bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
عوامل التنبؤ بالتنمر الإلكتروني لدى الأطفال والمراهقين: مراجعة للدراسات السابقة
Authors: البراشدية حفيظة سليمان أحمد
Published: September 2020

ملخص

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى تلخيص الدراسات السابقة حول التنمر الإلكتروني، وتقديم مراجعة نقدية لها. ركزت المراجعة على توضيح عوامل التنبؤ بالتنمر الإلكتروني بالنسبة للضحايا وكذلك المتنمرين. استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي؛ حيث تم تحليل الدراسات العربية والأجنبية المنشورة حول التنمر الإلكتروني في أربع قواعد بيانات هي PubMed وPsycINFO، ودار المنظومة، والمنهل بالإضافة إلى محرك البحث Google Scholar وتحديدا الدراسات الحديثة التي نُشرت خلال السنوات الأربع الماضية. وقد أسفر البحث في قواعد البيانات عن التوصل إلى (107) دراسة منها (96 دراسة أجنبية، و11 دراسة عربية). وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة ارتفاع معدلات انتشار التنمر الإلكتروني لدى الأطفال والمراهقين عالميا. كما بينت النتائج أن أهم عوامل التنبؤ بضحايا التنمر الإلكتروني هي: العمر، والجنس، والبلد، وحجم الشبكة الاجتماعية، وبعض العوامل الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، بينما شملت عوامل التنبؤ بالتنمرين الإلكترونين: الافراط في استخدام الإنترنت، ونقص التعاطف، والغضب، والنرجسية، والتنشئة الوالدية السلطوية أو المتساهلة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، بينت النتائج أن أهم مخاطر التنمر الإلكتروني هي محاولات الانتحار المتكررة من قبل الضحايا. وقد أوصت الدراسة بوجود حاجة ماسة إلى دراسات طولية متعددة المتغيرات لتحديد عوامل التنبؤ بالتنمر الإلكتروني، والتي يمكن الاسترشاد بها في تصميم برامج وقائية.
Enhancing the Optimization of the Selection of a Product Service System Scheme: A Digital Twin-Driven Framework
Authors: Li Yan , Li Lianhui
Published: September 2020

A product service system (PSS) has been developed for manufacturing enterprises to provide users with personalized products and services. The optimization of PSS scheme selection is a key stage in the PSS design phase. Given the dynamic characteristics of the multi-dimensional influencing factors and their coupling relationships, we propose a digital twin-driven framework to enhance the optimization of PSS scheme selection. The framework is divided into a digital twin layer, an information layer, and an approach layer. The logical relationship between the three layers is given, and a quantitative PSS scheme selection optimization mechanism is designed. Fuzzy numbers and rough boundary intervals are integrated for the attribute value determination of the PSS scheme. A modified TOPSIS developed by replacing Euclidean distance with relational vector distance is adopted for the PSS scheme assessment. A case of an air purification PSS scheme selection optimization under the proposed digital twin driven framework is studied. It is shown that the designed PSS scheme selection optimization mechanism is effective and can be enhanced with the presented framework.
Microstructure and Property Modification of Cold Sprayed Coatings Using Different Grain Sizes of Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) Composite Powder
Authors: Trelka Anna , Żórawski Wojciech , Góral Anna
Published: September 2020

This article describes the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) cermet coatings cold sprayed on Al 7075 alloy substrates. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of three different powder grain sizes and three different standoff distances on the microstructure (phase composition, surface topography, volume fraction and distribution of the Cr3C2 phase in the Ni20Cr matrix and porosity) and the mechanical properties (hardness and abrasive wear resistance) of the Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) coatings. The examinations revealed that the thickness of the coatings obtained with same duration and feed rate decreased with increasing powder grain size and standoff distance. The coatings produced from powders with smaller particles had higher hardness and more compact structures than the coatings obtained from powders where the particles were larger (more than 40 μm). The coatings produced from finer powders were also more resistant to abrasive wear.
Determinants of spatial differentiation of labour markets in Ukraine
Authors: Dykas Paweł , Misiak Tomasz , Tokarski Tomasz
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to present the differentiation of the situation in regional labour markets in Ukraine in the years 2004–2017. The analyses carried out for this purpose concern the diversity and dynamics of macroeconomic variables, such as labour productivity (measured by GDP per worker), wages, and unemployment rates. Moreover, using panel data from the Statistical Office of Ukraine, the authors estimate the parameters of a set of equations based on increments and levels by means of the system estimator of the generalized Blundell and Bond moments method from 1998. The estimates concern the parameters of equations describing the main determinants of the increase in unemployment rates and wages for the entire Ukrainian economy – both Left – and Right-Bank Ukraine.
POLISH-UKRAINIAN MARRIAGES. CONTRIBUTION TO UNDERSTAND DURABILITY OF THE RECENT UKRAINIAN MIGRATION TO POLAND
Authors: Szukalski Piotr
Published: September 2020

