bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cosmology Paradigm Changes
Authors: Einasto Jaan
Published: May 2018

I describe here my background and main steps in my studies. Each following step was a basis for the next one without a certain plan. I started my path with the study of kinematical properties of galactic populations, which smoothly transformed into the calculation of population models of galaxies. I had difficulties in satisfactorily modeling galaxies using population data; this led me to the dark matter problem. Discussing dark matter started a collaboration with Yakov Zel'dovich, which initiated the search for regularities in the distribution of galaxies. The detection of the supercluster-void network or the cosmic web followed.
A Conversation with Walter Munk
Authors: Munk Walter , Wunsch Carl
Published: May 2018

In this interview, Carl Wunsch talks with Walter Munk about his career in oceanography; his relationships with scientists such as Harald Sverdrup, Roger Revelle, Walfrid Ekman, Carl Rossby, Carl Eckart, Henry Stommel, and G.I. Taylor; technological advances over the decades; and his thoughts on the future of the field.
Globalization of Quantitative Policing: Between Management and Statactivism
Authors: Didier Emmanuel
Published: May 2018

Information policing seems to be pervading public security police all around the world. This review asks whether this appellation describes a homogeneous set of phenomena. Compstat was the first program to massively computerize policing. The literature reviewed here follows its fate in the United States and, on a global scale, in France, where the program was imported. The review successively discusses the perspective of managers who were favorable to the program and that of “statactivists,” activists who use statistics, who were opposed to it. Despite the many differences intervened during the importation process, especially in the balance of expertise and publicity, some points seem to be common to both contexts, such as the building of a computer infrastructure, a specific use of the data, and the constructive tensions between the police institution and its critics.
Poverty in America: New Directions and Debates
Authors: Desmond Matthew , Western Bruce
Published: May 2018

Reviewing recent research on poverty in the United States, we derive a conceptual framework with three main characteristics. First, poverty is multidimensional, compounding material hardship with human frailty, generational trauma, family and neighborhood violence, and broken institutions. Second, poverty is relational, produced through connections between the truly advantaged and the truly disadvantaged. Third, a component of this conceptual framework is transparently normative, applying empirical research to analyze poverty as a matter of justice, not just economics. Throughout, we discuss conceptual, methodological, and policy-relevant implications of this perspective on the study of extreme disadvantage in America.
On Becoming a Mathematical Demographer—And the Career in Problem-Focused Inquiry that Followed
Authors: Menken Jane
Published: May 2018

I greatly appreciate this opportunity to reflect on my career. Looking back over five decades of involvement in demographic and sociological scholarship, I have tried to say a bit about my personal life and my work—from developing mathematical models of fertility early on, to applying lessons from those models to empirical work in the United States, Bangladesh, and elsewhere in the developing world, to involvement in evaluations of health and population interventions. Equally important to me have been the building of research capacity and involvement in program and policy development. So much remains for new generations of scholars to do, but my hope is that, in choosing their own directions, they—and sociology as a whole—will take as their mission examining issues of societal importance around the world.
Globalization and Social Movements
Authors: Almeida Paul , Chase-Dunn Chris
Published: May 2018

A growing body of scholarship acknowledges the increasing influence of global forces on social institutions and societies on multiple scales. We focus here on the role of globalization processes in shaping collective action and social movements. Three areas of global change and movements are examined: first, long-term global trends and collective action; second, research on national and local challenges to economic globalization, including backlash movements and the types of economic liberalization measures most associated with inducing oppositional movements; and third, the emergence of contemporary transnational social movements. In each of these arenas we address debates on diffusion, intervening mechanisms, and the outcomes of collective mobilization in response to global pressures.
Interpreting and Understanding Logits, Probits, and Other Nonlinear Probability Models
Authors: Breen Richard , Karlson Kristian Bernt , Holm Anders
Published: May 2018

Methods textbooks in sociology and other social sciences routinely recommend the use of the logit or probit model when an outcome variable is binary, an ordered logit or ordered probit when it is ordinal, and a multinomial logit when it has more than two categories. But these methodological guidelines take little or no account of a body of work that, over the past 30 years, has pointed to problematic aspects of these nonlinear probability models and, particularly, to difficulties in interpreting their parameters. In this review, we draw on that literature to explain the problems, show how they manifest themselves in research, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives that have been suggested, and point to lines of further analysis.
Projected Real‐World Effectiveness of Using Aggressive Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Targets Among Elderly Statin Users Following Acute Coronary Syndromes in Canada
Authors: Alter David A. , Tu Jack V. , Koh Maria , Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Austin Peter C. , Rezai Mohammad R. , Bhatia R. Sacha , Johnston Sharon , Udell Jacob A. , Ko Dennis T.
Published: May 2018

Background

The extent to which outcome benefits may be achieved through the implementation of aggressive low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol targets in real world settings remains unknown, especially among elderly statin users following acute coronary syndromes.

