bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidência de desejo suicida e fatores associados entre usuários de drogas ilícitas - Revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Silva Karinne Aparecida de Souza Silva , Campos Valdir Ribeiro Campos
Published: April 2024

Objective: The study aimed to conduct an integrative literature review on the incidence of suicidal desire in illicit drug users and the main associated factors, noting that there is a scarcity of studies that specifically address this public, being of paramount importance for public health. Methods: Research carried out on the proposed theme, in an orderly and comprehensive way, an integrative and exploratory study, carried out from a bibliographic survey in the Medline, Lilacs and Scielo databases. The following keywords were described according to the DeCS: Suicidal desire / Suicidal desire / Suicidal desire, risk factors/risk factors/risk factors, Drug Users/Drug Users/Drug Users. Results: Data were found that suggest a strong association of suicidal ideation in illicit drug users, even if they were in treatment, the most reported substances were heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine, cocaine and hallucinogens, the associated factors were childhood abuse, initiation drug, depression among others. Conclusion: Empathy in the medical services provided can provide the individual with an unconstrained exposure of their real condition. Drug users naturally tend to isolate themselves, and not seek help, this accentuates the chances of suicide in this population.
A sistematização do exame físico geral
Authors: Penna Decio de Oliveira
Published: April 2024

O autor frisa o valor da observação clínica bem feita como meio de diagnóstico e salienta a importância da sistematização dos vários tempos do exame. Apresenta a seguir um esquema que abrange os tempos do Exame Físico Geral, o qual servirá como roteiro na feitura dessa importantíssima parte da observação clínica.
No Prices No Games!
Authors: Richter Michael , Rubinstein Ariel
Published: April 2024

While current economic theory focuses on prices and games, this book models economic settings where harmony is established through one of the following societal conventions:

• A power relation according to which stronger agents are able to force weaker ones to do things against their will.

• A norm that categorizes actions as permissible or forbidden.

• A status relation over alternatives which limits each agent's choices.

• Systematic biases in agents' preferences.

These four conventions are analysed using simple and mathematically straightforward models, without any pretensions regarding direct applied usefulness. While we do not advocate for the adoption of any of these conventions specifically – we do advocate that when modelling an economic situation, alternative equilibrium notions should be considered, rather than automatically reaching for the familiar approaches of prices or games.
Inhibition of Osteoclasts in Multiple Myeloma by Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive Alendronate Liposomes
Authors: Sun Zeyu , Li Bo , Tian Xiaobin
Published: April 2024

In recent years, nanomedicine delivery systems have shown unique advantages in treating various diseases, especially for tumor diseases. Our study synthesized reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive phospholipid DSPE-TK-PEG2000 and constructed ROS responsive liposomes loaded
with alendronate using thin-film hydration method. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that the liposomes had good nanoparticle size and polydispersity index (PDI), negative zeta potential and transmission electron microscope (TEM) also showed that the liposomes had a spherical appearance
and nanoscale size. In vitro release experiments confirmed their ROS responsive release ability. Through lyophilization procedure and resconstituted the liposomes, and placing at room temperature for 8 days, we found no significant changes in the appearance and DLS of the material,
proving that alendronate liposomes are relatively stable. Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMs) cytotoxicity experiments have shown that alendronate liposomes did not exhibit cytotoxicity at concentrations below 10−5 M. Meanwhile, Western blotting suggested that drug loaded
liposomes could inhibit osteoclast associated proteins. The above studies indicated the potential of ROS responsive alendronate liposomes in inhibiting osteoclasts in multiple myeloma.
Pediatric and Young Adult Trauma Recidivism
Authors: Lehane Alison , Wood Elizabeth , Pranikoff Sarah , Avery Martin , Pranikoff Thomas
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death among children. Much can be gleaned from the adult literature in understanding the characteristics that lead to recidivism in efforts to establish interventions for prevention. Our study aims to evaluate the rates, demographics, and features of pediatric trauma recidivism.

Methods

This was a retrospective single-institution review at a level-1 pediatric trauma center of children and young adults (ages 0-28) with traumatic injuries from January 2008 to April 2023. Patients with 1 or more prior visits to our institution’s trauma center (recidivists) were identified and compared with those with single admissions. Chi-square tests were used to statistically analyze the two groups.

Results

Pediatric/young adult trauma recidivists were 4.4% of the total trauma population captured (n = 14,613). Of the total trauma group, 55% were under 18 years old. Recidivists had higher percentages of patients who were male (82% vs 69%, P < .01), African American (36% vs 24%, P < .01), involved in penetrating trauma (33% vs 17%, P < .01), self-pay/uninsured (17% vs 12%, P < .01), and have abuse reported (5% vs 4%, P = .04). The primary county for recidivism patients was Forsyth with most patients from a specific zip code in an urban area of the county. The average time between visits for recidivists was 1,066 days.

