bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of potential landslides using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission imagery in the Tulis Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Harjadi Beny , Abdiyani Susi , Sukartono Inkorena G.S. , Hesthiati Etty , Zaki Pakhriazad Hassan , Ismail Mohd Hasmadi
Published: December 2022

Tulis is one of the watersheds in the Mrica Reservoir Catchment Area in Indonesia. The Tulis Watershed has an area of 12,750 ha, which is dominated by hilly areas with areas below alluvial-colluvial. This study aimed to map the potential distribution of the landslides in the Tulis Watershed. As the Tulis Watershed has the potential for landslides, this study was conducted by using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) imagery year 2016. This study considered five aspects that affect landslides, namely: geological type, soil regolith depth, fault, slope, and soil texture. Areas in the Tulis Watershed were classified into five levels of landslide potential The following landslide classes and the area they cover were predicted after applying the formula: very low (0%), low (48%, 6,126 ha), moderate (51%, 6,548 ha), high (0.5%, 63 ha), and very high (0.1%, 13 ha). From the results of the level of potential landslides, several prevention and mitigation measures are recommended according to the level. For shallow landslide levels, it is recommended that relocation centers should be set up. In contrast, for those areas with very high landslide potential, it is necessary to mitigate and install Early Warning System (EWS) tools and prepare the community for adaptation.
Changes in Rainfall Pattern in Bengawan Solo Sub-Watershed
Authors: Trinugroho Muchamad Wahyu , Arif Sigit Supadmo , Susanto Sahid , Nugroho Bayu Dwi Apri , Prabowo Abi
Published: December 2022

Rainfed farming is vulnerable to climate variability, which changes rainfall patterns.  Rainfall variability disrupts rainfed rice cultivation because a  change in rainfall will affect the rice crop calendar. An analysis of long-term trends over a specific area is required to understand rainfall variability. The aim of this study was to assess climate variability in terms of rainfall magnitude and frequency by analyzing spatial and temporal rainfall trends in Bengawan Solo Sub-Watershed as well as the rainfed rice production. Daily rainfall data from 10 rain gauge stations over the sub-watershed area from the years 1975 to 2020 were used. The data was managed and collected by the Bengawan Solo Watershed authority. Pearson, Mann-Kendall, and Sen’s Slope tests were applied to assess the recorded data correlation, rainfall trends, and magnitude of trends into annual, monthly, and 10-day. The findings of the study indicated the spatial and temporal inhomogeneous rainfall pattern for all locations for 10-day, monthly and annual patterns. The mountainous regions at Tawang Mangu and Ngrambe stations tend to experience an upward trend (positive magnitude), while the coastal regions at Nglirip and Bojonegoro stations have a downward trend(negative magnitude). Those trends also confirmed that coastal regions would be drier than mountainous regions in the future. Understanding this rainfall trend can assist with rainfed farming strategic planning.
Influence of biochar amendments on the soil quality indicators of sandy loam soils under cassava–peanut cropping sequence in the semi-arid tropics of Northern Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Sukartono Sukartono , Kusumo Bambang Hari , Suwardji Suwardji , Bakti Arifin Aria , Mahrup Mahrup , Susilowati Lolita Endang , Fahrudin Fahrudin
Published: December 2022

Low nutrient retention and soil organic matter depletion are the major challenges of the cropping system in the sandy loam soils of Northern Lombok, Indonesia. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of biochar-based organic amendments on the soil quality of sandy loam soils under cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crants)–peanut (Arachis Hypogeae L.) cropping sequence. The treatments were as follows: biochar (10 ton ha-1) and rice straw  (3 ton ha-1)  (B1);  biochar  (10 ton ha-1), cattle manure (10 ton ha-1), and rice straw (3 ton ha-1) (B2);  biochar (10 ton ha-1)  and cattle manure (10 ton ha-1) (B3);  biochar (10 ton ha-1) and cattle manure (10 ton ha-1) plus rice straw mulch (3 ton ha-1) applied on surface soils (B4),  and without organic amendments (B0) as control. Results showed that the biochar-based organic amendments significantly improved several soil quality indicators such as SOC, total N, available P, Ca, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and aggregate stability but had no significant effect on pH, K, and Mg. Improvement in soil quality was strongly indicated by an increase in the growth and yield of cassava and peanuts. Treatments B1, B2, B3, and B4 generally had a comparable effect on soil parameters and tended to improve the growth and yield of cassava and peanuts. Cassava was responsive to treatments B2 (biochar, cattle manure, and rice straw) and B3 (biochar and cattle manure) with its actual yield of 27 tons ha−1, which is a 40% increase compared with that in the control. As a secondary crop growing after cassava, peanuts also exhibited higher yields in all amended plots compared with that in the control. The highest yield was obtained in B2 (1.38 ton ha−1), followed by B4 (1.36 ton ha−1), B1 (1.33 ton ha−1), and B3 (1.25 ton ha−1). In conclusion, the incorporation of biochar, cattle manure, and crop residues (rice straw) into soils is a promising option to maintain soil quality and sustainably produce cassava and peanuts in the sandy loam soils of the semi-arid tropics of Lombok, Indonesia.
Analysis Of Lead (Pb) Heavy Metal Content In Smoking Farmers
Authors: Tamala Desy , Hanum Galuh Ratmana
Published: December 2022

