bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lake sediments on the Adamawa Plateau (Central Cameroon) as archives of climate change and the Bantu impact during the last 4000 years BP
Authors: N’nanga Alexandrine , Anselmetti Flavio S. , Kremer Katrina , Szidat Sönke
Published: November 2024

This study investigates Late Holocene environmental changes in Central Cameroon induced by the combined effects of climate and human impact. For this purpose, sediments from lakes Dang, Massote, Fonjak and Ngaoundaba were studied through lithologic analysis including mineralogical composition and organic geochemistry combined with radiocarbon dates. From these analyses, the sediments at the base of lakes Massote and Dang cores are respectively dated to 4680–3530 and 4220–3580 cal yr BP, whereas the sediments of lakes Fonjak and Ngaoundaba seem to be younger, respectively dated to 3210–3000 and 1870–1740 cal yr BP. Lake sedimentation is dominated by organic matter (OM) poor deposits (OM < 3%) in the lower sections and OM-rich deposits (OM: 5–54%) in the upper sections. This shift from OM-poor to OM-rich sedimentation induced by climate variations occurred at

$$\sim $$

∼

2800–2400 cal yr BP. The mineral assemblage is predominantly composed of kaolinite with minor contributions from chlorite, smectite, chlorite/smectite, illite/smectite, quartz, K-feldspar, gibbsite, plagioclase, siderite, hematite and goethite. These sediments are clastic, except for Lake Fonjak core sediments which correspond to peat intercalated with carbonate clay and clastic deposits. Age-depth models suggest that the sedimentation rate was 0.2 mm yr-1 for lakes Dang and Massote before

$$\sim $$

∼

690–560 cal yr BP and

$$\sim $$

∼

660–470 cal yr BP, respectively. Thereafter, it increased to 0.8 mm yr-1 in Lake Dang and 0.7 mm yr-1 in Lake Massote. Finally, Late Holocene environment changes in Central Cameroon consisted of the shift of open water lakes to marshy fringes with abundant vegetation induced by human activities and facilitated by increasing seasonality.
Unveiling the role of storm surges as a driver of flooding on the western Mediterranean: a case study of the Ebro Delta
Authors: Romero-Martín Rut , Sanuy Marc , Jiménez José A.
Published: November 2024

Storm surges in the Western Mediterranean are generally low in magnitude, making their contribution to coastal flooding less significant compared to wave overtopping. Nonetheless, low-lying, sheltered coasts such as deltas and wetlands, which are frequent along the Mediterranean basin are particularly vulnerable to storm surges. This study, focusing on the Ebro Delta as representative of this type of coastal environment, investigates the flooding caused by storm surge alone and in conjunction with other non-wave related factors like astronomical tides and sea level rise (SLR), using the LISFLOOD-FP model. The findings highlight the significant flooding potential of storm surges on passive, and unprotected coasts, while also indicate that astronomical tides have a minor effect on flood extent under prevalent microtidal conditions. SLR greatly increases the impact of storm surges, amplifying temporary inundation in the short term and becoming the dominant factor over time. The study underscores the importance of accurately representing surge duration and small topographic features in flood models to ensure robust coastal inundation assessments in low-lying areas.
Economic damage from natural hazards and internal migration in the United States
Authors: Ton Marijn J. , de Moel Hans , de Bruijn Jens A. , Reimann Lena , Botzen Wouter J. W. , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we analyze the impact of natural hazards on internal migration in the United States (US). The analysis uses Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax records and analyzes different versions of a gravity model to assess the impact of economic damage caused by natural hazards on migration flows between counties. We find that natural hazards in the origin county are associated to larger outflows, with hurricanes exhibiting the most substantial impact on migration, followed by floodings and severe storms. These results emphasize the need for migration research that distinguishes between various types of hazards. Furthermore, we extend the gravity model to investigate whether people tend to relocate to relatively nearby areas in response to natural hazards, an established phenomenon in existing literature. For floods and severe storms, the analysis demonstrates that migration flows to nearby counties are comparatively larger than to distant counties. These findings may be concerning, as it implies that individuals could still be at a high risk of experiencing future disasters. Additionally, we provide several robustness checks to investigate to what extent our results are driven by extreme events in the dataset.
Stability of steady-state solutions of Jeffcott rotor with varying rotational speed
Authors: Aljabr Abdulelah , Flashner Henryk
Published: November 2024

The behavior of flexible rotating systems with varying rotational speeds is essential in engineering applications. Analysis methods that consider linear dynamic models and many existing nonlinear analysis approaches assume constant rotational speed. These approaches are unsuited to study the dynamic interaction between driving torque and whirling motion in this class of applications. In this paper, an analysis of the stability and control of a Jeffcott rotor under varying operational conditions is presented. A nonlinear dynamic model of the system is formulated to enable a detailed stability and parametric analysis. A proportional-integral (PI) torque command is employed to achieve a steady-state rotational speed. Assuming constant lateral control effort, system equilibrium points and their stability characteristics as functions of the system’s parameters are analyzed. A control law that minimizes the lateral effort is derived. A feedback proportional lateral control strategy is introduced to enhance the system’s region of stability, particularly in the supercritical speed range. Finally, a simulation study is conducted to validate the analytical findings. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for defining stable operating conditions and improving system performance.
The Function of Memes in Political Discourse
Authors: Anderau Glenn , Barbarrusa Daniel
Published: November 2024

