bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Viscous and Interfacial Forces in the Hydrodynamics of the Top-Submerged-Lance Furnace
Authors: Obiso D. , Kriebitzsch S. , Reuter M. , Meyer B.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this work is to focus on the hydrodynamics of a Top-Submerged-Lance (TSL) smelting furnace, understanding how liquid properties and operational parameters act on key factors of a TSL process, such as splashing, mixing, mass transfer area, and bubble development. A deep knowledge of all those aspects is needed since they all influence the smelting reaction rates; hence the efficiency of the reactor. The characterization and scaling of the TSL gas injection are commonly based on the modified Froude number, the ratio of dynamic and gravitational forces. Detailed literature research reveals a potential weakness of this approach, since it does not consider the effects of viscosity and surface tension. To investigate this question an extensive parametric study was performed applying computational fluid dynamics to cold and non-reactive flows, which provided a broad overview of the physics of the flow. The analysis was performed on fluid dynamic properties (liquid density, liquid viscosity, surface tension) and operational variables (gas volume flow, lance immersion depth). The coupled Level Set—Volume of Fluid model, available in the commercial solver ANSYS Fluent®, was used to resolve the gas–liquid interface in the multiphase flow. The results of the work underscore the significance of the viscous and interfacial forces for gas injection in smelting slags, confirming the incompleteness of applying only the Froude number to describe such flows.
On low-Prandtl-number convection in an inclined layer of liquid mercury
Authors: Zier Oliver , Zimmermann Walter , Pesch Werner
Published: July 2019

This paper reports on a theoretical analysis of convection in an inclined layer of mercury, a common low-Prandtl-number fluid ($Pr=0.025$). The investigation is based on the standard Oberbeck–Boussinesq equations, which are explored as a function of the inclination angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$ and for Rayleigh numbers $R$ in the vicinity of the convection onset. Along with the conventional Galerkin methods to study convection rolls and their secondary instabilities, we employ direct numerical simulations for fluid layers with quite large aspect ratios. It turns out that, even for small inclination angles $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}\lesssim 6^{\circ }$, the secondary instabilities of the basic rolls lead either to oscillatory three-dimensional patterns or to stationary ones, which appear alternately with increasing $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$. Due to the competition of these instabilities the patterns may show a complex dynamics.
Topology-based characterization of compressibility effects in mixing layers
Authors: Arun S. , Sameen A. , Srinivasan B. , Girimaji S. S.
Published: July 2019

Direct numerical simulations of high-speed mixing layers are used to characterize the effects of compressibility on the basis of local streamline topology and vortical structure. Temporal simulations of the mixing layers are performed using a finite volume gas-kinetic scheme for convective Mach numbers ranging from $M_{c}=0.2$ to $M_{c}=1.2$. The focus of the study is on the transient development and the main objectives are to (i) investigate and characterize the turbulence suppression mechanism conditioned upon local streamline topology; and (ii) examine changes in the vortex vector field – distribution, magnitude and orientation – as a function of Mach number. We first reaffirm that kinetic energy suppression with increasing Mach number is due to a decrease in pressure–strain redistribution. Then, we examine the suppression mechanism conditioned upon topology and vortex structure. Conditional statistics indicate that (i) at a given Mach number, shear-dominated topologies generally exhibit more effective pressure–strain redistribution than vortical topologies; and (ii) for a given topology, the level of pressure–strain correlation mostly decreases with increasing Mach number. At each topology, with increasing Mach number, there is a corresponding decrease in turbulent shear stress and production leading to reduced kinetic energy. Further, as $M_{c}$ increases, the proportion of vortex-dominated regions in the flow increases, leading to further reduction in the turbulent kinetic energy of the flow. Then, the orientation of vortical structures and direction of fluid rotation are examined using the vortex vector approach of Tian et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 849, 2018, pp. 312–339). At higher $M_{c}$, the vortex vectors tend to be more aligned in the streamwise direction in contrast to low $M_{c}$ wherein larger angles with streamwise direction are preferred. The connection between vortex orientation and kinetic energy production is also investigated. The findings lead to improved insight into turbulence suppression dynamics in high Mach number turbulent flows.
Beyond the Simple Association Between Romantic Attachment Insecurity and Dyadic Coping: An Examination of Romantic Perfectionism as a Mediator
Authors: Lafontaine Marie-France , Péloquin Katherine , Levesque Christine , Azzi Stéphanie , Daigle Marie-Pierre , Brassard Audrey
Published: July 2019

This study examined the mediating role of romantic perfectionism in the associations linking romantic attachment insecurity and self-perceived dyadic coping in a community sample of 170 mixed-sex couples. Path analyses, based on the actor-partner interdependence model, revealed that other-oriented perfectionism in men and women mediated the link between their own attachment-related avoidance and dyadic coping. Other-oriented perfectionism in women mediated the link between their own attachment-related anxiety and dyadic coping. Findings contribute to advancing knowledge about the intrapersonal and interpersonal mechanisms underlying coping processes in couples. Results also inform clinical interventions targeting attachment insecurities and perfectionism in the context of romantic relationships.
WEAK SATURATION AND WEAK AMALGAMATION PROPERTY
Authors: DI LIBERTI IVAN
Published: July 2019

