bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of atmospheric optical turbulence model— methods and progress
Authors: Wu Xiao-Qing , Yang Qi-Ke , Huang Hong-Hua , Qing Chun , Hu Xiao-Dan , Wang Ying-Jian ,   Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,   Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China,   Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: December 2022

Stratification is a significant characteristic of atmospheric turbulence, especially high-altitude turbulence. At a fixed height, the real optical turbulence value fluctuates by 1–2 orders of magnitude or even greater on the average value. The turbulence profile model based on the observed data is a statistical average result. It can neither represent the stratification characteristics of an actual atmospheric turbulence profile nor have the prediction function, and can not fully meet the demand of optical engineering. Owing to the limitation of the capacity and speed of the computer, it is impossible to solve the Navier Stokes equation through direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large eddy simulation (LES) to predict the optical turbulence. The solution is to predict the conventional gas parameters through the mesoscale weather numerical prediction model MM5/ WRF, and then calculate the turbulence parameters through the turbulence parameterization scheme. In this paper, the prediction methods and research results of \begin{document}$ C_n^2 $\end{document} in surface layer,boundary layer and free atmosphere layer are introduced. Tatarski formula is derived in detail from the turbulence kinetic energy prediction equation and the temperature fluctuation variance prediction equation, and the physical meaning and applicable conditions of the formula are summarized. The latest research progress of neural network prediction and Antarctic astronomical site selection is mainly introduced. The characteristics and differences among different models, such as the empirical model fitted with experimental data, the parameter model with conventional meteorological parameters based on Kolmogorov turbulence theory, the prediction model related to mesoscale meteorological model, and the neural network method based on data driving and so on, are analyzed. It is emphasized that Kolmogorov turbulence theory is the theoretical basis of the existing atmospheric optical turbulence parameter models.
ADJUNTOS, ASPECTO LÉXICO Y SIGNIFICADO VERBAL: UN ANÁLISIS SUB-LÉXICO
Authors: De Miguel Elena
Published: December 2022

Este trabajo investiga cómo y por qué el contenido léxico de los adjuntos contribuye a especificar la información aspectual de los verbos (y también otros significados no aspectuales), y qué consecuencias tiene esa especificación a efectos de una teoría general sobre la construcción del significado de la predicación.

La hipótesis defiende que los adjuntos se predican de fragmentos del contenido, no solo aspectual, de los predicados a los que se añaden. Los mecanismos de concordancia de rasgos sub-léxicos legitiman las combinaciones en las que el predicado satisface las restricciones de selección del adjunto, descartan las combinaciones no concordantes o rescatan una combinación no concordante por medio de una operación de coacción, en la que el adjunto despliega en el predicado el significado requerido, si las palabras que lo conforman lo contienen potencialmente en su definición.

El adjunto focaliza o visualiza contenidos sub-léxicos del predicado verbal, lo que explica que su presencia desambigüe la polisemia aspectual de ciertas combinaciones de verbo y complemento. Asimismo, su intervención es decisiva para la legitimación de predicaciones redundantes y, por tanto, informativamente no relevantes.

Esta concepción del adjunto como predicado de contenidos sub-léxicos del predicado con el que coaparece permite sortear los problemas tradicionalmente asociados a su naturaleza de constituyente no seleccionado cuya aparición, en cambio, no siempre es opcional ni irrestricta, ni es indiferente a efectos aspectuales: la propuesta tiene, además, interesantes consecuencias para el análisis de un conjunto de fenómenos para los que la sintaxis no parece tener explicación.
The Relationship between the Digital Literacy Levels of Turkish Language Teacher Candidates and Their Attitudes Towards Digital Writing
Authors: Şengül Murat , Demirel Ahmet
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the levels of digital literacy among Turkish teacher candidates as well as their attitudes about digital writing, and to investigate the relationship between these variables. The survey model is used in this study using a quantitative research approach. The sample of the research consists of 556 Turkish language teacher candidates studying at 18 different public universities in Turkey in the fall of the 2021-2022 academic years. In this study, personal information form, Digital Literacy Scale, and Attitude Scale for Digital Writing (DWS) are employed as data collection tools. The data are analyzed using correlation and regression analysis test. The research findings show that the digital literacy levels of Turkish language teacher candidates and their attitudes towards digital writing are moderate. These findings disclose a necessity to improve both the digital literacy of Turkish teacher candidates and their attitudes towards digital writing. Additionally, the results generally reveal a favorable and significant correlation between the participants’ attitudes regarding digital writing and their degrees of digital literacy. The findings of the present study are examined in the light of the literature, and different recommendations are developed.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 11 January 1886.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 10 January 1887.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 11 February 1889.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Front matter for Volume 23

Table of contents 

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1888-9

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1889

List of Honorary members November 1888 (this is likely a mis-print of 1889)

List of the Lady Associates November 1888 (this is likely a mis-print of 1889)
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Front matter for Volume 24

Table of contents 

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1889-90

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1890

List of Honorary members November 1890

List of the Lady Associates November 1890
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

At the anniversary meeting new Fellows were elected and a list of Fellows who died during the previous session was read.

