bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
D’O’Connell à Robespierre.
Authors: Harvey Louis-Georges
Published: March 2019

Les représentations de Papineau qui émergent dans le discours politique anglophone des années 1820 et 1830 se construisent à l’aide d’un vocabulaire politique et de dialectiques qui structurent la sphère publique locale, mais qui découlent de multiples traditions discursives observées dans les contextes britanniques, étatsuniens, ainsi qu’ailleurs en Amérique du Nord britannique. Les textes consacrés à Papineau entre 1827 et 1832 tournent sur la question de son aptitude à assumer les fonctions de président de l’Assemblée et de son rôle à la tête d’une cabale politique, que l’on désigne « Papineau faction ». Les journaux réformistes repoussent ces critiques et leur opposent une représentation de Papineau comme défenseur des droits du « peuple » bas-canadien au sens large du mot. Les attaques des critiques du chef patriote s’intensifient entre 1832 et 1834, alors qu’on insiste particulièrement sur la démagogie du chef patriote. Après 1834, les nombreux textes dédiés à Papineau le personnifient sous les traits d’un révolutionnaire français, parfois même de Robespierre, témoignent de la vigueur de la tradition anti-jacobine au Bas-Canada. Dans tous les cas, la figure de Papineau vient à incarner certains prototypes bien établis dans l’univers discursif de l’époque que les intervenants brandissent pour susciter la réaction du lecteur en renvoyant des images et des références historiques déjà très familières.
J’ai pensé à vous…
Authors: Mathieu Jocelyne
Published: March 2019

La carte postale est un moyen de correspondance brève. On la connaît surtout comme expression d’une pensée adressée à un proche à l’occasion d’un voyage, d’où son association avec le tourisme. D’abord pour la correspondance d’affaire, la carte postale sert souvent d’outil publicitaire en étant produite par des boutiques, des ateliers ou des sites à visiter; des produits sont ainsi promus, notamment comme souvenirs à rapporter. Certaines cartes mettent en valeur l’artisanat textile; elles s’avèrent alors d’un intérêt documentaire pour les chercheurs et les collectionneurs; quelques-unes retiennent ici notre attention.
Rituels, modernisation et fierté
Authors: Fortin Andrée
Published: March 2019

J’ai la mémoire qui tourne est une série télévisée de 12 émissions documentaires de 46 minutes, réalisée à partir de « films de famille », c’est-à-dire tournés au sein de familles québécoises entre les années 1920 et 1980, recueillis et mis en forme par les Productions de la Ruelle. Rituels et modernité en marche sont deux des lignes de force de la série; une troisième ligne narrative est la fierté découlant de la construction de la modernité à travers les aléas et les difficultés de toutes sortes. Pour construire une telle mémoire collective, il ne suffit pas de faire défiler des images. Les films de famille présentent le plus souvent des défauts techniques: l’image saute, elle est parfois surexposée, le cadrage est approximatif; la parole compense ces défauts, explique l’intérêt de l’image malgré ces défauts. Les stratégies de construction mémorielle ainsi que les mécanismes permettant le passage de la mémoire familiale à la mémoire collective sont ici analysés.
Educational Experimental Platform for Emulation of Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Lale Srđan , Šoja Milomir , Lubura Slobodan , Ikić Marko
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a one solution for photovoltaic (PV) emulator. A main part of the developed PV emulator is buckconverter with recently proposed new I2 dual current mode control (I2 DCMC). The given simulation and experimental resultsdemonstrate excellent performances of the proposed PV emulator: matching between the characteristics obtained from the developedmathematical (simulation) model of the PV module and from the PV emulator, adaptability to the emulated changes in solar insolationand temperature, simple and efficient manipulation with PV module parameters and operating conditions, which is useful especially foreducation purposes, and fast dynamics.
Networked and Cloud Control Systems - Modern Challenges in Control Engineering
Authors: Popović Nataša , Naumović Milica
Published: March 2019

The paper describes development of some control techniques used in the feedback control systems. Modern control trends,with attention to networked control systems (NCS), and basic assumptions for introducing a new control concept – control in the cloudare described. Networked control systems techniques initiated the development of concept of Internet of Things and are fundamental incloud control systems design. Network induced delays that occur in NCSs, as a result of the presence of a communication network, andNCSs stability are considered, as well. Time delays and data dropouts influence on the NCS behavior and stability is analyzed, and somerelations for maximum allowable delay bound estimation are provided. It is shown, on example of DC motor control, that networkedsystem behaves in desired manner and remains stable if the delay is less then estimated maximum bound. When data dropouts occur,system delays become greater and lead to the system instability. Cloud control systems use some techniques of NCSs and cloudcomputing. These techniques are briefly presented and are necessary to complete control tasks in the cloud.
Application of Multi Criteria Decision Making for the Selection of Optimal Solid Wood Fuel Supply
Authors: Vasković Srđan , Gvero Petar , Batinić Krsto , Halilović Velid , Medaković Vlado , Musić Jusuf
Published: March 2019

