bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workplace Disruption in the Public Sector and HRM Practices to Enhance Employee Resilience
Authors: Kim Phil , Cho Wonhyuk , Yang In
Published: May 2022

This article aims to analyze workplace dynamics in the public sector under highly disruptive environments. Survey data collected from 1,430 public employees in South Korea reveal that workload and work intensity have increased 13% to 15% on average compared to pre-pandemic conditions. Yet this impact on working conditions seems to be unevenly distributed across the public sector; the proportion of pandemic-affected workforce in each public organization ranged from 10% to 80%. More than 70% reported flexible work arrangements in place to alleviate the disruption, though less than 20% enjoyed access to occupational health and safety consultation to handle this change. We found that baby boomer men, who have the fewest family responsibilities, are most satisfied with flexible work arrangements, while millennial women, with the most domestic commitments, are least satisfied, leaving ample room for improvement. Results of a randomized survey experiment showed that resilience-enhancing Human Resource Management (HRM) practices such as special leave assistance programs influenced civil servants’ perceptions of workload and work intensity. Higher levels of satisfaction with resilience-enhancing HRM were found to be associated with lower levels of turnover intention, though this relationship was weaker among employees whose work became too intense or heavy (“numbing effect”) under the pandemic.
Citizenship as Accumulation by Dispossession: The Paradox of Settler Colonial Citizenship
Authors: Sabbagh-Khoury Areej
Published: May 2022

This article extends critical trends of citizenship studies and the theory of accumulation by dispossession to articulate how settler colonial citizenship is instantiated through the active accrual of land and resources and how the emerging settler colonial citizenship entrenches both structural subjugation and resistance. The article then examines the reformation of the boundaries of citizenship through indigenous agency. I do so through examining the Palestinian citizens in Israel, specifically centering the Internally Displaced Persons—Palestinians who received Israeli citizenship even as they were displaced from their places of origin. I conclude by asserting citizenship’s double paradox in settler colonial contexts: It regulates certain rights and mobilities but simultaneously entraps the indigenous in a structure in which recursive accumulation is constitutive, thus entrenching dispossession and the further loss of collective rights and other claims.
How civilian attitudes respond to the state’s violence: Lessons from the Israel–Gaza conflict
Authors: Loewenthal Amit , Miaari Sami H , Abrahams Alexei
Published: May 2022

States, in their conflicts with militant groups embedded in civilian populations, often resort to policies of collective punishment to erode civilian support for the militants. We attempt to evaluate the efficacy of such policies in the context of the Gaza Strip, where Israel's blockade and military interventions, purportedly intended to erode support for Hamas, have inflicted hardship on the civilian population. We combine Palestinian public opinion data, Palestinian labor force surveys, and Palestinian fatalities data, to understand the relationship between exposure to Israeli policies and Palestinian support for militant factions. Our baseline strategy is a difference-in-differences specification that compares the gap in public opinion between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank during periods of intense punishment with the gap during periods when punishment is eased. Consistent with previous research, we find that Palestinian fatalities are associated with Palestinian support for more militant political factions. The effect is short-lived, however, dissipating after merely one quarter. Moreover, the blockade of Gaza itself appears to be only weakly associated with support for militant factions. Overall, we find little evidence to suggest that Israeli security policies toward the Gaza Strip have any substantial lasting effect on Gazan support for militant factions, neither deterring nor provoking them relative to their West Bank counterparts. Our findings therefore call into question the logic of Israel's continued security policies toward Gaza, while prompting a wider re-examination of the efficacy of deterrence strategies in other asymmetric conflicts.
Occupational risk assessment of organophosphates with an emphasis on psychological and oxidative stress factors
Authors: Fghihi-Zarandi Ali , Dabaghzadeh Fatemeh , Vaziri Ali , Karami-Mohajeri Somayyeh , Ghorbaninejad Behnam , Zamani Ahmadreza , Rahimi-Sadegh Karim
Published: May 2022

Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are widely used all over the world in domestic and industrial settings, but these chemicals affect the nervous system, induce suicidal thoughts, depression and anxiety, and impair sleep quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the main toxicity mechanisms of OPPs, oxidative stress and cholinesterase inhibition, and psychological parameters in chronic exposure to OPPs. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 56 male OPPs factory workers as the worker group and 47 unexposed individuals within the same age range as the control group. Psychological factors were assessed using validated questionnaires. The activity of plasma cholinesterase and oxidative stress biomarkers, total antioxidant capacity of plasma, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein carbonylation were determined in blood samples by spectrophotometer. Sleep quality score in the factory workers was lower, and depression and suicidal ideation scores were higher than those in the control group. These factory workers showed 35% lower levels of plasma cholinesterase activity than did the controls. Compared to the control group, a significant impairment in oxidative stress biomarkers was also observed in the workers. Meanwhile, there was a significant relationship between the duration of employment and the level of LPO as well as a significant correlation between the quality of sleep and plasma cholinesterase in the workers. In conclusion, long-term exposure to OPPs could cause oxidative damages and neurobehavioral effects. The close monitoring of workplace exposure to organophosphates pesticides and also their respective solvents along with the reduction of working hours are of the necessities to avoid the adverse impacts of exposure to these pesticides.
Person × domain interactions in resisting desires in daily life
Authors: Wenzel Mario , Rowland Zarah , Bürgler Sebastian , Friese Malte , Hofmann Wilhelm , Hennecke Marie
Published: May 2022