 

Meeting notes for 14 December, 1891 are appended.
Medicaid, the Supreme Court, and Safe Care for Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Huberfeld Nicole
Published: December 2022

This Viewpoint details the risk to Medicaid beneficiaries if the Supreme Court supports a decision that will allow states to deny benefits to eligible recipients and deny beneficiaries’ ability to hold states accountable in federal court.
Influence of Heat Treatments on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Two Fine Mg–Li–Y Alloy Wires for Bioresorbable Applications
Authors: MacLeod Kenneth , Nash David H. , Bow David R. , Ma Le
Published: December 2022

Two Mg–4Li–xY (x = 0.5 and 2.0 wt%) alloy wires are investigated for application in bioresorbable medical devices that experience high levels of plastic deformation. The two wires are supplied cold drawn to a diameter of 125 μm, and a series of thermal treatments are applied to maximize ductility. The ductility of the alloys is maximized soon after complete recrystallization. Prolonged annealing causes grain coarsening in the Mg–4Li–0.5Y alloy and precipitation of a Mg24Y5 phase in both alloys. Both wires are shown to achieve ≈20% elongation to failure in tension and survive high idealized bending strains (>40%). When heat treated for optimum mechanical properties for the intended application, the Mg–4Li–0.5Y alloy develops an intense transverse basal texture; however, this is shown to weaken with increased Y content in the Mg–4Li–2Y alloy wire. The increased Y content also prevents grain coarsening, indicating that the increased Y content restricts grain boundary mobility during annealing. Both alloys have relatively high ductility, meaning both are identified as promising new materials for application in bioresorbable medical devices that require to achieve and support high levels of plastic deformation during their life cycle.
Durable Nanofluids‐Infused Hierarchical Surfaces with High Corrosion and Abrasion Resistance
Authors: Wang Shuqiang , Wang Shuxia , Xue Yanpeng , Xue Yanyan , Liu Quanyou , Cao Lili , Nie Mengyan , Jin Ying
Published: December 2022

The design of robust and durable ultra‐lubricated surfaces having an efficient corrosion resistance ability is concerned with practical applications. Here a new optimized strategy to significantly improve the performance of ultra‐lubricated surfaces by injecting slippery nanofluids into the hierarchical surfaces (SNHSs) is proposed. Herein, cobalt–nickel hierarchical surfaces reinforced by micro SiO2 particles are achieved on carbon steel substrate by electrochemical deposition and the functionalized nanofluids are injected into the hierarchical structure. Compared with nanostructured ultra‐lubricated surfaces, SNHSs exhibit better lubricity and corrosion resistance when subjected to water flow shear for more than 20 h. The tribo‐electrochemical tests are introduced to demonstrate that the SNHS has a lower coefficient of friction (0.39), more shallow wear marks (5 μm), and more complete surface morphology by directly comparing the wear resistance and self‐healing ability. The hierarchical substrate has more advantages than the nanostructured substrate in the practical application of ultra‐lubricated surface. Furthermore, the SNHS with robust mechanical durability can be a promising alternative technique for corrosion protection.
Recent Advances in Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels and Derivatives as Promising Materials for Biomedical and Engineering Emerging Applications
Authors: Lanzalaco Sonia , Mingot Júlia , Torras Juan , Alemán Carlos , Armelin Elaine
Published: December 2022

Temperature‐sensitive (thermosensitive) hydrogels, which are part of the family of stimulus‐sensitive hydrogels, consist of water‐filled polymer networks that display a temperature‐dependent degree of swelling. Thermosensitive hydrogels, which can undergo phase transition or swell/de‐swell as temperature changes, have great potential in various technological and biomedical purposes for a number of reasons: their temperature response is reversible, hydrogels are stable and easy to prepare, they can be biocompatible and also be suitably combined with other organic and inorganic materials, resulting in new materials with outstanding properties. Among thermosensitive hydrogels poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is the most extensively studied because it brings together the best properties of these materials. Consequently, in the past few years, a wide number of applications and new chemical processes to prepare PNIPAAm and their derivatives are being proposed. The objective of this review is to summarize the fundamentals of thermosensitive hydrogels and recent advances in preparation and both technological and biomedical applications of thermosensitive hydrogel, with a special focus on PNIPAAm and their derivatives. Special attention has been given to the discussion of challenges and future research perspectives based on new horizons not yet considered.
Catfish Effect Induced by Anion Sequential Doping for Microwave Absorption
Authors: Tao Jiaqi , Xu Linling , Pei Changbao , Gu Yansong , He Yanru , Zhang Xianfei , Tao Xuewei , Zhou Jintang , Yao Zhengjun , Tao Shifei , Wu Hongjing
Published: December 2022

