bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Performance Analysis of Meteorological Temperature Sensor Calibration Device Using Gas Cavities
Authors: Huang Yafei , Gao Chenhao , Wen Zhaopeng , Qian Fei , He Lijun
Published: December 2024

In order to solve the problem of a meteorology temperature sensor not being able to touch a liquid, an open gas cavity structure immersed in the liquid was designed. According to the characteristics that the temperature sensing position of the meteorological temperature sensor is in the bottom area of the gas cavity, a simulation and experimental study of the bottom temperature field of φ50 mm cylindrical and φ(50-35-25) mm stepped column gas cavities were carried out. The experimental results at (−30~30) °C show that the gas stability of the gas cavities was better than that of the liquid constant temperature bath, and the performance of the cylindrical gas cavity was the best. The gas temperature stability of the stepped column gas cavity and the liquid constant temperature bath follow a strong trend. The maximum stability of the cylindrical gas cavity is 0.0054 °C, and the maximum stability of the stepped column gas cavity is 0.0080 °C. The results also show that the maximum uniformity of the stepped gas cavity is 0.0077 °C, and the maximum uniformity of the cylindrical gas cavity is 0.0528 °C. The uncertainty introduced in the measurement process was evaluated to ensure the confidence of the experimental data. The maximum value of the extended uncertainty was U = 0.0027 °C (k = 2). Compared with the solid-state constant temperature bath calibration method, the temperature sensor of different shapes can be directly placed into the gas cavity without the need for the meteorological temperature sensor to be closely attached to the wall of the gas cavity, and a sealing plug is used to seal the cavity mouth. The operation is very convenient, rapid turnover of the calibration of the meteorological temperature sensor can be achieved, and the work efficiency can be improved. Superior stability and uniformity can be obtained compared to gas constant temperature cavities. This study provides a valuable reference for the structural design of large-volume gas cavities and provides support and guarantee for global climate change monitoring.
Multicenter Study on the Impact of the Masker Babble Spectrum on the Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) Test
Authors: Laureyns Mark , Pugliese Giorgia , Freyaldenhoven Bryan Melinda , Willekens Marieke , Gasbarre Anna Maria , Zanetti Diego , Gilson Julien , Van Doren Paul , Di Berardino Federica
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) is defined as the most comfortable level (MCL) intensity for speech and is calculated by subtracting the maximum noise tolerable by an individual. The ANL test has been used over time to predict hearing aid use and the impact of digital noise reduction. This study analyzes this impact by using different masker babble spectra when performing the ANL test in both hearing-impaired and healthy subjects in three different languages (Dutch, French, and Italian). Materials and Methods: A total of 198 patients underwent the ANL test in their native language using a standardized protocol. The babble file was speech-weighted to match the long-term spectrum of the specific ANL language version. ANL was proposed in three different masking conditions: with multitalker Matched babble speech noise, with the same masking signal with the spectrum reduced from 2 kHz onwards (High Cut), and with the spectrum increased from 2 kHz onwards (High Boost). Results: In all of the comparisons among the three languages, ANL with High Boost noise gave significantly higher (worse) scores than ANL with Matched noise (p-value S1: <0.0001, S2: <0.0001, S3: 0.0003) and ANL with High Cut noise (p-value S1: 0.0002, S2: <0.0001, S3: <0.0001). The ANL values did not show any significant correlation with age and gender. In French, a weak correlation was found between ANL with High Cut noise and the Fletcher index of the worst ear. In Italian, a weak correlation was found between both ANL with Matched and High Boost noise and the Fletcher index of the best ear. Conclusions: ANL with High Boost added to noise stimuli was less acceptable for all patients in all of the languages. The ANL results did not vary in relation to the patients’ characteristics. This study confirms that the ANL test has potential application for clinical use regardless of the native language spoken.
Regularity of n-P-V-Rings and n-P-V’-Rings
Authors: Li Liuwen , Zou Wenlin , Li Ying
Published: December 2024

The regularity of the n-P-V-rings and n-P-V’-rings is systematically investigated in this paper. Employing the notions of quasi-ideals, weakly left (or right) ideals, and generalized weak ideals, we focus on investigating the strong -regularity and weak -regularity of the n-P-V-rings and the n-P-V’-rings. Subsequently, we demonstrate our results as follows: (1) is strongly -regular if is a left n-P-V-ring where all its maximal left ideals are either quasi-ideals, weakly right ideals, or generalized weak ideals. (2) is strongly -regular iff is an abelian left (right) n-P-V’-ring where all its maximal essential left (right) ideals are either quasi-ideals, weakly right (left) ideals, or generalized weak ideals. (3) is a reduced left weakly -regular if is an idempotent reflexive semi-abelian left n-P-V’-ring where all its maximal essential left ideals are either quasi-ideals, weakly right ideals, or generalized weak ideals.
Sexual Body Size Dimorphism in Small Mammals: A Case Study from Lithuania
Authors: Balčiauskas Linas , Balčiauskienė Laima
Published: December 2024

