bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthèse des données probantes - La crise des opioïdes au Canada : une perspective nationale
Authors: Belzak Lisa , Halverson Jessica
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Cette recension offre un panorama à l'échelle nationale de ce que l’on
savait, en décembre 2017, au sujet de la crise des opioïdes au Canada, en matière de
décès et de méfaits liés à la consommation d’opioïdes et en matière de facteurs de risque
potentiels.

Méthodologie

Nous avons examiné tous les rapports de surveillance et les rapports épidémiologiques
sur les opioïdes destinés au public ayant été publiés par les ministères de
la Santé des provinces et des territoires et les bureaux des coroners en chef ou des médecins
légistes. Nous avons également examiné les publications de nos partenaires fédéraux
ainsi que les rapports et les articles sur le sujet publiés jusqu'à décembre 2017. Nous
avons synthétisé les données en comparant les taux de mortalité et de morbidité liés à la
consommation d’opioïdes dans les provinces et les territoires aux taux observés à l’échelle
nationale afin de déceler d’éventuelles tendances à l’échelle régionale.

Résultats

La crise des opioïdes touche toutes les régions du pays, mais certaines sont
plus durement atteintes que d’autres. En effet, depuis 2016, les taux de décès et
d’hospitalisations apparemment liés à la consommation d’opioïdes sont plus élevés dans
les provinces de l’Ouest que sont la Colombie-Britannique et l’Alberta, ainsi qu’au Yukon
et dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest. À l’échelle nationale, la plupart des décès apparemment
liés à la consommation d’opioïdes sont survenus chez des hommes et ils ont touché
en plus grande proportion les 30 à 39 ans. Les données disponibles laissent penser qu'il
existe des différences régionales en matière de résultats de santé en fonction de l'âge et du
sexe, en particulier lorsque des opioïdes synthétiques sont en cause. Toutefois, des différences
relevant des méthodes de collecte et des exigences relatives à la déclaration des
données peuvent jouer sur l’interprétation et la comparabilité des résultats.

Conclusion

Ce rapport relève des lacunes en ce qui concerne certaines données et certains
domaines, auxquelles il faudra remédier en menant des études plus approfondies
pour mieux comprendre la crise nationale des opioïdes. L’Agence de la santé publique du
Canada va continuer de travailler en étroite collaboration avec les provinces, les territoires
et ses partenaires nationaux pour affiner et normaliser les processus de collecte de données
à l’échelle nationale, mener des études spécifiques et améliorer l’échange
d’information, afin que l’on dispose de meilleures données sur lesquelles se fonder pour
élaborer des mesures de santé publique et prévenir les décès et les méfaits liés aux
opioïdes.
Canadian trends in opioid-related mortality and disability
from opioid use disorder from 1990 to 2014 through the
lens of the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Orpana Heather M. , Lang Justin J. , Baxi Maulik , Halverson Jessica , Kozloff Nicole , Cahill Leah , Alam Samiah , Patten Scott , Morrison Howard
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Several regions in Canada have recently experienced sharp increases in
opioid overdoses and related hospitalizations and deaths. This paper describes opioid-related
mortality and disability from opioid use disorder in Canada from 1990 to 2014
using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.

Methods

We used data from the GBD study to describe temporal trends (1990–2014) in
opioid-related mortality and disability from opioid use disorder using common metrics:
disability-adjusted life years (DALY), deaths, years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with
disability (YLD). We also compared age-standardized YLL and DALY rates per 100 000
population between Canada, the USA and other regions.

Results

The age-standardized opioid-related DALY rate in Canada was 355.5 per
100 000 population in 2014, which was higher than the global rate of 193.2, but lower
than the rate of 767.9 in the United States. Between 1990 and 2014, the age-standardized
opioid-related YLL rate in Canada increased by 142.2%, while globally this rate
decreased by 10.1%. In comparison with YLL, YLD accounted for a larger proportion of
the overall opioid-related burden across all age groups. Health loss was greater for
males than females, and highest among those aged 25 to 29 years.

Conclusion

The health burden associated with opioid-related mortality and disability
from opioid use disorder in Canada is significant and has increased dramatically from
1990 to 2014. These data point to a need for public health action including enhanced
monitoring of a range of opioid-related harms.
Aperçu - Hospitalisations et visites à l’urgence en raison d’un empoisonnement aux opioïdes au Canada
Authors: O’Connor Shannon , Grywacheski Vera , Louie Krista
Published: June 2018

L’augmentation des méfaits attribuables aux opioïdes constitue un problème de plus en
plus préoccupant en santé publique au Canada. Cette analyse a utilisé les données de la
Base de données sur la morbidité des hôpitaux et du Système national de rapports sur les
soins ambulatoires pour déterminer le nombre d’hospitalisations et de visites aux services
d’urgence en raison d’un empoisonnement aux opioïdes au Canada. Le nombre d’hospitalisations
pour empoisonnement aux opioïdes a augmenté au cours des 10 dernières
années, atteignant 15,6 par tranche de 100 000 habitants en 2016-2017, et celui des visites
aux services d’urgence en raison d’un empoisonnement aux opioïdes a également augmenté
en Alberta et en Ontario, les deux provinces qui ont recueilli des données des services
d’urgence assez détaillées pour être analysées. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance
de la surveillance pancanadienne des méfaits attribuables aux opioïdes, ainsi que la
nécessité de politiques fondées sur des données probantes pour aider à les réduire.
Aperçu - Leçons tirées du lancement du programme de naloxone à emporter à domicile du Manitoba
Authors: Bozat-Emre Songul , Marshall Shelley G. , Zhong Colin , Reimer Joss
Published: June 2018

