bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fall Dormancy and Harvest Stage Effects on Alfalfa Nutritive Value in a Subtropical Climate
Authors: Rimi Filippo , Macolino Stefano , Leinauer Bernd , Lauriault Leonard M. , Ziliotto U.
Published: March 2012

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) annual yield is not strongly related to fall dormancy (FD) rating in regions with mild winters, but nutritive value might be, especially when accounting for harvest management. The objective of this study was to compare the forage quality of alfalfa having three FD ratings, all within the nondormant group, under the effect of two phenologically based harvest regimes in a humid subtropical climate. Cultivars with FD ratings of 7.5 (less nondormant), 8.5 (nondormant), and 10.5 (very nondormant) were seeded in April 2005 at the experimental farm of Padova University in Legnaro, northeastern Italy. Plots were harvested at early bud or early flower from 2005 to 2007 and were subsampled at each harvest for nutritive value analyses. Differences were observed between FD ratings for weighted annual average (weighted by yield) neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), crude protein (CP), ash, and ether extract (EE). For example, less nondormant cultivars had higher CP (193 g kg−1) than nondormant cultivars (190 g kg−1), and very nondormant cultivars (187 g kg−1). Harvesting more frequently improved forage nutritive value regardless of the FD rating used. Alfalfa harvested at early flower had NDF concentrations 18 g kg−1 higher than when harvested at early bud. All the chemical components studied were better correlated to the height of canopy than to the leaf to stem ratio (LSR). Results suggest that forage nutritive value was more impacted by stage of maturity than by FD rating or LSR.
Nitrate, Ammonium, and Urea Leaching in Hybrid Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Source
Authors: Guertal E. A. , Howe J. A.
Published: March 2012

Nitrate leaching in turfgrass has been widely studied and found to increase when N was over‐applied, soluble N sources were used, N was applied to sandy soils, or excessive irrigation was applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate N leaching as nitrate, ammonium, and urea from hybrid bermudagrass on three soils (Sumter clay [fine‐silty, carbonatic, thermic Rendollic Eutrudept], Marvyn loamy sand [fine‐loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult], and sand) with three N sources (urea, polymer‐coated urea, urea plus nitrification/urease inhibitor) and a control. Field lysimeters were fertilized at 7.3 g N m−2 in July, and leachate collected for 10 to 12 wk each year for 2 yr. Leachate was analyzed for nitrate‐N, ammonium‐N, and urea‐N. In the first year, significant nitrate‐N was collected, regardless of N source. In that year nitrate‐N in leachate from the clay soil frequently exceeded 10 mg N L−1, even in the unfertilized treatment. High organic matter in the clay soil and N mineralization following construction contributed to nitrate leaching. In the second year, nitrate‐N in leachate never exceeded 10 mg N L−1, regardless of N source or soil type. Differences in total nitrate‐N and ammonium‐N leached due to N source were found in the loamy sand and sand soils, typically in the order: urea ≥ urea + inhibitor ≥ polymer‐coated urea = unfertilized control. Small quantities of urea‐N leached throughout the experiments. If applied at a recommended rate to established turfgrass, leaching of N did not present an environmental hazard. Use of a slow‐release N source sometimes further reduced N losses in leachate.
College Student Persistence to Degree: The Burden of Debt
Authors: Robb Cliff A. , Moody Beth , Abdel-Ghany Mohamed
Published: March 2012

Data collected from two major universities (one in the Midwest and one in the Southeast) in the United States were used to analyze student persistence behavior and perceptions of debt. Results from four separate logistic regression analyses suggested that financial factors play a significant role in student persistence behavior as well as in student perceptions of debt. Controlling for demographic characteristics, as well as a number of key student factors, student loan debt, credit card use behavior, and the presence of other debts, had a significant impact on whether students reported ever reducing credit hours for financial reasons, whether students ever dropped out for financial reasons, and the extent to which students reported difficulty persisting due to the psychological burden of student loan debt and consumer debt. Findings suggest that some persistence issues may be alleviated through targeted education programs.
Using health technology assessment for informing coverage decisions in Thailand
Authors: Mohara Adun , Youngkong Sitaporn , Velasco Román Pérez , Werayingyong Pitsaphun , Pachanee Kumaree , Prakongsai Phusit , Tantivess Sripen , Tangcharoensathien Viroj , Lertiendumrong Jongkol , Jongudomsuk Pongpisut , Teerawattananon Yot
Published: March 2012

This article aims to illustrate and critically analyze the results from the 1-year experience of using health technology assessment (HTA) in the development of the Thai Universal Coverage health benefit package. We review the relevant documents and give a descriptive analysis of outcomes resulting from the development process in 2009–2010. Out of 30 topics nominated by stakeholders for prioritization, 12 were selected for further assessment. A total of five new interventions were recommended for inclusion in the benefit package based on value for money, budget impact, feasibility and equity reasons. Different stakeholders have diverse interests and capabilities to participate in the process. In conclusion, HTA is helpful for informing coverage decisions for health benefit packages because it enhances the legitimacy of policy decisions by increasing the transparency, inclusiveness and accountability of the process. There is room for improvement of the current use of HTA, including providing technical support for patient representatives and civic groups, better communication between health professionals, and focusing more on health promotion and disease prevention.
Tying comparative effectiveness information to decision-making and the future of comparative effectiveness research designs: the case for antipsychotic drugs
Authors: Basu Anirban , Meltzer Herbert Y
Published: March 2012

