bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Sentences With Complex Syntax in Speech Babble by Adolescents With Normal Hearing or Cochlear Implants
Authors: Nittrouer Susan , Lowenstein Joanna H.
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

General language abilities of children with cochlear implants have been thoroughly investigated, especially at young ages, but far less is known about how well they process language in real-world settings, especially in higher grades. This study addressed this gap in knowledge by examining recognition of sentences with complex syntactic structures in backgrounds of speech babble by adolescents with cochlear implants, and peers with normal hearing.

Design:

Two experiments were conducted. First, new materials were developed using young adults with normal hearing as the normative sample, creating a corpus of sentences with controlled, but complex syntactic structures presented in three kinds of babble that varied in voice gender and number of talkers. Second, recognition by adolescents with normal hearing or cochlear implants was examined for these new materials and for sentence materials used with these adolescents at younger ages. Analyses addressed three objectives: (1) to assess the stability of speech recognition across a multiyear age range, (2) to evaluate speech recognition of sentences with complex syntax in babble, and (3) to explore how bottom-up and top-down mechanisms account for performance under these conditions.

Results:

Results showed: (1) Recognition was stable across the ages of 10–14 years for both groups. (2) Adolescents with normal hearing performed similarly to young adults with normal hearing, showing effects of syntactic complexity and background babble; adolescents with cochlear implants showed poorer recognition overall, and diminished effects of both factors. (3) Top-down language and working memory primarily explained recognition for adolescents with normal hearing, but the bottom-up process of perceptual organization primarily explained recognition for adolescents with cochlear implants.

Conclusions:

Comprehension of language in real-world settings relies on different mechanisms for adolescents with cochlear implants than for adolescents with normal hearing. A novel finding was that perceptual organization is a critical factor.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21965228
COVID‐19 clinical medical relationship extraction based on MPNet
Authors: Qianmin Su , Wei Pan , Xiaoqiong Cai , Hongxing Ling , Jihan Huang
Published: February 2023

With the rapid development of biomedical research and information technology, the number of clinical medical literature has increased exponentially. At present, COVID‐19 clinical text research has some problems, such as lack of corpus and poor annotation quality. In clinical medical literature, there are many medical related semantic relationships between entities. After the task of entity recognition, how to further extract the relationships between entities efficiently and accurately becomes very critical. In this study, a COVID‐19 clinical trial data relationship extraction model based on deep learning method is proposed. The model adopts MPNet model, bidirectional‐GRU (BiGRU) network, MAtt mechanism and Conditional Random Field inference layer integration architecture and improves the problem that static word vector cannot represent ambiguity through pre‐trained language model. BiGRU network is used to replace the current Bi directional long short term memory structure and simplify the network structure of Long Short Term Memory to improve the training efficiency of the model. Through comparative experiments, the proposed method performs well in the COVID‐19 clinical text entity relation extraction task.
Efficient implementation of Gaussian process–based predictive control by quadratic programming
Authors: Polcz Péter , Péni Tamás , Tóth Roland
Published: February 2023

The paper addresses the problem of accelerating predictive control of non‐linear system models augmented with Gaussian processes (GP‐MPC). Due to the non‐linear and stochastic prediction model, predictive control of GP‐based models requires to solve a stochastic optimization problem. Different model simplification methods have to be applied to reformulate this problem to a deterministic, non‐linear optimization task that can be handled by a numerical solver. As these problems are still complex, especially with exact moment calculations, real‐time implementation of GP‐MPC is extremely challenging. The existing solutions accelerate the computations at the solver level by linearizing the non‐linear optimization problem and applying sequential convexification. In contrast, this paper proposes a novel GP‐MPC solution approach that without linearization formulates a series of surrogate quadratic programs (QP‐s) to iteratively obtain the solution of the original non‐linear optimization problem. The first step is embedding the non‐linear mean‐variance dynamics of the GP‐MPC prediction model in a linear parameter‐varying (LPV) structure and rewriting the constraints in parameter‐varying form. By fixing the scheduling trajectory at a known variation (based on previously computed or initial state‐input trajectories), optimization of the input sequence for the remaining varying linear model reduces to a linearly constrained quadratic program. After solving the QP, the non‐linear prediction model is simulated for the new control input sequence and new scheduling trajectories are updated. The procedure is iterated until the convergence of the scheduling, that is, the solution of the QP converges to the solution of the original non‐linear optimization problem. By designing a reference tracking controller for a 4DOF robot arm, we illustrate that the convergence is remarkably fast and the approach is computationally advantageous compared to current solutions. The proposed method enables the application of GP‐MPC algorithms even with exact moment matching on fast dynamical systems and requires only a QP solver.
Therapie der chronisch thromboembolischen pulmonalen Hypertonie
Authors: Wiedenroth Christoph B. , Mayer Eckhard , Guth Stefan
Published: February 2023

