bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of Qt Dispersion to Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Exercise Stress Tests for Myocardial Ischaemia
Authors: Sah RK , Rahman S , Sohrabuzzaman APM , Malik FT
Published: September 2018

Background: This study consisted of 60 randomly selected patients (49 men and 11women) who had undergone both symptom-limited treadmill exercise tests andcoronary angiography, within one month, for clinical indications. This was a prospectivestudy done during the period of December 1998 to July 1999 in NICVD, DhakaBangladesh. The ECG is generally considered to provide a summation of the electricalactivity of the heart and to be insensitive to local electrophysiological events. Recentstudies suggest that important local electrophysiological differences can be detectedfrom a standard 12 -lead ECG, allowing new insights into the electrical behavior ofpatient’s hearts. The QT dispersion recorded as the difference between maximumand minimum QT intervals on a 12-lead ECG, is sensitive to myocardial ischaemiaand may improve the accuracy of exercise testing.Methods and Results: Exercise ECGs were analyzed in 60 patients who had undergoneexercise ECG and coronary angiography for clinical indications:1) The true-positive (TP) group consisted of 22 patients with mean ±SD age of 52 ± 9years. These patients had a positive treadmill test result with ³1 mm horizontal STsegmentdepression and an abnormal coronary angiogram, defined as ³ 50% diameterstenosis of a major epicardial coronary artery. Two patients were female in this group.2) The true negative (TN) group consisted of 20 patients who had a negative exercisetest and non significant CAD based on coronary angiography. The mean ± SD age ofthe group was 44 ± 8 years. Five patients were female in this group.3) Eight patients with positive treadmill test result with abnormal exercise ECGs andnon significant coronary artery disease (False positive [FP] group). This group had amean age of 43± 10 years. Three patients were female in this group.4) The false negative (FN) group consisted of 10 patients with mean ±SD age of 48± 7years. These patients had negative exercise ECG and an abnormal coronary angiogram.This group had one female patient.The exercise QTD Was 41±14ms in TN, 78±22ms in TP (P<0.001 versus TP) and47±16ms in FP (P=NS versus TN and P< 0.001 versus TP) groups. The exercise QTDwas 84±17ms in FN (P=NS versus TP) group.A stress QTD of >60ms had a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 93% for the diagnosisof significant CAD compared with 68% (P<0.05) and 71% (P<0.01) respectively, for³ 1mm ST-segment depression during stress. When QTD of >60ms was added to STsegmentdepression as a condition for positive test, the specificity increased to 100%.Conclusion: Exercise QTD is an easily measurable ECG variable that significantlyincreases the accuracy of exercise testing.Key Words: QT dispersion . coronary disease . electrocardiography . exercise.
FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY OF BREAST LUMP IN T.U. TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Pandey Jagat Singh , Sayami G , Dali S , Shrestha H G , Shrestha B , Adhikari R C , Bashyal R , Pant A
Published: September 2018

This is a retrospective study of fine needle aspiration cytology of breast lesionsperformed between May 1998 and April 2000. During this period, a total of 2001 fineneedle aspirations were done in the Tribhuvan Universtiy Teaching Hospital (TUTH),of which 470 (23.48 %) were of the breast. Fibrocystic disease found to be the mostfrequent and was diagnosed in 183 cases (38.9%). Fibroadenoma was the third commonpathological condition, numbering 61 (12.9%). Malignant conditions of the breastwere 72 cases (15.3%).During these two years, histological diagnosis was available in 154 cases. Histologicalexamination revealed benign conditions in 74 cases (48%), malignancy in 59 cases(38.3%) and inflammatory & lactational changes in 21 cases (13.7%). Out of these154 cases, 71 cases had also undergone fine needle aspiration cytology. The 36 casesdiagnosed as benign cytologically, 34 cases were also benign histologically, whereas 2cases turned out to be malignant. Out of 37 cases that were histologically malignant,on cytology 35 cases were diagnosed as malignant. The sensitivity and specificity ofcytopathological diagnosis for breast lesions was 100% and 94.6% respectively.Inflammatory lesions correlated well cytologically and histolgically.FNAC is a safe and rapid diagnostic method for evaluation of various lesions. However,there are possibilities of false negative and false positive results because of wide rangeof appearance of breast lesions.Key Words: Breast lumps, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Benign Lesions,Malignant Lesions, Histopathology and Correlation.
WHEEZE ASSOCIATED RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION AND ITS PREVENTION
Authors: Thaplial A , Ramachandran U
Published: September 2018

Wheeze associated respiratory infection is an important cause of morbidity andmortality in both the developed and the developing worlds. The commonest causativeagent is the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Lower respiratory infection with thisvirus is assuming great proportions and hence much work is being done to find a cureor at least a suitable vaccine that will be available to everyone even in the poorercountries. This article reviews the latest literature and attempts to set out someguidelines to help inreduction of the problems associated with lower respiratoryinfection caused by RSV in developing countries.Key Words : Lower respiratory infection, Respiratory Syncytial Virus.
Descriptive Epidemiology of a Gastroenteritis Out Break in Sunsari District, Nepal
Authors: Sharma AK , Jha N , Ramachandran VG , Shariff M , Deb M , Kannan AT , Paudel IS , Yadav BK
Published: September 2018