The outcome of comparative effectiveness research on antipsychotic drugs, specifically the National Institute of Mental Health-funded CATIE trial, has raised questions regarding the value of second-generation antipsychotic drugs and has sparked a debate regarding their accessibility through public insurance. We reviewed the evidence on the impact of access restrictions for antipsychotic drugs in Medicaid programs and found that such restrictions resulted in increases in overall costs and a possible decline in the quality of care. We attribute this unwanted outcome to limitations in comparative effectiveness research designs that fail to inform either clinical or policy decision-making. We enumerate these limitations and illustrate the potential for more innovative comparative effectiveness research designs that may be in line with clinical decision-making using an original analysis of the CATIE trial data. The value of genomic information in enabling better trial design is also discussed.
Viscosity modeling for ionic liquid solutions by Eyring-Wilson equation
Authors: He Yang-Chun , Xu Xue-Jiao , Yang Li-Jun , Ding Bing
Published: March 2012

A semi-theoretical model based on the classical Eyring?s mixture viscosity
equation and the Wilson activity coefficient equation is presented for
correlating the viscosity of ionic liquids with solvent systems. The accuracy
of the proposed model was verified by comparing calculated and experimental
viscosity values from literatures for 49mixtures with total 1560 data
points. The results show that the equation similar to the Wilson activity
coefficient equation can be well applied to describe the non-ideal term in the
Eyring?s mixture viscosity equation. The model has a relatively simple
mathematical form and can be easily incorporated into process
simulation software.
Do Managerial Incentives Drive Cost Behavior? Evidence about the Role of the Zero Earnings Benchmark for Labor Cost Behavior in Private Belgian Firms
Authors: Dierynck Bart , Landsman Wayne R. , Renders Annelies
Published: March 2012

This study investigates the influence of managerial incentives to meet or beat the zero earnings benchmark on labor cost behavior of private Belgian firms. We posit that relative to managers of firms reporting healthy profits, managers meeting or beating the zero earnings benchmark will increase labor costs to a smaller extent when activity increases and decrease labor costs to a larger extent when activity decreases. This should take the form of more symmetric labor cost behavior for firms that report a small profit. Our findings are consistent with this prediction. Using detailed employee data, we show that managers of firms reporting a small profit focus on firing employees who are relatively low cost to fire. To protect their reputation in the labor market, managers of other firms, particularly those reporting healthy profits, limit the numbers of dismissals and react to activity changes by changing the number of hours that employees work.

Data Availability: Data are available from the sources referred to in the text.
Do Unverifiable Disclosures Matter? Evidence from Peer-to-Peer Lending
Authors: Michels Jeremy
Published: March 2012

The role of disclosure in attenuating market inefficiencies has been the subject of extensive research. While costless, voluntary, and unverifiable disclosures are unlikely to be credible sources of information, prior research demonstrates that individuals' decisions can be influenced by uninformative content. I use a unique dataset from a peer-to-peer lending website, Prosper.com, to demonstrate an economically large effect of voluntary, unverifiable disclosures in reducing the cost of debt. My results show an additional unverifiable disclosure is associated with a 1.27 percentage point reduction in interest rate and an 8 percent increase in bidding activity.

Data Availability: All data are publicly available from sources identified in the paper.
An application of advanced technology in disaster management
Authors: Krishna Gopal
Published: March 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i1.5960 JCMSN 2011; 7(1)
Septicemia detection by blood buffy coat smear in primary health care centers
Authors: Jha BK , Singh YI , Mahadevmurthy S , Chaudhary NK
Published: March 2012

Early diagnosis of childhood septicemia can be done by simple tests like C-reactive protein (CRP) and anticoagulant added blood centrifuged buffy coat smear (BBCS) examination, where there is no well equipped hospital setting for blood culture and identification facility in remote health care centers. This study was conducted between 1st Jan. 2007 to 27th Dec. 2007 in College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal. In this study we have selected 150 suspected cases of childhood septicemia for screening CRP by kit method and BBCS by two slide techniques. This kit is supplied by Span Diagnostic Pvt. Ltd. (Surat, India). Out of 150 cases of childhood septicemia of age group 0-14 years, 83 had positive C- reactive protein (CRP >6ì g/ml), 70 were positive for BBCS and blood culture was positive only in 83 cases, where predominant organism being Klebsiella species followed by Staphylococcus species. CRP test showed 100.0% sensitivity and 87.30% specificity, where BBCS showed 76.5% sensitivity and 91.2% specificity. Blood culture reports are available only after 48-72 hours and this facility is available only in well equipped centers but CRP and BBCS are easy and cheap procedure to perform even in remote areas for early diagnosis of childhood septicemia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i1.5968 JCMSN 2011; 7(1): 19-23
Early weight bearing compared with non-weight bearing functional mobilization after operative treatment of an ankle fracture
Authors: Paudel KP
Published: March 2012

