bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de Recursos e Estratégias Pedagógicas na Saúde da Família
Authors: Silva Marcela Andressa Simões , De Paula Maria Angela Boccara
Published: July 2016

A Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) além de seu aspecto assistencial caracteriza-se também como meio de comunicação entre a comunidade e a equipe de saúde e tem nas ações de educação em saúde um caminho para alcançar a importante meta de melhora na qualidade do núcleo familiar. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer os recursos e as estratégias didático pedagógicas utilizadas pelos enfermeiros atuantes na ESF. Realizado com abordagem quantitativa, coleta de dados feita nos meses de abril e maio de 2012 por meio de questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas aplicado em 12 enfermeiros, na maioria mulheres (11/91,66%) com idade média de 32,16 anos, graduados entre um e cinco anos e atuantes na ESF entre seis meses e um ano. Os recursos pedagógicos mais citados foram: panfletos e imagens e entre as estratégias mais utilizadas está a palestra. Notou-se falta de conhecimento do enfermeiro, bem como dificuldades em utilizar e distinguir os recursos e as estratégias, o que pode interferir no resultado das ações realizadas.
Cenário Brasileiro do PLE: Contribuições da UFSM em Foco
Authors: Dos Santos Grazielle Da Silva
Published: July 2016

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo construir um breve panorama acerca do Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE) no Brasil. Para tanto,
percorre-se uma revisão dos estudos considerados mais relevantes na área de PLE, culminando na historicização das ações que vem configurando
iniciativas da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) em prol da promoção do Português Língua Estrangeira. Concluiu-se que, dentro
do cenário nacional do PLE, a UFSM vem cumprindo um importante papel na promoção do Português Língua Estrangeira no Brasil, pois, por
meio de suas inúmeras ações, evidencia um campo de estudos emergente, ao mesmo tempo em que o fortalece nessa conjuntura.
Global Network Structures and Problems of Aggregated Evaluation
Authors: Polishchuk Dmytro , Polishchuk Olexandr
Published: July 2016

This article covers the problem of processing of Big Data that describe process of complex networks and network systems operation. It also introduces the notion of hierarchical network systems combination into associations and conglomerates alongside with complex networks combination into multiplexes. The analysis is provided for methods of global network structures study depending on the purpose of the research. Also the main types of information flows in complex hierarchical network systems being the basic components of associations and conglomerates are covered. The main approaches for the formation of generalized conclusions about operation quality of complex hierarchical network systems are analyzed. Advantages and drawbacks of the “weakest” element method and a weighted linear aggregation method are determined. Nonlinear aggregation method is proposed for evaluating the quality of the system, which consists of elements of the same priority. Hybrid approaches to form generalized conclusions are developed based on the main aggregation methods. It is shown that they allow to obtain more reliable aggregation results.
Pharmacology and Ethnomedicine of the Genus Astragalus
Authors: Lysiuk Roman , Darmohray Roman
Published: July 2016

The genus Astragalus, consisting of about 3000 species, is a valuable source of herbal drugs. The review article comprises scientific data concerning morphological, distribution and phytochemical characters of the genus. Polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids are considered main active principles. Astragalus spp. have long been used as medicinal plants in folk medicine as cardiovascular, antihypertensive, diuretic, choleretic, as well as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. The plants of the genus exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, among which major include diuretic, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, hypotensive, and sedative ones. The review focuses on uses of about 30 Astragalus species in official medicine and ethnomedicine and their pharmacological action.
Negative Romanticism: An Exploration of a Sense of Isolation in Yushij's Afsaneh
Authors: Oroskhan Mohammed Hussein , Zohdi Esmaeil
Published: July 2016

From its beginning in the academic studies during the later nineteenth century, Romanticism has provoked ongoing debates over the nature of its definition. Nonetheless Morse Peckham has satisfactorily settled this matter by indicating that romanticism has dramatically altered the way of thinking therefore it should be distinctively met. For this purpose, he proposed that dealing with the concept of romanticism necessitate dividing it into two concepts of negative and positive romanticism in which a transition is occurred from negative romanticism to positive romanticism however in some cases this transition may not become completed and is lead to the obscure origin of the sense of isolation among various romantic poets. To clearly illustrate Peckham's notion of negative romanticism, it is tried to explore Nima Yushij's Afsaneh who is known to be the most romantic poet of Persian literature. Based upon Peckham's notion of negative romanticism, Nima's sense of despair and isolation in Afsaneh is fully justified and it is highly suggested that Peckham's new perspective toward romanticism can eventually settle the conflicting views on the subject of Romanticism.
Development of the Phonetic Skills in German as the Second Foreign Language on the Basis of the English Language
Authors: Ponomaryova Liliya , Osadcha Elena
Published: July 2016

The problems of forming phonetic skills of the German language which is studied on the basis of the English language have been considered. The aim of this research is to make the comparative analysis of the phonetic aspects of the foreign languages that are taught one after another. There has been the attempt to analyze, generalize and systematize the material on the given topic which is presented in works in German, English, Ukrainian and Russian on the main theoretical questions connected with the process of teaching the second foreign language. It was shown that while forming phonetic skills in German, it is necessary to give the characteristics to the phonetic, rhythmic and intonation peculiarities of both German and English; to point out the difficulties of mastering the pronunciation system of German, to develop the introductory course and the material for phonetic warming-up and to work out the algorithm of introducing a new sound.
Comparative study of conventional versus microdebrider assisted endoscopic sinus surgery in sinonasal polyposis
Authors: Ghera Bindia , Munjal Manish , Chopra Hemant
Published: July 2016

