bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of influence of concrete material models on cyclic inelastic response of a concrete filled composite plate shear wall
Authors: Polat Erkan
Published: June 2020

A previously benchmarked finite element model of a previously tested composite plate shear wall-concrete filled (C-PSW/CF) was used to investigate the influence of three concrete material models on in-plane cyclic inelastic wall response, using LS-Dyna. The concrete material models considered were the Winfrith, KCC and CSCM, all available in LS-Dyna. Wall moment hysteresis, using the three concrete material models, were obtained and compared. Individual contribution of the steel and concrete to total base moment was investigated for each wall with the three concrete material models. The numerical results obtained using the KCC and CSCM were compared against the benchmarked results obtained using the Winfrith concrete material model. Moment contribution of the steel web and the steel boundary on total base moment of the steel part of the wall and moment contribution of the concrete web and concrete boundary on total base moment of the concrete part of the wall were individually investigated. The wall models with the KCC and CSCM concrete models were observed to cannot capture wall pinching which was captured by the Winfrith concrete model. The wall strength was overpredicted by the CSCM concrete model and predicted reasonably by the KCC concrete model. Average axial stress distribution of the infill concrete was obtained to investigate wall neutral axis and the maximum attained concrete strength using the three concrete models. Concrete axial stress distribution showed some level of confinement for the concrete models considered.
Acides aminés digestibles dans l’intestin. Le système AADI et les recommandations d’apport pour la vache laitière
Authors: RULQUIN H. , VERITE R. , GUINARD-FLAMENT J.
Published: June 2020

Le nouveau système AADI (acides aminés digestibles dans l’intestin) s’intègre au système PDI en estimant la composition en acides aminés des PDI. Pour ce faire, la valeur des aliments a été estimée à partir des fractions microbienne et alimentaire non dégradée dans le rumen, de la composition en acides aminés (AA) de ces deux fractions et de leur digestibilité. Cette estimation a été validée par rapport à la composition en AA de contenus digestifs provenant de 133 régimes. Cette étape de validation a montré qu’il était nécessaire d’ajuster l’estimation initiale pour prédire au mieux les mesures effectuées sur les animaux. Ce travail a permis d’élaborer une table de composition en neuf AADI pour près de 700 aliments. Ce système de prédiction a été utilisé pour établir les courbes des réponses des protéines du lait (quantité et taux) à différents niveaux d’apport de divers acides aminés indispensables. Les apports recommandés en lysine et en méthionine pour la vache laitière ont ainsi été évalués à 7,3 LysDI % PDIE et 2,5 MetDI % PDIE. Cependant, actuellement en pratique, l’attention peut se porter uniquement sur les situations où les apports sont inférieurs aux ’seuils critiques’ fixés à 6,8 LysDI % PDIE et à 2,1 MetDI % PDIE. Les recommandations pour les autres acides aminés indispensables sont nettement moins bien établies. Les valeurs possibles (% PDIE) seraient d’environ 2,5 à 3,2 % d’HisDI et d’au moins 8,8 % de LeuDI, l’histidine et la leucine étant susceptibles d’être également limitants dans certains cas.
Supplément : Tables des valeurs AADI des aliments des ruminants
Authors: RULQUIN H.
Published: June 2020

Ces tables donnent les valeurs AADI des aliments pour les neuf acides aminés indispensables. Ces valeurs ont été obtenues à partir d’une base de données de composition en acides aminés des matières premières et d’une série d’équations appliquées aux données des Tables de la valeur nutritive des aliments des ruminants (INRA 1988). Ces équations et la base de données sont présentées dans l’article de H. Rulquin, R. Vérité et J. Guinard-Flament (2001) : Acides aminés digestibles dans l’intestin. Le système AADI et les recommandations d’apport pour la vache laitière, INRA Prod. Anim., 14(4), 265-274.
Les caractéristiques et les numéros des aliments correspondent exactement à ceux figurant dans les Tables INRA 1988. Les valeurs AADI sont données en g pour 100 g de PDIE. Les teneurs en MAT et en PDI sont en g/kg de matière sèche.
ASSESSORIA DE IMPRENSA E O RELACIONAMENTO COM OS JORNALISTAS DE TV
Authors: Correia Clifton Morais , Porto Junior Francisco Gilson Rebouças
Published: June 2020

Esta pesquisa traz uma breve discussão sobre as expectativas dos assessorados sobre seus assessores no que se refere ao desenvolvimento de suas atividades, a ética e linha editorial de cada empresa, seja ela de assessoria ou das organizações dos jornais. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida abordando as características dos profissionais que desempenham as funções de assessor de imprensa e as de produtores de TV. Além disso, foi feita uma abordagem entre o significado de deadline, releases e como deve ser o relacionamento dos assessores com os profissionais de TV, relacionamento esse aliado às necessidades diárias de divulgação de informações o mais exatas possível.
 
PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Jornalismo; Assessoria de Imprensa; Jornalistas; Empresas jornalísticas.
 
