bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Readapting PhaseNet to Laboratory Earthquakes: AEsNet, a Robust Acoustic Emission Picker Illuminating Seismic Signatures of Different Fault Gouge Materials
Authors: Mastella Giacomo , Pignalberi Federico , Poggiali Giulio , Scuderi Marco
Published: January 2025

Laboratory acoustic emissions (AEs) represent microslip events analogous to small- scale earthquakes, providing valuable insights into the mechanics of frictional instabilities. With technological advancements in acoustic monitoring, thousands of AE waveforms can now be collected in minutes of experimental time, requiring efficient methods for their detection and analysis. In this study, we introduce a deep learning model for automatically detecting AEs in laboratory shear experiments. Our dataset consists of about 30,000 manually picked AEs waveforms collected under different experimental boundary conditions using two fault gouge materials: Min-U-Sil quartz gouge and glass beads. By adapting the PhaseNet model, originally developed for natural earthquake phase detection, we train AEsNet, a robust AE picker that outperforms pre-existing picking methods for the tested materials. To investigate whether the trained models can generalize across different boundary conditions and materials, and overcome the limitations of small, manually labeled datasets, we apply transfer learning to analyze performance relative to training size and material diversity. Our results indicate that model performance is largely independent of experimental conditions but strongly dependent on material type. This finding suggests that direct transfer of models trained on one material to another is often ineffective due to distinct frequency characteristics of AEs, which are closely linked to the microphysical processes driving emissions in the different granular materials. However, quick fine- tuning significantly enhances pre-trained AEsNet performance, even surpassing that of a fine-tuned PhaseNet model pre-trained on natural earthquakes. This underscores the importance of customizing models to the specific attributes of laboratory-generated AEs—a conclusion consistent with findings from transfer learning applications in natural seismicity. In conclusion, our approach provides an efficient tool for enhancing AE detection, even with limited data from diverse laboratory conditions, enabling the creation of reliable AE catalogs that can significantly advance our understanding of fault mechanics in controlled experimental settings.
Ecological Resonance Is Reflected in Human Brain Activity
Authors: Raja Vicente , Gramann Klaus
Published: January 2025

We designed an object interception task using virtual reality and Mobile Brain/Body Imaging totest two core hypotheses of ecological psychology and radical embodied cognitive (neuro)science:the ecological resonance hypothesis and the information-based control laws hypothesis. These twohypotheses define an alternative explanatory strategy that aims to understand the organization andcontrol of behavior without appealing to internal models or representations of any kind. Theecological resonance hypothesis was evaluated in relation to the ecological variable known as tau(τ), or time-to-contact (TTC). Concurrently, the hypothesis of information-based control laws wasinvestigated by examining the τ-coupling control law. The results of the study show ecologicalresonance to τ along with τ-coupling between stimulation, behavior, and neural activity, thereforeoffering support to both hypotheses.
Simplifying Health Concept Maturity Levels Assessment using the Trognon CML Inventory
Authors: Trognon Arthur , Lambert Julien , Abraham Denis
Published: January 2025

The Health Concept Maturity Levels (CML) model provides a structured framework for guiding MedTech projects from inception to market, integrating technological, programmatic, and user-centered dimensions. However, earlier applications revealed overlaps in ethical and regulatory considerations between the “Need” and “Programmatic” factors, signaling a need for refinement. In response, the Trognon CML Inventory was developed to address these limitations and enhance clarity, consistency, and ease of use. The revised model establishes constant criteria for each factor and sub-factor at all nine levels, thereby offering a clear progression and reducing redundancy. A new expert-oriented matrix further streamlines evaluations by providing a concise, criterion-based tool for rapid project appraisal. This inventory aims to foster more robust alignment of ethical, regulatory, and clinical validation requirements with technology development, while supporting Living Lab initiatives that emphasize collaboration among researchers, clinicians, patients, and industry partners. By systematically delineating each dimension of MedTech innovation, the Trognon CML Inventory underscores the multifaceted nature of healthcare solutions and promotes the adoption of transparent, iterative processes. Future validation efforts, including computational methods and canonical approaches such as factor analyses, will help assess the model’s effectiveness in various MedTech contexts, thereby ensuring its continued relevance and adaptability.
Efficient neural encoding as revealed by bilingualism
Authors: Moore Charlotte , Donhauser Peter , Klein Denise , Byers-Heinlein Krista
Published: January 2025

The remarkable human capacity for bilingual and multilingual acquisition raises fundamental questions about how the brain develops efficient systems for processing multiple languages. In this study, we used neural network models trained on natural speech input to examine how these efficient representations emerge. Our models show that phonological systems can self-organize through parallel representations, preserving the unique aspects of each language while maintaining shared articulatory features. This parallel structure scaled effectively from two to three languages without needing additional neural architecture, highlighting the inherent efficiency in multilingual processing. Furthermore, the development of phonological representations varied based on the timing of language exposure, showing how earlier-learned languages shape the acquisition of subsequent ones. These findings imply that multilingual input can be organized efficiently without prior linguistic knowledge. Instead, the human ability to speak multiple languages may arise from general principles of neural organization that optimize shared resources while maintaining essential distinctions between languages. This work has important implications for language learning, brain plasticity, and cognitive development.
Brains and Where Else? Mapping Theories of Consciousness to Unconventional Embodiments
Authors: Rouleau Nicolas , Levin Michael
Published: January 2025

