bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint MDB Report on Adaptation Finance 2011
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   African Development Bank,   Asian Development Bank,   European Bank for Reconstruction and Development,   European Investment Bank,   International Finance Corporation,   World Bank
Published: March 2024

The international community recognizes the need to join forces to avert dangerous climate change. This requires mobilizing financial resources from a wide range of sources, public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative sources. This makes it increasingly necessary to track and report financial flows that support climate change mitigation and adaptation, to build trust and accountability with regard to climate finance commitments and monitor trends and progress in climate related investment. Yet there is currently no precise internationally definition of climate finance and current efforts to track climate finance lack transparency, comparability and comprehensiveness. This report sets out the joint MDB approach for adaptation finance reporting, developed by a group of MDBs to work towards better tracking of climate finance. It responds to the particular context of the activities that the MDBs carry out in developing and emerging economies and is built on the premise that climate adaptation and sustainable development are closely aligned. A separate report on mitigation finance is being published in parallel to this report. This harmonized methodology has emerged from a process to find commonalities between existing MDB approaches to adaptation finance, each reflecting a different set of sectoral, geographic and investment mandates. The joint approach is also a work in progress aimed at assisting the MDBs, as well as other organizations that might want to follow a similar approach, in gradually converging towards a harmonized approach for the tracking of climate change finance.
Panorama de las Administraciones Públicas: América Latina y el Caribe 2014
Authors:   Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico,   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2024

El principal objetivo de la serie "Panorama de las Administraciones Públicas" consiste en proporcionar datos fiables e internacionalmente comparables sobre las actividades del gobierno y sus resultados en los países miembros de la OCDE. Al ampliar el alcance a otras regiones del mundo, especialmente a América Latina y el Caribe, la publicación permite que los países de la región comparen el desempeño de sus gobiernos, dentro de la región, y en relación con la OCDE. Además, hace posible que los gobiernos sigan la huella de su propio desarrollo y del desarrollo internacional a lo largo del tiempo, y proporciona evidencias sobre la formulación de sus políticas públicas. La publicación pone a disposición por primera vez datos comparativos entre los países latinoamericanos y caribeños y los países miembros de la OCDE, que incluyen algunos de los países más ricos del planeta. Incluye 31 indicadores sobre las finanzas públicas, el tamaño relativo de los gobiernos, los procesos presupuestarios y los sistemas de compras, entre otras. Algunos datos parecen confirmar algunas percepciones públicas, pero otros desafían la incredulidad ciudadana.
Partidos politicos y paridad: Un desafio de la democracia en América Latina
Authors: Llanos Beatriz , Roza Vivian
Published: March 2024

Esta investigación presenta un diagnóstico sobre la situación de las mujeres en el interior de los partidos políticos en América Latina.
La economía del cambio climático en el Perú: Impactos en la infraestructura vial
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
Published: March 2024

Las obras viales son parte de la infraestructura del país y permiten la conectividad entre centros poblados. Estas obras son diseñadas con base a consideraciones económicas que están fundamentalmente referidas al ahorro en tiempo y combustible de los vehículos que circularían por ellas. En este estudio se analizan las proyecciones de los cambios en la probabilidad de ocurrencia de eventos climáticos que pudieran alterar la infraestructura vial.Se analizan carreteras asfaltadas que forman parte de la Red Vial Nacional. El costo por kilómetro se basó en costos finales de construcción de varias carreteras construidas. Se identificó las carreteras y el área geográfica que cubre cada tramo, las cuales fueron Vertiente Occidental, formada por ríos que desembocan en el Océano Pacífico y que cruzan la región Sierra y Costa. Los resultados sugieren que los caudales de baja frecuencia aumentarán significativamente en magnitud, lo que significaría un aumento en la recurrencia de eventos extremos. Sin embargo, los resultados también sugieren que los caudales pudieran disminuir significativamente, lo que significa que disminuirían la ocurrencia de eventos extremos. Se recomienda monitorear las tendencias del clima para identificar los cambios en patrones de precipitación y escorrentía en las cuencas que forman parte del territorio nacional.
Summit of the Americas: The IDB Agenda to Support the Mandates of the Summits of Quebec and Nuevo León: Activities and Strategic Programs
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

During the Hemispheric Summit that took place in Quebec, Canada, in April 2001, the Inter-American Development Bank presented a set of 22 strategic programs intended to contribute to meeting the mandates that stem from the Summits of the Americas and the commitments that are part of the Plan of Action adopted in Quebec. Since then, the IDB has carried out intensive and complex financial and technical activities in the context of those 22 strategic programs. The programs fall into five areas that summarize the mandates adopted by the Heads of State and Government of the Americas, namely: democratic governance and political development; integration and economic development; ecology and sustainable development; equity and human development; and connectivity and technological development. During the Special Summit in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico (January 2004), the IDB presented a report summarizing achievements made since 2001 with respect to the programs presented in Quebec. In addition, the Declaration of Nuevo León establishes new mandates.
Remittances to Latin America and the Caribbean: Annex I (Part 5 of 5)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Source material and background information for an earlier remittances study by various multilateral organizations.
The Relationship Between Insurance and Entrepreneurship in Brazil: Concepts and Basic Data
Authors: Masci Pietro , Barros Weaver Bernardo , Medici André
Published: March 2024

