bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Literasi Pemasaran Digital Pelaku UMKM Jasa Service AC di Jakarta Timur.
Authors: Ariyani Nafiah , Septiani Mira
Published: August 2024

Pengetahuan tentang pemasaran digital saat ini sangat diperlukan oleh pelaku bisnis tak terkecuali pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM). Kemampuan menggunakan media digital untuk mengenal lebih baik konsumennya dan mempromosikan produk menjadi prasyarat keberhasilan bisnis terlebih bagi pebisnis jasa. Salah satu jasa UMKM yang bertumbuh di kota-kota besar adalah usaha service AC. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan penulis, para pemilik jasa service AC umumnya belum mempunyai pemahaman yang baik tentang pemasaran digital. Sebagai upaya untuk berkontribusi dalam persoalan ini maka kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini dilakukan. Kegiatan PKM ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan pelaku usaha jasa service AC di wilayah Jakarta Timur dan menerapkan Google Maps, WB (WhatsApp Bussiness) dan IG (Instagram) pada usaha mereka. Kegiatan dilakukan menggunakan metode ceramah, workshop dan pendampingan yang belangsung selama dua bulan. Mitra kegiatan PKM berjumlah sepuluh orang. Untuk mengetahui keberhasilan kegiatan dilakukan evaluasi pretest dan posttest. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan mitra sebelum dan setelah dilakukan pelatihan dan workshop. Dari hasil pemantauan diketahui jumlah pelanggan yang menghubungi mitra mengalami peningkatan setelah mitra membuat akun Google Maps, WB (WhatsApp Bussiness) dan IG (Instagram).
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Published: August 2024

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PENGEMBANGAN COMPANY PROFILE BERBASIS WEBSITE PADA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN SWASTA YP 17 CILEGON MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK LARAVEL
Authors: Fahram Muhammad Khaidir , Gustina Gustina , Kusuma Vina Vijaya , Hammada Purnama Gladys
Published: August 2024

Media information websites that already exist at SMKS YP 17 Cilegon have not gone well due to a lack of accurate content and information. Hence, the delivery of information at SMKS YP 17 Cilegon is still manual, such as using banners and brochures. Therefore, Vocational High School YP 17 Cilegon requires media information that is fast, precise, and interesting without having to go to school and can be accessed online by the broader community in order to obtain accurate information. The method used in this study is the waterfall method by analyzing data obtained from the school and then developing a company profile website for Vocational High School YP 17 Cilegon the design used to create this company profile website uses the PHP programming language and one of them is. from PHP frameworks. (Hypertext Preprocessor), namely Laravel, for the database the author uses MySql. The results of this study are to make it easier for students, teachers, and the wider community to get information quickly and accurately.
A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: COMO CONTINUAR ‘FAZENDO’ SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA? CONTEXTUALIZANDO O CENÁRIO
Authors: Bozola Amanda da Silva , Mottin Juliana Veiga , Seima Marcia Daniele , Faria Maria Fernanda
Published: August 2024

Trata-se de estudo de campo exploratório quantitativo, cujo objetivo principal é analisar o impacto da pandemia de SARS-Cov-2 na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. A pesquisa foi realizada em um município de grande porte na região metropolitana da capital paranaense, contemplando Unidades Básicas de Saúde – não rurais, que mantiveram os atendimentos de Estratégia de Saúde da Família durante o período que compreende pandemia. Ao todo, foram elencados oito estabelecimentos do território de forma aleatória. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um formulário próprio produzido no Google forms, desenvolvido exclusivamente para esta pesquisa, contendo sete (7) perguntas fechadas e uma (1) pergunta aberta. Os dados foram analisados no programa excell.  A pesquisa transcorreu entre os dias 13 a 27 de agosto de 2021 e atingiu 75 profissionais dos oito estabelecimentos de saúde participantes. Do questionário emergiu oito eixos diferentes: qualificação dos atendimentos, qualificação do vínculo, qualificação da longitudinalidade, atendimentos a doentes crônicos, atendimentos a gestantes, atendimento a crianças menores de 2 anos, visitas domiciliares e perspectivas de futuro.
Community-Based Tourism Model Development in Increasing Community Involvement and Welfare: A Case Study of Huta Tinggi Village and Huta Bolon Samosir Village
Authors: Yenni Novida , Elfayetti Elfayetti , Delita Fitra , Debyana Debyana
Published: August 2024

