bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are heroic or altruistic acts more desirable in human mate choice?
Authors: Farrelly Daniel , Curley Briar Audrey , Bhogal Manpal Singh
Published: May 2022

Previous research has shown that heroic acts are valued traits in human mate choice, due to their desirability particularly for long term partners. There is however inconsistency as to whether heroism is a more valued trait than more general forms of altruism, or if both signal the same underlying desired trait in partners. To assess this, the current study looked to directly compare the desirability of heroic and altruistic acts when both are options that individuals may choose. Here, both male and female participants were provided with descriptions of hypothetical individuals who chose to behave either heroically or altruistically in the same everyday scenario, and asked to rate their desirability for both short and long term relationships. It was found that although both heroic and altruistic individuals were considered more desirable for long term than short term relationships, there were no differences in the ratings of heroic and altruistic acts nor were there any sex differences. Accordingly it is concluded that heroism is not a distinct trait in mate choice than altruism, and both signal the actor’s underlying prosocial personality characteristic that is valued in long term relationship for both men and women.
Personalized Vocabulary Learning using Automatic Speech Recognition
Authors: Wilschut Thomas , Sense Florian , van Rijn Hedderik
Published: May 2022

Memorizing vocabulary is a crucial aspect of learning a new language. Although computerized adaptive learning systems have successfully improved the process of vocabulary learning by tailoring learning procedures to the needs of individual learners, the majority of such systems are limited to typing-based learning and do not allow for speech practice. Here, we aim to examine the possibilities for personalized speech-based learning. We combined a response-time based algorithm for adaptive item scheduling that was originally developed for typing-based learning with automatic speech recognition technology and tested the system with 50 participants. We show that typing- and speech-based learning result in similar learning outcomes and that using an adaptive scheduling algorithm improves learning performance relative to traditional learning in both modalities. These results can inform the development of language learning systems that—unlike traditional systems—focus on one of the most important aspects of learning a language: to practice speech.
Momentary Emotional Fingerprints of Internalizing Symptom Facets
Authors: Baez Lara , DeYoung Kathryn A. , Anderson Allegra S. , Islam Samiha , Grogans Shannon Elizabeth , Conway Christopher C , Shackman Alexander J. , Heller Aaron S
Published: May 2022

Anxiety and depression are common and challenging to treat. Yet our understanding of the dynamic emotional processes that underlie internalizing illness remains incomplete, thwarting treatment development. Here, we used ecological momentary assessment to understand relations between real-world affective dynamics and specific internalizing facets in a young adult sample enriched for internalizing risk. Momentary reports of high average negative affect (NA) levels and low average positive affect (PA) levels were associated with elevated symptoms, broadly. Contrary to expectations, high PA variability, but not NA variability, evidenced a similarly broad profile of associations. Clustering analyses indicated that Panic and Suicidality, and separately, Dysphoria, Lassitude, and Social Anxiety shared common emotional fingerprints, marked by high average/low variability in NA, and high average NA/low average PA/high PA variability, respectively. These results provide a novel framework for understanding the everyday mood dynamics that underlie specific symptoms of internalizing illness.
Question-answer dynamics in deductive fallacies without language
Authors: Chung WooJin , Bade Nadine , Blanc-Cuenca Sam , Mascarenhas Salvador
Published: May 2022

We introduce purely visual paradigms that convey the logical structure of illusory inferences from disjunction: (a AND b) OR c, a |- b. Although the logical information was conveyed entirely via non-linguistic means, we found that the visual paradigms induce reasoning fallacies, though less attractive than their linguistic counterparts. The visual paradigms highlight the role of alternative-based reasoning, or question-answer dynamics, as they control for narrowly interpretive processes that confound the study of their linguistic counterparts. To our knowledge, this is the first work to develop visual paradigms that represent reasoning fallacies committed by adults and involve multiple logical operators non-trivially embedded. Previous studies focused on pre-verbal children or non-human animals, and for this reason limited the scope of research to visually representing logically simple, valid inferences.
Pengembangan trainer robot line follower dan revitalisasi pembelajaran abad 21 menuju era society 5.0 di SMK Negeri 1 Kras Kediri
Authors: Sujito Sujito , Sendari Siti , Elmunsyah Hakkun , Jiono Mahfud , Santika Agustin Rindi , Tahfidlul Azmi Muhammad
Published: May 2022

To support industrial development in the era of super-smart society 5.0, the State Vocational High School 1 Kras Kediri seeks to produce competent graduates by applying a teaching model that has a constructive paradigm, involves the active role of students, and prioritizes practicum. It is intended that SMK graduates can compete in the 21st-century industry. The problem of schools today is the lack of complete learning support equipment. So that learning is less effective. On the other hand, the implementation of learning is still dominated by a teacher-oriented learning system. So to support the Computer Network Engineering skill competency program in basic programming subjects, a Line Follower Robot Trainer was developed. The Line Follower Robot Trainer that has been made has sophisticated specifications using an ESP32 microcontroller processor. In addition, 21st-century learning revitalization workshops were also conducted which were attended by teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Kras Kediri to strengthen the 21st-century learning paradigm based on students (student-oriented learning). In general, the results of the community service program that have been implemented can overcome the problems faced by SMK Negeri 1 Kras, the Computer Engineering expertise program in programming subjects.
Editor's Note Vol. 5
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: May 2022

