bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Japan’s voluntary lockdown: further evidence based on age-specific mobile location data
Authors: Watanabe Tsutomu , Yabu Tomoyoshi
Published: June 2021

Changes in people’s behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic can be regarded as the result of two types of effects: the “intervention effect” (changes resulting from government orders for people to change their behavior) and the “information effect” (voluntary changes in people’s behavior based on information about the pandemic). Using age-specific mobile location data, we examine how the intervention and information effects differ across age groups. Our main findings are as follows. First, the age profile of the intervention effect shows that the degree to which people refrained from going out was smaller for older age groups, who are at a higher risk of serious illness and death, than for younger age groups. Second, the age profile of the information effect shows that the degree to which people stayed at home tended to increase with age for weekends and holidays. Thus, while Acemoglu et al. (2020) proposed targeted lockdowns requiring stricter lockdown policies for the oldest group in order to protect those at a high risk of serious illness and death, our findings suggest that Japan’s government intervention had a very different effect in that it primarily reduced outings by the young, and what led to the quarantining of older groups at higher risk instead was people’s voluntary response to information about the pandemic. Third, the information effect has been on a downward trend since the summer of 2020. It is relatively more pronounced among the young, so that the age profile of the information effect remains upward sloping.
Reputation, Self-Esteem, and Competitive Rewards
Authors: Brewster Rachel
Published: June 2021

In Rewarding in International Law, Anna van Aaken and Betül Simsek organize and refocus much of the existing literature on international cooperation and compliance highlighting the set of positive and negative tools available. In this essay, I extend the Rewarding framework, making some additional distinctions between the concepts, which both highlight the possibility of rewarding in international law and sketch the limits for such analysis. The first part differentiates rationalistic conceptions of reputation, on the one hand, and behavioral notions of self-esteem, on the other, as analytically distinct mechanisms for rewarding. By pulling these concepts apart, this essay emphasizes the different causal paths for influencing government actors and makes the case for an independent place for self-esteem in the Rewarding framework. In the second part, this essay questions whether rewards are always positive (and thus Pareto efficient) in light of third-party effects. Some rewards are competitive; a reward to one party is a relative punishment to third parties who are competitively disadvantaged by an exclusion from the reward. The incorporation of third-party analysis underscores the political limits of rewarding stemming from third-party resistance to rewarding or, alternatively, demands for additional rewards from third parties that can create capacity concerns for rewarding states.
‘Against Interpretation’: Petronius and art Criticism
Authors: Slater Niall W.
Published: June 2021

For forty years a debate has raged in Petronian studies between the moralists and, for want of a better term, the anti-moralists. From Highet in the 1940's to Bacon and Arrowsmith in the 1950's and 60's, the moralists held a certain advantage. Whatever important divergences there were among these critics, all agreed on a Petronius who stood in some critical relation to his society. The dissenting voices have grown much louder of late. Ironically, the literary brilliance of Arrowsmith's New Critical reading of the Satyricon helped to turn the tide against the moralist viewpoint. The more apparent the literary sophistication of the Satyricon has become, the less willing late twentieth century readers have been to see a programmatic moral critique as its main purpose. Sullivan's view of Petronius as a ‘literary opportunist’ has come to dominate the field.

With Graham Anderson's book, Eros Sophistes: Ancient Novelists at Play, the retreat from the position of Highet is now complete. We have finally reached the logical, New Critical conclusion that the Satyricon is an entirely self-contained literary game without any message whatsoever; in effect we are told that, like any serious piece of literature, the Satyricon ‘should not mean, but be’. Anderson is eager to disavow ‘the unproven conviction that every work must have a message, however diffusely or perversely expressed’.
Transcatheter closure of post-operative type 1 Gerbode defect by Amplatzer Duct Occluder 2
Authors: Kavurt Ahmet Vedat , Ece İbrahim , Bağrul Denizhan
Published: June 2021

Acquired and congenital left ventricular to right atrial communication is rare, but nowadays, the frequency of the iatrogenic subgroup is increasing. Successful transcatheter closure of these defects with different devices has been reported. Herein, we presented successful closure of left ventricular to right atrial communication with Amplatzer Duct Occluder 2 after attempting to close with a failed Amplatzer Vascular Plug II device in a 7-year-old girl. This report supports that transcatheter closure of iatrogenic Gerbode defect with Amplatzer Duct Occluder 2 device is safe and effective.
Changes in the germinability of seeds of dicotyledonous herbs from anthropogenic and wild habitats during two initial years in a seedbank
Authors: Martinková Zdenka , Honěk Alois , Brabec Marek
Published: June 2021

