bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Interactive Data Visualization
Authors: Brigdan Matthew , Hill Michael D. , Jagdev Abhijeet , Kamal Noreen
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—

The ESCAPE (Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Anterior Circulation Proximal Occlusion With Emphasis on Minimizing CT to Recanalization Times) randomized clinical trial collected a large diverse data set. However, it is difficult to fully understand the effects of the study on certain patient groups and disease progression. We developed and evaluated an interactive visualization of the ESCAPE trial data.

Methods—

We iteratively designed an interactive visualization using Python’s Bokeh software library. The design was evaluated through a user study, which quantitatively evaluated its efficiency and accuracy against traditional modified Rankin Scalegraphic. Qualitative feedback was also evaluated.

Results—

The novel interactive visualization of the ESCAPE data are publicly available at
http://escapevisualization.herokuapp.com/
. There was no difference in the efficiency and accuracy when comparing the use of the novel with the traditional visualization. However, users preferred the novel visualization because it allowed for greater exploration. Some insights obtained through exploration of the ESCAPE data are presented.

Conclusions—

Novel interactive visualizations can be applied to acute stroke trial data to allow for greater exploration of the results.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01778335.
Autonomic Dysfunction Predicts Clinical Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Xiong Li , Tian Ge , Leung Howan , Soo Yannie O.Y. , Chen Xiangyan , Ip Vincent H.L. , Mok Vincent C.T. , Chu Winnie C.W. , Wong Ka Sing , Leung Thomas W.H.
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—

Central autonomic dysfunction increases stroke morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate whether poststroke autonomic dysfunction graded by Ewing battery can predict clinical outcome.

Methods—

In this prospective observational study, we assessed autonomic function of ischemic stroke patients within 7 days from symptom onset by Ewing battery. On the basis of the magnitude of autonomic dysfunction, we stratified patients into significant (definite, severe, or atypical) or minor (normal or early) autonomic function impairment groups and correlated the impairment with the 3-month modified Rankin Scale score (good outcome: modified Rankin Scale score 0≈2; poor outcome: modified Rankin Scale score 3≈6).

Results—

Among the 150 patients enrolled (mean age, 66.4±9.9 years; 70.7% males), minor autonomic dysfunction was identified in 36 patients (24.0%), and significant autonomic dysfunction was identified in 114 patients (76.0%) based on Ewing battery. In 3 months, a poor functional outcome was found in 32.5% of significant group patients compared with 13.9% in the minor group (
P
=0.031). Crude odds ratios of the magnitude of autonomic dysfunction and 3-month unfavorable functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke were 2.979 (95% confidence interval, 1.071–8.284;
P
=0.036). After adjusting for confounding variables with statistical significance between the 2 functional outcome subgroups identified in univariate analysis (including sex and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission), the magnitude of autonomic dysfunction still independently predicted an unfavorable outcome, with an odds ratio of 3.263 (95% confidence interval, 1.141–9.335;
P
=0.027).

Conclusions—

Autonomic dysfunction gauged by Ewing battery predicts poor functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke.
The vespid fauna of Pakistan
Authors: RAFI MUHAMMAD ATHER , CARPENTER JAMES M. , QASIM MUHAMMAD , SHEHZAD ANJUM , ZIA AHMED , KHAN MUHAMMAD RAFIQUE , MASTOI MUHAMMAD ISHAQUE , NAZ FALAK , ILYAS MUHAMMAD , SHAH MAZAFAR , BHATTI ABDUL RAUF
Published: December 2017

This study provides the first annotated check list of the Vespidae of Pakistan. It is based on the National Insect Museum collection and various studies in Pakistan. Among 105 identified taxa, 77 species and 28 subspecies are recorded in the four subfamilies Eumeninae, Masarinae, Polistinae and Vespinae. Three new records for the fauna of Pakistan are added, namely Anterhynchium mellyi, Antepipona ovalis and Eumenes coronatus coronatus. Among the total, 12 species/subspecies are endemic to Pakistan, namely Ancistrocerus pakistanus, Antepipona luteipes, Antodynerus flavescens karachiensis, Celonites nursei, Cyrtolabulus karachiensis, Eustenancistrocerus (Parastenancistrocerus) baluchistanensis, Katamenes dimidiatus watsoni, Knemodynerus lahorensis, Leptochilus (Neoleptochilus) hina, Leptochilus (Neoleptochilus) mirificus, Leptochilus (Neoleptochilus) umerolatus and Tachyancistrocerus pakistanus. Antepipona varentzowi (Morawitz, 1896) and Polistes rothneyi quatei van der Vecht, 1968 were incorrectly reported from Pakistan.
Description of a new species of Bothynus Hope from Argentina and Bolivia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)
Authors: HARDY MARTIN
Published: December 2017

