bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing floating macroplastic detection from space using hyperspectral imagery
Authors: Tasseron Paolo , van Emmerik Tim , Peller Joseph , Schreyers Louise , Biermann Lauren
Published: May 2021

Airborne and spaceborne remote sensing (RS) collecting hyperspectral imagery provides unprecedented opportunities for the detection and monitoring of floating riverine and marine plastic debris. However, a major challenge in the application of RS techniques is the lack of fundamental understanding of spectral signatures of water-borne plastic debris. Recent work has emphasised the case for open-access hyperspectral reflectance reference libraries of commonly used polymer items. In this paper, we present and analyse a high-resolution hyperspectral image databaseof a unique mix of 40 virgin macroplastic items and vegetation. Our double camera setup covered the visual to shortwave infrared (VIS-SWIR) range from 400-1700 nm in a dark room experiment with controlled illumination. The cameras scanned the samples floating in water and captured high-resolution images in 336 spectral bands. Using these resulting reflectance spectra as a baseline, a linear discriminant analysis was done to determine which wavelengths are more useful for discriminating between water and mixed floating debris, and vegetation and plastics. We then examined current Sentinel-2 and Worldview-3 satellite techniques, and the Normalised Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI) and Floating Debris Index (FDI) to determine why they work, and how they could potentially be improved. These findings could be used to enhance existing efforts in monitoring macroplastic pollution, as well as form a baseline for the design of future multispectral RS systems.
Predicting shear failure in reinforced concrete members using a three-dimensional peridynamic framework
Authors: Hobbs Mark , Hattorri Gabriel , Orr John
Published: May 2021

The assumptions made in design codes can result in unconservative predictions of shear strength for reinforced concrete members. The limitations of empirical methods have prompted the development and use of numerical techniques. A three-dimensional bond-based peridynamic framework is developed for predicting shear failure in reinforced concrete members. The predictive accuracy and generality of the framework is assessed against existing experimental results. Nine reinforced concrete beams that exhibit a wide range of failure modes are modelled. The shear-span-to-depth ratio is systematically varied from 1 to 8 to facilitate a study of different load-transfer mechanisms and failure modes. A comprehensive validation study such as this has until now been missing in the peridynamic literature. A bilinear constitutive law is employed, and the sensitivity of the model is tested using two levels of mesh refinement. The predictive error between the experimental and numerical failure loads ranges from +3% to -57%, highlighting the importance of validation against a series of problems. The results demonstrate that the model captures many of the factors that contribute to shear and bending resistance. New insights into the capabilities and deficiencies of the peridynamic model are gained by comparing the expected load-transfer mechanisms with the predictive error.
How Does Caffeine Influence Memory? Drug, Experimental, and Demographic Factors
Authors: Zhang Ruochong , Madan Christopher R
Published: May 2021

Caffeine is a widely used nootropic drug, but its effects on memory in healthy participants have not been sufficiently evaluated. Here we review evidence of the effects of caffeine on different types of memory, and the associated drug, experimental, and demographical factors. There is limited evidence that caffeine affects performance in memory tasks beyond improved reaction times. For drug factors, a dose-response relationship may exist but findings are inconsistent. Moreover, there is evidence that the source of caffeine can modulate its effects on memory. For experimental factors, past studies often lacked a baseline control for diet and sleep and none discussed the possible reversal of withdrawal effect due to pre-experimental fasting. For demographic factors, caffeine may interact with sex and age, and the direction of the effect may depend on the dose, individual tolerance, and metabolism at baseline. Future studies should incorporate these considerations, as well as providing continued evidence on the effect of caffeine in visuospatial, prospective, and implicit memory measures.
Reshaping the publication process: Addiction Research & Theory joins Peer Community In Registered Reports
Authors: Pennington Charlotte Rebecca , Heim Derek
Published: May 2021

This Editorial outlines two Registered Report (RR) formats offered by Addiction Research and Theory (ART): the ‘traditional’ RR route and the new ‘Peer Community in RR’ initiative. In the former, authors submit their study protocol for pre-study peer-review, allowing for assessment and peer feedback regarding the validity of the research questions and the study methodology prior to data collection (or in the case of secondary data, data analysis). High quality proposals then receive In Principle Acceptance (IPA), meaning that the journal commits to publishing the study regardless of its findings, so long as the protocol is followed appropriately, and an evidence-based interpretation of the results is undertaken. In the latter, authors follow a similar workflow, but submit their study protocol through PCI RR; a community driven initiative that reviews and recommends RRs across the full spectrum of STEM, medicine, social sciences, and the humanities. As a ‘PCI RR friendly journal’, ART commits to publishing any recommended articles which receive acceptance via this route, without the need for additional peer review. We hope that these developments will contribute to addiction science more actively adopting open science principles and help mitigate reproducibility concerns within the published literature.
Evolution of Human Intelligence: Psychological Science for a Better World
Authors: Lekamalaya Senarath Dayathilake Kande
Published: May 2021

