bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping success rates and correlates of Dried-blood spots and plasma specimen genotyping failure in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Omooja Jonah , Bbosa Nicholas , Lule Dan Bugembe , Nannyonjo Maria , Lunkuse Sandra , Nassolo Faridah , Nabirye Stella Esther , Suubi Hamidah Namagembe , Kaleebu Pontiano , Ssemwanga Deogratius
Published: May 2022

Background

HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping is critical to the monitoring of antiretroviral treatment. Data on HIV-1 genotyping success rates of different laboratory specimen types from multiple sources is still scarce.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we determined the laboratory genotyping success rates (GSR) and assessed the correlates of genotyping failure of 6837 unpaired dried blood spot (DBS) and plasma specimens. Specimens from multiple studies in a resource-constrained setting were analysed in our laboratory between 2016 and 2019.

Results

We noted an overall GSR of 65.7% and specific overall GSR for DBS and plasma of 49.8% and 85.9% respectively. The correlates of genotyping failure were viral load (VL) < 10,000 copies/mL (aOR 0.3 95% CI: 0.24–0.38; p < 0.0001), lack of viral load testing prior to genotyping (OR 0.85 95% CI: 0.77–0.94; p = 0.002), use of DBS specimens (aOR 0.10 95% CI: 0.08–0.14; p < 0.0001) and specimens from routine clinical diagnosis (aOR 1.4 95% CI: 1.10–1.75; p = 0.005).

Conclusions

We report rapidly decreasing HIV-1 genotyping success rates between 2016 and 2019 with increased use of DBS specimens for genotyping and note decreasing median viral loads over the years. We recommend improvement in DBS handling, pre-genotyping viral load testing to screen samples to enhance genotyping success and the development of more sensitive assays with well-designed primers to genotype specimens with low or undetectable viral load, especially in this era where virological suppression rates are rising due to increased antiretroviral therapy roll-out.
One-year follow-up of functional impairment in inpatients with mood and anxiety disorders – Potentials of the Mini-ICF-APP
Authors: Jaeger Susanne , Uhlmann Carmen , Bichescu-Burian Dana , Flammer Erich , Steinert Tilman , Schmid Petra
Published: May 2022

Background

The aim of the study was to investigate functional impairment and its relationship to illness severity in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of mood or anxiety disorder during inpatient treatment and 1 year after discharge.

Methods

Two hundred thirty-nine inpatients with primary diagnoses of mood or anxiety disorders were assessed at baseline and at follow-up by a range of validated instruments. Mini-ICF-APP was used for the assessment of functional impairment, BDI-II for the assessment of clinical symptoms and remission. Sample characteristics and measures of impairment at baseline and at follow-up were analysed descriptively. Symptomatically remitted and non-remitted patients were compared with regard to capacity limitations.

Results

Initially, the sample showed considerable impairment in many capacities, particularly endurance, spontaneous activities, structuring of tasks, competency and flexibility. After 1 year, all capacities significantly improved. The level of impairment was correlated with employment status and severity of clinical symptoms. About 50% of the patients remitted in clinical symptomatology. Retrospectively, the remitted and the unremitted did not differ in functional impairment at baseline but there were considerable differences at follow-up.

Conclusions

Mini-ICF-APP is a useful instrument to monitor functional status and change in psychiatric samples, complementing the usual focus on symptom reduction.
Health-related quality of life and associated factors in Chinese menstrual migraine patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Luo Wenxiu , Cao Xing , Zhao Jiayu , Yang Jiaming , Cen Yu , He Jinlong , Luo Jing , Zhong Yunling , Luo Ying , Wang Xinyue , Yang Liqiu , Feng Xingyu , Pang Xiaoqing , Zhang Jiazhu , Luo Jiaming
Published: May 2022

Background

Menstrual migraine is a particular form of migraine with a significant impact on the quality of life for women afflicted. Presently, no study has reported the quality of life in menstrual migraine patients. This work aims to assess the health-related quality of life and identify its associated factors among Chinese menstrual migraine patients.

Methods

The cross-sectional study group consisted of 109 patients with menstrual migraine, and the control group consisted of 397 female patients with non-menstrual migraine. In total, 506 patients completed questionnaires for demographic and clinical information, the Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Headache Impact Test-6, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Health-related quality of life was measured using the 36-Item Short Form Survey.

Results

Compared with non-menstrual migraine patients, five dimensions of health-related quality of life were all found to be significantly impaired in menstrual migraine patients. Headache frequency (ß = − 0.218, P = 0.014), the impact of headache on daily life (ß = − 0.270, P = 0.002), depression symptoms (ß = − 0.345, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with physical component summary, depression symptoms (ß = − 0.379, P < 0.001), social support (ß = 0.270, P < 0.001), suicidal ideation (ß = − 0.344, P < 0.001) were closely related to mental component summary.

Conclusion

Menstrual migraine patients had a significantly poorer health-related quality of life in many domains than non-menstrual migraine patients. Headache frequency, the impact of headache on daily life, depression symptoms, social support, and suicidal ideation were significantly associated with health-related quality of life in menstrual migraine patients.

