bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To Be Bored or Not To Be Bored—How Task‐Related Boredom Influences Creative Performance
Authors: Haager Julia S. , Kuhbandner Christof , Pekrun Reinhard
Published: June 2016

In the current society, boredom has a bad reputation. Among others, one reason is that boredom is a negative predictor for cognitive performance due to the detrimental effects on attention and engagement. Recently, however, the negative reputation has been challenged by studies showing that boredom seems to promote creativity. However, those studies examined the influence of incidental boredom on apparently unrelated creativity tasks, leaving it open to question what happens when the individual gets bored by the task itself. To examine this issue, participants performed six blocks of a creativity task, and we measured creativity performance and experienced boredom across blocks. Results showed that boredom increased in parallel with fluency performance. However, more detailed analyses showed that the fluency increase was not brought about by the increase in boredom but was fully accounted for by the effect of increased task practice. When controlling for practice effects, results revealed that boredom actually impaired fluency. Such a finding supports the view that boredom has a negative impact on cognitive performance and underlines the necessity for changes in educational settings to prevent boredom.
Linking Disjoint Supermatrices and Criteria Clusters
Authors: Orrin Cooper , Guoqing Liu
Published: June 2016

An axiom of the Analytic Network Process (ANP) requires the elements being considered to be strongly connected in order to obtain a meaningful priority vector. A simple example demonstrates the issues that can arise when a decision contains disjoint clusters within the Supermatrix. From the example it can be observed that the necessary information to complete additional linking pin comparisons would have already been collected; and by performing linking pin comparisons a decision maker can convert a disjoint Supermatrix into a strongly connected Supermatrix. The linking process is summarized in five steps and provided in the general form. This linking comparison methodology exploits the fundamental advantages of pairwise comparisons and can also be used to weight the criteria clusters within a decision network. Linking pin comparisons performed at the level of a criterion of a single alternative with respect to another criterion of that same alternative can be used to obtain the criteria cluster weights. Linking pin comparisons at this level can reduce the decision maker's cognitive burden in comparison to totality comparisons. The ability to strongly connect an otherwise disjoint Supermatrix and reduce the decision maker's cognitive burden demonstrates the usefulness of linking pin comparisons in ANP decision models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Systematic Review of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Dopa‐responsive Dystonia (DRD) and DRD‐Plus
Authors: Kim Ryul , Jeon Beomseok , Lee Woong‐Woo
Published: June 2016

Background

Dopa‐responsive dystonia (DRD) and DRD‐plus are inherited metabolic disorders of the dopamine synthetic pathway that have considerable clinical, biochemical, and genetic heterogeneity. Dopamine is the main deficient neurotransmitter; however, a deficiency in norepinephrine and serotonin can coexist, depending on the gene and its degree of defect. Therefore, even though levodopa is the mainstay of therapy, response to levodopa can be suboptimal and, thus, other drugs are tried.

Methods and Results

The authors searched for reports of DRD and DRD‐plus and reviewed the drugs used, their response and side effects, and neurologic outcomes, including motor and cognition. Based on the current results, a recommended treatment plan is presented according to the type of enzyme defect in patients with DRD and DRD‐plus.

Conclusions

It is important to recognize the features of DRD and DRD‐plus, because many of them have a good clinical response to the appropriate treatment. The aim of this review is to help guide clinicians with planning treatment for patients with DRD and DRD‐plus.
Activity and topographic changes in the somatosensory system in embouchure dystonia
Authors: Mantel Tobias , Dresel Christian , Altenmüller Eckart , Zimmer Claus , Noe Jonas , Haslinger Bernhard
Published: June 2016

Background

Embouchure dystonia is a highly disabling focal task‐specific dystonia affecting professional brass players.

Objective

This study was designed to analyze activity changes along with topographic representations in primary and nonprimary centers for somatosensory processing in patients with embouchure dystonia.

Methods

We used event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging with automized tactile stimulation of dystonic (upper lip) and nondystonic (forehead and dorsal hand) body regions in 15 professional brass players with and without embouchure dystonia. Statistical analyses included whole‐brain between‐group comparisons of stimulation‐induced activation and region‐of‐interest‐based single patient analyses of topographic activation characteristics.

Results

Affected musicians revealed increased stimulation‐induced activity in contralateral primary and bilateral secondary somatosensory representations of dystonic and nondystonic body regions as well as in the cerebellum ipsilateral to the left dystonic upper lip. Changes of somatotopic organization with altered intracortical distances and between‐group differences of the centers of representations were found in the right primary and the bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex and in the left cerebellum. Positional variability of dystonic and nondystonic body regions was reduced with an emphasis on face representations.

Conclusions

The present findings are supportive of the concept of an abnormal processing of somatosensory information in embouchure dystonia affecting multiple domains. The underlying neurophysiological mechanisms (eg, changes in inhibition, maladaptive plasticity, changes in baseline activity) remain unclear. The involvement of nondystonic body areas can be viewed in the context of possible compensation or an endophenotypic predisposition. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Facial‐nerve regeneration ability of a hybrid artificial nerve conduit containing uncultured adipose‐derived stromal vascular fraction: An experimental study
Authors: Matsumine Hajime , Numakura Kazuyuki , Climov Mihail , Watanabe Yorikatsu , Giatsidis Giorgio , Orgill Dennis P.
Published: June 2016

Purpose

This study investigated the potential of uncultured‐stromal‐vascular‐fraction (SVF) cells in promoting facial nerve regeneration in a rat model.

