bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mediating Influence of Fit Perceptions in the Relationship Between Career Adaptability and Job Content and Hierarchical Plateaus
Authors: Shabeer Sobia , Mohammed Shawn J. , Jawahar I. M. “Jim” , Bilal Ahmad Raza
Published: March 2018

Very little research has examined how career constructs are related to career plateaus. Given the dysfunctional consequences of plateauing, it is important to understand how career constructs, such as career adaptability, influence plateauing. Drawing on career construction theory and the theory of work adjustment, we propose that fit perceptions will mediate the career adaptability and plateauing relationship. Using data collected from 294 banking employees from the Punjab Province of Pakistan, we used the PROCESS macro to test for mediation. Results indicate that career adaptability reduces the likelihood of experiencing job content and hierarchical plateaus. Perceptions of fit related negatively to perceptions of plateauing, with one exception—demands–ability fit perceptions were unrelated to hierarchical plateaus. Mediation analysis indicated that needs–supply fit perceptions mediate the influence of career adaptability on both job content and hierarchical plateaus, whereas demands–ability fit perceptions mediate the influence of career adaptability on job content plateau but not hierarchical plateau. Implications of results for theory and practice are discussed.
The work of happiness: A response to De La Fabián and Stecher (2017)
Authors: Binkley Sam
Published: March 2018

Following is a critical response to De La Fabián and Stecher (2017). The authors contend that my book, Happiness as Enterprise (2014), is flawed in its attribution of the practice of positive psychology to a principally Calvinist paradigm of labor characterized by a deferred gratification—an error that ignores the ultimately neoliberal attributes of this phenomenon. I respond that, while this may be true, it is a contradiction that positive psychology itself grapples with, and it is also a methodologically necessary step if one is to avoid a determinist account of the practice of positive psychology.
Invasive fungal infections in Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Santamaría-Alza Y , Sánchez-Bautista J , Fajardo-Rivero J F , Figueroa C L
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with multi-organ involvement. Complications, such as invasive fungal infections usually occur in patients with a greater severity of the disease.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk variables associated with invasive fungal infections in a Colombian systemic lupus erythematosus population.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional, retrospective study that evaluated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus for six years. The primary outcome was invasive fungal infection. Descriptive, group comparison and bivariate analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software.

Results

Two hundred patients were included in this study; 84.5% of the patients were women and the median age was 36 years; 68% of the subjects had haematological complications; 53.3% had nephropathy; 45% had pneumopathy and 28% had pericardial impairment; 7.5% of patients had invasive fungal infections and the most frequently isolated fungus was Candida albicans. Pericardial disease, cyclophosphamide use, high disease activity, elevated ESR, C3 hypocomplementemia, anaemia and lymphopenia had a significant association with invasive fungal infection ( P < 0.05).

Conclusions

We describe for the first time the prevalence of invasive fungal infection in a Colombian population with systemic lupus erythematosus, which was higher than that reported in other latitudes. In this population the increase in disease activity, the presence of pericardial impairment and laboratory alterations (anaemia, lymphopenia, increased ESR and C3 hypocomplementemia) are associated with a greater possibility of invasive fungal infections. Regarding the use of drugs, unlike other studies, in the Colombian population an association was found only with the previous administration of cyclophosphamide. In addition, patients with invasive fungal infections and systemic lupus erythematosus had a higher prevalence of mortality and hospital readmission compared with patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without invasive fungal infection.
A New Typology for Analyzing the Direction of Movement in Higher Education Internationalization
Authors: Wu Hantian , Zha Qiang
Published: March 2018

This article proposes a new typology of “inward- and outward-oriented” higher education (HE) internationalization based on the spread of innovations that involve knowledge, culture, HE models, and norms. It reviews existing typologies related to HE internationalization; discusses theories of world system, soft power, and knowledge diplomacy; and utilizes the notion of transcultural diffusion of innovations. As a supplement to existing theories, this new typology is constructed primarily for capturing the currents and dynamics of HE internationalization as they relate to the spread of innovations to analyze newly emerging scenarios. The article applies this new typology to a discussion of real-world cases and tests its viability.
The Greater Palatine “Notch”
Authors: Turin Sergey Y. , Tang Cathy J. , Gosain Arun K.
Published: March 2018

The anatomy of the greater palatine foramen has variation with regard to location, but there have been no reports on the absence of a complete foramen. We present 2 cases of pediatric patients with cleft palates possessing a greater palatine “notch” as opposed to a bony foramen. Awareness of this anomaly is advantageous in preventing injury to the greater palatine vessels during palatoplasty.
Self-Enhancement and Psychological Adjustment: A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Dufner Michael , Gebauer Jochen E. , Sedikides Constantine , Denissen Jaap J. A.
Published: March 2018

