bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vicuñas y humanos en el pasado reciente (siglos XIX y XX) del oeste tinogasteño (Catamarca, Argentina)
Authors: Miyano Juan Pablo , Ratto Norma
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo explora la percepción sobre las vicuñas de los pobladores del oeste tinogasteño (Catamarca, Argentina) del pasado reciente (siglos XIX y XX). Para ello se analizan las manifestaciones orales tradicionales recopiladas en la Colección de Folklore que corresponden a distintas localidades de la región de estudio (La Ramadita, Medanitos y Fiambalá). Los resultados se integran y discuten con los sistemas simbólicos de la cosmovisión andina, la información proveniente de fuentes orales y escritas de otros sectores de los Andes centro-sur y la información arqueológica y zooarqueológica del oeste tinogasteño que da cuenta de la relación humano- animal entre los siglos V a. C. y XV d. C.
El Atrato y sus guardianes: imaginación ecopolítica para hilar nuevos derechos
Authors: Cagüeñas Diego , Galindo Orrego María Isabel , Rasmussen Sabina
Published: July 2020

La Sentencia T-622 del 2016 de la Corte Constitucional, que reconoce la cuenca del Atrato como entidad sujeto de derechos, supone una oportunidad inédita para la imaginación ecopolítica en el país. Este reconocimiento plantea retos, puesto que requiere un trabajo de traducción y representación para definir los derechos efectivos de la cuenca. Parte de este trabajo viene siendo desempeñado por el grupo de Guardianes del Atrato, quienes velan por el reconocimiento y la salvaguarda de unos derechos aún por concretar. En este artículo, abordamos la cuestión de los derechos del río no solo como un problema de representación jurídica, sino también como un ejercicio ecopolítico que busca anudar, de maneras novedosas, las vidas, las prácticas y los saberes que florecen a lo largo del Atrato.
Cantando el sufrimiento del río. Memoria, poética y acción política de las cantadoras del Medio Atrato chocoano
Authors: Riaño-Alcalá Pilar , Chaparro Pacheco Ricardo
Published: July 2020

Desde la comunidad de Pogue, un grupo de cantadoras lleva los alabaos a diferentes escenarios públicos, como sucede en las conmemoraciones de la masacre de Bojayá o la firma del acuerdo de paz. Al situar el afecto y el sentimiento como fuerzas creadoras del canto, la composición y la puesta en escena, las cantadoras de Pogue recrean lenguajes y modos de acción política. Con una voz colectiva construyen una narrativa sonora que expresa tanto su dolor como sus reivindicaciones. El sentimiento comunica un conocimiento emocional y encarnado de las mujeres e impulsa formas propias de producción de memoria histórica y acción política. Explorando el canto, el sentimiento y la guerra, este artículo apunta a las intersecciones entre cultura, política y resistencia que representan dichas composiciones y prácticas de cantar.
Volver para reconstruir el territorio y dignificar la vida: la experiencia del Consejo Comunitario de la Cuenca del Río Cacarica
Authors: Abadía Wisthon
Published: July 2020

Este artículo presenta las acciones que las comunidades del Consejo Comunitario de la Cuenca del Río Cacarica en el Bajo Atrato chocoano realizan para reconstruir su territorio y dignificar sus vidas, luego de haber sido víctimas de desplazamiento forzado en 1997. A través de procesos organizativos, de retorno y reconstrucción, las comunidades elaboran nuevas territorialidades, resignifican y rehacen sus vidas. Estas acciones emergen de la puesta en marcha de saberes externos y propios sobre la identidad y los derechos de estas comunidades, que les permiten resistir al modelo de “desarrollo” y las acciones bélicas que ocasionaron su desplazamiento.
Homenagem a Arthur Efland (1929-2020)
Authors: Barbosa Ana Mae
Published: July 2020

Homenagem
Criterion and Construct Validity and Reliability of the Pediatric IV Difficulty Score
Authors: Hartman Jane H. , Bena James F. , Morrison Shannon L. , Albert Nancy M.
Published: July 2020

Highlights

Background: In pediatric patients, intravenous placement success may be related to predetermined vascular access difficulty. The study purpose was to examine validity and reliability of the 6-item Pediatric Intravenous Difficulty Score.

Methods: We determined if a tool that assesses pediatric intravenous difficulty was associated with clinical outcomes of peripheral attempts (criterion validity), hypotheses regarding patients’ age, race, and medical diagnosis (construct validity), and reliability of difficulty levels.

Results: In 596 episodes of peripheral intravenous attempts, first-attempt success, overall success, and number of staff attempting access were associated with level of intravenous access difficulty by tool score. The tool met hypothesized construct validity criteria, and in multivariable modeling, the tool was reliable based on difficulty levels of 2 user groups.

