bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal microfluidic platform for controlled culture and analysis of unicellular organisms
Authors: Geng Tao , Smallwood Chuck R. , Bredeweg Erin L. , Pomraning Kyle R. , Plymale Andrew E. , Baker Scott E. , Evans James E. , Kelly Ryan T.
Published: September 2017

Modern live-cell imaging approaches permit real-time visualization of biological processes, yet limitations exist for unicellular organism isolation, culturing, and long-term imaging that preclude fully understanding how cells sense and respond to environmental perturbations and the link between single-cell variability and whole-population dynamics. Here, we present a microfluidic platform that provides fine control over the local environment with the capacity to replace media components at any experimental time point, and provides both perfused and compartmentalized cultivation conditions depending on the valve configuration. The functionality and flexibility of the platform were validated using both bacteria and yeast having different sizes, motility, and growth media. The demonstrated ability to track the growth and dynamics of both motile and non-motile prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms emphasizes the versatility of the devices, which should enable studies in bioenergy and environmental research.
Dynamics of a single buoyant plume in a FENE-P fluid
Authors: Vajipeyajula Bhaskar , Khambampati Tejsavi , Handler Robert A.
Published: September 2017

The dynamics of a single laminar buoyant plume in a FENE-P (finitely extensible nonlinear elastic-Peterlin) fluid has been investigated by performing a series of direct simulations over a range of Weissenberg numbers. Examination of this flow has given insight into the heat transfer reduction phenomenon observed recently in more complex Rayleigh-Benard turbulence. The simulations, which were performed with a Rayleigh number of 2.53×106 and a maximal polymeric extension of L = 100, show that the wall heat flux is reduced by about 28% at a Weissenberg number of 20, which is in reasonable agreement with the results obtained in Rayleigh-Benard turbulence. In addition, the global flow kinetic energy was reduced by about one order of magnitude.
Study on variable pitch strategy in H-type wind turbine considering effect of small angle of attack
Authors: Zhao Zhenzhou , Qian Siyuan , Shen Wenzhong , Wang Tongguang , Xu Bofeng , Zheng Yuan , Wang Ruixin
Published: September 2017

Variable-pitch (VP) technology is an effective approach to upgrade the aerodynamics of the blade of an H-type vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT). At present, most of the research efforts are focused on the performance improvement of the azimuth angle owing to the large angle of attack (AoA). On the blade circular path of an H-type VAWT, there are two azimuth positions where torques are negative, and the performance is the poorest. The vicinity zones of the two azimuths also have low performance and greatly weaken the overall productivity of VAWT. In this paper, we propose a new technology that, unlike the traditional VP-technology, focuses mainly on the aerodynamics improvement of the azimuth position with small AoA. The purpose of this novel approach is to widen the band of azimuth positions with high performance and eventually enhance the power efficiency of the overall VAWT. The performance of the new VP-VAWT is predicted using the Double Multiple Streamtubes model and Prandtl's mathematics to evaluate the blade tip loss. Compared with the fixed-pitch (FP) blade, the VP-blade has a wider zone of the max AoA and tangential force in the upwind half-circle and yields the two new larger max values in the downwind half-circle. The new VP-strategy considerably narrows the two low-torque zones near the 0° and 180° azimuths and markedly widens the high-torque azimuth zone; the torque distribution appears in a trapezoidal shape in the upwind region and an M-like shape in the downwind region. The power distribution in the swept area of turbine changes from an arched shape of the FP-VAWT into a rectangular shape of the VP-VAWT. At last, an 18.9% growth in power efficiency is achieved. All of the above results confirm that the new VP-technology can effectively improve VAWT performance and also widens the highest performance tip speed ratio zone which makes the turbines capable of running with high efficiency in wider zones.
Radiation degradation prediction for InGaP solar cells by using appropriate estimation method for displacement threshold energy
Authors: Okuno Y. , Okuda S. , Akiyoshi M. , Oka T. , Harumoto M. , Omura K. , Kawakita S. , Imaizumi M. , Messenger S. R. , Lee K. H. , Yamaguchi M.
Published: September 2017

InGaP solar cells are not predicted to be susceptible to displacement damage by irradiation with electrons at energies lower than 100 keV from non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL) calculations. However, it is recently observed that InGaP solar cells are shown to degrade by irradiation with 60 keV electrons. This degradation is considered to be caused by radiation defects but is not clear. In this study, the kind of the defects generated by electrons at energies lower than 100 keV is found by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The result of DLTS indicates that the prediction of primary knock-on atoms by using the radiation damage model is different from the experiment. In order to suggest the generation mechanism of radiation defects, we propose a new displacement threshold energy (Ed) by using a new technique in which NIEL and the introduction rate of radiation defects are combined. The degradation prediction by using estimated Ed is found to agree well with the degradation of electric power of InGaP solar cells irradiated by low-energy electrons. From the theory of radiation defects, we propose a new obtaining process of suitable degradation prediction by the displacement damage dose method.
The dielectric signature of glass density
Authors: Rams-Baron M. , Wojnarowska Z. , Knapik-Kowalczuk J. , Jurkiewicz K. , Burian A. , Wojtyniak M. , Pionteck J. , Jaworska M. , Rodríguez-Tinoco C. , Paluch M.
Published: September 2017

