bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classifying Beta-Secretase 1 Inhibitor Activity for Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery with LightGBM
Authors: Noviandy Teuku Rizky , Nisa Khairun , Idroes Ghalieb Mutig , Hardi Irsan , Sasmita Novi Reandy
Published: March 2024

This study explores the utilization of LightGBM, a gradient-boosting framework, to classify the inhibitory activity of beta-secretase 1 inhibitors, addressing the challenges of Alzheimer's disease drug discovery. The study aims to enhance classification performance by focusing on overcoming the limitations of traditional statistical models and conventional machine-learning techniques in handling complex molecular datasets. By sourcing a dataset of 7298 compounds from the ChEMBL database and calculating molecular descriptors for each compound as features, we employed LightGBM in conjunction with a set of carefully selected molecular descriptors to achieve a nuanced analysis of compound activities. The model's efficiency was benchmarked against traditional machine-learning algorithms, revealing LightGBM's superior accuracy (84.93%), precision (87.14%), sensitivity (89.93%), specificity (77.63%), and F1-score (88.17%) in classifying beta-secretase 1 inhibitor activity. The study underscores the critical role of molecular descriptors in understanding drug efficacy, highlighting LightGBM's potential in streamlining the virtual screening process. Conclusively, the findings advocate for LightGBM's adoption in computational drug discovery, offering a promising avenue for advancing Alzheimer's disease therapeutic development by facilitating the identification of potential drug candidates with enhanced precision and reliability.
Activité physique et qualité de vie chez les survivantes du cancer du sein
Authors: Ammar Nouha , Ezzairi Faten , Omri Nihel , Ammar Asma , Ezzi Olfa , Ben El Ghali Tessnim , Mahjoub Mouhamed , Chabchoub Imene , Ben Ahmed Slim , Njah Mansour
Published: March 2024

Contexte et objectif : Évaluer l'activité physique (AP) et ses déterminants chez les survivantes du cancer du sein (SCS), fréquentant un hôpital tunisien, ainsi qu'évaluer leur qualité de vie (QV) et examiner la relation entre l'AP et la QV des SCS.
Méthodes : Nous avons mené une étude transversale parmi les SCS fréquentant les cliniques ambulatoires
d'oncologie, de gynécologie et de radiothérapie d'un hôpital tunisien en avril 2022 à l'aide d'un questionnaire auto-administré. La version arabe valide de la version courte du questionnaire
international sur l'activité physique a été utilisée pour évaluer l'AP et le temps passé en position assise. La qualité de vie a été évaluée à l'aide de la version arabe valide de l'enquête sur la santé en 12 points (Short-Form Health Survey).
Résultats : Au total, 95 SCS ont été recrutés. Les SCS ont rapporté des niveaux modérés d'activité
physique avec un MET médian de 1440 (IQR 680- 2400) minutes/semaine et un temps moyen
de position assise de 281.79±134.36 minutes/jour. Dans l'ensemble, les patients âgés de 50 ans et plus avaient un temps d'assise significativement plus faible (231.43±129.32vs 332.14±121.63, p= 0.04). De même, les sujets âgés de 50 ans et plus, et d'origine rurale
avaient des niveaux plus élevés d'AP (1908.5 (IQR 939.7-3268.5) vs. 1266 (IQR 471-2946), p= 0.114 et 1788.5 (IQR 1072.5-3252) vs. 1440 (IQR 537-3057), p= 0.259 respectivement). En ce qui concerne la qualité de vie des SCS, ils ont montré une incapacité modérée dans la composante physique.....( résumé tronqué à 250 mots).
An overview of risk factors in children with febrile seizures
Authors: Abbari Imane , Gueddari Widad , Bousfiha Ahmed Aziz
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common neurologic disorder seen in children. Caused mainly by fever without any damage to the central nervous system (CNS). The associations of several factors, which we can find in the inflammatory response and genetic predisposition, are involved in the occurrence of FS.
Aim: This review provides insight into risk factors, particularly the involvement of the inflammatory response and genetic susceptibility in the occurrence of FS.
Methods: A PubMed search was performed using the keywords « febrile seizures », « inflammatory response », « Pro-inflammatory cytokines », «And anti-inflammatory cytokines ». The search strategy included meta-analyses, prospective case-control studies, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews.
Results: Febrile seizures with a peak incidence of 18 months usually occur between 6 months and 5 years. A variety of genetic, inflammatory, and environmental factors, including viruses and vaccines, trigger FS. A positive family history of febrile seizures increases the risk for FS occurrence with (20%) in siblings and (33%) in one parent. The involvement of inflammatory response genes, including the cytokine genes IL1B, IL1R, IL6, and IL4. According to these findings, FS is associated with the activation of a cascade of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the unbalance between these cytokines in the inflammation regulation plays a role in the development of FS.
Conclusion: Current knowledge suggests that genetic susceptibility and inflammatory response dysregulation contribute to FS's genesis.
Les facteurs de risque d’acquisition des infections à BMR: Etude analytique
Authors: Kalla Nabila , Hamouda Ouannasa , Noui Lina , Melizi Amani , Aouidane Souhila , Merzougui Zohra
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Ces dernières années, il y a avait un accroissement considérable de la prévalence des bactéries de plus en plus résistantes aux multiples familles d’antibiotiques, ce qui constituent un problème majeur pour la santé publique.
Objectif : Déterminer la prévalence et les différents facteurs de risques d’acquisition des bactéries multirésistantes (BMR).
Méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude analytique et prospective incluant les patients hospitalisés dans le CHU de Batna durant la période allant de Janvier 2023 à Mars 2023 présentant une infection documentée avec isolement des souches sensibles ou multirésistantes. Une fiche d’exploitation basée sur les différents facteurs de risque d'acquisition des bactéries multirésistantes a été établie.
Résultats : Nous avons colligé 250 patients. Il s’agit de 160 hommes et 90 femmes avec un âge moyen de 44 ans. Sur l’ensemble des souches qui ont été identifiées, 100 isolats étaient des BMR. Les entérobactéries productrices de BLSE sont les BMR les plus fréquemment isolées. L’analyse multivariée par régression logistique a identifié quatre facteurs de risque qui sont significativement liés au risque d’acquisition d’une infection à BMR: une antibiothérapie préalable [P à 0,029], le recours aux soins médicaux invasifs [P à 0,024], l’origine nosocomiale de l’infection [P à 0,036] et l’utilisation des toilettes publiques [P à 0,015].
Conclusion : Nos résultats prouvent que l’utilisation inadaptée des antibiotiques notamment ceux à large spectre et la transmission croisée manuportée jouent un rôle  majeure dans la propagation des BMR dans notre l’hôpital.
Impact des antiviraux à action directe sur l'athérosclérose subclinique chez les patients atteints d’une hépatite C chronique
Authors: Laabidi Sarra , Medhioub Mouna , Khsiba Amal , Bach Ali Asma , Ben Mohamed Asma , Hamzaoui Lamine
Published: March 2024

