bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metropolis criterion pigeon-inspired optimization for multi-UAV swarm controller
Authors: Guan Jinghua , Cheng Hongfei
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a new multiple unmanned aerial vehicle swarm controller based on Metropolis criterion. This paper presents the design of a controller, utilizing the improved Metropolis criterion pigeon-inspired optimization (IMCPIO) and proportional-integrational-derivative (PID) algorithms, and conducts comparative experiments. Simulation outcomes demonstrate the enhanced performance of the multi-unmanned aerial vehicle formation controller, which is based on IMCPIO, when compared to the basic pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm and the genetic algorithm. The IMCPIO algorithm for the energy difference discrimination makes it a faster convergence and more stable effective optimization. Hence, the controller introduced in this study proves to be both practical and resilient.
A hot Spring for Mexico in 2024
Authors: Torres Victor M.
Published: March 2024

Hot days observed during February 2024, reaching 30oC in Mexico City, have made its inhabitants forget that it was the winter season, characterized by dry and cool weather. While such extreme events are often associated with climate change, the current state of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system indicates the last months of an El Niño state, after an expectation of this to be within the top 5 El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events (https://cutt.ly/rw1h4T26). The effects of ENSO on the seasonal climate have been widely studied (Philander 1990), and their impacts on Mexico have also been documented (Magana, 2004). Recent seasonal forecasts suggest a progression towards a neutral state for the April-June 2024 season. And further projections indicate a 55% of chance of La Niña developing during the rainy season of 2024. This suggests an end to dry and warm conditions and the possibility of increased rainfall. (Magaña et al. 2003). However, with an ongoing drought over most of the Mexican region, and a water crisis affecting central Mexico, it seems that the seasonal forecasts based on ENSO projections set up the stage for a critical situation for most of the country during the Spring season.
Persepsi Guru Terhadap Peran Sekolah Sebagai Komunitas Belajar Profesional Dalam Perspektif Guru Sekolah Menengah Negeri Di Wilayah Jakarta Pusat
Authors: Putra Pembangunan Heldy Ramadhan , Listyasari Winda Dewi , Soraya Evitha
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine teachersâ€™ perceptions of professional learning community. The study was conducted from July 2017 â€“ October 2017 in six state senior high schools in Central Jakarta. The method employed in this study was descriptive quantitative. The samples of this research were 108 teachers in Central Jakarta was determined by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by using Professional Learning Communities Assessment â€“ Revised developed by Olivier, D.F., & Hipp, K.K. (2010) that has been translated into Bahasa Indonesia. The research found that there were 60 teachers (54%) have high perceptions on school as professional learning community, while 48 teachers (44%) have low perceptions. Subsequently, based on the analysis of each dimension, all the dimensions of the professional learning community variables were perceived low by the teacher. The lowest dimension is shared personal practice
PENGARUH PENGAWASAN DAN PENGHARGAAN TERHADAP ORGANIZATION CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) GURU PAUD DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI
Authors: Karnati Neti , Widihartati Sari Murti
Published: March 2024

Organization Citizenship Behavior is an individual behavior which is not compulsory, explicity recognized by the reward system and very contributive to the effectiveness an efficiency of the fuction of organization.The Objektive of this research is to know effect of Control and Reward to the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of eraly children non formal teachers in Kabupaten Manokwari. This research be expected can give a better eraly children non formal education contributionin real at Manokwari.The method used in this research is the survey method using a quantitative approach, and explain the causal relationship with path analysis.Data were collected by quesioner. The target population of the research amaounted to 133 early children non formal teachers in Kabupaten Manokwari. In this research The results result of research indicates:1)There is a positive direct effect of control to ocb, 2) There is a positive direct effect of reward to ocb, 3) There is a positive direct effcet control and reward to ocb.
Metode Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Sandi Utomo Nurhudha
Published: March 2024

This study aims to describe the methods and steps of academic supervision of the principal of the Muhammadiyah Plus Salatiga Middle School in improving the performance of PAI learning teachers. This research uses a qualitative ethnographic approach to education. Data collection techniques through observation, documentation and interviews. While the data analysis of this study uses inductive qualitative. The results of this study concluded that the academic supervision method applied to improve teacher performance is a collaborative method, namely the direct and indirect methods. Supervision techniques used, using two techniques, namely individual and group techniques. Individual techniques include: class visits, observations and individual meetings. Group techniques by holding teacher meetings and training to improve teacher competency. The steps are as follows: 1) Planning documents; 2) Implemented after there is socialization and agreement with the teacher to be supervised; 3) Conduct an analysis of the implementation of supervision; 4) Providing feedback from the results of the supervision analysis; 5) A follow-up plan for supervision is carried out; 6) Prepare reports on the results of supervision.
Lingkungan Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja Guru di Kabupaten Kampar: Analisis Kuantitatif
Authors: D Zuhri
Published: March 2024

