bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sections 135 and 136: Running a health-based place of safety in Gloucestershire
Authors: Pugh David , Laidlaw Jim
Published: June 2015

The Maxwell Centre, a health-based place of safety (POS) adjacent to a psychiatric hospital, was opened in Gloucestershire in February 2009. It provides a POS for people detained under Sections 135 and 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 as amended in 2007. Prior to the opening of the Maxwell Centre, police cells were the only designated POSs. To assess the impact of the opening of this new facility, we undertook a service evaluation. In the five years (February 2009 to December 2013) following the opening of the Maxwell Centre, the use of Section 136 increased by more than 60%.
A study on the recognition and classification of embroidered textile defects in manufacturing
Authors: Kuo Chung-Feng Jeffrey , Juang Yun
Published: June 2015

Embroidered textile is a highly valued artwork. Three-dimensional patterns can be created by variable stitches and the material characteristics of embroidery thread. At present, computer plate-making is widely used in embroidery operation, allowing factories to mass-produce efficiently, but in the quality control stage, manpower is needed for visual inspections. The embroidered textile is classified after quality control. The conforming products are classified into three different categories: non-defective products, defective products but improvable after reworking and re-inspection, and disposable products when defective products cannot be improved. However, there is no specific standard for embroidered textile defects. In order to increase efficiency of human resources, elucidate the defects on embroidery, and achieve automated defect classification, we proposed methods on the recognition and classification of embroidered textile defects. After interviewing producers of embroidered textiles and manufacturers of computer embroidery machines, we identified four types of defect in embroidery textile patterns: foundation yarn floating knit, stitch missing, joint defect, and misregistration for defect recognition. The back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and characteristic procedure classification were used for defect classification. The characteristic procedure classification yielded more accurate results (accuracy rate: training: 100%, testing: 100%), but the process requires more time and cost for training. The BPNN requires the least amount of time, but the recognition rate is slightly lower (accuracy rate: training: 100%, testing: 98.80%) when compared to the characteristic procedure classification. The embroidered textile pattern recognition and classification methods proposed by this study are expected to provide an automated inspection procedure for the embroidery textile industry.
Industrial capitalisation and spatial transformation in Chinese cities: Strategic repositioning, state-owned enterprise capitalisation, and the reproduction of urban space in Beijing
Authors: Hu Fox ZY
Published: June 2015

This study examines the urbanisation of capital in the context of a socialist economy undergoing profound market transition. It identifies the dynamics of state capital as a ‘missing link’ in understanding the variegated forces shaping Chinese cities through a case study of Beijing – China’s capital city. Contrary to the popular perception of the rolling back of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) as a natural outcome of capital switching from a declining primary circuit to a booming secondary circuit, this empirical study of urban transformation in the Beijing metropolis identifies an intriguing trajectory of ‘capitalisation without privatisation’ whereby the commodification of the land and housing market has been accompanied by a growing share of capital assets under the ownership control of SOEs and a spatial concentration of state capital toward the city centre since the turn of the new century. The development experience centred on the capitalisation of SOEs is shown to be reflective of the new strategic vision to remake Beijing as a national hub of corporate control and the persistent syndrome of soft budget constraint characterising SOEs under a reformed management system that prioritises operational scale and asset appreciation. The new dynamics of state capital in Beijing is found to be associated with eviscerated domestic private investment and the spatial redistribution of rural–urban migrants towards the urban fringe. The case study has implications for ongoing inquiries into the urbanisation of capital in transitional urban China and points to the need to pay adequate attention to the growth and resilience of state capital in the Chinese ‘game’ of landed-property production and capital circulation.
Registered counsellors’ perceptions of their role in the South African context of providing mental health-care services
Authors: Rouillard Marie Claire M , Wilson Lizane , Weideman Suzette
Published: June 2015

Mental health-care statistics in South Africa indicate that large numbers of individuals do not have access to mental health-care practitioners and that mental health difficulties appear to be exacerbated by significant social problems. The need to combat this ever-increasing void was acknowledged by the South African government and the category of registered counsellor was created to afford a form of mental health care to disadvantaged communities. To date, it appears that registered counsellors have been somewhat unsuccessful in their attempts to fulfil their intended role. Hence, in 2011, a newly formulated scope of practice was introduced which engaged registered counsellors in the areas that would most efficiently address the mental health-care gap. The purpose of this research study was to explore the perceptions of registered counsellors regarding their role of providing mental health-care services in the South African context. A qualitative interpretive descriptive approach with a sample of 12 individuals, who are registered as registered counsellors with the Health Professions Council of South Africa, was used. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews guided by an interview schedule. Thematic analysis was used to identify the themes. The study found that the registered counsellors perceived their role as important in the context of mental health-care development in South Africa, but despite this, they also experienced negative perceptions regarding the changing scope of their role in South Africa. This manifested in uncertainty among the registered counsellors. Negative perceptions were also reported in terms of a lack of acknowledgement from other mental health-care practitioners and ignorance from the public regarding the work of registered counsellors.
The Scientific Status of Learning Styles Theories
Authors: Willingham Daniel T. , Hughes Elizabeth M. , Dobolyi David G.
Published: June 2015

