bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sorption of lead, cadmium and zinc from air sediments applying natural wool fiber
Authors: Babincev Ljiljana , Budimir Milana , Rajakovic Ljubinka
Published: July 2012

The aim of this study is to investigate the possibilities of removing lead,
cadmium, and zinc from air by sorption natural wool fibers (NWF), thus
evaluating possible application of the wool materials in direct protection of
air from the influence of heavy metals. Metal detection was done (before and
after the sorption process) by potentiometric stripping analysis. Sorption
experiments were done in two ways: by immersing NWF in model solutions
(prepared by the working standard solutions and deionized water), and by
immersing NWF in solutions of sediments from the air. The influence of mass
sorbent, sorption time, pH, and temperature on the sorption of lead, cadmium,
and zinc were experimentally examined. Effectiveness of lead, cadmium, and
zinc sorption by applying natural wool fibers is shown as the sorption
capacity (a ratio between metal concentration before and after sorption and
sorbent mass). Sorbent of 0.1 g NWF mass in neutral environment collects:
after 10 min 23,9% of lead, 19,0% of cadmium, and 21,3% of zinc; whereas
after 30 min 71.5% of lead, 69.6% of cadmium, and 69.4% of zinc. NWF of the
same mass in acidic environment shows lower sorption capabilities, for pH 4.5
the effective sorption is: 68.6% of lead, 66.8% of cadmium, and 66.6% of
zinc; whereas for pH 2.1 NWF sorption is 54.6% of lead, 53.2% of cadmium, and
52.9% of zinc. Optimal pH range for application of this sorption during the
experiment material is 4.5-7.0. The sorption was made in solutions with pH
2.1 due to potentiometric stripping analysis application conditions.
Temperature significantly impacts the tested material sorption
characteristics. When temperature slightly increases, regardless of the
inflicted damage, NWF keeps its functionality. When temperature is higher
than 60?C, the sorbent effectiveness is reduced. The NWF sorption capacity
is lowest at 100?C: for lead 11.63 ?g g?1, for cadmium 8.18 ?g g?1, and for
zinc 9.41 ?g g?1. Results of the experimental research have shown that a high
degree of removal (about 70%) can be achieved provided that the mass of the
sorbent rages from 0,06?0,1 g, contact time is long enough (30 min), and that
there are no significant effects of temperature and pH.
Diffusion of drugs in hydrogels based on (meth)acrylates, poly(alkylene glycol) (meth)acrylates and itaconic acid
Authors: Babic Marija , Jovasevic Jovana , Filipovic Jovanka , Tomic Simonida
Published: July 2012

The aim of this paper is to propose equations for the diffusion of drugs for
investigated drug/hydrogel systems using the parameters affecting the
transport of drug through poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/itaconic acid)
(P(HEMA/IA)), poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate/itaconic acid) (P(HEA/IA)), and
poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/poly(alkylene glycol) (meth)acrylates)
(P(HEMA/BIS)) copolymeric hydrogels. Different monomer types, as well as the
variable content of some components in hydrogel composition (the amount of
ionizable comonomer (IA) and different type of nonionic poly(alkylene
glycol) (meth)acrylates), ultimately defined the pore size available for
drug diffusion. The hydrogels synthesized ranged from nonporous to
microporous, based on the classification in accordance to the pore size, and
could be classified as hydrogels that contain ionic groups and hydrogels
without ionic groups. The drugs selected for this study are
bronchodilators-theophylline (TPH), fenethylline hydrochloride (FE), and
antibiotic-cephalexin (CEX). Results of in vitro drug release tests defined
the release systems based on the drug type, as well as the type of hydrogel
used. The diffusion coefficient of drugs and the restriction coefficient, ,
defined as the ratio of solute to ?pore? radius (rs/r? ) that describes the
ease of drug release from the gels, were used as factors that govern the
release process.
Quantitative characterization of mns inclusions in S355 steel regarding to solidification rate
Authors: Mahmutovic Aida
Published: July 2012

A practice of special interest for metallurgical steelmaking is the
relationship between redistribution of solute elements and dendrite
microsegregation that occurs during solidification. These phenomena have a
significant impact on the final properties of cast and forged products. In
this paper, a calculation of the characteristic chemical phases in S355 steel
using a software program Thermo-Calc is presented. Also, the paper presents
experimental measurements of the dendrites size and non-metallic inclusions
using optical and electron probe microanalyzer, as well as the calculation of
the local solidification rate on the particular example. These phenomena are
of special interest when it comes to thin castings and higher cooling rates.
Thin castings require higher quality of casting surface, corresponding
distribution, and character than those of non-metallic inclusions.
Thermo-calc software was used for calculation of equilibrium phases,
temperature ranges of solidification of tested material, and temperature
range for developing characteristic equilibrium phase. It was found that
during solidification and cooling processes manganese sulphide inclusions
were formed. Additionally, accurate values for solidus and liquidus
temperatures, which coincide with the values of solidus and liquidus
temperatures obtained by the Thermo Calc, were calculated. Using optical and
electron probe microanalyzer, the type of inclusions were confirmed, whereas
chemical composition and size measurement of dendrites, and formed
non-metallic inclusions were determined. Mapping and Linescan methods were
used to examine the size and exact chemical composition of sulphides in
atomic percents. Using secondary dendrites local solidification rate was
calculated (for casting surface area solidification rate was 5 K/s). This
paper gives contribution to better understanding the influence of cooling
rate on casting microstructure formation and dendrites, which essentially
determine the size of non-metallic inclusions and their redistribution.
Development of RuO2/TiO2 titanium anodes and a device for in situ active chlorine generation
Authors: Spasojevic Miroslav , Trisovic Tomislav , Ribic-Zelenovic Lenka , Spasojevic Pavle
Published: July 2012

