bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shkodra, një dëshmi e konvergimit kulturor në panoramën e mes shekullit XIX
Authors: Arapi Dorina
Published: June 2023

Shkodra, në shekujt XVIII dhe XIX, ishte një qendër e rëndësishme  ekonomike dhe kulturore. Tregu shkodran zhvillonte një veprimtari të gjerë që kulmoi me një zhvillim të madh ekonomik nga mesi i shekullit XIX. Në shekullin XVIII, sanxhaku i Shkodrës kishte një rëndësi të veçantë, si për Perandorinë Osmane, ashtu dhe për shtetet e krishtera përreth Adriatikut, veçanërisht për Venedikun, pasi Shkodra si kryeqendër, ishte e lidhur nëpërmjet tregtisë me botën perëndimore dhe me brendinë e Turqisë Europiane, ku të dyja palët, si osmanët, ashtu dhe venedikasit kishin interesa të përbashkëta, të mbështetura në lidhjet e vjetra ekonomike, afërsinë e skelave, si dhe interesat politike.
Tregtarët kishin agjencitë e tyre në vende të huaja, të cilat kryenin tregtinë me qytetet italiane e deri me Austrinë, Stambollin etj., siç ishin firmat tregtare “Vëllezërit Suma”, firma “Çoba”, e më tej në fillim shekullit XX, firmat “Pema” e “Zahara”, të cilët vazhdojnë traditën e përcjellë ndër vite. Letërkëmbimet tregtare me qendra të rëndësishme si Raguza, Venediku, Trieste, Korfuzi etj., dëshmojnë për lidhjet e ngushta të Shkodrës me qytetet e tjera bregdetare të Adriatikut, si dhe me ishujt jonianë. Dëshmitë e disa ndalesave për zhvillimin e tregtisë apo lëvizjes së tregtarëve nga Shqipëria drejt Italisë në vitet 1699, 1707 dhe 1729, të shpallura nga guvernatorët e Piaçencës, për arsye të rrezikut të përhapjes së sëmundjeve, tregojnë për marrëdhëniet e ngushta me qytetet italiane. Në këto vite çdo lloj tregtie ose praktikë shkëmbimi u ndalua, por jo vetëm për Shkodrën, por dhe për qytete të tjera si Korfuzi,  Qefalonia e Raguza. E pikërisht në këto qendra, tregtarët shkodranë që në shekullin XVIII kishin krijuar agjencitë dhe shtëpitë e tyre tregtare.
 Hapja e agjencive konsullore të disa vendeve të huaja, duke filluar nga shekulli XVIII, dëshmon për klimën e favorshme institucionale, shoqërore e kulturore të këtij qyteti. Ndërsa në anën tjetër lidhjet me Romën nga ku rrezatonte politika e Propaganda Fides, ndihmonte në përforcimin e depërtimin e frymës katolike. Pra, në tërësi, Shkodra shfaqet si një qytet me karakteristika të zonave të tokave të kufirit, një qytet me disa referenca kulturore.
Konventat ndërkombëtare mbi përfaqësimin diplomatik dhe rastet praktike të funksionimit të tyre
Authors: Shatku Saimir , Skrapi Armand
Published: June 2023

Marrëdhëniet diplomatike janë tepër të rëndësishme dhe luajnë rol kryesor, për sa i përket afirmimit dhe zhvillimit të tyre në arenën ndërkombëtare, me  qëllim përforcimin dhe zgjerimin e këtyre marrëdhënieve, nga ana e shumë shteteve janë ndërmarrë nisma të plota ligjore, në kuadër të vënies në zbatim të të gjitha rregullave ligjore të zbatimit të këtyre marrëdhënieve  në një fushë të gjerë veprimi. Për këtë arsye, janë nënshkruar dhe ratifikuar disa konventa kryesore, me qëllim zbatimin korrekt të marrëdhënieve diplomatike ndërmjet shteteve, duke i kthyer dispozitat e tyre të detyrueshme për zbatim dhe të ndërfutura në legjislacionin e brendshëm.

Për vetë faktin se shtetet çdo ditë e më shumë po ndërmarrin nisma dhe po vendosin marrëdhënie të gjera bashkëpunimi ndërmjet tyre, në aspektin politik e ekonomik, zbatimi i këtyre konventave përbën një nga domosdoshmëritë më të mëdha, për sa i përket trajtimit të diplomatëve dhe përfaqësive të tjera, gjatë ushtrimit të funksioneve të tyre. Konventat më të rëndësishme për këtë qëllim, janë nënshkruar disa dekada më parë nga shumë shtete, ku ndër më të rëndësishmet janë trajtuar në këtë punim, dispozitat e të cilave zbatohen ende në ditët e sotme.

