bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Silico Appraisal, Synthesis, Antibacterial Screening and DNA Cleavage for 1,2,5-thiadiazole Derivative
Authors: Mali Suraj N. , Sawant Sudhir , Chaudhari Hemchandra K. , Mandewale Mustapha C.
Published: February 2019

Background: :

Thiadiazole not only acts as “hydrogen binding domain” and “two-electron donor
system” but also as constrained pharmacophore.

Methods::

The maleate salt of 2-((2-hydroxy-3-((4-morpholino-1, 2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl) amino)-
2-methylpropan-1-ol (TML-Hydroxy)(4) has been synthesized. This methodology involves preparation of
4-morpholino-1, 2,5-thiadiazol-3-ol by hydroxylation of 4-(4-chloro-1, 2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl) morpholine followed
by condensation with 2-(chloromethyl) oxirane to afford 4-(4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-
3-yl) morpholine. Oxirane ring of this compound was opened by treating with 2-amino-2-methyl propan-1-
ol to afford the target compound TML-Hydroxy. Structures of the synthesized compounds have been elucidated
by NMR, MASS, FTIR spectroscopy.

Results: :

The DSC study clearly showed that the compound 4-maleate salt is crystalline in nature. In vitro
antibacterial inhibition and little potential for DNA cleavage of the compound 4 were explored. We extended
our study to explore the inhibition mechanism by conducting molecular docking, ADMET and molecular
dynamics analysis by using Schrödinger. The molecular docking for compound 4 showed better interactions
with target 3IVX with docking score of -8.508 kcal/mol with respect to standard ciprofloxacin (docking
score= -3.879 kcal/mol). TML-Hydroxy was obtained in silico as non-carcinogenic and non-AMES
toxic with good percent human oral absorption profile (69.639%). TML-Hydroxy showed the moderate inhibition
against Mycobacteria tuberculosis with MIC 25.00 μg/mL as well as moderate inhibition against S.
aureus, Bacillus sps, K. Pneumoniae and E. coli species.

Conclusion: :

In view of the importance of the 1,2,5-thiadiazole moiety involved, this study would pave the
way for future development of more effective analogs for applications in medicinal field.
Safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Singh Mahakpreet , Sharma Ruchika , Kumar Anoop
Published: February 2019

Background:

Recently, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved sodium/
glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However,
regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of SGLT2 inhibitors in large group of population, very
less information is available. Thus, we have tried to find out the risk profile of SGLT2 inhibitors.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 1,042 studies have been published from Nov. 2012-Nov. 2017
regarding SGLT2 inhibitors. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 studies have been selected
for the analysis of risk.

Results and Discussion:

The emerging evidence indicates various adverse drug reactions such as
foot and toe amputation, cancer, diabetic ketoacidosis, bone fracture risk and urinary as well as
mycotic genital infection. The causality assessment has shown a correlation between SGLT2 inhibitors
and diabetic ketoacidosis and urinary tract infection.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Marketing Authorization Holder (MAH) and Regulatory Authorities
(RA) should monitor various adverse drug reactions such as diabetic ketoacidosis and urinary tract
infection with the use of SGLT2 inhibitor.
New Indices for Ethnotoxicological Assessment of Medicinal Plants: Example of Tafilalet Region, Morocco
Authors: Eddouks Mohamed , Ajebli Mohammed , Hebi Morad
Published: February 2019

Background:

Several botanical species are poisonous and are used for medicinal purposes in traditional medicine. In fact, a relationship between toxicity and phytotherapeutic potential of medicinal plants exists.

Objective:

Until now, there is no ethnopharmacological indices evaluating mathematically the toxic property of any medicinal plant used traditionally. Consequently, it is important to find this link through the establishment and development of novel indices that put into consideration the relationship between toxicity and phytotherapy. Two essential objectives were targeted in the present investigation: firstly, we aimed to establish novel indices which permit researchers to evaluate data obtained in any ethnobotanical survey targeting toxic plants. Secondly, we aimed also to collect data and information about toxic species, mainly those used traditionally for therapeutic purposes in the region of Tafilalet (southeast of Morocco).

Methods:

The total informant interviewed in our study was 1616 (where 1500 were simple local inhabitants and 116 were herbalists). This inquiry was carried out through semi-structured and structured interviews and the sampling technique used was the stratified sample (9 stratums). Data obtained was analyzed using 3 new indices: Degree of Taxonomic Toxicity (DT), Degree of Botanical Families Toxicity (DFT) and Relative Link of Toxicity (RLT).

Results:

47 toxic species belonging to 38 botanical families were quoted in our survey. The highest value of DT was observed for Atractylis gummifera L. (DT=24.67). According to the calculated value of DFT, the most toxic plant family in the region of Tafilalet was Asteraceae (DFT=143.90). Nervous system disorders are the main ailment caused by the toxicity of poisonous species used in the traditional medicine in Tafilalet (RLT=1.44).

