bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pasting and Functional Properties of Monodora Myristica (Gaertn.) Seed Flour as Affected by Thermal Processing
Authors: Agiriga Anna Ngozi , Iwe Maduebibisi Ofo , Olaoye Olusegun A.
Published: July 2022

Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal is a valuable but underused tropical tree of the Annonaceae or custard apple family. Monodora myristica seeds were dehulled, thermally processed by roasting (10, 20, 30min) and boiling (10, 20, 30min), milled into flour and defatted. Raw (control) Monodora myristica seeds were dehulled, milled into flour, and defatted without any thermal processing. The effects of thermal processing on the functional and pasting properties of flour samples were investigated. Thermal processing had no significant (P ≥ 0.05) effect on the water absorption capacity and swelling power of flour samples. Processing had no significant (P ≥ 0.05) effect on the bulk density of Monodora myristica seed flour samples. Flours processed by boiling exhibited significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) oil absorption capacity and solubility than the roasted samples. Processing (roasting) did not significantly (P ≥ 0.05) affect the emulsion capacity of flour samples. The roasted flour sample (RO30) had significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) peak, trough, setback, and final viscosity value among processed flours. Roasted samples had a significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher breakdown viscosity value than the boiled samples. Thermal processing had no significant (P ≥ 0.05) influence on the peak time of Monodora myristica seed flour. Flour samples from boiled seeds would withstand heating and shear stress compared to other processed samples because of their low breakdown viscosity value. On the other hand, flour from roasted seeds had the highest setback viscosity and would withstand breakdown better than others. Boiled and roasted seed flours of Monodora myristica would be useful in the pasta, noodle, and bakery industries.
Characteristics and Distribution of Some Radiation Parameters over Nigeria
Authors: Julius Kehinde A. , Balogun Richard A.
Published: July 2022

This study examined the distribution and characteristics of Surface Solar Radiation Downward (SSRD), sunshine duration, cloudiness index, relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed from the archive of the NASA Power project between the years 2010 and 2020 over Nigeria using 37 stations. The datasets were subjected to monthly and seasonal analysis over three climatic zones in Nigeria. The results show that the SSRD of the Sahel is generally higher than that of the Savannah and Guinea Coast. Sunshine duration was found to increase seasonally and from south to north. From the extreme edge of the coastal region in the southern part of Nigeria to its far northern region, the mean sunshine duration hour increases northward from about 2075 hours over the coastal region of the south to about 3525 hours in the north. Relative humidity fluctuates between 70-90%, which peaks in August and declined back to its minimum (70%) in December. Observed over all seasons, relative humidity decreases northward from the far south near the Atlantic Ocean to the far north of Nigeria. This is in opposition to the pattern of 2m temperature observed, that is, the 2 m temperature spatial pattern increases from the south to the north. In terms of sky conditions classification, over Nigeria, the cloudiness index is generally less than 0.45. Over the Guinea Coast cloudiness index is observed to be higher than in Savannah and the Sahel zones in all the months with the lowest index of 0.42 in March and the highest index of 0.45 in September. However, the northeastern part of Nigeria is observed to be majorly cloudier in JJA and SON seasons than the far southern region of the country. However, wind speed is observed to be significantly lower than 2.7 m/s over the Guinea Coast compared to other zones. Relatively high and strong winds were noticed to be widespread over the extreme part of the northeastern and northwestern parts of Nigeria in all the seasons, making the region more suitable for wind energy generation.
Optimal Solution to Transportation Problem with Heptagonal Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Fegade Madhav , Muley Aniket
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we have proposed another calculation to track down optimalanswers for the fuzzy transportation problem. Here, positioning strategy is utilized to defuzzify the Heptagonal fuzzy numbers. This article gives procedure that cuts down the optimal arrangement. The mathematical model represents the legitimacy of our proposed technique.
Vector Error Correction Model: Prediction of Bi-Directional Causality between Gross Domestic Product and Wage Growth in Kenya
Authors: Njoroge Mburu S. , Njoroge Gladys G. , Wagala Adolphus
Published: July 2022