North Sumatra has tourism potential that is well known to foreign countries, one of the tourist objects is Lake Toba in the Samosir district. Lake Toba was formed from volcanic and tectonic processes and has carved extraordinary natural beauty so that it has become an attractive and well-known tourist destination not only by local tourists but also known by foreign tourists. Its natural beauty in the form of a lake surrounded by hills presents a view that is no less beautiful than Lake Toba itself and is an inseparable unit from the life of its people (known as the Toba Samosir people). This natural tourism potential can certainly be developed by utilizing local wisdom in the form of local customs and culture by involving the community to participate in developing tourism potential. The purpose of this study was to analyze the tourism potential in Huta Bolon and Huta Tinggi Village, Samosir Regency, evaluate community readiness for the development of community-based tourism and local government efforts to develop tourism in Huta Bolon and Huta Tinggi Village, Samosir Regency. community-based tourism development policies in Huta Bolon and Huta Tinggi Village, Samosir Regency. Outcomes to be achieved in this study. With this model, the problem of action and poverty in society can be resolved. This study used a survey method with locations in Huta Bolon and Huta Tinggi Village, Samosir Regency. Sources of data in this study are the village community, community leaders and village officials. Data collection was carried out using observation techniques, questionnaires, interviews and documentary studies. Data analysis was carried out with the stages of reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results showed that the physical and social potential in Huta Bolon and Huta Tinggi Village could be developed for tourism. Moreover, the level of readiness of the community is relatively high. The formulation of the CBT model is called the CBT model RP3I (Community Based Tourism: Relationship, Planning, Producing, Promoting and Involvement).
Modifying The Think Pair Share Technique based on The Metacognitive Reading Strategy to Enhance Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors:   Student of Master of English Education, University of Lampung, Indonesia, Kesuma Suri Widhya , Sutarsyah Cucu ,   Professor of English Education, University of Lampung, Indonesia, Nurweni Ari ,   Lecturer of English Education, University of Lampung, Indonesia
Published: August 2024

A more effective teaching approach often emerges when the limitations of one technique are addressed by integrating another. The Think-Pair-Share Technique, while valuable, has its limitations, which can be effectively mitigated by incorporating the Metacognitive Reading Strategy. This study aims to determine the significant difference in reading comprehension achievement between students taught using a modified Think-Pair-Share technique based on the Metacognitive Reading Strategy and those taught with the original Think-Pair-Share technique. Using a quasi-experimental research design and quantitative methods, the study involved two classes from SMA N 12 Bandar Lampung, each consisting of 30 students. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The results indicate that while both classes showed improvements in reading comprehension, the experimental group, which used the modified Think-Pair-Share technique based on the Metacognitive Reading Strategy, demonstrated a significantly greater improvement compared to the control group. The t-value is 4.625 with a significance level of 0.000, which is below the 0.05 threshold. Thus, it is concluded that the modified Think-Pair-Share technique based on the Metacognitive Reading Strategy significantly enhances students’ reading comprehension.
Influence of pyroligneous acid on cucumber cultivation under organoponic conditions
Authors: Rondón-Estrada Liliana , Gómez-Padilla Ernesto , Guevara-Hernández Francisco , La O-Arias Manuel , Reyes-Sosa Mariela , Viltres-Rodríguez Roberto
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Pyroligneous acid is recognised as an effective biostimulant in a wide range of crops, improving processes such as germination, growth and yield, as well as inducing stress tolerance and increasing plant resistance to adverse conditions. To evaluate the effect of applying pyroligneous acid (PA) foliarly and on the substrate on the growth, development and yield of cucumber crops, an experiment was set up under organoponic conditions in Bayamo, Granma, Cuba. Seven treatments were used, consisting of PA doses of 5 mL.L-1 foliar (FD1), 10 mL.L-1 foliar (FD2), 15 mL.L-1 foliar (FD3), 5 mL.L-1 substrate (SD1), 10 mL.L-1 (SD2), 15 mL (SD3) and an absolute control. The treatments were established using a completely randomised design. Each treatment was replicated three times, with a sample size of 15 plants per replicate. The product was applied at 7, 14 and 21 days after germination. At 21 days after germination, stem length (cm), stem base diameter (cm), number of leaves, leaf diameter and length (cm), number of branches formed per plant and yield (t.ha-1) were evaluated. The application of PA, both on the leaves and on the substrate, promoted plant growth and development at doses of 5 and 10 mL.L-1. Similarly, the yield-related variables also showed improvements with the application of the product, highlighting that the greatest stimulation was observed when the dose of 5 mL.L-1 was applied foliarly.
Keywords: Cucumis sativus L., vegetable, wood vinegar, biostimulant
Health Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Roadside Roasted Corn from Selected Areas of Bwari Local Government Area, FCT, Nigeria
Authors: Yisa Abraham Gana , Oziamo Ahmed Sekinat , Chukwu Maureen Nkemdilim , Aletan Uduak Irene , Oniye Sonnie Joshua , Adams Abiodun Emmanuel , Adaora Osegbo , Saliu Oluremi Aduke , Blessing Edogbo , Omada Stephen  , Ayodeji Idowu Oluwafemi , Sekegor Crescentia Ojenikoh
Published: August 2024