Die chronisch thromboembolische pulmonale Hypertonie (CTEPH) ist eine wichtige und oft gut behandelbare Form der pulmonalen Hypertonie. Es stehen aktuell 3 Therapiemodalitäten zur
Verfügung: die pulmonale Endarteriektomie, die pulmonale Ballonangioplastie und die gezielte medikamentöse Behandlung. Das therapeutische Konzept hängt maßgeblich von der Lokalisation der
zugrunde liegenden pulmonalarteriellen fibrösen Obstruktionen ab. Die pulmonale Endarteriektomie ist der Goldstandard in der Behandlung der CTEPH. Für inoperable Patienten stehen
mittlerweile 2 zugelassene Substanzen (Riociguat und Treprostinil) zur Verfügung. Daneben wird bei Vorhandensein entsprechender Zielgebiete die interventionelle Therapie empfohlen.
Evaluation und Behandlung von CTEPH-Patienten sollte in entsprechend erfahrenen Zentren erfolgen.
Messung der Bandscheibenhöhen in der Lendenwirbelsäule. Vergleich von Proiektionsradiographie und Kernspintomografie, Messmethode und Bestimmung der Inter-Observer-Reliabilität
Authors: Spahn Gunter , Ramadani Milot , Günther Stephan , Retzlaff Cornelia , Klemm Holm Torsten , Meyer-Clement Michael , Hofmann Gunther O
Published: February 2023

Zielstellung Retrospektive radiologische Untersuchung (Röntgen und MRT) zur Bestimmung der Reliabilität der Messmethoden der Bandscheibenhöhen der Lendenwirbelsäule.

Methode Von 130 Patienten ohne nachweisbare Schädigung der Bandscheiben wurden die Röntgen- und MRT-Bilder der Lendenwirbelsäule ausgewertet. Die Messungen erfolgten entweder in der Mittellinie (Hurxthal) oder mit der 2-Punkt-Methode nach Dabbs bzw. mit der 3-Punkt-Methode nach Fyllos.

Ergebnisse Die durchschnittliche Bandscheibenhöhe für alle gemessenen Segmente betrug 8,8 mm (SD 1,4 mm). In der Hurxthal-Messung wurden die signifikant (p < 0,001) höchsten Werte mit einem Durchschnitt von 9,1 mm (SD 1,3 mm) gemessen. Die durchschnittlichen Messwerte für die Fyllos-Methode betrugen 7,5 mm (SD 1,2 mm) und nach Dabbs 6,7 mm (SD 1,2 mm). Die Messwerte von Observer I waren im Durchschnitt 1,2 mm (SD 0,3 mm) kleiner als die von Observer II (p < 0,001). Die höchste Interobserver-Korrelation wurde bei den Messungen in der Projektionsradiografie in der AP-Methode nach Dabbs und Fyllos gefunden. Die Messwerte bei Männern waren unabhängig von der Methode 0,5 mm (SD 0,01 mm) größer als bei Frauen (p < 0,001). Die Höhe der Bandscheiben nimmt bis zum 40. Lebensjahr deutlich zu, aber über das 40. Lebensjahr hinaus bleibt die Höhe der Bandscheiben entweder konstant oder fällt leicht, aber nicht signifikant, ab. Der Lordosewinkel der Lendenwirbelsäule und
der Konkavitätsindex der Wirbelkörper zeigten keine Korrelation mit den gemessenen Bandscheibenhöhen.

Schlussfolgerungen Die radiologischen Messungen zur Bestimmung der Bandscheibenhöhe haben nur eine moderate Zuverlässigkeit. Die Ergebnisse des Röntgens sind denen der MRT-Untersuchung überlegen. Die genauesten Ergebnisse liefern Messungen, die auf exakten Landmarken der Wirbelkörper basieren. Die Methode nach Dabbs scheint im Moment die genaueste zu sein. Eine altersatypische Chondrose bei Patienten ohne Bandscheibenschäden gibt es offensichtlich nicht.
Flap Debulking and Secondary Revisions in Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Systematic Review with Clinical Applications
Authors: Bashorun Olatunde H. , Johnson R. Michael , Johnson Elise A.
Published: February 2023

Flap debulking and secondary revisions are an integral factor in providing optimum outcomes to reconstructive patients. This review article summarizes systematically the available literature on flap debulking in head and neck reconstruction. The clinical applications of debulking techniques are discussed, including fractional direct excision, liposuction, and single-stage excision or planning with skin grafting. New technologies are also discussed.
A novel of de-formation: Cormac McCarthy’s Child of God as a postmodern Gothic parody of the Bildungsroman
Authors: Jafari Mona , Beyad Maryam Soltan , Ramin Zohreh
Published: February 2023

Cormac McCarthy’s fiction has been widely acclaimed for its unstinting exploration of the subterranean recesses of human subjectivity and its inarticulate horrors. His third novel, Child of God (1973), achieves the foregoing by tapping into Gothic and postmodern features, both of which demonstrate a corresponding concern with human subjectivity. As a literary tradition intimately intertwined with the teleological discourse of humanism, the Bildungsroman or the novel of formation can provide an optimal point of departure for participation in the contemporary debate on human subjectivity. Despite the distinct imbrication between Child of God and the Bildungsroman, a systematic study of its significance vis-à-vis the novel’s stance on human subjectivity in postmodern times has not been conducted. Accordingly, the present study stakes out a new terrain in postmodern Gothic studies by establishing a line of communication between the Gothic, postmodernism, and the tradition of the Bildungsroman based on their relationship with the discourse of humanism. The interplay reconfigures the significance of Gothic horror in the postmodern world. In particular, the current paper argues that Child of God is a postmodern parody—in accordance with Linda Hutcheon’s definition—of the Bildungsroman, which draws on subversive Gothic elements in order to make a polemic statement about the status of Man in the postmodern world. It will be demonstrated that the novel reiterates the elements of the Bildungsroman with ironic critical distance, portraying the horrid dissolution of humanist subjectivity rather than its teleological progress toward positive identity formation and social integration. It will be indicated, however, that although the protagonist edges toward posthuman monstrosity in such a way as to limn the failure of the Bildungsroman and its humanist tradition, the posthuman liminality and marginality ensuing from this disintegration are not celebrated in the novel, as its Gothicity serves to voice the consequent horrors of this dissolution.
Engineering structured magnetic bits for magnonic holographic memory
Authors: Balinskiy Michael , Khitun Alexander
Published: February 2023

