concern. The present work details three green spectrofluorimetric methods for tramadol (TRM) determination using ibuprofen (IBU) (mixture 1) and chlorzoxazone (CLZ) (mixture 2). In first method, two excitation wavelengths (λex), 220 and 280 nm, were used to record the emission spectra for IBU and TRM, respectively (mixture 1) followed by a first derivative treatment. For mixture 2, one λex (280 nm) was optimum for both drugs followed by a first derivative technique for TRM and a second derivative for CLZ determinations. The second method measured the first derivative values for synchronous spectra using constant‐wavelength mode at 280 nm for TRM and 260 nm for IBU, and at 270 nm for TRM and 292 nm for CLZ. The third method used constant‐energy mode to record synchronous spectra. First derivative values were computed at 282 nm for TRM and 260 nm for IBU in mixture 1 and at 272 nm for TRM and 292 nm for CLZ in mixture 2. ICH validation guidelines were assessed in full and assay of the two TRM binary mixtures in their drug products was successful. Green profile evaluation for the developed methods compared with the reported chromatographic methods was performed using the ‘analytical eco‐scale’ and the ‘green analytical procedure index’. These two assessment tools corroborated that the proposed methods achieved the most green parameters, therefore recommending their use as a green option for analyzing the studied drugs in bulk and dosage forms for routine quality control.
Regional variability of integral intensity of bioluminescence of hydrobionts in the waters of the Black Sea in the summer period under the influence of hydrophysical processes
Authors: Mel'nikova Ye.B. , Serebrennikov A.N. , Melnikov A.V.
Published: October 2020

Characterization of hydrobionts concentrations in coastal and deep‐water areas of the Black Sea during the summer was carried out to analyse features related to the vertical distribution of bioluminescence intensity in the phytoplankton community. The thermohaline structure of the water and regional characteristics of eddy formations determined from satellite measurements of sea level anomalies were taken into account. Integral intensity of bioluminescence of hydrobionts (IIBH) was used to comparatively assess total biomass variability and the numbers of hydrobionts in the considered regions. The highest IIBH, averaging 37 830 pW·cm−2·L−1, was observed at stations located on the south‐western shelf of the Crimea; high levels of bioluminescence intensity of hydrobionts in this layer were located at depths of 15–23 m. For stations located in the Kerch pre‐strait area, most of which were in the divergence zone, the average IIBH was quite high (30 530 pW·cm−2·l−1), second only to the value recorded for the shallow south‐western shelf.
Neuroprotective effects of flavone luteolin in neuroinflammation and neurotrauma
Authors: Kempuraj Duraisamy , Thangavel Ramasamy , Kempuraj Deepak D. , Ahmed Mohammad Ejaz , Selvakumar Govindhasamy Pushpavathi , Raikwar Sudhanshu P. , Zaheer Smita A. , Iyer Shankar S. , Govindarajan Raghav , Chandrasekaran Premkumar Nattanmai , Zaheer Asgar
Published: October 2020

Neuroinflammation leads to neurodegeneration, cognitive defects, and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurotrauma/traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause activation of glial cells, neurons, and neuroimmune cells in the brain to release neuroinflammatory mediators. Neurotrauma leads to immediate primary brain damage (direct damage), neuroinflammatory responses, neuroinflammation, and late secondary brain damage (indirect) through neuroinflammatory mechanism. Secondary brain damage leads to chronic inflammation and the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, there are no effective and specific therapeutic options to treat these brain damages or neurodegenerative diseases. Flavone luteolin is an important natural polyphenol present in several plants that show anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cytoprotective, and macrophage polarization effects. In this short review article, we have reviewed the neuroprotective effects of luteolin in neurotrauma and neurodegenerative disorders and pathways involved in this mechanism. We have collected data for this study from publications in the PubMed using the keywords luteolin and mast cells, neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and TBI. Recent reports suggest that luteolin suppresses systemic and neuroinflammatory responses in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Studies have shown that luteolin exhibits neuroprotective effects through various mechanisms, including suppressing immune cell activation, such as mast cells, and inflammatory mediators released from these cells. In addition, luteolin can suppress neuroinflammatory response, activation of microglia and astrocytes, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the severity of neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and TBI pathogenesis. In conclusion, luteolin can improve cognitive decline and enhance neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases, TBI, and stroke.
6‐phenylpyrrolocytosine as a fluorescent probe to examine nucleotide flipping catalyzed by a DNA repair protein
Authors: Kotandeniya Delshanee , Rogers Melanie S. , Fernandez Jenna , Kanugula Sreenivas , Hudson Robert H. E. , Rodriguez Freddys , Lipscomb John D. , Tretyakova Natalia
Published: October 2020