The germinability of buried seeds changes with time, and the direction and periodicity of these changes differ among plant species. In 116 abundant dicotyledonous herb species, we investigated the changes in seed germinability that occurred during the 2-yr period following burial in the soil. We aimed to establish differences between seeds collected in “anthropogenic” (ruderal, arable land) and “wild” (grassland, forest) habitats. The seeds were buried in a field 1 mo after collection, exhumed at regular intervals, and germinated at 25 C. During the 2-yr study period, four categories of species-specific patterns of germinability changes were found: seeds demonstrating seasonal dormancy/nondormancy cycles (31 species); seeds germinating only in the first season after burial (16 species); seeds germinating steadily (38 species); and seeds whose germinability changed gradually, with increasing (7 species) or decreasing (18 species) germinability. The seeds of 6 species did not germinate at all. We found no significant difference in the frequency of these categories between species typical for anthropogenic and wild habitats. The cause for this result may be dramatic human influences (changes of agricultural practices), the pressure of which impedes the development of floras specific for certain habitats, as distinguished by the frequency of species with particular patterns of seed germinability. These frequencies varied among taxa with the growth form, seed mass, and flowering phenology of species.
Evolution of (Bio‐)Geochemical Processes and Diagenetic Alteration of Sediments Along the Tectonic Migration of Ocean Floor in the Shikoku Basin off Japan
Authors: Köster Male , Kars Myriam , Schubotz Florence , Tsang Man‐Yin , Maisch Markus , Kappler Andreas , Morono Yuki , Inagaki Fumio , Heuer Verena B. , Kasten Sabine , Henkel Susann
Published: June 2021

Biogeochemical processes in subseafloor sediments are closely coupled to global element cycles. To improve the understanding of changes in biogeochemical conditions on geological timescales, we investigate sediment cores from a 1,180 m deep hole in the Nankai Trough offshore Japan (Site C0023) drilled during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 370. During its tectonic migration from the Shikoku Basin to the Nankai Trough over the past 15 Ma, Site C0023 has experienced significant changes in depositional, thermal, and geochemical conditions. By combining pore‐water, solid‐phase, and rock magnetic data, we demonstrate that a transition from organic carbon‐starved conditions with predominantly aerobic respiration to an elevated carbon burial environment with increased sedimentation occurred at ∼2.5 Ma. Higher rates of organic carbon burial in consequence of increased nutrient supply and productivity likely stimulated the onset of anaerobic electron‐accepting processes during organic carbon degradation. A significant temperature increase by ∼50°C across the sediment column associated with trench‐style sedimentation since ∼0.5 Ma could increase the bioavailability of organic matter and enhance biogenic methanogenesis. The resulting shifts in reaction fronts led to diagenetic transformation of iron (oxyhydr)oxides into pyrite in the organic carbon‐starved sediments several millions of years after burial. We also show that high amounts of reducible iron(III) which can serve as electron acceptor for microbial iron(III) reduction are preserved and still available as phyllosilicate‐bound iron. This is the first study that shows the evolution of long‐term variations of (bio‐)geochemical processes along tectonic migration of ocean floor, thereby altering the primary sediment composition long after deposition.
Impaired stem cell differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming in DIDO3 mutants with altered RNA processing and increased R-loop levels
Authors: Fütterer Agnes , Talavera-Gutiérrez Amaia , Pons Tirso , de Celis Jesús , Gutiérrez Julio , Domínguez Plaza Verónica , Martínez-A Carlos
Published: June 2021

Embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming are biological processes governed by antagonistic expression or repression of a largely common set of genes. Accurate regulation of gene expression is thus essential for both processes, and alterations in RNA processing are predicted to negatively affect both. We show that truncation of the DIDO gene alters RNA splicing and transcription termination in ESC and mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), which affects genes involved in both differentiation and reprogramming. We combined transcriptomic, protein interaction, and cellular studies to identify the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that DIDO3 interacts with the helicase DHX9, which is involved in R-loop processing and transcription termination, and that DIDO3-exon16 deletion increases nuclear R-loop content and causes DNA replication stress. Overall, these defects result in failure of ESC to differentiate and of MEF to be reprogrammed. MEF immortalization restored impaired reprogramming capacity. We conclude that DIDO3 has essential functions in ESC differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming by supporting accurate RNA metabolism, with its exon16-encoded domain playing the main role.
Couples’ experiences with expanded carrier screening: evaluation of a university hospital screening offer
Authors: van Dijke Ivy , Lakeman Phillis , Sabiri Naoual , Rusticus Hanna , Ottenheim Cecile P. E. , Mathijssen Inge B. , Cornel Martina C. , Henneman Lidewij
Published: June 2021

Preconception carrier screening offers couples the possibility to receive information about the risk of having a child with a recessive disorder. Since 2016, an expanded carrier screening (ECS) test for 50 severe autosomal recessive disorders has been available at Amsterdam Medical Center, a Dutch university hospital. This mixed-methods study evaluated the experiences of couples that participated in the carrier screening offer, including high-risk participants, as well as participants with a general population risk. All participants received genetic counselling, and pre- (n = 132) and post-test (n = 86) questionnaires and semi-structured interviews (n = 16) were administered. The most important reason to have ECS was to spare a future child a life with a severe disorder (47%). The majority of survey respondents made an informed decision (86%), as assessed by the Multidimensional Measure of Informed Choice. Among the 86 respondents, 27 individual carriers and no new carrier couples were identified. Turn-around time of the test results was considered too long and costs were perceived as too high. Overall, mean levels of anxiety were not clinically elevated. High-risk respondents (n = 89) and pregnant respondents (n = 13) experienced higher levels of anxiety before testing, which decreased after receiving the test result. Although not clinically significant, distress was on average higher for carriers compared to non-carriers (p < 0.0001). All respondents would opt for the test again, and 80.2% would recommend it to others. The results suggest that ECS should ideally be offered before pregnancy, to minimise anxiety. This study could inform current and future implementation initiatives of preconception ECS.
Tuning SAS-6 architecture with monobodies impairs distinct steps of centriole assembly
Authors: Hatzopoulos Georgios N. , Kükenshöner Tim , Banterle Niccolò , Favez Tatiana , Flückiger Isabelle , Hamel Virginie , Andany Santiago , Fantner Georg E. , Hantschel Oliver , Gönczy Pierre
Published: June 2021

