bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of chlorine in tropospheric chemistry
Authors: Wang Xuan , Jacob Daniel J. , Eastham Sebastian D. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Zhu Lei , Chen Qianjie , Alexander Becky , Sherwen Tomas , Evans Mathew J. , Lee Ben H. , Haskins Jessica D. , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe D. , Thornton Joel A. , Huey Gregory L. , Liao Hong
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We present a comprehensive simulation of tropospheric chlorine within the GEOS-Chem global 3-D model of oxidant-aerosol-halogen atmospheric chemistry. The simulation includes explicit accounting of chloride mobilization from sea-salt aerosol by acid displacement of HCl and by other heterogeneous processes. Additional sources of tropospheric chlorine (combustion, organochlorines, transport from stratosphere) are small in comparison. Reactive gas-phase chlorine Cl*, including Cl, ClO, Cl2, BrCl, ICl, HOCl, ClNO3, ClNO2, and minor species, is produced by the HCl + OH reaction and by heterogeneous conversion of sea-salt aerosol chloride to BrCl, ClNO2, Cl2, and ICl. The model simulates successfully the observed mixing ratios of HCl in marine air (highest at northern mid-latitudes) and the associated HNO3 decrease from acid displacement. It captures the high ClNO2 mixing ratios observed in continental surface air at night with chlorine of sea salt origin transported inland as HCl and fine aerosol. It simulates successfully the vertical profiles of HCl measured from aircraft, where enhancements in the continental boundary layer can again be explained by transport inland of the marine source. It does not reproduce the boundary layer Cl2 mixing ratios measured in the WINTER aircraft campaign (1–5 ppt in the daytime, low at night); the model is too high at night compared to WINTER observations, which could be due to uncertainty in the rate of the ClNO2 + Cl− reaction, but we have no explanation for the daytime observations. The global mean tropospheric concentration of Cl atoms in the model is 620 cm−3 and contributes 1.0 % of the global oxidation of methane, 20 % of ethane, 14 % of propane, and 4 % of methanol. Chlorine chemistry increases global mean tropospheric BrO by 85 %, mainly through the HOBr + Cl− reaction, and decreases global burdens of tropospheric ozone by 7 % and OH by 3 % through the associated bromine radical chemistry. ClNO2 chemistry drives increases in ozone of up to 8 ppb over polluted continents in winter.
Permafrost Nitrous Oxide Emissions Observed on a Landscape Scale Using Airborne Eddy Covariance Method
Authors: Wilkerson Jordan , Dobosy Ronald , Sayres David S. , Healy Claire , Dumas Edward , Baker Bruce , Anderson James G.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The microbial by-product nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas and ozone depleting substance, has conventionally been assumed to have minimal emissions in permafrost regions. This assumption has been questioned by recent in situ studies demonstrating that, in fact, some geologic features in permafrost may have elevated emissions comparable to those of tropical soils. These recent studies, however, along with every known in situ study focused on permafrost N2O fluxes, have used chambers to examine small areas (
An Evaluation of the Efficacy of Very High Resolution Air-Quality Modelling over the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Russell Matthew , Hakami Amir , Makar Paul A. , Akingunola Ayodeji , Zhang Junhua , Moran Michael D. , Zheng Qiong
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We examine the potential benefits of very high resolution for air-quality forecast simulations using a nested system of the Global Environmental Multiscale – Modelling Air-quality and Chemistry chemical transport model. We focus on simulations at 1 km and 2.5 km grid-cell spacing for the same time period and domain (the industrial emissions region of the Athabasca Oil Sands). Standard grid-cell to observation station pair analyses show no benefit to the higher resolution simulation (and a degradation of performance for most metrics using this standard form of evaluation). However, when the evaluation methodology is modified, to include a search over equivalent representative regions surrounding the observation locations for the closest fit to the observations, the model simulation with the smaller grid cell size had the better performance. While other sources of model error thus dominate net performance at these two resolutions, obscuring the potential benefits of higher resolution modelling for forecasting purposes, the higher resolution simulation shows promise in terms of better aiding localized chemical analysis of pollutant plumes, through better representation of plume maxima.
Analysis of the performance of a ship-borne scanning wind lidar in the Arctic and Antarctic
Authors: Zentek Rolf , Kohnemann Svenja H. E. , Heinemann Günther
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In the present study a
non-motion-stabilized scanning Doppler lidar was operated on board of
RV Polarstern in the Arctic (June 2014) and Antarctic (December
2015–January 2016). This is the first time that such a system measured on an
icebreaker in the Antarctic. A method for a motion correction of the data in
the post-processing is presented. The wind calculation is based on vertical
azimuth display (VAD) scans with eight directions that pass a quality
control. Additionally a method for an empirical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
threshold is presented, which can be calculated for individual measurement
set-ups. Lidar wind profiles are compared to total of about 120 radiosonde
profiles and also to wind measurements of the ship. The performance of the lidar measurements in comparison with radio soundings
generally shows small root mean square deviation (bias) for wind speed of
around 1 m s−1 (0.1 m s−1) and for wind direction of around
10∘ (1∘). The post-processing of the non-motion-stabilized
data shows a comparably high quality to studies with motion-stabilized
systems. Two case studies show that a flexible change in SNR threshold can be
beneficial for special situations. Further the studies reveal that
short-lived low-level jets in the atmospheric boundary layer can be captured
by lidar measurements with a high temporal resolution in contrast to routine
radio soundings. The present study shows that a non-motion-stabilized Doppler
lidar can be operated successfully on an icebreaker. It presents a processing
chain including quality control tests and error quantification, which is
useful for further measurement campaigns.
Strong downdrafts preceding rapid tropopause ascent and their potential to identify cross-tropopause stratospheric intrusions
Authors: Chen Feilong , Chen Gang , Shi Chunhua , Tian Yufang , Zhang Shaodong , Huang Kaiming
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The capability of measuring three-dimensional wind and tropopause
structure with relatively high time and vertical resolution makes very-high-frequency (VHF) radars a
potentially important tool for studying various processes of the atmosphere.
However, at present several unanswered questions remain regarding the use of VHF
radars to identify possible stratospheric intrusions. Here the potential
detection of stratospheric intrusion events is discussed using the Beijing
MST (mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere) radar located at Xianghe (39.75∘ N, 116.96∘ E). During
the passage of a cutoff low in late November 2014, a deep V-shaped
tropopause structure and strong downdrafts
(> 0.8 m s−1) immediately
preceding the rapid tropopause ascent (> 0.2 km h−1) were
observed. Within the height region of the downdrafts, the stability of the
radar tropopause seems to be weakened. Analysis results from global
reanalysis and the satellite data, as well as the trajectory model, have shown
clear evidence of downward stratospheric intrusions (dry ozone-rich and
depleted methane air) associated with the strong downdrafts. A total of 20 typical
cases of such strong downdrafts, occurring during various synoptic processes
in different seasons, have been presented, and 15 of them are exactly
associated with some form of stratospheric intrusions. Four years
(2012–2015) of such downdrafts are further discussed. The observations
reveal that the strong downdrafts preceding the rapid tropopause ascent can
be a valuable diagnostic for monitoring intrusion events, which helps us to gain
a better understanding of stratospheric intrusions in VHF radar observations.
Modelling route choice of Dutch cyclists using smartphone data
Authors: Bernardi Silvia , La Paix-Puello Lissy , Geurs Karst
Published: October 2018