Conclusions

Pediatric/young adult trauma recidivism is associated with specific characteristics including male, African American race, penetrating trauma, and uninsured status. Recidivists are primarily presenting from a zip code with low socioeconomic status. It is critical to develop targeted interventions to help this population in trauma prevention.
Myth, identity and ableism: Jericho March becomes Canadian Marathon of Hope in the Freedom Convoy
Authors: Coughlin Melanie
Published: April 2024

The aim and means of the Freedom Convoy are instructive for understanding how ableism is promoted in Canadian society today. As an example of such promotion, the author considers the Jericho March that took place during the Freedom Convoy Trucker Protest in Ottawa. The organizer of the Jericho March described the Convoy’s aim as an end to all public protections against the spread of COVID-19, and the discourse used by the organizer prior to the Convoy aligns with the kind of ableism that characterizes this general aim. The organizer’s description of the Jericho March as the Convoy participants’ ‘Marathon of Hope’ also aligns with other appropriations of Terry Fox’s iconography within the Freedom Convoy. After situating the Jericho March within more aggressive tactics used by Convoy participants, the author synthesizes theoretical perspectives from Fiona Campbell and Keiji Nishitani to think about what kind of Canadian identity the march promoted. From these considerations, it seems that myth can be used by individual organizers in Canada today to actively promote and perhaps even shift the boundaries of structural forms of oppression.
A Utilitarian Perspective on Risk Quantification for Clinical Significance in Binary Outcomes
Authors: Park Junhui
Published: April 2024

Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) in medical research is increasingly being supplemented by estimation statistics, focusing on effect sizes (ESs) and confidence intervals (CIs). This study evaluates the expression of ESs and CIs for binary outcomes. A utilitarian framework is proposed, emphasizing the number of beneficiaries and the impact level. To evaluate clinical significance, minimal clinically important risk difference (MCIRD) is proposed based on event magnitude (EM). Within this framework, risk difference (RD) is introduced as the primary measure. To assess the performance of RD, we compared its statistical power against other measures (risk ratio, RR; odds ratio, OR; Cohen’s h) in individual study scenarios, and visual information conveyance in meta-analysis scenarios. RDs maintain statistical power in comparison to other measures in individual studies. They provide clarity on the true impact of clinical interventions without compromising statistical integrity. Meta-analytic results indicate that using RDs directly enhances transparency, uncovers heterogeneity, and addresses misaligned assumptions. This approach, by quantifying clinical effectiveness under a utilitarian perspective, facilitates the applicability of research to patient care and encourages shared decision-making. The study advocates for reporting baseline risks (BRs) with RDs and recommends a standardized presentation of these statistics. In a utilitarian perspective, adopting RD as the preferred ES can foster a transparent, patient-focused research ethos. This aids in accurately presenting the magnitude and variability of treatment effects, offering a new direction in methodology.
Internet addiction and subjective well-being: the mediating role of social support and meaning in life
Authors: Wang Liling , Fu Junjun
Published: April 2024

Although Internet addiction has become a mental health problem worldwide, little is known about the relationship between Internet addiction and subjective well-being. To fill this gap, we recruited 681 Chinese college students using the online convenience sampling method, who were asked to answer the questions about Internet addiction, subjective well-being, social support, and meaning in life. The results showed that Internet addiction could significantly predict subjective well-being and, importantly, that social support and meaning in life mediated the relationship between Internet addiction and subjective well-being. These findings support the cognitive-behavioral model and shed light on the adverse effect of Internet addiction on subjective well-being.
Attitudes and practices of educational researchers towards the use of social media to disseminate science
Authors: Argüello-Gutiérrez Catalina , Moreno-López Roberto
Published: April 2024

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the use of digital platforms in higher education and science. This tendency has impacted how knowledge is produced, accessed and disseminated, considering the Internet and social media strategies. This study seeks to investigate the attitudes and practices of educational researchers when it comes to sharing science on social media. An online survey ( N = 487) was used to measure participants’ motivations for using or not social media, frequency of use, attitudes and practices for sharing scientific research and sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, findings reveal that there is high support for the use of social media for academic purposes. Most researchers prefer to publish full results over partial results. The researcher’s perception of the importance of social media is greater than the actual use of them. Finally, we identify some of the main reasons that facilitate or limit the academic use of social media, thus contributing a contextualised reflection on such use.
Are Transit-Oriented Development and Travel Characteristics Influencing Residential Dissonance? Analysis From a Developing Country’s Perspective
Authors: Das Biswarup , Kadali B. Raghuram , Subbarao Saladi S. V. , Lin Jen-Jia
Published: April 2024

