bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical therapy treatment for pelvic floor strengthening in women after vaginal delivery: A systematic review
Authors: Bairrada Isabelle Loureiro , Bardin Marcela Grigol , Ferrari Renata Bullio , Amaral Maria Teresa Pace do , Zanetti Míriam Raquel Diniz
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Pregnancy and vaginal birth are considered risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) development, as urinary incontinence (UI), fecal incontinence (FI), pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and sexual dysfunction. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is a physiotherapeutic resource for PFD treatment, considered UI golden standard treatment with benefits also proven in postpartum women. Though, the lack of standardization of protocols brings gaps in scientific knowledge. Objective: To answer the question “Postpartum pelvic floor muscle training affects pelvic floor muscle strength, urinary function and sexual function?”. Methods: systematic review involving randomized clinical trials. Databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, LILACS, SciELO, EMBASE e MEDLINE, beyond gray literature. Two reviewers selected the studies through the Rayyan program. Were included studies conducted with primiparous women up to one year after childbirth that used the following resources: vaginal cones or balls, electric stimulation, biofeedback, and PFMT, that have compared resources to usual care, placebo, or other treatment. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro Scale by two reviewers. Results: 1.381 articles were found, with 508 duplicates. After titles and abstract reading 79 were included for complete reading, then only eight were included for analysis. Most articles compared PFMT and PFMT instructions. Using the PEDro Scale, three included articles scored 8, one scored 7, one scored 6, two scored 5 and only one study scored 4. The main outcomes assessed were PFM contraction strength, endurance time, UI, and sexual function. Strength was mainly assessed by manometry and Oxford Scale, UI by questionnaires and Pad Test, and sexual function by questionnaires. Five studies showed improvement in PFM strength in the intervention group, two studies showed improvement in UI in the intervention group, and two studies showed improvement in sexual function in the intervention group. Conclusion: PFMT was beneficial for primiparous women up to one year after vaginal delivery, improving PFM strength, UI, and sexual function. Nevertheless, more studies with greater quality and greater homogeneity of the protocols and populations are needed.
Domestic violence against women and education: A systematic review
Authors: Souza Daiane Silva Lourenço de , Furtado Patrícia Fátima de Oliveira , Fortkamp Sonia Beatriz Wurzler de Liz , Souza Isabele Lourenço de , Graupe Mareli Eliane
Published: November 2023

This article is aimed to identify actions to prevent and deal with domestic violence in the field of education. This is a qualitative study, and a systematic review of the literature was conducted in the months such and such, in the digital library Scientific Electronic Library Online - Scielo. The descriptors "domestic violence" and "education" were used, with a time frame of 2018 to 2023. The inclusion criteria were articles which contributed to the field of education in the prevention of domestic violence. Initially, time filters and selected articles in Portuguese were applied, and the search resulted in 88 articles. It involved a careful reading of titles, abstracts, and introductions of 15 selected articles on domestic violence and education. After this analysis, three articles were chosen to be presented. We emphasized that domestic violence against women is not an individual problem, but a social issue that needs to be tackled by society.
The Manaus industrial hub and the preservation of the standing amazon rainforest
Authors: Silva Michele Lins Aracaty e
Published: November 2023

The socioeconomic importance of the Manaus Free Trade Zone model and its longevity of 56 uninterrupted years is an unquestionable reality, but the discussion about the contribution of the model in the environmental sphere has long been raised. To this end, we aim to analyze the Manaus Free Trade Zone model as a regional development policy and an instrument of environmental protection. Methodologically, it is a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive, bibliographic and documental research with content analysis. Amazonas preserves a vast region made up of conservation units, indigenous lands and primary public forests (only 1% of the state's area is under pressure and with deforestation rates). The predominance of an industrial model, the supply of jobs in the manufacturing industry, population concentration, transport logistics, waterway transport, as well as the presence of conservation units and indigenous lands contribute directly and indirectly to the low rates of deforestation in Amazonas. If the main regional development model called the Manaus Free Trade Zone were to be extinguished, we would have a collapse in the entire macroeconomic scenario, which would stimulate a resumption of the process of exploitation of natural resources, mining, cattle ranching, illegal logging, as well as deforestation throughout the region.
Pityriasis versicolor: Causes and new active ingredients as a potential treatment
Authors: Costa Isabela Mazarim da , Santos Ana Julia Ribeiro Gaioto dos , Bergamini Thays Amélio , Urasaki Nádia Azusa , Nakao Letícia Yukari , Scandorieiro Sara , Reis Maria Gabriela Martins dos , Morandi Diego Henrique , Alves Noele Caroline , Reis Guilherme Fonseca , Panagio Luciano Aparecido , Lonni Audrey Alesandra Stinghen Garcia
Published: November 2023

