bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical note: High-accuracy weighing micro-lysimeter system for long-term measurements of non-rainfall water inputs to grasslands
Authors: Riedl Andreas , Li Yafei , Eugster Jon , Buchmann Nina , Eugster Werner
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Non-rainfall water (NRW), defined here as dew, hoar
frost, fog, rime, and water vapour adsorption, might be a relevant water source for ecosystems, especially during summer drought periods. These water inputs are often not considered in ecohydrological studies, because water
amounts of NRW events are rather small and therefore difficult to measure.
Here we present a novel micro-lysimeter (ML) system and its application
which allows us to quantify very small water inputs from NRW during rain-free periods with an unprecedented high accuracy of ±0.25 g, which corresponds to ±0.005 mm water input. This is possible with an
improved ML design paired with individual ML calibrations in combination
with high-frequency measurements at 3.3 Hz and an efficient low-pass
filtering to reduce noise level. With a set of ancillary sensors, the ML
system furthermore allows differentiation between different types of NRW inputs, i.e. dew, hoar frost, fog, rime, and the combinations among these, but also additional events when condensation on leaves is less probable, such as
water vapour adsorption events. In addition, our ML system design allows one to minimize deviations from natural conditions in terms of canopy and soil
temperatures, plant growth, and soil moisture. This is found to be a crucial aspect for obtaining realistic NRW measurements in short-statured
grasslands. Soil temperatures were higher in the ML compared to the control, and thus further studies should focus on improving the thermal soil regime of ML.
Our ML system has proven to be useful for high-accuracy, long-term
measurements of NRW on short-statured vegetation-like grasslands. Measurements with the ML system at a field site in Switzerland showed that
NRW input occurred frequently, with 127 events over 12 months with a total NRW input of 15.9 mm. Drainage-water flow of the ML was not measured, and therefore the NRW inputs might be conservative estimates. High average monthly NRW inputs were measured during summer months, suggesting a high
ecohydrological relevance of NRW inputs for temperate grasslands.
INSIGHT INTO SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF GPS BROADCAST ORBIT ERROR TOWARDS ORBITAL IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Lee H. S. , Musa T. A. , Wan Aris W. A. , Sha’ameri A. Z.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Broadcast orbits are compared against final orbit to get the error of broadcast orbit. The errors are analysed by presenting the error over space, especially longitude. The satellite trajectory is divided into three sector namely northern, southern, and transitional sectors. Spatial analysis show that the error is correlated with the latitude and longitude. Some consistency pattern can be observed from the distribution of the error in the spatial analysis. Standard deviation (SD) is used to quantify the consistency, providing more quantitative insights into the spatial analysis. Four patterns can be observed in the error distribution, namely consistency in northern and southern sector, consistency of transitional sector, changes after transitional sector, and correlation between ΔX component and ΔY component. The spatial analysis shows potential to be used in broadcast orbit error estimation and prediction. A model that uses this predicted broadcast orbit error as a correction will be designed in the future to improve the broadcast orbit accuracy.
RELIABILITY OF THE GPS CARRIER-PHASE FIX SOLUTION UNDER HARSH CONDITION
Authors: Mohd Dzukhi M. I. , Musa T. A. , Wan Aris W. A. , Omar A. H. , Musliman I. A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Once the unknown integer ambiguity values are resolved, the GPS carrier phase observation will be transformed into a millimeter-level precision measurement. However, GPS observation are prone to a variety of errors, making it a biased measurement. There are two components in identifying integer ambiguities: estimation and validation. The estimation procedure aims to determine the ambiguity's integer values, and the validation step checks whether the estimated integer value is acceptable. Even though the theory and procedures for ambiguity estimates are well known, the topic of ambiguity validation is still being researched. The dependability of computed coordinates will be reduced if a false fixed solution emerges from an incorrectly estimated ambiguity integer value. In this study, the reliability of the fixed solution obtained by using several base stations in GPS positioning was investigated, and the coordinates received from these bases were compared. In a conclusion, quality control measures such as employing several base stations will improve the carrier phase measurement's accuracy.
Differences in the Sub-seasonal Predictability of Extreme Stratospheric Events
Authors: Wu Rachel Wai-Ying , Wu Zheng , Domeisen Daniela I. V.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Extreme stratospheric events such as sudden stratospheric warming and strong vortex events associated with an anomalously weak or strong polar vortex can have downward impacts on surface weather that can last for several weeks to months. Hence, successful predictions of these stratospheric events would be beneficial for extended range weather prediction. However, the predictability limit of extreme stratospheric events is most often limited to around 2 weeks or less. The predictability also strongly differs between events, and between event types. The reasons for the observed differences in the predictability, however, are not resolved. To better understand the predictability differences between events, we expand the definitions of extreme stratospheric events to wind deceleration and acceleration events, and conduct a systematic comparison of predictability between event types in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) prediction system for the sub-seasonal predictions. We find that wind deceleration and acceleration events follow the same predictability behaviour, that is, events of stronger magnitude are less predictable in a close to linear relationship, to the same extent for both types of events. There are however deviations from this linear behaviour for very extreme events. The difficulties of the prediction system in predicting extremely strong anomalies can be traced to a poor predictability of extreme wave activity pulses in the lower stratosphere, which impacts the prediction of deceleration events, and interestingly, also acceleration events. Improvements in the understanding of the wave amplification that is associated with extremely strong wave activity pulses and accurately representing these processes in the model is expected to enhance the predictability of stratospheric extreme events and, by extension, their impacts on surface weather and climate.
O novo Tribunal do Futebol da FIFA: inovações e procedimentos
Authors:   Victor Eleuterio, Neto Bichara
Published: January 2022

