bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE THEME OF THE DEPORTATION OF THE CHECHEN PEOPLE IN THE GRAPHIC CYCLE CROSSROADS OF MEMORY (1944-2019) BY RUSTAM YAKHIKHANOV
Authors: Khamzatova Zarema R.
Published: February 2024

This study is the first to present an analysis of previously unexplored works that serve as an artistic response to the tragic events in the history of the Chechen people in 1944. Using the works of the graphic cycle by artist R. Yakhihhanov as an example, the study reveals the peculiarities of interpreting ideas and plots to unfold the theme of deportation. Drawing on the life experiences of senior family members and relatives who suffered political repression, the artist conveys personal tragedies and losses to the viewer.

The aim of the research is to identify as well as philosophically and culturally analyze the artistic representation of the theme of the deportation of the Chechen people in the graphic cycle Crossroads of Memory, dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the deportation of the Chechen and Ingush peoples. Objectives: to uncover the ideological and moral aspects of the author’s graphic works, as well as to show the way the artist transforms his experiences into dynamic and memorable visual images; examine and analyze the ways in which the theme of deportation is embodied in the author’s works.

Materials and methods. The work is primarily based on graphic works created between 2013-2018, as well as information from the catalogue of exhibitions by the Chechen artist. The fundamental research method is a comprehensive approach, incorporating methods of concrete-historical and semiotic analysis, figurative-stylistic analysis, as well as methods of extraction and explication.

Results. In the images of the cycle Crossroads of Memory by R. Yakhikhanov, one can see a combination of artistic and documentary elements, modern graphic techniques, and traditional symbolic systems within the context of archetypes of traditional Chechen culture. The graphic canvases vividly and convincingly recreate the sense of pain felt by an entire nation due to the loss of their homeland. The main idea of the cycle is the belief in the courage, resilience, and sense of justice of the people who managed to endure these terrible years and return to their homeland with honour.

Practical implications. The research findings can be applied in lectures and seminars on museum studies and cultural studies, in conducting tours in art galleries, and in compiling a catalogue of R. Yakhikhanov’s works.
CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND VALUE DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
Authors: Belikova Evgeniya K.
Published: February 2024

Since the first stages of society’s development, such phenomena as “culture” and “value” have been of particular importance, since value development necessarily leads to a change in culture, and a renewed culture forms new values in society. And currently, these phenomena are of research interest for many theoretical and applied developments of philosophers, cultural scientists, sociologists.

At the end of the 20th century, the rapid development of digital technologies and their introduction into the daily lives of millions of people brought about global changes in culture and values. At a certain period of time, after the collapse of the USSR in the 1990s and early 2000s, Russia was guided by Western values, but since the late 2000s the situation has changed, legislative acts regulating cultural policy in the Russian Federation, including in the field of spiritual and moral values, have been adopted.

Purpose. The article attempts to analyze the transformation of values in Russian society, summarize the state experience in regulating the sphere of culture and identify additional possible measures to preserve cultural and moral identity.

Methods. The cultural philosophical approach has made it possible to trace the transformation of values in society in recent years. General logical research methods were used in the work. The legislative acts of the Russian Federation regulating the policy in the field of culture are considered.

Results. Consideration of the philosophical and cultural approaches of various researchers to the renewal of culture and the transformation of values made it possible to clarify these processes and their interrelationship. Through the analysis of legislative acts and the results of opinion polls, the measures taken by the state to transform culture are evaluated.

As a result of the consideration of the relationship between culture and values and the study of legislative acts, it has been revealed that in recent years the authorities have realized the need at the state level to review cultural policy and position the revival of national traditions and foundations. But the measures taken are still insufficient.

Practical implications. The results of the research can be applied in any cultural, philosophical, social, humanitarian research, in the framework of educational and cognitive transformations, analysis of cross-cultural interactions.
The Prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Madej Aleksandra , Senat Hanna , Grabowska Patrycja , Bolla Patrycja , Senat Aleksandra , Marczyńska Zuzanna
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION: The term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract of unclear pathogenesis. IBD consists of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The two most common manifestations of the disorder, both have a chronic course with episodes of acute activity. Their underlying pathogenesis and symptoms, however, are quite distinct. IBD has a multiple factor etiology involving genetics, immunological dysregulation and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome. The resulting chronic inflammation of the entire body is the cause of the symptoms and signs of the condition. Extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) occur in 5% to 50% of IBD patients over the course of their lifetime.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge about the prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

MATERIALS AND METHOD: The available literature in PubMed was reviewed to write the article, using the keywords ,,inflammatory bowel disease”, ,,Crohn’s disease”, ,, ulcerative colitis”, ,,extraintestinal manifestations IBD”. 