Self-control has predominantly been characterized as a domain-general individual difference, assuming that highly self-controlled individuals are generally, that is, irrespective of domain, better at resisting their desires. However, qualitative differences in the domains in which these desires emerge and how individuals interact with these domains have rarely been examined. We re-analyzed three experience sampling datasets ( N participants = 431, N observations = 15,962) and found that person × domain interactions predicted significant additional variance in momentary self-control above and beyond person differences, ranging from additional 6.2% of variance in desire strength to 17.0% of variance in conflict strength. Moreover, person × domain interactions in resistance strength predicted significantly more variance in resistance success than person or domain differences. Nevertheless, the number of individual resistance profiles was too diverse to be meaningfully reduced to a core set of latent resistance profiles. Thus, our results demonstrate the importance of considering person × domain interactions in future investigations of self-control and show that there is great diversity in how and how successfully different people interact with their self-control conflicts in different domains.
Chronic Stress, Coping, and Mental Health Among Older African Americans
Authors: Mouzon Dawne M.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

African Americans experience relatively low rates of mental disorder despite being disproportionately exposed to psychosocial stressors. Coping is an understudied area that may help explain the mental health resilience among this population.

Methods

Using data from the National Survey of American Life, I use negative binomial logistic regression to investigate the relationships between stress exposure/appraisal, ten coping responses, and mental health among older African American adults.

Results

Seven of 10 coping responses were predictive of psychological distress. I also found evidence of moderation for six responses. Active coping, instrumental social support, looking for something good in what has happened, and two measures of acceptance were protective against psychological distress associated with high levels of stress. Substance use generally exacerbated the association between stress and psychological distress.

Discussion

Problem-focused coping and acceptance responses were effective coping strategies for older African Americans under high levels of stress exposure/appraisal.
New fluorinated poly(pyridine amide)s derived from 2,6-bis(4-iodophenyl)-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridine by C–N coupling reaction
Authors: Xie Hui , Zhao Jing-Wei , Wei Mei-Hong , Huang Zhi-Hui , Liu Xiao-Ling
Published: May 2022

2,6-Bis(4-iodophenyl)-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridine, as a new aromatic diiodide compound, was synthesized through a one-pot protocol by the sequential diazotization-iodination of 2,6-bis(4-aminophenyl)-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridine with KI/NaNO2/ p-TsOH in acetonitrile at room temperature. A number of new aromatic fluorinated poly(pyridine amide)s containing 2,6-diphenyl-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridine units were prepared via a Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 catalyzed carbonylation polymerization of this diiodide, diamines and carbon monoxide in DMAc in the presence of PPh3 and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-7-undecene. These new polyamides with inherent viscosities of 0.63–0.72 dL/g were amorphous and easily soluble in amide type aprotic solvents such as NMP, DMAc, DMF and dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature. Thermal analysis data up to 800°C in nitrogen showed their high thermal behavior with 5% weight loss temperature of 428–498°C and char yield of 62–69%. Their limiting oxygen index of 42.3–45.1 showed that the resulting poly(pyridine amide)s could be classified as “self-extinguishing polymers”. Also, their thin films exhibited high optical transparency with a cut-off wavelength of 324–373 nm.
Vibration and buckling analyses of functionally graded plates based on refined plate theory using airy stress function
Authors: Monajati Leila , Farid Navid , Farid Mehrdad , Parandvar Hassan
Published: May 2022

In this paper, an approach based on the refined plate theory and Airy stress function has been proposed to investigate the vibration and buckling behaviors of functionally graded (FG) rectangular plates. The significant feature of the proposed approach is considering only two unknowns in the displacement field in which the contribution due to shear and bending to the total transverse displacement are clarified. Using the extended Hamilton’s principle and defining an Airy stress function corresponding to the compatibility equation, the equations of motion, which do not explicitly include the in-plane displacements, are derived. The accuracy and effectiveness of the current model is shown by comparing the natural frequencies and buckling loads of various FG rectangular plates calculated by the proposed approach with even three-dimensional (3-D) and quasi-3D solutions. Besides, the exact dynamic response of a square FG plate due to a harmonic central force is investigated using modal analysis. This approach is capable of handling quasi-3D models , by selecting proper functions in the displacement field to consider the thickness stretching effect. By doing this, behavior of FG square plates with various coefficient functions are compared with each other. Therefore, through implementing the Airy stress function, the number of variables is reduced, in turn, simplifying the dynamic model. Consequently, it can be used for wide range study of static and dynamic behaviors of FG plates.
Optimizing performance of a rover on partially known terrain
Authors: Noble Sam
Published: May 2022

