bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Iraqi Spinach Leaves (Phytochemical and Protective Effects Against methotrexate-Induced hepatotoxicity in rats)
Authors: K. Abdul-Wahab Farah , Z. Abdul Jalil Thukaa
Published: September 2022

Spinach, Spinacia oleracea L is a popular vegetable belonging to the family Chenopodiaceae. This study was concerned with extraction of compounds in Iraqi spinach leaves, preliminary phytochemical evaluation, identification of two biological important flavonols, quercetin and kaempferol in spinach leaves and evaluation of the protective effect of aqueous spinach extract on methotrexate (MTX) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The percentage yield of extraction procedure, identification of spinach by chemical tests and identification of flavonols by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were fully described in this study. The results indicate that the percentage of quarcetin in spinach leaves is more than the percentage of kaempferol in the same plant. The rats were divided into three groups as control, MTX group following a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p) saline was administered for 5 days and the MTX+aqueous spinach extract group were rats received 200mg/kg orally of aqueous spinach extract 7days before and 5 days after MTX treatment. MTX administration increased the MDA and decreased GSH, ALP while these changes were reversed in aqueous spinach extract treated group. Histological changes observed in MTX treated group was improved by aqueous spinach extract treatment. The protective effect of aqueous spinach extract against MTX- induced hepatotoxicity could be attributed to the combined effects of its constituents.

Key words: Spinach, Kaempherol  , Quercetin , Methotrexate, Oxidative stress.
The Protective Effect of Honey Against Amikacin- induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: R. Abd Ali Abeer , H. Ismail Sajida
Published: September 2022

Drug â€“induced nephrotoxicity is an important cause of renal failure. Aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as amikacin, which causes ototoxicity and nephrtotoxicity as a main side effects, this is focused on the use of natural materials as antioxidants against the toxic oxidative action that exert a cell damaging effect. The most important one of these materials is the honey. The aim of this work is to evaluate the antioxidant effects of honey against amikacin â€“ induced nephrotoxicity.18 albino rats divided into 3 groups (6 rats per each group), group 1 received I.P daily dose of normal saline (control), group 2 received (35  mg/kg/day) I.P dose of amikacin ,and group 3 received (35mg/kg/day) of amikacin I.P dose in combination with oral dose of honey(500mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. All animals (at 15th day) were anesthetized by ether and sacrificed; blood samples were collected for the subsequent measurement of the serum creatinine, urea, malneldehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) while an isolated kidney was kept in 10 % of formaldehyde for the histopathological examination. This study showed that amikacin causes nephrotoxicity represented by elevation of serum level of creatinine and urea, MDA and a decrease in the serum glutathione level. While the administration of honey in combination with amikacin reduced the nephro-toxic effect of amikacin that represented by a reduction of the serum creatinine and urea, MDA and elevation of glutathione levels with improvement of the kidney histological findings in comparison with group 2.This study concluded that, honey decreased nephrotoxicity induced by amikacin through interference with the oxidative stress process, i.e. honey acts as free radical scavenger.

Key words:amikacin, honey, nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress.
Preparation and Evaluation of Chloramphenicol as Thermosensitive Ocular in- situ Gel
Authors: K. Ali Allah Ali , N. Abd-Al Hammid Shaimaa
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop poloxamer-based in-situ gel of chloramphenicol aiming to increase bioavailability and prolong corneal contact time, controlling drug release, and enhancing ocular bioavailability. The in-situ gel was prepared using different concentrations of poloxamer 407 combined with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) or carbapol 940 to achieve gelation temperature about physiological temperature and improve rheological behavior and gelling properties of poloxamer gel. The prepared formulations were evaluated for their appearance, pH, and sol-gel transition temperature. The formulations F2, F3, and F5 have a gelation temperature within the accepted range 35-370C and were evaluated for their isotonicity, rheological studies, ocular irritation test, sterility and release studies. The selected formulations (F2,F3, and F5) isotonic, pseudoplastic, non irritant, pass sterility test, and the in vitro release demonstrated a diffusion-erosion controlled release of chloramphenicol over a period of 4 hr., 6 hr., and 6 hr. respectively.

Key words: Chloramphenicol, in-situ gel, ocular dosage form, poloxamer.
Efficacy, safety and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Lowering Ability of ACE Inhibitors, B-Blockers and Combination Antihypertensive Drug Regimes in Iraq
Authors: M. Sulaiman Dlveen , J.Al-Shamma Kassim , N.Al-Hassani Ansam
Published: September 2022

Hypertension is a major health problem throughout the world because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is defined as systolic blood pressure â‰¥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure â‰¥ 90 mmHg. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and cardiovascular disease risk lowering ability, of three antihypertensive drug regimens.