This document presents data related to insurance and entrepreneurship in the states of Brazil over a period of 10 years. The data is accompanied by brief discussions of terms' definitions. They range from the definition of Startup and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs), to the classification of insurance contracts by types of risks.
Linking Remittances to Housing Microfinance
Authors: Bhatia Romi
Published: March 2024

Power Point: Linking Remittances to Housing Microfinance
HGSMEs in Latin American Emerging Economies
Authors: Llisterri Juan J. , García-Alba Jaime
Published: March 2024

Latin American SMEs play a similar role in the economy as other SMEs worldwide, but possess distinctive characteristics to those in OECD countries. However, despite differences in the entrepreneurial environment and the innovation framework in Latin America, most of the best policy practices and lessons learned in industrialized countries can be applied to Latin American countries such as Brazil, Chile and Mexico. This document builds on two main information sources: the survey on Dynamic Entrepreneurs (2002) and the subsequent reports on Entrepreneurship in East Asia and Latin America, on Entrepreneurial Development, and the report on six case studies for high growth SMEs (2007/2008).
Alliances for Development
Authors: Tavis Lee , Jones Audra , Reficco Ezequiel , Hodges Adrian , Majano Ana María , Fischer Rosa María , Heinecke Amy , Berger Gabriel , Pinney Chris , Gutiérrez Roberto , Mendes Errol , Vives Antonio
Published: March 2024

Proceedings on the Conference on CSR, celebrated at Miami
Remittances and Training for Brazilian Migrants and their Beneficiaries in Brazil
Authors:   CAIXA Econômica Federal,   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Power Point: Remittances and Training for Brazilian Migrants and their Beneficiaries in Brazil
Remittances and the Dominican Republic: Survey of Recipients in the Dominican Republic, Survey of Senders in the United States
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Bendixen and Amandi
Published: March 2024

Results and analysis of a poll on remittance recipients in Dominican Republic
The Potential Impact of Remittances on the Regional Economy of LAC
Authors:   Bendixen and Amandi,   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

research on the impact of cash remittances on the developing economies of Latin American and Caribbean countries.
Remittance Recipients in Mexico: A Public Opinion Research Study
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Bendixen and Amandi
Published: March 2024

Results and analysis of a poll on Remittance Recipients in Mexico
The Challenges of the Institutionalization of the Reduction Poverty Policies and Programs: Social Authority, Decentralization and Participation (Planning and Development of Productive and Work Generat
Authors: Lora Marta
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Poverty Reduction and Social Protection Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the VII Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on November 11th and 12th, 2004. The Mixed Institute of Social Aid (IMAS) is a Public Institution, with autonomous institutional status and own legal capacity, founded by means of Law 4760, April 30th, 1971. Its task is to assist and fight the poverty. That is why, according to its attributes included in its creation Law, it is the Director Institution in this field.
Internationally Comparable Poverty Lines
Authors: Kakwani N.
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Poverty Reduction and Social Protection Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the VII Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on November 11th and 12th, 2004. Poverty line specifies the level of income or consumption that is just sufficient to maintain the basic minimum standard of living. A person is poor if his or her income or consumption is less than the poverty line.
Beyond Beneficiaries: The Use of Information Systems for Cost-Effective Evaluation
Authors: Duryea Suzanne
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Poverty Reduction and Social Protection Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the VI Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on December 9th and 10th, 2003. Information systems such as SISBEN, CAS, SIPO were developed to better target beneficiaries (predominantly the poor and at-risk populations). A quantitative score is used as a proxy for poverty and/or the lack of income generating resources within the family. Families scoring below a threshold are eligible to participate in certain programs.
Civil Service Reform in Latin America: Tying Politicians' Hands
Authors: Heredia Blanca
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Public Management and Transparency Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the III Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on November 14th and 15th, 2002. Reform wave triggered by: fiscal duress Electoral competition; market-centered openess; Dominant ideological trends internationally: anti-state, anti-bureaucracy, Managerialism on the rise, Central objectives: cost and size reduction, efficiency enhancement, increased efficacy, responsability and probity.
Trade and Environment in Latin America and the Caribbean Priorities and Challenges
Authors: Borregaard Nicola , Studer Isabel , Blanco Hernán , Jokisch Walter , Marín Rebeca
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this paper is building a platform for analysis and action on these issues in the region.
Valuing the Linkages Between the Shrimp Fishery and Mangroves in Campeche, Mexico: This case will provide an example of market based valuation.
Authors: Anderson Lee G.
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Environment Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the III Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on March 9th and 10th, 2004. There are very productive shrimp stocks in the surrounding gulf waters. They support a large fishery which produces valuable food for national consumption and export. In 1991 it employed 13% of Campeche's total labor force.
Economic Valuation Applied to Air Quality and Pollution Management: Examples of Experiences, Political Implications and Application in a Regional Context.
Authors: Cifuentes Luis A.
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Environment Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the III Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on March 9th and 10th, 2004. Objective: Economic valuation of the Third Program of Air Quality 2000-2010 (PROAIRE). Focused on health benefits associated to reductions of PM10 and Ozone: 4 scenarios against a baseline 1995-99, but considers also social effects of environmental contingencies. Time Horizon: 2000-2010, results shown for 2010 Uses local and international studies to estimate the change in health effects (Many epidemiological studies have been conducted in México City). Uses one US Study to estimate the long-term exposure effects on premature mortality. Uses unit values derived in the US and transferred to México, and Human Capital to value mortality reductions Performed by the Environmental Studies Institute (IVM, The Netherlands) and The National Center for Environmental Health (CENSA) supported by many other institutions.
Advances with the Incorporation of Risk Reduction in Sectorial and Territorial Development, in Education, Training and Participation: Situational Analysis
Authors: Lavell Allan M. , Cardona Omar D.
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Natural Disaster Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the V Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on June 13th and 14th, 2005. Capacidad institucional para la gestion del riesgo de desastres.
Effective Policies to Meet the MDG Agenda in the Caribbean
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This Technical Note was commissioned by the Poverty Reduction and Social Protection Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the Caribbean Subregional Meeting celebrated on February 23rd and 24th, 2006 in Kingston, Jamaica. Effective Policies to Meet the MDG Agenda in the Caribbean
Distance Teaching Strategies to Reduce the Dropout Rate and Improve Learning in Secondary Education
Authors: Block Clifford
Published: March 2024