Magnonic holographic memory is a type of memory that uses spin waves for magnetic bit read-in and read-out. Its operation is based on the interaction between magnets and propagating spin waves where the phase and the amplitude of the spin wave are sensitive to the magnetic field produced by the magnet. Memory states 0 and 1 are associated with the presence/absence of the magnet in a specific location. In this work, we present experimental data showing the feasibility of magnetic bit location using spin waves. The testbed consists of four micro-antennas covered by Y3Fe2(FeO4)3 yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film. A constant in-plane bias magnetic field is provided by NdFeB permanent magnet. The magnetic bit is made of strips of magnetic steel to maximize interaction with propagating spin waves. In the first set of experiments, the position of the bit was concluded by the change produced in the transmittance between two antennas. The minima appear at different frequencies and show different depths for different positions of the bit. In the second set of experiments, two input spin waves were generated, where the phase difference between the waves is controlled by the phase shifter. The minima in the transmitted spectra appear at different phases for different positions of magnetic bit. The utilization of the structured bit enhances its interaction with propagating spin waves and improves recognition fidelity compared to a regular-shaped bit. The recognition accuracy is further improved by exploiting spin wave interference. The depth of the transmission minima corresponding to different magnet positions may exceed 30 dB. All experiments are accomplished at room temperature. Overall, the presented data demonstrate the practical feasibility of using spin waves for magnetic bit red-out. The practical challenges are also discussed.
Digital twin of an apparatus for combined thermoelectric measurements
Authors: Kopatz S. , Ziolkowski P. , Müller E.
Published: February 2023

A high thermoelectric (TE) figure of merit zT of materials enables a high energy conversion efficiency. The quantity zT is defined by the Seebeck coefficient (S), the electric (σ) and thermal (κ) conductivity, and the absolute temperature (T). In this paper, we report on a computational model of the Combined ThermoElectric Measurement (CTEM) apparatus, which is a simultaneous characterization method capable of measuring the full set of above-mentioned thermoelectric transport properties between −190 and 600 °C. Currently, the measurement results show deviations due to unidentified error sources. As a solution approach of identifying possible error sources, a digital twin of the CTEM was developed. The computational thermal-electrical circuit model mainly consists of thermal sieving chains representing the relevant sample holder components, in particular two metallic blocks and a TE sample. For a computational consistency check of the measuring principles, ideal conditions are assumed, while no potential error sources are implemented, yet. Here, we present the measurement principles and procedures of creating the computational model of the CTEM. After studies on local discretization, the computational model undergoes a consistency check for model validation. The deviations between input parameters and simulated results of the three mentioned thermoelectric properties have been found negligibly small (≪1%) for ideal measurement conditions. This agreement certifies a realistic representation of the behavior of the sample holder by the digital twin with a satisfying reproduction of ideal measurement conditions by simplifying assumptions and the applicability of underlying measurement principles and evaluation protocols.
Heat-induced ultrathin oxide layer blocks the current generation of Schottky nanogenerators
Authors: Li Kunying , Huang Xuanyu , Xiang Xiaojian , Zheng Quanshui
Published: February 2023

Schottky nanogenerators (SNGs) are very simple power generation devices that can generate a direct current with a high current density of 104–107 Am−2 by sliding a metal-coated nanotip on semiconductor wafers. However, the current generation of SNGs has a rapid degradation if the sliding between metal and semiconductor is repeatedly performed over the same area. Although it is widely guessed that the oxidization during sliding on the semiconductor side induces the current attenuation, there is no reported in situ direct characterization of the ultrathin oxide layer (thickness <0.5 nm) in the SNGs as a demonstration of the aforementioned attenuation mechanism, and no reason for the oxidation is given. Here, we performed meticulous characterization and then illustrated that the current attenuation is mainly derived from the growth of an ultra-thin oxide layer in the semiconductor side contact region, which is mainly caused by friction heating and Joule heating. This understanding may guide the design and development of Schottky generators with a high current density as well as sufficient long life.
Magnetic hyperthermia of AFe2O4 (A = Fe, Mn, Co) nanoparticles prepared by Co-precipitation method
Authors: Kaur Yashpreet , Chandel Abhishek , Chudasama Bhupendra
Published: February 2023

