bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat shock protein 90 inhibition abrogates TLR4-mediated NF-κB activity and reduces renal ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: O’Neill Stephen , Humphries Duncan , Tse George , Marson Lorna P. , Dhaliwal Kevin , Hughes Jeremy , Ross James A. , Wigmore Stephen J , Harrison Ewen M.
Published: August 2015

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediates sterile inflammation following renal IRI. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibition is a potential strategy to reduce IRI and AT13387 is a novel Hsp90 inhibitor with low toxicity. This study assessed if pre-treatment with AT13387 could reduce renal IRI and established if the mechanism of protection involved a reduction in inflammatory signalling. Mice were pre-treated with AT13387 prior to renal IRI. 24 h later, renal function was determined by serum creatinine, kidney damage by tubular necrosis score, renal TLR4 expression by PCR and inflammation by cytokine array. In vitro, human embryonic kidney cells were co-transfected to express TLR4 and a secreted alkaline phosphatase NF-κB reporter. Cells were pre-treated with AT13387 and exposed to endotoxin-free hyaluronan to stimulate sterile TLR4-specific NF-κB inflammatory activation. Following renal IRI, AT13387 significantly reduced serum creatinine, tubular necrosis, TLR4 expression and NF-κB-dependent chemokines. In vitro, AT13387-treatment resulted in breakdown of IκB kinase, which abolished TLR4-mediated NF-κB activation by hyaluronan. AT13387 is a new agent with translational potential that reduces renal IRI. The mechanism of protection may involve breakdown of IκB kinase and repression of TLR4-mediated NF-κB inflammatory activity.
Effect of Temperature on the Aging rate of Li Ion Battery Operating above Room Temperature
Authors: Leng Feng , Tan Cher Ming , Pecht Michael
Published: August 2015

Temperature is known to have a significant impact on the performance, safety and cycle lifetime of lithium-ion batteries (LiB). However, the comprehensive effects of temperature on the cyclic aging rate of LiB have yet to be found. We use an electrochemistry-based model (ECBE) here to measure the effects on the aging behavior of cycled LiB operating within the temperature range of 25 °C to 55 °C. The increasing degradation rate of the maximum charge storage of LiB during cycling at elevated temperature is found to relate mainly to the degradations at the electrodes and that the degradation of LCO cathode is larger than graphite anode at elevated temperature. In particular, the formation and modification of the surface films on the electrodes as well as structural/phase changes of the LCO electrode, as reported in the literatures, are found to be the main contributors to the increasing degradation rate of the maximum charge storage of LiB with temperature for the specific operating temperature range. Larger increases in the Warburg elements and cell impedance are also found with cycling at higher temperature, but they do not seriously affect the state of health (SoH) of LiB as shown in this work.
Distinct roles of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in spatial and object recognition memory
Authors: Okada Kana , Nishizawa Kayo , Kobayashi Tomoko , Sakata Shogo , Kobayashi Kazuto
Published: August 2015

Recognition memory requires processing of various types of information such as objects and locations. Impairment in recognition memory is a prominent feature of amnesia and a symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons contain two major groups, one localized in the medial septum (MS)/vertical diagonal band of Broca (vDB) and the other in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM). The roles of these cell groups in recognition memory have been debated and it remains unclear how they contribute to it. We use a genetic cell targeting technique to selectively eliminate cholinergic cell groups and then test spatial and object recognition memory through different behavioural tasks. Eliminating MS/vDB neurons impairs spatial but not object recognition memory in the reference and working memory tasks, whereas NBM elimination undermines only object recognition memory in the working memory task. These impairments are restored by treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, anti-dementia drugs for AD. Our results highlight that MS/vDB and NBM cholinergic neurons are not only implicated in recognition memory but also have essential roles in different types of recognition memory.
A two-phase approach to fourier transform ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Clowers Brian H. , Siems William F. , Yu Zhihao , Davis Austen L.
Published: August 2015

A new two-phased approach to combining raw frequency encoded data enables enhanced levels of signal to noise ratio for ion mobility mass spectrometry experiments.
Reagent-free and portable detection of Bacillus anthracis spores using a microfluidic incubator and smartphone microscope
Authors: Hutchison Janine R. , Erikson Rebecca L. , Sheen Allison M. , Ozanich Richard M. , Kelly Ryan T.
Published: August 2015

Demonstration of low cost, portable microscopy in combination with a microfluidic incubation device for reagent-free detection of Bacillus anthracis.
Detection of glutathione with an “off–on” fluorescent biosensor based on N-acetyl-l-cysteine capped CdTe quantum dots
Authors: Tan Xuanping , Yang Jidong , Li Qin , Yang Qiong
Published: August 2015

This paper reports a quantum dot (QD)-based “off–on” fluorescent biosensor specifically for the determination of glutathione (GSH) with high sensitivity.
A simple and dual functional dynamic light scattering (DLS) probe for rapid detection of mercury ions and biothiols
Authors: Fu Congying , Ma Haixin , Huang Chusen , jia Nengqin
Published: August 2015

A label free technique was developed based on a dynamic light scattering (DLS) probe for the dual detection of Hg2+ and biothiols.
[Co(H2O)6]2+and H3O+encapsulated in a unique 3D anionic Co(ii) framework with hydrophilic hexagonal and circular channels
Authors: Zhao Jun , Liu Bo , Wu Ya-Pan , Bai Liang , Zhang Jian , Li Dong-Sheng
Published: August 2015