ABSTRACT
This research brings a brief discussion about the expectations of the advisors about their advisors with regard to the development of their activities, the ethics and editorial line of each company, be it advisory or the organizations of newspapers. The research was developed addressing the characteristics of the professionals who perform the functions of press officer and those of TV producers. In addition, an approach was taken between the meaning of deadline, releases and how the relationship between advisors and TV professionals should be, a relationship that allied to the daily needs of disclosing information as accurately as possible.
 
KEYWORDS: Journalism; Press office; Journalists; Newspaper companies.
 
 
RESUMEN
Esta investigación trae una breve discusión sobre las expectativas de los asesores sobre sus asesores con respecto al desarrollo de sus actividades, la ética y la línea editorial de cada empresa, ya sea de asesoramiento u organizaciones de periódicos. La investigación se desarrolló abordando las características de los profesionales que desempeñan las funciones de responsable de prensa y las de los productores de televisión. Además, se adoptó un enfoque entre el significado de la fecha límite, los comunicados y cómo debería ser la relación entre asesores y profesionales de la televisión, una relación que se alió a las necesidades diarias de revelar información con la mayor precisión posible.
 
PALABRAS CLAVE: Periodismo; Oficina de prensa; Periodistas Compañías de periódicos.
DISCURSO DE FACÇÃO E NÃO DE FICÇÃO: A ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO DO PODER PARALELO NO TOCANTINS – BRASIL
Authors: BRAVIN PONCHE STHEFAN
Published: June 2020

Esta pesquisa de maneira bastante pontual se propõe a mostrar como a Análise do Discurso (AD) é um instrumento indispensável de contribuição no enfrentamento do Estado Democrático de Direito ao Poder Paralelo, mais especificamente ao Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) e ao Comando Vermelho (CV), organizações rivais atualmente, que agem dentro e fora dos principais presídios tocantinenses imbuídas também pelas ocultas e micro relações de poder causadas pelo lucro exponencial oriundo do tráfico de drogas e assaltos a instituições financeiras. O objeto em análise é uma carta apócrifa – Salve Geral de 27/08/2016 do PCC – em que os líderes dessa facção no Tocantins, denominados de sintonia final, determinam o rompimento com o CV; isto é, a partir desse salve; tem-se a ruptura entre os principais poderes paralelos instituídos no Tocantins, dando-nos a amalgama para a imersão ao aparato descritivo e interpretativo na linguagem presente que, para muitos, é tida como mera ficção. Deixando, então, patente que o discurso é de facção e não de ficção.
The Study of Ma‘Ani Al-Hadis Towards Predictive Hadiths of Authoritarianism and the Moral Crisis
Authors: Sagirah Sitti
Published: June 2020

Prophet Prediction is a tanabuāt which is related to his prophetic task for the events that have not yet occurred, but the occurrence can be sooner or later, and the event is certainly inseparable from the sociological conditions of the dinamical and developing society. To understand the hadith of the Prophet which is predictive, it needs to focus on various aspects, it starts from the semantic context and the linguistic structure of the hadith text, the appearance of the hadith, the position of the Prophet when delivering the hadith, the context of the mukhathab that followed the Prophet and how to connect the hadith text of the past to the present context. Therefore, it can capture meaning precisely, without forgetting its relevance to the contemporary dynamic context. The hadith of Sahih Muslim from Abu Hirairah which mentions two grups including the inhabitants of hell, predicts the occurrence of arbitrariness, injustice, and the moral crisis of political rulers who have impartial policies for the welfare of the people, and the existence of women who are increasingly brave to stimulate lust, and people who turn away from the big problems that are being faced.
Kitab "Al-Balaghah fi Ilmi Al-Badii'" wa Munasibatuhu Ka Kitabi Ta'limi Al-Balaghah lilshofi As-Sadisi bi Ma'had Darussalam Gontor Al-Hadisti Al-Muaddali bil Shoffi Ats-Tsalis Lilmarhalah Al-Mutawashithah
Authors: Muttaqin Imam , Pimada Luluk Humairo , Bakhet Bakrie Mochammad
Published: June 2020

The article aims to evaluate book of Balaghoh fi Ilmi al-Badhi’ by reviewing the elements of the content and the suitability to the condition and needs of Arabic language students in Indonesia. This book has been used in Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Ponorogo and several branch houses for learning the material of Balaghoh fi Ilmi al-Badhi’ in general. This study will explain some criteria that are the basis for the evaluation process. Based on the research results, the researcher obtained an important point, namely this book is suitable for use by middle-level teachers, especially for sixth grade students (at Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Ponorogo and some branch houses). This book is used in learning so that the students can learn Balaghoh easily and gradually.
The Character Building Concept for Teenagers in the Qur’an; Analytical Study of Musa As Story
Authors: Binti Ramli Angraini , Elatrash Radwan Jamal
Published: June 2020

The moral decadency and its degradation specifically in teenagers considered as worldwide problem nowadays. Many other cases occurred as the result of ignorance from parents, community and all those who are responsible in their upbringing and building their character such as harassment, bullying cases between teenagers and low ethic association between them. Being captivated by gender stereotypes leads to inequality and inbalance which resulted low and poor character. The duty of Prophet Muhammad saw for being sent down to people in beautifying their morals is in harmony with character building concepts mentioned in al-Qur’an. This paper analyses interactions between Musa As and the daughters of Prophet Syu’aib from surah al-Qasas which told about how to interact between genders and the balance personalities and character they owned. This research results that the perfections of Akhlāq and morals which is a symbolic of the beauty of akhlāqalso the most important point in obtaining a high quality of life.
Antioxidant activity of selected parts of Prunus domestica L. harvested at two ripening stages
Authors: Nowak Anna , Szatan Dominika , Zielonka-Brzezicka Joanna , Florkowska Katarzyna , Muzykiewicz Anna , Klimowicz Adam
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Oxidative stress caused by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the main reason behind many civilization diseases. The fruits and leaves of Prunus domestica L. contain antioxidants such as vitamins, polyphenols (including flavonoids) and organic acids.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content of extracts of leaves and fruits of the plum harvested in 2 ripening phases.

