bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SMOKING AND CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS: FOLLOW‐UP STUDY IN CHINA
Authors: Jia En‐Zhi , Liang Jun , Yang Zhi‐Jian , Zhu Tie‐Bing , Wang Lian‐Sheng , Chen Bo , Cao Ke‐Jiang , Huang Jun , Ma Wen‐Zhu
Published: December 2008

The aim of the present study was to explore the association between the total number of cigarettes smoked in life and the severity of and mortality due to coronary atherosclerosis.

The study population comprised 1096 consecutive patients (820 men and 276 women) who underwent coronary angiography for suspected or known coronary atherosclerosis. Anthropometric and plasma measurements (body mass index, blood pressure and blood lipid, blood glucose and pro‐insulin levels) were made. The number of cigarettes smoked during previous years was estimated. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was defined by the Gensini score system.

At baseline, a significant positive association was observed between the number of cigarettes smoked and Gensini score (r = 0.213; P = 0.000), pro‐insulin (r = 0.072; P = 0.017), total leucocyte count (r = 0.179; P = 0.000) and neutrophil count (r = 0.164; P = 0.000), whereas an inverse correlation was found between the number of cigarettes smoked and High‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol (r = −0.150; P = 0.000).

When participants were divided into five categories based on the baseline number of cigarettes smoked, an independent association between baseline number of cigarettes smoked and all‐cause mortality was observed in a multivariate analysis of Cox proportional hazards models, with a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.328 (1.086–1.623; P = 0.006) during a median follow up of 2.86 years.

The number of cigarettes smoked was a highly significant predictor of coronary atherosclerosis and an independent risk factor for mortality in subjects with atherosclerosis in this Chinese population.
Waist circumference predicts cardiovascular risk in young Australian children
Authors: Watts Katie , Bell Lana M , Byrne Susan M , Jones Timothy W , Davis Elizabeth A
Published: December 2008

Aim:  It has been shown that compared with healthyweight children, overweight and obese primary school‐aged children have a higher incidence of hyperinsulinism, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. It is therefore important to investigate clinically relevant markers of cardiovascular risk in children. Waist circumference is a simple, non‐invasive anthropometric measure, but its association with cardiovascular risk profile in young Australian children is not clear.

Methods:  This study presents cross‐sectional data from the Growth and Development Study. The sample included 70 healthy weight children, 50 overweight children and 28 obese children (n = 148, 9.6 ± 1.9 years). All children had a medical assessment which included a physical examination (waist circumference, blood pressure), and investigations including glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, triglycerides, insulin, glucose and total homocysteine levels. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in a subgroup of children (n = 119). Body mass index (BMI) was determined and BMI Z‐scores calculated.

Results:  In a multilevel model, waist circumference was the only significant anthropometric predictor of lipid profile (high‐density lipoprotein β = −0.01, P < 0.05; triglycerides β = 0.01, P < 0.005), systolic blood pressure (β = 0.29, P < 0.05), fasting insulin (β = 0.16, P < 0.005), insulin concentrations throughout the oral glucose tolerance (60 min β = 1.07, P < 0.005; 120 min β = 1.42, P < 0.001) and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment (HOMA‐IR): β = 0.03, P < 0.05), with increasing waist circumference associated with increasing cardiovascular risk. In contrast, BMI Z‐score was only predictive of 120‐min glucose concentrations during the OGTT (β = 0.34, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:  Waist circumference is a better anthropometric indicator than BMI Z‐score of cardiovascular risk in Australian primary school‐aged children. Even in young children, measurement of waist circumference represents a simple, non‐invasive screening tool to identify children with an increased cardiovascular risk profile.
The Fremantle lead study part 2
Authors: Guttinger Robin , Pascoe Elaine , Rossi Enrico , Kotecha Rishi , Willis Frank
Published: December 2008

Aim:  A 1993 study of blood lead levels (BLLs) in pre‐schoolers living in Fremantle showed 25% had BLLs ≥ 10 µg/dL. This study compares the 1993 BLLs with a sample of contemporary Fremantle pre‐schoolers.

Methods:  Pre‐schoolers (0–5 years) living in the Fremantle area were recruited from hospital and community settings during 2005. As in the 1993 study, guardians completed a questionnaire concerning demographic, environmental and behavioural variables. BLLs were determined by the same method used in 1993. Statistical analysis compared the 1993 and 2005 samples according to demographic variables and dichotomised BLL. Multivariate linear regression was used to control for confounding variables, and linear regression was used to identify risk factors in the 2005 sample.

Results:  Community (40) and hospital (60) participants provided blood and completed questionnaires; none had BLLs ≥10 µg/dL. Compared with the 1993 sample, 2005 participants were younger, fewer were aboriginal, more had occupied their homes for over 6 months and more had a habit of putting soil in their mouths. After controlling for these variables, the geometric mean BLL in 2005 remained significantly lower than the 1993 value (1.83 and 6.82 µg/dL respectively). As in 1993, aboriginality, presence of participants during home renovation, occupancy of home less than 6 months and living <200 m from a main road were associated with higher mean BLLs.

Conclusions:  The reassuring decline in the mean BLL between the1993 and 2005 samples is likely associated with the phasing out of leaded petrol. Future research should concentrate on monitoring groups at higher risk.
Electrical burn injuries in children
Authors: Tomkins Katherine L , Holland Andrew JA
Published: December 2008

Aim:  Electrical burns account for up to 10% of burns admissions worldwide. Although a potentially serious mechanism of injury in children, there exists limited Australian data. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, presentation, management and complications of electrical burn injuries in children.