This research examined the presence of lead and cadmium in roasted corn sold by roadside vendors. Five locations (Market Square, Ade Femi Street, Abiola Road, SCC Road, and Primary School) were selected for the research according to the availability of vendors and vehicular activities. Roasted corns were oven-dried at 80°and digested according to standard methods. The concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were determined with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The data generated was analyzed with the R statistical program version 4.3.0. Lead and cadmium concentrations in the roasted corn varied significantly (p < 0.05) across the study locations. The Pb content of the roasted corn varied from 0.08±0.00 mg Kg-1 – to 0.29±0.00 mg kg-1. While Cd was found to be within the range of 0.006±0.00 mg kg-1 – 0.09±0.00 mg kg-1. Lead levels in roasted corn at Market Square were above WHO limits of 0.2 mg kg-1. However, The Cd levels were within the acceptable limit of 0.1 mg kg-1. The strong positive correlation observed between Pb-Cd pairs in the roasted corn was a strong indication of similarity in the origin of the contamination. The potential risk associated with Pb and Cd exposure in roasted corn was determined by the Average Daily Intake of metals (ADI, Health Risk Index (HRI), and Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR). The risk assessment indices revealed that HRI was < 1, indicating a non-potential health risk for adults and children. Also, the estimated ILCR for Pb and Cd was within the acceptable limit of 1 x 10-4 – 1x 10-6. This study shows that consumers of roasted corn sold at  Market Square may be at risk of lead toxicity with continuous exposure.
Determination of Bacterial Species Associated with Contamination of Poultry Feeds Produced by Three Different Companies in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Ezeagu Gloria G , Bukar Maryam , Fadayomi Morenike
Published: August 2024

Poultry farming is an efficient source of income and nutrition.  Feeds used for poultry are vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms.  This study aimed to assess bacterial contaminants of the poultry produced from three different companies in Abuja, Nigeria.  Samples of poultry feeds produced by three different companies were collected from three different batches and were processed and inoculated in nutrient agar, Eosin methylene blue agar (EMB), and Mannitol salt agar (MSA), incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours.  Colonies were counted, characterized, and subcultured to obtain pure cultures.  Pure isolates were identified using Gram reaction, cellular morphology, and biochemical characteristics. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolated bacterial species were determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. The total bacterial counts of samples analyzed showed that poultry feed from sample C had the highest mean bacterial counts of 2.49 x 105CFU/g.  The lowest was poultry feed sample A, with a mean count of 1.06 x 105CFU/g.  Sample B had a mean bacterial count of 2.14 x 105CFU/g.  The bacterial species isolated in the present study are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Proteus mirabilis.  Staphylococcus aureus was the most occurring isolate with a 47% occurrence rate and was present in all poultry feed samples.  Escherichia coli is the second most occurring with a 35% occurrence rate, then Salmonella with a 10% occurrence rate.  The least occurring was Proteus mirabilis, with an 8% occurrence rate.  S. aureus showed 100% susceptibility to all the antibiotics used, while P.  mirabilis recorded the highest resistance of 40 %, showing resistance to four of the ten antibiotics used.  This study reveals the presence and high microbial count in the different poultry feeds investigated.  This usually reflects the degree of hygienic procedures and biosecurity used in the feeds' handling, production, and storage.
The study of Candida albicans among Diabetic Patients attending some Selected Hospitals in Sokoto Metropolis
Authors: Iduh Michael Unata , Enitan Seyi Samson , Umar Asiya Iman , Mahmoud Abdurrhaman
Published: August 2024

Candidiasis is an infection caused by the yeast genus Candida that lives in or on certain parts of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract, the vagina, and even the skin.  This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Candida albicans among diabetic patients attending some selected hospitals in metropolis.  A total of 245 early-morning midstream urine samples were inoculated on SDA Saboraud dextrose agar.  The isolates were identified using Gram staining, germ tube test, and KOH test.  The prevalence of Candidiasis was 9.  Females had a higher prevalence of 5.7% compared to males (3.7%) regarding gender (P = 0.247).  Patients aged 30-34 years, 35-49 years, 40-44 years, 45-49 years and 50-54 years had prevalence of 0.0%, 0.4%, 0.4%, 0.4% and 8.0% respectively.  Patients aged 55 years and above were the most infected in this study (7.3%) (P = 0.796).  Due to high blood glucose levels and old age, regular clinic check-ups are highly recommended to prevent avoidable complications.  These findings suggest that women are the most vulnerable compared to men. Therefore, it is necessary to continue evaluating the Candida albicans infection rate in diabetic patients in hospitals and the community.
In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts of Annona senegalensis Against Selected Bacteria Associated with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Yilave BENEDICTA M , Sar Terdzungwe T , Agada Emmanuel Oloche
Published: August 2024