A retrospective study was carried out on 66 hypertensive patients, divided in to three groups based on their antihypertensive drug regimens (ACE inhibitors, Î²-blockers treated and combination antihypertensive therapy, the combination therapy consist of two or more of the following antihypertensive drugs ACE inhibitor diuretic, CCBs Î²-blockers), the study also included 22 healthy individuals. Duration of treatment was 2-10 years. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured and blood sample was collected, and the serum processed for the measurement of lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, liver function test, kidney function test, electrolytes, and C-reactive protein. Cardiovascular disease risk lowering ability have been assessed by cardiovascular risk assessor computer program.

The results shows that systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the three antihypertensive drug regimens treated group, were significantly higher than systolic and diastolic blood pressure in control healthy individuals indicating that these antihypertensive drug regimens were unable to reach hypertension treatment target, although ACE inhibitors and combination antihypertensive drugs reach minimal hypertension treatment target.

ACE inhibitors regimen did not show any significant adverse effects on lipid profiles and blood glucose, while Î²-blockers regimen adversely affected it. Most predominant adverse effects that appear, in ACE inhibitors treated group were dry cough and taste disturbances, in Î²-blockers treated group were bradycardia and sleep disturbances while in combination therapy treated group were according to the combination used. In combination containing thiazide diuretics, disturbed lipid profiles and hyperurecemia were predominant and in combination containing calcium channel blockers constipation and peripheral edema were predominant.

Coronary heart disease and stroke risk percentage in all three antihypertensive drug regimens were significantly higher compared to control healthy individuals group, and all three antihypertensive drugs regimens have the same cardiovascular risk lowering ability.

In conclusion the results indicated that all three antihypertensive drug regimens used were not efficient enough to reach hypertension treatment target, the combination therapy and ACE inhibitors regimens were only capable to reach minimal hypertension treatment target which is â‰¤150/90 mm Hg.

Key words: ACE inhibitors, B blockers, Hypertension.
Study the Effect of Folic Acid as A supplement on Selected Oxidative Stress and Biochemical Parameters in First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: A. Mehde Atheer , F. Ali Karima , A. Mehdi Wesen
Published: September 2022

Folic acid modulates several disorders in humans, pregnancy mostly because of the mitochondria-rich placenta, is a condition that favors oxidative stress.Transitional metals, especially iron, which are particularly abundant in the placenta, are important in the production of free radicals. Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme essential for the differentiation of lymphoid cells, has been used for monitoring diseases with altered immunity. In the present study we investigated the effect of regular and irregular administered folic acid in the first and second trimester of pregnancy to be compared with non-pregnant women ,and also the effect of regular and irregular using of folic acid  supplement on  oxidative stress parameters and  several biochemical features in first trimester pregnant women. Methods :The Hemoglobin  ,Random plasma glucose, transferrin, iron, adenosine deaminase  in addition to antioxidants(Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Glutathione reductase (GSH-R) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD)), had been measured in studied groups[non pregnant women],group B-I[first trimester], group B-II[second trimester who used folic acid supplementation regularly 5 mg daily] and group B-III  [second trimester who used folic acid supplementation irregularly].Results: The level of transferrin, adenosine deaminase (ADA), malondialdehyde (MDA) and  uric acid showed significant increase  by comparing group B-II and group B-III] ,also when compared to [non pregnant women],group B-I.Iron, Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Glutathione reductase (GSH-R) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed significant decrease  in group B-II and group B-III  when compared to [non pregnant women and group B-I. In conclusion irregular supplementation of folic acid  increased indicators of lipid peroxidation in first trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, this regimen of supplemental folic acid may provide excessive amounts of folic acid and appears to increase the risk of oxidative stress.

Key words: Folic acid, lipid peroxidation, adenosine deaminase ,antioxidants, transferrin, Iron and pregnancy .
Some Hormonal Changes in Women with Primary Hypothyroidism under the Effect of Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy
Authors: S. Jabbar Zainab , J. Al-Shamma Kassim , A. Taher Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Hypothyroidism has been associated with disorders of glucose and insulin metabolism..The present study was designed to evaluate the possible change in some hormones (free testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, insulin), glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in women with primary hypothyroidism under thyroid hormone replacement therapy .This cross-sectional study was carried on 62 hypothyroid patients×³  women and 22  healthy women as control group at the specialized center for endocrinology and diabetes, AL-Rasafa Directorate of  Health Baghdad, with age range(15-60 years), diagnosed as having primary hypothyroidism on thyroxine replacement therapy with duration not less than four months. Each of the selected patients women and the healthy control were distributed into two groups, normal cyclic and postmenopausal. Blood samples were collected to measure thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), total thyroxine (TT4) , total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine(fT4), free testosterone (FT), estradiol(E2) ,prolactin(PRL), insulin , fasting blood glucose( FBG), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR).  The results showed that the majority of hypothyroid women (older than 40 years and obese) had high levels of TSH in normal cyclic and postmenopausal patients women. A significant increase in f T4 and TT4 in postmenopausal patients women when  compared with postmenopausal control group f T4 and TT4.  A significant increase in free testosterone and FBG and significant decrease in TT3 and E2 levels in normal cyclic patients women when compared with normal cycle control group. High prolactin levels were found in the normal cyclic patients women in comparism with control group. Higher levels of insulin were found in normal cyclic and postmenopausal patients women as compared with control groups, however insulin was not statistically different. Significant increase in HOMA-IR  of  normal cyclic patients women compared with control group.