Em maio de 2021, o Congresso da FIFA aprovou a criação do chamado Tribunal do Futebol, órgão que, depois de mais de vinte anos, recebeu a missão de absorver e ampliar as atividades do histórico Players’ Status Committee da entidade, com competência para dirimir litígios trabalhistas, comerciais e regulatórios envolvendo alguns das principais players do “planeta futebol”. Com o início de suas atividades, em 1º de outubro de 2021, começam a ser postas à prova as regras de competência e procedimento do novo Tribunal. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo busca apresentar e analisar os principais regras de procedimento e inovações trazidas pelo novo Tribunal do Futebol.
Review essay: Poetry in Australia and the John Leonard Press
Authors: Webb Jen
Published: January 2022

John Leonard Press (JLP) presented TEXT its first eight publications for review. This paper explores the context in which poetry is being published in Australia, with some comparative information from the UK, Canada and the US, and locates JLP in that context. In an attempt to account for the economic and practical pressures being faced by poets and by publishers of poetry, it maps the environment, particularly through mass media reports on the sector; offers some suggestions to counter those pressures; and gives a reading of the eight poets’ work.
Pilot study suggests online media literacy programming reduces belief in false news in Indonesia
Authors: Thomas Pamela , Hogan-Taylor Clark , Yankoski Michael , Weninger Tim
Published: January 2022

Amidst the threat of digital misinformation, we offer a pilot study regarding the efficacy of an online social media literacy campaign aimed at empowering individuals in Indonesia with skills to help them identify misinformation. We found that users who engaged with our online training materials and educational videos were more likely to identify misinformation than those in our control group (total N=1,000). Given the promising results of our preliminary study, we plan to expand efforts in this area, and build upon lessons learned from this pilot study.
Unfolding #Anonymous on Twitter
Authors: Beraldo Davide
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a comprehensive empirical investigation of the range of actors, issues and sub-groups related to the hashtag Anonymous on Twitter between 2012 and 2015. Complementing existing studies that have provided in-depth accounts of Anonymous from a specific point of view, this research provides an overview of the network related to the discursive construction of Anonymous on Twitter from a synoptic standpoint. In particular, the analysis covers three dimensions: the structure and dynamics of the #Anonymous interaction network; the range of issues that Anonymous has been associated with; and the relation between Anonymous and its offshoots. This research provides a descriptive characterization of the topological and semantic complexity of Anonymous and invites to reflect on the simplifications that our vocabulary and methods entail vis a vis the complexity of digital entities delimited by and individuated through hashtags.
Uma possibilidade decolonial para pensar a constituição do ethos caboclo no Oeste de Santa Catarina
Authors: Tedesco Anderson Luiz , Battestin Cláudia
Published: January 2022

Nesta reflexão, nossa hipótese considera que os caboclos são remanescentes de uma matriz africana de pensamento no Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Trata-se de uma problemática da história e da filosofia que evidencia a constituição de um ethos caboclo decolonial do Contestado. Diante disso, assumimos, nos procedimentos metodológicos, um delineamento bibliográfico, cuja abordagem é interpretativa e qualitativa. Se considerarmos o ethos, para os gregos (matriz dos colonizadores), como a própria ontologia, não nos é possível excluir ou violentar os traços do ethos das primeiras comunidades do Oeste catarinense, pois eles, os povos originários e os caboclos, também se caracterizam pelo espírito comunitário, pela igualdade e pela solidariedade. Em nosso resultado, constatamos que: a) o ethos decolonial caracterizou a essência nas comunidades do Oeste catarinense; e b) o ethos correspondeu à constituição dos hábitos das comunidades originárias, tornando impossível sua sobrevivência e resistência temporal. Por fim, o ethos caboclo foi constituído com os povos que viveram e resistiram no Oeste de Santa Catarina, a partir do cultivo da ancestralidade e das práticas do bem viver em sua territorialidade.
THE CURRENT STATE OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade, AITKALIYEVA Anar , GALIYEVA Alma ,   Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade, TOXANOVA Aygul ,   Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the development of transport infrastructure in the Republic of Kazakhstan. This topic is especially relevant to our country with the huge territory and irregular allocation of resources and population. The article analyzes the main indicators of transport infrastructure development, which made it possible to assess its current state. The state of infrastructure is also reflected to the international rankings of the country's competitiveness, so the authors analyzed the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index by the Infrastructure factor and the World Bank's Logistics Performance Index. Based on the PESTLE analysis, the key environmental factors influencing the functioning and development of the transport industry in Kazakhstan were identified. These facts indicate the need to further improve the policy of transport and infrastructure development of Kazakhstan and develop more effective mechanisms for its implementation.
Core Housing Strategy for Improved Urban Low-Cost Public Housing Delivery in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: N.B.C.D. Okoye , A.D. Enwin , I.C.N. Anyanechi
Published: January 2022

