bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retinoic acid antagonizes estrogen signaling to maintain adult uterine cell fate
Authors: Yin Yan , Haller Meade , Goldinger Lauren , Bharadwaj Shivani , So Emily , Robles-Pinos Vivian , Chen David , Ma Liang
Published: January 2025

Classical tissue recombination experiments demonstrate that cell-fate determination along the anterior–posterior axis of the Müllerian duct occurs prior to postnatal day 7 in mice. However, little is known about how these cell types are maintained in adults. In this study, we provide genetic evidence that a balance between antagonistic retinoic acid (RA) and estrogen signaling activity is required to maintain simple columnar cell fate in adult uterine epithelium. Transdifferentiation of simple columnar uterine epithelium into stratified cervicovaginal-like epithelium was observed in three related mouse genetic models, in which RA signaling was perturbed in the postnatal uterus. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis identified the transformed epithelial cell populations and revealed extensive immune cell infiltration resulting from loss of RA signaling. Surprisingly, disruption of RA signaling led to dysregulated expression of a substantial number of estrogen target genes, suggesting that these two pathways may functionally oppose each other in determining and maintaining uterine epithelial cell fate. Consistent with this model, neonatal exposure to the strong synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol, downregulated expression of a group of RA target genes and led to epithelial stratification and immune cell infiltration in wild-type uterus. Treating RA receptor triple conditional knockout pups with fulvestrant, an estrogen antagonist, reestablished the balance between the two signaling pathways, and effectively prevented the transformation of mutant simple columnar epithelia to metaplastic stratified epithelia. These findings implicate an essential role for RA signaling in maintaining uterine cytodifferentiation by antagonizing estrogen signaling in the postnatal uterus.
Triethylamine-mediated protonation–deprotonation unlocks dual-drug self assembly to suppress breast cancer progression and metastasis
Authors: Lei Lei , Song Yujun , Yang Lianyi , Wang Yazhen , Xia Xue , Zhang Yiwei , Zhang Xiaoxian , Zhang Xuequan , Duggal Ishaan , He Bin , Peppas Nicholas A. , Cao Jun , Gao Huile
Published: January 2025

Carrier-free nanomedicines exhibited significant potential in elevating drug efficacy and safety for tumor management, yet their self assembly typically relied on chemical modifications of drugs or the incorporation of surfactants, thereby compromising the drug’s inherent pharmacological activity. To address this challenge, we proposed a triethylamine (TEA)-mediated protonation–deprotonation strategy that enabled the adjustable-proportion self assembly of dual drugs without chemical modification, achieving nearly 100% drug loading capacity. Molecular dynamic simulations, supported by experiment evidence, elucidated the underlying self-assembly mechanism. Specifically, TEA facilitated the deprotonation of Doxorubicin (Dox) and α-Tocopherol succinate (α-tos), causing Dox to transition from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic state, while simultaneously increasing the hydrophilicity of α-tos. This allowed for a fine-tuned balance between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the two compounds, enabling their precise self assembly into a carrier-free nanomedicine (DT) with a tailored drug ratio. The engineered DT demonstrated the ability to accumulate at the tumor sites and release its therapeutic drugs in a controlled manner. The combination of Dox and α-tos synergistically generated reactive oxygen species and modulated the expression of tumor matrix metalloproteinase-9, leading to superior antitumor efficacy without significant metastasis, while maintaining excellent safety profiles. Our findings provided unique perspectives on the design of carrier-free nanomedicine for cancer therapy, thereby laying a solid foundation for its potential clinical translation.
A systematic review of One Health perspective on the use of antimicrobials in Nigeria
Authors: Arama Umulkhairah Onyioiza , Oduoye Malik Olatunde , Akanbi-Hakeem Bolanle , Khan Misha , Wechuli Polyne , Aliyu Amina
Published: January 2025

Background and aim:
Nigeria, being the most populous country in Africa, faces a significant burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This article aims to highlight the need for all sectors in One Health, including human and animal health, to work together in reducing the misuse of antimicrobials in Nigeria.
Methodology:
Past and present articles were systematically searched on electronic databases such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and PubMed within 10 years (2013–2023). Rayyan software was used for screening the articles. After the first screening, 100 (n = 100) articles met our inclusion criteria, while 63 articles were excluded. A total of 37 articles that met the objectives of this study were finally used.
Results:
There is irrational use of antimicrobials in Nigeria. A high prevalence of AMR was found in Nigeria. Results of a national survey of public awareness of AMR in Nigeria showed that about one-third of the general public uses antibiotics without a prescription. Poor knowledge, attitude, and practice of One Health towards AMR were found in most parts of Nigeria.
Conclusion:
To avert the escalation of AMR to critical levels within Nigeria, the Nigerian government and the general public need to work together in the spirit of self-reliance and honesty to take prompt, decisive, and substantive actions towards AMR control in Nigeria.

