bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between parental emotional abuse and interpersonal competence and digital game addiction: A path analysis
Authors: Taş İbrahim
Published: January 2023

Background:

Digital game addiction is a negative effect of the technological developments that have taken place and has been reported in literature as a serious mental health problem for children and adolescents in the developmental period.

Aim:

This study investigates the relationship between perceived emotional abuse from parents and interpersonal competence and game addiction by using a model.

Methods and Material:

The study group comprised 360 adolescents, with 197 (54.7%) being female and 163 (45.8%) male. The adolescents’ ages varied between 13 and 18 and their average age was 15.55. The data were collected using Psychological Maltreatment Questionnaire, Interpersonal Competence Scale, and Game Addiction Scale. The relationship between variables was tested using structural equation modeling.

Results:

The emotional abuse perceived from the mother significantly influences interpersonal competence and game addiction. Emotional abuse perceived from the father significantly influences game addiction. Interpersonal competence negatively influences game addiction at a significant level. Interpersonal competence mediates the relationship between maternal emotional abuse and digital game addiction.

Conclusions:

Maternal emotional abuse has been effective in decreasing interpersonal competence levels in adolescents. Parental emotional abuse is effective in game addiction in adolescents. Low level of interpersonal competence among adolescents affects game addiction. Emotional abuse perceived from the mother affects digital game addiction through interpersonal competence. Accordingly, educators, researchers, and clinicians dealing with digital game addiction in adolescents should consider the effect of perceived parental emotional abuse and interpersonal competence.
Development of a Hepatic VX2 carcinoma model in rabbits using an improved minimally invasive method and evaluation with imaging examinations
Authors: Yuan Gang , Xu Yanneng , Wang Yunqiao , Zhang Xun , Wang Weiming , He Yanzheng , Zhu Xiaoming
Published: January 2023

Context:

The hepatic VX2 carcinoma model in rabbits has been widely used in interventional diagnosis and treatment research for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, traditional methods for developing this model all have their shortcomings.

Aims:

To develop an improved method to construct an animal model of hepatic VX2 carcinoma.

Settings and Design:

The puncture technique was used to obtain the VX2 tumor tissue. A tumor puncture–inoculation kit was designed and modified to implant the tumor tissue into the recipient rabbit's liver.

Methods and Material:

18 New Zealand white rabbits were implanted with VX2 tumor tissue using the improved tumor puncture–inoculation kit under ultrasound guidance. Ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and digital subtraction angiography were performed to evaluate tumor formation and imaging characteristics.

Statistical Analysis:

Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Two groups were compared using Student's t-test analysis.

Results:

All rabbits tolerated VX2 tumor tissue implantation successfully. 17 out of the 18 experimental rabbits developed liver tumors, and one rabbit had abdominal tumor metastasis. The average volume of tumors was 39.47 mm3 and 460.1 mm3 (P < 0.001) on the 7th and 14th days after modeling, respectively. Imageological diagnosis showed that all tumors had abundant blood supply and typical imaging characteristics.

Conclusions:

This improved modeling method is easy to operate and less traumatic, with a high tumor formation rate, low metastasis rate, prominent tumor imaging characteristics, and high detection rate, which is expected to become a promising method for constructing rabbit liver tumor model.
mFOLFOX4 with or without radiation in neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced middle and low rectal cancer
Authors: Yan Hongxia , Zhang Yixun , Hao Zhiying , Lu Yanjun , Liu Haiyi
Published: January 2023

Context:

Neoadjuvant therapy can reduce the recurrence rate of locally advanced middle and low rectal cancer. Radiation therapy can not only bring benefits but also produce acute and late toxicity, which will affect the quality of life and organ function of patients; the application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy can avoid the toxicity of radiotherapy.

Aims:

To investigate the efficiency and side effects of preoperative modified FOLFOX4 (mFOLFOX4) chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for locally advanced middle and low rectal cancer (LAMLRC).

Methods and Material:

This study included 431 patients with LAMLRC receiving mFOLFOX4 chemotherapy independently or combined with radiotherapy before operation. The basic information, efficacy indicators, and adverse reactions of the two groups were recorded in detail. Side effects were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v. 3.0.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science, IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 22). Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square test were used for comparative analysis. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05.

Results:

Of 128 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 52 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT), and 76 received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). The average operation time in the NCT group was 2.71 h, and that in the NCRT group was 3.35 h (P = 0.005). The pathological complete remission rates in the NCT and NCRT groups were 1.9% and 17.1%, respectively (P = 0.007). There was no significant difference in the T-stage decline rate and lymph node positive rate between the two groups. There were higher rates of leukopenia (32.7% vs. 57.9%; P < 0.05) and diarrhea (0% vs. 9.2%; P < 0.05) in the NCRT group. The 3-year overall survival rates in the NCT and NCRT groups were 80.3% and 82.8% (P = 0.715), respectively, and the respective 3-year disease-free survival rates were 68.8% and 70.5% (P = 0.966).

