bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achieving Pressure Consistency in Mechanochemical Simulations of Chemical Reactions Under Pressure
Authors: Bentrup Jonas , Weiß Rahel , Zeller Felix , Neudecker Tim
Published: September 2024

The eXtended Hydrostatic Compression Force Field (X-HCFF) is a mechanochemical approach in which a cavity is used to exert hydrostatic pressure on a target system. The cavity used in this method is set up to represent the van-der-Waals (VDW) surface of the system by joining spheres sized according to the respective atomic VDW radii. The size of this surface can be varied via a scaling factor, and it can be shown that the compression forces exerted in X-HCFF in its current implementation depend on this factor. To address this dependency, we have developed a rescaling formalism for the applied forces, allowing us to drastically reduce the dependency of the compression forces on the chosen scaling factor. Independency from the scaling factor is important as the scaling of the VDW spheres is often used to ensure an overlap of cavities in supramolecular complexes, which is necessary for the simulation of chemical reactions. Our rescaling formalism reduces the empiricism of the X-HCFF approach and boosts its applicability in the field of computational high-pressure chemistry.
SynTemp: Efficient Extraction of Graph-Based Reaction Rules from Large-Scale Reaction Databases
Authors: Phan Tieu-Long , Weinbauer Klaus , Gonzalez Laffitte Marcos E. , Pan Yingjie , Merkle Daniel , Andersen Jakob L. , Fagerberg Rolf , Flamm Christoph , Stadler Peter F.
Published: September 2024

SynTemp is a framework designed to extract and hierarchically cluster reaction templates from large-scale reaction data repositories. Reaction templates are partial Imaginary Transition State graphs representing the reaction center as well as surrounding context. These graphs are equivalent to Double Pushout graph rewriting rules and thus can be applied directly to predict reaction outcomes at structural formula level. Rule inference is based on a consensus of multiple atom-atom mapping (AAM) tools integrating predictions RXNMapper, GraphormerMapper, and LocalMapper based on a robust graph-theoretic methodology for comparing partial atom-atom mappings. SynTemp achieves an exceptional accuracy of 99.5% and a success rate of 71.23% in obtaining AAMs on the Chemical Reaction Dataset. Reaction centers with surrounding contexts are extracted and completed with mechanistically relevant hydrogen atoms to obtain complete reaction templates. Subsequently, they were categorized into distinct groups based on topological features using hierarchical clustering, resulting in a library of 311 transformation rules that explains 86% of the reaction data set. A residual of 14% remained unresolved due to non-equivalent AAMs and ambiguous hydrogen placements. Despite these challenges, the coverage of our templates remains high at approximately 93.5-94.5%, surpassing that of RDChiral using SMARTS templates.
Metabolic resistance of Aβ3pE-42, a target epitope of the anti-Alzheimer therapeutic antibody, donanemab
Authors: Iwata Nobuhisa , Tsubuki Satoshi , Sekiguchi Misaki , Watanabe-Iwata Kaori , Matsuba Yukio , Kamano Naoko , Fujioka Ryo , Takamura Risa , Watamura Naoto , Kakiya Naomasa , Mihira Naomi , Morito Takahiro , Shirotani Keiro , Mann David MA , Robinson Andrew C , Hashimoto Shoko , Sasaguri Hiroki , Saito Takashi , Higuchi Makoto , Saido Takaomi C
Published: September 2024

The amyloid β peptide (Aβ), starting with pyroglutamate (pE) at position 3 and ending at position 42 (Aβ3pE-42), predominantly accumulates in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease. Consistently, donanemab, a therapeutic antibody raised against Aβ3pE-42, has been shown to be effective in recent clinical trials. Although the primary Aβ produced physiologically is Aβ1-40/42, an explanation for how and why this physiological Aβ is converted to the pathological form remains elusive. Here, we present experimental evidence that accounts for the aging-associated Aβ3pE-42 deposition: Aβ3pE-42 was metabolically more stable than other Aβx-42 variants; deficiency of neprilysin, the major Aβ-degrading enzyme, induced a relatively selective deposition of Aβ3pE-42 in both APP transgenic andAppknock-in mouse brains; Aβ3pE-42 deposition always colocalized with Pittsburgh compound B–positive cored plaques in APP transgenic mouse brains; and under aberrant conditions, such as a significant reduction in neprilysin activity, aminopeptidases, dipeptidyl peptidases, and glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like were up-regulated in the progression of aging, and a proportion of Aβ1-42 may be processed to Aβ3pE-42. Our findings suggest that anti-Aβ therapies are more effective if given before Aβ3pE-42 deposition.
Homogeneous approximations of nonlinear control systems with output and weak algebraic equivalence
Authors: Andreieva Daria , Ignatovich Svetlana
Published: September 2024