Introduction : L'impact des médicaments antiviraux à action directe (AAD) sur les manifestations extra-hépatiques de l'hépatite C chronique (HCC) est peu étudié.
Objectif : Evaluer la prévalence de l'athérosclérose subclinique chez les patients atteints de HCC et l'impact des AAD sur les lésions athérosclérotiques.
Méthodes : Une étude évaluative prospective de 5 ans a été menée, incluant les patients suivis pour une HCC. L'athérosclérose subclinique a été évaluée par la mesure échographique de l'épaisseur intima-média carotidienne (IMTc), et les mesures IMTc les plus élevées ont défini l'IMTc maximum (IMTc max). Une IMTc >75e percentile (IMTc75) a été définie comme une athérosclérose subclinique à haut risque cardiovasculaire. Les patients ont été évalués avant (T0) et un an après la réalisation de la thérapie par les AAD (T1).
Résultats : Au moment T0, quarante patients (âge médian : 55 ans ; ratio homme/femme = 0,48) ont été inclus. La valeur moyenne de l'IMTc max était de 0,68 ± 0,16 mm. Une athérosclérose subclinique a été observée chez 82,5 % des patients. Une réponse virologique soutenue (RVS) est obtenue. Par rapport au moment T0, il y a eu une augmentation significative des taux de cholestérol et de triglycérides. L'IMTc max était significativement plus élevée au moment T1 par rapport à T0. La prévalence de l'IMTc75 était de 82,1 % au moment T0 et de 75 % au moment T1 (p = 0,5).
Conclusions : La RVS chez les patients atteints de HCC traités par AAD était associée à une aggravation des lésions athérosclérotiques carotidiennes.
Preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain associated with cataract surgery under local anesthesia
Authors: Rekik Mona , Maaloul Kmar , Kammoun Sonda , Jerbi Samira , Amor Mayssa , Trigui Amira
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Although cataract surgery is a routine outpatient surgery, anxiety and pain remain two significant concerns seen in patients.
Purpose: To describe preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain related to cataract surgery under local anesthesia and identify the factors determining their occurrence.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical, study which included patients who underwent cataract surgery for the first eye in the ophthalmology department of Habib Bourguiba University Hospital in Sfax-Tunisia. Preoperative anxiety was assessed using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale. Postoperative pain was measured using the visual analog scale.
Results: A total of 203 patients were included with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.79. The average age was 67.73±9.4 years. The mean overall preoperative anxiety score was 10.8±5.2. The average score for the need for information among patients was 3.45±1.5. The most anxiety-provoking factor was the possibility of surgery failure and loss of the operated eye. The determining factors for anxiety were young age and female gender. The average postoperative pain score in our patients was 3.51±1.8. A weakly positive correlation was noted between pain and duration of the procedure.
Conclusion: Managing anxiety and pain related to cataract surgery through preoperative education and adequate management is necessary to improve patient comfort and well-being
Weight excess among high-school students: Relation with mental health and sociodemographic factors
Authors: Ouni Ferdaous , Ghammam Rim , Benfredj Sihem , Zammit Nawel , El Echi Israr , Chelly Souhir , Kalboussi Houda , Maatoug Jihen , Harrabi Imed , Ghannem Hassen
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The escalating prevalence of adolescent obesity represents a complex public health challenge, influenced by interactions of environmental, socio-economic, and behavioral factors. Recent studies reveal a surge in addictive substance use among adolescents, with non-substance addictions. Overweight adolescents are particularly susceptible to risky behaviors. Tunisia is not exempt from this issue, facing a rapidly increasing prevalence.
Aim: Our work aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity among adolescents and to explore the connections between sociodemographic factors, mental health, and overweight in this demographic group.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was led among sample of Tunisian high school adolescents from Sousse. We enrolled study participants through proportional stratified sampling.
Results: Our study included 1399students, predominantly female, with an average age of 17±1.5 years. The average BMI (Body Mass Index) was 22.7±4.1 kg/m². According to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), 20.4% were overweight, and 7% were obese, resulting in an overall weight excess prevalence of 27.4%. Girls exhibited a higher weight excess prevalence compared to boys. Multivariate analysis identified factors associated with overweight and obesity, including maternal self-employment(aOR=2.13,[1.35-3.35];p<0.001), regular physical activity (aOR=0.61,[0.47-0.8];p<0.001), internet usage ≥2 hours (aOR=0.70,[0.50-0.99];p=0.045), daily fruit-vegetable consumption (aOR=1.51,[1.15-1.97]; p=0.003), possible alexithymia (aOR=1.55,[1.07-2.22];p=0.018), probable anxiety (aOR=1.28,[0.87-1.89]; p=0.007), very probable anxiety (aOR=1.61,[1.14-2.2]; p=0.037), and problematic Facebook-use (aOR=0.67,[0.50-0.89]; p=0.006).
Conclusion: Understanding factors tied to excess weight in our social and cultural context is crucial in shaping effective public health strategies. Interventions should adopt a multisectoral approach specifically targeting working mothers within the adolescent's socio-familial environment .....( abstract truncated at 250 words).
Qui sont les Chercheurs «les plus cités»?
Authors: Ben Abdelaziz Ahmed , Zanina Youssef , Ben Abdelaziz Babba Asma , Zakhama Lilia
Published: March 2024

