bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Novel Structures Phosphorus Sorption Capacity of Surficial Sediment in Dongping Lake and Risk Assessment of Potential Phosphorus Release
Authors: Dong Jie , Xing You Hua , Gong Xiao Min
Published: June 2012

Phosphorus sorption capacity of the surficial sediments are estimated by the phosphorus sorption index (PSI) and the degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) of the sediments in the Dongping Lake, China. In addition, the risk of potential phosphorus release was also analyzed. The results showed that PSI gradually increased from the middle and the east of the lake to the north and the south, which was fan-shaped. However, the variation tendency of DPS was contray to this of PSI. PSI was very significantly and positively correlated to iron (FeOX) extracted from sediment by ammonium oxalate. DPS was significantly and positively correlated to phosphorus (POX) extracted from sediment by ammonium oxalate. Additionally, the analysis of the phosphorus release risk index (RRI) indicated that the Dongping Lake might be in high potential eutrophication risk due to the release of phosphorus from the surfacial sediments.
A New Mode and System of Decision Support in Ecological Environment Construction Applied to Southern and Northern Mountains in Lanzhou City
Authors: Yin Zhen Liang , Zou Song Bing , Lu Zhi Xiang , Xiao Hong Lang , Xu Bao Rong
Published: June 2012

Since the ecological environment of southern and northern mountains in Lanzhou city, which is vulnerable and fragile, can’t meet the demands of urban landscaping naturally, it is required to enhance construction of ecological environment artificially. In allusion to the complication of decision support made in ecological environment construction, this paper propose a decision support mode for ecological environment construction which is comprised of decision support system and expert’s knowledge. Firstly, via carrying out the decision support system, a water conservancy scheme that contains two parts for southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou city is presented as below: 1. Collecting rainwater together used for environmental protection in the area where annual average rainfall exceeds in 400 mm. 2.Irrigating supplementally in the area where annual average rainfall below 400 mm (capacity of irrigation water equals to precipitation of 200 mm). Furthermore, by employing expert’s knowledge, a planning map of ecological environment construction for southern and northern mountains in Lanzhou city is demonstrated to assist decision makers.
Analysis of Enviroment Influence of Wreck and Removal Strategy Based on Game Theory
Authors: Zhai Jiu Gang , Wen Shi Kang , Chen Hou Zhong , Yan Xin Ping
Published: June 2012

Ship wrecks in the sea has many dangerous to enviroment, especially there are fuel and oil in them. To protect sea enviroment and improve the removal of wreckage, the use of the commercialization can solve the problem, have a reality meaning for the high cost of salvaging problem. The thesis analyses the situation and problem of our wreck removal actuality, then introduce Bertrend game model of the market to illustrate competition of the removal work, which can reduce the cost of salvage , our government should actively support the development of dive salvaging and private enterprise and make them strong and better.
Environmental Benefits Analysis of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Program in Linqing, China
Authors: Xia Xun Feng , Wang Ming Xin , Yuan Lin , Xi Bei Dou
Published: June 2012

Life cycle analysis method was used to establish an inventory of a winter wheat production system that employed the Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Program in Linqing county, China, after which the net resource conservation and emission reduction benefits were calculated, evaluated and compared to the winter wheat production system in a conventional fertilization area. The results revealed a great reduction in resource consumption and emissions of the winter wheat production system in the program demonstration area. From 2006 to 2010, the life cycle reduction potentials of eutrophication, and acidification potential per ton of winter wheat accounted for 12.09-30.31% and 1.40-4.52% of the relevant environmental impact potential per capita worldwide in 2000, respectively. The Program significantly decreased the environmental burdens of the winter wheat production system, and farmer’s fertilization behavior tended to become rational.
Environmental Impact Evaluation for Thermal Power Project Based on Combinational Weight and TOPSIS Method
Authors: Niu Dong Xiao , Xu Chao Chen , Liu Jin Peng , Ma Zhen , Wu Huan Miao
Published: June 2012

In electricity production and supply system of China, thermal power continues to dominate a larger proportion. In recent years, be influenced by energy-saving emission reduction and low carbon development policy, the environmental impact issue of thermal power project aroused great attention. This study has established a comprehensive evaluation system by analyzing integrated comprehensive effects of the environment caused by thermal power project. Combining with AHP theory, entropy theory and TOPSIS evaluation ideas, the study created a set of scientific assessment model. The research has verified that the validity of the model through empirical studies. And it provided a good theoretical basis for environmental management comprehensive thermal power project.
Environmental Performance Analysis of Rice Nitrogen Management in China
Authors: Wang Ming Xin , Xia Xun Feng , Zhu Yunyun , Xi Bei Dou
Published: June 2012