A new species of Bothynus Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) is described from the eastern Andes in South America. The new species is unique in the genus for having the elytra and part of the pronotum covered with small setae.
On the argument-adjunct distinction in the Polish “Semantic Syntax” tradition
Authors: Przepiórkowski Adam
Published: December 2017

On the argument-adjunct distinction in the Polish Semantic Syntax traditionThe aim of this paper is to examine the understanding of the Argument-Adjunct Distinction within the Polish Semantic Syntax (SS) tradition, associated with the name of Stanisław Karolak and presented in the nominally syntactic volume of the Grammar of contemporary Polish (Pol. Gramatyka współczesnego języka polskiego; Topolińska, 1984), especially in Karolak (1984) and Grochowski (1984), as well as in later work. Section 1 reviews the three approaches to determining the number and kind of arguments of a given predicate, as discussed in Karolak (1984), concentrating on the one that is endorsed there. Then, Sections 2–3 show that the key notions used in this approach have not been – and probably cannot be – made operational. Moreover, Section 4 briefly reviews some more recent Semantic Syntax work and shows that this lack of operational AAD in Karolak (1984) extends to the SS programme at large. Finally, Section 5 concludes that this deficiency, while common in linguistic theories, is particularly troublesome in the case of SS, which is founded on the notion of predicate-argument structure. O rozróżnieniu argumentów od modyfikatorów w polskiej tradycji „składni semantycznej”Artykuł poświęcony jest kwestii fundamentalnej dla szkoły „składni semantycznej” (kojarzonej przede wszystkim z nazwiskiem Stanisława Karolaka), a mianowicie kwestii odróżniania argumentów od modyfikatorów. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że w tradycji „składni semantycznej” nie została zaproponowana operacyjna procedura odróżnienia argumentów od modyfikatorów, choć istnienie takiej procedury wydaje się warunkiem koniecznym dla wyodrębnienia struktury predykatowo-argumentowej, głównego celu wielu prac zakorzenionych w tej tradycji.
Mapping wordnets from the perspective of inter-lingual equivalence
Authors: Rudnicka Ewa Katarzyna , Piasecki Maciej Tomasz , Piotrowski Tadeusz , Grabowski Łukasz , Bond Francis
Published: December 2017

Mapping wordnets from the perspective of inter-lingual equivalenceThis paper explores inter-lingual equivalence from the perspective of linking two large lexico-semantic databases, namely the Princeton WordNet of English and the plWordnet (pl. Słowosieć) of Polish. Wordnets are built as networks of lexico-semantic relations between words and their meanings, and constitute a type of monolingual dictionary cum thesaurus. The development of wordnets for different languages has given rise to many wordnet linking projects (e.g. EuroWordNet, Vossen, 2002). Regardless of a linking method used, these projects require defining rules for establishing equivalence links between wordnet building blocks, known as synsets (sets of synonymous lexical units, i.e., lemma-sense pairs). In this paper an analysis is carried out of a set of inter-wordnet relations used in the mapping of the plWordNet onto the Princeton WordNet, and an attempt is made to relate them to equivalence taxonomies described in specialist literature on bilingual lexicography and translation. Rzutowanie wordnetów w perspektywie ekwiwalencji międzyjęzykowejArtykuł przedstawia analizę zjawiska ekwiwalencji międzyjęzykowej z perspektywy powiązania dwóch wielkich wordnetów: polskiej Słowosieci i angielskiego WordNetu princetońskiego. Wordnety są relacyjnymi bazami danych leksykalno-semantycznych opisującymi sieć relacji leksykalno-semantycznych pomiędzy słowami i ich znaczeniami. Stanowią zatem rodzaj słownika jednojęzycznego połączonego z tezaurusem. Rozwój wordnetów dla wielu języków świata zaowocował następnie ich wzajemnymi powiązaniami. Wymagało to zdefiniowania metodologii dla ustalenia ekwiwalencji pomiędzy ich podstawowymi elementami tzn. synsetami, które są zbiorami synonimicznych jednostek leksykalnych tzn. par lemat numer znaczenia. W artykule analizujemy zbiór relacji międzywordnetowych używanych w rzutowaniu pomiędzy Słowosiecią a WordNetem princetońskim, odnosząc je do taksonomii ekwiwalencji postulowanych w literaturze leksykograficznej i translatorycznej.
Testing word embeddings for Polish
Authors: Mykowiecka Agnieszka , Marciniak Małgorzata , Rychlik Piotr
Published: December 2017

