bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly(propylene oxide) macrodiols on the surface related properties of polyurethane copolymers
Authors: Stefanovic Ivan , Godjevac Dejan , Spírková Milena , Jovancic Petar , Tesevic Vele , Milacic Vesna , Pergal Marija
Published: February 2016

Segmented thermoplastic polyurethane copolymers (PURs) were synthesized using
4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol as the hard segment
and ?,?-dihydroxy-poly(propylene
oxide)-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly(propylene oxide) (PPO-PDMS) as the
soft segment. The content of incorporated soft segments in PURs varied in the
range from 40 to 90 wt.%. The structure, molecular weights and crystallinity
of obtained copolymers were monitored by FTIR, 1H, 2D NMR spectroscopy, GPC
and DSC analysis, respectively. Surface free energy analysis indicates the
presence of hydrophobic (siloxane) groups on the surface, giving highly
hydrophobic nature to the obtained PURs films. Water absorption measurements
showed that the increase of the hydrophobic PPO-PDMS segment content, led to
the decrease of percentage of absorbed water in copolymers. SEM and AFM
analysis revealed that copolymers with lower content of PPO-PDMS segments
have higher microphase separation between segments. The results obtained in
this work indicate that synthesized PURs based on PPO-PDMS, demonstrated
proper surface and morphological properties with a great potential for
variety of applications such as hydrophobic coatings in biomedicine.
Impact of orthodontic treatment on self-esteem and quality of life of adult patients requiring oral rehabilitation
Authors: de Couto Nascimento Vanessa , de Castro Ferreira Conti Ana Cláudia , de Almeida Cardoso Maurício , Valarelli Danilo Pinelli , de Almeida-Pedrin Renata Rodrigues
Published: February 2016

Objective: 

To evaluate whether orthodontic treatment in adults requiring oral rehabilitation is effective for increasing patients’ self-esteem and quality of life (QoL).

Materials and Methods: 

The sample consisted of 102 adult patients (77 women and 25 men) aged between 18 and 66 years (mean, 35.1 years) requiring oral rehabilitation and orthodontic treatment simultaneously. Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem (RSE) Scale and a questionnaire about QoL based on the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) were used to determine self-esteem and QoL scores retrospectively. Questionnaires were carried out in two stages, T1 (start of treatment) and T2 (6 months after). To compare score changes between T1 and T2, the data obtained from the RSE Scale were evaluated with paired t tests, and data from the quality-of-life questionnaire were assessed by applying descriptive statistics.

Results: 

The results showed a statistically significant increase in self-esteem (P < .001) and a great improvement on patients’ QoL.

Conclusions: 

Orthodontic treatment causes a significant increase in self-esteem and QoL, providing psychological benefits for adult patients in need of oral rehabilitation.
Zika virus infections in three travellers returning from South America and the Caribbean respectively, to Montpellier, France, December 2015 to January 2016
Authors: Maria Alexandre Thibault , Maquart Marianne , Makinson Alain , Flusin Olivier , Segondy Michel , Leparc-Goffart Isabelle , Le Moing Vincent , Foulongne Vincent
Published: February 2016

We report three unrelated cases of Zika virus infection in patients returning from Martinique, Brazil and Colombia respectively, to Montpellier, France. They developed symptoms compatible with a mosquito-borne disease, and serological and molecular investigations indicated a recent Zika virus infection. Considering the recent warning for the likely teratogenicity of Zika virus and the presence of competent mosquito vectors in southern France, these cases highlight the need for awareness of physicians and laboratories in Europe.
Building a Local Research Capacity in Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Govinda
Published: February 2016

N/A
Management of floral waste generated from temples of Jaipur city through vermicomposting
Authors: Tiwari Priyanka , Juneja Shelja K
Published: February 2016

This paper aims at management of floral waste generated from temples of Jaipur city through vermicomposting. In this study, flower waste consisted of variety of flowers out of which marigold was chosen as it was found in maximum amount. The vermibeds were prepared by mixing the marigold with cow dung in different proportions viz., 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10 and they were filled in the earthen pots, individually. Simultaneously, a control (without worms) for each of these concentrations was prepared and maintained. Eisenia foetida was introduced into each of these trays except the control. The bioconversion ratio i.e., waste into vermicompost was found to be high in 60:40 proportion than the others. Vermicompost obtained was analysed for various parameters like organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The amount of organic carbon, potassium and phosphorus was more in vermicompost samples for all the groups as compared to compost samples. It was concluded that floral waste with cow dung at 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30 ratios could be converted into a nutrient rich vermicompost. International Journal of Environment Vol. 5 (1) 2016,  pp: 1-13
Floristic composition of government degree and PG College Campus, Wanaparthy, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana
Authors: Sadasivaiah B. , Goud M. Sharath , Devilal R. , Laxmikanth M. , Kumar M. Uday , Ramakrishna A. , Swaroopa V. , Narasimha A. , Shirisha C. , Reddy M. Sridhar
Published: February 2016