We study the two model-theoretic concepts of weak saturation and weak amalgamation property in the context of accessible categories. We relate these two concepts providing sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of weakly saturated objects of an accessible category ${\cal K}$. We discuss the implications of this fact in classical model theory.
Ethnic Conflicts in Hillside Borderlands. A study on headhunting in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Taiwan
Authors: HUNG LI-WAN
Published: July 2019

This article examines ethnic conflicts in hillside borderlands, with special emphasis on the tradition of headhunting. Moreover, this study investigates how the self-autonomous new settlers negotiated with the aboriginal tribes to establish their living space, as well as the social relationships that were formed as a result. The findings of this study reveal, on the one hand, the multiple meanings of the headhunting custom and its evolution following the influx of new settlers and under Qing statecraft, and, on the other hand, shed light on how immigrants established their living space in the face of complex ethnic relationships and conflicts in the hillside borderlands. Although the practice of headhunting did not have its roots in conflicts between mountain inhabitants (shengfan) and plains immigrants (shufan and Han Chinese), changes in the nature and scale of headhunting in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were the result of the mass influx of new settlers and state intervention. In borderland regions where government authority was not well established, immigrants were left to fend for themselves and were much affected by the local cultural environment. Hence, when analysing the development of immigrant society or local history, due attention should be paid to the social traditions and characteristics of native inhabitants, which often provided the background and underlying reasons for ethnic conflicts.
Tradition and Modernity in Scruton's Aesthetics
Authors: Hughes Samuel
Published: July 2019

During the last century, most Western artists abandoned the traditional forms of Western art. Two closely related questions arise at once: why did artists do this, and were they right to? Scruton is famous for arguing that the answer to the latter question is no. His response to the former question is, by contrast, little known. In this paper, I investigate Scruton's discussions of it, arguing that a more complex and equivocal picture of the relationship between tradition and modernity quickly emerges. Scruton actually gives two mutually inconsistent genealogies of the flight from tradition. The first, surprisingly, is inconsistent with Scruton's defence of traditional forms, as well as with a number of his other commitments. The second coheres better with his other commitments, and on one version is consistent with his traditionalism. To vindicate his traditionalism this way, however, Scruton would be constrained to make an interesting and significant commitment.
Reactionary Internationalism: the philosophy of the New Right
Authors: de Orellana Pablo , Michelsen Nicholas
Published: July 2019

What does the New Right want from international relations? In this article, we argue that the philosophy of the New Right is not reducible to a negation of internationalism. The New Right coalesce around a conceptualisation of the international driven by analytics and critiques of specific subjects, norms and practices, that should be treated as a distinct international theoretical offering. We refer to this vision as Reactionary Internationalism. This article examines and locates this vision within the intellectual history of nationalism and internationalism by drawing on poststructuralist approaches to intellectual history and drawing evidence from a discourse analysis of recent Lega, Front National, Brexit, and Trump campaigns. We find that, rather than advocating for the end of internationalism, the New Right seeks to reconstitute its normative architecture on the basis of inequality among identities. This entails dismantling liberal economic and rights-based norms and reframing them around transactionalism and power grounded on identity. Reactionary Internationalism emerges as a distinct philosophy that identifies a hegemonic normative bind and advocates its unravelling so as to liberate subjects understood as defined by their birth-cultural identity.
ON VARIABILITY OF SERIES AND PARALLEL SYSTEMS WITH HETEROGENEOUS COMPONENTS
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Ding Weiyong , Zhao Peng
Published: July 2019

This paper studies the variability of both series and parallel systems comprised of heterogeneous (and dependent) components. Sufficient conditions are established for the star and dispersive orderings between the lifetimes of parallel [series] systems consisting of dependent components having multiple-outlier proportional hazard rates and Archimedean [Archimedean survival] copulas. We also prove that, without any restriction on the scale parameters, the lifetime of a parallel or series system with independent heterogeneous scaled components is larger than that with independent homogeneous scaled components in the sense of the convex transform order. These results generalize some corresponding ones in the literature to the case of dependent scenarios or general settings of components lifetime distributions.
Germination characteristics and the relationship between population structure, soil seed bank density and fire response in the rare endemic Stachystemon vinosus (Halford & R.J.F.Hend.) (Euphorbiaceae) from southern Western Australia
Authors: Vincent Brian J. , Barrett Sarah , Cochrane Anne , Renton Michael
Published: July 2019

The regeneration niche defines the specific environmental requirements of the early phases of a plant's life cycle. It is critical for the long-term persistence of plant populations, particularly for obligate seeders that are highly vulnerable to stochastic events in fire-prone ecosystems. Here, we assessed germination characteristics and the relationship between population structure, soil seed bank density and fire response in Stachystemon vinosus (Euphorbiaceae), a rare endemic shrub from Western Australia, from burnt and long unburnt habitats. Many plants in long unburnt habitat were similar in size to those in recently burnt habitat. Soil seed bank density was related to plant abundance and fire history with density lower in burnt than unburnt sites. Thus, inter-fire recruitment may play a critical role in the requirements of the study species. To assess the dormancy status and germination requirements we used a ‘move-along’ experiment with temperatures from six seasonal phases of the year. Seeds were incubated under light and dark conditions, with and without smoked water, and with and without dry after-ripening. Germination was most effective when seeds were treated with smoked water and incubated in the dark at temperatures resembling autumn/winter conditions. After-ripening increased germination in light and dark incubated seeds in the absence of smoked water but was unnecessary for optimal germination in smoked water treated seeds. Irrespective of treatment, seeds showed a requirement for cooler temperatures for germination. These results suggest that rising temperatures and changes in fire regime associated with global warming may alter future germination responses of Stachystemon vinosus.
The stochastic full balance sheet model
Authors: Curry Bill
Published: July 2019