Methods and Results

A population‐based cohort study consisting of 19 544 post‐acute coronary syndrome statin‐users aged ≥66 years between January 1, 2017 and March 31, 2014 was used to project the number of adverse outcome events (acute myocardial infarction or death from any cause) that could be prevented if all post‐acute coronary syndrome elderly statin users were treated to 1 of 2
LDL
cholesterol target levels (≤50 and ≤70 mg/dL). The number of preventable adverse outcomes was estimated by using model‐based expected event probabilities as derived from Cox Proportional hazards models. In total, 61.6% and 25.5% of the elderly patients met
LDL
cholesterol targets of ≤70 and ≤50 mg/dL, respectively, based on current management. No more than 2.3 adverse events per 1000 elderly statin users (95% confidence interval: −0.7 to 5.4,
P
=0.62) could be prevented over 8.1 years if all patients were to be treated from current
LDL
cholesterol levels to either of the 2
LDL
cholesterol targets of 70 or 50 mg/dL.

Conclusions

The number of acute myocardial infarctions or death that could be prevented through the implementation of
LDL
cholesterol targets with statins is negligible among an elderly post‐acute coronary syndrome population. Such findings may have implications for the applicability of newer agents, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type‐9‐ inhibitors.
Predictors of Postoperative Rehabilitation Therapy Following Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Ubeda Tikkanen Ana , Nathan Meena , Sleeper Lynn A. , Flavin Marisa , Lewis Ana , Nimec Donna , Mayer John E. , del Nido Pedro
Published: May 2018

Background

Patients with congenital heart disease are at risk of motor, cognitive, speech, and feeding difficulties after cardiac surgery. Rehabilitation therapy could improve functional outcomes in this population if applied in the acute postcardiac surgical in‐hospital stay. However, information on the types of acute postcardiac surgery therapy needs in children is scarce. Our goal was to describe rehabilitation therapy following congenital heart surgery and pre/intraoperative factors associated with need for therapy.

Methods and Results

This is a retrospective cohort study of patients <18 years undergoing heart surgery at our center from January 1, 2013 to January 31, 2015. Demographic, and pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative clinical and rehabilitation therapy (physical, occupational, speech, feeding therapy, and neurodevelopment intervention) data were collected. Need for rehabilitation therapy in the acute postoperative period, particularly following palliative repair, was the outcome variable in a multivariable logistic regression model to identify independent pre‐ and intraoperative factors associated with therapy. A total of 586 out of 1415 (41%) subjects received rehabilitation therapy postsurgery. Certain subgroups had increased rehabilitation therapy use such as neonates (80%). On multivariable analysis, palliative repair, prematurity, genetic syndrome, presurgical hospital stay of more than 1 day, and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time were independently associated with rehabilitation therapy.

Conclusions

Nearly half of patients who underwent post–congenital heart surgery received rehabilitation therapy. Frequency of use and types of therapy vary according to patient characteristics; however, certain pre‐ and intraoperative factors are associated with need for rehabilitation therapy, and may aid decision‐making for appropriate resource allocation.
Peer relationships and quality of life in 11–12-year-old children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)
Authors: Lezhnieva Natalia , Fredriksen Per Morten , Bekkhus Mona
Published: May 2018

Aims: Social interactions play an important role in our everyday life. Studies on children’s quality of life (QoL) show that peer relations are associated with both positive and negative outcomes. Popularity defines the degree to which a child is liked by his or her peers, whereas reciprocal friendship occurs when two children mutually nominate each other as friends. The overall aim was to examine associations between peer relations and children’s QoL. Methods: Baseline data were from the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP). From a sample of 2297, 691 children aged 11–12 years participated. QoL was measured using the Norwegian version of the Inventory of Life Quality in Children and Adolescents (ILC). Popularity and friendship variables were based on number of nominations and represent quantitative features of peer relationships. Results: Both popularity and reciprocal friendship had a positive association with children’s QoL. Number of nominations (both for popularity and reciprocal friendship) played a significant role for the above-mentioned associations. Consequently, popularity (β = 0.18) and reciprocal friendship (β = 0.25) were associated with children’s QoL with 95% CIs of 0.12–0.27 and 0.17–0.31, respectively. Conclusions: Findings from the current study contribute to contemporary research focused on children’s QoL. Being able to rank reciprocal friendships, as well as recognizing that having more than one reciprocal friendship increases QoL, is important and could be beneficial for developing programs that promote high QoL, hence preventing possible maladjustments in a long-term perspective.
Waist circumference in 6–12-year-old children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)
Authors: Fredriksen Per Morten , Skår Angelica , Mamen Asgeir
Published: May 2018