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Hommage au Professeur Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha, le Chercheur «le plus cité» en Afrique
Authors: Ben Abdelaziz Ahmed , Khelil Mohamed , Sakly Nabil , Zakhama Lilia
Published: March 2024

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Guru dalam Hubungannya dengan Proses Belajar Mengajar
Authors: VIKA FITROTUL UYUN
Published: March 2024

Teaching-learning activities are the main function and the most strategic effort to realize the institutional goals carried out by the institution. In the context of carrying out these institutional functions and tasks, the teacher places a position as a central figure. This study aims to determine the relationship of teachers to the student learning process. the method in this research is a literature review or literature study, which contains theories that are relevant to the problems in the research conducted by researchers. The role of the teacher in the modern world of education as it is today is increasing from being just a teacher to a director of learning. Consequently, the duties and responsibilities of teachers have become more complex and heavy as well, so that every teacher is expected to be clever in directing student learning activities in order to achieve learning success (academic performance) as set out in the objectives of PBM (Teaching and Learning Process) activities.
Dinamika Status Santri-Siswa di Madrasah Aliyah Al Islamiyah Danawarih Balapulang Tegal
Authors: Ayu Sofiani  , Ahmad Ziyaurrohman  , Puji Astuti  , Siti Amanah Mahiroh  , Siti Faikhatul Janah
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the Dynamics of Santri Status - Students at MA Al Islamiyah Danawarih Balapulang Tegal. The research method used descriptive qualitative, data collection through interviews, observation and documentation. The research paradigm is postpositivistic with data analysis of three models of Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results in this study are to determine the dynamics of the status of students (a santri who simultaneously attends formal school in a boarding school) at MA Al Islamiyah Danawarih. While the characteristics of santri - students at MA Al Islamiyah Danawarih are that all school residents are Muslim, wear uniforms or clothes that cover the aurat (sons squatting and daughters veiling), seating between boys and girls is separated, applying high discipline, reading asmaul husna and prayers at the beginning of lessons routinely in the morning before starting lessons, Diniyah school in the afternoon after formal school.
Respon Guru Terhadap Kebijakan Kemenag Tegal Tentang Hafalan Kitab Arbain Nawawi di MTs NU Wahid Hasyim Talang
Authors: Eka Nur Fitriyani  , Ferri Hidayat  , Ikfina Birki Amelia  , Laeni Royyani
Published: March 2024

The memorization program of Hadith Arba'in Nawawi is one form of implementation of the independent curriculum in madrasas in Tegal Regency. The Independent Curriculum is a practical curriculum from the previous curricula. By implementing this curriculum, students will be taught to memorize hadith and the Quran. The type of research used in this study is qualitative using field qualitative, because what is studied is in accordance with what is in the field directly. The results of this study indicate that the teacher's response to the tegal kemenag policy regarding memorizing hadith arbain nawawi is very responsive and is a new innovation in the implementation of learning, educators strongly support this kemenag program which was implemented after the pandemic. By providing students with a handbook of the hadith arbain nawawi book. In implementing the learning, the head of MTs Nu Wahid Hasyim Talang appointed one of the educators to teach the subject of memorizing hadith arbain nawawi which is included in the local content of reading and writing the Qur'an (BTQ). With the hope that after students have graduated from school they can memorize, understand the meaning, meaning of hadith and can be applied in social life.
Perilaku Bullying Verbal Pada Peserta Didik Kelas VIII dan IX SMP Negeri 3 Satu Atap Bojong
Authors: Nasikhatun Nafisah  , Mazro Atus Saadah  , Putri Anggriani
Published: March 2024