The use of memes has become increasingly widespread in political discourse. However, there is a dearth of philosophical discussion on memes and their impact on political discourse. This paper addresses this gap in the literature and bridges the divide between the empirical and philosophical work on memes by offering a functionalist account which allows for a more in-depth analysis of the role memes play in political discourse. We offer a taxonomy of the eight key characteristics of memes: 1. humor; 2. fostering in-group identity; 3. caricatures; 4. replicability; 5. context collapse; 6. hermeneutical resources; 7. low reputational cost; 8. signaling. On the positive side, the propensity memes have to foster in-group identity and to function as a hermeneutical tool for people to make sense of their own experiences are a boon especially to marginalized communities. On the flipside, the creation of an in-group/out-group dynamic can also be exploited by sinister political actors, especially since the low reputational cost of circulating memes allows for plausible deniability. We use the analysis in this paper to jumpstart a discussion of how we should understand memes and debate which norms should govern the novel speech act of posting a meme given its impact on political discourse. Based on our findings, we end with a call to adopt stricter norms for the act of posting a meme.
Observing super-coarse carbonaceous aerosol particles containing chloride in a tropical savanna climate at an agro-forest site in Thailand
Authors: Bridhikitti Arika , Kumsawat Chananphat , Phitakpinyo Nutthanaphat , Sontisaka Sirawich , Naksaro Ratipong , Sawangproh Weerachon , Nakayama Tomoki
Published: November 2024

Coarse aerosol particles containing chloride in tropical forests are significant for understanding biogeochemical cycles and atmospheric processes, with implications for environmental health and climate change mitigation. This study explored the sources of super-coarse carbonaceous aerosol particles containing chloride in a tropical savanna climate. Aerosol samples were collected from an agro-forest site in Thailand during the dry season and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. By examining the morphology and elemental compositions of individual aerosol particles, along with employing Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and backward trajectory analysis, potential sources were identified. The findings revealed two primary sources for the super-coarse aerosol particles: a mixture of biomass burning smoke and inorganic salts (likely from saline soil and sea salt), as well as halophilic fungal spores. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of compounds linked to biomass burning and clay minerals, influenced by prevailing northeast and southeast winds. Recommendations for future research include continued monitoring, correlation with meteorological parameters, and the application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for more detailed visualization and confirmation of aerosol sources.
Studienerfolg von Studierenden mit Migrationshintergrund – eine Analyse der Abbruchsintentionen der zweiten Zuwanderungsgeneration
Authors: Zaussinger Sarah
Published: November 2024

Empirische Befunde aus der schulbezogenen Bildungsforschung in Österreich zeigen, dass Schüler:innen mit Migrationshintergrund geringere Bildungschancen aufweisen als autochthone Schüler:innen. Die Situation von Migrant:innen an österreichischen Universitäten ist bislang aber wenig erforscht. Mit Daten der Studierenden-Sozialerhebung 2019, einer breit angelegten Befragung aller Studierenden in Österreich, wird anhand von binär-logistischen Regressionsmodellen aufgezeigt, dass Studierende mit Migrationshintergrund der zweiten Zuwanderungsgeneration häufiger einen Studienabbruch erwägen als Studierende ohne Migrationshintergrund. Dabei zeigt sich einerseits, dass die Bildung der Eltern für den Studienerfolg von Studierenden mit familiärer Migrationsgeschichte eine größere Rolle spielt und sich andererseits die migrationsspezifischen Unterschiede nicht durch die Bildung der Eltern erklären lassen. Dies gilt auch, wenn zusätzlich Lebenslagenfaktoren, wie Erwerbstätigkeit und finanzielle Situation berücksichtigt werden. Unter Einbezug der sozialen und akademischen Integration sowie der Einschätzung zu den eigenen Studienleistungen, hat der Migrationshintergrund nur dann einen signifikanten Effekt, wenn er intersektional in Kombination mit dem Bildungshintergrund der Eltern betrachtet wird: Bildungsferne Studierende mit Migrationshintergrund haben im Vergleich zu allen anderen Studierenden ein signifikant höheres Risiko, ihr Studium abzubrechen. Die Abbruchsintentionen variieren überdies nach der Herkunftsregion der Eltern der Studierenden, wobei insbesondere jene mit Wurzeln aus EU-Drittstaaten ein erhöhtes Risiko aufweisen.
Inhomogeneous Skin Formation and Its Effect on the Tensile Behavior of a High Pressure Die Cast Recycled Secondary AlSi10MnMg(Fe) Alloy
Authors: Dalai Biswajit , Jonsson Simon , da Silva Manel , Yu Liang , Kajberg Jörgen
Published: November 2024