Conclusion:

Novel indices established in this investigation (DT, DFT and RLT) have been demonstrated to be useful for interpreting data collected in Tafilalet region and could serve for other ethnopharmacological surveys of toxic medicinal plants.
Interactome Analysis of the Differentially Expressed Proteins in Uterine Leiomyoma
Authors: Sahar Tahreem , Nigam Aruna , Anjum Shadab , Waziri Farheen , Biswas Shipie , Jain Swatantra K. , Wajid Saima
Published: February 2019

Background:

Recent advances in proteomics present enormous opportunities to discover proteome
related disparities and thus understanding the molecular mechanisms related to a disease. Uterine leiomyoma is
a benign monoclonal tumor, located in the pelvic region, and affecting 40% of reproductive aged female.

Objective:

Identification and characterization of the differentially expressed proteins associated with
leiomyogenesis by comparing uterine leiomyoma and normal myometrium.

Methods:

Paired samples of uterine leiomyoma and adjacent myometrium retrieved from twenty-five females
suffering from uterine leiomyoma (n=50) were submitted to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), matrixassisted
laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and to reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results:

Comparison of protein patterns revealed seven proteins with concordantly increased spot intensities in
leiomyoma samples. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MIB2 (MIB2), Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription
subunit 10 (MED10), HIRA-interacting protein (HIRP3) and Fatty acid binding protein brain (FABP7) were
found to be upregulated. While, Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 subunit 2 (BL1S2),
Shadow of prion protein (SPRN) and RNA binding motif protein X linked like 2 (RMXL2) were found to be
exclusively present in leiomyoma sample. The expression modulations of the corresponding genes were further
validated which corroborated with the 2-DE result showing significant upregulation in leiomyoma. We have
generated a master network showing the interactions of the experimentally identified proteins with their close
neighbors and further scrutinized the network to prioritize the routes leading to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the importance of identified proteins as potential targets for therapeutic purpose.
This work provides an insight into the mechanism underlying the overexpression of the proteins but warrants
further investigations.
Unfavorable Outcomes in Solid and Spongiform Thyroid Nodules Treated with Laser Ablation. A 5-Year Follow-up Retrospective Study
Authors: Negro Roberto , Greco Gabriele
Published: February 2019

Objective:

Laser Ablation (LA) is a therapeutic modality for reducing the volume of large
benign thyroid nodules. This retrospective study was aimed at assessing the outcome of LA in patients
with benign nonfunctioning thyroid nodules in a 5-years follow-up.

Methods:

Sixty-two patients (47 females; mean age 54.7±12 yr) with benign cold thyroid nodules underwent
LA from July 2009 to March 2012. Nodule volume, thyroid function test, and ultrasound were
monitored at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure, then annually. After dividing
nodules in solid and spongiform, we evaluated unfavourable outcomes: 1) nodule’s volume reduction
<50%; 2) need for surgery; 3) need for additive LA session (due to nodule re-growth with persistence
of cosmetic concern or compressive symptoms).

Results:

Baseline volume did not differ between solid and spongiform nodules as well as energy delivered
and the number of needles used. Unfavourable outcomes occurred in 24 patients (38.7%). Nineteen/
24 (79.2%) patients who experienced unfavourable outcomes belonged to the solid nodules group
(P<0.01). When considering only those who benefited from LA, the 5-years reduction was 59.7% for
solid and 78.6% for spongiform nodules (P<0.05). One/6 patients who underwent surgery (solid nodules
group) had a final diagnosis of Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Cancer (FVPTC).

Conclusion:

Large solid nodules, unlike spongiform, submitted to LA are characterized by a long-term
unfavourable outcome and entail a potential risk of false negative cytologic results.
Comparison of Mean Platelet Volume, Platelet Count, Neutrophil/ Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio in the Euthyroid, Overt Hypothyroid and Subclinical Hyperthyroid Phases of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kutluturk Faruk , Gul Serdar S. , Sahin Safak , Tasliyurt Turker
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Thyroid hormones are essential for the normal development, differentiation, metabolic balance and physiological function of all tissues. Mean platelet volume (MPV) indicates mean platelet size and reflects platelet production rate and stimulation. Increased platelet size has been observed in association with known cardiovascular risk factors. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are known markers of the systemic inflammatory response. This study aimed to investigate the effect of thyroid hormone changes by comparing platelet count, MPV values, NLR and PLR in thyroid papillary carcinoma.

Methods:

Forty-nine females and nine males comprising a total of 58 patients were included in the study. Clinical and laboratory parameters of patients were recorded in the following three phases of the disease: euthyroid phase (before thyroid surgery), overt hypothyroid (OH) phase (before radioactive iodine [RAI] treatment) and subclinical hyperthyroid (SCH) phase (six months after RAI treatment).

Results:

The mean thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values of the patients in the euthyroid, OH and SCH phases were 1.62±1.17, 76.4±37.5 and 0.09±0.07 μIU/mL, respectively. The mean MPV values of the patients in the euthyroid, OH and SCH phases were 9.45±1.33, 9.81±1.35 and 9.96±1.21 fL, respectively. MPV was significantly higher in the SCH phase than in the euthyroid phase (p=0.013). Platelet count, NLR and PLR were not statistically different between the euthyroid, OH and SCH phases.