Aims: With overweight and obesity increasing worldwide, it has become ever more important to monitor the development and distribution of adiposity in children. This study investigated how the measurements of waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in children 6–12 years old relate to earlier studies. Methods: In 2015, 2271 children (boys, n = 1150) were measured for height, weight, and WC. Parental education level was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. Results: A significant increase in WC with age was revealed for both sexes ( p < .0001). Boys at 10 and 12 years had a larger WC than girls; otherwise no difference between sexes was found. The WHtR decreased with age for girls ( p < .0001); 14% of the sample displayed a WHtR ≥ 0.50. Comparison with earlier studies showed a higher WC and WHtR despite no change in weight and body mass index. Conclusion: WC and WHtR are recommended as tools for identifying central obesity in children. The results indicate increased WC in 6–12-year-old children compared with earlier findings.
Quality of life in primary school children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)
Authors: Ringdal Kristen , Ringdal Gerd Inger , Olsen Helene Kristin , Mamen Asgeir , Fredriksen Per Morten
Published: May 2018

Aims: The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between parents’ level of education, measurements of physical attributes, and quality of life in a general sample of primary school children. Methods: The children’s and the parents’ versions of the Inventory of Life Quality in Children and Adolescents (ILC) were used to measure health-related quality of life (QOL) in 2140 school children (response rate 93%) and 1639 parents (response rate 71%) recruited from nine primary schools in Norway. A set of physical characteristics were also measured in the children: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, average daily minutes of physical activity, aerobic fitness, and handgrip strength. Results: The regression analysis showed stronger relationships between the covariates and QOL for the parents’ assessments than for the children’s. Parents’ level of education was significantly related to children’s QOL, with the strongest association for parental QOL assessment. Among the physical variables, aerobic fitness ( B = 0.01, p > .001 in both samples), and handgrip strength in the parents’ sample ( B = 0.21, p < .05) were significantly related to the children’s QOL. Conclusions: The present study replicated the well-known finding that parents’ sociodemographic status is important for children’s QOL. Our new contribution is to show that the physiological variables aerobic fitness and muscular strength also contributed significantly to explain variance in QOL. This opens up interesting perspectives on how to improve QOL among children through more emphasis on physical activity and physical fitness in schools.
Development of weight and height in Norwegian children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)
Authors: Skår Angelica , Meza Trine Johansen , Fredriksen Per Morten
Published: May 2018

Aims: High prevalence of overweight and obesity increases the disease burden with higher risk for an expanding set of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, certain types of cancers and an array of musculoskeletal disorders. Over the last decades, trends in children’s weight have changed worldwide. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of height and weight and calculations of body mass index (BMI) were recorded for 2297 children, aged 6–12 years. Results: Percentiles for weight and height are presented, as well as overweight and obesity cut-off points according to International Obesity Task Force guidelines for each age group. Children’s BMI is higher compared to older studies; however, a levelling-off of weight is evident, as 14–15% of the children are overweight in the present study. Children within the 90th and 97.5th percentiles display a higher annual increase in weight/height ratio compared to other percentiles. Parental level of education shows association with children’s BMI. Conclusions: A levelling-off of weight gain among children is evident; however, overweight children tend to gain more weight than normal-weight children.
Anthropometric measures as fitness indicators in primary school children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)
Authors: Mamen Asgeir , Fredriksen Per Morten
Published: May 2018

Aims: As children’s fitness continues to decline, frequent and systematic monitoring of fitness is important. Easy-to-use and low-cost methods with acceptable accuracy are essential in screening situations. This study aimed to investigate how the measurements of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) relate to selected measurements of fitness in children. Methods: A total of 1731 children from grades 1 to 6 were selected who had a complete set of height, body mass, running performance, handgrip strength and muscle mass measurements. A composite fitness score was established from the sum of sex- and age-specific z-scores for the variables running performance, handgrip strength and muscle mass. This fitness z-score was compared to z-scores and quartiles of BMI, WC and WHtR using analysis of variance, linear regression and receiver operator characteristic analysis. Results: The regression analysis showed that z-scores for BMI, WC and WHtR all were linearly related to the composite fitness score, with WHtR having the highest R2 at 0.80. The correct classification of fit and unfit was relatively high for all three measurements. WHtR had the best prediction of fitness of the three with an area under the curve of 0.92 ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: BMI, WC and WHtR were all found to be feasible measurements, but WHtR had a higher precision in its classification into fit and unfit in this population.
Objectively assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels among primary school children in Norway: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)
Authors: Deng Wei Hai , Fredriksen Per Morten
Published: May 2018

Aims: The objective was to investigate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels (MVPA) of primary school children at baseline of the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP), Norway. Methods: Data on 2123 children aged 6–12 years were included for analysis (75% participation rate). Average minutes per day in MVPA was objectively measured using accelerometry based on seven-day averages. The sample was analysed for age-, sex-, socioeconomic-, and season-related patterns. A linear regression investigated the moderating effect of these factors as well as body mass index and waist circumference. Results: Some 86.5% of the sample had at least 60 min/day MVPA, averaging 90.7 min/day. The main differences in daily averages were between age groups 6½–9 and 10–12 ( p < .05). Boys (95.8 min/day, 95% CI: 94.1–97.5) were more active than girls (85.6 min/day, 95% CI: 83.9–87.2) in all age groups ( p < .0001). MVPA was lower by 3.5 min ( p < .0001) per additional year of age in the linear regression (R2 = 0.176) and was reduced by 20 min less per day in MVPA in the winter months compared with the summer months ( p < .0001). Conclusions: Physical activity levels are already in decline from 6–7 years old and are likely to continue to decline into adolescence. Interventions must therefore focus on primary school children.
Correlation between workplace learning and job satisfaction of NHS healthcare professionals
Authors: Iliopoulos Efthymios , Morrissey Natasha , Baryeh Kwaku , Polyzois Ioannis
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