Cellular exposure to tobacco‐specific nitrosamines causes formation of promutagenic O6‐[4‐oxo‐4‐(3‐pyridyl)but‐1‐yl]guanine (O6‐POB‐G) and O6‐methylguanine (O6‐Me‐G) adducts in DNA. These adducts can be directly repaired by O6‐alkylguanine‐DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). Repair begins by flipping the damaged base out of the DNA helix. AGT binding and base‐flipping have been previously studied using pyrrolocytosine as a fluorescent probe paired to the O6‐alkylguanine lesion, but low fluorescence yield limited the resolution of steps in the repair process. Here, we utilize the highly fluorescent 6‐phenylpyrrolo‐2′‐deoxycytidine (6‐phenylpyrrolo‐C) to investigate AGT‐DNA interactions. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes containing O6‐POB‐G and O6‐Me‐G adducts were placed within the CpG sites of codons 158, 245, and 248 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and base‐paired to 6‐phenylpyrrolo‐C in the opposite strand. Neighboring cytosine was either unmethylated or methylated. Stopped‐flow fluorescence measurements were performed by mixing the DNA duplexes with C145A or R128G AGT variants. We observe a rapid, two‐step, nearly irreversible binding of AGT to DNA followed by two slower steps, one of which is base‐flipping. Placing 5‐methylcytosine immediately 5′ to the alkylated guanosine causes a reduction in rate constant of nucleotide flipping. O6‐POB‐G at codon 158 decreased the base flipping rate constant by 3.5‐fold compared with O6‐Me‐G at the same position. A similar effect was not observed at other codons.
AG490 protects cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting the JAK2/3 signaling pathway
Authors: Fan Lichao , Zhou Lichun
Published: October 2020

Background

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is a severe problem in patients with brain ischemia. Brain injury caused by the immune response is important in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and immune pathways. It is important to investigate potential targets for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Methods

In this experiment, we evaluated the effect of an exogenous JAK antagonist AG490 in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury model, which was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Histology study, TUNEL staining, Western blot, and RT‐PCR were employed to examine the effects of AG490 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Results

In the brain tissue of MCAO mice, JAK2 was highly expressed. AG490 is an inhibitor of JAK2, which reduced the phosphorylation level of JAK2. AG490 downregulated the phosphorylated activation of JAK3 and their downstream STAT3. The antiapoptotic activity of AG490 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury mice was consistent with in vitro data. It reduced the phosphorylation of JAK2/JAK3/STAT3 and the apoptosis rate in cultured neurons upon apoptosis induction. Besides, we also observed the neuroprotective effects of AG490 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Administration of AG490 could further enhance the expression of neurotrophins including BNDF, NT3, and the neurotrophin receptor TrkB.

Conclusion

Therefore, AG490 is pluripotent for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through both antiapoptosis and neuroprotective activities. The antiapoptosis effect is dependent on its regulation of the JAK‐STAT pathway.
Rescue fantasies in the personal and professional relational narratives of psychotherapists
Authors: Vaknin Orly , Wiseman Hadas
Published: October 2020

This study explores rescue fantasies in the experiences of therapists in their relationship with their clients and in their personal relationships. Twenty female therapists participated in a reading procedure aimed to prompt themes of rescue followed by a relationships anecdotes paradigm (RAP) interview in which they recounted relational narratives with their parents, their own children and their clients. Adapting the Core Conflictual Relationships Themes (CCRT) method, our analysis of rescue wishes in the relational narratives leads to the identification of two major types of therapists' propensities towards rescue awareness: rescuer and dialectic. These types are characterised by different dynamics of ongoing interpersonal conflicts involved in the strength and nature of rescue fantasies. The findings reveal the dominance of rescue themes in therapists’ interpersonal and professional experiences. Our illustration of the rescue types as revealed by the narratives highlights the significance of therapists' awareness of their own rescue dynamics and its implications for training and supervision.
Synthesis of High Metal Loading Single Atom Catalysts and Exploration of the Active Center Structure
Authors: Wang Kaiying , Wang Xiaofeng , Liang Xinhua
Published: October 2020

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been rising recently as a new frontier in the catalysis field. Due to maximum atom utilization efficiency and tunable electronic structures, SACs exhibit highly distinctive catalytic performance from bulk counterparts. SACs with high metal loading will facilitate practical applications. To that end, this Review focuses on recent strategies to maximize metal loading. An appropriate substrate, mainly heteroatom‐doped carbon materials, is the key to avoiding aggregation or sintering during synthetic procedures. The coordination site construction and spatial confinement strategies are adopted to prepare SACs with high metal loading. Advanced characterization techniques with atomic resolution are indispensable for identification of the exact structure of SACs. This is true, especially for the applications and challenges in developing in situ/operando characterization techniques at the atomic level, which are discussed in this Review. Moreover, it is fundamentally necessary to investigate the active center structure, which facilitates any design of efficient SACs that can maximize single‐atom catalytic activity. Furthermore, this Review highlights challenges and prospects for development of SACs.
Rational Design and Controlled Synthesis of V‐Doped Ni3S2/NixPy Heterostructured Nanosheets for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Wensi , Zhao Huimin , Du Yunmei , Yang Yu , Li Shaoxiang , Yang Bo , Liu Yanru , Wang Lei
Published: October 2020