The study assessed the antibacterial activity of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaves, bark, and roots of A. senegalensis against selected bacteria associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs). The extracts of A. senegalensis were obtained by soxhlet extraction method. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out using standard procedures. The bacteria tested were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from urine samples of UTI patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the agar well diffusion method, while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth dilution method using two-fold serial dilutions. The qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phenols, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and cardiac glycosides. Zones of inhibition of extracts ranged between 16.33±0.58 – 24.67±0.58 mm (leaf extracts), 14.00±1.00 – 21.33 ±0.58 mm (bark extracts) and 14.67±0.58 – 21.00±1.00 mm (root extracts). The higest zone of inhibition (24.67±0.58 mm) observed was against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with aqueous leaf extract, while the least inhibition (14.00±1.00 mm) was with ethyl acetate bark extract, also against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MIC values ranged from 25 – 100 mg/mL, while MBC values were from 50 – 200 mg/mL against the test isolates. A. senegalensis demonstrated great antibacterial potential, and can be recommended for the treatment of UTIs.
Evaluation of Co-production of Colistin Resistance and ESBL Genes among Gram-negative Clinical Isolates from Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Nuhu Tanko , Olawale Sulaiman A , Raji Mudasiru I O
Published: August 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of colistin-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) gene co-production among Gram-negative clinical isolates from Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital in Sokoto.
Notably, 13.9% of the isolates exhibited phenotypic co-production of colistin resistance and ESBL, with a significant presence of blaCTX-M and CTX-M 8 genes among ESBL producers, although no colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) were detected via PCR.
These findings highlight the necessity for integrated molecular and phenotypic investigations to fully elucidate resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria and underscore the need for further research to uncover alternative pathways contributing to observed resistance phenotypes.

Full Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Its effects include high mortality and morbidity rates, treatment failure, and increased treatment costs. This study aimed to evaluate the co-production of colistin-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes among Gram-negative clinical isolates from Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital in Sokoto. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from clinical specimens, including urine, feces, and wound aspirates. The Double-Disk Synergy Test and the Colistin Agar Test, respectively, were used to phenotypically validate the existence of colistin resistance and ESBL. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for molecular characterization. Primers were used to target genes linked to colistin resistance (mcr-1 and mcr-2) and ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, CTX-M 1, CTX-M 2, and CTX-M 8). The findings indicated that 13.9% of the isolates displayed co-production of Colistin and ESBL, and of these isolates, 60% had blaCTX-M genes, and 20% had CTX-M 8 linked to ESBL production. However, the presence of colistin resistance genes was not detected by PCR. Therefore, molecular analysis did not confirm the existence of the colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) in these isolates. Consequently, the findings showed no molecular co-production of the ESBL and colistin resistance genes. This work emphasizes how crucial it is to look into molecular and phenotypic traits to completely comprehend how colistin resistance and ESBL genes coexist in Gram-negative isolates. More research is required to investigate other mechanisms behind the resistance phenotypes identified.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection and its Association with the Risk of Cervical Cancer among Hiv-Positive Women in Plateau State, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Yakubu , Ajang A Y , Ella E E , Oguntayo A O , Aminu M
Published: August 2024

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt

This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of HPV among HIV-infected women in Plateau State, Nigeria, highlighting a significant correlation between low CD4+ counts, high viral loads, and increased HPV infection rates.
By utilizing comprehensive diagnostic methods including ELISA for HPV detection and cytology for cervical abnormalities, the research offers robust data linking immunosuppression and HPV-related cervical pathology in a high-risk population.
The findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve sexual health behaviors and further research on how low immunity accelerates cervical cancer progression in both HIV-positive women and the broader population.

Full Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) associated with cervical, uterine, and anogenital cancers. Persistent infection with HPV is associated with abnormal cervical cells, which can develop into cervical cancer if left untreated. Human papillomaviruses are the first viruses to have been acknowledged to prompt carcinogenesis, and they are linked with cancers of the uterine cervix, anogenital tumours, and head and neck malignancies. A hospital-based study of HIV-infected women across the three senatorial zones of Plateau State, Nigeria, was conducted between November 2018 to November 2020. Ethical approval for the study was first obtained from the ethical committee of Plateau State Specialist Hospital Jos, and informed consent to participate in the research was also obtained from each participant. HIV status confirmation was first done through standard rapid test procedures, followed by cytology testing via the Pap smear procedure to detect any precancerous or malignant changes in the cervix. Subsequent detection of HPV utilized the ELISA procedure, while CD4+ cell count and viral load estimations were done using flow cytometry and nucleic acid amplification techniques, respectively. Questionnaires were administered to obtain information on cervical cancer risk factors and clinical presentations. The overall prevalence of HPV was 28% among HIV-infected women. More HPV infection (31.9%) occurred in women with low CD4+ count (0-200 cells/mm3), and also highest (50.0%) among women with the highest HIV viral load (>100 copies/mL). The possible risk factors identified in this study include multiple sexual partnering, low condom usage, and coinfection with other STIs, among others. In conclusion, this study identified a high HPV prevalence, low CD4+ counts, and coinfection with other STIs among high-risk populations (HIV-infected women). We, therefore, recommend improved sexual behaviours and further research on the impact of low immunity on the rate of progression of cervical abnormality to cervical cancer, not just in HIV-positive women but in the general population.
Ultrasonography Analysis and Incidence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among some Selected Junior Secondary School Students in Rigachikun, Igabi Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Jibril Jamila , Lawal Sa’adatu Bagiwa , Musa Hauwa Rabiu
Published: August 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This study assesses urinary schistosomiasis prevalence and associated ultrasonographic abnormalities among school-aged children in Rigachikun, Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State.
By combining urine sample analysis and ultrasound examination, the research identifies a significant infection rate (5.00%) and highlights the presence of urinary tract abnormalities in 70% of infected subjects.
The findings underscore the ongoing disease burden of schistosomiasis in the region and advocate for expanded research on adult populations and snail intermediate hosts to inform targeted intervention strategies.

