bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micromechanics Based Inelastic and Damage Modeling of Composites
Authors: Procházka P. P.
Published: March 2021

Micromechanics based models are considered for application to viscoelasticity and damage in metal matrix composites. The method proposes a continuation and development of Dvooák’s transformation field analysis, considering the piecewise uniform eigenstrains in each material phase. Standard applications of the method to a two-phase are considered in this study model, i.e., only one sub-volume per phase is considered. A continuous model is used, employing transformation field analysis with softening in order to prevent the tensile stress overstepping the tensile strength. At the same time shear cracking occurs in the tangential direction of the possible crack. This is considered in the principal shear stresses and they make disconnections in displacements. In this case, discontinuous models are more promising. Because discrete models, that can describe the situation more realistically have not been worked out in detail, we retain a continuous model and substitute the slip caused by overstepping the damage law by introducing eigenparameters from TFA. The various aspects of the proposed methods are systematically checked by comparing with finite element unit cell analyses, made through periodic homogenization assumptions, for SiC/Ti unidirectional lay-ups.
Heating and Cooling Anomaly of a Rotating Body
Authors: Brůha O. , Brůha T.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with an effect which appears when heating or cooling a rotating body. No external forces acting on the body are supposed. Due to thermal expansion, the moment of inertia of the body varies together with the temperature changes. In agreement with the principle of conservation of angular momentum [1], the angular momentum is constant. This results in angular velocity changes and subsequently in kinetic energy changes. Also the stress energy varies together with the changes in thermal dimension. To satisfy the principle of energy conservation we have to suppose that the changes in kinetic and stress energy are compensated by the changes in internal energy, which is correlated with temperature changes of the body. This means that the rules for the heating or cooling process of a rotating body are not the same as those for a body at rest. This idea, applied to a cylinder rotating around its geometric axis under specific parameters, has been mathematically treated. As a result, the difference between the final temperature of the rotating cylinder and the temperature of the cylinder at rest has been found.
A Complexity and Quality Evaluation of Block Based Motion Estimation Algorithms
Authors: Usama S. , Montaser M. , Ahmed O.
Published: March 2021

Motion estimation is a method, by which temporal redundancies are reduced, which is an important aspect of video compression algorithms. In this paper we present a comparison among some of the well-known block based motion estimation algorithms. A performance evaluation of these algorithms is proposed to decide the best algorithm from the point of view of complexity and quality for noise-free video sequences and also for noisy video sequences.
Implementation of a Microcode-controlled State Machine and Simulator in AVR Microcontrollers (MICoSS)
Authors: Korbel S. , Jáneš V.
Published: March 2021

This paper describes the design of a microcode-controlled state machine and its software implementation in Atmel AVR microcontrollers. In particular, ATmega103 and ATmega128 microcontrollers are used. This design is closely related to the software implementation of a simulator in AVR microcontrollers. This simulator communicates with the designed state machine and presents a complete design environment for microcode development and debugging. These two devices can be interconnected by a flat cable and linked to a computer through a serial or USB interface.Both devices share the control software that allows us to create and edit microprograms and to control the whole state machine. It is possible to start, cancel or step through the execution of the microprograms. The operator can also observe the current state of the state machine. The second part of the control software enables the operator to create and compile simulating programs. The control software communicates with both devices using commands. All the results of this communication are well arranged in dialog boxes and windows.
KBE Application for the Design and Manufacture of HSM Fixtures
Authors: Ríos J. , Jiménez J. V. , Pérez J. , Vizán A. , Menéndez J. L. , Más F.
Published: March 2021

The design of machining fixtures for aeronautical parts is strongly based in the knowledge of the fixture designer, and it comprises certain repetitive tasks. An analysis of the design process allows us to state its suitability for developing Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) applications in order to capture the knowledge, and to systematize and automate the designs.This work justifies the importance of fixtures for High Speed Milling (HSM), and explains the development of a KBE application to automate the design and manufacturing of such elements. The application is the outcome of a project carried out in collaboration with the company EADS.In the development process, a specific methodology was used in order to represent the knowledge in a semi-structured way and to document the information needed to define the system. The developed KBE application is independent of the parts design system. This makes it necessary to use an interface to input the part geometry into the KBE application, where it is analyzed in order to extract the relevant information for the fixture design process. The results obtained from the application come in three different ways: raw material drawings, fixture 3D solid models, and text files (Bill Of Materials – BOM, and Numerical Control – NC programs). All the results are exported to other applications for use in other tasks. The designer interacts with the application through an ad hoc interface, where he is asked to select or input some data and where the results are also visualized. The prototype KBE application has been carried out in the ICAD development environment and the main interface is with the CAD/CAM system CATIA V4.
Constraint-Aided Product Design
Authors: Mullineux G. , Hicks B. , Medland T.
Published: March 2021

