bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aboveground biomass corresponds strongly with drone-derived canopy height but weakly with greenness (NDVI) in a shrub tundra landscape
Authors: Cunliffe Andrew M , J Assmann Jakob , N Daskalova Gergana , Kerby Jeffrey T , Myers-Smith Isla H
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Arctic landscapes are changing rapidly in response to warming, but future predictions are hindered by difficulties in scaling ecological relationships from plots to biomes. Unmanned aerial systems (hereafter ‘drones’) are increasingly used to observe Arctic ecosystems over broader extents than can be measured using ground-based approaches and are facilitating the interpretation of coarse-grained remotely sensed data. However, more information is needed about how drone-acquired remote sensing observations correspond with ecosystem attributes such as aboveground biomass. Working across a willow shrub-dominated alluvial fan at a focal study site in the Canadian Arctic, we conducted peak growing season drone surveys with an RGB camera and a multispectral multi-camera array. We derived photogrammetric reconstructions of canopy height and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps along with in situ point-intercept measurements and aboveground vascular biomass harvests from 36, 0.25 m2 plots. We found high correspondence between canopy height measured using in situ point-intercept methods compared to drone-photogrammetry (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.808), although the photogrammetry heights were positively biased by 0.14 m relative to point-intercept heights. Canopy height was strongly and linearly related to aboveground biomass, with similar coefficients of determination for point-intercept (R
2 = 0.92) and drone-based methods (R
2 = 0.90). NDVI was positively related to aboveground biomass, phytomass and leaf biomass. However, NDVI only explained a small proportion of the variance in biomass (R
2 between 0.14 and 0.23 for logged total biomass) and we found moss cover influenced the NDVI-phytomass relationship. Vascular plant biomass is challenging to infer from drone-derived NDVI, particularly in ecosystems where bryophytes cover a large proportion of the land surface. Our findings suggest caution with broadly attributing change in fine-grained NDVI to biomass differences across biologically and topographically complex tundra landscapes. By comparing structural, spectral and on-the-ground ecological measurements, we can improve understanding of tundra vegetation change as inferred from remote sensing.
Framing climate change for effective communication: a systematic map
Authors: Badullovich N , Grant W J , Colvin R M
Published: July 2020

Climate change emerged as an issue of science, but its broad ranging impacts and potential mitigation strategies mean it is of significance to all people across sectors, interests, and nations. As a result, the traditional fact-centred way of communicating information about climate change is not necessarily the best strategy for engaging the full breadth of publics. In communication practice and scholarship, framing is an approach that emphasises certain attributes of an issue over others and as a consequence shapes how that issue is understood. This has led to the scholarly exploration of framing as a technique for tailoring climate change communication to engage diverse publics. Over the past two decades, research has examined a range of different frames for the communication of climate change, such as Public health, National security and Economic prosperity/development. With this literature now rapidly expanding, it is crucial to synthesise existing evidence so that future research efforts and climate communication interventions are best informed about the current knowledge-base and research gaps. This article presents this synthesis in the form of a systematic map. We systematically searched scholarly (Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature databases for English-language climate change framing literature. All articles were screened at the title/abstract and full-text level, with included articles incorporated into a Microsoft (MS) Excel database. The information extracted from the literature included bibliometric, geographical and other data pertaining to study design and the climate change frames examined. Our systematic map includes 274 articles (281 studies). The most common frames appearing in this literature base (making up about 50% of the total) were Scientific, Economic and Environmental. Other frames such as Public health, Disaster and Morality/ethics appear to be gaining more scholarly attention in recent years. Almost half of the collected studies are from the United States but there is a growing trend of studies comparing climate change frames from other countries. Climate change frames are numerous and can have different efficacies depending upon country and social-political context. Research needs to be reflexive in its approach to understand the broader impact of framing in climate change communication and should continue to employ multi-national studies and explore climate change framing effects in under-researched nations to combat bias.
Steady-state fluctuations of a genetic feedback loop with fluctuating rate parameters using the unified colored noise approximation
Authors: Holehouse James , Gupta Abhishek , Grima Ramon
Published: July 2020

A common model of stochastic auto-regulatory gene expression describes promoter switching via cooperative protein binding, effective protein production in the active state and dilution of proteins. Here we consider an extension of this model whereby colored noise with a short correlation time is added to the reaction rate parameters—we show that when the size and timescale of the noise is appropriately chosen it accounts for fast reactions that are not explicitly modeled, e.g., in models with no mRNA description, fluctuations in the protein production rate can account for rapid multiple stages of nuclear mRNA processing which precede translation in eukaryotes. We show how the unified colored noise approximation can be used to derive expressions for the protein number distribution that is in good agreement with stochastic simulations. We find that even when the noise in the rate parameters is small, the protein distributions predicted by our model can be significantly different than models assuming constant reaction rates.
Performance of Paracoccus Solventivorans SP as Sulphur Oxidizing Bacteria to Remove Odour and H2S Has in the Biological Treatment of Malodour
Authors: Farhana F. , Nastaein Q. Z , Tajarudin H. A. , Awang N. A. , Mohd Remy Rozainy M. A. Z
Published: July 2020