Testing word embeddings for PolishDistributional Semantics postulates the representation of word meaning in the form of numeric vectors which represent words which occur in context in large text data. This paper addresses the problem of constructing such models for the Polish language. The paper compares the effectiveness of models based on lemmas and forms created with Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW) and skip-gram approaches based on different Polish corpora. For the purposes of this comparison, the results of two typical tasks solved with the help of distributional semantics, i.e. synonymy and analogy recognition, are compared. The results show that it is not possible to identify one universal approach to vector creation applicable to various tasks. The most important feature is the quality and size of the data, but different strategy choices can also lead to significantly different results. Testowanie wektorowych reprezentacji dystrybucyjnych słów języka polskiegoSemantyka dystrybucyjna opiera się na założeniu, że znaczenie słów wyrażone jest za pomocą wektorów reprezentujących, w sposób bezpośredni bądź pośredni, konteksty, w jakich słowo to jest używane w dużym zbiorze tekstów. Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy ewaluacji wielu takich modeli skonstruowanych dla języka polskiego. W pracy porównano skuteczność modeli opartych na lematach i formach słów, utworzonych przy wykorzystaniu sieci neuronowych na danych z dwóch różnych korpusów języka polskiego. Ewaluacji dokonano na podstawie wyników dwóch typowych zadań rozwiązywanych za pomocą metod semantyki dystrybucyjnej, tzn. rozpoznania występowania synonimii i analogii między konkretnymi parami słów. Uzyskane wyniki dowodzą, że nie można wskazać jednego uniwersalnego podejścia do tworzenia modeli dystrybucyjnych, gdyż ich skuteczność jest różna w zależności od zastosowania. Najważniejszą cechą wpływającą na jakość modelu jest jakość oraz rozmiar danych, ale wybory różnych strategii uczenia sieci mogą również prowadzić do istotnie odmiennych wyników.
A Pragmatic Approach to Build a Reduced Regional Climate Projection Ensemble for Germany Using the EURO-CORDEX 8.5 Ensemble
Authors: Dalelane C. , Früh B. , Steger C. , Walter A.
Published: December 2017

The application of an ensemble reduction technique to the European branch of the World Climate Research Program Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (EURO-CORDEX) ensemble at resolution “EUR-11” (~12.5 km) under the RCP8.5 scenario is presented. The technique is based on monthly mean changes between a reference and two future time periods, calculated for eight regions in Germany, of the parameters near-surface air temperature (tas), precipitation totals (pr), contribution of precipitation from very wet days to precipitation totals (R95pTOT), near-surface specific humidity (huss), and surface downwelling shortwave radiation (rsds). The sensitivity of the reduction procedure with respect to a number of tuning parameters is investigated. When the optimal combination of tuning parameters is applied, the technique allows the reduction from 15 to 7 ensemble members, while the reduced ensemble reproduces about 94% of the spread of the full ensemble. Keeping in mind that climate projection ensembles are expected to grow substantially in the near future, this ensemble reduction technique can be useful to limit the computational efforts necessary for further processing and applications such as impact modeling.
The Simulated Impact of the Snow Albedo Feedback on the Large-Scale Mountain–Plain Circulation East of the Colorado Rocky Mountains
Authors: Letcher Theodore W. , Minder Justin R.
Published: December 2017

The Front Range mountain–plain circulation (FRMC) is a large-scale diurnally driven wind system that occurs east of the Colorado Rocky Mountains in the United States and affects the weather both in the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains. As the climate warms, the snow albedo feedback will amplify the warming response in the Rocky Mountains during the spring, increasing the thermal contrast that drives the FRMC. In this study, the authors perform a 7-yr pseudo–global warming (PGW) regional climate change experiment along with an idealized PGW “fixed albedo” experiment to test the sensitivity of the FRMC to the snow albedo feedback (SAF). The authors find a mean increase in the springtime FRMC strength in the PGW experiment that is primarily driven by the snow albedo feedback. Furthermore, interannual variability of changes in FRMC strength is strongly influenced by interannual variability in the SAF. An additional case study experiment configured with a much higher resolution is performed to examine the finescale details of how the SAF and the FRMC interact. This experiment includes a passive tracer to investigate subsequent impacts on pollution transport. The case study reveals that loss of snow cover causes an increase in the strength of the FRMC. Advection by the strengthened FRMC increases the concentration of tracers emitted over the Great Plains in the boundary layer over the Front Range mountains.
Ending Storm Version of the 7-day Weighted Analog Intensity Prediction Technique for Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Tsai Hsiao-Chung , Elsberry Russell L.
Published: December 2017

The weighted analog intensity prediction technique for western North Pacific (WAIP) tropical cyclones (TCs) was the first guidance product for 7-day intensity forecasts, which is skillful in the sense that the 7-day errors are about the same as the 5-day errors. Independent tests of this WAIP version revealed an increasingly large intensity overforecast bias as the forecast interval was extended from 5 to 7 days, which was associated with “ending storms” due to landfall, extratropical transition, or to delayed development. Thus, the 7-day WAIP has been modified to separately forecast ending and nonending storms within the 7-day forecast interval. The additional ending storm constraint in the selection of the 10 best historical analogs is that the intensity at the last matching point with the target TC track cannot exceed 50 kt (where 1 kt = 0.51 m s−1). A separate intensity bias correction calculated for the ending storm training set reduces the mean biases to near-zero values and thereby improves the mean absolute errors in the 5–7-day forecast interval for the independent set. A separate calibration of the intensity spreads for the training set to ensure that 68% of the verifying intensities will be within the 12-h WAIP intensity spread values results in smaller spreads (or higher confidence) for ending storms in the 5–7-day forecast intervals. Thus, some extra effort by the forecasters to identify ending storm events within 7 days will allow improved intensity and intensity spread forecast guidance.
Laboratory Investigation of Active Filters
Authors: Ball R.
Published: December 2017