Conclusions:

NCT with mFOLFOX4 independently resulted in a lower pathological complete remission rate, with less toxicity and shorter operation time. NCT with mFOLFOX4 has certain clinical usefulness.
Study on short-term cosmetic effects and quality of life after breast cancer modified radical mastectomy combined with one-stage prosthesis implantation
Authors: Yan Hongxia , Gao Peng , Kong Xiangyi , Wei Jianjian , Fang Yi , Wang Jing
Published: January 2023

Background:

This study investigated the reconstruction effect of skin-preserving breast cancer modified radical mastectomy combined with one-stage breast prosthesis implantation in female patients to analyze relevant factors and observe the effect of prosthesis reconstruction on short-term breast satisfaction, psycho-social functions, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with breast cancer after the operation.

Methods:

Patients were divided into two groups based on the reconstruction effect (an excellent effect group and a good and general effect group). Patients' short-term cosmetic effect on the breast after breast cancer modified radical mastectomy combined with one-stage breast prosthesis implantation was prospectively followed up to analyze influencing factors. At post-operative 6 months, the breast satisfaction dimension, psycho-social dimension, upper limb breast health dimension, and surgical satisfaction dimension in the prosthesis reconstruction module in the BREAST-Q scale were used for follow-up evaluation.

Results:

The excellent rate of prosthesis reconstruction was 91.3%. A significant correlation was observed among the reconstruction effect, implant volume, and number of children born by the patient (P < 0.05). The correlation with age, BMI (body mass index), operation time, nipple and areola retention, operation method, and incision was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). At post-operative 6 months, the Breast-Q score was significantly different in the overall breast satisfaction dimension and outcome satisfaction dimension between the two groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Breast cancer modified radical mastectomy combined with one-stage breast prosthesis implantation can not only fulfill patients' physical aesthetic needs but also positively affect their psychosocial behavior to improve post-operative QOL.
Meta-analysis of neurocognitive rehabilitation for cognitive dysfunction among pediatric cancer survivors
Authors: He Fang , Huang Haiying , Ye Liyan , Wen Xiulan , Cheng Andy S. K.
Published: January 2023

Cancer and its treatment significantly affect the cognitive functioning of pediatric cancer survivors. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of neurocognitive rehabilitation interventions on the cognitive functioning and intellectual performance of pediatric cancer survivors. Four databases were searched until December 15, 2021. RevMan 5.4 was used to analyze the effects of neurocognitive rehabilitation interventions on the cognitive functioning of pediatric cancer survivors. Ten eligible randomized controlled trials were initially identified, and nine of these were included in the meta-analysis. For the working memory outcome, the pooled effect results favored study interventions and had statistical significance at postintervention assessment (Z = 2.24, P = 0.03). For the attention outcome, there were significant statistical differences at postintervention and 3/6-month follow-up assessment (Z = 2.72, P = 0.007 and Z = 10.45, P < 0.001, respectively). For the executive functioning outcome, there were significant statistical differences at postintervention and 3/6-month follow-up assessment (Z = 2.90, P = 0.004 and Z = 14.75, P < 0.001, respectively). For the academic/intellectual performance secondary outcome, the pooled overall effects of study interventions on the academic/intellectual outcome were positive at postintervention and follow-up assessment (Ps < 0.001). No studies reported any adverse events related to neurocognitive and educational interventions. This meta-analysis found that neurocognitive rehabilitation interventions improve the working memory, attention, and executive functioning of pediatric cancer survivors at postintervention and short-term follow-up. Neurocognitive rehabilitation also has positive effects on the academic/intellectual performance of this study population during a vulnerable period in their development.
Useful genes for predicting the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Guo Yuan , Hu Hongtao , Xu Shijun , Xia Weili , Li Hailiang
Published: January 2023

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is generally used to treat patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common and deadly cancer; however, its efficacy varies according to factors such as tumor volume, stage, serum alpha-fetoprotein level, and chosen feeding artery. In addition, gene-related factors have been recently suggested to be involved in the regulation and prediction of TACE outcomes. Accordingly, genes could serve as effective biomarkers to select patients who can benefit from TACE. These gene-related factors can activate signaling pathways affecting cancer cell survival while regulating the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and the tumor microenvironment, all directly associated with tumor progression, thereby affecting TACE efficacy. Moreover, this disordered gene expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC, including TACE resistance, postoperative recurrence, and metastasis. To identify the exact relationship between various genes and TACE efficacy, this review summarizes the involvement of protein-coding and non-coding genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms in TACE efficacy for predicting the efficacy of TACE; the present findings may help improve the efficacy of TACE in clinical settings.
The relationship between Clostridium butyricum and colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Hairong , Xu Xin , Liang Jing , Wang Jun , Li Yan
Published: January 2023

