bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antifungal Efficacy of Mint Essential Oil Against Penicillium spp. Inoculated on Carrots
Authors: VALKOVÁ Veronika , ĎÚRANOVÁ Hana , GALOVİČOVÁ Lucia , VUKOVİC Nenad , VUKİC Milena , KAČÁNİOVÁ Miroslava
Published: March 2023

Current research aims to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, and in vitro and in situ antifungal activities of commercially available Mentha arvensis essential oil (mint, MEO). The identification of the volatile substances was done using Gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A total of 42 components representing 99.5% of the total oil were identified. The main compounds in the oil were menthol (37.3%), menthone (17.4%), neo-menthol (14.1%), and 1,8-cineole (4.9%). Antioxidant assays (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) demonstrate only weak activity for the MEO in values 195.00 ± 5.30 μg TEAC.mL-1, with 22.8 ± 1.2% free radical-scavenging inhibition. Evaluation of in vitro and in situ antifungal activities of MEO (in four concentrations: 62.5 µL/L, 125 µL/L, 250 µL/L, and 250 µL/L) against three strains of Penicillium (P.) spp. fungi strains (P. expansum, P. citrinum, P. crustosum) were assessed by disc diffusion method and vapor contact method on the carrot as model food, respectively. The suitability of carrots as a substrate for analyzes was verified by determining moisture content (MC) and water activity (aw), which showed values of 82.80 ± 2.33% and 0.959 ± 0.001, respectively. MEO exhibited promising antifungal activity against analyzed strains of test fungi as a diameter of zones of inhibition (from 2.88 ± 0.55 to 12.33 ± 1.14 mm), as well as the effectiveness of this oil was detected on the carrot model (from -5.41 ± 7.35 to 100.00 ± 0.00%). Moreover, it can be concluded that the growth inhibition of fungi strains significantly depends (P < 0.05) on the concentration of the MEO used in both procedures. Our results suggest that MEO, as a promising natural antifungal agent, can be applied in the innovative packaging of food products including carrots.
Antifungal Activities of Essential Oil Obtained from Mentha Spicata var. Crispa against Selected Penicillium Species
Authors: ĎÚRANOVÁ Hana , VALKOVÁ Veronika , GALOVİČOVÁ Lucia , VUKOVİC Nenad , VUKİC Milena , KAČÁNİOVÁ Miroslava
Published: March 2023

Attention of the scientific community has still focused on application of essential oils (EOs) as natural antifungal agents in the food industry to prolong the shelf-life of food products. In this regard, the current study was designed to evaluate chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antifungal (in vitro, in situ) activities of spearmint (Mentha spicata var. crispa) essential oil (SEO) commercially obtained from Slovak company against selected Penicillium species. The EO was used in four concentrations (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µL/L) chosen, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, DPPH, agar disc diffusion and vapor phase methods were employed for such analyses. Our results revealed carvone (57.5%) and α-limonene (17.6%) to be the principal constituents in the EO chemical composition. Although only a weak antioxidant capacity (20.40 ± 0.80% free radical-scavenging inhibition) was displayed by the SEO, the highest EO concentration (500 µL/L) was shown to be a moderate growth inhibitor of P. expansum (inhibition zone of 11.46 ± 0.63 mm) and P. crustosum (inhibition zones of 12.93 ± 0.46 mm). The growth of P. citrinum was only weakly inhibited by the SEO (≥ 250 µL/L). Most importantly, the ability of the SEO to inhibit the mycelial growth of three Penicillium spp. tested was pronounced (P < 0.05) for all applied concentrations. Accordingly, the results from the current study complement our previous ones dealing with the possibility of utilizing diverse EOs commercially achieved from the same company in the food sector.
Stress and coping strategies among under graduate medical students in Gezira University, Sudan
Authors: Rihab Imam Mukhtar Elsharief
Published: March 2023

Background: Students during years of learning in university are exposed to many stressors mainly academic, financial, health and social. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among 310 under graduate medical students of the Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira from March to November 2020, aiming to assess stress and coping strategies among under graduated medical students. The data was collected using self administered questionnaire and perceived stress scale (PSS) of ten items, and analyzed by SPSS version 20, chi square tests were used to assess relationship between variables. Results: The results revealed the following, (72.9%) have moderate stress, (16.1%) have severe stress .The most common type of stress was academic one (80%). (8.4%) of the student perceived academic, health, social and financial stressors .The most common academic stressors was unclear assignments (19.4%),the most common coping strategies was sleeping (32.9%). Statically, analysis had revealed a significant association between the type of enrollment to the faculty and perceived stress (Chi-Square Test =24.036, p-value =0.02) and between perceived stress and the Cumulative Grade Point Average CGPA (Chi-Square Test 1580.2, p value=0.00). Conclusion: A substantial number of medical students experience moderate level of stress, academic stressors was the most common stressors among under graduate medical students in this study which may have negative impact on student wellbeing and performance results also emphasis the need for further studies, particularly in the form of longitudinal follow-up.
Automatic text summarization–A systematic literature review
Authors: Veena R  , D. Ramesh  , Hanumantappa M
Published: March 2023