This paper explores the potential for educational planners to incorporate distance education into their strategies for the expansion of secondary education.
The Political Economy of EU Association Agreements
Authors: Defraigne Pierre
Published: March 2024

This document touches on issues ranging from the EU rationale for FTA, the EU preference for region to region deals, the state of play for the region to region FTA negotiations, the new generation of FTAs, and the FTAs main objectives and provisions.
Implementing the EPA: Opportunities, Challenges and Identification of Priorities
Authors: Aldonas Grant
Published: March 2024

Presentation made during the REGIONAL POLICY DIALOGUE CARIBBEAN SUB-REGIONAL MEETING ON AID FOR TRADE
Case Study: Beira Litoral Alta SCUT - Shadow Toll Motorway
Authors: Antunes Pedro Eiras
Published: March 2024

Presentation delivered during the event "Experiencias de Provisión y Financiamiento de Infraestructura bajo Asociaciones Público Privadas ", held at the Inter-American Development Bank headquarters, Washington D.C. , USA, during December 8-9, 2005. It describes the Portuguese project involving the design, construction/widening, O&M, and financing of 167 Km of motorway and associated infrastructure along the existing East-West IP5 road, connecting the city of Aveiro (Central West Coast) with Vilar Formoso, on the Spanish Border.
How Istanbul has Prepared Itself in Response to the Threat of Earthquakes
Authors: Okay Nilgün
Published: March 2024

This document was presented in the 7th Hemispheric Meeting of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the Natural Disasters Network celebrated on April 23rd and 24th, 2007. As Istanbul is a high-risk megacity, vulnerability for natural disasters such as earthquakes is very high. Risk mitigation is not only a technical issue but mostly a legal and socio-political issue and this presentation discusses lessons learned from the recent disaster of the 1999 Marmara earthquakes. Also, this presentation discusses countermeasures and legislative changes for current and future mitigation activities.
Integrated Water Resources Management: Institutional and Policy Reform: Proceedings
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report summarizes the discussions and presents working group reports and papers presented at the Seminar/Workshop on Integrated Water resources Management: Institutional and Policy Reform held on June 24th-27th, 1997 in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. Based on progress to date, the seminar/workshop sought to promote integrated approaches to water resources management in the Caribbean by: 1) developing a common understanding among the cross-sectoral country team members of the water resources management challenges of the region; 2) sharing relevant water resources management experiences; 3) identifying and discussing priority areas requiring immediate action; and 4) recommending specific steps to address them. The seminar/workshop targeted cross-sectoral country teams and representatives from water and sewerage authorities, ministries of Agriculture, Environment, Health, Planning and Finance from 22 Caribbean countries. Four key areas for action were identified: public awareness and education, institutional coordination, water resources policy and legislation and innovative financing.
Technical Seminar on Water and Poverty for Latin America and the Caribbean: Setting a Research Agenda
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   National Center for the Environment, University of Chile (CENMA)
Published: March 2024

