bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Risk–Reward Structures in Decision Making under Uncertainty
Authors: Leuker Christina , Pachur Thorsten , Hertwig Ralph , Pleskac Timothy Joseph
Published: July 2018

People often have to make decisions under uncertainty – that is, in situations where the probabilities of obtaining a reward are unknown or at least difficult to ascertain. Because outside the laboratory payoffs and probabilities are often correlated, one solution to this problem might be to infer the probability from the magnitude of the potential reward. Here, we investigated how the mind may implement such a solution: (1) Do people learn about risk–reward relationships from the environment — and if so, how? (2) How do learned risk–reward relationships impact preferences in decision–making under uncertainty? Across three studies (N = 352), we found that participants learned risk–reward relationships after being exposed to choice environments with a negative, positive, or uncorrelated risk–reward relationship. They learned the associations both from gambles with explicitly stated payoffs and probabilities (Experiments 1 & 2) and from gambles about epistemic events (Experiment 3). In subsequent decisions under uncertainty, participants exploited the learned association by inferring probabilities from the magnitudes of the payoffs. This inference systematically influenced their preferences under uncertainty: Participants who learned a negative risk–reward relationship preferred the uncertain option over a smaller sure option for low payoffs, but not for high payoffs. This pattern reversed in the positive condition and disappeared in the uncorrelated condition. This adaptive change in preferences is consistent with the use of the risk–reward heuristic.
ACCOUNTABILITY AND OVERSIGHT IN THE STRUCTURE STATE SYSTEM IN INDONESIA
Authors: Husen La Ode
Published: July 2018

The Implentation function of control of Parliament and Financial Audit Board in assessing Governmental aaccontability according to Indonesian constitutional system not yet used standard measuring rod so that still often happened to differ opinion between Parliament with Financual Audit Baord, and also Internal Audit Institution is including enforcer government officer punish to act findings result of inspection of Financial Audit Board. Follow-Up result of inspection of Financial Audit Board by Parliament to about state's finance accountability disagree with body politic grounds namely rule of law and is same treatment ground in front of law, because Parliament only acting finding cases of Finacial Audit Board which have direct importance to Parliament. Belinfante, A.D. en J.L. de Reede 1983. Beginselen van Nederlands Staatsrecht, Samson Uitgeverij Alphen aan den Rijn, Amsterdam, Buck, A.E., Public Budgeting, New York, 1929, Dawn Oliver & Gavin Drewry, ‘Ministerial accountability: What and where are the parameters?‘, in D. Butler, V. Bogdanor, R. Summers (Eds.), The Law, Politics and the Constitution (pp. 78-101). Oxford: Oxford University Press , 1999 Dicey, A.V, An Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, ‘Introduction’, by E.C.S.Wade, London, 1973, Joko Widodo, Good Governance, Insan Cendekia, Surabaya, 2001 Strong, C.F. Modern Political Constitution, An Introduction to the Comparative Study of their History and Existing Forms, Edited with a New Introduction by M.G. Clarke, Sidg¬wick & Jackson, London, 1972. Robert D. Lee, & Johnson, Ronald W, Public Budgeting System, Cet. Ke 2 Tokyo, 1997
Pinteni Dacici din Epoca Regatului
Authors: Dima Cristian
Published: July 2018

SPURS BELONGING TO THE DACIAN KINGDOM PERIOD AbstractThe spurs are harness pieces that belong to the equipment of a knight. Made from metal, they are attached to the heels of the bearer, and play an important role in transmitting some of the commands to the horse, though prick fixed to their ends. The spurs from Pre-Roman Dacia were discovered in a funerary context, but at the same time they have been found in civil and fortified settlements (see the map in Pl. II). They have been dated to a very wide period of time, from the middle of the second century B.C. to the end of the first century A.D. An aspect that the archaeological researchers observed is that the spurs from Dacia have many analogies with Celtic spurs. In this study I have attempted to discuss aspects of terminology as well as attempting to create a typological classification of the spurs from Pre-Roman Dacia because these tasks have never been carried out in our scientific literature. We must observe the fact that in combination with Tracian harness pieces, the use of horses in an attach campaign was very efficient, the animal having been trained for this purpose probably responded instantaneously to the commands given by the rider.
UPAYA KEDAI BAJIGUR DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN
Authors: Melanaise Anisa Picata , Pangesti Elda
Published: July 2018

Bajigur is one of the traditional beverage from West Java. Beverages made from spices such as ginger and with a mixture of coconut milk, palm sugar, coffee, salt, and pandan leaves. Kedai Bajigur Mbak Ika is one of the entrepreneurs who sell traditional Bajigur beverage. In maintaining customer satisfaction, Kedai Bajigur Mbak Ika provides various efforts in improving the quality of its products. This study aims to determine what efforts are given Kedai Bajigur Mbak Ika in creating customer satisfaction. Penenlitian method used is qualitative descriptive method by collecting data through documentation and interview. The interview was conducted at Kedai Bajigur Mbak Ika with the owner of the shop, Mbak Ika along with two buyers. The results of this study indicate that Kedai Bajigur Mbak Ika undertakes such efforts as asking customers' opinions about their products, while maintaining the quality of Bajigur without reducing the basic ingredients, and if the ingredients rise in the market of Kedai Bajigur Mbak Ika will raise the price without reducing the portion. These efforts make Kedai Bajigur Mbak Ika customers remain loyal.
On the Identical Simulation of the Entire Universe
Authors: Kavak Mesut
Published: July 2018

