bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INDUCING W-GRAPHS FOR SYMMETRIC GROUPS
Authors: YIN YUNCHUAN
Published: March 2011

The W-graph representations for symmetric groups Gn and their Hecke algebras have been studied by many authors, but the situation for a large n (for instance n ≥ 16) has not been completely solved. The aim of this note is to provide an algorithm of "inducing W-graphs" step by step from smaller n, to construct W-graphs for the left cells of the symmetric groups for bigger n.
UNIVERSAL TREE-GRADED SPACES AND ASYMPTOTIC CONES
Authors: OSIN DENIS , SAPIR MARK
Published: March 2011

We define and give explicit construction of a universal tree-graded space with a given collection of pieces. We apply that to proving uniqueness of asymptotic cones of relatively hyperbolic groups whose peripheral subgroups have unique asymptotic cones. Modulo the Continuum Hypothesis, we show that if an asymptotic cone of a geodesic metric space is homogeneous and has cut points, then it is the universal tree-graded space whose pieces are maximal connected subsets without cut points. Thus it is completely determined by its collection of pieces.
COMPUTING LOCAL RANKS IN SPORADIC GROUPS
Authors: WANG BAOSHAN
Published: March 2011

In this paper we mainly study sporadic groups in term of p-local rank, especially the p-local ranks of those groups will be given when p is an odd prime.
ALMOST OVERLAP-FREE WORDS AND THE WORD PROBLEM FOR THE FREE BURNSIDE SEMIGROUP SATISFYING x2= x3
Authors: PLYUSHCHENKO ANDREY N. , SHUR ARSENY M.
Published: March 2011

We study the word problem for the free Burnside semigroup satisfying x2= x3and having two generators. The elements of this semigroup are classes of equivalent words. A natural way to solve the word problem is to select a unique "canonical" representative for each equivalence class. We prove that overlap-free words and "almost" overlap-free words can serve as canonical representatives of their equivalence classes. We show that such a word in a given class, if any, can be efficiently found. As a result, we construct a linear-time algorithm that partially solves the word problem for the semigroup under consideration.
COMMENT ON "ANGULAR SIZE TEST ON THE EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE," BY M. LÓPEZ-CORREDOIRA
Authors: KHOKHLOV D. L.
Published: March 2011

The results of the angular size test in the paper under comment are at variance with those for compact radio sources. The possible reason for the difference between the two results is discussed.
ANISOTROPIC DARK ENERGY AND ELLIPSOIDAL UNIVERSE
Authors: CAMPANELLI L. , CEA P. , FOGLI G. L. , TEDESCO L.
Published: March 2011

A cosmological model with anisotropic dark energy is analyzed. The amount of deviation from isotropy of the equation of state of dark energy, the skewness δ, generates an anisotropization of the large-scale geometry of the Universe, quantifiable by means of the actual shear Σ0. Requiring that the level of cosmic anisotropization at the time of decoupling be such that we can solve the "quadrupole problem" of cosmic microwave background radiation, we find that |δ| ~ 10-4and |Σ_0| ~10-5, compatible with existing limits derived from the magnitude redshift data on Type Ia supernovae.
HOŘAVA–LIFSHITZ GRAVITY: TIGHTER CONSTRAINTS FOR THE KEHAGIAS–SFETSOS SOLUTION FROM NEW SOLAR SYSTEM DATA
Authors: IORIO L. , RUGGIERO M. L.
Published: March 2011

We analytically work out the perturbation Δρ induced by the Kehagias–Sfetsos (KS) spacetime solution of the Hořava–Lifshitz (HL) modified gravity at long distances on the two-body range ρ for a pair of test particles A and B orbiting the same mass M. We apply our results to the most recently obtained range residuals δρ for some planets of the solar system (Mercury, Mars, Saturn) ranged from the Earth to effectively constrain the dimensionless KS parameter ψ0 for the Sun. We obtain [Formula: see text] (Mercury), [Formula: see text] (Mars), and [Formula: see text] (Saturn). Such lower bounds are tighter than others existing in the literature by several orders of magnitude. We also preliminarily obtain [Formula: see text] for the system constituted by the S2 star orbiting the supermassive black hole (SBH) in the center of the galaxy.
THERMODYNAMICAL LAWS IN HOŘAVA–LIFSHITZ GRAVITY
Authors: BHATTACHARYA SAMARPITA , DEBNATH UJJAL
Published: March 2011

In this work, we investigate the validity of the GSL of thermodynamics in the universe (open, closed and flat) governed by Hořava–Lifshitz (HL) gravity. If the universe contains barotropic fluid, we obtain the corresponding solutions. The validity of the GSL is examined by two approaches: (i) the robust approach and (ii) the effective approach. In the robust approach, we consider that the universe contains only matter fluid. Also, the effect of the gravitational sector of HL gravity is incorporated through the modified black hole entropy on the horizon. The effective approach is that all extra information of HL gravity is cast into an effective dark energy fluid, and so we consider that the universe contains matter fluid plus this effective fluid. This approach is essentially the same as Einstein's gravity theory. The general prescription for the validity of the GSL is discussed. Graphically, we show that the GSL may be satisfied for the open, closed and flat universes on the different horizons with different conditions.
SYMMETRIES IN THE INTRINSIC NUCLEAR FRAMES
Authors: GÓŹDŹ A. , SZULERECKA A. , DOBROWOLSKI A. , DUDEK J.
Published: March 2011

Structure of symmetrization group and its influence on symmetries in the intrinsic frame for collective nuclear models is analysed.
ODD NUCLEI AND SHAPE PHASE TRANSITIONS: THE ROLE OF THE UNPAIRED FERMION
Authors: FORTUNATO L. , ALONSO C.E. , ARIAS J.M. , BÖYÜKATA M. , VITTURI A.
Published: March 2011

