bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
kulturális és kreatív iparágak a világ legfrekventáltabb régióiban
Authors: Gályász Anett
Published: July 2016

A dolgozat körüljárja és rendszerezi a kreativitás és a kreatív ipar fogalmát, a kreatív gazdaság fogalmi eltéréseit, melyek segítségével feltérképezhető, hogy az egyes országok vagy régiók mely területeknek tulajdonítanak domináns szerepet a fejlődés szempontjából. Bemutatja ezen túl a kreatív gazdaság foglami rendszere kidolgozására és statisztikai mérésére irányuló próbálkozásokat. A továbbiakban a kreatív ipar statisztikai, gazdasági és társadalmi jellemzőit vizsgálja, összhangban az Európa 2020 stratégiával, valamint az általa kijelölt irányvonalat követő egyéb szakmai anyagokkal, és meghatározza az előttünk álló feladatokat.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: Z1
Microvascular and Macrovascular Disease and Risk for Major Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mohammedi Kamel , Woodward Mark , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Zoungas Sophia , Williams Bryan , Lisheng Liu , Rodgers Anthony , Mancia Giuseppe , Neal Bruce , Harrap Stephen , Marre Michel , Chalmers John
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes, but the relationship between other vascular diseases and PAD has been poorly investigated. We examined the impact of previous microvascular and macrovascular disease on the risk of major PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We analyzed 10,624 patients with type 2 diabetes free from baseline major PAD in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) clinical trial. The primary composite outcome was major PAD defined as PAD-induced death, peripheral revascularization, lower-limb amputation, or chronic ulceration. The secondary end points were the PAD components considered separately.

RESULTS

Major PAD occurred in 620 (5.8%) participants during 5 years of follow-up. Baseline microvascular and macrovascular disease were both associated with subsequent risk of major PAD after adjustment for age, sex, region of origin, and randomized treatments. However, only microvascular disease remained significantly associated with PAD after further adjustment for established risk factors. The highest risk was observed in participants with a history of macroalbuminuria (hazard ratio 1.91 [95% CI 1.38–2.64], P < 0.0001) and retinal photocoagulation therapy (1.60 [1.11–2.32], P = 0.01). Baseline microvascular disease was also associated with a higher risk of chronic lower-limb ulceration (2.07 [1.56–2.75], P < 0.0001) and amputation (1.59 [1.15–2.22], P = 0.006), whereas baseline macrovascular disease was associated with a higher rate of angioplasty procedures (1.75 [1.13–2.73], P = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Microvascular disease, particularly macroalbuminuria and retinal photocoagulation therapy, strongly predicts major PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes, but macrovascular disease does not.
Expansion Planning of Electricity Generating System Using the VALORAGUA and WASP-IV Models in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Jayandra Prasad , Shrestha Namrata Tusuju
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a framework for a possible expansion plan of Nepal’s electricity generation system using VALORAGUA and Wien Automatic System Planning (WASP-IV) models as examples. Given that Nepal seeks to add several hydropower plants to the Integrated National Power System (INPS) in the next few years, this type of planning is crucial. To explore potential expansion plans, the 48 hydropower plants (20 of which are currently operating) within 18 hydro networks and two diesel plants are included, and different options such as the possibility of export, seasonal variations in hydrology, and projected growth rates in gross domestic product are considered. The results illustrate the long run marginal cost (LRMC) and loss of load probability (LoLP) through 2030 in Nepal. It is found that LRMC is 3.50 Nepali Rupees per kilowatt hour at 4.1% of average LoLP. While scrutinizing the results, it is found that LoLP is higher in early stage of projections due to generation capacity limitations from 2014 to 2016. However, by the end of 2017, the LRMC and LoLP begin to decrease significantly. On this premise, the model suggests to introduce large storage plants for hydropower generation and export of that excess energy. Furthermore, a proper implementation of proposed peaking and storage plants to meet rising demand can offset the need to obtain electricity through more expensive and less environmentally-friendly means such as thermal/diesel plants.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 19Page: 45-51
An Interview with Mr. Mukesh Raj Kafle
Authors: Kafle Mukesh Raj
Published: July 2016

In light of ongoing discourses, at present, on prevailing energy crisis and the hydropower development in Nepal, HYDRO Nepal felt this an opportune moment to review and assess the present energy scenario of Nepal. This time, HYDRO Nepal takes pleasure in presenting an interview with Mr. Mukesh Raj Kafle, Managing Director, Nepal Electricity Authority with Mr. Upendra Dev Bhatta, Editor-in-Chief of HYDRO Nepal Journal.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 19Page: 63-67
Upper Trishuli-2 Hydroelectric Project
Authors: Dhungana Santosh
Published: July 2016

Not Available.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 19Page: 70
Exercise induced changes in autonomic nerve function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome by power spectral analysis
Authors: Tenzin Karma , Begum Noorzahan , Ferdousi Sultana
Published: July 2016