Rice had the largest sown area in China, so its nitrogen intensity had a significant impact on rural environment. The Surface Nitrogen Surplus and Nitrogen Productivity were defined and estimated for China’s rice production systems using statistical data collected from 1998 to 2009 at the national and provincial scale, and the temporal and spatial change of the two indicators was analyzed to evaluate the environmental performance of rice nitrogen management. The results showed that the environmental performance of rice nitrogen management in China was improved stably in the last more than ten years. The Surface Nitrogen Surplus of the indica rice in developed southern provinces is the largest, and was slightly less in the central region. However, the Surface Nitrogen Surplus of the japonica rice was much higher in North China Plain than in other dominated rice production region. The nitrogen intensity and its environmental burdens control should focus on the early and late indica rice production systems in South China and southwestern China, the medium indica rice production systems in Eastern China, and the japonica rice production system in North China.
Study on Limonite/TiO2 Microspheres Photolysising Phenol in Source Water
Authors: Zhu Qi Hong , Xia Hong Xia
Published: June 2012

The Limonite/TiO2 combined microspheres are prepared and used to treat phenol in source water. The experimental results show that Limonite -TiO2 combined microspheres have high purifying effect on phenol in source water. When the dosage of Limonite/ TiO2 combined microspheres is 1.5g,solution pH is 4.5,reaction time is 90min,light intensity is 1600(x10 lux), the removal rate of phenol in water is the best,and reaches 87.77%.So, Limonite/TiO2 combined microspheres can be used to treat phenol in source water.
Establishment and Application of Water Quality Assessment Model for Jiaozhou Bay Basin
Authors: Liu Chao , He Hui , Tan Xiao Hui , Gao Ai Li , Xue Song
Published: June 2012

In this paper, a comprehensive water quality assessment model for the seagoing rivers of the Jiaozhou Bay basin was established based on a BP neural network. In the situation investigation, a list of main assessment indexes was selected, comprising COD, permanganate, DO, ammonia, volatile hydroxybenzene and mineral oil. Then Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water was used as the training sample and comprehensive assessment was conducted for the rivers. In Comparison with results from the conventional single-factor assessment method, this model not only responded to the comprehensive river water quality status, but also improved the speed and effectiveness of training, saving time and increasing accuracy of the assessment model through a series of design optimizations.
Studies on Strategic Environmental Assessment in China — Implementation and Effectiveness
Authors: Wang Hui Zhi , Liu Jia , Xu He , Bai Hong Tao
Published: June 2012

Based on literature review and questionnaire analysis, this article examines how strategic environmental assessment (SEA) has been carried out at different levels in China since the implement of the EIA law in 2003 by highlighting the development and inadequacies of SEA, and factors contributed to SEA effectiveness have been discussed. SEA is only relatively effective in preventing or alleviating adverse environmental impact of plans, rather than influencing decision-making process. According to analysis, this paper regards that desirable institutional, organizational changes and sectoral collaboration would help enhance SEA’s effectiveness.
The Dynamic Evaluation of Ecosystem Services Value (ESV) Based on the Analysis of the Landscape Pattern: A Case of Changshou District in Three Gorges Area
Authors: Yi Wu Ying , Su Wei Ci
Published: June 2012

Land use is the result of the interaction between the Nature and the Man; the change of land use not only affects landscape pattern changes, but also affects ESV. The paper is based on RS and GIS technology, taking Changshou district of Chongqing as an example. We select and calculate the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (SHDI), landscape fragmentation index (LTFI) and landscape dynamic index (K), to analyze the landscape pattern changes, and the theories of ESV is used in this paper. The results indicate: In 2002 and 2009, the total of patches increases. The area and the patches of forest land, brush, town and construction increase, while the area and the patches of the paddy, dry land, and the unused land reduce. SHDI and LTFI increase slightly. ESV ascends from 191million yuan to 197million yuan from 2002 to 2009, the net ascending value is 61million. The results show the ecological environment has improved a little in Changshou.
Involving the Rural Landscape Environmental Principle in Strategic Planning by Sustainable Symbiosis and Cultural Creativity Involvement
Authors: Chang Hsu Fu
Published: June 2012

In the context of globalization, urban development's core value, the connotation and the future had the huge transformation and the innovation. If the community planning advances to the international competition city, innovation in populace mobilization, inject new life concept and Change traditional industry management state is a series of urgent execution important work. And impetus community development and professional planners union for and international scene trail connection important interface also for current important development topic. Main topic namely by thorough community actual subject design, strengthens the community development and professional planners new knowledge energy such us the community space society to diagnose ability, the community develops the policy and the resources utilization, community space different specialized cooperation creativity ponder, communication skills, the operation and management of community workshops, international perspective, as well as community planning team and community partnership, continues forever the environment ecology by the specialized community manager and community resident communal development set of brand-new technologies and the life quality's new target, creation in the future turning point. And the new issues of city and countryside region activation and restoration are the key interface in line with the international arena and are the current important development topic.
Comparison and Analyses of Existing Objective, Quantificational Blocking Indices
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Shi Gong , Jin Rong Hua
Published: June 2012

