bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historia y Colapso
Authors: Leonardi Mnemo
Published: April 2022

¿Qué futuro es posible? Por un lado, uno digno de una ficción de Howard Phillips Lovecraft: una exterioridad rara que se introduce en todo, que sobreviene al miedo colectivo; una entidad totalitaria capaz de dominar la Tierra. Por otro(s) lado(s), el futuro fragmentado de Yuk Hui: mil millones de poemas milenarios de todos los rincones del mundo ensamblados con mil millones de dispositivos tecnológicos; una miríada de cosmovisiones ancestrales amalgamadas a una miríada de cienciaficciones..
Administración y gestión, fenómenos organizacionales en el eje del discurso social
Authors: Zarur Osorio Antonio Elías , Martínez Arenas Rafael
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo distinguir la diferencia entre administración y gestión. Los autores sostienen que estos conceptos son diferentes ya que una y otra representan elaboraciones discursivas con diferentes propósitos. El ejercicio lo realizan utilizando herramientas teórico-metodológicas del análisis organizacional, de la teoría de la historia y las propuestas de M. Foucault respecto del discurso, el orden y las verdades que se edifican en torno de los intereses del poder. La administración es, para los autores, un aparato instrumental de herramientas funcionales que se estructuran conforme a los fines de las organizaciones, que permite conocer e integrar sus particularidades. Mientras que la gestión alude a una serie de ideas, a un código de valores propuestos desde el poder para dotar de legitimidad a la función administrativa, y que posteriormente, con el advenimiento del neoliberalismo, se instituyó en una forma ideológica predominante que ha permeado como visión de mundo a la formación social. Una y otra poseen un recorrido histórico que permite su comprensión.
Problemas y agenda de investigación organizacionales de la Agencia Mexicana de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo
Authors: De la Rosa Alburquerque Ayuzabet , Pérez Camacho Magali , Contreras Manrique Julio César , Hernández Magallón Arturo
Published: April 2022

Trabajo en el que los autores sostienen que la política pública, las organizaciones y las relaciones entre éstas pueden entenderse como fenómenos organizacionales y por tanto ser estudiadas desde la perspectiva organizacional. El trabajo aborda cuestiones esenciales para la comprensión de la Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (CID), posteriormente la CID en México y la constitución de la AMEXCID, concebida como organización y, por lo tanto, como objeto de estudio de carácter organizacional. Posteriormente plantean algunas problemáticas organizacionales de la AMEXCID. Este capítulo, al esforzarse en demostrar que AMEXCID es una organización y por tanto debe ser estudiada bajo el paraguas de los estudios organizacionales, se inscribe en la línea de investigación Teoría y Estudio de las Organizaciones, la cual estudia los desarrollos teórico-conceptuales de la teoría de la organización y los estudios organizacionales para contribuir al desarrollo de una perspectiva del estudio de las organizaciones.
John Keats as a Critic: A New Approach
Authors:   Vidya Publications, Patna, Bihar, India, Priydarshi Ashok Kumar
Published: April 2022

Romantic literary criticism in English literature is basically associated with and dominated by the writings of William Wordsworth in his ‘Preface to Lyrical Ballads’ (1800) and Coleridge in his ‘Biographia Literaria’. Apart from them, PB Shelly, Hazlitt, De Quincy and John Keats also contributed to the development of criticism in the Romantic period.
Reconstruction of multimodal aesthetic critical discourse analysis framework
Authors: Mei Dong
Published: April 2022

The paper starts with a theoretical discussion of the possible introduction of aesthetic linguistics into the research field of multimodal critical discourse analysis for analysing tourist news of two modalities: visual and text. Thanks to the successful stories of analysis concerning aesthetic linguistics, systemic functional grammar and visual grammar; first, a framework of multimodal aesthetic critical discourse analysis is carefully redesigned based on multimodal aesthetic critical discourse analysis framework of version 1, originally designed for the same purpose. Then, the validity of the reconstructed framework is verified via analysing a piece of Shannxi tourist news with it. The result indicated that the multimodal aesthetic critical discourse analysis framework re-designed in this paper is of practical significance and can be applied to the analysis of news of multiple modalities.
Amulets, Gaming Pieces, Toys or Offerings? Thoughts on Animal Figurines and Funerary Practices in the Late Bronze Age Aegean
Authors: Phialon Laetitia
Published: April 2022

The assemblage of four cones (ivory, stone) and an astragalus marked with dots from Katsambas in Crete is so far the best evidence of gaming pieces uncovered in an Aegean tomb of the Late Bronze Age. A small faience animal associated with the same burial, that of a child, attracted however little attention, and raises the question whether it may be added as a possible game piece to this set. Although this holed piece was certainly used as a personal ornament or amulet, this paper gives the opportunity to review the functions of small faience, stone and ivory animal figurines in the Aegean, especially the couchant ones. It also introduces the notion of chance and fate linked to playing on the basis of cross-cultural comparisons in the Eastern Mediterranean. Additionally, the hypothesis that small standing terracotta quadrupeds may have initially served as toys before having functioned as votive or funerary offerings in Aegean cult places and tombs is further explored. Special interest is shown on Mycenaean funerary assemblages from Prosymna in the Argolid and Perati in Attica featuring small terracotta animals and cone shells, inasmuch as these objects may be seen as potential toys and gaming pieces.
Pavement Designs and Game Boards from Public Spaces of Ancient Athens: A Review Across the Board
Authors: Carè Barbara
Published: April 2022

