bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causality between economic growth and unemployment in East African countries
Authors:   Kampala International University (Main Campus), Uganda., Muhereza T. Franklin , Kibuuka Muhammad ,   Kampala International University (Main Campus), Uganda., Mutenyo John ,   Kampala International University (Main Campus), Uganda., Mugume Tom ,   Kampala International University (Main Campus), Uganda., Ocan Patrick ,   Kampala International University (Main Campus), Uganda., Dayo Benedict Olanipekun ,   Kampala International University (Main Campus), Uganda., Abuga Isaac Mokono ,   Kampala International University (Main Campus), Uganda.
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on the factors determining economic growth and unemployment in East African countries from 1990 to 2020. Panel data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test and Pesaran-Shin unit-root tests were employed. In addition, fixed effects and random-effects GLS regression models were utilised. The Granger causality test, which employs the Panel VECM model, evaluated the direction of causality. The Panel VECM model demonstrated that economic growth impacts unemployment in both the short and long term; however, unemployment does not Granger-cause economic growth. The government's policies should prioritise promoting economic development and reducing unemployment, as this will inevitably result in a decrease in unemployment. Efforts to combat unemployment that do not prioritise economic development will be less effective. Unemployment reduction will be more effective because of initiatives to stimulate economic development.
Exploring challenges and opportunities: A comparative assessment of workflow efficiency in the registry departments of Nigerian Polytechnics
Authors:   Department of Office Technology and Management, School of Management Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Ayede, Oyo State, Nigeria, Aliu Zainul Abideen , Lawal Imran Babatunde ,   Department of Office Technology and Management, School of Management Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Ayede, Oyo State, Nigeria, Taiwo Omoleye Adebayo ,   Department of Office Technology and Management, School of Communication and Information Science, Federal Polytechnic Ede, Osun State, Nigeria, Olubato Felicia Yemisi ,   Department of Office Technology and Management, School of Communication and Information Science, Federal Polytechnic Ede, Osun State, Nigeria, Akinlolu Olawale Akinpade ,   Registry Department, Federal Polytechnic Ayede, Oyo State, Nigeria
Published: February 2025

This study explores challenges and opportunities associated with workflow efficiency in registry departments of Nigerian polytechnics. Recognizing the pivotal role these departments play in the overall administrative framework; the research aims to identify factors influencing operational effectiveness and service delivery. A comparative analysis of selected polytechnics reveals significant disparities in workflow processes, primarily attributable to varying levels of technological integration, bureaucratic hurdles and resource allocation. The findings indicate that inefficiencies in registry departments not only hinder institutional performance but also adversely affect student satisfaction and administrative accountability. By adopting a multi-faceted approach that includes technological enhancements, process reengineering and staff training, the study proposes actionable strategies to mitigate identified challenges however leverage opportunities for improvement. Because this research addresses critical issues, it underscores the importance of effective management in educational institutions. Although the complexities of implementation may pose difficulties, the potential benefits are substantial. Ultimately, this research contributes to the discourse on administrative efficiency in higher education; it provides valuable insights for policymakers and institutional leaders. Striving to optimize performance of registry departments in Nigerian polytechnics, however, presents challenges. Although the findings are significant, they must be contextualized within broader frameworks. This is crucial because understanding the intricacies of such systems is essential for effective implementation.
Harnessing indigenous knowledge and modern technology for sustainable development in Southwest Nigeria: addressing environmental challenges
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Federal Polytechnic Ayede, Oyo State, Tijani Saheed Abiodun , Aliu Zainul Abideen ,   Department of Office Technology and Management, Federal Polytechnic Ayede, Oyo State, Ajao Lateef Kolapo ,   Directorate of Procurement, Federal Polytechnic Ayede, Oyo State, Taiwo Omoleye Adebayo ,   Department of Office Technology and Management, Federal Polytechnic Ede, Osun State, Oyinloye Shakirat Abolaji ,   Department of Tourism Management Technology, Federal Polytechnic Ayede, Oyo State
Published: February 2025

In Southwest Nigeria, combining traditional wisdom with modern technology may help solve environmental problems and promote sustainable development. This study investigates if Southwest Nigeria can use traditional knowledge and modern technology to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable development. The research examines existing literature and empirical data to examine Southwest Nigeria's unique environmental circumstances, including deforestation, soil degradation, and water shortages. The research examines local people' rich indigenous knowledge systems and their role in sustainable resource management and environmental protection. Digital platforms, remote sensing, and renewable energy solutions may help indigenous knowledge-based environmental solutions, according to the study. The essay uses case studies from Southwest Nigeria and other places to demonstrate how indigenous knowledge and modern technology may achieve sustainable development. The research examines the pros and cons of merging indigenous knowledge with modern technology, including cultural preservation, accessibility, and equitable participation. The report recommends ways to promote indigenous knowledge and contemporary technology in Southwest Nigeria's environmental management and sustainable development programmes. It emphasizes community participation, multidisciplinary interaction, and policy support. Combining traditional wisdom with modern technology may help Southwest Nigeria overcome environmental challenges and progress towards sustainability.
Information communication technology (ICT) and Womenpreneurship in Nigeria
Authors:   College of Economics and Management, Kampala International University (Main Campus), Uganda, Email: dania-ndidi@kiu.ac.ug, Dania Evelyn Ndidi , Muhereza Franklin ,   Department of Economics, College of Economics and Management, Kampala International University (Main Campus), Uganda, Ssekajugo Derrick ,   Department of Economics, College of Economics and Management, Kampala International University (Main Campus), Uganda, Dayo Benedict Olanipekun ,   Department of Economics, College of Economics and Management, Kampala International University (Main Campus), Uganda
Published: February 2025