A sharp increase in number of Ukrainian immigrants is observed recently in Poland. Data on durability of the migration are lacking. An aim of the article is to describe the durability due to indirect observation of registered Polish-Ukrainian marriages, which are contracted in Poland and number of children born in Poland by mothers with Ukrainian citizenship. Analyzed data indicate sharp increase in number of demographic events confi rming willingness of Ukrainian immigrants to settle in Poland.
Effects of Vitamin D on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hassanzadeh-Makoui Reza , Jamei Maziar , Hassanzadeh-Makoui Masoud , Khederlou Hamid
Published: September 2020

Background: Heart failure is a pathophysiologic state in which the cardiac output is not able to supply the body with enough oxygen and nutrients. The prevalence of heart failure has increased dramatically over the last decades. Vitamin D levels in patients with chronic heart failure are lower than healthy controls, and vitamin D deficiency has a direct relationship with mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with systolic heart failure. Methods: In this case-control clinical trial, 142 patients with chronic systolic heart failure were identified. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 114 patients were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups. One group (n = 58) received 50,000 units of vitamin D capsules weekly for eight weeks, and the patients in the other group (n = 56) received a placebo. After excluding 15 patients from the placebo group and 17 patients from the intervention group during the study, according to the exclusion criteria, 41 patients were evaluated in both groups for ejection fraction changes after two months. Results: According to the results of this research, there were no statistically significant differences in the baseline parameters between the two studied groups. The intervention group consisted of 18 female and 23 male patients with a mean age of 61.68 ± 19.8 years. Moreover, the placebo group included 21 female and 20 male patients with a mean age of 62.12 ± 18.2 years. After a 2-month follow-up, the intervention group showed statistically significant changes in ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, and heart failure class compared to the placebo group. Also, the serum level of albumin and vitamin D in the intervention group was significantly higher than the placebo group. Conclusions: The results of this study show that vitamin D treatment can improve the ejection fraction and functional ability of patients with vitamin D deficiency. If more comprehensive studies support this hypothesis, vitamin D deficiency assessment and correction in patients with chronic heart failure may be recommended.
Patients’ Attitude and Knowledge About Epilepsy in the North of Iran in 2016 - 2018
Authors: Karimi Narges , Zarvani Ashraf , Akbarian Seyyed Ali
Published: September 2020

Background: Epilepsy is a severe problem incorporating a high degree of the misconception that influences the quality of life of individuals suffering from the disease. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of patients with epilepsy toward the disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 155 individuals with epilepsy aged ≥ 18 years from August 2016 to Jun 2018 in an outpatient clinic of a medical university in Sari City, North of Iran. Thirty-four closed-ended questions were developed, including 14 items about knowledge, 11 items about attitudes, and nine questions about knowledge profile-personal toward epilepsy. Answers to the questions were either “yes,” “no,” or “I do not know.” The chi-square (χ2) test was used to explain the association between variables and demographic information. Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.73 ± 11.06 years. Regarding the cause of epilepsy, 85.8% of the participants reported that epilepsy is a brain disorder. Moreover, in terms of the knowledge score, 54.8% of the participants had a fair knowledge of epilepsy. Accordingly, patients with university education had good knowledge about the disease (P = 0.007). In terms of attitudes toward epilepsy, 82.6% of the patients had a positive attitude toward the disease but had no good awareness of it. These positive attitudes were associated with a high education level (P = 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that despite the positive attitude toward epilepsy, good knowledge about the disease was still below 50%.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per les comarques del Bages del Moianès i d’Osona: des de Manresa a Moià, Collsuspina, Sant Cugat de Gavadons i a Tona
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: September 2020

En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut de l´itinerari que ara presentem discorrerà, en la seva totalitat per la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre (i més concretament pel seu sector corresponent a la seva Depressió Central).

Per d´altra banda, en diverses aturades del recorregut, si s´escau, es faran observacions a distancia d´altres unitats geològiques, tant del Sistema Mediterrani. (i més concretament dintre de la seva Serralada Prelitoral Catalana); com també del Sistema Pirinenc. Tanmateix, visionarem a distancia altres sectors de la pròpia Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre, com els Altiplans Meridionals; o de la Serralada Transversal.

Per d´altra banda, el recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà per les comarques del Bages i d´Osona. Tot i així, entre ambdues, també ho farà per la subcomarca del Moianès. Així, dintre d´aquesta darrera, circularem exclusivament pels seus sectors septentrionals (concretament: pels bagencs i pels osonencs). Finalment, cal dir que el recorregut s´iniciarà a la comarca del Bages, per a finalitzar a la comarca d´Osona (dintre de la seus sectors corresponents a l´esmentada subcomarca del Moianès).
Recerca mineralògica, minera i geològica per la comarca del Ripollès: des de Camprodon a Molló al Costabona i a Setcases
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: September 2020

El recorregut del present itinerari, es desenvoluparà íntegrament pel Sistema Pirinenc; i més concretament: per la denominada Zona Axial del Sistema Pirinenc, encara que prop del seu contacte amb la Zona Sudpirenenca.

Així, s’iniciarà dintre de la Zona Sudpirenenca, prop de la població de Molló, dintre de la comarca del Ripollès, des d´on s’anirà ràpidament a Espinelves i cap al voltants del cim de Costabona Així, per aquesta unitat esmentada al paràgraf anterior, es transitarà fins als voltants del cim acabat d’esmentar, penetrant a continuació dintre de la Zona Axial del Sistema Pirinenc, per on es circularà entre els voltants del Costabona i el final del recorregut, a la població de Setcases.

