bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic and Kinetic Insights into H2O Effects in the Conversion of C1−C3 Hydrocarbons to Value‐added Products
Authors: Chen Juan , Zanina Anna , Li Jianshu , Wu Kai , Jiang Guiyuan , Kondratenko Evgenii V.
Published: June 2024

The direct conversion of cheap and widely available C1−C3 alkanes in natural gas/shale gas into building blocks for the chemical industry is highly attractive from an environmental perspective as a replacement for current oil‐based processes. Due to the high chemical inertness of these alkanes, but the high reactivity of the desired reaction products, which are easily involved in non‐selective sequential reactions, ongoing research activities are focused on controlling product selectivity through catalyst design and/or reactor operation. In this context, we have critically analyzed research studies dealing with the effect of steam or liquid water on catalyst activity and, in particular, on selectivity in the conversion of CH4, C2H6 and C3H8 to C2+‐hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, methanol, ethylene, acetic acid, and propene. In addition, our personal views on possible future developments are also given.
Superior stable high‐voltage LiCoO2 enabled by modification with a layer of lithiated polyvinylidene fluoride‐derived LiF
Authors: Ding Qihang , Jiang Zewen , Chen Kean , Li Hui , Shi Jingzhe , Ai Xinping , Xia Dingguo
Published: June 2024

High‐voltage LiCoO2 (LCO) can deliver a high capacity and therefore significantly boost the energy density of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, its cyclability is still a major problem in terms of commercial applications. Herein, we propose a simple but effective method to greatly improve the high‐voltage cyclability of an LCO cathode by constructing a surface LiF modification layer via pyrolysis of the lithiated polyvinylidene fluoride (Li‐PVDF) coating under air atmosphere. Benefitting from the good film‐forming and strong adhesion ability of Li‐PVDF, the thus‐obtained LiF layer is uniform, dense, and conformal; therefore, it is capable of acting as a barrier layer to effectively protect the LCO surface from direct exposure to the electrolyte, thus suppressing the interfacial side reactions and surface structure deterioration. Consequently, the high‐voltage stability of the LCO electrode is significantly enhanced. Under a high charge cutoff voltage of 4.6 V, the LiF‐modified LCO (LiF@LCO) cathode demonstrates a high capacity of 201 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and a stable cycling performance at 0.5 C with 80.5% capacity retention after 700 cycles, outperforming the vast majority of high‐voltage LCO cathodes reported so far.
Expanding the π‐system of Fatty Acid‐Anion Transporter Conjugates Modulates Their Mechanism of Proton Transport and Mitochondrial Uncoupling Activity
Authors: York Edward , McNaughton Daniel A. , Gertner David S. , Gale Philip A. , Murray Michael , Rawling Tristan
Published: June 2024

Mitochondrial uncoupling by small molecule protonophores is a promising strategy for developing novel anticancer agents. Recently, aryl urea substituted fatty acids (aryl ureas) were identified as a new class of protonophoric anticancer agents. To mediate proton transport these molecules self‐assemble into membrane‐permeable anionic dimers in which intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the carboxylate and aryl‐urea anion receptor delocalise the negative charge across the aromatic π‐system. In this work, we extend the aromatic π‐system by introducing a second phenyl substituent to the aryl urea scaffold and compare the proton transport mechanisms and mitochondrial uncoupling actions of these compounds to their monoaryl analogues. It was found that incorporation of meta‐linked phenyl substituents into the aryl urea scaffold enhanced proton transport in vesicles and demonstrated superior capacity to depolarise mitochondria, inhibit ATP production and reduce the viability of MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. In contrast, diphenyl ureas linked through a 1,4‐distribution across the phenyl ring displayed diminished proton transport activity, despite both diphenyl urea isomers possessing similar binding affinities for carboxylates. Mechanistic studies suggest that inclusion of a second aryl ring changes the proton transport mechanism, presumably due to steric factors that impose higher energy penalties for dimer formation.
Influence of Water Radiolysis on the Passive Properties of 316L‐Stainless Steel
Authors: Bérerd Nicolas , Moncoffre Nathalie , Martinet Philippe , Marcelin Sabrina , Baux Dominique , Normand Bernard
Published: June 2024

This work aims to study the effect of radiolytic species induced by water radiolysis on the passive behavior of 316L stainless steel. For this purpose, the stainless steel/neutral and aerated 0.02 M Na2SO4, electrolyte solution interface was irradiated with proton beams. A wide range of energies between 2 and 16 MeV was selected, varying the maximum of the energy deposition between 0.5 and 122 μm in water from the interface. The irradiation experiments were performed at the CEMHTI cyclotron in Orléans and the 4 MV Van de Graaff accelerator at IP2I in Lyon (France). A dedicated irradiation device implemented with a 3‐electrode cell dedicated to perform electrochemical measurements allows to measure the surface reactivity of the stainless steel as a function of the irradiation conditions. Results show that whatever the beam energy, the corrosion potential remains unchanged. It indicates that the very short‐lived, highly reactive radiolytic species drive the corrosion potential and not only the recombination products such H2O2 or H2. The stainless steel remains in the passive state whatever the irradiation conditions. However, it is shown that, during irradiation, the passive film is less protective. This evolution is attributed to radiolysis of bound water molecules in the passive film.
Overtone Transition 2ν1 of HCO+ and HOC+: Origin, Radiative Lifetime, Collisional Quenching
Authors: Jiménez‐Redondo Miguel , Uvarova Liliia , Dohnal Petr , Kassayová Miroslava , Caselli Paola , Jusko Pavol
Published: June 2024

