bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uniform Nano/Micron-Sized ZnO Spheres with Controllable Diameter
Authors: Cheng Ji Hang , Xu Shuang , Ding Chang Hong
Published: March 2012

Novel uniform nano/micron-sized ZnO spheres assembled from the aggregation of nano-particles have been synthesized by hydrothermal method. It was observed that ZnO spheres with controllable diameter were obtained when various volume ratios of triethanolamine (TEA) to H2O were used. Increasing the volume ratio of TEA to H2O could result in the formation of loosely packed ZnO spheres. The UV-visible absorption spectra show that the absorption peak red-shifts with the increasing average diameter of the spheres.
Study on Mechanical Properties of the Composite Materials Film by Speckle Projection Method
Authors: Liu Wen Wen , Wang Zhi , Du Yun Hai , Xu Xian Zhong , Liu Da Quan , Shi Li
Published: March 2012

An improved accurate speckle projection method is used for study the mechanical properties of the composite material film in the paper. A system for deformation measurement is developed with the telecentric lenses, in which such conventional lens’ disadvantages such as lens distortion and perspective error will be diminished. Experiments are performed to validate the availability and reliability of the calibration method. The system can also be used to measure the dynamic deformation and then results are also given.
Application of Magnetoelastic Effect of Ferromagnetic Material in Stress Measurement
Authors: Shi Yan Ping , Fan Shu Hua
Published: March 2012

A new non-contact sensor with three magnetic pole based on magnetoelastic effect was designed, and its operation principle and mathematical model of induced voltage output were given. The output characteristic of the sensor affected by field current intensity, frequency, and the gap between the probe of the sensor and the surface of the material tested was analyzed by testing. The calculation result based on the output model found by the paper accord basically with the test result. The results of the test have showed that the measuring precision and sensitivity of the sensor can meet the demands of the general practical application.
Characteristics and Outline of Water-Lubricated Thordon Bearing
Authors: Wang You Qiang , Zhang Li Jing
Published: March 2012

Thordon is a new liner material used widely in water-lubricated bearings in virtue of its shockproof characteristic, high load and wear resistance. The category of materials used in water-lubricated bearings was briefly outlined and tribological characteristics of most of the materials were compared in the paper. The defects of the traditional water-lubricated bearing materials were listed and the advantage of the Thordon bearing was presented. The development status and the tribological characteristics of the water-lubricated Thordon bearings were studied. The application prospects of the water-lubricated Thordon bearings were introduced in the end of the paper.
Synthesis and Photoluminescent Properties of a Zinc (II) Complex with Phenanthroline Derivative
Authors: Guo Lei , Hu Ge , Wei Sheng
Published: March 2012

A light emitting material 2-phenylimidazo [4,5-f]-(1,10)-phenanthroline zinc complex has been synthesized. Its structure, energy band, photoluminescent and thermal properties were charaterized by elemental analysis,1H-NMR, Uv-vis absorption, photoluminescent spectra and thermogravimetric technique．The experimental results showed that the complex had a good thermal stability.UV-vis absorption bands of the complex were located at about 207,276,297nm. Its optical gap was 3.08eV. The maximum emitting wavelength was 490nm, which indicates that this complex is an excellent blue-emitting material.
Natural Chlorophyll-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO2 as Photoanode of a Hybrid Photoelectrochemical Biofuel Cell
Authors: Wang Kun Qi , Tang Juan
Published: March 2012

A photoelectrochemical biofuel cell (PEBFC) generating electrical energy directly from sunlight and biomass was investigated. In this paper, the PEBFC had a natural chlorophyll-sensitized titanium dioxide (TiO2) film photoanode and Pt black cathode. The electron transport process of the PEBFC was described. The performances of the PEBFC were obtained by photocurrent-photovoltage characteristic curves. The open-circuit photovoltage (Voc), the short-circuit photocurrent (Isc) and the maximum power density (Pmax) is 0.53V, 1.000 μAcm-2 and1.1520 μWcm-2 at 0.37 V, respectively. The incident photo-to-current efficiency (IPCE) is 8.4% at 380 nm.
Extraction of L-Theanine Using Chiral Supported Emulsion Liquid Membrane
Authors: Huang Du Shu , Yu Jin Gang , Liu Wei , Huang Zhao Long , Wu Na
Published: March 2012

Supported emulsion liquid membrane using copper(Ⅱ) N-dodecyl-(L)- hydroxyproline as a chiral carrier was used as a novel technique to extract L-theanine. The effects of initial concentration of L-theanine in the feed phase, chiral carrier concentration in the membrane phase and salt concentration in receiving phase on extraction performance were studied and some optimum conditions were achieved.
Study on Predicting Rock Drillability Based on the Method of Gray Theory
Authors: Liu Zhi Di , Tang Xiao Yan
Published: March 2012

The conventional prediction model of rock drillability is based on regression analysis using well logging data. Regression analysis directly uses initial data to establish model, so its precision is not satisfied. By accumulating initial data, gray theory model (GM (0,N)) is able to weaken the random of initial data. Therefore, a practical approach to calculate the rock drillability, which base on GM(0,N) using well logging data, is presented in this paper. Based on the inherent relation of well logging information and rock drillability, a lot of logging parameters are selected closely to rock drillability, and the prediction model of rock drillability are established by GM(0,N). This method is applied to logging data process of Du4 well in SC oil field, the results show that it can improve predicting accuracy of rock drillability, and can easily frame rock drillability profile in some areas.
Growth Conditions of a Thermophilic Geobacillus sp. as an Enhanced Oil Recovery Material
Authors: Kong Xiang Ping
Published: March 2012