In the paper, we consider nonlinear control systems that are linear with respect to controls with output; vector fields defining the system and the output are supposed to be real analytic. Following the algebraic approach, we consider series $S$ of iterated integrals corresponding to such systems. Iterated integrals form a free associative algebra, and all our constructions use its properties. First, we consider the set of all (formal) functions of such series $f(S)$ and define the set $N_S$ of terms of minimal order for all such functions. We introduce the definition of the maximal graded Lie generated left ideal ${\mathcal J}_S^{\rm max}$ which is orthogonal to the set $N_S$. We describe the relation between this maximal left ideal and the left ideal ${\mathcal J}_S$ generated by the core Lie subalgebra of the system which realizes the series. Namely, we show that ${\mathcal J}_S\subset {\mathcal J}_S^{\rm max}$. In particular, this implies that the graded Lie subalgebra that generates the left ideal ${\mathcal J}_S^{\rm max}$ has a finite codimension. Also, we give the algorithm which reduces the series $S$ to the triangular form and propose the definition of the homogeneous approximation for the series $S$. Namely, homogeneous approximation is a homogeneous series with components that are terms of minimal order in each component of this triangular form. We prove that the set $N_S$ coincides with the set of all shuffle polynomials of components of a homogeneous approximation. Unlike the case when the output is identical, the homogeneous approximation is not completely defined by the ideal ${\mathcal J}_S^{\rm max}$. In order to describe this property, we introduce two different concepts of equivalence of series: algebraic equivalence (when two series have the same homogeneous approximation) and weak algebraic equivalence (when two series have the same maximal left ideal and therefore have the same minimal realizing system). We prove that if two series are algebraically equivalent, then they are weakly algebraically equivalent. The examples show that in general the converse is not true.
Nutrition learning gaps in the undergraduate curricula of Nursing and Medicine degree and diploma programs in Tanzania Mainland
Authors: Lyimo Elizabeth , Mwiru Ramadhani , Shine Julieth , Twinomujuni Abela , Msangi Maria , Abdallah Fatma , Codjia Patrick , Bedi Raman , Mloka Doreen , Leyna Germana H , Masumo Ray Mrisho
Published: September 2024

BackgroundNutrition has been widely ignored in the curricula of many health professional training programs in Sub-Saharan African countries. The present review was conducted to explore the adequacy of medical and nursing curricula in training graduates to treat, educate effectively, and counsel patients/clients with nutritional disorders in Tanzania.MethodsAn assessment of accredited medical and paramedical curricula in mainland Tanzania. The assessment followed Stufflebeam's CIPP model (context, input, process, and product) to enhance methodological rigour and transparency.ResultsOf the twelve curricula studied, only one had a dedicated course for nutrition. In the undergraduate medicine degree curriculum, only 119 out of 6580 hours over five years were allocated for nutrition training, which is merely 1.7% of the total curriculum hours. Similarly, in the undergraduate nursing degree curriculum only 370 hours out of 5280 over four years were allocated for nutrition training, which is equivalent to 0.07% of the total hours. In the paramedical diploma programs of clinical medicine and nursing, nutrition content was scattered among various courses within the curriculum. Most curricula were teacher-centred with limited use of validated methods to assess trainee on skills such as Observed Structured Practical/ Clinical Examination.ConclusionsBased on this assessment of accredited curricula, nutrition receives scant attention in medical and paramedical education in mainland Tanzania. Thus, it is imperative to support integrating stronger nutrition content into medical and paramedical schools focusing on skills and attitudes to enhance the efficient implementation of the nation’s nutrition policies and strategies.
Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Primary School Children in Hyderabad, South India
Authors: Pathan Habib G. , Akunuri Shalini , Tayyab Shabahat , Sultana Zafar
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood, and its incidence has increased in recent years. However, the frequency of ADHD varies significantly across different countries and regions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD among primary school children in Hyderabad, India, as well as to raise awareness about ADHD among teachers.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 700 school-aged children between 5 and 12 years old, selected according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The teachers' version of the Vanderbilt Assessment Scale, a rating scale grounded in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic criteria, was employed to diagnose ADHD. Results: The prevalence of ADHD in this study was 9.57% (67 out of 700), with a mean age of 8.9 years. ADHD was more prevalent in boys than in girls, with a sex ratio of 3:1. The combined type of ADHD was the most common (52.3%), followed by the attention deficit type (29.8%) and the hyperactive-impulsive type (17.9%). Conclusion: The prevalence of ADHD among schoolchildren in middle-income countries, such as India, is sufficiently high to impose a significant societal burden. Therefore, it is imperative that all elementary school teachers receive training on how to screen for indicators of ADHD.
Sustainable Action and Transformation of Change in Teachers Learning Leadership Model: Promoting Students Independent Learning
Authors: Susanto Ratnawati , Rachbini Widarto
Published: September 2024

Teachers’ learning leadership is one of important facets to students’ quality of independent learning. This should be well constructed by sustainable action and transformational of change. The aims of this research are: 1) to measure how valid and reliable both sustainable action and transformation of change are in the construction of learning leadership model and 2) how learning leadership correlates to independent learning. This is a case study which applies quantitative descriptive method. The data were collected by using a 5--Likert scale questionnaire comprises the indicators of sustainable action, transformation of change and independent learning. This questionnaire was distributed to 59 Elementary teachers of three areas in West Jakarta, Indonesia. The data were analyzed by using SEM PLS and statistical analysis of regression. The findings revealed that both sustainable action and transformational of change were valid and reliable in the construction of learning leadership model. Besides, the analysis of regression showed that learning leadership was significantly correlated to independent learning.
Implementation of Wide Angle FoV Radar Module for ADAS Systems
Authors: Park Jae-Shin , Kim Jeong-Pyo , Yang Doo-Yeong
Published: September 2024