Per d’altra banda, aquest recorregut s’efectuarà, íntegrament per la comarca pirinenca del Ripollès (on començarà i finalitzarà).
Effects of enterprise sustainability on performance
Authors: Domanović Violeta , Bogićević Jasmina , Krstić Bojan
Published: September 2020

Contemporary business environment imposes new business rules. The maximization of profit and shareholder value cannot be the only aim of an enterprise. Instead, enterprises are forced to maximize value of all stakeholders in order to survive in the long run. The issue of sustainability has become of crucial significance, and especially measurement and reporting on sustainability, as well as, its effects on financial performances, as still dominant ones in the contemporary business performance measurement models. Hence, the subject of the research is the enterprise sustainability in the contemporary business environment. The aim of the research is to stress the role and the significance of the sustainability in the process of improving the enterprise efficiency. The research results show that the enterprise sustainability has the positive implications on the business performances in the long run, as well as on the welfare of all stakeholders. In order to be more transparent, it is desirable for enterprises to create the sustainability report, in the integration with the traditional business report, which would give the complete overview of enterprise efficiency.
Market size and foreign trade as determinants of national competitiveness sustainability
Authors: Jovanović Milica , Đorđević Aleksandar
Published: September 2020

Market size in many ways determines the national competitiveness of an economy. If there is a large national market, it is a source of demand for manufacturing companies. There are cases where the national economy has a large market and a weak industry, e.g. Russia, while on the other hand, Switzerland, which has a small market size, compensates that with productivity and exports to other markets. Market size and foreign trade complement each other in influencing the sustainability of national competitiveness. If there is a large market and insufficient industry to meet the demand in that market, it is necessary to import the products and satisfy the needs of the domestic market. However, the small national market and the production of a large quantity of products that it cannot absorb requires export to other markets. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the competitiveness of Serbia and countries in the region, and their indices of market sizes, which include, but are not limited to, foreign market percentages and exports. Certainly, both determinants significantly affect national competitiveness and its sustainability.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE MODEL OF FORMING INTERETHNIC TOLERANCE IN THE MULTICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Ussenova Aida , Malakhova Irina , Shmidt Mariya , Tuliepova Saltanat , Tynyskhanova Aiym
Published: September 2020

The aim of this research is to study the state, dynamics and factors affecting the interethnic relations of young people in the field of education. This article discusses the conceptual foundations of the structural and content model of forming interethnic tolerance of young people in a multicultural environment of the university. Particular attention is paid to the study of new educational strategies and approaches that can create the desired socio-cultural and theoretical tolerance of representatives of other cultures, ethnic groups and religions. The research was a mixed method research and it made use of both quantitative and qualitative data. Secondary data for the article was derived from the scientific publications of other researchers and primary data was collected with the help of focus groups and indepth interviews.The 1000 participants of the research were carefully selected to represent nationals of other countries, culture and religion, to reduce the bias that sociological studies exhibit. The hierachy technique was used to analyze qualitative data. The authors present the results and analysis of sociological research for the analysis of interethnic tolerance of young people. It focuses on the psychological and pedagogical content of the phenomenon of interethnic tolerance, that can be taught to students in school. The authors offer evidence-based conclusions and recommendations on the organization of the process of forming interethnic tolerance of young people in a multicultural environment of the university.
IDENTIFICATION OF MARKERS FOR MODELS OF MEANING CONSTRUCTS
Authors: Abakumova V. Irina , Mikhail V. Godunov , Anastasia V. Grishina
Published: September 2020

Strategies of meaning formation are included in the highest level of regulation of an individual life. The article presents the results of empirical determination of the polar meaning strategies marker. In the initial modeling of the meaning formation processes, two polar strategies are proposed: adaptive and developmental. The system of personal meanings occupies a central place in the structure of the personality and is correlated with its properties manifested in interactions. For an empirical description of polar strategies, we developed nine scales of personality properties according to the type of private semantic differential. In these bipolar semantic scales, we used words that denote personality traits that act as indicators of meaning. An empirical study was carried out with the use of various techniques for studying semantic regulation of a person to determine a marker that allows one to identify these meaning strategies. The battery of tests included: the author’s private semantic differential, including nine scales of personality properties, “Test of life-sense orientations” (by D. A. Leontiev), test “Who Am I?” (by M. Kuhn), “Multiple intelligence test” (by G. Gardner), “Test of frustration tolerance” (by S. Rosenzweig), “Questionnaire of personality reflection” (by I. A. Stetsenko). An empirical sample (n = 145) found that a stable positive statistically significant correlation (p≤.05) exists only between the indicators of nine developed scales of personal properties and the indicator “Meaningfulness of life” in the “Test of life-sense orientations” by D.A. Leontiev. This indicator “Meaning-fulness of life” can be used as an indicator marker of polar strategies of meaning formation: adaptive and developmental. Its use contributes to a more effective study of the processes of meaning formation and reduces the laboriousness of diagnostic procedures.
VALUE-SEMANTIC BASES OF IDEAS ABOUT THE PROFESSION AND SATISFACTION WITH THE PROFESSION OF HIGHER SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: I. Pishchik Vlada
Published: September 2020