No abstract available.
COVID-19 Pandemic and the Impact of Quarantine on Mental Health of Adult Population
Authors: Ghimire Gita Devi , Gharti Kamala , Poudel Anju
Published: May 2022

A new infectious disease known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is posing a serious public health threat worldwide. Isolation and quarantine are two important public measures to prevent transmission of coronavirus from one person to another. A new environment, a departure from loved ones, and insecurity over disease status in quarantine can aggravate mental health problems. The study was descriptive cross-sectional that covered 305 adult populations of Rupa Rural Municipality, Kaski to determine the impact of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to their mental health. The researcher used the self-reporting DASS-21 to collect the data through a web-based google form questionnaire from 1 September 2020 to 1 October 2020. The study demonstrated that 60.7 percent of respondents were below 35 years of with mean age of 33.92 years with a standard deviation of 11.702 and exercise was done by 53.1 percent of respondents. The study also revealed that 95.1 percent of respondents were up to date regarding the COVID 19 trend in Nepal mostly through a social network (37.9%). Among the quarantined group, 24.9 percent, 20 percent and 1.2 percent had depression, anxiety and stress respectively whereas among non-quarantined respondents, 5.7 percent had depression, 12.9 percent had anxiety and 1.4 percent had stress. Binary logistic regression resulted in the odds for respondents with depression who did not do physical exercise are 0.27 (95% CI for OR: 0.115-0.645) and the odds for female respondents are 0.219 (95% CI for OR: 0.08-0.595) with anxiety among the quarantined group. The study concluded that the negative impact on quarantined respondents' mental health was higher than that of the non-quarantined respondents. Hence, a psychological counseling using virtual techniques should be offered especially for those under quarantine, which would comfort them and follow-up care as well as mental health services that can be provided as necessary.
The Digital Divide in Online Learning: A Case Study of University Students in Nepal
Authors: Baral Rohit Prasad
Published: May 2022

This article analyses the online teaching-learning experience of university teachers and students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal. The purpose of this study is to explore the challenges of online teaching-learning such as the availability of ICT infrastructure, technological skills and management for online classes by the higher education institutions. The researcher collected and studied some of the related academic and policy documents to understand the procedure of online teaching and learning in and around the country during the pandemic. This study was based on qualitative research utilizing semi-structured interviews with 15 participant students and five teachers from Prithvi Narayan Campus, Pokhara, Nepal. Only the students of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, and the Faculty of Management were selected for data collection. This study took the non-participant observation of various online classes and personal involvement and experiences as references to support and strengthen the data collected through interviews. The purpose was to find and discover the situation of online modes of teaching learning. The findings of the study indicated that the digital use in teaching and learning is the best alternative as it creates opportunities in an adverse situation. However, it causes many divisions among students. It is suggested that the government and university authorities should create a strong-learning atmosphere among the students so that the lines of division among students would be erased gradually.
A Holistic Approach to National Security Strategy in Nepal: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Basnet Arjun
Published: May 2022

Geopolitical and strategic compulsions have posed critical challenges to the national security of Nepal. To safeguard its sovereignty, independence, indivisibility, and international credibility, the slogan of ‘nation first’ must be adopted in the country. We need to strengthen nationalism by reinforcing economic, political, social, cultural, moral, and psychological facets. To repair the damages, we need to devise a process carefully wherein the state actors and non-state actors from formal and informal sectors have a joint coordinated action plan to develop the entire nation as a whole. This research will analyze such socio-political, behavioral, and economic variables, which will assist in finding the gaps in the current system leading to the formulation of an appropriate conceptual approach to strengthening national security strategies. This study applies the qualitative research design and aims to explore the political dynamics in Nepal with an interpretative approach. To substantiate the claims, the researcher uses primary and secondary data from multiple sources. The essence of the subject matter provides a wider domain for future researchers to explore more about this area of study.
STICHWORT. Bewegung archivieren
Authors: Hauser Margit
Published: May 2022