This paper analyzes the GPS traces recorded by cyclists in the framework of the Mobile Mobility Panel throughout the Netherlands. The objective of this paper is to analyze bicycle route choice via network attributes and trip length over a sequence of trips by approximately 280 bicycle users, who were asked to register their trips by means of a specific smartphone application. Approximately 3,500 bike trips were recorded throughout the Netherlands over a four-week period in 2014. The bike trips have been matched to a specific bicycle network built and updated by a Dutch cyclists’ union. Route choice models were estimated, using both the binomial logit model and the mixed multinomial logit model with Path-size logit model formulation. The chosen alternatives were part of the choice set for the mixed multinomial logit model. Also, the shortest route was generated for each origin-destination pair.

The results show that trip lengths and trip distribution over time reveal a population sample much used to cycling, frequently and over long distances. Furthermore, when considering the composition of chosen routes in terms of link type, the usage of cycleway links is frequent. For repeated trips, the shortest route option tends to be chosen more; frequent cyclists, on systematic trips, tend to optimize their trip and prefer the shortest routes. This is even truer for males and for non-leisure trips. The estimated probabilities for both multinomial and binomial models show that the binomial model tends to overestimate the probabilities of choosing the shortest route. This result is stronger in non-leisure trips, where people tend to choose a more personalized route, instead of the shortest. This research contributes to the generation of a more efficient distribution of bicycle trips over the network. Future research can more specifically address the intrapersonal variation in route—destination choice given the availability of longitudinal data.
Novedades para la pteridoflora ibérica en el contexto de un nuevo sistema para las plantas vasculares sin semilla
Authors: Gabriel y Galán Jose María , Molino Sonia , De la Fuente Pablo , Seral Andrea
Published: October 2018

Recientemente ha sido publicada una nueva propuesta de clasificación de las plantas vasculares sin semilla (PPG1) hasta el rango de género, basada en caracteres morfológicos y filogenias moleculares, siendo consensuada por un gran número de especialistas en pteridología. Tras un año desde su aparición ha sido ampliamente aceptada por la comunidad científica. Esta nueva propuesta de clasificación presenta una serie de importantes cambios respecto a sistemas anteriores, entre ellos el empleado para la Flora Iberica I. Este trabajo plantea una actualización a la propuesta del PPG1 de la clasificación y nomenclatura de los taxones de licófitos y helechos de la flora ibérica.
Estudio etnofitonímico del valle pirenaico de Roncal (Navarra)
Authors: Orduna Portús Pablo , Pascual López Virginia
Published: October 2018