The business culture in the educational system remains conservative, despite the fact that the values of tolerance are wide-spread in the world. This affects the transformation of ideas about the profession of teachers. The article establishes the relationship of ideas about the profession and satisfaction with the profession with the values and meanings of university teachers. It is assumed that in modern conditions of higher education, values and life meanings may differ among teachers with different ideas about the profession. The study sample consists of 270 university teachers aged between 25 and 65 years, work experience from 3 to 25 years, 150 women and 120 men. We used the questionnaire of professional satisfaction (Kissel), the method of measuring values (Schwartz), the semantic differential (Osgood), and the method of identifying life meanings (Kotlyakov). We defined groups of teachers with a neutral view and a positive view of the profession, with varying degrees of satisfaction with the profession. As a result, it was found out that the group of teachers with a neutral attitude to their profession has the most manifested values: conformity, hedonism, security, and meanings: hedonistic, status, and family. The group of teachers with a positive view of the profession, has the values of independence, achievement and security, combined with the meanings: altruistic, self-realization, family and cognitive. It is concluded that university teachers with positive ideas about the profession are more altruistic about their activities, and teachers with neutral ideas about the profession are pragmatic about it.
Dynamics of respect: Evidence from two different national and political contexts
Authors: Reininger Klaus Michael , Schaefer Christoph Daniel , Zitzmann Steffen , Simon Bernd
Published: September 2020

In (post-)modern, plural societies, consisting of numerous subgroups, mutual respect between groups plays a central role for a constructive social and political life. In this article, we examine whether group members’ perception of being respected by outgroups fosters respect for these outgroups. In Study 1, we employed a panel sample of supporters of the Tea Party movement in the United States (N = 422). In Study 2, we employed a panel sample of members of the LGBTI community in Germany (N = 262). As disapproved target outgroups, we chose in Study 1 homosexuals in the United States, while in Study 2, we chose supporters of the German populist, right-wing political party „Alternative für Deutschland“. Our studies thus constituted a complementary, nearly symmetrical constellation of a liberal group and a conservative political group each. Among Tea Party movement supporters, respect from a disapproved outgroup consistently predicted respect for that outgroup. Among German LGBTI community members, this effect of respect from a disapproved outgroup was found in some of our analyses. For this latter sample, there was furthermore a tendency of societal respect to predict respect for a disapproved outgroup longitudinally. Additionally, we observed for both of our samples that respect from other ingroup members decreased respect for a disapproved outgroup. The dynamics of mutual respect in these two complementary intergroup contexts are discussed as well as the importance of direct intergroup reciprocity and superordinate group membership as routes to mutual respect.
Validating automated integrative complexity: Natural language processing and the Donald Trump Test
Authors: Conway Lucian Gideon , Conway Kathrene R. , Houck Shannon C.
Published: September 2020

Computer algorithms that analyze language (natural language processing systems) have seen a great increase in usage recently. While use of these systems to score key constructs in social and political psychology has many advantages, it is also dangerous if we do not fully evaluate the validity of these systems. In the present article, we evaluate a natural language processing system for one particular construct that has implications for solving key societal issues: Integrative complexity. We first review the growing body of evidence for the validity of the Automated Integrative Complexity (AutoIC) method for computer-scoring integrative complexity. We then provide five new validity tests: AutoIC successfully distinguished fourteen classic philosophic works from a large sample of both lay populations and political leaders (Test 1) and further distinguished classic philosophic works from the rhetoric of Donald Trump at higher rates than an alternative system (Test 2). Additionally, AutoIC successfully replicated key findings from the hand-scored IC literature on smoking cessation (Test 3), U.S. Presidents’ State of the Union Speeches (Test 4), and the ideology-complexity relationship (Test 5). Taken in total, this large body of evidence not only suggests that AutoIC is a valid system for scoring integrative complexity, but it also reveals important theory-building insights into key issues at the intersection of social and political psychology (health, leadership, and ideology). We close by discussing the broader contributions of the present validity tests to our understanding of issues vital to natural language processing.
Studying the transformation of the media business model: A new framework for case studies
Authors: Marín Sanchiz Cristian Ramón , Carvajal Prieto Miguel
Published: September 2020

