bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Rapid Gas Chromatography Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Lpg Compounds
Authors: Nofrizal Nofrizal , Rosmayati Lisna , Andriani Yayun
Published: March 2022

A rapid gas chromatography method using a HP Plot/Al2O3 column for the determination of thirteen compounds of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) standard (ethane, propane, propylene, iso-butane, n-butane, trans-2-butene, 1-butene, isobutylene, neo-pentane, cis-2-butene, iso-pentane, n-pentane, 1,3 butadiene) was developed. The LPG components were separated in about 8 min by gradient elution program and helium was used as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 5 mL min-1, The relative standard deviation (RSD) for the LPG standard concentration were found to range between 0.27-1.91 % . The method had been applied to the determination of the 10 LPG samples. The composition of analyzed samples have comply with the Indonesian LPG specification for each parameter (C20.8 % mol, C3+C497 % mol and C5+.2.0 % mol).
MUTU KINERJA TENAGA PENDIDIK (GURU) DALAM MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ERA PANDEMIC COVID-19
Authors: Khairiah Khairiah , Hidayat Muhammad Nor , Kurnia Indah , Harmaida Mutiara , Rusydi Ibnu , Warto Warto
Published: March 2022

Abstrak: Era pandemic covid-19 dalam manajemen pendidikan memperlihatkan ancaman mutu kinerja tenaga pendidik. Sebagian tenaga pendidik memperlihatkan perilaku kerja sejalan dengan standar dan kode etik yang ada, dan sebagian tenaga pendidik yang lain memperlihatkan kesulitan dalam bekerja. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, tujuan tulisan ini selain memetakan bentuk kondisi mutu kinerja dalam berbagai kelompok tenaga pendidik juga menganalisis alasan-alasan terjadinya penurunan mutu kinerja tenaga pendidik. Tulisan ini didasarkan pada data yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber data online dengan memperhatikan karakteristik structural kelompok tenaga pendidik. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa perbedaan kelompok dan kemampuan para tenaga pendidik telah menjadi kekuatan yang menstrukturkan perilaku kinerja tenaga pendidik atas ancaman mutu kinerja tenaga pendidik dalam manajemen pendidikan selama pandemic covid-19. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa mutu kinerja tenaga pendidik dalam pengelolaan pendidikan telah menjadi faktor penting atas suatu realitas mutu pendidikan di era pandemic covid-19. Dan dapat disarankan, perlu perluasan kasus, dan penambahan sumber data yang diteliti, sehingga memungkinkan dapat dipahami dampak pandemic covid-19 dalam dunia pendidikan secara mendalam dan komprehensif. Kata Kunci: Era Pandemic Covid-19, Manajemen Pendidikan, Mutu Kinerja Tenaga Pendidik Abstract: The era of the covid-19 pandemic in education management shows a threat to the quality of the performance of educators. Some educators show work behavior in line with existing standards and codes of ethics, and some other educators show difficulties in working. In line with this, the purpose of this paper is not only to map the form of performance quality conditions in various groups of educators, but also to analyze the reasons for the decline in the quality of teacher performance. This paper is based on data collected from various online data sources by taking into account the structural characteristics of groups of educators. The results of this study show that group differences and the abilities of educators have become a force that structures the behavior of educators' performance on the threat to the quality of educators' performance in education management during the covid-19 pandemic. Thus, it can be concluded that the quality of the performance of educators in the management of education has become an important factor in the reality of the quality of education in the era of the covid-19 pandemic. And it can be suggested, it is necessary to expand cases, and add sources of data to be researched, so that it is possible to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the world of education in depth and comprehensively.Keywords: Pandemic Covid-19 Era, Education Management, Quality Performance of Educators
ANALISIS FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN FAKTOR EKSTERNAL PENGORGANISASIAN DALAM LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Astari Ade Riska Nur
Published: March 2022

