bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative assessment of reliability indicators and parameters of the bearings using different estimation methods
Authors: Morariu C O , Zaharia S M
Published: January 2021

The paper depicts the method of statistical processing of experimental results, obtained by testing bearings on the test stands, using the maximum likelihood estimators and/or Best Linear Invariant Estimator. To verify statistical assumptions regarding parameters and reliability indicators of bearings, as well as, to determine confidence intervals, the article contains two original algorithms that allow obtaining values of some specific random variables by Monte Carlo numerical simulation. The statistical inferences are made through these values. The paper also, contains two case studies using data from failures and time truncated tests of bearings.
The methodology of economic recovery of commercial companies in crisis conditions
Authors: Panazan O , Gheorghe C , Calefariu G
Published: January 2021

Even though commercial companies play a really important role in the economic functioning and development, now, in crisis conditions, the future for some of them is unknown. As a result of the release of crisis caused by „Coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome 2, abbreviated SARS-CoV-2”, these companies are facing novel negative situations, not being able to manifest temporarily or normally the activity. From a systematic point of view, this crisis has the role of a really powerful disturbing factor. The creditors and investors are in a similar fragile situation. This paper identifies some scientific methods which can decrease the negative appeared problems, building models that take into account the limited resources that companies face and that they can lead to improving their economic situation. As an application, part of the essay presents the synthesis of the main assets and malfunctions of a company established in Romania. The elaboration of future strategies will be achieved through the systematic research of the admissible bases, aiming at maximizing the objective function. The type of equilibrium by reverse induction will be established, thus obtaining the set of the best cost variants. Linear programming will generate the optimal solution capable of exploiting the opportunities offered by the market with a minimal impact of disruptive factors.
An approach regarding some performances of a FESTO pneumatic muscle actuator
Authors: Petre I M
Published: January 2021

This paper presents some performances of a pneumatic actuated artificial muscle, manufactured by FESTO. Pneumatic muscles are novel actuators, constructed by an elastic membrane covered with a braided mesh, based on a contraction principle: inflated, it shorts its length with a certain dimension depending on the compressed air pressure. Those muscles are known for their wide application in industry and robotics, as actuators. The aim of this study is to find operational behaviour of a pneumatic muscle. Some experiments was made, in order to prove the maximum contraction of the muscle, the evolution of the contraction at different pressures and loads. The results obtained are graphical plotted. Based on the obtained results, it was made an analysis and identified the best fit equation for the data. The experimental research carried out highlighted that the pneumatic muscles offers many advantages and disadvantages in terms of their behaviour in operation.
Mobile emergency notification apps: current state, barriers and future potential
Authors: Repanovici R , Nedelcu A
Published: January 2021

The main objective of this research is to show that mobile emergency alert apps have the potential to support the Emergency Management system all over the world. Domain experts conducted the decision-making process by evaluating three methods for communicating in an emergency situation: Voice Call, SMS and Mobile Applications. To establish the relative weights of evaluation criteria, the Multi-Criteria Analysis was used. The findings suggest that the ideal solution for communicating during an emergency is alternative no. 3, the Mobile Application. Following the result, we discussed the current state, barriers and future potential of mobile emergency alert applications used for emergency notifications.
Study of the deviation of shape for the parts obtained by additive manufacturing
Authors: Rizea A D , Anghel D C , Iordache D M
Published: January 2021

3D printing or additive manufacturing is a parts manufacturing process using a digital model can be drawn using suitable computer aided design (CAD) They can be created using 3D printing products of almost any shape. This article presents research concerning the deviation in shape of the parts obtained by additive manufacturing (3D printing). The digital model was made with Catia V5 and was imported by the 3D machine software to obtain the prototyping codes for nine specimens. The specimens were made according to a Taguchi L9 plan. On the basis of the code obtained with the printer software, the parts have been prototyped, using the Z-ULTRAT material with a ZORTRAX M200 printer. The input data that were varied are: layer thickness, infill and orientation. For each part obtained by 3D printing were measured: circularity, flatness and dimensional accuracy. All parts were measured and a database was created and following the regression analysis performed with the Minitab19 software was establish the influence of the parameters on the deviations and dimensional accuracy.
Making Industry 4.0 functionalities understandable based on the production of a model car
Authors: Roman S , Bunsen C
Published: January 2021

At the University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, an Industry 4.0 use case was implemented with the c-factory, the so-called concept factory. This use case consists of building an individual model car. The focus here is not on the model car, but rather on mapping the entire product life cycle and the Industry 4.0 functionalities during the production. These are, as identified at the FHWS/FM: networking, the Internet of Things, flexible production, human-robot-collaboration, augmented reality, additive manufacturing and Big Data. The foundation stone was laid as part of a student project and, with its unique form of enabling didactic, serves not only to demonstrate and understand Industry 4.0, but also ensures that all participants take on the role of both learner and teacher. Through this, both sides support each other in expanding the use case and hereby broaden their own (educational) horizons.
Generation of precessional gear teeth by plastic deformation
Authors: Trifan N , Ciobanu R , Ciobanu O
Published: January 2021