Automatic summarization is the act of computationally condensing a set of data to produce a subset (a summary) that captures the key ideas or information within the original text. To do this, artificial intelligence algorithms that are tailored for diverse sorts of data are frequently created and used. Ten research articles considering databases like IEEE, Scopus, and Springer Nature have been considered. The paradigm shift that AI has created in the field of Automatic Text Summarization is discussed in detail.
Культивирование в условиях in vitro востребованных сортов винограда
Authors: Сегет Ольга Леонидовна , Аль-Накиб Екатерина Аделевна
Published: March 2023

Метод выделения апикальных меристем, регенерации из них растений и дальнейшего их клонального микроразмножения на сегодняшний день является наиболее перспективным и надежным способом оздоровления. В 2019 – 2021 гг. изучены приживаемость, развитие и рост востребованных сортов винограда — Цитронный Магарача и подвои Берландиери × Рупестрис Рюгжери 140, АЗОС-4 — на этапе введения в культуру in vitro в Краснодарском крае. Проанализирована эффективность применения в качестве стерилизующих веществ эксплантов винограда: этиловый спирт (70 %), пероксид водорода (3 %), хлорсодержащий раствор (50 %). Наиболее эффективным способом стерилизации оказалось погружение эксплантов винограда в хлорсодержащий раствор (50 %), в котором доля асептических жизнеспособных эксплантов составила 51 %. Наибольшим потенциалом на 1-м этапе культивирования эксплантов винограда обладала модифицированная среда по прописи Реброва, где приживаемость растений-регенерантов винограда составила 100 % в зависимости от сорта. Подобранный оптимальный состав компонентов питательной среды обеспечил увеличение количества основных корней, листьев и высоту растений сортообразцов винограда.
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton в андрогенезе in vitro
Authors: Илюшко Марина Владиславовна
Published: March 2023

Перилла кустарниковая — ценная масличная культура, ее возделывание в широких масштабах ограничено из-за растрескиваемости плодов. Проведен разведывательный эксперимент по выявлению способности P. frutescens (L.) Britton к андрогенетическим ответам и каллусообразованию in vitro. Для опыта использованы семена периллы, полученные от местного населения Приморского края. В культуру in vitro вводили пыльники и завязи из бутонов с видимым венчиком, выступающим над прицветником на четверть или треть, на индукционную питательную среду N6 с содержанием 2,0 мг/л 2,4-дихлорфеноксиуксусной кислоты (2,4-Д). Андрогенные каллусы и завязи переносили на регенерационную среду N6 с гормонами (кинетин и 6-бензиламинопурин по 1,0 мг/л). Впервые выявлено, что перилла способна к андрогенетическим ответам. Частота каллусообразования составила 4,4 %. Завязь периллы может поддерживаться в культуре in vitro минимум в течение 2 месяцев, увеличение её размеров индуцируется гормоном 2,4-Д. Для повышения частоты каллусообразования и получения морфогенетических ответов в андрогенезе in vitro необходим подбор органоминерального состава питательных сред, используемых для двудольных растений.
Изучение коллекционных образцов арбуза и дыни в условиях Волгоградского Заволжья
Authors: Корнилова Мария Сергеевна , Бочерова Ирина Николаевна , Рябчикова Наталья Борисовна
Published: March 2023

Для выявления новых форм арбуза и дыни с ценными репродуктивными признаками определены отдельные генотипы, способные давать стабильный урожай плодов арбуза и дыни, обладающие комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков в условиях Волгоградского Заволжья. Коллекционные образцы арбуза и дыни изучали в течение 2019 – 2021 гг. по следующим характеристикам: урожайность, период от всходов до созревания, технологическая ценность и вкусовые качества плодов. По урожайности от 30,0 до 33,8 т/га выделились 3 образца арбуза. По вкусовым качествам отбирали образцы с содержанием сухого вещества от 12,0 до 14,0 %. Продолжительность вегетационного периода образцов колебалась от 62 до 92 сут. По технологическим качествам выделено 6 образцов с оригинальной формой и окраской плода, яркой окраской мякоти. В исследованных образцах дыни выделено: по урожайности от 14,0 до 19,0 т/га — 2 образца; по содержанию сухого вещества от 15,0 до 19,0 % — 3 образца; по крупности плодов 4,0 кг — 1 образец; с яркой окраской мякоти – 2 образца; пробы на фоновую окраску коры — 2 образца; по раннеспелости 61 сут. — 1 образец; на наличие сплошной сетки — 1 образец. Отобранные образцы арбуза и дыни в дальнейшем будут использованы в гибридизации для получения новых высокопродуктивных сортов и гибридов.
Shopping Mall Parking Lot as/is a Meeting Place: Typologies and Strategies for a New Polarity in Architectural and Landscape Design
Authors: Meninno Claudio , Venudo Adriano
Published: March 2023