An interesting Co-based 3D framework exhibits a rare example where [Co(H2O)6]2+and H3O+ions not only act as counterions to balance the negatively charged structure, but also may serve as templates in the assembly of the anionic framework with open hydrophilic channels.
Controlled synthesis of truncated octahedral bismuth micron particles with giant positive magnetoresistance
Authors: Ma Longlong , Tian Yayang , Yang Chao , Li Yong , Zhou Zhaoxin , Liang Yujun , Tian Xike , Wang Yanxin
Published: August 2015

Micron-sized truncated octahedral bismuth crystals with promising giant magnetoresistance were prepared by a facile solvothermal method in a highly alkaline media system.
Fabrication of functionalized polysulfide reservoirs from large graphene sheets to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Fan Chao-Ying , Li Huan-Huan , Zhang Lin-Lin , Sun Hai-Zhu , Wu Xing-Long , Xie Hai-Ming , Zhang Jing-Ping
Published: August 2015

Large graphene sheets (LTG) serve as better polysulfide reservoirs to acquire better capacity retention compared to smaller graphene sheets (STG).
Six-dimensional quantum dynamics of dissociative chemisorption of H2on Co(0001) on an accurate global potential energy surface
Authors: Jiang Bin , Hu Xixi , Lin Sen , Xie Daiqian , Guo Hua
Published: August 2015

Six-dimensional quantum dynamics of hydrogen dissociative chemisorption on Co(0001) is investigated on a DFT based potential energy surface.
Preparation of size-selective Mn3O4 hexagonal nanoplates with superior electrochemical properties for pseudocapacitors
Authors: Wang Guiling , Ma Zhipeng , Fan Yuqian , Shao Guangjie , Kong Lingxue , Gao Weimin
Published: August 2015

Regular Mn3O4 hexagonal nanoplates are synthesized for a supercapacitor electrode. This electrode exhibits excellent cycling stability with 100% capacity retention after 5000 cycles.
Phase separation and crystallization in sodium lanthanum phosphate glasses induced by electrochemical substitution of sodium ions with protons
Authors: Kawaguchi Keiga , Yamaguchi Takuya , Omata Takahisa , Yamashita Toshiharu , Kawazoe Hiroshi , Nishii Junji
Published: August 2015

Phase separation and crystallization forming H3PO4 occurred in sodium lanthanum phosphate glasses after electrochemical substitution of sodium ions with protons, although the glass exhibited significant proton conductivity.
The nature of photogenerated charge separation among different crystal facets of BiVO4 studied by density functional theory
Authors: Liu Taifeng , Zhou Xin , Dupuis Michel , Li Can
Published: August 2015

Electron and hole transfer paths along the crystal axis [hkl] and the corresponding facet (hkl).
Functionalization of phosphorescent emitters and their host materials by main-group elements for phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Zhou Guijiang , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: August 2015

The crucial roles played by the non-metallic main group elements in tuning the properties of both hosts as well as phosphorescent emitters for high-performance phosphorescent OLEDs are highlighted.
Selective conversion of styrene oxide to 2-phenylethanol in cascade reactions over non-noble metal catalysts
Authors: Sasu Alexandra , Dragoi Brindusa , Ungureanu Adrian , Royer Sébastien , Dumitriu Emil , Hulea Vasile
Published: August 2015

Three cascade reactions using green efficient processes based on heterogeneous catalysts are proposed to selectively obtain 2-phenyl ethanol from styrene.
Simultaneous coking and dealumination of zeolite H-ZSM-5 during the transformation of chloromethane into olefins
Authors: Ibáñez M. , Gamero M. , Ruiz-Martínez J. , Weckhuysen B. M. , Aguayo A. T. , Bilbao J. , Castaño P.
Published: August 2015

Chloromethane conversion into light olefins leads to distinct deactivation pathways in zeolite H-ZSM-5 compounded with bentonite and α-Al2O3 as binder and filler.
CuO–CeO2/TiO2 catalyst for simultaneous NO reduction and Hg0 oxidation at low temperatures
Authors: Li Hailong , Wu Shaokang , Li Liqing , Wang Jun , Ma Weiwu , Shih Kaimin
Published: August 2015

Simultaneously reducing NO and oxidizing Hg0 at low flue gas temperatures over CuCeTi catalyst was demonstrated to be technically feasible.
The role of lattice oxygen in CO oxidation over Ce18O2-based catalysts revealed under operando conditions
Authors: Penkala Bartosz , Aubert Daniel , Kaper Helena , Tardivat Caroline , Conder Kazimierz , Paulus Werner
Published: August 2015

Understanding the role of lattice oxygen in CO oxidation over ceria-based compounds, revealed by the combination of novel isotope-based techniques, ILARS and ILPOR.
Assembly synthesis of Cu2O-on-Cu nanowires with visible-light-enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Chen Hanxing , Tu Teng , Wen Ming , Wu Qingsheng
Published: August 2015

The designed visible-light-driven Cu2O-on-Cu nanowire photocatalysts exhibit high-performance catalytic degradation of dye pollutants, suggesting potential applications in aquatic environments.
A pair of highly biotolerated diamagnetic and paramagnetic iron(ii) complexes displaying electroneutrality
Authors: Wang J. , Gondrand C. , Touti F. , Hasserodt J.
Published: August 2015

A pair of structurally analogous macrocyclic iron(ii) complexes with a magnetic off-on relationship is reported that exhibit electroneutrality at neutral pH and high stability in physiological media.
Water-soluble Ir(iii) complexes of deprotonated N-methylbipyridinium ligands: fluorine-free blue emitters
Authors: Coe Benjamin J. , Helliwell Madeleine , Sánchez Sergio , Peers Martyn K. , Scrutton Nigel S.
Published: August 2015

