bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey of Wood-Decaying Fungi from Vaijapur Taluka,Aurangabad (M.S.) India
Authors: Vasant Pandit Mali Vijay Udhav Gore
Published: September 2021

The survey and collection of wood-decaying fungi were carried from Vaijapur Taluka, Aurangabad (M.S.) India. Thirty-seven wood-decaying fungi were collected from July 2016 to November 2019 after a regular interval, 20 to 25 days after heavy rainfall. From that eleven different genus and twelve species of macro-fungi were identified according to morphological and microscopic features. Based on observations the Auricularia mesenterica, Flavodon flavus, Phellinus badius and Schizophyllum commune are dominating macrofungi while Cellulariella acuta, Daldinia concentric, Funalia floccosa, Ganoderma lucidum, Leucocoprinus cepistipes, Phellinus gilvus, Trametes cingulata and Xylaria polymorpha were rarely observed macro-fungi.
Job Perception and Satisfaction Level of Lady Village Agricultural Workers with their Assigned Job in the Coastal Districts of Odisha
Authors: B. Parasar Swatee Prangya , Isha Anandita Sahoo S. K. Mishra
Published: September 2021

A study entitled “Job Perception and Satisfaction level of Lady Village Agricultural Workers with their assigned job in the Coastal Districts of Odisha” was conducted in all the five coastal districts of Odisha covering 80 number of respondent LVAWs selected for the purpose following Ex-post-facto research design. Data were collected through mailed questionnaire during 2020 followed by statistical analysis with the help of frequency, percentage, mean score, standard deviation and rank order. The major findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondent LVAWs were at medium level of perception about their job, i.e., 75% at medium level followed by 15% at low level and 10% at high level of job perception. After statistical analysis of the data collected with respect to job satisfaction level of LVAWs, the findings indicated that majority i.e., up to the extent of 62.5% were at medium level of job satisfaction followed by 20% at low level and 17.5% were at high level of job satisfaction.
A Study to Compare the Production and Productivity of Rice Crop Between the BGREI Beneficiary Farmers and Non-Beneficiary Farmers in Odisha
Authors: Jena Anannya
Published: September 2021

India is marching ahead to face the enormous triple challenges of sustainable increased agriculture and allied sector productivity, maintaining environmental sustainability and mitigating poverty. More than 70% rural households depend on agriculture and the contribution of Agriculture and allied sectors to total GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is 17%. The agriculture and allied sector not only meet the food and nutritional requirements of 1.3 billion Indian, it contributes significantly to production, employment and demand generation through various backward and forward linkage. To extend the benefit of first green revolution (1966-67) and to reduce the yield gap Bringing Green Revolution in Eastern India programme was launched under RKVY (Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana) in 2010-11 comprising seven states namely Bihar, Eastern UP, Jharkhand, Odisha, Assam, Chhatisgarh and West Bengal. There was a need for a second green revolution to feed the growing population. The present study was conducted during 2020-21 in two blocks namely Jamankira and Jujomura in Sambalpur district of Odisha to compare the production and productivity of rice crop between the BGREI beneficiary and non beneficiary farmers. During 2012-13 and 2013-14, the BGREI programme was extended to 22 districts of Odisha and National Rice Research Institute (previously CRRI), Cuttack, Odisha is the nodal agency to guide, supervise, monitor and supervise technical interventions. BGREI consists of the following interventions such as (i) Block demonstration (ii) Asset building (iii) Site specific activities (iv) Marketing support including post harvest management (v) Seed production and distribution (vi) Subsidy on need based inputs (vii) Training programme on cropping system based demonstration etc.
Study on Preparation of Pomegranate Jam Fortified with Extracts of Some Horticultural Plants
Authors: Pooja Upasana Bhanj Manideepa Roy , Ankan Das Sipra Mohapatra
Published: September 2021

Pomegranate fruits are very beneficial to us and if some processed thing can be developed from it, further enhanced with extracts of important horticultural plants than it can be additionally more useful to us. Therefore, keeping this thing in mind, the work was undertaken. In the present experiment fortified pomegranate jam was prepared and analyzed. The preparation of jam, by adding extract of beneficial horticultural plants along with specified concentration of pectin and sodium benzoate was done with continuous stirring while heating. The extracts used for fortification of the jam were taken from mint, coriander, green tea, coffee and basil. Overall there were six treatments including the control. After preparation of the fortified pomegranate jam, they were stored in glass bottle in refrigerated condition. All the treatments were replicated three times and Completely Randomized Design was used for statistical analysis. Attributes were studied in the laboratory at different days of storage interval. From the total experiment it was obtained that the pomegranate jam fortified with coriander seed and basil extract were the best which was followed by green tea extract as fortifying agent, as they showed good results.
A Retrospective Study of COVID-19 Cases Based on Age and Gender in Patient’s Visiting Tertiary Care Centre, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Tezpur, Assam
Authors: Samrat Biswas Syed Tanwir Alam , Sonuwara Begum Kalpana Bezborah , Saurav Phukan Mihirjyoti Pathak , Kaushik Das Pitambar Baishya , Sanjay Sarkar Jasbeer Singh Roy , Miranda Khuttiya Simi Borah
Published: September 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is also called COVID-19 has affected millions of people globally and has led to unprecedented disruptions to health systems, as well as affected individuals social, economic and psychological lives very badly. The present study was an attempt to address the association between age and gender among positive COVID-19 cases and also to discuss the possible reasons for the variation among age categories and gender. This was a retrospective based study. Samples were collected in Viral Transport Media and sent to the testing laboratory for confirmation by nucleic acid–based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data regarding patients’ details were collected in the hospital facility. A total of 1,11,379 (Assam - 1,08,836 and Arunachal Pradesh-2543) samples were collected from patient’s and tested for COVID-19 (April to December 2020). During this period a total of 2,600 positive cases were detected at the laboratory from Assam (n= 2,480, 95.38%) and Arunachal Pradesh (n= 120, 4.62%) respectively. Males (n=2106, 81%) was affected more than females (n= 494, 19%). In both male & female the age group which was affected the most was between 20-29 yrs and 30-39 yrs. Month wise distribution of the positive COVID-19 cases showed maximum spike in the month of August (n=902). Early diagnosis by real time PCR has helped in the identification of the pathogen in individuals at an early stage, which has facilitated the containment of positive cases.
Immunomodulation of Domestic Animals Using Conventional Methods and Panchgavya
Authors: Aarti Adhikari Rinkal Sundriyal , Chaudhary Siddharth
Published: September 2021

