bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Produktifitas Penggunaan Waktu Kerja Perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Ahmad Yani Pekanbaru
Authors: Andra Fithriyah , Ismainar Hetty
Published: July 2018

Performance has an important position in management and organization. One dimension in the performance benchmark is the use of time in work. The work time of the nurse is the pattern of working time utilization for the nursing activity in accordance with the main task and its function in accordance with the job description that is 80 percent. The purpose of this study is to describe the productivity of the nurses working time in the hospital. The method in this reseach is qualitative approach which conducted by observation participation to create a description of the working time usage. Data collection techniques use observation sheets and interview guides and document tracking. In this research, there are 6 informants namely Head of Nursing, Nursing Coordinator and 4 nurses. Data analysis using triangulation. Result, The forms of nurse activity consist of: productive nursing (direct and indirect), personal and non-productive activities. Show that the use of productive work time of nurse is 42,4 percent (that is direct activity 19,6 percent and indirect nursing activity 22,8 percent) and non productive 57,6 percent. Conclusion the productivity of nurse work time is not optimal and more dominated by non productive activities such as: talking outside the main task, watching TV, using gadgets or outdoors for other activities.

Keyword: Hospital, Nurse, Productivity, Working time
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Pendidikan Ibu terhadap Status Gizi Balita
Authors: Numaliza Numaliza , Herlina Sara
Published: July 2018

Nutritional status is the state of the body as a result of eating foods and the use of nutrients.Society Nutrition Status is one of the Indonesia health issues. One of indicator of Society Nutritional Status is the toddler nutritional status. Efforts to achieve the good toddler nutritional status is knowledge of parents, especially mothers as caregivers and her responsibility in family meals implementation including for children. Therefore mothers understanding of toddler food and nutrition is very important. The purpose of this research to determine the relationship of knowledge and education to the nutritional status of children. This research is a quantitative analytic research with cross sectional approach. Sample in this research is some mothers who have toddler counted 70 people. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. This study was analyzed univariat and bivariate. The result of the research is based on chi square test with Pvalue value less than 0,05 (less than 0,006 <0,05) and (less than 0,034 less than 0,05). The conclusion of this research is there is relationship between knowledge and education to the Toddler nutritional status

Keywords : Nutritional Status, Toddler, Education , knowledge
Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Personal Hygiene Saat Menstruasi pada Santriwati di MTs Pondok Pesantren Dar El Hikmah Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Maharani Riri , Andryani Weni
Published: July 2018

Someone is said to have a personal Hygiene well if that person can keep their body hygiene including skin, teeth, and mouth hygiene, nose hair, ears, legs and nails seta genetalia equipment, one of genitalia tool maintenance can be done on young women during menstruation. Based on the initial survey at MTs Darul Hikmah Pekanbaru from 15 menstruating santriwati, 10 of them did not know about personal hygiene during menstruation, due to not hygiene during menstruation, they tend not to behave hygiene. This study aims to determine the behavior of personal hygiene during menstruation at santriwati in MTs Pondok Pasentren Dar EL Hikmah Pekanbaru City. This research method is quantitative research by using cross sectional. The sample of this research is 148 santriwati class VII and VIII in MTs Darul Hikmah Pekanbaru City. The sampling technique is propability sampling. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis with chi-square test, measuring instrument used is questionnaire and data processing using computerization The result showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (Pvalue = 0,002 with POR = 4,043), attitude (Pvalue = 0,000 with POR = 5,659), source of information (Pvalue = 0,000 with POR = 5,826), role of health worker (Pvalue = 0.001 with POR = 4,451), the role of teacher (Pvalue = 0.001 with POR = 4,200), culture (Pvalue = 0.002 with POR = 3.893) with personal hygiene during menstruation. It is advisable to develop cooperation with related health agencies that enable Dar EL Hikmah Pasentren Pondok to provide healthcare professionals who are competent in the health field.

Keywords:Personal hygiene, menstruation, santriwati
Study Distribute Pathogens of Tick-Borne Infections, Transmitted of Ticks in the South of the Far East
Authors: Leonova G. N. , Bondarenko E. I. , Khvorostyanko A. A. , Kurlovskaya A. V.
Published: July 2018

The first time was identified by PCR in real time in Ixodes ticks and leukocyte blood fractions of persons tested after a tick bite, the existence of a number of pathogens of tick-borne infections (B. burgdorferi s.l., B. miyamotoi, A. phagocytophilum, E. chaffeensis/E. muris, tick-borne encephalitis virus) on two focal areas adjacent to Vladivostok. The infection of I. persulcatus B. burgdorferi s.l. reached 31%, and for the first time identified B. miyamotoi, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia - 4%. Detection of RNA of TBE virus in 2 cases in epidemiological season in 2014, indicating a low potential epizootological natural focuses of TBE in the southern Far East.
Results of Detection Antibodies against Rickettsiae in the Blood Sera at the Omsk Region of Russia and the West-Kazakhstan Region of Republic Kazakhstan
Authors: Samoylenko I. E. , Rudakov N. V. , Reshetnikova T. A. , Egemberdyeva R. A. , Shalamova E. V. , Shtreck S. V. , Kumpan L. V.
Published: July 2018