Centrioles are evolutionarily conserved multi-protein organelles essential for forming cilia and centrosomes. Centriole biogenesis begins with self-assembly of SAS-6 proteins into 9-fold symmetrical ring polymers, which then stack into a cartwheel that scaffolds organelle formation. The importance of this architecture has been difficult to decipher notably because of the lack of precise tools to modulate the underlying assembly reaction. Here, we developed monobodies against Chlamydomonas reinhardtii SAS-6, characterizing three in detail with X-ray crystallography, atomic force microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy. This revealed distinct monobody-target interaction modes, as well as specific consequences on ring assembly and stacking. Of particular interest, monobody MBCRS6-15 induces a conformational change in CrSAS-6, resulting in the formation of a helix instead of a ring. Furthermore, we show that this alteration impairs centriole biogenesis in human cells. Overall, our findings identify monobodies as powerful molecular levers to alter the architecture of multi-protein complexes and tune centriole assembly.
Composition and stage dynamics of mitochondrial complexes in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Evers Felix , Cabrera-Orefice Alfredo , Elurbe Dei M. , Kea-te Lindert Mariska , Boltryk Sylwia D. , Voss Till S. , Huynen Martijn A. , Brandt Ulrich , Kooij Taco W. A.
Published: June 2021

Our current understanding of mitochondrial functioning is largely restricted to traditional model organisms, which only represent a fraction of eukaryotic diversity. The unusual mitochondrion of malaria parasites is a validated drug target but remains poorly understood. Here, we apply complexome profiling to map the inventory of protein complexes across the pathogenic asexual blood stages and the transmissible gametocyte stages of Plasmodium falciparum. We identify remarkably divergent composition and clade-specific additions of all respiratory chain complexes. Furthermore, we show that respiratory chain complex components and linked metabolic pathways are up to 40-fold more prevalent in gametocytes, while glycolytic enzymes are substantially reduced. Underlining this functional switch, we find that cristae are exclusively present in gametocytes. Leveraging these divergent properties and stage dynamics for drug development presents an attractive opportunity to discover novel classes of antimalarials and increase our repertoire of gametocytocidal drugs.
Global coastal attenuation of wind-waves observed with radar altimetry
Authors: Passaro Marcello , Hemer Mark A. , Quartly Graham D. , Schwatke Christian , Dettmering Denise , Seitz Florian
Published: June 2021

Coastal studies of wave climate and evaluations of wave energy resources are mainly regional and based on the use of computationally very expensive models or a network of in-situ data. Considering the significant wave height, satellite radar altimetry provides an established global and relatively long-term source, whose coastal data are nevertheless typically flagged as unreliable within 30 km of the coast. This study exploits the reprocessing of the radar altimetry signals with a dedicated fitting algorithm to retrieve several years of significant wave height records in the coastal zone. We show significant variations in annual cycle amplitudes and mean state in the last 30 km from the coastline compared to offshore, in areas that were up to now not observable with standard radar altimetry. Consequently, a decrease in the average wave energy flux is observed. Globally, we found that the mean significant wave height at 3 km off the coast is on average 22% smaller than offshore, the amplitude of the annual cycle is reduced on average by 14% and the mean energy flux loses 38% of its offshore value.
Intracellular localisation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis affects efficacy of the antibiotic pyrazinamide
Authors: Santucci Pierre , Greenwood Daniel J. , Fearns Antony , Chen Kai , Jiang Haibo , Gutierrez Maximiliano G.
Published: June 2021

To be effective, chemotherapy against tuberculosis (TB) must kill the intracellular population of the pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, how host cell microenvironments affect antibiotic accumulation and efficacy remains unclear. Here, we use correlative light, electron, and ion microscopy to investigate how various microenvironments within human macrophages affect the activity of pyrazinamide (PZA), a key antibiotic against TB. We show that PZA accumulates heterogeneously among individual bacteria in multiple host cell environments. Crucially, PZA accumulation and efficacy is maximal within acidified phagosomes. Bedaquiline, another antibiotic commonly used in combined TB therapy, enhances PZA accumulation via a host cell-mediated mechanism. Thus, intracellular localisation and specific microenvironments affect PZA accumulation and efficacy. Our results may explain the potent in vivo efficacy of PZA, compared to its modest in vitro activity, and its critical contribution to TB combination chemotherapy.
A comprehensive analysis of novel disulfide bond introduction site into the constant domain of human Fab
Authors: Nakamura Hitomi , Yoshikawa Moeka , Oda-Ueda Naoko , Ueda Tadashi , Ohkuri Takatoshi
Published: June 2021

