bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De l’enseignement français à l’étranger et de la francophonie, lequel est la vraie chance de l’autre ?
Authors: Deberre Jean-Christophe
Published: March 2024

Mars 2018, le président Macron prononce un vibrant discours sur la francophonie. Parmi tous les outils dont dispose la France pour la soutenir, les lycées de l’étranger, « colonne vertébrale » de la présence culturelle et linguistique française dans le monde sont appelés d’ici 2030 à doubler leur nombre d’élèves en s’appuyant sur des investisseurs privés. Cinq ans après, l’objectif semble hors d’atteinte. Assimilation hâtive entre un réseau d’enseignement national et ce qu’est la francophonie, mouvement international ? Confiance excessive dans le dynamisme de ce fleuron scolaire français confronté à une nouvelle époque ? Et si au contraire, c’était l’enseignement français hors de France qui avait besoin de la francophonie pour réévaluer ses chances dans un environnement mondial incertain ?
La superficialité de l’évocation analogique : par défaut ou à défaut ?
Authors: Raynal Lucas , Sander Emmanuel , Clément Évelyne
Published: March 2024

Si l’analogie est largement reconnue comme une composante centrale de la cognition humaine, la question des rôles respectifs des similitudes de surface et de structure dans l’accès en mémoire à une représentation analogue, appelé aussi évocation analogique, fait l’objet de vifs débats dans la littérature. Après avoir présenté une lecture critique des différentes théories de l’évocation analogique, cet article propose que l’influence sur l’encodage des connaissances préalables de l’individu soit un élément nécessaire à intégrer dans les théories et les modèles de l’évocation analogique. Il s’avère que l’encodage ne se fonde pas par défaut sur les similitudes de surface, mais plutôt à défaut de pouvoir encoder la structure, et que les similitudes de structure guident l’évocation analogique lorsqu’elles portent sur des connaissances familières.
Passerelles rythmiques
Authors: Schmidlin Thierry
Published: March 2024

L’article propose de retenir la possibilité des rythmes perceptibles comme repère sensible pour s’orienter en séance. L’auteur en évoquant son expérience de gestalt-thérapeute et de professeur d’enseignement artistique, tente une passerelle entre la gestalt-thérapie et le travail de présence dans les arts de la scène. Le rythme est décliné dans ce qu’il peut dévoiler de la situation, de la personne, du rapport au monde.
Le psychotherapéute, le patient, la mort
Authors: Delacroix Jean-Marie
Published: March 2024

L’auteur cherche à rendre hommage à un certain nombre de patients qui l’ont confronté à la mort. Il rapporte plusieurs situations ainsi que les réflexions, questions, incertitudes dans lesquelles elles l’ont plongé. Il évoque également sa propre mort possible suite à une opération grave qu’il doit subir, avec la question délicate : que dire au patient dans ce cas-là ? Il nomme quelques-unes des réactions de ses patients .
La conjugaison des temps et ses aléas confusionnels en périnatalité
Authors: Darchis Élisabeth
Published: March 2024

La période périnatale suscite un bouleversement psychique de la famille où le passé, le présent et le futur s’entremêlent. Quand des traumatismes ont affecté des générations en amont, il est possible qu’un passé non élaboré resurgisse à la naissance d’un enfant. Des organisations défensives délétères se transmettent sans transformation. Une confusion des temps peut s’installer, entre passé et présent, obturant le futur, plongeant la nouvelle famille dans de la désorganisation, faisant apparaître des symptômes. Les autrices proposent un éclairage théorique, puis des vignettes cliniques dont un accompagnement de thérapie familiale psychanalytique périnatale pour permettre à la nouvelle famille de se différencier et de construire un avenir détoxifié et « déconfusionné ». Le développement favorable de l’enfant et une parentalité plus harmonieuse peuvent en découler au bénéfice de tous.
Délires sous coronavirus : une solution subjective face à une atteinte des sensorialités
Authors: Cloës Claude
Published: March 2024

Depuis la pandémie de coronavirus, certains sujets présentent des manifestations délirantes alors qu’ils étaient dénués d’antécédents psychiatriques. Plus que toute autre catastrophe environnementale, il semble que cette crise sanitaire s’est révélée singulière dans ses effets sur la santé mentale en raison de son impact sur les sensorialités. Deux vignettes cliniques viennent illustrer comment les privations sensorielles ressenties ont pu avoir pour conséquence l’éclosion d’un délire, soulignant ainsi la sensibilité du sujet à l’environnement.
The gold
Authors: de Azambuja Miguel
Published: March 2024

À propos de The Gold. Le casse du siècle, série en 6 épisodes de Neil Forsyth (Paramount +, 2023).
L’exercice de la psychologie : se retrouver et échanger sur de nouvelles perspectives
Authors: Garcin Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

