bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transition from paediatric surgery: how many patients do we need to plan for?
Authors: Jones AR , John M , Singh SJ , Williams AR
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION

Transitional care is an NHS priority with newly published NICE guidance. Many paediatric surgical patients need quality care to continue into adulthood. We undertook an evaluation of our departmental activity to assess the magnitude of this issue.

METHODS

We identified all outpatients ≥ 15 years (potentially requiring imminent transition) seen over a 12 month period for all five general paediatric surgery consultants in our tertiary centre. Those patients requiring transition were highlighted and the appropriate adult team for referral recorded.

RESULTS

There were 2989 general paediatric surgery clinic appointments within the year; 289 (9.7%) were for young people aged 15 years or older; 62 patients (28% of those ≥ 15years) were deemed to require transition into adult care. Significantly more patients having colorectal surgery required follow-up (P = 0.0009 Chi-square test) compared with patients in other subspecialties.

CONCLUSIONS

More patients than expected required transition. This may be the case in other units. Current best practice includes time intensive preclinic planning, careful preparation of patient and family, followed by joint clinics. A joint clinic appointment takes 30 minutes, allowing for comprehensive handover and forging new relationships. In our department, we need at least ten transition clinics across 2 years. Coalition with adult colleagues is vital. These data enable us to plan services to provide quality care for our adolescent patients and highlights colorectal surgery as a priority.
feature article: Doing a lot with little: The camera’s minimalist point of view in the films of Aki Kaurismäki
Authors: Seppälä Jaakko
Published: September 2016

Aki Kaurismäki’s film style has often been labelled minimalist, but the concept has been used without an exact definition and even fundamental questions relating to his minimalism have gone unanswered. This article contextualizes Kaurismäki’s cinematography as well as explores in detail his systematic and significant use of camera techniques that can be productively understood as minimalist. Examples demonstrate how Kaurismäki’s camera positions the audience in a specific relationship to the story world and its characters, guiding viewers to experience these from what is termed the camera’s minimalist point of view.
From sports facilities to sports organizations: The role of metropolitan municipalities
Spor tesislerinden spor organizasyonlarına: Türkiye’de büyükşehir belediyelerinin rolü
Authors: Temel Cenk , Akyol Ender
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study is to determine the place and coverage of sports in the services of metropolitan municipalities in Turkey. The document analysis technique, which is one of the qualitative research methods, has been used in the study. For this purpose, a research form having 7 structured questions was sent to 30 municipalities that were accepted as 16 metropolitan municipalities in 2014, which is the year the study was conducted. The findings of the study were obtained from 16 metropolitan municipalities which answered to the research form. According to the findings, the sportive activities of the metropolitan municipalities are mainly realized as playground and facility investments, and there are no sufficient activities and data due to the conversion that was caused by the abolishment of Special Provincial Administrations and the Law 6360. On the other hand, in the municipalities that were established before the Law 6360, it is observed that there are sportive organizations intended for the participation of different age groups in different branches as well as investments on playgrounds and facilities. According to the findings, there is a conversion in Turkey about sportive organizations on the centralization and localization axis observed to have started from the center moving to the local areas via metropolitan municipalities with the Law 6360 and with the experiences of the metropolitan municipalities that were established before the same law.  ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de büyükşehir belediye hizmetlerinin içerisinde sporun yerinin ve kapsamının belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi tekniği benimsenmiştir. Bu amaçla araştırmanın gerçekleştirildiği 2014 yılında büyükşehir statüsünde olan toplam 30 büyükşehir belediyesine araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmış ve içerisinde yedi yapılandırılmış soru bulunan araştırma formu gönderilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları araştırma formuna cevap veren 16 büyükşehir belediyesinden elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, büyükşehir belediyelerince spor faaliyetlerinin genellikle saha ve tesis yatırımları şeklinde gerçekleştirildiği, il özel idarelerinin kaldırılması ile yaşanan dönüşüm sonucunda ve 6360 sayılı yasa ile kurulan büyükşehir belediyelerinde spora ilişkin henüz yeterli bir faaliyetin ve verinin olmadığı, buna rağmen 6360 sayılı yasadan önce kurulmuş belediyelerde ise saha ve tesis yatırımlarının yanı sıra farklı branşlarda ve farklı yaş gruplarının katılımına yönelik sportif organizasyonların gerçekleştirildiği belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgulara göre, 6360 sayılı yasadan önce kurulmuş olan büyükşehir belediyelerinin deneyimi ve 6360 sayılı yasa ile Türkiye’de merkezileşme ve yerelleşme ekseninde sportif organizasyon konusunda büyükşehir belediyeleri aracılığıyla merkezden yerele doğru bir dönüşüm olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Isoperimetric Regions in Rn with Density rp
Authors: Boyer Wyatt , Brown Bryan , Chambers Gregory R. , Loving Alyssa , Tammen Sarah
Published: September 2016

