bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A trial of phosphohexose isomerase as a means of detecting cervical carcinoma
Authors: Muir Grainger G. , Valteris Gajute J.
Published: June 2007

Phosphohexose isomerase activity has been studied in a well women's clinic with an automated method. In this series, in which freeze drying was used, the assay was not a reliable screening technique, as it was found that the method caused considerable loss of enzyme activity.
Alpha2-macroglobulin levels in disease in man
Authors: Housley James
Published: June 2007

Serum α2-macroglobulin levels were measured in normal subjects and in patients with various diseases by an immunochemical method.

The values for normal men were 284 mg./100 ml. (±89·6 mg./100 ml.) and for normal women 350 mg./100 ml. (±94·5 mg./100 ml.).

Men with rheumatoid arthritis had normal levels, but the levels in women were depressed. There was no relationship to the concentrations of the acute phase reactive proteins, haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein.

In chronic liver disease, the levels in men were significantly higher than normal and were slightly higher than normal in women.

A small group of patients with nephrotic syndrome had very high levels.

No significant variations from the normal were found in sera from a group of patients with miscellaneous diseases.
Effects of two oral iron preparations on results of the benzidine test for occult blood in stools
Authors: Cumming J. D. , Percival H. G.
Published: June 2007

Thirty healthy male volunteers were used in this double blind trial. Two kinds of iron preparation and a placebo tablet containing no iron salt were used. The subjects were given one three times a day after meals in courses of 21 tablets. Stools collected before and after administration of the tablets were subjected to a benzidine test (Thornton and Illingworth, 1955). The results showed that both iron preparations increased the number of positive results obtained by means of the benzidine test. The analyses failed to show any significant difference between the effects of the two preparations.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Chinese
Authors: Lai H. C. , Lai Michael P. Y. , Leung Kevin S. N.
Published: June 2007

In a Chinese population 1,000 full-term male neonates and a further 117 jaundiced neonates of both sexes were studied in an investigation of the frequency of deficiency of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). This enzyme was found to be deficient in 3·6% of male neonates. Correlation of the results with the birthplace of the 602 mothers who were known to come from Kwangtung province showed no significant differences in the frequency of the deficiency between certain parts of the province.

The deficiency of G6PD in hemizygous males is profound but it is not associated with erythrocyte acid monophosphoesterase deficiency in Chinese in Hong Kong. The G6PD deficiency accounts for 15·4% of all the 117 cases of neonatal jaundice. The relative importance of G6PD deficiency as a cause of neonatal jaundice does not differ materially in male and female mutants. Neonatal jaundice can occur in all genotypes of G6PD mutation in Chinese.
Absorption of antibiotics during peritoneal dialysis in patients with renal failure
Authors: Buck A. C. , Cohen Simon L.
Published: June 2007

Cloxacillin, ampicillin, cephaloridine, kanamycin, and polymyxin B were administered singly in the dialysis fluid of patients having peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure. Therapeutic blood levels could be attained with all the drugs by the end of 12 hours of dialysis, using a concentration in the dialysis fluid which did not produce any local toxic symptoms. Absorption rates across the peritoneum were higher for cephaloridine, ampicillin, and cloxacillin than for kanamycin and polymyxin B.

The serum half-lives after termination of dialysis were in excess of 11 hours, except that for cloxacillin which had a half life of about 2·5 hours.
Epidemiological aspects ofProteusinfections with particular reference to phage typing
Authors: France Diana R. , Markham N. P.
Published: June 2007

The properties and characteristics of 296Proteusstrains isolated from hospital patients and from sewage have been examined with a view to determining those characters which are of most use in following and detecting cross-infection.

Ninety-six per cent of the organisms isolated wereP. mirabilisand it was found that by identifying biotypes and by phage typing the species could be divided into a relatively large number of groups which would be useful for epidemiological investigation.
Technique for lymphocyte transformation
Authors: Pentycross C. R.
Published: June 2007

Current techniques for lymphocyte transformation are evaluated and criticised. A simple technique, designed to meet these criticisms, is described in detail, with particular reference to lymphocyte separation and scoring methods.
Further use of deoxyribonuclease in a screening test forSerratia
Authors: Elston Harry R. , Elston James H.
Published: June 2007

The deoxyribonuclease (DNase) test is useful in classifyingSerratiabacilli and in differentiating it from theHafniagroup,E. cloacae, andE. liquefaciens.It is recommended as a differential test in enteric bacteriology because of its specificity, the convenience of its use, and the rapidity with which it can be performed.
A screening test for the detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococci
Authors: Churcher Gillian M.
Published: June 2007

A simple method is described for the detection of methicillin-resistant strains ofStaphylococcus aureusby a disc-diffusion test on 5% NaCl agar. Information is given about the incidence of these strains in the Plymouth area.
Cytomegalic inclusion disease in the adult
Authors: Evans D. J. , Williams E. D.
Published: June 2007

The distribution of infected cells in 13 necropsies on adults with cytomegalovirus disease is reported and discussed in relation to the local damage caused by the infection and predisposing factors.