Methods:  We performed a retrospective case note review of all children under 16 years of age with electrical burns admitted to the New South Wales Paediatric Burns Centre over an 8‐year, 2‐month study period between November 1995 and December 2003.

Results:  Twenty‐two cases were identified. The mean age at presentation was 7.6 years (range 8 months to 14.3 years). Eighty‐six percent of cases were sustained from a Low Voltage (<1000 W) power source and 55% occurred in males. The total body surface area burnt ranged from 0.5% to 35% with an average of 4%. Fourteen children had their burns managed non‐operatively, but eight required various surgical procedures ranging from local debridement and primary closure to full‐thickness skin grafting. The average length of hospital stay was 6 days (range 1–58 days). Complications occurred in 4 of the 22 patients (18%) and included wound infections, acute renal failure because of myoglobinuria, permanent electrocardiogram changes and long‐term paraesthesia. Three patients (14%) suffered continued morbidity because of scarring, amputation and psychological disturbance. There was no mortality.

Conclusions:  Electrical injury was an infrequent but potentially serious cause of injury in children. Minor injuries were successfully managed non‐operatively. Neurological sequelae, cardiac arrhythmias and renal failure remain serious complications in up to 20% of cases.
MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION OF MEGAMITOCHONDRIA INDUCED BY COPPER‐CHELATING AGENTS. III. FORMATION AND SOME BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MEGAMITOCHONDRIA INDUCED BY DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE (DDC)
Authors: Asano Masahisa , Wakabayashi Takashi , Kurono Chieko , Ozawa Takayuki
Published: December 2008

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), a copper‐chelating agent, has induced megamitochondria in mouse hepatocytes simply by feeding the animal with a diet containing the noxious agent.

Megamitochondria have been isolated from the liver, specified above, in a medium containing albumin. Phosphorylating capacities of such megamitochondria have revealed that they are tightly coupled. Biochemical properties of megamitochondria, such as cytochrome contents, activities of copper‐containing enzymes. and contents of Cu2+, strongly suggest that copper‐chelating action of the agent may not be related to the formation of megamitochondria just as in the case of cuprizone‐induced megamitochondria. Moreover, contents of divalent metals such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ were drastically decreased in the mitochondrial preparation specified above. Similarities in biochemical aspects of DDC‐induced megamitochondria to those of cuprizone‐induced megamitochondria together with ultra structural changes in the her and clinical appearances of the mouse treated with the agent would strongly suggest that the mechanism of the formation of megamitochondria induced either by DDC or by cuprizone may be the same.
METASTATIC CARCINOMA IN CIRRHOTIC LIVER— STATISTICAL SURVEY OF AUTOPSIES IN JAPAN.
Authors: Hamaya Kazuo , Hashimoto Hiroyuki , Maeda Yukio
Published: December 2008

Autopsy records for the period of 1958–1972 in Japan as listed in ‘The Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases’ were reviewed and the incidence of metastatic neoplasms in the cirrhotic liver was surveyed. This included data from 240, 377 patients of which 8, 798 cases (3.66%) had liver cirrhosis excluding biliary and cardiac types. Those who had co existent liver cirrhosis and extrahepatic malignant neoplasm totalled 737 (8.40/, of the cirrhotics). Of these 737 patients, 194 had metastatic neoplasms to the cirrhotic liver (26.3% of those who had cirrhosis and neoplasms). The incidence of hepatic matastases in the non‐cirrhotics was 38.3% during the period 1958–1959, and 43.2% in 1967–1968. The difference in incidence of metastasis to the cirrhotic as opposed to the non‐cirrhotic liver is statistically significant. This finding supports the claim that metastatic neoplasms to the cirrhotic liver are less frequent than metastasis to the non‐cirrhotic liver. However, they are by no means rare. These results may be due to that the patients with both cirrhosis and neoplasms can not live long enough for metastasis to develop.
ALCOHOLIC HYALIN‐LIKE BODIES FOUND IN THE PANCREATIC ACINAR CELLS AND NERVE CELLS OF THE BRAIN
Authors: Kojima Kuniji
Published: December 2008

The presence of hyalinoid body as an eosinophilic, dendriform to irregularly shaped mass was noted in the cytoplasm of pancreatic acinar cells of 13 among a series of approximately 150 autopsy cases of alcoholism examined. Similar subcellular structures were also demonstrable in nerve cells of the brain in 2 of these cases. The hyalinoid body stained scarlet in phloxine methylene blue preparations and orange‐brown in preparations with the Masson staining method (modified procedure of Gomori), and was revealed to be a fibrillar filamentous mass by electron microscopy. These characteristics suggest its marked resemblance to alcoholic hyalin in liver cells.
NEUROPATHOLOGY OF CREUTZFELDT‐JAKOB DISEASE IN JAPAN
Authors: Mizutani Toshio
Published: December 2008

Neuropathology of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (GJD), particularly of the panencephalopathic type and its additional findings, was described. The panencephalopathic type of CJD was characterized by extensive degeneration of the cerebral white matter which is diffuse in the deep and circumscribed and spongy in the digital white matter. This white matter lesion could not be explained simply as secondary to cortical deterioration. Most cases of the panencephalopathic type disclosed Involvement of anatomically‐interrelated systems in various combinations (inferior olivary nucleus‐pontine nucleuscerebellar cortex, globus pallidus ‐ subthalamus ‐ substantia nigra, optic tract‐lateral geniculate body ‐ optic radiation, and primary thalamic degeneration). These associated findings which could be paralleled as those of combined multisystemic degenerations have been found not only in the panencephalopathic type but also in other subtypes of CJD including Japanese cases of spongiform encephalopathy with multiple kuru plaques. They cannot be considered as coincidental to CJD.
EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF CREUTZFELDT‐JAKOB DISEASE
Authors: Tateishi Jun , Koga Makoto , Mori Ryoichi
Published: December 2008