Generally, intermolecular disulfide bond contribute to the conformational protein stability. To identify sites where intermolecular disulfide bond can be introduced into the Fab’s constant domain of the therapeutic IgG, Fab mutants were predicted using the MOE software, a molecular simulator, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. SDS-PAGE analysis of the prepared Fab mutants from P. pastoris indicated that among the nine analyzed Fab mutants, the F130C(H):Q124C(L), F174C(H):S176C(L), V177C(H):Q160C(L), F174C(H):S162C(L), F130C(H):S121C(L), and A145C(H):F116C(L) mutants mostly formed intermolecular disulfide bond. All these mutants showed increased thermal stability compared to that of Fab without intermolecular disulfide bond. In the other mutants, the intermolecular disulfide bond could not be completely formed, and the L132C(H):F118C(L) mutant showed only a slight decrease in binding activity and β-helix content, owing to the exertion of adverse intermolecular disulfide bond effects. Thus, our comprehensive analysis reveals that the introduction of intermolecular disulfide bond in the Fab’s constant domain is possible at various locations. These findings provide important insights for accomplishing human Fab stabilization.
Investigating the relationship between particulate matter and inflammatory biomarkers of exhaled breath condensate and blood in healthy young adults
Authors: Seifi Morteza , Rastkari Noushin , Hassanvand Mohammad Sadegh , Naddafi Kazem , Nabizadeh Ramin , Nazmara Shahrokh , Kashani Homa , Zare Ahad , Pourpak Zahra , Hashemi Seyed Yaser , Yunesian Masud
Published: June 2021

Inflammatory biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are measured to estimate the effects of air pollution on humans. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between particulate matter and inflammatory biomarkers in blood plasma and exhaled air in young adults. The obtained results were compared in two periods; i.e., winter and summer. GRIMM Dust Monitors were used to measure PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in indoor and outdoor air. A total of 40 healthy young adults exhaling air condensate were collected. Then, biomarkers of interleukin-6 (IL-6), Nitrosothiols (RS-NOs), and Tumor necrosis factor-soluble receptor-II (sTNFRII) were measured by 96 wells method ELISA and commercial kits (HS600B R&D Kit and ALX-850–037-KI01) in EBC while interleukin-6 (IL-6), sTNFRII and White Blood Cell (WBC) were measured in blood plasma in two periods of February 2013 (winter) and May 2013 (summer). Significant association was found between particulate matter and the white blood cell count (p < 0.001), as well as plasma sTNFRII levels (p-value = 0.001). No significant relationship was found between particulate matter with RS-NOs (p = 0.128), EBC RSNOs (p-value = 0.128), and plasma IL-6 (p-value = 0.167). In addition, there was no significant relationship between interleukin-6 of exhaled air with interleukin-6 of plasma (p-value < 0.792 in the first period and < 0.890 in the second period). sTNFRII was not detected in EBC. Considering the direct effect between increasing some biomarkers in blood and EBC and particulate matter, it is concluded that air pollution causes this increasing.
A design and optimization of a high throughput valve based microfluidic device for single cell compartmentalization and analysis
Authors: Briones Jonathan , Espulgar Wilfred , Koyama Shohei , Takamatsu Hyota , Tamiya Eiichi , Saito Masato
Published: June 2021

The need for high throughput single cell screening platforms has been increasing with advancements in genomics and proteomics to identify heterogeneity, unique cell subsets or super mutants from thousands of cells within a population. For real-time monitoring of enzyme kinetics and protein expression profiling, valve-based microfluidics or pneumatic valving that can compartmentalize single cells is advantageous by providing on-demand fluid exchange capability for several steps in assay protocol and on-chip culturing. However, this technique is throughput limited by the number of compartments in the array. Thus, one big challenge lies in increasing the number of microvalves to several thousand that can be actuated in the microfluidic device to confine enzymes and substrates in picoliter volumes. This work explores the design and optimizations done on a microfluidic platform to achieve high-throughput single cell compartmentalization as applied to single-cell enzymatic assay for protein expression quantification. Design modeling through COMSOL Multiphysics was utilized to determine the circular microvalve’s optimized parameters, which can close thousands of microchambers in an array at lower sealing pressure. Multiphysical modeling results demonstrated the relationships of geometry, valve dimensions, and sealing pressure, which were applied in the fabrication of a microfluidic device comprising of up to 5000 hydrodynamic traps and corresponding microvalves. Comparing the effects of geometry, actuation media and fabrication technique, a sealing pressure as low as 0.04 MPa was achieved. Applying to single cell enzymatic assay, variations in granzyme B activity in Jurkat and human PBMC cells were observed. Improvement in the microfluidic chip’s throughput is significant in single cell analysis applications, especially in drug discovery and treatment personalization.
The causal interaction in human basal ganglia
Authors: Rodriguez-Sabate Clara , Gonzalez Albano , Perez-Darias Juan Carlos , Morales Ingrid , Rodriguez Manuel
Published: June 2021

