bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STATE AND PROBLEMS OF PRODUCTION AND HOUSEHOLD ELECTROTRAUMATISM IN UKRAINE
Authors: Serikov Ya. , Nikitchenko O. , Serikova K.
Published: October 2021

Technogenic development of society has caused widespread use in the system «man – production environment» and the system «man – household environment» of household electrical equipment, industrial electrical installations. Failure to comply with the regulated rules of electrical safety of electric current leads to electrical injuries. Designs of electrical installations, equipment, electrical protective measures are constantly being improved. But the level of electrical injuries in Ukraine and abroad tends to increase. This leads to social and economic losses as a result of economic costs in accidents, employee deaths, loss of working time and so on. The most objective indicator of injury is fatal. Thus, the level of fatal injuries at work per 1,000 workers in the developed world compared to the same rate in Ukraine in the UK is 10 times less, in Japan 7 times less, in the US 3 times less. This situation requires analysis and development of appropriate measures to reduce the level of electrical injuries. The analysis of statistical data revealed that the highest level of electrical injuries is observed in the following areas: - in agriculture; - service sector; - in public utilities; - in everyday life. At the same time, the tendency of its growth in the non-productive sphere and the household sector is expressed. So, at present in the general list of accidents from action of an electric current household electric injuries make the largest part – more than 46%. This is due to the insufficient level of education of the population on electrical safety, operation of electrical equipment in high-risk areas or in particularly dangerous by the degree of electric shock. At the same time, the level of domestic electrical injuries is higher in rural than in urban areas. It was also found that the greatest danger is posed by mobile and portable electrical installations, power tools and internal wiring. In addition, the housing of such electrical installations is often grounded through one of the cores of the power cable, which is unacceptable. The reasons for the high level of electrical injuries also include non-compliance with regulated organizational measures to ensure occupational safety and the so-called «human» factor. To improve the situation, it is necessary to intensify and increase the level of training of the population and employees on electrical safety, development and application of more modern switching electrical protection.
DIRECTIONS OF INTRODUCTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AT TRAINING OF BUILDING SPECIALISTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Druzhinin A. , Davidenko O. , Bratishko S. , Zhyliakova H.
Published: October 2021

The educational component of the Concept of Construction Information Modeling in Ukraine (European Union International Technical Assistance Project) does not raise any objections, but requires specification of a number of decisions at the level of the Ministry of Education of Ukraine, universities, specialties and departments. It is propose at the state level to solve the problem of need and development in the labor market of competencies of specialists for the construction industry in terms of technological and managerial innovations. To implement fragments of information modeling in the educational process in modern conditions, in particular in the diploma design of masters of construction, it is propose to solve a number of methodological problems in market conditions during the life cycle of the project.
First, a number of software products operating in Ukraine remain detached from the 3D design model. This applies to the organization and management of construction (4D); estimated and contractual pricing (5D); a number of new programs on environmental protection, energy efficiency (6D), maintenance and operation of buildings (7D) and especially the lack of software to determine the economic option of the building for the life cycle (8D). In these conditions, even when preparing applicants for the use of a software product at the 3D level, there are many problems in preparing and defending a thesis project.
It is necessary to eliminate various approaches to determining the effectiveness of innovative solutions in methodological developments. The evaluation of innovative solutions should base on variant design - from several technically feasible competing variants of organizational and technical solution should choose the best option, the most economically feasible in these specific conditions for the project life cycle: design, construction and operation of the building. Promising for solving problems in these areas is a scenario approach - the development of a number of indicators for the life cycle of the project, taking into account all factors influencing the project goal, as well as options for measures required to achieve this goal by criteria: volume - quality - deadlines - cost - risks - efficiency.
ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSTICS OF CRISIS PHENOMENA IN THE ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINIAN ENTERPRISES
Authors: Berest M. , Koiuda О.
Published: October 2021

Key analytical directions are proposed and the economic content of financial indicators for diagnosing crisis phenomena in the activities of business entities is disclosed. Based on the developed set of indicators, an analysis of the development of crisis phenomena in the activities of enterprises in Kharkiv region for the period 2016–2020 was carried out. The problematic spheres of activity of enterprises, in which manifestations of the crisis are observed, have been identified.
ОНЛАЙН-КОМУНІКАЦІЯ: КОМУНІКАТИВНІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ ТА РИЗИКИ ДЛЯ ОСОБИСТОСТІ
Authors: Уманець Н. А.
Published: October 2021

У статті здійснена ревізія новітніх ризиків і загроз, пов'язаних з технологізацією інформаційно-комунікативної сфери, а також представлені основні напрями наукового теоретизування у вказаній області. Автор розглядає Інтернет як особливий інтерактивний глобальний і національний засіб комунікації, як нове соціальне середовище, що розширює наше розуміння взаємодій людини в інформаційному суспільстві. Постійне перебування в Інтернеті стало одним з маркерів сучасного способу життя. У статті проаналізована проблема повної «зануреності» особистості у віртуальний простір. Усупереч безперечним перевагам Інтернету, таким, як швидкий доступ до інформації, дистанційне навчання і багато що інше, в цій роботі розкриваються деякі форми девіантної поведінки, а також соціально-психологічних деформацій, що відбуваються при активному використанні віртуальних засобів масової комунікації. Так, за відсутності можливості вийти в Інтернет, користувачі відчувають «комп'ютерний голод», що може свідчити про їх кіберзалежність. Використання технологічних новинок в домашніх умовах може несприятливо позначатися на міжособистісній комунікації членів сім'ї. Робиться висновок про те, що наявність позначених ризиків в процесі мережевих комунікацій особистості, обумовлює необхідність формування практик їх успішної нейтралізації і мінімізацію їх негативної дії.
Pozitif Sosyal Hizmet: Yeniden Bir Kavramsallaştırma
Authors: Selçuk Ozan
Published: October 2021