This article presents the results of a study developed around the general theme of the future of large shopping centers in relation to the current transformations of territory and city in Italy. Specifically, the research deals with outdoor spaces, those enormous technical and service spaces strictly connected to the commercial "big-boxes". The focus of the research is therefore on the large parking areas, the roads, the manoeuvring and service areas for sales: the large asphalt slabs that surround the commercial volumes. The research starts from the specific case study of the large shopping center "Tiare" in Villesse, Gorizia (one of the largest in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region) and then extends to the development of a more general and scientifically articulated modelling. The objective was to translate the initial retrospective study (origins and development of shopping centers) and the design explorations developed in the academic sphere and through workshops on the potential of the case study into strategies, exportable to other contexts. The spaces involved are considerable, amounting to 2-3 times the sales area, i.e., parking lots of 30-40-60 hectares, the same extension of an entire town. From this it is easy to understand the importance of the architectural design on other disciplines, and the need to question "if and how" these spaces can also become something else, if they can also have a social role due the dimensional-territorial entity, and specifically, recovering the American tradition from Gruen onwards, if they can assume the role and function of a meeting place. The research allowed the identification of methodologies for the transformation of car parks into meeting points: the creation of a landmark, densification and screening. In addition, the results obtained offer possible new developments for these places that can be identified in the following macro-strategies: the re-urbanisation of peripheral commercial nodes, neural development between city and shopping centre, parallel and autonomous development of shopping malls and cities, commercial development and urban erosion.
Effectiveness of Early Childhood Education: A Case Study from Remote District of Central Punjab
Authors: Editor JECCE
Published: March 2023

This study was designed to the effectiveness of early childhood educationclassrooms in terms of available facilities and practices in PublicElementary Schools of remote district of central Punjab. In this studysurvey design was used. The target population for this study was all theHead Teachers, ECE teachers and Caregivers constituted the populationworking in all public elementary schools in district Toba Tek Singh.However, using simple random sampling method 150 head teachers, 150teachers and 150 caregivers (female) were selected. To collect data fromthe sampled participants a self-developed questionnaire was used as datacollection instrument from the sample. The items set in the questionnairewas based on categories of Facilities and Practices. The questionnaire wasalso pretested on a small group of teachers from non-selected schools toevaluate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The Cronbachalpha value for reliability of the questionnaire was found 0.71. It wasfound that there was scarcity of multimedia or projector, first aid box,washrooms, energy sources, necessary stationery, drinking water and newcharts to restore the interest in learning of the kids in ECE rooms. Lack inteachers and caregivers use of different pedagogies to inculcate the basicconcepts and making the
Parental Interest in Students’ Achievement in the Subject of English at Early Childhood Stage
Authors: Editor.JECCE
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the interest of parents for the achievement of theirchildren in the subject of English. It was a case study conducted in aprivate English medium school. The study aimed to find two types ofrelationships; firstly, the relationship between educational level ofparents and achievements of students in the subject of English andsecondly relationship between interest of parents and achievement ofstudents in the subject of English. 59 students and their parents (only oneof the parents who filled in the questionnaire) participated in the study. Itwas a census study therefore, 100% sample was taken which consisted ofall the pupils and their parents. Pilot testing was conducted on thepopulation with same characteristics. A questionnaire with 26 items forparents was developed and its validity and reliability was determined.Students’ achievement in English was calculated on the basis of Englishresult of the school final term examination. Data collected throughquestionnaires was analyzed by applying Pearson product momentcorrelation. The results of correlation showed no relationship betweenstudents’ achievement in the subject of English and parents’ educationallevel, whereas significant relationship was noticed between parentalinterest and students’ achievement in English.
Exploring Traces of Equity in Teachers’ Instructional Practices, Assessment and Treatment with Students in Early Years of Education
Authors: Editor JECCE
Published: March 2023

Culturing equitable practices in learners’ early years of education are significant for their sound development and upbringing. According to OECD (2012), the education systems are highest in performance when quality and equity exist in them. The extent to which schools are equitable depends upon the learners how the learners perceive education as equitable. Most recently, Pakistan’s global commitment to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) compelled policy developers and researchers to address equity issues of early childhood education in Pakistan. For the study, the researchers collected evidences from students of grade-level three of public schools in Punjab pertaining to their experience of equity in teachers’ instructional practices, assessment and treatment. Convergent mixed-methods design was used for the study. Data were collected from teachers, head teachers, students and parents were major stakeholders. Teachers teaching students of early years of education were randomly selected. For quantitative data, 2023 teachers responded on the questionnaires, while, for qualitative data, interviews were conducted from 20 head teachers, parents and students. We concluded that students have had fewer equitable experiences at schools. Mostly, teachers had been inequitable in their instructional practices, treatment, and assessment in early years of education. It was recommended for schools to address inequitable situation particularly in terms of teachers’ treatment, assessment and instructional practices during early years of students’ education
Status of Katchi Class in Relation to Early Childhood Education Policies and practices in Punjab
Authors: Editor JECCE
Published: March 2023

