bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of a safety checklist and strategic rest breaks in gynaecological laparoscopy
Authors: Silva D. , Randombage P. J. Jayanga , Gankanda W. , Mathanamohan J. , Rajakaruna Maduka
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on the importance of a safety checklist for gynaecological laparoscopic surgeries. Although several general safety checklists are used in practice (e.g.: The WHO Safety Checklist), there is no dedicated safety checklist for gynaecological laparoscopic surgeries. Our aim is to introduce a safety checklist dedicated to gynaecological laparoscopy. It is based on our experience in performing various gynaecological laparoscopic surgeries in a tertiary care center with a substantially high workload. It has been compiled after studying the complications occurring in areas covered by the aforementioned checklist. We present data from 776 cases performed over 4 years at the Professorial Unit in Obstetrics and Gynaecology affiliated to the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, at Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Kalubowila, Sri Lanka. The mean surgical time and complications associated with patient positioning have been assessed. Complications associated with the areas assessed were found to be of low incidence. However, we believe that these can be reduced further by the introduction of a checklist specifically tailored for gynaecological laparoscopy.
Intra uterine insemination
Authors: Raguraman S. , Muhunthan K.
Published: February 2022

Intrauterine insemination is a simple, non-invasive and safe initial treatment option, especially in low resource settings for selected group of patients before initiating assisted reproduction technology treatment. A wise selection of patients and timing are key to its success. Detailed assessment of the infertile couple, controlled ovarian stimulation with follicular development monitoring, appropriate processing the seminal fluid, trigger with hCG at a correct time, single IUI in strict aseptic condition followed by 10-15 minutes of immobilization are currently considered vital elements of Intrauterine insemination to improve its outcome. Intrauterine insemination can be considered as a bridge between basic and advanced fertility treatment for selected infertile couples especially in countries with limited resources for assisted reproductive technologies.
Plant reproductive structures of the Agua de la Zorra and Los Rastros formations, Triassic, Argentina
Authors: Pedernera Tomás Ezequiel , Gómez María Angélica
Published: February 2022

The Triassic paleofloras of Argentina are mainly known for their vegetative elements. During the last decade, several contributions have focused on the study of Triassic reproductive structures. Here, we provide new information on reproductive structures recovered from two Triassic units from the central-west of Argentina: the Agua de la Zorra Formation (Cuyana Basin) and the Los Rastros Formation (Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin). These specimens had been described in previous contributions, however, the taxonomic assignment of the materials remained undetermined. In this work, a redescription of the materials is provided, allowing the taxonomic assignment of the specimens. The Agua de la Zorra Formation female reproductive structures were assigned to Matatiella sp. (Matatiellaceae) and to Rissikiostrobus reductus (Podocarpaceae). The female strobilus specimen registered in the Los Rastros Formation was assigned to the genus Umkomasia (Umkomasiaceae). This contribution represents a step forward to a better understanding of the reproductive structures for the Triassic of Gondwana. Keywords: Matatiella, Rissikiostrobus, Umkomasia, Gondwana, Argentina.
Climatic and vegetational dynamics in southern Brazil between 47.8 and 7.4 cal ka BP: a palynological analysis
Authors: Bottezini Silvia Regina , Leonhardt Adriana , Diniz Débora , Ávila Andréia Souza Pereira de
Published: February 2022

Vegetation and climate changes in southern Brazil are described based on the palynological analysis from marine core SIS 188, collected on the continental slope, which records the interval between 47.8 and 7.4 cal ka BP. The pollen record indicates that the grasslands dominated the landscape in southern Brazil throughout the studied period. During the last glacial period, the forests were reduced. Between 32.8 and 20.2 cal ka BP, there is an increase in grassland and reduction of arboreal palynomorphs, coinciding with colder and drier climatic conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). From 30 to 25.2 cal ka BP, an increase in the sedimentation rate and concentration of most pollen indicators is observed. This change could be related to low sea level, which exposed the continental shelf to eolian erosion and fluvial inputs that transported sediments and palynomorphs to the ocean. A significant decrease in sedimentation rate is recorded between 19.5 and 12.6 cal ka BP, probably related to sea-level rise during deglaciation. During deglaciation and beginning of the Holocene, the increase in arboreal pollen indicates the expansion of forests, reflecting warmer and wetter climate. Heinrich event 1 is marked by a peak in the percentages of the arboreal vegetation at 15.9 cal ka BP. Around 8.5 cal ka BP, there seems to be another interval of higher moisture, indicated by the composition of the palynological association, formed by pteridophytes Blechnum, Huperzia, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae and Cyatheaceae. These results show that the palynological record from the SIS188 marine core is sensitive to global climatic changes and can provide a reliable paleovegetational reconstruction for the continental environment. Keywords: Pelotas Basin, paleoclimate, palynomorphs, palynology, Quaternary.
Appraisal of dental enamel hypoplasia in the Middle Miocene Deinotheriidae: implications of the Siwalik paleoenvironment of Pakistan
Authors: Ameen Muhammad , Khan Abdul Majid , Ahmad Rana Manzoor , Iqbal Ayesha , Akhtar Muhammad
Published: February 2022