Si l’exercice de la psychologie repose sur une base commune en termes d’éthique professionnelle et de nomenclature, les psychologues utilisent néanmoins des outils différents selon leur orientation, mais aussi en réponse à une multiplicité de contextes cliniques. En organisant le forum « Psychologie : nouvelles perspectives » présenté ici par l’auteur, le Collège des psychologues de l’hôpital de Rouffach a donné l’occasion aux psychologues de se retrouver et d’échanger sur leurs pratiques et sur les nouvelles modalités d’exercice de la psychologie au regard des évolutions de notre société.
Prix Castex 2024 - Quel rôle pour le groupe aéronaval au 5 e âge du combat naval ?
Authors: du Manoir de Juaye Cyril , Clouet Clément
Published: March 2024

Le combat naval entre dans un cinquième âge où la guerre en réseau s’appuyant sur de nombreux effecteurs est devenue une réalité. Cela oblige à réfléchir aux nouvelles exigences imposées pour cette mutation. Le groupe aéronaval (GAN) constitue un atout majeur à condition de s’adapter pour obtenir cette capacité à agir dans tous les milieux.
S’arrêter pour mieux repartir : les enjeux du dernier arrêt technique du porte-avions Charles-de-Gaulle
Authors: de Brive Olivier
Published: March 2024

Après la période d’entretien intermédiaire qui avait débuté en mai dernier, le porte-avions a entamé sa remontée en puissance pour être pleinement opérationnel au printemps. Cet arrêt a permis de moderniser plusieurs installations et d’améliorer les espaces vie de l’équipage. Celui-ci a pleinement participé aux travaux et est désormais totalement concentré sur les prochaines opérations du PA CDG .
Les officiers de plume d’Amérique française face à la mer (1669-1765)
Authors: Mélisson Céline
Published: March 2024

Entre 1669 et 1765, des officiers de plume sont désignés par les Rois de France pour aller servir aux Amériques. Les missions étaient à risque, à commencer par la longue traversée de l’Atlantique où les risques étaient réels. Cependant, de telles affectations pouvaient signifier de nombreux avantages dont l’enrichissement ainsi qu’une reconnaissance par le Roi.
Rockall, un rocher de l’Atlantique Nord disputé entre Britanniques, Irlandais, Islandais et Danois
Authors: Marchon Olivier
Published: March 2024

Le rocher de Rockall dans l’Atlantique Nord est un récif inhabitable faisant à peine 5 m², mais il a fait l’objet de disputes quant à sa souveraineté. Propriété du Royaume-Uni, il a été revendiqué par le Danemark, l’Irlande et l’Islande, tous étant intéressés par les ressources halieutiques autour. Au point que le dossier est toujours ouvert.
Conflits dans le Caucase du Sud : l’héritage soviétique
Authors: Andrieu Pierre , Avdaliani Emil
Published: March 2024

Le Caucase du Sud est une véritable mosaïque d’États et de nationalités aux destins souvent contrariés. Cet héritage de l’URSS a entraîné une fragilité des nouveaux pays et des conflits entre eux, attisés par des rivalités anciennes. Avec la guerre en Ukraine, Moscou reste un acteur indispensable mais contesté. D’autres puissances regardent avec intérêt le Caucase.
Cinéma & Séries
Authors: Lempereur Johann
Published: March 2024

La série Cœurs noirs diffusée récemment sur France 2 met en avant les forces spéciales françaises dans une mission complexe se situant en Irak. Le réalisme du scénario et la qualité de la réalisation méritent d’être retenus, permettant ainsi de découvrir – dans un cadre de fiction – une réalité opérationnelle trop méconnue.
Extensive Endolaser During Vitrectomy for Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Is Associated With Epiretinal Membrane Formation
Authors: Cakir Bertan , Peacker Bryan L. , Zeng Rebecca , Tracy Jack H. , Feng Yilin , Miller John B.
Published: March 2024

Background and Objective:

Epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation, a common complication following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair, is associated with vision loss and metamorphopsias. Although laser retinopexy is generally associated with ERM formation, the correlation between the extent of laser treatment and ERM formation during PPV is not well established. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with ERM formation including extend of endolaser retinopexy after PPV for primary RRD.

Patients and Methods:

A retrospective, observational case series of 181 consecutive patients (185 eyes) who underwent PPV for primary RRD repair by a single surgeon was performed. Charts were reviewed by two independent reviewers, and de-identified data including patient characteristics and intraoperative findings such as number of laser spots placed were recorded.

Results:

Postoperative ERM formation occurred in 75 eyes (40.5%) of which 68 (90.6%) were Stage 1, two (2.6%) were Stage 2, three (4%) were Stage 3, and two (2.6%) were Stage 4. Only one patient required secondary PPV for visually significant ERM. Patients with ERM had significantly more laser spots compared with patients with no ERM, with a mean of 807 and 519 laser spots respectively (95% CI: 387.6 to −187.3;
P
< 0.0001). Univariable analysis identified ≥750 endolaser spots (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0, 95% CI: 2.0 to 8.4;
P
< 0.0001), ≥4 retinal tears (OR = 2.8, 95%: CI 1.4 to 6.4;
P
= 0.005), and female sex (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.7;
P
= 0.02) as significantly associated factors. After adjusting for potential confounding factors (ie, age, sex, macula status, lattice degeneration, length of symptoms, vitreous hemorrhage, number of endolaser spots, number of retinal tears) in multivariable logistic regression, ≥ 750 endolaser spots (OR = 2.4;
P
= 0.04) and female sex (OR = 2.4;
P
= 0.03) persisted as significant independent factors.

