bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound evaluation of a refractory ovarian endometrial cyst and ultrasound-guided aspiration sclerotherapy using urokinase and lauromacrogol
Authors: Li Jia-Xin , Zhang Hui-Li , Xu Hui-Xiong , Yu Song-Yuan
Published: April 2021

Endometriosis is one of the most common diseases that happen in reproductive women. The main symptoms include ovarian endometrial cyst, pelvic pain, and so on. We report a case of a 23-year-old woman with a refractory long-course ovarian endometrial cyst (OEC). The patient was previously identified to have a hypoechoic mass sized 9.7 cm in diameter on ultrasound (US) in the right ovary and was tentatively diagnosed as OEC in another tertiary hospital, who was then subjected to US-guided cyst sclerotherapy while the procedure was failed since only a very small amount of viscous and sticky fluid can be aspirated. The patient was then referred to our hospital for further treatment. Pretreat contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) showed non-enhancement of the mass with a thin cyst wall and a cyst-in-cyst pattern was observed. The possibility of ovarian malignancy was ruled out and the initial diagnosis of OEC was confirmed. The patient was then subjected to US-guided cyst sclerotherapy with lauromacrogol. The interventional procedure was eventful that no fluid was aspirated as what happened in the previous hospital. Thus urokinase was used to dissolve the old, viscious and sticky blood and finally, all the fluid was aspirated. The total consumption of urokinase was 60,000 U. Then lauromacrogol as a sclerosant was injected into the cyst cavity and the cyst wall was flushed repeatedly with lauromacrogol until the aspirated fluid became light red. Finally, 20 mL lauromacrogol was reserved in the cyst and the interventional procedure cost 2 hours. The post-procedure course was uneventful without any discomfort, and the volume reduction rate of the cyst was 54%at 3-month follow-up. The visual analogue scale for the pain decreased from 4 before treatment to 1 after treatment, indicating a successful and effective outcome for the refractory long-course OEC.
Grasping Social Apathy: The Role of Reach-To-Grasp Action Kinematics for the Assessment of Social Apathy in Mild Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Manera Valeria , Galperti Guenda , Rovini Erika , Zeghari Radia , Mancioppi Gianmaria , Fiorini Laura , Gros Auriane , Mouton Aurélie , Robert Philippe , Cavallo Filippo
Published: April 2021

Background: Social apathy, a reduction in initiative in proposing or engaging in social activities or interactions, is common in mild neurocognitive disorders (MND). Current apathy assessment relies on self-reports or clinical scales, but growing attention is devoted to defining more objective, measurable and non-invasive apathy proxies. Objective: In the present study we investigated the interest of recording action kinematics in a social reach-to-grasp task for the assessment of social apathy. Methods: Thirty participants took part in the study: 11 healthy controls (HC; 6 females, mean age = 68.3±10.5 years) and 19 subjects with MND (13 females, mean age = 75.7±6.3 years). Based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Apathy, MND subjects were classified as socially apathetic (A-MND, N = 9) versus non-apathetic (NA-MND, N = 10). SensRing, a ring-shaped wearable sensor, was placed on their index finger, and subjects were asked to reach and grasp a can to place it into a cup (individual condition) and pass it to a partner (social condition). Results: In the reach-to-grasp phase of the action, HC and NA-MND showed different acceleration and velocity profiles in the social versus individual condition. No differences were found for A-MND. Conclusion: Previous studies showed the interest of recording patients’ level of weekly motor activity for apathy assessment. Here we showed that a 10-min reach-to-grasp task may provide information to differentiate socially apathetic and non-apathetic subjects with MND, thus providing a tool easily usable in the clinical practice. Future studies with a bigger sample are needed to better characterize these findings.
The Characteristics of Social Network Structure in Later Life in Relation to Incidence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Conversion to Probable Dementia
Authors: Zhang Yun , Natale Ginny , Clouston Sean
Published: April 2021

