bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Manajemen Kurikulum Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan Keagamaan Di Lembaga Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Sofa Luthfiah Efluida , Lukmanul Hakim Luki
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi manajemen kurikulum sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas Pendidikan keagamaan di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda Al-Faqih Manonjaya Tasikmalaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini ialah strategi manajemen kurikulum seperti perencanaan kurikulum di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda Al-Faqih Manonjaya Tasikmalaya meliputi kegiatan penentuan tujuan, penentuan proses pembelajaran, dan penentuan materi pembelajaran. Pengelolaannya mencakup kegiatan pengelolaan materi pembelajaran, pengelolaan pengajar, dan pengelolaan waktu serta jadwal kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dalam pelaksanaannya mengajarkan nilai-nilai yang akan meningkatkan kualitas Pendidikan keagamaan. Sistem Pendidikannya menganut sistem semi salaf modern dengan kitab kuning sebagai referensinya. Evaluasi pelaksanaannya menggunakan evaluasi bentuk tes dan non tes dan secara tidak langsung menggunakan model evaluasi CIPP (context, input, process, dan product).
Discectomia Lombar: Indicações, Procedimentos e Recuperação
Authors: Santos Alice Priscila Amorim , Irrazabal Leandro Aparecido , Barros Rosana Karla Pinto de , Melo Liduína Maria Dantas e , Santos Priscylla Lucena , Santos Matheus Lucena , Aquilino Raphael Navarro , Oliveira Marcellus de Lucena , Loiola Leticia Leite , Barros Stella Freitas , Sampaio Júlia Inácio Pedro , Sá Fernanda Lovato de
Published: August 2024

A discectomia lombar é um procedimento cirúrgico realizado para remover parte ou todo um disco intervertebral da região lombar que esteja comprimindo raízes nervosas, geralmente devido a uma hérnia de disco. Essa compressão pode causar dor intensa, fraqueza muscular e até perda de função motora nos membros inferiores. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura utilizando as bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library (SCIELO), Cochrane e Medline. A discectomia visa aliviar a pressão sobre os nervos, proporcionando alívio da dor e recuperação funcional.
Hak Asasi Manusia, Permasalahan, dan Penyelesaiannya di Indonesia
Authors: Seri Mughni Sulubara
Published: August 2024

Hak Asasi Manusia adalah hak pokok atau hak dasar yang dibawa oleh manusia sejak lahir yang secara kodrat melekat pada setiap manusia dan tidak dapat di ganggu gugat karena merupakan anugerah Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Permasalahan terkait dengan pelanggaran HAM dalam konteks penegakan hukum dan keamanan menjadi sorotan yang serius mulai dari kasus kejahatan pelanggaran HAM ringan maupun berat. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan adalah ingin mengetahui penyelesaian pelanggaran HAM dalam Undang-Undang Nomor: 39 tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, Undang-undang Nomor: 26 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia dan hukum acara pidana. Metode penelian yang digunakan adalah deskriftif kualitatif yuridis normatif. Bahwa penyelesaian kasus pelanggaran HAM dalam hukum positif dilakukan dengan tahapan penyelidikan, penyidikan, penuntutan dan pemeriksaan di sidang pengadilan.
Physico-mechanical properties of soil during the treatment period
Authors: Mustafaevich Muradov Shukhrat
Published: August 2024

Results of research work on physical and mechanical properties of soil during is main cultivation are presented in this article. It is established that physical and mechanical properties of soil act as defining factors in design development of working elements and justification of operating modes of soil-cultivating machines. They mainly depend on the type and texture of soil.
Infinidade Afirmativa – Afirmação Infinita: Considerações matemáticas e filosóficas no Sistema de Würzburg de Schelling
Authors: Binkelmann Christoph
Published: August 2024

This article aims at bringing to light that Schelling’s reflections concerning mathematical infinity in the Würzbürger System from 1803-1806 in a certain sense anticipate and/or elucidate some aspects of the debate concerning actual infinity carried forth by intuitionists and formalists in the early 20th century. The argument departs from a consideration of Spinoza’s concept of (positive) infinity as affirmation and of Fichte’s partial spinozist influence pertaining the concept of the absolute I, and this in order to show how Schelling gave form to his own concept of infinity by means of a critique of potential infinity in Fichte and of a reinterpretation of actual infinity in Spinoza. By this strategy, it becomes clear how much Schelling’s Platonism – concerning the ideality, or symbolic character of mathematical objects – radically differs, e.g., from Frege’s Platonism.
O infinito quantitativo na Lógica do Ser de Hegel
Authors: Becker Anne
Published: August 2024

This article aims at reconstructing the outlines of the categorical thread leading from qualitative infinity up to quantitative infinity in Hegel’s Doctrine of Being. Thus, departing from the last concept of Quality, Being-for-itself, the paper rushes on to delineate the concepts of Continuous, Discrete, Extensive and Intensive Magnitudes, in order to elucidate, in the end, some important aspects of Quantum, Infinite Progress and Quantitative Infinity. The premise set out here as a departure point for the investigation is that infinity ought to express a qualitative moment within quantity. If this is so, then we are led to ask ourselves if there is indeed for Hegel a quantitative infinity in a strict sense and how much it differs from qualitative infinity.
Rousseau e Hegel: poder e impotência da má-infinitude
Authors: Bender Thurid
Published: August 2024