In this study, we propose the wide field of view (FoV) radar module for autonomous vehicles. The proposed wide FoV radar (WFR) module was constructed using of an RF module comprising wide beamwidth microstrip patch antennas, an AWR1642 radar sensor chip, and a control module. To achieve a wide FoV of 150° using the fabricated radar module, the 3-dB beamwidth characteristic of the applied microstrip patch antenna had to wider than 150°. The patch antenna was designed using a comb-line structure along 10-by-1 array structure, each radiator characterized by a shorted patch structure, such as a planar inverted-F antenna. The designed antenna was then fabricated on the same board surface as the sensor chip. To identify the characteristics of the implemented radar module, a trihedral corner reflector with a radar-cross-section of 180 m2 was used as the reflector target, and the CA-CFAR (cell averaging constant false alarm rate) target detection algorithm was applied. The measurement results, showed good detection performance of the radar in the view angle of 150°, from -75° to +75°, and a broad bandwidth of 4 GHz in the 77–81 GHz millimeter band. Therefore, the proposed WFR is applicable for used in blind spot detection sensors in autonomous vehicles.
Design of Power Dividers for Finite Dipole Subarrays with Complex Impedances
Authors: Kim Seongjung , Nam Sangwook
Published: September 2024

In this study, we propose a method for designing a feeding network for all port-matched and high gain dipole subarray antennas excited by uniform current mode (UCM) by considering the mutual coupling effect. By analyzing the array impedance matrix, we first calculated the active input impedance and the required excitation power. Following this, we transformed and combined the complex impedances using the proposed power divider, thus preserving the required excitation power. The design process and results of this study are demonstrated stepwise through circuit simulation. Subsequently, we fabricated and evaluated the proposed subarrays. The impedance matching performance of the UCM was found to be better than that of the conventional subarray, with their array gains being 11.5 dBi and 9.8 dBi, respectively.
Eficiencia en Fijación Biológica de Nitrógeno de Genotipos de Frijol Cultivado y Silvestre
Authors: Lépiz Ildefonso Rogelio , López-Alcocer José de Jesús , González-Eguiarte Diego Raymundo , Rodríguez-Macías Ramón , López-Alcocer Eduardo
Published: September 2024

La fijación biológica de nitrógeno (FBN) es un proceso natural que puede suministrar hasta el 90% del nitrógeno necesario para algunas leguminosas, por lo que representa una opción sustentable para reducir los efectos adversos de fertilizantes químicos en la agricultura. Para evaluar la eficiencia en FBN de cinco cultivares de frijol de hábito arbustivo, cinco de hábito enredador y 10 poblaciones de frijol silvestre, se inocularon plántulas con un compuesto de tres cepas de Rhizobium spp. Se usó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cinco repeticiones y se registraron ocho variables cuantitativas. Se hicieron análisis de varianza, se obtuvieron índices de eficiencia en nodulación y fijación de nitrógeno y se realizaron análisis de componentes principales (CP). Los análisis de varianza y los índices de eficiencia en nodulación y fijación mostraron diferencias entre genotipos. Las variedades Peruano 16, Cuarenteño y Pinto Saltillo de hábito arbustivo fueron eficientes en nodulación y en fijación de nitrógeno. Las poblaciones silvestres ROL 633 y ROL 486, fueron eficientes en nodulación y de baja eficiencia en fijación. Los contrastes ortogonales de las variables número y peso seco de nódulos, nitrógeno total y contenido de clorofila y los índices de eficiencia en nodulación y fijación de nitrógeno ambos por grupos de genotipos, permiten afirmar que las variedades de frijol arbustivo mostraron un comportamiento sobresaliente, superando de manera general a las variedades cultivadas de hábito trepador y a los genotipos silvestres. El CP1 separó a los genotipos por longitud de vástago y raíz y el CP2 por número y peso seco de nódulos. Los resultados confirman variabilidad entre genotipos de frijol en FBN, la existencia de cultivares de hábito arbustivo eficientes en nodulación y fijación y que existe potencial para selección de genotipos de frijol eficientes en FBN.
Rendimiento y Desarrollo de Citrullus lanatus Thunb., con Acolchado Plástico y Vermicompost como Fuente Nutritiva
Authors: Moreno-Reséndez Alejandro , Reyes-Carrillo José Luis , López-Salazar Rubén , Espinoza-Banda Armando , Márquez-Guerrero Selenne Yuridia
Published: September 2024

En diferentes ensayos se ha evidenciado que el empleo, tanto del vermicompost (VC) como del acolchado plástico ha favorecido el rendimiento y la productividad de una gran cantidad de cultivos. El propósito del estudio fue equiparar la fertilización sintética vs la incorporación del VC sobre el desarrollo de la sandía triploide con acolchado plástico en el ciclo agrícola primavera-verano 2019, en el campo experimental de la Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Los tratamientos evaluados, cada uno con tres repeticiones, fueron: aplicación exploratoria de VC, a razón de 30 y 60 Mg ha-1, y como testigo, la recomendación regional 240-120-00 ha-1 (N-P-K). La siembra de semillas de sandía triploide, variedad Crunchy Red, se realizó en bandejas de unicel de 200 cavidades, rellenas con Peat Moss, cuando las plántulas tuvieron de dos a tres hojas verdaderas se realizó el trasplante, colocándolas a 1.0 m, entre éstas, sobre camas de siembra, de 2 × 8 m (ancho y largo, respectivamente) cubiertas con plástico negro. Para el suministro de agua se utilizó riego por cintilla. Para evaluar el efecto de los tratamientos se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar, mientras que para las comparaciones de las medias se aplicó la prueba DMS0.05. Debido al efecto de los tratamientos evaluados cinco de las variables estudiadas: diámetros polar y ecuatorial, espesor de pulpa, sólidos solubles y peso del fruto registraron diferencias altamente significativas, mientras que el rendimiento presentó diferencia significativa. El mayor rendimiento de 29 932 Mg ha-1 se registró con la aplicación de 60 Mg ha-1 de VC, confirmándose que este producto logró cubrir la demanda nutritiva de la sandía triploide sin fertilización sintética.
Rendimiento, calidad de nuez y alternancia en nogal pecanero, como respuesta a la aplicación edáfica de quelatos de zinc
Authors: Olivas-Tarango Ana Luisa , Ojeda-Barrios Dámaris Leopoldina , Tarango-Rivero Socorro Héctor
Published: September 2024

Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch., es un frutal con alto valor económico, sin embargo, un cultivo muy sensible a la deficiencia de zinc (Zn). Una alternativa es la aplicación edáfica de este micronutriente. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la respuesta de variables fisiológicas, componentes de rendimiento y el índice de alternancia a la aplicación edáfica de quelato de Zn (g arbol-1 de Carboxy Zn) en nogal pecanero “Western Schley”. Durante tres años en Chihuahua, México, se evaluaron cinco dosis edáficas de quelato Zn (Carboxy mg L-1) (70, 140, 280, 420, y 560), donde T0 corresponde al testigo (sin aplicación). El diseño experimental fue parcelas dividas con 5 repeticiones. Los parámetros evaluados fueron diámetro de tronco, longitud de brote fructífero, área del foliolo terminal (AFE, área foliar específica), concentración foliar de zinc, componentes de rendimiento (rendimiento, tamaño de nuez y porcentaje de almendra) y el índice de alternancia. La aplicación edáfica de 420 (g de Carboxy Zn) incrementaron parámetros fisiológicos como diámetro de tronco, longitud de brote, área del folíolo y concentración foliar de Zn, así como también los componentes de rendimiento (kilogramos árbol-1, peso de la nuez y porcentaje de la almendra) e menor índice de alternancia. La aplicación edáfica de Carboxy Zn podría ser una alternativa al suministro de Zn en el manejo agronómico de huertos comerciales de nogal pecanero en suelos alcalinos y calcáreos, una especie nativa y con alta redituabiliadad económica para México.
El Papel Vital del Suelo en la Preservación de la Vida Terrestre. Una Breve Mirada Hacia México
Authors: LOPEZ SANTOS ARMANDO
Published: September 2024

En décadas recientes, se han identificado diversas funciones del suelo integradas en cuatro servicios ecosistémicos: provisión, regulación, soporte y cultural. Países como México no deben ser la excepción en impulsar y promover este reconocimiento. Los objetivos del presente documento son los siguientes: 1) evaluar la situación actual de los recursos edáficos como un asunto de seguridad mundial, fundamentado en los servicios ecosistémicos que proporciona; 2) describir la importancia de la construcción de conocimientos sobre el suelo en relación con la condición humana; y 3) situar la relevancia del suelo como un tema central en la gestión de conocimientos para la resolución de problemas. El presente documento integra información proveniente de fuentes especializadas en el desarrollo de conocimientos en el campo de la Edafología y áreas afines, con el propósito de respaldar ideas clave hacia la valoración hedónica del suelo. La naturaleza holística del suelo, por sí sola, no solo define su importancia y valor en la estabilidad y preservación de la vida terrestre, sino que también justifica la adopción de un enfoque transdisciplinar con la participación, por ejemplo, de biólogos, geólogos, antropólogos, químicos y economistas, entre otros.
Efecto Diferenciado del Silicio en la Interacción con NaCl en la Emergencia de Tres Variedades de (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Enríquez-Acosta Emmanuel Alexander , Carballo-Méndez Fernando de Jesús , Ruiz-Espinoza Francisco Higinio , Beltrán-Morales Félix Alfredo , Camacho-Aguiñiga Dania Gisel , Calvopiña-León César Enrique
Published: September 2024

El estrés por salinidad es uno de los problemas ambientales con mayor impacto en la agricultura, ya que provoca cambios morfológicos, fisiológicos y genéticos en las plantas. Considerando el gran impacto de la salinidad, se buscan alternativas para mitigar el estrés en las plantas, en especial por cloruro de sodio (NaCl). Los productos a base de silicio (Si) tienen la capacidad de mejorar el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas, al estar expuestas en condiciones salinas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la interacción NaCl-Si en la emergencia de plántulas de tres variedades de tomate. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con arreglo factorial de 32, donde el factor A fueron las concentraciones de cloruro de sodio (0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM) y el factor B, las diluciones de Si (0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM). Los resultados indican que las variedades de tomate fueron impactadas de diferente manera por la interacción NaCl-Si. En condiciones no salinas (0 mM de NaCl) el Si incrementó el crecimiento de tomate cherry y saladette, mientras que en condiciones de salinidad moderada (25 mM de NaCl) sólo el tomate saladette fue beneficiado.
Enhanced Tomato Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Through Oxidative Stress Using Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Méndez-Andrade Rolando , Ruiz-Torres Norma A. , Wang Yi , García-Cerdac Luis A. , Vera Reyes Ileana
Published: September 2024