Previously, we found high species- and antigenic heterogeneity of spotted fever group rickettsiae circulating in the territories of the Russian Federation. This paper presents the results of the detection of antibodies to R. sibirica and R. conorii by using of complement fixation test and indirect immunofluorescent test (IFT) in the sera of patients after tick bites in tick-borne rickettsioses foci in border areas of Russia and Kazakhstan. The results of the study allow us to recommend carrying out the serological study of the blood sera of patients after tick’s bites using IFT with antigens of Rickettsia species, which circulation is proved or suspected in the area.
Comparative Characteristics of Epidemic Processes Natural Focal Tick-Borne Infections, Dominant in the Astrakhan Region
Authors: Ugleva S. V. , Shendo G. L. , Kurbangalieva A. R. , Kulikova L. N. , Shabalina S. V.
Published: July 2018

On territories of the Astrakhan area naturally-nidal diseases the vections of that are eruptive claws are widely widespread. Certain conformities to law, depending on the factors of environment with changing of seasons and weather terms, certain geographical landscapes, anthropogenic factors, come to light at the study of features of epidemic process of these infections. An epidemiology and epizootic situation testifies to activation of natural hearths of Crimean hemorrhagic fever and Astrakhan rickettsial fever, tick infections of dominant on territory of the Astrakhan area.
Immunogenic Properties Studyoffusion Recombinant Proteins Based on VP6 and VP8 of Human Rotavirus A
Authors: Dukhovlinov I. V. , Bogomolova E. G. , Fedorova E. A. , Simbirtsev A. S.
Published: July 2018

Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea among young children worldwide. Contagion with these viruses often leads to severe dehydration of organism. Rotaviral gastroenteritis cases may repeat intra vitam. Because of the absence of drugs with direct action on rotavirus, a timely vaccination is considered the most effective way of this disease's control. Nowadays vaccines based on attenuated alive rotaviral strains are used for this purpose, which can result in different complications. In this work the immunogenicity of recombinant fusion proteins VP6VP8 and FliCVP6VP8 - the crucial active agents of the candidate vaccine against rotaviruses - was studied. As part of the study highly purified proteins preparationsin native state were obtained, their high antigenic activity in experiments with laboratory Balb/c mice was demonstrated.
The Dynamics of the Epidemiological Situation of Tick Borne Encephalitis in the Far East
Authors: Leonova G. N.
Published: July 2018

We have presented a comparative analysis of morbidity and mortality in the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in the south of the Russian Far East in the period 1980 - 2014. In the period from 2008 to 2014 using the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was examined 10,599 copies ticks or leukocyte fraction of blood (n = 5561) of people who indicate to the fact of tick bites. Blood samples and ticks positive in ELISA additionally examined by PCR and virus isolation. Under diagnosis of TBE cases in the 1980s resulted in lower figures morbidity and mortality artificially excessive to 39% (average 28%). In the 1990s there was a sharp rise in the incidence of TBE (median 15.3% mortality). In the 2000s there was a trend to a decrease in the number of cases and deaths (average case fatality rate of 6.3 -10.5%). The incidence rate for 35-year follow-up period ranged from 0.85 to 9.88 per 100 thousand population, mortality was 14.8 ± 0.7%. The degree of danger of the epidemic on TBE synchronously reflected in the rate of antigen detection of TBE virus in humans and ticks attached themselves. In the year’s high morbidity and mortality (in 2009 and 2010) antigen detection in ticks and in human blood reached a maximum. Isolated from the blood of these patients three TBE virus strains indicated that only a complete virus capable of replicating determines the variety clinical forms of the infection.
Evolution and Diversity of Hepatitis C Virus and Peculiarity of Modern Laboratory Diagnostic of Hepatitis C Markers
Authors: Nikolaeva L. I. , Leybman E. A. , Sapronov G. V.
Published: July 2018

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which was identified in 1989 - 1990. Later it was included in new genus Hepacivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Due the genetic heterogeneity of HCV, viral isolates was decided to classificate on genotypes and sybtypes in accordance with the sequence of nucleotides in a certain area of the genome. It was discover that the virus infect only human and chimpanzee. Modern molecular epidemiological data, obtained after 2000, indicate monocentric origin of HCV from Africa, most likely from the central part. Probably, in Africa the conditions for feeling HCV-like virus from unknown non-primate mammal to human were formed. Recently HCV-like viruses were found in dogs, horses, bars, and rodents. The most common hypothesis of the HCV origin base on unknown virus, which is belong to genus Hepacivirus and does not infect human-like primate. The virus is included into group of nonprimate hepacivirus (NPHV). In last centure in our country viral intergenotype recombinant RF_2k/1b was appeared. In modern time HCV diversity can appeared as serology poor displayed forms of the virus. Drug-resistant variants of HCV can accumulate and disseminate again the background of antiviral therapy.
Features of the Biotopic Distribution of Different Species of Small Mammals and their Role in Supporting the Natural Foci of Tularemia in the North-Eastern Part of the Voronezh Region
Authors: Mikhaylova T. V. , Mescheryakova I. S. , Demidova T. N. , Kormilitsyna M. I. , Kvasov D. A. , Stepkin Yu. I. , Trankvilevsky D. B.
Published: July 2018