A time ago, I published an article about deceleration of the universe. It was especially based on uncertainty, and it explains how does matter work. In this work, it was performed some analysis of the some specific subjects as an approach such as deceleration, uncertainty, possible particle formation, black hole, gravitation, energy, mass and light speed as the elements for identical simulation computations of the entire universe as the most sensitive as possible being related that article. There are some information about escaping from black holes, event horizon lengths, viscosity of free space, re-derivation of Planck constants and infrastructure of some basic laws of existence mathematically as matter is directly dependent of geometric rules. Also, some elements were given for the readers to solve some required constants as the most sensitive manner. As the constants are not enough in the name of engineering, also finally I found a working algorithm out which reduces process number of the power series to process number of the quadratic equations like calculating a root of an integer as an irrational number by solving equation; so also it can be used to calculate trigonometric values in the best manner for simulations of the entire universe besides physical constants as irrational values.
Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Membentuk Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial di Daerah
Authors: Hsb Ali Marwan
Published: July 2018

Berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 007/PUU-III/2005 tentang Pengujian atas Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional disebutkan bahwa ketentuan Pasal 5 ayat (2), (3) dan (4) Undang-Undang tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional menutup peluang daerah untuk membentuk badan penyelenggara jaminan sosial di daerah karenanya bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 sepanjang ditafsirkan sebagai pembentukan badan penyelenggara jaminan sosial tingkat nasional. Sehingga daerah diberikan kewenangan untuk membentuk badan penyelenggara jaminan sosial di daerah dengan peraturan daerah
O papel da demografia e da educação no rendimento médio de longo prazo dos homens no Brasil
Authors: Rios-Neto Eduardo L G , Amaral Ernesto F. L. , Potter Joseph E
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste estudo é de projetar o rendimento médio da população masculina brasileira no longo prazo, levando em consideração o atual processo de envelhecimento e o aumento da escolaridade no país. Utilizando dados censitários, pesquisas por amostra de domicílios e projeções populacionais e educacionais, estimativas até 2050 indicam que envelhecimento da população e aumento da escolaridade apresentam um impacto no crescimento anual do rendimento médio brasileiro em 2%. O grande desafio futuro é aumentar a proporção da população brasileira com nível superior completo.
Style of pictorial representation is shaped by intergroup contact
Authors: Granito Carmen , Tehrani Jamshid J. , Kendal Jeremy , Scott-Phillips Thom
Published: July 2018

Pictorial representation is a key human behaviour. Cultures around the world have made images to convey information about living kinds, objects and ideas for at least 75,000 years, in forms as diverse as cave paintings, religious icons and emojis. However, styles of pictorial representation vary greatly between cultures and historical periods. In particular, they can differ in figurativeness, i.e. varying from detailed depictions of subjects to stylised abstract forms. Here we show that pictorial styles can be shaped by intergroup contact. We use data from experimental micro-societies to show that drawings produced by groups in contact tended to become more figurative and transparent to outsiders, whereas in isolated groups drawings tended to become abstract and opaque. These results indicate that intergroup contact is likely to be an important factor in the cultural evolution of pictorial representation, because the need to communicate with outsiders ensures that some figurativeness is retained over time. We discuss the implications of this finding for understanding the history and anthropology of art, and the parallels with sociolinguistics and language evolution.
Effects of explaining on children's preference for simpler hypotheses
Authors: Walker Caren , Bonawitz Elizabeth , Lombrozo Tania
Published: July 2018

Research suggests that the process of explaining influences causal reasoning by prompting learners to favor hypotheses that offer “good” explanations. One feature of a good explanation is its simplicity. Here we investigate whether prompting children to generate explanations for observed effects increases the extent to which they favor causal hypotheses that offer simpler explanations, and whether this changes over the course of development. Children aged 4, 5, and 6 years observed several outcomes that could be explained by appeal to a common cause (the simple hypothesis) or two independent causes (the complex hypothesis). We varied whether children were prompted to explain each observation or, in a control condition, to report it. Children were then asked to make additional inferences for which the competing hypotheses generated different predictions. The results revealed developmental differences in the extent to which children favored simpler hypotheses as a basis for further inference in this task: 4-year- olds did not favor the simpler hypothesis in either condition; 5-year-olds favored the simpler hypothesis only when prompted to explain; and 6-year-olds favored the simpler hypothesis whether or not they explained.
Peran Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Pengambilan Keputusan dalam Upaya Menentukan Karyawan Baru Lulus Training di PT. XXX Galaxy Mall Surabaya
Authors: Damayanti Erma
Published: July 2018

Dalam setiap organisasi pasti memiliki permasalahan, terutama yang berkaitan dengan manajemen. Untuk dapat menyelesaikan masalah tersebut peneliti akan meneliti tentang fungsi dan tujuan pengambilan keputusan, cara mengevaluasi kinerja karyawan, dan proses pengambilan keputusan yang di lakukan oleh pemimpin. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumouan data menggunakan, wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, triangulasi. Dengan hasil penelitian pengambilan keputusan sangat penting untuk menentukan kriteria karyawan yang sesuai dengan standart perusahaan untuk memperlancar tercapainya tujuan perusahaan.
Peran Manajerial dan Teknisi Humas Lembaga Pemerintah dan Swasta
Authors: ARISTO Jurnal , Kriyantono Rachmat
Published: July 2018

