bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrite accumulation and anammox bacterial niche partitioning in Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge sediments
Authors: Zhao Rui , Babbin Andrew R , Roerdink Desiree L , Thorseth Ingunn H , Jørgensen Steffen L
Published: March 2023

By consuming ammonium and nitrite, anammox bacteria form an important functional guild in nitrogen cycling in many environments, including marine sediments. However, their distribution and impact on the important substrate nitrite has not been well characterized. Here we combined biogeochemical, microbiological, and genomic approaches to study anammox bacteria and other nitrogen cycling groups in two sediment cores retrieved from the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge (AMOR). We observed nitrite accumulation in these cores, a phenomenon also recorded at 28 other marine sediment sites and in analogous aquatic environments. The nitrite maximum coincides with reduced abundance of anammox bacteria. Anammox bacterial abundances were at least one order of magnitude higher than those of nitrite reducers and the anammox abundance maxima were detected in the layers above and below the nitrite maximum. Nitrite accumulation in the two AMOR cores co-occurs with a niche partitioning between two anammox bacterial families (Candidatus Bathyanammoxibiaceae and Candidatus Scalinduaceae), likely dependent on ammonium availability. Through reconstructing and comparing the dominant anammox genomes (Ca. Bathyanammoxibius amoris and Ca. Scalindua sediminis), we revealed that Ca. B. amoris has fewer high-affinity ammonium transporters than Ca. S. sediminis and lacks the capacity to access alternative substrates and/or energy sources such as urea and cyanate. These features may restrict Ca. Bathyanammoxibiaceae to conditions of higher ammonium concentrations. These findings improve our understanding about nitrogen cycling in marine sediments by revealing coincident nitrite accumulation and niche partitioning of anammox bacteria.
In situ drift correction for a low-cost NO2 sensor network
Authors: Miech Jason A. , Stanton Levi , Gao Meiling , Micalizzi Paolo , Uebelherr Joshua , Herckes Pierre , Fraser Matthew P.
Published: March 2023

Frequent collocation and calibration paired with temperature, relative humidity, and ozone correction factors improved the performance of a low-cost NO2 sensor network in Maricopa County, Arizona.
Relation among absorbance shifts, mineralization morphology, and electronic conductivity of π-peptide aggregates with different amino acid residues
Authors: Lee Taein , Panda Sayak Subhra , Hall Grant E. K. , Song Yunjia , Tovar John D. , Katz Howard E.
Published: March 2023

Three conceivably unrelated observations on peptide assemblies; absorbances, morphologies, and conductivities are interrelated. An alanine methyl group was sufficient to alter all three observations, a steric effect from a small perturbation.
Recent advances and emerging opportunities in rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of polymers
Authors: Katsumata Reika , Senger Claire , Pagaduan James Nicolas
Published: March 2023

A classic technique in semiconductors but new to polymers, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) offers numerous opportunities in polymer processing.
Single platinum atoms anchored on N-doped carbon materials composed of bipyridine as efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhai Shengliang , Zhai Dong , Sun Lanju , Feng Nianyun , Chen Xiaokang , Deng Wei-Qiao , Wu Hao
Published: March 2023

Potassium tetrachloroplatinate among three platinum salts shows the most favorable binding energy to a N-doped carbon material composed of bipyridine, and enables the anchoring of Pt single atoms as efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts.
Towards quantum corrosion chemistry: screening perfect Cr, Ni sites and stoichiometry on top of an Fe(110) surface using DFT
Authors: Yang Zhihao , Zhang Chi , Wang Shuo , Xue Chengpeng , Tian Guangyuan , Su Hui , Yan Chengming , Yan Zhifei , Liu Xiaoguang , Wang Junsheng
Published: March 2023

Doping sites of Cr and Ni atoms on top of BCC Fe have been identified to be Fe12Cr3Ni1, Fe11Cr4Ni1, Fe11Cr3Ni2, Fe10Cr4Ni2, Fe10Cr3Ni3 and Fe11Cr4Ni2 is the perfect chemistry on top of the Fe(110) surface due to its high ability of preventing atomic dissolution.
Neutron and muon characterisation techniques for battery materials
Authors: Pérez Gabriel E. , Brittain Jake M. , McClelland Innes , Hull Stephen , Jones Martin O. , Playford Helen Y. , Cussen Serena A. , Baker Peter J. , Reynolds Emily M.
Published: March 2023

Neutron and muon characterisation techniques offer unique capabilities for investigating the complex structure and dynamics of rechargeable battery systems.
Molecular designs, synthetic strategies, and properties for porphyrins as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Zhang Yuzhe , Higashino Tomohiro , Imahori Hiroshi
Published: March 2023

Dyes play a crucial role in the cell performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and versatile synthetic strategies towards well-tailored porphyrins for DSSCs have been developed for achieving high photovoltaic performances.
Defect engineering in MIL-125-(Ti)-NH2 for enhanced photocatalytic H2 generation
Authors: Pukdeejorhor Ladawan , Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Berger Jan , Rodewald Katia , Thongratkaew Sutarat , Impeng Sarawoot , Warnan Julien , Bureekaew Sareeya , Fischer Roland A.
Published: March 2023

Defect-containing MIL-125-(Ti)-NH2 framework, simply prepared by using pre-designed Ti-clusters, can be utilised as an efficient photocatalyst in H2 production. Its H2 evolution rate activity was revealed ∼3.5 times higher than that of corresponding defect-free framework.
Recent progress of biosensors for the detection of lung cancer markers
Authors: Chen Shanchuan , Li Minghan , Weng Ting , Wang Deqiang , Geng Jia
Published: March 2023

