bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Antibody-based Rapid Diagnostic Test in Detecting Coronavirus Disease 2019: Systematic Review
Authors: Gracienta Tiara , Herardi Ryan , Santosa Frans , Pasiak Taufiq , Tjang Yanto
Published: May 2021

Introduction

The rapid transmission of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requires a fast, accurate, and affordable detection method. Despite doubts of its diagnostic accuracy, Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) is world-widely used in consideration for its practicality. This systematic review aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of antibody-based RDT in detecting COVID-19.

Material and methods

A literature search was carried out on five journal databases using the PRISMA-P 2015 method. We included all studies published up to February 2021. The risk of bias was evaluated using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies. Data regarding peer-review status, study design, tests kit information, immunoglobulin class, target antigen, and the number of samples were extracted and tabulated. We estimated the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) with a 95% confidence interval.

Results

Thirty-three studies met the eligibility criteria. The pooled data results showed that the combined detection method of IgM or IgG had the highest sensitivity and NPV, which were 73.41% (95% CI: 72.22-74.57) and 75.34% (95% CI: 74.51-76.16), respectively. The single IgG detection method had the highest specificity and PPV of 96.68% (95% CI: 96.25-97.07) and 95.97% (95% CI: 95.47-96.42%), respectively.

Conclusions

Antibody-based RDT is not satisfactory as a primary diagnostic test but has utilities as a screening tool.
Melatonin Enhances Chondrocytes Survival Through Hyaluronic Acid Production and Mitochondria Protection
Authors: Liu Zhi-Qiang , Wang Jingjing , Thapa Amrish , Xie Ying , Guo Jing , Li Xin , Jiang Hongmei , Wang Yixuan , Peng Ziyi , Wang Sheng , Wang Jingya , Li Xianhui , Ye Lingqun
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Melatonin, an indoleamine synthesized mainly in the pineal gland, plays a key role in regulating the homeostasis of bone and cartilage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are released during osteoarthritis (OA) and associated with cartilage degradation. Melatonin is a potent scavenger of ROS.

Material and methods

We used rat chondrocytes as a research objective in our study and investigated the effect of melatonin. We evaluated cell viability by MTS, cell apoptosis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP) by flow cytometry, hyaluronic acid (HA) concentrations by ELISA assay, relative gene and protein expression by RT-qPCR and WB assay, the subcellular location of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 and Rh-123 dye by immunofluorescence, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) by Seahorse equipment.

Results

MTS and flow cytometry assay indicated that melatonin prevented H2O2-induced cell death. Melatonin suppressed the expression of HAS1 both from mRNA and protein level in time- and dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, melatonin treatment attenuated the decrease in HA production in response to H2O2 stimulation and repressed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Melatonin significantly decreased the nuclear volume of p65 and inhibited the expression of p50 induced by H2O2. In addition, melatonin restored the MMP and OCR of mitochondria, exerted mitochondrial protection function.

Conclusions

Melatonin has a protective effect on chondrocytes, possibly by upregulating HA synthesis and inhibiting the NF-kB signaling.
Federated Identity Management (FIdM) Systems Limitation and Solutions
Authors: Aldosary Maha , Alqahtani Norah
Published: May 2021

Efficient identity management system has become one of the fundamental requirements for ensuring safe, secure, and transparent use of identifiable information and attributes. FIdM allows users to distribute their identity information across security domains which increase the portability of their digital identities. However, it also raises new architectural challenges and significant security and privacy issues that need to be mitigated. In this paper, we presented the limitations and risks in Federated Identity Management system and discuss the results and proposed solutions.
Informative Multimodal Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation
Authors: Doan Tien Tai , Ghyselinck Guillaume , Hanczar Blaise
Published: May 2021

We propose a new method of multimodal image translation, called InfoMUNIT, which is an extension of the state-of-the-art method MUNIT. Our method allows controlling the style of the generated images and improves their quality and diversity. It learns to maximize the mutual information between a subset of style code and the distribution of the output images. Experiments show that our model cannot only translate one image from the source domain to multiple images in the target domain but also explore and manipulate features of the outputs without annotation. Furthermore, it achieves a superior diversity and a competitive image quality to state-of-the-art methods in multiple image translation tasks.
A Study of Regression Testing for Trade me Website
Authors: Manishkumar Patel Kenil , Ali Shahid
Published: May 2021