Conclusions:

Our study identified ≥ 750 laser spots and female sex as independent risk factors for ERM formation following PPV for RRD with an OR of 2.4 each. Although the incidence of ERM formation was generally high (40.5%), only one case required secondary PPV with ERM peeling, and visual outcomes were comparable between patients with and without ERM at final follow up. While endolaser photocoagulation is critical for successful RRD repair, consideration of the risk of ERM formation with extensive laser exposure is warranted.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:326–333.]
Research on reinforcement learning based on PPO algorithm for human-machine intervention in autonomous driving
Authors: Shi Gaosong , Zhao Qinghai , Wang Jirong , Dong Xin
Published: March 2024

Given the current limitations in intelligence and processing capabilities, machine learning systems are yet unable to fully tackle diverse scenarios, thereby restricting their potential to completely substitute for human roles in practical applications. Recognizing the robustness and adaptability demonstrated by human drivers in complex environments, autonomous driving training has incorporated driving intervention mechanisms. By integrating these interventions into Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithms, it becomes possible for drivers to intervene and rectify vehicles' irrational behaviors when necessary, during the training process, thereby significantly accelerating the enhancement of model performance. A human-centric experiential replay mechanism has been developed to increase the efficiency of utilizing driving intervention data. To evaluate the impact of driving intervention on the performance of intelligent agents, experiments were conducted across four distinct intervention frequencies within scenarios involving lane changes and navigation through congested roads. The results demonstrate that the bespoke intervention mechanism markedly improves the model's performance in the initial stages of training, enabling it to overcome local optima through timely driving interventions. Although an increase in intervention frequency typically results in improved model performance, an excessively high intervention rate can detrimentally affect the model's efficiency. To assess the practical applicability of the algorithm, a comprehensive testing scenario that includes lane changes, traffic signals, and congested road sections was devised. The performance of the trained model was evaluated under various traffic conditions. The outcomes reveal that the model can adapt to different traffic flows, successfully and safely navigate the testing segment, and maintain speeds close to the target. These findings highlight the model's robustness and its potential for real-world application, emphasizing the critical role of human intervention in enhancing the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems.
Spatial convergence characteristics of low carbon economy and economic growth quality: based on Guangdong urban data
Authors: Ye Xiangsong , Zhou Longju , Wang Zhiyong
Published: March 2024

As China's economy transitions from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development, the concept of low-carbon and green economic development has gained increasing popularity. Mastering the regional differences and changing patterns of low-carbon economy and economic growth quality is an important prerequisite for further promoting low-carbon economic development and improving the quality of economic growth. Taking the data of 21 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province from 2008 to 2019 as examples, we calculated the low-carbon economy and the quality index of economic growth, and analyzed the convergences between them through coefficient of variation analysis and a panel data convergence model with fixed effects. The results showed that: First, the convergence of low-carbon economy was better than the convergence of economic growth quality. Second, the low-carbon economy of Guangdong Province had σ convergence, and the imbalance between regions of low-carbon economy was alleviated, but the quality of economic growth of Guangdong Province did not have σ convergence. Third, there was absolute and conditional β convergence in the quality of low-carbon economy and economic growth in Guangdong Province. Fourth, the convergence rate of low-carbon economy in Guangdong Province showed "club difference"; the same was true of σ convergence, absolute β convergence, conditional β convergence, and dimensional convergence of economic growth quality in various regions of Guangdong Province. The exploration conducted in this article was conducive to better grasping the changing patterns of low-carbon economy and economic growth quality, enriching relevant research. The conclusions of this paper can provide decision-making basis for China to formulate urban and regional economic policies, achieve high-quality economic development, and "double carbon goal".
An equilibrium optimizer with deep recurrent neural networks enabled intrusion detection in secure cyber-physical systems
Authors: Laxmi Lydia E , Santhaiah Chukka , Altaf Ahmed Mohammed , Vijaya Kumar K. , Prasad Joshi Gyanendra , Cho Woong
Published: March 2024

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are characterized by their integration of physical processes with computational and communication components. These systems are utilized in various critical infrastructure sectors, including energy, healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing, making them attractive targets for cyberattacks. Intrusion detection system (IDS) has played a pivotal role in identifying and mitigating cyber threats in CPS environments. Intrusion detection in secure CPSs is a critical component of ensuring the integrity, availability, and safety of these systems. The deep learning (DL) algorithm is extremely applicable for detecting cyberattacks on IDS in CPS systems. As a core element of network security defense, cyberattacks can change and breach the security of network systems, and then an objective of IDS is to identify anomalous behaviors and act properly to defend the network from outside attacks. Deep learning (DL) and Machine learning (ML) algorithms are crucial for the present IDS. We introduced an Equilibrium Optimizer with a Deep Recurrent Neural Networks Enabled Intrusion Detection (EODRNN-ID) technique in the Secure CPS platform. The main objective of the EODRNN-ID method concentrates mostly on the detection and classification of intrusive actions from the platform of CPS. During the proposed EODRNN-ID method, a min-max normalization algorithm takes place to scale the input dataset. Besides, the EODRNN-ID method involves EO-based feature selection approach to choose the feature and lessen high dimensionality problem. For intrusion detection, the EODRNN-ID technique exploits the DRNN model. Finally, the hyperparameter related to the DRNN model can be tuned by the chimp optimization algorithm (COA). The simulation study of the EODRNN-ID methodology is verified on a benchmark data. Extensive results display the significant performance of the EODRNN-ID algorithm when compared to existing techniques.
Gravimetric inversion based on model exploration with growing source bodies (Growth) in diverse earth science disciplines
Authors: Vajda Peter , Bódi Jozef , Camacho Antonio G. , Fernández José , Pašteka Roman , Zahorec Pavol , Papčo Juraj
Published: March 2024