The importance of supporting the early stages of design is widely accepted. In particular, the development of supportive tools and methods for modelling and analysis of evolving design solutions present a difficult challenge. One reason for this is the need to model both the product design and the design knowledge from which the design is created. There are a number of limitations with many existing techniques and an alternative approach that deals with the design constraints themselves is presented. Dealing directly with the constraints affords a more generalised approach that represents the process by which a product is designed. This enables modelling and reasoning about a product from an often abstract and evolving set of requirements. The constraint methodology is an iterative process where the design requirements are elaborated, the constraint rules altered, design ideas generated and tested as functional structures. The incorporation of direct search techniques to solve the constrained problem enables different solutions to be explored and allows the determination of ‘best compromises’ for related constraints. A constraint modelling environment is discussed and two example cases are used to demonstrate the potential of a constraint-aided approach for supporting important issues such as the design of product variants and product families.
Structural Stress Analysis of an Engine Cylinder Head
Authors: Tichánek R. , Španiel M. , Diviš M.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with a structural stress analysis of the cylinder head assembly of the C/28 series engine. A detailed FE model was created for this purpose. The FE model consists of the main parts of the cylinder head assembly, and it includes a description of the thermal and mechanical loads and the contact interaction between their parts. The model considers the temperature dependency of the heat transfer coefficient on wall temperature in cooling passages. The paper presents a comparison of computed and measured temperature. The analysis was carried out using the FE program ABAQUS.
Implementation of Sliding Mode Observer Based Reconfiguration in an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Mitchell A. J. , McGookin E. W. , Murray-Smith D. J.
Published: March 2021

This paper looks at the implementation of a Sliding Mode Observer (SMO) based Reconfiguration algorithm to deal with sensor faults within the context of navigation controllers for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). In this paper the reconfigurability aspects are considered for the heading controller. Simulation responses are used to illustrate that the Sliding Mode Observer is able to give state information to the controller when there is a fault in the AUV’s sensor package. Comparisons are made between the Sliding Mode Controller with and without reconfigurability for a number of different sensor failures, e.g. bias errors in or the complete loss of the heading data, and the robustness of the Sliding Mode Observer is investigated through the introduction of disturbances into the system.
Physics Based Design, the Future of Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Ericsen T. S.
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses the expanding role of modeling and simulation in the design and development of electrical power systems. The concepts of physics-based design and building blocks are introduced to show how complex systems may be simplified. However, the detail and complexity of tomorrow’s systems are beyond today’s tools. Computing power has increased to the point where physics-based design is possible. The aim of this paper is to discus the issues and opportunities for modeling and simulation in advanced system design.
Feedback Control in an Atomic Force Microscope Used as a Nano-Manipulator
Authors: Hrouzek M.
Published: March 2021

This paper offers a concise survey of the most commonly used feedback loops for atomic force microscopes. In addition it proposes feedback control loops in order to minimize the effect of thermal noise on measurements of weak forces, and to improve the manipulability of the AFM. Growing requirements to study and fabricate systems of ever-shrinking size mean that ever-increasing performance of instruments like atomic force microscopes (AFM) is needed. A typical AFM consists of a micro-cantilever with a sharp tip, a sample positioning system, a detection system and a control system. Present day commercial AFMs use a standard PI controller to position the micro-cantilever tip at a desired distance from the sample. There is still a need for studies showing the optimal way to tune these controllers in order to achieve high closed-loop positioning performance. The choice of other controller structures, more suitable for dealing with the robustness/performance compromise can also be a solution.
Multi-Particle Universal Processes
Authors: Novotný J. , Štefaňák M. , Košt’ák V.
Published: March 2021

We generalize bipartite universal processes to the subclass of multi-particle universal processes from one to N particles. We show how the general statement for a multi-particle universal process can be constructed. The one-parameter family of processes generating totally anti-symmetric states has been generalized to a multi-particle regime and its entanglement properties have been studied. A view is given on the complete positivity and the possible physical realization of universal processes.
Time-Mean Helicity Distribution in Turbulent Swirling Jets
Authors: Tesař V.
Published: March 2021

Helicity offers an alternative approach to investigations of the structure of turbulent flows. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of the time-mean component of helicity is the starting point. Yet very little is known even about basic cases in which Helicity plays important role, such as the case of a swirling jet. This is the subject of the present investigations, based mainly on numerical flowfield computations. The region of significantly large time-mean helicity density is found only in a rather small region reaching to several nozzle diameters downstream from the exit. The most important result is the similarity of the helicity density profiles.
Parity Codes Used for On-Line Testing in FPGA
Authors: Kubalík P. , Kubátová H.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with on-line error detection in digital circuits implemented in FPGAs. Error detection codes have been used to ensure the self-checking property. The adopted fault model is discussed. A fault in a given combinational circuit must be detected and signalized at the time of its appearance and before further distribution of errors. Hence safe operation of the designed system is guaranteed. The check bits generator and the checker were added to the original combinational circuit to detect an error during normal circuit operation. This concurrent error detection ensures the Totally Self-Checking property. Combinational circuit benchmarks have been used in this work in order to compute the quality of the proposed codes. The description of the benchmarks is based on equations and tables. All of our experimental results are obtained by XILINX FPGA implementation EDA tools. A possible TSC structure consisting of several TSC blocks is presented.
Scholars and Literati at the Gregorian University in Rome (1551–1773)
Authors: De la Croix David , Karioun Soraya
Published: March 2021

