bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic status of the rare Himalayan wolf snake Lycodon mackinnoni Wall, 1906 (Serpentes: Colubridae)
Authors: NAWANI SWATI , DEEPAK V. , GAUTAM KUMUDANI BALA , GUPTA SANDEEP KUMAR , BORUAH BITUPAN , DAS ABHIJIT
Published: May 2021

Lycodon mackinnoni is a poorly known Himalayan endemic snake known from Western Himalaya. Since the original description of L. mackinnoni almost 112 years ago, this species was not reported from its type locality and its phylogenetic position remain unknown. We herein, provide detail morphological description, comparison with type material, phylogenetic relationship with its congeners and new natural history information.
Dilatapalochrus gen. nov.—a new species and a new genus of soft-winged flower beetle of the tribe Apalochrini (Coleoptera: Malachiidae) from East Africa
Authors: TSHERNYSHEV SERGEI E.
Published: May 2021

A new genus, Dilatapalochrus Tshernyshev gen. nov., from East Africa is described in the tribe Apalochrini with Dilatapalochrus vikhrevi Tshernyshev, sp. nov. designated at the type species. Male external appearance and special male characters for the new species are illustrated. Placement of the genus in the tribe Apalochrini is discussed, and a key to genera of the tribe occurring in Africa is provided.
Unveiling the mysteries of SST evolutions in the equatorial Pacific at the onset of El Niño events
Authors: Zou Youjia , Xi Xiangying
Published: May 2021

It is generally accepted that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates interannual climate variability. Yet its genesis and maintenance mechanisms are still under intense debate with no scientific consensus. Some authors argued that the westerly winds originating over the equatorial Indian Ocean significantly enhanced and extended eastward in the western and central equatorial Pacific during El Niño events, thus advecting the warm pool eastward along the equator and causing SST anomalies. However, this assertion is unlikely to be quantitatively supported by observational data. Here we present detailed observational data and modeling evidence to demonstrate that the westerly winds remained little changein intensity in the western equatorial Pacific, with a wider zonal extent only during most El Niño events, and with a slight increase even if in the most pronounced 1997 El Niño. Instead, an eastward equatorial current near the equator has been observed and considered to play a significant role in shifting the eastern edge of the warm pool eastward, elevating SSTs in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific and giving rise to El Niño, with the interactions between the eastward warm pool and the upwelling in the eastern cold tongue ascertaining the amplitudes of SST anomalies.
The Effects of Language Barriers and Time Constraints on Online Learning Performance: An Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Jónsdóttir Auður Anna , Kang Ziho , Sun Tianchen , Mandal Saptarshi , Kim Ji-Eun
Published: May 2021

Objective

The goal of this study is to model the effect of language use and time pressure on English as a first language (EFL) and English as a second language (ESL) students by measuring their eye movements in an on-screen, self-directed learning environment.

Background

Online learning is becoming integrated into learners’ daily lives due to the flexibility in scheduling and location that it offers. However, in many cases, the online learners often have no interaction with one another or their instructors, making it difficult to determine how the learners are reading the materials and whether they are learning effectively. Furthermore, online learning may pose challenges to those who face language barriers or are under time pressure.

Method

The effects of two factors, language use (EFL vs. ESL) and time constraints (high vs. low time pressure), were investigated during the presentation of online materials. The effects were analyzed based on eye movement measures (eye fixation rate—the total number of eye fixations divided by the task duration and gaze entropy) and behavioral measures (correct rate and task completion time).

Results

The results show that the ESL students had higher eye fixation rates and longer task completion times than the EFL students. Moreover, high time pressure resulted in high fixation rates, short task completion time, low correct rates, and high gaze entropy.

Conclusion and Application

The results suggest the possibility of using unobtrusive eye movement measures to develop ways to better assist those who struggle with learning in the online environment.
Effect of Handrail Height and Age on Trunk and Shoulder Kinematics Following Perturbation-Evoked Grasping Reactions During Gait
Authors: Komisar Vicki , Novak Alison C.
Published: May 2021

Objective

To characterize the effect of handrail height and age on trunk and shoulder kinematics, and concomitant handrail forces, on balance recovery reactions during gait.

Background

Falls are the leading cause of unintentional injury in adults in North America. Handrails can significantly enhance balance recovery and help individuals to avoid falls, provided that their design allows users across the lifespan to reach and grasp the rail after balance loss, and control their trunk by applying hand-contact forces to the rail. However, the effect of handrail height and age on trunk and shoulder kinematics when recovering from perturbations during gait is unknown.

Method

Fourteen younger and 13 older adults experienced balance loss (sudden platform translations) while walking beside a height-adjustable handrail. Handrail height was varied from 30 to 44 inches (76 to 112 cm). Trunk and shoulder kinematics were measured via 3D motion capture; applied handrail forces were collected from load cells mounted to the rail.