Background: Larger, more active social networks are estimated to be associated with lower risks of cognitive decline. However, roles of various social relationships in a broad social network in protecting against cognitive decline remain to be elucidated. Objective: We aimed to investigate how social roles within a social network and number of social network members are associated with cognitive decline. Methods: Six waves of National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011-2016, NHATS) were utilized to examine the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable dementia determined using validated criteria. Multivariable-adjusted multi-state survival models were used to model incidences and transitions, jointly with misclassification errors. Results: A total of 6,078 eligible NHATS participants were included (average age: 77.49±7.79 years; female: 58.42%; non-Hispanic white: 68.99%). Multivariable-adjusted analyses revealed that having more social network members was associated with lower hazards of conversion from MCI to probable dementia (adjusted Hazard Ratio; aHR = 0.82; 95%confidence intervals; 95%CI = [0.67–0.99]), meanwhile having at least one college-educated family member within a social network was associated with lower incidence of probable dementia (aHR = 0.37 [0.26–0.51]). Having at least one friend within a social network was associated with a lower hazard of incidence of probable dementia (aHR = 0.48 [0.33–0.71]), but a higher risk of mortality in the MCI group (aHR = 2.58 [1.47–4.51]). Conclusion: Having more social network members, having at least one friend, and having at least one college-educated family member within a social network, were associated with lower risks of incidence of dementia or conversion from MCI to dementia.
Tau Protein Phosphorylated at Threonine-231 is Expressed Abundantly in the Cerebellum in Prion Encephalopathies
Authors: Gómez-López Vıctor Manuel , Viramontes-Pintos Amparo , Ontiveros-Torres Miguel Ángel , Garcés-Ramírez Linda , de la Cruz Fidel , Villanueva-Fierro Ignacio , Bravo-Muñoz Marely , Harrington Charles R. , Martínez-Robles Sandra , Yescas Petra , Guadarrama-Ortíz Parménides , Hernandes-Alejandro Mario , Montiel-Sosa Francisco , Pacheco-Herrero Mar , Luna-Muñoz José
Published: April 2021

Background: Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are rare neurodegenerative disorders that affect animals and humans. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, and Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease (CJD) in humans belong to this group. The causative agent of TSEs is called “prion”, which corresponds to a pathological form (PrPSc) of a normal cellular protein (PrPC) expressed in nerve cells. PrPSc is resistant to degradation and can induce abnormal folding of PrPC, and TSEs are characterized by extensive spongiosis and gliosis and the presence of PrPSc amyloid plaques. CJD presents initially with clinical symptoms similar to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In AD, tau aggregates and amyloid-β protein plaques are associated with memory loss and cognitive impairment in patients. Objective: In this work, we study the role of tau and its relationship with PrPSc plaques in CJD. Methods: Multiple immunostainings with specific antibodies were carried out and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Results: We found increased expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), and an exacerbated apoptosis in the granular layer in cases with prion disease. In these cases, tau protein phosphorylated at Thr-231 was overexpressed in the axons and dendrites of Purkinje cells and the extensions of parallel fibers in the cerebellum. Conclusion: We conclude that phosphorylation of tau may be a response to a toxic and inflammatory environment generated by the pathological form of prion.
Cognitive Domain Associations with Balance Performance in Community-Dwelling Older People with Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Taylor Morag E. , Toots Annika , Lord Stephen R. , Payne Narelle , Close Jacqueline C.T.
Published: April 2021

Background: In older people with cognitive impairment (CI), executive function (EF) has been associated with motor performance including balance and gait. The literature examining and supporting a relationship between balance performance and other cognitive domains is limited. Objective: To investigate the relationship between global cognition and cognitive domain function and balance performance in older people with CI. Methods: The iFOCIS randomized controlled trial recruited 309 community-dwelling older people with CI. Baseline assessments completed before randomization were used for analyses including the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III; global cognition) and its individual cognitive domains (attention; memory; verbal fluency; language; visuospatial ability) and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), a measure of EF. A composite balance score was derived from postural sway and leaning balance tests. Results: In linear regression analyses adjusted for covariates, global cognition and each cognitive domain were significantly associated with balance performance. EF (verbal fluency; β= –0.254, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.387) and visuospatial ability (β= –0.258, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.391) had the strongest associations with balance performance. In a comprehensively adjusted multivariable model including all of the ACE-III cognitive domains, visuospatial ability and EF (verbal fluency) were independently and significantly associated with balance performance. Conclusion: Poorer global cognition and cognitive domain function were associated with poorer balance performance in this sample of people with CI. Visuospatial ability and EF were independently associated with balance, highlighting potential shared neural networks and the role higher-level cognitive processes and spatial perception/processing play in postural control.
Fuzzy based feature engineering architecture for sentiment analysis of medical discussion over online social networks
Authors: Pavan Kumar C.S. , Dhinesh Babu L.D.
Published: April 2021