Theories of learning styles suggest that individuals think and learn best in different ways. These are not differences of ability but rather preferences for processing certain types of information or for processing information in certain types of way. If accurate, learning styles theories could have important implications for instruction because student achievement would be a product of the interaction of instruction and the student’s style. There is reason to think that people view learning styles theories as broadly accurate, but, in fact, scientific support for these theories is lacking. We suggest that educators’ time and energy are better spent on other theories that might aid instruction.
Design in four diagnostic language assessments
Authors: Cumming Alister
Published: June 2015

The studies documented in the four articles in this special issue uniquely exemplify principles of design-based research as follows: by taking innovative approaches to significant problems in the contexts of real educational practices; by addressing fundamental pedagogical and policy issues related to language, learning, and teaching; and, in the process, by refining their claims and assessment systems. I analyze and compare the four studies in view of Anderson and Shattuck’s (2012) guiding principles of design-based research: real educational contexts, design and testing of a significant intervention, mixed research methods, multiple iterations, collaborative partnerships, and practical impact on educational practices. The four studies differ in numerous respects but are mutually informative about conducting systematic inquiry into diagnostic language assessments. The focus of their analyses on distinct aspects of language and communication relevant to particular educational programs and populations suggest that diagnostic language assessments tend more toward specific purposes assessment rather than general language proficiency testing.
An Update on the Pathogenesis of Osteochondrosis
Authors: Olstad K. , Ekman S. , Carlson C. S.
Published: June 2015

Osteochondrosis is defined as a focal disturbance in endochondral ossification. The cartilage superficial to an osteochondrosis lesion can fracture, giving rise to fragments in joints known as osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD). In pigs and horses, it has been confirmed that the disturbance in ossification is the result of failure of the blood supply to epiphyseal growth cartilage and associated ischemic chondronecrosis. The earliest lesion following vascular failure is an area of ischemic chondronecrosis at an intermediate depth of the growth cartilage (osteochondrosis latens) that is detectable ex vivo, indirectly using contrast-enhanced micro- and conventional computed tomography (CT) or directly using adiabatic T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging. More chronic lesions of ischemic chondronecrosis within the ossification front (osteochondrosis manifesta) are detectable by the same techniques and have also been followed longitudinally in pigs using plain CT. The results confirm that lesions sometimes undergo spontaneous resolution, and in combination, CT and histology observations indicate that this occurs by filling of radiolucent defects with bone from separate centers of endochondral ossification that form superficial to lesions and by phagocytosis and intramembranous ossification of granulation tissue that forms deep to lesions. Research is currently aimed at discovering the cause of the vascular failure in osteochondrosis, and studies of spontaneous lesions suggest that failure is associated with the process of incorporating blood vessels into the advancing ossification front during growth. Experimental studies also show that bacteremia can lead to vascular occlusion. Future challenges are to differentiate between causes of vascular failure and to discover the nature of the heritable predisposition for osteochondrosis.
Perception of basic emotions in music: Culture-specific or multicultural?
Authors: Argstatter Heike
Published: June 2015

The perception of basic emotions such as happy/sad seems to be a human invariant and as such detached from musical experience. On the other hand, there is evidence for cultural specificity: recognition of emotional cues is enhanced if the stimuli and the participants stem from the same culture. A cross-cultural study investigated the following research questions: (1) How are six basic universal emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, surprise) perceivable in music unknown to listeners with different cultural backgrounds?; and (2) Which particular aspects of musical emotions show similarities and differences across cultural boundaries? In a cross-cultural study, 18 musical segments, representing six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, surprise) were presented to subjects from Western Europe (Germany and Norway) and Asia (South Korea and Indonesia). Results give evidence for a pan-cultural emotional sentience in music. However, there were distinct cultural, emotion and item-specific differences in emotion recognition. The results are qualified by the outcome measurement procedure since emotional category labels are language-based and reinforce cultural diversity.
Early Mathurā
Authors: Kaul Shonaleeka
Published: June 2015