Rational construction of high‐efficiency and low‐cost catalysts is one of the most promising ways to produce hydrogen but remains a huge challenge. Herein, interface engineering and heteroatom doping were used to synthesize V‐doped sulfide/phosphide heterostructures on nickel foam (V‐Ni3S2/NixPy/NF) by phosphating treatment at low temperature. The incorporation of V can adjust the electronic structure of Ni3S2, expose more active sites, and protect the 3D structure of Ni foam from damage. Meanwhile, the heterogeneous interface formed between Ni3S2 and NixPy can provide abundant active sites and accelerate electron transfer. As a result, the V‐Ni3S2/NixPy/NF nanosheet catalyst exhibits outstanding activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with an extremely low overpotential of 90 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and stable durability in alkaline solution, which exceeds those most of the previously reported Ni‐based materials. This work shows that rational design by interfacial engineering and metal‐atom incorporation has a significant influence for efficient hydrogen evolution.
Butterfly and Nest‐Shaped Tp*‐W‐Cu‐S Cluster Monomers and Dimers with Hexamethylenetetramine as Ligand: Anion‐Dependent Structures and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Liu Quan , Lu Mingjie , Yu Lice , Song Yinglin , Lang Jianping
Published: October 2020

Main observation and conclusion

The assembly of [Et4N][Tp*WS3] (1) with CuX (Tp* = hydridotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)borate; X = Cl, Br, and I) or [Cu(MeCN)4][PF6] in the presence of tetratopic ligand hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) afforded an array of four cluster‐based compounds, which are either neutral or anionic. These compounds include [Tp*WS3Cu3Cl2(HMT)] (2, monomer, neutral), [Tp*WS3Cu3Br2(HMT)] (3, monomer, neutral), [Tp*WS3Cu3I1.5(HMT)]2I (4, dimer, anionic), and [Tp*WS3Cu2(HMT)]2(PF6)2 (5, dimer, anionic). The size of the halogen is found to dictate the structures (2/3 versus 4), and the presence/absence of halogen also affects the utilization of coordinate site of HMT (4 versus 5) by creating more available Cu(I) site in the case of 5. The structures of 2—5 are also characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra, and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy, with the dimeric structure of 5 also selected for the third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) property investigations. The NLO measurement results suggest that the hyperpolarizability value (γ) of 5, reflecting its NLO properties as a neat material, features 2.12×10−30 esu, and it is comparable to other W/Cu/S cluster‐based molecular entities, rendering 5 a promising NLO‐active material.
Numerical simulation of fenestrated graft deployment: Anticipation of stent graft and vascular structure adequacy
Authors: Dupont Claire , Kaladji Adrien , Rochette Michel , Saudreau Blandine , Lucas Antoine , Haigron Pascal
Published: October 2020

Fenestrated endovascular aneurism repair (FEVAR) is a minimally invasive technique, and its success depends on the adequacy of the correspondence between the visceral arteries ostia and position of the fenestrations of the stent graft (SG) during its deployment in juxtarenal aneurisms. However, the fenestration position is generally determined from a preoperative computerised tomography (CT) scan, without considering the vascular deformation induced by the insertion of the endovascular tools. Catheterisation difficulties may occur during clinical procedures. Accordingly, the objective of this work is to present an initial proof of concept aimed at anticipating and optimising the position of the fenestrations, while considering the vascular deformation induced by the insertion of the endovascular tools. The proposed method relies on the finite element method to simulate the SG deployment in a vascular structure (VS), and considers the vascular deformation induced by the tools. After determining the optimal simulation parameters for a patient‐specific case, the robustness of the method is demonstrated on six other representative anatomies. The simulated SG is also compared with post‐deployment CT observations, and demonstrates good adequacy. The results show that the numerically corrected fenestration positions, as determined from the simulated results following the insertion of the endovascular tools, deviate from those of the standard plan (as determined from the preoperative CT scan). This indicates that the SG–VS adequacy could be improved via simulation‐based planning, to anticipate potential catheterisation difficulties.
Cyanide Bridged Platinum‐Iron Complexes as Cisplatin Prodrug Systems: Design and Computational Study
Authors: Kaspi‐Kaneti Ariela W. , Bhandari Srijana , Schubert Alexander , Huang Songping D. , Dunietz Barry D.
Published: October 2020

The potential role of cyanide‐bridged platinum‐iron complexes as an anti‐cancer Pt(IV) prodrug is studied. We present design principles of a dual‐function prodrug that can upon reduction dissociate and release concurrently six cisplatin units and a ferricyanide anion per prodrug unit. The prodrug molecule is a unique complex of hepta metal centers consisting of a ferricyanide core with six Pt(IV) centers each bonded to the Fe(III) core through a cyano ligand. The functionality of the prodrug is addressed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Regulating the Coordination of Co sites in Co3O4/MnO2 Compounding for Facilitated Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Zhiqiang , Ma Chenglong , Zhou Zhenhua , Cao Limei , Yang Ji
Published: October 2020