Materials and Methods

A 7‐mm nerve defect was created in the buccal branch of facial nerve in five groups of Lewis rats (total n = 30, n = 6 per group). A silicone tube, infused with syngeneic uncultured‐SVF was implanted into the facial nerve defect. Groups 1–3 received 1 × 103, 1 × 105, and 1 × 107 cells, and regenerated nerves were examined at 13 weeks after the surgery. The findings were compared to the autograft and collagen‐alone groups with facial palsy score (FPS), the number of myelinated fibers, fiber diameter, axon diameter, myelin thickness, and g ratio.

Results

There was no significant difference in FPS between the autograft and 1 × 105‐cell groups at 13 weeks after surgery, and FPS values of these two groups were significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P < 0.01). Axon diameter significantly increased in the 1 × 105‐cell group compared with the 1 × 103‐ (P < 0.05) and 1 × 107‐cell groups (P < 0.01). Myelin thickness was found to be the highest in the autograft group, followed by the 1 × 105‐, 1 × 103‐, 1 × 107‐cell, and negative control groups, and there were significant differences among all groups (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The infusion of uncultured‐SVF into the artificial nerve conduit promoted optimal nerve regeneration that was significantly better than nerve conduit alone. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:808–818, 2017.
Contribution of iron and protein contents from rat brain subcellular fractions to MR phase imaging
Authors: Leutritz T. , Hilfert L. , Busse U. , Smalla K.‐H. , Speck O. , Zhong K.
Published: June 2016

Purpose

Investigation of magnetic susceptibility and chemical exchange as sources of MRI phase contrast between gray and white matter resulting from protein and iron content from subcellular fractions.

Methods

This study analyzes the iron and macromolecule content of different subcellular fractions from rat brain and their relation to the water‐resonance frequency by NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, the contributions of susceptibility and exchange were determined with different NMR reference substances.

Results

Only weak correlations between iron (r = 0.4318, P = 0.76) or protein content (r = 0.4704, P = 0.70) and frequency shift were observed. After membrane depletion, the correlation for iron increased to r = −0.9006 (P = 0.0009), whereas the shift relative to protein content increased much less (r = −0.4982, P = 0.64). Exchange‐driven frequency shifts were 1.283 ppb/(mg/ml) for myelin and 0.775 ppb/(mg/ml) for synaptosomes; susceptibility‐driven shifts were −1.209 ppb/(mg/ml) for myelin and −0.368 ppb/(mg/ml) for synaptosomes. The ratios between susceptibility and exchange differ significantly from simple protein solutions.

Conclusions

As a result of counteracting susceptibility and exchange and increased relative shifts in membrane‐depleted fractions, we conclude that tissue microstructure accounts more for the in vivo phase contrast than in the situation of homogenized tissue. Thus, membranes may generate much of the in vivo MR phase contrast resulting from anisotropy. Magn Reson Med 77:2028–2039, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Prevalence, incidence, and remission rates of urinary incontinence in women attended in gynecological practice
Authors: Espuña‐Pons Montserrat , Ros Cristina , Ortega Jose Antonio , Aliaga Francisca , Pérez‐González Amelia , Palau Maria José ,   Pelvic Floor Research Group (Grup de Recerca del Sòl Pelvià, GRESP)
Published: June 2016

Aims

To assess the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in a cohort of women attended in primary care gynecological and estimate the incidence and remission rates of UI symptoms at 1 year.

Methods

We performed a multicenter prospective cohort study of women attending eight primary care gynecological practices. Consecutive women attended for gynecological issues different from UI were invited to participate in the study by answering the International Consultation on Incontinence questionnaire—Short Form (ICIQ‐UI‐SF). Patients receiving treatment for UI, during pregnant, and postpartum were excluded. All women with UI symptoms (ICIQ‐UI‐SF > 0) wishing treatment were studied and treated following routine clinical practice. All women were invited to answer the same questionnaire by phone 1 year after inclusion.

Results

A total of 2,840 women answered the questionnaire; 1,188 (41.8%) had UI symptoms (ICIQ‐UI‐SF > 0). Accordingly, nearly half (44.9%) had mild UI symptoms. Treatment was requested by only 551/1,188 incontinent women (46.38%), being related to the severity of UI. At 1 year, 2,443 patients/2,840 (86.0%) were found and again responded to the ICIQ‐UI‐SF. At 1 year the incidence of UI was 5.3% (77 new cases of UI out of 1,652 with the initial ICIQ‐UI‐SF = 0) while the remission rate of UI among untreated women was 27.9% (144 with ICIQ‐UI‐SF = 0).

