bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recurrent conditional heteroskedasticity
Authors: Nguyen Trong‐Nghia , Tran Minh‐Ngoc , Kohn Robert
Published: May 2022

We propose a new class of financial volatility models, called the REcurrent Conditional Heteroskedastic (RECH) models, to improve both in‐sample analysis and out‐of‐sample forecasting of the traditional conditional heteroskedastic models. In particular, we incorporate auxiliary deterministic processes, governed by recurrent neural networks, into the conditional variance of the traditional conditional heteroskedastic models, for example, GARCH‐type models, to flexibly capture the dynamics of the underlying volatility. RECH models can detect interesting effects in financial volatility overlooked by the existing conditional heteroskedastic models such as the GARCH, GJR, and EGARCH. The new models often have good out‐of‐sample forecasts while still explaining well the stylized facts of financial volatility by retaining the well‐established features of econometric GARCH‐type models. These properties are illustrated through simulation studies and applications to 31 stock indices and exchange rate data. An user‐friendly software package, together with the examples reported in the paper, is available athttps://github.com/vbayeslab.
How is machine learning useful for macroeconomic forecasting?
Authors: Goulet Coulombe Philippe , Leroux Maxime , Stevanovic Dalibor , Surprenant Stéphane
Published: May 2022

We move beyondIs Machine Learning Useful for Macroeconomic Forecasting?by adding thehow. The current forecasting literature has focused on matching specific variables and horizons with a particularly successful algorithm. To the contrary, we study the usefulness of the underlying features driving ML gains over standard macroeconometric methods. We distinguish four so‐called features (nonlinearities, regularization, cross‐validation, and alternative loss function) and study their behavior in both the data‐rich and data‐poor environments. To do so, we design experiments that allow to identify the “treatment” effects of interest. We conclude that(i)nonlinearity is the true game changer for macroeconomic prediction,(ii)the standard factor model remains the best regularization,(iii)K‐fold cross‐validation is the best practice, and(iv)the is preferred to the ‐insensitive in‐sample loss. The forecasting gains of nonlinear techniques are associated with high macroeconomic uncertainty, financial stress and housing bubble bursts. Furthermore, ML nonlinearities are helpful when considering density forecasts.
Accelerating the 3D reference interaction site model theory of molecular solvation with treecode summation and cut‐offs
Authors: Wilson Leighton , Krasny Robert , Luchko Tyler
Published: May 2022

The 3D reference interaction site model (3D‐RISM) of molecular solvation is a powerful tool for computing the equilibrium thermodynamics and density distributions of solvents, such as water and co‐ions, around solute molecules. However, 3D‐RISM solutions can be expensive to calculate, especially for proteins and other large molecules where calculating the potential energy between solute and solvent requires more than half the computation time. To address this problem, we have developed and implemented treecode summation for long‐range interactions and analytically corrected cut‐offs for short‐range interactions to accelerate the potential energy and long‐range asymptotics calculations in non‐periodic 3D‐RISM in the AmberTools molecular modeling suite. For the largest single protein considered in this work, tubulin, the total computation time was reduced by a factor of 4. In addition, parallel calculations with these new methods scale almost linearly and the iterative solver remains the largest impediment to parallel scaling. To demonstrate the utility of our approach for large systems, we used 3D‐RISM to calculate the solvation thermodynamics and density distribution of 7‐ring microtubule, consisting of 910 tubulin dimers, over 1.2 million atoms.
Cerium(III) triflate–catalyzed cycloaddition reaction in aqueous conditions to substituted naphthotriazolediones
Authors: Li Ya‐Syuan , Liang Chien‐Fu
Published: May 2022

In this study, the cerium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate–catalyzed cycloaddition of 1,4‐naphthoquinone with functionalized azides in aqueous solutions was used to synthesize naphtho[2,3‐d][1,2,3]triazole‐4,9‐dione derivatives. Moreover, our method boasts scalability and completes the synthesis of two key biological compounds. Our method's advantages are environmentally friendly reaction conditions, easy applicability in large‐scale operations, broad structurally diverse products produced in high yields, and the recyclability of catalysts.
Early childhood learning patterns for a home visiting program in rural China
Authors: Zhou Jin , Heckman James , Wang Fuyao , Liu Bei
Published: May 2022

This paper uses novel experimental data from a prototypical early childhood home visiting program in China with high‐frequency measurements to investigate the growth of multiple skills. After identifying the presence of child skill development on multiple skills during the intervention, we further study the features of child learning patterns. We find that individual heterogeneity and previous task performance (state dependence) are key properties of the child's task performance during the intervention, consistent with models of reinforcement learning.
Acceptability of a mobile sensing application to characterize community integration among homeless‐experienced veterans
Authors: Harris Taylor , Gabrielian Sonya , Ilagan Brian , Olsen Megan K. , Green Michael F.
Published: May 2022