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who taught at the Jesuit University in Rome (Roman College - Gregorian University) from its inception in 1551 to the suppression of the Society of Jesus in 1773.
Adiekcje we współczesnych polskich przekładach Listu do Filemona
Authors: Kubski Grzegorz
Published: March 2021

A broadly understood concept of adjection used in rhetoric comprises various types of verbal and content references. This figure of speech plays an important role in the texts of the Holy Scripture as it shapes the literary construction of the world portrayed by the hagiographers and in consequence bears an impact on the message that they convey. New Bible translations into Polish usually focus on the communicative clarity of the vocabulary chosen, and are less frequently concerned with harmonizing the different levels of the text. The present paper compares eight contemporary Polish translations of the Letter to Philemon together with accompanying commentaries. Among other things, attention is drawn to such elements as the deployment of the etymology of the name Onesi- mus and its connection with the word Christos, the recurrence of the concept of “good”, emphasis on or omission of the connotations of the theme of fight. The interpretations of verses 1, 9, 10 and 14 are set apart since contain metaphors or metonymy. Respect for or reduction of the semantic function of the anaphora and epiphora is examined. The translators of the Letter to Philemon, com- pared to the translators of other books of the Bible, showed greater appreciation, though in varying degrees, of the meaning-formation value of adjection. Perhaps this is due to the shortness of this piece of writing by St. Paul, as fewer textual elements are easier to harmonize.
Misja Kościoła — niezwykła zwykłość nauczania papieża Franciszka
Authors: Gardocki Dariusz
Published: March 2021

With Pope Francis a new chapter has begun in the history of the Church. This newness refers to the new internal situation of the Church, new “signs of time”, and new challenges which the Church has to face. Through the symbolic gestures of his pastoral practice and the directions indicated in his homilies and encyclical letters Francis responds to these challenges in the spirit of the Gospel.

His whole pontificate is characterized by the profound desire to impart the newness and fresh- ness of the Gospel as well as what constitutes the core of its teaching. In this endeavor of returning to the sources, he sees the possibility of renewal of the Church. This entails a discernment of what constitutes the center and core of the Christian proclamation versus what is secondary, as well as how Jesus’ teaching has been distorted and deformed over the centuries. Francis speaks about the necessity of the apostolic and pastoral conversion of the Church. The Church has to undertake the “option for mission” and “apostolic dynamism”. She must go to the peripheries.

In his teaching Pope Francis imparts the traditional doctrine of the Church. But he does it in a new way, using new language, new gestures and a new way of life. Like his predecessors, he wants to serve the faith. He does not wish to change what constitutes the core of the Christian faith. But he wants the Church to grow in the understanding of the Gospel as well as in the discernment of the ways of the Spirit. Therefore, he emphasizes the constant need for the attitude of discernment. This is what he has learned above all from Ignatian spirituality and his pastoral experience: “the discernment of the spirits”.
Hierarchical core maintenance on large dynamic graphs
Authors: Lin Zhe , Zhang Fan , Lin Xuemin , Zhang Wenjie , Tian Zhihong
Published: March 2021

The model of
k
-core and its decomposition have been applied in various areas, such as social networks, the world wide web, and biology. A graph can be decomposed into an elegant
k
-core hierarchy to facilitate cohesive subgraph discovery and network analysis. As many real-life graphs are fast evolving, existing works proposed efficient algorithms to maintain the coreness value of every vertex against structure changes. However, the maintenance of the
k
-core hierarchy in existing studies is not complete because the connections among different
k
-cores in the hierarchy are not considered. In this paper, we study hierarchical core maintenance which is to compute the
k
-core hierarchy incrementally against graph dynamics. The problem is challenging because the change of hierarchy may be large and complex even for a slight graph update. In order to precisely locate the area affected by graph dynamics, we conduct in-depth analyses on the structural properties of the hierarchy, and propose well-designed local update techniques. Our algorithms significantly outperform the baselines on runtime by up to 3 orders of magnitude, as demonstrated on 10 real-world large graphs.
Differentially private binary- and matrix-valued data query
Authors: Ji Tianxi , Li Pan , Yilmaz Emre , Ayday Erman , Ye Yanfang (Fanny) , Sun Jinyuan
Published: March 2021