Results

As handrail height increased (up to 42 inches/107 cm), peak trunk angular displacement and velocity generally decreased, while shoulder elevation angles during reaching and peak handrail forces did not differ significantly between 36 and 42 inches (91 and 107 cm). Age was associated with reduced peak trunk angular displacements, but did not affect applied handrail forces.

Conclusion

Higher handrails (up to 42 inches) may be advantageous for trunk control when recovering from destabilizations during gait.

Application

Our results can inform building codes, workplace safety standards, and accessibility standards, for safer handrail design.
The application of basketball technology multimedia computer-assisted instruction courseware in physical education
Authors: Sun Feng , Zheng Chao
Published: May 2021

Computer-assisted instruction, as a new type of education method, uses modern media to optimize the classroom teaching structure. Multimedia technology integrates graphics, text and sound into one, with a large amount of information, rich content, good human-computer interaction, timely feedback, can effectively stimulate students’ interest, attract students’ attention, and enable students to produce strong Learn the desire to develop students’ active learning ideas. We should adapt to the changes of modern teaching methods as soon as possible, combine traditional physical education teaching methods with multimedia computer networks, and effectively carry out physical education teaching activities. Basketball is one of the majors in college sports competition teaching, and it is also one of the sports that college students like to see. For a long time, the teaching of basketball has been carried out through the teaching and demonstration of teachers, which is a bit boring and weak in the face of the infinite charm of basketball. Nowadays, CAI courseware will inject new vitality and vitality into traditional basketball teaching. In order to combine this method organically with basketball teaching, this research develops a set of CAI courseware based on network basketball tactics based on the characteristics of basketball tactics and the development of computer multimedia courseware. CAI is the abbreviation of computer-assisted instruction. The basketball class of the second-grade students of the general department of the university conducted an eight-week teaching experiment to explore the feasibility of applying CAI courseware in basketball teaching, and provided a feasible reference for the physical education teachers to develop teaching courseware and timely application in basketball teaching.
Evaluation of Conscious Monitoring and Movement Control Efforts Among Dental Students
Authors: El-Kishawi Mohamed , Khalaf Khaled , Kawas Sausan Al
Published: May 2021

Prior research has demonstrated that motor skill learning is often disrupted by self-focus and attempts to control movement. The propensity for reinvestment (i.e., self-focus and movement control) has been associated with poor motor skill learning in sport and surgery, but it has not yet been examined in dental education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the propensity for disruptive reinvestment among dental students so as to optimize their learning needs. Volunteer dental students (210) completed three reinvestment surveys to investigate their self-reported propensity to engage in conscious self-monitoring and control of their movements and decisions. We used analysis of variance (ANOVA), with post-hoc analyses as appropriate, to assess the effect of various participant demographics on their reinvestment scores. Male participants had a lower mean reinvestment scale score than females ( p < .05). Older participants were found to have a lower mean movement reinvestment score, compared to younger reinvesters ( p < .05). On the other hand, younger reinvesters had a lower mean decision reinvestment score compared to the older age group ( p < .05). When compared with participants in previous studies our participants obtained a significantly higher reinvestment score ( p < .05). In conclusion, gender and age may be related to dental students’ self-reported propensity to reinvest. Moreover, dental students were found to be more self-conscious when compared with individuals who perform gross motor skill tasks. These results provide insight into the acquisition of dental skills that may assist in designing pre-clinical training curriculum in dental education.
Translating Research-Funded Mobile Produce Market Trials Into Sustained Public Health Programs
Authors: Evans E. Whitney , Lyerly Reece , Gans Kim M. , Alexander Scott Nicole , Cohen Eliza Dexter , Lawson Eliza , Nunn Amy
Published: May 2021