CONCLUSION: Extraintestinal manifestations are evidence that IBD is not only confined to the intestine, these may involve many different organs other than the gut and may be more devastating than the IBD. Screening for EIM in these patients and prompt adequate treatment are essential. To adequately manage EIM and improve the quality of life of our patients, appropriate treatment regimens and therapies are required in a multidisciplinary team approach. Due to the lack of available dedicated diagnostic biomarkers for EIM, consideration of concomitant extraintestinal conditions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease might help in the selection and management of them. Clinicians caring for patients with IBD must be aware of these various systemic manifestations, as failure to diagnose and treat them early can result in significant morbidity.
Exploring Future Horizons in Osteoarthritis Relief: Unveiling the Potential of Slow-Acting Drugs and Innovative Medications
Authors: Sokołowska Katarzyna , Bereza Dawid , Kulak Maria , Moreau Igor , Polańska Paulina , Lang Miriam , Woch Barbara
Published: February 2024

Introduction: 

The existing treatment options for osteoarthritis (OA) fall short of addressing the significant challenges this disease imposes on patients in today's society. It markedly diminishes the quality of life of those affected and is one of the leading causes of disability. While conventional pharmacological interventions such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids effectively address pain, they are not intended to halt disease progression and are associated with potential health risks. Symptomatic Slow-Acting Drugs for Osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) and innovative medications, rooted in our expanding understanding of OA pathogenesis, offer promising prospects for discovering improved treatment modalities.

 

State of knowledge: 

The evolving understanding of OA's etiology highlights the necessity for tailored treatments that consider distinct disease phenotypes. This review critically examines SYSADOA, specifically focusing on chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, and avocado-soybean unsaponifiables, as agents designed to address the underlying pathology of OA. Chondroitin sulfate demonstrates potential disease-modifying effects, however with conflicting study results that underscore the extent of its efficacy. Glucosamine exhibits varying disease-modifying effects, with short-term trials demonstrating more promising outcomes in pain reduction. Avocado-soybean unsaponifiables show promise in alleviating knee OA pain, yet their impact on hip OA symptoms remains inconclusive. The review extends its scope to novel drugs with potential disease-modifying effects, exploring proteinase inhibitors, fibroblast growth factors, Wnt-signaling pathway inhibitors, senolytic agents, anti-nerve growth factor agents, and transforming growth factor-β.

 

Conclusions: 

Although preliminary studies indicate potential for certain novel agents, challenges and adverse effects necessitate further investigation through rigorous, high-quality research.
Sleep apnea and comorbid diseases - a review
Authors: Guderska Urszula , Urbanek Agnieszka , Kurzeja Jacek , Maciejewska Danuta , Rasmus-Czternasta Adrianna , Bartczak Magdalena , Czternasty Filip
Published: February 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease spreading around the world. It is unavoidably linked to the increasing rate of obesity, particularly in Western societies. Associated higher prevalence of sleep disordered breathing has also been observed. There are many diseases that can lead to OSA and many that are a result of untreated OSA. From the widely known cardiovascular complications to indirectly related diseases, such as insomnia, Alzeihmer’s disease or psoriasis. Overall, sleep-disordered breathing have been shown to negatively impact quality of life, including general health perception, physical functioning, social functioning, and vitality. That is why it is important to spread awareness about OSA, often asymptomatic, through medical staff and patients in the risk group. In this review we describe the illness, the ways to diagnose it and discuss comorbid diseases.
Use of horse riding in chronic pain therapy
Authors: Mazur Sylwia , Mazur Agata , Madera Magdalena , Bizan Aleksy , Nagórska Emilia , Marcinkowski Krzysztof , Strus Karolina , Kublińska Aleksandra , Zdunek Roksana , Dąbrowska Natalia
Published: February 2024

Introduction and purpose: Chronic pain is a struggle itself and also a symptom in many common conditions. Its complexity requires diverse treatment methods including some that might seem unconventional, for example, horse riding. This study gathers information about the use of equine assisted therapy in pain relief.

Brief description of the state of knowledge: Hippotherapy is known as an important part of care for patients with cerebral palsy, attention deficit and autism. The rhythmical, multidimensional movements of the horse are transmitted to the rider’s pelvis and help in strengthening and stretching the muscles which result in better posture stabilization and balance. The positive effects of equine assisted therapy are not limited to only physical ones but positive social, cognitive and psychological effects can be observed as well. In order to lower the cost and time of the therapy, horse riding simulators were invented. So far, horse riding has been tested as a pain relief tool in entities like nonspecific low back pain, multiple sclerosis and arthritis.