Tissues taken from 10 patients with Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) were inoculated to many species of small rodents and primates. Successful transmission was done from 9 patients with a varied incidence after different incubation periods. After the second passage, the incidence became high and incubation periods were reduced approximately to four months in mice. Squirrel monkeys needed the longest incubation period in our experiments. Intracerebral inoculation was the fastest route of transmission followed by other parenteral and oral routes. Spongiform change and gliosis in the CNS were common pathological changes, though their distribution was peculiar to each animal species. The distribution in mice differed with each inoculated material taken from the patients, suggesting the multiplicity of CJD agents. Unconventional properties of the causative agent disclosed through this animal model were discussed.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATION OF NEONATAL LUNGS WITH TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE AND FREEZE‐FRACTURE REPLICATION
Authors: Manabe Toshiaki
Published: December 2008

Nine neonatal and one child lungs in various conditions were examined with electron microscopy combined with thin section and freeze‐fracture replication techniques in order to study mainly ultrastructural changes of lamellar inclusion bodies of type II alveolar cells. Lungs from neonates with respiratory distress syndrome and with bronchopneumonia showed occasional lamellar inclusions that were partially amorphous in thin section and granular and fragmentarily linear in freeze‐fracture preparation. This change was considered to represent focal micelle formation of phospholipid lamellae. No specific morphological changes were noted in lungs of respiratory distress syndrome. In contrast, lungs from thanatophoric dwarfism showed ripple appearance of inclusion lamellae. This was considered to possibly represent unusual phospholipid compounds forming lamellae. Other interesting findings were also described.
CONFIRMATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE RENAL CELL TUMORS IN ENDSTAGE/LONG‐TERM HEMODIALYSIS KIDNEY REVEALED TYPICAL ACQUIRED CYSTIC TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Ohmori Takaaki , Sekigawa Susumu , Sunagawa Masaoki , Tatsumi Yoshimi , Ohshima Masato , Enoki Noboru , Kitahori Yoshiteru , Hiasa Yoshio , Murata Yoshio
Published: December 2008

Histopathological study of the endstage kidney in a 50‐year‐old male who died after intermittent maintainance hemodialysis for 10 years was reported. At autopsy, both kidneys were contracted and characterized by grossly visible discrete multiple cysts. Histopathological study of consecutive sections of both kidneys revealed that these cysts were distributed throughout a completely disorganized parenchyma and were composed of dysplastic epithelial cells of different types and of structures, some of which revealed neoplastic transformation.
PAGETOID RETICULOSIS (WORINGER‐KOLOPP DISEASE) An Ultrastructural and Immunocytological Study
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Tanno Kazuho , Iijima Susumu
Published: December 2008

Histopathological, immunocytological and ultrastructural observations are reported in the first case of pagetoid reticulosis (Woringer‐Kolopp disease) in Japan. The patient was a 61‐year‐old woman with multiple skin lesions running a chronic and apparently benign clinical course. Histology of the skin biopsies revealed typical pagetoid appearance of the epidermis due to intraepidermal infiltration of abnormal cells. Ultrastructural investigation showed that the intraepidermal abnormal cells were classified into mycosis fungoides cells, Sezary cells, lymphoblast‐like cells, and large blastoid cells and that the mycosis fungoides cells were a major cell population. Inter mediate or transitional cells were found between these cells and large blastoid cells were mostly situated in the basal cell layer. By the rosetting assays of the free cell suspensions prepared from the epidermis of the biopsied skin lesions, 93% of the suspended cells were positive for spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes. The immunoperoxidase technique demonstrated no cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in almost all the intraepidermal abnormal cells. These results indicate that the intraepidermal abnormal cells are T‐lymphocytes. Thus, it is concluded that the present case is a cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma of low‐grade malignancy showing prominent epidermotropism. This case is the first description of the disease in Japan. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 32: 513∼526, 1982.
MASUGI NEPHRITIS IN THE NUDE MICE AND THEIR NORMAL LITTERMATES
Authors: Okada Kaname , Oite Takashi , Kihara Itaru , Morita Takashi , Yamamoto Tadashi
Published: December 2008

Masugi nephritis was studied in the male nude and their normal littermate BALB/c mice. In the second phase, severe histological changes consisting of numerous thrombi, thickening of the capillary walls, segmental capillary necrosis, tubular atrophy and numerous casts in the tubular lumen were found in the nephritic nude mice. By electron microscopy, dense deposits were found in the subendothelial space, together with massive fibrin deposition in the capillary lumina. Degeneration and disappearance of endothelial cells could also be seen. On the other hand, the nephritic BALB/c mice showed definite hypercellularity of the glomeruli but less exudative changes. In the second phase, granular deposition of mouse IgG was seen in the mesangium of the nephritic nude mice. In contrast, in the nephritic BALB/c mice, mouse IgG was localized in a linear fashion along the capillary walls. In the plaque forming assay, no indirect plaques against rabbit gamma‐globulin were developed in the nephritic nude mice.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS ON BIFURCATIONS IN RAT CEREBRAL ARTERIES
Authors: Kojimahara Masayasu , Ooneda Genju
Published: December 2008