One Health impact statement

Combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has always involved the need for a One Health approach. This article aims to highlight the need for all sectors in One Health, including human and animal health, to work together in reducing the misuse of antimicrobials in Nigeria. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), in 2017, launched a plan that utilizes a One Health approach in solving AMR. The plan included surveillance of antimicrobial use in One Health sector, scaling up vaccination in both humans and animals and improving the capacity of regulatory agencies across One Health sector (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC),
2017
). Though enforcement of these plans in Nigeria is still underway, Nigeria is still plagued with AMR as it received a score of 2.4 out of 5 in a recent evaluation (Abujah,
2023
). This review aims to reiterate the importance of a One Health approach and highlights the progress of AMR eradication in Nigeria.
Einstein–Klein–Gordon system via Cauchy-characteristic evolution: computation of memory and ringdown tail
Authors: Ma Sizheng , Nelli Kyle C , Moxon Jordan , Scheel Mark A , Deppe Nils , Kidder Lawrence E , Throwe William , Vu Nils L
Published: January 2025

Cauchy-characteristic evolution (CCE) is a powerful method for accurately extracting gravitational waves at future null infinity. In this work, we extend the previously implemented CCE system within the numerical relativity code SpECTRE by incorporating a scalar field. This allows the system to capture features of beyond-general-relativity theories. We derive scalar contributions to the equations of motion, Weyl scalar computations, Bianchi identities, and balance laws at future null infinity. Our algorithm, tested across various scenarios, accurately reveals memory effects induced by both scalar and tensor fields and captures Price’s power-law tail (

u

−
l
−
2

) in scalar fields at future null infinity, in contrast to the

t

−
2
l
−
3

tail at future timelike infinity.
Probing cosmic chemical enrichment with next-generation gravitational-wave observatories
Authors: Fishbach Maya
Published: January 2025

By observing binary black hole (BBH) mergers out to the edge of the Universe, next-generation (XG) ground-based gravitational-wave detectors like Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope will map the BBH merger rate across all of cosmic history. This merger rate traces the formation rate of their progenitor stars convolved with a delay time distribution. Given theoretically-motivated priors on the delay time distribution, we show how XG observations can measure the BBH progenitor formation rate, probing the star formation rate (SFR) up to z > 15. However, the progenitor formation rate does not directly give a measurement of the SFR, but rather a combination of the SFR and its metallicity distribution as a function of redshift. Fortunately, the metallicity-dependence of BBH formation likely varies as a function of BBH mass and/or formation channel. We find that if different BBH subpopulations with distinct metallicity biases can be identified, comparing their rates as a function of redshift yields a simultaneous measurement of the SFR and its metallicity distribution. Given optimistic theoretical priors and one year of observation, this may provide a

∼
10
%

measurement of the SFR at its peak and a 0.2 dex (0.7 dex) measurement of the median metallicity out to z = 10 (z = 15) at 90% credibility, although the uncertainties scale with theoretical uncertainties on BBH delay times and formation efficiencies.
Conductance oscillations in helicene-based junctions
Authors: García-Inglés Jorge , Roldán-Piñero C , Alejandro Moreno Ramos Diego , Uceda Rafael G , Cuerva Juan M , Leary Edmund , Miguel Delia , Zotti Linda A
Published: January 2025

We have carried out a theoretical study into electron transport through molecular junctions based on dithiolated helicenes of varying lengths. We found that, for certain specific structural conditions, in which the orientation and the pitch of the helical structures are kept constant, the transmission at the Fermi level exhibits oscillations as a function of the molecular length, which approximately follow an odd–even pattern. Dispersive interactions alter this trend, however, ensuing a rather different quasi-periodic oscillating pattern with a sawtooth profile.
Super-resolution crack image generation for fixed PTZ camera–based highway pavement crack recognition
Authors: Wang Huaiqiang , Shao Chunyan , Feng Xuezhi , Xia Zhiqiang
Published: January 2025

Among the various defects that inevitably occur on expressways, cracks are the most common and significant indicators of highway pavement damage. Timely and accurate crack recognition is urgently required for highway maintenance. Highway pavement crack recognition depends primarily on human visual inspection and expressway maintenance vehicles. These approaches are very time-consuming, labor-intensive, and difficult to implement in civil engineering. Cost-effective fixed pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) camera–based crack recognition was investigated in our previous work. However, for pavement cracks captured at long camera distances, the limited resolution of the PTZ vision generates low-resolution crack images. In addition, the cracks exhibit weak features, such that the crack pixels density and distribution are significantly affected by the background noise, making it challenging to recognize these cracks. Aiming to solve these problems, a high-order kernel-based modified bicubic interpolation is proposed to typically reveal and characterize discrete pixel variations, obtain high-quality super-resolution crack images, and improve the recognition performance of cracks. Extensive experiments with respect to the crack datasets captured by PTZ cameras on G4/highways in China are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed method. Two measurement parameters, namely Just Noticeable Blur (JNB) and Structural Similarity Index, confirm the high quality of the super-resolution crack images. Experimental comparisons demonstrate that super-resolution crack image-based crack recognition achieves out-performance, such that the mAP, precision (P), recall (R), and

F
1

-score are increased to

95.3
%
,
97.3
%
,
96.1
%

, and 97.4%, respectively. This method proves the feasibility of high-efficiency crack recognition using modified bicubic interpolation for fixed PTZ vision-based expressways maintenance engineering.
Patch-based dual-domain photon-counting CT data correction with residual-based WGAN-ViT
Authors: Morovati Bahareh , Li Mengzhou , Han Shuo , Zhou Li , Wang Dayang , Wang Ge , Yu Hengyong
Published: January 2025

