bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Goldberg–Huxley model of the pathway to psychiatric care: 21st-century systematic review
Authors: Huxley Peter , Krayer Anne , Poole Rob , Gromadzka Alicja , Jie Daniel Lai , Nafees Sadia
Published: June 2023

Background

The classification of mental disorders used to be based only on people seen by hospital psychiatrists. In fact, most people with a mental disorder were, and are, not seen by psychiatrists because of decisions made prior to psychiatric consultation. The first description of this ‘pathway’ to care and its levels and filters was published by Goldberg and Huxley in 1980.

Aims

To conduct a review of papers relevant to the application of the Goldberg–Huxley model in the 21st century.

Method

Systematic review (PROSPERO registration CRD42021270603) of the pathway to psychiatric care in the 21st century. The review concentrates on community surveys and passage through the first filter (consultation in primary care or its equivalent). Ten databases were searched for papers meeting the defined inclusion criteria published between 2000 and 2019 and completed on 15 February 2020.

Results

In total, 1824 papers were retrieved, 137 screened fully and 31 included in this review. The results are presented in a table comparing them with previous research. Despite major social, economic and health service changes since 1980, community prevalence and consultation rates remain remarkably consistent and in line with World Health Organization findings. Passage through the first filter is largely unchanged and there is evidence that the same factors operate internationally, especially gender and social parameters.

Conclusions

The Goldberg–Huxley model remains applicable internationally, but this may change owing to an increasingly mixed mental health economy and reduced access to primary care services.
Telmisartan-Loaded Lactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles as a Liver Specific Delivery System: Synthesis, Optimization and Targeting Efficiency
Authors: Nasr Mohamed , Kira Ahmed Y. , Saber Sameh , Essa Ebtessam A. , El-Gizawy Sanaa A.
Published: June 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a significant economic impact and a high mortality rate. Telmisartan (TLM) is a potential therapy for HCC, but it has a limited scope in drug delivery due to unpredictable distribution and poor bioavailability. The objective of this study was to prepare, design, and in vitro evaluate lactose-modified chitosan nanoparticles (LCH NPs) as a liver-targeted nanocarrier for TLM with the potential to offer a promising HCC therapy. The combination of chitosan with lactose was successfully attained using the Maillard reaction. TLM-LCH NPs were prepared, characterized, and optimized with the developed 23 full factorial design. The optimized formulation (F1) was in vitro and in vivo characterized. LCH was synthesized with an acceptable yield of 43.8 ± 0.56%, a lactosylation degree of 14.34%, and a significantly higher aqueous solubility (6.28 ± 0.21 g/L) compared to native chitosan (0.25 ± 0.03 g/L). In vitro characterization demonstrated that, F1 had a particle size of 145.46 ± 0.7 nm, an entrapment efficiency of 90.21 ± 0.28%, and a surface charge of + 27.13 ± 0.21 mV. In vitro TLM release from F1 was most consistent with the Higuchi model and demonstrated significantly higher release at pH 5.5. Moreover, a significantly higher ratio of liver to plasma concentration was observed with TLM-LCH NPs compared to plain TLM and unmodified TLM-NPs. The obtained results nominate TLM-LCH NPs as a promising carrier for enhancing liver targeting of TLM in treatment of HCC.

Graphical abstract
Endoscope-Assisted Microvascular Decompression in Hemifacial Spasm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Lehmann Sebastian , Schroeder Henry W.S.
Published: June 2023

INDICATIONS: CORRIDOR AND LIMITS OF EXPOSURE:

This video demonstrates our endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression (MVD) technique in hemifacial spasm. A 2-cm lower retrosigmoid approach is used to reach the facial nerve exit zone. The additional use of endoscopy serves to overcome the microscopes linear axis of view on the compression site.

ANATOMIC ESSENTIALS: NEED FOR PREOPERATIVE PLANNING AND ASSESSMENT:

A neurovascular conflict in the facial nerve exit zone is to be identified on CISS-MRI. A CT scan helps assessing the approach. Acoustic evoked potentials and facial nerve neuromonitoring including lateral spreads are required.
1

ESSENTIAL STEPS OF THE PROCEDURE:

The patient is positioned supine with 45° head rotation to the contralateral side. In addition, the operating table is tilted 30° to facilitate optimal cerebellar retraction by gravity avoiding the need for cerebellar spatula. The dura is incised parallel to the sigmoid sinus. With the operating microscope, the arachnoid is dissected exposing the vestibulocochlear nerve and the lower cranial nerves. The lower cranial nerve group is exposed up to the exit from the brain stem, enabling a subfloccular approach to the facial nerve exit zone. The endoscope is used to inspect the facial nerve and to identify the compressing vessel. Microscopically, the vessel is mobilized and the nerve decompressed by shredded Teflon.
2

PITFALLS/AVOIDANCE OF COMPLICATIONS:

Jugular vein compression by excessive head rotation must be avoided. Teflon placed directly onto the nerve can cause spasms itself. Opened mastoid cells are carefully sealed.