Different species of small mammals (SM) (539 total), cached in Voronezh region, were examined for antigen and DNA of Francisella tularensis. The basic species of SM involved in circulation of F. tularensis were revealed. The features of the biotopic distribution of infected SM on the territory of the natural foci were shown. The diversity of species SM ensures long operation and epizootic activity of the natural foci of tularemia.
The Socio-Epidemiological Environment and the Health of Infants without Having Been Impacted by Maternal HIV Infection
Authors: Shugaeva S. N. , Savilov E. D. , Petrova A. G.
Published: July 2018

The results of a cohort study of 177 newborns, from birth until they were 18 months old, are presented. The 87 of those children had lacked impact of maternal HIV infection, and 90 children were not exposed to HIV prenatally. Antisocial factors were observed among the newborns exposed to a prenatal HIV infection which had a negative impact upon them throughout infancy. The social deviance of their family members with a HIV infection was 10.5 times higher than the standard risk of a neonatal abstinence syndrome, 4 times higher than a standard risk of growth retardation during fetal development, and 3.8 times higher than a standard risk of postnatal development disorders. Undiagnosed infants who were exposed to a HIV-infection constitute a medico-social risk group requiring scrupulous and extended medical assistance.
Features Immunodiagnostic Local Forms of Tuberculosis in Children
Authors: Borodulina E. A. , Ahmerova T. E. , Vasneva Zh. P. , Eremenkо E. S. , Borodulin B. E. , Amosova E. A.
Published: July 2018

The 100 children with local forms of tuberculosis (LFT) were examinated used by the method of continuous sampling. The results of the LFT immunodiagnostic with the Diaskintest (DST) in the children were evaluated. Diaskintest were started applying in Samara one of the first from Russia. The confirmation of the tuberculosis in children with LFT was done in 99% of cases by the positive skin tuberculin tests and in 84% by Diaskintest positive. It is shown that Diaskintest can not be taken as an absolute diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of the tuberculosis. Were noted that the FGA stimulated IFN-γγ production level were significantly reduced (1,7 times), the DST stimulated IFN-γγ production level were elevated more than 18 pg/ml in the children with negative skin Diaskintest. This observation shows that the issues in the fields of tuberculosis immunodiagnostic require further investigations.
Parvovirus Infection – Contemporary Issues in Epidemiology and Clinical Medicine
Authors: Nikishov O. N. , Kuzin A. A. , Antipova A. Yu. , Lavrent’eva I. N.
Published: July 2018

Parvovirus infection (PVI) is an important but little-known problem in the Russian Federation. Its clinical manifestations are characterized by different clinical entities that require differential diagnosis, as with other viral infections, as well as non-communicable diseases and epidemiological significance of PVI determined the prevalence of the development of epidemic outbreaks, mainly in organized groups. Medical and social - with teratogenic virus, as well as the possibility of its transmission at gematransfuziyah. The main risk groups - pregnant women, patients hematological profile. In the absence of recording and reporting the incidence of people is impossible to establish the scale of the spread of parvovirus infection. Crucial in this respect are laboratory studies that reveal the prevalence of its laboratory markers.
Prospective Behavioral Study of Patients with Acute Respiratory Infections
Authors: Nurmatov Z. Sh.
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Review of official reports for the last 10 years revealed that up to 5% of the country population suffers from acute respiratory infections (ARI) annually. The study aimed to research the actual incidence by analyzing the prevailing behaviors in populations with respiratory symptoms.

Methods: The prospective behavioral study was conducted at the outpatient clinic No 1 in Bishkek, with the number of catchment population aged above 18 totaling 25,057. Selection of respondents was based on systematic sampling. Every hundredth resident was selected from the electronic database of the catchment population. 224 people above 18 were actually enrolled in the study. The survey continued from November 2012 to April 2013. Except for the first interview, all follow-up interviews were done over the phone. For the purposes of the study, individuals in the study group were considered cases if they exhibited symptoms of ARI, according to the WHO Regional Office for Europe guidance for sentinel influenza surveillance in humans (2011). The survey results data analysis was performed using the Epi Info statistical software.

Results: From November 2012, to April 2013, 61.2% (224) of the observed population became ill. 46.7% were ill with ARI once, 40.1% – 2 – 3 times, 11.7% – 4 – 7 times, as a result 137 people got sick a total of 307 times (136,161 per 100,000 population), only 75 cases sought medical attention (24.6%). The incidence rates in the observed group of patients with ARI (75/305) who sought medical care per 100,000 population comprised 33,482.1. According to the routine surveillance in 2012 – 2013 epidemic season, there were 34,637 cases of ARI (3,826.9 per 100,000 population). In the fall, the incidence totaled 36.8%, in winter – 20.2% and in spring 29.1%. The incidence rates by age group, gender, and presence of children in the family did not have statistically significant differences. The most frequent symptoms were as follows: cough (64.6%), rhinitis (61.0%), headache (58.1%), and sore throat (50.1%).

Conclusions: In the 2012 – 2013 epidemic season, the incidence of ARI in the observed population was 35.6 times higher than the registered incidence in Bishkek, which indicates the low rate of seeking care.
Prematurely Born Children: Vaccination – Safety and Specific Immune Response
Authors: Kharit S. M. , Kaplina S. P. , Ruleva A. A. , Friman I. V. , Skripchenko N. V.
Published: July 2018

The analysis of safety and efficiency of vaccination of the children born before the term (61 children of 1 – 4 degree of prematurity) and children born in time (21 children – group of comparison). For vaccination and revaccination was used: DTP (20 and 15 children respectively), DTaP (22 and 4 children), pentavalentny vaccine (DTaP/IPV/Hib – 9 and 2 children) and DT (10 children of the studied group with convulsion in the anamnesis). Against measles, mumps and a rubella was immunized 47 and 20 children respectively. After immunization all clinical symptoms was analyzed and after 2 months diphtheria measles and mumps antibodies was detected.

