bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KESALAHAN MENYELESAIKAN SOAL MATEMATIKA DALAM MATERI MATRIKS PADA SISWA KELAS XI IPS SMA NEGERI 1 ENDE
Authors: Edo Maria Angelina Weo , Dhiki Yasinta Yenita , Meke Konstantinus Denny Pareira
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine: (1) mistakes have been made by the XI IPS grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Ende in solving matrix questions. (2) the factors that cause the XI IPS grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Ende in solving the matrix problem. (3) the efforts to solve students' errors in solving matrix questions in class XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Ende. This study used a qualitative research approach using triangulation of sources and triangulation of techniques. The research subjects were 15 students of class XI IPS 3. The consideration of subject taking is based on the results of the error analysis according to the Newmann procedure. Methods of data collection using diagnostic tests, interviews, and documentation. The results of the research are: (1) the types of student errors are errors in understanding the concept of matrix count operations, process errors in solving matrix problems, and errors in concluding. 2) the factors that cause student errors are, students, choose the wrong formula, are not careful in solving matrix calculation operation problems, students are afraid to ask the teacher, and students' assumptions that mathematics is complicated, causing errors in determining the final answer. 3) while the efforts made were learning using rainbow matrix media which proved to be effective in learning matrix count operations.
WASTE WATER SEPARATION IN THE FIELD OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCES
Authors: Валеев Сергей Ильдусович
Published: October 2021

Рассмотрены вопросы очистки нефтесодержащих сточных вод промышленных предприятий с малым содержанием легких примесей (около 1 %). Предложены пути по усовершенствованию конструкции цилиндроконического гидроциклона для выше описанного процесса. Проведенные экспериментальные исследования полей скоростей и давлений в цилиндроконическом гидроциклоне указывают на перспективность использования его для разделения нефтесодержащих сточных с невысокой концентрацией легких примесей.

The issues of purification of oil-containing wastewater of industrial enterprises with a low content of light impurities (about 1%) are considered. Ways to improve the design of a cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone for the above-described process are proposed. The experimental studies of velocity and pressure fields in a cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone indicate the prospects of using it for the separation of oil-containing wastewater with a low concentration of light impurities.
Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode
Authors: Stan Gheorghe , Namboodiri Pradeep
Published: October 2021

The open-loop (OL) variant of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) provides access to the voltage response of the electrostatic interaction between a conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe and the investigated sample. The measured response can be analyzed a posteriori, modeled, and interpreted to include various contributions from the probe geometry and imaged features of the sample. In contrast to this, the currently implemented closed-loop (CL) variants of KPFM, either amplitude-modulation (AM) or frequency-modulation (FM), solely report on their final product in terms of the tip–sample contact potential difference. In ambient atmosphere, both CL AM-KPFM and CL FM-KPFM work at their best during the lift part of a two-pass scanning mode to avoid the direct contact with the surface of the sample. In this work, a new OL AM-KPFM mode was implemented in the single-pass scan of the PeakForce Tapping (PFT) mode. The topographical and electrical components were combined in a single pass by applying the electrical modulation only in between the PFT tip–sample contacts, when the AFM probe separates from the sample. In this way, any contact and tunneling discharges are avoided and, yet, the location of the measured electrical tip–sample interaction is directly affixed to the topography rendered by the mechanical PFT modulation at each tap. Furthermore, because the detailed response of the cantilever to the bias stimulation was recorded, it was possible to analyze and separate an average contribution of the cantilever to the determined local contact potential difference between the AFM probe and the imaged sample. The removal of this unwanted contribution greatly improved the accuracy of the AM-KPFM measurements to the level of the FM-KPFM counterpart.
A EFICÁCIA DA LEI MARIA DA PENHA
Authors: Albertini Vitória Eugênia Guimarães , Guimarães Valeska Vandramim , Lezainski Robson De Oliveira
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo busca mostrar o conteúdo abordado na Lei 11.340 de 2006, mais conhecida popularmente por Lei Maria da Penha (LMP), o que a referida Lei assegura e o que realmente é disponibilizado para a realização do amparo legal. Para isso, faz-se necessário um breve histórico acerca das Constituições brasileiras bem como das primeiras formas e instituições criadas para proteger as mulheres e informações acerca da vida da principal motivadora da Lei, ou seja, Maria da Penha Mais Fernandes. Também, fazer analogias entre a Constituição Federal brasileira com a Lei em estudo e por fim, esclarecer de acordo com dados de fontes seguras sobre a eficácia da Lei Maria da Penha.
O DESAFIO DA UNIVERSALIZAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS FRENTE AO MULTICULTURALISMO
Authors: De Matos Givaldo Mauro , Silva Elaine De Oliveira
Published: October 2021

O trabalho tem por finalidade demonstrar os valores dos direitos humanos, pois, os valores são elementos de uma cultura ou civilização. É bem verdade que existem direitos humanos que são conceitos muito locais, a questão a ser discutida é sobre a sua universalização. Como ponto de partida apresentaremos duas teses importantes no âmbito dos direitos humanos, de um lado a tese do português Boaventura de Sousa Santos que trabalha uma relativização da importância da cultura, que devem ser julgadas a partir de critérios internos, de outro lado, o americano Samuel P. Huntington, com a teoria do “choque das civilizações” que diz que os valores são reconhecidos entre os povos, que apesar de que alguns povos não desenvolveram instituições práticas em torno desses valores, estes são preferíveis.
LEGISLAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO CONTEXTO EVOLUTIVO INTERNACIONAL E NACIONAL
Authors: Vieira Emanoelen Bitencourt , Rocha Mateus Do Carmo , Da Silva João Paulo Soares , Pereira Júnior Antônio
Published: October 2021