The growth conditions of a Geobacillus sp. were investigated by single-factor experiments. The strain was strictly aerobic bacterium, and could grow on hydrocarbons as the sole carbon source. The optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were 3.0% sucrose and 0.20% KNO3, respectively. The range of temperature, salinity and pH for the bacterial growth was 35-70 °C, 0-10% NaCl and 5.5-9.5, and good growth was obtained at 35-65 °C, 0.5-8% NaCl and 6.0-9.0, respectively. Particularly, the optimum temperature for the bacterial growth was between 50 °C and 60 °C. The strain had wide adaptability to the extreme conditions, and may be potentially applied to microbial enhanced oil recovery and oil-waste bioremediation technology.
Effects of a High Magnetic Field on Abnormal Microstructure in Fe-1.1C (wt.%) Alloy
Authors: Gong Ming Long , Liu Feng Fang , Zhao Xiang , Zuo Liang
Published: March 2012

The present studies are to investigate the microstructure features and macroscopical hardness during transformation from austenite to pearlite without and with 12T magnetic field on Fe-1.1%C alloy. It is found that 12T magnetic field can increase the area fraction of abnormal microstructure and the average width of secondary cementite in Fe-1.1%C alloy by remarkably decreasing the Gibbs energy needed for the ferrite transformation. The macroscopical hardness of the specimens heated with 12Tmagnetic field is lower than the specimens without magnetic field. The reason is that the magnetric field increase the lamellar spacing of pearlite
Ring Oscillator Phase Noise Properties due to PSN with Deterministic Frequency
Authors: Bai Na , Zhou Hong Gang , Wu Qiu Lei , Peng Chun Yu
Published: March 2012

In this paper, ring oscillator phase noise caused by power supply noise (PSN) with deterministic frequency is analyzed. Results show that phase noise caused by deterministic noise is only an impulse series. Compared with the jitter caused by PSN, the phase noise caused by PSN with deterministic frequency contributes considerably less to total phase noise performance. To verify the analysis method, a CMOS ring oscillator is designed and fabricated using SMIC 0.13 µm CMOS process. Comparisons between the analytical results and measurements prove the accuracy of the proposed method
The Study of Fractured Rock Mass Instability of the Law Based on the Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Kang Zhi Qiang , Li Wein Jie , Jia Yu Bo
Published: March 2012

Fractured rock mass, Hydraulic fracture, RFPA2D-Flow, Instability of the law. Abstract. Based on the theory of fluid-solid coupling, Studying on the effect of permeability about damage and stress, Analysis of influence factors what hydraulic fracturing process, fracture propagation pattern, and influencing factors including shape and magnitude of inlet hole, stress conditions, and specimen strength were investigated. Application of rock failure process analysis software coupled seepage-stress F-RFPA2D, numerical simulated rock water pressure to cause crack rupture instability process, research the fracture law of the rock on water pressure and vertical loading. Combine similar physical experiment model, contrast analysis of two broken results and stress-strain curve, reveals instability mechanical behavior of rock hydraulic fracture process. Obtain deep mining in the process of mine water seepage and water extrude, overburden rock crack up, expand, water seepage, water extrude, instability rupture process rules.
Characteristics of a Geobacillus sp. as an Enhanced Oil Recovery Material
Authors: Kong Xiang Ping
Published: March 2012

The enhanced oil recovery characteristics of a Geobacillus sp. was investigated by shake flask experiments, blind-tube oil displacement experiments and core flooding tests. The strain exhibited good properties such as resisting high temperature, taking different types of crude oil as the sole carbon source, reducing the viscosity of crude oil, emulsifying and dispersing crude oil or liquid wax. The oil in the dead area could be effectively driven out by the strain, and the oil recovery of original oil in place had been increased by 12.9-15.9% after 5 treatments in 50 days by adopting air-assistant technique (air/liquid 10:1, v/v) due to the synergistic effect of the bacteria and their metabolites such as biogas and biosurfactants. The strain seems to be a promising candidate for microbial enhanced oil recovery and underground sewage treatment technology.
Simulation of Monomers Selection on Single-Molecular Copolymer Nano-Particles that Mimic Protein Folding
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: March 2012

The synthesis of protein-like single molecular nano-particle can be simplified by use fewer but longer monomers, which correspond to several old short monomers. The selection of new long monomer subset is optimized and tested in HP model and other models. Results show 2-3 types new monomer are enough to build stable structure, and long monomers should include integer length of one helix, and with interlaced hydrophobic and polar side-chain, thus can form α-helix like structure.
Study on Preparation of Silica Aerogels Derived from Silica Sol
Authors: Liu Pan , Geng Gang Qiang , Wang Yang Jun
Published: March 2012

Research on preparation of nanoporous silica aerogels that using cheap silica sol as silica source, undering atmospheric drying. Using orthogonal test method study the different components how to influence the gel time and the aerogel density and obtaining the best ratio. Also study the different PH value how to influence the gel time, aerogel density and the micro-structure. The results showed that: in Silica Sol, ethanol and water system, the ratio of silica sol and alcohol has significantly affected on gel time and aerogel density, the best volume ratio is 1:3, PH from 2 to 5 aerogel density is about 0.32g/cm3, but the gel time decreases rapidly, PH from 5 to 7 aerogel density increases to 0.4g/cm3 quickly, and gel time changes a little, SEM showed that the micro-structure of aerogel is the best when the PH is 5. The non-critical drying method of cheap preparation comes true.
Synthesis of Ionic Liquids [BMIM]BF4 and [BMIM]PF6 under Microwave Irradiation by One-Pot
Authors: Du Xi Gang , Du Jin Ping , Zhang Jun , Guo Xu Ming , Lu Wei Wei , Yang Zhen Yu
Published: March 2012