Farmers in the village of kedungrejo jombang in carrying out their activities some of them have a smoking habit where in cigarettes there are some heavy metal content such as lead (Pb). Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that is toxic to human health. Lead can cause interference and damage to the kidney function system. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between lead heavy metals in the urine of actve and passive smokers in kedungrejo village. This research used the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method with 20 farmer urine samples. The results showed that lead heavy metal levels were below the threshold value of 0,15 mg/l. The results of Pearson correlation obtained p value = 0,021 ; r = 0,510. It can be concluded that there is a moderate relationship between heavy metals and urine of active and passive smokers of farmers.
Introduction to Svalbard Studies: new approaches to toponymy and cultural landscape
Authors: А. Рогачевский, , Л.С. Чекин,
Published: December 2022

Археология, экономика, социология Шпицбергена, вопросы международного права, образ архипелага в литературе, кино и изобразительном искусстве тесно взаимосвязаны и позволяют говорить о необходимости комплексного изучения архипелага в русле региональных обществоведческих и гуманитарных исследований (area studies). В данных вступительных замечаниях и в следующей за ними подборке статей раскрываются некоторые из аспектов предлагаемой новой научной дисциплины. История освоения Шпицбергена, его топонимия и культурные ландшафты функционируют на перекрестке геополитических интересов, пытаясь закрепить определенные национальные нарративы и при этом формируя и видоизменяя историческую память.

The archaeological, economic, sociological and legal aspects of Svalbard’s history have been closely interrelated and have impacted the image of the archipelago in fiction, cinema, and fine arts. Our analysis of three Svalbard-related articles claims that these approaches should be combined under the umbrella of a new area studies discipline, “Svalbard Studies.” The toponymical and geographical material discussed in the articles illustrates the need for such a discipline. The history of discovery and exploration of Svalbard, its toponymy and its cultural landscapes develop on the crossroads of geopolitical interests and national narratives, shaping and changing the historical memory of the archipelago.
Some aspects of land descriptions in 16th-century Spain
Authors: Н.Л. Конюшихина,
Published: December 2022

В статье дается краткий обзор трех корпусов документов эпохи первых испанских Габсбургов, относящихся к земельным описаниям: «Итинерарий» Фернандо Колумба (1517–1523), «Топографические донесения Филиппа II» (1574–1581) и ценз 1591–1594 годов. При их сравнении учитываются следующие параметры: географический охват, цели создания, авторство, организационная сторона дела, процесс составления и сообщаемые сведения. Несмотря на различия в форме и содержании, все три инициативы преследовали одну общую цель — получить достоверную информацию о территории для осуществления более эффективного управления. Три рассмотренных памятника свидетельствуют о государственном запросе на выработку инструмента для получения сведений о разных сторонах жизни испанского общества. Необходимость в той или иной информации обуславливала разные методы ее сбора и организации, будь то ценз, анкетирование или топографические заметки о местности. Наиболее успешными в плане реализации оказались проекты, преследовавшие фискальные цели, поскольку они напрямую затрагивали интересы государства.

The article provides a brief overview of three corpora of documents of the first Spanish Habsburgs, related to land descriptions: “Itinerarium” of Ferdinand Columbus (1517–1523), “Topographical Reports of Philip II” (Las Relaciones Topográficas de Felipe II, 1574–1581), and the 1591–1594 census. In comparing them, the following parameters are taken into account in the comparative analysis: geographical scope, purpose of creation, authorship, organizational aspects, the process of compiling, and the reported data. Despite the difference in form and content and formats, all three initiatives had one common goal, to obtain reliable information about the territory for more effective management. They demonstrate the state’s demand for a tool for obtaining information about various aspects of Spanish society. The need for this information determined different methods of its collection and representation, whether it was a census, a questionnaire, or topographical notes about the area. The most successful in terms of implementation were initiatives that pursued fiscal goals, since they directly affected the interests of the state.
The Effect of E-LKPD Assisted PJBL-STEM Learning Model on Scientific Reasoning Ability and Argumentation Performance of Class XII Science Students in Renewable Energy Materials
Authors: Ayuni Melania Sandri , Distrik I Wayan , Viyanti Viyanti
Published: December 2022

