bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of a Dignified Death Among Elderly Veterans Using Homecare in South Korea
Authors: Park Sun A. , Lim Ji Young , Yoon Young Mi
Published: December 2018

This study was conducted to investigate perceptions of a dignified death among elderly veterans using homecare in South Korea. This study was a descriptive survey. The subjects were 161 elderly veterans using the homecare service of a national veterans’ hospital for 1 year or more. Participants’ demographic, illness, and care characteristics and perceptions of a dignified death were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Participants’ mean dignified death perception level was 3.18 on a 4-point Likert-type scale. Participants who received medical services free of charge had higher perceptions of a dignified death than those who had to pay. Having at least a college education, having above-average economic status, and being cared for by spouses or professionals were associated with higher perceptions of a dignified death. Participants’ perception of a dignified death differed by socioeconomic factors rather than disease characteristics. Therefore, to improve perceptions of a dignified death among elderly veterans using homecare services, it might be necessary for the state to assume greater responsibility for their medical expenses, to build better community-based end-of-life care systems, and to promote health and welfare policies for dignified death–oriented social infrastructure.
Lathe tool chatter vibration diagnostic using general regression neural network based on Chua’s circuit and fractional-order Lorenz master/slave chaotic system
Authors: Tian An-Hong , Fu Cheng-Biao , Su Xiao-Yi , Yau Her-Terng
Published: December 2018

As product quality and production capacity requirements for precision processing become higher, making machine tools smart and improving performance is becoming the trend. In terms of machine tool processing quality, tool wear and chatter vibration are the factors that most directly affect processing quality. Traditionally, operators rely on their experience in determining whether the tool is worn or if there is chatter vibration. However, experience is not quantified data. Experience does not have a uniform judgment standard and can easily lead to wrong judgment. In recent years, many scholars have conducted in-depth studies of the two aforementioned phenomenons. These studies mainly use time and frequency domains to search for phenomenon features as the determination basis. Of time and frequency domain, studies on frequency domain are the most common. However, the frequency domain method requires a large amount of calculation, and the analysis process requires an excessive quantity of data dimensions, making this method unsuitable for real-time analysis. Thus, we propose a general regression neural network analysis method based on Chua’s circuit and a fractional-order Lorenz master/slave composite chaotic system for detecting lathe tool turning chatter vibration in this study. We compared the dynamic error features produced by various fractional-order chaotic systems and chose fractional orders with more obvious feature changes. We then substituted general regression neural network categorization. Compared to the frequency domain analysis method, the method proposed in this study requires fewer data dimensions, fewer calculations, and higher efficiency. Our proposed method also has higher precision and a higher discrimination rate. The result of this study shows that our proposed method has a 100% discrimination rate for determining turning chatter vibration.
The effects of scale: How Western agency-anxieties mold affect theory, and how Pentecostalism and neuroscience teach us to think differently
Authors: Brahinsky Josh
Published: December 2018

This paper offers a critique of affect theory using the analytical concept of scale that is made concrete through an ethnography of Pentecostal Christianity and an exploration of current neuroscientific thinking. Affect theory is one recent form of a Western philosophical concern about the loss of agency in modernity, what I call “agency-anxiety.” Affect theorists tend to privilege the sense of freedom gained by immediate and individual experience over the constraints of more extended experiences and collectivity. That is, affect theory often scales its analysis tightly. This paper responds with an ethnography of Pentecostal practice and exploration of work in neuroscience that describes an analytic space in which broader scales can be useful as well. Ethnography scaled beyond the instant reveals that the Pentecostal ideal of surrendering to God in a moment of abandonment often results from a “fake it until you make it” approach; in other words, from extended, effortful, willful practice. This practice leads to the formation of habits and dispositions that allow the attainment of spontaneous rupture. Likewise, neuroscience can scale out its analysis by focusing on dispositions, moods and habits, rather than simply a more immediate view. Further, “scale effects” and emergent properties in scale-to-scale relations undermine reductionism. Finally, because Pentecostals are generally right wing yet also exemplify ruptural practice, it seems that outside of a particular conjuncture, the tightly scaled eruptive moment of affect is by no means per se a productive or (politically) progressive formation. As such, making scale an explicit analytical category might help us to see agency, change, and structure more clearly.
Motivations for and outcomes of participating in research online communities
Authors: Bang Juyoung , Youn Seounmi , Rowean James , Jennings Michael , Austin Manila
Published: December 2018