It is commonly assumed that a useful theory of consciousness (ToC) will, among other things, explain why consciousness is associated with brains. However, the findings of evolutionary biology, developmental bioelectricity, and synthetic bioengineering are revealing the ancient pre-neural roots of many mechanisms and algorithms occurring in brains – the implication of which is that minds may have preceded brains. Most of the work in the emerging field of diverse intelligence emphasizes externally observable problem-solving competencies in unconventional media, such as cells, tissues, and life-technology chimeras. Here, we inquire about the implications of these developments for theories that make a claim about what is necessary and/or sufficient for consciousness. Specifically, we analyze popular current ToCs to ask: what features of the theory specifically pick out brains as a privileged substrate of inner perspective, or, do the features emphasized by the theory occur elsewhere. We find that the operations and functional principles described or predicted by most ToCs are remarkably similar, that these similarities are obscured by reference to particular neural substrates, and that the focus on brains is more driven by convention and limitations of imagination than by any specific content of existing ToCs. Encouragingly, several contemporary theorists have made explicit efforts to apply their theories to synthetic systems in light of the recent wave of technological developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and organoid bioengineering. We suggest that the science of consciousness should be significantly open to minds in unconventional embodiments.
Dire times inspire adolescents’ prosocial giving behavior to those in need
Authors: Dubois Ethell , Toenders Yara , Sweijen Sophie , van de Groep Suzanne , Green Kayla , Brinke Lysanne te , van der Waal Jeroen , Crone Eveline
Published: January 2025

In an eight-wave longitudinal online experiment, we test pre-registered hypotheses on adolescents’ giving behavior during and after the COVID-19 pandemic employing a Pandemic Dictator Game (PDG). Participants (n = 898) showed higher generosity towards pandemic- related targets (medical doctors, individuals with a poor immune system and COVID-19 patients) than to a friend and an unknown peer, which was more marked among younger and female participants. As the pandemic progressed, this generosity diminished; the level of giving to doctors and individuals with a poor immune system dropped to a similar level as giving to a friend, while that to COVID-19 patients dropped below that of a friend. Additionally, participants were more generous to vaccinated others than to unvaccinated others, unless they were unvaccinated themselves. Our findings based on an online experiment format PDG imply strong contextual adaptability of adolescents’ generosity. Future research using a real-life PDG can further establish their external validity.
Democratic weakness and political violence. The case of the Spanish spring in 1936: individuals and incentives
Authors: Tardío Manuel Álvarez
Published: January 2025

This article deals with political violence in Spain during the first half of 1936. This is the most decisive period for democratisation during the Second Republic (1931-1936). Here, it will be pointed out that analyses of political violence have incurred a recurrent problem: deducing from a theoretical relationship between violence and some factors (economic, social or cultural) the existence of causality that would not require to be proven wrong. A specific case is examined to highlight some important aspects of the circumstances in which political violence is unleashed in the context of the breakdown of democracy. The importance of studying this violence from a point of view that is not restricted by a misleading cause-effect relationship will be shown. On the contrary, this article maintains that the perspective of incentives is capital. That perspective lets us understand the weight of violence in political action when the institutions that must guarantee pluralism are weak or partial, as was the case in the months prior to the Spanish Civil War.
AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY ON BREAST CANCER AWARENESS AMONG WOMEN (WITH REFERENCE TO THE MAHAOYA DIVISIONAL SECRETARIAT IN AMPARA DISTRICT, SRI LANKA)
Authors: D. M. T. P. Dissanayaka  , Nelum Kanthilatha
Published: January 2025

