bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Systems Thinking into Local Governments in the United States of America
Authors: Capler Jennifer
Published: June 2021

This is an opinion-based review of other research work on systems thinking paradigms and the possible application to local governments within the United States of America. Systems thinking is a complex interaction of people to generate thoughts, concepts, and ideas for situations involving organizational processes and changes. Using systems thinking can encourage collaboration, participative leadership, and interpersonal relations, increasing organizational effectiveness. Local government organizations may benefit greatly from creating and using systems thinking, incorporating constituent input before making decisions. Taking current organizational theory and design and recognizing a knowledge gap, this specific opinion-based review of using systems thinking emphasizes the importance of maintaining leadership and effective communication, advantages and disadvantages of system thinking paradigms, and ethical considerations. As communities grow and diversity expands, local government organizations should also grow and expand with the changing demands of constituents and economic needs. My theory is that with the incorporation of systems thinking, local government representatives can increase the overall effectiveness of council meetings and decision-making. Keywords: Systems Thinking; Local Government Organizations; Effective Communication; Effective Decision-Making; Participative Leadership
Panorama das pesquisas em políticas linguísticas no contexto de PLE no Brasil
Authors: Evaristo Jefferson
Published: June 2021

O objetivo de nosso texto é, com base em levantamento de teses e dissertações sobre políticas linguísticas disponível na base de dados da CAPES entender conceitos e tendências dos estudos sobre políticas linguísticas na atualidade no contexto de PLE do Brasil. Tais ações estão associadas às diferentes temáticas que se revelaram durante o referido levantamento, uma vez que tinham como pano de fundo questões relativas às políticas linguísticas. Metodologicamente, a escolha da CAPES como base de comparação foi feita porque, de maneira obrigatória, todos os programas de pós-graduação do país devem depositar todas as suas pesquisas feitas na plataforma, de modo que qualquer trabalho em nível de pós-graduação realizado no Brasil está ali inserido. Justamente por isso, o catálogo da CAPES é capaz de fornecer, naturalmente, dados oficiais que podem ajudar a compreender temáticas, tendências, autores, possibilidade, práticas e teorias que são – ou que não são – presentes em determinada área de pesquisa. Assim, diferentes pesquisas foram feitas durante o ano de 2019, selecionando dados que seriam posteriormente tratados. Os resultados apontam que não há, atualmente, uma área, tema ou linha de pesquisa que possa ser dita como sendo hegemônica no cenário observado, de modo que o que existe é uma pulverização maior dos interesses e temas de pesquisa. Trata-se, antes de tudo, ao que parece, de uma área que abriga pesquisas múltiplas e variadas tendo apenas como um pano de fundo comum, bastante fluído, a conceituação de serem pesquisas em políticas linguísticas.
Between Utopia and Reality: Insecurity in Indigenous and Mennonite
Authors: Peris Castiglioni Carlos Anibal
Published: June 2021

How can the social transformations of present-day Filadelfia, Boquerón, Paraguay be studied? In this article, new dynamics that show insecurity in Mennonite and indigenous communities are described. Qualitative interviews were carried out. Fourteen representatives were interviewed on: a) The main incidents that demonstrate vulnerability and, b) the identification of the aggressors as the Settlers. The reports provided by indigenous persons show that actions that are legal can still constitute a nightmare when exploitation and conditions of vulnerability are added. Regarding the Mennonite Settlers, they say that their youngmen in their desire to break the rules, consume, sell and introduce illicit drugs to their communities. Regarding the incidents of violence against women, those who force or abuse female members of the congregation are their fathers, brothers, uncles and grandfathers.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL TGT DENGAN MEDIA BARCODE SCANNER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI SISWA
Authors: SUBADI SUBADI
Published: June 2021