Differential privacy has been widely adopted to release continuous- and scalar-valued information on a database without compromising the privacy of individual data records in it. The problem of querying binary- and matrix-valued information on a database in a differentially private manner has rarely been studied. However, binary- and matrix-valued data are ubiquitous in real-world applications, whose privacy concerns may arise under a variety of circumstances. In this paper, we devise an exclusive or (XOR) mechanism that perturbs binary- and matrix-valued query result by conducting an XOR operation on the query result with calibrated noises attributed to a matrix-valued Bernoulli distribution. We first rigorously analyze the privacy and utility guarantee of the proposed XOR mechanism. Then, to generate the parameters in the matrix-valued Bernoulli distribution, we develop a heuristic approach to minimize the expected square query error rate under
ϵ
-differential privacy constraint. Additionally, to address the intractability of calculating the probability density function (PDF) of this distribution and efficiently generate samples from it, we adapt an Exact Hamiltonian Monte Carlo based sampling scheme. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of the XOR mechanism by considering binary data classification and social network analysis, all in a differentially private manner. Experiment results show that the XOR mechanism notably outperforms other state-of-the-art differentially private methods in terms of utility (such as classification accuracy and
F
1
score), and even achieves comparable utility to the non-private mechanisms.
Innovative techniques for the improvement of industrial noise sources identification by beamforming
Authors: Baldinelli Giorgio , Bianchi Francesco , Costarelli Danilo , D’Alessandro Francesco , Scrucca Flavio , Seracini Marco , Vinti Gianluca
Published: March 2021

An innovative technique based on beamforming is implemented, at the aim of detecting the distances from the observer and the relative positions among the noise sources themselves in multisource noise scenarios. By means of preliminary activities to assess the optical camera focal length and stereoscopic measurements followed by image processing, the geometric information in the source-microphone direction is retrieved, a parameter generally missed in classic beamforming applications. A corollary of the method consists of the possibility of obtaining also the distance among different noise sources which could be present in a multisource environment. A loss of precision is found when the effect of the high acoustic reflectivity ground interferes with the noise source.
The importance of changing urban scenery in the assessment of citizens’ soundscape perception. On the need for different time-related points of view
Authors: Manzano Jerónimo Vida , Pastor José Antonio Almagro , Quesada Rafael García
Published: March 2021

The city of Granada is experimenting a big urban transformation, attending national and international commitments on clean air, energy efficiency and savings linked to greenhouse gases reduction strategies and sustainable development action plans. This situation constitutes a good scenario for new noise control approaches that take into account the sound variable and citizens empowering in urban design, such as the soundscape assessment of urban territory. In this way, soundscape tools have been used in Granada as a complementary method for environmental noise characterisation where traditional noise control techniques are difficult to be carried out or give limited results. After 2016 strategic noise map and in the preparation of the new noise action plan, the city came across a great acoustic challenge in a new area located outskirts characterised by growing urbanisation, still under development, the greatest legal protection because of sensitive teaching and hospital buildings and the greatest noise exposure from nearby ring-way supporting heavy traffic flow. As quiet urban areas are not characterised by the absence of noise but for the presence of the right noise, this research intended to provide the local administration with results and proposals to transform this conflict area in a pleasant or quiet urban place. Main results came from important and significative differences in morning and evening characterisation, as great differences appear in soundscape assessment over the day and along the soundwalk path, indicating the importance of time and local issues to adequately characterised citizens perception to be considered by administration in the development of strategies and effective noise control actions.
Nasogastric- vs. percutaneous gastrostomy tube for prophylactic gastric decompression after cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: van Kooten Job P. , de Boer Nadine L. , Diepeveen Marjolein , Verhoef Cornelis , Burger Jacobus W. A. , Brandt-Kerkhof Alexandra R. M. , Madsen Eva V. E.
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is associated with postoperative gastroparesis and ileus. In 2015, our practice shifted from using percutaneous gastrostomy tubes (PGT), to nasogastric tubes (NGT) for prophylactic gastric decompression after CRS-HIPEC. This study aimed to compare these methods for length of stay (LOS) and associated complications.

Methods

Patients that underwent CRS-HIPEC for peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer between 2014 and 2019 were included. Cases were grouped based on receiving NGT or PGT postoperatively. Multivariable linear regression determined the independent effect of decompression method on LOS, thereby adjusting for confounders.

Results

In total, 179 patients were included in the analyses. Median age was 64 years [IQR:54–71]. Altogether, 135 (75.4%) received a NGT and 44 (24.6%) received a PGT. Gastroparesis occurred significantly more often in the PGT group (18.2 vs. 7.4%, p=0.039). Median LOS was significantly shorter for patients with a NGT (15 [IQR:12–19] vs. 18.5 [IQR:17–25.5], p<0.001). PGT was independently associated with longer LOS in multivariable analysis (Beta=4.224 [95%CI 1.243–7.204]). There was no difference regarding aspiration, pneumonia and postoperative mortality between groups.

Conclusions

NGT should be preferred over PGT for gastric decompression after CRS-HIPEC as it is associated with fewer gastroparesis and shorter LOS.
Influence of technical parameters on the structure of annular axis braided preforms
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhang Guoli , Shi Xiaoping , Zhang Ce
Published: March 2021

A modified vertical braiding machine and closed annular axis mandrels with a special-shaped cross section were used to braid annular axis preforms under four different technical parameters. After measuring the braiding angles and yarn spacing of the braided preform in different areas of the mandrels, it was found that the braiding angle increased by 20.9% and the yarn spacing decreased by 19.8% when the speed of the yarn carrier was doubled. The braiding angle decreased by 31.1% and the yarn spacing increased by 28.6% when the rotation speed of the mandrels was doubled. The results show that the rotation speed of the mandrel has a slightly greater influence on the braiding angle and the yarn spacing. By using the modified braiding machine to braid the annular axis preforms, multi-layer continuous braided preforms can be achieved on compact equipment. And the structure of the annular axis braided preforms can be changed by changing the technical parameters.
Due enfances nel ms. D (Paris, BnF, fr. 1448): le Enfances Rainouart e l’Adoubement Vivien
Authors: Ghidoni Andrea
Published: March 2021