The distribution, with lung as the most common site, but other organs such as thyroid, liver, and colon not infrequently involved, agrees fairly well with other series. No heavy infection confined to one organ was found, and it is concluded that a truly localized infection in the adult probably does not occur.

Evidence of destructive inflammatory changes attributable to the virus was scanty; a lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltrate was sometimes found, and microglial nodules were found in a case with inclusions in the brain. In one case heavy cytomegalovirus infection in the colon was associated with, and probably caused, marked colonic ulceration which led to the death of the patient.

The major predisposing factor to infection in this series was corticosteroid therapy: eight of the 13 patients had been treated with steroids and one had Cushing's syndrome associated with a bronchial carcinoma. Three of the other four patients had a very few inclusions only. Adrenal involvement was not found in any of the steroid-treated patients but was present in two of the four patients not treated with steroids where adrenal sections were available.

It is concluded that most adult patients with cytomegalovirus infection have impaired immune mechanisms, and that heavy infection may rarely lead to a clinically serious disease.
Significance of placental pathology in transplacental haemorrhage
Authors: Devi Banti , Jennison R. F. , Langley F. A.
Published: June 2007

Placentae were examined from 120 women whose pregnancy and delivery was normal, from 264 women whose pregnancy or delivery was complicated, and from 98 women who were Rh-negative without antibodies and 35 women Rh-negative with antibodies. The presence of Kline's haemorrhages, intervillous thrombi, infarcts, and retroplacental haemorrhages was positively correlated with the presence of foetal cells in the maternal circulation. When there were no maternal antibodies transplacental haemorrhages occurred occasionally in the absence of such placental lesions but more frequently when these lesions were present. Moreover, the greater the number of lesions in a placenta the greater the size of the transplacental haemorrhage. In Rh-negative women with antibodies the observed incidence of transplacental haemorrhage was significantly less despite an appreciable increase in placental lesions.
Excretion patterns of glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins in normal human urine
Authors: Manley G. , Severn M. , Hawksworth J.
Published: June 2007

Glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins in the urine of 100 healthy, active, human subjects were examined by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and salt gradient, ion-exchange, column chromatography. The cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) turbidity and uronic acid:creatinine ratio was also studied. Fractions were identified by electrophoretic mobility, staining reactions, susceptibility to enzyme digestion, identification of amino- and neutral sugars, hexosamine, uronic acid, and sulphate assays, and optical rotation.

The CPC turbidity is relatively high in childhood, falling to lower levels in adults, but rising again to relatively high levels in old age. The uronic acid: creatinine ratio is high in children, falling to a low level in adult life, and rising only slightly in old age.

Three major electrophoretic fractions, corresponding with glycoprotein, heparan sulphates, and chondroitin sulphates, were identified in every urine sample. Hyaluronic acid was identified in some samples. A small amount of keratan sulphate was present in the `heparan sulphate' fraction.

Chondroitin sulphate excretion is high in children. Adults excrete relatively less chondroitin sulphate and more heparan sulphate. In old age, the proportion of glycoprotein increases. The excretion pattern in the first few days of life resembles that of the adult. It is stressed that extreme caution must be exercised in interpreting the urinary glycosaminoglycan pattern of a child.
Rapid and sensitive precipitin test for the diagnosis of farmer's lung using immunoosmophoresis
Authors: Jameson J. E.
Published: June 2007

An agar gel precipitin test, using osmophoresis, has been devised for use with weakly reacting sera. The test was applied to various categories of sera, including sera from cases of farmer's lung which had reacted with a conventional immuno-diffusion test, and others which had not.

All the conventionally sero-positive sera reacted positively in the new test as did nine of 16 cases in the sero-negative group. Concentration of sera in the latter group resulted in 11 positive tests out of a possible 12. Evidence was obtained of qualitative differences in the sera of these two groups.

Unexpected reactivity with sera from cases of farmer's lung was found in a dialysate from a broth culture ofT. polyspora.No reactions with this dialysate were obtained with the sera of any patients who did not have symptoms of farmer's lung.
Tetrazolium medium as an aid in the routine diagnosis of Candida
Authors: Denny Maire J. , Partridge Betty M.
Published: June 2007

The tetrazolium medium described is easily prepared and serves as a rapid, relatively accurate and simple means of differentiatingCandidaspecies, particularlyC. albicans, from other yeasts. Culture on this medium does not replace other techniques used for yeast identification. No one test alone will suffice and final identification must rest on an overall pattern of characteristics. In the screening of 1,822 yeast isolates in this laboratory, culture on this medium has proved a valuable adjunct to other recognized techniques, and is now in regular use.
Infant diarrhoea due toEscherichia coli091 K? H7
Authors: Hughes M. H. , Greaves J. L. , Bettelheim K. A.
Published: June 2007

A small outbreak of infective diarrhoea occurred among babies in hospital at Winchester, England. The causal agent was found to be a strain ofEscherichia coli091 K? H7 which was resistant to several antibiotics. Epidemic diarrhoea due toE. coli091 has previously been reported from south Germany.
Filarial complement-fixation test for pulmonary tropical eosinophilia withAscarisantigen
Authors: Robinson G. L. , Christian Moyna
Published: June 2007

A trial of antigen prepared fromAscaris lumbricoidesin the complement-fixation test for pulmonary tropical eosinophilia and for filariasis is described. No significant difference was observed between this antigen and that prepared fromDirofilaria immitis.
Storage iron depletion in male blood donors: its significance for iron status in women
Authors: Fielding J. , Karabus C. , Brunström Gillian M.
Published: June 2007

Among 24 male blood donors without anaemia who had been giving a mean of 2·2 donations per year involving a mean blood loss of about 900 ml a year, 10 (41%) were found to be depleted of storage iron. This is somewhat higher but similar to the previously recorded findings in healthy women without anaemia.

