bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parametric simulation of micropolar fluid with thermal radiation across a porous stretching surface
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Saeed Anwar , Gul Taza , Kumam Wiyada , Mukhtar Safyan , Kumam Poom
Published: February 2022

The energy transmission through micropolar fluid have a broad range implementation in the field of electronics, textiles, spacecraft, power generation and nuclear power plants. Thermal radiation's influence on an incompressible thermo-convective flow of micropolar fluid across a permeable extensible sheet with energy and mass transition is reported in the present study. The governing equations consist of Navier–Stokes equation, micro rotation, temperature and concentration equations have been modeled in the form of the system of Partial Differential Equations. The system of basic equations is reduced into a nonlinear system of coupled ODE's by using a similarity framework. The numerical solution of the problem has been obtained via PCM (Parametric Continuation Method). The findings are compared to a MATLAB built-in package called bvp4c to ensure that the scheme is valid. It has been perceived that both the results are in best agreement with each other. The effects of associated parameters on the dimensionless velocity, micro-rotation, energy and mass profiles are discussed and depicted graphically. It has been detected that the permeability parameter gives rise in micro-rotation profile.
Genome editing with removable TALEN vectors harboring a yeast centromere and autonomous replication sequence in oleaginous microalga
Authors: Kurita Tomokazu , Iwai Masako , Moroi Keishi , Okazaki Kumiko , Nomura Seiji , Saito Fumihiko , Maeda Shinichiro , Takami Akihide , Sakamoto Atsushi , Ohta Hiroyuki , Sakuma Tetsushi , Yamamoto Takashi
Published: February 2022

Algal lipids are expected to become a basis for sustainable fuels because of the highly efficient lipid production by photosynthesis accompanied by carbon dioxide assimilation. Molecular breeding of microalgae has been studied to improve algal lipid production, but the resultant gene-modified algae containing transgenes are rarely used for outdoor culture because the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is strictly restricted under biocontainment regulations. Recently, it was reported that plasmids containing yeast centromere and autonomous replication sequence (CEN/ARS) behaved as episomes in Nannochloropsis species. We previously reported that the Platinum TALEN (PtTALEN) system exhibited high activity in Nannochloropsis oceanica. Therefore, we attempted to develop a genome editing system in which the expression vectors for PtTALEN can be removed from host cells after introduction of mutations. Using all-in-one PtTALEN plasmids containing CEN/ARS, targeted mutations and removal of all-in-one vectors were observed in N. oceanica, suggesting that our all-in-one PtTALEN vectors enable the construction of mutated N. oceanica without any transgenes. This system will be a feasible method for constructing non-GMO high-performance algae.
The metabolomics profile of growth rate in grazing beef cattle
Authors: Imaz José Augusto , García Sergio , González Luciano Adrián
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to determine the relationship between the metabolome and changes in growth rate (i.e., liveweight change, LWC) and molasses-lick block supplement intake (MLB) of grazing cattle. Weaner beef cattle were fed for 220 days with a sequence of feed types and blood samples, growth rate, and supplement intake were taken on five points in time. The relative abundance (RA) of plasma metabolites were determined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Sixty-four per cent of the metabolites identified were associated with LWC but only 26% with MLB intake (P < 0.05). Periods with faster growth rate showed high availability of amino acids (i.e., valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine), acetate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate. Periods with lower growth rate were associated with high RA of lipids, choline and acetate. The metabolic profile of individual animals during a period of compensatory growth (after periods of poor performance) showed that high-performing animals were characterised by lower RA of amino acids (i.e., valine, leucine, isoleucine, methylhistidine), creatinine, creatine, pyruvate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and acetyl groups. It is speculated that high-performing animals have faster uptake of these metabolites from the bloodstream. Cattle growth rate over time was associated with their metabolome which could be used to ensure that the availability of certain metabolites promoting growth is tailored in feed supplements to improve production.
Noble metal alloy thin films by atomic layer deposition and rapid Joule heating
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Zou Yiming , Cheng Chunyu , Wang Leyan , Made Riko I , Goei Ronn , Tan Kwan Wee , Li Shuzhou , Tok Alfred Iing Yoong
Published: February 2022

Metal alloys are usually fabricated by melting constituent metals together or sintering metal alloy particles made by high energy ball milling (mechanical alloying). All these methods only allow for bulk alloys to be formed. This manuscript details a new method of fabricating Rhodium–Iridium (Rh–Ir) metal alloy films using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and rapid Joule heating induced alloying that gives functional thin film alloys, enabling conformal thin films with high aspect ratios on 3D nanostructured substrate. In this work, ALD was used to deposit Rh thin film on an Al2O3 substrate, followed by an Ir overlayer on top of the Rh film. The multilayered structure was then alloyed/sintered using rapid Joule heating. We can precisely control the thickness of the resultant alloy films down to the atomic scale. The Rh–Ir alloy thin films were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to study their microstructural characteristics which showed the morphology difference before and after rapid Joule heating and confirmed the interdiffusion between Rh and Ir during rapid Joule heating. The diffraction peak shift was observed by Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) indicating the formation of Rh–Ir thin film alloys after rapid Joule heating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was also carried out and implied the formation of Rh–Ir alloy. Molecular dynamics simulation experiments of Rh–Ir alloys using Large-Scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) were performed to elucidate the alloying mechanism during the rapid heating process, corroborating the experimental results.
Macrophage Jak2 deficiency accelerates atherosclerosis through defects in cholesterol efflux
Authors: Dotan Idit , Yang Jiaqi , Ikeda Jiro , Roth Ziv , Pollock-Tahiri Evan , Desai Harsh , Sivasubramaniyam Tharini , Rehal Sonia , Rapps Josh , Li Yu Zhe , Le Helen , Farber Gedaliah , Alchami Edouard , Xiao Changting , Karim Saraf , Gronda Marcela , Saikali Michael F. , Tirosh Amit , Wagner Kay-Uwe , Genest Jacques , Schimmer Aaron D. , Gupta Vikas , Minden Mark D. , Cummins Carolyn L. , Lewis Gary F. , Robbins Clinton , Jongstra-Bilen Jenny , Cybulsky Myron , Woo Minna
Published: February 2022