The presence of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is one of the most problematic contaminants in biogas which emitted from industrial processes causing odour nuisance to the surrounding community. Thus, the ability of sulphur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) could eliminate H2S by changes it into non-odorous elemental sulfur or sulfate was investigated. Basically, most of identified sulphur oxidizing bacteria belongs to theThiobacillus, Thiothrix, Thiomicrospira, Achromatium, DesulfuromonasandParacoccuswhich occurs in heterotropic bacteria isolated from soil and marine environment. In corresponding of that, about 400 million of palm oil mill effluent (POME) pond found in Malaysia that could be one of the potential supply places for isolation of SOB as it contains elevated concentration of H2S which can support the growth of SOB. To date, many reports utilized SOB can eliminate the high concentration of H2S in environments. Hence, in this study the bacteria ofParacoccus solventivorans ATCC 700252were used as SOB and mixed with media by biofiltration process. Based on final result, these bacteria demonstrated reduction of H2S with removal efficiency 31% to 64.02% with the sulphate content production is 30 mg/l compare without SOB, the removal efficiency of H2S about 23% to 46% with sulphate content production is 12 mg/l after 28 days. The suitable condition for the growth of sulphur oxidizing bacteria affected on H2S removal efficiency from palm oil mill biogas by biofilter system. Besides that, the odour reduction for media with SOB is higher (73.5%) compared to media without SOB (66.9%). The reason for this phenomenon is due to the ability of SOB to absorb the odorous ‘rotten egg’ smell and changes into elemental sulfur that is no longer hazaroud. In this regard, the utilization ofParacoccus solventivorans ATCC 700252will create a new industry for application in the H2S removal and protect the environment from odour pollution.
Geopolymerization of Fly Ashes From 6 Indonesian Power Plants Using A Standardized Recipes
Authors: Hidayati R.E , Anindika G. R. , Faradila F.S. , Pamungkas C.I.B. , Hidayati I. , Prasetyoko D. , Fansuri Hamzah
Published: July 2020

Geopolymers were synthesized using fly ash as raw material from six steam power plants, Adipala (FA1), Indramayu (FA2), Paiton 9 (FA3), Asam-asam (FA4), Pulau Pisang (FA5), and Sanggau (FA6). Fly ash was tested for several characteristics using XRF, XRD, and SEM. XRF analysis showed FA1, FA4, and FA5 included in class C fly ash while FA2, FA3, and FA5 included in class F. The XRD analysis results showed that there were typical peaks of quartz, mullite, calcite, magnetite, and hematite in the fly ash samples. SEM analysis shows the morphology of the fly ash FA1, FA2, FA3, and FA4 spherical with different particle sizes, but in the fly ash FA5 and FA6, the morphological shape is irregular. The highest compressive strength test results obtained by geopolymers made from FA3 after 28 days with compressive strength values of 36.62 MPa. The intensity of the crystalline geopolymer phase decreases when compared to its fly ash. Geopolymer morphology shows the presence of unreacted fly ash particles.
Novelty Studies on Amorphous Silica Nanoparticle Production From Rice Straw Ash
Authors: Uda M.N.A. , Gopinath Subash C.B. , Hashim Uda , Afnan Uda M.N. , Parmin N.A. , Halim N.H. , Anbu Periasamy
Published: July 2020

Turning waste product into the valuable resources is the best alternative way to overcome the waste management issue. Generally, rice is grown and planted twice a year where a lot of rice by-products have been produced after harvesting the matured paddy. Rice straw is one of turning waste products into the valuable resources and to manage the environmental issues. Generally, rice is grown and planted twice a year where a lot of rice by-products are produced. Rices straw is one of the rice by-products, generated roughly 0.7-1.4 kg per kilograms of harvested milled rice. With the nanotechnological approach, silica particles at nano-size can be produced using the incinerated rice straw. In addition to that, this research will report the synthesis, characterization and adsorption analysis towards the heavy metal removal.
High Temperature Cathodic Protection of Fe-Cr Alloy
Authors: Ani M. H. , Azman M. A. F. , Musa M. , Anhar Z. , Hamid M.
Published: July 2020

Power plant industry extensively using ferritic Fe-Cr alloys as boiler materials due to its good resistant to creep, low in thermal shock and thermal expansion. However, the development of new generation of Ultra Supercritical (USC) power plant requires boiler materials to be operate at higher temperature and pressure, thus make it susceptible to high temperature oxidation. The USC power plant successfully reaching the target of working temperature at temperature more than 873K (600°C). By increasing the operating temperature, the efficiency of power plant also increases at the expense of acceleration of high temperature oxidation. This project explored the application of impressed current cathidic protection (ICCP) at 1073 K. At high temperature, gas may dissociates into charged ions that make it possible to conduct electrons. Typical boiler material of T91 was used in high temperature oxidation at 1073K, under Ar-20%O2 mixed gas. The sample is connected to potentiostat with Pt wire to measure the value of corrosion potential (Ecorr), and Icorr. Blank experiment is conducted to determine the presence of reaction by the presence of current conductivity at high temperature in oxygen condition. The weight gain is following parabolic’s rate law, which shows that diffusion is the rate determing step. Blank test shows that as potential induced, current flows from one Pt terminal to another Pt terminal through intermediate mixed gas. Corrosion potential (Ecorr) of the sample show the value is greater than value at room temperature. It is concluded that ICCP is feasible to be conducted for controlling corrosion at high temperature.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Study of Coconut Water as Natural Inhibitor in Malay Traditional Preservation of Iron Artefact
Authors: Musa M. , Purwanto Hadi , Razak R. , Othman R. , Musa Luqman , Ani MH
Published: July 2020