In this article certain established scholarly views about religious life in early Mathurā are put to the scrutiny of material and textual evidence brought together here in a new interpretive relationship. Maintaining that texts construct sacred geography by overlaying narrative and mythic associations on the physical features and spread of the terrain, this article first turns to the Harivaṃśa Purāṇa for its mythic depiction of Mathurā and the Vraja region and compares it with the scant references from the Divyāvadāna and Paumacariya, for their putatively Brahmanical and Buddhist–Jaina treatments of Mathurā, respectively. The article then draws attention to the paradox that while Buddhism and Jainism had a strong presence in the archaeological remains from early Mathurā, there does not appear to have been textual involvement with the city in these traditions like there is in the cult of Kṛṣṇa worship which, though relatively late in making an appearance among Mathurā’s ruins, comes to textually identify itself with the city and its environs. Is this paradox a function of different literary genres and their worldviews? Relatedly, is early Kṛṣṇite Mathurā to be understood as merely a literary figment, with no connection to ground realities, as some suggest? Or did texts contract complex relationships with sacred spaces, re-fashioning their local histories and multiple traditions of belief and worship to articulate new identities that were yet founded on continuities? This article correlates art and archaeological remains from early Mathurā with textual imaginaries to suggest ways in which to reinterpret the relationship between sacred site, text and practice.
Symbol and Image Worship in Jainism
Authors: Kishore Kanika
Published: June 2015

The history of Jainism in Mathura has been reconstructed largely on the basis of donative inscriptions and the remains of temples, stūpas and tīrthaṅkara images unearthed in this area. The āyāgapaṭas—an integral part of Mathura art and extremely important for the understanding of Jaina art and religious practice—have been relatively neglected. The āyāgapaṭas reflect the simultaneous existence of symbol and image worship in Jainism. The practice of donating these carved slabs started in the first century BCE and continued till the third century CE. The āyāgapaṭas were intended for worship as the inscriptions specify that they were set up for the worship of arhats ( tīrthaṅkaras).

 This article aims to understand the āyāgapaṭa inscriptions in the context of their relief carvings. The religious imagery on these slabs represents various foci of Jaina worship, namely the stūpa, the dharmacakra and the Jina image. The evidence of the Jina image carved on the āyāgapaṭas as early as the first century BCE, points towards the prevalence of image worship in Jainism even before the first century CE. The analysis of the āyāgapaṭa inscriptions highlights the varied occupational background of donors and the active role played by women donors. The article explores the probable reasons for the discontinuation of āyāgapaṭas after the third century CE at Mathura. Finally, it clearly establishes that āyāgapaṭas were installed in temples and monasteries and were objects of worship and an important component of Jaina religious practice.
Dalit Movement in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Rao Y. Chinna
Published: June 2015

This article is an attempt to recapitulate a historical outline of the Dalit movement covering 100 years in south India in general and Telugu-speaking regions in particular, that is, covering the geographical regions of the Madras presidency and the erstwhile Nizam state. In other words, this article covers the areas of what till recently used to be known as Andhra Pradesh. The article argues that the Dalit movement in India is an ideological movement for establishing an egalitarian social order, a struggle for their identity and a movement for their human dignity. While rejecting the existing compartmentalised hierarchical Hindu social order that sanctions and glorifies inequalities, oppression epitomised in the most inhuman practice of untouchability, itis a radical movement that aims at the reconstruction of ‘self’ by destroying pejorative and community identities imposed by the non-Dalits. This article is woven around three sections: in the first part, we will briefly trace the Dalit movements as they figure in historiography and the conventional sources for reconstructing Dalit history; the second section refers to some of the major events that represented shifts in the history of the Dalit movement during the colonial period. Finally, it will foreground the interconnections between these historical developments and critical shifts in the Dalit movement during the post-colonial period.
Refuse derived fuel (RDF) plasma torch gasification as a feasible route to produce low environmental impact syngas for the cement industry
Authors: López-Sabirón Ana M , Fleiger Kristina , Schäfer Stefan , Antoñanzas Javier , Irazustabarrena Ane , Aranda-Usón Alfonso , Ferreira Germán A
Published: June 2015

Plasma torch gasification (PTG) is currently researched as a technology for solid waste recovery. However, scientific studies based on evaluating its environmental implications considering the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology are lacking. Therefore, this work is focused on comparing the environmental effect of the emissions of syngas combustion produced by refuse derived fuel (RDF) and PTG as alternative fuels, with that related to fossil fuel combustion in the cement industry. To obtain real data, a semi-industrial scale pilot plant was used to perform experimental trials on RDF-PTG.