The experimental study of the human brain has important restrictions, particularly in the case of basal ganglia, subcortical centers whose activity can be recorded with fMRI methods but cannot be directly modified. Similar restrictions occur in other complex systems such as those studied by Earth system science. The present work studied the cause/effect relationships between human basal ganglia with recently introduced methods to study climate dynamics. Data showed an exhaustive (identifying basal ganglia interactions regardless of their linear, non-linear or complex nature) and selective (avoiding spurious relationships) view of basal ganglia activity, showing a fast functional reconfiguration of their main centers during the execution of voluntary motor tasks. The methodology used here offers a novel view of the human basal ganglia which expands the perspective provided by the classical basal ganglia model and may help to understand BG activity under normal and pathological conditions.
Accommodation of Gly-cisPro in a designed β-hairpin
Authors: Basu Chandradeep , Ganguly Himal Kanti , Basu Gautam
Published: June 2021

Gly-Pro but not Pro-Gly can be accommodated in short designed β-hairpin peptides, establishing that the united residue Gly-Pro is as effective in peptides as in proteins.
Effects of cereal fibers on short-chain fatty acids in healthy subjects and patients: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Bai Junying , Li Yan , Zhang Wenhui , Fan Mingcong , Qian Haifeng , Zhang Hui , Qi Xiguang , Wang Li
Published: June 2021

Cereal fiber supplementation significantly affected fecal SCFA concentrations in randomized clinical studies. A more significant impact appeared in overweight and obese subjects with BMI >29 kg m−2 than in individuals with BMI ≤29 kg m−2.
Towards the design of active pharmaceutical ingredients mineralizing readily in the environment
Authors: Puhlmann Neele , Mols Renate , Olsson Oliver , Slootweg J. Chris , Kümmerer Klaus
Published: June 2021

The optimization phase within API discovery is suitable for environmental considerations through Benign by Design. Pharmacological parameters are not necessarily in conflict with environmental biodegradability as an additional parameter.
Ligand-free (Z)-selective transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes catalyzed by in situ generated oxidizable copper nanoparticles
Authors: Kusy Rafał , Grela Karol
Published: June 2021

Oxidizable CuNPs obtained in situ from a simple copper source are capable of catalyzing (Z)-selective semihydrogenation of a triple C–C bond in the presence of ammonia-borane and a protic solvent.
Flow-through solvolysis enables production of native-like lignin from biomass
Authors: Brandner David G. , Kruger Jacob S. , Thornburg Nicholas E. , Facas Gregory G. , Kenny Jacob K. , Dreiling Reagan J. , Morais Ana Rita C. , Renders Tom , Cleveland Nicholas S. , Happs Renee M. , Katahira Rui , Vinzant Todd B. , Wilcox Daniel G. , Román-Leshkov Yuriy , Beckham Gregg T.
Published: June 2021

Flow-through solvolysis offers an opportunity to limit lignin condensation reactions that prevent isolation of native lignin in biomass processing, thus allowing for the study of intrinsic lignin properties and steady-state lignin depolymerization.
Recent innovations in cost-effective polymer and paper hybrid microfluidic devices
Authors: Zhou Wan , Dou Maowei , Timilsina Sanjay S. , Xu Feng , Li XiuJun
Published: June 2021

This article reviews recent innovations in cost-effective polymer and paper hybrid microfluidic devices and their biological and biomedical applications.
Communicating assemblies of biomimetic nanocapsules
Authors: Zhou Hongda , Huang Haowei , Bahri Mounib , Browning Nigel D. , Smith James , Graham Michael , Shchukin Dmitry
Published: June 2021

The assemblies of biomimetic nanocapsules can exhibit self-regulating, self-organization functionalities involving internal modulation of self-controlled release by the dynamic stimuli-response-communication-decide-response behaviour.
A low-temperature solution-processed indium incorporated zinc oxide electron transport layer for high-efficiency lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Bashir Rabia , Bilal Muhammad Kashif , Bashir Amna , Zhao Jianhong , Asif Sana Ullah , Ahmad Waqar , Xie Jiyang , Hu Wanbiao
Published: June 2021

A low-temperature solution strategy is used to synthesize In3+/Al3+/Ga3+ incorporated ZnO (IZO/AZO/GZO) films. The IZO ETL demonstrates enhanced light transmission and broadened band gap. The fabricated IZO ETL achieve a PCE of 11.1% in PbS CQDSCs.
Interpenetrating covalent adaptable networks with enhanced mechanical properties and facile reprocessability and recyclability
Authors: Lei Yufeng , Zhang Anqiang , Lin Yaling
Published: June 2021

An interpenetrating covalent adaptable network is facilely prepared, reprocessed and recycled by exploiting covalent reversible chemistry of imines and boronic-esters.
Discussion on Land Use Transformation and Land Resource Management Information System Based on Network GIS
Authors: Jia Jing
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, the social economy is developing rapidly, the pace of urbanization is further accelerating, and more and more engineering projects are planned, resulting in greater social demand for land than before, and more and more work in land resource utilization and management. Seriously, people put forward higher requirements for land resource management system. How to use land resources more efficiently and manage land resource information more scientifically has become a key task of relevant land resource management departments. Based on this situation, this article studies the land use transformation and land resource management information system based on network GIS. This article first gives a quick introduction to the management status of land resources, and studies the GIS technology, and then analyzes the needs of the system, the overall framework and development methods of the system, and uses GIS and other related technologies to design and implement a land use Transformation and land resource management information system. At the end of this paper, the designed system has been tested for query speed and query accuracy. The test results show that the query speed of the system is generally faster, with an accuracy rate of 100%.
Research on Data Mining of Personal Income Tax in Tax Collection and Administration Audit
Authors: Tao Yiran
Published: June 2021