Pembelajaran sejarah di era digital menghadapi tantangan berat, karena persepsi siswa materi pembelajaran dapat dengan mudah dicari di internet. Tujuan penulisan praktik baik ini adalah untuk meningkatkan motivasi, mempergunakan kemajuan teknologi untuk  alat bantu pembelajaran, menghindari kegiatan negatif penggunaan android/HP, meningkatkan kreativitas siswa dan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melalui dokumen diantaranya dari daftar nilai hasil belajar siswa, daftar hadir, daftar keaktifan siswa, silabus, RPP, hasil kuesioner/survey motivasi dan minat serta pengamatan secara langsung dan pengalaman praktik-praktik baik. Lokasi praktik baik di SMAN 1 Matauli Pandan melibatkan siswa kelas XII IPA10 berjumlah 24. Dengan mengubah model pembelajaran dengan Team Game Tournament (TGT) menggunakan media HP android dengan aplikasi barcode scanner diperoleh hasil bahwa siswa yang termotivasi dan  tertantang belajar sebanyak 21 siswa dari 24 siswa atau sebesar 87,5%. Siswa yang mengantuk menjadi tidak ada karena semua siswa terlibat dalam permainan menggunakan media barcode scanner. Namun demikian tidak ada satupun siswa yang menyatakan tertarik dan berminat menjadi sejarawan. Hasil belajar dengan media barcode scanner menunjukkan siswa yang tuntas belajar sejarah sebesar 92% atau 22 siswa, dan yang belum tuntas 8% atau 2 siswa memperoleh nilai kurang dari 75. Hasil belajar siswa meningkat dengan rata-rata kelas 84,25.
Induced Hypothermia: From Bench to Bedside in Systemic and Neurological Protection After Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest
Authors:   Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Prandini Mirto Nelso , Saldanha Anita L R ,   Nephrology Department, BP - A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Gasparoto André Luis Varela ,   Intensive Care Unit, BP - A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Cardiac arrest outside medical center is a major cause of death. The survival rates ranges from 5 percent to 35 percent. In patients who are initially resuscitated, anoxic neurologic injury is the prime cause of morbidity and mortality, besides hazards in multiple organs as the kidneys, for example. Induced hypothermia has proven to improve the prognosis after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Objective: To demonstrate in experiments where induced mild hypothermia has been able to reduce ischemic and inflammatory damage in animal’s brains and consequently the multiplicity of the other organs. Methods: Experiments were carried out with rabbits and rats when mild hypothermia was induced in order to demonstrate its neuroprotective properties. Results: Induced mild hypothermia demonstrated to be able to reduce the deleterious effects caused by brain ischemia and brain inflammation. Conclusions: Hypothermia may be helpful in reducing the ischemic process as well as in reducing the inflammatory cascade caused by ischemia. We believe that induced hypothermia improves prognosis after resuscitation from cardiac arrest reinforcing the application of mild hypothermia in cases of cerebral ischemia mainly after cardiac arrest.
Sustainable Development Strategy of Urban Metabolism in China
Authors:   Planning Research Center of Tianjin Planning & Natural Resources Bureau, China, Liu Chengcheng , Xu Zhiyong ,   Tianjin Ecological Environment Bureau, China
Published: June 2021

Were studied in this paper, from the Angle of entropy and dissipative structure, sustainable urban metabolism strategies on rapid urbanization in China's eastern coast and the Beijing and Tianjin areas, explored urban development path from the incremental urban to the flow urban and stock urban: on the one hand, with the concept of ecological again, repair damaged in urban natural environment and landscape, improve the ecological environment quality. On the other hand, with the concept of renewal and mending, urban facilities, space environment and landscape features are restored to enhance urban characteristics and vitality.
Frugivory and Seed predation of Jacaratia spinosa (Caricaceae) by Sumichrast’s Vesper Rat, Nyctomys sumichrasti (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Salas Diego , Villalobos-Chávez David
Published: June 2021

Animal-plant interactions are ubiquitous and critical for tropical ecosystem functioning. Neotropical rodents perform key ecosystem functions such as seed dispersal and predation, however few information is available regarding their ecological interactions. Here, we reported the interaction between the Sumichrast’s Vesper Rat, Nyctomys sumichrasti, and the plant Jacaratia spinosa in the Central Caribbean of Costa Rica. Rodents were observed feeding on the flesh and seeds of the plants. Natural history observations such as this are critical to the knowledge on the feeding links of poorly known Neotropical rodents.
A kulturális javakkal kapcsolatos jogvitákra irányadó jog a magyar jogrendszerben
Authors: Vadász Vanda
Published: June 2021

A tanulmány a jogellenesen külföldre vitt kulturális javakra vonatkozó kollíziós szabályozást mutatja be. Ennek során kitér a magyar jogforrási rendszer vizsgálatára, majd részletesen foglalkozik a Nemzetközi magánjogról szóló 2017. évi XXVIII. törvény egyes vonatkozó általános részi intézményeivel, illetve a kulturális javakra alkotott speciális kapcsolóelveivel.
Autopsy Analysis of Suicidal Hanging Cases in Sylhet
Authors: Tasnuva Aziz Munalisa  , Md. Shamsul Islam  , Md. Abdul Hye Minar  , Tahmina Islam  , Kanta Deb  , Iffath Farooqui
Published: June 2021