The purposes of this study are to determine the effect of Work Environment on Job Motivation for teachers in all State Senior High Schools of Kampar Regency. The sample of this study was 255 teachers throughout Kampar Regency gathered from 92 State Senior High schools which were randomly selected. The results of this study indicate that Work Environment has a direct positive effect on teachers’ Job Motivation in all State Senior High Schools of Kampar Regency.
The Leadership Style and Approach
Authors: Teuku Syawal
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article is an article about the style and approach of leadership in an organization. The leadership styles and approaches discussed are about leaders as The Strongman, Super Leadership, The Transactor, The Visionary Leader and Spiritual Leadership. Writing this journal is writing by using literature study. The results of this journal reveal that (1) A leader as a person who has the power to influence subordinates, (2) a leader must be able to develop the organization by developing the ability of self and subordinates and carry out their duties and responsibilities properly, (3) leaders who can design and regulate the mechanism of work and work with subordinates according to their abilities and expertise, (4) visionary leaders must have intelligent and critical characters to face various situations and generate new ideas, and (5) leaders must have values, attitudes and behaviors that can motivate yourself and subordinates.
FOOD SAFETY RISK ANALYSIS IN MSME PRODUCT SUPPLY CHAIN FROM SCOR, SIX SIGMA AND HACCP INTEGRATION
Authors: Muflihatin Nafisah Nailatul , Catur Wahyuni Hana
Published: March 2024

MSME baster is a business that is engaged in food, especially meatballs. This MSME baster needs to regulate foodprocessing which aims to avoid chemical microbial contamination and others. Starting from raw materials,processing to consumption by consumers, attention is also given to maintaining product safety. The method used indesigning the layout of production facilities at MSME Baster is the integration of Scor, six sigma and Haccp. TheScore method was chosen because it performs and decomposes the process, can measure the supply chain objectivelybased on existing data and can identify improvements that need to be made to create competitive advantage, the SixSigma method to identify problems in the production process and describe the shortcomings in terms of time, money,customers and opportunities, Haccp can reduce the level of risk to morbidity and mortality associated with theconsumption of unsafe food. From the results in the process of making meatballs, there are 3 types that have beendescribed at the determining stage, namely rotten material, material contaminated with fungi, material contaminatedwith the Pareto diagram, it is known that 39% can cause harm to food is control that comes from the upper limit(UCL) of 0.06271 (LCL) of 0.038 with P (average proportion) of 0.07348363, which means that what happened to thecompany the average proportion was 0.07 or 7%
Study of Road Performance and Curing Mechanism of Coal Gangue by Curing Agent
Authors: Ren Zhe , Zhang Rui , Zhang Jian , Gao Qiang , Liu Chuanxiao , Wan Yingying , Liu Jianjun , Hu Qingliang , Ren Chengbin
Published: March 2024

Coal gangue is a type of rock waste product with dark gray color during coal mining and washing. The curing agent stabilizes soils by improving their physico-mechanical properties, allowing the soils to be reused in engineering as the subgrade fill. This study investigates the impact of SAHP curing agent on road performance parameters of coal gangue. The results showed that the road performance parameters of coal gangue increase with the curing agent content. The compressive resilience modulus of 7 days and California bearing ratio of coal gangue with 0.2% curing agent meet the specifications. The scanning electron microscope reveals the presence of agglomerated gels and hexagonal prism crystals between coal gangue particles. The observed crystals are ettringite, and the gels are silicate gel (nSiO2·mH2O) formed by the reaction of Na2O·nSiO2 with CO2 and H2O, as determined by combined X-ray diffraction and energy spectrum analysis. The improved coal gangue by the curing agent can be utilized as subgrade fill, supporting the reuse of coal gangue in highway engineering.
DPC-seq: Genome-wide mapping of DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) induced by endogenous aldehydes
Authors: Oka Yasuyoshi , Nakazawa Yuka , Shimada Mayuko , Ogi Tomoo
Published: March 2024

DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) induced by endogenous aldehydes are highly toxic DNA lesions that interfere with replication and transcription. To investigate how cells overcome DPC lesions and to understand the cellular toxicity of aldehydes and their impact as DPC in living organisms, we established a high-throughput sequencing method to explore the genome-wide distribution of DPC (DPC-seq). This protocol enables the measurement of DPC distribution and repair kinetics using cells obtained from living animal organs or tissue culture samples treated with formaldehyde.
WITHDRAWN: The COVID-19 Impact on Software Design Activities Globally Software Engineering – A Study from computing Perspective in Medical Science
Authors: Nabi Faisal , Hasan Rija
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, widely acknowledged as the most significant global health crisis of this century, has impacted virtually every sector, including software development. This unprecedented situation has led to significant implications for software projects and the professionals involved in software development, presenting substantial challenges. The primary objective of this study is to systematically analyze the evolving research trends within the Global Software Engineering (GSE) field. This study focuses on examining whether the global pandemic has led to an increased emphasis on software design research. Furthermore, we investigate the existing gap in social interaction during the software design phase of development. The research methodology consists of a two-phase systematic analysis of the existing literature. In the first phase involves the mapping of GSE research conducted over the two decades preceding the pandemic (2000-2020). In the second phase, this study employed a forward snowballing approach to review literature related to the software design phase published between 2020 and 2022. The analysis of 592 research studies in these two phases reveals various trends in GSE research. Evaluation research stands out as the most extensively explored research type across methods, processes, and human aspects of development. Despite the considerable impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to an increased reliance on distributed teams, our findings suggest that, while software organizations have been extensively studied across all software engineering phases, the software design phase remains one of the least explored areas. Our contribution envisions a more collaborative and adaptable GSE field, providing guidance for future research endeavors aimed at supporting distributed teams.
Platinum Oxide Formation under Oxygen Evolution Reaction Conditions
Authors: Jacobse Leon , Schuster Ralf , Kohantorabi Mona , Dolling Silvan , Pfrommer Johannes , Deng Xin , Weber Tim , Gutowski Olof , Dippel Ann-Christin , Brummel Olaf , Lykhach Yaroslava , Noei Heshmat , Over Herbert , Libuda Joerg , Vonk Vedran , Stierle Andreas
Published: March 2024