We show that the unique isoperimetric regions in Rn with density rp for n ≥ 3 and p > 0 are balls
with boundary through the origin.
Peer groups splitting in Croatian EQA scheme: a trade-off between homogeneity and sample size number
Authors: Vlašić Tanasković Jelena , Coucke Wim , Leniček Krleža Jasna , Vuković Rodriguez Jadranka
Published: September 2016

Background:

Laboratory evaluation through external quality assessment (EQA) schemes is often performed as ‘peer group’ comparison under the assumption that matrix effects influence the comparisons between results of different methods, for analytes where no commutable materials with reference value assignment are available. With EQA schemes that are not large but have many available instruments and reagent options for same analyte, homogenous peer groups must be created with adequate number of results to enable satisfactory statistical evaluation. We proposed a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)-based test to evaluate heterogeneity of peer groups within the Croatian EQA biochemistry scheme and identify groups where further splitting might improve laboratory evaluation.

Methods:

EQA biochemistry results were divided according to instruments used per analyte and the MANOVA test was used to verify statistically significant differences between subgroups. The number of samples was determined by sample size calculation ensuring a power of 90% and allowing the false flagging rate to increase not more than 5%. When statistically significant differences between subgroups were found, clear improvement of laboratory evaluation was assessed before splitting groups.

Results:

After evaluating 29 peer groups, we found strong evidence for further splitting of six groups. Overall improvement of 6% reported results were observed, with the percentage being as high as 27.4% for one particular method.

Conclusions:

Defining maximal allowable differences between subgroups based on flagging rate change, followed by sample size planning and MANOVA, identifies heterogeneous peer groups where further splitting improves laboratory evaluation and enables continuous monitoring for peer group heterogeneity within EQA schemes.
Economic evaluation of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy in acute respiratory infections: a Chinese hospital system perspective
Authors: Stojanovic Ivana , Schneider John E. , Wei Long , Hong Zhan , Keane Clara , Schuetz Philipp
Published: September 2016

Background:

Cost-impact models have indicated that in the USA, the use of antibiotic stewardship protocols based on procalcitonin (PCT) levels for patients with suspected acute respiratory tract infection results in cost savings. Our objective was to assess the cost impact of adopting PCT testing among patients with acute respiratory infections (ARI) from the perspective of a typical hospital system in urban China.

Methods:

To conduct an economic evaluation of PCT testing versus usual care we built a cost-impact model based on a previously published patient-level meta-analysis data of randomized trials including Chinese sites. The data were adapted to the China setting by applying the results to mean lengths of stay, costs, and practice patterns typically found in China. We estimated the annual ARI visit rate for the typical hospital system (assumed to be 1650 beds) and ARI diagnosis.

Results:

In the inpatient setting, the costs of PCT-guided care compared to usual care for a cohort of 16,405 confirmed ARI patients was almost 1.1 million Chinese yuan (CNY), compared to almost 1.8 million CNY for usual care, resulting in net savings of 721,563 CNY to a typical urban Chinese hospital system for 2015. In the ICU and outpatient settings, savings were 250,699 CNY and 2.4 million CNY, respectively. The overall annual net savings of PCT-guided care was nearly 3.4 million CNY.

Conclusions:

Substantial savings are associated with PCT protocols of ARI across common China hospital treatment settings mainly by direct reduction in unnecessary antibiotic utilization.
Pluriclosed flow on manifolds with globally
generated bundles
Authors: Streets Jeffrey
Published: September 2016

We show global existence and convergence results for the pluriclosed flow on manifolds for which
certain naturally associated tensor bundles are globally generated.
Rural Idyll Without Rural Sociology? Changing Features, Functions and Research of the Czech Countryside
Authors: Šimon Martin , Bernard Josef
Published: September 2016

The development of the Czech countryside differs in many ways from trajectories typical for Eastern and Central European rural areas in the last 25 years. In our article, we discuss the nature of the ‘Czech exceptionalism’, with reference to three examples, namely population development, the dynamics of rural/agricultural labour markets and rural governance. Firstly, we describe the major driving forces behind rural development in Czechia over the past 25 years and how these forces are reflected in the academic discourse. Secondly, we argue that an important feature of rural regions in Czechia is their population growth combined with a rapid labour market transformation and a low social importance of agriculture. All these changes are interpreted as a shift towards multifunctionality of rural areas rather than as a general trend towards post-productivism; indeed, this is because large parts of rural areas remain economically based on industrial production. The ongoing transformations have been reflected only partially in an academic discourse. In conclusion, we argue that there is a need to re-examine the use of EEC as a concept framing the position of sociology in rural research.
Local Responses to the Structural Changes of National Development Policyin Hungarian Rural Regions
Authors: Perger Eva
Published: September 2016