Materials and methods: Antioxidative activity was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) – ABTS methods, and total polyphenol content by Folin–Ciocalteu technique. Extracts in 40%, 70% and 96% (v/v) of ethanol as well as 99.8% (v/v) methanol were used. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was applied for 15, 30 and 60 min.

Results: The antioxidant potential of the extracts, measured by DPPH method, was highest for leaf methanolic extracts of plum harvested before ripening (3.83 ±0.01 mg trolox/g of raw material), while for the ABTS method, highest activity was found in the fruit peel extract in methanol (12.89 ±0.04 mg trolox/g raw material). The highest polyphenol levels (5.89 ±0.16, 6.06 ±0.09 and 5.76 ±0.13 mg gallic acid/g raw material) were found in the extracts of leaves harvested at fruit ripening stage, prepared in 70% (30 and 60 min) ethanol and 40% ethanol (60 min), respectively.

Conclusion: The alcohol based extracts from the leaves and fruit of Prunus domestica L. were characterized by high anti-oxidant potential, which suggests the possibility of their use as a valuable source of antioxidants. Ethanol seems to be the most appropriate extractant.
How methodological frameworks are being developed: Evidence from a scoping review
Authors: McMeekin Nicola , Wu Olivia , Germeni Evi , Briggs A
Published: June 2020

Background Although the benefits of using methodological frameworks are increasingly recognised, to date, there is no formal definition of what constitutes a ‘methodological framework’, nor is there any published guidance on how to develop one. For the purposes of this study we have defined a methodological framework as a structured guide to completing a process or procedure. This study’s aims are to: (a) map the existing landscape on the use of methodological frameworks; (b) identify approaches used for the development of methodological frameworks and terminology used; and (c) provide suggestions for developing future methodological frameworks. We took a broad view and did not limit our study to methodological frameworks in research and academia. Methods A scoping review was conducted, drawing on Arksey and O’Malley’s methods and more recent guidance. We systematically searched two major electronic databases (MEDLINE and Web of Science), as well as grey literature sources and the reference lists and citations of all relevant papers. Study characteristics and approaches used for development of methodological frameworks were extracted from included studies. Descriptive analysis was conducted.Results We included a total of 30 studies, representing a wide range of subject areas. The most commonly reported approach for developing a methodological framework was ‘Based on existing methods and guidelines’ (66.7%), followed by ‘Refined and validated’ (33.3%), ‘Experience and expertise’ (30.0%), ‘Literature review’ (26.7%), ‘Data synthesis and amalgamation’ (23.3%), ‘Data extraction’ (10.0%), ‘Iteratively developed’ (6.7%) and ‘Lab work results’ (3.3%). There was no consistent use of terminology; diverse terms for methodological framework were used across and, interchangeably, within studies.Conclusions Although no formal guidance exists on how to develop a methodological framework, this scoping review found an overall consensus in approaches used, which can be broadly divided into three phases: (a) identifying data to inform the methodological framework; (b) developing the methodological framework; and (c) validating, testing and refining the methodological framework. Based on these phases, we provide suggestions to facilitate the development of future methodological frameworks.Trial registration: Not applicable
Prevalence and associations of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, northern Ethiopia
Authors: Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Abebe Ayele Mamo , Tegegne Kirubel Dagnaw , Getu Mikiyas Amare , Bihonegn Woldemichael Tadesse
Published: June 2020

Background: Trachoma is a neglected eye disease and an important cause of preventable corneal blindness. In endemic areas, initial infection can occur in early childhood and following recurrent episodes, it progresses to scarring and visual impairment. Trachoma disappeared from developed countries through enhancements of hygiene and sanitation but the disease is still a challenge in developing countries. In Ethiopia, data indicate that Amhara is the region with the highest prevalence of active trachoma. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associations of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, Amhara region, Ethiopia.Methods: In this study, 596 children were screened for signs of active trachoma by using cluster-sampling technique. Following pre-testing of the survey instrument in a different district, questions about socio-demographic status were delivered for heads of households. Integrated eye care workers, previously trained to undertake trachoma screening for one month, performed eye examination. The logistic regression model was used to look for associations of active trachoma.Results: The prevalence of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district was 22%. Low economic status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.8 (95% CI 1.3–11.4), being 37– 48 months old (4.2; 1.5–12.0), living in a house with thatched roof (4.4;1.4–13.6), presence of flies in a home (4.6;2.1–9.9), once-weekly face-washing frequency (8.6;2.5–29.3), having a face that had not been washed for longer than a week (10.6;2.9–37.7), and not using soap (4.5;1.8–11.3) had association to active trachomaConclusion: The prevalence of active trachoma among rural pre-school children in Wadla district was high. This indicates that Trachoma is still a public health problem in the district. This high prevalence calls for further interventions to prevent future trachomatis blindness.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of multiple C2 domains and transmembrane region proteins in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Hao Pengbo , Wang Hantao , Ma Liang , Wu Aimin , Chen Pengyun , Cheng Shuaishuai , Wei Hengling , Yu Shuxun
Published: June 2020