This paper describes the use of a stochastic model of the full regulatory balance sheet of an insurer under the Solvency II regime. The purpose of the model is to enable firms to understand the key risks that threaten the regulatory solvency of the firm and therefore its long-term business objectives.
Compensatory Coping Through the Extension of Working Hours
Authors: Stein Maie , Vincent-Höper Sylvie , Deci Nicole , Gregersen Sabine , Nienhaus Albert
Published: July 2019

Abstract. To advance knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between leadership and employees’ well-being, this study examines leaders’ effects on their employees’ compensatory coping efforts. Using an extension of the job demands–resources model, we propose that high-quality leader–member exchange (LMX) allows employees to cope with high job demands without increasing their effort expenditure through the extension of working hours. Data analyses ( N = 356) revealed that LMX buffers the effect of quantitative demands on the extension of working hours such that the indirect effect of quantitative demands on emotional exhaustion is only significant at low and average levels of LMX. This study indicates that integrating leadership with employees’ coping efforts into a unifying model contributes to understanding how leadership is related to employees’ well-being. The notion that leaders can affect their employees’ use of compensatory coping efforts that detract from well-being offers promising approaches to the promotion of workplace health.
Selbstregulation im Bewerbungsprozess
Authors: Traum Anne
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung. Der Affekt (AV) von Bewerberinnen und Bewerbern ( N = 173) und seine Änderungen im Bewerbungsprozess wurde basierend auf der Selbstregulations-Theorie untersucht. Der Affekt wurde erstmals explizit und implizit unmittelbar vor und nach typischen Aufgaben (Stellenauswahl, Interview) in einem realitätsnah simulierten, mehrwöchigen Bewerbungsprozess erfasst. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels 2-faktoriellem between-within-subjects-Design mit den Faktoren (UV ) Handlungskontrolle und Bewerbungsprozess. Separate Analysen zeigen signifikante Haupteffekte ( p < .001) von Bewerbungsprozess und Handlungskontrolle auf den positiven und negativen expliziten und den negativen impliziten Affekt. Handlungsorientierte Bewerberinnen und Bewerber berichten mehr positiven Affekt (explizit) und weniger negativen Affekt (explizit, implizit) als lageorientierte Bewerberinnen und Bewerber. Die Korrelation impliziten und expliziten negativen Affekts vor und nach dem Interview ähnelt der unter neutralen Bedingungen. Die Befunde sprechen für vorteilhafte Selbstdarstellung, jedoch nicht für eine Verstellung der Bewerberinnen und Bewerber. Handlungskontrolle beeinflusst den impliziten und expliziten Affekt der Bewerbenden und so ihre affektive Selbstpräsentation.
Depressive Symptoms and Blood Pressure
Authors: Montano Diego
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In the present investigation it is hypothesized that depressive symptoms and antidepressant therapy are associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, in additional analyses, the interaction effects of age, gender, and depressive symptoms are estimated, and discussed in the context of previous findings. Data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) were analyzed ( N = 7,987) by means of multi-response Bayesian hierarchical regression models. Missing data were imputed by the method of chain equations. Independent variables included depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication, gender, age, smoking, physical activity, family history of hypertension, body mass index, and antihypertensive medication. The estimates obtained in the multi-response model revealed that depressive symptoms were negatively associated with arterial blood pressure (−0.09, 99% CI [−0.147; −0.040]). Antidepressant therapy was found to be positively associated with increased blood pressure (1.035, 99% CI [0.333; 1.990]). There were negative interaction effects of depressive symptoms and age among women only (−0.006 99% CI [−0.010; −0.001]). The results agree with previous findings reporting a negative association between depressive symptoms and blood pressure. In addition, regarding the trajectory of blood pressure across the lifespan, interaction effects of depressive symptoms and age were found among females. The results indicate a linear increase in blood pressure with increasing age which, however, tends to flatten and decrease by around age 55 in both males and females. Potential physiological mechanisms may be related to affect regulation taking place at higher levels of cognitive processing and affecting blood pressure regulation, and/or cardiovascular mechanisms related to cerebral blood flow, arterial blood pressure, and depressive symptoms which have not been sufficiently explained so far.
Hypothetical Versus Real Monetary Reward Decrease the Behavioral and Affective Effects in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task
Authors: Xu Sihua , Xiao Zhiguo , Rao Hengyi
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A critical question is whether the same decision-making processes underlie task performance with hypothetical and real money as rewards. Across two studies, we administered the Balloon Analogue Risk Task to healthy young adults under these two reward conditions. We found that participants displayed greater risk aversion during trials immediately after the balloon exploded in the previous trial in case the reward was real money, than if the reward was hypothetical money and exhibited greater subjective ratings of regret following losing trials. Moreover, subjective regret ratings after the balloon exploded in the previous trial with real money correlated with risk-taking behavior changes in the current trial, whereas we did not observe this correlation with hypothetical monetary rewards. In addition, when we manipulated the real money amounts to be large or small, participants were more risk averse in the large real money condition compared to the real money amount, whereas we did not observe these differences with varying amounts of hypothetical money.
Global Estimates of the Energy Transfer From the Wind to the Ocean, With Emphasis on Near‐Inertial Oscillations
Authors: Flexas M. Mar , Thompson Andrew F. , Torres Hector S. , Klein Patrice , Farrar J. Thomas , Zhang Hong , Menemenlis Dimitris
Published: July 2019