Heteroatom doping engineering is desirable in tuning crystal structures and electrical properties, which is considered an opportunity to further develop microwave absorption materials. However, the competition mechanism and priority among doped atoms have not been revealed, which are insufficient to guide the most reasonable dielectric coupling model and design high‐performance absorbers. In this work, based on in situ N and O, ex situ S is introduced through external thermal driving, leading to fierce competition among anions. Specifically, S atoms replace pyrrole N, drive out lattice O, and create O vacancies, bringing more extensive local charge redistribution and stronger electron interaction, thus activating the defect‐induced polarization (3–6 times higher than conduction loss) in the middle/high‐frequency region. Therefore, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 9.03 GHz and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −64.05 dB at a filling rate of 10 wt.% are obtained, which improves the record of carbon absorbers as reported. Through macro‐designs, i.e., multi‐layer gradient metamaterial, or utilizing other advantages, e.g., cost‐effective, stable chemical properties and wide‐angle absorption, porous carbon may possess a great application prospect in the naval field.
Monolithic Tandem Vertical Electrochemical Transistors for Printed Multi‐Valued Logic
Authors: Lim Dong Un , Jo Sae Byeok , Cho Jeong Ho
Published: December 2022

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have recently emerged as a feasible candidate to realize the next generation of printable electronics. Especially, their chemical versatility and the unique redox‐based operating principle have provided new possibilities in high‐functioning logic circuitry beyond the traditional binary Boolean logic. Here, a simple strategy to electrochemically realize monolithic multi‐valued logic transistors is presented, which is one of the most promising branches of transistor technology in the forthcoming era of hyper Moore's law. A vertically stacked heterogeneous dual‐channel architecture is introduced with a patterned reference electrode, which enables a facile manifestation of stable and equiprobable ternary logic states with a reduced transistor footprint. The dual‐ion‐penetration mechanism coupled with ultrashort vertical channel even allows a very‐high accessing frequency to multiple logic states reaching over 10 MHz. Furthermore, printed arrays of ternary logic gates with full voltage swing within 1 V are demonstrated.
Suppressing the Dynamic Oxygen Evolution of Sodium Layered Cathodes through Synergistic Surface Dielectric Polarization and Bulk Site‐Selective Co‐Doping
Authors: Xia Xiao , Liu Tong , Cheng Chen , Li Hongtai , Yan Tianran , Hu Haolv , Shen Yihao , Ju Huanxin , Chan Ting‐Shan , Wu Zhenwei , Su Yuefeng , Zhao Yu , Cao Duanyun , Zhang Liang
Published: December 2022

Utilizing anionic redox activity within layered oxide cathode materials represents a transformational avenue for enabling high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries. However, the anionic oxygen redox reaction is often accompanied with irreversible dynamic oxygen evolution, leading to unfavorable structural distortion and thus severe voltage decay and rapid capacity fading. Herein, it is proposed and validated that the dynamic oxygen evolution can be effectively suppressed through the synergistic surface CaTiO3 dielectric coating and bulk site‐selective Ca/Ti co‐doping for layered Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2. The surface dielectric coating layer not only suppresses the surface oxygen release but more importantly inhibits the bulk oxygen migration by creating a reverse electric field through dielectric polarization. Meanwhile, the site‐selective doping of oxygen‐affinity Ca into Na layers and Ti into transition metal layers effectively stabilizes the bulk oxygen through modulating the O 2p band center and the oxygen migration barrier. Such a strategy also leads to a reversible structural evolution with a low volume change because of the enhanced structural integrality and improved oxygen rigidity. Because of these synergistic advantages, the designed electrode exhibits greatly suppressed voltage decay and capacity fading upon long‐term cycling. This study affords a promising strategy for regulating the dynamic oxygen evolution to achieve high‐capacity layered cathode materials.
Construction of Metal–Organic Framework Films via Crosslinking‐Induced Assembly
Authors: Li Hongfeng , Shi Haohao , Chen Xinyi , Ren Zhen , Shen Yu , Wu Peng , Fan Yun , Zhang Xinglong , Shi Wenxiong , Liao Honggang , Zhang Suoying , Zhang Weina , Huo Fengwei
Published: December 2022

The construction of metal–organic framework (MOF) films is a crucial step for integrating them into technical applications. However, due to the crystallization nature, it is difficult to grow most MOFs spontaneously or process them into films. Here, a convenient strategy is demonstrated for constructing MOF films by using modulators to achieve homogeneous assembly of MOF clusters. Small clusters in the early growth steps of MOFs can be stabilized by modulators to form fluidic precursors with good processibility. Then, simple removal of modulators will trigger the crosslinking of MOF clusters and lead to the formation of continuous films. This strategy is universal for the fabrication of several types of MOF films with large scale and controllable thickness, which can be deposited on a variety of substrates as well as can be patterned in micro/nano resolution. Additionally, versatile composite MOF films can be easily synthesized by introducing functional materials during the crosslinking process, which brings them broader application prospects.
Cost‐Effective and Robust Multispectral Light‐Emitting Diode Device for the Readout of Plasmonic Microarray Sensors
Authors: Kastner Stephan , Urban Matthias , Dietel Anne-Kathrin , Csáki Andrea , Fritzsche Wolfgang
Published: December 2022