Le gouvernement du Manitoba a lancé son programme de naloxone à emporter à domicile
en janvier 2017. Fin septembre 2017, plus de 60 sites de distribution fonctionnaient
dans la province. Ces sites ont distribué 765 trousses aux personnes à risque de surdose
d’opioïdes, dont 93 en remplacement d'une trousse utilisée lors d’une surdose. La plupart
de ces surdoses ont touché des hommes (60,2 %) et ont eu lieu dans une résidence privée
(72,0 %). Le fentanyl et le carfentanil ont été les substances en cause les plus fréquemment
rapportées dans les cas de surdose. Les données du programme de naloxone à
emporter à domicile fournissent des renseignements importants sur le contexte spécifique
de la crise des opioïdes au Manitoba.
Evaluating the early impacts of delisting high-strength opioids on patterns of prescribing in Ontario
Authors: Guan Qi , Khuu Wayne , Martins Diana , Tadrous Mina , Chiu Maria , Do Minh T. , Gomes Tara
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Ontario delisted high-strength fentanyl, hydromorphone and morphine
from the public drug formulary for non-palliative care prescribers on 31 January, 2017.
Our aim is to assess the early impact of this policy on prescribing patterns and to examine
whether this impact varied by prescriber type, opioid type and opioid strength.

Methods

We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study on palliative and
non-palliative care patients dispensed fentanyl, hydromorphone or morphine through
the Ontario public drug program between 1 January, 2014, and 31 July, 2017. For each
month during the study period, we reported the total number of high-strength opioid
recipients stratified by prescriber type, and the total volume of each drug dispensed,
stratified by strength. We used interventional autoregressive integrated moving average
(ARIMA) models to assess the policy’s impact on prescribing patterns.

Results

We observed a 98% decrease in the total number of publicly funded recipients
of high-strength opioids between December 2016 and July 2017 (5930 to 133 recipients)
for all prescribers. The policy led to a significant decline in the total volume of all three
opioids dispensed: hydromorphone from 20 374 621 to 16 952 097 mg (p $lt; .01); morphine
from 40 644 190 to 33 555 480 mg (p $lt; .03); and fentanyl from 9 604 913 to
5 842 405 mcg/h (p $lt; .01). For both fentanyl and hydromorphone, this reduction generally
corresponded to an increase in the number of low-strength opioids dispensed.

Conclusion

Delisting high-strength opioids substantially reduced the number of highstrength
opioid recipients and reduced the overall volume of long-acting opioids dispensed
in Ontario through the public drug program. Future studies should examine its
impact on patient outcomes.
Aperçu - Que révèlent les médias sociaux au sujet de la crise des opioïdes au Canada?
Authors: Tibebu Semra , Chang Vicky C. , Drouin Charles-Antoine , Thompson Wendy , Do Minh T.
Published: June 2018

Nous avons utilisé les médias sociaux comme source de données potentielle pour obtenir
de l’information en temps réel sur l’usage des opioïdes et sur les perceptions entourant
ces substances au Canada. Nous avons recueilli des messages sur Twitter au moyen d’une
plateforme d’analyse des médias sociaux entre le 15 juin et le 13 juillet 2017, puis nous
les avons analysés afin d'y déceler les thèmes récurrents. Nous avons souvent relevé des
messages concernant l’usage d’opioïdes à des fins médicales ainsi que des commentaires
sur les efforts d’intervention déployés par le gouvernement du Canada dans le cadre de la
crise des opioïdes. Les résultats de l’étude pourraient aider à orienter les pratiques en
santé publique ainsi qu'à soutenir les intervenants communautaires dans leurs efforts
pour contrer la crise.
The Historiography of Science as a Specific Field of Research
Authors: Condé Mauro L. , Salomon Marlon
Published: June 2018

From the Editors
The Relationship between History and Epistemology in Georges Canguilhem and Gaston Bachelard
Authors: Castelli Gattinara Enrico
Published: June 2018

The article shows the strategic analogies, but also the differences between Bachelard and Canguilhem on the use of the history of science for epistemology. It emphasizes the importance of the ideology for Canguilhem, and the conceptual essence he recognizes in the history of science, which is read in its internal specific differences and in its complex articulations with life and reality. No concept, in fact, comes from nothing. The link between history and epistemology is not however of subjection, but of mutual influence. Canguilhem radicalizes the thought of Bachelard, and recognizes the historicity of every aspect of scientific knowledge, even of its less valued features and above all of errors. All aspects of Science are historical. The object of the history of science is not the object of the sciences, because it is always a discourse. This is why the history of science is inevitably linked to other forms of history. This opens up a pluralist conception of History and of Time, thinking of the sciences in their real body and no longer ideal or legal. Thus Canguilhem opens the way to the researches of Foucault and Serres.
Canguilhem and the Logic of Life
Authors: Etxeberria Arantza , Wolfe Charles T.
Published: June 2018