Gastroenteritis (GE) outbreak and cholera epidemics continue to be the major publichealth problems in Nepal. Every year during and immediately after the rainy season,outbreak of GE occurs. In the post monsoon period of 1998 also, outbreak of GEoccurred in a wide area covering several districts in terai region. In this paper, severalepidemiological aspects of the current outbreak are being reported. This study wascarried out in sunsari district. The cases of GE brought to district hospital wereinterviewed by a trained health worker to collect information about the episode andpossible source of infection. Stool samples were collected from the patients and testedfor organisms. On the spot visits were made to collect more information. Water sampleswere also collected and tested in Microbiology laboratory, B. P. Koirala Institute ofHealth Sciences (BPKIHS). There were 947 cases of GE. Among them 55.2% werefemales and 44.8% males patients. The age ranged from 7 months to 86 years withmean age of 22.8 years. There were 8 deaths. Maximum number of cases occurred inthe first fornight of October 1998. Due to prior administration of antibiotics, no growthwas seen in 27 samples. However, 4 samples showed growth of Shigella. Vibrio cholerawas isolated from 2 cases. Eight out of thirteen water samples were found to beunsatisfactory for drinking. The contamination of drinking water source andunhygienic habits were the main causes for such outbreaks. Therefore, it is pertinentthat GE outbreaks may be prevented by simply promoting sanitation and hygienicpractices related to handling of drinking water and defecation.
Mucinous Cystadenoma Ovary With a Component Of benign Teratoma-A rare Combination
Authors: Agrawal Ranjan , Basu A
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Tubercular Osteomyelitis Of Lateral Cuneiform Bone Of The Foot
Authors: Jain Ramesh Chandra
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Menstruation Among Adolescent Girls in India
Authors: Bhatia Vikas , Swami H M , Malotra S
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The Role of Feeding Jejunostomy in the Surgical Treatment Of Oesophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Shrestha Bishow Man Singh , Sayami P , Timila R , Shrestha U K , Sharma J , Koirala B , Sharma G P
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care in Remote Health Camps- Patients’ Concerns
Authors: Bhattarai Balkrishna , Ghimire A , Baral BK , Shrestha A , Dhungana Y
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION:Identifying patients' concerns and expectations regarding anaesthesia and perioperative care in mobile surgical camps is relevant for the camp workers. This prospective observational study was conducted to assess knowledge, concerns, and expectations about anaesthesia and perioperative care in patients undergoing surgery in mobile surgical camps in remote mountainous districts of Eastern Nepal.METHODS:A questionnaire with seven items related to anaesthesia and perioperative care was used for interviewing 80 individuals of age > or = 12 years, 20 from each camp at Solukhumbu, Sankhuwasabha, Khotang and Bhojpur districts.RESULTS:Data of two patients were lost leaving only 78 individuals for analysis. The mean age of the subjects was 30.5 (+/- 14.6) years with the male: female ratio of 43: 35. Fifty-eight (74.4%) patients had some gross idea about the modality of administration of anaesthetics. Twenty-six (33.3%) individuals preferred GA over local anaesthesia, whereas 22 (28.2%) were happy either way if there was no pain. Pain was the main concern for 73.1% of the patients. Of the 25 patients expressing fear of GA, death or not being able to wake up anymore was the main concern for 60.0%. Increasing age was associated with lower fear of GA (p < 0.05). Surgical experience was distressing for 17 (21.8%) patients. The overall experience of the anaesthesia and surgery was worse than expected for 25.6% of the patients.CONCLUSIONS:Patients presenting to these health camps have limited knowledge regarding anaesthesia and perioperative care but have valid concerns and expectations in respect of their safety, comfort and outcome.
Rejection of Manuscripts
Authors: KC S
Published: September 2018

NA
Clinico-Pathological Assay Of The Severe Cases Of Diarrhoea & Vomiting Admitted In The Year 2018(1962) In Bir-Hospital
Authors: Pandey Mrigendra Raj , Poudyal Laxman , Shrestha Santosh Man
Published: September 2018

NA
Surgical treatment of endemic goitre
Authors: Rosakov V
Published: September 2018

NA
Indiscriminate Use Of Antibiotics
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

NA
Prevention Of Rabies
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

NA
Towards Better Health
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

NA
Pychosomatic Disease And Rest Therapy
Authors: Pandey Jwala Raj
Published: September 2018

NA
Nurses’ Views on Need for Professional Development in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Geeta Kamal , Bhandari N , Singh B
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION:

This study explores the nurses' views on need for professional development and barriers in Nepal.

METHODS:

This is a qualitative content analysis study conducted among nurses from different health institutes. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used to obtain their views on need of professional development and major barriers against professional development in Nepal. Eleven nurses for in-depth interviews and three groups of six nurses each for focus group discussions were selected purposefully from Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel and Tribhuban University Teachng Hospital, Kathmnadu.

RESULTS:

Five themes emerged from qualitative data. "Continuing professional development", "supportive management", "nursing leadership", "recognition and respect" and "professional networking" were considered as essential factors for professional development. Lack of "commitment by the nurses", "female gender professional" and "lack of autonomy" were felt as barriers for the nursing professioanl development.