Estimates of the kinetic energy transfer from the wind to the ocean are often limited by the spatial and temporal resolution of surface currents and surface winds. Here we examine the wind work in a pair of global, very high‐resolution (1/48° and 1/24°) MIT general circulation model simulations in Latitude‐Longitude‐polar Cap (LLC) configuration that provide hourly output at spatial resolutions of a few kilometers and include tidal forcing. A cospectrum analysis of wind stress and ocean surface currents shows positive contribution at large scales (>300 km) and near‐inertial frequency and negative contribution from mesoscales, tidal frequencies, and internal gravity waves. Larger surface kinetic energy fluxes are in the Kuroshio in winter at large scales (40 mW/m2) and mesoscales (−30 mW/m2). The Kerguelen region is dominated by large scale (∼20 mW/m2), followed by inertial oscillations in summer (13 mW/m2) and mesoscale in winter (−12 mW/m2). Kinetic energy fluxes from internal gravity waves (−0.1 to −9.9 mW/m2) are generally stronger in summer. Surface kinetic energy fluxes in the LLC simulations are 4.71 TW, which is 25–85% higher than previous global estimates from coarser (1/6–1/10°) general ocean circulation models; this is likely due to improved representation of wind variability (6‐hourly, 0.14°, operational European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts). However, the low wind power input to the near‐inertial frequency band obtained with LLC (0.16 TW) compared to global slab models suggests that wind variability on time scales less than 6 hr and spatial scales less than 15 km are critical to better representing the wind power input in ocean circulation models.
Identification of a novel EphB4 phosphodegron regulated by the autocrine IGFII/IRA axis in malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Scalia Pierluigi , Pandini Giuseppe , Carnevale Vincenzo , Giordano Antonio , Williams Stephen J.
Published: July 2019

Malignant mesothelioma is a deadly disease with limited therapeutic options. EphB4 is an oncogenic tyrosine kinase receptor expressed in malignant mesothelioma as well as in a variety of cancers. It is involved in tumor microenvironment mediating angiogenesis and invasive cellular effects via both EphrinB2 ligand-dependent and independent mechanisms. The molecular network underlying EphB4 oncogenic effects is still unclear. Here we show that EphB4 expression in malignant mesothelioma cells is markedly decreased upon neutralization of cancer-secreted IGF-II. In particular, we demonstrate that EphB4 protein expression in malignant mesothelioma cells depend upon a degradation rescue mechanism controlled by the autocrine IGF-II-insulin receptor-A specific signaling axis. We show that the regulation of EphB4 expression is linked to a competing post-translational modification of its carboxy-terminal tail via phosphorylation of its tyrosine 987 by the Insulin receptor isoform-A kinase-associated activity in response to the autocrine IGF-II stimuli. Neutralization of this autocrine-induced EphB4-phosphorylation by IGF-II associates with the increased ubiquitination of EphB4 carboxy-terminal tail and with its rapid degradation. We also describe a novel Ubiquitin binding motif in the targeted region as part of the identified EphB4 phosphodegron and provide 3D modeling data supporting a possible model for the acute EphB4 PTM-driven regulation by IGF-II. Altogether, these findings disclose a novel molecular mechanism for the maintenance of EphB4-expression in malignant mesothelioma cells and other IGF-II-secreting cancers (IGF2omas).
Local dynamics within the glass transition domain
Authors: Godey François , Fleury Alexandre , Soldera Armand
Published: July 2019

The glass transition of an amorphous material is a fundamental property characterized by an abrupt change in viscosity. Its very knowledge was a conundrum as no satisfying theory existed at the molecular level. We herein relate this complex phenomenon to events occurring at the molecular scale. By studying conformational transitions in the carbon-chain polymer of polyethylene, we clearly establish a relation between local dynamics and the classical dihedral potential energy diagram of a carbon-carbon bond. This methodology is applied to a carbon-chain polymer with a side-group, polystyrene. A direct link is proved between activation energy and glass transition temperature. This work thus provides the cornerstone for linking molecular structure to macroscopic polymer properties, and in particular, the glass transition temperature.
Effect of inter-layer spin diffusion on skyrmion motion in magnetic multilayers
Authors: Lepadatu Serban
Published: July 2019