We assessed the sexual size dimorphism (SSD), analyzing standard morphometric traits in juveniles, subadults, and adults, of 14 species of voles, mice, and shrews in Lithuania on the basis of long-term surveys, updating information published 35 years ago and in the context of data from other countries. ANOVA, t-tests, and a 5% threshold were used in the analyses. Male-biased SSD was observed in Apodemus flavicollis and Alexandromys oeconomus, which was subject to Rensch’s rule, and in three other meadow vole species, with the strongest expression in adult individuals. Female-biased SSD was best expressed in Clethrionomys glareolus and was also identified in four mouse species, although patterns were less consistent across age groups. Shrews and the smallest mouse, Apodemus uralensis, exhibited monomorphic traits. The transition of dimorphism during postnatal development was observed in some species. We present an assessment of SSD in Microtus rossiaemeridionalis and Sicista betulina, the less common small mammals not analyzed in publications by other authors, and provide new baseline data for boreal mid-latitude small mammal species as a foundation for future studies on SSD and its adaptive significance under shifting ecological pressures or climate change.
ROS, an Important Plant Growth Regulator in Root Growth and Development: Functional Genes and Mechanism
Authors: Su Jialin , Liu Yumei , Han Fengqing , Gao Fuxin , Gan Fangyi , Huang Ke , Li Zhansheng
Published: December 2024

Roots are fundamental to the growth, development, and survival of plants. Beyond anchoring the plant, roots absorb water and nutrients, supporting the plant’s ability to grow and function normally. Root systems, originating from the apical meristem, exhibit significant diversity depending on the plant species. ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism, present in both above- and below-ground plant tissues. While ROS were once considered merely harmful byproducts of oxygen metabolism, they are now recognized as critical signaling molecules that regulate plant growth and development. Under stress conditions, plants produce elevated levels of ROS, which can inhibit growth. However, moderate ROS levels act as signals that integrate various regulatory pathways, contributing to normal plant development. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on how ROS precisely regulate root growth and development. This review provides an overview of ROS production pathways and their regulatory mechanisms in plants, with a particular focus on their influence on root development.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Biologically Active H-Phosphinic Analogue of α-Ketoglutarate
Authors: Filonov Vsevolod L. , Khomutov Maxim A. , Tkachev Yaroslav V. , Udod Artem V. , Yanvarev Dmitry V. , Giovannercole Fabio , Khurs Elena N. , Kochetkov Sergei N. , De Biase Daniela , Khomutov Alex R.
Published: December 2024

Amino acid analogues with a phosphorus-containing moiety replacing the carboxylic group are promising sources of biologically active compounds. The H-phosphinic group, with hydrogen–phosphorus–carbon (H-P-C) bonds and a flattened tetrahedral configuration, is a bioisostere of the carboxylic group. Consequently, amino-H-phosphinic acids undergo substrate-like enzymatic transformations, leading to new biologically active metabolites. Previous studies employing NMR-based metabolomic and proteomic analyses show that in Escherichia coli, α-KG-γ-PH (the distal H-phosphinic analogue of α-ketoglutarate) can be converted into L-Glu-γ-PH. Notably, α-KG-γ-PH and L-Glu-γ-PH are antibacterial compounds, but their intracellular targets only partially overlap. L-Glu-γ-PH is known to be a substrate of aspartate transaminase and glutamate decarboxylase, but its substrate properties with NAD+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) have never been investigated. Compounds containing P-H bonds are strong reducing agents; therefore, enzymatic NAD+-dependent oxidation is not self-evident. Herein, we demonstrate that L-Glu-γ-PH is a substrate of eukaryotic GDH and that the pH optimum of L-Glu-γ-PH NAD+-dependent oxidative deamination is shifted to a slightly alkaline pH range compared to L-glutamate. By 31P NMR, we observe that α-KG-γ-PH exists in a pH-dependent equilibrium of keto and germinal diol forms. Furthermore, the stereospecific enzymatic synthesis of α-KG-γ-PH from L-Glu-γ-PH using GDH is a possible route for its bio-based synthesis.
Exploring Distinct Second-Order Data Approaches for Thiamine Quantification via Carbon Dot/Silver Nanoparticle FRET Reversion
Authors: Castro Rafael C. , Páscoa Ricardo N. M. J. , Saraiva M. Lúcia M. F. S. , Santos João L. M. , Ribeiro David S. M.
Published: December 2024