Ionic liquids 1-brutyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate [BMIM]BF4 and 1-brutyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM]PF6 were synthesized directly from 1-butylbromide, 1-methylimidazole, sodium tetrafluoroborate or hexafluorophosphate using microwave by one-pot under solvent-free conditions in an unmodified household oven. This method requires only a few minutes of reaction time, in contrast to the several hours needed using conventional methods by two pots that requires a lot of organic solvent. The reaction yield of ionic liquids with intermittent microwave heating is much higher than that of ionic liquids with conventional microwave heating. Thus the intermittent microwave heating is a good method for the reaction. The yield of the two ionic liquids increased slightly with increment of molar ratio of sodium tetrafluoroborate or potassium hexafluorophosphate.
The Effects of Temperature and Heating Rate on the Preparation of Stalk Char
Authors: Pan Jian , Wang Lin
Published: March 2012

The pyrolysis of three stalk was studied to estimate the eﬀect of pyrolysis conditions on product yield, calorific value and proximate analysis. Heating rate and pyrolysis temperature were the main experimental parameters. According to the test, when the heating rates were at 5, 10 and 15°C/min, the low heating rate reacted more thoroughly, got high yield and kept more energy. As the pyrolysis temperature rising; namely 200,300,400 and 500°C;the fixed carbon and gross calorific value were increasing to be 68% and 24.72 MJ/Kg respectively, but the yield was decreasing.
The Effect of Co Addition on Glassy Forming Ability and Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe-Si-B-P Bulk Metallic Glass
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Yan , Kato Hidemi , Makino Akihiro , Inoue Akihisa
Published: March 2012

We Successfully Prepared the Rod Glassy Samples of (Fe1-xCox)76Si9B10P5(x= 0~0.4) Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG) with the Diameters up to 3.0 mm by Substituting Fe for a Small Amount of Co Element. A Certain Amount of Co Substitution for Fe Contributes to the Increase of the Glass-Forming Ability (GFA) while Maintaining Good Mechanical Properties (the Fracture Strength up to 3700 MPa). This Co-Added Ferromagnetic Bulk Glassy Alloy System Also Exhibits a Higher Saturation Magnetization of 1.49 T and Lower Coercive Force (Hc, 1.2 A/m). The Fe-Based BMGs with Alloying a Small Amount of Co Element Demonstrate Excellent Combination of High GFA, Good Soft-Magnetic Properties as Well as High Strength.
Young's Modulus Changeable β-Type Binary Ti-Cr Alloys for Spinal Fixation Applications
Authors: Zhao Xing Feng , Niinomi Mitsuo , Nakai Masaaki , Hieda Junko
Published: March 2012

Presently Metallic Rods that Are Used for Spinal Fixtures Cannot Meet the Requirements of both Surgeons and Patients; Surgeons Require the Material to Have a High Young’s Modulus to Suppress Springback during the Operation, whereas Patients Require the Material to Have a Low Young’s Modulus to Prevent the Stress-Shielding Effect. In Order to Develop a Novel Biomedical Titanium Alloy with a Changeable Young’s Modulus for Spinal Fixation Applications via Deformation-Induced ω Phase Transformation. The Effects of Deformation-Induced Phases on the Mechanical Properties of Metastable β-Type Ti-xCr Alloys Were Investigated. The Experimental Results Indicate that the Young’s Moduli, Tensile Strength, and Vickers Hardness of the Ti–(10–12)Cr Alloys Increase Remarkably by Cold Rolling. The Results of the Microstructural Observations of Ti–12Cr Alloys Using a Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Show that Deformation-Induced ω Phase Transformation Occurs during Cold Rolling. Therefore, the Increase in Young’s Modulus of the Alloys Is Attributed to the Deformation-Induced ω Phase, which Is Formed in the Alloy during Cold Rolling at Room Temperature.
Effect of Phosphorus on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Formation of Retained Austenite in TRIP Steels
Authors: Kwon Eui Pyo , Fujieda Shun , Shinoda Kozo , Suzuki Shigeru
Published: March 2012

In this Study, Influences of P on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Retained Austenite Characteristics in Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) Steels Were Investigated. Microstructure of 0.2mass%P Containing TRIP Steel Was Inhomogeneous and it Resulted in Deterioration of the Mechanical Properties. Retained Austenite Characteristics such as Volume Fraction and Carbon Concentration Were Also Affected by P. The Stability of Retained Austenite in P Containing TRIP Steel Was Different from that in P-Free TRIP Steel. Such Difference in the Stability of Retained Austenite Was Attributed to the Effect of the Carbon Concentration in Retained Austenite as Well as their Different Microstructure.
Preparation of c-Axis-Oriented Y2Ba4Cu7O15-δ Films by Laser CVD with Ultrasonically Nebulized Precursor
Authors: Ito Akihiko , Sato Mitsutaka , Goto Takashi
Published: March 2012

C-Axis-Oriented Y2Ba4Cu7O15-δ (Y247) Films Were Prepared on Multilayer-Coated Hasterolly Tape Substrate by Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition with Ultrasonically Nebulized Liquid Precursor. At a Low Precursor Concentration of 0.01 mol l−1 and Deposition Temperature of 933 K, Single-Phase Y247 Film with Significant c-Axis Orientation Was Obtained. At a Precursor Concentration of 0.1 mol l−1 and Deposition Temperature 983 K, a-Axis-Oriented YBa2Cu3O7-δ (Y123) Was Codeposited with C-Axis Oriented Y247 Film.
Thermal Conductivity Design and Evaluation of Zirconium Phosphate Bonded Silicon Nitride Porous Ceramics
Authors: Wu Jun Yan , Chen Fei , Li Ming Zhong , Shen Qiang , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: March 2012