Women are gaining information on economic activities in the world and acquiring ways to deal with them through modern and traditional ICT. One of the study objectives is to determine the impact of ICT on womenpreneurship in Edo State, Nigeria. The study was guided by four research objectives and hypotheses. This study adopted the survey design. The target population for the study consists of womenpreneurs beneficiaries of the 2023 Edo Cares in conjunction with NG Cares, Bank of Industry, and SMEDAN Entrepreneurship Empowerment Grant (EPG). The sample size is three hundred (300) beneficiaries in the scheme. The study used content validity and Cronbach alpha statistic which yielded a coefficient of 0.83(83%). Source of data was questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested at 5% significant level using one-sample T-statistic. The results revealed that the level of ICT integration by the womenpreneurs was significant. Also, the results revealed that ICT adoption has significantly increased productivity, and market access and reduced the cost of transactions of womenpreneurs in Edo State. The study recommended that the government in the state should improve the infrastructural base for easy access to ICT and womenpreneurs should embrace ICT and integrate it to grow and sustain their businesses.
Analyzing the trade creation and diversion impacts of regional trade agreements in Africa
Authors:   Department of Economics and Applied Statistics, College of Economics and Management, Kampala International University (Main Campus), Uganda, Anjande Gbatsoron , Ssentamu Ismail ,   Department of Economics and Applied Statistics, College of Economics and Management, Kampala International University (Main Campus), Uganda
Published: February 2025

Regional trade agreements (RTAs) have been expanding globally, and Africa is no exception. RTAs are considered a crucial strategy for transforming Africa’s fragmented small economies. As a result, of numerous multilateral trade agreements in different regions of Africa. This study explores the trade creation and trade diversion effects associated with regional trade agreements (RTAs) in Africa. By employing gravity models, it analyzes trade data from 42 African countries across 11 RTAs, utilizing an updated bilateral trade dataset developed from the IMF's Direction of Trade Statistics. The research evaluates the impact of RTAs on trade between member countries by comparing parameter estimates from different models and applying ordinary least squares (OLS) regression techniques. The results reveal that the establishment of these RTAs. It utilizes gravity models to analyze trade data from 42 African countries and 11 RTAs, building A revised bilateral trade dataset compiled using the IMF's Direction of Trade Statistics. The study compares and analyzes parameter estimates from various models that assess the impact of RTAs on partner trade, using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Findings from the research show that even though the formation of these RTAs has contributed to increased trade in the African region, trade among the different agreements remains relatively low.
Assessment of communication tools on Small and Medium Scale performance in Ibadan Metropolis
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, O. A. Bankole , C. F. Ogundipe ,   Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Published: February 2025

Research in the Ibadan metropolitan area looked at how SMEs' use of communication technologies affected their productivity. The effects of verbal, nonverbal, written, and face-to-face communication on the efficiency and productivity of SMEs are investigated in this study. The study's methodology was based on descriptive surveys. Small and medium-sized business owners and managers in the Abeokuta metropolitan area made up the study's population. There were 225 participants in the study. The Yamane sampling model was employed in this investigation. Using a well-designed questionnaire, the study's primary data were gathered. The target respondents were surveyed using a questionnaire. A regression model was used to assess the gathered data. Researchers found that SMEs performed better when they were able to communicate effectively using face-to-face, telephone, written, and nonverbal means. Researchers in the Ibadan metropolitan region discovered that SMEs' productivity is affected by the communication tools they use.
El aborto
Authors: Cárdenas Jaramillo Víctor
Published: February 2025

Con el propósito de presentar un debate sobre el aborto ante el Congreso de Colombia, el autor hace un recuento histórico sobre los orígenes del mismo, luego analiza las diversas clases de abortos y los factores que inciden en las diferentes legislaciones sobre el tema. Concluye con un análisis exhaustivo sobre el proyecto en su totalidad.
Neįgaliųjų integracija į darbo rinką: padėties vertinimas ir užimtumo didinimo galimybės
Authors: Okunevičiūtė Neverauskienė Laima
Published: February 2025