Electrocatalyst degradation, often caused by oxidative processes, forms a large barrier for the wide-spread application of electrolysers and fuel cells, which are crucial for a sustainable energy society. A detailed understanding of the catalyst surface structure under oxygen evolution reaction (OER) conditions is, therefore, required to design more stable catalysts. Here, we study the oxidation of a Pt(111) model electrode under operando conditions combining High-Energy Surface X-ray Diffraction (HE-SXRD) with a Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) in a unique experimental setup. This novel approach allows us to follow the atomic structure of the electrode/electrolyte interface under oxygen evolution reaction conditions under hitherto unexplored potential regimes. We find that the Pt(111) surface gets electro-oxidized in a layer-by-layer fashion, which is the best scenario in terms of electrode stability. From ex situ X-ray Reflectivity (XRR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) measurements we find that a sub-nm thick, PtO2 oxide film is forming, which deactivates the surface and leads to surface roughening after subsequent dissolution. Our results provide important insight for the operation of fuel cells and electrolysers under intermittent conditions of renewable energies.
In Situ Immobilization of CAL B Enzyme in Mesoporous Materials of the MCM-48 Type Using Different Ionic Solids: Synthesis and Application in Sterification Reactions
Authors: Battiston Catia , Oro Carol , Ficanha Aline , Reato Paloma , Paroul Natália , Dallago Rogério , Mignoni Marcelo
Published: March 2024

The ionic solids [C16MI]Cl and [C14MI]Cl were used as structure directors on MCM-48 mesoporous support with immobilized CALB lipase for the synthesis of esters from geraniol. Significant results were obtained in the synthesis of geranyl acetate and geranyl butyrate. Enzyme concentration, temperature and molar ratio of substrates were parameters that affect the synthesis yield. The highest temperature (60°C) and highest enzyme concentration (13%) conditions showed the best ester conversion results. For both esters, the ionic liquid [C16MI]Cl showed better conversion results and reached a value above 38% of conversion. Furthermore, the support tested in the present study for application in ester synthesis is cost-effective. In addition, the enzymatic route to obtain the esters presents mild reaction conditions and the results show potential for application in industrial applications.
A Time Series Study of PM10 Pollutant in Ghaziabad City Using Multiple Linear Regression
Authors: kumar Lokesh , Kumar Gaurav
Published: March 2024

Air pollution has grown to be a serious issue in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. PM10, SO2, and NO2 are a few examples of air pollution constituents. The forecasting of these pollutants can help in the formulation of a strategy to decrease air pollution. This study analyzes the air toxin PM10 for the Khora Colony of Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, utilizing data from previous years produced by the Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board. Multiple linear regression (MLR) is used for the analysis.
Association between Emergency Department Length of Stay and Outcomes among Patients Admitted to Internal Medicine Wards
Authors: Chen Chun-Yen , Chang Renin , Yin Chun-Hao , Chen Jin-Shuen , Chen Yao-Shen
Published: March 2024