Background: Multiple C2 domains and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs) may act as transport mediators of other regulators. Although increased number of MCTPs in higher plants implies their diverse and specific functions in plant growth and development, only a few plant MCTPs have been studied and no study on the MCTPs in cotton has been reported.Results: In this study, we identified 31 MCTPs in G. hirsutum, which were classified into five subfamilies according to the phylogenetic analysis. GhMCTPs from subfamily V exhibited isoelectric points (pIs) less than 7, whereas GhMCTPs from subfamily I, II, III and IV exhibited pIs more than 7.5, implying their distinct biological functions. In addition, GhMCTPs within subfamily III, IV and V exhibited more diverse physicochemical properties, domain architectures and expression patterns than GhMCTPs within subfamily I and II, suggesting that GhMCTPs within subfamily III, IV and V diverged to perform more diverse and specific functions. Analyses of conserved motifs and pIs indicated that the N-terminus was more divergent than the C-terminus and GhMCTPs’ functional divergence might be mainly contributed by the N-terminus. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that the N-terminus was responsible to interact with target proteins. Phylogenetic analysis classified multiple N-terminal C2 domains into four subclades, suggesting that these C2 domains performed different molecular functions in mediating the transport of target proteins.Conclusions: Our systematic characterization of MCTPs in G. hirsutum will provide helpful information to further research GhMCTPs’ molecular roles in mediating other regulators’ transport to coordinate growth and development of various cotton tissues.
Profit distribution and managers’ behaviour in vertical integrated medical delivery systems – An experimental economics study
Authors: Bo Yunque , Qi Miaojie , Liu Siyu , Cui Jiyu , Han Youli
Published: June 2020

Background: The vertical integration of medical delivery systems (VIMDSs) is a reform direction both in China and worldwide. We conducted a controlled economic experiment to explore decision-making by managers of medical institutions with respect to profits and what influences the distribution mechanism in VIMDSs.Methods: Students and hospital staff were recruited to make choices regarding the role of directors of institutions. z-Tree software was used to design the experimental program. Ninety-six subjects participated in the experiment. We gathered 479 valid contracts.Results: Of the subjects, 66.39% chose flexible contracts. The median of the bidding distribution rate to community health service centres of all auctions was 18.50%. The final distribution rate was approximately 3 percentage points higher than the bidding distribution rate. The median effort level was 9.00. There was a significant correlation between the improvement rate and the choice of effort level (P＜0.05) in flexible contracts.Conclusions: Hospital managers have a preference for flexible contracts because of uncertainty in the medical system. A community health service centre director may behave perfunctorily by engaging in shading in the integration. Flexible contracts and sharing rates beyond the participants’ expectations motivate managers to engage in more cooperative behaviours.
Comparative Study of Imaging and Histology of Sacroiliac Joint in Normal Rats Based on IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI
Authors: Qin Jian , Yao Qianqian , Ge Xubo , Zhu Jianzhong , Yin Zhaoliang , Li Xiaoqian , Li changqin
Published: June 2020

Background: Currently, few studies have described the relationship between functional MRI findings and histology of normal sacroiliac joint (SIJ). Besides, due to the difficulties in access to SIJ, authentic animal models are important in providing opportunities for quantitative parameter extraction on imaging.Aims: This study aimed at exploring the parameters of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (IVIM-DWI) and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) and comparing them with the histology of the SIJ in normal rats with different ages.Methods: A total of thirty 7-week-old male Wistar rats were included in the study. The parameters of IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI in the bone marrow and the joint space of SIJ were measured at 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, and 33 weeks. The histological analysis of the SIJ was examined using light microscopy. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results: The D values in the sacral and iliac bone marrow of normal rats decreased with an increase in age. One-way ANOVA analysis indicated a significant difference in D values in different age groups (P＜0.005). The normal values of D*, f, Fenh (%), Senh (%/s) in the sacral bone marrow, the iliac bone marrow, and the joint space in SIJ of normal rats were obtained. The results showed that in the six groups of rats of different ages, the histology of the SIJ surface was smooth and clear, the cartilage cells were intact, and no thickening or pannus formation was observed. Conclusions: This study obtained the IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI parameters of the sacral and iliac bone marrow and the synovial area of the joint space in normal rats. The parameters in normal rats can be used in future research to compare to similar parameters in animal models or patients with SIJ diseases. This study serves as a guide for future research in SIJ diseases.
Applying an intersectionality lens to the Theoretical Domains Framework: a tool for thinking about how intersecting social identities and structures of power influence behaviour
Authors: Etherington Nicole , Rodrigues Isabel Braganca , Giangregorio Lora , Graham Ian D. , Hoens Alison M , Kasperavicius Danielle , Kelly Christine , Moore Julia E. , Ponzano Matteo , Presseau Justin , Sibley Kathryn M. , Straus Sharon
Published: June 2020