The study aimed at identifying the present conditions of ECE ortraditionally termed ‘katchi class’ at government schools in Punjab(specifically targeting Okara city), while reviewing educational policiesand available literature to assess the reasons for non-implementation ofthe same. After failing to achieve its targets for EFA and MDG’s inregard to ECE specifically, spending a mere 2.3% of its GNP oneducation (UNESCO, 2014) the status of the katchi class, the mostcritical stage of learning remains deplorable in government schools ofPunjab. Analysis of the physical facilities, classroom practices andteacher assessment, along with interviews of headmasters and 3 districtofficials, the DCO, EDO (education) and DEO (primary schools) wereperformed using observation checklists and questionnaires respectively.The quantitative data was represented through simple percentages todraw conclusions to research questions while the qualitative data wasthematically analyzed to find out the reasons for non-implementation ofNCECE. The results indicated an overall low quality of katchi class bothin terms of physical environment and quality of education being offered,along with a lack of government interest and contribution in the field.Financial, organizational and cultural restraints were identified asbarriers in the implementation of the policies and recommendationssuggested for overcoming them.
Developing Critical Thinking Skills in Early Years through Early Childhood Care and Education
Authors: Editor JECCE
Published: March 2023

Today’s children need to learn how to filter useful informationfrom a plethora of information. For this purpose they need to learn criticalthinking skill. Our educational practices do not allow children to think andexpress their ideas, as the teachers in our schools consider themselvesauthority on the knowledge. Moreover, the main purpose of teaching is tocomplete the syllabi and enable students to pass examination. The NationalCurriculum of Early Childhood Care and Education 2017 providesguidelines for developing critical thinking skills in young children. Thisstudy was an attempt to find out whether the classroom environment andinstructional strategies used at ECCE level are appropriate for developingcritical thinking skills in young children. The sample included 15 ECEclassrooms in Muzaffarabad city. These classrooms were observed andinformal interviews were taken from the teachers of these classes. It wasconcluded that the teachers at ECE level were not fully aware of animportant objective of the national curriculum suggested for this level. Theactivities and strategies required for developing critical thinking skill arerarely adopted by the teachers. Their basic focus remains on reading,writing and numeracy. Teachers mostly use the traditional methods ofteaching that make the kids passive learners.
ATENÇÃO DOMICILIAR NA SAÚDE PÚBLICA: PERSPECTIVA MACRO, MESO E MICRORREGIONAL EM MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL
Authors: Vieira da Silva Cristiane , Pereira Victor Guilherme , Pereira de Jesus Ely Carlos , De Pinho Sirlaine , Colares Maia Luciana , De Melo Costa Simone
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Investigar dados de atenção domiciliar na saúde pública, a partir da perspectiva macro, meso e microrregional no âmbito de Minas Gerais (MG), Brasil. Método: Estudo com delineamento ecológico. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (SISAB) do Ministério da Saúde brasileiro e se referem aos atendimentos domiciliares efetuados no período de 2016 a 2018. Exploraram-se as variáveis estratificadas por: sexo, modalidade de atenção domiciliar 1, 2 ou 3, atendimento programado ou não, visita pós-óbito e desfecho. Considerou-se a perspectiva macro o estado de Minas Gerais, meso a região do norte do estado e microrregional o município de Montes Claros (MG). Resultados: Em Minas Gerais foram efetuados 665.395 atendimentos domiciliares, com maior frequência para assistência às mulheres (51,72%). Observou-se que os atendimentos programados apresentaram frequências acima de 95%. No período avaliado, houve aumento de visitas domiciliares após o óbito do paciente. A modalidade de atendimento domiciliar 2 foi a mais prevalente nas regiões investigadas e, além disso, registra-se preponderância para a permanência de pacientes na atenção domiciliar. Em Montes Claros, os atendimentos com desfecho urgência/emergência (0,05%), internação hospitalar (0,09%), alta administrativa/clínica (0,26%) e óbito (0,45%) foram baixos. Conclusão: De modo significativo, os atendimentos foram majoritariamente programados, sugerindo planejamento de ações em saúde em Minas Gerais. A necessidade de permanecer na AD implica em baixos índices para alta clínica/administrativa, o que pode impactar na resolubilidade do sistema de saúde.
CARACTERÍSTICAS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICAS, EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS E MANIFESTAÇÕES CLÍNICAS DA COVID-19 EM PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM:
Authors: MELO DA SILVA WESLEI , Da Silva de Sousa Giana Gislanne , Maia Pascoal Lívia , Gomes Nogueira Ferreira Adriana , Tavares Palmeira Rolim Isaura Leticia , Santos Neto Marcelino
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Sumarizar evidências relativas às características sociodemográficas e epidemiológicas e às manifestações clínicas da COVID-19 nos profissionais de enfermagem no âmbito mundial. Método: Revisão integrativa realizada entre maio e novembro de 2021, nas plataformas e bases de dados PubMed®, SciELO, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs e BDENF. Questionou-se: “Quais os achados disponíveis na literatura acerca das características sociodemográficas e epidemiológicas e das manifestações clínicas da COVID-19 em profissionais de enfermagem no mundo?" Resultados: Foram inclusos 10 artigos, oito realizados no Brasil, um na Espanha e um em nível mundial. Houve prevalência entre técnicos, com preponderância do sexo feminino e maior risco de adoecimento aos profissionais entre 31 e 40 anos e de morte aos com idade acima dos 41 anos. As maiores taxas de letalidade entre os homens. Conclusões: Tais achados reforçam a necessidade de mais atenção à saúde desses profissionais e avaliação das estratégias adotadas no enfrentamento da doença, preservando a vida de quem exerce a arte de cuidar e evitando o estrangulamento dos serviços de saúde.
Pelatihan Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Bagi Guru dan Sosialisasi Pembuatan Alat Peraga Fisika
Authors: SIANTURI HERY LEO
Published: March 2023