The floristic components of Government Degree and PG College campus, Wanaparthy yield 355 plant taxa including 15 endemics at various levels. The results also showed that, good number of medicinal plants, wild relatives, fodder plants and wild edible plants. The results indicated that the college campus is very rich in plant diversity which is very useful to the student community for their study. International Journal of Environment Vol. 5 (1) 2016,  pp: 45-66
Determination of physiochemical properties of Gum Arabic as a suitable binder in emulsion house paint
Authors: Yaumi Ali L. , Murtala Ahmed M. , Muhd Habiba D. , Saleh Fatima M.
Published: February 2016

Gum Arabic “GA” is an organic adhesive produced from a tree called named Acacia Senegal. The gum has a wide range of industrial uses, especially in areas of feeds, textiles, and pharmaceuticals. It is used as emulsifier and serves mostly as stabilizer in both cosmetic and food products which contains oil water interface. GA sample was collected, formulated and prepared into various concentrations ranging from 20%w/v to 85%w/v. The quality and applicability of well characterized materials are directly related to their physical and chemical properties. From the physiochemical analysis, the result revealed that all the samples were slightly acidic (pH ranging from 4.81-6.41). This range is in good agreement with reported pH values for gum arabic and other Acacia gums by several authors. . The binding strength increases as the number of days increases for example in sample F (50%w/v) gum Arabic concentration increases from 1.5 in the 1st day to 1.97 in the 28th day. The samples prepared are denser than water which indicates that the density increases as the percentage concentration of the samples increases and the relative density of the gum solution is independent on time. The binding strength of sample G (75%w/v) gum concentration compared well to that of polyvinyl acetate (PVA). International Journal of Environment Vol. 5 (1) 2016,  pp: 67-78
A focus group qualitative study of HIV stigma in the Canadian healthcare system
Authors: Wagner Anne C. , McShane Kelly E. , Hart Trevor A. , Margolese Shari
Published: February 2016

Stigma related to HIV in the healthcare system has a pervasive, negative impact on the mental, physical and sexual health of people living with HIV. While well-documented before the advent of antiretroviral treatment, this stigma in Canada has not been as thoroughly examined from a critical perspective since HIV's evolution from an acute to a chronic illness. The current study examines attitudes and beliefs of healthcare providers toward people living with HIV through the use of focus groups. Focus group participants were women living with HIV, men living with HIV, medical and nursing students, and health care providers working with people living with HIV. Data analysis was conducted with a critical lens using an immersion/crystallization approach. Two broad themes emerged from the data: HIV-specific experiences, and components of stigma. Both negative and positive experiences were described. Discrimination, as a behavioural act, was deemed to be the less prevalent and often more covert expression of stigmatization. Stereotyping, including with regard to perceived sexuality, and prejudice were seen as more insidious and perpetuated by both the medical and educational establishments. These findings clearly demonstrate the need for change in terms of reducing the amount of stigma present in these complex, nuanced, and enduring relationships between people living with HIV and the health care system.
Evaluation of the Passing Behavior of Motorized Vehicles When Overtaking Bicycles on Urban Arterial Roadways
Authors: Mehta Kushal , Mehran Babak , Hellinga Bruce
Published: February 2016

This paper evaluates the influence of on-street bike lanes on the lateral separation between motor vehicles and cyclists when the vehicle overtakes the cyclist and investigates the relationship between the passing behavior and traffic conditions. A bicycle was instrumented with a sensor array that consisted of an ultrasonic sensor, a GPS receiver, and a video camera. A total of 5,227 passing events were recorded across different categories of urban arterials. The results showed that the facilities with on-street bike lanes provided greater separation between bicycles and motor vehicles. Passing maneuvers with lateral separation of less than 1,000 mm (3.30 ft) were observed less frequently on the facilities with on-street bike lanes. Further, it was found that, in the absence of a bike lane, a higher proportion of passing vehicles moved laterally to the left and encroached on the adjacent lane. The analysis showed that for arterial roadways without on-street bike lanes, drivers tended to provide increased lateral clearance by either changing lanes or encroaching on the adjacent lane. However, drivers' ability to perform either of these maneuvers may be restricted by surrounding vehicles.
Dynamic Ventilation and Power Output of Urban Bicyclists
Authors: Bigazzi Alexander Y. , Figliozzi Miguel A.
Published: February 2016

Bicyclists' intake of air pollutants is linked to physical exertion levels, ventilation rates, and exposure concentrations. Whereas exposure concentrations have been widely studied in transportation environments, there has been relatively scant research linking on-road ventilation with travel conditions and exertion levels. This paper investigates relationships between power output, heart rate, and ventilation rate for urban bicyclists. Heart rate and ventilation rate were measured on-road and combined with power output estimates from a bicycle power model. Dynamic ventilation rates increased by 0.4% to 0.8% per watt of power output, with a mean lag of 0.8 min. The use of physiology (ventilation) monitoring straps and heart rate proxies for dynamic on-road ventilation measurements is discussed. This paper provides for a clearer and more quantitative understanding of bicyclists' ventilation and power output, which is useful for studies of pollutant inhalation risks, energy expenditure, and physical activity.
Measuring the Use of Motorcycle Helmets
Authors: Lee Chanyoung , Pino Joan , Schultz Debbie
Published: February 2016