Ankle fractures are the most common types of fractures treated in orthopaedics. When to begin ankle movement and weight bearing and the type of immobilizing devices to use post-operatively have had more intense clinical study than most other aspects of ankle fracture treatment. Aim of this study is to compare the results of two functional methods of post-operative treatment in internally fixed ankle fractures, i.e. one after early weight bearing using walking plaster and the other after non-weight bearing functional mobilization in the first six weeks following stable internal fixation. This is a prospective, non-randomized study. Between March 2004 and February 2006, thirty- five patients with displaced ankle fractures treated by internal fixation were assigned in a way that every alternate patient fell in different groups. Group A patients, 17, were managed with a below-knee walking plaster and group B patients, 18 with non-weight bearing mobilization with crutches. Five patients were lost in follow up and 30 were followed regularly as in the protocol. There was a temporary benefit in subjective evaluation (63 v 48 points, student t test. P=0.262), return to work (53.8 v 72.9 days, student t test, p=0.079) for those with a below-knee walking plaster at six week. There were minimal differences between the groups in the loss of dorsal range of movement (14.7 v 13.1 degree) or in the overall clinical results at the first follow up. But the differences disappeared in any evaluation after three months. Both treatments were considered to be satisfactory and the treatment choice depends on the ability to mobilize or weight bearing, the type of work and personal preference. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i1.5972 JCMSN 2011; 7(1): 40-46
Strangulated sigmoid volvulus with severe hypothyroidism: A disastrous combination, our experience
Authors: Praveen CR , Patowary BN , Agarwal A , Kumar S , Karmacharya A , Shrestha P
Published: March 2012

Both sigmoid volvulus and hypothyroidism, can individually have serious repercussions in terms of morbidity and mortality. Even worst, is a combination of these two clinical entities. We report a case of this lethal combination, which had gone into myxedema coma after emergency surgery for strangulated sigmoid volvulus. Patient could be saved because of early identification and meticulous management. It is suggested to have high index of suspicion of hypothyroidism in patients of volvulus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i1.5974 JCMSN 2011; 7(1): 52-56
Expanding Alaska–Canada Rail
Authors: Brooks Colin , Kourous-Harrigan Helen , Billmire Mike , Metz Paul , Keefauver D. Eric , Shuchman Robert , Dobson Richard , Endsley K. Arthur , Taylor Mark
Published: March 2012

Recent changes in global markets have raised the value of mineral resources in northwestern Canada and Alaska. The development of these resources depends on the economics of rail infrastructure expansion. Transportation decision makers need revenue and cost assessments to plan investment in rail infrastructure. A tool based on a geographic information system was developed for mineral resource evaluation and visualization. The tool incorporated expert-augmented mineral resource data for more than 22,000 occurrences in the region. The tool included the proposed Alaska–Canada Rail Link, which would connect Alaska rail to the lower 48 states. Users selected locations of known mineral occurrences near actual or proposed rail routes and used statistical mineral deposit models to estimate resource sizes and extractable value over time by combining current or user-entered commodity prices with multimodal revenue freight volumes and optimally routed transportation costs. The tool translated the revenue scenario into likely carbon dioxide emissions according to the transport of mineral concentrates to regional and international destinations. Users could select and visualize multimodal transportation networks to understand and minimize mobile-source carbon emissions as part of their scenarios. Statistical estimates of mine capital expenditure and operating costs were also calculated according to type. The tool calculated the gross metal value of a mineral occurrence with statistical deposit models. This index was linked to the positive regional economic impact associated with the developed resource in terms of jobs, taxes and royalties, and resupply. This information helped decision makers close the loop on infrastructure investment assessments.
Basic Tool Kit for Estimation of Intermodal Rail Cost
Authors: Seedah Dan P. K. , Harrison Robert , Blaze James R.
Published: March 2012

Federal and state transportation planners and others seeking to analyze transportation systems find few publicly available rail analysis models to estimate the operational costs and environmental impacts of rail movements. Moreover, data to populate such models and to test public policy considerations for evaluating public–private partnerships are generally difficult to obtain. This paper, a product of a study funded by Region 6 of the University Transportation Center Program, offers stakeholders the building blocks to develop an integrated rail analysis model capable of testing railway operational and capital investment changes. The paper also reviews the current state of rail modeling, examines selected rail models, and presents the findings of a preliminary intermodal rail costing model developed in the work.
The Developmental State in Ecological Modernization and the Politics of Environmental Framings: The Case of Singapore and Implications for East Asia
Authors: Wong Catherine Mei Ling
Published: March 2012

In East Asia, climate change as a policy concern has been a late developer. The last decade, however, has seen the mainstreaming of environmental issues in core policy circles, but in the form of market-friendly, pro-industrial development framings. This paper problematizes such environmental framings by looking at the politics of state-led ecological modernization and the institutional reforms that have emerged out of it. It argues that State-led ecological modernization necessarily leads to environmental framings that are too narrowly defined by state and industrial interests - hence the focus on carbon emissions, energy security and the impact on Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The State-driven assumption that society can modernize itself out of its environmental crisis through greater advancements in technological development also ignores the fact that this process often leads to the creation of other environmental and social problems, which in turn undermines the fundamental goals of stability and sustainability. Civil society needs to be given greater space in the policy and framing processes in order to have a more balanced policy approach to environmental reform in a more equitable way.
The effect of targeted agents on outcomes in patients with brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma treated with Gamma Knife surgery
Authors: Cochran D. Clay , Chan Michael D. , Aklilu Mebea , Lovato James F. , Alphonse Natalie K. , Bourland J. Daniel , Urbanic James J. , McMullen Kevin P. , Shaw Edward G. , Tatter Stephen B. , Ellis Thomas L.
Published: March 2012

Object

Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) has been reported as an effective modality for treating brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The authors aimed to determine if targeted agents such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and bevacizumab affect the patterns of failure of RCC after GKS.