Background: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery, conventional or with powered instruments is the standard surgical modality in sinonasal polyposis refractive to medical therapy. The recent modality, microdebrider assisted endoscopic sinus surgery offers better therapeutic approach for patients when compared to endoscopic sinus surgery with the conventional instruments. The objective was to evaluate the utility of microdebrider in endoscopic sinus surgery versus conventional instruments and to compare the intraoperative and postoperative results in both the methods.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, comparative study was conducted on 30 patients with bilateral sinonasal polyposis. The subjects were selected by applying all the inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two groups i.e. the right and left side of nose were operated and compared for efficacy of microdebrider and conventional instruments. Each patient served as his or her own control. This study emphasizes the utility of microdebrider. It compares the intraoperative and postoperative results in the conventional and microdebrider assisted endoscopic sinus surgery.  

Results: The intraoperative mean blood loss and duration of surgery were significantly higher in the conventional group (p-value <0.001) as compared to microdebrider group. Postoperative symptom and endoscopy scores (discharge, scarring, crusting and polyp recurrence) were significantly higher in the conventional group (p-value <0.001) as compared to the microdebrider group in 6 months follow up.
Conclusions: Microdebriders are more effective as compared to conventional endoscopic sinus surgery due to lesser intraoperative bleeding (relatively bloodless) and duration of surgery, better postoperative endoscopic and symptom scores, combine cutting and suction  in a single  tool, enabling accurate and precise tissue removal without damaging the surrounding mucosa , less scarring/synechiae, fewer complications.
Por que Mais Médicos no Brasil? da política à formação.
Authors: De Sousa Maria Fátima , Franco Marcos Da Silveira , Rocha Dais Gonçalves , De Andrade Natália Fernandes , Prado Elizabeth Alves de Jesus , Mendonça Ana Valéria Machado
Published: July 2016

A partir de uma revisão e análise documental dos marcos legal e histórico do Sistema Único de Saúde, ao longo das últimas três décadas, são sinalizadas as principais diretrizes para a política de formação e educação permanente em saúde tendo como questão de estudo: Por que mais médicos no Brasil? O diagnóstico situacional da necessidade de médicos no Brasil é analisado em uma perspectiva comparada internacional. Para que o Programa Mais Médicos não seja, meramente, mais um estratégia pontual dentre outras iniciativas governamentais do período analisado, ao final, são apresentados alguns “caminhos” visando favorecer a sustentabilidade desta ação e contribuir para expandir e qualificar a atenção básica no Brasil.
Virtual World – Physical World: What is the Real World?
Authors: Du Plessis Andries , Theron Bernhardett
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential growth and use of Virtual World Technology. It is also concerned with the prospects for the routine use of Virtual Worlds in the workplace, the key aspects being the areas in which businesses are using Virtual World. The research design of this paper is descriptive. This research employs the multi-method data collection approach using surveys, where participants answered questions executed through interviews and questionnaires. The study is built on the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. All the respondents were familiar with the term Virtual World; and some with long tenures at their organisations, varying from 5 months to more than 22 years in the same field, provided valuable information. Virtual Worlds have created a new social and creative environment where new product development and virtual brands may be created. This paper points out directions, trends and provides indications that would form a sound basis for the necessary future research in Virtual Worlds. The findings of the study affirm that educational systems need to further progress and advance. Further value is that technologies that facilitate resources can be used effectively to promote lifelong learning, and support learner-centred approaches by being vastly available.
Use of Management Information Systems Impact on Decision Support Capabilities: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Mashli Aina Ahmed Abdulatef , Hu Wang , Noofal Ahmed Mohsen Mohammed Al-Nakib
Published: July 2016

In this article, the identification and the analysis of the problem in facilitating the role management information systems have been studied. Moreover, the decision maker’s satisfaction and content of information and information access quality have been critically analyzed and studied following the methodology of the previous studies. We identified necessary variables aiming to analyze the influence of management information systems in decision support capabilities. Precisely, this investigation proposes different hypotheses most of which aims to identify the relationship between management information systems and decision support capabilities. The variables included in the research model are the impact on problem definition, speed of problem identification, decision-making analysis, user satisfaction, information access, the content of information quality, decision speed, and decision quality.
Zachowania przestrzenne klientów centrów handlowych – przykład Łodzi
Authors: Rochmińska Agnieszka
Published: July 2016