This research aims to analyze and prove the influence of scientific reasoning ability and argumentation performance of students who follow the PjBL-STEM learning model assisted by e-LKPD with conventional models in learning Physics class XII IPA SMAN 15 Bandar Lampung. The research design was quasi-experimental (quasi-experimental), and the pretest posttest design was used. The population in this study were all students of class XII IPA. The research sample was determined by random sampling technique. The sample in this study was XII IPA 1 as the control class and class XII IPA 3 as the experimental class. Data was collected using test questions, questionnaire sheets and observation sheets. Hypothesis testing using t test and Manova test. The results showed that there was an effect of scientific reasoning ability and student argumentation performance between students who took the PjBL-STEM learning model assisted by e-LKPD and students who followed the conventional learning model based on the results of the Manova test with an F value from Wilks' Lambda. = 43.208 and the significance value = 0.000. Based on these results, it can be concluded that there is an influence of scientific reasoning ability and argumentation performance of students who follow the PjBL-STEM learning model assisted by e-LKPD with conventional learning models in learning Physics class XII IPA SMA Negeri 15 Bandar Lampung.
The Effect of HOTS-Oriented Blended Learning Model on Work and Energy Materials Using Google Classroom for Students' Critical Thinking Skill
Authors: Kesuma Qonita Puja , Sesunan Feriansyah , Wahyudi Ismu
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of HOTS-oriented blended learning model student worksheets on work and energy materials assisted by Google Classroom on critical thinking skill. This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Tanjung Bintang using a quasi-experimental form of non-equivalent control group design with purposive sampling technique. The sample of this research is students of grade X MIPA 2 and X MIPA 3. The data were tested by N-gain analysis, independent sample T-test, and Effect size test. The average N-gain in the experimental grade is 0.64 in the medium category. The results of the independent sample T-test showed that there was a difference in the average N-gain of students' critical thinking skill in the experimental grade and the control grade, which showed that the treatment had a significant effect. The magnitude of the effectiveness of using Effect size shows a value (d) of 0.91 with a higher category. The results of the research in the experimental grade showed an increase in students' critical thinking skill that were higher than the control grade, this means that there is an effect using the HOTS-oriented blended learning model worksheet assisted by Google Classroom on improving students' critical thinking skill.
Self Efficacy of Elderly Congregation in Building Learning Motivation (Study at Alif Lam Mim Kajen Islamic Boarding School)
Authors: Raniasati Rifani , Priyanto Aris , In Maaz Ud
Published: December 2022

Someone who ages without mental preparation often experiences a decrease in quality of life. At an advanced stage, there are many psychosocial crises experienced by the elderly. The feeling of basic trust that develops in the elderly is more dominated by dystonic or “desperate” traits. Not all elderly people have efficacy or beliefs about good self-acceptance of deficiencies and changes that occur to them. The purpose of this research is to photograph a different reality, namely how the elderly are able to maintain their learning motivation through strengthening self-efficacy and what factors influence the level of self-efficacy of the elderly congregation. The method used in this research is qualitative method. This research is a field research with descriptive-analytic analysis. Based on data and analysis in the field, the results showed that the elderly congregation at the Alif Lam Mim Islamic Boarding School, had good self-efficacy. This can be seen from the enthusiasm and effort they put in even in the midst of deficiencies and disturbances both physically and psychologically. Self-efficacy in the elderly is influenced by things such as past experiences, modeling, self-esteem, and emotional states. This research is expected to be a review, consideration and support for community development and development strategies, especially in empowering the elderly.
Empowering Students to Serve Through the Manufacture of Organic Fertilizers at Islamic Boarding Schools
Authors: Subqi Imam , Hasan Saipullah , Fauziah Nur Laily
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study was to explore (1) how the santri program and the steps of making organic fertilizers as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors using qualitative research methods. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the santri program that devotes life skills and develops nine business units owned by pesantren. (2) the step of making organic fertilizer begins with debriefing and subsequent implementation by preparing the ingredients to be put into a container, mixing the ingredients, stirring until mixed, putting the dough into a large drum tightly closed, waiting for 7 days, packing. (3) There are five supporting factors, namely (a) accompanied by people who have expertise, (b) having adequate facilities. (c) manufacture of independent decomposers as a way to minimize business costs and facilitate the materials needed in the manufacture of organic fertilizers. (d) cooperative relationship. (5) student commitment. While the inhibiting factors in the program of students who devote themselves are (1) the number of students is limited so that it greatly affects the running of the business unit. (2) there are still many students who prefer boyong from pesantren to seek life experiences. (3) Not able to manage properly, (4) there are still many students who are not interested
Relacje Hieronima Wincentego Radziwiłła z Karolem Stanisławem Radziwiłłem „Panie Kochanku” w świetle korespondencji z lat 1761-1786
Authors: Janicka Jowita
Published: December 2022

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie relacji między przyrodnimi braćmi: Hieronimem Wincentym Radziwiłłem a Karolem Stanisławem Radziwiłłem „Panie Kochanku”. Analiza związku pomiędzy rodzeństwem została przeprowadzona na podstawie korespondencji młodszego brata do starszego z lat 1761-1786. Relacja pomiędzy nimi była wyjątkowa, ponieważ braci dzielił wiek, matki oraz pozycja w rodzinie. Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł był dla Hieronima Wincentego nie tylko bratem, ale prawnym opiekunem i dużym autorytetem. Częsta korespondencja, wyrażane w niej uczucia czy opisywane sytuacje, pozwalają dostrzec, jaką bracia mieli ze sobą bliską więź i jak bardzo ważni byli dla siebie nawzajem.
W zdrowiu i w chorobie. Zalecenia dietetyczne w wybranych średniowiecznych traktatach medycznych z Salerno (XI-XIII w.)
Authors: Wojciechowska Beata
Published: December 2022