Pityriasis versicolor is caused by Malassezia spp. It's characterized by a superficial fungal infection that affects both sexes, mostly tennagers and young adults, accounting for 40% of the population in tropical regions. Malassezia proliferates in organisms with intense sweating with the use of oily and occlusive cosmetics, or with occlusive clothing, triggering an imbalance in the skin microbiota system. The clinical manifestations are discrete oval or confluent, scaly, dark or depigmented macules on seborrheic regions of the body. Essential oils (EOs), including Oregano (Origanum vulgare) and Melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia) contain compounds, such as carvacrol, thymol and terpenes, which demonstrate antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have an inhibitory and fungicidal effect, which can combat resistance biofilm forming species, such as Candida spp, Malassezia spp. Therefore, the association between EOs and AgNPs suggests great potential in the treatment of Pityriasis versicolor.
Elektrokardiográfiás vizsgálati módszerek meghatározása nem altatott aligátorteknősökben (Chelydra serpentina, Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Nógrádi Anna Linda , Balogh Márton , Kertész Péter , Fodor Kinga
Published: November 2023

A szerzők adhezív és aligátorcsipeszes elektródák mint nem-invazív elektrokardiográfiás mérési módszerek használhatóságának értékelését vizsgálták nem altatott aligátorteknősökben (Chelydra serpentina). Céljuk a legmegfelelőbb protokoll kidolgozása volt az EKG-vizsgálatok elvégzéséhez ebben fajban. Tíz állatmentő állomáson élő aligátorteknős EKG-vizsgálatát végezték el. Az állatok átlagos testtömege 8,65 ± 3,65 kg volt. A 4 elektródát adhezív tapadókoronggal, ill. aligátorcsipesszel rögzítették. Eredményeik szignifikáns negatív korrelációra utaltak a testtömeg és az PQRST-komplexusok rögzítésének sikeressége között. Tapasztalataik szerint az aligátorteknősök a hátukra fektetve, csipeszelektródákkal vizsgálhatóak a leghatékonyabban.
PENGARUH LANGSUNG ADVERSITY QUOTIENT, DISPOSISI MATEMATIKA, DAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIKA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIKA
Authors: Nurliyan Hidayati Latifa , Haji Saleh , Sumardi Hari
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) pengaruh langsung Adversity Quotient terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis 2) pengaruh langsung Disposisi Matematika terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis, 3) pengaruh langsung kemampuan koneksi matematika terhadap Kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan 4) pengaruh secara simultan adversity quotient, disposisi matematika, dan kemampuan koneksi matematika terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis. Jenis penelitian adalah expost de facto dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen angket untuk adversity quotient dan disposisi matematika serta tes untuk kemampuan koneksi matematika dan kemampuan berpikir kritis. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 301 siswa kelas VII SMPN 4 Kota Bengkulu, 150 siswa kelas VII SMPN 12 Kota Bengkulu dan 18 siswa kelas VII SMP Pelita Kasih dengan sampel penelitian yaitu 75 siswa SMPN 04 Kota Bengkulu, 62 siswa SMPN 12 Kota Bengkulu, dan 18 siswa SMP Pelita Kasih. Berdasarkan hasil uji analisis jalur diperoleh hasil yaitu 1) Adversity Quotient berpengaruh langsung terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan dengan koefisien jalur 0,180 . 2) Disposisi matematika berpengaruh langsung terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan koefisien jalur sebesar 0,184. 3) Kemampuan koneksi matematika berpengaruh langsung terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan koefisien jalur sebesar 0,394. 4) Adversity Quotient, Disposisi matematika, dan Kemampuan koneksi matematika berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis sebesar 0,329.
PENGARUH LANGSUNG LOGIC MATHEMATIC INTELLIGENCE, DISPOSISI MATEMATIKA DAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Dwi Putri Geza , Haji Saleh , Sumardi Hari
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung dari logic mathematic intelligence, disposisi matematika dan pemahaman konsep matematika terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian expost de facto. Populasi penelitian terdiri atas tiga sekolah di Kota Bengkulu yakni SMPN 04 Kota Bengkulu, SMPN 12 Kota Bengkulu, SMP Pelita Kasih. Sampel penelitian 154 peserta didik. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah teknik random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah tes dan non-tes dengan instrumen lembar angket dan tes soal. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yakni terdapat pengaruh 1) logic mathematic intelligence terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan nilai koefisien jalur 0,270, 2) disposisi matematika terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan nilai koefisien jalur 0,135, 3) pemahaman konsep matematika terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan nilai koefisien jalur , 4) logic mathematic intelligence, disposisi matematika, pemahaman konsep matematika berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis sebesar 0,434 atau 43,4%. Sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk melakukan inovasi dalam proses pembelajaran yang mampu memunculkan dan meningkatkan keempat variabel tersebut.
FEATURES OF CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Баканова Ю.М. , Гульмамедова К.В. , Трапезникова А.Ю.
Published: November 2023

Муковисцидоз, или кистозный фиброз, — распространенное наследственное заболевание, обусловленное мутацией гена CFTR, ответственного за синтез, сохранение структуры и функции белка CFTR. Муковисцидоз проявляется, в первую очередь, патологией со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта и дыхательной системы. Недостаток функции белка при данной патологии приводит к повышению вязкости секрета экзокринных желез, обтурации органов и нарушению их функций, как следствие возникают стеаторея, мальабсорбция, сахарный диабет, нарушение метаболизма, задержка физического развития и хронический бронхолегочный процесс. В данной статье будут рассмотрены основные аспекты особенностей клинического течения и диагностики данного заболевания.