This article compares Rousseau’s and Hegel’s interpretations of the biblical myth of the fall from paradise since both philosophers’ comprehensions of the original sin offer an original perspective on their works and a guiding thread to mark their similarities and differences concerning the concepts of imagination, consciousness and bad and good infinity. Whereas for Rousseau bad infinity (schlechte Unendlichkeit) remains, after the loss of the state of nature, a structure out of which humans can no longer escape, for Hegel, on the other side, it is, simply put, a one-sided experience of infinity that has to and will be overcome by true infinity. This entails consequences concerning the way both philosophers see the sphere in which bad infinity unfolds its power and has to be limited: civil society and the state. Although Hegel is thoroughly acquainted with Rousseau’s denunciation of the evils degenerated society has brought about, with its moral and social corruption, Hegel searches not to overcome, but to sublate such evils by binding the consumer and the worker to a higher well-determined purpose: the state. Hand in hand with this ‘solution’ to the problem goes his critique of Rousseau: as Rousseau demands the ‘total exteriorisation’ of every citizen – the complete replacement of the particular by the general will, without any mediation –, his way of overcoming bad infinity is abstract and therefore ineffective. At the same time Rousseau provides the tools to criticize Hegel’s attempt to reconcile the bourgeois and the citoyen. In a closing section their concepts of state are confronted with one another.
Algo sobre Hölderlin sobre o Estado
Authors: Beckenkamp Joãosinho
Published: August 2024

At a time increasingly dominated by the idiótis, one gets shocked when comes across a statement by Hölderlin as a motto in a book of Friedrich Hayek: “What has always made the state a hell on earth has been precisely that man has tried to make it his heaven.” What? Hölderlin, a precursor of neoliberalism? Situating this statement of Hyperion in its proper context, while also presenting what Hölderlin thinks about the State, the present text shows that what makes possible an expropriating appropriation of Hölderlin’s criticism towards utopian expectations about the State is an essential ambiguity in the use of some terms: a confusion about two fundamental dimensions of the social existence of men, namely, the political and the economic. Such ambiguity, which permeates the entire liberal ideal from its beginning to the present day, is sustained by a very simplistic and false dichotomy opposing the State as permanent threat of oppression to the poor citizens, who must fight tooth and nail for their rights.
The Scientific Status of Hegel’s Logic, its Circular Structure, and the Matter of its Beginning
Authors: Dunphy Robb
Published: August 2024

This article is concerned with some of the criteria which Hegel believes apply to a scientific treatment of logic. I briefly address criteria which I take Hegel to inherit from German rationalism before focusing on two fairly idiosyncratic criteria: the requirement that a science of logic exhibit a circular structure and that it begin with the concept of pure being. I offer an explanation of these criteria which understands them as motivated by anti-sceptical concerns, before arguing that Hegel’s mature treatment of the latter criterion is problematically ambiguous.
O vínculo silogístico entre religião e Estado nas Lições sobre a filosofia da religião de Hegel
Authors: Rocha Macedo Rodrygo
Published: August 2024

In this article, I draw upon the connection between politics and religion from Hegelian Logic’s elements. In The Science of Logic's Introduction (1812-1816), Hegel conceives the logical method as the explanation of a content that affirms itself as “the exposition of God as he is in his eternal essence” (WdL-I, p. 44). This assertion is enhanced in The Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Basic Outline (1830), in which Hegel claims that Logic must be sought in order to support an understanding the interest taken “in in religion, the State, the law and ethical life” (Enz § 19 Z3). The connection through Logic between religion and politics highlights the sense of “process” in which God, whereas he is activity, constitutes himself as he interacts with the other of himself (world and human beings). The divine moving is composed out of the logical "parts" Singular (S), Particular (P) and Universal (U), and actualizes the truth through the syllogism U-P-S, improving itself from other three iterations: S-P-U, P-S-U, and S-U-P. The Universal transcendental level attempts to solve the joint between Objective spirit (State) and Absolute spirit (Religion). This article also evaluates the usage of the syllogisms to indicate the intersection of  temporal and spiritual elements, as well as political and logical dimensions under the concept of “community” in Philosophy of Right (1821), the aforementioned The Encyclopedia, and the Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion (1821-1831).
Hegel on the Margins
Authors: Wirsing Claudia
Published: August 2024

The question of how to begin a philosophical system belongs to the internal logic of every systematic philosophy and involves the notion of absolute presuppositions. This article deals with the concept of such a beginning in Hegel and Derrida. First, the article thematizes the aporia of beginning against the background of Kierkegaard’s critique of Hegel. Second, it focuses on the introductory sections of the “Doctrine of Essence” in Hegel’s Science of Logic, which have not received sufficient attention in relation to this topic so far. In these sections, Hegel raises the question of the relationship between immediacy and mediation, which he has made central to the question of beginning. I argue that in these sections Hegel offers an instructive alternative to theabsolutization and singularization of the beginning and the denial of its conceivability, while building a bridge to a “postmetaphysical” way of thinking that integrates critique with an awareness of the problem of ultimate metaphysical grounds. Finally, my key argument is that Derrida who, like Hegel, is critical of the notion of an absolute beginning still fails to escape the aporia of beginning with his concept of différance; and, consequently, in his critique of metaphysics, Derrida ends up returning to Hegel precisely at the moment when he tries the hardest to break from him.
A ação da ideia absoluta
Authors: Illetterati Luca , Carvalheiro Adriano , Amaral Paulo
Published: August 2024