Methods

Between 1999 and 2010, 61 patients with brain metastases from RCC were treated with GKS. A median dose of 20 Gy (range 13–24 Gy) was prescribed to the margin of each metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine local control, distant failure, and overall survival rates. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to determine the association between disease-related factors and survival.

Results

Overall survival at 1, 2, and 3 years was 38%, 17%, and 9%, respectively. Freedom from local failure at 1, 2, and 3 years was 74%, 61%, and 40%, respectively. The distant failure rate at 1, 2, and 3 years was 51%, 79%, and 89%, respectively. Twenty-seven percent of patients died of neurological disease. The median survival for patients receiving targeted agents (n = 24) was 16.6 months compared with 7.2 months (n = 37) for those not receiving targeted therapy (p = 0.04). Freedom from local failure at 1 year was 93% versus 60% for patients receiving and those not receiving targeted agents, respectively (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the use of targeted agents (hazard ratio 3.02, p = 0.003) was the only factor that predicted for improved survival. Two patients experienced post-GKS hemorrhage within the treated volume.

Conclusions

Targeted agents appear to improve local control and overall survival in patients treated with GKS for metastastic RCC.
Asymptomatic spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: pathomechanical considerations
Authors: Sato Kenichi , TerBrugge Karel G. , Krings Timo
Published: March 2012

Object

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) consist of a shunt with converging feeding vessels arising from radiculomeningeal arteries and draining retrogradely via a radicular vein into the perimedullary veins, thereby causing progressive myelopathy due to venous hypertension in the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that the obstruction of radicular venous outlets could be an additional factor inducing symptomatic venous hypertension due to a decreased outflow in SDAVFs.

Methods

The authors compared the clinical and imaging findings in patients with asymptomatic SDAVFs identified incidentally at the upper thoracic region with the findings in symptomatic patients who harbored SDAVFs at the same level.

Results

All symptomatic patients presented with medullary dysfunction. The mean age of patients with asymptomatic SDAVF was 51.5 years, approximately 10 years younger than the patients with symptomatic SDAVF (64.1 years old). Despite the existence of dilated perimedullary vessels in the dorsal side of the spinal cord in all patients, the spinal cord edema seen in symptomatic patients was not detected on the MR images obtained in patients with asymptomatic SDAVF. The spinal angiograms of the asymptomatic patients distinctively demonstrated early radicular venous outflow from affected perimedullary veins to the extradural venous plexus as a potential alternate route for the venous hypertension to be released.

Conclusions

Obstruction of the radicular venous outflow could be an important factor in inducing spinal congestive edema due to venous hypertension, as well as subsequent clinical symptoms of SDAVFs.
Nitrous oxide myelopathy posing as spinal cord injury
Authors: Ghobrial George M. , Dalyai Richard , Flanders Adam E. , Harrop James
Published: March 2012

The authors describe a patient who presented with acute tetraparesis and a proposed acute traumatic spinal cord injury that was the result of nitrous oxide myelopathy. This 19-year-old man sustained a traumatic fall off a 6-ft high wall. His examination was consistent with a central cord syndrome with the addition of dorsal column impairment. Cervical MRI demonstrated an isolated dorsal column signal that was suggestive of a nontraumatic etiology. The patient's symptoms resolved entirely over the course of 48 hours.

Nitrous oxide abuse is increasing in prevalence. Its toxic side effects can mask vitamin B12 and folate deficiency and central cord syndrome. The patient's history and radiographic presentation are key to establishing a diagnosis.
An Electrochemical Method to Detect Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase
Authors: Chen Guifang , Ni Shengfa , Zhu Sha , Yang Jinghua , Yin Yongmei
Published: March 2012

Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a transferase, which is of great importance in sustaining intracellular cysteine and glutathione levels. The abnormal expression of GGT is significantly associated with features of many metabolic syndromes (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma). Therefore, it is essential to develop methods to detect GGT so as to monitor the physiological or pathological phenomena related to this species. In this work, by making use of a complex formed by Cu2+ and glutathione, which may exhibit excellent voltammetric response, we have proposed a novel potential electrochemical method for the detection of the enzyme. Results show that in the presence of GGT, the formation of Cu2+-glutathione complex on a working electrode will be disrupted, resulting in greatly depressed electrochemical signals. The primary method exhibits some advantages, such as it being fast, cost-efficient, and conveniently operated. It also has the potential to be further developed as an effective method in the quantitative detection of GGT in real samples.
An Oligodeoxynucleotide That Induces Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Osteoblasts in Vitro and Reduces Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats with Periodontitis
Authors: Shen Yuqin , Feng Zhiyuan , Lin Chongtao , Hou Xu , Wang Xueju , Wang Jing , Yu Yongli , Wang Liying , Sun Xinhua
Published: March 2012