VARIANTS AND INDICATIONS FOR THEIR USE:

Transposition is favored over interposition. Besides shredded Teflon, a Teflon-Bridge or Teflon-Sling can be placed.
3-5

The patient consented to the procedure and to the publication of her image.
The Semisitting Retrosigmoid Technique for Removal of Large Vestibular Schwannoma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Wang Sophie S. , Tatagiba Marcos
Published: June 2023

INDICATIONS: CORRIDOR AND LIMITS OF EXPOSURE:

The retrosigmoid approach in semisitting position (RS-SSP) is a powerful technique for removal of large vestibular schwannomas.
1
It improves extent of tumor resection and nerve preservation. This video shows the case of a 34-year-old man with a large vestibular schwannoma, treated with the RS-SSP technique. The patient consented to the procedure and to publication of his image.

ANATOMIC ESSENTIALS: NEED FOR PREOPERATIVE PLANNING AND ASSESSMENT:

Preoperative MRI and bone window computed tomography are essential for optimal planning. Intraoperative monitoring throughout the surgery includes somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) of limbs, facial MEP and electromyography, and brainstem auditory evoked potention.

ESSENTIALS STEPS OF THE PROCEDURE:

Major steps are (1) positioning of patient in SSP under SSEP recordings,
2,3
(2) ipsilateral retrosigmoid craniotomy, (3) straight dura incision parallel to sigmoid sinus, (4) opening the basal cisterns and gently elevation of cerebellum, (5) identification of Tübingen line on posterior surface of petrous bone, (6) opening and emptying the internal auditory canal (IAC) under nerves preservation, (7) intracisternal tumor debulking, (8) bimanual nerve dissection of cochlear nerve inferiorly and facial nerve medially/ventrally, (9) endoscopic investigation of IAC fundus,
4
(10) plugging the IAC with bone wax and muscle, (11) jugular vein compression before dura closure, and (12) Closure of craniotomy and wound.

PITFALLS/AVOIDANCE OF COMPLICATIONS:

Correct positioning in SSP is crucial to minimize the risk of air embolism.
3

VARIANTS AND INDICATIONS FOR THEIR USE:

Additional resection of suprameatal tubercle allows extension toward the middle fossa and removal of dumbbell-shaped trigeminal schwannomas and petroclival meningiomas.
4
Transmastoid/Infralabyrinthine Approach to the Jugular Foramen: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Ceccato Guilherme H. W. , Foltran Rodrigo S. , Franke Kauê , Dias Matheus P. , Sallé Mikail , Borba Luis A. B.
Published: June 2023

Indications: corridor and limits of exposure:

This approach is intended for tumors centered in the jugular foramen with extensions between intracranial and extracranial spaces, possible spread to the middle ear, and variable bony destruction.
1,2

Anatomic essentials: need for preoperative planning and assessment:

Jugular foramen paragangliomas are complex lesions that usually invade and fill related venous structures. They present complex relationships with skull base neurovascular structures as internal carotid artery, lower cranial nerves (CNs), middle ear, and mastoid segment of facial nerve. In this way, it is essential to perform an adequate preoperative vascular study to evaluate sinus patency and the tumor blood supply, besides a computed tomography scan to depict bone erosion.

Essential steps of the procedure:

Mastoidectomy through an infralabyrinthine route up to open the lateral border of jugular foramen, allowing exposure from the sigmoid sinus to internal jugular vein. Skeletonization of facial canal without exposure of facial nerve is performed and opening of facial recess to give access to the middle ear in way of a fallopian bridge technique.
2-10

Pitfalls/avoidance of complications:

If there is preoperative preservation of lower CN function, it is important to not remove the anteromedial wall of the internal jugular vein and jugular bulb. In addition, facial nerve should be exposed just in case of preoperative facial palsy to decompress or reconstruct the nerve.

Variants and indications for their use:

Variations are related mainly with temporal bone drilling depending on the extensions of the lesion, its source of blood supply, and preoperative preservation of CN function.

Informed consent was obtained from the patient for the procedure and publication of his image.

Anatomy images were used with permission from:

• Ceccato GHW, Candido DNC, and Borba LAB. Infratemporal fossa approach to the jugular foramen. In: Borba LAB and de Oliveira JG. Microsurgical and Endoscopic Approaches to the Skull Base. Thieme Medical Publishers. 2021.

• Ceccato GHW, Candido DNC, de Oliveira JG, and Borba LAB. Microsurgical Anatomy of the Jugular Foramen. In: Borba LAB and de Oliveira JG. Microsurgical and Endoscopic Approaches to the Skull Base. Thieme Medical Publishers. 2021.
Can Boxing Deliver a Knockout Punch against Parkinson's Disease? A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Lowery Brooke , Flewwellin Jennifer , Terrell Sara Lynn
Published: June 2023

Apply It!

• Understand how Parkinson's disease influences motor and nonmotor function.

• Examine how boxing programs can improve functional performance outcomes and quality of life measures in persons with Parkinson's disease.
A Justification for Exercise Intervention during Eating Disorder Treatment
Authors: Hopkins Dawn W. , Quesnel Danika A. , Cooper Marita
Published: June 2023

Apply It!

By reading this article, the health and fitness professional will be able to:

• Discuss the relationship between eating disorders and exercise

• Outline the role of the exercise professional as part of the eating disorder treatment team

• Highlight key interventions for supporting return to exercise for individuals with an eating disorder
Lifestyle Medicine — Reframing the Role of Health and Fitness Professionals
Authors: Sarin Seema , Bantham Amy , Stack Michael E. , Motta Michael
Published: June 2023

Apply It!

