bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Performance on Drought Mitigation of Soil Slope Through Bio‐Approach of MICP: Evidence and Insight from Both Field and Laboratory Tests
Authors: Ji Xin‐Lun , Tang Chao‐Sheng , Pan Xiao‐Hua , Cai Zhao‐Lin , Liu Bo , Wang Dian‐Long
Published: July 2024

Drought is a serious global environmental issue that causes water resource scarcity and threatens agriculture and food supplements. This study aims to investigate the long‐term performance of an eco‐friendly technique‐microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) on drought mitigation at field and laboratory scales. Seven in‐situ slopes treated with different MICP rounds and cementation solution concentrations were subjected to 16‐month weathering. Tests were conducted to evaluate the evaporation characteristics, water retention capacity, and CaCO3 distribution. Laboratory soil samples were further prepared to provide evidence related to underlying weathering mechanisms. The results show that MICP has a time‐dependent performance on drought mitigation. After MICP treatment, soil performs a remarkable evaporation suppression ability and the evaporation rate can decrease by 50%. This is attributed to the soluble salts which increase soil water retention capability and dense hard crust which inhibits water vapor migration into the atmosphere. However, the soluble salts and crust are sensitive to weathering thus leading to degradation of MICP. Suffering 16‐month weathering, the MICP‐induced CaCO3 decreases by more than 60%. The evaporation rate of soil increases with MICP rounds and cementation solution concentrations and can reach nearly two times of untreated soil. MICP‐treated field soil exhibits weaker water retention capacity than untreated soil because MICP alters soil microstructure which expands macropores and decreases volume of micropores. Connected macropores act as favorable evaporation channels and accelerate evaporation. To ensure MICP long‐term effects, periodical treatments are necessary. The most effective MICP treatment scheme is four to six treatment rounds and 1.0 M cementation solution.
AXDND1 is required to balance spermatogonial commitment and for sperm tail formation in mice and humans
Authors: Houston Brendan J. , Nguyen Joseph , Merriner D. Jo , O’Connor Anne E. , Lopes Alexandra M. , Nagirnaja Liina , Friedrich Corinna , Kliesch Sabine , Tüttelmann Frank , Aston Kenneth I. , Conrad Donald F. , Hobbs Robin M. , Dunleavy Jessica E. M. , O’Bryan Moira K.
Published: July 2024

Dynein complexes are large, multi-unit assemblies involved in many biological processes via their critical roles in protein transport and axoneme motility. Using next-generation sequencing of infertile men presenting with low or no sperm in their ejaculates, we identified damaging variants in the dynein-related gene AXDND1. We thus hypothesised that AXDND1 is a critical regulator of male fertility. To test this hypothesis, we produced a knockout mouse model. Axdnd1−/− males were sterile at all ages but presented with an evolving testis phenotype wherein they could undergo one round of histologically replete spermatogenesis followed by a rapid depletion of the seminiferous epithelium. Marker experiments identified a role for AXDND1 in maintaining the balance between differentiation-committed and self-renewing spermatogonial populations, resulting in disproportionate production of differentiating cells in the absence of AXDND1 and increased sperm production during initial spermatogenic waves. Moreover, long-term spermatogonial maintenance in the Axdnd1 knockout was compromised, ultimately leading to catastrophic germ cell loss, destruction of blood–testis barrier integrity and immune cell infiltration. In addition, sperm produced during the first wave of spermatogenesis were immotile due to abnormal axoneme structure, including the presence of ectopic vesicles and abnormalities in outer dense fibres and microtubule doublet structures. Sperm output was additionally compromised by a severe spermiation defect and abnormal sperm individualisation. Collectively these data identify AXDND1 as an atypical dynein complex-related protein with a role in protein/vesicle transport of relevance to spermatogonial function and sperm tail formation in mice and humans. This study underscores the importance of studying the consequences of gene loss-of-function on both the establishment and maintenance of male fertility.
Increased ONECUT2 induced by Helicobacter pylori promotes gastric cancer cell stemness via an AKT-related pathway
Authors: Lin Mi , Tu Ru-Hong , Wu Sheng-Ze , Zhong Qing , Weng Kai , Wu Yu-Kai , Lin Guang-Tan , Wang Jia-Bin , Zheng Chao-Hui , Xie Jian-Wei , Lin Jian-Xian , Chen Qi-Yue , Huang Chang-Ming , Cao Long-Long , Li Ping
Published: July 2024

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection initiates and promotes gastric carcinogenesis. ONECUT2 shows promise for tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This study explored ONECUT2’s role and the specific mechanism underlying HP infection-associated gastric carcinogenesis to suggest a basis for targeting ONECUT2 as a therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer (GC). Multidimensional data supported an association between ONECUT2, HP infection, and GC pathogenesis. HP infection upregulated ONECUT2 transcriptional activity via NFκB. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that ONECUT2 increased the stemness of GC cells. ONECUT2 was also shown to inhibit PPP2R4 transcription, resulting in reduced PP2A activity, which in turn increased AKT/β-catenin phosphorylation. AKT/β-catenin phosphorylation facilitates β-catenin translocation to the nucleus, initiating transcription of downstream stemness-associated genes in GC cells. HP infection upregulated the reduction of AKT and β-catenin phosphorylation triggered by ONECUT2 downregulation via ONECUT2 induction. Clinical survival analysis indicated that high ONECUT2 expression may indicate poor prognosis in GC. This study highlights a critical role played by ONECUT2 in promoting HP infection-associated GC by enhancing cell stemness through the PPP2R4/AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings suggest promising therapeutic strategies and potential targets for GC treatment.
Biological impact and therapeutic implication of tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Deming , Zhang Ting , Guo Ye , Bi Cong , Liu Ming , Wang Gang
Published: July 2024