Gravimetry is a discipline of geophysics that deals with observation and interpretation of the earth gravity field. The acquired gravity data serve the study of the earth interior, be it the deep or the near surface one, by means of the inferred subsurface structural density distribution. The subsurface density structure is resolved by solving the gravimetric inverse problem. Diverse methods and approaches exist for solving this non-unique and ill-posed inverse problem. Here, we focused on those methods that do not pre-constrain the number or geometries of the density sources. We reviewed the historical development and the basic principles of the Growth inversion methodology, which belong to the methods based on the growth of the model density structure throughout an iterative exploration process. The process was based on testing and filling the cells of a subsurface domain partition with density contrasts through an iterative mixed weighted adjustment procedure. The procedure iteratively minimized the data misfit residuals jointly with minimizing the total anomalous mass of the model, which facilitated obtaining compact meaningful source bodies of the solution. The applicability of the Growth inversion approach in structural geophysical studies, in geodynamic studies, and in near surface gravimetric studies was reviewed and illustrated. This work also presented the first application of the Growth inversion tool to near surface microgravimetric data with the goal of seeking very shallow cavities in archeological prospection and environmental geophysics.
A locally conservative staggered least squares method on polygonal meshes
Authors: Zhao Lina , Park Eun-Jae
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we propose a novel staggered least squares method for elliptic equations on polygonal meshes. Our new method can be flexibly applied to rough grids and allows hanging nodes, which is of particular interest in practical applications. Moreover, it offers the advantage of not having to deal with inf-sup conditions and yielding positive definite discrete problems. Optimal a priori error estimates in energy norm are derived. In addition, a superconvergent estimates in energy norm are also developed by employing variational error expansion. The main difficulty involved here is to show the $ L^2 $ norm error estimates for the potential variable, where duality argument and the superconvergent estimates are the key ingredients. The single valued flux over the outer boundary of the dual partition enables us to construct a locally conservative flux. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical findings and the performance of the adaptive mesh refinement guided by the least squares functional estimator are also displayed.
Psychological and sexological assessment of patients with chronic prostatitis
Authors: Stamatiou Konstantinos , Magri Vittorio , Trinchieri Margherita , Trinchieri Alberto , Perletti Gianpaolo
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is characterized by a multiform clinical presentation requiring a differentiated treatment based on different phenotypes including the psychosocial and sexual domains. The aim of this study was assessing the complex correlations between somatic, psychological, and sexual symptoms of CP/CPPS patients. Materials and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on patients attending a Prostatitis Clinic. Patients were administered the following questionnaires: National Institutes of Health- Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), and Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). Results: Linear regression analyses show highly significant correlations between scores of the NIH-CPSI and the scores of the GAD-7, PHQ-9 and OHQ psychometric questionnaires. IPSS scores correlate significantly with the psychometric scores only when a non-parametric analysis is performed. IIEF and PEDT sexual function scores did not correlate with any of the psychometric tests. NIH-CPSI scores correlate positively with most of the TEMPS-A profiles but the hyperthymic profile correlated negatively with the total and QoL NIH-CPSI and with PEDT scores. Conclusions: Scores measuring anxiety, depression, and psychological well-being in patients with CP/CPPS are strictly correlated with prostatitis-like symptoms although they are poorly correlated with symptoms of prostatism, as measured by IPSS, and not correlated with scores of sexual dysfunctions, as measured by IIEF and PEDT. A hyperthymic temperament may increase resilience against the disease.
Working speed optimisation of the fully automated vegetable seedling transplanter
Authors: Paudel Bhola , Basak Jayanta Kumar , Jeon Seong Woo , Lee Gun Ho , Deb Nibas Chandra , Karki Sijan , Kim Hyeon Tae
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal operating speeds for a modified linkage cum hopper type planting unit that was used in low-speed automated vegetable transplanters. The transplanter utilizes a biodegradable seedling plug-tray feeding mechanism. The movement of the planter unit was simulated at different operating conditions using kinematic simulation software, and the resulting trajectories were compared based on factors such as plant spacing, soil intrusion area, soil intrusion perimeter, and horizontal displacement of the hopper in soil and found optimal result at 200, 250 and 300 mm/s and 40, 50 and 60 rpm combinations. The optimal operating speeds were then tested in a soil bin facility and found to perform well when transplanting pepper seedlings, with measured plant spacing that was close to the theoretical spacing. The planting depth in each case was not significantly different and the planting angle in different speed combinations was found to be significantly different, but within permissible limits. The mulch film damage was low for the selected optimised speed combinations. This study resulted in the determination of the optimal speeds for the transplanter, which can be used as a basis for optimising the other mechanisms within the transplanter.
Un’indagine sui sintomi prostatici e qualità di vita nella popolazione maschile con patologie concomitanti afferenti all’Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Alessandria
Authors: Francese Alessia , Di Stasio Andrea , Serao Armando , Di Matteo Roberta , Como Mariasilvia , Dacquino Mariateresa , Bolgeo Tatiana , Maconi Antonio
Published: March 2024