Troska o zdrowie, eliminowanie cierpienia oraz chorób w wymiarze fizycznym i duchowym była przedmiotem refleksji teoretycznej od czasów antycznych. Średniowieczne traktaty medyczne, powstałe w szkole medycznej w Salerno, szczegółowo zajmowały się substancjami pokarmowymi, klasyfikując je jako pożywienie oraz skuteczne lekarstwa na wiele schorzeń. Dieta była uważana za integralną część ogólnego, dobrego samopoczucia człowieka. Żywność i napoje pełniły funkcje odżywcze, profilaktyczne oraz lecznicze. Zalecenia dotyczące diety wynikały z ukształtowanej wiedzy, obserwacji, doświadczenia i były uzasadniane przez reguły patologii humoralnej. Oparte były o zasadę równowagi, umiarkowania i indywidualnego podejścia do człowieka.
The social perception of epidemics in the Middle Ages on the example of the Chronicles of Jan Długosz
Authors: Bogacka Katarzyna
Published: December 2022

Autorka analizuje opisy epidemii w Kronikach Jana Długosza w celu poznania ich ówczesnego postrzegania w społeczeństwie i przypisywanego im znaczenia. Z kronik wynika, iż zdroworozsądkowa i intuicyjna wiedza skuteczniej zapobiegały rozprzestrzenianiu się infekcji, niż leczyła je medycyna. Epidemie uważano za wynik wyroków Bożych; dołączano także wyjaśnienia astrologiczne i wyjaśnienia polityczno-społeczne. Zgodnie z propaństwowym przesłaniem Kronik, postrzegano je jako jedno z wyzwań, przed jakimi stawała Polska przez pierwszych pięćset lat swojego istnienia. Metaforyka zarazy ujawnia system wartości średniowiecznego społeczeństwa.
Situación actual de las tolas plantadas en la comunidad San José de Aymara, Huancavelica - Perú
Authors: Solange Montero Terry
Published: December 2022

Los arbustos andinos son parte del paisaje andino, los cuales son empleados en el manejo de suelos y algunos se utilizan como leña verde en el altiplano en el sur del país. En este artículo se presenta una actualización de la situación de las "tolas" plantadas en la comunidad de San José de Aymara y los resultados de una pequeña encuesta a los comuneros realizada el año 2020. Durante la visita se registró la presencia de arbustos de tolas de diversos tamaños; estos arbustos fueron plantados en tierra comunal en el mes de noviembre del año 2005, y desde entonces no se continuó con su producción en el vivero. Pinus spp. y Polylepis spp. se produce en el vivero comunal durante la estación de invierno. Para poder interpretar los resultados de las encuestas y discutir lo observado en la visita de campo, se desarrolló una revisión de literatura sobre propagación de arbustos de las especies Parastrephia quadrangularis y Baccharis tricuneata, de esta manera, resaltar los beneficios y limitaciones de estas especies nativas conocidas comúnmente como “tolas”, en el manejo de ecosistemas en zonas con potencial forestal y/o agroforestal dentro del contexto de cambio climático. Así como el conocimiento, importancia y usos de estas especies por parte de la comunidad, mediante la encuesta.
Our approach to labial fusion during childhood: Eight years of experience in a single center.
Authors: Uysal Mehmet
Published: December 2022

Aim: In this study; we aimed to determine the clinical information and treatment results of labial fusion patients who applied directly to or consulted the Pediatric Surgery Outpatient Clinic of our hospital.
Material and Method: Female patients in the prepubertal age group with labial fusion who applied to the Pediatric Surgery Outpatient Clinic of our hospital were retrospectively reviewed in terms of age, complaints, recommended treatment, recurrence rates, time to recurrence, and complications.
Results: This study involved 438 patients with labial fusion aged between 32 days and 10 years in our hospital. Labial fusion was detected in 359 (82%) of the patients, a nearly complete opening only in the labia minora, and additional problems related to labial fusion in 180 (41%) patients. The patients were treated with topical estrogen and creams containing the raw material of the Centella Asiatica plant and manual fusion separation. Recurrence of labial fusion was seen in 18(4%) of these patients. It was found that the patient's age at the time of detection and additional problems related to labial fusion were effective on the recurrence of the disease.
Conclusion: Older age and additional problems may increase the recurrence rate of labial fusion. We think that we can get results faster, with less risk of recurrence, by detecting the pathology early, applying the necessary precautions, and using the creams containing the raw material of Centella Asiatica as well as the raw material of the Centella Asiatica plant in combination, if necessary.
Asupan Magnesium Hubungannya dengan Kontrol Glukosa Darah pada Penderita DM Tipe 2 Setelah Diberi Intervensi Beras Putih dan Beras Coklat
Authors: Sulistyowati Etik , Handayani Dian , Rudijanto Achmad
Published: December 2022