The research aims to describe the implementation level of managerial and technician roles of public relations practitioners from government and private institutions in Indonesia. The hypothesis is public relations from private institutions often more apply the managerial roles while the practitioners from government public relations tend to apply technical communication than managerial roles of communication. The researcher uses positivistic paradigm by applying survey method with questioners which are filled by 105 respondents. The instrument are from Five-Factor Dimension Model that specifically measures the level of managerial and technician roles of communication. The research finds that there is no significant differentiation between public relations practitioners from government and private institutions regarding the dimensions of managerial and technician roles. Both practitioners frequently apply technician roles rather than managerial roles, however, the government public relations more frequently conduct managerial roles than practitioners from private institutions. The research contributes to the development of public relations study and practice in Indonesia by testing the managerial and technical roles conducting by public relations practitioners through using Five-factor Model.
Proses Morfologi Derivasi pada Adjektiva Afiksasi Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Ermanto Ermanto
Published: July 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan proses morfologi derivasi pada adjektiva afiksasi bahasa Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian linguistik struktural. Hasil penelitian adalah bahwa berdasarkan tinjauan teori morfologi derivasi, pada adjektiva afiksasi bahasa Indonesia terdapat 9 macam proses morfologi derivasi.
Buku Panduan Pengembangan Wisata Edukasi : Luaran Program Pengabdian Masyarakat LPPM AKPAR BSI Bandung
Authors: Brahmanto Erlangga
Published: July 2018

Destinasi wisata kampung tulip yang menawarkan daya tarik khas Negeri Belanda merupakan sesuatu yang berbeda dan baru di Kota Bandung. Apalagi progres pengembangan kedepan dengan menawarkan konsep wisata edukasi. Telah menjadi pengetahuan umum bahwa kunci sukses pengembangan destinasi wisata terletak pada persoalan pengemasan daya tarik wisata. Sejauh mana daya tarik wisata yang ditawarkan memiliki keunikan, keindahan, keaslian, dan nilai yang dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan wisatawan sehingga berdampak pada loyalitas pengunjung. Oleh karena itu, buku panduan ini akan menyajikan secara lengkap tentang bagaimana kriteria daya tarik wisata yang berkualitas; motivasi wisatawan mengunjungi daya tarik wisata; para pelaku industri pariwisata; serta konsep pengembangan wisata edukasi yang dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan daya tarik wisata kampung tulip berbassis wisata edukasi
Smart-туризм: новітні технології та виклики сучасності
Authors: Туник Олександр Миколайович
Published: July 2018

Функціонування сфери туризму супроводжується безперервним кругообігом інформації, від розподілу й використання якої залежить конкурентноздатність всіх елементів глобалізованого ринку. Нові вимоги суспільства до необхідності змін у способах і засобах надання туристичних послуг, потреба у інноваціях в умовах сталого розвитку, забезпечення довготривалих контактів з партнерами та споживачами туристичних послуг із використанням «розумних технологій», є актуальною науковою та прикладною проблемою. Зазначені зміни обумовлені процесами розвитку інформаційного суспільства в країні та його трансформуванням в суспільство знань.
An Acknowledgement Based Advance for the Recognition of Routing Misconduct in MANETS
Authors: Sulatana Farheen
Published: July 2018

With the advent of mobile technology, the wireless communication is becoming more popular than ever before. This is due to technological advances in wireless data communication devices. A primary requirement for the establishment of communication between two devices is that intermediate nodes should cooperate with each other. Presence of malevolent nodes may lead to serious security concerns. Preventing and detecting malicious nodes and attacks is a challenge. This Paper attempts to resolve this issue by designing a Cooperative Bait Detection Scheme (CBDS) that has advantages of both proactive and reactive defense architectures.
A 3D progressive damage model for fatigue analysis of woven fabric composites
Authors: Pham DC
Published: July 2018

A new 3D damage model is developed to predict the progressive failure and accumulated fatigue damage of woven fabric composite materials. Stress-based failure criteria are used to predict the damage initiation in x-tow, y-tow, and matrix constituent. An S-N based damage accumulation model is implemented to characterize the cycle dependent strength of the x- and y- fiber tows and matrix subjected to axial tension, compression, or in-plane share loading. A curve-fit non-linear shear model is also employed based on the static coupon test data of (+45/-45) woven fabric laminates. A static failure progression module is used to predict the damage and failure at the peak load prior to fatigue cycling. Stiffness degradation, fatigue damage accumulation, and failure mode detection are performed during the fatigue marching process. The developed user-defined material model for Abaqus features: 1) description of initial nonlinear shear before the damage initiation; 2) characterization of failure initiation based on a maximum stress criterion; and 3) performance of fatigue damage accumulation using a phenomenological model based on S-N test data. The predictive capabilities of the developed model are demonstrated using tension-tension fatigue of SYNCOGLAS R420 E-glass woven fabrics.
A Genome for the Environment
Authors: Ebert Dieter
Published: July 2018