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is a phenomenon known for more than 100 years, which arises from the interaction of light with metallic nanoparticles. In recent years, the field of LSPR sensing has become increasingly important in bioanalytics. Herein, a simple and robust device setup to perform time‐resolved LSPR measurements with inexpensive array sensor chips is presented. For this purpose, gold nanoparticles are spotted onto glass substrates under different conditions (droplet size/number, temperature, and humidity) to achieve an optimal signal‐to‐noise ratio. To verify the setup and the spotted sensor chips, bulk sensitivity measurements with solutions of varying refractive index and surface sensitivity measurements with layer‐by‐layer (LbL) deposition are performed. It is shown that slower drying minimizes the edge effects of ring‐like deposits (coffee ring effect) and that the spots with higher particle densities are more suitable for sensor applications. In general, the use of six light‐emitting diode (LEDs) enables a simple centroid calculation as well as an evaluation via individual LED intensities. The presented cost‐effective system allows parallel reading of more than 100 spots in a label‐free platform, and together with the optimized low‐cost sensors, it provides an interesting alternative for the development of future on‐site diagnostics.
Revealing Morphology Evolution of Lithium Dendrites by Large‐Scale Simulation Based on Machine Learning Force Field
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Weng Mouyi , Zhang Mingzheng , Ye Yaokun , Chen Zhefeng , Li Simo , Li Shunning , Pan Feng , Wang Lin‐wang
Published: December 2022

Solving the dendrite growth problem is critical for the development of lithium metal anode for high‐capacity batteries. In this work, a machine learning force field model in combination with a self‐consistent continuum solvation model is used to simulate the morphology evolution of dendrites in a working electrolyte environment. The dynamic evolution of the dendrite morphology can be described in two stages. In the first stage, the energy reduction of the surface atoms induces localized reorientation of the originally single‐crystal dendrite and the formation of multiple domains. In the second stage, the energy reduction of internal atoms drives the migration of grain boundaries and the slipping of crystal domains. The results indicate that the formation of multiple domains might help to stabilize the dendrite, as a higher temperature trajectory in a single crystal dendrite without domains shows a higher dendrite collapsing rate. Several possible modes of morphological evolutions are also investigated, including surface diffusion of adatoms and configuration twists from [100] exposed surfaces to [110] exposed surfaces. In summary, reducing the surface and grain boundary energy drives the morphology evolution. Based on the analysis of these driving forces, some guidelines are suggested for designing a more stable lithium metal anode.
Highly Reversible Solid‐State Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries by Size‐Matching Between Fe‐Fe Cluster and Li2‐xO2
Authors: Song Yajie , Kong Fanpeng , Sun Xue , Liu Qingsong , Li Xudong , Ren Liping , Xie Ying , Shen Yanbin , Wang Jiajun
Published: December 2022

Solid‐state lithium‐oxygen batteries (SSLOBs) offer high energy density with enhanced safety. However, the challenge of energy loss induced by the high polarization of the solid‐state air electrode has become a major bottleneck for its further development. Here, a homonuclear Fe‐Fe catalyst (Fe2‐N‐C) matched to reactants (Li2‐xO2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2) size to alleviate the redox polarization in solid‐state electrodes is designed. Atomically resolved transmission electron microscopy reveals that the spatial size of Fe‐Fe clusters (1.5–2 Å) is commensurate with Li2‐xO2 (1.2–2.2 Å), which can overcome the challenges associated with catalyst/reactant size mismatch. In‐depth theoretical analyses show that orbital coupling and spin state jumping between Fe‐Fe sites allows the Fe centers to exhibit d‐orbital delocalization and high electronic spin states. These features enhance the activation of paramagnetic oxygen species, optimize the binding strength to LiO2 and reduce the charge/discharge voltage gap. Meanwhile, the size‐matching effect induces the ductile growth of the discharge product into a highly reversible film‐like morphology. The Fe2‐N‐C cathode with low overpotential exhibits significantly improved round‐trip efficiency (84.9%). The concept of this work opens up new opportunities for designing high‐performance SSLOBs.
Room Temperature Incorporation of Arsenic Atoms into the Germanium (001) Surface**
Authors: Hofmann Emily V. S. , Stock Taylor J. Z. , Warschkow Oliver , Conybeare Rebecca , Curson Neil J. , Schofield Steven R.
Published: December 2022

Germanium has emerged as an exceptionally promising material for spintronics and quantum information applications, with significant fundamental advantages over silicon. However, efforts to create atomic‐scale devices using donor atoms as qubits have largely focused on phosphorus in silicon. Positioning phosphorus in silicon with atomic‐scale precision requires a thermal incorporation anneal, but the low success rate for this step has been shown to be a fundamental limitation prohibiting the scale‐up to large‐scale devices. Here, we present a comprehensive study of arsine (AsH3) on the germanium (001) surface. We show that, unlike any previously studied dopant precursor on silicon or germanium, arsenic atoms fully incorporate into substitutional surface lattice sites at room temperature. Our results pave the way for the next generation of atomic‐scale donor devices combining the superior electronic properties of germanium with the enhanced properties of arsine/germanium chemistry that promises scale‐up to large numbers of deterministically placed qubits.
Didepside Formation by the Nonreducing Polyketide Synthase Preu6 of Preussia isomera Requires Interaction of Starter Acyl Transferase and Thioesterase Domains
Authors: Liu Qingpei , Zhang Dan , Gao Shuaibiao , Cai Xianhua , Yao Ming , Xu Yao , Gong Yifu , Zheng Ke , Mao Yigui , Yang Liyan , Yang Dengfeng , Molnár István , Yang Xiaolong
Published: December 2022