A legislação ambiental está relacionada diretamente as atividades humanas, e foi criada para reduzir as consequências dos impactos dessas atividades. Destarte, as preocupações ambientais estão atreladas aos problemas advindos de atividades antrópicas, discussão que tomou maior amplitude em eventos globais, com influências iniciais em países desenvolvidos. Nacionalmente, mesmo com regulamentações desde o Brasil Colônia, o direito ambiental foi consolidado a partir da Constituição de 1988, e ainda possui falhas, em especial na execução. Portanto, é necessário aprimorar a fiscalização e monitoramento dos órgãos competentes para reduzir falhas e alcançar os objetivos das leis.
ATUAÇÃO DO PSICÓLOGO SOCIAL EM UMA DELEGACIA ESPECIALIZADA À ATENDIMENTO À MULHER
Authors: Bandeira Lara Mayza , Paixão Heren Nepomuceno Costa
Published: October 2021

Este estudo pretende investigar as consequências psicológicas trazidas as mulheres vítimas de violência, em suas especificidades referindo-se a violência física, psicológica, sexual dentre outras como também a importância da atuação do psicólogo social diante dessa demanda, exercendo apoio, suporte necessário e imediato às vítimas de violência diretamente das unidades especializadas a atendimento à mulher, aborda-se também como surgiu às delegacias especializadas e a criação da lei Maria da Penha. A pesquisa bibliográfica realizada visou compor um quadro teórico necessário a análise dos dados contidos, a partir das pesquisas e escritas dos autores citados na pesquisa pode-se concluir que o psicólogo dentro de uma Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher tem a contribuir  para que as populações de modo geral, bem como os profissionais das delegacias visualizem de forma abrangente o papel do psicólogo, tendendo a preencher lacunas existentes e desenvolvendo políticas de atendimento mais eficientes e eficazes às demandas nesta instituição.
TRATAMENTO DE DADOS PESSOAIS – POR QUE PRECISAMOS SABER COMO OS NOSSOS DADOS PESSOAIS SÃO TRATADOS?
Authors: Martins Isabella Teixeira , Carvalho Marina Rubia M. Lôbo de
Published: October 2021

O referido artigo científico busca apresentar a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais – Lei nº 13.709/2018 e explicar como o tratamento de dados pessoais deve acontecer. Dessa forma, é apresentado como a lei surgiu, o conceito de dados pessoais, as formas de tratamento destes dados, o direito à privacidade e à informação, direito ao esquecimento e à exclusão de dados pessoais e a responsabilidade civil, segurança e boas práticas.
Desafío Diagnóstico
Authors: Vasquez Jahaivi
Published: October 2021

Paciente masculino de 6 meses de edad, con antecedentes personales patológicos de infección por SARS CoV-2 en diciembre de 2020.  Acude por cuadro de 4 días de evolución de eritema peribucal, prurito en ambos ojos, tratado de manera ambulatoria con levocetirizina sin mejoría. Presenta hiporexia, edema bipalpebral, lesiones ampollares y eritemato-costrosa en área peribucal, cuello y tórax anterior y posterior. Signo de Nikolsky: positivo en tórax posterior y cuello.
Caracterización metabólica de pacientes pediátricos con sobrepeso y obesidad
Authors: Coronado Pérez Ana Karina
Published: October 2021

Introducción: La obesidad afecta a niño y adultos, y se asocia con la aparición de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles, pero que se pueden presentar, incluso en edades tempranas de la vida. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, analítico de pacientes egresados del Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel y Hospital José Domingo de Obaldía, con diagnóstico de sobrepeso, obesidad; fueron estudiados 185 pacientes entre las edades de 2 a 15 años durante el periodo comprendido del 1 enero 2015 al 31 de diciembre del 2019. Resultados: Se encontró una frecuencia, en 5 años, de 4.6 pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad, por cada mil egresos hospitalarios. El 96% presentó obesidad y 4% sobrepeso. En individuos mayores de 10 años, 36.8% cumplían criterios de síndrome metabólico. Se encontró en las variables numéricas: IMC: 31.3Kg/m2, Insulina: 25.8uUI/ml, glucosa: 110.6mg/dl, HOMA: 6.1, dentro de este grupo se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la presión arterial sistólica / diastólica (p= 0.0002 / 0.0014), ALT (p=0.05), triglicéridos (p=0.0001), HDL (p= 0.0001). De los pacientes con síndrome metabólico 80% presentaban obesidad severa. En las variables categóricas se encontraron anormales: ALT 72.4%, colesterol 22.9%, triglicéridos 68.6% (OR=6, IC=2.4-14.97), LDL 28.6%, HDL 71.4% (OR:8.65, IC= 3.31-22.56), insulina 66.6%, glucosa 52.9% (OR= 7.87, IC= 2.78-22.27) y resistencia a insulina en 81.4%. El grupo de edad de prepúberes no está exento de presentar resistencia a la insulina. Conclusiones: En este estudio se encontró que las complicaciones metabólicas más significativas fueron hipertrigliceridemia, HDLc bajo e hipertensión arterial. La frecuencia encontrada está muy por debajo de lo reportado en la literatura. Es urgente el desarrollo de estrategias adecuadas de fomento de la salud, para promover cambios en los hábitos alimentarios y en la actividad física desde la edad infantil, con el objeto de formar conductas que permanezcan en el tiempo, como medidas preventivas de la obesidad y de sus complicaciones.
Riesgo nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas “Omar Torrijos Herrera”
Authors: Ho Urriola Judith , Bejarano Roderick
Published: October 2021