Profesyonel yardım mesleklerinde pozitif yönelim son dönemlerde artış eğilimi göstermektedir. Psikoloji, psikoterapi ve psikiyatri gibi alanlarda bu pozitif yönelimleri görmek mümkün olmaktadır. Pozitif psikoloji, pozitif psikoterapi ve pozitif psikiyatri ekollerinin de bireylerin semptomları yerine güçlü yanlarına, zayıflıkları yerine erdemlerine, eksiklikleri yerine becerilerine ve kaynaklarına odaklanıyor olması bu yönelimin en bariz örnekleri arasındadır. İnsan beyninin pozitiften ziyade negatife daha fazla dikkat ediyor ve daha güçlü tepki gösteriyor olması pozitif yönelimin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Yaşamdaki zorluklarla mücadele etmede güçlü içsel kaynaklara ihtiyaç duyarız ve böylece psikolojik sağlamlığımızı geliştirebiliriz. Aynı şekilde hastalık yerine sağlık, stres yerine yeterlilik, çatışma yerine iş birliği, karamsarlık yerine umut daha iyidir. Bu bağlamda sosyal hizmette de bu pozitif odağı görmek mümkündür. Uluslararası tanımında insanın güçlendirilmesini ve özgürleştirilmesini temel alan sosyal hizmet, insan doğasına pozitif bakmaktadır. Buradan hareketle bu makalenin amacı sosyal hizmet müdahale alanı için pozitif yönelimli bir kavramsallaştırma sunarak Pozitif Sosyal Hizmet adıyla yeni bir modele zemin hazırlamaktır
Multiple Skleroz Hastalarının Hastalık Deneyimlerinin Sosyal Hizmet Perspektifinden İncelenmesi
Authors: Çakır Meryem , Yurtsever Emel
Published: October 2021

MS yaşam boyu seyri devam eden kronik bir hastalıktır. MS tanısı alan bireylerin hastalık deneyimlerinin Sosyal Hizmet perspektifinde değerlendirilerek MS’li hastalara sunulacak hizmetlerin bütüncül bakış açısı ile planlanması önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, MS hastalığını deneyimleyen bireylerin hastalık süreçlerinin sosyal işlevselliklerine olan etkilerini incelemek ve bireylerin sosyal yaşamlarında ne türden değişimler yaşandığını belirlemektir.
Araştırma, fenomenolojik yaklaşım ile çalışılmış nitel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, MS tanısı kesin olarak konmuş Türkiye Multiple Skleroz Derneği İstanbul şubesine üye olan ve gönüllü olarak araştırmaya katılmayı kabul etmiş farklı demografik özelliklere sahip 15’i kadın 15’i erkek toplam 30 MS hastasından oluşmaktadır. MS’li hastalar ile “Görüşme Formu” rehberliğinde 45-60 dakika süren derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş ve gerçekleştirilen bu görüşmelerin ses kayıtları daha sonra Word ortamında yazıya dökülerek manuel yöntem ile deşifre edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler MAXQDA 2020 programı ile kodlanmıştır. Kodlama ile elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz ve içerik analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak yorumlanmıştır.
MS hastalarının tanı ve tedavi süreci, psikososyal deneyimler, aile ve iş ilişkileri, günlük yaşam deneyimleri, toplumsal ilişki deneyimleri, sağlık sistemi deneyimleri ve demografik özelliklerden dolayı farklı deneyimleri bulunmaktadır. Bu deneyimlerin günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin yerine getirilmesinde ve işlevsel açıdan yaşamın sürdürülmesinde sınırlandırıcı etkileri görülmüştür.
COVİD-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE ADLİ SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMALARINDAKİ SOSYAL İNCELEME HAKKINDA BİR DERLEME
Authors: Hepbenli Merve
Published: October 2021

Dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de covid-19 pandemisi hayatın tüm alanlarına etki etmiş, özellikle çalışma koşullarında önemli değişikliklere yol açmıştır. Birçok sosyal sorun alanında hizmet veren sosyal hizmet mesleği de pandemi sürecinin bu etkileri ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Sosyal hizmet uygulamalarının en önemli araçlarından biri sosyal incelemedir. Kendini, başkalarını korumanın ve özellikle sosyal mesafenin öneminden bahsedilen bu günlerde sosyal incelemenin nasıl gerçekleştiği ve gerçekleşeceği konusu meslek elemanları ile kurum yöneticilerinde kaygı uyandırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, pandemi koşullarında adli sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında yer alan sosyal incelemenin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada ilk olarak adli sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında sosyal incelemenin konumu ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra pandemi sürecinde sosyal mesafenin önemi ve sosyal incelemenin bu süreç içerisinde uygulanabilirliği farklı ülkelerden örneklerle tartışılmıştır.
Alman-Osmanlı Sağlık Misyonu
Authors: Şimşek Muttalip
Published: October 2021