At present, we are witnessing a renewed interest in the properties of densified glasses prepared by isobaric cooling of a liquid at elevated pressure. As high-pressure densification emerges as a promising approach in the development of glasses with customized features, understanding and controlling their unique properties represent a contemporary scientific and technological goal. The results presented herein indicate that the applied high-pressure preparation route leads to a glassy state with higher density (∼1%) and a reduced free volume of about 7%. We show that these subtle structural changes remarkably influence the dielectric response and spectral features of β-relaxation in etoricoxib glass. Our study, combining dynamical and structural techniques, reveal that β-relaxation in etoricoxib is extremely sensitive to the variations in molecular packing and can be used to probe the changes in glass density. Such connection is technologically relevant and may advance further progress in the field.
A microwave sensor for zinc corrosion detection
Authors: Rammal Jamal , Salameh Farah , Tantot Olivier , Delhote Nicolas , Verdeyme Serge , Rioual Stéphane , Gallée François , Lescop Benoit
Published: September 2017

This article presents a sensor based on zinc wires of different widths deposited on the surface of the ceramic resonator capable of detecting and following the evolution of the corrosion of the zinc material. Electromagnetic studies show that due to the evolution of the corrosion, the progressive degradation of the conductivity of the formed zinc grid (from 6 S/μm to 0.015 S/μm) causes a degradation of the quality factor (from Q0 = 50 to Q0 < 5), a decreased level of the coefficient transmission of the TE101 mode of the resonator (from -8 dB to <-35 dB), and a progressive frequency shift (230 MHz). Experimental measurements of this sensor in a corrosive environment show a gradual shift of the resonance frequency of the TE101 mode, a decreased level of the S21 transmission coefficient, and a degradation of the unloaded quality factor. Confirmed by electronic microscopy and X–Ray analysis, these variations are due to the evolution in the corrosion of zinc wires over time, leading to a creation of corrosion products in these wires.
Initial leakage current paths in the vertical-type GaN-on-GaN Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Sang Liwen , Ren Bing , Sumiya Masatomo , Liao Meiyong , Koide Yasuo , Tanaka Atsushi , Cho Yujin , Harada Yoshitomo , Nabatame Toshihide , Sekiguchi Takashi , Usami Shigeyoshi , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi
Published: September 2017

Electrical characteristics of leakage current paths in vertical-type n-GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) on free-standing GaN substrates are investigated by using photon emission microscopy (PEM). The PEM mapping shows that the initial failure of the SBD devices at low voltages is due to the leakage current paths from polygonal pits in the GaN epilayers. It is observed that these polygonal pits originate from carbon impurity accumulation to the dislocations with a screw-type component by microstructure analysis. For the SBD without polygonal pits, no initial failure is observed and the first leakage appeals at the edge of electrodes as a result of electric field concentration. The mechanism of leakage at pits is explained in terms of trap assisted tunneling through fitting current-voltage characteristics.
Incoherent population mixing contributions to phase-modulation two-dimensional coherent excitation spectra
Authors: Grégoire Pascal , Srimath Kandada Ajay Ram , Vella Eleonora , Tao Chen , Leonelli Richard , Silva Carlos
Published: September 2017

We present theoretical and experimental results showing the effects of incoherent population mixing on two-dimensional (2D) coherent excitation spectra that are measured via a time-integrated population and phase-sensitive detection. The technique uses four collinear ultrashort pulses and phase modulation to acquire two-dimensional spectra by isolating specific nonlinear contributions to the photoluminescence or photocurrent excitation signal. We demonstrate that an incoherent contribution to the measured line shape, arising from nonlinear population dynamics over the entire photoexcitation lifetime, generates a similar line shape to the expected 2D coherent spectra in condensed-phase systems. In those systems, photoexcitations are mobile such that inter-particle interactions are important on any time scale, including those long compared with the 2D coherent experiment. Measurements on a semicrystalline polymeric semiconductor film at low temperatures show that, in some conditions in which multi-exciton interactions are suppressed, the technique predominantly detects coherent signals and can be used, in our example, to extract homogeneous line widths. The same method used on a lead-halide perovskite photovoltaic cell shows that incoherent population mixing of mobile photocarriers can dominate the measured signal since carrier-carrier bimolecular scattering is active even at low excitation densities, which hides the coherent contribution to the spectral line shape. In this example, the intensity dependence of the signal matches the theoretical predictions over more than two orders of magnitude, confirming the incoherent nature of the signal. While these effects are typically not significant in dilute solution environments, we demonstrate the necessity to characterize, in condensed-phase materials systems, the extent of nonlinear population dynamics of photoexcitations (excitons, charge carriers, etc.) in the execution of this powerful population-detected coherent spectroscopy technique.
Tailoring Al-SiO2 interfacial work function using an organophosphonate nanolayer
Authors: Kwan Matthew , Winter Roy , Mutin P. Hubert , Eizenberg Moshe , Ramanath Ganpati
Published: September 2017