Sentiment analysis is widely used to retrieve the hidden sentiments in medical discussions over Online Social Networking platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram. People often tend to convey their feelings concerning their medical problems over social media platforms. Practitioners and health care workers have started to observe these discussions to assess the impact of health-related issues among the people. This helps in providing better care to improve the quality of life. Dementia is a serious disease in western countries like the United States of America and the United Kingdom, and the respective governments are providing facilities to the affected people. There is much chatter over social media platforms concerning the patients’ care, healthy measures to be followed to avoid disease, check early indications. These chatters have to be carefully monitored to help the officials take necessary precautions for the betterment of the affected. A novel Feature engineering architecture that involves feature-split for sentiment analysis of medical chatter over online social networks with the pipeline is proposed that can be used on any Machine Learning model. The proposed model used the fuzzy membership function in refining the outputs. The machine learning model has obtained sentiment score is subjected to fuzzification and defuzzification by using the trapezoid membership function and center of sums method, respectively. Three datasets are considered for comparison of the proposed and the regular model. The proposed approach delivered better results than the normal approach and is proved to be an effective approach for sentiment analysis of medical discussions over online social networks.
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MILITARY SERVANTS: HISTORICAL LAW ASPECTS
Authors:   Donetsk Law Institute, MIA of Ukraine, Mariupol, Severinova Oleksandra
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the historical law bases of legal responsibility of servicemen during armed conflicts. The typification of armed conflicts is classified and carried out on various grounds, including on the basis of evolutionary nature (four generations of wars). It is concluded that in the XXI century armed conflicts have a number of fundamentally new features (unconventionality, nonlinearity, irregularity, asymmetry and non-military nature), which distinguishes them from the armed confrontations of previous epochs and refers to the fourth generation wars. The analysis described the following similar terms: «war», «military conflict», «armed conflict», and identified similarities, identities or substantive differences between them, which is important for the correct legal classification of war crimes. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that today the aggressor states in armed conflicts use the so-called «hybrid means of warfare», which include, in addition to confrontation on the battlefield in the classical sense, confrontation on economic, informational, political and cultural fronts. The emergence of these new weapons requires the study of the essence of «hybrid» confrontation: the means, methods and tactics used, the purpose of defeat by one means or another to deter the aggressor states, as well as to counter them. The urgency of the topic is also due to the fact that Ukraine today, unfortunately, found itself in a state of armed confrontation, fell victim to a «hybrid conflict» on the part of the Russian Federation. As practice shows, the nature of the discussion of this problem and the process of developing and approving specific measures aimed at counteracting and deterring the aggressor state proves the inability of most international organizations responsible for international peace and security to address such issues in practice. From this point of view, a historical and legal analysis of the formation of the institution of legal responsibility of servicemen during armed conflicts, given the crucial importance of bringing to justice those guilty of war crimes.
INTRODUCTION OF THE SCANDINAVIAN MODEL OF PUBLIC SAFETY AND ORDER DURING MASS EVENTS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL POLICE OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Odessa State University of Internal Affairs, Ulianov Oleksiy , Nikolayev Oleksandr , Bakhchevan Yevhen ,   Odessa State University of Internal Affairs,   Odessa State University of Internal Affairs
Published: April 2021

The article reveals the features and advantages of the Scandinavian model of public order and security during mass events. One of the key elements of the new concept of public order protection is the introduction of «dialogue police». There are four points of view of this approach – first, get as much knowledge as possible about the composition of any crowd, second, learn to distinguish between different parts of the crowd and identify the possible risks, third, constant dialogue and communication with event organizers and crowd members and finally, assistance. The concept of public order is revealed. The legal basis for holding mass events in Ukraine is analyzed. It is established that the lack of a special law on holding mass events is one of the problems of realization of the Scandinavian model. According to the Article 39 of the Constitution of Ukraine, citizens have the right to assemble peacefully, without weapons and to hold meetings, rallies, marches and demonstrations, the holding of which is notified in advance to the executive authorities or local governments. Restrictions on the exercise of this right may be imposed by a court in accordance with the law and only in the interests of national security and public order – in order to prevent riots or crimes, to protect public health or to protect the rights and freedoms of others. According to the Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, relations in the field of holding mass events can only be regulated by law. To implement the basic principle of the «dialogue policing», which provides communication between the police and the organizers of mass events, it is important to establish a clear procedure for notification of such events. The necessity of adopting a special law on public events in Ukraine, as well as determining the procedure for notification of public events that must be submitted to the national police, has been substantiated.
EXTRADITION AS A CRIMINAL LAW INSTITUTION: PROBLEMS OF DEFINITION AND APPLICATION
Authors:   Donetsk Law Institute, MIA of Ukraine, Mariupol, Khobbi Yuliya
Published: April 2021