Ndër të tjera, Konventa e Vjenës e vitit 1961, trajton në mënyrë më të detajuar të gjitha funksionet dhe përcaktimet që lidhen me fushën e imuniteteve apo privilegjeve të agjentëve diplomatikë, duke përcaktuar shprehimisht mënyrën e zbatimit të tyre nga shtetet përkatëse. Kjo dëshmon edhe njëherë rëndësinë që paraqet në fushën e marrëdhënieve diplomatike miratimi dhe zbatimi i kësaj konvente nga të gjitha shtetet. Miratimi dhe nënshkrimi i konventave të mësipërme nga ana e shteteve të pavarura përbën një kuadër ligjor të plotë në marrëdhëniet ndërkombëtare, duke përcaktuar edhe njëherë rëndësinë që luajnë ato në zhvillimin praktik e diplomatik.
Implementation of Creating Shared Value at PT Pegadaian (Persero) Case Study of Alamanda Sejahtera Waste Bank Assistance Program in Bekasi City
Authors: Hasan Andi In’amul , Laksmono Bambang Shergi
Published: June 2023

This research paper examines the implementation of Creating Shared Value (CSV) at PT Pegadaian (Persero) through its Alamanda Sejahtera Waste Bank Assistance Program in Bekasi City. The study aims to describe the program formulation and implementation of CSV in the waste bank assistance program. CSV, proposed by Michael Porter and Mark Kramer in 2011, emphasizes The importance of creating shared value between companies and society. This concept gives a win-win Solution where companies can achieve their business goals while providing benefits to the community and the environment. The approach and type of research used in this study is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The research focuses on PT Pegadaian (Persero), a state-owned financial company that has successfully reduced non-organic waste by 3,600 tons from 2018 to 2022 through its waste bank assistance program. The research contributes to the understanding of CSV implementation in the Indonesian context, focusing on PT Pegadaian (Persero)'s waste bank assistance program. Through this program, the company has not only made a positive impact on the environment by reducing non-organic waste but also created shared value by involving waste bank managers as Pegadaian agents. The findings shed light on the benefits of integrating financial services with waste management initiatives, demonstrating how companies can achieve their business goals while contributing to societal well-being. This research serves as a valuable reference for other financial institutions and organizations interested in implementing CSV and promoting sustainable practices in their operations.
The implementation and evaluation of a program for Dutch language proficiency for teacher education in Curaçao
Authors: Bak-Piard M. , Kroon S.
Published: June 2023

This contribution deals with the implementation and evaluation of a program for Dutch language proficiency that was developed in a long-term educational design study in Teacher Education at the University of Curaçao. It first gives an overview of the study and describes the multilingual context of the Dutch Caribbean in which it was conducted. It then briefly goes into the large study dropout rates and low Dutch language proficiency of student teachers that led to developing design principles and a new language proficiency program. The program’s implementation was investigated in a mixed methods case study with classroom observations, interviews, and language tests, to describe and evaluate its use and effect. The case study included a formative part, investigating how the program and its implementation were perceived and evaluated by the teacher educators and student teachers and a summative part, investigating the effects of the program for the student teachers’ Dutch language proficiency and study success. The results of the case study showed that the program and its underlying design principles were positively evaluated by the student teachers and teacher educators and that it contributed to higher Dutch language proficiency scores and lower dropout rates in teacher education.
Hur studenters sömn-kvalitet påverkas av att använda sociala medier med oändliga flöden innan läggdags
Authors: Andersson Adam , Gärde Mikaela
Published: June 2023

Många unga vuxna använder sig av sociala medier innan de ska sova för natten. Majoriteten av dessa sociala medier använder funktionen ”infinite scroll”, ett oändligt flöde som är designat i syfte att förlänga användarens tid på plattformen. Samtidigt är det många unga vuxna som upplever att de inte får tillräckligt med sömn. I detta kandidatexamensarbete undersöktes sambanden mellan användning av sociala medier med oändliga flöden och sömnproblem.
اللغة العربية بين العملية التعليمية والممارسة العملية في كلية العلوم الإسلامية لجامعة بارتين
Authors: Alterkawı Kenda
Published: June 2023

اللغة العربية لغة مترامية الأطراف، وتشتمل في ثناياها علوم عدة مثل: (النحو والصرف، والإملاء والبلاغة، والأدب)، أيضا أن مناهج اللغة العربية تحتوي على خمس مهارات أساسية وهي:( القراءة، الكتابة، الاستماع، التحدث، والتفكير أو الاستيعاب) وبين هذه المهارات علاقة ترابطية - تبادلية، وأيضاً هنالك علاقة ترابطية بين مهارات اللغة وعلومها لا يمكن غض الطرف عنها بالمناهج وتطبيقها.

تطرقت في عجالة للحديث عن المسار التاريخ وكيف تدرجوا في ذلك، بدءاً من دراسة مادتي النحو والصرف لغرض استيعاب الكتب الدينية، مروراً بفتح المدارس النظامية، ثم انتشارها على نطاق واسع في عهد محمد الفاتح، وسليمان القانوني، حتى الوصول إلى فتح مدارس الأئمة والخطباء، وازداد الإقبال عليها بعد ما عُرف بالربيع العربي وتدفق العرب من كل حدب وصوب إلى تركيا، وفي خضم التطورات المتسارعة التي شهدتها السنوات الأخيرة بما عرف بثورات الربيع العربي، وما تبعه من صراعات وحروب بدأت تتدفق الهجرات من البلدان العربية كسورية ومصر إلى تركيا.