Conclusions

Almost one half of women attended in primary care general gynecology practices have UI symptoms, with less than 50% requesting treatment. In these women, UI is a dynamic process with an incidence of 5.3% and a remission rate of 27.9% at 1 year. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1081–1085, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
H∞ control for linear switched systems with time‐varying delay and dead‐zone inputs via an adaptive memory controller
Authors: Zhai Ding , Lu An‐Yang , Dong Jiu‐xiang , Zhang Qing‐Ling
Published: June 2016

This paper deals with the problem of robust H∞ control for linear switched systems with time‐varying delay and dead‐zone inputs. First, a new state‐dependent switching law is proposed for the switched system with stable and unstable subsystems. Based on the proposed switching law and using the scaled small gain theorem, a more general stability criterion for the switched delay systems is established. Second, an adaptive memory controller is proposed for the switched system with dead‐zone inputs. With the help of a two‐term approximation of the time‐varying delay, the proposed memory controller only depends on the bounds of the time‐varying delay. Sufficient conditions on the existence of the desired controller are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Three examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutation design of a thermophilic Rubisco based on three‐dimensional structure enhances its activity at ambient temperature
Authors: Fujihashi Masahiro , Nishitani Yuichi , Kiriyama Tomohiro , Aono Riku , Sato Takaaki , Takai Tomoyuki , Tagashira Kenta , Fukuda Wakao , Atomi Haruyuki , Imanaka Tadayuki , Miki Kunio
Published: June 2016

Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) plays a central role in carbon dioxide fixation on our planet. Rubisco from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis (Tk‐Rubisco) shows approximately twenty times the activity of spinach Rubisco at high temperature, but only one‐eighth the activity at ambient temperature. We have tried to improve the activity of Tk‐Rubisco at ambient temperature, and have successfully constructed several mutants which showed higher activities than the wild‐type enzyme both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we designed new Tk‐Rubisco mutants based on its three‐dimensional structure and a sequence comparison of thermophilic and mesophilic plant Rubiscos. Four mutations were introduced to generate new mutants based on this strategy, and one of the four mutants, T289D, showed significantly improved activity compared to that of the wild‐type enzyme. The crystal structure of the Tk‐Rubisco T289D mutant suggested that the increase in activity was due to mechanisms distinct from those involved in the improvement in activity of Tk‐Rubisco SP8, a mutant protein previously reported to show the highest activity at ambient temperature. Combining the mutations of T289D and SP8 successfully generated a mutant protein (SP8‐T289D) with the highest activity to date both in vitro and in vivo. The improvement was particularly pronounced for the in vivo activity of SP8‐T289D when introduced into the mesophilic, photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris, which resulted in a strain with nearly two‐fold higher specific growth rates compared to that of a strain harboring the wild‐type enzyme at ambient temperature. Proteins 2016; 84:1339–1346. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Encapsulated graphene‐based Hall sensors on foil with increased sensitivity
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Banszerus Luca , Otto Martin , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Stampfer Christoph , Neumaier Daniel
Published: June 2016

The encapsulation of graphene‐based Hall sensors on foil is shown to be an effective method for improving the performance in terms of higher sensitivity for magnetic field detection. Two types of encapsulation were investigated: a simple encapsulation of graphene with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a proof of concept and an encapsulation with mechanically exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). The Hall sensor with PMMA encapsulation already shows higher sensitivity compared to the one without encapsulation. However, the Hall sensor with graphene encapsulated between two stacks of hBN shows a current and a voltage normalized sensitivity of up to 2270 V/AT and 0.68 V/VT, respectively, which are the highest reported sensitivity values for Hall sensors on foil so far.
Ag fractals formed on top of a porous TiO2 thin film
Authors: Borges J. , Rodrigues M. S. , Lopes C. , Costa D. , Ferreira A. , Pereira R. M. S. , Costa M. F. , Vasilevskiy M. I. , Vaz F.
Published: June 2016

This work demonstrates the formation of Ag fractals on top of a Ag:TiO2 thin film. The dendrite‐type objects emerged from a homogeneous and highly transparent Ag:TiO2 nanocomposite, via the mechanism of diffusion‐limited‐aggregation of Ag atoms, during heat‐treatment at 500 °C. A porous TiO2 matrix was also formed during this process, opening a wide range of possible applications, namely in sensing‐based ones, together with surface enhanced spectroscopies. Furthermore, fractals incorporate a wide range of shapes and spatial scales, inducing a potentially interesting optical response, over the whole visible range, presumably related with localized surface plasmon modes with very broad spectral distribution.

magnified image

Ag fractals on porous TiO2 matrix, emerged from a sputtered Ag:TiO2 nanocomposite thin film, after annealing at 500 °C. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
HIV1‐viral protein R (Vpr) mutations: associated phenotypes and relevance for clinical pathologies
Authors: Soares Rui , Rocha Graça , Meliço‐Silvestre António , Gonçalves Teresa
Published: June 2016

Over the last 30 years, research into HIV has advanced the knowledge of virus genetics and the development of efficient therapeutic strategies. HIV‐1 viral protein R (Vpr) is a specialized and multifunctional protein that plays important roles at multiple stages of the HIV‐1 viral life cycle. This protein interacts with a number of cellular and viral proteins and with multiple activities including nuclear transport of the pre‐integration complex (PIC) to the nucleus, transcriptional activation, cell cycle arrest at G2/M transition phase and induction of cell death via apoptosis. Specifically, Vpr has been shown to control many host cell functions through a variety of biological processes and by interaction with several cellular pathways. The different functions of Vpr may enhance viral replication and impair the immune system in HIV‐1 infected patients. Importantly, functional defects induced by mutations in the Vpr protein correlate with slow disease progression of HIV‐infected patients. Vpr is also associated with other concomitant pathologies developed by these patients, which may lead it to be considered as a potential novel therapeutic target.