The paleoecological fluctuations left their impression marks on the tooth enamel of mammals during their tooth development. These marks can be used as stress indicators because they reflect the type of duress faced by the extinct mammalian species during their lives. The enamel hypoplasia (EH) is a common stress marker to trace out the paleoenvironment of the region and the likelihood of species extinction. The material used for current EH analysis belongs to the genus Deinotherium, family Deinotheriidae, collected from Middle Miocene (15.2–11.2 Ma) Siwaliks of Pakistan. In this analysis 35 samples consisting of 52 teeth of two species, Deinotherium pentapotamiaeand D. indicum are included. The results indicate that 13/52 (25%) of the analyzed teeth have occurrences of EH giving a prediction that these Siwalik deinotheriids were facing the physiological and/or ecological stresses during the Middle Miocene epoch of Pakistan. The higher frequency of EH in molars (30.30%) compared to premolars (21.05%) express that the individuals experienced a comparatively high stress at the adult stages of their lives. This higher magnitude of EH in molars supports the idea of ecological stressors, i.e., dietary, mating, disease, and predator-prey associations, amplify the likelihood of extinction by dint of EH occurrences. Keywords: enamel hypoplasia, Siwaliks, Middle Miocene, Proboscidea, Deinotherium, root crown junction
Una Fauna Local Lujanense (Pleistoceno Superior–Holoceno Inferior) del sur de Uruguay: Santa Regina, Departamento de Colonia
Authors: Perea Daniel , Badín Ana , Manzuetti Aldo , Montenegro Felipe , Silva Eva , Cocorel Eloísa , Batista Andrés , Corona Andrea , Verde Mariano , Ubilla Martín
Published: February 2022

A Lujanian Local Fauna (Upper Pleistocene–Lower Holocene) from southern Uruguay: Santa Regina, Colonia Department. On the southwestern coast of Uruguay, in the Colonia and San José departments, sedimentary rocks that correspond to the Neogene and Quaternary are found. Herein we describe the fossiliferous locality of Santa Regina, located on the east coast of the department of Colonia. The stratigraphic profile shows at the base grayish-green sandy rocks belonging to the Camacho Formation (Upper Miocene). Overlying this unit, there is a tough yellowish-greenish siltstone in net contact, in which several pieces of a Notiomastodon platensis specimen were found. Towards the upper part, a thicker greenish-brownish bed is observed, ranging upwards from conglomerates to siltstones. The lower part of this bed includes disarticulated and fragmentary remains of Lestodonarmatus, Glyptodon reticulatus, Pampatheriidae indet., Toxodon cf. T. platensis, Morenelaphus sp., and Lycalopex gymnocercus, and to the top large portions of carapaces of Glyptodon sp. and Panochthus sp. The aforementioned mastofaunistic assemblage corresponds to the Lujanian Mammal Age or regional Stage (Upper Pleistocene-Greenlandian). The lithostratigraphy allows us to refer the two upper levels to the Dolores Formation, a characteristic unit of the Quaternary of southern Uruguay, and not to the Raigón Formation, as indicated in some previous reports for this locality. The presence of Lestodon armatus, Glyptodon reticulatus, Notiomastodon platensis, Lycalopexgymnocercus, and the probable presence of Toxodon platensis, allow us to infer landscapes of open or semi-open areas, with a predominance of grasslands and shrubs during the genesis of the deposits. Keywords: LatePleistocene–Early Holocene, land mammals, stratigraphy, Uruguay.
Development of a predictive model for the shelf-life of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus)
Authors: Giarratana Filippo , Panebianco Felice , Nalbone Luca , Ziino Graziella , Valenti Davide , Giuffrida Alessandro
Published: February 2022

Despite its commercial value, the shelflife of the Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) during refrigerated storage was poorly investigated. In this regard, the Quality Index Method (QIM) was proposed as a suitable scoring system for freshness and quality sensorial estimation of fishery products. This study aims to develop a deterministic mathematical model based on dynamic temperatures conditions and a successive statistical analysis of the results obtained. This model will be exploited to predict the shelf-life of the Atlantic mackerel based on specific storage temperatures. A total of 60 fresh fishes were subdivided into two groups and respectively stored in ice for 12 days at a constant temperature of 1 0.5 C (Group A) and a fluctuating temperature ranging between 1 and 7 C (Group B). Microbiological analysis and sensory evaluation through the QIM were performed on each fish at regular time intervals. A critical value of 6 Log cfu/g of spoilage bacteria (mainly psychotropic) associated with a significant decay of the sensorial characteristics was exceeded after 9 days of storage for Group A and 3 days for Group B. A reliable prediction of fish freshness was obtained by modelling the QIM as a function of the spoilage bacteria behaviour. A coefficient β of correlation was determined to convert the spoilage bacteria load into a Quality Index score. The adoption of mathematical predictive models to assess microbial behaviour under different environmental conditions is an interesting tool for food industries to maximize production and reduce waste.
Presence of enteric bacterial pathogens in meat samples of wild boar hunted in Campania region, southern Italy
Authors: Peruzy Maria Francesca , Cristiano Daniela , Delibato Elisabetta , D'Alessio Nicola , Proroga Yolande T.R. , Capozza Rosaria Luana , Rippa Antonio , Murru Nicoletta
Published: February 2022