This research is about Verbal Bullying Behavior in Class IX Students of SMP Negeri 3 Satu Atap Bojong. The problem formulations in this study are: (1) what causes individuals to be verbally bullied? (2) what is the impact of verbal bullying on the victim? (3) what is the impact of verbal bullying on the perpetrator? (4) what are the efforts of counseling teachers in dealing with victims of verbal bullying? (5) what are the efforts of counseling teachers in preventing verbal bullying committed by students? This study aims to describe and find out about the forms of verbal bullying behavior that occur in class IX students of SMP Negeri 3 Satu Atap Bojong. quite low category. (1) Family factors as the main cause of individuals committing verbal bullying with the category "quite low" (2) Loneliness which is considered as an act of verbal bullying is "quite low" (3) The highest impact for perpetrators of verbal bullying will be expelled from school with a percentage of 66% with the category "quite". (4) The counseling teacher's effort to prevent verbal bullying with the highest percentage of 71% is to create an asocial context with a "high enough" category. (5) The counseling teacher's efforts in overcoming victims of verbal bullying are "quite high" with a percentage of 67% by working with the school and parents. The method in this study is a qualitative method with data collection techniques, namely by interviewing or observing SMP Negeri 3 Satu Atap Bojong.
Bimbingan dan Konseling dalam Perspektif Pendidikan: Aktualisasi Peran Bimbingan dan Konseling dalam Pendidikan Indonesia
Authors: Eni Rakhmawati
Published: March 2024

Education is a conscious and planned effort to create an atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential. Indeed, the existence of counseling guidance has a major function in developing human resources. All forms of deviations that we often hear today become a concern for the decline in social quality and character of this nation's generation in the future. The purpose of this study is to determine the importance of counseling guidance in the perspective of education and the role of guidance and counseling in education in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative with the type of library research.  The data reviewed in this paper is secondary data obtained through literature study. The subject of counseling is human, the existence of globalization has an impact on increasing human needs and desires to pursue various things that are offered and promise something better. The result of this research is that counseling guidance is a process of providing assistance provided by an expert (mentor teacher) continuously to an individual or a group of individuals (students), to prevent or overcome problems that arise with various potentials owned, so that they can achieve optimal development and can plan a better future, make adjustments to their environment and achieve their welfare. life. Cultural, psychological, educational and environmental aspects are important in the study of counseling and counseling guidance. Character building is one of the goals of national education. Schools from kindergarten to college have a central role in developing and instilling character values. Extra-curricular activities in schools that have been organized by schools are one of the good media for fostering the character of students.
Strategi Kegiatan Madrasah Diniyah Islamiyah Babakan dalam Menanamkan Karakter Religius Siswa di MI Islamiyah Babakan Lebaksiu Kabupaten Tegal
Authors: Aris Aris Munandar
Published: March 2024

The problem of character is one of the problems that always concerns every nation. The occurrence of a degradation of character values or the loss of a character will certainly be a setback for every nation. One of the characters that must be embedded is religious character which is the attitude and responsibility of a person towards his god. MI Islamiyah Babakan has anticipated this by collaborating with Madrasah Diniyah Islamiyah in instilling religious character to its students. This study aims to: (1). To find out the strategy of religious character formation through the Diniyah Madrasah program. (2). To find out the strategy plan for students' religious character through the Diniyah program at MI Islamiyah Babakan Lebaksiu Tegal. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection by researchers using interviews, observations and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of madrasah diniyah activities at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Islamiyah has two activities, namely reading and writing the qur'an and strengthening lessons. Each activity nurtures different religious character values. Both activities give birth to the character of love for the Qur'an, ruhul jihad or a soul that always wants to strive, likes to worship and has morals.
Classification in physical education
Authors: Prof. Dr. Hardan Aziz Salman
Published: March 2024

Classification in physical educationIt is not surprising to say that the phenomenon of individual differences between people is one of the most influential phenomena in our practical life. Since dealing with people and passing judgments on individuals, as well as learning, guidance, behavior, treatment, behavior, ... to other human activities, are subject in the general view to individual differences.The difference of people among themselves in many abilities (mental, motor, and physical) in personal traits, tendencies and psychological tendencies, as well as physical measures provides the opportunity to explain these differences, and then measure and classify them on the basis of homogeneous or similar groups, and this also allows us to subject this phenomenon (differences to Individual) for study and research.. Thus, it is considered one of the sciences with foundations, theories and principles that many scientific institutes have been interested in, and many scholars and experts specialize in it.
Analysis of the Legal Framework and Common Practices Governing Law of Bail in Pakistan
Authors: Razzaq Muhamamd Umair , Ali Ahmad Abbas Sial  , Muhammad Muneeb Raza
Published: March 2024