Cancer can be identified as a worldwide health problem.  The health sector has been given more attention to the breast cancers, as this is a rapidly growing serious condition among women. Although this condition is fatal, the condition can be controlled with early detection.   However, the death rate caused by breast cancer is growing worldwide. According to the data of the World Health Organization, 685,000 people died from breast cancer in 2020. Breast cancer accounts for 12.5% of all cancers reported annually worldwide. There is also a trend of breast cancer being reported in the Sri Lankan society as the increase of 4%. It shows that there is a minimum level of awareness about the early dection of breast cancer among women. Taking this as a research problem, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying the awareness among women about breast cancer. Study area was selected at the Unuwathurabubula village in the Mahaoya divitional secretarial in Ampara district. Random sampling and judgment sampling methods were used to select the study sample. Judgment sampling method was used to select 05 women with breat cancer with the support of the midwife and random sampling method was used to select 55 women over the age of 35 living in the village to get the data after gettting their consent. Data were collected using an interview schedule, observation and through case studies. It was revealed that the highest number of respondents, 69%, do not know the need of doing a self breat examination with age. It was clear that 20% of the respondents had a family hisory for breast cancer too.  Aaccording to the case studies, all the respondents were affected by breast cancer in the age of 40-50 years. All these respondents (100%) have ignored the early symptoms for a long time due to the lack of awareness. The main finding was that the majority (80%) of the women who were affected by the disease were under some kind of mental stress in recent time durations before the onset of the disease. It is timely important to educate women about the breast cancers and to stress the importance of self breast examination to detect them in early stages to get rid of complications.
ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS INFLUENCING GENDER DISPARITIES IN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS WITHIN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR OF SRI LANKA: EVIDENCE OF GLASS CEILING
Authors: Malsha Kalinga  , L. K. R. D. Kulawardena
Published: January 2025

The term 'Glass Ceiling' refers to invisible yet impenetrable barriers that prevent women and minorities from climbing to top positions, regardless of their accomplishments. To address the existing gap in this particular field of research, the study highlights the urgent need to prioritize diversity, acknowledge the leadership potential of women, and foster inclusive environments that support women in reaching senior academic roles in the Sri Lankan context. The analysis utilized a web-based structured questionnaire with five-point Likert scale questions to gather data from 290 female academics in Sri Lankan state universities through purposive sampling. The study deployed Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to identify the relationship and magnitude between variables. The analysis revealed significant inverse correlations between Cultural Barriers (r = -0.108, p = 0.000), Family Barriers (r = -0.095, p = 0.000), and Perceived Discrimination (r = -0.266, p = 0.000) with women's career progression, while Organizational Environment (r = 0.086, p = 0.000) and Motivation and Satisfaction (r = 0.566, p = 0.000) positively impacted their career progression. Hence the findings of the research strongly suggest reducing the gender-based disparities in leadership roles within academia. The study provides valuable implications to empower women for leadership roles while highlighting the role of the higher education system and relevant authorities in Sri Lanka.
 
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EFFORTS TO IMPROVE KINESTHETIC INTELLIGENCE IN CHILDREN AGED 5-6 YEARS THROUGH TRADITIONAL DANCE ACTIVITIES BANYUWANGI AT PGRI BEDEWANG KINDERGARTEN, SONGGON DISTRICT, BANYUWANGI REGENCY
Authors: Luluk Fitriyani , Ianatuz Zahro , Trio Suwargono
Published: January 2025

This research aims to improve the kinesthetic intelligence of children aged 5-6 years through traditional Banyuwangi dance activities. The method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which consists of two cycles, with each cycle involving two meetings. Data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results showed that at the pre-cycle stage, of the 16 children studied, 13 children were in the not yet developing category, and 3 children were in the beginning to develop category (18.75%). After taking action through Banyuwangi traditional dance activities in cycle I, there was an increase, where 7 children had developed according to expectations (43.75%), while 6 children were still in the starting to develop category, and 3 children were still not developing. In cycle II, a significant increase occurred, with 13 children developing according to expectations and 3 children in the beginning to develop category (81.25%). This research shows that Banyuwangi traditional dance activities are effective in improving the kinesthetic intelligence of children aged 5-6 years at PGRI Bedewang Kindergarten
INCLUSIVE LEARNING STRATEGY BASED ON COLLABORATION TO IMPROVE GROSS MOTOR SKILLS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD
Authors: Pipit Rika Wijaya , Budiyanto Budiyanto , Endang Pudjiastuti Sartinah
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to identify and implement effective collaboration-based inclusive learning strategies in improving gross motor skills in early childhood, and to evaluate their impact on children's physical development. The problems of this study include several important aspects, namely: limited implementation of inclusive learning strategies in PAUD institutions, lack of collaboration between teachers, parents, and professionals in developing children's gross motor skills, and minimal variation in learning activities that reduce children's physical activity which has an impact on gross motor development. This study uses a quantitative quasi-experimental. Pretest-posttest research design with (one-group pretest-posttest design). Research Object 20 students, Collaboration-based inclusive learning strategies have been proven effective in improving gross motor development in early childhood through a comprehensive approach. This strategy not only helps children's physical development, but also encourages their social-emotional development through positive interactions with peers, as well as building self-confidence and cooperation skills that are important for their overall development
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ASSISTED BY INTEGRATED LEARNING MEDIA BASED ON SOCIAL MEDIA TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
Authors: Hariyanto Hariyanto , Nasruliyah Hikmatul Maghfiroh
Published: January 2025