Feministische Archive und Bibliotheken sind wesentlich für die Weitergabe von Frauen- und Lesben(bewegungs)geschichte. Der Artikel stellt das feministische Archiv STICHWORT (Wien) vor, zeigt einige Besonderheiten bei Bestandsaufbau und Erschließung und skizziert die sich verändernde Nutzung und die Kommunikation innerhalb frauenbewegter Zusammenhänge.
„Wissen, Können und Herzblut“. Persönliche Statements zum 30jährigen Bestehen von frida
Authors: Steger-Mauerhofer Hildegard , Hacker Hanna , Osiebe Sieglinde , Pietsch Traude , Schaller-Steidl Roberta , Seiser Gertraud , Spring Claudia , Stromberger Christine , Wolensky Madeleine , Breitenfellner Kirstin , Buder Christina , Kramberger Lizzi , Luef Evelyne , Schneider Ursula , Zechner Johanna
Published: May 2022

Zum 30-jährigen Bestehen wurden alle seit Beginn an vernetzten Frauen* angefragt, ihre ‚persönliche frida-Geschichte’ zu teilen. Von den Aktivistinnen der Gründungsphase und den derzeit aktiven Frauen sind 15 Frauen* dieser Einladung nachgekommen. Es sind dies Personen aus autonomen, institutionalisierten sowie universitären Einrichtungen und Vereinen; es sind Personen, die in der Gründungsphase von frida aktiv waren; Personen, die inzwischen in einem anderen Berufsfeld tätig sind und weiter mit frida verbunden bleiben; Personen, die inzwischen ihr Erwerbsleben hinter sich gelassen haben. Die von vielen sehr geschätzte Vielfalt in frida spiegelt sich auch in den persönlichen Beiträgen wider.
Von der Frauenbibliothek bis zum Zines-Archiv. Selbstdarstellungen der in frida vernetzten Einrichtungen
Authors: Autorinnen Diverse
Published: May 2022

Die in dem Beitrag genannten Einrichtungen sind derzeit Mitglieder von frida, dem Verein zur Förderung und Vernetzung frauenspezifischer Informations- und Dokumentationseinrichtungen in Österreich. Die Vorstellung ist alphabetisch gelistet. Sie reicht von „A“, wie der AEP-Frauenbibliothek in Innsbruck, die 1979 als erste feministische Bibliothek in Österreich gegründet wurde – bis „Z“, wie dem Zines-Archiv an der Universität Salzburg, das queer-feministische Zines aus der Riot-Grrl-Bewegung seit den 1990er-Jahren sammelt. Diese beiden sehr unterschiedlichen Einrichtungen geben bereits einen Eindruck von der Vielfalt der spezifischen Bibliotheken, Archive und Dokumentationseinrichtungen in Österreich, die sich hier näher vorstellen.
Lesbische und queere Feminismen. Ein binnenfeministisches Reibungsverhältnis
Authors: Baumgartner Dani
Published: May 2022

Der Aufsatz zeigt aktuelle und historische Spannungsfelder zwischen lesbisch-feministischen und queer-feministischen Strömungen, aber auch gemeinsame politische Anliegen auf. Als Teil feministischer Öffentlichkeiten sind frauenspezifische/feministische Archive, Bibliotheken und Dokumentationseinrichtungen Teil dieser Auseinandersetzungen, die durchaus auch respektvoll geführt werden können.
Gender in Comics? Fragen und Antworten zum Forschungsprojekt "Visualitäten von Geschlecht in deutschsprachigen Comics"
Authors: Hochreiter Susanne , Rauchenbacher Marina , Serles Katharina
Published: May 2022

Das Projekt Visualitäten von Geschlecht in deutschsprachigen Comics, das vom FWF gefördert wird und am Institut für Germanistik der Universität Wien angesiedelt ist, untersucht in systematischer Weise, wie Gender in Comics auf den verschiedenen Ebenen sprachlicher und visueller Codes erzählt wird und inwiefern Geschlechternormen (kritisch) diskutiert werden. Der Beitrag stellt das Forschungsprojekt, seine Konzeption und Ziele, das Korpus sowie die zentrale Datenbank und nicht zuletzt die theoretischen Zugänge vor. Darüber hinaus werden Charakteristika von Comics in Hinblick auf Gender thematisiert und Berührungspunkte mit frida reflektiert. Tatsächlich sind Comics von Frauen, darunter zahlreiche autobiografische Arbeiten, ein wesentlicher Teil des Comics-Boom der letzten Jahrzehnte. Mehr noch erscheinen Comics von und für Frauen als besonders geeignetes Medium für oft tabubelastete Themen, indem Krankheit, Sexualität, Traumata, Gewalt und Verletzungen verschiedenster Art in ihrer zugleich persönlichen und gesellschaftlichen Komplexität artikuliert werden. Auto_biografische Dokumente sind wichtige Elemente dieser künstlerischen Auseinandersetzungen. Ein Beispiel dafür ist Ulli Lusts autobiografischer Comic Heute ist der letzte Tag vom Rest deines Lebens (2009).
Insomnia, Medicalization, and Expert Knowledge
Authors: Kroker Kenton
Published: May 2022

