bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant microwave absorption in fine powders of superconductors
Authors: Csősz G. , Márkus B. G. , Jánossy A. , Nemes N. M. , Murányi F. , Klupp G. , Kamarás K. , Kogan V. G. , Bud’ko S. L. , Canfield P. C. , Simon F.
Published: July 2018

Enhanced microwave absorption, larger than that in the normal state, is observed in fine grains of type-II superconductors (MgB2 and K3C60) for magnetic fields as small as a few % of the upper critical field. The effect is predicted by the theory of vortex motion in type-II superconductors, however its direct observation has been elusive due to skin-depth limitations; conventional microwave absorption studies employ larger samples where the microwave magnetic field exclusion significantly lowers the absorption. We show that the enhancement is observable in grains smaller than the penetration depth. A quantitative analysis on K3C60 in the framework of the Coffey–Clem (CC) theory explains well the temperature dependence of the microwave absorption and also allows to determine the vortex pinning force constant.
Eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of Prussian blue-embedded magnetic hydrogel beads for the removal of cesium from water
Authors: Yang Hee-Man , Hwang Ju Ri , Lee Dong Yeop , Kim Kyu Beom , Park Chan Woo , Kim Hee Reyoung , Lee Kune-Woo
Published: July 2018

A simple one-step approach to fabricating Prussian blue-embedded magnetic hydrogel beads (PB-MHBs) was fabricated for the effective magnetic removal of radioactive cesium (137Cs) from water. Through the simple dropwise addition of a mixed aqueous solution of iron salts, commercial PB and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to an ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solution, the formation of hydrogel beads and the encapsulation of PB in beads were achieved in one pot through the gelation of PVA with in situ-formed iron oxide nanoparticles as the cross-linker. The obtained PB-MHBs, with 43.77 weight % of PB, were stable without releasing PB for up to 2 weeks and could be effectively separated from aqueous solutions by an external magnetic field, which is convenient for the large-scale treatment of Cs-contaminated water. Detailed Cs adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption isotherms and kinetics could be effectively described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order model, respectively. Most importantly, the PB-MHBs exhibited excellent selectivity for 137Cs in 137Cs-contaminated simulated groundwater (55 Bq/g) with a high removal efficiency (>99.5%), and the effective removal of 137Cs from real seawater by these PB-MHBs demonstrated the excellent potential of this material for practical application in the decontamination of 137Cs-contaminated seawater.
Syphilis prevalence trends in adult women in 132 countries – estimations using the Spectrum Sexually Transmitted Infections model
Authors: Korenromp Eline L. , Mahiané S. Guy , Nagelkerke Nico , Taylor Melanie M. , Williams Rebecca , Chico R. Matthew , Pretorius Carel , Abu-Raddad Laith J. , Rowley Jane
Published: July 2018

We estimated national-level trends in the prevalence of probable active syphilis in adult women using the Spectrum Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) model to inform program planning, target-setting, and progress evaluation in STI control. The model fitted smoothed-splines polynomial regressions to data from antenatal clinic surveys and screening and representative household surveys, adjusted for diagnostic test performance and weighted by national coverage. Eligible countries had ≥1 data point from 2010 or later and ≥3 from 2000 or later from adult populations considered representative of the general female population (pregnant women or community-based studies). Between 2012 and 2016, the prevalence of probable active syphilis in women decreased in 54 (41%) of 132 eligible countries; this decrease was substantive (≥10% proportionally, ≥0.10% percentage-point absolute difference and non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals in 2012 and 2016) in 5 countries. Restricting eligible data to prevalence measurements of dual treponemal and non-treponemal testing limited estimates to 85 countries; of these, 45 countries (53%) showed a decrease. These standardized trend estimates highlight the need for increased investment in national syphilis surveillance and control efforts if the World Health Organization target of a 90% reduction in the incidence of syphilis between 2018 and 2030 is to be met.
Dual mode OPV-OLED device with photovoltaic and light-emitting functionalities
Authors: Chiba Takayuki , Kumagai Daichi , Udagawa Kazuo , Watanabe Yuichiro , Kido Junji
Published: July 2018

The rapid development of organic optoelectronic devices such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) is largely attributable to their advantageous properties of their large area, ultrathin thickness, flexiblility, transparency, and solution processability. Herein, we fabricate and characterize a dual mode OPV-OLED device with three-terminal structure comprising a polymer-based bulk-heterojunction inverted OPV unit and a top-emission white phosphorescent OLED unit back-to-back connected via intermediate metal alloy electrode. Sputter-deposited indium tin oxide was used as a transparent cathode of the inverted OPV unit, whereas Ag-doped Al served as a common OPV/OLED anode, allowing the decoupling of electricity generation and light mission functions. Notably, the doping of Al by Ag facilitated the reduction of surface roughness, allowing the above electrode to be used as a common anode and dramatically reducing the leakage current. Finally, the top-emission OLED unit featured an ultrathin layer of Ag-doped Mg as a semitransparent cathode. Thus, successful integration of the OPV-OLED elements results in the decoupling of electricity generation and light emission functionalities, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 3.4% and an external quantum efficiency of 9.9%.
Newcastle disease virus enhances the growth-inhibiting and proapoptotic effects of temozolomide on glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Bai Yang , Chen Yong , Hong Xinyu , Liu Xinrui , Su Xing , Li Shanji , Dong Xuechao , Zhao Gang , Li Yunqian
Published: July 2018