A ação na qual a ideia absoluta é efetivada é o nó conceitual que, no horizonte sistemático de Hegel, põe em jogo a relação entre lógica – enquanto ciência do pensamento puro – e realidade (natural e espiritual) – considerada enquanto uma dimensão caracterizada, embora em diferentes formas e graus, por uma esfera de exterioridade vis-à-vis à pureza do pensamento. Neste sentido, a ação na qual a ideia absoluta é efetivada é um lugar que é tão decisivo quanto problemático, pois se trata de uma questão do problema que atravessa a totalidade da filosofia moderna e alcança seu clímax com a filosofia transcendental de Kant, a saber, as formas da relação entre mente e mundo, entre epistemologia e ontologia, entre pensamento e ser. A peculiaridade desta ação, entendida como o lócus do questionamento da separação entre pensamento e realidade típica do pensamento moderno, é o foco desta contribuição. Na ação que separa e une a lógica da filosofia real, se trata de uma questão tanto de desconstruir uma visão dualista que vê o pensamento de um lado e a realidade de outro, com todos os problemas associados com as formas de relação entre duas esferas assumidas por serem heterogêneas, quanto da possibilidade de dar uma explicação da inteligibilidade do mundo, isto é, de dar uma explicação acerca da capacidade do pensar de manifestar a realidade do mundo.
Resenha
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Gabriel
Published: August 2024

Resenha do livro: NOVELLI, Pedro Geraldo Aparecido. O idealismo hegeliano e o materialismo marxiano: aproximações e distanciamentos. 1ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ, 2021. 376 páginas. ISBN: 978-65-87949-28-4.
Hegel entre a renúncia aos frutos da ação e a individualidade viva
Authors: Auras Nina
Published: August 2024

O artigo pretende explorar as semelhanças entre a análise hegeliana da poesia indiana nos seus Cursos de Estética e dois artigos de 1827 sobre o Bhagavad-Gita, visando, com isso, compreender a hierarquia espiritual dos povos estabelecida por Hegel, na qual a individualidade viva dos gregos se coloca como ponto mais elevado e o entendimento moral indiano, devido à sua concepção de individualidade, não chega à verdadeira representação espiritual. Uma mudança significativa nos artigos de 1827, no entanto, diz respeito à delineação clara da perspectiva europeia de Hegel, o que coloca em questão a capacidade europeia de atingir um entendimento completo da visão de mundo indiana.
Age-Related Differences in Systolic Blood Pressure Recovery after a Maximal-Effort Exercise Test in Non-Athletic Adults
Authors: Dimkpa Uchechukwu , Ugwu Andrew
Published: August 2024

The present study investigated the rate of systolic blood pressure recovery (SBPR) amongst three male age groups. Ninety-six apparently healthy, non-athletic adult males (48 young [23.91±4.58 years], 32 middle-aged [41.78±5.98 years] and 16 elderly [62.87±2.57 years]) participated in the study. Subjects performed a maximal-effort ergometer exercise test. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured during the exercise protocol; heart rate (HR) and SBP were measured before exercise (after 10 and 15 minutes of rest), during exercise (at 2-minute intervals), and at the first minute of post-exercise recovery and subsequently at 2-minute intervals until the recovery of SBP. Results showed that third-minute SBP ratio relative to 1 minute of recovery (SBPRy) was significantly lower (p<0.01; p<0.001) in the young (0.87± 0.06) when compared to middle aged (0.91 ± 0.05) and elderly adults (0.93 ± 0.04). Using bivariate correlation analysis, VO2max and %HR decline at 1 minute and 3 minutes of recovery, correlated with SBPRy in all age groups but after controlling for their confounders, only %HR decline in 3 min remained significantly correlated with SBPR in all the age groups. This study therefore showed age differences in SBPR after exercise with younger adults indicating faster recovery than older adults. After controlling for factors influencing SBPR, %HR decline in 3 min of recovery appeared to be a stronger contributor to age differences in SBPR than %HR decline in 1 min and VO2max. The reported data indicate the need to take age into account when interpreting SBPR after exercise during physical assessment of healthy individuals.
Pengaruh Edukasi Audio Visual Menggunakan Grup WhatsApp terhadap Perilaku Etika Batuk pada Pasien Tb Paru
Authors: Prasetyo Niken Safitri Eko , Sarwili Indri , Lannasari
Published: August 2024

Kehidupan sehari-hari tanpa sadar faktor perilaku seperti reflek batuk yang tidak menutup mulut sering terjadi dan akibat yang ditimbulkan dari batuk dapat mengeluarkan dan menyebarkan bakteri terhadap orang sekitar. Sehingga perlunya pendidikan kesehatan dengan baik oleh petugas kesehatan dengan menggunakan leaflet namun media yang di gunakan belum maksimal menjelaskan mengenai tuberkulosis paru. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi audio visual menggunakan Grup WhatsApp terhadap perilaku etika batuk pada pasien TB Paru di Ruang Alamanda RSUD KiSA Kota Depok. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pasien TB Paru di RSUD KiSA Kota Depok Jawa Barat sebanyak 30 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif, dengan rancangan penelitian pre-experimental, dengan bentuk one group pretest-postest. Analisis statistik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah uji paired sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perubahan perilaku etika batuk pada pasien TB paru, dimana sebelum pemberian edukasi audio visual menggunakan Grup WhatsApp didapatkan sebagian besar responden memiliki perilaku etika batuk buruk (74%) dan sesudah pemberian edukasi sebagian besar responden memiliki perilaku etika batuk baik (76%). Hasi uji bivariat menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna perilaku etika batuk pasien Tb paru sebelum dan sesudah pemberian edukasi audio visual menggunakan Grup WhatsApp (nilai t hitung =  29,482; nilai p = 0 ,000). Hal ini dapat menjadi masukan bagi rumah sakit dalam melakukan edukasi etika batuk secara rutin.
Kedudukan Ombudsman Sebagai Lembaga Pengawasan Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Publik Dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia
Authors: Kartika Sari Fitri
Published: August 2024