Przemiany ustrojowe i gospodarcze w Polsce w latach 90. XX wieku wpłynęły na funkcjonowanie handlu w Polsce. Na rynku polskim pojawiły się nowe rodzaje placówek handlowych, w tym centra handlowe, wpływając tym samym na zmiany w zagospodarowaniu miast lub ich części oraz na zachowania ich mieszkańców i innych pod- miotów. W związku z powyższymi zmianami, których proces nie jest jeszcze zakończony, w artykule przedstawiono rozwój oraz charakterystykę centrów handlowych z artykułami FMCG w Łodzi. Głównym celem była jednak próba zastanowienia się nad wieloaspektowością terminu „zachowania przestrzenne” często stosownym tylko do zachowań ludności (klientów) oraz zaprezentowanie elementów związanych z tymi zachowaniami. Zachowania przestrzenne związane z pojawieniem się w przestrzeni Łodzi centrów handlowych podlegały i nadal  podlegają  zmianom. Z  jednej  strony  jest to związane z przekształceniami przestrzeni wynikającymi z budowy tych nowoczesnych kompleksów i ich oddziaływaniem na otoczenie (C.H. zmieniły krajobraz wielu obszarów miasta wpływając m.in. na zmiany w zagospodarowaniu, strukturę podmiotów gospodarczych, inwestycje infrastrukturalne, reorganizację ruchu drogowego). Z drugiej strony ich lokalizacja i atrakcyjność wpływają na zachowania przestrzenne i nabywcze mieszkańców.
Dostępność mieszkańców województwa łódzkiego do sklepów wielkopowierzchniowych
Authors: Wiśniewski Szymon
Published: July 2016

Prezentowany artykuł koncentruje się na zbadaniu dostępności mieszkańców województwa łódzkiego do sklepów wielkopowierzchniowych. Polem podstawowym badania jest gmina. Do analizy włączono wszystkie gminy województwa łódzkiego oraz jednostki położone poza nim, z których dojazd do sklepu w województwie łódzkim nie trwa dłużej niż 60 minut. Tę samą zasadę przyjęto w odniesieniu do sklepów – włączono wszystkie obiekty w województwie łódzkim, ale również te rozmieszczone w regionach ościennych, do których mieszkańcy łódzkiego nie podróżują dłużej niż godzinę. Ma to za zadanie urealnić wyniki badań. Źródłem danych dla liczby ludności był Bank Danych Lokalnych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego, natomiast baza danych dotycząca sklepów została pozyskana z zasobów OpenStreetMap. Dla osiągnięcia założonego celu poznawczego badania posłużono się dwiema metodami badawczymi w postaci modelu Huffa oraz wzmocnionej dwuetapowej metody określania obszarów rynkowych. Pozwoliło to na osiągnięcie celu metodologicznego – analizy porównawczej podejść badawczych.
Subiektywne poczucie zagrożenia a zachowania obronne mieszkańców Łodzi
Authors: Mordwa Stanisław
Published: July 2016

Zakłada się, że zachowania obronne mieszkańców w przestrzeni miasta są reakcją na realne bądź percypowane zagrożenia tam występujące. Zagrożenia te mogą mieć charakter społeczny, materialny i socjalny, zdrowotny, związany ze stanem środowiska czy wreszcie charakter związany z bezpieczeństwem międzynarodowym. Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest opis i analiza różnych aspektów zachowań obronnych mieszkańców, które powstały wskutek różnorodnych i zróżnicowanych przestrzennie zagrożeń występujących w Łodzi.
Zmiana położenia środka ciężkości miast województwa łódzkiego w świetle potencjału transportowego
Authors: Wiśniewski Szymon
Published: July 2016

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono zmiany położenia środka ciężkości miast województwa łódzkiego wynikające z ich wewnątrzregionalnej dostępności czasowej oraz towarzyszących im przemian
w dostępności potencjałowej związanej z dynamicznym rozwojem infrastruktury drogowej. Badanie poszerzono o zastosowanie opisowych metod statystyki przestrzennej oraz eksploracyjnej analizy danych przestrzennych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem statystyk dyspersji
w postaci elipsy odchylenia standardowego. Cechy elips wykreślonych dla poszczególnych momentów w rozwoju regionalnych powiązań infrastrukturalnych pozwalają na określenie przemian potencjału transportowego miast województwa w ujęciu przestrzennym.
Domestic Violence Intervention Programs for Perpetrators in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Santoveña Esteban Eugenio Esquivel , da Silva Teresa
Published: July 2016

Research on intervention programs for domestic violence (DV) perpetrators in the United States and in Europe has started to shed light on these interventions and the challenges they face in determining “what works” in those regions. In Latin America, the research is almost nonexistent. This study presents a literature review of studies and program protocols in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as the results of a continental survey on characteristics and suggested standards for DV perpetrator programs in this region. Findings indicate perpetrator interventions in this part of the world are in their earliest stages along with the remaining challenges these involve. Suggested standards in the areas of program effectiveness, evidence-based intake assessments, tailoring of programs to minority group’s needs, the conceptualization of DV, influential risk factors, and liaisons between academia and practice are discussed.
Monitorización web de señales industriales usando sistemas embebidos (Web monitoring of industrial signals using embedded systems)
Authors: Romero Molano Cesar Augusto
Published: July 2016

El artículo presenta el diseño de software y hardware para un sistema de monitorización web de señales industriales. Este prototipo proporciona una interfaz web en la cual se puede observar en tiempo real el estado de un máximo de cuatro señales industriales del tipo on-off. En el diseño se utilizó un microcontrolador MSP432 encargado del muestreo y transmisión de las señales monitoreadas a una Raspberry PI, la cual recibe por un enlace UART los datos monitoreados del MSP432 y los presenta en el front-end de la aplicación web de manera inmediata. El prototipo diseñado fue verificado con una aplicación neumática formada por cuatro cilindros de efecto simple, y se observó una eficiente sincronización entre la ocurrencia del evento de activación o cambio en el estado de cualquiera de los cilindros monitoreados y su publicación web.
THE AVERAGE LOWER 2-DOMINATION NUMBER OF WHEELS RELATED GRAPHS AND AN ALGORITHM
Authors: TURACI TUFAN
Published: July 2016

