bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shrinking parallelepiped targets for
$\beta $
-dynamical systems
Authors: HE YUBIN
Published: November 2024

For

$ \beta>1 $

, let

$ T_\beta $

be the

$\beta $

-transformation on

$ [0,1) $

. Let

$ \beta _1,\ldots ,\beta _d>1 $

and let

$ \mathcal P=\{P_n\}_{n\ge 1} $

be a sequence of parallelepipeds in

$ [0,1)^d $

. Define

$$ \begin{align*}W(\mathcal P)=\{\mathbf{x}\in[0,1)^d:(T_{\beta_1}\times\cdots \times T_{\beta_d})^n(\mathbf{x})\in P_n\text{ infinitely often}\}.\end{align*} $$

When each

$ P_n $

is a hyperrectangle with sides parallel to the axes, the ‘rectangle to rectangle’ mass transference principle by Wang and Wu [Mass transference principle from rectangles to rectangles in Diophantine approximation. Math. Ann.381 (2021) 243–317] is usually employed to derive the lower bound for

$\dim _{\mathrm {H}} W(\mathcal P)$

, where

$\dim _{\mathrm {H}}$

denotes the Hausdorff dimension. However, in the case where

$ P_n $

is still a hyperrectangle but with rotation, this principle, while still applicable, often fails to yield the desired lower bound. In this paper, we determine the optimal cover of parallelepipeds, thereby obtaining

$\dim _{\mathrm {H}} W(\mathcal P)$

. We also provide several examples to illustrate how the rotations of hyperrectangles affect

$\dim _{\mathrm {H}} W(\mathcal P)$

.
Elections, War, and Gender: Self-Selection and the Pursuit of Victory
Authors: Chaudoin Stephen , Hummel Sarah , Park Yon Soo
Published: November 2024

Why might female leaders of democratic countries commit more money, equipment, soldiers, and other resources to interstate conflicts than male leaders? We argue that gender bias in the process of democratic election helps explain this behavior. Since running for office is generally more costly for women than for men, only women who place a higher value on winning competitions will choose to run. After election, they also devote more resources to pursuing victory in conflict situations. To provide microfoundational evidence for this claim, we analyze data from an online laboratory game featuring real-time group play in which participants chose to run for election, conducted a simple campaign, and represented their group in a contest game if elected. Women with a higher nonmonetary value to winning were more likely to self-select into candidacy, and when victorious, they spent more resources on intergroup contests than male elected leaders. The data suggest that electoral selection plays an important role in observed differences between male and female leaders in the real world.
Budgetary tracking of food and nutrition security funding in selected Sahel and West Africa regions from 2017 to 2019
Authors: Agbemafle Isaac , Zotor Francis B.
Published: November 2024

The longer-term trend towards decreasing foreign assistance has aroused great interest in tracking domestic funding given that more than half of the anticipated additional funding for nutrition is expected from domestic sources. Given the limited trend analysis of nutrition budgets across developing countries, this review aimed to examine trends in nutrition financing as a proxy of national commitment to nutrition. We explored the programme-based budget allocations and expenditure from 2017 to 2019 in the Chad Republic, Gambia and Ghana for food and nutrition security (FNS) activities in various sectors. The total annual allocations for FNS activities from 2017 to 2019 in the Chad Republic, Gambia and Ghana were €24,796,501, €155,416,112 and €3,299,472,194 of which 93.5%, 15.7% and 100% respectively of allocated funded were expended. The proportion of FNS allocations and expenditure was <5% of the gross domestic product across the three countries. Three-quarters (the Chad Republic and Gambia) and one-quarter (Ghana) of all FNS activities were nutrition-friendly as compared to being nutrition-specific/sensitive. Of the nutrition-specific/sensitive activities, about 9 in 10 were nutrition-sensitive. The main thematic areas of FNS activities were agriculture/food systems, health, education, water, sanitation and hygiene. There were significant resource gaps in FNS budget allocations and expenditure across the three countries making it difficult to establish a consistent domestic funding trend. Resource mobilisation plans to bridge budget implementation gaps for domestic funding are urgently needed to scale-up government commitments toward the attainment of the sustainable development goals in these countries.
Patterns of self-regulation and emotional well-being among Syrian refugee children in Lebanon: An exploratory person-centered approach
Authors: Aber J. Lawrence , Kim Ha Yeon , Wu Zezhen
Published: November 2024

This study explores patterns of self-regulation and emotional well-being among Syrian refugee children in Lebanon, employing a person-centered approach, responding to theoretical challenges articulated by Dante Cicchetti and other psychologists. Using latent profile analysis with data from 2,132 children, we identified seven distinct profiles across cognitive regulation, emotional-behavioral regulation, interpersonal regulation, and emotional well-being. These profiles showed significant heterogeneity in patterns of self-regulation across domains and emotional well-being among Syrian children. Some profiles consistently exhibited either positive (“Well-regulated and Adjusted”) or negative (“Moody and Frustrated”) functioning across all domains, while others revealed domain-specific challenges, e.g., particularly sensitive to interpersonal conflict. This heterogeneity in the organization of self-regulatory skill and emotional well-being challenges the traditional homogeneous view of child development in conflict settings. The study also underscores the profiles’ differential associations with demographic characteristics and experiences, with school-related experiences being particularly salient. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research in developmental psychopathology on self-regulation and emotional well-being in conflict-affected contexts. In addition, we advocate for tailored interventions to meet the diverse needs of children affected by conflict.
When all is at sea: Attachment insecurity as a mediator of risk in Tamil asylum-seeking children
Authors: Ratnamohan Lux , Silove Derrick , Mares Sarah , Krishna Yalini , Thambi Bhiravi , Steel Zachary
Published: November 2024