Accurate and selective monitoring of thiamine levels in multivitamin supplements is essential for preventing deficiencies and ensuring product quality. To achieve this, a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system using carbon dots (CDs) as energy donors and citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as energy acceptors was developed. The aqueous synthesis of AgNPs using microwave irradiation was optimized to obtain efficient plasmonic nanoparticles for FRET applications, targeting maximal absorbance intensity, stability, and wavelength alignment. Using a central composite orthogonal design (CCOD), the optimal conditions were identified as a 12.5 min microwave reaction time, a Ag molar ratio of 0.72, and a pH of 8.28. The FRET sensing scheme was applied for thiamine determination, where the vitamin’s presence impaired the FRET process, restoring CDs’ photoluminescence (PL) emission in a concentration-dependent manner. To mitigate interference from other vitamins, PL kinetic data and excitation–emission matrix (EEM) data were analyzed using unfolded partial least-squares (U-PLS) with the subsequent application of the residual bilinearization technique (RBL), achieving high sensitivity and specificity for thiamine detection. This method demonstrated its accuracy and robustness by attaining a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.952 and a relative error of prediction (REP%) of 11%. This novel method offers highly sensitive and interference-free thiamine detection, with significant potential for a wide range of analytical applications.
A Systematic Review of Research Patterns and Trends in Early Childhood Education Teacher Well-Being from 1993 to 2023: A Trajectory Landscape
Authors: Li Xinlin , Zhang Lutong , Lee John Chi-Kin , Chen Junjun
Published: December 2024

This current systematic review of research represents an attempt to unveil a descriptive picture of the evolving state of the body of knowledge about the well-being of early childhood education (ECE) teachers over 31 years from 1993 to 2023. In this review, 167 articles selected from SCOPUS are analysed using a descriptive quantitative approach. The analysis shows that quantitative research methods and empirical research are predominant in this field. Significant increases have been identified in qualitative and mixed-method research approaches in recent years, presaging a more balanced knowledge base in the near future. However, there has been little change in the scarcity of other research types. Meanwhile, the fragmented conceptualization of well-being, as well as its corresponding measurement, remains an outstanding issue. Overall, this review lays the groundwork for an understanding of the current trajectory of well-being research, especially with respect to ECE teachers, from a developmental perspective.
Digital Prototyping and Regenerative Design Toward Carbon-Neutrality and a Climate Resilient Built Environment: A Multi-Scale Assessment of Environmental Multi-Risks
Authors: Lucanto Domenico , Nava Consuelo , Mangano Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

This study addresses the urgent need to move the construction sector toward carbon neutrality and climate resilience, by considering the increasingly intense impacts of climate change. The research aims to evaluate the application of advanced digital prototyping tools and regenerative design principles to identify environmental risks at different scales, with a particular focus on cultural and natural heritage. The hypothesis is that the integration of climate data and predictive models with regenerative design can overcome existing barriers to sustainable practices and significantly enhance the adaptive capacity of the built environment, particularly in safeguarding cultural and natural heritage against the multi-hazard impacts of climate change. To test this hypothesis, an experimental study is conducted using a combination of climate data, advanced modeling and regenerative design tools to assess and manage multi-hazard impacts on cultural and natural heritage. Two case studies were analyzed: Palizzi Marina, a coastal town vulnerable to sea level rise and flooding, and Palazzo Mesiani in Bova, a historic building exposed to increased solar radiation and temperatures. This type of analysis has enabled a comprehensive multi-scenario and multi-hazard assessment that offers a detailed overview of the risks to be considered in the design phase. In conclusion, the research underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and emerging technologies in resilient design frameworks. By integrating climate data and predictive models with regenerative design methodologies, this study can significantly contribute to enhancing the adaptive capacity of the built environment. This approach aids in the transition of the construction sector toward sustainability and climate resilience, particularly in protecting cultural and natural heritage.
Optimizing Pipeline Bridge Components Through FEA Technical Validation
Authors: Tănase Maria , Portoacă Alexandra Ileana , Zeca Ecaterina Daniela , Păunescu Loredana Maria
Published: December 2024