Summary: Horse riding sessions had beneficial effects on pain levels among patients with nonspecific back pain and arthritis. There is a need to conduct further research in order to properly compare the use of real horses versus horse simulators. Hippotherapy was well perceived by different patient groups so maybe it has the potential to be an important part of pain management in various conditions.
Basal cell carcinoma - the most common form of skin cancer. Methods of treatment
Authors: Iwańczuk Paweł
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer. The lifetime risk is estimated as 33% to 39% in white men and 23% to 28% in white women. Because of that it is a very crucial disease for public health. In this article will be described main pathways of treatment which are especially recommended and are the most wide used for different types of basal cell carcinoma. Main division of interventions type used in treatment of basal cell carcinoma are surgical (physical) and non-surgical (medical). Surgical (physical) includes surgical standard excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, curettage and cautery, cryosurgery and laser therapy (ablative lasers, pulsed dye lasers). Non-surgical (medical) includes radiotherapy, topical imiquimod, topical 5- fluorouracil, photodynamic therapy, intralesional interferon.
 
 
Aim of study: Literature review of the most recommended treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
 
State of knowledge: In this publication will be desribed a current state of knowledge about basic and the most crucial basal cell carcinoma treatment.
 
Conclusion: Because of incidence rate of basal cell carcinoma which is very high- there are many reports about treatment of this disease. Treatment of this disease, especially among low risk patients, is very effective.
A Comprehensive Review on the Latest Insights into Cold Therapies and Their Impact on the Human Body, with a Focus on Neurophysiological Responses
Authors: Stachyrak Karol , Gregułą Anna , Mazur Bartosz , Mika Dawid , Kłos Aleksandra , Turek Kamila , Lambach Maciej , Pawlicki Mateusz , Mazurek Aleksandra , Wilanowska Wiktoria
Published: February 2024

Introduction
            In contemporary medicine, increasing attention is being devoted to alternative forms of therapy. Immersing oneself in cold water, cryotherapy, or cold showers are practices that have long sparked interest due to their potential health benefits.
Aim of the study
            The aim of this comprehensive review is to analyze the impact of cold exposure on the human body, with particular emphasis on its effects on the nervous system. Through the synthesis of available research, the paper seeks to identify health benefits and areas requiring further investigation in the context of various cold application practices.
Materials and methods
            An analysis of scientific articles available in the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases was conducted. Publications from recent years that most relevantly addressed the discussed topic were utilized for this study. The search process involved the use of the following keywords: “cold,” “cold showering,” “cold water,” “cryotherapy.”
Results
            The results of the literature review unequivocally indicate a positive, multifaceted impact of cold on the human body, particularly with an emphasis on the nervous system. Significant therapeutic effects observed in various fields suggest that the application of cold may be a promising alternative in promoting health and treating numerous medical conditions.
Summary
            The focused literature review on the impact of cold on the human body, especially the nervous system, presents various therapies such as cryotherapy or cold water immersion, emphasizing their beneficial effects on the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, lymphatic, musculoskeletal, and joint systems. However, despite the observed benefits, further research is needed to gain a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of action and to ensure the safety of these practices.
Ultra-reliable quantum dot colliding pulse mode-locked laser as multi-wavelength source for integrated optical interconnects
Authors: Qin Jiale , Huang Jingzhi , Yang Bo , Wang Zihao , Wang Ting , Zhang Jianjun
Published: February 2024

For optical interconnect applications, multi-wavelength comb sources require uniform comb spacings and high reliability at high operating temperature. Here, the high-temperature reliability measurements of a InAs quantum dot colliding pulse mode-locked (QD-CPML) laser with 100 GHz comb spacing are systematically investigated. Laser lifetime measurements are performed for over 1600 hours at 80 °C under constant stress current of 150 mA. The mean time to failure (MTTF) of the laser is approximately 38 years (336,203 hours), extracted from the threshold currents extrapolation method. The optical spectral revolutions are also monitored during the aging process, while the grids of comb laser are remarkably stable. The outstanding reliability and spectrum stability make this 100 GHz QD-CPML a promising candidate as a multi-wavelength laser source for datacom and optical I/O applications.
Transition from anisotropic to isotropic optical absorption in core-shell square nanowires tuned by anti-crossing engineering
Authors: Long Zhaotao , Weng Yushuang , Guo Kangxian , Xie Jianing , Li Yongyao , Li Keyin
Published: February 2024

The transition from anisotropic to isotropic optical properties in nanostructures plays an important role in developing next-generation intelligent photonic devices. Currently, core-shell nanostructures, frequently accompanied by different growth rates, are typically characterized by anisotropic optical properties at mid-infrared wavelengths. This inherent anisotropy, however, poses formidable challenges in achieving optical isotropy. In this work, an electric field is employed to transform the optical anisotropy of the off-centered core-shell square nanowires into optical isotropy. Based on the finite difference method, the results show that by tuning the electric field reasonably, the anti-crossing behavior of energy levels can be induced to align the energy structures in both eccentric and concentric nanowires. Although the optical anisotropy is strongly dependent on the distance and direction of the core shift, we marks, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration that the restored electronic states can effectively neutralize the polarization sensitivity, achieving isotropic optical absorption with wavelengths longer than 10 μm. Our finding indicates that the anti-crossing behavior of energy levels can serve as a viable mechanism to achieve switchable optical isotropy.
Dual perfect vectorial vortex beam generation with a single spin-multiplexed metasurface
Authors: Yang Jiaqi , Hakala Tommi K. , Friberg Ari T.
Published: February 2024