To investigate the effect of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to osteoblasts, in order to find a candidate ODN with potential for the treatment of periodontitis, a series of ODNs were designed and selected to test their effect on the promotion of the differentiation of BMSCs to osteoblasts in vitro and on the repair of periodontal tissue in rats with periodontitis. It was found that MT01, one of the ODNs with the sequences of human mitochondrial DNA, stimulated the proliferation of BMSCs, the differentiation of BMSCs to osteoblasts and mRNA expression of bone-associated factors including Runx2, Osterix, OPG, RANKL and collagen I in vitro. In vivo study showed that MT01 prevented the loss of alveolar bone in the rats with periodontitis and induced the production of proteins of OPG and Osterix in the bone tissue. These results indicated that MT01 could induce differentiation of BMSCs to osteoblasts and inhibit the alveolar bone absorption in rats with periodontitis.
A Study of Trimethylsilane (3MS) and Tetramethylsilane (4MS) Based α-SiCN:H/α-SiCO:H Diffusion Barrier Films
Authors: Chen Sheng-Wen , Wang Yu-Sheng , Hu Shao-Yu , Lee Wen-Hsi , Chi Chieh-Cheng , Wang Ying-Lang
Published: March 2012

Amorphous nitrogen-doped silicon carbide (α-SiCN:H) films have been used as a Cu penetration diffusion barrier and interconnect etch stop layer in the below 90-nanometer ultra-large scale integration (ULSI) manufacturing technology. In this study, the etching stop layers were deposited by using trimethylsilane (3MS) or tetramethylsilane (4MS) with ammonia by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) followed by a procedure for tetra-ethoxyl silane (TEOS) oxide. The depth profile of Cu distribution examined by second ion mass spectroscopy (SIMs) showed that 3MS α-SiCN:H exhibited a better barrier performance than the 4MS film, which was revealed by the Cu signal. The FTIR spectra also showed the intensity of Si-CH3 stretch mode in the α-SiCN:H film deposited by 3MS was higher than that deposited by 4MS. A novel multi structure of oxygen-doped silicon carbide (SiC:O) substituted TEOS oxide capped on 4MS α-SiC:N film was also examined. In addition to this, the new multi etch stop layers can be deposited together with the same tool which can thus eliminate the effect of the vacuum break and accompanying environmental contamination.
Comparative Lipidomic Profiling of S. cerevisiae and Four Other Hemiascomycetous Yeasts
Authors: Hein Eva-Maria , Hayen Heiko
Published: March 2012

Glycerophospholipids (GP) are the building blocks of cellular membranes and play essential roles in cell compartmentation, membrane fluidity or apoptosis. In addition, GPs are sources for multifunctional second messengers. Whereas the genome and proteome of the most intensively studied eukaryotic model organism, the baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), are well characterized, the analysis of its lipid composition is still at the beginning. Moreover, different yeast species can be distinguished on the DNA, RNA and protein level, but it is currently unknown if they can also be differentiated by determination of their GP pattern. Therefore, the GP compositions of five different yeast strains, grown under identical environmental conditions, were elucidated using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to negative electrospray ionization-hybrid linear ion trap-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry in single and multistage mode. Using this approach, relative quantification of more than 100 molecular species belonging to nine GP classes was achieved. The comparative lipidomic profiling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces bayanus, Kluyveromyces thermotolerans, Pichia angusta, and Yarrowia lipolytica revealed characteristic GP profiles for each strain. However, genetically related yeast strains show similarities in their GP compositions, e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus.
Tandem Three-Component Reactions of Aldehyde, Alkyl Acrylate, and Dialkylmalonate Catalyzed by Ethyl Diphenylphosphine
Authors: Jang Yeong-Jiunn , Syu Siang-En , Jhang Yi-Wun , Lee Yu-Ting , Lee Chia-Jui , Chen Ko-Wei , Das Utpal , Lin Wenwei
Published: March 2012

A new highly efficient three-component reaction of alkyl acrylate, aldehyde and dialkyl malonate using ethyl diphenylphosphine as organocatalyst has been described. Various highly functional compounds bearing hydroxyl groups and the ester functions can be easily prepared in moderate to good yields according to our one-step procedure. The reactions are believed to proceed via Morita-Baylis-Hillman reactions of alkyl acrylate and aldehydes, followed by the Michael addition reactions of dialkyl malonates. Our reactions indicated that the intermediate species formed in the phosphine-catalyzed MBH reaction are an effective organic base to catalyze the Michael addition reactions of dialkyl malonates to the preformed MBH adducts.
Anti-Addition Mechanism in the Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Alkenes Catalyzed by PVP-Stabilized Nanogold
Authors: Kitahara Hiroaki , Sakurai Hidehiro
Published: March 2012