The results highlight that PTG for waste to energy recovery in the cement industry is environmentally feasible considering its current state of development. A reduction in every impact category was found when a total or partial substitution of alternative fuel for conventional fuel in the calciner firing (60 % of total thermal energy input) was performed. Furthermore, the results revealed that electrical energy consumption in PTG is also an important parameter from the LCA approach.
Circumventing Nonresponse - Upgrading Traditional Company Survey Data with Unobtrusive Data from Company Websites
Authors: Rasmussen Karsten Boye , Thimm Heiko
Published: June 2015

To validate a survey of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), we tested the similarity between respondents and nonrespondents using traditional methods of supplemental data collection. Additionally we also applied mixed methods by enhancing the survey data with data obtained by a novel unobtrusive method: observation of company websites. The website data were obtained through human collection of characteristics of the homepage with observation of functional items that were coded and combined into an index for general website quality. Analysis of these data supported the validity of the original survey and exhibited a positive significant correlation between the survey index for use of information technology (IT) and the website quality index. The finding supports unobtrusive website observation as an appropriate data collection substitute.
Who is Willing to Answer Open-ended Questions on the Meaning of Left and Right?
Authors: Zuell Cornelia , Scholz Evi
Published: June 2015

The left-right dimension plays an important role in a wide range of political science studies, and analyses are sometimes based on responses to open-ended survey questions about the meaning of left and right. Due to a considerable non-response to these questions on the 2008 German General Social Survey, the value of the data needs to be evaluated, and response analysis is recommended before Germany’s ideological beliefs are analysed. This paper investigates whether or not respondents’ personality traits, cognitive abilities and socialisation, motivation, and left-right self-placement affect response behaviour to our open-ended questions. We found several explanatory variables: a left-right self-placement, its ideological direction, an Eastern German socialisation background, a high level of education and a strong political interest. These findings indicate that, in addition to methodological issues, substantial variables matter in response behaviour in technical terms, and ideological analysts should consider if their findings can be generalised for the entire German population.
What Is the Gain in a Probability-Based Online Panel of Providing Internet Access to Sampling Units Who Previously Had No Access?
Authors: Revilla Melanie , Cornilleau Anne , Cousteaux Anne-Sophie , Legleye Stéphane , de Pedraza Pablo
Published: June 2015

The Internet is considered an attractive option for survey data collection. However, some people do not have access to it. One way to address this coverage problem for general population surveys is to draw a probabilistic sample and provide Internet access to the selected units who do not have it and accept to participate. This is what the knowledge panel and the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social sciences (LISS) panel do. However, a selection effect is still possible. Units without previous Internet access might refuse to participate in a web panel, even if provided with the necessary equipment. Thus, efforts to provide the necessary equipment may not be worth it. This article investigates the gain in terms of representativeness of offering the equipment to non-Internet units in a web panel using tablets: the French Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences panel. We find that the number of non-Internet units who accept to participate is low. This is not only due to the fact that their response rates are lower but also to the small proportion of non-Internet units in the French population. In addition, they participate less in given surveys once they become panelists. At the same time, they are very different from the Internet units. Therefore, even if because of the small number of units, the overall gain in representativeness is small, there are a few important variables (e.g., education) on which their inclusion yields a more representative sample of the general population.
Pareto efficiency in the dynamic one-dimensional bargaining model
Authors: Kalandrakis Tasos
Published: June 2015

Pareto-dominated agreements are shown to prevail with positive probability in an open set of status quo in a Markov perfect equilibrium of a one-dimensional dynamic bargaining game. This equilibrium is continuous, symmetric, with dynamic preferences that satisfy the single-plateau property. It is also shown that there does not exist a symmetric equilibrium with single-peaked preferences.
Observations of train control performance on a camshaft-operated DC electrical multiple unit
Authors: Ellis Robert , Weston Paul , Stewart Edward , Hillmansen Stuart , Tricoli Pietro , Roberts Clive , Jones Ian
Published: June 2015

In order to reduce energy consumption on DC railways where regenerative braking is not available, train control strategy or ‘driver style’ is a practical alternative. In 2011, instrumentation to monitor energy consumption on the Merseyrail network was fitted to a British Rail Class 508 DC camshaft-operated electrical multiple unit. In this paper, seven services from Hunts Cross to Southport are highlighted to demonstrate a number of driver styles and their correlation with energy consumption. The differences in energy consumption were observed to be related to driver aggression in both the acceleration and deceleration phases.
Time and temporality in online corporate pictorials
Authors: Rämö Hans
Published: June 2015

Many different social contexts are embedded in, and mediated by, visual practices, so too in corporate communication. The specific aim of this paper is to use the concept of scopic regimes as a means of understanding pictorial representations of time and temporality in online corporate communication. It is argued in this paper that the temporal reference has changed direction, from pointing backward to forward. What has been a matter of predominantly portraying important corporate achievements to posterity has increasingly become a matter of appearing for impatient online viewers today as responsible for the future. Three illustrative examples of time and temporality in online corporate pictorials are included and discussed, representing movement, moment, and the allegory of time.
Theoretical and experimental research on turbo-generator shaft alignment using strain gauge method
Authors: Zhang Wanfu , Yang Jiangang , Li Chun , Dai Ren , Yang Ailing
Published: June 2015