Orsellinic acid (OA) derivatives are produced by filamentous fungi using nonreducing polyketide synthases (nrPKSs). The chain‐releasing thioesterase (TE) domains of such nrPKSs were proposed to also catalyze dimerization to yield didepsides, such as lecanoric acid. Here, we use combinatorial domain exchanges, domain dissections and reconstitutions to reveal that the TE domain of the lecanoric acid synthase Preu6 of Preussia isomera must collaborate with the starter acyl transferase (SAT) domain from the same nrPKS. We show that artificial SAT‐TE fusion proteins are highly effective catalysts and reprogram the ketide homologation chassis to form didepsides. We also demonstrate that dissected SAT and TE domains of Preu6 physically interact, and SAT and TE domains of OA‐synthesizing nrPKSs may co‐evolve. Our work highlights an unexpected domain–domain interaction in nrPKSs that must be considered for the combinatorial biosynthesis of unnatural didepsides, depsidones, and diphenyl ethers.
Constructing Mechanical Shuttles in a Three‐dimensional (3D) Porous Architecture for Selective Transport of Lithium Ions
Authors: Ruan Xianghui , Zhang Cheng , Zhu Yuzhang , Cai Fuli , Yang Yajie , Feng Jiahui , Ma Xujiao , Zheng Yue , Li Huanhuan , Yuan Ye , Zhu Guangshan
Published: December 2022

Lithium (Li) extraction from brines is a major barrier to the sustainable development of batteries and alloys; however, current separation technology suffers from a trade‐off between ion selectivity and permeability. Herein, a crown ether mechanically interlocked 3D porous organic framework (Crown‐POF) was prepared as the porous filler of thin‐film nanocomposite membranes. Crown‐POF with penta‐coordinated (four Ocrown atoms and one Ntert‐amine atom) adsorption sites enables a special recognition for Li+ ion. Moreover, the four Ntert‐amine atoms on each POF branch facilitate the flipping motion of Li+ ion along the skeletal thread, while retaining the specified binding pattern. Accordingly, the crown ether interlocked POF network displays an ultrafast ion transfer rate, over 10 times that of the conventional porous materials. Notably, the nanocomposite membrane gives high speed and selectivity for Li+ ion transport as compared with other porous solid‐based mixed‐matrix membranes.
Increased Surface Density of States at the Fermi Level for Electron Transport Across Single‐Molecule Junctions
Authors: Gu Mong‐Wen , Lai Chih‐Ta , Ni I‐Chih , Wu Chih‐I , Chen Chun‐hsien
Published: December 2022

Fermi's golden rule, a remarkable concept for the transition probability involving continuous states, is applicable to the interfacial electron‐transporting efficiency via correlation with the surface density of states (SDOS). Yet, this concept has not been reported to tailor single‐molecule junctions where gold is an overwhelmingly popular electrode material due to its superior amenability in regenerating molecular junctions. At the Fermi level, however, the SDOS of gold is small due to its fully filled d‐shell. To increase the electron‐transport efficiency, herein, gold electrodes are modified by a monolayer of platinum or palladium that bears partially filled d‐shells and exhibits significant SDOS at the Fermi energy. An increase by 2–30 fold is found for single‐molecule conductance of α,ω‐hexanes bridged via common headgroups. The improved junction conductance is attributed to the electrode self‐energy which involves a stronger coupling with the molecule and a larger SDOS participated by d‐electrons at the electrode‐molecule interfaces.
Cardiovascular disease risk factors in autistic adults: The impact of sleep quality and antipsychotic medication use
Authors: Bishop Lauren , Charlton Rebecca A. , McLean Kiley J. , McQuaid Goldie A. , Lee Nancy Raitano , Wallace Gregory L.
Published: December 2022