With increase in the prevalence of diseases mainly the new emerging diseases, finding a cure is like dodging a bullet. Not only this, but the new world also has to fight against emerging drug resistance among pathogens. Overall, the possibility of survival not only depends on combating the diseases by using expensive resources but it now relies more on immunity building. This fact is applicable in the livestock sector as well. The farmer's economy mainly depends upon the production performance of his livestocks. Also, maximum part of his earnings spends on the feed, fodder, feed additives and other production enhancing drugs. But a single sick animal can disturb the entire planning of a small farmer. Hence the main objective of this article is to focus on the herbal ways that could help in the immunomodulation of livestock and thus conserving both time and money of the farmers. Many villagers of India use their heritage and knowledge to defeat the diseases and enhance the productivity of their livestock. On other side, Panchgavya came like a missile against the body ailments of humans. Research product of algae and their use as immunomodulators and production enhancers is now available as a boon in the market. But still there is a lot to search. Overall, relying totally on the drugs for relief, creates loss both in terms of animal health, productivity and farmer's economy. So, prevention via immunomodulators is the best weapon to make our animals healthy and to be wealthy.
Evaluation of Botanicals of Invasive Plant Species and Fungicides against Fungal Pathogens of Forest Nursery
Authors: Akshit K. Lohan Ranjana Juwantha , Jalaj Saxena Mohit Singh Bisht , Kapoor Pooja
Published: September 2021

Investigation of plants that possess natural antimicrobial substances for plant protection has been recognized as a promising disease management strategy. Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Macrophomina spp., and Pestalotiopsis spp. isolated from diverse hosts such as Azadirachta indica, Melia dubia, Saraca indica and Quercus leucotrichophora produce important diseases in forest nurseries such as leaf blight, leaf spot, and wilt. In this study, botanicals from two invasive plant species, Ageratina adenophora and Ageratum conyzoides, were prepared and tested against plant diseases. Two botanicals (Methanolic extract obtained from the leaves of these two invasive species) and two fungicides were evaluated for their fungal growth inhibitory effects. At 1.5 percent concentration, the methanolic extract of Ageratina adenophora was found highly effective, inhibiting the growth of Macrophomina spp., (71.94%) followed by Pestalotiopsis spp. (70.20%), Alternaria alternate (51.92%) and Fusarium solani (47.03%). Whereas, Systemic chemical fungicide Thiophanate methylat 1.5% concentration showed maximum mycelial growth inhibition of Alternaria alternata (77.20%) and Macrophomina spp. (82.43%) and being deadlier to Pestalotiopsis spp. (100%) and Fusarium solani (100%). Their comparative analysis showed that higher doses of Ageratina adenophora caused either more or almost equal pathogen growth inhibition than lower doses of Chlorothalonil for certain fungi. Thus, promoting eco-friendly disease management strategies such as botanical control would be beneficial in reducing the need for pesticides.
Isolation and Study of Biodegradation Capability of Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria from Industrial Waste Lubrication Oil Contaminated Sites
Authors: A. Kishore Babu G. Lakshmi
Published: September 2021

A research was carried out on Isolation and study of biodegradation capability of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria from industrial waste lubricant oil contaminated sites. 12 different bacterial cultures are isolated from the soil samples collected from liquid effluent dump site of black galaxy granite, chimakurthy, prakasam Dist, and auto motive lubrication oil replacement garages, Auto Nagar, Vijayawada. Among the 12isolates 10 isolates were found to have capability of degrading used industrial lubrication oil VG 320 collected from NSL textiles LTD, Guntur. Among the isolates tested the isolate no BG4 obtained from liquid effluent dump site gave the maximum biodegradation potential of 18.78mm2followed by BG7 of 15.36, BG1 of 14.07and BG8 of 10.56 mm2 and the isolate no AL1 from automotive lubrication oil replacement garage soil sample found to be 9.03mm2 degradation potential. These isolates were identified based on physical and biochemical characters as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Proteus, Flavobacterium and Enterococcussps respectively. For the future, our study will be focused on several data like the species of isolates, the optimal activity of isolates to degrade several Industrial lubricant oils.
Estimation of Character Association among Yield Attributing Traits in Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
Authors: G. R. Lavanya Gitesh Padol , Kurandale Rohini
Published: September 2021