What might be the fundamental psychology of intelligence naturally selected in biological evolution to minimize, prevent, and cure social and personal issues like war, crime, commit suicide, homicide, theft, drug addictions, and so on? How to achieve a higher level of well-being? I found a primary cognitive limiting factor called mind viruses (MV)(more than 3000) which regresses intelligence and well-being and makes the grand delusion: remedies are healthy mind viruses(HMV)(3000). Here, I show the disclosed core of early Buddhist teachings (on learning, training the mind, and behavior on the 8-fold psychological course psychologically 'program' for better (intelligent) decisions. A theoretical 3D graph might represent the state of evolution of intelligence, nature, nurture, X-ultra quantum unique consciousness particle (X-UQUPC), and psychological well-being with the psychological time of a person. To this hypothesis, if the afterlife occurs, the natural selection of vacant zygote/early embryo neurons of the next life and their quality might depend on the finally evolved X-ultra quantum genomic particle of consciousness (X-UQGPC). Therefore, the quality, including the species of the new life and its nurture in the universe/s, depends on the quality of the finally evolved X-UQGPC. Such natural selection of a new nurturing environment for future (promising)life might be uncertain and, therefore, a high risk of finding a life-consciousness in great nature and nurture. However, there may be more mysterious issues to be solved in future research; therefore, the article might not discuss a theory of everything on the central theme.
People Adjust Recency Adaptively to Environment Structure
Authors: Luthra Mahi , Todd Peter M.
Published: May 2021

Recency effects—giving exaggerated importance to recent outcomes—are a common aspect of decision tasks. In the current study, we explore two explanations of recency-based decision making, that it is (1) a deliberate strategy for adaptive decision making in real-world environments which tend to be dynamic and autocorrelated, and/or (2) a product of processing limitations of working memory. Supporting explanation 1, we found that participants strategically adjusted their recency levels across trials to achieve optimal levels in a range of tasks. Furthermore, they started with default recency values that had high aggregate performance across environments. However, only some correlations between recency values and WM scores were significant, providing no clear conclusion regarding explanation 2. Ultimately, we propose that recency involves a combination of the two—people can strategically change recency within the limits of WM capacities to adapt to external environments.
Who went fishing? Inferences from social evaluations
Authors: Davis Zachary J , Allen Kelsey Rebecca , Gerstenberg Tobias
Published: May 2021

Humans have a remarkable ability to go beyond the observable. From seeing the current state of our shared kitchen, we can infer what happened and who did it. Prior work has shown how the physical state of the world licenses inferences about the causal history of events, and the agents that participated in these events. Here, we investigate a previously unstudied source of evidence about what happened: social evaluations. In our experiment, we present situations in which a group failed to optimally coordinate their actions. Participants learn how much each agent was blamed for the outcome, and their task is to make inferences about the situation, the agents' actions, as well as the agents' capabilities. We develop a computational model that accurately captures participants' inferences. The model assumes that people blame others by considering what they should have done, and what causal role their action played. By inverting this generative model of blame, people can figure out what happened.
What do our sampling assumptions affect: how we encode data or how we reason from it?
Authors: Ransom Keith , Perfors Andrew , Hayes Brett , Connor Desai Saoirse
Published: May 2021

In describing how people generalize from observed samples of data to novel cases, theories of inductive inference have emphasized the learner's reliance on the contents of the sample. More recently, a growing body of literature suggests that different assumptions about how a data sample was generated can lead the learner to draw qualitatively different inferences on the basis of the same evidence. Yet relatively little is known about how and when these two sources of evidence are combined. For instance, do sampling assumptions affect how the sample contents are encoded, or is any influence exerted only at the point of retrieval when a decision is to be made? We report two experiments aimed at exploring this issue. By systematically varying both the sampling cover story and whether it is given before or after the training stimuli we are able to determine whether encoding or retrieval issues drive the impact of sampling assumptions. Across two experiments we find that the sampling cover story affects generalization when it is presented before the training stimuli, but not after, which we interpret in favor of an encoding account.
Effect of the subjective intensity of fatigue and interoception on perceptual regulation and performance during sustained physical activity
Authors: Greenhouse-Tucknott Aaron , Butterworth Jake , Wrightson James Graeme , Harrison Neil Andrew , Dekerle Jeanne
Published: May 2021