With 10 million deaths in 2020 cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases in contemporary medicine. Chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy are commonly used to treat tumors. These treatments harm healthy tissues and succeed rarely in advance stages of cancer. Recent studies indicate that magnetic hyperthermia, which involves targeted delivery of magnetic nanoparticles to tumor cells followed by localized remote heating of cancer tissues could revolutionize clinical practice in the treatment of cancer, either as standalone intervention or adjunct to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Water dispersible magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of ferrites (AFe2O4; A = Fe, Mn, Co) are the promising candidates for magnetic hyperthermia due to their high chemical stability, biocompatibility, moderate magnetization and high specific absorption rates (SAR). In this article, we have evaluated magnetic hyperthermia efficiency of water based magnetic fluids of AFe2O4. AFe2O4 NPs were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. Nanoparticles were coated with a bilayer of oleic acid and dispersed in water. Structural and magnetic properties of MNPs were investigated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD study revealed that AFe2O4 NPs exhibits cubic inverse spinel structure. Fe3O4 (Ms = 48 emu/g, Mr = 2.60 emu/g, Hc = 49 Oe), MnFe2O4 (Ms = 40 emu/g, Mr = 2.60 emu/g, Hc = 35 Oe) and CoFe2O4 (44 emu/g, Mr = 10.10 emu/g, Hc =440 Oe) NPs exhibits soft ferromagnetic behaviour. Magnetic hyperthermia measurements were performed as a function of magnetic field strength (2–10 mT), field frequency (162–935.6 kHz) for 10 minutes. MNPs exhibits highest SAR values for 10 mT field strength at 935.6 kHz. Amongst the tested MNPs, Fe3O4 possess the highest SAR value (27.35 W/g), followed by MnFe2O4 (1.91 W/g) and CoFe2O4 (0.94 W/g). Considering this, it is concluded that amongst the inverse spinel ferrites AFe2O4, Fe3O4 NPs and most suitable for magnetic hyperthermia applications.
Rapid virus detection using magnetic second harmonics of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Hirota Ryuichi , Murayama Toru , Katsumi Ryota , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Yabukami Shin , Igarashi Ryuji , Negishi Yuichi , Kusakabe Moriaki , Sekino Masaki , Yatsui Takashi , Kuwahata Akihiro
Published: February 2023

Virus detection methods based on nonlinear magnetic response of magnetic nanoparticles have been investigated, and magnetic detection methods using the third harmonic are widely applied, owing to their high sensitivity and short measurement time. This paper proposes a virus detection method based on the second harmonic because of its larger signal component. We found that the second harmonic signal is superior to the third harmonic signal for small nanobeads and a large change of the second harmonic signal in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with nanobeads concentration. In addition, a virus detection limit of 100 pg/ml is achieved. Therefore, the proposed method can potentially be utilized for rapid screening of viruses.
Multiferroic properties of Bi0.95H0.05FeO3 polycrystalline films (H = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er)
Authors: Lin T. K. , Chang H. W. , Hung C. Y. , Wang C. R. , Wei D. H. , Tu C. S. , Chen P. Y.
Published: February 2023

We investigated the structure, ferroelectric, magnetic, and leakage characteristics of Bi0.95H0.05FeO3 (BHFO) polycrystalline films with H = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er. Bi0.95H0.05FeO3 films were confirmed to mainly consist of the perovskite phase, and the phase structure belongs to the pseudo-cubic phase. The desired ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties at the same time, the remanent polarization (2Pr) of 57–81 μC/cm2 and the saturation magnetization (Ms) of 11.6–21.3 emu/cm3, are obtained for Bi0.95H0.05FeO3 films. Lower 2Pr with smaller ionic radius of H is possibly related to limited ion movement because of the reduced volume of the unit cell in BHFO films. Low leakage current characteristics and leakage mechanisms in Bi0.95H0.05FeO3 films are also discussed. In aspect of the magnetic properties, H can significantly improve the magnetic properties of BFO by A-site substitutions due to the suppressed spiral structure and importantly the contribution of high magnetic moment of H ion. The results of this work suggests BHFO films is a good multiferroic material, especially the samples with H = Tb and Dy.
Who Copied Whom?
Authors: Jacobsen Casper
Published: February 2023

Is the vocabulary appended to a late copy of the Franciscan missionary Andrés de Olmos’ grammar of Nauatl from 1547 an addendum produced by the same author, thus constituting the earliest known lexicographic work of colonial America? By reviewing the debate surrounding this vocabulary found in the so-called Fischer (Tulane, or TULAL) manuscript and examining it using new insights into dictionary-making in the early modern world, I argue that it postdates the 1540s. In contrast to the assumption that the Fischer vocabulary was a source for the famous Spanish-to-Nauatl dictionary from 1555 by the Franciscan missionary Alonso de Molina, I demonstrate that the author of the vocabulary employed Molina’s later dictionaries from 1571 as its main lexicographic sources. The potential relation to Molina’s early dictionary is also examined and similarly indicates that the Fischer vocabulary was copied from Molina rather than vice versa, although the vocabulary may have been composed at different times.
Probiotics-loaded carrageenan microspheres for inflammatory bowel disease treatment
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Li Cuihong , Wu Qinfang , Gan Qin
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, many studies have been established to develop strategies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. However, seldom of them explored the synergistic effects of materials and probiotics in IBD treatment. Herein, we prepared probiotics-loaded dietary fiber microspheres and studied their potential in IBD therapy. The carrageenan, a typical dietary fiber, was functionalized with polymerizable groups and employed to fabricate the methylacrylylated carrageenan hydrogel microspheres (CHMSs) by microfluidics. The CHMSs loaded with probiotics exhibited good monodispersity, biocompatibility, and the best effects in relieving the symptoms of IBD and body weight recovery than other groups, indicating the probiotics and carrageenan have synergistic effect for IBD treatment. These results show the huge potential of the probiotics-loaded CHMSs for IBD therapy.
Dose evaluation of the one-year-old child in PET imaging by 18F-(DOPA, FDG, FLT, FET) and 68Ga-EDTA using reference voxel phantoms
Authors: Sadremomtaz Alireza , Mohammadi Ghalebin Maziyar
Published: February 2023