This review mainly provides a comprehensive discussion on the detection of lung cancer markers such as miRNA, DNA and proteins using biosensors such as electrochemical, optical and nanopore biosensors developed in the past 5 years.
Probing into the mechanisms of disinfection by-product formation from natural organic matter and model compounds after UV/chlorine treatment
Authors: Wang Ding , Hua Zhechao , Cui Yonglin , Dong Zijun , Li Chen , Fang Jingyun
Published: March 2023

Compared to regulated DBPs such as TCM and TCAA, the significant formation of chloral hydrate and nitrogenous DBPs associated with UV/chlorine treatment needs close scrutiny when considering this process being applied in practice.
Achieving fast interfacial solar vapor generation and aqueous acid purification using Ti3C2TxMXene/PANI non-woven fabrics
Authors: Ding Renjie , Xiong Jinhua , Yan Qian , Chen Zhong , Liu Zonglin , Zhao Xu , Peng Qingyu , He Xiaodong
Published: March 2023

Aqueous acid purification was achieved using Ti3C2TxMXene/polyaniline hybrid non-woven fabrics (MPs) during the interfacial solar vapor generation process. MPs presented good stability and reusability after dedoping.
All-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals applied in advanced display devices
Authors: Yang Liuli , Huang Jianhua , Tan Yike , Lu Wei , Li Ziwei , Pan Anlian
Published: March 2023

This review classifies the development of all inorganic perovskite NC materials and related display devices, which provides beneficial inspiration for their applications in future display solutions.
Bifunctional structure modulation of Sb-based sulfide for boosting fast and high-capacity sodium storage
Authors: Gao Yusha , Peng Baixin , Lv Zhuoran , Han Zhen , Hu Keyan , Huang Fuqiang
Published: March 2023

A novel bimetallic sulfide CrSbS3 with both high sodium storage capacity and good rate performance is synthesized by introducing Cr atoms into the Sb2S3 structure.
Electrophilicity modulated targeted luminescence of MOF-coated cotton composite for dual analyte detection in aqueous medium
Authors: Rana Abhijeet , Biswas Shyam
Published: March 2023

A new fluorescent Hf(iv) MOF having thioureido functionalization has shown fast (within few seconds) and highly sensitive (nanomolar level) fluorescence sensing of Hg(ii) and hydrazine in aqueous medium.
Graphdiyne/copper sulfide heterostructure for active conversion of CO2to formic acid
Authors: Cao Shiyao , Xue Yurui , Chen Xi , Zhang Chao , Gao Yang , Li Yuliang
Published: March 2023

The synthesis of electrocatalysts with high selectivity, activity, and stability for the CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising and sustainable route to convert CO2into value-added chemicals at room temperatures and pressures.
Switchable electrosynthesis of furoquinones in batch and continuous-flow modes
Authors: Yuan Chengcheng , Huang Xiangxing , Qiao Yaqi , Guan Wenjing , Liu Chengkou , Fang Zheng , Li Yuguang , Guo Kai
Published: March 2023

A switchable electrosynthesis of non-deamination and deamination furoquinones under catalyst- and oxidant-free conditions in batch and continuous flow with good scalable potential was developed.
Predicting the speciation of ionizable antibiotic ciprofloxacin by biochars with varying carbonization degrees
Authors: Shi Guowei , Li Yasong , Liu Yaci , Wu Lin
Published: March 2023

This study revealed the evolution of sorption mechanisms with pyrolysis temperature of biochar and CIP speciation, and provided a novel approach for the sorption prediction of ionizable antibiotics.
A lysine-based 2:1-[α/aza]-pseudopeptide series used as additives in polymeric membranes for CO2 capture: synthesis, structural studies, and application
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed I. A. , Solimando Xavier , Stefan Loïc , Pickaert Guillaume , Babin Jérôme , Arnal-Herault Carole , Roizard Denis , Jonquières Anne , Bodiguel Jacques , Averlant-Petit Marie-Christine
Published: March 2023

A new 2:1-[α/aza]-pseudopeptide series based charged lysine amino acid was synthesized. Influences of chirality, backbone length, and lysine side chains on the oligomers conformation were investigated in solution using NMR, FTIR and MD calculations.
Increasing charge transfer of SERS by the combination of amorphous Al2O3–Al thin film and ZnO nanorods decorated with Ag nanoparticles for trace detection of metronidazole
Authors: Minh Huyen Le Thi , Phuc Nguyen Thanh , Doan Khanh Huynh Thuy , Tuan Hung Le Vu
Published: March 2023

In this work, we study the charge transfer improvement by the combination of two semiconductors of SERS.
Synthesis and crystal characteristics of nirmatrelvir
Authors: Jiang Bibo , Li Gang , Yu Jun , Xu Xiaoyan , Pan Hongjuan , Zhao Chuanmeng , Zhong Jialiang , Zhang Fuli
Published: March 2023

Several synthetic routes of nirmatrelvir (the ingredient of a new drug to treat COVID-19 made by Pfizer) have been reported.
New insights into the mechanism of synergetic photoredox/copper(i)-catalyzed carbocyanation of 1,3-dienes: a DFT study
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Feng Aili , Zhu Rongxiu , Zhang Dongju
Published: March 2023