This article advances the debate about costs and benefits of self-enhancement (the tendency to maintain unrealistically positive self-views) with a comprehensive meta-analytic review (299 samples, N = 126,916). The review considers relations between self-enhancement and personal adjustment (life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, depression), and between self-enhancement and interpersonal adjustment (informant reports of domain-general social valuation, agency, communion). Self-enhancement was positively related to personal adjustment, and this relation was robust across sex, age, cohort, and culture. Important from a causal perspective, self-enhancement had a positive longitudinal effect on personal adjustment. The relation between self-enhancement and interpersonal adjustment was nuanced. Self-enhancement was positively related to domain-general social valuation at 0, but not long, acquaintance. Communal self-enhancement was positively linked to informant judgments of communion, whereas agentic self-enhancement was linked positively to agency but negatively to communion. Overall, the results suggest that self-enhancement is beneficial for personal adjustment but a mixed blessing for interpersonal adjustment.
Looking Backward, Looking Forward: A Systematic Review of 20 Years of Research and Commentary Published by Journal of Advertising Education
Authors: Wirtz John G. , Hayes Jameson L. , Shan Yan
Published: March 2018

This article presents a systematic analysis of all refereed articles, research reports and invited commentaries (N = 197) published in the Journal of Advertising Education from 1996 to 2015. The analysis revealed that the most common article theme was classroom and course instruction (52.8%; n = 104). Within that theme, articles about using a tool or approach in the classroom (e.g., using a class wiki; 47.1%, n = 49) and achieving a learning outcome (e.g., developing teamwork skills; 30.8%; n = 32) were most popular. The authors performed additional analyses on articles reporting data collection and analysis (N = 122). The researchers found that only 26.2% (n = 32) of these articles identified a theory by name, and only six (4.9%) offered a theoretical implication in the discussion. However, a significant majority of these articles provided practical implications for educators (86.1%; n = 105).
Effects of Integrating Advertising Ethics into Course Instruction
Authors: Amazeen Michelle A.
Published: March 2018

Based upon the first-known quasi-experiment of advertising ethics education, this study offers suggestive evidence that advertising ethics instruction using duty-based practices in combination with case-specific scenarios may facilitate student understanding of complex issues in ethics. The comparison of those who have and have not had advertising ethics integrated into class instruction appeared to show directionally that students who had received instruction were better able to recognize ethical challenges, were significantly more likely to behave in a manner consistent with their values, and were directionally better prepared to expect to confront an ethical dilemma in the future. If students are able to increase their ethical recognition abilities and likelihood to behave consistently after extended exposure to ethics instruction, then this practice may well help to address some of the negative activities plaguing the industry. This study should be of interest to advertising and communication professors, administrators and graduate students, as well as advertising and marketing practitioners.
Central venous catheterization–induced right brachiocephalic vein pseudoaneurysm: Successfully treated with stent-assisted coiling
Authors: Choi Sun-Ju , Do Young Woo , Oh Tak-Hyuk , Lee Hoseok , Cheon Hyejin , Lim Jae-Kwang , Lee Sang Yub
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

Central venous catheterization–induced central vein pseudoaneurysm is rare. Several treatment options have been recommended. We describe a case of central venous catheterization–induced right brachiocephalic vein pseudoaneurysm successfully treated with an uncovered self-expandable stent-assisted coil embolization and discuss the imaging findings, treatment strategy, and review of literature associated with thoracic venous pseudoaneurysm.

Case report:

A 77-year-old woman was referred to our trauma center to undergo treatment for central venous catheterization-induced central vein pseudoaneurysm. The initial contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography revealed a 3.4-cm pseudoaneurysm arising from the right brachiocephalic vein and a surrounding mediastinal hematoma. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully embolized with stent-assisted coiling. Computed tomography angiography was performed 10 days after the procedure and demonstrated a completely embolized pseudoaneurysm and resolved mediastinal hematoma. Blood flow from the right subclavian and left innominate veins was not disturbed by the stent-assisted coils.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first report of treatment of a right brachiocephalic vein pseudoaneurysm with stent-assisted coil embolization. We think that uncovered stent-assisted coil embolization is the safest and most fundamental treatment for wide-neck venous pseudoaneurysm especially in a hemodynamically unstable setting.
The Mediation is the Message: The Legacy of McLuhan for the Digital Era?
Authors: Marshall P. David
Published: March 2018

McLuhan has enjoyed a resurgence in credibility through his rise with the Wired generation. This article identifies that McLuhan's major value is not so much contained in his aphorisms, but directly related to the way he was mediated and disseminated into the cultural consciousness. Thematically. McLuhan's mediation can be grouped around three valuable elements that are worth celebrating: his endeavour to operate at the level of the universal; his activity as a public intellectual: and his less obvious but currently important investment in the populace and popular culture. These components of the McLuhan persona/mediation have had a particular resonance with the changing divides of production/reception, the will to universalisation and the transformed ‘public sphere ‘ that the Internet has foregrounded.
Whatcha Doin', Marshall McLuhan?
Authors: Wark McKenzie
Published: March 2018