This study examined consumers’ motivations for participating in market research online communities (MROCs) and an integrative role of community identification in explaining its motivational antecedents and consequences. Online survey data ( n = 1,461) were collected from various company-sponsored MROCs, which were run by a leading online community service provider in the United States. The findings showed that several motivations underlying MROC participation had an influence on members’ sense of identification with MROCs. Furthermore, members’ identification with MROCs was found to contribute to enhancing their feeling heard by the sponsoring company, which in turn affected their intention to continually participate in communities and trust in the sponsoring company’s brand. Theoretical and managerial implications were discussed in relation to the value that listening to consumers has for market research.
The “shape” of interaction networks on Twitter
Authors: Findlay Kyle
Published: December 2018

This article is concerned with qualitative descriptions of the morphological structure of Twitter interaction network topologies. It summarizes learnings gleaned from mapping numerous brand, category, and campaign interaction networks on Twitter. The article characterizes the different network “shapes,” or typologies, that emerge from discussions about brands, campaigns, and categories and places these shapes on a continuum from highly centralized to highly decentralized. The article discusses how brands might strategically and tactically use these insights to maximize their communications and brand building. This article is a substantially altered version of an article that was originally presented at the ESOMAR Congress conference in Dublin, Ireland, in September 2015.
Correlation between sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 with aortic arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective, cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Hsin-Yu , Wu Du-An , Chen Ming-Chun , Hsu Bang-Gee
Published: December 2018

Background:

Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 are extracellular inhibitors of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, which is implicated in the development of arterial stiffness. However, the correlation between aortic stiffness and sclerostin or Dickkopf-1 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is unknown.

Methods:

Fasting blood samples were collected from 125 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aortic stiffness was measured by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity, and high aortic stiffness was defined by a carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity of >10 m/s. The serum sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 concentrations were determined using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results:

In total, 46 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (36.8%) had high levels of aortic stiffness. Compared to the control group without aortic stiffness, this group was significantly older, had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, had higher blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and serum sclerostin levels, and had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and estimated glomerular filtration rates. After adjusting for confounders, serum sclerostin [odds ratio = 1.005 (1.002–1.007), p = 0.002] levels remained an independent predictor of aortic stiffness. Multivariate analysis showed that the serum sclerostin level ( β = 0.374, adjusted R2 change = 0.221, p < 0.001) was positively associated with carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity.

Conclusion:

Serum levels of sclerostin, but not Dickkopf-1, are positively correlated with carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity and independently predict aortic stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Intravascular Ultrasound–Assisted Endovascular Treatment of Mesenteric Malperfusion in a Multichannel Aortic Dissection With Full True Lumen Collapse
Authors: Guo Baolei , Guo Daqiao , Shi Zhenyu , Dong Zhihui , Fu Weiguo
Published: December 2018

Purpose: To describe endovascular treatment of mesenteric malperfusion in a multichannel aortic dissection (MCAD) with full true lumen (TL) collapse following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Case Report: A 54-year-old man presented with chronic mesenteric ischemia and a previous TEVAR for MCAD complicated by superior mesenteric artery (SMA) malperfusion. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) demonstrated a 3-channel aortic dissection with a “false-true-false” configuration. The SMA was malperfused through the collapsed TL. CTA also showed a secondary entry tear, measuring 18 mm in diameter, at the end of the previous endograft. Direct open surgery or endovascular revascularization of the SMA was not feasible. A plan was devised to improve SMA perfusion by increasing the TL inflow. With the assistance of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), an endograft was placed through one false lumen in the abdominal aorta and through the TL in the descending thoracic aorta to seal the secondary entry tear. Symptoms of mesenteric ischemia resolved 2 days after the procedure. At 1 year, he is asymptomatic, has gained weight, and has improved SMA perfusion and remodeling of the 3-channel dissection on CTA. Conclusion: IVUS imaging can help evaluate the complex hemodynamics of MCAD. Patient-specific endovascular treatment of MCAD with mesenteric malperfusion seems to be a feasible bailout alternative treatment for urgent, complex cases without reconstruction options.
Awakened Hatred and Heightened Fears: “The Trump Effect” on the Lives of Mixed-Status Families
Authors: Nienhusser H. Kenny , Oshio Toko
Published: December 2018

The rise of the Trump regime has sparked xenophobic sentiments directed toward and heightened fears experienced by mixed-status immigrant families living in the United States. Using the Southern Poverty Law Center’s concept of “The Trump Effect”—how the election of Donald Trump has had a damaging impact on undocumented immigrants—the researchers reveal how the lives of 12 mixed-status families (16 youth and 16 of their parents/guardians) have been transformed. Implications of this investigation are significant given the current social and political landscapes and continual fear mixed-status families undergo in their plight for daily survival.
The conceptual model of the artificial linguistic educational environment for achieving oral communication skills in a second foreign language
Authors: Bourina Helena V , Dunaeva Larisa A
Published: December 2018