The tumor microenvironment is a complex space comprised of normal, cancer and immune cells. The macrophages are considered as the most abundant immune cells in tumor microenvironment and their function in tumorigenesis is interesting. Macrophages can be present as M1 and M2 polarization that show anti-cancer and oncogenic activities, respectively. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) mainly have M2 polarization and they increase tumorigenesis due to secretion of factors, cytokines and affecting molecular pathways. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among predominant tumors of liver that in spite of understanding its pathogenesis, the role of tumor microenvironment in its progression still requires more attention. The presence of TAMs in HCC causes an increase in growth and invasion of HCC cells and one of the reasons is induction of glycolysis that such metabolic reprogramming makes HCC distinct from normal cells and promotes its malignancy. Since M2 polarization of TAMs stimulates tumorigenesis in HCC, molecular networks regulating M2 to M1 conversion have been highlighted and moreover, drugs and compounds with the ability of targeting TAMs and suppressing their M2 phenotypes or at least their tumorigenesis activity have been utilized. TAMs increase aggressive behavior and biological functions of HCC cells that can result in development of therapy resistance. Macrophages can provide cell–cell communication in HCC by secreting exosomes having various types of biomolecules that transfer among cells and change their activity. Finally, non-coding RNA transcripts can mainly affect polarization of TAMs in HCC.
Single-shot laser-driven neutron resonance spectroscopy for temperature profiling
Authors: Lan Zechen , Arikawa Yasunobu , Mirfayzi Seyed Reza , Morace Alessio , Hayakawa Takehito , Sato Hirotaka , Kamiyama Takashi , Wei Tianyun , Tatsumi Yuta , Koizumi Mitsuo , Abe Yuki , Fujioka Shinsuke , Mima Kunioki , Kodama Ryosuke , Yogo Akifumi
Published: July 2024

The temperature measurement of material inside of an object is one of the key technologies for control of dynamical processes. For this purpose, various techniques such as laser-based thermography and phase-contrast imaging thermography have been studied. However, it is, in principle, impossible to measure the temperature of an element inside of an object using these techniques. One of the possible solutions is measurements of Doppler brooding effect in neutron resonance absorption (NRA). Here we present a method to measure the temperature of an element or an isotope inside of an object using NRA with a single neutron pulse of approximately 100 ns width provided from a high-power laser. We demonstrate temperature measurements of a tantalum (Ta) metallic foil heated from the room temperature up to 617 K. Although the neutron energy resolution is fluctuated from shot to shot, we obtain the temperature dependence of resonance Doppler broadening using a reference of a silver (Ag) foil kept to the room temperature. A free gas model well reproduces the results. This method enables element(isotope)-sensitive thermometry to detect the instantaneous temperature rise in dynamical processes.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals plasmid constrains bacterial population heterogeneity and identifies a non-conjugating subpopulation
Authors: Cyriaque Valentine , Ibarra-Chávez Rodrigo , Kuchina Anna , Seelig Georg , Nesme Joseph , Madsen Jonas Stenløkke
Published: July 2024

Transcriptional heterogeneity in isogenic bacterial populations can play various roles in bacterial evolution, but its detection remains technically challenging. Here, we use microbial split-pool ligation transcriptomics to study the relationship between bacterial subpopulation formation and plasmid-host interactions at the single-cell level. We find that single-cell transcript abundances are influenced by bacterial growth state and plasmid carriage. Moreover, plasmid carriage constrains the formation of bacterial subpopulations. Plasmid genes, including those with core functions such as replication and maintenance, exhibit transcriptional heterogeneity associated with cell activity. Notably, we identify a cell subpopulation that does not transcribe conjugal plasmid transfer genes, which may help reduce plasmid burden on a subset of cells. Our study advances the understanding of plasmid-mediated subpopulation dynamics and provides insights into the plasmid-bacteria interplay.
Therapeutic potential of the secreted Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor SPINK4 in colitis
Authors: Wang Ying , Han Jing , Yang Guang , Zheng Shuhui , Zhou Gaoshi , Liu Xinjuan , Cao Xiaocang , Li Guang , Zhang Bowen , Xie Zhuo , Li Li , Zhang Mudan , Li Xiaoling , Chen Minhu , Zhang Shenghong
Published: July 2024