• Understanding the core pillars of Lifestyle Medicine (LM)

• Learn how the growth of LM will impact the health and fitness professional (HFP)

• Explore the elements used by the HFP in executing his or her portion of the LM prescription

• Uncover responsibilities and resources required to be a trusted member of the LM practitioner's team
ECG of the month
Authors: Bloe Charles
Published: June 2023

In this issue's ECG of the month, Charles Bloe presents the case of a 68-year-old man who experienced two cardiac arrests en route to the hospital, after waking up with severe chest pain.
Imaging for patients presenting with a painful shoulder
Authors: Damani Arees , Osmani Humza , Patel Jugal , Robinson Philip , Dattani Rupen , Ahmed Naeem
Published: June 2023

Shoulder pain is a common cause of musculoskeletal presentation in primary care, where both traumatic and atraumatic pathologies can also lead to emergency department attendances. This article discusses common acute and chronic presentations of a painful shoulder, looking at the typical history of patients presenting with a painful shoulder, examination findings and the most appropriate imaging modalities to consider. Strengths and weaknesses of each imaging modality are discussed along with their role in aiding diagnosis, as well as management of the various pathologies encountered in primary and secondary care.
Extending Lifetime of Tiny Relays
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: June 2023

Graphite coating protects against wear
Cutting the Cost of New Wind Farms
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: June 2023

New pile-driving technique will reduce outlay and underwater noise
New Advance to Prevent Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: June 2023

Leeds team develops in-shoe sensors to measure pressures on feet
Let's be Bolder in Delivering Change
Authors: Chapman Jonathan
Published: June 2023

The UK is missing an historic opportunity to decarbonise its energy sector – but a whole system approach holds the answers
Leaders in the Field
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: June 2023