Prematurely born children has the 1 vaccination for 3 – 4 months later, then infants, with born at time. After vaccination 75.4% and 74.5% infants in both groups hadn’t any clinical symptoms. Acute respiratory infection was registered with the same frequency (25,5 – 25.0% and 24.6 – 23.8%). The antibodies titer to diphtheria, measles, mumps didn't depend on degree of prematurity.
The Epidemiological Situation of Influenza in the World and Russia in the Season 2014 – 2015
Authors: Karpova L. S. , Pelikh M. Yu. , Eropkin M. Yu. , Popovtseva N. M. , Stolyarova T. P. , Stolyarov K. A. , Sominina A. A. , Kiselev O. I.
Published: July 2018

Comparison of spatial-temporal spread of influenza in the Northern and southern hemispheres according to the WHO and the analysis of the epidemic of influenza in Russia in the 2014 – 2015 season, according to the research Institute of influenza on the incidence of influenza and ARI in 59 cities of Russia.

It is shown that in the season 2014 – 2015 in the Northern hemisphere, the intensity of the epidemics was higher in North America and Europe than East Asia and North Africa. In the Southern hemisphere have experienced low influenza activity. In the etiology of epidemics in countries of both hemispheres was dominated by influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B. The proportion of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was less in the Southern hemisphere was higher than in Northern countries. The incidence of influenza A(H3N2) in the Northern hemisphere was predominantly linked to the new strain A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2), differing from the vaccine. In Europe, the majority of circulating influenza B strains were related to the strain B/Phuket/3073/2013, did not match the vaccine.

In Russia the intensity of the influenza epidemic in 2015, was more than the previous epidemic of 2014, the prevalence in the cities, the morbidity especially children 7 – 14 years of age and adult population, the incidence of hospitalization with a diagnosis of «influenza» and the number of deaths.
Immunogenicity and Protective Effect of Live Cold-Adapted Vaccines against Influenza B after Intranasal Immunization of Mice
Authors: Kashirina O. S. , Vasiliev Y. M.
Published: July 2018

Live attenuated («att») vaccines based on cold-adapted («ca») strains are a promising approach of influenza prophylaxis enhancement, however, effectiveness evaluation as well as interrelation with immunogenicity should be elucidated, especially for vaccines against type B influenza.

Sterile, pure and concentrated viruses were prepared using a parent wild-type influenza type B and a live «ca» strain derived from the wild-type strain, and their biological activity and phenotype were fully characterized. Mice intranasally immunized twice with the live «ca» vaccines developed sterile immunity (wild-type virus was not isolated in chicken embryos (below limit of detection) from lungs of immunized and subsequently infected mice), however, sera antibodies in hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) were also not detected (below limit of detection).

Live «ca» vaccines against influenza type B viruses are effective, however, protection from infection was not determined by HAI antibodies. Further studies using various methods of immunogenicity evaluation and characterization of mechanisms of protection for influenza vaccines, first of all «att», are needed.
Assessment of the Costs Associated with Outpatient and Inpatient Treatment of ARVI and Influenza and its Complications
Authors: Nurmatov Z. Sh.
Published: July 2018

In this paper the authors are presenting the analysis of an economic burden caused by influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). This is the first study of its kind in the Kyrgyz Republic. The goal of the study was to calculate the economic burden caused by the flu and ARVI morbidity in the Republic. The study was done during 2013 - 2014 on the basis of two hospitals among inpatients and in the basis of a policlinic in the city of Bishkek among outpatients. We found that the cost of one case of flu or ARVI was 4771.41 kyrgyz som (USD 97.79). In the overall structure, the cost of medical expenses was lower than the cost of non-medical expenses (41.3 compared to 58.7%). Results of this study allowed for the first time in Kyrgyzstan to calculate the total cost for treatment of ARVI and influenza in the country. For the year 2013 they amounted to 636 516 889.2 kyrgyz som or USD 13,835,558.85. Results of the study allowed determining the factors that influence the costs that medical institutions and patients face, as well as come up with recommendations on the need for preventive vaccination against influenza.
New Monoclonal Antibodies for the Diagnosis of Influenza and other Acute Respiratory Viral Infections
Authors: Sominina A. A. , Sorokin E. V. , Tsareva T. R.
Published: July 2018

The informational article presents the results carried out in the Laboratory of Biotechnology Research Institute of Influenza original, promising development of drugs monoclonal antibodies, which are the basis of accurate diagnostic test systems, can be used to control the process of the evolution of pathogens flu and acute viral respiratory infections, as well as to create predictive models of their variability. The paper provides a list developed by the Research Institute of Influenza monoclonal antibodies and some examples of their use.
Problems of Providing Epidemiological Safety of Nonsterile Endoscopic Interventions
Authors: Grenkova T. A. , Selkova E. P.
Published: July 2018