The correct choice of the dimensions of the workpiece product is one of the main problems, the solution of which depends on the reduction of the consumption of materials and energy, as well as the quality of the wheels obtained by plastic deformation. Referring to the manufacture of conical wheels with convex-concave profile of the teeth by knurling, the height of the teeth is determined by the condition of the equal volume of metal that moves from the gaps between the teeth to their tip during the plastic deformation by rolling. The use of methods for the manufacture of teeth without chipping will allow the increase of the utilization coefficient of expensive materials.
Effect of welding electrode variation on dissimilar metal weld of 316l stainless steel and steel ST41
Authors: Pahlawan I A , Arifin A A , Marliana E , Irawan H
Published: January 2021

The propeller shaft is part of the ship which transmitting rotation from engine to propeller. The shaft is also used in small-medium size of fisherman boat. In order to reduce the cost of production, dissimilar metal bases are used by joining Steel ST41 and 316L Stainless Steel in process. This research was conducted to analyze effect of welding electrode towards tensile strength, macrostructure, and microstructure of Steel ST41 and 316L Stainless Steel welded metal. Two variations of electrode that used in this paper were E309-L and E6013 with Shielded Metal Arc Welding process (SMAW). The other parameter such as current was set at 80 A and voltage was set at 20 V with 20 mm/min welding travel speed. The results of tensile test show average tensile strength max (σmax) of E309-L and E6013 electrode were 581,42 MPa and 599,24 MPa respectively. These results show that welding process is increasing the maximum tensile strength from base material strength level. The microstructure test interpretation shows E309-L electrode has lower possibility to create delta ferrite in HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) rather than E6013 electrode. This means welding process with E6013 tends to have lower corrosion resistance.
Numerical study of aerodynamics across three models car generation
Authors: Vaziri N , Syamsuri  , Lillahulhaq Z , Arifin A A , Achmad F Z
Published: January 2021

Many automotive companies are adding new devices and features to the latest generation of cars. Some changes such as the addition of an adds-on device and car design lead to changes in the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle. this study will be carried out on the changes in the aerodynamic properties of the 3 generations of Model cars: Model 1, Model 2 and Model 3 in 2 D Steady state simulation. The car simulated in various numbers of velocities in 40 km/h, 60 km/h, 80 km/h and 100 km/h. The characteristics of aerodynamic force around the car are discussed in this paper from the qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative which used as measurable data are Coefficient of drag (CD). Quantitative data has better visual explanation of the stream characteristic. The qualitative data which used in this paper are path line and velocity contours. The validation process is conducted with the previous research and the average error was 5%. The results showed that Model 2 has the most aerodynamic design than the other type due to the drag coefficient was lower than the other type.
Lateral bearing capacity analysis of pile foundation using a spring modelling system
Authors: Propika J , Lestari L L , Puspasari A D
Published: January 2021

Pile foundations are often required to resist lateral loads and moments in addition to their primary use as axially loaded members. The interaction between material strength of axial, moment and shear against load capacity and soil interaction is the most important factors in the pile analysis. This study aims to obtain the lateral bearing capacity of pile foundation using a spring modelling system which will be calculated manually for the Kv spring constant in the vertical direction and the kh coefficient in the horizontal direction using the Nakazawa method and SAP 2000 v14.2.5 program. The result shows that the maximum shear load and the maximum axial tensile load received by the pile is still within the allowable shear load and allowable axial tensile load capacity resulting from the manual calculation. However, the maximum axial compression load and maximum moment is exceeded its each allowable capacity. Hence, it is necessary to re-modelling by adding the depth or number of piles.
Design and integration of portable health sensors
Authors: Rasyid M U H A , Martono He Y , Ariyadi B N D , Nasution I N
Published: January 2021

Body Area Network is a measurement concept using sensors with a pair directly attached to the body to monitor the condition directly. The benefits in the world of health are enormous plus remote monitoring capabilities. Currently the use of medical devices as a means of detecting heart conditions, blood pressure, and so forth is still considered less efficient, because in every health tool required several sensors and different platforms. Thus, the idea for integrating these sensors is to improve service quality and tool efficiency and time, to meet the Body Area Network concept, this research proposes a new approach to direct health monitoring. The purpose of this research is to integrate some medical devices such as Temperature, Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electromyogram (EMG), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) and SPO2 Pulseoxymeter into one platform portable health sensor equipped with two delivery media for data storage that is by using Bluetooth and network Wi-Fi so that in a health check only use one tool. In the application of the results of the use of GSR, ECG and EMG sensors in the form of graphs that can be seen fluctuations based on measurements in the body, and on the use of temperature sensors and SPO2 Pulseoxymeter results from visualization on the sensor in accordance with the measuring value range in normal body.
Performance analysis of two layer leach algorithm based on area partition (tl-leach-p) for wsn
Authors: Rasyid M U H A , Permatasari D I , Karim D J
Published: January 2021