(1R*,4S*,4aR*,9aS*,10S*)-10-Hydroxy-10-phenyl-1,4a,9a,10-tetrahydro-1,4-methanoanthracen-9(4H)-one (1c) was prepared for the elucidation of the reaction mechanism of intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of alkenes catalyzed by gold nanoclusters stabilized by a hydrophilic polymer, poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (Au:PVP). It was found that the reaction proceeded via anti-addition of alcohol to the alkene assisted by p-activation of the gold clusters, which is the same mechanism as the hydroamination by toluenesulfonamides.
A New Algorithm for the Satellite-Based Retrieval of Solar Surface Irradiance in Spectral Bands
Authors: Mueller Richard , Behrendt Tanja , Hammer Annette , Kemper Axel
Published: March 2012

Accurate solar surface irradiance data is a prerequisite for an efficient planning and operation of solar energy systems. Further, it is essential for climate monitoring and analysis. Recently, the demand on information about spectrally resolved solar surface irradiance has grown. As surface measurements are rare, satellite derived information with high accuracy might fill this gap. This paper describes a new approach for the retrieval of spectrally resolved solar surface irradiance from satellite data. The method combines a eigenvector-hybrid look-up table approach for the clear sky case with satellite derived cloud transmission (Heliosat method). The eigenvector LUT approach is already used to retrieve the broadband solar surface irradiance of data sets provided by the Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM-SAF). This paper describes the extension of this approach to wavelength bands and the combination with spectrally resolved cloud transmission values derived with radiative transfer corrections of the broadband cloud transmission. Thus, the new approach is based on radiative transfer modeling and enables the use of extended information about the atmospheric state, among others, to resolve the effect of water vapor and ozone absorption bands. The method is validated with spectrally resolved measurements from two sites in Europe and by comparison with radiative transfer calculations. The validation results demonstrate the ability of the method to retrieve accurate spectrally resolved irradiance from satellites. The accuracy is in the range of the uncertainty of surface measurements, with exception of the UV and NIR ( ≥ 1200 nm) part of the spectrum, where higher deviations occur.
α-Hydroxyketone Synthesis and Sensing by Legionella and Vibrio
Authors: Tiaden André , Hilbi Hubert
Published: March 2012

Bacteria synthesize and sense low molecular weight signaling molecules, termed autoinducers, to measure their population density and community complexity. One class of autoinducers, the α-hydroxyketones (AHKs), is produced and detected by the water-borne opportunistic pathogens Legionella pneumophila and Vibrio cholerae, which cause Legionnaires’ disease and cholera, respectively. The “Legionella quorum sensing” (lqs) or “cholera quorum sensing” (cqs) genes encode enzymes that produce and sense the AHK molecules “Legionella autoinducer-1” (LAI-1; 3-hydroxypentadecane-4-one) or cholera autoinducer-1 (CAI-1; 3-hydroxytridecane-4-one). AHK signaling regulates the virulence of L. pneumophila and V. cholerae, pathogen-host cell interactions, formation of biofilms or extracellular filaments, expression of a genomic “fitness island” and competence. Here, we outline the processes, wherein AHK signaling plays a role, and review recent insights into the function of proteins encoded by the lqs and cqs gene clusters. To this end, we will focus on the autoinducer synthases catalysing the biosynthesis of AHKs, on the cognate trans-membrane sensor kinases detecting the signals, and on components of the down-stream phosphorelay cascade that promote the transmission and integration of signaling events regulating gene expression.
Dans les traces de Hymes et au-delà : les études de la socialisation langagière
Authors: Sterponi Laura , Bhattacharya Usree
Published: March 2012

Cet article met en relief le rôle des travaux de Dell Hymes dans l’élaboration du paradigme de la socialisation langagière et l’influence de concepts clés de son œuvre sur ce courant de recherche, dans lequel ces concepts ont été investis et ré-élaborés. Ainsi, en premier lieu, cette contribution examine la place primordiale accordée au contexte social et culturel par Hymes, et, à sa suite, par les chercheur.e.s sur la socialisation langagière, qui ont notamment mis en avant le rôle important de l ’indexicalité dans les processus qu’ils décrivent. Deuxièmement, l’article analyse la manière dont ces mêmes chercheur.e.s ont investi et documenté empiriquement le concept Hymesien de compétence de communication , selon lequel les aptitudes communicatives sont conditionnées non seulement par la maitrise des formes linguistiques mais aussi par celle des normes sociales et culturelles. Ensuite, l’article propose une revue de différents travaux qui montrent que la part d’ agentivité dont disposent les sujets socialisés confère aux processus de reproduction culturelle une certaine plasticité. Cette revue atteste également de la manière dont les chercheur.e.s du domaine de la socialisation langagière ont suivi les traces de Hymes en décrivant des situations d’inégalités scolaires et sociales qui résultent de l’accès différentiel au capital linguistique. Au total, cet article démontre donc ce que les recherches sur la socialisation langagière doivent aux travaux fondateurs de Dell Hymes, tout en soulignant l’originalité et la diversité de ce champ dans l’approfondissement et le renouvèlement de sa vision.
Élever l'enfant entre tradition et modernité : une analyse du discours contrastive de guides parentaux français et allemands
Authors: von Münchow Patricia
Published: March 2012