Using the cation 1-methyl-3-(2′-pyridyl)pyridinium to produce cyclometalating ligands gives novel IrIII complex salts that are water-soluble and emit efficiently blue or blue-green light.
Reactivity of a dihydroboron species: synthesis of a hydroborenium complex and an expedient entry into stable thioxo- and selenoxo-boranes
Authors: Jaiswal Kuldeep , Prashanth Billa , Ravi Satyam , Shamasundar K. R. , Singh Sanjay
Published: August 2015

Oxidative insertion of sulfur or selenium into the B–H bonds, of bis(phosphinimino)amide stabilized dihydroboron species, followed by H2S or H2Se evolution leads to a facile access to stable thioxo- and selenoxo-boranes.
Oxygen profiling of the unsaturated zone using direct push drilling
Authors: Sopilniak A. , Elkayam R. , Lev O. , Elad T.
Published: August 2015

A method based on direct push drilling for oxygen profiling of the unsaturated zone was introduced and demonstrated in the vadose zone of a surface spreading aquifer recharge system.
The structure of wheat bread influences the postprandial metabolic response in healthy men
Authors: Eelderink Coby , Noort Martijn W. J. , Sozer Nesli , Koehorst Martijn , Holst Jens J. , Deacon Carolyn F. , Rehfeld Jens F. , Poutanen Kaisa , Vonk Roel J. , Oudhuis Lizette , Priebe Marion G.
Published: August 2015

Postprandial high glucose and insulin responses after starchy food consumption, associated with an increased risk of developing several metabolic diseases, could possibly be improved by altering food structure.
Design and operation of a pilot-scale catalytic biomass pyrolysis unit
Authors: Dayton David C. , Carpenter John R. , Kataria Atish , Peters Jonathan E. , Barbee David , Mante Ofei D. , Gupta Raghubir
Published: August 2015

Pilot-scale catalytic biomass pyrolysis unit for producing low oxygen content, thermally stable bio-crude for upgrading into advanced biofuels.
N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylenediamine dioxide (TMEDAO2) facilitates atom economical/open atmosphere Ley–Griffith (TPAP) tandem oxidation-Wittig reactions
Authors: Read Christopher D. G. , Moore Peter W. , Williams Craig M.
Published: August 2015

N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylenediamine dioxide (TMEDAO2) was explored as a more atom economical co-oxidant for the Ley–Griffith oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes.
Extracting physical chemistry from mechanics: a new approach to investigate DNA interactions with drugs and proteins in single molecule experiments
Authors: Rocha M. S.
Published: August 2015

In this review we focus on the idea of establishing connections between the mechanical properties of DNA–ligand complexes and the physical chemistry of DNA–ligand interactions.
Entrepreneurship
Authors: Yetisen Ali K. , Volpatti Lisa R. , Coskun Ahmet F. , Cho Sangyeon , Kamrani Ehsan , Butt Haider , Khademhosseini Ali , Yun Seok Hyun
Published: August 2015

This article describes entrepreneurship from concept to product, and discusses commercialization strategies, financing, marketing, and exit plans supplemented by case studies.
Over-expression of EPS15 is a favorable prognostic factor in breast cancer
Authors: Dai Xiaofeng , Liu Zhaoqi , Zhang Shihua
Published: August 2015

As a crucial player in terminating growth factor signaling,EPS15plays important roles in many malignancies including breast cancer.
Synthesis of carboxyimidamide-substituted benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazoles and their analogs, and evaluation of biological activity against Leishmania donovani
Authors: Keurulainen Leena , Heiskari Mikko , Nenonen Satu , Nasereddin Abedelmajeed , Kopelyanskiy Dmitry , Leino Teppo O. , Yli-Kauhaluoma Jari , Jaffe Charles L. , Kiuru Paula
Published: August 2015

Antileishmanial evaluation of 25 derivatives revealed promising inhibition activity.
Multivalent DNA recognition by self-assembled clusters: deciphering structural effects by fragments screening and evaluation as siRNA vectors
Authors: Bartolami Eline , Bessin Yannick , Bettache Nadir , Gary-Bobo Magali , Garcia Marcel , Dumy Pascal , Ulrich Sébastien
Published: August 2015

Fragment self-assembly was used for producing clusters with a variety of scaffolds and ligands, and an effective siRNA vector was identified.
Enantioselective synthesis of monofluorinated allylic compounds: Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylations of dimethyl 2-fluoromalonate using new N-sulfinyl-based ligands
Authors: Gao Ning , Zhao Xiao-Ming , Cai Cheng-Si , Cai Jue-Wang
Published: August 2015

Using both new chiralS,N-ligand and dimethyl 2-fluoromalonate, Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitutions of allylic acetates with dimethyl 2-fluoromalonate were accomplished. This method produced monofluorinated allylation products in up to high yield with excellent enantioselectivity.
Direct arylation polycondensation for efficient synthesis of narrow-bandgap alternating D–A copolymers consisting of naphthalene diimide as an acceptor
Authors: Shao Jinjun , Wang Guojie , Wang Kai , Yang Cangjie , Wang Mingfeng
Published: August 2015

Direct arylation polycondensation enables efficient synthesis of narrow-bandgap, well-defined alternating D–A copolymers consisting of naphthalene diimide as the acceptor unit.
A biodegradable and fluorescent nanovehicle with enhanced selective uptake by tumor cells
Authors: An Jinxia , Dai Xiaomei , Zhao Yu , Guo Qianqian , Wu Zhongming , Zhang Xinge , Li Chaoxing
Published: August 2015