The problem of quantifying the vulnerability of graphs has received much attention nowadays, especially in the field of computer or communication networks. In a communication network, the vulnerability measures the resistance of the network to disruption of operation after the failure of certain stations or communication links. If we think of a graph as modeling a network, the average lower 2-domination number of a graph is a measure of the graph vulnerability and it is defined by γ2av(G)=1|V(G)|∑v∈V(G)γ2v(G), where the lower 2-domination number, denoted by γ2v(G), of the graph G relative to v is the minimum cardinality of 2-domination set in G that contains the vertex v. In this paper, the average lower 2-domination number of wheels and some related networks namely gear graph, friendship graph, helm graph and sun flower graph are calculated. Then, we offer an algorithm for computing the 2-domination number and the average lower 2-domination number of any graph G.
Viscous-Fingering Function for Unstable Immiscible Flows
Authors: Doorwar Shashvat , Mohanty Kishore K.
Published: July 2016

Displacement of viscous oils often involves unstable immiscible flow. Viscous instability and its influence on relative permeability were studied in this work at different viscosity ratios, injection rates, and domain widths. Micromodels and pore-scale models were used to visually inspect the interplay of viscous and capillary forces in the viscous-dominated regime. A new dimensionless scaling parameter, NI=(vwμwσow)(μoμw)2(D2/K), was developed that is useful in predicting the recoveries of unstable displacements at various viscosity ratios and injection rates. The scaling parameter showed excellent fit with experimental data of 68 corefloods. A lumped finger model was developed to modify multiphase flow equations and to yield pseudorelative permeability functions that account for viscous fingering. The parameters of the lumped model can be estimated from the new dimensionless number, NI. This pseudorelative permeability function could be applied at each gridblock on the basis of the local NI to simulate large-scale unstable floods in water-wet porous media.
Finite-Element Simulation of a Hydraulic Fracture Interacting With a Natural Fracture
Authors: Chen Zuorong , Jeffrey Robert G. , Zhang Xi , Kear James
Published: July 2016

In this paper, the problem of a hydraulic fracture (HF) interacting with a pre-existing natural fracture (NF) has been investigated with a cohesive zone finite-element model. The model fully couples fluid flow, fracture propagation, and elastic deformation, taking into account the friction between the contacting fracture surfaces and the interaction between the HF and the NF. The effect of the field conditions—such as in-situ stresses, rock and fracture mechanical and geometrical (initial conductivity of the NF) properties, intersection angle, and the treatment parameters (fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate)—on the HF propagation behavior has been analyzed. The finite-element-modeling results provide detailed quantitative information on the development of various types of HF/NF interaction, interfacial stress distribution, fracture-geometry evolution, and injection-pressure history, and allow us to gain an in-depth understanding of the relative roles of various parameters. The value of a parameter calculated as the product of fracturing-fluid viscosity and injection rate can be used as an indicator to gauge if crossing or diverting behavior is more likely. In addition, using a finite-element approach allows the analysis to be extended to include the effects of fluid leakoff and poroelastic effect, and allows the study of HF height growth through a system of nonhomogeneous layers and their bedding planes.
A Theory for Relative Permeability of Unconventional Rocks With Dual-Wettability Pore Network
Authors: Yassin Mahmood Reza , Dehghanpour Hassan , Wood James , Lan Qing
Published: July 2016

Recent studies show that the pore network of unconventional rocks, such as gas shales, generally consists of inorganic and organic parts. The organic part is strongly oil-wet and preferentially imbibes the oleic phase. In contrast, the inorganic part is usually hydrophilic and preferentially imbibes the aqueous phase. Conventional theories of relative permeability, which are based on uniform wettability, cannot be applied to determine phase permeability in unconventional rocks with dual-wettability behavior. The objective of this paper is to extend the previous theories to model relative permeability of dual-wettability systems in which oleic and aqueous phases can both act as wetting phases in hydrophobic and hydrophilic pore networks, respectively.

In the first part of the paper, we review and discuss the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), organic petrography, mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP), and comparative water/oil imbibition experiments conducted on several samples from the Triassic Montney tight gas siltstone play of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. We also discuss various crossplots to understand the reasons behind the observed dual-wettability behavior, and to investigate the spatial distribution and morphology of hydrophilic and hydrophobic pores. In the second part, Purcell's model (Purcell 1949) is extended to develop a conceptual model for relative permeability of gas and water in a dual-wettability system such as the Montney tight gas formation. Finally, the proposed model is compared with measured relative permeability data.