Binary transition metal oxides as a promising oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst have received significant attention. However, their exact reaction mechanisms are often too complex to be discussed. Herein, novel Co−Mn composites with a well‐defined nanostructure were developed for understanding the role of each component. The growth pattern of cobalt oxide and the effects of the coordination environment of Co sites during growth on the overall activity were investigated. Based on experimental and density functional theory studies, it was found that the decaying coordination number directly affected the expression of crystal planes of cobalt oxide, which further had a great influence upon limiting current density of Co−Mn catalysts. The cuboid‐Co/Mn catalyst exhibited outstanding limiting current density and showed good stability, related to more highly active (110) planes exposed in Co3O4. These provided many references for the preparation of related nonprecious catalysts in various domains.
Optimizing cytological specimens of EUS‐FNA of solid pancreatic lesions: A pilot study to the effect of a smear preparation training for endoscopy personnel on sample quality and accuracy
Authors: van Riet Priscilla A. , Quispel Rutger , Cahen Djuna L. , Erler Nicole S. , Snijders‐Kruisbergen Mieke C. , Van Loenen Petri , Poley Jan‐Werner , van Driel Lydi M.J.W. , Mulder Sanna A. , Veldt Bart J. , Leeuwenburgh Ivonne , Anten Marie‐Paule G.F. , Honkoop Pieter , Thijssen Annemieke Y. , Hol Lieke , Hadithi Mohammed , Fitzpatrick Claire E. , Schot Ingrid , Bergmann Jilling F. , Bhalla Abha , Bruno Marco J. , Biermann Katharina
Published: October 2020

Background

In the absence of rapid on‐side pathological evaluation, endoscopy staff generally “smears” endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) specimens on a glass slide. As this technique is vulnerable to preparation artifacts, we assessed if its quality could be improved through a smear‐preparation‐training for endoscopy staff.

Methods

In this prospective pilot study, 10 endosonographers and 12 endoscopy nurses from seven regional EUS‐centers in the Netherlands were invited to participate in a EUS‐FNA smear‐preparation‐training. Subsequently, post training slides derived from solid pancreatic lesions were compared to pre‐training “control” slides. Primary outcome was to assess if the training positively affects smear quality and, consequently, diagnostic accuracy of EUS‐FNA of solid pancreatic lesions.

Results

Participants collected and prepared 71 cases, mostly pancreatic head lesions (48%). Sixty‐eight controls were selected from the pretraining period. The presence of artifacts was comparable for smears performed before and after training (76% vs 82%, P = .36). Likewise, smear cellularity (≥50% target cells) before and after training did not differ (44% (30/68) vs 49% (35/71), P = .48). Similar, no difference in diagnostic accuracy for malignancy was detected (P = .10).

Conclusion

In this pilot EUS‐FNA smear‐preparation‐training for endoscopy personnel, smear quality and diagnostic accuracy were not improved after the training. Based on these results, we plan to further study other training programs and possibilities.
Heavy mineral variations in mid‐Carboniferous deltaic sandstones: Records of a pre‐depositional sediment history?
Authors: Nauton‐Fourteu Martin , Tyrrell Shane , Morton Andrew
Published: October 2020

Sandstone composition is influenced by multiple factors, including acidic weathering, occurring during storage in the hinterland, prior to deposition. This study aims to better understand and constrain how the nature and duration of such pre‐depositional factors might impact the final sediment composition. Mid‐Carboniferous deltaic sandstones from the Clare Basin, western Ireland, for which depositional environments and provenance are well constrained, are the target of this study. Conventional heavy mineral analysis and specific heavy mineral ratios, such as the apatite–tourmaline index are utilised to examine these phenomena. Relatively high apatite–tourmaline index values observed in channelised sandstones contrast with lower values seen in sandstones associated with mouth bar and interdistributary bay facies. These variations are not linked to changes in provenance and thus potentially indicate differences in weathering intensity due to variable duration of alluvial storage. These changes are probably linked with shorter hinterland residence time in the channelised than in mouth bar and interdistributary bay sandstones. Variations are seen in the rutile‐zircon index without any clear link with facies. These fluctuations could be ascribed to variable supply from a source, which is relatively rich in rutile but poor in zircon and apatite. Despite the apatite component in these sandstones being partially derived from recycled sources, the apatite–tourmaline index stills appears to hold information on the last sedimentary cycle.
Sons benefit from paternal care in African striped mice
Authors: Pillay Neville , Rymer Tasmin L.
Published: October 2020