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were successfully biosynthesized from Larrea tridentata leaf extract. X-ray Dif fraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed that AgNP are crystalline and hemispherical, with sizes between 4 and 26 nm. In addition, the ef fect of nanoparticles on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seed germination and seedling growth was examined. Seeds were pre-soaked with dif ferent concentrations of AgNP (0, 4.03, 6.72, 18.66, 51.84, and 86.4 mg L-1). Up to 90% seed germination was achieved at a concentration of at least 4.03 mg L-1, while the control reached below 60%. The highest vigor was obtained at a concentration of 51.84 mg L-1, 2.67 times higher than the vigor of untreated seeds. The synthesized nanoparticles induced activation of tomato seedlings’ defense system against reactive oxidative species, increasing CAT and APX enzyme activities and seedling’s growth. Plumule and radicle length rose 1.49 and 1.98-fold compared to the control. The seedlings were susceptible at 86.4 mg L-1 of AgNP, which af fected all growth parameters and induced oxidative stress response through increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation and proline content. These provide further insight into the ef fects of biogenic silver nanoparticles on plants during their initial stages of development, demonstrating that these nanoparticles can promote early germination.
VINTAGE FASHION TIME: ISSUES OF TEMPORALITY AND MEMORY
Authors:   HSE Univercity, Razmakhnina Anastasia A.
Published: September 2024

The concept of “fashion” implies constant renewal and a clear rhythm of changing trends, therefore, before starting to study vintage clothing in the context of fashion, one should first prove the involvement of vintage in fashion discourse. This paper attempts to incorporate vintage into fashion discourse through the introduction of the concepts of non-linear and uchronial time. This becomes possible through the theories developed by Walter Benjamin, Michel Serres, Jean Baudrillard and other researchers. The paper consists of three parts. The first is devoted to the issues of time contained in clothing. These may be frozen forms of the past, suddenly appearing in the present due to some kind of curvature of time. Or they could be vintage objects that contain memory and time in the form of tangible or intangible traces. The second part is devoted to issues of reconstruction of the past. The image of the past is formed in the present, which is why historical reconstructions of different years differ so much. The availability of historical sources plays a big role in this.The third part is devoted to wardrobe practices of vintage lovers and the analysis of these techniques based on the above theories of nonlinear and uchronial time.
CHILDREN'S PLAY SPACE IN THE STRUCTURE OF A MODERN MUSEUM
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Academy or Art and Design named after A.L. Stieglitz, Belova Marina V. , Barsukova Natalia I. ,   Saint Petersburg State Academy or Art and Design named after A.L. Stieglitz
Published: September 2024

The article identifies new trends in the design of play spaces in the structure of museums of various profiles, created for spending time and ensuring the cognitive process of children: acquaintance with history, regional characteristics and familiarization with culture. The emphasis in the study is on playgrounds aimed at developing children's sensory play activities, tactile sensations and skills. Play objects and areas for children designed in museum spaces and during exhibitions are analyzed. The following museum formats of game scenarios have been identified: archaeological, construction, sound, spatial, plot, adventure, solitary. Each of them differs in the types of activities taking place on the sites and the activity of the gameplay.
Hamburger Ekonomisi ve Big Mac Endeksi: Ampirik Bir Analiz
Authors: Coşkun Kemal , Yıldırım Semih
Published: September 2024

Ekonomist dergisi 1986 yılından bu yana satın alma gücü paritesi teorisine dayanan “Big Mac Endeksi” adını verdikleri gayri resmi bir ekonomik gösterge yayımlamaktadır. Satın alma gücü paritesi teorisine göre aynı veya benzer ürünlerin fiyatları, döviz kurları nedeniyle farklı ülke ve bölgelerde aynı olmalıdır. Farklılıklar ise para birimlerinin aşırı veya az değerlendiğini göstermektedir. Big Mac Endeksi’nin özünde ise McDonald’s fast-food restoran zincirinin ürünlerinden biri olan “Big Mac” adı verilen hamburgerin farklı ülkelerdeki fiyatları karşılaştırılarak para birimlerinin değeri belirlenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da aynı doğrultuda söz konusu ürünün farklı ülkelerdeki fiyatları ampirik olarak karşılaştırılarak ülkelerin ekonomik durumları, finansal gelişimleri ve genel piyasa hareketleri hakkında fikir sahibi olunması ve konu hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak isteyen araştırmacılara katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada “Kırılgan Beşli” olarak adlandırılan Brezilya, Endonezya, Hindistan, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye, Ocak 2015 – Ocak 2024 dönemleri (19 dönem) için incelenmiş ve elde edilen bulgulara göre endeks söz konusu ülkelerde yabancı para birimlerini ağırlıklı olarak düşük değerlemiştir. Bir diğer ifade ile söz konusu ülkelerde yabancı para birimlerinin ağırlıklı olarak aşırı değerlendiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Kurumsal İtibar: Endonezya'da Bir Havayolu Kurumu Üzerine Araştırma
Authors: Indrıanı Silvianty Julia , Erendag Sumer Fulya
Published: September 2024