DFT calculations shows an unexpected mechanism in the photoredox/copper-catalyzed carbocyanation of 1,3-diene, which involves CuI-only catalysis and the single electron transfer from the allyl radical to the oxidized photocatalyst.
SnOxS2−x/GNS nanocomposites for reversible and high-capacity lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Ke , Yan Changyu , Liu Xuejiao , Chen Qihan , Dong Boxu , Guo Hongran , Qian Xuefeng
Published: March 2023

A SnOS/GNS nanocomposite consisting of a single phase nanocrystal (3–5 nm) improves the kinetics of the electrochemical reactions of lithium-ion batteries.
The power and challenge of lipid (a)symmetry across the membrane and cell
Authors: Bogdanov Mikhail
Published: March 2023

Membrane asymmetry means that the two sides of membrane are structurally, physically and functionally different. Membrane asymmetry is largely related to the lipid sidedness and particularly to compositional (lipid head and acyl group) and physical (lipid packing order, charge, hydration and H-bonding interactions) differences in the inner and outer leaflets of lipid bilayer. Chemically, structurally and conformationally different non-covalent bound lipid molecules are physically fluid and deformable and enable to interact dynamically to form transient arrangements with asymmetry both perpendicular and parallel to the plane of the lipid bilayer. Although biological membranes are almost universally asymmetric however the asymmetry is not absolute since only drastic difference in the number of lipids per leaflet is found and symmetric arrangements are possible. Asymmetry is thought to direct and influence many core biological functions by altering the membrane's collective biochemical, biophysical and structural properties. Asymmetric transbilayer lipid distribution is found across all lipid classes, cells and near all endomembrane compartments. Why cell membranes are (a)symmetric and adopt almost exclusively highly entropically disfavored asymmetric state?
3D Video Tracking Technology in the Assessment of Orofacial Impairments in Neurological Disease: Clinical Validation
Authors: Jafari Deniz , Simmatis Leif , Guarin Diego , Bouvier Liziane , Taati Babak , Yunusova Yana
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

This study sought to determine whether clinically interpretable kinematic features extracted automatically from three-dimensional (3D) videos were correlated with corresponding perceptual clinical orofacial ratings in individuals with orofacial impairments due to neurological disorders.

Method:

45 participants (19 diagnosed with motor neuron diseases [MNDs] and 26 poststroke) performed two nonspeech tasks (mouth opening and lip spreading) and one speech task (repetition of a sentence “Buy Bobby a Puppy”) while being video-recorded in a standardized lab setting. The color video recordings of participants were assessed by an expert clinician—a speech language pathologist—on the severity of three orofacial measures: symmetry, range of motion (ROM), and speed. Clinically interpretable 3D kinematic features, linked to symmetry, ROM, and speed, were automatically extracted from video recordings, using a deep facial landmark detection and tracking algorithm for each of the three tasks. Spearman correlations were used to identify features that were significantly correlated (
p
value < .05) with their corresponding clinical scores. Clinically significant kinematic features were then used in the subsequent multivariate regression models to predict the overall orofacial impairment severity score.

Results:

Several kinematic features extracted from 3D video recordings were associated with their corresponding perceptual clinical scores, indicating clinical validity of these automatically derived measures. Different patterns of significant features were observed between MND and poststroke groups; these differences were aligned with clinical expectations in both cases.

Conclusions:

The results show that kinematic features extracted automatically from simple clinical tasks can capture characteristics used by clinicians during assessments. These findings support the clinical validity of video-based automatic extraction of kinematic features.
Statistical study of the Jovian decametric radio emissions based on multiple-view observations from remote radio instruments
Authors: Zheng Ruobing , Wang Yuming , Li Xiaolei , Wang Chuanbing , Jia Xianzhe
Published: March 2023

To better understand the physical processes associated with Jovian decametric (DAM) radio emissions, we present a statistical study of DAM emissions and inferred characteristics of DAM sources based on multiview observations from the Wind and STEREO spacecraft. Altogether, we analyze 81 isolated, strong events in radio dynamic spectra from 2008 to 2014. The apparent rotation speed of DAM events derived from multiple spacecraft observations can be used to distinguish Io-related and non-Io-related DAM emission. We find that the rotation speed of Io-DAM events is in the range of 0.15–0.6 ΩJ and that the rotation speed of non-Io DAM events is between 0.7–1.2 ΩJ. We find the occurrence probability of isolated, strong Io-DAM events to be about seven times that of isolated, strong non-Io DAM events. We locate the sources of 79 DAM events (including ten events observed by the Nançay Decameter Array) and infer their emission angles and associated electron energy. Our statistical results show that the DAM source locations (both Io and non-Io) are distributed in three preferred high-latitude regions, with two in the southern hemisphere (around 30° to 150° and around 270° to 330° in System III longitudes) and one in the northern hemisphere (around 150° to 210°), which is probably caused by the nonsymmetrical topology of Jupiter’s magnetic field. The difference between the Io-DAM source footprints and the Io auroral UV spots changes with the Io position in System III longitude, which is consistent with previous results. In addition, for the same type of DAM events (e.g., type A or C), the emission angles of non-Io DAM events are smaller than those of Io-DAM events, and all the emission angles range from 60° to 85°. Correspondingly, the energy associated with the electrons responsible for exciting the radio emissions is estimated to range between 2 and 22 keV.
Generation and analysis of independent fission yield covariances based on GEF model code
Authors: Lu Zerun , Zu Tiejun , Cao Liangzhi , Wu Hongchun
Published: March 2023