Water fleas of the genus Daphnia are among the oldest model systems in biological research. Today, we know more about their natural history and ecology than of any other taxon. The Daphnia model also has left a notable mark on other fields. élie Metchnikoff used Daphnia to test his 1908 Nobel prize–winning idea that macrophages attack invading parasites as part of cellular immunity. August Weismann's studies of water fleas were instrumental in developing his theory that only germ cells transmit heritable information in animals. Richard Woltereck used Daphnia to develop the notion of phenotypic plasticity—that an organism can change its characteristics in response to the environment—an idea that still guides experiments with many organisms that distinguish genetic from environmental effects. With all of these historical achievements, why did the National Institutes of Health (NIH) only recently add Daphnia to its list of model organisms for biomedical research? Moreover, why has Daphnia, at this point in time, become NIH's 13th model system?
Degrees of freedom in planning, running, analyzing, and reporting psychological studies A checklist to avoid p-hacking
Authors: Wicherts Jelte M. , Veldkamp Coosje Lisabet Sterre , Augusteijn Hilde , Bakker Marjan , van Aert Robbie Cornelis Maria , van Assen Marcel A. L. M.
Published: July 2018

The designing, collecting, analyzing, and reporting of psychological studies entail many choices that are often arbitrary. The opportunistic use of these so-called researcher degrees of freedom aimed at obtaining statistically significant results is problematic because it enhances the chances of false positive results and may inflate effect size estimates. In this review article, we present an extensive list of 34 degrees of freedom that researchers have in formulating hypotheses, and in designing, running, analyzing, and reporting of psychological research. The list can be used in research methods education, and as a checklist to assess the quality of preregistrations and to determine the potential for bias due to (arbitrary) choices in unregistered studies.
Student’s Self-concept Profile Based on Gender: a Rasch Analysis
Authors: Folastri Sisca , Rangka Itsar Bolo , Ifdil Ifdil
Published: July 2018

This research aimed to (1) perform inventory self-concept of students, and (2) measuring students’ self-concept based on gender. Data analysis used Rasch model for 45 students with actual power measurement 0,84. The research findings showed (1) inventory self-concept had been fit with the theoretic model, and (2) male students had a tendency to a higher self-concept rather than female students. The implications of this study were the need to increase students’ self-concept and improveproductivity of students. In addition, the results of this research could be the preliminary data to determine the types of services to solve problems of self-concept of students and positive direction by making counselling program based onstudents’ need assessment.
How do people with intellectual disabilities in Norway experience the transition to retirement and life as retirees?
Authors: Engeland Jeanette , Kittelsaa Anna , Langballe Ellen Melbye
Published: July 2018

People with intellectual disabilities have increased life expectancy compared to just a few decades ago, and there is a lack of knowledge about the experiences of transition into retirement for this group. In this study, semi-structured in-depth interviews with seven retirees with intellectual disabilities were conducted in order to investigate their reasons for retirement, experiences of the transition, their activities and satisfaction with their lives as retirees. Data was analysed with systematic text condensation.Most participants described that, although they experienced the retirement process and transition as abrupt, retirement had a positive impact on health, satisfaction and self-determination. Findings in this novel study in a Nordic context are need of increased knowledge on ageing and retirement among people with intellectual disabilities, and that individual guidance might improve their transition into retirement.
MENJALANKAN USAHA KECIL KERIPIK PISANG
Authors: Ali Mahrus
Published: July 2018

Keripik pisang adalah produk makanan ringan dibuat dari irisan buah pisang dan digoreng, dengan atau tanpa bahan tambahan makanan yang diizinkan. Tujuan pengolahan pisang menjadi keripik pisang adalah untuk memberikan nilai tambah dan meningkatkan/memperpanjang kemanfaatan buah pisang.Pada dasarnya keripik pisang banyak peminatnya selain murah harganya,enak rasanya dan mengandung vitamin-vitamin yang bagus untuk tubuh.Usaha keripik pisang merupakan peluang usaha yang dapat di kembangkan dengan modal yang sedikit kita bisa mendapat keuntungan yang besar dan saya yakin usaha ini bisa berkembang dan maju.
QuickCast: Fast and Efficient Inter-Datacenter Transfers using Forwarding Tree Cohorts
Authors: Noormohammadpour Max , Raghavendra Cauligi S. , Kandula Srikanth , Rao Sriram
Published: July 2018

Large inter-datacenter transfers are crucial for cloud service efficiency and are increasingly used by organizations that have dedicated wide area networks between datacenters. A recent work uses multicast forwarding trees to reduce the bandwidth needs and improve completion times of point-to-multipoint transfers. Using a single forwarding tree per transfer, however, leads to poor performance because the slowest receiver dictates the completion time for all receivers. Using multiple forwarding trees per transfer alleviates this concern--the average receiver could finish early; however, if done naively, bandwidth usage would also increase and it is apriori unclear how best to partition receivers, how to construct the multiple trees and how to determine the rate and schedule of flows on these trees. This paper presents QuickCast, a first solution to these problems. Using simulations on real-world network topologies, we see that QuickCast can speed up the average receiver's completion time by as much as 10× while only using 1.04× more bandwidth; further, the completion time for all receivers also improves by as much as 1.6× faster at high loads.
Evaluation of Tithonia-enriched Liquid Organic Fertilizer for Organic Carrot Production
Authors: Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi , Muktamar Zainal , Setyowati Nanik , Sudjatmiko Sigit , Chozin Mohammad
Published: July 2018