Historians have clearly articulated the ways in which sleeplessness has long been part of the human condition. As an object of medical expertise and public health intervention, however, insomnia is a much more recent invention, having gained its status as a pathology during the 1870s. But while insomnia has attracted considerable and concerted attention from public health authorities allied with sleep medicine specialists, this phenomenon is not well explained by classical medicalization theory, in part because it is the sleepless sufferers, not the medical experts, who typically have the authority to diagnose insomnia. The dynamics of insomnia’s history are better described as those of a boundary object, around which concepts and practices of biomedicine and psychology coalesce to frame contemporary notions of self-medicalization and self-experiment.
Posted to Germany: Early Cold War Canadian Military Policy and Its Impact on One Family’s Experience
Authors: Elliott Jayne
Published: May 2022

In the summer of 1954, military surgeon Major Robert Elliott was posted to the British Military Hospital in Iserlohn, Germany, to provide medical care to Canadian soldiers, members of the 5,500-strong Canadian Brigade that had earlier been stationed there as part of Canada’s commitment to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Like many other military families, Elliott’s family had to remain behind until suitable accommodation for them could be found. Based on the letters that Elliott wrote home to his wife during their eight-month separation, this article provides a glimpse of how both old and new Canadian military policies during the early Cold War period had an impact on his work and his family. The Canadian government’s decision to place the Brigade under British control reflected, in part, the long-standing attachment to Britain, but Elliott was often frustrated with how imperial/colonial relations played out in the hospital setting. And the military’s initial reluctance to officially allow dependents to join their loved ones overseas, a new phenomenon in Canadian military life, undoubtedly contributed to his confusion and anxiety over when family quarters would finally be finished.
Information Science Students’ Emotional Response to Copyright
Authors: Benson Sara Rachel , Ocepek Melissa
Published: May 2022

Copyright intersects with every field of Library and Information Science (LIS) from archival and preservation practices to reference services and academic librarianship. However, copyright instruction is still lacking in many Information Science programs across the country ( Cross & Edwards, 2011 ; Schmidt & English, 2015 ). The sudden move to remote online education in the spring of 2020 due to a global pandemic highlighted the importance of understanding copyright exceptions and, especially, the power of fair use to quickly provide resources to a wide variety of patrons with novel needs. The need for accessible copyright education for all information professionals has never been stronger. However, engaging with copyright often provokes cognitive as well as affective uncertainty, likely due to the fear and anxiety that can come from the threat of serious financial and reputational consequences. Logically, it seems that librarians might feel less anxious about copyright if they had participated in formalized training about copyright focused on legal issues impacting library and information professionals. To understand this likely correlation, the researchers queried students using a qualitative survey both before and after taking an eight-week intensive copyright course that paired legal expertise with an everyday approach to material designed to demystify the law. Using phenomenographic methodology, the investigators asked their information science students how they attempt to answer copyright questions and how they feel about doing so. The results provide evidence supporting the need for more robust copyright education in schools of information science, as such training to help future librarians to feel more prepared to answer copyright questions and less anxious about intersections between copyright and their field of librarianship before they enter the workforce.
Fostering Doctoral Student Socialization and Research Expertise through Writing Pedagogy
Authors: Hands Africa S. , Tucker Virginia M.
Published: May 2022

In this article, we introduce a pedagogical exercise for doctoral writing and publication that aims to support students’ grounding in their research and to demonstrate concretized thinking throughout various stages of the research/writing/doctoral milestone process. We add to existing doctoral writing pedagogies with the contribution of the 7-Slide Update, which guides doctoral students to focus on key dissertation elements to support their socialization into and communication within academic discourse communities. This exercise creates a structure by which students can begin articulating their research, charting yearly progress, and developing as communicators of scholarship through written and oral means. The pedagogical exercise also supports socialization as doctoral students position their work in their respective disciplinary or academic discourse communities as it emphasizes developing research expertise and scholarly communication skills. The exercise is adaptable for use in doctoral and graduate-level programs. The article presents the original implementation of the exercise at a doctoral student residency and its modified version implemented a year later. Feedback from student and faculty participants is shared and implications are detailed.
Cultural Heritage Informatics: Building an Interdisciplinary Master’s Concentration
Authors: Botticelli Peter
Published: May 2022

The rising demand for digital information resources and services in the LAM sector has sparked many innovations by educators in recent years, as we seek to prepare students for careers in an environment that has continued to witness rapid and hard-to-predict changes. Granting agencies such as IMLS have played an important role in driving innovation to meet the needs of new professionals, in part by funding curriculum development projects within LIS schools, but also by facilitating dialogues between educators and practitioners. This work traces a 10-year process whereby one LIS school has designed and tested new courses as well as a new Master’s concentration geared to the needs of LAM professionals who will be expected to work intensively with digital technologies, workflows, and collections. Through a succession of projects, some with grant funding, the school has been able to engage practitioners on an ongoing basis, enabling it to build a substantial and regularly updated body of case-study data on LAM practices, which has informed course development efforts and which has enabled the school to meet its key objectives of delivering authentic learning experiences for students and to maintain an up-to-date curriculum in an evolving area of study within the LAM disciplines. It is hoped that both the experience and the results to date will help justify continued support for innovations in LAM education.
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Experiential Learning: Development of a Community-Grounded Online Internship Program
Authors: Bayır Didar
Published: May 2022