Job satisfaction is directly connected to job performance. This correlation is very important in the health service, where employee performance is linked to patient care. It has been reported in other organisations that workplace learning enhances job satisfaction. The aim of this study is to investigate if such a correlation exists within the health service.

Methods:

Job satisfaction and workplace learning questionnaires were distributed to healthcare employees at aN NHS hospital. The participants were directly involved in patient care. The professionals who participated in the study were doctors, nurses, paramedics, physiotherapists and radiographers.

Results:

In total, 102 questionnaires were collected. There was a direct significant correlation between job satisfaction and workplace learning (Pearson's correlation=0.38). Compared to doctors, nurses felt that workplace training was better (P=0.001). Moreover, total job experience and the time spent in the Trust had a mild negative correlation with job satisfaction. Frequent departmental teaching also had a significant positive impact on employee job satisfaction (P=0.05).

Conclusion:

Workplace learning is directly linked to employee job satisfaction in the NHS, and frequently scheduled departmental teaching enhances staff satisfaction.
A literature review of Breathworks and mindfulness intervention
Authors: Mehan Suraj , Morris Julia
Published: May 2018

Objective:

To review and discuss the literature concerning mindfulness interventions and the Breathworks Mindfulness for Health Programme.

Methods:

Electronic databases used consisted of MEDLINE, PubMed, PsychINFO and Google Scholar. Search terms used consisted of ‘Breathworks Mindfulness’, ‘Mindfulness for Health’ and ‘Mindfulness for Pain’. Breathworks endorsed literature was also considered.

Results:

Studies found varied in mindfulness interventions used from Breathworks, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy. While other studies focused on specific mindfulness techniques such as the body scan and breathing anchor. Designs varied from pre to post intervention comparisons, randomised control trials, thematic grounded theory and systematic and meta-analytic reviews. Studies predominately focused on populations with long-term conditions and chronic pain. Overall, findings indicated Breathworks and other variations of mindfulness interventions to be beneficial towards health, well-being and pain management. However, true reflection of efficacy is confounded by methodological issues presented in the research.

Conclusion:

There is clear potential benefit for mindfulness helping those with long-term conditions and chronic pain.
A role for independent peer review: reflections on the gateway review process
Authors: Cluley Victoria , Radnor Zoe , Salvatori Federica , Whiting Andrew
Published: May 2018

Healthcare organisations face constant pressure to change in order to pursue quality and performance improvements. As a result, professionals are often said to be experiencing change fatigue. This can be problematic for policy implementation initiatives. This paper reflects on an informal Gateway Review of Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland's Integrated Point of Access Programme to make the case for independent peer review of healthcare management change programmes in order to work towards reducing change fatigue and its impacts. Peer review has been identified as an effective but underused process across health and social care provision and management. With this in mind, the Gateway Review outlined here is used to exemplify some of the practical benefits and challenges of external peer review. Based on this experience, a number of learning points and recommendations are outlined for those undertaking or thinking about undertaking peer review in healthcare management.
School leaders call for an end to growing ‘complaints culture’
Authors: Parr Chris
Published: May 2018

As the DfE promises action on ‘confusing’ accountability system, the NAHT demands an end to ‘dubious’ practices during Ofsteds
The cornerstones of character: Opportunity
Authors: Bawden Matt
Published: May 2018

In the final of his four articles on the cornerstones of good character and mental health provision, Matt Bawden looks at the opportunities available and how to take hold of them…
Desirable difficulties
Authors: Sherwood Caroline
Published: May 2018

When planning lessons, we should not worry about students getting stuck, we should worry about them not getting stuck. Caroline Sherwood explains
Antisperm antibodies disrupt plasma membrane integrity and inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation in human spermatozoa
Authors: Pujianto Dwi A. , Hajizah Hajizah , Mansur Indra G. , Amarudin Amarudin
Published: May 2018