Mucus injury associated with goblet cell (GC) depletion constitutes an early event in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using single-cell sequencing to detect critical events in mucus dysfunction, we discover that the Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor SPINK4 is dynamically regulated in colitic intestine in parallel with disease activities. Under chemically induced colitic conditions, the grim status in Spink4-conditional knockout mice is successfully rescued by recombinant murine SPINK4. Notably, its therapeutic potential is synergistic with existing TNF-α inhibitor infliximab in colitis treatment. Mechanistically, SPINK4 promotes GC differentiation using a Kazal-like motif to modulate EGFR-Wnt/β-catenin and -Hippo pathways. Microbiota-derived diacylated lipoprotein Pam2CSK4 triggers SPINK4 production. We also show that monitoring SPINK4 in circulation is a reliable noninvasive technique to distinguish IBD patients from healthy controls and assess disease activity. Thus, SPINK4 serves as a serologic biomarker of IBD and has therapeutic potential for colitis via intrinsic EGFR activation in intestinal homeostasis.
High-efficiency dysprosium-ion extraction enabled by a biomimetic nanofluidic channel
Authors: Xin Weiwen , Cui Yanglansen , Qian Yongchao , Liu Tianchi , Kong Xiang-Yu , Ling Haoyang , Chen Weipeng , Zhang Zhehua , Hu Yuhao , Jiang Lei , Wen Liping
Published: July 2024

Biological ion channels exhibit high selectivity and permeability of ions because of their asymmetrical pore structures and surface chemistries. Here, we demonstrate a biomimetic nanofluidic channel (BNC) with an asymmetrical structure and glycyl-L-proline (GLP) -functionalization for ultrafast, selective, and unidirectional Dy3+ extraction over other lanthanide (Ln3+) ions with very similar electronic configurations. The selective extraction mainly depends on the amplified chemical affinity differences between the Ln3+ ions and GLPs in nanoconfinement. In particular, the conductivities of Ln3+ ions across the BNC even reach up to two orders of magnitude higher than in a bulk solution, and a high Dy3+/Nd3+ selectivity of approximately 60 could be achieved. The designed BNC can effectively extract Dy3+ ions with ultralow concentrations and thereby purify Nd3+ ions to an ultimate content of 99.8 wt.%, which contribute to the recycling of rare earth resources and environmental protection. Theoretical simulations reveal that the BNC preferentially binds to Dy3+ ion due to its highest affinity among Ln3+ ions in nanoconfinement, which attributes to the coupling of ion radius and coordination matching. These findings suggest that BNC-based ion selectivity system provides alternative routes to achieving highly efficient lanthanide separation.
Rare de novo damaging DNA variants are enriched in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and implicate risk genes
Authors: Olfson Emily , Farhat Luis C. , Liu Wenzhong , Vitulano Lawrence A. , Zai Gwyneth , Lima Monicke O. , Parent Justin , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Cappi Carolina , Kennedy James L. , Fernandez Thomas V.
Published: July 2024

Research demonstrates the important role of genetic factors in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). DNA sequencing of families provides a powerful approach for identifying de novo (spontaneous) variants, leading to the discovery of hundreds of clinically informative risk genes for other childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. This approach has yet to be extensively leveraged in ADHD. We conduct whole-exome DNA sequencing in 152 families, comprising a child with ADHD and both biological parents, and demonstrate a significant enrichment of rare and ultra-rare de novo gene-damaging mutations in ADHD cases compared to unaffected controls. Combining these results with a large independent case-control DNA sequencing cohort (3206 ADHD cases and 5002 controls), we identify lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B) as a high-confidence risk gene for ADHD and estimate that 1057 genes contribute to ADHD risk. Using our list of genes harboring ultra-rare de novo damaging variants, we show that these genes overlap with previously reported risk genes for other neuropsychiatric conditions and are enriched in several canonical biological pathways, suggesting early neurodevelopmental underpinnings of ADHD. This work provides insight into the biology of ADHD and demonstrates the discovery potential of DNA sequencing in larger parent-child trio cohorts.
A multi-modal, asymmetric, weighted, and signed description of anatomical connectivity
Authors: Tanner Jacob , Faskowitz Joshua , Teixeira Andreia Sofia , Seguin Caio , Coletta Ludovico , Gozzi Alessandro , Mišić Bratislav , Betzel Richard F.
Published: July 2024

The macroscale connectome is the network of physical, white-matter tracts between brain areas. The connections are generally weighted and their values interpreted as measures of communication efficacy. In most applications, weights are either assigned based on imaging features–e.g. diffusion parameters–or inferred using statistical models. In reality, the ground-truth weights are unknown, motivating the exploration of alternative edge weighting schemes. Here, we explore a multi-modal, regression-based model that endows reconstructed fiber tracts with directed and signed weights. We find that the model fits observed data well, outperforming a suite of null models. The estimated weights are subject-specific and highly reliable, even when fit using relatively few training samples, and the networks maintain a number of desirable features. In summary, we offer a simple framework for weighting connectome data, demonstrating both its ease of implementation while benchmarking its utility for typical connectome analyses, including graph theoretic modeling and brain-behavior associations.
Optimizing high-temperature energy storage in tungsten bronze-structured ceramics via high-entropy strategy and bandgap engineering
Authors: Gao Yangfei , Song Zizheng , Hu Haichao , Mei Junwen , Kang Ruirui , Zhu Xiaopei , Yang Bian , Shao Jinyou , Chen Zibin , Li Fei , Zhang Shujun , Lou Xiaojie
Published: July 2024