This review will focus on HIV‐1 Vpr, mainly on the importance of its structural mutations on the progression of HIV infection, associated phenotypes and relevance for clinical pathologies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hearthholds of mobile money in western Kenya
Authors: Kusimba Sibel , Yang Yang , Chawla Nitesh
Published: June 2016

Kenyans use mobile money services to transfer money to friends and relatives via mobile phone text messaging. Kenya's M‐Pesa is one of the most successful examples of digital money for financial inclusion. This article uses social network analysis and ethnographic information to examine ties to and through women in 12 mobile money transfer networks of kin, drawn from field data collected in 2012, 2013, and 2014. The social networks are based on reciprocal and dense ties among siblings and parents, especially mothers. Men participate equally in social networks, but as brothers and mother's brothers more often than as fathers. The matrilineal ties of mobile money circulate value within the hearthhold (Ekejiuba 2005) of women, their children, and others connected to them. Using remittances, families negotiate investments in household farming or work, education, and migration. Money sending supports the diverse economic strategies, flexible kinship ties, and mobility of hearthholds. Gifts of e‐money are said to express a natural love and caring among mothers and siblings and are often private and personal. Consequently, the money circulations of the hearthhold avoid disrupting widely shared ideals of patrilineal solidarity and household autonomy.
Efficient treatment allocation in 2 × 2 cluster randomized trials, when costs and variances are heterogeneous
Authors: Lemme Francesca , van Breukelen Gerard J. P. , Berger Martijn P. F.
Published: June 2016

Typically, clusters and individuals in cluster randomized trials are allocated across treatment conditions in a balanced fashion. This is optimal under homogeneous costs and outcome variances. However, both the costs and the variances may be heterogeneous. Then, an unbalanced allocation is more efficient but impractical as the outcome variance is unknown in the design stage of a study. A practical alternative to the balanced design could be a design optimal for known and possibly heterogeneous costs and homogeneous variances. However, when costs and variances are heterogeneous, both designs suffer from loss of efficiency, compared with the optimal design. Focusing on cluster randomized trials with a 2 × 2 design, the relative efficiency of the balanced design and of the design optimal for heterogeneous costs and homogeneous variances is evaluated, relative to the optimal design. We consider two heterogeneous scenarios (two treatment arms with small, and two with large, costs or variances, or one small, two intermediate, and one large costs or variances) at each design level (cluster, individual, and both). Within these scenarios, we compute the relative efficiency of the two designs as a function of the extents of heterogeneity of the costs and variances, and the congruence (the cheapest treatment has the smallest variance) and incongruence (the cheapest treatment has the largest variance) between costs and variances. We find that the design optimal for heterogeneous costs and homogeneous variances is generally more efficient than the balanced design and we illustrate this theory on a trial that examines methods to reduce radiological referrals from general practices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intersectional Perspectives on Gender and Gender Identity Development
Authors: Robbins Claire K. , McGowan Brian L.
Published: June 2016

The authors analyze intersectional perspectives on gender and gender identity development among college students.
View from Practice: Managing Effectively in Collectivist Societies: Lessons from Samba Schools and Dabbawalas
Authors: Behrens Alfredo , Singh Pritam , Bhandarker Asha
Published: June 2016

This article reviews the organizational values, recruitment, and reward policies of Brazilian samba schools and Indian dabbawalas to illustrate how their fit to local cultures results in greater productivity, engagement, and low turnover. American‐style management has spread worldwide, yet in emerging market countries such as India and Brazil, multinationals often struggle to motivate and engage their employees. The companies’ top ranks in these countries are usually dominated by English‐speaking, university‐educated elites who are comfortable with Western management techniques. But these managers can be, as the Comprador class was in seventeenth‐century China, strangers in their own land, implementing management techniques that feel foreign and inappropriate to their employees. The result is often low productivity, absenteeism, and unhappiness. However, there are organizations in both India and Brazil that achieve staggeringly high productivity and consistently strong engagement though unaware of mainstream management techniques. The samba schools of Brazil and the dabbawala lunch‐delivery system of Mumbai do this by working within local cultural norms rather than trying to impose foreign ideas about efficient management. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determining the biogas potential of agricultural by‐products in a Hungarian subregion
Authors: Ihász Roland , Laza Tamás
Published: June 2016