The 13th-century manuscript Paris, BnF, français 1448 (= D) contains a linking text between Enfances Vivien and Chevalerie Vivien. It can be divided into two nuclei, the first narrating the adventures of a young Rainouart and the second developing the dubbing of Vivien: in both cases, events of the biographies of two popular heroes only hinted at in other major poems, which a compiler decided to narrate extensively to fill the gap in the cycle of chansons on the geste Monglane. This paper, alongside the first critical edition of that text, offers a broad introduction on the literary and cultural features of these two stories (which can be classified as exemplars of the enfances sub-genre of medieval French epic).
It.usciere, fr.huissier, venez.schierazo‘nave da caricoʼ
Authors: Schweickard Wolfgang
Published: March 2021

The types It.uscieri/ Fr.huissierand Venet.schierazoare both derived from Ar.‛ušɛ̄rī‘cargo shipʼ. The term arrived in medieval times with the Crusaders in France and in the wake of the Arab conquests in Sicily and was adopted by the Genoese and Venetians in the course of their commercial activities. The second phase of its European history took place in the late 15th and 16th centuries, when the derivativeschierazoappeared in Venetian contexts.
Arbeitsraumsimulation für kollaborierende Roboter
Authors: Schmidt Malte , Partes Knut , Gorny Sven , Neiß-Theuerkauff Tobias , Wallhoff Frank
Published: March 2021

Kollaborierende Roboter (Cobots) können den Arbeitsraum mit Menschen teilen und dabei verschiedene Aufgaben ausführen. Das macht sie besonders für flexible Produktionssysteme interessant. Hierbei muss sichergestellt werden, dass die unterschiedlichen Bewegungsabläufe in allen Arbeitsumgebungen durchführbar sind. Mit einer Simulation der Roboterbewegungen ist es gelungen, die realen Arbeitsräume zu visualisieren und damit die Auslegung und Planung von Cobots in einer flexiblen Produktion zu verbessern.**)
Inventory Management während der COVID-19-Krise
Authors: Hafner Martin , Hagemeier Daniel , Letmathe Peter
Published: March 2021

In diesem Beitrag werden die Implikationen der COVID-19-Pandemie für das Lagerbestandsmanagement von produzierenden Unternehmen untersucht. Auf der Basis eines Inventory Dashboard werden fünf Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis abgeleitet, welche die reichweitenbezogenen Kennzahlen, das funktionsübergreifende Bestandscontrolling, Zielgrößenanpassungen, eine optimale Auslastung von Produktionskapazitäten sowie die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit auf Nachfrageschocks adressieren.
Chance für mehr Ressourceneffizienz
Authors: Krommes Sandra , Tomaschko Florian
Published: March 2021

Die dynamische Wert- und Stoffstrommodellierung bildet die In- und Output-Ströme von Prozessen mittels Digitalisierungstechnologien ab. In einem aus fünf Schritten bestehenden methodischen Vorgehen kann der Einstieg in die Digitalisierung der Produktion für KMU mit bestehenden Anlagen- und Maschinenparks (Brownfield-Ansatz) gelingen: Ein digitaler Schatten ermöglicht ein echtzeit- und realdatenbasiertes Monitoring von Einzel- und Kleinserienfertigungen zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz.*
Identifikation leistungsbestimmender Faktoren
Authors: Marek Svenja , Schuh Günther , Stich Volker
Published: March 2021

Eine wesentliche Bedingung zur Optimierung der Wertschöpfungsprozesse ist die Transparenz über die leistungsbestimmenden Faktoren eines Unternehmens. Die Ermittlung dieser Faktoren stellt für viele Industriebetriebe eine Herausforderung dar. Im Rahmen dieser Veröffentlichung wird daher eine Vorgehensweise zur systematischen Identifikation von Einflussfaktoren der Unternehmenskennzahlen vorgestellt, welche die Grundlage zur Ableitung von individuellen Stellhebeln zur Steigerung der Unternehmensleistungsfähigkeit darstellt.*
Topologieoptimierung beim Laser-Strahlschmelzen
Authors: Götz Dominik , Bachmann Andreas , Wimmer Andreas , Zäh Michael F.
Published: March 2021