Kemampuan guru-guru SMP dalam penelitian tindakan kelas dan penulisan karya ilmiah masih sangat terbatas, terutama di kota Kupang, khususnya di SMP Negeri 15 Kota Kupang. Hal ini akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam proses belajar mengajar dalam rangka meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa dan kenaikan pangkat/ golongannya, karena salah satu syarat untuk bisa naik pangkat/ golongan setidaknya seorang guru harus mampu menulis karya ilmiah dengan baik dan benar. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam penelitian tindakan kelas dan penulisan karya ilmiah dilakukan pelatihan tentang penelitian tindakan kelas dan penulisan karya ilmiah. Peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa tidak hanya ditentukan oleh guru, tetapi juga oleh siswa itu sendiri. Peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa bisa dilakukan dengan melibatkan siswa secara aktif dalam pembelajaran, yang salah satunya adalah melibatkan siswa secara aktif dalam pembuatan praktikum fisika sederhana dengan menggunakan barang-barang bekas yang ada di sekitar rumah dan sekolah.
Pengantar Ekonomi Makro Syariah
Authors: Waasi Nur
Published: March 2023

Macroeconomics is a branch of economics which is concerned with the overall performance of the economy (Samuelson & Nordhaus).Ilmu yang mempelajari mekanisme bekerjanya perekonomian secara keseluruhan (agregatif).
An examination of the factors that influence consumer attitude in online shopping
Authors: Zam Milad , Ramezanian Hasan
Published: March 2023

The majority of client purchases are influenced by their evaluation of the product's advantages, disadvantages, and emotional components. Psychology and marketing studies have shown that different stages of the purchasing process require the involvement of customer emotions. The objective of the current study is to pinpoint the elements and variables that might affect consumers' feelings when they purchase high-end cosmetics. A qualitative study employing in-depth semi-structured interviews with 23 users of high-end cosmetics and health products in Telegram groups was initially carried out in order to discover the many components of client emotions. Many client emotional dimensions were uncovered as a result of this inquiry, along with a list of factors that could act as emotional antecedents in the target audience. Based on group consensus, the following step is to identify the variables impacting customer sentiments. The panel at this time consisted of 15 experts and professionals in marketing, psychology, companies importing luxury cosmetics and hygiene items that are active on online networks, and managers of luxury cosmetics and hygiene groups in online spaces. The consensus of experts was reached in three steps, and 36 factors impacting customers' emotions were discovered and assessed based on their applicability or perceived strength in the eyes of the experts. Individual variables, group and product variables, and situational variables were then separated into three groups.
Stress Proliferation in Ethnoracial Disparities of Mental Health among U.S. Sexual Minority Adults
Authors: Liu Qimin
Published: March 2023

Objective: Nonwhite sexual minorities experience disproportionate adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and adulthood discrimination and distress, as compared to their White or heterosexual counterparts. These stressors lead to increased psychological distress and clinical outcomes, including suicidality. Minority stress theory posits that systemic marginalization, as experienced by minority individuals, leads to distress. Intersectionality theory suggests that marginalization compounds over time for individuals with intersectional minority identities. Yet the mechanisms underlying the stress proliferation process for individuals with intersectional minority identities remain largely unexamined. Method: The current study used a nationally representative dataset of sexual minority individuals (n = 1518, mean age = 31 years, ethnoracial minority = 38.7%, female and gender minority = 50.6%) to investigate the relations among ethnoracial minoritization, ACEs, discrimination, distress, and self-injurious/suicidal outcomes. We proposed a novel integration of minority stress, intersectionality, and stress proliferation theories. Via longitudinal mediation, we tested models of stress persistence, stress accumulation, and stress sensitization. Results: Our results confirmed disparities between White versus nonwhite sexual minorities on ACEs, discrimination experiences, and psychological distress. We found support for the stress persistence and the stress accumulation models, but not the stress sensitization model. Lastly, we found distress and discrimination were associated with future non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors and suicidal outcomes, highlighting the deleterious consequences of intersectional minority stress proliferation.Conclusion: Our results support our proposed theory of intersectional minority stress proliferation where ethnoracial and sexual minoritization intersect and beget disproportionate ACEs, which in turn contribute to accumulation and persistence of psychological distress and discrimination experiences in adulthood.
Current Status of Open Science and Statistical Analysis in The Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology: Consideration From the Severe Testing Perspective
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuhiro
Published: March 2023