Perfect optical vortex beams (POVBs) carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) possess annular intensity profiles that are independent of the topological charge. Unlike POVBs, perfect vectorial vortex beams (PVVBs) not only carry orbital angular momentum but also exhibit spin angular momentum (SAM). By incorporating a Dammann vortex grating (DVG) on an all-dielectric metasurface, we demonstrate an approach to create a pair of PVVBs on a hybrid-order Poincaré sphere. Benefiting flexible phase modulation, by engineering the DVG and changing the input-beam state we are able to freely tailor the topological OAM and polarization eigenstates of the output PVVBs. This work demonstrates a versatile flat-optics platform for high-quality PVVB generation and may pave the way for applications in optical communication and quantum information processing.
Using climate financing wisely to address multiple crises
Authors: Läderach Peter , Desai Bina , Pacillo Grazia , Roy Shalini , Kosec Katrina , Ruckstuhl Sandra , Loboguerrero Ana Maria
Published: February 2024

A convergence of several risk drivers creates the compound crises we see across the globe today. At the same time, the global humanitarian community and national institutions in affected countries are increasingly resource constrained. In this context, existing financing mechanisms should be evaluated for their potential to create synergies between social protection, peace, and inclusion objectives on the one hand and climate resilience outcomes on the other. The existing international architecture of climate change mitigation and adaptation policy and financing holds, in principle, the potential to address not only its main purpose of climate action, but also to contribute to development outcomes and address multiple risk drivers. Examples of this exist, but for these mutual benefits to emerge, and for climate finance to contribute more significantly to crises prevention, the agendas must become more aligned. Aligning several factors may enable coherence: i) Timeframes, from short-term response to multi-year programming; ii) Planning and targeting, moving towards conflict-sensitive area-based approaches and universal access to services; iii) Institutional arrangements and partnerships, coordinated national planning and jointly implemented local action.
Understanding the impact of mobility on Plasmodium spp. carriage in an Amazon cross-border area with low transmission rate
Authors: Tréhard Hélène , Musset Lise , Lazrek Yassamine , Djossou Felix , Epelboin Loïc , Roux Emmanuel , Landier Jordi , Gaudart Jean , Mosnier Emilie
Published: February 2024

Despite the large reduction in malaria incidence in the last decade, the last kilometre to elimination is often the hardest, especially in international border areas. This study investigated the impact of mobility on Plasmodium spp. carriage in people living in a cross-border area in Amazonia with a low malaria transmission rate. We implemented a longitudinal ancillary study in the French Guiana town of St. Georges de l’Oyapock, which is located on the border with Brazil. It was based on data from two transversal surveys performed in October 2017 and October 2018. Data were collected on peri-domestic mobility for food-producing activities, and longer-distance mobility in high-risk areas. Participants were screened for Plasmodium spp. carriage using PCR tests, and treated if positive. Vector density around a participant’s home was estimated using a previously published model based on remote sensing and meteorological data. The association between Plasmodium spp. carriage and mobility was analysed using a generalized additive mixed model. A total of 1,192 inhabitants, aged between 0 and 92 years old, were included. Median age was 18 years in 2017 (IQR [8;35]). Plasmodium spp. prevalence in the study population was 7% in 2017 (n = 89) and 3% in 2018 (n = 35). Plasmodium spp. carriage was independently associated with i) travel to the adjoining Oiapoque Indigenous Territories in Brazil (OR = 1.76, p = 0.023), ii) the estimated vector density around a participant’s home (High versus Low risk OR = 4.11, p<0.001), iii) slash-and-burn farming (OR = 1.96, p = 0.013), and iv) age (p = 0.032). Specific surveillance systems and interventions which take into account different types of mobility are needed in cross-border areas to achieve and maintain malaria elimination (e.g., reactive case detection and treatment in the places visited).
A lexicon-based diachronic comparison of emotions and sentiments in literary translation: A case study of five Chinese versions of David Copperfield
Authors: Li Yan , Afzaal Muhammad , Yin Yixin
Published: February 2024