The bifurcation pads (“valve‐like projections”) in the anterior cerebral arteries of rats with long‐term hypertension were studied electron microscopically. The rats ranging in age from 2 to 10 months were sacrificed after bilateral renal artery constriction at 5‐week‐old. In the bifurcation pads (intimal pads) of hypertensive rats, smooth muscle cell damage first appeared in the roots of the pads as well as underlying media in the form of granular, vesicular, and somewhat tubular structures (200–1500 Å in diameter). Thereafter, with a lapse in time after the operation, these abnormal substances increased around the smooth muscle cells which were arranged in the marginal zones of the pads. Deeply arranged intimal smooth muscle cells which were embedded in an abundance of ground substances were only damaged in rats with very long‐term hypertension. The medial smooth muscle cells beneath the pads manifested lesions which were more marked and diffuse than in the intima. These smooth muscle cells were bizarrely atrophied and abnormal substances which might be derived from necrotic smooth muscle cells were found around them. Basement membrane‐like substances, either thick or multilaminated, were also present around them.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF LIVER LESIONS IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Tobe Kazuo
Published: December 2008

Liver biopsy specimens from a primary biliary cirrhosis (PBG) patient and two control patients with other biliary disorders were examined under the electron microscope, with special reference to intrahepatic bile ducts. The PBG patient had a bile duct with an 80 μm diameter that showed specific alterations in epithelial cells. These cells were termed oncocytes, and their main features were: the presence of a large number of swollen mitochondria with abnormal cristae, no mitochondrial bodies, small number of exocrine granules and an undulated nucleus with a large cytoplasm. The number of mitochondria per ultrathin‐sectioned epithelial cell was greater by about 2 times in the oncocytic epithelial cells compared to the control cells. Fine fibrils and long‐spacing collagens were present around the PBC bile duct. Periductal capillaries of the bile duct had multilayered basement membranes. These periductal changes may have induced the oncocytic changes in the epithelial cells. The basement membrane of the bile duct was meandrous and often disrupted, but not multilayered. Many lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrated among the epithelial cells.
PRIMARY MALIGNANT TUMOR OF THE HEART
Authors: Matsumoto Masao , Amano Shigeru
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a primary malignant tumor of the heart in a 15‐year‐old boy was reported. The tumor had possibly arisen from the subendocardial region of the septal area of right atrium, occupied the atrial septum and formed a spherical mass with a diameter of ca. 9 cm. It protruded into the right atrial chamber and ruptured the endocardium. Multiple metastases were observed in the lungs and the paratracheal lymph nodes. On the basis of light and electron microscopic features, the tumor was interpreted as a poorly differentiated mesenchymal tumor with partial myxosarcomatous differentiation. The histogenetical aspects of this tumor were discussed with reference to morphology and cytodifferentiation of primitive mesenchymal tissues of the heart.
XANTHIC VARIANT OF NON‐OSSIFYING FIBROMA (SO‐CALLED XANTHOFIBROMA) OF THE MANDIBLE
Authors: Ide Fumio , Kusuhara Shinji , Onuma Heiji , Miyake Tateo , Umemura Shin'ichiro
Published: December 2008

An unusual case of a 37‐year‐old female with xanthomatous bone tumor of the right molar area of the mandible was presented. The tumor was asymptomatic and found to be a well‐demarcated intraosseous radiolucent lesion on radiographic examination. Histologically the tumor consisted of two cell types, fibroblastic and xanthomatous cells. There was no osteoid, bone or cartilage formation. However, numerous psammomatous calcified bodies were seen in the fibrous area. Ultrastructural study showed fibroblastic cells in different stages of proliferation as the basis of the tumor which transform itself into xanthomatous cells. From the clinicopathologic findings, our case was thought to be a xanthic variant of non‐ossifying fibroma (so‐called xanthofibroma) of the mandible.
BRONCHIAL PLASMACYTOMA IDENTIFIED BY IMMUNOPEROXIDASE TECHNIQUE ON PARAFFIN EMBEDDED SECTION
Authors: Okada Shigeru , Ohtsuki Hitoshi , Midorikawa Osamu , Hashimoto Keishi
Published: December 2008

A case of bronchial plasmacytoma occurring in a 57‐ year‐old housewife is reported. She had had the productive cough and the “abnormal shadow” in the right lower lobe for three years before admission. On bronchocopy, a tumor was found in the right main bronchus, large enough to obstruct the air way. The tumor was resected through rigid bronchoscope. Histological impression was “plasmacytoma with local amyloid deposit.” M‐protein was never detected in the serum or urine. Applying the immunoperoxidase technique for the paraffin section, the plasma cells were found to contain only a single type of immunoglobulin, Ig G‐L. The differential diagnosis between plasmacytoma and plasma cell granuloma was made, and plasmacytoma was considered to be one type of extranodal malignant lymphoma.
DNA TEMPLATE ACTIVITY IN RAT BRAIN TUMORS INDUCED BY TRANSPLACENTAL ADMINISTRATION OF ETHYLNITROSOUREA
Authors: Hara Hiroshi , Moriki Toshiaki , Miyao Masahiro , Enzan Hideaki , Kutsukake Fumiko , Yamane Toshiko
Published: December 2008