The results may well support a policy of limiting blood donation to twice a year in men and to once a year in women. Both men and women blood donors require medicinal iron after each donation.

It is considered that storage iron depletion in non-anaemic women is not in the main related to pathological levels of menstrual loss but rather to inadequate dietary iron. Food iron in present-day diets should be supplemented.
Haemostatic mechanism in uraemia
Authors: Hutton R. A. , O'Shea M. J.
Published: June 2007

The haemostatic mechanism was investigated in 20 patients with renal failure, of whom nine had evidence of a bleeding tendency. A defect of platelet function was the most common finding. The effect of dialysis on the bleeding state is briefly discussed, and a scheme for the routine investigation of haemostasis in renal failure is put forward.
Detection of bacteriuria in women attending local authority antenatal clinics using the dip-inoculum transport medium spoon method
Authors: Goodwin C. S. , Stewart Audrey E.
Published: June 2007

Four hundred and seventy-eight pregnant women attending local authority clinics in Portsmouth were screened for bacteriuria using the dip-inoculum transport medium (DITM) spoon method. The detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria in 5% of the patients with a very low proportion of equivocal results (0·83%) suggests that this is an efficient method; and large numbers of urine specimens could be sampled with relatively little work for the laboratory. A cystine-MacConkey medium was devised for incorporation in the spoons. General practitioners treated the women with bacteriuria, and remained responsible for home delivery and postpartum examinations. The possibility of successful cooperation between non-hospital clinics, a bacteriological laboratory, and general practitioners is demonstrated.
Spongy degeneration of the white matter of the central nervous system associated with hyperglycinuria
Authors: Rushton D. I.
Published: June 2007

Five infants from two families with the clinical features of hyperglycinaemia and hyperglycinuria are described. In four of these cases spongy degeneration of the central nervous system is associated with lipid-filled glial cells and retarded myelination. The origin of these changes is discussed and the relationship of the lesions to the metabolic defect is reviewed. The importance of such cases in the understanding of the normal metabolism of the nervous system is stressed.
Lymph node enlargement after a single massive infusion of iron dextran
Authors: Theodoropoulos G. , Makkous A. , Constantoulakis M.
Published: June 2007

Painful lymphadenopathy developed in eight female patients after massive infusions of iron dextran for sideropaenic anaemia. Fever, arthralgias, and malaise were also features of the clinical picture. The histology of one lymph node is described and changes in it are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of the syndrome reported.
Ultrastructural study of the liver in hepatic porphyria
Authors: Jean G. , Lambertenghi G. , Ranzi T.
Published: June 2007

In intermittent acute porphyria there are no specific alterations in the ultrastructure of the liver. In contrast, the constant characteristic of porphyria cutanea tarda is siderosis of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. Therefore, between the two types of hepatic porphyria there are no similar ultrastructural lesions. It is still doubtful whether the presence of hepatosiderosis in porphyria cutanea tarda is connected with the hepatopathy or is secondary to an alteration in the porphyrinic metabolism. The role played by lysosomes is discussed.
Complete suppression of haemoglobin A synthesis in haemoglobin D Los Angeles—beta thalassaemia
Authors: Marengo-Rowe A. J. , McCracken A. W. , Flanagan P.
Published: June 2007

A family study is reported in which all three siblings were shown to be doubly heterozygous for haemoglobin D Los Angeles and beta thalassaemia, which resulted in a complete suppression of haemoglobin A synthesis. This demonstrates the effects of genetic interaction which occur when the genes for haemoglobin D Los Angeles and beta thalassaemia are both transmitted to the offspring. The importance of family studies in the investigation of haemoglobin abnormalities is stressed.
Intravenous iron-dextran: studies on unsaturated iron-binding capacity
Authors: Cox J. S. G. , Moss G. F. , Bremner I. , Reason Janet
Published: June 2007

A method is described for measuring the plasma unsaturated iron-binding capacity in the presence of very high concentrations of iron as iron-dextran. The procedure utilizes59Fe to label the apotransferrin with subsequent separation of ionic iron from transferrin-bound iron on an ion exchange or Sephadex G.25 column.