The process of studying a foreign language in Russian higher education institutions is carried out in a specially organized linguo-didactic language environment which is understood as a methodological framework designed in accordance with the peculiarities of a linguo-cultural community. It is aimed at combining learning methods and techniques to implement them into pedagogical practice, ensuring the level-by-level development of students’ language skills and complying with the international standards of language proficiency. The necessary modern basis for a linguo-didactic language environment is the use of Information and Communications Technology, which makes it possible to access the world of native speakers. The linguo-didacticlanguage environment creates socio-cultural communication patterns, provides an opportunity to become familiar with a different communication behavior, ensures students’ participation in real communication expanding the boundaries of language learning situations and enriching their communication experience. The attributes of the language environment include audiovisual materials, speaking practice, spoken and written language as well as cultural background knowledge and different learning components. The subjective attributes of the language environment include students’ cognitive activity, motivation and individual learning abilities. The conceptual model is aimed at teaching oral communication in a second foreign language in an artificial language environment which is based on the analysis and description of a current situation in the field of teaching a second foreign language at Russian universities, on perceiving a language situation as a basic education unit; on choosing the model of cross-cultural communication; on selecting the components of a natural language environment which have teaching potential and comply with the learning aims; on defining the learning methods; on creating the model of the designed environment.
Appreciation (Including Gratitude) and Affective Well-Being: Appreciation Predicts Positive and Negative Affect Above the Big Five Personality Factors and Demographics
Authors: Fagley N. S.
Published: December 2018

This study investigated the relation between appreciation and positive and negative affect, controlling for gender, age, ethnicity, and Big Five personality factors. Appreciation consists of several aspects, including a focus on what one has (“have” focus), awe, gratitude, and interpersonal appreciation. Undergraduates ( N = 236) completed an online survey containing the Appreciation Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Big Five Inventory (BFI). The Big Five traits accounted for 38% and 43% of the variance in positive and negative affect, respectively, beyond demographics. Appreciation accounted for 9% ( p < .001) and 4.6% ( p < .05) of the variance in positive and negative affect, respectively, beyond demographics and the Big Five. The “have” focus aspect of appreciation, which represents noticing, focusing on, and valuing what one has, accounted for significant unique variance in both positive and negative affect. Gratitude did not. Future research is needed to determine how broadly these results generalize.
Arthroscopic Bankart Repairs With and Without Remplissage in Recurrent Adolescent Anterior Shoulder Instability With Hill-Sachs Deformity
Authors: Hughes Jessica L. , Bastrom Tracey , Pennock Andrew T. , Edmonds Eric W.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Recurrent shoulder dislocation after surgical intervention in adolescents with anterior instability is now understood to occur with a relatively high frequency. The remplissage procedure is successfully used in the adult population to mitigate the ability of a Hill-Sachs lesion to engage the anterior glenoid and can be used during an arthroscopic Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability.

Purpose:

To compare the clinical outcomes in adolescent patients who underwent a Bankart repair with or without remplissage for treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder instability and associated Hill-Sachs defects.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted on adolescents who underwent a remplissage procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability from 2009 to 2017 at a single institution. Controls were identified in a cohort of patients who underwent a Bankart repair only and were matched based on age, sex, and size of Hill-Sachs lesion. All patients were then contacted to determine instability recurrence as well as to complete the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) and the Pediatric Adolescent Shoulder Score (PASS) outcome surveys.

Results:

Twenty-one adolescents underwent a remplissage procedure, and 20 matched controls underwent only a Bankart procedure. A significantly higher rate of recurrence was noted in the Bankart-only patients (8/17) compared with remplissage patients (2/15) ( P = .04). No statistical difference was found in patient-reported outcome scores between treatment groups or in range of motion measurements ( P > .05). In a subset of patients in the remplissage group with pre- and postoperative surveys available, mean ± SD scores for PASS (77 ± 11) and QuickDASH (19 ± 12) improved when compared with preoperative scores (PASS, 54 ± 16; QuickDASH, 35 ± 28), but only the PASS score was statistically improved (PASS, P = .003; QuickDASH, P = .23).

Conclusion:

The addition of the remplissage procedure to a Bankart repair is a reasonable surgical option to treat a Hill-Sachs deformity in adolescents with anterior shoulder instability. The success of this additional procedure may be due to filling the Hill-Sachs defect, or perhaps it augments stability through a mechanism of posterior capsulorrhaphy. Either way, this young athletic population appears to have a lower rate of recurrence and improved patient-reported outcomes with a remplissage procedure to address the Hill-Sachs deformity.
EGFR-Mutant Adenocarcinomas That Transform to Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Other Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Marcoux Nicolas , Gettinger Scott N. , O’Kane Grainne , Arbour Kathryn C. , Neal Joel W. , Husain Hatim , Evans Tracey L. , Brahmer Julie R. , Muzikansky Alona , Bonomi Philip D. , del Prete Salvatore , Wurtz Anna , Farago Anna F. , Dias-Santagata Dora , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Reckamp Karen L. , Yu Helena A. , Wakelee Heather A. , Shepherd Frances A. , Piotrowska Zofia , Sequist Lecia V.
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Approximately 3% to 10% of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) -mutant non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) undergo transformation to small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), but their clinical course is poorly characterized.