Background: Altered autonomic nerve function has been reported by various investigators in IBS and moderate to vigor­ous physical exercise causes autonomic nerve function improvement both in healthy and various clinical conditions. Objective: To observe the effect of brisk walking on the autonomic nerve function by analysis of heart rate in patients with Irritable bowel syndrome.Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) between January to December 2013. For this purpose 77 male patients aged 20-50 years with IBS were included in this study, they were enrolled from OPD, Gastroen­terology, BSMMU, Dhaka. For comparison, 28 apparently healthy male were also included as control. HRV measures were recorded once before exercise and also after 3 months of brisk walking. For assessing HRV, frequency domain measures such as total power, LF power, HF power, LF norm and HF norm were recorded by Polyrite D machine. ANOVA, Independent sample t-test and paired t-tests were performed for statistical analysis.Results: The pre-exercise values of HF power, HF norm and total power were significantly lower (p<0.05) whereas values of LF power and LF norm were higher (p<0.05) in all IBS patient compared to those of control. The post exercise data demonstrated signifi­cantly higher (p<0.05) HF power, HF nu and total power in all IBS patients compared to their pre-exercise values.Conclu­sion: This study concluded that the frequency domain measures of HRV were decreased in IBS patients but all these parameters can be improved by regular moderate physical exercise.
Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide concentration for diagnosis of acute heart failure with renal insufficiency
Authors: Khan Naila Atik , Hoque Md. Mozammel , Biswas Subrata Kumar , Alam Mohammad Masum , Ashraf Mohammad Shahed
Published: July 2016

Background : Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is the diagnostic tool for acute heart failure (AHF).This natriu­retic peptide level depends on renal function, through renal metabolism and excretion. Therefore we examined the effect ofrenal impairment on plasma BNP level during diagnosis of AHF.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effect of renal dysfunction on plasma BNP level and to determine appropriate cutoff value of plasma BNP to diagnose the patients of AHF with renal insufficiency.Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted in the Depart­ment of Biochemistry Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). The study was done among 90 AHF patients selected from cardiology emergency department during the period of July 2012 to June 2013. After enrollment plasma BNP concentration was measured and eGFR was estimated from serum creatinine by the four parameter Modifica­tion of Diet and Renal Disease (MORD) equation and then grouped into two groups on the basis of empirical cut off value of eGFR 60 ml/min/1.73 m2Results: In this study a significant negative correlation was found between plasma BNP evel and eGFR (P<0.001 ), with higher BNP levels observed as eGFR declined. The optimal BNP cutoff value for diagno­sis of AHF patients with renal insufficiency was 824 pg/ml. At this cutoff level AHF with renal insufficiency could be diagnosed with sensitivity and specificity of 84% and 71 %, respectively.Conclusions: By adjusting the cutoff value, plasma BNP can be used to diagnose AHF with renal insufficiency with an acceptable sensitivity and specificity.
Social impact and healthcare- seeking behavior for urinary incontinence among perimenopausal women attending gynae out patient department in BSMMU
Authors: Zabin Fahmida , Sultana Nigar , Begum Kazi Farhana , Kawser Selima , Akter Halima
Published: July 2016

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a highly prevalent and burdensome condition among women.However,fewer than half of women with symptoms consult with a physician about incontinence, and determinant of treatment seeking are not well understood.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, awareness and determinants of urinary incontinence (UI) among women attending GOPD in BSMMU and the sociodemographic factors involved in their health care-seeking behaviour.Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in Gynaeout patient department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University with a sample of 800 women aged 45 yrs and above.Results: A total of 1000 women were recruited for the study by purposive sampling,among them 800 agreed to participate and completed the questionnaire. Of these, 165 (20.6%) were found to have UL Overall, the reason for not seeking medical attention was mainly embarrassment (40.6%) at having to speak with doctor. Of the total study sample, 566 subjects (70.6%) believed that UI was abnormal and worth reporting to a doctor. Coping mechanisms among incontinent women included frequent washing (58.3%) and wearing a protective perineal pad (42.4%), changing underwear frequently (41.3%), decreasing fluid intake (19.8%) and stopping all work (4.9%). Sufferers were most troubled by their inability to pray (64%) maintain marital relationship (47%), limitation of their social activities (20%), difficulty in doing housework (14%) and inconven­ience during shopping (13%). Most (56%) found it most embarrassing to discuss UI with their husbands. The majority of women (51.9%) believed child birth to be the major cause ofUI, followed by ageing (49.5%), menopause (34.2%) and paralysis (25.3%). Most of the subjects (62.3%) believe that UI can cause infection, some (20.5%) believe that it can cause skin allergy and very few think that it can cause cancer or other disorders.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that although UI is relatively common ,it is undereported by the women because of social and cultural attitudes. This findings suggest that strategies to promote care-seeking for incontinence must be developed and employed in the community.
Seroprevalence of rubella in infertile women and the need for preconceptional vaccination
Authors: Ishrat Shakeela , Sultana Parveen , Hossain Marufa , Fatima Parveen
Published: July 2016