Terapi gizi medis (MNT) sangat penting dalam rencana manajemen diabetes secara keseluruhan. Beras coklat berpotensi mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah, karena indeks glikemiknya yang lebih rendah, serat dan magnesium yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan beras putih. Namun, masih belum diketahui perbedaan pengaruh nasi coklat dan nasi putih terhadap kontrol glukosa darah pasien diabetes tipe 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan perubahan kontrol glukosa darah pasien diabetes tipe 2 yang diberikan diet berbasis nasi coklat dan nasi putih. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental cross over design pada 18 pasien wanita diabetes tipe 2 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Subyek diberikan diet beras coklat selama 12 minggu berturut-turut, dilanjutkan dengan wash out selama 2 minggu, dan diet berbasis nasi putih selama 12 minggu berturut-turut. Data glukosa darah diukur sebelum dan sesudah 2 periode intervensi. Riwayat diet sebelum intervensi dikumpulkan melalui Kuesioner Frekuensi Makanan Semi-Kuantitatif, dan asupan makanan selama intervensi dipantau menggunakan formulir catatan makanan, kemudian dianalisis dengan perangkat lunak NutriSurvey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dibandingkan dengan diet berbasis nasi putih, diet berbasis beras coklat secara signifikan meningkatkan asupan magnesium, serta menurunkan kadar glukosa darah puasa (FBG), glukosa darah 2 jam postprandial (PBG 2 jam) dan HbA1c (p<0,05). Kesimpulannya, pasien diabetes tipe 2 yang diberi diet beras coklat selama 12 minggu terbukti mengalami peningkatan asupan magnesium dan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah, dibandingkan saat diberi diet berbasis nasi putih. Oleh karena itu, beras coklat dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif makanan pokok sehat bagi penderita diabetes tipe 2.
Contribution of School Canteen's Snacks to The Iron Fulfillment in Malang High Schools
Authors: Kurniawati Adelya , Kusuma Titis Sari , Winariyanti Wahyu , Putra Dedy Iskandar
Published: December 2022

Inadequate dietary iron, impaired iron absorption, bleeding, or loss of body iron in the urine may cause anemia. The prevalence of anemia due to iron (Fe) deficiency in Indonesia reaches 22.7% in females and 12.4% in males. Indonesian students spent 7-8 hours/day, mainly the iron daily intake influenced by school canteen snacks. This study aimed to determine the contribution of Fe content in canteen snacks in high schools in Malang. This research was an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional design with the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) method as a quantitative iron analysis technique. Food samples were selected purposively according to the inclusion criteria from 10 high schools consisting of junior high and senior high school groups. The snack samples studied were fried chicken, fried Tempe, and noodles. The average Fe content in snacks was analyzed using the independent T-test in the junior and senior high school groups. The iron content in fried Tempe and noodle showed a significant difference with p> 0.05, while the iron content in fried chicken in the two school groups did not show different results. However, the percentage contribution of Fe to the Nutrition Adequacy Rate (RDA) is still minimal, with the most significant contribution coming from noodles, reaching 17.85% in the male group.
Bacteriological and Physicochemical Evaluation of Selected Bottled Water Brands in Nasarawa, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulsalam Mustapha
Published: December 2022

Twenty-six different brands of bottled water were tested for bacteriological and physicochemical qualities in Nasarawa Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. Bacteriological assessments have been used to outline the wide varieties of heterotrophic bacteria, overall coliform and faecal coliform. The chloride content, pH, temperature, conductivity, flouride content, total hardness and suspended particles have been additionally investigated. The coliform count ranged from 0 to 1000 coliform/100ml of the sample while the heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 0 to 118 cfu/ml. In the bottled water samples, there was no faecal coliform and fluoride contents. The pH, temperature, conductivity, Chloride content, total hardness, and total suspended particles were all within acceptable limits between 6.50 and 8.30, 19.8 and 21.00C, 63.10 and 86.92µS/cm, 3.58 and 4.64 mg/l, 1 and 86 mg/l and 1.0 x 10-3 to 3.0 x 10-3 g/100ml, respectively. Staphylococcus, Aeromonas, Klebsiella, Micrococcus and Bacillus were among the bacterial species found. For heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform and faecal coliform, 25 (96%), 24 (92%) and 0 (100%) of the 26 different bottled water samples met the standard respectively. For pH, temperature, conductivity, fluoride content, chloride content, total hardness and total suspended particles, all of the bottled water samples also met the criteria. According to the results of this study, 88.46 percent of the bottled waters tested were fit for consumption based on bacteriological and physicochemical factors. When producing bottled water, it is recommended that stringent criteria should be followed to ensure that the bottles are well capped, and that statistics including the producing date, expiration date and consignment number be imprinted on the bottles.
Modification of pristine layered double hydroxide to form metal oxide composites as an anionic dye photodegradation catalysts
Authors: Yuliasari Nova , Amri  , Mohadi Risfidian , Elfita  , Lesbani Aldes
Published: December 2022