This research study delves into the profound significance of bail and its multifaceted role within the context of access to justice and the criminal justice framework in Pakistan. At its core, it underscores the paramount importance of the right to liberty and life, enshrined as a fundamental human right upheld and regulated by the legal system. This right, cherished universally, finds its safeguard in the hallowed provisions of Article 4, 9, and 10 of the Constitution of Pakistan. The concept of bail emerges as a pivotal cornerstone within this discourse, serving a dual purpose of paramount importance. On one hand, it upholds the principle of preserving individual freedom, recognizing the inherent dignity and rights of every person to not be deprived of their liberty without just cause. On the other hand, bail also serves to protect the broader societal interests, striking a delicate equilibrium within the criminal justice system.
Notably, individuals granted bail are afforded a distinct advantage, a more favorable opportunity to diligently prepare and present their case. This advantage stands in stark contrast to those held in detention until their trial, often grappling with limitations that hinder their ability to participate fully in their defense. This dichotomy underscores the profound impact of bail on the overall fairness and effectiveness of legal proceedings. In the quest to advance the cause of public justice and to align with the principles of fairness and equity, it becomes imperative to scrutinize and, where necessary, curtail the reliance on mechanical detention. This research study aims to contribute to this imperative discussion by shedding light on the nuanced interplay between bail, constitutional rights, and access to justice within the unique context of Pakistan's criminal justice system.
Truth in Context: Exploring the Role of Circumstantial Evidence in a Criminal Trial
Authors: Hafiz Muhammad Azeem  , Muhammad Zahid Rafique  , Mubashar Tariq  , Muhammad Shahid Sultan
Published: March 2024

The Law of Evidence encompasses a structured framework of regulations employed to discern and ascertain factual information in the adjudication of disputes and the establishment of legal rights and obligations. It encompasses all forms of substantiation introduced during a trial, stratifying as either direct or indirect, with the latter encompassing circumstantial evidence. The utilization of circumstantial evidence, in conjunction with oral testimony, assumes a pivotal role in the adjudication of criminal cases by bolstering the credibility of witnesses and facilitating equitable judicial determinations. This paper delves into the role of circumstantial evidence within the context of legal proceedings, contending that while direct evidence may carry more inherent persuasiveness for jurors, circumstantial evidence also serves as a vital instrument in ascertaining the truth within the specific circumstances of a case. The research seeks to explore the substantive importance of circumstantial evidence in the realm of criminal trials. Employing a comprehensive analysis of pertinent case law and scholarly literature, this study endeavors to contribute to an enhanced comprehension of how judicial bodies can effectively evaluate circumstantial evidence within the overall spectrum of evidentiary appreciation.
Legality of Anticipatory Self-Defense in International Criminal Law: Special Case Studies in Focus
Authors: Ahmad Usama , Hamza Rehman  , Khan Abu Bakar
Published: March 2024

On February 24, 2022, a significant international event transpired as Russian military forces crossed into Ukraine, initiating a full-scale conflict under the assertion of Anticipatory Self-defense. This development has sparked renewed discussions and inquiries into the legal and practical dimensions of Anticipatory Self-defense as a pretext for military actions. Notably, Anticipatory Self-defense has been invoked in the past, most notably by the Bush administration during the Iraq War and currently by the Israeli government in various contexts. In a similar vein, President Vladimir Putin employed the doctrine of Anticipatory Self-defense to legitimize and provide a legal basis for the Russian military's actions in Ukraine.
This research paper seeks to undertake a thorough and systematic exploration of the essentials and legal aspects of Anticipatory Self-defense as a concept, examining its application and relevance in contemporary international relations. The primary objective is to shed light on the justifiability and legality of utilizing Anticipatory Self-defense as a rationale for military intervention, with a specific focus on the recent events in Ukraine. In addition to an overarching discussion on the principles and nuances of Anticipatory Self-defense, this paper will delve into select case studies from recent history, drawing upon experiences and actions taken by various countries, including the United States and Israel.
Through a comprehensive analysis that combines legal, historical, and political perspectives, this research endeavor aims to provide a nuanced understanding of Anticipatory Self-defense, its utilization by different nations, and whether it can serve as a valid legal basis for military actions.Top of FormBottom of Form
Addressing Historical Injustices: Advancing Indigenous Rights in Legal System of Pakistan and Beyond
Authors: Settara Jubeen  , Islam Muhammad , Ume Tayyaba
Published: March 2024

This article delves into the critical issue of defining and defending indigenous peoples' and ethnic minorities' rights within the larger human rights framework. Because of a long and complex history of marginalization and centuries of discrimination and injustice, these communities are entitled to government protection based on ethical and moral considerations under international human rights law. The review study investigates the far-reaching implications of their enslavement, which have a significant impact on their social, economic, cultural, and general well-being, particularly in Pakistan. Although significant progress has been made through law amendments, reconciliation processes, and international initiatives, there is still much work to be done. This paper underlines the need for comprehensive measures, such as enacting legal reforms, raising public awareness, and creating global solidarity, in achieving true equality and justice for all people, regardless of ethnic or indigenous ancestry.
The International Legal Framework with regards to Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Driss Ed.daran  , Rehman Akhtar  , Hafiz Syed Shoaib Altaf
Published: March 2024