Ombudsman memiliki kedudukan yang sejajar dengan lembaga-lembaga negara seperti yang dimuat dalam UUD 1945, Ombudsman memiliki perbedaan dengan lembaga pengawas lainnya yang terletak pada corporate culture. Lembaga Ombudsman dimanapun tidak diperbolehkan untuk menolak laporan masyarakat meskipun laporan tersebut lebih relevan dilayangkan kepada komisi lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitan yuridis normatif yang memfokuskan kajian terhadap penerapan kaidah-kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hal yang bersifat teoritis, asas, konsepsi, doktrin hukum, dan isi kaidah hukum positif dari Ombudsman. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa terjadinya benturan kewenangan Ombudsman dengan lembaga lainnya yang mengakibatkan pelayanan publik menjadi terhambat, dan terkait hubungannya dengan lembaga lainya memiliki hubungan yang erat, namun secara konstitusional, keberadaan Ombudsman sewaktu-waktu dapat dibubarkan. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpukan bahwa kewenangan Ombudsman dalam pengawasan pelayanan publik yang diselenggarakan oleh penyelenggara pelayanan publik belum begitu kuat. Serta Ombudsman perlu dicantumkan pada konstitusi sehingga menjadikan Ombudsman semakin kuat dan Ombudsman membutuhkan kewenangan yang lebih yaitu bukan hanya sebatas Rekomendasi tetapi juga sanksi.
Concursus Delictorum dalam Putusan Nomor 25/PID.B/2021/PN.BKO
Authors: Apriadi Bahri Rizki , Farhid Hidayah Maoren , Putri Zilvina
Published: August 2024

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Perkembangan kejahatan terutama tindak pidana pencurian semakin meningkat, suatu hal yang merupakan dampak negatif dari kemajuan yang telah dicapai oleh Negara Indonesia, dengan menggunakan Metode penelitian  normatif  yakni  mempelajari hukum dan demokrasi dalam hal mengkaji hukum  yang  sudah  ada dan  yang dikehendaki. Pendekatan yang   digunakan   dengan   pendekatan   konseptual   dan   pendekatan Perbandingan. Hasil penelitian yang didapat yaitu Pemahaman mendalam terhadap hukum dan proses peradilan pidana sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa keputusan yang diambil mencerminkan keadilan dan kepastian hukum. Peran asas kesalahan dan pembuktian yang cermat memastikan bahwa seseorang hanya dipidana jika benar-benar terbukti melakukan tindak pidana dengan unsur kesalahan. putusan 25/PID.B/2021/PN.BKO mencerminkan hasil dari pengkajian yuridis terhadap kasus pidana yang dilakukan oleh Terdakwa ZA. Pemahaman dan penerapan ketentuan-ketentuan pasal dalam KUHP menjadi landasan utama dalam menjatuhkan pidana, sambil memperhatikan keadilan bagi korban.
Tinjauan Yuridis Limbah Sampah Pasar Baru Bangko dalam Kajian Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia
Authors: Chandra Febrian , Yulia Tesa , Sapriani Geni , Gus Laura Zita , Wirantomas  , Amirullah M Aria
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengelolaan limbah sampah di Pasar Baru Bangko dalam konteks hukum lingkungan di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini mengevaluasi efektivitas regulasi, penegakan hukum, serta dampaknya terhadap kesehatan dan lingkungan setempat. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara kebijakan hukum lingkungan dan implementasinya di lapangan. Penegakan hukum yang belum optimal serta kurangnya kesadaran dan partisipasi masyarakat menjadi hambatan utama dalam pengelolaan limbah sampah di Pasar Baru Bangko. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan sosialisasi, penegakan peraturan, dan partisipasi masyarakat untuk mencapai pengelolaan sampah yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan.
Analyzing Financial Synergy Through Leland's (2007) Framework and Ensuring Shariah Compliance in Sukuk Issuance
Authors: Fakhrunnas, F  , Ahmad, MHS
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study is to determine whether issuing sukuk as part of separate financing of a project would increase the value of business. This study adopts Leland Framework (2007) to measure the impact of several variables in separate financing to the value of the firm. The findings revealed that changes in maturity period, tax rate, interest rate and standard deviation can bring similar or different effects depending on each variable. It can be concluded that the separate financing using hypothetical sukuk issuance has a positive effect on the firm. This is visible from the value of the change in optimally levered firm as well as firm value in this paper which both are positive. This shows that the variables above have an impact on the optimal capital structure as well as the results of structured financing. This study further proposes to modify Leland’s model (2007) by using a stochastic model rather than a static one, considering that some sukuk use a profit-sharing contract.
L’enseignement du terrain de recherche en Afrique en temps de pandémie
Authors: Mondain Nathalie
Published: August 2024