Objective. x-ray photon-counting detectors have recently gained popularity due to their capabilities in energy discrimination power, noise suppression, and resolution refinement. The latest extremity photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) scanner leverages these advantages for tissue characterization, material decomposition, beam hardening correction, and metal artifact reduction. However, technical challenges such as charge splitting and pulse pileup can distort the energy spectrum and compromise image quality. Also, there is a clinical need to balance radiation dose and imaging speed for contrast-enhancement and other studies. This paper aims to address these challenges by developing a dual-domain correction approach to enhance PCCT reconstruction quality quantitatively and qualitatively. Approach. We propose a novel correction method that operates in both projection and image domains. In the projection domain, we employ a residual-based Wasserstein generative adversarial network to capture local and global features, suppressing pulse pileup, charge splitting, and data noise. This is facilitated with traditional filtering methods in the image domain to enhance signal-to-noise ratio while preserving texture across each energy channel. To address GPU memory constraints, our approach utilizes a patch-based volumetric refinement network. Main results. Our dual-domain correction approach demonstrates significant fidelity improvements across both projection and image domains. Experiments on simulated and real datasets reveal that the proposed model effectively suppresses noise and preserves intricate details, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods. Significance. This approach highlights the potential of dual-domain PCCT data correction to enhance image quality for clinical applications, showing promise for advancing PCCT image fidelity and applicability in preclinical/clinical environments.
Synergistic study of electromagnetic and mechanical properties of broadband star-shaped negative Poisson’s ratio wave-absorbing structures
Authors: Wang Yingming , Lei Zhenkun , Wang Xiaochen , Chen Zhaoliang , Lu Minghui , Bai Ruixiang , Yan Cheng
Published: January 2025

Multi-functional integrated sandwich composite structures have excellent wave-absorbing and energy-absorbing properties, and show great potential for application in a variety of fields, including civil, military, and aerospace. In this study, the optimal Latin hypercube sampling strategy is used to reveal the coupling mechanism between the electromagnetic and mechanical properties of three key design parameters (height, core tilt, and wall thickness) of the star-arrow negative Poisson’s ratio structure (SANPR) structure using absorbing and mechanical numerical modeling. The SANPR structure is based on an epoxy resin with a mixture of multiwall carbon nanotubes (CI) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as an electromagnetic wave absorber. The results show that due to the combined effect of structural effect, dielectric loss, and magnetic loss, the optimum balance between wave absorption and mechanical properties is achieved in the space of specific design dimensional parameters when the height is 12.05 mm, the core inclination is 30.13° and the wall thickness is chosen to be 2 mm. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) is −25.51 dB, the effective absorption bandwidth is 12.71 GHz (<−10 dB), the specific energy absorption is 33.39 J g−1, and the densification strain is 0.5. At the same time, the SANPR rotating configuration achieved a RLmin of −50.22 dB and a specific energy of 106.41 J g−1. This study can provide a reference for the design and development of new stealth devices.
Complex impedance measurement and saturation energy analysis of optical transition-edge sensors
Authors: Li Peizhan , Zhang Wen , Zhong Jiaqiang , Wang Zheng , Ma Qingxiao , Feng Zhifa , Miao Wei , Jin Junda , Ren Yuan , Li Jing , Shi Shengcai
Published: January 2025

Transition edge sensors (TESs) are highly sensitive thermal detectors that operate across a wide frequency range, from millimeter waves to gamma rays. For optical-single photon TES detectors, a high energy resolution and large saturation energy are required, primarily limited by factors such as heat capacitance and temperature sensitivity, α

I
. In this study, we evaluated TES devices of varying sizes by conducting complex impedance measurements using transfer function calibration, revealing that our titanium-based TES exhibits higher heat capacities compared to theoretical values. We obtained the measured and theoretical time constants, energy resolutions, and saturation energies for the different-sized TESs, notably constructing histograms from pulse area integral analysis. Our devices achieved an optimal energy resolution of 0.2 eV, with the largest TES demonstrating an energy resolution of 0.34 eV, a saturation energy of 35 eV and the ability to discriminate up to 20 photons at 438 nm. These results provide valuable insights for optimizing TES performance in precise photon detection.
Diverse spatiotemporal high harmonic generation
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Zhang Xiaomei , Zheng Xiaolong , Kong Fanqiu , Xing Jinlong , Liu Yuanyuan , Shen Baifei
Published: January 2025

A spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) has a transverse orbital angular momentum (TOAM) perpendicular to its direction of propagation. We propose the generation of intense spatiotemporal vortical high harmonics with tunable TOAM using two strong STOV beams that simultaneously interact with a solid thin foil from both sides. Theoretical predictions of harmonic order and topological charge were validated using particle-in-cell simulations. The results show that harmonics originate from the reflection and transmission of the two driving beams and that the ‘monochromaticity’ of the harmonics in the topological charge domain depends on the topological charges of the two driving beams.
Multi-parameter estimation of the state of two interfering photonic qubits
Authors: Maggio Luca , Triggiani Danilo , Facchi Paolo , Tamma Vincenzo
Published: January 2025