Introducción: La desnutrición intrahospitalaria tiene grandes implicaciones socio-económicas para los países. Sus manifestaciones dependen del grado, tiempo de evolución, déficit ponderal y edad del niño. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el riesgo nutricional de los pacientes hospitalizados en la Sala de Medicina del Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, pacientes de ambos sexos de 1 mes a 15 años de edad, ingresados a la sala de medicina del Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas en noviembre de 2014. Se aplicaron dos métodos de tamizaje nutricional, Screening Tool for Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics (STAMP) y Screening Tool for Risk On Nutritionational status and Growth (STRONGKIDS) y se estableció el riesgo nutricional de cada sujeto en estudio. Resultados: 147 pacientes participaron en el estudio. La edad promedio fue de 4,5 años (DE: 4,8), la mayoría eran lactantes (50,3%), con predominio del sexo masculino (56%). Se encontró desnutrición al momento del ingreso en el 12,8% y sobrepeso-obesidad en el 26,6%. STAMP clasificó al 18,3% de la muestra con riesgo nutricional elevado. Dicho método mostró una sensibilidad 57,8% y una especificidad del 87,5%. En cuanto a la prueba de tamizaje STRONGKIDS identificó a un 12,2% con riesgo elevado, con una sensibilidad de 47,3% y especificidad del 92,3%. La concordancia (k) entre STAMP y la evaluación nutricional fue de 0,38 y en el caso de STRONGKIDS fue de 0,41. Conclusiones: Podemos concluir que la prevalencia de desnutrición al momento del ingreso fue del 12,8%. Ambas pruebas de tamizaje nutricional mostraron una buena especificidad (>80%). El riesgo nutricional se correlaciona con las medidas antropométricas principalmente en STRONGKIDS.
Regreso a clases
Authors: Castaño Guerra Elizabeth
Published: October 2021

La posición de la Sociedad Panameña de Pediatría del regreso a las clases se expresa en su comunicado del 24 de agosto del 2021 a la comunidad “la SPP reitera que el regreso presencial a las escuelas es impostergable, pero bajo estrictas medidas de bioseguridad como higiene frecuente de manos con agua y jabón o desinfectantes que contengan al menos alcohol al 70%, uso de mascarillas cubriendo boca y nariz, mantener buena ventilación y distanciamiento físico mínimo de 1 metro. Que se deberá tomar en cuenta el comportamiento epidemiológico de la enfermedad en las diferentes comunidades.” Esta posición se refuerza con las estadísticas, el 90% de los docentes y administrativos escolares están vacunados, desde inicio de agosto 2021 se comenzó la vacunación en barrido de mayores de 12 años, el 60% de la población ha recibido al menos 1 dosis de la vacuna y un 36% las dos dosis, a pesar de la tercera ola los casos se han mantenido en descenso con la vacunación.Según la Unicef en su informe1, cerca del 60% de los menores en edad escolar de la región en Latinoamérica perdieron el año lectivo. Y dos tercios de los países donde la mayoría de los colegios están cerrados de manera permanente se encuentran en nuestra región. Unicef refiere que, en promedio, las escuelas en América Latina y el Caribe permanecieron cerradas durante 158 días, lo que supera ampliamente la media global de 95 días de cierre, mientras que Panamá es el país con mayor número de días sin educación presencial o semipresencial, 16 meses (480 días). Las escuelas, añade el estudio, solo estuvieron abiertas durante seis días en promedio entre marzo de 2020 y febrero de 2021 a nivel latinoamericano y a nivel mundial esa cifra es de 37 días. El Ministerio de Educación de Panamá (Meduca) prevé para el año 2022 el regreso a clases presenciales, una vez se alcancen las coberturas del 80% a finales del 2021 y seguirán las indicaciones del Ministerio de Salud. Pero debemos recordar que las escuelas brindan más que solo el aprendizaje académico a los niños y adolescentes no solo es leer, escribir y aprender materias como matemáticas, ciencias, español; los estudiantes además aprenden habilidades sociales y emocionales, hacen ejercicio, tienen acceso a internet, el uso del comedor escolar (que para muchos en Latinoamérica en las áreas de pobreza extrema representa su única comida diaria).La Academia Americana de Pediatría (APP)2 señala que las investigaciones han demostrado que la apertura de escuelas generalmente no aumenta significativamente la transmisión comunitaria si es implementado con el requerimiento de mascarillas y otras medidas de seguridad. Que la preocupación por el surgimiento de variantes de COVID-19 (como la delta) pueden aumentar el riesgo de transmisión y provocar un empeoramiento de la enfermedad, se ha visto que dada la efectividad de las precauciones de seguridad cuando se usan las mascarillas de manera constante, los niños corren un mayor riesgo de sufrir problemas de salud mental y retrasos en el desarrollo si se pierden el aprendizaje en la escuela.
INFORMATION-FLOW-BASED SAFETY EDUCATION (IFSE): AN INDISPENSABLE PERSPECTIVE ON SAFETY EDUCATION
Authors: Gao Kaixin , Zhou Keping , Liang Zhipeng
Published: October 2021