One of our earlier articles (Noble and Issac, 2019) proposed a method for finding optimal wheel torques for a six-wheeled rover for two types of objective functions, namely, (a) friction requirement and (b) torque requirement. In this technical note, an approach for seeking the optimal torque of a rover when the coefficient of friction under one wheel is proposed (Noble, 2021). The approach is demonstrated for a rover climbing a large step. The solutions are verified to be a local minima by checking Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. The solutions indicate that when the coefficient of friction available in a patch is lower than the minimum required, the other two wheels require a higher coefficient of friction than the minimum required. In cases where the available friction is higher than the minimum required, there could be situations when two wheels need to apply only very low torques, or no torques at all, for the rover to climb.
Research on micro-leakage performance of the rubber seal
Authors: Sun Heng-Chao , Hao Yan-yan , Song Tao , Wang Li-Na
Published: May 2022

For the manned International Space Station, the more stringent requirements of the leakage performance of the rubber seal, which is located in it, is presented. The leakage is caused by the small leakage paths between contact pairs of the rubber seal. Therefore, it is necessary that the micro-leakage performance analysis between interfaces of the rubber seal is carried out. Based on this, the finite element model (FEM) of macroscopic contact performance analysis of the rubber seal is established first, and the macroscopic contact pressure and contact width of the rubber seal are calculated by the model. Then, the micro-leak path model is constructed based on the contact width and surface micro-structure, and the cross-sectional area of the micro-leakage path is obtained, when the contact pressure is acted on the model. Therefore, the fluid flow states in the micro-leakage path are determined, and the flow conductance and the seal leakage rate of rubber seal are all calculated. Finally, the micro-leakage model of the rubber seal is modified to improve the theoretical calculation accuracy by the experiment.
Novel finite-time adaptive sliding mode tracking control for disturbed mechanical systems
Authors: Yao Qijia , Jahanshahi Hadi
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the finite-time tracking control problem of mechanical systems subject to model uncertainties and external disturbances is investigated. A new type of finite-time adaptive sliding mode control approach is proposed based on a novel integral sliding mode surface and a novel parametric adaptation mechanism. The integral sliding mode surface is originally designed by utilizing the adding a power integrator technique. The parametric adaptation mechanism is developed by using a single adaptive updating law to estimate the square of the upper bound of the lumped uncertain term. As compared with the most existing studies, the distinctive features of the proposed controller are threefold. (1) Benefiting from the novel integral sliding mode surface, the proposed controller has no singularity problem inherently existing in the terminal sliding mode control. (2) Owing to the use of novel parametric adaptation mechanism, the proposed controller is smooth and the unexpected chattering phenomenon is significantly attenuated. Moreover, the proposed controller is structurally simple and requires relatively few online calculations, which makes it affordable for practical applications. (3) The practical finite-time stability of the overall closed-loop system is strictly proved. The proposed controller can ensure the position and velocity tracking errors stabilize to the adjustable small neighborhoods around the origin in finite time. Lastly, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control approach are illustrated through simulations and comparisons.
Transient mathematical prediction and experimental verification of the charging characteristics of subsea accumulators
Authors: Li Wang , Liu Qingyou , Tang Yang
Published: May 2022

This study is focused on the charging characteristics of the subsea accumulators used to provide power for safety on a subsea well. The charging time and storage volume are strictly limited according to API specification for a subsea accumulator system. Long hydraulic lines must be used to cope with the depth of seawater, which will significantly increase the charging time and cause a large pressure drop. In addition, the pressure in hydraulic pump and subsea accumulators used also varies with charging. A transient flow will occur during the charging of the system. In this paper, a systematic transient mathematical model (STMM) of the subsea accumulator charge system is established. The STMM includes three main parts: the air driven liquid pump, the long hydraulic pipeline, and the subsea accumulator. A double-coefficient unsteady friction model based on instantaneous acceleration is applied in the long pipeline model. The Redlich–Kwong real gas state equation is used to calculate the gas in the accumulator. A series of charging experiments for two rated working pressure of 10,000 psi and 15,000 psi on the ground were carried out. The results of the experiment showed very consistently with those of the STMM. The liquid pressure in the accumulator is divided into three stages during charging: rapidly increasing stage, slowly increasing stage, and maintaining constant stage. Moreover, an engineering proposal was presented to reduce the design pressure requirements of the system. Furthermore, the charging time will increase significantly as the length of the pipe increases, but decreases as the inner diameter of the pipe increases. The paper outlines a direction for the design theory and engineering practice of the subsea accumulator charge system.
Toward 2030 CO2 targets – high efficiency engine with gasoline compression ignition technology on a hybrid electric vehicle simulation
Authors: Won Hyun Woo , Calendini Pierre Olivier , Sens Marc , Tietze Torsten , Kitte Jens , Pannwitz Marcel
Published: May 2022