The current study investigated the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of a high pressure die cast (HPDC) novel secondary alloy. The as-cast microstructure comprised (i) Primary α-Al, (ii) α-Al15(FeMn)3Si2 intermetallics, and (iii) Al–Si eutectics. The microstructure starting from the surface through the depth of the HPDC casting consisted of (i) fine-grained skin at surface, (ii) increased Al–Si eutectics at intermediate location, and (iii) coarse α-Al dendrites at center. Accordingly, the hardness increased from skin to the intermediate section and then decreased toward the center of the casting. The formation of skin layer was highly discontinuous, which was attributed to the complicated fluid flow pattern inside the die cavity. The skin layer indicated to slightly improve the strength of the HPDC alloy; however, it restricted the ductility of the material with a large variation. Such ductility behavior resulted from a fracture mechanism triggered by the inhomogeneous skin because of its poor bonding with the adjacent matrix. Even though the secondary alloy contained casting defects and α-Al15(FeMn)3Si2 intermetallics that are known to be driving factors for the fracture in such materials, the effects from the inhomogeneous skin turned out to be predominant in the current study.
Distinct responses of climate-growth and iWUE in Fagus sylvatica L. at two low elevation sites in southern Italy
Authors: Kabala Jerzy Piotr , Niccoli Francesco , Altieri Simona , Liyaqat Iqra , Battipaglia Giovanna
Published: November 2024

In this study, using a dendrological and isotopic approaches, we investigated the responses to climate of two pure Fagus sylvatica L. stands (Campobraca and Falode) in the southernmost part of the distribution range in southern Italy. The δ13C data were used for calculating the intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) as a proxy of the balance between the water and carbon cycles. The results showed that the iWUE of both stands was sensitive to the amount of precipitation during the summer months (negative, significant effect) and to atmospheric CO2 concentration. Growth was sensitive to climate only in the Campo Braca site; the most influential variables were the VPD (vapour pressure deficit) and precipitation of the summer months that had a negative and a positive effect, respectively. The iWUE showed a negative correlation with growth in Campo Braca and a non-significant one in Falode. Water availability was the most influential variable on F. sylvatica growth and physiology. The iWUE increase was mainly driven by atmospheric CO2 concentration, and by decreased precipitation, as a response of the trees to drought. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the hydrological changes due to climate change for forecasting/modelling forest responses. CO2 increase does not compensate for the effect of adverse climate on F. sylvatica in the forests of southern Italy, while local conditions play an important role in determining tree growth.
Fatigue Performance of Ti-6Al-4V Processed by Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Neves José L. , Papenberg Nikolaus , Kiener Daniel , Klein Thomas
Published: November 2024

Ti-6Al-4V has a wide range of applications, but long lead times and low-efficiency processing of the material leads to limitations. Through additive manufacturing, such as wire-arc directed energy deposition, higher processing efficiency, and lower lead times are possible. To fully realize the benefits, an important parameter for application is the fatigue performance, which needs to be better documented and performance shortcomings improved. Currently, available results on fatigue performance of wire-arc directed energy deposition of Ti-6Al-4V are limited. Therefore, wire-arc directed energy deposition of Ti-6Al-4V was used with the following approach. Samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and optical light microscopy, and mechanically tested for tensile and fatigue performance. Minimal pore density and a fine α microstructure within coarsened epitaxial columnar β-grains was observed. Additionally, elemental burn-off and oxygen contamination was assessed, showing a loss of 0.2 wt.% aluminum during processing and no oxygen pick-up. Compared to other cold metal transfer-based wire-arc directed energy deposition results available in the literature, the results present significant improvements. Fractography indicated mixed fracture modes, which are likely due to the macro-zones of α having varying orientations. Our work provides an advancement in fatigue performance and processing, further showing the potential of the technology.
Telemedicine and Virtual Interventions in Cancer Rehabilitation: Practical Application, Complications and Future Potentials
Authors: Chang Philip , Engle Jessica
Published: November 2024

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the practical applications of comprehensive cancer rehabilitation services through telemedicine.

Recent Findings

Telemedicine has been shown to be an effective platform leading to positive outcomes and high patient/provider satisfaction for several forms of skilled therapy and cancer physiatry visits. Several survivorship resources are also available through telemedicine in recent years.

Telemedicine can increase accessibility to geographically sequestered services including cancer physiatry, skilled therapy and survivorship resources. In certain situations and for specific services, telemedicine can be effective, however, in other situations such as the evaluation of new neurologic deficits or when providing manual therapies, in-person visits should take precedence.
Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Training in Neuroscience: Insights from the Human Brain Project Education Programme
Authors: Geminiani Alice , Kathrein Judith , Yegenoglu Alper , Vogel Franziska , Armendariz Marcelo , Ben-Zion Ziv , Bogdan Petrut Antoniu , Covelo Joana , Diaz Pier Marissa , Grasenick Karin , Karasenko Vitali , Klijn Wouter , Kokan Tina , Lupascu Carmen Alina , Lührs Anna , Mahfoud Tara , Özden Taylan , Pedersen Jens Egholm , Peres Luca , Reiten Ingrid , Simidjievski Nikola , Ulnicane Inga , van der Vlag Michiel , Zehl Lyuba , Saria Alois , Diaz-Pier Sandra , Passecker Johannes
Published: November 2024