We show that introducing a mercaptan-terminated organophosphonate nanomolecular layer (NML) at the Al-SiO2 interface decreases the effective metal work function Φeff by 0.67 eV. In contrast, introducing a methyl-terminated organophosphonate NML has a negligible impact on Φeff. Photoelectron spectroscopy of NML-tailored surfaces and Al-NML-SiO2 interfaces indicate that Al bonds with oxidized mercaptan moieties form Al-O-S bridges, which determine the Φeff shift. Our findings should be useful for molecularly tailoring the electronic properties of metal-ceramic interfaces for electronics and energy device applications.
A study of some inherent causes for non-uniform microwave heating
Authors: Tsai Y. F. , Barnett L. R. , Teng H. H. , Ko C. C. , Chu K. R.
Published: September 2017

Radio frequency and microwave heating of dielectric objects is often susceptible to an excessive temperature spread due to uneven energy deposition. The exposure to a non-uniform field is a well-studied cause for this difficulty encountered in numerous applications. There are, however, some less-understood causes, which are inherent in nature in that they persist even in a perfectly uniform field. We present an experimental study on three main inherent causes with rice grains as samples. Experiments are conducted in an applicator, in which samples are irradiated by a 24 GHz microwave. High radiation uniformity (∼99%) and polarization control allow a quantitative examination of each cause. Their individual and collective effects are found to be highly significant. In particular, polarization-charge shielding alone can result in a temperature spread of ∼18.2% for the samples examined. Physical interpretations are given and an effective method for its mitigation is demonstrated.
Investigation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs degradation with gate pulse stressing at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Wang Ning , Wang Hui , Lin Xinpeng , Qi Yongle , Duan Tianli , Jiang Lingli , Iervolino Elina , Cheng Kai , Yu Hongyu
Published: September 2017

Degradation on DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) after applying pulsed gate stress at cryogenic temperatures is presented in this paper. The nitrogen vacancy near to the AlGaN/GaN interface leads to threshold voltage of stress-free sample shifting positively at low temperature. The anomalous behavior of threshold voltage variation (decrease first and then increase) under gate stressing as compared to stress-free sample is observed when lowing temperature. This can be correlated with the pre-existing electron traps in SiNX layer or at SiNX/AlGaN interface which can be de-activated and the captured electrons inject back to channel with lowering temperature, which counterbalances the influence of nitrogen vacancy on threshold voltage shift.
Exponential decay of matrix Φ-entropies on Markov semigroups with applications to dynamical evolutions of quantum ensembles
Authors: Cheng Hao-Chung , Hsieh Min-Hsiu , Tomamichel Marco
Published: September 2017

In this work, we extend the theory of quantum Markov processes on a single quantum state to a broader theory that covers Markovian evolution of an ensemble of quantum states, which generalizes Lindblad’s formulation of quantum dynamical semigroups. Our results establish the equivalence between an exponential decrease of the matrix Φ-entropies and the Φ-Sobolev inequalities, which allows us to characterize the dynamical evolution of a quantum ensemble to its equilibrium. In particular, we study the convergence rates of two special semigroups, namely, the depolarizing channel and the phase-damping channel. In the former, since there exists a unique equilibrium state, we show that the matrix Φ-entropy of the resulting quantum ensemble decays exponentially as time goes on. Consequently, we obtain a stronger notion of monotonicity of the Holevo quantity—the Holevo quantity of the quantum ensemble decays exponentially in time and the convergence rate is determined by the modified log-Sobolev inequalities. However, in the latter, the matrix Φ-entropy of the quantum ensemble that undergoes the phase-damping Markovian evolution generally will not decay exponentially. There is no classical analogy for these different equilibrium situations. Finally, we also study a statistical mixing of Markov semigroups on matrix-valued functions. We can explicitly calculate the convergence rate of a Markovian jump process defined on Boolean hypercubes and provide upper bounds to the mixing time.
Toroidal and magnetic Fano resonances in planar THz metamaterials
Authors: Han Song , Gupta Manoj , Cong Longqing , Srivastava Yogesh Kumar , Singh Ranjan
Published: September 2017

The toroidal dipole moment, a localized electromagnetic excitation of torus magnetic fields, has been observed experimentally in metamaterials. However, the metamaterial based toroidal moment was restricted at higher frequencies by the complex three-dimensional structure. Recently, it has been shown that toroidal moment could also be excited in a planar metamaterial structure. Here, we use asymmetric Fano resonators to illustrate theoretically and experimentally the underlying physics of the toroidal coupling in an array of planar metamaterials. It is observed that the anti-parallel magnetic moment configuration shows toroidal excitation with higher quality (Q) factor Fano resonance, while the parallel magnetic moment shows relatively lower Q factor resonance. Moreover, the electric and toroidal dipole interferes destructively to give rise to an anapole excitation. The magnetic dipole-dipole interaction is employed to understand the differences between the toroidal and magnetic Fano resonances. We further study the impact of intra unit-cell coupling between the Fano resonator pairs in the mirrored and non-mirrored arrangements. The numerical and theoretical approach for modelling the near-field effects and experimental demonstration of toroidal and magnetic Fano resonances in planar systems are particularly promising for tailoring the loss in metamaterials across a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
A numerical study of initial flow past an impulsively started rotationally oscillating circular cylinder using a transformation-free HOC scheme
Authors: Mittal H. V. R. , Ray Rajendra K. , Al-Mdallal Qasem M.
Published: September 2017