Treating and cleaning corroded artefact has resulted in long-term loss of artefact integrity and intangible historical value in museum preservation method. Inhibitors and coatings are preferable methods applied in heritage conservation as it is the easiest way for corrosion protection. However, issue of health and environment has led conservators to find a better inhibitor, natural or green corrosion inhibitors. Surprisingly, Malay traditional practice has since long ago used Coconut water (CW) as corrosion inhibitor to preserve keris blades, showing that the knowledge in corrosion protection has been practiced in old Malay civilization for metal preservation. This paper intends to clarify the compositional effect of CW in the inhibition efficiency to iron-based keris blade. Through Tafel and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) analysis, the study showed that CW formed passivation with the highest IE of 92% as compared to other natural inhibitors existing and used in industries such as Ascorbic Acid (AA) and Tartaric acid (TA). EIS and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study has shown and conclude that CW has displayed protective abilities that exceeds both AA and TA.
Correlation between Thermal Insulation Properties with Compressive Strength and Density of Lightweight Geopolymer
Authors: Wan Mastura W I , Romisuhani A , Mustafa Al Bakri A M , Faheem Mohd Tahir Muhammad , Ahmad Syauqi S , Aida Mohd Mortar Nurul
Published: July 2020

This paper reports the results of an experimental work conducted to investigate the correlation between thermal insulation properties with compressive strength and density of lightweight geopolymer prepared by using fly ash as source material and combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as alkaline activator. The experiments were conducted by varying the ageing time of 3, 7, 28, 60 and 90 days, respectively. The specimens cured for a period of 90 days have presented the highest compressive strength and lowest density accompanied with satisfied value of thermal conductivity. From the results obtained, it was evident that the thermal conductivity had a high correlation coefficient with compressive strength and density.
Interaction between Two Inclined Cracks in Bonded Dissimilar Materials subjected to Various Stresses
Authors: Hamzah K.B. , Nik Long N.M.A. , Senu N. , Eshkuvatov Z.K.
Published: July 2020

This paper deals with the interaction between two inclined cracks in the upper part of bonded dissimilar materials subjected to various stresses which is normal stress (Mode I), shear stress (Mode II), tearing stress (Mode III) and mixed stress. This problem is formulated into hypersingular integral equations (HSIE) by using modified complex potentials (MCP) with the help of continuity conditions of the resultant force and displacement functions where the unknown is the crack opening displacement (COD) function and the tractions along the crack as the right hand terms. Then, the curve length coordinate method and appropriate quadrature formulas are used to solve numerically the obtained HSIE to compute the stress intensity factors (SIF) in order to determine the stability behavior of materials containing cracks. Numerical results showed the behavior of the nondimensionalSIF at the cracks tips. It is observed that the various stresses and the elastic constants ratio are influences to the value of nondimensional SIF at the crack tips.
E-Commerce Beyond the Pandemic Coronavirus: Click and Collect Food Ordering
Authors: Hadi Mohamad Abdul , Athirah Hamzah Anis , Ramli Ramona , Fathullah M.
Published: July 2020

Online platforms have become a focus nowadays as an instrument to help expedite some daily routines such as e-commerce including food ordering, online banking, social networking, and many more. Food ordering through online platforms, for instance, have evolved due to the growing numbers of users of digital platforms, restaurant-goers, and many more. The recent pandemic of coronavirus has changed the scenario of brick-and-mortar businesses while most governments forced to shut down and impose strict regulations of lockdown and social distancing among citizens. Although this situation hit most businesses, statistics have shown there is an increasing amount of E-Commerce spending globally. There has been several commercial systems and studies in the market and literature related to food ordering platforms and processes discussed in the study. However, most systems focusing on order-to-delivery and imposed a higher price for delivery. This study introduces an O2O food ordering concept aiming the takeout customers segment and targeting to optimised orders that can be made in advanced and on-the-go. The concept generates models of a new O2O and distance food ordering for potential E-Commerce implementations. Out of the models, process improvement is analysed and suggest that customers would save time, effort, and able to maintain social distancing among citizens. The models can be generalised to be implemented in various industries and situations, depending on in-depth analysis that would be carried out in future studies.
Enhanced Approach of Risk Assessment for Insider Threats Detection in Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Hashim N A , Zainal Abidin Z , Abal Abas Z , Zakaria N A , Ahmad R , Mardaid E
Published: July 2020