Full Abstract
This study evaluated urinary schistosomiasis and ultrasonography incidence among school-aged children in Rigachikun, Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State.  Three hundred urine samples were collected from students within 5-16 years from 3 selected schools.  The samples were tested for urinary schistosomiasis, and information was gathered using a standardized questionnaire.  The weight and height of the samples were measured using an electronic scale (9201 SV3R) and a portable stadiometer (ADE MZ10042).  5.29% of males and 3.70% of females tested positive for urinary schistosomiasis.  Ultrasound examination was performed on ten positive and one negative subjects for confirmation.  The mean age was 11.00±5.72 years.  Seven out of ten (70%) subjects showed urinary tract abnormalities.  The ultrasound findings revealed two out of ten (20%) had bladder wall thickening, four out of ten (40%) had an irregular shape of the bladder wall, and ureteric dilatation was observed in one out of ten (10%) among the subjects.  Ultrasound is a useful tool for identifying the morbidity of S. haematobium.  Schistosomiasis infection amongst schools in Rigachikun was established at 5.00%.  This has confirmed that schistosomiasis is still a disease burden amongst school-aged students in Rigachikun and, by extension, all the study area's inhabitants.  It can be recommended that further studies need to be carried out on adults and snail intermediate hosts.
Assessing the Biodetoxification Potential of Enterococcus faecium on Aflatoxin M1 in Fresh Raw Cow Milk
Authors: Mukhtar Fatima
Published: August 2024

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt

This study contributes to the field of food safety by exploring the bio-detoxification potential of E. faecium isolates from locally fermented cow milk for reducing Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination.
By employing both biochemical and molecular methods to identify and utilize these isolates, the research provides innovative insights into an environmentally friendly and health-beneficial approach to mitigating aflatoxin contamination.
The findings demonstrate a significant AFM1 binding capacity of E. faecium, highlighting its potential as a practical and safe biocontrol agent, which is critical for improving milk safety standards and public health protection.

Full Abstract
The adverse effects of aflatoxins on the economy and public health have prompted research into strategies to prevent their contamination in food and feed.  Biological methods have become popular because they are environmentally friendly and beneficial for health.  This research aims to determine the bio-detoxification potential of E. faecium, on Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw cow milk.  Biochemical and molecular methods were used to identify the E. faecium isolates obtained from locally fermented cow milk (Nono).  Three (3) distinct sampling locations in the Zaria metropolis, Dan-Magaji, Kufena, and Gabari, were used to gather nine (9) fresh milk samples.  A quick test kit was used to screen the samples for AFM1 contamination.  To determine the level of contamination, AFM1-contaminated samples were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis.  The isolates were injected into the tainted milk samples at a cell density of 1.5 x 108cfu/mL and 3.0x108cfu/mL for 30 and 60 minutes at 4 and 37 degrees Celsius.  The amount of unbound AFM1 in the samples was measured using HPLC analysis and surface binding assay.  "ANOVA" single factor and two ways were used to analyze the data.  All collected raw milk samples were contaminated with aflatoxin M1 at concentrations exceeding the EU/NAFDAC limit of ≤0.05 µg/L.  The isolates bound AFM1 at 35-45% rates at a cell concentration of 3.0x108 cfu/mL at 37°C for 60 minutes.  This research suggests that E. faecium could be an effective option for reducing AFM1 contamination in milk samples due to its harmless nature and recognition as generally safe.  Additionally, regulatory agencies should implement thorough monitoring to ensure AFM1 levels in milk and milk products remain below acceptable limits.
Malaria and Typhoid Fever Coinfection among Febrile Patients Attending Kafin-Maiyaki Primary Health Centre
Authors: Sule Hamza , Ibrahim A I , Muhammad M
Published: August 2024

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt

This study investigates the burden and co-existence of malaria and typhoid fever among febrile patients, providing a rare examination of these symptomatically similar but aetiologically distinct diseases in a single patient cohort.
The novelty of the research lies in its detailed analysis of co-infection rates across different age groups and genders, highlighting significant age-related disparities and suggesting the higher vulnerability of older patients.
These findings underscore the importance of concurrent screening for malaria and typhoid fever in febrile patients, offering critical insights for improving diagnostic and treatment strategies in the study area.