Limited data exists on the role of attachment in influencing the development and wellbeing of refugee children. Herein we describe patterning and correlates of attachment in an Australian sample of adolescent Tamil refugees. Sixty-eight adolescents, aged 10–18, were assessed for trauma exposure, mental health problems and pattern of attachment. Attachment representations were assessed by discourse analysis of structured attachment interviews. Mothers of the adolescents were assessed for post-migration family stressors, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using self-report measures. Inhbitory A and A+ patterns of attachment predominated. Attachment insecurity was associated with child trauma exposure (β = .417), post-migration family stressors (β = .297) and maternal PTSD (β = .409). Path modeling demonstrated that attachment insecurity mediated associations of child trauma exposure, family stressors and maternal PTSD with child mental health problems, the model yielding adequate fit (Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = .957; standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .066; R2 .449). Our cross-sectional findings suggest that compromised attachment security is one potential mechanism by which the adverse effects of refugee family trauma and adversity are transmitted to children. Resettlement policy and psychosocial services should aim to preserve and/or reestablish attachment security in child-caregiver relationships through policy that reduces family stressors and interventions that bolster parental mental health and caregiver sensitivity.
Bidirectional relation of self-regulation with oppositional defiant disorder symptom networks and moderating role of gender
Authors: Zhang Wenrui , Qiao Lu , Wang Miaomiao , Liu Zaihua , Chi Peilian , Lin Xiuyun
Published: November 2024

Emotion regulation, as a typical “top-down” emotional self-regulation, has been shown to play an important role in children’s oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) development. However, the association between other self-regulation subcomponents and the ODD symptom network remains unclear. Meanwhile, while there are gender differences in both self-regulation and ODD, few studies have examined whether their relation is moderated by gender. Five hundred and four children (age 6–11 years; 207 girls) were recruited from schools with parents and classroom teachers completing questionnaires and were followed up for assessment six months later. Using moderation network analysis, we analyzed the relation between self-regulation and ODD symptoms, and the moderating role of gender. Self-regulation including emotion regulation, self-control, and emotion lability/negativity had broad bidirectional relations with ODD symptoms. In particular, the bidirectional relations between emotion regulation and ODD3 (Defies) and between emotion lability/negativity and ODD4 (Annoys) were significantly weaker in girls than in boys. Considering the important role of different self-regulation subcomponents in the ODD symptom network, ODD is better conceptualized as a self-regulation disorder. Each ODD symptom is associated with different degrees of impaired “bottom-up” and “top-down” self-regulation, and several of the associations vary by gender.
Characterizing the relationship between psychosis and violence in the forensic psychiatric population: a systematic review
Authors: Singh Angad , Pereira William , Birk Sapriya , Kaggwa Mark Mohan , Bradford John M.W. , Chaimowitz Gary , Olagunju Andrew Toyin
Published: November 2024

Objective

The relationship between psychosis and violence is often construed focusing on a narrow panel of factors; however, recent evidence suggests violence might be linked to a complex interplay of biopsychosocial factors among forensic psychiatric patients with psychosis (FPPP). This review describes violence incidents in FPPP, the factors associated with violence, and relevant implications.

Methods

This review was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guideline. Databases, including CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, were searched for eligible studies that examined violence among adult FPPP. Screening of reports and data extraction were completed by at least two independent reviewers.

Results

Across the 29 included studies, violence was consistently related to prior contact with psychiatric services, active psychotic symptoms, impulsivity, adverse experiences, and low social support. However, FPPP who reported violence varied in most other biopsychosocial domains, suggesting the underlying combinatorial effects of multiple risk factors for violence rather than individual factors. Variability in violence was addressed by stratifying FPPP into subgroups using composite/aggregate of identifiable factors (including gender, onset/course of illness, system-related, and other biopsychosocial factors) to identify FPPP with similar risk profiles.

Conclusions

There are multiple explanatory pathways to violence in FPPP. Recent studies identify subgroups with underlying similarities or risk profiles for violence. There is a need for future prospective studies to replicate the clinical utility of stratifying FPPP into subgroups and integrate emerging evidence using recent advancements in technology and data mining to improve risk assessment, prediction, and management.
FURTHER ACCURACY VERIFICATION OF A 2D ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT METHOD USING STEADY FLOW PAST A SQUARE CYLINDER
Authors: LAL R. , LI Z.
Published: November 2024

The study applies a two-dimensional adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method to estimate the coordinates of the locations of the centre of vortices in steady, incompressible flow around a square cylinder placed within a channel. The AMR method is robust and low cost, and can be applied to any incompressible fluid flow. The considered channel has a blockage ratio of

$1/8$

. The AMR is tested on eight cases, considering flows with different Reynolds numbers (

$5\le Re\le 50$

), and the estimated coordinates of the location of the centres of vortices are reported. For all test cases, the initial coarse meshes are refined four times, and the results are in good agreement with the literature where a very fine mesh was used. Furthermore, this study shows that the AMR method can capture the location of the centre of vortices within the fourth refined cells, and further confirms an improvement in the estimation with more refinements.
Measuring income of the aged in household surveys: evidence from linked administrative records
Authors: Dushi Irena , Trenkamp Brad , Bee Charles Adam , Mitchell Joshua W.
Published: November 2024