CONCLUSIONS:

Continuing professional development and supportive working environment are crucial to make nursing profession more dynamic and appealing in Nepal.

Keywords: continuing professional development, professional development, supportive managment
Accidents
Authors: Dixit Kalyanmani A
Published: September 2018

NA
Single Incision Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy vs Conventional Cholecystectomy in Developing Country
Authors: Thapa P B , Maharjan DK , Singh DR
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION:

Use of laparoscopic surgery has demanded principles of less trauma of access hence less scar and so probably less complications. Hence conventional laparoscopic surgeries were tried with natural orifice transluminal surgery (NOTES) and then single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS). With refinement in instruments and surgeons skills SILS have bridged up between conventional and NOTES in order to quench the desire of less or no scar at all.

METHODS:

Comparative case control study between conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy and SILS in public teaching hospital.

RESULTS:

Total 20 patients underwent SILS cholecystectomy and 20 underwent conventional cholecystectomy and found that no difference between both in terms of post operative pain score, hospital stay and post operative wound infection except significant difference in mean operative time and patient's level of satisfaction was less in patient with SILC if were subjected to pay for instruments in order to maintain cosmesis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Though SILS have gained rapid acceptance in surgical fraternity, large number of randomized controlled trials are necessary to show its benefit over conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Keywords: cholecystectomy, conventional, laparoscopy, single incision, surgery
Food Borne Disease
Authors: Editor JNMA
Published: September 2018

NA
Antimicrobial Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Khanal B , Acharya A , Amatya R , Gurung R , Paudyal N , Shrestha S , Bhattacharya SK
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Pneumococcal infections are important cause of morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns plays important role in the selection of appropriate therapy.  Present study was undertaken to analyze the susceptibility patterns of pneumococcal isolates against  commonly used antimicrobials with special reference to determination of minimum inhibitory  concentration (MIC) of penicillin in a tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal.

Methods: Twenty-six strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from various clinical specimens submitted to microbiology laboratory were evaluated. All isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by  disk diffusion method. MIC of penicillin was tested by broth dilution method.

Results: Of the total isolates 19 (73%) were from invasive infections. Seven isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole. No resistance to penicillin was seen in disk diffusion testing. Less susceptibility to penicillin (MIC 0.1-1.0 mg/L) was observed in five (17%) isolates. High level resistance to penicillin was not detected. One isolate was multidrug resistant.

Conclusions: S. pneumoniaeisolates with intermediate resistance to penicillin prevail in Tertiary Care Hospital in eastern Nepal, causing invasive and noninvasive infections. As intermediate resistance is not detected in routine susceptibility testing, determination of MIC is important. It helps not only in the effective management of life threatening infections but is also essential in continuous monitoring and early detection of resistance. In addition, further study on pneumococcal infections, its antimicrobial resistance profile and correlation with clinical and epidemiological features including serotypes and group prevalence is recommended in future.

Keywords: antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, penicillin, Streptococcus pneumoniae.
March Of Medicine
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

Report on Long-term Anticoagulant Therapy to the M.R.C. (1964) Brit. med. J.,1964, 2, 837Discoloration of Primary Dentition after Tetracycline Therapy In Pregnancy. Swallow. J.N. Lancet 1964, 2, 611Undernutrition in Infancy and Intellectual Development. Stoch M.B. & Smythe P.M. Arch. Dis. Childh., 1963, 38, 546.Oral Polio Vaccine Communications. JAMA, 1964. 190:41.Tetanus Prophylaxis. Cox. C. A., Knowelden.J. & Sharrard. W.J.H. Brit. med. J., 1963, 2, 1360.Eight Years' Experience with Oral Contraception. Tyler. E. T. Brit. med. J. 1964, 2, 843.Drug induced Blood Dyscrasias. JAMA, 1964. 188 :817 JAMA, 1964. 188: 531.
Journal Of The Nepal Medical Association
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

CONVERENCE AND SEMINARS NEPAL MEDICAL COUNCIL THE SECOND ALL NEPAL MEDICAL CONFERENCE AMBULANCES FOR NEPAL RED CROSS N.M.A. RECEPTION NEW PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENTS OF N.M.A. KATHMANDU BRANCH NEWS
Leprosy Work In A General Hospital In Nepal
Authors: Pedley J C
Published: September 2018

NA
Opthalmic Problems in the East
Authors: Sinha P N
Published: September 2018

NA
Calcium Supplements
Authors: Fourman Paul
Published: September 2018

NA
Meningitis in Children- A brief survey.
Authors: Prasad M , Baral Manindra Ranjan , Dixit Hemang , Rimal D P
Published: September 2018

NA
March Of Medicine
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

Distribution Of First Lesions In Leprosy.  Horton,R.J. & Povey, SChronic Ill Health From Unrecognised Malaria.  Wills, N.E., Turner,P.P. , Somers, K. & Markandya, O.P.Infant Mortality Due To Congenital Malformations. Landtman, B. and Wallgren, E.I
Self Injurious Behavior in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Shakya D R , Shyangwa PM , Pandey AK , Subedi S , Yadav S
Published: September 2018