Viena iš probleminių darbo rinkos grupių yra neįgalūs žmonės. Darbingo amžiaus neįgaliųjų socialinei integracijai ir mobilumui darbo rinkoje ypač yra svarbus aktyvumo didėjimas, kurį galima vertinti remiantis vykstančiais pokyčiais. Analizuojant neįgaliųjų padėties darbo rinkoje kaitą reikšmingi statistikos duomenys. Trūksta aktualios informacijos apie tiriamą grupę, o vertinant padėtį darbo rinkoje paprastai apsiribojamatik Lietuvos darbo biržos duomenimis. Šiame straipsnyje vertinama neįgaliųjų padėtis darbo rinkoje ir integracijos į Lietuvos darbo rinką galimybės, analizuojamos neįgaliųjų užimtumo politikos priemonės. Analizė pagrįsta moksline literatūra, statistikos duomenimis, atliktų specialių tyrimų (neįgaliųjų sociologinių apklausų) rezultatais.
Hemithyroidectomy Versus Total Thyroidectomy for Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Chinese Nationwide Large-Scale Cohort Study
Authors: Shi Xiao , Shen Cenkai , Liu Chuqiao , Zhang Likun , Du Yuxin , Zhang Hao , Liu Hongwei , Wang Jianbiao , Chen Chuang , Wu Yijun , Zhang Chunyan , Li Zimeng , Tang Haitao , Yin Min , Mao Xiaoqi , Liu Shuyi , Sun Yaoting , Zhou Yan , Wei Wenjun , Huang Naisi , Wang Zhihong , Gui Zhiqiang , Liu Hanqing , Wang Jiaxi , Li Jian , Li Cuiwei , Xiang Shiyu , Guo Liang , Zhang Yan , He Yi , Guo Tiannan , Ji Qinghai , Liu Zhiyan , Wang Yu
Published: February 2025

Background: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare thyroid malignancy, with 70% to 80% of cases being sporadic (sMTC). Current guidelines recommend total thyroidectomy (TT) for all preoperatively suspicious sMTC, though there has been increasing support for reducing the surgical extent in recent years. However, relevant data are limited. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the safety of hemithyroidectomy (HT) in sMTC. Patients and Methods: This study included 797 patients with MTC who received curative-intent initial surgery at 19 participating referral centers. Genetic testing was performed to identify disease heredity. We evaluated the safety of HT in sMTC across 5 aspects: (1) prevalence of occult bilateral foci, (2) prevalence of contralateral lobe recurrence, (3) biochemical response, (4) structural recurrence-free survival (SRFS), and (5) overall survival (OS). Results: Of the 797 patients, 648 were genetically confirmed as having sMTC. HT and TT were performed as the index surgery in 232 (35.8%) and 416 (64.2%) patients, respectively. In the TT group, bilateral foci were found in 34 (8.2%) patients, of whom only 10 (2.4%) had sonographically occult foci, and of these, only 3 (0.72%) had a maximal tumor size ≤2 cm. In the HT group, only 1.7% (4/232) had recurrence in the preserved lobe, with only 1 (0.43%) having a maximal tumor size ≤2 cm. After propensity score matching, 230 pairs of patients were included in further analysis. No significant differences were found in OS (log-rank: P=.484; Cox regression: P=.380), SRFS (log-rank: P=.914; Cox regression: P=.309), or biochemical response (chi-square: P=.744; logistic regression: P=.818) between the 2 groups. Subgroup analyses showed that HT conferred comparable structural and biochemical outcomes with TT in small (≤2 cm) sMTCs, even for patients with high-risk factors such as high preoperative calcitonin, multifocal disease, lymph node metastases, RETM918T mutation, and desmoplasia. Conclusions: For small unilateral sMTCs, HT may be considered an alternative treatment that does not compromise prognosis while avoiding additional complications associated with TT.
Reconstruction of chronic acromioclavicular dislocation with subacromial hook plate and reinforced collagen implant: A surgical technique with histological evaluation
Authors: Colbath Gregory , German Emily , Schwartzman Wolfgang , Mercuri Jeremy , Momaya Amit , Karas Spero , Pill Stephan , Stone Cooper
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The most common cause for separation of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint is from a direct force to the shoulder. Injury to the ligaments that surround and stabilize the AC joint leads to shoulder separation with displacement of the acromion and coracoid process with respect to the clavicle. Numerous surgical techniques have been described, but complications are still common with loss of reduction and hardware failure as the most common reasons for decreased patient satisfaction and need for revision. We describe our initial results of an AC joint reconstruction technique with subacromial hook plate fixation combined with a bioinductive collagen structural scaffold which allows for a stable and anatomic restoration of the AC joint.