Precision agriculture, using drones and GPS, can push up yields for farmers.
Abundance and phenotypic-genotypic analysis of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater of the Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: ANELIA NOVEKHANA , SUHARTONO SUHARTONO , HAYATI ZINATUL
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Anelia N, Suhartono S, Hayati Z. 2023. Abundance and phenotypic-genotypic analysis of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater of the Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2294-2301. Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics can initiate the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is believed to be a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Escherichia coli. This study aimed to perform the enumeration, isolation, characterization, and evaluation of resistance properties and antibiotic resistance-coding genes encoded by a plasmid of E. coli isolates from WWTP of the dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital (RSUDZA). The study was conducted through several stages, including the isolation and quantification of E. coli, antibiotic resistance testing, confirmation testing of ESBL-E. coli isolates, isolation of plasmid DNA, and amplification of TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes. The results showed that the wastewater in the sum pit tank, aeration tank, and final tank of the WWTP contained E. coli at 7.5x104 CFU/mL, 3x102 CFU/mL, and 1x102 CFU/mL, respectively. A total of 22 isolates were obtained, with ten isolates from the sum pit tank, seven from the aeration tank, and five from the final tank. Escherichia coli isolates had resistance to eight types of antibiotics in the aeration tank and seven types in the final tank, compared to the sum pit tank of the WWTP. Therefore, 59% of the isolates were classified as Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) and 32% as Extended Spectrum ?-Lactamase E. coli (ESBL-EC). TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes were detected in all locations at 63.6%, 22.7%, and 95.5%, respectively. In addition, CTX-M was the most common gene found in wastewater isolates at RSUDZA WWTP. The hospital wastewater treatment process must be improved to reduce the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential of three sea cucumber species from Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: EREGUERO MARY GRACE , GELANI CHONA , DALAYAP RODELYN , CORDERO MARY ANNE , TABUGO SHARON ROSE
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Ereguero MG, Gelani C, Dalayap R, Cordero MA, Tabugo SR. 2023. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential of three sea cucumber species from Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas 24: 2527-2535. The marine environment is a rich source of potential antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. This study investigated three sea cucumber species' antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity from Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. The methanol: ethyl acetate crude extracts of Holothuria scabra, Stichopus sp., and Holothuria atra were tested for their antibacterial activity against gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) bacteria using modified microtiter plate method. Results revealed that sea cucumber extracts have MIC values of 0.0008-0.0944 mg/mL. One-way ANOVA results revealed a p value <0.05, and Tukey’s pairwise result confirmed that the antibacterial activity of H. scabra extract is not comparable with Ciprofloxacin (p value <0.05). However, Stichopus sp., and H. atra (1) and H. atra (2) revealed a comparable antibacterial activity with Ciprofloxacin (p value >0.05). The crude extracts were also evaluated for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using the albumin denaturation method. The results showed a percentage inhibition within the range from 44.50-49.69%, 44.74-51.44%, 31.82-49.48%, and 49.16-52.15% inhibition at 200-, 100-, 50-, and 25 ppm, respectively. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s pairwise result revealed that the sea cucumber extracts showed a comparable percent inhibition with the positive controls, Celecoxib and Diclofenac sodium, at 200 ppm. This study revealed sea cucumber crude extracts as a potential antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent.
Bamboo diversity in Weh Island, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: RITONGA MUHAMMAD AZLI , SYAMSUARDI SYAMSUARDI , NURAINAS NURAINAS , DAMAYANTO I PUTU GEDE P.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Ritonga MA, Syamsuardi, Nurainas, Damayanto IPGP. 2023. Bamboo diversity in Weh Island, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2563-2576. Bamboo is an important plant resource in Indonesia, whose inventories were mostly conducted on the main islands. In contrast, the inventory for small islands, such as Weh Island in Northern Sumatra, has never been done. Weh Island, however, is an atoll island that has been raised above sea level and is suspected to have a unique diversity of flora, especially bamboo. This study aimed to understand the diversity of bamboo on Weh Island. Fieldwork was conducted in August-September 2022 in Weh Island, Aceh, Indonesia. Bamboo specimens were collected by collecting flora diversity method and deposited in Herbarium Andalas and Herbarium Bogoriense. Morphological characteristics were observed to identify and arrange species descriptions and as a determination key. The spatial distribution of bamboo was analyzed using QGIS software and overlaid with a land cover and altitude map. We also performed a similarities analysis using morphological characteristic. There are eight species of bamboo on Weh Island: Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. ex Schult.f., Bambusa spinosa Roxb., Bambusa tuldoides Munro,Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl., Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.f.) Backer, Schizostachyum brachycladum (Kurz ex Munro) Kurz, Schizostachyum silicatum Widjaja, and Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble. B. vulgarisis most abundant and widespread on Weh Island; meanwhile, B. multiplexand B. tuldoidesare the least common. The presence of S. silicatum on Weh Island and Bangka Island was additional information on the expansion of these species distributions outside the mainland of Sumatra. Bamboos on Weh Island were found around settlements, plantations, and forests at 1 to 212 m asl. Bamboo species on Weh Island can be clustered into four groups based on their morphological characteristics.
Phenotypic variability evaluation and genetic variation in F2 intraspecific hybrids of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using retrotransposon-based markers
Authors: SETIAWAN AGUS BUDI , ZAHIDAH QONITA AULIA , KALTSUM DIAS NABILA , PURWANTORO AZIZ
