bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible relationships of addictive disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Krupa M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

One of the most recent topics in addictive disorders is videogame-use disorder which is continuously under research, especially in adolescents. The specific structure of digital games (immortality, infinity, etc.) can sensitize adolescents to the development of problematic use. The number of researches about problematic video game use has increased significantly during the last decade. In 2013, this problem was included among “Disorders requiring further research” in DSM-5, and it was also included in ICD-11 as a separate diagnostic category in 2019.

Objectives

We review studies investigating the association between the co-occurrence of ADHD and video game use in adolescents. We attempt to summarize new theoretical approaches to video game use disorder and the areas of present research.

Methods

We conducted a literature search in 4 databases (PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science) using keywords (ADHD, adolescents, video game use disorder, internet addiction, game addiction) over the past 5 years. Exclusion criteria were the following: publication date before 2014, adult population, or comorbidity beside ADHD.

Results

The comorbidity of video game use disorder and ADHD was frequent. Primarily cross-sectional studies examined the presence of hyperactivity, attention deficit, and impulsivity symptoms separately. The presence of attention deficit clearly showed an association with the development of video game use disorder.

Conclusions

Adolescents diagnosed with ADHD have a greater possibility of developing video game use disorder and/or problematic psychoactive substance users. More attention should be paid to this comorbidity in not only the diagnostic process, but also in the development of prevention programs.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Life stressors and resources as predictors of adolescent suicide attempt
Authors: Plessis E. Du
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Adolescent suicide poses a serious public health challenge. Several factors, such as early losses, discordant relationships, poverty, abuse and other life crises have previously been associated with the rise in adolescent suicides. However, a dearth of information exists regarding South African research on adolescent suicide.

Objectives

This study investigated the role of gender, race and psychosocial stressors and resources in attempted suicide among 1033 South African adolescents.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional research design, participants completed a biographical questionnaire and the Life Stressors and Social Resources Inventory, Youth Form. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify which stressors, resources and demographic variables, best predicted attempted suicide among the sample.

Results

The findings suggest that 12.5% (129) of the sample had previously attempted suicide. Being of mixed race (p ≤ .01) and female (p ≤ .01) significantly increased the likelihood of attempting suicide. Stressors associated with the increased likelihood of attempting suicide were Parents (p ≤ .05), Extended Family (p ≤ .01), Home and Money (p ≤ .05), and Negative Life Events (p ≤ .01). Resources associated with the reduced likelihood of attempting suicide were supportive relationships with Parents (p ≤ .01), with Boyfriend/Girlfriend (p ≤ .01) and Positive Life Events (p ≤ .01).

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of supportive relationships and stable home conditions for the well being of adolescents.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Trends in suicides among italian youth aged 10 to 25: A nationwide register study
Authors: Forte A. , Vichi M. , Ghirini S. , Orri M. , Pompili M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Suicide continues to be a significant cause of mortality in most countries worldwide, especially among youth. Documenting current trends and sources of variation in youth suicide rates is critical to inform prevention strategies.

Objectives

We aimed to 1. document suicide mortality trends among Italian youth from 1981 to 2016 2. describe age, sex, and urbanization specific suicide rates in this period, and 3. describe suicide methods and their change over time.

Methods

We relyed on official mortality data for the period 1981-2016 for adolescents and young adults (ages 10-25 years). We estimated standardized all-cause and suicide mortality rates per 100,000 individuals and used Joinpoint regression analysis to determine annual mortality trends and statistically significant changes in rate trends. Analyses were reported by sex, age group, urbanization level and suicide method.

Results

From 1981 to 2016, 1,752 suicides were identified among youth aged 10-17 (boys/girls ratio in 2016, 5.3) and 9,897 among youth aged 18-25 years (boys/girls ratio in 2016, 4.0). While the all-cause mortality rate decreased over time for both boys and girls, overall suicide rates remained stable for boys and showed a small decrease for girls. For boys, suicide was most common in rural than to metropolitan areas, while it was the opposite for girls. The most common method for boys was hanging, while for girls was fall.

Conclusions

Differently from other countries, youth suicides were stable (boys) or slightly declining (girls). We found differences according to the urban vs. rural areas. Factors influencing these trends and sex differences are crucial in delivering prevention strategies.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Rational suicide: The paradigm of survival
Authors: Torres S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Suicide is an intriguing act of the human being. The reasons behind the violation of an instinct for survival is far from being understood. Besides, the emergence of assisted dying is raising even more questions about the concept of rational suicide, defined as a well-thought-out decision to die by whom is mentally competent.

Objectives

Understand the concept of rational suicide, in parallel with suicide, by exploring the views on this debate over the years and elucidating the relationship with mental disorders, mental capacity and patient’s rights.