Cystic fi brosis is a common hereditary disease caused by a mutation of the CFTR gene responsible for the synthesis, preservation of the structure and function of the CFTR protein, manifested primarily by pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. The lack of protein function in cystic fi brosis leads to an increase in the viscosity of the secretion of exocrine glands, obturation of organs and disruption of their functions. As a result, it causes steatorrhea, malabsorption, diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, with developmental delay and chronic bronchopulmonary process. This article will consider the main aspects of the clinical course and diagnosis of this disease.
Calidad del servicio y satisfacción del usuario de la oficina Registral -RENIEC-Abancay
Authors: Flores-Flores Nadia Saturnina , Alarcón-Palomino Ivon Nieves , Valer-Montesinos Rosario Leticia
Published: November 2023

The main objective of the investigation was to determine how the quality of the service is related to the satisfaction of the users of the RENIEC-Abancay Registry Office. Regarding the methodology used, the type of research was determined, being basic, descriptive level and non-experimental design of a transectional type, considering as the study population comprised of all citizens over 18 years of age and under 65 years of age (electoral population), the sample was determined by simple type probabilistic sampling. The survey technique was applied, through the questionnaire instrument, the model applied for the quality of service variable was the Serperf model with a Likert scale; For the user satisfaction variable, the survey technique was applied, using the Likert scale questionnaire instrument. The results achieved at the time of testing the general hypothesis with Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient was a value of 0.654, which indicates a moderate positive correlation between the two variables.
Características textiles y correlaciones de la fibra en alpacas Huacaya de la región Apurímac
Authors: Ramos-De-la-Riva Víctor Alberto
Published: November 2023

The present study was developed in the Provinces Aymaraes and Antabamba, Apurimac Region, with a population of 108,497 alpacas [36]. The textile characteristics of the fiber in white Huacaya alpacas were determined, according to sex and age, establishing their correlations between these characteristics. The sample consisted of 90 males and 90 females: DL (Milk teeth > 1 year old), 2D (2 - 3 years old), 4D (3 - 4 years old) and BLL (> 4 years old); of which duly identified fiber samples (5 gr.) were collected from the midrib region of the animal and analyzed in OFDA 2000. The results and conclusions were: Objective 1, if there is a significant difference in the variation of the fiber diameter, comfort factor in alpacas of 2 and 4 teeth by age effect (P≤0.05), while there is no significant difference in the variation of the fiber diameter, comfort factor, curvature index and coefficient of variability due to sex effect and sex/age interaction (P≥0.05). Objective 2, there is a high correlation between fiber diameter and comfort factor due to sex effect and between fiber diameter with comfort factor due to age effect, highlighting the 4-toothed alpacas.
Nivel de conocimiento acerca de Municipalización de la Gestión Educativa en docentes del distrito de Orurillo
Authors: Cruz-Martinez Rudy Genaro , Cruz-Martinez Luis
Published: November 2023

The research work has been carried out with the objective of determining the level of knowledge about Munici-palization of Educational Management that teachers in the Orurillo district have. The methodological design used was a quantitative approach, with a simple non-experimental descriptive level. The study sample consisted of 132 teachers from initial, primary and secondary levels, chosen according to the designed probabilistic sampling. To collect the data, the survey technique was applied, the instrument of which was a questionnaire with 20 closed-type questions. The main finding of the study was that 52% of the district's teachers have a deficient level of knowledge about the Municipalization of Educational Management, while 28% have a regular level of knowledge, and 20% know the Municipalization of Educational Management at a good level. This reality meant that the majority of teachers know little or nothing about Municipalization of Educational Management, which began in Peru in the middle of the first decade of the 21st century.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Commercial Soybean Crops
Authors: Barboza Silva Luciana , Henrique Ferreira Rodrigues Raimundo , Ferreira Rodrigues Thiago , Carolina Farias e Silva Maria , de Araujo Lima Edivania , Wellington Batista Lopes José
Published: November 2023