The initial development of the two dimensional viscous, incompressible flow induced by an impulsively started circular cylinder which performs time dependent sinusoidal rotational oscillations about its axis is investigated numerically. The investigation is based on the solutions of stream function-vorticity formulation of Navier-Stokes equations on non-uniform polar grids using higher order compact formulation. The numerical method is validated by comparing the computed results with existing experimental and numerical results for Reynolds numbers Re = 150 and 500. The effects of forced oscillation frequency f and peak rotation rate αm on the early development of the flow structure in the near wake region are discussed. Results are given for the initial development with time of the flow structure at the rear of the cylinder at Re = 200. The details of the formation, movement, closure points, and strengths of the vortices behind the cylinder are presented. The velocity profiles at different locations and vorticity profiles at the surface of the cylinder are also shown. The effect of increase in αm on the timing of the formation of the vortices, the closed wake length, and the thickness of the boundary layer is investigated.
Poloidal radiation asymmetries during disruption mitigation by massive gas injection on the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Eidietis N. W. , Izzo V. A. , Commaux N. , Hollmann E. M. , Shiraki D.
Published: September 2017

A comparison of radiated power poloidal peaking during disruption mitigation using massive gas injection at multiple poloidal positions on the DIII-D tokamak is presented. The two injectors are located poloidally above and below the low field side midplane and toroidally located within the quadrants to either side of the fast bolometry diagnostic used to measure the radiated power. Differing quantities of injected neon are compared. A strong dependence of impurity poloidal flows upon the injector location is observed. Injection from the upper half of the vessel results in strong poloidal flows over the top of the plasma to the high field side midplane, while lower injection exhibits far less pronounced poloidal flow that is oriented in the opposite direction. The poloidal location of both pre-thermal quench and thermal quench emissivity peaking shows a strong dependence upon the injector location, although the poloidal flow in the upper injection case results in a much broader distribution. The wall radiative heat flux mimics the emissivity, but the distribution is smoothed with lower poloidal peaking due to geometric effects. Thermal quench MHD appears to have little effect upon the poloidal phase of maximum emissivity in experiment or modeling, which can be attributed to the slower parallel transport of impurities along field lines in the poloidal versus toroidal direction. Poloidal peaking factors of ≤1.6 and ≤2.2 were observed for upper and lower injection, respectively. Under very conservative assumptions, the observed poloidal peaking factor will bring ITER near the melting limit for first wall stainless steel. However, further modeling is required to determine if those conservative assumptions are warranted.
Regulating power management in interconnected microgrids
Authors: Fathi Mohammad , Bevrani Hassan
Published: September 2017

An effective regulating power management is needed in next generation interconnected microgrids to mitigate the effect of load-generation imbalance in the system. The objective of this paper is to present a two-stage regulating power management scheme in an interconnected microgrid (MG) system. First, in a day-ahead power management, the power generation set-points are determined in the individual MGs considering predicted demand and power from renewable energy sources. Second, in a real-time regulating power management, a network operator establishes a set of power flow interactions among MGs to mitigate the load-generation imbalances in MGs. These interactions are obtained using a convex multi-constraint optimization problem and a cooperative developed algorithm. A simple suboptimal greedy solution is also proposed. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed real-time regulating power management in cooperation with day-ahead scheduling to reduce the system load-generation imbalance, in comparison with conventional power resources.
High temperature degradation mechanism of a red phosphor, CaAlSiN3:Eu for solid-state lighting
Authors: Oishi Masatsugu , Shiomi Shohei , Yamamoto Takashi , Ueki Tomoyuki , Kai Yoichiro , Chichibu Shigefusa F. , Takatori Aiko , Kojima Kazunobu
Published: September 2017

Thermal properties of a red phosphor CaAlSiN3:Eu (CASN) at elevated temperatures were evaluated. A heat treatment at 800 °C degraded the photoluminescence property of CASN and caused irreversible changes in both the excitation and emission intensities. The heat treatment in air simultaneously decreased the N elements and increased the O elements. Consequently, the Eu2+ luminescence center was oxidized and CASN lost its photoluminescence property. Although the crystal structure of CASN host was stable even after the heat treatments, the local structure change around the Eu2+ ions is the origin of the thermal degradation of CASN. We found that the heat treatment in N2 atmosphere suppresses the thermal degradation. This is due to the suppression of N evolutions and the incorporation of O elements, which sustains the optically active Eu2+ state.
Temperature-dependent Raman spectra and thermal conductivity of multi-walled MoS2 nanotubes
Authors: Yu Dongqing , Li Siqi , Qi Weihong , Wang Mingpu
Published: September 2017