Conclusions: The 6-item Pediatric Intravenous Difficulty Score has criterion and construct validity and is reliable over time among clinicians with different levels of expertise in peripheral vascular access.
PERSEPSI PEGAWAI TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN PENGAWASAN MELEKAT OLEH ATASAN LANGSUNG DI KANTOR UNIT PELAYANAN TEKNIS DINAS PELAYANAN PENDAPATAN PROVINSI DI PADANG
Authors: UTAMI VANIA FEBRI
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to describe the perceptions of employees on the implementions of the inherent supervisions by immediate supervisor in the office Unit Pelayanan Teknis Dinas Pelayanan Pendapatan Provinsi Sumatera Barat. A total population of 46 people. The research instrument used in the form of a questionnaire using a Likert scale. The data processed by using the formula of the average (mean). Based on research result obtained revealed that the implementation of the inherent supervision by immediate supervisor in the office Unit Pelayanan Teknis Dinas Pelayanan Pendapatan Provinsi Sumatera Barat already performing well enough with an average score of 3,4 on category quite well
PERSEPSI GURU TERHADAP PENERAPAN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN (SMK) NEGERI 3 PADANG
Authors: Agustiandra Vindi , Sabandi Ahmad
Published: July 2020

This study aims to obtain information about Teacher's Perception of the Application of Academic Management Information Systems at Vocational High School (SMK) 3 Padang which is viewed from aspects: input, process, and output. This type of research is descriptive research. The population of this study were all teachers at SMK 3 Padang, amounting to 86 people. The instrument used to collect data is a questionnaire in the form of a Likert Scale with five alternative answers. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using the mean formula. The results showed that: (1) Input Activities in the Application of Academic Management Information Systems at SMK 3 Padang were in the good category with an average score of 4.09. (2) Process Activities in the Application of Academic Management Information Systems at SMK 3 Padang are in the good category with an average score of 4.11. 3) Output Activities in the Application of Academic Management Information Systems at SMK 3 Padang are in the good category with an average score of 4.07. Overall, the Application of Academic Management Information System at SMK 3 Padang is in a good category with an average score of 4.09.
PEMANFAATAN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN DI LEMBAGA CABANG DAN RANTING (LPCR) ORGANISASI “M”
Authors: Utama Hendri Budi
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to provide information about the use of information systems in an organization. The development of science and information technology has indirectly changed the point of view and lifestyle of the people in carrying out their activities, one of which is the organization. Moreover, these organizations are large organizations such as M organizations, which have developed and have representation in all regions in Indonesia. Improving the performance of organizations in the future requires an information system and information technology. management information system is an information system designed to provide complete data as a basis for decision making in managerial activities. The use of management information systems in organization M has been applied well and maximally. The use of management information systems in M organizations has embodied a culture of collaboration within the organization. The management information system in organization M has become the foundation for leadership in taking policies / decisions.
PERAN KEPADA SEKOLAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS ABSENSI ONLINE
Authors: Basyaruddin Nurzula Yenti
Published: July 2020

Attendance is one form of supervision or control of educators and employees carried out in the world of education. Attendance activities that have been running so far are still using a manual system, by recording the presence of education personnel and employees in the book or attendance paper. As a result, the possibility of errors or obstacles in making the recapitulation of attendance becomes large. Errors or obstacles that often arise include loss of paper or attendance list. One way to reduce the errors that occur is to create a system that can be used anywhere, using a database that will store attendance data so that the possibility of scattered data will be small
KESULITAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN KURIKULUM 2013 PADA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KECAMATAN KOTO TANGAH KOTA PADANG
Authors: Mariani Gina , Ramli Elizar
Published: July 2020

This article discusses the difficulties of the principal in managing the 2013 curriculum in elementary schools in Koto Tangah sub-district, Padang City in terms of: 1) curriculum planning, 2) curriculum implementation, 3) curriculum evaluation. The type of this research is descriptive research. The population of this study is the principal who is in Koto Tangah District Elementary School, Padang City, as many as 66 people. The number of samples is 25 people taken from the population using the Simple Random Sampling technique. Data collection tool is a questionnaire with a Likert Scale model that has been tested for validity and reliability. Data processing is done using the average formula (Mean). The results showed that the Principal Difficulties in the 2013 Curriculum Management at Elementary Schools in Koto Tangah Sub-District, Padang City on indicators: 1) 2013 curriculum planning gained an average score of 2.2 in the category of experiencing less difficulties, 2) the implementation of the 2013 curriculum gained scores 2.4 on average were in the category of having less difficulty, 3) the 2013 curriculum evaluation gained an average score of 2.7 in the category of having enough difficulties.
EVALUASI KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL PUSTAKAWAN DI UPT PERPUSTAKAAN UNILAK
Authors: Sari Pardila Ika , H Rosman , Sudiar Nining
Published: July 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevalusi keterampilan sosial pustakawan di UPT Perpustakaan Unilak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan pengambilan sampling incidental yang diambil dari 2501 populasi dan 96 sampel orang, dan 4 orang pustakawan. Terdiri dari mahasiswa dan pustakawan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, angket, wawancara, studi pustaka, studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa Keterampilan Sosial Pustakawan di UPT Perpustakaan Unilak sudah memiliki keterampilan sosial yang cukup baik. Dapat dilihat dari jumlah responden (73,96%) mengatakan Kemampuan Berkomunikasi secara positif dan aktif sudah baik. Responden (59,17%) mengatakan kemampuan seorang pustakawan dalam memahami kebutuhan pemustaka sudah ada. Dan pustakawan di UPT Perpustakaan Unilak sudah bisa bekerjasama dengan tim kerja, bekerjasama dengan penulis/penerbit, pustakawan bisa mencari link untuk bekerjasama dengan perpustakaan lainnya. Jumlah responden (66,84%) mengatakan bahwa pustakawan sudah memiliki pengetahuan, pemahaman mengenai keanekaragaman budaya.
Porównanie wsparcia dla Polski od Unii Europejskiej w ramach finansowania 2007–2013 i 2014–2020
Authors: Gers Olga
Published: July 2020