Pipeline bridges are structures characterized by their triangular truss designs, which provide support and stability for pipelines. They have been used for centuries to span gaps and are still widely employed today in various forms and applications. This paper aims to explore the technical and economic aspects associated with optimizing the performance of a pipeline bridge by modifying the constitutive elements. It was investigated how variations in geometric elements and other design characteristics can influence the stress state and the associated material costs, so as to find solutions and strategies that allow the obtaining of a more efficient, safer, and more economical structure, without compromising quality or safety. Different construction scenarios were analyzed, revealing a stress increase of up to 54.77% in comparison to the lowest stress scenario (Scenario 6). Lower stress values were achieved using thicker pipes, with minimal influence from angle dimensions. A statistical analysis using ANOVA, performed in Minitab, showed that both maximum stress and material costs are predominantly influenced by pipe type (99.7% and 81.72%, respectively), rather than angle size. The optimal solution for minimizing stress and costs was determined to be the combination of angle C1 (30 × 30 × 3 mm) and pipe T3 (60.3 × 3.6 mm). This work contributes to the state of practices by providing detailed guidelines on selecting structural configurations that balance cost and performance, making it highly relevant for the design and optimization of pipeline bridges.
Molecular Profiling of A549 Cell-Derived Exosomes: Proteomic, miRNA, and Interactome Analysis for Identifying Potential Key Regulators in Lung Cancer
Authors: Giannopoulos-Dimitriou Alexandros , Saiti Aikaterini , Malousi Andigoni , Anagnostopoulos Athanasios K. , Vatsellas Giannis , Al-Maghrabi Passant M. , Müllertz Anette , Fatouros Dimitrios G. , Vizirianakis Ioannis S.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles released by all cells, play a key role in intercellular communication and carry tumorigenic properties that impact surrounding or distant cells. The complexity of the exosomal molecular interactome and its effects on recipient cells still remain unclear. This study aims to decipher the molecular profile and interactome of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell-derived exosomes using multi-omics and bioinformatics approaches. Methods: We performed comprehensive morphological and physicochemical characterization of exosomes isolated from cell culture supernatant of A549 cells in vitro, using DLS, cryo-TEM, Western blot, and flow cytometry. Proteomic and miRNA high-throughput profiling, coupled with bioinformatics network analysis, were applied to elucidate the exosome molecular cargo. A comparative miRNA analysis was also conducted with exosomes derived from normal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. Results: Exosomes exhibited an average size of ~40 nm and disk-shaped lipid bilayer structures, with tetraspanins CD9 and CD63 validated as exosomal markers. Proteomic analysis identified 68 proteins, primarily linked to the extracellular matrix organization and metabolic processes. miRNA sequencing revealed 72 miRNAs, notably hsa-miR-619-5p, hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-9901, hsa-miR-7704, and hsa-miR-151a-3p, which are involved in regulating metabolic processes, gene expression, and tumorigenic pathways. Th integration of proteomic and miRNA data through a proteogenomics approach identified dually affected genes including ERBB2, CD44, and APOE, impacted by both exosomal miRNA targeting and protein interactions through synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Differential analysis revealed a distinct miRNA profile in A549 exosomes, associated with cancer-related biological processes, compared to MRC-5 exosomes; notably, hsa-miR-619-5p emerged as a promising candidate for future clinical biomarker studies. The network analysis also revealed genes targeted by multiple upregulated tumor-associated miRNAs in potential exosome-recipient cells. Conclusions: This integrative study provides insights into the molecular interactome of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell-derived exosomes, providing a foundation for future research on exosomal cargo and its role in tumor cell communication, growth, and progression.
Intratumoral Flow Void Diameter as a Predictor of High Intraoperative Blood Loss in Palliative Excisional Surgery for Metastatic Spinal Tumors
Authors: Ishino Yuji , Kato Satoshi , Yokogawa Noriaki , Shimizu Takaki , Kawai Masafumi , Uto Takaaki , Nanpo Kazuhiro , Kawai Megumu , Demura Satoru
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Massive intraoperative blood loss (IBL) is one of the major complications in metastatic spinal tumor surgery (MSTS), and understanding the predictors of this risk is essential. This study aimed to determine the impact of the intratumoral flow void (IFV) observed on standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its association with IBL in palliative surgery for metastatic spinal tumors. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 88 palliative excisional surgeries performed at a single hospital between 2010 and 2024. Factors such as age, sex, body mass index, tumor location, histological tumor type, spinal instability neoplastic score, revised Tokuhashi score, preoperative radiation, presence of IFV, and IFV diameter were assessed in addition to surgical details such as the number of resected and instrumented vertebrae and surgical duration. Results: Of the 88 patients, 71 (80.7%) exhibited IFV, with a mean IFV diameter of 1.8 ± 1.3 mm. The univariate analysis identified a significant association between IBL and several factors, including the presence of IFV, IFV diameter, hypervascular tumor type, number of instrumented vertebrae, and surgical duration. The multivariate analysis indicated that IFV diameter had the highest standardized coefficient among the examined variables, suggesting its strong potential as a predictor of IBL. Conclusions: This is the first study to identify the IFV diameter as a critical and independent predictor of IBL in MSTS. IFV diameter, which can be easily assessed using standard MRI, should be considered in surgical planning to effectively manage bleeding.
Role of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Genitourinary Malignancies
Authors: Khorasanchi Adam , Jatwani Karan , Meng Lingbin , Collier Katharine A. , Sundi Debasish , Dason Shawn , Singer Eric A. , Gopalakrishnan Dharmesh , Mortazavi Amir , Chatta Gurkamal , Yang Yuanquan
Published: December 2024

Genitourinary (GU) malignancies are common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In patients with localized GU cancers, surgical resection or definitive radiation remain the mainstays of treatment. Despite definitive treatment, many patients with high-risk localized disease experience recurrence. There is growing interest in using neoadjuvant immunotherapy to improve outcomes. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence for neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with localized high-risk GU cancers including renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, prostate cancer, penile squamous cell carcinoma, and testicular germ cell tumors. We also discuss ongoing clinical trials and candidate biomarkers to optimize patient selection and improve treatment outcomes.
Hydrogenolysis of Bio-Glycerol over In Situ Generated Nanosized Cu-ZnO Catalysts
Authors: Porukova Iuliana , Samoilov Vadim , Lavrentev Vladimir , Ramazanov Dzhamalutdin , Maximov Anton
Published: December 2024