Background: The etiology of unexplained infertility has not been fully understood. This study aimed to determine the effect of antisperm antibody (ASA) from infertile women on viability, motility, plasma membrane integrity, and status of tyrosine phosphorylation in the human spermatozoa.Methods: An experimental in vitro study was conducted at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia from February to November 2014. Spermatozoa from normal fertile donors was incubated with serum containing ASA from infertile women at several dilutions (1/1000, 1/100, 1/10, and without dilution) for 1 and 2 hours. The plasma membrane integrity was assessed with hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test, whereas the status of tyrosine phosphorylation was analyzed using Western immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry.Results: After 1 hour incubation time, ASA caused a decrease in sperm viability, motility, plasma membrane integrity, and inhibit sperm tyrosine phosphorylation. ASA caused a decrease in viability, motility, sperm plasma membrane integrity, and tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm after 1 hour incubation time.Conclusion: ASA from infertile women reduced the sperm viability, motility, plasma membrane integrity, and capacitation in dose and time dependent manner.
Honey clinically stimulates granulation and epithelialization in chronic wounds: a report of two cases
Authors: Kefani Putu E.P. , Putra Ida B.A.D. , Roosseno Ratna R.N.
Published: May 2018

Various studies have been widely reintroduced honey as a wound dressing in chronic wound treatment. However, its utilization in Indonesia is still very limited. This study reported the effect of honey in stimulating the epithelialization and granulation on chronic wound treatment in our center. Two chronic wound cases, diabetic foot ulcer patient and gangrenous extravasation due to sodium bicarbonate, were daily treated with honey applications. After six-week evaluation, clinically the tissue granulation and epithelization were seen at the edge of the observed wounds and decreased the wound size significantly with no reported side effects. Honey clinically stimulates the epithelialization and granulation on chronic wound treatment.
PDGF-AB rich-trombocyte lysate supplementation from breast cancer patients increased the proliferation of breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Kartolo Wiwi A. , Pawitan Jeanne A. , Harahap Alida R. , Wanandi Septelia I.
Published: May 2018

Background: Thrombocytosis in breast cancer (BC) patient was thought to play a role in the invasiveness of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Modification of tumor microenvironment was proposed to increase the efficacy of anticancer therapy. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of platelet lysate (PL) as well as its PDGF-AB content as a tumor microenvironment on (CD24-/CD44+) BCSC proliferation.Methods: This was an experimental study that treated culture of BCSCs with PL from breast cancer (BC) patients or healthy donors. Venous blood from all subjects were subjected to prior hematology test and then processed to obtain platelet rich plasma  (PRP). Platelet counts in PRP were determined. PRP was processed to obtain PL. PDGF-AB contents in PL were measured. PL at concentrations of 0.01% (v/v) was supplemented into DMEM-F12 medium and used for culturing BCSCs (CD24-/CD44+ cells). After 48 hours, total cell count, population doubling time (PDT), and cell viability were calculated and their correlation with platelet count and PDGF-AB levels were analyzed.Results: BC patients (n=5) had higher platelet counts and PDGF-AB levels in PL compared to healthy donors (n=15), (p=0.02). PL from BC patients could stimulate the proliferation of BCSCs higher than healthy donors (p<0.001) and showed lower PDT value (p=0.001). Cell proliferation and PDT showed strong correlation with PDGF-AB level. This observation suggests that PDGF-AB has a role on BCSCs proliferation. PL showed no effect on BCSCs viability.Conclusion: Breast cancer patient platelet lysate stimulated BCSC proliferation.
Compliance in doing Senam Kesegaran Jasmani 1988 exercise improves cardiorespiratory endurance of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children
Authors: Mirtha Listya T. , Sekartini Rini
Published: May 2018

Background: Physical exercise was hypothesized to be able to improve the behavior of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by improving attention and concentration. Several studies mentioned that physical exercise could make ADHD children calmer, not only as a supportive therapy, but also as a therapeutic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical exercise to the behavior of ADHD patients and to analyze the effects of Senam Kesegaran Jasmani 1988 (SKJ 88) exercise compliance to the cardiorespiratory endurance in ADHD children.Methods: This study was an experimental study with 40 subjects from a special needs school in Tangerang, Indonesia. Subjects were given SKJ 88 exercise for 8 weeks, and the level of cardiorespiratory endurance was assessed with 600 m run before and after intervention.Results: 21 subjects (52.5%) were compliant, and the rest were very compliant. Although statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in cardiorespiratory endurance before and after intervention, the mean results of cardiorespiratory endurance test before intervention was higher than after. Mean time spent in the 600-m run before intervention was 497.9 seconds (SD 73.53), and after intervention was 313.7 seconds (SD 43.28).Conclusion: Based on the statistical test, we concluded that there was significant decrease of time spent for cardiorespiratory endurance test (p<0.001). The reduction of time taken to run 600 m by 184.3 seconds (SD 73.33) showed the improvement of cardiorespiratory endurance after the treatment.
Applicability of a clinical scoring criteria for disease severity of ß-thalassemia/hemoglobin E in Indonesia
Authors: Wahidiyat Pustika A. , Sastroasmoro Sudigdo , Fucharoen Suthat , Setianingsih Iswari , Putriasih Siti A.
Published: May 2018