Conclusion:

The results of this study demonstrated that the levels of MPV increased significantly in the SCH phase in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and increased MPV values contributed to increased risk of cardiovascular complications. These findings suggest that MPV can be a valuable, practical parameter for monitoring the haemostatic condition in thyroid disorders. No significant difference was observed in platelet count, NLR and PLR in all stages of PTC.
Metabolic Association between Leptin and the Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
Authors: Gioldasi Sofia , Karvela Alexia , Rojas-Gil Andrea Paola , Rodi Maria , de Lastic Anne-Lise , Thomas Iason , Spiliotis Bessie E. , Mouzaki Athanasia
Published: February 2019

Results and Conclusion:

The available data indicate that CRH exerts a role in the regulation of leptin in human adipocytes. We show that CRH downregulates leptin production by mature adipocytes and that a strong negative correlation exists between CRH and leptin levels in the periphery, and suggest the possible mechanisms of CRH control of leptin. Delineation of CRH control of leptin production by adipocytes may explain unknown pathogenic mechanisms linking stress and metabolism.

Methods:

In this article, we summarized the salient information on leptin and CRH in relation to metabolism. We also investigated the direct effect of recombinant CRH on leptin secretion by primary cultures of human adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue of 7 healthy children and adolescents, and measured CRH and leptin levels in plasma collected from peripheral blood of 24 healthy children and adolescents to assess whether a correlation exists between CRH and leptin levels in the periphery.

Objective:

In healthy individuals, leptin is produced from adipose tissue and is secreted into the circulation to communicate energy balance status to the brain and control fat metabolism. Corticotropin- Releasing Hormone (CRH) is synthesized in the hypothalamus and regulates stress responses. Among the many adipokines and hormones that control fat metabolism, leptin and CRH both curb appetite and inhibit food intake. Despite numerous reports on leptin and CRH properties and function, little has been actually shown about their association in the adipose tissue environment.
Anti-Diabetic Effect of a Flavonoid and Sitosterol - Rich Aqueous Extract ofPleurotus tuberregiumSclerotia in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rabbits
Authors: Onuekwuzu Ifeanacho Mercy , Chidinma Ikewuchi Catherine , Chigozie Ikewuchi Jude
Published: February 2019

Objective:

Traditionally prepared infusions and decoctions are commonly used in the management of diabetes mellitus, in southern Nigeria; one of such is the aqueous extract of the sclerotia of Pleurotus tuberregium (“usu” milk). In this study, the effects of the extract on the body weights, tissue/ organ weights, fasting blood glucose, blood/plasma lipid profiles and atherogenic indices were investigated in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.

Methods:

Diabetes mellitus was induced by the injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight) via the marginal ear vein. The extract was administered orally at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg to normal and diabetic rabbits; while metformin was administered at 50 mg/kg. The crude extract was analyzed by gas chromatography, coupled to flame ionization detector.

Results:

Thirty-one known flavonoids were detected, consisting mainly of isoquercetin (28.5%), luteolin (24.3%), quercetin (18.8%) and kaempferol (11.3%). Sitosterol (82.0%) and stigmasterol (12.5%) were the most abundant of the seven phytosterols detected. Compared to the diabetic control, the treatment significantly (p<0.05) lowered the weights of the kidney and liver, as well as the levels of blood glucose and triglyceride, plasma VLDL, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, atherogenic index of plasma, cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient and Castelli’s risk index II. It, however, significantly (p<0.05) increased plasma HDL cholesterol, without significantly affecting blood total cholesterol levels.

Conclusion:

This study showed that the extract was hypoglycemic, and improved lipid profile and atherogenic indices, thus highlighting its cardioprotective potential, thereby supporting its use in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Potent Inhibitory Effects of Quercetin on Inflammatory Responses of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice
Authors: Kawaguchi Kiichiro , Kaneko Masahiro , Miyake Ryo , Takimoto Hiroaki , Kumazawa Yoshio
Published: February 2019

Background:

Production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by inflammatory cells in lesions
is the hallmark of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Regulation of inflammatory responses
in knee joints of patients with RA is critical for improving severe symptoms. Flavonoids have inhibitory
effects on the acute and chronic inflammatory responses caused by TNF-α. The flavonoid quercetin
(QUER) is one of the most prominent dietary antioxidants.

Objective:

The present study investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of QUER on inflammatory
responses in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice.

Methods:

Mice with CIA, a mouse model for RA, were treated with QUER orally three times a week
either from the second immunization with collagen (day 21) or day 28 when symptoms of CIA had
developed midway.

Results:

In both cases, inflammation-related clinical scores of knee joints were significantly reduced
by treatment with QUER. Histological analyses showed that the representative characteristics of RA,
such as damage to interchondral joints, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and pannus formation, were
significantly reduced by QUER treatment. Oral administration of QUER significantly decreases
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α production in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of TNF-
α mRNA in knee joints was decreased in QUER-treated mice, compared with those of CIA controls.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that oral administration of QUER might effectively improve symptoms
of RA.
The Study on Semi-Blunt Puncture Behavior of Nanofiber Membrane/ Non-Woven Composite Material
Authors: Wang Fei-Fei , Wang Qian , Zhang Yan , Zhao Zhu-Xin , Wang Ping , Zhang Dian-tang
Published: February 2019

Background:

Nanofiber membrane/non-woven composite material is composed of electrospinning
nanofiber membrane and non-woven fabric, which combines the supporting role of nonwoven
material and the special nano-size effect of nanomaterials.