Background: l’iperplasia prostatica benigna è una condizione patologica caratterizzata da un aumento dimensionale della prostata che comporta sintomi delle basse vie urinarie (LUTS, Lower Urinary Tract Syntoms) che interferiscono sulla qualità di vita dei soggetti di sesso maschile. Materiali e Metodi: è stato utilizzato il questionario International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS), su pazienti con un’età maggiore di 30 anni che non abbiano avuto una patologia urologica o prostatica diagnosticata per indagare i sintomi da iperplasia prostatica benigna in pazienti con patologie concomitanti. Risultati: sono stati analizzati 102 questionari IPSS. Il 62.1% dei pazienti presentava una sintomatologia lieve, il 34% presentava una sintomatologia moderata e il 3.9% presentava una sintomatologia grave, in concordanza con un aumento dell’età. Tra i pazienti a cui è stato somministrato il questionario è risultata una percentuale maggiore (67%) di disturbi minzionali della fase di riempimento. Conclusioni: in accordo con la letteratura, il questionario IPSS può essere un modello di screening per identificare e trattare precocemente i sintomi delle basse vie urinarie. Come dimostrato dai nostri risultati i sintomi peggiorano con l’aumentare dell’età, quindi individuarli in una fase precoce può ridurre il rischio di complicanze e anticipare una visita con lo specialista di riferimento.
Chemical composition and mosquitocidal activity of methanolic leaf extracts from Ziziphus mauritiana L. against Aedes aegypti L. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say
Authors: Sumathi Ganesan , Pushpanathan Thambusamy , Abhirami Muthukumar
Published: March 2024

Background & objectives:

Mosquito vectors are a significant cause of pathogen transmission to both animals and humans. Mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting various diseases, including chikungunya, filariasis, West Nile fever, dengue, malaria, and Zika fever, placing approximately 80% of the world’s population at risk of infection at any given time. Controlling mosquitoes has become a multifaceted challenge, influenced by diverse environmental factors such as deforestation, urbanization, and climate change on a global scale. For centuries, medicinal plants have been utilized as bioinsecticides to control insect pests. Ziziphus mauritiana, also known as Chinese apple or Indian jujube is a deciduous thorny tree or shrub. Different parts of the Z. mauritiana plant have been traditionally used to treat various common diseases, a practice still prevalent in India and China.

Methods:

In the current investigation, the chemical properties of Z. mauritiana leaf extract were examined through UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), and GC-MS Analysis. Second and fourth instar larvae, as well as pupae, of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus were subjected to different concentrations of the methanolic extract of Z. mauritiana for 24 h and 48 h to assess larvicidal and pupicidal activity.

Results:

The FT-IR spectrum analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups in the chemical compounds extracted from Z. mauritiana, including amines, aromatics, alkanes, alkyls, carbonyls, and carboxylic acids. Additionally, GC-MS analysis identified Isoborneol (25.37%), 4-Acetylbutyric Acid (26.82%), and 2-Vinyl- 9-[Beta-D-Ribofuranosyl] Hypoxanthine (24.24%) as the three major phytoconstitutents in the methanol extracts of Z. mauritiana. Regarding the larvicidal activity, the methanolic extract of Z. mauritiana exhibited LC50 values of 155.67 mg/L and 208.57 mg/L for second instar larvae, and 177.68 mg/L and 252.13 mg/L for fourth instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti, respectively, after 24 h of exposure. For pupicidal activity, the LC50 values were 502.02 mg/L and 514.99 mg/L on pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti, respectively, within 24 h.

Interpretation & conclusion:

Overall, the GC-MS analysis provides valuable insights into the chemical composition of the Z. mauritiana extract, highlighting its potential as a natural and eco-friendly alternative for combating insect vectors and contributing to integrated mosquito management programs.
The crucial role of immunoblots in distinguishing Lyme disease from tick-borne relapsing fever
Authors: Haque Zahra Ali , Khan Muhammad Aqib Farooq , Shahzad Mahnoor
Published: March 2024