The tumor-targeted drug delivery system, DOX@LA-pDAGEA/pPEGA-b-p(DMDEA-co-BADS), with reduction- and pH-dependent degradation and fluorescence imaging function displayed an enhanced anticancer effect.
Metal-free direct difunctionalization of alkenes with I2O5 and P(O)–H compounds leading to β-iodophosphates
Authors: Liu Chunli , Zhu Minghui , Wei Wei , Yang Daoshan , Cui Hong , Liu Xiaoxia , Wang Hua
Published: August 2015

A novel and efficient procedure for direct difunctionalization of alkenes with I2O5 and P(O)–H compounds has been developed under metal-free conditions.
A review of upgrading heavy oils with supercritical fluids
Authors: Yan Ting , Xu Jie , Wang Litao , Liu Yindong , Yang Chun , Fang Tao
Published: August 2015

Due to the decrease in light crude oil and the ever-increasing demand for the upgrading of heavy oils, the development of new heavy oil processing technology has been attracting wide attention.
Covalent organic polymer framework with C–C bonds as a fluorescent probe for selective iron detection
Authors: Özdemir E. , Thirion D. , Yavuz C. T.
Published: August 2015

Iron detection has just gone heterogeneous, thanks to the selective quenching of fluorescence by the nanoporous polymers that are tuned for optimal processability.
Lithium doped polyaniline and its composites with LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4-prospective cathode active materials for environment friendly and flexible Li-ion battery applications
Authors: Puthirath Anand B. , John Bibin , Gouri C. , Jayalekshmi S.
Published: August 2015

The present work is an attempt to realize Li-ion cells using Li-substituted polyaniline (PANI) and its composites with LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4 as cathodes, with flexibility in the cell design and the retention of capacity over long cycles.
Recent progress in chemical modification of starch and its applications
Authors: Chen Qing , Yu Haojie , Wang Li , ul Abdin Zain , Chen Yongsheng , Wang Junhua , Zhou Weidong , Yang Xianpeng , Khan Rizwan Ullah , Zhang Hongtao , Chen Xiao
Published: August 2015

Starch has received much attention as a promising natural material both in biomedical fields and waste water treatment due to its unique biological and adsorptive properties.
In vitro toxicity evaluation of ultra-small MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Mn, Co) nanoparticles using A549 cells
Authors: Zhao Hongli , Chen Zongyan , Tao Liang , Zhu Xiang , Lan Minbo , Li Zhen
Published: August 2015

As ferrite nanoparticles (MFe2O4) have been widely used in biomedical field, their safety evaluation has been paid great attention both in vitro and in vivo.
Glutaraldehyde sandwiched amino functionalized polymer based aptasensor for the determination and quantification of chloramphenicol
Authors: Rosy Rosy , Goyal Rajendra N. , Shim Yoon-Bo
Published: August 2015

Highly sensitive determination of chloramphenicol has been carried out using glutaraldehyde sandwiched polymer based aptasensor.
Monitoring and engineering reactor microbiomes of denitrifying bioelectrochemical systems
Authors: Pous N. , Koch C. , Vilà-Rovira A. , Balaguer M. D. , Colprim J. , Mühlenberg J. , Müller S. , Harnisch F. , Puig S.
Published: August 2015

Elucidating the structure–function relationship of a denitrifying biocathodes.
RuO2/MWCNT/ stainless steel mesh as a novel positive electrode in vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Gobal Fereydoon , Faraji Masoud
Published: August 2015

The present work describes the preparation and electrochemical characterization of RuO2/MWCNT/Stainless Steel Mesh (SSM) electrode as compared with a MWCNT/SSM electrode in the positive half-cell of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB).
Benzothiazepines: chemistry of a privileged scaffold
Authors: Saha Debasmita , Jain Garima , Sharma Anuj
Published: August 2015

Benzothiazepines being an integral part of the major cardiovascular drugs in market ascertain their biological importance. This review presents a comprehensive vision of the various synthetic tactics adopted till now to afford these frameworks.
Nonpeptide small molecules from the insect Aspongopus chinensis and their neural stem cell proliferation stimulating properties
Authors: Di Lei , Shi Yan-Ni , Yan Yong-Ming , Jiang Li-Ping , Hou Bo , Wang Xin-Long , Zuo Zhi-Li , Chen Yong-Bin , Yang Cui-Ping , Cheng Yong-Xian
Published: August 2015

Nonpeptide small molecules from the insect Aspongopus chinensis could stimulate neural stem cell proliferation.
Enhanced thermoelectric properties in Pb-doped BiCuSeO oxyselenides prepared by ultrafast synthesis
Authors: Ren Guang-Kun , Lan Jin-le , Butt Sajid , Ventura Kyle J. , Lin Yuan-Hua , Nan Ce-Wen
Published: August 2015

SHS process reduces period from over 10 h to less than 1 min, and thermal analysis indicates the ignition temperature of BiCuSeO approaches the second lower melting point of the compound. ZT = 0.91 at 873 K for Bi0.96Pb0.04CuSeO was achieved.
Synthesis of benzoyl cyanide through aerobic photooxidation of benzyl cyanide using carbon tetrabromide as a catalyst
Authors: Sugiura Y. , Tachikawa Y. , Nagasawa Y. , Tada N. , Itoh A.
Published: August 2015

We developed a synthetic method toward benzoyl cyanide through aerobic photooxidation of benzyl cyanide in the presence of carbon tetrabromide under visible light irradiation with fluorescent lamps.
Hydrogenation of allyl alcohols catalyzed by aqueous palladium and platinum nanoparticles
Authors: Di Pietrantonio Krystel , Coccia Francesca , Tonucci Lucia , d'Alessandro Nicola , Bressan Mario
Published: August 2015