Any systems can be expressed by and connected with information. For the safety education system, doing so is essentially a process of safety information dissemination and cognition. Therefore, information is the core of the safety education system. At present, the key factors affecting the effectiveness of safety education are safety demand analysis information, the dissemination and cognitive processes of safety information and information feedback. Research on the construction of a framework model for safety education under the guidance of information flow clears and classifies information-related elements of the safety education process. Therefore, it is conducive to the construction of a safety education system to improve its management level and, through the rational use of information technology, to improve the conversion rate of safety information into safety behaviour. Based on a systematic review and comparison of the existing research perspectives on safety education and information-flow-based safety education (IFSE), this paper analyses the reasons why we need a new perspective on safety education. We introduce information flow into the safety education framework model. The fundamental and expanding elements of safety education propagation are examined and deduced based on information theory. Combined with the connotations of safety education and information flow, this paper analyses the implementation steps of IFSE and applies them to the safety education of new employees in metal and nonmetal mines. In the micro-design, virtual reality technology is used to integrate safety education content and information technology. A new perspective on safety education is created; then, the framework model of IFSE, its implementation steps and models of the processing and utilization processes of safety education are constructed. IFSE is a new perspective for realizing safety education in practice, and the framework model of IFSE provides rigorous theoretical knowledge. Of course, to improve IFSE in practice, more scientific and detailed evaluation methods need to be introduced. This paper is helpful for guiding the safety education theory research from “trivializes situated” to “systematic” and for guiding the design, implementation, assessment and optimization of the safety education practice.
Evolution of Elemental Abundances during B-Class Solar Flares: Soft X-Ray Spectral Measurements with Chandrayaan-2 XSM
Authors: Mondal Biswajit , Sarkar Aveek , Vadawale Santosh V. , Mithun N. P. S. , Janardhan P. , Del Zanna Giulio , Mason Helen E. , Mitra-Kraev Urmila , Narendranath S.
Published: October 2021

The Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) payload on board Chandrayaan-2 provides disk-integrated solar spectra in the 1–15 keV energy range with an energy resolution of 180 eV (at 5.9 keV) and a cadence of 1 s. During the period from 2019 September to 2020 May, covering the minimum of Solar Cycle 24, it observed nine B-class flares ranging from B1.3 to B4.5. Using time-resolved spectroscopic analysis during these flares, we examined the evolution of temperature, emission measure, and absolute elemental abundances of four elements–Mg, Al, Si, and S. These are the first measurements of absolute abundances during such small flares and this study offers a unique insight into the evolution of absolute abundances as the flares evolve. Our results demonstrate that the abundances of these four elements decrease toward their photospheric values during the peak phase of the flares. During the decay phase, the abundances are observed to quickly return to their preflare coronal values. The depletion of elemental abundances during the flares is consistent with the standard flare model, suggesting the injection of fresh material into coronal loops as a result of chromospheric evaporation. To explain the quick recovery of the so-called coronal “First Ionization Potential bias” we propose two scenarios based on the Ponderomotive force model.
A Month of Monitoring the New Magnetar Swift J1555.2−5402 during an X-Ray Outburst
Authors: Enoto Teruaki , Ng Mason , Hu Chin-Ping , Güver Tolga , Jaisawal Gaurava K. , O’Connor Brendan , Göğüş Ersin , Lien Amy , Kisaka Shota , Wadiasingh Zorawar , Majid Walid A. , Pearlman Aaron B. , Arzoumanian Zaven , Bansal Karishma , Blumer Harsha , Chakrabarty Deepto , Gendreau Keith , Ho Wynn C. G. , Kouveliotou Chryssa , Ray Paul S. , Strohmayer Tod E. , Younes George , Palmer David M. , Sakamoto Takanori , Akahori Takuya , Eie Sujin
Published: October 2021

The soft gamma-ray repeater Swift J1555.2−5402 was discovered by means of a short burst detected with Swift BAT on 2021 June 3. Then, 1.6 hr after the burst, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) started daily monitoring of this target for a month. The absorbed 2–10 keV flux stayed nearly constant at around 4 × 10−11 erg s−1 cm−2 during the monitoring, showing only a slight gradual decline. An absorbed blackbody with a temperature of 1.1 keV approximates the soft X-ray spectrum. A 3.86 s periodicity is detected, and the period derivative is measured to be 3.05(7) × 10−11 s s−1. The soft X-ray pulse shows a single sinusoidal shape with an rms pulsed fraction that increases as a function of energy from 15% at 1.5 keV to 39% at 7 keV. The equatorial surface magnetic field, characteristic age, and spin-down luminosity are derived under the dipole field approximation to be 3.5 × 1014 G, 2.0 kyr, and 2.1 × 1034 erg s−1, respectively. We detect 5 and 45 bursts with Swift/BAT and NICER, respectively. Based on these properties, this new source is classified as a magnetar. A hard X-ray power-law component that extends up to at least 40 keV is detected with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR). The 10–60 keV flux is ∼9 × 10−12 erg s−1 cm−2 with a photon index of ∼1.2. The pulsed fraction has a sharp cutoff at around 10 keV with an upper limit (≲10%) in the hard-tail band. No radio pulsations are detected during the DSN or VERA observations. The 7σ upper limits of the flux density are 0.043 and 0.026 mJy at the S and X bands, respectively.
Health Demand: Empirical Study of Effective Urban Households Demand in Indonesia
Authors: Ichwan Mohamad , Firmansyah Firmansyah , Jokolelono Eko
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Grossman's health demand model recognizes medical price as a determinant of the estimation model. This article aims to examine the role of medical expenses in health demand by utilizing the number of sick and disturbed days obtained from Susenas, a survey on the expenditure of household food and non-food consumption conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics to measure health demand and health insurance as a medical price in a reduction model. Health insurance can replace medical expenses because those who have health insurance face relatively low medical costs and face lower medical prices than those without health insurance.
 