Food on the Move is an ongoing mobile produce market program in Rhode Island whose operations evolved from previous mobile market programs evaluated by 2 research studies: (1) one on Fresh to You, a prospective cohort study evaluating markets at community sites serving low-income families; and (2) one on Live Well, Viva Bien, a cluster randomized controlled trial evaluating markets and complementary nutrition interventions at public housing sites. The 2 studies spanned more than a decade and demonstrated the effect of mobile produce markets on access to, affordability of, and consumption of fruit and vegetables in low-income communities in Rhode Island. When grant funding ended in 2016, academic and community partners continued the mobile market program as Food on the Move. The Rhode Island Public Health Institute adopted the program model and developed a business plan to maximize market efficiency. To address price as a barrier to buying fruit and vegetables, the Institute implemented an innovative incentive program for purchases made with Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, funded by a federal Food Insecurity Nutrition Incentive grant program. In 2018, Food on the Move sold more than $160 000 in produce at 335 markets, more than $50 000 of which came from these SNAP incentive programs. For sustained change in communities, researchers and community partners need examples of how to translate findings from research trials into public health practice. Food on the Move serves as a case study for the successful transition of community-focused research into a sustainable and scalable evidence-based program.
Comparative assessment between bio-adhesive material and silk suture in regard to healing, clinical attachment level and width of keratinized gingiva in gingival recession defects cases
Authors: Kang Jing , Yi Min , Chen Jie , Peng Minghui
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to compare the silk suture with a cyanoacrylate adhesive to stabilize the free gingival graft in conjunction with Er: YAG laser-assisted recipient site preparation to augment the keratinized tissue in gingival recession cases. This randomized trial comprised of 300 recession defects patients. All the included patients were diagnosed using Miller class I and II gingival recession defects classification. Group I sites were treated with a free gingival graft (FGG) harvested using an Er: YAG laser and further sutured with silk. Group II sites were stabilized with isoamyl 2 cyanoacrylate bio-adhesive material. Clinical parameters, such as gingival recession depth, clinical attachment level, gain in gingival tissue thickness, and width of keratinized gingiva were recorded at baseline, and at third month, sixth month, and 12th month postoperatively. The mean changes in gingival recession from months 3 to 6 and months and 6 to 12 were significant ( p < 0.05) in both groups. However, the improvement in recession depth was better in group II than in group I. The mean change in clinical attachment level did not differ significantly between the groups at the different time intervals. However, values tended to be higher in group II than in group I. The width of the keratinized gingiva tended to be higher from baseline to 3 months, baseline to 6 months, baseline to 12 months, 3 to 6 months, and from 6 to 12 months in group II as compared with group I ( p > 0.05). Cyanoacrylate could be used as a substitute to silk sutures to stabilize FGGs. Cyanoacrylate was easy to apply, consumed less operating time, and was considered equally efficacious for stabilizing FGGs.
Transnational mediumship and the development of a transhistorical self in the Vale do Amanhecer
Authors: Pierini Emily
Published: May 2021

The mediumistic practices of the Brazilian Spiritualist Christian Order Vale do Amanhecer (Valley of the Dawn) are spreading transnationally through migration and spiritual tourism. This article illustrates the mediums’ circulation between Brazil and Europe, how they forge sacred spaces and mediumistic bodies, and the challenges of translation of the doctrine and rituals. It then proposes a phenomenological approach to the transnational circulation of mediumistic practices focussing on the experiences of mediums, analysing a particular conceptualisation of the self in a transhistorical dimension, which may foster or inhibit transnational mobility. It argues that the notion of a transhistorical self in the context of transnational mediumship gives rise to new configurations of the relationship among place, history, and self, allowing new embodied spatial dispositions and ways of knowing while expanding possibilities of being and belonging trans-space and time.
Clergy Who Leave Congregational Ministry: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Hamm Allison K. , Eagle David E.
Published: May 2021

Since its inception in the 1960s, research on premature (i.e., pre-retirement) clergy attrition from congregational ministry has focused on identifying the factors that precipitate and mitigate ministry exits, while the rates at which clergy leave the ministry have been inconsistently tracked. The literature on clergy attrition is peppered with claims of alarmingly high rates of departure; however, these studies lack strong empirical support. The evidence, while fragmentary, consistently shows that pastors do not leave congregational ministry in large numbers. Incidence of attrition of about 1%–2% per year is typical across Protestant denominations and among Roman Catholic priests. In addition, contrary to popular conceptions, there is little evidence attrition is particularly high in the first 5 years of congregational ministry. In terms of the reasons for leaving, among Protestants, the most common factor named is conflict with the congregation or denominational system; a smaller number leave to pursue personal goals or to care for family. Among Catholics, loneliness and isolation, tied in major part to the celibacy requirement, are the most significant reasons cited for leaving. Finances or a loss of faith are rarely cited as reasons for leaving among either Catholics or Protestants.
Gender Role Ideologies, Marital Satisfaction, and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Evangelical Women
Authors: Horrell Kerry E. , Elizabeth Lewis Hall M. , Anderson Tamara L. , Lee Grace
Published: May 2021

Recent research has demonstrated that egalitarian gender role ideologies are associated with higher marital satisfaction and higher psychological well-being. However, there has been little research investigating whether gender role ideologies in Evangelical populations follow these same trends. The current study examined how gender role ideologies in an Evangelical population are related to marital satisfaction and eudaimonic well-being, as well as the role of locus of control in these relationships. Three hundred sixty-three Evangelical Christian women were administered a survey containing measures of gender role ideology, marital satisfaction, eudaimonic well-being, and locus of control. No bivariate relationship was found between marital satisfaction and gender role ideologies. However, locus of control significantly moderated this relationship, such that the relationship was only significant for women with a more external locus of control. Specifically, externalizing women evidenced a significant positive relationship between egalitarian gender role ideologies and marital satisfaction, whereas the relationship was not significant for internalizing women. Moreover, egalitarian gender role ideologies were found to be positively related to eudaimonic well-being. The results of this research expand the current body of literature surrounding gender role ideologies within religious populations, specifically regarding outcomes that are associated with holding specific gender role ideologies.
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors: game changers when handled with care?
Authors: Htet Zay M , Karim Mahzuz
Published: May 2021