The pressure to reduce CO2 and pollutants of internal combustion engine (ICE) powered vehicles is higher than ever. The existing gasoline and diesel engine vehicles face a critical challenge to adjust to these stringent demands. By combining a gasoline like clean fuel with a high efficiency thermodynamic cycle (compression ignition), it is possible to create a powertrain that is clean, both globally and locally, and so breaking the historical trade-off between decreasing CO2 versus pollutants. However, very low vehicle out CO2 cannot be achieved if ICEs are not combined with a hybrid electric powertrain. In this paper, the potential of the gasoline like fuel in compression ignition (GCI) vehicle in combination with hybridization is assessed. Three different hybrid topologies have been theoretically assessed in a first step. Afterwards, the most promising has been deeply analyzed by means of longitudinal vehicle simulation. Here, the corresponding hybrid control strategy is optimized. The battery size has been adjusted as well targeting the optimum capacity when using a HEV instead of a PHEV. The combination of highly efficient GCI engine in combination with such an optimized hybrid topology represents an extreme value regarding CO2 reduction for passenger cars. Such vehicles could contribute largely to the emission targets set for 2030 by the European Commission. In summary, this paper presents engineering solution to comply with future greenhouse gas regulations through advanced engine technology and HEV technology.
The effects of pre-stressed rods contoured by different bending techniques on posterior instrumentation of L4-L5 lumbar spine segment: A finite element study
Authors: Sengul Emre , Ozmen Ramazan , Demir Teyfik
Published: May 2022

Posterior pedicle screw instrumentation (PPSI) is a well-known method in lumbar spine surgery. Understanding how PPSI affects the biomechanics of the lumbar spine is an important issue. In particular, during PPSI operations, surgeons bend rods according to the patients’ spinal curvatures based on their own experiences. As a result, residual stresses develop on the rods due to this bending. Although many finite element-based biomechanical studies have been performed for PPSI, studies comparing the effects of residual stresses arising from rod contouring on the construct stresses are lacking. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of residual stress in PPSI using rods contoured with a French bender and an in-situ bender, as well as comparing the differences in stress increment with straight and contoured rods for different physiological motions. Accordingly, a finite element (FE) model of the L4-L5 lumbar spine segment was developed for PPSI and the effects of residual stresses on rods were investigated by using different bending methods. In the simulations, it was found that rods contoured with a French bender with residual stress resulted in significantly more increased stress in PPSI compared to those contoured with an in-situ bender. The results of this study emphasize that increased stress in PPSI due to the residual stresses for different physiological motions may increase the risk of PPSI failures. Additionally, the finite element modeling approach employed here could be used as a fundamental tool for further investigations of topics such as PPSI fatigue life and failure studies.
Effects of suction surface near tip coolant injection on the aerodynamics of tip leakage flow in a high-pressure turbine cascade
Authors: Liu Zuhao , She Yansong , Duan Xiaozhi , Zhou Chao
Published: May 2022

The current study explores the possibility of using the coolant injected from the near tip suction side of a turbine blade to reduce the tip leakage loss. Each case studied has a cooling hole injecting a coolant stream. To model the mixing of the coolant at different axial locations, each of four cases is investigated with a cooling hole located at 10% blade axial chord [Formula: see text], 20% [Formula: see text], 30% [Formula: see text] or 40% [Formula: see text] from the leading edge. In computational fluid dynamics simulation, the exit area of the cooling hole is defined with mass flow inlet boundary condition to simulate a coolant injection. It is found that the tip leakage loss of the case with a cooling hole located at 10% [Formula: see text] is the lowest and is 3.2% lower than that of the uncooled baseline case. The tip leakage loss increases as the cooling hole located further downstream. For the case with cooling hole at 40% [Formula: see text], the loss is 1.5% higher than the uncooled baseline case. The effect of the blowing ratio on the tip leakage loss is also investigated. For the case with the cooling hole located at 10% [Formula: see text], the tip leakage loss first decreases and then increases as the blowing ratio increases. When the tip leakage loss of one case is less than that of baseline case, it is found that mixing of the coolant and the low-energy fluid in the tip leakage vortex core reduces the stagnation pressure difference between mainstream and the fluid within the vortex core, and thus reducing the mixing loss within the blade passage.
Health information seeking and sharing behavior of young adults on social media in Pakistan
Authors: Malik Amara , Islam Talat , Ahmad Mahmood , Mahmood Khalid
Published: May 2022