We present spectra of the first overtone vibration transition of C−H/ O−H stretch (2ν1) in HCO+ and HOC+, recorded using a laser induced reaction action scheme inside a cryogenic 22 pole radio frequency trap. Band origins have been located at 6078.68411(19) and 6360.17630(26) cm−1, respectively. We introduce a technique based on mass selective ejection from the ion trap for recording background free action spectra. Varying the number density of the neutral action scheme reactant (CO2 and Ar, respectively) and collisional partner reactant inside the ion trap, permitted us to estimate the radiative lifetime of the state to be 1.53(34) and 1.22(34) ms, respectively, and the collisional quenching rates of HCO+(2ν1) with He, H2, and N2.
DLP 3D Printing of Levoglucosenone‐Based Monomers: Exploiting Thiol‐ene Chemistry for Bio‐Based Polymeric Resins
Authors: Pezzana Lorenzo , Fadlallah Sami , Giri German , Archimbaud Corentin , Roppolo Ignazio , Allais Florent , Sangermano Marco
Published: June 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a well‐established technique that allows for the development of complex geometries and structures with multiple applications. While considered a more environmentally‐friendly method than traditional manufacturing, a significant challenge lies in the availability and ease of synthesis of bio‐based alternative resins. In our endeavor to valorize biomass, this work proposes the synthesis of new α,ω‐dienes derived from cellulose‐derived levoglucosenone (LGO). These dienes are not only straightforward to synthesize but also offer a tunable synthesis approach. Specifically, LGO is first converted into diol precursor, which is subsequently esterified using various carboxylic acids (in this case, 3‐butenoic, and 4‐pentenoic acids) through a straightforward chemical pathway. The resulting monomers were then employed in UV‐activated thiol‐ene chemistry for digital light process (DLP). A comprehensive study of the UV‐curing process was carried out by Design of Experiment (DoE) to evaluate the influence of light intensity and photoinitiator to find the optimal curing conditions. Subsequently, a thorough thermo‐mechanical characterization highlighted the influence of the chemical structure on material properties. 3D printing was performed, enabling the fabrication of complex and self‐stain structures with remarkable accuracy and precision. Lastly, a chemical degradation study revealed the potential for end‐of‐use recycling of the bio‐based thermosets.
Binaphthyl Mediated Low Temperature Synthesis of Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Baluchová Simona , Zoltowska Sonia , Giusto Paolo , Kumru Baris
Published: June 2024

Metal‐free graphitic carbon nitrides are on the rise as polymer photocatalysts under visible light illumination, taking shares in a range of promising photocatalytic reactions, including water splitting. Their simple synthesis and facile structural modification afford them exceptional tunability, enabling the creation of photocatalysts with distinct properties. While their metal‐free nature marks a significant step towards environmental sustainability, the high energy consumption required to produce carbon nitride photocatalysts remains a substantial barrier to their widespread adoption. Furthermore, the process of condensation at approximately 550 °C typically results in solid yields of less than 15 %, significantly challenging their economic viability. Here, we report on lowering manufacturing conditions of carbon nitride photocatalysts whilst enhancing photocatalytic activity by introducing binaphthyl diamine as a structural mediator. At 450 °C in 2 hours, carbon nitride photocatalyst shows a lower bandgap and enables visible light induced hydrogen evolution (194 μmol h−1) comparable to benchmark carbon nitride photocatalysts.
A policy configured resource management scheme for AHNS using link reliability K‐means clustering algorithm and Weibull distribution‐based blue monkey optimization
Authors: Punitha P. , Sivaparthipan C. B. , Muthu Bala Anand , Lakshmana Kumar R.
Published: June 2024

Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHNs) are an essential method for resolving conflicts between extreme spectrum scarcity and rapid traffic increase while maintaining high‐quality service for consumers. However, the coexistence of primary and secondary users represents a critical challenge for reasonable resource allocation in order to provide a sustaining system performance. Many approaches have been developed to efficiently allocate resources; however, these methods are currently limited by things like user collision, strange traffic networks, and high data transmission error rates. To address these constraints, this paper proposes a policy‐configured reinforcement learning‐based ad hoc network (AHN) model. To obtain the ideal policy configuration for the network, the system first models the cognitive radio (CR) network, in which nodes are initialised and grouped employing the Link Reliability K‐Means clustering Algorithm (LR‐KMA). The available spectrum was then detected and separated into multiple bands utilizing coherent‐based detection (CBD) and signal source identification employing the Parzen–Rosenblatt Window‐based Restricted Boltzmann Machine (PRW‐RBM). Next, the learning model for the resource allocation process employs the Weibull Distribution‐based Blue Monkey Optimization (WD‐BMO) approach to pick the relevant bands. Finally, the experimental results were analyzed in order to evaluate the proposed resource allocation model's performance in CRAHNs. When compared with previous findings, the proposed method improves resource utilization by 5%, the proposed model achieves a 7% higher throughput, and the PRW‐RBM's accuracy improves classification accuracy by 1.07%.
Some bats are here: Reducing the Wallacean shortfall of bats in the amazon
Authors: Vieira Thiago Bernardi , Alexandre Rafaela Jemely Rodrigues , Pena Simone Almeida , Correia Letícia Lima , Brasil Ariane de Sousa , Aguiar Ludmilla Moura de Souza , De Marco Paulo , Ditchfield Albert David
Published: June 2024