Case Report

Patient is a 52 male who presented after a traumatic injury to the right shoulder with a symptomatic chronic grade 5 AC separation. After failed conservative care, he was treated with reconstruction of the AC coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments with the BioBrace® (CONMED Corporation, Largo, FL) bioinductive implant and a hook plate. The patient returned 3 months later for planned hook plate removal and was followed for 7 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

A combination technique utilizing hook plate fixation augmented with a bioinductive collagen implant was successfully used to treat a chronic AC separation. Histologic analysis of the harvested BioBrace® tissue at the time of hook plate removal at 3 months from index procedure demonstrates ideal and favorable host tissue incorporation with neocollagen tissue and remodeling of the BioBrace® implant. This is the first reported histologic analysis of BioBrace® following human implantation.
As terminacións -anam e -anas en galego
Authors: Alonso Núñez Aquilino Santiago
Published: February 2025

In this work we study the results of the endings -ANAM and -ANAS in the municipality of Castrelo do Val, in the region of Verín, in the context of Galician and in the Galician-Portuguese dialect continuum. The data were obtained from our field research, ALGa, ALPI, NEnq and other research on Galician and Portuguese. We conclude that the reduction of the plural ending (-áns ˃ -ás) was firstly achieved by eliminating the final consonant in the singular form (-án ˃ -á). This explains why the westernising form -ns occupies a smaller territory than the singular variant -án. Changes recorded between the ALPI, ALGa, and NEnq surveys are small, and they show that there is a lot of linguistic continuity from 1934 to 2008, allowing us to see that the plural ending -ás and the singular form -á are slowly but surely gaining ground.

Neste traballo estúdanse os resultados das terminacións -ANAM e -ANAS no concello de Castrelo do Val, na comarca verinesa, no conxunto do galego e no continuum dialectal galegoportugués. Os datos foron obtidos dunha indagación de campo propia, do ALGa, do ALPI, da NEnq e doutras investigacións sobre o galego e o portugués. Conclúese que a redución da terminación plural (-áns ˃ -ás) se deu primeiro cá eliminación da consoante final no singular (-án -˃ á). Isto explica que a forma occidentalizante -ns ocupe un territorio menor có da variante singular -án. Os cambios rexistrados entre as enquisas do ALPI, do ALGa e da NEnq son pequenos, mostran que hai moita continuidade lingüística de 1934 a 2008 e permiten ver que a terminación plural -ás e a singular -á gañan terreo moi devagar.
O teatro galego durante o franquismo: o Premio Castelao (1964-1967)
Authors: López Teresa
Published: February 2025

The Castelao Prize was organized in 1964 by the Agrupación Cultural O Galo, formed by students from the University of Santiago de Compostela, as a reaction to the absence of a Galician language category in the II National University Theatre Prize organized by the SEU. In order to obtain the prize money, a popular campaign, the Campaña do Peso, was organized. The prize will be awarded four times and will attract the support of the new generations but also of those coming from the republican galeguismo now organized in the Galaxia group. The contest will be linked to the strategy of institutionalization of Galician culture articulated around the Día das Letras Galegas, created in 1963. The research on the Castelao Prize also allows us to discover unpublished and unrepresented works, and thus complete the history of Galician theater during Franco's regime.

O Premio Castelao foi convocado en 1964 pola Agrupación Cultural O Galo, constituída por estudantado universitario compostelán, como reacción á ausencia dunha modalidade en lingua galega no II Premio Nacional de Teatro Universitario convocado polo SEU. Para conseguir a dotación do premio organizouse unha cuestación popular, a Campaña do Peso. O premio terá catro convocatorias e concitará a adhesión das novas xeracións mais tamén das provenientes do galeguismo republicano organizadas agora no grupo Galaxia. O certame vincularase á estratexia de institucionalización da cultura galega articulada arredor do Día das Letras Galegas, creado en 1963. A investigación sobre o Premio Castelao permite tamén descubrir obras inéditas e non representadas, e completar así a historia do teatro galego durante o franquismo.
Cabrera Infante y la virtud de parodiar en Tres Tristes Tigres
Authors: Adsuar Fernández Maria Dolores
Published: February 2025

In 1996, the Cuban writer Guillermo Cabrera Infante exposes his ars poetica: an exposition of reasons and a confession, the exercise of parody as a defining style, something that can be seen in all of his literary work. Based on Linda Hutcheon's postulates on parody, and in connection with the pastiches of Marcel Proust, the work of Bustrófedon is shown as a purgative and exorcising virtue for Cabrera Infante, where play, humour and “criticism in action” challenge established conventions and facilitate the entertainment of author and reader.

En 1996, el escritor cubano Guillermo Cabrera Infante expone su ars poética: una exposición de motivos y una confesión, el ejercicio de la parodia como estilo definitorio, algo que se constata en el conjunto de su obra literaria. A partir de los postulados de Linda Hutcheon sobre la parodia, y en conexión con los pastiches de Marcel Proust, se muestra la labor de Bustrófedon como una virtud purgativa y exorcizante para Cabrera Infante, donde el juego, el humor y la “crítica en acción” desafían las convenciones establecidas y facilitan el entretenimiento de autor y lector.
Réalité féminine et fantasme poétique : Nerval entre critique littéraire et statistique lexicale
Authors: El-Himer Mohamed
Published: February 2025

The objective of this contribution consists of a quantitative evaluation of a qualitative analysis previously conducted by Alice Machado in 2006. Her work concluded, indeed, that the feminine representations depicted within the literary work of Gérard de Nerval, entitled Voyage in the Orient, remain inaccessible.
By mobilizing the Hyperbase software, developed by Professor Étienne Brunet, we seek to demonstrate, in an irrefutable and quantified manner, that the feminine reality so coveted by the author ultimately reveals itself to be elusive. This reality would find its exclusive expression only within the meanders of dreams, legendary tales, and myths.
The application of the Bravais-Pearson correlation method will proceed with the aggregation of the lexical items associated with the key terms "woman" and "love." This will allow us to highlight the terms they attract, as well as those they repel, thus completing the demonstration of the unattainable nature of the feminine representations within this work.