Shaft alignment is a key factor for the safe and reliable operation of a turbine unit. This paper presents an approach to estimate the turbo-generator shaft alignment using strain gauge technique with two measuring sections nearby each coupling. The change of shaft bending moment is linearly proportional to the change of bearing elevation and reaction force. So the bearing load distribution can be identified from the strain values and bending moments which are measured using strain gauge. The transfer matrix method is used to calculate the detailed shaft alignment data including deflection, slopes, bearing reaction forces, influence coefficients, sag/gap values. Experiments were carried out on a test rig with 3 rotors, 2 couplings and 6 bearings. It was shown that the strain gauge identification results agree well with the results using the jack-up method. The maximum relative error of each bearing loads is almost 8.7%. The sag/gap values using the strain gauge method are close to those using the laser alignment method. The maximum relative error is less than 7.5%. Results also show that the strain gauge method is sensitive to possible disturbances in the bearing elevation. In the end, strain gauge alignment technique with two measuring sections nearby each coupling was applied on the shaft alignment estimation of a 600 MW turbine unit successfully. The bearing loads and shaft deflection were obtained accurately .
Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and predicted dosage requirements in pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Abdel Hadi Ola , Al Omar Suha , Nazer Lama H , Mubarak Sawsan , Le Jennifer
Published: June 2015

Purpose

To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters and compare pharmacodynamic target attainment at different dosing strategies of vancomycin in pediatric cancer patients.

Methods

Pediatric patients who received vancomycin and had at least two steady-state concentrations taken within the same dosing interval were identified. Vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from our institution were determined using E-test. The population-based pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using NONMEM 7.2. A one-compartment model with first-order kinetics was used to estimate clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (Vd). Monte Carlo simulations ( N = 9800) were performed to compare area-under-the-curve over 24 h (AUC24)/MIC and trough concentration at different doses.

Results

Forty-nine patients, with 120 vancomcyin serum concentrations, were included in the analysis, mean age was 6 ± 2.5 (SD) years, mean weight was 19.6 ± 6.9(SD) kg, mean baseline serum creatinine was 0.4 ± 0.11(SD) mg/dl, and mean initial vancomycin dose was 205 mg/day (range 100–460). Final model pharmacokinetic parameters were: CL (L/h) = 0.381 × weight0.75 and Vd (L) = 0.663 × weight. Mean baseline (±SD) vancomycin CL was 0.20 ± 0.07 L/h/kg and Vd 0.66 ± 0.001 L/kg. . Renal function, sex, age, stay in the intensive care unit, and co-administration of nephrotoxic medications did not have an effect on the calculated parameters. Using Monte Carlo simulation with reported MICs, a dose of 60 mg/kg/day achieved AUC24/MIC ≥400 and trough concentration ≥15 mcg/mL in only 21.5% and 11% of virtual subjects, respectively.

Conclusions

Higher than usual vancomycin doses may be required to treat serious MRSA infections in pediatric patients. The currently recommended dose of 60 mg/kg/day is unlikely to achieve the targets in most subjects. The optimal vancomycin dosing in pediatric cancer patients requires further investigations.
The production of prediction: What does machine learning want?
Authors: Mackenzie Adrian
Published: June 2015

Retail, media, finance, science, industry, security and government increasingly depend on predictions produced through techniques such as machine learning. How is it that machine learning can promise to predict with great specificity what differences matter or what people want in many different settings? We need, I suggest, an account of its generalization if we are to understand the contemporary production of prediction. This article maps the principal forms of material action, narrative and problematization that run across algorithmic modelling techniques such as logistic regression, decision trees and Naive Bayes classifiers. It highlights several interlinked modes of generalization that engender increasingly vast data infrastructures and platforms, and intensified mathematical and statistical treatments of differences. Such an account also points to some key sites of instability or problematization inherent to the process of generalization. If movement through data is becoming a principal intersection of power relations, economic value and valid knowledge, an account of the production of prediction might also help us begin to ask how its generalization potentially gives rise to new forms of agency, experience or individuations.
Community-based dementia day programmes: Common elements and outcome measures
Authors: Weir Annie , Fouche Christa
Published: June 2015