Das Laser-Strahlschmelzen (PBF-LB/M) bietet bei der Verarbeitung von Metallen Vorteile gegenüber konventionellen Herstellungsverfahren, wie z. B. eine hohe geometrische Gestaltungsfreiheit. Allerdings sind bereits bei der Bauteilgestaltung einige Fertigungsrestriktionen zu beachten, welche bei der Topologieoptimierung im Gegensatz zur Bauteilmasse oft unberücksichtigt bleiben. Im ProjektOptProLaS*werden temperaturabhängige Fertigungsrestriktionen ermittelt und durch die Kopplung einer Topologieoptimierung mit einer Prozesssimulation bei der Bauteilauslegung berücksichtigt.**
Az okos vidékfejlesztés lehetőségei és korlátai Magyarországon
Authors:   Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Természettudományi és Informatikai Kar, Gazdaság- és Társadalomföldrajz Tanszék, Szalai Ádám , Fabula Szabolcs ,   Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Természettudományi és Informatikai Kar, Gazdaság- és Társadalomföldrajz Tanszék
Published: March 2021

Regional inequalities in Hungary, which have been conserved for decades, are well documented by human geography and regional science. However, changing policy frameworks, policy decisions, and finally, local decisions and value choices influence the development trajectories of regions that lean on new approaches. For example, the concept of smart settlements is a relatively new policy tool, which builds on the use of information-communication technology not only in urban, but also in rural areas. In this paper, we investigate the topic of smart rural development from a policy and regional development perspective, giving insights into the influencing factors of the spread of smart villages in Hungary, and how the actors interested in Hungarian rural development interpret the smart village concept. Based on qualitative analysis of expert interviews and online questionnaire survey, we describe what factors influence the feasibility of smart projects. We point out the shortcomings of technology-oriented, top-down, project-based development and planning practice, and building on our results, we provide policy recommendations.
Revisiting the Minoan palaces: ritual commensality at Sissi
Authors: Driessen Jan
Published: March 2021

Scholars have long hypothesised that the central courts of the elaborate Minoan complexes of Crete (c. 1950–1450 BC) were used for ritualised, communal gatherings. New archaeological evidence from the court centre at the site of Sissi offers unique insights into the social practices, regional history and political organisation of this Bronze Age island civilisation. The remains of consumption rituals practised at Sissi's central court, along with the absence of evidence for other specific functions, provide the basis for a more nuanced understanding of the role of different types of Minoan palace. Furthermore, deliberate incorporation of earlier ruins within the Sissi complex suggests that the social power of Minoan palaces drew, in part, on ancestral practices.
Retraction: Analysis of the Promotion Effect of China’s Financial Venture Capital Development on Innovative Capital
Authors: Zhang Xiao-wen , Du Yun-fei , Zeng Min
Published: March 2021

This article has been retracted upon request from the authors due to errors they found in the research and figures.

ASTM International

August 2023
DESENVOLVEMENTO ECONÓMICO EN ECUADOR E ESTIMACIÓN ECONOMÉTRICA DO TAMAÑO DA ECONOMÍA INFORMAL A TRAVÉS DO METODO MONETARIO, 1980-2013
Authors: UQUILLAS CASALOMBO Carlos Alfredo
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo analizamos a evolución do crecemento e o desenvolvementoeconómico de Ecuador e o peso que representa a economía informal. Realízase unharevisión bibliográfica das principais achegas científicas realizadas ao método monetario.En base a estes fundamentos teóricos elaborouse o modelo econométrico e, a través daaplicación do contraste de cointegración de Engle e Granger e o mecanismo de anulaciónda informalidade, obtivéronse estimacións do tamaño da economía informal para Ecuadorno período 1980-2013.
DOES MIDDLE INCOME TRAP EXIST?: EVIDENCE FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES: E7 COUNTRIES FOR 1969-2015
Authors: YAVUZ TIFTIKÇIGIL Burcu , GÜRIŞ Burak , YAŞGÜL Yaşar Serhat
Published: March 2021

The E7 countries (China, India, Brazil, Russia, Mexico, Indonesia and Turkey)that have been growing fast since 1990s have been under the middle income countrycategory according to the income category classification of the World Bank for a longperiod of time. Researchers have been interested especially in emerging economies thathave not been able to move up from the middle income category to the high incomecategory and this has led to the initiation of what’s called the ‘middle income trap’ (MIT)discussions in literature. The MIT is generally defined as the countries under the middleincome category failing to move up to the high income category. Therefore, the purpose ofthis study is to identify the presence of MIT in E7 countries that hold an importantposition in global economy. The unit root tests were used in the empirical phase of thestudy. This study’s difference from other studies is the fact that both the time series andthe panel data unit root tests were used both in linear and nonlinear forms, thuspreventing the misleading results created by choosing the wrong model specification.The USA was taken as the reference country in the study and the GNI per capitaaccording to the Atlas method (current US$) data of the World Bank was used for the E7countries for the period 1969-2015. To achieve consistency in the analysis results, Russiawas not included in the model as there were no data available for the same period forRussia given the fact that the same timeframe should be taken as the basis for allcountries. The empirical analysis showed that the E7 countries do not fall into the MIT.
POBOACIÓN, EMPREGO E MIGRACIÓN NAS BISBARRAS DE GALICIA: 2011-2017 E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: GUISÁN María-Carmen
Published: March 2021