Because of more sensitive organs due to high growth rates, evaluating the absorbed dose is essential for children to prevent irreparable damage. Therefore, to this aim, a one-year-old child’s whole-body effective dose and organ absorbed dose were evaluated for various PET imaging Radiopharmaceuticals such as:18F-DOPA, 18F-FDG, 18F-FLT, 18F-FET, and 68Ga-EDTA. For this aim, one-year-old child reference voxel phantoms and GATE Monte Carlo simulation were used, and the results were compared with the ICRP128 report (for stylized phantom). The highest absorbed dose was related to bladder wall (for 18F-DOPA, 18F-FET, and 68Ga-EDTA), heart wall (for 18F-FDG), and liver (for 18F-FLT) between 30 organs that have been studied. Comparing the results with the ICRP128 report values for a one-year-old child show a significant difference in some organs. Comparison of the effective dose with the ICRP128 report shows a relative difference of 22%, 12.5%, 11.8%, 10.8% and 8.6% for 18F-DOPA, 68Ga-EDTA, 18F-FDG, 18F-FET, 18F-FLT, respectively. In conclusion, using new one-year-old voxel phantoms could provide a better estimate of organs absorbed dose and whole-body effective dose due to its exact structure.
The model pH-controlled delivery system based on gelatin-tannin hydrogels containing ferrous ascorbate: iron release in vitro
Authors: Osetrov Konstantin , Uspenskaya Mayya , Olekhnovich Roman
Published: February 2023

Hydrogels have become an essential class among all biomaterials. The specialized biomaterials are highly valued in the field of biomedical applications. One of the problems in wound management is local microelement deficiency associated with extensive wound lesions. The significant lack of elemental iron in the human body leads to serious consequences and prolongs treatment. The synthesis of gelatin-tannin hydrogels with ion delivery function is proposed in this study. The ability to release ions in low acid solution is a sphere of great interest. The pH drop in the wound cavity is usually associated with the contamination of some bacterial cultures. pH-controlled delivery of iron in buffer solutions (рН = 5.5/6.4/7.4) was considered for these hydrogels. The kinetics of iron release was determined by visible spectroscopy. Theoretical models were applied to describe the process of ion delivery. The structure of materials was examined by IR-spectroscopy and demonstrated the incorporation of ferrous ascorbate into hydrogel matrix. Thermal analysis was used to point out the key differences in thermal behavior by isoconversional methods (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa/Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose). The mechanical properties of the materials have been studied. The effect of iron ascorbate on polymer network parameters was discussed. The current study demonstrated the possibility of obtaining gelatin-tannin hydrogels for pH-dependent iron delivery. That provides future perspectives to expand the set of releasing microelements for biomedical applications.
Potential of existing strategies to reduce net anthropogenic inputs of phosphorus to land in the United States
Authors: Algren Mikaela , Burke Tierra Tisby , Chowdhury Zia Uddin Md , Costello Christine , Landis Amy E
Published: February 2023

Improving phosphorus (P) management is important for both ecosystem protection and avoiding mineable P scarcity. In order to inform the development of impactful solutions to both of these issues, we assessed the potential of several specific management strategies to reduce demand for new mined P in fertilizers and supplements for livestock, thereby reducing net P inputs to land. The strategies assessed were variable rate fertilizer (VRF) application, improvements to P digestibility for livestock, efficient utilization of manure and wastewater treatment (WWT) P, and elimination of avoidable domestic food waste. The potential of these strategies to reduce net anthropogenic P inputs was assessed at the county level for the coterminous US using the commodity-specific net anthropogenic P and nitrogen inputs (CSNAPNI) model. The largest contributions toward eliminating NAPI in the US can come from efficient manure utilization either at national (30%–50% NAPI reduction) or county-level (21%–30% NAPI reduction). However, widespread adoption of VRF (10%–41% NAPI reduction), and all other strategies considered (5% or greater NAPI reductions each) could make significant contributions. In combinations of strategies that included VRF or P digestibility improvements, negative feedbacks occurred. VRF reduced demand for fertilizer, thereby reducing the potential for efficient manure and WWT P utilization at the county-level. P digestibility improvements in poultry and swine diets reduced the expected production of recoverable manure P by 36%, decreasing the total manure P that could be used to replace mined P fertilizer. However, P digestibility improvements also reduced county-level excess manure P by 25%. Prior studies have focused on quantifying P inputs or the potential of in-situ best management practices to reduce losses to water, but strategies to reduce P inputs are understudied.
A generating function approach to new representation stability phenomena in orbit configuration spaces
Authors: Bibby Christin , Gadish Nir
Published: February 2023