Anambra state of Nigeria experiences acute housing shortage for urban low-income population owing to inefficient public housing delivery system principled on conventional full-provision house types. Insufficiency of funds for housing development is a major cause. Increased rate and scale of housing production and volume of housing stock have been stalled. Low-income households are adversely affected, being priced out of the limited stock. Core housing, a partial-provision strategy believed to require less financial resources has been neglected. This research focused on the potentials of core housing strategy in financial cost-saving and other aspects of public housing products’ performance. Components of public housing products’ performance and the measuring variables were first outlined; followed by a review of the relationship between core housing and the variables, which was apt and revealing. This study has widened knowledge and prepared grounds for empirical studies of core housing performance in Anambra State public housing sector.
How to start a heuristic? Utilizing lower bounds for solving the quadratic assignment problem
Authors: Matousek Radomil , Dobrovsky Ladislav , Kudela Jakub
Published: January 2022

The Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) is one of the classical combinatorial optimization problems and is known for its diverse applications. The QAP is an NP-hard optimization problem which attracts the use of heuristic or metaheuristic algorithms that can find quality solutions in an acceptable computation time. On the other hand, there is quite a broad spectrum of mathematical programming techniques that were developed for finding the lower bounds for the QAP. This paper presents a fusion of the two approaches whereby the solutions from the computations of the lower bounds are used as the starting points for a metaheuristic, called HC12, which is implemented on a GPU CUDA platform. We perform extensive computational experiments that demonstrate that the use of these lower bounding techniques for the construction of the starting points has a significant impact on the quality of the resulting solutions.
楊起元的思想發展及其對師門之學的塑造
Authors: 詹前倬 詹前倬
Published: January 2022

活躍於十六世紀下半葉的楊起元是泰州大儒羅汝芳的弟子。他於師教篤信弗疑，承繼與推廣師學的努力亦廣為傳頌，李贄言楊氏之學「大抵皆本父師之言而推衍之」。不過，前輩學者已經注意到楊、羅之間的思想間距。本文關注楊起元的思想發展，特重其師學塑造，以測定楊氏與其師思想與學說的距離。楊起元於羅汝芳過世後參與兩次師學塑造運動。第一次發生在羅汝芳的喪禮之上，同門弟子咸集驗證所得，以「明德」私諡羅汝芳，也以此為師門宗旨理解羅汝芳之學。喪禮後數年，楊起元閱讀其師遺集而感悟於「孝」，因此開啟《孝經》編纂工程。楊氏藉此發揚羅汝芳的孝弟慈論，但是比起羅氏孝論的源頭《大學》，他更為推崇《孝經》，也認為該經更為契合羅氏之學。師門孝論的核心經典，在楊起元手上完成從《大學》到《孝經》的轉換，是為楊氏參與的第二度師學塑造。本文認為，楊起元的案例顯示陽明學發展至十六世紀末，愈發鼓勵思想學說落實成具物質性之文本，而楊氏所塑造的師門之學正是在落實的過程中，漸與羅汝芳之學分離開來。

 

This paper examines the development of Yang Qiyuan’s (1547-99) thought with a special focus on his efforts in reshaping the learning of his master, Luo Rufang (1515-88), in order to assess the distance between the teachings of the two. Yang participated twice in events to reshape the teachings of his master. The first time was at the funeral for Luo Rufang, when Yang and the other disciples assembled together to consolidate Luo’s legacy. On their own they gave him the posthumous title of “Bright Virtue,” taken from the Great Learning, and regarded this as a representative element of Luo Rufang’s teachings. Years after the funeral, while reading through the master’s remaining works, Yang came to realize the significance of filial piety, and thereupon began a project to compile the Classic of Filial Piety, in which he emphasized the themes of filial piety, fraternity and kindness in Luo’s teachings. While Luo’s theories on filial piety were based upon the Great Learning, Yang instead pointed to the Classic of Filial Piety as more suited for Luo’s teachings. Thus, changing the textual basis for Luo’s theories on filial piety was Yang’s second reshaping of his master’s legacy. This essay argues that the case of Yang Qiyuan illustrates Wang Yangmingism (1472-1529) at the end of the sixteenth century developed to emphasize on rendering doctrine into textual form. Yang’s reshaping of his master’s legacy was part of this process, and led him to part ways with his master’s original teachings.