Regression testing plays a critical role to verify the functionality testing of a product. Trade Me is New Zealand based website. It is one of the major websites in New Zealand dealing in buying and selling online. The aim of this research is to find out the functionalities of Trade Me website after injecting new features. Automation regression suite is used to execute test scripts which helped the company to save time and cost compared to manual testing. Automation regression test suite also helped to prioritize test cases are designed in such a way that it can maximize the fault detection. For research analysis scrum methodology is used to meet the ultimate desires of software development companies and to increase the client satisfaction.
Analyzing the Performance of the Palestine Stock Exchange and Enhancing its Role in Attracting Foreign Investments
Authors: Abuamsha Mohammad
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to analyze the performance of the Palestine Stock Exchange and its role in attracting foreign investments. The study used the descriptive and analytical approach. The study reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity to provide the investment environment by providing the legislative, economic, legal, and security environments, such as the companies' law, competition, etc. As well as providing sound economic and financial policies to achieve long-term development by encouraging and motivating companies that not listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange to list their shares. That is to increase market depth and enhance its confidence although the law forces them to do so. The study also found a slight development in its performance despite achieving high returns, as the profitability rate was recorded at 300% in the year 2009, and the market value and trading volume increased by more than 45%. As for the Jerusalem index, it has witnessed an increase since 2004. It fluctuated slightly after 2004.
Investigating the Influence of Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneur's Life
Authors: Gholami Maryam , Al Tahoo Lameea
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to explore the influence of entrepreneurship on some aspects of entrepreneur's life. Life aspects selected to be examined included personal growth, social relation, and family life. The study has adopted quantitative approaches. Survey design were quantitative data was collected via a self-administrated questionnaire, which was piloted and distributed among female entrepreneurs. Sample included 97 young entrepreneurs participated in the study through convenient sampling. Responders were required to rank their perceptions of the influence of entrepreneurship on entrepreneur’s life based on five –point Likert scale. Results were analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and general mean, as well as simple regression were used in the data analysis process. The results of the study found that entrepreneurship has influenced personal growth, social relations and family life of entrepreneurs with personal growth being the most influence.
Mecanismos de resiliencia social en micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas rurales. Una propuesta metodológica, para después de tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Núñez Espinoza Juan Felipe , Olivares Rosas Nubia Mayte , López Díaz Nancy Minet
Published: May 2021

La pandemia COVID-19 desestructuró las cadenas mundiales de suministros agroalimentarios, afectando a todas las empresas rurales locales. Con este trabajo, se propone resignificarlas como estructuras sociales generadoras de capacidades hetero-reactivas de vinculación e innovación social, con el objetivo de buscar estrategias de recuperación del tejido social de las economías locales rurales. Para esto, se utilizó el análisis de redes sociales. Los resultados evidenciaron distintas composiciones en las fuentes de recursos e insumos sociales. Se concluyó que estas estructuras de vinculación permiten identificar estrategias de resiliencia para el sector agroalimentario mexicano.
MOSEV: a global burn severity database from MODIS (2000–2020)
Authors: Alonso-González Esteban , Fernández-García Víctor
Published: May 2021

Abstract. To make advances in the fire discipline, as well as in the study
of CO2 emissions, it is of great interest to develop a global database
with estimators of the degree of biomass consumed by fire, which is defined
as burn severity. In this work we present the first global burn severity
database (MOSEV database), which is based on Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance and burned area (BA) products
from November 2000 to near real time. To build the database we combined
Terra MOD09A1 and Aqua MYD09A1 surface reflectance products to obtain dense
time series of the normalized burn ratio (NBR) spectral index, and we used
the MCD64A1 product to identify BA and the date of burning. Then, we
calculated for each burned pixel the difference of the NBR (dNBR) and its
relativized version (RdNBR), as well as the post-burn NBR, which are the most
commonly used burn severity spectral indices. The database also includes the
pre-burn NBR used for calculations, the date of the pre- and post-burn NBR,
and the date of burning. Moreover, in this work we have compared the burn
severity metrics included in MOSEV (dNBR, RdNBR and post-burn NBR) with the
same ones obtained from Landsat-8 scenes which have an original resolution
of 30 m. We calculated the Pearson's correlation coefficients
and the significance of the relationships using 13 pairs of Landsat scenes
randomly distributed across the globe, with a total BA of 6904 km2 (n=32 163). Results showed that MOSEV and Landsat-8 burn severity indices
are highly correlated, particularly the post-burn NBR (R=0.88; P<0.001), and dNBR (R=0.74; P<0.001) showed stronger
relationships than RdNBR (R=0.42; P<0.001). Differences between
MOSEV and Landsat-8 indices are attributable to variability in reflectance
values and to the different temporal resolution of both satellites (MODIS:
1–2 d; Landsat: 16 d). The database is structured according to the
MODIS tiling system and is freely downloadable at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4265209 (Alonso-González and
Fernández-García, 2020).
O pensamento decolonial como estratégia de enfrentamento ao racismo estrutural no contexto escolar
Authors: Raposo Patricia Lorena , Almeida Roberta Santos de , Santos Simone Cabral Marinho dos
Published: May 2021

Este artigo, de caráter teórico, busca problematizar abordagens conceituais de rompimento com o silenciamento epistêmico no espaço de ensino quanto à cultura e à história afro-brasileiras no espaço escolar, a partir do enfrentamento político-legal. Discute-se o processo de inferiorização social da população negra sob o viés conceitual de racismo proposto por Almeida (2018), ao situá-lo em condições estruturais da sociedade. Como alternativa epistemológica, traz-se a síntese cultural de Paulo Freire (2005) para relacionar o pensamento decolonial ao ensino antirracista. Esses construtos teóricos dão conta de apresentar alternativas para enfrentar a dinâmica do racismo e suas formas de manifestação no espaço escolar. Em reação à quebra de fenômenos que edificaram as situações e as condições do racismo estrutural no Brasil, dispositivos legais como a Lei No 10.639/2003 e a Lei No 11.645/2008 buscam coibir o racismo reproduzido institucionalmente na escola.
Editorial
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: May 2021