Background: The subjective experience of fatigue impairs an individual’s ability to sustain physical endurance performance. However, precise understanding of the specific role perceived fatigue plays in the central regulation of performance remains unclear. Here, we examined whether the subjective intensity of a perceived state of fatigue, pre-induced through prior upper body activity, differentially impacted performance and altered perceived effort and affect experienced during a sustained, isometric contraction in lower body. We also explored whether (cardiac) interoception predicted the intensity of experienced perceptual and affective responses and moderated the relationships between constructs during physical activity. Methods: Using a repeated-measures study design, thirty male participants completed three experimental conditions, with the intensity of a pre-induced state of fatigue manipulated to evoke moderate (MOD), severe (SEV) and minimal (control; CON) intensity of perceptions prior to performance of the sustained contraction. Results: Performance of the sustained contraction was significantly impaired under a perceived state of fatigue, reduced by 10% and 14% in the MOD and SEV conditions, respectively. Performance impairment was accompanied by greater perceived effort and more negative affective valence reported during the contraction. However, effects were limited to comparisons to CON, with no difference evident between the two experimental trials (i.e. MOD vs. SEV). Individuals’ awareness of their accuracy in judging resting heartbeats was shown to predict the subjective intensity of fatigue experienced during the endurance task. However, interoception did not moderate the relationships evident between fatigue and both perceived effort and affective valence. Conclusions: A perceived state of fatigue limits endurance performance, influencing both how effortful activity is perceived to be and the affective experience of activity. Though awareness of interoceptive representations of bodily states may be important to the subjective experience of fatigue, interoception does not modulate the relationships between perceived fatigue and other perceptual (i.e. effort) and affective constructs.
Human capital assessment model based on a single digital platformof scientific and educational resources
Authors: Medennikov Viktor
Published: May 2021

The article substantiates the need to re-evaluate the role of human capital in the development of society in the digital age. Since high-quality education is the main direction of the formation of human capital in any country, the importance of creating an information space for scientific and educational institutions is demonstrated. A methodology for assessing the level of human capital on the basis of information scientific and educational resources is proposed. The author presents results of calculations obtained by this method on the example of agricultural educational institutions and a mathematical model for assessing the impact of human capital on the socio-economic situation of the regions.
Odpowiedzialność redaktora za przestępstwo prasowe (art. 49a)
Authors: Kosmaty Piotr
Published: May 2021

The main aim of the article is to discuss the issue of the liability of an editor for a press offence, according to Article 49a of the press law. The analysis begins with a historical overview which shows the evolution of liability for offences committed in print by press outlets. To this end, the author introduces the concepts of the right of anonymity or the responsible editor. These two institutions, characteristic of the interwar period, performed two extremely different functions. The former allowed to conceal the identity of the author of the printed material, while the latter was instituted in order to ensure that the victims were sufficiently protected. The analysis of the current provisions of the press law showed that the legislator introduced two separate legal definitions: that of an editor and that of an editor in chief. The following part of the article discusses those two categories in more detail, paying particular attention to the decoding of their definitions as introduced in the press law from a practical standpoint. Moreover, it has been emphasized that each editor in chief is also an editor, but not vice versa, since some regulations are addressed specifically to the editor in chief. Bearing in mind that assigning liability for a press offence is dependent on determining the moment from which a person can be considered an editor in chief, the author discusses the registration system for journals and periodicals. As a result, the author determines three distinct periods of time which determine the possibility of considering a particular person as an editor in chief. The last part of the article is devoted to the rules and circumstances of prosecution of the editor for publishing a press article. The author points to the differences which stem from assuming a different subject party of the offence. In the cases of assuming negligence, it results in liability under Article 49a of the press law, whereas in the cases of assuming intentionality results in liability for an intentional offence of another type committed in complicity.
Inflacja normatywna w prawie karnym – rzeczywistość czy złudzenie?
Authors: Zgryzek Kazimierz
Published: May 2021

The author discusses the problem of excessive normative production in Polish legal system on the example of the changes implemented by amending the Code of Criminal Procedure. The article presents the changes implemented in the particular codes of criminal proceedings, starting with the first code of the independent Poland, the Code of 1928, followed by the amendments to that code, which remained in effect until December 31, 1969, as well as modified normative solutions remaining in effect prior to the change of the political and economic system, and concluding with the Code of Criminal Procedure which came into force on September 1, 1998. Such comparative study of the activity of the Polish Parliament between 1928 and 2017 reveals a severe excessive normative production with regard to criminal law in the recent years. The author argues that any normative changes to code regulations should be implemented only once the regulations subject to change have been tested in practice and have undergone an in-depth discussion in all groups that use the modified norms. As a positive example, the author enumerates the efforts of the Codification Commission of the Criminal Law, which resulted in the amendment of September, 2013, and compares it with the procedure of amending the Code of Criminal Procedure in March, 2016.
Kilka uwag o potrzebie zachowania spójności pomiędzy prawem karnym a innymi dziedzinami prawa
Authors: Jaworska-Wieloch Anna
Published: May 2021