Household survey estimates of retirement income suffer from substantial underreporting which biases downward measures of elderly financial well-being. Using data from both the 2016 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), matched with administrative records, we examine to what extent underreporting of retirement income affects key statistics: elderly reliance on social security benefits and poverty. We find that retirement income is underreported in both the CPS ASEC and the HRS. Consequently, the relative importance of social security income remains overstated – 53 percent of elderly beneficiaries in the CPS ASEC and 49 percent in the HRS rely on social security for the majority of their incomes compared to 42 percent in the administrative data. The elderly poverty rate is also overstated – 8.8 percent in the CPS ASEC and 7.4 percent in the HRS compared to 6.4 percent in the administrative data.
Electrical Conductivity and Sound Velocities of Talc Under High Pressure and High Temperature Conditions and Application to the Subducting Cocos Plate
Authors: Hao Ming , Pommier Anne , Codillo Emmanuel A. , Walter Michael J. , Cross Andrew J. , Hrubiak Rostislav , Wagner Lara , Thomson Andrew R. , Yang Jing , Backhouse Nicholas
Published: November 2024

Talc is expected to be an important water carrier in Earth's upper mantle, and understanding its electrical and seismic properties under high pressure and temperature conditions is required to detect possible talc‐rich regions in subduction zones imaged using geophysical observations. We conducted acoustic and electrical experiments on natural talc aggregates at relevant pressure‐temperature conditions. Compressional wave velocity (Vp) was measured using ultrasonic interferometry in a Paris‐Edinburgh press at pressures up to 3.4 GPa and temperatures up to 873 K. Similar Vp values are obtained regardless of the initial crystallographic preferred orientation of the samples, which can be explained by talc grain reorientation during the experiment, with the (001) plane becoming perpendicular to the uniaxial compression axis. Electrical conductivity of the same starting material was determined using impedance spectroscopy in a multi‐anvil press up to 6 GPa and 1263 K. Two conductivity jumps are observed, at ∼860–1025 K and ∼940–1080 K, depending on pressure, and interpreted as talc dehydroxylation and decomposition, respectively. Electrical anisotropy is observed at low temperature and decreases with increasing pressure (∼10 at 1.5 GPa and ∼2 at 3.5 GPa). Comparison of acoustic and electrical results with geophysical observations in central Mexico supports the presence of a talc‐bearing layer atop the subducted Cocos plate.
The Radiation Impact of Solar Energetic Particle Events on the Moon: A Statistical Study Using Data‐Based Modeling Results
Authors: Liu Bailiang , Guo Jingnan , Wang Yubao , Dobynde Mikhail I.
Published: November 2024

The Moon lacks a global magnetic field and atmosphere, leaving its surface been directly exposed to high‐energy cosmic radiation. Sporadic Solar Particle Events are sources of a significant radiation exposure, potentially posing serious threats to the health of astronauts exploring the Moon. In this paper, we use the Radiation Environment and Dose at the Moon (REDMoon) model based on GEometry And Tracking (GEANT4) Monte‐Carlo method to calculate the body effective dose induced by 262 large historical SEP events on the Moon under different shielding depths which can result from the lunar regolith shielding and/or additional aluminum shielding. We calculate and compare the contributions of different particles from or produced by SEPs to the total body effective dose. Additionally, we develop empirical functions to rapidly assess SEP‐induced effective dose on the Moon under different shielding scenarios.
Advanced glycation end-products accelerate amyloid deposits in adipocyte’s lipid droplets
Authors: Izgilov Roza , Kislev Nadav , Omari Eman , Benayahu Dafna
Published: November 2024

Adipose tissue dysfunction is central to insulin resistance, and the emergence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with elevated levels of carbonyl metabolites from glucose metabolism. In this study, using methylglyoxal (MGO) and glycolaldehyde (GAD) carbonyl metabolites induced protein glycation, leading to misfolding and β-sheet formation and generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The formed AGEs compromise adipocytes activity. Microscopic and spectroscopic assays were used to examine the impact of MGO and GAD on lipid droplet-associated proteins. The results provide information about how these conditions lead to the appearance of glycated and amyloidogenic proteins formation that hinders metabolism and autophagy in adipocytes. We measured the beneficial effects of metformin (MET), an anti-diabetic drug, on misfolded protein as assessed by thioflavin (ThT) spectroscopy and improved autophagy, determined by LC3 staining. In vitro findings were complemented by in vivo analysis of white adipose tissue (WAT), where lipid droplet-associated β-amyloid deposits were predominantly linked to adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a lipid droplet protein. Bioinformatics, imaging, biochemical and MS/MS methods affirm ATGL’s glycation and its role in β-sheet secondary structure formation. Our results highlighted the pronounced presence of amyloidogenic proteins in adipocytes treated with carbonyl compounds, potentially reshaping our understanding of adipocyte altered activity in the context of T2D. This in-depth exploration offers novel perspectives on related pathophysiology and underscores the potential of adipocytes as pivotal therapeutic targets, bridging T2D, amyloidosis, protein glycation, and adipocyte malfunction.
Rapid modulation of striatal cholinergic interneurons and dopamine release by satellite astrocytes
Authors: Stedehouder Jeffrey , Roberts Bradley M. , Raina Shinil , Bossi Simon , Liu Alan King Lun , Doig Natalie M. , McGerty Kevin , Magill Peter J. , Parkkinen Laura , Cragg Stephanie J.
Published: November 2024

Astrocytes are increasingly appreciated to possess underestimated and important roles in modulating neuronal circuits. Astrocytes in striatum can regulate dopamine transmission by governing the extracellular tone of axonal neuromodulators, including GABA and adenosine. However, here we reveal that striatal astrocytes occupy a cell type-specific anatomical and functional relationship with cholinergic interneurons (ChIs), through which they rapidly excite ChIs and govern dopamine release via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on subsecond timescales. We identify that ChI somata are in unexpectedly close proximity to astrocyte somata, in mouse and human, forming a “soma-to-soma” satellite-like configuration not typically observed for other striatal neurons. We find that transient depolarization of astrocytes in mouse striatum reversibly regulates ChI excitability by decreasing extracellular calcium. These findings reveal a privileged satellite astrocyte-interneuron interaction for striatal ChIs operating on subsecond timescales via regulation of extracellular calcium dynamics to shape downstream striatal circuit activity and dopamine signaling.
Rab7a is an enhancer of TPC2 activity regulating melanoma progression through modulation of the GSK3β/β-Catenin/MITF-axis
Authors: Abrahamian Carla , Tang Rachel , Deutsch Rebecca , Ouologuem Lina , Weiden Eva-Maria , Kudrina Veronika , Blenninger Julia , Rilling Julia , Feldmann Colin , Kuss Solveig , Stepanov Youli , Rosato Anna Scotto , Calvo Guadalupe T. , Soengas Maria S. , Mayr Doris , Fröhlich Thomas , Gudermann Thomas , Biel Martin , Wahl-Schott Christian , Chen Cheng-Chang , Bartel Karin , Grimm Christian
Published: November 2024

Melanoma arising from pigment-producing melanocytes is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Extensive ultraviolet light exposure is a major cause of melanoma and individuals with low levels of melanin are at particular risk. Humans carrying gain-of-function polymorphisms in the melanosomal/endolysosomal two-pore cation channel TPC2 present with hypopigmentation, blond hair, and albinism. Loss of TPC2 is associated with decreased cancer/melanoma proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth and metastasis formation, and TPC2 depleted melanoma cells show increased levels of melanin. How TPC2 activity is controlled in melanoma and the downstream molecular effects of TPC2 activation on melanoma development remain largely elusive. Here we show that the small GTPase Rab7a strongly enhances the activity of TPC2 and that effects of TPC2 on melanoma hallmarks, in vitro and in vivo strongly depend on the presence of Rab7a, which controls TPC2 activity to modulate GSK3β, β-Catenin, and MITF, a major regulator of melanoma development and progression.
Effects of balance training with visual input manipulations on balance performance and sensory integration in healthy young adults: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ketterer Jakob , Gollhofer Albert , Ringhof Steffen , Assländer Lorenz , Granacher Urs , Gehring Dominic
Published: November 2024

Although balance training can improve balance across various populations, the underlying mechanisms, such as how balance training may alter sensory integration, remain unclear. This study examined the effects of balance training with visual input manipulations provided by virtual reality versus conventional balance training on measures of postural sway and sensory integration during balance control. Twenty-two healthy young adults were randomly allocated into a balance training group (BT) or a balance training with virtual reality group (BT + VR). The BT received traditional balance training, while the BT + VR additionally received visual manipulations during the 4-week balance training to elicit sensory conflicts. Static balance was measured in the form of center of pressure (COP) sway speed in trained (eyes open) and untrained (eyes closed) balance conditions. A model-based analysis quantified the sensory integration and feedback characteristics of the balance control mechanism. Herein, the visual weight quantifies the contribution of visual orientation information to balance while the proportional and derivative feedback loop-gains correct for deviations from the desired angular position and angular velocity, respectively. Significant main time effects were observed for the visual sensory contribution to balance (p = 0.002, $$\:{\eta\:}_{p}^{2}$$ = 0.41) and for the derivative feedback loop-gain (p = 0.011, $$\:{\eta\:}_{p}^{2}$$ = 0.29). Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for COP sway speed in the untrained task (p = 0.023, $$\:{\eta\:}_{p}^{2}$$ = 0.23) in favor of BT + VR and in the proportional feedback loop-gain, with reductions only in the BT + VR group (p = 0.043, $$\:{\eta\:}_{p}^{2}$$ = 0.2). BT + VR resulted in larger performance improvements compared with traditional BT in untrained tasks, most likely due to reduced reliance on visual information. This suggests that the systematic modulation of sensory inputs leads to enhanced capacity for motor adaptation in balance training.
Determination of mode strengths in channel waveguide from the complex electric field
Authors: Doughan Isaac , Halder Atri , Reduto Igor , Koivurova Matias , Aalto Timo , Roussey Matthieu , Turunen Jari
Published: November 2024

We show that the mode strengths of a guided field in an arbitrary asymmetric channel waveguide can be uniquely determined from self-referencing interferometric measurements at the exit plane of the waveguide. This requires knowledge of both the amplitude and phase of the complex electric field distribution. Although the amplitude can be obtained from the measured intensity profile easily, the phase retrieval is usually non-trivial. We develop an innovative, alternative and promising technique, where the complex cross-spectral density (CSD) function is measured using a customized wavefront folding interferometer. We then construct the total electric field (complex valued), from which we can determine the strengths of the allowed modes for an asymmetric strip waveguide. Our retrieval algorithm also provides the phase information (intermodal dispersion) associated with each mode, directly from the measured electric field distribution. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate the developed scheme for different in-coupling (butt-coupling) conditions, resulting in different modal strength distributions.
Intestinal NUCB2/nesfatin-1 regulates hepatic glucose production via the MC4R-cAMP-GLP-1 pathway
Authors: Geng Shan , Yang Shan , Tang Xuejiao , Xue Shiyao , Li Ke , Liu Dongfang , Chen Chen , Zhu Zhiming , Zheng Hongting , Wang Yuanqiang , Yang Gangyi , Li Ling , Yang Mengliu
Published: November 2024

Communication of gut hormones with the central nervous system is important to regulate systemic glucose homeostasis, but the precise underlying mechanism involved remain little understood. Nesfatin-1, encoded by nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), a potent anorexigenic peptide hormone, was found to be released from the gastrointestinal tract, but its specific function in this context remains unclear. Herein, we found that gut nesfatin-1 can sense nutrients such as glucose and lipids and subsequently decreases hepatic glucose production. Nesfatin-1 infusion in the small intestine of NUCB2-knockout rats reduced hepatic glucose production via a gut – brain – liver circuit. Mechanistically, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 interacted directly with melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) through its H-F-R domain and increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in the intestinal epithelium, thus inhibiting hepatic glucose production. The intestinal nesfatin-1 -MC4R-cAMP-GLP-1 pathway and systemic gut-brain communication are required for nesfatin-1 - mediated regulation of liver energy metabolism. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of hepatic glucose production control by gut hormones through the central nervous system.
Efficient organic solar cells with benzo[b]phenazine-core acceptors: insights into the effects of halogenation
Authors: Tian Han , Sun Kangbo , Wang Yufei , Chen Zhanxiang , Zhang Guangye , Luo Zhenghui
Published: November 2024

We present three small-molecule acceptors—NA9, NA10, and NA11—based on benzo[b]phenazine. The chlorinated NA10 and brominated NA11 achieve higher PCEs of 15.65% and 16.64%, compared to 11.66% for the non-halogenated NA9.
Visible-light-induced hydroalkylation of alkenes with aromatic β-ketoesters
Authors: Gong Ming , Li Qingrui , Qin Honghong , Fu Haixin , Li Guoping , Li Yabo , Wu Yangjie
Published: November 2024

An environmentally friendly photocatalytic linear selective hydroalkylation of aromatic β-ketoesters with styrenes in ethanol.
Structural landscape studies of aminopyridinium hypodiphosphates: dehydration and polymorphism in 4-aminopyridinium salts
Authors: Budzikur-Maciąg Daria , Kinzhybalo Vasyl , Ślepokura Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

The use of dehydration to obtain a variety of polymorphic forms of anhydrous 4-aminopyridinium hypodiphosphates is reported.
Identifying reactive normal modes and their effect on regioselectivity in Myers–Saito and Schmittel cyclization of enyne–allenes: a combined perspective between the reaction force constant and statistical tools
Authors: Flor-López Andrés F. , Matute Ricardo A. , Jaque Pablo
Published: November 2024

The correlations between the reaction force constant κ(ξ) and the force constant of vibrational modes allow defining the reactive modes of cycloaromatizations in enyne–allene systems.
Plasma-assisted methane conversion to HCN: the prospect and challenges
Authors: Ning Na , Qian Chao , Zhou Shaodong
Published: November 2024

This paper reviews the potential of plasma-assisted CH4 conversion to HCN under mild conditions, highlighting the importance of catalyst–plasma synergy and the need for further research to enhance selectivity and conversion efficiency.
Anharmonicity and lattice thermal conductivity of negative thermal expansion materials Zn(CN)2 and Cd(CN)2 by first-principles calculations
Authors: Sun Ya-Ning , Wang Lei , Wang Cong
Published: November 2024

Cd(CN)2 has a greater percentage of phonon modes with mean free paths (MFPs) shorter than the Ioffe–Regel limit. This may be because the atomic mass of Cd is greater than that of Zn.
Development of a water-soluble ouroboros-like calix[6]arene-trisimidazole-based ligand for enhanced binding of zinc
Authors: Carpentier Romain , Lavendomme Roy , Colasson Benoit , Bartik Kristin , Jabin Ivan
Published: November 2024

An ouroboros-like calix[6]arene-trisimidazole-based ligand was developed for the coordination of zinc in water.
Arctic Tropospheric Ozone Seasonality, Depletion, and Oil Field Influence
Authors: Widmaier Evelyn M , Jensen Andrew R , Pratt Kerri
Published: November 2024

Near-surface tropospheric ozone depletion events (ODEs) occur in the Polar regions during springtime when ozone reacts with bromine radicals, driving tropospheric ozone mole ratios below 15 ppb (part-per-billion; nmol mol-1)....
Defective MZrOx-supported Pt catalysts for catalytic oxidation of glycerol: tailoring oxygen vacancy over the support
Authors: Han Shou-Jiang , Wang Xue , Zhang Bin , Yuan Hong , Liu Hai , Ke Yi-Hu
Published: November 2024

The results presented in this study highlight the role of oxygen vacancies in the partial oxidation of liquid-phase glycerol over Pt catalysts that are supported on solid mixtures with Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn doping.
l-Amino acid ester as a biomimetic reducing agent for the reduction of unsaturated CC bonds
Authors: Ren Ji-Wei , Zhang Qing-Hao , Han Cheng-Shuai , Zhang Huai-Xin , Wang Ya-Bin , Shi Hai-Rui , Sun Jing-Hui , Han Yin-Feng
Published: November 2024

The first example of an efficient protocol for the reduction of disubstituted methyleneindolinones, isoindigos and tetrasubstituted olefins using an l-amino acid ester as an attractive biomimetic reducing agent has been developed.
Simple amination of polystyrene via radical sp3 C–H imination
Authors: Hu Mengnan , He Lizhe , Comito Robert J.
Published: November 2024

We report the mild functionalization of polystyrene with primary amines and other nitrogen groups through sp3 C–H imination.
Preparation of biomass-derived red emission carbon dots for real-time and long-term tracking of cells and tumor growth
Authors: Hu Yuefang , Chen Yuxin , Wei Wenwang , Liu Hanfu
Published: November 2024

Graphic of RCD preparation for long-term noninvasive monitoring of cells and tumor growth.
A series of blue phosphorescent iridium complexes with thermally activated delayed fluorescence and efficiency roll-off properties
Authors: Qin Zheng-Kun , Zhang Yun-Kai , Tian Hui , Pan Zi-Cong , Wang Mei-Qi , Cui Lin , Wang Jin-Yu , Bao Li-Xin , Wang Yu-Hao , Zhang Wan-Yi , Song Ming-Xing
Published: November 2024

Six iridium complexes were designed and studied using the DFT approach, (ppy)2Ir(pic) (1), (f4ppy)2Ir(pic) (2), (ppy)2Ir(tmd) (3), (f4ppy)2Ir(tmd) (4), (ppy)2Ir(tpip) (5) and (f4ppy)2Ir(tpip) (6).
Ru(ii)-catalyzed regioselective oxidative Heck reaction with internal olefins that tolerated strongly coordinating heterocycles
Authors: Chen Ci , Zhang Qiaoya , Huang Zhiwei , Ouyang Wensen , Gao Yang , Luo Jiye , Liu Yuan , Huo Yanping , Chen Qian , Li Xianwei
Published: November 2024

By using imidate esters, oxidative Heck reaction of strongly coordinating heterocycles with internal olefins was achieved with good reactivity and regioselectivity.
Effects of Noise Exposure on Video Ocular Counter Roll Measurements
Authors: Tobener Elizabeth , Doettl Steven , Plyler Patrick , McCaslin Devin , Lewis James
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of noise exposure on otolith function measures of video ocular counter roll (vOCR), ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), cervical VEMP (cVEMP), and subjective visual vertical (SVV). Additionally, this study compared the vOCR results with other otolith function measures: cVEMP, oVEMP, and SVV.

Method:

This was a cross-sectional, between-group prospective study that compared otolith function tests between noise exposure groups. Thirty-three adults between the ages of 40–60 years with no middle ear pathology, history of balance disorder, neurologic pathology, systemic diseases, or receiving ototoxic medications were included in the study. Group 1 included 17 adults (34 ears) with low-risk noise exposure, and Group 2 included 16 adults (32 ears) with high-risk noise exposure. Independent samples
t
tests were used to assess group mean differences for dependent variables. The independent variable was group with two levels (low risk and high risk). The dependent variables were Noise Exposure Structured Interview (NESI) score, vOCR torsion, cVEMP amplitude, oVEMP amplitude, and SVV angle. Additional analyses were completed using Pearson correlation to evaluate the relationship of vOCR to the other otolith function tests and NESI score to the otolith function tests.

Results:

The results indicated significantly decreased vOCR torsion, cVEMP amplitude, and oVEMP amplitude in individuals with high-risk noise exposure compared with those in the low-risk group. Significant correlations were found for NESI scores as well as vOCR and oVEMP measures.

Conclusions:

This study describes the concomitant degeneration of the auditory and vestibular systems from noise exposure affecting otolith function, as measured by audiologic testing and otolith testing. vOCR appears to be sensitive to this degeneration, indicating that vOCR could be used as a vestibular screening measure for patients with noise exposure and/or suspected utricle dysfunction.
Partial alignment between jets and megamasers: Coherent versus selective accretion
Authors: Dotti Massimo , Buscicchio Riccardo , Bollati Francesco , Decarli Roberto , Del Pozzo Walter , Franchini Alessia
Published: November 2024

Spins play a crucial role in the appearance, evolution, and occupation fraction of massive black holes (MBHs). To date, observational estimates of MBH spins are scarce, and the assumptions commonly made in such estimates have recently been questioned. Similarly, theoretical models for MBH spin evolution, while reproducing the few observational constraints, are based on possibly oversimplified assumptions. New independent constraints on MBH spins are therefore of primary importance. We present a rigorous statistical analysis of the relative orientation of radio jets and megamaser disks in ten low-redshift galaxies. We find a strong preference for (partial) alignment between jets and megamaser that can be attributed to two different causes: coherent accretion and selective accretion. In the first case the partial alignment is due to an anisotropy in the gas reservoir fueling the growth of MBHs. In the second case the spin-dependent anisotropic feedback allows long-lived accretion only if the orbits of the gas inflows are almost aligned to the MBH equatorial plane. A discussion of the implications of the two accretion scenarios regarding the evolution of MBHs is presented, together with an outlook on future observational tests aiming at discriminating between the two scenarios and checking whether either applies to different redshifts and black hole mass regimes.
Deep learning image burst stacking to reconstruct high-resolution ground-based solar observations
Authors: Schirninger C. , Jarolim R. , Veronig A. M. , Kuckein C.
Published: November 2024

Context. Large aperture ground-based solar telescopes allow the solar atmosphere to be resolved in unprecedented detail. However, ground-based observations are inherently limited due to Earth’s turbulent atmosphere, requiring image correction techniques.

Aims. Recent post-image reconstruction techniques are based on using information from bursts of short-exposure images. Shortcomings of such approaches are the limited success, in case of stronger atmospheric seeing conditions, and computational demand. Real-time post-image reconstruction is of high importance to enabling automatic processing pipelines and accelerating scientific research. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, we provide a deep learning approach to reconstruct an original image burst into a single high-resolution high-quality image in real time.

Methods. We present a novel deep learning tool for image burst reconstruction based on image stacking methods. Here, an image burst of 100 short-exposure observations is reconstructed to obtain a single high-resolution image. Our approach builds on unpaired image-to-image translation. We trained our neural network with seeing degraded image bursts and used speckle reconstructed observations as a reference. With the unpaired image translation, we aim to achieve a better generalization and increased robustness in case of increased image degradations.

Results. We demonstrate that our deep learning model has the ability to effectively reconstruct an image burst in real time with an average of 0.5 s of processing time while providing similar results to standard reconstruction methods. We evaluated the results on an independent test set consisting of high- and low-quality speckle reconstructions. Our method shows an improved robustness in terms of perceptual quality, especially when speckle reconstruction methods show artifacts. An evaluation with a varying number of images per burst demonstrates that our method makes efficient use of the combined image information and achieves the best reconstructions when provided with the full-image burst.
Recurring tidal disruption events a decade apart in IRAS F01004-2237
Authors: Sun Luming , Jiang Ning , Dou Liming , Shu Xinwen , Zhu Jiazheng , Dong Subo , Buckley David , Bradley Cenko S. , Fan Xiaohui , Gromadzki Mariusz , Liu Zhu , Wang Jianguo , Wang Tinggui , Wang Yibo , Wu Tao , Yang Lei , Zhang Fabao , Zhang Wenjie , Zhang Xiaer
Published: November 2024

Context. In theory, recurring tidal disruption events (TDEs) may occur when a close stellar binary encounters a supermassive black hole, if one star is captured and undergoes repeating partial TDEs, or if both stars are tidally disrupted (double TDEs). In addition, independent TDEs may be observed over decades in some special galaxies where the TDE rate is extremely high. Exploring the diversity of recurring TDEs and probing their natures with rich observational data helps us to understand these mechanisms.

Aims. We report the discovery of a second optical flare that occurred in September 2021 in IRAS F01004-2237, where a first flare that occurred in 2010 had already been reported. We also present a detailed analysis of multi-band data. We aim to understand the nature of the flare and explore the possible causes of the recurring flares.

Methods. We describe our analysis of the position of the flare, the multi-band light curves (LCs), the optical and ultraviolet (UV) spectra, and the X-ray LC and spectra.

Results. The position of the flare coincides with the galaxy centre with a precision of 650 pc. The flare peaks in ∼50 days with an absolute magnitude of ∼ − 21 and fades in two years, roughly following L ∝ t−5/3. It maintains a nearly constant blackbody temperature of ∼22 000 K in later stages. Its optical and UV spectra show hydrogen and helium broad emission lines with full width at half maxima of 7000–21 000 km s−1 and a He II/Hα ratio of 0.3–2.3. It shows weak X-ray emission relative to UV emission, with X-ray flares lasting for < 2 − 3 weeks, during which the spectrum is soft with a power-law index of Γ = 4.4−1.3+1.4. These characters are consistent with a TDE, ruling out the possibilities of a supernova or an active galactic nucleus flare. With a TDE model, we infer a peak UV luminosity of 3.3 ± 0.2 × 1044 erg s−1 and an energy budget of 4.5 ± 0.2 × 1051 erg.

Conclusions. A TDE caused the flare that occurred in 2021. The two optical flares separated by 10.3 ± 0.3 years can be interpreted as repeating partial TDEs, double TDEs, or two independent TDEs. Although no definitive conclusion can be drawn, the partial TDEs interpretation predicts a third flare around 2033, and the independent TDEs interpretation predicts a high TDE rate of ≳10−2 yr−1 in F01004-2237, both of which can be tested by future observations.
Using the equivalent cell temperature for power matrix calculations
Authors: Ellis Hanna , Müllejans Harald , Lyubenova Teodora , Pavanello Diego , Dunlop Ewan D.
Published: November 2024

Performing measurements and compiling a power matrix (IEC 61853-1) is a useful tool for illustrating the energy production of a PV module at different levels of irradiance and temperature. At the European Solar Test Installation (ESTI) a steady-state solar simulator can be used to determine these matrices. The steady-state solar simulator irradiates the PV module from the front side, which heats the module to the desired temperature. However, this causes a temperature difference between the front surface of the module and the rear, where the temperature sensor is attached. This temperature difference, between the measured module temperature (Tm) and the temperature of the cell junction, gives rise to errors. In this paper, a correction procedure according to the determination of the equivalent cell temperature (ECT) of photovoltaic devices by the open-circuit voltage method in IEC 60904-5 is proposed and evaluated. In this study the difference between the Tm and the ECT was determined to about 1 °C to 3 °C, resulting in a deviation of the Pmax value in the power matrix up to about 1.5%, for a monocrystalline PV module.
Research status and prospects of approximate phase structure and quasicrystalline composite materials in Al-Cr based alloys
Authors: Geng Xu , Li Xia , Tian Yuting , Gao Shanchao , Cui Dongwei , Chen Yan
Published: November 2024

Al-Cr alloy quasicrystals represent a novel type of solid material that features distinct structures and properties, offering significant potential for applications and research opportunities. In this paper, the characteristics of various preparation methods of Al-based quasicrystals were summarized, and the corresponding technical means used in the research of different Al-based quasicrystals were categorized. Subsequently, the quasicrystals structure of Al-Cr alloys were described from the point of approximate phases, and the structural parameters of seven types of approximate phases reported to date were summarized. Finally, the physical properties and application research results of Al-Cr-X alloy quasicrystals were analyzed, and the future application direction of Al-Cr-X alloy quasicrystals was prospected. It was suggested that exploring the hydrogen storage capacity of materials in the application of Al-Cr-X quasicrystals could be the main research direction to adapt to the international situation.
La recherche française est-elle prête pour la sobriété ? Les enseignements d’une enquête nationale
Authors: Blanchard Marianne , Bouchet-Valat Milan , Cartron Damien , Greffion Jérôme , Gros Julien
Published: November 2024

Dans quelle mesure une recherche sobre peut-elle advenir ? Cet article considère la propension déclarée des acteurs et actrices du monde de la recherche à réduire leurs pratiques de recherches les plus émettrices de gaz à effet de serre telles que les déplacements en avion ou l’utilisation d’équipements énergivores. Nous nous appuyons pour cela sur les résultats d’une enquête conduite en 2020 auprès de plus de 6 000 répondants. Ceux-ci montrent qu’il existe un consensus fort sur la nécessité de transformer les activités de recherche, ainsi que sur de nombreuses mesures concrètes à appliquer, pour répondre à l’urgence climatique. La sobriété semble cependant plus difficile à envisager au niveau individuel pour les activités qui concernent la collecte et la production de données, ainsi que pour les disciplines aux pratiques les plus émettrices, et les personnes occupant une position dominante dans la recherche.
Körperliche Aktivität und Bewegungstherapie bei somatischer
Belastungsstörung
Authors: Peters Stefan , Kleinschmidt Judit , Köllner Volker
Published: November 2024

Allgemeine körperliche Aktivierung gehört zu den Grundbausteinen in der Therapie somatischer
Belastungsstörungen. Allerdings besteht oft Unklarheit, wie konkrete bewegungstherapeutische
Interventionen aussehen sollten. Für den Einsatz einer supervidierten mehrdimensionalen
Bewegungstherapie gibt es viele gute Argumente.
Chronische Schmerzen – Informationen, Anlaufstellen und Hilfe im
Internet
Authors: de la Fuente Dorian
Published: November 2024

Chronische Schmerzen, somatoforme Störungen, medizinisch unerklärliche Körperbeschwerden, somatische
Belastungsstörungen. Den Überblick hierbei zu behalten, ist gerade für Menschen ohne fachlichen
Hintergrund eine Herausforderung. In Anbetracht der weiten Verbreitung dieser Gesundheitsprobleme, die
das Leben vieler Menschen erheblich beeinträchtigen, sind klare und verständliche Informationen umso
wichtiger.
Somatische Belastungsstörung
Authors: Huber Helene
Published: November 2024

Definitionen, Fakten, Relevantes – die PiD-Essentials fassen die wichtigsten Informationen zum Thema
des Heftes knapp und übersichtlich für Sie zusammen.
Entspannungsverfahren – wissenschaftlich gut evaluiert, klinische Nachhaltigkeit
gering
Authors: Derra Claus
Published: November 2024

Im klinischen Kontext haben die Entspannungsverfahren Autogenes Training (AT) und Progressive
Relaxation (PR) eine jahrzehntelange Tradition. Sie sind ausgesprochen gut standardisiert und können
bei vielen körperlichen und psychischen Störungen angewendet werden. In den letzten Jahren geht der
Trend allerdings zunehmend hin zu komplexerer Stressbeeinflussung wie Achtsamkeit, Yoga, Qigong oder
anderen moderneren Ansätzen der Körpertherapie.
Verhaltensexperimente
Authors: Henrich Dominik
Published: November 2024

Das Konzept des Verhaltensexperiments geht auf das wissenschaftliche Paradigma der Depression zurück, das Beck et al. 1999 erstmals veröffentlichten 1. Ihm liegt die Beobachtung zugrunde, dass die Sicht depressiv Erkrankter auf sich selbst, die Welt und die Zukunft negativ verzerrt ist. Methoden der Kognitiven Therapie zielen darauf ab, diese negativ verzerrte persönliche Weltsicht durch korrigierende Erfahrungen zu verändern. Im Sinne einer „gemeinsamen empirischen Arbeit“ 1, S. 8 dienten Verhaltensexperimente insbesondere der Überprüfung dysfunktionaler Überzeugungen im Lebensalltag. Sie sind ein zentrales Mittel, um Patient*innen von einer rein kognitiven Einsicht in die Möglichkeit alternativer Denkweisen zu einer auch emotional spürbaren Überzeugung von deren Zutreffen zu verhelfen.