L'objectif de cette contribution consiste en une évaluation quantitative d'une analyse qualitative, menée précédemment par Alice Machado en 2006. Celle-ci conclue, en effet, que les représentations féminines dépeintes au sein de l'œuvre littéraire de Gérard de Nerval, intitulée Voyage en Orient, demeurent inaccessibles.
En mobilisant le logiciel Hyperbase, développé par le Professeur Étienne Brunet, nous cherchons à démontrer, de manière irréfutable et chiffrée, que la réalité féminine tant convoitée par l'auteur se révèle, in fine, insaisissable. Celle-ci ne trouverait dès lors son expression exclusive que dans les méandres du rêve, les récits légendaires et les mythes.
L’application de la méthode de corrélation de Bravais-Pearson procédera à l'agrégation des vocables associés aux mots-pôles que sont «femme» et «amour». Cela nous permettra ainsi de mettre en exergue les termes qu'ils attirent, de même que ceux qu'ils repoussent, parachevant ainsi la démonstration de l'inatteignable nature des représentations féminines au sein de cette œuvre.
Las últimas cifras de Margarita de Parma en su primer gobierno de los Países Bajos (1566)
Authors: Florio Nicola
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to analyze in depth the underlying linguistic structure and strategies identified in the last two ciphers used by Margaret of Parma, governor of the Netherlands, in her private Italian letters to Philip II during 1566, a decisive year of social, religious and economic conflicts in the territories of Flanders. The study presents and compares the main features of the general cipher and the private cipher contemporarily used by Margaret of Parma in the private Italian letters she sent to Philip II during that year: two cryptographic systems comprising complex combinations of alphabetic characters, numerical digits and steganographic symbols to ensure the confidentiality of their communications in a hostile European context.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar en profundidad la estructura y las estrategias lingüísticas subyacentes identificadas en los dos últimos cifrarios utilizados por Margarita de Parma, gobernadora de los Países Bajos, en sus cartas privadas en italiano a Felipe II durante 1566, un año marcado por los conflictos sociales, religiosos y económicos en los territorios de Flandes. El estudio presenta y compara las principales características de la cifra general y la cifra particular que utilizó contemporáneamente Margarita de Parma en la correspondencia privada italiana que envió a Felipe II durante ese año: dos sistemas criptográficos compuestos por complejas combinaciones de caracteres alfabéticos, numéricos y esteganográficos que garantizaran la confidencialidad de sus comunicaciones en un contexto europeo hostil.
Estudio de la Cifra y contracifra utilizada en la correspondencia del marqués Giovanni Fogliani Sforza d'Aragaona en 1747
Authors: Pacheco Silvia
Published: February 2025

The main objective of this study is to present the cipher and counter-cipher used by the Marquis Giovanni Fogliani, Secretary of State of King Charles III and his entourage. For this purpose, we will analyze the existing nomenclator in the National Historical Archive of Madrid and its practical application in a series of letters intercepted during the year 1747.

El presente estudio tiene como principal objetivo dar a conocer el cifrado y contracifrado utilizado por el marqués Giovanni Fogliani, secretario de Estado del rey Carlos III y su entorno. Para ello analizaremos el nomenclátor existente en el Archivo Histórico Nacional de Madrid y su aplicación práctica en una serie de cartas interceptadas durante el año 1747.

L'obiettivo principale di questo studio è presentare il cifrario e il contro cifrario utilizzati dal marchese Giovanni Fogliani, segretario di Stato del re Carlo III e del suo seguito. A tal fine, analizzeremo il nomenclatore esistente nell'Archivio Storico Nazionale di Madrid e la sua applicazione pratica in una serie di lettere intercettate durante l'anno 1747.
Nápoles 1547: cartas cifradas y secretos de Estado
Authors: Bucuré Miriam
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyse the cipher language used in the correspondence between Charles V, the viceroy of Naples Pedro de Toledo and the imperial ambassador in Rome, Diego Hurtado de Mendoza between April and October 1547. Through the study and further editing of four letters preserved in the Archivo General de Simancas, we will present the characteristics of the cipher used in Naples in the mid-16th century. Although the issues raised in the letters are varied, the central theme of the letters is the mutiny that broke out in the Parthenopean city in May 1547 against the reckless attempt to implement the Inquisition in the viceroyalty and the terrible events that followed.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el lenguaje cifrado utilizado en la correspondencia entre Carlos V, el virrey de Nápoles Pedro de Toledo y Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, embajador imperial en Roma entre abril y octubre de 1547. Mediante el estudio y posterior edición de cuatro cartas conservadas en el Archivo General de Simancas, presentaremos las características de la cifra utilizada en Nápoles a mediados del siglo XVI. Si bien los asuntos planteados en las cartas son variados, el tema central de las mismas es el motín desencadenado en la ciudad partenopea en mayo de 1547 contra el intento temerario de introducir el tribunal de la Inquisición en el virreinato y los terribles acontecimientos que se desarrollaron a continuación.
De la Serenissima a la Secretissima: leer cifras y ocultar mensajes en la Italia del Renacimiento
Authors: Sambrian Oana Andreia
Published: February 2025

Our article focuses on the importance of the secret and the use of cyphered communication in Renaissant Italy. In the first part of our work, we explore some of the most breaking through treaties that have been written in order to teach the readers how to encrypt a text. Subsequently, we analyse the typologies of cyphered texts, as well as the current challenges of researching on this source.