The smart manufacturing integrates Internet of Things (IoT), cloud systems, data analytics and machine learning for autonomous implementation particularly in the factory’s supply chain. The additional components from Information Technology (IT) gives convenience accessibility in spike of welcomed threats from inside or outside the boundary to do harmful events. The valuable information in smart manufacturing consists of intellectual property (IP), assets (hardware and software) data and human talent that lead to data theft and illegal activities due to its monetary values. However, little work is done on assessing risks invaluable information particularly threats from inside. In fact, studies on risk assessments are focusing on financial profit, supply chain production and IT assets. Therefore, an enhanced approach of risk assessment for insider threat detection (RAFITD) is introduced. The proposed approach contributes to a log monitoring of the log on and log out activities, based on the role of employee on a software dashboard. From the result, the log monitoring produces two scenarios, which is the ideal and non-ideal. For the ideal scenario, a balanced ratio between log on and log out is accomplished. Meanwhile, a non-ideal scenario performs an imbalance ratio. The impact of the study brings an insider threat detection for better analysis.
A Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Forecasting Violent Crime Rate
Authors: Ridzuan Khairuddin Alif , Alwee Razana , Haron Habibollah
Published: July 2020

The increase in the occurrence of violent crimes is a major concern in all countries around the globe. Various approaches of crime analyses have been implemented in reducing the number of violent crimes and among them is crime forecasting. Crime forecasting is an effective solution as it assists law enforcement agencies in planning efficient crime prevention measures. It has been observed recently that the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in crime forecasting and analysis is favoured by researchers. Motivated by this development, this study aims to conduct a comparative analysis on the forecasting performance of three artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, namely artificial neural network (ANN), support vector regression (SVR), and gradient tree boosting (GTB) in forecasting the rates of four types of crimes in the United States (US). The forecasting performance of each AI technique was compared in terms of quantitative error measurement. From the results obtained, GTB showed the highest forecast accuracy compared to ANN and SVR as the observed error measurements were the smallest.
Document Tracking using Internet-of-Things Devices for Fast Data Retrieval
Authors: Zainal Abidin Z , Zakaria N A , Harum N , Suhaimi M S , Abal Abas Z , Idris A , Wan Mohd Ghazali K , Abdul Hamid M H
Published: July 2020

University is required to keep printed documents for a certain duration. Documents are evidence, for instance, student’s proof of payment or final exams script, which need to be stored in a safe place within five years or more. The creation of a physical or printed document follows the standard of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) due to quality management and interrelation between universities for sharing information. However, an inventive way of ISO documentation for storing the evidence from loss and document misallocation is highly requested. Therefore, to overcome the document misallocation problem, an Internet-of-Things (IoT) based file tracking prototype is implemented. The prototype devices consist of Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) that has two parts, which are RFID reader and RFID tag, Arduino Uno, and mobile application (Android). RFID reader scans the information from the RFID tags located at the ISO document’s file. The RFID reader is integrated with Arduino to establish a connection to the network to communicate with mobile applications (Android). This method tracked the current location of the ISO document’s file. The result shows that the ISO document’s file is located in the respective area. Finally, the impact of this research brings efficiency in searching the ISO document’s file in the university.
Feature Selection of High Dimensional Data Using Hybrid FSA-IG
Authors: Fatin Liyana Mohd Rosely Nur , Mohd Zain Azlan , Yusoff Yusliza
Published: July 2020

Feature selection (FS) is a process of selecting a subset of relevant features depends on the specific target variables especially when dealing with high dimensional dataset. The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance comparison of different feature selection techniques on high dimensional datasets. The techniques used are filter, wrapper and hybrid. Information gain (IG) represents the filter, Fish Swarm Algorithm (FSA) represents metaheuristics wrapper and Hybrid FSA-IG represents the hybrid technique. Five datasets with different number of features are used in these techniques. The dataset used are breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, mixed-lineage leukaemia (MLL) and small round blue cell tumors (SRBCT). The result shown Hybrid FSA-IG managed to select least feature that represent significant feature for every dataset with improved performance of accuracy from 4.868% to 33.402% and 1.706% to 25.154% compared to IG and FSA respectively.
Binary Black Hole-Based Optimization For T-Way Testing
Authors: Nsaif Hamsa N , Norhayati Abang Jawawi Dayang
Published: July 2020

Software testing is an important process in software development life cycle, which aims to guarantee the quality of software and reduce the number of errors and bugs. In such a process, software inputs and parameters are used to create a set of testing cases. Nevertheless, the number of testing cases increases enormously when considering all combinations of those inputs. Although t-way testing can reduce the test cases, generating the minimum, yet representative t-way testing set is challenging due to the large search space, which renders finding the best solution computationally prohibitive. The extant solutions suffer from the sensitivity to the random initialization and the subjectivity to the local minima, which adversely affects the reproducibility of these algorithms and obstructs finding the optimal solution. To this end, this paper proposes a novel meta-heuristic searching algorithm called Binary Black Hole (BBH) optimization that formulates the t-way testing as a binary optimization problem. Experimental results show the superiority of BBH over the famous Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) algorithm. The achieved improvement shows the capability of BBH in generating smaller covering arrays with the same t-strength compared to those generated by BPSO.
Predicting Churn: How Multilayer Perceptron Method Can Help with Customer Retention in Telecom Industry
Authors: Sjarif NNA , Azmi NF , Sarkan HM , Sam SM , Osman MZ
Published: July 2020