In the Chinese context, translations have served as a useful conduit for providing access to wider literature authored in other languages. A prominent question has been whether translators’ linguistic choices are influenced by factors such as translators’ social and cultural background and emotions towards the texts they are translating. When multiple translations of the same text over a span of time are produced, another layer of complexity is introduced, and research such as the present study, must examine how or whether variation in the expression of emotions within translations produced over a period of time is discernible. To this end, the present study made use of Lexicon-based Sentiment Analysis (LBSA), a common natural language processing (NLP) approach, to study people’s attitudes, opinions or emotions towards a certain person or thing. LBSA has attracted much attention in the literary works or translated works for analyzing reader response and appraisal of the works themselves. The present study undertook a diachronic comparison of emotions and sentiments in five translations of David Copperfield based on the emotion lexicons. The corpus of the study comprised translations of five books and 3,084,599 tokens. We applied the computational method of emotion and sentiment analysis to the emotion words in the five translations. In addition, we used python and R package to analyze the positive and negative words in five versions. The study revealed that translators as social beings in the target world express unique reactions towards the same emotion in the original text as well as in literary translations. Yet, the modern vernacular Chinese versions also showcase a similarity in the expression of emotions thus demonstrating the decisive role of the overall flow of emotion in the original plays and in translation. The contribution of the study is significant as it is a pioneering investigation given that it undertakes a sentiment and emotion analysis of literary translations in Chinese.
Higher and Sustained Cell-Mediated Immune Responses after Three Doses of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine In Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Anti-TNF Therapy
Authors: Caldera Freddy , Rolak Stacey , Farraye Francis A. , Necela Brian M. , Cogen Davitte , Zona Emily E. , Schell Trevor L. , Ramirez Oscar Ramirez , Almasry Mazen , Chun Kelly , Hayney Mary S. , Knutson Keith L.
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Studies suggest that the generation of durable T cell immunity following COVID-19 vaccination protects against severe disease. The aim of this study was to measure cell mediated immune response (CMIR) one to two months and six months after a third dose of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.

Methods:

This prospective study (HERCULES) evaluated CMIR at 28–65 days (t1) after dose 2, 28–65 days (t2) (n=183) and six months (+/-45 days) (t3) (n=167) after a third dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. A small cohort had blood available 28-65 days (t4) (n=55) after a fourth dose. Primary outcomes were CMIR at (t2) and (t3). Secondary outcomes included the effect of immunosuppressing IBD medications on CMIR and response at (t4).

Results:

All patients had measurable CMIR at all time points. CMIR increased at t2 compared to t1 (median 1467 responding cells per million (interquartile range (IQR) 410-5971) vs 313 (94-960) p< 0.001). There was no significant waning when comparing t2 vs t3 or significant boosting at t4. Those on anti-TNF monotherapy had a higher CMIR compared to those not on this therapy at t2 (4132 ( IQR 1136-8795) vs. 869 (IQR 343-3221) p <0.001) and t3 (2843 (IQR 596-6459) vs 654 (IQR 143-2067) p<0.001). In univariable analysis, anti-TNF monotherapy was associated with a higher CMIR at t2 (p< 0.001) and t3 (p< 0.001) and confirmed in a multivariable model (p< 0.001).

Conclusion:

A third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine boosts CMIR, and the response is sustained in patients with IBD.
Temporal biomarker concentration patterns during the early course of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Eggers Kai M. , Batra Gorav , Lindahl Bertil , Ghukasyan Lakic Tatevik , Lindbäck Johan , Budaj Andrzej , Cornel Jan H. , Giannitsis Evangelos , Katus Hugo A. , Storey Robert F. , Becker Richard C. , Siegbahn Agneta , Wallentin Lars
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Biomarker concentrations and their changes during acute coronary syndrome (ACS) provide clinically useful information on pathophysiological processes, e.g. myocardial necrosis, hemodynamic stress and inflammation. However, current evidence on temporal biomarker patterns early during ACS is limited, and studies investigating multiple biomarkers are lacking.

Methods

We measured concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and I (hs-cTnI), NT-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, and growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in plasma samples obtained at randomization in ACS patients from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Linear regressions with interaction analyses were used to investigate the associations of biomarker concentrations with the time from symptom onset and to model temporal biomarker concentration patterns.

Results

The study population consisted of 16,944 patients (median age 62 years; 71.3 % males) with 6,853 (40.3 %) having ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 10,141 (59.7 %) having non-ST-elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS). Concentrations of all biomarkers were associated with time from symptom onset (pinteraction<0.001), apart for GDF-15 (pinteraction=0.092). Concentration increases were more pronounced in STEMI compared to NSTE-ACS. Temporal biomarker patterns for hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI were different depending on sex whereas biomarker patterns for the other biomarkers were similar in cohorts defined by age and sex.

Conclusions

Temporal concentration patterns differ for various biomarkers early during ACS, reflecting the variability in the activation and duration of different pathophysiological processes, and the amount of injured myocardium. Our data emphasize that the time elapsed from symptom onset should be considered for the interpretation of biomarker results in ACS.
Gender Differences in the use of Social Capital for Entrepreneurial Activity Within Contexts of Poverty
Authors: Proaño Sánchez Fernando X. , Bojica Ana M.
Published: February 2024