The success of transit-oriented development (TOD) could hinge on reduced residential dissonance among the people living in TOD neighborhoods. Understanding the factors that could be associated with residential dissonance would be crucial in different contexts. Therefore, this study focused on exploring the various factors, such as TOD indicators, travel, and socio-demographic characteristics, that could influence the level of dissatisfaction of people living in TODs in Hyderabad, India. An ordered logit model was developed, which used data collected from primary as well as secondary sources. Results showed negative impacts of gender (male) and income on levels of dissatisfaction about neighborhoods, prompting policy interventions to address the disparities in gender and income groups. Further, it outlined the need to fulfill the varying requirements of larger households to reduce the dissonance. The roles of density, horizontal land-use diversity, and proximity to transit are very significant in improving living-satisfaction levels among people in TODs. More findings suggested the need for well-designed and maintained public spaces to address concerns related to safety and security and improve levels of satisfaction with TOD neighborhoods. The study also suggested that travel distances for educational trips, trip frequencies for work and shopping, and the use of private vehicles for work trips have positive influences on residential dissonance. It would be important to look for ways to provide convenient and sustainable alternative modes along with compact and diverse development, even though a longer commute may be acceptable.
On the optimized fused filament fabrication of polylactic acid using multiresponse central composite design and desirability function algorithm
Authors: Maalihan Reymark D , Aggari John Carlo V , Alon Alvin S , Latayan Roy B , Montalbo Francis Jesmar P , Javier Alvin D
Published: April 2024

Efficient optimization of polymeric materials in fused filament fabrication 3D printing (FFF 3DP) is crucial for productivity, cost reduction, resource conservation, consistency, and enhanced part performance. This study employed a multiresponse central composite design of experiments (CCD-DOE) with the desirability function algorithm (DFA) to optimize printing settings on polylactic acid (PLA) using a commercial FFF 3D printer. The goal was to identify optimal parameters for faster build time and reduced material usage in PLA part fabrication. The fabrication process involved computer-aided design and modeling of standard PLA dogbone specimens, meeting ASTM-D638 Type 1 tensile test standards. These specimens were then 3D printed using Ultimaker Green RAL 6018 PLA filament and a 2+ model printer set at varying print parameters. Reduced second-order polynomial models for printing time and PLA weight were generated using stepwise regression, eliminating noninfluential parameters. The models revealed that higher layer thickness, increased print speed, and lower infill density resulted in faster printing times, while lower infill density and higher layer thickness led to lighter PLA prints. DFA analysis determined the optimal settings as a layer thickness of 0.26–0.30 mm and an infill density of 35% for minimizing printing time and PLA weight. The stress–strain curves displayed characteristic high-strength, brittle behavior under tension, while tensile testing of optimized PLA parts revealed increased strength with low strain at the break when layers were aligned parallel to the applied force. These findings advance additive manufacturing and provide practical guidelines for high-quality 3D-printed PLA components. Optimizing FFF 3DP parameters enables efficient production with reduced time and material usage, enhancing cost-effectiveness and the fabrication of high-performance 3D printed products.
The performance of marginal structural models for estimating risk differences and relative risks using weighted univariate generalized linear models
Authors: Austin Peter C
Published: April 2024

We used Monte Carlo simulations to compare the performance of marginal structural models (MSMs) based on weighted univariate generalized linear models (GLMs) to estimate risk differences and relative risks for binary outcomes in observational studies. We considered four different sets of weights based on the propensity score: inverse probability of treatment weights with the average treatment effect as the target estimand, weights for estimating the average treatment effect in the treated, matching weights and overlap weights. We considered sample sizes ranging from 500 to 10,000 and allowed the prevalence of treatment to range from 0.1 to 0.9. We examined both the robust variance estimator when using generalized estimating equations with an independent working correlation matrix and a bootstrap variance estimator for estimating the standard error of the risk difference and the log-relative risk. The performance of these methods was compared with that of direct weighting. Both the direct weighting approach and MSMs based on weighted univariate GLMs resulted in the identical estimates of risk differences and relative risks. When sample sizes were small to moderate, the use of an MSM with a bootstrap variance estimator tended to result in the most accurate estimates of standard errors. When sample sizes were large, the direct weighting approach and an MSM with a bootstrap variance estimator tended to produce estimates of standard error with similar accuracy. When using a MSM to estimate risk differences and relative risks, in general it is preferable to use a bootstrap variance estimator than the robust variance estimator. We illustrate the application of the different methods for estimating risks differences and relative risks using an observational study on the effect on mortality of discharge prescribing of a beta-blocker in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction.
The Hundred: A sociological analysis of gender relations and the (semi-) professionalisation of women's cricket in England
Authors: Fletcher Thomas , Velija Philippa , Nicholson Rafaelle
Published: April 2024