L’enseignement et l’apprentissage du terrain de recherche in situ constitue une valeur ajoutée dans le parcours des apprentis chercheurs en sciences sociales. Dans les sociétés africaines, marquées par l’histoire coloniale, la présence des apprenant.e.s et des enseignant.e.s-chercheur.e.s permet de mieux prendre conscience des rapports sociaux inégaux se manifestant sur le terrain. Avec la pandémie de Covid-19, l’enseignement du terrain de recherche s’est déroulé à distance, engendrant plusieurs défis pédagogiques relativement au rôle des intermédiaires locaux, aux modalités de mise en oeuvre des grands principes éthiques et aux relations de communication établies entre apprenti.e.s chercheur.e.s et participant.e.s. Les inégalités dans les rapports sociaux sur le terrain de recherche apparaissent d’autant plus clairement que les apprenant.e.s en ont une vision abstraite. Ces différents points seront abordés à partir de l’expérience d’un cours recherche de terrain durant la crise sanitaire 2020-2021 se déroulant au Sénégal avec des étudiants d’une université canadienne.
Differential increase of hippocampal subfield volume after socio-affective mental training relates to reductions in diurnal cortisol
Authors: Valk Sofie Louise , Engert Veronika , Puhlmann Lara , Linz Roman , Caldairou Benoit , Bernasconi Andrea , Bernasconi Neda , Bernhardt Boris C , Singer Tania
Published: August 2024

The hippocampus is a central modulator of the HPA-axis, impacting the regulation of stress on brain structure, function, and behavior. The current study assessed whether three different types of 3 months mental Training Modules geared towards nurturing (a) attention-based mindfulness, (b) socio-affective, or (c) socio-cognitive skills may impact hippocampal organization by reducing stress. We evaluated mental training-induced changes in hippocampal subfield volume and intrinsic functional connectivity, by combining longitudinal structural and resting-state fMRI connectivity analysis in 332 healthy adults. We related these changes to changes in diurnal and chronic cortisol levels. We observed increases in bilateral cornu ammonis volume (CA1-3) following the 3 months compassion-based module targeting socio-affective skills (Affect module), as compared to socio-cognitive skills (Perspective module) or a waitlist cohort with no training intervention. Structural changes were paralleled by relative increases in functional connectivity of CA1-3 when fostering socio-affective as compared to socio-cognitive skills. Furthermore, training-induced changes in CA1-3 structure and function consistently correlated with reductions in cortisol output. Notably, using a multivariate approach, we found that other subfields that did not show group-level changes also contributed to changes in cortisol levels. Overall, we provide a link between a socio-emotional behavioural intervention, changes in hippocampal subfield structure and function, and reductions in cortisol in healthy adults.
ThermoMaze: A behavioral paradigm for readout of immobility-related brain events
Authors: Vöröslakos Mihály , Zhang Yunchang , McClain Kathryn , Huszár Roman , Rothstein Aryeh , Buzsáki György
Published: August 2024

Brain states fluctuate between exploratory and consummatory phases of behavior. These state changes affect both internal computation and the organism’s responses to sensory inputs. Understanding neuronal mechanisms supporting exploratory and consummatory states and their switching requires experimental control of behavioral shifts and collecting sufficient amounts of brain data. To achieve this goal, we developed the ThermoMaze, which exploits the animal’s natural warmth-seeking homeostatic behavior. By decreasing the floor temperature and selectively heating unmarked areas, mice avoid the aversive state by exploring the maze and finding the warm spot. In its design, the ThermoMaze is analogous to the widely used water maze but without the inconvenience of a wet environment and, therefore, allows the collection of physiological data in many trials. We combined the ThermoMaze with electrophysiology recording, and report that spiking activity of hippocampal CA1 neurons during sharp-wave ripple events encode the position of the animal. Thus, place-specific firing is not confined to locomotion and associated theta oscillations but persist during waking immobility and sleep at the same location. The ThermoMaze will allow for detailed studies of brain correlates of immobility, preparatory-consummatory transitions and open new options for studying behavior-mediated temperature homeostasis.
Botulinum toxin intoxication requires retrograde transport and membrane translocation at the ER in RenVM neurons
Authors: Yeo Jeremy C , Tay Felicia P , Bennion Rebecca , Loss Omar , Maignel Jacquie , Pons Laurent , Foster Keith , Beard Matthew , Bard Frederic
Published: August 2024

Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is a highly potent proteolytic toxin specific for neurons with numerous clinical and cosmetic uses. After uptake at the synapse, the protein is proposed to translocate from synaptic vesicles to the cytosol through a self-formed channel. Surprisingly, we found that after intoxication proteolysis of a fluorescent reporter occurs in the neuron soma first and then centrifugally in neurites. To investigate the molecular mechanisms at play, we use a genome-wide siRNA screen in genetically engineered neurons and identify over three hundred genes. An organelle-specific split-mNG complementation indicates BoNT/A traffic from the synapse to the soma-localized Golgi in a retromer-dependent fashion. The toxin then moves to the ER and appears to require the Sec61 complex for retro-translocation to the cytosol. Our study identifies genes and trafficking processes hijacked by the toxin, revealing a new pathway mediating BoNT/A cellular toxicity.
Structure of the human heparan-α-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT)
Authors: Navratna Vikas , Kumar Arvind , Rana Jaimin K , Mosalaganti Shyamal
Published: August 2024