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most serious and most common brain tumor in humans. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis of GBM and the development of new treatments, the prognosis of patients has not improved. Multidrug resistance, particularly resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), is a challenge in combating glioma, and more effective therapies are needed. Complementary treatment with the LaSota strain of the naturally oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV-LaSota) is an innovation. In our experiments, the combination therapy of NDV-LaSota and temozolomide (TMZ) was more effective than either treatment alone in inducing apoptosis in glioma cells. NDV can function as a tumor cell selective approach to inhibit AKT and activate AMPK. Consequently, mTOR, 4EBP1 and S6K were also suppressed. The combination therapy of NDV and TMZ also significantly extended survival in a rat xenograft tumor model. In conclusion, NDV suppress AKT signaling and enhances antitumor effects of TMZ. Our study provides one of the theoretical basis for the use of a combined therapy of TMZ and NDV, which could benefit GBM patients.
Impact of Supratentorial Cerebral Hemorrhage on the Complexity of Heart Rate Variability in Acute Stroke
Authors: Chen Chih-Hao , Tang Sung-Chun , Lee Ding-Yuan , Shieh Jiann-Shing , Lai Dar-Ming , Wu An-Yu , Jeng Jiann-Shing
Published: July 2018

Acute stroke commonly affects cardiac autonomic responses resulting in reduced heart rate variability (HRV). Multiscale entropy (MSE) is a novel non-linear method to quantify the complexity of HRV. This study investigated the influence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) locations and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on the complexity of HRV. We recruited 93 supratentorial ICH patients (male 59%, mean age 61 years), and the locations of ICH included basal ganglia (n = 40), thalamus (n = 35), and lobar (n = 18) group. Continuous one-hour electrocardiography signals were obtained from patients after admission, and the complexity index was defined as the area under the MSE curve. The complexity index was lower in lobar ICH (21.6 ± 7.9) than basal ganglia (27.9 ± 6.4) and thalamus (28.5 ± 7.2) groups. The complexity index was inversely correlated with initial stroke severity (r = −0.26), size of hematoma (r = −0.35) and ICH score (r = −0.26), especially among patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (r = −0.60, −0.60, and −0.41 respectively). A higher complexity can predict a good functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio 1.09, 95% confidence intervals 1.00–1.19) at post-stroke 3 months. In summary, more severe stroke and larger hematoma volume resulted in lower complexity of HRV. Lobar hemorrhage and IVH had great impacts on the cardiac autonomic function.
The immunomodulatory role of sulfated chitosan in BMP-2-mediated bone regeneration
Authors: Shu Yang , Yu Yuanman , Zhang Shuang , Wang Jing , Xiao Yin , Liu Changsheng
Published: July 2018

The immunomodulatory property of biomaterials is vital in determining the in vivo fate of implants and tissue regeneration.
CdZnSe@ZnSe colloidal alloy quantum dots for high-efficiency all-inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Qinghua , Bai Jinke , Zhang Tingting , Nie Chao , Duan Jialong , Tang Qunwei
Published: July 2018

We present here the successful fabrication of core–shell constructed CdZnSe@ZnSe colloidal alloy quantum dots with tunable optical properties using a hot-injection method, demonstrating great potential in photovoltaic devices.
Green applications of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Ajoyan Zvart , Marino Paola , Howarth Ashlee J.
Published: July 2018

MOFs as green materials – a highlight of the environmentally conscious or “green” applications of MOFs.
Molecular chemistry approaches for tuning the properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Bertolazzi Simone , Gobbi Marco , Zhao Yuda , Backes Claudia , Samorì Paolo
Published: July 2018

A variety of molecular chemistry approaches are currently investigated for tailoring the physico-chemical properties of ultrathin transition metal dichalcogenides towards novel hybrid multifunctional materials and devices.
An ultrafast approach for the syntheses of defective nanosized lanthanide perovskites for catalytic toluene oxidation
Authors: Weng Xiaole , Wang Wang Long , Meng Qingjie , Wu Zhongbiao
Published: July 2018

In this article, Sr2+ and/or Fe3+-doped LaMnO3 perovskites were rapidly synthesized using supercritical water (sc-H2O) in a continuous hydrothermal flow reactor.
Photo-induced thiol coupling and C–H activation using nanocrystalline lead-halide perovskite catalysts
Authors: Wu Wen-Bin , Wong Ying-Chieh , Tan Zhi-Kuang , Wu Jie
Published: July 2018

Cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals have been the first time utilized as photocatalysts for organic bond formations.
From monomeric complexes to double-stranded helicates constructed around trans-TiO4N2 motifs with intramolecular inter-ligand hydrogen-bonding interactions
Authors: Khalil Georges , Barloy Laurent , Kyritsakas Nathalie , Mobian Pierre , Henry Marc
Published: July 2018

Monomeric and double-stranded helicates are built from trans-TiO4N2 motifs. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds govern the framework of these species. The strength of these interactions has been investigated.
Highlights on π-systems based on six-membered phosphorus heterocycles
Authors: Regulska Elzbieta , Romero-Nieto Carlos
Published: July 2018

Herein, we highlight relevant π-systems based on six-membered phosphorus heterocycles as well as their potential in bio- and optoelectronic applications.
Enhancement of electrocatalytic abilities for reducing carbon dioxide: functionalization with a redox-active ligand-coordinated metal complex
Authors: Ahsan Habib Md. , Breedlove Brian K. , Piangrawee Santivongskul , Mian Mohammad Rasel , Fetoh Ahmed , Cosquer Goulven , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: July 2018