Twenty one mungbean (Vigna radiate L.Wilczek) genotype were evaluated for the estimation of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient, and path coefficient analysis for yield and its component traits. A considerable amount of genetic variability was observed among all the genotypes for all the character under study. GCV and PCV were highest for number of primary branches per plant, followed by 100 seed weight and number of clusters per plant. High genetic advance coupled with high heritability were observed 100 seed weight followed by number of clusters per plant, plant height and number of primary branches per plant. Combined results of correlation coefficient and path analysis revealed that number of primary branches per plant, 100 seed weight, biological yield and harvest index are major component traits for the improvement of grain yield.
Anthropometric and Nutritional Status of Adolescent Students in Bihar
Authors: Mukul Sinha Swiny Sandhvi
Published: September 2021

Anthropometrics can be a sensitive indicator of health, growth and development in infants and children. Measurement of height, weight and nutrient intake are the reliable means to evaluate the nutritional status and it is very much in need. Nutritional status of a sample of 120 adolescent respondents, from Samastipur, district of Bihar were evaluated by anthropometric measurement & nutrient intake. The correlation coefficient between protein and government school adolescent weight (r=0.280) was significantly positive but height and BMI was not significant. The correlation coefficient between protein and private school adolescent weight (r=0.542) and BMI (r=0.500) was positively correlated and highly significant while height was not significant. The correlation coefficient of iron with height, weight and BMI of government school adolescent was not significant. But in private school correlation coefficient of iron with weight (r=0.448) and BMI(r=0.421) was positive and highly significant. Therefore this study suggests that the Anthropometric assessment and nutritional intake of adolescent students in Bihar should further be done for coming to a conclusion.
Impact of Macronutrients and Micronutrients on Soil Health Nutrients Concentration and Uptake by Maize (Zea mays L)
Authors: U. Bapetel M. L. Bubarai , Mala A. Musa
Published: September 2021

At the SHUATS Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Research Farm, an experiment was conducted with the goal of determining the impact of application of macro and micronutrients, on soil health nutrients concentration and uptake by maize (Zea mays L). The experiment was put up based on this over a two-year period, beginning with the 2017 and 2018 cropping periods. Crbd was used as the experimental technique and it was replicated thrice with the following treatments combinations, NPK @ 50 and 100kgha -1, while for the micronutrients (Boron, Zinc and Copper) three levels of combination were used 0.3, 6 and 9kgha-1. The research project's findings showed all the determinants of soil health like soil reaction organic matter among others are at levels suitable for nutrients actions and plant growth, while plant parameters like maize cob diameter, dry matter, and nutrients concentrations in maize tissues have greatly improved. NPK @100kgha-1, Copper, Zinc, and Boron @ 9kgha-1 were the best treatment combinations with the best results. The above combinations of treatments will be suitable for the soils of that location based on the results of these studies.
Isolation and Characterization of Brassicasterol from N-Hexane Fraction of Pometia pinnata and its Toxicity Test
Authors: Adlis Santoni Yoan De Nanda Herru , Efdi Mai
Published: September 2021

Pometia pinnata leaves were extracted and fractionated using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The four fractions obtained were screened for cytotoxic testing using the Brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method, n-hexane fraction has the highest LC50 419,855 mg/L.The n-hexane fraction was continued for the isolation stage and a secondary metabolite compound was obtained, namely brassicasterol. The structure of this secondary metabolites was determined using spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR).
Biodegradable Sheet from Chitosan and Arrowroot Starch by Compression Moulding and its Properties
Authors: Genitha Immanuel Abhirup Mitra
Published: September 2021

This research work entitled preparation and properties evaluation of biodegradable sheet from arrowroot starch and chitosan. It was carried out through compression moulding method by using Arrowroot starch, Chitosan, Glycerol, Citric acid, water. Functional properties like Tensile strength, Elongation at break (%), biodegradability were evaluated. There were two treatments T1 and T2 with varying composition of arrowroot starch and chitosan. Tensile strength was observed as 4.80MPA (T1) and 3.74 MPA (T2). Elongation at break % was 155.6% (T1) and 203.3% (T2). Soil burial method was used for evaluation of biodegradability of sheet. T2 had better percentage of decomposition in 30 days. The biodegradable sheet can be used for various packaging applications and safety to environment as they are biodegradable.
Determination of Vancomycin and Linezolid Resistance Among Staphylococcal Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: D. Venkatesha R. Shakthi
Published: September 2021