In the context of the rapid development of economy and information technology, the level of tax informatization is getting higher and higher. The tax department has obtained a large amount of tax management data. Taxation departments must analyze and apply these data in order to grasp the deficiencies in the current tax management work, so as to take effective measures to improve tax quality and efficiency. This is the focus of the work of the taxation department. In the process of personal income tax collection and management, full application of data mining technology can break through the traditional personal tax collection and management model and improve the level of personal tax collection and management. At the same time, this can also ensure the effectiveness of the tax data verification work, which is positively helpful to improve the tax data application capabilities. This can also provide an effective reference for tax management decision-making. At this stage, the full application of risk-oriented audit methods based on data mining technology can improve the effectiveness of personal income tax collection and management audits. However, it is necessary to pay attention to a comprehensive study of the sources of personal income tax data. At the same time, the taxation department should also discuss the data processing of personal income tax and the review of the rationality, legality, and compliance of personal tax collection, so as to improve the data mining level of China’s personal tax collection and management.
Investment development path: the applicability of measurement criteria and further development
Authors: Dai Ke
Published: June 2021

With China’s reform and opening up, the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic development gradually attracts attention. Professor Dunning first developed this theory, which describes the division of net outward direct investment into four distinct stages of a country’s economic development, and later increased it to five. The theory has been developed for 40 years, and whether it can survive and still play a guiding role in national development is the focus of people’s concern. Based on the previous studies of scholars, this paper conducts an empirical study on “individual” countries. Thus it is concluded that the theory in its net foreign direct investment and economic development of the important relationship of the original is still valid, but from the cross section, the measures to be improved, and the theory of the fifth stage of the development of a new understanding
A Study on the Influence of Agricultural Insurance on the Upgrading and Optimization of Agricultural Industrial Structure in China-An Empirical Analysis Based on GMM Model of Panel System
Authors: Li Xiang , Liu Yining , Zhao Rudan
Published: June 2021

This article uses panel data from 2000 to 2019 in the China Insurance Yearbook, China Rural Statistical Yearbook and the National Bureau of Statistics. Based on the system generalized moment estimation model, the influence of the density and depth of agricultural insurance at the regional level on the upgrading and optimization of agricultural industrial structure is studied. The empirical results show that the increase in the depth of agricultural insurance has a significant role in promoting the upgrading of the agricultural industry structure. The increase in the density of agricultural insurance has a certain inhibitory effect on the structure of the agricultural industry. Therefore, it needs to improve the agricultural insurance financial subsidy policy, guide the diversified development of agricultural insurance, and establish an agricultural risk reinsurance mechanism to escort the upgrading and optimization of the agricultural industry structure.
Measuring of China’s Provincial Carbon Abatement Cost and its Spatial Distribution Pattern
Authors: Li Zhangwen , Zhang Caijiang
Published: June 2021

Based on the panel data in Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2017, this paper first uses the parameterized quadratic function of the directional distance function to estimate carbon abatement costs of 30 provinces in China, and further studies its long-term evolutionary characteristics. Second, this paper studies the spatial distribution pattern of carbon abatement cost. The results show that the carbon abatement cost has increased as a whole during the study period. Moreover, the spatial distribution of carbon abatement costs in China shows a geographical clustering feature, and the positive spatial agglomeration is significant after 2008.
New impacts and countermeasures of nuclear waste water discharge from Japan on China’s aquatic products trade
Authors: Hai Guo-Jing
Published: June 2021

On April 13, 2021, the Japanese government officially decided to release Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the sea, which is harmful to the marine environment. Japan is adjacent to the East China Sea. The East China Sea is China’s main marine ecological aquaculture area. The discharge of nuclear waste water in Japan will inevitably have an impact on the status of China’s aquatic product industry and aquatic product trade. Based on the current situation of China’s aquatic products industry and the competitiveness of China’s aquatic products in foreign trade, this paper predicts the impact of Japan’s nuclear waste water discharge on China’s aquatic products trade. Therefore, China should actively use technological innovation, regulatory upgrading, optimization of fisheries technology and other policies in advance to deal with the impact of this nuclear waste water discharge.
An empirical study on adult students’ English mobile learning based on frame model
Authors: Shen Zhihua
Published: June 2021

Based on the framework for the rational analysis of mobile education (frame), this study takes 60 adult non English majors from Handan radio and TV University as the research objects, and uses tablet computers or smart phones as mobile devices to conduct the pre-test and post test, Questionnaire and interview were carried out from the aspects of experimental effect and learner satisfaction. The collected data were analyzed by spss24.0 software to track the relationship among society, equipment and learners reflected by the data.
Research on the innovation of coordinated development of tourism and agriculture in Liaoning Province based on low carbon economy
Authors: Zhao Aihua
Published: June 2021