Shape phase transitions in even and odd systems are reviewed within the frameworks of the Interacting Boson Model(IBM) and the Interacting Boson Fermion Model(IBFM), respectively and compared with geometric models when available. We discuss, in particular, the case of an odd j = 3/2 particle coupled to an even-even boson core that undergoes a transition from the spherical limit U(5) to the γ-unstable limit O(6). Energy spectrum and electromagnetic transitions, in correspondence of the critical point, display behaviors qualitatively similar to those of the even core and they agree qualitatively with the model based on the E (5/4) boson-fermion symmetry. We describe then the UBF(5) to SUBF(3) transition when a fermion is allowed to occupy the orbits j = 1/2, 3/2, 5/2. The additional particle characterizes the properties at the critical points in finite quantum systems.
EFFECTS OF CORE POLARIZATION AND PAIRING CORRELATIONS ON SOME GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES OF DEFORMED ODD-MASS NUCLEI WITHIN THE HIGHER TAMM–DANCOFF APPROACH
Authors: BONNEAU LUDOVIC , LE BLOAS JULIEN , QUENTIN PHILIPPE , MINKOV NIKOLAY
Published: March 2011

In self-consistent mean-field approaches, the description of odd-mass nuclei requires to break the time-reversal invariance of the underlying one-body hamiltonian. This induces a polarization of the even-even core to which the odd nucleon is added. To properly describe the pairing correlations (in T = 1 and T = 0 channels) in such nuclei, we implement the particle-number conserving Higher Tamm–Dancoff approximation with a residual δ interaction in each isospin channel by restricting the many-body basis to two-particle–two–hole excitations of pair type (nn, pp and np) on top of the Hartree–Fock solution. We apply this approach to the calculation of two ground-state properties of well-deformed nuclei |Tz| = 1 nuclei around 24 Mg and 48 Cr , namely the isovector odd-even binding-energy difference and the magnetic dipole moment, focusing on the impact of pairing correlations.
FUSION BY DIFFUSION MODEL REVISITED
Authors: CAP T. , SIWEK-WILCZYŃSKA K. , WILCZYŃSKI J.
Published: March 2011

A complete set of 27 excitation functions for synthesis of superheavy nuclei produced in cold fusion reactions was analyzed in terms of the "Fusion by Diffusion Model" of Światecki et al., modified to account for the angular momentum dependence of the fusion hindrance factor. The data on cold fusion reactions originate from experiments carried out at GSI Darmstadt, RIKEN Tokyo and LBNL Berkeley in which 208 Pb and 209 Bi targets were bombarded with the variety of projectiles ranging from 48,50 Ti to 70 Zn .
MICROSCOPIC ENERGY CORRECTIONS AT THE SCISSION CONFIGURATION
Authors: POMORSKI KRZYSZTOF , NERLO-POMORSKA BOŻENA , BARTEL JOHANN
Published: March 2011

The Strutinsky shell correction and the pairing correlations at deformations close to scission point are studied. It is shown that the shell correction energy of the nuclear system at scission is simply the sum of the shell-correction energies of the two nascent fragments while this is not the case for the pairing corrections when the reflection symmetry of the system is broken. To study this effect the use of a δ-pairing force or of the Gogny interaction is recommended. It is also shown that the strength of the pairing correlations should grow with increasing deformation of the fissioning nucleus in order to obtain the correct properties of the fragments.
ESTIMATION OF THE INACCURACY OF CALCULATED MASSES AND FISSION-BARRIER HEIGHTS OF HEAVY NUCLEI
Authors: SOBICZEWSKI A. , ROZMEJ P.
Published: March 2011

The inaccuracy of calculated masses M and (static) fission-barrier height [Formula: see text] of heaviest nuclei is estimated. The estimation is performed within a macroscopic-microscopic approach for two nuclei: a heavy nucleus 250 Cf and a superheavy one 294118. The source of the inaccuracy is the inaccuracy of calculated deformation of a nucleus and of calculated pairing-interaction strength. It is shown that the inaccuracy of the ground-state mass M, due to the inaccuracy of the calculated deformation is small, up to about 20 keV. The inaccuracy of M, due to the inaccuracy of the pairing strength is much larger, up to 310 keV. The inaccuracy of [Formula: see text], due to the inaccuracy of the deformation is up to about 70 keV, while this due to the inaccuracy of the pairing strength is up to 520 keV. For both studied nuclei, the calculated inaccuracy of [Formula: see text] is smaller than the discrepancy between the values of [Formula: see text] obtained recently within different macroscopic-microscopic models.
SIGNATURES OF CHIRALITY IN THE CORE-PARTICLE-HOLE SYSTEMS
Authors: ROHOZIŃSKI STANISŁAW G. , PRÓCHNIAK LESZEK , DROSTE CHRYSTIAN , STAROSTA KRZYSZTOF
Published: March 2011

An odd-odd nucleus is treated as the core-particle-hole system. The core is described by the Bohr Hamiltonian. Different collective potentials of the core are investigated. The odd particle and hole are assumed to be in the symmetric [Formula: see text] configuration. Signatures of chirality in the odd-odd nucleus spectra are observed. The sufficient condition for the appearance of signatures of chirality in the core-particle-hole system is the α-symmetry of the core provided the particle-hole configuration of the odd valence particles is symmetric.
SELECTION RULE FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSITIONS IN NUCLEAR CHIRAL GEOMETRY
Authors: HAMAMOTO IKUKO
Published: March 2011