In this paper we examine aspects of Canguilhem’s philosophy of biology, concerning the knowledge of life and its consequences on science and vitalism. His concept of life stems from the idea of a living individual, endowed with creative subjectivity and norms, a Kantian view which “disconcerts logic”. In contrast, two different approaches ground naturalistic perspectives to explore the logic of life (Jacob) and the logic of the living individual (Maturana and Varela) in the 1970s. Although Canguilhem is closer to the second, there are divergences; for example, unlike them, he does not dismiss vitalism, often referring to it in his work and even at times describing himself as a vitalist. The reason may lie in their different views of science.
“Genetic Load”
Authors: Soulier Alexandra
Published: June 2018

The term “genetic load” first emerged in a paper written in 1950 by the geneticist H. Muller. It is a mathematical model based on biological, social, political and ethical arguments describing the dramatic accumulation of disadvantageous mutations in human populations that will occur in modern societies if eugenic measures are not taken. The model describes how the combined actions of medical and social progress will supposedly impede natural selection and make genes of inferior quality likely to spread across populations – a process which in fine loads their progress. Genetic load is based on optimal fitness and emerges from a “typological view” of evolution. This model of evolution had previously, however, been invalidated by Robert Wright and Theodosius Dobzhansky who, as early as 1946, showed that polymorphism was the rule in natural populations. The blooming and persistence of the concept of genetic load, after its theoretical basis had already expired, are a historical puzzle. This persistence reveals the intricacy of science and policy-making in eugenic matters. The Canguilhemian concept of ‘scientific ideology’ (1988) is used along with the concept of ‘immutable mobile’ (Latour 1986) and compared with the concept of ‘co-production’ (Jasanoff 1998), to provide complementary perspectives on this complex phenomenon.
Looking through the Corners
Authors: Almeida Tiago Santos
Published: June 2018

This paper presents the role of Althusser and two of his students in the 1960s, Pierre Macherey and Dominique Lecourt, in the diffusion of the work of Georges Canguilhem in Brazil. We begin by a brief review of Macherey’s and Lecourt’s analysis on the work of Canguilhem taken from two texts that served as postface and preface to the Brazilian and the Argentine translations of Le normal et le pathologique. Next, we present the works ofBrazilian authors Sérgio Arouca, Cecilia Donnangelo and Ricardo Bruno Mendes-Gonçalves to show some aspects of the reception of Canguilhem’s ideas and concepts in the field of Collective Health.
Canguilhem and the Machine Metaphor in Life Sciences
Authors: Fiant Océane
Published: June 2018

The metaphor is used in the construction process of scientific knowledge. There are, however, metaphors that do not suit the objects they should represent, which thus impacts the accuracy of the knowledge which derives from these objects. It is the case of the machine metaphor, when resorted to in the study of living organisms. Canguilhem has tackled problems it created in twentieth-century life sciences head on. In his criticism, he links the analysis of Descartes’ work to his own philosophical thesis on “biological normativity”. By doing so, he so sheds a light on the pitfalls, both historical and biological, over which the machine metaphor stumbles. He thereby orders sciences to periodically make sure of the relevance of their metaphors and explanatory models to their objects.
When Physics Meets Biology
Authors: Di Mauro Marco , Esposito Salvatore , Naddeo Adele
Published: June 2018

We discuss a less known aspect of Feynman’s multifaceted scientific work, centered about his interest in molecular biology, which came out around 1959 and lasted for several years. After a quick historical reconstruction about the birth of molecular biology, we focus on Feynman’s work on genetics with Robert S. Edgar in the laboratory of Max Delbruck, which was later quoted by Francis Crick and others in relevant papers, as well as in Feynman’s lectures given at the Hughes Aircraft Company on biology, organic chemistry and microbiology, whose notes taken by the attendee John Neer are available. An intriguing perspective comes out about one of the most interesting scientists of the XX century.
Interview: Olival Freire Jr
Authors: Freire Jr Olival , Rocha Gustavo Rodrigues
Published: June 2018

Interview: Olival Freire Jr
Interviewed by Gustavo Rodrigues Rocha
The Medieval Book in Early Modern Transylvania Preliminary Assessments
Authors: DINCĂ Adinel
Published: June 2018