برزت مسألة تعلم اللغة العربية على نطاق أوسع، فعولجت هذه المسألة أحيانا بالاستقبال الجامد لتعلم بعض المفردات التي تساعد على عملية الفهم بين الطرفين، وأحياناً أخرى بالاهتمام بتعلم الجاد وتقييم كفاءة اللغة وزخم مفرداتها، وتقدير إمكانية مواكبتها وتعلمها لأسباب كثيرة تختلف حسب الجهات والأهداف والسبل التي تتبع إليها كمؤسسات تعليمية هدفها الارتقاء بطلبتها في تعلم اللغة العربية وخاصة في الكليات الشرعية وكليات الآداب، أو كمؤسسات حكومية هدفها تعليم موظفيها وتدريبهم للتعامل مع مراجعيهم من العرب الوافدين، أو كشركات لها أهداف تجارية في تحسين وتطوير تجارتها أو كأفراد أصبح بينهم وبين العرب روابط اجتماعية كزواج أو صداقة أو صلة القرابة.

ورغم الإقبال على تعلم اللغة العربية، فالطلبة يعانون من صعوبات كثيرة أثناء التعلم بعضها عائد للطالب نفسه، وبعضها عائد للمناهج القديمة والحديثة. فجاء البحث ليبين بعض ما يُعاني منه الطلبة الأتراك، كصعوبة لفظ بعض الأحرف والكلمات، وصعوبة الكتابة، رغم أن اللغة التركية تتشابه مع اللغة العربية في عدد الحروف التسعة والعشرون حرفاً، لكنهما تفترقان في العديد من المسائل الصوتية، ففي اللغة التركية يوجد صوائت ثمانية، بينما يوجد في العربية ستة صوائت لكن هذه الستة تختلف بالنسبة للتركية، فالصوائت العربية ثلاثة منها قصيرة وثلاثة طويلة، والتشابه يقع مع الصوائت القصيرة مما يختصر التشابه إلى ثلاثة فقط، فضلاً عن مشكلة الحركات، ومشكلة صعوبة الكتابة، بالإضافة إلى صعوبات أخرى تتعلق بالمعلمين أو بالمناهج، أو حتى بطرائق التدريس المتبعة في كل جامعة وفي النهاية قدمت بعض التوصيات لأنفسنا، ولكل من يقرأ هذا البحث علنا معاً نستطيع الوصول إلى تجاوز هذه الصعوبات.
STUDY TO ASSESS RELATION OF LIPID PROFILE AND HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS ATTENDING NIMS HOSPITAL, JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN
Authors:   Department of General Medicine, NIMS Hospital, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, Pravinkumar Dr. Goyani Rudra , Devpura Dr. Ganpat ,   Department of General Medicine, NIMS Hospital, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
Published: June 2023

Dyslipidaemia and hypertension are major cardiovascular disease risk factors, and the Indian population experiences the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between lipid profiles in hypertensive patients with normotensive control subjects in patients attending NIMS Hospital, Jaipur Rajasthan. A single-Center, case-control hospital based study was carried out among 140 participants (eighty (80) patients were included in the study) from January 2021 to June 2022 in National Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Data were collected on sociodemographic factors, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL). On analysis of the lipid profile of 80 hypertensive patients and 80 Normotensive control subjects the mean TC values in cases and controls are 199 mg/dl and 167 mg/dl respectively. The mean TG values are 199 mg/dl and 123 mg/dl, the mean LDL c values are 121.5 mg/dl and 97.5 mg/dl. The serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL were higher while HDL levels were lower in hypertensive subjects compared to normotensives, which was statistically significant (P<0.001). Age, waist circumference, and body mass index showed significant association with hypertensive patients (P<0.0001) but not with normotensives. The logistic regression analysis showed that hypertensive patients had higher TC and TG, LDL and lower HDL than normotensives, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Hypertensive patients in NIMS hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan have a close association with dyslipidaemia and need measurement of blood pressure and lipid profile at regular intervals to prevent cardiovascular disease, stroke, and other comorbidities.
A REVIEW OF CASSIA PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY
Authors:   Dr. K. N. Modi University, Newai, 304021, Rajasthan, India, Tokbi Ratsongja , Vyas Girish Kumar ,   Dr. K. N. Modi University, Newai, 304021, Rajasthan, India, Sharma Hariom ,   Dr. K. N. Modi University, Newai, 304021, Rajasthan, India, Sharma Anil ,   Dr. K. N. Modi University, Newai, 304021, Rajasthan, India, Sharma Manmohan ,   Dr. K. N. Modi University, Newai, 304021, Rajasthan, India
Published: June 2023

Because of its natural origin and significant therapeutic value, the usage of medicinal plants has grown in prominence. Many unique phytochemical components with significant pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties, may be found in the various species of the genus Cassia. These compounds can be used to treat a wide range of medical conditions. This paper discusses the significance of the genus Cassia and many experimental studies done on diverse species of this genus that can help develop a new herbal medication. Keywords: Cassia, Phytoconstituents, Pharmacological Activity, Medicinal Plant
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF PULMONARY AND EXTRA PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors:   E.G.S Pillay College of Pharmacy, Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, India, Sabina T , s Balakrishnan ,   E.G.S Pillay College of Pharmacy, Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, India, M Nachiappan ,   E.G.S Pillay College of Pharmacy, Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, India, B S Gopinath ,   E.G.S Pillay College of Pharmacy, Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, India
Published: June 2023

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes TB, is an infectious disease that affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis) and other organs (extra pulmonary tuberculosis). Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the risk factor and the treatment of tuberculosis. Aim: Studying the risk factors and treatment options for tuberculosis is the goal. Objectives: Finding out the risk factors for pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis, identifying the many types of extra pulmonary tuberculosis, and researching the various treatment options for pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis are among the objectives of this study.
A Case Report of Infantile Hemangioma of Upper Lip Affecting Breathing and Breastfeeding.
Authors:   Bapuji Pharmacy College, Shamanur Road, S S Layout, Davangere- 577004, Karnataka, India, M Swathi
Published: June 2023