Abstrak: Faktor eksternal dan internal merupakan hal yang cukup penting dalam pengorganisasian suatu lembaga pendidikan karena memiliki tujuan untuk menyusun suatu pola kegiatan untuk menuju ke arah tercapainya tujuan bersama. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor internal serta eksternal yang mempengaruhi proses pengorganisasian pada lembaga pendidikan. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil dari analisis menyimpulkan beberapa faktor internal yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap pengorganisasian di lembaga pendidikan adalah visi, misi, sasaran dan tujuan organisasi, strategi pencapaian tujuan, sifat dan jenis kegiatan serta jenis teknologi yang digunakan. Sedangkan untuk faktor eksternalnya adalah kebijakan pemerintah dan sosial budaya masyarakat. Sehingga dari hasil yang didapat tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor internal merupakan faktor yang berada di dalam organisasi atau lembaga pendidikan tersebut. Komunikasi yang baik dari para pimpinan dan karyawan maka akan menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang kondusif. Sedangkan Faktor eksternal terdiri atas unsur-unsur diluar organisasi/ lembaga, yang sebagian besar tak dapat dikendalikan dan berpengaruh dalam pembuatan keputusan. Penulis dapat menyarankan perlunya kajian lebih lanjut yang dapat mengakomodasikan lebih banyak kasus untuk memetakan hasil yang lebih komprehensif, sehingga dapat dijadikan dasar untuk kebijakan yang lebih tepat sasaran. Kata Kunci: Faktor Internal, Faktor eksternal, Pengorganisasian, Lembaga Pendidikan Abstract: External and internal factors are quite important in organizing an educational institution because it has the aim of compiling a pattern of activities to lead to the achievement of common goals. The purpose of this study is to analyze internal and external factors that affect the organizational process in educational institutions. Using descriptive qualitative method. The results of the analysis conclude that several internal factors that have an influence on organization in educational institutions are the vision, mission, goals and objectives of the organization, strategy for achieving goals, the nature and type of activity and the type of technology used. As for the external factors are government policies and social culture of society. So from the results obtained it can be concluded that internal factors are factors that are within the organization or educational institution. Good communication from leaders and employees will create a conducive work environment. Meanwhile, external factors consist of elements outside the organization/institution, most of which cannot be controlled and influence decision making. The author can suggest the need for further studies that can accommodate more cases to map out more comprehensive results, so that they can be used as the basis for more targeted policies.Keywords: Internal Factors, External Factors, Organizing, Educational Institutions
Quantification of minor, trace and toxic elements in stems of Santalum album (L.), Mangiferra indica (L.) and Tinospora cordifolia by instrumental neutron activation analysis
Authors: Garg AN , Ruchi Singh , Maharia RS , Dutta RK , Arpita Datta
Published: March 2022

Stems of Santalum album (Sandalwood), Mangiferra indica (Mango wood), and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) are widely used in the preparation of herbal medicines and formulations in the traditional Indian health care system called Ayurveda. These were analyzed for 4 minor (K, Ca, Cl, Mg) and 13 traces (As, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, La, Mn, Na, Se, V, and Zn) including toxic elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Samples in powder form along with reference materials (NIST SRM 1547 and INCT MPH-2) as comparators were irradiated for 1 min/6 h in Dhruva/CIRUS reactors at BARC, Mumbai. Gamma activity was measured by high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. In general, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn contents are very high in all the samples but Santalum album, widely used as a perfume, is more enriched in K, Ca, Cr, Zn, and Se. The concentration of Ca is always high as a major constituent (> 10 mg/g) in all the stem/bark of plant species. A strong inverse correlation (R2 = 0.9999) was observed between Fe and Zn in all three samples and that may be useful in drug manufacturing.
Authors: Khafidah Agustin Nur , Bakhtiar Afakhrul Masub
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses penerapan model pembelajaran cooperative script untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca teks puisi pada peserta didik kelas II SDN segoromadu. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh pada tindakan siklus I menunjukkan bahwa hasil keterampilan membaca teks puisi peserta didik masih dibawah KKM dengan nilai presentase peserta didik sebanyak 60%. Sedangkan pada tindakan siklus II dalam penerapan model pembelajaran cooperative script dapat meningkatkan keterampilan membaca teks puisi peserta didik dengan nilai presentase sebanyak 75%.
Authors: Abdilah Siti Fatimah , Umam Nanang Khoirul
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara melalui media wayang berbasis budaya lokal pada materi bercerita di kelas IV UPT SD Negeri 100 Gresik tahun pelajaran 2019-2020. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang dilakukan secara kolaboratif dengan guru kelas. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan model Arifin yang terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian terdapat sebanyak 18 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dalam bentuk tes, sedangkan instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar tes untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan berbicara.Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti, didapatkan peningkatan keterampilan berbicara pada siklus I mencapai ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 83% atau 15 peserta didik yang tuntas. Sehingga pada siklus I telah mencapai ketuntasan secara klasikal yaitu 75%.
Self efficacy pada survivor COVID-19
Authors: Laely Anna Jumatul , Hidayati Noor , Sjarif Muhamad Aminudin , Retnaningsih Retnaningsih , Husni Amin
Published: March 2022