The present paper aims to resume, after an intermission of more than 100 years, a generous research subject, well represented on the international and regional scene, but completely out of the spotlight of Romanian historians: the history of the medieval book from Transylvania and its post-medieval destiny. The research perspectives focus on two major directions: on the one hand, the analysis of the historical contexts that favoured the keeping and uninterrupted use of medieval books during the 16th-17th Centuries, on the other hand the study of fragments detached from medieval manuscripts and re-used as materials for the covers and bindings of modern volumes. The destiny of the books, fata libelli, in the interval between their pragmatic use and their transformation into cultural heritage objects during the 19th century, comes forth as a distinct research theme at a national level. The preliminary assessments on this research topic in Romania concern the circumscription of the topic, the review of sources at the disposal of researchers, and also a scrutiny of international research and results.
Rezumat: Cartea medievală în Transilvania premodernă. Preliminarii la o cercetare. Articolul de față își propune să reia, după o întrerupere de mai bine de 100 de ani, un subiect de cercetare generos, bine reprezentat pe scena internațională și regională, dar cu totul ieșit din atenția cercetătorilor din România: istoria cărții medievale din Transilvania din perspectiva destinului post-medieval al acesteia. Perspectivele de cercetare se axează pe două direcții majore: pe de o parte, analiza circumstanțelor istorice în care cartea medievală a fost păstrată și eventual folosită continuu în secolele XVI-XVII, pe de altă parte, este vorba de studiul fragmentelor desprinse din manuscrisele și tipăriturile medievale aflate în circulație locală, refolosite în secolele XVI-XVII drept materiale în legarea coperților volumelor moderne. Destinul cărților, fata libelli, în perioada intermediară dintre folosirea lor pragmatică și transformarea lor în obiecte de patrimoniu cultural în decursul secolului al XIX-lea, se desprinde astfel ca o temă de cercetare distinctă pe plan național. Considerațiile preliminare privind aceasă temă de cercetare în România privesc circumscrierea subiectului și o privire generală asupra surselor aflate la dispoziția cercetătorilor, în paralel cu o primă evaluare a progreselor în domeniu pe plan internațional.
 Cuvinte-cheie: Transilvania medievală și modern-timpurie, manuscris, carte tipărită, studiul fragmentelor.
Aquinas on the Nature and Implications of Divine Simplicity
Authors: Hughes Christopher
Published: June 2018

I discuss what Aquinas’ doctrine of divine simplicity is, and what he takes to be its implications. I also discuss the extent to which Aquinas succeeds in motivating and defending those (putative) implications.
Utrum verum et simplex convertantur. The Simplicity of God in Aquinas and Swinburne
Authors: Tapp Christian
Published: June 2018

This paper explores Thomas Aquinas’ and Richard Swinburne’s doctrines of simplicity in the context of their philosophical theologies. Both say that God is simple. However, Swinburne takes simplicity as a property of the theistic hypothesis, while for Aquinas simplicity is a property of God himself. For Swinburne, simpler theories are ceteris paribus more likely to be true; for Aquinas, simplicity and truth are properties of God which, in a certain way, coincide – because God is metaphysically simple. Notwithstanding their different approaches, some unreckoned parallels between their thoughts are brought to light.
EnseñAPP: Aplicación Educativa de Realidad Aumentada para el Primer ciclo de Educación Primaria
Authors: Castellano Brasero Tania , Santacruz Valencia Liliana Patricia
Published: June 2018

La Realidad Aumentada (en adelante RA), se puede considerar como un proceso constructivista, en el cual los estudiantes asumen el control de su propio aprendizaje a través de la interacción con los mundos real y virtual. De esta manera, el aprendizaje tiene lugar cuando el estudiante es capaz de construir modelos conceptuales que sean consistentes con lo que él ya sabe y con el nuevo contenido a aprender.Hoy en día, existen numerosas aplicaciones educativas basadas en la RA a través de las cuales los niños pueden aprender conceptos de una forma más interactiva.El principal objetivo del trabajo es el desarrollo de una aplicación para educación primaria y el posterior estudio de caso, para comprobar el efecto en el aprendizaje de los alumnos con el uso de la RA.En este artículo se describe EnseñApp, una aplicación para dispositivos móviles, basada en el uso de la RA consistente en un sencillo juego educativo de preguntas y respuestas, para niños de entre 6 y 9 años. Las respuestas a las preguntas son los marcadores que hacen fluir la RA, mostrando en su conjunto, personajes en 3D, imágenes, audios y, en definitiva, haciendo el aprendizaje fácil y divertido. Además, se presentan los resultados del estudio de caso llevado a cabo para evaluar el uso de dicha aplicación por un grupo de alumnos de primer ciclo de Educación Primaria.Se estudian por tanto las siguientes competencias establecidas en el Decreto 89 del BOE [1].1. Comunicación lingüística.2. Competencia matemática y competencias básicas en ciencia y tecnología.3. Competencia digital.4. Aprender a aprender.
Las Píldoras de Contenidos
Authors: Eines Mónica E. , Aranda Nélida Inés , Amilivia Luis Alberto
Published: June 2018

Este trabajo muestra los resultados de una investigación realizada en la Universidad de Morón en los dos últimos años sobre cátedras de Matemática, en cuanto a la aplicación del M-learning. En ella se utilizó como hilo conductor el concepto de píldoras de contenido y se reformuló todo el material didáctico existente para adaptarlo a este concepto. Se efectuaron mediciones de accesos a los distintos recursos, tanto desde la plataforma educativa como desde redes sociales y también, mediciones de velocidad de acceso, considerando el impacto de la latencia en la transmisión de datos, desde las diferentes zonas geográficas aledañas a la Universidad de Morón, con distintos dispositivos móviles tanto en modo WI-Fi como con paquete de datos y se establecieron criterios de tamaño válidos para esas píldoras.
Comprendiendo la Aplicabilidad de Scrum en el Aula: Herramientas y Ejemplos
Authors: Kuz Antonieta , Falco Mariana , Giandini Roxana S.
Published: June 2018