Kurumsal itibar özellikle havacılık sektöründe yolcu güvenliğinin ölçütlerinden biri olması nedeniyle kritik öneme sahiptir ve paydaş tercihlerinin de nedenidir. Bu çalışmada da kurumsal itibar kavramı havacılık sektöründe ele alınmış, Endonezya’daki bir havayolu kurumunun iç ve dış paydaşlarının değerlendirmeleri ile kurumsal itibar incelenmiştir. Nicel bir alan araştırması tasarlanarak 300 iç paydaş, 320 dış paydaş uygunluk örneklemi ile araştırmaya dâhil edilmiş ve elde edilen veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda; iç ve dış paydaşların havayolu kurumunun kurumsal itibarı için kolektif bir itibar algısına sahip olduğu ve her iki paydaş grubunun da kurumsal itibarı olumlu algıladığı görülmektedir.
Guidance on the scientific requirements for an application for authorisation of a novel food in the context of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
Authors:   EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA), Turck Dominique , Bohn Torsten , Castenmiller Jacqueline , de Henauw Stefaan , Hirsch‐Ernst Karen Ildico , Maciuk Alexandre , Mangelsdorf Inge , McArdle Harry J. , Naska Androniki , Pentieva Kristina , Siani Alfonso , Thies Frank , Tsabouri Sophia , Vinceti Marco , Aguilera Gómez Margarita , Cubadda Francesco , Frenzel Thomas , Heinonen Marina , Neuhäuser‐Berthold Monika , Peláez Carmen , Poulsen Morten , Prieto Maradona Miguel , Schlatter Josef Rudolf , Siskos Alexandros , van Loveren Henk , Ackerl Reinhard , Albert Océane , Azzollini Domenico , Fernández Dumont Antonio , Gelbmann Wolfgang , Germini Andrea , Glymenaki Maria , Kass Georges E. N. , Kouloura Eirini , Laganaro Marcello , Matijevic Leonard , Mendes Vânia , Noriega Fernández Estefanía , Nuin Garciarena Irene , Precup Gabriela , Roldán Torres Ruth , Rossi Annamaria , Turla Emanuela , Valtueña Martinez Silvia , Ververis Ermolaos , Knutsen Helle Katrine
Published: September 2024

Abstract The European Commission requested EFSA to update the scientific guidance for the preparation of applications for authorisation of novel foods, previously developed following the adoption of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 on novel foods. This guidance document provides advice on the scientific information needed to be submitted by the applicant towards demonstrating the safety of the novel food. Requirements pertain to the description of the novel food, production process, compositional data, specifications, proposed uses and use levels and anticipated intake of the novel food. Furthermore, information needed in sections on the history of use of the novel food and/or its source, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicological information, nutritional information and allergenicity is also described. The applicant should integrate and interpret the data presented in the different sections to provide their overall considerations on how the information supports the safety of the novel food under the proposed conditions of use. Where potential health hazards have been identified, they are to be discussed in relation to the anticipated intake of the novel food and the proposed target populations. On the basis of the information provided, EFSA will assess the safety of the novel food under the proposed conditions of use.
Academic Ethics of Islamic Higher Education Institutions in the Digital Era
Authors: Sundowo Edi , Asari Hasan , Anas Maulidah Hasnah , Lestari Ade , Lubis Sopian
Published: September 2024

This article is the result of field research conducted at Islamic higher education institutions with the aim of obtaining valid and credible information about academic ethics amid the advancements in technology and information. The digital era has transformed the conditions of the inhabitants of the earth, serving as a blessing from the advancement of information technology. The face of education and scientific activities has also been influenced by this era, with the advent of digitalization as an enhancement to previous technologies. Misuse of digital media can erode ethical values both in social life and academic activities. Cheating and scientific dishonesty have become serious issues in higher education, particularly related to research and other scientific activities. The method used is descriptive qualitative, involving observations, interviews, and document reviews. The findings indicate that Islamic higher education institutions have established academic ethics based on laws, government regulations, and mutual agreements. Furthermore, there is a lack of research conducted by educators or lecturers as well as students, along with other academic activities. In the educational institutions where the observations were made, no serious academic violations such as plagiarism were found. The digital era still leaves a significant challenge, particularly in scientific activities, in reinforcing academic ethics.
Mutagen Ethyl Methane Sulphonate Menginduksi Keragaman Genetik Kedelai (Glycine max (L.)Merr.) Kultivar Gepak Kuning Pada Generasi M2
Authors: Nilahayati Nilahayati , Siregar Nadya Karisda , Harianja Ayu Anggraini
Published: September 2024

Kedelai merupakan salah satu tanaman dalam famili Leguminoceae yang sangat berperan penting sebagai sumber protein nabati bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Peningkatan produksi kedelai nasional dapat dilakukan dengan program pemuliaan tanaman, khususnya pemuliaan mutasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keragaman genetik kedelai gepak kuning sebagai respon terhadap perlakuan mutagen EMS (etil metana sulfonat) pada generasi M2. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Gle Madat, Aceh Utara serta Laboratorium Agroekoteknologi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-April 2023. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok non faktorial. Faktor yang diuji adalah populasi kedelai Gepak kuning yang terdiri dari empat taraf yaitu populasi kontrol (0% EMS, E0, 0,05% populasi EMS (El), 0,075% populasi EMS (E2), dan 0,3% populasi EMS (El). E3 ). Karakteristik  agronomi yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang produktif, umur saat berbunga, umur saat panen, jumlah polong per tanaman, bobot 100 biji, bobot biji kering per tanaman, bobot biji kering per plot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan mutagen EMS menyebabkan perubahan morfologi dan agronomi kedelai Gepak kuning pada generasi M2. Perubahan morfologi yang terjadi diantaranya perubahan warna daun dan perubahan bentuk daun. Perubahan agronomi yang terjadi diantaranya tinggi tanaman umur 2 dan 4 MST, jumlah cabang, jumlah polong/tanaman, bobot biji per tanaman, bobot 100 biji dan bobot biji kering per plot.
HYPERTENSION IN THE ELDERLY: CHALLENGES IN MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT
Authors: Dhiman Sanjay , Chourasia Anurag
Published: September 2024