Background: A key component of the implementation process is identifying potential barriers and facilitators that need to be addressed. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) is one of the most commonly used frameworks for this purpose. When applying the TDF, it is critical to understand the context in which behaviours occur. Intersectionality, which accounts for the interface between social identity factors (e.g. age, gender) and structures of power (e.g. ageism, sexism), offers a novel approach to understanding how context shapes individual decision-making and behaviour. We aimed to develop a tool to be used alongside applications of the TDF to incorporate an intersectionality lens when identifying implementation barriers and enablers. Methods: An interdisciplinary Framework Committee (n=17) prioritized the TDF as one of three models, theories, and frameworks (MTFs) to enhance with an intersectional lens through a modified Delphi approach. In collaboration with the wider Framework Committee, a subgroup considered all 14 TDF domains and iteratively developed recommendations for incorporating intersectionality considerations within the TDF and its domains. An iterative approach aimed at building consensus was used to finalize recommendations.Results: Consensus on how to apply an intersectionality lens to the TDF was achieved after 12 rounds of revision. Two overarching considerations for using the intersectionality alongside the TDF were developed by the group as well as two to four prompts for each TDF domain to guide interview topic guides. Considerations and prompts were designed to assist users to reflect on how individual identities and structures of power may play a role in barriers and facilitators to behaviour change and subsequent intervention implementation. Conclusions: Through an expert-consensus approach, we developed a tool for applying an intersectionality lens alongside the TDF. Considering the role of intersecting social factors when identifying barriers and facilitators to implementing research evidence may result in more targeted and effective interventions that better reflect the realities of those involved.
Expression of mitochondrial protein genes encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes correlate with energy metabolism in dairy cattle
Authors: Dorji Jigme , Jagt Christy J. Vander , Garner Josie B. , Marett Leah C. , Mason Brett , Reich Coralie M. , Xiang Ruidong , Clark Emily L. , Cocks Benjamin G. , Chamberlain Amanda J. , MacLeod Iona M. , Daetwyler Hans D.
Published: June 2020

Background: Mutations in the mitochondrial genome have been implicated in mitochondrial disease, often characterised by impaired cellular energy metabolism. Cellular energy metabolism in mitochondria involves mitochondrial proteins (MP) from both the nuclear (NuMP) and mitochondrial (MtMP) genomes. The expression of MP genes in tissues may be tissue specific to meet varying specific energy demands across the tissues. Currently, the characteristics of MP gene expression in tissues of dairy cattle are not well understood. In this study, we profile the expression of MP genes in 29 adult and six foetal tissues in dairy cattle using RNA sequencing and gene expression analyses: particularly differential gene expression and co-expression network analyses. Results: MP genes were differentially expressed (DE; over-expressed or under-expressed) across tissues in cattle. All 29 tissues showed DE NuMP genes in varying proportions of over-expression and under-expression. On the other hand, DE of MtMP genes was observed in <50% of tissues and notably MtMP genes within a tissue was either all over-expressed or all under-expressed. A high proportion of NuMP (up to 60%) and MtMP ( up to 100%) genes were over-expressed in tissues with expected high metabolic demand; heart, skeletal muscles and tongue, and under-expressed (up to 45% of NuMP, 77% of MtMP genes) in tissues with expected low metabolic rates; leukocytes, thymus, and lymph nodes. These tissues also invariably had the expression of all MtMP genes in the direction of dominant NuMP genes expression. The NuMP and MtMP genes were highly co-expressed across tissues and co-expression of genes in a cluster were non-random and functionally enriched for energy generation pathways. The differential gene expression and co-expression patterns were validated in independent cow and sheep datasets. Conclusions : The results of this study support the concept that there are biological interaction of MP genes from the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes given their over-expression in tissues with high energy demand and co-expression in tissues. This highlights the importance of considering MP genes from both genomes in future studies related to mitochondrial functions and traits related to energy metabolism.
A tracheostomy shared decision-making program in respiratory care center patients in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Chienhsiu , Chen Ihung
Published: June 2020