For comparative (with 2006) estimates of the system of epidemiological safety of endoscopic manipulations were interviewed 1066 endoscopic units 46 of the administrative territories of the Russian Federation. Rooms for endoscope reprocessing is not equipped in 23.2% of hospitals (in 2006 - 64,4%); the manual way of reprocessing (77% in 2014 against 94.1% in 2006) in containers prevails; 28.5% of hospitals for the HLD use the disinfectants without a sporocidal activity (in 2006 - 33.3% of hospitals); the technical equipment for AERs, cabinets for drying and storage of endoscopes since 2006 significantly didn't change; the medical staff for endoscope reprocessing allocated only in 4.5% of endoscopic units.
Evaluation of informativity risk factors of breast cancer in the female population of the Omsk region: Bayesian approach
Authors: Shirlina N. G. , Turchaninov D. V. , Stasenko V. L. , Vilms E. A.
Published: July 2018

The paper shows the possibility of assessment of individual risk of developing breast cancer in women using an algorithm based on Bayes ' theorem. An epidemiological study (such as "case-control"), the prevalence of known risk factors for breast cancer in the female population of the Omsk region (n = 1002). The estimation of informativenes of risk factors for breast cancer signs and in terms of the likelihood ratio. Defined sensitivity and specificity of the proposed diagnostic test.
Effect of Changes in the Age Structure of the Population in the Incidence of Influenza and ARI in the Cities of Russia from 1986 to 2014
Authors: Sysoeva T. I. , Karpova L. S.
Published: July 2018

In order to study the dynamics of the incidence of influenza and ARI in the cities of Russia and the impact of the demographic composition of its population we evaluated changes in the age structure of the population from 1986 to 2014. Considerable changes in the 28 years dynamics of the total incidence of influenza and ARI revealed. The highest incidence rate from 1969 to 1990 gave way to decrease in the incidence from 1991 to 2008 in all cities, especially in megacities, and to increase during the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 circulation. Reduction of the differences in the incidence of influenza and ARI in cities with different population is noted. From 1969 to 2014 there have been significant changes in the dynamics of influenza and ARI incidence: reduction in the incidence from 1991 in all the cities, especially in megacities, increasing of incidence during the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 circulation years from 2009 to 2014, and reducing the difference in the incidence of influenza and ARI in cities with varying populations. In most cities, the incidence remained high throughout the observation period. In 2009 - 2014 the incidence has become higher in the Barnaul, Irkutsk, Yakutsk, and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, and lower in the Krasnodar and Ulan-Ude compared with the periods from 1986 to 2008. The results from correlation analysis reveal that incidence of influenza and ARI is significantly positively correlated with the age and number of children's groups, more pronounced in the younger age groups, at 95% confidence level. Children 0 - 2 years revealed significant strong correlation in 27 of the 34 cities, the average correlation coefficient, R = 0.75, children 3 - 6 years - a strong (in 16 cities) and the average (in 16 cities), R = 0.63, children 7 - 14 years - a strong (in 9 cities) and average (in 15 cities), R = 0.53, in adults found an association of moderate strength only in 8 cities R = 0.48.
Vaccination of Children with Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Tostinov M. P. , Tarasova A. A.
Published: July 2018

Recommendations highlighted features vaccination of children with rheumatic diseases. It is shown how the immunization scheme may be changed according to the pathology and the age of the child.
Analysis of the Incidence of the Female Population Omsk Region with Breast Cancer for Ten Years of (2003 - 2012)
Authors: Shirlina N. G. , Stasenko V. L. , Shirinsky V. A.
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the epidemiological characteristics of diseases of the female population of the Omsk region of breast cancer (BC) from 2003 to 2012, Determined the dynamics of morbidity. A comparative analysis of breast cancer incidence rates in urban and rural residents of the area. In the structure of malignant tumors of the female population of the Omsk region the proportion of breast cancer was 23.3% and was lower than the national average (20.0%). In rural areas, compared with the regional center had higher growth rates of incidence of breast cancer (1.5-fold).
Hepatitis E Virus SeroprevalencE among Different Age Groups of the Healthy Population of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Lukhverchyk L. N. , Alatortseva G. I. , Nesterenko L. N. , Nurmatov A. Z. , Nurmatov Z. Sh. , Baiyzbekova Zh. A. , Kasymov O. T. , Mikhailov M. I. , Zverev V. V.
Published: July 2018

Knowledge regarding distribution of serological markers of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection in the population of endemic regions is an important indicator of the public health and hygiene. The aim of this study was to determine seroprevalence of HEV among different age groups of the population in Kyrgyzstan regions. 648 serum samples of persons without liver pathology received in December 2014 to February 2015 was tested by immunoassay kit «DS-EIA-ANTI-HEV-G» (Diagnostic systems, Russia). IgG antibodies to HEV were detected in 4.8% (n = 31) of the examined samples. An analysis of the level of seropositivity in different regions and in different age groups of the population was made. The greatest number of seropositive persons were identified in Bishkek and Chuskaya oblast. The antibodies were detected most frequently in individuals aged 1 to 5, 15 to 19 years old and older than 50 years old. The obtained data indicate the constant virus circulation in Kyrgyzstan in interepidemic period.
The Impact Annual Immunization against Flu on Morbidity of Flu in the Russian Federation
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Ezhlova E. B. , Melnikova A. A. , Miheev V. N. , Ryzhikov A. B. , Ilicheva T. N. , Domkina A. M. , Mikheeva I. V. , Saltykova T. S. , Saltykova T. S.
Published: July 2018