Objective:

These composite material can be widely used in biomedical, filtration and other related
fields. In the actual use process, nanofiber membrane/non-woven composite material is often subjected
to external forces such as puncture or bursting. As a result, the mechanical study of nanofiber membrane/
non-woven composite materials has a high value and practical significance.

Methods:

The nanofiber membrane/non-woven composite material was obtained by spraying solution
(different concentrations of titanium dioxide-loaded Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)) on meltblown polyester
non-woven fabric. The surface morphology and fiber diameter of different concentrations nanotitanium
dioxide-loaded Poly (vinyl alcohol) fiber were investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron
Microscopy (FESEM). The surface distribution of TiO2 on the electrospun fibrous membranes was
characterized by Energy Disperse Spectroscopy (EDS). The semi-blunt puncture behavior of different
concentrations of nano-titanium dioxide-loaded nanofiber membrane/non-woven composite material
was conducted by universal material machine.

Results:

With the increase of concentrations of nano-titanium dioxide particles, the surface smoothness
of nanofibers diminishes, the unevenness of the diameter distribution of the fiber increased and the
maximum semi-blunt puncture strength increased.

Conclusion:

The addition of hard particles does contribute to improving the puncture properties of the
composite materials. Several patents, related to electrospinning and bubble electrospinning equipment
for nanofiber fabrication, have been reported.
The Diagnostic Value of Subscapularis Clinical Tests in the Postoperative Diagnosis of Subscapularis Retears: An Ultrasound-Comparative Trial
Authors: Fandridis Emmanouil , Malahias Michael-Alexander , Plagou Athena , Orgiani Antonio , Luca Flaviis , Castagna Alessandro
Published: February 2019

Background:

Different physical examination tests have been used to preoperatively determine both the presence and size of a primary subscapularis tear. On the contrary, no clinical trial has yet been published to assess the diagnostic validity of the aforementioned tests in diagnosing subscapularis retears after arthroscopic subscapularis repair.

Objective:

To investigate the diagnostic value of the most commonly used clinical tests in the diagnosis of subscapularis tendon retears after arthroscopic repair.

Methods:

A retrospective (prospectively collected data) case series involving 37 patients who were suffering from symptomatic complete subscapularis tendon tear was conducted. All patients underwent an all-arthroscopic subscapularis repair with the same operative technique. They were postoperatively evaluated (final end point of follow-up: 12 months) with the use of ultrasound, Constant-Murlay score (CS), bear hug test, internal rotation lag sign, Napoleon test and lift-off test. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative prognostic values were calculated for each test.

Results:

Shoulder function was significantly improved according to the final CS. The internal rotation lag sign was the most sensitive for the diagnosis of postoperative subscapularis retears, while the Napoleon sign had the highest specificity. Although postoperative clinical tests yielded no false negative findings, they were poorly predictive as for new ruptures. Ten patients (27%), who were found with a positive (for re-rupture), postoperative, clinical test, had a sonographically intact subscapularis tendon repair.

Conclusion:

We strongly support the use of subscapularis-specific clinical tests as a composite, in combination with a specific interpretation of their results. If all tests are found negative for retear, then we could assume that the arthroscopic repair remains intact and no further diagnostic examination might be necessary. On the contrary, if at least one subscapularis-specific clinical test is positive for retear, then the patient will likely require additional imaging control for definite diagnosis.
Prognostic Factors for Conservative Treatments of Atraumatic Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Sekiguchi Takuya , Hamada Junichiro , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Ando Akira , Watanabe Takashi , Yamaguchi Mitsukuni , Ogawa Kiyohisa
Published: February 2019

Background:

Little consensus has been achieved on conservative treatments in patients with Rotator Cuff Tears (RCTs).

Objective:

To determine whether anatomical severities of RCTs were poor prognostic factors in conservative treatments.

Method:

This study included 102 shoulders with atraumatic RCTs diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. Partial-thickness tears were identified in 15 shoulders and full-thickness tears in 87 shoulders. Three patients had a concomitant subscapularis (SSC) tendon tear. All patients were treated conservatively with the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy. The visual analog scale (VAS), Constant scores, and active range of motion were evaluated as clinical outcomes. Pearson’s chi-square test and Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), or Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare the participant’s characteristics and clinical data. Treatment effectiveness among the tear size groups and with/without SSC tear groups was assessed using a two-factor repeated measures ANOVA.

Results:

Larger tears were associated with less improvement in VAS (p = 0.032). At the initial and final visits, larger tears showed lower constant scores (p = 0.014 and p < 0.001, respectively) and restricted forward elevation (FE) (p = 0.042 and p = 0.013, respectively). Shoulders with SSC tear showed higher VAS, lower constant scores, and lower FE at the final visit (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, and p=0.019, respectively). Patients with SSC tear underwent surgery more frequently than those without tear (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Larger RCTs and concomitant SSC tear are poor prognostic factors for the conservative treatment of atraumatic RCTs.
Distal Linear Metatarsal Osteotomy Combined with Akin Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus with Hallux Valgus Interphalangeus
Authors: Kanazawa Kazuki , Yoshimura Ichiro , Hagio Tomonobu , Yamamoto Takuaki
Published: February 2019

Background:

Minimally invasive distal linear metatarsal osteotomy is commonly performed to correct mild-to-moderate hallux valgus. The technique is easy to perform, fast, and has a low complication rate with satisfactory clinical results. However, it has so far not been applied to hallux valgus with concomitant hallux valgus interphalangeus deformity.