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as one of the commonest causes of hospital acquired infections. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of MRSA. Increase in Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Vancomycin has been observed in both Methicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcal isolates. In critically ill patients, Vancomycin has become a poor therapeutic antibiotic whereas; Linezolid has emerged as an alternative drug in treating such patients. This study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity pattern among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to Vancomycin and Linezolid, in order to formulate a better treatment.100 S. aureuswere isolated from various clinical specimens. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and MICs of Vancomycin and Linezolid were determined by E-test following CLSI guidelines. Out of 100 S. aureus isolated, 68 were MRSA strains. Among 68 strains of MRSA for which MIC levels of Vancomycin 4 µg/ml, 2µg/ml and 1 µg/ml were 4, 27, and 37 respectively. Similarly, out of total MRSA strains MIC levels of Linezolid 4 µg/ml, 2µg/ml and 1 µg/ml were 1, 25, and 42 respectively. All 100 strains showed similar in-vitro efficacy for Vancomycin and Linezolid by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, but the number of strains with higher ranges of MICs of Vancomycin were more as compared to those which had higher ranges of MICs for Linezolid. Hence we suggest that Linezolid can be used as an alternative for the treatment of MRSA.
Microbiological Analysis of Tucumã Pulp (Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer) Commercialized at Fairs in the City of Manaus
Authors: Rherysonn Pantoja de Jesus Luana Lopes Casas , Pedro de Queiroz Costa Neto Lucas Nascimento de Almeida , Moreira Corrêa Samaroni Adilson
Published: September 2021

The tucumanzeiro is a palm tree of the Arecaceae family, and Astrocaryum aculeatum is the best known and most appreciated species. The fruit called tucumã has a significant cultural and economic value, and despite being widely consumed, the pulp of this fruit has a relatively short shelf life. At fairs, it is possible to see the pulp being stored inappropriately, contributing to the proliferation of microorganisms. Given the importance of this fruit for local trade, this study aimed to investigate the microbiological profile of tucumã pulp sold in the main fairs in Manaus. The pulps were obtained from 18 points of sale divided between the six zones of the city. The samples were placed in a thermal box and submitted to microbiological analysis. The microorganisms evaluated were coliforms (AOAC 991.14), Escherichia coli (AOAC 991.14), Salmonella spp. (ISO 6579), molds and yeasts (APHA 21:2015) in triplicate. The results showed that 13 samples showed coliform growth with amounts ranging from 6.4x10 to 1.2x104 CFU/g. Regarding the amount of yeast, only three samples showed results above what is considered ideal for fruit pulps. Samples that showed growth for molds were within the permissible microbiological limits. None of the samples showed growth for E. coli and Salmonella spp.
Develop the Value Added Products and Sensory Evaluation of Proso Millet Fresh Products
Authors: Vishakha singh Swiny Sandhvi
Published: September 2021

Proso millet is a protein-rich grain that also contains minerals such as phosphorus and magnesium. The amount of phosphrous (206mg) and magnesium (153mg) in this millet is higher than in other millets. Processing such as soaking and roasting affects the mineral content and fibre, however it reduced anti-nutritional factors like phytate and tannin content. Many traditional Indian Recipes have been prepared from proso millet or blended with other cereal and legume flours to enhance the nutritional value and palatability. Development and value addition to proso millet incorporated fresh products like Proso millet chapati and kitchari. It can be concluded that sensory evaluation done on all the recipes revealed that Proso millet significantly improved their organoleptic evalutaion. Proso millet formulated chapati and kitchari was found rich in nutrients and its overall acceptability was also good.
Heterosis in Pearl Millet for Yield and Yield Attributing Characters
Authors: A. B. Bagade A. A. Madane , S. B. Pawar A. L. Suradkar
Published: September 2021

The experimental material comprised of thirty two crosses along with twelve parents (four lines and eight testers) and standard checks AHB 1200 Fe and AHB 1269. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with two replications. The observations were recorded on ten characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of effective tillers, earhead length, earhead head girth, downey mildew, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and fodder yield. The analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences among the parents and crosses for all the characters studied. Considering the heterosis ICMA 00888 X AUBI 15236, ICMA 00888 X AUBI 15157, ICMA 06777 X AUBI 15051 and ICMA 00888 X AUBI 15026 appeared to be the more promising hybrids for breeding.
Assessment of Minerals, Vitamins, Amino and Fatty Acids Components of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushrooms Cultivated and Sold in the Village of M'Badon (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Lêniféré Chantal Soro Jacques Mankambou Gnanwa , Nourou S. Yorou Jean Bedel Fagbohoun , Kouame Lucien Patrice
Published: September 2021

Mushroom cultivation has been started in Côte d’Ivoire. Awareness of the nutritional and medicinal importance of mushrooms is not extensive. In this study, the nutritional values of dietary mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus, that are very popular among the cultivated mushrooms in Côte d’Ivoire have been determined. The samples were obtained and analysed for proximate, mineral, vitamin, amino acids and fatty on dry weight basis using standard methods. These mushrooms were rich in minerals content (Cu= 36.35% ; Iron= 52.65 % ; Magnesium= 47.84 % ; Sodium= 14.50%) and contained a lower amount of calcium (9.85%), phosphorus, potassium, and zinc. We also note the presence of vitamin A (0.19%), vitamin C (17.48%) and those of group B (B1, B2, B3, B6 and B9). The amino acids contents ranged from 1.17% for alanine and lysine, 1.7 % for leucine and 0.07% to serine. The mushrooms are rich in lipid with the presence of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid. Data of this study suggest that mushrooms are rich in nutritional value.
Evaluation of Genetic Variability of Cryptococcus neoformans VNB Isolates
Authors: OseiYaw Nyarko Luísa Silva Nangi dos Santos , e Silva Leonardo Euripedes de Andrade
Published: September 2021