The paper is based on the preliminary results of an ongoing research programme supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund. The objective of the research is to find out how local actors react to the changing development policy context, how it shapes the local practices of local agents, and how such interactions influence local society and the development of rural micro-regions. The main pillars of the study are subject-oriented case-studies in two rural microregions. The pilot regions are very similar in terms of geographical location, natural resources, population, territory, settlement structure and economicsocial status, yet they have followed a very different development track, mainly due to the different local reactions to the changing state development policy. Our research demonstrates that the key factor of local success is multi-level (settlement, micro-region) cooperation between various (public, private and civil) local stakeholders. The crucial demand for a main facilitator of local cooperation could be satisfied by the local government, provided that it is able to adapt to the frequent changes leading to the emergence of new social networks. No evidence is found to indicate the existence of a ‘project class’ within the local rural societies assuming an intermediary role between decision makers and beneficiaries. The traditional structures of power (based on party- and economic hierarchy) seem to survive. Although project-based implementation has become predominant in development policy, the main arena of the ‘struggle’ to obtain development resources is still the political one.
Cooperative Movements in Rural Areas in Contemporary Poland: A Brief Comparison of Farmers’ Attitudes of Members and Non-memebrs of Coooperatives
Authors: Nowak Piotr , Jastrzębiec-Witowska Anna , Gorlach Krzysztof
Published: September 2016

In this paper the authors consider some issues concerning the problems of rural cooperatives in contemporary Poland. In the first part, the important role of cooperatives in agricultural changes as well as rural development has been stressed, especially as an opposition to neo-liberal tendencies in the food economy. In such a context, the authors would like to compare some opinions concerning cooperative movements presented by farmers who are members and non-members of cooperatives. The characteristics of respondents contain some information about their sex, age, level of education as well as ownership status, including also the size of the possessed farms. Moreover, the presentation of attitudes has been focussed on the issues of cooperation with other farmers as well as general trust in others. The issues of knowledge about cooperative ideas and contemporary cooperative movements have been taken into consideration. In the final part of the empirical analysis some opinions concerning major obstacles to the development of cooperative movements have been considered. To conclude the whole paper the authors stress some differences in opinions and attitudes between members and non-members of cooperatives. However, what seems to be even more important is that even farmers who are members of cooperatives lacked sufficient knowledge on issues that make cooperatives successful.
Religious Tourism in the South-Moravian and Zlín Regions: Proposal for Three New Pilgrimage Routes
Authors: Horák Miroslav , Kozumplíková Alice , Somerlíková Kristína , Lorencová Helena , Lampartová Ivana
Published: September 2016

This article contains results of the research on religious tourism in the South Moravian and Zlín regions. The aim of this research was to identify new pilgrimage routes. The methodology was based on the implementation of survey interviewers and the design of religious and cultural tourism conceptual strategy. There were 1222 respondents participating in the survey interviewers. The results show that 58% of them consider ‘religious tourism’ a visit to pilgrimage places not just by believers and that 43% of respondents have never been to any pilgrimage. The conceptual strategy focused on the assessment of tourism potential of selected sites and designed 3 new pilgrimage routes: 1) Vranov - Křtiny - Velehrad; 2) Mikulov - Břeclav - Mikulčice (connection of St. Jacobs Route and European Cultural Route of St. Cyril and Methodius) and 3) Radhošť - Rajnochovice - Svatý Hostýn. Three priorities that may serve as a framework for the development of religious tourism in the South Moravian and Zlín regions were set as well.
The effects of thermal treatment on the nanomechanical behavior of bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex H. de Lehaie) cell walls observed by nanoindentation, XRD, and wet chemistry
Authors: Li Yanjun , Huang Chengjian , Wang Li , Wang Siqun , Wang Xinzhou
Published: September 2016

The effects of thermal treatment of bamboo at 130, 150, 170, and 190°C for 2, 4, and 6 h were investigated in terms of changes in chemical composition, cellulose crystallinity, and mechanical behavior of the cell-wall level by means of wet chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nanoindentation (NI). Particularly, the reduced elastic modulus (E
r), hardness (H), and creep behavior were in focus. Both the temperature and treatment time showed significant effects. Expectedly, the hemicelluloses were degraded and the relative lignin content was elevated, while the crystallinity of the cellulose moiety was increased upon thermal treatment. The E
r and H data of the cell wall were increased after 6 h treatment at 190°C, from 18.4 to 22.0 GPa and from 0.45 to 0.65 GPa, respectively. The thermal treatment led to a decrease of the creep ratio (C
IT) under the same conditions by ca. 28%. The indentation strain state (ε
i) also decreased significantly after thermal treatment during the load-holding stage.
Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of leaf extract and fractions of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright
Authors: Sonibare Mubo A. , Ayoola Ibukun O. , Elufioye Taiwo O.
Published: September 2016

Background:

This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the leaf extract and different fractions of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W. Wright, and also to identify and quantify some phenolic compounds in the extract.

Methods:

The antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the methanol extract (CME), ethyl acetate (EAF), chloroform (CHF), and n-hexane (NHF) fractions of A. adianthifolia leaves were subjected to in vitro chemical analyses.

Results:

Phytochemical screening revealed important classes of secondary metabolites. All extracts showed good antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The EAF and CHF gave the highest total phenolic contents of 18.02±0.14 and 18.43±0.95 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract, respectively. The polar extracts gave the highest activity in both assays with lower IC50 values. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging activity assay, the IC50 values of CME, EAF, CHF, and NHF were 77.74±0.84, 55.76±2.30, 58.47±0.72, and 232.24±2.70 µg/mL, respectively, while in the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory assay, the IC50 values of CME, EAF, CHF, and NHF were 11.80±0.88, 10.04±1.67, 17.44±1.74, and 124.38±1.51 µg/mL, respectively.