Neuroscience education is challenged by rapidly evolving technology and the development of interdisciplinary approaches for brain research. The Human Brain Project (HBP) Education Programme aimed to address the need for interdisciplinary expertise in brain research by equipping a new generation of researchers with skills across neuroscience, medicine, and information technology. Over its ten year duration, the programme engaged over 1,300 experts and attracted more than 5,500 participants from various scientific disciplines in its blended learning curriculum, specialised schools and workshops, and events fostering dialogue among early-career researchers. Key principles of the programme’s approach included fostering interdisciplinarity, adaptability to the evolving research landscape and infrastructure, and a collaborative environment with a focus on empowering early-career researchers. Following the programme’s conclusion, we provide here an analysis and in-depth view across a diverse range of educational formats and events. Our results show that the Education Programme achieved success in its wide geographic reach, the diversity of participants, and the establishment of transversal collaborations. Building on these experiences and achievements, we describe how leveraging digital tools and platforms provides accessible and highly specialised training, which can enhance existing education programmes for the next generation of brain researchers working in decentralised European collaborative spaces. Finally, we present the lessons learnt so that similar initiatives may improve upon our experience and incorporate our suggestions into their own programme.
Multivariate Optimization of a Green Microwave-Assisted Hydrogen Peroxide Digestion of Vegetable Oils and Subsequent Elemental Determination Via Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Munjanja Basil K. , Salami Oluseyi S. , Mashale Kedibone N. , Nomngongo Philiswa N. , Mketo Nomvano
Published: November 2024

A microwave-assisted digestion technique based on dilute hydrogen peroxide (MW-AHPD) was developed for multielemental determination in vegetable oils. The determination of ten trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Sn, V, and Zn) was conducted via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) after digestion. The most influential parameters were investigated by using multivariate optimization tools (two-level full factorial and central composite design) with percent recovery as the chemometric response. The optimum conditions were 2.0 mol L−1 (H2O2]), 156 °C (digestion temperature),  0.1 g (sample mass) and 50 min (digestion time). Under the optimized conditions, the efficiency of digestion was evaluated based on the residual carbon content (RCC) of the final digests. The RCC values were very low, ranging from 0.84 to 1.60% (m/m). The greenness of the technique was evaluated using the Analytical Eco-scale, and the proposed method was considered an excellent green analysis method with a final score of 90. The accuracy of the optimized MW-AHPD was evaluated by spiking sunflower, olive, and peanut oils at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 μg L−1, and excellent recoveries between 90.3 and 107.3% were reported. The accuracy of the MW-AHPD method was compared with that of microwave-assisted digestion using concentrated HNO3, and there was no significant difference between the two methods. The limits of detection ranged from 0.026 to 14.6 μg L−1. On the other hand, the interday and intraday precisions were less than 6.67 and 6.96%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to determine the concentrations of trace elements in 5 vegetable oils on the South African market. Thus, MW-AHPD-ICP–OES is applicable for the determination of trace elements in vegetable oils.
A phase 1/2 study of gilteritinib in combination with chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with AML in Asia
Authors: Sawa Masashi , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Kim Hee-Je , Hiramatsu Yasushi , Cheong June-Won , Ikezoe Takayuki , Naoe Tomoki , Akashi Koichi , Morita Satoshi , Kosako Masanori , Ikegaya Moyu , Terada Wataru , Kadokura Takeshi , Hill Jason , Miyawaki Shuichi , Gill Stanley C. , Heinloth Alexandra , Hasabou Nahla
Published: November 2024

Objective

This interim analysis of a phase 1/2, open-label, single-arm study assessed the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of gilteritinib plus chemotherapy in adults with newly diagnosed FLT3 mutation-positive acute myeloid leukemia.

Methods

In sequential phase 1 and 2 studies, induction and consolidation therapy with gilteritinib 120 mg/day plus chemotherapy (induction: idarubicin/cytarabine once daily; consolidation: cytarabine twice daily) was followed by maintenance gilteritinib 120 mg/day monotherapy. Endpoints included maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended expansion dose (RED), and dose-limiting toxicity (phase 1), and complete remission (CR) rate following induction therapy (primary endpoint), overall survival (OS), safety, and pharmacokinetics (phase 2).

Results

In phase 1, MTD was not reached and RED was 120 mg/day. In phase 2, the CR rate was 50.0% after induction (90% confidence interval [CI] 40.4, 59.6); however, the lower confidence limit did not exceed the pre-defined 55% benchmark. Composite CR (CRc) rates were high following induction (86.6%, 95% CI [77.3, 93.1]), consolidation, and maintenance therapy (87.8%, 95% CI [78.7, 94.0], each). The probability of OS was 86.6% at 12 months. No new safety findings were reported.