After decades of relative neglect, McLuhan is back. While his ideas on media form are receiving a long-overdue assessment, it is also worth recalling McLuhan's challenge to the form of scholarship as media. McLuhan's ‘probes' were designed to produce, in the long run, precisely the kind of stimulus they are now, finally, provoking. However, McLuhan's writing is not that easily assimilable to mainstream humanities and social sciences scholarship. The paradox of McLuhan is that his Catholic faith enabled him to put in question the sacred cows of humanism, such as the faith in the ‘social’ and in ‘culture’ that limits sociology and cultural studies in their attempts to grapple with media.
Perpetual Crisis: The Politics of Saving the ABC
Authors: Craig Geoffrey
Published: March 2018

In recent years there has been a rally to ‘save’ the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). This paper explores the assumptions about the national broadcaster which often inform such rescue attempts. The ABC seems to have entered a state of ‘perpetual crisis ‘following government funding cuts, political accusations of bias, issues of structural change and the Mansfield inquiry. Even more than usual, the identity, functions and future of the national broadcaster have become a public issue. While fully supporting a strong national public broadcaster as a space for public contestation, I argue that saving the ABC should not render it ‘safe’, returning it to some prior privileged state and established identity. Rather, drawing on an ‘agonistic model of democratic politics’. I argue that the ABC needs to be conceptualised as a site which produces ‘dilemmatic space’ and that the crises of the ABC are those which necessarily constitute the institution as a public broadcaster.
Home Invasion: Television, Identity and Belonging in Sydney's Western Suburbs
Authors: Dreher Tanja
Published: March 2018

Television occupies a central place in most Australian homes, and ‘TV talk’ is an important process in negotiations of individual and group identities (Gillespie. 1995). TV is the focus of many private, family interactions. As a ‘window on the world’, television is also a primary source of information about public life. Thus TV is deeply implicated both in interactions within the home, and in our understandings of the wider ‘home’ of the nation. This paper draws on discussions with diverse community groups in and around Cabramatta to explore the crucial role of TV in negotiations of ‘home’ and ‘belonging’ in Australia's most culturally diverse local government area.
Postcolonial Culture Policy in Hong Kong
Authors: Luk Y.T.
Published: March 2018

This paper is concerned with the arts and culture policy in Hong Kong in the postcolonial context, after the 1997 reversion to Chinese sovereignty. It addresses itself to the main concerns of arts policy with a view not only to making cultural activities flourish, but also to shaping— if possible — a Hong Kong identity as a special administrative region of China, taking into account Hong Kong and its people as a cultural, political, economic and social location.
‘Sale of the Millennium’: The 2000 Olympics and Australia's Corporate Identity
Authors: Hermann Enno
Published: March 2018

This article argues that discourses of ‘the national’ in Australia have increasingly come to be treated in commodified terms — that is, in the language of advertising. It looks at the advertising campaign that accompanies the upcoming Sydney Olympic Games, where Australia features as a tourist spectacle of an idealised global culture. Images of natural beauty, multicultural harmony and particularly Indigenous culture are highlighted in this unprecedented opportunity for Australia to sell itself to the world. Treating the Sydney Olympics in this way, as a global media event, allows for some reconsideration of the processes and the images employed in Australia's national imagining.
Back to the Future
Authors: Cutler Terry
Published: March 2018

A quarter of a century ago, Telstra's predecessor — Telecom Australia — attempted something that would be unthinkable in today's environment: it set out to provide a roadmap to the industry future 25 years ahead. Telecom 2000 fairly accurately predicted the major developments in technology, but was less successful in anticipating the changes in industry economics and structure, and the contest between market forces and the then-prevailing public utility model of service delivery. This article reviews the Telecom 2000 report and identifies the key challenges which remain to be addressed before Australia can capture the full benefits of the new digital era.
Mobile Telecommunications in Australia: Policy Frameworks and Regulatory Directions
Authors: Bradley Mike , Landrigan Mitchell
Published: March 2018

This article assesses the relationship between mobile telephony, communications policy and regulation in Australia. It considers the impact of spectrum policy and regulatory decisions on competition and investment in mobile telephony services. The significance of such policies concerning the potential for convergence between mobile services and other services is considered. The regulatory policies affecting mobile telephony services are examined and are contrasted with those applying to fixed network services. It is contended that mobile telephony services in Australia are highly competitive, yet these results have not been achieved by using the regulatory instruments that are used for fixed network telephony. Moreover, the authors propose that using the same instruments for mobile telephony services as for fixed network services may constrain the growth of competition for mobile telephony and/or delay the emergence of mobile telephony services into the world of convergence.
Crippling Competition: Critical Reflections on Disability and Australian Telecommunications Policy
Authors: Goggin Gerard , Newell Christopher
Published: March 2018