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in intestinal diseases. The resident microorganisms in the digestive tract contribute to maintenance of gut homeostasis. Some bacterial species have been identified and are suspected to play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Many studies have found that Clostridium butyricum has a close relationship with CRC, and the mechanism is becoming increasingly clear. This review discusses the possible relationship between C. butyricum and CRC.
Computed tomography findings, associated factors, and management of pulmonary nodules in 54,326 healthy individuals
Authors: Liang Xinyu , Kong Yongmei , Shang Hui , Yang Mingxin , Lu Wenjing , Zeng Qingshi , Zhang Guang , Ye Xin
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

To investigate the pulmonary nodules detected by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), identified factors affecting the size and number of pulmonary nodules (single or multiple), and the pulmonary nodules diagnosed and management as lung cancer in healthy individuals.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 54,326 healthy individuals who received chest LDCT screening. According to the results of screening, the detection rates of pulmonary nodules, grouped according to the size and number of pulmonary nodules (single or multiple), and the patients' gender, age, history of smoking, hypertension, and diabetes were statistically analyzed to determine the correlation between each factor and the characteristics of the nodules. The pulmonary nodules in healthy individuals diagnosed with lung cancer were managed with differently protocols.

Results:

The detection rate of pulmonary nodules was 38.8% (21,055/54,326). The baseline demographic characteristics of patients with pulmonary nodules were: 58% male and 42% female patients, 25.7% smoking and 74.3% nonsmoking individuals, 40–60 years old accounted for 49%, 54.8% multiple nodules, and 45.2% single nodules, and ≤5-mm size accounted for 80.4%, 6–10 mm for 18.2%, and 11–30 mm for 1.4%. Multiple pulmonary nodules were more common in hypertensive patients. Diabetes is not an independent risk factor for several pulmonary nodules. Of all patients with lung nodules, 26 were diagnosed with lung cancer, accounting for 0.1% of all patients with pulmonary nodules, 0.6% with nodules ≥5 mm, and 2.2% with nodules ≥8 mm, respectively. Twenty-six patients with lung cancer were treated with surgical resection (57.7%), microwave ablation (MWA, 38.5%), and follow-up (3.8%).

Conclusions:

LDCT was suitable for large-scale pulmonary nodules screening in healthy individuals, which was helpful for the early detection of suspicious lesions in the lung. In addition to surgical resection, MWA is an option for early lung cancer treatment.
Efficacy and adverse reactions of intra-arterial chemotherapy in patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Ji Junjie , Yao Yu , Guan Fengju , Sun Lijiang , Zhang Guiming
Published: January 2023

This meta-analysis investigated the efficacies of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) plus intravesical chemotherapy (IVC) versus IVC alone in patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and preoperative IAC versus preoperative intravenous chemotherapy (IV) in patients with bladder cancer. We also assessed the adverse reactions (ARs) of IAC. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for English articles published before April 2021. The qualities of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials were analyzed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, respectively. Effect outcomes were computed by random-effects and fixed-effects models. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 16.0 and RevMan v5.3.0. A total of seven articles were included. The analysis revealed that IAC plus IVC significantly prolonged recurrence-free survival (RFS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.40–0.76, I
2 = 0%) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.37–0.97, I
2 = 0%) compared with IVC alone in NMIBC patients after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), but had no effect on overall survival (OS), tumor recurrence interval, or tumor-specific death rate. Preoperative IAC had no significant OS benefit compared with preoperative IV in bladder cancer patients. Regarding ARs, patients treated with IAC were significantly more likely to develop grade 1–2 ARs, including nausea/vomiting (odds ratio [OR] = 26.38, 95% CI = 1.88–370.79, I
2 = 78%), neutropenia (OR = 10.15, 95% CI = 3.01–34.24, I
2 = 0%), hypoleukemia (OR = 5.49, 95% CI = 1.38–21.82, I
2 = 26%), and increased alanine aminotransferase (OR = 12.28, 95% CI = 2.24–67.43, I
2 = 0%), but there was no significant difference between grade 1–2 ARs and grade 3–4 ARs in terms of increased creatinine in patients treated with IAC. Therefore, administration of IAC plus IVC after TURBT improved RFS and PFS compared with IAC alone in patients with NMIBC. IAC was associated with mild ARs and was well tolerated by most patients.
Efficacy and safety of 2-micron laser versus conventional trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor for non-muscle-invasive bladder tumor
Authors: Gu Jun , He Zexi , Chen Zhenjie , Wu Haichao , Ding Mingxia
Published: January 2023

Aim:

To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of 2-micron laser and conventional trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder tumor (NMIBT), providing evidence-based evidence for clinical treatment.

Materials and Methods:

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CMB, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched since their inception until December 2021 for all eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to 2-micron laser and TURBT for treating NMIBT. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted outcome indicators, and assessed the risk of bias according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Binary and continuous variables were calculated by relative risk (RR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI), respectively. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 15.0 software were used for all statistical analysis.