Background: When a pregnant woman gets rubella infection in early months of pregnancy, there is risk of severe and multiple fetal defects ( congenital rubella syndrome), abortion and stillbirth. Screening of reproductive age women for susceptibility to rubella infection and vaccinating them can prevent this situation.Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the proportion of infertile women who are seronegative for rubella infection and to assess the need for vaccination against rubella before pregnancy.Methods: The observational study included three hundred and eighty infertile women who had their venous blood tested for anti-rubella antibodies as part ofpreconceptional preparation. Data was analyzed to estimate seronegativity and the need for vaccination.Results: A total of 55 (14.4%) women were seron­egative for rubella and had to be vaccinated. The seronegativity decreased with age . The proportion of seronegativity was higher in those women who were professionals, had higher level of education and monthly income.Conclusion: A significant proporion of women in reproductive age does not acquire natural immunity against rubella and needs vacci­nation before pregnancy.
Increased frequency of positive antithyroid antibody in nodular goiter
Authors: Emran Md. Shah , Hasanat M.A. , Hassan Md. Qamrul , Saleh Ahmed Abu , Khan Murshed Ahamed , Hossain Anwar , Mustari Marufa , Akter Farhana , Jahan Nasrin , Uddin Md. Farid
Published: July 2016

Background: Nodular goiter is mostly a benign thyroid tumor. A change of frequency of nodular goiter in areas with sufficient iodine intake has been documented in several reports. However, contrary to common belief it may also be associated with autoimmunity is being observed recently by many investigators.Objectives: To observe association between thyroid autoimmunity and nodular goiter. Methods: This cross sectional study included two hundred cases and one hundred controls. Clinically suspected nodular thyroid patients were confirmed by USG. Selection of healthy control was done after exclusion of nodule clinically and by USG. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire.Results: Frequency of positive anti-thyroid antibodies was significantly higher in nodular goiter cases, when anti-TPO and anti-TG considered together (42.5% vs. 25.0%; ?2=8.792, p=0.003) as well as individually (anti-TPO: 37.0% vs. 20.0%; ?2=8.955, p=0.004 and anti-TG: 31.0% vs. 9.0%; ?2=17.861, p<0.001) in the patients with nodular goiter than that of control. Conversely, there was no statistical difference between STN and MNG for antibody status when considered together (41.lvs. 42.5%; ?2=0.093; p=0.769) or separately (for anti-TPO: 34.2% vs. 38.6%; ?2=0.374, p=0.648 and anti TG: 27.4% vs. 33.1%; ?2=0.698, p=0.431). Also there was no statistical disparity for frequency of positivity of the two antibodies in STN (p=0.359) and MNG (p=0.167).Conclusion: Significant number of nodular goiter cases was positive for anti-thyroid antibodies.
Development Interventions and Agriculture Adaptation: A Social Network Analysis of Farmer Knowledge Transfer in Ghana
Authors: Cadger Kirstie , Quaicoo Andrews , Dawoe Evans , Isaac Marney
Published: July 2016

Social ties play an important role in agricultural knowledge exchange, particularly in developing countries with high exposure to agriculture development interventions. Institutions often facilitate agricultural training projects, with a focus on agroecological practices, such as agroforestry and agrobiodiversity. The structural characteristics of social networks amongst land managers influences decision-making to adopt such adaptive agroecoloigcal practice; however, the extent of knowledge transfer beyond direct project participants is often unknown. Using a social network approach, we chart the structure of agrarian knowledge networks (n = 131) in six communities, which have been differentially exposed to agriculture development interventions in Ghana. Farmer network size, density and composition were distinctly variable; development project-affiliated farmers were embedded in larger networks, had non-affiliated farmers within their networks, were engaged in more diverse agricultural production and reported adopting and adapting agroecological practice more frequently. Such bridging ties that link across distinctive groups in a network can expose network members to new and innovative agroecological practices, such as increasing agrobiodiversity, thus, contributing to livelihood strategies that mitigate environmental and market risk. Furthermore, we show that these knowledge networks were crop-specific where network size varied given the type of crop produced. Such factors, which may influence the rate and extent of agroecological knowledge diffusion, are critical for the effectiveness of land management practices as well as the persistence of agriculture development interventions.
Electron Impact Excitation of F-Like W LXVI
Authors: Aggarwal Kanti
Published: July 2016

Electron impact excitation collision strengths are calculated for all transitions among 113 levels of the 2s 2 2p 5 , 2s2p 6 , 2s 2 2p 4 3ℓ, 2s2p 5 3ℓ, and 2p 6 3ℓ configurations of F-like W LXVI. For this purpose, Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code (DARC) has been adopted and results are listed over a wide energy range of 1000 to 6000 Ryd. For comparison purposes, analogous calculations have also been performed with the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC), and the results obtained are comparable with those from DARC.
Forest-Cover Change and Participatory Forest Management of the Lembus Forest, Kenya
Authors: Kimutai Donald , Watanabe Teiji
Published: July 2016