Hypertension is a prevalent and significant health issue among the elderly, contributing to increased risks of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and kidney failure. Managing hypertension in older adults poses unique challenges due to age-related physiological changes, comorbidities, and polypharmacy. This review explores the complex pathophysiology of hypertension in the elderly, including age-related changes in vascular function and the impact of comorbid conditions. It examines the difficulties in diagnosing hypertension, such as variability in blood pressure readings, white coat syndrome, and masked hypertension, highlighting the need for accurate monitoring through home and ambulatory techniques. The review discusses current management strategies, emphasizing the importance of setting appropriate treatment goals, implementing lifestyle modifications, and utilizing pharmacological treatments, including new antihypertensive drugs and combination therapies. It also addresses challenges such as adverse drug reactions, medication adherence, and the management of polypharmacy. Recent advances, including innovations in drug delivery systems and digital health technologies, offer promising solutions for improving hypertension management. Future research directions include exploring precision medicine, understanding the role of the gut microbiome, and addressing health disparities. Clinicians are advised to adopt personalized treatment approaches, integrate technological tools, and address socioeconomic barriers to optimize hypertension management in the elderly. This review underscores the need for ongoing research and tailored strategies to improve outcomes and quality of life for older patients with hypertension.
SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF Eu3+doped Sr2P2O7 PHOSPHORS
Authors: Rao Atchyutha , N. Bujji Babu , Murthy K.V.R.
Published: September 2024

In the present paper, it has been reported that the synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Eu3+doped Sr2P2O7 pyrophosphate phosphors were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. The rare-earth ion-doped phosphors are significant while considering their stability and solubility. The assimilation of RE3+ activators into single-centered hosts up to complete changeover of entire cations offers the probability to obtain the pretended self-stimulated crystals. The luminescence investigations of a series of such complexes make available much-appreciated statistics in the optical applications. It increases in the activator concentration makes the luminescence materials brighter. Investigations on powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), SEM, PL and FTIR have been carried out. And also, the luminescence properties such as excitation and emission spectra are determined.
ओशो का हिंदी साहित्य में योगदान- एक अवलोकन
Authors: Tiwari Shashank
Published: September 2024

ओशो, जिनको रजनीश के नाम से भी जाना जाता है, ने अपने दार्शनिक और आध्यात्मिक लेखन के माध्यम से हिंदी साहित्य में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया। यह समीक्षा पत्र उनके साहित्यिक कार्य की गहराई की खोज करता है, यह देखते हुए कि उन्होंने कैसे पूर्वी आध्यात्मिक परंपराओं को आधुनिक अस्तित्ववादी विचारों के साथ मिलाया और हिंदी भाषा के नवाचारी उपयोग ने जटिल अवधारणाओं को व्यापक दर्शकों के लिए सुलभ बना दिया। ओशो की सामाजिक मानदंडों के प्रति आलोचनात्मक दृष्टिकोण और आत्म-जागरूकता, ध्यान, और विचार की स्वतंत्रता पर जोर ने पारंपरिक आध्यात्मिक साहित्य को चुनौती दी। उनकी विशिष्ट साहित्यिक शैली, विषयगत विविधता, और हिंदी साहित्य पर उनके स्थायी प्रभाव उनके योगदान के मुख्य पहलू हैं।
ANIMATING MEANING: A SEMIOTIC STUDY OF CULTURAL SIGNIFIERS ON INDIAN CHILDREN’S TELEVISION ANIMATION SERIES
Authors: M Viji
Published: September 2024

The animation industry in India is booming. It's creating an increasing number of animation programs to children. Although the majority of animations are originally made in Hindi, they are later translated into other Indian regional languages. Analyzing the cartoon series' content critically is crucial as ‘Children’ are watching these animation series. This study adopts Roland Barthes' semiotics to analyze the animated children's television series in India. Barthes suggests the death of the author/the creator of the text to witness the birth of the recipient allowing him to interpret, read, and produce a wide range of meanings which are a form of semiotic production that is oriented to observation an analysis of the media's messages and discussions to open the eyes of the semiotic researcher to the complexity of semiotic interpretation and new methods of using signs within the social and cultural context of the media. Applying Barthes' semiotics to television cartoons allows us to examine how meanings are formed, conveyed and understood within the cultural context of animated series. For this study, the researcher selected episodes from the three Indian animated television series Shiva, Rudra: Boom Chik Chik Boom and Selfie with Bajrangi. The Tamil dub versions of these animation series are analyzed here.
Rotaxane Based Molecular Junctions Have Emerged as Promising Components For Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Mohammed Hiba Abbas , Najeeb Hussein N. , Al-Owaedi Oday A.
Published: September 2024