This study reviewed 28 research papers published in The Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, from issue 3 of volume 69 to issue 2 of volume 70, to assess new research practices such as pre-registration, the use of the Open Science Framework, and statistical methods, including Bayesian methods. The results indicated that the new research practices were not pervasive in this journal. We also discussed new research practices and statistical methods from the severe testing perspective. In addition, a confidence curve was explained to visualize the results of statistical hypothesis testing. Finally, based on the insights from our results, several approaches were proposed to improve these new research practices and statistical analyses.
Associations between Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) and non-visual perceptual disturbances
Authors: McConnell Anneliese , He Wei , McConnell Harry , Sowman Paul F.
Published: March 2023

Background:Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder (HPPD) is a condition where the effects of hallucinogenic drugs reoccur long after the acute effects have stopped. No established risk factors or mechanisms for HPPD have been identified. However, reports have suggested a risk phenotype for HPPD due to associations with other perceptual disturbances. With the recent increase in therapeutic psychedelic drug use, it is essential to consider the existence of HPPD risk factors. Therefore, exploring potential links between HPPD and other perceptual disturbances, such as tinnitus and migraine with aura, is a necessary first step. This study aimed to investigate the association between HPPD and other perceptual disorders.Methods:One hundred thirty-eight individuals with HPPD and 116 controls participated in a survey that assessed the prevalence of various perceptual disturbances, including photosensitivity, phonosensitivity, tinnitus, migraine with aura, vertigo, paraesthesia, and synaesthesia.Results:The survey results showed a significant association between HPPD and photosensitivity (OR=10.65), phonosensitivity (OR=8.00), and the number of perceptual disturbances (OR=1.59) in the HPPD group compared to the control group. The study also observed trends of dual prevalence between HPPD and tinnitus, migraine with aura, vertigo, paraesthesia, and synaesthesia. Participants with both HPPD and other perceptual disturbances were likelier to experience additional perceptual disturbances after the onset of HPPD.Conclusions:These findings suggest a common vulnerability or pathophysiological mechanism among these perceptual disturbances. Given the increasing therapeutic use of hallucinogens, the results of this study provide essential considerations for HPPD risk profiles. Moreover, they may guide future investigations into the pathophysiology and management options for HPPD.
The Diverse Lives of Singles: A More Inclusive Perspective on Singlehood
Authors: Girme Yuthika , Park Yoobin , MacDonald Geoff
Published: March 2023

Single people represent a diverse group of individuals; some happy, some not. This article represents a rejoinder to a recent review by Dr. Bella DePaulo of our singlehood review paper. Having our work reflected back to us from that perspective was useful for clarifying our own positions and values in approaching singlehood research, and we wanted to write this essay to clarify points of disagreement and be explicit about our own vision for an emerging science of singlehood.
Socio-economic and Environmental Impact of Ecotourism in Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Naniram
Published: March 2023

Nepal is very rich in terms of its natural beauty and cultural diversity which have provided an enormous opportunity for tourism. Past literature works show that ecotourism helps enhance conservation of natural resources and biodiversity, preserve local cultures and alleviate poverty through an ethical and responsible approach of development. Acknowledging its potential benefits, Nepal has promoted ecotourism as a strategy to attract foreign capital particularly based on indigenous culture, heritage and environmental resources. However, ecotourism has demonstrated its shortcomings. Hence, this paper aimed to critically review the impact of eco-tourism on socio-economic and environmental aspects in Nepal. Based on the review of the various related literatures, this study concluded that ecotourism is crucial for natural resource management, biodiversity conservation, and increase in greenery in Nepal. It is a major contributor to the Nepalese economy, economic development and poverty alleviation. Its contribution to rural development, agricultural transformation, community enrichment and social empowerment is significant. However, it also consumes scarce resources, produces wastes, requires specific infrastructure, and increase pollution, and is likely to increase alcoholism, and create adverse impact on local traditional cultures and make local lifestyle vulnerable to Western influence.
Causal Claims in Contribution Analysis
Authors: Palenberg Markus A.
Published: March 2023