Infantile hemangioma is a benign tumor of vascular endothelium in children which can be treated by laser therapy, drug therapy, and surgery. In most cases, hemangioma doesn’t require any intervention as it fades over time. We present a case of infantile hemangioma of the upper lip which affected the baby’s breastfeeding and breathing. The infant was treated initially with oral propranolol for 3 days and then switched to ointment timolol to continue for 9 months. Advised to have a regular visit to OPD (out-patient department) for further monitoring.
Assessment of Pain and Functional Outcome between Intra-Articular Corticosteroids and Platelet Rich Plasma (Prp) in Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors:   NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, Narkhede Dimple ,   NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, Debnath Dibyendu , Kumar Gurjar Rajesh ,   NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, Khandelwal Piyush ,   NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
Published: June 2023

Background-Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent type of arthritis, which significantly impacts the patient’s mobility and quality of life. Although pharmacological treatments like corticosteroids can provide immediate pain relief and enhance mobility and quality of life for osteoarthritis patients, their long-term effectiveness is limited. Material and Method- Forty patients affected by symptomatic radiologically confirmed knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren Lawrence grades II–III) were enrolled in this study. In the study, 30 patients were assigned to the PRP group and received a 5 mL intra-articular injection of PRP, while another 30 patients were randomized to the corticosteroid group and received an intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide (2 mL of 40 mg/mL) and lidocaine (3 mL of 2%). The VAS, IKDC, and WOMAC scales were used to evaluate pain and function of the target knee at baseline, 1.5 months, and 3 months after treatment.
A DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW ON PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   MM College of Pharmacy, MM (DU), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, Kumari Rakhi , kumar Rajat ,   MM College of Pharmacy, MM (DU), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, Bisht Amit ,   MM College of Pharmacy, MM (DU), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, Sharma Vivek ,   MM College of Pharmacy, MM (DU), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
Published: June 2023

Measurement of essential process parameters that impact critical quality characteristics is at the heart of process analytical technology (PAT), which is used in the design, analysis, and control of pharmaceutical production processes. Physical and Chemical Attribute Testing (PAT) ensures high quality raw materials (i.e. at off-line, on-line, in-line). With PAT, we move away from testing the structures themselves and instead test the goods themselves at various stages of production. PAT drastically reduces the resources needed for product sampling and testing. In order to be effective, PAT must provide instruments such contemporary process analysers or analytical chemistry, endpoint process monitoring and regulating instruments, and continuous improvement and knowledge enhancement instruments. In this review, we've tried to dig into what PAT is, what it's for, what kinds of tools you can use for it, what problems it's meant to solve, how it operates, and what advantages it offers.
Assessing the Impact of Big Data Analytics in the Telecommunications Sector
Authors:   Kampala International University, Zayyad M. A
Published: June 2023

Big data analytics is a significant way of improving telecommunications operators’ Quality of Service (QoS) and improve their businesses. This study was aimed at determining the impact of big data analysis in telecommunication industry and also to arouse their interest towards big data. The study used four domestic telecommunication companies as case study, namely MTN, GLO, 9Mobile and AIRTEL. The study uses survey method of data collection by using structured questionnaire. Sixteen network nodes were used in the study from four clusters. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient using Smart – PLS, DBSCAN Algorithm was employed using google python as data analysis method. The study revealed that there is high traffic data from the telecoms and this is as a result of various user activities like internet usage and highly dense network clusters, which happened at a specific time or within a particular duration at a specified location. The findings led to a conclusion that the big data analytics can be considered as a solution to directional small cells in millimeter wave cellular networks to improve QoS. The study recommends that big data should be given due consideration and be used in making national budget and policy formulation. The study further recommends that tertiary institutions should create big data analytics training to create a platform for training and development of manpower mainly on big data analytics as is obtainable in developing and IT-driven countries.
Elemental, Proximate And Antinutrient Analysis of the Croziers of Cyclosorus Afer (Christ.) Ching
Authors:   Osun State University, Akinyemi S.A , Isa M.O ,   Obafemi Awolowo University, Olowolade E.A ,   Obafemi Awolowo University
Published: June 2023

The objective was to investigate the elemental, proximate and anti-nutritional properties of Cyclosorus afer. Croziers of Cyclosorus afer were collected from their natural habitat at Elefosan, Ipetu-Ijesa, Osun State, Nigeria. Atomic absorption spectrometer was used for the elemental analysis. The proximate analysis was carried out following standard methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Anti-nutritional content including oxalate and phytate was determined following standard techniques. The results of the elemental analysis showed the presence of sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, lead, chromium, copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, arsenic, cadmium and manganese with sodium (1.040 ± 0.040 ppm) showing the highest proportion followed by potassium (0.420 ± 0.005 ppm) and arsenic (0.001 ± 0.000 ppm) was present in the least amount. The proximate analysis showed the presence of protein (5.067 ± 0.061%), moisture (10.540 ± 0.228%), fat (1.140 ± 0.057%), ash (9.470 ± 0.200%), crude fibre (1.227 ± 0.024%) and carbohydrate (72.550 ± 0.448%). The anti-nutritional compounds found included oxalate (26.700 ± 1.150 mg/g) and phytate (1071 ± 0.252 mg/g). The findings from this study indicated that although anti-nutritional components were high, croziers from Cyclosorus afer could serve as source of nutrients for animals and humans
MHD Free-Convective Couette flow in a Vertical Porous Microchannel Using Non-Linear Boussinesq Approximation
Authors:   Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Ahmad Samaila K. , Jha Basant k. ,   Ahamadu Bello University, Hussaini Ayyub M. ,   Shehu Shagari College of Education, Altine Muhammad M. ,   Federal University
Published: June 2023