Full Abstract
Malaria and typhoid fever are two symptomatically similar but aetiologically dissimilar diseases: mala ria is caused by parasitic agents from Plasmodium species; ty phoid fever, on the other hand, is caused by  Salmonella typhi. They both have no gender distinction in terms of their effect, but malaria appears to be more severe among children. The study aimed to determine the burden of these two diseases among febrile patients in the study area by collecting four (4) mL of blood from each participant, 2 mL of which were dispensed into EDTA bottles for use to detect microscopic parasites. The harvested serum from the remainder was used for the Widal agglutination test to detect the presence of antibodies to Salmonella species. Based on the results, malaria and typhoid fever co-existence was found to be 20.9%. The findings with respect to age group revealed that patients >60 years had a higher coinfection rate of 75% while the 1-12 years age group had the least coinfection (10.6%). There was a significant association between coinfection and age groups (p = 0.019). With respect to gender, females were more prone to be co-infected (53.6%) compared to their male counterparts (46.4%) out of the total positive cases (28) obtained, but the observed difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.016). We therefore recommend concurrent screening of these diseases in all febrile cases in the study area.
Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among People Living with HIV/AIDS Attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Iduh, M. U.  , Enitan, S. S.  , Umar, A. I.  , Abbas, A.
Published: August 2024

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt

This study assesses HIV/HCV coinfection and associated risk factors among patients at Specialist Hospital, Sokoto, highlighting the seroprevalence of HCV among HIV/AIDS reactive individuals.
The novelty lies in its detailed demographic analysis, revealing significant age, gender, tribal, educational, and occupational disparities, with a notably high seropositivity among people who inject drugs.
These findings underscore the necessity for targeted HCV screening and intervention strategies in HIV/AIDS patients, particularly in demographic subgroups identified as having higher seroprevalence, to improve early diagnosis and management.

Full Abstract
The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a large healthcare burden. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and HCV coinfection are major global health concerns worldwide.  This study aimed to assess the HIV/HCV coinfection and the potential risk factors among people attending Specialist Hospital, Sokoto.  A cross-sectional seroprevalence survey of HCV infection was carried out on 77 HIV/AIDS reactive subjects attending Specialist Hospital, Sokoto, from 30th March 2021 to 4th May 2021.  Serum samples were tested for anti-HCV antibodies using immunochromatographic test. Of the 77 study participants, the overall anti-HCV antibody prevalence was 5.2%.  The 36-40 age group revealed the highest seropositivity of 18.18%, followed by 51-55 years (14.29%) and the least (11.11%) among 26-30 years.  Females had the highest seropositivity of 6.25% and males least (3.45%).  The highest seropositivity was seen among the Hausa tribe (7.14%), while the least in Fulani (5.56%).  The highest seropositivity was recorded among people with no formal education (6.82%), while people with formal education had the least (5.88%).  The highest seropositivity was seen in self-employed individuals (6.52%) regarding occupational status, while employed individuals had the least (4.17%).  Married individuals had the highest seropositivity of 7.69%, while the divorced and widow/widower had 5.26% and 4.76% respectively.  People who injected drugs recorded the highest seropositivity of 33.33%, with multiple sex partners at 6.90%, while people who shared sharp objects had the least (6.67%).  There were no significant differences statistically in HCV seroprevalence among the different age categories, gender, tribe, education, occupation, marital and risk factors (p>0.05). The HCV prevalence rate (5.8%) observed in this study underscored the need to intensify HCV screening among people living with HIV/AIDS for early diagnosis and management of cases.
Isolation and Characterization of Antibiotics-resistant Enteric Bacteria from Borehole Waters in PRESCO Campus, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Authors: Nwachi Anthonia Chinyere
Published: August 2024

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt

This study investigates the bacterial contamination of borehole water at Presco campus, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, focusing on the identified bacteria's isolation, characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility.
The research is unique in its detailed analysis of the antibiotic resistance patterns of Shigella and Salmonella species, revealing significant resistance to commonly used antibiotics like Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole and Tetracycline, while also identifying effective antibiotics such as Ceftriaxone and Levofloxacin.
These findings highlight the public health risks associated with contaminated borehole water and emphasize the need for regular monitoring and appropriate water treatment measures to ensure safe drinking water for the community.