Pristine layered double hydroxide (LDH) in the form of clay Mg/Al LDH was enhanced its catalytic ability by impregnating metal oxides to form Mg/Al-metal oxide composites in congo red (CR) degradation. The composite was calcined at a not high temperature of 300 oC and characterized using SEM and DRUV. In this report, the photodegradation of CR as anionic dye was optimized based on the variables of pH, catalyst weight and time radiation. The stability of the catalyst was studied from the percent degradation in the recycling test. The characterization of the catalyst that has undergone 5th regeneration cycles was carried out using XRD and FTIR. The results of this study revealed that catalysis by Mg/Al-metal oxide composites resulted in a better percent degradation, rate constant and materials stability than pristine Mg/Al LDH. Mg/Al LDH, Mg/Al-TiO2 and Mg/Al-ZnO catalyzed the photodegradation of CR by 65.97%, 73.06 % and 86.86%, respectively.
Microwave-assisted biosynthesis of flower-shaped ZnO for photocatalyst in 4-nitrophenol degradation
Authors: Sulistyo Rini Ari , Aji Arie Purnomo , Rati Yolanda
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the flower-shaped ZnO particles have been prepared via microwave-assisted biosynthesis technique using an aqueous extract of Sandoricum koetjape peel at various irradiation powers, i.e. 180, 360, 540, and 720 Watt. The synthesized flower-shaped ZnO particles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The UV-vis spectra exhibited ZnO absorption peaks in the UV region with band gap energy in the range of 3.25 - 3.29 eV. XRD analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite crystal with the high purity of ZnO particles. The flower-shaped morphology of ZnO was evident in FESEM images with the decrease of particle diameter as the radiation power increased from 257 to 447 nm. ZnO prepared at 720 Watt (Z-720) succeeded in degrading 4-nitrophenol with the highest efficiency of 84.8 % after 240 min. Consequently, biosynthesis ZnO will have a great opportunity to be applied in degrading wastewater pollutants.
Depresi Berat Tokoh Utama Dalam Novel Al-Jāḥid Karya Al-Ḥasan Al-Bukhārī: Analisis Psikologi Sastra
Authors: Badi'ah Lia Salma
Published: December 2022

Penelitian depresi berat tokoh utama novel al-Jāḥid Karya al-Ḥasan al-Bukhārī ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap depresi berat yang dialami oleh tokoh utama meliputi simtom-simtom dan penyebabnya. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori psikologi sastra. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini metode analisis psikologi sastra. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa tokoh utama novel al-Jāḥid Karya al-Ḥasan al-Bukhārī adalah Hadi, seorang laki-laki yang memiliki masa lalu yang menyedihkan karena tinggal di panti asuhan, berkepribadian introvert, dan pesimistis. Dari berbagai peristiwa tersebut, muncul simtom-simtom depresi berat pada diri Hadi. Terdapat tujuh simtom major depressive episode pada diri Hadi dan muncul lebih dari dua minggu sehingga ia terdiagnosis depresi berat. Tujuh simtom tersebut yaitu, simtom mood depresi, penurunan ketertarikan dan kesenangan, gangguan pola makan, insomnia atau hipersomnia, peningkatan atau penurunan gerak, perasaan tidak berharga atau bersalah, serta pemikiran bunuh diri. Penyebab munculnya simtom-simtom tersebut adalah adanya ketidakseimbangan antara id, ego, dan superego pada diri Hadi. Ego Hadi terus menuruti impuls id dan superego tidak bekerja merintangi impuls id. Ego melakukan berbagai mekanisme pertahanan untuk mereduksi tegangan id, yaitu pembentukan reaksi (reaction formation), reaksi agresi (aggressive reaction), dan asketisme atau menolak segala kebutuhan.
Architecture of banking institutions in Manchuria: development periods
Authors: Kim Anton
Published: December 2022

The paper describes the developing architecture of banking institutions in Manchuria in the late 19th – first half of the 20th century. The classification of banking institutions based on nationality (foreign, Chinese, Manchukuo banks) and the scale of financial activity of organizations (local, provincial, national Chinese, international) was developed, which affected both the location of objects in the urban structure and stylistic and typological features. The development of banking architecture and the formation of typical spatial solutions for this kind of objects used in the region is addressed in more detail. There are four main stages of development associated with geopolitical changes in the region. The first stage (1898–1913) was the formation of banking institutions in the region, the prevalence of Russian and Japanese organizations, the use of neo-Renaissance motives. The second stage (1913–1924) was the active development of Chinese banking institutions based on tenement buildings in the Chinese-Western style. The third stage (1924–1932) was the acquisitions and mergers of small banking institutions, the formation of typology and stylistics of Japanese banking architecture based on neoclassical approaches and its borrowing in the Chinese architecture of banking institutions. The fourth stage (1932–1942) was the absorption of most Chinese and foreign banks by the state-owned banks of Manchukuo, which continued the development of the typology used in Japanese buildings.
How is the synthesis of naturalism and sociocentrism possible?
Authors: Bazhanov Valentin
Published: December 2022

The paper presents some results of the project that analyzed the prospects for a synthesis of naturalism and sociocentrism in cognitive studies. It is shown that this synthesis can take place within the context of the biocultural co-constructivism idea, which implies a holistic approach to the study of the system “brain—society—culture”. It is proved, that through the lens of this idea we can study the processes associated with the functioning of neural mechanisms, which are connected with the neurodetermination of culture and brain acculturation. The project draws attention to the role of these mechanisms for the functions expressed in brain plasticity and the existence of knowledge deanthropologization limits.
Historical epistemology: problems and prospects
Authors: Shipovalova Lada
Published: December 2022