In this article, we adopt a critical sociological perspective to understanding gender relations and cricket, through the lens of The Hundred – a new, short-form tournament, described by the England and Wales Cricket Board as being part of its long-term commitment to making cricket a gender-equal sport. The Hundred is the first sporting tournament in the world which, from the outset, featured fully aligned competitions for both men's and women's teams, including equal prize money, but not equal pay, which the recent Independent Commission for Equity in Cricket condemned. Drawing on concepts of professionalisation as a gendered process we discuss data from interviews with 33 people working in cricket to consider how gender relations continue to impact opportunities for women in cricket. This article further supports the need to conceptualise professionalisation in sport as gendered by considering the ways The Hundred facilitates opportunities for men's and women's cricket differently.
A Social Media Platform Model of Supreme Court News
Authors: Truscott Jake S.
Published: April 2024

An economic model of news contends that the pressures of limited column space and market competition force media actors to be strategic concerning which notable events receive exhaustive coverage, if any at all. Applying this framework to the Supreme Court can explain why coverage of the Justices’ decision-making has historically been sensationalized and reserved for decisions sure to have a pronounced effect on public discourse. However, the emergence of social media as a practical alternative for mass media dissemination raises notable questions, chief among them being whether the economic framework fully extends to this newer medium. In this study, I analyze media coverage of the Court’s decisions using Twitter and observe important distinctions among environments for news dissemination. I argue that the apparent reduction in the economic costs associated with coverage dissemination and consumption on social media platforms like Twitter requires viewing Supreme Court news in these environments through an amended theoretical framework.
Seeking and Attaining Romantic Relationships: Counseling Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Noble Nicole , Bueno Nicholas , Lourenco Miles , Stafford Justin , O’Connor Jennifer , Williams Alandra , Castañeda Carlos
Published: April 2024

An autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis significantly influences an individual's social interactions and communication, which creates unique concerns for college students with ASD when forming romantic relationships. This nine-year study, involving 124 individuals with ASD provides implications for couples and family counselors supporting individuals with ASD seeking romantic connections.
Andexanet Alfa Neutralizes the Anticoagulant Effects of Unfractionated Heparin of Bovine, Ovine and Porcine Origin Almost as Protamine Sulfate
Authors: Siddiqui Fakiha , Hoppensteadt Debra , Jeske Walter , Ramacciotti Eduardo , Tafur Alfonso , Fareed Jawed
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Andexanet alfa (AA) - zhzo, recombinant coagulation factor Xa, is an approved antidote for oral Xa inhibitors (apixaban and rivaroxaban). Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is commonly used for therapeutic, interventional, and surgical indications. Protamine sulfate (PrSO4) is frequently used to neutralize UFH. This study aimed to investigate the comparative neutralization profiles of AA and PrSO4 for heparins of bovine, ovine, and porcine origin.

Materials and Methods

The neutralization effect of PrSO4 at 25 µg/ml and AA at 100 µg/ml was studied on an approximate surgical/interventional concentration of heparin by supplementing whole blood with each of the heparins at 25 µg/ml. For the clotting profile (activated partial thromboplastin time: aPTT), amidolytic (anti-Xa and anti-IIa), and thrombin generation assay each of the heparin were supplemented from –10–0.62 µg/ml.

Results

In the whole blood ACT studies, all three heparins produced strong anti-coagulant effects (400–450 seconds) compared to saline (130–150 seconds). Both AA and PrSO4 almost fully neutralized the anti-coagulant effects of heparins (140–160 seconds). Both antidotes completely reversed the anticoagulant effects of all three heparins in the aPTT and thrombin generation assay. However, PrSO4 was more effective in neutralizing the anti-Xa, and anti-IIa effects than AA, which only partially neutralized these effects.

Conclusion

Andexanet alfa at 100 µg/ml effectively neutralizes the therapeutic and surgical/interventional concentrations of heparins in in-vitro settings. While differences in the anti-Xa, and anti-IIa effects between heparins were noted, anti-coagulant effect of these agents in the aPTT assay were comparable. A similar neutralization profile was observed in the ACT and thrombin generation assays by both agents.
The Influence of Market Entry Strategies on the Success of Digital Service Innovations in the Mobility Sector
Authors: Eckert Theresa , Hüsig Stefan , Doblinger Claudia
Published: April 2024

The phenomenon of servitization paired with digitalization has resulted in an emerging research stream referred to as digital service innovation (DSI). DSI has attracted much interest in academia and industry, given its increasing economic importance. However, extant innovation research still exhibits a strong product innovation focus and limited attention to the end of the innovation process, especially the determinants of innovation success. We investigate the role of market entry strategies for DSI success in digital service and platform settings. Drawing on a novel sample of 325 DSIs in the mobility sector, we examine the role of three types of market entry strategies, that is, market entry order, brand extensions, and home country advantage on the success of the DSI. The results indicate that early market entry and individual brands rather than extensions of existing brands are relevant determinants of DSI success, and that this impact depends on the level of business model innovativeness and competitive intensity. By examining the uniqueness of market entry strategies for DSI success, this paper adds novel insights for DSI and their success factors to the digital and service innovation literature. In doing so, we also suggest essential strategies that help practitioners advance DSI performance.
Newly recognized orbital malformations in kabuki syndrome: A case report
Authors: Wu Pengsen , Xiong Cheng , Rao Jing , Ouyang Ming , Zhang Hua , Wu Yuqing , Liu Guiqin
Published: April 2024