Previous research has pointed to differences in the use of social capital between male and female entrepreneurs that may explain, in part, the different outcomes they obtain. Adopting a gender perspective, this study analyses whether these differences depend on the contextual configurations in which their businesses operate, specifically the degree of hostility of the context and their household structure. Thirty male and female entrepreneurs who set up their businesses in poor neighbourhoods in and around the city of Guayaquil (Ecuador) were interviewed. Data was analysed using content analysis and comparative qualitative fuzzy set analysis. The results show that women rely on bridging and bonding social capital for favourable entrepreneurial outcomes, while men rely mainly on bonding social capital, with the structure of the household being one of the influences that condition whether or not they go outside their immediate environment to mobilise resources. This work contributes to a better understanding of how the relational behaviour of male and female entrepreneurs is conditioned by gender and context. These results differ from those obtained in previous research focusing more on developed countries and suggest that gender differences in social capital are at least partly explained by the contextual configurations in which entrepreneurs find themselves, and especially by the needs and agency space available to them, rather than by the faithful reproduction of gender roles and the behavioural patterns derived from them.
Tunable hyperbolic polaritons with plasmonic phase-change material In3SbTe2
Authors: Lu Dunzhu , Zeng Ying , Yan Qizhi , Chen Qiyu , Ma Weiliang , Luo Xiao , Xu Ming , Yang Xiaosheng , Li Peining
Published: February 2024

Hyperbolic polaritons that originate from the extreme optical anisotropy in van der Waals (vdW) crystals have gained much attention for their potential in controlling nanolight. For practical use, there has been a strong interest to develop various manipulation strategies to customize the propagation of hyperbolic polaritons on a deeply sub-diffractional scale. In this regard, phase-change materials (PCMs) that possess two phases with different refractive indices offer suitably a tunable dielectric environment. Here, we report on the tuning of hyperbolic phonon polaritons in natural vdW crystals, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and alpha-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3), using the plasmonic phase-change material In3SbTe2 (IST). Unlike conventional PCMs whose both phases are dielectric, IST features a metallic crystalline phase that is stable at room temperature. The coupling between polaritons with their mirror charges in the underneath crystalline IST triggers an even stronger field confinement for polaritons. Moreover, benefited from the metallicity of laser-writable crystalline IST, we show an all-optical material platform in which crystalline IST boundaries efficiently excite and focus hyperbolic phonon polaritons in α-MoO3. Our experiments highlight the possibility to obtain new degrees of freedom in polariton engineering with plasmonic PCMs, thereby expanding the toolkit of tunable nanophotonics with flexible, on-demand fabrication and reconfiguration capabilities.
Climate resilience plastic degradation potential of Pseudomonas putida isolated from the soil of plastic waste dumping sites to reduce GHG emissions
Authors: Majeed Hammad , Iftikhar Tehreema , Abbas Qamar
Published: February 2024

Climate change is a universal issue and plastic trash is the major cause of global warming. The present study was specifically designed to address the escalating plastic waste problem, the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bags was investigated over an 8-week period using liquid culture approach. Bacterial strain (Pseudomonas putida) capable of degrading LDPE was isolated from common plastic garbage dumping sites. The strain was identified after sequencing analysis, as P. putida was evaluated for its effectiveness in degrading LDPE. Various analytical techniques, including weight loss, SEM, FTIR and GC-MS were employed to assess the degradation process. Results revealed that bacterial strain achieved 0.0776 % degradation. SEM and FTIR confirmed surface and chemical changes, while GC MS identified degradation by products in comparison to the control (where no bacteria was used).
Removal of chemicals from effluent using photobioreactor technology to improve environmental and health impacts
Authors: Karuppannan Parimala Gandhi , Paramasivam Selvakumar , Mariappan Petchiammal , Shunmugam Sivagami , Richard Paul Samuel Jabez
Published: February 2024

The treatment of industrial waste water using cyanobacteria in photobioreactor for the removal of sulphide, COD and phenol. The microorganisms were collected from the effluent treatment plant of a petroleum refinery and a biofilm was developed in nutrient medium. The reactor was fed with cyanobacteria. After biofilm formation and acclimatization, the same procedure was followed for 16 days in a rectangular tray type photo bioreactor for the treatment of industrial waste water. From continuous mode of operation, it was found that the phototrophic microorganisms can degrade the pollutants present in industrial waste water. The removal efficiency of hardness 75 %, sulphide 95.8 %, COD 98.7 %, phenol 99.9 % and nitrate 83.7 % was studied. The present works shows that it is feasible to use cyanobacteria in a photo bioreactor for the treatment of industrial waste water.
Single-Nucleus RNA-Seq Characterizes the Cell Types Along the Neuronal Lineage in the Adult Human Subependymal Zone and Reveals Reduced Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Abundance with Age
Authors: Puvogel Sofía , Alsema Astrid , North Hayley F. , Webster Maree J. , Weickert Cynthia Shannon , Eggen Bart J. L.
Published: February 2024