Mobile sensing applications that collect active, Ecological Momentary Assessment data, and passive, Global Positioning System data provide reliable, longitudinal assessments of community integration. Ensuring their acceptability by vulnerable populations is warranted. Acceptability‐related perceptions of a mobile sensing application were gathered via focus groups with homeless‐experienced Veterans with serious mental illness (n = 19) and individual interviews with providers (n = 5) to inform subsequent application tailoring and testing. Rapid assessment generated structured summaries and matrix analyses integrated participant data. Active data collection was deemed noninvasive, with more concerns of passive data “ending up in the wrong hands.” Providers recommended clear descriptions and promotion of choice to navigate privacy concerns and guardedness. Participants felt the application possessed clinical value for enhancing patient‐provider interactions and community integration efforts. Overall, participants found application features acceptable and expressed Veterans’ willingness to engage in research using mobile sensing technology. Recommendations to enhance acceptability are discussed.
Effect of addition of Ca2+ to titanium by a hydrothermal method on soft tissue sealing
Authors: Fu Zhendi , Deng Xuehua , Fang Xiaodan
Published: May 2022

The long‐term stability of implants requires good peri‐implant soft tissue sealing. Calcium ion (Ca2+) was loaded onto titanium surface by a hydrothermal method. In vitro, the morphology and composition of titanium surfaces were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy; proliferation of hGF‐1 cells was measured by the CCK‐8 assay; immunofluorescence staining was done to detect adherent proteins on titanium surface. In vivo, the degree of attachment between the implant and the surrounding soft tissue was measured by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The percentage of hGF‐1 cells adhering in the Ca group was significantly higher (p < .01); the fluorescence of integrin‐β1 and F‐actin in the Ca group was stronger; Ca group had the shorter length of HRP (p < .01). Ca2+ can be added to the surface of titanium by a hydrothermal method and it will be more beneficial for soft tissue early sealing.

Highlights

A simple method to form micron crystals on titanium surface.

The micron crystal promotes the attachment of human gingival fibroblasts.

Facilitates early and rapid formation of soft‐tissue sealing around implants.
Nitrate losses and nitrous oxide emissions under contrasting tillage and cover crop management
Authors: O'Brien Peter L. , Emmett Bryan D. , Malone Robert W. , Nunes Márcio R. , Kovar John L. , Kaspar Thomas C. , Moorman Thomas B. , Jaynes Dan B. , Parkin Timothy B.
Published: May 2022

Agroecosystems in the upper Mississippi River Basin are highly productive but often contribute to deterioration of water quality and greenhouse gas emissions. Cover cropping and no‐till are conservation strategies implemented to reduce the environmental impact of these agroecosystems. However, using multiple strategies can lead to systemwide interactions that are not fully understood. These interactions can affect not only environmental quality metrics, such as subsurface drainage nitrate losses or nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, but also may influence crop production potential. A field trial was initiated comparing nitrate losses, N2O emissions, and crop production under systems with fall chisel plow tillage, fall chisel plow tillage with an oat (Avena sativa L.) cover crop (CP‐oat), no‐till (NT), no‐till with a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop (NT‐rye), and NT with zero N fertilizer. Pathways for nitrate losses and N2O emissions did not appear linked and were not tied to cover crop or tillage practices. Nitrate losses were linked with drainage volumes, and cover crops and tillage had limited effect on cumulative drainage volumes. Notably, NT‐rye altered the relationship between drainage volume and nitrate losses by reducing nitrate concentrations, lowering nitrate losses by 59 ±9% compared with CP‐oat and 67 ± 9% compared with NT. Neither cover crop nor tillage consistently affected N2O emissions or crop yield. Rather, N2O emissions were closely tied with fertilizer N application and seasonal weather patterns. These findings indicate that nitrate leaching and N2O emissions are regulated by separate mechanisms, so conservation management may require stacking multiple practices to be effective.
How can we create a diverse, equitable and inclusive workplace in society without the voice of disability? Lessons from Ghana
Authors: Nkansah‐Dwamena Ernest
Published: May 2022

In Africa, the work experiences of disabled people can help employers and the government build more inclusive workplaces. Nonetheless, research exploring disabled people's work experiences at various employment stages is limited, particularly in Africa. The study applies ethnographic research methods to examine the work experience of those with visual, speech, hearing, mobility and psychological disabilities in Ghana. Data were coded and analysed using content and descriptive methods. The findings suggest that disabled people face several barriers, including inadequate accommodation, negative stereotyping, stigmatization, discrimination and poor performance evaluation at work. This paper argues that transformational leadership is a prerequisite for African governments and private sector employers seeking to improve the workplace environment and build an inclusive culture within these spaces.
Immunogenicity of COVID‐19 vaccines in patients with diverse health conditions: A comprehensive systematic review
Authors: Cho Kyuyeon , Park Seoyeon , Kim Eun‐Young , Koyanagi Ai , Jacob Louis , Yon Dong K. , Lee Seung Won , Kim Min Seo , Radua Joaquim , Elena Dragioti , Il Shin Jae , Smith Lee
Published: May 2022