Conclusions:

The results of this study suggest that the leaf of A. adianthifolia could serve as a potential candidate for future search of antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for the management of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Ashanti pepper (Piper guineense Schumach et Thonn) attenuates carbohydrate hydrolyzing, blood pressure regulating and cholinergic enzymes in experimental type 2 diabetes rat model
Authors: Adefegha Stephen Adeniyi , Oboh Ganiyu , Adefegha Omowunmi Monisola
Published: September 2016

Background:

Ashanti pepper (Piper guineense Schumach et Thonn) seed is well known in folkloric medicine in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with little or no scientific documentation for its action. This study investigated the effect of Ashanti pepper seed on some enzymes relevant to carbohydrate hydrolysis, blood regulation and the cholinergic system, as well as the blood glucose level, lipid profile, antioxidant parameters, and hepatic and renal function markers in T2DM rats.

Methods:

T2DM was induced by feeding rats with high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 days followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of 35 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ). Three days after STZ induction, diabetic rats were placed on a dietary regimen containing 2%–4% Ashanti pepper.

Results:

Reduced blood glucose level with decreased α-amylase, α-glucosidase and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activities were observed in Ashanti pepper seed and acarbose-treated rat groups when compared to that of the diabetic control rat group. Furthermore, the results revealed that inclusion of 2%–4% Ashanti pepper seed in diabetic rat fed group diets may ameliorate the lipid profile, antioxidant status, and hepatic and renal function in T2DM rats as much as in the acarbose-treated groups. In addition, a chromatographic profile of the seed revealed the presence of quercitrin (116.51 mg/g), capsaicin (113.94 mg/g), dihydrocapsaicin (88.29 mg/g) and isoquercitrin (74.89 mg/g).

Conclusions:

The results from this study clearly suggest that Ashanti pepper could serve as a promising source of phenolic compounds with great alternative therapeutic potentials in the management of T2DM.
Comparative studies on the effects of clinically used anticonvulsants on the oxidative stress biomarkers in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling model of epileptogenesis in mice
Authors: Mazhar Faizan , Malhi Saima M. , Simjee Shabana U.
Published: September 2016

Background:

Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and contributes in underlying epileptogenesis process. Anticonvulsant drugs targeting the oxidative stress domain of epileptogenesis may provide better control of seizure. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of clinically used anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) on the course of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling and oxidative stress markers in mice.

Methods:

Six mechanistically heterogeneous anticonvulsants: phenobarbital, phenytoin, levetiracetam, pregabalin, topiramate, and felbamate were selected and their redox profiles were determined. Diazepam was used as a drug control for comparison. Kindling was induced by repeated injections of a sub-convulsive dose of PTZ (50 mg/kg, s.c.) on alternate days until seizure score 5 was evoked in the control kindled group. Anticonvulsants were administered daily. Following PTZ kindling, oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed in homogenized whole brain samples and estimated for the levels of nitric oxide, peroxide, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, reduced glutathione, and activities of nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase.

Results:

Biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species with a parallel decrease in endogenous anti-oxidants in PTZ-kindled control animals. Daily treatment with levetiracetam and felbamate significantly decreased the PTZ-induced seizure score as well as the levels of nitric oxide (p<0.001), nitric oxide synthase activity (p<0.05), peroxide levels (p<0.05), and malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Levetiracetam and felbamate significantly decreased lipid and protein peroxidation whereas topiramate was found to reduce lipid peroxidation only.

Conclusions:

An AED that produces anticonvulsant effect by the diversified mechanism of action such as levetiracetam, felbamate, and topiramate exhibited superior anti-oxidative stress activity in addition to their anticonvulsant activity.
Healing Chains, Relationships of Power and Competing Religious Imageries in the Monastery of Saints Kosmas and Damian in Kuklen (Bulgaria)
Authors: Lubanska Magdalena
Published: September 2016

This article* offers an anthropological analysis of a conflict over the use of a set of ‘healing chains’ and other focal objects kept in the Orthodox Christian monastery of Saints Kosmas and Damian in Kuklen, Bulgaria. In a nutshell, the conflict captures the leading religious imageries propagated by the custodians of the monastery on the one hand, and the spiritual leaders of a new religious movement, so-called Deunovians, on the other. The analysis helps situate some of the significant changes currently affecting the religious culture of Orthodox Christians in Bulgaria within a broader social and cultural context.
Rejoinder to Myers (2016)
Authors: Silva Rajitha M. , Swartz Tim B.
Published: September 2016

In this rejoinder we summarize the differences between Myers, B. R. 2012. “A Proposed Decision Rule for the Timing of Soccer Substitutions.”
Rice husk and rice husk ash reutilization into
nanoporous materials for adsorptive biomedical
applications: A review
Authors: Cheah Wee-Keat , Ooi Chee-Heong , Yeoh Fei-Yee
Published: September 2016