Methods

We retrospectively identified patients with EGFR-mutant SCLC and other high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas seen at our eight institutions. Demographics, disease features, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results

We included 67 patients—38 women and 29 men; EGFR mutations included exon 19 deletion (69%), L858R (25%), and other (6%). At the initial lung cancer diagnosis, 58 patients had NSCLC and nine had de novo SCLC or mixed histology. All but these nine patients received one or more EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor before SCLC transformation. Median time to transformation was 17.8 months (95% CI, 14.3 to 26.2 months). After transformation, both platinum-etoposide and taxanes yielded high response rates, but none of 17 patients who received immunotherapy experienced a response. Median overall survival since diagnosis was 31.5 months (95% CI, 24.8 to 41.3 months), whereas median survival since the time of SCLC transformation was 10.9 months (95% CI, 8.0 to 13.7 months). Fifty-nine patients had tissue genotyping at first evidence of SCLC. All maintained their founder EGFR mutation, and 15 of 19 with prior EGFR T790M positivity were T790 wild-type at transformation. Other recurrent mutations included TP53, Rb1, and PIK3CA. Re-emergence of NSCLC clones was identified in some cases. CNS metastases were frequent after transformation.

Conclusion

There is a growing appreciation that EGFR-mutant NSCLCs can undergo SCLC transformation. We demonstrate that this occurs at an average of 17.8 months after diagnosis and cases are often characterized by Rb1, TP53, and PIK3CA mutations. Responses to platinum-etoposide and taxanes are frequent, but checkpoint inhibitors yielded no responses. Additional investigation is needed to better elucidate optimal strategies for this group.
Synthetic Methodologies for Structurally Defined Linked-[n]Rotaxanes with Permethylated Cyclodextrins: Platform for Functionalized Molecular Electronics
Authors: Masai Hiroshi , Terao Jun
Published: December 2018

Insulated molecular wires, π-conjugated molecules insulated by nonconductive macrocycles, have been regarded as key components in the field of single-molecule electronics. Their various functionalities were attributed to their π-conjugated systems and enhanced by their macrocyclic insulation. We have recently proposed that the linked-structures resulting from π-conjugation with cyclic molecules, especially with permethylated cyclodextrins, were effective for preparing various types of functionalized insulated molecular wires for use in molecular electronics. The unique self-threading supramolecules called linked-[n]rotaxanes, are reported to have the enhanced functional properties of molecular wires. The development of such insulated molecular wires has been strongly supported by precise engineering protocols with fine synthetic techniques for making self-threading supramolecular structures. In this account, we systematically describe and categorize synthetic procedures for making structurally defined linked-[n]rotaxanes via various reaction systems with focus on the threading and fixation systems peculiar to linked-[n]rotaxane structures.
A reforma Pereira Passos, a memória da escravidão e algumas implicações sociais e raciais
Authors: Andrade Vanessa de Araujo
Published: December 2018

As reformas do Rio de Janeiro no início do Século XX tiveram o intuito de inserir a cidade na modernidade, equiparando-a às capitais da Europa e extirpando a memória do seu passado escravista, dando novo aspecto às regiões central e portuária da cidade, num esforço conjunto entre os governos federal e municipal. O artigo mostra como impactaram não apenas nos símbolos tangíveis da memória da escravidão, mas também implicaram em estratégias de controle social, em especial do cotidiano e da cultura da população negra da cidade. A ação do poder público na área portuária, em especial, atingiu de forma intensa os aspectos culturais e sociais da população negra ali arraigada. Por fim, analisaremos a quais ideais obedecia este projeto urbano, e algumas de suas implicações sociais e raciais.
Breathe Easy EDA: A MATLAB toolbox for psychophysiology data management, cleaning, and analysis
Authors: Ksander John C. , Kark Sarah M. , Madan Christopher R.
Published: December 2018

Electrodermal activity (EDA) recordings are widely used in experimental psychology to measure skin conductance responses (SCRs) that reflect sympathetic nervous system arousal. However, irregular respiration patterns and deep breaths can cause EDA fluctuations that are difficult to distinguish from genuine arousal-related SCRs, presenting a methodological challenge that increases the likelihood of false positives in SCR analyses. Thus, it is crucial to identify respiration-related artifacts in EDA data. Here we developed a novel and freely distributed MATLAB toolbox, Breathe Easy EDA (BEEDA). BEEDA is a flexible toolbox that facilitates EDA visual inspection, allowing users to identify and eliminate respiration artifacts. BEEDA further includes functionality for EDA data analyses (measuring tonic and phasic EDA components) and reliability analyses for artifact identification. The toolbox is suitable for any experiment recording both EDA and respiration data, and flexibly adjusts to experiment-specific parameters (e.g., trial structure and analysis parameters).
Positive and negative regulation of Shh signalling in vertebrate retinal development
Authors: Gallardo Viviana E , Bovolenta Paola
Published: December 2018