According to NHTSA, a universal motorcycle helmet law is the most efficient way to prevent serious injuries to motorcyclists in traffic crashes. However, more than half of all U.S. states do not have a universal helmet law or a law that covers any specific segment of the population; as a result, the average rate of helmet use in the United States is 42% to 59%. Given these circumstances, the investigation and promotion of voluntary helmet use have become of primary interest for many states, motorcycle safety advocates, and NHTSA. To measure the use of helmets effectively and efficiently, it is important to understand how information on helmet use is collected and to identify preferred collection methods. This study discussed the advantages and disadvantages of three common data collection methods for motorcycle helmet use in the United States, including recent technical advances, and presented methodology and findings from an observational survey conducted in 2014.
Concepts and Relevance of Genome-Wide Association Studies
Authors: Scherer Andreas , Christensen G. Bryce
Published: February 2016

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) technology has been a primary method for identifying the genes responsible for diseases and other traits for the past 10 years. Over 2,000 human GWAS reports now appear in the scientific journals. The technology is continuing to improve, and has recently become accessible to researchers studying a wide variety of animals, plants and model organisms. Here, we present an overview of GWAS concepts: the underlying biology, the origins of the method, and the primary components of a GWAS experiment.
Assessment of vulnerability in agricultural sector in disaster prone areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan TF , Ullah MW , Huq SM Imamul
Published: February 2016

A study was carried out in 24 Upazillas of 12 districts of Bangladesh with a view to identifying risks, vulnerabilities and impacts of different types of natural disasters commonly occurring in Bangladesh with respect to agricultural production and sustainable agricultural development. Three districts were selected from each category of the disaster viz., drought, saline, river flood and flash flood prone. Two Upazillas were selected randomly from each district by considering the homogeneity (climate, agricultural practices, agricultural production, disaster risks, livelihood system, population, etc.) of the particular disaster affected areas. Of the four disasters, drought prone area covers the highest net cultivable area (NCA) measuring about 121 ha. Flash flood, salinity and river flood prone area covers approximately 115, 60 and 30 ha, respectively. The dominant cropping pattern in drought areas is Fallow-T.Aman-Wheat. In saline areas, it is Fallow-T. Aman- Pulse while in flood areas, it is Fallow-T.Aman- HYV Boro. Trend analysis shows that overall cropped area decreased by 1% in all disaster prone areas from 1984 - 2013. The highest decrease in cropped area was found for pulse in both drought (13%) and river flood (14%) areas. In saline and flash flood areas, it was for spice and potato, respectively. Among 72 farmers, 85% is vulnerable to drought, 90% to salinity, 69% to river flood and 95% to flash flood. Medium high land was found to be the most vulnerable for agricultural production in all disaster prone areas. Due to vulnerability to disasters, medium high land remains fallow in saline (83%), river flood (51%) and flash flood (31%) areas. In case of drought regions, medium low land (37%) remains fallow.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 28(2): 91-101, Dec-2015
Disease severity and mycoflora associated with anthracnose on leaves of five angiosperms
Authors: Shamsi Shamim , Naher Najmun
Published: February 2016

Severe anthracnose symptom was recorded on the leaves of five angiosperms during September to November, 2010. In total nine species of fungi belonging to four genera of the class deuteromycetes and a sterile fungus were found to be associated with the infected leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, Datura metel L., Gossypium hirsutum L. and Vigna sinensis L. The associated fungi were Aspergillus flvaus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. nidulans (Eidam) G. Winter, A. niger van Tiegh, Cercospora sp., Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler & Bisby, Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.) Grove, Colletotricum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc., Curvularia clavata Jain, and a sterile fungus.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 28(2): 103-111, Dec-2015
Nutrient uptake by plants from different land types of Madhupur soils
Authors: Begum Kalpana , Sikder Abdul Halim Farhad , Khanom Sayma , Hossain Md Faruque , Parveen Zakia
Published: February 2016

Three different soil series such as Gerua, Kalma and Khilgaon were identified in three different land types (high, medium high and medium low land). Soil and plant samples were collected from each land type following a catena. Soil samples were collected from surface, subsurface and substratum in each soil series and plant samples were collected from each soil series to examine how the soil characteristics affect nutrient uptake by plants. The uptake of N, P, S and Zn increased from Gerua to Kalma soil and decreased to Khilgaon. K uptake increased from Gerua to Khilgaon soils. The concentration of Fe, Mn and Cu decreased at first and then increased that were opposite to the status of N, P, S and Zn. The uptake of P and Mn were positively correlated (r2 = 0.845**, r2 = 0.767*) and the uptake of K and Fe were negatively correlated (r2 = 0.951**, r2 = 0.676*) with the soil nutrients. This indicates the variation in nutrient concentration influenced by different factors in the catena. The uptake of nutrients by plants varied significantly within the catena. Macro and micronutrients were accumulated by the plants and the soils studied in the experiment did not show any nutrient deficiency or any metal contamination.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 28(2): 113-121, Dec-2015
Effects of irrigation water on some vegetables around industrial areas of Dhaka
Authors: Uddin Md Jamal , Khanom Sayma , Mamun Shamim Al , Parveen Zakia
Published: February 2016