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare congenital disorder with distinctive characteristics. Herein, we describe a KS patient carrying a novel mutation in the KMT2D gene, c.11785C > T (p.Gln3929*). The patient presented with typical eyelid deformities, including eversion of the lateral lower eyelids, long palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, and medial epicanthus. Orbital computed tomography revealed orbital bone malformation with temporally and inferiorly displaced zygomatic bone. The bilateral orbits were shallow with an enlarged angle between the lateral walls. Zygomatic and maxillary bone dysplasia were also observed. Orbital bone anomalies are thought to be one of the characteristics of KS.
Similar incidence of postoperative sciatic nerve palsy in direct anterior and posterior approach total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Coden Gloria S , Olsen Aaron A , Schoeller Lauren E , Niu Ruijia , Pichiotino Erin R , Freccero David M , Smith Eric L
Published: April 2024

Background:

Sciatic nerve palsy is a rare but devastating complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). While the use of the direct anterior approach is increasing, limited data exist regarding sciatic nerve palsy and surgical approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors and outcomes associated with sciatic nerve palsy (SNP) after THA.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was performed at a single institution of 7 SNP that occurred in 4045 THA via direct anterior approach and 10 SNP in 8854 THA via posterior approach, being operated between 01 January 2017 and 12 December 2021. SNP patients were matched 1:5 to patients without SNP. Medical records were reviewed for demographics including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, and preoperative indication. Additional workup of SNP patients including advanced imaging and reoperation were documented. Recovery grades were assigned to all SNP patients at most recent clinical follow-up.

Results:

5 of the SNP were complete and 12 partial. They occurred as frequently with the direct anterior (0.17%) and posterior approach (0.11%, p  = 0.5). The presence of femur cables and reoperations were associated with SNP ( p  = 0.04 and p  = 0.002, respecitvely). Age, gender, BMI, comorbidities, and surgical indication had no effect on SNP. 4 of the 17 affected patients had almost complete recovery at latest follow-up.

Conclusions:

The incidence of SNP was similar in direct anterior and posterior approach. Surgeons should counsel patients regarding the risks of SNP regardless of the used approach.
Caring for present and future generations alike: Longtermism and moral regard across temporal and social distance
Authors: Syropoulos Stylianos , Law Kyle Fiore , Young Liane
Published: April 2024

In a comprehensive investigation involving a reanalysis of an existing study and five new preregistered studies ( N = 4,032), we investigate whether empirically identified longtermists, determined by their Longtermism Beliefs Scale (LBS) scores, exhibit heightened moral regard for present and future generations across social distances. Longtermists consistently value future generations, present generations, outgroups, and nature more than the general population does, as measured by the Moral Expansiveness Scale (MES). They also exhibit reduced dehumanization tendencies towards outgroups and future people, alongside greater identification with their community, compatriots, and all humans. Various factors explain the link between longtermism beliefs and moral regard, with moral obligation and identification with all of humanity potentially mediating it. Notably, the LBS maintains its significant impact on moral regard even when considering other future-oriented factors, highlighting its unique predictive power. These findings offer valuable insights into longtermist ethics, bridging theory and practical implications for safeguarding present and future generations amidst existential threats.
Using the five-factor model of personality to identify an optimal SWAT team member
Authors: Sjöberg Anders , Larsson Agneta C , Tedeholm Peter G
Published: April 2024

This study, based on the five-factor model (FFM) of personality, aimed to identify personality traits associated with the most optimal special weapons and tactics (SWAT) team member. SWAT teams are tasked with pre-empting and responding to terrorist threats, conducting hostage rescue operations, and managing situations that exceed the capabilities of conventional law enforcement agencies. The study sought to provide a deeper understanding of how personality traits function within the high-stakes context of these teams. It involved 159 male SWAT officers in active service within the Swedish Police Authority. A work analysis instrument, the Personality Job Profiler (PJP), was administered to these officers, who served as subject matter experts (SMEs) in a comprehensive personality work analysis. Specifically, the study addressed two research questions: How can an optimal SWAT police officer personality profile be operationalized when translated to the FFM of personality? What is the association between this optimal SWAT profile and the ratings of ten Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders personality disorder profiles, based on the FFM of personality? The findings suggest that successful SWAT officers should exhibit low neuroticism and high conscientiousness, specifically featuring low vulnerability and high levels of competence, dutifulness, and self-discipline. Notably, the SWAT profile differs significantly from personality disorders, such as borderline, schizotypal, dependent, and avoidant, when operationalized with the FFM of personality. These results have significant implications for developing predictors for the selection process and can enhance the selection procedures for future SWAT members. This may also prompt further studies on criteria-related validity using various personality assessment methods.
‘This is not a drill’: Police and partnership preparedness for consequences of the climate crisis
Authors: Lydon David , Hallenberg Katja , Kapageorgiadou Violeta
Published: April 2024