Laboratory investigation of active filters

This paper describes a laboratory experiment designed for second year undergraduates. The investigation uses an interactive computer programme for filter design and the students make measurements for comparison with the theoretical responses.
Social work and food security: Case study on the nutritional capabilities of the landfill waste pickers in South Africa
Authors: Schenck Catherina J , Blaauw Phillip F , Viljoen Jacoba MM , Swart Elizabeth C
Published: December 2017

Food security (or the lack of it) has a direct impact on people’s well-being and is of great concern to many disciplines. The study on which the article is based used Drèze and Sen’s ‘nutritional capability’ concept as a theoretical framework to explain the food (in)security of landfill waste pickers. A cross-sectional research approach was followed, coupled with a triangulation mixed method research design. Viewing the waste pickers against the nutritional capability framework highlighted the important role that social work should play in focusing on people’s capabilities within their particular context.
Micromechanical modeling of anisotropic water diffusion in glass fiber epoxy reinforced composites
Authors: Gagani Abedin , Fan Yiming , Muliana Anastasia H , Echtermeyer Andreas T
Published: December 2017

Fluid diffusion in fiber reinforced composites is typically anisotropic. Diffusivity in the fiber direction is faster than in the transverse direction. The reason for this behavior is not yet fully understood. In this work, dealing with glass fiber epoxy composite immersed in distilled water, an experimental procedure for determination of anisotropic diffusion constants from a laminate is presented. The method has the advantage that it does not require sealing of the samples edges because 3-D anisotropic diffusion theory is implemented for obtaining the diffusion constants. A microscale model is presented, where matrix and fiber bundles are modeled separately. The matrix properties have been obtained experimentally and the fiber bundle properties have been deduced by the composite homogenized diffusivity model. The analysis indicates that the anisotropic diffusion of the composite is due to inherent anisotropic properties of the fiber bundles.
ESL Writers Discuss Plagiarism: The Social Construction of Ideologies
Authors: Evans Faun Bernbach , Youmans Madeleine
Published: December 2017

This paper has evolved out of six years of continuous research into issues of plagiarism among ESL writers. The current study explores group discussions among ESL students and teachers, demonstrating that, through interaction with more experienced peers and instructors, students can negotiate and co-construct their notions of plagiarism by working in their zones of proximal development (Vygotsky 1978). We conclude that such socially situated discourse is necessary for students to grasp and reach generally agreed-upon definitions of, and beliefs and attitudes toward, such complex academic issues as plagiarism.
The Principal's Role in Creating Inclusive Schools for Diverse Students: A Review of Normative, Empirical, and Critical Literature on the Practice of Educational Administration
Authors: Riehl Carolyn J.
Published: December 2017

Public schools in the United States are serving a more heterogeneous student population now than ever before. Drawing on normative, empirical, and critical literatures, this review explores the role of school administrators in responding to the needs of diverse students. Three administrative tasks highlighted: fostering new meanings about diversity, promoting inclusive school cultures and instructional programs, and building relationships between schools and communities. Administrative work that accomplishes these tasks can be thought of as a form of practice, with moral, epistemological, constitutive, and discursive dimensions. Inclusive administrative practice is rooted in values of equity and social justice; it requires administrators to bring their full subjectivities to bear on their practice, and it implicates language as a key mechanism for both oppression and transformation.
The Influence of the Pedagogical Content Knowledge Framework on Research in Mathematics Education: A Review across Grade Bands
Authors: Matthews Mary Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

This literature review examines the models, theories, and research in mathematics education that are informed by Shulman's (1986) construct, Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). The application of the concept differs in nature and volume across the levels of schooling. The research that is reported includes substantial work at the elementary level, fewer studies conducted at the secondary level, and finally, a limited but increasing number of studies at the university level where future teachers are prepared. Even with the differences in volume across grade bands, a significant use of PCK is evident in the literature on mathematics education.
History from K-4: What Can We Really Do?
Authors: Klee Mary Beth
Published: December 2017

The short answer is “quite a bit.” In this article, the author makes the case for a K-4 history program that is ambitious in scope while varied and energetic in style. She argues that in the past educators have underestimated the interests and abilities of young children. She maintains that history is the riveting story of the human past, and that no one loves a good story more than a young child. The article is both theoretical and practical. Analyzing the Massachusetts History and Social Curriculum Framework as well as the Core Knowledge Sequence, as they apply to elementary instruction, the author delineates the scope of a good K–4 program and describes and evaluates principles and methods of teaching history to young children.
Educational Equity in Tanzania: The Imperiled Promise of Reform
Authors: Ishengoma Johnson M. , Youngman Deborah J.
Published: December 2017