Motywacja: W literaturze przedmiotu można odnaleźć wiele informacji o dofinansowaniu, jakie Polska uzyskuje od Unii Europejskiej (UE). Brakuje jednak wskazania różnic między perspektywą finansową a budżetem oraz porównania wsparcia dla Polski w ramach różnych perspektyw finansowych. Tę lukę występującą w literaturze przedmiotu próbuje się wypełnić w ramach niniejszego artykułu.
Cel: Celem artykułu jest wskazanie różnic między perspektywą finansową a budżetem oraz sprawdzenie czy wsparcie finansowe dla Polski od UE zwiększa się, porównując kolejne perspektywy finansowe.
Materiały i metody: W artykule wykorzystano literaturę przedmiotu, informacje statystyki publicznej oraz narzędzia analizy porównawczej.
Wyniki: Niektóre programy krajowe przeformowały się w perspektywie 2014–2020, lecz nie uległy zmianie ich priorytety. Poziom wsparcia unijnego dla Polski oraz poszczególnych województw tego państwa zwiększył się w kolejnej perspektywie, jednak nie jest to jednoznaczne z automatycznym wzrostem wsparcia w każdym okresie finansowania.
Ekonomiczne i finansowe przyczyny szarej strefy w Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Pukin Paulina
Published: July 2020

Motywacja: Szara strefa jest problemem o zasięgu globalnym ze względu na powiązania gospodarcze oraz migracje ludności. Nieoficjalna gospodarka występuje w każdym państwie. Jej poziom oraz charakterystyka są uwarunkowane przez czynniki społeczno-kulturowe, ekonomiczne oraz polityczno-prawne.
Cel: Celem artykułu jest wskazanie przyczyn powstania i opis rozwoju zjawiska szarej strefy w państwach Unii Europejskiej (UE).
Materiały i metody: Wykorzystano krytyczną analizę literatury przedmiotu, zarówno polskojęzycznej, jak i zagranicznej oraz analizę statystyczną. Materiał empiryczny stanowią dane Banku Światowego, Międzynarodowego Funduszu Walutowego, Fundacji Heritage oraz organizacji Transparency International.
Wyniki: W 2016 roku odnotowano silną zależność między poziomem szarej strefy a Indeksem Wolności Fiskalnej, Indeksem Percepcji Korupcji oraz PKB per capita. Zdecydowanie słabsza zależności wystąpiła między skalą nieoficjalnej gospodarki a stopą bezrobocia. Jednak nie można uznać, że nie jest to czynnik wpływający na podjęcie decyzji o uczestnictwie w szarej strefie.
Zjawisko drenażu mózgów w Polsce
Authors: Sienkiewicz Żaneta
Published: July 2020

Motywacja: Swobodny przepływ pracowników, szczególnie w wieku produkcyjnym, przejawia się migracją związaną głównie oddziaływaniem na przebieg karier zawodowych. Opuszczanie danego terenu przez wysoko wykwalifikowaną kadrę nazywany jest drenażem mózgów. Obserwowany w Polsce, osłabia gospodarkę oraz budzi coraz większy niepokój ze względu na fakt odpływu młodych, wykwalifikowanych osób.
Cel: Celem artykułu jest zdefiniowanie skali zjawiska drenażu mózgów z uwzględnieniem jego przyczyn na podstawie wybranych definicji.
Materiały i metody: Wykorzystano krytyczną analizę źródeł wtórnych, a także literatury podmiotu. Materiał empiryczny stanowią dane Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego oraz Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej.
Wyniki: Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy można uznać, że problem drenażu mózgów jest ciągle aktualny w gospodarce, a z czasem może narastać. Jego intensywność obserwowana jest głównie na wschodzie i południu Unii Europejskiej (UE), gdzie państwa odznaczają się najmniejszą zdolnością do zatrzymywania talentów. W Polsce odnotowano największą mobilność wykwalifikowanej kadry na terenie UE.
REALIZATION OF ADAPTIVE REGULATORS IN DISTRIBUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: Zaytsev Sergej Vladilenovich
Published: July 2020