As a vital material utilized in energy storage capacitors, dielectric ceramics have widespread applications in high-power pulse devices. However, the development of dielectric ceramics with both high energy density and efficiency at high temperatures poses a significant challenge. In this study, we employ high-entropy strategy and band gap engineering to enhance the energy storage performance in tetragonal tungsten bronze-structured dielectric ceramics. The high-entropy strategy fosters cation disorder and disrupts long-range ordering, consequently regulating relaxation behavior. Simultaneously, the reduction in grain size, elevation of conductivity activation energy, and increase in band gap collectively bolster the breakdown electric strength. This cascade effect results in outstanding energy storage performance, ultimately achieving a recoverable energy density of 8.9 J cm−3 and an efficiency of 93% in Ba0.4Sr0.3Ca0.3Nb1.7Ta0.3O6 ceramics, which also exhibit superior temperature stability across a broad temperature range up to 180 °C and excellent cycling reliability up to 105. This research presents an effective method for designing tetragonal tungsten bronze dielectric ceramics with ultra-high comprehensive energy storage performance.
Loss of tumor suppressors promotes inflammatory tumor microenvironment and enhances LAG3+T cell mediated immune suppression
Authors: Zahraeifard Sara , Xiao Zhiguang , So Jae Young , Ahad Abdul , Montoya Selina , Park Woo Yong , Sornapudi Trinadharao , Andohkow Tiffany , Read Abigail , Kedei Noemi , Koparde Vishal , Yang Howard , Lee Maxwell , Wong Nathan , Cam Maggie , Wang Kun , Ruppin Eytan , Luo Ji , Hollander Christine , Yang Li
Published: July 2024

Low response rate, treatment relapse, and resistance remain key challenges for cancer treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Here we report that loss of specific tumor suppressors (TS) induces an inflammatory response and promotes an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment. Importantly, low expression of these TSs is associated with a higher expression of immune checkpoint inhibitory mediators. Here we identify, by using in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 based loss-of-function screening, that NF1, TSC1, and TGF-β RII as TSs regulating immune composition. Loss of each of these three TSs leads to alterations in chromatin accessibility and enhances IL6-JAK3-STAT3/6 inflammatory pathways. This results in an immune suppressive landscape, characterized by increased numbers of LAG3+ CD8 and CD4 T cells. ICB targeting LAG3 and PD-L1 simultaneously inhibits metastatic progression in preclinical triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse models of NF1-, TSC1- or TGF-β RII- deficient tumors. Our study thus reveals a role of TSs in regulating metastasis via non-cell-autonomous modulation of the immune compartment and provides proof-of-principle for ICB targeting LAG3 for patients with NF1-, TSC1- or TGF-β RII-inactivated cancers.
Ubiquitous purine sensor modulates diverse signal transduction pathways in bacteria
Authors: Monteagudo-Cascales Elizabet , Gumerov Vadim M. , Fernández Matilde , Matilla Miguel A. , Gavira José A. , Zhulin Igor B. , Krell Tino
Published: July 2024

Purines and their derivatives control intracellular energy homeostasis and nucleotide synthesis, and act as signaling molecules. Here, we combine structural and sequence information to define a purine-binding motif that is present in sensor domains of thousands of bacterial receptors that modulate motility, gene expression, metabolism, and second-messenger turnover. Microcalorimetric titrations of selected sensor domains validate their ability to specifically bind purine derivatives, and evolutionary analyses indicate that purine sensors share a common ancestor with amino-acid receptors. Furthermore, we provide experimental evidence of physiological relevance of purine sensing in a second-messenger signaling system that modulates c-di-GMP levels.
Temperature sensitivity of bat antibodies links metabolic state of bats with antigen-recognition diversity
Authors: Toshkova Nia , Zhelyzkova Violeta , Reyes-Ruiz Alejandra , Haerens Eline , de Castro Deus Marina , Lacombe Robin V. , Lecerf Maxime , Gonzalez Gaelle , Jouvenet Nolwenn , Planchais Cyril , Dimitrov Jordan D.
Published: July 2024

The bat immune system features multiple unique properties such as dampened inflammatory responses and increased tissue protection, explaining their long lifespan and tolerance to viral infections. Here, we demonstrated that body temperature fluctuations corresponding to different physiological states in bats exert a large impact on their antibody repertoires. At elevated temperatures typical for flight, IgG from the bat species Myotis myotis and Nyctalus noctula show elevated antigen binding strength and diversity, recognizing both pathogen-derived antigens and autoantigens. The opposite is observed at temperatures reflecting inactive physiological states. IgG antibodies of human and other mammals, or antibodies of birds do not appear to behave in a similar way. Importantly, diversification of bat antibody specificities results in preferential recognition of damaged endothelial and epithelial cells, indicating an anti-inflammatory function. The temperature-sensitivity of bat antibodies is mediated by the variable regions of immunoglobulin molecules. Additionally, we uncover specific molecular features of bat IgG, such as low thermodynamic stability and implication of hydrophobic interactions in antigen binding as well as high prevalence of polyreactivity. Overall, our results extend the understanding of bat tolerance to disease and inflammation and highlight the link between metabolism and immunity.
Keypoint-MoSeq: parsing behavior by linking point tracking to pose dynamics
Authors: Weinreb Caleb , Pearl Jonah E. , Lin Sherry , Osman Mohammed Abdal Monium , Zhang Libby , Annapragada Sidharth , Conlin Eli , Hoffmann Red , Makowska Sofia , Gillis Winthrop F. , Jay Maya , Ye Shaokai , Mathis Alexander , Mathis Mackenzie W. , Pereira Talmo , Linderman Scott W. , Datta Sandeep Robert
Published: July 2024