The results suggest that the submicron pores within solid bitumen/pyrobitumen are strongly water-repellant; therefore, they prefer gas over water under different saturation conditions. This part of the pore network is usually represented by a long tail at the lower end of the pore-throat-size distribution determined from MICP. The proposed relative permeability model describes single-phase flow of gas through the tail part, and two-phase flow of gas and water through the remaining bell-shaped part of the pore-throat-size distribution, which dominantly represents inorganic micropores. On the basis of our model, by increasing the fraction of water-repellant submicron pores, gas relative permeability decreases for a fixed water saturation. This decrease is ascribed to the reduction of the average size of flow conduits for the gas phase.
Cuantificación de radón (222Rn) en aire y dosis de radiación en baños termales del norte de México
Authors: Villalba María de Lourdes , Colmenero Sujo Luis Humberto , Rubio Arias Héctor , Pinales Munguia Adan , Espino Valdes María Socorro , De la Garza Aguilar Rodrigo , Silva Hidalgo Humberto , Viramontes Olivas Oscar
Published: July 2016

La radiación en aguas termales utilizadas como zonas recreativas puede representar un problema de salud pública. El objetivo fue cuantificar el nivel de radón (222Rn) en aire y evaluar la dosis de radiación en los baños termales establecidos en San Diego de Alcalá, Chihuahua, México. Se seleccionó un espacio de esparcimiento, se cerró puerta y ventana para simular la utilización del baño termal por el público. El nivel de 222Rn en aire se detectó utilizando un instrumento AlphaGUARD (Professional Radon Monitor) de la marca GENITRON. Éste se cuantificó en Bq m-3 en diferentes tiempos 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 y 60 min, se realizaron tres mediciones; la primera en la epoca de invierno 2014 (enero) y dos en la epoca de primavera de 2015 (mayo y junio). El análisis estadístico fue mediante una regresión para cada medición. Se estimó la Dosis Promedio Anual (DPA) efectiva de inhalación de radón a la que se encuentran expuestas las personas que acuden a los baños termales dependiendo del número de visitas y tiempo de permanencia, el rango varió de 0.0005±4x10-4 mSv cuando se visitan los baños 12 veces al año con un permanencia de 10 minutos, hasta 0.0352±1.1x10-2 mSv visitando una vez a la semana por un periodo de 60 minutos.
Manufactura esbelta y responsabilidad social empresarial: ¿coadyuvantes o antagonistas?
Authors: Cruz-Mejia Oliverio
Published: July 2016

Introducción: El presente trabajo aborda el estudio de la  Manufactura Esbelta y la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. Ambos conceptos han sido estudiados extensamente de forma independiente, sin embargo en esta  investigación se realiza el estudio conjunto. La Manufactura Esbelta es  identificada como una metodología de la  ingeniería de manufactura que centra sus aportaciones en las mejoras de la productividad en una organización. Por el otro lado, la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial  focaliza su visión en la conservación del bienestar social  en todas sus dimensiones.  Siendo el caso que tanto la Manufactura Esbelta como la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial son posibles de implantarse en una misma organización, surge la necesidad de indagar la existencia  de una complementariedad o contraposición de una con  la otra.Método: En una organización de confección de prendas de  vestir  de tamaño pequeño se utiliza el método de casos múltiples bajo el  enfoque positivista de Yin (2009). Cinco unidades de análisis son  indagadas: Directivos y Administrativos, Empleados, Proveedores, Equipo de Ventas, Equipo de Implementación.Resultados: Se desprende del analizar el trabajo empírico que los cinco grupos de interés estudiados consideran que tanto la Manufactura Esbelta como la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial son estrategias organizacionales  que convergen  en el uso y acción racional y responsable de las actividades humanas. Ambas estrategias pugnan en su fin último por el desarrollo responsable  y  racional de las actividades en las organizaciones productivas.Conclusión: El estudio conjunto  de  las dos disciplinas indagadas  es concluyente en el escenario de estudio empírico. Se observa que ambos conceptos  pugnan por la actividad humana racional ocupada por el bienestar económico y social. Así mismo dan pie a un tercer concepto como fin máximo de ambas que es la sustentabilidad en su acepción más amplia, la cual  es la capacidad de un sistema de mantener sus condiciones en términos ecológicos, económicos, políticos y culturales. De tal forma  que ambas disciplinas coadyuvan  en hacer sustentable a la sociedad.
Uso de un bionutriente como atenuante del estrés salino (NaCl) durante la emergencia y crecimiento inicial de Ocimum basilicum L.
Authors: Batista-Sánchez Daulemys , Nieto-Garibay Alejandra , Alcaraz-Melendez Lilia , Troyo-Diéguez Enrique , Hernández-Montiel Luis Guillermo , Ojeda-Silvera Carlos Michel , Murillo Amador Bernardo
Published: July 2016