METHODS: Using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation technique, sebuah teknik estimasi model regresi for 6,642 households this was obtained through three stages: First, using 71,932 sample households of susenas that relied fully on the Susenas sampling method by BPS; Second, find households that have experienced health problems during the last 6 months; Third, find households that have health expenditures of 24,341. Furthermore, the estimation model is based on 6,642 households identified to be in urban areas using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation method.
 
FINDINGS: The health demand estimation model that can be used to determine the behavior of health demand among urban households is limited to households with formal primary school (SD) education levels. Taking advantage of certain wages, age, cigarette expenditure, and sports expenses, it was found that the number of sick days and felt disturbed in the household group that had health insurance was 5.68 days relatively greater than those without health insurance. However, expanding to higher education and older age was found to be 1.47 days and 1.57 days. Aging tends to decrease good health and health insurance tends to increase it.
 
CONCLUSION: It was found that health stocks differed between insured households and households without health insurance in those with aging.
The Spatial Distribution of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Kabanjahe District, Karo Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Tanjung Risnawati , Mahyuni Eka Lestari , Tanjung Nelson , Simarmata Oster Suriani , Sinaga Jernita , Nolia Helfi R.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease and global concern today. AIM: This study aims to map the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis risk factors in Kabanjahe District, Karo Regency. METHOD: This research is an ecological study with a case-control study design. This research was conducted in Kabanjahe District in January - October 2020. All people who checked and declared to have tuberculosis based on clinical symptoms to be the population in this study. The sample size was calculated with a minimum sample size of 58 for the case group and 58 for the control group with a ratio of 1:1. The distribution pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis and environmental risk factors with the incidence of tuberculosis was carried out using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the distribution of cases. Spatial analysis used average nearest neighbor, overlay and buffer followed with logistic regression as multivariate statistical analysis. RESULT:  The distribution pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis in Kabanjahe District tends to group (clusters). GeoDa software found the relationship between population density and tuberculosis incidence in Kabanjahe District with p values 0.04. There is a relationship between income, ventilation, floor conditions, humidity, and lighting with the incidence of tuberculosis. Humidity is the most dominant variable associated with the incidence of tuberculosis.   CONCLUSION: The incidence of tuberculosis cases in Kabanjahe District is dominantly influenced by the humidity factor of the house which is increasingly at risk due to poor ventilation, unstable room temperature, and bad circulation.
Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation, Cooking Oil Fortification, and Nutrition Education to Postpartum Mother on Breast Milk Retinol Levels
Authors: Salam Abdul , Briawan Dodik , Martianto Drajat , Razak Thaha Abdul , Virani Devintha
Published: October 2021

AIM: The study aims to determine the effect of two forms of Vitamin A supplementation (dose of 2 × 200 000 IU and dose of 1 × 200 000 IU), Vitamin A fortified cooking oil and nutritional education on retinol levels of breast milk.

METHODS: A quasi-experiment design was used in this study with a total of 129 subjects divided into four groups; Group A (given 2 capsule of Vitamin A), Group B (given 1 capsule of Vitamin A), Group C (given cooking oil fortification), and Group D (given nutritional education). Retinol levels of the breast milk were measured 3 times (before, during, and after intervention).

RESULTS: There were no differences in subject characteristics in terms of age, education, occupation, parity, and nutritional status between intervention groups (p > 0.05). The average of breast milk retinol levels was 52.15 μg/dl at the beginning. At the end of the measurement, the average decrease in breast milk retinol levels was higher in Group D (−27.2 μg/dl), and the lowest was in Group C (−9.9 μg/dl). The results of statistical tests showed that there was no difference in breast milk retinol levels between intervention groups in before, during, and after the intervention (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Fortified cooking oil and Vitamin A supplementation (1 × 200 000 IU) tend to maintain normal levels of retinol in breast milk compared to Vitamin A supplementation (2 × 200 000 IU) and nutrition education.
Insect pests and their role as biocontrol agents on populations of Impatiens glandulifera in Bulgaria – a case study
Authors: Zaemdzhikova Gergana , Glogov Plamen
Published: October 2021