Social media such as Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, and Twitter have radically enhanced the public access to health information. Still, studies have unexplored the factors that contribute toward such behaviors especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study identifies the factors that contribute to the likelihood of young adults’ health information seeking and sharing on social media. Specifically, drawing upon health belief model (HBM), the study attempts to understand how health belief and e-Health literacy affects health information seeking and sharing on social media. The study collected data from 413 young adults through Google Forms on a random basis. The results generated applying structural equation modeling confirmed that HBM related factors such as perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and perceived benefits positively while perceived barriers negatively influence young adults’ health information seeking and sharing intentions on social media. Furthermore, e-Health literacy was positively associated with health information seeking and sharing intentions on social media. This study is amongst a first few studies in the context of developing world to investigate the young adults’ intentions of seeking and sharing health information on social media based on HBM.
Report of the House of Representatives Select Committee on Mental Health and Suicide Prevention: Commentary on an expanded psychologist role and decreased GP/psychiatrist leadership in private multidisciplinary primary mental healthcare
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Pring William , Kisely Stephen R
Published: May 2022

Objective

This opinion paper discusses certain recommendations of the House of Representatives Select Committee on Mental Health and Suicide Prevention pertaining to psychology, GP and psychiatric professions.

Conclusions

The Committee’s recommendations may compromise patient care by undermining the ability of private sector medical specialists in providing direct clinical treatment and their role in the coordination of multidisciplinary teams. Expanding private psychological therapies without GP and private psychiatry support might increase the reliance on public hospital emergency departments and public sector mental health services for severe disorders and suicidal crises. Psychiatrists and GPs need to engage in more effective policy advocacy with the Australian Government, in order to maintain their roles in leading private sector collaborative multidisciplinary care.
Musing about Interdisciplinary Research: Is Interdisciplinary Research Amusing or Bemusing?
Authors: Mackey Jeremy D. , McAllister Charn P.
Published: May 2022

We seek to contribute to the ongoing discussion about interdisciplinary research by contextualizing its benefits, challenges, and realities specifically within the management field. The purpose of this Musing is to highlight the a“musing” (i.e., entertaining) and be“musing” (i.e., confusing) experiences that we have had trying to publish interdisciplinary research so we can offer some recommendations for how the management field can stop ignoring something we all claim to be of great value. In our experience, interdisciplinary research is amusing if you're intrinsically motivated to do it, but it is bemusing if you expect it to be tied to extrinsic rewards.
ALK-positive Large B-Cell Lymphoma Presenting as a Circumscribed Breast Mass with Germinal Center Immunophenotype
Authors: Yan Mingfei , Khattab Ruba , Meyerson Howard
Published: May 2022

We report a rare case of ALK-positive large B cell lymphoma which initially presented as a circumscribed breast mass in a young woman mimicking fibroadenoma. The lymphoma demonstrated typical immunoblastic morphology with monomorphic round nuclei and prominent central nucleoli. Immunophenotypically, the lymphoma was positive for MUM1,CD138, BOB1, OCT2, PAX5 (focal), CD4, and was negative for CD20, CD79a and all other T cell antigens. Immunostaining for the ALK protein revealed the characteristic granular cytoplasmic staining typical for ALK-positive large B cell lymphoma with an ALK::CTCL fusion confirmed on genomic profiling study. Notably the cells also expressed CD10 and BCL6. Staging revealed disseminated disease with blood, bone marrow and liver involvement. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ALK-positive large B cell lymphoma initially presenting as a breast lesion. Additionally, expression of CD10 and BCL6 suggested a germinal center origin for the lesion.
Hepatic Macrophage Types Cluster with Disease Etiology in Chronic Liver Disease and Differ Compared to Normal Liver: Implications for Their Biologic and Diagnostic Role
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Thompkins-Johns Alexandra , Ziober Amy , Zhang Paul J , Furth Emma E.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Macrophages are phenotypically heterogeneous cells that play a vital role in hepatic fibrogenesis. We aimed to compare the macrophage profiles between normal livers and those with various chronic liver diseases in the precirrhotic fibrosis stage. Methods. Immunohistochemistry was performed for three macrophage markers (CD163, CD68, and IBA1) on 48 liver biopsies. Digital image analysis and automated cell count were used to calculate the densities of immunostained cells in two selected regions of interest: the periportal region and the perivenous region. Results. The absolute and relative densities of the macrophage phenotypes in relationship with zones and etiologies showed four distinct patterns by hierarchical cluster analysis: (1) no significant increase in the macrophage densities in either periportal or perivenous regions - nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; (2) significant increase in the selected macrophage densities in both periportal and perivenous regions - Hepatitis C; (3) significant increase in the macrophage densities only in periportal region - alcoholic liver disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and primary biliary cholangitis; and (4) significant increase in the densities of all types of macrophages in both periportal and perivenous regions - autoimmune hepatitis. Conclusions. There are distinct macrophage phenotypic and zonal geographic signatures correlating to etiologies of chronic liver disease in the precirrhotic stage.
Low frequency noise control in duct based on locally resonant membrane with attached resonators
Authors: Li Jinze , Zuo Hongwei , Shen Cheng , Leung Randolph CK
Published: May 2022