Keypoint tracking algorithms can flexibly quantify animal movement from videos obtained in a wide variety of settings. However, it remains unclear how to parse continuous keypoint data into discrete actions. This challenge is particularly acute because keypoint data are susceptible to high-frequency jitter that clustering algorithms can mistake for transitions between actions. Here we present keypoint-MoSeq, a machine learning-based platform for identifying behavioral modules (‘syllables’) from keypoint data without human supervision. Keypoint-MoSeq uses a generative model to distinguish keypoint noise from behavior, enabling it to identify syllables whose boundaries correspond to natural sub-second discontinuities in pose dynamics. Keypoint-MoSeq outperforms commonly used alternative clustering methods at identifying these transitions, at capturing correlations between neural activity and behavior and at classifying either solitary or social behaviors in accordance with human annotations. Keypoint-MoSeq also works in multiple species and generalizes beyond the syllable timescale, identifying fast sniff-aligned movements in mice and a spectrum of oscillatory behaviors in fruit flies. Keypoint-MoSeq, therefore, renders accessible the modular structure of behavior through standard video recordings.
Gut microbiota-based machine-learning signature for the diagnosis of alcohol-associated and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Park In-gyu , Yoon Sang Jun , Won Sung-min , Oh Ki-Kwang , Hyun Ji Ye , Suk Ki Tae , Lee Unjoo
Published: July 2024

Alcoholic-associated liver disease (ALD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) show a high prevalence rate worldwide. As gut microbiota represents current state of ALD and MASLD via gut-liver axis, typical characteristics of gut microbiota can be used as a potential diagnostic marker in ALD and MASLD. Machine learning (ML) algorithms improve diagnostic performance in various diseases. Using gut microbiota-based ML algorithms, we evaluated the diagnostic index for ALD and MASLD. Fecal 16S rRNA sequencing data of 263 ALD (control, elevated liver enzyme [ELE], cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) and 201 MASLD (control and ELE) subjects were collected. For external validation, 126 ALD and 84 MASLD subjects were recruited. Four supervised ML algorithms (support vector machine, random forest, multilevel perceptron, and convolutional neural network) were used for classification with 20, 40, 60, and 80 features, in which three nonsupervised ML algorithms (independent component analysis, principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and random projection) were used for feature reduction. A total of 52 combinations of ML algorithms for each pair of subgroups were performed with 60 hyperparameter variations and Stratified ShuffleSplit tenfold cross validation. The ML models of the convolutional neural network combined with principal component analysis achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) > 0.90. In ALD, the diagnostic AUC values of the ML strategy (vs. control) were 0.94, 0.97, and 0.96 for ELE, cirrhosis, and liver cancer, respectively. The AUC value (vs. control) for MASLD (ELE) was 0.93. In the external validation, the AUC values of ALD and MASLD (vs control) were > 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. The gut microbiota-based ML strategy can be used for the diagnosis of ALD and MASLD.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04339725
Preferential and sustained platelet activation in COVID-19 survivors with mental disorders
Authors: Maugeri Norma , De Lorenzo Rebecca , Mazza Mario Gennaro , Palladini Mariagrazia , Ciceri Fabio , Rovere-Querini Patrizia , Manfredi Angelo A. , Benedetti Francesco
Published: July 2024

Pre-existing mental disorders are considered a risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes, possibly because of higher vascular burden. Moreover, an unconventional platelet activation characterizes COVID-19 and contributes to inflammatory and thrombotic manifestations. In the light of the inflammation theory of mental disorders, we hypothesized that patients with mental disorders could be sensitive to the SARS-CoV-2 elicited platelet activation. We investigated platelet activation in 141 COVID-19 survivors at one month after clearance of the virus, comparing subjects with or without an established pre-existing diagnosis of mental disorder according to the DSM-5. We found that platelets from patients with a positive history of psychiatric disorder underwent unconventional activation more frequently than conventional activation or no activation at all. Such preferential activation was not detected when platelets from patients without a previous psychiatric diagnosis were studied. When testing the effects of age, sex, and psychiatric history on the platelet activation, GLZM multivariate analysis confirmed the significant effect of diagnosis only. These findings suggest a preferential platelet activation during acute COVID-19 in patients with a pre-existing psychiatric disorder, mediated by mechanisms associated with thromboinflammation. This event could have contributed to the higher risk of severe outcome in the psychiatric population.
Long-term prediction modeling of shallow rockburst with small dataset based on machine learning
Authors: Rao Guozhu , Rao Yunzhang , Wan Jiazheng , Huang Qiang , Xie Yangjun , Lai Qiande , Yang Zhihua , Xiang Run , Zhang Laiye
Published: July 2024