The journalism industry is struggling to create sustainable business models for the digital age. Prior research in the field of media economics has broadly analyzed this challenge through case studies. According to extant research on management, a business model is comprised by components whose interactions convey the logic of creating, distributing and capturing the value developed by a firm. However, many journalism scholars have focused on new revenue streams, and not only is there a lack of holistic views, but value must be considered when applying the business model concept. In response to the aforementioned problem, this paper proposes a methodological tool that future researchers may use to analyze the business model of any news company. The method is based on a questionnaire (n=16) submitted to experts specialized in media business models, and the paper proposes a global framework aimed at improving comparisons between companies and gaining a better understanding of the success patterns for sustainable business models in order to foster innovation and knowledge transfer. This framework consists of a case file, research questions for six components of the business models, and research questions for a critical assessment of the links, interactions and synergies between them.
El horror transformado en arte. Dexter artista, analista y esteta
Authors: Cortés-Selva Laura
Published: September 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación se centra en mostrar cómo el personaje protagonista de la serie Dexter es representado con una personalidad artística muy completa que engloba sus facetas como creador, analista y esteta. Para confirmar esta hipótesis se analizan los elementos configuradores del estilo visual del capítulo piloto: el tratamiento artístico de la luz, el encuadre y la colorimetría de la imagen; los elementos del decorado, atrezo y vestuario; y los diálogos presentes en el guion literario. Los principales resultados muestran que, en Dexter, el estilo se conjuga para apoyar esa triple vertiente artística del personaje principal, que híbrida a un artista con talento capaz de desarrollar su propia obra a través de la cual elimina a los artistas mediocres; con la capacidad para analizar y transformar escenarios de horror de artistas mediocres en obras de arte, y una alta sensibilidad para apreciar y emocionarse ante la obra de artistas geniales. Esta forma de representar a Dexter como un asesino-artista contribuye a apoyar la idea de la fascinación del pueblo americano con los asesinos en serie.
La pandemia acelera y transforma los procesos de cambio comunicativos
Authors: Fernández Beltrán Francisco
Published: September 2020

Artículo de la sección Tribuna.
Volver a transitar las formas fílmicas
Authors: Rodríguez Serrano Aarón
Published: September 2020

ReseñaFormas en transición: Algunos filmes españoles del periodo 1973-1986Castro de Paz, José Luis (2019).Santander: Asociación Shangrila Textos Aparte.
Las comisiones parlamentarias de investigación: “El accidente de la Línea 1”
Authors: Peris Blanes Àlvar
Published: September 2020

Reseña:Las comisiones parlamentarias de investigación: “El accidente de la Línea 1”Gavaldà Roca, Josep V.Pellisser Rossell, Nel·lo (2019).Valencia: Tirant Humanidades.Este trabajo realiza un análisis del discurso y comunicativo sobre las dos comisiones parlamentarias que se celebraron en las Cortes Valencianas en 2006 y 2016 para dilucidar la posibilidad de que hubiera responsabilidades políticas por el accidente de la Línea 1 del Metro de Valencia que tuvo lugar el 3 de julio de 2006. Además, el libro señala la necesidad de elaborar un protocolo sobre cómo deberían celebrarse las comisiones parlamentarias de investigación para que tengan poderes para ejercitar un efectivo control del poder político.
La cobertura de la Cumbre del Clima Chile Madrid COP25 en los informativos de la radio española
Authors: De Sola Pueyo Javier
Published: September 2020

En pleno debate sobre la gravedad de la crisis climática y en un contexto geopolítico global convulso, Madrid albergó en diciembre de 2019 la Cumbre del Clima. Esta investigación analiza la cobertura que realizaron de la COP25 las cuatro cadenas radiofónicas españolas de mayor audiencia: Cadena SER, COPE, Onda Cero y Radio Nacional de España. Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de los informativos de ámbito nacional que las cuatro cadenas emitieron desde el inicio hasta la finalización de la Cumbre. Los principales objetivos son, describir los aspectos formales de la cobertura, establecer los temas que prevalecen y determinar el protagonismo que tuvo la Cumbre en la radio española en los informativos. La investigación revela que la radio, contrariamente a lo que concluyen otros estudios centrados en la prensa, la televisión y los medios digitales, concedió una gran importancia a la Cumbre de Madrid tanto en tiempo –en minutos de emisión– como en la posición en parrilla de las informaciones sobre el foro. Además, los resultados del estudio revelan un mayor protagonismo de los temas políticos, especialmente en lo relativo a la negociación entre los países participantes, frente a los asuntos vinculados con lo científico y lo social.
RÉSOLUTION DE PROBLÈMES ET CHANGEMENTS PERÇUS RÉTROSPECTIVEMENT À LA CONSULTATION D’UN PROFESSIONNEL DE LA RELATION D’AIDE
Authors: Audet1 Steve , Tremblay Gilles
Published: September 2020

La présente étude vise à décrire comment des hommes ayant consulté un professionnel de la relation d’aide perçoivent leur utilisation de la résolution de problème, les changements en lien avec une situation stressante et les affects associés. Pour ce faire, une étude de cas multiples a été réalisée avec 13 hommes ayant consulté un professionnel de la relation d’aide. Les données ont été examinées selon la méthode d’analyse thématique. Les résultats présentés sont basés sur les témoignages des participants et discutés à la lumière des connaissances actuelles sur la résolution de problème.
ANALYSE DES FIGURES PARENTALES DE QUATRE ENFANTS EXPOSÉS À LA VIOLENCE CONJUGALE
Authors: Turcotte Nadia , Léveillée1 Suzanne
Published: September 2020