Trial registration: ChiCTR1800014343. This study was registered prospectively on 7 January 2018 at Chinese Clinical Trial registry. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=24526
Enriching traditional didactic teaching in undergraduate ophthalmology with lateral thinking method: a prospective study
Authors: Abdul-Kadir Mohd-Asyraaf , Lim Lik Thai
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To evaluate undergraduate medical students’ perspective on lateral thinking pedagogy in teaching clinical ocular anatomy in correlation to developing differential diagnoses and recognising red flags in managing common eye conditions.

Methods

The prospective study compared the lateral thinking method (LTM) versus the traditional didactic method in teaching clinical ocular anatomy. Two hundred seventy-two medical students who underwent ophthalmology clerkships were recruited over 3 years. They were randomised into two groups, the LTM and regular didactic groups. Students participated in pre and post-tests to assess their theoretical clinical ophthalmic knowledge, and their responses to respective teaching methods were measured via the self-assessment questionnaire (SAQ), which incorporated a five-point Likert-type scale.

Results

Overall, the LTM group scored significantly higher than the control group, and they found the innovative teaching method improved their confidence and awareness in theoretical knowledge in generating differential diagnoses, managing common eye conditions and recognising potential signs that could be sight and/or life-threatening compared to the regular teaching group (P < 0.05). However, all students were neutral towards both lectures regarding changing their negative perception of the current ophthalmic curriculum.

Conclusion

From the student’s perspective, LTM is an effective tool in enriching regular teaching. The method encouraged versatile thinking patterns while enhancing the effectiveness of learning experience in time and resource-limited undergraduate ophthalmic teaching.
“Planeterranean” Diet: extending worldwide the health benefits of Mediterranean Diet based on nutritional properties of locally available foods
Authors: Colao Annamaria , Vetrani Claudia , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Barrea Luigi , Tricopoulou Antonia , Soldati Laura , Piscitelli Prisco ,   UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development
Published: May 2022

In 2010, November 16th, the Mediterranean diet was given the recognition of UNESCO as an “Intangible Heritage of Humanity” as this dietary pattern is rooted in the preservation of tradition, land, and biodiversity. In addition, mounting evidence supported the pivotal role of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Nevertheless, the application of this dietary pattern in non-Mediterranean countries is still challenging. “Planeterranean” is an attempt of the UNESCO Chair of “Health Education and Sustainable Development” to prompt each country to rediscover its own heritage and develop healthier dietary patterns based on traditional and local foods.
Interaction of HnRNP F with the guanine-rich segments in viral antigenomic RNA enhances porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 replication
Authors: Zhang Aiguo , Sun Yanting , Jing Huiyuan , Liu Jie , Duan Erzhen , Ke Wenting , Tao Ran , Li Yang , Wang Jinhe , Cao Sufang , Zhao Pandeng , Wang Haihua , Zhang Yan
Published: May 2022

Background

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (HnRNP) F is a member of HnRNP family proteins that participate in splicing of cellular newly synthesized mRNAs by specifically recognizing tandem guanine-tracts (G-tracts) RNA sequences. Whether HnRNP F could recognize viral-derived tandem G-tracts and affect virus replication remain poorly defined.

Methods

The effect of HnRNP F on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) propagation was evaluated by real-time PCR, western blotting, and plaque-forming unit assay. The association between HnRNP F and PRRSV guanine-rich segments (GRS) were analyzed by RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation. The expression pattern of HnRNP F was investigated by western blotting and nuclear and cytoplasmic fractionation.

Results

Knockdown of endogenous HnRNP F effectively blocks the synthesis of viral RNA and nucleocapsid (N) protein. Conversely, overexpression of porcine HnRNP F has the opposite effect. Moreover, RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation assays reveal that the qRMM1 and qRRM2 domains of HnRNP F recognize the GRS in PRRSV antigenomic RNA. Finally, HnRNP F is redistributed into the cytoplasm and forms a complex with guanine-quadruplex (G4) helicase DHX36 during PRRSV infection.

Conclusions

These findings elucidate the potential functions of HnRNP F in regulating the proliferation of PRRSV and contribute to a better molecular understanding of host-PRRSV interactions.
Postoperative stability following a triple pelvic osteotomy is affected by implant configuration: a finite element analysis
Authors: Hedelin Henrik , Brynskog Erik , Larnert Per , Iraeus Johan , Laine Tero , Lagerstrand Kerstin
Published: May 2022

Background

The triple pelvic osteotomy is an established surgical method with multiple modifications regarding surgical technique and choice of implant. The stability of the osteotomy is affected by numerous factors, and among these, the three-dimensional implant configuration is a scientifically less explored aspect.

Methods

We used a finite element model of a hemi-pelvis with a standardized triple osteotomy to calculate relative flexibility for loads in all translational degrees of freedom for five different implant configurations. Two of the configurations used entry points only feasible when implant removal was not necessary.