Degradation of heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) comprised of repeating units of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid, begins in the cytosol and is completed in the lysosomes. Acetylation of the terminal non-reducing amino group of α-D-glucosamine of HS is essential for its complete breakdown into monosaccharides and free sulfate. Heparan-α-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT), a resident of the lysosomal membrane, catalyzes this essential acetylation reaction by accepting and transferring the acetyl group from cytosolic acetyl-CoA to terminal α-D-glucosamine of HS in the lysosomal lumen. Mutation-induced dysfunction in HGSNAT causes abnormal accumulation of HS within the lysosomes and leads to an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder called mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC (MPS IIIC). There are no approved drugs or treatment strategies to cure or manage the symptoms of, MPS IIIC. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine a high-resolution structure of the HGSNAT-acetyl-CoA complex, the first step in the HGSNAT-catalyzed acetyltransferase reaction. In addition, we map the known MPS IIIC mutations onto the structure and elucidate the molecular basis for mutation-induced HGSNAT dysfunction.
On the pH-dependence of α-synuclein amyloid polymorphism and the role of secondary nucleation in seed-based amyloid propagation
Authors: Frey Lukas , Ghosh Dhiman , Qureshi Bilal M , Rhyner David , Guerrero-Ferreira Ricardo , Pokharna Aditya , Kwiatkowski Witek , Serdiuk Tetiana , Picotti Paola , Riek Roland , Greenwald Jason
Published: August 2024

The aggregation of the protein α-synuclein is closely associated with several neurodegenerative disorders and as such the structures of the amyloid fibril aggregates have high scientific and medical significance. However, there are dozens of unique atomic-resolution structures of these aggregates, and such a highly polymorphic nature of the α-synuclein fibrils hampers efforts in disease-relevant in vitro studies on α-synuclein amyloid aggregation. In order to better understand the factors that affect polymorph selection, we studied the structures of α-synuclein fibrils in vitro as a function of pH and buffer using cryo-EM helical reconstruction. We find that in the physiological range of pH 5.8–7.4, a pH-dependent selection between Type 1, 2, and 3 polymorphs occurs. Our results indicate that even in the presence of seeds, the polymorph selection during aggregation is highly dependent on the buffer conditions, attributed to the non-polymorph-specific nature of secondary nucleation. We also uncovered two new polymorphs that occur at pH 7.0 in phosphate-buffered saline. The first is a monofilament Type 1 fibril that highly resembles the structure of the juvenile-onset synucleinopathy polymorph found in patient-derived material. The second is a new Type 5 polymorph that resembles a polymorph that has been recently reported in a study that used diseased tissues to seed aggregation. Taken together, our results highlight the shallow amyloid energy hypersurface that can be altered by subtle changes in the environment, including the pH which is shown to play a major role in polymorph selection and in many cases appears to be the determining factor in seeded aggregation. The results also suggest the possibility of producing disease-relevant structure in vitro.
Insights into metabolic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer gained from fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Komarova Anastasia D , Sinyushkina Snezhana D , Shchechkin Ilia D , Druzhkova Irina N , Smirnova Sofia A , Terekhov Vitaliy M , Mozherov Artem M , Ignatova Nadezhda I , Nikonova Elena E , Shirshin Evgeny A , Shimolina Liubov E , Gamayunov Sergey V , Shcheslavskiy Vladislav I , Shirmanova Marina V
Published: August 2024

Heterogeneity of tumor metabolism is an important, but still poorly understood aspect of tumor biology. Present work is focused on the visualization and quantification of cellular metabolic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of redox cofactor NAD(P)H. FLIM-microscopy of NAD(P)H was performed in vitro in four cancer cell lines (HT29, HCT116, CaCo2 and CT26), in vivo in the four types of colorectal tumors in mice and ex vivo in patients’ tumor samples. The dispersion and bimodality of the decay parameters were evaluated to quantify the intercellular metabolic heterogeneity. Our results demonstrate that patients’ colorectal tumors have significantly higher heterogeneity of energy metabolism compared with cultured cells and tumor xenografts, which was displayed as a wider and frequently bimodal distribution of a contribution of a free (glycolytic) fraction of NAD(P)H within a sample. Among patients’ tumors, the dispersion was larger in the high-grade and early stage ones, without, however, any association with bimodality. These results indicate that cell-level metabolic heterogeneity assessed from NAD(P)H FLIM has a potential to become a clinical prognostic factor.
Senescent cells inhibit mouse myoblast differentiation via the SASP-lipid 15d-PGJ2 mediated modification and control of HRas
Authors: Pundlik Swarang Sachin , Barik Alok , Venkateshvaran Ashwin , Sahoo Snehasudha Subhadarshini , Jaysingh Mahapatra Anshuman , Math Raviswamy GH , Lal Heera , Hashmi Maroof Athar , Ramanathan Arvind
Published: August 2024