The article considers the problems of synthesis of different distributed controllers and methods for implementing the adaptation the system of these controllers. Each type of distributed controllers has its own parameters in the transfer functions. The parameters of the controller can be obtained after studying and identification of the distributed control object. In the transfer functions there are two parameters that can be changed in order to achieve the high-quality transient processes in the control system. These parameters are: weight coefficient of the distributed link ni and the proportionality coefficient of the distributed link Ei. The parameters of the distributed link G and s depend on the object structure and on the time (or the selected sampling interval of the digital controller), respectively. According to the results of the synthesis of parameters of distributed controllers, there have been proposed the methods for implementing adaptive setup of different controllers. Currently, the following controllers are available: distributed high-precision controller, space-amplifying controller, space-differentiating amplifier controller, spatially-isodromic controller for distributed control systems. There has been considered implementing a distributed controller and shown in which part it is necessary to be adapted. The controller type is selected according to the tasks to be solved by the distributed object control system. Depending on the controller type, in the implementation of controller blocks, there can be used the standard integration and differentiation blocks available in different programming languages for programmable logic controllers. The example given in the article was developed using the CoDeSys software package supplied with OVEN programmable logic controller.
Düzce İli Bal Kabağı Alanlarında Zararlı ve Yararlı Türlerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KOCA A. Sami , KÜTÜK Halil
Published: July 2020

Bal kabağı bitkisi (Cucurbita moschata Duch.), Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan Düzce ilinde, yetiştiriciliği en fazla yapılan ve ekonomik anlamda önemli sebzelerin başında gelmektedir. Düzce ilinde bal kabağında zararlı ve yararlı türleri belirlemek amacıyla 2016-2017 yıllarında sörvey çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada gözle kontrol, atrap ve ağız aspiratörü yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda iki takıma bağlı yedi familyadan 10 zararlı tür ve dört takıma bağlı altı familyadan 13 faydalı tür tespit edilmiştir. Zararlı türlerden Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Lygus pratensis L. ve Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Hemiptera: Miridae) bal kabağı alanlarında yaygın ve sık rastlanılan türler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Doğal düşmanlardan ise en yaygın türler olarak Sphaeropharia scripta L. (Diptera: Syrphidae), Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) ve Dicyphus errans Wolff (Hemiptera: Miridae) belirlenmiştir.
Tarlada Sanayi Domatesi Yetiştiriciliğinin Çevresel Etkilerinin Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirme Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi
Authors: KILIÇ İlker
Published: July 2020

Ülkemizde domates üretimi her bölgede yapılabilirken, ticari anlamda sanayi tipi domates yetiştiriciliği Marmara ve Ege bölgelerinde yoğunlaşmaktadır. Domates üretimi geleneksel yetiştiricilikte sera ve tarla olmak üzere iki farklı şekilde yapılmaktadır. Gelişen teknoloji ile yeni yetiştiricilik şekli olan topraksız tarımda hidroponik domates yetiştiriciliği de üretim şekilleri arasına eklenmiştir. Üretim sistemlerinin farklılaşması ile üretim sistemlerinin girdilerinin farklılaşmasına ve dolayısıyla da çevresel etkilerinin farklılaşmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında ülkemizde, sürdürülebilir domates üretimi ve domates sanayi için, tarla domatesi üretiminin çevresel etkilerinin yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi yöntemi kullanılarak ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada Bursa bölgesinde tarlada sanayi domatesi üreten bir işletme ele alınmıştır. İşletme ile yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda yaşam döngüsü analizinde kullanılacak olan su tüketimi, üretimin tüm aşamalarındaki enerji tüketimi, kullanılan organik ve kimyasal gübre miktarı, araç kullanımı, araçların yakıt tüketimleri vb. bilgiler toplanmıştır. Girdiler kullanılarak yapılan üretim sonucunda ortaya çıkan son ürünler, domates, emisyonlar, atıklar ve kimyasal gübreden kaynaklanan kimyasallar olarak alınmıştır. Çalışmada üretimin neden olabileceği olası çevresel etki kategorileri seçilerek analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada küresel ısınma, asidifikasyon, ötrofikasyon, ozon incelmesi, iklim değişimi, ekosistem-arazi kullanımı, ekosistem-toplam, insan zehirlenmesi ve doğal kaynak tüketimi etki kategorileri seçilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda seçilen etki kategorilerinden ötrofikasyon, alan kullanımı ve toplam ekosistem etkisi kategorilerinde diğerlerine oranla yüksek etki değerleri elde edilmiştir. Tarlada domates yetiştiriciliğinde uygulanan kimyasal ve organik gübre miktarlarının yüksek olması çevresel etkileri ötrofikasyona kaydırmaktadır. Sonuç olarak yetiştiricilerin arazilerine uygulayacakları kimyasal ve organik gübre miktarlarına son derece dikkat etmeleri ve toprağın ve bitkinin gereksinimini ile uygulama döneminde meteorolojik şartları da gözeterek uygun miktarları arazilerine uygulamalıdır.
Estimation of Wear Depth as an Approach to Predict Tool Service Life in Cold Forming Process
Authors: Mahdi Abd Akram
Published: July 2020