As Sub-Saharan African nations struggle to create viable infrastructure adequate to the needs of their complex, polyethnic societies, it has been widely recognized that general well-being in the postindependence era relies primarily on equal access to education, as differentially defined. Profiled here is the recent history of the United Republic of Tanzania's efforts to educate its people. Ideological intent, theoretical merits, and practical limitations of applied strategies, including current controversial reforms endorsed by extranational organizations, are discussed.
A Co-Teaching Model for Literacy Education
Authors: Indrisano Roselmina , Birmingham Nancy , Garnick Sheila , Maresco Denise Keefe
Published: December 2017

In 1989, Boston University and the Chelsea, Massachusetts, Public Schools formed a partnership to join the resources of a large urban university with those of a small urban school district. The partnership was created when officials from Chelsea invited Boston University President John Silber to enter into a ten-year agreement to assist the school system in providing high-quality education for all students. In 1994, this multifaceted project was the topic of an issue of this journal, edited by Professors Indrisano and Jeanne Paratore, a reference for the reader who is interested in learning about the partnership and its effect on teaching and learning in Chelsea.

This article begins with an introduction to the Chelsea Public Schools and the partnership. The second section describes the collaborative efforts of university faculty (Roselmina Indrisano) and school faculty (Nancy Birmingham, Sheila Garnick, and Denise Keefe Maresco) that resulted in a co-teaching model designed to eliminate the separation between classroom instruction and Title I services. In the third part, the classroom teacher (Denise Keefe Maresco) and the Title I teacher (Nancy Birmingham) describe the way the co-teaching model is implemented in one first grade classroom. Lastly, the Title I director (Sheila Garnick) describes the ways in which she assisted other teachers in implementing a model for literacy instruction and assessment in their classrooms.
Electronic Technology and the Future of Social Studies in Elementary and Secondary Schools,
Authors: Shaver James P.
Published: December 2017

What is the future of social studies education in schools in the electronic age of knowledge and distributed intelligence? Research on instructional technology suggests that thoughtful curriculum development and careful instructional design are more likely to enhance learning than the particular delivery medium used. Lack of teacher time and training and lack of money are among the many impediments to improved use of technology in social studies classrooms. If our experience with other technologies in the classroom is any guide, the effects of electronic technology will be minimal. Schools and social studies instruction will continue much as they have for decades.
A social force evacuation model considering the effect of emergency signs
Authors: Yuan Zhilu , Jia Hongfei , Zhang Linfeng , Bian Lei
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we investigate the effect of emergency signs on evacuation dynamics under smoke conditions. We assume that in a smoky hall the visual field of pedestrians is limited to a certain range, and they do not know the exact location of the exit. In this kind of evacuation process, we analyze the influence of emergency signs on movement direction and speed, and the herd behavior of pedestrians. In the analysis, we divide the emergency signs into two types: the wall signs (WS) and the ground signs (GS). Then, we analyze the variation of pedestrian behavior when they encounter the WS, the GS, and the exit in the evacuation process. Combined with the analysis results, we build our improved model based on the social force model. In the simulation, we study the evacuation process in the case of WS and GS. According to the result of the simulation, we consider that the effect of the emergency signs on herd behavior and the desired speed is an important factor to improve evacuation efficiency. We find that, from the perspective of evacuation time, the evacuation in the case of WS is more efficient, but from the perspective of the interaction between pedestrians, the evacuation in the case of GS presents less security risk. Finally, we explore how to design a mixed layout scheme of WS and GS.
Two Functions of Peer Influence on Upper-secondary Education Application Behavior
Authors: Rosenqvist Erik
Published: December 2017

Peers have a paradoxical influence on each other’s educational decisions. On one hand, students are prone to conform to each other’s ambitious educational decisions and, on the other hand, are discouraged from ambitious decisions when surrounded by successful peers. In this study I examine how peers influence each other’s decision to apply to an academic track in upper-secondary education through these two functions of peer influence. The results show that students are more likely to conform to their in-group peers. However, discouraging effects are structured differently, whereby expectations about self- and peer achievement seem to be a mediating factor. This suggests that the point of reference varies with the mechanism mediating interpersonal influence together with characteristics of both peers and egos. The analysis benefits from rich population registers covering 13 full cohorts of Swedish students, facilitating controls for several sources of endogeneity, such as unobserved time-constant school and family effects.
Voice Alternation and Authorial Presence: Variation across Disciplinary Areas in Academic English
Authors: Seoane Elena , Hundt Marianne
Published: December 2017