The article considers topical issues of definition and implementation of the institution of extradition in the criminal law of Ukraine. There is a view that extradition should be understood only as the institution of extradition of offenders, and the transfer of convicts to serve their sentences is an independent institution of criminal law. In our opinion, this statement cannot be accepted, as it concerns an identical procedure, the systemic material and legal feature of which is its security focus on the realization of individual criminal responsibility, and this view is supported by lexical analysis of terminological concepts "extradition" and «transfer». as identical in factual content. It is noted that the obligatory legal condition for extradition (as well as transfer) is a valid international agreement, the parties to which must be Ukraine and the state requesting the extradition of the person. It is proved that the institution of extradition has a complex interdisciplinary nature, because it arises at the crossroads of constitutional law, criminal law, criminal procedure and international law. It allows to define it as a comprehensive legal procedure for transferring a person to another state to implement the principle of inevitability of criminal liability, regardless of the place of temporary actual stay. It is shown that the main task of the institute of extradition is to ensure the inevitability of bringing a person guilty of a crime to criminal responsibility, which allows to determine the fundamental basis and essence of this institution as a criminal law. It is emphasized that the institution of extradition is complex, combining the extradition of persons suspected of committing a crime and persons convicted of a crime, and both cases of its application have a common purpose – to ensure that the person guilty of the crime is prosecuted.
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE DEVELOPMENT OF STAFF CAPACITY OF THE NATIONAL POLICE
Authors:   Donetsk Law Institute, MIA of Ukraine, Mariupol, Koliesnik Tetyana
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of improving the development of staff capacity and human resource management in the National Police of Ukraine. It is analyzed the domestic and foreign experience of personnel management in the police as an important factor in achieving the strict observance of human rights by police, the implementation of their service function, the formation of new motivation of professional development for police, the development of communication skills and other professionally important individual psychological qualities. The purpose of the article, in accordance with a clearly formulated and properly updated thematic problem, is a research of problematic aspects of administrative and legal providing the training for the National Police of Ukraine and ways’ identification of their improvement on the base of analysis of national and international legislation and generalization of its implementation. The new requirements facing law enforcement managers today require the mastering modern approaches to personnel management. In the middle of the world's progressive concepts of police management in democracies is a human, the policeman, who is considered as the greatest value. The effective management systems are focused primarily on professional and personal growth, development of general and special skills of police officers so that they will be maximally used in professional activities, will be useful to society, contribute to the effectiveness of the law enforcement system. Of course, it is extremely difficult to achieve 100% job vacancies, but there are things that the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the National Police can do today to solve the problem of staffing. Summarizing the above, it should be noted that the issue of improving staff policy in the police is relevant, as currently there are not clearly such aspects as: professional selection of candidates for police service and holding vacant management positions; motivation, stimulation and personal development of staff. Therefore, in order to fully implement the requirements of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police of Ukraine” and increase the efficiency of staff management of the National Police, it is advisable to develop Regulations on the Personnel Department of the National Police of Ukraine to regulate staff issues.
JUDICIAL DOCTRINE AS A SOURCE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OF UKRAINE: GENERAL GNOSEOLOGICAL (EPISTEMIOLOGICAL) RESEARCH (PART ONE)
Authors:   Donetsk Law Institute, MIA of Ukraine, Kryvyi Rih, Shapar Artem , Yelaiev Yuriy ,   Council of Advocates of Dnipropetrovsk region
Published: April 2021

In this scientific article the research of judicial doctrine as a source of criminal procedure law of Ukraine is carried out. This article analyzes the ideas and theories of different jurists of the past and present in the field of judicial doctrine. At the same time, in the analysis of general issues related to judicial doctrine as a source of law, scientific research is carried out on the aspect of judicial doctrine as a source of criminal procedure law of Ukraine in particular. Also, the article states the opinion that it is possible to carry out scientific research in the field of distinguishing between the judicial doctrine of criminal procedure, on the one hand, and the judicial doctrine of criminal procedure law, on the other hand; exploring the common features and distinctive features of each of the above types of judicial doctrine in criminal proceedings. In addition, the article notes the idea that knowledge of judicial doctrine of criminal procedure (in particular), which will be distinguished from judicial doctrine (in general), is a promising area of further research. The article identifies the ways of scientific and educational comprehension of judicial doctrine as a source of criminal procedure law of Ukraine. In particular, the article addresses the possibility of considering and resolving the issue of introducing the teaching of a special training course titled «Criminal Procedure Doctrine» for students (cadets) of law universities (faculties) which carry out training for judicial and law enforcement (administering) public authorities (government agencies) of Ukraine. The gnoseological feature of this part of the scientific work is that it considers and analyzes the theories (concepts) of the scientific approach to the recognition of judicial doctrine as a source of law (including criminal procedure law). Please note that this article is the first part of a more significant amount of scientific work under the above title. The work on epistemological study of the field of judicial doctrine as a source of criminal procedure law of Ukraine continues.
QUALIFICATION OF CRIMES AGAINST LIFE: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Donetsk Law Institute, MIA of Ukraine, Mariupol, Peresada Olha
Published: April 2021