In organic vegetable production, foliar fertilizer is often applied in conjunction with soil amended fertilizer to provide sufficient nutrients for the plant growth and development. Liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) was locally produced using Tithonia diversifolia to improve organically grown of carrot (Daucus carota L.). This experiment aimed to determine the effectiveness of tithonia-enriched LOF on organic carrot production was arranged in completely randomized block design with three replicates. Treatments comprised five levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) of tithonia-enriched LOF concentrations, Results indicated that tithonia-enriched LOF did not significantly affect tuber length, tuber diameter, tuber fresh weight, shoot-tuber ratio, and number of tuber per plot. Future research should be focussed on the use of higher dosages of solid organic fertilizer and on application techniques of tithonia-enriched LOF.
Robust statistical methods: a primer for clinical psychology and experimental psychopathology researchers
Authors: Field Andy Peter , Wilcox Rand R.
Published: July 2018

Paper describing the utility and application of various robust methods in R
Negative results are needed to show the specific value of a cultural explanation for g: A commentary on Burkart et al.
Authors: Arslan Ruben C. , von Borell Christoph Julian , Ostner Julia , Penke Lars
Published: July 2018

The authors suggest that social learning can explain the cognitive positive manifold for social animals including humans. We caution that simpler explanations of positive trait intercorrelations exist, such as genetic load. To test the suggested explanation’s specificity, we also need to examine non-social species and traits such as health that are distal to cognitive abilities.
Journal of the History of Economic Thought Preprints - Review of Andrew Carnegie: An Economic Biography
Authors: Gindis David
Published: July 2018

A review of Samuel Bostaph's economic biography of Andrew Carnegie.
Seduhan daun dan buah jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) untuk mengendalikan nematoda perongga akar Radopholus similis secara in vitro
Authors: Yousif Ahmed Ibrahim Alrashid , Pradana Ankardiansyah Pandu , Oktafiyanto Muhammad Firdaus , Putri Diana , Munif Abdul
Published: July 2018

Radopholus similis is a nematode that infects many plantation crops. Infected plant roots by nematodes will show necrosis symptoms, then rot due to infection of secondary pathogens. Control of R. similis that is effective, environmentally friendly, and easy to be performed by the farmers is the key to success in reducing losses by this nematode. Extract of physic nut has been recognized to be effective in controlling some important pests, but there is currently no reports of its effectiveness in controlling R. similis. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of leaves and fruit steeping of physic nut for in vitro control of R. similis. A total of 1:10 (w/v) leaves and fruit of physic nut were steepped, then filtered by a 500 mesh sieve. Steeping was then dripped into a suspension containing 40 R. similis. Twenty-four hours after treatment, the number of dead nematodes was observed. The leaves steeping of physic nut could kill up to 70% of R. similis. Mortality of R. similis treated with steeping of physic nut seeds reached 76.25%. Both steeping applications did not cause damage to the body of nematodes, thus it is presumably that the mortality was due to toxic compounds.
Weed Seed Inhibition under Solarization Treatment with Different Mulch Color in Tropical Highland Organic Farming System
Authors: Setyowati Nanik , Nurjanah Uswatun , Muktamar Zainal , Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi , Sudjatmiko Sigit , Chozin Mohammad
Published: July 2018

Status: PostprintAbstract— Weeds are the major problem in organic crop production. Soil solarization is a method using clear plastic films to increase soil temperature to control pest organisms such as fungi, bacteria, and weed seeds. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different plastic mulch color on weed seed inhibition. The experiment was carried out in CAPS Research Station located in Air Duku Village, Bengkulu, Indonesia at 1054 m above sea level, arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design with 3 replications. Treatments comprised 4 different colors of plastic films, i.e silver-black, black, clear, and red as well as control (without mulch). Plastic mulch was laid on 1 m wide x 2 m long raised soil bed for four weeks from April 20–May 23, 2016. Soil temperature underneath plastic mulch at depth of 5, 10, 15, 20 cm from the surface were measured daily at noon. After incubation, soil sample was collected from 0-5; 5-10; 10-15; 15-20 cm depths. Weed seed germination of each soil sample was tested in the greenhouse. A number of weeds were observed after four weeks. The experiment indicated that a month of soil solarization using clear plastic mulch resulted in greatest soil temperature, increasing by 0.54-1.84% as compared to control. Treatment of plastic mulches was effective to suppress seed inhibition at the soil depth of 0-15 cm, as indicated by numbers of germinated weed and its dry matter. Longer soil solarization is necessary to obtain the highest reduction of weed growth in tropical highland organic farming system.
Pembelajaran bernyanyi menggunakan metode sight reading
Authors: Unnes eprint-sendratasik , Gunawan Prasetya Adi
Published: July 2018