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) or self-mutilating behavior (SMB) is rare but can occur in temporal lobe epilepsy. Such a behavior during seizures is not usually recalled by patient. Here is a case with self mutilating behavior in left temporal lobe epilepsy, presented because of its rare manifestation and diagnostic dilemma. A 19 year old unmarried Muslim student presented to emergency with SMB, guilty rumination and a persecutory delusion. The patient was intermittently confused about place and time. In subsequent assessments, he was found harboring death wishes and suicidal ideation. He transiently had auditory hallucination and thought broadcasting. He episodically tried to harm himself by severely biting only his left ring finger. It was difficult to influence him during such episodes. EEG revealed left temporal lobe seizure. Diagnosis of 'Epilepsy and Organic Psychosis' was made. The patient responded well to Antiepileptic and Antipsychotic medications.

Keywords: seizure, self injurious behavior, suicide, temporal epilepsy.
The Epidemiology of Human Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Kathmandu Valley, 1992-1996
Authors: Gongal G N , Shrestha M D
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Complete Bicornuate Uterus with Complete Longitudinal Vaginal Septum
Authors: Suwal A , Kumar A
Published: September 2018

Bicornuate Uterus is a type of lateral fusion disorder of the mullerian ducts. According to the American Fertility Society Classification of Mullerian Anomalies, bicornuate uterus is a class IV anomaly. Incidence of this anomaly varies. This may affect a woman's obstetric, as well as her gynecologic outcome. Here we present a 23 year primigravida at 38 weeks and 5 days gestation with footling breech presentation. She was identified, during cesarean section, of having complete bicornuate uterus with complete longitudinal vaginal septum.

Keywords: bicornuate, pregnancy, uterus, vaginal septum
Ethical Principles of Medical Practice in Developing and Developed Countries
Authors: Robert G Lee
Published: September 2018

Abstract
METABOLIC AND ENDOCRINE PROFILE OF NON-CIRRHOTIC PORTAL FIBROSIS (NCPF)-CARBOHYDRATE DYSMETABOLISM
Authors: Dhungel Sanjib
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Social Media: The Meeting Before the Meeting
Authors: Harris Jarmichael R , De Jesus Kristine
Published: September 2018

Now, more than ever, many students' first contact with your program very well could be from your social media presence. This roundtable will explore helpful communicating tips and tools to bridge the intergenerational gap between staff and students that will help participants engage students and introduce their program to a broader audience.
Hubungan Karakteristik Demografik Dengan Niat Melakukan Hubungan Seksual Pranikah Pada Remaja Laki-Laki Indonesia
Authors: Maruf Mohammad Ainul , Richter Kerry , Soonthorndada Amara
Published: September 2018

Persentase laki-laki muda yang belum menikah memiliki pengalaman seksual meningkat dari 6% pada tahun 2007 menjadi 8% pada tahun 2012. Perilaku seks sebelum menikah lebih diterima diantara laki-laki muda sementara itu pendidikan seksual yang komprehensif belum diterapkan secara menyeluruh dalam kurikulum pendidikan nasional dan belum merata di semua daerah. Hal ini menghalangi anak muda untuk mendapatkan informasi yang benar. Penelitian ini menguji hubungan antara karakteristik demografik dengan niat untuk melakukan hubungan seksual pranikah pada remaja laki-laki usia 15 hingga 24 tahun di Indonesia. Data didapatkan dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012. Sebanyak 9,109 responden terpilih untuk dianalisis. Analisis data terdiri dari analisis deskriptif dan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada sekitar 21.1% remaja laki-laki yang mengungkapkan bahwa mereka berniat untuk melakukan hubungan seksual sebelum menikah. Niat tersebut ditemukan lebih umum diantara mereka yang berusia 20-24 tahun. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kelompok usia, tingkat pendidikan, daerah tempat tinggal sebagai proxy dari agama dan status tempat tinggal dengan niat melakukan hubungan seksual. Temuan ini menyarankan perlunya pendekatan yang beragam dalam penerapan pendidikan seksualitas pada remaja.
Analisis Usia Menikah dan Status Pekerjaan yang Berhubungan dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Tentang Efek Samping DPT
Authors: Rahman Eddy , Riza Yeni
Published: September 2018

Salah satu penyebab kematian bayi di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia yaitu penyakit Difteri, Pertusis dan Tetanus (DPT). Imunisasi merupakan upaya pencegahan penyakit untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan, kecacatan dan kematian akibat penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui analisis usia menikah dan status pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan tingkat kecemasan ibu tentang efek samping DPT di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Basirih Baru tahun 2018. Penelitian ini bersifat survei analitik pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini sebanyak 489 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin yaitu dengan teknik accidental sampling yaitu sebanyak 88 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner, menggunakan uji statistik chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden mengalami cemas berat (58%), menikah dibawah usia ideal (47,7%) dan lebih banyak yang tidak bekerja (63,6%). Terdapat hubungan antara usia menikah dengan tingkat kecemasan (p value = 0,013). Terdapat hubungan antara status pekerjaan dengan tingkat kecemasan (p value = 0,026). Disarankan kepada petugas puskesmas untuk meningkatkan program promosi kesehatan mengenai pentingnya imunisasi serta manfaat imunisasi untuk pencegahan terjadinya penyakit infeksi yang berbahaya bagi anak.
Determinan Sosial “Quality of Life” Orang dengan HIV dan Aids (Odha)
Authors: Basri Acce
Published: September 2018