In order to find the selection rules that can be applied to the electromagnetic transitions when the chiral geometry is achieved, a model for a special configuration in triaxial odd-odd nuclei is constructed which exhibits degenerate chiral bands with a sizable rotation. A quantum number obtained from the invariance of the Hamiltonian is given and the selection rule for electromagnetic transition probabilities in chiral bands is derived in terms of this quantum number. Among the available candidates for chiral bands of odd-odd nuclei, in which the near degeneracy of two ΔI = 1 bands is observed, the measured electromagnetic properties of the two bands in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are consistent with the rules, while those of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are not.
MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION OF TEMPERATURE AND PAIRING EFFECTS IN NUCLEI
Authors: KHAN E. , SANDULESCU N.
Published: March 2011

Finite temperature Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations are performed in finite nuclei using Skyrme and zero-range, density-dependent pairing interactions. The value of the critical temperature follows approximatively the empirical rule Tc ≃ 0.5 ΔT=0. The specific heat is calculated within the FT-HFB framework. Preliminary results obtained with the FT-QRPA are discussed.
MICROSCOPIC CLUSTER MODELS
Authors: DUFOUR MARIANNE , DESCOUVEMONT PIERRE
Published: March 2011

General aspect of microscopic cluster models based on the combination of the Generator-Coordinate-Method and of the R-matrix method are presented. The adequacy of such a method to describe cluster states and reactions of astrophysical interest is illustrated by two typical examples.
APPEARANCE OF NUCLEAR SHELL EFFECTS AND INITIAL CHARGE (MASS) ASYMMETRY IN THE FORMATION OF PRODUCTS OF HEAVY ION COLLISIONS
Authors: NASIROV AVAZBEK , FAZIO GIOVANNI , GIARDINA GIORGIO , MANDAGLIO GIUSEPPE , MANGANARO MARINA , MUMINOV AKHTAM
Published: March 2011

The role of the entrance channel in the formation of the reaction products is discussed. The excitation functions of evaporation residues for the 50 Ti +249 Cf and 54 Cr +248 Cm reactions are compared.
EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF THE DEFORMATION THROUGH THE ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBE: SHAPE COEXISTENCE IN EXOTIC KR AND SR ISOTOPES
Authors: CLÉMENT E. , DE FRANCE G. , CASANDJIAN J.M. , GÖRGEN A. , KORTEN W. , BOUCHEZ E. , CHATILLON A. , HÜRSTEL A. , LE COZ Y. , OBERTELLI A. , THEISEN C. , WILSON J.N. , DELAROCHE J.-P. , GIROD M. , GOUTTE H. , PÉRU S. , CZOSNYKA T. , IWANICKI J. , NAPIORKOWSKI P.J. , SREBRNY J. , WRZOSEK-LIPSKA K. , ZIELIŃSKA M. , BREE N. , STEFANESCU I. , VAN DE WALLE J. , ANDREOIU C. , BUTLER P.A. , HERZBERG R.-D. , JENKINS D.G. , JONES G.D. , PETTS A. , BECKER F. , GERL J. , CATFORD W.N. , TIMIS C.N. , SLETTEN G. , GEORGIEV G. , LJUNGVALL J.
Published: March 2011

The light krypton isotopes were studied in a series of Coulomb excitation experiments using radioactive beams at GANIL. The static quadrupole moments found in these experiments give firm experimental evidence for the shape coexistence scenario that is based on theoretical calculations and on the systematics of low-lying excited 0+ states. The experimental results are interpreted within a phenomenological two-band mixing model. Configuration mixing calculations based on triaxial Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations with the Gogny D1S effective interaction have been performed and compared to experimental data.
MODEL INDEPENDENT DETERMINATION OF QUADRUPOLE DEFORMATION PARAMETERS FROM COULOMB EXCITATION MEASUREMENTS
Authors: SREBRNY JULIAN , CLINE DOUGLAS
Published: March 2011

A relationship between experimental E 2 matrix elements and nuclear quadrupole charge deformation and triaxiality is presented. Examples of experimentally determined deformation and triaxiality parameters in various regions of the nuclear chart are specified. The most interesting results were found among transitional nuclei. The first such result from a radioactive beam facility is the identification of a triaxial strongly-deformed low-lying [Formula: see text] level in 76 Kr .
SHAPE EVOLUTION IN HEAVIEST STABLE EVEN-EVEN MOLYBDENUM ISOTOPES STUDIED VIA COULOMB EXCITATION
Authors: WRZOSEK-LIPSKA K. , ZIELIŃSKA M. , HADYŃSKA-KLȨK K. , HATSUKAWA Y. , IWANICKI J. , KATAKURA J. , KISIELIŃSKI M. , KOIZUMI M. , KOWALCZYK M. , KUSAKARI H. , MATSUDA M. , MORIKAWA T. , NAPIORKOWSKI P. J. , OSA A. , OSHIMA M. , PIȨTAK D. , PRÓCHNIAK L. , SHIZUMA T. , SREBRNY J. , SUGAWARA M. , TOH Y.
Published: March 2011

The quadrupole shape evolution in heaviest stable Mo isotopes is studied in terms of the shape coexistence phenomenon occurrence in this region of nuclear chart. Quadrupole deformation parameters of the 96,98,100 Mo isotopes in the low-lying (ground and excited) 0+ states were deduced using Coulomb excitation method. In all cases rich sets of electromagnetic reduced matrix elements were determined using the GOSIA code and then analysed using the Quadrupole Sum Rules formalism. Discussion of the experimental results in comparison with the predictions of microscopic calculations within the general quadrupole collective Bohr Hamiltonian model is presented for 100 Mo .
SCISSORS MODE OF EXCITED NUCLEI FROM (n,γ) REACTION
Authors: KRTIČKA MILAN , BEČVÁŘ FRANTIŠEK
Published: March 2011