The principle of subsidiarity of criminal law requires the location of the norms which regulate specific social relations beyond the branch of law which was adduced. On the one hand, it enables the realisation of the postulate, peculiar to the system of repressive law, to place the rules of conduct and the norms which regulate specific relations beyond criminal law. On the one hand, the intervention with criminalisation into relations regulated by other branches of law should enforce a significant synchronisation of the regulations of criminal law with the norms which are peculiar to a given branch of law. A legal system which features co-relations should represent consistency. As a result, the criminalisation of behaviour regulated by other branches of law deepens the connotations between them. The enracinement of legal regulations into an increasing number of new areas is the source of doubts associated with the lack of consistency between the particular regulations or, in the case of a strong drive of the criminal law to inscribe itself into legal norms which regulate a given sphere of life, to the negation of the capability of the criminal law to acquire functions which are set to this branch of law. On the basis of selected examples, the article attempts to reflect upon the legislator’s maintenance of the balance between these values.
Wyznaczanie składu orzekającego w sprawach karnych
Authors: Kwiatkowski Zbigniew
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the problem of the appointment of the adjudicating panel in criminal cases. The currently binding Code of criminal procedure introduced relevant regulations in reference to this question in Art. 351, which stipulates the following: § 1A judge or judges called on to hear the case shall be designated in line with the sequence of the cases submitted, from a roll of judges of the given court or department, known to the parties. Deviation from this rule is only allowed in the event of a judge’s illness or other important obstacle, which should be noted in the order designating the date of hearing. § 2 When an indictment includes a charge for a crime carrying a penalty of 25 years of deprivation of liberty or a life imprisonment, designation of the panel to hear the case shall, on a motion from the defence counsel or state prosecutor, be carried out by drawing lots at which they shall have a right to be present. The state prosecutor may bring the motion not later than within 7 days after the submission of the indictment, and a defence counsel, within 7 days from when the indictment was served on him. § 3 constitutes act-of-law delegation for the minister of justice for the issuing of the regulation in order to determine the detailed principles of designating the panel to hear cases by drawing lots. Such a regulation was issued on 2 June 2003 r. (Dz.U. of 2003, No 107, item no. 1007). The regulation which was quoted was developed with article 1 point 81 of the act of law issued on 11 March 2016 about the change of the act of law – the Code of the criminal procedure and some other acts of law (Dz. U. of 2016, Item no. 437), but in reality it did not come into force at all, for it was derogated with Article 4 point 1 of the act of law issued on 12 July 2017 about the change of the act of law – The law on the system of common courts and some other acts of law (Dz. U. of 2017, Item no. 1452). On the basis of Art. 41 Par. 1 of the act of law issued on 27 July 2001 – The law on the system of common courts in reference to Art. 20 of the aforementioned act of law issued on 12 July 2017 which amended the law on the system of common courts. The Minister of Justice, by issuing a regulation on 28 December 2017, changed the theretofore binding rules and regulations concerning the operation of common courts (Dz. U. of 2017, Item no. 2481) and determined therein the comprehensive rules as to the allocation of cases to the particular judges by drawing lots, the classification of cases into the particular categories and the principles of the establishment of multi-person panels.
Politycznokryminalne znaczenie czynnego żalu okazanego przez sprawcę po dokonaniu przestępstwa niealimentacji (art. 209 §4 i §5 k.k.)
Authors: Sitarz Olga
Published: May 2021

By means of an act of law issued on 23 March 2017 in order to “reinforce the realisation of the obligation of guardianship by satisfying the material necessities of people who are unable to satisfy them on their own”, one introduced changes in the heretofore binding regulation which stipulated criminal responsibility for evading the obligation of the payment of alimony (Art. 209 k.k.). The regulation which was mentioned received new content, inter alia by introducing a qualified type, and it was furnished – for the first time in the history of the criminalisation on the non-payment of alimony – in a clause of impunity and the clause about the refraining from administering punishment in the case of the manifestation of voluntary disclosure on the part of the offender after the commission of the crime of the non-payment of alimony. The present publication explores the problems associated with the latter point – voluntary disclosure. In the light of the analysis which was conducted and the legislative deficiencies of the regulation Art. 209 § 5 k.k. and its relation to regulation Art. 59 k.k. one stated that from the perspective of legislative technique § 5 is inappropriate, and from the perspective of the criminal policy it is redundant. It seems that the function which is assumed – the ensuring of the satisfaction of the claims of the aggrieved party –simply regulation § 4 Art. 209 k.k., would serve this task perfectly, obviously after the removal of the shortcomings which were indicated.
Konstytucyjne aspekty procesu karnego w działalności Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich
Authors: Trociuk Stanisław
Published: May 2021