Kualitas hidup sangat erat kaitannya dengan kehidupan setiap orang terutama orang dengan HIV dan AIDS (ODHA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh stigma, depresi, dukungan sosial, status sosial ekonomi dan kepatuhan minum obat ARV terhadap kualitas hidup orang dengan HIV dan AIDS (ODHA) di Maluku Utara tahun 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan “potong lintang”. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh ODHA yang ada dalam wilayah Propinsi Maluku Utara. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 206 responden yang diambil dan ditentukan dengan tehnik purposif. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-scuare dan regresi logistik melalui bantuan computer program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai stigma (p Value=0,002), depresi (p Value=0,001), Dukungan sosial (p Value=0,002), Kepatuhan terapi ARV (p Value=0,024) artinya, keempat factor tersebut berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup ODHA. Stigma merupakan variabel yang paling kuat pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas hidup ODHA.
Perilaku Ibu Menyusui dalam Keberhasilan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tawaeli Kota Palu
Authors: Herman Herman , Yulfiana Yulfiana , Rahman Nurdin , Yani Ahmad
Published: September 2018

Pemberian ASI Eksklusif merupakan salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam menghasilkan generasi Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas. Kementerian Kesehatan RI telah menetapkan target pencapaian pemberian ASI eksklusif di Indonesia yaitu sebesar 80%. Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan Pukesmas Tawaeli mengalami peningkatan cakupan ASI eksklusif yang signifikan selama empat tahun terakhir dan mengalami keberhasilan pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada tahun 2016 yaitu sebesar 85,49%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku ibu menyusui dalam keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tawaeli Kota Palu. Jenis ini bersifat kualitiatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Informan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari informan kunci yaitu koordinator gizi dan konselor ASI, informan biasa adalah ibu menyusui yang berhasil memberikan ASI secara eksklusif pada tahun 2016 dan informan tambahan adalah suami, orang tua, atau mertua ibu menyusui serta kader posyandu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan informan dikategorikan kurang baik, sikap informan dikategorikan baik, pemanfaatan fasilitas kesehatan yang tersedia dikategorikan baik, dukungan petugas kesehatan dikategorikan kurang baik dan dujungan keluarga dikategorikan baik. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perilaku ibu menyusui di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tawaeli sudah baik, namun dukungan petugas kesehatan dalam memberikan KIE terkait ASI eksklusif kepada ibu menyusui masih sangat kurang. Disarankan kepada pihak puskesmas agar dapat membuat program tambahan terkait ASI eksklusif yang lebih inovatif dan tidak monoton, agar ibu menyusui lebih sering terpapar dengan yang namanya ASI eksklusif.
Neuroanatomy of a Dactylogyrid monogenean, from gold fish Carassius auratus, Nilsson, from Meerut (U. P.), India
Authors: Rastogi Pragati , Mishra Deepmala
Published: September 2018

Chemical named 5-bromo indoxyl acetate has been used to describe the nervous system of anoviparous Dactylogyridmonogenean PellucidhaptorPrice and Mizelle (1964), a gill parasite of Carassius auratus. Central nervous system consists of paired cerebral ganglia from which anterior and posterior neuronal pathways arise. These neuronal pathways are interlinked by cross connectives and commissures. Paired dorsal, ventral and lateral nerve cords emanate from the cerebral ganglia, connected at intervals by transverse connectives. Huge arrangement of dorsal, ventral and lateral nerve cords and their innervations have been examined. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes innervations of the alimentary tract, reproductive organs and attachment organs (anterior adhesive areas and haptor). Both the CNS and PNS are bilaterally symmetrical, and better developed ventrally than laterally and dorsally.
Download ist Diebstahl? Eigentum in einer digitalen Welt
Authors: Nuss Sabine
Published: September 2018

From the beginning the commercialization of world wide web has been accompanied by discussions about Intellectual Property Rights. Here two positions can be identified: Claiming strong property protection for digital goods through special measures of technology and legislation and emphasizing on „information wants to be free“, proclaiming that strong property protection more likely will be a hindrance for research and development. Though the two positions seem to be quite contrary, the article tries to show, that both originate from the same philosophical and political approach based on John Locke and his modern advocate Douglass North. Karl Marx fundamentally critizised this approach presenting an alternative view of role and function of property in capitalistic economies. Following this method of analysis it is indicated that changes in property regimes on the basis of digital technology seem to be a vanguard of modernised capitalism.
'Weisheit, Wahrheit und Witz'
Authors: Hofmann Jeanette
Published: September 2018

This paper looks at the history of the individualization of knowledge. Intellectual property is based on the assumption that individuals are originators of insights and ideas. The notion of the author as creator is a recent invention. Until late 18th century, literati were regarded as craftsmen or mediators, who merely write down the divine wisdom by following the rules of rhetoric. The author as defined in modern copyright law thus gets a lot of credit for intellectual achievements that once were believed to be public domain.
Nach dem 11. September
Authors: Cremer Ulrich
Published: September 2018