It is well known that skyrmions can be driven using spin-orbit torques due to the spin-Hall effect. Here we show an additional contribution in multilayered stacks arises from vertical spin currents due to inter-layer diffusion of a spin accumulation generated at a skyrmion. This additional interfacial spin torque is similar in form to the in-plane spin transfer torque, but is significantly enhanced in ultra-thin films and acts in the opposite direction to the electron flow. The combination of this diffusive spin torque and the spin-orbit torque results in skyrmion motion which helps to explain the observation of small skyrmion Hall angles even with moderate magnetisation damping values. Further, the effect of material imperfections on threshold currents and skyrmion Hall angle is also investigated. Topographical surface roughness, as small as a single monolayer variation, is shown to be an important contributing factor in ultra-thin films, resulting in good agreement with experimental observations.
Incidence and severity of transient hypothyroxinaemia of prematurity associated with survival without composite morbidities in extremely low birth weight infants
Authors: Yoon Shin Ae , Chang Yun Sil , Ahn So Yoon , Sung Se In , Park Won Soon
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the incidence of transient hypothyroxinaemia of prematurity (THOP) associated with survival without composite morbidities and the predictability of THOP severity in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 546 ELBWIs who underwent initial thyroid function tests within 14 postnatal days, with 156 ELBWIs from 2000 to 2005 (period I) and 390 from 2006 to 2013 (period II). The infants were stratified into 23–24, 25–26 and 27–28 weeks’ gestation subgroups within each period; the initial thyroxine (T4) level, mortality, clinical characteristics and composite morbidities, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular haemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and retinopathy of prematurity were analysed. The predictive value of the initial T4 level, Apgar score at 5 min, and clinical risk index for babies II (CRIB II) score for estimating mortality and survival with or without composite morbidities was assessed. Comparing period II and period I, the incidence of THOP was significantly decreased along with significantly increased survival without composite morbidities in ELBWIs at 25–28 weeks’ gestation. The severity of THOP showed significant associations with mortality and composite morbidities. The initial T4 level was most effective for predicting outcome compared with Apgar and CRIB II scores.
Genome assembly of Nannochloropsis oceanica provides evidence of host nucleus overthrow by the symbiont nucleus during speciation
Authors: Guo Li , Liang Sijie , Zhang Zhongyi , Liu Hang , Wang Songwen , Pan Kehou , Xu Jian , Ren Xue , Pei Surui , Yang Guanpin
Published: July 2019

The species of the genusNannochloropsisare unique in their maintenance of a nucleus-plastid continuum throughout their cell cycle, non-motility and asexual reproduction. These characteristics should have been endorsed in their gene assemblages (genomes). Here we show thatN. oceanicahas a genome of 29.3 Mb consisting of 32 pseudochromosomes and containing 7,330 protein-coding genes; and the host nucleus may have been overthrown by an ancient red alga symbiont nucleus during speciation through secondary endosymbiosis. In addition,N. oceanicahas lost its flagella and abilities to undergo meiosis and sexual reproduction, and adopted a genome reduction strategy during speciation. We propose thatN. oceanicaemerged through the active fusion of a host protist and a photosynthesizing ancient red alga and the symbiont nucleus became dominant over the host nucleus while the chloroplast was wrapped by two layers of endoplasmic reticulum. Our findings evidenced an alternative speciation pathway of eukaryotes.
Optimal methodology for explicit solvation prediction of band edges of transition metal oxide photocatalysts
Authors: Park Kyoung-Won , Kolpak Alexie M.
Published: July 2019

The conduction and valence band edges (ECandEV) of a material relative to the water redox potential levels are critical factors governing photocatalytic water splitting activity. Here we discuss the large discrepancy in the experimentally measuredECandEVof various transition metal oxides (TMOs) in vacuum and in an aqueous solution. We speculate that the discrepancy stems from the different degree of electron transfer across the surface due to the different environment at the surface of the TMOs in vacuum and water. Accurately modeling the electronic structure at TMO/water interfaces is a significant challenge, however. Using first-principles density functional theory calculations on rutile titanium dioxide and cobalt monoxide model systems, here we identify the optimal approaches to accurately predict the band edge positions in vacuum and water. We then validate the optimized schemes on other TMOs, demonstrating good agreement with experimental measurements in both vacuum and water.
One-pot synthesis of cyclodextrin-based radial poly[n]catenanes
Authors: Higashi Taishi , Morita Kentaro , Song Xia , Zhu Jingling , Tamura Atsushi , Yui Nobuhiko , Motoyama Keiichi , Arima Hidetoshi , Li Jun
Published: July 2019

Supermolecules such as rotaxanes and catenanes have recently attracted considerable attention due to their potential widespread applications in areas such as molecular machines and switches. Moreover, the development of polyrotaxanes and polycatenanes, comprising multiple cyclic compounds, has allowed the fabrication of structures with novel properties. Although rotaxanes and polyrotaxanes have been extensively prepared from cyclodextrins as building blocks, very few studies have considered the syntheses of cyclodextrin-based polycatenanes. Here we report the one-pot syntheses and isolation of cyclodextrin-based radial polycatenanes with large numbers of cyclic components (>10) attached to a poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(propylene glycol)–poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer core, with characterization performed using Raman spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and other techniques. Overall, the results presented herein may be used to develop advanced supramolecular structures and materials, such as molecular machines, molecular actuators, molecular switches, biomaterials, and drug carriers.
Author Correction: Computational polymorph screening reveals late-appearing and poorly-soluble form of rotigotine
Authors: Mortazavi Majid , Hoja Johannes , Aerts Luc , Quéré Luc , van de Streek Jacco , Neumann Marcus A. , Tkatchenko Alexandre
Published: July 2019