Telecommunications reform in Australia, and in particular the introduction of competition, is often claimed to have delivered benefits to consumers. From the perspective of people with disability, this competition so far can been seen as crippling rather than enabling. There have been some gains for telecommunications for people with disabilities over the past decade in particular —delivered by slowly changing corporate attitudes buttressed by the explicit reference to the requirements of the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 in the Telecommunications Act 1997. This article examines telecommunications and disability in Australia since 1975, and concludes that it is high time for a telecommunications and new media industry where measures of outcomes would include utilising the experiences and meeting the needs, expectations and aspirations of those who live with disability.
Bondi Cinderellas: Storytelling and Gatekeeping in the Press
Authors: Turner Rosalind
Published: March 2018

The engagement of Kate Fischer, actress, and Jamie Packer, media executive and son of Australia's richest man, ended in October 1998. In the week following the split, Packer signed over in entirety the Bondi apartment he had shared with Fischer. He was also sighted dining with another model, Jodie Meares (whom he later married). Also that week, Fischer left Australia for Hollywood. Sydney press coverage of these events continued for over a month.

This paper is a case study of news stories about the break-up. Storytelling in the news is the initial focus, including consideration of ways in which Cinderella themes were embedded in several accounts. Conventional distinctions between soft news and hard news are also considered, because many accounts were located in sections of newspapers conventionally devoted to hard news. Placement and timing of the stories are also considered in terms of the gatekeeper metaphor. The concept of scandal is also briefly investigated.
Studying the User: A Matter of Perspective
Authors: Singh Supriya
Published: March 2018

Providers and policy-makers are interested in understanding consumers' use of new media and technologies. The challenge, however, is to work out ways in which qualitative research on the social construction and uses of the new communications technologies can connect with and reformulate issues central to industry and policy.

In this paper, I present a way of exploring the perspectives of the user, and connecting them to the language and perspectives of providers and policy-makers. Users and their activities are placed at the centre of the questions. The questions and concepts then focus on the activity and nature of communication rather than the goods and services sold or the technologies being used. Information and communication technologies are studied within their social context. This research is most often qualitative because, for the most part, we are discovering new questions and exploring ambiguity.

Once the user's perspectives have been discovered, it is easier to engage in dialogue with providers and policy-makers by focusing on concepts central to both sides, such as ‘design’ and ‘trust’. These concepts link issues important to the user to issues of production, diffusion and consumer confidence.
The Press Proprietor and the Politician: Sir Frank Packer and Sir Robert Menzies
Authors: Griffen-Foley Bridget
Published: March 2018

This article surveys the relationship between Australian's longest serving prime minister. Sir Robert Menzies, and the controversial media proprietor Sir Frank Packer. It begins by briefly discussing the progressive liberalism that characterised the Daily and Sunday Telegraphs in the 1930s and 1940s. It then considers Packer's flirtations with the affairs of the United Australia Party and the Liberal Party in the 1940s, and the way in which Menzies, as leader of the opposition, viewed the press proprietor. The main part of the article explores the value that the prime minister and the Liberal Party placed on the support of the Packer media outlets, and the form that this support took. The article goes some way to describing how media tycoons and political correspondents interacted with politicians in the days before press releases and professional lobbyists became highly sophisticated news management devices.
From ‘Taste and Standards’ to Structural Pluralism: Activism in the Australian Media Policy Process
Authors: Flew Terry
Published: March 2018

This paper traces the emergence of media policy reform activism in Australia around media content regulations for commercial broadcasting, from 1953 to 1976. Its focus is on processes of participation in public inquiries, and the ways in which these were manifestations of what Anna Yeatman (1998) has termed ‘activism in the policy process’. It finds evidence that such processes facilitated the emergence of more wide-ranging campaigns for media reform in the 1970s, but also finds that the extent to which such trends can be seen as applying a logic of ‘governmentality’ to broadcast media has in practice been limited by the predominantly commercial nature of the Australian broadcasting system, the conduct of regulatory agencies and their proneness to ‘regulatory capture’, and the extent to which the demands of media critics could be translated into implementable policies.
The Road to Television Networking
Authors: Dick Nigel
Published: March 2018

Nigel Dick, who joined GTV9 as sales manager in 1956, went on to run Channel Nine in Sydney and Melbourne, as well as other television stations in Australia and New Zealand. Here he recalls his years in the Packer stable and considers more broadly the factors that led to the development of Australian television networks.
New Times, New Media: Where to Media Education?
Authors: Luke Carmen
Published: March 2018