Dans cet article, on fait état d’une comparaison de guides parentaux – c’est-à-dire d’ouvrages s’adressant à des parents d’enfants en bas âge et qui traitent de questions de soin et d’éducation au sens large – en France et en Allemagne. Dans le cadre de l’analyse du discours contrastive, on s’efforce plus précisément de montrer, par la mise en évidence d’un certain nombre de procédés discursifs, quelles représentations construisent les auteurs des différents guides analysés concernant l’inscription de l’activité consistant à élever l’enfant dans une certaine tradition ou dans la modernité, souvent scientifique. L’opposition entre la tradition et la modernité se conjugue sur plusieurs plans, dans les guides parentaux. Il s’agit de se situer entre le présent et le passé et entre la culture à laquelle appartient l’ouvrage respectif et d’autres cultures, ce que les auteurs accomplissent par l’intermédiaire d’un positionnement spécifique dans le temps et dans l’espace. Les auteurs construisent également des rapports différents aux « vieilles choses », appartenant à un certain passé, de même qu’aux « vieux mots », c’est-à-dire aux formules figées et à ce trésor commun traditionnel que constitue la langue. Enfin, les guides font référence à de « vieux discours », discours stéréotypés tissant une sorte de toile dans laquelle la parentalité est prise, voire emprisonnée. En insistant sur ce qui oppose les différents ouvrages dans leur inscription sur les axes passé/présent et ici/ailleurs, de même que dans leur rapport aux « vieux mots » et aux « vieux discours », on met en évidence une conception française de la responsabilité pour l’enfant comme étant d’ordre « public » par opposition à une conception allemande d’ordre « privé ».
La nouvelle réalité des pôles : l'expérience de l'Ile-de-France
Authors: Gollain Vincent
Published: March 2012

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse à l’impact pour la région Ile-de-France de la récente et novatrice politique du gouvernement français en faveur des pôles de compétitivité. Accueillie par un environnement porteur, cette politique a connu un franc succès dans la région, comme le témoignent la dynamique créée et le nombre de pôles labellisés. A travers une « vue intérieure » des premiers moments de la vie du pôle « Image, Multimédia et Vie Numérique » (IMVN), cet article mesure l’étendue des thématiques traitées par les pôles de compétitivité, la dynamique des membres fondateurs, les étapes franchies mais aussi celles qui restent à passer. Enfin, cet article se conclut sur les quatre défis à relever par la politique des pôles de compétitivité.
Comment une entreprise peut-elle maîtriser les risques induits par l'innovation ?
Authors: Blondel Frédérique , Gaultier-Gaillard Sophie
Published: March 2012

Résumé L’externalisation de compétences, la mise en place de partenariats ou le partage des tâches entre entreprises partenaires est devenue une pratique usuelle pour les entreprises. Ces procédures engendrent des risques que l’entreprise souhaite maîtriser. L’objet de cet article est d’analyser les modalités du partage des risques, après avoir pris soin de présenter les risques majeurs liés à l’innovation, et d’en définir les principales limites.
Organisation éclatée et transversalité: De la nécessaire intégration de la gestion globale des risques au management stratégique
Authors: Gratacap Anne
Published: March 2012

Résumé Différentes mutations dans l’environnement et l’organisation de l’entreprise sont à l’origine de l’accroissement de la thématique de la gestion du risque en sciences de gestion (marketing, finance, gestion des ressources humaines...) et plus particulièrement en management stratégique. De même, les pratiques mises en œuvre par les entreprises sous la pression notamment des cabinets de consultants tendent de plus en plus à intégrer la gestion globale des risques à la stratégie de l’entreprise. Ce mouvement suscite selon nous des situations de gestion originales qui devraient intéresser de plus en plus la communauté scientifique de gestion, ainsi que les dirigeants d’entreprise. Toutefois, en terme de recherche scientifique, la mobilisation de cette notion ne renouvelle pas les problématiques développées sur le thème de la gestion des risques. De même, les ancrages théoriques utilisés en management stratégique ne constituent pas en soi une rupture par rapport aux apports antérieurs. Notre objectif est ici d’adapter les théories et concepts existants (qualité, organisation apprenante, organisation éclatée...) à cette nouvelle préoccupation de l’entreprise. Il s’agit en effet de légitimer l’intérêt que présente la gestion globale des risques pour le gestionnaire et plus particulièrement pour le stratège, en proposant un angle d’analyse nouveau.
L'évaluation du changement de nom des entreprises par les marches financiers
Authors: Delattre Eric
Published: March 2012

Résumé Dans toutes les économies de marché, les marques apparaissent comme un élément clé de la stratégie des organisations. Les enjeux liés à une meilleure gestion des marques ont donné lieu à de nombreuses recherches. Les travaux portant sur le capital-marque (Aaker, 1991), l’identité (Kapferer, 1988) et le territoire de marque (Changeur et Chandon, 1995), le co-branding (Cegarra et Michel, 2001) ou encore l’extension de marque (Aaker, 1990) ont ainsi permis de définir des concepts clés, sources d’avantages concurrentiels pour les entreprises.
L'entrepreneuriat immigre et son accompagnement en France
Authors: Lévy-Tadjine Thierry
Published: March 2012