There are existing objective, quantitative blocking indices that could be classified into five types: the departure method, the Tibaldi and Molteni（TM） method, the dynamical index(PV-θindex), the dynamical potential vorticity (PV) based index, and the circumfluent type method. Persistent blocking highs can be associated with destructive weather including low temperatures, snowfall, and anomalous freezing from January 1st to February 2nd 2008 in China. Using the daily reanalysis data provided by NCEP/NCAR, the merits and flaws of these five objective methods are studied individually, including the intensity、size and frequency of block. Generally speaking, each method has both advantages and clearly identifiable limitations because of the mathematical formulation for each objective blocking index. Based on the merits and flaws of these blocking indices summarized in this study, investigators and operational meteorologists could apply these blocking indices better if they can select an index compatible with their study objectives, or improve upon and innovate a new method.
Study on Data Fusion Model of Mine Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Jian Rang , Shen Qing Tao
Published: June 2012

In view of the complexity, redundancy and uncertainty of measuring data generated by mine environment monitoring systems, a structure of two level data fusion, an adaptive weighted first level fusion and a second level fusion of grey correlation analysis, is presented, thus to achieve the fusion for the monitoring data from heterogeneous data sources and the fusion for the data from heterogeneous sources. Application examples shows that the fusion model has stable performance with strong anti- interference and can be handled easily.
Wavelet Transform Technology in the Non-Stationary Signal Fault Diagnosis in Engineering Application
Authors: Lu Feng , Feng Fu Zhou
Published: June 2012

Certain mechanical equipment control system of sampling signal processing in the digital content are discussed. Based on the wavelet transformation and multiresolution wavelet decomposition mathematics theory, the application of wavelet transform on feature extraction and noise removing; Instance are given.
A Study of Spatial Interpolation of GanSu Air Temperature Based on arcGIS
Authors: Bai Bing , Chen Xue Jun , Yu Jie
Published: June 2012

We analyzed the relationship between the average annual temperature data of 80 meteorology stations in 2009 and, such as, the latitude and longitude, the height above sea level in GanSu. It is found that there was a good linear relationship (r2=0.908). The average annual temperatures data all over GanSu is analyzed by the method of multiple linear regression analysis, and use application of geostatistical analysis module of ArcGIS software, conducting the average annual temperatures of meteorology stations spatial interpolation. Comparing the both cases, it is the direct use of the calculation results of the regression equation and consider the space residual error. The verified result is: the method of interpolation Combined with the space residual error is more accurate, the correlation coefficient of interpolation calculating value and actual survey value is r2=0.972.The results show that the method of interpolation Combined with the space residual error can improve the accuracy of the temperature spatial interpolation.
The Potential Effect of CO2-Water-Rock Reaction on The Caprock Formation (Mudstone) Case Study
Authors: Li Yan , Tian Hai Long , Zhuo Zou , Sun Yuan
Published: June 2012

By using a 1D column geometrical model this paper carried out research on the effects of CO2 penetration on the caprock properties. The result show that due to CO2 ingression the formation water environment changed greatly. The pH reduced to 3.8 from initial 7.48 and then buffered to 5.6; The supercritical CO2 reached to 0.006 m in the caprock, but aqueous CO2 reached to 1.1 m. The self-sealing efficiency worked after about 25 years, and the relevant minerals were calcite, quartz, kaolinite and calcite. The research will provide some technical reference for site selection of CO2 geological storage projects and CO2 leakage assessment.
Study of Metal Contamination in Urban Dust of Chengdu by X-Ray Fluorescence
Authors: Yin Hong Ling , Yuan Hua Wei , Ye Zhi Xiang , Yang Ying Chun , Hu Lei , Wang Min , Li Xiao , Li Qian Qian , Cai Ting Ting , Zou Chang Wu
Published: June 2012

X-ray Fluorescence was used to determine the content of 25 inorganic elements in Chengdu dust in this article, and enrichment factor was used to analyze its distribution characteristics and source apportionment. The results showed that Cr was the extremely severe pollutant, with its average concentration of 64.57μg/g, the average enrichment factor coefficient of 477.79, which was more than 10 times higher than background value, suggested it was significantly contributed by the anthropogenic sources. Ca was the heavily polluted element, with its concentration of 7.71μg/g in average, and the average enrichment factor coefficient being 12.26, which was more than 10 times of the background value, showed it was also affected by the anthropogenic sources. The enrichment factor coefficient of Na, As, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn, K, Mg, Br, Cs was about 1 in average, illustrated that they were not obviously affected by the man-made pollution.
Study on Phosphorus Pollution Load of Aquaculture in Baiyangdian Lake
Authors: Bian Wei , Wang Lu Guang , Zhang Huan Zhen , Wang Jing Fei , Tian Zai Feng , Chen Xin Yong
Published: June 2012

Aquaculture can bring excess phosphorus to lakes which causing eutrophication. Figuring out the amount of phosphorus is meaningful to water pollution control. This study aims to clarify how much phosphorus is produced by aquaculture in Baiyangdian Lake each year. A phosphorus balance equation which is based on conservation of matter is established and used to calculate the input and output phosphorus carefully of an experimental field during a breeding cycle. Six parameters which are little fish, adult fish, feed, plants, sediment deposition and release are included in the equation. By the equation, the document gets a model: Q(x)＝0.033x, which shows that breeding every 1kg grass carp, there will be 0.033kg phosphorus into the water. As a result, the phosphorous pollution load of aquaculture in Baiyangdian Lake is 302.6 t/a.
Acoustic Signal Acquisition and Analysis System Based on Digital Signal Processor
Authors: Liu Yang , Tie Yong , Na Shun , Li Dong
Published: June 2012