Have media education and media literacy reached an impasse? Media literacy scholars and educators are beginning to raise issues concerning the relevance of ‘old-style ‘ media studies in the context of new times and new media. Media literacy is formalised as part of the Australian National Literacy Framework, yet it remains largely marginalised as an elective in the senior school syllabus. In contrast, computer education — or computer literacy — has been embraced by governments, educators and parents with blind and cheery optimism. I argue here that media studies, cultural studies, computer and technology studies can no longer be taught independently of each other. The fervour with which computer education has been embraced, and the relatively modest incursions media and cultural studies have made into mainstream curriculum, suggest that blending media-cultural studies with information and communication technology (ICT) studies can inject new life into both fields of study. Largely bereft of a critical orientation, computer literacy education can benefit from the theoretical and critically analytic orientation of media-cultural studies, which in turn can be ‘mainstreamed’ through broader exposure typical of computer education in schools today. Media studies must contend with new information technologies, and computer education needs the critical analytic tools and cultural framing approach typical of media studies.
Cultural Diversity, Cultural Networks and Trade: International Cultural Policy Debate
Authors: Goldsmith Ben
Published: March 2018

This article sketches some of the ways in which the language and concepts of cultural diversity are being taken up internationally. The debate has been driven in part by concerns about the treatment of cultural goods, services and knowledge in trade agreements. But it also involves larger questions about the role of the state, the role of non-state actors in domestic policy formation, and the shape and function of international policy communities comprising both state and non-state actors. The extent of the discussion of cultural diversity internationally is described through new formal and informal cultural networks and work towards an international instrument for cultural diversity to lay out ground rules for international trade, cultural exchange and policy principles to guide governmental responsibilities. The article concludes with analysis of some of these new networks, and investigates why Canada has been so prominent in these international efforts.
Challenging Voices? Going Public on Community Radio
Authors: Jeffrey Rowan
Published: March 2018

Presenting a program on community radio can be immensely rewarding for community access broadcasters. Yet the experience of ‘going public’ is not always positive. Based on a case study of the participation of women at one community access radio station in Aotearoa/New Zealand, this paper argues that, particularly for programmers from minority communities, the public nature of broadcasting can be problematic. Whether or not they desire such a role, such broadcasters often become positioned as public representatives of their community. This representative aspect of going public makes it problematic, because public representatives attract criticism as well as praise, and the validity of their voices can be challenged. Drawing on the narratives of women involved at community access station Plains FM and the work of John Hochheimer (1993), this paper addresses issues of participation, representation and legitimacy, and explores the challenges that they pose for the democratic potential of community access media.
Transforming the Mediascape in South Africa: The Continuing Struggle to Develop Community Radio
Authors: Tacchi Jo
Published: March 2018

As a new democracy, South Africa's adoption of community radio is significant on a global scale. It can be said to have more progressive broadcasting policies than other long-established democracies. But the sector, despite its rapid growth, is struggling. This paper considers community radio in South Africa as an example of ‘citizens' media’ that is transforming the country's mediascape. It draws on interviews undertaken in South Africa during late 2001 to discuss the problems that the sector is facing. The role of legislation and regulation is considered as well as an example of a community radio station that serves a severely disadvantaged community. Social and economic underdevelopment in historically disadvantaged communities is seen as a major problem and an example of an initiative that seeks to develop such communities through community radio is described.
Re-Sourcing Queer Subjectivities: Sexual Identity and Lesbian/Gay Print Media
Authors: Cover Rob
Published: March 2018

With most critical discussions of lesbian/gay identities and media focusing on mass-circulation representation, visibility and stereotyping, the lesbian/gay community small press has remained neglected, particularly as it plays a role in the constitution of the performative lesbian/gay subject. This paper brings queer theory and communication theories closer together by focusing on both the reading positions inculcating subjective performativity and the mediation of contemporary discourses of sexuality. By examining the role of the gay press as an affirmative ‘first encounter’ site with oft-censored discourses of non-heterosexuality, it is concluded that there are issues of responsibility in the discursive foreclosure on sexual alternatives beyond the hetero/homo binary in contemporary media formations.
Pay and Scroll: Libraries, Reading and the Privatisation of Knowledge
Authors: Brabazon Tara
Published: March 2018

Libraries are one of the great institutions of the last millennium, but they are frequently politically decentred and intellectually marginalised. The recent Double-Fold crisis, triggered by Nicholson Baker's book, has again raised questions about the function of libraries. Is access for readers to information the primary task for librarians, or should preservation be the over-riding goal? This article — which is actually a thinking piece — affirms a culturally sensitive perspective on digitisation, showing how the privatisation of information delivery will have startling consequences for both research and the act of reading.
Translative Performance in Documentary Film: Bob Connolly and Robin Anderson's Facing the Music
Authors: Summerhayes Catherine
Published: March 2018