Osmanlı Devleti Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na girdikten sonra Alman Kızılhaçı (Das Deutsche Rote Kreuz) ve Alman-Osmanlı Sağlık Misyonu (Deutsch-Osmanische Sanitätsmission) gibi kuruluşlar Osmanlı cephelerinde mücadele eden Alman askerlerine sağlık hizmeti sağlamak amacıyla İstanbul, Gelibolu, Bağdat ve Tekirdağ vd. bölgelerde askerî hastaneler açmışlardı. Bu kuruluşlar aynı zamanda Osmanlı Hilal-i Ahmer (Kızılay) Cemiyeti, Harbiye Nezareti Sıhhiye Dairesi ve Sahra Sıhhiye Müfettişliğinin savaş esnasında yürüttüğü sağlık çalışmalarına da yardımcı olmuşlar; özellikle yaralı Türk askerlerinin sağlık birimlerine sevk ve tedavilerinde Türk sağlık heyetlerine destek vererek onların yüklerini hafifletmeye çalışmışlardı. Alman-Osmanlı Sağlık Misyonu 1915 yılının Nisan-Kasım ayları arasında, yani Çanakkale’de kara muharebelerinin en yoğun geçtiği süreçte, İstanbul Zeynep Kamil Hastanesi ile Tekirdağ’da oluşturulan Alman Askerî Hastanesinde Gelibolu’dan gelen yaralı Alman ve Türk askerlerinin tedavileriyle ilgilenerek önemli bir sağlık hizmetinde bulunmuştur.
Bu çalışmada ilk olarak Alman-Osmanlı Sağlık Misyonunun Alman ordusunda görev yapan Yüzbaşı Fritz Trützschler von Falkenstein tarafından 1915 yılının başlarında hangi şartlar altında kurulduğu, Misyonun çalışmaları için gerekli olan kaynağın nasıl temin edildiği ve İstanbul’a gidecek ekibin kimlerden oluşturulduğu izah edilecek; daha sonra İstanbul Zeynep Kamil Hastanesinin Sahra Sıhhiye İdaresinden teslim alınarak çalışmaların başlaması, Tekirdağ Alman Askerî Hastanesinin kuruluş süreci ve her iki hastanede yürütülen sağlık faaliyetleri hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Son olarak Ekim (1915) ayından itibaren misyon içerisinde yaşanan sorunlar ve her iki hastanenin Kasım ayı ortalarında kapatılması gibi hususlar, Alman ve Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri ışığında değerlendirilecektir.
Cumhuriyet Gazetesinde Çocuk ve Çocukluk Meselesi (1928-1939)
Authors: Gürkan Hasan
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de hükûmetin gayriresmî yayın organı niteliğindeki Cumhuriyet gazetesinin 1928-1939 yılları arasında çocuk ve çocukluk meselesine olan yaklaşımı incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde yeni rejimin çocuk ve çocukluğa yönelik anlayışı ve yasal gelişmeler, meselenin Osmanlı geçmişi ile karşılaştırmalı bir biçimde ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde Cumhuriyet gazetesinin modern eğitim sistemi içerisindeki çocuk ve çocukluğa ilişkin haber ve söylemleri incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde gazetenin toplumsal bir varlık olarak çocuğa yaklaşımı ortaya konulmuştur. Son bölümde ise Cumhuriyet gazetesinin çocukların yaşadığı yoksulluk, beslenme, barınma ve çocuk işçiliği gibi problemlere olan yaklaşımı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Böylelikle yeni rejimin ve gazetenin çocuk ve çocukluk meselesine yönelik tutumları bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla tartışılarak Cumhuriyet rejiminin ilk kuşağına yönelik pratikler ortaya konulmuştur.
Türkiye’nin Kalkınmasında Sümerbank ve Etkinliği (1933-1987)
Authors: Polatoğlu Mehmed Gökhan
Published: October 2021

Türkiye’nin millî iktisadi hedefler kapsamında kalkınması başta Mustafa Kemal Atatürk olmak üzere ilk dönem Cumhuriyet hükûmetlerinin programlarında her zaman yer alan konular arasındaydı. Bu bağlamda sanayileşme; kalkınmanın en önemli aşamalarından biri olarak ele alındı. Sanayileşme çalışmaları kapsamında 1923-1930 döneminde çeşitli girişimlerde bulunuldu. Ancak istenilen hedeflere ulaşılamadı. Dönemin koşulları da dikkate alınarak hızlı ve etkili bir şekilde kalkınmak için 1930’ların başından itibaren karma ekonomik bir yapı yerine devletçilik ilkesi eksenli bir ekonomi politikası izlenmeye başlandı. Böylece doğrudan kamu destekli yatırımların yolu açıldı.
Kamu destekli yatırımlarda tesisleşme sürecini yönetmek, desteklemek ve sürdürmek için 1933’te Sümerbank kuruldu. Türkiye’nin ilk Kamu İktisadi Teşekkülü olma özelliğini taşıyan Sümerbank’ın adı bizzat Mustafa Kemal Atatürk tarafından konuldu. Sümerbank faaliyette bulunduğu süre zarfında ülkenin birçok yerinde kurduğu fabrikalar ve açtığı işletme ve müesseseler ile ekonomiye önemli katkıda bulundu.
Türkiye’de 1980’lerin başından itibaren ekonomi politikasında yaşanan sistem değişikliği ve gerçekleştirilen özelleştirme uygulamaları Sümerbank’ı da etkiledi. Kurum 1987’de Sümerbank Holding A.Ş. adı ile çalışmalarına devam etti. Bu makalede Kurumun bizzat Sümerbank adıyla faaliyetlerini sürdürdüğü 1933-1987 dönemi ele alınarak değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Demokrat Parti Döneminde Adıyaman Vilayetinin Kuruluşuna Dair Bir Tartışma
Authors: Gülen Ahmet
Published: October 2021