Economic growth and wage growth are very prominent macroeconomic variables in all countries in the World. These two variables are the main signposts signaling the current trends in an economy. To determine the recent behavior of the economy, the government must study and analyze these major variables. The increase in aggregate production in the Kenyan economy has been deteriorating due to the steady rise in the wage bill, especially since the year 2012, in conjunction with the devolved government. An increase in wage rate motivates workers and, in turn, increases the production capacity of a country hence economic growth. An increase in recurrent expenditure implies that the development expenditure will be condensed, which will alter the growth of the economy. The primary goal of this research was to fit vector error correction model on gross domestic product and wage growth data so as to identify the bidirectional causality effects between the two variables. VEC model is superior since it distinguishes between long run and short run relationship among underlying variables in a large sample size. The linear Granger causality test was used to evaluate the causal relationship between the system's variables; hence a causal research design was adopted in this study. This research employed secondary data, which was analyzed using Eviews and STATA statistical software. Data on these target variables was acquired from the World Bank and Central Bank of Kenya. Lastly, this study used yearly time series data for the period 1979 to 2019. It was found that wage growth and GDP granger causes each other and also have a long run relationship since their respective p values were less than 5% significance level. VECM1 (effects of wage growth on GDP) had AIC of -0.2953, RMSE of 1.0039 while the R-squared was 0.7241. Subsequently, effects of GDP on wage growth (VECM2) was found to have an R-squared of 0.7452, AIC of -8.2270 and RMSE of 0.08363. Based on the foregoing findings, it was determined that GDP has more influence on wage growth both in the short and long run. This study thus recommends that the government should keep inflation under control, increase development expenditure to finance projects and fostering a favorable business environment for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to upsurge total output (productivity) which will in turn, lead to a rise in wage growth, thus a high standard of living for the millions of unemployed Kenyans. Finally, the findings of the current study are expected to be of significance to academicians and also provide appropriate policy options that will help in harmonizing the wage rates, thus managing recurrent expenditure in Kenya.
Modelling the Impact of Spread of Human Papillomavirus Infections under Vaccination in Kenya
Authors: Malia Miriam , Chepkwony Isaac , Malonza David
Published: July 2022

Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus is a collection of more than 40 types of viruses, some of which are linked to several cancers. HPV type 16 and HPV type 18 are accountable for 70% of cervical cancer cause. Besides cervical cancer, HPV has been linked to several cancers such as anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer and neck cancer. Mathematical models have been used in the evaluation of control strategies and making of health policies. Very few mathematical models have been developed on HPV awareness in Kenya. In this study we developed a deterministic model on the impact of HPV infection under vaccination. In this model we incorporated an ineffective media awareness. We computed the equilibrium points of the model and local and global stability analysis was conducted on the reproduction number. The numerical simulation results show that the HPV infections continue to stay in the community due to the ineffective mass media awareness. Sensitivity analysis show that the infection contact rate and negative attitudes influencing condom use rate are parameters that contribute to the persistence of HPV infections in the community.
Structural Investigation, Hirshfeld Surfaces and 3D Interaction Energy Analysis of the Compound 3-aryl-2-cyanoprop-2-enoic Acid
Authors: Sreenath N. R. , Harisha A. S. , Ganesha D. P. , Mahadeva Prasad T. N. , Thippeswamy G. B. , Lakshminarayanna B. N.
Published: July 2022

The single-crystal XRD investigation shows that, an entitled compound is crystallized in a triclinic lattice of P1 space group. Inthe crystal, the molecular units are organized by a weak intermolecular C-H. . . O and C-H. . . N interactions. The interactions wereexplored by a three dimensional Hirshfeld surfaces mapped on different properties. The associative two-dimensional fingerprintgraphs are generated to indicate the major driving force of crystal packing. The three dimensional interaction energies are calculatedfor the intermolecular interactions using the energy density wave function of B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and reported herein.
A Short Review on the Preferential Concentration of Particles in Fluid Flow
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Shahraj
Published: July 2022

Particle laden fluid flows are important in many fields of application such as environmental, chemical, astrophysical, and biological flows. They are examples of multicomponent fluid flow where the dispersed component is transported within a carrier fluid, and the dynamics of the flow are mostly dictated by the carrier fluid. The dispersed phase generally consists of particles such as droplets, bubbles, sediments, or nanoparticles while the carrier phase is typically water, oil, and chemical and biological liquids. Preferential concentration is an important characteristic of such multicomponent fluid flow which is defined by a higher density of particles in local regions of flow based on local acceleration, vorticity, strain, and pressure. Due to the intrinsic challenges of dealing with turbulence, mixing, particle tracking, and inter-and intra-component interactions, these flows are complicated to model. Based on the mass ratio of the particles to the fluid, the particles exhibit different preferential concentration patterns. In this article, experimental and numerical works on the preferential concentration of dispersed particles in different fluid flow problems are reviewed and discussed.
Power and National Interest in International Relations
Authors: Ota Ejitu N. , Ecoma Chinyere S.
Published: July 2022

Every state in the global system has values and ideals that it so cherishes that it would rather go to war than compromise. In fact, realist scholars believe that in international relations, the ability of any given state to protect and advance its national interest is a function of its power position in the comity of nations. This paper seeks to examine the nexus between power and national interest in international relations. In doing so, it has adopted the qualitative analytical research methodology of content analysis. This is because, by its nature, the paper could not employ the quantitative analytical methodology. Therefore, content analysis of relevant literature is the preferred option. The research finding is that although power is a necessary component in analyzing relations between states in the international system, the concept is ambiguous and should not be relied upon as the major compass of a given nation’s foreign policy orientation.
The Covid-19 Effect in Cameroon: Between the Deconstruction of Social Relations and the Emergence of New Relational Habits
Authors: Adamou Moïse , Abessolo Hermine A. , Lagoa Abbe B. Z. M. , Kamo Hélène S. D.
Published: July 2022