Background: β-thalassemia/HbE presents with a variety of clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic to severe, requiring routine transfusion. However, there is currently no agreed classification system to stratify patients based on clinical severity of β-thalassemia/HbE in the Indonesian population. Thailand has already established a classification system, and this study aimed to identify the applicability of the Thailand clinical scoring criteria to determine the severity of β-thalassemia/HbE in the Indonesian population.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted by evaluating patients with β-thalassemia/HbE, who were classified into mild, moderate, or severe groups based on the Thailand clinical scoring criteria.Results: A total of 293 subjects with β-thalassemia/HbE were included. Based on this clinical scoring criteria, it was found that only 21.5% of patients were classified as mild, and the remaining 35.5% and 44% were classified as moderate and severe respectively. Approximately 68.2% of the subjects in the severe group received transfusion at <4 years old, while only 10% of those in the mild group were transfused at the same age. In the mild group, only 10% of the subjects underwent routine transfusion, compared to 98.4% of the subjects in the severe group. In addition, only 27% of the subjects in the mild group showed stunted growth, while that in the moderate and severe groups were 54.5% and 86.8%, respectively.Conclusion: Thailand clinical scoring criteria is able to determine the severity of Indonesia thalassemia patient which needs further management, i.e. transfusion and observation of stunted growth. This scoring system will help provide the provision of the most ideal management for the groups of patients based on their requirements.
Management of old naso-orbital fractures with ocular involvement and associated complications caused by facial trauma
Authors: Arianti Alia , Irawati Yunia
Published: May 2018

A 14-years-old boy came with chief complaint of epiphora and history of globe rupture repair surgery due to facial trauma one year ago. Patient got complications from the trauma, including nasolacrimal duct obstruction, phthisis bulbi, enophthalmos, facial deformities, and ptosis. Multidisciplinary approach was performed simultaneously in one session surgery which included oral mucosal graft for non-irritative phthisis bulbi, silicone block implant for blowout fracture, external dacrycystorhinostomy for obstructed nasolacrimal duct, fascia lata brow suspension/frontalis sling for ptosis, and septorhinoplasty for nasal augmentation. After the surgery, symptoms of epiphora had resolved and aesthetical improvement of facial deformities was also prominent. Management of old orbital fracture poses additional challenges due to the complications that have occurred over time. Loss of functionality may seem impractical to manage because no function can be pertained. Nevertheless, it is important to still perform surgical repair for aesthetic purposes due to the psychological effect on their daily lives.
Factors that influence the survival of unstable pelvic fracture in the acute phase
Authors: Irianto Komang A. , Chilmi Muhammad Z. , Adyaksa Gana
Published: May 2018

Background: The fatality rate of unstable pelvic fracture is still high (20–50%) due to acute phase hemorrhage or late multiple organ failure. The assurance for 100% survival in acute phase had been reported if the emergency room team have the right technique, right timing, and right protocol. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to date factors that influence the non-survival unstable pelvic fracture within 2x24 hours.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in emergency unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya during 2012–2016 for unstable pelvic fracture with unstable hemodynamic, without concomitant head or thoracic injury and admitted within 4 hours after the incident. All patients were handled according to the protocol for resuscitation and C-clamp insertion immediately. X-ray was taken after the insertion to check the C-clamp position and to confirm the diagnosis. The 2x24-hour data were taken whether the patient survive or not survive, including mean arterial pressure (MAP) pre-and post, heart rate (HR) pre-and post, and initial hemoglobin and platelet count. Data were analyzed with independent t-test and multiple regression analysis.Results: Twenty two patients were recorded as the inclusive criteria, separated into 17 survivors and 5 non-survivors. They were comprised of 14 males and 8 female patients, with an average of 31.9±15.3 years old. The MAP post, HR pre-and post, and platelet count were significantly different. The factor that influenced the survival within 2x24 hours was the MAP post C-clamp (>70 mmHg) (p<0.05).Conclusion: The acute phase 2x24-hour outcome after C-clamp insertion and resuscitation was significantly influenced by MAP post C-clamp and resuscitation.
Antiviral effect of Archidendron pauciflorum leaves extract to hepatitis C virus: An in vitro study in JFH-1 strain
Authors: Hartati Sri , Aoki Chie , Hanafi Muhammad , Angelina Marissa , Soedarmono Pratiwi , Hotta Hak
Published: May 2018