Results

The stability of the osteotomy improved with an increased distance between the implants in the plane of the osteotomy as well as for a more perpendicular angle relative to the osteotomy plane. The implant configurations with more entry points available made this easier to adhere to.

Conclusion

The use of bioabsorbable implants may provide better opportunities for optimal implant constructs which can, to a certain degree, compensate for the lesser mechanical stiffness of bioabsorbable polymers as compared to metal implants.
Electrophysiological and pathological changes in the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles after early patellar reduction and nerve growth factor injection in rabbits with patellar dislocation
Authors: Wu Yu , Li Weifeng , Tang Shiyu , Liu Changli , Ji Gang , Wang Fei
Published: May 2022

Background

Patellar dislocation can cause a series of changes in the trochlear groove and patella. However, the influence of patellar dislocation on the medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles and whether nerve growth factor (NGF) is beneficial to proprioceptive rehabilitation for patellar dislocation are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on VM and VL after the injection of NGF and early reduction in rabbits for patellar dislocation with electrophysiological and pathological analysis.

Methods

Sixty 2-month-old rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (15 rabbits in each group). Rabbits in Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 underwent patellar dislocation surgery, and rabbits in Group 4 underwent sham surgery. One month later, patellar reduction was performed in Groups 1 and 2. NGF was injected into the rabbits of Group 1. The electrophysiological and pathological changes in VM and VL were analyzed at 1 month and 3 months after patellar reduction.

Results

The electrophysiological and pathological indices in Groups 1 and 2 were significantly different from those in Group 3 at 1 and 3 months after patellar reduction. There were significant differences between NGF injection Group 1 and Group 2 without NGF injection. There was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 4 at 3 months after patellar reduction.

Conclusions

Patellar dislocation can cause abnormal electrophysiological and pathological effects on VM and VL. Patellar reduction should be performed as early as possible, and NGF injection may be beneficial to the rehabilitation of proprioception.
A cross-sectional investigation of psychosocial stress factors in German families with children aged 0–3 years during the COVID-19 pandemic: initial results of the CoronabaBY study
Authors: Buechel Catherine , Nehring Ina , Seifert Clara , Eber Stefan , Behrends Uta , Mall Volker , Friedmann Anna
Published: May 2022

Background

Psychosocial stress during the COVID-19 pandemic is increasing particularly in parents. Although being specifically vulnerable to negative environmental exposures, research on psychosocial stress factors in infants’ and toddlers’ families during the pandemic is so far sparse. The CoronabaBY study investigates the perceived pandemic burden, parenting stress and parent and child mental health problems in families with children aged 0–3 years in Bavaria, Southern Germany. Further, the relationships between these psychosocial stressors are examined and sociodemographic characteristics that may be predictive of these factors will be explored.

Methods

Participants were cross-sectionally surveyed via smartphone app. Standardized questionnaires on perceived pandemic burden, parenting stress, parental symptoms of depression and anxiety, infants’ crying, sleeping and feeding problems or toddlers’ emotional and behavioral problems were applied.

Results

N = 991 parents (Mage = 33.7 years, SD = 4.5; 93.7% mothers, 91.5% born in Germany) with infants (n = 554; Mage = 5.9 months, SD = 3.0) or toddlers (n = 435; Mage = 25.9 months, SD = 6.5) participated in the first half-year of 2021. Sixty-five percent of the parents perceived a high pandemic burden, 37.7% experienced parenting stress and 24.1% showed affective symptoms (anxiety: 30.1%, depression: 18.5%). Feeding problems, crying/ sleeping problems and multiple regulatory problems were found in 34.8%, 26.2% and 13.5% of the infants, respectively. Amongst toddlers, 8.5% showed noticeable behavior and emotional problems. Children`s mental health problems correlated moderately with parenting stress and parental affective symptoms and weakly with perceived pandemic burden. A lower financial status, higher parental education and increasing child age were significant but weak predictors for higher parenting stress, affective symptoms and higher psychological problems in children.

Conclusions

A majority of the surveyed families with infants and toddlers experience the pandemic as stressful. The main challenges are parental affective symptoms and limited resources for childcare due to parenting stress. Overall, infants and toddlers show similar levels of mental health problems when being compared to pre-pandemic studies, but staggered detrimental effects on children`s mental health might occur if the stressful conditions persist. This is already indicated by correlations between parental and child psychosocial stress factors.
Can home rehabilitation impact impulse oscillometry and lung ultrasound findings in patients with scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease? A pilot study
Authors: de Alegria Samantha Gomes , Litrento Patrícia Frascari , de Oliveira Farias Iasmim , Mafort Thiago Thomaz , Lopes Agnaldo José
Published: May 2022

Objective

Exercise has been demonstrated to be beneficial for improving physical capacity and quality of life in people with scleroderma, although knowledge of its impact on the respiratory system is limited. This study evaluated the impact of therapist-oriented home rehabilitation (TOHR) on impulse oscillometry (IOS) and lung ultrasound (LUS) findings in patients with scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Results