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Setiawan AB, Zahidah QA, Kaltsum DN, Purwantoro A. 2023. Phenotypic variability evaluation and genetic variation in F2 intraspecific hybrids of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using retrotransposon-based markers. Biodiversitas 24: 2596-2604. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has a narrow genetic base compared to other Cucumis species. The genetic base of the cucumber can be improved by crossing two distantly related cultivars from different geographical locations. This study aimed to evaluate phenotypic variability and investigate genetic variation of F2 cucumber population using two retrotransposon-based markers, namely Inter Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP)andInter-SINE Amplified Polymorphism(ISAP). Two parental lines and the selected 59 genotypes from F2 population were subjected to PCR analysis for DNA profiling. The phenotypic variation of F2 genotypes revealed significant diversity in fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit radian, pedicel length, fruit length, and fruit ratio (length-diameter). The genetic variation of the F2 hybrids was successfully detected and discriminated by IRAP and ISAP markers. Both IRAP and ISAP markers showed high heterozygosity ranged from 0.4021 to 0.4997, with an average of 0.4649 and moderate polymorphic information content ranged from 0.3489 to 0.3929 with an average of 0.3648. Cluster analysis showed that the F2 population and parental lines were grouped into two major clusters with a similarity coefficient ranged from 0.67 to 0.96. These findings imply that the F2 population is highly segregated and can be utilized to create new cultivars of cucumber.
Toward healthy urban streets: Diversity of roadside tree species in industrial area of Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: RUZIMAN HASYA HANNANI , ISMAIL ASMIDA , MOHTI AZIAN , RADZUN KHAIRUL ADZFA , PARDI FAEZAH
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Ruziman HH, Ismail A, Mohti A, Radzun KA, Pardi F. 2023. Toward healthy urban streets: Diversity of roadside tree species in industrial area of Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 2674-2681. Shah Alam, one of the biggest cities in Selangor has undergone a significant transformation with numerous developments to cater the needs of the ever-growing population. However, the rapid urbanization and massive infrastructure developments have indirect effects on landscape patterns and roadside tree diversity. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the species richness and diversity of roadside trees in Shah Alam, Selangor. All trees with height of 1 meter and above in Section 15 and 16 were measured and identified as referred to the Landscape Department of Shah Alam City Council (MBSA) computerized database. The data were analyzed for their taxonomic composition and species diversity. A total of 5,523 trees were recorded where 4,087 trees occurred in Section 15 and 1,426 trees in Section 16. Fabaceae was the most dominant family in both sections in which three leading species, i.e. Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex K.Heyne, Pterocarpus indicus Willd. and Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F.Cook, accounted for 14.7% of the planted trees. Section 15 was relatively higher in taxonomic composition with 11 families and 25 species than Section 16, with 8 families and 18 species. The values for species diversity index were considered high in both sections with 8.37 despite the environmental impact from the industrial activities. Thus, it is suggested that future research should include the potential risks of biodiversity loss for proper management practices in urban settings.
Sensory evaluation and antibacterial activity of bee pollen extracts isolated from several stingless bees in two drying methods
Authors: NAIBAHO NETTY MARIA , SALUSU HERIAD DAUD , RUDITO RUDITO , SARAGIH BERNATAL , KUSUMA IRAWAN WIJAYA , FATRIASARI WIDYA , ARUNG ENOS TANGKE
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Naibaho NM, Salusu HD, Rudito, Saragih B, Kusuma IW, Fatriasari W, Arung ET. 2023. Sensory evaluation and antibacterial activity of bee pollen extracts isolated from several stingless bees in two drying methods. Biodiversitas 24: 2682-2688. This study aims to determine six stingless bee pollen extracts' sensory characteristics and antibacterial activity. The samples were dried using a chiller method at 4°C (14-22 days) and a 40°C oven (8-10 days). The sensory qualities of color, scent, taste, texture, and the antibacterial activity of six stingless bees were assessed while the bee pollen was drying. It was revealed for the first time that six bee pollen products from East Kalimantan had characteristics that were very close to what consumers preferred. The findings demonstrated that, compared to a 40°C oven, the 4°C chiller approach offered superior sensory value and antibacterial activity. Bee pollen Tetragonula reepeni (Friese, 1918) received the highest sensory score using the 4°C chiller method, scoring 4.81 (very like) for color and 3.71 (like) for taste. Bee pollen Tetragonula fuscobalteata (Cameron, 1908) received a score of 3.47 (like) for aroma, while the highest texture value was obtained by bee pollen Heterotrigona itama (Cockerell, 1918), scoring 4.19 (like very much). Bee pollen H. itama had the greatest sensory scores when using the 40°C oven method, scoring 3.58 (like), 3.22 (like), and 3.54 (like) for color, scent, and taste, and 3.69 (like) for texture. The antibacterial activity of the bee pollen extracts T. reepeni and Tetragonula iridipennis  (Smith, 1854) achieved higher inhibition zone values when using the 4°C chiller method and 40°C oven method, with values ??of 15 mm, 16.00 mm, 14.33 mm, and 13.26 mm, respectively, for the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes NN657. The lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for antibacterial activity was 125 µL/mL for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25932, Staphylococcus epidermis NN349, Propionibacterium acnes NN357 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8742 of 250 µL/mL. Comparing the organoleptic characteristics of bee pollen, the chiller method at 4°C for 14 days retained quality attributes better than the bee pollen oven-drying method at 40°C.
Evaluating the sustainability of forest utilization in the protected areas of Mandalagiri Forest, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: MUTAQIN FAIZAL , NURROCHMAT DODIK RIDHO , SUPRIYANTO BAMBANG