This scoping study investigates the state of preparedness of the police and their partners for the potential consequences of the climate crisis in a United Kingdom (UK) context. The research engaged participants at strategic, tactical and operational levels of planning and operations, and conducted a thematic analysis of qualitative data to identify key themes: climate change impacts; why the police should care; prioritisation and preparation; and enabling and impeding factors. The results suggest that the police and their partners may be ill-prepared for the gamut of possible consequences. Preparedness appears hampered by a narrow focus on legislated requirements, short-term planning, lack of funding and resources, and limited prescience. Recommendations are made for redefining planning parameters, strengthening central government engagement, amplifying awareness and understanding of trend analyses, prioritisation of ‘futures’ thinking, ethical considerations and collaborative preparedness. The study has implications for law, public policy and professional practice in the UK, and other global jurisdictions seeking to develop risk assessment processes and preparedness for the consequences of climate change.
Ictal Coprolalia: Three Cases with Nondominat Frontal Lobe Involvement and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sokmen Okan , Tezer F. Irsel , Oguz Kader Karli , Volkan-Salanci Bilge , Ergün Eser Lay , Saygi Serap
Published: April 2024

Objective: Coprolalia is defined as the involuntary use of obscene, socially unacceptable, and derogatory words. Ictal coprolalia is a rare presentation of epilepsy. This study aimed to determine the localizing and lateralizing value and frequency of ictal coprolalia in epilepsy patients. Methods: Medical files, discharge summaries, and electroencephalography (EEG) reports of 2238 patients were reviewed retrospectively. We identified patients who suffered from ictal coprolalia. Electroencephalography reports, neuroimaging [brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT)] records, F-18 FDG fused on MRI images, and ictal SPECT fused on MRI images were evaluated. Also, original and review articles were identified through a systematic search of Pubmed, Scopus, and Clarivate Analytics. Results: Ictal coprolalia was detected in 3 male (0.15%) patients. In all patients, ictal semiology was extratemporal-frontal type, and potential/proven epileptic focus was non-dominant hemisphere frontal lobe. Topectomy was done in one of the patients, including the suspected dysplastic area plus the area where the electroencephalographic ictal and interictal changes occur, on the left frontal lobe, and the patient had an Engel's classification class IIA. The data depending on the published cases showed that ictal coprolalia was dominant in the male gender and the responsible epileptic area tended to be located in the non-dominant hemisphere frontotemporal region. Conclusion: The rate of ictal coprolalia in the Turkish population is lower compared to other series. Our results are consistent with previous studies in which reported that male preponderance for ictal coprolalia and involvement of non-dominant frontal lobe.
Marvette Pérez: A Visionary Smithsonian Curator
Authors: Ruffins Fath Davis , Mieri Magdalena , Velasquez L. Stephen , Woodaman Ranald
Published: April 2024

Details the career of Marvette Perez (1961–2013), the first Latina curator at the National Museum of American History. Essay emphasizes her curatorial accomplishments, focusing on her collecting practices including some of the larger and smaller acquisitions that she added to the national collections of the Smithsonian Institution. Large collections discussed include the Teodoro Collection of Puerto Rican History, the Goya Foods Inc. Collection, and the Celia Cruz Collection. Smaller collections mentioned include the Diosa Costello Collection, the Tito Puente Collection, the Mongo Santamaria Collection, and a collection of panos from New Mexico. Archival collections are also referenced such as the Clotilde Arias Collection, Latin Jazz Oral History Program, and the Puerto Rican Division of Community Education. Also mentioned is the prior history of Hispanic collecting in the museum conducted by curator Richard Ahlborn which focused on Spanish settlements in the southwestern United States.
Wrong, Strong, and Silent: What Happens when Automated Systems With High Autonomy and High Authority Misbehave?
Authors: Dekker Sidney W. A. , Woods David D.
Published: April 2024

Warnings about the risks of literal-minded automation—a system that can’t tell if its model of the world is the world it is actually in—have been sounded for over 70 years. The risk is that a system will do the “right” thing—its actions are appropriate given its model of the world, but it is actually in a different world—producing unexpected/unintended behavior and potentially harmful effects. This risk—wrong, strong, and silent automation—looms larger today as our ability to deploy increasingly autonomous systems and delegate greater authority to such systems expands. It already produces incidents, outages of valued services, financial losses, and fatal accidents across different settings. This paper explores this general and out-of-control risk by examining a pair of fatal aviation accidents which revolved around wrong, strong and silent automation.
A deep learning-based calculation system for plaque stenosis severity on common carotid artery of ultrasound images
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Gao Wenjing , Song Di , Dong Yinghui , Hong Shaofu , Cui Chen , Shi Siyuan , Wu Kai , Chen Jiayi , Xu Jinfeng , Dong Fajin
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Assessment of plaque stenosis severity allows better management of carotid source of stroke. Our objective is to create a deep learning (DL) model to segment carotid intima-media thickness and plaque and further automatically calculate plaque stenosis severity on common carotid artery (CCA) transverse section ultrasound images.