In the original version of this Article, there was an error in the address for affiliation 4. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Spectroscopy of the superconducting proximity effect in nanowires using integrated quantum dots
Authors: Jünger Christian , Baumgartner Andreas , Delagrange Raphaëlle , Chevallier Denis , Lehmann Sebastian , Nilsson Malin , Dick Kimberly A. , Thelander Claes , Schönenberger Christian
Published: July 2019

The superconducting proximity effect has recently attracted a renewed interest as the basis of topologically nontrivial states in materials with a large spin–orbit interaction, with protected boundary states useful for quantum information technologies. However, spectroscopy of these states is challenging because of the limited control of conventional tunnel barriers. Here we report electronic spectroscopy measurements of the proximity gap in a semiconducting indium arsenide nanowire segment coupled to a superconductor, using quantum dots formed deterministically during the crystal growth. We extract characteristic parameters describing the proximity gap, which is suppressed for lower electron densities and fully developed for larger ones. This gate-tunable transition of the proximity effect can be understood as a transition from the long to the short junction regime of subgap bound states in the NW segment. Our device architecture opens up the way to systematic, quantitative spectroscopy studies of subgap states, such as Majorana-bound states.
Nuclear-spin dependent parity violation in optically trapped polyatomic molecules
Authors: Norrgard E. B. , Barker D. S. , Eckel S. , Fedchak J. A. , Klimov N. N. , Scherschligt J.
Published: July 2019

Improved nuclear spin-dependent parity violation measurements will enable experimental determination of poorly known electroweak coupling parameters. Here, we investigate the suitability of optically trapped linear polyatomic molecules as probes of nuclear spin-dependent parity violation. The presence of closely spaced, opposite-parity $$\ell$$
ℓ
-doublets is a general feature of such molecules, allowing parity-violation-sensitive pairs of levels to be brought to degeneracy in magnetic fields typically 100 times smaller than in diatomics. Assuming laser cooling and trapping of polyatomics at the current state-of-the-art for diatomics, we expect to measure nuclear spin-dependent parity-violating matrix elements iW with 70 times better sensitivity than the current best measurements. Our scheme should allow for 10% measurements of iW in nuclei as light as Be or as heavy as Yb, with averaging times on the order of 10 days and 1 s, respectively.
Probing cell–nanoparticle (cubosome) interactions at the endothelial interface: do tissue dimension and flow matter?
Authors: Tan Angel , Lam Yuen Yi , Pacot Olivier , Hawley Adrian , Boyd Ben J.
Published: July 2019

Nanostructured lipid-based particles interacted differently with human endothelial cells in classical 2D versus dynamic 3D vasculature bio-nano testing platforms.
Development of rhamnose-rich hydrogels based on sulfated xylorhamno-uronic acid toward wound healing applications
Authors: Chen Xifang , Yue Zhilian , Winberg Pia C. , Dinoro Jeremy N. , Hayes Patricia , Beirne Stephen , Wallace Gordon G.
Published: July 2019

3D printing of sulphated, rhamnose-rich hydrogels, using a seaweed extract from a controlled source of Australian ulvacean macroalgae, for wound healing.
Fluorinated porous organic frameworks for improved CO2 and CH4 capture
Authors: Comotti A. , Castiglioni F. , Bracco S. , Perego J. , Pedrini A. , Negroni M. , Sozzani P.
Published: July 2019

Hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR highlights open porosity of fluorinated organic frameworks which show CO2 and CH4 capture with high selectivity towards N2.
A dye@MOF crystalline probe serving as a platform for ratiometric sensing of trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a carcinogen metabolite in human urine
Authors: Wang Bing-Hui , Yan Bing
Published: July 2019

Novel microporous dual-emitting dye@MOF FS@1 hybrid has been designed and prepared to effectively detect TCA, the biomarker for carcinogenic TCE in human urine.
Optimizing linear polymer affinity agent properties for surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of aflatoxin B1
Authors: Szlag Victoria M. , Rodriguez Rebeca S. , Jung Seyoung , Bourgeois Marc R. , Bryson Samuel , Purchel Anatolii , Schatz George C. , Haynes Christy L. , Reineke Theresa M.
Published: July 2019

A series of poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) (pNAGA) polymers were synthesized and studied as capture agents for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a highly carcinogenic food-borne toxin.
A Ag nanoparticle functionalized Sg-C3N4/Bi2O3 2D nanohybrid: a promising visible light harnessing photocatalyst towards degradation of rhodamine B and tetracycline
Authors: Padhiari Sandip , Hota G.
Published: July 2019