Considered the third world war, the Covid-19 pandemic affects all regions and cities of the world, sowing terror and desolation in its path. The objective of this article is to analyze the impacts of this pandemic on social relations in Cameroon. Socio-historical approaches have been used to understand this phenomenon. Based on in-depth field surveys, this study shows that the methods used to raise public awareness of the harmful effects of this pandemic, in particular through communication (in the streets, in schools, at university, at the market, on television, etc.), the uproar around Covid-19 in Cameroon has not only raised awareness among the population; it also traumatized them, thus creating panic, shame, fear, all crowned with a deconstruction of the relationships between each other. Doomed to failure, the response against the “indisputable destroyer” has social consequences, among which figure prominently: stigmatization, abstention from screening tests for some, refusal to seek treatment for others, and the different representations of Covid-19 and also of people carrying the virus.
Tradition and Fakelore: A Case Study in Greek Traditional Dance
Authors: Filippidou Eleni
Published: July 2022

The ethnographic context of this paper is the community of Pentalofos in the region of Thrace in Greece. In the community of Pentalofos, the dance is being experienced and being revived by the same people, who actively participate both in the public dance of the community festival, and in revivals of customary circumstances on stage. Therefore, in this community, the coexistence of dance is observed in its primary environment and its transfer to the dance scene by the same people, who are both members of the community and members of the cultural club. In other words, the simultaneous "first" and "second existence" of dance is observed. The aim of this paper is to compare the traditional and the folkoric dance in Pentalofos of Evros, in order to determine whether they are identical or different, through the example of the dance ‘Babisios’. The collection of ethnographic data was based on the ethnographic method. Laban's notation system was used to record the choreographic compositions of Babisios dance, while for the analysis of their structure and form, as well as their codification, the structural-morphological and typological method of analysis was used, as it is applied in the Greek Τraditional Dance. From the data analysis was found that, although the traditional and fakelore form of Babisios dance is performed by the same people, who are both members of the community and members of the cultural association and often even happen to dance in the same place with both their qualities, show a number of differences. These differences reflect the dance expression of the same people in a specific context and at a given time. Thus, Babisios dance in its "first" existence includes a simple form, being an integral part of the life of the inhabitants of Pentalofos, while in its "second" existence the dance follows the rules of stage presentation, aiming to impress the audience, constituting a choreographic creation.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF PENGENALAN HURUF ALFABET MENGGUNAKAN METODE MULTIMEDIA DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (MDLC)
Authors: Nugroho Andrianu Agung , Krisbiantoro Dwi
Published: July 2022

Multimedia pembelajaran interaktif dapat dijadikan sebuah metode pembelajaran yang dapat membantu dunia pendidikan salah satunya pengenalan huruf alfabet untuk memberikan inovasi dan pengalaman terhadap anak untuk mengenal huruf. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di TK Tunas Rimba Balapulang yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan suatu aplikasi pengenalan huruf alfabet berbasis android menggunkan software adobe unity yang dapat membantu siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka, dokumentasi, dan kuisioner. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu keberhasilan dalam uji coba pembuatan aplikasi multimedia pembelajaran interaktif pengenalan huruf alfabet berbasis android yang dibuat menggunakan metode MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) sebagai media pembelajaran. Media pembelajaran ini sudah dilakukan uji coba. Pengujian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian Alpha dan pengujian Beta, dalam pengujian Alpha menunjukan hasil tampilan materi dapat menampilkan visualisasi gambar yang sesuai dengan materi dan hasil dari perhitungan skala Likert dalam pengujuan Beta yang diperoleh 95,71% yang termasuk kategori baik.
Kata kunci: Media pembelajaran, Unity, Pengenalan huruf alfabet, Android.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN MAHASISWA TERHADAP APLIKASI ZOOM CLOUD MEEETING MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PENDEKATAN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM)
Authors: Monarike Vera Cindi , Krisbiantoro Dwi
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepuasan  terhadap pengguna Zoom Cloud Meeting sebagai media penunjang pembelajaran online mahasiswa/mahasiswi Universitas Amikom Purwokerto. Adapun permasalahan yang ditemui pada aplikasi zoom cloud Metting yaitu fitur kamera dan audio terkadang tidak berfungsi sebagimana mestinya dan hal ini terkadnag membuat pengguna kesulitan dalam penggunaanya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan model pendekatan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) dimana terdapat 5 komponen variabel pengukuran yaitu Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Attitude Toward Using, Behavioral Intention to Use dan Actual Use. Data diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner sebanyak 100 responden menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling, kemudian data diolah menggunakan analisis regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan penggunaan aplikasi Zoom Cloud Meeting sebagai media penunjang pembelajaran online berpengaruh secara signifikan oleh variabel Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Attitude Toward Using, dan Behavioral Intention to Use terhadap variabel actual (kepuasan). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dalam uji F fhitung lebih besar dari ftabel sebesar 24,757 dan ftabel sebesar 2.31. Hal ini menunjukan hasil bahwa variabel kemudahan, kegunaan, behavior,dan attitude berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pengguna aplikasi Zoom Cloud Meeting sebagai media penunjang pembelajaran online.
PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS LAYANAN KINERJA PERANGKAT JARINGAN TP-LINK WIRELESS N ROUTER DAN GL- INET WIRELESS ROUTER BERBASIS FIRMWARE OPENWRT
Authors: Pratama Yogi , Rasyid Rum Mohamad Andri K.
Published: July 2022