It remains unclear how effective COVID‐19 vaccinations will be in patients with weakened immunity due to diseases, transplantation, and dialysis. We conducted a systematic review comparing the efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with solid tumor, hematologic malignancy, autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and patients who received transplantation or dialysis. A literature search was conducted twice using the Medline/PubMed database. As a result, 21 papers were included in the review, and seropositivity rate was summarized by specific type of disease, transplantation, and dialysis. When different papers studied the same type of patient group, a study with a higher number of participants was selected. Most of the solid tumor patients showed a seropositivity rate of more than 80% after the second inoculation, but a low seropositivity was found in certain tumors such as breast cancer. Research in patients with certain types of hematological malignancy and autoimmune diseases has also reported low seropositivity, and this may have been affected by the immunosuppressive treatment these patients receive. Research in patients receiving dialysis or transplantation has reported lower seropositivity rates than the general population, while all patients with inflammatory bowel disease have converted to be seropositive. Meta‐analysis validating these results will be needed, and studies will also be needed on methods to protect patients with reduced immunity from COVID‐19.
Solving 2D Poisson's equation based on conditional generative adversarial network
Authors: Peng Kangning , Xu Feng
Published: May 2022

The numerical simulation of electromagnetic problems is usually complex and time‐consuming, so a fast and accurate solver is urgently needed. In this paper, a deep learning method based on conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) is used to solve the 2D Poisson's equation in electrostatic field. The relative permittivity distribution and source charge distribution in the two dimensional region are regarded as label of CGAN, and the potential distribution is the real image or generated image corresponding to the label. This deep learning network can be trained by reasonably designing the loss functions of generator and discriminator, and based on a large amount of samples obtained by the finite difference method. The average relative prediction error of the trained CGAN for all samples is less than 0.5%, with a significant reduction in prediction time, while that of convolution neural network (CNN) is less than 1.5%. Furthermore, the average relative prediction error of CGAN is less than 1% for the scenes different from those of training and testing samples, including triangle, square, and pentagon. The prediction results indicate that CGAN has stronger learning ability and fast prediction speed, and can be used as a fast solver for electromagnetic numerical problems.
Cold grass or hot sands? A comparative study of immigrant Punjabi–Pakistani entrepreneurs in London and Dubai
Authors: Yasin Naveed
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this paper is to compare immigrant community's business start‐up experiences in ethnic enclaves of London (UK) and Dubai (UAE). The primary data were collected through 20 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews (10 from each country) identified through personal contact networks and snowball sampling approaches in each country. The data were collected from November 2020 to March 2021 and analyzed using the template analysis approach. The findings reveal positive and ambitious business start‐up motivations and experiences among a psychologically “transient” migrant community in the UAE, despite starting their business under stricter business start‐up regulations in comparison with the UK sample where adverse motivations for business start‐up were reported with negative business start‐up experiences among a “naturalized” migrant community with comparatively liberal business start‐up regulations. This study contributes to the empirical cross‐national studies in immigrant entrepreneurship and provides impetus to the mixed embeddedness model while also reviving the seminal works of Phizacklea and Ram as a continuation of a stagnant discourse on cross‐national ethnic entrepreneurship.
Fish proteins as potential precursors of taste‐active compounds: an in silico study
Authors: Hu Yun , Xiao Naiyong , Ye Yiting , Shi Wenzheng
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Fish protein is a good source of amino acids and peptides with sensory properties. Theoretically, the type of protein affects the taste quality of the protein hydrolysates. To better use fish protein in the food ingredients industry, an in silico approach was adopted to evaluate the potential of fish protein to release taste‐active compounds.

RESULTS

Six types of protein from seven commercial fishes were screened from the Uniprot knowledge base. The results showed that a remarkable number of umami fragments presented in myosin and parvalbumin (PB), such as glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), and Asp‐ and Glu‐ containing peptides, whereas sweet amino acids and bitter peptides (e.g., Pro‐ and Gly‐ containing peptides) were mainly found in collagen (CGI) in all fish samples. After the in silico proteolysis by papain, a difference in the profile of taste‐active fragments was observed among the six types of proteins. Amino acids were the main hydrolysis products of these proteins, especially umami, sweet, and bitter amino acids, significantly contributing to the taste formation of protein hydrolysates. Besides, the myosin and CGI hydrolysates were abundant in taste active peptides both in types and quantities.

CONCLUSION

Myosin is a promising protein source for producing umami fragments, and CGI seems to be a good precursor of sweet and bitter fragments. Different types of protein have an essential effect on the taste of protein hydrolysates. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pantanal yacare (Caiman yacare) tail fillets subjected to traditional hot smoking and liquid smoke
Authors: de Souza Maria Luiza Rodrigues , Fernandes Vitória Regina Makuxi , Gasparino Eliane , Coutinho Marcos Eduardo , Vianna Verônica Oliveira , Matiucci Marcos Antônio , Coradini Melina Franco , Oliveira Gislaine Gonçalves , Goes Marcio Douglas , dos Reis Goes Elenice Souza , Parisi Giuliana , Feihrmann Andresa Carla
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of hot smoking and liquid smoke on process yield, physicochemical properties, microbiological parameters, fatty acid profile, benzo(a)pyrene levels, and sensory profile of Pantanal yacare tail fillets. The fillets were subjected to two types of smoking processes: hot smoking and liquid smoke flavoring.