Galicia é unha rexión do Norte de España con excelentes factores que contribúená calidade de vida pero con insuficientes empregos e salarios, polo que se enfronta conproblemas de perda de poboación en moitas bisbarras. Analizamos os movementos deemigración interior e exterior. A poboación xubilada contribúe coas súas rendas a mantera vitalidade en moitas zonas, pero é preciso tamén atraer á poboación en idade laboral através da creación de emprego. No período 2011-2017 só 11 das 53 bisbarras de Galiciativeron algún incremento do emprego e só tres (A Coruña, Santiago e Pontevedra) tiveronun incremento de poboación. O estudo inclúe un modelo econométrico, que amosa oimpacto positivo e significativo do emprego sobre o incremento de poboación, estimadocon datos das 53 bisbarras de Galicia. Recomendamos incrementar a converxencia dodesenvolvemento industrial de Galicia cara os niveis de rexións europeas máis avanzadas.
Wskaźnik terapeutyczny miejscowego zakażenia rany (TILI) jako przydatne narzędzie w efektywnej pielęgnacji ran niegojących się dla lekarzy i pielęgniarek podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej, lekarzy rodzinnych i personelu zakładów opiekuńczo-leczniczych
Authors: Bartoszewicz Marzenna , Krasowski Grzegorz , Banasiewicz Tomasz , Lipiński Przemysław , Bielecki Krzysztof , Chrapusta Anna , Korzon-Burakowska Anna , Kucharzewski Marek , Mospan Bożena , Konrady Zuzanna , Junka Adam , Oleksy-Wawrzyniak Monika
Published: March 2021

The problem of hard-to-heal wounds is associated with an increase in the incidence of civilization diseases. Venous leg ulcers, ischemic ulcers and wounds in diabetic foot syndrome are a particular problem, and the early detection of local wound infections is a serious interdisciplinary challenge in everyday practice. Local wound infections are often undetected or detected too late. They can impair physiological wound healing as well as lead to systemic infection and even sepsis. According to the statements that: “The fate of the wounded rests with the one who applies the first dressing” (Col. Nicholas Senna, 1897), and “The responsibility for the patient rests with the doctor who comes to the patient first” (John Murphy, Medical Society, Chicago, 1889) the success of the treatment of infected wounds depends to a particular extent on the prompt and proper response of those who come in contact with the patient first. The purpose of this document is to briefly present issues related to the problem of hard-to-heal wounds, indicate the direction of therapeutic management and diagnostic support for the staff (doctors and nurses) of primary healthcare units, care and treatment institutions and social welfare centers, general physicians and medical careers of patients suffering from hard-to-heal wounds. The developed TILI score is to facilitate the decision whether or not to use antiseptics and/or antimicrobial dressings in the effective therapy of a hard-to-heal wound.
The Western Space Policies under the Influence of International Factors: Mutuality of Russia’s Case
Authors: Balcers Valdis
Published: March 2021

The research is dedicated to the problem of mutual dependence in space policies between the West, represented by great spacefaring actors the US and the EU, and Russia. In the study the correlation analysis, content analysis, and scenario-building methods were used. The conclusion of the analysis comprises consideration on the need to invest in their independence by Western countries in order to avoid unnecessary extra dependence on uncertain and unreliable regimes that supply substantial components for their space technology.
Empowerment – a Double Edged Sword?
Authors: Beinaroviča Ieva Daniela , Kleins Druvis
Published: March 2021

The concept of empowerment is a democratic tool and a logical next step in the evolution of public administration. In this article we explore the possibility of this concept to be used as a tool of unconventional warfare under a certain set of conditions. The carried out case study of the recent events in Ukraine, Crimea allows to conclude that empowerment can indeed be used to compromise the territorial integrity of a sovereign country.
Public-Private Cooperation in the Eurasian Economic Union: Lessons for Belarus
Authors: Krivorotko Yuri , Vysotskaya Alla
Published: March 2021

Key success factors of public-private cooperation management in the Eurasian Economic Union countries are revealed in the paper. Key success factors of public- private cooperation (PPC) have been structured as follows: legislative base and the regulatory environment, partner relationship, risk management. The paper concludes that full presence of key success factors of PPC may significantly improve its functioning and efficiency. The study provides a methodological base that underpins PPC management by emphasizing partner interaction and relevant procedures and structures.  Recommendations for PPC development in Belarus on the basis of public- private management experiences in some post-Soviet countries are presented.

The research methodology is based on the approaches of Rockart, Boynton, Zmud, Hardcastle, Edwards to key success factors of PPC, as well as on those proposed by Mouraviev, Kakabadse, Bazhenov from the Eurasian Economic Union, in empirical studies - opinion of experts, PPC project managers survey. Statistical data from official sources, the State Statistics Committee, Ministry of Economics, public private partnership centers in Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus, databases, etc. were also used.
Inpatient Use and Outcomes at Children’s Hospitals During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Markham Jessica L. , Richardson Troy , DePorre Adrienne , Teufel Ronald J. , Hersh Adam L. , Fleegler Eric W. , Antiel Ryan M. , Williams Daniel C. , Goldin Adam B. , Shah Samir S.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to changes in health care use, including decreased emergency department visits for children. In this study, we sought to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on inpatient use within children’s hospitals.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective study using the Pediatric Health Information System. We compared inpatient use and clinical outcomes for children 0 to 18 years of age during the COVID-19 period (March 15 to August 29, 2020) to the same time frame in the previous 3 years (pre-COVID-19 period). Adjusted generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the association of the pandemic period with inpatient use. We assessed trends overall and for a subgroup of 15 medical All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (APR-DRGs).