The ultracytochemical acridine orange (AO) method has been employed to demonstrate DNA template activity within experimental brain tumors induced by transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea (ENU) in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Ultrastructural examination revealed that acridine orange binds to DNA exclusively within the active extended euchromatin portion of the cell nucleus of brain tumor and of foci of atypical cell proliferation. No AO reaction products were visible in the non‐neoplastlc cell nuclei adjacent to the brain tumors. The percentages of AO positive cells in brain tumor ranged from 25.9 to 69.6%, whereas average labeling indices of brain tumor cells in rats given an intraperitoneal injection of 3H‐thymidine 1 hr before sacrifice were between 2.4% and 8.0%. The average number of AO chromatin reaction products per single section of a cell nucleus varied between 7 and 21. The ratios of areas of euchromatin to heterochromatin were found to be slightly larger in AO positive nuclei than in AO negative nuclei in each of the tumors. The present results suggested that rat brain tumors induced by transplacental administration of ENU exhibit de‐repression of DNA template normally repressed in the adult state. The usefulness of this method for study on the development of experimental brain tumors is briefly discussed.
AMORPHOUS AND STELLATE AMYLOID IN FUNCTIONING HUMAN PITUITARY ADENOMAS
Authors: Osamura R. Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Keiichi , Komatsu Noriyuki , Ohya Masaki , Kageyama Naoki
Published: December 2008

Two types of amyloid, amorphous and stellate, were studied in 3 functioning human pituitary adenomas (2 prolactin‐secreting and one growth hormone (GH) secreting) by histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques and by electron microscopy. The amorphous amyloid was found in all 3 adenomas, but the stellate type was observed only in the GH‐secreting tumor. Both types of deposits satisfied the staining characteristics of amyloid and were composed of aggregated filaments, 30–300 Å in diameter by electron microscopy. The stellate type was strongly positive for GH by immunohistochemistry and showed ultrastructural transition to surrounding tumor cells, findings strongly suggestive of a hormonal origin. The presence of scattered secretory granules in the amorphous type was correlated with weak immunostaining for prolactin in the amyloid.
ADENOMA WITH MULTIPLE HYPERPLASTIC NODULES IN NONCIRRHOTIC LIVER POSSIBLY RELATED TO LONG‐TERM ADMINISTRATION OF A HYPOLIPIDEMIC DRUG
Authors: Mori Hideki , Tanaka Takuji , Sugie Shigeyuki , Takahashi Masayoshi
Published: December 2008

Described here is an autopsy case of a 76‐year‐old woman with preneoplastic and other adenomatous hepatocellular lesions. Multiple small hyperplastic liver foci with PAS positive reaction and adenomatous nodular lesions were noted in a non‐cirrhotic liver. These lesions resembled altered foci or neoplastic nodules which are currently regarded as premalignant changes in experimental animal models. It is suggested that the liver lesions of this woman may be related to long‐term administration of hypolipidemic drug cloflbrate for hypercholesteremia and the lesions could be one of the precursor changes of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
DISSECTING ANEURYSMS OF THE CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Shin Phyjou , Minamino Takazo , Onishi Shunzo , Kitamura Hajime
Published: December 2008

This paper reports two cases of coronary dissecting aneurysms of the heart. These were found among 45 consecutive autopsy cases with cardiac diseases from January, 1978 to April, 1981. The first case, a 60‐year‐old woman, revealed dissecting aneurysm involving the aorta and three main coronary arteries in association with cystic medial necrosis. The second case, a 55‐year‐old man, revealed dissecting hematoma limited to the right coronary artery without any presumptive causal lesion to the dissection. The dissections could not be identified by either clinically or even macroscopic examinations of the autopsy materials.

It is likely that the dissecting coronary aneurysm is not so uncommon nor fatal lesion as previously thought. Considerable number of the cases would be concealed in those of sudden death not autopsied or carelessly autopsied, or in those survived myocardial infarction not angiographied.
CENTRAL PONTINE MYELINOLYSIS
Authors: Kusuyama Yoji , Tanaka Shoji , Sakatsuji Kikukazu , Nishihara Tom , Saito Koji , Ikeda Kiyoshi , Inui Jiro , Iwahashi Yoshiaki
Published: December 2008

A young pregnant woman showing clinical symptoms of numbness, vertigo, diplopia, and amnesia with associated hypernatremia ran a fulminant course. At autopsy, an area of extensive demyelination in the center of the pons was found and a pathological diagnosis of central pontine myelinolysis was made. Since definitive etiology and pathogenesis of the lesion have not been established, we investigated the role of humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of this condition by retrospective immunofluorescent study; the result was negative. Possible factors related to the etiology and pathogenesis of the lesion in this case are discussed.
MECHANISM OF INDUCING AUTOLOGOUS ANTIBODY FORMATION IN NEPHROTOXIC SERUM NEPHRITIS
Authors: Togashi Kenichi , Yamamoto Tadashi , Haka Masanori , Harada Keiko , Kihara Itaru , Eguchi Shoji
Published: December 2008

The role of the heterologous antibody fixed in the kidney was evaluated by means of transplantation of a nephritic kidney to a normal recipient in the rat. An Intravenous Injection of 0.5 ml of nephrotoxic serum could not induce distinct changes in the heterologous phase, but it could cause mild or moderate changes in the autologous phase. Titration of rat antibody to rabbit IgG according to passive hemagglutination test showed that rabbit IgG fixed in the transplant could Induce autologous antibody formation with a similar intensity to nephrotoxic serum given intravenously, indicating that fixed antigen played the most Important role In autologous antibody formation and other factors, such as the kidney‐fixing rabbit IgG remained in circulation or fixed In other tissues and the gamma‐globulin other than anti‐kidney antibody, might be less important. It was unclear which antibody, fixed or dissociated from the transplant, played the more important role in stimulating antibody formation.
BASAL CELL ADENOMA WITH ACINIC DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: Suzuki Keiji
Published: December 2008