Recent years have seen a paradigm shift in the management of patients with diabetes mellitus. Rather than good glycaemic control being the sole primary aim, the therapeutic focus has broadened to consider potential additional cardiovascular and renal benefits. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, such as empagliflozin, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin, have gained increasing prominence, with evidence suggesting significant improvement in outcomes in patients with established cardiovascular and renal disease. Here, we discuss the benefits and relative risks of these novel agents and highlight important clinical issues of relevance to general physicians.
Adaptive neural network command filtered backstepping impedance control for uncertain robotic manipulators with disturbance observer
Authors: Lin Gaorong , Shan Bingqiang , Ma Yumei , Tian Xincheng , Yu Jinpeng
Published: May 2021

In this paper, an adaptive neural network command filtered backstepping impedance control method is developed for uncertain robotic manipulators with disturbance observer. First, an adaptive neural network algorithm is used to estimate the uncertain dynamics in the robot system. Second, impedance control is introduced to adjust the force and position relationship in physical human–robot interaction (pHRI). Third, a disturbance observer is employed to estimate the unknown external disturbance in the environment and compensate the control system to improve the safety of pHRI. Then, the command filtered technique can overcome problems of the ‘computational complexity’ and ‘singularity’ of traditional backstepping design. Finally, the simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method in pHRI.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 anxiety on learning burnout in Vietnamese students
Authors: Vu Ba Tuan , Bosmans Guy
Published: May 2021

It is becoming clear that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating psychological impact on Vietnamese society, but little is known about its impact on Vietnamese students. In the current study, we evaluated whether anxiety of contracting COVID-19 is related to students’ learning burnout. Specifically, we tested two months into the pandemic whether this anxiety is linked to pupils’ learning exhaustion and cynicism. The data includes 652 Vietnamese students (56.3% girls) with Mage = 12.6 ( SD = 1.0). The data were collected using a self-report questionnaire during an online survey. Two Multiple Linear Regression Analyses tested the associations between COVID-19 anxiety and learning-related exhaustion (Model 1) and learning-related cynicism (Model 2), controlling for general depression, gender and grade. Results show that COVID-19 anxiety significantly and uniquely links to learning-related cynicism but not learning exhaustion, suggesting that the pandemic affects Vietnamese students’ ability to thrive through education.
Performance anxiety experiences and coping techniques of Turkish music students and their teachers
Authors: Cornett Vanessa , Urhan Gülbahar
Published: May 2021

This study investigated the music performance anxiety experiences of musicians in Turkey ( N = 270), including their physical and cognitive symptoms of anxiety, their methods of coping with performance stress, and their perceived need for related resources. Analysis of the data revealed statistically significant differences in gender, with female music students reporting more frequent performance anxiety symptoms than male students. Reported physical and cognitive symptoms varied across age groups. The anxiety management solutions mentioned most frequently among students included increasing practice and self-motivation; other solutions included engaging in informal performances, practicing meditation or breathing exercises, or relying on medication or alcohol. Almost a quarter (23.5%) of students surveyed indicated they do not know how to manage their anxiety or have not found a workable solution. When asked what additional resources were needed, a third of music students and half of the music teachers surveyed indicated a desire for greater psychological support in the music schools. Others expressed interest in new courses on performance psychology, working with an expert in the field, participating in more required performance events, and having wider access to books and printed resources.
Association of dietary fiber and risk of hip fracture in men from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study and the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project
Authors: Dai Zhaoli , Hirani Vasant , Sahni Shivani , Felson David T. , Naganathan Vasi , Blyth Fiona , Le Couteur David , Handelsman David , Seibel Markus J , Waite Louise , Kiel Douglas P , Cumming Robert
Published: May 2021

Background:

Data in the Offspring Framingham Osteoporosis Study (FOS) suggested that higher intake of dietary fiber was modestly protective against loss of bone mineral density at the femoral neck in men but not in women.

Aim:

To examine the relationship of fiber intake with risk of hip fractures in men.

Methods:

We included 367 men from the FOS Original cohort, 1730 men from the FOS Offspring cohort, and 782 men from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP) in the analysis. Incident fractures were defined as medically confirmed first occurrence of osteoporotic fractures at the proximal femur. Fiber intake was estimated via a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) or diet history. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled relative risk in meta-analysis.