Wild boars can be infected with several foodborne pathogens which may be transmitted to humans through the consumption of their meat, but currently, data of their prevalence are still limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of enteric pathogens in wild boar meat samples killed in the Campania region. Twentyeight wild boar meat samples were analyzed for the detection of Salmonella spp, Y. enterocolitica, Campylobacter spp., and Shiga- Toxigenic E. coli. Salmonella spp. was detected and isolated in ten samples and after serotyping S. Veneziana, S. Kasenyi, S. Coeln, S. Manhattan, S. Thompson, and S. Stanleyville were identified. Twenty-one meat samples were found to be contaminated with Y. enterocolitica; in 6 samples the ystA and ystB genes were detected simultaneously, while in 15 only the ystB gene, which characterizes the bacteria belonging to the biotype 1A, was present. Shiga-Toxin producing E. coli was detected in 12 while Campylobacter spp was never detected. In conclusion, due to the high occurrence of pathogenic bacteria detected, the present research shows that wild boars are important reservoirs for foodborne zoonoses which may be transmitted to livestock and humans. This confirms the importance of controls throughout the wild boar supply chain. In the Campania region, checks are guaranteed by the Veterinarians who work within the “management and control plan for wild boar in the Campania region” which has the twofold objective of containing the increasingly invasive presence of this animal and guaranteeing greater safety, traceability, and transparency in the consumption of meat.
Evaluation of Serum Uric Acid Among New-Onset Primary Hypertension Patients – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ghali Rani , Maldar Arif , Patil Pournima , Khursheed Romana
Published: February 2022

Background:

Hypertension is associated with a myriad of confounding factors, out of which elevated serum uric acid (SUA) profile is of interest as a biomarker. Despite a handful of studies alluding to the seminal relationship between the two, its prevalence and correlation in the Indian context have not been adequately investigated. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between SUA levels and primary hypertension (HTN).

Materials and Methods:

This 1-year hospital-based cross-sectional study comprised 100 patients who were recently diagnosed with primary HTN and had not received antihypertensive medications, SUA levels and severity of HTN among patients were assessed along with their age, sex, body mass index, total cholesterol, and lipid profile. Results were statistically analyzed by Chi-square test, logistics regression, t-test/Welch t-test/Mann–Whitney U-test, and Pearson–Spearman rank correlation.

Results:

A strong correlation between SUA level with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients with primary HTN (r = 0.5046; P < 0.0001) was observed. The mean SBP (163.89 ± 9.99 mmHg) was significantly high (P < 0.001) in hyperuricemic patients, and raised SUA was noted in 38% of the cohort. Stage II hypertensive subjects of the 58–66 years age group were found to be a particularly vulnerable group (odds ratio of 32). History of diabetes mellitus, tobacco, and alcohol consumption showed a significant association with elevated SUA levels in males (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

One in every three primary hypertensive patients is likely to present with hyperuricemia, and there exists a pertinent association between elevated SUA levels with SBP.
Altmetric Scores in Conservation Science have Gender and Regional Biases
Authors: Chapman Colin A. , Hemingway Claire A. , Sarkar Dipto , Gogarten Jan F. , Stenseth Nils Chr.
Published: February 2022

There is a growing view in conservation science that traditional ways to evaluate publications, researchers, and projects are too slow. This has led to a rise in the use of altmetrics, which are metrics based on social media data, news pieces, blogs, and more. Here we examine altmetric data linked to nearly 10,000 papers published in 23 conservation journals, exploring five issues that represent some of the challenges associated with using social media data in evaluating conservation. We discuss whether social media activity reflects meaningful engagement, and how easily individuals can manipulate scores by using bots or simply through active personal networks or institutional promotion services. Our analysis shows a highly skewed distribution of altmetric scores where most papers have such low scores that the scores likely convey little meaningful information. Examining scores that would be considered meritorious, we find that papers where the first author was male have higher scores than papers led by a woman, suggesting a gender bias in altmetric scores. Finally, this data set reveals regional differences that correspond with access to different social media platforms. Metrics, like altmetrics, may have a role to play when making rapid evaluations. However, such metrics should only be used after careful deliberation and should not be influenced by institutions looking for shortcuts, by companies looking to advance profits, or by individuals seeking to promote themselves, rather than generating meaningful engagement in scholarship and conservation action. Scholarly and conservation activities should be judged on the quality of their contributions, which will require the input of experts and direct contact with impacted communities.
Psychometric Validation of the Korean Version of the Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs (CaSUN) Scale among Korean Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Survivors
Authors: Kang Danbee , Lee Genehee , Kim Sooyeon , Nam Heesu , Kong Sunga , Shim Sungkeun , Lee Jae Kyung , Jung Wonyoung , Shin Sumin , Kim Hong Kwan , Zo Jae Ill , Shim Young Mog , Shin Dong Wook , Cho Juhee
Published: February 2022