Measurements of γ-ray cascades originating from radiative neutron capture in several deformed nuclei were performed using different experimental setups. Specifically, two-step γ cascades following the capture of thermal neutrons were measured at the Řež reactor, while multi-step γ cascades following the neutron capture were measured with 4π BaF 2 detectors at isolated resonances in Los Alamos and in unresolved resonance region in Karlsruhe. Experimental data from these experiments were analyzed within the statistical approach using the DICEBOX code. Results of the analysis indicate that the scissors mode of excited nuclei plays an important role in the γ decay of all the deformed nuclei studied. Properties of the mode seen from these experiments are discussed.
TEST OF TETRAHEDRAL SYMMETRY FOR HEAVY AND SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI
Authors: JACHIMOWICZ P. , ROZMEJ P. , KOWAL M. , SKALSKI J. , SOBICZEWSKI A.
Published: March 2011

In the recent years an interesting suggestion has been made that nucleus, like many other quantum objects, can have tetrahedral shape at the ground state. We test this hypothesis within the macroscopic-microscopic method, by using a 12 dimensional manifold of shapes, including: axial, nonaxial and reflection-asymmetric ones. We systematically calculate potential energy surfaces for even-even heavy and superheavy nuclei in the range of proton numbers 82 ≤ Z ≤ 128 and neutron numbers 98 ≤ N ≤ 194. We find that in the whole region of the investigated superheavy nuclei, tetrahedral symmetry does not play a significant role at the ground state.
CHIRALITY IN THE MASS 80 REGION: 79Kr
Authors: KOIKE T. , KINOSHITA S. , MA Y. , MIURA Y. , SHIROTORI K. , TAMURA H. , UKAI M. , SUZUKI T. , ENDO T. , FUJITA M. , MIYASHITA Y. , OHGUMA M. , SATO N. , SHINOZUKA T. , TATEOKA M. , WAKUI T. , YAMAZAKI A. , FUKUCHI T. , TIMÁR J. , JOSHI P. , AHN T. , RAINOVSKI G. , FU Y.Y.
Published: March 2011

The high spin states of 79 Kr were studied via the 70 Zn (13 C , 4 n ) reaction to search for chiral doublet bands based on the three-quasi-particle configuration, πg9/22 ⊗ νg9/2-1. The 13 C beam of 65 MeV was provided by the 930 AVF Cyclotron at CYclotron and RadioIsotope Center (CYRIC) facility at Tohoku University. The triple coincidence γ rays were detected by the Hyperball2 array. The side band structure to the πg9/22 ⊗ νg9/2-1 yrast band has been identified in 79 Kr . Spin and parity assignments are made based on the DCO ratio and linear polarization analysis.
PHOTON STRENGTH FUNCTIONS OF 160Tb FROM THE TWO-STEP GAMMA CASCADE MEASUREMENT
Authors: KROLL JIŘÍ , BEČVÁŘ FRANTIŠEK , KRTIČKA MILAN , TOMANDL IVO
Published: March 2011

Spectra of two-step γ cascades (TSCs) following thermal neutron capture in 159 Tb were measured. In order to obtain information about the quantities governing the γ decay of 160 Tb - the photon strength functions and the level density - the experimental TSC spectra were compared with the outcome of simulations of the γ cascade decay based on the validity of the extreme statistical model. The results obtained lead to an inescapable conclusion that the M1 scissors vibrational mode plays a crucial role in the cascade γ decay of the product nucleus 160 Tb . This finding represents the first evidence for the existence of the scissors mode in an odd-odd nucleus.
SPONTANEOUS FISSION HALF-LIVES IN VARIOUS MACROSCOPIC-MICROSCOPIC MODELS
Authors: ŁOJEWSKI Z.
Published: March 2011

The problem of describing spontaneous fission for the entire region of superheavy nuclei is continually present in theoretical investigations. This study outlines the results of the calculations of fission barriers and spontaneous fission half-lives for superheavy nuclei in the region of Z =100-122 using a mean field model. We examine four distinct macroscopic models and two types of pairing interactions. Our approach is based on the deformed Woods-Saxon potential. Spontaneous fission half-lives are calculated using a multi-dimensional dynamical-programming method, where the action integral is minimized within a three dimensional deformation space (β2, β4, β6).
ROTATIONAL STATES IN HEAVIEST ISOTOPES
Authors: NERLO-POMORSKA B. , POMORSKI K. , DOBROWOLSKI A.
Published: March 2011

Masses and rotational energies of even-even Fm - Hs isotopes are obtained using the Yukawa-folded single-particle potential and the Lublin Strasbourg Drop . The Strutinsky shell-correction method and the BCS approximation were used to evaluate the shell and pairing corrections. The paring force strength is adjusted to the experimental rotational states of the considered nuclei. The ground-state masses and the lowest rotational states obtained by using the cranking moments of inertia at the equilibrium deformations agree well with the experimental data.
FISSION HALF LIVES OF FERMIUM ISOTOPES WITHIN SKYRME HARTREE-FOCK-BOGOLIUBOV THEORY
Authors: BARAN A. , STASZCZAK A. , NAZAREWICZ W.
Published: March 2011

Nuclear fission barriers, mass parameters and spontaneous fission half lives of fermium isotopes calculated in a framework of the Skyrme Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov model with the SkM* force are discussed. Zero-point energy corrections in the ground state are determined for each nucleus using the Gaussian overlap approximation of the generator coordinate method and in the cranking formalism. Results of spontaneous fission half lives are compared to experimental data.
SUPERFLUID PROPERTIES OF DILUTE NEUTRON MATTER
Authors: WLAZŁOWSKI GABRIEL , MAGIERSKI PIOTR
Published: March 2011