Approximately 40% of American adults are affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (e.g., high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and overweight or obesity), and risk among autistic adults may be even higher. Mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of CVD risk factors in autistic people may include known correlates of CVD risk factors in other groups, including high levels of perceived stress, poor sleep quality, and antipsychotic medication use. A sample of 545 autistic adults without intellectual disability aged 18+ were recruited through the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research, Research Match. Multiple linear regression models examined the association between key independent variables (self‐reported perceived stress, sleep quality, and antipsychotic medication use) and CVD risk factors, controlling for demographic variables (age, sex assigned at birth, race, low‐income status, autistic traits). Overall, 73.2% of autistic adults in our sample had an overweight/obesity classification, 45.3% had high cholesterol, 39.4% had high blood pressure, and 10.3% had diabetes. Older age, male sex assigned at birth, and poorer sleep quality were associated with a higher number of CVD risk factors. Using antipsychotic medications was associated with an increased likelihood of having diabetes. Poorer sleep quality was associated with an increased likelihood of having an overweight/obesity classification. Self‐reported CVD risk factors are highly prevalent among autistic adults. Both improving sleep quality and closely monitoring CVD risk factors among autistic adults who use antipsychotic medications have the potential to reduce risk for CVD.
Conjugated Azo Compounds as Active Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Metal Batteries with High‐Rate Performance
Authors: Wang Jiawen , Tong Yifan , Huang Weiwei , Zhang Qichun
Published: December 2022

Organic electrode materials have gained growing attention in the field of sodium‐metal batteries due to their rich reserves, flexibility, and environmental friendliness. However, organic small molecules suffer from poor stability in the electrolyte leading to the decay of battery capacity and reduced cycle life. To address these issues, we report a linear polymer p‐PADA with N=N and C=N as active centers. Its highly‐conjugated and polymerized structure endows the p‐PADA electrode stability, faster reaction kinetics, and exceptional rate performance. When the current density reaches 5 A g−1, p‐PADA still exhibits a specific capacity of 313 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles. This work demonstrates that polymerization is an effective method to enhance the electrochemical properties of organic materials.
PEGASE Program: Identification of babies in the child protection system at risk of developmental delays or disorders and the implementation of a ‘supra‐optimal’ care pathway
Authors: Toussaint Emmanuelle , Rousseau Daniel
Published: December 2022

The importance of the first three years of life for children's development and the consequences for their general health in adulthood have been widely documented in the international literature, including the benefits of early identification and intervention programs. Additionally, convergent research has highlighted wide‐ranging negative trajectories attributable to both the short and long‐term consequences of abuse and neglect and their neurobiological impact on health and development. However, formal identification processes and the use of standardised screening tools in child protection remain relatively rare despite the potential societal impact of child maltreatment in terms of public and economic health. Moreover, delays between the initial identification of mental health problems and health and developmental disorders, and the introduction of appropriate interventions persist. Abused and neglected infants risk an exacerbation of the consequences of early maltreatment due to insufficient access to prompt assessment and treatment, including appropriate responses to their health needs.

The aim of this article is to present the PEGASE program, an innovative French program for very young children in care, which is modelled on the care of premature babies. By setting up an early care pathway, it aims to ensure adequate medical follow‐up – both somatic and psychiatric – through standardised examination and tailored interventions in order to limit the adverse health and developmental consequences of abuse. The presentation of the PEGASE program is supplemented by a case study.
Color‐blind and racially suppressive discourses on German‐speaking Twitter: A mixed method analysis of the Hanau White nationalist shootings
Authors: Windel Friederike , Than Nga , Perkins Krystal M. , Rodriguez Maria Y.
Published: December 2022

This study examined German‐speaking Twitter users' reckoning with racism in response to the right‐wing extremist shootings that targeted ethnic minorities in Hanau, Germany. We employed a mixed‐methods analysis combining Structural Topic Modelling (STM) and discourse analysis. We used STM to identify broad topic patterns and focused on the topics involving the racialized commentary the German‐speaking public offered in the aftermath of Hanau. The STM analysis resulted in 50 topics; among these conversations, racism in German society and racism: threats and fears were among the top 10 topics. In total, 36.8% of the 50 topics in the first month of the shootings were racism‐related discussions but the majority of these discussions did not describe the Hanau shootings as racially motivated. We conducted a discourse analysis to capture a more fine‐grained understanding of the users' racialized conversations, focusing specifically on the discursive contexts in which racially suppressive discourses were used and taking place. We identified three racially suppressive discourses, including the explanation that the shootings/shooter was mentally ill, might be racially motivated, and a product of extremist groups. This study uncovered multifaceted public conversations in the aftermath of Hanau and offered interpretations of large‐scale conversations that reckoned with racism on German‐speaking Twitter.
Rheology and Hydrodynamics of Iron Ore Mineral Pulps during a Bioleaching Process in a Continuous Stirred‐Tank Reactor
Authors: Ramírez-Torres Luis Antonio , Medina-Torres Luis , Calderas Fausto , Núñez-Ramírez Diola Marina , Manero Octavio
Published: December 2022

The rheological response and the computational hydrodynamic continuous stirred‐tank behavior were analyzed to increase the understanding of the bioleaching process in mineral pulps. The rheological properties of the mineral pulps showed that a smaller particle size increases the magnitude of the rheological parameters, shortens the bioleaching process time, and, indirectly, increases the concentration of bacteria in the medium, thus augmenting the gel strength. The bioreactor hydrodynamics results revealed that the best dual‐impeller configuration corresponds to a Rushton (top)/Maxflo (bottom) configuration, generating power savings of ∼9 %. Finally, when analyzing apparent viscosity maps, velocity fields, and streamlines at different stirring speeds, enhanced hydrodynamic conditions were observed at 400 rpm.
Thermodynamic topology optimization for sequential additive manufacturing including structural self‐weight
Authors: Kick Miriam , Jantos Dustin R. , Junker Philipp
Published: December 2022