The paper considers historical epistemology as a relevant direction of philosophical reflection on the historical foundations of scientific cognition. The researcher emphasizes the identity of historical epistemology in a number of other historical and philosophical studies of science, explores the matters of ontological turn in historical epistemology, reflexivity and relativism. The paper demonstrates that historical epistemology, making an ontological turn, offers an original way to solve the problem of relativism regarding science, which arises in the context of a historical approach to scientific foundations. The research considers the historical epistemology not only as a subject of philosophical research, but also as a special strategy for the study of science, which has its own methods. The possibilities and prospects of this strategy use, in particular, related to the constructive interdisciplinarity are also in the focus of this research.
Three waves of scientific mobilization in the East of Russia (1930s – early 1950s)
Authors: Krasilnikov Sergey , Vodichev Evgeny
Published: December 2022

The research focuses on the phenomenon of formation and subsequent transformation of the social institution of science and the corporate unity of academia in the regional aspect in relation to the eastern regions of Russia during Stalin’s era. The most important principle of the study was the adaptation to the goals of the historic and scientific analysis of the basic concept of social mobilization, which includes such backbone elements as doctrinal imperatives, state priorities, campaign nature, centralized and administrative-distributive mechanism of resource allocation for scientific research, control over scientific teams and groups of scholars that combined incentives and preferences with obligation and compulsion.

It has been established that Stalin’s era featured two divergent trends that influenced the transformation of the domestic social institution of science: the first resulted in the possibilities of self-development of science as a system of knowledge, and the second acted as a derivative of priorities and needs of government institutions for the scientific and technical support of  strategic projects. In the 1930s, a mechanism of coordination of intra-scientific and state interests and needs was formed and consolidated on the basis of embedding and development of mobilization practices in scientific activity (the formation and reinforcement of hierarchy, directivity, norms and practices of conflict consolidation, motivational mechanisms of academic work, etc.).
Ethnographic Expeditions to the Germans of Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors: Smirnova Tatiana
Published: December 2022

The paper presents the results of ethnographic expeditions to the Germans living in Russia and Kazakhstan. The purpose of the project is a comparative description of the identity of the Germans, a previously united nation who, after the collapse of the USSR, were separated by state borders. The expeditions covered the regions of the Russian Federation (Saratov, Omsk, Novosibirsk regions, Altai Territory) and the Republic of Kazakhstan (Astana, Almaty). Using field methods, such as surveys and interviews, direct and participant observation, the authors explored the types of ethnic identity, ethnic symbols and landmarks, personal identity of the Germans, their opinions about the own past, present and future; German self-organization in the newly independent states; ways of preservation, museumification and presentation of the historical and cultural heritage of the Germans in Russia and Kazakhstan.
Review of the book: History of the Russian Orthodox Diaspora: In 5 Vol. T. 1. Book. 2: Russian Church Presence in Europe until 1917. Moscow: Indrik, 2021. — 800 p.: ill.
Authors: Kirichenko Oleg
Published: December 2022

A five-volume edition of "History of the Russian Orthodox Diaspora" is prepared by the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Moscow Theological Academy. The historical circumstances that determine the typical features of the Russian church presence in Western Europe are analyzed, starting from the first Russian embassy house churches to the flourishing of the Russian church building in Europe in the pre-revolutionary years. It is noted that the Russian church in Europe was not only a clear evidence of Orthodoxy, but also a signature landmark of Russia itself – its “clerical and diplomatic representation” and religious and cultural image.
Historical Science of Petrograd–Leningrad Amidst Social Transformation (1917–1934)
Authors: Rostovtsev Evgeniy
Published: December 2022

Among the significant objects of research are the emergence of the discourse of the "St. Petersburg historical school" in the early Soviet period, the transformation of the system of scientific institutions and higher educational institutions of Petrograd-Leningrad associated with historical science, the evolution of the subject of historical research. The focus is also on the processes of termination of the historical-clerical and the emergence of historical-party science, the relationship of the historical community and government. The author offers the periodization of historical science in the early Soviet period.

The role of Petrograd/Leningrad University as the main center of historical science of the city is considered, the process of emergence and development of new "Soviet" scientific and educational centers is studied. The central element of research was prosopographic research, which made it possible to trace how the collective portrait of the corporation of historians changed. One of the directions of statistical calculations was the consideration of the dynamics and direction of political repression against historians who worked in Petrograd-Leningrad, about a third of them were subjected to repressions. Here, the most massive repressions hit the institutions of the Academy of Sciences, and, paradoxically, the new "ideological" Soviet institutions. Yet, prosopographic research shows that despite repressions and transformations, a high degree of continuity between different generations of historians was maintained in the institutions of Petrograd-Leningrad, and the main scientific schools formed in the pre-revolutionary period were also preserved. Reasonable assumption is put forward about the preservation of the traditions of professional crafts within the framework of Leningrad historical school, although subjected to significant deformation in the conditions of the totalitarian political regime.
The Profession of Historian of Science in the Russian Sociocultural and Scientific Context in the First Half of the 20th century
Authors: Ilizarov Simon
Published: December 2022