Demokrat Parti’nin 10 yıl süren iktidarının tartışmalı konularından birisi 1954 seçimlerinden sonra Malatya’nın ikiye bölünmesi ve Adıyaman vilayetinin kurulmasıdır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin dönüşüm çağı sayılan Tanzimat döneminde yapılan idari taksimat düzenlenmeleri sırasında bölgenin Malatya’ya bağlanmasından hemen hemen bir asır sonra Adıyaman, Demokrat Parti tarafından il hâline getirilmiştir. 1954 seçimlerinden sonra Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi Genel Başkanı İsmet İnönü’nün memleketi Malatya’nın bölünmesi ve aynı dönemde Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Partisi Genel Başkanı Osman Bölükbaşı’nın memleketi Kırşehir vilayetinin de ilçeye dönüştürülmesi geniş tartışmalara neden olmuştur. Demokrat Parti iktidarının seçimlerde muhalefet partilerine oy veren bölgeleri cezalandırdığı tartışmaları daha o günlerde başlamış ve günümüzde de Demokrat Parti karşıtı çevrelerde genellikle kabul görmüş bir düşünce olarak yerleşmiştir. Oysa Adıyaman’ın Malatya’dan ayrılarak il hâline getirilmesine ne İsmet İnönü ve ne de Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi mensupları karşı çıkmışlardır. Parlamentoda yapılan kanun tasarısı görüşmelerinde Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi milletvekilleri tasarıyı desteklemişler, itirazlarını ise Adıyaman’ın il hâline getirilmesine değil; bu yeni vilayete bağlanacak ilçelerin hangileri olacağına yöneltmişlerdir. İsmet İnönü de kendi memleketi Malatya’nın ikiye ayrılarak Adıyaman’ın kurulmasına itiraz etmemiş; ancak eleştirilerini daha çok Kırşehir’in ilçe hâline getirilmesi üzerinde yoğunlaştırmıştır. Dolayısıyla o dönemin Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi mensupları açısından bir sorun olarak görülmeyen Malatya’nın ikiye ayrılması konusunu Demokrat Parti iktidarının muhalefete oy veren bir ili cezalandırması olarak değerlendirecek somut veriler mevcut değildir.
27 Mayıs Askerî Yönetiminin Sivil İdareye Geçme Çabaları: Yuvarlak Masa Kararları
Authors: Demir Şerif
Published: October 2021

27 Mayıs askerî müdahalesiyle başlayan askerî yönetim, yeni bir hukuki düzeni kurdu. Askerler bu hukuki düzeni koruyarak sivil yönetime geçmek istiyordu. Bu süreçte askerler, iktidardan uzaklaştırılan Demokrat Parti (DP)’nin siyasi mirasçısı olan Adalet Partisi (AP)’nin 27 Mayıs’la birlikte kurulan bu hukuki düzeni yıkmak istemesinden korkuyorlardı. Askerler AP’yi kapatmayı düşündüler. Fakat siyasette AP’nin dışında DP’nin siyaset anlayışına sahip çıkan başka siyasi partiler de vardı. Bu partilerin tamamını kapatmak mümkün değildi. Ülkenin serbest seçimlerle sivil idareye geçebilmesi için askerler ile siyasi parti temsilcileri arasında bir dizi toplantılar yapıldı. Bu toplantılar sonucunda siyasi partiler, askerlerin bütün taleplerini kabul ettiler. 5 Eylül 1961 tarihinde Çankaya’da imzalanan Yuvarlak Masa Kararlarıyla, askerler ile siyasi partiler arasındaki anlaşma kâğıda döküldü. Bu kararların benzeri bir anlaşma basın temsilcileriyle de imzalandı. Böylece askerler sivil yönetime giderken siyasiler ve basın mensuplarıyla 27 Mayıs askerî müdahalesinin kurduğu siyasal düzeni koruma üzerine anlaşmış oldular. Yuvarlak Masa Kararları, ülkenin sivil yönetime geçişini kolaylaştırmış oldu.
E-learning in health professions education during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Naciri Aziz , Radid Mohamed , Kharbach Ahmed , Chemsi Ghizlane
Published: October 2021

As an alternative to traditional teaching, e-learning has enabled continuity of learning for health professions students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This review explored health professions students; perceptions, acceptance, motivation, and engagement with e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic review was conducted by consulting 5 databases: PubMed, ERIC (Ebsco), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. The research protocol was previously registered in the PROSPERO registry (CRD42021237055). From 250 studies identified, 15 were selected with a total of 111,622 students. Mostly positive perceptions were reported in 7 of 12 studies, which mainly focused on technology access, possession of basic computer skills, pedagogical design of online courses, online interactions, and learning flexibility. However, predominantly negative perceptions were identified in 5 of 12 studies, which pointed out constraints related to internet connections, the use of educational platforms, and acquisition of clinical skills. Satisfactory levels of acceptance of distance learning were reported in 3 of 4 studies. For student motivation and engagement, 1 study reported similar or higher motivation than with traditional teaching, and another study indicated that student engagement significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health professions students showed a positive response to e-learning regarding perceptions, acceptance, motivation, and engagement. Future research is needed to remediate the lack of studies addressing health professions students’ motivation and engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic.
EKSTRAKSI ZAT WARNA DARI DAUN JATI MUDA (Tectona grandis Linn. F.) DAN APLIKASINYA PADA BENANG TENUNAN BIMA
Authors: R Ruslan , Wiraningtyas Agrippina , S Silaturahmi
Published: October 2021