Wear phenomenon is considered as a predominant parameter in the forming processes causing the shorten tool life which in turn increases the production costs. In this study, wear depth of tool components for multi-stages of metal shell of spark plug (MSSP) manufacturing was analyzed using Archard's model with FE simulation software. The 3D geometry models were built using SolidWorks software then the models files were exported to Simufact forming software to do the settings of preprocess and FE analysis. The cylinder compression test and ring compression test were executed to get the flow stress and frictional factor respectively. Product parts dimensions, forging loads, effective stress, relative sliding velocity and contact pressure were solved and discussed. Subsequently to verify the analysis acceptance, the actual product parts measurements which obtained by coordinate measuring machine (CMM), were compared with the simulation results. It was found that the deviations of actual MSSP geometry dimensions less than (4%). Also verification is performed to forging loads at each stage which gives a good agreement between actual and FE simulation results. Finally, the wear depth of tool components were calculated for each stage using the FE software. Based on the results of wear depth from simulation and tolerance rages of actual product parts, tool service lives were predicted to find the productivities for each tool component. The results of FE simulation were compared with the CMM measurements for known productivities tool components from actual production line, which gives a good accuracy and acceptable agreement
Germany-Iran Relations in Political-Military Sphere: The Impossible Unlocking of Potential?
Authors: Мirzekhanov V. S. , Trunov Ph. O.
Published: July 2020

The article explores the current relations between Germany and Iran in politicalmilitary sphere. Both countries belong to the category of emerging powers (the Germany is perhaps the single emerging power among Euro-Atlantic states). Outlining the contours of bilateral relations, the authors underline the presence of imperial historical code in each country, the growing internal political problems (dwindling authority of the ruling elites) and mutual interest in deepening trade-industrial partnership with Germany becoming a technological modernizer of Iranian economy.

The authors show that Iranian factor has a growing impact over German policy in the Near East and the Middle East, especially in Lebanese, Syrian, Iraqi and Yemeni armed conflicts. In the first three cases Germany tries to limit the scale, the character (non-combatant capabilities), geographic area (not in deep regions) of the Bundeswehr usage. One of the key reasons of it is that Germany avoids being drawn into action against the Iranian troops or its junior allies («Hezbollah» in Lebanon, Shia combatants in Southern Iraq). Germany also recognizes that ignoring Iranian interests in each of these cases will make it difficult to maintain its political-military presence in the region. Because of the Yemen conflict with active participation of Saudi Arabia Germany has imposed arms embargo for the Kingdom.

Germany attempted to keep the Iranian nuclear deal after Trump`s administration withdrawal from the agreement. The authors try to estimate the probable position of Germany towards possible military-political crisis in the region involving Iran and especially towards a potential US war against Iran.

What result will Germany strive for in the Iranian direction? According to the authors, this is a significantly expanded formula of 2015. In addition to maintaining the JCPOA and mutually beneficial growth in trade and economic cooperation, this formula includes:

– minimizing the threat of a military conflict against Iran (which has become especially important after the assassination of General Qasem Soleimani on January 3, 2020);

– in exchange for this clear limitation of Iran’s influence in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Yemen.
“The World Economy of Coronavirus”: Search for Optimal Ways to Overcome the Consequences of the Crisis
Authors: Smirnov E. N.
Published: July 2020

The current pandemic of COVID-19 has already become a test of strength for world economy and institutions of global economic regulation. The main goal of the article is to review existing research on the economy of pandemics focusing on COVID-19, and to develop a conceptual framework for further assessment of negative impact of COVID-19 on the economies of the world and ways to minimize this impact on economic development. The author’s methodological approach goes beyond the traditional interpretation of the pandemic economy; we use the term “coronavirus global economy” to show the unprecedented and comprehensive impact of a pandemic on the development of the world economy, the movement of factors of production, economic integration and economic growth. Under these conditions, many theories of economic development, the mechanisms of trade and investment policies need to be seriously reevaluated. The review shows that the increasing negative impact of COVID-19 on the global economy lies in the fact that it has not managed to recover from the global crisis of 2008 and was in a "pre-recession" state; the preparedness of countries to counter the pandemic was extremely low, and the institutions of international cooperation were paralyzed failing to develop measures to effectively protect against the current consequences of COVID-19. The review of the literature demonstrates the uniqueness of the current pandemic in terms of negative effects on both the supply and demand side of the global financial system, which is especially aggravated by the high debt burden of many countries. Globalization is considered to be the main determinant of the high spread of the coronavirus pandemic in both the medical and economic contexts, but at the same time, states remain fragmented and protectionist in terms of combating the pandemic.
Russian-Greek Political and Ecclesiastical Relations in 20-30s of the 19th Century
Authors: Kudryavtseva E. P.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the Russian-Greek ecclesiastical and political relations before and during the Eastern Crisis of the 1820s. After the start of the Greek uprising in 1821, Russia took an ambivalent position: as a patron of all orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire, it sought to support the Greeks, but Russia also had to recognize the Greek revolution as an illegitimate rebellion. As a member of the Holy Alliance of European Powers Russia had no other choice but to adhere to the principles of legitimism. Russia had both political and economic interests in the region. After the Greek uprising, main powers in the Western Europe had no doubt that Russia would support the rebels. Nevertheless, Russia regarded the Greek rebellion as another European revolution. After a successful war of independence, Russia established its diplomatic mission in the Greek capital. The first ambassador was P.I. Rickman, who arrived with aim to provide political relations with this new Balkan state. If political support of the rebellion could find no understanding in the conservative European circles, the aid of the Orthodox Balkan Church was implied by the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 1774. Special attention in this support, provided by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church to the Greek monasteries, was paid to the Athos monasteries. This support was designed by a special document. It was adopted in 1735 under the Empress Anna Ivanovna and was subject to execution in subsequent years. The Archive of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has kept lists of all Orthodox monasteries on the territory of the Ottoman Empire that enjoyed material support from the Russian church; a significant part of this list are the Orthodox churches of Greece.
«Geopolitical Challenge» to the Global Urban Research Boom
Authors: Sluka N. A.
Published: July 2020