An analytical solution for free convection flow of an electrically conducting fluid in a vertical micro-porous-channel, in the existence of transversely applied magnetic-field and nonlinear Boussinesq approximation is carried out in this article. The governing equations representing stated objective are obtained and solved analytically using method of undetermiend coefficients and direct integration. Pictorial and tabularlar representions of solutions obtained are carried out, so as to ascertain the role of various governing parameters entering flow formation. During the course of numerical simulation of results, it is found that the volumetric flow rate increases with increase in Couette flow parameter, asymmetric heating parameter and suction/injection parameter but decreases with increase in nonlinear Boussinesq approximation parameter.
A CRITIQUE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN JULIE OKOH'S PLAYS: OUR WIVES FOREVER AND CLOSED DOORS
Authors:   University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Emenike Azunwo Eziwho
Published: June 2023

The situation of women in most countries should have been tackled by the efforts of some female scholars and their male counterparts who have claimed in the past and still claiming to have fought and still fighting for the betterment of the female folks. The expression ‘domestic violence’ as used in this paper includes violence against women by an intimate partner and by other family members. Violence against women is often a cycle of abuse that manifests itself in many forms throughout their lives. During childhood, violence against girls may include; enforced malnutrition, lack of access to medical care and attention, lack of access to education, incest, female genital mutilation, early marriages and forced prostitution and even bounded labour. This paper reassesses the effects of domestic violence on women using Julie Okoh’s plays: Closed Door and Our wife Forever as moral critique of the unwholesome state of affairs in Nigeria and applies Abraham Maslow’s theory of Need. It adopts the qualitative research methodology. This paper discovers there are no stringent and effective punishments of culprits who unleash violence on women in Nigeria. And therefore recommends severe punishment for people adjudged guilty of domestic violence and abuse on women, while encouraging them to speak out against this anomaly.
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COST AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF OIL AND GAS FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Micah Juwon Akinleye , Olaoye Clement Olatunji ,   Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

This study examined community development and financial performance of oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Specifically, the study analyzed the effect of community development cost on return on asset of selected oil and gas firms. Six (6) oil and gas firms were sampled for the study and data were collated from published annual reports of these firms over the period of 10 years, spanning between 2010 and 2019. Data were analyzed using panel based estimation techniques and evaluations were done for the most consistent and efficient result based on restricted F-test and Hausman test. Result showed that a unit increase in community development cost by 1 billion naira led to insignificant increase in return on asset by 0.7%. By implication this result showed that increase in the level of community development cost of oil and gas firms in Nigeria significantly influenced the performance of oil and gas firms as measured in terms of return on asset. This study concluded first that engagement in community development in Nigeria by oil and gas firms has the potential to culminate into improved corporate performance; however, such potential is yet to be fully harnessed by most of the oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Hence oil and gas firms in the country, should be more objective in their engagement in community development in the country, so as to further boost their performance potential.
ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR ATTRIBUTES AND SMALL BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
Authors:   Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, O.O Akande , A.J Raheem ,   Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, Charles Jimoh ,   Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, J.O. Olagbemiro ,   Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

Small businesses contribute greatly to employment generation and economic development of Nigeria and Ogun State in particular. Despite effort many small businesses perform below expectation. This study examined entrepreneurial behaviour effect on small business performance in Ogun State, Nigeria. Both primary and secondary data were employed in this study. The population of the study consists of 1,690 small business entrepreneurs registered by SMEDAN in Ogun State, out of which 323 were selected using stratified and purposive sampling techniques. 323 questionnaires were administered on respondents and the data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, linear regression statistical techniques. The results of analysis indicate that the major determinant of entrepreneurial behaviour is risk taking and innovation and positively influence performance of the small business. The study concluded that risk taking and innovation are determinant factors of entrepreneurial behaviour and it has major significant effect on the small business performance. It is recommended that small business entrepreneurs in Ogun State should develop and nurture entrepreneurial behaviour qualities that would assist their business to improve and run a sustainable business.
THE RISING CULTURAL HEGEMONY ON TIKTOK: THE COUNTER-FLOW OF CONTENT FROM THE MENA REGION TO THE WEST BETWEEN 2019 AND 2021
Authors:   American University in Dubai, Tamim Khalid , AlHuneidi Sara ,   American University in Dubai, Narsh Siba ,   American University in Dubai, Basmaji Christine ,   American University in Dubai
Published: June 2023