Purpose The purpose of the study was to validate the Korean version of Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs (CaSUN) scale among non–small cell lung cancer survivors.Materials and Methods Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, South Korea, from January to October 2020. Participants completed a survey questionnaire that included the CaSUN. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson’s correlations were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the CaSUN (CaSUN-K). We also tested known-group validity using an independent t test or ANOVA.Results In total, 949 provided informed consent and all of which completed the questionnaire. Among the 949 patients, 529 (55.7%) were male; the mean age and median time since the end of active treatment (standard deviation) was 63.4±8.8 years and the median was 18 months. Although the factor loadings were different from those for the original scale, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the six domains in the CaSUN-K ranged from 0.68 to 0.95, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. In the CFA, the goodness-of-fit indices for the CaSUN-K were high. Moderate correlations demonstrated the convergent validity of CaSUN-K with the relevant questionnaire. More than 60% of the participants reported information-related unmet needs, and the CaSUN-K discriminated between the needs reported by the different subgroups that we analyzed.Conclusion The CaSUN-K is a reliable and valid measure for assessing the unmet needs in a cancer population, thus this tool help population to receive timely, targeted, and relevant care.
A Review on Various Soft Computing and Swarm Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Rupinder Kaur, Vikas Kumar Garg and Shikha
Published: February 2022

This paper gives you the overview of the Soft computing techniques i.e. Genetic algorithm (GA), Artificial
neural networks (ANN) and some of Swarm Intelligence techniques i.e. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Ant Colony
Optimization (ACO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) etc. Soft Computing is
basically an optimization technique which helps to find the results of problems which are very difficult to
reply. It is the integration of methodologies which are planned to represent and find the solutions to real
world problems that are not represented or which are very hard to represent mathematically. Swarm
Intelligence (SI) can be defined as a subfield of Artificial Intelligence which is used to represent the
collaborative behavior of communal swarms in nature, such as ant colonies, honey bees, bird flocks, grey
wolves, fireflies and cuckoo search. The term swarm is used for the collection of animals such as fish schools,
bird flocks and insect colonies which use their sorroundings and services significantly to communicate by
mutual intelligence. In this paper, all these algorithms are discussed in brief
Gallego Losada, Rocío, Las pensiones en la economía digital. Retos y Reformas, Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2021
Authors: Salcedo Beltrán Carmen
Published: February 2022

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Gender discrimination (particularly) in wage matters: An analysis of the decision on the merits from the European Committee of Social Rights, University Women of Europe [UWE] v. Portugal, Complaint no. 136/2016
Authors: Rouxinol Milena , Ribeiro Ana Teresa
Published: February 2022

The article addresses the subject of gender pay gap, providing an in-depth analysis of the decision on the merits of the European Committee of Social Rights regarding complaint no. 136/2016, against Portugal. To this end, it renders an overview of the most relevant international and European provisions on this matter and an explanation of the Portuguese legal regime. The sociological and legal reasons for gender disparity are also discussed, as well as the difficulties associated with the implementation of the principle of equal pay. Finally, it analyses the Law of equal pay, recently introduced in the Portuguese legal order.
derecho a una vivienda digna como condición previa para el disfrute de otros derechos fundamentales. Comentarios a la decisión de fondo de la reclamación nº. 173/2018 Comisión internacional de juristas y Consejo europeo de refugiados y exiliados contra Grecia
Authors: Terradez Salom Daría
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo analiza la decisión de fondo de la reclamación nº 173/2018 Comisión internacional de juristas y Consejo europeo de refugiados y exiliados contra Grecia, poniendo un especial énfasis en el tratamiento que da el Comité Europeo de Derechos sociales al derecho a la vivienda, como garante de otros derechos sociales básicos.
García González, Guillermo, El síndrome del trabajador quemado (o burnout): dimensión jurídica laboral, preventiva y de seguridad social, Cizur Menor, Aranzadi, 2021
Authors: Moreno Solana Amanda
Published: February 2022

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aplicación de los derechos sociales de la Carta Social Europea: algunos aspectos de la experiencia belga
Authors: Vandamme François
Published: February 2022