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition in which macrophages play a major role. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a pivotal molecule in inflammatory and metabolic signaling, and Jak2V617F activating mutation has recently been implicated with enhancing clonal hematopoiesis and atherosclerosis. To determine the essential in vivo role of macrophage (M)-Jak2 in atherosclerosis, we generate atherosclerosis-prone ApoE-null mice deficient in M-Jak2. Contrary to our expectation, these mice exhibit increased plaque burden with no differences in macrophage proliferation, recruitment or bone marrow clonal expansion. Notably, M-Jak2-deficient bone marrow derived macrophages show a significant defect in cholesterol efflux. Pharmacologic JAK2 inhibition with ruxolitinib also leads to defects in cholesterol efflux and accelerates atherosclerosis. Liver X receptor agonist abolishes the efflux defect and attenuates the accelerated atherosclerosis that occurs with M-Jak2 deficiency. Macrophages of individuals with the Jak2V617F mutation show increased efflux which is normalized when treated with a JAK2 inhibitor. Together, M-Jak2-deficiency leads to accelerated atherosclerosis primarily through defects in cholesterol efflux from macrophages.
Paving the way towards continuous biosensing by implementing affinity-based nanoswitches on state-dependent readout platforms
Authors: Dillen Annelies , Lammertyn Jeroen
Published: February 2022

Combining affinity-based nanoswitches with state-dependent readout platforms allows for continuous biosensing and acquisition of real-time information about biochemical processes occurring in the environment of interest.
Computational design and experimental characterisation of a stable human heparanase variant
Authors: Whitefield Cassidy , Hong Nansook , Mitchell Joshua A. , Jackson Colin J.
Published: February 2022

A mutant heparanase that exhibits wild type structure and activity but can be heterologously produced in bacterial protein expression systems.
Porous organic–inorganic hybrid materials for catalysis, energy and environmental applications
Authors: Chongdar Sayantan , Bhattacharjee Sudip , Bhanja Piyali , Bhaumik Asim
Published: February 2022

In this feature article, we highlight various synthetic strategies for designing organic–inorganic hybrid porous materials, starting from their molecular building blocks, and their task-specific applications in energy and environmental research.
Theoretical insights into photo-induced isomerization mechanisms of phenylsulfinyl radical PhSO˙
Authors: Liu Meng-Kai , Li Jian , Li Quan-Song , Li Ze-Sheng
Published: February 2022

MS-CASPT2//CASSCF calculations show that the photo-induced isomerization from PhSO˙ to PhOS˙ can easily occur, followed by H-shift and ring-opening reactions via a sulfur atom migration intermediate in conical intersection regions.
Metal-catalyzed asymmetric heteroarylation of alkenes: diverse activation mechanisms
Authors: Teng Shenghan , Zhou Jianrong Steve
Published: February 2022

This review summarizes the state-of-the-art in transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of heteroarenes using alkenes (covering literature from 2000 to late 2021).
Evaluation of anthropogenic emissions of black carbon from East Asia in six inventories: constraints from model simulations and surface observations on Fukue Island, Japan
Authors: Ikeda Kohei , Tanimoto Hiroshi , Kanaya Yugo , Taketani Fumikazu
Published: February 2022

This study evaluates anthropogenic black carbon emissions from East Asia for five global inventories and one regional inventory using a chemical transport model and observations at Fukue Island in Japan.
Flexible polyolefin dielectric by strategic design of organic modules for harsh condition electrification
Authors: Deshmukh Ajinkya A. , Wu Chao , Yassin Omer , Mishra Ankit , Chen Lihua , Alamri Abdullah , Li Zongze , Zhou Jierui , Mutlu Zeynep , Sotzing Michael , Rajak Pankaj , Shukla Stuti , Vellek John , Baferani Mohamadreza Arab , Cakmak Mukerrem , Vashishta Priya , Ramprasad Rampi , Cao Yang , Sotzing Gregory
Published: February 2022

A paradigm-shifting design strategy is demonstrated that unifies the treatment of electronic and conformational properties of polymer dielectrics for concurrent high electric field and elevated temperature harsh conditions.
Towards anin silicointegrated approach for testing and assessment of nanomaterials: from predicted indoor air concentrations to lung dose and biodistribution
Authors: Tsiros P. , Cheimarios N. , Tsoumanis A. , Jensen A. C. Ø. , Melagraki G. , Lynch I. , Sarimveis H. , Afantitis A.
Published: February 2022

Integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) provide a framework for combining different information (experimental orin silico) for hazard characterization of chemicals, including nanomaterials (NM), based on a weight of evidence approach.
Synthesis of Cu-doped 2D-WS2nanosheet-based nano-antibiotic materials for inhibitingE. ColiandS. aureusbacterial strains
Authors: Ashfaq Mohammad , Talreja Neetu , Chauhan Divya , Viswanathan Mangalaraja Ramalinga
Published: February 2022

A new class of nano-antibiotic materials must be developed to treat bacterial infectious diseases. In this context, the synthesizing Cu-metal incorporated WS2 nanosheet (Cu–WS2-NS)-based antibiotic materials might overcome such associated issues.
Hydrothermal water enabling one-pot transformation of amines to alcohols via supported Pd catalysts
Authors: Wu Lanxin , Yang Yang , Cheng Jiong , Wang Xiaoguang , Huang Qing , Jin Fangming
Published: February 2022

One-pot transformation of amines into alcohols was achieved by exploiting the unique characteristics of hydrothermal water, surpassing previous methods which require multiple approaches or complex catalysts.
Efficient electrocatalytic H2 evolution mediated by 2D Janus MoSSe transition metal dichalcogenide
Authors: Pakhira Srimanta , Upadhyay Shrish Nath
Published: February 2022

2D Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (JTMDs) with asymmetric electronic structures have recently attracted intense research interest in modern science and technology.
Synthesis of polycyclic aminal heterocycles via decarboxylative cyclisation of dipeptide derivatives
Authors: Robert Emma G. L. , Le Du Eliott , Waser Jerome
Published: February 2022

A convenient synthesis of structurally diverse N-fused aminal heterocycles from easily accessed dipeptides using the hypervalent iodine reagent PIDA in combination with BF3·OEt2 is described.
Development and translation of a paper-based top readout vertical flow assay for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance
Authors: Jia Huan , Miller Eric A. , Chan Chia Ching , Ng Say Yong , Prabakaran Mookkan , Tao Meng , Cheong Ian Shen-Yi , Lim Sing Mei , Chen Ming Wei , Gao Xiaohong , R. Abirami , McBee Megan E. , Preiser Peter R. , Sikes Hadley D. , Kongsuphol Patthara
Published: February 2022

An enhanced vertical flow assay that allows top readout has been developed and translated into a PoC application for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection with saliva samples, providing a complementary antigen rapid test for COVID-19 surveillance.
3D or not 3D: a guide to assess cell viability in 3D cell systems
Authors: Bikmulina Polina , Kosheleva Nastasia , Efremov Yuri , Antoshin Artem , Heydari Zahra , Kapustina Valentina , Royuk Valery , Mikhaylov Vasily , Fomin Victor , Vosough Massoud , Timashev Peter , Rochev Yury , Shpichka Anastasia
Published: February 2022

The study aims at revealing the influence of particular 3D cell systems’ parameters such as the components’ concentration, gel thickness, cell density, on the cell viability and applicability of standard assays based on different cell properties.
The role of IL-36 subfamily in intestinal disease
Authors: Xu Peng , Guan Haidi , Xiao Weidong , Sun Lihua
Published: February 2022

Interleukin (IL)-36 is a subfamily, of the IL-1 super-family and includes IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-38 and IL-36Ra. IL-36 cytokines are involved in the pathology of multiple tissues, including skin, lung, oral cavity, intestine, kidneys and joints. Recent studies suggest that IL-36 signaling regulates autoimmune disease in addition to antibacterial and antiviral responses. Most research has focused on IL-36 in skin diseases such as psoriasis, however, studies on intestinal diseases are also underway. This review outlines what is known about the bioactivity of the IL-36 subfamily and its role in the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, gut dysbacteriosis and infection, and proposes that IL-36 may be a target for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat intestinal diseases.
A current‐limiting DC circuit breaker with power flow control capability
Authors: Xue Shimin , Chen Xiao , Liu Baibing , Chen Wenjie , Li Botong , Li Bin
Published: February 2022

Power flow controller (PFC), fault current limiter (FCL) and DC circuit breaker (DCCB) are important equipment in the DC grid. There are a large number of power electronic components in these equipment, resulting in high cost. In order to reduce the use of additional components, a current‐limiting DC circuit breaker with power flow control capability is proposed here, which integrates the PFC, FCL, and DCCB into one equipment. Further, the main breaker in the proposed circuit breaker is shared by all lines connected to a DC bus to reduce cost. The topology and operating principle of the circuit breaker are introduced. Theoretical analysis and parameter design are carried out. Besides, the proposed circuit breaker is verified in PSCAD/EMTDC. Finally, the performance and cost are compared with existing schemes. The simulation results show that the proposed circuit breaker can effectively realize power flow control, current limiting and fault isolation at a lower cost.
Enlarging flexibility region of virtual power plant via dynamic line rating
Authors: Tan Zhenfei , Wang Siyu , Zhong Haiwang , Xia Qing , Kang Chongqing
Published: February 2022