El uso de bionutrientes estimula la emergencia y el crecimiento vegetal debido a que están compuestos por sustancias naturales activadores de las funciones fisiológicas de las plantas, por lo que su aplicación permite un aprovechamiento mejor de los nutrientes y representa una opción para enfrentar problemas de estrés abiótico por salinidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de un bionutriente (FitoMas-E) derivado de la caña de azúcar como atenuante de la salinidad en la emergencia y el crecimiento de plántulas de variedades de albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) con respuesta diferencial al estrés por salinidad. Tres variedades de albahaca, Napoletano, Emily y Nufar se sometieron a cuatro concentraciones de NaCl (0, 50, 100 y 150 mM) y cuatro dosis de FitoMas-E (0, 0.5, 1.0 y 1.5 mL L-1) en un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial con cuatro repeticiones. El trabajo se desarrolló en una estructura de malla sombra y las variables que se midieron fueron, porcentaje y tasa de emergencia, longitud de radícula, altura de plántula, biomasa fresca y seca de radícula y de parte aérea. Los resultados evidenciaron que en condiciones de estrés salino (NaCl) de moderado a severo, las variables disminuyeron significativamente, siendo largo de la raíz, altura de la planta y biomasa seca de raíz en 150 mM de NaCl las más afectadas. Se observó que cuando se aplicó FitoMas-E las plantas incrementaron significativamente sus valores en las variables estudiadas, lo que revela el efecto estimulante de este bionutriente, siendo 0.5 mL L-1 la dosis estimulante para la variedad Napoletano y 1.0 mL L-1 para la variedad Emily, aún y cuando se encontraban en condiciones de estrés salino hasta 100 mM de NaCl. Para la concentración de 150 mM se evidenció una afectación extrema para las variedades Emily y Nufar.
Contraste empírico de modelos de transferencia de tecnología: Los casos de tres empresas de agricultura protegida en México.
Authors: Borbón Morales Carlos Gabriel , Arvizu Armenta Marisol
Published: July 2016

De acuerdo a los modelos teóricos de la transferencia de tecnología las empresas aprenden de otras empresas; en otras ocasiones las tecnologías se transfieren a partir de una política dirigida por el gobierno donde las empresas, los centros de investigación y las instituciones de educación superior confluyen trasladando el conocimiento de un actor a otro; otro modelo más, advierte de la participación activa de la sociedad civil, que derivado de sus necesidades se transforma en el eje que articula el tránsito del conocimiento hacia su aplicación en la empresa.En este trabajo se plantea realizar un análisis de éstos modelos, utilizando tres casos de empresas productoras de hortalizas en invernadero en México, con la finalidad de realizar un contraste entre los actores y las formas en las cuales estas empresas de horticultura protegida han vivido sus procesos de contacto, adaptación y modificación de la tecnología.Abstract. According to theoretical models of technology transfer, firm learn from other firm. At other times the technologies are transferred starting a government-led policy to firms, the research centers and higher education institutions are conductors of the transferring knowledge from one actor to another. Another model include the participation of civil society leading technology transfer. In this paper it is proposed an analysis of patterns of technology transfer, using three cases of mexican companies producing greenhouse vegetables, in order to make a contrast between the actors and the ways in which these firms have lived her processes of contact, adaptation and modification with the technology.
Prevalencia de rinotraqueítis infecciosa bovina y diarrea viral bovina en hembras en tres épocas del año en la Zona Centro de Veracruz
Authors: Abad Zavaleta José , Ríos Utrera Ángel , Rosete Fernández Jorge Víctor , García Camacho Alan , Zárate Martínez Juan Prisciliano
Published: July 2016

Con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de rinotraqueítis infecciosa bovina (IBR) y diarrea viral bovina (DVB), mediante diagnóstico serológico en diferentes épocas del año y su influencia en el estado reproductivo de hembras bovinas adultas, se realizó un estudio en siete ranchos ubicados en la zona centro de Veracruz, pertenecientes a los municipios de San Rafael, Medellín y Cotaxtla. Se realizó una palpación rectal y se tomaron tres muestras de sangre cada dos meses, al 10% de vacas gestantes y 10% no gestantes (5 meses posparto). La IBR y DVB se diagnosticaron por medio de ELISA. La tasa de gestación promedio de los siete ranchos fue 52%, con rangos de 54.76 a 96.26% y de 39.25 a 96.40% para el rancho con menor y mayor prevalencia de IBR y DVB, respectivamente. El rancho 4 mostró mayor prevalencia y el 5 menor prevalencia (p<0.01). No se encontraron diferencias en la prevalencia (p>0.05) de IBR y DVB de acuerdo al estado reproductivo (gestantes o no gestantes) en cada uno de los ranchos muestreados en los tres municipios de la zona centro de Veracruz. Sin embargo, la época del año causó un efecto (p<0.01) en la prevalencia. La interacción rancho por época del año mostró un efecto (p<0.01) sobre la prevalencia de la IBR y DVB; la época seca presentó la mayor prevalencia y una tendencia más uniforme que las otras dos épocas (lluvias y nortes), las cuales mostraron grandes variaciones. En los ranchos 2 y 7 la época de nortes presentó un 100% de prevalencia para IBR y DVB, y en el rancho 5 se presentaron las menores prevalencias (p<0.05) en las tres épocas del año y junto con el rancho 2 presentaron los valores más bajos (p< 0.01) para DVB e IBR en la época de nortes, respectivamente. El estado reproductivo no influyó en la prevalencia de estas dos enfermedades.
Lowering NOM and DBP Levels by Managing Source Water Supplies: The New York City Approach
Authors: Becker W. C. , Reckhow D. A. , Schindler S. , Freud S. , Weiss J. , Herzner J.
Published: July 2016