In the era when countries all over the world advocate low carbon economy, the coordinated development of tourism and agriculture has become an inevitable trend. At present, Liaoning rural tourism has a great potential for development, the demand continues to grow, the market prospects are very broad. However, the integration degree of tourism and agriculture is still low, the product homogenization is serious, the infrastructure is backward, the service level is low. Taking Liaoning province as the research object, in a low carbon economy under the new situation, with the theory of grey correlation model, build a model of correlation between tourism and agriculture each factor interaction and coupling model, from two dimensions of time and space to study correlation between the two industries, as well as the coupling coordination degree distribution, put forward under the condition of low carbon economy the coordinated development strategy.
Social Security Contribution Rate and Its Impacts on Labor Demand of Enterprises in Carbon Neutral Context
Authors: Zhao Haizhu , Luo Lianhua
Published: June 2021

With the government setting stricter standard on carbon emission, enterprises are facing more environmental pressure and cost these years. At the same time, China’s State Council has officially announced a further reducing the social security contribution rate from May 1, 2019, it is worthy of assessing that if the reduction would decompress enterprises and promote labor demand. Our results shows that social security contribution rate does not have significantly impacts on enterprises’ labor demand overall. However, when wage and benefit are controlled, it has a direct impact on labor demand. Basic regression and heterogeneity analysis both confirm it. Wage and benefit play intermediary roles as the results show. Social security contribution rate has negatively impact on wage and benefit, which help to keep the total labor remuneration and then labor demand unchanged. State-owned and private enterprises show similar results. However, laborintensive and non-labor-intensive enterprises show slightly different results.
Research on River Governance Index System in the Big Data Era
Authors: Niu Chengzhi , Zhu Yougan
Published: June 2021

Realizing the ecological health and sustainable development of rivers has become a worldwide research hotspot. Sustainable development is a large system with multi-system, multi-level and multi-index, In the era of big data, data science methods have made great changes in water resources governance methods. We can obtain more detailed data through big data methods to comprehensively and scientifically measure river governance. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, this paper invites experts in related fields to construct and score the river governance index system, and establish a river governance index system in the era of big data. We hope that the river governance index system will achieve advanced river governance in the era of big data.
Measuring Sustainable Human Resource Management under the new economic era
Authors: Yu Xuan , Li Haihong , Ling Miao , He Bin , Wen Jun , Xia Jing Wen
Published: June 2021

The main feature of the new economic era is the use of network technology, information technology and other economic material means, under the guidance of the age of knowledge, the scientific and technological force as an important productivity of social and economic development. At present, China has entered an era of rapid economic development, and all sectors of society pay more and more attention to human resource management, which provides support for the sustainable development of enterprises. Sustainable human resource management (Sustainable HRM) refers to ideas and practices of human resource management that can bring long-term competitive advantages to organizations, by enabling them to achieve sustainable economic, social, and environmental development. This paper aims to explore the dimension of Sustainable HRM and develop the measure scale and test the construct validation. Based on the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the researchers conducted qualitative interviews and also used open questionnaires with 103 corporate managers and employees to obtain their insights on the significance, structure, and ingredients of sustainable HRM under the background of emerging economies. Previous research in the field along with the interview and questionnaire responses were coded and analyzed in order to prepare a preliminary, 25-item scale for measuring sustainable methods of HRM. This initial scale was tested in a study involving 243 participants, and exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the results. The findings shows that sustainable HRM has two dimensions, named sustainable HRM ideas and practice. An adjusted scale was created for measuring two dimensions of sustainable HRM: namely, the ideas (7 items) and practices (5 items) of sustainable HRM. This study finds that sustainable HRM has two dimensions: principles or ideas of sustainable HRM and practice of sustainable HRM. The scale is intended to provide a reference point for attempts to expand sustainable HRM, by clarifying directions for research on and development of sustainable HRM. The two-dimensional scale of sustainable HRM developed in this study can prompt companies to pay equal attention to “knowledge” and “action”, and to implement the concept of sustainable HRM into HRM policies. Along both dimensions, the reliability and validity of the adjusted scale have reached a good level, and confirmatory factor analysis supports the structural validity of the scale.
Study on Risk Identification and Key Risks of Prefabricated Building Supply Chain Based on Grounded Theory
Authors: Chai Shiyong , Liu Minghui , Zhang Zhipeng , Li Suyue
Published: June 2021

Supply chain management is an important challenge faced by prefabricated buildings. The transfer of prefabricated modules will inevitably be accompanied by the transmission and diffusion of risks. It is precisely because of the inherent characteristics of the prefabricated building supply chain risks that the current prefabricated building completion rate is low. Based on this, the Grounded Theory is used to identify the risks of prefabricated construction projects from the perspective of the supply chain, and build a full-stage risk system; and introduce the Interpretation Structure Model Theory to analyze the interrelationship between risk factors, and obtain different risk levels; finally, specific risk control measures are proposed for deep-seated factors, which provide new ideas for the development of prefabricated buildings.
Notfallsiebe – ein Sieb für alle Fälle?
Authors: Märdian Sven , Zaiss Elke , Lindner Vanessa
Published: June 2021