After September 11 the military factor has increased, in NATO countries additional funds are allocated to arming. Unfortunately UN lose ground, as neither US nor NATO accept the UN monopoly on the use of force any more. NATO war against Yugoslavia in 1999 - not based on UN security council mandate - was not an exception. September 11 has catalyst function for political and military development already under way since 1991 when NATO updated Strategie Concept in Rome, decided for out-of.area missions and already saw the risk of terrorist acts. New NATO means an aggressive military network of meanwhile 46 nations in Europe including Russia. The war against terrorism smoothes the way for global „North Alliance" menacing the South. In future, the cooperation NATO-Russia will intensify. Within NATO the predominance of US over Western Europe is increasing. US leadership is not challenged in the next years as the EU plans for autonomous intervention forces still lade military key capabilities. As NATO provides for interoperability between NATO members and NATO Partnership for Peace countries as well it will maintain its important function for US. Thus, they will not give up NATO.
Biotechnologie und Militär
Authors: Hunger Iris
Published: September 2018

All major technologies have been exploited not just for peaceful, but also for hostile purposes. Biotechnology constitutes an exception. At the time when the biotech revolution began in the early 1970s, states agreed to ban biological weapons from their arsenals. This ban, however, has been weakened over the last 15 years. This article describes this process and the efforts to reverse it.
Erweiterung und Vertiefung der EU:
Authors: Bohle Dorothee
Published: September 2018

The paper argues that both the deepening of the EU, and the concrete form of its eastward expansion is motivated by an overarching project of neoliberal restructuring at the EU level, initiated by the forces of an emerging transnational capitalist class. Whereas the deepening project could be developed into a precarious hegemonic constellation, and resulted in an „embedded" neoliberalism, the EU has exported a much more market- radical variant of neoliberalism to the applicant states. This serves best the interest of those actors who seek to capitalize on differences in social and wage standards, and moreover helps to prevent distributional conflicts within the EU. East European reform elites are not prone to resist the unequal terms of Europeanization: They seek to secure extemal rationales for economic restructuring and to solidify transnational economic ties and political influence.
,,Offene" und „geschlossene" Transformation:
Authors: Neunhöffer Gisela , Schüttplez Anne
Published: September 2018

The article examines different modes of peripheralisation in Eastern Europe in the process of transformation. While in both, the EU candidate countries and in Russia, patterns of peripheral capitalism can be observed, pursued by and in the interest of transnational political and economic interest coalitions, these take different forms. The EU candidate countries undergo a more coherent variant of transformation, structured by the pressures of the accession process and a subordinated integration into European production networks. On the contrary, Russia has seen a much more open and unstructured process of integration into the global economy, expressed so far mainly in capital fiight, export of raw materials and import of vast amount of industrial goods.
Die Ost-Erweiterung der Europäischen Informationsgesellschaft:
Authors: Schaper-Rinkel Petra
Published: September 2018

The EU has adopted a common sei of technological standards and an organizational framework in the field of telecommunication, which have the applicant states to accept. Seemingly a pure question of technology outside the political process, this set actually contributes to a hierarchical division of labour between old and new members of the EU. Furthermore the benchmarking process, in which the progress of the applicant states is measured, forces the applicant states in competition for best adaption and provides westem companies with optimal information for their investment decisions.
Handelskapital und Handelskapitalismus
Authors: Kriedte Peter
Published: September 2018

Towards a theory of early European capitalism The starting point of the paper is Marx's theory of merchant capital. In contrast to Fernand Brandei the author argues that the early European capitalism was distinctive from its later forms. Five elements of a theory of merchant capitalism are discussed: the hierarchy of the economic spheres, the relation to the sphere of production, merchant capital and precapitalist modes of production, merchant and financial capital, protection und protection costs.
Jenseits des "Tarifgitters"
Authors: Wendl Michael
Published: September 2018

The crisis and the erosion of the collective wage agreements in Germany are not a result of the transformation of industrial relations through globalization or the transformation to a postfordist model of production. Essential basics are the change in the macroeconomic constellation of politics and economics and a pragmatical reaction of the trade unions. Although the political power of trade unions is threatened fundamentally, they set their hopes on "muddling trough", without concept.
Workfare zwischen Arbeitsmarkt- und Lebensstilregulierung
Authors: Grell Britta , Sambale Jens , Eick Volker
Published: September 2018

Workfare strategies, requiring recipients of public assistance to work or to participate in work related activities, are not a completely new phenomenon of the modern welfare state. Nevertheless, there have been remarkable policy changes and reforms in most of the Western capitalist societies since the 1990s trying to replace or combine systems of cash assistance for the poor with mandatory employment programs. The article looks at the recent reform efforts and workfare initiatives in the US and Germany and identifies similarities as well as differences in the approaches and political intentions. While US-programs like "Wiscon Works" have gained much attention for reducing caseloads and moving single mothers into the (lowwage) labor force, little is known in Germany about the costs and the hardships of those who were forced to leave welfare.
"Big Brother" ein Arbeitshaus im 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Engemann Christoph
Published: September 2018