In this letter, we investigated the temperature dependence of the in-plane (E12g) and out-of-plane (A1g) Raman modes of multi-walled MoS2 nanotubes fabricated from anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The frequencies of these two phonon modes were found to vary linearly with temperature. In this linear region, the first-order temperature coefficients for the A1g and E12g modes equaled –(1.15 ± 0.06)×10−2 cm−1/K and –(1.11 ± 0.1)×10−2 cm−1/K, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the multi-walled MoS2 nanotubes at room temperature was estimated to be in the range of 4.8 ± 0.1 to 11.1 ± 0.2 W m−1 K−1.
Effect of metallic silver nanoparticles on the alignment and relaxation behaviour of liquid crystalline material in smectic C* phase
Authors: Vimal Tripti , Kumar Gupta Swadesh , Katiyar Rohit , Srivastava Atul , Czerwinski Michal , Krup Katarzyna , Kumar Sandeep , Manohar Rajiv
Published: September 2017

The influence of silver nanoparticles dispersed in a Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (FLC) on the properties of the resultant composite system has been investigated by thermal, electro–optical, and dielectric methods. We show that the concentration of thiol capped silver nanoparticles is a critical factor in governing the alignment of nanoparticles (NPs) in the host FLC. The orientation of NPs in composite samples affects the ordering of the LC (Liquid Crystal) phase and consequently changes the various phase transition temperatures of the host LC. Formation of self-assembled 2D (two dimensional) arrays of nanoparticles is observed for high concentration of dopant in the LC, oriented perpendicular to the direction of rubbing. We propose that the molecular interaction between the thiol capped NPs and LC molecules is the key factor behind such an arrangement of NPs. Orientation of NPs has affected the relaxation behaviour and various other material parameters, significantly. A noteworthy change in DC conductivity articulates our proposed idea of the formation of 2D array of NPs perpendicular to the direction of rubbing. This comprehensive study endorses the importance of dopant concentration in modifying the properties of the host LC material.
Perfecting the Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As interfacial electronic structure in pushing metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor device limits using in-situ atomic-layer-deposition
Authors: Hong M. , Wan H. W. , Lin K. Y. , Chang Y. C. , Chen M. H. , Lin Y. H. , Lin T. D. , Pi T. W. , Kwo J.
Published: September 2017

We performed interfacial electric and electronic studies of both in-situ and ex-situ atomic-layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 films on InGaAs. Self-aligned inversion-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) with a 1 μm gate length (Lg) from the in-situ sample have extrinsic drain currents (Id) of 1.8 mA/μm, transconductances (Gm) of 0.98 mS/μm, and an effective mobility (μeff) of 1250 cm2/V s. MOSFETs that employ ex-situ ALD-Al2O3 have an Id of 0.56 mA/μm, Gm of 0.28 mS/μm, and μeff of 410 cm2/V s. Synchrotron radiation photoemission reveals no AsOx residue at the Al2O3/InGaAs interface using the in-situ approach, whereas some AsOx residue is detected using the ex-situ method.
New blade configuration promotes peak power efficiency of vertical axis wind turbines
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: September 2017

Researchers’ variable-pitch technology design increases power efficiency in H-type wind turbines.
Cross-sectional study of area-level disadvantage and glycaemic-related risk in community health service users in the Southern.IML Research (SIMLR) cohort
Authors: Cross Roger , Bonney Andrew , Mayne Darren J , Weston Kathryn M
Published: September 2017

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to determine the association between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and glycaemic-related risk in health service users in the Illawarra–Shoalhaven region of New South Wales, Australia.

Methods
HbA1c values recorded between 2010 and 2012 for non-pregnant individuals aged ≥18 years were extracted from the Southern.IML Research (SIMLR) database. Individuals were assigned quintiles of the Socioeconomic Indices for Australia (SEIFA) Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage (IRSD) according to their Statistical Area 1 of residence. Glycaemic risk categories were defined as HbA1c 5.0–5.99% (lowest risk), 6.0–7.49% (intermediate risk) and ≥7.5% (highest risk). Logistic regression models were fit with glycaemic risk category as the outcome variable and IRSD as the study variable, adjusting for age and sex.

Results
Data from 29064 individuals were analysed. Higher disadvantage was associated with belonging to a higher glycaemic risk category in the fully adjusted model (most disadvantaged vs least disadvantaged quintile; odds ratio 1.74, 95% confidence interval 1.58, 1.93; P<0.001).

Conclusion
In this geocoded clinical dataset, area-level socioeconomic disadvantage was a significant correlate of increased glycaemic-related risk. Geocoded clinical data can inform more targeted use of health service resources, with the potential for improved health care equity and cost-effectiveness.

What is known about the topic?
The rapid increase in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), both globally and nationally within Australia, is a major concern for the community and public health agencies. Individual socioeconomic disadvantage is a known risk factor for abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM), including T2D. Although small-area-level socioeconomic disadvantage is a known correlate of AGM in Australia, less is known of the association of area-level disadvantage and glycaemic-related risk in individuals with AGM.

What does this paper add?
This study demonstrates a robust association between small-area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and glycaemic-related risk in regional New South Wales. The study demonstrates that it is feasible to use geocoded, routinely collected clinical data to identify communities at increased health risk.