Production of solid fuels from wooden biomass is defined with appropriate energy chain of supply. The notion of energy chain concept has been defined as the trajectory of energy transformations from the fuel source or energy sources to useful energy form to end users. Supply chain for production solid fuels from wooden biomass is also energy chain with high importance in biomass energy planning. In this paper, base for testing and research is developed mathematical model in previous published paper with preliminary note titled as “Multi-Criteria Optimization Concept for the Selection of Optimal Solid Fuels Supply Chain from Wooden Biomass“ at Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering. Three supply chains have been included in comparison: production of wood chips at the terminal – variant 1, production of pellet – variant 2 and production of wood chips by means of a mobile chipper in a forest – variant 3. The VIKOR methodology is used for total ranking all mentioned chains. Real input data have been used for mathematical calculation correspond to Bosnia and Herzegovina conditions.
H3K9me3 is required for inheritance of small RNAs that target a unique subset of newly evolved genes
Authors: Lev Itamar , Gingold Hila , Rechavi Oded
Published: March 2019

In Caenorhabditis elegans, RNA interference (RNAi) responses can transmit across generations via small RNAs. RNAi inheritance is associated with Histone-3-Lysine-9 tri-methylation (H3K9me3) of the targeted genes. In other organisms, maintenance of silencing requires a feed-forward loop between H3K9me3 and small RNAs. Here, we show that in C. elegans not only is H3K9me3 unnecessary for inheritance, the modification’s function depends on the identity of the RNAi-targeted gene. We found an asymmetry in the requirement for H3K9me3 and the main worm H3K9me3 methyltransferases, SET-25 and SET-32. Both methyltransferases promote heritable silencing of the foreign gene gfp, but are dispensable for silencing of the endogenous gene oma-1. Genome-wide examination of heritable endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs) revealed that endo-siRNAs that depend on SET-25 and SET-32 target newly acquired and highly H3K9me3 marked genes. Thus, ‘repressive’ chromatin marks could be important specifically for heritable silencing of genes which are flagged as ‘foreign’, such as gfp.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Geochemical characteristics of dissolved heavy metals in Zhujiang River, Southwest China: spatial-temporal distribution, source, export flux estimation, and a water quality assessment
Authors: Zeng Jie , Han Guilin , Wu Qixin , Tang Yang
Published: March 2019

To investigate the sources and spatial-temporal distribution of dissolved heavy metals in river water, and to evaluate the water quality, a total of 162 water samples were collected from 81 key sampling points in high and low flow seasons separately in the Zhujiang River, Southwest China. Ten dissolved heavy metals (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cd, Ba, and Pb) in the Zhujiang River water exhibit little variation at temporal scale, but vary with a significant spatial heterogeneity. Furthermore, different metals present different variation trends along the main channel of the Zhujiang River. Our results suggest that Ba (14.72 μg L−1 in low flow season and 12.50 μg L−1 in high flow season) and Cr (6.85 μg L−1 in low flow season and 7.52 μg L−1 in high flow season) are consistently the most abundant metals in the two sampling periods. According to the water quality index (WQI values ranged from 1.3 to 43.9) and health risk assessment, metals investigated in Zhujiang River are below the hazard level (all hazard index (HI) < 1). Application of statistical approaches, including correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA), identify three principal components that account for 61.74% of the total variance, the results conclude that the anthropogenic heavy metals (V, Cr, Ni, and Cu) are greatly impacted by the dilution effect, and the heavy metals in Zhujiang River are mainly presented a natural sources signature from the perspective of entire basin. Moreover, our results reveal that the estimated export budget of several heavy metals including V (735.6 t year−1), Cr (1,561.1 t year−1), Ni (498.2 t year−1), and Mo (118.9 t year−1) to the ocean are higher than the world average.
Microgeographic variation in body condition of three Mexican garter snakes in central Mexico
Authors: Valencia-Flores Erika , Venegas-Barrera Crystian S. , Fajardo Victor , Manjarrez Javier
Published: March 2019

Background

Geographic variation in body size and condition can reveal differential local adaptation to resource availability or climatic factors. Body size and condition are related to fitness in garter snakes (Thamnophis), thus good body condition may increase survival, fecundity in females, and mating success in males. Phylogenetically related species in sympatry are predicted to exhibit similar body condition when they experience similar environmental conditions. We focused on interspecific and geographical variation in body size and condition in three sympatric Mexican garter snakes from the highlands of Central Mexico.

Methods

We assessed SVL, mass, and body condition (obtained from Major axis linear regression of ln-transformed body mass on ln-transformed SVL) in adults and juveniles of both sexes ofThamnophis eques,T. melanogaster, andT. scalarissampled at different locations and ranges from 3–11 years over a 20-year period.