Currently, much research has been done to develop routing algorithms to improve the lifetime of sensors from Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Routing protocols based on the network structure can be classified into two categories: flat protocols and hierarchical protocols. One of the most popular hierarchical protocols is the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) algorithm. However, LEACH routing has a high packet loss in a busy network. This research propose Two Layer LEACH based on area Partition (TL-LEACH-P) routing algorithm based on the LEACH routing algorithm where the cave layer is done to prioritize the node that can become Cluster Head to decrease energy consumption. LEACH and TL-LEACH-P algorithms are simulated using MATLAB. The results show that the TL-LEACH-P algorithm has a better performance of 60% reaching LEACH in terms of network lifetime. The TL-LEACH-P algorithm has a 50% increase in the round where 50% of the nodes are dead from LEACH. Best TL-LEACH-P algorithm performance is when the k cluster value = 5. And best performance for LEACH algorithm is when the k cluster value = 15.
Physics and chemical activation to produce activated carbon from empty palm oil bunches waste
Authors: Budianto A , Kusdarini E , Amrullah N H , Ningsih E , Udyani K , Aidawiyah A
Published: January 2021

This research was conducted by laboratory-scale trials to make activated carbon from empty oil palm bunches. Empty bunches were palm oil processing industrial waste. This research was an effort to optimize waste management. Empty palm oil bunches were studied to become carbon active. Activated carbon is needed to meet the needs of the food industry and non-food industries. This research aimed to determine the appropriate method, optimal operating condition, and get the specification of standard carbon active. Making activated carbon was carried out by multiple activations; chemical and physical. The feed carbonation process was conducted at 400° C for 4 hours with N2 gas flow. After the charcoal is formed, chemical activation is carried out using an H3PO4 activator with a concentration of 9-15% wt. Physical activity was conducted by heating the activated carbon method in 700°C for an hour. The result of the study showed that multiple activations produced activated carbon, and the quality filled the standard. H3PO4 concentration of 13% was the most appropriate concentration to provide activated carbon with the best quality. The best quality activated carbon, which has produced of this research has complied with Indonesian National Standards 06-3730-1995 with parameters: 3% moisture content, 3.92% ash content, 0.7% volatile matter, 95.38% bonded carbon, iodine number 945.47 mg / g, and surface area of 272.9 m2/g.
Monitoring of road damage detection systems using image processing methods and Google Map
Authors: Sulistyowati R , Suryowinoto A , Sujono H A , Iswahyudi I
Published: January 2021

In the traffic environment, accidents often occur due to road conditions with holes. This can be fatal for motorcycle riders and car drivers. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a road contour damage information system by detecting potholes on the highway and reporting damage on Google’s maps. So road users, especially vehicle drivers, can be careful when they want to pass that road. The method used in this paper, which uses Werner D. Streidt algorithm threshold values and edge detection in digital image processing to detect holes in the road, as well as mark the coordinates of hole locations and uploads them on Google’s maps, using the Raspberry Pi two embedded devices as a management center data, with a 6M NEO U-box Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor, as geotagging location and CSI camera interface. A A raspberry pi 2 for taking pictures of road surface contours. System testing is carried out in several stages at different times. In daytime conditions, in sunny weather, the system’s success rate in detecting potholes is 83.2%. Whereas with tree barriers, the success rate is 67%, with detection failure 33%. In conclusion, this system succeeded in showing all points of the hole location by giving a mark on the Google Map display application.
Maritime industry - ports and supporting activities: literature review
Authors: Monteiro Juvinal Lucas , Lukmandono  , Santoso Pramudya Imawan , Prabowo Rony
Published: January 2021

Queues are waiting for lines from customers to get service. The queue is caused by the needs of consumers to be served beyond the ability of service facilities, so consumers who come cannot immediately get service. Queue problems at ports often occur every day. Ship loading and unloading services is a queuing phenomenon in daily life. This queue can be caused by damage to the equipment that supports loading and unloading, labor, availability of warehouses, and the limited capacity of berths at berths and others. In maintaining optimal port services, it is necessary to avoid long waiting times and low queuing system utilities. Queues at the mooring service system occur due to mismatch between planning and realization. Waiting time for vessels inside and outside the port area is calculated using the simulation method in queuing theory so that it becomes a queuing model. Until finally, it produces the optimum berthing service system. Based on the simulation results obtained value, and which is much shorter than the conditions on realization. The potential causes of these conditions are divided into three factors, namely, internal factors, external factors, and weather factors.
Study of catamaran fishing vessel based on wind energy
Authors: Santoso P , Utama I
Published: January 2021