Customer churn prediction has been used widely in various kind of domain especially subscription-basis industries. With the rapid growth of telecommunication industry over the last decade, this industry not only focuses on providing numerous products, but also satisfying the customers as it is one of the key solutions to remain competitive. This research proposed MultiLayer Perceptron Method for churn prediction. The evaluation is compared with three classifiers which includes are Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes and Decision Tree in term of several aspects. In preprocessing phase, we employed Principal Component Analysis and normalization to find the correlation among all the variables. For the postprocessing, InfoGainAttribute is used to identify the highest factor attribute that leads to customer retention. It is found that MultiLayer Perceptron outperforms other classifiers and international plan plays important role to retain customer from leaving organization.
Intergrating a Minimal Differentiator Expressions Approach into CBR for Linguistic Pattern reuse in Crime Relation: Proposed Method
Authors: Ikhwan Syafiq M. , Shukor Talib M. , Salim Naomie , Mohd Yunos Zuriahati , Haron Habibollah
Published: July 2020

The relation extraction of crime news can help the monitoring specialists to accelerate the crime investigation. However, constructing patterns or designing templates manually requires domain experts. Also the built patterns do not guarantee complete differentiation among different relation instances. The automatic detection of crime entities and relationship among entities can help the regulatory authorities to accelerate the crime investigation and decision support instead of being reliant on manual process. This study aims to increase the effectiveness of the extraction of crime entities and relationship among entities based on the determination of crime lingusitic pattern using Minimal Differentiator Expressions (MDEs) that represent the cases that will be used by the CBR classifier. The proposed extraction methods can help in compiling a highly accurate and machine-understandable crime knowledge bases which can support the regulatory authorities’ investigation. This paper conducted on our proposed MDEs algorithm for linguistic pattern reuse in CBR approaches.
Application of Deep Learning Method in Facilitating the Detection of Breast Cancer
Authors: Samah Azurah A , Nasien Dewi , Hashim Haslina , Sahar Julia , Abdul Majid Hairudin , Yusoff Yusliza , Ali Shah Zuraini
Published: July 2020

Breast cancer is a type of tumour that could be treated if the disease is identified at an earlier stage. Early diagnosis is crucial when it comes to reducing the mortality rate. In this study, deep neural network method is applied to facilitate the detection of breast cancer. The aim of this study is to implement deep neural network in breast cancer classification models that can produce high classification accuracy. Deep Neural Network (DNN) with multiple hidden layers was applied to learn deep features of the breast cancer data. Dataset used in this study was obtained from the UCI Machine Learning Repository which consists of Wisconsin Breast Cancer Dataset (WBCD) and used for the original and diagnostic dataset. The performance of the proposed DNN method was compared against previous machine learning classifier in terms of accuracy. From the results, the accuracy obtained for the original dataset was 97.14% and 97.66% for the diagnostic dataset, which is better than previous SVM method.
Development of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Iris Segmentation
Authors: Zainal Abidin Z , Zakaria N A , Abal Abas Z , Azizan S N A
Published: July 2020

Iris segmentation is a crucial process in the iris recognition that it locates and captures the unique features inside the human iris image. However, iris image contains high noise rate and sometimes a genuine user is recognized as non-genuine by computer system. An algorithm from swarm-based intelligence is demanded for natural search images. Therefore, an experimental investigation was conducted to explore artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for iris segmentation. The ABC algorithm measures the performance of convergence in learning the authentic iris features. Based on the findings, the average fitness is always less than or equal to the best fitness, and the differences between the two goes on decreasing over time, which is until the algorithm completely converges. The parameters of ABC Algorithm are programmed with at best 100 times of calculation to collect the best iteration and best fitness. In fact, results showed that ABC uses the population for every iteration instead of a single iteration. Number of iterations directly affect the time of optimal search for ideal convergence, which meets the aim of this study. As a conclusion, if the mean and standard deviation is low in values, it is proven that the speed of searching the iris features is faster and more robust.
A Review of Mixed Reality Telepresence
Authors: Edora Fadzli Fazliaty , Wanis Ismail Ajune , Yahya Fekri Aladin Mohamad , Zuraifah Syazrah Othman Nur
Published: July 2020