Objective:

We aimed to investigate the short-term clinical results of distal linear metatarsal osteotomy combined with Akin osteotomy in hallux valgus with concomitant hallux valgus interphalangeus deformity.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 10 patients (10 feet) who underwent surgery for hallux valgus with hallux valgus interphalangeus between 2012 and 2016. Akin osteotomy was performed and fixated with a screw/K-wire, followed by distal linear metatarsal osteotomy and K-wire fixation. Clinical evaluations pre- and postoperatively used the Japan Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) scale and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Radiography pre-and postoperatively assessed the hallux valgus, hallux valgus interphalangeus, and the intermetatarsal angle.

Results:

The mean follow-up period was 20.2 months. Both the JSSF and VAS score improved significantly, from 64.5 to 90.0 and from 5.5 to 1.1, respectively. In all patients, bone healing was complete within four months with no osteonecrosis of the metatarsal head or malunion at the osteotomy site. The hallux valgus angle improved from 31.5° to 7.7°, the hallux valgus interphalangeus angle from 17.2° to 5.8°, and the intermetatarsal angle from 11.7° to 5.5°.

Conclusion:

Distal linear metatarsal osteotomy combined with Akin osteotomy safely and effectively corrects mild-to-moderate hallux valgus with hallux valgus interphalangeus deformity.
Harvest Method Influences Color Stability of Longissimus Lumborum Steaks from Bos indicus Cattle
Authors: Salim Ana Paula A. A. , Suman Surendranath P. , Viana Fernanda M. , Monteiro Maria Lucia G. , Panzenhagen Pedro H. N. , Canto Anna C. V. C. S. , Conte-Junior Carlos A.
Published: February 2019

Brazil is a major beef exporter to countries where religious slaughter without stunning is mandatory. Fresh beef color influences consumers’ purchase decisions, and harvest method influences beef quality attributes, such as color, water holding capacity, pH, and lipid oxidation. Beef color is a breed-specific trait, and the excitable temperament of Bos indicus cattle can affect fresh meat color. Nonetheless, the effects of harvest method on color and oxidative stabilities of beef from Bos indicus cattle have not been investigated yet. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the impact of harvest method on color and oxidative stabilities of longissimus lumborum (LL) steaks from Bos indicus beef cattle. The LL muscles (24 h post-mortem) were obtained from 12 Nellore bull carcasses, harvested by either captive bolt stunning (CBP; n = 6) or without stunning (NST; n = 6). The muscles were fabricated into 2.54-cm steaks, aerobically packaged, and stored for 9 d at 4°C in darkness. Myoglobin concentration was analyzed on d 0, whereas pH, instrumental color, lipid oxidation, and water holding capacity were evaluated on d 0, 3, 6, and 9. While CBP and NST steaks exhibited similar (P > 0.05) myoglobin concentration (4.84 mg/g in CBP; 4.84 mg/g in NST), CBP steaks exhibited greater (P < 0.05) surface redness and color stability than their NST counterparts throughout the storage. On the other hand, NST steaks exhibited greater (P < 0.05) pH, yellowness, and water holding capacity than CBP steaks. Overall, the lightness and lipid oxidation were greater (P < 0.05) in NST steaks than their CBP counterparts. These results indicated that harvest method influences surface discoloration and oxidative stability of fresh LL steaks from Bos indicus cattle.
Startups para escuelas virtuales: el proceso de fundación de escuelas virtuales públicas K-12 en los Estados Unidos
Authors: Taylor Brett D. , McNair Delores E.
Published: February 2019

Los distritos escolares tradicionales no cuentan con mucha experiencia en lo referente a la educación a distancia, lo que ha causado la migración de estudiantes a institutos autónomos estatales. Para retener alumnos y ofrecer alternativas en las oportunidades de aprendizaje, cada vez más distritos públicos comienzan sus propias escuelas virtuales. El presente estudio muestra los procesos de fundación de tres de estos planteles ubicados en California en distritos escolares tradicionales. El análisis de los resultados reveló que la investigación preliminar, el apoyo distrital, la selección del personal docente, la evaluación financiera y curricular son claves en el proceso de fundación. De igual manera, obtuvimos conclusiones sorprendentes, entre las que se incluye la necesidad de las escuelas virtuales de adaptarse y cambiar constantemente en el enfoque. Estos descubrimientos conllevan implicaciones para los distritos tradicionales que se inician en el establecimiento de escuelas virtuales, pues las indagaciones nos indican que los cambios en las políticas podrían reducir la necesidad de adaptación antes mencionada.

--- 

Este artículo ha sido reproducido de la Revista The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning (IRRODL). Volumen 19, Número 1; utilizando una licencia Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0. © 2018. Autores: Brett D. Taylor and Delores E. McNair.