The Amazon rainforest has approximately 23% of its sampled area dedicated to bats, making it one of the least sampled and most diverse regions for bats in Brazil. The lack of sampling results in a lack of knowledge regarding the accurate geographical distribution of bat species. This lack is referred to as the Wallacean shortfall, which should be addressed with primary data obtained from in situ collections. However, the use of Species Distribution Models (SDMs) can help alleviate this gap. The states of Pará and Acre are located in the Brazilian Amazon. So, our objective is to decrease the Wallacean shortfall concerning Amazonian bat species. To achieve this, we provide (i) a list of bat species sampled in the states of Pará and Acre in the last 5 years (2017 to 2022); (ii) the potential distribution of species considered as new occurrences for the region; and (iii) the potential distribution of species classified as Data Deficient (DD) and Near Threatened (NT) according to the IUCN classification. With 96 nights of collection and 129,600 m2h of mist netting, we obtained 75 bat species, with an estimated total of 94.78 species. Additionally, 21 species were considered as range extensions. The Brazilian Amazon region has a vast geographic expanse and few established research centers, resulting in a limited sampling of bats and other biological groups. Furthermore, we draw attention to the significant number of bat species with expanded geographical distributions, with 21 out of the 75 sampled species. This should be a reminder that primary biogeographic data is still necessary for the neotropical region.
IFN‐γ stimulates Paneth cell secretion through necroptosis mTORC1 dependent
Authors: Encarnacion‐Garcia Maria R. , De la Torre‐Baez Raúl , Hernandez‐Cueto María A. , Velázquez‐Villegas Laura A. , Candelario‐Martinez Aurora , Sánchez‐Argáez Ana Beatriz , Horta‐López Perla H. , Montoya‐García Armando , Jaimes‐Ortega Gustavo Alberto , Lopez‐Bailon Luis , Piedra‐Quintero Zayda , Carrasco‐Torres Gabriela , De Ita Marlon , Figueroa‐Corona María del Pilar , Muñoz‐Medina José Esteban , Sánchez‐Uribe Magdalena , Ortiz‐Fernández Arturo , Meraz‐Ríos Marco Antonio , Silva‐Olivares Angélica , Betanzos Abigail , Baay‐Guzman Guillermina Juliana , Navarro‐Garcia Fernando , Villa‐Treviño Saúl , Garcia‐Sierra Francisco , Cisneros Bulmaro , Schnoor Michael , Ortíz‐Navarrete Vianney F. , Villegas‐Sepúlveda Nicolás , Valle‐Rios Ricardo , Medina‐Contreras Oscar , Noriega Lilia G. , Nava Porfirio
Published: June 2024

Immune mediators affect multiple biological functions of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and, like Paneth and Paneth‐like cells, play an important role in intestinal epithelial homeostasis. IFN‐γ a prototypical proinflammatory cytokine disrupts intestinal epithelial homeostasis. However, the mechanism underlying the process remains unknown. In this study, using in vivo and in vitro models we demonstrate that IFN‐γ is spontaneously secreted in the small intestine. Furthermore, we observed that this cytokine stimulates mitochondrial activity, ROS production, and Paneth and Paneth‐like cell secretion. Paneth and Paneth‐like secretion downstream of IFN‐γ, as identified here, is mTORC1 and necroptosis‐dependent. Thus, our findings revealed that the pleiotropic function of IFN‐γ also includes the regulation of Paneth cell function in the homeostatic gut.
Tethering of hexokinase 2 to mitochondria promotes resistance of liver cancer cells to natural killer cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Aublin‐Gex Anne , Jacolin Florentine , Diaz Olivier , Jacquemin Clémence , Marçais Antoine , Walzer Thierry , Lotteau Vincent , Vidalain Pierre‐Olivier , Perrin‐Cocon Laure
Published: June 2024

Hexokinases (HKs) control the first step of glucose catabolism. A switch of expression from liver HK (glucokinase, GCK) to the tumor isoenzyme HK2 is observed in hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Our prior work revealed that HK isoenzyme switch in hepatocytes not only regulates hepatic metabolic functions but also modulates innate immunity and sensitivity to Natural Killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. This study investigates the impact of HK2 expression and its mitochondrial binding on the resistance of human liver cancer cells to NK‐cell‐induced cytolysis. We have shown that HK2 expression induces resistance to NK cell cytotoxicity in a process requiring mitochondrial binding of HK2. Neither HK2 nor GCK expression affects target cells’ ability to activate NK cells. In contrast, mitochondrial binding of HK2 reduces effector caspase 3/7 activity both at baseline and upon NK‐cell activation. Furthermore, HK2 tethering to mitochondria enhances their resistance to cytochrome c release triggered by tBID. These findings indicate that HK2 mitochondrial binding in liver cancer cells is an intrinsic resistance factor to cytolysis and an escape mechanism from immune surveillance.
A voltammetrically potentionmetric pH sensor based on multiply hydroxylated porphyrin
Authors: Lin Fan , Xu Ying , Li Xueni , Wang Yilin , Ru Yulu , Wang Dandan , Zhou Xiaoshun , Shao Yong
Published: June 2024