Facing the Music (2001) is a film that performs at many levels. While its primary narrative is about the effects of government funding cuts to universities, and specifically the effect on the University of Sydney's Music Department, the film also weaves other more generic stories about people and how they interact with each other. Connolly's and Anderson's complex and confronting style of observational film-making is examined in the context of this film for the ways in which it ‘assumes' that film can ‘translate’ the details of people's everyday lives into a broad discussion of particular social issues and conflicts. As with all translations, however, some meanings inadvertently are lost and others added. Drawing on Walter Benjamin's idea of ‘translatability’ and Brecht's concept of gest, this paper describes how particular cultural meanings which are embedded within the documentary film, Facing the Music, can be accessed through the ways in which the audiovisual text ‘melodramatically’ presents people and profilmic events. Thomas Elsaesser's definition of classic fictional melodrama, as a ‘closed’ world of ‘inner’ violence where ‘characters are acted upon’, becomes a guide to understanding the film's secondary narratives about the operation of particular stereotypical, binary representations: men and women; artists and ‘the rest of the world’; academics (‘gown’) and other people (‘town’). Using Laura Mulvey's further distinction of ‘matriarchal’ and ‘patriarchal’ melodramas. Facing the Music is described as a ‘matriarchal’ documentary melodrama. The film's selective translation of how people live their lives in a particular social situation is thereby discussed as a further translation into the broader discourses of gender and power relations in a society.
Propagating Terror: 9/11 and the Mediation of War
Authors: Lewis Jeff
Published: March 2018

Academic and public analysis of the media's performance during the 9/11 and Afghanistan wars are critically influenced by the specific ideological perspective of the analyst. Those commentators who support the reprisal attacks against bin Laden, Al Qaeda and the Taliban tend to commend the media, identifying a substantial confluence between state interests, public opinion and media reporting. Alternatively, commentators such as Noam Chomsky who are highly critical of American foreign policy, especially in the Middle East, see the media as representing a pernicious conduit which allows state and military hegemonies to oppress and manipulate public opinion. The role of the media in reporting war and terrorism needs to be considered in terms of processes of cultural construction and representation. As we approach the anniversary of 9/11 and the ‘war on terror’, we need to understand that government foreign policy, public opinion and military action are all shaped through specific kinds of mediated discourse. Our role as media analysts is to expose these discourses in terms of those complex historical and cultural conditions which have served to generate a violence of this proportion.
Media Planning and Buying: An Insider's View
Authors: Ellen John , Ferrier Liz
Published: March 2018

John Ellen is a media planning and buying consultant and former managing director of AIS Media in Brisbane. He speaks here about the emergence of specialised media (planning and buying) shops in Australia, commenting that the role of media planners and buyers needs to be understood in terms of the history of the advertising industry in Australia before and after the Trade Practice Commission's inquiry in 1995 and the subsequent deregulation of the industry. John was interviewed by Liz Ferrier, who also introduces this article.
How Reality Bites: The Production of Australian Soap Operas
Authors: Sergi Michael , Dodds Peter
Published: March 2018

Soap opera in Australia is driven artistically by the bottom line, according to Peter Dodds, the producer of the archetypal Australian soap Neighbours, and to Michael Sergi, a freelance director and academic. The meaning of any particular episode is best understood as being filtered by constraints governing production and direction. The specific production and direction processes illuminate much debate about soaps.
Virtual Countries: Internet Domain Names and Geographical Terms
Authors: Rimmer Matthew
Published: March 2018

This paper examines the dispute between the Seattle company Virtual Countries Inc. and the Republic of South Africa over the ownership of the domain name address southafrica.com . The first part of the paper deals with the pre-emptive litigation taken by Virtual Countries Inc. in a District Court of the United States. The second part considers the possible arbitration of the dispute under the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Process of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and examines the wider implications of this dispute for the jurisdiction and the governance of ICANN. The final section of the paper evaluates the Final Report of the Second WIPO Internet Domain Name Process.
We are All Boat People: A Case Study in Internet Activism
Authors: Meikle Graham
Published: March 2018

This paper uses a detailed case study in order to exemplify some key trends and characteristics of activist uses of the internet. It focuses on the We Are All Boat People campaign in support of asylum seekers, discussing this in relation to three main areas. First, it considers the campaign's media strategies in the context of what Scalmer has called ‘the dilemmas of the activist’ (2002: 41). It then discusses the campaign in the context of tactical media and its key methodology of detournement. Finally, the project is discussed as an example of what Tim Berners-Lee has termed ‘intercreativity’ (1999: 182–83).
Sharing Control: Contesting Distributed Computing
Authors: Young Sherman
Published: March 2018