In conclusion, elevation of TSH levels in postmenopausal patients women  were less than in normal cyclic patients women this explain the increase levels of thyroxine hormone(T4)in this group of patients as compared with both control group and normal cyclic patients women. Some hormonal changes were found in normal cyclic hypothyroid patients women as compared with control group.The alteration of these hormones disappear when euthyroid state restored, so adjustment of thyroxine therapy is required in these patients.

Key words: Hypothyroidism , Thyrid replacement therapy.
Physicochemical Factors Affected the Partial Purified Lipase Activity of Acinetobacter baumannii "local isolates"
Authors: J. Mohammed Huda
Published: September 2022

Microbial lipases today occupy a place of prominence among biocatalysts owing to their ability to catalyze awide variety of reactions in aqueous and non- aqueous media, A.baumannii were isolated from different clinical specimens from hospitalized patients from Baghdad hospitals and were detected by biochemical tests and API20E system. The percentage of isolation was (16.6%), A. baumannii is an increasingly multidrug â€“ resistant (MDR), it showed high level of resistant to Ceftriaxon, Colistin, Piperacillin, Co-trimoxazol, Tertracycline, Carbenicillin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin G, Gentamicin and Ceftazidim , wherease the isolates were highly sensitive to Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Meropenem, Amikacin, and Cefotaxime.

The isolated strians of A.baumannii were screened for the production of lipase by using Rhodamine B agar media. one of the isolated strians exhibited a greater clear zone than the others, indicated higher lipase activity.

 The lipase in present study was partially purified by ammonium sulphate at the concenterations of 30% and 80%, the 30% ammonium sulphate showed higher activiy of the enzyme than 80% in which the enzyme activity was slightly decreased indicating that the better purification was at the 30% concenteration of ammonium sulphate.Various physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature and metal ions were studied in order to determine the optimum conditions for lipase production.

The production of lipase by A. baumannii was optimum at 35Â°C, pH 7.0 and was enhanced by the Ca++ and Na+ wherease inhibited by Zn++ ions.

Key words : Acinetobacter baumannii, Lipase enzyme, Partial purification.
Synthesis of new Conjugates of some NSAIDs with Sulfonamide as Possible Mutual Prodrugs using Tyrosine Spacer for Colon Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: L. Abdulhadi Shayma , J. Qasir Ahlam , A. Abdul Razzak Nadeem
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research work is to synthesize conjugates of some NSAIDs with sulfamethoxazole as possible mutual prodrugs to overcome the local gastric irritation of NSAID with free carboxyl group by formation of ester linkage that supposed to remain intact in stomach and may hydrolyze in intestine chemically or enzymatically; in addition to that attempting to target the synthesized derivative to the colon by formation of azo group that undergo reduction only by colonic bacterial azo reductaze enzyme to liberate the parent compound to act locally (treatment of  inflammation and infections in colon).

Key words: Mutual prodrug, Ester linkage, Azo bond, Colon targeting
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New 6 and7 Substituted Derivatives of Coumarin
Authors: A. Muften Rouaa , Y.Saour Kawkab , A.Razzak Mahmood Ammar
Published: September 2022

A series of benzohydrazide derivatives attached to coumarin moiety at position 6 and 7 have been synthesized. The reaction of coumarin derivatives (coumarin I and II) with p-nitrophenyl hydrazine yield Schiff bases (compound1a and IIa).These Schiff bases were refluxed with benzoyl chloride to give benzohydrazide derivatives of coumarin substituted at its 6 or 7 nucleus position (Ia1 and IIa1).The reaction and the purity of the products were checked by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The structures of the final compounds  and  their intermediates were confirmed by their melting points, infra red spectroscopy, and elemental microanalysis(CHN).

Compounds (Ia1 and IIa1) were evaluated for  their preliminary antibacterial and antifungal activities. Compound (IIa1) has good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus   other  than bacterial species, and was equivalent to ofloxacin as (standard drug).

Key word: Coumarin, Schiff base, benzohydrazide derivatives, antimicrobial activity.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Clonazepam in Pure and Dosage forms using Charge Transfer Reaction
Authors: Hadi Hind
Published: September 2022

A rapid, sensitive and without extraction spectrophotometric method for determination of clonazepam (CLO) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms has been described. The proposed method was simply depended on charge transfer reaction between reduced CLO (n-donor) and metol (N-methyl-p-aminophenol sulfate) as a chromogenic reagent (Ï€- acceptor). The reduced drug, with zinc and concentrated hydrochloric acid, produced a purple colored soluble charge-transfer complex with metol in the presence of sodium metaperiodate in neutral medium, which has been measured at Î»max 532 nm. All the variables which affected the developed and the stability of the colored product such as concentration of reagent and oxidant, temperature and time of reaction were investigated and optimized. The linearity of the method was observed within a concentration range 5-40 Î¼g ml-1 CLO and with a correlation coefficient not less than 0.998, while the molar absorbitivity and sandell sensitivity were 3.473Ã—103 L.mole-1.cm-1  and 0.0909 Î¼g cm-2  respectively. The present work includes also the usage of the Benesiâ€“Hildebrand equation for the evaluation of the association constant and molar  absorptivity of the colored complex .Finally the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of CLO in tablets.