Lyme disease (LD) and tick-bome relapsing fever (TBRF), both consequences of Borrelia burgdorferi infection, pose significant public health threats with overlapping symptomatic presentations. A previous study explores the potential of line immunoblots (IBs) as a transformative diagnostic tool for distinguishing between LD and TBRF. By employing strategically designed recombinant proteins on nitrocellulose membrane strips, IBs offer enhanced accuracy in identifying antibodies in patient samples. While serological assays for LD have seen advancements, the diagnostic landscape for TBRF lags behind, necessitating comprehensive diagnostic approaches capable of addressing both conditions. Immunoblots, with their ability to detect antibodies with exceptional precision, not only facilitate accurate diagnosis but also enable tailored patient treatment and monitoring of treatment response. The study underscores the importance of immunoblots in improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes for tick- borne diseases. In conclusion, as research progresses in understanding LD and TBRF, immunoblots emerge not only as diagnostic tool but also as valuable resources for advancing research and refining patient treatment strategies.
Potential applications of the human amniotic membrane in endodontics: A case series of three different procedures
Authors: Johri Saumya , Verma Promila , Bains Rhythm
Published: March 2024

The human amniotic membrane (hAM) is the innermost placental membrane that protects and nourishes the growing fetus. While its use in various oral and maxillofacial procedures is abundant, application in endodontics is relatively new. The present case series describes the application of this therapeutic membrane in three different endodontic procedures – pulpotomy, revascularization, and root-end surgery. In case 1 (pulpotomy), the radicular pulp returned to its uninflamed state, and the patient became asymptomatic at follow-up. In case 2 (revascularization), the patient became asymptomatic; however, there was no increase in the root length and width even after 2 years of follow-up. In case 3, the osseous bone defect was healed entirely at the 6-month follow-up. The application of hAM in different endodontic treatment protocols seems appreciable. A potential limitation of its use has been described in this report. Further clinical trials are warranted to produce better evidence for the same.
Prevalence and morphology of middle mesial canal in mandibular first molars in an Indian sub-population: A cone-beam computed tomographic analysis
Authors: Bharatiya Rajendra P , Ujariya Urvashi M , Kothari Anjali K , Shah Viraj Yogesh , Naik Malhar Hemantbhai
Published: March 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to check for the prevalence and morphology of middle mesial (MM) canals in mandibular first molars in an Indian population divided as per the different zones of the country using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.

Methods:

A total of 452 CBCT scans were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria on December 2021. The scans were obtained from five different zones of the country with 80–100 scans selected from each zone. They were checked in an axial view to see for the presence of a MM canal (MMC) and if present, were confirmed in a coronal view.

Results:

Of the 452 scans viewed, 39 showed the presence of MMCs (8.6%). Bilateral presence was seen in 8 scans (1.8%). Hence, overall, 47 molars out of 904 examined showed the presence of MMCs. Thus, the tooth prevalence rate for the presence of MMC was 5.2%. Seventy percent of teeth presenting with MMCs showed two apical exits. Males showed more prevalence when compared to the female population (10.25% vs. 6.88%, P < 0.05). Furthermore, with increasing age, there was a consistent decrease in the incidence of MMCs (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Overall, the prevalence of MMCs in an Indian sub-population is 8.6%. Although on a lower range compared to other population, careful exploration is necessary to avoid missing the MMC which might lead to failure of treatment. Age and gender are also found as the important factors that influence the presence of a MMC.
A rare case of maxillary third molar with four roots and five root canals and its endodontic management with the help of cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Shah Ruchi , Shah Palak P. , Shah Nimisha Chinmay , Kapadia Krupa Himanshu , Dedania Meetkumar S.
Published: March 2024

Maxillary third molars (M3) have unpredictable pulp morphology. They usually have one to three roots; any additional is called an accessory root. Various in vitro and in vivo studies examined its root canal morphology but none of the case reports has been published regarding the successful endodontic treatment of M3 with four roots and five canals. Herein, a case of a 42-year-old male with a complaint of severe pain in M3 is presented. Endodontic treatment was carried out and four canals were negotiated and cleaned. To decipher, the pulp canal complex anatomy cone-beam computed tomography was advised and the presence of the fifth canal (MB2) was confirmed, negotiated, cleaned, and obturated. This report is by far the first case of endodontic treatment of M3 to be reported in the Indian population with four roots and five canals.
Comparative evaluation of the auxiliary effect of different herbs to enhance the antibacterial efficacy of calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm – An in vitro study
Authors: Hiremath Hemalatha , Verma Devansh , Solanki Aishwarya Singh , Patidar Sonam
Published: March 2024

Aim:

The increase in potential side effects and safety concerns of conventional medicaments has led to the recent popularity of herbal alternative medications. The herbal products are known for their high antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The present study was designed to compare the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide (CH) in combination with various herbs as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.

Methods:

Forty extracted single-rooted maxillary teeth were decoronated and sectioned into two halves. They were later infected with E. faecalis to form a biofilm for 21 days. Subsequently, the root samples were divided into a control group and three experimental groups – the control group was treated with CH powder mixed with distilled water and the experimental Group 1 was treated with CH powder and aloe vera gel placed over PerioCol-guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane; Group 2 was treated with CH powder mixed with coronil, and incorporated with aloe vera gel; and Group 3 was treated with CH powder mixed with Ajmodadi Churna incorporated with aloe vera gel. At the end of 7 and 14 days, the antimicrobial efficacy of medicaments against E. faecalis biofilm was assessed at the depths of 200–400 μm. Kruskal–Wallis test and post hoc analysis – Mann–Whitney test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Ajmodadi Churna was most effective followed by coronil and CH placed over the PerioCol GTR membrane.