Este estudio contribuye al análisis de la fitonimia local del Valle de Roncal (Pirineo Navarro) desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar. Tras el trabajo de encuestación etnográfica y herborizaciones durante los años 2016/2017 se ha registrado el conocimiento tradicional y etnobotánico de la comarca, obteniendo 558 fitónimos de 269 especies vegetales (256 especies identificadas y 13 no determinadas aún). Los resultados del análisis indican que el 67,20% de los fitónimos presentan lexemas, prefijos o sufijos euskéricos, que 31 de ellos se comparten ente las distintas plantas estudiadas y que el 61% de dichas plantas presentan multiplicidad de fitónimos. Además, tras la clasificación etnográfica de los mismos se obtiene que las categorías de fisiofitónimo (28,03%), onomafitónimo (27,90%), alegórico-metafórico (17,80%) son las más representadas. Se concluye con una valoración de la evolución, pérdida o conservación de estos nombres comunes en la actualidad tras la contextualización antropológica-botánica.
La traducción al español de formas poéticas breves. Análisis traductológico de los "Épigrammes" de Voltaire
Authors: Díaz Alarcón Soledad
Published: October 2018

Desde el haiku japonés a los monostiques de Apollinaire, son variadas las formas de expresión poética que aglutinamos en “poesía minúscula”. Estas formas poéticas breves aprovechan la fuerza y el movimiento, gracias a la economía verbal, para expresar un pensamiento ingenioso o una crítica sutil. Desde un prisma traductológico, si la traducción poética entraña una dificultad por la simbiosis entre forma y contenido, la poesía minúscula acrecienta los retos de traducción al reducir el mensaje a su esencia. Por tanto, en este trabajo partimos de una reflexión teórica sobre los retos de traducción de la poesía breve y presentamos un análisis traductológico y una propuesta de traducción al español de una selección de epigramas de Voltaire, con la finalidad de determinar las estrategias que permiten superar algunos de los problemas de la práctica de la traducción poética al español de poemas franceses.
The Power of Consumer Activism and the Value of Public Health Immunization Registries in a Pandemic: Preparedness for Emerging Diseases and Today’s Outbreaks
Authors: Popovich Michael , Watkins Todd , Kudia Ousswa
Published: October 2018

Public Health immunization registries and the immunization ecosystem have evolved over the past two decades to become significant population health data assets.  Clinical providers and pharmacists are reporting to public health registries in 49 states and all territories the immunizations given to their patients, creating consolidated immunization event patient records. Most of these immunization events are reported through the provider’s Electronic Health Record system (EHR), Pharmacy Management System (PMS), online, or through data uploads. Meaningful Use and health data standards (HL7) became the drivers that accelerated reporting to immunization registries and significantly improved the quality of the data. The infrastructure supporting the Immunization Ecosystem (IE) has enabled real-time compliance reporting and, more importantly, real-time patient queries. The provider community now has online access to a patient’s immunization history in over three quarters of the states, and growing. This access includes a forecast of the patient’s immunization gaps provided by public health decision support tools based upon the most recent ACIP recommendations.  This is creating an opportunity for the provider and the patient to work together to reduce their risk of suffering a vaccine-preventable disease. This IE and the data in an Immunization Information System (IIS) are especially useful as pharmacies expand their immunization practices and create opportunities to reduce the adolescent and adult immunization gaps.In a few states, this provider-public health ecosystem has begun to extend to individuals by allowing them to access the IIS online. This provides them with the electronic version of their immunization "yellow cards," recommendations for immunizations due, and the ability to print official certificates. This emerging consumer engagement creates opportunities to empower individuals to be more proactive in their family’s health care.This paper builds upon early experiments to empower individuals in this ecosystem by leveraging the value of these public health data assets and trusted communications, illustrating the possibilities for engaging consumers to support reducing the impact of emerging diseases, outbreaks and the next pandemic. This paper will suggest the value of the IE and the role individuals can play within their own social networks to advance public health’s efforts to manage disease events. In turn, this social mission would encourage consumers to be more proactive in managing their own healthcare.
Design Choices for Automated Disease Surveillance in the Social Web
Authors: Magumba Mark Abraham , Nabende Peter , Mwebaze Ernest
Published: October 2018

The social web has emerged as a dominant information architecture accelerating technology innovation on an unprecedented scale. The utility of these developments to public health use cases like disease surveillance, information dissemination, outbreak prediction and so forth has been widely investigated and variously demonstrated in work spanning several published experimental studies and deployed systems. In this paper we provide an overview of automated disease surveillance efforts based on the social web characterized by their different high level design choices regarding functional aspects like user participation and language parsing approaches. We briefly discuss the technical rationale and practical implications of these different choices in addition to the key limitations associated with these systems within the context of operable disease surveillance. We hope this can offer some technical guidance to multi-disciplinary teams on how best to implement, interpret and evaluate disease surveillance programs based on the social web.
The Attitudes and Awareness of the Teacher Candidates about Cultural Heritage
Authors: Polat Suat
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine of the teacher candidates’ attitudes and awareness levels towards culturalheritage and to ensure that the teacher candidates gain awareness of cultural heritage. The research is based on anexperimental model from quantitative research approaches and the population consists of teacher candidates who studyin Faculty of Education at Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University. Simple random sampling method was used to determinesample of the study. The data of the study was gathered with Personal Information Form and the Cultural HeritageAttitude Scale developed by Akbaba (2014). SPSS 22 program is used in the analysis of the data. According to theresults obtained, it is determined that gender, class and education status of the father are not effective in attitudes andawareness towards cultural heritage, whereas the undergraduate program and education of mother play an effectiverole. It has been determined that the educational trip has positively affected the transfer of cultural heritage,consciousness of cultural heritage and cultural heritage for the society.
The effect of cold stress on right ventricular function in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: YILMAZTEPE Mustafa , AKTOZ Meryem , TATLI Ersan , ALTUN Armağan
Published: October 2018