Keywords: Spectrophotometric ; Clonazepam ; Metol ; Charge-transfer reaction.
Synthesis of some Novel Nitrogenous Heterocyclic Compounds with Expected Biological Activity as Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: S. Farhan Mohammed , Y. Saour Kawkab
Published: September 2022

This study includes synthesis of some nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds linked to amino acid esters or heterocyclic amines that may have a potential  activity as antimicrobial and/or cytotoxic.  Quinolines are an important group of organic compounds that possess useful biological activity as antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor .8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) and numerous of its derivatives exhibit potent activities against fungi and bacteria which make them good candidates for the treatment of many parasitic and microbial infection diseases.

These pharmacological properties of quinolones  aroused our  interest in synthesizing several new compounds featuring heterocyclic rings of the quinoline derivatives linked to amino acid ester or heterocyclic amine with the aim of obtaining a pharmacologically active compounds.O-alkylation has been done on( 8-hydroxyquinoline ) to get (O-alkylated ester) derivatives which are deesterfied to get acetic acid derivatives, then coupled with amino acid that have protected carboxyl group (amino acid esters) or heterocyclic amine by using conventional solution  method for peptide synthesis as a coupling method.

The proposed analogues were successfully synthesized and the processing of the reactions confirmed by TLC ,the synthesized  analogues with the proposed structures as they were characterized and proved by  melting point, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and elemental microanalysis.

The tested analogues showed cytotoxic activity on the HEp-2 cell line (tumor of larynx) with inhibitory concentration percent of (IC %) range (32.43 % - 49.55%) and showed that the tested compounds had variable antimicrobial activities against selected bacteria and yeast when compared with selected standard drugs.

Keywords: Quinolones, 8-hydroxyquinoline , N-heterocycles biological activity.
Formulation and Evaluation of Nystatin Microparticles as a Sustained Release System
Authors: T.Ismail Sara , M. Al-Kotaji Myasar , A. Khayrallah Ahlam
Published: September 2022

Nystatin is the drug of choice for treatment of cutaneous fungal infections with main disadvantage that is the need for multiple applications to achieve complete eradication which may reduce patient compliance. Microparticles offer a solution for such issue as they are one of sustained release preparations that achieve slow release of drug over an extended period of time. The objectives of this study were to fabricate nystatin-loaded chitosan microparticles with the ultimate goal of prolonging drug release and to analyze the influence of polymer concentration on various properties of microparticles. Microparticles were prepared by chemical cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Five formulas, namely N1C1, N1C2, N1C3, N1C4 and N1C5, were prepared and the effect of drug to polymer ratio was studied with respect to drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, particle size and morphology. Furthermore the prepared microparticles were subjected to various physico-chemical studies, such as drug- polymer compatibility by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and in-vitro drug release characteristics. Microparticles obtained from N1C1, N1C2 and N1C3 formulas were regular in shape with mean particle size ranging between 1Âµm and 10Âµm. N1C5 formula was resulted in particles with irregular shape while N1C4 showed a blend of microparticles and deformed particles. The effect of chitosan concentration on drug loading and entrapment efficiency was studied. The results showed increment in these parameters that was directly proportional to the increment in polymer concentration. Percentage yield showed a significant increment which was related to the increment in the ratio of chitosan used during the study. FTIR results showed no interactions between nystatin and chitosan. DSC studies proved the crystalline nature of nystatin and chitosan. On other hand, the thermogram of loaded microparticles showed the absence of endothermic peak corresponding to nystatin which may indicate the loss of the crystalline nature of the drug presented inside the microparticles. In- vitro release studies resulted in 95.6% release of nystatin for N1C1 after 15 hours. N1C1 appeared to be promising in formulating microparticles that provide nearly complete release of the drug within15 hours. This formula can be selected in future work to be formulated as topical gel that prolongs the release of nystatin.