The development of the internet network and network equipment is currently very rapid, to meet the needs of internet usage, network devices are used as supporting tools in service access and network deployment. According to research conducted in a performance comparison analysis between the default firmware and the openwrt firmware [1], the performance of the network device is not only determined by the hardware specifications contained in the network device, but is also determined by the firmware in the network device. according to a literature review from various sources that the openwrt firmware can be used as a firmware solution to improve the performance of network devices that have limited service features and as firmware updates for network devices that do not get development support from vendors.The research will be conducted by analyzing the comparison of the performance of the Gl iNet Wireless Router network device which was created for the openwrt firmware and already using the openwrt firmware from the manufacturer, with the Tp Link Wireless Router network device, which is a network device that will implement the openwrt firmware. The design is carried out using the PPDIOO Life-Cycle Approach network development method, and a comparative analysis of network quality using QoS (Quality of Service) parameters.The final result of this research is how to implement and how the openwrt firmware runs on network devices that are not actually using the original firmware based on the results of network parameters jitter, delay, packet loss, throughput and signal strength testing in internet service access.

Keywords : OpenWrt, Quality of Service, PPDIOO, Life-Cycle Approach.
PEMBUATAN SISTEM INFORMASI MONITORING PRESENSI BERBASIS SMS GATEWAY
Authors: Kharisma Rizqi Sukma , Pranata Handy Yusuf
Published: July 2022

Pengolahan data presensi siswa di MTs N 1 Bantul masih dilakukan secara manual karena presensi siswa masih disimpan di buku. Sistem manual ini memiliki beberapa kelemahan, antara lain memungkinkan terjadinya kesalahan data presensi siswa yang tercatat dalam buku. Kemudian juga mempersulit dalam pencarian data siswa jika ingin membuat laporan rekap presensi siswa, orang tua murid harus menunggu rapat wali murid atau saat akhir semester untuk mengetahui keaktifan anaknya dalam mengikuti kegiatan belajar di sekolah.  Sistem ini dibangun untuk membantu wali murid dalam memonitoring siswa sekolah dengan memanfaatkan SMS Gateway. Pada sistem ini admin bertugas menginputkan data guru dan siswa, selanjutnya guru akan menginputkan data presensi yang kemudian sistem akan mengirimkan pesan kepada orang tua murid sesuai dengan format yang sudah ditentukan oleh sistem. Dengan dibangunnya sistem informasi presensi siswa ini diharapkan mampu dijadikan solusi untuk membantu siswa dan wali murid dalam mendapatkan informasi presensi siswa.
 
Kata Kunci :
SMS gateway, presensi, web, sistem informasi
SIMULASI KONTROL DAN MONITORING RUMAH PINTAR DENGAN TEKNOLOGI INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Adhiluhung Zhakty , Subiyantoro Cuk , Nugroho Muhammad Agung
Published: July 2022

Rumah merupakan bangunan yang ditempati dalam waktu tertentu. Namun terdapat beberapa kelalaian yang dapat terjadi di rumah misalkan pemakaian listri yang berlebihan karena lampu atau perangkat listrik lain, keadaan pintu, tabung gas yang bocor tidak terdeteksi, suhu dan kelembaban. Pemanfaatan teknologi internet of things dimaksudkan untuk menjadi pengontrol dan memonitor rumah untuk membantu pemilik rumah dalam menjaga rumah yang ditempati. Simulasi ini menerapkan teknologi internet of things dengan merancang prototype model rumah dari bahan kardus dimana menggunakan mikrokontroller NodeMCU ESP8266, penggunaan sensor DHT-11, MC-38, dan MQ-02 serta relay. Dari sisi aplikasi proses singkronisasi dan penyimpanan data menggunakan database cloud dengan Firebase yang memiliki fitur notifikasi dan real-time. Aplikasi android pada penelitian ini digunakan untuk kontrol dan monitoring. Hasil pengujian dalam penerapan konsep teknologi internet of things yang menguji sensor DHT-11, sensor dapat bekerja dalam membaca suhu dan kelembapan yang menyajikan peningkatan suhu dan penurunan kadar kelembapan. Pengujian dilakukan dalam rentang waktu 5 menit. Sensor MC-38 dapat mendeteksi pergerakan pintu dengan delay 1,8 detik. Sensor MQ -2 melakukan pendeteksian kebocoran gas yang berjarak 1cm dalam rentang 4 detik. Sementara itu, untuk relay diperlukan waktu rata-rata 2,5 detik sampai relay dapat menjalankan fungsinya.
 