Leak detection and calibration of pipe internal roughness in a water distribution network are significant issue for environment pollution around the world. In recent years the problem of leak detection in pipelines, tanks, and process vessels has been the focus of many man-hours of effort. Acquisition the acoustic signal around the leakage to determine the location and size of leaks is emerging as an important tool. A double acoustic data acquisition and signal processing system based on the TI digital signal processor TMS320VC5410 and analog to digital converter TLC320AD50C is presented in this paper. The system design is introduced, with emphasis on the digital signal processor minimal system and TMS320VC5410 interface circuit which consists of two chips of A/D TLC320AD50C. The software development of the data acquisition and signal analysis is introduced. The system can be used in the application of real-time acoustic signal acquisition and leak location.
Air Quality Forecast Model Based on Model Products of CMAQ in Fuzhou City, China
Authors: Chen Bin Bin , Yang Kai , Lin Chang Cheng , Lin Wen , Wang Hong , Yu Yong Jiang
Published: June 2012

Based on the forecast products of Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ), observational data of air pollutants and the conventional meteorological observation data of surface from January 2007 to June 2010 in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China, the weather systems influencing on Fuzhou City are divided into 7 weather patterns, including continental high, subtropical high, shear, warm sectors convergence, upper trough, typhoon and tropical convergence. According to the forecast method of combination of dynamic and statistic, using multiple linear stepwise regression method, the forecasting models of daily pollutant concentration under different weather systems are established. The confidence level of the equations achieves 0.000 and so the models are statistically significant. Using the models, the prediction effect of the concentration of different air pollutants in Fuzhou City from July to December, 2010 is tested by back substitution. The forecasting accuracy on contamination index level of PM10 reaches to 71.3%, and the forecasting accuracy on SO2和NO2 both reaches to 100%. The comprehensive score of air quality daily forecast in the city comes to 88.8 points on average.
Assessment of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions of Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Starch and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Trays
Authors: Suwanmanee Unchalee , Leejarkpai Thanawadee , Mungcharoen Thumrongrut
Published: June 2012

This study aims to assess greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Poy(lactic acid) (PLA) with cassava starch blend (PLA/starch) and Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) trays from cradle to grave. The various waste treatment scenarios were considered. The functional unit is specified as 10,000 units of 8 x 10 x 2.5 cm. of PLA/starch and PET trays which weigh 597.6 and 582.7.5 kilograms, respectively. The results from cradle to production gate were found that GHG emissions of PLA/starch has 51.38% lower than that of PET. This is because PET has higher weight of the trays. The resin production stage of PET tray has the highest of greenhouse GHG emissions. The results from cradle to grave show that the highest total GHG emissions are observed from PLA/starch or PET trays with 90% of landfill and 10% of incineration. The lowest GHG emissions from disposal PLA/starch and PET trays are from landfill with biogas recovery and incineration with heat recovery. This can be reduced GHG emissions by 3.11103 and 1.28103 kg CO2 equivalent.
Characterization of PM2.5- and PM10-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban and Rural Areas in Beijing during the Winter
Authors: Dong Xue Ling , Liu Da Meng , Gao Shao Peng
Published: June 2012

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were here investigated in airborne particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) samples collected in urban (including residential, commercial, industrial, and traffic zones) and rural areas in and around Beijing from December 2005 to January 2006. Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed onto fine- (PM2.5) and coarse- (PM10) grained samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The mean total PAH concentrations were 30.1 and 80.1 ng/m3 in PM2.5, and 44.1 and 99.8 ng/m3 in PM10 in urban and rural areas, respectively. PAHs were mostly adsorbed on small inhalable particles (>50%) with four to six rings, which dominated both fractions. Strong correlations between PM-associated extractable organic matter (EOM) and particulate PAHs were found, especially in PM2.5, indicating that PM-PAHs concentrations were strongly influenced by PM-associated EOM. Of the different functional areas studied, the total PAH concentrations in both fractions were highest in industrial and rural areas and lowest in traffic zones. This may have been the result of the different emission sources and more efficient energy structures that occur during the winter. Distribution profiles and diagnostic ratios revealed that coal combustion was the major source of PM2.5- and PM10- associated PAHs. Additional sources of PAHs may include vehicle emissions, natural gas combustion and wood burning. BaP-based toxic equivalence factor (BaPeq), BaP-equivalent carcinogenic power (BaPE) and a sum of five carcinogenic PAHs showed that the industrial and rural areas were the most vulnerable to PAHs.
Comparison of CO2 Net Exchange between Different Plant Communities in Typical Steppe of Inner Mongolia Plateau
Authors: Hou Jing Hui , Wang Yong Li , Wang Li Xin , Liu Hua Min , Jia Cheng Zhen
Published: June 2012