In this Paper, Five Fundamental Effective Thermal Conductivity Structural Models (Series, Parallel, Two Forms of Maxwell-Eucken and Effective Medium Theory) Were Used to Analyze and Design Silicon Nitride Porous Ceramics. Then α-Si3N4Matrix Porous Ceramics Were Prepared with ZrP2O7as a Binder and Thermal Conductivity of ZrP2O7Bonded Si3N4Porous Ceramic Was Evaluated. ZrP2O7Bonded Si3N4Porous Ceramic Had Open and Interconnected Pore Structure which is either in EMT or in Maxwell-Euken 2. The Thermal Conductivity of ZrP2O7Bonded Si3N4Porous Ceramics Changes from 2.0 to 0.5 W/m•K with Increasing the Porosity from 20% to 51%. The Obtained Results Showed that the External Porosity Material with Maxwell-Euken 2 Structure Had the Lowest Thermal Conductivity in All Porous Materials. The Open and Interconnected Pore Structure of ZrP2O7Bonded Si3N4Porous Ceramics Provided much Lower Thermal Conductivity.
Effect of Sb2O3 Doping Ratio on Electrical and Optical Properties of ATO Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Li Na , Chen Fei , Shen Qiang , Wang Chuan Bin , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: March 2012

Transparent Conducting Antimony Doped Tin Oxide (ATO) Films Have Been Prepared on Quartz Substrate by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) Technology. Despite of Extensive Researches of ATO Films Prepared by other Methods, the Study of PLD Technology Is Relatively few. PLD Technology Is Distinctive to Maintain the Elemental Components between the Targets and the Obtained Thin Flms under Optimal Conditions Contributing to Precise Control of Composition and Doping Ratio of ATO Films. The Effect of Sb2O3 Doping on the Electrical and Optical Properties of the ATO Films Was Investigated with Various Sb2O3 Doping Ratio (mol%) as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 at 500 °C in an Oxygen Pressure of 8 Pa. The Results Suggest that the Electrical Resistivity Is Firstly Decreased and then Increased with the Increase of Sb2O3 Doping Ratio. When the Sb2O3 Doping Ratio Is about 6 mol%, the Optimal Electrical Resistivity Is 3.5×10-3 Ω.cm and the Average Optical Transmittance Is 83.1%. It Is Significant to Clarify the Impact Mechanism of Sb2O3 Doping Ratio to Get the Best Electrical and Optical Physical Properties. it Is Supposed that the Carrier Concentration Dominates at a Low Sb2O3 Doing Ratio while a Scattering Effect Is Performed at a High Sb2O3 Doing Ratio.
Densification of ATO Nanoceramics by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Li Xue Ping , Chen Fei , Shen Qiang , Wang An Xue , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: March 2012

High Density Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide (ATO) Ceramic Targets Are the Crucial Materials for Preparation of High Quality Transparent Conductive ATO Thin Films in Sputtering Process. In the Present Work, ATO Nanopowders with Different Sb2O3 Doping Content (0~10 mol%) Were Used to Fabricate the ATO Nanoceramics by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) Technique, which Can Reduce the Densification Temperature and Restrain a Grain Growth. And the Effect of Sb2O3 Doping Content (0~10 mol%) on the Density and Microstructure Had Been Investigated. the Results Showed that with the Sb2o3 Doping Content Increase, the Relative Density of ATO Nanoceramics Is Increased and the Resistivity Is Decreased. When the Sb2O3 Doping Content Is 10 mol%, the Relative Density Is 97.2% and the Resistivity Is 7.9×10-2 Ω•cm.
Proton Dynamics in Water Nanotube of New Molecular Porous Crystal
Authors: Matsui H. , Tadokoro M.
Published: March 2012

Triple Layered Hydration Structure Called Water Nanotube Is Formed in the Nanochannel of New Molecular Porous Crystal {[CoIII(H2bim)3](TMA) 20H2O}n. The Formation of Regulated Water Network Is Identified by the Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray and Neutron Crystal-Structure Analyses. Furthermore, the High Conductivity Exhibiting Activation-Type Behavior Has Been Observed by the Microwave Measurement Employing Single Crystal with Millimeter-Order Length. According to the Observation of Strong Isotope Effect and Distinct Anisotropic Conduction, the Water Nanotube Is Confirmed to Be a Quasi One-Dimensional High Proton Conductor.
Preparation of Nano-Sized ZrO2 Powders by Polyvinyl Alcohol-Gel Method
Authors: Ji Xiao Li , Li Guo Min , Wang Hao , Wan Wei Wei
Published: March 2012

Nano-Sized ZrO2 Powders Were Synthesized from ZrOCl2•8H2O by Polyvinyl Alcohol-Gel Technology, Using Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as a Monomer and Glutaraldehyde (GA) as a Cross-Linking Reagent. The Stability of the Gel Was Affected by Concentration of PVA and GA, Volume of ZrOCl2•8H2O. Moderate Strength of Gel Was Synthesized by Raw Materials of PVA (2%), ZrOCl2•8H2O (30~40 g) and GA (10ml). Nano-Sized ZrO2 Was Obtained Finally, with Uniform Particle Size and Good Dispersibility, and Size Was about 20 nm. Doped ZrO2 with Stabilized Tetragonal Crystal Was Obtained at Room Temperature. The Effect of Calcine Temperature on Phase Structure of ZrO2 Powders Has Been Investigated.
Preparation of Titania Solid Films by Laser CVD Using CO2 Laser
Authors: Gao Ming , Ito Akihiko , Tu Rong , Goto Takashi
Published: March 2012