New York City has one of the most fascinating water systems in the world. Raw water is supplied from a network of 19 reservoirs and three controlled lakes in a 5,120 square kilometer watershed that extends 200 kilometers north and west of the City. About 90% of the supply, roughly 3.4 billion liters per day, comes from the Catskill/Delaware System, which consists of six source water and two balancing reservoirs. The only treatment provided is disinfection with free chlorine, corrosion control, and fluoridation – this is the largest unfiltered supply in the United States. While the quality of the raw water is extremely high, there are concerns about meeting the more stringent requirements of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Stage 2 Disinfection Byproduct Regulations for haloacetic acids (HAAs). A comprehensive study was conducted by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection to evaluate a number of potential NOM/DBP control options including filtration, magnetic ion exchange resin treatment, converting to chloramines, and modifying reservoir operations. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of modifying reservoir operations with the goal of minimizing HAA levels in the City's water supply.
Odour impact of a waste management plant in the Barcelona area, characterised by VDI3940 field observations, Gaussian ISCST modelling and CALPUFF modelling
Authors: Feliubadaló Joan , Van Harreveld Anton P. , Ormerod Robin
Published: July 2016

From May 2006 to December 2006 an odour exposure study using field panel observations according to German standard EN3940 was carried out around an installation for reception and sorting of urban solid waste and treatment of the organic fraction using anaerobic digestion and composting, with a capacity of 240.000 tonnes of waste annually.

The exposure study covered an area of 2000 × 4000 meters, including the residential area of Ripollet, the Can Salvatella industrial estate and a rural area with various animal production facilities. The results were compared with the German criteria for residential and industrial areas of 10% and 15% odour hours respectively. These criteria were exceeded in the vicinity of the installation, including part of the industrial area of Can Salvatella, but not exceeded in the residential area of Ripollet.

The odour impact was also modelled using dispersion modelling. Two models were applied, ISCST as an example of the more traditional Gaussian plume model and CALPUFF in 3 dimensional mode as an example of more advanced modelling.

The meteorology in the area is challenging, from the modelling point of view, with frequent calms and low wind velocities, combined with a pronounced day/night circulation pattern. The results of the three methods of odour impact assessment are applied and the model results are compared and validated against the observed odour frequencies over the six month period of the study. The Gaussian ISCST model proved to be unable to effectively predict the odour footprint as determined by direct field observations of exposure, overestimating the distance of impact substantially in the direction of prevailing winds. The CALPUFF model in 3D mode did predict the area of measurable odour hour frequencies quite well. The 98 percentile for 3 ouE·m-3 appears to be a bit more restrictive than the German <10% odour hours criterion applied in German regulation.
Copper, Zinc, Nickel, and Cobalt biosorption potential of Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae) and Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Chaudhuri A. , Mitra M. , Schwarz J.G. , Schiewer S.
Published: July 2016

Dried raw and protonated biomasses of the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus and the red seaweed Gracilaria tikvahiae were used to study their biosorption performance for copper, zinc, nickel, and cobalt. Representative samples of both species were collected from Chincoteague Bay, Virginia. A series of “sorbate” or metal concentrations (10-450 mg L-1) were selected for each metal to compare the seaweeds' biosorption performance at pH 4.5 ± 0.1 and 25±1 °C. Samples were analyzed on Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models for single solute systems were used to assess sorption performance. Both raw and protonated Fucus vesiculosus exhibited higher affinity for metal ions than Gracilaria tikvahiae, at both high and low ends of the concentration ranges. The protonated red seaweed species had maximum metal uptake values of 0.99 mequiv g-1 (copper), 0.39 mequiv g-1 (zinc), 0.66 mequiv g-1 (nickel) and 0.79 mequiv g-1 (cobalt). In comparison, protonated Fucus vesiculosus sorbed higher amounts (1.63, 1.10, 1.40, and 1.69 mequiv g-1 of the metals in the same order). The prospects of using the brown seaweed species in the treatment of industrial wastewaters in place of expensive, conventional ion-exchange resins are envisaged.
An experimental investigation of wastewater treatment in a grease interceptor trap
Authors: Moore G. A. , Dang H. D. T.
Published: July 2016

Grease interceptor traps (GITs) are widely used by food service facilities to reduce oil and grease (OG) to an acceptable level before waste water discharge to public sewerage and to recover oil and grease as a feedstock for new products. However, wastewater discharge to a simple GIT at high flowrate can result in a short circuit to the outlet. Consequently, there remains a high concentration of OG potentially leading to blockage of the sewerage system and a waste of valuable resources. It is therefore important to understand the characteristics and fluid flow behaviour of a GIT. The research presented in this paper relates to an intensive experimental investigation of a single GIT serving a large commercial kitchen and multiple restaurants. Composition and physical characteristics of the wastewater was quantified and analysed. Short circuiting flows were also observed. The removal efficiency of this GIT was found to be very low; indicating inefficiency of this GIT due to an inappropriate design that fully complied with local regulations. This indicates that there is ineffective design of baffles and/or inlet-outlet positions of the GIT and a need for review of regulations governing these devices.
Overview on Biobased Building Material made with plant aggregate
Authors: Amziane Sofiane , Sonebi Mohammed
Published: July 2016