In his book Guns, Germs and Steel (1998), Pulitzer prize winner Jared Diamond argues that one of the reasons that different people have different histories is the differences in their environments. It is the environment that largely determined the culture and society of a people-whether they became warriors, were peace loving, became hunter gatherers or farmers. Giving the example of the people inhabiting isolated Polynesian islands in the Pacific Ocean, he points out that the fates of people inhabiting these islands, particularly the Maoris and the Morioris, were sealed by the environment in which they evolved.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Designed from Ocimum sanctum for Purification of Waste Water.
Authors: Dagar Shivani , Shah Ishika , Kumari Kirti , Pal Kiran , Batra Narula Gita , Soni Kiran
Published: May 2021

Green nanotechnology and its utility in synthesis of nanoparticles is an area of significant research intertest. For this project, synthesis of copper nanoparticles was done using Ocimum sanctum extract. Copper nanoparticles are gaining more attention in the field of agriculture, sensor, organic reactions, water purification etc. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Method used for the synthesis of stable copper nanoparticles is rapid and ecofriendly. As we know, our river water is getting polluted mostly by waste coming out from our industries. Copper nanoparticles prepared by leaf extract are not hazardous to our environment. We have conducted our study by using Methylene blue dye (MB) and Rhodamine B (Rh B) dye. We have also studied the dye degradation reactions by using UV visible spectrophotometer.
Social Media and the Mobilization of Collective Action on Sexual Violence against Women: A Case Study of the ‘#MeToo’ Movement in India
Authors: Sonkar Madhulika , Soorma Ishita , Akanksha Sreshtha
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to understand the role of social media in furthering the movement against and conversations about sexual harassment. By exploring the narratives and responses of young women in Indian metropolitans after the widely popular #MeToo campaign, this paper attempts to examine the role of social media sites such as Twitter, Instagram and Facebook in rallying the women’s rights movement in India. It is a follow up to understand the impact of the #MeToo campaign that emerged in the West encouraging women globally to recount and speak up against experiences of sexual harassment and rape. What does ‘MeToo’ signify for women in India?
Representing the LGBTQ+ Community: A Study of Indian and American Popular Culture in the Last Decade
Authors: Ajay Amrita , Manukriti Ms. , Mehraj Maumil
Published: May 2021

Two discourses merit discussion in popular culture today: society’s attitude to alternate gender identities of the LGBTQ+ spectrum, and whether forms of mass media should bear the social responsibility of equal representation for all. The conversation hinges on how society represents its gender/sexual minorities, and what that, in turn, reflects about the said society. This paper is a cross-cultural examination of these aspects in American and Indian popular cinema and web-series of the last decade. Through a close cultural analysis of select movies and webseries, the status of queer acceptance in both these countries, the secondary areas that the productions engage with, and the gender-roles assigned to queer couples have been examined. This paper argues that there are overarching similarities between the Indian and the American productions in terms of their choice of actors, the internal dilemmas of the characters represented, and their strong ‘educational’ intent. However, despite the global dominance of American mass culture, Indian representations and their reception by the audience also shows important deviations.
Post Harvest Treatment for Preserving Antioxidant Properties and Total Phenolic Content of Tomatoes and Litchis.
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Roy Brototi , Jaldhi Ms. , Mishra Shruti , Garg Rashi
Published: May 2021

Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants and polyphenols that help in prevention of many disorders like noncommunicable and degenerative diseases. However, they are highly susceptible to bacterial and fungal spoilage. In light of this, the present study aims to quantify the loss of antioxidant properties of litchis and tomatoes stored in the refrigerator for 21 days and to explore the protective effect of UV-C and hot water immersion treatment (HWT) to prevent, or atleast reduce, the effect of storage. Interestingly, both the treatments were able to reduce the loss of antioxidant properties in stored tomatoes, whereas, UV-C and HWT completely abrogated the storageinduced loss of antioxidant properties in litchis.
Carbon Footprint as Climate Change Disclosure – Opportunities for Performance Improvement
Authors: Chopra Haritma , Goel Pooja , Shimrah Tuisem , Gandhi Pinkey Bajaj , Ghuriani Veena , Baweja Pooja
Published: May 2021

Carbon Footprint refers to the potential climate impact (Global Warming) due to Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emitted directly or indirectly owing to an organization’s activities. A climate change disclosure of any educational institution must be studied so that its key emission sources can be identified and necessary mitigation measures be adopted for carbon reduction. An assessment based on the same was carried out at Maitreyi College, a constituent of the University of Delhi. The emissions were reported from college-owned facilities, indirect energy emissions from electricity, travel and solid waste generation. Consequently, some measures for efficient power consumption and management of waste were suggested to the college management in order for them to set a target for carbon reduction in the upcoming years. The benefits of the project will manifest in substantial utility cost reduction across the campus in the coming years, and will lead to both financial as well as environmental sustainability of the institution.
Comparative Genomic and Phylogenetic Analysis of Spike and Nucleocapsid Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and 9 Other Taxonomically Related Coronaviruses using in-Silico Tools
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Srishti Ms. , Sharma Shubhangi
Published: May 2021