Due to the growth of biodiesel production, utilization of the glycerol formed as a by-product is still of considerable importance. This study is devoted to a novel approach for glycerol hydrogenolysis with use of in situ generated Cu-ZnO catalysts. The main product formed is 1,2-propanediol, with the by-products being lactic acid and ethylene glycol. The Cu-ZnO catalysts are characterized by AAS, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDX, BET, and chemisorption N2O. The proportion of ZnO turns out to have a significant effect on the activity and selectivity of the catalyst formed. Increasing the ZnO content enables one to obtain more dispersed, active, selective, and agglomeration-resistant catalysts. The transition from monometallic Cu catalysts to Cu-ZnO with a ZnO content of 65 wt% allows one to increase selectivity from 74 to 86%, TOF from 0.136 to 0.511 s−1, and SCu from 1.9 to 7.1 m2/g-Cu. The morphology of the synthesized Cu-ZnO catalysts resembles the structure of oxide/metal inverse catalysts.
Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor Among Lebanese Patients with Substance Use Disorder Undergoing Treatment for Recovery Through Rehabilitation or Opioid Substitution Treatment
Authors: Mahboub Nadine , Ayoub Elissa , Mounzer Carine , Baltagi Tatiana Kate , Papandreou Dimitrios , de Vries Nanne , Rizk Rana
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Data about metabolic syndrome (MS) in people who use drugs (PWUD) undergoing treatment for recovery are limited. We aimed to explore the extent of the MS and its predominant components and determinants in a sample of PWUD undergoing treatment for recovery through rehabilitation or opioid substitution treatment (OST) in Lebanon. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of each treatment modality on the MS; Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, in which demographics and treatment-related, nutritional, and biochemical data of the participants were collected. MS was defined according to the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criteria. Descriptive statistics were presented, and bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted; Results: A total of 155 male subjects with the following characteristics were included: OST: n = 80; rehabilitation: n = 75; mean age: 32.53 ± 8.39 years; mean body mass index (BMI): 27.41 ± 4.99 Kg/m2; mean duration of treatment: 18 months. More than half of the sample had low HDL-C (56.8%) and/or elevated blood pressure (51.6%), 42.9% had elevated WC, 21.9% had elevated TG, and 12.3% had elevated FBS. Furthermore, 7.2% of the sample had no components of the MS, 29.2% had one component, 40.9% had two components, 16.9% had three components, and 5.8% had four components. MS was identified in 22.7% of the sample. Higher age was associated with higher odds of being diagnosed with MS (OR = 1.072; 95% CI: 1.021–1.126), whereas higher duration of current treatment was associated with lower odds (OR = 0.969; 95% CI: 0.944–0.995); Conclusions: MS and its components are prevalent in PWUD undergoing treatment for recovery. Routine screening and preventive measures are essential to prevent metabolic syndrome, particularly among older people and treatment newcomers.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steel/Lead Bi-Metal Tubes Produced by Magnetic Pulse Welding
Authors: Yang Chuan , Jiang Rui , Wu He , Chen Xiaolei
Published: December 2024

According to the binary phase diagram, Fe-Pb are immiscible under equilibrium conditions and are hard to metallurgically bond. To solve this problem, in this work, the instantaneous high-temperature and high-pressure environments generated during electromagnetic pulse welding (MPW) were utilized to achieve the miscibility of Fe and Pb, enabling the effective bonding of Fe-Pb bi-metallic tubes. The effects of MPW parameters, including discharge voltage and radial gap, on interfacial bond strength and microstructure were analyzed. Optimal bonding occurred at 10.5 kV discharge voltage and a 1.6 mm radial gap, forming a continuous transition layer. Lower energy input reduced bond strength, while excessive energy caused shear deformations. Microstructure analysis revealed that the diffusion zone significantly enhanced the bond strength. Measured bond strength values were 7.6 MPa at optimal conditions. These results demonstrate that MPW is a feasible method for fabricating Fe-Pb bi-metal tubes, offering a promising way for immiscible metals metallurgical welding.
High-Pressure Gas Adsorption on Covalent Organic Framework CTF-1
Authors: Deyko Gregory S. , Zakharov Valery N. , Glukhov Lev M. , Charkin Dmitry O. , Kultin Dmitry Yu. , Chernyshev Vladimir V. , Aslanov Leonid A. , Kustov Leonid M.
Published: December 2024