The formation of the profession of historian of science in Russia in the first half of the 20th century is considered in a wider context of the institutionalization of history of science and technology as a special research field. The views of A.S. Lappo-Danilevsky, V.I. Vernadsky, S.I. Vavilov, V.P. Volgin and other scholars on the specifics and parameters of the profession of historian of science are analyzed. The study demonstrates the impact of disciplinary development and emergence within the Academy of Sciences of the first specialized research centers – “Russian Science” Subcommission, Commission for the History of Knowledge, and Institute for the History of Science and Technology (IHST) – on the process of professionalization of the history of science. The functioning as well as the very existence of the first academic centers for the studies on the history of scientific knowledge was strongly dependent on the domestic political processes in the 20th century. The IHST elimination in 1938 and tragic deaths of some of its leading staff members were followed by the destruction of the nascent community of historians of science. As a result, the idea that disciplinary histories of sciences were part of these sciences themselves became predominant for many years to come.
Agrarian Policy and the Change of Technological Ways in the USSR: Compliance Problems
Authors: Sukhova Olga
Published: December 2022

The paper offers an explanatory model that reveals the nature and mechanisms for the implementation of agrarian policy throughout the Soviet history. The basic elements of the concept were chosen: the theory of changing technological patterns, the integral-institutional paradigm of civilizational development and the consideration of society as an open system. Within the framework of the managed crisis strategy, the periodization of agrarian policy in the USSR is presented as a succession of phases of adaptation of the economic, social and information environment of the rural community to the tasks of forming and changing technological patterns. The author analyzes factors and obstacles for the implementation of the technological revolution project (mechanization and electrification) in agriculture, the contradictions of the formation of rural modernity, reviews the unique experience of approbation and implementation of the practices and attitudes of freed labor.
Environmental Degradation and Violations of Human Rights
Authors: Jadhav Shanker , Yannawar Vyankatesh B.
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Human rights not only in India but also around the world environment is intrinsically linked: safe, clean, healthy. A sustainable environment is essential to the enjoyment of our human rights; even though a polluted, dangerous and otherwise unhealthy environment potentially violates our human rights. Environmental rights are not abstract, distant and irrelevant concepts; are measurable, distinctive and functional aspects of society and its ecology. When environmental rights are violated, people and the planet suffer from reduced health and well-being. According to the Article 21 of the Indian Constitution that everyone on the country has the right to a healthy environment. This major decision is the result of decades of mobilization of various stakeholders. States must now meet their commitments and step up their efforts. This article aims to list relevant information, research, data and press releases and other institutions
Indoor Air Quality Management under Button Up Conditions
Authors: Pal Dr. Shri , Debnath R , Shivnaz Ms
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Maintaining the desired Indoor Air Quality under the Button Up Conditions, has always been a challanging task. The present invention provides Indoor Air Quality Management System Under Button Up Conditions[1]. The system is operated in a Normal, Button Up or Filtration mode. The invention comprises computer based fully automated system which include six sub systems i.e., CO2 Removal System, Odour/ TVOC Removal System, Oxygen Replenishment System, Compressed Air System, NBC Filtration System and Facility Management System that operate in coordination with one another to maintain the desired CO2, Oxygen and Positive Pressure levels in facility. CO2 adsorbents which adsorb CO2 from the air by way of not only their chemical reactions but also or only by way of their molecular structure and other properties. Activation of CO2 Removal System is based on the signal from the CO2 sensor that is located in the return air duct of the air handling units serving the buildings. The CO2 Removal System does not depend only on one type of absorbent/adsorbent material. All the six sub systems are fully integrated with one another to always maintain the desired levels of CO2, Oxygen and positive pressure in the facility and filter away any hazardous contaminants from the air under all three modes of operation i.e., Normal Mode, Button Up Mode or Filtration Mode as felt necessary. The Bunkerman absorbents used in the system, showed CO2 absorbent capacity of about 35% to 42% by weight. The adsorbent capacity of the Bunkerman Adsorbents and molecular sieves were observed to be between 15 to 18. An absorbent capacity of 30% and adsorbent capacity of 12% can be safely adopted for CO2 removal filters in the systems. The proposed Bunkerman Indoor Air Quality Management System was effectively able to ensure the recommended levels of CO2 and TVOC [2,3] in the facility tested during Real Button Up Mode.
PROPUESTA DE VALOR Y SATISFACCIÓN DEL CLIENTE DURANTE LA PANDEMIA COVID-19
Authors: Ziller Carvajal Karen Lorena , Armijos Armijos Juan Carlos
Published: December 2022

La actual pandemia del Covid-19 dejó al descubierto algunos problemas que las empresas experimentan ante situaciones de crisis, mostrando no estar del todo preparadas para afrontarlas. Ante tal tipo de situaciones, las empresas han tenido que adaptarse para sobrevivir y continuar en el mercado. Para ello, varias de estas han modificado su propuesta de valor recurriendo principalmente al e-commerce o comercio electrónico, con la finalidad de continuar “vendiendo” en un contexto de restricciones. Si bien, esto ha resultado provechoso en general, tal práctica no se encuentra exenta de dificultades, las cuales han impactado negativamente en los niveles de satisfacción del cliente. El artículo trata el caso de SportCh, una empresa mediana, de retail, dedicada a la comercialización de productos deportivos la cual es analizada a través del Modelo 5d, el cual incluye a la toma de conciencia por parte de la compañía como un elemento central. A través de la aplicación de dicho modelo teórico fue posible determinar la causa del problema y cuales fueron los impactos internos y externos de la empresa.