There are huge possibilities in using agricultural by‐products for power or heat generation CHP, but this is still underdeveloped in Hungary. As the assessment of available capacities is an essential criterion of increased utilization, a method is provided to determine the biogas potential. The amount of available agricultural by‐products to be used as substrate for biogas production in a Hungarian subregion is investigated as an example. The amount of biogas to be produced gives the theoretical potential from which the economic potential can also be estimated, taking into account the feasibility of certain types of biogas plants. The possibilities are shown through the example of a Central‐Eastern European subregion with typical agricultural production. The biogas potential is calculated from the by‐product generation of the agriculture, including both the farmers and large companies and unused arable lands as well. Although there are other possible biogas substrates available, such as sewage and communal waste, the goal is to determine how agriculture could participate in the energy production of the region, so these were not included in the calculation of biogas potential. The biogas could replace more than 35 million m3 of natural gas, which is about 70% of the subregion's annual consumption or could be used to generate 123,692 MWh/a of electricity, which corresponds to 56% of the area's annual electricity consumption. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e219. doi: 10.1002/wene.219

This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Economics and Policy

Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure

Energy and Development > Systems and Infrastructure
Aviation biofuel from integrated woody biomass in southern Australia
Authors: McGrath John F. , Goss Kevin F. , Brown Mark W. , Bartle John R. , Abadi Amir
Published: June 2016

A synthesis of work on integrating short‐rotation biomass plantings into existing mixed crop and livestock farming regimes with the biomass being converted to biofuels, including aviation fuel, is provided. This agroforestry system, based on mallee eucalypt species native to Australia, provides broader environmental benefits, including biodiversity protection. These species are suited to the edaphic and climatic conditions of rainfed farming systems in southern Australia. The study focused on the Great Southern region of Western Australia, with an average annual rainfall of 400–600 mm. Compared to other locations in Australia, significantly more research and development has been conducted in this region, with a mallee biomass‐to‐jet fuel business case and farmer cooperation providing reliable data for assessing the viability and sustainability of commercial supply chain development. The limited capacity of Australian agricultural systems to produce biomass due to the relatively dry climate means that the available biomass resources should be directed to strategically important energy uses such as aviation fuel. Technical, economic, and environmental insights gained from these long‐term studies have demonstrated that it is feasible to integrate this new production system into the overall farming enterprise and indicate strong prospects for a biomass industry in this region should political and economic uncertainties currently facing the renewable energy industry in Australia be resolved. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e221. doi: 10.1002/wene.221

This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials

Bioenergy > Economics and Policy

Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure
Psychosis as a transdiagnostic and extended phenotype in the general population
Authors: van Os Jim , Reininghaus Uli
Published: June 2016

A large body of research indicates that weak expressions of positive psychotic symptoms (“psychotic experiences”) can be measured in the general population, and likely represent the behavioural manifestation of distributed multifactorial (genetic and non‐genetic) risk for psychosis. Psychotic experiences are a transdiagnostic phenomenon: the majority of individuals with these experiences have a diagnosis of non‐psychotic disorder, particularly common mental disorder, in which psychotic experiences predict greater illness severity and poorer treatment response. Some of the people with common mental disorder and psychotic experiences will present to mental health services meeting criteria for “clinical high risk”. Treatment of the transdiagnostic dimension of psychosis in individuals with common mental disorder who meet “clinical high risk” criteria thus may improve outcome (which cannot be interpreted as prevention of “schizophrenia”). Subthreshold psychotic experiences are transitory in about 80% of individuals, while around 20% go on to develop persistent psychotic experiences and 7% a psychotic disorder, with an annual transition rate of 0.5‐1%. Persistence is associated, on the one hand, with environmental exposures, particularly childhood trauma, and, on the other, with network‐type dynamic interactions between psychotic experiences themselves (e.g., interactions between hallucinatory experiences and delusional ideation) and between symptom dimensions (e.g., interactions between affective symptoms and psychotic experiences, or interactions between subthreshold negative symptoms and psychotic experiences). The study of psychotic experiences is helping to elucidate the mechanisms by which environmental and genetic influences shape the transdiagnostic expression of psychosis proneness, that is mostly transitory but may first become persistent over time and eventually give rise to transition to a psychotic disorder.
Risk Evaluation of Postoperative Delirium Using Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Elderly Patients with Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Masaaki , Yamasaki Makoto , Sugimoto Ken , Maekawa Yoshihiro , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Makino Tomoki , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Takiguchi Shuji , Rakugi Hiromi , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro
Published: June 2016

Background

The number of geriatric patients with esophageal cancer is increasing in step with the aging of the population. Geriatric patients have a higher risk of postoperative complications, including delirium that can cause a fall or impact survival. Therefore, it is very important that we evaluate risks of postoperative complications before surgery. The aim of this study was to predict postoperative delirium in elderly patients.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 91 patients aged 75 years and over who underwent esophagectomy between January 2006 and December 2014. We investigated the association between postoperative delirium and clinicopathological factors, including comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA).

Results

Postoperative delirium developed in 24 (26 %) patients. Postoperative delirium was significantly associated with low mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) and high Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (GDS15), which are components of CGA, and psychiatric disorder (P < 0.0001, P = 0.002, and P = 0.017, respectively). With multiple logistic regression analysis, MMSE (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.2–1.6; P < 0.0001] and GDS15 (OR, 1.3; 95 % CI, 1.1–1.6; P = 0.004) were independently associated with postoperative delirium.