Pendahuluan: Terjadinya wabah virus corona atau yang disebut covid-19 di akhir tahun 2019, memberikan dampak yang cukup signifikan terhadap masalah kesehatan di seluruh dunia. Penyebaran yang cepat, belum adanya obat yang pasti dan angka kematian yang tinggi, menimbulkan stress terutama dalam bentuk kecemasan. Proses untuk menuju kesembuhan membutuhkan kemampuan individu dalam mempertahankan kondisi fisik dan psikologis yang baik. Salah satu koping konstruktif yang dapat dilakukan pasien dalam memperoleh kesembuhan dari penyakitnya adalah dengan mengembangkan efikasi diri (self efficacy). Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian observasional dengan rancangan deskriptif analitik. Jumlah sampel yaitu 82 responden yang diambil berdasarkan consecutive sampling. Penelitian ini melibatkan responden yang sudah dinyatakan sembuh dari covid-19. Pengukuran Self Efficacy dengan menggunakan GSE (General Self Efficacy). Hasil: Self efficacy yang dimilki survivor covid-19 pada level yang tinggi yaitu 53.7% dari seluruh responden. Simpulan: Self efficacy yang cukup baik pada responden, mampu meminimalisir respon negative akibat stress menjadi respon positip sehingga menyebabkan mereka mampu sembuh dari covid-19.
Study of the impurity composition of isotope enriched german 70GeH4 by the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors:   G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sozin A. Yu. , Krylov V. A. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Chernova O. Yu. ,   G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sorochkina T. G. ,   G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bulanov A. D. ,   G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Troshin O. Yu. ,   G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Adamchik S. A. ,   G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lashkov A. Yu. ,   G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

For the first time, the impurity composition of isotopically enriched germane 70GeH4 has been studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. To separate impurities, we used a GS-GasPro capillary adsorption column 60 m × 0,32 mm with silica gel as a sorbent, GS-CarbonPLOT 25 m × 0,32 mm × 0,25 μm with a carbon sorbent and 25 m × 0,26 mm × 0,25 μm with sorbent polytrimethylsilylpropine. It has been shown that their use makes it possible to achieve a high resolution of the chromatographed substances. The identification of impurities was carried out by comparing their mass spectra with the data of the NIST library. Gases are found in germane, which are part of the atmosphere, C1 – C7 hydrocarbons, chlorine and oxygenated hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing substances, homologues and alkyl derivatives of germane. As a result of studying the composition of their mass spectra, the mass spectra of impurities 70GeC3H10 and 70GeC4H12, which are absent in the literature sources, were obtained and described for the first time. Concentrations of impurities in high-purity germane, as well as their distribution over fractions isolated during its rectification purification, have been determined. The detection limits of the identified substances were 2·10–7 – 1·10–4 mol. %.
De praderas a sembrados: transformación histórica de la explotación del territorio de la Hacienda de San José Puruagua (México)
Authors: Lefebvre Karine , Nuñez Castro Erik , Vizcaíno Monroy Liliana J.
Published: March 2022

Este trabajo analiza la relación sociedad-ambiente a una escala micro, en el territorio de la hacienda de San José Puruagua, Guanajuato (México). Se enfoca en los procesos de colonización, ocupación y explotación de los llamados « territorios septentrionales » entre el principio del siglo XVI y finales del XIX. Para ello, hemos realizado un estudio minucioso y la confrontación sistemática de fuentes cartográficas, de documentos administrativos y de informaciones de campo. Los datos colectados se integraron en un Sistema de Información Geográfica Histórico para crear interpretaciones cartográficas, que demostraron las influencias mutuas que ejercen las sociedades humanas y el medio ambiente. Durante el siglo XVI, la baja densidad humana favoreció el reparto de tierras a los colonos españoles. La presencia de grandes extensiones de pastizales y de salinas, así como la ausencia de estructuras agrícolas facilitó el desarrollo de la ganadería. Esta actividad continuó hasta finales del siglo XVII-principios del XVIII, cuando las llanuras se cubrieron con obras hidráulicas para fomentar el cultivo de cereales. Al mismo tiempo, las fuentes atestiguan la explotación de los recursos maderables de la sierra de Puruagua por lo menos desde el siglo XVIII, con una intensificación durante el siglo XIX.
Linguistic Ways of Representing Author’s Modality in M. A. Bulgakov’s Novel “The Master and Margarita”
Authors: Stepanova Yuliya Victorovna , Ilnickaya Tatyana Olegovna
Published: March 2022

The aim of the research is to interpret the conceptual (content-related) features of the field category of author’s modality in M. A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” by analysing the lexico-grammatical and contextual linguistic means of its representation. Scientific originality lies in developing mechanisms for systematisation of different-level means of expressing the category of author’s modality to conduct a comprehensive field study. As a result of the research, the category features and specifics of the text category of author’s modality have been identified; the ways of representing the lexico-semantic space of M. A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” have been determined; a qualitative and quantitative characteristic of the identified linguistic units combined into macro fields and micro fields has been proposed.
Острая и хроническая токсичность антибактериального пептидного комплекса
Authors: Волкова Л.
Published: March 2022

Проведена доклиническая оценка субстанции антибактериального пептидного комплекса (АПК), синтезируемого вирус-индуцированными лейкоцитами. Опыты проводили на мышах и крысах. Исследуемый состав АПК разводили 0,9 % раствором хлорида натрия и вводили внутримышечно и абдоминально. По результатам исследования не выявлено токсического действия АПК при исследовании как острой, так и хронической токсичности на организм экспериментальных животных.
Магнитное поле красных гигантов и сверхгигантов: обзор результатов спектрополяриметрических наблюдений
Authors: Плачинда Сергей , Бутковская Варвара , Шуляк Денис , Панков Николай , Цымбал Вадим
Published: March 2022