The world is witnessing a global pandemic due to COVID-19 disease, which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2. It is an enveloped ss-RNA virus, in which spike and nucleoprotein genes play an important role in the pathogenesis of Covid-19. Spike protein is required for attachment of virus to the host cell receptor, while nucleoprotein is important for replication of viral genome. Keeping this perspective in mind, we investigated nucleoprotein (N) and spike (S) genes in SARS-CoV-2 and 9 other taxonomically related coronaviruses using in-silico tools. The results obtained from our comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis provided important evidences about how these organisms are evolutionarily related to each other. We found that N and S genes of these organisms were more adapted to the host (Homo Sapiens) and also found evidences for negative pervasive selection at different sites in the compared protein sequences of these genes. Thus, this study will help in understanding the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in fine details.
Back Inside The Lakshman Rekha: Impact of Covid-19 Lockdown on Middle-Class Working Women In Delhi-NCR
Authors: Chilana Richa , Sabri Alfisha , Purwar Palak
Published: May 2021

Space plays a key role in the dynamic process of creating and regulating identities and roles, particularly those of gender. In the binary between public and private, the private (or the domestic space) is often relegated to the margins of discourse. When the world is grappling with a pandemic and confined to private space, there is an even more urgent need to assess the impact on men and women separately, the lack of which conceals the prevalent gender inequality. Drawing on the theoretical tools of space and labour in association with women, this research article focuses on the gendered impact of the pandemic by looking at the predicament of middle-class working women in Delhi-NCR and the possible reinstatement of the ‘Lakshman Rekha’ in their lives. The project, by focussing on women, engages with the intermeshing of personal and professional spaces, the social and economic impact on middle-class working women, and how the pandemic has laid bare the already flawed system of our society.
Living on the Margins: An interpretative study of Sanitation Workers amidst COVID-19
Authors: Chugh Anmol , Bisht Anjali , Sarma Nikita , Koushik Subhangki , Harsana Pawan , Khan Sana
Published: May 2021

This paper deals with the inhuman ordeal of sanitation workers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. It begins with the assessment of historical conditions such as the caste system, responsible for the marginalization and grave humiliation of manual scavengers in contemporary India. It is difficult for them to break away from their jobs because of the caste system which traditionally dictates the person’s occupation. As a result, the ongoing COVID19 pandemic has further disenfranchised their state, forcing them to work at the forefront, clearing toxic waste without basic protective gear. This inclines towards the dangerous effects on the health of the sanitation workers and the urgent need to highlight their plight in the mainstream media. The paper also discusses labour laws and political measures of upliftment to understand the constitutional provisions. Certainly, the ideals of equality and justice do not stand closer to truth in the face of the miserable condition of manual scavengers amidst COVID19.
专案管理于校园摇滚音乐节的应用
Authors: 金 巧玲 , 周 明敏 , 曾 俊杰
Published: May 2021

为了丰富大学生的课外生活，鼓励同学们尽情释放激情与才华的目的，我校计划于一个半月内，以不超过200,000元的预算，举办一场校园摇滚音乐节。由于校园音乐节活动流程较为复杂，项目资金费用较高，本文将运用专案管理相关的知识，希望更有效地对此次活动进行管理。本文主要从时间管理、成本管理和风险管理这三个部分进行探讨。在进行专案任务描述之后，制作了责任矩阵，创建了WBS工作分解结构和作业划分表。在时间管理方面做了AON网络图，在进行时间估算之后确定了关键路径，以达到优化工期、提高效率的目的。在成本管理方面制作了管制账户，将复杂的项目预算分解成更小的预算项目，以便更好地进行单独个别预算的监控。风险管理部分主要是输出风险登记册，记录风险项、各个风险项的可能性和影响以及风险的对策。在有限资源的约束下，本文运用系统的方法和理论，对项目涉及的全部工作进行有效的管理，从项目决策开始到项目结束的全过程进行计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制和评价，以实现项目的目标。
韩综节目输出的经济效应分析及对华启示
Authors: 吴 采霞 , 廖 汶钊
Published: May 2021

韩国综艺节目开始于1961年，经过近60年的发展，如今进入了繁荣发展时期。2013年，随着韩综节目在我国的大热，韩国文化得到更广泛的传播，给韩国经济带来了一系列积极的拉动效应。越来越多的人通过接触韩综节目认识韩国、了解韩国，进而产生购买韩国消费品的欲望，拉动韩国经济增长。本文简要回顾了韩国综艺节目的发展过程，以韩综节目出口产生的经济效应为研究对象，经过对韩国综艺节目、广播电视产业、国家政策以及文化传播的分析，得到韩综节目出口产生经济效应的原因。紧接着，介绍了韩综节目对我国的输出概况，以说明韩综节目对我国综艺节目发展产生的影响，并结合我国综艺节目的发展情况，对比得出我国存在的问题，提出对我国综艺节目发展和文化输出的建议。
旅游移动电商平台的顾客忠诚度研究
Authors: 张 菊香
Published: May 2021

随着互联网的高度普及和旅游业的良好发展，旅游移动电商平台应运而生。本文以去哪儿网为研究样本，根据国内外的文献资料，构建了旅游移动电商平台的顾客忠诚度模型。通过SPSS22.0对数据进行实证分析，得出操作简易性、互动性、信息准确性、服务及时性、页面美观性、低价性、隐私保护性对顾客满意度及顾客忠诚度均具有显著正向影响的结论。并据此提出旅游移动电商平台应简化操作流程的繁琐性、优化页面的美观度、增强产品价格的优惠力度、完善个人隐私的保护措施等建议。
网络口碑与品牌形象在会展营销中对购买意愿的影响
Authors: 黄 瑜 , 曾 伦崇
Published: May 2021