Objective
Although emergency department length of stay (ED-LOS) is an important parameter for assessing ED performance, the relationship between ED-LOS and patient outcomes remains controversial. This study aimed at investigating the possible correlation and exploring the impact of disease nature on patients’ outcomes.
Methods
From January, 2016 to September, 2022, patients visiting the ED of a tertiary referral hospital and later admitted to the internal medicine wards were retrospectively categorized into two groups: prolonged ED-LOS group (> 48 hours) and reference group (≤ 48 hours). The primary outcomes included hospital-LOS, in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality since ED visit, and intensive care unit (ICU)-LOS.
Results
Of a total of 30753 eligible patients, 4554 (14.8%) had prolonged ED-LOS. Factor associated with prolonged ED-LOS included older patients and those with higher Charlson comorbidity index scores (CCIS). In-hospital and 30-day all-cause mortality were 259 (6%) and 296 (7%), respectively, in the prolonged ED-LOS group versus 2021 (8%) and 2066 (8%), respectively, in the reference group. The hospital-LOS and ICU-LOS were 10.8 ± 9.9 and 9.3 ± 7.4 days, respectively, in the prolonged ED-LOS versus 10.9 ± 11.9 and 7.7 ± 8.2 days, respectively, in the reference group. The incidences of adverse outcomes were not different between the two groups. Subgroup analysis based on disease nature demonstrated consistent findings.
Conclusion
Prolonged ED-LOS (> 48 hours) was not associated with adverse outcomes compared to the reference group. The choice of optimal cut-off timing for assessing ED efficiency and specific patient populations who may benefit from expedited hospitalization remain to be elucidated.
Effects Of Drop-Set Training on High-velocity Lower Extremity Contraction
Authors: Qin Lang , Li Mengkai , Zhu Zhiqiang
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The ability of the lower limbs to undergo high-velocity contractions significantly impacts the capacity of athletes. However, not much is known about the effect of drop-set training (DST) on muscle contraction velocity. This study aimed to examine the impact of rapid drop set resistance training on high-velocity lower extremity contractions.
Methods: Sixteen teenagers were assigned to either traditional resistance training (TRT) or DST groups. The TRT group performed squats at 1.8 times their body weight, while the DST group performed squats at 1.8 then 1.3 times their body weight. Before and after training, knee muscle strength and body composition were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer and bioelectrical impedance tester.
Results: There were significant increases in fat-free mass, peak torque at 180°/s, and peak work in the right leg of the DST group. Peak torque, peak work, and average power increased significantly post-intervention butdid not differ significantly between the two groups.
Conclusion: Compared to constant resistance training, 1.8- and 1.3-times body weight drop training is more effective than constant resistance training in boosting muscle mass and strength during rapid contractions of the lower extremities. Furthermore, both TRT and DST effectively improve lower-extremity muscle strength at lower-speed contractions.
Lung Tumor Staging and Classification with Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models
Authors: K Jagadeesh , A Rajendran
Published: March 2024

In today’s worldwide health scenario, Lung Cancer has the highest rates of mortality and morbidity. The accurate and clinical staging of lung cancer category can effectively reduce the death rate, since the treatment phase requires the specific stage of cancer. However, the staging of lung cancer still remains challenging, requires more efforts. The Computed Tomography images (CT) images are utilized for the Computer Aided Diagnosis based cancer diagnosis. With that note, this paper develops a Volumetric Analysis for Lung Tumor Staging and Classification (VA-LTSC), in which the stages are classified based on Tumor Nodule Metastasis (TNM) with Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models Moreover, the proposed model comprises different phases. The results are measured using inputs from LIDC-IDRI and LUNA 16, based on classification accuracy, model effectiveness and time complexities and in all, the proposed model outperforms the existing results.
Debunking competition - Global Ecologically Unequal Exchange explained by exploitation and control relations
Authors: Guarino Raffaele , Corsi Giulio , Ulecia Enrique Muñoz
Published: March 2024

Mainstream economic theory argues that competition is the fundamental force regulating the mechanism of production and exchange in the global economy1. Accordingly, countries’ interaction in international trade is presumed to benefit all parties2,3. However, the increasing socioeconomic inequalities across and within countries and global environmental degradation challenge this conventional wisdom4–6. Ecologically Unequal Exchange, among other critical theories, argues that international trade triggers asymmetries in the distribution of benefits and costs between Core and Periphery regions of the global economic system7. Using a combined economic-ecological model, here we show that relations between countries follow dynamics of exploitation and control rather than competition or mutualism. Periphery and semi-periphery present higher environmental intensities, but the burden of such environmental degradation can be directly attributed to handful regions, which acquire and drive most environmental resources. Core regions enhance their economic and environmental performance at the national level by exploiting and controlling Semi-periphery and Periphery regions. Our results demonstrate that green growth and dematerialization policies may be unable to achieve socially fair and environmentally sustainable societies at the global level. We call for abandoning growth-oriented policies to avoid counterproductive efforts in the transition towards sustainability.
Mechanical properties of epoxy- and dicyclopentadiene-based carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics at low temperature
Authors: Fujiwara Takashi , Daoyuan Che , Liang Yao , Takeuchi Masaki , Nishioka Naoki , Okayasu Mitsuhiro
Published: March 2024

In this study, the material properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) at room and low temperatures (at 20°C and − 196°C) were examined, where the mechanical properties and failure characteristics of two types of CFRP with thermoset resins (epoxy (E) and dicyclopentadiene (D)) were used. For the low-temperature tests, the mechanical properties were investigated using an originally designed testing system, where the mechanical properties were examined in a container, made of styrofoam, filled with liquid nitrogen (LN). LN was supplied automatically as the amount of LN decreased, where the level of LN was monitored using a capacitance sensor. The bending and fatigue strengths of both CFRPs were enhanced at -196°C compared with those at 20°C due to high internal strain at low temperature. Furthermore, the high creep strength was detected for D-CFRP at -196°C compared to that for E-CFRP. This could be attributed to the high ductility of D-CFRP. In particular, the bending stress of E-CFRP dropped suddenly during the static bending loading, which could be affected by the delamination between epoxy and carbon fiber, although the D-CFRP sample was highly strained during the loading process without severe delamination. This could be attributed to the high wettability between dicyclopentadiene and carbon. Details of the wettability and the above material properties of both CFRPs were analyzed in this paper.
Influence of Serum Lipid Levels on the Retinal Neural Tissue in Diabetes
Authors: Mushiga Yasuaki , Nagai Norihiro , Ozawa Yoko
Published: March 2024