The fission yield data provided by the evaluated nuclear data files do not contain covariance information, which is not conducive to uncertainty analysis. To generate covariance information, the model parameters of the code GEF which describes the fission process are sampled and the independent fission yield samples are calculated. The covariances of independent fission yields of 235U, 239Pu, and 241Pu thermal neutron-induced fissioning systems are generated individually based on the above samples. This method is verified by comparing the uncertainties of burnup-related responses based on fission yield samples calculated by GEF and based on fission yield samples generated with the covariances. The influence of correlations among fissioning systems is also quantified and the joint covariances among different fissioning systems calculated with GEF are demonstrated correct. In addition, the Bayesian Monte Carlo method is adopted to adjust the model parameters of GEF, and the numerical results prove the effectiveness of the adjustment.
Uncertainty quantification calculations of nuclide number densities of Gd-bearing fuel rods in light water reactors
Authors: Chiba Go
Published: March 2023

The Post-Irradiation Examination (PIE) data are quite useful to validate the evaluated nuclear data. Recently, a new experimental program, REGAL (the Rod-Extremity and Gadolinia AnaLysis), has been proposed and launched. During this program, the PIE data are acquired for the Gd-bearing fuel rods during (or after) the initial Gd burnout. These PIE data would be different from those for the normal UOX or MOX fuel rods from a viewpoint of nuclide transmutation process. In the present work, we attempt to quantify this difference through calculating sensitivity coefficients of nuclide number densities of the Gd-bearing rods using the depletion perturbation theory and performing uncertainty quantification calculations with the sensitivity coefficients and the nuclear data covariance data. Through the numerical analyses, we found that the impact of the uncertainties of the nuclear data of Gd isotopes on the number densities of actinoids is negligible. The nuclear data-induced uncertainties of Gd isotopes number densities are relatively large during the Gd depletion, and those become small after the Gd burnout. After the Gd burnout, the relative standard deviations of Gd-155 and -157 number densities are approximately 6% and 13%, respectively, and the nuclear data of the parent nuclides of these Gd isotopes, Gd-154 and -156, are also important as well as those of Gd-155 and -157.
Covariance analysis of 235U(nth,f) independent and cumulative fission yields: Propositions for JEFF4
Authors: Kessedjian Grégoire , Cheikh Sidi-Mohamed , Serot Oliver , Chebboubi Abdelhazize , Bernard David , Vallet Vanessa , Mills Robert , Capponi Luigi
Published: March 2023

The study of fission yields has a major impact on the characterization and understanding of the fission process and its applications. Fission yield evaluations represent the synthesis of experimental and theoretical knowledge in order to perform the best estimation of independent fission yields. Today, the lack of correlations between the different fission observables induces several inconsistencies in the evaluations. Different works proposed to estimate the correlations of the independent fission yields satisfying the consistency to the chain yield evaluations. Nevertheless, none of them introduces a prior correlations of the independent and chain evaluations in the evaluation process. Covariance matrix of fission yields depends on the evaluation method used according to the kinds of existing measurements. The consistency is deeply entangled to the statistical agreement between each dataset considering the covariance of measurements. Moreover, covariance of model parameters does not represent the only contribution to the evaluation covariance matrix. Thus, a new evaluation process is crucial to provide a complete and coherent evaluation file. The LEPh Laboratory of CEA Cadarache is developing this program for the future version of the JEFF-library.
Experimental spectrum averaged cross sections (SACS) in 252Cf(sf) neutron field and its impact on the evaluation of neutron standards
Authors: Capote R. , Schnabel G. , Carlson A.D. , Pronyaev V.G. , Noguere G. , Neudecker D.
Published: March 2023

A new evaluation of spectrum averaged cross sections (SACS) of 235U, 238U, and 239Pu measured in the 252Cf(sf) reference neutron field is presented and found to be consistent with the original Mannhart SACS evaluation in IRDF-2002. The comprehensive vetted experimental database that includes SACS ratio and absolute SACS measurements of major actinides is being used to update the SACS database employed as input of the new GMApy code to derive the Neutron Standards. An update of the current neutron standards based on Time Projection Chamber (TPC) shape data, a new comprehensive uncertainty quantification, and revised SACS experimental database is proposed which result in a 0.7% increase of the evaluated 239Pu(n,f)/235U(n,f) crosssection ratio in the 1–5 MeV energy region. The increase is due to a 0.3% reduction of the standard 235U(n,f) cross section and a 0.4% increase of the 239Pu(n,f) reference cross section in the 1–5 MeV energy region. Those changes are well within estimated USU fission cross-section uncertainties of 1.2%, but are relevant for the evaluated mean values.
The value of 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria in predicting lupus nephritis in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cetin Nuran , Acikalin Mustafa Fuat , Tufan Asli Kavaz , Kasifoglu Nilgun
Published: March 2023

Background We investigated the role of European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for the prediction of LN among children with SLE.

Methods The data of the patients with childhood-onset SLE diagnosed based on 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria were retrospectively evaluated. Based on 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria, the scoring was done at the time of renal biopsy.

Results Fifty-two patients (12 with LN, 40 without LN) were included. The mean score was higher in patients with LN than those without (30.8±6.14, 19.8±7.76, respectively, p=0.000). The score value had indicative value for LN (area under curve [AUC]:0.863±0.055, cut-off value:22.5, p=0.000). Lymphocyte counts had a predictive value for LN (cut-off value:905/mm3, AUC:0.688±0.087, p=0.042). The score was positively associated with SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and activity index (r=0.879, p=0.000; r=0.811, p=0.001, respectively). There were significant negative associations between score value and GFR (r=-0.582, p=0.047). The patients with renal flare had higher the mean score than those of without renal flare (35±2/25.4±5.57, respectively, p=0.019).