Conclusion

In this interim analysis, gilteritinib 120 mg/day in combination with chemotherapy was well tolerated, with similar CRc rates to previous studies.
YAP Signaling in Glia: Pivotal Roles in Neurological Development, Regeneration and Diseases
Authors: Lin Lin , Yuan Yinfeng , Huang Zhihui , Wang Yongjie
Published: November 2024

Yes-associated protein (YAP), the key transcriptional co-factor and downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, has emerged as one of the primary regulators of neural as well as glial cells. It has been detected in various glial cell types, including Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells in the peripheral nervous system, as well as radial glial cells, ependymal cells, Bergmann glia, retinal Müller cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in the central nervous system. With the development of neuroscience, understanding the functions of YAP in the physiological or pathological processes of glia is advancing. In this review, we aim to summarize the roles and underlying mechanisms of YAP in glia and glia-related neurological diseases in an integrated perspective.
The Influence of Sex and Gender on the Level and Course of Subjective Cognitive Complaints After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: van den Houdt Sophie C. M. , Mommersteeg Paula M. C. , Widdershoven Jos , Kupper Nina
Published: November 2024

Background

Cognitive complaints (e.g., health anxiety and illness disruption) are commonly experienced by patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). While it is known that sex and gender affect health, their influence on cognitive complaints remains unknown. The current study explored sex and gender differences in cognitive complaints during the first month (acute phase) and beyond, up to 2 years (recovery phase) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Method

A total of 514 (Mage = 64.2 ± 8.9, 84.2% male) completed the cognitive scale of the Health Complaints Scale (i.e., overall cognitive complaints, health worry, illness disruption) at baseline, 1, 12, and 24 months post-PCI. Additional questionnaires to gauge gender identity, traits, and norms were administered in a follow-up study. General linear mixed model analyses were conducted to examine the influence of sex, gender, sex × gender, and covariates on cognitive complaints.

Results

Cognitive complaints only decreased in the first month post-PCI (all p < .01). There were no clear sex differences. However, gender generally predicted cognitive complaints in the first 2 years post-PCI: masculinity was related to less complaints, whereas feminine individuals reported higher absolute levels of complaints.

Conclusion

The current findings reveal that gender is a valuable factor concerning health complaints and indicate the need to further elaborate on the discrepancies between sex and gender in health research.
The toxicity, repellent, and biochemical effects of four wild plant extracts against Aphis gossypii Glover and Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley: HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds
Authors: Eldesouky Sahar E. , Tawfeek Mohamed E. , Salem Mohamed Z. M.
Published: November 2024

The insecticidal and repellent activities of the four wild plant extracts: stinging nettle, Urtica dioica L., white henbane, Hyoscyamus albus L., camphorweeds, Pluchea dioscoridis L., and cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. were tested compared to the insecticide spirotetramat against the 3rd nymphal instar of Aphis gossypii Glover and adult females of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley after 24 and 48 h of treatment. Their effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities were also assessed to explore their possible mechanisms of action. The phenolic compounds of the plant extracts were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The most abundant compounds in the methanol extract from P. dioscoridis were gallic acid (14.45 µg/mL), and cinnamic acid (11.44 µg/mL); from U. dioica were caffeic acid (15.32 µg/mL) and syringic acid (13.47 µg/mL); from H. albus were syringic acid (7.12 µg/mL) and catechol (5.33 µg/mL); and from X. strumarium were p-coumaric acid (24.53 µg/mL) and pyrogallol (18.35 µg/mL). According to the LC50 values, the contact toxicity of U. dioica, H. albus, P. dioscoridis, and X. strumarium against A. gossypii was 40.3, 60.6, 56.2, and 32.3 mg/L, whereas, the contact toxicity against P. solenopsis was 56.4, 67.5, 64.3, and 36.2 mg/L, compared to the spirotetramat (17.2 and 24.5 mg/L), respectively, at 48 h of treatment. The highest repellency rates were observed with LC50 values for X. strumarium (63.2 and 60.3%), followed by U. dioica (46.2 and 43.5%), P. dioscoridis (45.3 and 42.8%), and H. albus extract (38.8 and 35.2%) compared to the spirotetramat (78.5 and 76.2%) against A. gossypii and P. solenopsis at 24 h, but decreased with time. The AChE and GST activities in pests were significantly inhibited, compared to control and spirotetramat, with dose and time-dependent effects. These findings indicate that tested wild extracts may be suggested as viable alternatives for aphids and mealybugs control.
Mathematical Model to Evaluate the Impact of Power Supply Constraint for Electric Vehicles on Transportation Network
Authors: Nakajima Yuki , Shimamoto Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes the UE-based mathematical model to evaluate driver's choice of vehicle types and paths, explicitly considering the supply power constraint in addition to the charging station capacity constraints. Because the flows of EVs in the proposed model are represented in a path-based manner, we apply a column generation-based algorithm to avoid enumerating all of the possible paths. The contributions of this study are that 1) we consider both pre-trip charging and charging during a trip, and that 2) we focus on the difference in the impact of power supply constraints on vehicles that need to charge during a trip and those that do not. The proposed model is applied to a hypothetical network. As a result, we confirmed that 1) while the share of EVs in the middle distance tends to be higher, the share of EVs in the short and long distances tends to be lower, and that 2) in case of inadequate power supply, the share of EVs in the short and middle distances decreases significantly, whereas the share of EVs remains almost unchanged in long OD.
Data-Driven Surrogate Modeling with Microstructure-Sensitivity of Viscoplastic Creep in Grade 91 Steel
Authors: Ruybalid Andre , Tallman Aaron , Wen Wei , Matthews Christopher , Capolungo Laurent
Published: November 2024