Results

We provide a heterogeneous pattern of sexual and ontogenic reproductive status variations of body size and condition among local populations. Each garter snake species shows locations with good and poor body condition; juvenile snakes show similar body condition between populations, adults show varying body condition between populations, and adults also show sex differences in body condition. We discuss variations in body condition as possibly related to the snakes’ life cycle differences.
Evaluation of Indigenous Cuisine in Hotels and Restaurants in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Uloma Aji, Rosemary , Okoro Okoro, Enyinnaya , Chinenye Managwu, Lilian
Published: March 2019

As a result of the economic and social contribution of hospitality and tourism industry, there is a strong competition all over the world for the indigenous cuisine of the area. Most people are attracted to a specific area based on the cuisine. The aim of this study is to identify the major indigenous cuisine serve in Hotels and restaurant in Aba, since indigenous cuisine attracts tourists. Twenty (20) selected hotels were used for the study. Data for the study were collected using questionnaire and oral interviews. Descriptive statistics and simple percentage were used for the study. The result obtained shows that most hotels in Aba serve mainly continental cuisine more than the indigenous cuisine. Therefore the need to encourage branding of indigenous cuisine since it boosts our local economy, attracts tourists and our cuisine is more nourishing than the continental cuisine.
Contribution of Poultry Farming to Livelihood of Rural Families in Nepal: A Case Study of Dailekh District
Authors: Dhakal Matilal
Published: March 2019

The present study aims to investigate the employment and income generation of small farmers through family poultry. The objectives of the study confined (1) to identify socio economic features of family poultry, (2) to examine the impact of family poultry on household improvement, to determine cost, return and profitability of family poultry, (3) to identify the problems faced by family poultry farmer and for its improvement. The data were collected from 60 family poultry farms from Naumule Rural Municipality of Dailekh district through semi-structured questionnaire interview. The result of this study showed that average gross return, total cost and net return of family poultry households were Rs.1,26,000, Rs. 73,000 and Rs. 53,000 respectively and benefit cost ratio was 1.72. Family poultry farming brought positive changes in different types of livelihood indicators as family income, family savings, employment status, food security and daily protein intake, drinking water and sanitation, and overall development. It also generated on average 92.5 working man days per year per households as employment opportunity. This study also identified some economic problems, marketing problems, technical problems, social and natural problems and their provable solutions. Household assets and health status of family poultry were also improved. Thus, family poultry has positive and significant impact for improvement of rural livelihood. However, poor management conditions and poorly developed marketing structures are problems faced by family poultry farmers. This study recommends enhancing skills of family poultry farmers through trainings and educations, provide credit or loan facility for establish of this enterprise, and should improved marketing system.
The Influence of Vocational Rehabilitation for Societal Re- Integration of Inmates in Nigerian Prisons in Rivers State
Authors: TamBari Deebom, MtormaBari , Promise Kooli, Ledornu , Ibiso Deebom,
Published: March 2019

The study examines how vocational trades’ acquisition rehabilitates inmates for reintegration in to the society.  Inmates that are expose to vocational training during the period of incarceration easily gets rehabilitated and can reintegrate in to the society upon discharge as a result of possession of skills that can make him/her useful. The study adopted the descriptive research survey design. The population of the study consists of 4723 inmates and 509 prison officers. A sample of 593 respondents (369 convicted inmates and 224 officers) were selected which is a representative of the population. Inmates were purposively selected while simple random sampling technique was adopted for the selection of the officers from four Nigerian prisons in Rivers State. Three research questions were answered with two null hypotheses that were tested at 0.05 significant levels. Instrument for data collection was a self-constructed questionnaire titled “Vocational Rehabilitation of Inmates for Societal Reintegration Questionnaire” (VRISRQ) which was validated by two experts. The instrument was designed using a checklist and Likert-5 point rating scale of agreement. The instrument was subjected to reliability test through Kuder-Richardson formula 20 (KR20) and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Reliability coefficients of 0.87, 0.82 and 0.86 were obtained for different sections of the instrument respectively. Frequency and percentage was used to answered research question 1 while research questions 2 and 3 were answered using mean with standard deviation. Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significant using independent sample t-test. The findings of the study revealed that vocational trades that are available in Nigerian prisons in Rivers State can rehabilitate inmates if they are acquired. The study also found that acquisitions of vocational trades by inmates are marred with challenges such as poor training facilities, poor funding. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that prison authorities should expose the inmates to vocational trades that are available in the prison for acquisition to enhance their rehabilitation and reintegration and that Government, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) should assist in provision of training facilities in the prison as this will make acquisition of vocational trades realizable.
Sustainability, Population and Structure of Woody Species Composition of Taraba State Forests
Authors: Bunde Meer, Bernard , Iyiola Tella, , Saka M. G. , Isaac Nyiputen, , Solomon Gbande, , Hezel Chapman,
Published: March 2019