Por el presente artículo, el autor trata de identificar los principales factores que influyen en el sistema social belga como resultado de tener en cuenta los derechos sociales garantizados por la Carta Social Europea. De hecho, esta influencia fue sólo marginal, ya que los pilares del sistema se desarrollaron en ausencia de disposiciones constitucionales sobre derechos sociales antes de 1994, y, por tanto, antes de la aplicación de la Carta, cuya ratificación fue tardía. Sin embargo, el país ha apoyado los protocolos así como la Carta revisada. Los principales factores que se retoman de forma selectiva son la jurisprudencia dentro de un sistema monista, que reconoce la primacía del derecho internacional y comunitario sobre el derecho interno, ciertas conclusiones del Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales fundamentadas en los informes periódicos del país, y ciertas decisiones del Comité a favor de las quejas colectivas contra Bélgica. El autor cree que la influencia de la legislación comunitaria fue más decisiva, porque era vinculante. El artículo analiza algunos de los efectos positivos y negativos de la aplicación concurrente de los dos sistemas normativos en los países afectados por la legislación de la UE y los derechos de la Carta. El autor sugiere que se debe seguir cooperando entre la UE y el Consejo de Europa para lograr una mayor interpenetración y convergencia de los derechos sociales. El artículo concluye con un alegato a favor de la utilización del procedimiento de reclamación colectiva como medio de democracia social en los países que lo aplican.
paso (necesario) más allá de la laboralidad. Análisis y valoración de la propuesta de directiva relativa a la mejora de las condiciones laborales en el trabajo en plataformas
Authors: Gil Otero Lidia
Published: February 2022

La construcción de una Europa Social renovada ha dado un paso más con la propuesta de Directiva del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo relativa a la mejora de las condiciones laborales en el trabajo en plataformas digitales. La medida destacada de esta propuesta es la introducción de una “presunción” de laboralidad de los trabajadores de plataformas digitales, a partir de la concurrencia de unos indicios de control por parte de las plataformas. A esta medida se le suma, además, el reconocimiento a los trabajadores de plataformas de derechos individuales y colectivos de gestión algorítmica, como el derecho de supervisión o el derecho de revisión humana de las decisiones automatizadas. A lo largo de este artículo se analizarán detenidamente las disposiciones de esta propuesta de directiva. Se destacarán sus posibles problemas de efectividad u operatividad, de cara a su modificación en el procedimiento legislativo, y su impacto en la transposición al ordenamiento español. Este estudio permitirá explicar cuál es la verdadera naturaleza jurídica de la “presunción” de laboralidad y sus implicaciones en la carga de la prueba, así como las mejoras que pueden introducir los derechos de gestión algorítmica de la propuesta respecto del RGPD y de la Ley Rider.
Tools of the Trade
Authors: Dor Yarit
Published: February 2022

Modesty garments and barriers are some of the tools used by intimacy professionals in scenes of physical intimacy. This equipment is, in my opinion, still the unspoken hero that helps me do my job, that gives performers a better sense of protection and a tool that supports and enhances consent based practices.

In the following paper, I will look at modesty garments and barriers I currently use in my practice. I will chart my own journey, discuss the development of INTIMASK, give examples of current vocabulary I use, and share a checklist. Get ready, this paper is long and I take full responsibility for that.

Writings about modesty garments and barriers are extremely scarce in books, academic research and many articles discuss them on a superficial level. And so it was difficult for me to edit sections and cut corners from the information I felt was needed. [...] This paper is written with some progression that makes sense to me and yet, I do think each section can also stand on its own. So please journey through it at your own pace and choosing.
Tolerance and reduction of Cr(VI) by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. thuringiensis and Paenibacillus sp., isolated from Pasto River
Authors: Pinta-Melo Jhonatan , Guerrero-Ceballos Deisy Lorena , Ibargüen-Mondragón Eduardo , Fernández-Izquierdo Pablo , Arrieta Jenny Dimelza Gómez , Burbano-Rosero Edith Mariela
Published: February 2022

The accumulation of heavy metals such as Cr(VI) in the environment is a growing problem; however, the isolation of the bacteria present in these contaminated sources can provide an alternative for their treatment. In this sense, this research evaluated in vitro the percentage reduction of Cr(VI) and the effect of three concentrations (25, 60, and 100 mg/L of Cr(VI)) on the growth of bacterial isolates E4M3 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens [MK561611], E4M15 Bacillus thuringiensis [MK561610], and Paenibacillus sp. [MK561612]. Statistical analysis determined that 59% of the variation in growth is attributed to the interaction of bacteria and concentration (P <0.05; η2 = 0.59). Likewise, statistically significant differences were observed between bacteria concerning the percentage of reduction of Cr(VI) (P <0.05; η2 = 0.98). The data found on the population density and the percentage of reduction coupled with mathematical approximations are related to the intrinsic metabolic conditions of the bacteria and the selective pressure conditions of the environment where they are found.
Data preservation and risk management in Management Information Systems
Authors: Chandrasena Sampath
Published: February 2022

Companies have indeed been able to cut down, widen their market coverage, as well as shape relatively close working relationships while working to improve client relationships thanks to technological processes. However, using the Internet has introduced new risks and concerns. This research highlighted the problems that CIOs and IT managers face in the field of the organization. It covers data security in its newest manifestation, effective management issues, safety disciplinary measures and methodologies, and more. Risks from cyberspace are also a concern. It also develops a threat classification model and also regulatory systems. It also employs a few explanations to develop a system for calculating the impact of security risks in a statistical sense. It entails determining the likelihood of successful information attacks.