Phylogenetic analysis of pathogenic microorganisms contributes to better understanding the distribution of genotypes that may be specific of certain regions and maybe associated with an increased virulence or antifungal resistance. This study performed phylogenetic analysis of 105 Sequence Types (ST) described for the VNB genotype of Cryptococcus neoformans available on the MLST database in order to better understand this population structure. We found three main clusters, being Cluster 1 the largest with 83 STs and Cluster 2 the smallest with three STs. In general, the isolates presented high genetic variability with haplotype diversity (HD) of 0.998 and nucleotide diversity (π)of 0.00372.Results also demonstrated recombination events, although PHY test showed no significance (p=5.5511). These findings are important since they illustrate that a genotype previously restricted to Africa and now distributed worldwide presents high genetic variability, with potential impact in the development of increased virulence, antifungal resistance, among other factors.
A Clinical-Bacteriological Profile of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa at Tertiary Care Hospital Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Chaudhary Jitendra Kumar
Published: September 2021

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa is predominant agent causing nosocomial infections. In recent time, it develops resistance continuously to the antibiotics becomes Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. So, in cystic fibrosis patents it difficult to eradicate P. aeruginosa infections with antimicrobial treatment. Therefore, focus on alternative mechanisms for treating P. aeruginosa infections. On the basis of growth, morphological and biochemical characteristics, P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from the clinical samples in this work. After that the antibiotic sensitivity was performed and the Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified according to CLSI standard guideline chart by measuring the zone of inhibition for P. aeruginosa. The isolated strains showed resistance against three or more antibiotics, considered as MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By antibiogram pattern 51 showed Multi drug resistant strains out of 102 isolated strains. As P. aeruginosa abide to develop resistance to the antibiotics, the quorum sensing increased transcriptional regulator QscR might performs another target. Thus the prevalence of MDR strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated on current study. The antibiogram pattern revealed 51 MDR strains of P. aeruginosa. In which the majority of strains exhibited resistance towards Piperacillin (98%), Ciprofloxacin (90%), Ofloxacin (90%), Levofloxacin (80%) and Tobramycin (60%).
Influence of Intercropping on Larval Population of Chickpea Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Ram Subhag Singh Hari Prakash Namdev , Kushwaha Bharat Lal
Published: September 2021

A field experiment on influence of intercropping on the larval population of chickpea pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) in chickpea was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm of Brahmanand Post Graduate College, Rath, Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh during 2016-17 and 2019-20. In Bundelkhand agro-climatic region the activity of chickpea pod borer was observed from last week of December to last week of March while, its peak activity was noticed at 9th, 10th and 11th SMW in chickpea agro-ecosystem. The infestation of chickpea pod borer (H. armigera) larvae was started from last week of December when the crop was in vegetative growth stage. Thereafter, its population increase gradually to reach maximum (1.72 larvae/mrl) at 10th standard (first fortnight of March) after that its population declined gradually till the harvesting of the crop. The chickpea intercropped with safflower, mustard, linseed, barley and marigold had significant influence in reducing the larval population of chickpea pod borer (H. armigera). The chickpea intercropped with marigold (0.71larva/mrl) and mustard (0.75larva/mrl) was found the most effective in reducing the larval population of H. armigera. It was followed by chickpea + linseed, chickpea + barley and chickpea + safflower intercropping systems. The maximum population of chickpea pod borer was observed in chickpea sole crop (1.07larvae/mrl).
Diversity of Insect Pests and Ecofriendly Fauna Inhabiting Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Agro-Ecosystem in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Ram Subhag Singh Hari Prakash Namdev
Published: September 2021

An experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm of Brahmanand Post Graduate College, Rath, Hamirpur (U.P.) during 2016-17 and 2019-20 cropping season. In the Bundelkhand agro climatic region seventeen species of insect belonging to seven orders and twelve families were recorded from chickpea agro ecosystem. Among which six species from Lepidoptera, four species from hymenoptera, two species from coleoptera and odonata and one species from hemiptera, isoptera, and dyctyoptera were identified. On the basis of economic importance nine species were insect pests, five species were predators, two species were insect parasitoids and one species was insect pollinator. Among the nine species of insect pests, chickpea pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub. and gram cut worm, Agrotis ipsilon (Huf.) occurred regularly and chickpea pod borer was designated as a major pest while, gram cut worm infested with very low population density and considered as minor insect pest of chickpea. The five species of insect pest occurred occasionally i.e. armyworm, Mythmina separate (walker), tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fab), cow pea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch), termite, Odentotermes obesus (Rambur) and black flea beetle, Altica Species (unidentified species) were designated as minor pest of chickpea. While, two species namely, Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua (Walker) and beet armyworm, Spodoptera oxiqua (Hub) occurred intermittently in sporadic manner and designated as stray pest of chickpea. The eight species of insect’s ecofriendly fauna inhabiting chickpea agro ecosystem were observed, among which five species of predators, two species of parasitoids and one species of pollinators foraged on chickpea crop occasionally in very low population density. The maximum number of ecofriendly fauna was of the order hymenoptera, two species of parasitoids, one species of predators and pollinator i.e. Trichogrammatid wasp, Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii), ichneumonid wasp, Campoletis chloridae (Uchida), common yellow wasp, Vespa oreintalis (L.) and small honeybee, Apis floraea followed by odonata i.e. dragonfly, Croccothemis servielia (Drury) and damsel fly, Agriocnemis pygmiea (Rambur), coleoptera, rove beetle, Alleochara billienata and dyctyoptera, praying mantis, Mantis religiosa (L.).
Taluka Wise Study of Rainfall Pattern in Nanded District of Marthwada Region (Maharashtra) Using Rainfall Data
Authors: B. V. Asewar Ramesh Bethala , K. K. Dakhore M. S. Peneke , A. M. Khobragade M. G. Jadhav
Published: September 2021