The unsaturated iron-binding capacity has been measured in rabbits and dogs after intravenous injection of iron-dextran and in human subjects after total dose infusion of iron-dextran. No evidence of saturation of the unsaturated iron-binding capacity was found even when the plasma iron values were greater than 40,000 μg Fe/100 ml.
Role of lipoproteins in the formation of spur cell anaemia
Authors: Martinez-Maldonado Manuel
Published: June 2007

The case of a patient with cirrhosis of the liver suffering from severe haemolysis accompanied by circulating `spur cells' is described. Studies performed in an attempt to determine the cause for the abnormal shape of the erythrocytes demonstrated that the patient's serum could induce spur formation in normal compatible cells. Several lines of evidence pointed to the possibility that the factor inducing the spurs was a protein. By column chromatography and gradient ultracentrifugation it was shown that the patient's low density lipoproteins could induce spurs to form in normal cells.
A sex difference in the leucocyte count
Authors: Allan R. N. , Alexander M. K.
Published: June 2007

In a study of a group of 325 blood donors between the ages of 18 and 65 years, the total leucocyte and polymorph counts of the females aged 50 to 65 years were found to be significantly lower than those of the corresponding group of male donors. In the whole series of female donors, there were significantly lower total leucocyte and lymphocyte counts with increasing age and a less significant (P [unk] 0·1) fall in the polymorph count. No age variation in the male counts was found.

Analysis of large numbers of leucocyte counts performed on hospital patients has confirmed the sex difference in the total leucocyte count found in the blood donors.

The factors responsible for the differences are discussed.
Advantage of a routine Reiter protein complement-fixation test in the serodiagnosis of syphilis in pregnancy
Authors: Morris C. A.
Published: June 2007

One hundred and twenty-seven (0·3%) reactive serological tests for syphilis were obtained by routine examination of sera from 35,912 antenatal patients.

Forty-eight (38%) of these reactive sera were associated with reactive fluorescent treponemal antibody andTreponema pallidumimmobilization results and these patients were therefore considered to show serological evidence of treponemal infection. Sera from 13 of these 48 patients (27%) gave reactive Reiter protein complement-fixation tests in the absence of detected `reagin' antibody. Seventy-nine patients showed non-specific biological false positive reactions to the routine tests.

Following clinical assessment of these serologically reactive patients, approximately one in 100 immigrant and one in 2,500 non-immigrant pregnant women examined in this series were treated with penicillin; this represented just over half the number of patients with serological evidence of a treponemal infection, a ratio which was similar for immigrant and native born women. Yaws was the likely treponemal infection in the majority of infected immigrants. The significance of the serological results and the advantages of the Reiter protein complement-fixation test are discussed.
A stable starch preparation for amylase determinations
Authors: Fraser G. P. , Fenton J. C. B.
Published: June 2007

Starch readily dissolves in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) to give a clear, colourless solution which is stable and forms a convenient stock starch solution for amylase determinations. Dimethylsulphoxide has no inhibitory effect on serum amylase over a wide range of concentrations.
Assessment of thyroid status in pregnant women and in patients taking oral contraceptives by a free thyroxine index
Authors: Gimlette T. M. D. , Piffanelli A.
Published: June 2007

The results of using a product of serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine binding coefficient, estimated by simple methods, to give a `free thyroxine index' in normal women, in pregnant women, and in patients taking oral contraceptives is described. The method is believed to provide a reliable means of assessing thyroid status, and very close agreement, with no significant difference between the mean values obtained for the free thyroxine index, was found in the groups studied. Certain changes, which may be significant, in the values obtained in patients on oral contraceptive treatment of varying duration were noted.
Serum globulins and infection in mongolism
Authors: Griffiths A. W. , Sylvester P. E. , Baylis E. Mary
Published: June 2007

Comparisons are made between a large group of mongols cared for in institutions and their carefully matched controls in respect of (a) serum levels of immuno-γ-globulin (γA, γG, and γM) and (b) the incidence of pyrexial illnesses over a retrospective five-year period. Male mongols are found to have higher levels of γA-globulin than their male controls and a higher incidence of pyrexial illnesses. Otherwise no significant differences were found. The findings are discussed in the light of previous studies.
Comparative study of immunological tests for pregnancy diagnosis
Authors: Bell Joyce L.
Published: June 2007

The reliability of five commercially produced immunological pregnancy diagnosis methods has been investigated. The tests used were Pregnosticon (a tube test) and four slide tests, Hyland, Pregslide, Gravindex, and Planotest. In the series described, Planotest gave 0·5% false positives, Gravindex had 2·1%, Pregnosticon 2·6%, and Pregslide 4·7%, Hyland A (sensitivity 4,500 iu/l.) gave 3·6% and Hyland B (sensitivity 2 to 3,000 iu/l.) had 8·7% false positives. Pregnosticon had 0·5% false negatives, Planotest 2·0%, Gravindex 3·5%, Hyland B 6·5%, Pregslide 9%, and Hyland A 19·5% false negatives.

Planotest and Pregnosticon were found to be less influenced by protein and blood in the urine than the other pregnancy tests investigated.
Observations on some effects of L-triiodothyronine on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in man
Authors: Stamp T. C. B. , Doar J. W. H. , Wynn V.
Published: June 2007

Fasting serum lipid levels and changes in plasma glucose, fatty acid non-esterified (Nefa), and blood pyruvate levels during intravenous glucose tolerance tests were measured in 13 normal subjects before and one, five, and 15 days after the administration of 1-triiodothyronine (T3) calculated as 6 μg/kg body weight.