This document is the Final Report prepared by the National Center for the Environment (CENMA) of the University of Chile for the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to comply with number 5. of the Letter of Agreement signed by both institutions to specified the conditions under which the Seminar was carried out and organized jointly by them. The Seminar was held in Santiago, Chile on May 22-23, 2003. This document contains summaries of the working sessions and a discussion of some of the theoretical and empirical issues related to one of the different aspects of the two dimensions of the water-poverty relationship under analysis in the Seminar.
Enhancing Access to Finance in the Caribbean
Authors: Holden Paul , Howell Hunt
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this paper, the fourth chapter in a series of discussion papers on private sector development, is to examine issues that are central to financial market development in the Caribbean region. This report identifies factors that are required for financial markets to function effectively and describes policy options that could be implemented in the Caribbean to make financing more widely available.
Identification of Institutional Factors in Bank Operations: Flexibility v. Early Detection: Case Studies in the Citizen Security and Transparency Sub-Sectors
Authors: Reyero y Aranda María Rosa
Published: March 2024

The study seeks to survey the prevalence of institutional factors posing risks or vulnerabilities to selected Bank operations and the time at, and mechanisms through which these are addressed. As a first study, it focuses on two sub-sectors of the Reform and Modernization of the State sector: Citizen Security and Transparency and Anti-Corruption. The study unfolds in three segments: 1) to identify institutional factors and their impact on sub-sector operations through document review, interviews and other Bank information sources; 2) pointing to existing Bank approaches of addressing institutional factors and suggesting new considerations for their dealing in light of the analysis of survey results, as might be the false dichotomy of early identification v. flexibility; and 3) to cross-check the study's findings on the presence of institutional factors with those yielded by the Matrix of Institutional Factors (MAFI) developed for ICF/ICS, as to assess its effectiveness in factor identification. The main conclusion of the study is that both flexibility and implementation are important elements in project design, at least in the sub-sectors studied.
Regional and Local Locational Policy: What can we Learn from the Ceramics and Textiles/Clothing Clusters of Santa Catarina, Brazil?
Authors: Meyer-Stamer Jörg
Published: March 2024

The presentation gives a brief overview of the most important aspects of adjustment strategies in the ceramic tile cluster in Criciúma and the textiles and clothing cluster in Itajaí Valley, Brazil. It also addresses the question of why industrial district-like structures did not emerge in the past.
The Argentine Matching Grant Program: Results and Lessons Learned
Authors: Cortes Mariluz
Published: March 2024

This presentation discusses the matching grant program started in Argentina in August of 1996. The objective of the program is to help increase the international competitiveness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by facilitating access to, and reducing costs of export related services. This presentation discusses the project results in a preliminary impact assessment as well as lessons learned from the program.
Export Development Services: Do They Work?
Authors: McKean Cressida S.
Published: March 2024

This discussion paper addresses a study undertook a cross-country survey of nearly 300 exporters. The object of the survey was to determine what types of services exporters actually used, which ones had the greatest impact on their export growth, and who provided these services. This presentation was prepared for the Conference "Building A Modern and Effective Business Development Services Industry In Latin America and the Caribbean" held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on March 3rd-5th, 1999.
Large Scale Contracting out of Basic Health Services for the Poor in Guatemala: The SIAS Program: Design, Processes and Results
Authors: La Forgia Jerry
Published: March 2024

This presentation gives an overiew of the SIAS Program from 1997-2001, including: 1) Rationale; 2) Objectives; 3) Design; 4) Performance; 5) Issues and Problems; 6) Political Economy of Change. An appraisal of the health situation Guatemala is also given. This presentation was presented at the IDB-IBRD Joint Conference on the Political Economy of Service Delivery.
Additional Analysis of Nutritional Indicators and Children's Development
Authors: Cueto Santiago
Published: March 2024

This presentation deals with the relationship between malnutrition and behavior patterns. As examples on how nutrition affects human social development it presents a series of crossed indicators such as neonatal iron status and temperament and height and weight as predictors of achievement, grade repetition and dropout in rural Peru. This document was created for the PAHO/IDB Workshop Seminar "On Health, Human Development Potential and the Quality of Life: Towards Biological-Based Index of Human Development Potential for Assessing the Quality of Life" in May, 2007.
Productivity and Human Capital: Missing Incentives and Coalitions
Authors: Schneider Ben Ross
Published: March 2024

This presentation discusses labor markets in Latin America including: 1) Incentives to invest in Human capital; 2) Politics of investment in training and education; 3) Labor regulation.
The Singapore Model of Industrial Policy: Past Evolution and Current Thinking
Authors: Chia Siow Yue
Published: March 2024