Keywords: Nystatin, Chitosan, Glutaraldehyde, Chemical cross-linking.
Evaluation of Poisoning Cases in the Poisoning Consultation Center and Forensic Medicine Institute within Baghdad area
Authors: H.Maedie Faris , Alhaddad Hasan , A. Hussain Saad
Published: September 2022

Social factors may affect the available sources of toxic substances and causes of poisoning, and these factors may change over time. Additionally, understanding the characteristics of poisoning cases is important for treating such patients. Therefore, the present study investigated the characteristics of poisoning cases in Baghdad Poisoning Consultation Center (PCC) and Forensic Medicine Institute (FMI). Data on all poisoning cases reported in PCC and FMI during 2013 were retrospectively obtained from medical records. Total of 1131 reports of poisoning cases (1082 from PCC and 49 from FMI) were analyzed according to age, sex, geographical distribution and causes of poisoning according to the type and class of poisoning agent. The results showed that most of the poisoning case are from urban area, and the incidence in male is greater than that in females. In both centers, the higher percent of poisoning occurred within the age range 11-20 years. Regarding the type of poisons, zinc sulphide and carbon monoxide represent the cause of poisoning reported in MFI, while metals (mostly copper) and drugs (mostly CNS depressants) represent the major causes of toxicity reported in PCC. In conclusion, among the elements that are common between the two centers are the age distribution of the cases. Rodenticides and metals represent the major causes of poisoning cases reported in Baghdad during 2013. The study results suggest that it is necessary to continuously collect data of patients admitted to emergency departments with toxic poisoning at multiple centers.

Keywords: Poisoning, Consultation center, Forensic medicine.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Hormonal Alteration
Authors: A.Abdul Sattar Sura , H.Abdulla Amer , Sh. Nsaif Aufaira
Published: September 2022

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is known as carbohydrate intolerance first detected during pregnancy. Pregnancy is periods of intense hormonal changes. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible relation between the changes in serum hormones such as Luteinizing hormone (LH) , follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), Progesterone, and Prolactin with gestational diabetes mellitus. Thirty patients with gestational diabetes mellitus aged (22 -40) year attending the national center for treatment and research of diabetes/ AL-Mustansiriya University in Baghdad and 29 controls aged (20-39) year were participated. Hormonal tests including, FSH, LH, Progesterone, and Prolactin were detected by using Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) kits. The demographic characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus indicated  that the most commonly affected age at (20-29) year (50%) ,60% of patients had Body Mass Index(BMI)  at â‰¥ 30kg/m2+, 76.6% of patients at  first trimester of pregnancy, 23.3% had previous abortion,60% at the first pregnancy ,and 46.6%  of patients  had urine protein with one plus. A highly significant increase (pâ‰¤0.001) in Fasting serum glucose(FSG), LH, FSH, progesterone, and prolactin were observed in sera of gestational diabetes mellitus patients in comparison to that of control pregnancy group. A non-significant correlation of FSG with age, BMI, LH, FSH, and progesterone were demonstrated. While a significant positive correlation of FBS with prolactin was found. It is conclude that higher prolactin level in pregnancy possibly played a role in gestational diabetes mellitus partly by impairing the functions of insulin, and result in hyperglycemia.

Keyword: Gestational diabetes, FSH, LH, Progesterone, Prolactin.
Utilidad de la palpación intraoperatoria del ganglio centinela en el cáncer de mama: estudio transversal
Authors: Bonilla Sepúlveda Oscar Alejandro
Published: September 2022

Objetivo. Determinar la utilidad de la palpación intraoperatoria y las características macroscópicas del ganglio centinela en cáncer de mama en predecir su afectación en el examen microscópico. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con análisis secundario del registro personal de un cirujano entre el 1 de mayo de 2018 y el 31 de octubre de 2020, en un centro de referencia en Medellín, Colombia. Se incluyeron mujeres con cáncer de mama sin afectación clínica axilar llevadas a cirugía para biopsia de ganglio centinela. Se recopilaron los datos demográficos, clínicos y paraclínicos que fueron analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva. Resultados. De 355 pacientes sometidas a biopsia de ganglio centinela por cáncer de mama, la tasa de detección de ganglio centinela fue del 98,3 % (n= 347). Se encontró mayor probabilidad de estar afectado en las pacientes a quienes se les realizaba una mastectomía (ORa= 4,61; IC95%: 1,07 a 19,81), cuando la consistencia del ganglio era dura o semidura (ORa= 3,90; IC 95%: 2,00 a 7,62) y cuando la forma del ganglio era lobulada o irregular (ORa= 12,98; IC 95%: 2,10 a 80,19). Por el contrario, era menos probable que estuviera afectado cuando había recibido quimioterapia neoadyuvante (ORa= 0,11; IC 95%: 0,02 a 0,57). Conclusión. La evaluación de las características macroscópicas durante la técnica del ganglio centinela para la estadificación axilar puede predecir su afectación en el examen microscópico.
Cirugía fetoscópica en síndrome de banda amniótica: reporte del primer caso exitoso en el Perú con correlación posnatal a los 6 y 12 meses de vida
Authors: Gil Guevara Enrique , Muñoz Acosta Jairo , Marchena Arias Jeannette , Gonzales Oswaldo , Acuña Leopoldo , Chang Carolina , Miranda Braowell
Published: September 2022