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Mutaqin F, Nurrochmat DR, Supriyanto B. 2023. Evaluating the sustainability of forest utilization in the protected areas of Mandalagiri Forest, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2745-2755. Forests have tangible and intangible benefits, which can be included accordingly in vital sectors for development. Currently, forest management mainly focuses on timber extraction while paying less attention to Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) and environmental services. It causes timber production to decrease yearly and a decline in the forestry sector's contribution to the state's income. The Forest area covers more than 60% of the Indonesian land surface, but the sector's contribution to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2022 was only 0.6%. It implies that there is a need for more efforts to increase the productivity of the forestry sector and its contribution to the national economy. One of the institutions that have the potential to optimize the utilization of forest areas is the Mandalagiri Forest Management Resort, West Java, Indonesia. Cultivated commodities come from NTFPs (pine gum and coffee) as the primary commodities. This area's management applies a social forestry system by cooperating with the community. These ongoing activities have not been able to significantly contribute to the regional stakeholders (government) or the community. Therefore, this study aimed to create an efficient concept of optimal forest utilization in running a business and managing social problems and describes the results of identifying enabling factors to encourage the application of multi-business forestry in protected areas. The feasibility of sustainable forest utilization was measured through an analysis of social acceptance, financial analysis (Net Present Value, Benefit-Cost Ratio, and Internal Rate of Return), and an analysis of the ecological feasibility of the model that has been built. The research ended with identifying enabling factors from a policy, social and environmental perspective. This study concluded that forestry multi-business could be carried out in this location because it can potentially restore biophysical conditions and support forest and land rehabilitation efforts. In addition, various selected plant species can contribute to strengthening the soil, reducing the rate of surface water run-off, and enriching the crop. Financially, the forest multi-businesses are feasible to apply with NPV>0, BCR>1, and IRR>I. Ecologically, these schemes can reinforce biophysical conditions.
Antioxidant activity and characterization of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) tuber yogurt
Authors: YUNINGTYAS SITARESMI , ROSWIEM ANNA PRIANGANI , AZAHRA DINA , ALFARABI MUHAMMAD
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Yuningtyas S, Roswiem AP, Azahra D, Alfarabi M. 2023. Antioxidant activity and characterization of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) tuber yogurt. Biodiversitas 24: 2850-2854. The main benefit of yogurt is its ability to improve the digestive health tract by enhancing the condition of the intestinal flora and its environment. Nowadays, adding natural ingredients to yogurt is a widely practiced trend towards further increasing its efficacy as a healthy drink. Arrowroot tuber (Maranta arundinacea L.) is a food source with many health benefits and is not yet widely used in Indonesia. Fermentation can increase the health value of a food product compared to existing products. Therefore, the novelty and objective of this study are to produce and characterize arrowroot tuber yogurt using two species of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. These LAB species are used for yogurt starter and arrowroot tuber as a substrate in the fermentation process. The fermentation process was carried out using a combination of L. plantarum and L. casei (1:1 % (v / v)), L. plantarum 2% (v / v), and L. casei 2% (v / v). The characterization involved determining the pH value, total lactic acid level, total lactic acid bacteria level, and the antioxidant activity of the yogurt, which was assessed using the free radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrilhydrazyl (DPPH). The result showed that all arrowroot tuber yogurts have antioxidant activity, with the ability to inhibit DPPH by 59.30-86.62%. The arrowroot tuber yogurt had a pH level of 4.29-4.81, total lactic acid of 0.87-0.95%, and total lactic acid bacteria of 7.5×107-7.6×109 CFU/mL, all of which complied with the characteristics of the probiotic drink standard set by the Indonesian National Standard 2981:2009. These findings suggest that arrowroot tuber yogurt has the potential to be developed into a healthy drink.
Rapid diversity assessment of litter myxomycete assemblages in the upland and coastal terrains of San Fernando City, La Union, Philippines
Authors: BALAORO-BANZUELA RAMON CARLO , OCENAR-BAUTISTA CHRISTIAN ELMARC , BUEBOS-ESTEVE DON ENRICO , CLAUDIO-PARAGAS CELINE YSSABELL , LIMBO-DIZON JAMES EDUARD , DAGAMAC NIKKI HEHERSON A.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Balaoro-Banzuela RC, Ocenar-Bautista CE, Buebos-Esteve DE, Claudio-Paragas CY, Limbo-Dizon JE, Dagamac NHA. 2023. Rapid diversity assessment of litter myxomycete assemblages in the upland and coastal terrains of San Fernando City, La Union, Philippines. Biodiversitas 24: 2877-2886. Over the past few years, increasing studies have been on diversity assessments of myxomycetes in the Philippines. Despite these, their utility as bioindicators to evaluate approaches for sustainable ecosystem management remains largely unexplored. Following the ridge-to-reef (R2R) approach, a comparative diversity assessment was conducted between the upland and coastal terrains of San Fernando City, La Union, Philippines. Aerial and ground litter were haphazardly collected and cultivated at ambient conditions using the moist chamber (MC) technique. MCs were highly productive, exhaustively yielding a total of 27 distinct species belonging to 10 different genera. Regarding abundance, 15 species were rare, and four were occasional, common, and abundant. Both species richness and occurrence of rare taxa were higher in the upland terrain than in the coastal terrain. However, several ?-diversity indices hinted at no significant difference in species diversity between terrains and substrates. At the community level, clustering analyses and other ?-diversity indices revealed that myxomycete assemblages were more similar in terrain than the substrate. This study implicates using myxomycetes as proxy biological models to reflect the ecological influences of plant heterogeneity and human-mediated disturbance. This allows its integration into local policymaking with adherence to R2R management.
Floristic richness and diversity of Bintuni mangrove, Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: KASIHIW PETRUS , BAWOLE RONI , MARWA JONNI , MURDJOKO AGUSTINUS , WIHYAWARI ALEXANDER , HEIPON YUNO , CABUY REINARDUS LIBORIUS , BENU NITHANEL MIKAEL HENDRIK , HEMATANG FRANCINE
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Kasihiw P, Bawole R, Marwa J, Murdjoko A, Wihyawari A, Heipon Y, Cabuy RL, Benu NMH, Hematang F. 2023. Floristic richness and diversity of Bintuni mangrove, Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2887-2897. Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in the functions of coastal protection, fish and other living-organism habitats, carbon storage, and the livelihood of local people. Yet, mangrove forests generally face ecological threats like anthropogenic pressures. However, fewer studies were carried out in this area, so this research aimed to reveal the vegetation diversity and richness in Bintuni, not only the true mangroves but also the mangroves associates with three different conditions, namely sandy areas called protection forests, disturbed forests called production forests, and delta called nature reserve. The results showed that species vegetation in the Bintuni Mangrove could be differentiated as true mangroves (29.82%) and mangrove associates (70.18%) of the total species richness of mangrove vegetation where in terms of taxonomic composition, the three forests encompassed 25 families, 47 genera, and 57 species clustered into 9 lifeforms. Then, the vegetation diversity and richness were highest in the nature reserve, and 34 (59.65% of total species number) species of vegetation in common share in three forest types. Consequently, frequent checking of vegetation richness is important since the Bintuni mangrove does not seem to have a significant threat like massive conversion of mangrove.