Attaching a redox-active metal complex to a CO2 reduction electrocatalyst improves the overpotential and turnover frequency towards the reduction of CO2 to CO.
Synthesis and reactivity of titanium- and zirconium-dinitrogen complexes bearing anionic pyrrole-based PNP-type pincer ligands
Authors: Sekiguchi Yoshiya , Meng Fanqiang , Tanaka Hiromasa , Eizawa Aya , Arashiba Kazuya , Nakajima Kazunari , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: July 2018

Dinitrogen-bridged dititanium and dizirconium complexes bearing anionic pyrrole-based PNP-type pincer ligands are prepared and characterized by X-ray analysis.
Energetically efficient electrochemically tunable affinity separation using multicomponent polymeric nanostructures for water treatment
Authors: Mao Xianwen , Tian Wenda , Ren Yinying , Chen Dexin , Curtis Sarah E. , Buss Marjorie T. , Rutledge Gregory C. , Hatton T. Alan
Published: July 2018

We describe a water treatment strategy, electrochemically tunable affinity separation (ETAS), which, unlike other previously developed electrochemical processes, targets uncharged organic pollutants in water.
First-principles stability ranking of molecular crystal polymorphs with the DFT+MBD approach
Authors: Hoja Johannes , Tkatchenko Alexandre
Published: July 2018

We discuss the impact of many-body dispersion effects, exact exchange, and vibrational free energies on a crystal structure prediction procedure applicable to pharmaceutically relevant systems. Furthermore, we show that this procedure is generally robust and the used approximations lead on average to changes of relative stabilities of only 1–2 kJ mol−1.
In vitrodigestion profile and calcium absorption studies of a sea cucumber ovum derived heptapeptide–calcium complex
Authors: Cui Pengbo , Lin Songyi , Jin Ziqi , Zhu Beiwei , Song Liang , Sun Na
Published: July 2018

A novel sea cucumber ovum derived heptapeptide (NDEELNK) could bind one calcium ionviaits carboxyl oxygen and amino nitrogen atoms, and the formed complex underwent disaggregation and self aggregation during simulated gastrointestinal digestion.
Regioselectivity of the Pauson–Khand reaction in single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Martínez Juan Pablo , Vizuete María , Arellano Luis M. , Poater Albert , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Langa Fernando , Solà Miquel
Published: July 2018

Chemical functionalization of nanotubes, in which their properties can be combined with those of other classes of materials, is fundamental to improve the physicochemical properties of nanotubes for potential technological applications.
Transient DNA damage following exposure to gold nanoparticles
Authors: May Sarah , Hirsch Cordula , Rippl Alexandra , Bohmer Nils , Kaiser Jean-Pierre , Diener Liliane , Wichser Adrian , Bürkle Alexander , Wick Peter
Published: July 2018

DNA damage induced by gold nanoparticles is largely repaired over time, indicating that DNA damage is of transient nature.
Atomic layer oxidation on graphene sheets for tuning their oxidation levels, electrical conductivities, and band gaps
Authors: Gu Siyong , Hsieh Chien-Te , Lin Tzu-Wei , Yuan Chun-Yao , Ashraf Gandomi Yasser , Chang Jeng-Kuei , Li Jianlin
Published: July 2018

This work adopts an efficient atomic layer oxidation technique to cyclically increase the oxidation level of graphene sheets, thus, tuning their electrical conductance, band-gap structure, and photoluminescence response.
In situ synthesis and macroscale alignment of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanorods in a polymer matrix
Authors: He Juan , Towers Andrew , Wang Yanan , Yuan Peisen , Jiang Zhang , Chen Jiangshan , Gesquiere Andre J. , Wu Shin-Tson , Dong Yajie
Published: July 2018

Stretch-alignment of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanorods synthesized in situ in a polymer matrix leads to polarized emission.
Activatable magnetic resonance nanosensor as a potential imaging agent for detecting and discriminating thrombosis
Authors: Ta Hang T. , Arndt Nina , Wu Yuao , Lim Hui Jean , Landeen Shea , Zhang Run , Kamato Danielle , Little Peter J. , Whittaker Andrew K. , Xu Zhi Ping
Published: July 2018

MRIT1/T2switchable nanosensor discriminates thrombus age by exhibiting aT1signal on fresh thrombus while showing aT2signal on aged thrombus. The nanosensor is also labelled with 5-TAMRA for optical imaging.
Computational study of the mechanism of amide bond formation via CS2-releasing 1,3-acyl transfer
Authors: Jiang Yuan-Ye , Liu Tian-Tian , Sun Xue , Xu Zhong-Yan , Fan Xia , Zhu Ling , Bi Siwei
Published: July 2018

A systematic computational study on CS2-releasing 1,3-acyl transfer was performed for the first time and provided deeper mechanistic insights.
Molecular diversity of the domino annulation reaction of 2-aryl-3-nitrochromenes with pivaloylacetonitriles
Authors: Jiang Wang , Sun Jing , Liu Ru-Zhang , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: July 2018

In the presence of triethylamine, the domino annulation reaction of two molecules of pivaloylacetonitrile with one molecule of 2-aryl-3-nitrochromene in tetrahydrofuran resulted in the unprecedented imino-substituted dihydrofuro[2,3-c]chromene derivatives in high yields.
Enhanced carbon dioxide capture in an indole-based microporous organic polymer via synergistic effects of indoles and their adjacent carbonyl groups
Authors: Chang Guanjun , Xu Yewei , Zhang Lin , Yang Li
Published: July 2018