 
A Cadaveric Study of Palmaris Longus Muscle
Authors: Syed SadiqaliAbbasali
Published: January 2022

Background: Aim: To assess the palmaris longus muscle.Methods:40 formalin fixed cadavers of both genders were included. Routine dissection of the upper limb was carried following the Cunnigham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy. During the dissection of the anterior compartment of forearm, the Palmaris longus muscle was identified & carefully dissected.Results:Out of 40 cadavers, 22 were of males and 18 were of females. Morphology of Palmaris longus found to be normal in 18, agenesis in 6, fusiform in 4, hybrid in 6, bifurcated tendon in 5 and fleshy in 1 case. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05).Conclusions:Surgeon must be aware of the variations of palmaris longus muscle. Morphology of Palmaris longus found to be normal, agenesis, fusiform, hybrid, bifurcated tendon and fleshy.
The Psychosis of Power: A Lacanian Reading of Augusto Roa Bastos’s I, the Supreme
Authors: Egginton William
Published: January 2022

In the mid-seventies, Paraguay was two decades into what would ultimately be the second longest dictatorship in its history, second only to the reign of its “founding father,” Doctor José Rodríguez Gaspar de Francia. The regime of Alfredo Stroessner justified its existence and articulated its continued role in Paraguayan politics on a genealogy of national identity that had its supposed roots in the Francia government, Francia’s political ideology and, in fact, in the historical person of Francia himself. In this essay I show how the great Paraguayan writer Augusto Roa Bastos’s 1974 novel, I, the Supreme, takes aim at the “kernel of the real” in the Stroessner regime’s political genealogy, using fiction to make evident its anamorphic manipulation of national and nationalist identity. By taking at its word the regime’s historical discourse, I, the Supreme reveals the psychotic logic animating its version of political power.
Planet Earth Strikes Back: Landscapes of Toxicity in Latin American Fiction
Authors: Lehnen Leila
Published: January 2022

This essay discusses how contemporary Latin American literature (Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia) employs the discourse of toxicity—condensed in the metaphor of bio-engineering and mutation—to process and interrogate what Jason Moore has called the “Capitolecene.” Moore proposes to understand the “accumulation of capital, the pursuit of power, and the co-production of nature in dialectical unity.” This essay considers how the co-production of nature, impelled by greed (a recurring allegory of capitalism) goes terribly wrong by generating toxic biomes. As such, these texts function as ecocritical allegories of the Capitolecene (specifically in its iteration as biocapitalism) and its human and environmental consequences.
Reconstructing the Memory of the Wounded Social Body: A Philosophical-Theological Reflection from the Search for Missing Persons in Mexico
Authors: Mendoza-Álvarez Carlos
Published: January 2022

This essay analyzes the phenomenon of clandestine graves of missing persons in Mexico as a social, political, and philosophical problem, where theological clues are established. With the contributions of decolonial thought this reflection seeks to think the absence and, within it, to think the emergence of an alternative world promoted by the just people of history with the resistances they create to live the present with dignity and hope.
The “Cultural Archipelago” of Urban Representation in Contemporary Brazilian Novels
Authors: Weigel François
Published: January 2022

The dialectic of localism and cosmopolitanism, with the opposition between nationalists and cosmopolitans, since independence and perhaps even before, is an element that structured the spiritual life and the literature of a country such as Brazil, as it was pointed out by Antonio Candido. This dialectic in a globalized country which had been transformed by an extremely rapid urbanization, nowadays is perhaps stronger than ever. That could be seen in contemporary literature, on the level of the imaginary but also on the level of the representation of cities such as Manaus in the north of the country (Relato de um certo Oriente, by Milton Hatoum), Recife in the northeast (Estive lá fora, by Ronaldo Correia de Brito), or Brasilia in the central west (Cidade Livre, by João Almino). Through these three novels, this essay aims to analyze how a few years after the end of the dictatorship, at a time marked by important changes in Brazilian society, the fiction grasps the articulation between local specificities and the “globalized” city. To that extent, the reading of many urban contemporary fictions will build a kind of mosaic of Brazil and its cultural varieties, through the prism of the city.
To Open the Mouth, to Show the Tongue: Anthropophagic Gestures in Brazilian Art
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Jorge de , Masseno André
Published: January 2022

This essay seeks to articulate a detailed reading through two anatomical selections – the mouth and tongue—in Brazilian art from the end of the 1960s. The reading is part of a shift in the matrix of Oswald de Andrade’s “Anthropophagic Manifesto,” originally published in the Revista de Antropofagia in 1928, whose interpretations spread in Brazil during the second half of the 20th century. This study mobilises elements of the manifesto and its resonance in the works of artists such as Anna Maria Maiolino, Lygia Pape, Paulo Bruscky, and Lenora de Barros.
Estimating Breast Cancer Class Using Artificial Neural Network and Logistic Regression Methods
Authors: ÖZMEN-AKYOL Serel
Published: January 2022