The paper aims to offer significant new additions to the record of pavements designs known from archaeological contexts in the ancient Mediterranean, giving an overview of the patterns carved on marble steeps and floors in public spaces of ancient Athens. Given the problematic interpretation of carved outlines in ancient public spaces, the contribution focuses on features and locations of these patterns in the attempt to provide identification of actual game boards, contextualize them and propose their plausible chronological setting. The need to more fully understand the social and cultural dimension of play in ancient societies is now crucial to archaeological research; this paper is also offered as a contribution to approaching that understanding.
The Knucklebone and the Goose: Playing and Jeopardy for the Boy of Lilaia
Authors: Ignatiadou Despina , Papaikonomou Irini-Despina , Poupaki Irini
Published: April 2022

A particularly beautiful marble statue of a boy, a dedication unearthed in Lilaia, Phokis, and on display in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, is an opportunity for us to explore the connection between the boys’ games and the jeopardy in their outcome. Both the expression on the boy’s face and the way he holds an astragal and a goose demand multiple levels of reading. These are related to the intent of the dedication in the first place, the identification of the games requiring an astragal or involving a goose, as well as to the choice of these specific playthings for the particular imagery. Why is he holding a single astragal, and in such a particular way? Why is the goose included in the picture, and what species of Anatidae is this? The apparent originality of the motif and of the work, in comparison with other well-known Hellenistic representations in stone or terracotta, dictated our research into the milieu of artistic and symbolic quests of that period, and also a reflection on the choice of the artist to designate a child as the owner of the playthings within a particular spatial and temporal context, perhaps associated with healing frοm a life-threatening fever.
Corporate Tax Aggressiveness and Corporate Investment Expenditure in Nigeria and Ghana
Authors: Osegbue Ifeanyi Francis , Obasi John Ogbonnia , John-Akamelu Chitom Racheal , Nwoye Chizoba Mary
Published: April 2022

This paper analyzes the effect of cash flow from corporate tax aggressiveness on corporate investment expenditure in Nigeria and Ghana from 2010 to 2017. The sampled outcome is measured by estimating pooled ordinary least squares, as well as random and fixed effects models. The study uses dynamic models to draw significance because it corrects for endogeneity, cross-sectional dependence, serial correlation, and heteroscedasticity by including instruments that are uncorrelated with the regressors in the underlying routine during estimation. The corporate tax aggressiveness indicators are tax saving, effective tax rate, book-tax difference, and temporary tax difference - with firm size as the control variable. Findings, among others, reveal that tax aggressiveness has a statistically significant influence on corporate investment expenditure in both countries. This provides evidence that tax aggressiveness is positive and that its coefficients are statistically significant to the tax aggressiveness variables; in particular, tax saving and effective tax rate maintained consistent positive and statistically significant relationships to corporate investment expenditure across all model specifications. In other words, an increase in tax saving and effective tax rate boost the total and new investment expenditure in both countries. Other findings show that a large difference between income reported on financial statements and income reported on tax return reduces corporate total and new investment expenditure in both countries. Furthermore, a proportionate increase in investment maintenance expenditure occurs when a book-tax gap changes in Nigeria. This is because managers reduce taxable income in order to increase investment maintenance expenditure. For the control variables, firm size boosts corporate investment expenditure in both countries.
Integrated Reporting and Firm Value in the Nigerian and South African Oil and Gas Sector
Authors: Nwoye Chizoba Mary , Egbunike Patrick Amaechi , Osegbue Ifeanyi Francis
Published: April 2022

This paper evaluates the effect of integrated reporting on the firm value of oil and gas companies comparing the two biggest economies in Africa from 2015 to 2018. The study used Tobin’s Q ratio as a proxy to firm value, while integrated reporting was broken down into five capitals of integrated reporting: intellectual capital, human capital, natural capital, social/responsibility capital, and financial capital. Preliminary analyses were conducted, such as descriptive statistics and correlation matrix. In analyzing the data, the study adopted the panel multiple regression method to identify the possible effect of integrated reporting on the firm value of oil and gas companies in Nigeria and South Africa using the Hausman test to choose between fixed and random effects. The result shows that integrated reporting has a significant positive effect on firm values in South Africa and Nigeria. We, therefore, recommend that integrated reporting in Nigeria should be used as a mandatory reporting system because this will encourage stakeholder understanding, instead of trying to source sustainability reports after examining financial statements.
An Innovative Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing Framework for Asset Price Forecasting Based on Islamic Finance: A Case Study of the Saudi Stock Market
Authors: Katterbauer Klemens , Moschetta Philippe
Published: April 2022

Artificial intelligence has transformed the forecasting of stock prices and the evaluation of companies. Novel techniques, allowing the real-time processing of large amounts of data, have enabled the use of data on various external factors to improve the forecasting of the company’s value and stock price. Although conventional approaches solely focus on the use of quantitative data, history has shown that news announcements and statements may significantly affect the performance of the stock value of companies. We present an innovative framework for integrating a nonlinear autoregressive network with a natural language processing approach to analyze stock price movements and forecast stock prices. The framework analyzes and processes the company’s financial statements, determining indicative factors and transforming them into categorical parameters which are then integrated into a nonlinear autoregressive network to estimate and forecast the company’s stock price. The analysis of several Saudi companies listed in the Tadawul index affirms the improved estimation of the stock price and the possibility of a more precise prediction of long-term stock price evolution.
‘Three Subsistences … One Substance’: the Doctrine of the Trinity in the Second London Confession
Authors: Weaver Steve
Published: April 2022

This article examines the doctrine of the Trinity taught in the Second London Confession of Faith of 1677. It begins by examining a trinitarian controversy among the Particular Baptists of England in the mid-seventeenth century. After outlining the doctrinal deviations of Thomas Collier, the article proceeds to describe some of the responses to Collier from the Particular Baptist community. In many ways the Second London Confession can be seen as a response to Collier. The article also explores the theology of Hercules Collins, a signatory of the Second London Confession, in contrast to the doctrinal deviations of Collier. The article shows that the Particular Baptists continued in the orthodox Christian tradition of the Apostles, Nicene, and Chalcedonian Creeds. They adopted the Reformed confessional language of the Westminster Confession of 1646 and the Savoy Declaration of 1658 while at the same time not fearing to adjust the language in accordance with their orthodox commitments.
Numerical Study of Effect of Trim on Performance of 12500DWT Cargo Ship Using Ranse Method
Authors: Chuan Tran Quoc , Phuong Nguyen Kim , Tu Tran Ngoc , Van Quan Mai , Anh Nguyen Duy , Le Tat-Hien
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with the results of studying the effect of trim on the performance of series cargo ship 12500DWT in full scale at two operating conditions by using the RANSE method. The Body Force Propeller method is used to simulate a rotating propeller behind the ship. The numerical predicted results at the ballast condition were verified and validated with sea trial data. The ship’s engine power curves for different trim conditions at two operating conditions were carried out to produce a data source to evaluate the effect of trim on the performance of the 12500DWT cargo ship. The results indicate that if the ship operates under optimum trim conditions, this can decrease the ship’s engine power in a range from 2.5 to 4.5% depending on different loading conditions and ship speeds. Finally, the paper also provides detailed differences in flow around the ship due to trim variation to explain the physical phenomenon of changing ship performance.
Heave Plates with Holes for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Ciba Ewelina , Dymarski Paweł , Grygorowicz Mirosław
Published: April 2022

The paper presents an innovative solution which is heave plates with holes. The long-known heave plates are designed to damp the heave motion of platforms. They are most often used for Spar platforms. The growing interest in this type of platform as supporting structures for offshore wind turbines makes it necessary to look for new solutions. Based on the available literature and the authors’ own research, it was concluded that the main element responsible for the damping of heave plates is not so much the surface of the plate, but its edge. Therefore, it was decided to investigate the effect of the holes in heave plates on their damping coefficient. Model tests and CFD calculations were performed for three different structures: a smooth cylinder, a cylinder with heave plates with a diameter of 1.4 times the diameter of the cylinder, and a cylinder with the same plate, in which 24 holes were cut (Fig. 1). Free Decay Tests (FDT) were used to determine the damping coefficient and the natural period of heave, and then the values obtained were compared. The full and punched heave-plate designs were also tested with regular waves of different periods to obtain amplitude characteristics. The results obtained are not unequivocal, as a complex motion appears here; however, it is possible to clearly define the area in which the damping of a plate with holes is greater than that of a full plate.
URGENSI DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH DALAM PENYAMPAIAN ASPIRASI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN UNDANG-UNDANG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Widiyanto Yoga Pratama , Zainuri Zainuri
Published: April 2022

Menetapkan aturan dalam suatu negara hukum harus melalui proses yang panjang. Karena nantinya hukum yang dihasilkan juga harus memberikan manfaat yang luas, maka semua pihak mulai dari seperti masyarakat, ahli dan pihak lainnya yang berwenang harus turut serta berpartisipasi dalam pembuatan hukum tersebut. Salah satu lembaga negara di tingkat daerah untuk mewadahi aspirasi masyarakat daerah adalah Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah. Namun dalam semua peraturan yang berlaku, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah tidak memiliki tugas, gungsi serta kedudukan bahkan kekuatan hukum untuk mengatarkan aspirasi masyarakat di tingkat daerah dalam proses penyusunan undang-undang yang kemudian membuat ketimpangan demokrasi terjadi di Indonesia.
PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH UNTUK MEMPRODUKSI KOMPOS DAN MAGGOT BSF DI PERUMAHAN BUMI TUNGGULWULUNG INDAH KOTA MALANG
Authors: Sumiadji Sumiadji , Rachmat Basuki , Suwarni Endah , Setiati Fita , Handoyo Futuh , Winarto Edi , Sari Padma Adriana
Published: April 2022

The community service activities are carried out in the Bumi Tunggulwulung Indah (BTWI) housing where all the residents in this housing namely RT 015-RW 001, Tunggulwulung, Lowokwaru, Malang City. There are problems faced by BTWI residents, the main points can be identified as follows: (1) there is a fairly large volume of waste in the BTWI environment, both leaf waste and kitchen waste (2) dry waste disposal (dry twigs and leaves) requires regular costs. The transportation of kitchen waste is sometimes constrained so that it accumulates and causes pollution, and (3) the accumulation and full volume of waste in the Temporary Shelter (TPS) in the Tunggulwulung sub-district. The results of the residents' deliberation agreed to form a partner team to work with the implementing team for community service activities. The purpose of this waste management training is expected to (1) improve the understanding and behavior of residents in processing waste, (2) reduce the amount of waste that must be transported, and (3) increase the economic value of waste into compost and BSF maggot. The methods applied in community service activities are counseling, training and monitoring. The results of the activity showed that the implementation of the extension succeeded in providing understanding and knowledge about waste management to activity partners. The results of the training were able to overcome the waste problem, reduce the cost of transporting waste and change the economic value of waste into compost and maggot as an alternative feed for catfish supplements.
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PENJUALAN NASI KEBULI INSTAN HENAYU FOODS KHUSUSNYA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Martono Adi , Ferdiansyah Ferdiansyah , Septiani Dwi , Yuwono Antania Shinta
Published: April 2022

Pengusaha yang tergolong dalam Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah merupakan tulang punggung perekonomian suatu negara, semakin besar jumlah pengusaha tersebut maka kondisi ekonomi negara tersebut semakin baik. Namun di sisi lain, tidak seperti di negara lainnya, pengusaha yang tergolong dalam UMKM ini lemah dalam mengelola bisnisnya dan mengalami keterbatasan dalam banyak hal, serta tidak semuanya mendapatkan bantuan dari pemerintah.Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat selain merupakan upaya pemenuhan kewajiban dosen terkait dengan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi namun juga dapat menjadi solusi bagi permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pengusaha dalam kelompok UMKM. Kerjasama antara Program Studi S1 Akuntansi, Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Pamulang dan Yayasan Rumah Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Tangerang Selatan telah membuka peluang bagi kedua belah pihak untuk saling mendukung dalam mengembangkan kemampuan dan ketrampilan para UMKM. Dalam hal ini adalah mengembangkan strategi pemasaran untuk Nasi Kebuli Instan, Henayu Food yang merupakan mitra binaan dari  Yayasan Rumah Pemberdayaan Masyarakat.Sebagai pengusaha, pemilik Nasi Kebuli Instan, Henayu Food telah melakukan berbagai langkah dalam hal manajemen pemasaran untuk mengembangkan bisnisnya. Namun demikian keterbatasan informasi dan lainnya, menyebabkan beberapa hal belum tersentuh secara baik oleh pemilik bisnis tersebut.Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini, dilaksanakan untuk membantu pemilik bisnis dalam mengembangkan strategi pemasaran khususnya di masa Pandemic Covid-19. Melalui metode diskusi dan kunjungan, dosen berusaha mendapatkan insight dari pemilik mengenai bisnis yang dijalankannya. Merujuk pada konsep Bauran Pemasaran (4P) dan STP, dihimpun berbagai informasi dan data mengenai hal-hal yang telah dijalankan, yang hendak dicapai dan kendala yang dihadapi oleh pemilik usaha.Hasil dari analisis terhadap usaha Nasi Kebuli Instan Henayu Food beberapa hal perlu dilakukan adalah penggunaan kemasan yang kedap, penggunaan kata-kata yang menggugah dan huruf yang lebih besar pada label, memanfaatkan marketplace untuk menjangkau pasar yang lebih luas, menyelaraskan antara produk yang dijual secara online dengan yang dijual secara offline di kedai yang ada dan menggunakan media sosial seperti Instagram untuk mengenalkan nasi kebuli instan kepada masyarakat yang memiliki ketertarikan pada kuliner. Pemilik usaha harus meningkatkan kemampuan individualnya dalam hal pengunaan aplikasi media social untuk mengimplementasikan strategi pemasaran tersebut dan menekan biaya operasional.
Teaching Care During Covid-19: Reflective Assessment for Becoming-Historians
Authors: Godsell Sarah
Published: April 2022

This article argues that the Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) that took place during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 left learners and teachers alike awash in feelings of helplessness, loss, and anguish. While online learning literacy and pedagogy have improved over the course of 2020 and 2021, and interesting and important innovations have been implemented and explored, the foundational inequalities have not lessened or disappeared. This article argues for the use of care as a necessary pedagogy in the virtual classroom using a case study of one class. The labour of care needs to be considered as part of the labour of pedagogy during Covid-19. I argue for care being built into both pedagogy and assessment as part of a radical pedagogy for this time. I explore reflective assessment embedded in a pedagogy of care as a way to, if not combat, recognise and respond to the inequalities embodied in ERT and the society it exists in, towards radical change. Active reflection draws out the impact that ERT has had on the “being” and “becoming” of pre-service History teachers.
A gravidade da obesidade na infância e o papel dos pais na influência nutricional dos seus filhos
Authors: Rodeiro Tâmara Campos Xavier , Pereira Danilo Anderson , Aguiar Bárbara Soares , Leandro Delaide Marinho , Rocha Juliana Rodrigues , Bacelar Giannia Lima , Rocha Gabriela Mendes , Bezerra Bárbara de Melo Balbino , Oliveira Ana Corina Bandeira Almeida Rodrigues de , Bispo Aline Andrade Costa
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: Compreender a obesidade infantil e a influência que os pais podem ter sobre essa comorbidade. Revisão bibliográfica: A obesidade se desenvolve por conta da interação de fatores genéticos, ambientais e dietéticos. Além disso, a rotina familiar é um aspecto que influencia diretamente no desenvolvimento e crescimento infantil. O estilo de vida e comportamental dos pais, possui uma relação direta com a forma da qual seus filhos irão lidar com sua própria alimentação. Dessa forma, a forma mais viável para tentar educá-los são com atitudes que sirvam não como exemplo, não apenas nas boas escolhas, como optar por alimentos saudáveis. Mas também incentivando, mostrando apoio e amor. Visto esses aspectos, torna-se essencial um trabalho educativo de saúde que promova a conscientização dos pais sobre o peso de seus filhos, e, principalmente, o comportamento adequado referente ao sobrepeso/obesidade ante os filhos. Considerações finais: Com isso pode-se observar o quão é importante é a relação familiar perante desenvolvimento tanto alimentar/nutricional quanto psicossocial de uma criança. Nesse sentido uma orientação da educação nutricional com hábitos saudáveis o quanto antes melhor, juntamente com a participação da família e da escola.
Sub-inner limiting membrane haemorrhage, active surgical tactics
Authors: Burii V.V. , Novolodskiy A.I. , Patrikeeva A.G.
Published: April 2022

Purpose. Conduct a retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of sub-inner limiting membrane haemorrhage. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 11 cases of treatment of sub-inner limiting membrane haemorrhage was carried out. The initial visual acuity, the presence or absence of complications were assessed. Results. Initial visual acuity (BCVA) 0,15 ± 0,24. In two cases, we observed the patients, the hemorrhage resolved on its own, visual acuity improved. Vitrectomy with ILM peeling was performed in 9 cases. In all cases, an improvement in vision was obtained, BCVA after 1 month was 0,75 ± 0,11. A complication in the form of a macular hole was obtained in one case, the patient was re-operated, as a result, the macular hole was closed, visual acuity rose to 0.3 from the initial 0.01. Conclusion. Vitrectomy with ILM peeling improved vision in all operated patients with sub-inner limiting membrane haemorrhage. Keywords: sub-inner limiting membrane haemorrhage, vitrectomy, Valsalva retinopathy.
Intellectual Property Right Issues in Custom Manufacture
Authors: Gemünd Markus
Published: April 2022

In recent years, intellectual property rights have become more and more a key issue in negotiations with pharmaceutical and agrochemical companies relating to Lonza's development and manufacturing of active ingredients or advanced intermediates. Whilst Lonza's customers are interested in ownership and use rights to such intellectual property rights developed by Lonza in order to obtain maximum protection for their end product, Lonza is interested in being able to use such intellectual property rights for other projects in order to broaden its technology offering to its customers. This article outlines how Lonza has been approaching this issue with its customers in order to find a solution covering both parties' interests.
A Sourcing Strategy for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)
Authors: Clarke George M. , Schnurrenberger K. Peter , Scholl Bernhard
Published: April 2022

We describe the development over the past decade of a sourcing strategy within the Roche group for active pharmaceutical ingredients and the intermediates used in their manufacture. The roles of certain production sites have been modified in the light of this strategy. Before sourcing decisions are taken, criteria including life-cycle phase of the product, whether the step under review comes early or late in the synthesis, protection of proprietary know-how, quantities needed, speed, available capacity and full production costs are systematically evaluated on a case-by-case basis. For each sourcing decision, different scenarios are compared, in particular that of in-house vs. external production. In future, we envisage intensified competition both among Contract Manufacturing Organisations (CMOs) for business from large pharma concerns and among the large pharma concerns themselves for the capacity available from the CMOs. In consequence, the large pharma concerns will have to continually adapt their sourcing strategies to the changing environment and will have to have available flexible production plants and organisations if they wish to maintain a viable in-house alternative to contract manufacture.
Traditional Chemistry – an Excellent Basis for Custom-Made Building Blocks
Authors: Wiezer Hartmut , Weichselbaumer Georg
Published: April 2022

Due to a shift in the competitive environment, the global fine chemicals industry is in the center of a major portfolio change from high-volume raw materials to customer-specific molecules. This article describes how the traditional strength in chemistry and adaptation of business processes throughout the organization allows Clariant Fine Chemicals to play a major role as a supplier of advanced building blocks to the life science industry. Key criteria are identification of intermediates according to core technologies, installation of flexible production equipment, production in line with strict quality standards, and efficient exchange of information in strict confidence to establish a basis for mutual success between Clariant and its customers.
Contract Manufacturing of Crop-Protection Products: Some Key Considerations
Authors: Buxtorf Christoph F.
Published: April 2022

Outsourcing takes many forms. In the case of crop-protection products, the contracting-out of manufacturing tasks requires careful thought and attention. The 1990s have seen a major change in the relationships between outsourcers and third parties. The former now demand higher 'duty
of care' standards than ever before and insist on the right to ensure their implementation. Any less rigorous approach can have disastrous consequences.
Custom Synthesis as a Full-Service Program
Authors: Gnehm Franziska
Published: April 2022

In recent years, the requirements of the pharmaceutical industry with respect to their outsourcing partners increased and changed quite drastically. While in the seventies of this century, mainly the production and purchasing of well-known products (chemicals or pharmaceutical dosage
forms) were required in order to free up internal capacities for new products, today an outsourcing partner is increasingly considered a service provider that offers development and manufacturing capabilities as well as all the services necessary for the successful submission of a pharmaceutical
product. Preferably such a contract partner can offer all of these services, which then makes him a full-service provider. In order to meet the needs of clients, certain requirements must be fulfilled by the service provider. These requirements are described in detail in the following article.
Furthermore, the advantages of cooperating with a full-service provider vs. in-house development are described and substantiated. Finally, an example of one full-service provider is given, its history is described, and, of course, the services it offers its clients today.
Columna Analytica: News and Trends in Analytical Chemistry – PITTCON'98 Report: New Orleans, March 1–5, 1998
Authors: Spichiger-Keller Ursula E.
Published: April 2022

A personal view of some challenging and remarkable news in general analytical chemistry shown at Pittcon'98 in New Orleans is presented. Mergers of companies, which are involved in the development of instrumentation, have changed the face of the exhibition. Developments forced by the
requirements of high efficiency and high throughput in the drug-discovery area are described in the second and third section. Medals awarded by journalists for the most outstanding products are presented in the forth section. Last, but not least, advancements in a more scientific area such
as electrochromatography are discussed.
SEEKR2: Versatile Multiscale Milestoning Utilizing the OpenMM Molecular Dynamics Engine
Authors: Votapka Lane , Stokely Andrew , Ojha Anupam , Amaro Rommie
Published: April 2022

We present SEEKR2 (Simulation-Enabled Estimation of Kinetic Rates version 2) – the latest iteration in the family of SEEKR programs for using multiscale simulation methods to computationally estimate the kinetics and thermodynamics of molecular processes, in particular, ligand-receptor binding. SEEKR2 generates equivalent, or improved, results compared to the earlier versions of SEEKR, but with significant increases in speed and capabilities. SEEKR2 has also been built with greater ease of usability with extensible features to enable future expansions of the method. Now, in addition to supporting simulations using NAMD, calculations may be run with the fast and extensible OpenMM simulation engine. The Brownian dynamics portion of the calculation has also been upgraded to Browndye 2. In addition, this version of SEEKR supports hydrogen mass repartitioning to significantly reduce computational cost.
Capturing the recognition dynamics of para-sulfonato- calix[4]arenes by cytochrome c: towards a quantitative free energy assessment
Authors: Bartocci Alessio , Pereira Gilberto , Cecchini Marco , Dumont Elise
Published: April 2022

Calix[n]arenes selective recognition of protein surface covers a broad range of timely applications, notably to control protein assembly and crystallization or trap partially disordered proteins. Here, the interaction of para-sulfonated calix-[4]-arenes with cytochrome c is investigated by all-atom, explicit water molecular dynamics simulations which allow to characterize two binding sites in neat agreement with experimental evidences. Free energy calculations based on the MM-PBSA and the attach-pull-release (APR) methods highlight key residues implicated in the recognition process and provide binding free energy results in quantitative agreement with the isothermal titration calorimetry. Our study emphasizes the role of MD simulations to capture the ``walk" of sulfonated calix-[4]-arenes on cytochrome c surface, with R13 as a pivotal interacting residue. Our MD investigation allows, through the QHMB method, to probe an allosteric reinforcement of several per-residues interactions upon calixarene binding, which suggest a more complex mode of action of these supramolecular auxiliaries.
Directed Evolution of Flavin-Dependent Halogenases for Atroposelective Halogenation of 3-Aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones via Kinetic or Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Snodgrass Harrison M. , Mondal Dibyendu , Lewis Jared
Published: April 2022

In this study, we engineer a variant of the flavin-dependent halogenase RebH that catalyzes site- and atroposelective halogenation of 3-aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones via kinetic or dynamic kinetic resolution. The required directed evolution uses a combination of random and site-saturation mutagenesis, substrate walking using two probe substrates, and a two-tiered screening approach involving analysis of variant conversion and then enantioselectivity of improved variants. The resulting variant, 3-T, provides >99:1 e.r. for the (M)-atropisomer of the major brominated product, 25-fold improved conversion, and 91-fold improved site-selectivity relative to the parent enzyme on the probe substrate used in the final rounds of evolution. This high activity and selectivity translates well to several additional substrates with varied steric and electronic properties. Computational modeling and docking simulations are used to rationalize the effects of key mutations on substrate scope and site- and atroposelectivity. Given the range of substrates that have been used for atroposelective synthesis via electrophilic halogenation, these results suggest that FDHs could find many additional applications for atroposelective catalysis. More broadly, this study highlights how RebH can be engineered to accept structurally diverse substrates that enable its use for enantioselective catalysis.
CelloZIFPaper: Cellulose-ZIF Hybrid Paper for Heavy Metal Removal and Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Abdelhamid Hani Nasser , Georgouvelas Dimitrios , Edlund Ulrica , Mathew Aji
Published: April 2022

The processing of hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) into a cellulose paper using sheet former Rapid-Köthen (R.K.) is reported. The procedure is a promising route to overcome a significant bottleneck towards applying metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in commercial products. ZIF-8 crystals were integrated into cellulose pulp (CP) or TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) following an in-situ or ex-situ process; the materials were denoted as CelloZIFPaper_In Situ and CelloZIFPaper_Ex Situ. The materials were applied as adsorbents to remove heavy metals from water, with adsorption capacities of 66.2 - 354.0 mg/g. CelloZIFPaper can also be used as a stand-alone working electrode for the selective sensing of toxic heavy metals, for instance, lead ions (Pb2+), using electrochemical-based methods with a detection limit of 8 µM. The electrochemical measurements may advance 'Lab-on-CelloZIFPaper' technologies for label-free detection of Pb2+ ions.
Benchmark of Density Functional Theory Methods for the Study of Organic Polysulfides
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Champagne Pier Alexandre
Published: April 2022

Elemental sulfur is often used in organic synthesis as its low cost and high abundance make it a highly desirable source of sulfur atoms. However, sulfur’s unpredictable catenation behavior poses challenges to its widespread usage due to difficulties in designing new reactions that can account for its multifaceted reactivity. In order to accurately model sulfur’s mechanisms using computational approaches, it is necessary to identify Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods that are accurate on these systems. This study benchmarks 12 well-known DFT functionals that include local, non-local, and hybrid methods against DLPNO-CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(Q+d)Z // MP2/aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z/SMD(MeCN) for the accurate treatment of organic polysulfides, taking cyanide as a nucleophile. Our benchmarking results indicate that the M06-2X and B3LYP-D3(BJ) density functionals are the most accurate for calculating reaction energies, while local functionals performed the worst. For activation energies, MN15, MN15-L, M06-2X, and ωB97X-D are the most accurate. Our analysis of structural parameters shows that all functionals perform well for ground state optimizations except B97D3, while MN15-L and M06-2X performed best for transition structure optimizations. Overall, the four hybrid functionals MN15, M06-2X, ωB97X-D and B3LYP-D3(BJ) appear adequate for studying the reaction mechanisms of polysulfides.
An Iodide-mediated Anodic Amide Coupling
Authors: Grossmann Luca , Beier Vera , Duttenhofer Lea , Lennartz Laura , Opatz Till
Published: April 2022

The ubiquity of amide bonds, present in natural products and common pharmaceuticals renders this functional group one of the most prevalent in organic chemistry. Despite its importance and a wide variety of existing methods for its formation, the latter still can be a challenge for classical activating reagents such as chloridating agents or carbodiimides. As the spent reagents often cannot be recycled, the development of more sustainable methods is highly desirable. Herein, we report an operationally simple and mild indirect electrochemical protocol to effect the condensation of carboxylic acids with amines, forming a wide variety of carboxamides.
Acil Serviste Çalışan Hemşirelerin Aleksitimi ve Depresyon Düzeyleri: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Authors: GEZGİN YAZICI Havva , KAHRAMAN Fadime , KARABULUT Esra
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma acil serviste çalışan hemşirelerin aleksitimi ve depresyon düzeyleri ile bunları etkileyen faktörleri incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Materyal ve Metot: Tanımlayıcı, kesitsel ve ilişki arayıcı tipte yapılan araştırmanın verileri “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği (TAÖ-20)” ve “Beck Depresyon Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler (sayı, ortalama, yüzde dağılımları) t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Scheffe ve Tukey testleri ile Pearson testleri kullanılmıştır. Aleksitiminin depresyon üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için simple linear regresyon analizi yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerin TAÖ-20 toplam puanı 51,89±10,01 ve Beck Depresyon ölçeği toplam puanı 10,84±8,33 olarak bulunmuştur. Hemşirelerin medeni durumu, eğitim durumu, gelir durumu, acil serviste çalışma memnuniyeti, duygularını ifade edebilme, kronik hastalığın varlığı ve sürekli ilaç kullanma durumları istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (Sırasıyla; p= 0,041, p=0,014, p=0,013, p=0,013, p=0,028, p=0,017, p=0,022).Sonuç: Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerde hafif düzeyde aleksitimi ve depresyon olduğu görülmektedir. Acil serviste çalışmaktan memnun olmayanların, duygularını ifade edemeyenlerin, kendisinde ve ailesinde kronik hastalığı olmayanların TAÖ-20 toplam puanları daha yüksektir (p<0,05). Aleksitimi ile depresyon puanları arasında pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır.
Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesine göre 17. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Kadınları
Authors: BAYCAR Hamdullah
Published: April 2022

Evliya Celebi, the 17th-century Ottoman traveler, left 10 volume long travelogue behind with insights about places he visits. The depictions include the names, customs, economic conditions, linguistic information, and many other aspects of the people and land of the places. With their appearance, names, roles, and behaviors, the women were no exception in Evliya's depiction. Piety was a significant aspect that Evliya dealt with. When the women were not visible, or the society was segregated in terms of gender, he showed his appreciation by praising women's morals. While the women were seen in public frequently, he was disappointed. This study argues that Evliya's depiction of pious women who never go out derives from his imagination of the ideal woman, Rabi'a al-Adawiyya. This imagination is thanks to Evliya's status and background, which can be summarized as pious, patriot, and loyal to the Ottoman palace.
Features of the formation of grain yield of triticale in the Middle Zavolzhye
Authors: Goryanina Tatyana Aleksandrovna , Goryanin Oleg Ivanovich
Published: April 2022

Winter triticale is the most promising grain crop, over the past seven years four varieties of local selection have been zoned in the region. However, the technology of their cultivation requires clarification. The purpose of the work is to identify the features of grain yield formation and seeding rates of varieties of various types of winter triticale in the Middle Volga region. In 2018-2021, the formation of yields of triticale varieties (Crumbs and Capella) on six variants of seed sowing rates was considered on ordinary chernozem. When using the growth-stimulating drug Baritone at seeding rates of 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0 million/ha it was found that the temperature and relative humidity of the air had the greatest influence on the elements of the crop structure. The main element of the crop structure - the density of the stem was most dependent on the relative humidity of the air during the spring-summer vegetation (r=–0.98*…–0.99*). When cultivating for grain, a significant increase in yield had  Crumb variety, compared with the Capella by 0.31-0.44 t/ha (14.0-17.6%). Its highest values were at seeding rates of 3.0-5.0 million/ha - 2.66-2.69 (Capella), - 3.05-3.10 t/ha. Of the abiotic factors, the maximum effect on grain yield was exerted by the relative humidity of the air during the spring-summer growing season (r= –0.98*…–0.99**). The highest net income indicates the expediency of cultivating triticale in the conditions of the Volga region to etch seeds with Bariton preparation and sow them for fodder at a rate of 3.0 million/ ha.
Genetic specificity of high milk productive Brown Swiss cows
Authors: Rusanova Svetlana Alekseevna , Gontov Mikhail Eliseevich , Koltsov Dmitry Nikolaevich
Published: April 2022

There were  studied the genetic characteristics of longevity cows of the Brown Swiss breed of the breeding reproducer of ZAO im. Michurin using immunogenetic monitoring. The research in the laboratory of zootechnologies of the Smolensk Research Institute of the Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. The duration of productive life of cows was, on average, 6 lactations with lifetime milk productivity of 27,000 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.88% and a protein content of 3.37%. When analyzing the milk productivity of cows carrying different EAB alleles, the highest indicators were found in longevity cows having the following alleles in the EAB genotype: P1I/, B1I1T1A/2P/, Y2, Y2G/Y/G//1, Q B1G2KY2E/2F/2G/O/G//1 I1Y2E/2G/I/G//1, B2O3Y2A/2E/3G/P/Q/Y/ and B1I/Q/. The lifetime milk yield of cows with these markers was 28016 kg -33683 kg of milk, milk fat yield 1073.0 kg - 1339.1 kg, milk protein 694.7 kg - 1148.5 kg, with productive life duration of 9.2 - 11.3 years. Carriers of the EAB markers G2O2E/2I/, O2E/2G//1 and B1I/Q/ inherited from Jersey bulls used in the improvement of Brown Swiss cattle were distinguished by a higher fat and protein content in milk – 3.92% and 3.41%, respectively, they were used in a herd of 8.2 – 9.8 years. The leaders of productive longevity with a lifetime milk yield of over 40,000 kg of milk and a life duration of more than 13 years were cows whose genotypes contained the EAB-alleles G1O/, I/, I1, O/, P1I/, B1I1Q, B1G2KY2E/2F/2G/O/G//1 and B2O3Y2A/2E/3G/P/Q/Y/.
Ecological study of corn hybrids in the steppe zone of the Lower Volga
Authors: Zaytsev Sergey Aleksandrovich , Volkov Dmitriy Petrovich , Gudova Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , Zhuzhukin Valeriy Ivanovich
Published: April 2022

In connection with the actualization of the problem of import substitution for the production of seeds and corn cultivation in the Volga region, a comprehensive assessment of domestic hybrids is of interest. The study included 19 maize hybrids (FAO 150-499) bred by various scientific institutions of Russia, which were assessed according to the following characteristics: the length of the sprout-flowering interphase periods of panicles and ears, plant height, ear attachment height, grain yield, number of grains per ear, crude protein and crude fat content. When calculating the parameters mathematically, the hybrid was taken into account as factor A, and the year as factor B. There was a significant difference in the duration of interphase periods (factor A), and the difference in factor B was not established. The hybrids Raduga, Mashuk 350 MV, Krasnodar 377 MV, Ladozhsky 410 MV, Mashuk 480 SV are distinguished by a relatively long stem and high attachment of the ear. Different origins of hybrids and germplasm determined the reaction of genotypes to the experimental conditions, which was reflected in their significant differences in generative traits for factors A, B and genotype - environment AB interaction. The experiment revealed a significant difference in the indicators of the biochemical composition of grain (factors A, B, AB) in the content of fat, ash, and  fiber. In terms of the content of protein, nitrogen-free extractive substances, differences were revealed only between varieties, while the factor of the year (B) and the interaction "genotype - environment" (AB) turned out to be insignificant.