Twelve women with scleroderma underwent spirometry, IOS, and LUS before and after performing TOHR. Regarding spirometry, a normal pattern and restrictive damage were observed in five (41.7%) and seven (58.3%) participants pre-TOHR and post-TOHR, respectively. For IOS, an abnormal result was detected in nine (75%) pre-TOHR participants and six (50%) post-TOHR participants. Heterogeneity of resistance between 4–20 Hz (R4-R20) > 20% of the predicted value was observed in eight (66.7%) pre-TOHR participants and three (25%) post-TOHR participants (P = 0.031). An abnormal LUS result was observed in nine (75%) participants both pre-TOHR and post-TOHR. The main change observed was B-lines > 2, which was noted in nine (75%) participants both pre-TOHR and post-TOHR. Our findings suggest that TOHR for women with scleroderma-associated ILD improves the resistance and reactance measured by IOS, including small airway disease.

Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05041868 Registered on: 13th September 2021.
Engaging Students around the Complex Socioscientific Issue of Sustainability: Affordances and Tensions of Faculty Working across Disciplines to Develop Transdisciplinary Curricula
Authors: Lenhart Cindy , Bouwma-Gearhart Jana
Published: May 2022

This phenomenological study that describes natural science, business, and social science faculty experiences across three institutions during the development of a transdisciplinary curriculum module. Implications for stakeholders interested in future efforts that involve faculty working across disciplines to develop curricula to meet societal needs are discussed.
Students’ Emotions, Perceived Coping, and Outcomes in Response to Research-Based Challenges and Failures in Two Sequential CUREs
Authors: Corwin Lisa A. , Ramsey Michael E. , Vance Eric A. , Woolner Elizabeth , Maiden Stevie , Gustafson Nina , Harsh Joseph A.
Published: May 2022

This study examines students’ experiences with research challenges and failures in the context of two sequential research-based courses. As a result of experiencing challenges and failures, students experience negative emotions. Yet, when provided time to iterate, they respond with adaptive coping behaviors and report positive outcomes.
Lisbon Field: Geology of microseepage
Authors: Dacre Cynthia K. , Berry John L. , Coulter David
Published: May 2022

Certain satellite sensors can be used for mineral identification and thus detection of alteration indicative of hydrocarbon microseepage. However, care must be taken when placing these results into context because alteration also can be due to other factors. The authors review the rationale for multiscale and multispectral image selection as well as the benefit of iterative processing, to highlight alteration within a given formation. The authors determine using remote sensing results integrated with other geologic information to confirm that alteration exists, compare results with a conceptual microseepage model, reconcile alteration pattern and extent with the geologic setting and trap timing, and appraise the potential that other factors may have caused alteration. The authors used geologic information from the well-studied Lisbon Field including, but not limited to, geochemistry, petrography and diagenetic studies, and paleo-structure reconstruction. We evaluated whether the alteration model made sense by assessing the thermal history and estimating volumetrics and seepage rate based on the geologic setting and extent of alteration. The results confirm that the alteration at the Lisbon Field is compatible with hydrocarbon microseepage as its principal cause, however, it cannot rule out the possibility that some of it may be due to hydrothermal fluid migration.
Global Challenges in Access to and Implementation of Precision Oncology: The Health Care Manager and Health Economist Perspective
Authors: Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Pan I-Wen , Teich Nelson
Published: May 2022

Precision medicine changes the landscape of oncology practices by offering the opportunity to optimize care through a more targeted, personalized approach of managing cancer treatments. However, precision oncology is costly and does not benefit all patients with cancer, making it critically important to consider the tradeoff between costs and health benefits. Here, we discuss the global challenges in implementing precision oncology from the perspective of health care management and health economics and emphasize the different challenges for high-income compared with low- and middle-income countries. For health care managers making resource allocation decisions, the decision to adopt, implement, and finance precision oncology must consider opportunity costs, and the allocation must be proportional to the system’s capacity. The standard approach of health technology assessment is inadequate because it fails to consider the capacity to pay. From an economic perspective, global implementation of precision oncology must confront the issues of accessibility, affordability, and system readiness. Low- and middle-income countries often have no or delayed access to novel targeted-therapy agents, find these drugs cost-prohibitive, and struggle to build the infrastructure with sufficient workforce and adequate testing and computing facilities to capitalize the benefit of precision oncology. Although high-income countries are better equipped to implement precision oncology, the challenges there lie in implementing strategies to maximize the value of precision oncology through promoting appropriate use while limiting inappropriate applications. The recent rollout of COVID-19 vaccines internationally highlights the importance of information uncertainty and offers valuable insights on global access to and implementation of precision oncology.
Assessment and Management of Primary Aldosteronism in Pregnancy: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Downie Elizabeth , Shanmugalingam Renuka , Hennessy Annemarie , Makris Angela
Published: May 2022

Context

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common secondary cause of hypertension. Literature regarding PA in pregnancy has demonstrated poor outcomes.

Objective

Compare the management and outcomes of PA in pregnancy to both high and low-risk matched controls.