Dementia Day programmes are considered important in supporting the well-being of both people living with dementia and their caregivers. There is, however, limited evidence on the effectiveness of these programmes. This article reports on a study undertaken in New Zealand on the effectiveness of community-based dementia day programmes. The small-scale pilot study was aimed at investigating the elements that make up an effective client-focused dementia day programme and the methods employed by organisations to measure the outcomes of these programmes. A mixed methods approach was employed with multiple stakeholders. The research revealed that effective day programmes comprised five core elements, and that surveys, reporting and auditing processes are routinely used to measure the quality of outcomes of day programmes. Although these findings are reflective of a specific context, it raises concerns about the nature and availability of evidence informing decisions regarding the design and implementation of day programmes internationally.
Numerical study on interference effects and wetted area pattern of asymmetric planing catamarans
Authors: Yengejeh Mortaza Azizi , Amiri Mojtaba Maali , Mehdigholi Hamid , Seif Mohammad Saeed , Yaakob Omar
Published: June 2015

Asymmetrical planing catamarans are increasingly used in moderate to very high-speed applications due to some tempting qualities such as less wetted surface and better seakeeping behavior. The present numerical study attempts to provide new insight into hydrodynamics of such vessels by highlighting the distinguishing aspects and employing novel appropriate approaches to deal with them. A systematic investigation has been carried out on a prismatic geometry at various demihull separations (including zero separation, that is, symmetric monohull) and different trim angles in a wide range of speed coefficients, using a computational fluid dynamics solver. Obtained numerical results of steady-state resistance and lift forces are compared against different empirical methods. In order to offer an adequate explanation about the nature of forces and interference mechanisms, an analysis has been performed on viscous and pressure resistance components. Furthermore, the ability of the employed numerical method in estimation of wetted area pattern at the bottom of the planing hulls has been evaluated to provide explanation for some observed hydrodynamic behaviors of the asymmetric planing catamarans. It is seen that a significant reduction is reached in wetted surface area of catamaran configuration in comparison with corresponding monohull.
Think transformational leadership – Think female?
Authors: Stempel Christiane R , Rigotti Thomas , Mohr Gisela
Published: June 2015

This study examines whether the behaviors of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership are perceived as being more typical of female or male leaders. In a questionnaire study, 113 participants in Germany were asked to rate the probability of occurrence of a specific leadership behavior for male and female leaders, respectively. A diagnostic ratio for each leadership behavior allows the determination of the direction and degree of gender-specific evaluations. As predicted, transformational leadership is believed to be more typical of female leaders. Nevertheless, inspirational motivation and idealized influence attributed are rated as being gender neutral. For transactional leadership, contingent reward was perceived to be more typical of female leaders, whereas management by exception was rated as neutral. Contrary to expectation, laissez-faire was not perceived as more typical of male leaders, but rather as gender neutral. Implications regarding potential gender biases for selection, training, and performance appraisals of leaders are discussed.
Home-Based Feeding Tube Weaning
Authors: Wilken Markus , Cremer Vanessa , Echtermeyer Stephan
Published: June 2015

Introduction. Over the past 2 decades a dramatic increase of pediatric feeding via tube has been reported, which has resulted in a higher prevalence of feeding tube dependency (FTD). Several treatment programs for FTD have been established over the past 2 decades, but only a few with detailed outlines and definitions of terms have been published. This article will outline the home-based tube weaning program as well review existing evidence. Program Outline. The home-based treatment program is a new treatment modality that allows children to stay in a home environment during treatment. The underlying condition as well as the treatment in its 5 phases have been outlined: assessment, preparation, hunger induction, intensive treatment, and follow-up. Treatment Outcome. Three articles regarding the treatment outcomes of home-based FTD treatment were reviewed. The results of this review show that the success rate of the treatment program has been consistently 90% of the involved cases, with major improvements in eating behavior and without deceleration of growth. Conclusion. The home-based treatment program is a safe and promising new modality for FTD.
Relationship between care dependency and behavioral symptoms among elderly in-patients with Alzheimer’s disease in Japan and the Netherlands
Authors: Dijkstra Ate , Suzuki Mizue , Kazimier Hetty , Fujiwara Miyuki , Saegusa Tomohiro
Published: June 2015

Objective:

This study investigates the influence of personal characteristics and health-related variables on the care dependency status among elderly in-patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease in two countries.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-cultural survey was administered to a convenience sample of 137 elderly in-patients. Patients were recruited from a hospital in Japan (N = 77) and from a nursing home in the Netherlands (N = 60).