Rockburst present substantial hazards in both deep underground construction and shallow depths, underscoring the critical need for accurate prediction methods. This study addressed this need by collecting and analyzing 69 real datasets of rockburst occurring within a 500 m burial depth, which posed challenges due to the dataset's multi-categorized, unbalanced, and small nature. Through a rigorous comparison and screening process involving 11 machine learning algorithms and optimization with KMeansSMOKE oversampling, the Random Forest algorithm emerged as the most optimal choice. Efficient adjustment of hyper parameter was achieved using the Optuna framework. The resulting KMSORF model, which integrates KMeansSMOKE, Optuna, and Random Forest, demonstrated superior performance compared to mainstream models such as Gradient Boosting (GB), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XBG), and Extra Trees (ET). Application of the model in a tungsten mine and tunnel project showcased its ability to accurately forecast rockburst levels, thereby providing valuable insights for risk management in underground construction. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of safety measures in underground construction by offering an effective predictive model for rockburst occurrences.
A community of practice approach to the management of metal resources, metalworking and hoarding in Bronze Age societies
Authors: Orfanou Vana , Bruyère Caroline , Karydas Andreas G. , Jovanović Dragan , Franković Filip , Spasić Miloš , Koledin Jovan , Jacanović Dragan , Cerović Momir , Davidović Jasmina , Molloy Barry
Published: July 2024

The burial of metals in hoards is a trademark phenomenon of prehistoric Europe that may be counterintuitive to perceptions of value nowadays. For the first time here, we establish detailed biographies of a large corpus of hoarded metal objects, providing new insights into how societies in the second millennium BC engaged with their convertible material wealth. We move beyond previous research on prehistoric hoarding commonly focussing on separate questions such as what was placed in hoards, who selected the objects, what were the origins of materials, and where and when they were buried. Analysing ca. 200 metal tools and weapons, we use data reduction methods to define technological pathways in the long biographies of hoarded objects extending across the sourcing of materials, production, use, decommissioning, and deposition in the Carpathian Basin. We show how the differential treatment of materials and objects was strongly biased by social decisions across artefact types. We identify shared, standardised signature treatments that crossed over social-spatial boundaries. Our findings bring new insights on the interface between communal and elite wealth management at the intersection of technological reasoning and cultural beliefs in prehistoric communities.
Multiplex LAMP assay for detecting the prevalent species of dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in the domestic environment
Authors: Shuai Yujun , Xue Qiqi , Tu Huanxin , Guo Junjie , Teng Qiao , Xu Yueye , Xu Jingang , Li Yuanyuan , Zhou Hongming , Zhao Jinhong
Published: July 2024

Dermatophagoides farina (D. farinae) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus) are the prevalent kinds of house dust mites (HDMs). HDMs are common inhalant allergens that cause a range of allergic diseases, such as rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. The epidemiology of these diseases is associated with exposure to mites. Therefore, in the present study, a method named multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed to detect environmental dust mites. The multiplex LAMP assay allows amplification within a single tube and has an ITS plasmid detection limit as low as 40 fg/µL for both single dust mites and mixed dust mites (D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae), which is up to ten times more sensitive than classical PCR techniques. Furthermore, the multiplex LAMP method was applied to samples of single dust mites and clinical dust to confirm its validity. The multiplex LAMP assay exhibited higher sensitivity, simpler instrumentation, and visualization of test results, indicating that this method could be used as an alternative to traditional techniques for the detection of HDMs.
A universal AC electrokinetics-based strategy toward surface antifouling of underwater optics
Authors: Jiang Hao , Wang Yan , Du Fei , Stolte Stefan , Specht Uwe , Pesch Georg R. , Baune Michael
Published: July 2024

The practical applications of underwater optical devices, such as cameras or sensors, often suffer from widespread surface biofouling. Current antifouling techniques are primarily hindered by low efficiency, poor compatibility, as well as environmental pollution issues. This paper presents a transparent electrode coating as antifouling system of underwater optics as potential substitute for alternating current electrokinetic (ACEK)-based systems. A strong-coupling model is established to predict the Joule heating induced fluid flows and the negative dielectrophoretic (nDEP) effect for mobilizing organisms or deposited sediments on optic surfaces. The performance of the proposed antifouling system is numerically evaluated through simulations of electrostatic, fluid and temperature fields as well as trajectories of submicron particles, which is then experimentally verified and found to be in good agreement. A parametric study revealed that the degree of electrodes asymmetry is the key factor affecting the flow pattern and therefore the overall performance of the system. This ACEK-based universal strategy is expected to shed light on designing high performance and non-toxic platforms toward energy-efficient surface antifouling applications of underwater optics.
A light-efficient and versatile multiplexing method for snapshot spectral imaging
Authors: Andersson David , Bao Yupan , Kornienko Vassily , Popović Dean , Kristensson Elias
Published: July 2024