In this paper, locally resonant membrane with attached resonators is introduced to duct system to achieve good noise control effect especially in low frequency range. A rigorous analytical model based on modal expansion method is developed to investigate the vibroacoustic coupling characteristic of proposed duct-membrane-resonator system. The corresponding theoretical results show a good agreement with numerical simulation. The velocity distribution, sound transmission loss curve, and the mechanism behind are discussed and explained deeply. It is found that the attached resonators on the membrane can lead to new transmission loss peak which is related to but not exactly equal to the resonance frequency of attached resonator itself. Correspondence between zero equivalent density mass and transmission loss peak is achieved at the non-antisymmetric modes. Compared to single resonator, multi-resonators system can realize more transmission loss peaks for better sound transmission effect. In principle, ultra-low frequency noise reduction and arbitrarily adjustable frequency can be achieved by changing the frequency, position, and number of exerted resonators, which provide a new approach for duct noise control.
Dynamic model and integrated optimal controller of hybrid arms robot for laser contour machining
Authors: Alandoli Esmail Ali , Lee T.S. , Vijayakumar V. , Lin Y.J. , Mohammed Marwan Qaid
Published: May 2022

The hybrid arms robot (HAR) is a new modified robot which consists of a rigid link (RL) and a flexible link (FL), and it carries a laser head at the end-effector for laser contour machining (CM). The HAR is inspired from a rigid-flexible links manipulator (RFLM) and the aim is to bring the advantages of flexible link manipulators (FLMs) to industrial robots. The HAR gains the advantages of lightweight robots and FLMs such as fast response, less power consumption due to using small actuators, low cost, and safe to surrounding operators. However, the HAR has the drawback of a tip vibration caused by the flexibility of the second FL and leads to a position error at the end-effector position. Furthermore, the HAR has more parameters to be incorporated in a dynamic model such as the tip vibration, the laser head weight, and a force generated by the assist gas pressure. This research aims to obtain the dynamic model of the HAR using the finite element method (FEM) in conjunction with the Lagrangian equation and to propose an integrated optimal controller (IOC) which is an integration of a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The derived dynamic model of the HAR is efficient due to the close match response with the SimMechanics model response of the HAR. The proposed IOC is tested for point-to-point (PTP) position control of the HAR and demonstrates improved response and better capability for the tip vibration suppression. The proposed IOC also reveals enhanced triangular CM trajectory, rhombic CM trajectory, and circular CM trajectory of the HAR laser head compared to the LQR performance in a proper cutting speed to ensure the machining quality.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the structural dynamic characteristics for both surfaces of a wind turbine blade
Authors: Chen Yuanchang , Griffith D Todd
Published: May 2022

Wind turbine design and operation will benefit from a better understanding of blade dynamics. Usually, only one surface or one side of a 3D structure is measured in Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer (SLDV) tests due to test setup and instrumentation limitations. However, in this work, we demonstrate an approach to overcome these limitations while also using an SLDV that provides high spatial resolution measurement. In the case of a wind turbine blade, only one surface is typically measured; however, it is beneficial to investigate both blade global modes and the relative motions of the two blade surfaces by using both numerical models and experimental tests. This work creatively develops both experimental and numerical approaches to investigate the dynamics and the relative motions of both surfaces of the wind turbine blade from global and local perspectives. On the experimental side, experimental modal testing is conducted on both surfaces of the wind turbine blade with a high spatial resolution 3D SLDV. The two surfaces of the wind turbine blade are measured and stitched together to build the blade experimental mode shapes of both surfaces. A total of over 1500 points are scanned from both surfaces of the blade in a non-contact fashion to obtain not only the global bending modes (flap-wise and edge-wise), the global torsional modes, but also the localized panel mode shapes. On the numerical side, a finite element model of the blade is developed to obtain the numerical mode shapes. The experimental mode shapes on either one surface or both surfaces of the blade are used to validate the blade finite element model. The mode shape correspondence between the model and the test is also identified. With the availability of both experimental and numerical mode shapes, localized panel modes of the wind turbine blade are observed and characterized, and as a result the numerical model is validated. This work provides useful case studies for the design and structural analysis of wind turbine blades based on both the experimental observations and the validation of numerical models typical of those used for blade design and blade structural analysis.
The Garden, Grief, and All That Is
Authors: Simmonds Janette Graetz
Published: May 2022