Titania (TiO2) Films Having Dense and Solid Microstructure Were Prepared by Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition Using CO2 Laser. The Effects of Deposition Temperature (Tdep) and Total Chamber Pressure (Ptot) on Phase and Microstructure of TiO2 Films Were Investigated. At Ptot = 600 Pa and Tdep = 790 K, Rutile TiO2 Film Had a Polygonal Platelet Grains 2 μm in Size. At Ptot = 600 Pa and Tdep = 1010 K, Rutile TiO2 Film Had (110) Orientation and Consisted of a Truncated Polyhedron 5–6 μm in Size. At Ptot = 200 Pa and Tdep = 955 K, Rutile TiO2 Film Has a Solid Columnar Having Faceted Surface. A Dense and Solid TiO2 Film Was Obtained at Ptot = 200 Pa and Tdep = 1120 K. The Deposition Rate of TiO2 Solid Film Was Reached 240 μm h−1.
Physical Properties of the SiCxNyHz Films
Authors: Shayapov V.R. , Rumyantsev M. , Fainer N.I. , Ayupov B.M.
Published: March 2012

The SiCxNyHz Films Were Prepared by PECVD Method Using Organosilicon Volatile Compound Hexamethyldisilazane as a Precursor. Some Important Physical and Chemical Properties Were Studied by the Complex of Modern Physical Methods. It Was Shown that at Low Deposition Temperatures the Films Contain the Chemical Bonds of Organic Nature and Have Low Values of Young’s Modulus, Refractive Index and Density. They Possess High Elasticity which Indicates to their Polymeric-Like Structure. At Higher Deposition Temperatures the Films Are Inorganic Composite Materials Consisting of Amorphous Part and Nanocrystals of Graphite and Silicon Nitride. Decrease in Optical Band Gap and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Is Observed with Deposition Temperature Increase.
Ionic Conductivity and Crystal Structure of TM-Doped Mg0.5Ti2(PO4)3 (TM = Fe, Mn, Co and Nb)
Authors: Takahashia Hiroo , Takamura Hitoshi
Published: March 2012

New Magnesium-Ion Conductors, TM-Doped Mg0.5Ti2(PO4)3 (TM = Fe, Mn, Co and Nb), Have Been Prepared by Sol-Gel Method. In Addition, their Crystal Structure Has Been Refined by Rietveld Technique and the Conductivity Has Been Evaluated by Ac Impedance Method. The Samples Were Sintered at 1150°C for 2 H (Fe, Mn and Co) or 1200°C for 10 H (Nb). For All Samples, Three Resistance Components Attributed to Grain, Grain Boundary and the Interface of Electrolyte-Electrode Were Successfully Separated as a Result of Sintering Accompanied by Grain Growth Reaching to 5 to 10 µm. The Change of Ionic Conductivity Will Be Discussed in Relation to the Dopants and their Crystal Structures.
Environmental Structural Analysis of Raney Ru(Ni) Fine Particles
Authors: Murao Reiko , Sugiyama Kazumasa , Kameoka Satoshi , Tsai An Pang
Published: March 2012

Structures of Raney Ru(Ni) Fine Particles Were Investigated by High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction Coupled with Anomalous X-Ray Scattering (AXS) at the Ni K-Absorption Edge. Raney Ru(Ni) Fine Particles Were Prepared from Monoclinic-Al13(Ru,Ni)4, by the Leaching with Naoh Aqueous Solution. Ordinary PDF for Raney Ru Indicates Atomic Correlations Similar to those for Hcp-Ru. However, a Correlation Peak at about 0.2 Nm which Could Not Be Described by the Atomic Correlations in thehcp-Typed Structure Is Developed as a Function of the Ni Content. The Environmental RDF around Ni Clearly Reproduced this Interesting Correlation Together with an Indication of thehcp-Typed Structure in the Middle Range Region. These Experimental Results Suggested that the Partially Oxidizedhcp-Typed Ru(Ni) Fine Particles Were Obtained by the Present Leaching Process.
Suppression of Spin Pumping in the Presence of Thin Titanium Interlayer
Authors: Nakayama H. , Tashiro T. , Takahashi R. , Kajiwara Y. , Ohtani T. , Ando K. , Iguchi R. , Uchida K. , Yoshino T. , Saitoh E.
Published: March 2012

The Inverse Spin-Hall Effect (ISHE), Conversion of Spin Currents into Charge Currents, Has Recently Been Observed in Paramagnetic Metal/Ferrimagnetic Insulator Bilayer Films by Means of the Spin Pumping. Here we Investigate the ISHE Induced by the Spin Pumping on Pt/Ti/Y3Fe5O12 and Pt/Ti/BiY2Fe5O12 Films, where the Y3Fe5O12 (BiY2Fe5O12) and Pt Layers Are Separated by Thin Ti Layer. In these Systems, we Measured Electric Voltage due to the ISHE in Pt/Ti/Y3Fe5O12 (BiY2Fe5O12) Systems at Room Temperature. The Experimental Results Show that the ISHE Signal Disappears in the Pt/Ti/Y3Fe5O12 (BiY2Fe5O12) Systems. These Results Indicate that the Spin Pumping between Y3Fe5O12 (BiY2Fe5O12) and Ti Layer Is Suppressed. This Method Enables us to Suppress the Spin Currents without Non-Magnetic Insulators.
Dislocation Dynamics in Bending Deformation of Si
Authors: Yonenaga Ichiro , Nakajima Kazuo
Published: March 2012

Deformation Characteristics in High-Purity Si Crystals Subjected to Bending Tests Were Studied. Specimens Were Deformed at the Temperatures Higher than 800°C without Brittle Fracture under Application of a High Stress up to 350 Mpa. Stress-Strain Behavior and the Yield Stresses Depend on the Temperature and the Strain Rate. The Results Were Discussed in Terms of the Dislocation Dynamics and Dislocation Mobility to Provide Fundamental Knowledge for Wafer Manufacturing.
Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Si3N4-Based Seal Coatings on Si3N4 Substrate
Authors: Liu Shan , Chen Fei , Yang Ying , Shen Qiang , Zhang Kai Peng
Published: March 2012