To measure the carbon exchange of two different plant communities in typical steppe, we used dynamic chamber method improved from static chamber method, and compared it with the regional eddy-covariance method. Results showed that: 1) Biomass of plant community with enclosed restoration was higher than that with free grazing; 2) After 6 years enclosed restoration, the plant community had become a CO2 sink though the region was still a CO2 source while the free grazing plant community had turned into a CO2 source in contrast with its regional CO2 sink, and 3) Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of enclosed restoration plant community was significantly higher than that of typical steppe.
Determination of Total Hardness in Drinking Water by Microscale Chemistry Experiment
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhuo Yu Guo , Gao Jia Min , Liu Yu , Kang Zhen Zhen
Published: June 2012

Total hardness is one of important index to evaluate drinking water quality. The determination method of total hardness in the drinking water using the micro titration has introduced, and also has compared the obtaining results by the microburette and by the routine analysis. The relative standard deviation is far less than 2.0%. There is no obvious difference in the results. F examination and t examination are all in the appropriate scope.
Development and Application of Continuous Atmospheric Heavy Metals Monitoring System Based on X-Ray Fluorescence
Authors: Ye Hua Jun , Liao Xin Feng , Guo Sheng Liang , Jiang Xue Jiao , Yao Lin , Chen Xia Sheng
Published: June 2012

This paper presents a continuous atmospheric heavy metals monitoring system (AMMS-100) for heavy metals analysis based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technology. The AMMS-100 is used to collect the sample automatically with filters and then measure the concentrations of heavy metals by XRF. The accuracy of AMMS-100 for heavy metals analysis has been verified by the standard method. The relative errors, such as Pb and Fe, are lower than 10%. Moreover, the AMMS-100 can be used for long-term continuous monitoring the atmospheric heavy metals under different weather condition. The AMMS-100 described herein presents a continuous system for accurate analysis of atmospheric heavy metals with long-term stability.
Estimation of Daylight Availability and Illuminance on Vertical South Facing Surfaces in Tehran
Authors: Mahdavinejad M , Matoor S , Fayaz R , Bemanian M
Published: June 2012

To effectively design daylight in buildings, daylight availability data are necessary. Although there is a great potential of daylight energy in Iran, its use is hindered by absence of measured data. In this paper the illuminance data on vertical south facing surfaces of Tehran were estimated using IESNA model. For this propose an illuminance measuring set was used for measuring vertical illuminances for standard times over 20 days at one minute intervals from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Then the measured data were compared with IESNA model calculated data. A regression model between measured and calculated data was developed which showed an acceptable linear correlation (r2=0.9535). Also mean hourly and monthly vertical illuminance was obtained from the new equation between measured and calculated data for a whole working year. To estimate daylight availability, frequency curves for vertical illuminance on south facing surfaces were created.
Independent Component Analysis of Multiple-Component Gaseous Photoacoustic Spectroscopy to Determine Feature Absorption
Authors: Wu Zhi Ying , Gai Nan Nan
Published: June 2012

A blind source separation model out of statistical information principle is applied to “decode” multi-gas photoacoustic spectroscopy from mixing signal into a couple of single independent component based on samples from a given detection experiment and A FastICA algorithm with used in the mode is introduced to separate the spectroscopy of low molecule mass by a feature extraction or to track that of higher-mass volatile molecule by a pattern recognition, such as acetone or its similar-species molecules. The research has exhibited its glamour by successfully extracting ammonia feature absorption in the real-time detection of breath ammonia in vivo.
Copper(II) Adsorptive Removal from Solutions with Sunflower Straw-Modified by Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Chen Li Ping , Duan Yi Wen , Zhang Jing Xia
Published: June 2012

Straw active carbon was manufactured from sunflower straw by phosphoric acid. The adsorption was studied by considering the effects of various parameters on the removal rate of Cu2+ such as the dosage of absorbent, adsorption time, temperature and pH. The results showed that the absorbent was efficient, the removal ratio of Cu2+ up to 98.3% with an adsorbent dosage of 16 g•L-1, a pH of 6.0, at 25°C and absorption time of 4 hours. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations can describe the adsorption equilibrium well. The negative values of the adsorption enthalpy △H and the absolute values>42 kJ•mol-1 indicate the exothermic chemical adsorption character. The negative changes in free energy (△G) indicate that the adsorption is a spontaneous process, The negative values of the adsorption entropy △S indicate the more restricted mobility of the Cu2+ on the carbon surface than in solution.
Research on the Forest Fire Survey System Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Zhu Da Xin , Wang Xiao Dong , Wu Wei Bin
Published: June 2012

To have analysis and forecast towards the tendency of the forest fire appealing accurately and rapidly. The system transmits the fire scene environmental information to form the tendency of the forest fire appealing via Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), which provides decision basis for the headquarters, and meanwhile safeguards the firemen’s life safety via the vital sign monitoring. This paper offers detailed introduction and discussion about the physical framework, logical framework and key technologies of the system.
The Comparative Study of the Evaluation Method Calculating Aircraft Emission around the Airport
Authors: Liang Da Min , Tu Xun Lai , Cao Hui Ling
Published: June 2012