RESULTS

The process yield of liquid‐smoked fillets was higher (69.8%) compared to hot‐smoked fillets (58.0%). All fillets were with good microbiological quality and low benzo(a)pyrene levels and were well accepted by consumers. The hot‐smoked fillets and the liquid‐smoked fillets presented 456.2 and 589.7 g kg−1moisture, 262.3 and 263.7 g kg−1crude protein, 218 and 85 g kg−1total lipids, and 26.0 and 20.9 g kg−1ash, respectively. The major fatty acids identified in the smoked tail fillets were palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids.

CONCLUSION

The liquid‐smoked fillets had lower lipid content, and higher process yield because of lower losses; thus, they proved to be more advantageous and practical to obtain than the hot‐smoked fillets. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Flaxseed oil ameliorates aging in d‐galactose induced rats via altering gut microbiota and mitigating oxidative damage
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Yu Juntong , Wang Yong , Luo Jianming , Zhang Guangwen , Peng Xichun
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Aging causes decreased antioxidant capacity and chronic inflammation and may even elevate cancer risks. Previous studies reported that flaxseed oil (FO) can alleviate age‐related diseases, including improving alcoholic liver disease, atherosclerosis and diabetes. However, whether the intestinal microbiota accountable for this alleviation is still unknown. This study aims to study the antioxidant effects of FO in an aging rat model and the underlying mechanism between the intestinal microbiota and aging.

RESULTS

Our results presented that serum and liver antioxidant capacities in FO group were up‐regulated, and liver inflammation in FO group was reduced. The 16S rDNA sequencing showed that FO regulated the microbial community, including up‐regulation of four families of Lactobacillus and six families of Clostridium. In addition, FO had also adjusted the relative abundance of several genera such as Ruminococcaceae_UCG‐005 and Prevotella_9, which may be the key bacteria associated with the aging process. Colonic transcriptome analysis showed that there were 1679 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Model group and the FO group (134 up‐regulated and 1545 down‐regulated). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed FO down‐regulates the expression of the upstream genes Ptprc, Lck, Zap70, Lat and Lcp2 in the T cell receptor signaling pathway.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, FO improved antioxidant capacity and reduced intestinal microbial disturbances caused by aging damage, indicating that dietary FO has the potential to fight aging damage. This study provides a more comprehensive view of dietary intervention to improve aging. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Rainwater harvesting and Leucaena leucocephala biomass rates effects on soil moisture, water use efficiency and Sorghum bicolor [(L.) Moench] productivity in a semi‐arid area in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kugedera Andrew T , Mandumbu Ronald , Nyamadzawo George
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Sorghum is one of the major staple crops in Sub Saharan Africa but its production is mainly limited by moisture stress, frequent droughts and soil infertility, especially in the smallholder farming systems. This raises the need to develop climate smart options to improve sorghum production. The objective was to assess the effects of rainwater harvesting and use of different Leucaena leucocephala biomass rates on soil moisture content, rainwater use efficiency, and stover and grain yields in two sorghum varieties (Macia and SV1). The experiment was laid as a randomized complete block design in split‐split plot arrangement from 2017/2018 to 2019/2020 season.

RESULTS

The results show that tied contour (TC) and infiltration pits (IPs) significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil moisture content than standard contour (SC). Soil moisture content increased gradually with the increase in soil depth (20–40 cm > 0–20 cm), with 2018/2019 season having the maximum soil moisture content. Soil moisture content also increased with the increase in application rates of Leucaena biomass. Grain and stover yields were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by all Leucaena biomass application rates with higher yield observed in 2018/2019 season. SC had significantly lower grain and stover yields at all Leucaena biomass application rates. TC and IPs had comparable rainwater use efficiency compared to SC. Rainwater use efficiency increased with application rates of Leucaena biomass across all seasons and varieties.

CONCLUSION

TC and IPs are better adaptive mechanisms against drought spells in semi‐arid areas and can be combined with 10 t ha−1 of Leucaena biomass due to better yield increments realized. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Extraction optimization and characterization of pectin from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) capsule as a new neglected by‐product
Authors: Pourramezan Hamidreza , Khodaiyan Faramarz , Hosseini Seyed Saeid
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

With production of over 6 million tonnes a year of sesame, its capsules are considered to be an unutilized waste. In this study, extraction of pectin from this novel source was optimized using a green method, and the functional and physiochemical characteristics of the resultant pectin were compared to commercial pectin.

RESULTS

In this study, the sesame capsule pectin (SCP) extraction conditions were optimized to reach maximum yield, and the results showed that the maximum pectin extraction yield (138 g kg−1) was obtained under optimal conditions (microwave power 700 W, irradiation time 5 min, pH 1.5, and liquid‐to‐solid ratio 41.8 (mL g−1). The results showed that the pectin was low methoxyl type with a galacturonic acid content of 670 g kg−1. The extracted pectin had a high molecular weight (341 kDa) and surface charge (34.09 ± 1.88 mV) and exhibited 66% DPPH radical scavenging. The obtained results from 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectra validated the presence of pectin structure in the extracted sample.