This article is a tribute to John Mayne’s work on Contribution Analysis. It focuses on the causal claims Contribution Analysis aims to address, and on how these have evolved since the approach was first published by John in 1999. It first sets out four types of causality with relevance for Contribution Analysis: counterfactual, generative, INUS, and probabilistic causation. It then describes how John integrated the INUS condition and probabilistic elements into the Contribution Analysis approach, followed by how John’s thinking evolved regarding the question of whether the approach could—and should—also address counterfactual questions. The article concludes with observations on how Contribution Analysis can flexibly integrate elements from different causality types.
Enduring Themes in John Mayne’s Work: Implications for Evaluation Practice
Authors: McDavid Jim
Published: March 2023

This paper focuses on three enduring themes in John Mayne’s work. They are causality; balancing learning and accountability as meta-objectives for evaluations; and program complexity. These themes are all central in his development and elaboration of contribution analysis. Although his work was aimed at practitioners, over time, the sophistication of his approach to evaluation raises challenges for practitioners, particularly given the structure of the evaluation field. The paper concludes with a suggestion to make contribution analysis more accessible, taking advantage of the work done by contributors to the Checklist Project at the University of Western Michigan.
John Mayne’s Contribution to Results-Based Management Thinking: A Leadership Legacy
Authors: Nielsen Steffen Bohni , Montague Steve
Published: March 2023

John Mayne wrote extensively on results-based management. While his thinking evolved, some key tenets remained. He emphasized the importance of leadership in managing for results. In this article, we elicit his understanding of sound results-based management and the role of leadership. Mayne argued that a salient task for leaders was building and sustaining an evaluative culture, wherein the organization uses and learns from performance information. The authors analyzed his recommendations for leaders and grouped them into four different types of leadership roles. These roles concern setting a results course of expectations, managing operations, managing change, and managing people and systems.
John Mayne’s Contribution to Performance Audit
Authors: Barrados Maria
Published: March 2023

John Mayne brought the results orientation and thinking from evaluation to performance audit. During his time at the Office of the Auditor General of Canada he developed frameworks and applications for a federal government environment, the details of which are discussed in this article. His time at the OAG was highly productive for John personally, for the Office, and the public service.
Cost-Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Services for Chronic Condition Management: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluations Conducted Alongside Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Smith-Turchyn Jenna , Richardson Julie , Sinclair Susanne , Xu Ying , Choo Silvana , Gravesande Janelle , Lai Aiping , Letts Elyse , Masrur Muhib , Morgan Ashley , Petrusevski Celeste , Edward Holly , Xie Feng
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

To determine the cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy (PT) to manage individuals with chronic conditions.

Method:

Design: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Eligibility: RCTs with adult participants diagnosed with ≥1 chronic condition, an intervention delivered or supervised by a physiotherapist, including an economic evaluation of the intervention provided. Procedure: Eight databases were searched. Title/abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction were performed in duplicate. The quality of included studies was assessed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Assessment 2.0.

Results:

Fifty-three articles were included in this review. Fifteen compared PT to no PT; 38 compared novel PT to conventional PT. Of the studies comparing PT to no PT, 53% found PT to be cost-effective. Of the studies comparing novel to conventional PT, 55% found novel interventions were cost-effective. Overall, PT was cost-effective in most studies related to arthritis, chronic low back pain, and chronic neck pain. The heterogeneity of study characteristics limited the ability to perform a meta-analysis.

Conclusions:

Over half of included studies reported PT to be cost-effective. Future high quality RCTs performing rigorous economic evaluations are needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of different interventions delivered or supervised by a PT to prevent disability for those with chronic conditions.
Patient-Reported Experiences of Musculoskeletal Virtual Care Delivered by Advanced Practice Physiotherapists
Authors: Soever Leslie , Courchene Andrew , Correale Marcia , Gotal Tamara , Alvares Marsha , May Emily , Veillette Christian , Rampersaud Yoga Raja
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

To better understand patients’ perspectives on virtual care (VC) delivered by advanced practice physiotherapists (APPs) for hip/knee, foot/ankle, shoulder/elbow, and low back related symptoms.

Method:

A patient satisfaction questionnaire was developed and distributed electronically to all patients seen by APPs from August 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021. The questionnaire contained quantitative items using a 5-point Likert scale and open-ended questions that yielded qualitative findings. Descriptive statistics were applied to the quantitative data. Qualitative findings were analyzed using a qualitative description approach to identify recurrent themes.

Results:

Response rate was 74% (374/505) across all clinics. Videoconference was the most common delivery method (91.7%). Overall satisfaction with VC was very high (4.7–4.8/5). Emergent qualitative themes were related to Personal Connection; Preparatory Materials; Virtual Physical Examination; Practical Advantages of VC; Virtual Waiting Room; and Technical Issues.