Chlorine is used worldwide for water disinfection purposes. However, due to
its toxicity the EU has imposed a set of standards that must be applied when
transporting and storing chlorine. In Serbia, numerous studies have been
conducted attempting to develop the technology for the generation of active
chlorine disinfectant but with a non-toxic aqueous solution of sodium
chloride as the raw material. This study provides an overview of the
titanium anodes activated by thermally obtained solid solution of ruthenium
and titanium oxide development. It also presents new findings on the effect
of the temperature of thermal treatment, the composition, the thickness of
an active coating on its microstructural properties, and consequently on the
catalytic activity, ion selectivity, and corrosion stability during active
chlorine generation through the electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride
solutions at room temperature. The study also evaluates the effect of the
kinetic and operational parameters of the electrochemical process of active
chlorine generation on both current and energy efficiencies. The results
obtained were used to determine optimal values of technological parameters
of the production process. This comprehensive research resulted in the
construction of different types of remote-controlled and fully automated
active chlorine generating plants.
Evaluation of ACE inhibitors lipophilicity using in silico and chromatographically obtained hydrophobicity parameters
Authors: Odovic Jadranka , Markovic Bojan , Trbojevic-Stankovic Jasna , Vladimirov Sote , Karljikovic-Rajic Katarina
Published: July 2012

The aim of this study was to compare different calculation methods to
determine lipophilicity, expressed as logP value, of seven ACE inhibitors
(enalapril, quinapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, cilazapril, ramipril, and
benazapril) with significantly different structure. Experimentally determined
n-octanol/water partition coefficients, logPO/W values, were obtained from
relevant literature. The correlations between all collected logP values were
studied and the best agreements between calculated logP and experimentally
determined logPO/W values, were observed for KOWWINlogP or MilogP values (r =
0.999 or r = 0.974, respectively). The correlations between all collected
logP values and chromatographically (reversed-phase thin-layer
chromatography) obtained hydrophobicity parameters, RM0 and C0, were
established. The good correlations (r > 0.90) were obtained in the majority
of relationships. The KOWWINlogP was established as the most suitable
hydrophobicity parameter of investigated group of ACE inhibitors with r =
0.981 for correlation with RM0 and r = 0.977 for correlation with C0
parameters (water-methanol mobile phase). Using multiple linear regressions,
it was established that application of two selected logP, calculated by
different mathematical approaches, led to very good correlation due to the
benefits of both calculation methods. The good relationships indicate that
the computed logP, with careful selection of method calculation, can be
useful in ACE inhibitors lipophilicity evaluation, as high-throughput
screening technique.
Enzymatic synthesis and application of fatty acid ascorbyl esters
Authors: Stojanovic Marija , Carevic Milica , Mihailovic Mladen , Knezevic-Jugovic Zorica , Petrovic Slobodan , Bezbradica Dejan
Published: July 2012

Fatty acid ascorbyl esters are liposoluble substances that possess good
antioxidative properties. These compounds could be synthesized by using
various acyl donors for acylation of vitamin C in reaction catalyzed by
chemical means or lipases. Enzymatic process is preferred since it is
regioselective, performed under mild reaction conditions, with the obtained
product being environmentally friendly. Polar organic solvents, ionic
liquids, and supercritical fluids has been successfully used as a reaction
medium, since commonly used solvents with high Log P values are inapplicable
due to ascorbic acid high polarity. Acylation of vitamin C using fatty acids,
their methyl-, ethyl-, and vinyl esters, as well as triglycerides has been
performed, whereas application of the activated acyl donors enabled higher
molar conversions. In each case, majority of authors reported that using
excessive amount of the acyl donor had positive effect on yield of product.
Furthermore, several strategies have been employed for shifting the
equilibrium towards the product by water content control. These include
adjusting the initial water activity by pre-equilibration of reaction
mixture, enzyme preparation with water vapor of saturated salt solutions, and
the removal of formed water by the addition of molecular sieves or salt
hydrate pairs. The aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the
procedures described so far for the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of fatty acid
ascorbyl esters with emphasis on the potential application in food,
cosmetics, and pharmaceutics. Furthermore, it has been pointed out that the
main obstacles for process commercialization are long reaction times, lack of
adequate purification methods, and high costs of lipases. Thus, future
challenges in this area are testing new catalysts, developing continuous
processes for esters production, finding cheaper acyl donors and reaction
mediums, as well as identifying standard procedures for purification of
products which will not require consumption of large amounts of
non-biocompatible organic solvents.
Investigation of structure and vibrational properties of cyclobutane pirimidine dimer
Authors: Petkovic Milena , Etinski Mihajlo , Ristic Miroslav
Published: July 2012