Results:

Seventy-two incident hip fractures were identified, of which 24 occurred in the FOS Original cohort [mean (SD): age 75.3 (5.1) years; follow-up time: 8.5 (6.2) years; dietary fiber: 19 (8) (g/d)], 19 in the FOS Offspring cohort [58.8 (9.8) years; 11.0 (5.9) years; 19 (8) (g/d)], and 29 in CHAMP [81.4 (4.5) years; 5.2 (1.5) years; 28 (10) (g/d)]. We did not find significant associations within each cohort between fiber intake and risk of hip fractures. The pooled HR (95% CI) was 0.80 (0.39, 1.66) comparing energy-adjusted dietary fiber at tertile 3 vs. tertile 1 (I2 = 0, p = 0.56).

Conclusion:

These data suggested that dietary fiber was not associated with risk of incident hip fractures in men.
The discourses surrounding long-distance romantic relationships and perceived network support: A mixed methods investigation
Authors: Johnson Rebecca M. , Hall Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2021

This multi-method investigation focuses on perceived network support and its association with well-being for people in long-distance romantic relationships (LDRRs). In Study 1, interviews with 35 individuals in LDRRs were conducted. Analysis identified a general lack of support and understanding of LDRRs from peers and explored how partners manage unsupportive discourses. Study 2 quantitatively examined perceived network support for relationships and relational partners, and the association between perceived support and relational well-being. Participants ( N = 217) in LDRRs and geographically-close romantic relationships (GCRRs) completed online surveys. Results indicated that LDRR participants reported significantly lower network support for their relationship compared to those in GCRRs, but no significant differences were found for relational well-being. Perceiving support for one’s romantic partner from one’s network was predictive of relational well-being regardless of relationship type.
Challenges in translational research: MDMA in the laboratory versus therapeutic settings
Authors: de Wit Harriet , Bershad Anya K , Grob Charles
Published: May 2021

Despite substantial progress in the use of mind-altering drugs to treat psychiatric disorders, the psychological processes through which these drugs change mood or behavior are poorly understood. Controlled laboratory studies with well-defined psychological constructs are valuable to understand how these drugs manifest their therapeutic benefit. However, there are substantial methodological differences between clinical studies investigating therapeutic outcome and laboratory studies investigating the processes that might underlie the therapeutic effects. Here, we examine some of these differences using the example of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). We review differences in expectancies, social and physical context, participant characteristics, pharmacological factors, and outcome measures in studies with participants who do or do not have psychiatric diagnoses. We describe the challenges and opportunities in translating findings from laboratory studies to the clinic and identify ways to bridge the gap between these approaches.
Role of the norepinephrine transporter polymorphisms in atomoxetine treatment: From response to side effects in children with ADHD
Authors: Gul Melike Kevser , Sener Elif Funda , Onal Muge Gulcihan , Demirci Esra
Published: May 2021

Objective:

Atomoxetine (ATX), one of the most commonly used drugs after stimulants in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment, is an inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter ( NET/SLC6A2), which is also associated with the etiology of ADHD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of NET gene polymorphisms on response to ATX treatment and to find the answers to the questions about whether there is a relationship between the severity of the disorder and the observed side effects in children with ADHD.

Method:

About 100 children with ADHD and 80 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. The dose of ATX was started at 0.5 mg/kg/day and titrated at 1.2 mg/kg/day. Response to treatment of 78 patients was evaluated 2 months after the beginning of the treatment. After whole blood samples were obtained, DNAs were isolated, and samples were stored at −80°C. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12708954 and rs3785143) were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results:

The patients with both rs12708954 and rs3785143 heterozygous genotype had better treatment response and more side effects than patients with wild type. There was not found any association between any of the investigated NET polymorphisms and ADHD severity.

Conclusion:

It was, however, found that the NET rs12708954 and rs3785143 genotypes affect the treatment response to ATX in our study; thus, further studies with a large population are needed to understand the effects of NET polymorphisms on treatment, side effects, and also the severity of ADHD.
Diagnostic values of MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-11, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, CEA, and CA19-9 in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang Xiwen , Lan Yongquan , Li En , Li Jiaquan , Deng Qiaoting , Deng Xunwei
Published: May 2021

Objective

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and lethal malignancies. The identification of precise and noninvasive biomarkers is urgently needed to aid the early diagnosis and clinical management of CRC.

Methods

A total of 112 patients with CRC and 115 healthy control subjects were included in this study. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, MMP-9, MMP-11, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 levels were measured using an automatic immunoassay analyzer.

Results

MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-11, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, CEA, and CA19-9 levels were all significantly higher in CRC patients compared with healthy controls. MMP-7, TIMP-1, and CEA levels were also closely related to clinicopathologic features in patients with CRC. The combination of serum CEA, MMP-7, and TIMP-1 significantly improved the diagnostic value compared with any single marker (area under the curve 0.858–0.890). Furthermore, a combined detection model including MMP-7, TIMP-1, and CEA improved both the specificity and sensitivity for detecting CRC.