Based on data from available scientific publications, a review of the insects, trophically related to Impatiens glandulifera in its European invasion zone has been made. As a result, nine insect species (Pristerognatha fuligana, Deilephila elpenor, Xanthorhoe biriviata, Chrysolina herbacea, Siobla sturmi, Impatientinum asiaticum, Aphis fabae, Aphis nasturtii, Phytoliriomyza melampyga) were found on the invasive plant. Of the identified insects, seven species (D. elpenor, X. biriviata, A. fabae, A. nasturtii, C. herbacea, P. fuligana, P. melampyga) are widespread in the country, of which only two – C. herbacea and  P. fuligana are associated with I. glandulifera. The remaining two (I. asiaticum and S. sturmi) are not pre-sented in the Bulgarian entomofauna. Тhe potential role of these insects as agents of biological control of populations of I. glandulifera in Bulgaria has been assessed.
Resolving pitfalls in pit viper systematics – A multi-criteria approach to species delimitation in pit vipers (Reptilia, Viperidae, Craspedocephalus) of Peninsular India reveals cryptic diversity
Authors: Mallik Ashok Kumar , Srikanthan Achyuthan Needamangalam , Ganesh Sumaithangi Rajagopalan , Vijayakumar Seenapuram Palaniswamy , Campbell Patrick D. , Malhotra Anita , Shanker Kartik
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Asian pit vipers belonging to the genus Craspedocephalus are a complex group of vipers, distributed in South and Southeast Asia. Their taxonomy is unresolved in many lineages across their distributional range. Here, we reassess the taxonomy and systematics of pit vipers of the genus Craspedocephalus in Peninsular India based on extensive field sampling, in particular in the Western Ghats. We build and expand on the previous findings of genetic relatedness between the peninsular Indian lineages with the Sundaic clade (C. puniceus complex) with greater evidence, based on additional taxa sequenced herein. We reconstruct the phylogeny of the group using three mitochondrial genes and delineated lineages using coalescent species delimitation methods. We then used multiple criteria including genetic divergence and separation in morphological and geographic space to designate taxonomic units. Our work revealed the presence of a South Asian radiation of the clade Craspedocephalus, with a few Sundaic members. Our study reveals the systematic relationships of four Peninsular Indian species of Craspedocephalus, including Peltopelor macrolepis and C. strigatus, sequenced here for the first time, that are classified or confirmed as members of Craspedocephalus. Hence, we place the genus Peltopelor in the synonymy of Craspedocephalus. Using our multi-criteria approach, we delimit four new cryptic evolutionary lineages within the Western Ghats escarpment of Peninsular India. These cryptic lineages belong to the C. malabaricus, C. gramineus and C. macrolepis complexes and are geographically and/or ecologically (in terms of habitat association) distinct from their sister lineages across their distributional range, while others are separated in morphological space. Our new phylogenetic tree and delimitation analysis thus reveals the presence of multiple clades with several cryptic lineages separated by geographical barriers or habitat association.
ICT and Media competencies of teachers. Convergence towards an integrated MIL-ICT model
Authors: Gutiérrez-Martín Alfonso , Pinedo-González Ruth , Gil-Puente Cristina
Published: October 2021

This paper describes teachers' perceptions of their ICT and media competencies, and the importance they assign to these competencies in teacher training. A questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument based on UNESCO's proposals on ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and MIL (Media and Information Literacy). A total of 402 teachers and pre-service teachers took part in the questionnaire. This is an exploratory cross-sectional study where quantitative descriptive and correlational methodology is used. Findings reveal that the self-perceived competence of teachers is low and that the self-perceived level is always lower than the importance given to the corresponding competence. Greater importance is assigned to MIL competencies than to ICT competencies of teachers; this questions the tendency to prioritize technological and didactic training over media education training. It concludes with the need for a paradigm shift towards convergence in teacher training policies for the digital age, and a global model of teacher competencies in media and ICT (COMPROMETIC) is proposed that integrates MIL competencies with those of ICT teachers. The model is based on a double convergence: that of different literacies, and that of the resulting multi-literacy with the specific training of education professionals in ICT and media.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las percepciones de los docentes sobre sus competencias mediáticas y el uso de las TIC, así como la importancia que asignan a dichas competencias en la formación del profesorado. Se ha elaborado un cuestionario a partir de las propuestas de la UNESCO en TIC (Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación) y AMI (Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional) que ha sido respondido por 402 docentes y futuros docentes. El diseño del estudio es transversal de alcance exploratorio, que usa metodología cuantitativa de tipo descriptivo y correlacional. Los resultados demuestran que el nivel competencial autopercibido de los docentes es bajo y siempre inferior a la importancia que se otorga a la correspondiente competencia. Los docentes asignan mayor importancia a las competencias AMI que a las competencias en TIC, lo que cuestiona la tendencia de priorizar la formación tecnológica y didáctica sobre la mediática. Se concluye con la necesidad de un cambio de paradigma hacia la convergencia en las políticas de formación del profesorado para la era digital, y se propone un modelo global de competencias del profesorado en medios y TIC (COMPROMETIC) que integra las competencias en AMI con las de los docentes en TIC. Un modelo basado en una doble convergencia: la de diferentes alfabetizaciones, y la de la multialfabetización resultante con la capacitación específica de los profesionales de la educación en TIC y medios.
Engagement and desertion in MOOCs: Systematic review
Authors: Estrada-Molina Odiel , Fuentes-Cancell Dieter-Reynaldo
Published: October 2021

Massive and open online courses (MOOCs) satisfy learning needs from the particularities of their typologies (xMOOC, tMOOC, cMOOC, iMOOC, among others) even though their high dropout rate is still latent. Recent studies reaffirm engagement as an alternative to reduce dropout rates. The literature analyzed has not yet been able to systematize responses as to how to guarantee engagement in MOOCs and thus reduce their attrition rate. And, consistent with that question, are there still challenges for teachers in this area of educational technology? These answers motivated us to carry out this systematic review to determine how engagement has been studied to help reduce the attrition rate in MOOCs. Articles from journals indexed in Scopus or WoS were reviewed applying the PRISMA protocol. At the end of the protocol, it was defined to analyze 40 studies. The results reflect that the main variables are: the design of e-activities, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and communication between students. This paper confirms that the main challenges to guarantee engagement in MOOCs are individualized tutoring, interactivity, and feedback. Due to the scarcity of studies that analyze the variables in an integrated way, it is proposed as future work to determine what relationships exist between these variables that interfere with engagement and dropout in MOOCs.