Background: We applied tracheostomy shared decision-making program for respiratory care center prolonged mechanical ventilation patients. The purpose of this study is to help patients and family members to have an understanding of both the methods of tracheostomy and endotracheal tube. We can then compare the prognostic differences between patients in the program who receive tracheostomy and who continue to maintain endotracheal tube. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The study was performed at the respiratory care center of Dalin Tzu chi hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. We set up a tracheostomy decision-making program. The medical team identified eligible patients. We conduct semi-structured interviews to individual family members. We tracked the survival of each patient and confirmed the satisfaction of the patient or family members with taking part of the tracheostomy shared decision-making program in January 2020. Data of patients who participated in tracheostomy shared decision-making program were collected and analyzed. Results: Fifty-seven respiratory care center patients attended the tracheostomy shared decision-making program. At the end of the study, 37 patients underwent tracheostomy (64.9%), and 20 patients maintained endotracheal tube intubation (35.1%). There was no significant difference in the factors of concern and the degree of concern regarding the methods of treatment in the two groups of patients. Patients or family members of the two groups have a good understanding of the two methods of treatment. The survival rate of patients undergoing tracheostomy was 86.5% and 86.5% of participants believed that they made an optimal decision based on the result of the tracheostomy shared decision-making program. The survival rate of patients who maintained endotracheal tube intubation was 40%, and the all of participants believed that they made an optimal decision based on the result of the tracheostomy shared decision-making program. Patients who underwent tracheostomy have a favorable survival rate. Conclusions: The clinical application of tracheostomy shared decision-making program ensures that patients and family members have a clearer understanding of the methods of tracheostomy and endotracheal tube treatment. Overall, 91.2% of the participants believed that they made an optimal decision despite of the end result.
Mini-midvastus versus medial parapatellar approach in total knee arthroplasty: Difference in patient-reported outcomes measured with the Forgotten Joint Score
Authors: Lin Wei , Niu Jinghui , Dai Yike , Yang Guangmin , Li Ming , Wang Fei
Published: June 2020

Background: Low knee awareness after minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become the ultimate target of a natural-feeling knee that meets patient expectations. The objective of this research was to compare the clinical outcomes of TKA via the mini-midvastus (MMV) approach or the medial parapatellar (MPP) approach, and to evaluate which approach can lead to a better quality of life after surgery.Methods: From January 2015 to December 2016, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in 330 patients who underwent TKA via a mini-midvastus (MMV) approach. During this period, we also selected 330 patients who underwent TKA via a medial parapatellar (MPP) approach (MPP group) for comparison. Clinical results were assessed with the visual analog scale score for pain, range of motion, and the Knee Society Score. The Forgotten Joint Score was used to analyze the ability to forget the joint. Results: There were significant differences with regard to visual analog scale score, range of motion, and the Knee Society Score until 6 months after surgery between the MMV and MPP groups (p < 0.05), but the differences were not significant at 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months after surgery. However, there were significant differences in the Forgotten Joint Score between the groups during the follow-up period (p < 0.05).Conclusion: When forgetting the artificial joint after TKA is the ultimate target, better quality of life can be acquired by performing TKA via the MMV approach. In addition, compared with the MPP approach, the MMV approach can offer less pain and a faster recovery.
A novel bacterial β- N -acetyl glucosaminidase from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis possessing transglycosylation and reverse hydrolysis activities
Authors: Zhang Alei , Mo Xiaofang , Zhou Ning , Wang Yingying , Wei Guoguang , Chen Jie , Chen Kequan , Ouyang Pingkai
Published: June 2020

Background: N -acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) and N -acetyl chitooligosaccharides ( N -acetyl COSs) exhibit many biological activities, and have been widely used in the pharmaceutical, agriculture, food, and chemical industries. Particularly, higher N -acetyl COSs with degree of polymerization from 4 to 7 ((GlcNAc) 4 −(GlcNAc) 7 ) show good antitumor and antimicrobial activity, as well as possessing strong stimulating activity towards natural killer cells. Thus, it is of great significance to discover a β- N -acetyl glucosaminidase (NAGase) that can not only produce GlcNAc, but also synthesize higher N -acetyl COSs. Results: The gene encoding the novel β- N -acetyl glucosaminidase, designated C m NAGase, was cloned from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1. The deduced amino acid sequence of C m NAGase contains a glycoside hydrolase family 20 catalytic module that shows low identity with the corresponding domain of the well-characterized NAGases. The C m NAGase gene was highly expressed with an active form in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The specific activity of purified C m NAGase toward p -nitrophenyl- N -acetyl glucosaminide ( p NP-GlcNAc) was 4,878.6 U/mg of protein. C m NAGase had a molecular mass of 92 kDa, and its optimum activity was at pH 5.4 and 40ºC. The V max , K m , K cat , and K cat / K m of C m NAGase for p NP-GlcNAc were 16,666.67 μmol min -1 mg -1 , 0.50 μmol mL -1 , 25,555.56 s -1 , and 51,111.12 mL μmol -1 s -1 , respectively. Analysis of the hydrolysis products of N -acetyl COSs and colloidal chitin revealed that C m NAGase is a typical exo-acting NAGase. Particularly, C m NAGase can synthesize higher N -acetyl COSs ((GlcNAc) 3 −(GlcNAc) 7 ) from (GlcNAc) 2 −(GlcNAc) 6 , respectively, showed that it possesses transglycosylation activity. In addition, C m NAGase also has reverse hydrolysis activity toward GlcNAc, synthesizing various linked GlcNAc dimers. Conclusion s : The observations recorded in this study that C m NAGase is a novel NAGase with exo-acting, transglycosylation, and reverse hydrolysis activities, suggests a possible application in the production of GlcNAc or higher N -acetyl COSs.
Transcriptome sequencing and metabolome analysis of food habits domestication from live prey fish to artificial diets in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)
Authors: He Shan , You Jun-Jie , Liang Xu-Fang , Zhang Zhi-Lu , Zhang Yan-Peng
Published: June 2020