Genetic diversity of the genus Citrus in Tomini Bay coastal areas, Indonesia based on morphological characters
Authors: KANDOWANGKO NOVRI YOULA , FEBRIYANTI FEBRIYANTI
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Kandowangko NY, Febriyanti. 2023. Genetic diversity of the genus Citrus in Tomini Bay coastal areas, Indonesia based on morphological characters. BIodiversitas 24: 2938-2952. Citrus plants are one of the fruit plants that are widely consumed by the community, both for food, health, and customs. The existence of Citrus plants in the coastal area of Tomini Bay only grows wild and has not been cultivated intensively. Lack of information on the diversity of citrus and the use of Citrus plants that are not balanced with cultivation actions will threaten the existence of these Citrus plants. This research aims to provide information about the morphological characteristics of the genus Citrus in the coastal area of Tomini Bay. The plant materials used were 39 accessions consisting of 7 species. Descriptive methods and diversity index calculations as well as analysis of phenetic consanguinity data were applied in this study. The results showed that all Citrus accessions have morphological diversity ranging from stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds that are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The diversity index (H’) was equal to 0.8103 which was categorized as low. The 39 Citrus accessions were divided into two main clusters with a similarity index of 64.3%. The findings of this study are expected to be useful in Citrus breeding and conservation programs in the future.
Comparison of productivity from three stingless bees: Tetragonula sapiens, T. clypearis and T. biroi managed under same feed sources for meliponiculture
Authors: ERWAN ERWAN , HABIBURROHMAN HABIBURROHMAN , WIRYAWAN I KETUT GEDE , MUHSININ MUHAMMAD , SUPENO BAMBANG , AGUSSALIM AGUSSALIM
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Erwan, Habiburrohman, Wiryawan IKG, Muhsinin M, Supeno B, Agussalim. 2023. Comparison of productivity from three stingless bees: Tetragonula sapiens, T. clypearis and T. biroi managed under same feed sources for meliponiculture. Biodiversitas 24: 2988-2994. The productivity of stingless bee species is affected by the workers' population, especially the foragers' number, queen bee productivity, and the availability of plants as the nectar and pollen sources. The recent study aims to evaluate the productivity of three stingless bee species, Tetragonula sapiens (Cockerell, 1911), Tetragonula clypearis (Friese, 1908), and Tetragonula biroi (Friese, 1898), managed under the same feed sources for beekeeping in stingless bee (meliponiculture). Total of fifteen colonies and every five colonies per species of T. sapiens, T. clypearis, and T. biroi, respectively. The results showed that the different species of stingless bees highly affected the exit activities in the morning and afternoon and brood cell number (p<0.01). Furthermore, significant impacts on the honey pot number, production of honey and propolis (p<0.05) but not on the pollen pot number and the production of pot-pollen. Thus, productivity was characterized by honey pot number, brood cell number, and production of honey and propolis from the stingless bee of T. biroi was higher than T. sapiens and T. clypearis. However, the productivity of T. sapiens and T. clypearis was similar.
Interspecific hybridization of Dendrobium mirbelianum x D. nindii or D. discolor, in vitro seed germination, seedling growth and plantlet acclimatization
Authors: MAULIDA DESI , YUSNITA YUSNITA , HAPSORO DWI , AGUSTIANSYAH AGUSTIANSYAH , KARYANTO AGUS
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Maulida D, Yusnita Y, Hapsoro D, Agustiansyah A, Karyanto A. 2023. Interspecific hybridization of Dendrobium mirbelianum x D. nindii or D. discolor, in vitro seed germination, seedling growth and plantlet acclimatization. Biodiversitas 24: 3004-3011. Dendrobium mirbelianum Gaudich. (P1), D. nindii W.Hill (P2), and D. discolor Lindl. (P3) as a parent crossing are potentially resulting a new type of orchid as the novel breeding achievement. This study aimed to identify orchid crossing compatibility and evaluate the most effective and efficient media for hybrid seed germination and growth. The study consisted of three experiments, namely interspecific hybridization (experiment 1), in vitro hybrid seed germination (experiment 2), and in vitro growth of the hybrid seedlings (experiment 3). The first experiment was conducted by a simple modified line×tester mating design, and all experiments used a completely randomized design, with five replications in the first experiment and three replications in the second and third experiments. The first experiment presented all of the crossing emerging seed pods, but only hybrid seeds from cross D. mirbelianum x D. nindii and its reciprocal cross that potent to germinate in all tested media as the second experiment result. The third experiment showed FF+tryptone was the best media indicated by the highest and heaviest seedling after 8 months after sowing. All of the crossings resulted seed pods, however, only D. mirbelianum x D. nindii and its reciprocal cross that able to germinate in all tested media. Foliar fertilizer is the most recommended media for germinating hybrid orchid seeds, and FF+tryptone is the best for seedling growth.
Satellite based analysis of mangrove cover and density change in mangroves of Tulang Bawang District, Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: KASKOYO HARI , HARTATI FERLI , BAKRI SAMSUL , FEBRYANO INDRA GUMAY , DEWI BAINAH SARI , NURCAHYANI NUNING
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Kaskoyo H, Hartati F, Bakri S, Febryano IG, Dewi BS, Nurcahyani N. 2023. Satellite based analysis of mangrove cover and density change in mangroves of Tulang Bawang District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3019-3028. Being a threatened ecosystem of the world, mangroves require regular monitoring to identify areas that need improvement in conservation measures. Considering this, the present study aimed to assess the mangrove cover and density change in mangrove forest of Tulang Bawang District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Data was collected by remote sensing techniques using satellite imagery viz., Landsat 5 in 2000 and 2010 and Landsat 8 in 2020. It was then analyzed using remote sensing method, namely Object-Based Image Analysis techniques using the unguided classification method to obtain mangrove cover data; while mangrove density information was obtained using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index algorithm. The results revealed the decrease in mangrove cover and density between 2000 and 2020. The mangrove cover decreased from 7529 ha in 2000 to 5551 ha in 2020. Furthermore, density of mangrove forest has also witnessed change from dense density class in 2000 to medium density class in 2020. From this result, it is evident that mangroves of East Rawajitu Sub-district are degrading and require focused efforts to prevent the degradation. Communities, entrepreneurs, and governments have different motives for utilizing mangrove forests that result in damage, so reasonable efforts are needed to manage mangrove forests sustainably.