Senescent cells are characterized by multiple features such as increased expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA β-gal) and cell cycle inhibitors such as p21 or p16. They accumulate with tissue damage and dysregulate tissue homeostasis. In the context of skeletal muscle, it is known that agents used for chemotherapy such as Doxorubicin (Doxo) cause buildup of senescent cells, leading to the inhibition of tissue regeneration. Senescent cells influence the neighboring cells via numerous secreted factors which form the senescence-associated secreted phenotype (SASP). Lipids are emerging as a key component of SASP that can control tissue homeostasis. Arachidonic acid-derived lipids have been shown to accumulate within senescent cells, specifically 15d-PGJ2, which is an electrophilic lipid produced by the non-enzymatic dehydration of the prostaglandin PGD2. This study shows that 15d-PGJ2 is also released by Doxo-induced senescent cells as an SASP factor. Treatment of skeletal muscle myoblasts with the conditioned medium from these senescent cells inhibits myoblast fusion during differentiation. Inhibition of L-PTGDS, the enzyme that synthesizes PGD2, diminishes the release of 15d-PGJ2 by senescent cells and restores muscle differentiation. We further show that this lipid post-translationally modifies Cys184 of HRas in C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblasts, causing a reduction in the localization of HRas to the Golgi, increased HRas binding to Ras Binding Domain (RBD) of RAF Kinase (RAF-RBD), and activation of cellular Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) kinase–Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase (Erk) signaling (but not the Akt signaling). Mutating C184 of HRas prevents the ability of 15d-PGJ2 to inhibit the differentiation of muscle cells and control the activity of HRas. This work shows that 15d-PGJ2 released from senescent cells could be targeted to restore muscle homeostasis after chemotherapy.
Sex-dependent, lateralized engagement of anterior insular cortex inputs to the dorsolateral striatum in binge alcohol drinking
Authors: Haggerty David L , Atwood Brady K
Published: August 2024

How does alcohol consumption alter synaptic transmission across time, and do these alcohol-induced neuroadaptations occur similarly in both male and female mice? Previously we identified that anterior insular cortex (AIC) projections to the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) are uniquely sensitive to alcohol-induced neuroadaptations in male, but not female mice, and play a role in governing binge alcohol consumption in male mice (Haggerty et al., 2022). Here, by using high-resolution behavior data paired with in-vivo fiber photometry, we show how similar levels of alcohol intake are achieved via different behavioral strategies across sexes, and how inter-drinking session thirst states predict future alcohol intakes in females, but not males. Furthermore, we show how presynaptic calcium activity recorded from AIC synaptic inputs in the DLS across 3 weeks of water consumption followed by 3 weeks of binge alcohol consumption changes across, fluid, time, sex, and brain circuit lateralization. By time-locking presynaptic calcium activity from AIC inputs to the DLS to peri-initiation of drinking events we also show that AIC inputs into the left DLS robustly encode binge alcohol intake behaviors relative to water consumption. These findings suggest a fluid-, sex-, and lateralization-dependent role for the engagement of AIC inputs into the DLS that encode binge alcohol consumption behaviors and further contextualize alcohol-induced neuroadaptations at AIC inputs to the DLS.
A facial expression recognition network based on attention double branch enhanced fusion
Authors: Wang Wenming , Jia Min
Published: August 2024

The facial expression reflects a person’s emotion, cognition, and even physiological or mental state to a large extent. It has important application value in medical treatment, business, criminal investigation, education, and human-computer interaction. Automatic facial expression recognition technology has become an important research topic in computer vision. To solve the problems of insufficient feature extraction, loss of local key information, and low accuracy in facial expression recognition, this article proposes a facial expression recognition network based on attention double branch enhanced fusion. Two parallel branches are used to capture global enhancement features and local attention semantics respectively, and the fusion and complementarity of global and local information is realized through decision-level fusion. The experimental results show that the features extracted by the network are made more complete by fusing and enhancing the global and local features. The proposed method achieves 89.41% and 88.84% expression recognition accuracy on the natural scene face expression datasets RAF-DB and FERPlus, respectively, which is an excellent performance compared with many current methods and demonstrates the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed network model.
Marine catfishes (Ariidae—Siluriformes) from the Coastal Amazon: mitochondrial DNA barcode for a recent diversification group?
Authors: Lutz Ítalo , Martins Thais , Santana Paula , Ferreira Charles , Miranda Josy , Matos Suane , Muhala Valdemiro , Sampaio Iracilda , Vallinoto Marcelo , Evangelista-Gomes Grazielle
Published: August 2024

Background

Ariidae species play a significant role as fishing resources in the Amazon region. However, the family’s systematic classification is notably challenging, particularly regarding species delimitation within certain genera. This difficulty arises from pronounced morphological similarities among species, posing obstacles to accurate species recognition.

Methods

Following morphological identification, mitochondrial markers (COI and Cytb) were employed to assess the diversity of Ariidae species in the Amazon.

Results

Our sampling efforts yielded 12 species, representing 92% of the coastal Amazon region’s diversity. Morphological identification findings were largely corroborated by molecular data, particularly for species within the Sciades and Bagre genera. Nonetheless, despite morphological support, Cathorops agassizii and Cathorops spixii displayed minimal genetic divergence (0.010). Similarly, Notarius quadriscutis and Notarius phrygiatus formed a single clade with no genetic divergence, indicating mitochondrial introgression. For the majority of taxa examined, both COI and Cytb demonstrated efficacy as DNA barcodes, with Cytb exhibiting greater polymorphism and resolution. Consequently, the molecular tools utilized proved highly effective for species discrimination and identification.
Quantifying and analysing the angular momentum in volleyball jump serve during the aerial phase: relationship to arm swing speed
Authors: Liu Lingjun , Chen Zhenxiang , Zhao Defeng , Tan Zhizong , Qi Yaqian
Published: August 2024

Background

In volleyball, the jump serve is a crucial and commonly used serving technique. Nonetheless, the angular momentum developed during the jump serve remains unexplored. The objectives of the current study were to determine the angular momentum manifesting during the airborne phase of the jump serve and to analyse the correlations between the angular momentum variables and arm swing speed.