Los cursos en línea masivos y abiertos (MOOCs) permiten satisfacer necesidades de aprendizaje desde las particularidades de sus tipologías (xMOOC, tMOOC, cMOOC, iMOOC, entre otras), sin embargo, es aún latente su alta tasa de deserción. Estudios recientes reafirman el engagement como una alternativa para disminuir los índices de deserción. La literatura analizada aún no logra sistematizar respuestas a ¿cómo garantizar el engagement en los MOOCs y disminuir así su tasa de deserción? Y, en coherencia con esa pregunta, ¿existen aún retos del profesorado en este ámbito de la tecnología educativa? Ello motivó a realizar esta revisión sistemática para determinar cómo se ha trabajado el engagement para contribuir a disminuir la tasa de deserción en los MOOCs. Se revisaron artículos de revistas indexadas en Scopus o en WoS aplicando el protocolo PRISMA. Al finalizar el protocolo se definió analizar 40 estudios. Los resultados reflejan que las principales variables son: el diseño e-actividades; la motivación intrínseca y extrínseca y; la comunicación entre los estudiantes. Se ratifica que los principales retos para garantizar el engagement en los MOOCs son: la tutoría individualizada; la interactividad; y la retroalimentación. Debido a la escasez de estudios que analicen de forma integrada las variables antes mencionadas, se propone como trabajo futuro, determinar qué relaciones existen entre estas variables que intervienen en el engagement y la deserción en los MOOCs.
Du riddim au bleep : soundsystems, battles et « blues »
Authors: Anniss Matt , Loncan Hervé
Published: October 2021

Join the Future de Matt Anniss est sorti chez Velocity Press en 2019 : ce livre raconte la naissance d’une certaine techno anglaise, à travers les villes de Sheffield, Leeds, Bradford et, dans une moindre mesure, Manchester. Son récit n’est pas une simple suite parfaitement construite de faits marquants racontés avec moult détails qui mettent en pâmoison les dance nerds dont nous sommes : il est surtout une proposition plus que convaincante d’histoire alternative de la house et de la techno britanniques. Aux côtés d’autres contributions récentes — comme l’histoire orale Bass, Mids, Tops de Joe Muggs — Anniss redonne toute leur importance à la diaspora caribéenne, à la culture soundsystem et à la basse, qui se localisent notamment dans les fêtes blues du Nord de l’Angleterre, avec leurs rencontres interculturelles et leurs clashes esthétiques. Les tubes « bleep » du Nord-Est de l’Angleterre, en parallèle des innovations ragga techno et breakbeat house à Londres, représentaient « la première fois que le Royaume-Uni [arrivait] avec sa propre version mutante et unique de la house et de la techno (ironiquement en y ajoutant des éléments dub reggae, dancehall, et hip-hop qui n’étaient pas d’origine britannique, mais qui ne seraient jamais passés dans le mix à Chicago et à Detroit 1 ) ». Dans cette région, les soundsystems de la diaspora caribéenne comme Ital Rockers faisaient résonner ensemble les effets psychédéliques du dub jamaïcain et les percussions alien de la house chicagoane. Dans le creuset d’un rapport intime aux diverses dance music permis par les blues, les quatre DJ-producteurs de Unique 3 allaient s’allier pour donner naissance à un style à la fois minimal et d’une puissance sonore scandaleuse, cette fameuse bleep techno qui ferait la légende du label Warp.
Remédiation orthophonique par la musique
Authors: Habib Michel
Published: October 2021

Quelles sont les particularités du cerveau des musiciens ; comment l’apprentissage de la musique est capable, par le biais de la plasticité cérébrale, de modifier durablement et structurellement le cerveau ? Ces données aboutissent à une notion qui apparaît de plus en plus centrale, celle de l’intégration multimodale des informations par le cerveau.
Remédiation orthophonique par la musique
Authors: Bolduc Jonathan , Grenier Chantal
Published: October 2021

Quel est l’apport de l’éducation musicale auprès d’enfants qui éprouvent des difficultés langagières ? En référence à la littérature scientifique, apprendre par la musique contribue à prévenir certaines difficultés d’apprentissage ou à y remédier. Par ailleurs, les activités proposées s’avèrent des moyens d’interventions éprouvés pour soutenir le développement de la conscience phonologique et les habiletés de lecture. Il reste que la musique est une avenue de choix pour tous les enfants d’autant qu’apprendre par le plaisir est toujours une stratégie gagnante.
Remédiation orthophonique par la musique
Authors: Lefebvre Pascal , Bolduc Jonathan , Guay Jean-Daniel
Published: October 2021

Les comptines ont un potentiel éducatif appréciable notamment en ce qui concerne la conscience phonologique. Après un rappel et une mise à jour des écrits scientifiques concernant les comptines, la conscience phonologique et les liens qui les unissent, les auteurs présentent les implications pratiques qui en découlent pour guider les praticiens qui veulent les utiliser pour prévenir les difficultés de lecture et d’écriture.
Remédiation orthophonique par la musique
Authors: Vander Linden Fabienne , Laroche Hélène
Published: October 2021

Ce chapitre s’intéresse aux tout jeunes enfants de 3 mois à 3 ans qui ne parlent pas ou présentent une hypoacousie. Il décrit très concrètement comment susciter l’éveil au langage et à la communication par des séances de stimulation avec les parents et l’enfant au cours desquelles la musique prend une place prépondérante.
Remédiation orthophonique par la musique
Authors: Frère Florence , Hoonhorst Ingrid , Iweins Lorraine , Jacquet Emeline , Van bastelaer Isabelle
Published: October 2021

Nathan est un garçon de 6 ans avec un avant et un après stimulation musicale. Il souffre d’un retard de langage et de parole dû à un désordre de l’organisation des éléments qui concourent à l’élaboration du langage et de la parole. Les autrices nous partagent les exercices musicaux proposés sur le chemin de sa rééducation. Chaque exercice est présenté en lien avec des objectifs précis et subtils.
Remédiation orthophonique par la musique
Authors: Wathour Justine , Derue Lucie , Barbet Coralie , Derue Anne , Deggouj Naïma
Published: October 2021