SMAN 1 Besuki organizes education and learning that leads to 21st century skills. One of the 21st century skills developed is students' critical thinking skills. The critical thinking skills of class XI MIPA 1 students in the 2024/2025 Academic Year, especially in biology learning based on the results of interviews with biology subject teachers, still need to be improved, this is confirmed by the results of students' critical thinking ability tests with an average of 49.85 with a category still underdeveloped. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Blended Problem Based Learning with integrated social media-based learning media in improving the critical thinking skills of class XI MIPA 1 students. This study is a Classroom Action Research based on Lesson Study. Data on critical thinking skills were obtained using a critical thinking test with essay-type questions. Data from students' critical thinking skills tests were analyzed descriptively qualitatively by referring to the Illinois Critical Thinking Essay Test. The results show that the results of students' critical thinking tests in cycle I and cycle II increased by 9.83%, which means that the critical thinking skills of class XI MIPA 1 students in the 2024/2025 Academic Year have developed well in biology learning using Blended-Problem Based Learning with integrated social media-based learning media.
PENGARUH BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK TEKNIK DISKUSI TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII E SMPN 1 PAKUSARI JEMBER
Authors: Nurmaulida Nurmaulida , Mutakin Fakhruddin , Budiono Arifin Nur
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bimbingan kelompok teknik diskusi terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berupa pre-eksperimen dengan model one group pre-test post-test design. Subjek yang diteliti adalah kelas VIII E SMPN 1 Pakusari Jember sebanyak 36 siswa dengan teknik pengambilan sampel berupa purposive sampling yang menggunakan kriteria angket berdasarkan interval kelas. Hasil analisi menggunakan uji t menunjukkan bahwa ketidak samaan antara hasil pre-test dan post-test dengan taraf signifikansi 0,017 (Asymp.Sig.( 2- tailed) < 0,05), artinya (Ha) diterima dan (Ho) ditolak . Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kemandirian belajar terdapat dua faktor, faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor yang berasal dar internal berupa psikologis dan fisiologis individu, sedangkan faktor external merupakan faktor yang dipengaruhi dari luar diri individu termasuk keluarga, masayarakat dan sekolah. Namun pada penelitian ini tidak mengungkan tentang faktor internal dan external yang terjadi oleh lingkungan keluargan dan masyarakat, dan hanya mengungkap faktor external yang disebabkan oleh sekolah, sehingga menjadi saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya untuk meneliti faktor tersebut.
PELATIHAN KONSELING ASERTIF UNTUK MENCEGAH BULLYING BAGI SANTRI PESANTREN DI KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN
Authors: Saputri Nor Mita Ika , Rambe Malim Soleh
Published: January 2025

Bullying merupakan satu dari tiga dosa besar dalam dunia pendidikan. Bullying banyak terjadi di lingkungan pesantren, dan bahkan dampaknya lebih besar. Sehingga, penting untuk membekali Para Santri dengan kemampuan Asertivitas. Pelatihan ini menggunakan modul pelatihan konseling asertif dengan Teknik Behavioral Skill Training (BST) yang telah disusun sejak tahun 2022 hingga 2023. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat seberapa efektif penggunaan modul konseling asertif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan asertif santri, sehingga menurunkan kasus bullying khususnya di Pesantren Darul Istiqomah dan Pesantren An-Nur Panyanggar. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 40 santri yang terdiri dari 20 santri Darul Istiqomah, dan 20 santri Pesantren An-nur. Metode yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan the pretest postest control group design. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala perilaku bullying 45 Item yang disusun, 2 di antaranya gugur dan 43 item valid. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan uji-t.  Berdasarkan hasil uji paired sample t Test diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi (2-tailed) adalah 0,000 < 0,05, yang berarti terdapat pengaruh perlakuan yang diberikan terhadap kelompok eskperimen
ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KONSELING BIDANG KARIR UNTUK KEMATANGAN SISWA MENGHADAPI PERSAINGAN DUNIA KERJA DI SMKN 5 KEPAHIANG
Authors: Sari Selly Mayang , Hartini Hartini
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini berlatar belakang pada pentingnya pentingnya kesiapan karir bagi siswa sekolah menengah kejuruan, yang dipersiapkan untuk langsung terjun ke dunia kerja setelah lulus. Layanan bimbingan konseling karir di sekolah diharapkan mampu membantu siswa mengembangkan kematangan karir yang diperlukan untuk menghadapi persaingan di dunia kerja yang semakin ketat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan konseling bidang karir dalam mempersiapkan kematangan karir siswa SMKN 5 Kepahiang. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, dengan melibatkan waka kurikulum, siswa, guru BK, wali kelas, dan guru mata pelajaran sebagai informan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa layanan bimbingan konseling karir di SMKN 5 Kepahiang telah memberikan dampak positif terhadap kesiapan karir siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari beberapa poin berikut: (1) Dampak Positif: Layanan bimbingan konseling karir di SMKN 5 Kepahiang memberikan dampak positif terhadap kesiapan karir siswa, (2)Peningkatan Pemahaman: Siswa menunjukkan peningkatan dalam memahami minat dan bakat mereka, (3)Rencana Karir yang Lebih Jelas: Siswa memiliki rencana karir yang lebih jelas setelah mengikuti bimbingan konseling karir, (4)Hambatan yang Ditemukan; Kurangnya pemahaman tentang pilihan karir yang tersedia dan kurangnya dukungan dari keluarga terkait pilihan karir siswa, (5)Partisipasi Aktif dan Program Terstruktur: Partisipasi aktif siswa dan adanya program bimbingan yang terstruktur membantu siswa mengembangkan keterampilan dan pengetahuan yang relevan untuk memasuki dunia kerja. Kesimpulannya, layanan bimbingan konseling karir di SMKN 5 Kepahiang berperan penting dalam mempersiapkan siswa menghadapi persaingan dunia kerja, meski masih diperlukan peningkatan dalam beberapa aspek.
Tendencias de investigación sobre cooperativas agrícolas en España: un análisis bibliométrico
Authors: Caracuel-Sillero Marina , Alfonso-Caveda Duniesky , Menor-Campos Antonio
Published: January 2025