Hydrogenations of allyl alcohols in aqueous media, at room temperature and pressure, were performed in presence of Pd or Pt lignin nanoparticles as catalysts to obtain saturated alcohols.
Selective oxidative cleavage of terminal olefins into aldehydes catalyzed by copper(ii) complex
Authors: Mi Chun , Meng Xiang-Guang , Liao Xiao-Hong , Peng Xiao
Published: August 2015

A method for oxidative CC bond cleavage of terminal olefins to aldehydes with H2O2 catalyzed by copper complex LCu consisted of copper(ii) and ligand 5,7,12,14-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,7,11,14-tetraene (L) was described.
Influence of the double bond on the hydrogen abstraction reactions of methyl esters with hydrogen radical: an ab initio and chemical kinetic study
Authors: Wang Quan-De , Zhang Weidong
Published: August 2015

This work reports a systematic ab initio and chemical kinetic study of the rate constants for hydrogen atom abstraction reactions by hydrogen radical on the isomers of unsaturated C6 methyl esters.
Self-assembly of Janus ellipsoids: a Brownian dynamics simulation with a quantitative nonspherical-particle model
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Yali , He Xuehao
Published: August 2015

Three-dimensional isosurface plots of potential energy and energy curves along the minimum energy paths between saddle points of oblate Janus ellipsoids.
Synthesis of ternary PtPdCu spheres with three-dimensional nanoporous architectures toward superior electrocatalysts
Authors: Jiang Bo , Li Cuiling , Malgras Victor , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: August 2015

We report a simple method for the preparation of ternary PtPdCu spheres with a three-dimensional (3D) nanoporous structure in the solution phase.
A graphene oxide/oxygen deficient molybdenum oxide nanosheet bilayer as a hole transport layer for efficient polymer solar cells
Authors: Chen Shan , Yu Xiaowen , Zhang Miao , Cao Jiamin , Li Yingru , Ding Liming , Shi Gaoquan
Published: August 2015

An annealing-free hole transport layer based on a graphene oxide/MoO3−xbilayer was developed for efficient and stable polymer solar cells.
Radioactive lutetium metallofullerene 177LuxLu(3−x)N@C80–PCBPEG derivative: a potential tumor-targeted theranostic agent
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Sun Zhizhong , Song Hongtao , Zhen Mingming , Guan Mirong , Chu Taiwei , Luo Shunzhong , Wang Chunru , Shu Chunying
Published: August 2015

A radioactive metallofullerene 177LuxLu(3−x)N@C80 was firstly synthesized by means of neutron irradiation on Lu3N@C80.
A series of Zn(ii) terpyridine complexes with enhanced two-photon-excited fluorescence for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Tian Xiaohe , Hu Zhangjun , Brommesson Caroline , Wu Jieying , Zhou Hongping , Li Shengli , Yang Jiaxiang , Sun Zhaoqi , Tian Yupeng , Uvdal Kajsa
Published: August 2015

TPA cross sections are enhanced for the complexes containing D–A type ligandL1.1exhibits specificity in two-photon fluorescence imaging.
Large range electrically-induced reflection notch tuning in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals
Authors: Lee Kyung Min , Tondiglia Vincent P. , Lee Taewoo , Smalyukh Ivan I. , White Timothy J.
Published: August 2015

This communication reports large magnitude (exceeding 1500 nm) and reversible reflection notch tuning in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs) formulated with negative dielectric anisotropy (−Δε) hosts upon application of a direct current (DC) field.
Auxiliary donor for tetrahydroquinoline-containing nonlinear optical chromophores: enhanced electro-optical activity and thermal stability
Authors: Liu Fenggang , Zhang Maolin , Xiao Hongyan , Yang Yuhui , Wang Haoran , Liu Jialei , Bo Shuhui , Zhen Zhen , Liu Xinhou , Qiu Ling
Published: August 2015

New chromophores L1 and L2 containing a novel tetrahydroquinoline-based donor were synthesized, resulting in enhanced electro-optic activity.
Interfacial reactions between PbTe-based thermoelectric materials and Cu and Ag bonding materials
Authors: Li C. C. , Drymiotis F. , Liao L. L. , Hung H. T. , Ke J. H. , Liu C. K. , Kao C. R. , Snyder G. J.
Published: August 2015

The development of reliable bonding materials for PbTe-based thermoelectric modules that can undergo long-term operations at high temperature is carried out.
The development of a highly conductive PEDOT system by doping with partially crystalline sulfated cellulose and its electric conductivity
Authors: Horikawa Maki , Fujiki Takanori , Shirosaki Tomohiro , Ryu Naoya , Sakurai Hideo , Nagaoka Shoji , Ihara Hirotaka
Published: August 2015

To increase the electrical conductivity of organic transparent electrodes, sulfated cellulose (CS) with a β(1 → 4)-linked glucopyranose chain was used as a dopant for the PEDOT system.
Effect of single atom substitution in benzochalcogendiazole acceptors on the performance of ternary memory devices
Authors: Liu Zhaojun , He Jinghui , Zhuang Hao , Li Hua , Li Najun , Chen Dongyun , Xu Qingfeng , Lu Jianmei , Zhang Keqin , Wang Lihua
Published: August 2015

Ternary memory storage performances of three benzochalcogendiazole derivative based devices clearly demonstrate the effect of single atom substitution on the molecular planarity, film morphologies and device threshold voltages.
Role of plasma-membrane-bound sialidase NEU3 in clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Rodriguez-Walker Macarena , Vilcaes Aldo A. , Garbarino-Pico Eduardo , Daniotti José L.
Published: August 2015

Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids mainly expressed at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Sialidase NEU3 is a key enzyme in the catabolism of gangliosides with its up-regulation having been observed in human cancer cells. In the case of CME (clathrin-mediated endocytosis), although this has been widely studied, the role of NEU3 and gangliosides in this cellular process has not yet been established. In the present study, we found an increased internalization of Tf (transferrin), the archetypical cargo for CME, in cells expressing complex gangliosides with high levels of sialylation. The ectopic expression of NEU3 led to a drastic decrease in Tf endocytosis, suggesting the participation of gangliosides in this process. However, the reduction in Tf endocytosis caused by NEU3 was still observed in glycosphingolipid-depleted cells, indicating that NEU3 could operate in a way that is independent of its action on gangliosides. Additionally, internalization of α2-macroglobulin and low-density lipoprotein, other typical ligands in CME, was also decreased in NEU3-expressing cells. In contrast, internalization of cholera toxin β-subunit, which is endocytosed by both clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms, remained unaltered. Kinetic assays revealed that NEU3 caused a reduction in the sorting of endocytosed Tf to early and recycling endosomes, with the Tf binding at the cell surface being also reduced. NEU3-expressing cells showed an altered subcellular distribution of clathrin adaptor AP-2 (adaptor protein 2), but did not reveal any changes in the membrane distribution of clathrin, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or caveolin-1. Overall, these results suggest a specific and novel role of NEU3 in CME.
Mapping the heparin-binding site of the BMP antagonist gremlin by site-directed mutagenesis based on predictive modelling
Authors: Tatsinkam Arnold Junior , Mulloy Barbara , Rider Christopher C.
Published: August 2015

Gremlin is a member of the CAN (cerberus and DAN) family of secreted BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) antagonists and also an agonist of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) receptor-2. It is critical in limb skeleton and kidney development and is re-expressed during tissue fibrosis. Gremlin binds strongly to heparin and heparan sulfate and, in the present study, we sought to investigate its heparin-binding site. In order to explore a putative non-contiguous binding site predicted by computational molecular modelling, we substituted a total of 11 key arginines and lysines located in three basic residue sequence clusters with homologous sequences from cerberus and DAN (differential screening selected gene abberative in neuroblastoma), CAN proteins which lack basic residues in these positions. A panel of six Myc-tagged gremlin mutants, MGR-1–MGR-6 (MGR, mutant gremlin), each containing different combinations of targeted substitutions, all showed markedly reduced affinity for heparin as demonstrated by their NaCl elution on heparin affinity chromatography, thus verifying our predictions. Both MGR-5 and MGR-6 retained BMP-4-binding activity comparable to that of wild-type gremlin. Low-molecular-mass heparin neither promoted nor inhibited BMP-4 binding. Finally, glutaraldehyde cross-linking demonstrated that gremlin forms non-covalent dimers, similar behaviour to that of DAN and also PRDC (protein related to cerberus and DAN), another CAN protein. The resulting dimer would possess two heparin-binding sites, each running along an exposed surface on the second β-strand finger loop of one of the monomers.
Iron Metabolism in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Boddy K. , Lawson D. H. , Linton A. L. , Will G.
Published: August 2015

1. Iron metabolism has been investigated in patients suffering from chronic renal failure, using a whole body monitoring technique.

2. Absorption of labelled inorganic iron was decreased.

3. Radio-iron was lost from the body at a rate comparable to that found in normal subjects.

4. The red cell incorporation of radioactive iron was diminished.

5. The results suggest that anaemia in these patients was due to decreased erythropoiesis and not due to iron deficiency despite the evidence of markedly abnormal iron handling presented.
Protein Synthesis in the Myocardiopathy and Muscular Dystrophy of the Syrian Hamster
Authors: Lochner Amanda , Brink Anke , Brink A. J.
Published: August 2015

1. Incorporation in vitro of l-[4,5-3H]leucine and l-[U-14C]lysine into a soluble protein fraction and into actomyosin of hearts, diaphragms and biceps femoris of an inbred strain of Syrian hamsters suffering from a hereditary myocardiopathy and muscular dystrophy was studied.

2. Incorporation of both amino acids was normal in myopathic hearts from hamsters aged 60–90 days but significantly elevated at 180–240 days of age. Their incorporation was higher in the myopathic diaphragm and biceps femoris of both age groups.
The Gastrointestinal Absorption of Atropine in Man
Authors: Beermann B. , Hellström K. , Rosén A.
Published: August 2015

1. An aqueous solution of [3H]atropine (2 mg, 50 μCi) and polyethylene glycol (PEG, unabsorbable marker), was administered orally orby intrajejunal infusion (100 cm from the nose) to healthy subjects.

2. The ratio between the amount of radioactivity per mg PEG of intestinal aspirates and that of the test solution demonstrated that 90% of the given label is absorbed in theproximal part of the small intestine.

3. The maximum amount of label recovered in 3000 ml plasma corresponded to 3% of the given dose.

4. The cumulative excretion of label in urine and faeces during 6 days amounted to 65% and 5%, respectively.

5. A 50% yield of radioactivity in urine after an instillation of [3H]atropine into the jejunum 200 cm from the nose indicated that a substantial absorption occurs distal to this level.

6. The cumulative excretion of radioactivity in urine and faeces during 6 days after an intravenous injection of 1 mg [3H]atropine to one subject amounted to 66% and 1·5%, respectively.

7. Electrophoretic and chromatographic analyses of small intestinal aspirates showed no consistent evidence of a metabolic change of the drug.
Cardio-Respiratory Response to Treadmill Exercise in Normal Children
Authors: Anderson Sandra D. , Godfrey S.
Published: August 2015

1. Studies have been made of the response to running on a treadmill in forty boys and girls aged 5–15 years.

2. Each child was studied at two consecutive levels of steady-state work representing about 50% and 80% of his physical working capacity. Cardiac output was measured by the Indirect (CO2) Fick method.