Full Abstract
Water is essential for life. An adequate, safe, and accessible water supply must be available to all. Hence, this research aimed to isolate and characterize bacteria from borehole water samples located at the Presco campus, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, and test the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the bacteria isolated. Twelve (12) water samples were collected from six (6) locations in duplicates and analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Serial dilutions were performed on the samples and dilutions of 103 were plated using the pour plate method. After the incubation periods, colonies were counted and expressed in CFU/mL, biochemical tests were carried out and the antibiotics susceptibility profiles of the bacteria isolated were evaluated. From the results, the total microbial counts ranged from 1.0 x 104 to 5.9 x 104 CFU/mL, indicating high contamination of the water samples. The morphology and biochemical tests revealed the presence of Shigella species 5 (45.4 %) and Salmonella species 6 (54.6 %). Shigella species were highly resistant to both Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole and Amoxicillin (80 %) and to Tetracycline (100 %) but were susceptible to Ceftriaxone (100 %) and Ciprofloxacin (80 %). On the other hand, Salmonella species showed a resistant pattern of 83.3 % to Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, and Ceftriaxone but were susceptible to Levofloxacin (100 %) and Cefepime (83.3 %). This result is of public health importance as these organisms can threaten individuals utilizing these boreholes as the source of drinking water.
Study on Antibiotic Resistance Profiles Exhibited by Vibrio Species Isolated from Landfill Soils in Zaria Metropolis, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Nyandjou Yomi Marie Carole , Umar Abubakar
Published: August 2024

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt

This study investigates the occurrence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Vibrio species isolated from landfill soils in Zaria Metropolis, with a focus on environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance.
The research uniquely identifies a high prevalence of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 among the isolates and reveals significant multidrug resistance (MDR), particularly against Ampicillin, while also showing complete susceptibility to Gentamicin and Chloramphenicol.
These findings highlight the potential for landfills to serve as environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance, underscoring the need for further research to understand the implications for public health and environmental management.

Full Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria presents a major risk to public health and the environment. Infections caused by Vibrio species continue to be a serious public health concern. This study investigated the occurrence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Vibrio species isolates from landfill soils in Zaria Metropolis. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) soil samples were collected from designated landfills in four locations in Sabon-Gari, Samaru, Tudun-Wada, and Zaria City. Vibrio species were isolated using Thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose (TCBS) agar. Bacteriological analysis of the soil samples revealed 9(7.50%) Vibrio species isolates with Vibrio cholerae non-O1 exhibiting the highest prevalence of 4 (3.33%) among all isolates. Using the Kirby-Bauer method, the isolates were tested for susceptibility against ten commonly used antibiotics belonging to three different classes. The highest resistance was to Ampicillin (88. 89%), while all the isolates (100%) showed susceptibility to Gentamicin and Chloramphenicol. Five isolates (55.56%) were Multidrug Resistance (MDR). The highest Multidrug Resistance (MDR, 60%) was observed in Vibrio cholerae non-O1. The isolate resistant to the highest number of antibiotics was obtained from the Tudun-Wada sample location. Three isolates (33.33%) showed resistance to 4 antibiotics, while 2 isolates, 1(11.11%) each were resistant to 5 and 6 antibiotics. The isolates were Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) to 4-6 antibiotics, and four different phenotypic resistance profiles were observed among them. The origin and varying levels of resistance to multiple antibiotics indicated could be traced to the faecal constituent of the waste in landfills produced by people or animals that have been treated indiscriminately with various antibiotics or items containing residual antimicrobial agents disposed of in dump soils, highlighting the potential environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance and call for further research to understand the implications for public health and environmental management.
Evaluating Groundwater Safety: Heavy Metal Contamination of Selected Boreholes across Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Shaibu Solomon E , Effiom Abasiono O , Essien Nathaniel S , Archibong Eric S , Iboutenang Nnamso D , Effiong Abasifreke I , Asukwo Honour O , David Bill A , Effiong Faith I , Ekpo Christian , Akpabio Idara F , Simon Sophia E , Eyo Godswill A
Published: August 2024

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of heavy metal concentrations in borehole water within Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, highlighting significant public health risks associated with these contaminants.
Utilizing Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), the research uniquely identifies iron and nickel concentrations that exceed World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) guidelines, with iron levels reaching 0.551 mg/L and nickel levels at 0.298 mg/L.
These findings emphasize the urgent need for policy interventions and infrastructure investments to mitigate the pervasive risk to consumers and ensure the safety of water resources.

Full Abstract
In light of growing concerns about water quality and its effects on public Health, this study offers an in-depth analysis of heavy metal concentrations in selected boreholes water within Uyo Metropolis in Akwa Ibom State. The research also emphasizes the potential health risks associated with these heavy metals, particularly as some have been found to exceed the acceptable drinking water limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Borehole water samples from ten strategically selected locations were collected and analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) to quantify the concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, chromium, and nickel. The results revealed that all water samples contained iron concentration (0.551 mg/L), surpassing the guidelines set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ), indicating a pervasive risk to consumers. Additionally, elevated levels of nickel (0.298 mg/L) were detected in several samples, further exacerbating the public health implications. The findings underscore the critical need for policy intervention and infrastructure investment to ensure the safety and sustainability of safe water resources for human use.
Screening for Plasmid Mediated Antibiotic Resistance among Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Attending some Hospitals in Kano Metropolis
Authors: Mailafia, H. M.  , Aminu, A. I.  , Dutsinma, U. A.
Published: August 2024