A carbonyl-functionalized indole-based microporous organic polymer (PKIN) was designed and synthesized in the presence of the FeCl3 catalyst by a facile direct oxidative coupling reaction.
LiFeTiO4/CNTs composite as a cathode material with high cycling stability for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Meng-Han , Ma Ze , Xue Huai-Guo , Guo Sheng-Ping
Published: July 2018

LiFeTiO4/CNTs obtained via solid state reactions demonstrates a highest initial capacity of 465.7 mA h g−1 and a capacity of 202.4 mA h g−1 can be maintained after 100 cycles at 0.1C.
Enrichment of soybean dietary fiber and protein fortified rice grain by dry flour extrusion cooking: the physicochemical, pasting, taste, palatability, cooking and starch digestibility properties
Authors: Liu Xia , Zhao Jiafeng , Zhang Xin , Li Yuan , Zhao Juan , Li Tongtong , Zhou Boyang , Yang Hongyuan , Qiao Liping
Published: July 2018

With the prevalence of chronic conditions in patients due to a dietary imbalance, the demand for inexpensive, nutritious and high dietary fiber extruded rice is increasing rapidly.
Enhanced bioconversion of hydrogen and carbon dioxide to methane using a micro-nano sparger system: mass balance and energy consumption
Authors: Liu Ye , Wang Ying , Wen Xinlei , Shimizu Kazuya , Lei Zhongfang , Kobayashi Motoyoshi , Zhang Zhenya , Sumi Ikuhiro , Yao Yasuko , Mogi Yasuhiro
Published: July 2018

Simultaneous CO2removal with renewable biofuel production can be achieved by methanogens through conversion of CO2and H2into CH4. However, the low gas–liquid mass transfer (kLa) of H2limits the commercial application of this bioconversion.
Preparation of carbon-based hybrid particles and their application in microcellular foaming and flame-retardant materials
Authors: He Zhicai , Zhao Zhengping , Xiao Shengwei , Yang Jintao , Zhong Mingqiang
Published: July 2018

Polymeric microcellular foams with high strength and light weight are very important for industrial applications.
Up-regulation of exosomal miR-125a in pneumoconiosis inhibits lung cancer development by suppressing expressions of EZH2 and hnRNPK
Authors: Zhang Lin , Li Jiangfeng , Hao Changfu , Guo Wei , Wang Di , Zhang Jianhui , Zhao Youliang , Duan Shuyin , Yao Wu
Published: July 2018

Exosomal miR-125a may act as a bridge between pneumoconiosis and lung cancer.
Isolation of nitrate-reducing bacteria from an offshore reservoir and the associated biosurfactant production
Authors: Fan Fuqiang , Zhang Baiyu , Morrill Penny L. , Husain Tahir
Published: July 2018

Biosurfactant producing nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) in anaerobic reservoir environments are closely associated with souring (H2S) control in the offshore oil and gas industry.
Hierarchical NiO nanobelt film array as an anode for lithium-ion batteries with enhanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Hu Ning , Tang Zheng , Shen Pei Kang
Published: July 2018

In this study, an ultrathin 2-dimensional hierarchical nickel oxide nanobelt film array was successfully assembled and grown on a Ni substrate as a binder-free electrode material for lithium ion batteries.
A wide-range operating synaptic device based on organic ferroelectricity with low energy consumption
Authors: Tu Li , Yuan Sijian , Xu Jiawei , Yang Kunlong , Wang Pengfei , Cui Xiaolei , Zhang Xin , Wang Jiao , Zhan Yi-Qiang , Zheng Li-Rong
Published: July 2018

The two-terminal synaptic device based on organic ferroelectricity with low energy consumption can provide reliable synaptic function.
Decorating a single giant DNA with gold nanoparticles
Authors: Carnerero Jose M. , Masuoka Shinsuke , Baba Hikari , Yoshikawa Yuko , Prado-Gotor Rafael , Yoshikawa Kenichi
Published: July 2018

We decorated a single giant DNA (1.66 × 105base pairs) with gold nanoparticles through the simple procedure of mild warming, without denaturation of the DNA molecule.
Room-temperature synthesis of near-ultraviolet light-excited Tb3+-doped NaBiF4 green-emitting nanoparticles for solid-state lighting
Authors: Du Peng , Hua Yongbin , Yu Jae Su
Published: July 2018

We reported a facile reaction technique to prepare Tb3+-doped NaBiF4 green-emitting nanoparticles at room temperature.
Flipped classroom use in chemistry education: results from a survey of postsecondary faculty members
Authors: Srinivasan Shalini , Gibbons Rebecca E. , Murphy Kristen L. , Raker Jeffrey
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study is to offer a current snapshot of flipped classroom use in postsecondary chemistry education. Data from a national survey of chemistry faculty members in the United States formed the basis of an investigation into the instructional contexts in which flipped classroom pedagogies are employed in postsecondary chemistry education. Our results reveal an association between flipped classroom use and the level at which a course is taught; in addition, our results provide support for the utility of flipped classrooms as a means for incorporation of pedagogical practices focused on active and collaborative learning.
Multi-omics and temporal dynamics profiling reveal disruption of central metabolism inHelicobacter pylorion bismuth treatment
Authors: Han Bingjie , Zhang Zhen , Xie Yanxuan , Hu Xuqiao , Wang Haibo , Xia Wei , Wang Yulan , Li Hongyan , Wang Yuchuan , Sun Hongzhe
Published: July 2018

Integration of multi-omics analyses uncovers the dynamic responses ofH. pyloriupon bismuth treatment.
A synergistic LUMO lowering strategy using Lewis acid catalysis in water to enable photoredox catalytic, functionalizing C–C cross-coupling of styrenes
Authors: Speckmeier Elisabeth , Fuchs Patrick J. W. , Zeitler Kirsten
Published: July 2018