Conclusions:

Overall, across several facets including personal connection, patient experience with VC for a variety of musculoskeletal conditions was rated high. Clinically, a systematic approach to the physical examination with preparatory patient education materials was key to positive patient experience.
Are Tax Credits Effective in Developing Countries? The Recent Uruguayan
Experience
Authors: Llambí Cecilia , Rius Andrés , Carbajal Fedora , Carrasco Paula , Cazulo Paola
Published: March 2023

Investment promotion through tax incentives has been a key component of the growth
strategies pursued in Uruguay by the last three administrations. A new regime was
established, regulated by Executive Decree 455, which implemented a major overhaul in
the main channel for subsidizing investment. This regime immediately generated a battery
of researchable questions about its effectiveness and efficiency. Using a large data
set, first put together for this study from firm-level administrative records kept by
the tax collection and pensions institutes between 2005 and 2011, we test the hypotheses
of significant and positive effects of obtaining a tax credit through the new regime on
investment and employment outcomes. A matched difference-in-differences strategy
confirms that the promotion regime introduced in 2008 had a statistically significant
effect on the firms’ rate of investment (around 11 percent), while the effects on
employment growth rate were more ambiguous. These findings are buttressed by several
robustness tests. Further probing uncovers heterogeneity along the promotion timeline,
with the greatest effect on the investment rate occurring in a project’s first
year.
 
JEL Codes: H25, D04, H32
The Micro-D Classification: A New Approach to Identifying Differentiated
Exports
Authors: Bernini Federico , González Julia , Hallak Juan Carlos , Vicondoa Alejandro
Published: March 2023

It is common to assess the evolution of a country’s export structure as a
manifestation of the extent of progress or stagnation in its development process.
Performing this exercise requires determining which features of exported products denote
higher stages in that process. We argue that exports of differentiated products,
especially when sold to developed countries, signal the acquisition of valuable
knowledge that reflects development progress. We propose a new classification, denoted
Micro-D, that works at the finest aggregation level in customs nomenclatures to provide
a more precise identification of differentiated products. Specifically, the
classification uses package size as a proxy for product differentiation to identify
differentiated food and beverage exports. Thus, it is especially—though not
exclusively—suited to capturing export upgrading in land-abundant developing countries.
We apply the Micro-D classification to Argentina in 1998–2011 to deliver a new picture
of the country’s sources of export upgrading in this period.
 
JEL Codes: F10,
F14, O14
When Do Governments Improve Fiscal Institutions? Lessons from Financial Crisis and
Fiscal Reform in Latin America
Authors: Hallerberg Mark , Scartascini Carlos
Published: March 2023

Do crises really lead to more institutional reforms? This paper explores the
connection between financial crises and one type of reform frequently advocated during
the recent global financial crisis, namely, fiscal institutional reforms. Some authors
expect that crises lead to reforms, but we demonstrate that the relationship is not so
straightforward. Using a data set of Latin American countries that experienced several
crises and also several periods of reform in the period from 1990 to 2005, we find that
the type of crisis and its duration matter. We argue that reforms are less likely during
a banking crisis, whereas fiscal crises are most likely to lead to fiscal reforms. This
means that the type of economic crisis is important for explaining the likelihood of
reforms. We explore other possible explanations for reform, such as the partisanship of
the president and whether a country is under an IMF program, and do not find confirming
evidence for alternative explanations.
 
JEL Classification: D72, H12, H62,
H63.
The Antecedents and Aftermath of Financial Crises as Told by Carlos F.
Díaz-Alejandro
Authors: Reinhart Carmen M.
Published: March 2023

Some of the best-known papers of Carlos F. Díaz-Alejandro were about Latin
America’s crises in the 1980s and 1930s. I show data, figures, and evidence about the
crises in the advanced economies thirty years later that fit the same narrative. His
unadulterated words aptly describe modern problems across geographical borders and, in
this case, income levels. This attests to his timeless insight and understanding.
Because some of the observations he made have general applicability to the study of
recurring patterns across crises, I have taken the liberty to label these lessons. These
are primarily lessons about what to avoid.
JEL Classification: B26, E5, E6, F3,
G01
Socialización escolar y experiencia subjetiva de la desigualdad. Una aproximación teórica
Authors: De la Torre Díaz Alejandra
Published: March 2023

En este artículo se presenta una propuesta de abordaje teórico para el análisis de las desigualdades sociales mediante las nociones de socialización y experiencia subjetiva desde la sociología comprensiva y la perspectiva fenomenológica de Alfred Schutz. La intención es destacar la dimensión subjetiva en el fenómeno de la desigualdad, que se refiere a la naturalización que ocurre a través de las categorías mentales que se usan para mirar y construir el mundo social, y que resulta un aspecto que se suma fuertemente a los condicionamientos estructurales de este problema. En particular, se propone estudiar este fenómeno en el contexto de la socialización escolar en la escuela secundaria, dado que representa un periodo de vida particular en el que los adolescentes se apropian de categorías identitarias y en relación con el orden social en el que se desenvuelven. Los resultados, desde dicho abordaje, proponen rescatar el papel de la institución educativa en la incorporación subjetiva de este problema y, con ello, atender las prácticas escolares y sus efectos objetivos sobre las vidas del estudiantado.