To support the development of advanced steel alloys tailored to withstand extreme conditions, it is imperative to account for the mechanical performance of components, while considering the influence of local microstructure on the macroscopic response. To this end, this study focuses on the development of microstructure-sensitive constitutive models for the mechanical response of Grade 91 steel exposed to extreme thermo-mechanical environments. Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) surrogates are used to emulate high-fidelity polycrystal simulations of the viscoplastic response of Grade 91 steel as a function of the microstructure fingerprint (e.g., dislocations and precipitates). To cover a wide temperature–stress domain, two separate PCE surrogates—one that captures softening and the other that captures hardening behavior—are combined using another (sparse) Gaussian process regression model. The resulting constitutive creep surrogate model is integrated within the MOOSE finite element framework to simulate the intricate effects of microstructure, in particular MX-phase precipitates, on a component with a graded microstructure. Surrogate sensitivity analysis is applied to quantify the relevant impact of spatially varying microstructure on the creep response in a test-case involving a Grade 91 alloy with a prototypical weld.
On some Airy sheaves of Laurent type
Authors: Katz Nicholas M. , Rojas-León Antonio , Tiep Pham Huu
Published: November 2024

We study certain one-parameter families of exponential sums of Airy–Laurent type. Their general theory was developed in Katz and Tiep (Airy sheaves of Laurent type: an introduction, https://web.math.princeton.edu/~nmk/kt31_11sept.pdf). In the present paper, we make use of that general theory to compute monodromy groups in some particularly simple families (in the sense of “simple to remember"), realizing Weyl groups of type $$E_6$$

E
6

and $$E_8$$

E
8

.
Simulation framework and development of the Future Systems Simulator
Authors: Korek W.T. , Beecroft P. , Lone M. , Bragado Aldana E. , Mendez A. , Enconniere J. , Asad H.U. , Grzedzinski K. , Milidere M. , Whidborne J. , Li W.-C. , Lu L. , Alam M. , Asmayawati S. , Del Barrio Conde L. , Hargreaves D. , Jenkins D.
Published: November 2024

The Aerospace Integration Research Centre (AIRC) at Cranfield University offers industry and academia an open environment to explore the opportunities for efficient integration of aircraft systems. As a part of the centre, Cranfield University, Rolls-Royce, and DCA Design International jointly have developed the Future Systems Simulator (FSS) for the purpose of research and development in areas such as human factors in aviation, single-pilot operations, future cockpit design, aircraft electrification, and alternative control approaches. Utilising the state-of-the-art modularity principles in simulation technology, the FSS is built to simulate a diverse range of current and novel aircraft, enabling researchers and industry partners to conduct experiments rapidly and efficiently. Central to the requirement, a unique, user-experience-centred development and design process is implemented for the development of the FSS. This paper presents the development process of such a flight simulator with an innovative flight deck. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates the FSS’s capabilities through case studies. The cutting-edge versatility and flexibility of the FSS are demonstrated through the diverse example research case studies. In the final section, the authors provide guidance for the development of an engineering flight simulator based on lessons learned in this project.
Ostracism in Japan
Authors: Ramseyer J Mark , Rasmusen Eric B
Published: November 2024

Informal social sanctions such as ostracism are the primary means of controlling deviance in communities. Formal legal sanctions are a costly back-up. Yet outside of university laboratories, studies of ostracism barely exist. We examine legal cases brought by targets of ostracism in Japan, encompassing nearly all the non-trivial reported opinions. The cases do not involve villagers who actually offended their community. Instead, most plaintiffs are victims of opportunistic ostracism, where ostracism is used to extort property, hide community-wide malfeasance, or harass rivals. We explore carefully the non-random character of the disputes and provide a formal model in the annex. We conclude that typical plaintiffs in these lawsuits are not seeking to harness the government's coercive power. Instead, they bring suit for the informational role of courts, aiming to have the court publicly certify that they did not misbehave, contrary to what ostracism might be thought to imply. This analysis contributes to the growing body of legal scholarship on social norms and the role of the courts as informational intermediaries.
John Robots, Thurgood Martian, and the Syntax Monster: A New Argument Against AI Judges
Authors: Ebrahimi Afrouzi Amin
Published: November 2024

This paper argues that an AI judge is conceptually undesirable and not just something that lies beyond the state of the art in computer science. In a nutshell, even if an AI system could accurately predict how a good human judge would decide a particular case, its prediction would be the product of correlations between such factors as patterns of syntax in bodies of legal texts. This approach of AI systems is insufficient for basing their output on the sort of rationales that are expected of valid judicial decisions in any desirable legal system. Thus, by their very nature, AI systems are incapable of providing valid legal decisions in any such system.
Truly Risk-based Regulation of Artificial Intelligence How to Implement the EU’s AI Act
Authors: Ebers Martin
Published: November 2024

The Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) of the European Union (EU) claims to be based on a risk-based approach to avoid over-regulation and to respect the principle of legislative proportionality. This paper argues that risk-based regulation is indeed the right approach to AI regulation. At the same time, however, the paper shows that important provisions of the AI Act do not follow a truly risk-based approach. Yet, this is nothing that cannot be fixed. The AI Act provides for sufficient tools to support future-proof legislation and to implement it in line with a genuine risk-based approach. Against this background, the paper analyses how the AI Act should be applied and implemented according to its original intention of a risk-based approach, and what lessons legislators around the world can learn from the AI Act in regulating AI.
Intersective sets for sparse sets of integers
Authors: BIENVENU PIERRE-YVES , GRIESMER JOHN T. , LE ANH N. , LÊ THÁI HOÀNG
Published: November 2024