Cette étude explore les figures parentales de quatre enfants âgés entre 5 et 10 ans exposés à la violence conjugale. Les données sont recueillies à partir de trois planches du Children’s Apperception Test et les difficultés d’adaptation sont recueillies à l’aide du Child Behavior Checklist. Des points communs sont remarqués entre les enfants : l’anxiété envers la figure maternelle, l’évitement et l’inhibition, ainsi que l’absence de triangulation typique du conflit oedipien. De plus, trois enfants sur quatre perçoivent une figure paternelle faible et impuissante. Une meilleure connaissance des figures parentales permet d’améliorer les interventions menées auprès de ces enfants.
Roumi traduit, Roumi réécrit : enjeux politiques d’une réception
Authors: Sedaghat Amir Artaban
Published: September 2020

Jalāleddin Mohammad Roumi est un poète et penseur mystique (soufi) persan du XIIIe siècle parmi les plus connus en Occident. Sa renommée tient à l’immensité de son oeuvre poétique, qui se compose duMasnavi-e ma’naviet duDivān-e Šams e Tabrizi, ainsi qu’à un engouement significatif et relativement récent en Amérique anglophone pour ses poèmes à caractère spirituel. Traduire Roumi ne peut qu’être imprégné d’enjeux politiques, aussi bien de par l’importance et l’actualité des relations transculturelles entre l’Occident et le monde islamique qu’en raison de la complexité de sa pensée éclectique sujette à la polémique même au sein de l’orthodoxie musulmane. Ainsi, les exemples d’interférences du politique, de l’idéologique et du poétique sont-ils multiples dans le transfert du message de Roumi vers les langues européennes. Cet article s’appuie sur des théories éthiques, sociolinguistiques et herméneutiques de la traduction pour montrer les modalités de l’interférence de l’idéologie dans l’opération traduisante. Plusieurs cas en sont identifiés : des soupçons d’antisémitisme autour de la traduction anglaise d’un récit allégorique duMasnavi, l’intervention de certaines institutions politiques afin d’annexer le penseur persan au giron turc, ou encore les tendances islamisantes de certains traducteurs-spécialistes de Roumi qui, à travers leurs notes et commentaires, cherchent à associer la pensée universelle de l’auteur à la doctrine centrale de l’islam.
Traduire l’interlangue : la traductologie au carrefour de la sociolinguistique et de la linguistique de l’acquisition
Authors: Nannoni Catia , Pugliese Rosa
Published: September 2020

De nombreux romans contemporains relevant des littératures de migration mettent en scène la langue parlée par les immigrés, ce qui peut s’avérer problématique dans le passage à la traduction. DansRue des Italiensde Girolamo Santocono (1986) etLes amandes amèresde Laurence Cossé (2011), la représentation de cette « interlangue » emprunte des voies distinctes tant dans la version originale française que dans la traduction en italien. L’analyse de ces oeuvres à l’aide de perspectives différentes (traductologie, sociolinguistique et linguistique de l’acquisition) contribue à une meilleure compréhension de leurs implications linguistiques, traductives et (inter)culturelles. Les connaissances générées permettent en effet de comprendre les mécanismes langagiers représentés et leur fonction dans le cadre des projets esthétiques originaux, tous deux sous-tendus par une volonté de donner la parole à des locuteurs marginalisés par leur appartenance sociale et leur origine géographico-culturelle. Les traductions italiennes de ces deux romans réalisent différemment l’effet de distance propre à la caractérisation des locuteurs immigrés, celle deRue des Italiens(2006) conservant l’impression d’une langue hybride, mais sans systématicité et sans se soucier du public d’arrivée, alors queMandorle amare(2012) recherche une équivalence plus globale, qui sonne plus crédible et efficace aux oreilles des lecteurs italophones. Nous croyons que la linguistique de l’acquisition peut favoriser une prise de conscience de la part du traducteur, en lui fournissant des clés d’interprétation et des instruments plus adéquats au traitement de l’interlangue telle qu’elle est représentée dans une oeuvre littéraire, évitant l’arbitraire, l’improvisation et la caricature.
Un jeu d’évasion pour développer les compétences informationnelles
Authors: Pinard Mylène
Published: September 2020

Que faire quand les étudiants s’ennuient lors des formations documentaires données par une bibliothécaire ? Sortir des sentiers battus et développer les compétences informationnelles des étudiants par une médiation innovante et immersive, évidemment ! Les jeux d’évasion connaissent une forte hausse de popularité depuis leur apparition dans les années 2010. Ce n’était qu’une question de temps avant que le concept soit adapté au milieu académique et bibliothéconomique.

Quatre-vingt (80) étudiants de l’Université McGill ont testé un jeu d’évasion créé spécifiquement pour répondre à leurs besoins. La conception du jeu ainsi que les résultats obtenus sont décrits dans cet article, qui explique de quelle façon un jeu d’évasion peut remplacer avantageusement une formation documentaire plus traditionnelle pour développer les compétences informationnelles des usagers.
Mieux connaître pour mieux aider
Authors: Ménard Carolyne
Published: September 2020

La Bibliothèque de l’Assemblée nationale du Québec répond aux demandes d’information et de recherche des différentes communautés parlementaires. À l’automne 2017, le service de la référence de la Bibliothèque a entamé un processus de conception d’un système de gestion des demandes de référence à l’aide d’Ultima, un logiciel de gestion intégrée de l’information. Ce système – implanté officiellement au sein de l’équipe en août 2018 – est devenu une grande source d’information sur les différents publics de la Bibliothèque et a permis à l’institution de mieux servir ses différentes clientèles.