Book review: Okunev I.Y. Capitals in the Mirror of Critical Geopolitics. Monograph. 2-e Izd., revised and enlarged. M.: Izdatel'stvo "Aspekt Press", 2020. 272 p.
War and negotiations. How Vietnam defeated the American Colossus
Authors: Vasiliev A. M.
Published: July 2020

Over the course of the prolonged US war in Vietnam, the bloodiest one after World War II, it became obvious that there was no alternative to a negotiation process. Important reasons were the impossibility for Washington to win the battlefield and the rise of anti-war sentiment in the United States. The author tried to show how certain psychological characteristics of US leaders led to the war and then eventually to negotiations. When started negotiations were accompanied by military action. The course of the war and negotiations was influenced by Soviet military assistance to the DRV, as well as by relations in the triangle of the USSR - USA - China. The time of detente between the USSR and the USA coincided with war in Vietnam, which influenced the behavior of the Soviet leaders, as evidenced by the recollections of the USSR ambassador to the United States A. Dobrynin.

The Politburo of the Central Committee had disagreements regarding Vietnam and detente with the United States. But the war weakened US international stance and contributed to the achievement of strategic agreements with the USSR.

The main objectives of the DRV in the negotiations were to stop US bombings and then withdrawal of US troops. The United States sought to maintain the Saigon puppet regime for some time after the withdrawal of its troops from South Vietnam. Washington’s main goal was to “save its face”, declaring defeat a “victory”. To achieve this goal the war and negotiations dragged on for years, and on the eve of the signing of the agreements, the most fierce bombing of the DRV was carried out.

Thanks to the powerful air defense created with the help of the USSR, the DRV won the “air Dien Bien Fu”.

The United States was forced to sign a peace agreement, which provided for the complete cessation of all US military operations in Vietnam, the withdrawal of all American troops, but left the North Vietnamese forces in South Vietnam together with the armed forces of the National Liberation Front along with the decaying and doomed to death Saigon regime. In 1975 its army was defeated the regime capitulated, which ensured the subsequent reunification of South and North Vietnam.

The Vietnamese people defeated the American colossus, having suffered terrible sacrifices themselves, but achieved the national goal - the withdrawal of the Americans and the unification of the country. The full support of Vietnam can be seen as a successes story of Soviet foreign policy.
Russian-Japanese Relations: Long-Term Development Factors
Authors: Streltsov D. V.
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes long-term external and internal factors determining the course of development of Russian-Japanese relations in 2019-2020. On the one hand, the anti-Russian component in Tokyo's foreign policy is shaped by its membership in the Security Treaty with the United States and its solidarity with the sanctions policy of the Group of Seven towards Russia. On the other hand, Japan and Russia are both interested interest in political cooperation in creating multilateral dialog mechanisms of international security in East Asia, resolving the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula, and easing tensions around territorial disputes in the East China and South China seas. Among the economic factors, the author focuses on the significant place of Russia in the context of Japan's task of diversifying sources of external energy supplies, as well as on Russia's desire to avoid unilateral dependence on the Chinese market while reorienting the system of foreign economic relations from the West to the East. Personal diplomacy of political leaders plays a significant role in relations between Russia and Japan, and, above all, close personal relationships and frequent meetings between Prime Minister Abe and President Putin, which make it possible to partially compensate the unfavorable image of the partner country in the public opinion of both Russia and Japan. Against the background of a deadlock in the Peace Treaty talks which emerged in 2019, the search for a way out of the diplomatic impasse is on the agenda. In the author's opinion, it would be appropriate at the first stage to proceed to the conclusion of a basic agreement on the basis bilateral relations, which would be "untied" from the Peace Treaty. In addition, Russia could stop criticizing Japan for its security policy and show greater understanding of the Japanese initiative in the field of quality infrastructure. In turn, Japan could take a number of strategic decisions on cooperation with Russia and announce them in the Prime Minister's keynote speech. In addition, Tokyo could stop positioning the issue of the peace Treaty as the main issue in relations with Russia, which would allow our countries to "untie" bilateral relations from the problem of border demarcation and focus on their positive agenda.
Revisiting the determination of income from concessional lending in agriculture
Authors: Knyazeva O.P. , Akmarov P.B.
Published: July 2020

Subject. This article describes the main mechanisms of preferential lending to producers in agriculture and analyzes their effectiveness and problems of implementing State support for agricultural production in contemporary Russia.
Objectives. The article aims to show the importance of preferential lending in the development of agricultural production and propose methods of assessing the income received by agricultural organizations from State support.
Methods. For the study, we used the methods of statistical analysis, grouping, systematization, classification, and generalization of scientific literature on the topic of research.
Results. The article proposes an expert method of estimation of the time value of investment money in the main areas of capital investment in agriculture, based on the changes in agricultural production, and new approaches to assessing the profitability of government loans, based on reporting according to the Russian and international standards.
Conclusions and Relevance. The mechanism of State support needs to be improved. There is a need to break out income from preferential lending to agricultural production using the approaches described. The proposed recommendations could be used to adjust the mechanisms of government regulation of agriculture.
In Memoriam of Yaroslav Sokolov
Authors: Ivashkevich V.B.
Published: July 2020