For

$E \subset \mathbb {N}$

, a subset

$R \subset \mathbb {N}$

is E-intersective if for every

$A \subset E$

having positive relative density,

$R \cap (A - A) \neq \varnothing $

. We say that R is chromatically E-intersective if for every finite partition

$E=\bigcup _{i=1}^k E_i$

, there exists i such that

$R\cap (E_i-E_i)\neq \varnothing $

. When

$E=\mathbb {N}$

, we recover the usual notions of intersectivity and chromatic intersectivity. We investigate to what extent the known intersectivity results hold in the relative setting when

$E = \mathbb {P}$

, the set of primes, or other sparse subsets of

$\mathbb {N}$

. Among other things, we prove the following: (1) the set of shifted Chen primes

$\mathbb {P}_{\mathrm {Chen}} + 1$

is both intersective and

$\mathbb {P}$

-intersective; (2) there exists an intersective set that is not

$\mathbb {P}$

-intersective; (3) every

$\mathbb {P}$

-intersective set is intersective; (4) there exists a chromatically

$\mathbb {P}$

-intersective set which is not intersective (and therefore not

$\mathbb {P}$

-intersective).
Conviction or Consent? Tracing the Influence of Coalition Partners on Family Policy under Centre-Right Ministers
Authors: Alvariño Manuel , Thies Milan
Published: November 2024

Many studies have analysed what could motivate centre-right governments to develop progressive family policies, given their historically traditionalist ideology. Updating classic institutionalist accounts, this article expands the focus beyond centre-right parties formally in charge. It argues that in coalition and minority governments, partisan veto players may act as agenda-setters, design policy reforms and successfully exert pressure to approve them through three mechanisms: agreements for government formation, conditions for government survival and bureaucratic continuity. Drawing on novel empirical data from interviews and document analysis, this article applies deductive process tracing to analyse the German parental allowance reform of 2006 and the Spanish 2017 paternity leave extension. The findings complement existing studies that focus on the agency of centre-right parties as ‘protagonists’ of these reforms, arguing that in some cases they have instead ‘consented’ to reforms proposed and supported by other parties.
GNSS reflectometry from low-cost sensors for continuous in situ contemporaneous glacier mass balance and flux divergence
Authors: Wells Albin , Rounce David , Sass Louis , Florentine Caitlyn , Garbo Adam , Baker Emily , McNeil Christopher
Published: November 2024

Recent advances in remote sensing have produced global glacier surface elevation change data. Parsing these elevation change signals into contributions from the climate (i.e. climatic mass balance) and glacier dynamics (i.e. flux divergence) is critical to enhance our process-based understanding of glacier change. In this study, we evaluate three approaches for direct, continuous measurements of the climatic mass balance, flux divergence and elevation change at a site on Gulkana Glacier in Alaska using low-cost global navigation satellite system (GNSS) sensors, GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR), banded ablation stakes with time-lapse cameras and combinations thereof. Cumulative climatic mass balance over the season was 4.85 m and the three approaches were within 0.08 m through early July before the snowpack melted, and within 0.28 m through mid-August. The flux divergence increased from 0.52 ± 0.03 cm d−1 before June 3 to about 0.73 cm d−1 after June 27. We demonstrate a single GNSS system fixed atop an ablation stake can measure contemporaneous climatic mass balance, flux divergence and elevation change based on the antenna's position and GNSS-IR techniques. The ability of these systems to measure glacier mass balance and flux divergence offers unique opportunities for year-round observations on mountain glaciers in the future.
Imprisonment and Human Rights in Israel: Uncertainty and Volatility
Authors: Sebba Leslie , Er‘el Rachela
Published: November 2024

This article provides an overview of the key issues in international and Israeli human rights standards related to incarceration from a legal and sociological perspective. We argue that the Israeli imprisonment system is currently undergoing uncertain changes, showing high volatility due to its historical development and normative nature. Our account of the tensions between punishment and human rights in Israel over recent decades suggests that this field is highly volatile, making it difficult to predict future developments. Although Israel’s constitutional and human rights-oriented reforms seemed to indicate progress, Israel also experienced a series of harsh and regressive statutory and penological reforms.
A sky survey of ultraviolet sources observed through AstroSat’s UVIT: A point source catalogue
Authors: Bordoloi Swagat , Shalima P. , Gogoi Rupjyoti , Murthy Jayant
Published: November 2024

The Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard India’s first dedicated multiwavelength satellite AstroSat observed a significant fraction of the sky in the ultraviolet with a spatial resolution of 1.4

$^{\prime\prime}$

. We present a catalogue of the point sources observed by UVIT in the far ultraviolet (FUV; 1 300–1 800 Å) and near ultraviolet (NUV; 2 000–3 000 Å). We carried out astrometry and photometry of 428 field pointings in the FUV and 54 field pointings in the NUV band, observed in 5 filter bands in each channel, respectively, covering an area of about 63 square degrees. The final catalogue contains about 102 773 sources. The limiting magnitude(AB) of the F148W band filter, that has the largest number of detections is