This paper examines voice alternation, that is, variation between the active and passive voice in academic Englishes. The focus is on differences regarding degrees of author involvement. A previous study on the use of be-passives in fifteen varieties of academic English (Hundt, Schneider & Seoane 2016) found voice alternation to be very similar in both contact and native (ENL) varieties of English, with only American English showing a pronounced tendency towards a more frequent use of actives. A more fine-grained analysis, however, revealed highly significant interdisciplinary variation: whereas in the hard sciences the default option to express a transitive event is the passive voice, in the soft sciences, preference is often given to the active. In this paper we do not compare varieties of English but concentrate on ENL data from the entire academic sections of ICE corpora (International Corpus of English) as a whole in order to uncover the functional role of actives and passives across disciplinary areas with regard to authorial presence. The results indicate that the differences attested do not correlate with differences in authorial involvement ( We discovered this versus This was discovered) since texts remain equally impersonal. Other factors, such as the increasing informalization observed in various genres, will have to be contemplated in any comprehensive study of the rhetoric of science.
Treatment of acute portomesenteric venous thrombosis with thrombectomy through a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a single-center experience
Authors: Rosenqvist Kerstin , Ebeling Barbier Charlotte , Rorsman Fredrik , Sangfelt Per , Nyman Rickard
Published: December 2017

Background

Acute portomesenteric venous thrombosis (PMVT) is a potentially life-threatening condition and urgent treatment is required.

Purpose

To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of treating acute PMVT by the creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) followed by thrombectomy.

Material and Methods

Six patients (all men, age range = 39–51 years) presenting with acute PMVT were treated with transjugular thrombectomy (TT) through a TIPS created in the same session. The intervention included iterated venography through the TIPS one to three times within the first week after diagnosis and repeated thrombectomy if needed (n = 5).

Results

Recanalization was successful with persistent blood flow through the main superior mesenteric vein, portal vein, and TIPS in all six patients. Five patients were treated primarily with thrombectomy through a TIPS with clinical improvement. The final patient was initially treated with surgical thrombectomy and bowel resection. TIPS and TT was performed two days after surgery due to re-thrombosis but the patient deteriorated and died of multi-organ failure. Procedure-related complications were transient hematuria (n = 3) and transient encephalopathy (n = 2). In-hospital time was <14 days in four of the five patients with primary TIPS and TT. No sign of re-thrombosis was noted during follow-up (mean = 18 months, range = 8–28 months).

Conclusion

Thrombectomy through a TIPS is feasible and can be effective in recanalization and symptom-relief in acute PMVT.
Failure modes and failure mechanisms of single tooth bound to composite pre-tightened tooth connection
Authors: Gao Yifeng , Li Fei , Zhao Qilin , Gao Jiangang , Yan Xiaoqiang , Xu Longxing
Published: December 2017

To assess the failure modes and failure mechanisms of single pre-tightened tooth connection joints, experiments were conducted on the mechanical properties of three different materials―T700/DER-321, T700/EP4221, and E-glass/HCH-8300―under different geometric parameters. During the test, failure processes and details of the fracture surfaces were observed by using a high-speed camera, an optical microscope, and a scanning electron microscope. Then, the failure modes and failure mechanisms of the joints were analyzed by numerical simulation and theoretical methods. The results showed that only two failure modes, shear failure and crushing failure, occurred in the glass fiber-reinforced plastic single joint. However, in addition to these two failure modes, a new failure mode was found to occur in the carbon fiber-reinforced plastic single joint, i.e. compression failure. The glass fiber-reinforced plastic joint had a lower elastic modulus along the fiber direction than the carbon fiber-reinforced plastic joint, which was the fundamental cause for the new failure mode. The carbon fiber-reinforced plastic joint with compression failure had a higher bearing capacity, and a certain ductile failure will occur as a result of the large interlaminar shear strength of the composite, which is an important consideration in joint design. Thus, the material type, the geometrical parameters of the tooth, and the interlaminar shear strength of the composite all influenced the failure modes and the bearing capacity of single pre-tightened tooth connection joints.
Immune response of bovine sourced cross-linked collagen sponge for hemostasis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Niu Xufeng , Sun Lei , She Zhending , Tan Rongwei , Wang Wei
Published: December 2017

A comprehensive immunogenicity scheme is proposed to examine immune response of bovine sourced hemostasis collagen sponge to establish foundation for further researches and decrease the incidence of adverse reaction in clinical trials. Compared with negative control group without any implant, spleen and lymph nodes morphology show no apparent swelling in mice with different doses of collagen sponge implants. Immune cells population, especially lymph nodes cells population, is practically coincident with organs. However, splenic cells display slight proliferation in early phase following collagen sponge implantation. Splenic cells apoptosis also demonstrates no significant difference among all groups. T lymphocytes subsets, CD4/CD8 cells ratio, in spleen and lymph nodes are practically normal. Splenic cells Ki67 + proportions do not exhibit significant difference between collagen sponge groups and negative control group. Humoral response is determined by detection of IgG and IgM concentration in serum, not exhibiting remarkable increase with collagen sponge implantation, compared to the drastic increase in positive control group with bovine tendon implantation. Local analysis around implants by hematoxylin-eosin staining discovers slight cell infiltration around collagen sponge. Tumour necrosis factor-α immunostaining indicates slight inflammation in early phase following collagen sponge implantation, but interferon-γ immunostaining is negligible even in positive control group. Collagen sponge, especially in high dose, may have evoked benign immune response in BALB/c mice, but this response is transient. The present evaluation scheme for immune response is integrated and comprehensive, suitable for various biomaterials.
Improvement on upper limb body-powered prostheses (1921–2016): A systematic review
Authors: Hashim Nur Afiqah , Abd Razak Nasrul Anuar , Abu Osman Noor Azuan , Gholizadeh Hossein
Published: December 2017