 
La videoconferencia, una estrategia para mejorar la comunicación en la educación a distancia
Authors: Gutiérrez Cervera María Del Pilar
Published: February 2019

Las nuevas generaciones, conocidas como generación Net o nativos digitales, tienen una forma diferente de asimilar la información, dando preferencia a la que obtienen mediante el lenguaje de las imágenes interactivas y sonidos, también denominada como multimedia. Esta característica particular de los jóvenes nos permite utilizar el sitio Web de Youtube para implementar el uso de las videoconferencias como una estrategia que permita una forma rápida de comunicarse de manera interactiva, dar asesoría y retroalimentación a los grupos de jóvenes (de 14 a 21 años) en las asignaturas del área de Ciencias Naturales del Bachillerato en Línea de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (BEL-UADY).
Addition of calcium propionate to finishing lamb diets
Authors: Martínez-Aispuro José A. , Sánchez-Torres María Teresa , Mendoza-Martínez German D. , Cordero Mora José L. , Figueroa-Velasco José L. , Ayala-Monter Marco A. , Crosby-Galván María M.
Published: February 2019

Calcium (Ca) propionate can be added to ruminant diets as a glucogenic substrate. However, due to its hypophagic effect, it is necessary to establish the optimal dose that can be used to replace grains in finishing diets for lambs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of four concentrations of Ca propionate in lamb diets on productive performance and rumen fermentation. Thirty two Hampshire x Suffolk lambs (23.82 ± 0.40 kg initial body weight), distributed in a completely randomized design, were given a diet with four concentrations of Ca propionate (g kg−1): 0, 10, 20 or 30 g, for 42 days. The results were tested for linear or quadratic responses. The final weight, average daily gain and feed: gain ratio showed quadratic responses (P ≤ 0.01). The optimal dose was established at 13.77 g kg−1 DM. Addition of Ca propionate did not affect variables related to rumen fermentation (pH, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate or rumen ammonia-N; P ≥ 0.05) . Nonetheless, glucose and propionate concentrations showed a quadratic response (P ≤ 0.05). The highest concentrations of propionate in rumen were observed with 15.14 g kg−1 DM. Results indicate that Ca propionate can be included in a dose of up to 13.77 g kg−1 DM in feedlot rations, to attain best lamb performance.
Effect of resveratrol on the in vitro maturation of ovine (Ovis aries) oocytes and the subsequent development of handmade cloned embryos
Authors: Martínez-Ibarra José Luis , Espinoza-Mendoza Eugenia Adriana , Rangel-Santos Raymundo , Ambriz-García Demetrio Alonso , Navarro-Maldonado María Del Carmen
Published: February 2019

The effect of resveratrol on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of ovine (Ovis aries) oocytes and the development of handmade cloned embryos was evaluated. The nuclear maturation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the oocytes, as well as the early development and morphological cloned embryo quality, were evaluated under different resveratrol concentrations (0, 0.5, 2 and 5 μM). After IVM, no significant difference was observed in the maturation rate of oocytes treated with 0.5 μM (81.3 %) and 2 μM (72 %) resveratrol compared to that of the control group (0 μM) (74.2 %), but the rate significantly decreased at 5 μM (56 %) (p < 0.05). When the oocyte ROS levels were determined, no significant differences among the groups were observed (p > 0.05). For cloned embryo development, the embryos obtained from the oocytes treated with 0.5 μM resveratrol showed higher (p < 0.05) compacted morula rates (10.7 %) compared to the embryos obtained from the oocytes treated with 0, 2 and 5 μM (6.2, 0 and 0 %, respectively). Regarding embryo morphological quality, the embryos from the oocytes treated with 0.5 μM resveratrol showed a lower rate of poor quality morulae (4.7 %) in comparison to those treated with 0, 2 and 5 μM (23.8, 23.3 and 33.3 %, respectively) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, resveratrol showed no significant improvement on the IVM or ROS levels in domestic ovine oocytes. However, treatment with 0.5 μM resveratrol during IVM improved embryo quality and promoted morulae compaction of Ovis aries handmade cloned embryos.Figure 3. Different developmental stages of the HMC sheep embryos cultured in the WOW system. Cleaved embryos (a-d), 8‒16 blastomere embryos (e-h), morulae (i-l) and compact morulae (m-p) (200X).
El premio Nobel de química 2018: evolución dirigida de enzimas y anticuerpos
Authors: Saab Rincón Gloria
Published: February 2019

El Premio Nobel de Química 2018, fue otorgado a tres investigadores independientes que de alguna u otra manera a lo largo de su trayectoria contribuyeron a imitar el proceso de evolución natural para manipular genes que codifican proteínas con el fin de modificar su función.
Interdisciplinary trust and respect protects patients from changing power dynamics in healthcare
Authors: Gogineni Sahithi , Choucair Iman
Published: February 2019

The changing culture of power relationships in healthcare, and its effect on the coordination of patient care, is highlighted.
Sibling relationship quality and young children’s mental health in Chinese two-child families
Authors: Yin Xiayun , Li Zhihua , Li Jianhua , Liu Xiaoqun
Published: February 2019