Significant increases in the mean basal metabolic rate and the mean fasting plasma Nefa level occurred within 10 to 17 hours of a single dose of T3, while a rise in the mean fasting plasma glucose concentration just failed to achieve significance. Fasting concentrations of blood pyruvate and serum triglyceride were unaffected. A significant fall in serum cholesterol levels was produced and lasted at least five days. All other indices returned to normal by five days.

During intravenous glucose tolerance tests performed at intervals after T3 administration no change in plasma glucose levels from control values was seen. Mean plasma Nefa and blood pyruvate levels, however, were significantly raised above control values during the early stages of the test 10 to 17 hours after T3. The relationship between these findings and those observed in clinical thyrotoxicosis is discussed.
Hodgkin's disease: histological classification and diagnosis
Authors: Cross R. M.
Published: June 2007

A review of the previous histological classifications of Hodgkin's disease seems to show that they are insufficiently accurate in regard to prognosis and difficult to apply but a detailed study of a large number of cases suggests that certain criteria allow of subdivision of the disease into types. These criteria are the proportion of mature lymphocytes, the presence of plentiful mature histiocytes, the presence of fibrous nodularity, and the numbers of abnormal reticulum cells and their degree of anaplasia.

Three primary histological subdivisions seem to arise from a study of 302 patients, namely, the reticular, histiocytic, and nodular sclerosis groups. These are further divided into well differentiated and poorly differentiated on the basis of their lymphocyte content and the degree of anaplasia of the abnormal reticulum cells.

The histological appearances of each type are described. The application of this histological classification has been shown to correlate well with the clinical outcome.
Punch card data processing in haematology
Authors: Nelson M. G.
Published: June 2007

A method of processing haematological laboratory data based on the IBM 870 system is described. As the cards are being punched with the identification particulars of the patient and source of the sample, a worksheet is automatically generated on which the tests are indicated. The results of the laboratory tests are recorded by the technician on the worksheet and reproduced on the punch cards which are subsequently used for the automatic printout of the results on self-adhesive preprinted labels. The resulting report is clear and legible and is transferred onto the request/report document.

The data processing is carried out by clerk/typists who have been trained as punch card operators. The present workload of approximately 2,000 items of information obtained from some 170 samples per day is handled by one punch card operator in less than three hours. The punch cards are manipulated in a sorter for quality control purposes and are stored for subsequent retrieval of information.
Skin carriage of the Micrococcaceae
Authors: Noble W. C.
Published: June 2007

The micrococcal flora of the skin of 382 children and 378 adults have been investigated using a scheme derived from the work of Baird-Parker (1963). The predominant groups are Staphylococcus type 2 and Micrococcus type 2. Some differences in the carriage at different sites have been found: in general the nose, axillae, groin, and toe webs have a similar flora but this differs a little from other, glabrous skin sites.
Effect of gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica) venom on blood coagulation, platelets, and the fibrinolytic enzyme system
Authors: Forbes C. D. , Turpie A. G. G. , Ferguson J. C. , McNicol G. P. , Douglas A. S.
Published: June 2007

The action of the venom of the gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica) on blood coagulation, platelets, and the fibrinolytic enzyme system was studied. The results confirm that the venom ofBitis gabonicahas a marked anticoagulant actionin vitro.The venom appears to impair clot formation by a direct proteolytic action on fibrinogen, releasing soluble breakdown products.
The problem of `chronic mastitis' with epitheliosis
Authors: Macgillivray J. B.
Published: June 2007

The incidence of breast cancer complicating chronic mastitis with epitheliosis has been reported to be as high as 45% and as low as 6%. At least part of this discrepancy appears to be due to difficulty in distinguishing between benign and malignant intraduct epithelial proliferation.

A small series is presented here in which the incidence of invasive cancer after local excision of breast tissue showing chronic mastitis with epitheliosis was nil.

It is concluded that it is necessary to follow up larger series of cases longer before it can be said that severe epitheliosis and borderline lesions should in all cases be treated by anything more radical than local excision.
Gliomatosis peritonei caused by ovarian teratoma
Authors: Fortt R. W. , Mathie I. K.
Published: June 2007

A case of ovarian teratoma which produced glial peritoneal deposits is described. Twelve other cases in the literature are tabulated. The age at presentation ranges from 22 months to 22 years (mean age 14·6 years). The primary tumour may be solid or cystic. The prognosis does not appear to be improved by radical surgery as opposed to simple excision but depends mainly on the maturity of the tissues of the primary tumour and the peritoneal deposits. Although the period of follow up is generally short, a survival time up to 26 years is recorded. In the fatal cases, there is rapid recurrence and metastatic spread. The pathogenesis of the glial deposits is discussed.
Adult Fanconi syndrome and multiple myelomatosis
Authors: Horn Margaret E. , Knapp M. S. , Page F. T. , Walker W. H. C.
Published: June 2007

A case is described of a 59-year-old woman presenting with multiple renal tubular defects. The aminoaciduria was of a generalized type. When investigated initially the only feature of myelomatosis was urinary Bence-Jones protein. Two years later radiologically classical multiple myelomatosis developed and rapidly progressed to the patient's death nine months later.
C-Reactive protein in malaria
Authors: Haghighi Lotfali
Published: June 2007