Kata Kunci:
Smart home, Firebase, Internet of Things, MC-38, DHT-11
IMPLEMENTASI OPENSTACK UNTUK INFRASTRUKTUR PRIVATE CLOUD COMPUTING
Authors: Anugrah Rega Panji , Yatini Indra , Nugroho Muhammad Agung
Published: July 2022

Perkembangan Teknologi cloud membawa perubahan dalam berbagai model layanan. Saat ini cloud bukan hanya dapat digunakan sebagai infrastruktur (IaaS), Platform (Paas), dan software (SaaS). Namun mulai dapat digunakan hanya pada fungsi tertentu seperti cloud function as a service (FaaS). Hadirnya teknologi cloud ini semakin memudahkan institusi untuk mengembangkan layanan sendiri yang mereplikasi fungsi dari layanan cloud. Dengan ketersediaan engine opensource seperti openstack, opennebula, dan openshift, proses membangun infrastruktur mandiri untuk layanan cloud semakin terjangkau dari sisi biaya. Openstack merupakan open sources software yang dapat dikembangkan secara mandiri dengan berfokus pada infrastruktur (IaaS) karena menyediakan beragam fitur yang memadai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dalam membangun layanan IaaS dengan openstack, pengujian yang dilakukan berupa pembuatan mesin virtual, monitoring mesin VM, serta uji performa mesin VM.  Dari hasil penelitian, penggunaan mesin peneliti dapat memadai untuk menjalankan 10 mesin VM dengan stabil, dan rata-rata waktu untuk booting time 30 detik.
 
Kata Kunci:
Cloud Computing, Infrastructure as a Service, Openstack, Private cloud computing
ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI KEUANGAN PADA DESA KAUMAN BERBASIS WEBSITE
Authors: Nugroho Agung
Published: July 2022

Pada kantor Desa Kauman pencatatan laporan keuangan telah dilakukan secara komputerisasi mulai dari kas, pedapatan dan juga pengeluaran. Akan tetapi pada proses penyimpanan data atau pemberkasan laporan keuangan masih kurang rapi dan belum terorganisir sehingga menyulitkan sekertaris dan kaur keuangan desa dalam pencarian data. Dengan adanya website yang bertujuan untuk mendukung penyusunan laporan keuangan, pencarian data secara real time dan penyimpanan data lebih teroganisir sehingga dapat mendorong efektivitas kinerja karyawan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan sistem menggunakan metode System Development Life Cycle Prototyping dengan melakukan perencanaan, analisis, desain, implementasi, testing dan pemeliharaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sistem informasi pengelolaan keuangan berbasis website yang bertujuan untuk membantu kinerja dari karyawan dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan, pencarian data keuangan secara real time dan penyimpanan database secara aman.
 
Kata Kunci :                  
Sistem, Website,  Laporan, Database
Exploring Teacher’s Perspectives about Online Assessment during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Saudi Context
Authors: A. Al Roomy Muhammad
Published: July 2022

The emergency transition to online learning due to COVID-19 has forced many sectors to respond quickly. The readiness of educational institutes to attend to the abrupt crisis and shift to teach remotely is practiced at different levels. Online assessment is one of them. Rapid advances in technology and software applications are changing the practices of assessment in innumerable ways. Teachers are encouraged to implement a diverse array of assessment methods to measure the learning process of their students in an online environment which may not be the same as conventional learning. Therefore, the current study aims to explore teachers’ perspectives about online assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Saudi context. This study endeavours to shed light on this aspect of online assessment by answering the main question of challenges and benefits faced by English teachers in an online environment. The study was qualitative in nature deploying semi-structured interviews with English instructors to collect data about the researched matter. The findings revealed that the most preferred online assessment tool teachers used to implement was the multiple-choice format. Also, the analysis showed that challenges associated with online assessment were diverse, and some of them were handled appropriately while others remained. For the advantages, they worked in favour of teachers, students and department. This was observed in the opportunities online assessment could provide to save time, easiness to design, take and record and objectivity in marking. Implications and recommendations were offered for further direction and research.
Integrating Mobile Games in Arabic Orthography Classrooms
Authors: Al-Razgan Muna , M. Alotaibi Hind
Published: July 2022