Conclusions The EULAR/ACR criteria score could reflect the activity of disease and severity of nephritis in childhood-onset SLE. A point of 22.5 as score value might be an indicator for LN. During scoring, it should be taken into account that lymphopenia might guide the prediction of LN.
Kardiologische Rehabilitation als effektive Sekundärprävention
Authors: Schwaab Bernhard , Reibis Rona K. , Völler Heinz
Published: March 2023

Ziele der kardiologischen Rehabilitation (kurz: KardReha) sind die Wiederherstellung der individuell bestmöglichen physischen und psychischen Gesundheit kardiovaskulär erkrankter Patienten
durch die Therapie in einem multidisziplinären Team, diese nachhaltig zu stabilisieren und die berufliche und soziale Re-Integration zu ermöglichen. Auf der Basis einer S3-Leitlinie zur
KardReha im deutschsprachigen Raum Europas führt die Teilnahme an einer KardReha bei Patienten nach akutem Koronarsyndrom und nach Bypass-Operation zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der
Gesamtmortalität. Bei Patienten mit systolischer Herzinsuffizienz werden die körperliche Belastbarkeit und die Lebensqualität signifikant verbessert. Nach operativer oder interventioneller
Herzklappenkorrektur werden die körperliche Belastbarkeit sowie die Lebensqualität gesteigert, und in ersten Studien zeigen sich Signale für eine Mortalitätsreduktion. Daher sollte die
KardReha ein integraler Bestandteil einer am langfristigen Erfolg orientierten Behandlung sein.
Bolusobstruktionen im Ösophagus – Eine Analyse über 5 Jahre
Authors: Heise Jürgen , Kreysel Christian , Blank Michael , Euler Philipp , Melchior Ilka , Johnen Michaela , Planker Manfred , Ballauff Antje , Czypull Martina , Frieling Thomas
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund Die Entfernung einer Bolusobstruktion im Ösophagus ist eine Indikation zur Notfallendoskopie. In der aktuellen Leitlinie der European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) wird u. a der Vorschub des Bolus in den Magen empfohlen, was von vielen Endoskopikern aufgrund der erhöhten Komplikationsgefahr kritisch gesehen wird. Auch wird die Endoskop-Aufsetzkappe als Möglichkeit der Bolusentfernung nicht aufgeführt.

Methode In einer retrospektiven Analyse wurden 66 Erwachsene und 11 Kinder mit einer akuten Bolusobstruktion im Ösophagus von 2017 bis 2021 retrospektiv analysiert.

Ergebnisse Eine eosinophile Ösophagitis, Refluxösophagitis / peptische Stenose bzw. Schatzki-Ringe waren für 57,6%, Ösophagus- bzw. Bronchialkarzinome für 18%, Ösophagusmotilitätsstörungen für 4,5%, ein Zenkerʼsches Divertikel bzw. eine Strahlenösophagitis für je 1,5% der Bolusobstruktionen verantwortlich. In 16,7% konnte keine Ursache gefunden werden. Bei den Kindern zeigte sich ein vergleichbares Spektrum, wobei in 2 Fällen eine Stenose bei Ösophagusatresie vorkam. In 2 Fällen konnte keine Ursache gefunden werden. Eine Bolusentfernung war bei Erwachsenen in 92,4% und bei Kindern in 100% der Fälle möglich. Der Bolusverschluss konnte bei Erwachsenen in 57,6% und bei Kindern in 75% ausschließlich mit der Endoskop-Aufsetzkappe sicher entfernt werden. In nur 9% der Fälle war es möglich, den Bolus ohne vorherige Desintegration unter Sicht kontrolliert in den Magen vorzuschieben.

Schlussfolgerung Die flexible Endoskopie ist eine effektive Notfallmaßnahme zur Bolusentfernung aus dem Ösophagus. Ein unkontrolliertes blindes Vorschieben des Bolus in den Magen kann nicht empfohlen werden. Die Endoskop-Aufsetzkappe ist eine sehr gute Ergänzung zur sicheren Bolusentfernung.
Does the Association of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis with
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Really Have a Protective Role?
Authors: Demir Ahmet Numan , Kara Zehra , Sulu Cem , Uysal Serhat , Sahin Serdar , Zulfaliyeva Guldana , Atar Oznur Aydin , Valikhanova Nahida , Ozturk Tulin , Ozkaya Hande Mefkure , Gonen Mustafa Sait
Published: March 2023