The subependymal zone (SEZ), also known as the subventricular zone (SVZ), constitutes a neurogenic niche that persists during postnatal life. In humans, the neurogenic potential of the SEZ declines after the first year of life. However, studies discovering markers of stem and progenitor cells highlight the neurogenic capacity of progenitors in the adult human SEZ, with increased neurogenic activity occurring under pathological conditions. In the present study, the complete cellular niche of the adult human SEZ was characterized by single-nucleus RNA sequencing, and compared between four youth (age 16–22) and four middle-aged adults (age 44–53). We identified 11 cellular clusters including clusters expressing marker genes for neural stem cells (NSCs), neuroblasts, immature neurons, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. The relative abundance of NSC and neuroblast clusters did not differ between the two age groups, indicating that the pool of SEZ NSCs does not decline in this age range. The relative abundance of oligodendrocyte progenitors and microglia decreased in middle-age, indicating that the cellular composition of human SEZ is remodeled between youth and adulthood. The expression of genes related to nervous system development was higher across different cell types, including NSCs, in youth as compared with middle-age. These transcriptional changes suggest ongoing central nervous system plasticity in the SEZ in youth, which declined in middle-age.
Small Extracellular Vesicles Released from miR-211-5p-Overexpressed Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Spinal Cord Injuries in Rats
Authors: Wang Xianxiang , Ye Lei , Zhang Ke , Gao Lu , Xiao Jin , Zhang Yiquan
Published: February 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has become one of the common and serious diseases affecting patients’ motor functions. The small extracellular vesicles secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have shown a promising prospect for the treatment of neurological diseases. BMSCs were collected from rat bones. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs was further determined. Small extracellular vesicles were obtained by high-speed centrifugation. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to demonstrate the targeting of miR-211-5p to the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) mRNA. qRT-PCR and Western blot assay were used for the detection of the mRNA and protein expression. ELISA was performed to estimate the levels of proinflammatory factors in spinal cord tissues. Our results showed that miR-211-5p targeted COX2 mRNA and regulated the protein expression of COX2 in BMSCs. Extracellular vesicles released from miR-211-5p-overexpressed BMSCs ameliorated SCI-induced motor dysfunction and motor evoked potential impairments. Extracellular vesicles released from miR-211-5p-overexpressed BMSCs ameliorated SCI-induced COX2 expression and related inflammatory responses. In conclusion, small extracellular vesicles released from miR-211-5p-overexpressed BMSCs ameliorate spinal cord injuries in rats.
Real-Time Assessment of Rodent Engagement Using ArUco Markers: A Scalable and Accessible Approach for Scoring Behavior in a Nose-Poking Go/No-Go Task
Authors: Smith Thomas J. , Smith Trevor R. , Faruk Fareeha , Bendea Mihai , Tirumala Kumara Shreya , Capadona Jeffrey R. , Hernandez-Reynoso Ana G. , Pancrazio Joseph J.
Published: February 2024

In the field of behavioral neuroscience, the classification and scoring of animal behavior play pivotal roles in the quantification and interpretation of complex behaviors displayed by animals. Traditional methods have relied on video examination by investigators, which is labor-intensive and susceptible to bias. To address these challenges, research efforts have focused on computational methods and image-processing algorithms for automated behavioral classification. Two primary approaches have emerged: marker- and markerless-based tracking systems. In this study, we showcase the utility of “Augmented Reality University of Cordoba” (ArUco) markers as a marker-based tracking approach for assessing rat engagement during a nose-poking go/no-go behavioral task. In addition, we introduce a two-state engagement model based on ArUco marker tracking data that can be analyzed with a rectangular kernel convolution to identify critical transition points between states of engagement and distraction. In this study, we hypothesized that ArUco markers could be utilized to accurately estimate animal engagement in a nose-poking go/no-go behavioral task, enabling the computation of optimal task durations for behavioral testing. Here, we present the performance of our ArUco tracking program, demonstrating a classification accuracy of 98% that was validated against the manual curation of video data. Furthermore, our convolution analysis revealed that, on average, our animals became disengaged with the behavioral task at ∼75 min, providing a quantitative basis for limiting experimental session durations. Overall, our approach offers a scalable, efficient, and accessible solution for automated scoring of rodent engagement during behavioral data collection.
The Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus and Its Projections in Regulating Reward and Context Associations
Authors: McDevitt Dillon S. , Wade Quinn W. , McKendrick Greer E. , Nelsen Jacob , Starostina Mariya , Tran Nam , Blendy Julie A. , Graziane Nicholas M.
Published: February 2024