Objective: Pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure are poorprognostic factors in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The effect of coldstress on pulmonary vasospasm was evaluated in some trials butthe results were conflicting. The aim of our study was to determinethe effect of cold stress on right ventricular (RV) functions.Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients with SSc and24 age and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in thestudy. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed to allpatients at rest and after peripheral cold exposure. Baseline andafter cold stress test TTE were compared between the groups.Results: Cold exposure induced changes in particularly rightventicular functions. Pulmonary acceleration time was significantlyshortened in the SSc group (118.8±11.7ms vs 111.3±13.7ms,P<0.001). Tricuspid annular plane systolic excurison and RVfractional area change were also decreased after cold exposurein the SSc group. (23.3±1.6mm vs 21.9±1.9 mm, P<0.001;46.3±5.8 vs 44.4±5.8,P= 0.007, consecutively). Left ventricular(LV) functions did not change after cold stress (LV myocardialperformance index (0.42± 0.04 vs 0.42± 0.05), P= 0.748).Conclusion: Peripheral cold exposure caused a reductionin right ventricular functions indicating pulmonary Raynaud’sphenomenon as a possible contributing factor.
Konkrete Gerechtigkeit
Authors: Mahlmann Matthias
Published: October 2018

Das Buch gibt einen Überblick über Recht und Rechtswissenschaft der Gegenwart für Jurastudierende und für Interessierte aus anderen Disziplinen, die erfahren möchten, was Recht eigentlich ausmacht. Ausgehend von dem Befund, dass modernes Recht nur in internationalen Zusammenhängen und interdisziplinär verstanden und erschlossen werden kann, wirkt das Werk der Gefahr entgegen, sich in den Details spezieller Rechtsgebiete zu verlieren, und zeigt den berühmten „roten Faden“ auf. Damit ist die Darstellung des Rechts in seiner Struktur anschlussfähig für die Nachbarwissenschaften. Der Band gibt Orientierung und schafft Selbstvergewisserung, wenn über Recht und Rechtsystem als Teil der Gesellschaft in seinen sozialen, politischen, wirtschaftlichen und religiösen Dimensionen reflektiert werden soll.
Prados, F., Jiménez, H., Martínez, J.J. (Eds.) (2017). Menorca entre fenicis i púnics / Menorca entre fenicios y púnicos. Murcia: Centro de Estudios del Próximo Oriente y la Antigüedad Tardía de la Universidad de Murcia. 320 págs.
Authors: Missingham Pete
Published: October 2018

Menorca, como su nombre lo indica, es la 'pequeña' isla de las Baleares, fácilmente ensombrecida por Mallorca, y en lo que respecta a los asuntos fenicios y púnicos, también y especialmente por Ibiza. Esto ha dado lugar a un "vacío" de conocimiento injusto que rodea la isla de Menorca. De manera similar, la arqueología de la cultura talayótica, sometida a una presentación a la UNESCO, ha distraído la atención del resto de arqueología presente en la isla. Este libro busca abordar este problema. Un equipo de arqueólogos liderado por Fernando Prados, de la Universidad de Alicante, ha estado trabajando desde 2014 en un esfuerzo por dilucidar la presencia y el estado de cualquier arqueología fenicio-púnica. Este libro tiene la sensación de ser un evento único en una generación y establece un alto estándar para comparar los futuros libros de arqueología menorquina.

Menorca, as its name implies, is the ‘small’ island of the Balearics, easily overshadowed by Mallorca, and when it comes to Phoenician and Punic affairs, also and especially, by Ibiza. This has resulted in an unfair knowledge ‘vacuum’ surrounding the island of Menorca. In a similar vein, the archaeology of the Talaiotic culture, subject of a submission to UNESCO, has distracted attention away from the other archaeology present on the island. This book seeks to address this issue. A team of archaeologists lead by Fernando Prados, from the University of Alicante, have been at work since 2014 in an effort to elucidate the presence and status of any Phoenicio-Punic archaeology. This book has the feeling of a once-in-a-generation event and sets a high standard for future Menorcan archaeology books to be measured against.
Musical Semiotics – a Discipline, its History and Theories, Past and Present1
Authors: Tarasti Eero
Published: October 2018

Musical semiotics begins from the premise that music is a signifying phenomenon. However, the field itself has developed according to two distinct paths. The first one starts by considering music and its history. In the study of classical music, for instance, it will begin by considering rhetoric and affect during the Baroque period and then move to consider the topics of the Classical style or the interartistic aspects of Romanticism. The other path consists instead of applying general semiotic theories to music. A more proper approach, I believe, lies somewhere in the middle : it ought to configure general semiotic concepts to the special or historical problems of music. In this essay I give examples from my own work borrowing methodology from the Paris School of Semiotics developed by Greimas and from my own Existential Semiotics model.
Peut-il exister une logique de la notation musicale?
Authors: Chevalier Jean-Marie
Published: October 2018