C-Reactive protein has not been studied in malaria so far but with the reappearance of malaria in the southern part of Iran there is now an opportunity to study the behaviour of C-reactive protein in malaria. One hundred and sixty-two patients suffering from malaria have been so tested. Of those patients, 85·2% showed a positive result and among them more than 50% had a strongly positive reaction. It may be concluded that malaria is one of the outstanding diseases in which the C-reactive protein test is positive. Those patients who were examined for C-reactive protein in the first two days of the disease showed a negative result.
New method for the estimation of platelet ascorbic acid
Authors: Lloyd J. V. , Davis P. S. , Lander Harry
Published: June 2007

Present techniques for the estimation of platelet ascorbic acid allow interference by other substances in the sample. A new and more specific method of analysis is presented. The proposed method owes its increased specificity to resolution of the extract by thin-layer chromatography. By this means ascorbic acid is separated from other reducing substances present. The separated ascorbic acid is eluted from the thin layer and estimated by a new and very sensitive procedure: ascorbic acid is made to react with ferric chloride and the ferrous ions so formed are estimated spectrophotometrically by the coloured derivative which they form with tripyridyl-Striazine. Results obtained with normal blood platelets were consistently lower than simultaneous determinations by the dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method.
Influence of oral contraceptives on the presence and persistence ofCandida albicansand β-haemolytic streptococci in the vagina
Authors: Morris C. A.
Published: June 2007

Samples of vaginal secretions of `normal' women were examined over a period of up to two years.

Patients with asymptomatic candidiasis on one occasion were more likely to haveCandida albicansagain when sampled a year later than were women with no yeasts on the first occasion. This principle applied also to β-haemolytic streptococci of Lancefield's groups B and D.

There was no significant difference in the incidence ofC. albicansin the first and the final samples collected. The persistence and new infection rates were not significantly higher in patients taking combined oral contraceptives than in other women although the highest incidence occurred in those taking a lynoestrenol/mestranol preparation.

There was a significant association ofC. albicanswith β-haemolytic streptococci groups B and D.

The implication of these findings is discussed.
Relationship of platelet retention in glass bead columns to the rate of aggregation with adenosine diphosphate and thrombin
Authors: Bloom A. L. , Evans E. P.
Published: June 2007

The initial rate of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate and thrombin correlated with the number of platelets retained when samples of citrated blood from the same normal donors were passed through glass bead columns. The results support the view that the glass bead column method of measuring platelet `adhesiveness' is influenced by platelet aggregation.
Fine structural appearances of glomerular capillaries in a case of malignant hypertension
Authors: Macadam R. F.
Published: June 2007

The fine structural features of the glomerular capillary wall in a human case of malignant hypertension are described. The capillaries in glomeruli unaffected by ischaemic necrosis show a constant abnormality consisting of an accumulation of heterogeneous material between the endothelium and basement membrane. This produces very considerable narrowing of the capillary lumen, an appearance which has been described only once before (Robson, Martin, Ruckley, and MacDonald, 1968) in four cases of postpartum renal failure.
Gram-negative septicaemia during haemorrhage from an anastomotic ulcer
Authors: Ward J. D.
Published: June 2007

Gram-negative septicaemia (Klebsiella) occurred on two occasions in a patient bleeding from an anastomotic ulcer. It is postulated that the presence of this organism in the gut of such a patient provided the portal of entry for this infection.
Incidence of toxoplasmosis in women at a London hospital
Authors: Ruoss C. F. , Bourne G. L.
Published: June 2007

Toxoplasmosis is an infection, congenital or acquired, caused byToxoplasma gondii.A pilot study using toxoplasmin skin antigen was undertaken to establish the incidence of the infection in the London area as a preliminary to a larger study of the effects of the infection upon pregnancy, the foetus, and the newborn infant.
Reaction pattern to three stresses—electroplexy, surgery, and myocardial infarction—of fibrinolysis and plasma fibrinogen
Authors: Chakrabarti R. , Hocking E. D. , Fearnley G. R.
Published: June 2007

The effects of three types of stress—electroplexy, surgery, and myocardial infarction—on blood fibrinolytic activity and plasma fibrinogen levels were studied in 10, eight, and six patients respectively. The fibrinolytic response to electroplexy consisted of an initial short increase followed in half the patients by reduced fibrinolytic activity lasting two to four days. After surgery and myocardial infarction normal fibrinolytic activity was followed by a period of reduced activity; the timing of the measurements on these patients may have precluded recognition of an initial increase in fibrinolysis similar to that following electroplexy. The fibrinolytic `shutdown' which lasted for about 10 days in the coronary patients was evidently due to reduction of plasminogen activator, as judged by prolongation of the euglobulin lysis times as well as of the blood clot lysis times. Plasma fibrinogen levels rose in the surgical and coronary patients but not in the patients given electroplexy which indicates that fibrinolytic activity changes independently of plasma fibrinogen level. The results suggest that the fibrinolytic system exhibits a common reaction pattern to stress, irrespective of its nature and of tissue damage. They call for caution in assuming a specific causal association in acute diseases such as pancreatitis and haematemesis where similar fibrinolytic changes may be encountered.
Effect of drugs on vitamin B12levels obtained using theLactobacillus leichmaniimethod
Authors: Powell D. E. B. , Thomas J. H. , Mandal A. R. , Dignam C. T.
Published: June 2007