By comparing the mechanisms of selection in the TV show Big Brother with the modern methods of business administration according to ISO norms 9000- 9004 on quality management a lot of similarities are shown. In some respect these broadcasts can be understood as workhouses in the Foucaultian manner, the give a public example how to work and how to behave.
Numerical modeling of Slug flows in multiphase pipeline system of lion offshore oil fields
Authors: Do Hoa Xuan , Mai Lan Cao
Published: September 2018

Oil and gas transportation by the pipelines among different production wells from one or more reservoirs is one primary part of an oil field development plan. When multiple pipelines transporting oil and gas from different fields are collected on the same Central Processing Platform (CPP) or Floating Production Storage Offloading (FPSO), however, the fluid behavior in multiphase flow pipelines become more complicated and often cause slugging problems that badly impact on downstream facility performance. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate the slug flow to control and/or improve flow stability in the pipeline systems. In this paper, the workflow for building and calibrating a multiphase flow model are described. The numerical model is then applied for the pipeline system of Lion oilfields in Cuu Long Basin, Southern Vietnam. Sensitivity analysis have been performed to investigate the influences of various factors on the slug flow in the pipeline system. The results from this work would be useful for tracking and controlling the slugging effect on the separator performance.
Assessment of slope stability at landslide area in B’LaoWard, Bao Loc city, Lam Dong province and solutions to prevent landslide
Authors: Bui Vinh Trong , Nguyen Ha Sanh , Nguyen Thong Huynh
Published: September 2018

Bao Loc is one of two cities of Lam Dong province. Located on Di Linh – Bao Loc plateau about 800 – 1000m elevation, Bao Lọc has the complex mountainous terrain. The authors have surveyed and collected information and samples in the landslide area. This area occurred the cracks, damaged several buildings within 1.2 ha. The authors have also identified causes of landslide such as geomorphotogy, stratigraphic slope, slope materials, hydrogeology, climate, etc. However, the main cause was soil extraction activities at toe of slope which lost the counterweight berm, associated with the moisture increase of soil due to heavy rainfall in rainy season. It reduced the shear strength of slope materials. Based on data analysis of surveyed location, the authors applied GeoStudio software by SLOPE/W module so as to calculate the slope stability under the sections. Analyzed results showed that the slope was stable in dry season with the minimum factor of safety (FS) around 1.474, in rainy season the slope was unstable with minimum the factor of safety around 0.896 commensurate with groundwater present model. The minimum factors of safety in the model with the appearance of groundwater table are represented by the distance among the slope sections following the relationship function with correlation coefficient (R2) is 0.9915. According to the interpolated result from the relationship function showed that the width of unstable area or the width of sliding mass is 35.1m. As the obtained results, the authors proposed realizable solutions to stabilize the slope in order to minimize the effect of landslide at the study area.
Experimental application of optimal depth of PVDs determination under vacuum loading condition
Authors: Vo Nhat Dai , Lam Viet Hoang Quoc , Pham Tuan Minh
Published: September 2018

Viet Nam is one of the country that has a very soft and complicated geological feature. Therefore, how to economize cost but satisfy the standard and technical requirements in designing by selecting an appropriate method in building especially projects constructed on soft ground is always needed to consider and research continuouslly. In this paper, a method how to determine the optimal depth of PVDs under vacuum loading condition for soft ground improvement is presented and applied to specific case in 861 provincial street, Ward Cai Be, Tien Giang District. The soft soil includes two layers with total 12m thick and is allowed to drain on the top and bottom faces (double drainage). The result shows that the optimal depth of PVDs is about 10,5m with the small error of 0,7%
Current status and risks of underground water for house holds in Cu Chi District - Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Tran Oanh Thi Phi , Tran Dung Quoc , Do Cuong Quoc , Ho Thong Chi
Published: September 2018

This study was conducted to survey the current status, the risks of groundwater resources for house holds in Pleistocene aquifers to serve the households in the Cu Chi district - Ho Chi Minh City during the period from March 1st– 30th 2015. The sample were divided into two main groups: from individual well for households which are used directly and from industrial pumping well by SAWACO.

Survey results showed that:

- Quality of water: There are popularly low iron content and pH in the survey area; however, Binh My Commune has very high iron content, above 10 mg / l. Other indicators are in accordance with standards except Pham Van Coi and Thái Mỹ Commune with very high NO3+ NH4+, beyond permitted standards.

- The treated water quality: 100% samples meet the QCVN02 standards: 2009 / BYT about water quality. Regarding risk assessment, this research is used to evaluate the water resource risks by DRASTIC and the health risks by substances, capable of causing cancer (As), incapable of causing cancer (Mn , Hg, Cr6 +, CN-).