What are the implications for practitioners?
The identification of at-risk populations is an essential step towards targeted public health policy and programs aimed at reducing the burden of AGM, its complications and the associated economic costs. Collaboration between primary care and public health in the collection and use of data described in the present study has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of both sectors.
Not just tea and biscuits; the Gold Coast Primary Health Network process of designing, implementing and operating a Community Advisory Council
Authors: McClean Jessica , Trigger Kellie
Published: September 2017

Consumers are fast being acknowledged as a critical voice in the creation of sustainable health systems, and their ability and willingness to participate must be kept in mind by those eager to engage them. Federal health reform in Australia has mandated the formal involvement of communities in primary care through advisory committees in the newly established Primary Health Networks. Although there is clear progression towards increased consumer participation in Australia’s health services, scope exists to improve the evidence base around identifying and implementing the most appropriate approach in different settings. Gold Coast Primary Health Network has drawn on the principles of deliberative participation to design, implement and operate their Community Advisory Council. Although functioning well, further work is required to evaluate the efficiency of this approach.
Patients' experiences of nurse case management in primary care: a meta-synthesis
Authors: Askerud Anna , Conder Jenny
Published: September 2017

The health system in New Zealand and Australia requires health practitioners to prepare for the challenge of long-term conditions. Wagner’s 1998 Chronic Care Model advocates a move away from the traditional acute model of primary health care to a model that addresses the long-term episodic nature of chronic disease. Nurse case management has been developed over the last 2 decades as a means to coordinate health services for people with long-term conditions. This meta-synthesis combines the results of 15 qualitative research studies that have a similar research question regarding peoples’ perceptions of nurse case management. The research synthesises the experiences of people with long-term conditions on the quality of care under a nurse case management model of primary health care. Over 1000 people were represented across the studies, and the results suggest that people had a high degree of confidence and trust in their nurse case manager, were better able to manage their health conditions with nurse case management support, and had better access to appropriate health care. This research suggests that nurse case management is an effective model of care and may contribute to improved quality of life and better health care for those with long-term health conditions.
Waterlogging and soil reduction affect the amount and apparent molecular weight distribution of dissolved organic matter in wetland soil: a laboratory study
Authors: Rouwane Asmaa , Grybos Malgorzata , Bourven Isabelle , Rabiet Marion , Guibaud Gilles
Published: September 2017

The release of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from wetland soils is an important pathway for the input of organic compounds into adjacent aquatic environments. In the present study we investigated, under controlled laboratory conditions, the quantity and quality of DOM released from a wetland soil subject to waterlogging and reducing conditions. Three soil redox conditions (oxic, moderately reducing and advanced reducing) were distinguished based on nitrate, ferrous ions and sulfate concentrations in soil solution. Under each redox condition, the quantity (dissolved organic carbon (DOC), humic substances and peptides plus proteins (P-PN) and quality (aromaticity; specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254nm)) and apparent molecular weight (aMW) distribution) of DOM were investigated. The results showed that soil redox condition affects the amount and properties of mobilised DOM. The rate of DOM release and SUVA254 values were highest during the transition from oxic to moderately reducing conditions, whereas both stabilised during progression to advanced reducing conditions. In addition, the mobilised DOM is expected to be more reactive because of an increase in polar substituents in aromatic structures between oxic and moderately reducing conditions. During the development of moderately reducing conditions, dissolved humic substances increased significantly, whereas their aMW distribution (between 500 and 6000 ) remained constant for each of the three different redox conditions. In contrast, the quantity of dissolved P-PN remained low and steady under the three redox conditions, whereas the aMW distribution of protein-like and microbial by-product-like compounds decreased during the development of reducing conditions (aMW of compounds between 100 and >100 000).
Color naming across languages reflects color use
Authors: Gibson Edward , Futrell Richard , Jara-Ettinger Julian , Mahowald Kyle , Bergen Leon , Ratnasingam Sivalogeswaran , Gibson Mitchell , Piantadosi Steven T. , Conway Bevil R.
Published: September 2017

Significance

The number of color terms varies drastically across languages. Yet despite these differences, certain terms (e.g., red) are prevalent, which has been attributed to perceptual salience. This work provides evidence for an alternative hypothesis: The use of color terms depends on communicative needs. Across languages, from the hunter-gatherer Tsimane' people of the Amazon to students in Boston, warm colors are communicated more efficiently than cool colors. This cross-linguistic pattern reflects the color statistics of the world: Objects (what we talk about) are typically warm-colored, and backgrounds are cool-colored. Communicative needs also explain why the number of color terms varies across languages: Cultures vary in how useful color is. Industrialization, which creates objects distinguishable solely based on color, increases color usefulness.
Exposure to seismic air gun signals causes physiological harm and alters behavior in the scallop
Pecten fumatus
Authors: Day Ryan D. , McCauley Robert D. , Fitzgibbon Quinn P. , Hartmann Klaas , Semmens Jayson M.
Published: September 2017