The continuous generation of rice husk biomass
makes this waste biomass a consistent and renewable resource
for carbon zero power generation. Biochar from
the power generation industry could be further utilized
and converted into activated carbon through a simple activation
process, foregoing the conventional carbonization
process. Complete combustion of rice husk into rice husk
ash could be subsequently processed into sodium silicate
with little difficultly since more than 90%of the rice husk
ash constituent is silica. Sodium silicate is used mainly as
a precursor for both the synthesis of mesoporous silica and
zeolite. This paper reviews on the various nanoporous adsorbents
derived from a single rice husk biomass.
Almost automorphic solution for some
stochastic evolution equation driven by Lévy
noise with coefficients S2−almost
automorphic
Authors: Mbaye Mamadou Moustapha
Published: September 2016

In this work we first introduce the concept of Poisson Stepanov-like almost automorphic (Poisson
S2−almost automorphic) processes in distribution. We establish some interesting results on the functional
space of such processes like an composition theorems. Next, under some suitable assumptions, we establish
the existence, the uniqueness and the stability of the square-mean almost automorphic solutions in distribution
to a class of abstract stochastic evolution equations driven by Lévy noise in case when the functions
forcing are both continuous and S2−almost automorphic. We provide an example to illustrate ours results.
(0 0 2)-oriented growth and morphologies of ZnO thin films prepared by sol-gel method
Authors: Guo Dongyun , Ju Yang , Fu Chengju , Huang Zhixiong , Zhang Lianmeng
Published: September 2016

Zinc acetate was used as a starting material to prepare Zn-solutions from solvents and ligands with different boiling temperature. The ZnO thin films were prepared on Si(1 0 0) substrates by spin-coating method. The effect of baking temperature and boiling temperature of the solvents and ligands on their morphologies and orientation was investigated. The solvents and ligands with high boiling temperature were favorable for relaxation of mechanical stress to form the smooth ZnO thin films. As the solvents and ligands with low boiling temperature were used to prepare Zn-solutions, the prepared ZnO thin films showed (0 0 2) preferred orientation. As n-propanol, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-(methylamino)ethanol and monoethanolamine were used to prepare Zn-solutions, highly (0 0 2)-oriented ZnO thin films were formed by adjusting the baking temperature.
Proceedings from the 1st Insights in Hematology Symposium, Cluj-Napoca, Romania March 11-12, 2016
Authors: Bojan Anca , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Ciurea S. , Dima Delia , Fuji Shigeo , Ghiaur G. , Grewal Ravnit , Mccormack Emmet , Tanase Alina , Trifa A. , Tomuleasa Ciprian
Published: September 2016

In the March 2016 issue of the Lancet Haematology, the editorial office published a paper stating the roadmap for European research in hematology, based on the European Hematology Association (EHA) consensus document that outlines the directions in hematology for the following years across the continent. The meeting entitled “Insights in hematology” is organized a support for the initiative of a roadmap for European hematologists regarding research, may it be basic research or clinical research, but this consensus should not be focused mainly on European institutions, but rather form the backbone of global research between Europe and the United States, Japan or any other country. This will allow Europeans to learn as well as to share their experience with the rest of the scientific and medical community. And the Cluj-Napoca meeting should be followed by other such meetings all across the EU.
Structure and ion dynamics of mechanosynthesized oxides and fluorides
Authors: Wilkening Martin , Düvel Andre , Preishuber-Pflügl Florian , da Silva Klebson , Breuer Stefan , Šepelák Vladimir , Heitjans Paul
Published: September 2016

In many cases, limitations in conventional synthesis routes hamper the accessibility to materials with properties that have been predicted by theory. For instance, metastable compounds with local non-equilibrium structures can hardly be accessed by solid-state preparation techniques often requiring high synthesis temperatures. Also other ways of preparation lead to the thermodynamically stable rather than metastable products. Fortunately, such hurdles can be overcome by mechanochemical synthesis. Mechanical treatment of two or three starting materials in high-energy ball mills enables the synthesis of not only new, metastable compounds but also of nanocrystalline materials with unusual or enhanced properties such as ion transport. In this short review we report about local structures and ion transport of oxides and fluorides mechanochemically prepared by high-energy ball-milling.
Effects of Two Different Volume-Equated Weekly Distributed Short-Term Plyometric Training Programs on Futsal Players' Physical Performance
Authors: Yanci Javier , Castillo Daniel , Iturricastillo Aitor , Ayarra Rubén , Nakamura Fábio Y.
Published: September 2016