Indonesia adalah negara yang sangat kuat dalam penyediaan bahan baku bersumber dari alam, namun masyarakat belum mampu memanfaatkannya dengan baik. Salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat berpotensi sebagai pewarna alami adalah daun jati muda (Tectona grandis Linn. F.). Dimana daun jati muda mengandung zat pewarna antosianin yang dapat memberikan warna merah, ungu bahkan merah gelap dan tanin yang dapat memberikan warna cokelat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi pelarut terhadap ekstrak zat warna pada daun jati muda, mengetahui konsentrasi optimum pada ekstraksi zat warna dari daun jati muda dengan menggunakan metode maserasi dan mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi pelarut terhadap zat warna daun jati muda pada pewarnaan benang bahan baku kain tenunan Bima. Ekstrak daun jati muda didapat dengan cara diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol konsentrasi 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% dan 90%. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian diukur nilai absorbansinya menggunakan alat spektrofotometer Uv-Vis pada rentang panjang gelombang 190-700 nm, serta digunakan untuk mewarnai benang tenunan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah variasi konsentrasi pelarut etanol berpengaruh terhadap ekstrak zat warna dari daun jati muda  dengan metode maserasi. Konsentrasi  optimum  pelarut  etanol  untuk  ekstraksi  zat  warna  dari daun jati muda dengan metode maserasi adalah konsentrasi pelarut etanol 80% yang menghasilkan nilai absorbansi 1,425. Dan variasi konsentrasi pelarut etanol berpengaruh terhadap hasil warna pada bahan baku benang tenunan Bima.
EKSTRAKSI ZAT WARNA DARI KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia Mangostana L) DAN APLIKASINYA PADA BENANG TENUN BIMA
Authors: Wati Sri Rahma , R Ruslan , Wiraningtyas Agrippina , Agustina Sry
Published: October 2021

Kulit buah manggis sampai saat ini belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan masih dianggap sebagai limbah oleh masyarakat maupun penjual masih kurang dan bahkan dibuang begitu saja. Salah satu bahan yang dapat di gunakan untuk pembuatan zat warna alami yaitu dari kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L). Kandungan yang terdapat pada buah manggis antasionin yang menghasilkan warna merah, ungu, dan biru (Indra 2009). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh waktu pelarut terhadap ekstrak zat warna dari kulit buah manggis, mengetahui waktu optimum pada ekstrak zat warna  kulit buah manggis dengan menggunakan metode maserasi, dan mengetahui pengaruh variasi waktu pelarut terhadap zat warna dari kulit buah manggis pada pewarnaan benabg bahan baku kain tenunan Bima. Ekstrak kulit buah manggis didapat dengan cara diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol waktu 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, dan 5 jam. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian diukur nilai absorbansinya menggunakan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada rentang panjang gelombang 190-600 nm, serta digunakan untuk mewarnai benang tenunan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah variasi waktu pelarut etanol berperngaruh terhadap ekstrak zat warna dari kulit buah manggis dengan metode maserasi. Waktu optimum pelarut etanol untuk ekstrak zat warna dari kulit buah manggis dengan metode maserasi adalah waktu 4 jam yang menghasilkan nialai absorbansi 4.459. Dan variasi waktu pelarut etanol berpengaruh terhadap hasil warna pada bahan baku benang tenunan Bima.
Critical Institutions: Alternative Modes of Institutionalisation in Derrida's Engagements
Authors: Ó Fathaigh Cillian
Published: October 2021

In this article, I consider the role of institutions in Jacques Derrida's political engagement. In spite of Derrida's significant involvement with political causes throughout his life, his engagements have received little sustained attention, and this is particularly true of his work with institutions. I turn to two such cases, the Collège international de philosophie and the Parlement international des écrivains and argue that these represent an alternative mode of institutionalisation. These institutions seek to destabilise other institutions as well as themselves. Looking closely at the institutions that Derrida founded, we see three common characteristics emerge. These institutions are anti-hegemonic, self-reflexive and international. I then connect these to Derrida's thought, offering a reading of the undecidable, which brings forth the importance of conventions in the decision. Finally, I demonstrate that the three shared characteristics of Derrida's institutions form part of an effort to open up space for the possibility of alterity. Through this, and beyond a distinction between theory/practice, we come to see Derrida's institutional engagements as an active form of critique, both of other institutions and themselves.
Trans-National Equitable Strategies of Vaccine Distribution during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Domingo Dario , Biber Stanislav , Dian Gabriele , Dorey Patrick , Haddad Kays , Heslop Paul , Holm Ingrid , Liu Yie , Pang Raymond
Published: October 2021

In this report we propose a modelling framework to analyse and optimise worldwide vaccine allocation strategies, with reference to the current COVID-19 pandemic. We model epidemiological transmission and vaccination in a system of M interacting countries, quantifying the social and economic costs incurred by each country due to the pandemic and the country's vaccination rate. Under constraints over global vaccine availability, we analyse best strategies of vaccine allocation: either with the aim of minimising global costs, or by taking the perspective of a competitive game where each country aims to minimise its own cost. We distinguish between the financial capabilities of different countries, and extend our framework to allow for vaccine donation from wealthier to poorer countries. Numerical simulations allow us to compare the best strategies of the above two approaches, and to analyse circumstances under which vaccine donation simultaneously benefits both donating and receiving countries.
Trans-National Equitable Strategies of Vaccine Distribution during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Domingo Dario , Biber Stanislaw , Dian Gabriele , Dorey Patrick , Haddad Kays , Heslop Paul , Holm Ingrid , Liu Yie , Pang Raymond
Published: October 2021