Cell-to-cell communication is fundamental for embryo development and subsequent tissue homeostasis. This communication is often mediated by a small number of signaling pathways in which a secreted ligand binds to the surface of a target cell, thereby activating signal transduction. In vertebrate neural development, these signaling mechanisms are repeatedly used to obtain different and context-dependent outcomes. Part of the versatility of these communication mechanisms depends on their finely tuned regulation that controls timing, spatial localization, and duration of the signaling. The existence of secreted antagonists, which prevent ligand–receptor interaction, is an efficient mechanism to regulate some of these pathways. The Hedgehog family of signaling proteins, however, activates a pathway that is controlled largely by the positive or negative activity of membrane-bound proteins such as Cdon, Boc, Gas1, or Megalin/LRP2. In this review, we will use the development of the vertebrate retina, from its early specification to neurogenesis, to discuss whether there is an advantage to the use of such regulators, pointing to unresolved or controversial issues.
An extension of the Alma-Ata vision for primary health care in light of twenty-first century evidence and realities
Authors: Perry Henry B.
Published: December 2018

This paper builds upon and extends the definition of primary health care in the 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata. The definition proposes a stronger role for community-based delivery of services and community mobilization, participation and empowerment. It calls for a stronger integration with vertical, disease-specific programs. And, finally, it calls for a strong role for certain curative services (including basic and essential surgery) that many today would not consider as part of primary health care. There is growing evidence that communities can and should play a stronger role than has traditionally been the case, that community-level workers who are properly trained and supported can provide effective services outside of health facilities, and that primary health centers staffed with non-specialist physicians and even non-physician clinicians can perform many of the lower-level inpatient services now performed at first-level referral hospitals.

An approach to primary health care that is appropriate to the local context and that merges local epidemiological priorities with the communities' perceived priorities will make it possible to engage communities as partners. Currently, essential and basic health care services are available to only one-half of the world’s population. The full development of primary health care as envisioned here will accelerate progress in achieving Health for All as envisioned at the International Conference on Primary Health Care in 1978.
Oral health status of community dwelling adults aged 50 years and over in Ireland. A cross-sectional analysis of the Wave 3 TILDA cohort.
Authors: Naseer Amara , McLoughlin Jacinta , Donoghue Orna A. , Kenny Rose Anne , O'Connell Brian
Published: December 2018

Background: Little is known about the current oral health status of adults in Ireland. The aim of this study was to measure the oral health status of community dwelling adults aged 50 years and over in Ireland, and to compare the current status to previous surveys of oral health in adults. 

Methods: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) Wave 3 provided an opportunity to assess the oral health of a subset of TILDA participants. Respondents attending for health assessments at the TILDA centre were offered an oral health examination. The World Health Organization examination criteria were used.

Results: Out of the 3111 people who were offered the oral health assessment (OHA), 2525 were examined. Adults below 50 years of age (n=17) and 4 respondents whose oral health data were unavailable at time of analysis were omitted, giving a final sample of 2504 respondents.  Among the OHA sample, 9.9% (249) were edentate; 11.5% (159) of females and 8% (90) of males. Of those aged 65 years and older, 15.6% were edentate compared with 40.9% in 2000-02. The mean number of teeth present in those aged 65 years or older was 14.9 for males and 14.2 for females compared with 9.9 and 7.4, respectively, in 2000-02. 56.8% of the dentate sample had 10 or more tooth contacts. The mean DMFT of those aged 50 years or more was 18.5 and the Root Caries Index (RCI) was 6.3. For adults aged 65 years and over, the mean DMFT decreased from 25.9 to 20.1 and the Root Caries Index decreased from 11.6 to 9.1, between 2000-02 and 2014-15.