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation water collected from different industrial areas on Red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Collected water samples were analyzed for various parameters, which include pH, DO, BOD, COD, P, NH3-N, K, S, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd. The results were compared with the irrigation water quality standards by the Department of Environment (DoE) of Bangladesh and many of them were found several-folds higher than the permissible limit. The deterioration trends of the water samples are as follows: Tejgaon canal > Rampura canal > Sitalakhya river. Dry matter of vegetables grown on Tejgaon soil was significantly (p ? 0.05) higher than that of agricultural soil. Both red amaranth and tomato grown in Tejgaon soil accumulate highest concentration of heavy metals followed by Rampura and Sitalakhya soil. The concentrations of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in edible portions of both vegetables were found several times higher than the WHO prescribed permissible limits. The concentration of heavy metals in vegetables were found in the order Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 28(2): 151-159, Dec-2015
Computational Complexity and Parallelization in Bayesian Econometric Analysis
Authors: Baştürk Nalan , Casarin Roberto , Ravazzolo Francesco , Van Dijk Herman
Published: February 2016

Challenging statements have appeared in recent years in the literature on advances in computational procedures.[...]
Amateur or Professional: Assessing the Expertise of Major Contributors in OpenStreetMap Based on Contributing Behaviors
Authors: Yang Anran , Fan Hongchao , Jing Ning
Published: February 2016

Volunteered geographic information (VGI) projects, such as OpenStreetMap (OSM), provide an alternative way to produce geographic data. Research has proven that the resulting data in some areas are of decent quality, which guarantees their usability in various applications. Though these achievements are normally attributed to the huge heterogeneous community mainly consisting of amateurs, it is in fact a small percentage of major contributors who make nearly all contributions. In this paper, we investigate the contributing behaviors of these contributors to deduce whether they are actually professionals. Various indicators are used to depict the behaviors on three themes: practice, skill and motivation, aiming to identify solid evidence for expertise. Our case studies show that most major contributors in Germany, France and the United Kingdom are hardly amateurs, but are professionals instead. These contributors have rich experiences on geographical data editing, have a decent grasp of professional software and work on the project with enthusiasm and concentration. It is less unexpected that they can create geographic data of high quality.
Synthetic Human TLR9-LRR11 Peptide Attenuates TLR9 Signaling by Binding to and thus Decreasing Internalization of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides
Authors: Pan Xichun , Li Bin , Kuang Mei , Liu Xin , Cen Yanyan , Qin Rongxin , Ding Guofu , Zheng Jiang , Zhou Hong
Published: February 2016

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 is an endosomal receptor recognizing bacterial DNA/CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN). Blocking CpG ODN/TLR9 activity represents a strategy for therapeutic prevention of immune system overactivation. Herein, we report that a synthetic peptide (SP) representing the leucine-rich repeat 11 subdomain of the human TLR9 extracellular domain could attenuate CpG ODN/TLR9 activity in RAW264.7 cells by binding to CpG ODN and decreasing its internalization. Our results demonstrate that preincubation with SP specifically inhibited CpG ODN- but not lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and lipopeptide (PAM3CSK4)-stimulated TNF-α and IL-6 release. Preincubation of SP with CpG ODN dose-dependently decreased TLR9-driven phosphorylation of IκBα and ERK and activation of NF-κB/p65. Moreover, SP dose-dependently decreased FAM-labeled CpG ODN internalization, whereas non-labeled CpG ODN reversed the inhibition. The KD value of SP-CpG ODN binding was within the micromolar range. Our results demonstrated that SP was a specific inhibitor of CpG ODN/TLR9 activity via binding to CpG ODN, leading to reduced ODN internalization and decreased activation of subsequent pathways within cells. Thus, SP could be used as a potential CpG ODN antagonist to block TLR9 signaling.
Potential Impacts of PCBs on Sediment Microbiomes in a Tropical Marine Environment
Authors: Klaus James , Kourafalou Vassiliki , Piggot Alan , Reniers Ad , Kang HeeSook , Kumar Naresh , Zahran Elsayed , Bachas Leonidas , Fernandez Adolfo , Gardinali Piero , Toborek Michal , Daunert Sylvia , Deo Sapna , Solo-Gabriele Helena
Published: February 2016