Sustainability, population and structure of woody species composition of Taraba state forests were studied for future management strategies that allow a more sustainable use of woody species and a better conservation of forest ecosystems. The objectives of the study were to study the woody species dominance, important value index and population structure in different ecological zones of Taraba State forests. Data were obtained through woody species survey and the study area was stratified into three ecological zones and two protected areas. Five plots each measuring 50×50 m were sampled in each protected area and two protected areas were also sampled from each ecological zone. A total of 30 plots and 6 protected areas were sampled and all the woody species that occurred in the plots were also sampled. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Tables, percentages, frequency, ANOVA and LSD. A total of 3760 individual woody stands from 60, 34 and 32 species in Montane Forest, Southern and Northern Guinea Savanna respectively were recorded. Strombosia postulate, Pleiocarpa pycnantha, Pericopsis laxiflora, Hymenocardia acida and Ziziphus mauritiana were the dominance species while their corresponding rarest species were Goria sp, Afzelia africana, Elaesis guneensis, Combretum tomentosum and Ficus sur. Strombosia postulate and Pleiocarpa pycnantha were the dominant woody species with high important value indices in Montane forest zone as opposed to Pericopsis laxiflora and Ziziphus mauritiana which dominated the Southern and Northern guinea savanna respectively. The rarest species of Goria sp, Afzelia africana, Elaesis guneensis, Combretum tomentosum and Ficus sur in the study area could be connected to its usefulness as fodder species. The population structure of woody species was found to be very low in the middle diameter classes.The diameter class distribution resembles interrupted “U” shape indicating the removal of merchantable trees. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the protected areas and ecological zones due to the low dominance and important value indices. This needs appropriate management techniques to improve forest composition and structure in the study area for sustainability.
AMMI and GGE Analyses of Soyabean (Glycine max L. Merrill) Genotypes Infected and Uninfected with Cucumber mosaic virus
Authors: Salaudeen M. T. , Akinyemi A. A. , Wada A. C. , Adama C. J. , Ogunsola K. E. , Muhammad A. N.
Published: March 2019

Soyabean is an important source of protein for millions of people in developing countries. However, infection by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causes devastating losses. Cultivation of resistant varieties has been identified as the best management strategy in many crops. The present study was, therefore, conducted to identify soyabean genotypes with high stability for growth and seed weight under CMV and disease-free conditions. Thus, eight soyabean genotypes were evaluated as CMV-infected and uninfected, using completely randomised design replicated five times and set up in the screenhouse at the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Minna, (lat.9°40֬ N;long 6°30֬ E at an altitude of 220 m.a.s.l), Nigeria in 2018. Soyabean seedlings were infected with the virus by sap transmission at 10 days after sowing (DAS). Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative (AMMI) analyses of the evaluated parameters for growth and seed weight of the test genotypes showed that environments’ effects -infected and uninfected- were significant (p<0.05). They accounted for 100% Genotype × Environment (G×E) interaction. Disease-free soyabean plants enhanced significantly higher growth and seed weight than the CMV-infected plants. The AMMI and Genotype main effects (G) plus Genotype×Environment (GGE) analyses showed that TGX 1993-4FN was the genotype with the greatest stability for leaf diameter, leaf length, number of leaves per plant, number of days to flowering and seed weight. It is recommended that, the soyabean genotype TGX 1993-4FN, can be exploited for breeding purposes and strategies that will prevent CMV infection in soyabean fields should so be adopted by farmers.
TDZ Plays Key Role in Shoot Regeneration from Different Explants of Picrorhiza kurroa: An Endangered Medicinal Herb of Western Himalayas
Authors: Patial Vanita , Bhattacharya Amita
Published: March 2019

Picrorhiza kurroa plants were collected from its natural habitat. In vitro plants were raised from the leaves of high yielding collection screened in an earlier study. Leaves, roots and internodal segments were cultured for 15 days. The effect of thidiazuron (1-phenyl-3-(1, 2, 3- thiadiazol-5-yl) urea; TDZ) pretreatment for 15 days on regeneration potential of different explants viz. leaves, roots and internodes of Picrorhiza kurroa was studied. Regeneration potential varied significantly with the type of explant. Regeneration response of 100% with 46.25 shoots per explant was obtained in leaf segments of 2.0 cm length pretreated with 0.5 µM TDZ for 15 days and then transferred to 2.32 µM kinetin (Kn) containing MS basal medium. In case of root explants maximum shoot number (17.12) was obtained on 0.5 µM TDZ pretreated for 15 days and then to 3.64 µM Kn. Maximum shoots per explants (12.33) were obtained in case of internodes pretreated with 0.5 µM TDZ for 15 days and transferred to 1.16 µM Kn. Regenerated shoots from different explants developed in vitro rooting on MS basal medium within 7-8 days. Conclusively, an efficient and repeatable protocol for rapid regeneration from different explants and in vitro rooting has been developed in P. kurroa which can be effectively used for its conservation.
Comparative Study on the Proximate Composition, Functional and Sensory Properties of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Custard Products
Authors: Odimegwu Nkiru E. , Ubbaonu Collins N. , Ofoedu Chigozie E. , Akajiaku Linda O. , Njoku Njideka E. , Agunwah Ijeoma M. , Alagbaoso Serah O. , Iwuh Glory E.
Published: March 2019

Aim: To advance the creation of variety through food product development and innovation, a comparative study of custard products with Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Pawpaw (Carica papaya) was done.