The paper also evaluates the physical and perceived expenses of the known vulnerabilities, and some recommended control laws and simulation methods for measuring the injuries done by such infringements. This study as well begins to develop a five-stage risk mitigation system for evaluating incidents involving information management: 1- Appraisal of the resource's and application's worth; 2- Remotely exploitable and risk assessment; 3- Computation of threats-related losses and the advantages of preventive actions; 4- Choosing a surveillance system and; 5- A simulating different strategies. The research findings must aid judgment in deciding the best controls to reduce safety issue detriment. Finally, a few recommendations for further research have indeed been put in place to improve protection. Massive quantities of assets and analysis in organizations, as well as assessing the chance of successful potential attacks on these investments. This study created an overarching risk management system for security analysts, allowing them to better focus their efforts to include the most appropriate control measures. There are five parts to this scheme: Commodity and application value explanation, Vulnerability review, Loss arithmetic following complaints and advantages of control legislation, Done through a process collection, and Implementation different alternative appraisal. Fenceline routers, numerous different intrusion prevention, security systems, firewalls, and scheme records are identified as countermeasures for maybe the first danger; password protection and malware barcode readers have been identified as an effective control law again for Remotely exploitable and risk assessment; and eventually, an essential tool for managing, firewalls, and assertive methodologies are identified as effective control measures for denial - of - service.
Degradación química de pet y su metabolismo por consorcios fúngicos
Authors: Moreno Leticia Guadalupe Navarro , Es Químico Andrea Rangel Cordero , Hipólito Cirilo Nolasco , Collado Luis Felipe
Published: February 2022

Nuestro planeta se encuentra frente a un fenómeno de contaminación grave que desafortunadamente parece ser ya un proceso integral de nuestra vida cotidiana. El plástico, junto con otros contaminantes sólidos genera toneladas de residuos que ocasionan graves problemas en los ecosistemas acuáticos y terrestres porque no tienen una disposición correcta. Diariamente se escuchan noticias relacionadas con el daño que los plásticos causan a los seres vivos, especialmente a las especies marinas. Uno de los esfuerzos que se realizan para eliminar estos residuos es mediante procesos de reciclado. Dentro del reciclado se destaca la degradación química. El objetivo de este trabajo fue el de aislar e identificar mediante metodologías clásicas y de biología molecular especies microbianas capaces de crecer en una mezcla de compuestos resultantes de una degradación alcalina de plásticos de polietileno (PET). Los resultados muestran que los microorganismos aislados e identificados son en su mayoría hongos y levaduras. Por lo tanto, se iniciaron una serie de estudios tendientes a dilucidar como desarrollan capacidad para metabolizar compuestos resultantes de la degradación alcalina de PET como única fuente de carbono. Se observó que una de las formas de sobrevivir de los hongos y levaduras es mediante la conformación de consorcios microbianos para crecer bajo las condiciones de degradación y de los productos resultantes. En este trabajo se reporta el género y la especie de los hongos aislados.
Straf- und bußgeldrechtliche verantwortung von unternehmen, insbesondere im kartell-, datenschutz-und bankenaufsichtsrecht, de lege lata und de lege ferenda
Authors: Dannecker Gerhard
Published: February 2022

In the law of the European Union, liability for (administrative) fines (Geldbußen) has developed as a special sanction model for regulatory offences, first in the area of cartel law, now of data protection and banking supervisiory law, too. The criminal law systems for judicial persons in the EU member states are oriented towards the EU system of enterprise liability. This leads to problems, especially with regard to the sentencing and to procedural guarantees. The emerging path of convergence despite different sanction models – responsibility of enterprises versus responsability of judicial persons - should be continued in view of the punitive nature of the (administrative) fine.
The significance of executives in connection with the agreements restricting economic competition
Authors: Barta Judit
Published: February 2022

The essay analyzes the agreements restricting economic competition focusing on leaders (executive officers and senior management employees). What are the roles of leaders in the infringements committed by the companies, is their behaviour directly evaluated by the laws and legal practice and how will their personal responsibility develop? The research concentrates on the Hungarian case law, only looking at cases in the European Union law where there are no Hungarian results.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Auditor, Budaya Kerja, Dan Pengawasan Terhadap Kinerja Auditor Pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan
Authors: Abdullah Hashim A , Yamri Saipul
Published: February 2022

Kinerja auditor merupakan perwujudan kerja yang dilakukan untuk mencapai hasil kerja ke arah tercapainya tujuan organisasi. Kualitas audit yang dilaksanakan oleh aparat Inspektorat belum maksimal dimana masih banyaknya temuan audit yang tidak terdeteksi oleh aparat inspektorat sebagai auditor internal, akan tetapi ditemukan oleh auditor eksternal yaitu Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK). Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa kualitas laporan keuangan yang merupakan output dari kinerja Inspektorat selaku auditor internal Pemerintahan masih kurang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk  mengevaluasi dan menganalisis besarnya pengaruh kompetensi budaya kerja dan pengawasan secara simultan terhadap kinerja auditor Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran angket . Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah auditor pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan yang berjumlah 46 auditor. Analisis data menggunakan analisis korelasi dan regresi berganda.   Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) Kompetensi auditor mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja auditor pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 24,1%; 2) Budaya kerja mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja auditor pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 37,9%; 3) Pengawasan mempu.nyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja auditor pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 21,6%; 4) Kompetensi auditor, budaya kerja dan pengawasan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja auditor pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 54%. Dengan kata lain, semakin baik pelaksanaan ketiga variabel bebas tersebut, maka akan semakin meningkat kinerja auditor pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Perhubungan
The Christian Roots of Hungary’s Fundamental Law
Authors: Schanda Balázs
Published: February 2022