会展网络营销是会展企业整体战略的重要组成部分，是为实现企业总体经营目标所进行的，以互联网信息技术为基础手段，进而营造网上经营环境的各种活动；网络口碑营销则是指企业在建立品牌的过程中，将口碑营销与网络营销有机结合起来的一种新的营销模式。本研究首先对相关文献进行回顾，介绍网络口碑与品牌形象相关研究，进而构建网络口碑、品牌形象与购买意愿在会展营销的研究模型，并通过问卷发放进行调查，再经过SPSS24.0对问卷进行描述性统计分析、信度效度分析、相关分析、回归分析、方差分析以得出结论：第一，网络口碑对购买意愿有显著正向影响；第二，品牌形象对购买意愿有显著影响不成立；第三，不同年龄对购买意愿有差异，并依此结论提出建议暨后续研究方向。
Occupational Health Risk among Selected Cement Factory Workers in Dang District of Nepal
Authors: Pandeya Pawan , Mishra Durga Khadka , Khanal Shankar Prasad
Published: May 2021

Background: The health risks was reported in the cement industry in various study conducted in different settings. This study aimed to assess the occupational health risks among cement factory workers of Dang district of Nepal.
Methods: A cross-sectional study in 212 workers was conducted in Samrat Cement Company and Sonapur Minerals and Oils of Dang district in between July, 2019 to January 2020 using structured questionnaire. Proportionate stratified random sampling was used for participant selection. The collected information was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed.
Results: Of 212 workers, the respiratory and musculoskeletal health risks were reported by 13.2% and 22.2% of factory workers, respectively. About 29.2% were smokers. Two-third (66%) had poor knowledge of Occupational Health and Safety related questions and 17.9% had poor practice to prevent respiratory problems. Smokers (p=0.004) and access to safety measures (p=0.008) were significantly associated with respiratory problems. Educational status (p=0.021), work shift (p=0.022) and first aid availability (p=0.009) were statistically significant with musculoskeletal health risk.
Conclusion: Low occupational health risk and low knowledge was reported by cement factory workers. Special protection to workers above 40 years and declaring the cement factory as smoking restricted area could minimize respiratory risk. Access to and condition of safety devices need to be monitored by factory administration. Behavior change communication and safety orientation could help the workers use safety devices.

Key words: Occupational health risk, respiratory health risk, musculoskeletal health risk, knowledge, practice, cement factory workers.
Estimation of Stature from Upper Arm Length
Authors: Shakya Tripti , Mishra Deepshikha , Pandey Prabesh
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Reconstruction of stature from long bones of the upper extremity is of great medico-legal relevance. Upper arm length (UAL) estimate stature with reasonable accuracy and is reliable factor for predicting stature. There is a strong relationship between stature and UAL and many sets of linear equation have been developed which are easiest and reliable methods for predicting relation between stature and body segments. These derived regression equations are population specific and cannot be applied in other populations. Studies on UAL for estimation of stature is lacking among Nepalese population. Hence, present study was conducted to investigate relationship between stature and UAL and to formulate regression formula for estimation of stature from UAL among Nepalese population.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 attendees of patient visiting male and female clinic in Patan hospital, Nepal. Among 150 participants 75 were male and 75 were female. In present study stature, right and left upper arm length was measured. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was calculated. Regression equation was formulated for reconstruction of stature from upper arm length of both sides as well as for both male and female separately.
Result: All the measured parameters i.e. stature, right upper arm length and left upper arm length were higher in male than female (p<0.001). Strong positive correlation was found between stature and UAL in both males and females thereby indicating that stature can be estimated from UAL.
Conclusion: UAL is a reliable body parameter for predicting stature. It can be of great help to anatomists, clinicians and anthropologists.

Key words: Stature, upper arm length, correlation coefficient and regression equation.
A Comparison of Effect of Semi Fowler’s and Side Lying Position on Pulmonary Functions and Oxygen Saturation in Bedridden Patients
Authors: Patel Pooja , Shah Sweety
Published: May 2021

Background: Body positioning is prescribed to optimize cardiopulmonary functions. Positioning helps to improve lung function and oxygen saturation in patients who are bedridden for longer duration. The aim of the present study is comparing semi fowler’s position to side lying position (right and left side lying).
Method: Thirty bedridden subjects who were haemodynamically stable were included in the study. Out of them three groups were made in which first group was given semi fowler’s position, second group was given left side lying and third group was given right side lying position. Patients have to maintain this position for 30 minutes.
Outcome measure: FVC, FEV1, RR and SPO2 were taken before and after positioning which are objective measure of lung function and oxygen saturation respectively. Parameters were compared before and after positioning and between groups by non-parametric tests.
Result: shows significant difference between before and after within groups. When each of these sides lying position were compared to semi fowler’s positions, semi fowler’s position was found to be more effective in improving pulmonary functions and oxygen saturation.