Conclusions

Preoperative CGA, especially MMSE and GDS15, was useful for predicting postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Intervention by a multidisciplinary team using CGA might help prevent postoperative delirium.
Risk for Patient Harm in Canadian Genetic Counseling Practice: It's Time to Consider Regulation
Authors: Shugar Andrea L. , Quercia Nada , Trevors Christopher , Rabideau Marina M. , Ahmed Sohnee
Published: June 2016

With the increasing awareness of genetic contributions to disease in Canada, the availability of and demand for genetic testing has soared. Genetic counseling is becoming a recognized and rapidly growing (yet unregulated) health profession in Canada. We hypothesized that the potential risk for harm to the public posed by genetic counseling practice in the province of Ontario is sufficient to consider regulation. The Ontario Ministry of Health and Long‐Term Care (MOHTLC) sets criteria (both primary and secondary) to identify health professional bodies that meet the threshold for regulation in the province. We developed a survey based on the MOHTLC criteria to determine if genetic counselors meet the primary criteria to be considered for health professions regulation in Ontario. We surveyed 120 Ontario genetic counselors about their clinical practice and perceptions of risk for harm to the public. Results indicate that Ontario genetic counselors are highly independent in their clinical practice and are involved in patient care activities, clinical judgement and decision‐making that have the potential to harm patients. In particular, cancer genetic counselors were identified as a cohort that practices with relatively high autonomy and low supervision. In summary, our study indicates that genetic counseling practice in Ontario meets the primary criteria to be considered for regulation.
Re‐establishing the mid‐storey tree Persoonia longifolia (Proteaceae) in restored forest following bauxite mining in southern Western Australia
Authors: Chia Kerryn A. , Koch John M. , Sadler Rohan , Turner Shane R.
Published: June 2016

Persoonia longifolia is a common mid‐storey species that is difficult to return to post‐mining environments. This study aimed to quantify in situ emergence of P. longifolia seeds on restored areas, investigate seed cueing prior to use in restoration and assess different tree guards for increasing seedling survival and health. Initial investigations found that <1 % of seeds buried or scattered on restored areas produced seedlings. However, if seeds were cued through burial in surrounding forest, retrieved and sown on restored areas, seedling emergence increased to 24 %. Significantly more seeds emerged as seedlings when buried (14.6 %) compared to those scattered on the soil surface (2.7 %). There was no significant difference in survival between seedlings planted at 2‐3 weeks of age compared with those planted at 12 months of age after 20 months in situ growth. Additionally, those seedlings planted when younger were significantly taller (29.0 ± 2.9 cm) than those that were planted at 12 months of age (4.7 ± 0.3 cm). Use of “onion bag” guards improved survival from 58.1 ± 4.0 % (no guard) to 70.8 ± 3.4 % with an onion bag guard. The use of shade cloth guards did not significantly improve survival, however plant height did increase substantially after 32 months growth (22 cm compared with 7.2 cm for no guard). These data demonstrate that consideration needs to be given to specific species requirements to improve seedling emergence and survival when attempting to return difficult to germinate species to the post‐mining environment.
Integrative Planning of Post-suburban Growth in the Glatt Valley (Switzerland)
Authors: Carr Constance , McDonough Evan
Published: June 2016

This paper addresses conditions of post-suburban urbanisation. Our empirical base is drawn from observations of integration initiatives in the region of the Glatt Valley, a rather undefined area extending from the City of Zurich towards the airport and spreading over a number of small municipalities. Under growth pressure, municipalities are coordinating housing, transportation, and economic activity, and this is generating new post-suburban forms. To understand these processes, qualitative methods were used, relevant documents surveyed, and conversational interviews with actors in the area conducted. A process of infrastructure consolidation was observed, which moved towards integrating functional pathways and optimising capital accumulation, and attracting and catering for business development and high-income earners. To date, the region has proved to be diverse and dynamic, while also furthering certain modes of fragmentation and social stratification. The results reveal post-suburban forms that are place specific and path dependent insofar as they are driven by particular arrangements of governance that emphasise a certain mode of integrative planning. This form of post-suburban growth is also producing new forms of fragmentation.
A rare DNA contact mutation in cancer confers p53 gain‐of‐function and tumor cell survival via TNFAIP8 induction
Authors: Monteith Jessica A. , Mellert Hestia , Sammons Morgan A. , Kuswanto Laudita A. , Sykes Stephen M. , Resnick-Silverman Lois , Manfredi James J. , Berger Shelley L. , McMahon Steven B.
Published: June 2016