Assessment of influence of annual seasonal vaccination on flu incidences of the Russian Federation population is carried out. The strong inverse correlation between the preventive flu vaccination coverage and the incidence of this infection is established. It is shown that the season vaccination in 2013 - 2014 result that about 40% of the samples of blood serum collected in 25 regions of Russia were positive to the vaccine influenza strains. It is necessary to vaccinate annually not less than 50% of total population, with not less than 90% immunization coverage of risk groups for ensuring necessary level of population immunity to stop a flu epidemic and to promote decrease in incidence of this infection in the Russian Federation
Vaccinal prevention of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in chelyabinsk Region: Dynamics of Vaccination, population Immunity, Analysis of TBE cases in Vaccinated persons
Authors: Luchinina S. V. , Semenov A. I. , Stepanova O. N. , Pogodina V. V. , Gerasimov S. G. , Shcherbinina M. S. , Kolesnikova L. I. , Suslova T. A.
Published: July 2018

The Chelyabinsk Region (Southern Urals) is high endemic territory. The TBE incidence is 3.57 ± 1.7 per 100 000 of population. A level of vaccination against TBE increased from 0.3 to 34.8% in 1999 - 2013. Specific immunity of population in 35.9% is connected with vaccination, in 64.1% with natural immunity consequently latent contact with TBE virus. Dynamics of vaccinal prevention, increasing of population immunity in different landscapes, and in different age groups were studied. 77.7% of TBE patients did not vaccinated, 18.2% received of specific immunoglobulin at postexposition and 3.7% persons were vaccinated. Unusual lethal case in patient, who received 8 doses of vaccine is analysed in this article.
The Structure of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes/Subtypes in Adult Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C in the Moscow Region
Authors: Kudryavtseva E. N. , Korabelnikova I. M. , Bogomolov P. O. , Kuzmina O. S. , Matsievich V. M. , Voronkova N. V. , Dubodelov D. V. , Lavrov V. F. , Semenenko T. A. , Kuzin S. N.
Published: July 2018

The structure of HCV genotypes/subtypes and dynamics of its changes in a cohort of adult patients with chronic hepatitis C (n = 17229) was studied during 2008-2015 in the Moscow region. The prevalence of subtypes 1b and 3A HCV, whose relative density have made 47.5% (95%CI 46.8 - 48.3%) and 39.4% (95% CI 38.7 - 40.2 per cent) respectively was revealed. The average proportion of subtype 1A HCV was 5.4% (95%CI of 5.1 - 5.8%) and genotype 2 - 7.2% (95% CI 6,8 - 7,6%). It was established that the dynamics of 1b subtype HCV relative density was characterized by a moderate decline rate of 1.3% per year, while the proportion of subtype 3A HCV increased (+2.9% per year). The differences in the ratio of subtypes 1b and 3A HCV were revealed when dividing the patients by gender. The subtype 1b HCV was more frequently identified in women during the observation period. In the cohort of male patients a shift of the leading HCV subtype was detected - since 2010, the 3A subtype HCV was identified with a higher frequency than subtype 1b HCV. It was shown that in patients under 30 years the proportion of subtype 3A HCV was higher than in the age group older than 30 years, regardless of gender.
Modern Epidemic Situation of Parenteral Viral Hepatitis and Drug Addiction in the Russian Federation and Moscow
Authors: Novikova Yu. B. , Asratyan A. A. , Rusakova E. V.
Published: July 2018

Study aim - a comparative analysis of dynamics and trends in the prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C and drug addiction in Russia and Moscow in the period from 1999 to 2014. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C, and drug addicts was performed among the population of Moscow and the Russian Federation for the period from 1999 to 2014. The forms of federal statistical observation were applied. To assess the significance of differences between the compared values, the statistical significance error (p) were calculated based on the calculation of Student's test (t). Results and discussion. The tendency of growth in prevalence of drug addiction was verified over the study period in Moscow and in Russia as a whole (in Moscow, 166.3 (1999) to 257.37 100 ths people (2013), in Russia 154.75 (1999) to 227.19 100 ths people (2013)). However, the growth rate of drug addiction prevalence has decreased in recent years mainly due to the decrease in the number of patients who applied for medical help for the first time. It was shown that a composition of the consumed drugs has changed in the studied period in Russia: Portion of cannabinoid addiction has decreased in 2 times, the abuse of stimulants in 19 times. The opium addiction compiled the main portion of consumed drugs (74.5%), the poly addiction - 18.3%, the proportion of addiction to stimulants was 3.5%. Epidemiologic features of the of parenteral viral hepatitis B and C was demonstrated: Reduced prevalence of acute forms and an increased incidence of chronic forms of hepatitis B and C in the population of Moscow; changes toward older age in representation of hepatitis B and C; sexual transition was defined as a main transition way for hepatitis B and C. For the first time it shows a very strong positive correlation (r = from 0.95 to 0.96) between the primary drug addiction and the incidence of acute forms of hepatitis B and C in Moscow and the Russian Federation in 2000 - 2013. Conclusion. The retrospective analysis of the prevalence of drug addiction and viral hepatitis B and C showed the presence of common factors affecting the course of the epidemic process in the studied nosology; drug addicts still represent a risk group for infection with viral hepatitis B and C.
Cutaneous Immunological Tests for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Infection in Children and Adolescents (Analytical Review)
Authors: Ovsyankina E. S. , Gubkina M. F. , Panova L. V. , Yukhimenko N. V.
Published: July 2018