Las metodologías ágiles permiten flexibilizar y gestionar el desarrollo de software siendo Scrum un marco que permite el desarrollo y mantenimiento de productos complejos, reduciendo el riesgo durante la realización de un proyecto trabajando de manera colaborativa. Debido a su capacidad para potenciar la autoorganización y cooperación, son cada vez más los profesionales que están explorando cómo aplicar Scrum en la educación. Consecuentemente, el objetivo que persigue el presente artículo es evidenciar los distintos tópicos que se consideran a la hora de trabajar con Scrum, presentando tres ejemplos de aplicación de metodologías ágiles en el aula.
Desarrollo de un espacio de enseñanza aprendizaje para realizar actividades con uso de software en una cátedra numerosa
Authors: Scorzo Roxana , Favieri Adriana , Williner Betina
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar la incorporación de tecnología en la organización de espacios de aprendizaje extra áulicos de cátedras numerosas. En nuestro caso se trata del denominado Taller de Informática de la cátedra Análisis Matemático I (AMI) y corresponde a carreras de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza (UNLaM). Explicamos cómo y por qué seleccionamos herramientas gratuitas de la Web para organizarlo y describimos algunos aspectos organizativos de la propuesta didáctica. Por último mostramos los resultados de la implementación de las mismas. Consideramos que las TIC no sólo nos asisten en la enseñanza y aprendizaje, sino también son de gran ayuda a la hora de organizar espacios que son utilizados por un gran número de alumnos y docentes.
Síntesis de Tesis: ProBots3D: programando Robots en 3D. Una herramienta libre para enseñar programación a niños y jóvenes
Authors: Banchoff Tzancoff Claudia
Published: June 2018

La sociedad del siglo XXI requiere de ciudadanos creativos, que puedan afrontar y gobernar la tecnología cada día más presente en la vida cotidiana. Los jóvenes de hoy socializan, se comunican e interactúan mediados por las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC). Por lo general, las TIC se abordan en la escuela como soporte de las restantes áreas del conocimiento, aunque es importante ahondar en el estudio de la disciplina informática en general y programación en  particular.

Desde el año 2009 se trabaja en diversas estrategias desde distintos proyectos. En particular la tesista coordina un proyecto que introduce la programación en el lenguaje Python utilizando robots.

El objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar y evaluar una propuesta de uso de la herramienta ProBots3D, en el marco de las actividades prácticas del proyecto "Programando con robots y software libre".
Study on Mesenchymal Artery Syndrome and Its Related Anatomy by MDCTA
Authors: Hu Zhaoan , Song Weiduo , Liu Liqiang
Published: June 2018

Objective: To study the eﬀect of MDCTA on the angle and distance of mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta in normal and superior mesenteric artery syndrome and its effect on duodenal level. Materials and Methods: Using MDCTA, retrospective observation of 108 cases of normal and 17 cases of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in patients with superior mesenteric artery and abdominal aortic angle and duodenal level mesenteric artery and abdominal aortic space, and compared. Results: All MDCTA of patients with superior mesenteric artery syndrome showed 'clamp pressure' of the superior mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta in the duodenal segment, causing duodenal obstruction. Among the 108 normal subjects, the angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta was 46.3 ° ± 16.5 ° and 14.3 ° ± 5.6 ° in the superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The normal level of the duodenum was superior to the superior mesenteric artery Arterial distance of 14.7 ± 4.4mm, superior mesenteric artery syndrome in patients with 4.5 ± 0.8mm, the two groups of data have significant statistical diﬀerences. Conclusion: MDCTA can show the duodenal obstruction caused by the mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta of the superior mesenteric artery syndrome, and can accurately show the angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta the reduction of distance, the diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome has important clinical value.
Nylon 66/nano CaCO3 composites
Authors: Yuan Peipei , Zhong Jianshu , Liu Xisheng
Published: June 2018

The nylon 66/nano-CaCO3 composites were prepared by melt blending on a twin-screw extruder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarized light microscopy (PLM), thermal loss (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) The eﬀects of nanometer calcium carbonate on the polycrystalline behavior and thermal properties of nylon 66/nano CaCO3 composites were investigated. The results show that the nanometer calcium carbonate particles are dispersed in the nylon 66 matrix and exist in the form of aggregates. The nanometer calcium carbonate has the eﬀect of heterogeneous nucleation, which can reduce the size of the spherules. The decomposition temperature of the nylon 66 is 400 ℃, the addition of nano-CaCO3 to reduce the decomposition temperature. At the same time, DSC test showed that the β-crystalline form in the material reduced the melting temperature of the material. The addition of nano-CaCO3 in the nylon 66 matrix resulted in the decrease of the crystallization temperature and the increase of the half-height width of the endothermic peak. The lower the crystallization temperature, the wider the crystallization temperature range.
Preparation and Catalytic Performance of Fe3+ Doped Nano-materials
Authors: Chen Jianhui , Liu Yuxiu , Ye Zhiqin
Published: June 2018