Pourquoi et comment proposer à des personnes sourdes qui bénéficient d’un implant cochléaire de chanter en chœur. Comment s’y prendre, avec quels résultats. Tels sont les propos de ce chapitre.
Interroger la promotion internationale de l’État de droit à l’aune de la détention avant jugement. L’exemple de la Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Fischer Bénédicte
Published: October 2021

Érigé comme standard international, toute l’historicité de la construction du concept d’État de droit a été perdue, au point de le concevoir comme neutre et déclinable en différents indicateurs. Or, la promotion de l’État de droit suppose bien celle d’un certain type d’État et d’une certaine conception du droit, particulièrement si sa branche pénale est considérée. Révélant ces impensés, les conclusions de l’enquête menée auprès de plusieurs centaines de prévenus en Côte d’Ivoire dessinent les contours d’un système pénal déconnecté à la fois des représentations sociétales, des normes pratiques mobilisées et de l’organisation administrative indispensable à son existence. Dans une dynamique de recherche-action, l’analyse croisée des données quantitatives et qualitatives collectées démontre en effet que la réécriture contemporaine des normes n’emporte aucunement une réflexion systémique sur le régime même de la détention préventive. Ainsi, mobilisant les préceptes de l’État de droit, la réforme pénale porte littéralement un projet amenant la transposition de standards décorrélée des représentations endogènes du droit et de la justice, sans considération de la réalité des mécanismes de médiation à l’œuvre localement. Enfin, l’attention focalisée sur la détention préventive permet de mettre en lumière le caractère paradoxal d’une réforme pénale dissociée de celle de ses soubassements administratifs.
La « double détention » : conditions et droits des détenus haïtiens dans les prisons dominicaines
Authors: Peirce Jennifer
Published: October 2021

En 2003, la République dominicaine a lancé une des réformes pénitentiaires les plus ambitieuses d’Amérique latine. Pourtant, malgré l’amélioration des conditions de détention dans ces prisons dites du « nouveau modèle », le traitement et l’expérience des prisonniers demeurent très variables. Environ 10 % des personnes incarcérées en République dominicaine sont des ressortissants étrangers dont une grande majorité d’Haïtiens. En raison notamment des différends diplomatiques sur le statut juridique des migrants haïtiens dans le pays, ces détenus sont confrontés à des défis supplémentaires, tels que le manque de documents légaux, la pauvreté, le peu d’accès aux services d’un avocat ou les barrières linguistiques. Le présent article se base sur des données collectées dans le cadre d’une enquête menée en 2017 et 2018 auprès d’un échantillon aléatoire de 1200 détenus répartis dans 17 prisons dominicaines. Plus de 100 entrevues ont été réalisées durant cette période. Après l’analyse des conditions d’incarcération des Haïtiens dans ces prisons, comparées à celles des prisonniers dominicains, l’article explore les obstacles ainsi que les opportunités que soulèvent les stratégies adoptées respectivement par les acteurs gouvernementaux haïtiens et dominicains en vue d’améliorer la prise en charge carcérale et judiciaire des prisonniers haïtiens.
Libye, anatomie d’un chaos
Authors: Bensaâd Ali
Published: October 2021

Comme le retour d’un autoritarisme aggravé en Égypte ou le rétablissement de l’ordre sur un mode sanguinaire en Syrie, le chaos qui s’est saisi de la Libye est une des incarnations de l’impasse à laquelle a abouti la vague de contestation du « printemps arabe » qui rétablit, souvent sous une forme aggravée, les cadres politiques contestés par cette révolte. Le « chaos libyen » s’inscrit dans ce processus global d’impasse du mouvement contestataire du « printemps arabe » et de ses effets-retours en régressions. Certes plus heurtée, la trajectoire libyenne dans les printemps arabes ne diffère pas fondamentalement de celles des autres pays et son échec se nourrit des mêmes ingrédients même si ceux-ci peuvent être plus exacerbés en Libye. Avant même qu’une tentative avortée de restauration autoritaire ne soit tentée par le maréchal Haftar, la transition avait pris le sens d’une restauration menée en interne dans le mouvement de contestation par des élites de l’ancien régime qui avaient pris un ascendant sur celui-ci. Sous leur houlette, la transition va être marquée particulièrement par l’évacuation de l’essentiel des questions politiques, notamment toutes celles liées aux questions de citoyenneté, y compris celles que le mouvement de contestation avait réussi à imposer et à faire admettre dans la société ou qui se sont imposées sur le terrain politico-militaire. Évacuées, la plupart de ces questions ressurgiront comme fractures qui se mueront en chaos. Cet article se propose de faire une chronologie et une analyse des faits ayant mené au chaos et de faire une « anatomie » de celui-ci.
Construction inachevée d’une monopolisation de pouvoir, l’ascension de Khalifa Haftar en Libye
Authors: Lazib Mohamed-Essaïd
Published: October 2021

Khalifa Haftar, Commandant général de l’Armée nationale libyenne (ANL) basée à l’est de la Libye, a été une figure centrale dans l’équation politico-militaire libyenne depuis son émergence en 2014. Un acteur armé non étatique parmi d’autres dans une Libye post-révolution fragmentée, Khalifa Haftar a bénéficié de soutiens tant domestiques qu’internationaux pour s’élever progressivement au rang d’acteur hégémonique, d’abord à l’Est, puis à l’échelle nationale.