Amid the Covid19 Pandemic, the world is currently experiencing a difficult time. The impact of the chain due to soaring crude oil prices on world markets has been felt by all levels of society. Responding to this, austerity movements in various sectors are needed in order to create alternative solutions to the dependence of FO to get through difficult times. In the sea transportation sector, the use of fuel for motorized vessels is not only uneconomical but also environmentally unfriendly. The dependence on fossil fuels energy has led to the development of the concept of energy efficient vessels that use alternative energy sources in moving ships. This is anticipated by the re-use of sails in the form of Sailboats (SB) which are applied as fishing vessels. This paper presents a study of the efficient use of wind energy in SB as a boat mover that does not utilize fuel for the development of environmentally friendly fishing vessels. Technical analysis is done through testing the ship model in the Towing Tank then the results are explored by Naval Architect theories. In conclusion, there is a potential savings in fuel consumption by 100% when compared to ships that have only engine-driven.
The experiment of ambient wind speed and argon flow rate on tig welding process
Authors: Suheni  , Rosidah A A , Lillahulhaq Z , Ridhlo I A , Wardani I P
Published: January 2021

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is one of the most popular welding which has high quality welds. TIG welding can be used for all kinds of welding positions and high efficient. During the welding process, the welding specimen and the heat affected zone (HAZ) affected by a series of thermal cycles where the area warms up to a maximum temperature then followed by cooling process. The thermal cycle affects the microstructure of the welding specimen and HAZ. By controlling these parameters to reach the right heat cycle, the mechanical property of the weld metal can be improved and maintain the microstructure of the weld metal. This study is conducted an experiment to determine the effect of different wind velocity around the TIG welding material. Moreover, this study also discuss the effect of shielding gas flow rate on TIG type welding on JIS G 3131 SPHC steel material. The welding area and HAZ the higher the wind speed the hardness value tends to decrease. Because there is a difference in cooling speed and heat input on weld metal and HAZ.
The improvement of sea highway route by using parallel insertion and exhaustive search
Authors: Subiantoro I , Lukmandono  , Santoso P I , Suroso H C
Published: January 2021

Indonesia contains of island and ocean which perform some problems in logistics delivery such as create a gap between west side and east side of Indonesia. A sea highway program were made by president to send logistics to be more effective and efficient. This program has been implemented for four years recently but still has many adjusment such as creating the best route of sea highway. This research try to create a better route of sea highway by using tour constraction to create an initial route in two steps, clark and wright saving matriks and parallel insertion. The second method is tour improvement aims to generate a new route after initial route by using exhaustive search. Five route of sea highway are generated in tour constraction and two route has been adjusted in the tour improvement because of a better score came up. The improvement of fourth route from Depot-Malahayati-Batam-Telukbayur-Depot becomes Depot-Malahayati-Telukbayur-Batam-Depot and second route still being the same but there also another option of route which has 18 score different from the best route score, those are Depot-Sampit-Samarinda-Balikpapan-Pontianak-Depot.
Wind speed prediction using extreme learning machine and neural network for resolving uncertainty in microgrids
Authors: Seprijanto A , Syai’in M , Putra D F U , Rohiem N H , Putra N P U , Munir M
Published: January 2021

Wind energy is one of the several types of renewable energy that exist today. however, wind energy has a high degree of uncertainty due to weather effects. Wind speed prediction is needed to determine the energy that wind turbines can produce at each unit. For optimizing wind speed schedulling, the accuracy of wind speed prediction is considered. Extreme learning machine (ELM) and neural network (NN) is implemented to predict hourly wind speed for 24 hour and power generation from wind turbines can produce. Wind speed probability data is taken from sidrap wind farms in indonesia. To determine the performance of wind predictions based on the error value between actual and predicted, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is applied.
The effect of polyethylene glycol addition on the synthesis of solid acid catalyst and its applications in esterification reaction
Authors: Julaika S , Widiyastuti W , Setyawan H
Published: January 2021

Synthesis of a catalyst by a sol-gel method is commonly conducted using a template to form pores to increase the number of active sites. In this work, mesoporous silica-carbon composites were prepared by sol-gel method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 as the template. Sodium silicate, commercially known as water glass, a cheap material, was used as the silica source. Here, PEG 6000 served as both the carbon source and the template. The silica-PEG composite was then carbonized at 550°C for 1 h to obtain silica-carbon composite. The sulfonate group was grafted into the composite by sulfonation with sulfuric acid at 100°C for 5 h. The sulfonated silica-carbon catalyst had a surface area of approximately 1490.8 m2/g. The very high surface area was able to hold a large amount of sulfonate group resulting an ion capacity of approximately 2.09. The composite was successfully be used as heterogeneous catalyst for esterification of acetic acid with ethanol with a conversion of 90.27%, higher than that of commercially Flotrol F-007.
Design concept of reinforced concrete beams with large web openings
Authors: Pertiwi D , Komara I , Fristian R
Published: January 2021