In this report we propose a modelling framework to analyse and optimise worldwide vaccine allocation strategies, with reference to the current COVID-19 pandemic. We model epidemiological transmission and vaccination in a system of M interacting countries, quantifying the social and economic costs incurred by each country due to the pandemic and the country's vaccination rate. Under constraints over global vaccine availability, we analyse best strategies of vaccine allocation: either with the aim of minimising global costs, or by taking the perspective of a competitive game where each country aims to minimise its own cost. We distinguish between the financial capabilities of different countries, and extend our framework to allow for vaccine donation from wealthier to poorer countries. Numerical simulations allow us to compare the best strategies of the above two approaches, and to analyse circumstances under which vaccine donation simultaneously benefits both donating and receiving countries.
Женское православное подвижничество в России (XIX – середина XX века)
Authors:   Институт этнологии и антропологии Российской академии наук, Кириченко Олег
Published: October 2021

В монографии дано комплексное описание женского православного подвижничества как особого религиозного и социокультурного феномена, показана эволюция его за полуторавековой период, раскрыты причины возникновения подвижнических настроений среди женщин, выделен особый сознательный, целенаправленный характер протекания этого процесса, определена его структура в разные эпохи. В XIX столетии подвижничество вылилось в созидание нескольких сот общин и общежительных монастырей, а в XX в. – в поддержание Церкви в период борьбы с обновленчеством и сохранение церковной культуры и традиции в послевоенное время.
Православная жизнь русских крестьян XIX – XX веков: Итоги этнографических исследований
Authors:   Институт этнологии и антропологии Российской академии наук, Листова Татьяна , Воронина Татьяна ,   Институт этнологии и антропологии Российской академии наук, Кремлева Ирина , Громыко Марина , Тульцева Людмила , Кузнецов Станислав , Поплавская Христина , Цеханская Кира , Буганов Александр
Published: October 2021

Монография подготовлена к 2000 летию христианства. На основе многообразных форм общественной жизни раскрывается всесторонность христианского мироощущения крестьянства, рассматривается влияние православия на духовный облик народа, систему его нравственных ценностей, этику труда и досуга. Особое внимание уделено личности человека, соотношению его с Богом, Церковью и людьми. Для историков, религиоведов, этнографов и широкого круга читателей.
Дворянское благочестие. XVIII век
Authors:   Институт этнологии и антропологии Российской академии наук, Кириченко Олег
Published: October 2021

Ни один период в истории России не вызывал столько споров и вопросов, не оставил столько загадок, как XVIII век. Большая государственная ответственность лежала в это переломное время на дворянском сословии. Данная книга впервые всесторонне и полно повествует о месте православной веры в жизни русских дворян. Построенная на обширном документальном материале, она содержит подробные этнографические сведения о религиозном быте, укладе, обычаях православных дворян. Автор предлагает заново осмыслить многие узловые события эпохи. Книга адресована широкому кругу читателей.
Идеалы и паллиативы в русской традиции и культуре
Authors:   Институт этнологии и антропологии Российской академии наук, Кириченко Олег , Листова Татьяна , Крюкова Светлана , Шляхтина Наталья , Воронина Татьяна
Published: October 2021

Монография затрагивает проблемы идеала и близких к нему (паллиативных) форм, которые отражались в разных сторонах жизнедеятельности русских: в отношении к богатству, в культуре понимания греха и наказания за грех, в обычно правовой практике соблюдения чести в крестьянской среде, в создании института призрения сирот, в традиции религиозной практики поста. Все это – важнейшие бытийственные стороны жизни русского народа, малоизученные, потребовавшие привлечения новых научных подходов и большого комплекса архивных, полевых (этнографических) и исследовательских материалов. Книга рассчитана не только на специалистов узкого профиля, но в целом на гуманитариев и самый широкий круг заинтересованных читателей.
Allergic Rhinitis: What Do We Know About Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy?
Authors: Boonpiyathad Tadech , Lao-Araya Mongkol , Chiewchalermsri Chirawat , Sangkanjanavanich Sasipa , Morita Hideaki
Published: October 2021

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated disease that is characterized by Th2 joint inflammation. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is indicated for AR when symptoms remain uncontrolled despite medication and allergen avoidance. AIT is considered to have been effective if it alleviated allergic symptoms, decreased medication use, improved the quality of life even after treatment cessation, and prevented the progression of AR to asthma and the onset of new sensitization. AIT can be administered subcutaneously or sublingually, and novel routes are still being developed, such as intra-lymphatically and epicutaneously. AIT aims at inducing allergen tolerance through modification of innate and adaptive immunologic responses. The main mechanism of AIT is control of type 2 inflammatory cells through induction of various functional regulatory cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), follicular T cells (Tfr), B cells (Bregs), dendritic cells (DCregs), innate lymphoid cells (IL-10+ ILCs), and natural killer cells (NKregs). However, AIT has a number of disadvantages: the long treatment period required to achieve greater efficacy, high cost, systemic allergic reactions, and the absence of a biomarker for predicting treatment responders. Currently, adjunctive therapies, vaccine adjuvants, and novel vaccine technologies are being studied to overcome the problems associated with AIT. This review presents an updated overview of AIT, with a special focus on AR.
3D Reconstitution of the Neural Stem Cell Niche: Connecting the Dots
Authors: Ioannidis Konstantinos , Angelopoulos Ioannis , Gakis Georgios , Karantzelis Nikolaos , Spyroulias Georgios A. , Lygerou Zoi , Taraviras Stavros
Published: October 2021