El síndrome de banda amniótica (SBA) o complejo de disrupción de banda amniótica es aquella malformación congénita que ocurre como consecuencia de bridas amnióticas de etiología heterogénea, patogénesis que involucra una serie de manifestaciones clínicas fetales, tales como constricción, amputación y múltiples defectos craneofaciales, viscerales y de la pared del cuerpo. La prevalencia estimada de SBA oscila entre 1:15,000 y 1:1,200 nacidos vivos. Afecta a ambos sexos por igual. El diagnóstico prenatal puede sospecharse tan pronto como el primer trimestre tardío, cuando las imágenes por ultrasonido detectan anillos de constricción, amputaciones de extremidades y/o defectos craneofaciales. La terapia prenatal puede ofrecer una alternativa de tratamiento con la liberación de anillos de constricción bajo fetoscopia en aquellos fetos que se verían beneficiados con el procedimiento.
Síndrome de Miller-Fisher durante el embarazo
Authors: Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo , Torres-Cepeda Duly , Rondón-Tapía Martha
Published: September 2022

El síndrome de Miller-Fisher es un trastorno agudo, autoinmune y desmielinizante poco frecuente, que se considera una variante del síndrome de Guillain-Barré. El mecanismo patológico no está claro, pero las polineuropatías desmielinizantes agudas pueden ser provocadas por infecciones bacterianas / virales, intervenciones quirúrgicas mayores o vacunación. El embarazo puede ser un desencadenante de la respuesta inmunitaria que causa la aparición del síndrome. El síndrome de Miller-Fisher está caracterizado por la aparición aguda, con afección predominante de los nervios faciales y craneales que resulta en oftalmoparesia, ataxia y arreflexia / hiporreflexia. El diagnóstico se basa en la sospecha clínica junto a la determinación de anticuerpos gangliósidos específicos y otras pruebas de laboratorio e imágenes. El tratamiento consiste en el uso de inmunoglobulina endovenosa y plasmaféresis, junto a medidas de apoyo. Existen pocos informes de aparición del síndrome en embarazadas. Se presenta un caso de síndrome de Miller-Fisher durante el embarazo.
Carcinoma primario de células de Merkel vulvar
Authors: Torres-Cepeda Duly , Rondon-Tapia Martha , Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo
Published: September 2022

Las células de Merkel se describieron originalmente en el estrato basal de la epidermis, con propiedades neuroendocrinas. El carcinoma de células de Merkel de la vulva es una neoplasia extremadamente rara y altamente agresiva. Existen pocos casos de estos tumores, la mayoría de los cuales han sido considerados tumores neuroendocrinos. El origen histológico y la etiología de esta enfermedad son controvertidas. Debido a su rareza en esta localización, no está claro si se comporta de manera diferente a los carcinomas de piel similares en otras localizaciones. Se presenta un caso de carcinoma primario de células de Merkel vulvar. El examen de biopsia por escisión reveló una tumoración de 4 x 3 centímetros en el tercio posterior del labio mayor izquierdo de la vulva sin afectación de los ganglios linfáticos. La paciente fue sometida a vulvectomía radical y disección bilateral de ganglios linfáticos inguinales. La evaluación histológica postoperatoria no mostró metástasis regionales ni distantes.
Türkçe Mekan Öneri Chatbot Uygulaması için Makine Öğrenimi Tabanlı Doğal Dil İşleme
Authors: TOPRAK Gorkem , RASHEED Jawad
Published: September 2022

In recent years, mobile applications occupy an important place in our lives. Thanks to machine learning and the chatbots advancements, people can easily access the information they want or the things they need. Our purpose in this study is that users can access detailed information about the main venues of Istanbul from a single application, access their menus and photos, read the blog posts written by gourmets about these restaurants, show nearby venues according to their instant location, and to gather young gourmets chasing different tastes under a single application by developing a Turkish chatbot that can find the most suitable venues according to users' wishes or offer suggestions about venues to visit. In order to evaluate our application, we tested it on both Android and iOS platforms and achieved successful results on two platforms
Karar Ağaçları Kullanılarak Klinik Verilerle Covid-19 Enfeksiyonunun İncelenmesi
Authors: ORHANBULUCU Fırat , LATİFOĞLU Fatma
Published: September 2022

The coronavirus disease, namely Covid-19 infection, which was declared a worldwide epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020, was first seen in Wuhan, China in the last months of 2019 and has affected the whole world. Early diagnosis of this rapidly spreading epidemic is important to prevent the disease. For this reason, methods such as image processing, deep learning, and machine learning have become important to detect the epidemic early. In this study, it has been tried to classify individuals who test positive and negative for Covid-19 based on some laboratory test results with several Decision Tree methods. Since the original form of the data set has an uneven distribution, the data set has been balanced by applying the oversampling and undersampling methods used for such data sets as a pre-processing study. Balanced dataset and original dataset using 5-Fold Cross Validation (CV), 10-Fold Cross Validation and Leave-One-Out (LOO)-CV, Random Forest (RF), Random Tree (RT), J48, ıt was analyzed with alternating decision tree (ADTree) and Function Trees (FT) classifiers. As a result of the examination, the most successful result was shown by the RF classifier with 87.5% success rates using CV-5 in the original data set, 93.3% using CV-10 and LOO-CV in the oversampling method, and 79% using CV-5 in the undersampling method. In addition to success rates, sensitivity-specificity metrics, which are important for patient and healthy diagnosis, were examined in terms of each classification algorithm and CV value.
Effect of heat treatment time on magnetic properties of NdFeB-based permanent magnetic alloys
Authors: KILIÇASLAN Muhammed Fatih , YILMAZ Yasin , AKGÜL Bekir
Published: September 2022