This presentation summarizes Singapore's economic performance, and examines the evolving industrial strategy, major policies and performances. Singapore has achieved substantial economic and social progress since political independence in 1965, with one of the highest per capita incomes in Asia. The economic success of Singapore has been used by neoclassical economists to support the role of the market, with minimal price distortions, openness to international trade, investment and technology flows, macroeconomic stability from fiscal and monetary prudence, and high savings and investment. This presentation was presented at the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 2nd Annual Meeting held in Buenos Aires, Argentina on November 28th-29th, 2005.
Cooperation and Provision of Regional Public Goods: The IIRSA Case
Authors: Carciofi Ricardo
Published: March 2024

This presentation discusses the IIRSA Initiative, institutional mechanism for the coordination of intergovernmental actions performed by the twelve South American countries. It covers some descriptive issues and an analysis section. The description features the components of the mechanism: territorial planning, development impact, environmental sustainability, project analysis and implementation, and regulatory issues. The analysis revolves around the hypothesis that the IIRSA cooperation mechanism has been able to keep running and make progress despite the lack of a process of deep integration in South America because benefits derived from participation are higher than costs and because of the ability to maintain a well focused agenda, together with the fact that decision making process is based upon consensus. This presentation was prepared for the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 4th Annual Meeting, held in Lima, Peru, on June 17th, 2008.
Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia and Latin America: Is there a People's Republic of China Effect?
Authors: Iizaka Hitomi , Fung Kwok Chiu , Chantasasawat Busakorn , Siu Alan
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has emerged as the largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the world. Many analysts and government officials in the developing world have increasingly expressed concerns that they are losing competitiveness to PRC. Is PRC diverting FDI from other developing countries? In this paper, the authors explore this important research and policy issue empirically. They focus our studies on East and Southeast Asia as well as Latin America, and control for the standard determinants of their inward direct investment. They then add PRC's inward foreign direct investment as an indicator of the "PRC Effect". Estimation of the coefficient associated with the PRC Effect proxy gives us indications about the existence of the PRC Effect. This paper was prepared for Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s First Annual Meeting held in Beijing, China on December 3rd-4th, 2004.
New Export Activities in Brazil: Comparative Advantage, Policy or Self-Discovery?
Authors: Pinheiro Armando Castelar , Bonelli Regis
Published: March 2024

This paper examines Brazil's export discoveries in aircraft, cell phones and swine meat. All cases confirm the importance of efficiency gains and sunk costs in the expansion of exports and lead to the following conclusions: both economic policy and comparative advantage played important roles in the emergence of new export activities; economies of scale were a crucial determinant of competitiveness; and a well-known brand helped to overcome information asymmetries and facilitate entry into export markets. Exporters concentrated on design, marketing, R&D, and product assembly, making coordination with suppliers an important element in their strategies. Public policy additionally had a strong if sometimes unintended influence. While governments can foster discoveries, especially in the presence of market failures, policy alone cannot produce a successful exporter.
Discussion Note on Public Consultation
Authors: Renshaw Jonathan
Published: March 2024

The aim of this note is to delineate some of the basic principles that should underlie any process of consultation. It is not specifically intended as a guidance note on how consultation should take place in Bank projects, but is rather an attempt to understand what we mean by consultation and to provide a model that could eventually be developed and adapted into a more formal guidance. The note looks at the reasons why consultation should be carried out, what it comprises, who should be involved and when and where it should be done. It also summarizes some basic principles of how consultation can be carried out effectively.
Using Data to Understand Homicides in Trinidad & Tobago
Authors: Miller Joel
Published: March 2024

This document presents statistics and information related to homicides in Trinidad and Tobago. The presentation discusses how to use data from a series of sources -police, newspaper coverage of murders, and interviews with stakeholders (e.g. NGOs, police, government, prisons, probation)- to draw conclusions and craft solutions. This presentation was prepared for the International Inter-American Seminar: "Seguridad y Convivencia Ciudadana: Examinando Experiencias y Desafíos" held in Medellín, Colombia, on September 12th, 2005.
DEO 2010: Main Messages
Authors: Álvarez Carola
Published: March 2024

This presentation discusses the most important findings of the Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) of 2010. The DEO is a reporting instrument of the Development Effectiveness Framework approved in 2008. The main messages are (i) Demonstrating the effectiveness of our work becomes even more relevant given that today the IDB is a larger and more strategically-focused bank. (ii) Our development effectiveness agenda has produced encouraging results. (iii) The Bank's performance shows an upward trend in becoming a results-based organization, as depicted by indicators across all areas of our work.
The Sustainability of Urban Heritage Preservation: The Case of Edinburgh, UK
Authors: Zappino Vincenzo
Published: March 2024

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the Edinburgh World Heritage Site. The working methodology is based on constant interaction with the Edinburgh World Heritage Trust and all other stakeholders of the heritage site.
The Sustainability of Urban Heritage Preservation: The Case of Aleppo
Authors: Spiekermann Meinolf
Published: March 2024