Synergistic LUMO activation by water and lanthanide Lewis acids allows for photocatalyzed C–O bond breaking cross coupling of α-acetoxy carbonyl compounds with styrenes.
meta-C–H arylation of fluoroarenes via traceless directing group relay strategy
Authors: Font Marc , Spencer Andrew R. A. , Larrosa Igor
Published: July 2018

The first example of direct meta-C–H arylation of fluoroarenes to provide valuable meta-fluorobiaryls is achieved by exploiting CO2 as a transient directing group that enables complete regiochemical control of the arylation event.
Catalyst-dependent selectivity in sulfonium ylide cycloisomerization reactions
Authors: Oost Rik , Neuhaus James D. , Misale Antonio , Meyrelles Ricardo , Veiros Luís F. , Maulide Nuno
Published: July 2018

An unusual example of π-acid catalyst-dependent selectivity in the cycloisomerization of alkene-tethered sulfonium ylides affords cyclopropanes or dihydrofurans with excellent control of chemoselectivity.
Edges impose planar alignment in nematic monolayers by directing cell elongation and enhancing migration
Authors: Bade Nathan D. , Kamien Randall D. , Assoian Richard K. , Stebe Kathleen J.
Published: July 2018

The impact of non-adhesive edges on the emergence of nematic order in confluent monolayers of elongated fibroblasts is investigated.
Quaternized aryl ether-free polyaromatics for alkaline membrane fuel cells: synthesis, properties, and performance – a topical review
Authors: Park Eun Joo , Kim Yu Seung
Published: July 2018

This review article presents the recent progress in the area of synthesis of quaternized aryl ether-free polyaromatics for alkaline membrane fuel cells.
A hydrophobic surface enabled salt-blocking 2D Ti3C2MXene membrane for efficient and stable solar desalination
Authors: Zhao Jianqiu , Yang Yawei , Yang Chenhui , Tian Yapeng , Han Yan , Liu Jie , Yin Xingtian , Que Wenxiu
Published: July 2018

A general strategy for hydrophobic 2D Ti3C2MXene membrane fabrication for efficient and stable solar desalination.
Cancer cell targeting, controlled drug release and intracellular fate of biomimetic membrane-encapsulated drug-loaded nano-graphene oxide nanohybrids
Authors: Ma Kun , Fu Duo , Liu Yajun , Dai Rui , Yu Dongli , Guo Zhaoming , Cui Changhao , Wang Li , Xu Jianqiang , Mao Chuanbin
Published: July 2018

FA-modified nanohybrids, NGO/DOX@SPC-FA, could deliver DOX to cancer cells and tumor tissues with improved delivery and inhibition efficacy.
Function-driven design of stimuli-responsive polymer composites: recent progress and challenges
Authors: Shi Yang , Chen Zheng
Published: July 2018

This paper provides a comprehensive review and understanding of the recent progress in the development of photo-, electrical-, and thermo-responsive composites.
Low‐complexity range and angle two‐dimensional gold‐MUSIC for multi‐carrier frequency MIMO radar
Authors: Xia Mengying , Su Weimin , Gu Hong , Dai Zheng , Li Wenjuan , Yang Jianchao
Published: July 2018

Two‐dimensional (2D) gold multiple signal classification (gold‐MUSIC) is proposed in order to reduce the complexity of MUSIC and make real‐time processing possible for joint range and angle estimation by multi‐carrier frequency multiple‐input multiple‐output radar. 2D gold‐MUSIC evaluates the MUSIC spectrum at coarse intervals, then determines peaks by narrowing the 2D search area iteratively based on a simultaneous gold‐section of range and angle to find accurate localisation of the peaks. The proposed method eliminates huge computation burden caused by a grid‐by‐grid spectral search of classical MUSIC and obtains remarkable resolution in range and angle with no dependence on array configurations. Numerical studies demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Energy‐efficient scheduling and power control via stochastic network optimisation in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Liu Jain‐Shing , Wong Yung‐Chang
Published: July 2018

In this work, the authors consider a joint scheduling and power control problem via stochastic network optimisation in interweave cognitive radio networks subject to an energy‐efficiency (EE) constraint, scheduling constraints, and power constraints, which is solved by traffic admission control, channel allocation, and power allocation. The authors' objective is to maximise the total utility of secondary user equipment, while satisfying the minimum throughput requirement of primal user equipment, the EE requirement, and the performance requirement. In particular, their optimisation on the stochastic system is obtained by using the Lyapunov drift‐plus‐penalty framework to deal with the time‐varying channels and traffics so that the long‐term stability on the data queues and virtual queues involved can be guaranteed. Given that, the scheduling algorithm is conducted with polynomial time efficiency, and despite the system to dynamically vary its power, the power control algorithms as well as the admission control proposed are simply threshold‐based and thus very computationally efficient. Finally, in addition to the theoretical analysis, their simulation studies further confirm the performance trade‐off between throughput and delay as with a system parameter V, and also show the trade‐off between throughput and EE, while satisfying all the requirements concerned.
Distributed secondary control of battery energy storage systems in a stand‐alone microgrid
Authors: Shotorbani Amin Mohammadpour , Mohammadi‐Ivatloo Behnam , Wang Liwei , Ghassem‐Zadeh Saeid , Hosseini Seyed Hossein
Published: July 2018