We report results of fully non-perturbative calculations, based on Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC) approach, for the dilute neutron matter at the density ρ = 0.003 fm -3. Fundamental quantities which characterize the superfluid state: the single particle energy gap Δ(T), and the critical temperature Tc have been determined. The large value of Δ(0)/Tc ≈ 3.2 indicates that the system is not a BCS-type superfluid at low temperatures.
ADSORPTION AND DIFFUSION PROCESSES OF POLYETHYLENE ON SILICON (111) SURFACE STUDIED BY MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION
Authors: MU DAN , ZHOU YI-HAN
Published: March 2011

The adsorption of polyethylene with different chain lengths on a silicon (111) surface is studied via molecular dynamics simulations. The relative dielectric constant is selected to be 1 and 78.0 to mimic in vacuum and in solution environment, respectively. Different configurations and dynamic properties are found in the two absolutely different environments, showing that the solvent condition plays an obvious role in the process of chain adsorption and diffusion on the hydrophobic surface. The chain all present as two-dimensional (2D) adsorption configuration on the surface. The adsorption energy of different chain lengths follows a linear function, and the average adsorption energy per segment is -1.58 kcal/mol. In addition, the diffusion coefficient (D) of such chains scales with the degree of polymerization (N) as N-3/2.
UNITED ATOM MODEL APPROACH FOR DESCRIBING C60INTERACTION ENERGY IN MOLECULAR MECHANICS
Authors: LIM TEIK-CHENG
Published: March 2011

A unified atom model for describing interaction energy between C60molecules was obtained by Liu and Wang based on the Smith–Thakkar potential function. In view of the mathematical resemblance between the Liu–Wang and the conventional Lennard-Jones (12-6) function (used in computational chemistry software for describing van der Waals energy), modified versions of the Lennard-Jones function are proposed for quantifying the potential energy between C60molecules. In this way, the Liu–Wang parameters can be converted into Lennard-Jones parameters for ready execution in commercially available computational chemistry software with minimal hard-coding involved. It was found that the Lennard-Jones function reasonably approximates the Liu–Wang model when the former's indices are increased by a factor of (7/4), without introducing any change to the coefficients. A better agreement was found when m = 4n = 35.4857, which also requires the change in repulsive and attractive indices from 1 and 2 to (1/3) and (4/3), respectively.
A COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDY ON LEWIS ACID–BASE INTERACTIONS AND COOPERATIVE C-H⋯O WEAK HYDROGEN BONDING IN VARIOUS CO2 COMPLEXES
Authors: ZHANG XINGMEI , HAN XIAOLONG , XU WENHAO
Published: March 2011

The Lewis acid–base interaction and cooperative C-H⋯O weak hydrogen bonding have been widely suggested as two key factors in the solubility of CO2 -philic materials. In this work, both ab initio and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to investigate the properties of the two important interactions between CO2 and several common organic molecules. Binding energies, geometries and charge transfer were calculated by ab initio method, showing that the mutual enhancement between the two sorts of interactions plays an important role in the stability of the CO2 complexes. Monte Carlo simulations were employed to investigate the effect of many-body interactions in real solutions. The results show that the many-body interactions also have a significant impact on the energetic and geometric properties of the CO2 complexes. Moreover, the self-aggregation of strong polar molecules will greatly weaken the effective Lewis acid–base interaction due to the zone overlapping, which needs to be taken into account in the design of future CO2 -philes.
NONADIABATIC EFFECTS IN FEMTOSECOND PHOTOIONIZATION OFNaIMOLECULE
Authors: YAO HONG-BIN , LIN SHI-YING , ZHENG YU-JUN
Published: March 2011

In this work, the nonadiabatic effects in the femtosecond photoionization of NaI molecule driven by pump and probe pulses are investigated theoretically using the accurate quantum wave packet method. The calculation with the inclusion of nonadiabatic coupling remarkably improves the agreement with experimental results of Jouvet et al. [J Phys Chen A101: 2555, 1997], indicating the importance of the nonadiabatic effect. Moreover, the dynamical evolutions of wave packets and their corresponding time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy are presented both on the adiabatic and diabatic potentials. These comparisons contribute to further understanding of the influences of nonadiabatic effects in the femtosecond photoionization of NaI molecule.
EFFECT OF THE REACTANT ALIGNMENT ON STEREODYNAMICS FOR THE REACTIONF + OH
Authors: ZHAO JUAN
Published: March 2011

Quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations are performed for the reaction F + OH → HF + O based on the adiabatic potential-energy surface (PES) of the 13A″ triplet state. The reaction probability as a function of incident angle has been presented. The differential cross sections (DCSs), the distribution of angle between k and j′, P(θr) and the distribution of dihedral angle denoting k – k′ – j′ correlation, P(ϕr) have also been calculated at the different incident angles in the center-of-mass (CM) frame, respectively. The effects of reactant alignment on stereodynamics of the reaction are firstly revealed, which provides the theoretical foundation for the related experiment and enriches the theories of the stereodynamics.
RICCI FLOW EQUATION ON C-REDUCIBLE METRICS
Authors: SADEGHZADEH NASRIN , RAZAVI ASSADOLLAH
Published: March 2011

This paper focuses on the study of a deformation of Finsler metrics satisfying Ricci flow equation. We will prove that every deformation of Randers (Kropina)-metrics satisfying Ricci flow equation is Einstein, we will also show that a deformation of Einstein metrics with initial Randers (Kropina)-metrics remains Randers (Kropina). In other words the deformation of Randers (or Kropina)-metrics is exactly the fixed point of (un-normal and normal) Ricci flow equation.
TETRAD GRAVITY, ELECTROWEAK GEOMETRY AND CONFORMAL SYMMETRY
Authors: CANARUTTO DANIEL
Published: March 2011

A partly original description of gauge fields and electroweak geometry is proposed. A discussion of the breaking of conformal symmetry and the nature of the dilaton in the proposed setting indicates that such questions cannot be definitely answered in the context of electroweak geometry.
A PEDAGOGICAL INTRODUCTION TO THE SLAVNOV FORMULATION OF QUANTUM YANG–MILLS THEORY
Authors: GHORBANI HOSSEIN , ESPOSITO GIAMPIERO
Published: March 2011