Results:

A total of ten RCTs involving 1,163 patients were included: 596 cases in the 2-micron laser group and 567 cases in the TURBT group. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that 2-micron laser has advantages over the TURBT in operative duration (MD = −2.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−8.55, 2.68], P = 0.31), operative blood loss (MD = −19.93, 95%CI [−33.26, −6.60], P = 0.003), length of hospital stay (MD = −0.94, 95%CI [−1.38, −0.50], P < 0.001), post-operative bladder irrigation time (MD = −28.60, 95%CI [−50.60, −6.59], P = 0.01), period of catheterization days (MD = −1.07, 95%CI [−1.73, −0.40], P = 0.002), obturator nerve reflex (RR = −0.06, 95%CI [0.02, 0.15], P < 0.001), bladder perforation (RR = 0.14, 95%CI [0.06, 0.35], P < 0.001), and bladder irritation (RR = 0.30, 95%CI [0.20, 0.46], P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two surgical methods in post-operative urethral stricture and short-term recurrence of NMIBT.

Conclusion:

Compared with TURBT, 2-micron laser may be safer and more effective for NMIBT management. However, these conclusions need to be validated through more high-quality RCTs because of the quality limitations and publication bias of the included studies.
Comparison of 8spheres polyvinyl alcohol microsphere and gelatin sponge particle efficacy for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in stages A to B patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Jia , Wang Yufeng , Wang Huiwen , Hou Yingwen , He Dongfeng
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and prognostic analysis results of 8spheres polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microspheres (8SM) with gelatin sponge (GS) particles for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with stages A–B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods:

Data were collected from 172 patients who underwent TACE at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2014 to July 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: TACE group using 8SM plus lipiodol (8spheres PVA group, N = 89) and TACE group using GS particles plus lipiodol (the GS group, N = 83). Subsequently, we compared the liver function, blood count, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and other parameters of patients in each group before and after interventional embolization. We also calculated the patient's progression-free survival and overall survival in these groups.

Results:

The postoperative liver function indices, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the 8spheres PVA group, were worse than in the GS group. The postoperative median survival time was 19 ± 3.06 months and no significant difference in survival time was observed in GS group (26 ± 3.19 months) (P = 0.509). Multivariate analysis showed that targeted therapy (P = 0.051), maximum tumor diameter <5 cm (P = 0.018), age ≥60 years (P = 0.018), and AFP <120.5 μg/L (P = 0.007) significantly improved the overall survival rate of patients.

Conclusion:

Postoperative liver function indices of patients with HCC treated with GS particles were better than those treated with 8SM; thus, GS particles are more suitable for patients with poor liver function.
Investigating the effect of ARHGEF10L gene on tumor growth in gastric cancer in a nude mouse model using quantitative MRI parameters
Authors: Tang Junyi , Zhang Xuping , Chang Huan , Wang Dawei
Published: January 2023

Background:

The quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters were initially used in the study of central nervous system diseases and has since been widely used in the diagnosis of breast, liver, rectum, and prostate diseases. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of ARHGEF10L gene on tumor growth in gastric cancer in nude mice using quantitative MRI parameters.

Subjects and Methods:

A nude mice model of gastric cancer was established, and the mice were divided into a control group and an shARHGEF10L group (N = 10). T2-fs and intravoxel incoherent motions (IVIM) imaging were performed in the mice coil with a 3.0 T MR system. The differences in quantitative parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], D, D *, f values) were compared between both groups, and the effect of ARHGEF10L expression on tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice was investigated. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 17.0 software package.

Results:

The ADC and D values of tumor imaging in the shARHGEF10L group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the D* or F values between both groups.

Conclusions:

The ADC and D values of the quantitative IVIM imaging parameters can be used to effectively assess the growth of gastric cancer in nude mice, suggesting that ARHGEF10L may promote the growth of tumor cells.
Study on the timing of first dressing change with alginate dressing application in PICC placement among tumor patients
Authors: Zhao Jinyan , Ruan Zhen , Zhao Junyan , Yang Yanwei , Xiao Shuping , Ji Hong
Published: January 2023

Objective:

To explore how the timing of the initial dressing change influences bacterial growth when alginate dressings were used after peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line insertion in tumor patients.

Methods:

In total, 186 tumor patients who had an alginate dressing after PICC insertion were randomly divided into a control group, observation group one (OG1), and observation group two (OG2). The control group had their first dressing change 48 h after PICC insertion, while OG1 was after 72 h and OG2 was after 96 h after. Samples were taken at the dressing change from the insertion site and surrounding skin. The results of the bacterial culture were compared to investigate how the timing of the first dressing change affected catheter infection.