Using voltammetry to readout potentiometrically the solution acidity requires easy pH tunability of the probe's redox properties. In this work, tri‐hydroxyphenyl porphyrin (POH3) was synthesized as the electrochemically active probe to develop a voltammetrically potentiometric sensor (VPS) with a pH‐sensitive response. By comparing POH3 with control di‐ and mono‐hydroxyphenyl porphyrins (POH2 and POH1), we found that protonation of the pyrrole macrocycle, electron communication of the para‐hydroxyl groups with the pyrrole nitrogens during structure tautomerization, and the presence of multiple ionizable hydroxyl groups are the critical factors to report reversibly the pH‐sensitive VPS response at the appropriate potential range. Common metal ions have negligible effects on the sensor performance. In comparison to the conventional potentiometric sensor (CPS), our VPS strategy benefits from the advantage that the electrode modification is not required. Thus, the complex phase boundary models necessary for CPS are unnecessarily involved in explaining the potential response.
Application of response surface methodology to optimize chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solution using pre‐treated sawdust
Authors: Sirusbakht Samin , Vafajoo Leila , McKay Gordon , Parthasarathy Prakash
Published: June 2024

Increased chromium usage in industrial applications as chromium III and chromium VI, include metal plating, steel alloys, leather processing, medical applications, and chromium dyeing operations, has resulted in water pollution by Cr (VI) ions, which being toxic and carcinogenic has developed into significant environmental and health problems. The purpose of this research is to remove Cr (VI) ions from synthetic wastewater utilising modified sawdust as an inexpensive adsorbent. Two modified sawdust samples were produced, one using sodium hydroxide and one using sulfuric acid. The experimentation, based on several batch systems, has been undertaken at 25–65°C with 0.5–1.5 g/L sawdust dosage. These conditions were applied to remove Cr (VI) ions at concentrations of 1–6 ppm at pH values from 3 to 10. The results have shown that adsorption onto sawdust followed an intraparticle diffusion mechanism with various rate parameters from 0.65 to 5.24 mg g−1 min, for treated and untreated sawdust. The distribution coefficient , enthalpy , thermodynamic standard free energy , and entropy were determined from a number of temperature studies. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo‐second order model gave the optimum correlation to the experimental results. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied to analyse the experimental equilibrium results. The optimised conditions for the adsorption process were obtained using the D‐optimal design method, and the maximum removal percentage of 100%, was determined at pH = 3, T = 25°C, adsorbent dosage = 1.5 g/L, and an initial Cr (VI) concentration = 5.72 ppm.
Enhancing emotional abilities in anorexia nervosa treatment: A rolling‐group cognitive remediation and emotional skills training protocol
Authors: Meneguzzo Paolo , Bonello Elisa , Tenconi Elena , Todisco Patrizia
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by limited remission rates and emotional dimensions are often neglected. Cognitive remediation and emotional skills training (CREST) protocol aims to address cognitive and emotional factors. This study evaluates the feasibility and effectiveness of a modified rolling‐group CREST protocol in an inpatient setting.

Methods

Quasi‐experimental design evaluated CREST protocol in a rehabilitation programme. A total of 116 females diagnosed with AN were included, of whom 63 were included in the CREST protocol and 53 in the standard rehabilitation treatment. Various standardized measures were employed to assess psychopathology. Data collection occurred longitudinally, before and after CREST implementation.

Results

No significant differences emerged between groups regarding changes in specific eating psychopathology. CREST group exhibited significant improvements in emotion regulation (p = 0.002) and social skills (p = 0.014), besides a reduction in alexithymia (p < 0.001) and cognitive rigidity (p = 0.013). Empathic features remained stable. Participants reported positive perceptions of the CREST intervention.

Discussion

The study highlights the potential benefits of integrating emotional training within multidisciplinary intensive treatment for AN. Results emphasise the importance of treatment protocol with more affective and hot‐cognition‐related interventions, beyond weight‐related psychopathology. Implementing a rolling‐group CREST protocol in an inpatient setting showed promise in enhancing the emotional abilities of AN patients.
A research on destress mechanism of underlying roadway for gas outburst prevention in deep, low‐permeability coal seam
Authors: Yin Jiadi , Wu Yu , Zhang Hualei , Cao Jianjun
Published: June 2024