Menyanyi sebagai salah satu keterampilan bermusik yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap siswa, untuk memperoleh hasil yang baik maka dalam proses pembelajaran menyanyi digunakan metode yang tepat. Hal ini telah dipraktekkan pada siswa kelas VIII SMPN 30 Negeri Semarang oleh guru seni musik dalam pembelajaran menyanyi yaitu dengan menggunkan metode sight reading. Siswa merasa lebih mudah untuk membedakan ketepatan nada dalam bernyanyi. Permasalahan yang akan diteliti adalah bagaimanakah hasil pembelajaran menggunakan metode sight reading pada siswa kelas VIII di SMP 30 Semarang? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan tentang pembelajaran metode sight reading di SMP Negeri 30 Semarang. Manfaat dari penelitian ini secara teoritis adalah dapat meningkatkan prestasi dalam bidang bernyanyi dan secara praktis dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang metode sight reading bagi siswa, guru, sekolah, dan peneliti.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 30 Semarang yang berlamat di Jl. Amarta no 21 Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, dan dokumentasi. Metode keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi data. Teknik analisis data dilakukan meluali pengumpulan data, penyajian data, reduksi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian metode sight reading dalam pembelajran bernyanyi pada siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 30 Semarang menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran terdiri dari pendahuluan yang terdiri dari mengkondisikan suasana kelas, apresiasi, dan menyampaikan tujuan pembelajaran, dan hasil pembelajaran menggunakan metode sight reading lebih baik kualitas bernyanyi siswa dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan metode sight reading. Kegiatan ini terdiri dari tahapan metode sight reading yaitu Mengamati materi, mencoba, dan proses kegiatan. Kegiatan penutup meliputi diskusi dengan siswa terhadap proses pembelajaran metode sight reading. Kemudian evaluasi atau penelian meliputi 2 aspek yaitu evaluasi yang dilakukan oleh ketrampilan, dan sikap.
Explanation of black hole radiation by applying the Lense-Thirring Effect and extending the Bardeen-Petterson Effect
Authors: GEORGES Alexandre
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this publication is to demonstrate that there may be a relativistic explanation for Hawking radiation. Presented this way, it does not look exceptional, but it would require that a quantity of energy in the form of light would correspond to a specific deformation of the Space-Time. The explanation in question consists of an extension of the Bardeen-Petterson Effect, a fairly simple and verifiable application of the Lense-Thirring Effect. We will call this phenomenon, at the origin of the generation of black hole radiation, the Atropic Effect, named after one of the moirs of Greek mythology: Atropos ("the inevitable").
Zonasi Potensi Airtanah Dengan Menggunakan Beberapa Parameter Lapangan dan Pendekatan SIG di Daerah Kepesisiran
Authors: Adji Tjahyo Nugroho , Nurjani Emilya , WICAKSONO DHONI
Published: July 2018

Sebuah studi kasus telah dilakukan untuk membuat zona potensi airtanah di daerah sekitar Pantai Parangtritis, Provinsi DIY. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk untuk memetakan zona potensi airtanah berdasarkan parameter airtanah yang dapat disurvei di lapangan pada suatu daerah yang memiliki variasi bentuklahan yang beragam. Interpretasi sebaran bentuklahan dimulai dengan menyiapkan data pendukung seperti Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia yang berisi informasi garis kontur dan data penggunaan lahan data, peta geologi regional untuk mengetahui kondisi litologi dan struktur geologi, data tanah, iklim, dan data hidrologis awal. Penentuan satuan bentuk lahan dilakukan secara manual melalui interpretasi visual dari citra Digital Landsat ETM+ dengan beberapa kunci interpretasi yang diperoleh dari data sekunder dan disurvei di lapangan. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran parameter lapangan potensi airtanah yaitu (a) kedalaman muka airtanah, (b) ketebalan akuifer, dan (c) Daya Hantar Listrik (DHL) yang mewakili kualitas airtanah. Zonasi potensi airtanah diperoleh dengan melakukan overlay semua parameter lapangan airtanah dengan metode overlay tertimbang menggunakan alat analisis spasial Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG) pada perangkat lunak ArcGIS 9.2. Pada proses overlay tertimbang, peringkat yang dihasilkan untuk setiap parameter individu pada masing-masing parameter lapangan airtanah dibobot berdasarkan tingkat pengaruh yang mereka miliki terhadap potensi airtanah, yaitu, kedalamanan muka airtanah sebesar 35%, ketebalan akuifer sebesar 35%, dan DHL sebesar 30%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari seluruh luasan wilayah kajian yang diteliti, mayoritas potensi airtanah tergolong pada kelas baik (49,8%) dan sedang (48,7%). Sementara itu, kelas miskin airtanah hanya menempati luasan yang sangat kecil, yaitu hanya 1,5% dari total luas wilayah kajian. Sementara itu, jika ditinjau tiap satuan bentuk lahan, maka bentuklahan Beting Gisik mempunyai sebaran potensi airtanah yang paling luas (30,4%), yang disusul oleh bentuklahan Dataran Aluvial (11%).
Ethical review board-approved protocols and intent to use open practices in research on human subjects in Sweden
Authors: Jafari Arian , Jenner Bo
Published: July 2018