After spreading quickly around the world and causing the declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, COVID-19 has also forced educational institutions into lockdown around the world. They had to continue their activities through distance learning and online courses to cope with this pandemic outbreak. One of the areas of higher education that was most affected by this unexpected situation was internship programs, and alternative ways began to be sought instead of face-to-face internships. The aim of this study is to introduce the first online internship program developed in lieu of an in-person internship program as a response to nationwide lockdowns due to the pandemic. The program was conducted between June 29 and July 24, 2020, via the Zoom platform and designed in five modules, with the detailed content information provided under each module. A total of 21 sessions were held, and 32 library and archive specialists contributed to the program.

The study also provides information on the results of a survey applied to 61 students at the end of the program. The analysis of the survey results demonstrates that the majority of the interns who participated in the program preferred to have a face-to-face internship. But also, they explained that this program was a valuable contribution to their theoretical learning as it was run by professionals from different information organizations. Also, the sustainability of the program is reviewed by taking into account its advantages and disadvantages. Overall, this study provides an international perspective on an alternative model of internship programs which supports theoretical education in the library and information science field.
Demystifying Digital Archives: Undergraduates, Active Learning, and a Path to Outreach
Authors: Wagner Webster Jessica
Published: May 2022

This article outlines the development of a three-credit digital archives course designed for undergraduates. In it, students study basic archival and digital archives terminology and learn about how these concepts can help them understand current events. This course strives not only to help students develop critical thinking skills by engaging with primary source content; it also helps familiarize students with archives, archivists, and the importance of archival work. In addition, the course relies heavily on active learning techniques, which allow students to participate in decision-making activities in archival work, giving them an appreciation for the labor involved. The course therefore fulfills an outreach function: It shows students why archives are relevant to their lives and to the world around them. The article places this course in the context of archival education for undergraduates and non-professionals, highlighting the benefits this approach offers for students and for the professional archival field.
ENERGY ANALYSIS OF A HEAT PUMP AIR HANDLING UNIT FOR THE DEHUMIDIFICATION AND AIR CONDITIONING OF A PRODUCTION PREMISE
Authors: Bezrodny M.K. , Misiura T.O.
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of thermodynamic analysis of the theoretical model of the heat pump system of ventilation, air conditioning and dehumidification of the production room with variable values of internal moisture and heat generation during the transition and warm seasons. The influence of exhaust air energy recovery on the system efficiency is established and evaluated. As a prototype was adopted blacksmith shop, where it is necessary to maintain technological conditions (temperature and relative humidity). Calculations were performed using the method of successive approximations to estimate the air parameters at the nodal points of the system. This established the theoretical refrigeration efficiency of this system and showed the benefits of energy recovery to reduce energy consumption for the system. This model can be used for the design of air handling units with a set heat pump circuit.
Exhaust Gas Emissions of Homogeneous Gasoline-Methanol-(Ethanol) Blends
Authors: Waluyo Budi , Purnomo Bagiyo Condro
Published: May 2022

In recent years, one of the most logical efforts made to reduce the dependence on fossil energy sources is the use of a gasoline-methanol fuel blend. However, the problem in using a gasoline-methanol blend as fuel is that the methanol will eventually separate itself from the gasoline unless they are properly blended together, this is because methanol has a polar hydroxyl group called monohydric that binds water vapor together, causing the mixture to separate. Previous research showed that adding a small amount of ethanol to the gasoline-methanol blend makes it a homogeneous blend. Therefore, this research aims to identify the exhaust emissions of the homogenous gasoline-methanol-(ethanol) blend. For each blended fraction was tested on a single-cylinder four-stroke engine.  The emission test is carried out in two stages which include the gasoline mode, and the alcohol mode. These two measurement modes undergo a validation process to correct the differences in the measurement results of the gasoline-methanol-ethanol blends. The test results show that increasing the methanol fraction in the gasoline-methanol-(ethanol) fuel blend results in reduced emission of carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon because methanol has a high enthalpy of evaporation, which increases both volumetric efficiency and complete combustion. In addition, the increase in the methanol fraction in the gasoline-methanol-(ethanol) blend showed a higher increase in carbon dioxide emissions. This is because methanol and ethanol have a much lower energy content than gasoline. Therefore, its energy production per unit time requires more fuel molecules.
Renewable and Sustainable Green Diesel (D100) for Achieving Net Zero Emission in Indonesia Transportation Sector
Authors: Setiawan Indra Chandra , Setiyo Muji
Published: May 2022