Within the tropical marine study site of Guánica Bay, Puerto Rico, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are subjected to coastal and oceanic currents coupled with marine microbial and geochemical processes. To evaluate these processes a hydrodynamic model was developed to simulate the transport of PCBs within nearshore and offshore marine areas of Guánica Bay. Material transport and circulation information from the model were matched with measurements from samples collected from within the bay. These samples, consisting of both intertidal and submerged sediments, were analyzed for physical characteristics (organic carbon, grain size, and mineralogy), microbial characteristics (target bacteria levels and microbial community analyses), presence of PCBs, and PCB-degrading enzymes. Results show that the bay geometry and bathymetry limit the mixing of the extremely high levels of PCBs observed in the eastern portion of the bay. Bay bottom sediments showed the highest levels of PCBs and these sediments were characterized by high organic carbon content and finer grain size. Detectable levels of PCBs were also observed within sediments found along the shore. Microbes from the bay bottom sediments showed a greater relative abundance of microbes from the Chloroflexi, phylum with close phylogenetic associations with known anaerobic PCB-degrading organisms. Based on quantitative PCR measurement of the biphenyl dioxygenase gene, the intertidal sediments showed the greatest potential for aerobic PCB degradation. These results elucidate particular mechanisms of PCB’s fate and transport in coastal, tropical marine environments.
The Impact of Melatonin in Research
Authors: Varoni Elena , Soru Clelia , Pluchino Roberta , Intra Chiara , Iriti Marcello
Published: February 2016

Citation indexes represent helpful tools for evaluating the impact of articles on research. The aim of this study was to obtain the top-100 ranking of the most cited papers on melatonin, a relevant neurohormone mainly involved in phase-adjusting the biological clock and with certain sleep-promoting capability. An article search was carried out on the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science platform. Numbers of citations, names of authors, journals and their 2014-impact factor, year of publication, and experimental designs of studies were recorded. The ranking of the 100-most cited articles on melatonin research (up to February 2016) revealed a citation range from 1623 to 310. Narrative reviews/expert opinions were the most frequently cited articles, while the main research topics were oxidative stress, sleep physiology, reproduction, circadian rhythms and melatonin receptors. This study represents the first detailed analysis of the 100 top-cited articles published in the field of melatonin research, showing its impact and relevance in the biomedical field.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Coumarins with in Vitro Antitumor and Antioxidant Activity and High Protective Effects against DNA Damage
Authors: Salem Mounir , Marzouk Magda , El-Kazak Azza
Published: February 2016

Coumarins are naturally occurring oxygen heterocyclic compounds having multifarious medicinal properties, hence used as lead compounds for designing new potent analogs. The chromene butenoic acid 3 and the benzochromene butenoic acid 4 which are derived from the reaction of glyoxalic acid with 3-acetylcoumarin and 3-acetylbenzocoumarin, respectively, were reacted with different nitrogen and carbon nucleophiles to give new heterocyclic compounds. The structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Some of the newly prepared compounds were tested in vitro against a panel of four human tumor cell lines namely; hepatocellular carcinoma (liver) HepG2, colon cancer HCT-116, human prostate cancer PC3, and mammary gland breast MCF-7. Also they were tested as antioxidants. Almost all of the tested compounds showed satisfactory activity.
Sensitivity Enhancement in Magnetic Sensors Based on Ferroelectric-Bimorphs and Multiferroic Composites
Authors: Sreenivasulu Gollapudi , Qu Peng , Petrov Vladimir , Qu Hongwei , Srinivasan Gopalan
Published: February 2016

Multiferroic composites with ferromagnetic and ferroelectric phases have been studied in recent years for use as sensors of AC and DC magnetic fields. Their operation is based on magneto-electric (ME) coupling between the electric and magnetic subsystems and is mediated by mechanical strain. Such sensors for AC magnetic fields require a bias magnetic field to achieve pT-sensitivity. Novel magnetic sensors with a permanent magnet proof mass, either on a ferroelectric bimorph or a ferromagnetic-ferroelectric composite, are discussed. In both types, the interaction between the applied AC magnetic field and remnant magnetization of the magnet results in a mechanical strain and a voltage response in the ferroelectric. Our studies have been performed on sensors with a Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet proof mass on (i) a bimorph of oppositely-poled lead zirconate titanate (PZT) platelets and (ii) a layered multiferroic composite of PZT-Metglas-Ni. The sensors have been characterized in terms of sensitivity and equivalent magnetic noise N. Noise N in both type of sensors is on the order of 200 pT/√Hz at 1 Hz, a factor of 10 improvement compared to multiferroic sensors without a proof mass. When the AC magnetic field is applied at the bending resonance for the bimorph, the measured N ≈ 700 pT/√Hz. We discuss models based on magneto-electro-mechanical coupling at low frequency and bending resonance in the sensors and theoretical estimates of ME voltage coefficients are in very good agreement with the data.
Fast, Highly-Sensitive, and Wide-Dynamic-Range Interdigitated Capacitor Glucose Biosensor Using Solvatochromic Dye-Containing Sensing Membrane
Authors: Khan Md. , Khalilian Alireza , Kang Shin-Won
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we proposed an interdigitated capacitor (IDC)-based glucose biosensor to measure different concentrations of glucose from 1 μM to 1 M. We studied four different types of solvatochromic dyes: Auramine O, Nile red, Rhodamine B, and Reichardt’s dye (R-dye). These dyes were individually incorporated into a polymer [polyvinyl chloride (PVC)] and N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) solution to make the respective dielectric/sensing materials. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time an IDC glucose biosensing system utilizing a solvatochromic-dye-containing sensing membrane. These four dielectric or sensing materials were individually placed into the interdigitated electrode (IDE) by spin coating to make four IDC glucose biosensing elements. The proposed IDC glucose biosensor has a high sensing ability over a wide dynamic range and its sensitivity was about 23.32 mV/decade. It also has fast response and recovery times of approximately 7 s and 5 s, respectively, excellent reproducibility with a standard deviation of approximately 0.023, highly stable sensing performance, and real-time monitoring capabilities. The proposed IDC glucose biosensor was compared with an IDC, potentiometric, FET, and fiber-optic glucose sensor with respect to response time, dynamic range width, sensitivity, and linearity. We observed that the designed IDC glucose biosensor offered excellent performance.
Parametric Cognitive Modeling of Information and Computer Technology Usage by People with Aging- and Disability-Derived Functional Impairments
Authors: García-Betances Rebeca , Cabrera-Umpiérrez María , Ottaviano Manuel , Pastorino Matteo , Arredondo María
Published: February 2016