The study of rapid and stochastic events that involve multiple species, such as chemical reactions and plasma dynamics, requires means to capture multispectral information in two dimensions at both high temporal- and spatial resolution. Commercially available cameras that provide high temporal resolution are based on either signal intensification or rapid data acquisition. Intensified cameras provide extremely short acquisition times using intensification by means of micro channel plates, but the conversion between electrons and photons makes these cameras inherently monochrome. In contrast, high-speed cameras can achieve color-sensitivity through integrated Bayer filters but suffer from a reduced light collection efficiency and a fixed spectral composition. In this article we present a non-integrated optical arrangement for instantaneous multispectral imaging based on FRAME image multiplexing. By spectrally separating the signal using lossless dichroic mirrors, a 16-fold increase in light-collection efficiency is gained (compared to past solutions), resulting in an equivalent increase in temporal resolution. This improvement provides new avenues for multispectral imaging of rapid events. We demonstrate the system’s versatility and suitability for studies of such processes by applying it for (i) temperature mapping using a high-resolution CCD camera, (ii) high-speed videography up to 10 kHz at four spectral channels and (iii) dual-species visualization in a plasma discharge using an intensified sCMOS camera.
Experimental study on the treatment of deep miscellaneous fill foundation in Xinjiang by vibrating rod compaction method
Authors: Liu Xuejun , Xue Jingchun , Mao Wei , Xie Liangfu , Du Guangyin
Published: July 2024

Currently, the treatment of miscellaneous fill foundations, composed of a mixture of domestic garbage, construction solid waste, and natural soil, presents a significant challenge in urban peripheral engineering construction. This paper discusses the application of vibrating rod compaction technology for foundation treatment in Xinjiang. It evaluates the effectiveness of cross-section vibrating rod compaction equipment in reinforcing fine-grained miscellaneous fill foundations. The study analyzes the impact of construction disturbances caused by the insertion of the vibrating rod, monitoring horizontal stresses at various depths. Both laboratory and field tests show significant improvements: soil dry density increased by 8% to 18%, porosity decreased by 10% to 23%, compression modulus increased by 22% to 246%, and compression coefficient decreased by 8% to 70%. Additionally, cohesion (C) and angle of friction (ɸ) saw increases ranging from 7 to 38% and 3% to 25%, respectively. Below a depth of 3 m, cone tip resistance exceeded 10 MPa, and sidewall friction resistance increased to over 100 kPa, surpassing pre-treatment values. The standard penetration test results doubled stroke length compared to pre-treatment, indicating a substantial improvement in foundation bearing capacity. Surface wave tests before and after treatment showed a 15% increase in wave velocity, reflecting a more compact soil structure. The vibrating rod compaction method is innovative, energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and economically beneficial, holding great potential for future miscellaneous fill treatments.
Structured neurological soft signs examination reveals motor coordination deficits in adults diagnosed with high-functioning autism
Authors: Wieting Jelte , Baumann Madita Vanessa , Deest-Gaubatz Stephanie , Bleich Stefan , Eberlein Christian Karl , Frieling Helge , Deest Maximilian
Published: July 2024

Neurological soft signs (NSS), discrete deficits in motor coordination and sensory integration, have shown promise as markers in autism diagnosis. While motor impairments, partly associated with core behavioral features, are frequently found in children with autism, there is limited evidence in adults. In this study, NSS were assessed in adults undergoing initial diagnosis of high-functioning autism (HFA), a subgroup difficult to diagnose due to social adaptation and psychiatric comorbidity. Adults with HFA (n = 34) and 1:1 sex-, age-, and intelligence-matched neurotypical controls were administered a structured NSS examination including motor, sensory, and visuospatial tasks. We showed that adults with HFA have significantly increased motor coordination deficits compared with controls. Using hierarchical cluster analysis within the HFA group, we also identified a subgroup that was particularly highly affected by NSS. This subgroup differed from the less affected by intelligence level, but not severity of autism behavioral features nor global psychological distress. It remains questionable whether motor impairment represents a genuinely autistic trait or is more a consequence of factors such as intelligence. Nevertheless, we conclude that examining NSS in terms of motor coordination may help diagnose adults with HFA and identify HFA individuals who might benefit from motor skills interventions.
Gestational bisphenol A exposure alters energy homeostasis and adult hypothalamic neurogenesis in female mice
Authors: Feighan Kira M. , Nesan Dinushan , Kurrasch Deborah M.
Published: July 2024

Regulation of physiological homeostasis, including energy balance, is thought to be modified by low levels of adult neurogenesis in the hypothalamus. Hormones such as oestradiol can influence both embryonic and adult hypothalamic neurogenic programs, demonstrating a sensitivity of hypothalamic neural progenitor cells to endogenous hormones. Previously we showed that gestational exposure to environmental levels of the xenoestrogen bisphenol A (BPA) changed neural progenitor cell behaviors in the embryo; however, we did not examine if these changes were permanent to affect adult neurogenesis. Here we investigated whether adult neuro- and/or gliogenesis were altered in mice prenatally exposed to BPA and placed on a high-fat diet challenge. Gestationally exposed adult female mice on a standard diet gained less weight than non-BPA controls, whereas gestationally exposed BPA females on a high-fat diet gained more weight than controls. Males exposed to gestational BPA showed no differences in weight gain relative to control males. Concomitantly, adult neurogenesis was increased in the VMH, DMH, and PVN of adult female mice exposed to BPA on standard diet, suggesting that disrupted adult neurogenesis might perturb normal energy balance regulation in females. These results add to growing evidence that low-dose BPA exposure in utero causes changes to adult hypothalamic function.
A multi-information fusion anomaly detection model based on convolutional neural networks and AutoEncoder
Authors: Zhao Zhongnan , Guo Hongwei , Wang Yue
Published: July 2024