Methods

Three-dimensional coordinate data were obtained during the jump serves of 17 professional male volleyball players. Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to identify the angular momentum variables linked to the arm swing speed at ball impact (BI).

Results

The arm swing speed at BI exhibited significant correlations with the peak angular momentum of the attack arm (r = 0.551, p = 0.024), non-attack arm (r = 0.608, p = 0.011), non-attack leg (r = −0.516, p = 0.034), forearm (r = 0.527, p = 0.032), and hand (r = 0.824, p < 0.001). A stepwise regression model (R2 = 0.35, p = 0.043) predicted arm swing speed based on the peak angular momentum of the non-attack leg, forearm, and hand.

Conclusions

The study results suggest that during the arm-acceleration phase, (1) increasing angular momentum with the non-attack leg helps maintain aerial body balance, thereby enhancing arm swing execution, and (2) controlling the magnitude and timing of the force exerted by the elbow and wrist is crucial for effectively transmitting angular momentum, contributing to an increase in arm swing speed.
Activity based trip generation model for Mulanthuruthy Grama Panchayat
Authors: Aadil A Salim  , Arya P  , Pranav A  , Jesna N M  , Keerthy Sabu
Published: August 2024

Systematic approaches to traffic problems could easily lead to efficient transport systems. In the case of the panchayat of Mulanthuruthy situated in south-eastern suburb of the city of Kochi in Kerala, the demand for travel gradually increases each year. In the coming years, current traffic systems may not be able to fully cover this growing mandate. Trip Generation is the first step in the Sequential Demand Modelling arrangement which is also called as the Four Step Transportation Planning Process (FSTP). The goal of trip generation modelling is to predict the number of trips, by purpose, that are generated in a study area. This paper focuses on factors influencing trip generation and to create a trip generation model for Mulanthuruthy Grama Panchayat. From the questionnaire household survey was conducted, correlation between variables and number of trip generated and cross tabulation of purpose and mode of transport is done
Experimental investigation on properties of concrete with rice husk ash and water hyacinth ash
Authors: Nibin Varghese  , Dr. Vasudev R
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this experimental investigation is to study the properties of concrete with Ricehusk ash (RHA) and Water hyacintha ash (WHA) when used as a partial replacement for cement. Ricehusk ash is a by- product of thermally treating rice husks. It is highly pozzolanic and has been used as a partial replacement for cement in concrete production and Water hyacinth grows vigorously in ponds and doubles the quantity within two weeks. The studies have been done to evaluate water hyacinth ash in the replacement of cement. This study seeks to determine the effect of RHA and WHA on the strength and other properties of concrete. To conduct this investigation, a series of concrete mixtures were prepared with various percentages of RHA (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) for finding the optimum percentage. To the optimum concrete made with rice husk ash different percentage of cement is replaced with water hyacinth ash (5%,10%,15%,20%) and the optimum is obtained. The mix proportions were determined according to the standards. The mixtures were then tested to determine the compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete. The results of the investigation showed that the replacement of cement by RHA enhanced the strength properties of concrete in 15% replacement of cement with RHA shows the maximum compressive strength value. The replacement of cement by WHA 10% with optimum RHA 15% enhanced the strength properties of concrete. Replacement of cement by 10% WHA with optimum RHA shows the maximum compressive and tensile value.
An Evaluation of Anti-hyperlipidemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of (Asparagus racemosus) Leaves on High Fat Diet Induced Hyper Lipidemic Rat Model
Authors: Sagir Shabira , Toha Ikram Wahid , Chowdhury Md. Tanvir , Barai Sampa , Mamun Abdullah Al , Rahman Towsifur
Published: August 2024

Traditional medicine, according to the World Health Organization, encompasses the knowledge, skills, and practices derived from the theories, beliefs, and experiences of various cultures. It is used to maintain health and prevent, diagnose, improve, or treat physical and mental illnesses. The liver is an essential organ for human metabolism, however; eating excessive high-fat foods can cause hyperlipidemia, a frequent chronic condition. Current hyperlipidemia medications, such as statins, have serious side effects and are inexpensive. Researchers are looking for alternative, natural medicines, and one such possibility is the plant Asparagus racemosus, which has long been utilized in Asia continent for its medicinal benefits. This research examined the effects of Asparagus racemosus extract on lipid profiles in rats that had developed hyperlipidemia due to a high-fat diet. Neither the SGPT nor SGOT values yielded statistically significant findings (p<0.05) in the liver function test. The renal function test revealed that there was no significant statistical variation in the levels of urea. Nevertheless, the examination of the creatinine levels revealed statistically significant outcomes (p< 0.05) in groups 5 and 6, where the dosage of high fat and extract administered was 600 and 900 mg/kg, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 showed statistically significant results (p<0.05) for high-density lipoprotein (HDL); however, only group 6 produced statistically significant outcomes (p<0.05) for low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Groups 5 and 6 were given dosages of 600 and 900 mg/kg, respectively. There was a significant statistical difference (p<0.05) in the triglyceride levels between groups 5 and 6. The data referring to total cholesterol levels did not demonstrate any statistical significance. Additionally, this study included an investigation of the effects of an ethanolic extract of Asparagus racemosus on lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic rats.