Over the last few years, Slavnov has proposed a formulation of quantum Yang–Mills theory in the Coulomb gauge which preserves simultaneously manifest Lorentz invariance and gauge invariance of the ghost field Lagrangian. This paper presents in detail some of the necessary calculations, i.e. those dealing with the functional integral for the S-matrix and its invariance under shifted gauge transformations. The extension of this formalism to quantum gravity in the Prentki gauge deserves consideration.
SOME APPLICATIONS OF QUASI-VELOCITIES IN OPTIMAL CONTROL
Authors: ABRUNHEIRO LÍGIA , CAMARINHA MARGARIDA , CARIÑENA JOSÉ F. , CLEMENTE-GALLARDO JESÚS , MARTÍNEZ EDUARDO , SANTOS PATRICIA
Published: March 2011

In this paper we study optimal control problems for nonholonomic systems defined on Lie algebroids by using quasi-velocities. We consider both kinematic, i.e. systems whose cost functional depends only on position and velocities, and dynamic optimal control problems, i.e. systems whose cost functional depends also on accelerations. The formulation of the problem directly at the level of Lie algebroids turns out to be the correct framework to explain in detail similar results appeared recently [20]. We also provide several examples to illustrate our construction.
CLASSICAL TENSORS AND QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT II: MIXED STATES
Authors: ANIELLO P. , CLEMENTE-GALLARDO J. , MARMO G. , VOLKERT G. F.
Published: March 2011

Invariant operator-valued tensor fields on Lie groups are considered. These define classical tensor fields on Lie groups by evaluating them on a quantum state. This particular construction, applied on the local unitary group U(n) × U(n), may establish a method for the identification of entanglement monotone candidates by deriving invariant functions from tensors being by construction invariant under local unitary transformations. In particular, for n = 2, we recover the purity and a concurrence related function (Wootters 1998) as a sum of inner products of symmetric and anti-symmetric parts of the considered tensor fields. Moreover, we identify a distinguished entanglement monotone candidate by using a non-linear realization of the Lie algebra of SU(2) × SU(2). The functional dependence between the latter quantity and the concurrence is illustrated for a subclass of mixed states parametrized by two variables.
Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) and Lobster Eye (LE) Optics for Astronomical and Laboratory Applications
Authors: Hudec René
Published: March 2011

Most of grazing incidence (reflective) X-ray imaging systems used in astronomy and in other (laboratory) applications are based on the
Wolter 1 (or modified) arrangement. But there were proposed also other designs and configurations, which are considered for future applications for both in laboratory and (finitely) in space. The Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) lenses as well as various types of Lobster-Eye (LE) optics and MCP/Micropore optics serve as an example. Analogously to Wolter lenses, the X-rays are mostly reflected twice in these systems to create focal images. The KB systems have already found wide
usage in laboratory and synchrotron, both application are reviewed and discussed in detail in this paper. While this paper focuses on future possible applications of non-Wolter grazing incidence systems in space and astronomy, we also discuss in detail applications in other areas of science, where (in contrary to astronomy) some of these systems have demonstrated their advantages.
Examinations of tRNA Range of Motion Using Simulations of Cryo-EM Microscopy and X-Ray Data
Authors: Caulfield Thomas R. , Devkota Batsal , Rollins Geoffrey C.
Published: March 2011

We examined tRNA flexibility using a combination of steered and unbiased molecular dynamics simulations. Using Maxwell's demon algorithm, molecular dynamics was used to steer X-ray structure data toward that from an alternative state obtained from cryogenic-electron microscopy density maps. Thus, we were able to fit X-ray structures of tRNA onto cryogenic-electron microscopy density maps for hybrid states of tRNA. Additionally, we employed both Maxwell's demon molecular dynamics simulations and unbiased simulation methods to identify possible ribosome-tRNA contact areas where the ribosome may discriminate tRNAs during translation. Herein, we collected >500 ns of simulation data to assess the global range of motion for tRNAs. Biased simulations can be used to steer between known conformational stop points, while unbiased simulations allow for a general testing of conformational space previously unexplored. The unbiased molecular dynamics data describes the global conformational changes of tRNA on a sub-microsecond time scale for comparison with steered data. Additionally, the unbiased molecular dynamics data was used to identify putative contacts between tRNA and the ribosome during the accommodation step of translation. We found that the primary contact regions were H71 and H92 of the 50S subunit and ribosomal proteins L14 and L16.
Modulation of Cytokine and Cytokine Receptor/Antagonist by Treatment with Doxycycline and Tetracycline in Patients with Dengue Fever
Authors: Castro J. E. Z. , Vado-Solis I. , Perez-Osorio C. , Fredeking T. M.
Published: March 2011

Dengue virus infection can lead to dengue fever (DF) or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Disease severity has been linked to an increase in various cytokine levels. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of doxycycline and tetracycline to modulate serum levels of IL-6, IL-1B, and TNF and cytokine receptor/receptor antagonist TNF-R1 and IL-1RA in patients with DF or DHF. Hospitalized patients were randomized to receive standard supportive care or supportive care combined with doxycycline or tetracycline therapy. Serum cytokine and cytokine receptor/antagonist levels were determined at the onset of therapy and after 3 and 7 days. Cytokine and cytokine receptor/antagonist levels were substantially elevated at day 0. IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF remained at or above day 0 levels throughout the study period in untreated patients. Treatment with tetracycline or doxycycline resulted in a significant decline in cytokine levels. Similarly, IL-1RA and TNF-R1 serum concentrations were elevated at baseline and showed a moderate increase among untreated patients. Both drugs resulted in a significant rise in IL-1Ra levels by day 3 in patients. In contrast, treatment did not affect a similar result for TNF-R1. When compared to the control group, however, a significant rise post-treatment was seen upon intragroup analysis. Further analysis demonstrated that doxycycline was significantly more effective at modulating cytokine and cytokine receptor/antagonist levels than tetracycline.
Pharmacophore Modelling and Synthesis of Quinoline-3-Carbohydrazide as Antioxidants
Authors: El Bakkali Mustapha , Ismaili Lhassane , Tomassoli Isabelle , Nicod Laurence , Pudlo Marc , Refouvelet Bernard
Published: March 2011