Yanci, J, Castillo, D, Iturricastillo, A, Ayarra, R, and Nakamura, FY. Effects of two different volume-equated weekly distributed short-term plyometric training programs on futsal players' physical performance. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1787–1794, 2017—The aim was to analyze the effect of 2 different plyometric training programs (i.e., 1 vs. 2 sessions per week, same total weekly volume) on physical performance in futsal players. Forty-four futsal players were divided into 3 training groups differing in weekly plyometric training load: the 2 days per week plyometric training group (PT2D, n = 15), the 1 day per week plyometric training group (PT1D, n = 12), and the control group (CG, n = 12) which did not perform plyometric training. The results of this study showed that in-season futsal training per se was capable of improving repeat sprint ability (RSA) (effect size [ES] = −0.59 to −1.53). However, while change of direction ability (CODA) was maintained during the training period (ES = 0.00), 15-m sprint (ES = 0.73), and vertical jump (VJ) performance (ES = −0.30 to −1.37) were significantly impaired. By contrast, PT2D and PT1D plyometric training were effective in improving futsal players' 15-m sprint (ES = −0.64 to −1.00), CODA (ES = −1.83 to −5.50), and horizontal jump (ES = 0.33–0.64) performance. Nonetheless, all groups (i.e., PT2D, PT1D, and CG) presented a reduction in VJ performance (ES = −0.04 to −1.37). Regarding RSA performance, PT1D showed a similar improvement compared with CG (ES = −0.65 to −1.53) after the training intervention, whereas PT2D did not show significant change (ES = −0.04 to −0.38). These results may have considerable practical relevance for the optimal design of plyometric training programs for futsal players, given that a 1-day-per-week plyometric training program is more efficient than a 2-day-per-week plyometric training program to improve the futsal players' physical performance.
Evaluation of Basketball-Specific Agility: Applicability of Preplanned and Nonplanned Agility Performances for Differentiating Playing Positions and Playing Levels
Authors: Sekulic Damir , Pehar Miran , Krolo Ante , Spasic Miodrag , Uljevic Ognjen , Calleja-González Julio , Sattler Tine
Published: September 2016

Sekulic, D, Pehar, M, Krolo, A, Spasic, M, Uljevic, O, Calleja-González, J, and Sattler, T. Evaluation of basketball-specific agility: applicability of preplanned and nonplanned agility performances for differentiating playing positions and playing levels. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2278–2288, 2017—The importance of agility in basketball is well known, but there is an evident lack of studies examining basketball-specific agility performances in high-level players. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and discriminative validity of 1 standard agility test (test of preplanned agility [change-of-direction speed] over T course, T-TEST), and 4 newly developed basketball-specific agility tests, in defining playing positions and performance levels in basketball. The study comprised 110 high-level male basketball players (height: 194.92 ± 8.09 cm; body mass: 89.33 ± 10.91 kg; age: 21.58 ± 3.92 years). The variables included playing position (Guard, Forward, Center), performance level (first division vs. second division), anthropometrics (body height, body mass, and percentage of body fat), T-TEST, nonplanned basketball agility test performed on dominant (BBAGILdom) and nondominant sides (BBAGILnond), and a preplanned (change-of-direction speed) basketball agility test performed on dominant (BBCODSdom) and nondominant sides (BBCODSnond). The reliability of agility tests was high (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.81–0.95). Forwards were most successful in the T-TEST (F test: 13.57; p = 0.01). Guards outperformed Centers in BBCODSdom, BBCODSndom, BBAGILdom, and BBAGILnond (F test: 5.06, p = 0.01; 6.57, 0.01; 6.26, 0.01; 3.37, 0.04, respectively). First division Guards achieved better results than second division Guards in BBCODSdom (t: 2.55; p = 0.02; moderate effect size differences), BBAGILdom, and BBAGILnond (t: 3.04 and 3.06, respectively; both p = 0.01 and moderate effect size differences). First division Centers outperformed second division Centers in BBAGILdom (t: 2.50; p = 0.02; moderate effect size differences). The developed basketball-specific agility tests are applicable when defining position-specific agility. Both preplanned and nonplanned agilities are important qualities in differentiating between Guards of 2 performance levels. The results confirmed the importance of testing basketball-specific nonplanned agility when evaluating the performance level of Centers.
Effect of ELISA kit manufacturing process and incubation time on progesterone concentration measured in dog serum for ovulation diagnosis – Short communication
Authors: Thuróczy Julianna , Reiczigel Jenő , Balogh Lajos
Published: September 2016

Twenty-two serum samples of healthy bitches were tested with the frozen and lyophilised version of the same ELISA kit (Quanticheck, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Budapest, Hungary). Samples were chosen on the basis of their progesterone (P4) concentrations, which were between 1.00 and 20.00 ng/mL. As it is well known, this range has the highest clinical relevance in ovulation diagnosis. Both types of microplates were read at 15-min intervals from the 15th until the 90th minute (min) of incubation, and the results were compared with those of frozen plates at 60 min of incubation as 100 percent. Lyophilised microplates gave on average 18 percent higher results than the frozen version at equal incubation times. The highest difference between lyophilised and frozen samples was observed at 45 and 60 min of incubation. Ninety-four percent of the reaction in the frozen microplate occurred in the first 15 min, and during the subsequent 30 min the reaction seemingly stopped. After the 45th min of incubation, this 94 percent increased to 108 percent in the subsequent 30 min, which remained the final approximate result at the end of the 90 min of incubation. In contrast to the frozen microplate, the measured concentration increased continuously in the lyophilised version and reached the highest level at the 60th min. The results of the lyophilised microplate reached the same level at 30 min of incubation as those of the frozen version at 60 min. In conclusion, a mechanical increase or decrease of the incubation time does not generate a linear change in the test results. This study demonstrated that the results of a series of samples collected from the same bitch cannot be compared if they are measured with different laboratory methods or different ELISA kits.
Quick cytogenetic screening of breeding bulls using flow cytometric sperm DNA histogram analysis
Authors: Nagy Szabolcs , Polgár Péter J. , Andersson Magnus , Kovács András
Published: September 2016