The changes in the broadly conceived criminal procedure which were introduced in recent years refer to the problems which are crucial from the perspective of the protection of human rights, such as the scope of the authority of the services due to operational control which is conducted secretly, the model of the functioning of the public prosecution service or the unlawful acquiring of evidence in a criminal procedure. The evaluation of these changes, conducted by the Ombudsman from the point of view of the constitutional standards of the protection of the rights of the individual is not positive. The new regulations reduce the quality of these standards and they do not contain sufficient guarantees of protection against the arbitrariness of the activities engaged in these terms by the organs of public authority. This phenomenon imposes a particular duty on the courts – which hear criminal cases – to see that the final decision in a criminal case respects the universal standards of the protection of human rights.
Jawność rozprawy głównej a gwarancje przewidziane w Konstytucji
Authors: Koper Radosław
Published: May 2021

The principle of openness, as one of the foremost principles of criminal proceedings, is realised above all during the main trial. The amendment act of law to the code of criminal procedure issued on 10 June 2016 introduced model changes in this regard. The article is devoted to a discussion of mainly these changes in the context of their consistency with the Constitution. The first change has to do with the fact that the public prosecutor has the right to express his or her objection toward the holding of a trial in camera, while such an objection is binding for the court. This regulation is a source of reservations of constitutional nature, for it violates the constitutional right to a fair adjudication of a case by the court. The second fundamental change consists in the establishment, as a principle, of audio-visual registering of the court session by the representatives of media outlets. In these terms, a critical analysis should be conducted upon the removal of the condition of the respect of the important interest of the participant of a criminal proceeding. However, a basically positive evaluation was received by the extension of the scope of the openness of the main trial, expressing a thesis about the constancy of this regulation with the Constitution.
The Efficacy of Providing Counselling and Psychological Support To Employee Engagement At Work Places
Authors: Lakmali B. K. D.
Published: May 2021

In today’s data driven business climate, there is almost no company that does not have stressed workers. The global economy is considerably shifting and exponentially accelerating the need for organizations to address challenges imposed by technological, demographic and marketplace changes that are further affected by globalization. These shifts also require organizations to maximize productivity with minimum workplace leading to reevaluation of costs associated with talent. Therefore, employees are expected to professionally function with responsibility, new initiatives, effective time management and commitment, and these expectations will result in employees being physically and mentally strained at their workplaces. Employee may become overwhelmed outside the workplace. Employees are one of the most valuable assets of any organization. The active role they play towards a company's success cannot be underestimated. Therefore, counseling intervention must play on employee engagement in ABC Apparel Manufacturing Pvt Ltd. Two independent factors have been considered in this research. They are group counseling and individual counseling; therefore, the sole dependent variable is employee engagement. 150 employees were selected as the sample for this study. The analysis of findings revealed that there is a better relationship between group counseling, individual counseling and employee engagement. Counseling intervention is the most critical party in this situation to increase employee morale and, it is found that counseling intervention plays a role in enhancing employee engagement in a company
Development of a provincial interactive antibiogram tool for Ontario
Authors: Lo Jennifer , Langford Bradley J , Leung Valerie , Ha Rita , Wu Julie Hui-Chih , Patel Samir N , Elsayed Sameer , Daneman Nick , Schwartz Kevin L , Garber Gary
Published: May 2021

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health issue with significant impact on health care. Antibiogram development and deployment is a key strategy for managing and preventing AMR. Our objective was to develop an Ontario antibiogram as part of a larger provincial initiative aimed at advancing antimicrobial stewardship in the province. Methods: As part of a voluntary provincial online survey, antibiogram data from 100 of 201 (49.8%) Ontario hospitals were collected and included. All hospitals in Ontario were eligible to participate except those providing only mental health or ambulatory services. Weighted provincial and regional antibiotic susceptibilities (percentages) were conducted using descriptive statistical analyses, and an interactive antibiogram spreadsheet was developed. Respondent-identified barriers to collecting and interpreting antibiogram data are presented descriptively. Results: There was wide regional variability in antimicrobial-resistant organisms across Ontario. Provincial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevalence was 24.6%, ranging from 5.9% to 43.7% regionally. Provincial Escherichia coli resistance to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin was 13.8% (regional range 6.0%–25.1%) and 22.5% (regional range 9.8–37.8%), respectively. Klebsiella spp resistance to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin was similar across all health regions, with overall provincial rates of 7.5% and 5.6%, respectively. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that integrating hospital AMR tracking and reporting as part of a larger voluntary provincial antimicrobial stewardship program initiative is a feasible approach to capturing AMR data. The provincial antibiogram serves as a benchmark for the current state of AMR provincially and across health regions.
HIV treatment outcomes among newcomers living with HIV in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Maritim Charity , McClarty Leigh , Leung Stella , Bruce Sharon , Restall Gayle , Migliardi Paula , Becker Marissa
Published: May 2021