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt

This study investigates the prevalence and plasmid-mediated resistance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), revealing significant findings pertinent to public health.
The research demonstrates a high prevalence of MDR isolates (20%) and highlights the substantial role of plasmids, with 67.6% of MDR isolates containing plasmids, and 80% losing drug resistance post-plasmid curing.
These results underscore the necessity for treatment options based on antibiotic susceptibility testing and continuous plasmid profiling to combat plasmid-mediated resistance effectively, marking a critical advancement in the management of LRTIs.

Full Abstract
Lower Respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are among the serious infections in humans that have been worsening by the emergence of drug resistant bacteria and aggravated by plasmids transfer.  The study aimed to screen Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from patients with LRTIs for the presence of Plasmid.  Sputum samples (400) were collected from patients with LRTIs and processed using standard microbiological procedures to isolate lower respiratory tract bacteria.  The identified isolates were subjected to antibacterial susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion method.  Multidrug resistant isolates were further subjected to plasmid curing using Acridine orange and the cured isolates were tested for loss of drug resistance.  Among the 400 samples, 185 (46.2 %) harbored significant bacterial growth, with 83 (44.9%) Gram-positive and 102 (55.1%) Gram-negative bacteria.  Bacteria isolated include Escherichia coli (29), Klebsiella pneumonia (46), Moraxella catarrhalis (13), Pseudomonas aerugonosa (14), Staphylococcus aureus(24) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (59).  A higher infection rate was recorded in males (46.99%) and patients aged 41-50 (52.59%).  The highest resistance was exhibited by Klebsiella pneumoniae (93%) against cefuroxime, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae against oxacillin (75%).  Of the 185 isolates, 37 (20%) were MDR, out of which 25 (67.6%) isolates had Plasmids.  Following curing, 20 (80%) of the isolates were cured, and only 5 (20%) retained their plasmids. Most importantly, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were found to be sensitive to levofloxacin, gentamicin, and imipenem but retained their resistance to Cefuroxime, while Streptococcus pneumoniae was found to be sensitive to levofloxacin only with the highest resistance to oxacillin, doxycycline, and erythromycin. The study establishes a high prevalence of MDR isolates among LRTIs, with some exhibiting plasmid-mediated resistance, and therefore recommends treatment options to be solely based on antibiotic susceptibility testing and continuous plasmid profiling to detect plasmid-mediated resistance to enable appropriate drug administration.
Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extract of Salvadora Persica (Linn) Stem against Gram-Positive Bacteria Isolated from Oral Infections among the Patients Attending the University Health Clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria
Authors: Garba, S.  , Sulaiman, M. T.  , Muhammad, S.  , Sani, A.  , Mohammed, R. B.
Published: August 2024

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt

This study presents detailed evaluation of the methanol crude extract of Salvadora persica L. (Miswak) for antibacterial effectiveness specifically against gram-positive bacteria from orally infected individuals.
It highlights a significant therapeutic efficacy of the extract, evidenced by inhibition zones of 18-22 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 mg/ml, against pathogens with high resistance rates to conventional antibiotics.
Additionally, the research provides comprehensive phytochemical profiling of S. persica, contributing valuable insights into its potential as an alternative treatment for oral infections.

Full Abstract
Salvadora persica L., commonly referred to as Miswak, is a chewing stick commonly used to maintain dental hygiene.  The aim was to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the methanol crude extract of S. persica against gram-positive bacteria obtained from orally infected individuals who were registered at the University Health Clinic of Ahmadu Bello University.  A total of twenty (20) samples were collected from patients who were diagnosed with oral infections.  These samples underwent traditional biochemical and microbiological testing.  The antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and the findings were interpreted following the CLSI standards.  The extraction of Salvadora persica L. was carried out using cold maceration with methanol.  The crude extract was evaluated using the agar well diffusion and broth dilution techniques.  Phytochemical screens were conducted using established procedures.  The findings revealed that Staphylococcus aureus had the highest prevalence rate of 60%, whereas Streptococcus sp. had a prevalence rate of 10%.  A high level of resistance was detected for amoxicillin (100%), chloramphenicol (85%), ciprofloxacin (60%), ceftriaxone (50%), and gentamycin (47.5%).  The cold maceration extraction process yielded in % crude extract yield of 11.59%.  The phytochemical elements were saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, heart glycoside, carbohydrate, steroid, and terpenoid.  An area of inhibition measuring 18-22mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25mg/ml were employed to detect a significant degree of activity.  The methanolic extract of Salvadora persica L. has shown significant therapeutic efficacy against gram-positive bacteria recovered from orally infected patients.