In this study, artificial neural networks (ANN) and logistic regression (LR) prediction models for breast cancer type has been developed. The proposed models are implemented with real clinical data for breast cancer type prediction. For purpose of constructing the prediction model, there are 699 instances and 10 attributes used in training and testing for the model. The data used in the ANN and LR models are arranged in a format of 9 input parameters and an output parameter which is the class of breast cancer (benign or malignant). The evaluation was made by comparing the data obtained by the two methods. ANN and LR models have accuracy performance 94,78% and 96,18%, respectively. The LR method's accuracy rate is better than the ANN method. This is because the LR method analyzes by taking into account the form of categorical data.
О НЕКОТОРЫХ ПРОБЛЕМАХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОГО КОМПЛАЕНСА В РОССИИ И ЗА РУБЕЖОМ/ON SOME PROBLEMS OF CORPORATE COMPLIANCE APPLICATION IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD/ՌՈՒՍԱՍՏԱՆՈՒՄ ԵՎ ԱՐՏԵՐԿՐՈՒՄ ԿՈՐՊՈՐԱՏԻՎ ՔՈՄՓԼԱՅԵՆՍԻ ԿԻՐԱՌՄԱՆ ՈՐՈՇ ԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԻ ՎԵՐԱԲԵՐՅԱԼ
Authors: Stepanyan Ani
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to some aspects of the application of modern blockchain technology in the corporate compliance system in Russia and in foreign countries. One of the main problems is that corporate compliance does not cover all areas of activity and is not applied in all corporations, which generates many disputes. Modern trends in the development of science and technology dictate the practice of using new digital technologies in the activities of corporations, where they most often operate with foreign concepts. Given the fact that the Russian translation of some concepts can cause confusion, especially in the legal understanding of their content, some clarity should be made about the relationship and possible combination of the concepts of “corporate compliance” and “blockchain technology”. Disclosure of the true content of these concepts will lead to their correct interpretation and lead to minimization or complete elimination of corruption risks in corporations. The article emphasizes the need to improve corporate compliance and to successfully organize corporate governance using blockchain technology in corporations.
ԹԵՐԱՊԵՎՏԻԿ (ԲՈՒԺԱԿԱՆ) ԿԼՈՆԱՎՈՐՄԱՆ ԿԻՐԱՌՄԱՆ ԻՐԱՎԱԿԱՆ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՈՒՄ/THE PROBLEMATIC LEGAL ISSUES OF THERAPEUTIC (MEDICAL) CLONING IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA/ОБ ОСНОВНЫХ ПРАВОВЫХ ПРОБЛЕМАХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКОГО (МЕДИЦИНСКОГО) КЛОНИРОВАНИЯ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ АРМЕНИЯ
Authors: Khachmanyan Karo
Published: January 2022

The article is focusing on the problematic legal issues of therapeutic (medical) cloning. The paper analyzes the definition, types, purpose of the cloning, prospects for the use of therapeutic cloning; the paper also highlights the problems in this field and proposes suggestions to clarify them. Based on the analysis, it also provides conclusions regarding the legislative amendments and addendums related to the clarification and improvement of the cloning institute. The paper refers to the incomplete legal regulation of this institute, in particular the absence of special low of the Republic of Armenia on legal regulation of the cloning, the necessity to study the prospects for the regulation of international legislation on the prohibition of reproductive cloning and the development of therapeutic cloning.
ՍԻՄՎՈԼԸ ՏԱՐԱԾԱԿԱՆ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ՏԵՍԱՆԿՅՈՒՆԻՑ/SYMBOL FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS/СИМВОЛ С ТОЧКИ ЗРЕНИЯ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ
Authors: Aleksanyan Lilit
Published: January 2022

The concept of "symbol" is one of the most discussed, multifaceted and capacious concepts in philosophy. It can be interpreted both as an intuition, and as a philosophical concept at the highest level of abstraction. The philosophical status and explanation of the concept is specified in the context of individual theories, where the authors try to explain, formulate and give various definitions of this phenomenon. However, the problem of defining the concept of symbol, hasn’t been solved in philosophy yet. In this regard, it should be noted that the problem of symbol in philosophy isn’t in the search and detection of final definition of symbol, but to discover and understand the nature of its concept.
As a relatively new independent phase in the development and interpretation of symbol, the philosophy of postmodernism formulates the so-called ''non-classical'' interpretation of the symbol as a new alternative version, as it reformulates and changes, the epistemological, ontological and value characteristics of the concept of the symbol, which were accepted in the previous philosophical systems.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL, PHOTOPROTECTIVE SCREENING OF EHRETIA ACUMINATA R.BR. LEAVES
Authors: Shukla A , Kaur A. , Shukla R. K , Anchal  ,   Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, Uttarakhand, India
Published: January 2022

To evaluate the comparability of some of the most common radical scavenging assays using 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, Ferric reducing power assay (FRAP) & nitric oxide. leaves of traditionally important medicinal plant Ehretia acuminata, used in Chinese herbal medicine were identified & analyzed for their antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and flavonoid content & sun protective factor (SPF). In this study different organic solvents, petroleum ether 40-600 C (PE), chloroform (CH), ethyl acetate (EA), ethanol 99.9% (EOL) & water (AQ) were used for soxhlet exraction of E. acuminata leaves. Among them, ethyl acetate extract exhibited strongest antioxidant activity with IC50 between 99 to 250 μg/ml. Ascorbic acid (AA) used as a standard antioxidant exhibited IC50 25µg/ml. Petroleum ether showed weak free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value between 500 to 770 µg/ml. The ability of protection against UV-B region followed the trend EOL> EA> PE> AQ> CH extract. The result reveals that these natural antioxidant potential of E. acuminata represents a side effect-free alternative to synthetic antioxidants in the food processing industry, in sunscreen formulations and for use in preventive synthetic drugs
DRUG DELIVERY TO RETINA: A REVIEW
Authors: Shelke D. A , Shirolkar S. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y.Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune - 411018, Maharashtra, India
Published: January 2022