Conclusions

The results showed that combined detection of CEA, MMP-7, and TIMP-1 in serum could provide a specific and sensitive biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC.
Measuring Self-Serving Cognitive Distortions with Special Reference to Juvenile Delinquency: A Validation of the “How I Think” Questionnaire in a Sample of Portuguese Adolescents
Authors: Gomes Hugo S. , Andrade Joana , Ferreira Marcos , Peixoto Maria Manuela , Farrington David P. , Maia Angela
Published: May 2021

The present study aims to test the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the “How I Think” (HIT) questionnaire. The HIT questionnaire is a self-report measure of self-serving cognitive distortions. Our sample was comprised of 442 Portuguese-speaking adolescents and young adults (254 males and 188 females), aged between 12 and 20 years. Of the total 442 participants, 351 were recruited from a Portuguese school and 91 from four Portuguese detention centers for juvenile delinquents. Data analysis provided evidence supporting the original six-factor model solution, composed of a four-category typology of self-serving cognitive distortions (i.e., Selfcentered, Blaming Others, Minimizing/Mislabeling, and Assuming the Worst), an Anomalous responding, and one Positive filler factor. Further, results showed satisfactory internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. In conclusion, this article provides Portuguese researchers and practitioners with a valid measure of self-serving cognitive distortions.
Occupational therapy and psychosis: POINTER feasibility study for a pragmatic clinical trial
Authors: Inman Joanne , Bannigan Katrina , Akhurst Jacqueline
Published: May 2021

Introduction

The dearth of clinical trials of individualised occupational therapy with people with a diagnosis of psychosis limits the evidence base globally for occupational therapy practice. This study evaluated the feasibility of conducting a pragmatic clinical trial.

Method

Mixed methods design using a pragmatic perspective; two-centre, one-group pretest-posttest study, at six months. POINTER Occupational Intervention Specification captured routine individualised occupational therapy. Process evaluation included recruitment, retention, intervention delivery, fidelity, adherence and outcome measurement. The primary outcome was participation in activities of everyday life, measured by Time Use Survey, Participation Scale and Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure measured self-reported experience of and satisfaction with occupational performance. The Short Form-36v2 Health Survey measured health-related quality of life, a secondary outcome. Participants’ experiences were explored using a questionnaire. Intervention providers’ perspectives were investigated via the POINTER occupational intervention log and focus groups.

Results

Recruitment was (20/36) and drop-out 20% (4/20). Fidelity was 77%, and adherence was good; POINTER had validity and utility. Outcome measurement was acceptable to participants, indicating increased participation in activities of everyday life.

Conclusion

A larger clinical trial is merited; recruitment processes need further exploration, and outcome measurement needs refining.
Determination of the optimal cutoff values and validity of the Purdue Pegboard Test
Authors: Sigirtmac Ilkem Ceren , Oksuz Cigdem
Published: May 2021

Introduction

The Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) is crucial for assessing fine dexterity of patients with hand injury. Determining the PPT cutoff value is needed to distinguish patients with impaired hand dexterity from those with unimpaired hand dexterity. The aim of this article is to examine the construct validity of PPT and to determine its cutoff values for patients with hand injuries.

Method

The PPT and Disabilities of Arm Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire Turkish version (DASH-T) were used to measure hand dexterity. To examine construct validity, we measured the correlation between PPT and DASH-T. The cutoff values were determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve generated with sensitivity and 1-specificity. We recruited 101 patients with hand injury and 162 healthy participants.

Results

Correlation between all subtests of PPT and DASH-T were weak ( r = −0.282; −0.473: p<0.05). The cutoff value for the assembly subtest of PPT was 24.5. The range of area under the curve (AUC) values for PPT subtests was good to excellent (AUC: 0.82–0.92).

Conclusion

The current study demonstrates that PPT is a valid instrument for measuring hand dexterity in patients with hand injury. Results also suggest that PPT distinguished the patients with impaired hand function from those with unimpaired hand dexterity.
Effects of a nurse–occupational therapist meeting on function and motivation in hospitalized elderly patients: A pilot randomized control trial
Authors: Kondo Ken , Noguchi Naoto , Teshima Ryoto , Tanaka Koji , Lee Bumsuk
Published: May 2021

Introduction

This pilot randomized controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of a nurse–occupational therapist meeting on improving motor and social-cognitive functions, as well as motivation, in a subacute hospital setting.

Methods

Participants were randomized to a weekly multidisciplinary team meeting group (‘control’, n = 20) or a nurse–occupational therapist meeting group (‘intervention’, n = 18). Medical care plans in both groups were discussed in the weekly meeting. In addition, the details of daily life problems for the intervention patients were discussed in the nurse–occupational therapist meeting. Outcome measures included motor and social-cognitive functions assessed by the Functional Independence Measure and motivation assessed by the Vitality Index. Assessment time points were at admission and discharge.