Gas outbursts pose a significant threat in the mining of deep low‐permeability coal seams. As mining depth increases, there is a rise in coal and gas dynamic disasters, rendering the gas outburst prevention technology from shallow mining areas unsuitable for deep coal seam exploitation. Addressing the challenges posed by deep, highly gassy coal seams, this study introduces a gas outburst prevention technology integrating destressing in the close distance underlying roadway with gas drainage. The article investigates the relevant technical parameters and assesses the feasibility of this approach. First, it establishes destressing model for the underlying roadway to derive an analytical solution for stress distribution in the coal seam. Second, appropriate technical parameters are designed considering the seepage characteristics of gas in the coal seam. Finally, the gas drainage technical scheme is implemented at Qujiang coal mine to verify its on‐site effectiveness. Field test results indicate an increase in gas permeability within the coal seam following destressing in the underlying roadway, accompanied by significant improvements in the efficiency of gas drainage and the advancement speed of the coal roadway. Specifically, the driving speed of the coal roadway has escalated from 40 m/month to 150 m/month. These outcomes demonstrate the potential of this technology as a promising approach for preventing gas outbursts in the challenging context of deep, low‐permeability coal seams, facilitating swift coal roadway excavation.
Impacts of Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation and an Agricultural Pollutant on Morphology and Behavior of Tadpoles (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis)
Authors: Orford Jack T. , Tan Hung , Martin Jake M. , Wong Bob B. M. , Alton Lesley A.
Published: June 2024

Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate class globally. Multiple factors have been implicated in their global decline, and it has been hypothesized that interactions between stressors may be a major cause. Increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation, as a result of ozone depletion, has been identified as one such stressor. Exposure to UV radiation has been shown to have detrimental effects on amphibians and can exacerbate the effects of other stressors, such as chemical pollutants. Chemical pollution has likewise been recognized as a major factor contributing to amphibian declines, particularly, endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In this regard, 17β-trenbolone is a potent anabolic steroid used in the agricultural industry to increase muscle mass in cattle and has been repeatedly detected in the environment where amphibians live and breed. At high concentrations, 17β-trenbolone has been shown to impact amphibian survival and gonadal development. In the present study, we investigated the effects of environmentally realistic UV radiation and 17β-trenbolone exposure, both in isolation and in combination, on the morphology and behavior of tadpoles (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis). We found that neither stressor in isolation affected tadpoles, nor did we find any interactive effects. The results from our 17β-trenbolone treatment are consistent with recent research suggesting that, at environmentally realistic concentrations, tadpoles may be less vulnerable to this pollutant compared to other vertebrate classes. The absence of UV radiation–induced effects found in the present study could be due to species-specific variation in susceptibility, as well as the dosage utilized. We suggest that future research should incorporate long-term studies with multiple stressors to accurately identify the threats to, and subsequent consequences for, amphibians under natural conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1615–1626. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Differential Toxicity of Arsenic in Daphnia pulex Under Phosphorus and Food Limitation
Authors: Schultz Anthony , Owens Joseph , Demidenko Eugene , Roy Chowdhury Priyanka
Published: June 2024

The on-going anthropogenic degradation of freshwater habitats has drastically altered the environmental supply of both nutrients and common pollutants. Most organisms living in these altered habitats experience interactive effects of various stressors that can initiate adjustments at multiple levels impacting their fitness. Hence, studies measuring response to a single environmental parameter fail to capture the complexities of the status quo. We tested both the individual and the interactive effect of arsenic (As) exposure, food quantity, and dietary phosphorus (P)-supply on six life-history traits (Juvenile Growth Rate; Adult Growth Rate; Age and Size at Maturity, Lifespan, and Fecundity) as surrogates for organismal fitness in the keystone aquatic grazer Daphnia pulex. We also tested the effect of food quantity and P-supply on somatic As accumulation in Daphnia. Our results indicated an influence of P-supply on neonatal growth and an influence of As and food quantity on growth and maintenance later in life. Maturation was strongly influenced by all three variables, with no reproduction observed in the presence of two or more environmental stressors. We found a strong interaction between As and dietary P, with increased P-supply intensifing the toxicity effect of As. No such effects were seen between As and food quantity, indicating a differential role of quantity versus quality on As toxicity. We found a nominal effect of diet on somatic As accumulation. The results from the present study emphasize the importance of considering such interactions between co-occurring environmental stressors and the dietary status of organisms, to better predict and manage impacts and risks associated with common environmental toxicants in highly vulnerable ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1807–1819. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Self‐doped conjugated polymers with electron‐deficient quinone units for enhanced electron transport in highly efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Luo Xi , Yu Jiangkai , Tang Haoran , Cai Houji , Xiong Wei , Zhang Kai , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: June 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted significant attention as a burgeoning flexible technology, owing to their advanced power conversion efficiencies. Moreover, interface materials play a crucial role in optimizing energy level alignment between the active layer and electrodes, thereby enhancing carrier extraction within the device and improving efficiency. However, current methodologies for fabricating electron‐transport materials with superior mobility are still limited compared with those for hole‐transport materials. In this study, a benzodifurandione (BFDO)‐derived building block with quinone resonance property and strong electron‐withdrawing capability was synthesized. Two conjugated polymers, namely PBFDO‐F6N and PBFDO‐F6N‐Br, were prepared, both of which exhibited good electron mobility and exceptional interface modification capabilities. A comprehensive investigation of the interaction between the interface layer and the active layer revealed that PBFDO‐F6N induced doping at the acceptor interface. Additionally, the high mobility of PBFDO‐F6N facilitated efficient carrier extraction at the interface. Consequently, the application of PBFDO‐F6N as the cathode interface layer for PM6:BTP‐eC9‐based OSC devices resulted in a remarkable efficiency of 18.11%. Moreover, the device efficiency remained at ∼96% even at a PBFDO‐F6N interface thickness of 50 nm, demonstrating the great potential of this material for large‐scale device preparation.
Implementation of high‐performance, freestanding flexible film masks through photosensitive polyimide for arbitrary surface micropatterns creation
Authors: Dong Xuan , Chan Siew Yin , Zhao Ruoqing , Luo Lei , Xu Manzhang , Gao Jiuwei , Ju Xin , Wu Jing , Chi Dongzhi , Loh Xian Jun , Wang Xuewen
Published: June 2024