The aim of the present study was to test the FXCycle PI/RNase kit for routine DNA analyses in order to detect breeding bulls and/or insemination doses carrying cytogenetic aberrations. In a series of experiments we first established basic DNA histogram parameters of cytogenetically healthy breeding bulls by measuring the intraspecific genome size variation of three animals, then we compared the histogram profiles of bulls carrying cytogenetic defects to the baseline values. With the exception of one case the test was able to identify bulls with cytogenetic defects. Therefore, we conclude that the assay could be incorporated into the laboratory routine where flow cytometry is applied for semen quality control.
O PAPEL DAS ACELERADORAS NA CONSOLIDAÇÃO DE NOVAS EMPRESAS DE CULTURA EMPREENDEDORA A LUZ DA METODOLOGIA LEAN STARTUP
Authors: Sarmento Marcela Regina Climaco , Da Costa Lúcia de Fátima Lúcio Gomes
Published: September 2016

O presente estudo se propõe a analisar o papel das aceleradoras na consolidação de novas empresas de cultura empreendedora a luz da metodologia Lean Startup. Para tal foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de tipo exploratória, descritiva e explicativa, utilizando como estratégia de pesquisa o estudo de caso. A coleta de dados consistiu em uma entrevista semiestruturada com a aceleradora de negócios 85 Labs com o intuito de verificar a aplicabilidade da metodologia lean startup na orientação e assessoria de novos empreendimentos. A pesquisa descreve ainda como se dá o ciclo de aceleração e a relação entre as startups e a aceleradora observando as dificuldades desse processo e os benefícios desse relacionamento. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios à medida que constataram que as aceleradoras de negócios exercem um papel decisivo no desenvolvimento e consolidação de novas empresas de cultura empreendedora, visto que o processo de aceleração direciona e capacita as startups principalmente nas primeiras etapas do negócio, onde os riscos são consideravelmente maiores. Além disso, durante a análise ficou evidente a contribuição da metodologia lean startup em todas as fases do ciclo de aceleração, o que permitiu afirmar sua capacidade em conduzir processos estruturados de aceleração em negócios com eficácia em caso real.
Hukuman Mati: Dari Tradisi Arab Menuju Hukum Al-Qur’an
Authors: Rodin Dede
Published: September 2016

The death penalty is the most Islamic law get resistance in its implementation. This resistance appears among others as a result of the symbolic understanding on the death penalty without understanding what and why this punishment stipulated in the Qur’an. Therefore, this article intends to answer the fundamental questions; how the concept of the death penalty in the Qur’an. This article resulted that the death penalty is one model of inculturation of the Qur’an to the existing tradition, with a change of paradigm regarding moral values and a more humane law, among others: (1) the principle of enforcement, from the original law “vengeance” (vendetta, lex talionis, tha’r) to “reply in kind”; (2) The motive for murder, of which initially involves all kinds of murder -including war- be designed killing and hirābah only; (3) The prosecution, of which the extended family into the nuclear family; (4) accountability, from the collective responsibility to individual responsibility.
Tinjauan Hukum Internasional HAM dan Hukum Islam terhadap LGBT Perspektif Human Dignity Mashood A. Baderin
Authors: Al-Hamidy Abu Dzarrin
Published: September 2016

This article deals with the issue of homosexuality from the perspective of human rights international law and Islamic law, particularly in the view of Mashood Baderin. The result of understanding towards human rights international law as well as towards Islamic law as the blessings for the universe places human beings in the most respected position. However, there emerge the phenomenon of non-mainstream sexual orientation, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT). In the perspective of Mashood Baderin, who portrays human rights international law and Islamic law on the principles of equality and justice, these LGBTs have their rights, as they are also human beings that should be respected due to their human dignity. It is inhumane to discriminate and condemn them. They should receive proportional treatment from the state so that their civil rights are guaranteed. However, with regard to their sexual orientation Islamic law prohibits the same sex marriage or other forbidden sexual relations
Intermediación laboral en los mercados de empleo rurales en Uruguay
Authors: Riella Alberto , Mascheroni Laport Paola
Published: September 2016