Body-powered prostheses are known for their advantages of cost, reliability, training period, maintenance, and proprioceptive feedback. This study primarily aims to analyze the work related to the improvement of upper limb body-powered prostheses prior to 2016. A systematic review conducted via the search of the Web of Science electronic database, Google Scholar, and Google Patents identified 155 papers from 1921 to 2016. Sackett’s initial rules of evidence were used to determine the levels of evidence, and only papers categorized in the design and development category and patents were analyzed. A total of 40 papers in the sixth level of “Design and Development” of an upper limb body-powered prosthesis were found. Approximately 81% were categorized under mechanical alteration. Most papers were patent-type documents (48%), with the Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development publishing most of the articles related to the design and development of body-powered prostheses. Papers in the scope of the study were published once every 3 years in almost a century, proving that only a few studies were conducted to improve body-powered arms compared with myoelectric technology. Further research should be carried out mainly in areas that have received less attention.
The role of academic libraries in research and teaching
Authors: Klain Gabbay Liat , Shoham Snunith
Published: December 2017

The perceptions of faculty members from the faculties of social sciences and humanities regarding the role of the library in assisting with their research and teaching needs are compared with those of academic librarians. This research was designed as a comprehensive, mixed-methods study. First, interviews were conducted with faculty members and librarians; then, based on the findings, a questionnaire was constructed and distributed to faculty members and librarians in these departments. The main finding is that the contribution of library services to the various aspects of teaching and research is perceived as higher by the librarians than by the faculty members. Faculty members appear to expect more from the library in various aspects of research support; however, most faculty members believe that the library fulfils their teaching needs. Regarding research, faculty members believe most libraries support the technical aspects, but they do not support other aspects, such as locating the information or providing more comprehensive information relevant for the faculty members’ research. Therefore it is important to compare and resolve the differences between faculty and librarians’ perceptions. The findings of this study indicate that the perception in libraries needs to change, and some of these changes should be made already in the preparatory stages of the profession.
The legal backing for accounting standard-setting in Japan: A historical review
Authors: Sanada Masatsugu
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study is to construct a historical narrative of the development of the standard-setting in Japan, where the main standard-setting bodies were changed from public to private sector entities. This study specifically examines the unique coexistence of four sets of accounting standards through the lens of legality. My findings show that four sets of accounting standards are formalized into the domestic legal system through the endorsement by the Financial Services Agency of Japan, although differences in the standard-setting processes and patterns of public delegation exist. This finding also suggests an interesting example of hybridization between legally incomplete ex ante delegation to private sector standard-setting bodies and ex post endorsement by the public sector.
Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Opportunities for Service Station Management and Operations
Authors: Hargrove Merwin M. , Trueblood Lyle R.
Published: December 2017

Entrepreneurial opportunities for service station management and operation in the next several years were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. The impact of four factors — consisting of the service stations, the dealers, the company practices, and governmental regulations — was considered. A decline in the number of service stations is anticipated; however, the independent dealer should be better qualified and should continue to dominate the retailing segment of the oil industry.
Small Business and the Theory of Small Bureaucracies
Authors: Paulson Steven K. , Stump Alan L.
Published: December 2017

Findings from a partial replication of Blau's 1966 study of small bureaucracies suggest that small businesses of six or fewer employees offer substantial promise for the construction of theories of organizational behavior. Based on the strategy of examining simple forms of phenomena to isolate basic relationships, certain bivariate relationships rejected by Blau for larger organizations, are found to be significant for the smallest organizations in the present study. An expanded multi-variate causal regression analysis provides additional evidence. Seventy-seven small business firms constitute the sample and the variables analyzed are division of labor, professionalization, managerial hierarchy, and administrative apparatus.
Effects of Tight Money Policy on the Availability of Bank Loans to Small Businesses
Authors: Charles C. F.
Published: December 2017

Despite efforts in the past, the issue of whether tight money policy unfairly discriminates against small businesses remains an unsettled debate. More statistical investigation of the issue seems to offer the only answer to resolve the issue. This paper presents results from a statistical investigation of the financial conditions of small manufacturing corporations. The time-series analysis covering three cycles and one minor slump during '66–67 reveals that commercial banks did drastically reduce the volume of loans to small manufacturers during tight money periods when large corporations demanded more accommodation from banks.
Financial Objectives of Small Firms
Authors: Cooley Philip L. , Edwards Charles E.
Published: December 2017