This paper presents numerical investigations in studying large web openings. Based on the previous guidelines, the web openings in reinforced concrete beams are being investigated. The simple verification design procedure is followed by ACI-318. In general, web openings have to consider a certain position so that each chord sides imply a sufficient area to expand the ultimate compression in flexure and give the appropriate reinforcement. In this case, two openings are placed nearly to one-half from support on each side. The analysis follows the recommended procedure for elastic bending moments and shear forces while the deflections are evaluated both in the short and long-term periods. It is found that the beam with a large web opening meets the required standard in all aspects, but it is indicative of having a large moment.
Determining the weight of the hammer based on expert experience for estimating load-carrying capacity
Authors: Wardani M K , Aulady M F N , Frido W , Hendri S
Published: January 2021

Inexperience geotechnical engineer has difficulty in specifying the best type of weight of the hammer. Here, this study aims to help inexperience geotechnical engineers to decide the optimum weight of the hammer on the pile driving machine. The Bayes method is applied to decide between drop hammer and diesel hammer pile driving machines. Furthermore, we interviewed the expert by several questions about the criteria of the best pile driving machine using a Likert scale. The result suggests that the best type of pile driving is Drop Hammer. The weight of the hammer required to carry out the piling process is 0.9 ton. Recommendations for allowable bearing use the Meyerhof 1976 method. This condition meets the workload that more 141.14 tons at a depth of 26 m when using a square pile dimension of 35 x 35 and 40 x 40 cm. The dimensions are 45 x 45 cm, the recommended depth of piles is 26 m. the allowable bearing carrying when compared with the dynamic capacity using the Hilley, ENR, and WIKA methods meet the requirement. This is given the result of the allowable load-carrying capacity of 170 tons that less than 280 tons until 390 tons at dynamic capacity.
Household electricity network monitoring based on IoT with of automatic power factors improvement using neural network method
Authors: Nugroho D. C. , Mayaratri Y. , Syai’in M. , Hasin M. K. , Rohiem N. H. , Putra N. P. U. , Soeprijanto A
Published: January 2021

The development of installed capacity in power plants in 2018 was 41.696 MW or increased from the previous year in 2017 amounted to 39.652 MW (PLN Statistics, 2018). This has an impact on the reduced availability of fuel due to overexploitation. The highest energy sold per customer group in 2018 was the household customer group that was 41.7% higher than the industrial sector customer group by 32.8% (PLN Statistics, 2018). At present the use of electronic equipment for household needs is increasingly diverse. Many equipment that is often used in daily life is electronic equipment that is inductive load. Inductive load causes the value of the power factor to fall so that the power usage (Watt) becomes less than optimal. To overcome the problem caused by the large number of inductive loads a reactive power compensator is needed which is to use a capacitor. In this final project, a system designed to be able to measure and correct power factors automatically uses the Neural Network method and can monitor power online based on IoT. The results of testing the power factor improvement system were 97.8% successful in the trained electric load and 94.8% in the untrained electrical load.
Voice Pathology Detection Based on Deep Neural Network Approach
Authors: Raj Jeberson Retna , Jabez J , Senduru Srinivasulu S , Gowri S , Vimali J S
Published: January 2021

The advancement of technology offers solution to the complex problems faced by the society and brings the wellbeing of the individuals. Smart healthcare is prominent nowadays for diagnosis, treatment and constant monitoring which reduces visitation of hospital, transport cost and waiting time. Voice pathology is a decease which affects the person vocal cord so that one who facing difficult in speech. If the decease not identified in time, it leads to permanent loss of voice for an individual. Traditionally, the decease is identified through oral examination or manual procedures. Due to the advent of smart phone, one can record the voice and send it to the cloud server for processing. Our system classifies the voice data and provides the decision to the user. This greatly reduces the transport cost, and waiting time for oral examination at medical center. The mobile phone recorded the patient voice data and it will be stored into the cloud. The voice data is synthesized to signals and with the help of deep Neural network the voice pathology can be identified. The system has been tested with the data set and the test result shows promising.
Various Methods of Link Design for Transferring Data in Wireless Sensor Networks for different Applications
Authors: Tiwari Richa , Kumar Rajesh
Published: January 2021