The study is an investigation of aggressive tumor features, prognosis, and
disease-specific mortality rates of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in the
presence of concomitant Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT). The data of
patients with DTC followed in our tertiary care center between 2000–2022
were analyzed. Variables such as patient age, gender, preoperative serum
autoantibody levels, tumor characteristics, and treatment modalities were
obtained from medical records. The diagnosis of HT was based either on the
presence of a positive result in the pathological examination and/or on
antibody positivity. A total of 637 patients [mean±SD age,
44.9±13.5 years; 485 women [76.1%)] were included in the
analysis. The overall prevalence of coexistent HT was 22.9%
(n=146). The disease-specific mortality associated with DTC was
2.9%. DTC patients with HT compared to those without; have more positive
lymphovascular invasion (p<0.001), and lymph node metastases
(p<0.001). According to the Kaplan–Meier curves,
disease-specific survival rates among DTC patients without HT were significantly
higher than patients with HT (log-rank p=0.002). The disease-specific
mortality rate was 4.79% in DTC patients with HT, it was 1.43%
in those without HT. Hashimoto thyroiditis was not associated with a 10-year
recurrence-free survival (p=0.059). Differentiated thyroid cancers with
concomitant HT are associated with some aggressive tumor features (such as
lymphovascular invasion and nodal metastasis) and lower survival. In staging
systems based on tumor risk factors, it may be useful to evaluate the presence
of concomitant HT as a prognostic factor.
Mir-629 Repressed LATS2 Expression and Promoted the Proliferation of
Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Yuqiao , Zeng Sha , Cao Longbin
Published: March 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been discovered to play critical role in regulating
prostate cancer (PC) progression. The function role of miR-629 in tumor
progression of PC has not been studied. Here, we found that miR-629 was markedly
upregulated in PC as determined using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) dataset,
clinical tissues, and cell lines. Functional analysis (MTT assays, colony
formation assays, soft agar growth assay and BrdU incorporation assay) indicated
that overexpression of miR-629 was drastically promoted, while miR-629-in
significantly suppressed cell proliferation. LATS2 was predicted as a direct
target of miR-629 and was confirmed by western blot and dual luciferase assay.
Through downregulation of large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) by overexpression of
miR-629, the p21 mRNA and protein were decreased while the Cyclin D3 mRNA and
protein were enhanced, suggesting promoting of cell proliferation process.
Additionally, knockdown of LATS2 reversed the inhibitory effect by miR-629-in in
PC. Our study indicated that miR-629 might serve as a new promising target for
PC treatment.
Standard Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy versus Mini Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy via an Eyebrow Incision for Microsurgical Treatment of Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Peters David R. , Mulvaney Graham , Monk Steve , Karimian Brandon , Wait Scott D.
Published: March 2023

Background Skull base approaches are utilized to improve microsurgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Advantages include early proximal and distal control, increased visualization, and minimal brain retraction. Orbitozygomatic (OZ) craniotomies via pterional incision are commonly used for the treatment of anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms. A smaller, less invasive OZ craniotomy performed through an eyebrow incision may provide several advantages over a standard OZ approach.

Objective We compare surgical outcomes of the standard and eyebrow OZ for the treatment of ACoA aneurysms.

Design All patients who underwent microsurgical treatment for ACoA aneurysms by a single surgeon over an 8-year period were included in this retrospective analysis. Patient demographics and clinical data were collected.

Participants Thirty-seven consecutive patients were identified, with 15 receiving eyebrow OZ and 22 receiving standard OZ.

Main Outcome Measures Data were collected on patient demographics, pathology, intraoperative and perioperative data, and 30-day morbidity.

Results A total of 100% of the eyebrow OZ group and 95.5% of the standard OZ group had complete aneurysmal occlusion. Four eyebrow OZ and six standard OZ patients had an intraoperative rupture. All were managed without complication. Two eyebrow OZ and one standard OZ patient died within 30 days of surgery. No patients in either group had aneurysm recurrence, required retreatment, or were limited intraoperatively by exposure.

Conclusions The OZ approach via an eyebrow incision has similar outcomes to a standard OZ approach and is a safe option for the treatment of ACoA aneurysms.
Comparison of Short-Term Hearing Outcome in Stapedotomy Using either Vein or Fat (Adipose Tissue) as Sealing Material
Authors: Velusamy Anand , Kavithadevi A. , Hameed Nazrin , Anand Aishwarya
Published: March 2023

Introduction Otosclerosis is a common cause of conductive hearing loss in the adult population that is caused by fixation of the stapes footplate. Cochlear otosclerosis may also present with sensorineural or mixed hearing loss. Surgery is the definitive treatment of choice and, during the procedure, sealing of the oval window with autologous tissue graft around the stapes prosthesis has been routinely done to improve hearing outcome and to mitigate postoperative complications.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of two different types of autologous tissue (vein or fat) grafts as oval window sealing materials in stapedotomy in improving short-term hearing outcomes.

Methods In our study, 70 patients with otosclerosis who underwent primary stapedotomy were included. They were divided into group 1 (vein graft) and group 2 (fat graft) based on the type of sealing material used. All patients were followed-up at the end of 3 months, undergoing an audiometric examination to assess the hearing outcome.

Results A total of 80% (n = 28) of the patients in group1 had an air-bone gap (ABG) closure < 10dB, and, in group 2, 85.7% had an ABG closure < 10 dB; this difference was found to be statistically insignificant. A total of 42.9% (n = 15) of the patients in group 1 and of 31.4% (n = 11) in group 2 had a significant improvement in bone conduction, while 14.3% (n = 5) of the patients in group 1 and 17.1% (n = 6) in group 2 had worsening of average bone conduction postoperatively, which was found to be statistically insignificant.