We performed a theoretical analysis of the structure and vibrational
properties of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer, which is the main product in a
photochemical reaction involving two molecules of 1-methylthymine. Thymine is
a pyrimidine base that has the highest yield of the dimerization
photoproducts. Methylation in position one was chosen because in this
position thymine is linked to sugar in DNA. The calculations were performed
at the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ level with a Gaussian program package. All molecular
geometries were optimized without symmetry constraints in vacuum and D2O.
Vibrational frequencies were calculated in the harmonic approximation. It was
shown that there are two stable isomers, CPD(cis-syn) and CPD(trans-syn).
CPD(trans-syn) is more stable both in vacuum and in D2O. By dissolving these
molecules in D2O, both structures become more stable, although the
stabilization of the less stable isomer is more pronounced due to its larger
dipole moment. Thus, the difference in stability of the two isomers in D2O is
almost two times lower than in vacuum. Because of the similarity of the two
isomers? structures, the difference in their vibrational spectra is not
pronounced. Within the harmonic approximation, there is only a slight
difference in the C=O and C-H stretching region. The difference in the N-H
stretching region is more pronounced; in the CPD(cis-syn) molecule the two
bonds vibrate separately, whereas in the CPD(trans-syn) the two modes couple,
and this coupling results in symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching. The
observation shows that a slight difference in geometry can be reflected in
the shape of the infrared spectra. A more detailed analysis of the
vibrational properties would involve computation of anharmonic coupling
terms, which would enable a more precise determination of the peak positions.
Composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of a full grown tree of Pinus cembra L. from the Calimani mountains (Romania)
Authors: Apetrei Lungu , Spac Adrian , Brebu Mihai , Tuchilus Cristina , Miron Anca
Published: July 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition, the
antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the essential oils of Pinus cembra
L. needles and twigs. The chemical composition was analyzed using both GC and
GC-MS techniques. ?-Pinene (69.14%) was the major constituent of the needle
essential oil while the twig essential oil was characterized by a high
content of limonene+ ?-phellandrene (40.97%) and ?-pinene (24.94%). The
needle and twig essential oils showed weak DPPH radical scavenging effects
(EC50=19.93?0.75 and EC50=18.66?0.70 mg ml-1, respectively). In antimicrobial
assays, both essential oils showed high activity against Sarcina lutea and
Staphylococcus aureus and no activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia
coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The needle and twig essential oils had
similar antimicrobial effects against Sarcina lutea with MIC and MBC values
of 0.12 and 0.24 mg ml-1, respectively. The twig essential oil (MIC=1.95 mg
ml-1, MBC=3.9 mg ml-1) was more active against Staphylococcus aureus than the
needle essential oil (MIC=3.9 mg ml-1, MBC=15.62 mg ml-1) and also exhibited
a moderate activity against Candida albicans (MIC=7.81 mg ml-1, MFC=15.62 mg
ml-1).
Novel approach to bis(indolyl)methanes using nickel nanoparticles as a reusable catalyst under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Olyaei Abolfazl , Vaziri Mohsen , Razeghi Reza , Bahareh Shams , Bagheri Hasan
Published: July 2012

A nanosized Nickel as catalyst has been developed for the electrophilic
substitution reactions of indole with variousaromatic aldehydes under
solvent-free conditions to afford the corresponding bis(indolyl)methanes in
high to excellent yields. The described method has promising features such as
no hazardous organic solvents or catalysts, short reaction time, high product
yields, simple work-up procedure, reusable catalyst and easy product
separation without further purification with column chromatography.
Diabetes Symptoms and Distress in ACCORD Trial Participants: Relationship to Baseline Clinical Variables
Authors: Sullivan Mark D. , Evans Gregory , Anderson Roger , O'Connor Patrick , Raisch Dennis W. , Simmons Debra L. , Narayan K.M. Venkat
Published: July 2012

IN BRIEF

Our study demonstrates strong associations of diabetes symptoms and distress with female sex, higher BMI, history of neuropathy, and current depressive symptoms. Many diabetes-specific symptoms may be significantly shaped by factors such as depression and obesity.
Light refraction in the Swiss-cheese model
Authors: Csapó Adelinda , Bene Gyula
Published: July 2012

We investigate light propagation in the Swiss-cheese model. On both sides of Swiss-cheese sphere surfaces, observers resting in the flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) space and the Schwarzschild space respectively, see the same light ray enclosing different angles with the normal. We examine light refraction at each crossing of the boundary surfaces, showing that the angle of refraction is larger than the angle of incidence for both directions of the light.
Scaling properties and charge dependence of particle ratio fluctuations at RHIC
Authors: Wang Hui
Published: July 2012