Because of the significant demand for fuels in the transportation sector in Indonesia, as well as concerns about energy security and global warming, renewable, sustainable, and alternative energy sources such as biofuels are required to replace petroleum-based fuels.  Promoting the production of green diesel from crude palm oil (CPO) using palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) as its byproduct will make the overall process more efficient and environmentally friendly in Indonesia.  As a result, CPO-based diesel production will be a green and high-value sector.  By replacing fossil diesel with green diesel, a sustainable energy source can be assured without further depleting current fossil fuels, leading to cleaner and greener energy in the future and meeting the net-zero aim by 2060.
Results of monitoring of Ranodon sibiricus Kessler, 1866 (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae) populations in the southern part of the area
Authors: Dujsebayeva T.N.
Published: May 2022

Results of monitoring study of Ranodon sibiricus (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae) populations in the southern part of its range (Southeastern Kazakhstan) are reported in the paper. Spatial and quantitative characteristics of species distribution for 2009–2011 were compared with those obtained in the last quarter of the past century. It is suggested that the southern populations are more endangered than others. Glacier degradation due to climate warming is assumed as a key limited factor for the species in the coming decades.
Comparative analysis of forelimb musculature in Laonastes aenigmamus (Rodentia: Diatomyidae)
Authors: Gambaryan P.P. , Zherebtsova O.V. , Perepelova A.A.
Published: May 2022

The forelimb musculature of the relict rodent Laonastes aenigmamus Jenkins et al., 2005 (Diatomyidae) was studied for the first time. Ctenodactylus gundi and Chinchilla lanigera were also first included in the morphological analysis for comparative purposes. These species belong to different infraorders, Ctenodactylomorphi and Hystricognathi, the members of which could be closely related to Laonastes according to available hypotheses. The peculiar features of the examined muscles, like the more primitive topography of the m. rhomboideus, the unusual insertion of the m. endopectoralis and absence of the m. flexor digitorum sublimis, were revealed in Laonastes. In addition, a number of common characters in the structure of the locomotor musculature were also observed in Laonastes and Ctenodactylus: a single undifferentiated condition of the m. trapezius; the muscular origin of the m. sternomastoideus; the unusual attachments of the m. latissimus dorsi and the unique origin of the m. dorsoepitrochlearis unnoted in other rodents. The majority of these features are probably indicative of more archaic organisation. The obtained results support the hypothesis of the close affinity between Diatomyidae and Ctenodactylidae proposed on the basis of the moleculargenetic and some morphological data.
Morphology of the genital structures in some species of the genus Platydracus Thomson, 1858 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)
Authors: Khachikov E.A.
Published: May 2022

Description of the genital structures of the following species of the genus Platydracus Thomson, 1858 are presented: P. stercorarius (Olivier, 1795), P fulvipes (Scopoli, 1763), P. сhalcocephalus (Fabricius, 1801), P. flavopunctatus Latreille, 1804 P. brevicornis Motschulsky, 1862 P. latebricola (Gravenhorst, 1806), P. maculosus (Erichson, 1839), P. fossator (Gravenhorst, 1802), P. ochropygus (Nordmann 1837) and P. allardi Levasseur, 1967. The morphological structures and morphogenesis of the genitalia of the genus Platydracus are discussed.
Locomotor activity of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis L.
Authors: Lezin P.A.
Published: May 2022

Locomotor activity of the blue mussels Mytilus edulis L. was investigated in the laboratory experiments. Movement speed of molluscs with shell length from 1 to 60 mm was analysed. Average values of motion measured during short-time intervals ranged from 8 to 12 mm/min and did not depend on the mussel size. Generally, movement of the mussels was uneven with periods of inactivity (breaks). Young mussels moved continuously with rare and short breaks. Frequency and duration of the breaks increased with mussel’s size. The rate of movement estimated for the period of experimental time changed according to the duration of breaks. Mussels with a shell length of 1–30 mm showed the maximal movement speed, while the motion activity of the bigger molluscs was significantly lower. The obtained results are discussed in view of behavioural changes in mussels during ontogenesis.
Again on Euplectrus thanhi Yefremova, 1994 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Yefremova Z.A.
Published: May 2022

Correct dates of publication are indicated for two papers, in which Euplectrus thanhi Yefremova, 1994 has been described as a new species. The publication in “Trudy Zool. Inst. Ross. Akad. Nauk” has priority.
Lectotype designations for some Palaearctic Aeliini (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Derzhansky V.V. , Pluot-Sigwalt D.
Published: May 2022

Lectotypes are designated for five nominal species of Aelia and Neottiglossa.
Relationship between Stereotypical Beauty Standards and Secondary Social Status of Women
Authors: Sajid Roheena , Ali Shagufta Hamid , Chaudhry Abid Ghafoor
Published: May 2022