Early detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) infections are one of the most urgent problems of childhood TB, as it is based mostly on a set of attributes (epidemiological, clinical, radiological, laboratory) due to lack of the possibility of obtaining diagnostic material for microbiological examination for the majority of patients. Immunological skin tests play an important role in this process as an opportunity to define the formation of high-risk groups for TB, followed by additional methods of inspection to confirm or exclude the disease.
Vaccination for Children with Neurological and Genetic Violations (Literature Review)
Authors: Kaplina S. P. , Kharit S. M. , Skripchenko N. V.
Published: July 2018

The problem reactions on vaccines remains actual during many years. To date there is possibility vaccination of children with heavy pathology. The necessity of defence of children with neurological pathology from the guided infections is conditioned by the high risk of origin of complications after the carried infections from that a child was not in time instiled. To the review the results of researches on safety, clinical and immunological efficiency of vaccines are driven against a whooping-cough, diphtheria, measles and parotitis for patients with pathology of the nervous system. Had an experience shows frequency of the undesirable phenomena in a period after vaccination of children with neurological violations.
Vaccine prophylaxis of tuberculosis in the Metropolis: Its Efficiency and Emerging Issues
Authors: Sevostyanova T. A. , Aksenova V. A. , Belilovsky E. M.
Published: July 2018

For example, a megacity of 10 years and an analysis of the problems, specific prevention of tuberculosis. Mass vaccination against tuberculosis leads to a reduction in morbidity and mortality from the disease according to Moscow. The main problems of vaccine prevention of tuberculosis in Moscow are to reduce vaccination coverage of newborns due to increased number of failures parents. The frequency of severe complications (BCG osteitis) was 0,004%, frequency of pulmonary complications - 0,005% (lymphadenitis), 0,01% (cold abscesses) to 100 thousand vaccinated. Possible complications of vaccine-B are not an occasion to review the policy on primary vaccination with BCG.
Combined Use of Vaccination and Immunotherapy Drugs to Achieve a Long-Term Clinical Remission in Patients with Chronic HPV-infection Manifested in condyloma accuminata of the anogenital area
Authors: Protasov A. D. , Tezikov Yu. V. , Kostinov M. P. , Lipatov I. S. , Magarshak O. O. , Ryzhov A. A.
Published: July 2018

Study objective. The study aims at evaluating the efficacy of combined administration of imiquimod 5% cr me and human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent recombinant vaccine in order to achieve a long-term clinical remission in patients with chronic HPV infection manifested in condyloma accuminata of the anogenital area. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 36 subjects aged 26.4 (4.1) years (including 22 men) with 1 to 5 condyloma accuminata of the anogenital area. Study participants were vaccinated with human papillomavirus quadrivalent recombinant vaccine using a 0 - 2 - 6 month regimen with concomitant administration of imiquimod 5% cr me applied 3 times per week for not more than 16 weeks. Results. Complete disappearance of condyloma accuminata was observed in 34 out of 36 subjects (94.4%) after one year from the start of treatment. Two patients still having condyloma accuminata of the anogenital area after one year of combination treatment underwent a successful course of treatment with solcoderm (one patient for 1 year 3 months and the other for 1 year 4 months) that resulted in complete disappearance of condyloma accuminata. Within the 1 year 6 month period no recurrence of condyloma accuminata of the anogenital area has been observed. Conclusion. Vaccination with human papillomavirus quadrivalent recombinant vaccine along with concomitant use of imiquimod 5% cr me enables to achieve a long-term clinical remission in patients with chronic HPV infection manifesting in condyloma accuminata of the anogenital area, in at least 94.4% of patients followed up for 1 year 6 months.
Studying of S- and L- form Brucella’s Thermo-Extracts Immunogenic Characteristics at Cavies Guinea Pigs
Authors: Mikhailov L. M. , Barannikova N. L. , Tokareva L. E. , Vityazeva S. A. , Starovoytova T. P. , Dubrovina V. I. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: July 2018

Relevance. In the Russian Federation is noted the negative dynamics of epizootic process of brucellosis among epidemiologically important species of farm animals (cattle and small ruminants), which represents a threat to the population. Used in Russia live vaccine based on a strain of Brucella abortus 19 the BA has reduced virulence, but capable at high doses (108 -2 109 m.c.) cause a generalized infection in guinea pigs and humans, and in violation of the rules cause post-vaccination complications. Goal. Assess possibility of the thermo-extract derived from the S- and L-forms of Brucella, get an immune response in guinea pigs, and reduce the risk of infection with virulent brucella. Materials and methods. Two series of experiments were carried out on guinea pigs. Immunized guinea pigs thermo-extracts (TE) from a strain of B. abortus I-206 in the S- and L-forms, and live brucellosis vaccine (Scientific and Production Association for Immunological Preparations «Microgen», Russia). To infect guinea pigs using virulent B. abortus 544 (Reference) and B. melitensis I-203 from the museum of living cultures of the Irkutsk Scientific Research Anti-Plague Institute. Results. In the first and second experiment after immunization L TE in dose 5 mg and 10 mg after infection with B. abortus and B. melitensis 5441-203 were approximately similar results. Immunization of Brucella in TE S-form or complex of L + S TE either of two doses (5 mg or 10 mg) cultures after infection B. abortus and B. melitensis 5441-203 gave the same result as a vaccine B. abortus 19VA. Conclusions. The results indicate the prospects of further study of experimental steps for using immunizing agents TE S, L TE and TE S + L on the laboratory animals.
The Biological Properties of the Strain Francisella tularensis 15 NIIEG with Decreased Gene Expression sodB, Encoding Fe-Dependent Superoxide Dismutase
Authors: Sotnikova M. A. , Kravchenko T. B. , Bakhteeva I. V. , Mironova R. I. , Kombarova T. I. , Mokrievich A. N. , Pavlov V. M.
Published: July 2018