Methods

Literature review performed on PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using the keywords “rational suicide”, “assisted death”, “suicide”, “phenomenology”, “mental capacity” and “responsibility for life”.

Results

The theological condemnations of suicide – as sin or crime – were put aside with psychiatric development in the last century. Durkheim was the first important precursor of the contemporary view - suicide is a form of mental illness (psychosis or depression) not compatible with rational deliberation. With the increasingly open debate on assisted dying, this vision is being tested by cases of terminally ill patients subjected to experiences that many wouldn’t choose to tolerate. Moral right to self-determination and needless suffering are examples of arguments in favor of rational suicide.

Conclusions

The need for an open discussion about rational suicide is raising, specifically in relation to psychiatric disorders, mainly to resolve the conflict between the duty of care of psychiatrists and the autonomy of patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Screening for suicide risk in medical settings: From research to implementation
Authors: Horowitz L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Suicide is an international public health problem and a leading cause of death for youth and adults, worldwide. Prevention efforts in health care systems create opportunities for identifying medical patients with occult suicidality. Detecting suicide risk among patients in medical settings can be a challenge, but successful suicide risk screening programs have been demonstrated in hospital settings.

Objectives

This presentation will discuss how a suicide risk screening tool that was developed for the pediatric emergency department was tested and then implemented in other medical settings in order to leverage healthcare providers as partners in combating the public health crisis of youth suicide..

Methods

Implementation and quality improvement projects in various medical settings that have adapted the ASQ will be described. Effective management of pediatric patients that screen positive for suicide risk and how mental health clinicians can best be utilized in efficient ways will also be discussed.

Results

Average time to administer the ASQ was 20 seconds. Positive screen rates across ED, inpatient and outpatient settings ranging from 2-14% equating to one additional psychiatric consultation per week. The ASQ Toolkit was developed to help medical providers implement screening including scripts for nurses, flyers for parents and a brief suicide safety assessment (ASQ BSSA) to operationalize next steps for patients at risk.

Conclusions

The medical setting is a key venue for youth suicide risk detection and linking patients with effective interventions. Mental health clinicians have a role in guiding non-mental health providers in the identification and management of patients found to be at risk.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Virtual reality-based exposure with applied biofeedback for social anxiety disorder
Authors: Ernst M. , Lichtenstein M. , Clemmensen L. , Andersen T. , Bouchard S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is considered the most prevalent anxiety disorder with the highest disease burden amongst anxiety disorders. Despite available effective treatment with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, a majority of individuals with SAD do not seek treatment and many drop out when confronted with elements of exposure. Several studies highlight the many advantages virtual reality exposure holds over in vivo exposure. In this study, we investigate the added effect of real-time biofeedback during virtual reality exposure.

Objectives

The current study is part of a large scale study called VR8. The current study aims to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a VR-biofeedback-intervention for adults with mild to severe social anxiety disorder, before continuing randomized controlled trials.

Methods

Data from semi-structured interviews and surveys will be compared to biodata collected during VR exposure. Participants include a minimum of (n=10) patients and (n=10) clinicians from the Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark. Surveys include questionnaires used for assessment of anxiety symptoms, usability of technology, and presence in the virtual environment. Collected biodata includes heart rate variability and electrodermal activity. Behavioral markers include eye-gaze. The findings will be analyzed and discussed in a mixed methods design.

Results

The study is ongoing. Preliminary results will be available at presentation.

Conclusions

Successful development and implementation of a biofeedback-informed virtual reality exposure intervention may provide increased reach for patients and individuals who would have otherwise not sought- or dropped out of regular treatment, as well as inform the clinician on how to proceed during virtual exposure.

Conflict of interest

Prof. Stephané Bouchard is consultant to and own equity in Cliniques et Développement In Virtuo, which develops virtual environments, and conflicts of interests are managed according to UQO’s conflict of interests policy; however, Cliniques et Développeme
Anxiety, depression and HIV in older gay and bisexual men
Authors: Pereira H. , Batista I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Negative consequences of social homonegativity and HIV status among older gay and bisexual men in Portugal are still to be documented.

Objectives

This study seeks to evaluate depression and anxiety disparities among older gay and bisexual men, based upon their HIV status.

Methods

This is a quantitative, descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional study. Responses were collected from a total of 201 men, with 16.9% being HIV positive, 80.6% identifying as homosexual and 13.9% identifying as bisexual. Participants responded to the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the BSI-18, and the CDRISC-10.

Results

The sample collected revealed moderate levels of depression and anxiety that were below the average observed among the general population. Older gay men showed higher levels of depression when compared to older bisexual men. Self-esteem was negatively correlated with both depression and anxiety while being positively correlated with resilience. In contrast, depression was negatively correlated with resilience and, conversely, positively correlated with anxiety. Furthermore, anxiety was negatively correlated with resilience. Multiple linear regression models explain 33% of the general variation of depressive symptoms and 25% of the variation of symptoms of anxiety. Regarding comparisons based on HIV status, no statistically significant differences were found between HIV-positive and HIV-negative
men.