Hunting introduced species in Indonesia New Guinea
Authors: PATTISELANNO FREDDY , TOKEDE MAX J. , AROBAYA AGUSTINA Y. S. , MARDIATMOKO GUN , PATTISELANNO AUGUST E.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Pattiselanno F, Tokede MJ, Arobaya AYS, Mardiatmoko G, Pattiselanno AE. 2023. Hunting introduced species in Indonesia New Guinea. Biodiversitas 24: 3045-3050. Hunting in tropical forests is mostly performed to obtain animal protein sources, generate income, and enact cultural activities. However, it is acknowledged that hunting was conducted indiscriminately, killing both native and introduced species. This study aimed to describe hunting activities along the lowland coastal forests in Tambrauw Districts. Fieldwork was carried out between June 2011 and December 2012 in eleven villages across the Abun and Amberbaken sub districts of Tambrauw Districts, Papua Barat Province of Indonesia. Information about hunting was gathered through interviews with 220 hunters (focus respondents; 20 hunters in each village). Therefore, to gain an overall picture of hunting in the sampled villages, we distributed 100 questionnaires, not including those focal respondents, and 800 were returned from 11 villages. This study revealed hunting for trading (49%) compared to consumption (44%) and the rest (7%) hunting for others (festive, pest, and trophy). The hunting is classified as very frequent (2-3 days per week) by 10%, frequent (weekly and fortnightly) by 41%, and rarely (monthly) by 49% of hunters. Active techniques used were bows and arrows, spears and blades were primarily used by 38%, and hunting with dogs was 29% by inhabitants in the studied villages. On the other hand, passive hunting using snares and guns were used by 28% and 5% of hunters, respectively. Hunters reported nine main prey species had been hunted, and the prey consisted of six mammal and three bird species. Two of the nine species were introduced species, i.e., rusa deer and wild pig; they provided the largest amount of meat and fat and were economically profitable. Other native species were also hunted, although not much as introduced ones. The average catch per hunting trip was 2 individuals (2.42 ± SD 1.93). In this study, hunting introduced species is important because it is more profitable while protecting the native species or those of conservation concern.
Genetic variation of giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii wild population of South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: WAHIDAH WAHIDAH , OMAR SHARIFUDDIN B. ANDY , TRIJUNO DODY D. , NUGROHO ESTU , AMRULLAH AMRULLAH , KHATIMAH KHUSNUL
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Wahidah, Omar SBA, Trijuno DD, Nugroho E, Amrullah, Khatimah K. 2023. Genetic variation of giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii wild population of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3081-3090. Quality giant freshwater prawn broodstock can be provided using broodstock sources from wild populations with good morphological and genetic performance. This study aimed to analyze the genotypes of the wild population of giant freshwater prawns in South Sulawesi, hence it can be used as basic information for quality broodstock. Evaluation of giant prawn haplotypes, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, from 3 rivers in South Sulawesi: 26 samples from the Waelawi River (11 males, 15 females); 25 samples from the Kalibone River (10 males, 15 females); and 26 samples from the Kariango River (12 males, 14 females), so there are 6 population groups. Analysis used mt-DNA and obtained an amplification of 700 bp. The amplified restriction uses four enzymes (Hae III, Mbo I, Rsa I, and Taq I). The identified male and female Kariango populations each had 3 haplotypes: female Kalibone had 2 haplotypes; male and female Waelawi had 1 haplotype; and male Kalibone had 1 haplotype. Female Kariango had the highest haplotype diversity (0.3651), followed by male Kariango (0.1449) and female Kalibone (0.1011). Kariango females have the farthest genetic distance from Kalibone males, Waelawi males, and Waelawi females. The male Waelawi, female Waelawi, and male Kalibone are in one cluster and form a new cluster with the male Kariango, then with the female Kalibone, and the last cluster is formed with the female Kariango. The Kariango female population can be used as potential broodstock, which can be mated with Kalibone males, Waelawi males, or other populations.
Body, visual arts and healing: a study of the effectiveness of facilitative visual arts interventions with women survivors of intimate partner violence in Kerala
Authors: Cherian Reena Merin , N.Y. Anna Reshmy
Published: June 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) in a micro-space invites the attention of development practitioners to intervene at the micro-, meso- and macro-level, especially in the case of marginalised women. Here, visual arts therapy is a culturally located instrument used to impact and mobilise individuals in order to construct resilience and deconstruct stress. The article analyses such an intervention and the resultant change in 204 women violated by intimate partner violence. It uses mixed research methods, employing structured interviewing using Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and focus group discussions. The findings reveal reduced and milder levels of anxiety, stress and depression among the women after participating in the interventions, with emergent themes including ‘fear’, ‘beatings’, ‘motivation’, ‘recovery’ and ‘healing’, and ‘mutual aid’. The implications affirm women-centred social work practice.
Gandhi, Foucault, and the Politics of Self-Care
Authors: Godrej Farah
Published: June 2023

This essay engages Gandhi’s thought in two staged conversations. The first brings his writings on dietary self-cultivation into conversation with contemporary discourses of food politics. The second brings his preoccupation with self-care into conversation with Foucault’s later work on practices of the self. Gandhi and Foucault’s respective conceptualizations of self-care might productively supplement one another while responding to the peculiar pathologies of neoliberalism. Foucault’s “practices of the self” contain friendly amendments that allow us to understand Gandhi’s yogic self-control as a response to power relations; while Gandhi’s call to political action ensures that work on the self is not overly-individualized or apolitical.