This paper examines distributed computing projects in which users allow their unused computing resources to be utilised by third parties. As well as being the latest manifestation of an internet gift economy, these projects represent technological prototypes for resource sharing over the internet — ideas that are being pursued by capital for different reasons. The resultant tension between gift and commodity has led to competing claims for control over spare processing power. This paper examines examples of distributed computing and conflicts that have arisen over its control.
The Straightedge Subculture on the Internet: A Case Study of Style-Display Online
Authors: Williams J. Patrick
Published: March 2018

This article discusses one way in which cultural studies theories can be applied to current research of subcultures on the internet. Starting from Clarke's and Hebdige's theories of subcultural style and Frith's theory of music and identity, a case study of an online subcultural website is used to highlight the ways in which resistance is displayed by members of the ‘straightedge’ music subculture. In particular, usernames and signature files are analysed to demonstrate how style is constructed to communicate subcultural values and beliefs. At the same time, a critique of semiotic analyses of subcultural style is raised. It is argued that ethnographic methods are better suited to interpreting social psychological and cultural meanings attributed to subcultural activities in cyberspace.
Stories of Disenchantment: Supervised Chroming, the Press and Policy-Making
Authors: Bessant Judith
Published: March 2018

This article examines how we can best understand the role of media activity in the policy-making process. The idea of policy-making as a rational, logical and objectively informed procedure is challenged, and attention is given to the mythic-narrative techniques used in the media to constitute social problems. This is done by way of a case study of Melbourne press reports on the ‘supervised chroming of children’ in early 2002. Based on the assumption that journalism functions first and foremost as a form of storytelling, I focus on two specific rhetorical techniques employed by media workers. I first draw on Cerulo's (1998) classifications of victim/perpetrator sequences before turning to the mythic elements of storytelling.
Vertiginous Mediations: Sketches for a Dynamic Pluralism in the Study of Computer Games
Authors: Murphie Andrew
Published: March 2018

There is much to be learnt if we situate the study of computer games in a broader ‘ecology’, combining media ecologies with sensory, political and other ecologies in a ‘transdisciplinary metamethodology’ (Genosko, 2003). This methodology enables a better understanding of both games themselves and of what games can tell us more generally about our new hyper-mediated lives. The paper departs from Félix Guattari's concept of ‘three ecologies’ (here taken to include the technical aspects) of self, socius and environment. Sketches are drawn from recent research into computer games that allows for the diverse, often experimental, ecological niches of games. The first is a sketch of games’ historical contexts, crucially the concurrent rise of capital, aesthetics as a problem of judgment, and industrial technics. Further sketches are of games’ activation of ‘relational histories’ (Harley, 1996: 108), the dizziness of their mediations, and what Guattari called a ‘transdisciplinary metamethodology’ as a response to games’ vertiginous mediations.
Advertising Industry and Culture in POST-WTO China
Authors: Keane Michael , Spurgeon Christina
Published: March 2018

This paper looks at recent developments in the Chinese magazine industry to illustrate trends in advertiser-funded media associated with China's accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Advertising services are an integral element of the WTO ‘wrecking ball’ now being wielded to reform the marketplace and promote innovation and entrepreneurship. As the smallest of ‘main media’ categories, the Chinese magazine industry provides an interesting starting point for a larger investigation of the impact of competition unleashed by internationalisation on key creative industries sectors. Two case studies illustrate the roles and limits of advertising in this complex process and, more broadly, in the management of China's developing ‘commercial culture’. These are Shanghai Bride (linlang xinniang), a provincial magazine distributed from Shanghai targeted primarily at women considering marriage, and Caijing, a national ‘blue-chip’ financial magazine based in Beijing.
Australian Newspapers Online: Four Business Models Revisited
Authors: Lewis Kieran
Published: March 2018

This article revisits four online news business models, first documented in 1997, to discuss current worldwide newspaper website trends and new research data on Australian newspaper websites. The data are from a survey of Australian newspapers and their websites, and show that the Australian experience mirrors international experience in terms of the growth of newspapers online and their lack of profitability. The survey shows that, while there is international evidence that providing news content online reduces offline newspaper subscriptions, a third of the newspapers studied registered circulation increases after setting up their websites. While there is international evidence that generating revenue through online advertising is difficult, for nearly half of the newspapers studied, overall advertising revenue increased after setting up their websites. The survey also found that, while newspaper publishers worldwide continue to rely mainly on the subscription and advertising business models to generate revenue online, there is evidence that Australian newspapers are forming online alliances with other media and non-media businesses to facilitate their online business activities.
Creative Modernity: The New Cultural State
Authors: Redhead Steve
Published: March 2018