CONCLUSION

Sesame capsule pectin, when compared to commercial pectin, demonstrated better functional properties in terms of emulsifying properties, oil holding capacity, foaming capacity and antioxidant activity. SCP showed similar properties in comparison to its commercial counterpart, which suggests that it could well be considered as a new and suitable source for pectin extraction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lysinibacillus macroides‐mediated control of cellulose‐producing morphotype of Salmonella
Authors: Karmakar Kapudeep , Bhattacharya Rohan , Sharma Abhishek , Parmar Kirti , Nath Utpal , Nataraja Karaba N , N Earanna , Sharma Gaurav , Chakravortty Dipshikha
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Soil‐dwelling human pathogens like Salmonella are transmitted by fresh produce such as tomato, spinach, onion and cabbage. With >2600 serovars, it is difficult to classify the good plant colonizers from the non‐colonizers. Generally, soil microbiota are classified as autochthonous or zymogenous organisms, based on their ability to survive in soil. However, such information for soil‐dwelling human pathogens is not available Thus there is a need to classify these organisms for designing a strategy to prevent their outbreak. Moreover, soil harbours a plethora of microbes, which can be screened for competitive organisms to control such human pathogens.

RESULTS

In this study, we examined whether the morphotype based on the attachment factors (e.g., cellulose and curli fimbri) of Salmonella was important for its colonization of roots. Secondly, we tracked the location of the bacteria in the plant cell. Interestingly, most of the epidermal cells occupied by Salmonella showed propidium iodide‐positive nuclei. As an extension of the study, a screening of competitive rhizospheric bacteria was performed. One isolate, identified as Lysinibacillus macroides, was able to inhibit the biofilm of Salmonella and subsequently reduced its colonization on roots.

CONCLUSION

Based on this study, we classified the Rdar (red, dry and rough) morphotypes as good plant colonists. The ability to colonize and subsequent kill the live plant cell throws light on the zymogenous life cycle of soil‐dwelling Salmonella. Additionally, Lysinibacillus macroides served as a biocontrol agent by reducing the burden of Salmonella in various vegetables. Such organisms can further be explored to prevent contamination of the food chain. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimization of reaction conditions for the design of cereal‐based dietary fibers with high antioxidant capacity
Authors: Doğan Cömert Ezgi , Gökmen Vural
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Bound antioxidants are distinguished by their strong potential to defend the body against oxidative stress. Cereal bran fractions contain antioxidant compounds bound to dietary fiber, but this only occurs to a limited extent. Increasing the quantity of bound antioxidant compounds using soluble phenolic compounds is thought to be a possible method for designing cereal‐based dietary fibers with high antioxidant potential. Certain cereal bran samples (wheat, oat, rye, and rice) were reacted with different concentrations of beverages (green tea infusion, black tea infusion, espresso, and red wine), rich in various soluble phenolic compounds. The interactive effects of parameters (time, temperature, and pH) and the optimum conditions for the reaction were determined using response surface methodology.

RESULTS

Green tea infusion (30 g·L−1) was found to be the most effective beverage. The pH rather than the time and temperature had significant (O p < 0.0001) effects on the reaction. Neutral or slightly alkaline conditions (pH 7.0–7.9) and mild temperatures (at about 50 °C) were found to be optimum to increase the antioxidant capacity of cereal bran samples. The total antioxidant capacity of oat bran treated with green tea infusion under optimum conditions (53.3 °C, pH 7.4, 60.0 min) reached 226.42 ± 0.88 mmol Trolox equivalent·kg−1. The free amino groups in cereal bran were also found to decrease (32–95%) after treatment.

CONCLUSION

It is possible to design functional cereal‐based dietary fibers, rich in bound antioxidant compounds through treatment with green tea infusion under optimum conditions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Laparoscopic versus robotic adrenalectomy in pheochromocytoma patients
Authors: Isiktas Gizem , Nazli Avci Seyma , Ergun Onuralp , Krishnamurthy Vikram , Jin Judy , Siperstein Allan , Berber Eren
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives

Pheochromocytoma is a challenging tumor type requiring resection with a clear margin and an intact capsule to prevent recurrences. Our aim was to compare perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) versus robotic adrenalectomy (RA) for pheochromocytoma.

Methods

In an institutional review board‐approved retrospective study, clinical parameters of patients who underwent LA versus RA at a single center were compared using Mann–Whitney U, χ2, and survival analyses. Continuous data are expressed as median (interquartile range).

Results

There was a total of 157 patients (RA: n = 87, LA: n = 70) analyzed. Estimated blood loss (36.3 [35.0] vs. 99.9 [65.0] cc, p = 0.020) and hospital stay (1.3 [0.0] vs. 2.2 [1.0] days, p = 0.010) were lower in robotic versus laparoscopic group, respectively. Disease‐free and overall survival was similar between groups. The rate of conversion to open for tumors ≥5 cm was less in the robotic group (0% vs. 14%, respectively, p = 0.048).