Given the widespread presence of intricate surfaces, the development of electronics has generated a significant demand for surface patterning techniques capable of creating refined or novel patterns. Nevertheless, present surface patterning techniques suffer from complex processes, limited resolution, stringent conditions, and high manufacturing costs. Herein, we present a novel approach for arbitrary surface micropatterning using photosensitive polyimide (PSPI), enabling the in situ fabrication of electrodes without the need for a pattern‐transferring process. On this basis, we have implemented a high‐performance, freestanding flexible thin‐film mask with high optical transparency that facilitates precise alignment of microelectrode patterns with the target material. It also exhibits exceptional mechanical properties suitable for long‐term use and high‐temperature applications, with a notable glass transition temperature of up to 300°C. The fabricated masks with thicknesses of 5–20 μm are well‐suited for high‐resolution applications, including those requiring sub‐5 μm resolution. Furthermore, the creation of microelectrodes on a variety of surfaces utilizing the fabricated PSPI masks was successfully demonstrated. Our facile method provides a solid foundation for achieving efficient micropatterning for the fabrication of high‐performance flexible electronics on complex surfaces.
Hydrocarbon expulsion mechanism of Lower Cambrian argillaceous source rocks in the Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Chen Junqing , Yang Xiaobin , Zhang Xingang , Pang Xiongqi , Luo Jinyang , Pang Bo , Jiang Fujie , Yang Haijun , Li Jiarun , Shi Kanyuan
Published: June 2024

The source of oil and gas in the Tarim Basin's platform has always been controversial. The Lower Cambrian Yurtusi Formation and the Xidashan Formation–Xishanbulak Formation argillaceous source rocks are an important set of oil source series in the basin. Based on the principle of conservation of matter, this paper calculates the hydrocarbon expulsion amount of the source rock. Using a phase state hydrocarbon expulsion amount characterization model, the paper reconstructs the evolution process of the hydrocarbon expulsion phase state of the source rock. According to the characterization model of hydrocarbon expulsion dynamics, the relative contribution of each force to hydrocarbon expulsion is evaluated. The hydrocarbon expulsion geologic model of argillaceous source rocks in the Lower Cambrian in the Tarim Basin is established. The results show that this set of source rocks can serve the main source rocks in the basin. The hydrocarbon expulsion of the Lower Cambrian argillaceous source rocks in the Tarim Basin can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, the hydrocarbon expulsion phase is dominated by the water‐soluble and diffusion phases. The conversion of clay minerals into dehydration and diffusion forces is the main driving force for the hydrocarbon expulsion. In the second stage, the oil and gas expulsion present the characteristics of multiphase and multidynamic coexistence. In the third stage, the phase state of oil and gas expulsion is mainly free phase. The capillary force difference and the thermal expansion force of the fluid rock are the main driving forces for oil and gas expulsion. The research results of this paper can deepen the understanding of the hydrocarbon expulsion mechanism of the set of source rocks, and then guide oil and gas exploration.
Occurrence of common frog (Rana temporaria) and common toad (Bufo bufo) adults and metamorphs in agricultural fields in Germany: Potential for exposure to plant protection products
Authors: Taylor Nadine S. , Sadowski Jan , Schuster Hanna S. , Weyers Arnd , Weltje Lennart
Published: June 2024

To characterize the potential for exposure of amphibian terrestrial life stages to plant protection products (PPP), we studied the occurrence and habitat use of adult and metamorph common frogs (Rana temporaria) and common toads (Bufo bufo) in an agricultural landscape in Germany. The four selected study sites were breeding ponds with approximately 80% agricultural land within a 1-km radius. Adults were monitored by radio tracking for two years, and metamorph numbers were assessed for one summer using pitfall traps alongside drift fences. The results demonstrate that adults were rarely present in arable fields at any of the sites (overall 0.5% and 4% of total observations for frogs and toads, respectively). Metamorph captures in arable fields were more variable, ranging from 1.2% to 38.8% (frogs) and from 0.0% to 26.1% (toads) across study sites. Unsurprisingly, most captures in arable fields for both toad and frog metamorphs occurred at the site where the pond was completely surrounded by arable fields. Overall, the presence of adult amphibians in arable fields was limited and, for the metamorphs, occurred primarily when crops were denser and PPP spray interception higher. Diurnal hiding behavior was observed with the highest activity recorded at night, further reducing the risk of dermal exposure from direct PPP overspraying. In addition, it appeared that alternative habitats, such as woody structures or water bodies in the broader surrounding area, were preferred by the animals over the arable areas. The use of buffer zones around water bodies in agricultural areas would be an effective risk mitigation measure to protect terrestrial adults and metamorphs residing there and would reduce spray drift entry into water bodies during PPP application. It is hoped that these results will contribute to the discussion of risk assessment and mitigation options for amphibians. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2218–2230. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Key Points