Despite the speedy evolution of Information and Computer Technology (ICT), and the growing recognition of the importance of the concept of universal design in all domains of daily living, mainstream ICT-based product designers and developers still work without any truly structured tools, guidance or support to effectively adapt their products and services to users’ real needs. This paper presents the approach used to define and evaluate parametric cognitive models that describe interaction and usage of ICT by people with aging- and disability-derived functional impairments. A multisensorial training platform was used to train, based on real user measurements in real conditions, the virtual parameterized user models that act as subjects of the test-bed during all stages of simulated disabilities-friendly ICT-based products design. An analytical study was carried out to identify the relevant cognitive functions involved, together with their corresponding parameters as related to aging- and disability-derived functional impairments. Evaluation of the final cognitive virtual user models in a real application has confirmed that the use of these models produce concrete valuable benefits to the design and testing process of accessible ICT-based applications and services. Parameterization of cognitive virtual user models allows incorporating cognitive and perceptual aspects during the design process.
Multifaceted Impacts of Sustainable Land Management in Drylands: A Review
Authors: Marques Maria , Schwilch Gudrun , Lauterburg Nina , Crittenden Stephen , Tesfai Mehreteab , Stolte Jannes , Zdruli Pandi , Zucca Claudio , Petursdottir Thorunn , Evelpidou Niki , Karkani Anna , AsliYilmazgil Yasemen , Panagopoulos Thomas , Yirdaw Eshetu , Kanninen Markku , Rubio Jose , Schmiedel Ute , Doko Adrian
Published: February 2016

Biophysical restoration or rehabilitation measures of land have demonstrated to be effective in many scientific projects and small-scale environmental experiments. However circumstances such as poverty, weak policies, or inefficient scientific knowledge transmission can hinder the effective upscaling of land restoration and the long term maintenance of proven sustainable use of soil and water. This may be especially worrisome in lands with harsh environmental conditions. This review covers recent efforts in landscape restoration and rehabilitation with a functional perspective aiming to simultaneously achieve ecosystem sustainability, economic efficiency, and social wellbeing. Water management and rehabilitation of ecosystem services in croplands, rangelands, forests, and coastlands are reviewed. The joint analysis of such diverse ecosystems provides a wide perspective to determine: (i) multifaceted impacts on biophysical and socio-economic factors; and (ii) elements influencing effective upscaling of sustainable land management practices. One conclusion can be highlighted: voluntary adoption is based on different pillars, i.e. external material and economic support, and spread of success information at the local scale to demonstrate the multidimensional benefits of sustainable land management. For the successful upscaling of land management, more attention must be paid to the social system from the first involvement stage, up to the long term maintenance.
Integrated Evaluation Method-Based Technical and Economic Factors for International Oil Exploration Projects
Authors: Guo Rui , Luo Dongkun , Zhao Xu , Wang Jianliang
Published: February 2016

Optimizing international oil exploration projects is one of the main challenges for oil companies in obtaining investment benefits. This paper establishes an integrated evaluation model to maximize investment benefits within the constraints of technical and economic factors, including geological factors, resource quality, geographic conditions, the investment environment, and oil contracts. The paper also proposes a dynamic calculation method of indicators’ weight associated with oil prices. The analysis describes the effects of contract terms and the investment environment on project value and quantifies the contractor income ratio for different types of contracts and the investment environment of the host country. Oil exploration projects in Africa are illustrated as examples in which the evaluation indicator Adjusted Concept Reserves (ACR) is calculated for each project. The results show that remaining recoverable reserves and contract terms exert tremendous influences on ACR, and remaining recoverable reserves is the essential factor. Simultaneously, changes in oil prices lead to various rates of change in the contractor income ratio, which is determined by different fiscal terms. This study is important in helping oil companies optimize international oil projects and design reasonable investment strategies.
Development of a Model for a Cordon Pricing Scheme Considering Environmental Equity: A Case Study of Tehran
Authors: Afandizadeh Shahriar , Abdolmanafi Seyed
Published: February 2016