Afin que l’expérience de la Bibliothèque profite à d’autres institutions documentaires, cet article explique le processus d’implantation d’un système de gestion des demandes au sein d’un service de la référence, et dévoile le potentiel d’un tel système dans l’acquisition d’une meilleure connaissance des publics et de leurs besoins d’information.
Choice or constraint? Women’s weekly working hours in comparative perspective
Authors: Yerkes Mara
Published: September 2020

This article analyses the influence of individualworking preferences onwomen’s labour market behaviour in the Netherlands, Germany and the United Kingdom, addressingthe question: to what extent do individual preferences have a causal effect onwomen’s averageweeklyworking hours? Using longitudinal panel data from all three countries, a fixed-effects model is applied to measure the effect of individual preferences in year t-1 onwomen’s averageweeklyworking hours in year t. The data is pooled from 1992 to 2002. After controlling for a number of individual, household and job characteristics we see that individual preferences are most influential in the Netherlands. However, the data do not support the idea that choice is more important than constraint because individual, household and job characteristics remain significant. In addition, the results demonstrate that it is important to understand individual preferences within the institutional context. Therefore, within the theoretical and policy debates aboutwomen’s labour market participationwe must consider possible barriers that hinder women when making labour market “choices”.
What do adversarial images tell us about human vision?
Authors: Dujmović Marin , Malhotra Gaurav , Bowers Jeffrey S
Published: September 2020

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are frequently described as the best current models of human and primate vision. An obvious challenge to this claim is the existence of adversarial images that fool DCNNs but are uninterpretable to humans. However, recent research has suggested that there may be similarities in how humans and DCNNs interpret these seemingly nonsense images. We reanalysed data from a high-profile paper and conducted five experiments controlling for different ways in which these images can be generated and selected. We show human-DCNN agreement is much weaker and more variable than previously reported, and that the weak agreement is contingent on the choice of adversarial images and the design of the experiment. Indeed, we find there are well-known methods of generating images for which humans show no agreement with DCNNs. We conclude that adversarial images still pose a challenge to theorists using DCNNs as models of human vision.
Complement opsonization of HIV affects primary infection of human colorectal mucosa and subsequent activation of T cells
Authors: Bhattacharya Pradyot , Ellegård Rada , Khalid Mohammad , Svanberg Cecilia , Govender Melissa , Keita Åsa V , Söderholm Johan D , Myrelid Pär , Shankar Esaki M , Nyström Sofia , Larsson Marie
Published: September 2020

HIV transmission via genital and colorectal mucosa are the most common routes of dissemination. Here, we explored the effects of free and complement-opsonized HIV on colorectal tissue. Initially, there was higher antiviral responses in the free HIV compared to complement-opsonized virus. The mucosal transcriptional response at 24 hr revealed the involvement of activated T cells, which was mirrored in cellular responses observed at 96 hr in isolated mucosal T cells. Further, HIV exposure led to skewing of T cell phenotypes predominantly to inflammatory CD4+ T cells, that is Th17 and Th1Th17 subsets. Of note, HIV exposure created an environment that altered the CD8+ T cell phenotype, for example expression of regulatory factors, especially when the virions were opsonized with complement factors. Our findings suggest that HIV-opsonization alters the activation and signaling pathways in the colorectal mucosa, which promotes viral establishment by creating an environment that stimulates mucosal T cell activation and inflammatory Th cells.
mTOR signaling regulates the morphology and migration of outer radial glia in developing human cortex
Authors: Andrews Madeline G , Subramanian Lakshmi , Kriegstein Arnold R
Published: September 2020

Outer radial glial (oRG) cells are a population of neural stem cells prevalent in the developing human cortex that contribute to its cellular diversity and evolutionary expansion. The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is active in human oRG cells. Mutations in mTOR pathway genes are linked to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders and malformations of cortical development. We find that dysregulation of mTOR signaling specifically affects oRG cells, but not other progenitor types, by changing the actin cytoskeleton through the activity of the Rho-GTPase, CDC42. These effects change oRG cellular morphology, migration, and mitotic behavior, but do not affect proliferation or cell fate. Thus, mTOR signaling can regulate the architecture of the developing human cortex by maintaining the cytoskeletal organization of oRG cells and the radial glia scaffold. Our study provides insight into how mTOR dysregulation may contribute to neurodevelopmental disease.
Integrating genotypes and phenotypes improves long-term forecasts of seasonal influenza A/H3N2 evolution
Authors: Huddleston John , Barnes John R , Rowe Thomas , Xu Xiyan , Kondor Rebecca , Wentworth David E , Whittaker Lynne , Ermetal Burcu , Daniels Rodney Stuart , McCauley John W , Fujisaki Seiichiro , Nakamura Kazuya , Kishida Noriko , Watanabe Shinji , Hasegawa Hideki , Barr Ian , Subbarao Kanta , Barrat-Charlaix Pierre , Neher Richard A , Bedford Trevor
Published: September 2020