The virtual power plant (VPP) can aggregate small‐scale distributed resources to provide flexibility for the transmission system. The flexibility provision capability of the VPP is restricted by technical operating limits of the distribution system to which distributed resources are connected. To facilitate the flexibility provision of the VPP while securing the operation of the local system, this paper leverages the dynamic line rating (DLR) to enlarge the VPP flexibility region. The flexibility region of the VPP is defined as the allowable range of active and reactive power output that the VPP can execute subject to operating constraints of the internal system. With the DLR, the current carrying capacity of the distribution network is dynamically adjusted based on actual environmental conditions, which helps to remove barriers from transmission limits that hinder the integration of distributed flexibility. A convex hull‐based method with an explicit accuracy guarantee is proposed to approximate the flexibility region with the DLR. Case studies based on IEEE‐33 and IEEE‐123 test feeders with real‐world operation data validate the proposed framework.
A new double‐market parallel trading mechanism for competitive electricity markets
Authors: Shang Jingyi , Jiang Xin , Gao Jinfeng , Fu Keyuan , Wen Fushuan
Published: February 2022

The current electricity market trading mechanism mainly includes the bilateral negotiation transaction and centralized transaction, with defects such as information asymmetry, insufficient competition, and weak price discovery. Thus, a new double‐market parallel trading mechanism is proposed to improve the efficiency of the competitive electricity market in this paper. Regard the electricity market as a price‐searching market and divide into two sub‐markets composed of a price‐searching market for buyers and a price‐searching market for sellers. Market entities can trade synchronously in two sub‐markets as price searchers or bidders. Searchers are responsible for organizing transactions in line with the market clearing rule library, and bidders participate in transactions initiated by searchers. Under the parallel mechanism, the traditional trading mechanism is also applicable. the framework of the proposed mechanism is presented from four aspects, including the description, clearing process, operation mode, and linkage between two sub‐markets. Then, a market clearing model of the proposed mechanism is built with several traditional transaction modes as special cases of the presented double‐market parallel transactions. Finally, taking the centralized transaction as an example, results show that the proposed mechanism can effectively provide market entities more chances to win contracts, and enhance the market liquidity.
Coherence‐based automatic power factor correction (APFC) algorithm for power grids
Authors: Mahmoud Ragab Abd Allah , Emam Ahmed
Published: February 2022

A power factor correction (PFC) plays a major role towards the improvement of power systems quality and stability, as well as protection and control systems performance. This paper presents a novel method for automatic power factor correction (APFC) based on the coherence approach. In this method, the original power factor and the required reactive power compensation can be determined using the cross‐coherence coefficients evaluated between voltage and current signals. Beside auto‐coherence coefficients are useful for detecting the fault/unbalance conditions in power systems. The proposed algorithm prevents the PFC process in the events of over‐compensation and abnormal events. In addition, new proposed operating characteristics for PFC, based on the coherence coefficient limits, are developed. Extensive simulation results of the proposed method are included and its accuracy and feasibility can be verified. Compared with the conventional PFC, the coherence‐based PFC is easy to control, and the power factor is nearer to unity can be obtained, where its performance accuracy is greater than 99.4%. The proposed method is characterized by being simple, fast and reliable, and it can be implemented practically. Its sensitivity and security is controllable via selecting coherence setting values.
Barium stars as tracers of s-process nucleosynthesis in AGB stars
Authors: Cseh B. , Világos B. , Roriz M. P. , Pereira C. B. , D’Orazi V. , Karakas A. I. , Soós B. , Drake N. A. , Junqueira S. , Lugaro M.
Published: February 2022

Context. Barium (Ba) stars are polluted by material enriched in the slow neutron capture (s-process) elements synthesised in the interior of their former asymptotic giant branch (AGB) companion star, which is now a white dwarf.

Aims. We aim to compare individual Ba star abundance patterns to AGB nucleosynthesis model predictions to verify if the AGB model mass is compatible with independently derived AGB mass, which was previously estimated using binary parameters and Gaia parallax data.

Methods. We selected a sample of 28 Ba stars for which both self-consistent spectroscopic observation and analysis were performed and, additionally, stellar mass determinations, via positioning the star on the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram and comparing with evolutionary tracks are available. For this sample of stars, we considered both previously (Y, Zr, Ce, and Nd) and recently derived (Rb, Sr, Nb, Mo, Ru, La, Sm, and Eu) elemental abundances. Then, we performed a detailed comparison of these s-process elemental abundances to different AGB nucleosynthesis models from the Monash and the FRUITY theoretical data sets. We simplified the binary mass transfer by calculating dilution factors to match the [Ce/Fe] value of each star when using different AGB nucleosynthesis models, and we then compared the diluted model abundances to the complete Ba-star abundance pattern.

Results. Our comparison confirms that low-mass (with initial masses roughly in the range 2−3 M⊙), non-rotating AGB stellar models with 13C as the main neutron source are the polluters of the vast majority of the considered Ba stars. Out of the 28 stars, in 21 cases the models are in good agreement with both the determined abundances and the independently derived AGB mass, although in 16 cases higher observed abundances of Nb, Ru, Mo, and/or Nd, Sm than predicted were present. For three stars, we obtain a match to the abundances only by considering models with masses lower than those independently determined. Finally, four stars show much higher first s-process peak abundance values than the model predictions, which may represent the signature of a physical (e.g. mixing) and/or nucleosynthetic process that is not represented in the set of models considered here.
Fibro-ossärer Pseudotumor der Finger – ein Chamäleon unter insgesamt seltenen Handtumoren
Authors: Fiumedinisi Fabrizio , Hug Urs , Bodmer Elvira
Published: February 2022