The p53 tumor suppressor gene encodes a sequence‐specific transcription factor. Mutations in the coding sequence of p53 occur frequently in human cancer and often result in single amino acid substitutions (missense mutations) in the DNA binding domain (DBD), blocking normal tumor suppressive functions. In addition to the loss of canonical functions, some missense mutations in p53 confer gain‐of‐function (GOF) activities to tumor cells. While many missense mutations in p53 cluster at six “hotspot” amino acids, the majority of mutations in human cancer occur elsewhere in the DBD and at a much lower frequency. We report here that mutations at K120, a non‐hotspot DNA contact residue, confer p53 with the previously unrecognized ability to bind and activate the transcription of the pro‐survival TNFAIP8 gene. Mutant K120 p53 binds the TNFAIP8 locus at a cryptic p53 response element that is not occupied by wild‐type p53. Furthermore, induction of TNFAIP8 is critical for the evasion of apoptosis by tumor cells expressing the K120R variant of p53. These findings identify induction of pro‐survival targets as a mechanism of gain‐of‐function activity for mutant p53 and will likely broaden our understanding of this phenomenon beyond the limited number of GOF activities currently reported for hotspot mutants.
Megafloods and Clovis cache at Wenatchee, Washington
Authors: Waitt Richard B.
Published: June 2016

Immense late Wisconsin floods from glacial Lake Missoula drowned the Wenatchee reach of Washington's Columbia valley by different routes. The earliest debacles, nearly 19,000 cal yr BP, raged 335 m deep down the Columbia and built high Pangborn bar at Wenatchee. As advancing ice blocked the northwest of Columbia valley, several giant floods descended Moses Coulee and backflooded up the Columbia past Wenatchee. Ice then blocked Moses Coulee, and Grand Coulee to Quincy basin became the westmost floodway. From Quincy basin many Missoula floods backflowed 50 km upvalley to Wenatchee 18,000 to 15,500 years ago. Receding ice dammed glacial Lake Columbia centuries more—till it burst about 15,000 years ago. After Glacier Peak ashfall about 13,600 years ago, smaller great flood(s) swept down the Columbia from glacial Lake Kootenay in British Columbia. The East Wenatchee cache of huge fluted Clovis points had been laid atop Pangborn bar after the Glacier Peak ashfall, then buried by loess. Clovis people came five and a half millennia after the early gigantic Missoula floods, two and a half millennia after the last small Missoula flood, and two millennia after the glacial Lake Columbia flood. People likely saw outburst flood(s) from glacial Lake Kootenay.
The Influence of Metropolitan Statistical Areas on Direct-to-consumer Agricultural Sales of Local Food in the Northeast
Authors: O'Hara Jeffrey K. , Low Sarah A.
Published: June 2016

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) agricultural sales doubled in the United States between 1992 and 2007 and then plateaued between 2007 and 2012. It is not clear whether the plateau in sales was attributable to the recession, market saturation, an aging population, or other factors. We estimate the influence of socioeconomic factors in metropolitan areas on DTC agricultural sales between 1992 and 2012 in thirteen Northeast states using county-level panel data. We find that the income elasticity of DTC agricultural purchases ranged from 2.2 to 2.7 and that counties in metropolitan areas did not have higher DTC agricultural sales than other counties, ceteris paribus.
LIFTING TO GL(2) OVER A DIVISION QUATERNION ALGEBRA, AND AN EXPLICIT CONSTRUCTION OF CAP REPRESENTATIONS
Authors: MUTO MASANORI , NARITA HIRO-AKI , PITALE AMEYA
Published: June 2016

The aim of this paper is to carry out an explicit construction of CAP representations of $\text{GL}(2)$ over a division quaternion algebra with discriminant two. We first construct cusp forms on such a group explicitly by lifting from Maass cusp forms for the congruence subgroup ${\rm\Gamma}_{0}(2)$. We show that this lifting is nonzero and Hecke-equivariant. This allows us to determine each local component of a cuspidal representation generated by such a lifting. We then show that our cuspidal representations provide examples of CAP (cuspidal representation associated to a parabolic subgroup) representations, and, in fact, counterexamples to the Ramanujan conjecture.
Public Wrongs and Public Reason
Authors: FLANDERS CHAD
Published: June 2016

The distinction between crimes that involve wrongs in themselves and crimes that are wrong because the law makes them so has long puzzled theorists. This essay argues that the distinction, while getting at something real, is based on a mistake. That mistake is made both by those who see moral wrongness as a necessary condition for criminality and by those who believe merely making something illegal is sufficient to make it criminal. Neither is correct. Rather, what makes something a criminal wrong is that it involves a violation of a law that has been justified in terms of “public reason.”
Becoming Hamlet for Only Nine Days: Korean Workers and Documentary Theatre
Authors: JU HYUNSHIK
Published: June 2016

In South Korea, workers’ theatre is often considered outdated and unsuited for the postmodern era of hybridity and diversity because of its crude, ideology-oriented slogans. Thus the success ofHamlet for Only Nine Days(2013), featuring workers laid off from the CortCortec factory in South Korea as actors, is highly exceptional. This article presents an analysis of the characteristics ofHamlet for Only Nine Daysas documentary theatre where various experiences and representations of reality mix with fiction, and reviews its political significance.
Progression from Vegetative to Minimally Conscious State Is Associated with Changes in Brain Neural Response to Passive Tasks: A Longitudinal Single-Case Functional MRI Study
Authors: Tomaiuolo Francesco , Cecchetti Luca , Gibson Raechelle M. , Logi Fiammetta , Owen Adrian M. , Malasoma Franco , Cozza Sabino , Pietrini Pietro , Ricciardi Emiliano
Published: June 2016