Background: Despite the overrepresentation of immigrants and refugees (newcomers) in the HIV epidemic in Canada, research on their HIV treatment outcomes is limited. This study addressed this knowledge gap by describing treatment outcomes of newcomers in comparison with Canadian-born persons living with HIV in Manitoba. Methods: Clinical data from 1986 to 2017 were obtained from a cohort of people living with HIV and receiving care from the Manitoba HIV Program. Retrospective cohort analysis of secondary data was completed using univariate and multivariate statistics to compare differences in socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes among newcomers, Canadian-born Indigenous persons, and Canadian-born non-Indigenous persons on entry into HIV care. Results: By end of 2017, 86 newcomers, 259 Canadian-born Indigenous persons, and 356 Canadian-born non-Indigenous persons were enrolled in the cohort. Newcomers were more likely than Canadian-born Indigenous and non- Indigenous cohort participants to be younger and female and have self-reported HIV risk exposure as heterosexual contact. Average CD4 counts at entry into care did not differ significantly between groups. A higher proportion of newcomers was also diagnosed with tuberculosis within 6 months of entry into care (21%), compared with 6% and 0.6% of Canadian-born Indigenous non-Indigenous persons, respectively. Newcomers and Canadian-born non-Indigenous persons had achieved viral load suppression (< 200 copies/mL) at a similar proportion (93%), compared with 82% of Canadian-born Indigenous participants ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The distinct demographic and clinical characteristics of newcomers living with HIV requires a focused approach to facilitate earlier diagnosis, engagement, and support in care.
Efficacy of Levosimendan vs. Dobutamine in the Treatment of Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients Subjected to Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Jiménez Beatriz González , Jiménez Martínez Claudia Amelia , Torres Hernández Rosa María , Jiménez Beatriz González
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The ischaemic lesion due to coarctation of the aorta, inadequate myocardial protection, cardioplegic solutions, hypothermia and other factors can contribute to alterations in the myocardial contractility in the postsurgical period of valve replacement.
Objective: To determine the efficacy of Levosimendan vs. Dobutamine in the treatment of ventricular dysfunction in patients subjected to aortic valve replacement.
Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental research was carried out on 60 patients diagnosed with stenosis, insufficiency or double aortic lesion subjected to aortic valve replacement under general anaesthesia. Cohorts were randomly assigned, group I (n=30) Dobutamine at 7.5 μg/kg/min, and group II (n=30) Levosimendan infusion of 0.2 μg/kg/min. The following criteria were monitored in both groups arterial tension, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and the hemodynamic variables with central venous catheter 7 Fr Arrow and Swan Ganz catheter 7Fr Edwards via internal jugular. For the statistical analysis, the variables were analysed using the student’s t-test P<0.05.
Results: The average age was 57.02±13 years. The average dose was 3-5 gammas for Dobutamine and 0.1-0.2 gammas for Levosimendan. The left ventricular ejection fractions were 56.2±11% and 56.4±10%, respectively. In the postsurgical setting, significant differences were observed only in the capillary pressure (17.03±5.8 vs. 13.87±2.9 cmH2O, p<0.01). The Levosimendan group (64.1±13.6 vs. 57.6±12.9%, p=0.06).
Conclusion: The administration of Levosimendan during the perioperative aortic valve replacement was associated with a tendency of deterioration of the ejection fraction in the left ventricle compared to the use of Dobutamine.
Qualitative characteristics of Ribes Rubrum L. varieties breeding at the department of horticulture named after prof. V.L. Symyrenko NULES of Ukraine
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Andrusyk H.S. , Andrusyk Y.Y. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: May 2021

The results of research on the quality of seven varieties of red currants (Ribes rubrum L.), five of which are created by the Department of Horticulture named after prof. V.L. Symyrenko NULES of Ukraine.
Correlation of elements of seed and vegetative productivity of collective samples of white lupine
Authors:   National Scientific Centre «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine», Golodna A. , Baidiuk T. ,   National Scientific Centre «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine»
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to establish the strength and direction of the correlations between the quantitative traits that form vegetative and seed productivity of white lupine. Field, measuring-weight and mathematical-statistical research methods were used. A significant positive correlation of the average strength between seed productivity and such traits as plant height, number of lateral racemes, number of beans from the central and lateral racemes, etc. was established. A strong positive correlation was found with the vegetative development of plants, weak - with the number of seeds in one bean and the weight of 1000 seeds. A significant positive strong correlation of vegetative productivity with such quantitative features as the mass of beans from the central racemes and the mass of leaves and stems was established. A positive correlation of medium strength was found with the number of beans from the central and lateral racemes, the mass of beans from the side racemes, the mass of roots and so on. It was found that the seed productivity of white lupine plants is mainly due to the development of such traits as the number of beans from the lateral racemes, the weight of leaves and roots, the number of seeds and the weight of seeds from the central and lateral racemes. The formation of vegetative productivity primarily depends on the mass of beans from the central racemes and the mass of leaves and stems. The use of established patterns of productivity will help increase the effectiveness of selection of breeding material for the specified parameters.
KONSTANTIN SIVASH - CONSTRUCTOR OF UNIQUE ENDOPROTHESIS
Authors: Abdulhabirov M.
Published: May 2021