With enactment of the universal two-child policy in China in 2016, the two-child family will replace the one-child family as the main family form. In this study we examined the contribution of sibling relationship quality in shaping the mental health of Chinese children in a two-child
family. Parents (N = 280) reported the quality of their children’s sibling relationship, and their firstborn’s problematic and prosocial behavior, and temperament. Parents’ marital satisfaction and coparenting were also assessed. The results showed that after we had
controlled for the child characteristics of age, gender, temperament, sibling age difference, and sibling gender difference, and for the parental characteristics of age and marital satisfaction, and coparenting, sibling negativity and positivity were both significantly related to child problematic
behavior. In addition, sibling positivity was significantly related to child prosocial behavior. The results suggest that parents in a two-child family should provide guidance for their children’s sibling relationship, and, in particular, increase the children’s positive interaction
to improve their mental health.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Rekomendasi Pemberian Remisi Pada Narapidana Menggunakan Metode Topsis (Studi Kasus Pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas II-A Palu)
Authors: Dodu A.Y. Erwin , Anshori Yusuf , Limbong Dennis Tandi
Published: February 2019

Remission is a reduction of criminal punishment given to prisoners who have been regulated in the laws of the Republic of Indonesia. The process of giving scores to inmates in Class IIA Palu Correctional Institution with certain criteria aims to facilitate the employees of Palu Class IIA to get recommendation of remission of prisoners. The decision support system in this research uses Technique for Order Preference method by Similiarity to Ideal Solution ( TOPSIS) which is one of the multicriteria decision-making methods, where the basic idea of this method is that the chosen alternative has the closest distance to the ideal solution and the furthest from the ideal negative solution. In determining the inmates who receive remission recommendation in Correctional Institution Class IIA Palu there are 6 criteria which become the basis of decision making such as health condition, special skill and leadership skill, social life, never breaking order and not being a recidivist. The final result in this study is the result of calculation of proximity relative to the ideal solution that is sorted from the highest value to the lowest value so that employees of Correctional Institution Class IIA can easily take a decision on remission recommendations by looking at the results of the sorting
The importance of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene for building daylighting
Authors: Pavlovic Adrijana , Djoric-Veljkovic Snezana , Karamarkovic Jugoslav
Published: February 2019

Nowadays, it is possible to implement and realize solutions that once seemed
inconceivable. Namely, the development of novel technologies allows the
implementation of creative ideas, as well as new approach to building
design. The use of the state of the art technology offers the application of
functional high-tech coatings and building claddings. Hence, a new
generation of plastic - ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) is increasingly
used in buildings and architectural structures. The use of ETFE is increased
due to its very low weight, high transparency potential and possibility to
control the utilization of daylight in buildings, as well as due to
self-sufficient performances and low environmental load. Therefore, it is
necessary to overcome a lack of information on some advantages of this
environmentally friendly material. In this paper, the properties and
possibilities of applications of ETFE are presented. It increasingly
replaces traditional glazing and enables the implementation of creative
solutions due to its performance and possibility of advancing sustainable
construction. This could contribute to sustainable development and to the
prevention of the negative influence to climate change.
Architecture and ceramic materials, development through time: Adobe and brick
Authors: Momcilovic-Petronijevic Ana , Toplicic-Curcic Gordana , Curcic Aleksandra
Published: February 2019

The fired earth products are from the dawn of time very readily used as a
building material in architecture. Regardless of the geographical area, or
era, both adobe and bricks have been often used because they are easy and
cheap to manufacture. The paper provides the review of adobe and brick use,
from the earliest times until nowadays. The evolution of their production,
forms, physical properties and ways of their usage on the structures are
presented. The goal of the paper is an analysis of development of use of
these products which will certainly remain in use for many years to come.
Research and evaluating of hypothetically-deductive student reasoning in Republic Serbia
Authors: Radulovic Branka , Stojanovic Maja
Published: February 2019

The goal of this research is an examination of the degree of development of
hypothetical-deductive reasoning in general high schools (?gymnasiums?) in
the Republic of Serbia. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning is one of the
categories of scientific reasoning that can be measured by the Lawson test.
The main characteristic of this reasoning is the indication of the degree of
development of abstract thinking in adolescents. Adolescents who have
developed this method of reasoning can "operate" statements, establish
complex relationships among them, and combine them in a systematic way by
reaching a set of all possible combinations. Hypothetical-deductive
reasoning is especially important during experiments in physics teaching. It
is therefore important to examine how many students have reached this level
of reasoning, and find a way to increase the level of scientific reasoning
of students. The research involved 654 high school students from Novi Sad
and Backa Palanka. The results of the study showed that around 13% of
gymnasiums answered correctly all questions related to
hypothetical-deductive reasoning. The obtained data indicate that for most
students, hypothetical-deductive reasoning has not been developed. The paper
presents the way in which hypothetical-deductive reasoning can be developed
or stimulated.
Effect of mother’s age on body weight of lambs from birth to weaning in various strains of domestic sheep Pramenka
Authors: Ristanovic Bojana , Ilic Zoran
Published: February 2019