The drug delivery to posterior segment especially to retina of eye is difficult due to various barriers. The diseases affecting the retina of eye are increasing and hence there is need to develop approaches for drug delivery to retina. This review describes the anatomy of retina, barriers associated with it, and diseases of retina. The drug delivery to retina by systemic, topical, intravitreal injection, intravitreal implant along with advance nanotechnology based and transporter mediated drug delivery is discussed here. The recent technologies in retinal drug delivery are also discussed to give comprehensive recent information about retinal drug delivery
STABILITY-INDICATING RP-UPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF DOLUTEGRAVIR AND RILPIVIRINE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Noorbasha Khaleel , Abdul Rahaman S . K ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar, Guntur - 522 510, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: January 2022

Specific stability-indicating reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLc) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of dolutegravir and rilpivirine in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical dosage forms. the optimized conditions for the developed UPLc method are Sb c8 column (100 x 3 mm, 1.8 mm) maintained at 30°c with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% ortho phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio 55:45%v/v in isocratic mode at flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection wavelength 260 nm. the retention times of dolutegravir and rilpivirine were found to be 1.25 min, and 1.69 min with linearity in the concentration ranges from 12.5 – 75.0 µg/mL and 6.25 – 37.5 µg/mL, respectively. the mean percentage recoveries of dolutegravir and rilpivirine were found to be 99.04 - 99.79 % and 99.20 - 99.92 %, respectively. the percent relative standard values were less than 2.0 at all the levels, indicating satisfactory accuracy and precisiom. the robustness was found to meet the acceptance criteria. the stress study against qualified working standards of dolutegravir and rilpivirine indicated that the developed UPLc method was stability- indicating, conducted as per ICH requirements.
PERMIAN NON-MARINE BIVALVES FROM THE COLLIO AND GUNCINA FORMATIONS (SOUTHERN ALPS, ITALY): REVISED BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHY
Authors: SILANTIEV VLADIMIR , MARCHETTI LORENZO , RONCHI AUSONIO , SCHIROLLI PAOLO , SCHOLZE FRANK , URAZAEVA MILYAUSHA
Published: January 2022

Non-marine bivalves are key fossils in Permian continental stratigraphy and palaeogeography. Although known since the end of 19th century, the occurrences from the continental basins of the Southern Alps have never been extensively studied. The non-marine bivalves from the Lower Permian Collio Formation (Brescian pre-Alps) are herein revised, and those from the Guncina Formation (Athesian District) are described for the first time. These two units yielded non-marine bivalves belonging to the genus Palaeomutela sensu lato, which is widespread in the Permian continental successions of eastern Euramerica. Three Palaeomutela morphotypes have been herein described: oval-subtriangular, subtrapezoidal and elongated. The latter includes several specimens herein assigned to Palaeomutela (Palaeanodonta) berrutii sp. nov. and dominates the Collio Formation association. The Guncina Formation yielded also the genus Redikorella, for the first time co-occurring on the same stratigraphic horizon of Palaeomutela, herein assigned to Palaeomutela (Palaeanodonta) guncinaensis sp. nov. To-date, it was generally accepted that the first members of the genera Palaeomutela and Redikorella occurred during the Ufimian (late Kungurian of the global scale) in the non-marine basins of the Cis-Ural Foredeep and of Angara, respectively. Such new finds in the early-middle Kungurian of southwestern Europe, well constrained by radioisotopic dating, suggest new global first appearance (First Appearance Datum) and a possible new center of origin of these genera. This fact raises new questions on biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology, which will require further research. If we assume that the genera Palaeomutela and Redikorella had only one center of origin, we need to hypothesise possible migration routes from SW Europe to the continental basins of Eastern Europe and Angara. Apparently, such migration could be better supported by a Pangaea B palaeogeographic configuration.
Per Salvatore Veca
Authors: Papi Fulvio
Published: January 2022

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The Demand for External Audit Quality: The Contribution of Agency Theory in the Context of Cameroon
Authors: Fossung Michael Forzeh , Mukah Samuel Tanjeh , Berthelo Kueda Wamba , Nsai Motika Eubert
Published: January 2022

This study examines the effect of agency theory on the demand for external audit quality in Cameroon. Specifically, it looks at the impact of shareholder/manager agency cost, shareholders/creditors agency cost, and majority/minority shareholders agency cost on external audit quality demand in Cameroon. The focus is on a sample of 171 companies drawn from the regions of Littoral, Centre and North-West using questionnaires. We assess the explanatory power of agency theory on the demand for a better quality of audit in the Cameroonian context by modelling external audit quality as a function of agency costs. The logistic regression analysis allows us to study the nature of any possible interaction. The analysis shows that while an increase in shareholder/creditor agency cost and an increase in shareholder/manager agency cost negatively affect the demand for audit quality, the majority/minority agency cost and the size of the audited client positively and significantly affect the demand for audit quality.
Long-term variations in the characteristics of the equatorial stratospheric zonal winds
Authors: KANE R. P.
Published: January 2022

Stratospheric equatorial zonal winds from 1951 onwards up to the present show considerable long-term variations, more so at higher levels, These are rarely monotonic and often show multi-periodic structures, including a sunspot cycle (II year variations), Stratospheric temperatures and geopotential heights also show multi-periodic variations, A periodicity near 20 years is encountered often.
A case study of land slide in Assam hills
Authors: RAY T. K.
Published: January 2022