Conclusions

This study offers a pioneering contribution to the literature on aging and mental health among older sexual minorities in Portugal, giving a voice to older HIV-positive and HIV-negative GBM in Portugal, in order to gain a better understanding of the barriers and obstacles that they face throughout the aging process.
Behaviour problems of patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Kammoun I. , Halouani N.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Bipolar disorder is associated, in popular belief, with violence as any psychiatric pathology. Studies in recent years have found an increased risk of violence in patients with bipolar disorder.

Objectives

To describe the socio-demographic characteristics of bipolar patients and identify the various risk factors for violence.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective descriptive, analytical study, including patients with bipolar disorder type I and II in the CHU HEDI CHAKER Sfax psychiatry department whose reason for hospitalization was hetero-aggressiveness during a period of 6 months ranging from 1 January to 30 June 2019.

Results

We’ve collected 32 patients. The average age of our sample is 36 years. Half of the patients (50%) were single. Most of these patients were unemployed. The type of bipolar disorder was dominated by type I (90.3%) in a manic episode. These patients had antisocial pathological personality in 18.8% and borderline personality in 20%. Siblings and ascendants accounted for 68.7% of victims of violence. Our study showed that comorbidity to the use of psychoactive substances was present in 65.6%. The exaltation of mood was intense in 78.1% with a bad insight in 75%. Patients with violent behaviour were discontinued in 96.9% of cases with poor therapeutic adherence in 90.6% and irregular follow-up in 68.8%. Violence was significantly associated with psychoactive substance use with p=0.037.

Conclusions

The risk of violence in patients with bipolar disorder is higher than in the general population. This risk is particularly high if there was an association with substance abuse and personality disorders.
Women's mental health: What progress have we made?
Authors: Herrman H.
Published: February 2022

Significant progress is being made in strengthening perinatal mental health support systems and in several related areas of women’s mental health. Mental health support for women and families during pregnancy and the first year after birth – the perinatal period – remains a priority in most parts of the world. Mental disorders are among the most common perinatal health problems, with over 25% of women in many scarce resource countries and 10% in wealthy countries experiencing a disorder. There is growing recognition of feasible and effective ways to reduce the harm to women and children and their families through societal as well as health system initiatives. Successful initiatives including training and support for health workers and cross-sectoral work to prevent violence in families are operating in a number of countries. The presentation will consider how psychiatrists and other mental health professionals can contribute to the spread, scope and sustainability of this work, and other related contributions to women’s mental health including the prevention of violence in the family.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Study of risk factors for suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Smaoui N. , Guermazi A. , Lajmi I. , Feki R. , Omri S. , Bouali M. Maalej , Thabet J. Ben , Zouari L. , Charfi N. , Maalej M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Bipolar disorder (BD) has the highest suicide attempt rate among psychiatric disorders. Many factors are associated with the risk of suicide attempt in BD, but the relation between them has still not been explicitly stated.

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the clinical variables characterizing patients with BD with prior suicide attempt (PSA).

Methods

This was a descriptive and analytical study, conducted over 3 months, involving 31 euthymic patients with BD, followed up in the outpatient psychiatry department of Hedi Chaker University Hospital in Sfax (Tunisia). General, clinical and therapeutic data were collected using a pre-established questionnaire. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed with the «36 item Short-Form Health Survey» (SF-36). Impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11).

Results

The mean age was 47.25 years and the sex ratio was 1.6. Family history of suicide attempts was found in 25% of cases. Mean score of SF36 was 34 and high degree of impulsivity was noted in 62.5% of cases. The frequency of BD patients with PSA was 12.3% (N=8), with two of these (25%) having more than one PSA. Comorbid alcohol abuse (p=0.000), somatic illness (p=0.013), high degree of impulsivity (p=0.032), and impaired quality of live (p=0.003) were significantly more frequent in BD patients with PSA.

Conclusions

We found several clinical variables associated with PSA in BD patients. Even though these retrospective findings did not address causality, they could be clinically relevant to better understanding suicidal behavior in BD and adopting proper strategies to prevent suicide in higher risk patients.
Five traits of personality in benzodiazepine-dependent patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Charfi N. , Abdallah M. Ben , Omri S. , Feki R. , Smaoui N. , Zouari L. , Thabet J. Ben , Bouali M. Maalej , Maalej M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Benzodiazepines (BZD) are frequently prescribed to patients with bipolar disorder. The use of this medication can become problematic in some cases or even lead to dependence mainly in patients with personality disorders.