In 750 consecutive assays of serum vitamin B12levels usingLactobacillus leichmanii, 25 (3·3%) showed inhibition. A satisfactory history of drug therapy was obtained in 23 cases. Seventeen of these were receiving ampicillin at the time. Two patients showed inhibition while receiving phenoxmethyl penicillin or phenethicillin. A prospective study of 11 patients detected inhibition in seven at varying intervals during ampicillin therapy. It was shown that the vitamin B12as measured by the radioisotope andEuglena gracilismethods was not affected. Inhibition ofL. leichmaniiwas reproducedin vitrowith concentrations of ampicillin corresponding to those obtained in therapy. Benzylpenicillin, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol had no such effect.

A prospective study of patients receiving chlorpromazine yielded negative results.

Inhibition may occasionally be seen in the absence of any known intake of drugs. Measurement by other methods may be required to distinguish this from vitamin B12depletion.
Plasma iron values in National Blood Transfusion Service donors
Authors: French E. A. , Sitlani Pushpa K.
Published: June 2007

Haemoglobin, haematocrit, and plasma iron values were estimated on blood samples collected from 100 male and 113 female National Blood Transfusion Service blood donors, and from 83 male and 66 female age-matched control subjects. No significant differences in any of these values were found to exist between the donors and controls, and it is considered that the serum or plasma iron level is unsuitable for use as a screening test of early iron deficiency in donors.
Use of activated charcoal in the radioimmunoassay of human growth hormone in plasma
Authors: Jacobs H. S.
Published: June 2007

The use of activated charcoal in the radioimmunoassay of human growth hormone is described. The method permits the rapid separation of bound from free labelled human growth hormone in large batches and affords a quick method for screening iodination eluates. The necessity for an equality of protein concentration for the incubation and the separation procedure is emphasized. The method is simple, reliable and rapid, and the sensitivity obtained compares favourably with that of other methods of separation.
Use of soluble swabs in the diagnosis of bladder neoplasia
Authors: Trott P. A. , Williams Grant , Attridge P. W.
Published: June 2007

A technique is described for obtaining samples of bladder epithelium using soluble swabs. Changes indicating neoplasia were seen in a large proportion of patients with bladder carcinoma. These changes were absent in the non-neoplastic control cases. The method provided tissue similar to that obtained by biopsy and surgical removal. The cellular appearances resembled those seen in neoplastic cells exfoliated into urine.
The investigation of myelomatosis by gel isoelectric focusing followed by electrophoresis
Authors: Dale G. , Latner A. L. , Muckle T. J.
Published: June 2007

The relatively simple technique of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel followed by electrophoresis has been applied to the examination of sera and urines from patients both proved and thought to be suffering from myelomatosis. The results obtained from this method correlate well with those obtained by immunoelectrophoresis.

Polyclonal gammopathies can be distinguished from the monoclonal variety and γG and γA myeloma proteins may be readily differentiated from each other. Ig light chain proteins can be demonstrated in both serum and urine.
An assessment of the Coulter counter model S
Authors: Pinkerton P. H. , Spence I. , Ogilvie J. C. , Ronald W. A. , Marchant Patricia , Ray P. K.
Published: June 2007

An assessment of the Coulter model S automatic blood counter has been carried out. The standard deviations for the haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, red cell count, and white cell count are, respectively, ± 0·15 g/100 ml, ± 0·45%, ± 0·04 m/c mm, and ± 0·47 thous/c mm. These results are clearly more accurate than careful manual estimates, performed for comparison on the same samples. Details of the comparisons are presented. A comparison is also made with routine daily estimations.

`Carryover' from one sample to the next was found to be about 2%, and tests in the ranges likely to be found in practice showed good linearity for the haemoglobin estimation, haematocrit, red cell count, and white cell count. A brief account of instrument failures is given.

The performance of the Coulter model S compares well with that of other automated equipment for which detailed evaluations are available.
Pathological changes in virus infections of the lower respiratory tract in children
Authors: Aherne W. , Bird T. , Court S. D. M. , Gardner P. S. , McQuillin Joyce
Published: June 2007

The pathological changes are described in 22 children with proven or suspected virus infection of the lower respiratory tract. Two main patterns of disease were found: acute bronchiolitis and interstitial pneumonia. Particular viruses were not specifically associated with particular histological changes. The prime importance of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as a cause of disease and death in young infants is again shown. Structural lesions and clinical dysfunction correlate fairly well; in acute bronchiolitis the main lesion is epithelial necrosis when a dense plug is formed in the bronchiolar lumen leading to trapping air and other mechanical interference with ventilation: in interstitial pneumonia there is widespread inflammation and necrosis of lung parenchyma, and severe lesions of the bronchial and bronchiolar mucosa as well. The implications of these structural changes for clinical management are discussed. The possibility of a hypersensitivity reaction in the cot death syndrome is raised, mediated by a serum antibody-antigen-complement reaction.
Identification of mineral particles in pneumoconiotic lungs
Authors: Henderson W. J. , Gough J. , Harse J.
Published: June 2007

An extraction replication technique has been used for the study, by electron microscopy, of lung tissue from a number of different cases of pneumoconiosis.