The conventional hierarchical control in an islanded microgrid (MG) does not consider the long time‐span dynamics of distributed storages (DSs). The main challenge in control of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) is different levels of stored energy in terms of state of charge (SoC). In power droop control, the energy of the BESSs with lower initial SoC is drained earlier, and their capacities become unachievable. Moreover, using droop control to balance the SoC of BESSs, deviates the steady state frequency and voltage from the nominal values. However, restoration of the MG frequency employing the conventional distributed secondary controllers disturbs SoC‐balancing, since SoC of BESSs are ignored. In this paper, a new distributed storage secondary controller (DSSC) scheme is designed for restoration of the voltage and frequency of a stand‐alone MG, and to provide power‐sharing and SoC‐balancing, using a distributed cooperative architecture. The cooperative DSs are controllable and exchange the information with neighbor DSs through a communication network. The unknown output power of the uncooperative renewable distributed generation (DG) is considered as external disturbance to the DSSC. The designed DSSC is robust against the variation of the communication configuration, and eliminates the necessity to communicate with uncontrollable DGs and loads.
Two‐step evidential fusion approach for accurate breast region segmentation in mammograms
Authors: Lajili Rihab , Kalti Karim , Touil Asma , Solaiman Basel , Essoukri Ben Amara Najoua
Published: July 2018

In mammograms, the breast skin line often appears ambiguous and poorly defined. This is mainly due to the breast organ compression during the image acquisition process along with the inherent low density of the tissue in that area. The accurate delimitation of the breast region becomes a challenging task to conventional segmentation techniques. In this study, the authors propose a new segmentation approach allowing to overcome this challenge. This approach is based on the application of two complementary segmentation techniques exploring each, respectively, the grey‐scale intensities and the local‐homogeneity domains. The knowledge resulting from each segmentation technique is considered as a knowledge source and is modelled using the belief functions formalism. The two considered knowledge sources are then fused using an iterative process. The obtained results show the efficiency of the proposed evidential approach especially in terms of ambiguity removal and decision quality improvement for accurate breast border delimitation (which is often under‐segmented and assimilated to the background by most of the existing segmentation techniques).
Investigation of older driver's takeover performance in highly automated vehicles in adverse weather conditions
Authors: Li Shuo , Blythe Phil , Guo Weihong , Namdeo Anil
Published: July 2018

Driving is important for older people to maintain mobility. To reduce age‐related functional decline, older drivers may adjust their driving by avoiding difficult situations. One of these situations is driving in adverse weather conditions such as in the rain, snow and fog which reduce the visual clarity of the road ahead. The upcoming highly automated vehicle (HAV) has the potential of supporting older people. However, only limited work has been done to study older drivers’ interaction with HAV, especially in adverse weather conditions. This study investigates the effect of age and weather on takeover control performance among drivers from HAV. A driving simulation study with 76 drivers has been implemented. The participants took over the vehicle control from HAV under four weather conditions clear weather, rain, snow and fog, where the time and quality of the takeover control are quantified and measured. Results show age did affect the takeover time (TOT) and quality. Moreover, adverse weather conditions, especially snow and fog, lead to a longer TOT and worst takeover quality. The results highlighted that a user‐centred design of human–machine interaction would have the potential to facilitate a safe interaction with HAV under the adverse weather for older drivers.
Fast imaging algorithm for the multiple receiver synthetic aperture sonars
Authors: Zhang Xuebo , Dai Xuntao , Yang Bo
Published: July 2018

For the multiple receiver synthetic aperture sonar, traditional fast imaging algorithms are limited by the approximation of the point target reference spectrum (PTRS). To solve this problem, a novel imaging algorithm based on a new PTRS is proposed in this study. With the presented method, the matched filtering function in the azimuth dimension must be first derived. Then, the range–azimuth coupling phase is obtained by using the difference between the PTRS and the matched filtering function in the azimuth dimension. To perform the decoupling between the range dimension and the azimuth dimension, the bulk range cell migration correction (RCMC) and the differential RCMC based on the range‐dependent sub‐block processing method are used. Compared to traditional methods, the new method avoids the complicated series expansion. Furthermore, it can handle the general case with the explicit point of the stationary phase. Processing results of the simulated data and the real data indicate that the high‐performance results can be got by using the presented method. Moreover, it further shows that the presented method is very suitable for the wide‐swath imagery.
Spectral fitting method for designing radar sequence with spectral nulling and correlation constraints
Authors: Wu Hao , Wang Qing , Zhou Liang , Meng Jin
Published: July 2018

In this study, the authors consider the radar sequence generation problem, where the sequence is required to possess the spectral nulling and low‐correlation levels in crowded electromagnetic environments. The design problem of the sequence with the desired spectrum and correlation properties is formulated as the minimisation of the difference between the true ones and the desired ones, respectively. Then a spectral fitting method is proposed to solve it, by applying the time‐frequency transformation. The proposed method is based solely on fast Fourier transform operations, thus it is computationally efficient. An extension to sequence sets design is also presented. Numerical simulations indicate that, compared with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, the proposed method can achieve better or identical results with greatly reduced running time.
Reliable detection and characterization of low-frequency polarized sources in the LOFAR M51 field
Authors: Neld A. , Horellou C. , Mulcahy D. D. , Beck R. , Bourke S. , Carozzi T. D. , Chyży K. T. , Conway J. E. , Farnes J. S. , Fletcher A. , Haverkorn M. , Heald G. , Horneffer A. , Nikiel-Wroczyński B. , Paladino R. , Sridhar S. S. , Van Eck C. L.
Published: July 2018

Context.The new generation of broad-band radio continuum surveys will provide large data sets with polarization information. New algorithms need to be developed to extract reliable catalogs of linearly polarized sources that can be used to characterize those sources and produce a dense rotation measure (RM) grid to probe magneto-ionized structures along the line of sight via Faraday rotation.