Results:

Of the 186 patients, 29 had a positive bacterial culture. Of these, 10 were in the control group, 9 were in OG1, and 10 were in OG2. IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 was adopted to analyze the correlation between the timing of the first dressing change and insertion site infection. No statistical significance between the timing of the first dressing change and insertion site infections was found (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

The condition of each tumor patient should be comprehensively evaluated after PICC placement to determine when the first dressing change should occur, but it can likely be extended to 96 h after insertion to promote wound healing, reduce clinical workload, and lower patient economic burden.
PRDX3 promotes resistance to cisplatin in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Yan Hao , Cai Xinyu , Fu Shanshan , Zhang Xiubin , Zhang Jianna
Published: January 2023

Objective:

This study aims to investigate peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) expression in gastric cancer tissue and its effects on cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells and its possible mechanism.

Methods:

PRDX3 expression in human gastric cancer tissue microarrays was detected via immunohistochemistry. The PRDX3 small interfering RNA (siPRDX3 group) and the negative control siNC (siNC group) were transfected into AGS and MKN-74 cell lines, respectively, whereas a blank control group was set up. Each group was treated with different cisplatin concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 μg/ml), and the half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of each group of the two cell lines was calculated using the CCK8 assay. The corresponding IC50 concentration of the siPRDX3 group in the two cell lines was used to treat cells of each group. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax in each group.

Results:

PRDX3 was overexpressed in gastric adenocarcinoma tissue compared with adjacent noncancer tissue (P = 0.0053). After cisplatin treatment, the IC50 in the siPRDX3 group of AGS cells (5.91 ± 0.18 μg/ml) and the siPRDX3 group of MKN-74 cells (3.48 ± 0.30 μg/ml) was significantly lower than in the corresponding siNC groups (10.01 ± 0.99 and 6.39 ± 0.70 μg/ml; P = 0.0022 and 0.0027, respectively). AGS cells (38.81% ± 1.69%) and MKN-74 cells (25.03% ± 2.80%) in the siPRDX3 group showed significantly higher apoptosis rates than in the corresponding siNC groups (23.17% ± 1.43% and 16.7% ± 1.39%; P = 0.0003 and 0.0099, respectively). The expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were significantly higher in the siPRDX3 group of both cell lines than in the siNC group (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

PRDX3 increases the gastric cancer cell resistance to cisplatin by reducing apoptosis and thus may serve as a target to overcome cisplatin resistance.
Multiple fractures of foot in landslide and physiotherapy
Authors: Avaghade Rutuja Ravindra , Shinde Sandeep Babasaheb
Published: January 2023

Here is the case report of a multiple foot fractures due to landslides. landslides are the gravitational downward and outward movements of soil. landslides develop in unstratified homogeneous soils or are induces by certain types of stratification. The causes are excessive load pressures at the head of the slope. Landslides are rare to happen. Calcaneal fractures are rare but debilitating injuries. The annual incidence of fracture was 11.5 per 100,000, and occurred 2.4 times more frequently in males than females. Presenting a case of 40-year-old male with left comminuted calcaneal fracture and crushed injury on the right ankle due to landslide. He was conscious when brought to the hospital, where immediate measures were taken. He was operated on for the same and was managed surgically by open reduction internal fixation with plating. He was referred to physiotherapy. He presented with pain and swelling. Further, he was assessed and followed physiotherapy treatment. The results suggested reduction in pain and edema after immediate physiotherapy approach. For the cases of crush injury or calcaneal fracture initial treatment, cryotherapy followed up by weight bearing is found to be effective for the reduction of pain.
Cytomorphological study of lymph node lesions at a tertiary care center
Authors: Ganguli Summi , Kumar Tyagi Mayurika Subodh , Bajpai Malay , Singh Swati , Garg Prem Kumar , Pathre Abhishek
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

Lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical presentations of patients attending the outpatient department. The degree and pattern of morphological changes depend on inciting stimulus and the intensity of the response. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an important procedure in establishing the diagnosis of various lymph node lesions. It is a widely accepted, accurate, sensitive, and specific test used in an outpatient setting.

Methodology:

An observational study was carried out at the department of pathology of a tertiary care hospital in North India from July 2019 to February 2020. A total of 100 lymphadenopathy cases were taken. Smears were stained with Giemsa and categorized according to the cytomorphological pattern. Ziehl - Neelsen (ZN) stain was done in clinically suspicious cases of tuberculosis (TB). Data regarding brief history, site, age, and cytomorphologic features were collected and analyzed.

Results:

Out of 100 cases of lymph node aspirations, 70 cases showed features of tubercular lymphadenitis followed by reactive lymphadenitis, 29 cases while 1 malignancy. TB was prevalent in all age groups.