1. Представлен обзор полученных разными авторами в результате высокоточных спектрополяриметрических наблюдений F0 – M0 гигантов и сверхгигантов. На сегодняшний день слабые магнитные поля зарегистрированы почти у четырех десятков медленно вращающихся красных гигантов: магнитное поле у некоторых объектов достигает нескольких десятков гаусс. Спектрополяриметрическая база наблюдений красных сверхгигантов включает три десятка объектов. Магнитное поле было обнаружено у трети. По наблюдениям в Крыму магнитное поле у сверхгиганта ε Gem достигает десятка гаусс. Поскольку магнитное поле вморожено в плазму, а звезды после главной последовательности значительно увеличивают свои размеры, ожидается, что без генерации и усиления магнитного поля магнитное поле гигантов не должно превышать один гаусс, а магнитное поле сверхгигантов будет составлять сотые и тысячные доли гаусса. Тем не менее индукция зарегистрированных магнитных полей у этих объектов значительно превышает названные. На основе литературных данных и крымских наблюдений подтверждается вывод, что генерация и усиление магнитного поля происходит с помощью работы динамо-механизмов на всех стадиях эволюции звезд с конвективными оболочками, начиная с эпохи формирования звезды (тип T Tauri) до Главной последовательности и заканчивая ее конечным состоянием сверхгиганта, перед трансформацией в объект с вырожденным состоянием материи.2. Как известно из физики Солнца, неоднородность магнитного поля указывает на наличие физических условий для работы динамо-механизмов. В настоящей работе приводятся результаты вычисления продольного компонента магнитного поля и факт обнаружения его неоднородности у гиганта δ CrB.3. Крымская методика обработки спектрополяриметрических наблюдений звезд (SL – Single Line), отличительной особенностью которой является использование центров тяжести спектральных линий для вычисления магнитного поля по каждой линии в отдельности, позволила разработать и применить методику анализа изменения величины магнитного поля с глубиной в атмосфере звезды. В результате выполненного анализа не было обнаружено статистически достоверных признаков наличия радиальных вариаций магнитного поля с глубиной в атмосфере гиганта δ CrB при том уровне отношения сигнал/шум, который присутствовал у наблюдательного материала. Сделан вывод о необходимости использования большего числа наблюдений для получения статистически обоснованного заключения о присутствии или отсутствии неоднородности поля с глубиной в атмосфере δ CrB.
Simultaneous identification of four meat species (cattle, chicken, fish, and pig) using next generation sequencing (NGS)
Authors: Mahama Sunainee , Chebako Hasam , Sirikwanpong Sukrit , Mahamad Pornpimol , Santiworakul Najwa Yanya , Suksuwan Acharee , Dahlan Winai , Nopponpunth Vanida
Published: March 2022

Meat adulteration has become a serious problem in global which directly affects to food consumers and producers. Therefore, it requires a tool to authenticate meat species to ensure safety of food products. Next generation sequencing (NGS) coupled with ribosomal RNA mitochondrial DNA gene can be used to analyze mixture of meat species in multiple meat samples. Therefore, this study aims to utilize NGS coupled with rRNA gene to identify 4 meat species (cattle, chicken, fish, and pig). Three primer sets (12S-Ki, 16S-KH, and 16S-Ki) were used to amplify DNA from the four meat species. All primer sets could be successfully amplified DNA fragments which corresponded to their size expectation. 16S-KH showed better detection effect in all species comparing with others. While the 12S-Ki and 16S-Ki could not be used to amplify in fish and chicken species. This may occur due to mismatches between sequences of primers and annealed regions of these species. Library construction of all PCR amplicons were prepared and sequenced by NGS. Amplicons amplified by 12S-Ki (fish) and 16SKi (chicken and fish) could not be mapped to the database because no PCR amplicons could not be amplified. NGS coupled with 16S-KH was then evaluated for precision test. The experimental precision was directly investigated comparing the results obtained from libraries that derives from DNA of four meat species which separately amplified for 3 different runs. As expected, the number and proportion of mapped reads between three different runs were also concordant. The percentage of mapped reads ranged from 14.05% to 31.04%, 15.14% to 31.98%, and 14.21% to 33.05% (1st, 2nd, and 3rd run, respectively). This demonstrated that NGS coupled with rRNA mtDNA gene could be reliably implemented as a routine testing. This developed technique can be applied to control and monitor meat adulterations in halal meat production and industry.
CEPA 2020 Clinical Exercise Physiology Practice Survey
Authors: Hargens Trent A. , Richardson Laura A. , Brawner Clinton A. , Perry Diane , Verrill David E. , Porcari John , Kerrigan Dennis J.
Published: March 2022

Background:

The Clinical Exercise Physiology Association first conducted a clinical exercise physiology practice survey in 2010, with a goal to repeat it every 5 y. The purpose of this survey was to collect updated data on employment, including salary, scope of work, patient population, and job responsibilities among practicing clinical exercise physiologists (CEP).