Spatiotemporal dynamics studies of crop pests enable the determination of the colonization pattern and dispersion of these insects in the landscape. Geostatistics is an efficient tool for these studies: to determine the spatial distribution pattern of the pest in the crops and to make maps that represent this situation. The aim of this study was to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of B. tabaci adults and nymphs in commercial soybean crops from planting to harvest using geostatistics. Infestation by adults and nymphs of B. tabaci started between 30 and 50 days after the emergence of the plants. The maximum population density of ten adults per plant and two nymphs per leaf was registered between 90 and 101 days after plant emergence. The colonization of soybean plants by B. tabaci may be divided into three stages: beginning infestation (at the outermost parts of the crop), whole area colonization, and dispersion colonization (when the whole crop area is infested). The density of adult insects was positively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity. Wind speed positively affected the dispersion of adult whiteflies. The distribution pattern of B. tabaci in the soybean crop was aggregated.
Simulation Study of Microwave Heating of Hematite and Coal Mixture
Authors: Singha Prasenjit , Yadav Sunil , Ranjan Mohanty Soumya , Tiwari Abhishek , Kumar Shukla Ajay
Published: November 2023

Temperature distribution in hematite ore mixed with 7.5% coal was predicted by solving a 1-D heat conduction equation using an implicit finite difference approach. In this work, a square slab of 20 cm x 20 cm was considered, which assumed the coal to be uniformly mixed with hematite ore. MATLAB 2018a software was used to solve the equations. Heat transfer effects in this one dimensional slab having convective and radiative boundary conditions are also considered in this study. Temperature distribution is obtained inside the hematite slab by considering microwave heating time, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, carbon percentage, sample dimensions, and many other factors, such as penetration depth, permittivity, and permeability of coal and hematite ore mixtures. The resulting temperature profile used as a guiding tool for optimizing the microwave-assisted carbothermal reduction process of hematite slab which was extended to other dimensions as well, viz., 1 cm x 1 cm, 5 cm x 5 cm, 10 cm x 10 cm, and 20 cm x 20 cm. The model predictions are in good agreement with experimental results.
Non-Coding RNA and Its Prospective Utilization in Plant Breeding
Authors: Panda Debadatta , Ananda Lekshmi Latha , Lissy Vargheese Rachel , Premalatha Nallathambi , Kumar Mahadevan , Mahalingam Lakshmanan
Published: November 2023

Non-coding RNA molecules are generally present in a dispersed manner throughout the genome. They may behave as long ncRNAs or convert into small RNAs of around 20–24 nts that are universally categorized using their size, function, or chromosomal position. ncRNAs are thought to play a vital role in regulating and modulating gene expression apart from their prospective role in several epigenetic mechanisms controlling specificity in biochemical pathways and phenotype development in clonal cells. They are also part of the natural defense system against viruses. ncRNA modulates genes by transcriptional and translational control of growth, development, and stress response alongside other RNA molecules. Some modes of action have unraveled in recent years. A lot more needs to be pondered upon for comprehending their involvement in the extremely intricate processes in a more wholesome manner. In this chapter, we will discuss the different ncRNA, their origin, classification, and their role in various physiological processes. Practical examples of the discovery of ncRNA in different crops and their functions have also been elucidated with the required details. The yield and quality enhancement, along with the better stress response being the aim of the crop improvement program, the prospective utilities of ncRNA are also explained in the subsequent part of the chapter.
Interaction Among the Multi-Trophic Lac Insect Complex of Flora and Fauna: Impact on Quantity and Quality of the Resin Secreted
Authors: Krishan Sharma Kewal , Kandasamy Thamilarasi
Published: November 2023

Lac insects are a specialized group of phytosuccivorous insects (Coccoidea: Tachardiidae) that secret resin of industrial importance having diverse applications. Due to unique biology, host preference and dispersal mechanisms, lac insects are expected to differentiate locally, forming geographic and host races without adequate morphological differentiation. 101 species of lac-insects and over 400 species of lac host plants have been reported but insects belonging to sub-family Tachardiinae are considered important for laksha-culture (lac insect farming). With a wide host-plant range and diverse habitat, the insects have developed a specialized ecosystem with multi-trophic complex of flora and fauna. Not only the lac insect but also the host plants and various biotic associations play a significant role in determining the quantity and quality of the produce. This insect being an obligate phloem sap sucker completes its life cycle on host plant species. Phloem sap is nutritionally unbalanced, as it is rich in carbohydrates but deficient in essential amino acids. Due to the scarcity of essential elements in phloem sap, endosymbionts are likely to co-evolve within the insect cell, while fulfilling their nutritional requirement. Implication of these intricate biotic associations on quantity and quality of the lac resin produced merits thorough understanding for sustained lac production.
Vector-Borne Disease and Climate Change
Authors: Khan Amna , Yasin Muhammad , Anjum Aqueel Muhammad , Aslam Farooqi Muhammad , Irfan Akram Muhammad , Muhamad Bilal Yousuf Hafiz , Noor Muneba , Maqsood Aneeqa
Published: November 2023

Many arthropod species are vectors of numerous diseases of humans and animals, which include ticks, fleas, sandflies, mosquitoes, triatomine bugs, and blackflies. The vector transmits bacteria, viruses, and protozoa from one host to another causing various diseases, such as dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria. They are scold-blooded animals and very sensitive to the fluctuation in climatic factors. Changing climate influences the survival, reproduction, abundance, and spatiotemporal distribution of vectors throughout the year and the rate of development and survival of pathogens within the vector-host. Climate change is among the prime factors that influence the survival, reproduction, distribution, and density of disease vectors.
Classification and Generations of Dental Zirconia
Authors: Dahee Malallah Ali , Hameed Hasan Nadia
Published: November 2023

Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) is polymorphic (temperature dependent) structure; zirconia can take three crystallographic forms at ambient pressure. Under normal conditions, pure zirconia is monoclinic (m). At (1170°C), the substance converts to a tetragonal crystal structure (t), then to a cubic crystal structure (c) at (2370°C), and finally to a fluorite structure above (2370°C), melting at (2716°C). During the heating and cooling cycles, the Zirconium oxide ceramic undergoes a hysteretic, martensitic t- m transformation, which is reversible at 950°C upon cooling. For dental applications, various types of zirconium-dioxide (zirconia) materials are available. These materials have a variety of chemical compositions, crystal configurations, manufacturing processes, and important variations in their mechanical and optical properties. Numerous generations of zirconia materials have been developed, ranging from the use of zirconia crystals as reinforcement elements in zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) to partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) and the conventional (3Y-TZP) to the appearance of new translucent zirconia materials such as cubic stabilized zirconia (CSZ).
Climate Risks and Reasons for Concern along the Uruguayan Coast of the Rio de la Plata Estuary
Authors: J Nagy Gustavo , E Verocai José , Capurro Leandro , Gómez-Erache Mónica , Gutiérrez Ofelia , Panario Daniel , Brugnoli Ernesto , Brum Agustina , Bidegain Mario , C. Olivares Isabel
Published: November 2023

The Uruguayan coast of the Río de la Plata river estuary (RdlP) is 300 km long. It encompasses an inner tidal river and a middle and an outer estuary. The RdlP is a micro-tidal system dominated by river inflow from the Paraná and Uruguay rivers and southern winds with increasingly frequent wind-induced storm surges impacting the coast. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation influences the river inflow, prevailing winds, water/sea level and beach erosion. First, we focus on the IPCC Reasons for Concern (RFC) about the trends of climate risks threatening the Uruguayan coast. The trends and maxima of air temperature, water/sea levels and river inflow in three coastal stations from 1980 to 2019 show temporal changes attributable to climate change and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The occurrence, evolution and Montecarlo simulations of return periods of the yearly river flow and sea level height maxima provide metrics of RFC to categorise the climate risks from past to projected future and the level of risk from undetectable to very high. Then, we summarise some current and expected climate risks and present the current adaptation framework and some expected impacts. The RFC has increased, reaching moderate to high-risk levels.
Weight Loss through Aquatic Exercise
Authors: Hossein Abadi Fariba
Published: November 2023

Obesity is one of the main causes of unwanted health-related issues. Obese people have a more limited ability to keep fit although they are seriously willing to do exercise and improve their physical fitness. While there are numerous methods and programs to reduce weight through land-based exercises, there still exist reluctance, discomfort and risks of injury during exercise for obese people. However, an effective exercise program should plan at a moderate intensity level with low-perceived exertion for obese people. Then aquatic exercise can be purposed as a convenience exercise without joint strain and high impact. Considering the physical properties of water, aquatic aerobic exercise not only can increase metabolic demand and burn calories but immersing the body in water provides a non-weight bearing exercise option. Consequently, the relevant knowledge about aquatic exercise assists to provide proper exercise programming as well as consideration of physical fitness programs for obese who are unwilling to do land-based exercise. As a background of obesity prevalence is presented in this chapter, there are focuses on aquatic exercise definition and its benefits as well the exercise prescription for weight loss. Then, a perspective of aquatic exercise for obese people and concise guidelines are reviewed in this chapter.
Introduction to the Sedimentary Geology, Genesis, and Evolution of the Pontine Plain in Relation to the Alban Hills Volcanism and Associated Hazards
Authors: Paone Angelo , Yun Sung-Hyo
Published: November 2023

The Pontine Plain was reclaimed by Fascists in the 1930s. The Plain morphology and sea level have persistently changed through the Pleistocene, and from the last post-glacial period, the coast started to retreat. The most recent hydrogeological maps (1957, 1977, and 2007) clearly show that water is saturating the plain, and this will cause serious mobility problems in the Pontine Plain in the future. Several hazards of the plain are listed in this chapter. These include volcanic, seismic, coastal erosion, and sinkhole hazards, as well as water contamination hazards (e.g., As F), which have increased the number of cancers. There is an urgent need for monitoring in the area (i.e., Latina).
Postoperative Pain in Orthopedics
Authors: Trinidad Castillo García Lourdes , Estela Elizabeth Ortega Ponce Fabiola , Carolina Martínez Esparza Aurora
Published: November 2023

Most patients who undergo orthopedic surgery experience moderate-to-severe discomfort. Historically, opioids have been the primary medication class used to treat pain transmission pathways. In orthopedic practice, multimodal analgesia has become the predominant method of pain management. Utilizing multiple medications to treat post-surgical pain reduces the need for narcotics and accelerates the healing process. By introducing effective analgesic treatments and interventions, this procedure reduces the use of perioperative opioids and, over time, the risk of opioid toxicity and addiction. Previous research has demonstrated that multimodal analgesia reduces the use of analgesics in the early postoperative period for orthopedic procedures. Numerous substances can stimulate or sensitize directly. When the peripheral nociceptors are damaged, direct damage to the nervous system results in pain. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative symptoms are essential. The emphasis is on management regimes and the pathophysiology underlying the mechanism for postoperative discomfort. A concise description of the effects of painkillers is provided. containing information on specific conditions and average dosage substances are classified further. Both neuropathy and subjective pain should be treated. By focusing on multimodal analgesia, anesthesiologists can reduce pain more effectively. More advanced techniques are utilized for postoperative pain management after orthopedic surgery, thereby enhancing the patient’s short- and long-term outcomes.
Recent Modifications of Zirconia in Dentistry
Authors: Albarghouti Ghassan , Sadi Haneen
Published: November 2023

In restorative dentistry, there are basically two requirements aspired to be fulfilled by the material of choice to be the main constituent of the restorations, those include superior mechanical characteristics and outstanding esthetic properties. Zirconia (ZrO2) attains great popularity nowadays and is considered a promising material in dental applications. The excellent tensile strength, high thermal stability, relatively low thermal conductivity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, chemical stability, low cytotoxicity, minimal bacterial adhesion, and biocompatibility properties of zirconia adding to them its tooth-like color and esthetic appearance have promoted its introduction as a successive dental substance. It was found to be a potential alternative and favorable material in dental restorations competing with many of the previously known and employed ceramics and metals, such as titanium. Despite the excellent properties and wide use of titanium in dental applications, it still suffers from unfavorable drawbacks. However, some problems in zirconia diminish its mechanical properties, such as phase transformation and aging, which could be overcome via the utilization of dopants within the zirconia’s structure. This chapter discussed the main stabilized zirconia types, properties, dental components, manufacturing, and treatment techniques. Further modifications on zirconia with the maintenance of both mechanical and esthetic properties are still under investigation.
Processing of Zirconia
Authors: Albarghouti Ghassan , Mahmoud Farhan Darwish Sojood
Published: November 2023

This chapter starts with an introduction, including zircon, zircon structure, zirconia ceramics and their structures as they exhibit a distinct crystal structure at various temperatures while maintaining the same chemical composition. Then the properties of zirconia including mechanical, tribological, and electrical properties and thermal conductivity, were discussed. Zirconia’s properties offer excellent resistance to corrosion and chemicals. When compared to other high-tech ceramic materials, zirconia is very robust at room temperature. The processing of zirconia was explained, starting with the purification of zirconium compounds followed by powder processing of zirconia, colloidal processing of zirconia, additive manufacturing, and zirconia treatments. Zirconia ceramics are processed from their raw ingredients in order to modify and enhance their physical and chemical characteristics and make them more suitable for use in future processes and in the production of finished goods. Various analysis methods of zirconia, including powder processing and sintering, microstructural analysis, phase characterization, mechanical testing, and tribological characterization were discussed. The last section in the chapter discusses the nano zirconia (ZrO2 nanoparticles). In addition to photocatalytic and piezoelectric uses, dental and optical coatings, nano zirconia has additionally been employed as a catalyst in a variety of organic interactions. It appears in the cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic structural phases.
Timing of Initiation of Kidney Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury in the Critically Ill Patient
Authors: Alejandro Tavera Diaz Maiko
Published: November 2023

Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents one of the most frequent complications in critically ill patients. In recent years, mortality rates have exceeded 50%, and 10% of them require kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Since the 60’s, the question of when to start KRT has been raised, classically the time of temporality when life-threatening is present (hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, uremia, and fluid overload); Therefore, in the last decade, the possibility of early initiation was raised as a strategy to achieve better outcomes. Current evidence shows that the timing of late onset dialysis has the same results as the strategy of early begining. We will also review the considerations in relation to renal capacity and demand generated by the acute pathology in a critically ill patient and the set of variables to make better decisions.
How Frustrating It Can Be? Raising up a Child with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Anat Raviv
Published: November 2023

Parenting a child with difficulties or disabilities is not a simple task—especially as parents often become frustrated with their children who differ from other children of the same age. This study documents how parents of children with learning disabilities or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder deal with their children’s difficulties and how they perceive the school system. Using qualitative methodology and semi-structured interviews, this study examines how parents cope with their children having learning disabilities or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and how they perceive the school’s intervention and assistance. This study is unique in that in addition to interviewing six parents who have had to cope with their children’s difficulties, it also interviews six young adults who have learning disabilities or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, to understand their perceptions of their parents’ coping mechanisms. The data analysis led to three central themes that were presented by the interviews: disappointment, lack of organized information about the children’s disabilities, and coping. This study contributes to the existing research and could assist schools in dealing with children with academic disabilities and in assisting their parents.
Adhesiolysis during Hysterectomy
Authors: Purwoto Gatot , Hadi Nuryanto Kartiwa
Published: November 2023

Hysterectomy sometimes is not as simple as removing the uterus. The most challenging condition before definitive hysterectomy is mostly an adhesion with various grade of severity and need a careful approach to prevent surrounding organ injury. Adhesions can be a significant source of morbidity in patients and provide a thorough overview of the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical consequences. The authors provide a step-by-step approach including preoperative preparation, surgical techniques, and postoperative management. This chapter also explains the prevention of adhesions and the use of adhesion barriers. With contributions from leading experts in the field, it seems to be an essential resource for any surgeon seeking to optimize patient outcomes in laparotomy. This comprehensive guide might be used by surgeons to improve their understanding and technical skills in dealing with adhesions during laparotomy.
Lactic Acid Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Gezae Daful Asfaw , Loridon Marie , R. Chandraratne Meegalla
Published: November 2023

This chapter presents bio-based lactic acid production process from lignocellulosic biomass. Bio-based chemicals can replace the chemicals that we usually get from petroleum-based resources, and they are used to produce cleaners, solvents, adhesives, paints, plastics, textiles, and many other products. Lactic acid is one of such candidates of bio-based chemicals with important applications in various industrial sectors such as the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries, where its demand is steadily increasing. It is also an essential building block for numerous commodity and intermediate-biobased chemicals making it as a suitable alternative to their fossil-derived counterparts. The bioconversion process of transforming lignocellulosic biomass into lactic acid consists of four primary stages. Initially, pretreatment is performed to enable the utilization of all C5 and C6 sugars by the selected microorganism. These sugars are then hydrolyzed and fermented by a suitable microorganism to produce either L- or D-lactic acid, depending on the desired stereochemistry. Finally, the lactic acid is separated and purified from the fermentation broth to obtain a purified product. The promising method for the industrial production of bio-based lactic acid will be of continuous simultaneous saccharification and fermentation in a gypsum-free process using Mg(OH)2 as neutralizer, followed by reactive distillation for purified lactic acid production. The cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment model for the biobased lactic acid production process indicated that the about 80–99% of the environmental burdens of most of the environmental impact categories can be reduced compared with its equivalent fossil-based lactic acid, making biobased lactic acid environmentally superior to the fossil-based lactic acid.
Perspectives and Application of Land Use Management Strategies to Address Mangrove Ecosystem Degradation in Guyana: A Case Study of Mon Repos
Authors: Johnson-Bhola Linda
Published: November 2023

Destruction and threats to coastal mangrove ecosystems have been a perennial problem for policy-makers in Guyana. The problem is due in part to the erosion cycles, spontaneous infrastructure development and environmental degradation. To address these multiple issues, the National Mangrove Project Office employed several different strategies, including public awareness programmes. Despite the efforts, the issues continue to plague the country. The aim of this paper was to illustrate the efficacy of zoning and regionalization for combating the problems associated with mangrove ecosystem degradation at Mon Repos, East Coast Demerara. A survey of the literature and analysis of selected documents were done and ArcGIS Pro and remote sensing were applied to the case study. The results showed that while efforts could undoubtedly have a positive impact on mangroves at Mon Repos in terms of sustaining ecosystem services, facilitating livelihood opportunities and addressing the waste management issue, the effectiveness of such actions is likely to be impeded by the lack of real-time data. To adequately address these issues, the collection and use of more accurate and up-to-date scientific from the application of Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing and implementation of a multiple-use conservation zoning plan are among the strategies recommended for implementation.
Treatment of Symmastia after Breast Reconstruction: Integration of Techniques
Authors: Balbina Lorenzo Hoyos Márcia
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Acquired Symmastia (or synmastia) after breast implants is an uncommon complication after breast reconstruction. There are several techniques for correcting this complication, but there is no consensus. Methods: The surgical treatment of three cases of acquired retromuscular symmastia after breast reconstruction are described with the integration of techniques: points of adhesion in the intermammary groove, elevation of the anterior capsule flap with the creation of a neopectoral pocket (precapsular space) and exchange of implants. In two cases, the procedure was associated with fat grafting. Results: The patients evolved well, with correction of the symptoms and were satisfied with the esthetic result. There was no recurrence of the problem, with a follow-up from 9 months to 3 years. Conclusions: It is suggested an integration of techniques for the correction of symmastia (adhesion points and confection of a neopectoral pocket store with anterior capsule flap) after breast reconstruction, which can also be performed in cases of such complication after breast augmentation. This procedure can be associated with fat grafting for esthetic refinement and there may be an improvement in eventual contracture.
Particulate Allografts (DFDBA) Combined with Platelet Concentrate: An Effective Combination for Sinus Lifts and Post-Extraction Bone Grafting
Authors: Wardani Adnane , Evrard Laurence
Published: November 2023

Alveolar bone resorption after tooth extraction can lead to considerable loss of bone volume, which can complicate dental implant planning. To limit this bone loss, immediate post-extraction bone grafting is recommended, while maxillary sinus grafting may be necessary in cases of insufficient sub-sinusal bone height. The use of a combination of particulate Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft (DFDBA) and platelet concentrates, such as Platelet-Rich-Fibrin (PRF), has shown promising results in alveolar bone preservation after teeth extractions, as well as in sinus bone grafts (sinus lifts). We conducted several studies, both clinical and histomorphological, to find out if the use of this combination of biomaterials could lead to good bone quantity and quality, and be suitable for implants. Following the results of our studies, the use of particulate DFDBA combined with PRF, whether for alveolar bone preservation after dental extractions or sinus lifts, appears to be an effective technique to maintain or recreate bone volume for dental implant placement. Moreover, histomorphometric study shows a good quality and a good maturity of bone gained with this technique.
School Improvement Inclusion Model for Schools with Changing Demographics: The Impact of Changing Demographics in Schools
Authors: Madsen Jean
Published: November 2023

By 2026, students of color will make up 54% of the school population. The increase of demographically diverse students in our schools requires us to reflect on how we are serving these students, as they enter the doors of our schools. This chapter provides an overview about the implementation of a school inclusion model. The model was based on a wide array of strategies which focused on engaging demographically diverse parents, culturally competent training for school leaders, analyzing school equity data, implemented postsecondary strategies at the elementary and middle schools. An important finding was the 4% drop in teacher absences at the treatment schools. Both teachers and leaders reported significant improvements in terms of workplace satisfaction and positive feelings about their schools. A review of the findings on teachers’ perceptions about inclusion indicated that teachers in the treatment schools had greater job satisfaction than their counterparts. Finally, the accomplishments of this model require more research to insure its viability and its generalizability to schools.
Thymol and Its Derivatives Rich Essential Oils from Asparagus flagellaris and Therapeutic Applications: Review
Authors: Ibok Michael , Odeja Oluwakayode , Okpala Ejike
Published: November 2023

Asparagus flagellaris essential oils of the leaves and roots comprised of twenty-eight (28) and nineteen (19) compounds in total, accounting 97.41 and 97.03% of the oil, respectively, were discovered using GC-MS analysis. According to reports, the EOs are a blend of terpenes, terpene derivatives, non-terpenes, thymol and its derivatives. Additionally, thymol derivatives predominated in the essential oils. When compared to the reference standards Tioconazole and Gentamicin for fungi (28 mm) and bacteria (40–35 mm), respectively, the essential oil exhibited a moderate inhibitory zone (18–10 mm) on the tested organisms. Thu, the essential oils were categorized as bacteriostatic. On the DPPH radical scavenger properties, interaction between the constituents identified in the essential oils demonstrated a distinctive a free radical scavenging activity. The chemical components of A. flagellaris’ essential oils play a key role in both its antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
3D Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy of a Very Large Uterine Myoma in a Super Morbidly Obese Woman of Body Mass Index 60 Kg/m2: A Case Report and a Literature Review
Authors: Halimah Jaafar Sharifah , Khalid Iskandar , Mohd Fathil Shahridan
Published: November 2023

A 40-year-old Malay nulliparous female, morbidly obese (height 161 cm, weight 158.5 kg, BMI 60.1 kg/m2) presented with a large uterine fibroid, FIGO Grade 4 with its upper border extending up to the 4 cm above the umbilicus. After 6 months of GnRH suppression, she consented to a total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Preoperatively, she was optimized, and bowel preparation was done with 3 days of liquid diet, a rectal enema, and antacid pre-induction. A nasogastric tube was inserted before port entry. The ports were placed higher, with the primary port at the epigastric region and the working ports on the left paramedian at the level of the umbilicus and ipsilateral left lumbar. Intracorporeal myomectomy was done to reduce the mass size before proceeding to a total hysterectomy in the usual manner. The patient was stable throughout the operation, and blood loss was approximately 900 mls. Postoperatively, the patient was fully ambulated and resumed a regular diet 24 hours after surgery, and was discharged home well. Operating a sizeable uterine mass in a super-morbidly obese woman laparoscopically is technically far more challenging for surgical and anesthetic management. Perioperative preparation, positioning, anesthetic management, and ergonomic port placement are paramount to surgical outcomes. Minimally invasive surgery is safe and feasible, and it is the best option for the morbidly obese patients as it allows early mobilization and spares them from tumultuous postoperative morbidity from open surgery, as proven by our case.