Conclusion Both vein and fat grafts had comparable effects on hearing outcomes when used as sealing materials in stapedotomy.
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma: A Rare Entity
Authors: Mendieta Pastor Joaquín Ortiz , Tolentino Luciano Henrique Lenz , Centeno Deborah Marques , Guacho John Alexander Lata , Felipe Leika Miyahara , Maluf-Filho Fauze
Published: March 2023

Extramedullary plasmacytoma is an immunoproliferative disease of mature B cell that produces immunoglobulins by clonal expansion. Plasma cell neoplasms are responsible for less than 0.1% of all pancreatic masses, they can be primary or secondary to multiple myeloma (MM). We present the case of a 56-year-old man with extramedullary solitary plasmacytoma located in the pancreas, presented with abdominal pain and jaundice. Imaging characteristics are similar to those of other pancreatic diseases, and the diagnosis is confirmed by immunohistochemistry due to the presence of a homogeneous infiltrate of monoclonal plasma cells, which typically express CD38 and CD 138 markers and the presence of kappa/lambda light chains.
Acceptance of Endoscopes in Otology – An Indian Perspective and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sharma Raman , Meher Ravi , Wadhwa Vikram , Soni Sanjay Vikram
Published: March 2023

Introduction The role of endoscopes in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) field has been described since the 1980s; It started with endoscopic nasal surgeries, followed by otological and laryngological procedures, and, since then, it has experienced a rapid evolution. Endoscopes help otologists understand how to approach difficult areas of middle ear, as well as the physiology of middle ear cleft.

Objectives Despite the introduction of endoscopes in the field of otology, microscopes are still widely used in clinics and in operation theaters either alone or with endoscopes. The present study, which was conducted amongst otologists in India, is on their experience with and knowledge of the use of the endoscope compared to microscopes.

Methods A Google form-based questionnaire comprising 18 questions was developed and sent online to otologist all over the country. The final dataset included responses from 354 active otologists.

Results Out of 354 participants, only 3% had more than 5 years of experience in endoscopic ear surgery (EES), and 16.1% had never worked with an endoscope. Endoscopes were used in clinics and in operation theaters by 74.9% of the participants.

Conclusion There has been a rise in the acceptance and use of endoscopes among Indian otologists and otology surgeons in last few decades.
Multifocal Tuberculous Spondylitis and Extensive Extraspinal Tubercular Osteomyelitis without Immunocompromise: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tomer Divya , Bartakke Girishchandra , Khose Shrikant
Published: March 2023

Multifocal extensive spinal and extraspinal tuberculosis is very rare. So far, fewer than 10 cases have been reported. We hereby report two such cases to highlight their rarity, the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges they presented, and the overall prognosis of the condition. The two patients (a 19-year-old woman and another 20-year-old woman) had multifocal extensive tuberculosis involving spine and appendicular skeleton with neurological deficit. Both patients presented with back and neck pain and gradual neurological deficit. The insidious onset and malignancy-like spread pattern mimicked neoplasm. After thorough investigations with magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography scan, and biopsy, antitubercular drug therapy was started, and debridement and fixation were done for significant thoracic and cervical vertebral lesions, respectively. Both patients showed excellent neurological recovery after the procedure. Early surgical treatment of the cases with large abscesses helped provide decompression and stabilization and prevented neurological deterioration and deformity. In patients with noncontiguous spinal tuberculosis, high percentage of surgical treatment may be required due to the aggressive behavior of the disease.
Accuracy of Evaluation of Fatty Liver with Third-Generation Unenhanced Dual-Energy CT and MRI: Prospective Comparison with MR Spectroscopy
Authors: Rajesh S. , Arunachalam Venkatesh Kasi , Periaswamy Gopinath , Kalyan Gobi , Renganathan Rupa , SM Gowtham , Cherian Mathew
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate and establish the accuracy of noninvasive methods, including third-generation dual-source dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and proton density fat (PDF) fraction on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using three-dimensional multiecho multipoint chemical shift-encoded spoiled gradient echo (q-Dixon) sequence in the quantification of hepatic steatosis; with H1-MR spectroscopy (MRS) as the reference standard.

Materials and Methods A total of 47 patients were included in this prospective study. We studied the accuracy of fatty liver detection using third-generation DECT using mixed set images (MSIs), virtual monochromatic images (VMIs), and MRI q-Dixon. The results were compared with H1-MRS. Data were analyzed using linear regression for each technique compared with MRS.

Results Our study's correlation and linear regression analysis showed a good correlation between PDF values obtained by H1-MRS and MR q-Dixon methods (r = 0.821, r
2 = 0.674, p < 0.001). On MSI, H1-MRS showed a low correlation with average liver attenuation (r
2 = 0.379, p < 0.001) and a moderate correlation with liver attenuation index (r
2 = 0.508, p < 0.001) noted. There was a moderate correlation between H1-MRS and average liver attenuation and liver attenuation index on VMI at 80 to 120 keV with r
2 = 0.434, p < 0.001, and r
2 = 0.485, p < 0.001, respectively.

Conclusion MRI q-Dixon is the method of choice for evaluating fat quantification in the absence of H1 MRS. Among DECT images, VMI is valuable in the evaluation of hepatic fat as compared with the mixed set of images.
Revival of positive nostalgic music during the first Covid-19 lockdown in the UK: evidence from Spotify streaming data
Authors: Yeung Timothy Yu-Cheong
Published: March 2023