While TikTok has been on a continuous marathon of climbing the peak of social media platforms recently, it has abundantly shaken many of the user-behavior-based archetypes and natures of engagement. it has expeditiously turned into a stoneset blueprint and an utter crux for today’s generation; changing the game once and for all, while simultaneously carving the way for the emergence of a pioneering era of content digitization, under a wide umbrella of global cultural exchange. In this light, this study focuses on examining the noticeable counter-flow of cultural content from the MENA region to the West on the Chinese app between the years 2019 and 2021. This paper aims to analyze the rising cultural hegemon of Middle Eastern content on TikTok, as well as its grasp, reception, and consumption by Western creators and users. This study gives heed to factors such as cultural hegemony, globalization, and the cultural formation of communications theory across digital platforms. This study has been conducted through the reliance of a purposeful sampling method, in which 121 TikTok videos were thoroughly collected, each of them being mainly viral in the Western region’s and sharing a common ground that binds them to at least one aspect of an Arabic and Middle Eastern cultural context. Findings indicate that some degree of MENA content counter-flow was present concerning Western content, which is strongly possible through the calculated percentages, which accentuate how exponential growth of interest in Middle Eastern culture has been depicted by Western audiences especially between the years 2020-2021, in which entertainment (Dance, Art) had its largest share, followed by Arabic humor, beauty and fashion, romance, and lastly, food. Henceforth, this notion comes in direct comparison to its relatively non-existent aura back in 2019 and before that
EMPLOYEES’ RESILIENCE, HOPE AND OPTIMISM AS PREDICTORS OF WORKPLACE CIVILITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR
Authors:   Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Adedeji J Ogunleye , Olurotimi. J. Ogunlade ,   Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere, Ekiti, Emmanuel T Bankole ,   Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Oyewole. S Oke ,   Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

The study investigated employees’ resilience, hope and optimism as predictors of workplace civility and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among civil servants in Ekiti State, Nigeria; following the efforts of positive psychology to discover the importance of positivity to people and a renewed emphasis on the importance of positivity to organizational effectiveness and growth. A sample of 262 civil servants was selected for the study, using the multi-stage random sampling technique to select the Ministries, Departments and Agencies as well as the research participants. A questionnaire was used to collect data and was adopted from Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) developed by Smith et. al, Beck’s Hopelessness Scale developed by Beck, 10-items Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R) developed by Scheier and Carver, Civility Scale developed by Meterko et.al, and the 18 items Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale developed by Organ. Data were analyzed using the multiple regression analysis and results of analysis revealed that employees’ resilience, hope and optimism significantly jointly predict workplace civility and organizational citizenship behaviour. Results also revealed that whereas resilience, hope and optimism individually significantly predict OCB, only hope and optimism individually significantly predict workplace civility
RACISM IN CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE’S AMERICANAH: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Authors:   Adekunle Ajasin University, Àkùngbá-Àkókó, Ondo State, Nigeria, Bamigbola Olayinka Esther , Ihejirika  Ijeoma Mary ,   Adekunle Ajasin University, Àkùngbá-Àkókó, Ondo State, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

Since the slavery and colonial eras, racism and ethnic issues, power and class relations between individuals, entities, communities and dominance have been the major issues in the world. Racism enacts superiority of a race over another, and this act affects people not only on interpersonal level but also through the broader structures of society most notably in the system of education, justice, media, policing, immigration and employment as well as through hate activities and government policies. This study portrays how Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is able to manipulate her choice of words in describing the stigma that a society has attached to individuals because of their colour. Fairclough and Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis approaches guided the analyses. CDA is an indispensable tool for the analysis of any discourse that portrays social practices. The study concludes that discrimination is not only done by mainstream or the in-group members of a society but the out-group members also engage in this act of disassociation which is caused by the migration of people from one country to the other either for better opportunities or for educational purposes as portrayed in the novel.
The Dynamics of Nitrogen Valorification in Wheat Crop under the Influence of the Used Agrofound
Authors: Agapie Alina Laura , Horablaga Nicolae Marinel , Bostan Cristian , Popa Lorena-Diana , Istrate-Schiller Christianna-Maria , Rechițean Dorin , Sala Florin
Published: June 2023

The study assessed the efficiency of nitrogen use in winter wheat, cultivar ‘Ciprian’ through the combined application of nitrogen with phosphorus fertilizers, between 2016 and 2021. The research was organized within ARDS Lovrin, Timiş County, Romania, under the conditions of a chernozem soil type. The experimental factors considered were: experimental factor A - year of experimentation - six years 2016-2021; experimental factor B -mineral nitrogen fertilizers, with the following graduations: 0 kg N ha-1 (control), 30 kg N ha-1, 60 kg N ha-1,90 kg N ha-1and 120 kg N ha-1; experimental factor C- mineral phosphorus fertilizers, with the following five graduations: 0 kg P ha-1 (control), 40 kg P ha-1, 80 kg P ha 1, 120 kg P ha-1 and 160 kg P ha-1. Production has been taken into consideration for NEU evaluation (Y, kg ha-1), the total nitrogen (Ntot) content (%) of thegrains, N uptake (%) in relation to the experimental factors considered. Differences in NUEs had different significance compared to each experimental factor, and the interaction between A×B, A×C and B×C factors generated differences in statistically safe conditions (p<0.05 in A×C case, and p<0.001 in A×B and B×C case).
Investigation of Relationships Between Available Boron and Soil Properties
Authors: Gökmen Fatih , Uygur Veli , Sukuşu Enise
Published: June 2023