Mammalian paternal care is rare and is often linked to enhanced fitness under particular ecological conditions. The proximate consequences of paternal care on offspring are lacking, however. Here, we tested whether levels of paternal care predict the behavioural, cognitive and physiological development of sons in the naturally paternal African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio). We focused on sons raised in two treatments: biparental (both parents) or uniparental (mother alone) families. We recorded levels of interactions between pups with both parents, and later assessed the behaviour, cognition and physiology of sons at three developmental stages: juvenile, sub‐adult and adult (sexual maturity). Sons from biparental families showed (a) reduced anxiety as juveniles; (b) greater exploration and social interaction at different stages; (c) better cognition; and (d) reduced corticosterone concentrations than sons from uniparental families. In contrast, sons from uniparental families showed greater levels of paternal care, although prolactin concentrations did not differ between treatments. Paternal care in striped mice enhances fitness of males. Here, we also show that sons benefit psychologically and physiologically through interactions with their fathers. However, sons also trade‐off such benefits against their own paternal care behaviour, suggesting that fathers influence the development of their son's phenotype in complex ways.
Age‐related behavioral and ultrastructural changes in the rat amygdala
Authors: Lomidze Nino , Zhvania Mzia G. , Tizabi Yousef , Japaridze Nadezhda , Pochkhidze Nino , Rzayev Fuad , Gasimov Eldar
Published: October 2020

Although the relationships between brain structure and emotions may alter across the life span, this relationship is of particular importance during aging when significant alterations in emotions may be manifested. Understanding the structural–behavioral relationship could not only provide a neurobiological basis of these changes, but could also suggest potential intervention. Since anxiety is commonly observed in aging population, we undertook this study to determine the extent of this behavioral manifestations as well as the associated ultrastructural changes in the amygdala. Rats of various age groups, adolescent, adult, and aged were tested for anxiety‐like behavior and the ultrastructure/presynaptic architecture of the central nucleus of amygdala (CNA) were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (EM). Aged rats were consistently more anxious than the other groups as evidenced by their scores in the elevated plus maze. Morphometric EM analysis of axodendritic synapses revealed that the aged rats had a lower presynaptic area as well as number of synapses, but unexpectedly a higher number of presynaptic mitochondria in CNA. Since presynaptic mitochondria are known to provide the energy for neurotransmission, it may be concluded that compensatory mechanisms are still operational during aging, and hence, may be a target for therapeutic intervention at this stage of life span.
Latitudinal gradients in population growth do not reflect demographic responses to climate
Authors: DeMarche Megan L. , Bailes Graham , Hendricks Lauren B. , Pfeifer‐Meister Laurel , Reed Paul B. , Bridgham Scott D. , Johnson Bart R. , Shriver Robert , Waddle Ellen , Wroton Hannah , Doak Daniel F. , Roy Bitty A. , Morris William F.
Published: October 2020

Spatial gradients in population growth, such as across latitudinal or elevational gradients, are often assumed to primarily be driven by variation in climate, and are frequently used to infer species’ responses to climate change. Here, we use a novel demographic, mixed‐model approach to dissect the contributions of climate variables vs. other latitudinal or local site effects on spatiotemporal variation in population performance in three perennial bunchgrasses. For all three species, we find that performance of local populations decreases with warmer and drier conditions, despite latitudinal trends of decreasing population growth toward the cooler and wetter northern portion of each species’ range. Thus, latitudinal gradients in performance are not predictive of either local or species‐wide responses to climate. This pattern could be common, as many environmental drivers, such as habitat quality or species’ interactions, are likely to vary with latitude or elevation, and thus influence or oppose climate responses.
Eating disorder pathology and compulsive exercise during the COVID‐19 public health emergency: Examining risk associated with COVID‐19 anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty
Authors: Scharmer Christina , Martinez Kimberly , Gorrell Sasha , Reilly Erin E. , Donahue Joseph M. , Anderson Drew A.
Published: October 2020

Objective

COVID‐19 has led to disruptions in daily living and increased uncertainty about physical, financial, social, and psychological consequences, which may contribute to anxiety, eating disorder (ED) pathology, and compulsive exercise. Individual factors, such as intolerance of uncertainty, may impact risk for ED pathology and CE in response to COVID‐19 anxiety. The current study examined associations between COVID‐19 anxiety, trait intolerance of uncertainty, and COVID‐19 intolerance of uncertainty and ED pathology and compulsive exercise.

Method

Undergraduate participants (N = 295) completed a series of online questionnaires between March and April of 2020.

Results

COVID‐19 anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty were associated with ED pathology, but not compulsive exercise. Additionally, both trait and COVID‐19 intolerance of uncertainty moderated associations between COVID‐19 anxiety and compulsive exercise and ED pathology. COVID‐19 anxiety was more strongly related to compulsive exercise and ED pathology for individuals with lower intolerance of uncertainty.

Discussion

COVID‐19 anxiety may increase risk for ED pathology and may be specifically important in determining risk for ED pathology and compulsive exercise among individuals with lower intolerance of uncertainty. These results contribute to a growing body of research aimed at understanding the mental health consequences of the COVID‐19 and suggest that individual factors (e.g., anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty) are important in determining risk for ED pathology and compulsive exercise in the context of the pandemic.
Deer slow down litter decomposition by reducing litter quality in a temperate forest
Authors: Chollet Simon , Maillard Morgane , Schörghuber Juliane , Grayston Sue J. , Martin Jean‐Louis
Published: October 2020