A case of basal cell adenoma in the left parotid region of a 45 years old male was reported. The tumor measured 1.1 cm × 0.9 cm, was spherical and covered with a fibrous capsule. Histologically, it was a monomorphic adenoma, forming solid, trabecular, tubular and acinic structure. The tumor cells secreted PAS‐positive substance. Electron microscopically, the tumor consisted of three kinds of cells ‐ secretory cells containing electron‐dense secretory granules, non‐secretory cells, and myoepithelial cells. The acinus was formed of single‐layered secretory cells, in the base of which myoepithelial cells were observed. The tubulus was formed of both secretory and non‐secretory cells, and myoepithelial cells were found in the base of the tubules. The interstitium was narrow, and was composed of a small amount of collagen fibers, myoepithelial cells, and basement membrane‐like substance.
HYALINE GLOBULES IN YOLK SAC TUMOR Histochemical, Immunohistochemical and Electron Microscopic Studies
Authors: Nakanishi Isao , Kawahara Ei , Kajikawa Kinichiro , Miwa Atsuo , Terahata Shintaro
Published: December 2008

Four cases of yolk sac tumor of the testis and ovary were examined by histochemistry, lmmunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy, and particular attention was directed toward the close relationship between hyaline globules and alpha fetoprotein (AFP). The hyaline globules were easily identified as eosinophilic globular structures located in the cytoplasm of the tumor cell as well as in the extracellular space. They were considered to be of glycoprotein in nature by their histochemical staining property. By an indirect immunoperoxidase method, the majority of intracytoplasmic hyaline globules were positive for AFP. Electronmicroscopically, the hyaline globules appeared as electron dense bodies with no limiting membranes. They were divided into two types by their electron density and inner structure: one is an electron high dense body consisting of homogenous or fine granular materials and the other is a moderately electron dense body composed of fine filamentous structures similar to the basement membrane materials. It is suggested that the former corresponds with the AFP positive hyaline globules produced by the tumor cells of visceral type, while the latter represents the AFP negative globules formed by the cells of parietal type in non‐neoplastic counterparts.
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC CHANGES OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS IN DIABETIC DOGS INDUCED BY STREPTOZOTOCIN
Authors: Yasuda Hitoshi , Kim Chon II , Kakudo Kenichi , Morino Hideo , Kitamura Hajime , Harano Yutaka , Shigeta Yukio
Published: December 2008

Light and electron microscopic studies on exocrine pancreas of diabetic dogs with duration of diabetes up to a year induced by streptozotocin were performed. In the pancreatic acinar cells of the long‐term diabetic dogs, atrophy, hyperplastic nodules, and interacinar and interlobular fibrosis were exclusively observed by light microscopy and autophagic vacuoles, lipid droplets, fragmentation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and decrease or varying size of zymogen granules were much more frequently found by electron microscopy compared with the control. The results might indicate the possibility that insulinopenia causes the injurious effect on exocrine pancreas to produce interacinar fibrosis.
CHILDHOOD TYPE POLYMYOSITIS AND RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Kamata Kohju , Kobayashi Yutaka , Shigematsu Hidekazu , Saito Toyokazu
Published: December 2008

A 21‐year‐old woman developed rapid muscle weakness and quickly deteriorating renal function. Pathological findings revealed prominent vasculitis in the muscle and crescentic glomerulonephritis. Combined steroid and heparin treatments could not prevent the development of the renal lesion, but the muscle involvement had soon improved. Although the pathogenesis remains unclear, immune complexes may be involved in this renal lesion.
CLOVERLEAF SKULL SYNDROME An Autopsy Case and Review of Literatures
Authors: Sano Jinyu , Sasaki Yoshiro , Shimada Hiroyuki , Misugi Kazuaki , Kagyo Hisashi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of cloverleaf skull deformity associated with hydrocephalus, systemic skeletal malformation including facial dysostosis, fused elbow, syndactyly of the toes, odd digits and striking anomaly of tracheal cartilage is presented. Extra‐skeletal abnormalities included covered anus, dermal sinus and the absence of corpus callosum and the septum pellucidum. Severe basal skull deformity appeared to be a primary morphologic alteration associated with premature closure of the specific sutures, which terminally resulted in life‐threatening hydrocephalus. Histological investigation showed the abnormalities of endochondral ossification in the cartilage at the epi‐ and meta‐physis of the fused elbows. In addition, electron microscopical study revealed unusual fat droplet‐containing chondrocytes even in the resting and multiplicative phase. Association of the tracheal anomaly with this syndrome was disclosed in this case. Generalized bone and cartilage abnormalities not only in the skeletal system but also in the internal organs strongly suggest that this disorder involves generalized osteocartilagenous system. The present case makes a total of 14 cases of the cloverleaf skull syndrome reported in the Japanese literatures to date. Major clinical and pathologic findings of these cases were summerized.
HYPOPHOSPHATASIA
Authors: Imai Shunsuke , Sekigawa Susumu , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Okuyama Takazo , Tsubura Yoshihiko
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of bypophosphatasia in lethal form in a fetus was reported. The female fetus of 40 gestational weeks was prenatally diagnosed as the specific type of congenital disease, because of no detection of calcification of whole bones by X‐ray examination. Autopsy showed decrease of the anterioposterior diameter of the chest and marked short extremities. Laboratory data revealed an extreme low value of alkaline phosphatase in the serum. Microscopical examinations showed marked retardation of calcification in the trabecule of whole bones. Family pedigree in second generations suggested that this disease was an autosomal recessive disorder and the parents were heterozygous carriers.
ISCHEMIC ENTEROCOLITIS WITHOUT ARTERIO–OCCLUSIVE LESION
Authors: SAITO Ken , SHIMIZU Hideo , YOKOYAMA Takeshi , KAWATA Katsuya , MATSUMURA Takanori , MORIOKA Yasuhiko
Published: December 2008