According to the statements made on the fifth anniversary of the Fundamental Law, the truly important question is what the chances are that the Fundamental Law will live to see its fiftieth anniversary. In this regard, the defining content is important and not the form: Will the essence that defines the nature of the Fundamental Law withstand the test of time? The identity of the Fundamental Law is determined by its commitment and not the various technical legal details. The substantive question remains the same on the tenth anniversary: Is it possible to preserve a vision of man based upon the harmony between individual freedom and responsibility for the community; and the commitment to the identity of the state and nation, the matters of the state, and marriage and the institution of family?
Christian Values and the Protection of the Family in the Romanian Constitution and the Case Law of the Romanian Constitutional Court
Authors: Varga Attila
Published: February 2022

The article starts from the hypothesis, which it seeks to prove, that legal systems, laws and especially constitutions are not value-neutral but rather defined by values. These values may be moral, political or religious. In Europe and the Western civilisation, a significant part of these values has been shaped by the Christian religion, culture, outlook on life and behaviour. As a narrower context, the article focuses on the moral and political values of the Romanian constitution, their Christian spirit and origin, and the related theoretical and constitutional interpretations. In the analysis, the author concentrates on human dignity, the free development of the human personality, and justice as the main values, as well as the fundamental rights related to them and the principles that define the organisation of the state. The influence of Christian values, thinking and perceptions can be seen in all of these. The author analyses in particular the Christian constitutional and civil law rules governing the family and the marriage on which it is based.
Concluding International Investment-Related Agreements with Non-EU Countries: Roles of the EU and Its Member States
Authors: Cristani Federica
Published: February 2022

The 2009 Lisbon Treaty has added an important exclusive competence for the European Union (EU) in the common commercial policy area, namely, foreign direct investment, thus making it a crucial actor in international investment protection. This has a huge impact on shaping international investment policy in Europe and has raised important questions, especially regarding the legal consequences of the EU’s exclusive competence in the negotiation process of international investment agreements (IIAs) with third countries. This article explores the role of the EU and its member states in negotiating and concluding IIAs with third countries. In the first part, the article illustrates when individual member states are authorized to conclude a new bilateral investment treaty with a third country, with a focus on the EU´s Regulation No 1219/2012 and its implementation. In the second part, the article questions what it means for the EU and its member states to conclude investment mixed agreements with third countries, how the negotiation processes are conducted, and what is the impact of the division of competences between the EU and its member states. The final part of the article shows the current issues of ius standi and financial responsibility in investment dispute settlement involving foreign investors, with a focus on the EU´s Regulation No 912/2014 and the negotiation processes of the EU with third countries.
Christian Values in the Constitutions of Serbia and Greece
Authors: Đukić Dalibor
Published: February 2022

Christian values are the foundation of modern European societies. Suffice it to say that the most important European philosophers and cultural movements have originated from Christian environments. The constitutional history and tradition of the majority of the European countries are proof of the strong influence of Christianity and Christian churches on the creation and constitutional organisation of the modern European states. The subject matter of this work is a comparative analysis of the current Constitution of the Republic of Serbia and the Constitution of Greece, with the aim of identifying the Christian values comprised in their constitutional provisions. This work has two fundamental hypotheses. The first one is that the constitutions of both these countries comprise a substantial number of constitutional norms with Christian origins and foundations. The second hypothesis is that the Constitution of Greece comprises more provisions that demonstrate close connections between the state and Christianity. This is a consequence of the fact that in Greece, there have been no interruptions in the continuity of the constitutional tradition, unlike the case with Serbia during the communist rule.
The Regulation on Cross-Border Land Acquisition in Poland
Authors: Blajer Paweł A.
Published: February 2022

The aim of this article is to present those regulations of Polish law that have the most significant impact on the phenomenon of cross-border land acquisition in Poland. This issue is currently one of the most intensively discussed questions, both at a political and a strictly theoretical level, primarily in the context of land grabbing. Without exaggeration, this problem has a decisive impact on the current shape of real estate trading in Poland. The implementation of the assumed research goal is carried out by the analysis of the basic protective instruments contained in the Act on the acquisition of real estate by foreigners, as well as in the Acts relating to the transactions concerning agricultural and forest land, i.e. in the Act on shaping the agricultural system and in the Act on forests. As a result of the research carried out in the article, it was indicated that today – in view of the diminishing importance of traditional protective instruments specified in the Act on the acquisition of real estate by foreigners – the most significant influence on the phenomenon of cross-border land acquisition in Poland have legal acts relating to the transactions concerning agricultural and forest land, which is the result of broadly defined definitions of "agricultural real estate" and "forestry land". In practice, these acts also significantly affect the acquisition of real estate located in cities, as well as real estate whose agricultural and forestry functions are more than questionable. The system of protection against uncontrolled purchase of real estate by foreigners in Poland, provided for in the above-mentioned legal acts, is relatively tight and comprehensive, and even complicated, which obviously influences the increased investment risk when acquiring real estate in Poland.
Intra-EU BITs in Light of the Achmea Decision
Authors: Korom Veronika
Published: February 2022