Background:Suicide is one of the leading cause of unnatural death in the world. The frequency of suicidal hanging is dramatically increasing over the period of time in Bangladesh. Methods:Anautopsy reports based retrospective study carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College to analysis of suicidal hanging cases during the study period January 2017 to December 2018. After reviewing all postmortem reports, 230 cases of death were found due to suicidal hanging casesduring the study period. Results:The highest number of the victims 76(33.04%) were from the age group 10-19 years, followed by 61(26.52%) from 20-29 years and 126(54.78%) were female. Most of the dead bodies 38(16.52%) were brought from Gowainghat police station and majority victims 32(13.91%) locality were also in Gowainghat. The commonest autopsy findings were skin and subcutaneous tissue underneath the ligature mark found pale, white, hard, glistening 225(97.83%) and cyanosis 208(90.43%). The most common cause of deathin post mortem findings was asphyxia 213(92.61%). Conclusion: A well intended and inclusive programme is needed to reduce the frequency of suicidal hanging, which will ascertain the causative factor and helps incontrol and prevention.
http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/201
Authors:   Associate professor, Department of Shariah (Islamic law and Jurisprudence) Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Khan Hidayat , A. Awan Mumtaz
Published: June 2021

The honour based violence comprises homicide as well as assault, rape, confinement, acid attacks, forced marriage, and female infanticide. The causal effect to maintain honour is attached to behavior of women that triggers perturbation in existing norms of a society. Therefore, it becomes a subject of domestic domain rather than state quarters, and it is not specific to certain societies. The word ‘honour’ stemmed out from the Latin word ‘honos’, which means worthiness of a person or a group in a society. Later on, it implied adverse assumption of maintaining it through women’s behaviors. The killings are carried out due to eloping and court marriage, rape, premarital sex, sexual association, and adultery etc. The contributing factors of honour killing are attached to social dynamics of a society and significance arises to explore relating key features in the light of Islamic injunctions and global legislations. Such features have been more explicitly addressed by private sector as compared to public sector. The United Nations emphasized upon consideration of honour killing issues under the public sphere for tangible outcomes. In Pakistan, the governmental sectors include Ministry of Women, Ministry of Law, Council of Islamic Ideology, and Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan, while private sectors include NGOs, women right activists, civil societies, media, and public at large. As such, it is outcome of joint efforts that now, there exist innovative laws promulgated in Pakistan, which address honour killing as exclusively punishable phenomenon. The honour killing takes place with regard to three dimensions including honour killing on the pretext of illicit relations, honour killing as punishment for seeking divorce, and honour killing as a result of rape. These dimensions define various parameters causing honour killing depending upon intensity of parameters to account for levels of provocation and accusations.
http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/202
Authors:   University of Karachi., Bukhari Muhammad Farhan , Iraqi Khalid Mahmood
Published: June 2021

This study is about soft skills among leaders in an organization. Most studies on individual skills are done by researchers from a Western perspective. While studies on soft skills based on the perspective of the Qur'an and Sunnah are less focused. In particular, this study is compiled to meet two (2) main objectives namely; (1) Explore the main concepts of personal skills based on the perspectives of Western and Islamic scholars and 2) List the characteristics of Western and Islamic soft skills into the practice of leaders. This study has chosen a descriptive qualitative approach through the analysis of written documents of scholars to formulate important themes related to the concept of individual skills in the perspectives of Western and Muslim scholars. The results of the study found that there are three main themes on individual skills based on the Quran and Sunnah. From the results of the study, it has been suggested that the leaders should adopt a hybrid soft skills approach that is a combination of Western and Islamic approaches.
Dynamics of the Thermal Uplifting in the Atmosphere Under a Continuous Supply of Heat: Practical Application Examples
Authors: Chernogor Leonid
Published: June 2021