In this Study, a Good Combination between Si3N4-Based Seal Coatings and Porous Si3N4Substrate Was Achieved by Room Temperature Spraying and Pressureless Sintering. To Evaluate the Joint Quality, Residual Stress due to Thermal Expansion Mismatch between the Coatings and Porous Layers Were Characterized by Computational Studies Using the Finite Element ANSYS Code. It Was Found that Si3N4-Based Seal Coating Allows a Gradual Change in Thermal Expansion Mismatch, Minimizing the Thermal Stresses Arising from Cooling or Heating. Further Theoretical Analysis Indicates that the Thermal Expansion Mismatch between the Two Layers Produced a Large Strengthening Effect for the Fraction of the Porosity below a Critical Level and that Substrates with the High Fraction of Porosity Showed Complete Cracking, as the Cracks Initiating in Adjacent Coatings. And the Volume Fraction of Pores Required to Cause Crack Deflection, in the Porous Layer, Was Predicted. The Effects of Layer Thickness and Porosity Fraction on Residual Stress Were Studied, which Are Used as Predictions towards Better Design of Composite Materials.
Interface Reaction Behavior between Mn and SiO2 Formed by RF Sputter Deposition
Authors: Bae Byeong Taek , Nakano Hideaki , Koike Junichi
Published: March 2012

The Present Work Investigated the Effects of Adsorbed Moisture in Substrates on the Growth of a Self-Forming Barrier Layer between Mn and SiO2. In Order to Control the Adsorbed Moisture, the Substrates of TEOS-SiO2/Si Were Pre-Annealed in Vacuum at Various Temperatures. Then, Mn Thin Films Were Deposited on the Substrate with or without Pre-Annealing. The Results of Interface Reaction after Additional Post-Annealing Indicated that an Interface Reaction Layer Becomes Thinner with Decreasing the Adsorbed Moisture in the SiO2Substrates.
Thin-Film Compositions on Base of Hafnium Dioxide and Aluminum Oxide: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Lebedev M.S.
Published: March 2012

Structures to Be Based on Hafnium Dioxide Are Regarded as the Most Perspective High-K Dielectric for Integration in MOS-Technology, Carbon Nanotubes Transistors. MOCVD (Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) Techniques of HfO2, Al2O3 and (Al2O3)x(HfO2)1-X Thin Films Were Applied Using Metal-Organic Substances as the Precursors. Dependences of Growth Rates on Process Parameters Were Studied. The Chemical Structure and Properties of the Films and Electrophysical Characteristics of the Test Structures Were Investigated.
Carbon Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery
Authors: Kakran Mitali , Li Lin
Published: March 2012

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Graphene Have Attracted Tremendous Attention as the Most Promising Carbon Nanomaterials in the 21st Century for a Variety of Applications such as Electronics, Biomedical Engineering, Tissue Engineering, Neuroengineering, Gene Therapy and Biosensor Technology. For the Biomedical Applications, Cnts Have Been Utilized over Existing Drug Delivery Vectors due to their Ability to Cross Cell Membranes Easily and their High Aspect Ratio as Well as High Surface Area, which Provides Multiple Attachment Sites for Drug Targeting. Besides, it Has Also Been Proved that the Functionalization of CNTs May Remarkably Reduce their Cytotoxic Effects and at the Same Time Increase their Biocompatibility. So, the Functionalized CNTs Are Safer than Pristine or Purified CNTs, Thus Offering the Potential Exploitation of Nanotubes for Drug Administration. On the other Hand, More Recently Graphene and its Derivatives Have Been Enormously Investigated in the Biological Applications because of their Biocompatibility, Unique Conjugated Structure, Relatively Low Cost and Availability on both Sides of a Single Sheet for Drug Binding. In Our Study, we Have Covalently Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Graphene Oxide (GO) with Highly Hydrophilic and Biocompatible Excipients in Order to Increase their Aqueous Solubility and Biocompatibility. Various Excipients Used Were Polyvinyl Alcohol, Pluronic F38, Tween 80 and Maltodextrin. The Poorly Water-Soluble Anticancer Drugs such as, Camptothecin and Ellagic Acid, Were Loaded onto the Functionalized MWCNTs and GO via Non-Covalent Interactions. Furthermore, Drug Loading and Cytotoxic Activity of Drugs Incorporated with the Functionalized MWCNTs and GO as Nanocarriers Were Also Investigated. Drugs Loaded on both Carbon Nanocarriers Exhibited a Higher Cytotoxic Activity than Free Drug. On the other Hand, No Significant Toxicity Was Found even at Higher Concentrations when the Cells Were Incubated with the Functionalized Mwcnts and GO. Therefore, both these Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials Are Ideal Carriers for Drug Delivery.
Surface Modification of Micro/Nano-Fabricated Filters
Authors: Ebrahimi Warkiani Majid , Gong Hai Qing , Fane Anthony
Published: March 2012

Polymeric Micro-Fabricated Filters Have Excellent Sieving Properties. Their Identical Properties such as High Surface Porosity and Perfectly Patterned Pore Structure, which Is Combined with Mechanical Strength Make them Ideal for many Applications such as Microorganism Removal, Blood Filtration and Protein Purification. To Improve the Performance of the Micro-Fabricated Filters, we Employed Oxygen Plasma Treatment to Increase the Surface Hydrophilicity and Reduce the Membrane Fouling during Microfiltration. Hydrophilization and Integrity of the Surfaces Were Analyzed by Contact Angle Measurements and Topographic Imaging with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Treatment of Polymeric Membranes with Oxygen Plasma Led to a Stable Hydrophilization and an Increased Surface Roughness. The Filtration Properties of the Modified and Unmodified Membranes Were Examined Using Clay Particles. A Significant Increase in Total Collected Volume of Filtrate Was Observed for the Treated Membranes during Filtration of Simulated Drinking Water Samples Using Clay Suspension.
Development and Characterization of 3D Nonwoven Composites
Authors: Lewandowski Maryline , Amiot Marion , Perwuelz Anne
Published: March 2012