Fe3+-doped nano-TiO2 powders were prepared by sol-gel method. The photocatalytic activity of Fe3+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles was studied by using UV lamp as light source and methylene blue as degradation target. The photocatalytic activity of Fe3+-doped TiO2 was studied by degradation of 4L methylene blue solution with initial concentration of 10mg · L - 1. The results show that the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be improved by the addition of Fe3+. When the molar ratio of Fe3+ is 0.5-1%, the calcination temperature is 500 ℃. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue is the best.
EfficiencyBeta Batteries with Direct Energy Conversion
Authors: Bulyarskiy Sergey V. , Abanin Ivan E. , Lakalin Alexander V.
Published: June 2018

The properties of the beta batteries are compared, which are made on the basis of the different β-isotopes with beta decay. Tritium and Ni-63 make it possible to make β-sources of high activity, without harmful associated emissions, with low self-absorption, emitting high-energy β-electrons that penetrate deep into the semiconductor and generate a large number of electron-hole pairs. The efficiency of beta batteries needs to be analyzed based on the real energy distribution of β-electrons. It makes possible to obtain the real value of the energy absorbed inside the β-source, correctly estimate the amount of self-absorption of the β-electrons and part of the β-electronsthere is a penetrate into the semiconductor, the number of electrons and holes that are generated in the semiconductor, and the magnitude of the idling voltage. Formulas for these quantities are calculated in this paper.
Study on Doctor Blade and Spin Coated CuInGaSe2 Thin Films
Authors: Singh Abhay Kumar , Jen Tien Chien
Published: June 2018

This report deals synthesis of CuInGa (CIG) nano materials along with doctor blade and spin coated thin films selenization and their physical properties. The doctor blade and spin coated CIGS/SLG thin films thicknesses are obtained ̴ 2 μm and ̴ 2.95 μm.  Raman spectroscopy of these thin films leads the chalcopyrite phase formation by exhibiting the peak at wave number 171 cm-1. The well developed grain growths of spin coated thin film are appeared in the surface morphology. While the grain growths developments in doctoral blade coated thin film is rather hard and fuzzy. EDS measurement recognised the existence of the compositional ratio presence of the alloying elements Cu, In. Ga and Se. The doctor blade and spin coated CIGS/SLG thin films are exhibited the UV- Visible transmission peak in the wave length range 240 nm 320 nm. The optical energy band gaps for the doctor blade and spin coated CIGS thin films are obtained 1.41eV and 1.5 eV.
Titanium Oxide Photocatalytic Materials and Their Applications in Ceramics
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Liu Hao , Su Jianwei
Published: June 2018

Titanium oxide has the advantages of high activity, good stability, non-toxic and low cost cost eﬀective. It is one of the most widely studied photocatalysts and the most promising material for photocatalytic ceramics. In this paper, the photocatalytic mechanism of TiO2, the influence factors of photocatalytic activity, the preparation of nano-TiO2, the phase change of nano-TiO2, the application of TiO2 photocatalytic materials and the research progress of photocatalytic ceramics were reviewed.
Effect of Activator on Properties of SiC Porous Ceramics
Authors: Yu Xinhua , Tian Qinqin , Li Yanfei
Published: June 2018

In this study, porous silicon carbide ceramics were prepared by using silicon carbide as the main material and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the pore-forming agent. SiO2-Y2O3-Al2O3 and SiO2-kaolin were used as the builders respectively. This study is about the eﬀect of SiO2-Y2O3-Al2O3 and SiO2-kaolin content on the structure and mechanical properties of porous silicon carbide. SiO2-Y2O3-Al2O3 and SiO2-kaolin affect the porosity, hardness and flexural strength of silicon carbide porous ceramics. In this experiment, the porosity of porous ceramics was measured by Archimedes method. The hardness was measured by Rockwell hardness tester. The flexural strength was measured by universal testing machine. The results show that the properties of silicon carbide porous ceramics prepared by SiO2-Y2O3-Al2O3 are better than that of SiO2-kaolinite when the SiO2 -Y2O3-Al2O3 content is 20%. With SiO2-Y2O3-Al2O3 as the combustion agent, porous ceramic with better performance can be prepared at 1500 ℃. When the SiO2-Y2O3-Al2O3 content is 20%, the prepared silicon carbide porous ceramics has a large porosity and excellent mechanical properties, the opening porosity of 23.73%, hardness and flexural strength of 62 and 15.47MPa, from the fracture can be seen more porous and evenly distributed.
Study on Preparation Technology and Properties of Tiutai Porous Ceramics
Authors: Wang Hui , Shang Jine , Yang Xuesong
Published: June 2018

In this paper, three kinds of iron tailings samples were selected as the main research object, and an iron tailings porous ceramic material was prepared by adding pore forming agent. The crystal structure, surface morphology and microstructure of the composites were observed by XRD and SEM. Finally, the eﬀects of porous ceramics on water pH, conductivity and surface tension were studied. By adjusting the recipe, the final finding of a better formula for firing: iron tailings (1 #): cellulose = 15: 2.57. The interior of the ceramic formed a denser pore structure, and the pores were more uniform, the aperture was more consistent. And the pH value of the water can be weakly alkaline, the conductivity increased by 58.75% and the surface tension decreased by 0.37%. The results provide the basis for the application of the tailings porous ceramic materials in the biological field.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Continued Growth in Foreign Exchange Reserves
Authors: Du Shu , Lin Xuemei , Han Xiangwen
Published: June 2018