Résumé Partant du constat que la littérature, essentiellement anglo-saxonne, sur l’entrepreneuriat ethnique et immigré est insatisfaisante pour rendre compte du phénomène entrepreneurial immigré dans le contexte français et de son accompagnement, nous avons proposé dans notre thèse, un modèle dialectique et téléologique de l’Entrepreneuriat Immigré. Ce modèle, fondé sur la psycho-sociologie de l’interculturel et sur la théorie des conventions, visait à rendre compte de la diversité des trajectoires entrepreneuriales des publics issus de l’immigration et à éclairer les pratiques d’accompagnement.
Contribution à l'analyse de la localisation et de la concentration spatiale des activités industrielles
Authors: Puech Florence
Published: March 2012

Résumé Cet article présente la problématique générale de ma thèse «  Concentration géographique des activités industrielles : Mesures et enjeux  » 1 , ma démarche ainsi que les principaux résultats mis en évidence aux cours de mes travaux. Mes différentes études se regroupent autour de trois grands domaines : l’économie géographique, l’économie internationale et les statistiques spatiales. Dans toutes mes recherches, je me suis attachée à analyser plus précisément la distribution des activités productives en tentant, d’une part, de quantifier les niveaux de concentration spatiale des activités industrielles et, d’autre part, de comprendre les stratégies de localisation des établissements industriels aux niveaux intranational et international. Ainsi, les deux axes de recherche envisagés seront successivement exposés, car si l’explication de la localisation des activités économiques et de l’agglomération fait l’objet d’une grande attention, un autre aspect de la polarisation des activités a été nettement moins étudié : les méthodes de quantification des phénomènes de concentration géographique.
Rôle de l'intelligence économique dans la stratégie de l'entreprise
Authors: Saïd Antoine
Published: March 2012

Résumé Cet article résume la thèse soutenue par l’auteur à l’Université Paris Dauphine en 2004. En partant d’une analyse détaillée du concept de la « Capacité d’absorption de l’information », il propose dans un premier temps une nouvelle lecture, et de l’intelligence économique et de la stratégie d’entreprise, afin de proposer un système stratégique capable d’aligner l’I.E. avec la stratégie d’entreprise.
Entreprises européennes de hautes technologies : de l'intelligence concurrentielle à l'intelligence coopétitive ?
Authors: Salvetat David
Published: March 2012

Résumé Entre atouts indéniables et difficultés récurrentes, le concept d’intelligence économique s’est énormément développé. Environnement hypercompétitif, complexe et incertain, l’intelligence économique trouve son adéquation optimale dans sa quête de la compréhension des enjeux environnementaux. Epars et varié, l’exercice de l’intelligence économique constitue autant de pratiques intéressantes pour comprendre les relations existantes entre l’entreprise et ses milieux d’affaires. Traditionnellement axée sur la recherche de l’attaque concurrentielle, l’intelligence économique n’a-t-elle aussi pour objectif de trouver les points de coopération avec les concurrents ? Cette étude concerne les entreprises européennes de hautes technologies. Elle aborde les pratiques d’intelligence économique relatives aux comportements compétitifs et coopétitifs.
Intelligence économique et performance des entreprises : le cas des PME de haute technologie
Authors: Habhab-Rave Saïda
Published: March 2012

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier le lien entre intelligence économique et performance des entreprises œuvrant dans la haute technologie. En effet, peu d’études ont été consacrées à ce sujet. La méthodologie de recherche utilisée est l’étude de cas par comparaison intersites. Les résultats obtenus ont permis d’appréhender la pratique d’intelligence économique dans les PME de haute technologie connaissant du succès. La culture d’innovation de l’équipe dirigeante semble être le fil conducteur des activités d’intelligence économique, stimulant et orientant la prise de décision. L’intelligence économique apparaît alors comme un moyen puissant d’aide à la décision et associée à la performance des entreprises de haute technologie. Elle est motivée par la recherche d’occasions d’affaires et vise principalement l’horizon à long terme. Par ailleurs, les dirigeants gèrent de façon stratégique leurs réseaux d’information afin d’y puiser les informations nécessaires à l’innovation.
Allograft Arthrodesis of the Knee for Giant Cell Tumors
Authors: Lv Chaoliang , Tu Chongqi , Min Li , Duan Hong
Published: March 2012

Giant cell tumors of bone are aggressive benign tumors. Wide resection is reserved for a small subset of patients with biologically more aggressive, recurrent, and extensive tumors. For patients with giant cell tumors who are young or middle-aged adults with normal life expectancies and high levels of activity, arthrodesis is an option for reconstruction after resection. We retrospectively studied 40 patients (mean age, 33.1 years) with Campanacci grade III giant cell tumors around the knee (12 distal femoral and 28 proximal tibial) that were treated with wide resection and allograft arthrodesis using compression plating between January 1998 and January 2008. At an average follow-up of 4.3 years (range, 2–10 years), no patient had local recurrence, malignant transformation, or pulmonary or distant metastases. The grafts united proximally and distally in 35 (87.5%) patients. Average limb-length shortening was 2 cm (range, 1.5–5 cm). No patient needed a lengthening procedure. Functional outcomes according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society measure were successful, with an average score of 26.3 points (range, 22–30 points).

Wide resection with allograft arthrodesis of the knee is a treatment option in young, active patients with Campanacci grade III giant cell tumors around the knee. Wide resection and reconstruction with knee allograft arthrodesis for giant cell tumors can achieve excellent control of disease, high fusion rates, acceptable functional results, and low complication rates.