Methods:

The 2020 survey was disseminated by email and through social media to attract a wide range of individuals who reported working as a CEP.

Results:

In total, data from 776 individuals who responded to the survey were analyzed, which is less participants than in the 2010 and 2015 surveys. The median salary was $56,251, $7,500 higher than that of 2015. Those with a master's degree and clinical certification had higher median salaries compared with those without certification. There was a difference in median salary by sex, with women earning $7,500 less than men did. When mean hourly salary was adjusted for years of experience and academic degree, the difference by sex remained.

Conclusion:

Median salary for CEPs surveyed increased between 2015 and 2020. Data revealed benefits from obtaining a clinical certification and an advanced degree for greater compensation. Data also show a discrepancy in salary based on sex. It is unclear how the ongoing coronavirus pandemic affected the current survey results.
Parent–Child Relationship Quality and Internet Use in a Developing Country: Adolescents’ Perspectives
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: March 2022

Conclusion: Findings indicated that changes in the quality of the parent–child relationship were self-assessed by participants regard to kids’ internet use, especially in the COVID-19 epidemic context. Educational campaigns and programs to raise awareness of parents as to the dangers and negative influences that their children may encounter online, psychology of children’s behaviors and effects of different responding strategies are recommended.
PAK Reform Through Educational Technology
Authors: Marsaulina Roce , Sirait Rajiman Andrianus
Published: March 2022

The current teaching and learning process is indeed required for teachers and students to be able to understand technological developments. Teachers must be able to innovate in their learning through e-learning technology, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. In learning Christian Religious Education there is also a need for reform through technology that can be used for smooth learning and teaching processes. This writing was made using a qualitative description method by looking at current needs, especially during the covid 19 pandemic. Since the beginning of human history, science and technology have begun. Technology is already known to humans, but not as sophisticated as it is now. The e-learning system is something that must be done in today's era. Where psychologically the majority of people have communicated, and searched for information electronically. So it is necessary to design a creative curriculum that does not eliminate important content that must be conveyed. In Christian Religious Education Media (PAK) using technology is something that cannot be avoided and must be based on God's Word. In using technology, the PAK teacher must be wise and in this case technology must be used to please God. With media technology, its application is even easier for both a PAK teacher and students.
Civilization beyond the big pond: an overview of French computer science (prosopography)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: March 2022

an overview ofFrench computer science (prosopography)
Delayed affective recovery to daily-life stressors signals a risk for depression
Authors: de Calheiros Velozo Joana , Lafit Ginette , Viechtbauer Wolfgang , van Amelsvoort Therese , Schruers Koen R. J. , Marcelis Machteld , Goossens Lies , Simons Claudia , Delespaul Philippe , Claes Stephan , Myin-Germeys Inez , Vaessen Thomas
Published: March 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the time to affective recovery from daily-life stressors between healthy controls (HC) and two groups with an increased risk for developing depression: individuals with subclinical symptoms of depression (SSD), and individuals remitted from a depressive episode with residual symptoms of depression (RRS).Method: The experience sampling method (ESM) was used to measure affective recovery to daily-life stressors. Affective recovery was defined as the moment that negative affect (NA) returned to baseline level following the first stressful event of the day. We assessed two different operationalizations of the baseline: NA at the moment before the stressful event (t-1), and mean-person NA. The effect of stress intensity, and cumulative stress were also assessed. Results: Survival analyses showed significantly longer recovery times for the at risk groups in comparison to healthy individuals, albeit no significant difference was found between the two at risk groups (i.e. SSD and RRS). There was also an effect of cumulative stress, but not stress intensity on time to recovery in that cumulative stress resulted in significantly longer recovery times for all three groups. Limitations: The present study is limited by the ESM sampling design, assessments take place post-stress and therefore do not capture peak stress. Additionally, we are only able to assess patterns at the group level. Finally, there is a significant age difference between groups.Conclusion: Individuals at risk for depression display a delayed recovery to daily-life stressors when compared to healthy controls, which is not explained by differences in stress intensity or cumulative stress. Understanding what is driving this delay may help combat the development of depression.
Blind Boxes: Opening Our Eyes to the Challenging Regulation of Gambling-Like Products and Gamblification and Unexplained Regulatory Inaction
Authors: Xiao Leon Y.
Published: March 2022