Mixed Reality MR is a technology to make the combination of physical and digital worlds coexist with one another This paper is about to explore the potential MR technology to be used for telepresence Telepresence is a technology to allow user to feel present in specific place so he remotely transferred in a digital representation However in remote collaboration it is crucial to count when a localhost user can seizure and later transmission in a view of their backdrops This paper reviews about the existing works on video conferencing and discovers the many limitations such as limited shared view low resolution and lack of the realism This paper focuses on realism issue and real-time 3D reconstruction methods using depth sensors and provides a review for MR telepresence MR has the ability when users interact with the virtual objects it can admit the understanding of the real world and feel presence in real world when they interact to the surrounding
Ant Colony Optimization Using Different Heuristic Strategies for Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Fatimah Mohamad Ayop Siti , Shahizan Othman Mohd , Mi Yusuf Lizawati
Published: July 2020

Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a variant of vehicle routing problem (VRP) in which vehicles with restricted capacities required to pick-up or deliver at various locations. The main constraint in CVRP is to pick-up or deliver the goods for the least cost without exceeding the vehicle capacity. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to minimize the distance travelled by vehicles. Hence, this paper proposed to use Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) with different heuristic strategies to optimize the distance travelled by the vehicles while not exceeding the vehicle capacities. Swapping, reversion, and insertion are the heuristic strategies used to examine the efficiency of neighbour creations in ACO. Christofides data sets are utilized in this paper to experiment on the solution construction in ACO with different heuristic strategies. The results showed that the use of ACO is efficient using the swap, reverse and insert strategies for distance minimization but there are possibilities for the vehicle visiting the same customer more than once. Meanwhile ACO with random combination with swap, reverse and insert are capable to solve CVRP without any possibilities for the vehicle visiting the same customer more than once.
Enhanced of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Grey Relational Analysis and Supervised Learning for Classification
Authors: Mohd Yunos Zuriahati , Idrus Wafa , Mariyam Shamsuddin Siti , Saiful Izwaan Saadon Mohd , Yusuf Suhaila M
Published: July 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complicated to be diagnosed and many study had shown that machine learning technique have been proven to accurately diagnose ASD. However, there were also some drawbacks in the results obtained and one of it is related to the lower accuracy upon implementation. Thus, a feature selection method namely Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is proposed to enhance the performance of the machine learning technique in the classification of ASD as it was proven too often produce high accuracy results. GRA is used to select relevant features and rank them from the highest to the lowest. The data used was the adult autism data, which consists of 608 data with 16 features. The machine learning techniques used are Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network with Multi Layer Perceptron (ANN-MLP) to classify ASD. From results obtained, the integration of GRA and machine learning techniques have managed to produce a high accuracy of more than 90%. The SVM gave the good accuracy of 98.1%, while ANN produce of 98.36%.
Utilizing Ant Colony Optimization and Intelligent Water Drop for Solving Multi Depot Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Samsuddin Sherylaidah , Shahizan Othman Mohd , Mi Yusuf Lizawati
Published: July 2020

Multi-depot vehicle routing problem (MDVRP) is a real-world variant of the vehicle routing problem (VRP). MDVRP falls under NP-hard problem where trouble in identifying the routes for the vehicles from multiple depots to the customers and then, returning to the similar depot. The challenging task in solving MDVRP is to identify optimal routes for the fleet of vehicles located at the depots to transport customers’ demand efficiently. In this paper, two metaheuristic methods have been tested for MDVRP which are Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Intelligent Water Drop (IWD). The proposed algorithms are validated using six MDVRP Cordeau’s data sets which are P01, P03, P07, P10, P15 and P21 with 50, 75, 100, 249, 160 and 360 customers, respectively. Thus, the results using the proposed algorithm solving MDVRP, five out of six problem data sets showed that IWD is more capable and efficient compared to ACO algorithm.
Optimization of RHA-Based Zeolite Phase Using Hydrothermal Method for Adsorption Application
Authors: Abdul Aziz Roslaili , Nazry Salleh Mohd. , Yusra Syamimi Mohd Yusof Nur , Nihla Kamarudzaman Ain
Published: July 2020

Rice husk was used as a silicate source to produce RHA-based zeolites through hydrothermal method. The synthesis of zeolite undergone different types and concentrations of alkaline solutions which were 3M and 5M of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 5M of potassium hydroxide (KOH), respectively. The rice husk ash and resulted zeolites were then being characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Analyses of XRF, SEM and BET results shown that RHA has high content of silica (83.90%) with irregular particles due to large surface area of 48.7 m2g-1. For FTIR analysis, RHA at band 1040.52 cm-1 assigned to asymmetric Si-O-Si bond stretching in SiO4 tetrahedron. The band at 794.71 cm-1 was corresponded to the stretching vibrations quartz of Si-O-Si. Subsequently, the zeolites were applied as an adsorbent in sugarcane bagasse wastewater and tested for total suspended solid (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The adsorption capacity of TSS, COD and colour by the previous synthesized zeolites was then observed experimentally through the effects of contact time. Results indicated that adsorption capacity for COD is 13% to 22% and ranged from 50% to 57% for TSS.
Influence of Banana Fiber on Shear Strength of Clay Soil
Authors: Bawadi N F , AlHamidi M A A , Mansor A F , Anuar S A
Published: July 2020