A two-photon interfering technique based on polarization-resolved measurements is presented for the simultaneous estimation with maximum quantum sensitivity of multiple parameters associated with the polarization state of two interfering photonic qubits. This estimation is achieved by exploiting a novel interferometric technique based on polarization-resolved two-photon interference. The experimental feasibility and accuracy of this technique is shown, even when a limited number of sampling measurements is employed. This work is relevant for the development of quantum technologies with photonic qubits and sheds light on the physics at the interface between multiphoton interference, boson sampling, multi-parameter quantum sensing, and quantum information processing.
ECA-FusionNet: a hybrid EEG-fNIRS signals network for MI classification
Authors: Qin Yuxin , Li Baojiang , Wang Wenlong , Shi Xingbin , Peng Cheng , Wang Xichao , Wang Haiyan
Published: January 2025

Objective. Among all BCI paradigms, motion imagery (MI) has gained favor among researchers because it allows users to control external devices by imagining movements rather than actually performing actions. This property holds important promise for clinical applications, especially in areas such as stroke rehabilitation. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals are two of the more popular neuroimaging techniques for obtaining MI signals from the brain. However, the performance of MI-based unimodal classification methods is low due to the limitations of EEG or fNIRS. Approach. In this paper, we propose a new multimodal fusion classification method capable of combining the potential complementary advantages of EEG and fNIRS. First, we propose a feature extraction network capable of extracting spatio-temporal features from EEG-based and fNIRS-based MI signals. Then, we successively fused the EEG and fNIRS at the feature-level and the decision-level to improve the adaptability and robustness of the model. Main results. We validate the performance of ECA-FusionNet on a publicly available EEG-fNIRS dataset. The results show that ECA-FusionNet outperforms unimodal classification methods, as well as existing fusion classification methods, in terms of classification accuracy for MI. Significance. ECA-FusionNet may provide a useful reference for the field of multimodal fusion classification.
Fast ion confinement in quasi-axisymmetric stellarator equilibria
Authors: Bonofiglo P.J. , Dudt D.W. , Swanson C.P.S.
Published: January 2025

This report presents an initial analysis of the fast ion confinement and losses within quasi-axisymmetric stellarator equilibria in consideration by Thea Energy. The equilibria have not yet been explicitly optimized for fast particle confinement and require validation. Modeling with the ASCOT5 code is used to directly examine the fast ion transport. The particle tracking simulations are purely (neo)classical in nature and simply contain the supplied equilibrium and collisions (pitch-angle, energy slowing, and velocity diffusion) from supplied thermal profiles. Uniform marker deposition is used to probe the general confinement properties of the equilibria while a realistic beam-born population is provided from the BEAMS3D code and an alpha particle population is calculated from a fusion source integrator. A first wall is included and defines the loss boundary. Analysis for NBI ions within Thea Energy’s conceptual Eos neutron source are presented along with alpha particles in an enlarged DT-plasma. The fast ions are assessed in regards to their confinement time, pitch, energy, and spatial coordinates. For each population, the impact of collisions and orbit drifts are discussed. It is found that NBI born ions in Eos are strongly confined until slowing-down, owing largely to the tangential injection geometry, while 22% of DT-born alpha energy is lost in the scaled device, indicating that any fusion pilot plant design optimization should include metrics for fast ion confinement.
Riverine microplastic discharge along the southern Black Sea coast of Türkiye
Authors: Terzi Yahya , Öztürk Rafet Çağrı , Eryaşar Ahmet Raif , Yandi İlhan , Şahin Ahmet , Yılmaz Fatih , Gedik Kenan , Gündoğdu Sedat
Published: January 2025

Rivers are critical pathways of microplastic (MP) pollution to marine environments, yet their contributions to the Black Sea remain understudied. This study evaluates the abundance and characteristics (polymer composition, shape, size, and color) of MPs discharged from 29 rivers flowing into the southern Black Sea. Using a plankton net with a 200 μm mesh size, samples were collected from river mouths, revealing an average MP abundance of 9.63 ± 1.27 MP m−3, ranging from 1.03 to 29.8 MP m−3. Eastern Black Sea rivers exhibited significantly higher MP levels (11.0 ± 1.57 MP m−3) compared to western rivers (5.15 ± 1.25 MP m−3). Annual MP discharge to the Black Sea was estimated at 1.49 × 1011 particles. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 59.3% ± 2.66%), polyethylene (PE, 20.8% ± 2.04%), and polypropylene (PP, 14.1% ± 2.36%) were the most common polymers, with PET and PE being significantly dominant. MP sizes ranged predominantly between 200–1000 μm, and fibers constituted the majority of shapes (64.1%), followed by fragments (28.3%). White (36.8% ± 1.93%) and transparent (30.9% ± 2.39%) MPs were the most prevalent colors. While no significant differences in MP characteristics were detected between basins (NMDS and ANOSIM), this study emphasizes rivers as major pathways for MP pollution in the Black Sea. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted mitigation strategies to safeguard marine ecosystems and biodiversity.
Collagen silver-doped hydroxyapatite scaffolds reinforced with 3D printed frameworks for infection prevention and enhanced repair of load-bearing bone defects
Authors: Genoud Katelyn J , Sadowska Joanna M , Power Rachael N , Costard Lara S , Ryan Emily J , Matherson Austyn R , Gonzalez-Vazquez Arlyng G , Lemoine Mark , Eichholz Kian , Pitacco Pierluca , Chen Gang , Cavanagh Brenton , Garcia Orquidea , Murphy Ciara M , Curtin Caroline M , Kelly Daniel J , O’Brien Fergal J
Published: January 2025