Nuestro artículo se centra en la importancia del secreto y el uso de la comunicación cifrada en la Italia renacentista. En la primera parte de nuestro trabajo, exploramos algunos de los tratados más innovadores que se han escrito para enseñar a los lectores cómo cifrar un texto. Posteriormente, analizamos las tipologías de textos cifrados, así como los desafíos actuales de la investigación sobre esta fuente.
Las cifras de Juana de Austria durante la regencia (1554-1559)
Authors: Luo Wanruo
Published: February 2025

Abstract: In this paper we offer the research carried out from the ciphers of the Flanders State fund of the General Archive of Simancas (files 507-516) that contain the letters exchanged between Joanna of Austria, her father Charles V and Philip II, her brother, during the years in which he moved to England for his marriage to Mary Tudor and his father Charles V lived in Brussels. Joanna was regent from mid-1554 until the return from the Netherlands of Philip II in the autumn of 1559. Identification of the ciphers they used and their duration.
Keywords: Letters, Ciphered laguaje, Joanna of Austria, Charles V, Phillip II.

Resumen: En este artículo ofrecemos la investigación realizada a partir de los documentos cifrados del fondo Estado Flandes del Archivo General de Simancas (legajos 507-516) que contienen las cartas intercambiadas entre Juana de Austria, su padre Carlos V y Felipe II, su hermano, durante los años en que este se desplazó a Inglaterra por su matrimonio con María Tudor y su padre Carlos V vivía en Bruselas. Juana fue regente desde mediados de 1554 hasta el regreso de Felipe II en otoño de 1559, procedente de los Países Bajos. Identificación de los cifrarios que usaron y su duración.
Palabras clave: Cartas, Lenguaje cifrado, Juana de Austria, Carlos V, Felipe II.
Analisis Peran Pemerintah dalam Mendorong Moderasi Islam di Sumatra Utara
Authors: Adi Muflih Adi  , Alfi Rahmat  , Alya Qais Tsaabitah  , Muhammad Faiz Muhtadi Siregar  , Wiki Helmi Andrean
Published: February 2025

This study discusses the role of the government in promoting Islamic moderation in North Sumatra. Through qualitative and quantitative data analysis from 15 academic sources, the author concludes that the government’s main strategy is to make education an effective tool to preserve moderate values. Interfaith dialogue forums are an important platform for local residents to understand and appreciate differences. The results of the study indicate that government efforts have succeeded in reducing indicators of radicalism and increasing the level of social tolerance among the community. However, there are still several active obstacles such as economic instability and ignoring the participation of non-Muslim communities that must be further addressed by the government so that the implementation of Islamic moderation remains stable and develops positively. Integration of moderate values ​​in the context of local culture is a strategic step towards a harmonious and prosperous society.
Islamisasi Pendidikan di Indonesia Melalui Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Nizam Zulfa  , Haifani Hilal
Published: February 2025

This article examines the history and development of the Islamization of education in Indonesia. This study aims to analyse Islamisation of education through Islamic education by looking at historical data that shape the patterns and characteristics of Islamic education in Indonesia, as well as identifying critical points that influence the direction of its development. The research uses the theory of historical institutionalism. Through a literature study with a qualitative approach, the research reveals that the development of Islamic education in Indonesia followed a strong path dependence pattern, where decisions in the colonial and early independence periods shaped a relatively stable institutional path. The findings show that the process of educational Islamization underwent institutional layering, where new elements were added without completely erasing the old structure. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of the dynamics of institutional change in the context of Islamic education in Indonesia.
Peran Sekolah Berbasis Pendidikan Islam dalam Pembentukan Karakter Religius di TK Nadwah Desa Tegalpanjang Kecamatan Cireunghas
Authors: Do`a Fajarwati  , Siti Qomariyah  , Nurasiah Jamil
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the Role of Islamic Education-Based Schools in the Formation of Religious Character in Nadwah Kindergarten focusing on the current large population in Indonesia and the rampant criminal acts and government programs through laws with the aim of research 1). describe the formation of religious character in Nadwah Kindergarten, 2). To describe the role of Islamic Education-Based Schools in the Formation of Religious Character in Nadwah Kindergarten 3). To describe the driving and inhibiting factors in the Formation of Religious Character in Nadwah Kindergarten. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, qualitative research methods are also called naturalistic research methods because the research is conducted in very natural conditions (natural settings). Data collection through participatory observation, structured and unstructured interviews. documentation study using tools: observation guides, interview guidelines, data validation using Triangulation (sources), confirmability and dependability and analysis using reduction, data presentation and Drawing Conclusions The informants in this study were one Principal and two class teachers. The results of this study show 1). The formation of religious character in Nadwah Kindergarten has so far been running but has not been optimal through several habits that have been carried out, this is due to the different backgrounds of each family. Through the habit of saying hello to parents and teachers when saying goodbye and coming, then when entering the class, so far it has been going well. Dhuha prayer is performed once a month, but for memorizing the readings of obligatory prayers and ablution there is and memorizing short letters An-nas to At-takasur. 2). The role of Islamic education-based schools in the formation of religious character in kindergarten is very important because at this stage children are in a period of character formation that is very vulnerable and has a major influence on their development in the future. 3). these supporting and inhibiting factors and taking the necessary steps to strengthen children's character education. Collaboration between all stakeholders, including teachers, school staff, parents, and the community, is also important in building an environment that supports the formation of positive character for children in kindergarten.
Peran Metode Pembelajaran Aktif dalam Pendidikan Islam : Meningkatkan Keterlibatan Siswa di SMP IT Yaspida
Authors: Muhamad Wisnu  , Muhamad Rafli  , Ari Rahmatullah Fauzi
Published: February 2025