RESULTS:

We identified 424 856 hospitalizations (mean: 141 619 hospitalizations per year) in the pre-COVID-19 period and 91 532 in the COVID-19 period. Compared with the median number of hospitalizations in the pre-COVID-19 period, we observed declines in hospitalizations overall (35.1%), and by APR-DRG (range: 8.5%–81.3%) with asthma (81.3%), bronchiolitis (80.1%), and pneumonia (71.4%) experiencing the greatest declines. Overall readmission rates were lower during the COVID-19 period; however, other outcomes, including length of stay, cost, ICU use, and mortality remained similar to the pre-COVID-19 period with some variability by APR-DRGs.

CONCLUSIONS:

US children’s hospitals observed substantial reductions in inpatient admissions with largely unchanged hospital-level outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the impact on use varied by condition, the most notable declines were related to inpatient admissions for respiratory conditions, including asthma, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia.
Application of chitosan as a natural disinfectant against porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus
Authors: Kim Sung Jae , Nguyen Van Giap , Kim Cheong Ung , Park Bong Kyun , Huynh Thi-My Le , Shin Sook , Jung Woo Kyung , Park Yong Ho , Chung Hee Chun
Published: March 2021

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is one of the major pathogens causing acute enteritis, which is characterised by vomiting and watery diarrhoea and commonly leads to high rates of mortality and morbidity in suckling piglets. Chitosan has been regarded as a promising natural disinfectant. In this study, the disinfectant effect and mammalian-cell toxicity of chitosan were evaluated against PEDV using Vero cells. A 0.01% solution of chitosan was determined to be an effective disinfectant. In addition, no evidence of toxicity was observed during the cell toxicity test; on the contrary, chitosan promoted cell proliferation. In conclusion, chitosan is a promising candidate for an effective and safe disinfectant against PEDV as well as other coronaviruses.
Molecular characterisation of rabies virus detected in livestock animals in the southern part of Egypt during 2018 and 2019
Authors: Sultan Serageldeen , Ahmed Soheir Abdou Hussein , Abdelazeem Mohamed Wael , Hassan Sabry
Published: March 2021

Brain samples were collected from 33 animals of different species, including buffalo, cattle, dog, donkey, fox and wolf, that had been suspected to be infected by rabies virus (RABV) in different geographical regions of Aswan and Luxor governorates in Egypt. The samples were submitted for histopathological examination and the presence of the nucleic acid and antigens of RABV was tested by RT-PCR and indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT), respectively. Sixteen samples were found positive by all the three examinations. Three samples were selected for further study from animals in which the highest virus loads were detected. The partial sequence of the RABV N gene was determined and analysed from the samples of a buffalo, a cow and a donkey. The viruses in the samples were found to share 95–98% and 95–97% nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities, respectively. In comparison to reference sequences, a few amino acid substitutions occurred in the N protein antigenic sites I and IV in the immunodominant epitopes of the viruses detected in the cow and the donkey but not in the one from the buffalo. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the RABVs sequenced from the samples belonged to genotype 1, Africa-4 clade, and formed two distinct sub-clades within the Egyptian clade. These findings indicate the circulation of RABV among livestock animals in the southern part of Egypt and raise public health concerns. The amino acid changes detected in this work may contribute to the antigenic diversification of RABVs.
Highly crystalline PCL ultrathin films as thermally switchable biomaterial coatings
Authors: Saretia Shivam , Machatschek Rainhard , Lendlein Andreas
Published: March 2021

Semi-crystalline oligomers are explored as functionalized thermoswitchable coatings for modification of biomaterials surface. Highly crystalline oligo(ε-caprolactone) (OCL) films are prepared at the air–water interface by the Langmuir technique, which consist of tightly packed single crystals. Their morphology and melting temperature can be tuned by the chemical structure of the OCL end-groups (hydroxy or methacrylate) and by the crystallization temperature (12 or 21 °C) as physical parameter. This demand of high crystallite density and adjustable morphology of coatings is not met by conventional methodologies for preparing thin films, e.g., spin coating, spray coating, or solvent evaporation. The high crystallinity reduces the enzymatic degradation rate of the films on both water and solid surfaces. The high density of methacrylate end-groups at the crystal surfaces enables post-functionalization, which was demonstrated using fluorescein dimethacrylate as chemically linked label. The thermoswitching behavior (melting and recrystallization) of fluorescein functionalized, highly crystalline OCL films shows temperature-dependent distribution of the chemically linked fluorescein moieties, which are accumulated on the surfaces of crystals, and homogeneously dispersed when the crystals are molten. Thermally switchable highly crystalline films are relevant for cell substrates modulating adhesion at the biointerface or for coatings as barrier layer influencing the degradation rate.

Graphic abstract