The scope of civil aviation transportation ranges from ground to upper air, which the impact of emission varies at the vertical geographical altitude. The aircraft emissions near the airport have very bad effects on the low-altitude environment. The LTO emission calculating methods based on ICAO、EPA and FAA have been analyzed, then the emission results have been calculated and done the comparative study in this paper. The sameness and difference have been remarked on the EI, TIM of the calculation methods. At last the paper refers to the some concerns at the time of developing emission evaluation scheme.
Trace Elements of Precipitation in the Shigatse Region, Southern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Jun Qing , Yang Yong Jie , Di Yi’an , Yang Jun , Huang Wei Wei , Wen Tian Xue , Li Yu Wu
Published: June 2012

In order to investigate trace elements of precipitation on Tibetan Plateau, a total of 34 precipitation samples have been collected from individual precipitation events at the Shigatse Meteorological Station located in the south Tibetan Plateau in 2008. All samples were analyzed for 12 elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Ag, Ba and Pb) by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result showed that the average concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Ag, Ba and Pb were 0.22 μg L-1, 0.17 μg L-1, 2.47 μg L-1, 16.52 μg L-1, 0.07 μg L-1, 1.04 μg L-1, 2.52 μg L-1, 0.29 μg L-1, 0.09 μg L-1, 0.04 μg L-1, 31.54 μg L-1 and 0.10μg L-1, respectively. The concentrations of elements were generally comparable to other background sites, and much lower than urban areas. The enrichment factors indicated that coal combustion along with vehicle and industry emissions may be the main sources of pollution elements.
A Comparative Study about Carbon Emissions
Authors: Qin Chang Cai , Liu Shu Lin , Wang Yu Feng
Published: June 2012

This article has introduced and evaluated the various methods of study on carbon emissions, and makes a comparison on the research conclusion by using these methods. We has classified the influence factors of carbon emissions into three primary factors such as technical factor, structure factor and scale factor, respectively including six secondary factors such as carbon emission intensity and energy intensity; energy structure and industrial structure; economic scale, population size.
Grey Forecasting Model for CO2 Emissions
Authors: Bao Guo Lin , Hui Hong Qi
Published: June 2012

CO2 is the most frequently implicated in global warming among the various greenhouse gases associated with climate change. Chinese government has been taking serious measures to control energy consumption to reduce CO2 emissions. This study applies the grey forecasting model to estimate future CO2 emissions and carbon intensity in Shijiazhuang from 2010 until 2020. Forecasts of CO2 emissions in this study show that the average residual error of the GM(1, 1) is below 1.5%. The average increasing rate of CO2 emissions will be about 6.71%; and the carbon intensity will be 2.10 tons/104GDP until year 2020. If the GDP of Shijiazhuang city can be quadruple, the carbon intensity will be half to the 2005 levels until 2020. The findings of this study provide a valuable reference with which the Shijiazhuang government can formulate measures to reduce CO2 emissions by curbing the unnecessary the consumption of energy.
High Precision Pb Isotope Determination by Using 207Pb-204Pb Double Spike Revisited
Authors: Liu Xi Jun , Liao Shuai
Published: June 2012

A method for getting high quality Pb isotope ratio analysis using 207Pb-204Pb double spike method has been developed at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), which corrected the mass fractionation effects during small amount Pb loading isotopic analysis by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), with the minimum amount of 8×10-9g Pb per load. The double spike method effectively improves in both precision and accuracy without recourse to excessively rigorous loading or run conditions. Over a period of fifteen months accuracy double spike tested for Pb standard SRM981 in SIO isotope laboratory, an external precision of ±0.0038、±0.0040、±0.0122 (2σ, n=53) was obtained for 206Pb/204Pb, 207 Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb rations, although the small amount Pb loading, which present a same excellent accuracy and external precision as other laboratories reported. Therefore, this method is superior to precise and accurate isotope analyses of low level Pb concentration geological and environmental samples, and will be a highly powerful tool in the future of earth sciences and environmental sciences.
Decomposition Analyses for COD Discharges in China’s Industrial Sub-Sectors: Which is the Superior Method?
Authors: Xia Xun Feng , Lei Hong Jun , Li Chang Jia , Xi Bei Dou
Published: June 2012

Numerous index decomposition analysis approaches have been reported in the past 30 years. However, the selection of different methods appears to be arbitrary, and little consensus has been reached on which is the superior method. Between 2001 and 2009, 10 different methods have been used to identify the factors (i.e. production effect, structural effect and intensity effect) influencing on China’s industrial wastewater pollutant (Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) discharges. From the aspect of theoretical foundation, adaptability, ease of use, and ease of result interpretation, these methods are compared. Results show that: (1) LMDI 1 is a superior approach because of zero residual error in decomposition, no zero values problem in data set, simplicity in formula, and wide range in usage situations. (2) the average effect changes of industrial wastewater changes of COD discharges in China is 14.89 ×104 t with production effect, structural effect, and intensity effect were 72.97×104 t, -6.93×104 t and -80.94×104 t, respectively. (3) production effect was the major factor responsible for the rise of COD discharges, accounting for 45% of the total contribution. (4) structural effect contributed to the decrease of COD discharges with a small effect of 4% in total contribution. (5) intensity effect had an dominant decremental effect in COD discharges.
Analysis and Improvement of the Environmental Tax in China
Authors: Wang Li Cheng , Wang Min
Published: June 2012