Forests are a vital resource supporting the livelihoods of rural communities in Kenya. In spite of this significant role, human activities have put increased pressure on this resource, leading to continued forest-cover decline. To address forest-cover decline, the Kenyan government introduced Participatory Forest Management (PFM) through its Forest Department in the early 2000s, enabling local communities to form and register Community Forest Associations (CFAs). This study was conducted to examine the impacts of the PFM approach on the Lembus Forest-cover change. Three Landsat satellite images (Landsat 5 TM acquired on 9 January 1985; Landsat 7 ETM+ acquired on 1 February 2002; and Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) acquired on 1 March 2015) were used to analyse forest-cover change in the 1st period (1985–2002) and the 2nd period (2002–2015). In analysing the contribution of CFAs in conservation and management of the Lembus Forest, questionnaire sheets were distributed randomly to various residents living adjacent to the Lembus Forest; 327 valid responses were obtained from heads of households. The results of the land-cover change show a decrease in the percentage of forest-cover decline from 11.2%, registered in the 1st period, to 8.2% in the 2nd period. This led to the decrease of the annual rate of the forest-cover decline from 0.4 in the 1st period to 0.2 in the 2nd period. Three CFAs operate in this area, and 75% of the respondents participated in tree planting and 16% participated in tree pruning. This type of community participation is thought to most likely be the cause of the decline of the recent decreasing annual rate of forest-cover loss in the study area. Conversely, we found out that important initiatives, such as a forest patrol, had not been implemented due to lack of funding, and that CFAs and Kenya Forest Service had not yet signed any management agreement.
Potential Use of Gamma-Irradiated Ethnic Ready-to-Eat Foods to Improve the Nutritional Status of Landslide Victims
Authors: Koenari Zubaidah , Siagian Carmen , Simanungkalit Bona , Nilatany Asti , Pratama Indra , Lasmawati Deudeu , Nurcahya Cecep
Published: July 2016

The safety and high quality of ethnic ready-to-eat foods as a source of nourishment and food supplies chain to the remote areas become particularly important. Consuming healthy and balanced nutritional foods means eating better quality foods in proper quantities. Such foods can be developed through a preservation technique by using ionizing radiation. Although implementation of the technology for certain foodstuffs has been implemented in some countries, application of the process to a complete set of meals for selected target groups is still very limited. The various recipes of ready-to-eat food rations based on soy bean, fish, red meat, and poultry, were first developed in collaboration with medium-sized food enterprises prior to quality assessments. The products were individually packed and sealed either in a laminate pouch of Nylon-PE or polyester-aluminum foil-LLDPE and exposed to ionizing radiation at 8 kGy or 45 kGy, respectively, under cryogenic conditions throughout the process, to protect the essential dietary nutrients against free radical attack, and to reduce the undesirable chemical migration from packing material to the food and oxidative changes within the food matrix containing fats. The irradiated foods were stored at room temperature without impairing the overall quality. The high quality of irradiated ethnic foods, i.e., bacem tofu, pepes gold fish, rendang beef, semur beef, and semur chicken, have been administered through an intervention study on adult groups as landslide victims in Cikadu, Pemalang for 30 days continuously at breakfast time: 7.00–9.00 A.M. The results showed that body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), skin fold caliper (SFC) (mm), hemoglobin (g/dL), and total lymphocyte counts (%) of the targeted respondents did not tend to increase (at p ≥ 0.05) after consuming the irradiated foods, while the albumin content (g/dL) showed a significant increase in blood serum (at p ≤ 0.05). Sensory attributes, such as general appearance, texture, color, taste, and odor of such foods showed good evaluation by the respondents in order to collect more information regarding local culture and eating habits, as well as the general opinion about the irradiated foods. The irradiated ethnic ready-to-eat foods were generally well accepted by the respondents, though the cost-benefit of mass production were still of great concern.
Mesoporous WN/WO3-Composite Nanosheets for the Chemiresistive Detection of NO2 at Room Temperature
Authors: Qu Fengdong , He Bo , Guarecuco Rohiverth , Yang Minghui
Published: July 2016

Composite materials, which can optimally use the advantages of different materials, have been studied extensively. Herein, hybrid tungsten nitride and oxide (WN/WO3) composites were prepared through a simple aqueous solution route followed by nitriding in NH3, for application as novel sensing materials. We found that the introduction of WN can improve the electrical properties of the composites, thus improving the gas sensing properties of the composites when compared with bare WO3. The highest sensing response was up to 21.3 for 100 ppb NO2 with a fast response time of ~50 s at room temperature, and the low detection limit was 1.28 ppb, which is far below the level that is immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) values (NO2: 20 ppm) defined by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). In addition, the composites successfully lower the optimum temperature of WO3 from 300 °C to room temperature, and the composites-based sensor presents good long-term stability for NO2 of 100 ppb. Furthermore, a possible sensing mechanism is proposed.
Dry/Wet Cycling and the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Prebiotic Polymer Synthesis
Authors: Ross David , Deamer David
Published: July 2016