In our current study, NdFeB-based permanent magnet ribbon alloys were produced by using melt spinning method, which is one of the rapid solidification methods and very common in the production of ribbon-shaped, amorphous and/or semi-crystalline alloys. During the production of each NdFeB alloy, 15 wt.% of waste magnet was included in the composition of the alloys. The produced permanent magnet alloys were heat treated for 5 and 10 minutes by using a heat treatment temperature of 710 °C and very high heating and cooling rates of 285 K/s. The effect of the heat treatment time applied at the same temperature on the magnetic properties of the strip alloys was investigated. While the increase in heat treatment time resulted in a remarkable change in magnetic coercivity and maximum energy product properties, there was not much change in the properties such as saturation magnetization and magnetic remenance. As clearly seen, increasing heat treatment time resulted in a continuous decrease in magnetic coercivity from 5030.5 Oe to 2279.4 Oe, maximum energy product first showed a dramatic increase from 62.02 kJ/m3 to 103.73 kJ/m3, and then a dramatic decrease to 38.63 kJ/m3, indicating a decrease in the permanent magnetism of the alloy.
İş Memnuniyeti Faktörlerini Belirlemek ve Analiz Etmek için Çevrimiçi Çalışan Değerlendirmelerini Kullanan ilgili Makine Öğrenmesi ve Topluluk Öğrenmesi Tabanlı Yöntem
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Ali , ONAN Aytuğ , ÇINARLI ERGENE Vildan
Published: September 2022

In this paper it was emphasized that machine learning techniques can achieve high performance in classification and work effectively and scalably with large data sets. The dataset used in this study was obtained from www.kaggle.com. A total of 67529 comments collected from people working at Google, Amazon, Netflix, Facebook, Apple and Microsoft were evaluated. The N-gram model is an important representation scheme in text mining. N-gram models are the unigram model (N = 1), bigram (N = 2), and trigram (N = 3). Three different weighting schemes as TP, TF, and TF-IDF, and three different weighting schemes for traditional machine learning-based analysis as N-gram model (bigram, unigram and trigram) was used. Five supervised learning algorithm was used to train models: Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Random Forest (RF).
Song Genre Estimation Study Using Music Data Set Analysis and Classification Algorithms
Authors: SEVİNDİK Berke Bartuğ , BULUT Vahide
Published: September 2022

The aim of this research is to analyze the dataset of 42305 songs and 15 different genres on the Spotify music platform and examine the relationship of the song with the genres. Relationships with these species were analyzed from the dataset as a preliminary assessment for the species prediction study. The features of the species in the data set are evaluated and categorically according to their features, from data mining classification algorithms; Nearest K-Neighbor, random forest, bagging and logistic regression were used. The study was carried out to predict the types of songs according to the characteristics of the song. Accuracy values between 55% and 77% were obtained. A model with the best performance measurement value of the classification algorithms was considered and the results were evaluated.
Transposable elements as a potential vectors for horizontal gene transfer in host-parasite system
Authors: Podgornaya O.I. , Galaktionov N.K.
Published: September 2022

Horizontal gene transfer is one of the principle ways that maintain the genetic diversity in prokaryotes. However the genetic transfer between eukaryotes is assumptive. In light of this hypothesis DNA transposable elements are the likely candidates for the eukaryotic horizontally transmitted genetic elements. The directed horizontal transfer may only occur in the case of physical contact of organisms involved in this process. This sort of interaction takes place in host–parasite systems. Nowadays the hypothesis of horizontal gene transfer is based on the sequence similarity, sporadic distribution and conjectural ways of transposons transduction. However, all highly homologous elements found are inactive due to mutations within their ORFs. The percent of identity does not represent the origin of transposable element and therefore cannot testify to its transduction. Most of the transposable elements are inactive. Nevertheless the active copies may function as active mutators giving rise to genetic diversity under the ecological stress. In spite of the absence of direct proofs of horizontal gene transfer there are indirect data indicating that this process might occur many times in the course of eukaryotic evolution.
Parasitic system reflects population structure of a parasite: conception and terms
Authors: Granovitch A.J.
Published: September 2022