Introducción: El documento describe el desarrollo histórico y la importancia de las cooperativas agrícolas en España, destacando su rol en la economía rural. Las cooperativas han jugado un papel clave en sectores como el vino y el aceite de oliva, fomentando la innovación y la sostenibilidad. Metodología: El estudio utiliza la metodología PRISMA para realizar análisis sistemáticos, incluyendo estudios recientes sobre tecnología, gobernanza y eficiencia. Resultados: Los resultados revelan que las cooperativas más exitosas son aquellas que adoptan tecnología, mejoran su capacidad de negociación y diversifican productos. Además, se destaca el impacto positivo de la participación de las mujeres en la gobernanza y la importancia de la colaboración internacional. Conclusiones: las cooperativas no solo son económicas, sino también sociales y culturales, siendo vitales para el desarrollo rural sostenible.
Pluriactividad y reproducción social en localidades rurales de Ocosingo, Chiapas
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Fletes Ocón Héctor B. , Hernández Méndez Clara Carolina ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas
Published: January 2025

Este texto examina los cambios en las estrategias de reproducción social de las unidades familiares en tres localidades rurales (Abasolo, Tzajalá y Campo Virgen) del municipio de Ocosingo, Chiapas, ante la reestructuración política y económica alentada por el neoliberalismo desde la década de 1990, sobre todo la transición de una sociedad de productores agrícolas a una de trabajadores rurales. El artículo realiza una aportación en la literatura sobre los procesos de “desagrarización” del campo mexicano. Las localidades de estudio se caracterizan por un régimen de propiedad ejidal y el predominio de población indígena. Se encuentran sobre la carretera internacional San Cristóbal de las Casas-Palenque. Se analizó la diversidad de prácticas de reproducción social desarrolladas por las familias. Se trabajó con la estrategia de “triangulación metodológica”. El trabajo cualitativo examinó los cambios en las estrategias de reproducción social. Las experiencias de las familias entrevistadas se contrastaron con la información de bases de datos. La población de las localidades estudiadas ha demostrado una capacidad de adaptación y reproducción frente al proceso de reestructuración económica y política a través de la diversificación de sus fuentes de ingreso. Los cambios presentados en las actividades económicas y de organización de las familias han estado condicionados por factores de disponibilidad de tierra y mano de obra, situación del clima, la movilidad poblacional y el mercado de trabajo. La respuesta de las unidades familiares ha sido heterogénea en forma y temporalidad.
РОЗВИТОК НАВИЧОК КРИТИЧНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ УЧНІВ ЗЗСО НА УРОКАХ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ
Authors: Наталя Дмітренко , Франчук Наталія
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the problem of using technology for the development of students’ critical thinking skills at English lessons. Critical thinking is considered as a student’s ability to reason consistently, substantiate, and establish regular connections between objects and phenomena of the surrounding world, based on the non-contradiction of thinking, on the integrity of the image and the accuracy of the verbal expression of thought at English language classes. The authors of the article listed the signs of critical thinking skills (independence, information, social aspect, asking questions and clarifying problems that need to be solved, striving for convincing arguments), and also described the skills and abilities that a student needs for the development of critical thinking skills, in particular, the following: flexibility, willingness to plan, perseverance, willingness to correct mistakes, awareness, search for compromise solutions. The article characterizes the technology of development of critical thinking skills and describes in detail the stages of its implementation at English lessons. The following aspects are highlighted: goal setting, individualization of the educational trajectory and “fixation” of emerging considerations, familiarization and analysis of researched information in English, axiological activities (self-evaluation, mutual evaluation, discussion group), making a final verdict about the analyzed object or phenomenon. The authors developed a didactic cycle of the technology for the development of students’ critical thinking skills at English lessons, which involves three stages: challenge, comprehension, and reflection; gave examples of methods, techniques and tasks that can be used at each of the selected stages; outlined the requirements for the tasks: the problem in the task that causes intellectual difficulty, does not have one standard solution and requires analysis and synthesis; compliance of the conditions of the task with the set goals; accounting for the didactic principle of strength and accessibility; reliance of the student on the experience; activation of all students’ thinking strategies; student’s acceptance of his position as the subject of educational activity; availability of preliminary training, selection of materials; presence of the result of problematic activity; student’s reflection after solving a problematic task.
Миссионерская деятельность Тобольской епархии в отношении коренных народов Севера: к историографии вопроса
Authors: Кирпичев Игумен Антоний
Published: January 2025