Results

In the intervention group, additional improvements were found in the Functional Independence Measure cognitive ( p = 0.048, r = 0.32) and the Vitality Index ( p = 0.027, r = 0.36), whereas the Functional Independence Measure motor was improved in both groups ( p ≤ 0.018, r ≥ 0.52).

Conclusion

We found significant improvement in motor function in both groups and additional improvements in social-cognitive function and motivation in the intervention group. These observations suggest that collaborative practice between nurses and occupational therapists could improve functions underlying independent daily life in hospitalized elderly patients.
The relationship between cognitive function and performance in instrumental activities of daily living in older adults
Authors: Toth Cheryl , Tulliani Nikki , Bissett Michelle , Liu Karen PY
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Deficits in cognition have been found to be associated with problems in performing daily activities; however, it is unknown what specific domains of cognition are related to each daily activity.

Method

Thirty-six occupational therapists identified the 20 most important instrumental activities of daily living for older adults and the cognitive demands required. Thirty-two older adults rated the perceived mental effort when performing these activities. They were assessed on their cognitive functions. Descriptive statistics were used to report the results. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to identify relationships between cognitive functions and perceived mental effort.

Results

Activities relating to ‘communication’, ‘financial management’, ‘health management’ and ‘safety and emergency management’ require more cognitive demands. Results from the older adults showed the highest significant correlations in immediate memory and ‘paying bills’ ( r = 0.54), delayed memory and ‘following emergency procedures’ and ‘paying bills’ ( rs = 0.52), and executive functioning and ‘making and keeping medical appointments’ ( r = −0.49).

Conclusion

Findings contribute to the emerging understanding of specific cognitive domains related to the instrumental activities of daily living. The results can be used to reframe and improve intervention strategies for individuals with cognitive decline to maintain or improve performance in daily activities.
A 20-year review of National Health Service Resolution Occupational Therapy litigation data in the United Kingdom
Authors: Soderberg Garcia Veronica , Heritage Sara , Winter Rebecca Ellen , Furness Pamela , Wong Ken
Published: May 2021

As with any other healthcare professional in today’s medicolegal climate, the Occupational Therapist is at a risk of litigious claims being made against them. Through a Freedom of Information request, litigation claims data between 2000 and 2020 against National Health Service Occupational Therapists in the United Kingdom were obtained from National Health Service (NHS) Resolution. We perform a descriptive analysis of the results and review the literature around litigation involving Occupational Therapists. 79 claims were registered over this period, of which 37 were settled with damages. The most common primary injury for successful claims was fracture. The most common primary causes for successful claims were equipment malfunction and lack of assistance/care. The total cost for successful claims was £1,655,771. These data demonstrate that Occupational Therapy is a trusted profession, with a low rate of claims. We frame these findings in context and discuss lessons behind the data.
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Use in Intracranial Hemorrhage Patients With Cirrhosis Not on Prior Anticoagulation
Authors: Small Clay , Attridge Rebecca L. , Franco-Martinez Crystal , Donnelly Jonathan , Barthol Colleen
Published: May 2021

Background/Objective:

Patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) have a 30-day mortality rate up to 52%, and the risk of mortality is increased in patients with disease-induced coagulopathy such as cirrhosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether 4F-PCC administration mitigates hematoma expansion in ICH patients with cirrhosis not currently receiving anticoagulation therapy compared to standard of care therapies.

Methods:

This was a single-center, retrospective study comparing adult patients with ICH and history of cirrhosis who received 4F-PCC versus standard of care therapies. The primary outcome was rate of ICH expansion within 24 hours after admission.

Results:

A total of 58 patients were included with 21 who received 4FPCC vs 37 who received standard of care therapies. The 4F-PCC group had a significantly higher number of patients with Child Pugh Class C cirrhosis (85.7% vs. 48.6%, P = 0.006), higher baseline INR (1.7 vs. 1.4, P = 0.001) and more patients with a spontaneous cause of hemorrhage (61.9% vs. 29.7%, P = 0.01). Stable follow-up head CT was achieved in 68.4% of patients who received 4F-PCC versus 72.7% of patients treated with standard of care therapies ( P = 0.11). Patients who received 4F-PCC had a significantly greater change in INR within 24 hours (-0.2 vs. 0, P = 0.02) and higher rate of mortality (61.9% vs. 18.9%, P = 0.001). Baseline INR > 2 and surgical evacuation for ICH were associated with decreased odds of stable follow-up head CT in the multivariate logistic regression model.