These results showed that although the risks are considered very low, the measures still need taking to manage, control and to achieve a safe, sustainable water supply.
Distribution of porosity and permeability in fractured basement reservoir of White Tiger oilfield by core and logging data
Authors: Nguyen Kha Xuan , Truong Thanh Quoc , Tran Xuan Van , Pham Son Xuan , Hoang Quy Van
Published: September 2018

Determining the porosity and permeability distributions take very important role in the processes of oil and gas exploration and production. With oil fractured basement reservoir, due to high heterogeneity makes assessment even more difficult porosity and permeable. FBR of White Tiger is a typical reservoir with huge dimension world wide special body of world oil production with very large. With more volume and core sample wells measuring system complete log is updated constantly and regularly create favorable conditions for the integration of data from core samples and logging to assess distribution of Fracture basement reservoir White Tiger. In this work we focus on evaluating the distribution center is empty abyss of blocks and blocks north. Through research results show the heterogeneity of permeability of FBR however general rule remains unchanged, the area north of the mine seepage porosity values decreased compared to previous studies.
Vietnam’s economy 2015 - 2016 Stable and growing in economic integration
Authors: Nguyen Luan Van
Published: September 2018

In 2015, Vietnam obtained stimulating achievements. The macroeconomy was stable and steady with economic and CPI growth of 6.58% and 0.63% respectively; financial markets had encouraging changes; difficulties in manufacturing and trading showed sign of abating; import – export reached double-digit growth rate. Results from the restructuring process of state-owned enterprises gave positive signal of a success outcome. These are impetus for the 2016 economic growth.

Targets of 2016 are to keep the macro economy stabilized, reach the GDP growth rate of 6.7%, improve growth quality and towards a sustainable development. It is also necessary to create favorable conditions for enterprises, uniformly and effectively implement administration reforms, actively integrate into international trade under trade agreements such as FTA, AEC, TPP.

To achieve 2016 economic targets, it is of importance to rigorously implement policies, system innovations and creativity, nation-wide and industry-wide scientific and technology development so as to create breakthrough results in the transition of structure and economic growth.
Fators affecting the financial integration process in Asean
Authors: Nguyen Anh Hoang
Published: September 2018

ASEAN Financial Integration since 2015 will facilitate financial service and capital account liberalization, develop capital market and build a common payment system. Success of transnational financial cooperation is determined by a plenty of factors and requires a careful preparation by member countries. This paper analyzes and tests factors affecting the financial integration process in ASEAN such as size, capital control, development level, the development of the financial market, political and investment environment and trade openness. The results from principal components analysis (PCA) indicate that the main determinants to the financial integration in ASEAN include income, political and investment environment, capital control and the development of the financial market
Impact of external factors on quality financial reporting: The case of Vietnam
Authors: Pham Thuan Quoc , La Dao Xuan
Published: September 2018

The objective of this study is to identify the major factors that impact on the quality of financial reporting and to suggest model of the factors affecting on the quality of financial reporting for Vietnamese enterprises . There are two factors group affecting on the quality of financial reporting: internal factors and external factors, this study is limited to the scope of the external factors. By using case studies, analytical results indicate that Tax Pressure factor has the greatest impact on the quality of financial reporting, the remaning factors include: Listed Securities, Accounting Software and Independent Audit. Two factors, Politics and Regulatory Environment have limited impact on the quality financial reporting.
Some issues to Vietnam’s commercial banks upon Vietnam’s accession to ASEAN economic Community
Authors: Nguyen Hien Thi Diem
Published: September 2018

On November 22, 2015, ASEAN leaders signed Kuala Lumpur Declaration on the establishment of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), to which ten ASEAN member countries would form a market of approximately 630 people since January 1, 2016. Vietnam’s enterprises in general and commercial banks in particular are expected to face both opportunities and challenges when the banking sector will be fully open and all barriers, subsidies will be removed until 2020. The paper is to analyze the performance of Vietnam’s commercial banks in comparison with those of other AEC countries’ on economic and financial criteria, thereby proposing some suggestion so as to enhance the competitiveness of Vietnam’s commercial banks.
Some theoretical problems on the right to silence in criminal procedure summary
Authors: Vo Tai Van , Trinh Anh Tuan
Published: September 2018

Right to silence is a fundamental right of human beings in criminal proceedings and one of the most important measures to protect human rights in society. The right to remain silent had been prescribed for a long time in the Criminal Procedure Code of many countries and proved to be effective in ensuring the rights of persons in custody, accused or defendants in criminal proceedings. However, there has been plenty of opinions on the right to silence in Vietnam. Some support the legalization, some oppose while some other are worried about implementation difficulties. Perhaps this is because the connotation of the right to silence is not fully understood. This paper analyzes the origin and nature of the right to silence, thereby providing a more accurate view on the connotation of the right to silence.
The feasibility of applying bankruptcy law to credit institutions
Authors: Cao Nhu Thi Thuy
Published: September 2018

Bankruptcy of credit institutions is one of highlights of the Bankruptcy Law 2014, which officially took effect in January 1, 2015. This is an issue of special interest to the citizens and enterprises because this is the first time the Bankruptcy Law 2014 sets aside a whole chapter to define the settlement procedure of bankruptcy for credit institutions and there also has not been a single bankruptcy of a credit institution in Vietnam, despite the fact that it was mentioned in the Bankruptcy Law 2004. The key questions raised regarding the bankruptcy of credit institutions are whether the provisions in the Bankruptcy Law 2014 are a forward step and whether they are feasible in practice. To answer the above question, this article will analyse some new provisions of the Bankruptcy Law 2014 as well as the feasibility of applying these provisions in practice.