It has been suggested that the existence of a QCD phase transition would cause an increase and divergence of fluctuations. Thus event-by-event particle ratio fluctuations could be used to study strangeness and baryon number fluctuations near the critical point in the QCD phase diagram. In this paper, we present dynamical K/π, p/π, and K/p ratio fluctuations from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 7.7 to 200 GeV. Charge dependent results as well as multiplicity scaling properties of these fluctuation results are discussed. The STAR data are compared to different theoretical model predictions and previous experimental results.
Near-infrared imaging for quantitative analysis of active component in counterfeit dimethomorph using partial least squares regression
Authors: Huang Yue , Min Shun-Geng , Cao Jin-Li , Ye Sheng-Feng , Duan Jia
Published: July 2012

Near-infrared (NIR) imaging systems simultaneously record spectral and spatial information. Near-infrared imaging was applied to the identification of (E,Z)-4-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl)morpholine (dimethomorph) in both mixed samples and commercial formulation in this study. The distributions of technical dimethomorph and additive in the heterogeneous counterfeit product were obtained by the relationship imaging (RI) mode. Furthermore, a series of samples which consisted of different contents of uniformly distributed dimethomorph were prepared and three data cubes were generated for each content. The spectra extracted from these images were imported to establish the partial least squares model. The model’s evaluating indicators were: coefficient of determination (R 2) 99.42 %, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) 0.02612, root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) 0.01693, RMSECVmean 0.03577, relative standard error of prediction (RSEP) 0.01999, and residual predictive deviation (RPD) 15.14. Relative error of prediction of the commercial formulation was 0.077, indicating the predicted value correlated with the real content. The chemical value reconstruction image of dimethomorph formulation products was calculated by a MATLAB program. NIR microscopy imaging here manifests its potential in identifying the active component in the counterfeit pesticide and quantifying the active component in its scanned image.
Substituted homoallenyl aldehydes and their derivatives. Part 1: Homoallenyl aldehydes and protected hydrazones
Authors: Galeta Juraj , Man Stanislav , Potáček Milan
Published: July 2012

The paper presents a simple synthesis of substituted propargyl vinyl ethers and their subsequent thermally-initiated Claisen rearrangement leading to various 3-substituted homoallenyl aldehydes. Several methods, including Sonogashira coupling, base-promoted substitution on the triple bond by sodium amide or butyllithium, and the preparation of substituted propargyl alcohols, were used in the initial step. Phosphate-protected homoallenyl aldehyde hydrazone derivatives were synthesised and fully characterised. The stereochemistry of 9-anthracene carbaldehyde hydrazone, which, surprisingly, afforded both cis and trans isomers, was established using X-ray analysis.
Formation of membranes based on polyacrylonitrile and butadiene-acrylonitrile elastomer in the presence of copper ions
Authors: Petrov Petrov Stoiko , Pencheva Miteva Milena
Published: July 2012

The presented study provides a possibility to create ultrafiltration (UF), polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/butadiene-acrylonitrile elastomer (BNR)/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) membranes. Influence of different concentrations of the elastomer on the formation of a more porous structure was studied and compared with that observed using membranes made of polyacrylonitrile. Specific influence of copper ions in a solution of polymers on the formation of an asymmetric selective layer was also monitored. The study was conducted to prepare membranes with high efficiency in emulsion and colloidal systems separation.
Thiophenium-ylides: Synthesis and reactivity
Authors: Machara Aleš , Svoboda Jiří
Published: July 2012

The reaction of propanedioic acid, 2-diazo-1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester (di-tert-butyl diazomalonate) with a series of cyclopenta[b]thiophenes in the presence of catalytic rhodium acetate was studied. The resulting S—C ylides underwent a rearrangement to form a heterocycle with different topology; thialene, in very low yields. Experimental and spectral data for all compounds are provided.
Educators' Professional and Personal Growth: A Case Study of European Teachers' In-Service Training Courses
Authors: Salomäki Ulla , Ruokonen Inkeri , Ruismäki Heikki
Published: July 2012

Educators' Professional and Personal Growth: A Case Study of European Teachers' In-Service Training Courses

In this paper, we consider the development of teachers' emotional skills by using arts and skills. In the theoretical background, we focus on the modern theories of motivation, learning and school culture and on cultural theories (Sapher & King, 1985) of school environments and views of learning. The main problem is to determine which skills the teachers can achieve during intensive training of emotional skills and arts. In the paper, we have used the course evaluations and post-evaluation material from one of the Comenius courses held in Cyprus in October 2008. The findings show that, in spite of the school culture, all the methods for teaching emotional skills can also be used for the personal and professional growth of teachers. Teachers' well-being and a positive school environment are essential in sustainable development and education.
Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers' Knowledge of Appropriate Instructional Practices in Secondary School Physical Education
Authors: Barney David , Christenson Robert , Pleban Frank
Published: July 2012

Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers' Knowledge of Appropriate Instructional Practices in Secondary School Physical Education