Conclusion:

Lymph node FNAC is a simple, cost-effective investigation with great importance in view of high prevalence of TB in our country, where an atypical presentation of TB can be screened. Purulent aspirate smears which do not show typical features of TB can be dismissed as acute suppurative lymphadenitis in the absence of ZN staining. Acid-fast bacillus positivity in such cases confirms the diagnosis and helps in better patient management.
To study the effect of yoga asana and pranayama on pulmonary function test in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients
Authors: Prasad Rajkumar , Garg Rinku , Sahay Sanjay
Published: January 2023

Background:

Pranayama is an integral part of yoga training. Pranayama is a regulated breathing practice that improves airway responsiveness. Yoga asana and pranayama have been shown to reduce resting respiratory rate and enhance vital capacity, maximum voluntary ventilation, breath-holding time, maximal inspiratory pressure, and expiratory pressure.

Aim:

This study aims to study the effect of yoga, asana, and pranayama on pulmonary function disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) patients.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective observational study which was conducted in the Department of Physiology in association with the Department of Respiratory Medicine Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, with a sample size of 55 participants on stable patients diagnosed (COPD) with aged between 40 and 65 years of either sex. Written informed consent and approval from the institutional ethics committee were taken before starting the study. The paired t-test was used to compare the mean and standard deviation of the quantitative variables. When the P < 0.05, the results are statistically significant. To conduct statistical analysis, SPSS 20.0 was used.

Results:

We observed a statistically significant increase in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FVC/FEV1 ratio, and peak expiratory flow rate after 8 and 12 weeks of yoga training compared to the first visit (0 week) baseline before yoga training.

Conclusion:

The results of our study showed that the regular practice of yoga, asana, and pranayama for 45 min a day minimum of 3 days a week for 12 weeks showed improvement in pulmonary function tests of COPD patients. It was also concluded that yoga and asana along with pharmacological treatment for COPD patients showed improved breathing patterns and pulmonary function parameters. It was observed that yoga, asana, and pranayama had improved physical condition by reducing weight and body mass index which enhances pulmonary function.
Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending NIMS Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, in Western India
Authors: Khajuria Atul , Imnasenla W. , Sehrawat Raju , Gupta Ashish , Sundar Shyam B , Verma Mahendra Kumar , Patil Surekha
Published: January 2023

Background:

Anemia is the most common hematological disease in pregnancy. Anemia is described as having a hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the peripheral blood of 10 g/dl or less, in accordance to the most current WHO standard. Iron deficiency is the most frequent reason of anemia at some point of pregnancy. Folic acid deficiency is a much less frequent cause. In some communities, up to 80% of pregnant women are anemic. Women from low socioeconomic groups and young adults are the most vulnerable. Anemia is identified using measuring Hb concentrations and examining a peripheral blood smear for red blood cell changes. Iron and folate supplementation is advocated in the course of being pregnant to keep away from complications.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in NIMS Hospital, Jaipur.

Subjects and Methods:

Blood was collected and investigations are done on Elite 580.

Results:

This presence study enlightens the number of pregnant anemic patients according to education level, class, diet, and age. Sociopersonal status of pregnant women, the number of anemic was higher in illiterate than literate and according to the socioeconomic condition of anemic pregnant women, the number is much higher in poverty than in higher classes, whereas the number is much lesser in nonvegetarian than vegetarian and is higher in age between 21 and 30 years of age than below or above it.

Conclusion:

Most of the pregnant women attending NIMS Hospital, Jaipur, were found to be anemic. Therefore, appropriate interventions by the competent authority are recommended to tackle this condition among pregnant women.
Iron deficiency anemia in different trimesters of pregnancy and laboratory diagnosis with hematological parameters and serum ferritin concentration
Authors: Varghese Jinu , Khajuria Atul
Published: January 2023

This article aims to provide an overview of the iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in different trimesters of pregnancy and laboratory diagnosis with hematological parameters and serum ferritin concentration. It is a laboratory leadership and quality management-based time bound prospective study that explains about IDA in different trimesters of pregnancy, causes of IDA, response to treatment, preventing IDA during pregnancy, lab leadership, and quality management.
Biochemical mechanism of ferroptosis-mediated cancer cell death in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Chidamabaram Anitha , Thekkumalai Malarvili , Prabasheela B. , Bhagat Tripta S. , Batra Jyoti , Dhandayuthapani Sivanesan
Published: January 2023

Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death (PCD), distinct from apoptosis, that was identified in 2012. The process is driven by the iron-dependent oxidative degeneration of lipids. Ferroptosis causes cell death through the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid reactive oxygen species. Free radicals cause degradation of lipid molecules by the removal of electrons through oxidation. The process is dependent on intracellular iron as the accumulation of iron acts as a catalyst for converting peroxides into free radicals. The oxidative degradation of lipids occurs when there is depletion of the antioxidant glutathione and a loss of activity of the lipid repair enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4. The lipid peroxidation then leads to cell membrane denaturation. The biochemical mechanism behind the unique iron-dependent programmed cell death with reference to the triple negative breast cancer have been reviewed in this article.
Antioxidants and its role in endocrine disorders
Authors: Midha Urvashi , Aggarwal Juhi , Batra Jyoti , Pasha Eram Hussain , Sinha Luna
Published: January 2023