There is no doubt about the fact that women throughout the world are discriminated against and hold a secondary status in every sphere of life. They are stereotyped when it comes to their roles in family/social life. There are even stereotypical beauty standards in every culture to dictate, how a woman should look like.Women are expected to attain those unattainable beauty standards in order to be considered acceptable to the society. This stereotyping plays a central role in shaping women’s behaviors in everyday life and determining their status in the society, which is secondary to the men folk. The purpose of this study is to study the variables (the stereotypical beauty standards about women and their (women’s) secondary social status) to discover the relationship between the two. Also this study aims to evaluate the impact of the stereotyping on the lives of women so that some guidelines could be developed to avoid the negative impacts of stereotypical beauty standards on women. Furthermore, it could be helpful for the policy-making process to assist the states to achieve the sustainable development goals 2030. Since it is not possible to attain these goals without including the 51 Percent of the world’s population, i-e women, into the process of policy making at the state level..
Coping Strategies Used by the Primary School Teachers to deal with Stress, Depression and Anxiety: A Self-Management Perspective
Authors: Aftab Muhammad Javed , Rehman Navid Ur , Shehzadi Kiran
Published: May 2022

The present study was conducted to draw out the causes of stress, anxiety and depression among the teachers as these issues are now very common in government school teachers. The main motivation behind the study was to evaluate the current practice and Strategies used by a teacher to cope with these issues, to cure the impact of school management on mental health and to know coping strategies. A questionnaire was developed to investigate the general perception of teachers About the causes of stress,anxiety and depression in school and coping strategies to overcome these issues in Punjab. The questionnaire was based on sources of stress, anxiety and depression and coping strategies subdivided into sections i.e.emotional coping strategies and problem-solving coping strategies keeping in view of all domains of anxiety,depression and stress. The study was focused on exploring what are school sources cause stress, how school management cause stress and what are coping strategies a teacher can use to increase mental peacefulness.The present research study was conducted in 9 division Punjab schools involving 100 teachers from the education department as participants. This research study was quantitative in nature. Questionnaires were developed and approved by experts in the field of special education. The participant’ responses were analyzed to infer conclusions. The results of the study support our claims school management is the main reason for creating anxiety, stress and depression while improving mental health and bringing emotional stability emotional and problem-solving strategies are beneficial for them. The research suggests that building good mental health of the teachers must be aware of these strategies so, they can achieve good social and academics outs in a better way.
Teachers' Perception towards the Establishment and Effectiveness of Early Childhood Education
Authors: Ashraf Sadia , Hashmi Muhammad Aamir , Jabbar Muhammad Naveed
Published: May 2022

Education is a systemic framework for building the cornerstone of civilization. It is animportant factor in any country's success worldwide. Early Childhood Education (ECE) is a branch ofeducational philosophy that refers to education for young children up to the age of eight years. The mainobjective of this study was to find out teachers’ perceptions of this ECE setup. A teacher is a part andparcel of our education system and any policy can’t succeed without satisfaction. The population of thisstudy was teachers involved in early childhood education set up in the district Nankana Sahib. Whereas,308 teachers were selected as a sample using a stratified sampling technique. The data was collectedthrough instruments by survey method. On the whole, it was found that most of the statements on thequestionnaire had a mean score higher than 3 which shows teachers’ positive perception of the ECEsetup. There was a significant difference in the perception of teachers based on gender. This study isbeneficial for the development of early childhood education.
A Study of Principals' Conflict Management Styles in Government Degree Colleges of Punjab
Authors: Ilyas Marina , Ch. Abid Hussain
Published: May 2022

The conflict has become integral in educational institutions. Institutional administrator plays a vital role in handling the conflict efficiently. The way leaders control the conflict can affect the staff and institutional performance. This research focuses on identifying the conflict management styles of principals. This study was descriptive and quantitative in nature. Teachers working in government degree colleges located in central Punjab were the target population of the study. There are 339 government degree colleges in central Punjab and 4623 teachers (male and female) are working in these colleges. The sample was selected by using the multistage sampling technique. Sample of this research comprised 884 teachers (male and female). The questionnaire was used for the collection of data. Mean standard deviation and frequency in descriptive statistics whereas independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA was used in inferential statistics. Results of the study revealed that principals are using different styles to manage conflict. The dominating style was being used by female principals, whereas male principals preferred to use compromising and avoiding style to handle conflict in government degree colleges of Punjab.
Critical Analysis of Prison Rules and Laws about Women Prisoners a Case Study of Hyderabad Women Prison
Authors: Jatoi Shabana kouser , Jatoi Muhammad Nouman
Published: May 2022