Aims.The aim of the paper is to develop a computationally efficient and rigorously defined source-finding algorithm for linearly polarized sources.

Methods.We used a calibrated data set from the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) at 150 MHz centered on the nearby galaxy M 51 to search for polarized background sources. With a new imaging software, we re-imaged the field at a resolution of 18″ × 15″ and cataloged a total of about 3000 continuum sources within 2.5° of the center of M 51. We made small StokesQandUimages centered on each source brighter than 100 mJy in total intensity (201 sources) and used RM synthesis to create corresponding Faraday cubes that were analyzed individually. For each source, the noise distribution function was determined from a subset of the measurements at high Faraday depths where no polarization is expected; the peaks in polarized intensity in the Faraday spectrum were identified and thep-value of each source was calculated. Finally, the false discovery rate method was applied to the list ofp-values to produce a list of polarized sources and quantify the reliability of the detections. We also analyzed sources fainter than 100 mJy but that were reported as polarized in the literature at at least another radio frequency.

Results.Of the 201 sources that were searched for polarization, six polarized sources were detected confidently (with a false discovery rate of 5%). This corresponds to a number density of one polarized source per 3.3 square degrees, or 0.3 source per square degree. Increasing the false discovery rate to 50% yields 19 sources. A majority of the sources have a morphology that is indicative of them being double-lobed radio galaxies, and the ones with literature redshift measurements have 0.5 < z < 1.0.

Conclusions.We find that this method is effective in identifying polarized sources, and is well suited for LOFAR observations. In the future, we intend to develop it further and apply it to larger data sets such as the LOFAR Two-meter Survey of the whole northern sky, LOTSS, and the ongoing deep LOFAR observations of the GOODS-North field.
Planetary nebula distances in Gaia DR2
Authors: Kimeswenger S. , Barría D.
Published: July 2018

Context. Planetary nebula distance scales often suffer from model-dependent solutions. Model-independent trigonometric parallaxes have been rare. Space-based trigonometric parallaxes are now available for a larger sample using the second Data Release of Gaia.

Aims. We aim to derive a high-quality approach for selection criteria of trigonometric parallaxes for planetary nebulae and discuss possible caveats and restrictions in the use of this Data Release.

Methods. A few hundred sources from previous distance scale surveys were manually cross-identified with data from the second Gaia Data Release (DR2) because coordinate-based matching does not work reliably. The data were compared with the results of previous distance scales and to the results of a recent similar study that used the first Data Release Gaia DR1.

Results. While the few available previous ground-based trigonometric parallaxes as well as those obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope perfectly match the new data sets, older statistical distance scales, reaching larger distances, do show small systematic differences. When we restrict the comparison to the central stars for which the photometric colors of Gaia show a negligible contamination by the surrounding nebula, the difference is negligible for statistical distances based on radio flux, while those derived from Hα surface brightness still show minor differences. The DR2 study significantly improves the previous recalibration of the statistical distance scales using DR1/TGAS.
Phytotherapie und Naturheilverfahren in der Ausbildung von Medizinern und Pharmazeuten
Authors: Erfurth Patrick
Published: July 2018

In Deutschland erfreuen sich naturheilkundliche Behandlungsverfahren einer großen Beliebtheit bei der Bevölkerung. Da die ersten Ansprechpartner für die Empfehlung von und die Beratung über auf Naturheilmittel Ärzte und Apotheker sind, stellt sich die Frage, ob und in welchem Umfang diese Berufsgruppen durch ihre universitäre Ausbildung genügend Kenntnisse über die entsprechenden Behandlungsverfahren und die verwendeten Mittel erhalten, welche Kenntnisse dies sind und ob hier gegebenenfalls Optimierungsbedarf besteht. Diese Fragen sollen in der nachfolgenden Ausarbeitung näher untersucht werden.
Evaluation of Exponential ADC (eADC) and Computed DWI (cDWI) for the Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sprinkart Alois , Marx Christian , Träber Frank , Block Wolfgang , Thomas Daniel , Schild Hans , Kukuk Guido , Mürtz Petra
Published: July 2018

Purpose To directly compare different methods proposed for enhanced conspicuity and discriminability of prostate cancer on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and to compare the results to original DWI images and conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps.

Materials and Methods Clinical routine prostate DWI datasets (b = 0, 50, 800 s/mm², acquired at a field strength of 3 T) of 104 consecutive patients with subsequent MR-guided prostate biopsy were included in this retrospective study. For each dataset exponential ADC maps (eADC), computed DWI images (cDWI), and additionally eADC maps for computed b-values of 2000 and 3000 s/mm² were generated (c_eADC). For each of 123 lesions, the contrast (CR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were determined. Differences in the CR and CNR of malignant lesions (n = 83) between the different image types and group differences between benign (n = 40), low-risk (n = 53) and high-risk (n = 30) lesions were assessed by repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests. The ability to differentiate between benign and malignant and between low-risk and high-risk lesions was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.

Results The CR and CNR were higher for computed DWI and related c_eADC at b = 3000 s/mm² and 2000 s/mm² compared to original DWI, conventional ADC and standard eADC. For differentiation of benign and malignant lesions, conventional ADC and CR of conventional ADC were best suited. For discrimination of low-risk from high-risk lesions, the CR of c_eADC was best suited followed by the CR of cDWI.