The article considers topical issues of definition and qualification of crimes against human life in Ukraine and abroad. It is proved that the problematic issue of criminal law protection of human life is a significant differentiation of approaches to determining the moment of its onset, which reflects the medical and social criteria for the formation of an individual who has the right to life. It is shown that Ukrainian criminal law gives a person the right to life from birth, while the correct approach is to recognize the beginning of human life and appropriate criminal protection from the moment of onset 10 days after conception, which is consistent with European experience (in particular, France) and sufficiently reflects the medical features of the period of formation of a full-fledged embryo. The article also addresses the issue of the fact that Section II of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine combines encroachment on two different generic objects - public relations for the protection of life and public relations for the protection of personal health. This provision of the criminal law of Ukraine does not correspond to the international practice on this issue. In addition, it is reasonable to believe that the two relevant categories of the object of criminal encroachment cannot be considered similar, as such an approach in certain cases can significantly complicate the classification of a criminal offense. It is emphasized that, given the exceptional importance of criminal law protection of human life, it is necessary to formulate a separate section of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which covers only crimes against life as the main object of criminal encroachment.
Chronic non-communicable diseases in the epidemic (COVID-19): Investigation of risk factors, control and care
Authors: Aleebrahim-Dehkordi Elahe , Deravi Niloofar , Reyhanian Ali , Saberianpour Shirin , Mokhtari Melika , Dehkordi Ali Hasanpour
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION. Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), global health problem and it is a threat to health and the development of countries. Currently, the number of people with COVID-19 as well as the resulting death toll is rising sharply worldwide. People with underlying diseases may be at greater risk.
AIM. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the chronic non-communicable diseases in the epidemic (COVID-19): Investigation of risk factors, control and care.
METERIALS AND METHODS. To access the articles, including international databases Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase were searched using the keywords of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), chronic, risk factors, prevention and control, self-efficacy and self-care and their various combinations using AND/OR operators. No language restrictions were applied to the search process.
RESULTS. Based on the evidence, NCDs, exacerbate the negative consequences of COVID-19. according to the results of this study, Among the patients admitted with COVID-19, The most common underlying diseases, were in these people, include, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), smoking, malignancy, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus. Obesity may be considered as a potential COVID-19 risk factor.
CONCLUSIONS. Although lifestyle, nutrition, and medical interventions are important for the early prevention of NCDs, having the tools and resources to use information more effectively is more important One of the determining and effective factors in maintaining health and preventing the aggravation of signs and symptoms of the disease COVID-19, especially in chronic diseases, is to perform self-care behaviors.
DAMPAK PENERAPAN TRANSAKSI E-COMMERCE MELALUI PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN (PPh)
Authors: Suprihatin Neneng Sri , Afriyanti Mukhlisah
Published: April 2021

.This study aims to analyze the implementation of income tax collection (PPh) on e-commerce transactions at KPP Pratama Pandeglang. as well as what obstacles are experienced in implementing Taxation on e-commerce transactions. The study was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods. The population of the study was 180,896, and 60 samples were taken, using the purposive sampling method. Data collected by questionnaire and observation methods, analyzed in detail. The results of the study can be concluded that: 1) Tax collection uses the Self Assessment System method, 2) Constraints in e-commerce tax collection are the e-commerce business people who have not been maximized, socialization has not been done thoroughly and e-commerce transactions that are difficult in the detection of a form of business which has its own problem, namely the difficulty of the government to establish clear and fair tax regulations.
Membangun Karakter Bangsa Suku Bajo dalam Perspektif Identitas Etnik
Authors: Yunus Rasid , Mondong Tonny Iskandar
Published: April 2021

Every problem that hits this nation is always closely related to the character of the nation, as happened in Pohuwato. Therefore, character problems must receive serious attention from all elements of society, government, educational institutions as well as in the implementation of socio-culture in society. During its development, national character development can be pursued with a variety of approaches, including through culture carried out by the community. The objectives of this study are: (1) The researcher wants to explore and find out in depth about the strengthening of the identity of the Bajo Tribe in Torosiaje Village, Pohuwato Regency; (2) The researcher wants to explore and know in depth the relationship between the local wisdom of the Bajo Tribe in Torosiaje Village, Pohuwato Regency with the character of the Indonesian Nation. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The specific target that the researcher wants to achieve is to know in depth the values contained in the ethnic traditions of the Bajo tribe in Torosiaje Village and their correlation with the development of national character in Pohuwato, as well as Gorontalo and Indonesia in general. Setiap permasalahan yang melanda bangsa ini selalu berkaitan erat dengan karakter bangsa, begitupun yang terjadi di Pohuwato. Oleh karena itu, permasalahan karakter haruslah mendapat perhatian serius dari seluruh elemen masyarakat, pemerintah, lembaga pendidikan maupun dalam pelaksanaan sosial budaya di masyarakat. Dalam perkembangannya, pembangunan karakter bangsa dapat ditempuh dengan berbagai macam pendekatan, diantaranya melalui budaya yang dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu : (1) Peneliti ingin menelusuri dan  mengetahui secara mendalam tentang penguatan identitas Suku Bajo yang berada di Desa Torosiaje Kabupaten Pohuwato; (2) Peneliti ingin menelusuri dan mengetahui secara mendalam kaitan antara kearifan lokal Suku Bajo yang berada di Desa Torosiaje Kabupaten Pohuwato dengan karakter Bangsa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Adapun target khusus yang ingin dicapai oleh peneliti yakni ingin mengetahui secara mendalam nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam tradisi etnik Suku Bajo yang berada di Desa Torosiaje  dan korelasinya dengan pembangunan karakter bangsa di Pohuwato, serta Gorontalo dan Indonesia pada umumnya.
Toxicological Evaluation of Kenaf Seed Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Oil in Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Abd Ghafar Siti Aisyah , Saiful Yazan Latifah , Fakhurazi Sharida , Ismail Maznah
Published: April 2021