Congestion pricing strategy has been recognized as an effective countermeasure in the practical field of urban traffic congestion mitigation. Despite the positive effects of congestion pricing, its implementation has faced problems. This paper investigates the issue of environmental equity in cordon pricing and a park-and-ride scheme. Although pollution decreases inside the cordon by implementation of cordon pricing, air pollutants emission may increase in some links and in the whole network. Therefore, an increase in air emissions in the network means more emission outside the cordon. In fact, due to the implementation of this policy, air pollutants emission may transfer from inside to outside the cordon, creating a type of environmental inequity. To reduce this inequity, a bi-level optimization model with an equity constraint is developed. The proposed solution algorithm based on the second version of the strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA2) is applied to the city network in Tehran. The results revealed that it seems reasonable to consider environmental equity as an objective function in cordon pricing. In addition, we can create a sustainable situation for the transportation system by improving environmental inequity with a relatively low reduction in social welfare. Moreover, there are environmental inequity impacts in real networks, which should be considered in the cordon pricing scheme.
Physical Modeling on Hydraulic Performance of Rectangular Bridge Deck Drains
Authors: Qian Qin , Liu Xinyu , Barrett Michael , Charbeneau Randall
Published: February 2016

This paper presents results from an extensive experimental study on hydraulic performance of new rectangular bridge deck drains developed by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Bridge Division. It fits between the deck reinforcement with the top of the drain flush with the bridge surface and does not interfere with the structural connection of the bridge rail to the deck. Experiments have been performed by varying drain sizes, the number of open drains in series, approach discharges, cross slopes and longitudinal slopes. Measurements include a series of approach gutter flow depth and ponding width at different stations along the deck, and weir heights for capture and bypass discharges. An accurate prediction model has been developed for the captured discharge. The model reveals that the capture discharge is a function of the drain size, the number of open drains, the Manning’s roughness coefficient, the depth of approach flow, the longitudinal slope, and the cross slope. The rating curve for each individual drain in series is the same when the drain size is 10 cm by 20 cm; however, it decreases slightly along the flow direction when the drain size is 15 cm by 20 cm.
Réduction des risques d'inondation à Jakarta : de la nécessaire intégration d'une approche sociale et communautaire dans la réduction des risques de catastrophe (Reducing flood risk in Jakarta : integrating social and community approaches in the reduction of disaster risk)
Authors: Lavigne Franck , Texier Pauline , Fort Monique
Published: February 2016

La métropole de Jakarta est fortement exposée aux menaces liées à l'eau telles qu'inondations, manque d'eau potable, pollutions, menaces qui engendrent des problèmes sanitaires. Les communautés pauvres des quartiers informels précaires sont particulièrement vulnérables du fait de moyens de protection limités. Elles ont des comportements dangereux face aux menaces auxquelles elles sont exposées et qu 'elles aggravent indirectement par ces pratiques inadaptées. Cette recherche s 'appuie sur des enquêtes de vulnérabilité dans des quartiers informels inondables et sur des entretiens auprès des acteurs. Nous montrons que les stratégies institutionnelles de réduction de la vulnérabilité face aux inondations sont inadaptées, car basées sur un renforcement des moyens de gestion de crise, sur des délocalisations de population et sur des campagnes de sensibilisation imposées d'en haut. En effet, la mise en perspective des causes profondes de vulnérabilité, testée en regard des deux paradigmes utilisés en recherche sur les risques, met en exergue la dimension quotidienne des catastrophes et leur ancrage dans un long processus de marginalisation par rapport aux ressources. Elle montre qu 'une approche sociale et communautaire est essentielle. Le succès de projets locaux, conçus et mis en œuvre par des acteurs non institutionnels, visant à une réduction des risques et un renforcement des compétences de la part des populations, ne doit cependant pas cacher la nécessité d'inclure ces projets dans les stratégies globales.
Intra-articular implantation of gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge causes joint inflammation and impaired renal function in dogs
Authors: Gibson Tom , Moens Noel , Nykamp Stephanie , Wood Darren , Foster Robert , Lerer Asaf , Hayes Galina
Published: February 2016

Objective: Gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge (GICS) can be used to treat intra-articular surgical site infections. High local concentrations of gentamicin can be reached for short periods; however the collagen vehicle may persist for much longer periods. We wished to determine the effect of sponge implantation on joint inflammation and renal function.

Methods: Eighteen medium sized mixed breed research dogs of hound type were randomized to two groups; arthroscopic implantation of GICS at gentamicin dose = 6 mg/kg (n = 9) or sham operation (n = 9). Endpoints consisted of joint inflammation measured by synovial fluid cell counts and cytokine concentrations; lameness measured by force plate asymmetry indices; and renal function measured by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) study. The prevalence of lesions associated with aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity was assessed by renal biopsy and transmission electron microscopy.

Results: Gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge implantation caused joint inflammation (p <0.01), lameness (p = 0.04), and decreased GFR (p = 0.04). No difference was observed in the prevalence of renal lesions on biopsy between the treatment and control groups (p = 0.49).