Study Design: This study was made to fit into a one way Analysis of Variance.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out at the Department of Food Science and Technology laboratory, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, between March 2017 and August 2018.

Methodology: Different ratios of corn starch to pawpaw or turmeric were used in the custard product while a commercial custard product was used as the control. The samples were evaluated for proximate composition, microbiological analysis, functional and sensory properties.

Results: The water absorption capacity (1.44% to 1.64%), swelling index (5.27% to 6.77%), bulk density (0.68% to 1.55%) and gelation concentration (6.47% to 8.62%) of the turmeric treated custard and pawpaw treated custard were significantly different (P<0.05) from the control sample. The pawpaw treated custard had a higher protein and ash content compared to turmeric treated custard and control. With regards to the general acceptability of the custard products, the control was much accepted while the pawpaw sample was moderately accepted by the panellist. Microbial result showed that the pawpaw treated custard had an acceptable level of Streptococcus spp. The contamination level in the pawpaw treated custard, turmeric treated custard and the control were below the safety level recommended by International Microbiology Standard Limits for pseudomonas spp.

Conclusion: The development of these custard products showed that pawpaw treated custard is acceptable and may compete favourably in the market since it has better aroma than some commercial custard present in Nigeria. It is also important to pay close attention to the handling and processing of these products so as to promote food product safety.
Heavy Metals Contamination and Potential Human Health Risk via Consumption of Vegetables from Selected Communities in ONELGA, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbo Ahiakwo Bright , Patrick-Iwuanyanwu Kingsley C.
Published: March 2019

Background: Anthropogenic activities such as excessive oil exploration, automobile emissions with agricultural activities, etc tend to elevate the concentrations of heavy metals in the soil. These metals are accumulated by plant roots, thereby resulting to heavy metal contamination of such plants.

Objectives: This study evaluated the concentration of heavy metals namely: Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As), Iron (Fe), and Copper (Cu) in edible vegetables from selected communities in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area (ONELGA), Rivers State, Nigeria, and the concentrations of these metals were used to assess the human health risk posed to the consumers of the edible vegetables.

Materials and Methods: Sixteen different vegetable samples comprising Vernonia amygdalina, Talinum triangulare, Abelmoschus esculentus and Telfairia occidentalis were digested and analyzed for heavy metals using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (F-AAS). Results obtained from this study were used to estimate the human health risk of these heavy metals.

Results: The results showed that the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, As, Fe, and Cu ranged from 0.168-4.908; 0.364-2.977; 2.780-10.241; 0.157-2.633; 61.589-101.520 and 12.029-46.540 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni and As in some of the analyzed vegetable samples exceeded the permissible limit as recommended by WHO/FAO, EC/CODEX and NAFDAC respectively. The concentration of Fe and Cu were below the permissible limit as recommended by WHO/FAO. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of Pb and Cd exceeded the permissible tolerable daily intake of metals (TDI) but fall within the upper tolerable daily intake (UTDI) recommended by Institute of medicine, FDA, also Ni, Fe, and Cu fall within the recommended TDI and the UTDI. The EDI values of As exceeded the recommended TDI and the UTDI. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Hazard Index (HI) values of Pb, Cd, Cu and Ni were greater than 1. The Life Cancer Risk (LCR) of Pb were within the range of permissible predicted lifetime risks for carcinogens as recommended by US EPA.

Conclusion: The result from the present study indicate that the exposed population may be at risk of Pb, Cd, Ni and Cu toxicity.
Identification of Hemin-binding Protein of Oral Streptococci via Electrophoresis in SDS Polyacrylamide Gel
Authors: Kim Eun Jeong , Lee Si Young
Published: March 2019

Background and Objectives: It has been reported that hemin binding proteins are involved in the mechanism of obtaining iron in some bacteria. Oral streptococci in the dental plaque are assumed to acquire iron through hemin or hemin compounds. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of a protein (hemin binding protein) involved in the hemin binding mechanism of oral streptococci.

Methodology: In this study, we investigated the presence of proteins involved in hemin binding of oral streptococci through sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis using hemin-agarose beads.

Results: As a result of SDS-PAGE analysis, similar or different sizes of hemin binding protein bands were observed depending on the strains belonging to streptococci. The molecular weight of hemin binding protein in Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus rattus, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus oralis were approximately 95 kDa, 43 kDa, 43 kDa, 39 kDa, and 39 kDa, respectively.