In its Achmea decision rendered in March 2018, the Court of Justice of the European Union declared that arbitration clauses contained in intra-EU bilateral investment treaties are incompatible with EU law. The Court’s judgment brought to an end the decade long legal battle between the Member States and the European Commission over the EU law compatibility of these treaties. In response to Achmea, the majority of Member States have agreed to terminate their treaties in order to eliminate the EU law incompatibility identified by the Court. At the same time, the political battle over the need for the special protection of cross-border investments in the EU continues. This paper looks back at the political and legal controversy that was sparked by intra-EU bilateral investment treaties and culminated in the Court’s Achmea judgment, and briefly discusses the practical consequences of Achmea for intra-EU investment protection.
Hubungan Usia Ibu Saat Hamil dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita di Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Pusmaika Rangga , Novfrida Yizri , Simatupang Erna Juliana , Djami Moudy E.U , Sumiyati Iis
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: Kondisi stunting pada masa depan mempengaruhi kualitas sumber daya manusia, yang akan berpengaruh pada Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). Usia Ibu saat hamil menjadi salah satu faktor risiko penyebab stunting pada anak. Stunting diakibatkan masalah gizi kompleks pada balita yang terjadi sejak kehamilan, salah satunya adalah kehamilan diusia remaja ataupun terlalu tua. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan usia ibu saat hamil dengan kejadian stunting di Kabupaten Tangerang.. Metode: Desain penelitian ini yaitu cross sectional dengan populasi adalah seluruh balita usia 0-5 tahun di desa Taban, Jambe, Tangerang dengan besar sampel 72 responden, diperoleh dengan teknik sytematic random sampling. Analisa Data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square. Hasil: Usia ibu saat hamil berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting (p=0,036). Kesimpulan: Pentingnya pemberian informasi mengenai stunting kepada masyarakat terutama pasangan yang merencanakan kehamilan untuk mempersiapakan fisik dan psikis sejak awal kehamilan dan meningkatkan pengetahuan pemberian nutrisi pada anak.

Background: Stunting conditions in the future affect the quality of human resources, which will affect the Human Development Index (HDI). Maternal age during pregnancy is one of the risk factors for stunting in children. Stunting is caused by complex nutritional problems in toddlers that have occurred since pregnancy, one of which is pregnancy at the age of teenagers or too old. Purpose: to determine the relationship between maternal age during pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in Tangerang Regency. Method: The design used a cross sectional design. The study population was all toddlers aged 0-5 years in Taban village, Jambe, Tangerang with a sample size of 72 respondents, obtained by systematic random sampling technique. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis with chi-square test. Results: The results of the study obtained that maternal age during pregnancy was associated with the incidence of stunting (p = 0.036). Conclusion: The importance of providing information about stunting to the public, especially couples planning a pregnancy to be able to prepare physically and psychologically from the beginning of pregnancy and increase knowledge of nutrition for children.
Livelihoods Characterization of a Small-Scale Fishing Community in the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Higinio Maldonado Jorge , Moreno-Sánchez Rocío del Pilar , Vargas-Morales Myriam Elizabeth , Leguízamo Emilio
Published: February 2022

Coastal communities depending on small-scale fisheries (SSFs) are poorly understood. Designing policies to address their vulnerabilities requires understanding the socioeconomic context in which SSFs operate. Unfortunately, that information is usually incomplete in developing countries. This study seeks to close this gap by examining the socio-demographics, assets, livelihood strategies, food security, and poverty levels of both fishing and non-fishing households in a fishing village in the Colombian Caribbean. The analysis follows the sustainable livelihoods approach. Our results show that: (i) SSFs play a double role in fishing households: self-consumption and income generation. (ii) SSFs play an essential role in food security for both fishing and non-fishing households. (iii) Livelihood diversification, including multispecies fishing and activities by household members in addition to the head, is key for diversifying risk and smoothing consumption. (iv) Fishing communities face significant restrictions in access to financial markets. (v) Although fishing households earn more income than non-fishing ones, they exhibit lower education and literacy. These results show that SSF is a buffer against the vulnerability of fishing communities. Strict conservation strategies might be necessary to sustain SSF, but these must be accompanied by alternative income sources, such as compensation schemes, social protection, or policies enabling alternative livelihoods.
JEL Codes: D13, I21, J22, J46, Q22, Q56