Global warming, energy savings, and life cycle analysis issues are factors that have contributed to the rapid expansion of plant-based materials for buildings, which can be qualified as environmental-friendly, sustainable and efficient multifunctional materials. This review presents an overview on the several possibilities developed worldwide about the use of plant aggregate to design bio-based building materials.  The use of crushed vegetal aggregates such as hemp (shiv), flax, coconut shells and other plants associated to mineral binder represents the most popular solution adopted in the beginning of this revolution in building materials.  Vegetal aggregates are generally highly porous with a low apparent density and a complex architecture marked by a multi-scale porosity.  These geometrical characteristics result in a high capacity to absorb sounds and have hygro-thermal transfer ability.  This is one of the essential characteristics which differ of vegetal concrete compared to the tradition mineral-based concretes.  In addition, the high flexibility of the aggregates leads to a non-fragile elasto-plastic behavior and a high deformability under stress, lack of fracturing and marked ductility with absorbance of the strains ever after having reached the maximum mechanical strength.  Due to the sensitivity to moisture, the assessment of the durability of vegetal concrete constitutes one of the next scientific challenging of bio-based building materials.
Comparing twice- versus four-times daily insulin in mothers with gestational diabetes in Pakistan and its implications
Authors: Saleem Nazish , Godman Brian , Hussain Shahzad
Published: July 2016

Background:
Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common medical problem associated with maternal and fetal complications. Good glycemic control is the cornerstone of treatment.
Objective:
Compare outcomes between four times (q.i.d) and twice daily (b.i.d) regimens. The morning dose of the b.i.d regimen contained two-thirds of the total insulin, comprising a third human regular insulin and two-thirds human intermediate insulin; equal amounts in the evening.
Methods:
480 women at >30 weeks with gestational diabetes mellitus with failure to control blood glucose were randomly assigned to either regimen.
Results:
Mean time to the control of blood glucose was significantly less and glycemic control significantly increased with the q.i.d regimen. Operative deliveries, extent of neonatal hypoglycemia, babies with low Agpar scores and those with hyperbilirubinemia were significantly higher with the b.i.d daily regimen.
Conclusion:
The q.i.d daily regime was associated with improved fetal and maternal outcomes. Consequently should increasingly be used in Pakistan, assisted by lower acquisition costs.
Physicians’ perspectives regarding pragmatic clinical trials
Authors: Topazian Rachel , Bollinger Juli , Weinfurt Kevin P , Dvoskin Rachel , Mathews Debra , Brelsford Kathleen , DeCamp Matthew , Sugarman Jeremy
Published: July 2016

Aim:
Practicing physicians inevitably become involved in pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs), including comparative effectiveness research. We sought to identify physicians’ perspectives related to PCTs.
Methods:
In-depth semistructured interviews with 20 physicians in the USA.
Results:
Although physicians are generally willing to participate in PCTs, their support is predicated on several factors including expected benefits, minimization of time and workflow burdens and physician engagement. Physicians communicated a desire to respect patients’ rights and interests while maintaining a high level of care.
Conclusion:
Future work is needed to systematically assess the impact of PCTs on clinicians in meeting their ethical obligations to patients and the burdens clinicians are willing to accept in exchange for potential benefits.
Effect of dietary protease supplementation and sex on dressing percentage and body conformation in broilers
Authors: Doskovic Vladimir , Bogosavljevic-Boskovic Snezana , Lukic Milos , Skrbic Zdenka , Rakonjac Simeon , Petricevic Veselin
Published: July 2016

This paper presents research results on the effect of protease on the
dressing percentage of conventionally dressed carcass and body conformation
in broiler chickens. Broiler diet was supplemented with 0.2% protease (group
E-I) and 0.3% protease (group E-II), and protein content in the feed was
reduced by 4% (E-I) and 6% (E-II) through a decrease in soybean meal content.
Fast-growing Cobb 500 broilers were used for a 63-day fattening trial. Body
conformation measurement included absolute carcass conformation measures
(metatarsus length, keel length, breast depth, breast angle, thigh girth) and
relative body conformation measures - conformation indices (body
weight/metatarsus length, body weight/keel length, body weight/breast depth,
body weight/thigh girth). Results showed a significant effect of sex on the
dressing percentage of conventionally dressed carcass and all body
conformation measures, whereas diet had a significant effect on the dressing
percentage of conventionally dressed carcass and breast angle values.
Attittudes of consumers in Serbia towards the importance of a balanced diet and table egggs as foodstuff
Authors: Tolimir Natasa , Skrbic Zdenka , Rajkovic Borislav , Trailovic Jelena , Maslovaric Marijana
Published: July 2016

To investigate consumers? attitudes towards a balanced diet and eggs as
foodstuff, 509 consumers have been surveyed. Through this survey, the
consumers answered questions about the importance of a balanced diet,
importance of having eggs in diet, the most common way of egg consumption,
benefits and drawbacks of eating eggs. The responses were analysed by gender,
age, occupation, education and place of living of the respondents (city of
Belgrade, other cities and other populated places). Based on these results,
it can be concluded that most of the respondents (79% males and 87% females)
think a balanced diet is important, whereas 41% males and 52% females think
it is very important. Moreover, most of the respondents find it important to
have eggs in diet, and males and females do not differ in their responses
(69%). The most common way of cooking and consuming eggs is frying, according
to 68% male and 50% female respondents from all the places (60% from
Belgrade, 55% from other cities and 62% from other populated places). As a
benefit of eating eggs, the most frequent response is ?nutritive value? (43%
respondents), whereas, the most frequent drawback is ?a risk of cholesterol?
(19% respondents). Hence, one should pay particular attention to education on
the importance of diet, at the level of the whole community.