The technique provides a relatively simple means of studying the surface area of replicated tissues, and any foreign particles present which are either replicated or extracted from the tissue can be identified. A set of standard micrographs of different types of mineral particles likely to be encountered should be kept for reference. Most of the particles identified by this technique were beyond the limits of resolution of optical microscopy. Furthermore, the procedure involves the minimum of chemical and physical treatment.

The histochemical diagnosis and industrial history was confirmed in the first two cases described, by the electron microscopy investigations. The third case presented an uncertain histological and industrial history, but an electron microscopy study confirmed the presence of the mineral particle considered responsible for the clinical condition. The fourth and fifth cases described illustrate the use of this technique in identifying a particular type of pleomorphic mineral, and illustrating its positionin situin relation to surrounding tissue.
Immunoglobulins in Jamaicans and Nigerians with immunogenetic typing of myeloma and lymphoma in Jamaicans
Authors: McFarlane H. , Talerman A. , Steinberg A. G.
Published: June 2007

Serum IgG concentration was lower in Jamaicans than in Nigerians. The maternalfoetal IgG ratio was also lower in Jamaican sera than in Nigerian sera. It is suggested that endemic malaria in Nigeria may be responsible for these differences. The higher IgM concentration in the Nigerian cord sera may be further evidence of this. Eighteen new cases of myeloma were detected in Jamaicans between August 1966 and May 1967. Based on Gm typing, only two of these showed evidence of mixed white ancestry. All the others had the typical Gm groups of Negroes. Similarly, only two patients out of a total of 17 with malignant lymphoma showed evidence of mixed white ancestry. Twelve of the patients with myeloma showed serum proteins of the IgG type, five were IgA, and one had only light chains in the serum. The majority of the patients had myeloma protein of the kappa type. The Gm typing suggested that six patients had myeloma protein of the γ1 heavy chain subclass, and one patient had a γ3 subclass heavy chain, the remainder belonging most likely to the γ2 heavy chain subclass since γ2 occurs about four times as frequently as γ4.
Reduction in blood platelet size with increase in circulating numbers in the postoperative period and a comparison of the glass bead and rotating bulb methods for detecting changes in function
Authors: Enticknap J. B. , Lansley T. S. , Davis Thelma
Published: June 2007

The changes in blood platelet numbers, size, adhesiveness, and response to adenosine diphosphate have been followed for about a month after major operations performed on 19 patients.

The well established increase in numbers was confirmed and reached a maximum of rather less than double the normal numbers in the third week. It was accompanied by a reduction of platelet size from 8·3μ3to 7·2μ3, and by an increased responsiveness shown in all the tests employed. These abnormalities were preceded by an initial change in the reverse direction from that obtaining at the peak of the response.

In this series the bead method proved superior, as a means of delineating the postoperative platelet response, to the rotating bulb method in tests of timing, proportional changes, and of discrimination.
Estimation of platelet adhesiveness on whole blood and platelet-rich plasma
Authors: Shaw Sidney , Pegrum Geoffrey D. , Wolff Sylvia
Published: June 2007

Platelet adhesive tests were carried out in parallel on whole blood and platelet-rich plasma. A column of glass microspherules was used and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was added to the platelet-rich plasma before passage through the column.

Preliminary observations were made to show the effect of the containers and the anticoagulant used. The influence on platelets when stored at 4°C and standing or mixing at room temperature was also assessed. The apparatus used to measure adhesiveness was designed to produce a constant rate of flow through a standard column of glass microspherules.

Using both methods, adhesiveness was studied on 70 healthy blood donors. The result showed a significant correlation between the level of adhesiveness found with each technique.
Clinical evaluation of the urinary sediment after renal allotransplantation
Authors: Papadimitriou M. , Chisholm G. D. , Kulatilake A. E. , Shackman R.
Published: June 2007

The detection of lymphoid cells by routine examination of the urine after renal allotransplantation has proved to be a useful early indication of rejection. In a study of 36 rejection episodes, 20 (56%) were associated with a significant number of lymphocytes in the urine. The incidence was much higher when rejection occurred during the first month after operation (76%); lymphocytes were rarely found when rejection occurred after three months. The appearance of lymphocytes in the urine was of particular value for detecting rejection in patients with prolonged oliguria after transplantation.
Mucopolysaccharide in the blood of a patient with neuroblastoma
Authors: Broughton P. M. G. , Dykes J. R. W. , Holt Shirley , Ridley J. W. , Steel A. E.
Published: June 2007

In a case of neuroblastoma the presence of an abnormal blood constituent was suspected from the raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, sludging of the red cells, marked rouleaux formation, an atypical Leishman stain, increased plasma viscosity, and a distorted protein electrophoresis pattern. The abnormal constituent was shown to be a mucopolysaccharide which was either hyaluronic acid or chondroitin sulphate.