Objectives: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may be adopted as a complementary tool for bedside observation in the disorders of consciousness (DOC). However, the diagnostic value of this technique is still debated because of the lack of accuracy in determining levels of consciousness within a single patient. Recently, Giacino and colleagues (2014) hypothesized that a longitudinal fMRI evaluation may provide a more informative assessment in the detection of residual awareness. The aim of this study was to measure the correspondence between clinically defined level of awareness and neural responses within a single DOC patient. Methods: We used a follow-up fMRI design in combination with a passive speech-processing task. Patient’s consciousness was measured through time by using the Coma Recovery Scale. Results: The patient progressed from a vegetative state (VS) to a minimally conscious state (MCS). Patient’s task-related neural responses mirrored the clinical change from a VS to an MCS. Specifically, while in an MCS, but not a VS, the patient showed a selective recruitment of the left angular gyrus when he listened to a native speech narrative, as compared to the reverse presentation of the same stimulus. Furthermore, the patient showed an increased response in the language-related brain network and a greater deactivation in the default mode network following his progression to an MCS. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that longitudinal assessment of brain responses to passive stimuli can contribute to the definition of the clinical status in individual patients with DOC and represents an adequate counterpart of the bedside assessment during the diagnostic decision-making process. (JINS, 2016, 22, 620–630)
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and its association with overweight among young children from China
Authors: Yu Pan , Chen Yun , Zhao Ai , Bai Ying , Zheng Yingdong , Zhao Wenzhi , Zhang Yumei
Published: June 2016

Objective

To fully understand the sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption status among Chinese young children and to explore its association with weight gain.

Design

In this cross-sectional study, data on sociodemographic characteristics, SSB intake and weight/height were collected by means of face-to-face interviews. The intake of SSB among young Chinese children in relation to their age, different characteristics and types of SSB consumed is described, and the association between SSB intake and BMI-for-age Z-score and overweight is explored.

Setting

Seven large cities and two villages in China.

Subjects

Nine hundred and forty-six healthy children, aged 3–7 years.

Results

The proportion of SSB intake among Chinese young children was 80·5 %; 3·4 % were daily consumers, 34·0 % (31·4 %) consumed at least once per week (month). The per capita and per consumer SSB intake was 63·1 9 (sd 100·8) and 78·4 (sd 106·9) ml/d. Children from rural areas consumed twice, or even triple, the amount of SSB as those from urban areas (P<0·001) and great disparities existed between the types of SSB consumed by urban and rural children. An association was found between increased SSB intake and higher BMI-for-age Z-score (P<0·05) after adjusting for potential confounders; there was also an association between SSB intake and increased risk of being overweight or obese.

Conclusions

The consumption status of SSB in Chinese young children is of concern. There was a positive association between SSB intake and weight gain. Measures should be taken to improve the present situation of SSB consumption among Chinese young children.
Familial Aggregation of Migraine and Depression: Insights From a Large Australian Twin Sample
Authors: Yang Yuanhao , Zhao Huiying , Heath Andrew C. , Madden Pamela A. F. , Martin Nicholas G. , Nyholt Dale R.
Published: June 2016

Objectives: This research examined the familial aggregation of migraine, depression, and their co-occurrence.

Methods: Diagnoses of migraine and depression were determined in a sample of 5,319 Australian twins. Migraine was diagnosed by either self-report, the ID migraine™ Screener, or International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. Depression was defined by fulfilling either major depressive disorder (MDD) or minor depressive disorder (MiDD) based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria. The relative risks (RR) for migraine and depression were estimated in co-twins of twin probands reporting migraine or depression to evaluate their familial aggregation and co-occurrence.

Results: An increased RR of both migraine and depression in co-twins of probands with the same trait was observed, with significantly higher estimates within monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs compared to dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. For cross-trait analysis, the RR for migraine in co-twins of probands reporting depression was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.24–1.48) in MZ pairs and 1.04 (95% CI: 0.95–1.14) in DZ pairs; and the RR for depression in co-twins of probands reporting migraine was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.14–1.38) in MZ pairs and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.94–1.11) in DZ pairs. The RR for strict IHS migraine in co-twins of probands reporting MDD was 2.23 (95% CI: 1.81–2.75) in MZ pairs and 1.55 (95% CI: 1.34–1.79) in DZ pairs; and the RR for MDD in co-twins of probands reporting IHS migraine was 1.35 (95% CI: 1.13–1.62) in MZ pairs and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.93–1.22) in DZ pairs.

Conclusions: We observed significant evidence for a genetic contribution to familial aggregation of migraine and depression. Our findings suggest a bi-directional association between migraine and depression, with an increased risk for depression in relatives of probands reporting migraine, and vice versa. However, the observed risk for migraine in relatives of probands reporting depression was considerably higher than the reverse. These results add further support to previous studies suggesting that patients with comorbid migraine and depression are genetically more similar to patients with only depression than patients with only migraine.