Much of published research in psychology has been found irreproducible, possibly caused in part by questionable research practices. Open practices have been suggested as a way to combat these issues. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of declared intent to use open practices in Swedish human subjects research. We investigated the occurrence of declared intent to use open practices in a sample of 102 applications to regional ethical review boards (ERBs) in Sweden approved in 2013. Specifically, we investigated the prevalences of declared intent in applications to (1) publish the report with open access, (2) openly publish research materials, (3) openly publish data, and (4) preregister the study. 3% of applications stated an intention to publish open reports, and 5% included references to preregistrations. Statements of intent to publish data and/or materials openly were not found in any applications. A significant difference between types of open practices was identified; however, we observed no statistically significant differences in pairwise comparisons. One cause of low prevalences might be that researchers are disincentivized to use open practices. Future studies should use more recent ERB applications and larger samples.
Perceiving social pressure not to feel negative predicts depressive symptoms in daily life
Authors: Dejonckheere Egon , Bastian Brock , Fried Eiko I , Murphy Sean Christopher , Kuppens Peter
Published: July 2018

Background – Western societies often overemphasize the pursuit of happiness, and regard negative feelings like sadness or anxiety as maladaptive and unwanted. Despite this emphasis on happiness, the amount of people suffering from depressive complaints is remarkably high. To explain this apparent paradox, we examined whether experiencing social pressure not to feel sad or anxious could in fact contribute to depressive symptoms. Methods – A sample of individuals (n = 112) with elevated depression scores (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) took part in an online daily diary study in which they rated their depressive symptoms and perceived social pressure not to feel depressed or anxious for 30 consecutive days. Using multilevel VAR models we investigated the temporal relation between this perceived social pressure and depressive symptoms in order to determine directionality. Results – Primary analyses consistently indicated that experiencing social pressure predicts increases in both overall severity scores and most individual symptoms of depression, but not vice versa. A set of secondary analyses, in which we adopted a network perspective on depression, confirmed these findings. Using this approach, centrality analysis revealed that perceived social pressure not to feel negative plays an instigating role in depression, reflected by the high out- and low instrength centrality of this pressure in the various depression networks. Conclusions – Together, these findings indicate how perceived societal norms may contribute to depression, hinting at a possible malignant consequence of society’s denouncement of negative emotions. Clinical implications are discussed.
BUDIDAYA TANAMAN KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Sutomo Nanang , Hariyadi Bambang Wicaksono , Ali Mahrus
Published: July 2018

Syarat Tumbuh Tanaman kakao Curah hujan pertanaman kakao berkisar antara 1800 – 3000 mm pertahun dan merata sepajang tahun.Tanaman kakao masih bisa hidup pada musim kering yang berlangsung 2 bulan. Kelembapan udara relatif yang dikehendaki tanaman kakao adalah 80 – 90 %. Angin kencang dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan mekanis pada tanaman kakao serta menurunkan kelembapan relatif udara.Pengaruh angin kering pada pertanaman kakao di dekat pantai mengakibatkan matinya jaringan sel daun pada bagian tepi.Intensitas cahaya matahari diatur dengan adanya pohon pelindung. Intensitas cahaya matahari akan mengatur perbungaan tanaman kakao.Suhu yang dikehendaki berkisar antara 24o C dan 28o C tiap harinya. Suhu di atas 30o C dibawah naungan sering menimbulkan terlalu banyak pertumbuhan vegetatif. Media Tanam Tanaman coklat menghendaki tanah dengan sifat – sifat Mudah meresap air. Drajat kemiringan 0 – 40 %. Kedalaman efektif minimal 90 cm. Tidak mempunyai lapisan padas yang dangkal. pH 5 – 7 Mengandung banyak humus. Ketinggian Tempat Tanaman coklat akan baik tumbuhnya di daerah yang mempunyai ketinggian 0 – 500 m dari permukaan laut. Dapat pulah dibudidayakan sampai ketinggian tempat 800 m dari permukaan laut.
PERAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN
Authors: Alhadid
Published: July 2018

Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara jelas apakah pengertian budaya organisasi secara jelas dimulai dari pengertian peranan dan syarat yang efektif yang diperlukan bagi seorang pemimpin untuk mengambil keputusan untuk kelanjutaan organisasi baik di perusahaan maupun di lingkungan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan kombinasi pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling seluruh karyawan Rumah Kopi dan Galeri Seni Kopiganes yaitu sebesar 10 orang dengan informan manajer Rumah Kopi dan Galeri Seni Kopiganes. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu budaya organisasi sangat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengambilan keputusan manajer Kopiganes.
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: dahlia
Published: July 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui Kinerja Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Sulawesi Selatan selama periode tahun 2010 sampai dengan tahun 2014. Teknik Analisis Data yaitu Analisa Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Leverage (Solvabilitas), Rasio aktivitas dan Rasio Profitabilitas.Berdasarkan hasil olah data menunjukkan hasil (1) Rasio likuiditas dengan indikator pengukuran current ratio dan quick ratio yaitu Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Sulawesi Selatan tahun 2010-2014 dapat melunasi kewajibannya yang jatuh tempo. (2). Rasio solvabilitas Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Sulawesi Selatan dengan indikator pengukuran total debt to equity ratio. tatal debt to Assets ratio, dalam posisi yang cukup baik karena dapat melunasi semua utang-utangnya baik jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. (3). Rasio aktifitas Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Sulawesi Selatan dengan indikator pengukuran return on equity dan Net profit marjin diperoleh hasil cukup baik karena dapat mengelola asset-assetnya dengan efektif. (4). Rasio Profitabilitas perusahaan daerah Sulawesi Selatan dengan indikator pengukuran Net profit marjin, ROE dan ROA diperoleh hasil cukup karena baik dapat menghasilkan laba/keuntungan dari hasil penjualan dan investasi.
ANGKA PARTISIPASI KASAR (APK) WAJIB BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN DASAR 9 TAHUN DI KABUPATEN SERDANG BEDAGAI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Andriany Liesna
Published: July 2018