In this narrative poem, the author explores the experience of grief and growth
A Poetic Inquiry of Traumatic Birth Through Bearing Witness
Authors: Keedle Hazel , Willo Pixie
Published: May 2022

In collaboration between a researcher and poet, we have used poetry inquiry to create a collection of found poems from open-ended survey data. Found poems were created using the written responses from the Australian Birth Experience Study survey and the poems highlighted women’s experiences of traumatic birth. Analysis was undertaken through reflexive poetry from the poet and through reflection by the researcher. The poems display themes of lack of control and consent. These poems illuminate the voices of the women who shared their traumatic birthing stories to gain understanding and raise awareness in the community on aspects of birth trauma.
Being NEET in Youthspaces of the EU South: A Post-recession Regional Perspective
Authors: Avagianou Athina , Kapitsinis Nikos , Papageorgiou Ioannis , Strand Anne Hege , Gialis Stelios
Published: May 2022

Youth unemployment and precarity have been expanding in the aftermath of the recent global recession. This article offers a theoretically informed empirical examination of the spatio-temporally uneven expansion of young people ‘Not in Employment, Education or Training’ (NEETs) between 2008 and 2018 in the European Union (EU) South, namely in Italy, Spain, Greece and Cyprus. This article contributes to the growing literature on youth inactivity and marginalization, by focusing on the spatial, rather than just the temporal dimension of youth which marks most relevant studies. The analysis engages with the concept of ‘youthspaces’ to critically analyse the economic, social and political spatialities that determine the dynamic relationship between youth and the labour market, and discuss the persistently high NEET rate in the EU South. Employing a mixed-methods approach, we highlight that gender, class, education and economic growth are key socio-spatial factors that determine the geographically uneven expansion of NEETs across the study regions.
The social networks of hospital staff: A realist synthesis
Authors: Blacklock Claire , Darwin Amy , English Mike , McKnight Jacob , Hinton Lisa , Harriss Elinor , Wong Geoff
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The social ties people have with one another are known to influence behaviour, and how information is accessed and interpreted. It is unclear, however, how the social networks that exist in multi-professional health care workplaces might be used to improve quality in hospitals. This paper develops explanatory theory using realist synthesis to illuminate the details and significance of the social ties between health care workers. Specifically we ask: How, why, for whom, to what extent and in what context, do the social ties of staff within a hospital influence quality of service delivery, including quality improvement?

Methods

From a total of 75 included documents identified through an extensive systematic literature search, data were extracted and analysed to identify emergent explanatory statements.

Results

The synthesis found that within the hospital workforce, an individual’s place in the social whole can be understood across four identified domains: (1) social group, (2) hierarchy, (3) bridging distance and (4) discourse. Thirty-five context-mechanism-outcome configurations were developed across these domains.

Conclusions

The relative position of individual health care workers within the overall social network in hospitals is associated with influence and agency. As such, power to bring about change is inequitably and socially situated, and subject to specific contexts. The findings of this realist synthesis offer a lens through which to understand social ties in hospitals. The findings can help identify possible strategies for intervention to improve communication and distribution of power, for individual, team and wider multi-professional behavioural change in hospitals.
Age-varying effects of repeated emergency department presentations for children in Canada
Authors: Rosychuk Rhonda J , Chen Anqi A , McRae Andrew , McLane Patrick , Ospina Maria B , Joan Hu X
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Repeated presentations to emergency departments (EDs) may indicate a lack of access to other health care resources. Age is an important predictor of frequent ED use; however, age-varying effects are not generally investigated. This study examines the age-specific effects of predictors on ED presentation frequency for children in Alberta and Ontario, Canada.

Methods

This retrospective study used population-based data during April 2010 to March 2017. Data were extracted from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System for children aged <18 who were members of the top 10% of ED users in any one of the fiscal years 2011/2012 to 2015/2016 along with a comparison sample from the bottom 90%. A marginal regression model studied the age-varying associations on the frequency of ED presentations with province, sex, access to primary health care provider (for Ontario only), area of residence and lowest neighbourhood income quintile.