As countless examples show, it can be fruitful to study a sequence of complicated objects all at once via the formalism of generating functions. We apply this point of view to the homology and combinatorics of orbit configuration spaces: using the notion of twisted commutative algebras, which essentially categorify algebras in exponential generating functions. This idea allows for a factorization of the orbit configuration space “generating function” into an infinite product, whose terms are surprisingly easy to understand. Beyond the intrinsic aesthetic of this decomposition and its quantitative consequences, it suggests a sequence of primary, secondary, and higher representation stability phenomena. Based on this, we give a simple geometric recipe for identifying new stabilization actions with finiteness properties in some cases, which we use to unify and generalize known stability results. We demonstrate our method by characterizing secondary and higher stability for configuration spaces on

i
i

-acyclic spaces. For another application, we describe a natural filtration by which one observes a filtered representation stability phenomenon in configuration spaces on graphs.
Partition identities from higher level crystals of 𝐴₁⁽¹⁾
Authors: Dousse Jehanne , Hardiman Leonard , Konan Isaac
Published: February 2023

We study perfect crystals for the standard modules of the affine Lie algebra

A
1

(
1
)

A_1^{(1)}

at all levels using the theory of multi-grounded partitions. We prove a family of partition identities which are reminiscent of the Andrews–Gordon identities and companions to the Meurman–Primc identities, but with simple difference conditions involving absolute values.
Woodboring Beetle (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae) Responses to Hurricane Michael in Variously Damaged Southeastern US Pine Plantations
Authors: Miller Chelsea N , Barnes Brittany F , Kinz Sarah , Spinner Seth C , Vogt James T , McCarty Elizabeth , Gandhi Kamal J K
Published: February 2023

In October 2018, catastrophic Hurricane Michael caused $1.7 billion in damage to standing timber in Florida, USA. To inform recovery efforts, varying levels of damaged (low, moderate, and high) slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm) stands were sampled for woodboring beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae; Cerambycidae). These beetles generally colonize stressed and damaged trees, and their larval tunneling activities reduce the value of timber salvaged post disturbance. From 2019 to 2020, 3,810 adults of 32 species were trapped. Acanthocinus obsoletus Olivier and Monochamus sp. complex (M. titillator Fabricius; M. carolinensis Olivier) comprised 86% of all catches. Approximately 50% and 60% more woodborers, especially Monochamus sp., were trapped in moderate-damage stands in 2019 than in high- and low-damage stands, respectively. This trend was not present in 2020. From 2019 to 2020, total catches increased by ~29%, reflected by increases in Monochamus sp. and Xylotrechus sagittatus Germar. In 2019, high-damage stands had the greatest species richness, followed by low- and moderate-damage stands. Species composition in 2019 did not differ among variously damaged stands, but was more heterogeneous in low-damage than high-damage stands in 2020. Results indicate that timely salvage harvesting of moderate- and high-damage stands after catastrophic wind disturbances may lower the economic impacts by subcortical woodboring beetles.
Chromosome-level Genome Assembly ofEuphorbia peplus, a Model System for Plant Latex, Reveals that Relative Lack of Ty3 Transposons Contributed to Its Small Genome Size
Authors: Johnson Arielle R , Yue Yuanzheng , Carey Sarah B , Park Se Jin , Kruse Lars H , Bao Ashley , Pasha Asher , Harkess Alex , Provart Nicholas J , Moghe Gaurav D , Frank Margaret H
Published: February 2023

Euphorbia peplus (petty spurge) is a small, fast-growing plant that is native to Eurasia and has become a naturalized weed in North America and Australia. Euphorbia peplus is not only medicinally valuable, serving as a source for the skin cancer drug ingenol mebutate, but also has great potential as a model for latex production owing to its small size, ease of manipulation in the laboratory, and rapid reproductive cycle. To help establish E. peplus as a new model, we generated a 267.2-Mb Hi-C-anchored PacBio HiFi nuclear genome assembly with a BUSCO score of 98.5%, a genome annotation based on RNA-seq data from six organs, and publicly accessible tools including a genome browser and an interactive organ-specific expression atlas. Chromosome number is highly variable across Euphorbia species. Using a comparative analysis of our newly sequenced E. peplus genome with other Euphorbiaceae genomes, we show that variation in Euphorbia chromosome number between E. peplus and Euphorbia lathyris is likely due to fragmentation and rearrangement rather than chromosomal duplication followed by diploidization of the duplicated sequence. Moreover, we found that the E. peplus genome is relatively compact compared with related members of the genus in part due to restricted expansion of the Ty3 transposon family. Finally, we identify a large gene cluster that contains many previously identified enzymes in the putative ingenol mebutate biosynthesis pathway, along with additional gene candidates for this biosynthetic pathway. The genomic resources we have created for E. peplus will help advance research on latex production and ingenol mebutate biosynthesis in the commercially important Euphorbiaceae family.
Climbing and Clinging of Urban Lizards are Differentially Affected by Morphology, Temperature, and Substrate
Authors: Vaughn P L , Colwell C , Livingston E H , McQueen W , Pettit C , Spears S , Tuhela L , Gangloff E J
Published: February 2023