Population and community consequences of host–parasite interactions are considered. The special attention is given to the various aspects of population level of host-parasite interactions and to approaches to analysis of structure of parasitic systems (systems of populations of the various hosts united in community by interaction with population of a parasite). In the structure of parasitic systems it is allocated two essential architectonic components. The first is a consequence of the differentiated life cycle of a parasite and subdivision of its population onto phase groups (a metastructure of a parasitic system). The second is a consequence of environmental subdivision of parasites (parastructure of a parasitic system). As a whole the parasitic system is considered as a system of para- and metaelements. Importance of population and community levels consideration of the host-parasite interactions is underlined. The special attention is given to working out of a convenient and consistent terms framework for these purposes. The approach developed in the work can be considered as a methodological basis for the analysis of the hierarchical systems formed on the basis of any other type of mutual relations of organisms (others, than interaction of a host– parasite).
Preoperative Less Right Shoulder Elevation Had a Higher Risk of Postoperative Shoulder Imbalance When Main Thoracic Curve Shows Higher Correction Regardless of the Upper Instrumented Vertebra Level for Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Lenke Type 1
Authors: Banno Tomohiro , Yamato Yu , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yoshida Go , Arima Hideyuki , Oe Shin , Mihara Yuki , Ide Koichiro , Watanabe Yuh , Kurosu Kenta , Nakai Keiichi , Matsuyama Yukihiro
Published: September 2022

Study Design: This is a retrospective study.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative shoulder imbalance (PSI) in patients with Lenke type 1.Overview of Literature: PSI is a complication resulting in poor self-image and satisfaction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients.Methods: We examined the data of AIS patients with Lenke type 1 curves who underwent posterior fusion surgery in a retrospective manner. PSI was defined as a 2-year postoperative absolute radiographic shoulder height (RSH) of ≥2 cm. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of PSI and the level of their upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) (UIV at T2 or T3 [U-UIV] or UIV below T3 [L-UIV]). The radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes were compared, and the cutoff values of risk factors were identified by multivariate analysis.Results: Of 104 patients, 21 (20.2%) had left shoulder elevation PSI. The PSI group had a significantly greater preoperative RSH (−5.1 mm vs. −14.3 mm) and main thoracic (MT) curve correction rate (77.3% vs. 69.1%) than the non-PSI group. The PSI incidence did not differ between the U-UIV and L-UIV groups. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative RSH and the MT curve correction rate as independent risk factors for PSI. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified the preoperative RSH cutoff value as −6.5 mm and MT curve correction rate cutoff value as 76.9%.Conclusions: Even in AIS patients with Lenke type 1 curves, the incidence of PSI was relatively high (20.2%). Patients with preoperative lower right shoulder elevation (i.e., RSH >−6.5 mm) had a higher risk of PSI regardless of UIV level when the MT curve showed a higher correction rate (i.e., correction rate >76.9%).
Prospective, randomized controlled multicenter study of posterior lumbar facet arthroplasty for the treatment of spondylolisthesis
Authors: Coric Domagoj , Nassr Ahmad , Kim Paul K. , Welch William C. , Robbins Stephen , DeLuca Steven , Whiting Donald , Chahlavi Ali , Pirris Stephen M. , Groff Michael W. , Chi John H. , Huang Jason H. , Kent Roland , Whitmore Robert G. , Meyer Scott A. , Arnold Paul M. , Patel Ashvin I. , Orr R. Douglas , Krishnaney Ajit , Boltes Peggy , Anekstein Yoram , Steinmetz Michael P.
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a posterior facet replacement device, the Total Posterior Spine (TOPS) System, for the treatment of one-level symptomatic lumbar stenosis with grade I degenerative spondylolisthesis. Posterior lumbar arthroplasty with facet replacement is a motion-preserving alternative to lumbar decompression and fusion. The authors report the preliminary results from the TOPS FDA investigational device exemption (IDE) trial.

METHODS

The study was a prospective, randomized controlled FDA IDE trial comparing the investigational TOPS device with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and pedicle screw fixation. The minimum follow-up duration was 24 months. Validated patient-reported outcome measures included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain. The primary outcome was a composite measure of clinical success: 1) no reoperations, 2) no device breakage, 3) ODI reduction of ≥ 15 points, and 4) no new or worsening neurological deficit. Patients were considered a clinical success only if they met all four measures. Radiographic assessments were made by an independent core laboratory.

RESULTS

A total of 249 patients were evaluated (n = 170 in the TOPS group and n = 79 in the TLIF group). There were no statistically significant differences between implanted levels (L4–5: TOPS, 95% and TLIF, 95%) or blood loss. The overall composite measure for clinical success was statistically significantly higher in the TOPS group (85%) compared with the TLIF group (64%) (p = 0.0138). The percentage of patients reporting a minimum 15-point improvement in ODI showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.037) favoring TOPS (93%) over TLIF (81%). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in the percentage of patients reporting a minimum 20-point improvement on VAS back pain (TOPS, 87%; TLIF, 64%) and leg pain (TOPS, 90%; TLIF, 88%) scores. The rate of surgical reintervention for facet replacement in the TOPS group (5.9%) was lower than the TLIF group (8.8%). The TOPS cohort demonstrated maintenance of flexion/extension range of motion from preoperatively (3.85°) to 24 months (3.86°).

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates that posterior lumbar decompression and dynamic stabilization with the TOPS device is safe and efficacious in the treatment of lumbar stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis. Additionally, decompression and dynamic stabilization with the TOPS device maintains segmental motion.