Que fait-on lorsqu’on note un morceau de musique? Quelles sont les conditions de possibilité de la notation musicale? Que voit-on au juste sur une partition? Quelques éléments d’analyse de l’écriture de la musique sont proposés ici dans le sillage de la sémiotique peircienne. Une analogie entre notation musicale et notation logique révèle un réquisit d’iconicité des partitions. On peut distinguer trois niveaux d’iconicité de la musique correspondant à la trichotomie des hypoicônes : si les sons sont analogues à des images, la partition constitue une représentation en partie diagrammatique de rapports et d’intervalles, tandis que la signification musicale et l’interprétant émotionnel ont une nature métaphorique.
La musique et l’indescriptible
Authors: Yanakieva Miriana
Published: October 2018

L’oeuvre de musique en tant que telle est inexprimable dans le sens où il est impossible de transmettre au moyen des mots son contenu ou sens immanent. L’oeuvre de musique en tant que telle est également indescriptible dans le sens où il est impossible de donner à entendre sa matière sonore au moyen du langage. Par contre, et c’est la thèse principale du présent article, la description verbale de l’expérience de l’écoute musicale est possible et même souvent indispensable à la prise de conscience de cette expérience de la part du sujet.

Dans son argumentation l’article s’appuie sur la conception wittgensteinienne de la description comme création d’images destinées à servir d’instruments d’une attitude active à l’égard de ce que nous vivons, et non comme simple énuméraion des parties ou des aspects d’une chose.
Between the World and Black People : lire Ta-Nehisi Coates avec Alain Mabanckou et Marvel Comics
Authors: Imorou Abdoulaye
Published: October 2018

Une colère noire de Ta-Nehisi Coates livre une analyse de la condition des Africains-Américains centrée sur les violences, notamment policières, dont ils sont victimes. L’auteur affirme que cette violence est structurelle et trouve son origine dans la période esclavagiste. Elle est à la base d’un système qui repose sur l’exploitation et l’exclusion des Noirs. L’ouvrage laisse entendre que les choses sont peu susceptibles de changer, dans la mesure où l’Amérique blanche est décidée à conserver ses prérogatives et l’Amérique noire, impuissante. Cet article démontre que cette vision pessimiste des relations entre Noirs et Blancs est tempérée par un auteur comme Alain Mabanckou qui a préfacé la version française du livre, par la nouvelle ligne éditoriale adoptée par Marvel Comics à laquelle par-ticipe Ta-Nehisi Coates, mais aussi par certains aspects d’Une colère noire. En effet, ces productions invitent à repenser les romans nationaux.
Esthétique, politique et éthique du personnage : le métis dans l’oeuvre romanesque d’Henri Lopes
Authors: Mbondobari Sylvère
Published: October 2018

Le métis est non seulement au fondement de l’écriture d’Henri Lopes, il fait partie de son être. Il est le lieu où s’observent les mécanismes les plus subtils de la société moderne. Malédiction ou élection, le métis est une figure de l’entre-deux qui navigue entre les continents, fait vaciller nos certitudes et permet d’interroger notre être-au-monde. Le présent article entend étudier la figure du métis à partir d’un triple rapport avec l’histoire, avec la société coloniale et postcoloniale et avec la littérature.
Discours et pratiques en matière de stratégie carbone : le cas de la grande distribution intégrée en France1
Authors: Croizean2 Jean-Philippe , Robert-Demontrond Philippe , Bouillé Julien , Allano-Frey Marjorie
Published: October 2018

L’objet de cette recherche est de comprendre, dans le champ institutionnel de la grande distribution française, les stratégies carbone mises en place par les distributeurs intégrés Auchan, Casino et Carrefour. En croisant la théorie des cités de Boltanski et Thévenot et l’approche néo-institutionnaliste, nous étudions les discours et les pratiques sur la sobriété carbone. Ces apports théoriques sont, ensuite, mobilisés afin de comprendre les comportements et les stratégies mis en oeuvre par la grande distribution en matière de sobriété carbone. Enfin, une discussion est proposée sur la place que les distributeurs intégrés accordent au problème plus global du changement climatique.
L’impact de l’ancrage territorial sur le Business Model. Le cas du label Origine France Garantie
Authors: Persais Eric
Published: October 2018

Si le concept de Business Model (BM) a encore quelques détracteurs, son mérite est de centrer la problématique de l’entreprise sur la création de valeur économique et a fortiori financière. Paradoxalement, les exigences de Responsabilité Sociétale (RSE) conduisent à étendre l’idée de création de valeur pour les actionnaires à l’ensemble des parties prenantes et à y inclure des éléments de performance environnementale et sociale. La contribution de l’entreprise au développement territorial et à la préservation de l’emploi s’inscrit, notamment, dans cette perspective. De nombreuses entreprises font désormais le choix de produire localement bien que cela ait une incidence négative sur leur compétitivité-coût. Ce choix, loin d’être anodin, remet en cause le BM basé sur la création de valeur économique et financière puisqu’il élargit le concept de valeur à sa dimension sociétale. En outre, il conduit à une redéfinition de l’organisation de la chaîne et du réseau de valeur ainsi qu’à une réflexion concernant le portefeuille de ressources et compétences de l’entreprise. C’est ce que s’attache à démontrer l’auteur dans cette recherche basée sur des entretiens auprès de dirigeants de cinq entreprises dont les produits ont obtenu le label « Origine France Garantie » (OFG).
Enjeux de la différenciation selon le genre dans l’accompagnement collectif de la femme potentiellement créatrice
Authors: Bueno Merino Pascale , Duchemin Marie-Hélène
Published: October 2018