Soil formation processes and cropping and management practices affect plant-available amounts of boron (B) in soils. Using Pearson's correlation and principal component analyses, this study investigated the relationships between soil properties and plant-available boron concentrations in 69 soil samples. In principal component analysis (PCA), 73.079% of the variance was explained with four components. Plant-available B in the soil was significantly correlated with phosphorus, potassium, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC), showing that phosphorus and potassium fertilizer producers would be adding boron to fertilizers, although it is not mentioned on their packages. Also, the tide correlation between B and either soil pH and EC was attributed to greater solubility B, pH and EC. The majority of the experimental soils were deficient in boron. Therefore, boron fertilizer must be added to the fertilization program to mitigate the losses caused by boron deficiency in low-input agricultural production fields.
Enhancing Grain Yield and Zinc Content in Bread Wheat Using Zinc and Nitrogen Application under Supplementary Irrigation Treatments
Authors: Vaziri Hossein , Dadashi Mohammad Reza , Ajamnorozi Hossein , Soltani Afshin , Yarahmadi Saeed
Published: June 2023

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the crops that has great importance in human and animal nutrition. Nutrient management can improve the nutritional value and grain yield in bread wheat. Therefore, this study was conducted to assessment the effect of Zinc (Zn) levels as well as the interactions with Nitrogen (N) and irrigation regimes on yield, yield components and Zn content in bread wheat grain. To this purpose, an experiment was performed in a split-split plot design with four replications, which supplementary irrigation (no irrigation, irrigation at stem elongation and irrigation at the stage of grain filling) as the main plot, Zn levels as split-plot (no spraying of Zn and Spraying Zn with a concentration of 5%) and nitrogen consumption levels (nitrogen-free, half the normal dosage and normal nitrogen consumption) as split-split factors. The results showed that the grain yield and yield components affected by the applied treatments. The highest grain yield (646 g/m2 ) and Zn concentration (32.69%) observed in spraying Zn at 5% concentration supplemented with irrigation at the grain filling stage with normal N application. Also, Zn content of grain was increased by Zn foliar application. Furthermore, the grain yield significantly correlated with Zn content, Harvest index (HI), seed filling rate (SFR), thousand seed weight (TKW) and seed number per spike (SNS) traits. The highest grain yield was obtained in supplementary irrigation in grain filling stage indicating importance of supplementary irrigation in this stage. In general, the results of this study showed that the grain yield and quality in bread wheat could be increased by supplementary factors.
Nitrogen Management Trends for Agricultural and Environmental Science
Authors: Constantinescu Mihai , Rodino Steliana , Buțu Alina , Buțu Marian , Todirică Ioana Claudia , Popa Mihaela , Chetroiu Rodica , Sima Nicuşor Flavius
Published: June 2023

Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for plants and is required by them in relatively large quantities. This paper presents an overview of scientific literature related to nitrogen management, with a specific highlight on permanent grasslands and has involved a bibliometric analysis of scientific literature regarding nitrogen management. The analysis was performed using the SCOPUS, which is an extensive database of literature all over the world, with wide coverage in keyword of analysis. For visualization and analysis, VOSviewer 1.6.18 was employed, which is an open access computer program, developed for creating bibliometric maps. The search results were downloaded as full record and citation data, with information related to document type, year of publication, title, author, keywords, abstract, references, funding agency, citations. A number of 3,948 articles were retrieved for analysis. The articles were sorted by relevance. The information was downloaded as .csv file and imported into VOSviewer 1.6.18 application software. Using the search query ”nitrogen management”, ”meadows” and ”pastures” indicated that 90% of the papers retrieved were research articles indexed in agricultural and biological sciences, followed by those in the environmental sciences, with themes of the ecosystem process, environmental management, land use, nitrogen fixation, organic nitrogen, soil structure, soil processing techniques.
Reflections on My Dilemmas with Writing
Authors: Shamsuzzaman Mohammad
Published: June 2023

The field of Writing Studies is full of prescriptions and proscriptions. As a writing professional, I’m cognizant of these directives. While I treasure my extensive exposure to the knowledge-base of Writing Studies/Composition, I don’t uncritically endorse and enact the theories that the discipline of Writing Studies upholds. It often dawns on me that the discipline of Writing Studies falls short in appreciating the complex composing process that I embody as a second language writer in English. I don’t blame the field of Writing Studies for such a lacuna, as I know that the discipline emerged in North America to cater to the writing needs of the native speakers of English. I’m a non-native of the English language, already conditioned by a culture that is entrenched in different epistemology and philosophy of writing. Ours is a culture of so-called writer-based or creative writing, and writing is believed to be a natural endowment. Writing is not taught or learned. It’s, instead, absorbed and acquired. Composition Studies predominantly deals with so-called reader-based or academic writing, and the discipline stubbornly maintains that writing is a learned skill. My cultural and linguistic backgrounds contradict with some of the fundamental assumptions of the discipline of Composition Studies. I don’t have an absolute allegiance to the epistemology and philosophy of my ur-culture. Neither am I completely colonized by the discipline of Composition Studies. My default writing process spawns some dilemmas as such. I reveal and reflect on these dilemmas in this essay.
Power Shifts in the English Language in Postcolonial African Poetry
Authors: Banu Jainab Tabassum
Published: June 2023