A devastating land slide occurred on the early hours of 24 July, 1999 in the hill slopes close to downtown Guwahati. Widespread rain over the NE region and incessant rains over Guwahati area on 23 and 24 July was main reason for the slide which claimed ten (10) human lives almost instantaneously besides damage to property. The various meteorological and geological factors responsible for the land slide have been examined in this study.
Validation of CERES-Rice v3.5 under the climate of Andhra Pradesh state, India
Authors: SASEENDRAN S. A. , REDDY D. RAJI , RATHORE L. S. , RAO S. B. S. NARASIMHA , SINGH S. V.
Published: January 2022

Crop growth simulation models, properly validated against experimental data have the potential for tactical and strategic decision making in agriculture. Such validated models can also take the information generated through site specific experiments and trials to other sites and years. For proper calibration and evaluation of crop simulation models, there is a need for collection of a comprehensive minimum set of data on soil, weather and crop management in all agronomic experiments. Keeping this in view, field experiments were conducted at Rajendranagar (17°19' N, 78°23' E; 542.3 m amsl) during 1994-97 for three popular varieties of rice viz. Sambamasuri, Rajavadlu and Tellahamsa under irrigated conditions and data collected. Genetic coefficients required for running the CERES-Rice v3.5 model were calculated and the performance of the model under the climate of the area was evaluated. The results of the study show that the model simulations of date of flowering for Sambamasuri, Rajavadlu and Tellahamsa were within an average error of 6.2, 5.7 and 6.7 days respectively. Similar errors in predictions of physiological maturity dates were 7.6, 6.7 and 7.2 days. The error in grain yield predictions by the model averaged at 7.9%, 8.3%, and 5.7% respectively for the three crop varieties. These results indicate that the CERES Rice v3.5 model is capable of prediction of grain yield and phenological development of the crop in the climatic conditions of Andhra Pradesh with reasonable accuracy and hence, the model have the potential for its use as a tool in making various strategic and tactical decisions related to agricultural planning in the state.
Trends, periodicities and ENSO relationships of the annual precipitation over the contiguous United States and Southern Canada
Authors: KANE R. P.
Published: January 2022

The century-long (1891-1990) time series of Groisman and Easterling (1994a,b) representing estimates of annual precipitation amounts over five homogeneous regions of the United States and Southern Canada (south of 55° N) were examined for trends, periodicities and ENSO relationships. The trends were not uniformly up or down during the 100-year interval, for any region. From 1891 to about 1930, the trends were downward or negligible. Thereafter, the trends were mostly upward, with cyclic variations superposed. A spectral analysis revealed significant periodicities in the QBO and QTO regions (2-3 years and 3-4 years) as also higher periodicities, some common to all regions and hence seen in the series for the entire region. To study the ENSO relationship, a finer classification of El Nino events was used. Each year was examined to check whether it had an El Nino (EN) and/or a Southern Oscillation Index SOI minimum (SO) and/or warm (W) or cold (C) equatorial eastern Pacific sea surface temperatures SST. Several years were ENSOW, which were further subdivided into two groups viz. Unambiguous ENSOW where El Nino existed and SOI minima and SST maxima were in the middle of the calendar year (May-Aug) and, Ambiguous ENSOW where El Nino existed but the SOI minima and SST maxima were in the early or late part of the calendar year, not in the middle. Other El Nino events were of the type ENSO, ENW, ENC, EN. For the All India summer monsoon rainfall, Unambiguous ENSOW were overwhelmingly associated with droughts. For the rainfall in USA and Canada, relationships were not clear-cut except in the Gulf-Mexico region and some other parts. For these regions, excess rains were associated better with the Unambiguous ENSOW.
Heat island intensities over Brihan Mumbai on a cold winter and hot summer night
Authors: KUMAR SHRAVAN , PRASAD THAKUR , SASHIDHARAN N. V. , NAIR SUSHMA K.
Published: January 2022

A mobile temperature survey of Brihan Mumbai (Greater Bombay) was undertaken on 16 January 1997 which incidentally turned out to be the coldest winter night. Heat islands were found well inside the city, away from the coastal boundary, within a distinct tongue of warm air splitting in three branches roughly along the three sub- urban railway tracks. The finding of the study were in sharp contrast with similar studies conducted during the early seventies by Daniel and Krishnamurthy (1973) and later by Mukherjee and Daniel (1976). They found a remarkable influence of sea on the horizontal temperature distribution in comparison to other factors of urbanisation and noticed the heat island over Malabar Hill, Girgaurn and Cuffe Parade area. The survey conducted after a span of twenty-two years, showed that the temperature distribution in the city and suburbs has been modified significantly and that the effect of urbanisation has overtaken the effect of maritime influence in the formation and maintenance of heat islands. Another mobile temperature survey was conducted during the early hours of 11 May 1997 on the same lines as survey conducted on 16 January 1997, to confirm the findings of earlier survey and to assess seasonal changes in the intensities of heat island. This later survey showed similar pattern of horizontal temperature distribution, though the intensity of heat island observed was only 5.5° C as compared to 11.8° C observed during winter.
Visibility over Indian airports during winter season
Authors: DE U. S. , RAO G. S. PRAKASA , JASWAL A. K.
Published: January 2022

Visibility plays a key role at the time of landing and take off operations at airports. The daily visibility data from 1969 onwards for 25 stations in the country (at 2100, 0000, 0300 and 0600 UTC) are examined for the winter period. Side by side the dry bulb temperatures and the relative humidity recorded at the same time are also examined. Linear trend regressions have been fitted on the data sets for each of the cities. The significance is tested at 99% level of confidence.