With the continuous development of China's industrialization process and economic, ecological and environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, if we do not take effective measures to solve them, they will seriously affect the sustainable development for economic-based society. On the basis of analyzing the status and problems of China's environmental taxes, we study the environmental tax system of promoting sustainable development from the point of view that improves the environment-related taxes.
Vacuum-Enhanced Far-Infrared Thermal Desorption of Clay Soil Polluted by R-Hexachlorocyclohexane
Authors: Gao Guo Long , Jiang Jian Guo , Xiao Ye , Zhou Lian Bi
Published: June 2012

A full-field investigation was conducted of vacuum-enhanced far-infrared thermal desorption of clay soil polluted by r-Hexachlorocyclohexane (RH). It demonstrated that vacuum-enhanced far-infrared thermal desorption process is effective for remediating RH contaminated clay soil. The thermal desorption rate (CE) were improved under such conditions: thermal desorption time 20 minutes, thermal desorption temperature 200 °C, vacuum 0.05MPa and water content 15%. The mass balance of RH was verified after 20min of reaction. The residue RH was distributed in the condensate, whereas the soil and active carbon contained lower amounts of RH.
Effect of Composting, Leaching and Carbonizing on Alleviating Phytotoxicity of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Cai Hong , Wen Yi Bo , Li Ji
Published: June 2012

Sewage sludge (SS) contains deleterious constituents that strongly inhibited seed germination. Pretreatment methods of composting, leaching and carbonizing were thus evaluated to alleviate the phytotoxicity. All the pretreatments improved germination rate, root length and germination index of radish seeds. The best performances were presented by composting pretreatment and the pretreatment of carbonizing plus leaching. Composting greatly alleviated phytotoxicity of SS and improved seed germination, however, it also showed stunted root length and germination index compared with the soil control. The adverse effects of composted SS on seed germination were completely eliminated by leaching, while carbonizing had little effect on reversing the stunt. These results indicated that the most effective pretreatment method to alleviate phytotoxicity of SS were composting plus leaching.
Effect of Inorganic Anions on Reduction of Nitrobenzene in Water by Structural Ferrous Iron
Authors: Wu De Li , Wang Quan Min , Feng Yong , Ma Lu Ming
Published: June 2012

Nitrobenzene is an important contaminant existed in water and wastewater widely. Because of its toxicity to organisms, it is hardly biodegradable. A new structural Fe(II): Ferrous Hydroxy Complex (FHC) was prepared with ferrous sulfate to investigate the reduction of nitrobenzene by structural ferrous iron. This study focused on the effects of inorganic anions on the reactivity of FHC towards nitrobenzene. It was found that soluble Fe(II) could hardly reduce any nitrobenzene within 2h while FHC could reduce nitrobenzene to aniline rapidly within 0.5h. Various anions such as CO32-, PO43-, SiO32-, S2- might have significant impact on the reactivity of structural Fe(II) in nitrobenzene reduction. These anions would slow down the rate of the reaction. Among these anions, SiO32- and PO43- had a greater effect on the reduction of nitrobenzene than CO32- and S2-. Structural ferrous iron (SFI) was prepared by two ways: (i) Aqueous Fe2+ was directly added to wastewater, then adjusted the pH value of water to 8-9; (ii) FHC prepared in advance was added to wastewater, SFI(II). Results indicated that the effect of anions on reactivity of SFI(I) was greater than that of SFI(II). When the initial concentration of nitrobenzene was 60mg/L and ferrous iron dosage was 240mg/L, NO3- with the concentration of 4mM had little effect on the reduction of nitrobenzene by both forms of Fe(II); NO2- had greater effect on reactivity of SFI(I) than that of SFI(II).
Effect of Water-Retaining Agent on Growth and Development of Three Local Legumes on Lead-Zinc Tailings of Lanping
Authors: Li Biao , Ni Jing , Wang Jin Hua , Xiong Zhi , Wang Juan , Zhu Li Li , Liu Shao Xiong
Published: June 2012

Effect of water-retaining agent on growth and development of three local legumes were studied, in order to provide science basis for revegetation of lead-zinc tailings in Lanping. Testing survival numbers and moisture and proline content in plants, aim at revealing effect of water-retaining agent on plants under drought stress. The results show that water-retaining agent can prolong survival time of plants and keep stability of moisture and proline content in plants under drought stress. Survival numbers and moisture content of plants leafs decrease with prolonging drought stress time, and proline content of plants leafs increase with prolonging drought stress time. There was no significant difference of survival numbers and moisture and proline content in plants on tailings soil with 0.3% and 0.4% water-retaining agent, so 0.3% water-retaining agent was best dosage in tailings soil for revegetation of lead-zinc tailings in Lanping.
Numerical Simulation to Study the Effect of the Particle Deposition Morphology on the Filtration Efficiency of the Fibrous Media
Authors: Qian Fu Ping , Yu Xian Kun
Published: June 2012