Relevant potential exposure for both adult and metamorph anuran amphibians (i.e., common frogs and toads) on agricultural land was assessed. The movement and behavior of both adult and metamorph common frogs and common toads exhibited a preference for nonarable habitats and reduced potential for exposure. Landscape management is an option to protect and support amphibian populations effectively.
Universal screening of postpartum depression with Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale: A prospective observational study
Authors: Fijean Anne‐Laure , Marçais Marianne , Banasiak Claire , Morel Olivier , Dahlhoff Sandra , Olieric Marie‐France , Mottet Nicolas , Epstein Jonathan , Bertholdt Charline
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To assess the feasibility of universal screening of postpartum depression (PPD), using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) in the general population. To investigate the proportion of women identified as being at risk of PPD and with confirmed PPD or other mental disorders after a psychiatric consultation.

Methods

A multicenter prospective cohort study in four French maternities conducted between 2020 and 2023. All women aged over 18 years, who delivered following a singleton pregnancy after 37 weeks of gestation were eligible for inclusion. The exclusion criteria were pre‐existing psychiatric disorders such as depressive syndrome. The EPDS was completed at 8 weeks postpartum via an online self‐administered questionnaire. If the response to the questionnaire suggested a mental disorder, a psychiatric consultation was proposed to the women concerned. The endpoints were the proportion of women completing the EPDS, the EPDS score, the proportion of women at risk of PPD, the proportion of psychiatric consultation, and the subsequent diagnosis.

Results

The study included 923 women, of whom 55.0% (508/923) completed the EPDS. Among them, 28.1% (143/508) had an EPDS score of 10 or more, and 11.2% (57/508) received a psychiatric consultation. PPD was confirmed in 8.8% (5/57) of women. Other disorders detected were mood disorders, disorders specifically associated with stress, and anxiety/fear‐related disorders, in 33.3%, 28.1%, and 14.0% of the women, respectively.

Conclusions

Screening with self‐administered EPDS is feasible, with a good response rate, making it possible to suspect mental disorders, including PPD, and to offer psychological support when needed.
Yield prediction models for some wheat varieties with satellite‐based drought indices and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Akcapınar Muhammed Cem , Çakmak Belgin
Published: June 2024

In recent years, frequent drought events in Konya, one of Türkiye's most important cereal production centres, have led to increased pressure on water and soil resources, resulting in yield losses, particularly in wheat production. Alternative yield prediction models, especially those that play a crucial role in agricultural import–export planning in the region, are important for economic contributions and the development of early warning systems. In this context, the aim of this study is to develop models that can be used in the yield prediction of wheat varieties widely grown in the Konya Altınova region. Agricultural drought indices obtained from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) products of the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite were used to obtain model inputs. These indices are the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Vegetation Health Index (VHI) and Vegetation Supply Water Index (VSWI). In obtaining the input parameters for the models, the growth periods of the varieties in the region were also considered. Using various machine learning algorithms, 21 yield prediction models for Bayraktar‐2000, 12 for Kızıltan‐91 and 8 for Bezostaya‐1 were presented as alternatives, with model performances (coefficient of determination, R2) ranging between 0.74 and 0.97, 0.73 and 0.96, and 0.69 and 0.87, respectively.
Energy‐efficient clustering algorithm using distributed fuzzy‐logic to prolong the survivability of wireless sensor networks
Authors: Alkwai Lulwah M. , Yadav Kusum
Published: June 2024

Energy efficiency is critical for prolonging the survivability of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and clustering algorithms play a significant role in achieving this goal. An application‐specific wireless sensor network requires adapted methods and techniques to meet its requirements. A vast amount of research has been done on optimizing energy consumption and enhancing network lifetime of sensor nodes. To increase the lifetime of WSNs, we present and evaluate an energy‐efficient clustering algorithm based on distributed fuzzy logic (EECADFL). High reliability, low error rates during clustering, and its ability to perform well in large‐scale networks with many nodes are some of the main benefits of this method. In wireless sensor networks, simulation results showed that the scheme provided better lifetime performance while limiting dead nodes and improving cluster head selection.
Matrix‐variate risk measures under Wishart and gamma distributions
Authors: Arias‐Serna María Andrea , Caro‐Lopera Francisco José , Loubes Jean Michel
Published: June 2024