3. The cardiac and ventilatory responses to exercise were similar to those seen during cycling on an ergometer except that the heart rate and the respiratory exchange ratio were a little lower. Stroke volume was the same.

4. The responses of children to running and cycling are discussed and the similarity to the responses of adults is noted.
Influence of Extracellular Volume Expansion on the Composition of Proximal Tubular Fluid in Man
Authors: Fillastre J. P. , Ardaillou R. , Isaac R.
Published: August 2015

1. Distal blockade by simultaneous administration of ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide was performed in healthy subjects whose extracellular fluid was expanded by iso-osmotic sodium chloride or bicarbonate. The results obtained were compared with those from non-expanded subjects (Ardaillou & Fillastre, 1969).

2. By this technique urine approximates in composition to proximal tubular fluid and may be used to provide information on its composition. As in other mammals, UNa/PNa and Uosm/Posm were close to 1, whatever the experimental conditions. UCl/PCl was always higher and UHCO3/PHCO3 always less than 1.

3. Extracellular fluid expansion with sodium chloride depresses water and sodium reabsorption as shown by the increase of tubular fluid and the diminution of UInul/PInul and TNa/GFR × PNa where TNa and GFR × PNa are respectively the amounts of sodium reabsorbed and filtered per min. It also decreases bicarbonate proximal Tm. The influence on bicarbonate reabsorption is more marked in alkali-loaded than in acid-loaded subjects.

4. Extracellular fluid expansion with iso-osmotic sodium bicarbonate also depresses water, sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption. These results suggest that chloride administration is not necessary to diminish bicarbonate reabsorption and that tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate depends in part on the state of effective extracellular volume.
Respiratory and Haemodynamic Response to Carbon Dioxide Breathing in Patients with and without Bronchial Obstruction
Authors: Ježek V. , Boudík F.
Published: August 2015

1. The effect of breathing a mixture of 5–6% carbon dioxide in air was examined in seven patients with obstructive bronchitis and in eight patients with lung disease but without bronchial obstruction.

2. Hyperventilation during CO2 breathing was less marked in patients with bronchial obstruction than in the others. Cardiac output did not change in patients with airways obstruction but rose in the control group. The increase of arterial carbon dioxide tension, hydrogen ion concentration, pulmonary arterial and pulmonary wedge pressures (P̄pa and P̄paw was comparable in both groups. The increase of P̄pa and P̄paw was proportional to the Pa,co2 but the change of cardiac output was not. The ventilatory response to CO2 breathing was correlated with the spirometric measurements, but the haemodynamic changes were not.

3. No significant changes of pulmonary vascular resistance or of the P̄pa–P̄paw pressure gradient were observed. The increase of pulmonary arterial pressure during CO2 breathing appears to be due to increased pulmonary wedge pressure.

4. The contribution of depressed myocardial function during CO2 breathing to the response of cardiac output is discussed on the basis of a negative correlation between Pa,co2 and stroke volume during CO2 breathing.
The Renal Clearance of Oxalate in Normal Subjects and Patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria
Authors: Williams H. E. , Johnson Gloria A. , Smith L. H.
Published: August 2015

1. The renal clearance of oxalate was studied in six normal subjects and in two patients with primary hyperoxaluria utilizing a constant infusion of [14C]oxalic acid.

2. The [14C]oxalate clearance in normal subjects was between 101 and 217 ml/min with a range in the ratio of [14C]oxalate clearance to creatinine clearance of 1.33–2.09.

3. The oxalate clearance in two patients with primary hyperoxaluria was within the range found in the normal subjects.

4. This study does not confirm the previous report of a low oxalate/creatinine clearance ratio in man nor the finding of an elevated oxalate clearance in patients with primary hyperoxaluria.

5. Estimates of serum oxalate concentration based on these clearance values suggest that the serum oxalate concentration in normal subjects is less than 100 μg/100 ml.
Plasma Renin in Idiopathic Orthostatic Hypotension: Differential Response in Subjects with Probable Afferent and Efferent Autonomic Failure
Authors: Love D. R. , Brown J. J. , Chinn R. H. , Johnson R. H. , Lever A. F. , Park D. M. , Robertson J. I. S.
Published: August 2015

1. The changes of peripheral venous plasma renin concentration (PRC) induced by head-up tilting were studied in four patients with orthostatic hypotension.

2. Two of the patients had the Holmes—Adie syndrome and tests of autonomic function suggested that they had an afferent block from baroreceptors with intact efferent pathways; the others had no evidence of the Holmes—Adie syndrome and investigations suggested that they had interruption of efferent sympathetic pathways.

3. In the two patients in whom lesions of the afferent side of baroreceptor reflexes were suspected, a marked increase in PRC occurred with upright tilting, whereas no change in PRC occurred in the two patients thought to have an efferent sympathetic block.

4. During repeated tilting, supine blood pressure and PRC increased progressively in the two patients with suspected afferent block, but not in the two patients with suspected efferent block.

5. It is suggested that an increase in plasma renin may contribute to the supine hypertension sometimes observed in patients with orthostatic hypotension.

6. It is also suggested that renin release does not require intact autonomic reflexes although certain components of efferent sympathetic pathways, not dependent on baroreceptor reflexes, may be important.
Diagnostic Value of Quantitative Scintiscanning of the Salivary Glands in Sjögren's Syndrome and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Stephen K. W. , Chisholm D. M. , Harden R. McG. , Robertson J. W. K. , Whaley K. , Stuart Agnes
Published: August 2015

1. The submandibular and parotid salivary gland uptake of [99mTc]pertechnetate has been measured at 3 min, 8 min and 13 min after administration in twenty-five normal subjects, seventeen patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) alone, seven patients with RA and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and twenty-four patients with Sjögren's syndrome and salivary gland involvement.