Osteomyelitis, a severe bone infection, is an extremely challenging complication in the repair of traumatic bone defects. Furthermore, the use of long-term high-dose antibiotics in standard treatment increases the risks of antibiotic resistance. Herein, an antibiotic-free, collagen silver-doped hydroxyapatite (coll-AgHA) scaffold reinforced with a 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL) framework was developed with enhanced mechanical properties to be used in the repair of load-bearing defects with antimicrobial properties as a preventative measure against osteomyelitis. The AgHA particles were fabricated in varying Ag doses and loaded within freeze-dried collagen scaffolds at two concentrations. The optimised Ag dose (1.5 mol% Ag) and AgHA concentration (200 wt%) within the collagen scaffold demonstrated in vitro osteogenic and antibacterial properties against S. aureus (S. aureus), the main causative pathogen of osteomyelitis. The addition of the PCL framework to the coll-AgHA scaffolds significantly enhanced the compressive modulus from 4 to 12 MPa while maintaining high porosity as well as both pro-osteogenic and antibacterial properties. The reinforced coll-AgHA scaffolds were implanted in vivo and demonstrated enhanced bone repair, significantly greater vessel formation, and calcified tissue in a load-bearing critical sized defect in rats. Taken together, these results confirm the capacity of this novel biomaterial scaffold as a preventative measure against infection in bone repair for use in load-bearing defects, without the use of antibiotics.
Integral imaging 3D display with enhanced depth range using slit mirror array and dual display systems
Authors: Kheibarihafshejani Sahar , Park Jae-Hyeung
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a method to extend the depth range of integral imaging systems by representing three-dimensional (3D) images in both virtual-real and real–real forms. The approach combines two integral imaging systems using a transmission-type retroreflector and a beam splitter (BS). The transmission-type retroreflector relays the integrated images from one display to form a real full-color 3D aerial images while preserving the resolution at extended depths. The BS combines the second integral imaging system across various depth ranges, providing additional real or virtual 3D images. The proposed method enhances the applicability of integral imaging systems in mixed-reality environments without requiring complex equipment.
Kinetics of austenite formation during continuous heating in as-cast and as-annealed conditions in a low carbon steel
Authors: Oliver-Reynoso Antonio , Vázquez-Gómez Octavio , Reyes-Calderón Francisco , Vergara-Hernández Héctor J , Herrejón-Escutia Martín , Dávila-Pérez Miguel I , López-Martínez Edgar
Published: January 2025

Dilatometric analysis was used to study the effect of the initial microstructure on the kinetics of austenite formation during continuous heating in low–carbon steel. Two initial microstructures were analyzed: 1) as–cast condition, composed of columnar grains of Widmastätten ferrite and pearlite, and 2) as–annealed condition, formed of equiaxed grains of ferrite and pearlite. For both initial conditions, it was observed that austenite formation occurs in two stages: the first stage involves the decomposition of pearlite into austenite, and the second stage involves the transformation of ferrite into austenite. In the as–cast condition, a delay in austenite formation was observed, and a decrease in the transformation extent was associated with a higher transformation rate. The apparent activation energies for each stage of austenite formation were calculated using the Kissinger method, with the peak temperature at the point of maximum transformation rate as the criterion. The calculated energies were too high to be associated with a diffusive transformation mechanism, especially under as–annealed condition, so an analytical kinetic model was proposed to evaluate the behavior of the kinetic parameters. Additionally, the phases formed during intercritical annealing were analyzed to evidence the austenite formation and possible segregation of alloying elements. The analysis shows that elemental variations are negligible, so the difference lies mainly in the morphology of the initial condition.
Deep learning for single-site solar irradiance forecasting using multi-station data*
Authors: Guatibonza Daniel , Narvaez Gabriel , Giraldo Luis Felipe
Published: January 2025

This study examines the integration of data from multiple stations for solar irradiance forecasting at a single site using advanced deep learning models, such as long-term memory (LSTM), deep modular attention (DeepMap), and graph convolutional networks (GC-LSTM). The research addresses an important gap: the statistical evaluation of the contribution of neighboring data to improving forecast accuracy in solar PV applications. Using a large dataset from 12 Colombian locations, representing diverse climatic conditions, we rigorously evaluate the ability of these models to take advantage of spatio-temporal information. The results reveal slight improvements in short-term forecasting, but these improvements are statistically insignificant, as validated by chi-square tests. The results highlight the need for more advanced methods to effectively exploit spatial data, which will guide the future development of solar irradiance prediction models.
Rapid vehicle electrification reduces carbon benefits but increases resource savings in circular automobile transitions
Authors: He Ziyan , Sun Xin , Nakajima Kenichi , Murakami Shinsuke , Hijioka Yasuaki , Fujii Minoru , Sun Lu
Published: January 2025