The Russia-Ukraine War highlights the collision of realpolitik with international law, illustrating the unavoidable conflicts that develop when international law meets defiance. This article deals with the conflict's complex legal landscape, finding contradicting results in the fields of collective security and international judicial procedure. While collective security has been ineffective in addressing the jus ad bellum parts of the war, Ukraine has demonstrated great effectiveness in its legal counterattacks against Russia, demonstrating its potential for international judicial advocacy. Despite occasional obstacles, the article argues that the enduring Westphalian values of sovereign equality, border inviolability, territorial integrity, political independence, and autonomy are the cornerstones of the international system. These principles, which are incorporated in the United Nations Charter, have legal relevance for all member nations. The Russia-Ukraine War vividly illustrates Russia's flagrant breach of these fundamental norms, prompting a critical study of the relationship between realpolitik and international law.
Despite occasional challenges, this research asserts that the enduring principles of Westphalian sovereignty, border integrity, territorial inviolability, political independence, and autonomy remain fundamental to the international system. These core principles, enshrined in the United Nations Charter, hold legal significance for all member states. The Russia-Ukraine War serves as a stark reminder of Russia's blatant violations of these foundational norms, prompting a crucial examination of the intricate interplay between realpolitik and international law, with broader implications for the global order and future conflicts.
Violation of Copyright in Pakistan: Issues and Future Prospects
Authors: Fatima Dr. Samza , Syed Mudassir Shah
Published: March 2024

This research delves into the key role of copyright protection in nurturing creativity, innovation, and economic growth within Pakistan's creative industries, shedding light on persistent challenges in the country's legal framework. Despite existing laws encompassing literature, visual arts, music, and film, the absence of precise definitions for originality and fair use has led to widespread confusion, impeding effective enforcement and discouraging legal recourse against infringers. The study scrutinizes the impact of international agreements, such as the Berne Convention and the WIPO Copyright Treaty, on Pakistan's copyright landscape, recognizing positive developments while pinpointing ongoing challenges like resource constraints, limited public awareness, and rampant piracy. The ramifications of copyright infringement on the creative sector are explored, emphasizing financial losses, diminished investment, and a decline in high-quality productions. The paper advocates for legal and policy reforms, encompassing clearer definitions and stringent enforcement mechanisms, alongside capacity building and public awareness initiatives to fortify copyright protection. Furthermore, it recommends international collaboration with internet service providers to combat online infringement, drawing insights from successful strategies in the US and the UK, exemplified by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The paper concludes by underscoring the imperative for robust copyright protection in Pakistan's creative industry, proposing actionable avenues for enhancement. The chosen qualitative research methodology aims to optimize outcomes by addressing previous limitations and synthesizing various research approaches for comprehensive insights.
A Comprehensive Review of ICRC's Role in Promoting the Applicability of International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Safdar Muhammad Asif , Saadat Ali Nadeem  , Syed Muhammad Wafa Abbas Gilani  , Prof. Dr. Rao Imran Habib
Published: March 2024

This article provides an in-depth examination of the International Committee of the Red Cross's (ICRC) multifaceted role in promoting the applicability of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). With a unique and distinctive nature, the ICRC, which has been in existence for 150 years, plays a crucial role in encouraging compliance with International Humanitarian Law (IHL). It functions as a direct advocate for the Conventions in various conflicts around the globe. Before the establishment of the Conventions, the ICRC has been instrumental in the development of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) since the mid-1800s. The author also examines how historical influence continues to shape the ICRC's obligations under the Conventions. Despite the Conventions' limited function for the ICRC, its actual operations differ greatly from its authorised duties. States and non-state actors recognise the ICRC's unique status as a Swiss NGO with an international presence and accept its actions. The ICRC's history of using discretion and flexibility to navigate a treaty with a weak mandate supports this acceptance.
The Erosion of Tax Culture in Pakistan: Exploring the Consequences of Income Tax Evasion
Authors: Khurram Baig  , Ali Raza Laghari  , Dr. Rehman Akhtar  , Ansar Abbas
Published: March 2024

This study examined the causes and consequences of income tax evasion in Pakistan's income tax culture. The aim of this study is to provide lawmakers and tax authorities with guidance on how to promote. The subject matter of this study was the importance of escaping financial responsibility through tax nonpayment locally and globally. Analyzing it with the help of qualitative data analysis methods was necessary. From these findings, causes of tax evasion may include high tax rates, complex legal systems as well as lack of trust in government. Proposals for legislative changes will be made by improving law enforcement measures; conducting awareness programs among publics; strengthening governance; increasing collaboration with other agencies, and monitoring policies Hence, these issues need to be dealt with so that a revenue stream is collected and compliance assured as illustrated in this report. Therefore, this article is a guide for policymakers, supervisors and academicians on how to best handle the issue which will make Pakistan a favorable place for doing business.
Kapasitas Antioksidan Etlingera doliiformis: Jahe-jahean Endemik Sulawesi
Authors: Hurria
Published: March 2024