Synopsis

Urbanization alters the environment along many dimensions, including changes to structural habitat and thermal regimes. These can present challenges, but may also provide suitable habitat for certain species. Importantly, the functional implications of these habitat shifts can be assessed through the morphology–performance–fitness paradigm, though these relationships are complicated by interactions among habitat choice, other abiotic factors, and morphology across scales (i.e., micromorphology and gross anatomy). The common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) is one example of a cosmopolitan and successful urban colonizer. Quantifying both shifts in morphology over time and morphology–performance relationships under various ecological contexts can provide insight into the success of species in a novel environment. To examine how morphological variation influences performance, we measured seven gross morphological characteristics and utilized scanning electron microscopy to obtain high-resolution images of a claw from individuals living in established populations in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. We used a geometric morphometric approach to describe variation in claw shape and then compared the claws of contemporary lizards to those of museum specimens collected approximately 40 years ago, finding that claw morphology has not shifted over this time. We then performed laboratory experiments to measure the clinging and climbing performance of lizards on materials that mimic ecologically relevant substrates. Each individual was tested for climbing performance on two substrates (cork and turf) and clinging performance on three substrates (cork, turf, and sandpaper) and at two temperatures (24ºC and 34ºC). Clinging performance was temperature insensitive, but determined by substrate-specific interactions between body dimensions and claw morphology. Conversely, the main determinant of climbing performance was temperature, though lizards with more elongate claws, as described by the primary axis of variation in claw morphology, climbed faster. Additionally, we found strong evidence for within-individual trade-offs between performance measures such that individuals who are better at clinging are worse at climbing and vice versa. These results elucidate the complex interactions shaping organismal performance in different contexts and may provide insight into how certain species are able to colonize novel urban environments.
Strategy, Secrecy, and External Support for Insurgent Groups
Authors: Paliwal Avinash , Staniland Paul
Published: February 2023

States support transnational insurgents in an important variety of ways, from highly public efforts to transform the status quo to covert backing with limited ambitions. In this paper, we introduce a new theory to help explain variation in these strategies of external support. We argue that the offensive or defensive goals of state sponsors interact with their fears of escalation to shape how they support armed groups. Four strategies of state sponsorship emerge from different combinations of sponsor goals and escalation fears. We empirically investigate this argument with a unique medium-N study of Indian support and nonsupport for insurgents in South Asia. Based on fieldwork, primary sources, and specialized secondary literature, we uncover a rich landscape of links between India and armed groups in its neighborhood. We show a systematic connection between the strategies of support that India chooses with its aims in supporting rebels and its fears of escalation from doing so. However, there are mispredictions between our theory and empirical reality that we use in the conclusion to suggest new directions for research.
Stability mechanism and control technology of large inclined working face roof in large-scale caving area
Authors: Ma Shoulong , Wang Yueping , Wang Haibo , Gao Linsheng
Published: February 2023

Based on the compound roof in the 211 112 working face of mine no. 2 in the Xinji area and various newly emerging geological conditions such as crack development in coal seams and major slopes, the roof of the severely sloped working face was studied focusing on the stress, strain and fracture features, along with the mechanism of rib spalling in the coal wall and the grouting strengthening technology. According to the analysis, the pre-loaded pressure on the working face tended to be redistributed with the development of the coal roof caving zone, which resulted in new stress concentration in the coal wall before the caving zone. Compared with the stress before rib spalling, stress decreased with the increased depth of rib spalling, which caused a slightly lower risk of rib spalling. Based on the analysis, an inorganic grouting reinforcement with a water-solid ratio of 3:1 was adopted to meet the needs of filling-body strength, which reduced operation time and increased economic benefits. The work ensures the safe and efficient mining of the composite roof face with a large inclination angle of Xinji No. 2 Mine and offers a reference for the mining coal seams under similar conditions.
Altitudinal variations of the rate and temperature sensitivity of soil nitrogen mineralization on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hou Xikang , Kou Dan , Hirota Mitsuru , Guo Tong , Lang Tao
Published: February 2023

Changes in soil nitrogen mineralization can impact nutrient availability, and further affect plant growth. It is unclear, however, how temperature elevation in alpine grassland will affect soil net N mineralization rate (Nmin) across altitudes. At six altitudes (3200–4200 m with an interval of 200 m) along a slope in Lenglong mountain in the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we performed an in situ soil incubation experiment by using the resin-core method to assess altitudinal variations of Nmin. Meanwhile, we evaluated the effects of temperature elevation on Nmin and its temperature sensitivity (Q10) through a soil downward transplantation experiment based on three reference baseline altitudes (3800, 4000 and 4200 m). The results showed that high altitudes generally led to low values of Nmin. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that Nmin along the altitude was mainly controlled by soil temperature. Increased temperature caused by the altitude transplantation significantly elevated Nmin for all of the three reference altitudes. The value of Q10 was 3.4 for soil samples transplanted from the reference altitude of 4200 m, which was about twice that of the lower reference altitudes of 4000 and 3800 m.
Nonequilibrium noise as a probe of pair-tunneling transport in the BCS–BEC crossover
Authors: Tajima Hiroyuki , Oue Daigo , Matsuo Mamoru , Kato Takeo
Published: February 2023