Triazine-based covalent organic framework CTF-1 was synthesized via polymerization of 1,4-dicyanobenzene in the presence of zinc chloride. Two different methods of the post-synthesis treatment of the obtained material were compared. It was demonstrated that ultrasonication effectively removes impurities from CTF-1. Adsorption of hydrocarbon gases (methane and ethane) and carbon dioxide was measured at 298 K in a wide pressure range for the first time. Ideal selectivity and IAST values for methane/ethane and methane/CO2 pairs were calculated from the obtained isotherms.
The Impact of E-Cigarettes on Oral Health—A Narrative Review
Authors: Cichońska Dominika , Kusiak Aida , Goniewicz Maciej L.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are commonly used by former smokers as an alternative product to conventional cigarettes and also by young adults and adolescents to deliver nicotine. E-cigarettes are thought to be a less harmful and more socially acceptable alternative to tobacco smoking; however, their long-term effects on health, including oral health, are currently unknown. Methods: A literature search for relevant papers indexed in the literature from 2016 to 2023 was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. In our paper, we included clinical trials and both in vivo and in vitro research concerning the impact of e-cigarettes on oral health. Results: E-cigarettes impact the oral cavity, which is directly exposed to inhaled chemicals present in e-cigarette aerosols. The use of e-cigarettes has been linked to teeth discoloration and dental caries, promoting the development of periodontal diseases and causing oral mucosa lesions, including oral cancer. E-cigarette aerosols might also negatively affect the oral microbiome by suppressing the growth of commensal bacteria and increasing the population of bacteria responsible for developing numerous oral disorders. E-cigarettes also impact saliva composition and its properties, including reducing saliva’s antibacterial and antioxidant properties, which may subsequently lead to the promotion of oral diseases. Conclusions: The outcomes suggest that e-cigarette usage may cause the development of oral diseases, however further longitudinal studies of a larger and homogenous group of e-cigarette users are required.
Detecting Aggression in Language: From Diverse Data to Robust Classifiers
Authors: Wawer Aleksander , Mykowiecka Agnieszka , Żuk Bartosz
Published: December 2024

The automatic detection of aggressive language is a difficult challenge. Currently, three datasets are available in Polish, enabling the training of machine learning models to recognise different types of linguistic aggression. In this paper, we address the issues of the transferability of knowledge between datasets and training a single model that works best on all types of aggression. Due to data imbalance, we experiment with two loss functions dedicated to training on imbalanced data: Weighted Cross-Entropy and Focal loss. Using the Polish language HerBERT model, we present the results of experiments in the Cross-dataset scenario and the model results using the combined data. Our results show that (1) combining diverse types of linguistic aggression during training leads to a better-performing classifier and (2) Weighted Cross-Entropy outperforms other tested loss functions.
Unified Generative Data Augmentation for Efficient Solar Panel Soiling Localization
Authors: Go Seung-Eun , Kim Jeong-Hun , Chuluunsaikhan Tserenpurev , Choi Woo-Seok , Choi Sang-Hyun , Nasridinov Aziz
Published: December 2024

As the usage of solar power generation increases, it has become essential to predict power generation accurately. Among the various factors that affect solar power generation, soiling on the panel surface drastically reduces solar power generation. Therefore, accurately identifying the area of soiling on the panel surface helps predict solar power generation. However, most existing studies classify the presence or absence of soiling on the panel or the type of soiling. Additionally, current datasets used for training these models, such as the Solar Panel Soiling Image (SPSI) dataset, suffer from limitations, including a lack of diversity in panel types and a small number of unique soiling shapes. To address these issues, we propose three novel data augmentation techniques—Naïve, Realistic, and Translucent—that generate diverse solar panel images with various soiling patterns. Using Pix2Pix and Copy-Paste methods, we created three corresponding datasets to address the imbalances in the existing SPSI dataset. We trained the DeepLabV3+ model for soiling localization using both the original SPSI dataset and our augmented datasets. Experimental evaluations on real-world solar panels installed at Chungbuk National University demonstrated that models trained on our proposed datasets significantly outperform those trained on SPSI data, with improvements in the Jaccard Index of 3.3%, 2.4%, and 14.6% for the Naïve, Realistic, and Translucent datasets, respectively. These results highlight the effectiveness of our data augmentation techniques for improving soiling localization in solar panels.
Detection of Defective Apples Using Learnable Residual Multi-Head Attention Networks Integrated with CNNs
Authors: Bao Dongshu , Liu Xiangyang , Xu Yong , Fang Qun , He Xin
Published: December 2024

Many traditional fruit vendors still rely on manual sorting to pick out high-quality apples. This process is not only time-consuming but can also damage the apples. Meanwhile, automated detection technology is still in its early stage and lacks full reliability. To improve this technology, we propose a novel method, which incorporates a learnable scaling factor and residual connection to enhance the Multi-Head Attention mechanism. In our approach, a learnable scaling factor is first applied to adjust the attention weights dynamically, and then a residual connection combines the scaled attention output with the original input to preserve essential features from the initial data. By integrating Multi-Head Attention with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) using this method, we propose a lightweight deep learning model called “Learnable Residual Multi-Head Attention Networks Fusion with CNNs” to detect defective apples. Compared to existing models, our proposed model has lower memory usage, shorter training time, and higher detection precision. On the test set, the model achieves an accuracy of 97.5%, a recall of 98%, and a specificity of 97%, along with the lowest detection time of 46 ms. Experimental results show that the proposed model using our method is highly promising for commercial sorting, as it reduces labor costs, increases the supply of high-quality apples, and boosts consumer satisfaction.
Attentional Convolutional Neural Network Based on Distinction Enhancement and Information Fusion for FDIA Detection in Power Systems
Authors: Luo Chuan , Zhou Zhiyong , Jiang Rui , Zheng Bochuan
Published: December 2024