Subject. The article discusses the totality of theoretical, methodological and practical issues of accounting data generation and use as viewed in proceedings by Ya.V. Sokolov. I also contemplate on his contribution to the theory of accounting over time and at present, raising the significance of accountancy in the accounting community.
Objectives. The study sorts key aspects and results of Sokolov's proceedings, as a renowned personality in the Russian and international practices of accounting. I find and analyze conceptual approaches to implementing Sokolov's ideas and recommendations, trying to fit them into the digital economy. In this article, we owe a deep appreciation and respect to Ya.V. Sokolov and his contribution to the evolution of accountancy in Russia.
Methods. The article refers to the main publications of Ya.V. Sokolov in the Russian and foreign editions. I also cite recollections, articles and essays on him, personal impression he left during multiple meetings in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Krasnodar, Kiyv, Zhytomyr, Paris and Sevilla.
Results. People usually understand the significance of something or someone when they are no longer here. This idea has never been so true as it has been for the recent decade without Ya.V. Sokolov by our side. Ya.V. Sokolov was a wonderful person who was so important for the Russian science and practice of accounting. He was an excellent teacher, intellectually gifted person and a genuine native of St. Petersburg. What makes his work so valuable is that he preserved and unfolded traditions and culture of accounting in Russia, raised the respect to the profession, scholars and renowned accountants of the past and present time. Sokolov's proceedings were the first to reveal the undeniable relationship of accounting and philosophy, macro- and microeconomics, theory of systems, law, sociology and psychology. He was a trailblazer who treated the management accounting as a mandatory constituent of business management.
Conclusions and Relevance. I share the opinion of many professionals saying that Yaroslav Sokolov is the most prominent accountant that worked in Russia at the end of 20th through the beginning of the 21st centuries. The theory and practice of accounting would not have been what they are now in Russia, if not him. The article may prove useful to those who are interested in the history of accounting in Russia, current issues and strategies for the improvement.
The transformation of the decision-making process on the part of economic agents influenced by social constraints
Authors: Grechko M.V. , Kobina L.A. , Goncharenko S.A.
Published: July 2020

Subject. The article focuses on the decision-making mechanism used by economic agents given the existing social constraints.
Objectives. We devise applied toolkit to study how socio-economic constraints transform the decision-making mechanism used by economic agents.
Methods. The study involves means of the expert survey, the method that streamlines economic knowledge.
Results. Social constraints are illustrated to influence the decision-making mechanism used by economic agents, assuming that the individual mind relies on specific mechanisms to make judgments and decisions. Generally, the mechanisms are very useful, however they may generate serious errors during the decision-making process. Given the social constraints, economic agents were found to follow four mental models to make their decisions in case of the full or partial uncertainty, i.e. the representative relevance, accessibility, relations, heuristics (modeling).
Conclusions and Relevance. The scientific ideas herein show that the inner architecture of a choice an individual makes determines his or her decisions. The decisions often depend on the contextual environment that gives external signals perceived by the individual while evaluating alternative ways. The findings can possibly be used as a mechanism to manage the consumer choice.
Investment in the integration of information technologies in power systems: Distinctions in evaluating
Authors: Loktionov V.I. , Loktionova E.A.
Published: July 2020

Subject. The sustainability and performance of power companies demonstrate an increasing dependence on information technologies integrated in power systems, since they help solve short-term business tasks and achieve long-standing strategic goals.
Objectives. The study aims to unfold the investment decision-making methodology for implementing information technologies in power systems.
Methods. Research is based on a systems approach to analyzing relevant methods and tools for investment feasibility study.
Results. We point out the main distinctions of IT in power engineering as a target of investment. The article describes an algorithm for analyzing investment and the conceptual model for evaluating whether it is lucrative to invest in the integration of IT in power engineering. We discovered how relevant methods for analyzing investment in IT integration for power engineering correlate with contextual details of the investment project.
Conclusions and Relevance. The methodology for evaluating the lucrativeness of investment in IT integration for power engineering should be developed so as to justify evaluation methods and tools in line with properties of IT to be integrated, properties of the power system, forecasting horizon, organizational capabilities of power engineering companies and pursuits of the investor.
Reproduction potential-based differentiation of Russian regions
Authors: Moroshkina M.V.
Published: July 2020

Subject. This article examines the issues related to changes in reproduction capacity and heterogeneity of the development of Russian regions.
Objectives. The article aims to assess regional differentiation and investigate the main factors influencing the uneven development of the areas.
Methods. For the study, we used the methods of comparative and correlation analyses.
Results. The article identifies groups of leading and lagging Russian regions and assesses the possibility of convergence of Russian regions according to the analyzed indicators, such as GRP, GRP per capita, and the output of industry.
Conclusions. The results obtained can be used when preparing strategic policy documents, spatial development programmes and concepts. The observed heterogeneity suggests that the regions maintain their positions throughout the research period.
Identifiable regression models of the relationship between agricultural development indicators of the regions
Authors: Ismikhаnov Z.N.
Published: July 2020