Results:

In both countries, almost all participants are assessed on the severity level of care dependency in the range of “completely care dependent” (Japan: 35.1%; the Netherlands: 20.0%), or “to a great extent care dependent” (Japan: 24.7%; the Netherlands: 45.0%), to “partially care dependent” (Japan: 22.1%; the Netherlands: 21.7%).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that there is no interdependence between the severity level of care dependency and personal characteristics of patients with Alzheimer’s disease in both countries. Regarding the interplay of health-related variables on the severity level of care dependency, a difference was found between countries.
Nickname + -ing: A Perlocutionary Evaluation
Authors: Adams Michael
Published: June 2015

AbstractA character in a short story titled “The Referees,” by Joseph O’Neill, proposes the form of a term for any unwanted hypocoristic nicknaming, such as Mike for Michael, simply the nickname in question verbed and suffixed with -ing, so, in this example, Miking. The unwanted nickname reflects a speaker’s verdictive illocutionary meaning, but, as a perlocutionary response to the presumptuous nicknaming act, NICKNAME + -ing resists that meaning or its legitimacy. At least, it identifies the act, for which previously there was no handy term.
Critical Assessment 15: Science of deformation and failure mechanisms in twinning induced plasticity steels
Authors: Huang M. X. , Liang Z. Y. , Luo Z. C.
Published: June 2015

Manganese rich austenitic twinning induced plasticity steels with high strength and high ductility have been developed in 1990s as promising candidates for automotive applications. Tremendous efforts have therefore been made to explore the unusual deformation and failure mechanisms of these alloys. We provide here a critical assessment of the recent progress in understanding their deformation and failure mechanisms and discuss some scientific challenges that remain unresolved, for example, a physically based twinning kinetics model.
Whole-genome sequencing reveals oncogenic mutations in mycosis fungoides
Authors: McGirt Laura Y. , Jia Peilin , Baerenwald Devin A. , Duszynski Robert J. , Dahlman Kimberly B. , Zic John A. , Zwerner Jeffrey P. , Hucks Donald , Dave Utpal , Zhao Zhongming , Eischen Christine M.
Published: June 2015

Key Points

High-throughput sequencing of MF revealed multiple mutations within epigenetic and cytokine pathways that may drive disease. Pharmacologically targeting the JAK3 pathway in MF results in cell death and may be an effective treatment of this disease.
Self‐reported adverse reactions and IgE sensitization to common foods in adults with asthma
Authors: Rentzos G. , Johanson L. , Sjölander S. , Telemo E. , Ekerljung L.
Published: June 2015

Background

There is very few data available on the prevalence of food hypersensitivity among adults with asthma. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of self‐reported adverse reactions and IgE sensitization to the different foods and to determine the spectrum and the prevalence of food‐related gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with and with no asthma.

Methods

A cross sectional study based on interviews and questionnaire responses from 1527 subjects, aged 18–75 years of age, from Västra Götaland in Sweden, as part of the larger West Sweden Asthma Study. IgE analyses were performed in sera from all subjects.

Results

Fifty three percent of adults with asthma reported adverse reactions to foods compared to 30 % of non‐asthmatics. Most asthmatics reported symptoms from eating hazelnut, followed by other nuts, birch‐related foods, milk, peanut and shellfish. Furthermore, adults with asthma experienced significantly more often gastrointestinal symptoms from hazelnut, apple and milk and were found to significantly more often be sensitized to the most common foods compared to the non‐asthmatic subjects. The asthmatics showed a significant correlation between IgE to both hazelnut and birch and self‐reported symptoms after ingestion of hazelnut and to a lesser extent to almonds.

Conclusions

The prevalence of self‐reported adverse reactions and sensitization to the most common foods was much higher among the asthmatic subjects. Hazelnut was the food that asthmatics most frequently experienced adverse reactions from, and the strong correlation between IgE to hazelnut and birch indicate that the observed adverse reactions are partly due to sensitization to allergens from the PR‐10 family.
Implementing an augmented reality-enabled wayfinding system through studying user experience and requirements in complex environments
Authors: Kim Mi Jeong , Wang Xiangyu , Han Sooyeon , Wang Ying
Published: June 2015

Background

Wayfinding is an exceedingly complicated cognitive process, especially in complex environments such as hospitals, shopping centers and airports. Inhabitants of such large environments can become lost very easily if they are unfamiliar with the environment. Although they may eventually be able to discover the route to a specific destination, interacting with conventional wayfinding aids, such as consulting a map, understanding signs, and asking people for directions, can be very time-consuming.

Methods

The research presented in this paper developed a customized instrument (questionnaire) with factors identified as influencing the cognitive process of wayfinding, and conducted an explorative study to investigate user experience and requirements of wayfinding in complex environments; in this paper, a hospital was chosen as the context.

Results

The results demonstrate that current wayfinding aids are insufficient to support a person's natural navigational behaviors in the environment. Augmented Reality (AR), which is an innovative concept of enabling digital information to be superimposed onto a real view in real time and context, has great potential to supplement current wayfinding aids. Therefore, we also conceived, developed and implemented an AR-based wayfinding system based on the user requirements identified by the aforementioned instrument.