A false data injection attack (FDIA) is one of the major threats to power systems, and identifying false data is critical to the stable operation of power systems. However, false data that closely resemble normal data hinder the accuracy of existing detection methods, and their performance further declines when exposed to ambient noise. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an attentional convolutional neural network based on distinction enhancement and information fusion (DEIF-ACNN) for FDIA detection. Firstly, by minimizing the loss of reconstruction and discrimination, this paper designed an autoencoder with a discriminator for normal data (NAE), which had the characteristic of producing a small loss for normal data. Secondly, the trained NAE is utilized to compute the feature correlation matrix between the original and reconstructed data to enhance the distinction between normal and false data. Finally, to enhance feature extraction and suppress ambient noise interference in detection, DEIF-ACNN incorporates a convolutional block attention module (CBAM) to emphasize key feature channels and highlight crucial regions in the feature matrix. Experimental results show that DEIF-ACNN outperforms other FDIA detection methods on IEEE-9, IEEE-14, and IEEE-118 bus power systems, achieving an accuracy of 99.22%, 99.83%, and 100.00%, respectively. In addition, the method exhibits the best robustness under different noise environments, and its accuracy is maintained at about 80%.
HROB Is Implicated in DNA Replication
Authors: Kutz Julia , Schmietendorf Hannes , Rahman Sheikh Anika , Opel Franz , Pospiech Helmut
Published: December 2024

DNA replication represents a series of precisely regulated events performed by a complex protein machinery that guarantees accurate duplication of the genetic information. Since DNA replication is permanently faced by a variety of exogenous and endogenous stressors, DNA damage response, repair and replication must be closely coordinated to maintain genomic integrity. HROB has been identified recently as a binding partner and activator of the Mcm8/9 helicase involved in DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair. We identified HROB independently as a nuclear protein whose expression is co-regulated with various DNA replication factors. Accordingly, the HROB protein level showed a maximum in S phase and a downregulation in quiescence. Structural prediction and homology searches revealed that HROB is a largely intrinsically disordered protein bearing a helix-rich region and a canonical oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding-fold motif that originated early in eukaryotic evolution. Employing a flow cytometry Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay, we detected associations between HROB and proteins of the DNA replication machinery. Moreover, ectopic expression of HROB protein led to an almost complete shutdown of DNA replication. The available data imply a function for HROB during DNA replication across barriers such as ICLs.
Concurrent Experience of Self-Reported Mental Health Symptoms and Problematic Substance Use During the First Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Canadian Adults: Evidence from a Repeated Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Ahmed Md Sabbir , Bartram Mary , Gabrys Robert , Mela Mansfield , Muhajarine Nazeem
Published: December 2024

This study was aimed at identifying the prevalence of concurrent experience, poor mental health and problematic substance use, and its associated factors, among Canadian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. A nationwide repeated cross-sectional sample of 14,897 Canadian adults (quota-sampled, weighted) were recruited on ten occasions between October 2020 and March 2022 using online panels. Concurrent experience was defined as mild to severe symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and/or anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) AND meeting screening criteria for problematic cannabis (Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test-Revised) and/or problematic alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test). Multivariable binary logistic regression models were fitted to identify the associated factors of concurrent experience using Stata v14.2 SE software. The pooled prevalence of concurrent experience was 17.12%, and 45.54% of the participants reported at least one experience (mental health symptoms or problematic substance use). The highest prevalence of concurrent experience per province was reported in Saskatchewan (19.4%) and the lowest in Quebec (13.6%). Younger adults, male respondents, those identifying as 2SLGBTQ+, self-reporting ethnocultural minority status, diagnostic history of mental health and substance use disorder, suicidal ideation, and lower ability to handle unexpected/difficult situations were significantly associated with concurrent experience during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. This analysis showed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted mental health and substance use in interrelated ways. Data-driven province-specific interventions might be helpful toward a client-centered and integrated mental health and substance use care system in Canada.
A Study on the Battery Recycling Process and Risk Estimation
Authors: Kim Taeho , Yoon Cheolhee , Jung Seungho
Published: December 2024