Key words: Semi Fowler’s, Side Lying, Positioning, Pulmonary Functions, Oxygen Saturation.
Effect of Abdominal Curls on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in Middle Age Females
Authors: Modi Shweta , Shah Sweety
Published: May 2021

Background: The lifestyle and pollution has direct impact on the respiratory system in patients as well as normal individuals. Abdominal muscles are expiratory muscles which help in forceful expiration. It was assumed that abdominal muscle exercises improve the strength of abdominal muscles.
Objective: The aim of this study was to see the influence of abdominal muscle exercises on peak expiratory flow rate in middle-aged women. Any normal person may benefit from abdominal muscle exercises to increase peak expiratory flow rate, which enhances quality of life.
Methods: Experimental study included 15 females between age 35-55 years randomly selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. They performed upper abdominal strengthening exercises (abdominal curls- 10 repetitions) for 15 days consecutively.
Outcome measure used was PEFR measured before and after intervention. Peak Flow Meter device was used in this study to measure Peak Expiratory Flow Rate. Paired ‘t’ test was used to analyze the data.
Results: Data of 15 subjects were analyzed. After 15 days of abdominal muscle exercises, the results revealed a highly significant increase in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate.
Conclusion: Abdominal muscle exercises enhanced Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in middle age females

Key words: Abdominal muscle exercises, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, middle age females.
Clinical and Demographic Predictors of Mortality due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jain Ayushi Rajkumar , Prakash Doss , Swamy Sheetal
Published: May 2021

The alarming statistics of COVID-19 surges up in 2021 throwing an enormous burden on the healthcare system across the world. According to WHO reports on 14th April 2021, globally 136,996,364 confirmed COVID-19 cases are reported across the continents, including 2,951,832 deaths. The state of Maharashtra reported the maximum number of cases of India including high mortality rate. This study was conducted to identify and describe the relation of different predictors (Age, gender, duration of hospital stay, presence of co morbidities) of mortality among the COVID-19 deceased patients by retrospectively analyzing the medical case records of 121 patients from a dedicated COVID hospital at Aurangabad from July 2020 to December 2020. Chi-square test was performed to assess the association between causes of death with different cluster of variables and their significance. This study helps us to identify risk factors that show association between various predictors and mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. Out of 121 deaths, 96 (79%) were male, 61 (49.6%) were in age group between 60-79 years, ARDS was one of the major complication in the deceased patients accounting 29.8% and cardio respiratory arrest was the common cause of death among the deceased patients with 85%. It was also observed that mortality rate was very higher in the initial five days of hospitalization with critical care support. Our result findings provide clinical inferences for physicians to identify high-risk factors with COVID-19 at a very early stage.

Key words: COVID-19, Mortality rate, Demographic predictors, Co-morbidities, Cardio respiratory arrest.
Comparison of Muscle Energy Technique vs Mulligan to Improve Gird in District Level Cricket Bowlers
Authors: Kini Kimaya Vinod , Rathod Deepali , Kumar Ajay
Published: May 2021

Background: Cricket bowlers often have to perform overhead throwing due to which in the dominant arm, compared with the nondominant arm the magnitude of glenohumeral internal rotation is decreased and magnitude of external rotation is increased. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficits (GIRD) are deficits of internal rotation and total arc of motion in the dominant side which is common in overhead athletes including cricket bowlers. Hence the aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of muscle energy technique vs mulligan in patients with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit.
Methodology: 30 patients were included in the study which was divided into two groups; Group A with 15 patients and Group B with 15 patients.30 cricket bowlers with presence of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit were selected. Before application of muscle energy technique and mulligan active shoulder range of motion using full scale goniometer was taken. Treatment was given for 4 weeks, 6 sessions per week. All patients were given hotpacks and stretching for internal rotators before treatment. The difference of pre and post was then calculated. The data was statistically analysed using paired t-test.
Results: Mulligan mobilization and met are both effective in improving glenohumeral internal rotation deficit in 4 weeks.
Conclusion: Mulligan mobilization and met helps to improve glenohumeral internal rotation deficit almost with same margin.

Key words: cricket bowlers, Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, mulligan, Met
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in HIV-Infected Adults in Nyeri County, Kenya
Authors: Kamuhu Regina , Mugendi Beatrice , Kimiywe Judith
Published: May 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is currently second, after cancer, as the most frequent cause of death among HIV-positive subjects in areas of the world where Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is widely available. The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiovascular disease markers in HIV-infected adults attending comprehensive care clinic in Nyeri Level- 5- Hospital. The results are based on a sample of 85 participants that randomly selected for an intervention study with two study arms. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze all study variables. Relationships between all and individual CVD risk factors were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Criterion for statistical significance was at p < 0.05 and 90% power of test. Twenty nine percent of the respondents were aged fifty years and above while 48.2% were between 40-49 years. Only 5.9% of the respondents smoked while 8.2% drunk alcohol. Twenty seven percent (27.1%) had low physical activity while 24.7% had obesity class I (30-34.9), 8.2% had obesity class II (35-39.9) while 1.5% had obesity class III (> 40). Another 31.8% were overweight (25-29.9). 28.2% had hypertension stage I (140-159) and another 11.8% had hypertension stage II (>160). Twenty two percent (22.4%) had high total cholesterol (>6.2), while 34.1% had high serum triglycerides (2.25-5.6) and another 4.7% had very high serum LDL-C (>4.91). Framingham’s risk score was used to determine the 10-year risk of developing a coronary heart disease. Majority of the participants (60%) had low (<10%) 10-year risk of coronary heart disease at the baseline. There is a high prevalence of hypertension and overweight/obesity among HIV+ patients.