Subject. This article evaluates the quantitative relationships between agricultural development indicators based on identifiable econometric models.
Objectives. The article aims to build identifiable structural econometric models of the relationships of key indicators of agricultural development in Russian regions in present-day conditions.
Methods. For the study, I used econometric modeling and mathematical statistics techniques, and computer application programs.
Results. The article substantiates the relevance of quantifying the relationship between key agricultural development indicators in Russian regions on the basis of identifiable econometric models, identifies major quantitative dependences, and presents statistically significant identifiable structural models of the relationship of agricultural development indicators.
Conclusions. In today's environment, the possibilities for objective quantification of the relationship between agricultural development indicators are associated with the use of formalized quantitative methods. The statistical properties of identifiable structural models get improved as the number of observations increases. The best statistical properties are those obtained for the regions of the Southern Federal District.
Evaluation of Anti-microbial activity of methanolic extract of Costus igneus plant against multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms
Authors: Rajani Chowdary Akkina  , Payala Vijayalakshmi  , Raaththika R
Published: July 2020

Costus igneus plants are highly active against the majority of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms. The purpose of the current study was intended to evaluate the anti-microbial potential of methanolic extract of Costus igneus over multidrug-resistant bacteria, specifically to methicillin, vancomycin, carbapenems, colistin. The study also focused on the antifungal activity of the plant extract against Candida species. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to identify the presence of the active chemicals such as steroids, alkaloid, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, saponin, tannin, glycosides, quinones, coumarins and phenolic compounds using standard protocols. Anti-microbial activity of C. igneus was assessed through agar well diffusion technique and Minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC) by using multidrug-resistant Gram-positive microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative microorganisms (E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter species) and also Candida albicans. At 120mg/ml C.igneus plant extract concentration, maximum zone of inhibition was obtained with all the nine tested microorganisms and however the zone of inhibition was slighter with regular standard potential antibiotics like colistin, imipenem etc. Anti-microbials of plant origin possesses tremendous therapeutic potential as they can accomplish the requirements with fewer sideeffects that are routinely associated with synthetic anti-microbials. In this investigation, it was established that C. igneus leaf extract possesses excellent anti-microbial activity which can be attributed to the occurrence of phytochemicals. Further discovery of plant-derived anti-microbials should be continued to trim down the usage of powerful drugs which pose bad side effects.
Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Thenmozhi P  , Simeon I
Published: July 2020

Quality of life is a significant part of patient care among cancer patients. Toxicities and adverse impacts of chemotherapy influence personal satisfaction in disease patients, and it likewise makes challenges in satisfying family and social jobs. Hence the study aimed to assess the quality of life of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Cross-sectional research design was employed with 50 samples which matched the inclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling technique. Demographic variables data were collected by using a structured questionnaire followed by assessing the quality of life by using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. The findings of the study revealed the highest median value in the cognitive functioning, social functioning, role functioning and also in physical functioning compared symptom scale and in which the lowest score in the symptoms of nausea & vomiting, loss of craving, fatigue, diarrhea and constipation and face many challenges related to finance. Based on findings, further studies can be conducted to correlate the quality of life with clinical assessment and focus on the mind-body exercise such as yoga, meditation and physical therapy like exercise, massage to enhance the quality of life and to complete the entire cycle of chemotherapy.
Cancer Incidence Rate in Kurdistan-Iraq during 14 Years - Depend on Cancer Registry Program
Authors: Holem Hashm Balaky  , Ardalan Abdulhamid Osman  , Pakestan Hammad Amin  , Haval Abdullah khudher
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the incident rate of different types of cancers and determine risks of cancer in Erbil Capital of Kurdistan Region Government from June 2004 to December 2017. This data was collected from registered cases in Nanakaly hospital for cancer. It included all cancer cases for different age groups during the a fore mentioned period; the results showed that the recorded number of cancer cases was 1021 with 27 types of cancer during. The highest recorded cancers are lung, breast, diffuse cancer, lymphoma, myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia by 9.43%, 24.40%, 10.61%, 9.10%, 8.95% and 8.78% respectively. The annual incident rate per 100,000 was 5712 and for all age groups were 67.26 in female and 4698 in women, from 53 to 376.5 cases/population/ year. Incident rate showed to be 51.72% in female and 48.28% in male. It was last noticed that the most common cancer amongst females and males were breast, lung, myeloid leukemia, Lymphoma, Acute lymphocytic leukemia, Colon, ovary, and thalassemia by 21.01%, 1.80%, 5.71%, 4.54%, 4.41%, 1.69%, 1.42%, and 0.50% with the males by 3.05%, 7.68%, 5.56%, 6.17%, 5.67%, 2.81%, 0.18%, and 0.32% respectively. Projections of cancer trends to the year 2030 indicate to expected rises in both incidence and prevalence. It seems that the cancer cases in Erbil city is higher comparing to the cases of other cities like Sulaymaniyah especially for older age groups. In this survey, breast cancer in females, lung cancers in males were ranked first with other cancer all 14 years.