Goals perceived by business managers in practice may differ from those postulated in finance theory. Such a divergence between practice and theory is found in a perceptual survey of small-business managers. This paper reports on the financial goals perceived as important by small-business managers and discusses the implications of the findings. 1

1 The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial and administrative support provided by the Petroleum Marketing Education Foundation. Only the authors’ views are reported here, however,
The Transition to Professional Management: Mission Impossible?
Authors: Hofer Charles W. , Charan Ram
Published: December 2017

This article presents a conceptual model of the transition process when changing from entrepreneurial management to functional management. It may provide a tool for predicting the success or failure of such a change.
Small Business Management Assistance: Needs and Sources
Authors: Peterson Robert A.
Published: December 2017

This paper reports the results of a nationwide survey of 793 small business owners and managers regarding their management assistance needs and sources. Of 15 business decision areas investigated, the greatest perceived need for management assistance was found to be in the area of long-term business planning. Employee relations and inventory management were perceived to be those decision areas in which the least assistance was needed. Of 14 management assistance sources investigated, the most used source was the accountant or CPA; the least-used sources were government-sponsored programs and university-sponsored consulting programs. 1

1 This research was supported in part by grants from Safeguard Business Systems, Inc. and the Institute for Constructive Capitalism, University of Texas. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the granting organizations.
Do Women Entrepreneurs Require Different Training?
Authors: Birley Sue , Moss Caroline , Saunders Peter
Published: December 2017

This paper analyzes the characteristics of male and female participants attending pioneering entrepreneurship development programs, which form part of an economic strategy directed at increasing the quality and quantity of new firms. The participants did not need to have a business plan, finance available or formal education, but must have had a “reasonably feasible idea”. The results show significant differences between the characteristics of the male and female entrepreneurs, and the businesses which they form.
Non-Market-Based Transfers of Wealth and Power: A Research Framework for Family Businesses
Authors: Churchill Neil C. , Hatten Kenneth J.
Published: December 2017

Family businesses are basically owner-managed enterprises with the family involved within the business. When, to family ties within the business, is added the biological inevitability of an eventual transfer of power, family succession becomes an alternative to selling the business–-a transfer based on non-market considerations. A framework for studying family businesses is proposed which has succession as its anchor. The succession process is where changes in management, in strategy, and in control are planned for and executed. The framework is built upon stages of the family enterprise which emanate from the biological reality of parent and offspring being separated by age and business experience but wedded together by “blood” and a shared family experience.
Modeling the closing behavior of a smart hydrogel micro-valve
Authors: Mehner Philipp J , Allerdißen Merle , Haefner Sebastian , Voigt Andreas , Marschner Uwe , Richter Andreas
Published: December 2017

Smart hydrogel micro-valves are essential components of micro-chemo-mechanical fluid systems. These valves are based on phase-changeable polymers. They can open and close micro-fluidic channels depending on the chemical concentration or the temperature in the fluid. A concept of finite element–based modeling in combination with network methods to simulate concentration-triggered, phase-changeable hydrogels is proposed. We introduce a temperature domain as a replication domain to substitute insufficiently implemented domains. With the used simulation tools, problems are highlighted and their solutions are presented. The computed parameters of such valves are included in a circuit representation, which is capable of efficiently computing large-scale micro-fluidic systems. These methods will help predict, visualize, and understand polymeric swelling behavior as well as the performance of large-scale chip applications before any complex experiment is performed.
Caring for Care Workers
Authors: Zelnick Jennifer R. , Haviland Sara , Craft Morgan Jennifer
Published: December 2017

Carework—the paid and unpaid work in healthcare, education, childcare, mental health, elder care, families, and social services—is linked by the social and ethical obligation to care for vulnerable populations and is a major economic sector and important source of employment internationally. This special issue of New Solutions focuses on understanding working conditions and workplace health and safety in carework professions and for seeking solutions to these dilemmas. As members of the Carework Network Steering Committee, we reflect on the importance of the topics raised in this special issue and describe next steps for carework research and scholarship.
Examining factors influencing food tourist intentions to consume local cuisine
Authors: Levitt Jamie A , Meng Fang , Zhang Pei , DiPietro Robin B
Published: December 2017

Food tourism is an activity which has grown in popularity. While it encompasses different activities, consuming local cuisine appears to be particularly popular. Yet, there is a lack of research measuring food tourist behavior using advanced social psychology theory. This study used an extended model of goal-directed behavior to understand food tourist desires and intentions to consume local cuisine. Data were collected at six restaurants in the Southeastern USA and 430 responses were obtained. Anticipated positive emotions and self-identity had the strongest influences on desire. Frequency of past behavior had the strongest influence on intentions. Implications are discussed in detail.