Methods

Three hundred and ninety images from 376 individuals were used to train (235/390, 60%), validate (39/390, 10%), and test (116/390, 30%) on a newly proposed CANet model. We also evaluated the model on an external test set of 115 individuals with 122 images acquired from another hospital. Comparative studies were conducted between our CANet model with four state-of-the-art DL models and two experienced sonographers to re-evaluate the present model’s performance.

Results

On the internal test set, our CANet model outperformed the four comparative models with Dice values of 95.22% versus 90.15%, 87.48%, 90.22%, and 91.56% on lumen-intima (LI) borders and 96.27% versus 91.40%, 88.94%, 91.19%, and 92.88% on media-adventitia (MA) borders. On the external test set, our model still produced excellent results with a Dice value of 92.41%. Good consistency of stenosis severity calculation was observed between CANet model and experienced sonographers, with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.927 and 0.702, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient of 0.928 and 0.704 on internal and external test set, respectively.

Conclusions

Our CANet model achieved excellent performance in the segmentation of carotid IMT and plaques as well as automated calculation of stenosis severity.
A pilot randomized control trial on the feasibility, acceptability, and initial effects of a digital-assisted parenting intervention for promoting mental health in Malaysian adolescents
Authors: Zulkefly Nor Sheereen , Dzeidee Schaff Anis Raihan , Zaini Nur Arfah , Mukhtar Firdaus , Dahlan Rahima
Published: April 2024

Objective

Online parenting interventions for enhancing child development, specifically mental health is relatively new in Malaysia. This pilot study tests the feasibility, acceptability, and initial effects of a universal digital-assisted parenting intervention (DaPI) in promoting mental health in adolescents by improving parental behaviors and self-efficacy.

Methods

A two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted. Twenty-four mothers of adolescent aged 10 to 14 years from a non-clinical sample were recruited online and randomly allocated into two groups (intervention [DaPI] and waitlist-control [WLC]). Eight weekly sessions were delivered online via technological devices. Feasibility outcomes were based on the participants’ engagement in DaPI and study retention. Primary (parental behaviors and self-efficacy) and secondary (adolescent mental health) outcomes were assessed using an online survey at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and 1-month follow-up (T2). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and an intention-to-treat approach.

Results

The DaPI was well received by the mothers. Retention was high (81.8%) in both groups and intervention adherence was excellent (91.6%). Within-group analyses showed a significant decrease in physical control at T2 and an increase in parental self-efficacy at T1 and T2 among the DaPI mothers. No significant differences were observed in adolescents’ mental health at any time point. As for the WLC group, there were no significant differences in all the outcome variables across the three assessment moments. Between groups analyses revealed DaPI mothers had significant differences in proactive parenting at T1, and in positive reinforcement and lax control at T2. There were no significant differences in adolescents’ mental health between the groups at any time point.

Discussion

The DaPI is feasible and acceptable in the Malaysian context. Findings show promise regarding the initial effects of the DaPI. However, a larger RCT is needed to determine its effectiveness in promoting mental health of adolescents.

Trial registration

https://www.irct.ir/ ; identifier: IRCT20211129053207N1.
Systematic Review of Cocaine-Treatment Interventions for Black Americans
Authors: Dogan-Dixon Jardin , Wheeler Paris B. , Cunningham Krystal , Stevens-Watkins Danelle , Stoops William W.
Published: April 2024

Evidence-based drug-treatment studies that have shaped best practice in the United States demonstrate racial differences in effectiveness, with Black participants reporting worse outcomes compared with White participants. There are disproportionate cocaine-related overdose deaths affecting Black Americans, with limited information about interventions that serve them best. Culturally tailored treatment approaches, which incorporate participants’ salient identities and experiences, have shown effectiveness in meta-analyses. Thus, in this qualitative systematic review, we used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify both culturally universal and culturally tailored treatment-intervention studies that addressed cocaine outcomes among Black Americans. Four hundred two articles met initial criteria, 330 were reviewed by independent coders, and k = 30 treatment approaches are described in the article. Results indicate 72% of culturally tailored interventions were effective at reducing cocaine use compared with 47% of culturally universal interventions. Implications for provision and funding of effective cocaine-treatment interventions for Black Americans are critical to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike.
Analysis of Player Performance and Financial Costs Associated With Implementation of an Updated National Hockey League Concussion Protocol: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Gaudiani Michael A. , Castle Joshua P. , Wolterink Trevor D. , Sprys-Tellner Thomas J. , Haan Jager W. , Sean Lynch T.
Published: April 2024

Background:

An updated National Hockey League (NHL) concussion protocol (NHLCP) was established in the 2016-2017 season to mitigate the negative outcomes of sport-related concussions. However, few studies on the effects of implementing the NHLCP have been performed.

Purpose:

To define concussion incidence and investigate differences in NHL player performance after a concussion during periods before and after NHLCP implementation and assess the financial impact on NHL teams associated with NHLCP implementation.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of NHL players who sustained a concussion before (2000-2001 to 2015-2016 seasons) and after (2016-2017 to 2020-2021 seasons) implementing the NHLCP (pre-NHLCP and post-NHLCP groups). For each group, multiple performance metrics—including 30 days, 1 season, and 3 seasons before and after concussion—were compared for both groups. Return to play, total concussion cost, and association of return to play with cost were investigated using regression analysis.

Results:

A total of 452 players (423 skaters, 29 goalies) sustained concussions during the study period, including 331 players (315 skaters, 16 goalies) in the pre-NHLCP group and 121 players (108 skaters, 13 goalies) in the post-NHLCP group. For both groups, no significant differences in standard performance were observed during the 30-day and 1-season periods before and after concussion. The mean return to play was significantly higher in the pre-NHLCP group than in the post-NHLCP group (20.1 vs 15.7 days; P = .022). The mean adjusted player salary was not different between groups; nonetheless, the mean adjusted replacement player salary was significantly higher in the post-NHLCP group ($744,505 vs $896,942; P = .032). The mean cost of time missed did not differ between groups. The mean return to play time significantly decreased over the entire study period ( R2 = 0.33; P = .005), and the mean return to play time was positively associated with cost R2 = 0.215; P = .030).

Conclusion:

Concussion incidence did not change after implementation of the updated NHLCP; nonetheless, players had significantly less missed time from injury after protocol implementation. Changes in player performance 30 days and 1 year before and after concussion injury were not different before and after NHLCP implementation. No differences were found in the financial cost of concussions between the pre- and post-NHLCP groups, and missed time was significantly correlated with mean cost from missed time.
Design of tie-columns in confined masonry structures for lateral loads
Authors: Borah Bonisha , Gupta Akshay , Singhal Vaibhav , Kaushik Hemant B
Published: April 2024

Confined masonry (CM) buildings are generally designed with an expectation that masonry walls withstand all possible loads imparted on the buildings. The reinforced concrete (RC) confining members, also known as tie-members, have the sole purpose of constraining the masonry and avoiding its outward spread during lateral earthquake loading. Reliable design rules for tie-columns are scarce in design codes of CM structures, often resulting in the nominal design of tie-elements without considering the influence of all the important parameters related to the material and geometric properties of CM wall. This often results in the construction of weaker tie-members, especially the tie-columns, that can lead to their direct failure and the failure of the entire wall during earthquakes. To address this issue, a methodology was developed for assessing the design shear forces for the tie-columns as well as masonry subjected to lateral loading by utilizing the past observations from systematic experimental and numerical studies. The efficacy of this methodology was evaluated in the present experimental study conducted on CM walls with varying aspect ratios. The test results demonstrated that the proposed methodology can result in a significant improvement in the lateral load behavior of CM walls, by delaying the shear failure of tie-columns without jeopardizing other functional requirements.
The dry-gel conversion synthesis of the lithium sodium borosilicate jadarite, LiNaSiB3O7(OH)
Authors: Rhodes Matilda , Armstrong Robin , Hillier Adrian D. , Putzolu Francesco , Kirk Caroline
Published: April 2024

The lithium sodium borosilicate jadarite, LiNaSiB3O7(OH), was first identified in 2007 in the Jadar basin, Serbia, where it forms the principal ore mineral of one of Europe's largest Li deposits. We report the successful application of the dry-gel conversion technique (DGC) to synthesise a jadarite analogue, via a dry-gel precursor made using sol-gel synthesis and the inclusion of the structure directing agent tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH). Pawley refinement of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data collected on the synthetic sample was carried out using a monoclinic unit cell in space group P21/c (Whitfield et al., 2007), and gave refined unit cell parameters of a = 6.824(3) Å, b = 13.882(5) Å, c = 7.735(3) Å and β = 124.37(1)° (Rwp = 9.22). Inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES) on the synthetic sample confirmed an empirical formula of Li1.07Na1.40Si0.79B3O7.32(OH), based on three B atoms per formula unit (apfu). The synthetic product was found to be deficient in Si compared to natural jadarite from analysis of PXRD and ICP–OES data. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that synthetic jadarite has peaks at 1415 and 1342 cm–1 and between 1180 and 900 cm–1, which are attributed to the presence of trigonal (BO3) and tetrahedral (BO4) borate groups characteristic of the natural jadarite structure, as well as a broad peak at 3441 cm–1 due to the presence of residual TEAOH. Scanning electron microscopy showed similarities in the morphologies between synthetic and natural jadarite particles.