About 60 per cent of the total cultivable area of the country is rainfed. However, prolonged dry periods affect the final crop production. Monsoon is an important season for water supplies, from surface reservoir. Uneven distribution of rainfall, affect the agricultural production remarkably. The daily rainfall data was collected for each taluka of Nanded district for the period of 20 years (1998-2017) and it was to be summed up on meteorological weekly, monthly, seasonally, annual basis for each taluka of Nanded district basis for the study of rainfall characterization. The results indicated that weekly mean annual basis total rainfall was ranged between 720.0 mm in Deglur and 1009.9 mm in Mahur. The weekly highest rainfall on annual basis was recorded in Himayat Nagar (53.7 mm) in the 30th MW amongst all the taluka considering monsoon period (23 to 42 MW). The monthly mean rainfall indicated that the lowest and highest monthly mean rainfall amongst all the taluka was observed in Nanded, Kandhar, Loha, Hadgaon, Bhokar, Kinwat, Mahur, Dharmabad, Ardhapur, Naigaon talukas (0.0 mm) in the December month and in the Mahur taluka (283.1 mm) in July month. The seasonal distribution of Nanded district was obtained in winter season (6.1 mm), in summer (15.5 mm), in monsoon (578.3 mm), in post monsoon (216.6 mm). The annual rainfall data is statistical analyzed for Nanded district and within the year and taluka to taluka ranged C.V. (%) were between 25.0 to 46.9 %. The data of taluka-wise annual normal of weather parameter (i.e. rainfall and rainy days) calculated. Here, the results indicated that the onset of monsoon was observed in 23th MW and withdrawal in 43rd MW in Nanded district. It showed that average rainfall of Nanded district is 816.4 mm with 45.0 rainy days per year. The results clearly indicated the onset of monsoon in 23th MW and withdrawal of monsoon in 43rd MW for the Nanded district should be considered. The statistical analysis for rainfall variability was worked out and it was intra-annual as well as intra-taluka variation in Nanded district. It was ranged between 19.0 to 51.0 per cent with annual mean 45.0 rainy days per year.
A Study on the Extent of Knowledge Gained and Adoption of Bio-Fertilizers and Bio-Pesticides by the Crop Growers of Keonjhar District in Odisha
Authors: Bibudha Parasar Isha Anindita Sahoo , Prangya Swatee
Published: September 2021

The study entitled “A study on the Extent of Knowledge Gained and Adoption of Bio fertilizers and bio pesticides by the Crop Growers of Keonjhar District in Odisha” was undertaken in 2020. For the purpose, ex-post-facto research designed was followed with snow-ball sampling technique for selection of respondents, random sampling technique for selection of villages and purposive sampling method was followed for selection of panchayat, block as well as the district, where 80 no. of respondents were selected for the purpose of the study. Data were collected with the help of interview schedule and the collected data were analyzed with the help of statistical measures like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, correlation co-efficient for flawless interpretation and drawing correct conclusion against the objectives set for the study. The major findings of the study revealed that (67.5%) i.e. majority of the respondents are at medium level of knowledge gain followed by (20%) with high level and only (12.5%) are at lower level of knowledge with regard of bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides. The next part, level of adoption of respondents with regard to bio-fertilizer and bio-pesticides which was assessed and it was found that majority to the extent of (77.5%) are at medium level of adoption in the context of bio-fertilizers whereas again majority of the respondent to the extent of (67.5%) are at medium level of adoption when bio-pesticides are concerned.
Sensitivity Analysis of CERES-Wheat Model under Hisar Conditions
Authors: Raj Singh M. K. Nayak , Surender Singh Anil Kumar , Patil Deepak
Published: September 2021

The field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Dept of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (Lat.: 290 10’ N, Log.: 75036’ E & 215.2 m above msl), Haryana, India during the rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16. Experimental designed laid out with strip plot, as main plot treatment: four growing environments i.e. D1: 5th Nov., D2: 20th Nov., D3: 5th Dec. and D4: 20th Dec. and sub-plot treatment: four irrigation regimes, it applied at different phenophases (I1-CRI, I2- CRI and heading, I3- CRI+ jointing and milking, I4- CRI+ jointing + anthesis and dough stage). Crop growth and yield data of 2014-15 were used for calibration of DSSAT model and cultivar coefficients for WH1105 based on the observed crop characteristics. Genetic coefficient parameters are in the ranges obtained by the few other studies conducted on wheat with the exception of parameters G1, G2, and G3, related to grain growth. Sensitivity of simulated grain yield to down scaled sunshine hours, solar radiation -0.5 to -2.5 hours and -1°C to -5 MJ-2 day-1 showed a gradual decrease in grain yield, respectively.
Evaluation of Different Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus) Cultivars in Terms of Spike Quality under Allahabad Agro Climatic Condition
Authors: Parmanand Sen Narendra Singh Solanki , Ramshankar Pawak Lal Singh
Published: September 2021