Conclusion:

Ajmodadi Churna exhibited superior results. Coronil displayed good efficacy against E. faecalis in long-term use and thus could be used as an effective intracanal medicament. Among the Ayurvedic preparations, both hold a promising future but to implement their use as sole intracanal medicaments clinically, further in vivo and long-term studies are warranted.
Effect of different irrigation activation systems using continuous chelating irrigation protocol on the removal of smear layer in the apical third of root canals: An in vitro scanning electron microscope study
Authors: D’Souza Nikitha , Santhosh Ashwini , Kumari Anitha , Murthy Chethana S , Gowda Vikram , Mallandur Sudhanva
Published: March 2024

Aim:

Continuous chelation is a novel irrigation regimen popular as a single solution for irrigation of the root canal system during root canal therapy, especially for the removal of the smear layer. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of three different irrigation activation systems in removing the smear layer from the apical third in single-rooted mandibular premolars using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Methods:

Fifty-six extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated, and canals prepared till #30/0.09, with Chloroquick (3% NaOCl + 9% HEBP) as the working solution. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups based on the final irrigant activation protocol; Group A - (control group) conventional syringe irrigation with a 30-gauge single-side vented needle. Group B - (passive ultrasonic irrigation method) passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with #20-Irrisafe ultrasonic files activated for 1 min. Group C - (sonic activation) EndoActivator system using the yellow tip (#20/0.04) activated for 1 min. Group D - Tornado Disinfection Kit using GF-brush for 20–30 s as per manufacturer’s instructions. The canals were dried, samples were hemi-sectioned, and the amount of remaining smear layer was scored according to the Tabrizizadeh criteria (2015) with SEM images at ×2500 by two blinded operators. The collected data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test (P < 0.05).

Results:

The results showed statistically significant differences in terms of smear removal among the groups (P < 0.05) with the Gentlefile group performing better, followed by PUI, EndoActivator, and the conventional group.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of the study, continuous chelation with Gentlefile activation could be a viable and efficient protocol for the removal of the smear layer from the apical third of root canals.
Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of green tea extract and Triphala as root canal irrigants against Fusobacterium nucleatum using real-time polymerase chain reaction – An in vitro study
Authors: Chandran Keerthana , Sridhar Dinesh , John Bindu Meera , Jayakumar Srilekha , Arumugam Karthikeyan , Ponnusamy Prashanth
Published: March 2024

Aim:

Fusobacterium nucleatum has gained attention in the endodontic literature as it is a predominant microorganism in primary, secondary, and persistent root canal infections. Current irrigants have lot of drawbacks and are unlikely to predictably achieve a bacteria-free root canal system, which can lead to these failures. Herbal alternatives are now gaining popularity in the field of endodontics, paving a new way in the disinfection of root canals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of green tea extract and Triphala as root canal irrigants against F. nucleatum using real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Methods:

Extracted teeth were taken and inoculated with F. nucleatum, which was grown in a Mueller–Hinton agar plate under anaerobic conditions. The samples were cleaned and shaped and irrigated with green tea extract, Triphala extract, and dimethyl sulfoxide, which were compared to the widely used irrigant, sodium hypochlorite. Cycle threshold value was used to calculate the efficacy of the irrigant against F. nucleatum after which the samples were subjected to reverse transcriptase PCR. The data were analyzed and the data between the group were compared using the one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey’s test.

Results:

Triphala extract demonstrated high antimicrobial activity against F. nucleatum1. It revealed statistically significant differences between Triphala extract and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) (P = 0.001). Green tea extract also displayed antimicrobial activity. Both the Triphala and green tea extracts showed a significant difference (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Triphala extract showed better antibacterial efficacy when compared to 3% NaOCl and green tea extract against F. nucleatum.
Iron Supplementation May Improve the Patient’s Level of Satisfaction in Not-Low-Ferritin Telogen Effluvium: A Real-Life Observational Study
Authors: Soutou Boutros , Rahme Serena , Bizdikian Aren Joe , Skaff Stéphanie , Helou Josiane , Tomb Roland
Published: March 2024

Background:

Telogen effluvium (TE) is the most common cause of alopecia in women. Treatment should address the etiological factors and may include adjuvant therapies. In practice, physicians may employ modified approaches and utilize various combinations of topical and oral molecules.

Aims:

In this real-life observational study, the aim was to evaluate the response of TE to iron supplementation.

Materials and Methods:

The population consisted of all patients who sought consultation for TE at our dermatology department between March 2021 and February 2022. Eligible participants were women, aged between 18 and 65, having a clinical diagnosis of TE, and intended for treatment with iron supplementation. Exclusion criteria comprised current pregnancy, chronic or active inflammatory disease, newly discovered dysthyroidism, concurrent use of hair supplements, topical minoxidil, or any other medications. The response was assessed based on the patient’s level of satisfaction, a significant indicator, given the substantial psychological impact of TE on women’s daily lives.