The automobile sector faces major challenges in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with the shift to electric mobility raising concerns about resource sustainability. Although circular economy (CE) strategies are suggested as complementary solutions, their long-term effectiveness is questioned due to rapid vehicle electrification. This study examines whether evolving energy scenarios affect the effectiveness and priority of CE strategies in Japan’s and China’s automobile sectors. Under moderate vehicle electrification scenario, CE strategies could reduce cumulative resource extraction by 2.4 Gt in Japan and 49 Gt in China, with GHG reductions of 0.28 Gt and 6.1 Gt, respectively, by 2050. Under more aggressive electric vehicle scenarios, resource savings rise to 3.1 Gt (Japan) and 52 Gt (China), although GHG reductions decrease to 0.21–0.25 Gt in Japan and 5.2–5.6 Gt in China, depending on the energy mix. Over 50% of remaining GHG emissions in Japan and China will be tied to vehicle manufacturing, especially lithium-ion battery (LIB) production. Reducing vehicle ownership remains the most impactful strategy, with vehicle downsizing and enhanced material recycling offering notable benefits, especially in China. Policy measures such as shared mobility services, subsidies for durable and fuel-efficient vehicles, and advanced LIB recycling systems are critical to addressing resource demands and environmental impacts. While the GHG mitigation potential of CE strategies may decrease as grids decarbonize, their role in conserving critical resources remains indispensable. These findings highlight the need for holistic, life-cycle approaches that integrate CE strategies with decarbonization policies to achieve net-zero goals. Lessons from Japan’s and China’s experiences provide actionable insights for other regions, emphasizing the enduring relevance of CE strategies in reducing resource consumption and mitigating environmental impacts in a rapidly electrifying automobile industry.
Emergent Voluntary Action for Gifted Children, 1963–1969
Authors: Crane Jennifer
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores how interest in the gifted child first emerged in Britain, building on the ecosystems and cultural understandings traced in Chapter One. Interest came first from disparate local experiments and then, more strongly, from the passionate campaigning of the National Association for Gifted Children. The chapter discusses early and localised educational experiments explicitly focused on the ‘gifted’ for the first time in Britain, notably the Brentwood Experiment in Essex, which started in 1963. It also reflects on the life of Margaret Branch and her work in establishing the National Association in 1966, showing how Branch drove broadsheet interest around her new organisation, and framed ideas of giftedness around equality. Finally, the chapter explores how members of the House of Lords became significant policy advocates for the National Association in the late 1960s. This chapter then shows that, in the 1960s, the gifted child was presented as a vulnerable individual, struggling in education and family life and in need of assistance. By the 1970s and 1980s, as subsequent chapters show, the gifted child was more consistently represented as a powerful elite of the future—able to solve a range of economic and diplomatic issues.
Revisiting Visual Criteria of the Ideal Neck in the Young Caucasian Female
Authors: Halani Sameer H , Chang Victor , Lee Michael R
Published: January 2025

Background

The aesthetically ideal neck was first described by Ellenbogen and colleagues in 1980. Since then, the visual and aesthetic goals of patients have evolved as new surgical techniques have been described.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to provide current objective data regarding the aesthetically ideal neck in a young Caucasian female and evaluate Ellenbogen's original criteria for a youthful neck in this specific population.

Methods

A survey was created and deployed using the Amazon MTurk platform. Respondents rated a panel of digitally altered female necks from most to least attractive.

Results

These results concur with Ellenbogen's findings and suggest new criteria for defining the ideal neck: (1) defined anterior two-thirds of the mandible; (2) presence of a subhyoid depression; (3) subtle thyroid cartilage bulge; (4) partial sternocleidomastoid muscle definition; (5) cervicomental angle of 100°.

Conclusions

Although the visual criteria proposed by Ellenbogen mostly hold true, surgeons should focus on communicating with patients to determine their specific anatomic surgical goals and implementing the appropriate operative intervention.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Diagnostic)
mmGEBLUP: an advanced genomic prediction scheme for genetic improvement of complex traits in crops through integrative analysis of major genes, polygenes, and genotype–environment interactions
Authors: Zhang Qi-Xin , Zhu Tianneng , Lin Feng , Fang Dunhuang , Chen Xuejun , Lou Xiangyang , Tong Zhijun , Xiao Bingguang , Xu Hai-Ming
Published: January 2025

Current genomic prediction (GP) models often fall short of fully capturing the genetic architecture of complex traits and providing practical breeding guidance, particularly under varying environments. Here, we propose the mmGEBLUP, an advanced GP scheme designed to tackle the current limitations in fully exploiting the genetic architecture of complex traits and to predict individual breeding value (BV) with multi-environment trial data. Our approach considers four genetic structural indicators to capture the genetic architectures stepwise across four models: the Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) model considers only main polygenic effects; the GEBLUP model includes both main and genotype-by-environment (GE) interaction polygenic effects; and the mmGBLUP and mmGEBLUP models further incorporate main and GE interaction effects of major genes. Through systematic simulations and applications to nine traits, three in rice and six in tobacco, we show stepwise increases in prediction accuracy from GBLUP to mmGEBLUP, providing evidence on the scale of heritability and polygenicity of traits. In practical terms, we predict four components of BV: major additive, minor additive, major interaction, and minor interaction. Interestingly, we discover that for traits like natural leaf number in tobacco, the major additive BVs for the top 20 individuals are substantially equal; it is the minor additive BV that causes the difference in the total BV. The relative size of major/minor additive BVs suggests performing either marker-assisted selection or genomic selection or both. Overall, mmGEBLUP is an advanced prediction scheme that enhances the understanding of genetic architectures and facilitate the genetic improvement of complex traits in crops under diverse environments.
De novo and inherited variants in DDX39B cause a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome
Authors: Booth Kevin T A , Jangam Sharayu V , Chui Martin M C , Treat Kayla , Graziani Lorenzo , Soldano Alessia , Ruan Yao , Wan-Hei Hui Jeffrey , White Kerry , Christensen Celanie K , Lynnes Ty , Yamamoto Shinya , Kanca Oguz , Tsang Mandy H Y , Lynch Sally A , Mullegama Sureni V , Batista Julia , Iancu Daniela , Joss Shelagh K , Wong Sandra Y Y , Mak Christopher C Y , Kwong Anna K Y , Bellen Hugo J , Conboy Erin , Sanges Remo , Leung Anskar Yu-Hung , Wangler Michael F , Chung Brian H Y , Vetrini Francesco
Published: January 2025