Conclusion: The results suggest an improvement in oral health status of community dwelling adults aged 50 years and over in Ireland as compared to the previous Irish survey of 2000-02.
Using SITAR (SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation) to estimate age at peak height velocity in Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Frysz Monika , Howe Laura D. , Tobias Jonathan H. , Paternoster Lavinia
Published: December 2018

Puberty is a time of substantial biological and psychological changes. One of the hallmarks of puberty is a rapid growth spurt, however its timing varies between individuals. The impact of pubertal timing on later health outcomes has been of interest in life course epidemiology, however its measurement can be challenging. Age at peak height velocity (aPHV) offers an objective measure of pubertal timing without having to rely on physical examination or self-report. We describe the derivation of aPHV estimates in Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) offspring, using Superimposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) mixed effects growth curve analysis. ALSPAC is a rich source of phenotypic and genotypic data and given the importance of pubertal timing for later health outcomes, these data offer an opportunity to explore the determinants and consequences of aPHV.
The generic name Abrothallus (Abrothallales, Dothideomycetes), and names proposed in the genus by Giuseppe De Notaris, Søren Christian Sommerfelt, and Ignaz Kotte
Authors: Suija Ave , Hawksworth David L. , Pérez-Ortega Sergio
Published: December 2018

The date of publication of the generic name Abrothallus is discussed, along with typification of the Abrothallus names proposed by Giuseppe De Notaris, Søren Christian Sommerfelt, and Ignaz Kotte. Pertinent historical collections have been examined, and each typication is supplied with a description in order to facilitate correct identifications. The new combination A. santessonii (≡ Vouauxiomyces santessonii) is proposed, and the species description updated to include the sexual morph.
João Baitinga: análise sobre protagonismo histórico, a partir da trajetória de um índio (Bahia, 1804-1857).
Authors: De Almeida Rego André
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho busca fazer uma análise sobre protagonismo histórico, a partir da trajetória do índio João Baitinga, que viveu na aldeia de Pedra Branca e no Ribeirão (atuais municípios de Santa Terezinha e Amargosa, na Bahia), no Período Imperial. As reflexões realizadas procuram compreender o papel de liderança de Baitinga na luta pela comunidade indígena da qual ele fazia parte, realçando a sua experiência em momento decisivo para diversos povos indígenas na província baiana, momento este marcado pela perda de direitos e espaços no processo de formação do Estado nação brasileiro.
SELECTION OF REFERENCE VALUE OF LONGITUDINAL TO TRANSVERSAL ULTRASONIC WAVES VELOCITY RATIO ON PRESSURE PURPOSE STEELS FOR DETECTION OF CREEP
Authors: Zavadil Tomáš
Published: December 2018

Common degradation process for industrial equipment in power and petrochemical industry is creep. The ultrasonic waves velocities and their ratio can provide feedback on stress-strain conditions generated by heat. Selection of potentially critically affected parts of pressure equipment can be theoretically accessed by their means. Selection of such critical parts or areas is done by comparison with reference benchmark value. Setting the standard reference value for conventional pressure purpose steel is crucial so it can be later used as a benchmark for selection of critical areas on equipment under operation. The article proposes a benchmark value to be utilized for P265GH pressure purpose steel and steels of similar grade.
Об одном подходе к определению предельной несущей способности механических систем с разупрочняющимися элементами
Authors: Стружанов Валерий Владимирович , Struzhanov Valerii Vladimirovich , Коркин Александр Владимирович , Korkin Aleksandr V. , Чайкин Алексей Евгеньевич , Chaykin Aleksey E.
Published: December 2018

Изложены основные положения теории расчета предельных нагрузок, действующих на дискретные механические системы с разупрочняющимися элементами. Методика опирается на численное определение вырожденных критических точек потенциальной функции системы, где происходит переход от устойчивости процесса нагружения к неустойчивости (катастрофа, разрушение), и позволяет избежать решения большого числа нелинейных уравнений равновесия.
В качестве примера применения методики решена задача об определении предельного внутреннего давления в тонкостенном цилиндрическом резервуаре. При построении потенциальной функции системы использован специально построенный единый потенциал для плоского квадратного элемента материала в условиях двухосного растяжения, описывающий все стадии деформирования, включая и разупрочнение.
What do they really like? An investigation of students' perceptions of their coursework in a fully online educational technology program
Authors: Lowenthal Patrick
Published: December 2018

The higher education market space has become increasingly competitive during the past few years. For instance, there are now hundreds of fully online master’s programs in educational technology. Given this increased competition, it is more important than ever for those working in graduate education to understand what students, and specifically those who have graduated from their program, like and dislike about their coursework. We constructed a survey using Rovai’s Classroom Community Scale (CCS) and some additional questions about the easiest, most difficult, and favourite courses to investigate what graduates thought about the coursework of the program they just completed. Results suggest that students in the program prefer courses with practical content, continuous interactions, and hands-on projects; and they dislike courses that are too theoretical. We conclude with implications for practice and additional research.
Uwarunkowania konfliktów etnopolitycznych w państwach wielonarodowościowych
Authors: Jakubowski Andrzej
Published: December 2018