The author briefly describes the history of the creation of the hip joint endoprotheses, as well as the biography of Professor Konstantin Sivash, the implementator of a unique one-piece hip joint endoprosthesis, original knee and elbow joint endoprostheses, compression apparatus for the knee joint, plates and pins for osteosynthesis of fractures.
La fiscalité environnementale française ou
le cycle de l’absurde ?
Authors: Baudu Aurélien
Published: May 2021

Ce séminaire itinérant de la Société française de finances publiques (SFFP) est l’occasion de revenir sur les enjeux financiers et les risques juridiques que les écotaxes suscitent en France. L’exigence de recettes fiscales pour le budget général de l’État rappelle qu’il est nécessaire d’intégrer les atteintes portées à l’environnement dans la conception même de notre fiscalité mais les nombreux renoncements observés à ce sujet depuis ces dernières années confirment l’obligation de ne pas simultanément alourdir la pression fiscale pour ce faire.
Relación entre el CPOD y limitación en comer alimentos en escolares de 12 años de la parroquia Huayna-Cápac, Cuenca-Ecuador, 2016.
Authors: Camas Montero Julia Johana
Published: May 2021

La alta prevalencia de la caries dental a nivel mundial ha captado la atención y preocupación de los sistemas de salud de los gobiernos y organizaciones internacionales de salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar el índice CPOD y la limitación para comer alimentos en niños escolares de 12 años de edad de la parroquia Huayna Cápac. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo y la información se obtuvo de la base de datos del Mapa epidemiológico que reposa en el Departamento de Investigación de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Se utilizó toda la población compuesta por 152 escolares de 12 años de edad de la parroquia Huayna-Cápac, año 2016. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el Coeficiente de Concordancia Tau b de Kendall para medir el grado de la relación entre las variables Índice CPOD y limitaciones para comer alimentos. Se encontró un nivel medio de CPOD en los escolares, sin embargo, el nivel de CPOD no tiene relación con limitación para comer alimentos. La caries en este grupo es un problema de salud bucal potencial que requiere atención desde el sistema de salud pública.
ANOMALÍAS DENTARIAS DE NÚMERO, EVALUADAS EN TOMOGRAFÍAS COMPUTARIZADAS DE HAZ CÓNICO
Authors: Romero Diaz Kevin Romero
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: el objetivo del presente fue determinar la frecuencia de anomalías dentarias de número del servicio de radiología de la facultad de estomatología Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima en el periodo 2017-2018. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 1183 tomografías de haz cónico (TCHC), y se determinó la frecuencia de agenesias dentarias (AD) según grupo etario, sexo y localización. Dientes supernumerarios (DS) según grupo etario, sexo, localización, alteraciones de forma, tamaño, posición y erupción. Resultados: Se hallaron anomalías dentarias de número en 108 TCHC, se obtuvo 93.52 % de casos con DS y 6.48 % de AD. Los DS se presentan con mayor frecuencia de 6 a 15 años con 51.49 %, más en hombres con 53.47 %, localización más frecuente la zona anterior 52.48 %, la forma cónica con 30.69 %, dientes con microdoncia, el 24.75 % en posición horizontal, por último 74.26 % de DS que estaban incluidos. Las AD se presentaron en pacientes de 7 a 14 años más en hombres 85.71% y en el sector anterior. Conclusión: El 9% de la población se encontraron con anomalías de número. La localización más frecuente fue la zona anterior de la arcada. Además, no se presentó diferencia significativa de AD y DS entre hombres y mujeres.
Resolución no quirúrgica de pieza dentaria con lesión periapical y ápice abierto en paciente adulto, tratamiento con láser de diodo. Reporte de Caso
Authors: Pinasco Laura Beatriz
Published: May 2021

Los traumatismos dentoalveolares son lesiones que afectan no solo a las piezas dentarias, sino también a los tejidos de sostén. Los mismos pueden traer aparejados diversas secuelas, entre ellas la necrosis pulpar. Si no son detectadas a tiempo puede sumarse una lesión periapical complicando aún más el cuadro clínico. En los casos de dientes permanentes jóvenes, el tratamiento conlleva un desafío en la terapéutica, ya que se produce una interrupción del desarrollo radicular, presentando paredes de poco espesor y ápices abiertos. El siguiente artículo es un reporte de caso clínico de un paciente que concurre a la consulta con antecedente de traumatismo en sector anterior, presentando su incisivo central superior con su anatomía radicular incompleta y con lesión periapical extensa. Su tratamiento incluyó una terapia endodóntica con un cierre apical con Biodentine y aplicación de terapia laser. El seguimiento luego de 24 meses de finalizado el tratamiento, nos muestra al control tomográfico y clínico una evolución favorable. A pesar de presentar una lesión periapical extensa, el tratamiento endodóntico convencional, fue la primera elección.
Flipping Microlearning-based EFL Classroom to Enhance Learners’ SelfRegulation
Authors: Mohammad Hosseini Hamed , Ejtehadi Atena , Mohammad Hosseini Milad
Published: May 2021