Background: Rotaxane molecule consists of three main parts: wheel, axle, and stoppers. This study was conducted to increase the number of wheels to get the electronic, electrical and thermal properties of Nano molecular junctions based on rotaxane.
Materials and Methods: Calculations were performed to evaluate the transport properties and the geometrically optimization of these molecular junctions using a combination of DFT, SIESTA code, Gollum code  and a non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism. Each molecule was attached to opposing 35-atom (111) directed pyramidal gold electrodes. DFT and GGA were used to compute the ground state energy of various molecular junctions.
Results: The results of the T(E) showed high values, and this is evidence of that constructive interference that is controlled and reinforced by changing the number of wheels in the rotaxane molecules, which affected the HOMO-LUMO gap and thus contributed to raising or lowering the T(E) values. The relationship between G/Go and  thermopower showed that the highest G/Go yields to low thermopower. The decay constant is a fundamental property that influences the transmission of electrons, conductance properties, and threshold voltage in the rotaxane molecules.
Conclusion: Molecular junctions based on Rotaxane showed high values of the T(E), which increase the electrical conductivity, making them promising for electronic applications. The smaller value of threshold voltage is a useful property for different applications. The results of power factor bring to us an important conclusion, which is that the impact of G/G0 is more dominant than that of thermopower in the case of rotaxane molecular junctions.
Relationship between environmental conditions and biennial growth of kelp Saccharina japonica var. ochotensis, northern Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Kawai Tadashi , Tazono Daiki
Published: September 2024

The kelp Saccharina japonica var. ochotensis occurs in the northern Sea of Japan. A monthly diving survey was conducted at two sampling stations, Tsugaru in Rebun Island and Hourai in Wakkanai district in northern Hokkaido, Japan, from March 2013 to November 2014. Oceanographic conditions, water temperature, nitrate, and irradiance were recorded, and several differences were observed between Tsugaru and Hourai. Higher irradiance at Tsugaru during July and August led to enhanced photosynthesis by sporophytes, and the lower temperature in this area led to increased storage of mannitol from April to September, with more sulfated polysaccharide in sporophytes and greater blade thickness compared to kelp specimens at Hourai. Higher water temperatures in Tsugaru during September and February led to larger sporophytes, whereas lower winter water temperatures in Hourai led to smaller sporophytes. Higher water temperatures from September to February and lower nitrate concentrations throughout the year except in April 2013 and March 2014 in Tsugaru were associated with higher sorus formation rates and lower regeneration (transition from annual to biennial sporophytes) rates than at Hourai. Irradiance at Tsugaru was higher than at Hourai from July to August. Lower temperatures and lower radiation result in a lower rate of sorus formation; whereas higher nitrate concentrations give rise to higher rates of regeneration.
Komunikasi singkat: Keberadaan alga hijau koin, di Pesisir Lhok Bubon, Samatiga, Aceh Barat
Authors: Lisdayanti Eka , Ayu Inna Puspa , Asriani Nenni , Yuliati Yuliati , Najmi Nurul , Darmarini Ananingtyas S
Published: September 2024

This study aims to report the diversity of the Halimeda genus on the West Aceh coast. Data was collected in the Lhok Bubon Coastal intertidal area, Samatiga, West Aceh Aceh Province. Macroalgae samples were collected using the cruising method along the beach with a depth of 1-2 m at low tide. The Halimeda genus found four species, namely Halimeda macroloba, Halimeda macrophysa, Halimeda incrassata, and Halimeda simulans. Halimeda macroloba was found to have a whitish-green talus. Halimeda macrophysa samples have irregular talus branches. Description Halimeda incrassata at the study site is light green, and the holdfast is attached to the sandy substrate to form large sediment clumps. Halimeda simulans were found to be linked to sand, which tends to have a finer texture. The results of this report provide information that Lhok Bubon Beach, West Aceh, has macroalgae potential that needs further study.
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and their association with outcomes in working-age patients with arterial hypertension
Authors: Galyavich A. , Khairullin R. , Baleeva L. , Mamedova A. , Sabirzyanova A. , Galeeva Z. , Galimzyanov A.
Published: September 2024

Most epidemiological studies are devoted to studying the prevalence of risk factors (RFs) for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the general population, but this problem has not been sufficiently studied in people of working age. Purpose. To study the prevalence of CVD risk factors and their relationship with outcomes in working-age patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Material and methods. Data from 13,994 working-age patients with hypertension who were observed on an outpatient basis were analyzed. The analysis was carried out according to the following CVD risk factors: gender, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, diabetes mellitus (DM), levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, glucose, glomerular filtration rate, risk on the SCORE scale. The effect of risk factors on unfavorable outcome of the disease was also studied. Results. Patients with AH of working age, who were observed and treated on an outpatient basis, had fairly good control of AH (average values – 135/80 mm Hg). Women had lower systolic BP, total cholesterol levels and BMI were higher than men. Men were more likely to have a history of smoking and T2DM. Among all patients, T2DM was detected in 4.7% of cases, while patients with DM were older in age, had a higher BMI, and were more likely to smoke compared to patients without DM. In patients with T2DM, BP control was better (average value – 130/80 mm Hg), the level of total cholesterol did not differ significantly from patients without DM. During the observation period, 234 (1.7%) patients died (from coronary heart disease – 69.7%, from CVD – 30.3%). The following risk factors for unfavorable outcome were identified: age, male gender, increased systolic BP, smoking, presence of diabetes, increased risk score on the SCORE scale.
On the pathogenesis and treatment of infectious-toxic (endotoxic) shock
Authors: Skvortsov V. , Gorbach A.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of etiology, pathogenesis, classification, basic approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of infectious-toxic shock. Despite progress in studying the pathophysiology of sepsis and the development of new antibacterial drugs, mortality from endotoxic shock remains high. In recent years, antishock vaccines have been actively developed, but they have not yet received widespread use in clinical practice. The introduction of these drugs in the future may contribute to the survival of patients with various pathologies, as well as those in the “shock” risk group (military, emergency services personnel, etc.).