Zingiberaceae is an aromatic plant that has the potential to produce essential oils. One of the species is Elingera doliiformis. Etlingera doliiformis A.D. Poulsen is an endemic species to Sulawesi from the Zingiberaceae family. This study is the first to examine the antioxidant potential of E. doliiformis. The aim of this research is to obtain the antioxidant capacity value of the endemic plant of Sulawesi, namely E. doliiformis. The plant materials used are leaves and flowers. Antioxidant capacity analysis was carried out using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The vitamin C antioxidant test was carried out by dissolving 20 mg of vitamin C in 100 ml of 96% ethanol. The antioxidant activity of E. doliiformis flowers and leaves was determined using the DPPH test. The percentage of inhibition in flowers was higher than in leaves, although the difference was not significant. The results of the analysis of the antioxidant capacity of Etlingera doliiformis leaves and flowers showed high antioxidant potential. This potential can be used as a development in the pharmaceutical industry in the future.
Keanekaragaman Cacing Tanah Pada Tanah Residu Pestisida di Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Dodik Saputra  , M. Harja Efendi  , Risa Umami
Published: March 2024

Penggunaan pestisida pada lahan pertanian dimaksudkan untuk mempertahankan produksi dan mengusir hama pertnaian tanaman sayuran (sawi). Akan tetapi, kurangnya ilmu pengetahuan tentang dampak dan bahaya yang ditimbulkan oleh penggunaan pestisida pada lahan pertanian menyebabkan pengaplikasian pestisida dilakukan secara berlebihan dan tidak sesuai dengan dosis yang telah di tentukan. Sehingga dapat mengganggu kelangsungan hidup organisme yang ada di sekitarnya. Salah satu organisme yang secara langsung terkena oleh dampak residu pestisida adalah cacing tanah.Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepadatan cacing tanah pada lahan pertanian sayuran (sawi) terpapar pestisida di Dusun Bug-bug, Kecamatan Lingsar – Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengambilan data penelitian nantinya akan di lakukan dengan menggambarkan dan mengidentifikasi hasil penelitian dalam bentuk data dan tabel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di lahan pertanian sayuran (sawi) ada lima jenis cacing tanah yang didapatkan, yaitu: species Lumbricus rubellus, Lumbricus terrestis, Phontoscolex corethrurus, Perionyx excavatus dan Eisenia foetida. Kepadatan cacing tanah di lahan pertanian yaitu Lumbricus rubellus (0,28) dan Lumbricus terrestis (0,142) dan Pontoscolex sp. (0,28), Perionyx excavatus (0,142), serta Eisenia foetida (0,142).
Pengaruh Variasi Media Tanam Biochar Tongkol Jagung Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Usnul Melawti  , Edi M. Jayadi  , Ervina Titi Jayanti
Published: March 2024

Kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan sumber protein nabati. Kandungan protein kacang hijau sebesar 22%, yang menempati urutan ketiga setelah kedelai dan kacang tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi media tanam biochar tongkol jagung terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.). Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Terdapat 6 perlakuan variasi media tanam yaitu P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 dan P6, masing-masing perlakuan dengan 4 kali ulangan dan pada setiap ulangan ditanam 3 biji tanaman kacang hijau. Parameter yang diamati pada pertumbuhan tanaman kacang hijau yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah helai daun, lebar daun, panjang akar, berat basah tanaman, dan berat kering tanaman. Parameter yang diamati pada hasil tanaman kacang hijau yaitu jumlah bunga, jumlah polong, jumlah biji dan berat biji. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji sidik ragam Annalisis Of Varians (Anova). Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa penggunaan variasi media tanam biochar tongkol jagung berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kacang hijau. Perlakuan yang dominan memiliki nilai tertinggi yaitu perlakuan P1 dengan pemberian variasi 10% media tanam biochar tongkol jagung. Penggunaan variasi media tanam biochar tongkol jagung tidak berpengaruh terhadap hasil tanaman kacang hijau. Perlakuan yang dominan memiliki nilai tertinggi yaitu perlakuan P1 dengan pemberian variasi 10% media tanam biochar tongkol jagung.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Cair Nira Aren (Arenga pinnata) Terhadap pertumbuhan Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum)
Authors: Jannah Siti Soburatul , Ekaningtias Maya , Nurmiati
Published: March 2024

The need for red onions has not yet been balanced by the amount of production, so the government always brings in red onions through imports to meet the community's needs. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the growth of shallots (Allium ascalonicum) on the application of liquid organic fertilizer from sap (Arenga pinnata). The approach used in this research is quantitative research. The research was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) with different concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer from palm sap, with concentrations of 0 ml, 20 ml, 40 ml, 60 ml, 80 ml and 100 ml, a total of 6 treatments, with 5 replications. The results of the research show that based on the ANOVA test, the calculated F value was 1,954, while the F table (0.05) on the diameter of shallot plant bulbs shows that there is a significant influence provided that F calculated>F table. Apart from that, based on the results of the anova test, the parameters of plant height (0.178), the significant value of the number of plant leaves (0.067), and the significant value of the diameter of the plant tuber (0.133) so that the research results obtained indicate that liquid organic fertilizer of sugar palm sap has an effect on height growth. plants, number of leaves, and diameter of shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum).
Model Pembelajaran POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP Miftahul Khair NW Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Authors: Azhari Sofian , Purwati Nining , Mahsul Alwan , Bq Siti Maulida Azmi  , Juwita Lestari
Published: March 2024