This essay introduces two new concepts into the international debate about the theory and practice of creative industries. These concepts are ‘creative modernity’ and the ‘new cultural state’. The new cultural state has a double meaning. It refers to the new cultural condition we find ourselves in, what we call here creative modernity, and the form in which the modern state has governed, or intervened in, culture through law and other means of governance or regulation. In this process, the modern state — as it did in the United Kingdom for a while — sometimes becomes a part of the ‘cultural’ sphere through the project of creative modernity. As we see here in a rethinking of the case of the Department of Culture, Media and Sport in the British New Labour government, an experiment which is often cited approvingly in the creative industries debates around the world, creative modernity involves the social engineering of a ‘new individualism’ where citizens are remade as creative entrepreneurs. In this essay, it is argued that to move the arguments forward, the debate about creative industries should be re-situated within the wider framework of cosmopolitan sociology's analyses of modernity, the state and culture.
Creative Clusters: Towards the Governance of the Creative Industries Production System?
Authors: Pratt Andy C.
Published: March 2018

The aim of this paper is to critically assess the notion of the creative cluster, and to consider whether it is an appropriate tool for the governance of the creative industries, or even a suitable point from which to begin an analysis of the creative industries. The paper argues that creative clusters are formally a subset of business clusters. A critique of the business clusters literature highlights its shortcomings: a focus on individual firm preferences and a lack of attention to non-economic, situated temporal and spatial variables; a lack of attention to the specificity of particular industries and their associated regulatory peculiarities; and finally, information issues associated with the operationalisation of the cluster model. The paper concludes with a discussion of an alternative approach, looking at a creative industries production system that would better meet the concerns of those seeking to govern the creative industries and creative clusters.
Creative Networks in Regional Australia
Authors: Gibson Chris , Robinson Daniel
Published: March 2018

Much recent academic and public discourse has centred on the fate of non-metropolitan Australia under successive federal neoliberal reform agendas. This paper discusses creative networks in non-metropolitan areas in light of this, with a focus on issues of youth unemployment and out-migration. First, it draws on research on creative industry development on the New South Wales Far North Coast to assess the efficacy of creative networks as a source of new job growth in rural areas. Second, and more broadly, the paper discusses the North Coast Entertainment Industry Association (NCEIA), a nascent creative network in the region. Several observations are drawn from its experiences. Creative networks in non-metropolitan areas face problems of informal and itinerant membership, and anti-socialisation attitudes, Yet they appear to have a substantial role in improving the conditions of viability for vulnerable cultural producers. When conceived as part of interventionist strategies to promote youth employment and to stem the youth exodus from rural areas, they may also have sociodemographic implications beyond the scope of their original intent.
‘A Special Kind of City Knowledge’: Innovative Clusters, Tacit Knowledge and the ‘Creative City’
Authors: O'Connor Justin
Published: March 2018

That the cultural industries are highly networked and operate in clusters is now well established. The notion of cluster is linked to the idea of place-based advantage, with cultural industries gaining competitive advantage from mobilising the resources of places to compete in global markets. ‘Place’ in the cultural industries is frequently taken to be the city, where city is seen as the key resource for cultural industry clusters and a primary point of intervention for cultural industry policy in creative city policy-making. In this article, I want to look at some of the implications of these moves for both academic research and policy discussion. The reasons for this emphasis on policy relates to some large questions of urban governance and cultural politics surrounding the proactive government of clusters which are raised by recent work on the cultural industries, notably by Alan Scott.
Graphic Satire and Public Life in the Age of Terror
Authors: Roe Amanda
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates media representations of international insecurity through a selection of newspaper cartoons from some of the major daily Australian broadsheets. Since 2001, cartoonists such as Bruce Petty, John Spooner and Bill Leak (in The Age and The Australian) have provided an ongoing and vehement critique of the Australian government's policies of ‘border protection’, the ‘war on terror’ and the words of mass distraction associated with Australia joining the war in Iraq. Cartoonists are often said to represent the ‘citizen's perspective’ of public life through their graphic satire on the editorial pages of our daily newspapers. Increasingly, they can also be seen to be fulfilling the role of public intellectuals, defined by Richard A. Posner as ‘someone whose place it is publicly to raise embarrassing questions, to confront orthodoxy and dogma, to be someone who cannot easily be co-opted by governments and corporations’. Cartoonists enjoy an independence and freedom from censorship that is rarely extended to their journalistic colleagues in the print media and it is this independence that is the vital component in their being categorised as public intellectuals. Their role is to ‘question over and over again what is postulated as self-evident, to disturb people's mental habits, to dissipate what is familiar and accepted, to re-examine rules and institutions’ (Posner, 2003: 31). With this useful — if generalised — definition in mind, the paper considers how cartoonists have contributed to debates concerning international insecurity in public life since 2001.