Einleitung

Der fibro-ossäre Pseudotumor der Finger (FOPD = fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digits) ist unter den Handtumoren insgesamt als auch unter den benignen Handtumoren eine seltene Entität. FOPD können sowohl klinisch als auch radiologisch eine maligne Neoplasie nachahmen. Hauptsächlich tritt dieser Tumor bei jüngeren Erwachsenen, vorwiegend Frauen, auf. Bis dato ist eine maligne Transformation nicht beschrieben. Allerdings führen klinische und histologische Befunde fälschlicherweise immer wieder zur Diagnose eines bösartigen Tumors.
Behandlungsfehlervorwürfe nach distalen Radiusfrakturen
Authors: Schweder Jana , Fischerauer Stefan Franz , Zöphel Oliver Theodor , Schweppe Peter , Seibert Franz
Published: February 2022

Hintergrund: Die Vielseitigkeit der distalen Radiusfrakturen, der Diagnostik- und Therapiemöglichkeiten birgt großes Potenzial für eine mangelhafte Genesung mit der Folge der Patientenunzufriedenheit. Das Ziel dieser Studie ist die Evaluierung distaler Radiusfrakturen, die sekundär zu juristischen Streitfällen führten, um Rückschlüsse für Optimierungs-. bzw. Präventionsmaßnahmen zur Steigerung der Patientenzufriedenheit und Vermeidung von Folgekosten zu ziehen

Material und Methoden: Akten und Patientendaten aller juristisch behandelter Streitfälle in Bezug auf distale Radiusfrakturen eines öffentlichen Krankenhausbetreibers wurden im Zeitraum 2007 bis 2017 eingesehen und einer deskriptiven Statistik unterzogen.

Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden 35 Fälle mit Beschwerden in Bezug auf Behandlungs-, Kommunikations- und Folgeschäden identifiziert, die durch die deskriptive Statistik weiter analysiert und nach Schwerpunktthemen weiter aufgeschlüsselt wurden.

Schlussfolgerung: Komplikationen und Spätfolgen bei distaler Radiusfraktur sind nicht gänzlich vermeidbar, Kommunikationsdefizite und Behandlungsverzögerungen jedoch weitestgehend schon. Eine Reflexion der diagnostischen und therapeutischen, aber insbesondere der interpersonellen Herangehensweise erscheint im Sinne einer gesteigerten Patientenzufriedenheit unabdingbar.
The influence of computer-aided polyp detection systems on reaction time for polyp detection and eye gaze
Authors: Troya Joel , Fitting Daniel , Brand Markus , Sudarevic Boban , Kather Jakob Nikolas , Meining Alexander , Hann Alexander
Published: February 2022

Background Multiple computer-aided systems for polyp detection (CADe) have been introduced into clinical practice, with an unclear effect on examiner behavior. This study aimed to measure the influence of a CADe system on reaction time, mucosa misinterpretation, and changes in visual gaze pattern.

Methods Participants with variable levels of colonoscopy experience viewed video sequences (n = 29) while eye movement was tracked. Using a crossover design, videos were presented in two assessments, with and without CADe support. Reaction time for polyp detection and eye-tracking metrics were evaluated.

Results 21 participants performed 1218 experiments. CADe was significantly faster in detecting polyps compared with participants (median 1.16 seconds [99 %CI 0.40–3.43] vs. 2.97 seconds [99 %CI 2.53–3.77], respectively). However, the reaction time of participants when using CADe (median 2.90 seconds [99 %CI 2.55–3.38]) was similar to that without CADe. CADe increased misinterpretation of normal mucosa and reduced the eye travel distance.

Conclusions Results confirm that CADe systems detect polyps faster than humans. However, use of CADe did not improve human reaction times. It increased misinterpretation of normal mucosa and decreased the eye travel distance. Possible consequences of these findings might be prolonged examination time and deskilling.
Palladium-Catalyzed Cyanation of Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborate Derivatives with 2-(Piperidin-1-yl)acetonitrile as the Cyano Source
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Siddique , Meguellati Kamel , Shafiq Zahid
Published: February 2022

The present study describes the one-pot palladium-catalyzed cyanation of commercially available aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate derivatives with 2-(piperidin-1-yl)acetonitrile (an organic cyano reagent) under mild conditions. This process utilizes a Pd/(Me3Si)2 system and is applied to a wide scope of aromatic diazonium substrates to give the corresponding nitrile-containing products in moderate to high yields (59–92%). This methodology is employed for the preparation of etravirine, a drug used for the treatment of HIV, and for transformations of 1H-indole-2-carbonitrile into compounds that are used as a NMDA receptor antagonists and that have high potential against mutant HIV strains. The mechanism proposed for this Pd-catalyzed cyanation involves cyanide ions, as confirmed using indicator paper.
Investigation of Antibiotic Susceptibility and Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Blood and Urine Samples
Authors: Hasanli Laman , Dagi Hatice Turk , Arslan Ugur
Published: February 2022

Objective Extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolates are the most common gram-negative pathogens in humans and cause urinary tract infections, sepsis, neonatal meningitis, and others. The aim of this study was to investigate the rates of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors (kpsM II, neuc K1, hlyF, fyuA, afa/draBC, sat, chuA, fimH, tsh, yfcv, ibeA, traT, iucD, usp, iutA, cnf1, hlyA, papC, sfa/focDE, and ompT) of E. coli strains isolated from blood and urine samples.