Background
As economical traits, food habits domestication can reduce production cost in aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanism underlying food habits domestication has remained elusive. Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) only feed on live prey fish and refuse artificial diets. In the present study, we domesticated mandarin fish to feed on artificial diets. The two groups were obtained, the fish did not eat artificial diets or ate artificial diets during all of the three domestication processes, named Group W or X, respectively.
Results
Using transcriptome and metabolome analysis, we investigated the differentially expressed genes and metabolites between the two groups, and found three common pathways related to food habit domestication, including retinol metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathways. Furthermore, the western blotting and bisulfite sequencing PCR analysis were performed. The gene expression of TFIIF and histone methyltransferases ezh1 were significantly increased and decreased in the fish of Group X, respectively. The total DNA methylation levels of TFIIF gene and tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) were significantly higher and lower in the fish of Group X, respectively.
Conclusion
It was speculated that mandarin fish which could feed on artificial diets, might be attributed to the lower expression of ezh1, resulting in the decreased level of H3K27me3 and increased level of DNA methylation of TFIIF gene. The high expression of TFIIF gene might up-regulate the expression of genes in retinol metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism and glycerophosphoric metabolism pathways. Our study indicated the relationship between the methylation of DNA and histone and food habits domestication, which might be a novel molecular mechanism of food habits domestication in animals.
Intravenous lidocaine to prevent endothelial dysfunction after major abdominal surgery: A randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Pustetto Marco , GOLDSZTEJN Nicolas , TOUIHRI Karim , ENGELMAN Edgard , ICKX Brigitte , Obbergh Luc Van
Published: June 2020

Background. Major abdominal surgery is associated with endothelial glycocalyx disruption. The anti-inflammatory effects of lidocaine were recently associated with endothelial barrier protection.Methods. This was a single-centre, parallel group, randomized, controlled, double blind, pilot trial. Forty adult patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery were included between December 2016 and March 2017 in the setting of a University Hospital in Brussels (Belgium); reasons for non-inclusion were planned liver resection and conditions associated to increased risk of local anesthetics systemic toxicity. Patients were randomized to receive either lidocaine by continuous intravenous administration or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline. The primary endpoint was the postoperative syndecan-1 concentration (difference between groups). Near-infrared spectroscopy of the thenar eminence in association with the vascular occlusion test, and contemporary analysis of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery were the secondary outcomes, along with haemodynamic data. Blood samples and data were collected before surgery (T0), and at 1–3 h (T1) and 24 h (T2) post-surgery.Results. Syndecan-1 concentration increased significantly post-surgery (P<0.001), but without any difference between groups. The near-infrared spectroscopy-derived and flow-mediated dilation-derived variables showed minor changes unrelated to group assignment. Compared with the placebo group, the intervention group had a significantly lower peri-operative mean arterial pressure and cardiac index, despite equally conducted goal-directed haemodynamic management. Postoperative lactate concentrations were similar between groups.Conclusions. Lidocaine failed to have any effect on endothelial function. Since in comparisons to other types of clinical situations, syndecan-1 was only slightly upregulated, endothelial dysfunction after major abdominal surgery might be overestimated.
Virulence factors and molecular characteristics of Shigella flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Wang Weiwei , Cao Mingze , Liu Guanhui , Zhou Xuzheng , Li Bing , Shi Yuxiang , Zhang Jiyu
Published: June 2020

Background

The natural hosts of Shigella are conventionally humans and other primates; however, the host range of Shigella has been shown to expand to many animals. Although Shigella is becoming a huge threat to animals, there is limited information on the genetic background of local strains. The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of virulence factors and the molecular characteristics of S. flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea.
Results

Fifty-four S. flexneri isolates possessed four typical biochemical characteristics of Shigella. The prevalences of ipaH, virA, ipaBCD, ial, sen, set1A, set1B and stx were 100%, 100%, 77.78%, 79.63%, 48.15%, 48.15% and 0, respectively. MLVA based on 8 VNTR loci discriminated the isolates into 39 different MTs, PFGE based on NotI digestion divided the 54 isolates into 31 PTs, and MLST based on 15 housekeeping genes differentiated the isolates into 7 STs.
Conclusion

Our findings of this study have enriched our knowledge of the molecular characteristics of S. flexneri collected from diarrheal calves, which will be important for addressing clinical and epidemiological issues regarding Shigellosis.
Influence of culture conditions on the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by Arthrospira platensis
Authors: Silva Mariana Barbalho , Azero Edwin G. , Teixeira Cláudia M. L. L. , Andrade Cristina T.
Published: June 2020