The endoergic nature of protein and nucleic acid assembly in aqueous media presents two questions that are fundamental to the understanding of life’s origins: (i) how did the polymers arise in an aqueous prebiotic world; and (ii) once formed in some manner, how were they sufficiently persistent to engage in further chemistry. We propose here a quantitative resolution of these issues that evolved from recent accounts in which RNA-like polymers were produced in evaporation/rehydration cycles. The equilibrium Nm + Nn ↔ Nm+n + H2O is endoergic by about 3.3 kcal/mol for polynucleotide formation, and the system thus lies far to the left in the starting solutions. Kinetic simulations of the evaporation showed that simple Le Châtelier’s principle shifts were insufficient, but the introduction of oligomer-stabilizing factors of 5–10 kcal/mol both moved the process to the right and respectively boosted and retarded the elongation and hydrolysis rates. Molecular crowding and excluded volume effects in present-day cells yield stabilizing factors of that order, and we argue here that the crowded conditions in the evaporites generate similar effects. Oligomer formation is thus energetically preferred in those settings, but the process is thwarted in each evaporation step as diffusion becomes rate limiting. Rehydration dissipates disordered oligomer clusters in the evaporites, however, and subsequent dry/wet cycling accordingly “ratchets up” the system to an ultimate population of kinetically trappedthermodynamically preferred biopolymers.
Marine Natural Product Inhibitors of Neutrophil-Associated Inflammation
Authors: Chen Chun-Yu , Tsai Yung-Fong , Chang Wen-Yi , Yang Shun-Chin , Hwang Tsong-Long
Published: July 2016

Neutrophils are widely recognized to play an important role in acute inflammatory responses, and recent evidence has expanded their role to modulating chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and microbicidal compounds released from neutrophils that are recruited to the site of inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple inflammation-associated diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis, and hepatitis. Marine organisms are a valuable source of bioactive compounds with potential for industrial and pharmaceutical application. Marine natural products that inhibit neutrophil activation could be used as drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Numerous studies investigating marine natural products have reported novel anti-inflammatory agents. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms underlying their actions, which could facilitate our understanding of the molecular events occurring in neutrophils, have not been reported in most of the associated research studies. Therefore, in this review, we will present marine products that inhibit neutrophil-associated inflammation. Furthermore, we will be limiting the detailed discussion to agents with well-investigated molecular targets.
A Spray-On Carbon Nanotube Artificial Neuron Strain Sensor for Composite Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Choi Gyeongrak , Lee Jong , Cha Ju , Kim Young-Ju , Choi Yeon-Sun , Schulz Mark , Moon Chang , Lim Kwon , Kim Sung , Kang Inpil
Published: July 2016

We present a nanocomposite strain sensor (NCSS) to develop a novel structural health monitoring (SHM) sensor that can be easily installed in a composite structure. An NCSS made of a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/epoxy composite was installed on a target structure with facile processing. We attempted to evaluate the NCSS sensing characteristics and benchmark compared to those of a conventional foil strain gauge. The response of the NCSS was fairly good and the result was nearly identical to the strain gauge. A neuron, which is a biomimetic long continuous NCSS, was also developed, and its vibration response was investigated for structural damage detection of a composite cantilever. The vibration response for damage detection was measured by tracking the first natural frequency, which demonstrated good result that matched the finite element (FE) analysis.
Proposal for the Evaluation of Eco-Efficient Concrete
Authors: Kim Taehyoung , Tae Sungho , Chae Chang , Lee Kanghee
Published: July 2016

The importance of environmental consequences due to diverse substances that are emitted during the production of concrete is recognized, but environmental performance tends to be evaluated separately from the economic performance and durability performance of concrete. In order to evaluate concrete from the perspective of sustainable development, evaluation technologies are required for comprehensive assessment of environmental performance, economic performance, and durability performance based on a concept of sustainable development called the triple bottom line (TBL). Herein, an assessment method for concrete eco-efficiency is developed as a technique to ensure the manufacture of highly durable and eco-friendly concrete, while minimizing both the load on the ecological environment and manufacturing costs. The assessment method is based on environmental impact, manufacturing costs, and the service life of concrete. According to our findings, eco-efficiency increased as the compressive strength of concrete increased from 21 MPa to 40 MPa. The eco-efficiency of 40 MPa concrete was about 50% higher than the eco-efficiency of 24 MPa concrete. Thus eco-efficiency is found to increase with an increasing compressive strength of concrete because the rate of increase in the service life of concrete is larger than the rate of increase in the costs. In addition, eco-efficiency (KRW/year) was shown to increase for all concrete strengths as mixing rates of admixtures (Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag) increased to 30% during concrete mix design. However, when the mixing rate of admixtures increased to 40% and 60%, the eco-efficiency dropped due to rapid reduction in the service life values of concrete to 74 (year/m3) and 44 (year/m3), respectively.
Wind Power Deployment: The Role of Public Participation in the Decision-Making Process in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Jami Anahita , Walsh Philip
Published: July 2016

A wider use of renewable energy is emerging as a viable solution to meet the increasing demand for global energy while contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, current literature on renewable energy, particularly on wind power, highlights the social barriers and public opposition to renewable energy investment. One solution to overcome the public opposition, which is recommended by scholars, is to deploy a collaborative approach. Relatively little research has specifically focused on the role of effective communication and the use of a knowledge-broker in collaborative decision-making. This study attempts to fill this gap through the proposition of a participatory framework that highlights the role of the knowledge-broker in a wind project decision-making process. In this paper, five illustrative wind projects in Ontario are used to highlight the current situation with public participation and to address how the proposed framework could have improved the process. Based on the recommended collaborative framework, perception must shift from the dominant view of the public as “a risk to be managed” towards “a resource that can be tapped”. The developers need to improve sharing what they know and foster co-learning around questions and concerns.
Immunological Evaluation of Recent MUC1 Glycopeptide Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Hossain Md , Wall Katherine
Published: July 2016