In an increasingly competitive era of education, student engagement in the learning process is very important. Active learning methods, which prioritize active student participation, have been proven to improve motivation and learning outcomes. This study aims to explore various active learning methods in the context of Islamic education and their impact on student engagement. Through data analysis from various case studies, this study found that the application of active learning methods can significantly increase student engagement.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, Mathematic (STEAM) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas III Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Ema Kurniawati  , Umil Muhsinin
Published: February 2025

In the 21st century, education is required to produce students who are creative, critical, collaborative, and communicative to face the challenges of the times. Therefore, the implementation of the STEAM learning model is one innovative solution to improve the quality of learning and student outcomes, especially in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects. This research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) that adopts the Kemmis and McTaggart model with two learning cycles. Each cycle consists of the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The purpose of this research is to improve student learning outcomes through the implementation of the STEAM learning model. The results showed an increase in student learning outcomes from cycle I to cycle II. In the cognitive domain, the average student score increased from 76% in cycle I to 88% in cycle II. In the psychomotor domain, there was an increase from 71% in cycle I to 91% in cycle II. Meanwhile, in the affective domain, student activities increased from 78% in cycle I to 92% in cycle II. Based on the results of the study, the implementation of the STEAM learning model can be declared effective in improving student learning outcomes in IPAS subjects for grade III students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Munawwarah, Jambi City.
Penggunaan Media Visual Berupa Powerpoint untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Kelas IV SD N 54/IV Danau Teluk Kota Jambi
Authors: Muhammad Apriansa  , Saidah Saidah
Published: February 2025

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes using visual media in the form of power points in islamic religious education learning in class IV SD N 54/IV Danau Teluk Jambi City. This type of search is claccroom action research (PTK) which is carried out in 2 cycles with the stages of planning, observation, evalution, and reflection. The subjects of this study were grade IV students at SD N 54/IV Danau Teluk, Jambi City, totaling 20 students.while the object of this research is the use of visual media in the form of power points to improve student learning outcomes. The results of this study indicate that there is an increase instudent learning outcomes with a percentage of the average value of the student learning outcomes in the pree-cycle of 25%, cycle I of 50%, and cycle II of 95% with a very good learning outcome category. In addition, there are results of the percentage of succes of student observations in cycle I of 62% and in cycle II of 94% with very good categories and an increase in teacher activities in cycle I of 74% and cycle II of 97% with very good categories.
Memukul Anak Dan Efeknya Dalam Pembelajaran
Authors: Wagiman Manik  , Ahmad Akmal Fauzi  , Ade Surya  , Muhammad Habib Hanzhalah  , Al Kautsar Amin  , Okta Marlianda
Published: February 2025

Physical punishment of children, such as hitting, remains a common practice in education. This study examines the negative impact of physical punishment on learning effectiveness, psychological aspects, and students' academic performance. Research indicates that children who experience physical violence tend to suffer from anxiety, stress, and low motivation to learn, resulting in lower academic achievement. Additionally, physical punishment can lead to emotional disturbances, the development of aggressive behavior, and a decline in social skills. To reduce the practice of physical violence in schools, strategies such as implementing positive discipline, strengthening character education, and increasing awareness among educators and parents about the harmful effects of physical punishment are necessary.
Perspektif Al-Qur’an tentang Sel Saraf dalam Kajian Integrasi Agama dan Sains
Authors: Maulidya Hasanah  , Alfina Wildatul Fitriyah
Published: February 2025