This study examines the state of the old cities of Aleppo in the Syrian Arab Republic, Shibam in Hadramaut/Yemen, and Sibiu (former Hermannstadt) in Romania. It focuses on the strategy of integrated conservation and development that has been adopted in these three areas and provides constructive recommendations for future planning.
Citizen Security: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Serra Hoffman Joan , Abizanda Beatriz , Duryea Suzanne , Marmolejo Lina
Published: March 2024

Given the strong ties linking citizen security and the development of Latin America and the Caribbean, the Bank has been supporting efforts to tackle crime and violence. It has framed its work in citizen security through the establishment of specific guidelines (Operational Guidelines for Program Design and Execution in the Area of Civic Coexistence and Public Safety, GN-2535), which identify the Bank's areas of support, as well as those outside its mandate and those for which it does not have a comparative advantage as a development institution. It has also developed the present Conceptual Framework, to complement the Operational Guidelines, by reviewing a group of concepts to provide focus, rationale, and tools to integrate and interpret information relevant to the citizen security policies and under the spectrum defined by the Guidelines. The Conceptual Framework is intended as a tool to guide the analyses of the sector, drawing from a growing empirical knowledge base of "what works" in crime and violence prevention.
Enhanced Cost Benefit Analysis of IDB Waste Water Treatment Projects with Special Consideration to Environmental Impacts: Lessons Learned from a Review of Four Projects
Authors: Dixon John A.
Published: March 2024

Development projects have a wider set of impacts than just direct project outputs. A hydropower dam, for example, produces electricity but also disrupts river flows and may affect biodiversity and the general aquatic environment. A new port development may affect coastal resources such as mangroves and coral reefs. Coal-fired power plants affect both the local and the global environments through emissions of ash and dust (affecting mostly the local environment) as well as greenhouse gases (affecting the global environment). Sewage and sanitation projects provide new services to consumers but also change the quantity and quality of wastewater released into the environment. An enhanced economic analysis allows this wider range of impacts -both benefits and costs- to be taken into account. This approach follows the IDB's operational directives (OP 703, Directives B.5 and B.9) and is explained in an IDB Technical Note IDB-TN-428 (Dixon, 2012). This paper builds upon existing analyses of four recent IDB projects to apply this approach. The projects selected for this study deal with the water sector and range in monetary value from US$9.5 million (Guyana) to US$246.5 million (Trinidad and Tobago), with Paraguay (US$20 million) and Uruguay (US$118.6 million) in between.
Costa Rica: Preconditions for the Establishment of a Fiscal Rule that includes a Structural Fiscal Balance Component
Authors: Rivas Carlos Gabriel
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses whether the preconditions for implementing a fiscal rule that includes a structural fiscal balance component are met in Costa Rica. It concludes that from the 11 preconditions, the country does not meet one, and three others are fulfilled only partially: Costa Rica needs a tax reform in order to ensure debt sustainability; international reserves should be increased further; public infrastructure requires more investment; and some financial institutions need to be recapitalized to guarantee the soundness of the financial system.
Structural Fiscal Policy in Uruguay: A Proposal
Authors: Le Fort V. Guillermo
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a design and simulation of a structural fiscal policy in Uruguay. The design includes the derivation of a metric for the structural balance that is most adequate for the country and the calculation of a structural fiscal target. This target is associated to a goal for the net worth of the public sector that ensures sustainability of the financial position of the public sector, or at least reduces its historical vulnerabilities. The paper also discusses the current situation in meeting the preconditions for the establishment of a structural fiscal balance target, and makes some recommendations on the policy reforms that appear to be needed to implement a structural fiscal policy in Uruguay.
Guide to Critical Issues for Socio-Cultural Analysis
Authors: Mejía María Clara , Partridge William L.
Published: March 2024

This document focuses on four sectors where socio-cultural analysis is particularly critical for addressing issues of reducing poverty and exclusion. In the case of major infrastructure projects, the primary concern is to minimize or mitigate their impacts on local communities. For projects in the areas of urban and rural development, the aim is to both minimize impacts and to ensure access to project benefits by poor and excluded groups. The primary challenge for social projects is to ensure maximum benefits to target groups and their sustainability over the long term.
Innovations in Public Service Delivery: Issue No 01: Can 311 Call Centers Improve Service Delivery? Lessons from New York and Chicago
Authors: Wiseman Jane
Published: March 2024

This paper is the first of the IDB's "Innovations in Public Service Delivery" series, which identifies and analyzes innovative experiences of promising practices in Latin America and the Caribbean and around the world to improve the quality and delivery of public services. It presents the 311 Programs in New York City and Chicago, leading 311 centers in the United States. "311" is the universal toll-free number that provides citizens with a single point of entry to a wide array of information and services in major cities. In the cities studied, these centers have evolved to support new models of service delivery management. This publication provides an overview of these programs, analyzing their design and implementation, results, and impacts, and identifying their success factors. The final section consolidates the lessons learned from these experiences, highlighting what policymakers and public officials should consider when developing similar solutions.
Innovations in Public Service Delivery: Issue No. 5: Improving Service Delivery through Information Integration: Building a Single View of the Citizen
Authors: Wiseman Jane
Published: March 2024