Foreign exchange reserves are essential for an open economy. It is an important guarantee to make up for the balance of payments deficit, to intervene in the foreign exchange market, to maintain the exchange rate of the local currency, to repay the external debt and to maintain public confidence. However, the foreign exchange reserves are not as good as possible. China's foreign exchange reserves continued to grow and the high scale of concern, on the high foreign exchange reserves and inflation, the appreciation of the renminbi pressure, holding costs of more research. This paper first introduces the concept of foreign exchange reserves, and analyzes the root causes of the growth of China's foreign exchange reserves. Combined with previous research results to explore China's foreign exchange reserves continued to grow on the positive and negative eﬀects of the economy.
The problem of position determination of signal transmitting device in 3D road
Authors: Le Chengdong , Xu Liangchen , He Shiqing
Published: June 2018

With the development of social economy, the current urban traffic problem is more prominent. In order to solve this problem very well, the idea of establishing intelligent traffic management came into being. The establishment of intelligent traffic management, cannot do without the signal launch and reception. Therefore, how to set up some wireless signal transmitting device in time to travel on the road motor vehicles to send traffic information and how to achieve full coverage of the signal and signal stability is our article to discuss the issue. For the first question, we must separate the motorway and non-motorway from all roads. Motorway lanes are usually straight and long. While the bends are usually just sidewalks or bike lanes (non-motorized lanes). So the 121 road can be clustered analysis, clustering of the two indicators for each road length (the distance between the adjacent points) and the collection point of density (by drawing, you can observe the more curved the denser the road collection point, so the road curvature into the collection point of the intensity), the result of clustering can get 48 motor lanes. And then through regress function regression and data fitting to achieve an approximate description of each type of motor vehicle description model, so that each road in a given latitude (latitude) coordinates to determine the latitude (longitude) coordinates and the corresponding altitude. For the problem of two, according to the meaning of the road to know the signal strength is only related to the distance between the sampling point and the launch device, so you can 'the motor vehicle between the signal reception is relatively close to' this indicator into ' The average of the distance between all the sampling points and the transmitting device is close to '. By reading the data will be latitude and longitude conversion distance length, so that the maximum value as small as possible. The position of the launcher can be obtained by programming by MATLAB. When considering the altitude, only the position of the transmitting device can be changed. (9.7824,56.7720), and the position coordinates when considering the altitude are D (9.7459, 56.7586, 73.5645), and the position coordinate of the signal device is B (9.7824, 56.7720). For question three, note the effect of the original signal device A on the result. We still use the average of the distance between all the sampling points of the road and the launcher to characterize the stability of the signal reception. The average distance of all non-motorized trains to the original signal device A is first determined, and then the average distance of all non-motorized lanes from the new signal device B is set, and the signal acceptance strength of the non-motorized lane can be used to characterize. And then use the same method in question two to determine the location of the new signal transmitter. Finally, the coordinates of the position of the new signal device are E (9.7459,56.7586,73.5645).
Experimental Study on the Effect of Solar Radiation on Heat Transfer Performance of Flat panel Solar Water Heater
Authors: Wang IRR , Cheng Yedong , Zhang Chu
Published: June 2018

The development status of flat panel solar water heater and the composition of water heater are described. The solar radiation in three typical weather conditions of sunny, cloudy and rainy days is studied. The hot water temperature, heat and heat collector eﬃciency are studied. The results show that the influence of the weather on the solar irradiance is large, and the irradiance has a great influence on the water temperature.
Spectroscopic Analysis of the Interaction between Bovine Serum Protein and Lead Ion
Authors: Kong Xiangqian , Liu Yingqing , Chen Yanhua
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the spectral characteristics of the interaction between lead and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The eﬀects of pH, bovine serum albumin concentration, lead ion concentration and ionic strength on the spectra of lead ion-bovine serum albumin system were investigated, and the best testing condition is to determine the interaction between lead and BSA by testing the peak changes or displacement in the UV spectrum analysis. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that lead ion could induce the fluorescence quenching of bovine serum albumin. The influence of lead ion on the secondary structure of protein was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. It was found that β-angle increased, α-helix decreased and β-slice increased.
Current Situation and Control of Rocky Desertification in Qian nan Mountainous Area of Guizhou Province
Authors: Zhu Huimin , Zhang Yan , Dai Mengyuan
Published: June 2018

Dushan county, Guizhou province, is located in the southernmost tip of Guizhou province. It belongs to the temperate climate of the subtropical region and is one of the centers of the karst east Asia area. The total area of the county is 242220 hectares, of which 169142 hectares are rocky desertifi cation or endangered desertification state. At present, the problem of rocky desertification has seriously aﬀected the ecological environment of the county, which is one of the important factors that restrict the local social living standard and economic development. Therefore, it is of great significance to promote the social and economic development of the county by investigating and analyzing the spatial diﬀerentiation rules, present situation and harm of rocky desertification in Dushan county.
Research Progress of Low Dielectric Benzoxazine Resin
Authors: Yin Qiuping , Zhang Zhenbo , Liu Hongyu
Published: June 2018