Blind boxes are novel, gambling-like physical products that consumers can buy to obtain randomised content. In January 2022, non-binding, advisory compliance guidelines recommending certain best practices when marketing blind boxes for sale were published in Shanghai, China. The relevant provisions, which include consumer protection and harm minimisation measures such as setting age limits; publishing probability disclosures; and implementing “pity mechanics” that guarantee that the consumer will receive the rarer content that they desire after making a predetermined number of purchases, are translated and commented upon. Blind boxes and other gambling-like products are identified to also be available for sale in other countries, including in the West, where they may legally constitute “gambling” under existing laws but remain unregulated and available for purchase by children. The similarities shared by, and differences between, blind boxes and video game loot boxes are highlighted to show that a stronger case exists (in law) to regulate physical gambling-like products than video game loot boxes generally: secondary markets demonstrably exist for the randomised physical blind box content, which therefore possesses real-world monetary value, whilst, in contrast, most virtual video game loot box content cannot be transferred to other players and therefore cannot be exchanged for real-world money. The emerging popularity of gambling-like products and the increasing “gamblification” of the provision of products and services generally are issues that require gambling law reform to address: enforcing existing gambling law that did not contemplate such widespread gamblification indiscriminately to regulate everything may be overregulation and may overburden gambling regulators. However, gambling regulators that have made, and continue to maintain, a conscious executive decision not to enforce the law against obvious contraventions are failing to address potential consumer harms and arguably acting ultra vires: regulators must therefore publicly justify their decision, so that “gambling-like product” may be properly scrutinised.
ON THE TRANSFINITE LENGTH OF THE SEQUENCE OF DIGITS IN THE EXPANSION OF A TRANSCENDENTAL NUMBER AFTER THE DECIMAL POINT
Authors: Matus Alejandro
Published: March 2022

We prove that (if we assume as consistent Cantor's diagonal process) among the transcendental numbers there are different transfinite cardinalities in the total of digits that compose them in their expansion after the decimal point. Some transcendental can be made up of a total of digits ℵ0 after the decimal point, while another by ℵ1 or ℵ2, or ℵ𝛂 figures. So, we proceed to mathematically construct such cardinalities. Which in turn forces us to also deduce the existence, within the class R of the real numbers, of Rα infinite subsets of these numbers with ℵα cardinalities different from each other, and we likewise construct them. We find the logical inadmissibility of identifying, as inadvertently in the current theory, a strictly proper subset R1 of R with R itself. And we obtain for R a theorem that is comparable to Cantor's Theorem about power sets. Except that this new theorem leads us to resize the currently accepted cardinalities of the power sets Pα. Establishing that none of them reach the number of elements of R. And for every α the cardinality of each Pα is equal to the cardinality of each Rα, that is, in both cases, אα. Consequently, the real numbers r ∈ R have a greater wealth than has so far been conceptualized in Set Theory and Mathematical Analysis. Based on all this, it is proved also that we need to reformulate the Continuum Hypothesis, assuming Cantor's diagonal method is consistent.
PERSEPEKTIF SOSIAL DAN POLITIK TERHADAP KEBANGKITAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI MELALUI KEPEMIMPINAN ABU BAKAR AL- SHIDDIQ DAN UMAR IBN AL-KHATTAB
Authors: PEMBANGUNAN GOVERNANCE: JURNAL POLITIK LOKAL DAN
Published: March 2022

Basically humans are born as leaders, since Adam was created as a caliph to be assigned to take care of the earth, the word caliph itself can be interpreted as a liaison or leader to convey to lead something. As a leader, his expertise is required in regulating the behavior of others in his work by using power. Leaders have the right to power to direct, mobilize, and influence the people they lead to carry out orders that must be carried out in achieving a desired goal. Therefore, a leader must have good leadership skills, so that harmony will be achieved in a leadership, and the goals that have been outlined will also be achieved. In connection with this leadership, Islam began a leadership with the sending of Muhammad SAW as a prophet and apostle to invite people to the truth, embrace Islam as a belief. In the course of the struggle and spread of Islam, the prophet Muhammad automatically became the leader of the Muslims until the end of his life. After the death of the Prophet Muhammad, the Muslims were afflicted with deep sadness, they lost a beloved leader, a leader who had a unique and complex personality, broad-minded, and trustworthy
A SMART Approach to Personalized Care: Preliminary Data on How to Select and Sequence Skills in Transdiagnostic CBT
Authors: Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Southward Matthew W. , Stumpp Nicole , Semcho Stephen , Hood Caitlyn O. , Garlock Anna , Urs Alex
Published: March 2022

Given that over 20 million adults each year do not receive care for their mental health difficulties, it is imperative to improve system-level capacity issues by increasing treatment efficiency. The present study aimed to collect feasibility/acceptability data on two strategies for increasing the efficiency of cognitive behavioral therapy: (1) personalized skill sequences and (2) personalized skill selections. Participants (N = 70) with anxiety and depressive disorders were enrolled in a pilot sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART). Patients were randomly assigned to receive skill modules from the Unified Protocol in one of three sequencing conditions: standard, sequences that prioritized patients’ relative strengths, and sequences that prioritized relative deficits. Participants also underwent a second-stage randomization to either receive 6 sessions or 12 sessions of treatment. Participants were generally satisfied with the treatment they received, though significant differences favored the Capitalization and Full duration conditions. There were no differences in trajectories of improvement as a function of sequencing condition. There were also no differences in end-of-study outcomes between brief personalized treatment and full standard treatment. Thus, it may be feasible to deliver CBT for personalized durations, though this may not substantially impact trajectories of change in anxiety or depressive symptoms.
Using information provision and interactive risk maps to motivate testing for radon
Authors: Timmons Shane , Lunn Peter D
Published: March 2022