Estudios recientes sobre el empleo rural han puesto de relevancia el creciente aumento de distintas modalidades de intermediación de mano de obra y cómo estas van trasformando paulatinamente las relaciones laborales en el país. Tomando como referencia estas investigaciones, en este artículo se observan las tendencias generales de la intermediación laboral y se plantean algunas de sus posibles consecuencias en el mercado de empleo y las condiciones de trabajo en el agro uruguayo. En primer lugar, se realiza una breve presentación de la importancia del fenómeno de la intermediación laboral en el país y su evolución reciente. En segundo lugar, se desarrollan las principales modalidades de intermediación laboral en cuatro subsectores agrarios (agricultura, esquila, forestación, frutas para la exportación), sus características, agentes y efectos en las condiciones laborales. Por último, en las conclusiones se destacan la importancia de las formas de intermediación laboral en los mercados de empleo rurales y la centralidad que estas adquieren para el actual modo de desarrollo capitalista en el agro, permitiendo una mayor flexibilización de la producción y una intensificación del trabajo a través de nuevas formas de organización del mismo y un mayor control social de los trabajadores, lo que implica también la construcción de un nuevo perfil de jornalero rural.
School Leadership Manifesting Dominating Behavioural Style Leaping Towards New Public Management of Community Schools in Nepal
Authors: Rajbhandari Mani
Published: September 2016

This research explores the behavioural leadership style of community schools in Nepal under the New Public Management (NPM) initiative of decentralisation of the educational management system. The theoretical background derives from the leadership behavioural theory of Ohio State and Michigan Universities. Case studies were conducted in three primary community schools located in Kathmandu. Interviews were conducted with school stakeholders and members of the school management committee in order to triangulate the data analysis with a view to validating the dominant leadership behavioural style. The result suggests that all the participating schools adopted relations-oriented leadership behaviour as the dominant leadership behavioural style. The decentralisation of educational management by using NPM in community schools enabled the appointment of leaders from the community. It was also revealed that school leaders contributed to the social welfare of the schools for the sake of prestige and political recognition. The school leaders made available lesser time to understand the school’s organisational behavioural pattern of the teachers, parents, students and academic programmes. This enabled the school leaders to demonstrate relations-oriented behaviour. Due to the lack of academic expertise, the effective approach of leadership was to adapt chiefly on relations-oriented behaviour. Adopting the dominant leadership relations-oriented behavioural style enabled less flexibility to switch to task-oriented behaviour as determined by the contested environment. The politically contested school context enabled leadership approaches to implement political solutions.
How Students Develop and Meet Their Need for Additional Education
Authors: Merenkov Anatoliy , Sushchenko Anastasiya
Published: September 2016

We analyze how university students develop and meet their need for additional education as the critical way to engage in lifelong learning, which begins during the student days and continues throughout the life cycle. The article investigates into the theoretical approaches to the nature, content and orientation of the need for additional education, identifying the key factors encouraging university students to acquire additional major-related knowledge so as to sharpen their competitive edge in the labor market. We show that 71% of students experience the need for additional education, and 51% have already received some along with their regular university studies. We rely upon the determination theory to allow for not only extrinsic factors of development of the need for additional education (employer requirements, current trends) but also intrinsic ones (commitment to increasing one’s competitiveness in the labor market, the need for personal fulfillment). The article also explores how students develop and meet their need for supplementary knowledge and skills depending on their major field of study. We suggest taking specific measures to develop the additional education system, notably developing more actively students’ need for constant improvement of their competitive power and better self-fulfillment in career and life, and expanding significantly the range of services offered by additional education institutions.
Subjective Innovations: Pedagogical Movement in the Context of Radical Social Change
Authors: Safronov Petr , Sidorova Ksenia
Published: September 2016

The innovative pedagogical movement that boosted in the second half of the 1980s exhausted its original momentum relatively soon and never became a sustainable factor of institutional development in Russia. In this article, we investigate into the reasons behind the pedagogical movement using interviews with participants and narrative analysis of periodicals and archival materials. By doing so, we justify the point that the goal of promoting subjective emancipation and adopting the culture of freedom dominated the goals of organizational project management. We show that the pedagogical movement was dependent on institutional arrangements engrained in the social order of the late Soviet era. Innovations developed within the framework of a specific situation: individual communities emerging around some authors were capable of establishing the new as a subjective legacy, but they were unable to develop or even retain it in the existing institutionalized arrangements.
Universities Striving for a Global Leadership. Review of the book: Münch R. (2014) Academic Capitalism: Universities in the Global Struggle for Excellence, New York: Routledge
Authors: Nefedova Alena
Published: September 2016

Using a regression analysis involving an array of empirical data, Richard Münch describes the results of the changes that have been observed in universities since the 1970s. These changes entail a number of negative effects, among which the author puts emphasis on using mostly quantitative indicators to assess research and other university activities, as well as on the increasing commercialization of research results. Consequently, the higher education system is becoming ever more stratified, with a growing gap between the “nucleus” of universities with a powerful economic, cultural and social capital and the “periphery” lagging behind. This is lowering the overall level of creativity in research and slowing down the rate of new knowledge production. Münch’s book is of the utmost interest for Russian researchers in higher education, especially in the context of the newly adopted policy of boosting competitiveness of Russian education in the international arena. academic capitalism, entrepreneurial university, academic autonomy, commercialization of education, new managerialism.