Krankenhäuser müssen sich auf den Massenanfall von Verletzten (MANV) vorbereiten und die Abläufe üben. Dazu gehört u. a. die Identifikation einer möglichen Ressourcenknappheit, als auch die Suche nach neuen Lösungen, um diese zu beherrschen. Durch Katastrophenschutzübungen wurde der Mangel an sterilen chirurgischen Instrumentensieben offensichtlich. Dieser Artikel skizziert die Anforderungen an Notfallinstrumentarien, welche in der Situation eines Massenanfalles von Verletzten eingesetzt werden können. Außerdem, wird das „Berliner Notfallsieb“ (BATMIN) für die akuttraumatologische Versorgung vorgestellt, welches im Land Berlin zu einer Verbesserung der Vorbereitung auf einen MANV geführt hat.
Der Einfluss von Kachexie und Sarkopenie auf das postoperative Outcome
Authors: van der Kroft Gregory , Olde Damink Steven W. M. , Neumann Ulf Peter , Lambertz Andreas
Published: June 2021

Kachexie wird als multifaktorielles Syndrom definiert, das durch einen unfreiwillig fortschreitenden Gewichtsverlust infolge einer Verringerung der Skelettmuskelmasse mit oder ohne Reduktion des Fettgewebes gekennzeichnet ist. Der Abbau von Muskelgewebe wird als Sarkopenie bezeichnet. Diese wird klinisch als Verlust von Muskelmasse und/oder Muskelkraft definiert, wobei der Verlust von Muskelkraft im Vordergrund steht. Mit Sarkopenie verbunden ist der Zustand der Myosteatose, der durch eine Zunahme der intra- und extrazellulären Fettspeicher gekennzeichnet ist und mit einer verminderten Muskelfunktion einhergeht. Kachexie ist für den Tod von mindestens 20% aller Krebspatienten mitverantwortlich. Die Inzidenz variiert bei diesen Patienten je nach Art der Erkrankung zwischen 80% für Patienten mit Magen- und Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs, 50% für Patienten mit Lungen-, Dickdarm- und Prostatakrebs sowie etwa 40% für Patienten mit Brustkrebs oder Leukämie. Hierbei ist eine
Unterscheidung zwischen tumorassoziierter Kachexie und einer durch Nebenwirkungen und Komplikationen der onkologischen Therapie bedingten Kachexie oft schwierig. Das wesentliche klinische Merkmal der Kachexie ist ein unfreiwilliger Gewichtsverlust, der sich jedoch nicht immer klinisch manifestiert, sodass die Identifizierung von Risikopatienten erheblich erschwert ist. Nicht nur das Langzeit-Outcome der Patienten wird von Kachexie und Sarkopenie beeinflusst. Auch die unmittelbaren postoperativen Komplikationsraten (Morbidität) werden erhöht und haben tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf die Krankheitslast und das Leiden der Patienten nach einer chirurgischen Behandlung. Kachexie, Sarkopenie und Myosteatose sind somit für den klinischen Alltag hochrelevante Parameter, die einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das postoperative Outcome der Patienten haben. Es wurden verschiedene Methoden entwickelt, um die frühzeitige Identifizierung von Patienten mit einem erhöhten Risiko zu
verbessern. Diese bieten die Möglichkeit, ungewollten Gewichtsverlust, verringerte Muskelkraft und die Fitness der Patienten zu testen. Derartige Maßnahmen sollten Teil unserer täglichen klinischen Routine werden, um diejenigen Patienten mit dem höchsten postoperativen Risiko zu erkennen. Entsprechend können neuartige Präkonditionierungskonzepte für bestimmte Patientengruppen in der Lage sein, die postoperative Morbidität zu verringern.
Total Synthesis of Methyl 1,5,8-Trimethoxy-1H-isochromene-3-carboxylate and Its Derivatives via Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of 2-Alkynylbenzaldehydes
Authors: Topolovčan Nikola , Hudlický Tomáš , Nardangeli Nolan , Thomson Jared
Published: June 2021

A 7-step total synthesis of methyl 1,5,8-trimethoxy-1H-isochromene-3-carboxylate and a 5-step synthesis of its C-3 derivatives are reported. Sonogashira coupling of 2-halobenzaldehydes with terminal acetylenes was employed to access 2-alkynylbenzaldehydes, which underwent a Pd-catalyzed annulation to afford the corresponding isochromene-containing products.
Synthesis of 6-Alkynyl-6-hydroxyindoloquinazolinone Scaffolds via Copper-Catalyzed Alkynylation of Tryptanthrins
Authors: Guo Yu , Ahmed Ebrahim-Alkhalil M. A. , Ma De-Kun , Jiang Jun , Liu Hongxin , Li Xinhua , Li Juan , Xiao Hong-Ping
Published: June 2021

We report a copper-catalyzed direct alkynylation reaction of tryptanthrins with terminal alkynes under mild reaction conditions. The developed method provides an array of synthetic building blocks of 6-alkynyl-6-hydroxyindoloquinazolinone compounds in moderate to good yields with varied functional group compatibility. Furthermore, the obtained adducts can be smoothly converted into versatile building blocks via hydrogenation, hydration, and further Sonogashira coupling transformations.