Conclusion

In this study, long‐term outcomes of LA and RA were similar, although adrenalectomies performed robotically were associated with less blood loss, shorter hospital stay, and a lower chance of conversion to open in the case of large tumors.
Macroscopic Extranodal Extension In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma‐A Subgroup With Poor Survival
Authors: Joshi Kiran , Agarwal Mudit , Pasricha Sunil , Singh Abhishek , Garg Sunil , Rai Shreya , Tandon Sarthak
Published: May 2022

Background

Oral cancer portends a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cervical lymph node metastasis with extranodal extension (ENE) is associated with a poor prognosis. There has been accumulating evidence regarding the extent of ENE to be associated with prognosis and survival.

Aim

This observational study was performed to analyze the prognostic implication of macroscopic and microscopic ENE in metastatic cervical lymph nodes of oral cavity cancer patients.

Methods

A total of 92 oral cavity cancer patients with pathologically detected ENE were included in this study. Both the groups (macroscopic and microscopic ENE) were compared in terms of overall survival and disease‐free survival by using Kaplan –Meier. The pattern of failure was determined by Fischer's exact test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were calculated to determine the significant risk factors of death.

Results

The 2 years of disease‐free survival and overall survival rates for the whole cohort were 51.2% and 53.9% respectively. The 2‐year survival rate for the microscopic group (≤2 mm) and macroscopic (>2 mm) was 72.6% and 0% respectively, while the distal failure rate in microscopic ENE group and macroscopic ENE group was 22.22% and 44.83% respectively (p‐value = 0.026).

Conclusions

Macroscopic ENE (>2 mm) in oral cavity squamous cell cancer represents an aggressive entity with early regional and distant failure as compared to microscopic ENE (≤2 mm). Thus, macroscopic ENE (>2 mm) warrants a distinct subgroup with special consideration for intensification of treatment.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:588–593, 2023
Effect of Sleep Surgery on Inflammatory Cytokines in Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lee Chia‐Hsuan , Hsu Wei‐Chung , Yeh Te‐Huei , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Lin Ming‐Tzer , Kang Kun‐Tai
Published: May 2022

Objective

To evaluate whether sleep surgery is associated with inflammatory cytokine changes. This study hypothesizes cytokines may change after surgery in adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Study Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020154425). Two authors independently searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane review databases from their inception to June 2021. The keywords used were sleep apnea, inflammatory markers, cytokines, and surgery. The effects of sleep surgery on the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated using a random‐effects model. Both mean difference (MD) and standardized mean difference (SMD) of the changes in cytokines were calculated.

Results

Nine studies with 235 adults were included (mean age: 43 years; 82% were men). After sleep surgery, AHI significantly reduced by −11.3 events/h (95% confidence interval [CI], −15.8 to −6.9). In total, 8 and 6 studies were pooled for examining tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels, respectively. Sleep surgery significantly reduced TNF‐α levels, with an MD of −2.8 pg/ml (95% CI, −5.1 to −0.6) and an SMD of −0.56 (95% CI, −0.85 to −0.27). Furthermore, sleep surgery reduced IL‐6 levels, with an MD of −0.6 pg/ml (95% CI, −1.0 to −0.2) and an SMD of −0.66 (95% CI, −0.89 to −0.43). No covariates were identified to be correlated with cytokine changes in subgroup and meta‐regression analyses. Funnel plots showed possible publication bias in current data.

Conclusions

In adults, OSA treatment with sleep surgery improves inflammatory cytokines. Laryngoscope, 132:2275–2284, 2022
Contribution of Verbal Learning & Memory and Spectro‐Temporal Discrimination to Speech Recognition in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Harris Michael S. , Hamel Benjamin L. , Wichert Kristin , Kozlowski Kristin , Mleziva Sarah , Ray Christin , Pisoni David B. , Kronenberger William G. , Moberly Aaron C.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Existing cochlear implant (CI) outcomes research demonstrates a high degree of variability in device effectiveness among experienced CI users. Increasing evidence suggests that verbal learning and memory (VL&M) may have an influence on speech recognition with CIs. This study examined the relations in CI users between visual measures of VL&M and speech recognition in a series of models that also incorporated spectro‐temporal discrimination. Predictions were that (1) speech recognition would be associated with VL&M abilities and (2) VL&M would contribute to speech recognition outcomes above and beyond spectro‐temporal discrimination in multivariable models of speech recognition.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 30 adult postlingually deaf experienced CI users who completed a nonauditory visual version of the California Verbal Learning Test‐Second Edition (v‐CVLT‐II) to assess VL&M, and the Spectral‐Temporally Modulated Ripple Test (SMRT), an auditory measure of spectro‐temporal processing. Participants also completed a battery of word and sentence recognition tasks.

Results

CI users showed significant correlations between some v‐CVLT‐II measures (short‐delay free‐ and cued‐recall, retroactive interference, and “subjective” organizational recall strategies) and speech recognition measures. Performance on the SMRT was correlated with all speech recognition measures. Hierarchical multivariable linear regression analyses showed that SMRT performance accounted for a significant degree of speech recognition outcome variance. Moreover, for all speech recognition measures, VL&M scores contributed independently in addition to SMRT.