The aim of this paper is to present the results of a study showing the potential use of nonwoven textile structures as reinforcement in composite applications. Lightweight 3D porous composite materials have been developed from sandwich nonwovens obtained by combining several nonwoven monolayers manufactured with needlepunching and/or hydroentanglement consolidation treatments. The different structures - nonwovens and composites have been characterized, essentially with a quasi-static compression. Theoretical models have been applied to evaluate the fibre arrangement through the average fibre contact length or equivalent pore size inside the material. A difference in behaviour in compression has been observed for the different structures, and has been explained in terms of the different fibre arrangement inside the nonwoven structure which is related to the process.
Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Wood Sawdust/Polycarbonate Composites
Authors: Wimonsong Wittawut , Threepopnatkul Poonsub , Kulsetthanchalee Chanin
Published: March 2012

Wood sawdust was increasingly being used as reinforcement in commercial thermoplastics due to low cost, reusable raw materials. One of the problems of using wood sawdust is its interfacial adhesion with polymeric matrix. In this research, two types of silane coupling agents (N-(3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethyllenetriamine and γ-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane) and sodium hydroxide were used for the modification of interfacial adhesion in wood sawdust/polycarbonate composites. The effects of chemical treatment and wood sawdust content (10, 20 and 30 % by wt) were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal conductivity analysis. Youngs modulus of composites was in general higher than the neat PC except for the one with γ-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane treatment. Tensile modulus of composites was increased as the filler loading increased. Nevertheless, the addition of wood sawdust resulted in the tensile strength reduction of the composites. The SEM micrographs reveal that the aggregation of wood particles and weak interfacial bond between the treated wood sawdust and the polymeric matrix with increasing filler loading. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity was reduced significantly with the increment of wood sawdust contents.
The Effect of Carbon Fillers on Elastomer Composite Properties
Authors: Pingot Tomasz , Pingot Martyna , Zaborski Marian
Published: March 2012

The aim of this work was to obtain elastomer composite filled with carbon fillers with different structure. Three types of carbon black were used as reinforcing fillers: FEF N550, Colour Black FW200, Printex XE2B. In order to improve dispersion of fillers, different dispersing agents were used: anionic, cationic, nonionic and ionic liquids. As an elastomer matrix the acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) was used. The fillers were characterized by dibutylphtalate (DBP) absorption analysis, aggregates size, rheological properties of filler suspensions and Zeta potential analysis. The compounding was carried out in a laboratory rolling mill. Samples were prepared through the vulcanization process at 160°C. The vulcanization kinetics of rubber compounds, crosslink density, mechanical properties, hysteresis losses, conductive and thermal properties of vulcanizates were also measured. In order to characterize filler dispersion in elastomer matrix the SEM images were obtained.
Smart Materials Based on Magnetorheological Composites
Authors: Masłowski Marcin , Zaborski Marian
Published: March 2012

Magnetorheological elastomer composites (MREs) based on different magnetoactive fillers such as: carbonyl iron powder (CIP), gamma iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3), micro-and nanosize Fe3O4 are reported and studied. MREs were obtained from various elastomer matrixes such as: ethylene propylene, acrylonitrile butadiene, silicone, ethylene-octene and polyoctenamer rubbers. To align particles in elastomer, cross-linking process took place in magnetic field. Effect of the amount of ferromagnetic particles and their arrangement on the microstructure and properties in relation to the external magnetic field was examined. The microstructure, magnetic and magnetoreological properties of compositions were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and ARES Rheometer with magnetic device. Cross-linking density and mechanical properties of the composites were also studied. It was found that microstructure anisotropy has significant effect on the properties of magnetorheological elastomers. Moreover, different amount of magnetoactive fillers influence mechanical and magnetic properties of the vulcanizates. Many essential conclusions occur after application the wide variety of elastomer matrixes filled with different ferromagnetic particles in the context of preparation process of smart materials based on magnetorheological elastomer composites.
Properties of POSS/HNBR Elastomer Nanocomposites
Authors: Kosmalska Anna , Strąkowska Anna , Zaborski Marian
Published: March 2012

A series of composite materials containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and hydrogenated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (HNBR) were prepared. The goal of the work was to evaluate the effect of the type and reactivity of functional groups in the POSS cage on properties of the resulting elastomeric nanocomposites. The paper presents some of the preliminary results obtained from the studies. The results indicate that incorporation of POSS into silica-filled HNBR elastomer network increases interfacial interactions of the systems and the POSS molecules can be successfully used as coagents of crosslinking towards the elastomer matrix and efficient additives improving the mechanical properties of elastomeric nanocomposites. Furthermore, evaluation of changes in mechanical properties, induced in a result of POSS/HNBR composites ageing, show that the inclusion of POSS in the HNBR network is directly influencing the stabilizing effect and improves the ageing resistance of elastomer composites.
Interfaces in Multiphase Polymers and Nanomedicines
Authors: Patyi Gergo , Nagy Zsombor , Vajna Balazs , Anna Peter , Marosi Gyorgy
Published: March 2012

Crystalline and amorphous interfaces were formed and modified in multiphase composite and pharmaceutical systems. Nanosize drug of antacid effect was prepared in continuous extrusion process. The structural features were analyzed using (micro-) thermal analytical and (micro-) Raman spectrometric methods combined with chemometric evaluation.
Polymer Nanocomposite Scaffolds Modified with Carbon Nanotubes for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Fraczek-Szczypta Aneta , Stodolak-Zych Ewa , Jurdziak Szymon , Blazewicz Marta
Published: March 2012