The present experiment was conducted during October 2011 – April 2012 in the Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Science, Allahabad, (U.P.). The experiment of design was randomized block design consisting 11 treatment with 3 replication, with a view to find out the overall performance of different cultivars of Glodiolus viz. Panjab Morning (T1), Green Bay (T2), Noualux blue (T3), American Beauty (T4), Priscilla (T5),White Prosperity (T6) Red Majesty (T7), Summer Shunshine (T8) Delhi local (T9), Noualux (T10), Candyman (T11),. On the basis of different growth and yield parameters the maximum days for first floret durability (6.16). were recorded by White Prosperity (T6) followed by American Beauty (T4) (5.76). The maximum number of spike length (95.13cm) was obtained in White Prosperity (T6) followed by Red Majesty (T7) (94.16). The maximum weight of spike (64.40 g) was observed in White Prosperity (T6) followed by American Beauty (T4) (64.33g). The maximum floret diameter (12.63cm) was found in Summer Pearl (T8) followed by White Prosperity (T6) (12.53cm). The maximum number of floret per spike (18.00) was found in White Prosperity (T6) followed by American Beauty (T4) (17.73). The maximum number of spikes per plant (5.33) was observed in Delhi Local (T9) followed by White Prosperity (T6) (1.3). Which can be recommended for cultivation in Allahabad agro-climatic condition.
Food and Feeding Habits of the Bivalve Cardium costatum (Linné, 1758) in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Kouakou Fokouo Kessia Irène Kouato Fulgence , Otchoumou Atcho Agnissan Aka Jean-Paul
Published: September 2021

The diet of 400 specimens of Cardium costatum from the exclusive economic zone of Côte d'Ivoire was studied for two years depending on the hydrological seasons and the size of the individuals. Stomach contents were analyzed using frequency of occurrence, numerical frequency, and specific abundance methods. The results obtained show that this bivalve is a planktophagus and also feeds on inert organic matter (detritus) and bacteria. Phytoplankton forms the major constituent of its diet regardless of season and size. However, most immature young people have a specialist feeding strategy for Navicula and mature ones prefer Amphora.
Fungal Flora Isolated from Deteriorating Card Board and Corrugated Box Samples in Thane and Bhiwandi, India
Authors: Moses Kolet Asba Ansari
Published: September 2021

Many cellulose based articles have found their way into human requirements and have become articles of necessity, paper being one such article. Card board and corrugated boxes are used as packing materials universally and alike paper, these are vulnerable to invasion by cellulose degrading fungi. The study in regions of Thane and Bhiwandi cities on the outskirts of Mumbai city in Western coastal part of Maharashtra, India focused on the invasion of cardboard and corrugated paper boxes by fungi. Twenty four species of fungi belonging to 11 genera were found on the deteriorating card board and corrugated paper samples during the study, prominent amongst them being the genus Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Curvularia, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Alternaria and five other cellulolytic fungal genera. Growth of fungi resulted in crumbling of the cardboard at places due to loss of strength. Many of the fungal forms isolated were potential health hazards which was cause for concern.
In- vitro Efficacy of PGPR on the Management of Rhizoctonia solani (KUHN) Causing Sheath Blight of Rice
Authors: P. Renganathan Soundarya , Eswaran A.
Published: September 2021

Besides, the inherent hazards, negative public perceptions about the adverse environmental pollution of chemical pesticides, an alternative control methods are needed. Bio-stimulants are eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides because of their minimal impact on human health and environment, while ensuring optimal increase of crop yield, quality and tolerance to biotic stress. The soil has an enormous untapped potential of microbes, showing antagonistic effects against soil borne plant pathogenic organisms. This work validates a procedure to select one of the best Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as potential active ingredients for controlling Sheath blight of rice, incited by Rhioctonia solani (Kuhn). It is one of the most important Necrotrophic fungal diseases of rice with approximately 58% yield reduction in test plots of susceptible cultivars. It was arduous to manage the disease, therefore by investigating the bio-control potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens for the successful management of R. solani causing sheath blight disease. The results showed that the bacterial antagonist P. fluorescens has exhibited strong inhibition against R. solani with 76.40 Per cent over control in dual culture technique. With regard to poisoned food technique the culture filtrates of P. fluorescens (Pf3) at 15 and 20 per cent conc. completely inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani. In addition to the disease control, the isolate Pf3 recorded the maximum root and shoot length; with germination percentage (96.18) and vigour index (2429.50) thereby it promotes plant growth and seed germination.
Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi on Cocoa Plant (Theobroma cacao L.) and Antagonist Activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: A. Rosmana Zaedar , Nasaruddin T. Kuswinanti
Published: September 2021