Benzoxazine resin, a new type of phenolic resin, has many advantages, such as a strong molecular design, no small molecular release in the curing process, excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties, and a high residual carbon ratio. Thus, it is important for electronic communication industry matrix material. To meet the needs of high-frequency and high-speed communication technology for low-dielectric polymer resin, the low-dielectric modification of benzoxazine resin is of great significance to the high frequency and high-speed propagation of the signal, which attracts a wide range of materials researchers’ attention. In this paper, we review a series of studies on the low dielectric modification of benzoxazine resin in recent years, including the synthesis of new monomers, inorganic - organic hybridization, copolymerization with other resins, and low molecular weight benzoxazine resin research trends.
Preparation and Research Progress of Polymer-based Flexible Conductive Composites
Authors: Chen Xingqiang , Fang Suxing , Hou Zhenpin
Published: June 2018

The development of flexible, wearable electronic devices is one of the future directions of technology development. Flexible conductive materials are important supporting materials for wearable electronic devices. Polymer has excellent flexibility; it is an important way to prepare flexible conductors from polymer-based conductive composites. In this paper, the research progress of polymer-based flexible conductive composites is summarized in terms of preparation and characterization methods. The key factors to realize flexible conductors are put forward, namely, the maintenance of excellent polymer elasticity and the realization of stability. The design and preparation of the extensible conductor with high-elasticity matrix and nanofiller are introduced in detail, and the problems in the current research are summarized.
Flame Retardant Eﬀect of Isocyanate Trimer on Polyisocyanurate Foam
Authors: Du Mingyang , He Chunze , Zhou Canhui
Published: June 2018

The eﬀect of isocyanate trimer on the flame retardancy mechanism of polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam was studied in three aspects, including the mechanism of thermal decomposition in the condensed phase, the barrier mechanism of carbon layer formation on the surface in the condensed phase, and the mechanism in the gaseous phase, by using infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, a cone calorimeter, and high-temperature pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The results show that the trimmer can improve the thermal stability of the PIR foam and is not easily decomposed in the combustion. The trimmer can increase the carbon content of the PIR foam to 29.9% of that of the polyurethane (PU) foam. The carbon layer formed is denser, and it can retard heat and oxygen and thus improve the flame retardant properties; trimer can reduce the release of flammable polyol gas, decompose into more carbon dioxide, which is an inert gas, and it has certain flame retardant effects in the gaseous phase.
Advances in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Modified Grain
Authors: Cui Changqing , Feng Shaofeng , Zhu Liqun
Published: June 2018

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a kind of controllable reactive radical polymerization method with potential application value. The modification of graphene oxide (GO) by ATRP reaction can eﬀectively control various graft polymer molecules Chain length and graft density, giving GO diﬀerent functionality, such as good solvent dispersibility, environmental sensitive stimulus responsiveness, biocompatibility, and the like. In this paper, ATRP reaction and GO surface non-covalent bonding ATRP polymer molecular chain were directly initiated from GO surface immobilization initiator. The ATRP reaction modified GO was reviewed, and the process conditions and research methods of ATRP modification reaction were summarized, as well as pointed out the functional characteristics and application prospect of GO functionalized composites.
Imaging Manifestation and Treatment of Nephroblastoma
Authors: Song Dapeng
Published: June 2018

Neonoblastoma is also known as renal embryos, Wilms tumor, originated in the undifferentiated posterior renal embryo base, can form a variety of components of the kidney. It shows Kidney cell tumor accounts for more than 80% of children under 15 years of age with malignant genitourinary tumors, accounting for about 8% of children's solid tumors. Statistics of domestic 6 pediatric hospital 2133 cases of malignant solid tumors, there are 503 cases of nephroblastoma (24%), the diagnosis of age 1 to 5 years old accounted for 75%, the highest age is 1 to 3 years old, the average age is 3.1 year old. 90% of cases diagnosed when the age is less than 7 years old, rare in adults and newborns. Male and female gender and left and right side of the same, bilateral accounted for 1.4% to 10.3%, the average age of diagnosis is 15 months. Abdominal mass is the most common symptoms, about 75% of patients with abdominal mass or abdominal distension treatment. As the lumps at a later time do not affect the nutritional and health of children, and no other symptoms, so more because parents give their children bath or dressing was accidental discovery, and often not the parents attention and delay treatment. Late tumor increased, children by huge tumor oppression, may have shortness of breath, loss of appetite, weight loss, irritability phenomenon. Gross hematuria rare, but microscopic hematuria can be as high as 25%. 25% to 63% of patients may have high blood pressure performance. A very small number of nephroblastoma spontaneous ulceration, clinical manifestations similar to acute abdomen. This study aims to investigate the imaging findings of B-ultrasonography, CT and MRI in nephroblastoma. Methods: Eight patients were examined by this study, and the lesion size, edge, internal structure and enhancement were observed. The results of the examination have the same, but the degree of display and subtle structure is diﬀerent. Through medical images can be on the examination of the disease can make a diagnosis, MR the most diagnostic value. Comprehensive data can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy.