bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activity-Aware Wearable System for Power-Efficient Prediction of Physiological Responses
Authors: Starliper Nathan , Mohammadzadeh Farrokh , Songkakul Tanner , Hernandez Michelle , Bozkurt Alper , Lobaton Edgar
Published: January 2019

Wearable health monitoring has emerged as a promising solution to the growing need for remote health assessment and growing demand for personalized preventative care and wellness management. Vital signs can be monitored and alerts can be made when anomalies are detected, potentially improving patient outcomes. One major challenge for the use of wearable health devices is their energy efficiency and battery-lifetime, which motivates the recent efforts towards the development of self-powered wearable devices. This article proposes a method for context aware dynamic sensor selection for power optimized physiological prediction using multi-modal wearable data streams. We first cluster the data by physical activity using the accelerometer data, and then fit a group lasso model to each activity cluster. We find the optimal reduced set of groups of sensor features, in turn reducing power usage by duty cycling these and optimizing prediction accuracy. We show that using activity state-based contextual information increases accuracy while decreasing power usage. We also show that the reduced feature set can be used in other regression models increasing accuracy and decreasing energy burden. We demonstrate the potential reduction in power usage using a custom-designed multi-modal wearable system prototype.
Multi-Band MIMO Antenna Design with User-Impact Investigation for 4G and 5G Mobile Terminals
Authors: Ojaroudi Parchin Naser , Jahanbakhsh Basherlou Haleh , Al-Yasir Yasir I. A. , Ullah Atta , Abd-Alhameed Raed A. , Noras James M.
Published: January 2019

In this study, we propose a design of a multi-band slot antenna array applicable for fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) smartphones. The design is composed of double-element square-ring slot radiators fed by microstrip-line structures for easy integration with radio frequency (RF)/microwave circuitry. The slot radiators are located on the corners of the smartphone printed circuit board (PCB) with an overall dimension of 75 × 150 mm2. The proposed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is designed to meet the requirements of 4G and 5G mobile terminals with essential bandwidth for higher data rate applications. For −10 dB impedance bandwidth, each single-element of the proposed MIMO design can cover the frequency ranges of 2.5–2.7 GHz (long-term evolution (LTE) 2600), 3.45–3.8 GHz (LTE bands 42/43), and 5.00–5.45 GHz (LTE band 46). However, for −6 dB impedance bandwidth, the radiation elements cover the frequency ranges of 2.45–2.82 GHz, 3.35–4.00 GHz, and 4.93–5.73 GHz. By employing the microstrip feed lines at the four different sides of smartphone PCB, the isolation of the radiators has been enhanced and shows better than 17 dB isolation levels over all operational bands. The MIMO antenna is implemented on an FR-4 dielectric and provides good properties including S-parameters, efficiency, and radiation pattern coverage. The performance of the antenna is validated by measurements of the prototype. The simulation results for user-hand/user-head impacts and specific absorption rate (SAR) levels of the antenna are discussed, and good results are achieved. In addition, the antenna elements have the potential to be used as 8-element/dual-polarized resonators.
UWB Localization with Battery-Powered Wireless Backbone for Drone-Based Inventory Management
Authors: Macoir Nicola , Bauwens Jan , Jooris Bart , Van Herbruggen Ben , Rossey Jen , Hoebeke Jeroen , De Poorter Eli
Published: January 2019

Current inventory-taking methods (counting stocks and checking correct placements) in large vertical warehouses are mostly manual, resulting in (i) large personnel costs, (ii) human errors and (iii) incidents due to working at large heights. To remedy this, the use of autonomous indoor drones has been proposed. However, these drones require accurate localization solutions that are easy to (temporarily) install at low costs in large warehouses. To this end, we designed a Ultra-Wideband (UWB) solution that uses infrastructure anchor nodes that do not require any wired backbone and can be battery powered. The resulting system has a theoretical update rate of up to 2892 Hz (assuming no hardware dependent delays). Moreover, the anchor nodes have an average current consumption of only 27 mA (compared to 130 mA of traditional UWB infrastructure nodes). Finally, the system has been experimentally validated and is available as open-source software.
Experimental Investigation on Interfacial Defect Criticality of FRP-Confined Concrete Columns
Authors: Qin Renyuan , Lau Denvid , Tam Lik-ho , Liu Tiejun , Zou Dujian , Zhou Ao
Published: January 2019

Defects between fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and repaired concrete components may easily come out due to misoperation during manufacturing, environmental deterioration, or impact from external load during service life. The defects may cause a degraded structure performance and even the unexpected structural failure. Different non-destructive techniques (NDTs) and sensors have been developed to assess the defects in FRP bonded system. The information of linking up the detected defects by NDTs and repair schemes is needed by assessing the criticality of detected defects. In this study, FRP confined concrete columns with interfacial defects were experimentally tested to determine the interfacial defect criticality on structural performance. It is found that interfacial defect can reduce the FRP confinement effectiveness, and ultimate strength and its corresponding strain of column deteriorate significantly if the interfacial defect area is larger than 50% of total confinement area. Meanwhile, proposed analytical model considering the defect ratio is validated for the prediction of stress–strain behavior of FRP confined columns. The evaluation of defect criticality could be made by comparing predicted stress–strain behavior with the original design to determine corresponding maintenance strategies.
Constrained Unscented Particle Filter for SINS/GNSS/ADS Integrated Airship Navigation in the Presence of Wind Field Disturbance
Authors: Gao Zhaohui , Mu Dejun , Zhong Yongmin , Gu Chengfan
Published: January 2019

Due to the disturbance of wind field, it is difficult to achieve precise airship positioning and navigation in the stratosphere. This paper presents a new constrained unscented particle filter (UPF) for SINS/GNSS/ADS (inertial navigation system/global navigation satellite system/atmosphere data system) integrated airship navigation. This approach constructs a wind speed model to describe the relationship between airship velocity and wind speed using the information output from ADS, and further establishes a mathematical model for SINS/GNSS/ADS integrated navigation. Based on these models, it also develops a constrained UPF to obtain system state estimation for SINS/GNSS/ADS integration. The proposed constrained UPF uses the wind speed model to constrain the UPF filtering process to effectively resist the influence of wind field on the navigation solution. Simulations and comparison analysis demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve optimal state estimation for SINS/GNSS/ADS integrated airship navigation in the presence of wind field disturbance.
Attitude Angle Compensation for a Synchronous Acquisition Method Based on an MEMS Sensor
Authors: Tian Huanhuan , Liu Yixiao , Zhou Jiqin , Wang Ying , Wang Jing , Zhang Weigong
Published: January 2019

As a new type of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) inertial sensor, the Quartz Vibrating Beam Accelerometer (QVBA) is widely used in intelligent sweeping robots, small aircraft, navigation systems, etc. For these applications, correcting and compensating the attitude angle with the result of acceleration plays an important role to improve the measurement accuracy. The synchronization error between the measurement of the accelerometer and gyroscope attitude angle has an adverse impact on the accuracy of the attitude angle. In this paper, a synchronous acquisition scheme of the accelerometer and gyroscope attitude angle in a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is proposed. At the same time, to improve the sampling accuracy and the conversion speed of QVBA, an improved equal-precision frequency measuring method is also implemented in this paper. The hardware float point unit (FPU) is used to accelerate the calculation of the frequency measurement value. The long-term cumulative error of the frequency measurement value is less than 10 − 4 . The calculation process time from sampling to attitude angle compensation calculation is reduced by 40.8%. This work has played a very good role in improving the measurement accuracy and speed of the SINS.
Sustainability of Cooperative Professional Development: Focused on Teachers’ Efficacy
Authors: Choi Jaewoo , Kang Woonsun
Published: January 2019

In this study, we aim to gain critical insights into how cooperative professional development affects teachers’ efficacy. To this end, the purpose of this study is to identify cooperative professional development types (CPD-type) and to reveal the relationship between CPD-type and teachers’ efficacy in Korean middle schools, controlling for gender, age, years of experience and school climate. The data of this study are derived from the 2013 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) conducted by the OECD. The K-mean cluster analysis was used to identify distinct clusters of middle school teachers based on CPD. This process identified four specific groups: the disengaged group (36.8%), the collaborative group (11.3%), the activity-focused group (24.8%), and the coordinative group (27.1%). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that all dummy variables of CPD-type were statistically significant, controlling for gender, age, years of experience, and school climate. Comparing the relative importance of each variable on teachers’ efficacy, the CPD1 (1 = the collaborative group) variable was most important. The results of this study provide a rationale for teachers to participate in collaborative professional development actively.
How One Rural Community in Transition Overcame Its Island Status: The Case of Heckenbeck, Germany
Authors: Grewer Janes , Keck Markus
Published: January 2019

In the public debate, sustainable innovations are mostly associated with urban contexts, whereas rural areas are rarely seen as potentially creative sites. In contrast to this widespread suggestion, however, recent studies show that rural communities can also play a pivotal role in generating sustainable solutions. Yet, the transformative potentials of villages often remain socially limited to pioneers’ personal networks and spatially restricted to insulated places. In this context the question arises of how rural communities in transition to sustainability can overcome their island-status to develop transformative potentials. In order to answer this question, we take the example of Heckenbeck, a village located in southern Lower Saxony (Germany), as a case and examine the social interactions and networks that exist between local sustainability niches and the socio-technical regime. By applying socio-technical transition theory in a multi-scalar perspective, our study illustrates how a group of niche actors has accomplished to effectively transform the local regime by spreading their ideas among their fellow village members and to put pressure on the regional regime by using windows of opportunity created in the socio-technical landscape to build multifaceted social networks to various sectors of society. The case provides lessons learnt and discusses possibilities and limits to transfer these lessons to other contexts.
ACCESS: Ground-based Optical Transmission Spectroscopy of the Hot Jupiter WASP-4b
Authors: Bixel Alex , Rackham Benjamin V. , Apai Dániel , Espinoza Néstor , López-Morales Mercedes , Osip David , Jordán Andrés , McGruder Chima , Weaver Ian
Published: January 2019

We present an optical transmission spectrum of the atmosphere of WASP-4b obtained through observations of four transits with Magellan/IMACS, as part of the Arizona-CfA-Católica-Carnegie Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey (ACCESS). Using a Bayesian approach to atmospheric retrieval, we find no evidence for scattering or absorption features in our transit spectrum. Our models include a component to model the transit light source effect (spectral contamination from unocculted spots on the stellar photosphere), which we show can have a marked impact on the observed transmission spectrum for reasonable spot-covering fractions (<5%); this is the first such analysis for WASP-4b. We are also able to fit for the size and temperature contrast of spots observed during the second and third transits, finding evidence for both small, cool and large, warm spot-like features on the photosphere. Finally, we compare our results to those published by Huitson et al. using Gemini/GMOS and May et al. using IMACS, and we find that our data are in agreement.
ALMA Observations of the Protostellar Disk around the VeLLO IRAS 16253–2429
Authors: Hsieh Tien-Hao , Hirano Naomi , Belloche Arnaud , Lee Chin-Fei , Aso Yusuke , Lai Shih-Ping
Published: January 2019

We present ALMA long-baseline observations toward the Class 0 protostar IRAS 16253–2429 (hereafter IRAS 16253) with a resolution down to 0.″12 (∼15 au). The 1.3 mm dust continuum emission has a deconvolved Gaussian size of

(20 au × 8.8 au), likely tracing an inclined dusty disk. Interestingly, the position of the 1.38 mm emission is offset from that of the 0.87 mm emission along the disk minor axis. Such an offset may come from a torus-like disk with very different optical depths between these two wavelengths. Furthermore, through CO (2 − 1) and C18O (2 − 1) observations, we study rotation and infall motions in this disk–envelope system and infer the presence of a Keplerian disk with a radius of 8–32 au. This result suggests that the disk could have formed by directly evolving from a first core, because IRAS 16253 is too young to gradually grow a disk to such a size considering the low rotation rate of its envelope. In addition, we find a quadruple pattern in the CO emission at low velocity, which may originate from CO freeze out at the disk/envelope midplane. This suggests that the “cold disk” may appear in the early stage, implying a chemical evolution for the disk around this proto-brown dwarf (or very-low-mass protostar) different from that of low-mass stars.
The Origins of Young Stars in the Direction of the Leading Arm of the Magellanic Stream: Abundances, Kinematics, and Orbits*
Authors: Zhang Lan , Casetti-Dinescu Dana I. , Bidin Christian Moni , Méndez Réne A. , Girard Terrence M. , Vieira Katherine , Korchagin Vladimir I. , van Altena William F. , Zhao Gang
Published: January 2019

We explore the origins of the young B-type stars found by Casetti-Dinescu et al. at the outskirts of the Milky Way disk in the sky region of the Leading Arm of the Magellanic Stream. High-resolution spectroscopic observations made with the MIKE instrument on the Magellan Clay 6.5 m telescope for nine stars are added to the previous sample analyzed by Zhang et al. We compile a sample of 15 young stars with well-determined stellar types, ages, abundances, and kinematics. With proper motions from Gaia DR2 we also derive orbits in a realistic Milky Way potential.We find that our previous radial-velocity-selected Leading Arm candidates have substantial orbital angular momentum. The substantial amount of rotational component for these stars is in contrast with the near-polar Magellanic orbit, thus making it unlikely that these stars are members of the Leading Arm. There are four large-orbital-energy stars in our sample. The star with the highest orbital energy has an age shorter than the time to disk crossing, with a birthplace z = 2.5 kpc and R
GC ∼ 28 kpc. Therefore, the origin of this star is uncertain. The remaining three stars have disk runaway origins with birthplaces between 12 and 25 kpc from the Galactic center. Also, the most energetic stars are more metal-poor ([Mg/H] = −0.50 ± 0.07) and have larger He scatter (σ
[He/H] = 0.72) than the inner-disk ones ([Mg/H] = 0.12 ± 0.36, σ
[He/H] = 0.15). While the former group’s abundance is compatible with that of the Large Magellanic Cloud, it could also reflect the metallicity gradient of the Milky Way disk and the group;s runaway status via different runaway mechanisms.
The Quick and the Dead: Finding the Surviving Binary Companions of Galactic Supernovae with Gaia
Authors: Fraser Morgan , Boubert Douglas
Published: January 2019

We use Gaia Data Release 2 to search for possible surviving binary companions to three of the best-studied historical Milky Way core-collapse supernovae. Consistent with previous work, we find there to be no plausible binary companion to either the Crab or Cas A supernovae. For the first time, we present a systematic search for a former companion to the Vela supernova, and rule out essentially any surviving luminous (>L
⊙) companion. Based on parallax and proper motion, we identify a faint source (Star A; Gaia Source ID 5521955992667891584) that is kinematically consistent with being a former binary companion to the Vela SN progenitor. However, the inferred absolute magnitude of this source is extremely faint, raising the possibility that it may in fact be a background interloper. In addition, we derive a new distance (

kpc) to the Crab SN based on the Gaia parallax measurements, which is significantly further than the 2 kpc distance typically adopted. Finally, we demonstrate that Gaia can be used to measure the secular decline in the luminosity of the Crab pulsar, and provide a new test of pulsar models.
IRIS Observations of Magnetic Interactions in the Solar Atmosphere between Preexisting and Emerging Magnetic Fields. II. UV Emission Properties
Authors: Guglielmino Salvo L. , Young Peter R. , Zuccarello Francesca
Published: January 2019

Multiwavelength ultraviolet (UV) observations by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph satellite in active region NOAA 12529 have recently pointed out the presence of long-lasting brightenings, akin to UV bursts, and simultaneous plasma ejections occurring in the upper chromosphere and transition region during secondary flux emergence. These signatures have been interpreted as evidence of small-scale, recurrent magnetic reconnection episodes between the emerging flux region (EFR) and the preexisting plage field. Here we characterize the UV emission of these strong, intermittent brightenings and study the surge activity above the chromospheric arch filament system (AFS) overlying the EFR. We analyze the surges and the cospatial brightenings observed at different wavelengths. We find an asymmetry in the emission between the blue and red wings of the Si iv
λ1402 Å and Mg ii
k
λ2796.3 lines, which clearly outlines the dynamics of the structures above the AFS that form during the small-scale eruptive phenomena. We also detect a correlation between the Doppler velocity and skewness of the Si iv
λλ1394 and 1402 line profiles in the UV burst pixels. Finally, we show that genuine emission in the Fe xii
λ1349.4 line is cospatial to the Si iv brightenings. This definitely reveals a pure coronal counterpart to the reconnection event.
ALMA Observations of the ρ Ophiuchus B2 Region. I. Molecular Outflows and Their Driving Sources
Authors: Kamazaki Takeshi , Nakamura Fumitaka , Kawabe Ryohei , Hara Chihomi , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Hirano Naomi , Francesco James Di , Friesen Rachel , Tamura Motohide
Published: January 2019

We present the results of ALMA mosaic observations of dust continuum and 12CO (J = 2−1), 13CO (J = 2−1), and C18O (J = 2−1) molecular lines toward the ρ Ophiuchus B2 region. The 1.3 mm dust continuum image made from the combined 12 and 7 m array data reveals not only the dense cores identified by past single-dish observations but also their detailed internal substructures. The 12CO (J = 2−1) images show very complex structures of protostellar outflows. They suggest that the gigantic outflow lobes in Oph B2 are presumably driven at least by two protostars, EL 32 and EL 33. We do not detect clear high-velocity components associated with the Class I protostar SST c2d J162730.9−242733 and the flat-spectrum object SST c2d J162721.8−242727. In addition, we find interesting striations with 15″ (≈2000 au) separations in both the 12CO and 13CO channel maps. The CO striations appear to be roughly parallel to the magnetic field direction, and we speculate that the directions of the striations may follow the magnetic field in the envelope of Oph B2.
Archaeognatha of Canada
Authors: Bowser Matthew L.
Published: January 2019

Current knowledge of the Canadian bristletail (Archaeognatha) fauna is summarized and compared with Tomlin’s 1979 chapter on the group in Canada and Its Insect Fauna. Since that time the number of species known from Canada has increased from three to eight. While much work remains to be done to document an estimated eight additional species from Canada, this can be accomplished using an integrated approach.
Solifugae of Canada
Authors: Cushing Paula E. , Brookhart Jack O.
Published: January 2019

The Solfugae fauna of Canada includes three known species:EremobatesdocoloraBrookhart and Muma,E.scaber(Kraepelin), andHemerotrechadenticulataMuma. It is expected that as many as four additional species may be found in Canada. Only one Barcode Index Number is currently known from Canadian specimens.
Araneae of Canada
Authors: Bennett Robb , Blagoev Gergin , Copley Claudia
Published: January 2019

In 1979 nearly 1400 spider species in 32 families either had been recorded (1249) or were believed to occur (~140) in Canada. Twenty years later, although significant progress had been made in survey efforts in some regions, Canada’s spider inventory had only increased by approximately 7% to roughly 1500 species known or expected to occur. The family count had increased to 38 but only two additions were truly novel (five family additions and one family deletion were the result of advances in family-level systematics). The first comprehensive taxonomic checklist of Canadian spider species was published in 2010 documenting the regional distributions of 1376 species representing 42 families (three novel since 1999). From 2010 through 2017 new national records steadily accumulated resulting in the current (2018) Canadian inventory of 1477 species classified in 45 families (one novel since 2010). Although there has been close to a 20% increase in the number of spider species recorded in Canada since 1979, much greater increases have occurred in some of the regional species checklists, indicating increasing knowledge of the regional distribution of species previously recorded elsewhere in Canada. For example the regional checklists for Newfoundland, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island have increased by 69%, 339%, and 520%, respectively. The national and regional increases reflect significant advances in the first two decades of the 21stCentury in spider faunistics research in previously under-sampled habitats and regions and the development of molecular techniques and consequent barcoding of spiders. Of the 1477 species recorded in Canada, 92% have been successfully DNA barcoded resulting in 1623 unique Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). At least 25 of the BINs are associated with relatively easily distinguished but undescribed morpho-species. The majority, however, appear to indicate the existence of many cryptic species within Canada’s known spider fauna. These data, coupled with the fact that novel Canadian or even Nearctic spider species records (including of undescribed species) continue to accumulate annually (especially in habitat-diverse regions such as British Columbia), suggest that Canada’s tally of spider species may approach or even exceed 1800.
Hemiptera of Canada
Authors: Foottit Robert G. , Maw H. Eric L. , Kits Joel H. , Scudder Geoffrey G. E.
Published: January 2019

The Canadian Hemiptera (Sternorrhyncha, Auchenorrhyncha, and Heteroptera) fauna is reviewed, which currently comprises 4011 species, including 405 non-native species. DNA barcodes available for Canadian specimens are represented by 3275 BINs. The analysis was based on the most recent checklist of Hemiptera in Canada (Maw et al. 2000) and subsequent collection records, literature records and compilation of DNA barcode data. It is estimated that almost 600 additional species remain to be discovered among Canadian Hemiptera.
Thysanoptera of Canada
Authors: Foottit Robert G. , Maw H. Eric L.
Published: January 2019

The known Canadian Thysanoptera fauna currently consists of 147 species, including 28 non-native species, and there are five additional species found only indoors. DNA barcoding data, presence of species in adjacent regions, and preliminary evidence of the presence of host-associated cryptic species suggest that there may be as many as 255 additional species awaiting discovery or description in Canada.
Hymenoptera of Canada
Authors: Bennett Andrew M.R. , Sheffield Cory S. , deWaard Jeremy R.
Published: January 2019

A summary of the numbers of species of the 83 families of Hymenoptera recorded in Canada is provided. In total, 8757 described species are recorded compared to approximately 6000 in 1979, which is a 46% increase. Of the families recognized in 1979, three have been newly recorded to Canada since the previous survey: Anaxyelidae (Anaxyleoidea), Liopteridae (Cynipoidea), and Mymarommatidae (Mymarommatoidea). More than 18,400 BINs of Canadian Hymenoptera are available in the Barcode of Life Data Systems (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007) implying that nearly 9650 undescribed or unrecorded species of Hymenoptera may be present in Canada (and more than 10,300 when taking into account additional species that have not been DNA barcoded). The estimated number of unrecorded species is very similar to that of 1979 (10,637 species), but the percentage of the fauna described/recorded has increased from 36% in 1979 to approximately 45% in 2018. Summaries of the state of knowledge of the major groups of Hymenoptera are presented, including brief comments on numbers of species, biology, changes in classification since 1979, and relevant taxonomic references.
Trps1-deficient transplanted skin gave rise to a substantial amount of hair: Trps1 is unnecessary for hair development
Authors: Zhang Yingzhe , Nakamura Tomoyuki , Furukawa Fukumi , Muragaki Yasuteru
Published: January 2019

Trps1 is considered as an important gene involved in the interactions between the epithelial and mesenchymal cells during hair follicle morphogenesis. The number of hair follicles in Trps1 Knockout (KO) newborn mouse skin was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) newborn skin. To gain insight into the functional role of Trps1 in hair development, we transplanted Trps1 KO newborn mouse skin on the backs of nude mice and examined hair growth at day 42 after transplantation. Surprisingly, transplanted skin from Trps1 KO newborn mice gave rise to a substantial amount of hair, although the hair was softer than that of WT mice. Histological examination revealed that the diameter of both hair follicles and hair shafts were significantly lower, whereas the density of hair follicles showed no significant difference between the Trps1 KO and WT mice. We introduce mouse hair follicles as a fascinating model to study the functions of Trps1 in mouse hair growth and pathology. This model suggests that the function of Trps1 is unnecessary for the development of normal hair follicles and hair shafts, although the loss of Trps1 affects the diameters of hair follicles and hair shaft.
Theology of religions: Models for interreligious dialogue in South Africa
Authors: Freeman Tessa
Published: January 2019

No abstract available
Revolutionaries for the Right
Authors: Burke Kyle
Published: January 2019

Freedom fighters. Guerrilla warriors. Soldiers of fortune. The many civil wars and rebellions against communist governments drew heavily from this cast of characters. Yet from Nicaragua to Afghanistan, Vietnam to Angola, Cuba to the Congo, the connections between these anticommunist groups have remained hazy and their coordination obscure. Yet as Kyle Burke reveals, these conflicts were the product of a rising movement that sought paramilitary action against communism worldwide. Tacking between the United States and many other countries, Burke offers an international history not only of the paramilitaries who started and waged small wars in the second half of the twentieth century but of conservatism in the Cold War era. From the start of the Cold War, Burke shows, leading U.S. conservatives and their allies abroad dreamed of an international anticommunist revolution. They pinned their hopes to armed men, freedom fighters who could unravel communist states from within. And so they fashioned a global network of activists and state officials, guerrillas and mercenaries, ex-spies and ex-soldiers to sponsor paramilitary campaigns in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Blurring the line between state-sanctioned and vigilante violence, this armed crusade helped radicalize right-wing groups in the United States while also generating new forms of privatized warfare abroad.
An adaptation of the CO2 slicing technique for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer to obtain the height of tropospheric volcanic ash clouds
Authors: Taylor Isabelle A. , Carboni Elisa , Ventress Lucy J. , Mather Tamsin A. , Grainger Roy G.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Ash clouds are a geographically far reaching hazard associated with volcanic eruptions. To minimise the risk that these pose to aircraft and to limit disruption to the aviation industry, it is important to closely monitor the emission and atmospheric dispersion of these plumes. The altitude of the plume is an important consideration and is an essential input into many models of ash cloud propagation. CO2 slicing is an established technique for obtaining the top height of meteorological clouds and previous studies have demonstrated that there is potential for this method to be used for volcanic ash. In this study, the CO2 slicing technique has been adapted for volcanic ash and applied to spectra obtained from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). Simulated ash spectra are first used to select the most appropriate channels and then demonstrate that the technique has merit for determining the altitude of the ash. These results indicate a strong match between the true heights and CO2 slicing output with a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 800 m. Following this, the technique was applied to spectra obtained with IASI during the Eyjafjallajökull and Grimsvötn eruptions in 2010 and 2011 respectively, both of which emitted ash clouds into the troposphere, and which have been extensively studied with satellite imagery. The CO2 slicing results were compared against those from an optimal estimation scheme, also developed for IASI, and a satellite borne LiDAR is used for validation. Overall, the CO2 slicing tool performs better than the optimal estimation scheme. The CO2 slicing heights returned a RMSE value of 2.2 km when compared against the LiDAR. This is lower than the RMSE for the optimal estimation scheme (2.8 km). The CO2 slicing technique is a relatively fast tool and the results suggest that this method could be used to get a first approximation of the ash cloud height, potentially for use for hazard mitigation, or as an input for other retrieval techniques or models of ash cloud propagation.
Decrease of total electron content during the 9 March 2016 total solar eclipse observed at low latitude stations, Indonesia
Authors: Srigutomo Wahyu , Singarimbun Alamta , Meutia Winda , Djaja I Gede Putu Fadjar Soerya , Muslim Buldan , Abadi Prayitno
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The total solar eclipse on 9 March 2016 was a rare phenomenon that could be observed in 12 provinces in Indonesia. The decline in solar radiation to the earth during a total solar eclipse affects the amount of electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere. The ionospheric dynamics during the eclipse above Indonesia have been studied using data from 40 GPS stations distributed throughout the archipelago. It was observed that TEC decrease occurred over Indonesia during the occurrence of the total eclipse. This TEC decrease did not instigate ionoshperic scintillation. Moreover, the relationship between eclipse magnitude and TEC decrease throughout three GPS stations was analysed using PRN 24 and PRN 12 codes. Data analysis from each station reveals that the time required by the TEC to achieve maximum reduction since the initial contact of the eclipse is faster than the recovery time. The maximum TEC reduction came about several minutes after the maximum obscuration indicating that the recombination process was still ongoing even though the peak of the eclipse had happened. The magnitude of this decline is positively correlated with the geographical location of the stations and the relative satellite trajectory with respect to the total solar eclipse trajectory. The amount of TEC reduction is proportional to the magnitude of the eclipse which is directly related to the photoionization process. Because Indonesia is located in a low latitude magnetic equator region, the dynamics of the ionosphere above it is more complex due to the fountain effect. During the solar eclipse, the fountain effect declines disturbing the plasma transport from the magnetic equator to low latitude regions.
What Happened to the Motley Crew?
Authors: Harris Laura
Published: January 2019

In this chapter I examine James’s and Oiticica’s “discovery” of what I conceive of to be the active remains of the motley crew in the aesthetic sociality of blackness. I explore the claim they each make on it, on its modes of composition, arrangement and assembly, and the claim it makes on them, by way of some of their early experiments—James’s Minty Alley, the novel he wrote in Trinidad as an “exercise,” and Oiticica’s Parangolé, the banners, tents and capes whose activation would constitute what he would come to describe, through a phrase he adopts from Brazilian art critic Mário Pedrosa, as an “experimental exercise of freedom.” Both claim the aesthetic sociality of blackness by “appropriating” elements of the creative practices they encountered, the spectacular performance of cricket and samba and the more quotidian performances connected to them, the forms of assembly that James observed in conversations in the barrack-yards and that Oiticica observed in the architecture of the favelas. I look at the ways their claims take shape in these early works and the way the counterclaim of that sociality opens up those shapes, using it as a vehicle for its own expression, one that can’t quite be contained by the works themselves or the gesture of appropriation.
Temperate Media: Ephemera and Performance in the Making of Mass Culture
Authors: Zieger Susan
Published: January 2019

Chapter one identifies the temperance movement as a significant and neglected origin of mass printing and distribution, mass rallies and festivities, and the dynamic relation between them. Traveling booksellers opened new networks throughout Britain and the U.S., pointing consumers toward sober spaces and “experience” meetings in which reformed drunkards told their stories. The movement’s most successful activity, the administration of a pledge not to drink, recruited thousands – sometimes, tens of thousands -- at a time. Every pledge-taker received a card resembling a modern diploma, or a medal or printed ribbon, to memorialize his or her commitment. Charged with affect, this ephemera memorialized the live event, resurrecting its intensive collective feeling in moments of later struggle. Like the ephemera, the performances of the transatlantic celebrity temperance orator, John B. Gough, famous for his ability to generate intense feeling in his mass audiences, shaped auratic rituals. The movement’s aesthetics of sobriety, shaped by a counter-aesthetic of intoxication, helped organize the affective responses of its consumers.
“A Form of Reverie, a Malady of Dreaming”: Dorian Gray, Personality, and Mass Culture
Authors: Zieger Susan
Published: January 2019

How does one fashion an authentic self out of mass-produced ideas, styles, and materials? Chapter five assesses a tremendously influential, extended answer to this question, Oscar Wilde’s novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891). Building on recent work linking the novel to new nineteenth-century media such as photography and cinema, the chapter interprets Dorian Gray as caught in the mass media consumer’s dilemma. Two key terms govern this dilemma, reverie and personality. Wilde represented Dorian’s reverie as an embodied, material activity of self-fashioning through mass print culture. Dorian then re-circulates the cultural information he has consumed in the form of his personality, a signature term in Wilde’s writings, a revitalized concept in mass culture and psychology at the century’s end, and a word tied to the novel’s textual history of gay censorship. Prevented from representing gay desire as clearly in the book edition as he had in the Lippincott’s version, Wilde published a novel full of queerly coded signs that nevertheless assembled a new community within its mass readership.
The Challenge of the Pacific
Authors: Vecoli Rudolph J. , Durante Francesco
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on Celso Cesare Moreno's failed Pulau Weh project during his voyage to North America that commenced in 1868. It first considers the various reactions to Moreno's presence in America before discussing his efforts to sell Pulau Weh, an island off the northeast coast of Sumatra for which he claimed ownership, to the U.S. government. It then examines Moreno's 1869 publication of the pamphlet American Interests in Asia in which he cast Asia and most of the ethnic groups there—particularly the Chinese—in a positive light. It also describes Moreno's attempt to engage America in the economic development of China and his proposed transpacific submarine cable between America and Asia. Finally, it explains why Moreno was unable to realize his two objectives: the sale of his Pacific island or the construction of the transpacific cable.
The Little Italian Slaves
Authors: Vecoli Rudolph J. , Durante Francesco
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines Celso Cesare Moreno's crusade in defense of those he referred to as “the Italian slave children,” albeit with an ulterior motive. It first considers child labor in Italy and the plight of very young Italian street musicians, focusing on initiatives to ameliorate their conditions by individuals such as Ferdinando De Luca, the Consul General of Italy in New York, author Giuseppe Guerzoni, and Moreno himself. It then analyzes Moreno's criticism of De Luca and his publicity and lobbying campaign against Italian child slavery, using the New York Times as his primary tool and enlisting the support of two people best identified with the abolitionist cause: Senator Charles Sumner and Frederick Douglas. The chapter also discusses the so-called “Moreno bill,” introduced by Sumner in the Senate in January 1874, and its impact on the campaign to eliminate the presence of the wandering child musicians in Italy.
The Enchanter of Hawaii
Authors: Vecoli Rudolph J. , Durante Francesco
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines Celso Cesare Moreno's role in the political crisis that culminated in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. It first provides a background on the history of the Kingdom of Hawaii and describes its political situation upon Moreno's arrival in 1879. It then considers Moreno's alliance with David Kalākaua, king of Hawaii, and how the animosity between Moreno and the American ambassador, James M. Comly, helped precipitate a political upheaval in the kingdom. It also discusses Moreno's attempt to secure a subsidy from the Kingdom for his steamship line, the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company (CMSNC), before concluding with an analysis of the constitutional crisis that erupted in 1880 after Kalākaua suspended the legislature, formed a new cabinet, and appointed Moreno prime minister and minister of foreign affairs.
The Sunset Road
Authors: Vecoli Rudolph J. , Durante Francesco
Published: January 2019

This chapter discusses Celso Cesare Moreno's later life, focusing on his decline as a public personality. From 1894, Moreno, now living in the United States, experienced the most difficult period of his life. He had to retreat to a more subdued existence, although he continued to frequent places of power such as Congress. This chapter considers Moreno's activities and some of the issues in which he was involved during his remaining years, including those concerning Italian Americans and his testimony in the House Committee on Territories in January 1899 about the issue of Hawaii's “Crown lands.” It also examines Moreno's initial support for Robert William Wilcox's candidacy for governor of Hawaii, how he turned against the latter on the eve of the elections, and his smear campaign against Wilcox after the elections. Finally, it describes the newspapers' reactions to Moreno's death on March 10, 1901.
The Autonomous Portrait
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

The only words of Rembrandt’s that we know are these: I have done nothing but portraits.

—Matisse, Écrits et propos sur l’art

A portrait, according to the standard definition or description, is the representation of a person considered for him-or herself. This definition is as correct as it is straightforward. All the same, it is far from being sufficient. It defines a function or a finality, that of representing a person for him-or herself and ...
Resemblance
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

It gradually becomes clear that a portrait does not resemble because it looks like a face; rather resemblance begins and exists only with the portrait and in it alone; resemblance is the portrait’s work, its glory or its disgrace, expressing the fact that the face is not there, that it is absent, that it only appears by way of the absence that resemblance precisely is....
Mimesis
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

A portrait presents above all the tension of a relation, but not a relation to “someone” else. To the contrary, a relation between two characters is not necessarily a “double portrait” but could just as well be offering up a scene or narrative, whereas the portrait does not tell a story but arrests every kind of speech, narration, or declaration in order to sustain an almost exclusive relation to itself. At the same time, the portrait’s self-relation constitutes the entire substance of the relation to the spectator, who is presented with someone as a “self” and not as an interlocutor—except perhaps as a silent interlocutor of itself. To put it in these terms: I am presented with a “me” (or an “I”) and therefore with another me and/or the “me” of another …...
Goolarabooloo Futures: Mining and Aborigines in Northwest Australia
Authors: Muecke Stephen
Published: January 2019

In our apparently postcolonial age, colonization is proceeding apace in Goolarabooloo country near Broome in Western Australia where sovereignty has never been ceded, and no treaty ratified. The colonial ‘settler’ economy was established in the late 19th century with the pearling and pastoral industries, but today it is multinational mining companies (‘extraction colonialism’) that are extending their reach with the urging of the State government and even some Aboriginal agencies.
This ethnographic study describes two ‘worlds’: Those (the ‘Moderns’) who like to see themselves as ‘naturally’ extending the territory of a universalist modernity via their institutions of science and technology, governmental organisation, the law and the economy. Under scrutiny, this world turns out to be less robust institutionally and conceptually than it pretends to be; it operates with fantasies, blunders, poor planning, little negotiation and waste. Often it works, but in the instance of the four-year struggle between Woodside Energy and the Goolarabooloo, the latter was able to resist the former’s desire to build a liquefied gas plant on their traditional land. Woodside and its partners left with billions of dollars wasted in the effort. The ‘world’ of the Indigenous Goolarabooloo is the second group of institutions my extended ethnography will describe.
The Speed of Place and the Space of Time: ­Toward a Theory of Postcolonial Velo/city
Authors: Hitchcock Peter
Published: January 2019

There are a number of reasons why an understanding of speed is vital to postcolonial critique, from how to read rates of ecological catastrophe (Rob Nixon’s Slow Violence) to unpacking the scalar profusions of disjuncture and difference (Arjun Appadurai’s Modernity at Large). I am particularly interested in the cultural representations of the postcolonial urban that distill and problematize the notion that all compressed modernization is simply an expression of speed up and the will-to-hegemony of neoliberal desire. Speed is at the heart of every city, but how does an understanding of velocity enable critique to think the city as postcolonial? Is decolonization measured by the rates in which urbanization is lived? To address the agon of lived postcoloniality in the city I will use two complementary concepts, the speed of place and the space of time. The aim is not to solve deep social and economic contradictions through cultural articulation but is to suggest that the postcolonial contemporary is also a problem of cognition.
The Wrong Side of History: Anachronism and Authoritarianism
Authors: Watson Jini Kim
Published: January 2019

This chapter analyzes recent cultural production that "looks back" on the Cold War capitalist-authoritarian postcolonial regimes of South Korea and Singapore: Hwang Sŏk-yŏng’s fictionalization of the 1980 Kwangju Uprising in The Old Garden
[Oraedoin Chŏngwŏn] (2000), and Tan Pin Pin’s banned documentary on political exiles, To Singapore with Love (2014). Both texts invite us to reckon with state violence, imprisonment and political exile from “the wrong side of history,” that is, from the perspective of political dissidents, communists, and student leaders whom neoliberal History can only view as anachronistic and superfluous to the arrival of capitalist modernity. The essay argues for the figure of anachronism as an aesthetic strategy which indexes the fraught continuities between an apparently “past” era of decolonization and our neoliberal present. It rethinks the tasks of postcolonial theory in light of Cold War bipolarity, and explores the way residues of imagined futures remain persistent and unresolved components of the present.
Figures of Interest
Authors: Marder Elissa
Published: January 2019

In his seminar on the Death Penalty, Derrida insists upon the irreducibly theatrical and spectacular nature of any legal execution. An execution is not merely the material outcome of a legal process, but also the very representational means by which the law stages and asserts its own legitimacy. He also raises a set of questions concerning the relationship between the machines that administer the death penalty and dominant male fantasies regarding feminine sexuality, calling attention to the fact that the death machine is always a woman (virgin, mother, whore or widow) who, in carrying out the cold decree of the law, is depicted as a voracious and terrifying vampire. This chapter examines how discourses surrounding the death penalty have consistently called upon and been haunted by powerful phantasies about female sexuality and why those phantasies paradoxically belong to the very logic rational justice to which they appear to be opposed.