Methods

This was a case-control trial conducted in a network of metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia. PA women (positive salt suppression test) with singleton pregnancies delivered after 20 weeks’ gestation were matched to women with high- and low-risk pregnancies. Management outcomes included pre-eclampsia prophylaxis and antihypertensive medications required prenatally, antenatally, and postnatally. Maternal outcomes included incidence of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, hypokalemia, mode of delivery, and length of stay postpartum. Neonatal outcomes included gestation, birthweight, intensive care unit admission, and length of stay.

Results

Fifty-nine women with 60 pregnancies were included (20 PA, 20 high risk, and 20 low risk). The number of antihypertensive medications women with PA took prepregnancy was similar to the high-risk group. A similar proportion of women in the PA and high-risk groups were prescribed pre-eclampsia prophylaxis and developed pre-eclampsia. Even after adjustment for several factors, PA was not independently associated with pre-eclampsia development. Women with PA had higher antihypertensive requirements and a longer stay in hospital postpartum than the high-risk group (both P = .02). There was no difference in neonatal adverse outcomes. Four women took epleronone during pregnancy without any adverse effects noted.

Conclusion

Women with PA required more antihypertensives and had a longer postpartum length of stay than matched high-risk women, but similar rates of pre-eclampsia. There was no difference in the rate of neonatal intensive care admissions or adverse outcomes for neonates.
The Bartter-Gitelman Spectrum: 50-Year Follow-up With Revision of Diagnosis After Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Stevenson Mark , Pagnamenta Alistair T , Mack Heather G , Savige Judith , Giacopuzzi Edoardo , Lines Kate E , Taylor Jenny C , Thakker Rajesh V
Published: May 2022

Bartter syndrome (BS) and Gitelman syndrome (GS) are renal tubular disorders affecting sodium, potassium, and chloride reabsorption. Clinical features include muscle cramps and weakness, in association with hypokalemia, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, and hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism. Hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria are typical of GS, while juxtaglomerular hyperplasia is characteristic of BS. GS is due to SLC12A3 variants, whereas BS is due to variants in SLC12A1, KCNJ1, CLCNKA, CLCNKB, BSND, MAGED2, or CASR. We had the opportunity to follow up one of the first reported cases of a salt-wasting tubulopathy, who based on clinical features was diagnosed with GS. The patient had presented at age 10 years with tetany precipitated by vomiting or diarrhea. She had hypokalemia, a hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, mild hypercalcemia, and normomagnesemia, and subsequently developed hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia. A renal biopsy showed no evidence for juxtaglomerular hyperplasia. She developed chronic kidney failure at age 55 years, and ocular sclerochoroidal calcification, associated with BS and GS, at older than 65 years. Our aim was therefore to establish the genetic diagnosis in this patient using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Leukocyte DNA was used for WGS analysis, and this revealed a homozygous c.226C > T (p.Arg76Ter) nonsense CLCNKB mutation, thereby establishing a diagnosis of BS type-3. WGS also identified 2 greater than 5-Mb regions of homozygosity that suggested likely mutational heterozygosity in her parents, who originated from a Greek island with fewer than 1500 inhabitants and may therefore have shared a common ancestor. Our results demonstrate the utility of WGS in establishing the correct diagnosis in renal tubular disorders with overlapping phenotypes.
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF READINESS OF FUTURE LAWYERS TO LAW-MAKING ACTIVITIES
Authors: Naumova Lyudmila Yu.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. The article discusses the criteria for assessing the level of formation of the readiness of future lawyers for law-making activities based on the application of various scientific conceptualization methods. Understanding the effectiveness of ongoing measures of pedagogical stimulation is possible on the basis of generalization of information about the control of the level of formation of readiness for law-making activities, which is carried out using a set of criteria for its assessment.

Materials and methods. The main methodological approaches on which the pedagogical stimulation of the formation of students’ readiness for law-making activities are based are activity, comprehensive, systemic, axiological, sign-contextual and individually differentiated approaches, which are a necessary and sufficient basis for solving the problems of such a study. The main methods of obtaining and processing scientific information were: the dialectical and system method; systematization and conceptualization; generalization and classification. When substantiating the criteria for assessing the readiness of future lawyers for law-making activities, the starting point was the structure of the readiness of future lawyers for law-making activities.

Results. The study identified and substantiated the following criteria: cognitive-legal; orientation-value; activity-creative. The levels of each of the criteria are: familiarization and information; professionally necessary; optimal-sufficient. The general functions of the criteria under study include: teleological; structural and organizational; generalizing-analytical; evaluation-level; information and diagnostic. The special functions of the criteria are: reflexive-corrective and prognostic; orientation-value; logical and argumentative.