Topology optimization and additive manufacturing complement one another where the first one results in possibly complex structures, and the second one allows for manufacturing of those. For computing optimized components that also fit to the manufacturing limits, the building processes need to be accounted for already during the optimization process. A special characteristic of the additive manufacturing process is the step‐by‐step manufacturing. Herein, constructing large‐scale structures, as for example buildings or bridges, by assembling pre‐produced segments can also be considered as additive manufacturing. Especially, a design which also carries the manufacturing or assembling machine, as for example cranes or robots, on different positions during manufacturing is of interest. Therefore, we extend the established thermodynamic topology optimization for a sequential optimization process which considers changing manufacturing loads under structural self‐weight.
Confidence sequences with composite likelihoods
Authors: Pace Luigi , Salvan Alessandra , Sartori Nicola
Published: December 2022

In dominated parametric statistical models, confidence sequences provide conservatively valid frequentist inference directly from a likelihood ratio. They ensure a specific mode of replicability when inference is performed on accumulating data: inferential conclusions that are compatible with a guaranteed probability when the sample is enlarged, in the form of overlapping confidence regions. Here we consider both Robbins' mixture confidence sequences and running maximum likelihood confidence sequences recently considered by Wasserman, Ramdas, and Balakrishnan. We compare through simulation the replicability properties of the two kinds of confidence sequences, evaluating, along a prospected enlargement of the sample, the frequency of incompatible estimation intervals and the frequency of failure of simultaneous coverage of the true parameter value. Moreover, we propose a shortcut to extend the application of mixture confidence sequences to pseudo‐likelihoods, in particular to composite likelihood. The main assumption required is that normal asymptotic theory offers a good approximation to the density of the maximizer of the pseudo‐likelihood. When inference is about a scalar parameter of interest, the computation of the proposed sequence of confidence intervals is straightforward. The method is illustrated by an example with replicability properties evaluated through simulation.
Antisite Defects and Chemical Expansion in Low‐damping, High‐magnetization Yttrium Iron Garnet Films
Authors: Santiso Jose , García Carlos , Romanque Cristian , Henry Loïc , Bernier Nicolas , Bagués Núria , Caicedo José Manuel , Valvidares Manuel , Sandiumenge Felip
Published: December 2022

Yttrium iron garnet is widely investigated for its suitability in applications ranging from magneto‐optical and microwave devices to magnonics. However, in the few‐nanometer thickness range, epitaxial films exhibit a strong variability in magnetic behavior that hinders their implementation in technological devices. Here, direct visualization and spectroscopy of the atomic structure of a nominally stoichiometric thin film, exhibiting a small damping factor of 3.0 ⋅ 10−4, reveals the occurrence of Y‐excess octahedral antisite defects. The two‐magnon strength is very small, Γ0≈10−6 Oe, indicating a very low occurrence of scattering centers. Notably, the saturation magnetization, 4πMs=2.10 (±0.01) kOe, is higher than the bulk value, in consistency with the suppression of magnetic moment in the minority octahedral sublattice by the observed antisite defects. Analysis of elemental concentration profiles across the substrate‐film interface suggests that the Y‐excess is originated from unbalanced cationic interdiffusion during the early growth stages.
Expecting tasks to help or hurt subsequent cognitive performance: Variability, accuracy, and bias in forecasted after‐effects
Authors: Francis Zoë , Inzlicht Michael
Published: December 2022

After‐effects on cognition—where a prior activity either benefits or hinders subsequent cognitive performance—are empirically inconsistent. Do people have insight into when their subjective energy and cognition will be helped or hurt by engaging in prior activities? Studies 1a and 1b (combined N  =  316) find that people expect more demanding and unenjoyable tasks to hinder their subsequent energy and cognitive performance, regardless of their willpower lay theory. Study 2 (N  =  167) examines the accuracy of these forecasts using a within‐subject design. Participants’ forecasts of their future subjective states did predict their actual experienced subjective states, but participants were not able to accurately forecast their subsequent maths performance. Additionally, they significantly overestimated the detrimental effects of demanding prior activities on both subjective state and performance. Study 3 (N  =  210) found that participants’ overestimation of detrimental after‐effects could result in unnecessary financial costs, suggesting these biased forecasts can have consequences.
Regulatory Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Current Practice and Future Priorities
Authors: Oldenkamp Rik , Hamers Timo , Wilkinson John , Slootweg Jaap , Posthuma Leo
Published: December 2022