Znaczenie czynnika etnicznego w wielu sferach współczesnego życia politycznego i społecznego nie tylko nie maleje, ale wręcz wzrasta, stając się przy tym ważnym źródłem sytuacji konfliktogennych w polityce wewnętrznej państw i niekiedy prowadząc do wybuchu konfliktów zbrojnych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba konceptualizacji uwarunkowań współczesnych konfliktów etnopolitycznych, w których główną osią podziału stron pozostają różnice na płaszczyźnie etnicznej i narodowościowej w wymiarze historycznym, etniczno-demograficznym, społeczno-ekonomicznym, społeczno-kulturowym i politycznym.
Polycaprolactone / bioactive glass hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration
Authors: Bossard Cédric , Granel Henri , Wittrant Yohann , Jallot Édouard , Lao Jonathan , Vial Christophe , Tiainen Hanna
Published: December 2018

Bioactive glasses (BG) bond to bone and stimulate bone regeneration, but they are brittle. Inorganicorganic hybrids appear as promising bone substitutes since they associate the bone mineral forming ability of BG with the toughness of polymers. Hybrids comprised of polycaprolactone (PCL) and SiO2-CaO BG were produced by sol-gel chemistry and processed into porous scaffolds with controlled pore and interconnection sizes. The obtained scaffolds are highly flexible, meaning that PCL effectively introduces toughness. Apatite formation is observed within 24 hours of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) and is not limited to the surface as the entire hybrid progressively changes into bone-like minerals. The degradation rate is suitable for bone regeneration with a 13.2% weight loss after 8 weeks of immersion. Primary osteoblasts cultured in scaffolds demonstrate that the samples are not cytotoxic and provide good cell adhesion. The in vivo study confirms the bioactivity, biocompatibility and suitable degradation rate of the hybrid. A physiological bone made of trabeculae and bone marrow regenerates. The structure and kinetic of bone regeneration was similar to the implanted commercial standard based on bovine bone, demonstrating that this new synthetic PCL-BG hybrid could perform as well as animal-derived bone substitutes.
Pointwise approximation of 2 π/r-periodic functions by matrix operators of their Fourier series with r-differences of the entries
Authors: Łenski Włodzimierz , Szal Bogdan
Published: December 2018

We extend the results of Xh. Z. Krasniqi [Acta Comment. Univ. Tartu. Math., 2013, 17, 89-101] and the authors [Acta Comment. Univ. Tartu. Math., 2009, 13, 11-24] to the case of 2 π/r-periodic functions. Moreover, as a measure of approximation r-differences of the entries are used.
On the stability of a Cauchy type functional equation
Authors: Lee Jung Rye , Najati Abbas , Park Choonkil , Rassias Themistocles M.
Published: December 2018

In this work, the Hyers-Ulam type stability and the hyperstability of the functional equationare proved.
The European networks of research, education and training stakeholders in agroecology
Authors: Nicot Rose , Bellon Stéphane , Loconto Allison , Ollivier Guillaume
Published: December 2018

In Europe, agroecology has become the center of many debates that animate political and professional arenas, particularly regarding the definition and scope of the concept itself. This paper attempts to understand the ways that the term agroecology is conceptualized by different participantsparticipants and how these concepts circulate so as to explore the interests at stake in the institutionalization of agroecology within the research and education institutions of Europe. We address the core research question of: what dynamics emerge in the networks of European stakeholders of agroecology? By combining different approaches of institutionalization based on network and discourse analysis, we study the dynamics of research, education and training organizations. We identify 10 different concepts of agroecology, distributed among 103 organizations. The significant difference that has been observed between the agroecological concepts in research and those in education/training emphasizes the gap between these two disciplines. The latter support a more political, transdisciplinary and holistic view of agroecology when compared to the former. Moreover, collaboration among European agroecology stakeholders is limited in both research and education/training. We also found that in most cases, collaboration between scholars does not guarantee a shared notion of agroecology, and conversely, sharing the same notion of agroecology does not assure collaboration. This led us to question the feasibility of institutionalizing agroecology and the missing link between a shared vision and the collective mobilization of stakeholders around a strong agroecology programme.
Nietzsche and James on the Value of Constructing Objects
Authors: Remhof Justin
Published: December 2018

In this paper, I first suggest that Nietzsche and James, two otherwise very different thinkers, both endorse the controversial constructivist view that human representational practices bring all material objects into existence. I then explore their views concerning why and how constructivism can play a vital role in helping us find reality and our lives valuable.
Cognitive Factors as a Key to Plain-Sense Biblical Interpretation: Resolving Cruxes in Gen 18:1–15 and 32:23–33
Authors: Stein David E. S.
Published: December 2018