$\sim$

$21.3$

. For the NUV channel, we find the limiting magnitude at around

$\sim$

23. We describe the final catalogue and present the results of the statistical analysis.
THE HALKYN MOUNTAIN HOARD REHABILITATED? TWO WESTLAND CAULDRONS IN THE COLLECTIONS OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES
Authors: Gerrard James Frederick
Published: November 2024

This paper publishes for the first time two apparently unprovenanced Westland cauldrons in the collections of the Society of Antiquaries of London. An argument is made that these vessels are two of the three cauldrons from the lost Halkyn Mountain hoard found c 1760.
LOCALLY NILPOTENT SUBGROUPS OF
$\mathrm {GL}_n(D)$
Authors: FALLAH-MOGHADDAM R. , DORBIDI H. R.
Published: November 2024

Let A be an F-central simple algebra of degree

$m^2=\prod _{i=1}^k p_i^{2\alpha _i}$

and G be a subgroup of the unit group of A such that

$F[G]=A$

. We prove that if G is a central product of two of its subgroups M and N, then

$F[M]\otimes _F F[N]\cong F[G]$

. Also, if G is locally nilpotent, then G is a central product of subgroups

$H_i$

, where

$[F[H_i]:F]=p_i^{2\alpha _i}$

,

$A=F[G]\cong F[H_1]\otimes _F \cdots \otimes _F F[H_k]$

and

$H_i/Z(G)$

is the Sylow

$p_i$

-subgroup of

$G/Z(G)$

for each i with

$1\leq i\leq k$

. Additionally, there is an element of order

$p_i$

in F for each i with

$1\leq i\leq k$

.
The joint effect of vitamin-D status and tobacco exposure on overweight and obesity in children
Authors: Lin Yanyan , Zeng Gulan , Sun Yanyan
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to explore the combined effects of serum vitamin-D level and tobacco exposure on the risk of overweight and obesity in children. This cross-sectional study analysed the data of 11 636 children aged 2–17 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys database between 2007 and 2018. Univariable and multivariate weighted logistic regression models were used to analyse the associations of serum vitamin-D or cotinine levels with overweight and obesity in children as well as the combined effects of serum vitamin-D and cotinine on the risk of overweight and obesity in children. Subgroup analysis was performed in terms of gender, age, race and household smokers. OR with corresponding 95 % CI was presented. The elevated risk of overweight and obesity in children was found in those with serum vitamin-D < 20 ng/ml (OR = 1·44, 95 % CI: 1·29, 1·61). Also, the odds of overweight and obesity in children was 1·14 (OR = 1·14, 95 % CI: 1·01, 1·29) in children with cotinine ≥ 0·05 ng/ml. Relative to participants with serum vitamin-D ≥ 20 ng/ml and cotinine < 0·05 ng/ml, increased risk of overweight and obesity was identified in those with serum vitamin-D < 20 ng/ml and cotinine < 0·05 ng/ml (OR = 1·45, 95 % CI: 1·26, 1·68) and serum vitamin-D < 20 ng/ml and cotinine ≥ 0·05 ng/ml (OR = 1·62, 95 % CI: 1·38, 1·91). Serum vitamin-D and cotinine exposure had combined effects on the risk of overweight and obesity in children.
Nutritional interventions in patients with burn injury: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Naeini Fatemeh , Zeraattalab-Motlagh Sheida , Rahimlou Mehran , Ranjbar Mahsa , Hemmati Amirhossein , Habibi Sajedeh , Moradi Sajjad , Mohammadi Hamed
Published: November 2024

Multiple reviews have examined the impact of nutritional interventions in patients with burn injuries; however, discrepancies among results cast doubt about their validity. We implemented this review to assess the impact of various nutritional interventions in adult patients with burn injuries. We conducted a thorough search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases until 1 August 2024, to identify relevant meta-analyses of intervention trials, examining the impact of nutritional interventions on burn patients. We adopted the random-effect models to determine the pooled effect sizes while employing the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) to examine evidence certainty. Thirty-three original intervention trials from eleven meta-analyses were entered in our review. Early enteral nutrition could substantially reduce overall mortality (relative risk (RR): 0·36, 95 % CI: 0·19, 0·68, GRADE = moderate certainty), hospital stay (mean difference (MD): −15·3, 95 % CI: −20·4, −10·2, GRADE = moderate certainty) and sepsis risk (RR: 0·23, 95 % CI: 0·11, 0·45, GRADE = moderate certainty). Glutamine showed a notable decrease in the length of hospital stay (MD: −6·23, 95 % CI: −9·53, −2·94, GRADE = low certainty). However, other nutritional interventions, including combined immunonutrition, branched-chain amino acids, fish oil, ornithine α-ketoglutarate and trace elements, did not significantly affect the assessed clinical outcomes. Early enteral nutrition might impose a beneficial effect on mortality, hospital stay length and incidence of sepsis with moderate evidence. Lower length of hospital stay was also seen in burn patients supplemented with glutamine, although the evidence was weak.