 

In recent years, degradation of air quality in the cities has often been suggested as the cause for the increase in the number of poor visibility days <2000 meters) particularly in the morning hours. Continuous persistence of this phenomenon for a number of days has also been reported.

 

The results show that there are decreasing trends in visibility at most of the stations. At 0300 UTC the visibility is generally low and increased afterwards due to mixing and turbulence in the boundary layer.
Kajian Terhadap Gerakan Kebangkitan Epistimologi (Epistimological Movement) Tacit Knowledge Michael Polanyi
Authors: Rosanti Atik , Natsir Nanat Fatah , Haryanti Erni
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang kajian terhadap gerakan kebangkitan epistimologi (epistimological movement) tacit knowledge Michael Polanyi. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini menggunakan metode atau pendekatan kepustakaan (library research), Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Filsafat sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia karena dapat memecahkan berbagai persoalan kehidupan. Akibat pesatnya perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan telah banyak melahirkan paham baru. Kehadiran paham baru sebagai kritik bagi paham sebelumnya. Kritik Polanyi terhadap paham Positivisme karena paham tersebut terlalu melihat ilmu pengetahuan dari asplek objektivitasnya semata. Kritiknya mengahsilkan sebuah karyanya yang berjudul “Segi Tak Terungkap Ilmu Pengetahuan”. Relevansi pemikiran Polanyi pada lembaga pendidikan melalui kebijakan internal dalam upaya peningkatan mutu sekolah. Sekolah perlu memberikan otonomi serta keleluasaan pada wali kelas untuk mengatur kelas secara inovatif serta kreatif agar terciptanya kelas yang produktif dan nyaman sehingga peserta didik mampu mengembangkan dan memunculkan potensinya yang masih tersembunyi. Berikut beberapa upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh wali kelas dalam manajemen kelasnya, diantaranya: Pertama, Pertemuan rutin Wali Kelas dan Orang Tua Peserta Didik. Kedua, Penataan Kelas Bersama. Ketiga, Membangun Kehangatan Kelas. Kempat, Melakukan Quality Time Bersama. Kelima, Layanan Konseling Wali Kelas. Terakhir, Koordinasi dengan Berbagai Pihak.
Mobility Performance In Retinitis Pigmentosa Under Different Lighting Simulation Conditions
Authors:   Optometry & Vision Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia University Community Transformation Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Omar Rokiah
Published: January 2022

This study examined the mobility performance in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) under different simulation lighting conditions. A total of twenty-one subjects with RP and twenty-one age-matched controls were enrolled. Preferred Walking Speed (PWS) were determined using a simple mobility course at 61 cd/m2 while Percentage of Preferred Walking Speed (PPWS) and error score were determined at five different illumination level which were 62, 47, 20, 6 and 1 cd/m2 using a complex mobility course. RP and normal people had similar mobility performances in simple mobility situations at a constant high light level. In lower light levels as well as in complex mobility situations, RP subjects demonstrated markedly reduced mobility performance. The relationship between PPWS and luminance was linear, with the PPWS decreasing significantly when the mobility course luminance dropped below the illumination of 20 cd/m2 . The Error score was also noted to be linearly related to log luminance. A luminance level of 20 cd/m2 may provide a useful decision point in setting indoor light levels for clinical mobility courses.
Determination of Sero-Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among immunized individuals with Covid-19 vaccine in a tertiary center, Nepal
Authors: Lama Gopal , Shrestha Lilee , Karmacharya Nabin , Manandhar Rekha , Jha Runa
Published: January 2022

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (covid-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). People who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 or are vaccinated with covid-19 vaccines are supposed to develop immunoglobulins and these immune responses in human body will determine the efficacy of the vaccines as well as help to discover new therapeutic options. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted between April to June, 2021, assessing serum antibody titer from participants who had taken the first dose of covishieldTM vaccine (naïve as well as prior covid-19 infected individuals). Antibody testing was carried out with Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on Roche Cobas e 601 module. Twenty-eight of these participants had follow up repeat antibody test after second dose of vaccine. Results: A total of 122 participants with the first dose of CovishieldTM vaccine were all tested seropositive, antibody titer ranging from minimum of 2.95 U/mL to maximum 2500 U/mL. Average antibody titer was 308.9 U/mL for naive cohort and 1604 U/mL for prior covid-19 infection. In twenty-eight participants who had antibody titer measured after 1 month of second dose, average titer was 1459.7 U/mL for naïve cohort and 1803.4 U/mL for prior covid-19 infected individuals, which was statistically significant compared to antibody response after the first dose. Conclusions: Antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 following immunization was 100%, with significant development after second dose in naïve population while robust immune response was present after first dose in prior SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.