Both the accounts of Abraham’s three visitors (Gen 18:1-15) and of Jacob’s nighttime intruder (32:23- 33) are famous interpretive cruxes. This article shows why the plain sense is that both Abraham and Jacob recognize right away that the newly introduced figures represent their deity. It does this by: (1) accounting for the place of messengers in the mental life of ancient Israel; (2) recovering an under-appreciated yet cognitively based narrative convention regarding messengers; (3) setting the starting point of each narrative with care; (4) attending to the semantics and pragmatics of the main noun in both accounts; and (5) emulating the online processing of language that an audience’s mind automatically employs, which is incremental and prediction-driven. In the emulation exercise, the audience’s mental parser arrives at a “recipient recognition” (RR) construal quickly-already before the end of 18:2, and by the end of 32:25. Furthermore, handling 32:25 in this manner resolves a third crux at the same time (32:2-3). An RR construal is cognitively favored because it yields a coherent and informative text, unlike the “obscured origin” (OO) construal that theologians presently favor. Meanwhile, the emulation validates a previously proposed hypothesis that the noun אִישׁ ’îš functions as the generic label for designating an “agent”-that is, someone who is representing the interests of another party. All told, this article employs a variety of cognitive factors as keys to plain-sense interpretation. Finally, it touches upon the theological implications of the RR construal of the two passages under study.
Coming to Terms with the Reformation
Authors: Dieter Theodor
Published: December 2018

The quincentenary of the Reformation in 2017 challenged different actors or subjects (such as civil societies, states, and churches) to come to terms with ‟the” Reformation. This article argues for gaining an awareness of the constructive character of the word ‟Reformation”, so that ‟coming to terms with the Reformation” will mean different things depending on the particular meaning of ‟Reformation,” and, of course, depending on the different acting subjects. The article focuses mainly on how the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) and the Roman Catholic church addressed and answered the challenge of a common commemoration and celebration of the Reformation on a global level, especially with a view to previous centenaries that led to serious religious conflicts between Protestants and Catholics. The article analyzes how ecumenical dialogues allowed for a common perception by Lutherans and Catholics of the theological and spiritual gifts of the Reformation for the whole church, and how distinguishing this meaning of ‟Reformation” from another meaning of ‟Reformation” that denotes the sequence of events leading to the split of the Western church was the basis of the historic ecumenical prayer service with Pope Francis in Lund (Sweden) and the leaders of the Lutheran World Federation on October 31, 2016, commemorating the Reformation both in gratitude and lament and committing themselves to continue on the journey from conflict to communion.
The syntax, information structure, and prosody of German ‘VP’-fronting
Authors: Lee-Schoenfeld Vera , Lunden Anya
Published: December 2018

This paper explores fronted verb phrases in German, drawing attention to the difference between passive/unaccusative VPs and fronted agentivevPs. While both kinds of verb phrases have been discussed in the literature as being frontable, it has been largely overlooked that frontedvPs typically come with a certain kind of post-fronting context and a rise-fall or bridge-contour intonation, which is characteristic of I-topicalization. We observe that, unlike VPs, agentivevPs essentially need to be I-topics, with a high tone at the right edge of the fronted domain, in order to be frontable. Given the special context required for frontedvPs, the situation described by thevP does not contain new information but must already have been under discussion and is now being commented on. We present the results of two experimental studies and appeal to the thetic/categorical distinction to offer a new angle on the definiteness effect that has been associated with fronted verb phrases. We propose that a subject-containing frontedvP is associated with a thetic rather than the default categorical judgment, which means that the fronted subject and predicate form only one information-structural unit (a topic) rather than two (topic and comment). Contributing to the literature on theticity, we observe that, unlike in non-fronting thetic statements, the subject in frontedvPs cannot be a true definite. We attribute this to clashing intonation restrictions on theticity in non-fronting constructions versus theticity in just the fronted portion of a sentence.
Bacillus methylotrophicus ASWU-C2, a strain inhabiting hot desert soil, a new source for antibacterial bacillopyrone, pyrophen, and cyclopeptides
Authors: Helaly Soleiman E. , Hamad Zainab , El Sayed Magdi A. , Abdel-Motaal Fatma F. , Nassar Mahmoud I. , Ito Shin-ichi , Stadler Marc
Published: December 2018

A strain of Bacillus methylotrophicus was isolated from a soil sample collected in Aswan eastern desert, which is known for its extremely arid climate. After fermentation of the strain in liquid culture and subsequent extraction, a bioassay-guided isolation procedure yielded five compounds: 2-benzyl-4H-pyran-4-one, named bacillopyrone (1), pyrophen (2), macrolactin A (3) and the cyclopeptides malformin A1 (4), and bacillopeptin A (5). The structures were determined by interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) data. This is the first report on the isolation of compounds 1 and 2 from Bacillus species; compound 1 was reported previously as synthetic product. Bacillopyrone (1) exhibited moderate activity against the Gram-negative Chromobacterium violaceum with minimum inhibitory concentration 266.6 μg/mL, while macrolactin A (3) and malformin A1 (4) inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentrations 13.3 and 133.3 μg/mL, respectively).