Conclusions:

A single dose of 4F-PCC did not significantly improve the rate of stable head CT at 24 hours in patients with ICH and cirrhosis. Randomized clinical trials with larger patient populations are warranted to fully determine the role of 4F-PCC in this unique population.
Multivariate Meta-Analysis of the Mortality Effect of Prone Positioning in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Moran John L. , Graham Petra L.
Published: May 2021

Background:

The efficacy of prone positioning (PP) as therapy of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has varied in recent meta-analyses. The efficacy question was reviewed using a cohesive multivariate meta-analysis model incorporating all available common time-point data.

Methods:

Data from a core group of 8 randomized controlled trials (2001-2013) utilized in 8 current meta-analyses (2014-2017) was extracted for common time points. Multivariate meta-analysis and meta-regression models for prone-hours per day, mechanical ventilation tidal-volume and baseline patient PaO2/FiO2, considered as continuous and categorical predictors, determined the pooled relative risk (RR) of mortality for prone versus supine positioning.

Results:

Mortality RR at 28-30 days, 2-3 months and 6-months was not significant overall ( P > 0.05). Meta-regression of categorical predictors indicated significant mortality reduction ( P ≤ 0.001) for ≥ 12 prone-hours (versus < 12), lung protective ventilation (versus none) and moderate-severe ARDS (versus all ARDS). Meta-regressions of continuous predictors were also significant ( P ≤ 0.021) and yielded treatment inflection points of efficacious therapy for ≥ 12 prone-hours per day, ≤ 8.5 mL/kg tidal volume and ≤ PaO2/FiO2 ratio of 130.

Conclusions:

The mortality treatment effect of PP in ARDS, was not demonstrated in the unadjusted meta-analysis model. Moderator effects indicated consistent significant benefit of prone positioning. In the absence of individual patient data, multivariate models provide more decisive conclusions than individual time point analyses.
Investigation on cutting of thin carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite plate using sandwich electrode-assisted wire electrical-discharge machining
Authors: Dutta Hrishikesh , Debnath Kishore , Sarma Deba Kumar
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the experimental investigation on cutting of thin carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite plate by wire electrical-discharge machining (WEDM) with the aid of sandwich assisting-electrodes. The difficulties such as incomplete cut and deviation in machining path during WEDM of CFRP were avoided by using metal plates (H13 steel) as assisting-electrodes. The spark initiation during WEDM of CFRP is difficult without exposing the carbon fiber as fibers are embedded into nonconductive polymer in CFRP. Thus, in this work, assisting-electrode was used to initiate the sparking without changing the surface integrity of the CFRP. The one-factor-at-a-time analysis was applied to study the effect of input parameters namely input current (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 A), pulse on time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 µs), pulse off time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 µs), and voltage (70 and 90 V) on the cutting time and the machined surface morphology. A decreasing trend was observed for cutting time with an increase in the current. Whereas, the cutting time was increased with an increase in the pulse off time. It was also observed that the cutting time initially increased with the pulse on time (10 to 30 µs) and then started decreasing with a further increase in the pulse on time (40 to 60 µs). The cutting time was significantly reduced at a higher level of voltage (90 V) when compared one-on-one with lower voltage level (70 V). In this study, microscopic analysis of the surface morphology was also extensively investigated which was not investigated earlier. The investigation showed damages such as breakage of carbon fibers, fiber-matrix debonding, and matrix cracking during WEDM of CFRP using sandwich assisting-electrode.
Analysis of mutagenic components of oxidative hair dyes with the Ames test
Authors: Zhou Su , Li Rui , Zhang Zhichao , Gu Minyang , Zhu Hongyan , Fang Jing , Ji Zhiwen , Xu Xiaodong , Tang Liming
Published: May 2021

Oxidative hair dyes consist of two components (I and II) that are mixed before use. Aromatic amines in component I and their reaction with hydrogen peroxide after mixing them with component II have been of primary concern. In addition, two in vitro genotoxicity assays are still required for the approval of the final products of oxidative hair dyes in China, and the substance in the oxidative hair dye that causes the high rate of positive results in genotoxicity tests, especially the Ames test, has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the formulation of 55 different oxidative hair dyes from 7 color series and performed Ames tests in the strain TA98 with the S9 mix (oxidative hair dyes No. 1–30) and in strain TA97a without the S9 mix (oxidative hair dyes No. 31–55). We found that toluene-2,5-diamine sulfate (2,5-diaminotoluene sulfate, DATS) in component I may be the cause of mutagenicity in TA98, and hydrogen peroxide in component II may be the cause of mutagenicity in TA97a, and their positive concentrations were consistent with those that we calculated from Ames tests. The results suggest that the positive results for the oxidative hair dye in the Ames test were inevitable because of the existence of DATS in component I and of hydrogen peroxide in component II. Therefore, we should carry out safety assessments on each raw material and carry out risk assessments on the final products of oxidative hair dyes instead of genotoxicity tests in China.