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging can detect subtle changes in the retinal neural structure. However, interpreting data based on pathogenesis remains incomplete. Forty-one eyes of 41 participants (23 men, mean age 49.1±8.3) including control and diabetic patients with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR) were analyzed. Mean macular volumes of ganglion cell layer (GCL) (P=0.023) and inner retinal layer (IRL) (P=0.013) were smaller in the diabetes mellitus (DM) without DR group than in the control group, with no significant difference between the DM with DR and control groups. Mean serum malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) levels were higher in the DM without DR (P=0.046) and with DR (P=0.021) groups than in the control group. The macular volume of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and IRL exhibited a trend; and GCL showed a negative correlation with serum LDLcholesterol (LDLC) levels in the control group (P=0.060, 0.052, and 0.005, respectively). However, in the DR group, the volumes showed positivecorrelations with LDLC levels (P=0.002, 0002, and 0034, respectively). RNFL (P<0.001) and IRL (P=0.006) volumes positively correlated with MDA-LDL in the DR group. Diabetic changes in the macular volume of the inner retina may be attributed to neural cell loss and abnormal lipid deposits.
Identification of BCL11A, NTN5, and OGN as diagnosis biomarker of papillary renal cell carcinomas by bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Haghshenas¹ Zahra , Fathi Sina , Ahmadzadeh Alireza , Nazari Elham
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of papillary renal cell carcinomas is estimated to be between 10% and 15. At this time, there is no effective therapeutic approach available for patients with advanced PRCCs. The molecular biomarkers associated with PRCC diagnoses have been rarely studied compared to renal clear cell carcinomas, therefore it is imperative that novel molecular biomarkers be identified to aid in the early identification of this disease. Bioinformatics and artificial intelligence technologies have become increasingly important in the search for diagnostic biomarkers for early cancer detection. In this study, three genes, BCL11A, NTN5, and OGN, were identified as diagnostic biomarkers using the TCGA database and deep learning techniques. To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), RNA expression profiles of PRCC patients were analyzed using a machine learning approach. A number of molecular pathways and co-expressions of DEGs have been analyzed, and a correlation between DEGs and clinical data has been determined. Diagnostic markers were then determined via machine learning analysis. The 10 genes selected with the highest Variable Importance value (more than 0.9) were further investigated and six of them were upregulated (BCL11A, NTN5, SEL1L3, SKA3, TAPBP, SEMA6A) and four were downregulated (OGN, ADCY4, SMOC2, CCL23). A combined ROC curve analysis revealed that the BCL11A-NTN5-OGN genes, which have specificity and sensitivity values of 0.968 and 0.901 respectively, can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for PRCC. In general, the genes introduced in this study may be able to be used as diagnostic biomarkers for the early diagnosis of PRCC and thus provide the possibility of early treatment and preventing the progression of the disease.
Specialized critical care ultrasound training in critical care medicine education: a prospective single-center observational study with pre-post evaluations
Authors: Hui Wang , Shanshan Zhai , Yongyi Chen , Jun Duan
Published: March 2024

Background
The widespread use of critical care ultrasound (CCUS) for the management of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) requires effective training. The effectiveness of long-term, specialized CCUS training courses is unclear. This study describes a simulation-based, 6-month CCUS training program and evaluates its efficacy.
Methods
Seven consecutive CCUS courses, totaling 164 participants, were studied. The 6-month CCUS training comprised didactic lectures, pathological image interpretation, hands-on modules with stimulators/live models, and clinical CCUS use, including performing CCUS on needed patients and case analysis. Echocardiography and pulmonary, renal, vascular and craniocerebral ultrasound were performed. Satisfaction, theoretical/operational performance, comprehensive ultrasound application in clinical practice, and the influence of ultrasound training on clinical outcomes were assessed pre- and post-training by the Kirkpatrick Level 4 Model.
Results
More than 90% of the trainees reported “agree” or “strongly agree” to all survey questions. After ultrasound training, all the trainees significantly improved their theoretical examination, abnormal image interpretation and operational skills (all P < 0.05). The trainees' practical ultrasound application ability significantly improved (case assessment: 76 (72, 84) vs. 48 (38, 55); case analysis score: 21 (17, 26) vs. 11 (8, 15); image interpretation: 16 (13, 18) vs. 4 (2,7); all P < 0.05). Of 956 CCUSs, 415 yielded new diagnoses, 374 confirmed previous diagnoses, and treatment changes were made, impacting clinical decision-making by 82.53%.
Conclusions
Learners demonstrated significant improvements in the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of CCUS. In addition, they demonstrated clinical application ability, as evidenced by their high case analysis ability. This 6-month course is an effective method for training critical care clinicians in the skills requisite and clinical application of CCUS.
Association of Sleep Duration with Cognitive Performance in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Wu Yue , Yuan Min
Published: March 2024