The demand for the use of secondary batteries is increasing rapidly worldwide in order to solve global warming and achieve carbon neutrality. Major minerals used to produce cathode materials, which are key raw materials for secondary batteries, are treated as conflict minerals due to their limited reserves, and accordingly, research on the battery recycling industry is urgent for the sustainable secondary battery industry. There is a significant risk of accidents because there is a lack of prior research data on the battery recycling process and various chemicals are used in the entire recycling process. Therefore, for the safety management of related industries, it is necessary to clearly grasp the battery recycling process and to estimate the risk accordingly. In this study, the process was generalized using the information on the battery recycling process suggested in the preceding literature. And to estimate the relative risk of each battery recycling process, the RAC (Risk Assessment Code) matrix described in the US Department of Defense’s “MIL-STD-882E” was used. Severity was derived by using “NFPA 704”, and probability was derived by combining generalized event analysis for each process and the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) report. The results confirmed that the process using H2SO4 had the highest risk when extracting Li during the leaching process, and that dismantling and heat treatment had the lowest risk. Using the probability factor for each process calculated through the research, it is expected to be used in future battery recycling process research as basic data for quantitative risk assessment of the battery recycling process.
Generic Method for Social–Environmental System Boundary Delineation—An Amalgamation of Spatial Data Integration, Optimization, and User Control for Resource Management
Authors: Parvez Mohammad Shahriyar , Feng Xin
Published: December 2024

The Social–Environmental System (SES) framework is crucial in understanding the intricate interplay between human societies and their environmental contexts. Despite its significance, existing SES delineation methods often rely on subjective judgment and struggle with the non-linear, multi-scale nature of SES data, leading to challenges in effective resource management and policymaking. This research addresses these gaps by proposing a novel, reproducible framework for SES boundary delineation that integrates both vector and raster data, utilizing advanced spatial optimization techniques and dimension reduction algorithms like UMAP to manage the non-linear characteristics of SES. The framework also leverages the SKATER algorithm for precise regionalization, ensuring spatial continuity and compactness while allowing user control over region selection and data dimensions. Applied to the Rio Grande/Bravo Basin, this approach demonstrates the practical utility and computational efficiency of the proposed method, offering a scalable solution adaptable to various regions. While focusing on this transboundary area, the study underscores how its framework can be generalized globally for addressing socio-environmental challenges while maintaining flexibility to accommodate local and regional specificities. The framework’s reliance on open-source tools further enhances its accessibility and reproducibility, making it a valuable contribution to SES research and practical environmental management.
Pulp or Potential? Magneto-Priming as a Seed Priming Technique Has Little Effect on Seedling Performance but Results in Significant Alteration of trans-Zeatin and cis-Zeatin in Soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Capperauld Michael , Palberg Daniel , Emery R. J. Neil
Published: December 2024

Magneto-priming (MP) has been reported as a sustainable method to enhance crop yield and resistance to adverse environmental conditions; however, any physiochemical basis for these findings remains unavailable. In the present study, soybean (Glycine max) seeds (n = 232) were exposed to a static magnetic field (SMF) of 150–205 mT for 60 min. The effect of SMF exposure on seedling mass, hypocotyl length, radicleemergence rate, total seedling height, leaf area, chlorophyl content, and physiological attributes was evaluated. Differential analysis of the cytokinin (CK) profile of seedling tissues was achieved using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-(ESI)-HRMS/MS). Results indicate that MP seedlings achieved radicle emergence earlier; however, no other statistically significant differences could be established. The absence in significant improvement in the agronomic and physiological attributes measured is in stark contrast to the results reported in other studies. Nonetheless, significant differences were found in the concentrations of trans-Zeatin (tZ) and cis-Zeatin (cZ) between control and MP plants. These results are incongruent as it would be assumed that insignificant differences in agronomic and physiological properties would align with phytohormone profiles. Future work should be performed to determine if there are any meaningful bioeffects that can be assigned to MP-generated hormone changes.
Dietary Influences on the Longevity and Reproductive Success of Anopheles aquasalis in Laboratory Studies: Sucrose vs. Honey
Authors: Rezende Fernanda Oliveira , da Silva Dimas Augusto , Comini Sara , de Mendonça Silvana , Santos Ellen , Baldon Lívia , Marçal Bruno , de Freitas Amanda Cupertino , Moreira Rafaela , Sousa Viviane , Lima Mariana , Rocha Marcele , Moreira Luciano A. , Ferreira Alvaro
Published: December 2024

Malaria continues to be a major public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions. Anopheles aquasalis, a key laboratory model for malaria research, plays a critical role in the study of vector–parasite interactions. Although vector life traits and environmental factors such as age and resource availability can influence the transmission potential of mosquitoes for Plasmodium parasites, the impact of different adult diets on their survival and reproductive fitness remains underexplored. This study investigates the effects of sucrose and honey diets on the longevity, fertility, and fecundity of Anopheles aquasalis under controlled laboratory conditions. Our results demonstrate that the type of diet significantly affects mosquito survival and reproductive output. Specifically, mosquitoes consuming honey exhibited a substantially longer lifespan and higher fecundity compared to those fed on sucrose. Additionally, eggs laid by honey-fed females had notably higher hatching success rates than those from sucrose-fed females. These findings underscore the profound impact of dietary choices on the reproductive fitness of Anopheles aquasalis, with important implications for laboratory studies focusing on vector–parasite interactions. This study highlights the need for a careful consideration of diet in vector research to ensure accurate assessment of vector competence and disease transmission.