Network traffic anomaly detection, as an effective analysis method for network security, can identify differentiated traffic information and provide secure operation in complex and changing network environments. To avoid information loss caused when handling traffic data while improving the detection performance of traffic feature information, this paper proposes a multi-information fusion model based on a convolutional neural network and AutoEncoder. The model uses a convolutional neural network to extract features directly from the raw traffic data, and a AutoEncoder to encode the statistical features extracted from the raw traffic data, which are used to supplement the information loss due to cropping. These two features are combined to form a new integrated feature for network traffic, which has the load information from the original traffic data and the global information of the original traffic data obtained from the statistical features, thus providing a complete representation of the information contained in the network traffic and improving the detection performance of the model. The experiments show that the classification accuracy of network traffic anomaly detection using this model outperforms that of classical machine learning methods.
Fair AI-powered orthopedic image segmentation: addressing bias and promoting equitable healthcare
Authors: Siddiqui Ismaeel A. , Littlefield Nickolas , Carlson Luke A. , Gong Matthew , Chhabra Avani , Menezes Zoe , Mastorakos George M. , Thakar Sakshi Mehul , Abedian Mehrnaz , Lohse Ines , Weiss Kurt R. , Plate Johannes F. , Moradi Hamidreza , Amirian Soheyla , Tafti Ahmad P.
Published: July 2024

AI-powered segmentation of hip and knee bony anatomy has revolutionized orthopedics, transforming pre-operative planning and post-operative assessment. Despite the remarkable advancements in AI algorithms for medical imaging, the potential for biases inherent within these models remains largely unexplored. This study tackles these concerns by thoroughly re-examining AI-driven segmentation for hip and knee bony anatomy. While advanced imaging modalities like CT and MRI offer comprehensive views, plain radiographs (X-rays) predominate the standard initial clinical assessment due to their widespread availability, low cost, and rapid acquisition. Hence, we focused on plain radiographs to ensure the utilization of our contribution in diverse healthcare settings, including those with limited access to advanced imaging technologies. This work provides insights into the underlying causes of biases in AI-based knee and hip image segmentation through an extensive evaluation, presenting targeted mitigation strategies to alleviate biases related to sex, race, and age, using an automatic segmentation that is fair, impartial, and safe in the context of AI. Our contribution can enhance inclusivity, ethical practices, equity, and an unbiased healthcare environment with advanced clinical outcomes, aiding decision-making and osteoarthritis research. Furthermore, we have made all the codes and datasets publicly and freely accessible to promote open scientific research.
Impact of general anesthesia on postoperative complications in orthognathic surgery: a retrospective comparison of total intravenous anesthesia versus volatile anesthesia
Authors: Aijima Reona , Miura Daisuke , Takamori Ayako , Kamohara Asana , Danjo Atsushi , Sakaguchi Yoshiro , Yamashita Yoshio
Published: July 2024

Orthognathic surgery has a high incidence of postoperative nausea (PON) and vomiting (POV), delaying mobility initiation and postoperative recovery. Bleeding is another risk associated with this surgical procedure. We aimed to compare total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and volatile anesthesia in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery in terms of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) incidence and hemodynamic changes. This retrospective study included 82 patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomies at Saga University Hospital between April 2016 and April 2021. We compared the effects of TIVA and volatile anesthesia on PONV onset after surgery, acute postoperative hemodynamic changes (blood pressure and heart rate), and factors contributing to PONV. PON was significantly lower in the TIVA group than in the volatile anesthesia group. The total dose of fentanyl contributed to the onset of POV, while the onset of PON was associated with low volumes of fluid infusion and urine in the TIVA and volatile anesthesia groups, respectively. Furthermore, post-extubation hemodynamic change was significantly smaller in the TIVA group than in the volatile anesthesia group. Therefore, TIVA could have a reduced risk of PONV and hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Employing TIVA could mitigate perioperative complications and enhance patient safety.
Levels of Sex Hormones and Abdominal Muscle Composition in Men from The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Osmancevic Amar , Allison Matthew , Miljkovic Iva , Vella Chantal A. , Ouyang Pamela , Trimpou Penelope , Daka Bledar
Published: July 2024

Information on the associations of testosterone levels with abdominal muscle volume and density in men is limited, while the role of estradiol and SHBG on these muscle characteristics are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between fasting serum sex hormones and CT-derived abdominal muscle area and radiodensity in adult men. Conducted as a cross sectional observational study using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, our analyses focused on a community-based sample of 907 men aged 45–84 years, with 878 men having complete data. CT scans of the abdomen were interrogated for muscle characteristics, and multivariable linear regressions were used to test the associations. After adjustment for relevant factors, higher levels of both total testosterone and estradiol were associated with higher abdominal muscle area (1.74, 0.1–3.4, and 1.84, 0.4–3.3, respectively). In the final analyses, levels of total testosterone showed a positive association, while an inverse relationship was observed for SHBG with abdominal muscle radiodensity (0.3, 0.0–0.6, and − 0.33, − 0.6 to − 0.1, respectively). Our results indicate a complex association between sex hormones and abdominal muscle characteristics in men. Specifically, total testosterone and estradiol were associated with abdominal muscle area, while only total testosterone was associated with muscle radiodensity and SHBG was inversely associated with muscle radiodensity.

Clinical Trial: NCT00005487