How can data on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment and the quality of ecosystems exposed to PPCPs be used to determine whether current regulatory risk assessment schemes are effective? This is one of 20 “big questions” concerning PPCPs in the environment posed in a landmark review paper in 2012. Ten years later, we review the developments around this question, focusing on the first P in PPCPs, that is, pharmaceuticals, or more specifically the active ingredients included in them (active pharmaceutical ingredients, APIs). We illustrate how extensive data on both the occurrence of APIs and the ecotoxicological sensitivity of aquatic species to them can be used in a retrospective risk assessment. In the Netherlands, current regulatory risk assessment schemes offer insufficient protection against direct ecotoxicological effects from APIs: the toxic pressure exerted by the 39 APIs included in our study exceeds the policy-related protective threshold of 0.05 (the “95%-protection level”) in at least 13% of sampled surface waters. In general, anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products (e.g., diclofenac, ibuprofen) contributed most to the overall toxic pressure, followed by sex hormones and modulators of the genital system (e.g., ethinylestradiol) and psychoanaleptics (e.g., caffeine). We formulated three open questions for future research. The first relates to improving the availability and accessibility of good-quality ecotoxicity data on pharmaceuticals for the global scientific, regulatory, and general public. The second relates to the adaptation of regulatory risk assessment frameworks for developing regions of the world. The third relates to the integration of effect-based and ecological approaches into regulatory risk assessment practice. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:611–622. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Utilities' Need for Advanced Telecommunications
Authors: Khalid Saba , Hotovec Spencer , Clancy John
Published: December 2022

There have been an increasing number of extreme weather events worldwide over the past decade. Events previously referred to as occurring “once every 50 years” now occur more frequently and have resulted in significant loss of life and property and infrastructure damage. As these climate events become even more frequent, utilities—due to their role underpinning all economic activity—must find new ways to upgrade their infrastructure to avoid extended recovery times and delays in restoring power to customers. An important investment to speed recovery and support management of assets during severe weather events is a resilient, reliable, and secure communications network. This is the backbone of utility infrastructure. During extreme weather events, utility telecommunications infrastructure is put to the test as commercial cellular providers become unable to provide service due to electric grid outages. If utilities are using legacy technologies in conjunction with reliance on commercial communications providers, they could be without a telecommunications network when they need it most.
RETRACTED: A systematic review on climate change and geo‐environmental factors induced land degradation: Processes, policy‐practice gap and its management strategies
Authors: Roy Paramita , Pal Subodh Chandra , Chakrabortty Rabin , Saha Asish , Chowdhuri Indrajit
Published: December 2022

Climate change has an effect on ecosystems and people all around the globe and causes land degradation. A long‐term decline in biological output, loss of ecological integrity, and a fall in the economic worth of the land are all signs of “land degradation”, a downbeat trend in land condition. In the red lateritic zone of the tropical area, where “climate change” and “land degradation” are related, they impact one another. On the other hand, due to the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which slow the rate of carbon absorption, and the extent of various existing land degradation processes, which are worsened in pace and magnitude by “climate change”. The world's expanding population poses a challenge to supplying the rising demand for food in recent decades. The need for additional land for farming, feed, and other forms of production is fuelled by poverty and the destruction of the environment. In tropical regions, “soil erosion” caused by “water and wind, salinization and alkalinity, acidity, losses of organic carbon, nutrient imbalance, pollution/contamination by toxic substances, and soil sealing and capping” all call for immediate action to stop the land degradation process and sustainably restore productivity for environmental security and food security for the world's expanding population. After fulfilling the requirement systematic knowledge about soil, scientific use of natural resources (water, land, minerals, vegetation, air and biodiversity) will present a healthy planet with a healthy ecological system for future generations.
Moral Status and the Oversight of Research Involving Chimeric Animals
Authors: Marshall Patricia , Craig Kaitlynn P. , Hyun Insoo
Published: December 2022

The use of nonhuman animals in research has long been a source of bioethical and scientific debate. We consider the oversight and use of nonhuman animals in chimeric research. We conducted interviews with twelve members of embryonic stem cell research oversight committees, nine members of institutional animal care and use committees, and fourteen scientists involved in human–nonhuman‐animal chimeric research in different areas of the United States. Interviews addressed animal welfare and conceptual issues associated with moral status and humanization of nonhuman animals that contain human cells. Our findings suggest that concepts of enhanced moral status and consciousness are not very useful in human–nonhuman‐animal chimeric research in part because their meanings are not easily defined, which presents challenges to applying the concepts in research. Instead, scientists and oversight committee members we interviewed seemed to rely on standard assessments of changes in animal welfare when focusing on the ethics of human‐animal chimeric research.
Step it UP! Game increases steps of adults with disabilities
Authors: Seward Rebecca , Redner Ryan
Published: December 2022

Engaging in regular physical activity has been shown to decrease the risk of health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. Several studies have shown that physical activity is lower among individuals with neuro‐atypical developmental and intellectual disabilities as compared to neurotypical individuals. The current study evaluated the effects of the Step it UP! Game on the mean number of steps taken per minute with adults with disabilities. Participants were divided into 2 competing teams, and the team with the highest step count at the end of each session participated in a prize drawing. The Step it UP! Game was compared to baseline conditions using a multielement design. Mean step count increased from 24.35 steps per minute during baseline to 54.76 steps per minute during the intervention. All 10 participants took more steps during the Step it UP! Game.