An excessive synthesis of ROS results in oxidative stress and results in deleterious process that damages cell structures i.e. lipids, proteins, and DNA. Oxidative stress plays a major role in various human disease states, including endocrine dysfunction. A number of diseases connected with free radicals have recently been reported in the medical field. The risk of diseases caused by oxidative stress is exacerbated by an unhealthy lifestyle, chemical exposure, pollution, cigarette smoking, drugs, illness, and stress, among other things. Antioxidants are molecules that can scavenge free radicals and aid in the reduction of oxidative stress-induced damage. Traditional herbal treatments and dietary items were the primary sources of antioxidants for ancient peoples, protecting them from free radical damage. In this article, we present a brief overview of the role of oxidative stress in a variety of common human endocrine disorders, such as diabetes and thyroid disease, as well as a discussion of the therapeutic potential of dietary antioxidant (Vitamin C & Vitamin A) techniques.
Pediatric community-acquired pneumonia in Federal Medical Center, Birnin Kudu, Jigawa State
Authors: Idris Umma Abdullahi
Published: January 2023

Context:

Pediatric pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children in many hospitals in Nigeria. The relative contribution of this disease among children admitted to our facility has not yet been documented.

Aims:

The aim was to determine the prevalence and outcome of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Settings and Design:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Pediatrics of FMCBKD.

Methods:

One hundred and twenty-three children aged 2 months–14 years who were managed for CAP from January 2019 to December 2020 were studied.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 16. Continuous data were represented as mean or median as appropriate, while categorical data were presented as percentages. The Chi-square and Student's t-tests were used to identify the significant differences for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The prevalence of pneumonia was 9.2%. Most of the children were aged 24 months and below with a male preponderance of 1.5:1. Bronchopneumonia was the most common form of clinical presentation, and 67 (71.3%) children presented with severe disease. The case fatality rate was 29.8% (28 deaths), and most of the deaths were among children <24 months of age, females, and those who presented with severe disease.

Conclusions:

CAP is prevalent and causes a significant mortality in children in Jigawa State. Strengthening preventive measures to control pneumonia and increasing public awareness of early presentation to a health facility will reduce mortality.
Cohabitation of tuberculosis and human papillomavirus-positive infections in the development of cervical cancer
Authors: Raj Aayush , Parves Harshath , Kumar Ashish , Prabasheela B. , Dhandayuthapani Sivanesan
Published: January 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of malignancies and may interfere with their diagnosis. TB and cancer frequently coexist and the relative immunosuppression caused by cancer or its treatment may lead to the reactivation of latent TB infections, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes cervical cancer, particularly HPV 16 and 18 strains account for 75% of these cases. Although it is difficult to determine the exact chronology of events using data from reported diagnoses of infections, it is possible to draw preliminary conclusions regarding the relationship between co-infections and HPV infection, HPV persistence, and the development of CIN3+. This review highlights the underappreciated overlap of the cohabitation of TB and HPV + ve infection in the cause of cervical cancer.
Determinants of patients' adherence to glaucoma topical therapy among Nigerian adults
Authors: John-Sam Olamide Yetunde , Ayanniyi Abdulkabir Ayansiji , Muhammad Rilwan Chiroma
Published: January 2023

Context:

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. Among its risk factors only raised intraocular pressure is modifiable with capacity to reduce the progression of glaucoma. Adherence to intraocular pressure lowering medications is a key factor in the medical management of glaucoma.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to determine adherence to glaucoma topical medications and its determinants among patients.

Settings and Design:

This was a comparative longitudinal hospital-based study.

Subjects and Methods:

Ninety-six primary open-angle glaucoma patients were randomly grouped into A and B and surveyed for topical medication adherence and its determinants. All participants were counseled on medication adherence, and given dosing time schedule. Participants in Group B/reliable household members were reminded through phone calls to use their medications. Adherence level, its determinants, effect of adherence on intraocular pressure (IOP), and central visual field defect progression were assessed at baseline, 90 days, and 180 days.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data normality was tested using Shapiro–Wilk test. Results were presented in frequency tables, figures, and charts. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratio were used to evaluate the associations between variables where applicable. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to determine factors predicting adherence. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

At baseline, 35.4% of the participants were adherent to medications, with intervention at 90 days (81.2%, A, and 79.2%, B) and at 180 days (75.0%, A, and 83.3%, B) of the participants who adhered to medications. Predictors of adherence to medications were age below 40 years (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 5.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–21.82; P = 0.029) and the presence of comorbidities (AOR = 5.41; 95% CI, 1.64–17.86; P = 0.009). There was no significant difference in the mean IOP between the two groups at baseline, 90 days, and 180 days.