Recently, the agricultural waste have been enticed increasing attention in geotechnical engineering as a natural soil reinforcement in improving strength and stability of soils. Agricultural waste fiber was chosen as it is cheap, locally available, bio-degradable and eco-friendly. In this study, the implementation of banana fibers has been used as a natural soil reinforcement in influencing the strength of clay soil. In order to investigate the influence of banana fiber in strengthen the clay soil, three different percentage mixing of banana fiber in clay soil has been tested using Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial and California Ratio Bearing (CBR) tests. The results of X-Ray Fluorescense (X-RF) indicated that average 45% of chemical compositions inside the banana fibers are calcium hydroxide which resulting the pozzolanic reactions and lead to the modification of soil properties and improve the strength of soil. This research is important in order to find the suitability of banana fiber as admixture in soil stabilization. Banana fiber as admixture in soil stabilization will contribute to conservation of the environment. The results from the tests conducted have shown that the soil treated with 1% fibre content improved termendously in term of shear strength compared to untreated sample. However, based on the regression analysis, 0.5% mixing of banana content indicate the optimum percentage mixing of banana fiber in clay soil.
Design and Performance Evaluation of Semi-Automatic Fish Cutting Machine for Industry
Authors: Ahmad Kamaruzzaman Kafiza , Mahfurdz Azrul , Hashim Mokhtar , Noorazman Bidin Mohamed
Published: July 2020

A half-cutting fish cutting machine was designed, fabricated and evaluated for performance. The major components of the machine were made up of three main parts: mainframe (case), conveyor/rotator and cutter component. The conveyor and disc cutter are powered by a single phase, 1400rpm and 1hp electric motor. Analysis on size (length, width, depth) of fish, size of disc cutter and gap of roller at the cutter component had been made. The performance of the machine was evaluated using 5 types of major fish that used for salted fish industry. The results showed that this machine can produced 5 times more productivities compared to existing (manual) method. From the analysis data, the machine can produce an average of 21 fish/minute, so the average time to half-cutting 1000 fishes is 47 minutes. More energy saving and less labor needed for fish cutting process. Also, 81.2% significant time saving were obtained from this machine. This new innovation is an alternative choice to existing heavy-duty machines in the market with more expensive cost.
Relationship between Ultrasonic-Pulse Velocity and Compression Test for Different Grade of Concrete
Authors: Abdul Rahim Mustaqqim , Choon Onn Lee , Nur Aizat Ahmad Ahmad , Shahidan Shahiron , Salwa Mohd Zuki Sharifah , Salehuddin Shamshinar , Ayob Afizah , Anudai@Anuar Shamilah , Faizah Bawadi Nor
Published: July 2020

Ultrasonic pulse velocity methods is one of the non-destructive testing methods. Commonly the compression test was used to determine the compression strength of concrete. Laboratory works had been carried out at heavy concrete laboratory to obtain the result for both non-destructive and destructive test. By using concrete cubes of sizes 100 x 100 x 100 mm and subjected to water curing for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days to obtained desire result for Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Compression test. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity were initially done before the Compression test. The data obtained from each test has been evaluated and tabulated in this report. From this research, the variation between predicted strength and experimental strength for Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity testing was identified; the higher the pulse velocity, the higher the predicted strength and lower times passes by pulse velocity, the higher the predicted strength.
Kinetic Extraction of Antioxidant and Total Phenoloc Content of Clinachantus nutans
Authors: Aqilah Abd Rahim Syafiqah , Mohd Amer Nuradibah , Farihan Kasim Khairul
Published: July 2020

Clinacanthus nutans or Belalai Gajah is one of the herbs that contain natural antioxidant. This natural antioxidant can be used commercially in food as well as pharmaceutical industries. This research explored antioxidant of C. nutans and it was extracted by using solid-liquid extraction. Antioxidant of C. nutans extract was determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) were determined using Folic-Ciocalteau reagent. Screening of the suitable particle size to be used in the extraction of C. nutans shows that mixture and leaves of C. nutans with particle size <63 μm was the best to obtain the highest DPPH scavenging activity. However, only mixture of C. nutans sample was used for the thermal extraction kinetic due to the availability of the samples. Thermal extraction kinetic of DPPH was fitted to the exponential growth model and show a good fit with R^2 = 0.9921. When transformed, the data gave a linear Arrhenius plot, R^2=0.717 with an activation energy of 17.35 ± 0.108 kJ/mol. Thermal extraction kinetic of TPC was fitted to the exponential growth model and show a good fit with R^2 = 0.9892. When transformed, the data gave a linear Arrhenius plot, R^2=0.897 with an activation energy of 5.3832 ± 0.451 kJ/mol. The model is adequate to predict DPPH scavenging activity and TPC of the C. nutans extracts with no significant different of the prediction and validation conducted at temperature of 70 °C for 30 min.
Cultivation of Fig (Ficus carica L.) As An Alternative High Value Crop In Malaysia: A Brief Review
Authors: Isa M M , Jaafar M N , Kasim K F , Mutalib M.F.A.
Published: July 2020