Relevance. Superoxide anion has bactericidal properties and is also an important inducer of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. We have created F. tularensis 15/sodBII strain with transiently decreased FeSOD synthesis level and more sensitive to oxidative stress. So we suggest that the modified vaccine strain have lower reactogenicity. Goal. Studying of effect of sodB gene expression modulation on biological properties of vaccine F. tularensis strain 15 NIIEG. Materials and methods. F. tularensis survival in macrophage-like cell line J774.1A and in spleen and liver of infected mice were analyzed through colony-forming unit enumeration. Strains reactogenicity was assessed by the dynamics of change in weight of infected mice. Efficacy of immune response generated by mutant strain of F. tularensis 15/sodBII was estimated with virulent F. tularensis strain Schu S4 infection in the BALB/c mice model. Results. Degree of protection was significantly more pronounced in the mice vaccinated with the strain F. tularensis with decreased sodB gene expression in comparison with parental F. tularensis strain NIIEG 15. Conclusions. The modified strain of F. tularensis 15/sodBII may be consider as a promising variant for development of a new tularemia vaccine with reduced reactogenicity.
Detection of Rickettsia RaoultiI Genotypes in Southern Kazakhstan
Authors: Samoylenko I. E. , Kumpan L. V. , Okolelova N. A. , Igolkina Y. P. , Tikunov A. Yu. , Rar V. A. , Egemberyeva R. A. , Kolomeetz A. N. , Reshetnikova T. A. , Rudakov N. V.
Published: July 2018

Previously it was established that different species of genus Rickettsia were detected in Kazakhstan. Nevertheless, rickettsial species spectrum of some regions of Kazakhstan has not been studied. Dermacentor niveus ticks from Southern Kazakhstan were investigated using cell cultures by shell vial technique. The first isolates close related to genotypes Rickettsia raoultii RpA4 and DnS14 were obtained. The role of these agents in tick-borne rickettsioses morbidity in Southern Kazakhstan is discussed.
Development of Personnel Potential Faculty in Epidemiology -Necessary Component of Epidemiological Well-Being of the Country
Authors: Briko N. I. , Mindlina A. J. , Polibin R. V. , Yakovleva T. V.
Published: July 2018

The article shows that to maintain health, diseases prevention and country biosafety requires a deep knowledge of basic preventive health care discipline - epidemiology. Experts-epidemiologists are in demand both in the institutions of Rospotrebnadzor (Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing) and the Ministry of Healthcare. Analysis the educational process in departments and epidemiology courses of 48 medical colleges indicated the importance of the organization in all medical college individual faculties or epidemiology courses where have worked as a lecturer specialists of «medical and prophylactic business», or certificate epidemiologist, or doctors a degree in the specialty «epidemiology». There is necessary «rejuvenation» of the lecturer staff. Also in connection with a significant change in the epidemiology of the application area is necessary to organized regularly training for epidemiology lecturer.
New Approaches in Taxonomy Representatives of Rickettsiales Order
Authors: Shpynov S. N.
Published: July 2018

Systematics and nomenclature of representatives Rickettsiales order has always been based on a limited number of available phenotypic characteristics, due to their obligate intracellular localization. Intensive use of «molecular» technology has led to the description of a large number of new species of this taxonomic group, as well as to the reclassification of some of its representatives. Another symbol of the era of «molecular» technology is the emergence of species, genera and families with candidate status («Candidatus») due to the inability of cultivation and studying of biological properties that is required for a valid description of the new species. It should be a legitimate solution to this problem, based on the development and application of new high technologies. This review summarizes recent data on the taxonomy, nomenclature and evolution of representatives order Rickettsiales, new technologies, approaches and methods for the study of certain groups of prokaryotes. Published materials were obtained in the analysis of foreign and Russian scientific publications, as well as on the basis of its own published data. The paper contains a new understanding of the classification within the genus Rickettsia.
The Mechanisms of CellularImmune Response in Brucellosis
Authors: Dubrovina V. I. , Konovalova Zh. A. , Yastremskaya K. U. , Barannikova N. L. , Tokareva L. E. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: July 2018

The current state of the problem of Brucella interactions with the host in the review is discussesed. Provides information about the mechanisms of persistence of Brucella in the host organism due to their ability long remain in the cells immunoregulatory system. Data on the differences of Brucella in smooth and rough forms on invasive ability are presented. The key role of the macrophage in Brucella infection is shown. Promising areas of research in the field of immunobiology of brucellosis are indicated.