Significance

Seismic surveys are used around the world as the primary means to explore for oil and gas deposits. Almost nothing is known regarding the impact of these sound signals on marine invertebrates. In this study, the physiological and behavioral effects of exposure on a commercially important bivalve, the scallop, were quantified. Following a field-based air gun exposure regime, exposed scallops were found to have significantly increased mortality rates; disrupted behavioral patterns and reflex responses, both during and following exposure; and altered hemolymph biochemistry, physiology, and osmoregulation capacity. These results indicate that air gun exposure has a harmful impact on scallops and raises concern over the impact on bivalves, due to their global ecological and economic importance.
Cross-scale effects of neural interactions during human neocortical seizure activity
Authors: Eissa Tahra L. , Dijkstra Koen , Brune Christoph , Emerson Ronald G. , van Putten Michel J. A. M. , Goodman Robert R. , McKhann Guy M. , Schevon Catherine A. , van Drongelen Wim , van Gils Stephan A.
Published: September 2017

Significance

We show how small-scale (less than millimeters
2
) neuronal dynamics relates to network activity observed across wide areas (greater than centimeters
2
) during certain network states, such as seizures. Simulations show how macroscopic network properties can affect frequency and amplitude of ictal oscillations. Additionally, the seizure dynamic suggests that one neuronal function, feedforward inhibition, plays different roles across scales: (
i
) inhibition at the small-scale wavefront fails, allowing seizure activity to propagate, but (
ii
) at macroscopic scales, inhibition of the surrounding territory is activated via long-range intracortical connections and creates a distinct pathway to a postictal state. Ultimately, our modeling framework can be used to examine meso- and macroscopic perturbations and evaluate strategies to promote transitions between ictal and nonictal network states.
Arabidopsism6A demethylase activity modulates viral infection of a plant virus and the m6A abundance in its genomic RNAs
Authors: Martínez-Pérez Mireya , Aparicio Frederic , López-Gresa Maria Pilar , Bellés Jose María , Sánchez-Navarro Jesus A. , Pallás Vicente
Published: September 2017

Significance

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been found to constitute an important regulatory mechanism in RNA biology. Unlike mammals and yeast, no component of the m6A cellular machinery has been described in plants at present. Although the influence of the m6A cellular machinery has been suspected to occur in the plant virus cycle, it has never been proved. Here we have identified a plant protein with m6A demethylase activity (atALKBH9B) and demonstrate that this protein removes m6A modification from RNA in vitro. Remarkably, we found that m6A abundance on the viral genome of alfalfa mosaic virus is influenced by atALKBH9B activity and regulates viral infection. This study extends the vast repertoire that plants exploit to control cytoplasmic-replicating RNA viruses.
BPM-CUL3 E3 ligase modulates thermotolerance by facilitating negative regulatory domain-mediated degradation of DREB2A in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Morimoto Kyoko , Ohama Naohiko , Kidokoro Satoshi , Mizoi Junya , Takahashi Fuminori , Todaka Daisuke , Mogami Junro , Sato Hikaru , Qin Feng , Kim June-Sik , Fukao Yoichiro , Fujiwara Masayuki , Shinozaki Kazuo , Yamaguchi-Shinozaki Kazuko
Published: September 2017

Significance

DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 2A (DREB2A) is a key transcription factor for plant adaptation to drought and heat. DREB2A activity is strictly regulated via proteolysis mediated by the negative regulatory domain (NRD), although the molecular basis for this regulation has remained unclear for a decade. We reveal that BTB/POZ AND MATH DOMAIN proteins (BPMs), substrate adaptors for Cullin3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase, are the long-sought factors responsible for NRD-dependent DREB2A degradation. Through DREB2A degradation, BPMs negatively regulate the heat stress response and prevent the adverse effects of excess DREB2A on plant growth. Furthermore, we found the BPM recognition motif in various transcription factors, implying a general contribution of BPM-mediated proteolysis to divergent cellular responses via an accelerated turnover of transcription factors.
IgH isotype-specific B cell receptor expression influences B cell fate
Authors: Tong Pei , Granato Alessandra , Zuo Teng , Chaudhary Neha , Zuiani Adam , Han Seung Seok , Donthula Rakesh , Shrestha Akritee , Sen Debattama , Magee Jennifer M. , Gallagher Michael P. , van der Poel Cees E. , Carroll Michael C. , Wesemann Duane R.
Published: September 2017

Significance

B cells produce antibodies in the context of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) isotypes (e.g., IgM, IgG, and IgE). Each of these is generated either as secreted proteins or as membrane-bound B cell antigen receptors (BCRs). While much is known about how IgH isotype dictates effector function of soluble antibodies, the role of antibody isotype in the context of BCRs is not well defined. Here we demonstrate that the membrane-bound versions (mIg) of IgM, IgG1, and IgE are produced from their natural genomic loci in a hierarchal fashion, where mRNA transcripts for mIgM are always more dominant than mIgG1, which are always more dominant than mIgE, regardless of cell stage. These isotype-specific expression differences contribute to B cell regulation.
Amazon plant diversity revealed by a taxonomically verified species list
Authors: Cardoso Domingos , Särkinen Tiina , Alexander Sara , Amorim André M. , Bittrich Volker , Celis Marcela , Daly Douglas C. , Fiaschi Pedro , Funk Vicki A. , Giacomin Leandro L. , Goldenberg Renato , Heiden Gustavo , Iganci João , Kelloff Carol L. , Knapp Sandra , Cavalcante de Lima Haroldo , Machado Anderson F. P. , dos Santos Rubens Manoel , Mello-Silva Renato , Michelangeli Fabián A. , Mitchell John , Moonlight Peter , de Moraes Pedro Luís Rodrigues , Mori Scott A. , Nunes Teonildes Sacramento , Pennington Terry D. , Pirani José Rubens , Prance Ghillean T. , de Queiroz Luciano Paganucci , Rapini Alessandro , Riina Ricarda , Rincon Carlos Alberto Vargas , Roque Nádia , Shimizu Gustavo , Sobral Marcos , Stehmann João Renato , Stevens Warren D. , Taylor Charlotte M. , Trovó Marcelo , van den Berg Cássio , van der Werff Henk , Viana Pedro Lage , Zartman Charles E. , Forzza Rafaela Campostrini
Published: September 2017

Significance

Large floristic datasets that purportedly represent the diversity and composition of the Amazon tree flora are being widely used to draw conclusions about the patterns and evolution of Amazon plant diversity, but these datasets are fundamentally flawed in both their methodology and the resulting content. We have assembled a comprehensive dataset of Amazonian seed plant species from published sources that includes falsifiable data based on voucher specimens identified by taxonomic specialists. This growing list should serve as a basis for addressing the long-standing debate on the number of plant species in the Amazon, as well as for downstream ecological and evolutionary analyses aimed at understanding the origin and function of the exceptional biodiversity of the vast Amazonian forests.
Sirt7 promotes adipogenesis in the mouse by inhibiting autocatalytic activation of Sirt1
Authors: Fang Jian , Ianni Alessandro , Smolka Christian , Vakhrusheva Olesya , Nolte Hendrik , Krüger Marcus , Wietelmann Astrid , Simonet Nicolas G. , Adrian-Segarra Juan M. , Vaquero Alejandro , Braun Thomas , Bober Eva
Published: September 2017

Significance

This paper describes a mechanism of regulation of Sirt1 activity by Sirt7. Deacetylases Sirt1 and Sirt7 belong to the mammalian family of seven sirtuins, which play important regulatory roles in several biological processes such as metabolism and aging. We discovered that Sirt1 is able to augment its own catalytical activity by autodeacetylation. Sirt7 binds to Sirt1 and inhibits its activity. The biological importance of this regulation was revealed in the differentiation and maintenance of white adipose tissue (WAT). Sirt7 knockout mice contain a significantly diminished amount of WAT due to the increased Sirt1 activity and Sirt1 inhibition restores WAT in Sirt7 knockout mice.
Near-atomic structure of jasplakinolide-stabilized malaria parasite F-actin reveals the structural basis of filament instability
Authors: Pospich Sabrina , Kumpula Esa-Pekka , von der Ecken Julian , Vahokoski Juha , Kursula Inari , Raunser Stefan
Published: September 2017

Significance

The malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
actively invades host cells, using a mechanism that relies on the interaction of the motor protein myosin and actin filaments which serve as tracks. We determined the structure of stabilized
P. falciparum
actin 1 filaments at near-atomic resolution using single-particle electron cryomicroscopy. The high resolution of the structure allowed us to identify important positions in the filament that are essential for the temporal and spatial control of actin polymerization and play a pivotal role in host cell invasion, and thus infectivity. In general, our study provides important insights into the structural design of actin filaments.
Americans misperceive racial economic equality
Authors: Kraus Michael W. , Rucker Julian M. , Richeson Jennifer A.
Published: September 2017

Significance

Race-based economic inequality is both a defining and persistent feature of the United States that is at odds with national narratives regarding progress toward racial equality. This work examines perceptions of Black–White differences in economic outcomes, both in the past and present. We find that Americans, on average, systematically overestimate the extent to which society has progressed toward racial economic equality, driven largely by overestimates of current racial equality. Notably, White Americans generated more accurate estimates of Black–White equality when asked to consider the persistence of race-based discrimination in American society. The findings suggest a profound misperception of and misplaced optimism regarding contemporary societal racial economic equality—a misperception that is likely to have important consequences for public policy.
Macroevolutionary shifts of
WntA
function potentiate butterfly wing-pattern diversity
Authors: Mazo-Vargas Anyi , Concha Carolina , Livraghi Luca , Massardo Darli , Wallbank Richard W. R. , Zhang Linlin , Papador Joseph D. , Martinez-Najera Daniel , Jiggins Chris D. , Kronforst Marcus R. , Breuker Casper J. , Reed Robert D. , Patel Nipam H. , McMillan W. Owen , Martin Arnaud
Published: September 2017

Significance

Our study assesses the long-held hypothesis that evolution of new gene functions underlies the diversification of animal forms. To do this, we systematically compared the patterning roles of a single gene across seven butterfly species. Under a null hypothesis of gene stasis, each knockout experiment should yield directly comparable phenotypes. We instead observed a varied repertoire of lineage-specific effects in different wing regions, demonstrating that the repeated modification of a key instructive signal was instrumental in the complex evolution of wing color patterns. These comparative data confirm the heuristic potential of CRISPR mutagenesis in nontraditional model organisms and illustrate the principle that biodiversity can emerge from the tinkering of homologous genetic factors.