Optimum Ag loading and hetero-junction formation of a Sg-C3N4/Bi2O3/Ag (15%) 2D-nanohybrid are responsible for enhanced degradation of RhB and TCH under visible light.
Diels–Alder reaction on perylenediimides: synthesis and theoretical study of core-expanded diimides
Authors: Zink-Lorre Nathalie , Doncel-Giménez Azahara , Font-Sanchis Enrique , Calbo Joaquín , Sastre-Santos Ángela , Ortí Enrique , Fernández-Lázaro Fernando
Published: July 2019

(Un)substituted perylenediimides react with (un)functionalized benzynes yielding core-expanded diimides.
Porous organic polymers as heterogeneous ligands for highly selective hydroacylation
Authors: Jiang Ya-Nan , Li Ding-Chang , Yang Ying , Zhan Zhuang-Ping
Published: July 2019

A porous organic polymer (POL-dppe) was synthesized and employed as a heterogeneous ligand for selective hydroacylation of alkynes.
Highly uniform monolayer graphene synthesis via a facile pretreatment of copper catalyst substrates using an ammonium persulfate solution
Authors: Jeong Hyunhak , Hwang Wang-Taek , Song Younggul , Kim Jae-Keun , Kim Youngrok , Hihath Joshua , Chung Seungjun , Lee Takhee
Published: July 2019

A facile method for preparing a pretreated copper catalyst substrate for highly uniform, large-area CVD graphene growth is proposed.
The effect of excess selenium on the opto-electronic properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 prepared from Cu–Sn alloy precursors
Authors: Taskesen Teoman , Pareek Devendra , Neerken Janet , Schoneberg Johannes , Hirwa Hippolyte , Nowak David , Parisi Jürgen , Gütay Levent
Published: July 2019

This study show the influence of selenium amount during annealing of kesterite on the elemental composition of absorber and on the opto-electronic properties of solar cells. Enhanced carrier collection leads to device efficiencies approaching 12%.
Negative threshold voltage shift in an a-IGZO thin film transistor under X-ray irradiation
Authors: Kim Dong-Gyu , Kim Jong-Un , Lee Jun-Sun , Park Kwon-Shik , Chang Youn-Gyoung , Kim Myeong-Ho , Choi Duck-Kyun
Published: July 2019

We studied the effect of X-ray irradiation on the negative threshold voltage shift of bottom-gate a-IGZO TFT. Based on spectroscopic analyses, we found that this behavior was caused by hydrogen incorporation and oxygen vacancy ionization.
Kinetics and reactor modeling of the conversion of n-pentane using HZSM-5 catalysts with different Si/Al ratios
Authors: Cordero-Lanzac Tomás , Aguayo Andrés T. , Castaño Pedro , Bilbao Javier
Published: July 2019

The production of olefins and aromatics from n-pentane using two ZSM-5 catalysts is faithfully predicted by a versatile kinetic model.
Soft electrowetting
Authors: Dey Ranabir , van Gorcum Mathijs , Mugele Frieder , Snoeijer Jacco H.
Published: July 2019

The statics of soft electrowetting is not affected by the viscoelasticity of the soft dielectric, but the dynamics is.
Porous boron nitride for combined CO2 capture and photoreduction
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Sachs Michael , Francàs Laia , Lubert-Perquel Daphné , Kerherve Gwilherm , Regoutz Anna , Petit Camille
Published: July 2019

Moving from hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), a well-known crystalline insulator, to amorphous BN, leads to the creation of a semiconductor able to photoreduce CO2 in the gas/solid phase, under UV-vis and pure visible light.
Forced coplanarity of dithienofluorene-based non-fullerene acceptors to achieve high-efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Cao Fong-Yi , Huang Po-Kai , Su Yen-Chen , Huang Wen-Chia , Chang Shao-Ling , Hung Kai-En , Cheng Yen-Ju
Published: July 2019

This work clearly demonstrates the importance of chemical planarization in designing high-performance nonfullerene acceptors and the ternary-blend device using PBDB-T:DTFT9-FIC:PC71BM achieved a high PCE of 11.82%.
Sound‐quality diagnosis method of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles based on critical band analysis
Authors: Ma Conggan , An Yuansheng , Liu Lantao , Degano Michele , Ning Xingjiang , Zhang Jijian , Gao Peng , Lu Haifeng
Published: July 2019

As it has been widely and wrongly believed that noises at any frequency of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are positively correlated with subjective annoyance, reducing sound pressure level or sound power level of PMSM is mostly regarded as the only optimisation goal of sound quality (SQ). This study presents a sensitive critical band (SCB) diagnostic method for SQ of PMSM for electric vehicles (EV). First, a new acquisition method of near‐field noises without sound attenuation of PMSM was proposed and a neural network model for SQ evaluation was established to determine the specific operating condition with the worst SQ. Second, the band‐pass filter of CB (BPFCB) and band‐stop filter of CB (BSFCB) were designed to diagnose positive SCBs or negative SCBs in which noises were positively or negatively correlated with the subjective annoyance, respectively. Finally, the major excitation sources of abnormal noises in SCBs were diagnosed by using the analytical calculation. An 8‐pole‐48‐slot PMSM was considered as a case study to testify to the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method. It may provide a new route for the precise SQ optimisation of PMSM.
Compact metamaterial inspired conformal dual‐band antenna loaded with meander lines and fractal shaped inductor for Wi‐Fi and WiMAX applications
Authors: Sahoo Ratikanta , Vakula Damera
Published: July 2019