Considerable advances in the capabilities of modern mobile devices have enabled their use as powerful educational tools. Today, mobile learning games are widely used as creative platforms for teaching and learning, offering enjoyable and ubiquitous educational content. This study describes the design and evaluation of a mobile Arabic orthography game aimed at improving Arabic orthographical skills among young learners. In particular, 52 female fourth-grade students participated in this study to answer the following research questions: what impact does the use of mobile Arabic orthography games have on students’ performance, and how do students perceive this learning approach? A mixed-method research design was adopted to answer these research questions, including pre-and post-tests, interviews, and classroom observations. Analysis of the data revealed that, although there were a few challenges involved in using mobile games as a learning tool, significant improvements were found in students’ performance and engagement, and positive attitudes were developed towards using the mobile game. In addition, there was an overall increase in students’ motivation and interaction. The pedagogical implications of these findings can be linked to the gamification of the teaching and learning environments. Teachers are encouraged to consider integrating mobile educational games into their instructional approaches, as they can serve as great incentives to learning (especially for young students).
Raising Algerian Master’s Students’ Self-awareness towards Using Learning Strategies during Online Classes at Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem
Authors: ZIANI Melouka
Published: July 2022

Since the Coronavirus outbreak in 2019, higher education has shifted from face-to-face learning to distance learning incorporating various platforms such as Moodle. The use of the latter has changed the Algerian university’s teaching and learning dynamics. In this case, and unlike in-traditional class learning, which is characterized by physical interaction, online learning requires self-awareness about personal strengths and weaknesses. Thus, the issue addressed in this paper was which strategy the students need to use online and whether the students use the same learning strategies in the two modes of learning; in-class and online. They are now a must to use new strategies to engage in Digital Learning (DL). In this view and based on Oxford 2003, Chamot 2004, Griffith 2013, and O’Malley 1995 references regarding learning strategies that have been pointed out as major determinants for successful learning, this study aims to raise the students’ self-awareness towards using different learning strategies in online learning compared to in-class learning.The main objective of the present investigation is to identify whether Master’s students in the department of English at the University of Mostaganem use different learning strategies for their online courses or not. Oxford’s Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL), 1990, has been adapted and used with 80 Master’s students of English at Abdelhamid University of Mostaganem, Algeria, to gather relevant data. The findings revealed that most students use the same language learning strategies for both in-class and online learning. Hence, an adaptation and strategy instruction for online learning is recommended, i.e., students have to modify and adapt their own way of learning the target language since some learning strategies may not be effective for distance one.
Gamifying ESL Classrooms through Gamified Teaching and Learning
Authors: Yaccob Nur Syafiqah , Abd. Rahman Siti Fatimah , Azlan Mohamad Syamsul Nor , Abdul Rahim Azwin Arif , Khalilah Abdul Rashid Khadijah , Mohammed Abdulwahab Aldaba Abdulmajid , Md Yunus Melor , Hashim Harwati
Published: July 2022

Modern trends lead to innovative technologies in education, including the birth of digital and gamified learning or gamification. In English language classrooms, meaningful teaching and learning are significant to developing students’ English proficiency, focusing on linguistics and communicative competence. Various language activities and games are employed in lessons to instil anticipation for language learning. However, the concerns are how gamified learning is applied in English as a Second Language (ESL) lessons and the factors assisting students’ meaningful English learning. Therefore, this paper, based on the review of past literature, explores the application of gamification or gamified learning in ESL teaching and learning. Based on the review, the researchers highlighted that motivation, engagement, and competition in learning through a gamification approach could assist students’ meaningful ESL learning. It is found that gamification has its own motivation structure to arouse students’ active participation. The elements in games that enhance students’ engagement might improve students’ learning. Although competition naturally arouses students’ participation during ESL lessons, the findings indicated the need to create a safe environment to prevent students from feeling demotivated. This review paper contributes to the literature surrounding gamified ESL lessons.
Saudi EFL University Students’ perceived Linguistic Gains and Learning Experiences in Flipped Classrooms
Authors: Naem Ahmed Al-Amri Aishah
Published: July 2022

Despite the much recent research on the flipped classroom model, it is still underexplored in English language teaching in Saudi Arabia. This study investigated how using the flipped classroom model with Saudi female EFL university students could influence their language performance and learning experiences. Therefore, the study attempted to answer the following three research questions: a) to what extent does the use of the flipped classroom in an English reading course influence a group of Saudi female EFL university students’ perceived linguistic gains?, b) to what extent does the use of the flipped classroom in an English reading course contribute to fostering these students’ language learning experiences?, and c) how do the students evaluate the flipped learning experiences they had?. An entire class of female students who were attending an English reading course at a Saudi university had flipped learning classrooms for four weeks. After having these classrooms, the author interviewed 12 of the students in this class about their flipped learning experiences. The analysis of the interview data showed that the flipped learning experiences the students had improved their performance in English language communication and vocabulary. These experiences also contributed to meeting the students’ different language learning styles, helping them understand how to learn independently, and motivating them in their language learning. The study also revealed that collaborative activities, the teachers’ support, and the availability of a reliable technological application were the three main factors that played an essential role in improving the students’ linguistic gains and enriching their language learning experiences. The study provided some practice recommendations and research suggestions.
Higher Education in Times of Pandemic: An Exploration of Teachers and EFL Learners’ Perceptions of the Shift to Online Instruction Option
Authors: ZAGHAR Fatma
Published: July 2022