This work shows that positive old music listening surged during the early phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, suggesting a rise in preference for nostalgia and positivity in music. Using the music streaming data of Spotify users in the UK and employing multivariate regression analysis, this work documents that users were more likely to listen to songs older than 5 years during the national lockdown that began in late March 2020 compared with the pre-lockdown period. Such a change in preference was not observed in the same period in 2019. Meanwhile, more frequent listening to old music is found in samples of positive songs and also negative songs. This suggests that the preference for nostalgic music is to a certain extent independent of the positivity bias during the pandemic found in the literature. Yet, this work also provides evidence that the nostalgia-seeking behaviour and the preference for positive songs reinforced each other during the lockdown as the surge in positive old music was more persistent than that in positive recent music.
Dynamic mechanobiology of cardiac cells and tissues: Current status and future perspective
Authors: Wang Chenyan , Ramahdita Ghiska , Genin Guy , Huebsch Nathaniel , Ma Zhen
Published: March 2023

Mechanical forces impact cardiac cells and tissues over their entire lifespan, from development to growth and eventually to pathophysiology. However, the mechanobiological pathways that drive cell and tissue responses to mechanical forces are only now beginning to be understood, due in part to the challenges in replicating the evolving dynamic microenvironments of cardiac cells and tissues in a laboratory setting. Although many in vitro cardiac models have been established to provide specific stiffness, topography, or viscoelasticity to cardiac cells and tissues via biomaterial scaffolds or external stimuli, technologies for presenting time-evolving mechanical microenvironments have only recently been developed. In this review, we summarize the range of in vitro platforms that have been used for cardiac mechanobiological studies. We provide a comprehensive review on phenotypic and molecular changes of cardiomyocytes in response to these environments, with a focus on how dynamic mechanical cues are transduced and deciphered. We conclude with our vision of how these findings will help to define the baseline of heart pathology and of how these in vitro systems will potentially serve to improve the development of therapies for heart diseases.
Root foraging in the leguminous zinc hyperaccumulator Crotalaria novae-hollandiae from Queensland, Australia
Authors: Chen Fuyao , Nti Nkrumah Philip , Tang Roger H. , van der Ent Antony
Published: March 2023

Context Root foraging by hyperaccumulator plants in response to patchily distributed metals has been observed in several obligate hyperaccumulators, but it is not known whether facultative hyperaccumulators respond similarly. Aims This study investigated the root-growth behaviour in the leguminous zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulator Crotalaria novae-hollandiae compared with the non-accumulating Crotalaria cunninghamii in response to localised soil Zn enrichment in the soil to observe foraging versus avoidance responses. Methods We conducted rhizotron experiments in which we exposed the Crotalaria species pair to juxtaposed treatments, which were either homogenous (each half of the treatments containing same Zn concentrations) or heterogenous (different Zn concentrations in each half of the treatments). The Zn concentrations were 0 μg Zn g−1 (control), 2000 μg Zn g−1 and 5000 μg Zn g−1 in the form of zinc carbonate). Key results We found that none of the treatments had significantly different rooting density and root biomass, regardless of the Crotalaria species. This finding contrasts with increased root proliferation in Zn-rich patches found for other obligate hyperaccumulator species. Conclusions and implications The no-preference root response towards Zn in Crotalaria may partly explain the facultative hyperaccumulation mechanism displayed by these species. This root response towards Zn may ultimately affect Zn phytoextraction efficacy when utilising Crotalaria species in a heterogenous Zn soil substrate. These findings highlight the need for rhizosphere investigations prior to field phytoextraction applications.
A goodness-of-fit test based on a recursive product of spacings
Authors: Eller Philipp , Shtembari Lolian
Published: March 2023

We introduce a new statistical test based on the observed spacings of ordered data.
The statistic is sensitive to detect non-uniformity in random samples, or short-lived features in event time series.
Under some conditions, this new test can outperform existing ones, such as the well known Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Anderson-Darling tests, in particular when the number of samples is small and differences occur over a small quantile of the null hypothesis distribution.
A detailed description of the test statistic is provided including a detailed discussion of the parameterization of its distribution via asymptotic bootstrapping as well as a novel per-quantile error estimation of the empirical cumulative distribution.
Two example applications are provided, using the test to boost the sensitivity in generic “bump hunting”, and employing the test to detect supernovae.
The article is rounded off with an extended performance comparison to other, established goodness-of-fit tests.
Equity implications of electric vehicles: A systematic review on the spatial distribution of emissions, air pollution and health impacts
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Shiwang Jinyu , Lee Anna , Peng Wei
Published: March 2023

Scaling up electric vehicles (EVs) provides an avenue to mitigate both carbon emissions and air pollution from road transport. The benefits of EV adoption for climate, air quality, and health have been widely documented. Yet, evidence on the distribution of these impacts has not been systematically reviewed, despite its central importance to ensure a just and equitable transition. Here, we perform a systematic review of recent EV studies that have examined the spatial distribution of the emissions, air pollution, and health impacts, as an important aspect of the equity implications. Using the Context-Interventions-Mechanisms-Outcome framework with a two-step search strategy, we narrowed down to 47 papers that met our inclusion criteria for detailed review and synthesis. We identified two key factors that have been found to influence spatial distributions. First, the cross-sectoral linkages may result in unintended impacts elsewhere. For instance, the generation of electricity to charge EVs, and the production of batteries and other materials to manufacture EVs could increase the emissions and pollution in locations other than where EVs are adopted. Second, since air pollution and health are local issues, additional location-specific factors may play a role in determining the spatial distribution, such as the wind transport of pollution, and the size and vulnerability of the exposed populations. Based on our synthesis of existing evidence, we highlight two important areas for further research: (1) fine-scale pollution and health impact assessment to better characterize exposure and health disparities across regions and population groups; and (2) a systematic representation of the EV value chain that captures the linkages between the transport, power and manufacturing sectors as well as the regionally-varying activities and impacts.