Results:

The analysis included 200 women. The average age was 32.9 ± 11.4 years. A recent history of COVID-19 or treated dysthyroidism was present in 18.5% and 8% of patients, respectively, but did not impact their response. Significantly, patients with baseline ferritin ≥50 ng/ml were mostly “very satisfied”, those with baseline ferritin <50 ng/ml were mostly “not satisfied”, and those with unknown levels were mostly “partially satisfied” with iron supplementation. A high dose of elemental iron and a prolonged duration of treatment significantly improved the patients’ level of satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Iron supplementation can improve the patient’s level of satisfaction in TE even if serum ferritin is not low.
Morphological Index as a Sensitive Marker of Drug Resistance in Leprosy: A Case Series
Authors: Chhabra Namrata , Kumar Tamil S. , Singh Itu , Ganguly Satyaki
Published: March 2024

Resistance to antileprosy drugs is one of the main contributors for the persistence of leprosy in the present era. In the absence of universal antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance through the national program, the indications for resistance testing remain a important dilemma to clinicians. WHO recommendations mainly focus on clinical relapse, which could be picked up late with continued transmission and repeated leprosy reactions in the patient. We report here a series of eighteen leprosy cases who were tested for AMR in view of the positive morphological index after completion of multidrug therapy, chronic Erythema nodosum leprosum, and clinical relapse.
A Study of Nodular Glomerulopathy – A Single-center Experience and Review
Authors: Sivagnanam Harish , Kumar P. K. Senthil , Velu Kannan Bhaba , Anand S. Murugesh , Ammayappan Shiva Kumar , Vishwanathan Ramasubramanian , Palaniselvam Shankar
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Mesangial expansion is a histopathological manifestation characterized by abnormal proliferation of mesangial cells and accumulation of matrix proteins within the central region of the glomerulus. While diabetes is a well-known cause of mesangial expansion, several rare diseases can also present with this pathology. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of lesions exhibiting mesangial expansion in a tertiary care center in Tirunelveli, India, and elucidate the spectrum of disorders contributing to mesangial expansion lesions in renal biopsies.

Methodology:

A retrospective analysis of renal biopsies conducted at Tirunelveli Medical College and Hospital from 2016 to 2022 was performed. Kidney tissue samples were subjected to light microscopy and immunofluorescence studies using appropriate stains. Patients with isolated mesangial expansion were identified. Demographic details, clinical indications for biopsy, and pathological findings were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

Out of 616 kidney biopsies, mesangial expansion was present in 39 patients (6.33%). Notably, nodular mesangial expansion was observed in 33 patients (5.3%), with diabetes being the most prevalent associated condition (74.19%). Amyloidosis, heavy chain deposition disease, fibrillary glomerulonephritis, collagen fibrotic glomerulopathy, and idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis were identified as other contributors to mesangial expansion. Glomerular filtration rate and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy were worse in the diabetic population.

Conclusions:

This study sheds light on the varied etiologies contributing to mesangial expansion beyond diabetes, emphasizing the importance of specialized staining methods for precise diagnosis.
A Case of Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis – When You Least Expect It
Authors: Gohil Parixit Kiritkumar , Khan Mohammed Fahad , Babu Kishore , Vankalakunti Mahesha , Ballal Sudarshan
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Malignancies can be associated with a wide range of glomerular diseases, with each malignancy having a predilection for a particular glomerular disease. Fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN) is usually associated with paraproteinemia and commonly presents as nephrotic range proteinuria with or without the full-blown nephrotic syndrome. Here, we report the case of a young male with left flank pain, found to have left adrenal adenoma, incidentally detected to have microscopic hematuria and nonnephrotic proteinuria whose renal biopsy done during adrenalectomy showed FGN. Indeed, this case demonstrates an unexpected diagnosis with an unusual presentation in the background of an uncommon malignancy. Although difficult to establish causation, it can be considered a unique case of adrenal adenoma-associated FGN.
Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease-2019 Patients Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Chauhan Ashish , Singh Ram , Sharma Dheeraj , Sandal Rajeev , Verma Balbir , Chauhan Naresh , Vikrant Sanjay , Gupta Samriti , Kumar Asheesh
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection who have underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) or experience acute kidney injury (AKI) are at an increased risk of severe disease and mortality.

Materials and Methods:

This single-center retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center offering hemodialysis (HD) facilities to COVID-19-positive patients. We included COVID-19-positive patients aged >18 years who received HD during their hospital stay. Patients were classified as CKD-5D, acute on CKD, and AKI stage-3 (AKI-3D).

Results:

Severe disease was seen in ~60% of patients, with a higher overall mortality (46.15%). However, there was no significant difference in mortality between CKD-5D (n = 70), acute on CKD (n = 32), and AKI-3D (n = 15) groups (42.9% vs. 53.1% vs. 46.7%, P = 0.627). Advanced age, diabetic status, severe disease, and raised inflammatory markers were predictors of mortality.

Conclusion:

Among patients with COVID-19, severe renal disease requiring dialysis is associated with high mortality. We did not see any significant difference in mortality in either AKI or CKD subgroups.