The grid “freezing” method in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to deal with the moving boundary in this study, which can make the dynamic boundary into the fixed boundary and qualitatively describe the particle deposition morphology on the surface of the fibrous media. Meanwhile, the filtration efficiencies of the fibrous media with different deposition particle numbers and particle deposition morphologies were calculated using numerical simulation method. The results show that particle deposition on the surface of the fibrous media can help to improve the filtration performance, and in the steady-state, the effect is not obvious, but in the unsteady-stage, the particle deposition can improve the filtration efficiency greatly. In addition, the disposition morphology that has greater contact area with the oncoming particles is conductive to fibrous media capturing particles.
The Divergences of Organic Matter Released from Ozonated Biofilter Inoculated with Indigenous Bacteria
Authors: Lin Jian Li , Ho Hsiao Jung , Chen Jen Jeng , Chiu Chun Yen , Liao Shao Wei , Lai Wen Liang
Published: June 2012

In this work, the excitation-emission fluorescent matrix (EEFM) was used to compare the divergence of fluorescent organic properties of the effluents produced from the operation of the bio-stabilizing filter. Four bio-stabilizing filters were simultaneously operated in the combination of both filtered CCL and FS source waters with ozonation (O3/NPDOC=1) and two different indigenous bacteria taken from CCL and FS source water. It found that, two peak locations, 220-230/330nm, 320-330/410-420nm, existed in the effluent of the four bio-stabilizing filters, and one another peak of 280-290/340 nm was appeared in bio-stabilizing filter using FS source water as a substrate. The fluorescent organic matter, with an excitation wavelength of 220-230 nm and 280-290 nm may be attributed as protein-like, while that of 320-330/410-420nm had the possibility of humic-like. The humic-like matter was accumulated in the effluent from the bio-stabilizing filter during the operational process. Bio-stabilizing filter operated with consistent source water and indigenous bacteria could release higher humic-like fluorescent intensity than that with inconsistent source water and indigenous bacteria.
Research Progress of Phosphorus Removal in Enhanced Coagulation
Authors: Tang Chao Chun , Shao Peng Hui , Jian Mei Peng , Yu He Gen
Published: June 2012

Phosphorus is one of the prime cause of eutrophication,the research of phosphorus removal technology catches the most attention all the time.This paper is focusing on introducing the application and development of the solutions for the phosphorus removal, such as new type of coagulant, new coagulation craft and new flocculation reactor.It points out the core problems in restricting the development of the methods of enhanced coagulation in phosphorus removal ，and gives a clear direction for the research of the methods of enhanced coagulation in phosphorus removal.The enhanced coagulation technology at lower cost and less energy is worth deeply researching.
An Optimization Distribution Model of Initial Emission Permits
Authors: Zhu Yong , Zhang Yan Hua , Li Zheng
Published: June 2012

Improving the allocation efficiency of environmental capacity is an important way to realize the coordination of a country's economic growth and environmental quality level. This paper simulates the economic environment of the real society and establishes discrete dynamic programming model about the initial distribution of the emissions permits, and adopts the inverse-deducing method studying the allocation efficiency of the initial emission permits from the perspective of economic benefit of the distribution of emission permits. At last, it points out that we can realize benefit maximization if limited regional environmental capacity can be distributed with a scientific and reasonable way in industries which own different value creation.
Analysis of Combined Water Treatment in Large-Scale Power Plant
Authors: Yang Dong , Deng Gui Hua , Lou Zai Qiang , Yang Hui Hua
Published: June 2012

compared with other boiler water treatment, combined water treatment (CWT) has the great advantage on anticorrosion, anti-scale, the guarantee of unit security economy operation, so it is used widely. This paper introduced the thermodynamics theory and dynamics influence factor of CWT, and introduced in detail about the influence of the water pH value, the oxygen concentration and the conductivity. It summarized the merit of compound oxygen treatment , and pointed out the matters needing attention using CWT.
Biological and Intensive Coagulating Treatment for Waste Water from Coating White Paperboard Mill
Authors: Hu Kai Tang , Li Ming
Published: June 2012

A general three stages process to treat the integrated waste water in a laboratory scale, including anaerobic, aerobic and intensive coagulating treatment, was discussed in this paper. After being filtrated and coagulation simply, the effluent was treated with two steps of biological process combined with one step of intensive coagulation process. The result shows that the chemical impurities, including COD, BOD, colored substances and turbidity were removed efficiently,and after anaerobic biological treatment, effluent become easy to be biologically treated, and after aerobic aeration treatment, the BOD of the effluent from the clarifier was lower than 25 mg/l，and the BOD total removal ratio was as high as 90%. The result shows also that when poly aluminum silicate chloride (PASC) combing with APAM was effective to remove the colored substances more than 95%. Being treated for the three stages, the water quality of the treated effluent was higher than that discharge requirements by National Effluent Discharge Standards in China.