Secondary school can serve as a time for youth to prepare themselves for the ‘real world’, and physical education can play an important role in this preparation. Yet in the past, secondary school physical education has not been very effective in preparing youth for life after secondary school. One area to help improve secondary school physical education is in the preparation of pre-service physical education teachers. It is during the preparation of pre-service physical education teachers that they will be taught and trained regarding appropriate instructional practices in secondary school physical education. The National Association of Sport and Physical Education created a document regarding appropriate educational practices in secondary school physical education. For this study, a survey was adapted from the National Association of Sport and Physical Education appropriate instructional practice document. Three hundred and thirteen pre-service physical education teachers from seven institutions of higher education throughout the United States were surveyed regarding their knowledge of appropriate instructional practices in secondary school physical education. It was found that pre-service physical education teachers inappropriately answered six of the 18 survey statements (33%) regarding appropriate instructional practices in secondary school physical education. When pre-service physical education teachers graduate and expose secondary school pupils to appropriate practices, there is a better chance the pupils will be prepared for the ‘real world’.
The Praxis of Mentoring: Power, Organising and Emancipation
Authors: Lea YiShan
Published: July 2012

The Praxis of Mentoring: Power, Organising and Emancipation

The purpose of this article is twofold: first, to juxtapose the praxis of mentoring with its domination and, second, to examine the praxis of mentoring. The rationale of the inquiry is based on social reconstructivist principles, recognising that relational structures and human experiences are both productive and reproductive in nature and in effect. The inquiry has pedagogical implications for institutional practices in education and political implications for individual voluntary versus institutional organising. It is potentially counter-hegemonic against the discourse of globalisation inevitability. Overall, the paper investigates the development and socialisation of human agency in institutional and social associations in which the praxis of mentoring intervenes.
Surgical Approaches and Postoperative Complcations of Parapharyngeal Space Tumours
Authors: Ivanova Anna , Tars Juris , Groma Valerija
Published: July 2012

Introduction.Parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are rare neoplasms that are greatly varying both clinically and morphologically. Complete tumor removal from the PPS requires an integrated approach to resection of nervous and vascular trunks and hemorrhage control.

Aim of the Study.This study aimed evaluation of surgical interventions applied for PPS neoplasms along with revision of postoperative complications noticed conducting these surgeries.

Material and Methods.32 PPS tumors removed during surgeries as well as associated biopsies performed at Riga East University Hospital Oncology Center of Latvia at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery from 01.01.2001 till 31.12.2006 were included in this study.

Results.The largest number of patients presented with benign salivary gland tumors 22 (68.7%), followed by malignant salivary gland neoplasms 5 (18.5%), neurogenic tumors 4 (12.5%), and miscellaneous tumors 1 (0.3%). Postoperative complications for malignant salivary gland surgeries occurred at the highest rate (42%), whereas, for benign - at the lowest (5%). Transcervical - submandibular, transparotid, and transoral approach was used in 56, 25, and 1% of surgeries, accordingly, whereas, mandibulotomy applied in 17%. “First bite syndrome” was noticed in 30% of the cases, cranial nerve palsies - in 20%, temporary, permanent facial nerve and accessorial nerve injury in 4, 1 and 15% of surgical interventions, accordingly. Vascular trunks damage occurred at 9%, and, mostly, for poststyloid lesions.

Conclusions.Heterogeneous PPS tumors show a wide spectrum of postoperative complications and require a selective approach for optimization of surgical intervention and treatment strategy.
The Management of Extensive Bone Loss in Primary and Revision Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Zebolds Silvestris , Goncars Valdis , Zommers Ints , Kalnberzs Konstantins
Published: July 2012

Introduction.Total knee replacement (TKR) is still a challenging procedure for severe gonarthrosis patients. Deformities of knee joint (varus, valgus - more than 30 degrees), insufficiency of collateral ligaments and extensive bone loss could be a difficult problem to solve with standard knee endoprosthesis. Also in cases of revision - TKR the restoration of bone loss and regaining of stability of the joint could be a problem.

Aim of the Study.The aim of our study was to analyse the results with Rotating - Hinge prosthesis after severe primary and revision TKR.

Materials and Methods.34 patients (27 female, 7 male) were treated with Rotating - Hinge prosthesis during 12 years (first in 1997). Mean age of patients were 69 years. 17 operations were primary total knee arthroplasties and also 17 were revisions of the knee prosthesis. The Oxford Knee score was used for evaluation of patients satisfaction rate. The Knee Society Score was used to get objective functional results. For radiological analysis X-rays of knee joint in two projections were performed.

Results.34 Oxford Knee score questionnaires were sent to patients, response we got from 27 patients (79%). Mean result from Oxford Knee score was 32 which is good. The same number of patients (34) were invited for examination using Knee Society score. The response were from 20 patients (59%). Mean result from Knee Society score was 83, which means excellent.

Conclusions.Rotating-Hinge prosthesis allows to achieve good and excellent functional results and high patients satisfaction rate after severe primary and revision TKR. The biological age, general health condition, insufficiency of ligaments and previous infection in patients history have to be considered for choosing the tactics for each case.
Radiodensitometric Analysis of Maxillary Sinus-Lift Areas Enforced with Bone Substitute Materials Containing Calcium Phophate
Authors: Neimane Laura , Skagers Andrejs , Salms Girts , Berzina-Cimdina Liga
Published: July 2012

Introduction. An enforcement of atrophic maxilla with biomaterials during sinus-lift surgery improves size and quality of alveolar bone. Radiological densitometric analysis can prove it. Within the study a density of bone was investigated and findings were compared with natural bone around the implants.