So much of our daily business can be done with a swipe or a mouse click. Citizens have come to expect and rely on a certain amount of convenience in their daily lives as technology evolves to suit real-time individualized experiences of the marketplace. Those same expectations of ease of use and customized experience transfer to the citizen experience of government. In general, government is not moving as quickly as the private sector to embrace technology trends. Yet, there are promising examples of digital government where the citizen is at the center of the process. Embracing these emerging technologies helps us move toward a more digital government, forging a new relationship between government and citizen. This paper describes the successes and challenges of governments in organizing systems around citizen needs, with the goal of achieving a "single view of the citizen." It focuses on public-facing systems and those that handle transactions in the service of citizen needs, rather than internal sharing of information for transactional purposes. Implementation recommendations draw on successful case examples. While there is much room for improvement, this paper makes the case that creating citizen-oriented systems in government is a worthwhile and achievable aspiration.
Crime and Durable Goods
Authors: Galiani Sebastián , Jaitman Laura , Weinschelbaum Federico
Published: March 2024

Crime and the durability of goods are strongly connected issues. However, surprisingly, they have been studied separately. This paper explores the relationship between the production of durable goods and crime from a theoretical perspective and draws important conclusions for both topics. Crime affects the consumer and producer surplus and thus the behavior of consumers, firms, the market equilibrium, and, in turn, the social optimum. Lower durability of goods reduces the incentive to steal those goods, thus reducing crime. When crime is included in the standard framework of durable goods, the socially optimal durability level is lower. Even without considering the negative non-market externalities of crime, perfect competition does not provide the optimal durability level. When considering different stealing technologies, perfect competition either over-produces durability or produces zero (minimum) durability. The monopolist under-produces durability regardless of the stealing technology considered. If all the crime externalities are taken into account, the socially optimal durability level is reduced further and gets closer to that which prevails under monopoly. The model has a clear policy implication: the durability of goods, and the market structure for those goods, can be an effective instrument to reduce crime. In particular, making the durability of a good contingent upon that good being stolen is likely to increase welfare.
La inserción laboral del capital humano en ciencia y tecnología (RHCT)
Authors: Cruz Castro Laura
Published: March 2024

Este documento presenta los principales retos relacionados con la inserción del capital humano en ciencia y tecnología en el sector público y privado.
Encuentro de ideas para el desarrollo del mercado de vivienda: Bancolombia
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Bancolombia
Published: March 2024

Presentation at the MIF workshop on Inclusive Housing Markets.
Bancarizando a las PYMEs alrededor del mundo: Determinantes, obstáculos, modelos de negocios y prácticas de financiamiento
Authors: Demirgüç-Kunt Asli , Martínez María Soledad , Beck Thorsten
Published: March 2024

Presentación sobre la bancarización de las Pymes, la cual pretende examinar los factores impulsando e impidiendo el financiamiento a las PYMEs, conocer los modelos de negocios que utilizan los bancos para relacionarse con las PYMEs y caracterizar el grado, tipo y el precio del financiamiento a las PYMEs, para compararlo con el financiamiento a las grandes empresas y contrastar los datos para países en desarrollo con los de economías desarrolladas.
Éxito exportador, innovación e impacto social: Un estudio exploratorio de PYMES exportadoras latinoamericanas
Authors: Milesi Darío , Aggio Carlos
Published: March 2024

El documento analiza las relaciones que existen entre éxito exportador, innovación e impacto social a partir de una encuesta a 356 PYMES de Argentina, Chile, Colombia y Costa Rica.
Peruanos y ecuatorianos en España e Italia y los retos del codesarrollo
Authors: Tamagno Carla
Published: March 2024

Analisis de las remesas de emigrantes peruanos y argentinos en Italia. (Aspectos demográficos y sociológicos). Y estudio de factibilidad para la construcción de un programa de canalización y valorización de remesas de los migrantes peruanos en Italia
Panamá: Estudio sobre rendimiento, limitaciones y mejoras a las finanzas municipales
Authors: Zapata Juan Gonzalo
Published: March 2024

Recientemente se aprobó en Panamá una Ley de Descentralización (Ley No. 37 de junio de 2009), en la cual se establece que, en cuestión de pocos meses, se deben entregar nuevas fuentes de recursos y funciones a estos gobiernos. Además de modificar las funciones y distribución actual de recursos en los distintos niveles de gobierno, esta Ley establece también una serie de mecanismos de planeación y elaboración de presupuestos al interior de los municipios y distritos de obligatorio cumplimiento, tocando adicionalmente aspectos como el organigrama interno de entidades pertenecientes a los gobiernos locales y sus funciones. Este documento analiza el proceso de descentralización de la gestión pública en Panamá y Ley 37 de 200; las obligaciones tributarias municipales e impuesto sobre la propiedad de bienes inmuebles; las finanzas municipales en Panamá; y el desarrollo de la gestión local en Panamá.
Panamá: Comentarios de la licenciada Anayansi Guerra a la presentación de Juan Gonzalo Zapata
Authors: Guerra Anayansi
Published: March 2024