This paper offers the different type transmission schemes used in wireless sensor networks. The wireless sensor network used in a number of applications such as Agriculture, Military, Medical, Multimedia etc. According to the applications there are different quality of service parameters and designing requirements for different layers in network design. While designing any ad hoc network or sensor network many designing principals and challenges are taken into consideration. For the designing of protocols layering in ad hoc sensor network basically a five layer model is taken into consideration. These layers are application, transport, network, Medium access control and physical layer. In this paper different types of designing constraints associated with physical and medium access layer has been introduced for different applications in sensor networks. In that manner this paper helps us to select the designing of a link for particular application.
Single Dual-X Current Conveyor based BASK/BPSK Modulators
Authors: Nand Deva
Published: January 2021

Two voltage mode digital modulators have been proposed i.e. Binary Amplitude Shift Keying (BASK) modulator and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulator. Both circuits use Dual-X Second Generation Current Conveyor (DXCCII) as the active building block and have the advantages of proper input impedances and use of grounded resistor. Detailed mathematical analysis of both circuits are given. The circuits have been simulated with SPICE using 0.35µm CMOS technology parameters. The supply voltage of ±1.8 V is used. Much satisfactory results have been obtained with the proposed circuits.
Piece-wise linear regression: A new approach to predict COVID-19 spreading
Authors: Senapati Apurbalal , Maji Soumen , Mondal Arunendu
Published: January 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the most rapidly evolving global emergency since March 2020 and one of the most exercised topics in all aspects of the world. So far there are numerous articles that have been published related to COVID-19 in various disciplines of science and social context. Since from the very beginning, researchers have been trying to address some fundamental questions like how long it will sustain when it will reach the peak point of spreading, what will be the population of infections, cure, or death in the future. To address such issues researchers have been used several mathematical models from the very beginning around the world. The goal of such predictions is to take strategic control of the disease. In most of the cases, the predictions have deviated from the real data. In this paper, a mathematical model has been used which is not explored earlier in the COVID-19 predictions. The contribution of the work is to present a variant of the linear regression model is the piece-wise linear regression, which performs relatively better compared to the other existing models. In our study, the COVID-19 data set of several states of India has been used.
Adopting Sustainable Farming: Implications of Renewable Energy and ICT
Authors: Dash S. , Choudhury S.
Published: January 2021

Contemporary sustainable farming balances higher productivity with a focus on green technological intervention. The green intervention such as renewable energy and information communication technology (ICT) though have been widely accepted by other sectors, farming community yet to yield the dividend from these two tools. In this paper, a modified technology acceptance model has been presented with a focus towards the adoptability of actual sustainable farming. Further, a success story of sustainable farming with the intervention of ICT is discussed. Finally, interdependency of renewable energy and ICT is elaborated with a focus to formulate a generalized theme towards feasibility of actual sustainability farming is presented.
Saliency Detection in Text Documents using Policy-Driven Reinforcement Learning Methodologies
Authors: Meena Gaurav , Choudhary Sarika , Choudhary Ravi Raj
Published: January 2021

As the amount of information grows, it is challenging to find concise information. Thus it is necessary to build a system that could present human quality summaries. Saliency detection is a tool that provides abstracts or keywords of a given document. In this paper, three different approaches have been implemented for saliency detection. In all these three approaches, sentences are represented as a feature vector. In the first approach, features like root words, vocabulary intersections, words, and inclusion of numerical data use. This model is trained by using general Algorithms, Like Porter’s Stemmer, Spell check. In the second approach, apart from the features used in the first approach, TF-IDF scores, Mean, Standard Deviation, and a Threshold value of a word is also used as features. In the third approach, Maximal Marginal Relevance (MMR) algorithm is used to generate a summary.
Comparison of NMOS and PMOS Input Driving Dynamic Comparator in 45nm Technology
Authors: Hussain S , Kumar R , Trivedi G
Published: January 2021

A comparison of NMOS and PMOS input driving dynamic comparator is carried out in 45nm technology. NMOS driving dynamic comparator shows lesser delay and consumes less power as compared to PMOS driving comparator. The advantage of the later is the noise immunity at higher frequencies. The normalized energy-noise-delay-product (ENDP) for NMOS dynamic comparator and PMOS dynamic comparator is 2.08 and 4.48, respectively.
Sentiment analysis and prediction of Indian stock market amid Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Gondaliya Chetan , Patel Ajay , Shah Tirthank
Published: January 2021

Outbreak and spread of the Covid-19 pandemic have touched to the core of our sentiments. Indian stock market has seen a roller coaster ride so far this year amid the Covid-19 pandemic. Sentiments have turned out to be a significant influence on the movement of the Indian stock market and pandemic has only added more steam. This study with the limelight on the Covid-19 pandemic is an endeavour to investigate the classification accuracy of selected ML algorithms under natural language processing for sentiment analysis and prediction for the Indian stock market. The study proposes the framework for sentiment analysis and prediction for the Indian stock market where six ML algorithms are put to test. Consequently, the study highlights the superior algorithms based on accuracy results. These superior algorithms can be potent input to build robust prediction models as a logical next step.
Modelling of acetaminophen release from hydroxyethylcellulose/polyacrylamide hydrogel
Authors: Díaz-Guerrero Abigail M , Castillo-Miranda Claudia A , Peraza-Vázquez Hernán , Morales-Cepeda Ana B , Peña-Delgado Adrián F , Rivera-Armenta José L , Castro-Guerrero Carlos F
Published: January 2021

Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer which is responsive to the temperature and pH values that can be reached by the human body. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) is a biocompatible and absorbent material which is highly used as a Drug Delivery System (DDS) due to its swelling capacity. In this work, a composite of HEC and PAAm was synthesized at a ratio of 25/75 wt% in order to evaluate its use as a transdermal DDS for acetaminophen. Drug release tests were performed in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 35, 37, and 39 °C. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model was presented as a mathematical optimization problem and solved by Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. Additionally, drug release data was modelled by Multigene Symbolic Regression (MSR) based on Genetic Programming (GP) algorithm. A drug release mathematical model was generated by MSR. The model is capable to reliably describe the kinetics of acetaminophen release from HEC/PAAm and to predict the concentrations of drug that is released in times beyond the experiment runtime.
Electronic properties of hybrid WS2/MoS2 multilayer on flexible PET
Authors: Faraduan I , Handayani I P , Diandra D A , Delima H , Fathona I W
Published: January 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials transition metal dichalcogenide compound (TMDC), which stack-together and form van der Waals heterostructures, have created interesting phenomena due to their interlayer interactions and their great potential for atomic-scale devices. Various electrical properties have been investigated. The presence of vacancies and their related charge trappings have been reported to affect the electrical properties. In this study, we investigate the electrical properties of hybrid WS2/MoS2 multilayer film deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The hybrid morphology and signatures are confirmed by the scanning electron microscope image and Raman shift spectra, respectively. We observed a semiconductor like behaviour as well as the large hysteresis which indicates the vacancies inducing charge trappings. This characteristics is different with the electronic characteristics of WS2 and MoS2 multilayer which tend to exhibit insulating behaviours and small hysteresis. This study shows how hybrid dichalcogenide WS2/MoS2 multilayer might create new features for future electronic devices.
Modification of the junction parameters via Al doping in Ag/CdS:Al thin-film Schottky diodes for microwave sensors
Authors: Fernández-Pérez A , Navarrete C , Muñoz R , Baradit E , Saavedra M , Cabello-Guzmán G , Gacitúa W
Published: January 2021

In this article, it is investigated the effect of Al doping in the junction parameters of Ag/CdS:Al thin-film Schottky diodes and their electrical response to microwave irradiation. Nanocrystalline CdS:Al thin-films with thicknesses between 109 and 173 nm were prepared by chemical bath deposition and, subsequently, Ag thin-films with an average thickness of 102 nm were grown on the CdS:Al using dc sputtering. The structural, chemical, morphological and optical properties of CdS:Al and Ag films were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. Current-voltage (I − V) characteristics of Ag/CdS:Al diodes, with different Al content, were obtained at room temperature in dark conditions. XRD studies shows that CdS:Al and Ag thin-films have an hexagonal and cubic structure, respectively. Crystallite sizes decreases with Al content for CdS:Al films and were found to be in the 15–40 nm range. A decrease in the intensity of the XRD main peak of CdS:Al films is observed, caused by the inclusion of amorphous Al2O3 on the CdS film. It was found that band gap of CdS:Al films increases with increasing Al content, from 2.28 eV to 2.40 eV. Based on the I − V characteristics of the diodes, their barrier height ϕ
0, ideality factor n, and series resistance R

s
were calculated, and it was found that these values are modified by increasing Al content in CdS films, in the ranges: ϕ
0: 0.7037–0.8426 eV; n: 3.485–4.213; R

s
: 0.54–9.86 MΩ. Besides, it was stated that Al doping changes the average surface roughness and the energies of the charge neutrality levels of CdS:Al films. The effects of physical properties of the films on the junction parameters of the diodes were also discussed. Finally, I − V characteristics of the Ag/CdS:Al diodes were studied under X-band microwave irradiation at room temperature in dark conditions. For a specific Al doping value, the current density across the diode during irradiation was found to be lower (0.87–11.6 mA cm−2) than unirradiated diode (1.14–15.6 mA cm−2), when the bias voltage was higher than certain value (3 V), due to an increasing temperature of the diode and the presence of Al2O3 on the CdS:Al film. This last result could be useful in a potential X-band thin-film microwave sensor.
Anemia and atrial fibrillation as independent risk factors for new-onset chronic kidney disease: the TAMA-MED Project—CKD and AF
Authors: Kaneko Tomohiro , Kodani Eitaro , Fujii Hitomi , Asai Risa , Seki Miyako , Nakazato Rei , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Sasabe Hajime , Tamura Yutaka
Published: January 2021

Background

Various risk factors have been identified for the new onset or rapid deterioration of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is thought that many risk factors that have not yet been clarified remain.