From well-known antioxidants agents, we developed a first pharmacophore model containing four common chemical features: one aromatic ring and three hydrogen bond acceptors. This model served as a template in virtual screening of Maybridge and NCI databases that resulted in selection of sixteen compounds. The selected compounds showed a good antioxidant activity measured by three chemical tests: DPPH radical,OH∘radical, and superoxide radical scavenging. New synthetic compounds with a good correlation with the model were prepared, and some of them presented a good antioxidant activity.
Fixed Points and Random Stability of a Generalized Apollonius Type Quadratic Functional Equation
Authors: Kim MinJune , Schin SeungWon , Ki Dohyeong , Chang Jaewon , Kim Ji-Hye
Published: March 2011

Using the fixed-point method, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of a generalized Apollonius type quadratic functional equation in random Banach spaces.
Hypermethylation of CCND2 May Reflect a Smoking-Induced Precancerous Change in the Lung
Authors: Salskov Alexander , Hawes Stephen E. , Stern Joshua E. , Feng Qinghua , Jordan C. Diana , Wiens Linda , Rasey Janet , Lu Hiep , Kiviat Nancy B. , Vesselle Hubert
Published: March 2011

It remains unknown whether tobacco smoke induces DNA hypermethylation as an early event in carcinogenesis or as a late event, specific to overt cancer tissue. Using MethyLight assays, we analyzed 316 lung tissue samples from 151 cancer-free subjects (121 ever-smokers and 30 never-smokers) for hypermethylation of 19 genes previously observed to be hypermethylated in nonsmall cell lung cancers. Only APC (39%), CCND2 (21%), CDH1 (7%), and RARB (4%) were hypermethylated in >2% of these cancer-free subjects. CCND2 was hypermethylated more frequently in ever-smokers (26%) than in never-smokers (3%). CCND2 hypermethylation was also associated with increased age and upper lobe sample location. APC was frequently hypermethylated in both ever-smokers (41%) and never-smokers (30%). BVES, CDH13, CDKN2A (p16), CDKN2B, DAPK1, IGFBP3, IGSF4, KCNH5, KCNH8, MGMT, OPCML, PCSK6, RASSF1, RUNX, and TMS1 were rarely hypermethylated (<2%) in all subjects. Hypermethylation of CCND2 may reflect a smoking-induced precancerous change in the lung.
Glasgow Coma Scale and Its Components on Admission: Are They Valuable Prognostic Tools in Acute Mixed Drug Poisoning?
Authors: Eizadi Mood N. , Sabzghabaee A. M. , Yadegarfar Gh. , Yaraghi A. , Ramazani Chaleshtori M.
Published: March 2011

Introduction. The verbal, eye, and motor components of Glasgow coma scale (GCS) may be influenced by poisoned patients' behavior in an attempted suicide. So, the values of admission GCS and its components for outcomes prediction in mixed drugs poisoning were investigated.Materials and Methods. A followup study data was performed on patients with mixed drugs poisoning. Outcomes were recorded as without complications and with complications. Discrimination was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).Results. There was a significant difference between the mean value of each component of GCS as well as the total GCS between patients with and without complication. Discrimination was best for GCS (AUC:0.933±0.020) and verbal (0.932±0.021), followed by motor (0.911±0.025), then eye (0.89±0.028).Conclusions. Admission GCS and its components seem to be valuable in outcome prediction of patients with mixed drug poisoning.
Comparison of Noninvasive Ventilation by Sequential Use of Mask and Helmet versus Mask in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Antonaglia Vittorio , Ferluga Massimo , Molino Rossella , Lucangelo Umberto , Peratoner Alberto , Roman-Pognuz Erik , De Simoni Loredana , Zin Walter A.
Published: March 2011

Background:Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) using a face mask is the ventilatory mode of choice in selected patients experiencing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A high incidence of intolerance limits the use of this approach. Objective: To evaluate the sequential use of mask and helmet during NPPV in patients with severe exacerbation of COPD in order to reduce the intolerance to these devices. Methods: Fifty-three patients ventilated for the first 2 h with NPPV by mask were studied. If gas exchange and clinical status improved, they were randomized to continue on NPPV by mask or helmet.Physiological parameters were measured at admission, after the first 2 h on NPPV by mask, 4 h after randomization and at discharge. Need for intubation, ventilatory assistance, length of stay (LOS) and complications were recorded. Results: After the first 2 h of NPPV, gas exchange and clinical parameters improved in 40 patients. Four hours after randomization, PaCO2 was lower in the mask group than in the helmet group. Nine patients in the mask group and 2 in the helmet group failed NPPV, 8 and 1, respectively, owing to intolerance. Time of noninvasive ventilation and LOS were lower in the mask than in the helmet group. Conclusions: In patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and undergoing NPPV, the sequential use of a mask and helmet diminished the incidence of failure. Under the present experimental conditions, the use of a helmet increased LOS and the duration of artificial ventilation.
Pulmonary Blastoma with Submandibular, Scrotum and Adrenal Metastases: Case Report
Authors: Syrigos Kostas N. , Katirtzoglou Nikolaos , Ntomi Vasileia , Pierrakou Aikaterini , Chorti Maria , Stratakos Grigorios , Dannos Ioannis , Saif Muhammad W.
Published: March 2011