Kenaf seed supercritical carbon dioxide oil (KSO-SFE) is known for its numerous health benefits such as high antioxidant activity, lower plasma cholesterol level, chemopreventive to cervical and colon cancer. As there has been no report of toxicological evaluation, present study was conducted to assess the toxicity effects of KSO-SFE at 500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg body weight/day on male Sprague Dawley rats for 90 days. Parameters measured were body and organs weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology of liver and kidneys. Induction with KSO-SFE showed lower creatinine level at all doses when compared with control group. Whereas lower plasma cholesterol level has been observed at 1000 and 1500 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. These slight changes were considered no toxicological significance. No mortality or treatment-related adverse effects in any of the parameters measured throughout the administration period even at the highest dose (1500 mg/kg bw). Based on these results, the no-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for KSO-SFE under the condition of this study corresponds to the highest dose (1500 mg/kg bw/day).
Application of the SWAT Model for Evaluating Discharge and Sediment Yield in the Huay Luang Catchment, Northeast of Thailand
Authors: Prasanchum Haris
Published: April 2021

The climate change and insufficient data of the discharge and sediment yield in the catchment system are the main cause of the conflict amongst the consumers. The application of a semi-distributed hydrologic model and geographic information system can be a solution to this conflict. This study implemented the SWAT model to estimate the discharge and sediment yield in the Huay Luang Catchment, Northeast of Thailand. The accuracy of the model was affirmed and compared with the data from the Kh103 observed station during 2008–2016 via SWAT-CUP. The study outcome suggested that the SWAT model provided favourable results compared to the observed data where R2, NSE, and PBIAS of the discharge were 0.79, 0.77, and -18.1% respectively and those of the sediment yield were 0.68, 0.65, and -22.7% respectively. Additionally, the quantitative analysis on 22 sub-catchments as the spatial map derived from the Watershed Delineation indicated that both discharge and sediment yield during 2008–2011 were higher than the regular values by 35.9% and 109.6% consecutively, whereas during 2012–2015 were lower than the regulars by 22.4% and 45.4%. In the raining season, more than 50% of the sub-catchments demonstrated 9–20 cubic meter per second of the discharge and 1,000–5,000 tons of the sediment yield, while during the drought season, both volumes in most of the catchments indicated less than 6 cubic meter per second and 1,000 tons, respectively. These happened due to the changes of the rainfall each year. Hopefully, the result and spatial information from this study could be a great contribution to the water resource management and development in any catchment with insufficient data.
C-reactive Protein (CRP) as Diagnostic Marker of Pneumonia in Children
Authors: Naz Iffat
Published: April 2021