Fig (Ficus carica L.) is an important crop worldwide and are consumed fresh or dried and it is included in diet since the ancient years and it is considered as the symbol of longevity. It is well known for its excellent flavour, attractive colour and high nutritional value. Due to these specifications, it has been cultivated and consumed since ancient times. The published literature on cultivation of this crop is meager. Thus, the aim of this paper is to describe the agroecology, economic importance, production of the plant, and its production requirements, but major emphasis is given to the agronomic and management aspects of the plant to be grown as a crop. This paper represents as effort to compile the literature on F.carica and review the production requrirement of the and its potential as an alternative high value crop in Malaysia.
Effect of Potassium Permanganate and Zeolite on Shelf Life and Quality of Musa Acuminata
Authors: Yi Yin Chong , Azad Mat Akhir Maisara , Uda M. N. A. , Nuradibah  , M. A.
Published: July 2020

This paper study the effect of ethylene scavenger treatments in different quantity (T0: 0g, T1: 1g, T2: 3g, T3: 5g and T4: 10g per sachet) and types of packaging (T5: non-perforated and T6: perforated packaging) on Musa Acuminata to its shelf life and physicochemical quality. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and zeolite were used as ethylene absorbent which stored together with the bananas under uniform atmospheric condition at temperature of 25-28°C and 85-95% of relative humidity (RH). Physicochemical analysis (e.g. weight loss, peel colour changes, firmness, total soluble solid content and titratable acidity) were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of each treatments throughout its storage period. Results showed that treatment with higher quantity of KMnO4-zeolite (T4: 10g) shows reduction and retardation in percent weight loss (9.62%), peel colour changes, firmness changes (28.2%), total soluble solid (TSS) (12.1% Brix), titratable acidity (TA) (0.084% malic acid) and also greater storability of banana. Therefore, postharvest losses can be reduced by the mentioned treatment and it can be implemented in postharvest industries for extending the shelf life of banana effectively.
Transesterification of Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBD PO) Using Homogeneous Base Catalyst and Methanol and Investigation of Factors Filter Blocking Issue in Palm Based Biodiesel
Authors: Umar Rosnani , Leman A M , Rahman K A , Normunira Hasan N , Irfan A R
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the major properties of biodiesel causing filter-blocking issue in biodiesel especially for palm oil based, to identify the suitable solution to reduce or eliminate these factors for improving the filter properties of the palm based biodiesel by control the specific parameter (mono-glycerides during intermediate process and minimize or eliminate the Steryl Glycoside after post treatment. This study may give significant impact especially to local industry of biodiesel producer which operated with normal transesterification process and using palm base feedstock to conform international biodiesel specification such as ASTM D D7501 (Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels). In this paper the Filter Blocking Tendency (FBT) testing and Cold Soak Filterability Test (CSFT) testing procedure and result will be presented.
A Study of Kenaf, Straw Rice Ash and Palm Ol Residue Ashes as Additive Material to Earthing System Using Fall of Potential Method
Authors: Anuar Aminudin , Syareena Sumi N. , Arshad S. N. M. , Bakar M. A. A. , Uda M. N. A. , Bakar A. H. A. , Afnan Uda M. N. , Sulaiman M. K.
Published: July 2020

Earthing systems acts as a significant part of the safety of the electric system. Under standard and failure situations, it should be necessary to be functioning efficiently in electrical system safety throughout all times. This project is to study the effect of Natural Enhancement Material (NEM) by using Fall of Potential Method to the eartihing resistivity. The NEM material used is Kenaf, Straw Rice ash and Palm Oil Residue Ashes. The measurement took part for 60 days. The purpose of this project is to compare the effect of the NEM as the additive material to the earthing system between three situations, Reference as bare soil, Kenaf with Straw Rice Ash and Kenaf with Palm Oil Residue Ashes. With two NEM material has been conducted, the analysis shown which the better material combing can improve the earth resistivity.
Gold Nanoparticles Enhanced Electrochemical Impedance Sensor (EIS) for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 Detection E6 region
Authors: Amrul Muhadi A. S. , Parmin N. A. , Hashim Uda , Gopinath Subash C.B. , Rejali Zulida , Afzan Amilia , Uda M.N.A , Uda M.N.Afnan , Hong V.C.
Published: July 2020

The persistent infection by high risk HPV is a necessary but not sufficient cause of this cancer which develops over a long period through precursor lesions which can be detected by electrochemical impedance sensor. The HPV driven molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cervical lesions have provided a number of potential biomarkers for both diagnostic and prognostic use in the clinical management of women with HPV related cervical disease and these biomarkers can also be used to increase the positive predictive value of current methods. The most influential methods for the detection and identification of HPV using gold nanoparticle (GNP) included electrochemical impedance sensor will visit their sensitivity, selectivity and characteristic detection on synthetic target which are complement of the DNA, non-complement of the DNA and mismatch of the DNA. In difference concentration of synthetic target, which stage can get the exactly value to determine the HPV in strain 16 was evaluated in this research studies.