E-learning is, for the time being, receiving significant attention in the literature on English as a foreign language (EFL) learning. It has emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic as a fundamental rescue attempt. This paper intends to contribute to this debate by highlighting some of the strong points and downsides obtained from this new learning initiative. It also discusses the main reasons behind the students’ reluctance to learn via the internet and examines the impact of learning on both teachers and learners in the Algerian Higher Education Settings. The researcher focused on the teachers’ and learners’ perceptions of the new asynchronous online teaching mode and also tried to show how Moodle operated as a substitute for traditional courses. The author carried out a qualitative and quantitative study using questionnaires, and an interview to analyze students and teachers’ perceptions and experiences with this instructional model. The findings provide insights into how students and instructors perceived and utilized this learning format. The suggested recommendations show that our awareness-raising approach, if taken into account, can enlighten learners, help teachers get more familiar with this type of learning and better engage in technology literacy, and urge the decision-makers to reconsider the utility of diversifying the teaching/learning modes of delivering knowledge in the area of tertiary education.
Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language Speaking Skills through Blackboard during COVID-19
Authors: Al Mahmud Fawaz
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted English teaching to online platforms, such as Blackboard Collaborate, but whether online platforms affect the acquisition of core English language skills like speaking has yet to be studied extensively in the Saudi context. This study addressed and analyzed the perceptions of English as a foreign language instructors and students at the University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia concerning the use of Blackboard Collaborate to develop speaking skills through an explanatory sequential mixed-method design. In the first phase, participants completed an online cross-sectional questionnaire for the quantitative approach. Data analysis revealed positive perceptions of speaking skill development through Blackboard Collaborate among both students and instructors. Female students and less experienced instructors reported more satisfaction with learning English through Blackboard Collaborate than male students and experienced instructors, respectively. In Phase 2, the researcher conducted in-person interviews with 10 instructors and 10 students, focusing on three areas: the Blackboard Collaborate user experience, instructors’ and students’ beliefs, and the challenges of and suggested improvements for Blackboard Collaborate. Instructors and students were fully aware of how to use the platform, and their motivation to use it was very high. This study further uncovered how Saudi students have shifted their learning style from passive to active learning following the student-centered approach. It also highlights the benefits Saudi women gained, as they were more comfortable practicing conversation through Blackboard Collaborate and the avoidance of cultural barriers. Studying the effects of culture on language learning through technology is a necessary direction for future research.
Bidikmisi Students’ Perspectives on Online Distance Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic Lockdown at Sriwijaya State Polytechnic
Authors: Asyari Lutfi , Abdurrahmansyah Abdurrahmansyah , Ardiansyah Welly
Published: July 2022

During the outbreak of the Covid 19 pandemic, educational systems around the world had been disrupted, and as a result, lecturers and Bidikmisi students had to conduct teaching and learning processes from home. This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of Bidikmisi students on online distance learning during the lockdown at Sriwijaya State Polytechnic due to the Covid 19 pandemic. The study was carried out with the mixed method. The researchers asked 85 students from two different intensive English courses to complete a five-point Likert scale questionnaire on the Online Learning Environment Survey (OLES), and answer six open-ended questions distributed using google form. The sample comprised 85 bidikmisi students from nine departments– not only Engineers in civil, mechanical, chemical, computer, electrical and computer information systems, but also Business Administration, Accounting, Informatics Management, and English. The finding of this study revealed that some of bidikmisi students positively accepted this online distance learning, but most of them negatively revealed that bidikmisi students faced some challenges with online distance learning; they preferred face-to-face classes. The study concluded with a recommendation that the findings of this study can assist policymakers and lecturers in developing effective or efficient teaching strategies for overcoming tough situations or pandemics, particularly for bidikmisi students.
MALL Instructional Course Design: Constructing Out-of-Class Experience
Authors: Solodka Anzhelika , Ruskulis Liliia , Demianenko Olha , Zaskaleta Svitlana
Published: July 2022

Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) is a new channel of learning languages. The usage of MALL instructional design integrates mobile devices with educational scenarios of teaching foreign languages. The study explores the central issue of how MALL instructional course design could help students to construct an out-of-class MALL experience. The research investigates the practical characteristics of MALL instructional design, which lead to foreign language acquisition. The study had three objectives: to explore the perceptions of students and needs in MALL; to create a conceptual framework of MALL instructional course design; to summarize the results in pedagogical implications to the course. The data came from an exploratory study of employing MALL in instructional course design at the tertiary level within the first semester of 2021. This study analyses the feedback of 32 students about the effectiveness of the MALL activities and students’ satisfaction. The research shows how student feedback stimulates investigation into MALL instruction and evaluation of its design. The researchers used qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results of the study, conducted in three stages, helped to develop a design framework. The research proved that designing the MALL activities supported interaction, communication, access to resources, and people within the network community practice. MALL course design promoted active collaborative learning that helped students to construct the MALL experience in the real-world environment. The researchers provide recommendations on combining various MALL facilities and channels of communication that mobiles afford.
Saudi Female EFL Teachers’ Cognition and Practices Regarding Online Corrective Feedback in Speaking Class
Authors: Essa Aloud Reem
Published: July 2022

The study of teachers’ cognition and classroom practices about online corrective feedback in English language teaching is a recent trend in research. However, there is a paucity of studies on teachers’ practices and cognition of online corrective feedback in speaking class. Therefore, this study attempts to bridge this research gap by investigating Saudi female English language teachers’ cognition and practices related to corrective feedback in an online speaking setting. The main question of this study is What are Saudi female EFL teachers’ practices and tacit beliefs about online corrective feedback? The participants of the study were five Saudi female teachers. This study applied a qualitative case study approach dealing with in-depth data collection instruments, including online class observations followed by face-to-face semi-structured and stimulated recall interviews, which interacted with each other through a practical argument process. The results revealed how the teachers’ online corrective feedback beliefs shaped their practices. The observational data revealed that all five teachers corrected most of their students’ errors using various online corrective feedback strategies. The observational data revealed that most teachers used output-prompting strategies more commonly than input-providing strategies, reflecting teachers’ interest in prompting self-correction discovery and reducing the students’ need for assistance. This study thus provides a deeper insight into the complexity of teachers’ cognitions and practices regarding online corrective feedback. Implications of the findings of this study in teacher education are highlighted, and recommendations for further research are suggested.
An Exploration of Students’ Willingness to Communicate in Thai EFL Online Classroom
Authors: Punyaporn Patthaya , Soontornwipast Kittitouch
Published: July 2022

This study aims at exploring the level of Thai EFL undergraduate students’ willingness to communicate in English language online classrooms. The crucial evidence from students’ voices was investigated through the mixed-methods paradigm, called exploratory sequential research design which employed a qualitative, followed by a quantitative approach to answer the main research question that investigated the levels of Thai EFL undergraduate students’ willingness to communicate in English language online classrooms. In the first phase, qualitative data was collected and analyzed from focus group interviews to elicit the rich data in deep detail and explain some outstanding points of view from the participants at the university level. Then, the results from the qualitative phase were used as a guideline to develop the questionnaires which were relevant to the willingness to communicate in online classrooms. One thousand one hundred and nineteen participants (N=1,119) responded to the questionnaires. Results showed that the salient factors that influenced the level of students’ willingness to communicate in online classrooms were communication channels, students’ beliefs, peer influence, teachers’ characteristics, teaching methods, and online classroom atmosphere. The findings of this study can create teachers’ awareness when teaching online and can be used to seek out how to improve themselves and adjust their own teaching approach to enhance their students’ online language learning outcomes in the future. Recommendations for further research are addressed in the end. Keywords: English as a Foreign Language, online classes, Thai EFL undergraduate students, Thai EFL online classroom, willingness to communicate
EFL Students’ Attitudes towards Using Online Learning during Covid-19: Applying Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Mizher Rabab , Amoush Kholoud , Alwreikat Asma
Published: July 2022

This study examined the attitudes toward online learning of EFL students by applying technology acceptance model (TAM) constructs along with the characteristics of the online learning system and the experience of online learning as external independent variables. The study used a quantitative approach. The researchers collected data by administering a questionnaire using Microsoft’s online form to the tertiary students who were studying for their Bachelor of Arts degree (B.A.) in the English Language and Literature Department at Al-Balqa Applied University – Jordan. . One hundred eighty-five students out of 602 responded to the questionnaire. The researchers used SPSS and Structural Equational Modeling (SEM – Smart PLS) to analyze the data. Among the findings, the characteristics of an online learning system significantly affected perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), attitudes, and the behavioral intentions (BIs) of EFL learners. In contrast, EFL learners’ PEOU negatively affected their attitudes towards online learning and BIs. Finally, the attitudes of students who studied online for four semesters or more were negative compared to those who took less than four semesters online. These findings could be attributed to the supposedly temporary and rapid shift to online learning due to Covid-19 lockdown measures. This study is significant because it develops an understanding of tertiary EFL attitudes towards online learning. It also reflects on their behavioral intentions to utilize online learning after the pandemic. The researchers believe that this is the first study to examine EFL learners’ attitudes and BIs on using online learning during/after the pandemic in Jordan using TAM.