L’objectif de cet article consiste à identifier les enjeux de la différenciation selon le genre dans l’accompagnement collectif de la femme potentiellement créatrice. A partir d’une démarche abductive, nous montrons que la mise en place de collectifs de femmes, dans la phase ante-création, est génératrice de confiance en soi. Le caractère bienveillant, empathique et non compétitif du groupe exclusivement féminin facilite, pour certaines femmes candidates à la création, la déconstruction de stéréotypes de genre sur l’entrepreneuriat féminin et atténue le sentiment de culpabilité lié à la difficulté à concilier projet entrepreneurial et vie familiale. En d’autres termes, la participation de la femme potentiellement créatrice à un collectif féminin répond à un besoin psychologique d’approbation externe qui peut faire défaut, notamment au sein de la famille. Toutefois, la pratique de l’accompagnement collectif au féminin dans la phase ante-création présente certaines limites. Ces dernières résultent de l’importance accordée par certaines femmes à la mise en place d’un environnement mixte pour le partage d’expériences entrepreneuriales diverses et le développement de réseaux d’affaires.
Genetic and morphometric divergence in the Garnet-Throated HummingbirdLamprolaima rhami(Aves: Trochilidae)
Authors: Zamudio-Beltrán Luz E. , Hernández-Baños Blanca E.
Published: October 2018

Cloud forests are one of the most endangered ecosystems in the Americas, as well as one of the richest in biological diversity in the world. The species inhabiting these forests are susceptible to environmental changes and characterized by high levels of geographic structure. The Garnet-Throated Hummingbird,Lamprolaima rhami,mainly inhabits cloud forests, but can also be found in other habitats. This species has a highly restricted distribution in Mesoamerica, and five disjunct regions have been delimited within the current geographic distribution of the species from Mexico to Honduras. According to variation in size and color, three subspecies have been described:L. r. rhamirestricted to the Mexican highlands and Guatemala,L. r. occidentalisdistributed in Guerrero (Mexico), andL. r. saturatior, distributed in the highlands from Honduras and El Salvador. We analyzed the levels of geographic structure inL. rhamiand its taxonomic implications. We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to analyze genetic variation, demographic history, divergence times, reconstructed a multilocus phylogeny, and performed a species delimitation analyses. We also evaluated morphological variation in 208 specimens. We found high levels of genetic differentiation in three groups, and significant variation in morphological traits corresponding with the disjunct geographic populations.L. rhamipresents population stability with the highest genetic variation explained by differences between populations. Divergence time estimates suggest thatL. rhamisplit from its sister group around 10.55 million years ago, and the diversification of the complex was dated ca. 0.207 Mya. The hypotheses tested in the species delimitation analyses validated three independent lineages corresponding to three disjunct populations. This study provides evidence of genetic and/or morphometric differentiation between populations in theL. rhamicomplex where four separate evolutionary lineages are supported: (1) populations from the Sierra Madre Oriental and the highlands of Oaxaca (rhami), (2) populations from the highlands of Guerrero (occidentalis), (3) populations from the highlands of Chiapas and Guatemala (this is a non-previously proposed potential taxon:tacanensis), and (4) populations from the highlands of Honduras and El Salvador (saturatior). The main promoters of the geographic structure found in theL. rhamicomplex are likely the Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a geographic barrier, isolation by distance resulting from habitat fragmentation, and climatic conditions during the Pleistocene.
Continental-scale suppression of an invasive pest by a host-specific parasitoid underlines both environmental and economic benefits of arthropod biological control
Authors: Wyckhuys Kris A.G. , Wongtiem Prapit , Rauf Aunu , Thancharoen Anchana , Heimpel George E. , Le Nhung T.T. , Fanani Muhammad Zainal , Gurr Geoff M. , Lundgren Jonathan G. , Burra Dharani D. , Palao Leo K. , Hyman Glenn , Graziosi Ignazio , Le Vi X. , Cock Matthew J.W. , Tscharntke Teja , Wratten Steve D. , Nguyen Liem V. , You Minsheng , Lu Yanhui , Ketelaar Johannes W. , Goergen Georg , Neuenschwander Peter
Published: October 2018