Anthracnose disease which is caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides fungi becomes a resistor factor in cocoa production. Infect on young leaves creates leaf blight, consequently those leaves can die completely or only several parts starting from leaf blade and then fall, but infection at mature leaves spots appear in random border form and leave hole in the same location. Branches with infected leaves will experience die back and look like a broom, in the other side, infection at young fruit turns fruit to be dried and wrinkled while at mature fruits showed dried and rotten tips. This research is aimed at finding potential endophytic fungi from cocoa plant that can resist the growth of pathogenic fungi, C. gloeosporioides which cause anthracnose on cocoa plant (Theobroma cacao L). Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi on cocoa plant from Banggai district in Central Sulawesi results showed 10 isolates of endopphytic fungi: 2 isolates from leaves organ isolation; 4 isolates from stem; and 4 isolates from fruit pod. They both identified morphologically and macroscopically and found to have similarity to Trichoderma sp, Penicillium sp, Aspergilus sp that has resistance capability against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides colony through antagonist mechanism marked by the presence of resistance zone. Trichodermasp demonstrated the highest percentage at isolate G in 56,92%.
Norovirus and Adenovirus Among Children from Public Day Care Centers in Brazil
Authors: D. M. Teixeira A. M. Rodrigues , J. A. M. Siqueira R. S. Bandeira , M. S. S. Lucena C. S. Júnior , Y. B. Gabbay L. S. Soares , Silva L. D.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Enteric viruses, including noroviruses and adenovirus are pathogens associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in worldwide. This study aimed investigate cases of gastroenteritis caused by noroviruses and adenoviruses in children attending Public Daycare Centers in Brazil. Material and Methods: In this study, 135 fecal samples were examined using RT-PCR assays, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results: The prevalence for norovirus and adenovirus was 13.3% (18/135) and 58.5% (79/135), respectively. Noroviruses were more frequent in symptomatic individuals (22.7%), whereas adenoviruses were more observed in asymptomatic children (61.8%). Three norovirus genotypes were detected (GII.P4, GII.P7, GII.P12) and adenovirus strains were classified into five species (A-F). The data revealed the dynamics of genotypic distribution of noroviruses and adenoviruses among children attending day care centers. The data indicated that symptomatic and asymptomatic children were infected with several strains of NoV e AdV. The additional evolutionary analyses need to be further investigated.
Comparison of Major Biological Characteristics and Adaptations of three Sand Pear Varieties in Hubei Province of China
Authors: Feng Xu Tian-Zhi Gong , Wang Guiyuan
Published: September 2021

The growth performance and adaptability of 'Chang Li No.1', 'Cui Guan' and 'Yuan Huang' after their planted in the first and third years were investigated. The results showed that:(1) The first year after the bud seedling planted, in plant height aspect, 'Yuan Huang' was the highest about 164.4cm, 'Cui Guan' was the lowest about 116.4cm; in leaf number aspect, ‘Chang Li No.1’ was the least about 11, ‘Cui Guan’ and 'Yuan Huang' were equivalent; in rate of survival, the survival rate of ‘Chang Li No.1’ was the highest about 82.4%, however, the survival rate of 'Cui Guan' and 'Yuan Huang' were 64.9% and 62.1% respectively; (2) The third year after planted, in plant height aspect, 'Yuan Huang' was the highest about 3.46 m, ‘Cui Guan’ and ‘Chang Li No.1’ were 2.72 m and 2.65 m respectively; in crown diameter aspect, 'Yuan Huang’ was the largest, ‘Cui Guan’ and ‘Chang Li No.1’ were equivalent; (3) In the number of annual branches, 'Yuan Huang' was the largest whatever long, medium or short branches, and that of ‘Cui Guan’ and ‘Chang Li No.1’ were equivalent; (4) In the number of inflorescence per plant, 'Yuan Huang' was the most up to 81 clusters, ‘Cui Guan’ was middle about 48 clusters, ‘Chang Li No.1’ was the least only 28 clusters; in the number of inflorescence flowers aspect, ‘Chang Li No.1’ was the largest about 9, 'Yuan Huang' and 'Cui Guan' were equal only 7; (5) In phenological period, ‘Cui Guan’ and ‘Chang Li No.1’ were similar, 'Yuan Huang' was about 5 days later than that of ‘Cui Guan’ and ‘Chang Li No.1’, and their fruit maturity was about 10 days different each other; (6)In damage by insects expression, 'Yuan Huang' was the lightest, next to ‘Cui Guan’, ‘Chang Li No.1’ was the most serious. Thus it could be seen, ‘Yuan Huang’ had the strongest adaptability in Hubei province, and ‘Chang Li No.1’ had the weakest adaptability in Hubei province of China.
Levels of Available Zinc in Soil of Teaching and Research Farm Modibbo Adama University, Yola, North East Nigeria
Authors: M. L. Bubarai Bapetel , N. A. Abdulkadir A. M. Tahir
Published: September 2021

A study was conducted to assess the status of available zinc in soil of Teaching and Research Farm, Modibbo Adama University, Yola North East, Nigeria. Ten soil samples were collected from 0 – 20 and 20 – 50 cm depths to reflect the soil of the study area. The soils were analysed following standard laboratory procedures. Result obtained showed that the soils were sandy loam to sandy clay loam, slightly acidic (mean = 6.4 – surface; 6.5 – subsurface soils), very low OC content (mean = 0.35 % – surface; 0.27 % – subsurface soils), low to medium Total N and exchangeable bases. Zinc was generally low to medium (range = 0.18 – 1.71; mean = 1.12 % in surface soils, and range = 0.32 – 2.71; mean = 1.35 % in subsurface soils). Zinc is not correlated with most of the soil properties in both soil depths. In surface soil, a positively correlation with potassium (r = 0.702*) was observed and negative correlation with Total N (r = -0.634*) in subsurface soils. It is recommended that for successful and profitable crop production, application of inorganic fertilizers plus zinc and organic material should be encouraged.