Este documento analiza el proceso de descentralización de la administración pública en Panamá. La nación panameña está organizada en Estado soberano e independiente cuya denominación es Republica de Panamá. También discute en breve base tributaria de los ingresos municipales en Panamá y consideraciones sobre las finanzas municipales en Panamá.
El fomento al emprendimiento dinámico en países del Cono Sur de América Latina: Análisis de experiencias y lecciones de política
Authors: Rivas Gonzalo
Published: March 2024

Diversos países de América Latina y el Caribe se encuentran impulsando políticas de estímulo al emprendimiento dinámico. A partir de la revisión de iniciativas desarrolladas en Brasil, Chile y Uruguay, que otorgan apoyo en las distintas fases de evolución de los emprendimientos, se extraen lecciones tentativas tanto sobre la pertinencia de las distintas intervenciones como sobre el diseño de las mismas. El bajo impacto que hasta el momento han tenido las intervenciones públicas en este plano llama a interrogarse sobre la pertinencia de estas políticas para los países de la región y sobre el orden en que debieran ponerse en práctica las distintas intervenciones. En particular, se pone de manifiesto que en condiciones de baja intensidad de la actividad de innovación el desarrollo de fondos de capital de riesgo, que apoyen empresas en fases tempranas, se enfrenta a severas dificultades por la ausencia de un flujo de proyectos suficientemente atractivos. La sustitución de la iniciativa privada en el financiamiento inicial de empresas, que se ha ensayado en algunos casos, se encuentra, a su vez, con otras dificultades, particularmente relacionadas con la calidad de la selección de los proyectos a apoyar. En todo caso, la principal conclusión es que la escasez de estudios sobre el impacto de los programas implementados en los países de la región hace muy complejo poder determinar si los magros resultados se explican por un proceso natural de aprendizaje de parte de los actores, por problemas en el diseño de los instrumentos aplicados o por condiciones estructurales.
El costo de uso de los sistemas de propiedad intelectual para pequeñas empresas innovadoras: El caso de Chile, Colombia y México
Authors: De León Ignacio L. , Fernandez Donoso Jose
Published: March 2024

Este informe examina la percepción que tienen pequeñas empresas innovadoras (PEI) en Chile, Colombia y México sobre la efectividad de los sistemas legales de protección de la propiedad intelectual. El estudio evidencia que para la mayoría de las PEI los costos asociados con el registro de su propiedad intelectual (incluido el pago de honorarios a los abogados) son menores y no comportan un obstáculo para realizar solicitudes de registro de patentes y otros derechos de propiedad intelectual (DPI) susceptibles de registro; incluso en muchos casos, ni siquiera utilizan servicios legales especializados para registrar la propiedad intelectual. No obstante, pese a las variaciones de desempeño entre Chile, México y Colombia, las PEI encuestadas consideran necesario contar con un sistema de protección eficaz de la propiedad intelectual. Sin embargo, las respuestas obtenidas de las empresas encuestadas ponen de manifiesto conceptos equivocados y percepciones erróneas sobre los costos de uso y el funcionamiento en general de los DPI. Esto sugiere que existe una disonancia cognitiva por parte de los innovadores, gran parte de los cuales simplemente no considera los DPI dentro de su estrategia de protección de la propiedad intelectual. La problemática esbozada sugiere la necesidad de aplicar políticas orientadas a procurar que haya entre los innovadores una mayor percepción sobre la conveniencia de utilizar estratégicamente sus DPI mediante el registro legal cuando ello permita hacer más fácilmente transables estos derechos.
Panorama de las finanzas municipales en América Central
Authors: Eguino Huáscar , Porto Alberto , Rosales Walter
Published: March 2024

Este estudio presenta la situación actual de la descentralización fiscal y las finanzas municipales en América Central. Su objetivo es contribuir a cerrar una importante brecha de información y conocimiento que no ha sido abordada en otros estudios. El estudio se basa en información desagregada a nivel municipal para seis países de América Central (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua y Panamá) y presenta comparaciones que pueden ser de utilidad para los responsables del diseño de políticas de descentralización fiscal y finanzas municipales. Adicionalmente, en los anexos se incluye información detallada para cada uno de los países, presentándola bajo criterios homogéneos para facilitar su comparación. La metodología y los contenidos de este estudio siguen las mismas pautas de una investigación previa “Estudio de las características estructurales del sector municipal en América Latina” (Eguino et al., 2010) elaborado por los mismos autores. Los datos usados en esta investigación provienen de la Plataforma de Información Fiscal Subnacional del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID).