bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributing factors to hand flexor tendon rerupture
Authors: Koh Sung Hoon , Kim Yeon Wook , Kim Jin Soo , Lee Dong Chul , Roh Si Young , Lee Kyung Jin
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to identify factors influencing hand flexor tendon rerupture and to develop preventive strategies for patients who have undergone hand flexor tendon repair.Methods: In total, 287 patients who underwent hand flexor tendon repair between January 2011 and June 2022 were included. Patients with thumb injuries, amputations, bone injuries, extensor tendon injuries, and those with less than 3 months of follow-up were excluded. Patients were divided into rerupture and non-rerupture groups. Events leading to ruptures were also investigated. The two groups were compared according to sex, age, occupation, smoking status, history of diabetes mellitus, injury characteristics, core suture method, and timing of the rehabilitation course.Results: Of the 287 patients, 19 experienced rerupture (6.6%). The mean time to rerupture was 25.3 days. Reruptures occurred due to unknown causes in nine cases (47.4%), noncompliance with medical recommendations in seven cases (36.8%), and trauma in three cases (15.8%). Among the investigated factors, little finger injury and concurrent flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) ruptures were significantly associated with rerupture. Little difference was noted in the core suture methods and timing of the rehabilitation course between the two groups.Conclusion: To minimize the risk of rerupture, patients should strictly adhere to medical recommendations and avoid any activities that could cause trauma for at least 1 month after surgery, which is the critical period for tendon remodeling. Patients with little finger injuries as well as concurrent FDS and FDP ruptures require special attention and careful monitoring.
Wsparcie kartograficzne i geoinformatyczne badań genealogicznych na przykładzie Białobrzegów koło Łańcuta
Authors: Szombara Stanisław
Published: January 2024

The paper describes the possibilities of using old cartographic materials of the permanent Galician cadastre in supporting genealogical research on the example of Białobrzegi near Łańcut. The process of assigning georeferencing, vectorisation and making data available in the form of a geoportal is described.
PÓS-HUMANISMO E TERCEIRA NATUREZA: UMA DISCUSSÃO A PARTIR DOS FILMES TRON E TRON LEGACY
Authors: Figueiredo Carolina Dantas
Published: January 2024

O presente artigo visa estabelecer o conceito de terceira natureza utilizando como ponto de partida o universo ficcional de Tron e Tron Legacy. Discute-se aqui a existência de uma terceira natureza, fusão entre uma primeira natureza, de ordem biológica, e uma segunda, de ordem artificial. Desta terceira natureza surgiria um homem renovado e livre dos seus medos primordiais de perecer e morrer. Este conceito ou categorização é formulado e discutido no decorrer deste artigo, que funciona tanto como exercício teórico, já que se apresenta nele um caminho analítico, quanto como uma ampliação dos debates já existentes sobre pós-humanismo e temas correlatos.
LÓGICA COLONIALISTA E NECROPOLÍTICA: A MORTE E O METEORO DE JOCA TERRON
Authors: Dias de Brito Angela Maria
Published: January 2024

Aimé Césaire, em seu manifesto-denúncia, Discurso sobre o colonialismo (2020), caracteriza a natureza perversa deste tipo de domínio a partir da comparação com o nazismo e da cumplicidade dos europeus, na medida em que, durante os séculos das conquistas, a aplicação dos mesmos métodos só atingiu “apenas a povos não europeus. A equação do pensador martinicano “colonização = coisificação” (CÉSAIRE, 2020, p.24) fica dramatizada em A morte e o meteoro, o sombrio romance de Joca Terron (2019). Seu tom soturno, seu baixo-contínuo de fim vai entoando uma espécie de melancólico réquiem à dilapidação ecológica do mundo e à ausência de porvir da espécie humana. O Antropoceno, como a nova era geológica da terra assoberbada e doente em decorrência da ação humana sobre ela, capaz de corroê-la, como se ocorressem transformações geofísicas extremas, manifesta inequivocamente a “intrusão de Gaia” em seu “suscetível agenciamento de forças indiferentes” (STENGERS, 2015, p.39) na história do mundo. E se a origem da crise pode ser reportada à Revolução Industrial e às relações de produção capitalista, os humanos permanecem divididos por interesses contrários e incompatíveis, no que tange às providências no sentido de um menor dispêndio energético. Nesse sentido, como apontam muitos estudiosos do assunto, o homem, além de mortal, torna-se mortífero ao ambiente propício à existência da própria espécie.
CONFIGURAÇÕES AFETIVAS DA CATÁSTROFE URBANA NA FICÇÃO CONTEMPORÂNEA LATINO-AMERICANA
Authors: López Natalia
Published: January 2024

Este artigo aborda um conjunto de obras da literatura latino-americana contemporânea em que a crise ou o fim do mundo urbano por causas antrópicas é ficcionalizada, criando um novo imaginário distópico. Examino dois romances, La villa (2001), de César Aira e Mugre rosa, (2020) de Fernanda Trías, e o conto “When it`s Time to Harvest” (2021), de Renan Bernardo, para analisar as configurações afetivas envolvidas em um antes, durante e depois da catástrofe, onde os afetos representados dão conta tanto da crise quanto da possível superação da situação catastrófica.
O NARRADOR-PERSONAGEM SOB UMA PERSPECTIVA DISTÓPICA: UMA LEITURA DE "NÃO VERÁS PAÍS NENHUM", DE IGNÁCIO DE LOYOLA BRANDÃO
Authors: Ferreira Mykaelle de Sousa
Published: January 2024

Esse artigo apresenta uma breve análise sobre o narrador-personagem na ficção distópica de Ignácio de Loyola Brandão. Segundo Varsam (2008), no caso das distopias literárias, o leitor é atraído para a experiência distópica a partir do ponto de vista do narrador-personagem, que compartilha anseios e perspectivas pessoais ao questionar o seu entorno, configurando um dos mecanismos textuais mais específicos do gênero em questão. Para examinar tal proposta, selecionamos o romance brasileiro Não verás país nenhum (2022), publicado originalmente em 1981, com o objetivo de analisar como a experiência da personagem-protagonista é estruturada para o leitor.
ALL WATCHED OVER BY MACHINES OF LOVING GRACE: POTENCIAIS CRÍTICOS DA TECNODISTOPIA EM NOVACENO DE JAMES LOVELOCK
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Michelli da Silva
Published: January 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo examinar os potenciais críticos da tecnodistopia em Novacene: The coming age of hyperintelligence, obra publicada em 2019 pelo cientista britânico James Lovelock, conhecido pela hipótese Gaia. Para isso, de início, foram estudadas as relações entre suas pesquisas científicas e invenções técnicas na constituição do Novaceno, um experimento de pensamento (Gedankenexperimenten) não antropocêntrico caracterizado pela chegada de superinteligências artificiais, espécies que superarão a inteligência humana. No momento seguinte, foram discutidos os trânsitos entre a ciência e a ficção na constituição da obra, cujo texto híbrido possui traços de ficção científica. Por fim, a partir das análises precedentes e da identificação de aspectos tecnodistópicos da obra, foram examinados os potenciais críticos do Novaceno com base na criação de novas hierarquias das inteligências, na transformação planetária conduzida por espécies mais inteligentes e na recepção do texto.
A ATUALIDADE DA REPRESENTAÇÃO DAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS DAS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS NO ROMANCE A PARÁBOLA DO SEMEADOR, DE OCTAVIA E. BUTLER
Authors: Amaral George Augusto do
Published: January 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como o romance A parábola do semeador (1993), de Octavia E. Butler, antecipa questões que se tornaram prementes na contemporaneidade, como a crise hídrica e a insegurança alimentar, ao mesmo tempo em que demonstra o aspecto fragmentado do Antropoceno, no qual há uma variação das condições de habitabilidade que se traduz em desigualdade social. Defendemos que Butler expõe formas de negacionismo que se tornaram comuns na sociedade atual, como o quietista (LATOUR, 2020), que propaga a indiferença e se relaciona a uma perspectiva de salvação baseada na arca de Noé, por uma seleção de corpos-em-perda (FERDINAND, 2022). Nesse contexto, demonstramos como a protagonista Lauren apresenta-se como a mais apta para sobrevier neste mundo distópico, justamente por cultivar uma visão de mundo compatível com a realidade que a cerca e entender que é necessário lidar com os incômodos (HARAWAY, 2016) e propor novas formas de parentesco e relações sociais. Por fim, consideramos que a obra se trata tanto de uma distopia crítica (MOYLAN, 2016) quanto de uma ficção climática (JOHNS-PUTRA; TREXLER, 2011), na qual os efeitos das mudanças climáticas são explorados em situações da vida diária das personagens, em termos cognitivos e emocionais, promovendo conexões com as estruturas sociais, políticas, econômicas mais amplas da sociedade.
O NEODISTÓPICO: UM BREVE PANORAMA
Authors: Lima Felipe Benicio de
Published: January 2024

O que caracteriza uma distopia no século XXI? É esta a questão que se apresenta como força-motriz do presente artigo. A partir de um mergulho no coração das trevas da ficção contemporânea em língua inglesa, e com base nas discussões teórico-críticas acerca dos utopismos e distopismos (BACCOLINI, 2020; BACCOLINI; MOYLAN, 2003; CAVALCANTI, 1999; MOYLAN, 2016; SARGENT, 1994, 2010), é possível constatar que a ficção distópica produzida nessas duas primeiras décadas do século XXI tem apresentado características que a difere daquelas distopias do século passado. No presente artigo, esse amplo, diverso e fragmentado conjunto obras contemporâneas é denominado neodistópico. Constitui-se como objetivo deste artigo, portanto, conceituar o neodistópico e oferecer uma visão panorâmica de suas características, com ênfase na intertextualidade (KRISTEVA, 2005; SAMOYAULT, 2008), multiperspectividade (HARTNER, 2014; NÜNNING; NÜNNING, 2000) e metaficção (HUTCHEON, 1980; WAUGH, 1984). Diante disso, romances como Atlas de nuvens (Cloud Atlas, 2004), de David Mitchell, O poder (The power, 2016), de Naomi Alderman, Guerra americana (American war, 2017), de Omar El Akkad, Nova York 2140 (New York 2140, 2017), de Kim Stanley Robinson, The water cure (2018), de Sophie Mackintosh, a trilogia MaddAddam (2003, 2009, 2013), e Os testamentos (The testaments, 2019), de Margaret Atwood, entre outros, podem ser considerados como paradigmáticos do neodistópico, oferecendo, assim, uma relevante amostra dos elementos que o caracterizam.
DESCENTRAMENTOS E DESLOCAMENTOS DECOLONIAIS EM RIO NEGRO, 50 DE NEI LOPES
Authors: Carvalho Consoelo Costa Soares , Carbonieri Divanize
Published: January 2024

No romance Rio Negro, 50 de Nei Lopes, há a evidenciação do protagonismo negro na sociedade brasileira e, ao mesmo tempo, a ratificação da sua importância social e cultural, contradizendo os discursos que os colocam apenas como coadjuvantes na construção da nação. No café-bar que dá nome ao título, intelectuais se reúnem para discutir questões políticas, culturais e sociais de âmbito nacional, mas, sobretudo, relacionadas à comunidade negra. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar que, nessa obra, Lopes apresenta uma expressão de recusa à objetificação e à indigência negra de forma a estabelecer deslocamentos e descentramentos de valores limitadores sobre eles. A análise se baseia nas teorias críticas dos discursos coloniais e da decolonialidade, buscando explicitar como Lopes descontrói estereotipias. Concebendo a diferença como oposição à inferiorização dos discursos dominantes, Lopes empreende um esforço decolonial em seu romance, propondo estratégias narrativas que interrogam os universalismos. Se não há, ao final, compensações para injustiças sofridas, pelo menos é dada a visibilização a discursos que funcionam como alternativas a elas, enfatizando a capacidade de agência e resistência das personagens.
Development and Validation of a Reliable and Valid Assessment Tool for Measuring Innovative Thinking in Vocational Students
Authors: Sukkeewan Peeraya , Songkram Noawanit , Nasongkhla Jaitip
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to develop a measure that possesses both reliability and validity in order to evaluate innovative thinking within the realm of education. To achieve this, the instrument's validity and reliability were evaluated through quantitative methods in two distinct phases. A team of educational experts conducted the process of establishing content validity and ensuring that the items on the instrument accurately reflected the intended constructs of creative thinking. Following that, the assessment of concept validity was conducted using confirmatory factor analyses. The aforementioned investigations resulted in the discovery of a five-factor solution consisting of 25 elements, all of which demonstrated scores beyond the crucial threshold. This successful outcome confirmed the presence of distinct factors representing different dimensions of innovative thinking. The study enrolled 1250 students from vocational education institutions as participants. The data obtained from the participants was subjected to principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, leading to the development of a model that exhibited a good match with the empirical data. This indicated the effectiveness of the developed instrument in measuring innovative thinking capacity. In conclusion, the research effectively developed an accurate and dependable tool for evaluating innovative thinking in the realm of education. The gathering of positive data from the participants and meticulous quantitative analyses were responsible for this.
Incorporating Multicultural Education Using Multiliteracies Practices in the Extensive Reading Class
Authors: Mandarani Vidya , Retnaningdyah Pratiwi , Mustofa Ali
Published: January 2024

Multicultural education is expected to improve the frameworks of educational institutions so that students from various ethnic, racial, cultural, and linguistic groups have equal academic accomplishment possibilities. It is essential for English as a foreign language (EFL) learners and teachers in Indonesia since English has its own culture. This research aims to comprehend the practices of multiliteracies in incorporating multicultural education in extensive reading classes. This investigation used a qualitative case study using observation and in-depth interviews to collect data from the lecturer. The results showed that the lecturer incorporated all aspects of multicultural education in multiliteracies practices using a novel. While generating cultural value from students’ life experiences, the researchers discovered content integration, knowledge scaffolding, equity pedagogy, bias degradation, and empowerment of school culture. Multiliteracies practices can serve as an innovative teaching technique to promote multicultural education. Additionally, EFL lecturers need multicultural learning materials to support this and to encourage students to think critically.
Handwriting Skills and Their Role in Text Generation: A Longitudinal Study with Graphonomic Measures
Authors: Jiménez Juan E. , Barrientos Pablo
Published: January 2024

This study sought to examine the influence of transcription skills, evaluated using graphonomic measures, on the proficiency of text generation in students attending primary schools in Spain. A longitudinal design was employed involving 278 Spanish students distributed across three cohorts (cohort 1: 1st-2nd-4th grade; cohort 2: 2nd-3rd-5th grade; and cohort 3: 3rd-4th-6th grade). Two data collection points were used to administer the graphonomic measures, and a composition letter task was conducted at the conclusion of the study. Four multigroup structural equation models were employed, examining the direct pathways from graphonomic measures (i.e., pressure, speed, pauses, and road length) on text generation (i.e., length, fluency, planning, revision, and organization). The models demonstrated a good fit to the data. The findings from the four models, analyzed within the three cohorts, indicated that the significant effect of transcription (i.e., handwriting) on text production was primarily observed in Cohort 1 (early grades), while no significant effects were found in Cohort 2 (intermediate grades). This suggests that the importance of handwriting in text production in a transparent orthography may be more pronounced during the initial stages of writing development when students are acquiring foundational writing skills.
Numerical range for weighted Moore-Penrose inverse of tensor
Authors: Be Aaisha , Shekhar Vaibhav , Mishra Debasisha
Published: January 2024

This article first introduces the notion of weighted singular value decomposition (WSVD) of a tensor via the Einstein product. The WSVD is then used to compute the weighted Moore-Penrose inverse of an arbitrary-order tensor. We then define the notions of weighted normal tensor for an even-order square tensor and weighted tensor norm. Finally, we apply these to study the theory of numerical range for the weighted Moore-Penrose inverse of an even-order square tensor and exploit its several properties. We also obtain a few new results in matrix setting.
Governing by numbers: fantasies of forecasting, ‘predict and provide’ and the technologies of government
Authors: Griggs Steven , Howarth David
Published: January 2024

This chapter demonstrates how the post-war state sponsorship of UK aviation quickly coalesced around the social logic of ‘predict and provide’ – an administrative rationality which privileged practices of forecasting and quantification. The first half of the chapter explores how the Department for Transport developed a wealth of categories, assumptions, economic models and statistical techniques, which sought to normalise expectations of expansion, effectively projecting the making and implementation of concrete decisions over aviation into a depoliticised space of the future, while marginalising all but the most expert and powerful of citizens and groups. But provision did not always follow prediction as persistent political controversies about the location and timing of new airport capacity dislocated the logic of ‘predict and provide’. The second half thus characterises and evaluates the different technologies that governments used in their endeavours to depoliticise airport expansion. It draws attention to three principal technologies: public inquiries, expert Commissions and national public consultations. However, it concludes that these technologies were rapidly politicised by local residents and campaigners, who engaged in strategies of arena-switching and audience expansion. The chapter shows that the post-war regime of aviation expansion was marked by complex and contingent logics of politicisation, depoliticisation and repoliticisation.
The anatomy of an expert Commission: Howard Davies, rhetorical reframing and the performance of leadership
Authors: Griggs Steven , Howarth David
Published: January 2024

This chapter investigates the work of the Airport Commission (2012–2015). It first discerns and characterises the bundle of mechanisms, strategies, arguments and rhetorical claims at play in its discourse. It explores how the Commission deployed legitimising appeals to independent expertise; transformed the economic boosterism of aviation into the strategic advantages of connectivity; marshalled the techniques of forecasting and prediction; and redefined information-giving and transparency as forms of engagement. In particular, it demonstrates how the Commission strategically framed aviation emissions and aircraft noise to negate opposition to expansion and how its ‘performance of authority’ was embodied in the ‘reasonable’ and ‘neutral’ position of its chair, Sir Howard Davies. Politically, the Commission successfully kept the aviation issue off the national political agenda in the run-up to the 2015 general election, while also satisfying the demands of the pro-expansion Heathrow lobby, which was a programme success for the Cameron government. However, in disclosing the complex dynamics of politicisation and re-politicisation at work during the Commission’s lifespan, we conclude that ultimately it did little more than instil a temporary ‘phoney war’ in aviation policy, with the publication of its Final Report in 2015 triggering another round of ‘trench warfare’ that re-politicised aviation policy.
Extreme turbulence: problematisations, multiple crises and new demands
Authors: Griggs Steven , Howarth David
Published: January 2024

This chapter contextualises and analyses the COVID-19 conjuncture (2020–2022). Drawing together the multiple threads of our genealogy of UK aviation policy and airport expansion, it argues that as aviation expansion was tied to climate justice and social inequalities, the technologies of government deployed by government failed to contain the politicisation and re-politicisation of the issue of aviation expansion. However, we also demonstrate that the multiple crises, which have unfolded since the Final Report of the AC in 2015, exacerbated the difficulties facing government in its efforts to depoliticise airport expansion. Set against the backdrop of the intensifying climate crisis and legal challenge, new lines of antagonism were formed in the battlefield of aviation. Equally, government faced contradictory pressures, which pulled it between support for the recovery of UK aviation, its vision of post-Brexit Britain, its climate change commitments and its response to the COVID-19 pandemic. But importantly, the pandemic exposed citizens to the possibilities of living in a world with a radically retrenched aviation sector. The chapter concludes with the claim that the global pandemic has ushered in a novel problematisation of aviation that challenges the embedded fantasmatic narratives of flying as an unproblematic and valued public good.
‘What if…?’ A manifesto for the green transformation of aviation
Authors: Griggs Steven , Howarth David
Published: January 2024

This chapter advocates a manifesto for the green transformation of aviation. It identifies and evaluates the discourses of ‘business as usual’ and ‘demand management’, which frame public policy dialogue around aviation in the post-pandemic world, concluding that the expansionist logic of ‘business as usual’, which relies on the myth of technological fixes, efficiencies and offsetting, no longer provides the effective tools or policies to tackle the environmental injustices of aviation, if it ever did. Equally, the chapter argues that ‘demand management’ also conforms to a logic of attenuation, supporting the politics of reform rather than transition and transformation. The chapter sketches out an emergent path leading to the green restructuring of aviation, which involves a radical divestment from aviation, while providing support for green jobs, social infrastructure and the foundational economy. The chapter also promotes the idea of alternative hedonism, while demanding new forms of political leadership and progressive alliances at the heart of a green state. The chapter contends that it is only this hegemonic strategy of transformation that connects aviation to broader visions of post-growth societies, which will enable us to break our addiction to flying and dependency on unsustainable and exclusionary forms of infrastructure.
Adult Safeguarding Observed
Authors: Dixon Jeremy
Published: January 2024

This book explores how social workers assess and manage risk and uncertainty when doing adult safeguarding work. The first chapter of the book examines how adult safeguarding came to be seen as an issue needing a policy response. This begins with a discussion of campaigns against the abuse and neglect of older adults in the 1960s. The theoretical framework for the book is set out in Chapter 2, which introduces key theories from the sociology of risk and uncertainty and shows how these have been applied to social work. The concept of risk work, which focuses on risk knowledge, interventions and social relations, is used to explore how social workers understand and use the concept of risk on the ground. The next three chapters report on a research study using observation and interviews with 31 social workers across three local authorities. Chapter 3 focuses on how social workers in the study managed referrals and assessments. Chapter 4 focuses on their understanding of policies and principles related to safeguarding and how these matched up with everyday practice. Chapter 5 focuses on how the social workers engaged with service users, family carers and paid carers. The book concludes by identifying how the findings relate to previous academic work on social work and risk, and setting out policy and practice recommendations.
Housing: a life course perspective
Authors: Coulter Rory
Published: January 2024

Chapter 2 lays the conceptual foundations for the rest of the book. It begins by reviewing three existing frameworks for conceptualising how people move through housing systems over the life span: (1) traditional notions of housing careers, (2) Beer and Faulkner’s (2011) housing transitions approach, and (3) Clapham’s (2005) housing pathways metaphor. It outlines the strengths and weaknesses of each approach before explaining how a modern life course framework provides a powerful way to conceptualise how people move between homes and neighbourhoods as their lives unfold. The chapter then develops this life course framework more fully by outlining twelve conceptual tools for housing analysis that map onto Glen Elder’s five canonical life course principles. Each conceptual tool is then briefly summarised before the remaining chapters apply them to integrate and synthesise what is known about housing and life course dynamics in the 21st century.
Households and families
Authors: Coulter Rory
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the connections between housing careers and the contemporary dynamics of households and families. After sketching post-war population trends using ideas of a Second Demographic Transition, the chapter draws on Chapter 2’s life course conceptual toolbox to examine how these changes in households and families intersect with changes in housing career dynamics. The chapter focuses primarily on four family dynamics which, taken together, strongly drive aggregate patterns of household formation, dissolution and housing demand: (1) leaving the parental home and entering the housing system, (2) partnership formation, (3) fertility and (4) relationship dissolution. The relevance of housing career dynamics to each of these processes is explored in detail through a review of existing evidence supplemented with small portions of new empirical analysis of British data.
Employment and money
Authors: Coulter Rory
Published: January 2024

Chapter 5 takes a fresh look at how the interactions between housing and labour market careers influence economic outcomes at both the micro- and macro-levels. It shows how the ways people engage with both the labour market and the housing system over the life span play a crucial role in determining the social distribution of resources. The chapter begins by using the life course conceptual toolbox to review how employment influences housing behaviour and housing system dynamics. It then inverts the focus to consider the role that housing resources, opportunities and constraints play in shaping employment careers and the broader operation of labour markets. Finally, the chapter examines how differential accumulation and use of housing wealth influences contemporary patterns of social and spatial inequality.
Understanding housing and life course dynamics
Authors: Coulter Rory
Published: January 2024

Chapter 8 summarises how the book’s life course framework can be used to further our understanding of contemporary housing careers and their links to changing lives, places and inequalities. The chapter starts by recapping the key features of the life course perspective. It then reviews how the life course conceptual tools developed in Chapter 2 can be applied to integrate and synthesise what we know about housing and life course dynamics. Future applications of the twelve tools are then sketched before the chapter concludes with ten general guidelines about how best to apply life course insights to research, policy deliberations and simply when thinking about or discussing housing. This section is designed to be useful to anyone interested in understanding the social dimensions of contemporary housing issues.
Fighting for home: activism and resistance in precarious times
Authors: Nowicki Mel
Published: January 2024

Chapter 5 turns to consider how political attacks on home over the past decade have been resisted and challenged in a variety of ways. The chapter begins by exploring how activists have used legal frameworks to fight back against domicidal housing policies, for example social tenants taking the government to court over the discriminatory nature of the bedroom tax. The chapter then turns to more micro-scale ‘everyday’ forms of resistance, focusing on the example of a squatter crew disguising their squat as a hipster shop in order to hide in plain sight in gentrified London. I go on to examine the role of language use in resistance, particularly shifting terminology from ‘squatting’ to ‘occupation’ in order to enable a range of direct action responses to domicide. Finally, the chapter considers so-called ‘banal’ forms of resistance, exploring the ways in which homeless families work to reassert their dignity and right to home through material objects.
Theorising learning with technology
Authors: Hammond Michael
Published: January 2024

Chapter 2 established the importance of drawing on what has gone on before when theorising. This chapter continues by looking at past debates about learning theory and asking how should we think about learning theory now. There are six sections covering: behaviourist theories (the mind as a closed box); cognitivism (and the learner as meaning maker); social constructivism (and the inheritance of tools); community of practice and related theory; theories specific to technology mediation; and the implications of Big Data for theorising learning.
Teachers and technology: why does take-up seem so difficult?
Authors: Hammond Michael
Published: January 2024

In this chapter the take-up of technology is discussed. Here, there is a paradox, technology seems to offer considerable benefits to teachers and learners, teachers are generally keen, or say they are keen, on using it, but in practice technology often ends up under-used. To explain this paradox the chapter looks at research on: listing the factors in teacher take-up; school leadership and school reform; activity theory; and ecological approaches to change.
Optimism and pessimism when it comes to theorising technology
Authors: Hammond Michael
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores a wide theme: how far should we see technology, including its impact on education, in positive or negative terms? As such this chapter takes in wider narratives about technology, in particular narratives of optimism and pessimism, before arguing for a balanced view which accepts the need for education reform while offering a more critical and focused strategy for technology use.
Knowledge, politics and care: perspectives from Science and Technology Studies
Authors: Yuille Andy
Published: January 2024

This chapter sets out the theoretical underpinnings of the book, grounded in Science and Technology Studies (STS). It explores how this approach can bring a new and nuanced perspective to the issues at the heart of neighbourhood planning and participation more widely. It explores some of the concepts that are central to an STS analysis and relates them specifically to neighbourhood planning. These include treating all knowledge as situated rather than transcendent (situated knowledges), the effects of socio-technical imaginaries, considering objects of study as assemblages, the performativity of practices (the ways in which practices produce what they purport to merely describe), the co-production of knowledge and social order, the multiplicity of apparently singular phenomena, and the ‘ontological politics’ – the contestation of what is relevant and important in the world – which results. It concludes with a discussion of the recent turn to care as an object of study and methodology in STS. In relating these concepts to neighbourhood planning it problematises some of the key notions invoked by the discourse and practices of neighbourhood planning and participatory democracy more widely, facilitating alternative ways of understanding both the ways in which we represent the world, and the world itself.
Care and concern
Authors: Yuille Andy
Published: January 2024

This chapter addresses some of the neglected things in neighbourhood planning: the experiential knowledge and care for place that previous chapters have shown often get excluded. It begins by describing some of the attempts that neighbourhood planners made to engage with these knowledges and cares, and the difficulties they encountered in articulating, capturing and translating them into evidence. It draws on the concepts of matters of concern (Latour, 2004b) and matters of care (Puig de la Bellacasa, 2017) to develop a speculative reflection on ways in which these neglected things could more effectively be included. It reviews some examples of initiatives intended to incorporate such marginalised knowledges in planning and related processes, and considers how adapting a narrative approach to the production and presentation of evidence could facilitate this. It also considers the barriers and constraints to such innovation, and concludes that if it is to succeed on its own proclaimed terms, neighbourhood planning can and must do better at including the excluded things that matter to people.
COVID-19 and Drug Trends
Authors: Monaghan Mark , Hamilton Ian
Published: January 2024

This chapter aims to begin the process of exploring the impact of COVID-19 on drug trends and markets in the UK. Overall, it considers the impact of the pandemic on supply, though focusing more on changes in drug availability. It then considers how drug distribution has been impacted by responses to the pandemic (as well as specific responses to the drug issue). Moving on, it considers the impact of the pandemic on alcohol, noting some overlaps with the issues around other drugs. Finally, it considers the impact of the pandemic on drug harms.
Write Inside Sessions at HMP Manchester
Authors: Carnighan Maureen
Published: January 2024

“At the end of March it was looking increasingly like there would be a lockdown at HMP Manchester and at the time we were expecting it to last a few weeks. I decided to organize a competition for the men which might keep them occupied for some of this time.” This chapter provides unedited forms of written expression created by the residents of HMP Manchester during the first lockdown, without comment from the authors.
Commodification and decommodification
Authors: Murphy Mary P.
Published: January 2024

Chapter 1 begins by examining the contemporary globalised and financialised eco-political economy and draws on a Polanyian framework and concept of commodification. The chapter analyses the problem, the related social and ecological destruction, as commodification, and uses the concept of decommodification to frame potential solutions pointing to an ecosocial project that deemphases the role of the market in favour of an enhanced role for the state and society. It argues that states should focus on addressing need through social, public and local mechanisms in which we care for each other and put our planet at the centre of our policy processes. The chapter concludes by assessing the anchor case, Ireland’s political economy and its commodified policy and outcomes.
From unsustainable environmental outcomes to a post-growth world
Authors: Murphy Mary P.
Published: January 2024

This chapter demonstrates the impact of the highly financialised and commodified global regime on the environment. It outlines how we are approaching likely irreversible planetary tipping and how mitigating these effects will require radical transformation, no less than system change. Given the cost of climate transition is felt by those who can least afford it, the chapter explores the need for transitional justice and welfare state intervention at a global level. Rejecting technological adjustments and price mechanisms as the primary mechanisms to achieve such transformation, it argues a post-growth orientation offers a potential pathway to decommodification and just transition. The chapter concludes by reflecting on how Ireland’s political economy impacts negatively on local and global ecological sustainability and biodiversity.
Universal Basic Services
Authors: Murphy Mary P.
Published: January 2024

Building on Chapters 3 and 4, Chapter 5 examines how to best meet people’s basic non-substitutable needs in ways that enable ecological and societal wellbeing. Some needs, for example, clothing, can likely be met within the scope of the market, but many needs are best provided through state, social or collective mechanisms. Reducing collective consumption offers the best potential to reduce emissions and safeguard natural resources, while also being key to more equal outcomes. The chapter draws heavily on the concept of UBS which are key to reducing reliance on the market to satisfy essential needs and are a central building block of a more decommodified ecosocial state. The first section of the chapter argues for the importance of collective needs and against market provision, it makes the case for reciprocity, and state, society and economic democracy, all of which can be promoted through UBS. The second section of the chapter further clarifies the concept of UBS, unpacks the functions of the state, and uses care services to ground the discussion of UBS. The Irish case study offers a blueprint for UBS and universal care in Ireland.
Participation Income
Authors: Murphy Mary P.
Published: January 2024

The focus of this chapter is on income support. A fundamental overhaul of existing welfare trajectories means shifting away from institutions and policies that ‘commodify’ labour and prioritise productivity growth and employment as the primary mechanism to social citizenship. Decommodification requires that policy and practice promote socially useful work and greater varieties of participation beyond the labour market that facilitate reciprocal interdependent care relationships throughout our life cycles. The income support system needs to complement principles of an enabling and facilitating welfare system that primarily works through UBS to meet collective needs. The first section of this chapter explores a spectrum of income support options including universal basic income (UBI), minimum income guarantees (MIG) and PI. The mid-section of the chapter offers PI as an example of a state income support system that de-emphasises production, consumption and employment, and enables and values other forms of work, while recovering time for activities that have social and ecological value such as providing care, democratic participation and sustaining the environment. The Irish case study offers a blueprint for income support reform towards a PI, building on the experience of pandemic income supports, and a subsequent artist basic income pilot in Ireland.
Power and mobilisation
Authors: Murphy Mary P.
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores how an ecosocial welfare future can emerge. It is located in a Polanyian understanding that social protection emerges as the response of a double movement from society pressuring the state to re-regulate the disembedded economy to better serve the needs of society. This chapter is realistic about the strong structural power of those who benefit most from maintaining the status quo, and in this context unpacks concepts of power, domination, empowerment and transformation. The chapter begins to tease out the politics of transformation and how the concept of ecosocial welfare can offer a focus for a wider struggle for transformation. The chapter then discusses whether crisis might be an opportunity for change, concluding that crisis acts more as an accelerant of change and how important it is to be ‘ready now’. The second part of the chapter explores civil society as a space for agency and mobilisation. It asks how various movements, including those seeking gender, climate and economic justice, might coalesce to pressure for a new form of ecosocial welfare? Understanding strategic logics of transformation assists us in identifying barriers to effective transformation and inclusive participation in collective action. The Irish case study focuses on power and recent transformative moments in Ireland.
Imaginaries and ideas
Authors: Murphy Mary P.
Published: January 2024

The focus of this chapter is on our ecosocial political imaginary and a chicken and egg conundrum: the relationship between mobilisation and alternatives. Alternatives should not be highly developed policy blueprints or detailed maps, but they do have to signal the direction and starting point of change. The chapter first argues for policy imagination and for the need to articulate alternatives in the tradition of ‘realist pragmatism’ or ‘real utopias’. It assesses the role of ideas in orienting change during crisis. The second section of the chapter examines the importance of framing alternatives in constructive, offensive rather than defensive, language capable of mobilising a wide range of actors, uniting rather than dividing society and offering hope in being ‘for’ rather than ‘against’. This underscores the importance of who participates in articulating alternatives and ‘vocabularies of our imagination’. The Irish section reviews examples of framing transformative ideas in recent constitutional referendums in Ireland.
Analysing the History of British Social Welfare
Authors: Parker Jonathan
Published: January 2024

This book examines some of the reasons why social welfare in Britain is reproduced in the ways it is, and what driving forces underpin welfare policies and practice. In doing so, it exposes some of the underlying dynamic and psychosocial links, including the opposing elements of human compassion and coercion to contribute and produce economically. Hidden assumptions and underlying, unspoken beliefs about social welfare are uncovered. Theoretically, social welfare is conceptualised in psychosocial terms as an ambivalent activity and policy domain, embedded within the fabric of British society and sometimes championed by those in power and the general public, while, at others, those in receipt of benefits are demonised, while those providing and promoting welfare may also be so stigmatised. The oppositional forces in social welfare (of good and bad recipients or deserving and undeserving ones) are framed within a context of psychosocial ambivalence. Social welfare is discussed as something which is both loved and feared, which helps explain the complexities arising within the diverse histories of welfare development, implementation and reform.
A brief history of British social welfare
Authors: Parker Jonathan
Published: January 2024

In Chapter 2 we present an overview of key historical changes in human social welfare from early bio-archaeological records, the development of organised religious charity, political beginnings and British Poor Law, comparative developments in other countries in Europe and around the world to the development of the British welfare state set in an international context. We consider the fall of the consensus and neoliberal, marketised challenges to collective approaches to compassion and social welfare. The chapter delineates how the concept of social welfare is being employed, considering formal (governmental) and informal (philanthropy, charity/third sector, familial) approaches to care, support and welfare. It is in this chapter that we see some of the continuities and recycling of welfare discourses and practices.
Philosophical binaries and normative judgements
Authors: Parker Jonathan
Published: January 2024

Chapter 3 examines the development and perpetuation of binary distinctions between deserving and undeserving, skivers and strivers and other moral-judgemental views that reflect normative positions and popular approaches to social welfare. Lévi-Strauss’ theoretical position concerning binary oppositions offers a critique of the normative understanding of people in receipt of, delivering or posturing about the reasons why people received social welfare and/or benefits. It considers the power play that stems from these views using a range of examples from the Elizabethan Poor Law through the development of the welfare state and the divisive and pejorative views that are fostered to maintain ambivalence in support for social welfare. These discourses underpin debates through the subsequent chapters.
Chocolate, flowers and social welfare reform
Authors: Parker Jonathan
Published: January 2024

Chapter 4 examines the contribution of philanthropy and philanthropists to social welfare. It is not only the Cadburys’ concern for their workers that links chocolate and welfare, but includes Elizabeth Fry’s campaign for prison reform, especially for women in prison; and also Seebohm Rowntree’s concerns and the development, alongside Charles Booth, of the social survey sociology as a political tool to highlight the plight of people in poverty. When we consider flowers we extend the philanthropic reach to consider the development of spaces, worker well-being and the development of garden cities. This chapter examines the centrality of religion-inspired and humanistic philanthropy in the development of welfare approaches to the twin goals of economy and compassion. Theoretically, the balance of these seemingly antithetical bedfellows shows again ambivalence and hidden aspects, or discourses, shown only when one digs under the everyday notions of philanthropic action and how those acting philanthropically are viewed.
War: the paradoxical crucible of welfare reform
Authors: Parker Jonathan
Published: January 2024

In Chapter 5 we explore our ambivalent attitude towards welfare, further considering the contribution of war and conflict in addressing welfare demands for those left behind or bereaved, whose living spaces are ransacked, crops and livelihoods destroyed, and for those returning disabled, injured or simply demobbed and jobless. The burden of care has often been borne by women who were more likely to have needy dependents and to lack independent means. Alongside the needs created by misfortune and difficult times, developments in care and welfare have taken place. We have known that invention takes off at times of national need, necessity being the ‘mother of invention’. This chapter examines war, warfare and its place in demanding and creating the conditions for the reform of welfare in Britain.
The outcomes of social care reform
Authors: Needham Catherine , Hall Patrick
Published: January 2024

This chapter considers whether the UK’s nations have achieved the outcomes that they aimed for. It begins by highlighting the increased focus on outcomes within care policy in all four nations. In goes on to highlight that some of policy reforms are in tension, meaning that it is unlikely that they can all meet their desired outcomes at the same time. While formal outcomes measures do not exist across the four nations, none of them has fully reformed their care systems, and progress on outcomes in the four is fairly similar. Scotland is the most ‘active’ of the four nations, but this may have contributed to policy overload, which has hampered implementation. Uncertain outcomes and complexity remain key elements of care policy in all four nations. In all four, funding reform is incomplete; personalisation and self-direction has stalled, at least in relation to individualised funding; carers’ rights have not been implemented; integration has failed to deliver clear benefits; and registration and improved pay for care workers in some jurisdictions has been welcome, but may have intensified capacity issues and assures neither quality work nor quality care.