Findings. The practical application of the criteria for assessing the level of formation of the readiness of future lawyers for law-making activities can be effectively carried out using the principles of consistency, continuity, algorithmic, objectivity, and combination with other diagnostic tools.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CULTURE OF A TEACHER-COACH AS THE BASIS FOR SUCCESSFUL COACHING YOUNG ATHLETES
Authors: Kochergina Inna S. , Serebrovskaya Natalia E. , Timin Sergey I. , Shelina Tamara T.
Published: May 2022

Purpose. The article is concerned with the theoretical and empirical study of such a complex and at the same time pivotal phenomenon of personality as the psychological culture of a teacher-coach. This phenomenon is considered as the basis of successful coaching training activities of a teacher-coach with young athletes. This article presents an analysis and review of the leading approaches to the understanding of the content of psychological culture within the framework of academic psychology studies, as a result a lack of consistency in the interpretation of the definition of ‘psychological culture’ and its role in the professional development of a teacher-coach are revealed.

Methodology. The goal of the study – to determine the content of the psychological culture of teacher-coaches and identify the predominant components of their psychological culture – is achieved through the methodology of subjectivity. The results of the study were gathered in one of the major sports schools of Nizhny Novgorod (Russia). In the empirical part of the study, a specially selected diagnostic complex of psychological techniques was used to determine the structural components of the phenomenon under study and to identify the role of each of them. The results of the diagnostics were processed using Spearman’s correlation analysis, which showed the significant interdependencies between the main characteristics of the phenomenon of the psychological culture of the teacher-coach and the importance of the structural trinity in the formation of the phenomenon under study.

Results. The result of the study presented in the article states a direct connection between the distinct manifestation of the components of the psychological culture of a teacher-coach and the success of their coaching activities, i.e. the achievements of young athletes and also defines the psychological culture as a phenomenon of personality that affects the professional success in coaching activities.
Interacción tras el volante de los conductores de taxi en Bogotá: Estudio sobre la construcción de significados en su trabajo
Authors: Galeano Lorena , Madrigal Daniela
Published: May 2022

El trabajo de los conductores de taxi va más allá de transportar individuos de un lugar a otro. En medio de los recorridos por la ciudad, los conductores de taxi construyen interacciones entre sí, con otros agentes sociales, con el taxi, con el espacio y con el tiempo; es en estas interacciones donde forman los significados sobre el trabajo de conducir taxi. En esta investigación se retoma la teoría del interaccionismo simbólico —propuesto por Herbert Blumer— para analizar la construcción de significados sociales en la actividad de los conductores de taxi en Bogotá, Colombia. Este análisis se complementa con las teorías del trabajo no clásico (De la Garza) y de redes sociales (Lomnitz). Entonces, a partir del análisis de los datos y de estas tres teorías, se evidencia que las interacciones son el medio que permite la creación de significados que tienen los conductores de taxi de su trabajo; además se muestra que esas interacciones permiten la entrada, la permanencia y la supervivencia en este gremio.
New Constructions of Obviously Strategyproof Mechanisms
Authors: Ferraioli Diodato , Meier Adrian , Penna Paolo , Ventre Carmine
Published: May 2022

Catering to the incentives of people with limited rationality is a challenging research direction that requires novel paradigms to design mechanisms. Obviously strategy-proof (OSP) mechanisms have recently emerged as the concept of interest to this research agenda. However, the majority of the literature in the area has either highlighted the shortcomings of OSP or focused on the “right” definition rather than on the construction of these mechanisms. Here, we give the first set of tight results on the approximation guarantee of OSP mechanisms for scheduling related machines and a characterization of set system instances for which OSP mechanisms that return optimal solutions exist. By extending the well-known cycle monotonicity technique, we are able to concentrate on the algorithmic component of OSP mechanisms and provide some novel paradigms for their design, when private types belong to a set with few values. In essence, we prove that OSP encompasses careful interleaving of ascending and descending auctions.

Funding: Diodato Ferraioli was partially supported by GNCS-INdAM, and by the Italian MIUR [PRIN 2017 Project ALGADIMAR] (Algorithms, Games, and Digital Markets). Carmine Ventre was partially supported by the UKRI Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Hub [EP/V00784X/1].
A new opportunity for midwives
Authors: Paxman Sarah , Koutrouza Sascha , Temke Anna
Published: May 2022

Sarah Paxman, Sascha Koutrouza and Anna Temke share their experiences as members of the first cohort of NHS regional clinical fellow midwives
Mind the implementation gap: the persistence of avoidable harm in the NHS
Authors: Grime Paul
Published: May 2022

This editorial reviews the ‘Mind the Implementation Gap’ report, which calls for the government, parliamentarians and NHS leaders to take action to address the underlying causes of avoidable harm in healthcare and details specific recommendations relating to the areas of the implementation gap.
Islamophobia in Portugal, Beyond the National Register
Authors: Araújo Marta
Published: May 2022