Four cases of Ischemic enterocolitis without arterio–occlusive lesion were described. Three cases were associated with sigmoid colon carcinomas. Ischemic lesions developed anal to the carcinomas in two cases, and oral to sigmoidostomy to relieve intestinal obstruction by carcinoma in one case. One other case was associated with inguinal hernia. Grossly, ischemic lesions involved relatively short intestinal segments, and the ischemic colonic lesions were not related to teniae coli. Extensive veno–occlusive lesions were discovered in a case of ischemic stricture of the ileum, which had been incarcerated in the right inguinal hernia. Reversible mechanical occlusion of the intestinal vessels caused by transient or recurrent intestinal strangulation is the most probable cause of these ischemic lesions., ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 249–256, 1983.
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN IN HUMAN GASTRIC CARCINOMA
Authors: ITO Hisao , TAHARA Eiichi
Published: December 2008

A total of 164 gastric carcinomas comprising 97 advanced cancers and 67 early cancers were examined immunohistochemically for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Tumor cells containing immunoreactive hCG was found in 7 cases or 10.4% of the early cancer cases and in 11 cases or 11.3% of the advanced cancer cases. Moreover, the incidence of hCG–beta subunit positive cells was 8.2% in the advanced cancer cases and 6.0% in the early cancer cases. The incidence of these cells didjnotjdiffer significantly by histological type and by infiltrative growth of gastric carcinoma. However, hCG–containing tumor cells were frequently detected in poorly differentiated or undifferentiated area within the tumor, fa addition, these cells did not contain mucin or argyrophil granules. The three year survival rates indicated a tendency for advanced gastric cancer containing hCG to have a poor prognosis. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 287–296, 1983.
RENAL VASCULAR LESIONS IN SEVERE HYPERTENSION
Authors: AKIKTJSA Bunshiro , KONBO Yoichiro , IRABU Noritsugu , SHIGBMATSU Hidekazu
Published: December 2008

Renal vascular changes In severe hypertension were studied. Twenty–five cases selected from 4,629 autopsies were classified into 2 groups according to the cause of death: group 1 (9 cases died of renal failure) and group 2 (16 cases of extra–renal death). Group 1 had been clinically diagnosed as malignant hypertension and had the hallmarks of malignant nephrosclerosis characterized by arteriolar fibrinoid necrosis and edematous intimal thickening. Group 2 had been clinically diagnosed as benign hypertension and basically exhibited the changes of benign nephrosclerosis. However, about half of the cases of group 2 had arteriolar fibrinoid necrosis, though the lesion was usually less extensive than in group 1. Immunofluorescence revealed similar deposits of immunoglobulins and fibrinogen in the site of fibrinoid necrosis observed in both groups. As for the changes of interlobular arteries, a quantitative analysis disclosed a distinctive difference between groups 1 and 2 with respect to the narrowing ratio of arterial lumina, though edematous intimal thickening was recognized on relatively rare occasions in the distal interlobular arteries to a few cases of group 2. From the results, the problem of transition from the benign to malignant nephrosclerosis was discussed. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 323–331, 1983.
PSEUDOMESOTHELIOMATOUS CARCINOMA OF THE LUNG WITH HISTOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors: NISHIMOTO Yukio , OHNO Tomohiko , SAITO Koji
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the right lung in a 56–year–old man occupationally exposed to stone dust is presented. From open biopsy specimens in which polyhedral epithelium–like cells appeared arranged in nests, sheets, and trabecula without apparent tubular pattern, a malignant pleural mesothelioma was suspected. At autopsy, the right pleural cavity was obliterated by the tumor mass which covered the collapsed pulmonary parenchyma and was clearly demarcated from it. The gross appearance of the tumor was similar to that of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Histologically, marked Interstitial fibrosis of the subpleural parenchyma of both lungs was observed, and the tumor tissue was interspersed in the parenchyma adjacent to the tumor mass. The tumor showed both intracytoplasmic and intercellular positive materials with colloidal iron, alcian blue (pH 2.5), and toluidine blue stains, which entirelly disappeared after streptomyces hyaluronidase digestion. A small amount of intracytoplasmic PAS–positive material resistent to diastase digestion was also observed. Immunohlstochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen, which is said to be negative in malignant pleural mesothelioma, was positive intracellularly. There were no histologic findings indicating asbestos exposure. From these findings, the authors made a diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, which was characterized by the production of hyaluronic acid. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 415–423, 1983.
T‐ZONE HISTIOCYTES WITH S100 PROTEIN
Authors: Watanabe Shaw , Nakajima Takashi , Shimosato Yukio , Shimamura Kayako , Sakuma Hideo
Published: December 2008