Biological control, a globally-important ecosystem service, can provide long-term and broad-scale suppression of invasive pests, weeds and pathogens in natural, urban and agricultural environments. Following (few) historic cases that led to sizeable environmental up-sets, the discipline of arthropod biological control has—over the past decades—evolved and matured. Now, by deliberately taking into account the ecological risks associated with the planned introduction of insect natural enemies, immense environmental and societal benefits can be gained. In this study, we document and analyze a successful case of biological control against the cassava mealybug,Phenacoccus manihoti(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) which invaded Southeast Asia in 2008, where it caused substantial crop losses and triggered two- to three-fold surges in agricultural commodity prices. In 2009, the host-specific parasitoidAnagyrus lopezi(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was released in Thailand and subsequently introduced into neighboring Asian countries. Drawing upon continental-scale insect surveys, multi-year population studies and (field-level) experimental assays, we show howA. lopeziattained intermediate to high parasitism rates across diverse agro-ecological contexts. Driving mealybug populations below non-damaging levels over a broad geographical area,A. lopeziallowed yield recoveries up to 10.0 t/ha and provided biological control services worth several hundred dollars per ha (at local farm-gate prices) in Asia’s four-million ha cassava crop. Our work provides lessons to invasion science and crop protection worldwide. Furthermore, it accentuates the importance of scientifically-guided biological control for insect pest management, and highlights its potentially large socio-economic benefits to agricultural sustainability in the face of a debilitating invasive pest. In times of unrelenting insect invasions, surging pesticide use and accelerating biodiversity loss across the globe, this study demonstrates how biological control—as a pure public good endeavor—constitutes a powerful, cost-effective and environmentally-responsible solution for invasive species mitigation.
Petroleum sulfonates, calcium salts (technical‐grade mixture in mineral oil) [MAK Value Documentation, 2018]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: October 2018

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) and the Pregnancy Risk Group of petroleum sulfonates, calcium salts [
61789‐86‐4
].

Petroleum sulfonates, calcium salts are manufactured as solution in mineral oil. Critical effect is lung toxicity which is observed as macrophage accumulation and hyperplasia of the bronchioli in a 4‐week inhalation study with petroleum sulfonates, calcium salts in rats at a respirable aerosol concentration of 156 mg/m
3
with a NOAEC of 49.5 mg/m
3
. These effects are similar to those with highly refined mineral oils observed in rats and dogs. A MAK value of 5 mg/m
3
had been set for petroleum sulfonates, calcium salts as the respirable fraction (R), which corresponds to the MAK value of white mineral oil. This value is now reaffirmed even considering the increased respiratory volume at the workplace (see List of MAK and BAT Values, Sections I b and I c).

There is still no data on developmental toxicity with petroleum sulfonates, calcium salts. The classification in Pregnancy Risk Group D is therefore retained.
Assessment of combined use of ArcCheck® detector and portal dosimetry for delivery quality assurance of head and neck and prostate volumetric‐modulated arc therapy
Authors: Moliner Gilles , Sorro Lise , Verstraet Rodolfe , Daviau Paul Alexandre , Casas Mélanie , Piron Bérengère , Dubois Karine , Debrigode Charles , Barrau Corinne , Bons Françoise , Greffier Joël
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To assess the efficiency of combined use of ArcCheck® detector (AC) and portal dosimetry (PDIP) for delivery quality assurance of head and neck and prostate volumetric‐modulated arc therapy.

Materials and methods

Measurement processes were studied with the Gamma index method according to three analysis protocols. The detection sensitivity to technical errors of each individual or combined measurement processes was studied by inserting collimator, dose and MLC opening error into five head and neck and five prostate initial treatment plans. A total of 220 plans were created and 660 analyses were conducted by comparing measurements to error free planned dose matrix.

Results

For head and neck localization, collimator errors could be detected from 2° for AC and 3° for PDIP. Dose and MLC errors could be detected from 2% and 0.5 mm for AC and PDIP. Depending on the analysis protocol, the detection sensitivity of total simulated errors ranged from 54% to 88% for AC vs 40% to 74% for PDIP and 58% to 92% for the combined process. For the prostate localization, collimator errors could be detected from 4° for AC while they could not be detected by PDIP. Dose and MLC errors could be detected from 3% and 0.5 mm for AC and PDIP. The detection sensitivity of total simulated errors ranged from 30% to 56% for AC vs 16% to 38% for PDIP and 30% to 58% for combined process.

Conclusion

The combined use of the two measurement processes did not statistically improve the detectability of technical errors compared to use of single process.
AAPM medical physics practice guideline 10.a.: Scope of practice for clinical medical physics
Authors: Clements Jessica B. , Baird Christopher T. , de Boer Steven F. , Fairobent Lynne A. , Fisher Tyler , Goodwin James H. , Gress Dustin A. , Johnson Jennifer Lynn , Kolsky Kathryn L. , Mageras Gig S. , Marsh Rebecca M. , Martin Melissa C. , Parker Brent , Pavord Daniel C. , Schell Michael C. , Anthony Seibert J. , Stevens Donna M. , Tarver Russell B. , Waite‐Jones Christopher G. , Wingreen Nicholai
Published: October 2018

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) is a nonprofit professional society whose primary purposes are to advance the science, education, and professional practice of medical physics. The AAPM has more than 8000 members and is the principal organization of medical physicists in the United States. The AAPM will periodically define new practice guidelines for medical physics practice to help advance the science of medical physics and to improve the quality of service to patients throughout the United States. Existing medical physics practice guidelines will be reviewed for the purpose of revision or renewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner. Each medical physics practice guideline (MPPG) represents a policy statement by the AAPM, has undergone a thorough consensus process in which it has been subjected to extensive review, and requires the approval of the Professional Council. The medical physics practice guidelines recognize that the safe and effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiation requires specific training, skills, and techniques as described in each document. As the review of the previous version of AAPM Professional Policy (PP)‐17 (Scope of Practice) progressed, the writing group focused on one of the main goals: to have this document accepted by regulatory and accrediting bodies. After much discussion, it was decided that this goal would be better served through a MPPG. To further advance this goal, the text was updated to reflect the rationale and processes by which the activities in the scope of practice were identified and categorized. Lastly, the AAPM Professional Council believes that this document has benefitted from public comment which is part of the MPPG process but not the AAPM Professional Policy approval process. The following terms are used in the AAPM's MPPGs:

Must and Must Not: Used to indicate that adherence to the recommendation is considered necessary to conform to this practice guideline.