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are important constituents of the nervous system, and they become constrained in two specific regions during adulthood: the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. The SVZ niche is a limited-space zone where NSCs are situated and comprised of growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) components that shape the microenvironment of the niche. The interaction between ECM components and NSCs regulates the equilibrium between self-renewal and differentiation. To comprehend the niche physiology and how it controls NSC behavior, it is fundamental to develop in vitro models that resemble adequately the physiologic conditions present in the neural stem cell niche. These models can be developed from a variety of biomaterials, along with different biofabrication approaches that permit the organization of neural cells into tissue-like structures. This review intends to update the most recent information regarding the SVZ niche physiology and the diverse biofabrication approaches that have been used to develop suitable microenvironments ex vivo that mimic the NSC niche physiology.
Tumor Microenvironment Profiles Reveal Distinct Therapy-Oriented Proteogenomic Characteristics in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Nan , Wang Rongshui , Li Xia , Song Zhentao , Xia Lingbo , Wang Jue , Zhang Li , Wu Aiwen , Ding Zhiyong
Published: October 2021

Advances in immunotherapy have made an unprecedented leap in treating colorectal cancer (CRC). However, more effective therapeutic regimes need a deeper understanding of molecular architectures for precise patient stratification and therapeutic improvement. We profiled patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or in combination with immunotherapy (PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor) using Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP), a high-plex spatial proteogenomic technology. Compartmentalization-based high-plex profiling of both proteins and mRNAs revealed pronounced immune infiltration at tumor regions associated with immunotherapy treatment. The protein and the corresponding mRNA levels within the same selected regions of those patient samples correlate, indicating an overall concordance between the transcriptional and translational levels. An elevated expression of PD-L1 at both protein and the mRNA levels was discovered in the tumor compartment of immunotherapy-treated patients compared with chemo-treated patients, indicating potential prognostic biomarkers are explorable in a spatial manner at the local tumor microenvironment (TME). An elevated expression of PD-L1 was verified by immunohistochemistry. Other compartment-specific biomarkers were also differentially expressed between the tumor and stromal regions, indicating a dynamic interplay that can potentiate novel biomarker discovery from the TME perspectives. Simultaneously, a high-plex spatial profiling of protein and mRNA in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer was performed.
Early Efficacy of Type I Collagen-Based Matrix-Assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Lesions
Authors: Li Xiang , Li Shiao , Qian Jiatian , Chen Yancheng , Zhou Yiqin , Fu Peiliang
Published: October 2021

Background: Articular cartilage is a complex structure that allows for low frictional gliding and effective shock absorption. Various sports injuries and inflammatory conditions can lead to lesions in the articular cartilage, which has limited regenerative potential. Type I collagen combined with autologous chondrocytes in a three-dimensional culture were used to induce the regeneration of single-layer autologous expanded chondrocytes without chondrogenic differentiation.

Purpose: To assess the clinical, radiological, and histological changes following collagen-based autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) for chondral knee lesions.

Methods: The study prospectively enrolled 20 patients with symptomatic knee chondral lesions (mean size lesion was 2.41 ± 0.43 cm2, range: 2.0–3.4 cm2) in the lateral femoral condyle and femoral groove who underwent type I collagen-based MACT between July 2017 and July 2019. knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) was assessed before the procedure, and periodic clinical follow-up was conducted every 3 months for a maximum of 12 months following the procedure and at 1-year intervals thereafter. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping of repaired cartilage was also used for the quantitative analysis of regeneration. In one patient, second-look arthroscopy was performed to assess cartilage regeneration characteristics, and a portion of regenerated cartilage was harvested for histological evaluation 12 months after implantation.

Results: At pre-operation and at three, six, 12, and 24 months after the operation, KOOS pain, symptoms, daily life activities, sports and recreation, as well as the quality of life were significantly improved between every two time points. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining indicated that the newly formed cartilage was comprised of naive chondrocytes. Safranin O-fast (S-O) green staining of the regenerated tissue revealed fibroblast-like cells surrounded by glycosaminoglycans. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis indicated that collagen type II was uniformly distributed at the deep zone of articular cartilage and type I collagen mainly depositing in the superficial cartilage layer. The T2 values for repaired tissue gradually decreased, eventually approaching near-average values.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that type I collagen-based MACT is a clinically effective treatment for improving functionality and pain levels. Histological evidence confirmed hyaline cartilage induction and showed that repaired cartilage tended to emerge from the deep to the superficial layer. The quantitative MRI T2 mapping test indicated that there still was a difference between the transplanted cartilage and the surrounding hyaline cartilage. Taken together, the current method represents an efficient approach for the restoration of knee cartilage lesions.
Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Differences Between Two Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk Phenotypes With Single- and Double-Headed Roots
Authors: Zhang Tao , Chen Yuqiu , Zhang Qinghe , Yu Peng , Li Qiong , Qi Weichen , Chen Changbao
Published: October 2021

Saposhnikovia divaricata is derived from the dried roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk and used as a Chinese herbal medicine for treating respiratory, immune, and nervous system diseases. The continuously increasing market demand for traditional Chinese medicine requires the commercial cultivation of Saposhnikovia divaricata using standardized methods and high yielding genotypes, such as double-headed root plants, for achieving consistent quality and a reliable supply. In this study, we aimed to identify the quantitative differences in chromone, a precursor of flavonoid biosynthesis, between plants with single- and double-headed roots using high-performance liquid chromatography and further explore the two phenotypes at the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels. Our results showed that the chromone content was significantly higher in plants with double-headed roots than in those with single-headed roots. Transcriptomic analysis revealed six significantly differentially expressed genes between the two phenotypes, including five key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (4-coumarate-CoA ligase, chalcone synthase 1, vinorine synthase, chalcone-flavonone isomerase 1, and flavanone 3 beta-hydroxylase) and one key gene in the abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway (zeaxanthin epoxidase). Moreover, metabolomic analysis showed that the 126 differentially expressed metabolites were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and phytohormones. Overall, our results suggest that plants with double-headed roots have higher medicinal value than those with single-headed roots, probably due to differences in various biosynthetic pathways. These data might help select the genotypes with superior yield and therapeutic properties.
Targeting Phosphatases and Kinases: How to Checkmate Cancer
Authors: Turdo Alice , D’Accardo Caterina , Glaviano Antonino , Porcelli Gaetana , Colarossi Cristina , Colarossi Lorenzo , Mare Marzia , Faldetta Naida , Modica Chiara , Pistone Giuseppe , Bongiorno Maria Rita , Todaro Matilde , Stassi Giorgio
Published: October 2021