Litter decomposition is a key process that allows the recycling of nutrients within ecosystems. In temperate forests, the role of large herbivores in litter decomposition remains a subject of debate. To address this question, we used two litterbag experiments in a quasiexperimental situation resulting from the introduction of Sitka black‐tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis on forested islands of Haida Gwaii (Canada). We investigated the two main pathways by which deer could modify litter decomposition: change in litter quality and modification of decomposer communities. We found that deer presence significantly reduced litter mass loss after 1 yr, mainly through a reduction in litter quality. This mass loss reflected a 30 and 28% lower loss of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), respectively. The presence of deer also reduced the ability of decomposers to break down carbon, but not nitrogen. Indeed, litter placed on an island with deer lost 5% less carbon after 1 yr of decomposition than did litter decomposing on an island without deer. This loss in ability to decompose litter in the presence of deer was outweighed by the differences in mass loss associated with the effect of deer on litter quality. Additional effects of feces deposition by deer on the decomposition process were also significant but minor. These results suggest that the effects dramatic continental‐scale increases in deer populations may have on broad‐scale patterns of C and N cycling deserve closer attention.
A new high‐resolution melt curve eDNA assay to monitor the simultaneous presence of invasive brown trout (Salmo trutta) and endangered galaxiids
Authors: Minett Jessica F. , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , Brickle Paul , Consuegra Sofia
Published: October 2020

Brown trout are highly invasive in the Southern Hemisphere where they support important sport fisheries and aquaculture activities, which may impact endangered native galaxiid fishes and cause conflicts. To protect native galaxiids it is essential to monitor changes in species distributions, but this can be difficult when species are rare or difficult to sample. We developed and validated, both in the laboratory and in the field, a new assay using a high‐resolution melt curve (HRM)‐eDNA approach to simultaneously detect the presence of two threatened native galaxiids (Aplochiton zebra and Aplochiton taeniatus) and the invasive brown trout (Salmo trutta). Using this method, we found brown trout in 30% of the sampled waterbodies and Aplochiton sp. in 15% of them. Galaxiids were solely identified as being present in rivers that lacked brown trout, with both native species coexisting in two of the three rivers where they were detected, despite their different niche preferences. These assays can be used to monitor threatened zebra trout as well as invasive brown trout populations, allowing conservation managers to target areas for intervention.
Human CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells in healthy individuals and patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Hofland Tom , Martens Anne W.J. , van Bruggen Jaco A.C. , de Boer Renate , Schetters Sjoerd , Remmerswaal Ester B.M. , Bemelman Frederike J. , Levin Mark‐David , Bins Adriaan D. , Eldering Eric , Kater Arnon P. , Tonino Sanne H.
Published: October 2020

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer therapy, but varying response rates illustrate the need for biomarkers of response. Studies in mice have identified a subset of CD8 T cells that is essential for response to PD‐1 ICB. These CD8 T cells co‐express CXCR5, PD‐1 and Tcf1, and provide effector T cells upon PD‐1 ICB. It is unknown whether similar T cells play a role in PD‐1 ICB in humans.

We studied human peripheral blood and lymph nodes (LNs) for the frequency, phenotype, and functionality of CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells. We find that CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells are memory‐like cells, express Tcf1, and lack expression of effector molecules. CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells produce cytokines upon stimulation, but have limited proliferative capacity. We studied patients with hematologic malignancies with varying response rates to PD‐1 ICB. Specifically in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, in which PD‐1 ICB does not induce clinical responses, CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells show loss of the memory phenotype and increased effector differentiation.

In conclusion, we identified CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells in human peripheral blood and LN, which could play a similar role during PD‐1 ICB. Future studies should analyze CXCR5+PD‐1+ CD8 T cells during PD‐1 ICB and their importance for therapeutic response.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Water Splitting and Reduction of CO2 into Green Fuels on 2D Phosphorene‐Based Catalyst
Authors: Srivastava Rohit , Nouseen Shaista , Chattopadhyay Jayeeta , Woi Pei Meng , Son Do Ngoc , Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad
Published: October 2020

Recently, monolayer or few‐layered phosphorene nanosheets and other phosphorene‐based materials have gained huge attention due to their unique semiconducting and optical properties. But there is a huge unexplored area of research where phosphorene‐based catalysts could find new applications. Among these are the urgency of making new functionalized phosphorene materials and studying their catalytic (including photo and electrocatalytic) activities in various types of reactions. Phosphorene has a wide range of emerging applications in the field of energy conversion and storage, photovoltaic devices, and biomedical applications. However, the application of 2D phosphorene‐based catalyst in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), reduction of CO2 into green fuels, and the nitrogen electroreduction reaction (N2RR) have not been explored further. Herein, state‐of‐the‐art synthetic strategies of 2D phosphorene produced from allotropes of black phosphorus with their significant role as nanocatalysts in the HER, OER, hydrogen storage, electrochemical reduction of CO2 into valuable green fuels, and the N2RR are focused on. This review provides a wide range of knowledge on the current scenario to the researcher, scientist, industrialist, and professional working in the field of material research for energy applications.
Dual Pressure Level Methanation of Co‐SOEC Syngas
Authors: Krammer Andreas , Medved Ana , Peham Martin , Wolf-Zöllner Philipp , Salbrechter Katrin , Lehner Markus
Published: October 2020