Conclusions:

There was an improvement in medication adherence following counseling. Younger age and comorbidities were notable adherence determinants.
Changing etiology of sympathetic ophthalmia: A 10-year study from a tertiary referral center in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Shih-Chou , Sheu Shwu-Jiuan , Wu Tsung-Tien
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE:

In this study, we describe our experience of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) at a tertiary referral center in Taiwan.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We retrospectively analyzed records of patients diagnosed with SO from January 2011 to December 2020.

RESULTS:

We collected data of 15 patients diagnosed with SO (eight males, seven females). Six patients developed SO after ocular penetrating trauma, and nine developed SO after ocular surgery, including seven with vitrectomy, one with penetrating keratoplasty, and one with cataract surgery. Penetrating ocular trauma was the primary cause of SO in the first 5 years (four of six cases), but the proportion was much lower in the last 5 years (two of nine cases). The interval between trigger events and SO ranged from 0.2 to 120 months. Nine patients received oral steroids alone, five patients received methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by oral steroids, and immunosuppressants were added in four cases. Visual acuity of sympathetic eyes and exciting eyes improved after treatment. The initial visual acuity of sympathetic eyes in trauma related and ocular surgery related revealed no significant difference, but the final visual acuity of sympathetic eyes was better in ocular surgery-related cases than in the trauma-related cases (mean ± standard deviation, 1.01 ± 1.33 versus 0.49 ± 0.68 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, P = 0.021).

CONCLUSIONS:

With the increased number of eye surgeries performed in recent years, eye surgery has emerged as the dominant etiology of SO in our 10-year study. Early detection and proper treatment help to maintain vision in most of the SO patients.
Deep Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Network Assisted by Intelligent Reflecting Surface
Authors: Ouyang Dahua , Shangguan Pingzhi , Huangfu Xinyong , Linghu Zenggang , Zhuge Haiyang , Situ Haoliang , Sima Shangwu , Shentu Junning , Xiahou Yuanrui , Helan Zhengtao , Dongfang Zhaoyao , Dongfang Kunlun , Wanyan Zhengzhi , Murong Qingrong , Yuchi Hanming , Zhangsun Zhongchun , Helan Bingyun , Xiahou Haida , Shentu Yifan , Sima Weiye , Situ Zhengfeng , Zhuge Fengqi , Linghu Jiayi , Huangpu Zhili , Shangguan Weiyi , Ouyang Shanshan , Ouyang Xiatian , Shangguan Zhimo , Huangpu Dechang , Linghu Bozhong , Zhuge Houjue , Situ Yunfei , Sima Bobo , Shentu Zelong , Xiahou Kunlun , Helan Zhaohui , Wanyan Siyu , Murong Desheng , Yunchi Yingxiong , Zhangsun Baoqiang , Dongfang Jinshang , Lai Xiazhi , Guo Yinghao , Lu Bowen
Published: January 2023

The intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) symbiotic communication technology is expected to enhance the access performance, energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency of the communication network, and is regarded as an important candidate technology to support the evolution of the sixth-generation (6G) towards large-scale, high-capacity and sustainable development. However, the relevant research of this technology is still at the initial stage, and many key challenges have not been fully studied. Therefore, it is urgent to open up relevant research ideas and methods to promote its development and early implementation, so as to make it an effective 6G technology. In view of this, this paper intends to carry out the research on the theory and method of IRS assisted NOMA symbiotic transmission, starting from the analysis of the active and passive symbiotic mechanism of NOMA transmission protocol. Based on this, we further study the efficient symbiotic modulation transmission technology and multi-dimensional resource optimization allocation method. The research content of this paper is to explore the transmission theory and technology of high energy efficiency and high frequency spectrum efficiency for 6G, and break through the bottleneck problem of spectrum and energy consumption encountered by wireless communication, which has important practical significance for the wireless communication.
Refined Kolmogorov inequalities for the binomial distribution
Authors: Giuliano Antonini Rita , Kruglov Victor M. , Volodin Andrei
Published: January 2023

This paper presents refined versions of the well-known Kolmogorov maximal inequality for the binomial distribution.
Los múltiples procesos de la mercadotecnia política: profundizando en su concepto
Authors: Valdez Zepeda Andrés , Huerta Franco Delia Amparo
Published: January 2023

La mercadotecnia se puede definir como una disciplina cuya preocupación central es la búsqueda o conservación del poder político público.1 De esta forma, en su dimensión electoral, la mercadotecnia busca, a través de la persuasión y movilización de los ciudadanos, conformar mayorías electorales estables tratando de ocupar el mayor número de espacios de poder. En su dimensión gubernamental, la mercadotecnia trata de conservar y acrecentar la legitimidad social generada en los procesos electorales a través de los votos, tratando, además, de afianzar la gobernabilidad (Valdez, 2002).

Como campo disciplinar, la mercadotecnia se encarga del estudio de los procesos de intercambio voluntario que se dan entre la clase política2 y los ciudadanos que habitan una determinada circunscripción electoral (municipio, distrito, estado o país) en el marco de una sociedad democrática.