Metastatic disease represents the major cause of death in oncologic patients worldwide. Accumulating evidence have highlighted the relevance of a small population of cancer cells, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), in the resistance to therapies, as well as cancer recurrence and metastasis. Standard anti-cancer treatments are not always conclusively curative, posing an urgent need to discover new targets for an effective therapy. Kinases and phosphatases are implicated in many cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and oncogenic transformation. These proteins are crucial regulators of intracellular signaling pathways mediating multiple cellular activities. Therefore, alterations in kinases and phosphatases functionality is a hallmark of cancer. Notwithstanding the role of kinases and phosphatases in cancer has been widely investigated, their aberrant activation in the compartment of CSCs is nowadays being explored as new potential Achille’s heel to strike. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the major protein kinases and phosphatases pathways by which CSCs can evade normal physiological constraints on survival, growth, and invasion. Moreover, we discuss the potential of inhibitors of these proteins in counteracting CSCs expansion during cancer development and progression.
Cardiac Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Excess Does Not Induce Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Healthy Mice
Authors: Leifheit-Nestler Maren , Wagner Miriam A. , Richter Beatrice , Piepert Corinna , Eitner Fiona , Böckmann Ineke , Vogt Isabel , Grund Andrea , Hille Susanne S. , Foinquinos Ariana , Zimmer Karina , Thum Thomas , Müller Oliver J. , Haffner Dieter
Published: October 2021

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) to maintain phosphate homeostasis. FGF23 is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in CKD and induces LVH via klotho-independent FGFR4-mediated activation of calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling in animal models, displaying systemic alterations possibly contributing to heart injury. Whether elevated FGF23 per se causes LVH in healthy animals is unknown. By generating a mouse model with high intra-cardiac Fgf23 synthesis using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing murine Fgf23 (AAV-Fgf23) under the control of the cardiac troponin T promoter, we investigated how cardiac Fgf23 affects cardiac remodeling and function in C57BL/6 wild-type mice. We report that AAV-Fgf23 mice showed increased cardiac-specific Fgf23 mRNA expression and synthesis of full-length intact Fgf23 (iFgf23) protein. Circulating total and iFgf23 levels were significantly elevated in AAV-Fgf23 mice compared to controls with no difference in bone Fgf23 expression, suggesting a cardiac origin. Serum of AAV-Fgf23 mice stimulated hypertrophic growth of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) and induced pro-hypertrophic NFAT target genes in klotho-free culture conditions in vitro. Further analysis revealed that renal Fgfr1/klotho/extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 signaling was activated in AAV-Fgf23 mice, resulting in downregulation of sodium-phosphate cotransporter NaPi2a and NaPi2c and suppression of Cyp27b1, further supporting the bioactivity of cardiac-derived iFgf23. Of interest, no LVH, LV fibrosis, or impaired cardiac function was observed in klotho sufficient AAV-Fgf23 mice. Verified in NRVM, we show that co-stimulation with soluble klotho prevented Fgf23-induced cellular hypertrophy, supporting the hypothesis that high cardiac Fgf23 does not act cardiotoxic in the presence of its physiological cofactor klotho. In conclusion, chronic exposure to elevated cardiac iFgf23 does not induce LVH in healthy mice, suggesting that Fgf23 excess per se does not tackle the heart.
Redesigning Vina@QNLM for Ultra-Large-Scale Molecular Docking and Screening on a Sunway Supercomputer
Authors: Lu Hao , Wei Zhiqiang , Wang Cunji , Guo Jingjing , Zhou Yuandong , Wang Zhuoya , Liu Hao
Published: October 2021

Ultra-large-scale molecular docking can improve the accuracy of lead compounds in drug discovery. In this study, we developed a molecular docking piece of software, Vina@QNLM, which can use more than 4,80,000 parallel processes to search for potential lead compounds from hundreds of millions of compounds. We proposed a task scheduling mechanism for large-scale parallelism based on Vinardo and Sunway supercomputer architecture. Then, we readopted the core docking algorithm to incorporate the full advantage of the heterogeneous multicore processor architecture in intensive computing. We successfully expanded it to 10, 465, 065 cores (1,61,001 management process elements and 0, 465, 065 computing process elements), with a strong scalability of 55.92%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that 10 million cores are used for molecular docking on Sunway. The introduction of the heterogeneous multicore processor architecture achieved the best speedup, which is 11x more than that of the management process element of Sunway. The performance of Vina@QNLM was comprehensively evaluated using the CASF-2013 and CASF-2016 protein–ligand benchmarks, and the screening power was the highest out of the 27 pieces of software tested in the CASF-2013 benchmark. In some existing applications, we used Vina@QNLM to dock more than 10 million molecules to nine rigid proteins related to SARS-CoV-2 within 8.5 h on 10 million cores. We also developed a platform for the general public to use the software.