Methods

Based on the results of specific annual health checkups at Tama City (n = 18 383) in 2017 and 2018, we analyzed the factors that cause new-onset CKD and the risk factors that rapidly worsen renal function. For new-onset CKD, proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were examined separately. Rapid deterioration of renal function was defined as an eGFR ≥25% less than the previous year.

Results

Multivariate analysis showed that in addition to age and impaired glucose tolerance, anemia and atrial fibrillation (AF) were risk factors for the new appearance of proteinuria. Risk factors for a decrease in eGFR to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were age and hyperuricemia. Age, systolic hypertension, urinary protein and urinary occult blood, high triglycerides and anemia were significant risk factors for the rapid deterioration of renal function in patients with CKD Stage ≥3.

Conclusions

From the results of specific annual health checkups at Tama City, AF, anemia and hyperuricemia were identified as risk factors for new-onset CKD over a short period of 1 year. Anemia was also a factor for the rapid deterioration of kidney function in subjects with renal dysfunction.
Step-by-step guide to setting up a kidney replacement therapy registry: the challenge of a national kidney replacement therapy registry
Authors: Rosa-Diez Guillermo , González-Bedat María Carlota , Luxardo Rosario , Ceretta María Laura , Ferreiro-Fuentes Alejandro
Published: January 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Analysis, and understanding, of this global/national/regional reality would benefit from renal registry databases. The implementation of a CKD registry (including all categories) is difficult to achieve, given its high cost. On the other hand, patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are easily accessible and constitute the most severe subgroup in terms of comorbidities and healthcare costs. A kidney replacement therapy registry (KRTR) is defined as the systematic and continuous collection of a population-based data set from ESKD patients treated by dialysis/kidney transplant. The lack of available data, particularly in emerging economies, leaves information gaps on healthcare and outcomes in these patients. The heterogeneity/absence of a KRTR in some countries is consistent with the inequities in access to KRT worldwide. In 2014, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) proposed to determine the prevalence of patients on dialysis for at least 700 patients per million inhabitants by 2019 in every Latin American (LA) country. Since then, PAHO and the Sociedad LatinoAmericana de Nefrología e Hipertensión have provided training courses and certification of KRTR in LA. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide guidance on how to set up a new KRTR in countries or regions that still lack one. Advice is provided on the sequential steps in the process of setting up a KRTR, personnel requirements, data set content and minimum quality indicators required.
The Articles on State Responsibility and the Guiding Principles of Shared Responsibility: A TWAIL Perspective
Authors: Chimni B S
Published: January 2021

This article argues, from the perspective of third-world approaches to international law (TWAIL), that the limitations of the Guiding Principles on Shared Responsibility (hereinafter ‘Guiding Principles’) stem from the very fact that their drafters did not contest the Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA). Therefore, before advancing a critique of the Guiding Principles, this article questions certain aspects of ARSIWA. It argues that ARSIWA tends to overlook the distinction between primary and secondary rules; does not take into account the thick and structured relations between corporations and the state in formulating the rule on attribution; completely neglects the principle of special and differential treatment (SDT) in framing secondary rules of state responsibility; and gives a negative connotation to the erga omnes principle. As a result, ARSIWA cannot do justice to weak states. Since the Guiding Principles merely seek to supplement ARSIWA, they fail to address key issues, including the shared responsibility of state and non-state actors, such as multinational corporations, for the violation of human rights and environmental norms and the application of SDT principles in determining shared responsibility.
Implications of Goal Programming in Forest Resource Allocation
Authors: Dyer A. Allen , Hof John Gerrit , Kelly James W. , Crim Sarah A. , Alward Gregory S.
Published: January 2021

Goal programming, utilizing a preemptive priority formulation, is described and compared to linear programming to evaluate its effectiveness in solving public forest resource allocation problems. The logic used is that of welfare economics. It is concluded that goal programming does not, in general, generate the theoretically desirable solution to the public resource allocation problem. Goal programming is then analyzed as a "satisficing" algorithm and as a production feasibility test. The possibilities of failure in these applications are also pointed out. A sensitivity analysis on an example problem is included to demonstrate the theoretical conclusions made. Finally, policy-oriented conclusions are drawn and recommendations concerning the use of the goal programming are presented. Forest Sci. 25:535-543.
Notes: Field Measurement of Conifer Oleoresin Viscosity and Density
Authors: Elam William W. , Hodges John D. , Koelling Harold A.
Published: January 2021

An inexpensive method is described for determining conifer oleoresin viscosity and density in the field. This technique requires only a small sample and is sufficiently rapid to permit making determinations where time is a critically limiting factor such as with resins which crystallize rapidly. Forest Sci. 25:543-546.