Conclusion

Measures of spectro‐temporal discrimination and VL&M were associated with speech recognition in CI users. After accounting for spectro‐temporal discrimination, VL&M contributed independently to performance on measures of speech recognition for words and sentences produced by single and multiple talkers.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:661–669, 2023
Factors Shifting Preference Toward Telemedicine in the Delivery of Skin Cancer Reconstruction Care
Authors: Du Eric Y. , Moody Rylee A. , Simpson Matthew C. , Nellore Aditya , Sinnwell Joseph G. , Heiland Luke D. , Grace Shane A. , Chen Collin L.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Identify which delivery modality for skin reconstruction care, face‐to‐face (FTF) in‐person versus two telemedicine modalities, store‐and‐forward (S&F) and live video chat (LVC), is patient preferred and how cost, access, wait time, and demographics influence this preference.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

A 16‐question survey querying demographics and five scenario‐specific preferences questions for the delivery of skin cancer reconstruction care was created and distributed via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a crowdsourcing online marketplace, and in‐person to Mohs micrographic surgery patients.

Results

1394 MTurk and 55 in‐person responses were included. While 82.1% of online respondents prefer FTF clinic visits, this decreases to 58.3% with an in‐person visit cost (p < 0.01) and furthermore to a minority 43.5% with both an in‐person visit cost and wait time (p < 0.01) despite 77.8% believing that usefulness to the surgeon would improve FTF. Both the MTurk and in‐person cohorts demonstrated similar response patterns despite considerable demographic differences. Multivariable analyses revealed that telemedicine was preferred by MTurk respondents with Medicaid (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.97 [1.18–3.31]) or Medicare (1.69 [1.10–2.59]) versus private insurance, and prior skin cancer (2.01 [1.18–3.42]) and less preferred by those earning $140,000+ per year (0.49 [0.29–0.82]) compared to those earning <$20,000 per year.

Conclusions

FTF visits are preferred for skin cancer reconstruction care; this shifts toward virtual care with a cost and wait time in spite of the perceived quality of care. Individuals with socioeconomic barriers to access prefer telemedicine. MTurk can be a valuable tool for behavioral research in FPRS.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:294–301, 2023
The role of pulses in improving human health: A review
Authors: Didinger Chelsea , Thompson Henry J.
Published: May 2022

Public health concerns are discussed so frequently that it is beginning to cause desensitization. And yet, rates of chronic disease remain alarmingly high worldwide—or are even increasing. Primary prevention is essential to reverse these trends. Indeed, the sustainable implementation of good health practices can promote human physical and psychological well‐being while simultaneously being more cost‐effective than the treatment of chronic disease. A healthy dietary pattern is a cornerstone of primary prevention. Pulses, or the dry seeds of non‐oilseed legumes (e.g., chickpeas, cowpeas, dry beans, dry peas, and lentils)—also called grain legumes—are widely recognized as a nutrient‐dense food and one of the richest sources of dietary fiber and plant protein. Combined with their affordable price point and contributions to sustainable food systems, they can be considered a prime example of a superfood. Historically, they also have a rich culinary history around the world, making them culturally relevant to many cuisines and cultures. The scientific literature supports the role of pulses in many health benefits, yet the quality of the evidence is often low. In this review, we explore the findings—and limitations—of research to date and conclude with suggestions for moving the field forward to investigate and establish robust support for a recommended serving size that is most beneficial for human health.
Waterborne polyurethane‐acrylate‐polyaniline: Interfacial hydrogen bonding for enhancing the antistatic, damping, and mechanical properties
Authors: Liang Xiaobo , Deng Yunjiao , Li Songsong , Wu Jingtao , Zhang Huixuan , Zhang Zijian
Published: May 2022

Damping coatings can convert kinetic energy into other forms of energy for consumption and have been widely used for vibration and noise reduction in rail trains, aerospace, automobile industry, and other fields. However, many aspects of damping coating such as, damping, water resistance, heat resistance, mechanical properties and antistatic properties require further improvement. In this study, a low‐cost conductive polyaniline (PANI) with a simple preparation method was dispersed in N‐methyl pyrrolidone and added to waterborne polyurethane‐acrylate (WPUA) hybrid latexes. The interfacial hydrogen bonding increases the interaction force between molecular chains, effectively improve the water resistance, heat resistance, damping, and mechanical properties of WPUA, and endowed WPUA with antistatic properties. Among them, PANI was used as an antistatic medium to be synthesized by chemical oxidation and doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, and the matrix polymer WPUA was the used of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to combine polyacrylate with waterborne polyurethane (WPU) by chemical bonds. The waterborne polyurethane‐acrylate‐polyaniline (WPUA‐PANI) films were investigated using dynamic light scattering , contact angle measurements , dynamic mechanical analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), digital highresistance meter and other characterization methods. It was concluded that the base latex has good stability, and when the PANI dispersion content was 35%, the comprehensive performance of the WPUA‐PANI films were the best, in which the maximum water contact angle was 106.8°, the tensile strength was increased from 0.7 MPa to 2.3 MPa, the effective damping temperature range (Tanδ ≥ 0.3) was increased from 50 °C to 87 °C, and the resistivity was reduced from 6.41E + 7 Ω·cm to 1.38E + 4 Ω·cm, which had better antistatic properties. This study will promote the development and application of damping coatings.
Evaluation of robotic fiber placement effect onprocess‐inducedresidual stresses using incrementalhole‐drillingmethod
Authors: Ammar Mohamed M. A. , Shirinzadeh Bijan
Published: May 2022