Aim of the Study.Was to determine if density around the implant inserted with one stage sinus-lift operation using bone substitute materials increase and if that can be detected radiologically.

Materials and Methods.Totally there were examined 22 patients where 64 implants were inserted in maxilla: 48 implants were inserted with one stage sinus-lift operation using bone substitute materials; represented study group. Sixteen implants were inserted in natural maxillary alveolar bone of the same patients, representing control group. The density of implant supporting tissue was measured with cone beam computed tomography and expressed in Hounsfield units (HU). The measurements were performed according to standardized pattern.

Results.Densitometric measurements were higher in the study group than in the control group in all points, but statistically significant difference was observed in two measurement sites: buccally in sinus elevation area (BSM) (p=0.005) and palatinally in sinus elevation area (PSM) (p=0.0012), and corresponding areas in control group.

Conclusions.Surgical elevation of maxillary sinus floor using calcium phosphate bone substitute materials resulted in higher optical density compared to natural bone. Mineralization of the bone, induced by the bone substitute materials, can be detected radiologically
The Assessment of Speech Quality and Intellibility After Replacement of Lost Teeth With Removable Dentures: Review of Literature
Authors: Artjomenko Victoria , Vidzis Aldis , Broka Kristine
Published: July 2012

The prevalence of edentulism among Latvian population is high. According to the World Health Organization criteria complete tooth loss is regarded as a disability. One of the basic oral cavity functions is taking part in speech production. Alterations in oral cavity, caused by tooth loss and resorption of its supporting alveolar ridge, can produce changes in speech quality and intelligibility. This can lead to psychological and social problems, thus decreasing the patient’s quality of life. There are several options in replacing missing teeth. In Latvia prosthetic rehabilitation with removable dentures is in great demand. It is mentioned in literature, that removable dentures improve speech quality and intelligibility. However, there is no consensus in this field. The objective of this review is to screen literature for data related to the assessment of speech quality and intelligibility after replacement of lost teeth with removable dentures. Literature was selected through several electronic databases, as well as a manual search in dental journals. The detailed analysis of thirty two articles was performed and some significant facts were revealed. There exists an opinion, that removable dentures may have a negative effect on speech production. As the volume of oral cavity is diminished, resonation of oral cavity is decreased. Artificial teeth, removable denture base can limit tongue space and change the location of its articulation contacts. The assessment of speech quality and intelligibility is an essential diagnostic tool before and after prosthetic rehabilitation in order to provide the best option for restoring lost function. A standardized method for determining changes in speech quality after tooth loss and further prosthodontics has not yet been established. Semi-standardized instruments for the analysis of speech disorders are well documented when dealing with speech changes before and after prosthetic rehabilitation with various oral osseointegrated implant supported prostheses. For the Latvian language this method has not been described yet.
Recurrent Gallstone Ileus in an Elderly Patient With Significant Co-Morbidity
Authors: Vanags Andrejs , Sneidere Mara , Strumfa Ilze , Simtniece Zane , Pavars Maris , Gardovskis Janis
Published: July 2012

Gallstone ileus accounts for 1-4% of mechanical bowel obstruction. As the patients are elderly, significant co-morbidity is frequent, therefore early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment is mandatory to prevent patient’s death. The aim of the present case report is to heighten the awareness of surgeons to the occurrence and differential diagnostics of gallstone ileus. Here we describe recurrent intestinal obstruction in an elderly lady with previously treated peritonitis as well as history of hip joint prosthesis and mitral valve replacement.
Chronic Pancreatitis: Problems of Classification
Authors: Umnova Larisa , Orlikovs Grigorijs , Voicehovska Julija
Published: July 2012

Chronic Pancreatitis: Problems of Classification

The article encompasses a review of those classifications of chronic pancreatitis (CP) that are of value for clinical practice. None of them gives a reliable description of the severity of clinical presentation and severity of CP course. Clinical pancreatic index (CPI), introduced by the authors, is a clinical classification aimed at solving this problem. CPI gives a quantitative degree of clinical symptom intensity and the severity of clinical course of CP. The application of CPI is useful both when completing clinical researches and in clinical practice. CPI is designed to help choose the best CP treatment option and its intensity.
Invasive and Non-invasive Methods in Diagnostic of Migraine: a Literature Review
Authors: Plinta Aelita , Logina Inara , Platkajis Ardis , Jegere Daina
Published: July 2012