Matrix‐variate distribution theory has been instrumental across various disciplines for the past seven decades. However, a comprehensive examination of financial literature reveals a notable gap concerning the application of matrix‐variate extensions to Value‐at‐Risk (VaR). However, from a mathematical perspective, the core requirement for VaR lies in determining meaningful percentiles within the context of finance, necessitating the consideration of matrix c.d.f. This paper introduces the concept of “matrix‐variate VaR” for both Wishart and Gamma distributions. To achieve this, we leverage the theory of hypergeometric functions of matrix argument and integrate over positive definite matrices. Our proposed approach adeptly characterizes a company's exposure by into a comprehensive risk measure. This facilitates a readily computable estimation of the total incurred risk. Notably, this approach enables efficient computation of risk measures under Wishart, exponential, Erlang, gamma, and chi‐square distributions. The resulting risk measures are expressed in closed analytic forms, enhancing their practical utility for day‐to‐day risk management.
Trends in the burden and determinants of HIV in the Asia‐Pacific region (1990−2019): An age‐period‐cohort analysis of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Li Jing , Xie Dan‐Dan , Cui Hao‐Liang , Yue Chun , Wang Qin‐Yi , Luo Chuo , Tian Lin , Sheng Zhi‐Feng
Published: June 2024

Although the burden of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Asia‐Pacific region is increasingly severe, comprehensive evidence of the burden of HIV is scarce. We aimed to report the burden of HIV in people aged 15−79 years from 1990 to 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. We analyzed rates of age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life years (ASDR), age‐standardized mortality (ASMR), and age‐standardized incidence (ASIR) in our age‐period‐cohort analysis by sociodemographic index (SDI). According to HIV reports in 2019 from 29 countries in the Asia‐Pacific region, the low SDI group in Papua New Guinea had the highest ASDR, ASMR, and ASIR. From 1990 to 2019, the ASDR, ASIR, and ASMR of persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) increased in 21 (72%) of the 29 countries in the Asia‐Pacific region. During the same period, the disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of AIDS patients in the low SDI group in the region grew the fastest, particularly in Nepal. The incidence of HIV among individuals aged 20−30 years in the low‐middle SDI group was higher than that of those in the other age groups. In 2019, unsafe sex was the main cause of HIV‐related ASDR in the region's 29 countries, followed by drug use. The severity of the burden of HIV/AIDS in the Asia‐Pacific region is increasing, especially among low SDI groups. Specific public health policies should be formulated based on the socioeconomic development level of each country to alleviate the burden of HIV/AIDS.
Short‐range molecular order is the driving factor for starch digestibility and texture of alginate‐encapsulated rice beads
Authors: Cao Senbin , Li Cheng
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Rice grain analogues with slow starch digestibility are commonly associated with an unsatisfactory texture, often leading to consumer dissatisfaction. Alginate encapsulation has been applied to reduce the digestibility of corn and potato starch. The fine molecular structures of rice starch can greatly determine its digestibility and texture. However, it remains unclear whether a combination of alginate encapsulation and varied starch molecular structures can be employed to create rice grain analogues that offer both slow starch digestibility and an appealing texture.

RESULTS

For the first time, the present study constructed alginate‐encapsulated rice beads (as a rice grain analogue). A wide range of starch digestion rates were found among alginate‐encapsulated rice beads prepared with different rice varieties, and only certain rice varieties (e.g. Subei and Nanjing) were able to result in rice beads with slower starch digestibility than their parental rice kernels. More importantly, all rice beads showed a relatively softer texture compared to their parental rice kernels. Correlation analysis showed that starch digestion rate, hardness and stickiness were all positively correlated with the ratio of short‐range amorphous regions in rice bead samples, as obtained from Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, but not with the relative crystallinity.

CONCLUSION

Collectively, these results suggest that rice beads with slower starch digestion rate and softer texture could be obtained by choosing rice varieties that develop more short‐range ordered structure after cooking. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comprehension of drying kinetics and stone milling process of chestnuts: a focus on moisture content, milling speed, and energy evaluation
Authors: Cappelli Alessio , Fiscella Mattia , Parenti Alessandro , Cini Enrico , Masella Piernicola
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Chestnut flour plays an important role in the production of bread, bakery products, and gluten‐free foods. Most of the references in the literature focus on the drying process itself and not on the effects of the drying and milling processes. Moreover, the literature is lacking recommendations regarding optimal moisture content and milling speed, thus motivating the present study. The first aim is to understand the chestnut drying process through an in‐depth evaluation of drying kinetics; the second aim is to assess the effects of three different moisture content (2%, 4% and 6%) and three different stone rotational speeds (120, 220 and 320 rpm) on operative milling parameters (flour yield, milling time, energy consumption, temperature increase, average power, specific milling energy), flour particle size distribution, and chestnut flours characteristics.

RESULTS

The results show that moisture content and stone rotational speed have statistically‐significant effects on milling operative parameters, flour particle size and chestnut flour composition. In particular, stone rotational speed affected almost all the tested variables (mill operative parameters, flour particle size distribution, and flour characteristics). Therefore, as the stone rotational speed increases, energy consumption, average power, specific energy, and damaged starch content significantly increase.

CONCLUSION

These findings clearly show that moisture content and stone rotational speed are powerful tools that allow the exploiation of the milling process to modulate the characteristics of the obtained flours. In conclusion, two different approaches for chestnut milling were suggested depending on the type of flour to be produced. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.