В статье студента 2 курса магистратуры Московской духовной академии игумена Антония (Кирпичева) дается краткий обзор и характеристика источников, связанных с миссионерской деятельностью Тобольской епархии в отношении коренных народов Севера. Историография данной темы чрезвычайно обширна и предлагает богатый спектр точек зрения для изучения этого вопроса на основе разнообразных источников и материалов. Истоки историографии восходят к рассказам сибирских летописцев, первых исследователей Сибири, ученых, участвовавших в исследовательских экспедициях. Со временем она была развита сибирскими учеными, а затем подвергнута критическому анализу исследователями XX века, особенно советского периода. В историографической трактовке за эти годы произошел переход от первоначально идеалистических и позитивных представлений к более критическим оценкам, в конечном итоге уступившим место полностью негативным. Однако современные ученые приступили к более объективному и взвешенному пониманию этой темы. В историографии с момента ее зарождения и до настоящего времени произошел значительный сдвиг в интерпретациях. Современные исследователи предлагают более взвешенный и научно-обоснованный поход, однако динамичная эволюция историографии характеризуется сложностью и дискуссионностью данной темы.

The article by Hegumen Anthony (Kirpichev), a 2nd year Master's student of the Moscow Theological Academy, gives a brief review and characterization of sources related to the missionary activities of the Tobolsk diocese in relation to the indigenous peoples of the North. The historiography of this topic is extremely extensive and offers a rich spectrum of viewpoints for the study of this issue based on a variety of sources and materials. The origins of historiography go back to the stories of Siberian chroniclers, the first explorers of Siberia, and scientists who participated in research expeditions. Over time, it was developed by Siberian scientists, and then critically analyzed by researchers of the 20th century, especially the Soviet period. The historiographical treatment over the years shifted from initially idealistic and positive views to more critical assessments, eventually giving way to entirely negative ones. Modern scholars, however, have begun a more objective and balanced understanding of the subject. There has been a significant shift in interpretations in historiography from its inception to the present. Modern researchers offer a more balanced and scientifically based approach, but the dynamic evolution of historiography is characterized by the complexity and debatability of the topic.
Репрессии в Мелекесской епархии в 20-х – начале 30-х гг. XX века: особенности и предпосылки
Authors: Гурьянов П.С.
Published: January 2025

В данной статье рассматривается религиозная политика большевиков в Мелекесской епархии (Ульяновской области) в 30-е гг. ХХ века, особенностями гонений на православное духовенство и верующих. Автор анализирует предпосылки этих гонений, такие как трансформация религиозного ориентира в регионе, законодательство советской власти и поведение местных властей. Также изучается позиция Церкви в этот период, ее попытки отстоять свои права в рамках закона «О свободе совести». Исследование основывается на нормативно-законодательных актах, рассказывающих о политике большевиков по отношению к религии, а также на источниках, связанных с церковной жизнью в территории Мелекесской епархии. Автор отмечает агрессивность репрессий местных властей в отношении православного духовенства и активных верующих, а также реакцию самих церковных структур на эти действия. Исследование подчеркивает сложность религиозной ситуации внутри Православия, вызванную наличием различных оппозиционных групп, а также особым рвением местных властей. Представленные данные позволяют лучше понять характер религиозных гонений и их влияние на церковную жизнь Мелекесской епархии в период советской власти. Выводы статьи представлены на основе исследования доступных источников и позволяют оценить агрессивный характер религиозной политики большевиков в Мелекесской епархии в 30-е гг. ХХ века.

is article examines the religious policy of the Bolsheviks in the Melekeska-ya Diocese (Ulyanovsk region) in the 1930s, focusing on the persecution of the Orthodox clergy and believers. The author analyzes the reasons for these persecutions, such as the transforma-tion of the religious landscape in the region, Soviet legislation, and the behavior of local authori-ties. The position of the Church during this period is also studied, including its attempts to defend its rights within the framework of the law on freedom of conscience. The study is based on nor-mative and legislative acts that describe the Bolsheviks’ policy towards religion, as well as sourc-es related to the church life in the Melekeskaya Diocese. The author notes the aggressiveness of the repressions by local authorities against the Orthodox clergy and active believers, as well as the response of the Church structures to these actions. The research highlights the complexity of the religious situation within Orthodoxy, caused by the presence of various opposition groups and the zeal of local authorities. The presented data allows for a better understanding of the na-ture of religious persecution and its impact on the church life of the Melekeskaya Diocese during the Soviet era. The conclusions of the article are based on the study of available sources and pro-vide an assessment of the aggressive nature of the Bolsheviks’ religious policy in the Melekeska-ya Diocese in the 1930s
Effect of Sodium Butyrate Supplementation in Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
Authors: Nurul Fatimah  , Huda Verdian Aldi , Rio Yudufi Subhan  , Linuwih Aluh Prastiti  , Arif Faisal Siburian
Published: January 2025