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma tissue that mainly affects the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. The present research study is focused on assessment of the C-reactive protein (CRP) test as a tool marker for the diagnosis of pneumonia among children. In the current study, a total of 450 patients admitted to the children ward at Lady Reading Hospital (LRH) Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were selected, out of which 55% were male and 45% were female. In addition, two groups were designed according to age i.e. 1-8 years and 9-16 years of age with a frequency of 55 and 45%, respectively. In case of chest X-ray assessment, it was observed that all patients were highly susceptible to pneumonia infection, while from blood culture analysis, it was perceived that 419 patients (93%) were highly susceptible to pneumonia infection. Two bacterial isolates (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were characterised from all positive samples. In contrast with CRP assessment, 385 patients (85%) had positive CRP reports displaying more than 5 mg/L CRP values and 65 patients (15%) had negative CRP reports. Thus, it was concluded that patients with high CRP values presented clear evidence of a severe infection. Moreover, it is suggested that CRP is a sensitive, less time consuming and inexpensive technique; therefore, it has been recommended to be used as a tool marker along with other diagnostic techniques for the diagnosis of life-threaten infections to get a more clear picture about infections.
ANALISIS WILLINGNESS TO PAY DAN PENGARUH VARIABEL PENDAPATAN, JUMLAH TANGGUNGAN RUMAH TANGGA, USIA, AKSES KE SEKOLAH TERHADAP PEMILIHAN SERTA PENGEMBANGAN STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN SEKOLAH
Authors: Utami Christina , Padmalia Metta
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to estimate and analyze the willingness to pay  and fax tor the factors that affect the willingness to pay at High School in the of Semarang. The method used is Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and multiple linear regression analysis. The number of samples in this study were 238 respondents, the sampling technique was done by snowball sampling. The results of this study indicate that the average willingness to pay (WTP) of households in High Schools in Semarang is Rp.559.034,00. Factors that have a significant influence on WTP values are income variables, number of household dependents, age and length of access. Whereas the factors that have no effect on willingness to pay (WTP) are parents' education variables. Based on the results of the study, the suggestions that can be put forward are the management or the government to improve the quality of the Vocational School as well as the development of a transparency policy on the collection and allocation of user fees and other resources.
In Vitro Treg Immunosuppression Assay of GITR Proteins Could Elucidate the Autoimmune-mediated Mechanism Underlying Type 1 Narcolepsy
Authors: Cheng Yi-Hsiang , Gadziola Marie
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Type 1 narcolepsy is a hypersomnia sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleep and shallow NREM nighttime sleep. Deficiency of hypocretin-1 secreting neurons in the lateral hypothalamus is the primary cause of the disorder and studies demonstrated that these neurons were solely diminished in a brain region of remarkable heterogeneous neuronal population. Specific destruction of targeted neurons could be achieved via antigen presentation to immune cells, a characteristic of cell-mediated response in the adaptive immune system. Given that hypocretin-1 neurons were exclusively targeted, this cultivated significant interest in searching for an autoimmune-mediated mechanism but studies currently lack adequate knowledge and consistent results. In this research proposal, it is hypothesized that enhanced glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR) protein expression in T regulatory (Treg) cells results in defective suppression capacity of CD4+CD25+ T helper cells and defective self-tolerance thereby promoting destruction of hypocretin-1 secreting-neurons in the lateral hypothalamus of narcoleptics. The proposal devises a correlational study to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin-1 levels that were inversely proportional to GITR expression levels in Treg cells to assess the autoimmune nature of the disorder. This study is aimed at investigating how defective T regulatory cells respond in type 1 narcolepsy patients via CSF hypocretin-1 measurement and in vitro human T regulatory cell suppression assay.
An Examination of Third-Party Disapproval in Intercultural Couples
Authors: Christoforou Melanie
Published: April 2021

Intercultural couples tend to experience a unique set of challenges associated with them, such as disapproval from close social networks. This disapproval has been associated with decreased commitment and uncertainty within couples, leading to issues of trust between partners. The influence of third-party disapproval, however, affects a romantic couple differently depending on the source of the disapproval. Few studies have examined and compared the individual influences of family and friend disapproval on romantic relationships, and even less have researched these effects on intercultural dating couples. We used archival data from 63 heterosexual couples to examine the separate influences of family and friend disapproval on romantic investment while controlling for trust, which is a key factor in successful romantic relationships. As predicted, the results of the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analyses demonstrated that family and friend disapproval negatively affected one’s investment. Mediation analyses revealed that trust only mediated the relationship between friend disapproval and relationship investment, and not family disapproval. Limitations and future implications are discussed.
3-[(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)amino]propanoic acid (Vitamin B5): Its Synthesis, Transformation into Coenzyme A and Role in Disease
Authors: Imami Maliha
Published: April 2021

This is a paper on Vitamin B5, it’s role in coenzyme A synthesis and how deficiency of B5 can have catastrophic consequences of human health. In this review, the process of pantothenate synthesis in bacteria and plants will be explored, followed by the role of B5 in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). Understanding these mechanisms is of critical importance to nutritional and clinical authorities to aid the formation of guidelines that promote good health and clinical treatment. The biosynthesis pathway of pantothenate in pathogenic bacteria is of particular interest in the future design of antibiotic drugs as it contains many potential enzyme targets that are absent and unnecessary in humans. The importance of B5 and the CoA synthesis pathway is highlighted via a discussion of diseases that result or are linked with improper functioning of these systems. Subsequently, the paper explores the benefits of B5 supplementation for cholesterol and inflammation reduction and immune response during tuberculosis infection. The paper then explores the prevalence of poor vitamin B5 intake in certain populations to highlight where B5 consumption increases or supplementation should be promoted.
CRYPTOGRAPHIC AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL ZERO-KNOWLEDGE SECRET ON ELLIPTIC CURVES USING PUBLIC KEYS AND RANDOM MESSAGES
Authors:   О.S. Popov Odessa national academy of telecommunications, ONATSKIY A.V.
Published: April 2021