Invasive and Non-invasive Methods in Diagnostic of Migraine: a Literature Review

Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide. Prevalence varies in different reports but on average it is up to 15% of adults, mostly women, and up to 14,5 % in school age children. Although the diagnosis of migraine in children is not easy, migraine prevalence of migraine in childhood is very high. Morbidity of migraine is strongly related to positive family history and it illustrates ascertain close relation to genetic matter. Medical and social burden of migraine is tremendous since it affects all range of ages, starting from young children to seniors, and severe attacks can be even as disabling as quadriplegia. Despite there are thousands of trials done, indisputable cause of migraine as well as pathophysiological treatment is not clear. There are several forms of migraine, two of which are the most common- migraine without aura and migraine with aura. Diagnosis of migraine is based mainly on anamnesis data and clinical symptoms according to The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), neuroimaging is recommended only in case of so called red flag symptoms and is oriented to exclude secondary headache. Invasive investigations such as lumbar puncture and angiography with contrast are integral parts of investigational plan when migraine has to be differentiated from subarachnoid haemorrhage or pulmonary and cardiac right-to-left shunts. Modern neuroimaging reveals migraine as a kind of neurodegenerative disease that in severe and/or frequent form leads to brain white matter lesions, subclinical infarcts in the posterior circulation and increased iron deposition in brain. On the scientific laboratory level, it is possible now to diagnose migraine on affirmative base, and this is believed to be the future of neuroimaging in clinical practice regarding migraine.
Primary Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Lymphoma
Authors: Vanags Andrejs , Grusina-Ujumaza Jelena , Strumfa Ilze , Ambalovs Genadijs , Abolins Arnis , Gardovskis Janis
Published: July 2012

Primary Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Lymphoma

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) lymphoma is a rare extra-nodal marginal zone lymphoma representing 0.5% of lung tumours. In order to share experience in the management of BALT lymphoma, we report a well-investigated case with unusual features as complex familial oncologic history and synchronous benign thyroid disease. The patient was a 44-year-old woman with prolonged unspecific respiratory complaints. By computed tomography (CT), bilateral atelectasis-like pulmonary lesions were found in the 3rd, 5th, 6th and 8th segments of the right lung and in the 3rd segment of the left lung. We performed diagnostic video-assisted wedge resection of the 5th segment of right lung. Pathologic and immunohistochemical examination yielded the diagnosis of BALT lymphoma. After staging by bone marrow biopsy and abdominal CT, chemotherapy was recommended by the oncologic council.
A Case Report of Complicated Multiple Facial Basal Cell Carcinoma Treatment in a Young Woman
Authors: Derjabo Aleksandrs , Cema Ingrida , Isajevs Sergejs , Donina Simona
Published: July 2012

A Case Report of Complicated Multiple Facial Basal Cell Carcinoma Treatment in a Young Woman

A 36-year-old woman was consulted in Riga Eastern Clinical University Hospital Latvian Oncology centre Outpatient Department with multiple histology-proven basal cell carcinomas. The patient was treated with diode laser 980 nm and immunotherapy and had 5 years disease free survival.
The Treatment of Acetabular Fracture Complications in a Combination of Post-traumatic Hip Joint Osteoarthritis and Femoral Fracture for Polytrauma Patient
Authors: Vikmanis Andris , Jumtins Andris
Published: July 2012

The Treatment of Acetabular Fracture Complications in a Combination of Post-traumatic Hip Joint Osteoarthritis and Femoral Fracture for Polytrauma Patient

Pelvic bone fractures are related to a high energy injury. Therefore with an increase of the traffic intensity simultaneously grows the number of polytrauma patients, who have pelvic bone fractures of various severity levels. In the case of acetabular fractures, as the most frequent complication is the hip joint post-traumatic degeneratively destructive osteoarthritis, in whose treatment very often the hip joint arthroplasty is necessary. The frequency of this complication is affected by the precision of repositioning and the strength of fixation of an acetabular fracture.
Evolution of Equilibrium Composition of MnO-SiO2 and Al2O3-MnO-SiO2 Inclusions in Liquid Fe and Fe-36%Ni Alloy During Cooling
Authors: Jerzak W. , Kalicka Z.
Published: July 2012

Evolution of Equilibrium Composition of MnO-SiO2and Al2O3-MnO-SiO2Inclusions in Liquid Fe and Fe-36%Ni Alloy During Cooling

Evolution of chemical composition of inclusions for Fe-36%Ni melt on cooling was simulated on the basis of theoretical analysis. The equilibrium states for deoxidization reactions using manganese, silicon and aluminum were found by using the subregular solution thermodynamic model, including the interaction parameters and the activity coefficients for O, Mn, Si i Al at infinite dilution in iron and nickel. The equilibrium compositions of the inclusions when cooling the melt were computed for Fe-36%Ni for the temperatures from 1873K to 1773K. For comparison, the same analysis was made for pure iron melt. The obtained results indicate different behavior of the inclusions for those melts. For Fe-36%Ni, either MnO-SiO2inclusions or Al2O3-MnO-SiO2ones always increase substantially in MnO content on cooling. When Al2O3content goes up, the effect gets weaker. As to the pure iron melt, the inclusions behave more differently, i.e., the MnO content may go up, go down or stay constant depending on the initial inclusion composition. Despite of the fact that Al2O3-MnO-SiO2inclusions fluctuate significantly as to their compositions for Fe-36%Ni melt, it seems however, that it would be easier for this melt - in comparison to pure iron one - to forecast such a chemical target composition which would allow to achieve the desired composition of the inclusions left within the residual melt after metal cooling from 1873K to 1773 K.
The Microstructure of Annealed Galfan Coating on Steel Substrate
Authors: Żelechower M. , Kliś J. , Augustyn E. , Grzonka J. , Stróż D. , Rzychoń T. , Woźnica H.
Published: July 2012