Cultivation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) often encounters challenges, particularly in intensive farming systems, where low feed efficiency adversely affects growth performance. Therefore, solutions to enhance both growth and feed efficiency are required. One promising approach is the supplementation of butyric acid in feed. The benefits of butyric acid supplementation on growth performance and gut health in mammals and poultry have been well-documented. However, information on its effects on Nile tilapia remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects and determine the optimal dose of a microencapsulated sodium butyrate (30%) product on the production performance of Nile tilapia. The experiment was conducted over 75 days to assess production performance parameters. Feeding was carried out three times daily at 3-5% of body weight per day with commercial feed containing 25-30% protein. Sodium butyrate (30%) was added to the feed in the treatment ponds at doses of 0% (0 g/kg feed), 0.1% (1 g/kg feed), 0.2% (2 g/kg feed), and 0.3% (3 g/kg feed), with additional oil used as a binder. The results showed that supplementation of 30% sodium butyrate to the feed improved the growth performance of Nile tilapia, with the best results observed at a dose of 2 g/kg feed.
 
Budidaya ikan nila (Oreochromis sp.) kerap menghadapi tantangan, terutama dalam sistem pemeliharaan intensif, di mana efisiensi pakan yang rendah berdampak negatif pada pertumbuhan ikan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan solusi untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan. Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat dilakukan adalah suplementasi asam butirat dalam pakan. Manfaat suplementasi asam butirat terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan kesehatan saluran pencernaan pada mamalia dan unggas telah banyak dilaporkan. Namun, informasi mengenai efeknya pada ikan nila masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek dan menentukan dosis optimal produk sodium butirat mikroenkapsulasi (30%) terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila. Percobaan dilakukan selama 75 hari untuk mengukur parameter kinerja produksi. Pakan diberikan tiga kali sehari sebanyak 3-5% dari bobot tubuh per hari menggunakan pakan komersial dengan kandungan protein 25-30%. Sodium butirat (30%) ditambahkan ke pakan pada kolam perlakuan dengan dosis 0% (0 g/kg pakan), 0,1% (1 g/kg pakan), 0,2% (2 g/kg pakan), dan 0,3% (3 g/kg pakan), dengan tambahan minyak sebagai perekat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi sodium butirat (30%) dalam pakan meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila, dengan hasil terbaik diperoleh pada dosis 2 g/kg pakan.
Applying Internal Control Concepts Using Database Design: An Educational Case
Authors: Mascha Maureen Francis , Miller Cathleen L.
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses a project that incorporates internal controls concepts and Access database design. The project consists of two parts—a written exercise and the database table creation. In part one (the written exercise), students match fields, threats, data entry controls, and Access property controls for the sales order entry activity from the revenue cycle using the sales order as the transaction. In part two, students create two data file tables designed to prevent and detect errors and threats at the field level of internal controls for the sales order entry transaction. The written exercise significantly improved the overall project scores. The linking of fields, threats, data entry controls, and Access property controls led to better Access table development. We also measured the students' internal control knowledge before and after the project, finding that students' knowledge of general and specific internal controls improved after completing the project. They also improved their database knowledge of Access.
Epigenetic effects of four nutraceutical products on human liver cells
Authors: Davis Catherine , Davis Paul , Gubler Daniel
Published: January 2025