Seasonal influenza virus A/H3N2 is a major cause of death globally. Vaccination remains the most effective preventative. Rapid mutation of hemagglutinin allows viruses to escape adaptive immunity. This antigenic drift necessitates regular vaccine updates. Effective vaccine strains need to represent H3N2 populations circulating one year after strain selection. Experts select strains based on experimental measurements of antigenic drift and predictions made by models from hemagglutinin sequences. We developed a novel influenza forecasting framework that integrates phenotypic measures of antigenic drift and functional constraint with previously published sequence-only fitness estimates. Forecasts informed by phenotypic measures of antigenic drift consistently outperformed previous sequence-only estimates, while sequence-only estimates of functional constraint surpassed more comprehensive experimentally-informed estimates. Importantly, the best models integrated estimates of both functional constraint and either antigenic drift phenotypes or recent population growth.
Cdon mutation and fetal alcohol converge on Nodal signaling in a mouse model of holoprosencephaly
Authors: Hong Mingi , Christ Annabel , Christa Anna , Willnow Thomas E , Krauss Robert S
Published: September 2020

Holoprosencephaly (HPE), a defect in midline patterning of the forebrain and midface, arises ~1 in 250 conceptions. It is associated with predisposing mutations in the Nodal and Hedgehog (HH) pathways, with penetrance and expressivity graded by genetic and environmental modifiers, via poorly understood mechanisms. CDON is a multifunctional co-receptor, including for the HH pathway. In mice,Cdonmutation synergizes with fetal alcohol exposure, producing HPE phenotypes closely resembling those seen in humans. We report here that, unexpectedly, Nodal signaling is a major point of synergistic interaction betweenCdonmutation and fetal alcohol. Window-of-sensitivity, genetic, and in vitro findings are consistent with a model whereby brief exposure ofCdonmutant embryos to ethanol during gastrulation transiently and partially inhibits Nodal pathway activity, with consequent effects on midline patterning. These results illuminate mechanisms of gene-environment interaction in a multifactorial model of a common birth defect.
Structural and functional microbial diversity of sandy soil under cropland and grassland
Authors: Frąc Magdalena , Lipiec Jerzy , Usowicz Bogusław , Oszust Karolina , Brzezińska Małgorzata
Published: September 2020

Background

Land use change significantly alters soil organic carbon content and the microbial community. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of changing cropland to grassland on structural and functional soil microbial diversity was evaluated. The specific aims were (i) to identify the most prominent members of the fungal communities and their relevant ecological guild groups; (ii) to assess changes in the diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea; (iii) to determine the relationships between microbial diversity and selected physical and chemical properties.

Methods

We investigated microbial diversity and activity indicators, bulk density and the water-holding capacity of sandy soil under both cropland and 25-year-old grassland (formerly cropland) in Trzebieszów, in the Podlasie Region, Poland. Microbial diversity was assessed by: the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea, fungal community composition and functional diversity. Microbial activity was assessed by soil enzyme (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase) and respiration tests.

Results

It was shown that compared to cropland, grassland has a higher soil organic carbon content, microbial biomass, basal respiration, rate of enzyme activity, richness and diversity of the microbial community, water holding capacity and the structure of the fungal and ammonia-oxidizing archaea communities was also altered. The implications of these results for soil quality and soil health are also discussed. The results suggest that grassland can have a significant phytosanitary capacity with regard to ecosystem services, due to the prominent presence of beneficial and antagonistic microbes. Moreover, the results also suggest that grassland use may improve the status of soil organic carbon and nitrogen dynamics, thereby increasing the relative abundance of fungi and ammonia-oxidizing archaea.
Prognostic implications of metabolism-associated gene signatures in colorectal cancer
Authors: Miao Yandong , Li Qiutian , Wang Jiangtao , Quan Wuxia , Li Chen , Yang Yuan , Mi Denghai
Published: September 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and deadly malignancies. Novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease must be identified. Besides, metabolism plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of CRC. This article aims to identify some critical prognosis-related metabolic genes (PRMGs) and construct a prognosis model of CRC patients for clinical use. We obtained the expression profiles of CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA), then identified differentially expressed PRMGs by R and Perl software. Hub genes were filtered out by univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox analysis. We used functional enrichment analysis methods, such as Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, to identify involved signaling pathways of PRMGs. The nomogram predicted overall survival (OS). Calibration traces were used to evaluate the consistency between the actual and the predicted survival rate. Finally, a prognostic model was constructed based on six metabolic genes (NAT2, XDH, GPX3, AKR1C4, SPHK1, and ADCY5), and the risk score was an independent prognostic prognosticator. Genetic expression and risk score were significantly correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics of CRC. A nomogram based on the clinicopathological feature of CRC and risk score accurately predicted the OS of individual CRC cancer patients. We also validated the results in the independent colorectal cancer cohorts GSE39582 and GSE87211. Our study demonstrates that the risk score is an independent prognostic biomarker and is closely correlated with the malignant clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients. We also determined some metabolic genes associated with the survival and clinical stage of CRC as potential biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and treatment.