The relationship between Islam and Portugal is intimately tied to processes of national formation and diverse in terms of the key protagonists, historical periods, and political conjunctures that it evokes – hence it is particularly suited for the contextualised study of Islamophobia. Drawing on a larger European study, and specifically on discourse analysis and empirical research on the Portuguese context, this article examines, on the one hand, narratives on Muslims and Islam circulating in the academic literature and in cyberspace (2000–20); on the other, different expressions of Islamophobia – individual and institutional (Sayyid 2014a): i) a case of mosque vandalism and practices of media reporting; ii) concerns regarding educational equality raised by research participants, namely regarding school organisation and history teaching. Engaging with the intrinsic instability of the category Muslim – across historical junctures, political contexts, and academic disciplines – this article calls for an engagement with Islamophobia beyond the national register (Vakil 2010), revealing how the wider circulation of public discourse and interventions constrains the possibility of articulating Muslim political subjectivities.
Interferometrical single-molecule localization based on dynamic PSF engineering: publisher’s note
Authors: Wang Lei , Lu Jing , Ji Wei , Wan Lingyu , Gu Lusheng
Published: May 2022

This publisher’s note contains a correction to Opt. Lett. 47, 1770 (2022)10.1364/OL.453113.
Temporal search persistence, certainty, and source preference in dentistry: Results from the National Dental PBRN
Authors: Isett Kimberley R. , Doshi Ameet M. , Rosenblum Simone , Eller Warren , Hicks Diana , Melkers Julia ,   the National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The primary goal of this paper was to investigate an old question in a new way: what are the search patterns that professionals demonstrate when faced with a specific knowledge gap?

Methods

We examine data from a cascading survey question design that captures details about searching for information to answer a self-nominated clinical question from 1027 dental professionals enrolled in the National Dental Practice Based Research Network. Descriptive and conditional logistical regression analysis techniques were used.

Results

61% of professionals in our sample choose informal sources of information, with only about 11% looking to formal peer reviewed evidence. The numbers of professionals turning to general internet searches is more than twice as high as any other information source other than professional colleagues. Dentists with advanced training and specialists are significantly more likely to consult peer-reviewed sources, and women in the sample were more likely than men to continue searching past a first source.

Conclusions

Speed/availability of information may be just as, or in some cases, more important than credibility for professionals’ search behavior. Additionally, our findings suggest that more insights are needed into how various categories of professionals within a profession seek information differently.
Integrated model for food-energy-water (FEW) nexus to study global sustainability: The main generalized global sustainability model (GGSM)
Authors: Nisal Apoorva , Diwekar Urmila , Hanumante Neeraj , Shastri Yogendra , Cabezas Heriberto
Published: May 2022

Over the years, several global models have been proposed to forecast global sustainability, provide a framework for sustainable policy-making, or to study sustainability across the FEW nexus. An integrated model is presented here with components like food-web ecosystem dynamics, microeconomics components, including energy producers and industries, and various socio-techno-economic policy dimensions. The model consists of 15 compartments representing a simplified ecological food-web set in a macroeconomic framework along with a rudimentary legal system. The food-web is modeled by Lotka–Volterra type expressions, whereas the economy is represented by a price-setting model wherein firms and human households attempt to maximize their economic well-being. The model development is done using global-scale data for stocks and flows of food, energy, and water, which were used to parameterize this model. Appropriate proportions for some of the ecological compartments like herbivores and carnivores are used to model those compartments. The modeling of the human compartment was carried out using historical data for the global mortality rate. Historical data were used to parameterize the model. Data for key variables like the human population, GDP growth, greenhouse gases like CO2 and NOX emissions were used to validate the model. The model was then used to make long-term forecasts and to study global sustainability over an extended time. The purpose of this study was to create a global model which can provide techno-socio-economic policy solutions for global sustainability. Further, scenario analysis was conducted for cases where the human population or human consumption increases rapidly to observe the impact on the sustainability of the planet over the next century. The results indicated that the planet can support increased population if the per capita consumption levels do not rise. However, increased consumption resulted in exhaustion of natural resources and increased the CO2 emissions by a multiple of 100.
Transcriptome and physiological analysis of increase in drought stress tolerance by melatonin in tomato
Authors: Yang Lu , Bu Sijia , Zhao Shengxue , Wang Ning , Xiao Jiaxin , He Feng , Gao Xuan
Published: May 2022

Drought stress seriously affects tomato growth, yield and quality. Previous reports have pointed out that melatonin (MT) can alleviate drought stress damage to tomato. To better understand the possible physiological and molecular mechanisms, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and leaf transcriptome profiles were analyzed in the “Micro Tom” tomato cultivar with or without melatonin irrigation under normal and drought conditions. Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) simulated continuous drought treatment reduced plant height, but melatonin treatment improved plant growth rate. Physiological parameter measurements revealed that the drought-induced decreases in maximum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, the effective quantum yield of PSII, electron transfer rate, and photochemical quenching value caused by PEG6000 treatment were alleviated by melatonin treatment, which suggests a protective effect of melatonin on PSII. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 447, 3982, 4526 and 3258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparative groups plus-melatonin vs. minus-melatonin (no drought), drought vs. no drought (minus-melatonin), drought vs. no drought (melatonin) and plus-melatonin vs. minus-melatonin (drought), respectively. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that DEGs in the four comparative groups were involved in multiple metabolic processes and closely related to hormone signal transduction and transcription factors. Transcriptome data revealed that melatonin changed the expression pattern of most hormone signal transduction related DEGs induced by drought, and improved plant drought resistance by down-regulating the expression of linoleic acid catabolic enzyme genes. These results provide new insights into a probable mechanism of the melatonin-induced protection of photosynthesis and enhancement of drought tolerance in tomato plants.
Remote assessment of DMFT and number of implants with intraoral digital photography in an elderly patient population – a comparative study
Authors: Ciardo Antonio , Sonnenschein Sarah K. , Simon Marlinde M. , Ruetters Maurice , Spindler Marcia , Ziegler Philipp , Reccius Ingvi , Spies Alexander-Nicolaus , Kykal Jana , Baumann Eva-Marie , Fackler Susanne , Büsch Christopher , Kim Ti-Sun
Published: May 2022