The Al-Qur'an is one of the sources of knowledge that has absolute truth. This source of knowledge does not only focus on knowledge about worship and muamalah, but also on scientific insights, namely scientific facts. These scientific cues are found in the verses of the Qur'an which are scattered throughout the surah and are referred to as kauniyah verses. One of the scientific signs explained in the Qur'an is about nerve cells. There are six verses spread across three suras in the Al-Qur'an with an indirect pattern of conveying information so that it requires further study to understand the meaning and scientific signals. The word "naashiyah" contained in the six verses means forelock, it is stated that the forelock is a guarantee for responsibility for dishonorable actions or wrongdoing. Scientific facts about the crown is the part of the front brain that functions as a controller, memory and decision maker, which is called the frontal lobe. The information from these six verses is true that the crown is the place where decisions are made and is the measuring point for the right or wrong decisions taken. Therefore, information from the Koran and scientific facts from research results are integrated with each other and show harmony.
Implementasi Metode Peer Feedback dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas 8 pada Mata Pelajaran PAI di SMP Negeri 7 Kota Bangun Seberang
Authors: Eka Sri Rahmawati  , Laili Azqia  , Yuliyani Lestari  , Akhmad Riadi
Published: February 2025

This study explores the implementation of the peer feedback method in improving the learning outcomes of grade VIII students in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects at SMP Negeri 7 Kota Bangun Seberang. Using the Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach, this study aims to improve student engagement and learning outcomes through active participation in providing feedback to others. This method was chosen to overcome student boredom with conventional learning methods such as lectures. The results of the study indicate that the application of peer feedback can improve students' understanding and motivation to learn. The research process involved two cycles of action including planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collected through observation and testing were analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings showed a significant increase in student learning activities and learning outcomes, indicating that the peer feedback method is effective in facilitating collaborative and supportive learning. This study concludes that peer feedback not only functions as an assessment tool, but also as a means of developing students' character and communication skills.
Implementasi Program Budaya Sekolah (School Culture) di SMP IT Daarul Muttaqien
Authors: Zahara Mustika
Published: February 2025

Implementing school culture is crucial to creating a positive and effective learning environment. SMP IT Daarul Muttaqien is known to have a school culture program. However, no further research has been conducted on how the school culture program is implemented at SMP IT Daarul Muttaqien. This study aims to determine the strategy for implementing school culture and its principles in developing it. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Because it wants to describe the implementation of the school culture program based on interviews with the school (principal, committee, and teachers), observations, and school documentation. The principal, committee, and teachers were selected as sources to obtain information related to the implementation of the school culture program as it has been carried out at the school. Observations were made to observe how the school culture program is run by the school. Documentation was carried out to visualize the objects of the school being studied. Information data was analyzed using the Miles method and triangulation. The results of the study showed that the strategy for implementing school culture was carried out by involving all stakeholders in the school. The implementation of school culture in principle has been implemented by the school which took place in stages, namely the development of school culture, innovation, performance, evaluation, involvement in decisions, and reward systems.
Analisis Peran Syaykh Al-Zaytun dalam Pendidikan Toleransi di Mahad Al-Zaytun
Authors: Anida Atulloh Hanifa  , Siti Ngainnur Rohmah  , Iwan Iwan  , Fadilah Al-Madani  , Badriyono Badriyono
Published: February 2025

This study explores the contribution of Shaykh Al-Zaytun in shaping Mahad Al-Zaytun as a school that promotes pluralism and diversity. The aim is to provide a better understanding of how Islamic education can adapt to modern society without the need for esoteric evidence. This study also uses Pustaka methodology to identify theories related to tolerance and tolerance, as well as literature relevant to developing a culture of tolerance through education at Mahad Al-Zaytun. This study also uses a case study approach to examine the influence of Shaykh Al-Zaytun on the modern Islamic education system. This study focuses on the school's vision and the committee's commitment to tolerance. This study also highlights the potential for collaboration with other institutions, both local and international, to strengthen tolerance education. This study concludes by highlighting the importance of Shaykh Al-Zaytun's transformational leadership in promoting tolerance in everyday life.
Model Penelitian Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Integrasi-Interkoneksi : Analisis Pendekatan Pohon Ilmu, Jaring Laba-Laba, dan Twin Tower
Authors: Munawir Saharuddin  , Tobroni Tobroni
Published: February 2025

This study examines the effectiveness of three integration-interconnection models in Islamic Religious Education (PAI): the Tree of Knowledge Model, the Spider Web Model, and the Twin Towers Model. These models are designed to bridge religious knowledge and general sciences, enriching a holistic approach in Islamic education. The Tree of Knowledge Model positions religious values as the ethical foundation for all disciplines, integrating faith as the basis for understanding general knowledge. The Spider Web Model envisions education as an interconnected, interdisciplinary network, enhancing students' ability to perceive connections across various fields. The Twin Towers Model balances the roles of religious and general sciences, promoting moderation and openness among students. The study findings suggest that these models help reduce the dichotomy between religious and secular sciences and assist students in developing a comprehensive and relevant understanding of both disciplines. The study recommends adopting these models into the PAI curriculum, providing comprehensive teacher training, and developing integrated learning modules to prepare Islamic education students to face contemporary social and scientific challenges with critical thinking and a strong ethical foundation.