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases. Drug resistance to the regimen is also increasing. Hence, there is a need for new anti-HCV agents that are less toxic and more efficacious. The aim of this study is to evaluate the  possibility of A. pauciflorum extracts can be a antiviral drug.Methods: Huh-7it cells were infected with the HCV genotype 2a strain JFH-I in the presence of methanol extracts of Archidenron pauciflorum. The methanol extract further partition used n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water showed in which butanol extracts exerted the strongest IC50 (6.3 g/ml). Further, the butanol fraction was fractionated and yielded into 13 fractions.Results: The methanol extract of the leaves of A. pauciflorum exhibited concentration dependent inhibition against the JFH1 strain of HCV genotype 2a with an IC50 is 72.5 μg/ml. The butanol fraction exhibited the highest anti-HCV activity with an IC50 is 6.3 μg/ml. The butanol fraction was fractionated which yielded 13 fractions. Fractions 5 and 13 exhibited high anti-HCV activities with IC50 is 5.0 μg/ml and 8.5 μg/ml and a time-of-addition study demonstrated that fraction 5 inhibited viral infection at the post-entry step, whereas fraction 13 primarily inhibited the viral entry step.Conclusion: The extract A. pauciflorum can be used as a herbal-based antiviral drug.
Cardiac catheterization and percutaneus catheter in grown-up congenital heart diseases: single center experience at developing country
Authors: Dewi Luh G.A.P. , Yantie Ni P.V.K. , Gunawijaya Eka
Published: May 2018

Background: Grown-up congenital heart disease (GUCH) patients are unique and challenges especially at developing country. The numbers of diagnostic as well as interventional cardiac catheterization procedures in GUCH patients are growing. The aim of this study was to report the outcome of cardiac catheterization including intervention procedure in GUCH.Methods: The descriptive study was conducted at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. All patients (age of more than 12 years) who underwent cardiac catheterization from 2011 until 2017 were included in this study. Patients, characteristic, types of catheter procedures, immediate complications, and outcomes were documented.Results: A total 54 subjects were included with median age of 23 years and 70% were female. The first symptom that brought patients to hospital is dyspnea 46% and palpitation 32%. Five subjects underwent a diagnostic catheter procedure and 49 (91%) diagnostic and catheter based interventions. Transcatheter interventions procedures included atrial septal defect (ASD) (success rate of 20 per 21), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (success rate of 16 per16), ventricular septal defect (VSD) (success rate of  9 per 9), pulmonal stenosis (PS) (success rate of 1 per 2), and aortic stenosis (AS) (success rate of 1 per 1). The complications encountered were transient dysrhythmias in 15 subjects, device embolization in 4 subjects, massive bleeding in 1 subject, and overall mortality in 2 subjects.Conclusion: The number of the catheterization interventions in GUCH was 91% and ASD device closure was the most common procedure. Transcatheter intervention has a high procedural success rates (96%) and low procedural-related complications.
“Professional” or “full time” scientific editor: the need for the growing medical journal in Indonesia
Authors: Hamid Agus Rizal A.H.
Published: May 2018

[no abstract available]
Emergent affect in Final Fantasy VII and Japanese role-playing games
Authors: van Ommen Mattias
Published: May 2018

In this study, I consider the ways in which Final Fantasy VII, a game with a history of over two decades, has been nostalgically and affectively remembered by a generation of global fans. By focusing on audience reception and employing qualitative methods, I show how players of video games can establish affective connections with game worlds and characters. This affective linkage between player and artefact is the result of emergent processes, which are accentuated by the emergent structures that make up video games themselves. The study also considers the affective association with Japan as site of national-cultural production of these games and the genre of Japanese role-playing games, in the context of an increasingly globally interconnected video game industry.
The dialectic of the avatar: Developing in-world identities in Second Life
Authors: Kuznetcova Irina , Teeple Jamie , Glassman Michael
Published: May 2018

This article explores identity development and understanding of avatars as an important educational goal in the avatar-based multi-user virtual environment platform of Second Life (SL). There are in general two ways to understand identity development in virtual worlds. The first way is to examine the role that these platforms play in the search for identity. The second way is to see avatar development as a micro-version of the identity task outlined by Erik Erikson. This article, which also looks to explore how avatar identity development might foster what the Brazilian educator refers to as conscientization, the ability to recognize the ways that society predetermines perceptions of self and others, focuses on the latter. We suggest that these micro-identity tasks involve a place–space dialectic in which users’ experiences in their place-based emotional/identity development initially serve as context for avatar development. There is then an ensuing dialectic in which the space-based avatar helps these users gain further understanding of their place-based lives as they continue to create their in-world avatar identities. We include interviews and blog posts of four undergraduate students who participated in a course that integrated SL as a primary learning tool into a general education course. The students discuss the development of their avatars, which coincided with a unit on identity development. Each of these students brought their place-based experiences into their avatar development in different ways, which in turn affected their place-based understandings. The article argues that place-based experience serves as an important social/cultural indicator for conscientization as part of the ongoing learning process.
Listening in the aether: Rehearing and imagining the world virtually
Authors: Johnson Phylis
Published: May 2018