The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) is a brain region that mediates aversive and reward-related behaviors as shown in animals exposed to fear conditioning, natural rewards, or drugs of abuse. However, it is unknown whether manipulations of the PVT, in the absence of external factors or stimuli (e.g., fear, natural rewards, or drugs of abuse), are sufficient to drive reward-related behaviors. Additionally, it is unknown whether drugs of abuse administered directly into the PVT are sufficient to drive reward-related behaviors. Here, using behavioral as well as pathway and cell-type specific approaches, we manipulate PVT activity as well as the PVT-to-nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) neurocircuit to explore reward phenotypes. First, we show that bath perfusion of morphine (10 µm) caused hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, increased rheobase, and decreased intrinsic membrane excitability in PVT neurons that project to the NAcSh. Additionally, we found that direct injections of morphine (50 ng) in the PVT of mice were sufficient to generate conditioned place preference (CPP) for the morphine-paired chamber. Mimicking the inhibitory effect of morphine, we employed a chemogenetic approach to inhibit PVT neurons that projected to the NAcSh and found that pairing the inhibition of these PVT neurons with a specific context evoked the acquisition of CPP. Lastly, using brain slice electrophysiology, we found that bath-perfused morphine (10 µm) significantly reduced PVT excitatory synaptic transmission on both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor–expressing medium spiny neurons in the NAcSh, but that inhibiting PVT afferents in the NAcSh was not sufficient to evoke CPP.
The Politics of Law Enforcement of Corruption in Indonesia in the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Saraswati Ni Nyoman Putri Buana Ariani , Rafiq Jihan , Perdana Andi Rangga , Arifin Ridwan , Rahayu Sang Ayu Putu
Published: February 2024

Corruption in Indonesia is one of the important problems for Indonesia, in addition to causing impacts in various sectors, corruption also occurs in various institutions both at the local and national levels. Various major cases of corruption also show that various law enforcement efforts are influenced by political interests. Law enforcement against corruption is also very different from other crimes, including because of the many institutions authorized to carry out judicial proceedings against corruption crimes. Such a condition is a logical consequence of the predicate placed on the crime as an extra ordinary crime. The impact of corruption can be seen from the occurrence of various kinds of disasters that directly damage the order of life of the nation, even corruption is also a deprivation of economic rights and social rights of the Indonesian people. This study aims to analyze the political direction of law enforcement to eradicate corruption in Indonesia. The method used in this study is in the form of a mixed method that combines normative juridical research with empirical data in the field. The projected results of this study are in the form of real data regarding the implementation of religious freedom regulations on the UNNES campus. The output of this research is in the form of articles published in accredited national journals.
Identification of International Human Rights Principles in Indonesia’s New Criminal Code
Authors: Saputro Muhammad Eko , Mukhoyyaroh Vina Durrotul , Febrianti Ayu , Tahir Mohammad Saleh , Arifin Ridwan , Latifiani Dian
Published: February 2024

Human rights have a broad dimension, but in practice in the domestic sphere (state practice) is often different. In fact, various universal human rights principles are clearly regulated in various international law regulations which have also been ratified into various laws. The reform of criminal law through Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code also has a significant impact on Indonesia's criminal law enforcement paradigm which is more humanitarian-oriented and Pancasila values. This study aims to identify and analyze various international human rights norms in the Indonesian National Criminal Code. The method used in this study is in the form of a mixed method that combines normative juridical research with empirical data in the field. The projected results of this study are in the form of real data on the implementation of regulations related to the topic to be studied. The output of this research is in the form of articles published in accredited national journals.
The Relevance of Presidential Threshold Implementation in the 2024 Concurrent Elections
Authors: Prasasi Cindy Ayu
Published: February 2024

The strengthening of the presidential system of government in Indonesia was carried out after the amendment of the 1945 Constitution from 1999-2002. The affirmation of this presidential system is manifested, one of which is that the President is not a mandatary of the People's Consultative Assembly anymore. This is in line with the commitment of the Indonesian nation to realise a democratic rule of law. The president as the head of government is directly elected by the people. The first direct presidential election was held in 2004. In presidential elections, a threshold is applied known as the Presidential Threshold. In the 2024 election, the presidential threshold provision is still maintained where the pair of presidential candidates proposed by a political party or a combination of political parties participating in the election who meet the requirements of obtaining at least 20% of the total DPR seats or obtaining 25% of the valid votes nationally in the previous DPR member election. Presidential threshold in elections in Indonesia raises pros and cons. On the one hand, the presidential threshold can simplify political parties so as to strengthen the presidential system. In addition, the implementation of the presidential threshold can realise government stability, especially in relations between executive and legislative institutions. But on the other hand, the application of the presidential threshold in simultaneous elections needs to be reconsidered because it is based on the votes in ,the previous election. This is allegedly able to reduce the people's right to nominate alternative presidential candidates.
Some Optical Consequences of the Consolidation of Paper
Authors:   Technical University of Norway, Trondheim, Giertz H. W.
Published: February 2024

The Kubelka-Munk equations are presented and some consequences of these regarding the influence of brightness, formation and optical bleaching agents on opacity are discussed. The main part of the paper deals with the lights cattering properties of paper and the influence on the opacity of such different variables as fibre dimensions, pulping and bleaching processes, pulp drying,beating, fibre orientation, pressing and drying on the paper machine. It is shown how intimately opacity is affected by the degree of fibre-to-fibre bonding within the sheet.