A 62-year-old patient diagnosed with pulmonary blastoma with submandibular, scrotum and adrenal metastases was admitted to Sotiria General Hospital in Athens. No other such case has been published to date. The patient started receiving chemotherapy, but the scrotum metastasis grew rapidly and erupted. This led to sepsis despite surgical excision of infected and necrotic tissues and intravenous antibiotics. Treatment strategy in pulmonary blastoma should be defined by a multidisciplinary team, and surgical treatment should be considered as quickly as possible when such a tumor is suspected.
Excess Sudden Cardiac Deaths after Short-Term Clarithromycin Administration in the CLARICOR Trial: Why Is This So, and Why Are Statins Protective?
Authors: Winkel Per , Hilden Jørgen , Fischer Hansen Jørgen , Hildebrandt Per , Kastrup Jens , Kolmos Hans Jørn , Kjøller Erik , Jespersen Christian M. , Gluud Christian , Jensen Gorm Boje ,   the CLARICOR Trial Group
Published: March 2011

Objectives: To elucidate potential mechanisms for the clarithromycin-induced excess mortality observed in the CLARICOR trial during 2.6 year follow-up of patients with stable coronary artery disease. Methods: Cox analyses using out-of-hospital death as a proxy for sudden death compared to in-hospital (nonsudden) death. Result: In 100 of 189 (53%) cardiovascular (CV) deaths in which it was possible to examine the question, there was a strong association between place of death and the classification of CV death as sudden or not-sudden. The excess mortality in the clarithromycin group was confined to sudden CV death in patients not on statins at trial entry (HR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.69–4.05, p < 0.0005). Other categories of deaths showed no marked drug-placebo difference. Conclusions: Short-term clarithromycin administration was significantly associated with increased risk of sudden CV death in stable coronary heart disease patients not using statins.
The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygenation on Postradiation Xerostomia and Saliva in Patients with Head and Neck Tumours
Authors: Cankar K. , Finderle Z. , Jan J.
Published: March 2011

The study was designed to evaluate the influence of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy on salivary gland function and the growth of salivary Streptococcus mutans,Lactobacillus and Candida albicans in patients with head and neck tumours who had undergone radiation therapy. Sixteen patients were included, with radiation doses from 58 to 70 Gy. The first examination was performed at baseline before the first HBO therapy (33.7 ± 9 months after radiation therapy), and the second after 20 daily HBO therapies in a hyperbaric chamber at 2.5 ATA (absolute atmospheres), where patients breathed 100% oxygen for 90 min each day. Measurements of salivary flow, buffer capacity, saliva pH and colony density of S. mutans,Lactobacillus and C. albicans in stimulated saliva were conducted, and xerostomia grade was assessed. Salivary flow increased from 0.20 ± 0.1 to 0.39 ± 0.2 ml/min at the end of HBO therapy (p < 0.001). Salivary pH also increased from 6.0 ± 0.2 to 6.5 ± 0.1 (p < 0.05). The colony density decreased from the time at baseline to the end of HBO therapy for S. mutans (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) and the fungus C. albicans (p < 0.05). The xerostomia grade decreased from 2.63 ± 0.2 to 1.94 ± 0.2 after HBO (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in buffer capacity. The increased salivary secretion rate and salivary pH, and decreased S. mutans and Lactobacillus colony density that were observed after HBO therapy may reduce caries progression in those patients.
Chinese Publishing Enterprises' Stock Market Listing Background, Actuality and Prospects
Authors: Jie Xu
Published: March 2011

Financing by listing on the stock market has long been implemented by all kinds of companies from all over the world. By comparison, it is still in the early stage for Chinese publishing enterprises. The article reviews the background and actuality of Chinese publishing enterprises' strategies of being listed on the stock market for financing, and then examines both opportunities and challenges presented by being listed.
Participation in Healthcare: the Views and Experiences of Children and Young People
Authors: Donnelly Mary , Kilkelly Ursula
Published: March 2011

Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child provides for the child's right to be heard and to be involved in decisions made about him/her. Effective implementation of the provision can have a lasting impact on children's lives but it presents challenges, especially in areas like healthcare where the dynamics and pressures of the healthcare setting and the role of parents influence proceedings. Research involving children shows that their experience in this area is mixed, although they have a clear sense of the importance of being listened to about their healthcare and how their treatment can be improved. The similarities between children's opinions on what they want from the healthcare experience and what Article 12 and the Convention generally set out to achieve is reassuring and presents a strong template as to how to strengthen the protection of children's rights in the healthcare setting.
Children's Rights, Paternal Power and Fiduciary Duty: From Roman law to the Supreme Court of Canada
Authors: McGillivray Anne
Published: March 2011

Parental rights originate in patria potestas, the proprietary power of the Roman father, and its incidents of custody, control and corporal punishment. Parental rights as proprietary rights, as rights over another, cannot co-exist with children's rights. What, then, are parental rights in the age of children's rights? This Essay surveys the influence of Roman doctrine on modern law in and through the Supreme Court of Canada. The court acknowledges children's rights, views proprietary rights over children as a thing of the past and recognizes custody as the child's right, not the parent's. Yet the court vitiated the fiduciary standard for parents, limited state parens patriae jurisdiction and upheld two of the three incidents of patria potestas. By making childhood an excuse for avoiding principled rights analysis, conflating adult interests with children's rights and confusing assault with touch, the court upheld the proprietary rights of corporal punishment and control. If parental rights are understood as rights correlative to parental fiduciary duty, and if rights are seen as markers of relationship rather than its antithesis, then the law is rid of archaic notions of parental rights. The way is open to substantive judicial and social engagement with the rights of the child.