Conclusion Computed cDWI or related c_eADC maps at b-values between 2000 and 3000 s/mm2 were superior to the original DWI, conventional ADC and eADC in the detection of prostate cancer.

Key Points 

Citation Format
Operative Therapie einer persistierenden palmaren Luxation im distalen Radioulnargelenk bei floridem CRPS – 2 klinische
Fälle
Authors: Unglaub Frank , Spies Christian Karl
Published: July 2018

Es werden im Folgenden zwei Fälle vorgestellt mit persistierender palmarer Luxation im distalen Radioulnargelenk (DRUG) und Entwicklung eines konsekutiven
floriden komplexen regionalen Schmerzsyndroms (CRPS). Beide Luxationen wurden schlussendlich durch eine Operation nach Bowers unter Plexuskatheteranlage und
intravenöser Vitamin-C-Gabe therapiert. Nach erfolgter Operation verbesserte sich die Funktion des Handgelenks erheblich und die CRPS-Symptomatik war bereits
nach wenigen Wochen nicht mehr nachweisbar.
Die in Fehlstellung verheilte distale Radiusfraktur – extraartikuläre Korrekturen ohne Knochentransplantation
Authors: Pillukat Thomas , Mühldorfer-Fodor Marion , van Schoonhoven Jörg , Prommersberger Karl-Josef
Published: July 2018

Hintergrund: Bei aufklappenden Osteotomien am distalen Radius steigern Knochentransplantate die initiale Stabilität und fördern die Knochenneubildung,
sind jedoch nicht selten mit Beschwerden und Komplikationen an der Entnahmestelle verbunden. Vorhergehende Studien sprechen dafür, dass Knochentransplantate
unnötig sein könnten.

Patienten und Methoden: Zwischen 2013 und 2016 wurde bei 19 Patienten mit einer symptomatischen, in Extension fehlverheilten extraartikulären distalen
Radiusfraktur eine Korrekturosteotomie unter Einsatz einer palmaren winkelstabilen Platte ohne zusätzliche Knochentransplantation durchgeführt. 3 Patienten
schieden wegen implantat-bezogener Komplikationen vorzeitig aus der Studie aus. Eine Patientin verweigerte die Nachuntersuchung.

Ergebnisse: 12 Patienten (7 weibliche und 5 männliche) zeigten eine vollständige Remodellierung des Defektes nach 5,5 ± 3,5 (1,5- 13) Monaten. Die
dorsopalmare Inklination verbesserte sich signifikant von durchschnittlich 17 auf -1 Grad, der DASH-Score von 41 ± 26 (7–94) Punkten auf 26 ± 25 (0–75) Punkte.
Radioulnare Inklination, Ulnavarianz und Schmerzniveau zeigten nur leichte, nicht signifikante Verbesserungen. Bewegungsumfang und Grobkraft verbesserten sich
nicht. Drei weibliche Patienten zeigten nach 10 ± 3 (6–12) Monaten keine Remodellierung. Im modifizierten Mayo wrist Score wurden 1 befriedigendes und 2
unbefriedigende Ergebnisse erzielt. Eine dieser Patientinnen unterzog sich einer Reoperation mit Beckenkammspantransplantation Obwohl die Remodellierung nur bei
weiblichen Patienten ausblieb fand sich statistisch sich keine signifikante Abhängigkeit der knöchernen Heilung von Geschlecht, Alter zum Zeitpunkt der
Operation oder Defektgröße. In der Gruppe mit Ausheilung zeigte sich keine Korrelation zwischen der Zeitdauer bis zur knöcherne Heilung und dem Geschlecht,
sowie dem Alter zum Zeitpunkt der Operation als auch der Größe des Osteotomiespaltes dorsal. Eine Korrelation bestand hingegen zwischen dem Ausheilungsintervall
und der Größe des Osteotomiespaltes palmar.

Schlussfolgerungen: Nach aufklappender Osteotomie am distalen Radius kann eine Remodellierung ohne Auffüllung des Defektes durch ein Knochentransplantat
eintreten. Da die knöcherne Heilung im Einzelfall nicht vorhersagbar ist und mehr als 12 Monate benötigen kann, werden wir im eigenen Vorgehen weiterhin Knochen
transplantieren.
Comparison of the Effects of Heparin and Hirudin on Thrombin Binding to the Normal and the De-Endothelialized Rabbit Aorta In Vitro
Authors: Hatton Mark W C , Moar Susan L
Published: July 2018

The properties of heparin and hirudin to inhibit thrombin from binding to the freshly-excised rabbit aorta wall were compared in vitro. When aorta segments were incubated with 125I-thrombin (4.4 ± 0.4 nM) in the presence of heparin or hirudin, both anticoagulants inhibited 125I-thrombin binding to the endothelium in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50: 0.1 USP U heparin/ml; 0.1 ATU hirudin/ml). Endothelium-bound 125I-thrombin was displaced by either heparin (50% liberated at 4.1 U/ml) or hirudin (0.4 U/ml). Using de-endothelialized aortas, heparin inhibited thrombin binding by the exposed subendothelium (IC50: 1.8 U/ml) whereas hirudin was without effect. Neither heparin nor hirudin was able to significantly liberate thrombin bound to the exposed subendothelium. These observations suggest that both heparin and hirudin mask the binding site on thrombin to the endothelial cell membrane. A separate site on thrombin must bind to the subendothelium because only heparin inhibits binding. Thrombin, although bound reversibly to the endothelium, is bound irreversibly to the exposed subendothelium due, probably, to reaction with endogenous extracellular antithrombin activities (e.g. antithrombin-III, protease nexin-1).