The objective of this article is to demonstrate significant efficiency and performance improvements by simple process modifications of a power to gas plant consisting of high‐temperature coelectrolysis and catalytic methanation. For the advanced process design dual step methanation with two different pressure levels including intermediate compression is proposed, leading to several advantages. By experimental investigations on a lab‐scale methanation test plant higher turnovers (increase of up to 7.1 percentage points) and lower temperature peaks (decrease by up to 130 K) can be proven. Basic energy balance calculations reveal furthermore a reduction in compressor power by 42% for this proposed system.
An optimization method for uniform flow distribution in the manifold of server cabinet
Authors: Chen Fan , Liu Yu , Cui Zheng , Shao Wei
Published: October 2020

Indirect liquid cooling technique using the water‐cooled plate is an important way to cool the server. The manifold is the key component to connect the water‐cooled plates of servers. The flow distribution inside is directly related to the energy consumption of the cooling system. This paper proposed an optimization method for designing the manifold to obtain the uniform flow for each branch. Furthermore, to calculate the diameter distribution of the manifold, the pressure distribution model of the flow network is developed by applying the principle of equal pressure drops for each branch. Subsequently, the proposed model is validated by the finite element method under the turbulence condition. Investigations of the effects of static pressure variation coefficient, local loss, and frictional loss on the accuracy of proposed method reveal that the coefficient of variation in static pressure has a significant influence and the local loss has a slight effect. In addition, more precise calculations of the frictional loss can improve the accuracy of this method.
An empirical investigation of performance challenges within context‐aware content sharing for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Farooqui M. Najmul Islam , Khan Muhammad Mubashir , Arshad Junaid , Shafiq Omair
Published: October 2020

Connected vehicles is a leading use‐case within the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which is aimed at automating a range of driving tasks such as navigation, accident avoidance, content sharing, and auto‐driving. Such systems leverage vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and include vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to roadside infrastructure communication along with remote systems such as traffic alerts and weather reports. However, the device endpoints in such networks are typically resource‐constrained and, therefore, leverage edge computing, wireless communications, and data analytics to improve the overall driving experience, influencing factors such as safety, reliability, comfort, response, and economic efficiency. Our focus in this article is to identify and highlight open challenges to achieve a secure and efficient convergence between the constrained IoT devices and the high‐performance capabilities offered by the clouds. Therein, we present a context‐aware content‐sharing scenario for VANETs and identify specific requirements for its achievement. We also conduct a comparative study of simulation software for edge computing paradigm to identify their strengths and weaknesses, especially within the context of VANETs. We use FogNetSim++ to simulate diverse settings within VANETs with respect to latency and data rate highlighting challenges and opportunities for future research.
Butterfly dichromatism primarily evolved via Darwin's, not Wallace's, model
Authors: van der Bijl Wouter , Zeuss Dirk , Chazot Nicolas , Tunström Kalle , Wahlberg Niklas , Wiklund Christer , Fitzpatrick John L. , Wheat Christopher W.
Published: October 2020

Sexual dimorphism is typically thought to result from sexual selection for elaborated male traits, as proposed by Darwin. However, natural selection could reduce expression of elaborated traits in females, as proposed by Wallace. Darwin and Wallace debated the origins of dichromatism in birds and butterflies, and although evidence in birds is roughly equal, if not in favor of Wallace's model, butterflies lack a similar scale of study. Here, we present a large-scale comparative phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of butterfly coloration, using all European non-hesperiid butterfly species (n = 369). We modeled evolutionary changes in coloration for each species and sex along their phylogeny, thereby estimating the rate and direction of evolution in three-dimensional color space using a novel implementation of phylogenetic ridge regression. We show that male coloration evolved faster than female coloration, especially in strongly dichromatic clades, with male contribution to changes in dichromatism roughly twice that of females. These patterns are consistent with a classic Darwinian model of dichromatism via sexual selection on male coloration, suggesting this model was the dominant driver of dichromatism in European butterflies.
An algorithm for analysis of pressure losses in heated channels
Authors: Panday S. , Floryan J. M.
Published: October 2020