Conclusion: In this study, the presence of hemin binding protein in streptococci was confirmed and the proteins involved in hemin binding in different species of oral streptococci may be different.
Clinical Concerns in Counseling Clients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Shaughnessy Michael F. , Johnson Aaron , Rucker Lela
Published: March 2019

Counseling clients who have experienced an open or closed head injury can be quite problematic and present challenges in different realms. This paper explores some of these disparate realms and offers some insights as to counseling strategies that may need to be explored and examined. Realistic goals and objectives are needed and attention to specific areas of concern are examined.
Monitoring the Maturation of Crambe Seeds Using X-ray Image Analysis
Authors: De Freitas Bruno Antonio Lemos , Neri Soares Tássia Fernanda Santos , De Medeiros André Dantas , Ferreira Filho José Geraldo De Araújo , Ferreira Kamylla Calzolari , Fialho Camila Andrade
Published: March 2019

The application of modern and efficient techniques to access seed physical and physiological information has contributed to new advances in the agricultural sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphometric parameters obtained from the X-Ray analysis using crambe seeds harvested at different maturation stages and to relate them to seed physiological potential. Seeds harvested at different maturation stages were evaluated using X-Ray test, germination, first germination count, germination speed index, root protrusion velocity and accelerated aging. The Principal Components Analysis was applied to data collected. The results demonstrated that the X-Ray analysis allowed to visualize internal morphology of crambe seeds. Differences between seeds harvested at different maturation levels were observed. Correlations between physical variables were verified, such as seed area with germination (r = 0.96). The use of X-Ray analysis combined with semi-automated analysis is efficient to differentiate crambe seeds in different maturation stages. The morphometric parameters are related to the physiological quality of crambe seeds.
Price of Basic Food Basket in Brazil and the World (2003-2017): Causes and Consequences
Authors: Costa Maia Nayane Jaqueline , Mourão Gabriela De Almeida , Águas Thiago De Andrade , Martins Jeferson Alves , Gonçalves Larisse Medeiros , Monteiro Pedro Henrique da Silva
Published: March 2019

Aims: Objective this work is to understand the price dynamics of foods basket products in Brazil and the world, based on multivariate analysis, for 14 years, with data from governmental and non-governmental organizations.

Methodology: Data used for world food prices were taken from official documents provided by governmental and non-governmental organizations. The data were submitted to statistical analysis by Microsoft Excel 2016® and Minitab 16®. The statistical model used in the work is multiple linear regression. When significant linear regression was found, the parameters were compared by means of simple linear regression analysis, a significance of 5% probability (P<0.05) was considered.

Results: The results showed that the items that most cost the foods basket in the world are meat, fruits, and vegetables, and it was noticed that with each increase of 1 dollar in the price of these products, increased 2 dollars in the price food basket. And in Brazil it would not be different, these same products represented an increase in the price of the basic food basket in more than 300% (adding meat) and 110,67% (adding fruits and vegetables).

Conclusion: Concluding that the increase of the basic food basket in Brazil and in the World is directly correlated with meat, fruits, and vegetables. Being an added value caused by the high cost of investment in these sectors, which require very high investment.
How do Native Trees Establish on Degraded Caatinga Sites?
Authors: Vieira Sales Francisco Das Chagas , Bakke Olaf Andreas , Bakke Ivonete Alves , De Souza Bruna Vieira , Ferreira Cheila Deisy , Bakke Erik Alves
Published: March 2019

This study evaluated tree establishment by seeding in manure-enriched substrate or by seedling planting in manure-enriched holes in two experiments carried out in Patos (PB), Brazil, in degraded Caatinga sites. Experiment one evaluated the effects of the joint seeding (absence and presence of joint seeding, but no singular seeding of any of species) of four tree species (Mimosa tenuiflora, Poincianela pyramidalis, Anadenanthera macrocarpa and Tabebuia aurea), at two levels of cattle manure (absence and presence) in a site protected from grazing. The 2x2 (absence and presence of joint seeding, and absence and presence of manure addition to the soil) factorial experiment was used with four treatments groups in two replicates to which five completely randomised blocks were assigned tentatively to control environmental heterogeneity and reduce the experimental error (e.g.: soil or fertility or erosion slope). Additional data set from six other similar adjacent blocks (size, number of treatments and plots, and level of environmental degradation), submitted to previous and current overgrazing by small ruminants (browsing goats and grazing sheep) was analysed independently. Experiment two, located in an overgrazed site currently protected from grazing, evaluated tree seedling establishment (natural and that resulting from planted Mimosa tenuiflora and Poincianella pyramidalis seedlings in manure-enriched holes according to a randomised completely blocked design with four treatments in two replicates (four controls: when no tree seedling planting occurred, and when seedling planting of one of the two tree species occurred) to which six blocks were assigned tentatively to control environmental heterogeneity and reduce the experimental error. Tree seedling establishment, natural or resulting from seeding, in plots enriched or not with manure and protected or not from grazing, was not observed during three years. Planting of M. tenuiflora accelerated the process of tree establishment, resulting in 36% survival rate and 177.5cm length growth at the end of the third year, while the other tree seeding or planting treatments resulted in no established plants. Observations should continue to determine the period suitable for making degraded Caatinga sites once again available for production.
Current Status of the Occurrence and Reaction Root-knot Nematodes in the Main Botanical Families of Medicinal Plants
Authors: Ribeiro Costa Cristina Dos Santos , Silva Costa Antonio Elton da , Dos Santos Ana Maria Maciel , Lima Pereira Jacqueline Wanessa de , E Carvalho Rejane Rodrigues da Costa , Carvalho Filho José Luiz Sandes de
Published: March 2019