Should and Should Not: Used to indicate a prudent practice to which exceptions may occasionally be made in appropriate circumstances.
Assessment of specific versus combined purpose knowledge based models in prostate radiotherapy
Authors: Bossart Elizabeth , Duffy Melissa , Simpson Garrett , Abramowitz Matthew , Pollack Alan , Dogan Nesrin
Published: October 2018

Knowledge‐based planning (KBP) can be used to improve plan quality, planning speed, and reduce the inter‐patient plan variability. KPB may also identify and reduce systematic variations in VMAT plans, something very important in multi‐institutional clinical trials. Training of a KBP library is a complex and difficult process, and models must be validated prior to their clinical use. The purpose of this work is to assess the quality of the treatment plans generated using a specific versus combined purpose model KBP library for prostate cancer. Seven KBP model libraries were created from a set of patients treated on various Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved protocols. All KBP libraries were validated using an independent set of twenty patients (half treated Pr: Prostate alone half treated PLN: prostate plus pelvic lymph nodes). Two models were tested on the Pr patients only, four tested on PLN patients only, and one tested on all patients. All plans were normalized such that at least 95% of the prostate planning target volume received 100% of the planned dose. The plans based on different model libraries were compared to each other and the expert clinical plan. For Pr plans there were almost no statistically significant differences (P < 0.008) between the plans types except conformity index (CI) with library plans better than the expert. For PLN plans, all model libraries in generally showed femur doses and CI better than the expert plans (P < 0.003). This study demonstrated that no large differences were observed between specific versus combined KBP model libraries in dosimetry of prostate cancer patients. This would allow for a fewer specific plans to be needed to create a model library. Further studies are needed to evaluate benefits of combined purpose model libraries for planning of complex sites such as head and neck cancer.
Scalable Production of Therapeutic Protein Nanoparticles Using Flash Nanoprecipitation
Authors: Zeng Zhipeng , Dong Cong , Zhao Pengfei , Liu Zhijia , Liu Lixin , Mao Hai‐Quan , Leong Kam W. , Gao Xiaohu , Chen Yongming
Published: October 2018

Flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) by fast mixing of drug‐containing organic solvent and water in a microchamber is a powerful and scalable technology to produce solid drug nanoparticles with high payload. The embedded therapeutic drugs, however, are largely limited to hydrophobic small molecules. By transferring proteins into organic solvent via hydrophobic ion pairing, the scope of FNP applications is expanded. This platform technology is capable of producing protein nanoparticles with tunable sizes (from ≈30 nm to sub‐micrometers), high‐production scale (grams per hour), high drug loading efficiency (>90%), and excellent reproducibility, opening a new paradigm for formulation of biological pharmaceuticals. As a proof‐of‐concept, insulin nanoparticles are made to address a major medical challenge; oral administration. A relative insulin bioavailability of 13.2% is achieved, enabling sustained reduction of blood glucose levels in a diabetic rat model.
“Like parent, like child”: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder‐like characteristics in parents of ADHD cases
Authors: Trejo Salvador , Matute Esmeralda , de Lourdes Ramírez‐Dueñas María , Mendizabal‐Ruiz Adriana P. , Chamorro Yaira , Morales José A.
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to characterize an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) endophenotype in non‐affected parents of adolescents with a history of ADHD, based on the relationship between performance on a sustained attention test (continuous performance task, or CPT) and polymorphisms of the DRD4 gene. In a sample of 25 non‐affected parents of adolescents with ADHD history obtained from a longitudinal study of a nonclinical population, and 25 non‐affected parents of adolescents with no ADHD history, four groups were evaluated with respect to the presence or absence of the long allele polymorphism of the DRD4 gene (i.e., over seven repeats). Comparisons of CPT performance among the four study groups included the number of commission errors, the number of omission errors, mean reaction time on correct responses (MRT), and reaction time (RT) variability (mean standard deviation of RT in each block [SDRT, as variability], and the sigma and tau components of the ex‐Gaussian approach). The group of non‐affected parents of adolescents with ADHD history and at least one long allele of the DRD4 gene showed greater RT variability (measured by SDRT), which is best explained by the greater frequency of abnormally slow responses (measured by tau). An association between the presence of the long allele of the DRD4 gene polymorphism and ADHD‐like failure in CPT performance was evident in the non‐affected parents of adolescents with ADHD in childhood. These findings suggest that certain traits of CPT performance could be considered an ADHD endophenotype.