A spectrally accurate and very efficient algorithm suitable for prediction of pressure losses in heated grooved channels has been developed. Heating and topography patterns are used to create spatial flow modulations resulting in a pattern interaction problem. Search for combinations of patterns resulting in the reduction of pressure losses requires development of a very accurate and efficient algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses a combination of the Fourier expansions in the horizontal directions and the Chebyshev expansions in the vertical direction to provide a very good resolution of the near wall regions. The immersed boundary conditions (IBC) method is used to enforce flow boundary conditions at the geometrically irregular boundaries. The resulting gridless discretization can be easily adapted to handle a wide range of topography patterns. Various tests demonstrate that the algorithm delivers spectral accuracy and can provide machine level accuracy. Comparisons with the standard open‐source codes based either on the finite volume or on the spectral element discretization demonstrate several orders of magnitude better efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Stock index forecasting: A new fuzzy time series forecasting method
Authors: Wu Hao , Long Haiming , Wang Yue , Wang Yanqi
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a new fuzzy time series forecasting model based on technical analysis, affinity propagation (AP) clustering, and a support vector regression (SVR) model. Technical analysis indicators are divided into three categories to construct multivariate fuzzy logical relationships. AP clustering without specifying the number of clusters is used to obtain a suitable partition for the universe of discourse, and the representative exemplars are generated as defuzzied values. The SVR model is employed to explore the unrecognized relationships and modify the forecasts. In addition, the error‐based evaluation criteria are applied to evaluate the methods. The performance of the method is evaluated using the Taiwan Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX), Standard & Poor's 500 Index (S&P500), and Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) dataset, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms some classic models.
The tensor auto‐regressive model
Authors: Hill Chelsey , Li James , Schneider Matthew J. , Wells Martin T.
Published: October 2020

We introduce the tensor auto‐regressive (TAR) model for modeling time series data, which is found to be robust to model misspecification, seasonality, and nonlinear trends. We develop a parameter estimation algorithm for the proposed model by using the 𝑡‐product, which allows us to model a three‐dimensional block of parameters. We use the fast Fourier transform, which allows for efficient and parallelizable computation. We use a combination of simulated data and an empirical application to: (i) validate the model, including seasonal and geometric trends, model misspecification analysis, and bootstrapping to compute standard errors; (ii) present model selection results; and (iii) demonstrate the performance of the proposed model against benchmarking and competitive forecasting methods. Our results indicate that our model performs well against comparable methods and is robust and computationally efficient.
Novel guanidine compounds inhibit platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha transcription and oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation
Authors: Medved Jelena , Wood William M. , van Heyst Michael D. , Sherafat Amin , Song Ju‐Young , Sakya Sagune , Wright Dennis L. , Nishiyama Akiko
Published: October 2020

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), also known as NG2 cells or polydendrocytes, are distributed widely throughout the developing and mature central nervous system. They remain proliferative throughout life and are an important source of myelinating cells in normal and demyelinating brain as well as a source of glioma, the most common type of primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis. OPC proliferation is dependent on signaling mediated by platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) AA binding to its alpha receptor (PDGFRα). Here, we describe a group of structurally related compounds characterized by the presence of a basic guanidine group appended to an aromatic core that is effective in specifically repressing the transcription of Pdgfra but not the related beta receptor (Pdgfrb) in OPCs. These compounds specifically and dramatically reduced proliferation of OPCs but not that of astrocytes and did not affect signal transduction by PDGFRα. These findings suggest that the compounds could be further developed for potential use in combinatorial treatment strategies for neoplasms with dysregulated PDGFRα function.
Preventing depression among older people living in rural areas: A randomised controlled trial of behavioural activation in collaborative care
Authors: Almeida Osvaldo P. , Patel Hema , Kelly Rachael , Ford Andrew , Flicker Leon , Robinson Suzanne , Araya Ricardo , Gilbody Simon , Thompson Sandra
Published: October 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to test if a behavioural activation (BA) programme was more effective than usual care at reducing the risk of conversion to major depression over 52 weeks among adults aged 65 years or older living in rural Western Australia. Secondary aims were to test if participants assigned to the BA intervention experienced greater decline in the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms than older adults treated with usual care over 26 and 52 weeks, as well as greater improvement in physical and mental health‐related quality of life.

Methods

Randomised controlled clinical trial that started recruitment in February 2016 in rural Western Australia. We used the electoral roll to invite adults aged 65 years or over living in suitable regions of Western Australia to take part in the study. We recruited those who consented and screened positive to at least one of the two Whooley questions: feeling down/depressed/hopeless or little interest or pleasure over the past month. Participants were randomly assigned to usual care or usual care plus a phone‐delivered BA program (1:1). The intervention consisted of a self‐managed BA program supported by three 45‐min phone sessions delivered by a BA therapist over a period of 8 weeks. We used the DSM‐5 criteria to establish the presence of a major depressive episode, and Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale and SF‐36 to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety and quality of life.

Results

Of the 309 older adults randomised, 307 started the trial: 153 usual care and 154 BA (computer‐generated random permuted even blocks ranging in size from 8 to 20). Six participants developed a major depressive episode during follow‐up, four of them in the usual care group (odds ratio of depression associated with the intervention = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.04, 3.49—blind assessment). Seventy‐three (23.8%) participants were lost over 52 weeks—there were no differences between usual care and intervention group. Intention‐to‐treat analyses using mixed regression models found modest non‐significant effects of the BA intervention, while complete‐case analyses showed that participants treated with BA compared with usual care experienced significant improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms over 52 weeks, as well as improved mental health quality of life.

Conclusions

Few participants developed a major depressive episode during follow‐up. The BA intervention was associated with improved symptoms of depression and anxiety, although the clinical significance of these benefits remains unclear.