Methods A total of 150 E. coli strains isolated from blood and urine samples sent to the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Selcuk University were included in the study. The identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed with the VITEK 2 automated system. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the virulence genes.

Results Although the highest antibiotic resistance rate found was against ampicillin (73.3%), the lowest rates were against ertapenem and meropenem (0.7%). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase positivity was 38% in E. coli blood isolates and 29% in urine. The highest rates of virulence genes were detected in fimH gene (92%). iutA gene was 91.3%, traT 76%, fyuA 50%, chuA 54.7%, iucD 46.7%, ompT 32.7%, yfcv 31.3%, hlyF 28.7%, sat 22%, papC and sfa/focDE 20%, kpsM II 19.3%, neuc K1 14.7%, tsh 13.3%, cnf1 6.7%, afa/draBC 6%, ibeA 5.3%, usp 4.7%, and hlyA 3.3%. kpsM II, tsh, hlyA, papC, sfa/focDE, and ompT genes were higher in blood isolates.

Conclusion High antibiotic resistance rates and virulence genes were detected in E. coli strains in Konya, Turkey. This is the first study in Turkey where both a large number and a variety of virulence factors were investigated and compared. Multicenter studies are needed to better understand E. coli virulence.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Etiology of Extubation Failure in Pediatric Patients After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Beshish Asaad G. , Fundora Michael P. , Aronoff Elizabeth , Rao Nikita , Kelleman Michael S. , Shaw Fawwaz R. , Maher Kevin O. , Wolf Michael
Published: February 2022

In this article, our primary objective was to investigate the prevalence and etiology of extubation failure (EF) in patients following cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease. Secondarily, we examined the association of different risk factors with EF. This was single-center retrospective study in a 27-bed cardiac intensive care unit at a quaternary children's hospital. All patients between 0 and 18 years of age who underwent congenital cardiac surgery from January 2008 to September 2019 were included. During the study period, among 8,750 surgical encounters, 257 (2.9%) failed extubation, defined as reintubation within 48 hours from extubation. EF patients were younger, smaller, more likely to have genetic syndromes, higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (STAT) mortality scores, single-ventricle physiology, longer cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cross-clamp (XC) times, longer mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, and higher mortality (p <0.05). In a univariate analysis, EF patients when compared to matched controls by age, gender, and STAT score, and genetic syndrome, particularly heterotaxy, were associated with increased odds of EF (p <0.05). In a multivariable logistic regression of the entire cohort, the presence of any genetic syndrome was associated with higher odds of EF (p <0.05). In a subgroup of neonates, a univariate analysis was performed and multivariable analysis was attempted, but both did not achieve statistical significance. In summary, EF after congenital cardiac surgery is associated with younger age, lower weight, single-ventricle physiology, longer CPB and XC times, longer duration of MV, and genetic syndromes. Patients failing extubation have increased morbidity and mortality. Recognition of these risk factors may provide clinicians the ability to identify patients at high risk allowing for timely intervention to limit adverse outcomes.
Assessment of Different Middle Vault Reconstruction Techniques in Rhinoplasty from Multiple Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Şahin Fetih Furkan , Apaydın Fazıl , Göde Sercan
Published: February 2022

It is important to assess the patient satisfaction with shape and function by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following structural or dorsal preservation rhinoplasty (DPR) techniques on the middle nasal vault. To analyze the results of different middle vault rhinoplasty techniques with multiple PROMs and compare their differences according to the findings of PROMs. Four different techniques were performed for the middle vault: spreader graft, L-strut graft, DPR with high strip (DPRwHS), DPR with low strip. The outcomes were evaluated preoperatively, 2 and 12 months postoperatively with the following PROMs: Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation, and Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey. This study included 129 patients. All techniques provided significant improvements in all PROMs (p < 0.001), except DPRwHS in NOSE. Between postoperative short- and longer-term, no significant differences were observed in DPR groups (p > 0.05), unlike structural techniques. In this comparative study of different middle nasal vault rhinoplasty techniques, we did not detect a difference in the improvement of the patient-reported outcomes of DPR techniques from as early as 2 months to 1 year postoperative.
Inferior Mesenteric Artery Associated Type II Endoleaks: Are They Predictable?
Authors: Jalil Harun , Mahmood Syed , Zaman Iftikhar , Osman Asaad , Mustafa Syed , Saeed Abdullah
Published: February 2022

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the relationship between inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) diameter and risk of type II endoleak.

Subjects and Methods: A retrospective study design to review all EVARs performed over a 4-year period at a tertiary care center. Out of the total cohort of 400 patients who underwent EVAR, 41 patients (10.3%) developed type II endoleak. The mean IMA ostial diameter for patients with type II endoleak secondary to IMA contributories was 4mm, while the mean IMA diameter for patients with lumbar arteries contributing to the type II endoleak was 3.7mm.

Results Statistical analysis using a paired t-test did not show a statistically significant difference in the IMA ostial diameter between the two groups.