Objectives

To assess different personality traits in BZD-dependent patients with bipolar disorder

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted on euthymic bipolar patients (DSM-5) attending the psychiatric outpatient in Hedi Chaker university hospital of Sfax. We used the Benzodiazepine Cognitive Attachment Scale (ECAB) to determine dependent patients and the Ten Item Personality Measure (TIPI) scale to assess the five personality traits.

Results

Among the 61 included patients, 34 were BZD-dependents (55.7%). Their mean age was 52.12 ± 12.87 years. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.54. A comorbid personality disorder was found in 18% of patients and the most frequent was histrionic personality (45.45%). According to TIPI, the highest scores of personality traits were conscientiousness, agreeableness and extraversion, with mean scores of 9.8 ± 2.78, 8.21 ± 3.15 and 7.98 ± 1.77 respectively. Having a comorbid personality disorder was not associated with BZD dependence. Regarding the dimensional approach using TIPI, the dimensions of extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability were significantly negatively correlated with BZD-dependence (p 0.024; 0.006 and 0.01 respectively).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that personality characterized by less extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability may increase the risk of BZD-dependence among bipolar patients. Such psychological factors should be taken into account in the risk-benefit assessment made in the planning of BZD treatment.
The challenges of managing psychiatric disorders in children with kidney transplant and end-stage renal disease: A case report
Authors: Fodor O. , Ciubotariu A.-M. , Mihailescu I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Chronic diseases have often been associated with depression or other psychiatric conditions. Despite the fact that renal transplantation offers children a chance at a better life, it could also raise some challenges. Dealing with a severe medical condition such as chronic renal disease and multidrug therapy with potential long term side-effects from the early years of life can affect a child’s emotional and social development.

Objectives

Reporting a case which represents a challenge in treating an adolescent with depression and renal failure.

Methods

Case Report

Results

A 15 year old male with multiple admissions (between the ages of 12 and 15) for recurrent feelings of inadequacy and worthlessness due to his appearance, impaired social skills, hostility towards society, suicide ideation and aggressive behaviour. Moreover, his medical history includes CRS (congenital renal disease), kidney transplant at the age of 2 followed with transplant rejection in 2019. Currently he is under haemodialysis and multiple drug prescriptions associated with his severe medical condition which interferes with the psychotropic treatment.

Conclusions

This case quests what the better choice of intervention is for depression associated with aggressive behavior in a child with kidney failure and with no significant improvement in psychotherapy?
Investigation of clinical features of dysgraphia related to the subtypes of developmental coordination disorder in children regarding high IQ
Authors: Hamdioui S. , Vaivre-Douret L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Handwriting disorder is commonly observed in Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) (87-88%) and is often noted in children with high Intellectual Quotient (HIQ).Two mainly pure DCD subtypes: ideomotor-DCD (IM), visuospatial/or visuoconstructional-DCD (VSC) and a mixed subtype (MX) were identified in the literature but nothing is known regarding IQ and dysgraphia.

Objectives

To refine the specific clinical features of dysgraphia related to DCD subtypes regarding IQ levels.

Methods

Neurovisual, neuropsychological, neuropsychomotor functions, and handwriting performances of 38 children (6-to-12 years-old: mean 9y, SD 2.7) diagnosed with DCD (DSM-5 criteria) were collected. Two matched groups were analyzed according to their IQ: 19 (TC) typical children (IQ=90-110) and 19 HIQ children (IQ> 120).

Results

IQ scores were not significantly associated with dysgraphia. There isa significant difference between TC vs HIQ with a lower rate of IM-DCD respectively 11% vs 5% (p=.035) and 68% vs 37% for VSC-DCD (p=.03) but 21% vs 58% in MX-DCD (p=.41). Dysgraphia was significantly more present in TC group with MX-DCD and in HIQ with VSC-DCD. A negative correlation between Kho’s’ cubes test failure (p=.006), visual-spatial memory (p=.05) and VSC-DCD was noted in HIQ group. The deficit of visual spatial memory was significantly related to dysgraphia in HIQ children (p=.01) associated to visual gnosis impairment (p=.03).

Conclusions

Dysgraphia was significantly found with VSC-DCD subgroup in FIQ>120 with specific features of visual perception disorders suggesting more involvement of the right cortex. These results suggest that VSC-DCD in HIQ could be a neurovisual impairment rather than a pure VSC-DCD.
Depressive disorders and children with chronic illness
Authors: Mihailov O. , Rădulescu I.D. , Mihailov R. , Ciubară A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

When depression is comorbid with tuberculosis, it will lead to decreased quality of life, lack of adherence to anti-Tb drugs, progression to MDRTB and will end in death with mortality from the disease.

Objectives

We aimed to study the association of Tuberculosis and depressive disorders in children aged 7-18 years compared to non-tuberculosis diseases and their correlation. We hypothesized that depression will be significantly more common in patients with tuberculosis than in non-TB patients, who served as a control.

Methods

A prospective observational case-type study for a period of 2 years, 2018-2020. The patients included in the study are patients diagnosed and treated in the Child Pneumology Department of the Pneumoftiziology Hospital “Sfantul Spiridon” Galati and in the TB Dispensaries in Galati County divided into the study group consisting of patients diagnosed with Tuberculosis and the control group of patients without a diagnosis of Tuberculosis or other previous chronic disease. For the diagnosis of depression in the case of the two groups, we used the CDI questionnaire (Depression Inventory for children).

Results

Out of 100 children with TB, 68% had depression compared to the control group, which showed that only 9% had depression.

Conclusions

Depression can affect all parts of a child’s life, including behavior, appetite, energy levels, sleep patterns, relationships, and academic performance. We observe a wide range of symptoms in the group of children with tuberculosis compared to the control group.
Clinical and psychological approaches to the diagnosis of children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Koval-Zaytsev A. , Ivanov M. , Simashkova N. , Nikitina S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The importance of clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in childhood is due to the timely detection of ASD and the appropriate early start of patient care, depending on the form of ASD. The experience of multidisciplinary collaboration between medical psychologists and clinicians in child psychiatric practice allows us to more accurately determine the depth and severity of autistic manifestations, determine the dynamics of child development, and provide personalized effective care.

Objectives

Develop diagnostic, clinical and psychological approaches to the diagnosis of ASD.

Methods

Clinical-psychopathological, clinical-dynamic, clinical-catamnestic, and psychological methods were used. 254 patients aged 4-17 years (average – 7.3 years) with different forms of ASD were examined.

Results

From the clinical and pathopsychological positions, profiles of six main forms of ASD are identified. Each of the selected profiles corresponds to a specific type of cognitive dysontogenezis. A distorted view of cognitive dysontogenezis in Asperger’s syndrome (F84. 5) and childhood autism dysontogenetic (F84.0). Distorted or deficient types of cognitive dysontogenezis in children’s psychosis (F84. 02). Deficient type of cognitive dysontogenezis in Kanner syndrome (F84. 01). Defecating type of cognitive dysontogenezis in atypical autism syndromal (F84. 11), deficient and regressive-defecating types of cognitive dysontogenezis in atypical child psychosis (F84.12).

Conclusions

A three-dimensional model is obtained that allows the most accurate diagnosis of various forms of ASD and the development of personalized routes for patient care and rehabilitation, taking into account the type of cognitive dysontogenezis and based on the zone of the child’s immediate development.
Goals of internet use and subjective safety of adolescents on the internet
Authors: Shaigerova L. , Shilko R. , Almazova O.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Modern teenagers spend most of their lives on social networks and the Internet, meeting various needs. At the same time, more detailed research is needed on how specific Internet use affects various aspects of the psychological state.

Objectives

The objective is to identify how the main goals of Internet use by adolescents are related to their subjective safety on the Internet and self-assessment of health.

Methods

The study involved 480 participants from 15 to 18 years old. We analyzed the main reasons for respondents’ use of the Internet (7 main goals were highlighted) and uncovered the relationship between the main goals of Internet use, self-assessment of health and subjective safety on the Internet.

Results

Adolescents who identified communication (t = -2.450, p=0.015) and shopping and receiving services as their main goals for using the Internet rated their health as significantly worse (t = -3.170, p = 0.002). Young men who use the Internet more often as a source of information feel significantly less secure on the Internet (t = -2.237, p=0.026), as do those who use the Internet more often to expand communication in social networks (t = -2.040, p=0.043). For girls, the goals of using the Internet and the sense of subjective security on the Internet were not significantly related.

Conclusions

Using the Internet to communicate, buy and receive services, and search for information can negatively affect the assessment of own health and subjective safety, especially among young people. The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, with the grant 15-18-00109.
The prevalence of mental disorders among young people in europe
Authors: Sacco R. , Camilleri N. , Umla-Runge K.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

This systematic review and meta-analysis fills a lacuna in the existing literature on the prevalence of mental disorders (MD) among young people (YP) in Europe.

Objectives

This study sets out to estimate the pooled prevalence (PP) of ASD, ADHD, Conduct Disorder (CD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Anxiety Disorder (AD), Depressive Disorder
(DD), Eating Disorder (ED), Substance Use Disorders (SUD) and the PP of any of these MD, among 5-to-18-year-old YP living in Europe, based on prevalence rates established in the last five years (LFY).

Methods

A search strategy was created following the SPIDER model and conducted on three databases. Studies were also identified from reference lists and grey literature. Eligible studies were evaluated for bias. Trends of prevalence rates across countries, gender and level of education were analysed. The random effects pooled prevalence rate (REPPR) for each MD and for any MD was calculated.

Results

The European REPPR for any mental disorder among YP is 15.5%, translating to almost 1 in 5 YP. ADs are the most common group of MDs with a REPPR of 7.9%, followed by ADHD, ODD, MDD and CD, with REPPR of 2.9%, 1.9%, 1.7% and 1.5% respectively.

Conclusions

A range of challenges towards good mental health are portrayed, including diagnostic limitations, poor awareness on MD, and socioeconomic inequality. It is recommended that these challenges are tackled, and routine screening and early intervention services are developed to improve early identification and prompt treatment. Achieving these goals may positively impact individuals and societies at large, both now and in the future.
Adolescents and dual pathology. Assessment of treatment with paliperidona palmitato long-term injectables
Authors: Sánchez S. Pérez , Herrero I. Martín , Fernández M.A. Cutillas , Güimil D. Raya , Portero A. Crespo
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Today cocaine use is very frequently associated with adolescents with maladaptive personality traits and impulse control disorder. It requires a multidisciplinary approach and individualized treatments to improve the clinic and achieve the abandonment of consumption.

Objectives

1. To assess the efficacy of monthly injectable paliperidone palmitate treatment in controlling impulsivity. 2. Determine the consumption of toxins after treatment.

Methods

Sample: Adolescents, 14-17 years old, with a diagnosis of Personality Limit T and cocaine consumption who start treatment with Paliperidone Palmitate LD IM (50-100mg / month) in monotherapy, with Diazepam 5mg if significant anxiety. Retrospective data collection. Plutchik impulsivity scale (IE) before starting treatment and at 3 months. Statistical analysis SPSS 20.0

Results

Twelve adolescents who met the inclusion criteria were included and 12 adolescents, 83% male, 16% female, completed the questionnaires. After its application and correction through non-parametric tests (N <30), scores in the EI questionnaire of a mean of 37.42 points in the pretest were observed, corresponding to a severe level of impulsivity; and a mean of 26.28 points in the post-test, compatible with a mild-moderate degree of impulsive symptoms. A decrease in the consumption of toxins was observed in 65% of the cases.

Conclusions

In our experience, the management of toxic consumption in adolescent population with severe impulsivity symptoms has great limitations due to the scarce resources available. The Palpitate of Paliperidone long-term treatment has been useful in the approach of serious registered cases, being associated with symptomatic improvement and decrease in consumption.
Mental health and climate change – a developmental life course perspective
Authors: Vergunst F. , Berry H.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Climate change is a major global public health challenge that will have wide ranging effects on human psychological health and wellbeing through the increased incidence of acute (e.g., storms, floods, wildfires), sub-acute (e.g., heat stress, droughts, lost agricultural yields) and long-term stressors (e.g., changes to landscapes and ecosystems). Children and adolescents are particularly at risk because of their rapidly developing brain, vulnerability to disease and limited capacity to avoid or adapt to climate change-related threats and impacts. They are also more likely to worry about climate change impacts than any other age group.

Objectives

To produce a new conceptual framework that describes climate change-related threats to youth mental health from a developmental life course perspective.

Methods

We critically review and synthesis literature documenting the pathways, processes and mechanisms linking climate change to increased mental health vulnerability.

Results

We show that climate change-related threats can additively and interactively increase psychopathology risk from conception onwards, that these effects are already occurring and that they constitute an important threat to mental health and therefore human capital worldwide. We then argue that birth cohort studies are uniquely positioned to examine climate change-related threats and that incorporating relevant measures into existing and planned birth cohorts is a matter of social justice and crucial long-term investment in mental health research.

Conclusions

Climate change is affecting the healthy psychological development of children and these risks are increasing worldwide. New theoretical and empirical work is urgently needed so that threats can be tracked and mitigated.
Childhood mental health and juvenile delinquency: A within-family comparison
Authors: Kim S. , Kim D.H.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Child metal health is associated with prospective delinquent outcomes. However, this association might be confounded by genetic and other shared factors

Objectives

We aimed to examine the association between the behavioral symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, conduct disorder, depression, and oppositional defiant disorder in childhood (age 4-12) and the prospective delinquent outcomes as measured by lifetime illicit drug use, criminal activities, and victimization prior to age 18, using the nationally representative U.S. survey that allowed us to compare siblings in the same mother.

Methods

Aged-adjusted subscales or ADHD, conduct disorder, depression, and ODD were obtained from the mother-reported survey responses. Within-family analyses were performed to control for family-specific unobserved factors as well as child-specific observed factors.

Results

Antisocial scores in childhood were strongly associated with lifetime arrest, probation, and incarceration as well as lifetime illicit drug use in adolescence. ADHD scores are associated with lifetime victimization in physical attack and rape, but not with criminal activities or illicit drug use.

Conclusions

Conduct disorder consistently increases lifetime illicit drug use and criminal activities independently of genetic factors and gender. ADHD is not associated with lifetime illicit drug use or criminal activities, but is associated with lifetime victimization. No significant gender differences are found although anxiety/depression symptoms are often positively associated with delinquent outcomes only among females.
Depression and anxiety among diabetics in primary care : a cross-sectional study
Authors: Omezzine R. Gniwa , Bouali W. , Sriha A. Belguith , Zarrouk L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent chronic diseases in Tunisia. Individuals with diabetes mellitus may have concurrent mental health disorders and are shown to have poorer disease outcomes.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in diabetics attending the primary care setting.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional survey carried out over two months and including diabetic patients followed up at the consultation for chronic diseases at the primary care center of Hiboun, in Mahdia, Tunisia. The validated Hosiptal Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) questionnaire was used as a screening tool for the symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Results

A total of 64 patients (24 men and 40 women) was enrolled. The average age was 54.5 ± 7.2 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.2 ± 2.3 years. The average HbA1c level was 9.1%.Over 48% of patients were overweight. The prevalence of Depression and anxiety among patients with diabetes from our study was 29.6% and 40.6%, respectively. Depression was found to be significantly associated with marital status of widowed, HbA1c level of more than 8.5%, and a family history of psychiatric illness. anxiety was significantly associated with females, unmployement and HbA1c level of more than 8.5%.

Conclusions

Screening of high risk Type II diabetics for depression and anxiety symptoms in the primary care setting is recommended at regular intervals.
Bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Maamri A. , Ghabi H. , Zalila H.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating illness characterized not only by severe neurological symptoms and somatic signs but also by psychiatric symptoms. Psychiatric comorbidity is common in MS. However, the incidence of psychiatric comorbidity remains understudied.

Objectives

To discuss the relationship of psychiatric disorder to neurologic dysfunction in MS through a clinical case.

Methods

Presentation of a clinical case of bipolar disorder in a 45-year-old woman with MS, followed by a literature review.

Results

We reported a case of a 45-year-old woman, who was followed in neurology for MS since the age of twenty-five. She was stable under monthly treatment. She was referred by her neurologist for psychomotor excitement, insomnia, feeling of well being, and sexual disinhibition. The symptoms were present for three weeks. At the interview, she was euphoric, disinhibited, she had logorrhea and did not verbalize delirium. An attack of multiple sclerosis was ruled out. The patient did not report any history of psychiatric illness, epilepsy, head trauma, or use of psychoactive substances. We retained the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (manic episode). Divalproex sodium and olanzapine were prescribed with significant improvement of symptoms.

Conclusions

This reported case is interesting since it highlights the possible association between multiple sclerosis and bipolar disorder. Further investigations are needed to identify potential shared risk factors between these pathologies to improve patients’ outcomes.
An acute psychotic disorder revealing hyperthyroidism by thyroid neoplasia: A case study
Authors: Sellami S. , Halouani N. , Chamseddine A. , Othman F. Ben , Aloulou J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Rarely, thyroid cancer can lead to hyperthyroidism. The link between dysthyroidism and psychiatric symptoms is well established, but cases of psychosis associated with hyperthyroidism are rarely reported in the literature.

Objectives

Identifying psychosis secondary to hyperthyroidism caused by a secreting tumor through a case and literature review.

Methods

We report the case of a patient with thyroid suspect tumor and chronic psychosis. We performed a literature review based on a PubMed search with the following keywords: “dysthyroidism psychosis”.

Results

Mr. S,32, with a personal psychiatric history of chronic psychosis evolving since 4 years, without notable pathological history, was hospitalized in psychiatry for psychomotor instability, verbal hetero-aggressiveness, subtotal insomnia and refusal of treatment. The psychiatric examination revealed the presence of a chronic delusional syndrome with a theme of persecution, mysticism,and an interpretive, intuitive and hallucinatory mechanism, without dissociative syndrome. The somatic examination objectified a cachectic patient with a bilateral symmetrical non-impulsive exophthalmos, a goiter with a thrill on palpation, dysphonia and sinus tachycardia.A laboratory workup revealed inflammatory syndrome, collapsed TSH (<0.05 mU / L) and an increased T4 to 37 pmol / L. Cervical ultrasound showed a strongly suspect left lobar heteronodular goiter and poorly structured peripheral lymphadenopathy (TI-RADS 4-B). Sedative diazepam therapy was started with antithyroid therapy and a beta blocker. The evolution was quickly favorable. The patient is referred for surgical treatement.

Conclusions

The severity of the hyperthyroidism,neoplastic origin, the improvement in psychotic signs with antithyroid treatment are arguments in favor of the thyroid origin by thyroid neoplasia.
Coping mechanisms and resilience in psychiatric trainees during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Crisan C.-A. , Pop R. , Mihai A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The Covid-19 pandemic has a profound impact on all domains of day to day life, forcing individuals to make substancial change in the way of living. Such change is known to cause an important psychological distress, and in some persons evidencing silent disorders among apparently functional individuals. Good coping mechanisms and resilience can be the key to overpass this difficult period.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the coping mechanisms and resilience that Romanian psychiatric trainees used during Covid19 pandemic.

Methods

We developed an online questionnaire. We included questions about different socio-demographical variables and about coping mechanisms (using COPE scale), resilience (using Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale) and quality of life (using QoL Scale).

Results

The preliminary data show that staying busy, seeking social support and having a positive minset are emotion-focused coping strategies present in individuals who overpass easier this period.

Conclusions

The Covid-19 pandemic is creating significant distress and impairment in functioning, but individuals who have good psychological mechanisms and who are more adaptable are less vulnerable during Covid-19 pandemic. Future research should build upon these findings to better understand coping mechanisms during crises and also social policies should be developed to acknowledge the variable needs in adults.
Binge eating disorders in the age of coronavirus outbreak
Authors: Dhemaid M. , Abbes W. , Hafi S. , Nabli H. , Ghanmi L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Lockdown imposed by the Tunisian government had a psychological impact such as depression, stress and anxiety, which triggered the development of eating disorders especially binge eating disorder.

Objectives

To screen the binge eating disorder among general population in Gabes (south of Tunisia) and to identify factors associated with it.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical web-based survey, from April 19, 2020, to May 5, 2020 on Facebook on citizens living in south of Tunisia. During this period, the total confirmed cases of COVID-19 exceeded 900 in Tunisia. We used a self-administered anonymous questionnaire containing citizen’s sociodemographic and clinical data. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria were used to assess Binge-Eating Disorder.

Results

A total of 331 persons were included. They were females (65%) and singles (43,2%). 71% of our population were aged between 20 and 40 years old. Among citizens of southern Tunisia, 6,9% suffered from binge eating disorder during this period of the lockdown. Binge eating disorders were associated to past psychiatric history (2,1% vs 4,53%, p<10-3), history of eating disorder (4,5% vs 2,4%, p<10-3), social isolation (5,1% vs 1,8%, p=0,015) and lack of physical activity (3,3% vs 3,9%, p=0,025).

Conclusions

Our study showed that lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the eating behavior of citizens of southern Tunisia. It is therefore important to screen them in order to manage them before complications emerge.
Did social media interaction replace quantitatively and qualitatively social face to face interaction during first months of COVID-19 pandemic ?
Authors: Grech A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

COVID-19 has changed entire lives. Lockdowns all over the world have resulted in social isolation and whole populations started to live a new social norm.

Objectives

In this presentation I will discuss the role social media has played in social interactions during lockdown. Mainly if social media use has replaced social face to face interactions. This both in terms of quantity and emotional quality of interactions. I will be using a study we conducted in Malta in this regard.

Methods

It seems that social media use has increased during lockdown. To analyse this in Malta we studied a dataset comprising more than 50,000 comments and more than 150,000 interactions that has been extracted from Facebook covering a time span of four months. These months were the first wave of COVID- 19 cases in Malta. We conducted a quantitative and qualitative data analysis to establish the social polarity of the content.

Results

I will discuss how social media has in part replaced the social face to face interactions during COVID- 19 pandemic initial months, and use the results of the study we conducted in Malta as an example.

Conclusions

It would be useful to analyse further the use of social media in the new social norm caused by COVID- 19. Most importantly how it could be used to decrease social isolation effectively and increase psychological wellbeing.
Professional burnout and increased workload during covid-19 in higher education teachers in monteria - colombia
Authors: Gonzalez E.P. Ruiz , Otalvaro A.M. Romero , Argel M.N. Muñoz , Urzola A. Uribe
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Faced with the global health emergency, a product of Covid-19, the educational system was forced to change its dynamics, assuming new challenges and adapting to virtual environments (Sierra, López, Azar & Trevethan, 2020). In this sense, the teaching task from home supposes an increase in the hours dedicated to their work, since they have seen the need to be trained in digital platforms to be able to respond to the changes derived from confinement; which can quietly generate professional wear and tear.

Objectives

Analyze the relationship between professional burnout and increased workload on teachers

Methods

A cross-sectional study of correlational scope was carried out in 60 (n = 60) teachers, working actively at a higher education institution. A sociodemographic scale was designed to identify the hours dedicated to work before and during confinement and to evaluate professional burnout, the adaptation of the MBI instrument for the Colombian population was used (Barbato, Córdoba, González, Martínez & Tamayo, 2011)

Results

A 50% increase in the workload of teachers was observed during confinement, besides, a statistically significant correlation between professional burnout and the increase in hours dedicated to work (Table 1)

Conclusions

It was possible to conclude that the significant increase in the workload in teachers correlates positively with levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; however, no correlations were observed between workload and personal achievement of higher education teachers.