This discussion examines the use of sound in the massive multiplayer online social platform Second Life (2003–18), by drawing upon ideas and works of traditional and new media ‘sound’ scholars and practitioners. In particular, this study draws from the theoretical works of prominent sound scholar R. Murray Schafer, and new media theorists Marshall McLuhan, Jean Baudrillard, Janine Marchessault, Lev Manovich and Edward Castonova. This study explores listening within simulated environments through a case study of sound teaching and research in what was constructed as a sound laboratory, which is situated on a simulated estate created in Second Life. Participation during the course work evoked students’ memories of childhood events and other prior experiences. The study is focused on the first phases of the project conducted during 2013 and 2014. What began as a lesson in sound literacy called forth questions about how sound contributes to understanding reality, especially when acoustic space is located within virtual reality. The sound laboratory is still operational in Second Life.
The impossible relationship: Deconstructing the private space in Gone Home
Authors: Snyder Shane
Published: May 2018

Based in the 1990s, the video game Gone Home has the player take control of Katie Greenbriar, a woman who arrived at the United States to her family’s abandoned mansion from a year of travel abroad. Pinned to the front door, a note written by Katie’s teenage sister, Sam Greenbriar, urges Katie not to search the mansion for evidence of the family’s whereabouts because Sam has run away to live a life with her girlfriend, Lonnie, after her father, Terrence Greenbriar, surveilled them and forced them to conceal themselves in the mansion’s secret rooms. Deploying a queer theoretical approach informed by the work of queer game theorists and cultural studies scholars, this article analyses the queer narrative and content of Gone Home’s lesbian relationship in order to illustrate how the home the player interacts with is a site through which to deconstruct the public/private dyad. It is also a space where lesbian identities are constantly surveilled and forced into hiding. The article concludes that Gone Home rethinks the home as a series of figurative closets within which gay and lesbian identities can only temporarily escape the trauma of the public gaze.
Traditional methods for the protection of mother and baby during birth and after birth
Doğum ve doğum sonrasında anne ve bebeğin korunmasına ilişkin geleneksel uygulamalar
Authors: Vargün Berivan
Published: May 2018

Birth, a rite of passage, is a cultural condition as well as a biological phenomenon. Changes in humans’ social status are expressed in ritual ways at birth- which causes cultural changes and transformations, and several practices of avoidance, refrainment and protection are observed. This study investigates the beliefs, rituals and practices in relation to protecting the mother and the baby at birth and after birth in Harran, Bozova and Eyyubiye districts of Şanlıurfa. Several beliefs and practices were developed in the region to protect and heal the mother and the baby at birth and in the period following birth. It was found that practices in relation to protection, avoidance, refrainment and healing at birth and after birth were still continuing in Harran, Bozova and Eyyubiye districts as in the past. The study, based on field study, was conducted with 68 women in the first week of July 2016. This paper presents findings about beliefs, ritual and practices in relation to protecting the mother and the baby at birth and after birth. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.  ÖzetGeçiş ritüellerinden biri olan doğum, biyolojik bir olgu olmasının yanı sıra kültürelde bir durumdur. Kültürel değişim ve dönüşümlere sebep olan doğum evresinde, insanların toplumsal statülerindeki değişim, törensel yollarla ifade edilir ve bu durum karşısında pek çok sakınma kaçınma ve korunma pratikleri gerçekleştirilir. Çalışmamızda Şanlıurfa’nın Harran, Bozova ve Eyyübiye ilçelerinde doğum ve doğum sonrasında anne ve bebeğin korunmasına ilişkin inanç, ritüel ve uygulamaların neler olduğu araştırılmıştır. Harran, Bozova ve Eyyübiye ilçelerinde doğum ve doğum sonrasına yönelik korunma, kaçınma, sakınma ve sağaltıma ilişkin pratiklerin geçmişte olduğu gibi halen devam ettiği saptanmıştır. Alan araştırmamıza dayalı çalışmamız 2016 yılında Temmuz ayının ilk haftalarında Şanlıurfa iline bağlı Bozova, Eyyübiye ve Harran ilçelerinde yaşayan 68 kadınla kendi evlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Makalede doğum ve doğum sonrasında anne ve bebeğin korunmasına ilişkin inanç, ritüel ve uygulamaların neler olduğuna ilişkin bulgular yer almaktadır.
An unusual circulating steroid profile in a virilized postmenopausal woman
Authors: Benavent Correro Patricia , Sáenz Valls Marta , García Cano Ana , Jiménez Mendiguchia Lucía , Moreno Moreno Esther , Luque-Ramírez Manuel
Published: May 2018

Background:

Virilism is a female disorder in which secondary male sexual characteristics develop, caused by an excessive adrenal or ovarian androgen secretion.

Case presentation:

Here, we report an unusual case of an ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified (NOS), in a 68-year-old female who presented with androgenic alopecia, clitoromegaly and an increased muscle mass. Laboratory investigations revealed both ovarian and adrenal hyperandrogenism with an elevation of androgen precursors mimicking congenital adrenal hyperplasia. A left adnexal mass was confirmed by imaging techniques. A laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of an ovarian steroid cell tumor NOS. After surgical intervention, circulating androgen levels and their precursors returned to normal values in the postmenopausal woman.

Conclusions:

A detailed anamnesis and physical examination are key to the correct diagnosis in a woman with hyperandrogenism independent of her circulating androgen profile.