The detection of elementary carriers in transport phenomena is one of the most important keys to understand nontrivial properties of strongly correlated quantum matter. Here, we propose a method to identify the tunneling current carrier in strongly interacting fermions from nonequilibrium noise in the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer to Bose–Einstein condensate crossover. The noise-to-current ratio, the Fano factor, can be a crucial probe for the current carrier. Bringing strongly correlated fermions into contact with a dilute reservoir produces a tunneling current in between. The associated Fano factor increases from one to two as the interaction becomes stronger, reflecting the fact that the dominant conduction channel changes from the quasiparticle tunneling to the pair tunneling.
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Orbit: A Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Gupta Lalita , Peterson Eric L. , Williams Cody , Altman Emily , Harpole Ryan , Martin Douglas J. , Escott Edward J. , Timoney Peter J. , Prendes Mark A.
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

To describe the findings of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for a series of orbital lesions and provide a systematic review of relevant literature.

Methods:

A retrospective review of 20 patients with orbital lesions who underwent MRI with DWI at two academic institutions between 2015 and 2020 was performed. Lesion diagnosis was histopathologically confirmed except a presumed cavernous hemangioma. Echoplanar diffusion-weighted images had been acquired using 2 or 3 b values (b=0 and 1000 or b=0, 500, and 1000) at 1.5T or 3T. Lesions with significant artifacts were excluded. DWI sequences were analyzed by neuro-radiologists blinded to the diagnosis. Mean ADC values of lesions were calculated from a single region of interest. An independent two-tailed t test was used to compare categories of lesions with p < 0.05 considered significant. A systematic review of the literature was performed.

Results:

Our study included 21 lesions. ADC values were significantly lower for malignant lesions (0.628 ± 0.125 × 10−3 mm2/s) than inflammatory lesions (1.167 ± 0.381 × 10−3 mm2/s) (p < 0.001). ADC values were significantly lower for orbital lymphoma (mean 0.621 ± 0.147 × 10−3 mm2/s) than idiopathic orbital inflammation (mean 1.188 ± 0.269 × 10−3 mm2/s) with no overlap (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Orbital malignancies demonstrated lower ADC values, while inflammatory processes demonstrated higher ADC values, except IgG4-related disease. DWI and ADC values differentiated idiopathic orbital inflammation from orbital lymphoma. This study highlights the role of DWI in evaluating orbital pathology.
Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography metabolic parameters in predicting sarcopenia and prognosis of treatment-naive patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Dongjiang , Tan Xiaoyue , Yuan Hui , Yao Xinchao , Sun Xiaolin , He Li , Jiang Lei
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Sarcopenia tremendously impacts the quality of life but remains debatable in prognostication in treatment-naive patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hence, this study aimed to find a clinically feasible approach using 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging parameters and clinical characteristics to predict sarcopenia and determine independent prognostic factors.

Methods

Clinical characteristics and 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters, including maximum standard uptake value, metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis of primary tumor (SUVmax_P, MTV_P, and TLG_P) and combination of whole-body lesions (MTV_C and TLG_C) were collected in 344 treatment-naive patients with NSCLC. Skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra was calculated to determine sarcopenia. SUVmax of the psoas major muscle (SUVmax_M) was measured at the third lumbar vertebra as well. The diagnostic endpoint is the probability of sarcopenia, and the survival endpoints include progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Among 344 patients with NSCLC there were 271 patients with adenocarcinoma and 73 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). One hundred forty-seven patients (42.7%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Higher age, male, lower BMI, SCC, and lower SUVmax_M were correlated with a higher incidence of sarcopenia (P < 0.05), while age, sex and SUVmax_M were independently predictive of sarcopenia. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis revealed that BMI, advanced stage and TLG_C were independent predictors of PFS and OS, while sex was independently predictive of OS.

Conclusions

The incidence of sarcopenia increased with declining SUVmax of muscle. BMI, tumor stage, and TLG_C, but not sarcopenia, were found independently predictive of both PFS and OS.
The reporting of somatic sensory training interventions in individuals following a stroke is suboptimal: A systematic review and meta – research study
Authors: Feller Daniel , Pedri Caterina , Gozzer Paolo , Innocenti Tiziano , Trentin Francesca
Published: February 2023

Objective

The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the adherence to the “Template for intervention description and replication” (TIDieR) checklist among all published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of sensory retraining strategies (SRS) for patients with a history of stroke.

Methods

We investigated Medline, CENTRAL, and PEDro, without time restrictions, until 1st September 2021. Also, we searched for additional studies using the included studies' reference list.

We included only RCTs of adults with a history of stroke who aimed to improve sensation, via any type of intervention.

We used the TIDieR to assess the completeness of reporting on each intervention.

Results

We included 61 trials. None of the included studies declared to have used the TIDieR checklist to report interventions.

Overall, the median percentage of adherence to the twelve items of the TIDieR was 33% (IQR 25% - 50%). Only five of the single items were adequately described in more than 50% of the studies.

None of the RCTs reported the entirety of the core intervention components, as described in items three to nine.

Conclusions

This systematic review demonstrates that interventions in SRS trials are described below desirable standards. Without this information, clinicians and researchers cannot reliably replicate interventions.