The prisons are the part of criminal justice system, prisons are created to correct the offender and to prevent the crime. Time to time concept of prison had changed his faces. The prisons created to confine the offender and prevent crime in the society from the concept of deterrence to rehabilitation. The researcher tried to analyze the situation existing in prison system of Pakistan specifically focusing on the treatment with the women offenders and the existing laws dealing with women prisone and their implementation in the prisons. As the current report on legislation by Sindh province shows that the Sindh assembly had passed almost unprecedented number of bills especially “The Sindh Prison And Correction Service Act 2019” and Rules under it while changing the prison to the correctional institutions in Sindh The study focuses on the implementation of these new laws existing laws and the current scenario of women prisons.
Legislation on Access to Information: The Perspective of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Right to Information Act
Authors: Bannian Bushra , Arif Sardar M.A. Waqar Khan , Gardazi Syed Mudasser Fida
Published: May 2022

Information encourages active participation of public in affairs of state. Keeping in view the importance of Right to Information (RTI), the United Nations (UN) has termed it as “touchstone of all the freedoms to which the UN is consecrated”. The government introduced 13th Constitutional amendment in 2018 by which RTI was incorporated in Azad Jammu and Kashmir Interim Constitution, 1974. The fact that RTI has been explicitly protected by the constitution can’t be undermined however this constitutional provision needs assistance by an ordinary legislation. Because, only an Act can prescribe the scope of right,responsibility of officials, kinds of information to be made available proactively, procedure to be followed to request and the mechanism to grant remedies in case of denial or unsatisfactory response to requested information etc. To resolve the issue of lack of RTI Act in AJK the study shows that there is no legal or constitutional barrier for the enactment of RTI Act, besides it is an immense need in the territory. The study foresees RTI Act as significant mean to bring democratic reforms and to bridge the gap among the individuals and the government.
Problems Faced by the Families of Patients with Psychological Disorders: A Case of Nishter Hospital Multan
Authors: Mehr Rashina , Ali Shagufta Hamid , Chaudhry Abid Ghafoor
Published: May 2022

This research study aimed to describe the socioeconomic problems faced by families of mentally ill patients due to mentally ill member. Case study research design was used to collect and analyze data by using different tools and techniques. 12 case studies were taken from neurology ward of Nishter hospital Multan through purposive sampling. It was found that the families of mentally ill persons considered the causes of mental illness as psychological problems and some of them also considered it as supernatural phenomenon. They firstly relied on Pir baba and other faith healers for mentally ill patients’ treatment and then came to hospital after the failure of faith healing in this way they had to face a lot of economic expenses. Because of mental illness the families of mentally ill patients faced social (isolation,stigmatization, time wasting, marriage problem etc.) and economic problems (loss of job, loss of income etc.).
Roles and Responsibilities of Urban Planners to Address the Issues of Built-up areas in Pakistan
Authors: Nawaz Minahil , Tahir Zaira
Published: May 2022

Town planning is defined as the art and science of ordering the use of land and the character and siting of buildings and communication routes so as to secure the maximum practicable degree of economy,convenience, health and beauty. So is the role of urban planners to manage and maintain this for the sustainability of the cities. They look for the present conditions of their surroundings and work to improve them and add new additions if required. But Unfortunately, lately, Pakistan lack planners in their said roles and responsibilities. The planners are not consulted before most of the urban development projects, thereby ignoring and not coordinating with various planning departments, the decisions of the government will become nothing but a blot on the future of already blighted cities. Hence there is a dire need to empower the planning profession in order to improve the urban contexts of our country. Sharing the field knowledge via hands-on workshops is a solution to better engage planners and help policymakers to internalize the findings. The Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of Management and Technology have gathered planners from all over Pakistan and asked for major planning issues and their subsequent suggestions to resolve these issues. Highlighted in the workshop, most of the core problems are related to housing, transportation, and sustainable development. The paper is basically to channel the findings of a workshop aiming at fostering discussions on urban issues among the professionals who're the ultimate stakeholders. Focusing on a multidimensional urban phenomenon, the paper aims to deepen the understanding of contemporary urban issues in Pakistan, leading toward the solutions to be adopted by government officials to advance progress and sustainability ultimately
Arms Race and its Impact on South Asia
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Muneeb , Ullah Muhammad Usman , Safia
Published: May 2022

This research paper aims at investigating the ongoing arms race in South Asia. The escalating competition of arms race between Pakistan and India has enormous impacts on the stability of the region. Indian initiation of acquiring any weapon, conventional or non-conventional, Pakistan will go through the same route. Indian aspiration of acquiring a new defense system, S-400 missiles, and recent successful test of anti-satellite weapons poses a serious threat to the security and stability of Pakistan.Consequently, Pakistan will also go for the smart technological weapon. The main aim of this paper is to investigate that which reasons urge Pakistan-India to go through for adopting hazardous nuclear weapons,spending more budget of G.D.P. on defense, and modernizing the military capability in the conflict-prone region. This competition of arms race in the crisis-prone region will, no doubt, lead to the destruction of the region