Conclusion There is no significant correlation between preprocedural IMA ostium diameter and type II endoleak development and hence, preprocedural IMA embolization is not an appropriate prophylactic management strategy.
The Novel Use of a Synthetic Amino Acid Analog in the Management of Menkes' Disease
Authors: Jafar Bedour , Sharma Kamal , Sheikh Ameera , Maertens Paul
Published: February 2022

Menkes' disease is a rare X-linked neurodegenerative disorder due to an ATPA7 mutation. This mutation results in a defective copper transport into the lumen of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) of all tissues, except the liver. As the liver remains effective in transporting copper into the TGN, parenteral copper administration is successful in normalizing copper and ceruloplasmin levels. In addition, such treatment improves function of cuproenzymes in the nucleus, cytosol, and mitochondria. However, ATPA7 mutation results in a deficient dopamine β-hydroxylase, a cuproenzyme needed to convert dopamine to norepinephrine (NE). Here, we present the novel use of the synthetic amino acid analog, droxidopa, a prodrug to NE in the management of Menkes' disease. In our 6-year-old Menkes' disease patient treated with daily parenteral copper infusion, we studied clinical features and urine catecholamines levels at baseline and after initiating droxidopa therapy. NE deficiency at baseline was associated with inattention, hypothermia, and dysautonomia. After correction of NE deficiency, the child's symptoms improved. Epinephrine levels remained low. In Menkes' disease, NE deficiency persists after normalization of copper and ceruloplasmin levels. Droxidopa therapy is successful in correcting NE levels and improving quality of life. Further studies are needed.
2.7
μ
m quantum cascade detector: Above band gap energy intersubband detection
Authors: Giparakis Miriam , Knötig Hedwig , Detz Hermann , Beiser Maximilian , Schrenk Werner , Schwarz Benedikt , Strasser Gottfried , Andrews Aaron Maxwell
Published: February 2022

Quantum cascade detectors (QCDs) are mid-infrared and far-infrared, low-noise, photovoltaic detectors utilizing intersubband transitions. This Letter presents an InAs/AlAs0.16Sb0.84 based QCD lattice matched to an InAs substrate. This material system exhibits properties like a low effective electron mass of the well material of 0.023 m0, beneficial for higher optical absorption strength, and a high conduction band offset of 2.1 eV, allowing the design of QCDs in the mid-infrared and near-infrared region. The presented QCD has a peak spectral response at 2.7 μm (0.459 eV), the center of a CO2 absorption band. To enable top side illumination, a grating was implemented. This additionally bypasses absorption by the narrow bandgap 0.345 eV (3.54 μm) InAs substrate material. The QCD has a peak responsivity at a room temperature of 5.63 mA/W and a peak specific detectivity of 1.14 × 108 Jones.
Damping rate measurements and predictions for gravity waves in an air–oil–water system
Authors: Rajan Girish Kumar
Published: February 2022

Dissipation of standing gravity waves of frequencies within 1–2 Hz is investigated experimentally. The waves are generated in a rectangular tank filled with water, the surface of which is covered with an oil layer of mean thickness, d. Damping rates are measured as a function of d, and compared with results from established theoretical models—in particular, with those from a recently developed three-fluid dissipation model that considers waves in a system of semi-infinitely deep fluids that lie above and below an interfacial fluid layer of finite thickness. Based on a comparison of experimental data with predictions, the oil–water interfacial elasticity, E2, is empirically determined to be a linear function of d. The theoretical predictions include contributions from the three-fluid dissipation model, which accounts for energy losses due to shear layers at the interfaces, friction in the fluid bulk, and compression–expansion oscillations of the elastic interfaces; and from a boundary-layer dissipation model, which accounts for energy losses due to boundary layers at the tank's solid surfaces. The linear function, E2(d), is used to compute the three-fluid model damping rate. An effective viscosity of the oil–water system is used to compute the boundary-layer model damping rate. The theoretical predictions are, on average, within 5% of measurements for all the wave frequencies considered. The promise shown by the three-fluid model is highlighted, as are the assumptions involved in the analysis and comparisons.
Anisotropic electronic phase transition in CrN epitaxial thin films
Authors: Jin Qiao , Zhao Jiali , Roldan Manuel A. , Qi Weiheng , Lin Shan , Chen Shengru , Hong Haitao , Fan Yiyan , Rong Dongke , Guo Haizhong , Ge Chen , Wang Can , Wang Jia-Ou , Wang Shanmin , Jin Kui-juan , Guo Er-Jia
Published: February 2022

Electronic phase transition in strongly correlated materials is extremely sensitive to the dimensionality and crystallographic orientations. Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) are seldom investigated due to the difficulty in fabricating high-quality and stoichiometric single crystals. In this Letter, we report the epitaxial growth and electronic properties of CrN films grown on different-oriented NdGaO3 (NGO) substrates. Astonishingly, CrN films grown on (110)-oriented NGO substrates maintain a metallic phase, whereas the CrN films grown on (010)-oriented NGO substrates are semiconducting. We attribute the unconventional electronic phase transitions in CrN films to the strain effects. The effective modulation of bandgap by the anisotropic strain triggers the metal-to-insulator transition consequently. This work provides a convenient approach to modify the electronic ground states of functional materials using anisotropic strain and further stimulates the investigations of TMNs.
Fabrication of n-Si/n-Ga2O3 heterojunctions by surface-activated bonding and their electrical properties
Authors: Wang Zhenwei , Takatsuki Daiki , Liang Jianbo , Kitada Takahiro , Shigekawa Naoteru , Higashiwaki Masataka
Published: February 2022