Aberrantly glycosylated mucin 1 (MUC1) is a recognized tumor-specific antigen on epithelial cell tumors. A wide variety of MUC1 glycopeptide anti-cancer vaccines have been formulated by many research groups. Some researchers have used MUC1 alone as an immunogen whereas other groups used different antigenic carrier proteins such as bovine serum albumin or keyhole limpet hemocyanin for conjugation with MUC1 glycopeptide. A variety of adjuvants have been used with MUC1 glycopeptides to improve their immunogenicity. Fully synthetic multicomponent vaccines have been synthesized by incorporating different T helper cell epitopes and Toll-like receptor agonists. Some vaccine formulations utilized liposomes or nanoparticles as vaccine delivery systems. In this review, we discuss the immunological evaluation of different conjugate or synthetic MUC1 glycopeptide vaccines in different tumor or mouse models that have been published since 2012.
THE PANCHROMATIC HUBBLE ANDROMEDA TREASURY. XV. THE BEAST: BAYESIAN EXTINCTION AND STELLAR TOOL*
Authors: Gordon Karl D. , Fouesneau Morgan , Arab Heddy , Tchernyshyov Kirill , Weisz Daniel R. , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Williams Benjamin F. , Bell Eric F. , Bianchi Luciana , Boyer Martha , Choi Yumi , Dolphin Andrew , Girardi Léo , Hogg David W. , Kalirai Jason S. , Kapala Maria , Lewis Alexia R. , Rix Hans-Walter , Sandstrom Karin , Skillman Evan D.
Published: July 2016

We present the Bayesian Extinction And Stellar Tool (BEAST), a probabilistic approach to modeling the dust extinguished photometric spectral energy distribution of an individual star while accounting for observational uncertainties common to large resolved star surveys. Given a set of photometric measurements and an observational uncertainty model, the BEAST infers the physical properties of the stellar source using stellar evolution and atmosphere models and constrains the line of sight extinction using a newly developed mixture model that encompasses the full range of dust extinction curves seen in the Local Group. The BEAST is specifically formulated for use with large multi-band surveys of resolved stellar populations. Our approach accounts for measurement uncertainties and any covariance between them due to stellar crowding (both systematic biases and uncertainties in the bias) and absolute flux calibration, thereby incorporating the full information content of the measurement. We illustrate the accuracy and precision possible with the BEAST using data from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury. While the BEAST has been developed for this survey, it can be easily applied to similar existing and planned resolved star surveys.
STRATEGIES IN SEISMIC INFERENCE OF SUPERGRANULAR FLOWS ON THE SUN
Authors: Bhattacharya Jishnu , Hanasoge Shravan M.
Published: July 2016

Observations of the solar surface reveal the presence of flows with length scales of around 35 Mm, commonly referred to as supergranules. Inferring the subsurface flow profile of supergranules from measurements of the surface and photospheric wavefield is an important challenge faced by helioseismology. Traditionally, the inverse problem has been approached by studying the linear response of seismic waves in a horizontally translationally invariant background to the presence of the supergranule; following an iterative approach that does not depend on horizontal translational invariance might perform better, since the misfit can be analyzed post iterations. In this work, we construct synthetic observations using a reference supergranule and invert for the flow profile using surface measurements of travel times of waves belonging to modal ridges f (surface gravity) and p
1 through p
7 (acoustic). We study the extent to which individual modes and their combinations contribute to infer the flow. We show that this method of nonlinear iterative inversion tends to underestimate the flow velocities, as well as inferring a shallower flow profile, with significant deviations from the reference supergranule near the surface. We carry out a similar analysis for a sound-speed perturbation and find that analogous near-surface deviations persist, although the iterations converge faster and more accurately. We conclude that a better approach to inversion would be to expand the supergranule profile in an appropriate basis, thereby reducing the number of parameters being inverted for and appropriately regularizing them.
CONSTRAINING THE AGE AND DISTANCE OF THE GALACTIC SUPERNOVA REMNANT G156.2+5.7 BY Hα EXPANSION MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Katsuda Satoru , Tanaka Masaomi , Morokuma Tomoki , Fesen Robert , Milisavljevic Dan
Published: July 2016

We present deep Hα images of portions of the X-ray bright, but optically faint, Galactic supernova remnant G156.2+5.7, revealing numerous and delicately thin non-radiative filaments, which mark the location of the remnant’s forward shock. These new images show that these filaments have a complex structure not visible on previous lower resolution optical images. By comparing Hα images taken in 2004 at the McDonald Observatory and in 2015–2016 at the Kiso Observatory, we set a stringent 1σ upper limit of expansion to be

yr−1. This proper motion, combined with a shock speed of 500 km s−1, inferred from X-ray spectral analyses, gives a distance of ≳1.7 kpc. In addition, a simple comparison of expansion indices of several supernova remnants allows us to infer the age of the remnant to be a few tens of thousands years old. These estimates are more straightforward and reliable than any other previous studies, and clearly rule out the possibility that G156.2+5.7 is physically associated with part of the Taurus–Auriga cloud and dust complex at a distance of 200–300 pc.
CONFRONTING STANDARD MODELS OF PROTO-PLANETARY DISKS WITH NEW MID-INFRARED SIZES FROM THE KECK INTERFEROMETER
Authors: Millan-Gabet Rafael , Che Xiao , Monnier John D. , Sitko Michael L. , Russell Ray W. , Grady Carol A. , Day Amanda N. , Perry R. B. , Harries Tim J. , Aarnio Alicia N. , Colavita Mark M. , Wizinowich Peter L. , Ragland Sam , Woillez Julien
Published: July 2016