Conclusion

The AR-based wayfinding system was partially validated through case studies, which concluded that AR significantly reduced the time and cognition workload of human wayfinding behaviors.
Privacy Anxieties
Authors: Chenier Elise
Published: June 2015

The project of collecting and preserving lesbian and gay oral history was more than a method; it was a movement. It was a means to break down the barrier between everyday people and the chroniclers of history and a tool to empower marginalized communities by teaching everyday people how to tell their own stories so that they might write their own lives into the historical record, on their own terms. The Internet provides a tremendous opportunity to disseminate these valuable oral history interviews. This article explores the conflict between the liberationist impulse to uncover and make visible the queer past and issues of privacy that arise when recorded interviews that often contain detailed and intimate information can be accessed easily, and out of their original context.
Archival Justice
Authors: Rawson K. J.
Published: June 2015

In this interview from the summer of 2013, Ben Power Alwin discusses with K. J. Rawson his archival activism as the curator of the Sexual Minorities Archives (SMA) since 1977. Currently located in Northampton, Massachusetts, the SMA is one of the oldest lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI) archives in the United States, and it remains a radical grassroots collection. Housed in Alwin's personal residence for several decades, the SMA and the curator share an intimate symbiosis that Alwin discusses. This conversation also touches on many other topics including the emergence and emotional function of queer archives, the influence of the geographic setting of an archive, efforts to control history, and the continuing politics of grassroots archives.
Archive Discipline
Authors: Edelberg Peter
Published: June 2015

During the summer of 2007, the Danish Gay and Lesbian Union handed over its archives to the National Archive of Denmark due to financial difficulties in the union. The archive has been kept safe and available for researchers since. In this article, gay historian Peter Edelberg interviews fellow historian and archive activist Karl Peder Petersen, who was leader of the archive for decades along with his partner, Ib Krog Larsen. Pedersen relates the story behind the archive and the intentions and activities of the archive activists. He talks about the lack of “archive discipline” in the gay and lesbian movement and the fate of the archives in the hands of the National Archive. The interview makes plain that the archive was never just a given, but is the product of many hands and changing intentions and social circumstances.
Queering Archives
Authors: Arondekar Anjali , Cvetkovich Ann , Hanhardt Christina B. , Kunzel Regina , Nyong'o Tavia , Rodríguez Juana María , Stryker Susan , Marshall Daniel , Murphy Kevin P. , Tortorici Zeb
Published: June 2015

“Queering Archives: A Roundtable Discussion” provides a reflection on histories of queer archives studies, while marking out some key directions for the field's future development. As a broad conversation about the career of the queer archival, as both intellectual project and political practice, this discussion focuses on developments and limits within North American queer studies of the archive, which emerges as a central object of analysis and is itself somewhat archived within the terms of the discussion. The roundtable discussion provides a sustained critical engagement with the profile of the queer archive as a site for radical struggles over historical knowledge, offering a renewed sense of the queer archive as a pertinent site for scholarship and politics across an array of orientations and tendencies.
Thermal variation, thermal extremes and the physiological performance of individuals
Authors: Dowd W. Wesley , King Felicia A. , Denny Mark W.
Published: June 2015

In this review we consider how small-scale temporal and spatial variation in body temperature, and biochemical/physiological variation among individuals, affect the prediction of organisms' performance in nature. For ‘normal’ body temperatures – benign temperatures near the species' mean – thermal biology traditionally uses performance curves to describe how physiological capabilities vary with temperature. However, these curves, which are typically measured under static laboratory conditions, can yield incomplete or inaccurate predictions of how organisms respond to natural patterns of temperature variation. For example, scale transition theory predicts that, in a variable environment, peak average performance is lower and occurs at a lower mean temperature than the peak of statically measured performance. We also demonstrate that temporal variation in performance is minimized near this new ‘optimal’ temperature. These factors add complexity to predictions of the consequences of climate change. We then move beyond the performance curve approach to consider the effects of rare, extreme temperatures. A statistical procedure (the environmental bootstrap) allows for long-term simulations that capture the temporal pattern of extremes (a Poisson interval distribution), which is characterized by clusters of events interspersed with long intervals of benign conditions. The bootstrap can be combined with biophysical models to incorporate temporal, spatial and physiological variation into evolutionary models of thermal tolerance. We conclude with several challenges that must be overcome to more fully develop our understanding of thermal performance in the context of a changing climate by explicitly considering different forms of small-scale variation. These challenges highlight the need to empirically and rigorously test existing theories.