Radon exposure in homes is a leading cause of lung cancer, but the rate at which householders test for it is low. In a pre-registered experiment with a nationally representative sample of adults (N = 1,700), we used psychological theory to design interventions to increase perceived risk from radon and motivate testing. Results show that providing information about radon increased belief that exposure would lead to negative consequences. Interactive maps that depict the geographical distribution of radon risk increased perceived likelihood of exposure, general worry and willingness to test for it, but the effects depend on the map’s attributes. Maps that communicate risk using numeric frequencies of the number of homes in an area likely to be affected by radon (e.g., 1 in 5 homes) were more effective than ones that used simple statements (e.g., your home is at high risk). Adding an intermediate “moderate” risk category increased perceived risk compared to a binary high/low classification system among those in the moderate risk area, without altering perceptions of those at high risk. Other map features (colour and search functionality) had little impact. The best performing map led to 72% more people being willing to test for radon, compared to the map in use by the national Environmental Protection Agency at the time of the study. The results have implications for theories of risk perception and show the potential for techniques from psychological science to help mitigate a real-world environmental risk.
Measuring how people notice the scent of others and themselves: The Body Odor Awareness Scale
Authors: Croijmans Ilja , Dijksterhuis Garmt , Majorov Natalia , Smeets Monique A. M.
Published: March 2022

People differ in their awareness for odours surrounding them. Body odours are a special category because they are a vehicle for social communication. Body odours evoke approach and avoidance behaviours such as withdrawing from social interaction, and personal hygiene behaviours like washing or using fragranced products. So far it has remained unclear what the role of conscious awareness of body odours is in guiding social behaviour. Here, we present a new psychological scale on odour awareness, focusing specifically on body odours: the Body Odour Awareness Scale (BOAS). The scale was validated measuring body odour awareness in two dimensions (valence and source) over four facets: awareness for one’s own body odours, both favourable and unfavourable, and awareness for other persons’ body odours, both favourable and unfavourable. An explorative follow-up study suggested regional differences exist in body odour awareness, but these are not the same for every dimension of body odour awareness. Taken together, these results suggest the new BOAS is a useful tool to assess differences in awareness for body odours, and uncover an application potential for this new and validated scale.
Prismatic Identities or Authentic Selves? Elif Shafak’s Three Daughters of Eve: A perspective of Intersectional Feminism
Authors: Al-Zahrani Shuaa S. , Al-Sharqi Laila. M.
Published: March 2022

Elif Shafak’s novel Three Daughters of Eve(2016), questions contemporary assumptions concerning women’s status in Islam and society. This study explores Eve’s daughters—Peri, Shirin, and Mona—to investigate how gender, religion, and culture overlap and stereotypes intertwine in the novel to create unique experiences, values, beliefs, and challenges in the lives of women. This study argues that Shafak’s inclusion of these overlapping aspects provides a basis for intersectional feminist discourse as a framework for understanding the complex nature of identity and self-understanding among women in the Middle East. The results of this study contribute significantly to the existing literature by demonstrating how the three females in the novel function as distinct self-identities through which Shafak negotiates assumptions of Western society about women and Islam. The study concludes that Shafak’s work, giving voice to her women elevates aspects of diversity and inclusion by revealing the various guises of discrimination against them and illustrating how these women find ways to project their unique voices and resist oppression.
The In Situ Expression of IL-6 and IL-1? in breast cancer patients
Authors: H. Salman Amal , N. Iqbal Mayada , A. Bakir Wasan
Published: March 2022

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women world. Multiple Cytokines appear to have a dominant role in human breast cancer formation. Estimation of the in situ expression of  IL-6 and IL-1Î² in breast cancer patients. A sixty patients with breast cancer BC were divided into two clinical subgroups, (30) with malignant breast cancer MBC and (30) with benign breast tumor as a control group according to histological examination. In situ hybridization technique used for detection of IL-6 and IL-1Î² mRNA sequence in two groups.  The results showed that percentages of mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-1Î² were in (â‰¥ 11-50%) for malignant breast cancer. This research also investigated that (73.3%) of benign breast tumor were expression less than (<10%) for   IL-6 and IL-1 Î² mRNA. The ISH expression  of the mean percentages of IL-6 and IL-1 Î²   were higher levels in malignant  breast cancer  patients ( 48.13 and 56.07 ,respectively) than benign  tumor (2.73 and 1.40 ,respectively), with highly significantly differences (P<0.01) of  ISH expression for  IL-6  and IL-1 Î² mRNA among two studied groups., the expression   of IL-6 and IL-1 Î² mRNA   are significantly elevated in the tissue of breast cancer patients compared with benign tumor and was found a significant correlation between the expression of IL- 6 and IL-1Î² mRNA in the tissue of breast cancer patients, thus the results of the present study might be explain the pathological role of these two cytokine in breast cancer.