Among the many applications of polylactide (PLA) in medicine, one of the most famous is porous scaffold for bone and cartilage regeneration. A new direction in the development of biodegradable polymer scaffolds is their modification using different types of nanoadditives. One type of these nanomaterials could be carbon nanotubes (CNT), which could influence the mechanical, electrical, physicochemical and biological properties of polymer matrices. Porous nanocomposite scaffolds were prepared using different techniques, such as salt leaching and a combination of salt leaching and gas foaming techniques. The bioactivity of MWCNTs was determined through their incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF) and verified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The best concentration of nanoadditives in the polymer matrices was evaluated on the basis of mechanical and in vitro tests of nanocomposite films using a universal testing machine (Zwick) and osteoblast-like human cells (MG63). The morphology, porosity and mechanical properties of the porous scaffold before and after modification with MWCNTs were evaluated using SEM, hydrostatic weighing and a universal test machine.
The Influence of Nanostructured Metal Oxides and Unsaturated Acids on Peroxide Cross-Linking of Ethylene-Octene Rubber
Authors: Pingot Martyna , Pingot Tomasz , Maciejewska Magdalena , Zaborski Marian
Published: March 2012

This paper deals with blends of ethylene-octene rubber (POE) with nanostructured metal oxides: magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and unsaturated acids: itaconic acid (IA), sorbic acid (SA) and crotonic acid (CA), as co-agents. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was used as a vulcanizing agent. Elastomer composites were prepared in Brabender measuring mixer N50. Rheometric properties of rubber mixes and crosslink density of vulcanizates were measured. Mechanical properties of the samples were also investigated. Dispersion degree of coagents in elastomer matrix was studied by SEM images. Cross-link density analysis revealed that POE vulcanizates contained both ionic bonds and covalent bonds. The results showed that the nanostructured metal oxides and unsaturated acids used as co-agents can greatly improve the modulus at 100% of elongation and tensile strength of the vulcanizates.
Silica-Polyester Nanocomposites Prepared by Polycondensation In Situ: Synthesis and Mechanical Properties
Authors: El Fray Miroslawa , Rybko Michal , Piegat Agnieszka
Published: March 2012

New multiblock polymer-matrix nanocomposites were prepared by the in situ polycondensation. Polymers containing 30% hard segments of poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and 70% soft segments built up from dimerized fatty acid (DLA), were modified with silica nanopowder. The nanocomposite materials were prepared by polycondensation in situ with the use of two different catalysts. Two types of nanosilica (Evonic Aerosil R 972 hydrophobic, and Aerosil 130 - hydrophilic) in amount of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 wt. % were used. Physical and mechanical properties were examined. The results indicate a strong influence of transesterification stoichiometry and type of catalyst on physical and mechanical properties. The amount of nanofiller and its character (hydrophilic or hydrophobic) showed also an influence on mechanical properties of synthesized nanocomposites indicating the best mechanical properties for nanocomposite containing 0.1wt% hydrophobic silica nanopowder (over 70% increase in elongation and 30% increase in tensile strength).
Modification of Hydroxyapatite with Polymer Brushes
Authors: Włodarczyk Błażej , Pietrasik Joanna , Zaborski Marian
Published: March 2012

The synthesis of polymer brushes containing poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains grafted from hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles was disscussed. Surface of commercially available hydroxyapatite was first modified with atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator and hydrophobized with isobutyric acid, and then surface-initiated ATRP was conducted. Properties of obtained hybrids were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Polymers with various molecular weight up to Mn=96,100 g/mol were obtained with good control;Mw/Mn<1.2. Copolymer brushes of poly (methyl methacrylate-stat-benzophenone methacrylate) (P(MMA-stat-BPMA) were also synthesized and cross-linking ability of such materials under UV radiation was confirmed.
Effects of Orientation on the Segmental Dynamics of Natural Rubber
Authors: Hernandez Santana Marianella , Ezquerra Tiberio A. , López-Manchado Miguel A.
Published: March 2012

The effects of orientation on the segmental dynamics of vulcanized natural rubber have been studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. Morphological changes during the stretching process were also investigated by wide-angle X-ray scattering using a synchrotron radiation. Results reveal that segmental dynamics of NR is affected by uniaxial stretching since a slowing down of the segmental relaxation is achieved. Also, there is evidence of an amorphous/semi-crystalline transition around 300% strain; below this extension, molecular chains show orientation, but no crystallization takes place; while above such strain, the crystalline structure formed limits the segmental dynamics of NR.
Surface Modification of Nanosilica for PP Composites
Authors: Pelto Jani , Munter Tony , Härkki Outi , Sarlin Juha
Published: March 2012

Due to its high purity, favourable surface chemistry and huge specific surface area, fumed silica nanoparticlesare suitable inorganic nanoscopic templates for organic modification and nanocomposite studies. Polypropylene offers good properties with low or moderate cost for many technical applications, such as for solid dielectrics. Polypropylene and hydrophilic silica nanoparticles have inherently dissimilar surface chemistries and organic modification of the silica is usually needed to achieve good mixing and nanocomposite properties. Thetarget is to study robust grafting methods which can be up-scalable without complicated process steps. In thiswork nanosilica particleshave been modified by grafting to method using equimolar amounts of various chain lengths of vinyl functional polyisobutene (PIB) oligomers (molecular weights 320 g/mol, 920 g/mol and 2300 g/mol, determined by material supplier), further functionalized by epoxidation and subsequent reaction with organosilane.The glass transition temperature, viscoelastic properties and crystallization behaviour of the PP compositeswith PIB grafted silicas (4.5 wt% silica) were altered. Especially the PIB2300 grafted silica composite showed improved low temperature fracture toughness, significantly (14°C) lower glass transition measured by DMA and higher crystallization temperature compared to the pure polypropylene.