Histiocytic cells with S100 protein compose a cell lineage independent of the monocyte‐macrophage system. Langerhans cells and indeterminate cells in the skin and oral mucosa, interdigitating cells in the T‐zone of the lymph node, and other lymphoid tissues belong to this cell lineage. In addition to these cells, small S100+ cells showed morphological transition to large histiocytes. In human fetuses, a large number of S100+ lysozyme‐ NCA+ cells first appeared in the thymic medulla by the end of the third month of gestation, and rapidly disseminated to the various lymphoid organs in accordance with the spread of T‐lymphocytes during the fourth month of gestation. S100+ small cells were more frequent than large cells and showed more rapid dissemination in the early stage. S100‐ lysozyme+ NGA+ immature macrophages appeared in the liver, spleen, lymph node anlage, and other tissues at the second month of gestation, and their distribution was completely different from S100+ histiocytes. Fetal development of T‐zone histiocytes with S100 protein supported the hypothesis that there are two histiocytic cell lines; one is the monocyte‐macrophage system, another is the S100+ T‐zone histiocyte system.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN IN ADENOCARCINOMAS OF THE UTERUS
Authors: Ueda Satoshi , Tsubura Airo , Izumi Haruaki , Sasaki Masamichi , Morii Sotokichi
Published: December 2008

In order to distinguish endocervical adenocarcinoma from endometrial adenocarcinoma, an immunoperoxidase stain for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was tried. All of 10 endocervical adenocarcinomas revealed CEA and an adenosquamous carcinoma in the uterine cervix also showed it, while a mesonephroid adenocarcinoma in the uterine cervix did not. The immunohistochemical reaction products for the antigen were not observed in the glandular structures of 20 endometrial adenocarcinomas, although CEA was detected in all foci of squamous epithelial metaplasia occurred within 7 endometrial adenocarcinomas. CEA was detected in the endocervical type of glandular epithelium within a special endometrial adenocarcinoma containing predominantly endocervical type glandular epithelium. The immunoperoxidase staining pattern for CEA in the endocervical adenocarcinoma was related to the degree of histological differentiation of tumors, as follows; in the well differentiated glandular structure CEA was located on the luminal surface, while it was detected in the whole cytoplasm of tumor cells within the moderately and poorly differentiated areas. In conclusion, the immunoperoxidase stain for CEA would be useful for estimating malignancy of glandular structures within the uterus, distinguishing endocervical adenocarcinoma from endometrial adenocarcinoma, and grading of histological differentiation of endocervical adenocarcinoma.
NON‐HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA IN NORTHWESTERN KYUSHU ISLAND OF JAPAN
Authors: Mitsui Tetsuji , Kikuchi Masahiro , Eimoto Tadaaki , Nishiuchi Masayoshi , Toyooka Eeiko
Published: December 2008

Ninety cases of node‐based non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in northwestern Kyushu, Japan were classified according to the Japanese Lymphoma Study Group (LSG) and the immunological as well as clinicopathological studies were performed. There were 6 cases of small cell type, 23 of medium‐sized cell type, 25 of large cell type, 20 of pleomorphic type, 10 of lymphoblastic type and 6 cases of specific lymphomatous lesions (Lennert's lymphoma and T‐cell lymphoma with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy‐Iike pattern). Immunologically, the T‐cell character was predominant in pleomorphic type (100%), specific lymphomatous lesions (100%), medium‐sized cell type (80%) and large cell type (60%). Clinically, leukemic manifestation was frequently encountered in all histological types except for large cell type. The leukemic cells in pleomorphic type and T‐medium‐sized cell type were polymorphic, similar to those of adult T‐cell leukemia. Skin lesions were found chiefly in leukemic cases of pleomorphic and T‐medium‐sized cell types, and non‐leuke‐mic cases of T‐large cell type. The worst prognosis was observed in the pleomorphic type, especially of leukemic form. These results support the proposal of pleomorphic type as a distinct entity in prospecting the immunological subtype, clinical manifestations, and survival. In addition, T‐medium‐sized cell and pleomorphic types, having common clinicopathological characteristics, may be categorized as one group. On the other hand, T‐large cell type seems to be composed of heterogenous groups of the peripheral T‐cell tumor, although some cases overlap with pleomorphic type.
MORPHOLOGICAL LESIONS OF THE PANCREATIC DUCTS
Authors: Kodama Takaya , Mori Wataru
Published: December 2008

Morphological lesions of the pancreatic ducts were studied in 113 control autopsy cases, and 84 cases of primary pancreatic carcinoma. The lesions were classified into pyloric gland metaplasia, focal pseudo‐proliferation, goblet cell metaplasia, squamous metaplasia, and atypical proliferation. Diabetes mellitus or glycosuria, alcohol intake, and smoking do not seem to have any close associations with these lesions or pancreatic carcinoma. Pyloric‐gland and squamous metaplasias were found at nearly comparable incidences both in control and carcinoma cases, but marked atypical proliferations, which were indistinguishable from carcinoma in situ or intraductal spreading of carcinoma, were more frequently observed in the carcinoma cases. Pyloric gland metaplasia was the most common among the various lesions, and considered to represent nonspecific change of the pancreatic duct. However, it was suggested that some of the metaplastic lesions might be transformed into atypical proliferations and further into carcinoma in situ. The expected latent period from the appearance of in situ lesion to overt pancreatic carcinoma may be a clue to early diagnosis and effective surgical treatment, but possible multiplicity of carcinoma in situ or intraductal spreading of carcinoma even at its early stage will burden further problems on its treatment. On rare occasions, argyrophil cells were found In the pyloric gland metaplasia, and its significance was discussed in relation to the genesis of Zollinger‐Ellison tumor.