Objectives

This comparative study aimed to evaluate intraoral digital photography (IODP) as assessment-tool for DMFT and number of implants (IMPL) compared to clinical diagnosis (CLIN) in an elderly population with high restorative status. Secondary research questions were whether an additional evaluation of panoramic radiographs (PAN-X) or raters’ clinical experience influence the agreement.

Methods

Fifty patients (70.98±7.60 years) were enrolled for standardized CLIN and IODP. The clinical reference examiner and ten blinded raters evaluated the photographs without and with a PAN-X regarding DMFT and IMPL. CLIN were used as reference standard and differences to IODP and IODP-PAN-X findings were analysed descriptively. To assess intra-rater agreement, pairwise Gwet’s AC1s of the three diagnostic methods CLIN, IODP and IODP+PAN-X were calculated.

Results

Compared to a DMFT of 22.10±3.75 (CLIN), blinded raters evaluated a DMFT of 21.54±3.40 (IODP) and 22.12±3.45 (IODP+PAN-X). Mean values for “Decayed” were 0.18±0.52 (CLIN), 0.45±0.46 (IODP) and 0.48±0.47 (IODP-PAN-X), while 11.02±5.97 (CLIN), 10.66±5.78 (IODP) and 10.93±5.91 (IODP+PAN-X) were determined for “Missing” and 10.90±5.61 (CLIN), 10.43±4.85 (IODP) and 10.71±5.11 (IODP+PAN-X) for “Filled”. IMPL were 0.78±2.04 (CLIN), 0.58±1.43 (IODP), 0.78±2.04 (IODP+PAN-X). Gwet’s AC1 using the mode of the blinded raters’ assessment of "Decayed", "Missing" and IMPL compared to CLIN ranged from 0.81 to 0.89 (IODP) and 0.87 to 1.00 (IODP+PAN-X), while for "Filled" and DMFT they were 0.29 and 0.36 (IODP) as well as 0.33 and 0.36 (IODP+PAN-X), respectively. Clinical experience did not influence the agreement.

Conclusions

Assessment of “Decayed”, “Missing” and IMPL by IODP showed almost perfect agreement, whereas of “Filled” and DMFT revealed fair to moderate agreement with clinical findings. Additional PAN-X-evaluation increased agreement compared to IODP-diagnostics alone. IODP for the assessment of DMFT and IMPL might be a suitable method in large-scale epidemiological studies, considering high agreement in total values and miscellaneous agreement at patient-level.
Garlic (Allium sativum) feature-specific nutrient dosage based on using machine learning models
Authors: Hahn Leandro , Parent Léon-Étienne , Paviani Angela Cristina , Feltrim Anderson Luiz , Wamser Anderson Fernando , Rozane Danilo Eduardo , Ender Marcos Matos , Grando Douglas Luiz , Moura-Bueno Jean Michel , Brunetto Gustavo
Published: May 2022

Brazil presents large yield gaps in garlic crops partly due to nutrient mismanagement at local scale. Machine learning (ML) provides powerful tools to handle numerous combinations of yield-impacting factors that help reducing the number of assumptions about nutrient management. The aim of the current study is to customize fertilizer recommendations to reach high garlic marketable yield at local scale in a pilot study. Thus, collected 15 nitrogen (N), 24 phosphorus (P), and 27 potassium (K) field experiments conducted during the 2015 to 2017 period in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. In addition, 61 growers’ observational data were collected in the same region in 2018 and 2019. The data set was split into 979 experimental and observational data for model calibration and into 45 experimental data (2016) to test ML models and compare the results to state recommendations. Random Forest (RF) was the most accurate ML to predict marketable yield after cropping system (cultivar, preceding crops), climatic indices, soil test and fertilization were included features as predictor (R2 = 0.886). Random Forest remained the most accurate ML model (R2 = 0.882) after excluding cultivar and climatic features from the prediction-making process. The model suggested the application of 200 kg N ha-1 to reach maximum marketable yield in a test site in comparison to the 300 kg N ha-1 set as state recommendation. P and K fertilization also seemed to be excessive, and it highlights the great potential to reduce production costs and environmental footprint without agronomic loss. Garlic root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi likely contributed to P and K uptake. Well-documented data sets and machine learning models could support technology transfer, reduce costs with fertilizers and yield gaps, and sustain the Brazilian garlic production.