Arthrospira platensis is a cyanobacterium that exhibits a large biotechnological interest for the food industry because of its high protein content, pigments, lipids and carbohydrates. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are co-products of secondary metabolism that may present thickening or gelling property. A 3-level factorial design was used to study the combined effect of different nitrate concentrations and photon flux density (PFD) to evaluate the biomass and EPS production by Arthrospira platensis. The best result for biomass production was obtained under condition 6 (2 g.L-1 NaNO3 and 600 µE.m-2s-1) leading a biomass concentration of 1.292 mg.L-1. Condition 1 (0.25 g.L-1NaNO3 and 200 µE.m-2s-1) produced the major EPS yield (111 mg.g-1) followed by condition 9 (2 g.L-1NaNO3 and 1000 µE.m-2s-1). The present of carboxylate and sulfate functional groups was identified in EPS samples. Rheological studies performed for some EPS products at 5 and 10 g.L-1 concentrations revealed a dilute solution behavior.
Investigating selected host and parasite factors potentially impacting upon seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Bama, Burkina Faso
Authors: Somé Anyirékun , Bazié Thomas , Y. Ehrlich Hanna , Goodwin Justin , Lehane Aine , Neya Cathérine , Kabre Zakary , Wade Martina , OUATTARA Jean-Marie , Foy Brian , Dabiré K. Roch , Parikh Sunil , Ouédraogo Jean-Bosco
Published: June 2020

Background: Since 2014, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AQ-SP) has been implemented on a large scale during the high malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso. We report in this paper the prevalence of microscopic and submicroscopic malaria infection at the outset and after the first round of SMC in children under five years old in Bama, Burkina Faso, as well as host and parasite factors involved in mediating the efficacy and tolerability of SMC. Methods: Two sequential cross-sectional surveys were conducted in late July and August 2017 during the first month of SMC in a rural area in southwest Burkina Faso. Blood smears and dried blood spots were collected from 106 and 93 children under five, respectively, at the start of SMC and again three weeks later. Malaria infection was detected by microscopy and by PCR from dried blood spots. For all children, day 7 plasma concentrations of desethyl-amodiaquine (DEAQ) were measured and CYP2C8 genetic variants influencing AQ metabolism were genotyped. Samples were additionally genotyped for pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y, molecular markers associated with reduced amodiaquine susceptibility. Results: 2.8% (3/106) of children were positive for Plasmodium falciparum infection by microscopy and 13.2% (14/106) by nested PCR within 2 days of SMC administration. Three weeks after SMC administration, in the same households, 4.3% (4/93) of samples were positive by microscopy and 14.0% (13/93) by PCR (p=0.0007). CYP2C8*2, associated with impaired amodiaquine metabolism, was common with an allelic frequency of 17.1% (95%CI=10.0-24.2). Day 7 concentration of DEAQ ranged from 0.48 to 362.80 ng/mL with a median concentration of 56.34 ng/mL. Pfmdr1 N86 predominated at both time points, whilst a non-significant trend towards a higher prevalence of pfcrt 76T was seen at week 3. Conclusion: This study showed a moderate prevalence of low-level malaria parasitemia in children 3 weeks following SMC during the first month of administration. Day 7 concentrations of the active DEAQ metabolite varied widely, likely reflecting variability in adherence and possibly metabolism. Our findings highlight factors that may contribute to the effectiveness of SMC in children in a high transmission setting.
Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients without a related family history
Authors: Wang Jin-Rui , Chen Zhongli , Yang Ke , Yang Hui-Jun , Tao Wen-Yu , Li Yi-Ping , Jiang Ze-Jia , Bai Chao-Fang , Yin Yue-Chuan , Duan Jian-Mei , Zhou Yuan-Yuan , Geng Xin-Qian , Yang Ying
Published: June 2020

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a specific neurovascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Clinically, family history is a widely recognized risk factor for DR, assisting diagnosis and risk strata. However, among a great amount of DR patients without hereditary history like hypertension and diabetes, direct and simple risk factors to assist clinical decisions are still required. Herein, we intend to investigate the associated risk factors for these DR patients based on systemic inflammatory response indexes, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Methods: We consecutively enrolled 1030 patients with a definite diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the endocrinology department of the Second hospital of People in Yun Nan. Based on funduscopy and family history checking, we excluded patients with a family history of hypertension and diabetes and finally enrolled 264 patients with DR and 206 patients with non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR). Through correlation analysis, univariate and multivariate regression, we further explore the association between NLR, PLR, and DR. On top of that, we investigate the effect of NLR and PLR on risk reclassification of DR.Results: Compared with NDR patients, NLR and PLR levels are significantly higher among DR patients (NLR: 2.36±1.16 in DR group versus 1.97±1.06 in NDR group, p<0.001; PLR: 11.62±4.55 in DR group versus10.56±4.45 in NDR group, p=0.012). According to univariate analysis, NLR and PLR add risks to DR. After fully adjusting co-founders, NLR, as both continuous and categorical variate, remains an independent risk factor for DR (OR (95%CI): 1.37 (1.06, 1.78) P= 0.018). And though PLR was not independently associated with DR as a continuous variable (OR (95%CI) 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) p= 0.135), the highest quantile of PLR add two-fold increased risk (OR (95%CI) 2.20 (1.05, 4.59) p=0.037) in the fully adjusted model for DR. In addition, addition of PLR and NLR to the established factor hemoglobin (Hb) improved the discriminability of the model and assisted the reclassification of DR. After combining PLR and NLR the Area under curve (AUC) of Hb based model raised from 0.76 to 0.78, with a category-free net reclassiﬁcation improvement (NRI) of 0.532 (p < 0.001) and Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) of 0.029 (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Systemic inflammatory response indexes NLR and PLR were associated with the presence of DR among patients without associated family history and contributed to improvements in reclassification of DR in addition to Hb.