This classroom action research aims to improve students' critical thinking skills through the application of the POE (predict-observe-explain) learning model. The study was conducted in two cycles with a total of six meetings. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were the 8th-grade students of Miftahul Khair Islamic Junior High School, Central Lombok. The data collected were students' critical thinking skills and the activity of the POE (predict-observe-explain) learning model implementation namely teacher activities and student activities. The instruments used were critical thinking test instruments and observation sheets for the implementation of the POE learning model (predict-observe-explain). The research data were analyzed by comparative descriptive. The results showed that the application of the POE (predict-observe-explain) learning model could improve students' critical thinking skills, as evidenced by the average student's critical thinking skills which increased from an average score of 41 in the moderate.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Talking Stick Dipadu Dengan Media Torso Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Biologi Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Batukliang Kabupaten Lombok Tengah Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Irdina Martha  , Suhirman  , Neneng Agustiningsih
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Talking Stick dipadu media torso terhadap hasil belajar siswa Biologi kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Batukliang Kabupaten Lombok Tengah Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini  adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen.  Populasi  sebanyak 80  dengan mengambil 2 kelompok semple yang dimana sebanyak 40 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data, lembar observasi dan hasil belajar, dan untuk analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi. Berdasarkan data yang dihasilkan peneliti nilai sig (2-tailed) = 0,000 < 0,05 artinya Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima sehingga diperoleh kesimpulan adanya hubungan hasil belajar. hasil belajar tidak berhubungan. Berdasarkan nilai sig (2-tailed) = 0,000 > 0,05 artinya Ho diterima dan H1 ditolak sehingga diperoleh kesimpulan tidak adanya hubungan antara  hasil belajar.
Pengaruh Metode Demonstrasi yang Diajarkan Dengan Model Project Based Learning (Pjbl) Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Kelas X Ipa Sma Negeri 1 Praya Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Yuliani  , Alwan Mahsul  , Neneng Agustiningsih
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode demonstrasi yang diajarkan dengan model Project Based Learning (PjBL) terhadap keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 1 Praya Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kuasi eksperimen (Quasi-Experimental). Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelas X MIPA 1, sebanyak 4 kelas dengan jumlah keselurhan siswa sebanyak 72 siswa. Penelitian ini memakai dua kelompok sampel, yakni kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol, penelitian berjumlah 18 siswa untuk kelompok eksperimen dan 18 siswa untuk kelompok kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen dalam penelitian ini yaitu kelompok siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan metode demonstrasi yang diajarkan dengan model project based learning (PjBL), sedangkan untuk kelompok kontrol yaitu kelompok siswa nyang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa test essay dan lembar observasi yang kemudian diuji coba pada kelas dengan pretes-posttes desaign. Hasil rata-rata analisis data kuantitatif menunjukkan ketercapain keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa pada pretes dan posttest. Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis statistik dengan uji-t’n (α = 0,05) diperoleh hasil sebesar 0,000. Dari hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan N-Gain, diperoleh hasil 62,86 berkategori tinggi. Oleh sebab itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh metode demonstrasi yang diajarkan dengan model Project Based Learning (PjBL) terhadap keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 1 Praya Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022.
PENGUJIAN MODEL FISIK TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK HIDRAULIK SALURAN PELUNCUR PADA BANGUNAN SPILLWAY
Authors: Lutfi Hair Djunur  , Muhammad Saleh Pallu  , Riswal Karamma  , Bambang Bakri
Published: March 2024

Aliran air pada bangunan pelimpahan menghasilkan aliran super kritis dengan daya energi sangat

kuat, sehingga dapat melnyebabkan hancurnya konstruksi dan alur sungai di bagian hilir

bendungan. Uji coba bangunan spillway dilakukan untuk memverifikasi pola aliran yang terjadi

untuk menentukan letak bangunan peredam energi yang tepat dalam mereduksi energi aliran. Salah

satu lingkup pekerjaan pada model spillway adalah saluran peluncur di bagian hilir spillway yang

memiliki panjang 60 m. Dalam upaya meredam energi aliran yang terjadi pada saluran peluncur

untuk mengurangi loncatan hidraulik pada hilir bangunan spillway maka dilakukan pengujian pola

aliran dalam kondisi stabil dalam menentukan model dimensi baffle block yang diletakkan pada

saluran peluncur. Metode yang digunakan dalam pemodelan meliputi pemodelan fisik, pengujian

bangunan spillway, dan pengamatan aliran air serta energi yang terjadi. Model alur bangunan

spillway dibuat dengan skala 1:50 baik dalam keadaan tegak maupun datar (tanpa distorsi). Hasil

uji model menunjukkan bahwa aliran air pada hulu saluran peluncur terjadi aliran silang (vortex)

akibat perubahan bentuk penampang saluran pada jarak 22 m dengan energi aliran super kritis.

Pada saluran peredam energi terjadi perubahan loncatan hidraulik yang cukup besar akibat energi

aliran air yang mengalir pada saluran peluncur cukup deras. Profil ini perlu dilindungi dengan

baffle block, kecuali jika dasar saluran yang ada merupakan batuan dasar yang keras.