Background
The incidence of cognitive dysfunction and nervous system diseases is increasing with the aging trend, which has become an essential challenge in the global health field. This study aims to explore the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive performance, paying particular attention to the influence of sleep duration in different populations.
Methods
The National Health and Nutrition Survey data from 2011 to 2014 were used to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive performance. Cognitive performance was assessed by three tests: Alzheimer's Disease Registration Association (CERAD), Animal Fluency (AF), and Digital Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). The weighted multivariate logistic regression model verified the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive performance. A restricted cubic spline model was used to determine the nonlinear relationship between sleep duration and cognitive performance.
Results
Of a total of 19931 patients, 2582 patients were included. Our study found a significant positive correlation between prolonged sleep (more than 9 hours per night) and cognitive decline (multivariate-adjusted OR = 1.50,95%CI:1.10 ~ 2.05). In contrast, short periods of sleep (less than seven hours per night) showed no significant correlation in cognitive function. Participants who slept moderately (7–9 hours per night) performed better on cognitive tests, with higher CERAD, AFT, and DSST scores. The association findings highlight the possible effects of sleep on cognitive health, especially in older people.
Conclusion
This study emphasizes that long sleep may be related to the decline of cognitive function in the elderly. Future research should explore the physiological mechanism and potential causes of sleep and cognitive function to support the maintenance of cognitive health in the elderly more scientifically.
Green Vehicle Routing Optimization Based on Dynamic Constraint Selection Co-evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Lujie , Zhang Haifei , Fu Junhao
Published: March 2024

Aiming at the problems of single solution objective in the
existing green vehicle routing optimization process and real-time
speed change during vehicle travel, a multi-objective green vehicle
routing problem with time window constraints in time-varying
conditions(MOGVRPTW-TV) is established, then a co-evolutionary
framework-based constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithm
for the solving of the model is proposed. First, in order to better
match the actual logistics distribution, this model considers the
impact of time-varying speed and capacitated variation on carbon
emissions based on capacitated constraints and time window
constraints. Second, a constrained multi-objective evolutionary
algorithm based on the co-evolutionary framework was proposed for
model solving. The algorithm treats the complete problem model as a
complex task and introduces a shift crowding distance calculation
that considers both individual distribution and convergence
information when solving this complex task, effectively balancing
the convergence and diversity of solutions. Then, a dynamic
constraint selection strategy is designed for the implementation of
the simple task, which only considers the effects of some
constraints on the populations, and the two populations exchange
information through offspring populations to achieve overall
optimization. Simulations are performed on different instances and
the results show that the proposed algorithm is effective in
avoiding traffic congestion periods, decreasing overall
distribution costs, and reducing fuel consumption and carbon
emissions of vehicles.
RETRACTED: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Red Sea Associated with Seismic Activity
Authors: Kenawy Ahmed M. El , Mohamed Emad K. , Abdelaal Mohamed M. , Alfy Mohammed El , Ragab Azza , Aboelkhair Hassan
Published: March 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The relative role of orbital forcing, CO2 and ice sheet feedbacks on Quaternary climate
Authors: Williams Charles , Lord Natalie , Kennedy-Asser Alan , Richards David , Crucifix Michel , Kontula Anne , Thorne Michael , Valdes Paul , Foster Gavin , Brown Rachel , McClymont Erin , Lunt Daniel
Published: March 2024

During the Quaternary (the last 2.58 million years), Earth’s climate has fluctuated between a series of glacials and interglacials, paced by external forcings and mediated by internal feedbacks. Global Climate Models (GCMs) resolving the general circulations of the atmosphere and the oceans are useful for addressing the mechanisms associated with these variations; however, such models require substantial computational resources, meaning they are not suitable for exploring transient orbital-scale variability on million-year timescales. Here, to overcome this limitation, we use a climate model to calibrate a faster statistical model, or emulator, and apply this to the Quaternary.

Firstly a model-data comparison suggests a good agreement with proxy data over the last 800,000 years, especially concerning the timing of glacial-interglacial cycles, and to achieve these results takes several orders of magnitude less computational cost. The efficiency of this approach allows us to carry out a quasi-transient simulation through the entire Quaternary, and allows projections of possible future drilling results from deep Antarctic ice cores; for example, beyond the existing record of 800,000 years the simulation suggests more frequent glacial-interglacial cycles but less of a temperature range between each cycle. Secondly, an investigation into the primary driving components suggests that a combination of the CO2 forcing and ice sheet feedbacks provide the dominant contribution to the temperature signal, both globally and at individual sites of existing proxy data.
Distribution and predictors of F-18-FDG uptake values of non-malignant cervical lymph nodes in pediatric patients
Authors: GODEFROY JEREMY , GODEFROY RAPHAEL , VEDDER KORAL , ALTURA YAIR , CHICHEPORTICHE ALEXANDRE , BEN-HAIM SIMONA , Goldstein GAL
Published: March 2024