DDX39B is a conserved member of the DEAD-box family of ATP-dependent RNA helicases, critical in mRNA metabolism across eukaryotes. DDX39B is also a core component of the TRanscription-EXport (TREX) super protein complex, which recent studies have highlighted the important role of its subunits in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we describe six individuals from five families, four harboring de novo missense variants in DDX39B, and one with an inherited splicing variant, presenting with variable developmental delay, congenital hypotonia, epilepsy, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, dysmorphic features and microcephaly in three patients.

3D molecular modeling predicts these variants would alter protein structure. In vitro studies using overexpression of HA-tagged human DDX39B protein in 293FT cells revealed variants p.(Gly92Asp) and c.433-1G>T impaired interaction with DDX39B and other TREX complex members, while variants p.(Gly37Cys), p.(Ser44Arg), and p.(Arg123Gln) did not affect TREX complex assembly. Blood transcriptomics studies demonstrated significantly elevated aberrant splicing events in individuals carrying the p.(Gly37Cys), p.(Arg123Gln), and c.433-1G>T variant, compared to controls, suggesting a mRNA signature of disrupted mRNA splicing and export. To understand variant effects in vivo, we generated Drosophila transgenic DDX39B-reference and variant flies. Human reference DDX39B when overexpressed ubiquitously led to lethality but the patient variants did not, suggesting that the mutants are loss-of-function alleles. Zebrafish anti-sense morpholino knockdown of DDX39B led to reduced head size and body length consistent with the patient phenotypes, and these effects were mitigated by synthesized mRNA, indicating a loss-of-function effect of DDX39B.

Collectively, our human genetic data, coupled with in silico, in vitro, and in vivo data supports that DDX39B is a novel candidate gene in a potential group of disorders called TREX-complex-related neurodevelopmental syndrome.
Intestinal epithelial PTPN23 is essential for gut barrier integrity and prevention of fatal bacterial translocation
Authors: Sanchez Alvarez Rocio , Montalban-Arques Ana , Morsy Yasser , Gottier Claudia , Häfliger Janine , Atrott Kirstin , Bircher Anna , Katkeviciute Egle , Pöhlmann Doris , Linzmeier Luise , Determann Madita , Mamie Céline , Niechcial Anna , Schwarzfischer Marlene , Zeissig Sebastian , Lang Silvia , Scharl Michael , Spalinger Marianne
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 23 (PTPN23) regulates the internalization of growth factor receptors such as the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). Given the crucial function of such receptors in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), we assessed the involvement of PTPN23 in intestinal homeostasis and epithelial proliferation.

Methods

We generated mouse models with constitutive (PTPN23fl/flVilCre+/−) or inducible (PTPN23fl/flVilCreERT+/−) deletion of PTPN23 in IEC. To elucidate the functional consequences of PTPN23 deletion in IEC, we performed barrier function studies, flow cytometry, RNAseq, and in vivo experiments applying EGFR inhibition, antibiotic treatment, or co-housing approaches to further delineate the observed phenotype.

Results

Deletion of PTPN23 in IECs resulted in a severe early-onset phenotype in both models. Mice were characterized by elongated colon, epithelial hyperproliferation, splenomegaly, and diarrhea leading to the death of the mice within 3 weeks of PTNP23 deletion. Compromised gut barrier integrity resulted in enhanced bacterial translocation accompanied by reduced IgA transcytosis in PTPN23fl/flVilCreERT+/− compared to wild-type mice. Although EGFR surface expression was increased upon PTPN23-deletion, inhibition of EGFR signaling did not prevent disease. In contrast, and in accordance with defective bacterial handling, antibiotic treatment, but not co-housing, fully rescued the phenotype.

Conclusions

The absence of PTPN23 in IECs leads to lethal dysregulation of intestinal homeostasis, triggered by bacterial infiltration due to defects in the intestinal epithelial barrier and impaired IgA transcytosis. Thus, we identify PTPN23 as a novel key player in preserving intestinal epithelial homeostasis, ultimately preventing bacterial overgrowth and excessive immune activation in the intestine.
Clinical derivation and data simulated validation of rule-out and rule-in algorithms for the Siemens Atellica IM high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay
Authors: Restan Ingar Ziad , Steiro Ole-Thomas , Pickering John W , Tjora Hilde L , Langørgen Jørund , Omland Torbjørn , Collinson Paul , Bjørneklett Rune , Vikenes Kjell , Steinsvik Trude , Skadberg Øyvind , Mjelva Øistein R , Larsen Alf Inge , Bonarjee Vernon V S , Aakre Kristin M
Published: January 2025

Background

This prospective, two-centre study derived and validated predictive algorithms for the Siemens Atellica IM high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) assay in the emergency department (ED).