Medicinal plants are described such as those produce substances capable of provoking reactions in the human body leading to the cure of diseases. Like as cultivated species, medicinal plants can be attacked by various pests and diseases, affecting the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of their curative properties, as well as productivity. Phytonematodes are one of the main factors limiting the productivity of cultivated plants. In medicinal species this pathogens group has caused damage in the sanity of the plants interfering in the quality of the compounds produced. Among them, due to the high parasitism degree, the species of the genus Meloidogyne, popularly known as root-knot nematodes. Among the management strategies of these phytopathogens, biological and cultural controls have low efficiency reports. Likewise, chemical control is not indicated due to its high cost, besides, its high toxicity and risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, the most effective control method is the use of resistant plant species or cultivars. Once these species are identified, they can be used as antagonists or incorporated into the soil, aiming to decrease the nematode population in infested areas. The use of resistant medicinal species allows little or no reproduction of Meloidogyne spp., providing effective control in the field. Other advantages are the reduction of production costs, and the protection of the environment against pollution caused by chemical waste.
Antibacterial Activity of Saponin Extracted from Phyllanthus niruri on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Ajibade V. A. , Oluwasusi V. O. , Ibiyemi M. F. , Ajenifuja O. A. , Famurewa O.
Published: March 2019

The antimicrobial activity of saponin extracted from Phyllanthus niruri was investigated on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to determine the structure spectra of the extracted purified saponin. The 13carbon NMR predicted on the basis of chemical shift that appeared in the resonances of 20 – 60 ppm gave a structure named Phylagenin-13-O-α-D-glucopyranoside and Phylagenin-25-O-β-D-glucopyra-noside. The susceptibility profile of MRSA determined by the agar-diffusion method showed that 97.0% and 90.0% of the test bacterium were resistant to Tetracycline and Cotrimoxazole respectively and 60% of the bacterium was susceptible to saponin extract. The ability of saponin extracted from P. niruri to treat clinical manifestation like chest congestion and skin desquamation from which S. aureus resistant to conventional antibiotics have been isolated has been confirmed in this study. The fact that this extract exerted an inhibitory effect on MRSA indicates that they can potentially be further developed into antimicrobial clinically used agents.
Local Stability of the Effects of Early Detection and Treatment on the Dynamics of Tuberculosis Using Lyapunov Function Method
Authors: Andest James , Kwanommu Joshua A. , Arisko Yakubu Isa
Published: March 2019

This study aims to use Lyapunov function method to build a SEIR model in the analysis of early detection and treatment. The SEIR model is a system of ordinary differential equations of six dimension developed from our compartment then building a mathematical theorem which guarantees the existence of a case of TB, the disease free-equilibrium and the total eradication of the disease from its host community that is disease endemic TB. Three theorems were proved using Lyapunov function method. With these, we concluded that in this research work have given a complete stability analysis of a tuberculosis model with two differential infectivity classes of early detected infected individual and late detected infected individual. By analysing this model, we found that it is locally asymptotically stable and possesses the only locally stable equilibrium state depending on the basic reproductive ratio R0 this steady state is either the endemic or the disease-free. The local stability of the infection-free equilibrium state implies that for an initial level of infection the disease will eventually fade out from the population when the condition for the stability, number R0 ≤1, hold. The condition R0>1, implies that the disease will persist in a population.
Progress in Reducing the Uncertainty of Measurement of Planck’s Constant in Terms of the Information Approach
Authors: Menin Boris
Published: March 2019

Aims: The purpose of this work is to prove that only by implementing a weighted and thorough theoretical information approach to the development of a physical and mathematical model for measuring Planck’s constant, it is possible to prepare a reasonable justification for calculating the required relative uncertainty.

Place and Duration of Study: Mechanical & Refrigeration Consultation Expert, between June 2018 and February 2019.

Methodology: Using the principles of information theory and similarity theory, a dimensionless parameter (comparative uncertainty) was formulated to compare the experimental results of measurements of Planck’s constant and the simulated data.

Results: Examples of the application of the proposed original method to measure Planck’s constant using the Kibble balance and X-ray crystal density methods are given.

Conclusion: The proposed information-oriented approach is theoretically justified and does not include such concepts as a statistically significant trend, cumulative values of consensus or statistical control, which are characteristic of the statistical expert tool adopted in CODATA. We tried to show how the mathematical and, apparently, rather arbitrary expert formalism can be replaced by a simple, theoretically grounded postulate on the use of information in measurements.
Exosomes: The Indispensable Messenger in Tumor Pathogenesis and the Rising Star in Antitumor Applications
Authors: Wang Shuang , Wang Jianghua , Wei Wei , Ma Guanghui
Published: March 2019