Background: There are numerous botanical extracts and fractions that have been shown to have a diverse range of bioactivities. Many nutraceutical products and food supplements contain phytochemicals - often multiple numbers of them as constituents of a single product. There is a paucity of data on the net bioactivities of these multi-component products. This paper reports the effects of four such products on the expression of six genes that are critical to the maintenance of good health.
Objectives: We investigated several products that contain a number of constituents derived from plant species as well as essential minerals on the biochemical activities of liver cells in culture. The combination of these bioactives into one product results in multiple strong biological effects. Examples of these are presented in this paper with a discussion of how the constituents have provided this effect.
Methods: The expression of six genes (ppar-α, glp-1, bdnf, sirt-1, nrf1, sod-1) in a human liver cell line (THLE-2 cells) were cultured for 24 hours in the presence of Vitalité, Reviv, Revíve and Collagène (products from THREE International). The RNA was isolated from these cells and from the control unsupplemented cells. The levels of transcripts of these genes in these isolates were measured by RT-PCR. The changes in the concentrations of the mRNA from the supplemented cells were compared with those from reference cells.
Results: Of the four products, Revíve boosted the transcription of the glp-1, the bdnf, the sirt-1, the nrf1, and the sod-1 genes. Éternel boosted the transcription of ppar-α, and the sod-1 genes. Vitalité increased the transcription of the glp-1, the bdnf, the nrf1, and the sod-1 genes. Collagène stimulated the expression of the bdnf, and the sod-1 genes. The use of nutraceutical products, either as a complement or as a substitute for pharmaceuticals, has been receiving increased attention for maintaining good health. These products are multi-component. Evidence for their clinical efficacy is frequently lacking. 
Conclusion: The results of this project provide evidence that the phytochemicals in the four products investigated can provide the bio-effects that regulate the expression of key genes that control fundamental essential metabolic activities and so can justify the claims made for them.
Keywords: Epigenetics, nutritional supplements, phytonutrients, liver health
Computationally Optimized ctDNA Surveillance for Recurrence Detection in HPV-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mohammadi Narges , Rosenberg Ari J , Izumchenko Evgeny G , Pearson Alexander T , Skandari M. Reza
Published: January 2025

IMPORTANCE: Early detection of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) recurrence in HPV-positive patients is crucial for improving survival rates and reducing treatment costs. Integrating circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing as part of post-treatment surveillance may enhance timely cancer recurrence detection, reduce false-positive rates, and lower overall costs.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate personalized, cost-effective post-treatment surveillance strategies that integrate ctDNA testing with established, computed tomography (CT) scans, with the goal of minimizing costs and treatment delays for HPV-positive HNSCC patients.

METHODS: We constructed a microsimulation model that optimizes the timing of ctDNA tests and generates testing schedules designed to achieve detection delays below specified thresholds at a minimum cost. The model was fit using n= 840 training data and validated using n= 447 external data. Six sub-populations were created based on the combination of cancer stage (AJCC 8th edition stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3) and smoking status (non-smoker and ever-smoker). The study compared the proposed ctDNA-based strategy with established clinical guidelines, as well as a strategy from the literature.

RESULTS: Our optimization model generated cost-effecive strategies for scheduling ctDNA tests for a range of detection delay tolerances (i.e., 3, 6, and 9 months) across the six subpopulations. The optimal ctDNA-based strategy demonstrated substantial cost savings, potentially reducing annual surveillance costs in the USA by at least $200 million compared to imaging-based guidelines, while matching an equal patient outcome of treatment delay. Additionally, a hypothetical scenario of monthly ctDNA testing, incurring comparable total cost to the existing guidelines’, offers a 32% reduction in treatment delay. The study also highlighted the growing importance of HPV-positive HNSCC surveillance, with the annual incidence projected to rise, further emphasizing the cost-saving potential of ctDNA integration.

CONCLUSION: Integrating ctDNA testing with traditional imaging methods for post-treatment surveillance of HPV-positive HNSCC patients offers a cost-effective strategy that minimizes surveillance costs and treatment delays. As the HPV-positive HNSCC population grows, the significance of the cost savings will increase. Future research should focus on the applicability of the developed strategy and their impact on patient survival and quality of life.
Social Capital and National Innovativeness – The Influence of Trust and Tolerance on the National Capacity to Innovate
Authors: Deckert Carsten , Schomaker Rahel , Albiez Philipp
Published: January 2025

While national innovativeness is of pivotal relevance for economic development, so far, relatively little attention has been paid to the social drivers of innovativeness. Thus, the role of social norms and values as drivers of innovativeness is somewhat blurry. Tackling this gap, the article at hand reflects the concepts of social capital, trust, and tolerance, before a model of social capital and innovativeness is developed and tested empirically, followed by the presentation and discussion of the results and a brief conclusion.
The Moral Responsibility of Designers Regarding AI: Protocol for a Meta-Aggregative Systematic Review
Authors: Bauer Cássio Henrique , Melo Magnus Ferreira de , Vianna dos Santos Flávio Anthero Nunes
Published: January 2025

This study presents a systematic review protocol to explore the moral responsibility of designers in the context of artificial intelligence (AI). The review synthesizes qualitative evidence to address the ethical implications of designer choices and their impact on the development, improvement, and use of AI systems, products, and services. By leveraging a meta-aggregative approach, the study examines key questions: What constitutes the moral responsibility of designers? How do ethical concerns in AI implicate designers, and what frameworks or considerations can guide their responsibilities? The protocol outlines a rigorous methodological process, including database searches, grey literature analysis, citation tracking, and quality assessments, employing tools such as EndNote, Rayyan, and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. The outcomes aim to inform actionable ethical frameworks, enhance design practices, and contribute to the broader discourse on responsible AI development. This research seeks to provide normative recommendations and clarify how designers can engage with ethical considerations to foster a morally robust vision for AI-integrated systems.