We propose a cryptographic protocol with zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) on elliptic curves (EC) using public keys and random messages, allowing to establish the truth of a statement not conveying any additional information about the statement itself. The cryptographic protocols based on zero-knowledge proof allow identification, key exchange and other cryptographic operations to be performed without leakage of sensitive information during the information exchange. The implementation of the cryptographic protocol of the zero-knowledge proof on the basis of the mathematical apparatus of elliptic curves allows to significantly reduce the size of the protocol parameters and increase its cryptographic strength (computational complexity of the breaking). The security of cryptosystems involving elliptic curves is based on the difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. We determine the completeness and correctness of the protocol and give an example of the calculation is given. The cryptographic protocol was modeled in the High-Level Protocol Specification Language, the model validation and verification of the protocol were also performed. The software verification of the cryptographic protocol was performed using the software modules On the Fly Model Checker and Constraint Logic based Attack Searcher. In order to validate the cryptographic protocol resistance to intruder attacks, we used the Security Protocol Animator package for Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications. The security of the proposed cryptographic protocol ZKP EC is based on the difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem). The recommended elliptical curves according to DSTU 4145-2002 may be used to implement such cryptographic protocol.
FEATURES OF DIAGNOSTIC ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR HYBRID EXPERT SYSTEMS
Authors:   Odessa National Maritime University, KONOVALOV S.
Published: April 2021

In the proposed article, various methods of constructing an artificial neural network as one of the components of a hybrid expert system for diagnosis were investigated. A review of foreign literature in recent years was conducted, where hybrid expert systems were considered as an integral part of complex technical systems in the field of security. The advantages and disadvantages of artificial neural networks are listed, and the main problems in creating hybrid expert systems for diagnostics are indicated, proving the relevance of further development of artificial neural networks for hybrid expert systems. The approaches to the analysis of natural language sentences, which are used for the work of hybrid expert systems with artificial neural networks, are considered. A bulletin board is shown, its structure and principle of operation are described. The structure of the bulletin board is divided into levels and sublevels. At sublevels, a confidence factor is applied. The dependence of the values of the confidence factor on the fulfillment of a particular condition is shown. The links between the levels and sublevels of the bulletin board are also described. As an artificial neural network architecture, the «key-threshold» model is used, the rule of neuron operation is shown. In addition, an artificial neural network has the property of training, based on the application of the penalty property, which is able to calculate depending on the accident situation. The behavior of a complex technical system, as well as its faulty states, are modeled using a model that describes the structure and behavior of a given system. To optimize the data of a complex technical system, an evolutionary algorithm is used to minimize the objective function. Solutions to the optimization problem consist of Pareto solution vectors. Optimization and training tasks are solved by using the Hopfield network. In general, a hybrid expert system is described using semantic networks, which consist of vertices and edges. The reference model of a complex technical system is stored in the knowledge base and updated during the acquisition of new knowledge. In an emergency, or about its premise, with the help of neural networks, a search is made for the cause and the control action necessary to eliminate the accident. The considered approaches, interacting with each other, can improve the operation of diagnostic artificial neural networks in the case of emergency management, showing more accurate data in a short time. In addition, the use of such a network for analyzing the state of health, as well as forecasting based on diagnostic data using the example of a complex technical system, is presented.
The Values of Islamic Education in Use of Songket for Male and Female
Authors: Indra Indra , Ismatul Maula  , Irlina Dewi
Published: April 2021

Riau is One of the targets to be achieved in national development is economic growth that can accelerate the growth of employment opportunities, so that economic development is the most important field for improving people's lives and welfare. The economic field has become a dynamist of change, namely walking ahead and driving the development of other fields. Besides playing a role in providing employment, small industry and home industry also play a role in improving the community's economy. One of the household handicraft industries is the songket fabric industry. Songket cloth is a cloth that is usually worn or worn as a bandage for the bottom of women's clothing. Songket cloth is usually worn at certain times during wedding celebrations. Songket cloth is a traditional heritage cloth from the ancestors of the people of South Sumatra. The raw materials for activities in analyzing data start from classification, categorization and interpretation, to discussion. The implementation of Islamic educational values in the use of male and female songket fabrics is in fact implicit in every stage of the procession of customs. Because this research looks more at the values of Islamic education in the use of male and female songket cloths, it is recommended that other researchers conduct broader and more comprehensive research in order to obtain more data good again.