The Microstructure of AnnealedGalfanCoating on Steel Substrate

The commercially availableGalfancoating containing 5-7wt.% of Al deposited on the low carbon steel substrate by hot dipping has been examined with respect to the microstructure of the coating/substrate interface area. The application of several experimental techniques (SEM/EDS, XRD, TEM/AEM/EDS/ED) allowed demonstrating the two-phase structure of the alloy coating in non-treated, commercially availableGalfansamples: Zn-rich pre-eutectoidηphase grains are surrounded by lamellar eutectics ofβ-Al andη-Zn. The transition layer between the alloy coating and steel substrate with the considerably higher Al content (SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS) has been found in both non-treated and annealed samples (600°C/5 minutes). Only the monoclinic FeAl3Znxphase however was revealed in the annealed sample (TEM/electron diffraction) remaining uncertain the presence of the orthorhombic Fe2Al5Znxphase, reported by several authors.
Examination of Coil Pipe Butt Joint Made of 7CrMoVTiB10-10(T24) Steel After Service
Authors: Golański G. , Gawień P. , Słania J.
Published: July 2012

Examination of Coil Pipe Butt Joint Made of 7CrMoVTiB10-10(T24) Steel After Service

The paper presents the results of examination of coil pipe butt joint made of 7CrMoVTiB10-10 steel (T24). Tested joint was in service for approximately 12 000 hours at the temperature of 540°C and pressure of 5.48MPa. Tests have revealed that the structure of all regions of the homogenous welded joint are correct and without any welding imperfections. Operation of the weld contributed mainly to advantaged precipitation of carbides especially on grain boundaries - frequently in the contact area of three grains' boundaries as well as in the form of continuous network of precipitates. The measurement showed high hardness of the weld, what indicates high stability of the microstructure. It makes possible to find that post-weld heat treatment is indispensable.
Identification and Evaluation of Freckles in Directionally Solidified Casting Made of PWA 1426 Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Chmiela B. , Sozańska M. , Cwajna J.
Published: July 2012

Identification and Evaluation of Freckles in Directionally Solidified Casting Made of PWA 1426 Nickel-Based Superalloy

Manufacturing of modern aero engine turbine blades made of nickel-based superalloys is very complex and expensive. The thrust and performance of new engines must address constantly more demanding requirements. Therefore, turbine blades must be characterised by very good mechanical properties, which is possible only if the blades are free of casting defects. An important innovation has been the launching of directionally solidified (DS) and single crystal (SX) turbine blades. But, manufacturing procedures and the chemical composition of many superalloys promote the formation of casting defects that are characteristic only for directional solidification. One of these defects is freckles. Freckles are small equiaxed grains in the form of long chains parallel to the solidification direction and are located on the surface of the casting. Freckles decrease the mechanical properties of DS and SX blades; therefore, they should be always unambiguously identified to improve the manufacturing process. This work presents the possibilities of identifying and evaluating freckles in DS casting made of PWA 1426 superalloy by combining the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques.
FEM Modelling and Experimental Research of Die Forging of Ni-Mo-Fe Alloy Antenna Components
Authors: Wojtaszek M. , Chyła P. , Śleboda T. , Łukaszek-Sołek A. , Bednarek S.
Published: July 2012

FEM Modelling and Experimental Research of Die Forging of Ni-Mo-Fe Alloy Antenna Components

This work was focused on the design of hot forging process for a selected element of Ni-Mo-Fe alloy. The research included numerical FEM simulation, testing in industrial conditions as well as laboratory tests. The numerical FEM simulation of hot forging of a selected forging was prepared and performed with application of QForm software. Next, the forging tests of the analyzed element were performed in industrial conditions, with application of the parameters used in the numerical simulation. The selected properties of the obtained forging were determined. The metallographic examination was also performed, including microstructure observation as well as the analysis of fractures formed during impact testing of specimens. Chemical composition of the investigated alloy was also examined during SEM-EDS characterization. The results of investigations were compared with the data obtained from FEM simulation, in order to specify the forging process parameters. The research showed, that the parameters of forging of the analyzed alloy assumed in the FEM numerical analysis and then verified in industrial conditions, allowed to produce a good quality product with quite uniform microstructure within its volume. No signs of porosity or micro-shrinkages were observed in the obtained product, what signifies, that the selection of forging parameters for the investigated material allowed to eliminate the casting defects present in the volume of a feedstock. Ni-Mo-Fe alloy product showing the strength and plastic properties allowing its application for the components of antennas was obtained by hot forging.
Message from The Commandant Vol.10(1)
Authors: Rajbhandari Sudarshan Lal
Published: July 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i1.6403
Editorial Vol.10(1)
Authors: Pande Prakash Raj
Published: July 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i1.6404