We present near- and mid-infrared (MIR) interferometric observations made with the Keck Interferometer Nuller and near-contemporaneous spectro-photometry from the infrared telescope facilities (IRTFs) of 11 well-known young stellar objects, several of which were observed for the first time in these spectral and spatial resolution regimes. With au-level spatial resolution, we first establish characteristic sizes of the infrared emission using a simple geometrical model consisting of a hot inner rim and MIR disk emission. We find a high degree of correlation between the stellar luminosity and the MIR disk sizes after using near-infrared data to remove the contribution from the inner rim. We then use a semi-analytical physical model to also find that the very widely used “star + inner dust rim + flared disk” class of models strongly fails to reproduce the spectral energy distribution (SED) and spatially resolved MIR data simultaneously; specifically a more compact source of MIR emission is required than results from the standard flared disk model. We explore the viability of a modification to the model whereby a second dust rim containing smaller dust grains is added, and find that the 2-rim model leads to significantly improved fits in most cases. This complexity is largely missed when carrying out SED modeling alone, although detailed silicate feature fitting by McClure et al. recently came to a similar conclusion. As has been suggested recently by Menu et al., the difficulty in predicting MIR sizes from the SED alone might hint at “transition disk”-like gaps in the inner au; however, the relatively high correlation found in our MIR disk size versus stellar luminosity relation favors layered disk morphologies and points to missing disk model ingredients instead.
A COMPREHENSIVE CENSUS OF NEARBY INFRARED EXCESS STARS
Authors: Cotten Tara H. , Song Inseok
Published: July 2016

The conclusion of the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission presents an opportune time to summarize the history of using excess emission in the infrared as a tracer of circumstellar material and exploit all available data for future missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope. We have compiled a catalog of infrared excess stars from peer-reviewed articles and perform an extensive search for new infrared excess stars by cross-correlating the Tycho-2 and all-sky WISE (AllWISE) catalogs. We define a significance of excess in four spectral type divisions and select stars showing greater than either 3σ or 5σ significance of excess in the mid- and far-infrared. Through procedures including spectral energy distribution fitting and various image analyses, each potential excess source was rigorously vetted to eliminate false positives. The infrared excess stars from the literature and the new stars found through the Tycho-2 and AllWISE cross-correlation produced nearly 500 “Prime” infrared excess stars, of which 74 are new sources of excess, and >1200 are “Reserved” stars, of which 950 are new sources of excess. The main catalog of infrared excess stars are nearby, bright, and either demonstrate excess in more than one passband or have infrared spectroscopy confirming the infrared excess. This study identifies stars that display a spectral energy distribution suggestive of a secondary or post-protoplanetary generation of dust, and they are ideal targets for future optical and infrared imaging observations. The final catalogs of stars summarize the past work using infrared excess to detect dust disks, and with the most extensive compilation of infrared excess stars (∼1750) to date, we investigate various relationships among stellar and disk parameters.
A STATISTICAL STUDY OF GRB X-RAY FLARES: EVIDENCE OF UBIQUITOUS BULK ACCELERATION IN THE EMISSION REGION
Authors: Jia Lan-Wei , Uhm Z. Lucas , Zhang Bing
Published: July 2016

When emission in a conical relativistic jet ceases abruptly (or decays sharply), the observed decay light curve is controlled by the high-latitude “curvature effect.” Recently, Uhm & Zhang found that the decay slopes of three gamma-ray burst (GRB) X-ray flares are steeper than what the standard model predicts. This requires bulk acceleration of the emission region, which is consistent with a Poynting-flux-dominated outflow. In this paper, we systematically analyze a sample of 85 bright X-ray flares detected in 63 Swift GRBs and investigate the relationship between the temporal decay index α and spectral index β during the steep decay phase of these flares. The α values depend on the choice of the zero time point t
0. We adopt two methods. “Method I” takes

as the first rising data point of each flare and is the most conservative approach. We find that at the 99.9% confidence level 56/85 flares have decay slopes steeper than the simplest curvature effect prediction and therefore are in the acceleration regime. “Method II” extrapolates the rising light curve of each flare backward until the flux density is three orders of magnitude lower than the peak flux density, and it defines the corresponding time as the zero time point (

). We find that 74/85 flares fall into the acceleration regime at the 99.9% confidence level. This suggests that bulk acceleration is common and may even be ubiquitous among X-ray flares, pointing toward a Poynting-flux-dominated jet composition for these events.
EARLY EVOLUTION OF DISRUPTED ASTEROID P/2016 G1 (PANSTARRS)
Authors: Moreno F. , Licandro J. , Cabrera-Lavers A. , Pozuelos F. J.
Published: July 2016