Results

There were 2,481,172 patients who made 9,229,156 ED presentations. The effects of sex, lowest income quintile, rural residence, access to primary health care provider and province on the frequency of presentations varied by age. Notably, boys go from having more frequent presentations than girls when aged ≤5 (i.e. adjusted intensity ratio [IR]=1.04 at age 5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03,1.06) to less frequent for ages 8–11 years and beyond 14 (i.e. IR = 0.80 at age 15, 95% CI = 0.78,0.81). Adolescents aged ≥15 without access to a primary care provider had more frequent presentations compared to those with a primary care provider.

Conclusions

When examining the frequency of ED presentations in children, age-varying effects of predictors should be considered. Our more nuanced examination of age provides insights into how health services might better target programmes for different ages to potentially reduce unnecessary ED use by providing other health care alternatives.
“Sex as a way to gain some control”: Sexual subjectivity during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Montanaro Erika , Bowling Jessamyn , Farris Shayna , Scarborough Autumn , Moody Brianna , Rawitz Naomi
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted dynamics of sexual health, including sexual subjectivity, or the way in which someone thinks of themself as a sexual being and feels entitled to pleasure. This study examines how adults in the US perceive changes in their sexual subjectivity related to the pandemic. We conducted an online survey ( N = 326), and included thematic analyses related to open-ended questions. The following themes emerged: intentional self-reflection, control of change, control of perspective, control of relationships, control of communication, and control of sexual behavior. Our findings have implications for psychological and public health approaches. We find large overlap of “capacity and engagement in self-reflection” across other themes. The implications and durability of these changes are unknown.
Online social connections and Internet use among people with intellectual disabilities in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Caton Sue , Hatton Chris , Gillooly Amanda , Oloidi Edward , Clarke Libby , Bradshaw Jill , Flynn Samantha , Taggart Laurence , Mulhall Peter , Jahoda Andrew , Maguire Roseann , Marriott Anna , Todd Stuart , Abbott David , Beyer Stephen , Gore Nick , Heslop Pauline , Scior Katrina , Hastings Richard P
Published: May 2022

Having a disability, in particular, an intellectual disability, is associated with Internet non-use. This article explores how people with intellectual disabilities used the Internet across the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic. In April to May 2021, 571 adults with intellectual disabilities were interviewed. Participants most commonly used the Internet for being with family and friends, social media or doing online activities with other people. People who lived with family were the most likely to use social media; people who lived with other people with intellectual disabilities were the least likely. People who self-reported as not lonely were more likely to use the Internet for online activities with others and play video games with others. Social connections were identified as the best thing about the Internet. Many participants chose not to identify a worst thing about Internet use, while others reported issues with technology, online harm and threats to well-being.
‘Bed-space’ housing in Dubai: African migrants, ambivalence towards authorities and gender differences
Authors: Ngeh Jonathan
Published: May 2022

In the literature on migration to the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), authors generally mention that labour migrants, predominantly from South and Southeast Asia, live in overcrowded, low-class accommodation, sharing rooms and ‘doing bed-space’, without giving a clear picture of what this practice entails. This paper is an ethnographic account of what it actually means to live in ‘bed-space’ accommodation. It explores how West African migrants cope with the difficulties of this type of housing. The paper is based on 6 weeks of fieldwork in Dubai and draws on Achille Mbembe’s ‘Provisional Notes on the Postcolony’. The analysis reveals that African migrants undermine and modify the established practices of exclusion that relegate them to urban slums through strategic responses to challenges in their everyday lives and that their experiences and responses vary in relation to gender.
The Hill We Climb: The Future of Women of Color Leadership Development
Authors: Carter Angela D. , Sisco Stephanie
Published: May 2022

The Problem

There has been sparse research on the intersectional nature of the leadership practices of women of color since the last special issue in Advances in Developing Human Resources (ADHR). Included here are insights and recommendations for HRD practitioners and scholars on developing women leaders of color.

The Solution

In this concluding article, we make recommendations for future theory and practice centered on leadership for women of color using Amanda Gorman's 2021 inaugural poem as a backdrop.

Stakeholders

In order to encourage further thought and action for researchers and practitioners in Human Resource development (HRD), this article is intended to provoke thought on women leaders of color and provide impetus toward future HRD scholarship.
Pancreatic Proteolytic Enzymes and Cancer: New Support for an Old Theory
Authors: Isaacs Linda L.
Published: May 2022

In 1905, the embryologist John Beard first proposed that pancreatic proteolytic enzymes had potential as a treatment for cancer. His theories were dismissed by the medical world a decade later, but various practitioners have kept the concept alive through the publication of case reports of cancer patients treated with pancreatic proteolytic enzymes. In the last 2 decades, studies of the role of proteases in physiology have made it clear that they do more than digest food. This article reviews the history of the clinical use of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes in cancer treatment, and recent research on protease activated receptors and their role in cancer.
ThalaMS: New Evidence Linking Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis, and the Thalamus
Authors: Beenhakker Mark P.
Published: May 2022

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