2. Normal ranges for salivary gland 99mTc uptake have been established.

3. At 8 min fifteen patients with Sjögren's syndrome had a low uptake value (parotid <0.16% dose, submandibular <0.07% dose).

4. A correlation was found between values for parotid and submandibular 99mTc uptake but parotid gland involvement was more marked than submandibular. Involvement was usually bilateral.

5. In the patients with RA alone and RA and KCS a small number of patients had low uptake values.
The Influence of Numerous Pregnancies and Lactations on Bone Dimensions in South African Bantu and Caucasian Mothers
Authors: Walker A. R. P. , Richardson Barbara , Walker Faith
Published: August 2015

1. In groups of South African Bantu and Caucasian women aged 30–44 years, sub-divided into those having had (i) none to two or (ii) seven or more children, measurements of radiographs of the second metacarpal and of the humerus were made in respect of length, cortical thickness, cortical index, cortical area/total area, cross-sectional area index and cortical/surface area ratio.

2. In Bantu mothers of large compared with small families, there were no significant differences in the means of corresponding variables. This was also the case with the Caucasian mothers. Bantu mothers of large and small families had significantly lower mean values for most variables compared with those of Caucasian mothers of large and small families. In all four groups, ranges of measurements and indices were very wide.

3. It is questioned whether Bantu mothers accustomed to a low calcium intake and to numerous pregnancies and long lactations, suffer from calcium deficiency. The problem of whether the high recommended allowances of calcium during these periods confer a clinically detectable benefit requires re-examination.
Respiratory Function Tests in Older People
Authors: Milne J. S. , Williamson J.
Published: August 2015

1. Forced expiratory volume in ml (FEV1·0) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured in a random sample of older people (215 men, 272 women) aged 62 years and upwards.

2. Multiple regression equations were calculated to predict these variables by using age and height. In contrast with younger groups most of the variance was not explained by these equations.

3. The equations developed predict lower values for FEV1·0 and FVC than other published series most of which contain relatively few older people.
Studies on the Mechanism of Sodium Excretion in Uraemia
Authors: Wilkinson R. , Luetscher J. A. , Dowdy A. J. , Gonzales C. , Nokes G. W.
Published: August 2015

1. A group of eight patients with advanced renal failure, and a creatinine clearance of 3·8–24 ml/min, were subjected to sodium loading and sodium depletion.

2. With sodium loading there was a consistent increase in blood pressure (0·01 < P <0·02), an increase in creatinine clearance that was significantly related to changes in mean arterial pressure (r = +0·3, 001 < P < 0·02); an increase in urinary sodium excretion that was closely correlated with changes in creatinine clearance (r = +0·82, P < 0·001); a decrease in fractional reabsorption of filtered sodium that was inversely proportional to creatinine clearance (r = −0·63, 0·05< P < 0·1).

3. Fractional reabsorption of filtered sodium was proportional to creatinine clearance both in the sodium-loaded (r = +0·86, 0·001 < P < 0·01) and sodium-depleted states (r = +0·92, 0·001 < P < 0·01).

4. Urinary aldosterone excretion and plasma renin activity consistently increased with sodium depletion, the percentage increases of the two being significantly related (r = +0·95, P < 0·001).

5. The results suggest that excretion of a sodium load in uraemia may be effected in part as the result of a raised blood pressure that elevates the glomerular filtration rate; by increasing the peritubular capillary pressure this may be responsible for the observed decrease in reabsorption of filtered sodium. The responsiveness of glomerular filtration rate to blood pressure changes suggests a decrease in afferent arteriolar tone that may account for the increased sodium excretion per nephron which occurs even in uraemic patients without hypertension.

6. It is suggested that aldosterone may continue to play an important regulatory role in sodium homeostasis in uraemia and that renin concentrations are the major determinants of aldosterone production in uraemia.
Increased Adenosine Triphosphate Concentration in Erythrocytes in Neurofibromatosis
Authors: Kullmann L. , Staal G. E. J. , Wouters H. W.
Published: August 2015

1. The ATP concentration in erythrocytes was elevated in six of seven patients with neurofibromatosis.
An Antibactericidal Factor in the Serum of Two Patients with Infections of the Upper Urinary Tract
Authors: Taylor P. W.
Published: August 2015

1. The serum of two patients with infections of the upper urinary tract contained a specific factor which inhibited its bactericidal action against the Gram-negative organism causing the infection.

2. The serum of the patients was fractionated by gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography and pooled fractions were examined for antibactericidal activity.

3. Fractions showing antibactericidal activity appeared to contain only immunoglobulin G and it is suggested that bacterium-specific antibactericidal immunoglobulin G competes with immunoglobulin M, the major bactericidal antibody, for sites on the bacterial surface.
The 24-Hour Plasma Thyrotrophin Profile
Authors: Patel Y. C. , Alford F. P. , Burger H. G.
Published: August 2015

1. Daily fluctuations in the plasma concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) have been studied in six normal males by using a 24 h continuous blood-sampling technique and a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for TSH.

2. In all subjects the plasma concentrations of the two hormones were increased at night. The TSH concentrations rose approx. 2 h before the onset of sleep but the peak concentration coincided with the GH peak 2 h after the commencement of sleep. In three subjects who slept in the afternoon, additional peaks of GH activity were found and in two cases peaks of TSH activity also occurred.

3. The mean data from all subjects showed a significant circadian variation of TSH secretion with a maximum between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. and a minimum between 6 p.m. and 8 p.m.