Salah satu kebijakan penting dalam meningkatkan pelayanan pendidikan di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai adalah penuntasan pelaksanaan wajib belajar (Wajar) pendidikan dasar 9 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka partisipasi kasar (APK) SD dan SMP Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. APK merupakan indikator yang paling sederhana untuk mengukur daya serap penduduk usia sekolah di masing-masing jenjang. Tolok ukur keberhasilan kebijaksanaan pendidikan adalah ada pada implementasinya. Populasi penelitian ini seluruh penduduk usia 7 – 12 tahun dan penduduk usia 13 – 15 tahun yang tinggal di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai dengan menggunakan sampel random acak. Pengumpulan datanya dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan pencatatan dokumen. Hasil temuan menunjukkan APK SD/MI di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai termasuk kategori tuntas paripurna. Sedangkan rerata APK untuk tingkat SMP/MTs termasuk kategori tuntas madya.Walaupun pelaksanaan Wajar pendidikan dasar 9 tahun di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai dapat dikatakan berhasil, namun masih terdapat sejumlah masalah yang perlu mendapat perhatian dari kalangan pemerintah, sekolah, maupun masyarakat.
Disclosure of financial conflicts of interest for research on psychosocial interventions
Authors: Cristea Ioana , Ioannidis john
Published: July 2018

In this viewpoint we discuss a potential financial conflicts of interest relevant to psychosocial interventions and suggest ways to improve disclosure.
Kajian Etnografi Komunikasi Pada Pengguna Aplikasi Chatting Menggunakan Model SPEAKING Dell Hymes
Authors: Saleh Rahmita
Published: July 2018

AbstrakStudi ini mengkaji aktivitas komunikasi untuk menjelaskan dan memahami perilaku komunikasi pengguna aplikasi chatting. Aplikasi chatting merupakan sarana percakapan yang dilakukan melalui perantara perangkat telekomunikasi mobile yang difasilitasi oleh berbagai fitur untuk melakukan komunikasi. Keberadaan aplikasi ini menciptakan suatu masyarakat tutur tersendiri dengan perilaku komunikasi yang khas dan baru. Tujuan dilaksanakan penelitian untuk mengetahui peristiwa tutur (speaking event) yang terjadi pada pengguna aplikasi chatting dan mendapatkan gambaran umum dari perilaku komunikasi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah etnografi komunikasi dengan menggunakan The Speaking Model yang diperkenalkan oleh Dell Hymes untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis aktivitas komunikasi terhadap objek penelitian. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peristiwa tutur berlangsung dalam satu akun grup dengan memperbincangkan satu topik yang sama. Pertuturan tidak melibatkan seluruh anggota komunitas dan pesan disampaikan dalam dua format, yaitu teks dan visual. Bentuk ujaran mengikuti fasilitas percakapan yang disediakan oleh aplikasi chatting, namun anggota komunitas memiliki tingkat pemahaman yang baik terhadap setiap bentuk ujaran yang dikirim oleh setiap anggota.
Next Week, Next Month, Next Year: How Perceived Temporal Boundaries Affect Initiation Expectations
Authors: Hennecke Marie , Converse Benjamin
Published: July 2018

To move from commitment to action, planners must think about the future and decide when to initiate. We demonstrate that planners prefer to initiate on upcoming days that immediately follow a temporal boundary. For example, aspiring dieters who considered a time horizon from Thursday, February 27th to Tuesday, March 4th showed expectation increases from Days 4 to 5 (Sunday to Monday) when induced to think of weekdays, and from Days 2 to 3 (February 28th to March 1st) when induced to think of calendar-dates. Using both causal-steps- and moderation-based approaches, we demonstrate that this occurs (in part) because planners neglect situational constraints when evaluating initiation opportunities after (versus before) temporal boundaries. A field experiment demonstrated a costly consequence: Aspiring dieters were more likely to sacrifice one week of access to an expensive weight-loss program if it allowed them to start on a day they perceived to follow a temporal boundary. Keywords: Goals, initiation, temporal boundary, construal level
Information foraging for perceptual decisions
Authors: Ludwig Casimir Johannes Hendrikus , Evens David R.
Published: July 2018

We tested an information foraging framework to characterise the mechanisms that drive active (visual) sampling behaviour in decision problems that involve multiple sources of information. Experiments 1-3 involved participants making an absolute judgement about the direction of motion of a single random dot motion pattern. In Experiment 4, participants made a relative comparison between two motion patterns that could only be sampled sequentially. Our results show that: (i) Information (about noisy motion information) grows to an asymptotic level that depends on the quality of the information source; (ii) The limited growth is due to unequal weighting of the incoming sensory evidence, with early samples being weighted more heavily; (iii) Little information is lost once a new source of information is being sampled; (iv) The point at which the observer switches from one source to another is governed by on-line monitoring of his or her degree of (un)certainty about the sampled source. These findings demonstrate that the sampling strategy in perceptual decision-making is under some direct control by ongoing cognitive processing. More specifically, participants are able to track a measure of (un)certainty and use this information to guide their sampling behaviour.