This study has been conducted on the domestic sheep Pramenka that is a
dominant breed in Serbia. The purpose is to determine the effects of
mother?s age on suckling and growth of lambs, and to find out at which week
the lambs are normally weaned. Research was carried out on 1800 lambs of
four strains (Svrljiski, Pirotski, Sjeni?ki, Sarplaninski) of sheep Pramenka
(450 lambs per strain) for body weight. The weight of lambs was measured at
the time of birth, 30, 60 and 90 days after birth during three years of
experiment (2011-2013). Obtained results refer to variability of body weight
of lambs at the time of birth, 30, 60 and 90 days after birth depending on
mother?s age within each of four strains of Pramenka sheep. At the time of
birth, the highest average weight (3.79 kg) of lambs was found in second age
group of Pirotska genotype, while the highest average weight in third age
group was found in remaining three Svrljiska (3.91 kg), Sjeni?ka (3.74 kg)
and Sarplaninska (3.97 kg) strain of Pramenka sheep. Thirty days after birth
the highest average weight of lambs was found in the second age group of
Pirotska genotype (9.36 kg), in the first age group in Svrljiska (9.89 kg),
while the highest average weight in third age group was found in remaining
two Sjeni?ka (9.51 kg) and Sarplaninska (9.41 kg) strain of Pramenka sheep.
Sixty days after birth, the highest average weight of lambs was found in
third age group of Pirotska genotype (15.85 kg), in second age group in
Svrljiska (15.51 kg) and Sjeni?ka (15.50 kg) genotypes, while the highest
average weight in first age group was found in Sarplaninska (14.45 kg)
strain of Pramenka sheep. Ninety days after birth, the highest average
weight of lambs was found in second age group of Pirotska (20.58 kg) and
Sarplaninska (20.45 kg) genotype, while the highest average weight in first
age group was found in Svrljiska (24.38 kg) and Sjeni?ka (23.76 kg) strain
of Pramenka sheep. The variability in body weight of lambs at birth, as well
at different stages of growth after weaning at early growth stages is
influenced by direct maternal genotype, strains of Pramenka sheep and age of
ewes.
A review on antibiotic resistance: Origin and mechanisms of bacterial resistance as biological phenomenon
Authors: Perovic Svetlana , Veinovic Gorana , Antic-Stankovic Jelena
Published: February 2019

Antimicrobial resistance is a natural biological phenomenon in their struggle
for existence and represents a major health care issue, associated with high
mortality and morbidity. The first cases of mass emergence of resistant
strains were observed in the middle of the 20th century, and since then
cases of resistance have been reported all over the world, and in the last
two decades even more frequently are reported multiple bacterial resistance.
Factors that contribute to the development of bacteria resistance are abuse
in the use of antibacterial agents, in humans or livestock, and releases of
antibacterial agents into the environment. Moreover, the development of new
effective antibiotics is decreasing, contrary to increasing the overall
effort for the synthesis of new ones. Identification and reporting of
bacterial resistance, as well as monitoring of the use of antibiotics in the
outpatient and inpatient setting, today is the obligation of all countries.
Assessment stability of maize lines yield by GGE-biplot analysis
Authors: Bozovic Dragan , Zivanovic Tomislav , Popovic Vera , Tatic Mladen , Gospavic Zagorka , Miloradovic Zoran , Stankovic Goran , Djokic Milorad
Published: February 2019

Maize genotypes have varied reactions in different localities, years,
treatments or the combination of these factors, due to genotype x year
interaction. The objective of this study was to estimate genotype by
locality, by year, by treatments (G?L?Y?T) interaction using AMMI model, to
identify maize genotypes with stable and high yield performance in different
growing seasons. The trials with seven maize lines/genotypes were conducted
during two years (2010-2011) at the four treatments and two locations:
Pan?evo and Zemun Polje. The results showed that the influence of: genotype
(G), locality (L), treatment (T) and G?L, G?T, Y?L, Y?T, L?T, G?Y?T, G?L?T,
Y?L?T, G?Y?L?T interaction, on maize yield were significant (p<0.01). The
share of genotype for maize grain yield in the total phenotypic variance was
21.16%, the aggregate share of the years and the locality was 6.10%, the
treatment was 18.22%, and the total interaction was 54.52%. The AMMI
analysis of the main components of IPCA1 and IPCA2 for the interaction of
G?L and G?T shows that the first major component, IPCA1, comprises 100% of
the sum of the squared interaction G?L and showed a statistically
significant effect. The results also show that the sums of the squares of
the first and second major components (PC1 and PC2) constitute 100% of the
sum of the squared interaction G?L. The IPCA1 share in the G?T interaction
was 47.39% and the IPC2 was 37.94%. IPC1 and IPC2 for this interaction was
85.33%. A high level of IPC2 indicates a significant treatment effect. The
results of AMI analysis show that there is a significant difference between
the genotype reactions to different ecological conditions for investigated
factors. It also provided better insight in specific association between
maize grain yield, locality, treatment and meteorological variables. Among
the tested maize lines/genotypes, L-5, L-4 and L-6 could be separated as
highest yielding genotypes, however L-5 could be recommended for further
breeding program and in large-scale seed production due to its stable and
high yielding performance.