We present deep imaging observations of activated asteroid P/2016 G1 (PANSTARRS) using the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) from 2016 late April to early June. The images are best interpreted as the result of a relatively short-duration event with an onset of about

350

−
30

+
10

days before perihelion (i.e., around 2016 February 10), starting sharply and decreasing with

24

−
7

+
10

days (HWHM). The results of the modeling imply that the emission of ∼1.7 × 107 kg of dust, if composed of particles of 1 μm to 1 cm in radius, is distributed following a power law of index −3 and having a geometric albedo of 0.15. A detailed fitting of a conspicuous westward feature in the head of the comet-like object indicates that a significant fraction of the dust was ejected along a privileged direction right at the beginning of the event, which suggests that the parent body has possibly suffered an impact followed by a partial or total disruption. From the limiting magnitude reachable with the instrumental setup, and assuming a geometric albedo of 0.15 for the parent body, an upper limit for the size of possible fragment debris of ∼50 m in radius is derived.
CONSTRUCTING POLYNOMIAL SPECTRAL MODELS FOR STARS
Authors: Rix Hans-Walter , Ting (丁源森) Yuan-Sen , Conroy Charlie , Hogg David W.
Published: July 2016

Stellar spectra depend on the stellar parameters and on dozens of photospheric elemental abundances. Simultaneous fitting of these



∼ 10–40 model labels to observed spectra has been deemed unfeasible because the number of ab initio spectral model grid calculations scales exponentially with



. We suggest instead the construction of a polynomial spectral model (PSM) of order



for the model flux at each wavelength. Building this approximation requires a minimum of only


+




calculations: e.g., a quadratic spectral model (


=
2

) to fit


=
20

labels simultaneously can be constructed from as few as 231 ab initio spectral model calculations; in practice, a somewhat larger number (∼300–1000) of randomly chosen models lead to a better performing PSM. Such a PSM can be a good approximation only over a portion of label space, which will vary case-by-case. Yet, taking the APOGEE survey as an example, a single quadratic PSM provides a remarkably good approximation to the exact ab initio spectral models across much of this survey: for random labels within that survey the PSM approximates the flux to within 10−3 and recovers the abundances to within ∼0.02 dex rms of the exact models. This enormous speed-up enables the simultaneous many-label fitting of spectra with computationally expensive ab initio models for stellar spectra, such as non-LTE models. A PSM also enables the simultaneous fitting of observational parameters, such as the spectrum’s continuum or line-spread function.
Metal in Total Hip Arthroplasty: Wear Particles, Biology, and Diagnosis
Authors: Amanatullah Derek F. , Sucher Mark G. , Bonadurer George F. , Pereira Gavin C. , Taunton Michael J.
Published: July 2016

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been performed for nearly 50 years. Between 2006 and 2012, more than 600,000 metal-on-metal THA procedures were performed in the United States. This article reviews the production of metal wear debris in a metal-on-metal articulation and the interaction of cobalt and chromium ions that ultimately led to a dramatic decline in the use of metal-on-metal THA articulations. Additionally, the article reviews mechanisms of metal wear, the biologic reaction to cobalt and chromium ions, the clinical presentation of failing metal-on-metal articulations, and current diagnostic strategies. Further, the article discusses the use of inflammatory markers, metal ion levels, radiographs, metal artifact reduction sequence magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound for failed metal-on-metal THA procedures. When adopting new technologies, orthopedic surgeons must weigh the potential increased benefits against the possibility of new mechanisms of failure. Metal-on-metal bearings are a prime example of the give and take between innovation and clinical results, especially in the setting of an already successful procedure such as THA. [Orthopedics.2016; 39(6):371–379.]
Accuracy and Reproducibility of the Femoral Tunnel With Different Viewing Techniques in the ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Ahn Jin Hwan , Lee Yong Seuk , Ko Taeg Su , Shin Joung Youp
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of the femoral tunnel location among 3 different viewing techniques used during outside-in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with 3- dimensional (3-D) computed tomography (CT): (1) an anterolateral (AL) or anteromedial (AM) portal with a 30° arthroscope (A group) vs (2) a posterolateral (PL) portal with a 70° arthroscope (PL group) vs (3) a trans-septal (TS) portal with a 30° arthroscope (TS group). A total of 106 patients undergoing outside-in ACL reconstruction were recruited. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to viewing technique (A group=36 patients; PL group=35 patients; TS group=35 patients). Femoral tunnel locations were evaluated with the quadrant method and the anatomic coordinate axes measurement (ACAM) method in the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle using 3-D reconstructed CT. The accuracy and reproducibility of the femoral tunnel locations were compared among the 3 techniques. The accuracy of the tunnel location was higher in the TS group by the quadrant method as well as the ACAM method. The reproducibility of the femoral tunnel position in the TS group was the highest, and the femoral tunnel locations of the TS group were more compactly distributed compared with those of the A and PL groups. The accuracy and reproducibility of the femoral tunnel location could be improved with a TS portal viewed using a 30° arthroscope. Anteromedial/anterolateral and PL portals viewed using a 70° arthroscope showed no difference. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(6):e1085–e1091.]