Clinical significance: Gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge implantation causes joint inflammation and lameness as well as GFR reductions at the dose assessed. Gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge are not recommended for intra-articular implantation in dogs.
CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF COMETS C/2012 S1 (ISON) AND C/2011 L4 (PanSTARRS)
Authors: Snios Bradford , Kharchenko Vasili , Lisse Carey M. , Wolk Scott J. , Dennerl Konrad , Combi Michael R.
Published: February 2016

We present our results on the Chandra X-ray Observatory Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) observations of the bright Oort Cloud comets C/2012 S1 (ISON) and C/2011 L4 (PanSTARRS). ISON was observed between 2013 October 31–November 06 during variable speed solar wind (SW), and PanSTARRS was observed between 2013 April 17–23 during fast SW. ISON produced an extended parabolic X-ray morphology consistent with a collisionally thick coma, while PanSTARRS demonstrated only a diffuse X-ray-emitting region. We consider these emissions to be from charge exchange (CX) and model each comet's emission spectrum from first principles accordingly. Our model agrees with the observational spectra and also generates composition ratios for heavy, highly charged SW ions interacting with the cometary atmosphere. We compare our derived SW ion compositions to observational data and find a strong agreement between them. These results further demonstrate the utility of CX emissions as a remote diagnostics tool of both astrophysical plasma interaction and SW composition. In addition, we observe potential soft X-ray emissions via ACIS around 0.2 keV from both comets that are correlated in intensity to the hard X-ray emissions between 0.4–1.0 keV. We fit our CX model to these emissions, but our lack of a unique solution at low energies makes it impossible to conclude if they are cometary CX in origin. Finally, we discuss probable emission mechanism sources for the soft X-rays and explore new opportunities these findings present in understanding cometary emission processes via Chandra.
Transnational Connected Learning and Experimentation - Using live online classes and remote labs for preparing international engineering students for an international working world
Authors: May Dominik , Tekkaya A. Erman
Published: February 2016

Students, who are leaving their home country for taking part in an international study program, face several challenges. Not only the new course of studies can be very challenging but also their whole living conditions may change significantly. This can be a severe clash especially for students who are moving to a country with a totally different cultural background in comparison to their home countries. Moreover, it can profoundly complicate the first weeks at the new university. Knowing about the difficulties the Institute of Forming Technology and Lightweight Construction (IUL) at TU Dortmund University in Germany developed a preparational online course for those international students, who are coming to the IUL for their Master of Science program in Manufacturing Technology (MMT; a special international master program). In context of this course the use of the IUL’s remote laboratory equipment was a key aspect. The course itself was implemented and delivered for the first time in 2014. By now a second updated edition was delivered in 2015. It was designed to prepare the students as best as possible for their new studies at a German university and at the same time prepare them for transnational collaboration. Hence, this course is a good example for a meaningful integration of remote laboratories into an innovative online course concept. On the one hand making use of remote laboratories and its practical integration in online courses helps to connect the international students and on the other hand it brings them into the situation to interact in context of a typical engineering situation, the experiment. The paper presents the course itself and experiences from its first and second implementation.
Population Estimates for Northern Juvenile Peregrine Falcons With Implications for Harvest Levels in North America
Authors: Franke Alastair
Published: February 2016

I used a Lincoln–Petersen model to estimate the population size of northern-reared hatch-year (the cohort of individuals known to have hatched during the calendar year in which they were banded) peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) based on mark and recapture data from northern North America (including Greenland) from 1970 through 2010. This analysis supported a previous finding that migratory populations in western and eastern North America tend to remain separate, and are best analyzed as two distinct populations. The annualized Lincoln–Petersen estimate for the western population was 16,035 ± 2,040 falcons, and 5,245 ± 500 falcons for the eastern population, or approximately 21,000 hatch-year falcons when summed. Using productivity of 1.4 young/occupied site resulted in an estimate of the northern breeding population of more than 15,000 pairs or 30,000 breeding adults. Assuming that the number of nonbreeding adults was equal to the number of breeding adults, the estimated total annualized adult breeding-aged population was in excess of 60,000 falcons, and the total combined population at the end of a breeding season was in the order of 80,000 falcons by the year 2000. The peregrine falcon is no longer legally threatened in Canada or the United States, and legal harvest of wild-caught migratory peregrine falcons is permitted for the practice of falconry. Using the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service harvest guideline, and the annualized estimate of hatch-year falcons reported here (after mortality), it appears that the combined annual harvest limit in Canada, the United States, and Mexico could be conservatively set at 840 hatch-year falcons without negative impact to the breeding population.
Hadoop-Based Integrated Monitoring Platform for Risk Prediction Using Big Data
Authors: Seo Yoon Deuk , Ahn Jin Ho
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we present an integrated monitoring platform framework to enable risk prediction using big data. By using social media and access records of their users, the proposed system determines uncertain risks they could create. By using the risk information that has been obtained from the platform, it can determine whether they should be granted the requested rights to access to restricted areas. And it can set some places that should be monitored as restricted areas. If the intrusion is detected in an area that has been set, then it promptly notifies the administrator with agile viewers showing him/her the intrusion for preparing the next step. So, it will provide a control situation for the administrator in real time and can detect the risky moments that may occur in advance.