As natural secreted nanovesicles through the endolysosomal pathway, exosomes have attracted increasing attention over the past decades. An overwhelming number of studies have provided evidence for the intriguing roles that exosomes play in intercellular communication. They are widely involved in the transmission of biomolecule cargos between original cells and neighboring/distant cells in normal physiological processes. In addition, it has also been demonstrated that exosomes play vital roles in multiple biological pathways in the development of numerous diseases including cancer. Moreover, both natural and modified exosomes showed promising potential in serving as a versatile nanoplatform for cancer diagnosis and cancer therapy. This review aims to present a comprehensive and critical overview on the recent advances in exosome nanoscience and nanotechnology, ranging from their biogenesis, secretion, isolation, and biological function in tumor pathogenesis to their extensive antitumor applications.
Multicore Liquid Perfluorocarbon‐Loaded Multimodal Nanoparticles for Stable Ultrasound and 19F MRI Applied to In Vivo Cell Tracking
Authors: Koshkina Olga , Lajoinie Guillaume , Baldelli Bombelli Francesca , Swider Edyta , Cruz Luis J. , White Paul B. , Schweins Ralf , Dolen Yusuf , van Dinther Eric A. W. , van Riessen N. Koen , Rogers Sarah E. , Fokkink Remco , Voets Ilja K. , van Eck Ernst R. H. , Heerschap Arend , Versluis Michel , de Korte Chris L. , Figdor Carl G. , de Vries I. Jolanda M. , Srinivas Mangala
Published: March 2019

Ultrasound is the most commonly used clinical imaging modality. However, in applications requiring cell‐labeling, the large size and short active lifetime of ultrasound contrast agents limit their longitudinal use. Here, 100 nm radius, clinically applicable, polymeric nanoparticles containing a liquid perfluorocarbon, which enhance ultrasound contrast during repeated ultrasound imaging over the course of at least 48 h, are described. The perfluorocarbon enables monitoring the nanoparticles with quantitative 19F magnetic resonance imaging, making these particles effective multimodal imaging agents. Unlike typical core–shell perfluorocarbon‐based ultrasound contrast agents, these nanoparticles have an atypical fractal internal structure. The nonvaporizing highly hydrophobic perfluorocarbon forms multiple cores within the polymeric matrix and is, surprisingly, hydrated with water, as determined from small‐angle neutron scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, the nanoparticles are used to image therapeutic dendritic cells with ultrasound in vivo, as well as with 19F MRI and fluorescence imaging, demonstrating their potential for long‐term in vivo multimodal imaging.
Nano Spray‐Dried Block Copolymer Nanoparticles and Their Transformation into Hybrid and Inorganic Nanoparticles
Authors: Weisbord Inbal , Shomrat Neta , Moshe Hen , Sosnik Alejandro , Segal‐Peretz Tamar
Published: March 2019

A novel combination of block copolymer (BCP) nano spray‐drying (NSD), solvent annealing, and selective metal oxide growth is utilized to create functional polymer nanoparticles, polymer‐metal‐oxide hybrid nanoparticles, and templated metal oxide nanoparticles with tunable composition, internal morphology, and porosity. NSD of BCPs from chloroform and toluene solutions results in porous and nonporous nanoparticles, respectively, with various degrees of phase separation. Further tuning of the nanoparticle internal morphology is performed by solvent annealing the spray‐dried particles with judicious choice of the nonsolvent dispersion medium and the surfactant, yielding assembly of both blocks at the surface of the nanoparticles. Finally, ZnO and Al2O3 are grown inside the polar blocks of phase‐ordered nanoparticles using a sequential infiltration synthesis method, in a post‐assembly process, resulting in hybrid BCP‐ZnO particles and BCP‐templated Al2O3 nanoparticles, as demonstrated by scanning transmission electron microscopy tomography. These structure engineering methods open new ways to direct and template functional nanoparticles.
Size Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Nanoporous Graphene Networks
Authors: Tang Dai‐Ming , Ren Cui‐Lan , Zhang Ling , Tao Ying , Zhang Peng , Lv Wei , Jia Xiang‐Ling , Jiang Xiaojuan , Zhou Guangmin , Ohmura Takahito , Huai Ping , Li Feng , Bando Yoshio , Golberg Dmitri , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: March 2019

It is essential to understand the size scaling effects on the mechanical properties of graphene networks to realize the potential mechanical applications of graphene assemblies. Here, a “highly dense‐yet‐nanoporous graphene monolith (HPGM)” is used as a model material of graphene networks to investigate the dependence of mechanical properties on the intrinsic interplanar interactions and the extrinsic specimen size effects. The interactions between graphene sheets could be enhanced by heat treatment and the plastic HPGM is transformed into a highly elastic network. A strong size effect is revealed by in situ compression of micro‐ and nanopillars inside electron microscopes. Both the modulus and strength are drastically increased as the specimen size reduces to ≈100 nm, because of the reduced weak links in a small volume. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the deformation mechanism involving slip‐stick sliding, bending, buckling of graphene sheets, collapsing, and densification of graphene cells. In addition, a size‐dependent brittle‐to‐ductile transition of the HPGM nanopillars is discovered and understood by the competition between volumetric deformation energy and critical dilation energy.