Key words: Cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular risk score, lipid profile, Framingham risk score.
Drug Review on Siddha Drug - Thirikadugadhi Mandooram
Authors: M Shakthi Priya , G Essakky Pandian
Published: May 2021

Siddha system is an oldest system of traditional medicine originating in ancient Tamilnadu in South India. In Siddha system, medicine includes the herbal products, inorganic substances and animal products that lead to different formulations ranging from low shelf life drug to high shelf life drug. Thirikadugadhi Mandooram is a poly herbo-mineral formulation used to treat Anaemia, Jaundice, Anasarca, Fever, Tuberculosis. This review describes the phytochemicals, pharmacological action and medicinal uses of the part of each ingredient used in this formulation. Ingredients of the formulation and their pharmacological action in various research studies are discussed in this review. The details were collected from different Siddha texts and electronic databases. In conclusion the results of the review revealed that the pharmacological action and the medicinal uses of drug were perfectly matched with each ingredients of formulation.

Key words: Siddha system, Thirikadugadhi Mandooram, review.
Matematika Bisnis Untuk Pemula
Authors:   Dosen Manajemen dan Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Borneo Tarakan., Azis Muh. Irfandy
Published: May 2021

Matematika merupakan cabang ilmu yang kerap kali dihindari oleh orang-orang yang padahal dengan mempelajari ilmu matematika sangat diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan beberapa permasalahan atau persoalan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satunya adalah permasalahan ekonomi khususnya permasalahan bisnis. Melalui buku ini, diharapkan dapat menyampaikan bahwa belajar matematika itu sangat mudah. Setiap materi dan submateri dibahas secara secara singkat dan dilengkapi dengan contoh soal dan penyelesaiannya sehingga mahasiswa akan lebih mudah memahaminya. Selain itu, terdapat banyak soal untuk latihan sehingga pemahaman materi dan submateri akan semakin mendalam.
Aplikasi Microsoft Excel Pada Program Titrasi Volumetri
Authors:   Dosen FKIP Universitas Syiah Kuala, Khaldun Ibnu
Published: May 2021

Biasanya Microsoft Excel digunakan untuk mengolah database dalam bentuk perhitungan ataupun dalam bentuk grafik dalam bidang statistika dan matematika. Dalam buku ini diperkenalkan aplikasi Microsoft Excel untuk keperluan titrasi asam-basa yang interaktif. Bagaimana cara membuat program titrasi asam-basa yang interaktif dijelaskan secara terperinci dan dilengkapi contoh-contoh soal dan aplikasinya. Mudah-mudahan buku ini bermanfaat untuk mencerdaskan pengetahuan anak bangsa tentang kimia, khususnya kimia larutan dan aplikasinya dalam titrasi asam-basa.
Aplikasi Metode Penetapan Kadar Rutin Parasetamol PT. Kimia Farma, Tbk Secara HPLC pada Sediaan Tablet Generik dan Bermerek di Medan
Authors: Suprianto Suprianto , Syamsul Darwin , Harfiansyah Muhammad Deddy
Published: May 2021

Parasetamol merupakan salah satu obat yang bersifat analgesik dan antipiretik, yang diproduksi sebagai obat generik maupun bermerek. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui mutu berdasarkan kadar parasetamol dalam sediaan tablet generik dan bermerek yang beredar di Medan. Penelitian menggunakan HPLC Alliance e2696 Detector UV/Visible 2489, Column µ Bondapak TM C-18: 10 µm 125A 3,9x300 mm, Spektrofotometer UV-Vis Agilent 8453. Metode yang digunakan merupakan metote penetapan kadar rutin parasetamol PT. Kimia Farma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar parasetamol dalam sediaan tablet sebesar 97,05% - 106,04%, sesuai Farmakope Indonesia Edisi V, tidak kurang dari 90% dan tidak lebih dari 110%.
Immunomodulatory activity of Alcoholic extracts of Tinospora cordifolia Stem
Authors: Kumar Biradar Sanjiv , Tyagi Chandra Kishore
Published: May 2021

Tinospora cordifolia is a plant well known for its medicinal value in Indian ayurveda and Indian traditional medicine system. However, to prove its efficiency for the clinical utilization, more experimental data will be beneficial. In the present investigation, evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of the alcoholic extracts of Tinospora cordifolia stem on various in-vivo experimental models such as neutrophil adhesion test, phagocytic index by carbon clearance test, Hemagglutinating antibody (HA) titre and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. The evaluation of immunomodulatory potential by oral administration of alcoholic stem extracts (50, 100, 200 and 300mg/kg b.w, p.o) evoked a significant increase in percent neutrophil adhesion to nylon fibers as well as a dose dependent increased in antibody titre values, and potentiated delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells and significant response towards phagocytosis in carbon clearance assay (*p<0.05, *p<0.01, ***p<0.001). This may be due to concentrations of active phytochemicals present in particular plant extract. Hence, it was concluded that the plant extracts increased humoral as well as cell mediated immunity.
Generalized Correlation for the Physical and Psychometric Properties of Chlorodifluromethane
Authors: Ismail Natheer Nori
Published: May 2021

Chlorodifluoromethane  is used as pure or in mixture for refrigeration (medium-high temperatures). It is also used as a blowing agent for extruded polystyrene and polyurethane foams and a component in sterilant gas mixtures. A new generalized correlation for the physical and psychometric properties of liquid Chlorodifluromethane as a function to temperature are introduced, Equation (1). The new correlation was statistically compared with those previously presented and found to be :

 

        … (1)

Where :