We studied electrical properties of n-Si/n-Ga2O3 heterojunctions fabricated by surface-activated bonding. The energy barrier heights (qϕb) at the Si/Ga2O3 interface for different reverse voltages (Vrev) were derived from temperature-dependent current density–voltage (J–V–T) characteristics. With shifting Vrev to the negative direction, qϕb gradually decreased and reached a constant value due to negatively charged interface states. The conduction band offset at the heterointerface was estimated to be 0.18 eV from the Vrev dependence of qϕb. The qϕb calculated from a capacitance of the heterojunction at thermal equilibrium was larger than those derived from the J–V–T characteristics, attributing to spatially inhomogeneous qϕb caused by the non-uniform distribution of the charged interface states. The density of shallow interface states was also extracted from the reverse J–V–T characteristics, which was estimated to be about 6 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1.
Artificial synapses based on Josephson junctions with Fe nanoclusters in the amorphous Ge barrier
Authors: Jué Emilie , Iankevich Gleb , Reisinger Thomas , Hahn Horst , Provenzano Virgil , Pufall Matthew R. , Haygood Ian W. , Rippard William H. , Schneider Michael L.
Published: February 2022

We have measured the synaptic properties of a magnetic Josephson junction (MJJ) consisting of a barrier of amorphous Ge containing size-selected Fe nanoclusters between two Nb electrodes. We show that the critical current of the device varies with the magnetic order of the clusters and that the magnetic order can be tuned in a quasi-analog way with short electrical pulses of 16 pJ applied through the device. This is the first demonstration of critical current tuning via magnetic order in a nano-clustered MJJ in a material system other than SiMn. This result eliminates the need for a postdeposition annealing step for synaptic MJJs in neuromorphic applications and opens new options to optimize materials, which has the potential to improve the performance of the MJJs and provide a better understanding of the physics of the device.
Confinement of intense proton beams by an applied axial magnetic field in large-scale plasma
Authors: Chen Benzheng , Wu Dong , Ren Jieru , Wang Jiale , Zhao Yongtao
Published: February 2022

Stable and efficient transport of particle beams through plasma is a frequent topic in particle–matter interactions. In plasma, intense ion beams can focus and flap because of the self-generated electromagnetic fields and soon diverge if no restrictions are imposed. In this study, the transport of a slab beam in large-scale plasma with a uniform applied axial magnetic field is simulated and analyzed using a newly developed kinetic particle-in-cell code. The simulation results show that the applied axial magnetic field intensifies the Lorentz force acting on the beams and is effective at preventing ion-beam divergence. This confinement effect from the external magnetic field influences the beam flapping more than it does the focusing, and with increasing applied magnetic field, more beam particles converge and more energy is transferred into the transverse direction in the flapping region. In the present scenario, the beam behavior is affected synthetically by both the self-generated electromagnetic field and the external axial magnetic field. Also shown is that the applied field exerts little control over the total beam energy, which the present theoretical analysis explains well. Beam confinement by an external magnetic field is likely to have a major impact on nuclear fusion, astrophysics, and beam control.
Multi-scale simulation of the adsorption of lithium ion on graphite surface: From quantum Monte Carlo to molecular density functional theory
Authors: Ruggeri Michele , Reeves Kyle , Hsu Tzu-Yao , Jeanmairet Guillaume , Salanne Mathieu , Pierleoni Carlo
Published: February 2022

The structure of the double-layer formed at the surface of carbon electrodes is governed by the interactions between the electrode and the electrolyte species. However, carbon is notoriously difficult to simulate accurately, even with well-established methods such as electronic density functional theory and molecular dynamics. Here, we focus on the important case of a lithium ion in contact with the surface of graphite, and we perform a series of reference quantum Monte Carlo calculations that allow us to benchmark various electronic density functional theory functionals. We then fit an accurate carbon–lithium pair potential, which is used in molecular density functional theory calculations to determine the free energy of the adsorption of the ion on the surface in the presence of water. The adsorption profile in aqueous solution differs markedly from the gas phase results, which emphasize the role of the solvent on the properties of the double-layer.
The increment of the temperature of maximum density of water by addition of small amounts of tert-butanol: Experimental data and microscopic description revisited
Authors: González-Salgado D. , Troncoso J. , Lomba E.
Published: February 2022

The temperature of maximum density, TMD, of aqueous solutions of tert-butanol has been experimentally determined in the pressure range of 0–300 bars and up to 0.025 tert-butanol mole fraction. At atmospheric pressure, this quantity increases for low alcohol mole fractions, reaches a maximum at intermediate concentrations, and then quickly falls. The new experimental results are basically in agreement with previous data in the literature by Wada and Umeda [G. Wada and S. Umeda, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 35, 646 (1962)], except at very low mole fractions, where these authors reported a stronger density anomaly. Our measurements also confirm the known effect of pressure, p, on the variation in the temperature of maximum density with respect to that of pure water, ΔTMD: this quantity increases with p over the whole composition range. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations were performed between 0 and 2000 bars and from 238 to 328 K using a recently proposed model for the tert-butanol/water system. It has been found that our model reproduces qualitatively the experimental behavior of the ΔTMD, but for pressures above 1000 bars. A detailed structural analysis showed that the addition of tert-butanol promotes the low density water structure, and this promotion is somewhat hampered as the temperature increases at high pressure (ΔTMD > 0) and mostly independent of temperature at low pressures (ΔTMD < 0). Our analysis shows that the ultimate factor determining changes in the TMD is the temperature dependence of the low density water structure enhancement. We have also carried out a local structure analysis in which in addition to solid-like structures, low density liquid water ones have also been considered.