Background
F-18-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT is routinely used for staging, evaluation of response to treatment and follow-up of most pediatric malignancies. Cervical lymph nodes can be involved in some pediatric malignancies, but increased uptake in non-malignant cervical lymph nodes is not exceptional in this population. The aim of the present study is to identify predictors of the maximum uptake in non-malignant cervical lymph nodes in the pediatric population.
Methods
191 FDG PET/CT studies of pediatric patients without malignant involvement of cervical lymph nodes were retrospectively reviewed. The maximal Standard Uptake Value in the hottest cervical lymph node (SUVmaxCLN), as well as demographic, technical and imaging variables were recorded. The predictive effect of those variables on SUVmaxCLN was estimated using linear regression models.
Results
Increased FDG activity in cervical nodes was observed in 136/191 studies (71%). The mean SUVmaxCLN was 2.2 ± 1.3. Ipsilateral palatine tonsil SUVmax, mean liver uptake, and treatment status were all statistically significant predictors of SUVmaxCLN. However, in multivariate regression analysis, only ipsilateral palatine tonsil SUVmax was found to be significant.
Conclusion
SUVmax in ipsilateral palatine tonsil is a strong predictor of the maximal uptake value of non-malignant cervical lymph nodes in children.
Trial was registered in the internal hospital registry under TRN 0209-22-HMO on date 23.04.2022.
Research on Reconfiguration Control Strategy of UAV Cluster
Authors: PENG Jinghui , Junjie SUN , Weichang CHEN , HOU Ping , LIU Jinxin
Published: March 2024

Aiming at the problem of UAV cluster configuration reconstruction, in order to obtain the cluster reconstruction method, the theory and simulation of cluster reconstruction control strategy is studied by simplifying the model, deducing the theoretical formula and analyzing the example. Taking 10 UAVs cluster as an example, the distribution of UAVs in different configurations was analyzed. According to the change of cluster configuration, the principle of formation reconstruction and the execution ability of configuration, the cluster capability was analyzed. The group behavior is modeled by group behavior rules, reconfiguration topology analysis and reconfiguration cost measurement. Based on the cluster parameters and configuration characteristics, simulation experiments were carried out to obtain the change curve of the reconstruction cost and time and the trajectory movement diagram of the UAV in different configurations.
A novel diagnosis model of cholangiocarcinoma for ERCP patients underwent Spyglass: development, validation, and clinical utility of an online platform
Authors: Shi Minghong , Zhang Xu , Chen Jia , Hou Xianghong , Yang Jie , Yin Longlong , Hua Longchun , Wang Cheng , Han Xiaolong , Kang Guolan , Mai Ping , Jiang Rui , Tian Hongwei
Published: March 2024

Background:
The ability to accurately identify the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) for patients with obstructive jaundice would facilitate preventative and therapeutic Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) interventions delivered to proper patients. Hence, we aimed to develop, validate, and evaluate a diagnostic utility online model combining blood laboratory variables and imaging omics data to predict CCA.
Methods
From 2018 to 2022, consecutive jaundice patients who got ERCP from Gansu Provincial Hospital were enrolled retrospectively. Random forest(RF) regression was used to screen variables and logistic regression was used to reconfirm the risk factors and build the online nomogram model. Corrected linear correlation analysis was employed for the linear test. The model predictive performance was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve as well as calibration, clinical decision analysis(DCA), and impact curves(CIC). An external cohort of 144 patients was validated. The spyglass subgroup application was analyzed in CCA patients.
Results
A total of 506 obstructive jaundice patients were enrolled (93 patients(18.38%) with CCA). The integrated model identified 6 factors including red blood cell count(RBC), total bilirubin (TBIL), uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), bile.duct.diameter, and Spyglass operation. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC was 0.929 (95% CI, 0.903–0.950). The calibration and clinical decision or impact curves showed good predictive accuracy. A validation AUC of 0.948 (95% CI, 0.899–0.978) was obtained in the external validation set.
Conclusions
We presented a promising model to endoscopic individualize cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis for Jaundice patients especially those with ERCP and spyglass with a good discriminative ability.
Effect of segmental tongue function training on tongue pressure attributes in individuals with dysphagia after receiving radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Authors: Zhao Fei , Yang Chen , Sun Si-Ming , Zhang Yao-Wen , Wen Hong-Mei , Dou Zu-Lin , Xie Chun-Qing , Wei Xiao-Mei
Published: March 2024

Objective
This study aimed to assess the impact of segmental tongue function training on tongue pressure characteristics in nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy(NPCR) patients who experience dysphagia. The findings of this research are crucial in understanding the potential benefits of tongue rehabilitation exercises for individuals with NPC patients. Hence, it is essential to explore the effects of this type of training on tongue pressure and its associated characteristics.
Methods
A group of eighteen NPCR dysphagia patients underwent a two-week segmental tongue function training. The researchers assessed their swallowing function by measuring the tongue pressure (P) and endurance time (ET) in three different regions of the tongue - the anterior tongue region (TAR), central tongue region (TCR), and posterior tongue region (TPR). To gather accurate data, a new flexible tongue pressure sensor with 9 measuring sites arranged in a 3x3 configuration was used to measure the pressure exerted by the tongue on the palate. The measurements were taken both before and after the segmental tongue function training.
Results
The segmental tongue function training resulted in significant improvements in tongue pressure for the anterior(PTAR) and central(PTCR) parts of the tongue(P < 0.05). However, there was no significant change in tongue pressure for the posterior(PTPR) part of the tongue(P > 0.05). Additionally, there were no significant differences in the endurance time for each part of the tongue(P > 0.05).
Conclusions
segmental tongue function training improved the PTAR and PTCR in NPCR dysphagia patients within 2 weeks, and the improvement gradually decreased from the anterior part of the tongue to the posterior part of the tongue. Meanwhile, there were no significant difference in PTPR and ET of each part before and after treatment. This suggests that longer weeks of training may be needed to improve the PTPR and ET in these patients, or more targeted training programs may be designed.
Barriers to Accessing Perinatal Mental Health Services in Ethnic Minority Women in the UK
Authors: Makinde Ebunoluwa , Davey Antoinette , Collins Gina , Wong Geoff , Morgan-Trimmer Sarah , McCree Chris , Brook Jo , Fisher Louise M , Sharp Helen , Howard Louise , O'Mahen Heather
Published: March 2024

Background
Mental health problems are common among women during the perinatal period (here defined as during pregnancy and the 2 years after birth), affecting up to 20% of women. Although there are effective treatments for perinatal mental health problems, ethnic minority women who are at higher risk of developing perinatal mental health problems are less likely to access treatment for their perinatal mental health problems. This study explored perceptions of perinatal mental health problems and barriers to accessing treatment amongst a sample of ethnic minority women with current or past experiences who did not receive help from a specialist team.
Methods
This study is qualitative primary research. Twenty-eight women living in England who reported they struggled with emotional and mental health challenges during their perinatal period but did not receive assistance from the specialist perinatal mental health team were recruited from community groups and adverts. Women participated in online interviews, which were transcribed. NVIVO was used to support a thematic analysis.
Results
Barriers to accessing perinatal mental health services were found at the individual and cultural levels and at the point of accessibility. Barriers at ethnic levels influenced women’s decision to seek help and the time at which the help would be sought. The identified barriers were grouped under three main themes: Cultural beliefs and expectations (including those based on previous discriminatory experiences of healthcare), Help-seeking patterns and accessibility barriers (included in this theme is the reluctance of health professionals in signposting women to perinatal mental health service in an attempt to cover up medical negligence or error).
Conclusion
Cultural beliefs and perceptions of perinatal mental health, expectations of motherhood and barriers associated with accessibility were the primary barriers to accessing perinatal mental health services. While accessibility barriers were generally prevalent, women from minority ethnic groups may face additional barriers due to their cultural attitudes towards mental health and prior discriminatory experiences of mental health services, and influences towards seeking assistance.
The Predictive Value of Preoperative Fasting Blood Glucose Variability for Postoperative Infection in Orthopedic Patients
Authors: Xiong Hongping , Fan Dingfang , Xu Jing , Zhou Qing , Lin Fengfei
Published: March 2024

Background
To explore the predictive value of preoperative fasting blood glucose variability for postoperative infections in orthopedic patients.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted to collect the medical records of 310 patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized in the orthopaedics department of Fuzhou Second General Hospital from January 2022 to November 2023 by using the hospital electronic medical record system. According to whether there was postoperative infection, they were divided into two groups: no postoperative infection group (n = 227) and postoperative infection group (n = 83). The researchers designed a basic information scale to collect general patient information and fasting blood glucose (FPG) indicators from admission to surgery. Based on at least three fasting blood glucose values, FPG variability indicators were calculated, including standard deviation of fasting blood glucose (FPG-SD), coefficient of variation of fasting blood glucose(FPG-CV), and mean true variation of fasting blood glucose (FPG-ARV). Using univariate and multivariate logistic binary regression analysis to determine the independent risk factors for postoperative infection, analyzing the correlation between FPG-SD, FPG-CV, FPG-ARV and postoperative infection through point binary correlation studies, drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calculating the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate FPG-SD, FPG-CV The value of FPG-ARV alone and in combination in predicting postoperative infections in orthopedic patients.
Results
FPG-SD, FPG-CV, and FPG-ARV were all independent risk factors for postoperative infection in orthopedic patients (P < 0.05); According to point two column correlation analysis, FPG-SD, FPG-CV, FPG-ARV are positively correlated with the occurrence of postoperative infections in orthopedic patients (r > 0, P < 0.05); Draw ROC curves, and the