The robotic fiber placement (RFP) process depends on continuous fusion bonding and solidifying of prepreg tows onto a substrate by subjecting them to a compression force and heat flux. However the advantages provided when using the RFP to fabricate the composite structures, it has adverse effects due to the induced residual stresses (RSs). The current work presents the effect of the RFP on the induced RSs in thermoset composites. RFP is utilized to fabricate specimens from carbon fiber reinforced polymers. Effects of placement speed, compression force, heating temperature, heating gas flowrate, and the location of the heat flux outlet nozzle are all included in the present study. A total of 69 flat panels are manufactured under different process conditions. Subsequently, the in‐depth RSs are measured using the incremental hole‐drilling method. Besides, the microstructures of the samples are also analyzed. The results show that the change in process parameters could significantly affect the induced RSs of the thermoset composites. Subjecting the samples to higher thermal and pressure loads would induce more RSs, which are attributed to the occurrence of partial curing during the manufacturing process along with the change in laminate geometry and porosity.
Genetics of congenital hypothyroidism: Modern concepts
Authors: Stoupa Athanasia , Kariyawasam Dulanjalee , Polak Michel , Carré Aurore
Published: May 2022

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder and one of the most common preventable causes of intellectual disability in the world. CH may be due to developmental or functional thyroid defects (primary or peripheral CH) or be hypothalamic‐pituitary in origin (central CH). In most cases, primary CH is caused by a developmental malformation of the gland (thyroid dysgenesis, TD) or by a defect in thyroid hormones synthesis (dyshormonogenesis, DH). TD represents about 65% of CH and a genetic cause is currently identified in fewer than 5% of patients. The remaining 35% are cases of DH and are explained with certainty at the molecular level in more than 50% of cases. The etiology of CH is mostly unknown and may include contributions from individual and environmental factors. In recent years, the detailed phenotypic description of patients, high‐throughput sequencing technologies, and the use of animal models have made it possible to discover new genes involved in the development or function of the thyroid gland. This paper reviews all the genetic causes of CH. The modes by which CH is transmitted will also be discussed, including a new oligogenic model. CH is no longer simply a dominant disease for cases of CH due to TD and recessive for cases of CH due to DH, but a far more complex disorder.
Investigation of dominant degradation mode in field‐aged photovoltaic modules using novel differential current‐voltage analysis approach
Authors: Meena Roopmati , Kumar Manish , Gupta Rajesh
Published: May 2022

Photovoltaic (PV) modules are susceptible to various types of defects and degradations (D&Ds) under field‐operating conditions, which affect their performance and reliability. These D&Ds have non‐uniform distribution in the PV modules, which makes it difficult to distinguish amongst multiple D&Ds using a single characterization technique. In the present work, a simple non‐destructive characterization approach called differential current‐voltage (DIV) analysis using current‐voltage (I‐V) measurements have been developed for investigation of the dominant degradation mode in the cells of modules, wherein consecutive cells have been partially shaded while measuring the I‐V curve of the modules. For this purpose, a batch of crystalline silicon PV modules operating under hot and humid climatic conditions for 20 years has been investigated. A correlation has been established between the trend of percentage change in modules' electrical parameters during DIV measurements and the dominant degradation mode present in the cell under investigation. The trend of change in short circuit current and voltage at maximum power point has been identified as key electrical parameters to identify the dominant degradation mode in the cell. To analyse the trends of DIV analysis, the effect of prominent degradation modes on the module parameters has been investigated using electrical simulations. The investigated PV modules have been cross‐characterized through microscopic inspection and electroluminescence imaging to identify various D&Ds present in the investigated modules. The results of cross‐characterization substantiate the findings of DIV analysis. The presented DIV approach can be used for the analysis of non‐uniform degradation in the PV plants under field‐operating conditions.
Identifying and predicting teachers' use of practices that support SRL
Authors: Callan Gregory , Longhurst David , Shim Serena , Ariotti Anthony
Published: May 2022

This study examined how teachers support self‐regulated learning (SRL) by examining reports of 15 potential practices and differentiated the use of these practices via teachers' SRL knowledge, beliefs, demographics, and student characteristics. Teachers (n = 112) responded to open‐ended questions targeting SRL knowledge, beliefs, and practices and a demographics survey about themselves and their students. Teachers reported few practices to support SRL, but teachers who used more practices tended to have greater SRL knowledge, teaching experience, and time limits. Reporting excessive responsibility for students negatively correlated with SRL practices. SRL knowledge and limited time were significant predictors in regression analyses. Teachers reported few SRL practices (even when examining 15 potential practices). However, our findings highlight SRL knowledge as a potential first step for teacher trainers and professional developers to target in attempts to increase SRL supports in the classroom.