A, B, C and D are the property constants,

T is the temperature in degrees centigrade.
Effect of soil resistivity on the design of sacrificial anode cathodic protection system
Authors: Abdulamer Dheya N.
Published: May 2021

In this research, the effect of soil resistivity on the sacrificial cathodicprotection of a pipeline steel of oil was studied. Sufficient sacrificial cathodicprotection could be obtained at various soil resistivty for different types ofanodes. High current output (2.98, 2.38 and 8.33 Amps) of Zn, Al and Mganodes respectively, are obtained at 25 ohms.cm soil resistivity. Simultaneous,for the same conditions, low numbers and large weights of anodes are requiredto satisfy protection
استثمار الحقول النفطية وأثرها في البيئة الزراعية في محافظة البصرة
Authors: ياسين د.بشرى رمضان
Published: May 2021

ان نمو النشاط ألاقتصادي وما رافقه من تطور تكنولوجي وابتكار تقنيات حديثة لأستثمار الموارد الطبيعية ادى الى التأثير السلبي على البيئة وبالتالي اختلال التوازن البيئي ، لذا يهدف البحث الى معرفة اثر استثمار الحقول النفطية والغاز على البيئة الزراعية في محافظة البصرة.

اعتمد البحث على الدراسة الميدانية ، ونتائج تحاليل  نماذج من الترب والمياه مختبريآ للكشف عن تراكيز الملوثات النفطية القريبة من مزارع الزبير ،  والحصول على البيانات من الدوائر ذات العلاقة بالموضوع ، وألأطلاع على المصادر المكتبية .
Synthesis of Biopolymers by Condensed Histidine Imide Derivatives with Some Acid Anhydride and Their Crosslink with Acrylonitrite
Authors: M.A Dr. Firyal. , M. Assel K.
Published: May 2021

Histidine as known amino acid was converted to its acid chloride [C1] with thionyl chloride at 0 oC, then reacted with ammonia, the corresponding imide-diamine [C2] was obtained, and then condensed with maleic or methylnadic anhydride. The two novel condensed polymers [C3, C4] were obtained with highly conversion percentage and modified to crosslinked polymers [C5, C6] with acrylonitrile monomer through vinylic group by free radical polymerization.

The physical properties of all prepared polymers were studied and characterized by 1H-NMR, FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy. The swelling % was calculated.

The new Polymers [C3, C4], were synthesized by direct polycondensation to give the new bioactive polymers. The rate of hydrolysis of the prepared polymers was studied in different pH values at 37 oC. Howeve, the crosslinked biopolymers [C5, C6] indicated much more chemical resistance than [C3, C4], and the sustained release was observed as good results in basic medium.
Preparation of Poly (N-4-Antipyrinyl or Procainyl Methyl Nadamic Acids) as Drug Polymers
Authors: AL-Salami Dr. Firyal M. Ali , AL-Sharify Abbas N. M. , Kadhem Khudheyer  Jawad
Published: May 2021

Two new monomers of N-4-antipyrinyl methyl nadamic acid M1 and N-Procaienyl methyl nadamic acid M2 were synthesized from reaction of 4-Aminoantipyrine or procaine with methyl nadic anhydride at room temperature with dioxane as a solvent.

The prepared monomers M1 and M2 were polymerized free radically with AIBN as initiator to corresponding polyamic acids P1 and P2, Which were converted to their sodium salt polymers P3 and P4 to enhanced their solubility's in water.

The physical and chemical properties were studied for monomers and polymers, also FT-IR ,1H-NMR  and UV. Spectroscopy was characterized of M1or M2. The intrinsic viscosity was measured by  Ostwald viscometer at 30 0C  .The swelling %was measured and the controlled release rates of drug polymers were studied in different pH values at 37 0C.
Adoption the basis of spatial analysis and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to development oil industry projects
Authors: Naji Fanir Farooq O.
Published: May 2021

It is recognized today that human lives the information age, which ischaracterized by the multiplicity of its data and the complexity of its aspects andthe most important thing is characterized by "information" that will determine theprogress of the people, the more able countries to devise ways to protect theinformation and how to make the best use of them whenever it is an indication ofits progress and its ability to face obstacles to development and the informationsources are diverse and interrelated up to the level of complexity that they can beanalyzed and dealt with the existence of developed computer systems, that storedand processed the information .And because maps are also considered sources ofinformation which use in management and project planning, and being animportant means of connecting ideas and planning them so it necessitated the needfor the emergence of advanced systems have the ability to draw and designschemes and production of digital maps. With possibility of linking information(metadata) with the real location on the Earth's surface, called the (spatial data).The emergence of these systems are scientific leap on the in geographic scienceespecially spatial data that has accumulated over the centuries and resulted in ahuge amount of data and information. These systems added a lot in the field ofbuilding spatial database which can updating and help in treating maps accuratelyand effectively combines the advantages of the two systems (information systemsand systems of digital maps), which was named "GIS" systems which electronic NO.10digital competent to enter, store and retrieve, analyze data . And connect themwith large areas of maps that can not be saved on security on the paper. The data issaved with maps in a coherent manner so as to facilitate the user to display the datawith maps and several methods as well as a calculation processing to extract theresults and reports in a few time and effort and use them in decision-making whichhelps to speed the study and analysis the information and support decision-makersin a number of important decisions concerning projects which requires accuracyand speed.