Key words: IL-6 mRNA, IL-1Î² mRNA, Breast cancer, ISH.
Effects of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA)
Authors: W. Ahmed Dhamraa
Published: March 2022

Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA) is the most painful experience for couples expecting a child. This study aimed to determine the relevance of IL-2 and IL-6 in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).  Serum samples were collected from 90 women attend Al Kadhmiya teaching hospital in Baghdad. 60 women (first group) had recurrent abortion the women were negative for rubella virus, herpes simplex virus and toxplasma gondii. And they were negative from bacterial infection eg. Niesseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis. The histopathological tests for fetus abnormalities were negative in this group, and 30 women (second group) with successful pregnancy (normal delivery). All samples were analyzed for IL-2 and IL-6 by commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits. The data showed highly significant increase in the serum level of IL-2 in group 1 compared with group 2 (P<0.001). However, IL-6 showed highly significant increase level in group 2 compared with group 1. In addition, there was no significant correlation between these two markers in studied groups. The data of this study strengthen the possibility that high level of IL-2 and low level of IL-6 may explain the role of type-1 cytokines in the pathogenicity of recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Key words: - interleukin 2, interleukin 6 and  recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA)
A New Feminist Absurd?: Women’s Protest, Fury, and Futility in Contemporary American Theatre
Authors: Klein Emily B.
Published: March 2022

Absurdism has long been associated with existentialist white male writers like the ones Martin Esslin analysed in The Theatre of the Absurd (1961), which coined the term that came to define a lasting dramatic genre. More recently, however, several female playwrights have begun to reinvent this movement with an uncanny brand of feminist absurdism in their intimate domestic tragicomedies. In this essay, a close reading of Sheila Callaghan’s Women Laughing Alone with Salad (2015) serves as a touchstone for analysing performances of ludic feminist futility in plays by diverse writers including Ruby Rae Spiegel, Jackie Sibblies Drury, Alice Birch, and others. In their festive moments of anti-structural and non-linear oscillation between rage and glee, these plays mark the messy implosion of an outdated feminist political project, first anticipating and later reflecting the political tensions and crises evidenced in women’s voting, activism, and protest practices since the 2016 US presidential election. Often confining their characters within domestic or interior feminized spaces like kitchens, bedrooms, hidden supermarket aisles, or girls’ locker rooms, these playwrights celebrate failure and madness in the lives and labour of their female characters. By transforming historically feminized sites into dynamic spaces of resistance as well as spectacular failure, these performances of excess, from dieting to devouring, precarity to privilege, force audiences to confront cultural blind spots and failed or incomplete work toward efficacious feminist intersectionality. Furthermore, by bridging contemporary women’s anger research with whiteness and affect studies, this essay identifies a nascent trend in US theatre with a growing international profile that engages an updated absurdist rubric within a larger feminist praxis of political revolt.
Morphometric indicators for selection of dual endobronchial tube in thoracic anesthesiology
Authors: Usenko O. Yu. , Sydiuk A. V. , Sydiuk O. Ye. , Klimas A. S. , Savenko G. Yu. , Teslia O. T.
Published: March 2022

For the purpose of single-lung ventilation, various methods of lung isolation are used in the world, which is a prerequisite for many thoracic, cardiac and esophageal surgeries. Numerous studies have reported various methods for determining the optimal suitability between the diameter of the tube and the diameter of the left main bronchus for adequate ventilation and gas exchange during operations on the thoracic cavity. However, there is no consensus among anesthesiologists on the choice of tube size for effective lung ventilation and isolation. We have developed a new mathematical formula for determining the appropriate size of the left bilateral luminal endobronchial tube (LDT). The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the developed standardized mathematical formula for determining the appropriate size of LDT for use in thoracic anesthesiology. The study was performed on 192 patients with diseases of the thoracic cavity (esophagus, lungs, mediastinum), operated on in the thoracoabdominal department of the Shalimov National Institute of Surgery and Tranplantology. A retrospective comparison group – 96 patients after thoracic surgery, which used the choice of LDT size according to the well-known Slinger method “according to the patient’s height”. The study group consisted of 96 patients after thoracic surgery, in which the choice of the size of the bifurcated endobronchial tube was used according to the developed method (according to the formula that evaluates morphometric indicators of height, sex and diameter of the left main bronchus). The application of the proposed method reduces (p = 0.001) the risk of pulmonary complications, HR = 0.39 (95 % CI 0.22-0.70) compared to traditional methods. The risk decreased 2.5 times.