The potential benefit of employing a flipped learning approach, where learners are presented with the content preceding the class time, is to make a shift from traditional teacher-centered learning environments to more learner- and learning-centered ones. As this content delivery should be short, small, fine, and powerful, ‘microlearning’ as a new method of content-delivery in mediated environments, is suggested. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of this flipped learning approach on raising Iranian EFL learners’ self-regulation. This study was undertaken on 26 intermediate students in a nine-week course held at an English Institute in Tehran, IRAN. Of the participants, 13 learned English using a task-based language teaching (TBLT) approach in a non-flipped learning setting, whereas 13 studied English in a flipped learning setting. The data was collected in three sections: self-regulation survey flipped learning questionnaire and focus group interviews. Findings demonstrate that the latter were more aware of the learning process itself, playing a more active role in the classroom, while enjoying learning, as being more engaged in the learning progress, resulting in the development of their autonomy and self-regulated learning.
Equivalencia psicométrica de las aplicaciones impresas y electrónicas de tres escalas psicosociales
Authors: Calleja Nazira , Candelario Mosco Julieta Beatriz , Rosas Medina Jorge Humberto , Souza Colín Erika
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of the format of administration (printed versus electronic) of psychosocial scales on their psychometric properties and the measurements obtained. University students (N = 435) completed three short and one-dimensional scales, which evaluated optimism, gratitude, and subjective well-being, in printed (52%) or electronic (48%) format. It was found that the mean scores of the three scales did not differ significantly when comparing both modes of application; overall, both electronic and paper instruments provided results with similar properties of reliability and validity. When analyzing the measurement invariance, comparing the model without constraints in the factor structure with the different models with invariance, the measures were equivalent in printed and electronic formats. It was concluded that the format of administration does not affect the indices obtained, so they could be used interchangeably.
Modeling Age of Acquisition Norms Using Transformer Networks
Authors: Laverghetta Jr. Antonio , Licato John
Published: May 2021

The age at which children acquire words is an important psycholinguistic property for modeling the growth of children's semantic networks. Much work over the years has explored how to effectively exploit statistical models to predict the age at which a word will be acquired, ranging from simple linear regression to LSA and skip-gram. However, thus far no work has explored whether transformers are any better at modeling word acquisition, despite the superior performance they have achieved on a wide variety of natural language processing (NLP) benchmarks. In this paper, we explore using several transformer models to predict the age of acquisition norms for several datasets. We evaluate the quality of our models using various experiments based on prior work and compare the transformers against two baseline models. We obtain promising results overall, as the transformers can outperform the baselines in most cases.
From Tax Compliance in Natural Language to Executable Calculations: Combining Lexical-grammar-based Parsing and Machine Learning
Authors: Manandise Esme , De Peuter Conrad , Mukherjee Saikat
Published: May 2021

Regulatory agencies publish tax-compliance content written in natural language intended for human consumption. There has been very little work on automated methods for interpreting this content and for generating executable calculations from it. In this paper, we describe a combination of lexical grammar-based parsing with encoder-decoder architectures for automatically bootstrapping executable calculations from natural language. The combination is particularly suitable for domains such as compliance where training data is scarce and accuracy of interpretation is of high importance. We provide an overview of the implementation for North American income-tax forms.
Using deep learning for trajectory classification in imbalanced dataset
Authors: Freitas Nicksson Ckayo Arrais de , Da Silva Ticiana L. Coelho , De Macêdo José Antônio Fernandes , Júnioer Leopoldo Melo
Published: May 2021

Deep learning has gained much popularity in the past years due to GPU advancements, cloud computing improvements, and its supremacy, considering the accuracy results when trained on massive datasets. As with machine learning, deep learning models may experience low performance when handled with imbalanced datasets. In this paper, we focus on the trajectory classification problem, and we examine deep learning techniques for coping with imbalanced class data. We extend a deep learning model, called DeepeST (Deep Learning for Sub-Trajectory classification), to predict the class or label for sub-trajectories from imbalanced datasets. DeepeST is the first deep learning model for trajectory classification that provides approaches for coping with imbalanced dataset problems from the authors' knowledge. In this paper, we perform the experiments with three real datasets from LBSN (Location-Based Social Network) trajectories to identify who is the user of a sub-trajectory (similar to the Trajectory-User Linking problem). We show that DeepeST outperforms other deep learning approaches from state-of-the-art concerning the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.