In this study, a novel metamaterial inspired compact cylindrical conformal dual‐band antenna with a shunt fractal inductor and bottom patch is proposed. The conformal antenna consists of three meander lines type unit cells of composite right/left‐handed metamaterials for modification and compactness. To improve the operating bandwidth in the first band i.e at 2.45 GHz, a shunt fractal inductor with large inductance is proposed. A similar patch with a slot along the bottom side is additionally used for better impedance matching. The second band at 3.5 GHz is obtained due to the loading of two meander line unit cells on the patch as parasitic elements. The proposed conformal antenna is placed on a 15 mm radius cylinder whose equivalent planar dimension is 0.48λg × 0.36λg (where λg is the guided wavelength). Asymmetrical coplanar waveguide feed is implemented. Measurement results showed that the proposed cylindrical conformal antenna achieves a wideband −10 dB fractional bandwidth of 44.5% and a gain of 1.26 dBi at the operating frequency of 2.45 GHz and 4.5% of bandwidth and a gain of 2.2 dBi at the 3.5 GHz. The radiation efficiency is 70 and 86% at the said frequencies respectively. There is good agreement between measured and simulation data.
Feasibility analysis of GRIDSOL technology in Fuerteventura: A case study
Authors: Fedato E. , Baldini M. , Dalla Riva A. , Mora Alvarez D. F. , Wiuff A.K. , Hethey J. , Cerrajero E. , Estebaranz J.M.
Published: July 2019

The power sector is experiencing a considerable transformation, shifting primary sources of energy production towards more sustainable alternatives. Despite the benefits, the increasing penetration of renewable raised concerns in terms of intermittency and unpredictability of electricity production, challenging the balance between demand and supply. To this end, the GRIDSOL project proposes Smart Renewable Hubs designed to provide a single and steady output of electricity combining different renewable and storage technologies such as concentrated solar power, photovoltaic, electrical and thermal batteries. This study investigates the technical application and economic feasibility of GRIDSOL for the case of Fuerteventura. Based on different technology configurations, the outcomes show a relevant role of the concentrated solar power plant, replacing diesel plants for electricity generation. In one configuration, GRIDSOL can provide up to 68% of the energy consumption, with a capacity factor of 67% for the concentrated solar power plant and a 24% CO2 emission reduction compared to 2016 levels. The economic assessment, performed over different scenarios, shows that the applicability of GRIDSOL in the Canary system requires support in terms of investments grants on the capital expenditure (58% of the costs) or as feed‐in premiums on energy production (54–67 €/MWh) to break‐even.
Investigation into linear generators with integrated magnetic gear for wave energy power take off
Authors: McGilton Ben , Almoraya Ahmed A. , Raihan Raihan , Crozier Richard , Baker Nick J. , Mueller Markus
Published: July 2019

This work presents a new wave energy converter power take off (PTO) system that combines two recent developments in drive train technology, the consequent pole linear vernier hybrid permanent magnet machine and the linear magnetic gear. The combined system is fully realised in three‐dimensional finite element method and compared to a similar direct drive machine. While the resulting system is lighter, reducing the active material mass by 30%, and more efficient, the system requires larger amounts of high cost permanent magnet material and increased PTO complexity. It is summarised that while such a system could be recommended in certain conditions, it is not viable for general application.
The inner two degrees of the Milky Way
Authors: Schultheis M. , Rich R. M. , Origlia L. , Ryde N. , Nandakumar G. , Thorsbro B. , Neumayer N.
Published: July 2019

Context. Although there have been numerous studies of chemical abundances in the Galactic bulge, the central two degrees have been relatively unexplored due to the heavy and variable interstellar extinction, extreme stellar crowding, and the presence of complex foreground disk stellar populations.

Aims. In this paper we discuss the metallicity distribution function, vertical and radial gradients, and chemical abundances of α-elements in the inner two degrees of the Milky Way, as obtained by recent IR spectroscopic surveys.

Methods. We used a compilation of recent measurements of metallicities and α-element abundances derived from medium-high resolution spectroscopy. We compare these metallicities with low-resolution studies.

Results. Defining “metal-rich” as stars with [Fe/H] >  0, and “metal-poor” as stars with [Fe/H] <  0, we find compelling evidence for a higher fraction (∼80%) of metal-rich stars in the Galactic Center (GC) compared to the values (50–60%) measured in the low latitude fields within the innermost 600 pc. The high fraction of metal-rich stars in the GC region implies a very high mean metallicity of +0.2 dex, while in the inner 600 pc of the bulge the mean metallicity is rather homogenous around the solar value. A vertical metallicity gradient of −0.27 dex kpc−1 in the inner 600 pc is only measured if the GC is included, otherwise the distribution is about flat and consistent with no vertical gradient.

Conclusions. In addition to its high stellar density, the Galactic center/nuclear star cluster is also extreme in hosting high stellar abundances, compared to the surrounding inner bulge stellar populations; this has implications for formation scenarios and strengthens the case for the nuclear star cluster being a distinct stellar system.