Colonialism has been used as a negative term for its brutal, cruel, and merciless history of oppression. In the process of colonization, the English language has been used as a tool of subjugation. However, postcolonial writers have formed a resistance against European superpowers by writing their own stories in the colonizer’s language. Although critics like Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and Chinua Achebe have given contradictory views on using the English language to write African fiction, most of the postcolonial African writers have remarkably written about their own African experiences in English. By analyzing four postcolonial African poems by Leopold Sedar Senghor, David Diop, Wole Soyinka and Gabriel Okara, this paper aims to explicate how the colonizer’s weapon – the English language – actually turns into a blessing for postcolonials.
“Everywhere I look, you could frame it”:
Authors: Brooker Joseph
Published: June 2023

David Mitchell’s novels are often discussed in terms of large themes, but this paper adumbrates a different approach: reading Mitchell as a stylist, tracing the tendencies of his writing at a more local level and probing their implications. Focusing on Mitchell’s debut Ghostwritten (1999), the essay explores Mitchell’s persistent penchant for aphorism and for succinct visual description. In the novel’s “Tokyo” chapter we observe the cyclical growth of cherry blossoms as part of the narrator Satoru’s attention to the world. In the “Petersburg” chapter, another narrator, Margarita Latunsky, walks through the city at night, listing vivid visual details, and remarks: “Everywhere I look, you could frame it and just by doing that you’d have a picture.” This attention to detail is redemptive. The same is true of another character, Neal Brose, earlier in the book, who, just before his death is granted a perceptual relief, an ability to see and appreciate more clearly the physical world around him. In all this, Mitchell compares tellingly to the great stylist of the previous generation of British novelists, Martin Amis. The reviewer Adam Mars-Jones observed that “Amis’s originality as a stylist” had been “to detach lyrical language from the lyrical impulse,” writing with exquisite style about degradation. Mitchell inverts this aesthetic, bringing our attention readily to bear on the external world in a spirit of curiosity and care. This connects to Mitchell’s ethical impulse as a writer: his care for words betokens a care for the world.
Hajar Churashir Ma:
Authors: Islam Tasnia
Published: June 2023

The surface story of Mahasweta Devi’s novel Hajar Churashir Ma (Mother of 1084) is a cumulative of glimpses of the incidents of how Kolkata responded to the massacre of Broti Chatterjee and his comrades who took part in the revolutionary communist Naxalite movement in the early 1970s. But underneath the guise of the crucial sociopolitical issues, this text is essentially about a female individual – a mother – who resists her conventional, marginalized, ignored, and silenced survival, and emerges from the periphery to the center and from silence to voice in order to redefine her life. The way she executes an inward revolution (metaphorically paralleled with her son’s armed revolution) to materialize her sense of being within the dominating patriarchy (mostly performed by her terrorizing marriage) and the way she breaks through the stereotypes and exploitations to create her own place – both domestic and social – produce a remarkable personal “herstory.” This paper, thus, attempts to explore the “herstorical” journey of Sujata towards psychological emancipation through the passage of self-realization and political consciousness. The paper also observes that the portrayal of Sujata’s journey is not limited to a single individual “herstory” because it symbolically represents the struggles of many other Sujatas who fight against gender stereotypes and attempt ideological liberation.
What is Violence? On Hannah Arendt’s Critique of Frantz Fanon
Authors: Ishrat Ibne Ismail Md.
Published: June 2023

Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth offers a strong intellectual framework established on the author’s medical and social experiences to overthrow colonial rule. Specifically, the text is Frantz Fanon’s interpretation of the mechanisms of colonialism and of revolution from the perspective of the Algerian struggle to get rid of French colonial rule. Out of the five chapters of the book, the first one, “On Violence,” where Fanon supports violence as a requisite weapon to bring down colonial rule towards national liberation and the reinstallation of humanity in the colonized world, is the one often “misunderstood and misrepresented” (Brydon). This paper, by presenting a critique of works such as Hannah Arendt’s views on violence, argues that Fanon’s concept of violence has to be engaged with and understood within the context in which Fanon has framed it, particularly the Algerian struggle.
Overcoming the Gleam of Empire and the Excremental State in The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born
Authors: Mahzabeen Bushra
Published: June 2023

The process of decolonization had most of the time been tumultuous for all African states as they tried to rise from the debris of European empires. Mass uprisings, enigmatic leaders, grand narratives of a hopeful future have shaped their individual paths to autonomy. But all those paths have ended up misdirecting the people. The promises made by revolutionary leaders, fighting in the liberation wars, fell too short in providing a new start for the citizens of the postcolonial states. One reason for this failure has been a misconstrued idea of nation and nationalism. Ayi Kwei Armah in his 1968 novel The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born sheds light on the pitfalls of nationalism. In the novel, the Ghana of great promises, the nation that fought against the Empire for its independence – a fight against inequality, indignity, and injustice – faces the same hypocrisy and corruption, prevalent during the regime of the colonizers. The author narrates the predicament of an unnamed protagonist who deals with the atmosphere of mistrust and betrayal around him. His conflicted state of mind, mistrust of social morality, and deep-rooted anger in witnessing a decadent nation on its way to becoming a materialistic wasteland, are significant issues in the novel. The appeal of what the narrator calls “the gleam” on one hand and a conscious effort to steer clear of the path of vice on the other is shown in the narrator’s stream of consciousness. This paper aims to look at the postcolonial state Ghana immersed in the degraded morality of its people. The nation and the individual both face the same hopelessness but in Armah’s novel a glimpse of hope can be found. The narrator called for a better Ghanaian society that would reject blind imitations of materialistic Europe.