Methods

Algorithms for predicting 30-day myocardial infarction type 1 and 2 (MI) and death or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI, type 1 and 2) at index admission were developed from a derivation cohort of 1896 patients and validated using a synthetic dataset with nearly 1 million patient cases. Performance was compared to the European Society of Cardiology algorithms for hs-cTnT (Roche Diagnostics) and hs-cTnI (Abbott Diagnostics).

Results

An admission hs-cTnI concentration < 5 ng/L had a negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity for 30-day MI or death of 99.5 - 99.7 and 98.1- 98.8%, respectively, in the derivation cohort and validation dataset. The NPV and sensitivity was ≥99.7% and ≥98.8% for ruling out index NSTEMI. A 0-1-hour algorithm with baseline hs-cTnI concentration < 10 ng/L and Δ change < 3 ng/L had NPV of ≥99.5% and sensitivity ≥97.3% for predicting 30-day MI or death, and a ≥99.5% sensitivity and NPV for index NSTEMI. Rule-in algorithms of either 0-hour hs-cTnI ≥ 120 ng/L or 0-1 h Δ change ≥ 12 ng/L had positive predictive value (PPV) ≥ 73% and specificity >96% for 30-day MI or death and index NSTEMI. The results were comparable to established hs-cTn algorithms.

Conclusions

This study presents Siemens Atellica hs-cTnI algorithms for diagnosis and risk-prediction in the ED with performance comparable to established hs-cTnT (Roche) and hs-cTnI (Abbott) algorithms.
Impact of technical, patient and measurement variables on Serial HU-based quantitative coronary plaque analysis in CT: Time for a New Chapter
Authors: Calicchio Francesca , Epstein Elizabeth , Boussoussou Melinda , Vattay Borbála , van Rosendael Alexander , Newlander Shawn , Kolossváry Márton , Szilveszter Bálint , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Marques Hugo , McVeigh Elliot , Wesbey George
Published: January 2025

This review article explores the challenges and controversies involved in accurately identifying and reliably quantifying coronary plaque over time through coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), particularly focusing on lipid-rich, low-attenuation plaques. It highlights significant variability in lipid-rich plaque measurements across studies, questioning their reliability for tracking biological plaque transformation in clinical practice. To address this issue, the review article proposes suggestions for serial CCTA plaque measurements, aiming for realistic goals for reproducible and meaningful serial plaque coronary CT angiography imaging. It also emphasizes the necessity of standardized, validated methods for quantitative plaque analysis and underscores the potential of phantom-based calibration to improve the reliability and consistency of serial plaque measurements in clinical practice.
How Dark Trading Harms Financial Markets
Authors: Halim Edward , Riyanto Yohanes E , Roy Nilanjan , Wang Yan
Published: January 2025

We design an experiment to analyse the consequences of dark trading in a financial market. The channel through which dark trading affects market efficiency depends critically on how information regarding fundamentals is distributed among investors. When information is concentrated in the hands of a few investors, possibly due to sparse investor connectedness or low media coverage, dark trading primarily impacts market efficiency by deteriorating the quality of asset prices. When information is diffused, dark trading no longer harms price discovery, but the unobserved liquidity entails welfare loss. Dark trading does not widen the earnings gap between informed and uninformed traders.
More than meets the eye: predicting adrenocortical carcinoma outcomes with pathomics
Authors: Kong Jianqiu , Luo Mingli , Huang Yi , Lin Ying , Tan Kaiwen , Zou Yitong , Yong Juanjuan , Fu Sha , Zhang Shaoling , Fan Xinxiang , Lin Tianxin
Published: January 2025

Background

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with high recurrence rates and poor prognosis. Current prognostic models are inadequate, highlighting the need for innovative diagnostic tools. Pathomics, which utilizes computer algorithms to analyze whole-slide images, offers a promising approach to enhance prognostic models for ACC.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of 159 patients who underwent radical adrenalectomy between 2002 and 2019 was analyzed. Patients were divided into training (N = 111) and validation (N = 48) cohorts. Pathomics features were extracted using an unsupervised segmentation method. A pathomics signature (PSACC) was developed through LASSO-Cox regression, incorporating 5 specific pathomics features.

Results

The PSACC showed a strong correlation with ACC prognosis. In the training cohort, the hazard ratio was 3.380 (95% CI, 1.687-6.772, P < .001), and in the validation cohort, it was 3.904 (95% CI, 1.039-14.669, P < .001). A comprehensive nomogram integrating PSACC and M stage significantly outperformed the conventional clinicopathological model in prediction accuracy, with concordance indexes of 0.779 versus 0.668 in the training cohort (P = .002) and 0.752 versus 0.603 in the validation cohort (P = .003).

Conclusions

The development of a pathomics-based nomogram for ACC presents a superior prognostic tool, enhancing personalized clinical decision making. This study highlights the potential of pathomics in refining prognostic models for complex malignancies like ACC, with implications for improving prognosis prediction and guiding treatment strategies in clinical practice.