The author has earlier considered the dynamics of an isolated thermic arising from an instant heat release. The rigorous analytical, as well as simplified, solutions describing the dynamics of the uplifting of a spherical thermic have been obtained. Such a thermic appears during a short-term release of heat, e.g., during an explosion. The uplifting of a meteoroid thermic has also been studied. The theory of the thermic has found applications in the magnetic precursors of earthquakes. At the same time, the heat can be supplied during many hours or even days when big forest fires occur, peat fires burn, volcano eruptions occur for a long time, and during the release of heat before earthquakes. The dynamics of the uplifting of a thermal under these circumstances is considerably different from an instantaneous energy release. Employing the cylindrical model of a thermic, the dynamics of the thermic has been studied in the case of the continuous supply of heat. Within the model, the analytical solutions to the set of equations governing the temporal dependences of the velocity of a parcel of the heated air and the position of the upper bound of the thermic, as well as the excess temperature in the heated parcel have been obtained. The upper thermal boundary speed and location has been shown to increase with uplifting, while the excess temperature to gradually decrease. The numerical estimation has been performed for characteristic situations. The ecological consequences of large-scale fires, as well as the mechanisms for generating gravity waves by the thermals, are discussed. The physics-based mechanisms for generating acoustic wide-band emissions by the thermals have been analyzed; the wave periods have been estimated to be 1–103 s. The energy of acoustic emissions from a big fire has been estimated to be approximately 1014 J. At the same time, the energy of acoustic emissions from all fires that occurred in the Russian Federation in 2020 amounts to 7∙1016 J, while in Ukraine it is three orders of magnitude lower.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: UM ESTUDO DA PRÁTICA DOCENTE NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA
Authors: Rubim de Souza Joniery , De Miranda Santos Leandro
Published: June 2021

As transformações que vem acontecendo no cenário mundial, sobretudo no Brasil, têm provocado impactos significativos no sistema educacional no que se refere ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Por conta disso, há necessidade que haja uma mudança de paradigmas que permitam trazer respostas rápidas às demandas dos discentes, principalmente para uma nova geração de ingressantes acadêmicos, representados pela Geração Y, também conhecida como Geração Internet e cuja informação é disponibilizada através de diversas ferramentas. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o nível de conhecimento, por parte dos docentes do curso de licenciatura em Química da UFPI, a respeito das metodologias ativas de aprendizagem no processo de formação de futuros professores. Aplicou-se um questionário online com um grupo correspondente a 42% dos docentes de Química, tendo como resultados o fato de que mais da metade deles conhecem e já aplicaram essa metodologias em sala de aula, bem como, que a maioria deles não realizaram cursos de capacitação, assim, provavelmente não puderam usufruir do que as diversas metodologias ativas podem proporcionar. Com isso, observa-se a importância de se trabalhar novas metodologias de abordagem dos conteúdos em sala de aula, tais como sala de aula invertida, debates e aprendizagem baseada em problemas, dentre outras, a fim de que os alunos da licenciatura possam replicar o uso dessas metodologias com seu futuros alunos, visando a otimização do processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
IoT Based Antenna Positioning System
Authors: Upale Apeksha , Shaha Shruti , Waske Gauri , Ubale Prof. A. S.
Published: June 2021

Over the past few years, IOT has become one of the most important technologies of 21st century. Every single Internet Of Things (IOT) device needs an antenna. Proper positioning of antennas is necessary for wireless communication. So here we are giving a project on an IOT based antenna positioning system that allows for remotely positioning of antennas based over IOT. The method that is used here to control the antennas position is by using Node MCU and Stepper motors. Here, in this system sensors will be mounted on the antenna to detect its direction and its direction will be changed by motors using IOT. The Blynk app acts as a remote and is used to send the signal to the MCU through the internet. The project helps to control the antenna’s position by the user’s command.
PLC Based Automation In Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Jangam Rohan , Gavali Sanket , Gadhave Akshay
Published: June 2021

Over 60 per cent of the country's population, compromising several million small farming households, depends on agriculture as a principle income source and land continues to be the main asset for livelihood. By the utilization of Drip Irrigation we will save water and fertilizer provided to the crops. By automating it we will save more water and increase our economy with increase in production and reduction in man power. As the timings provided for agriculture are very inconvenient also thanks to lack of rains and scarcity of land reservoir. There is improper supply of water to the land which affects the assembly . Thus it’s necessary to seek out an automatic system which may provide required water to the farm counting on the crop water demands and therefore the electricity availability timings. This project is targeting developing an automatic drip irrigation system using plc which is operated on two modes namely timer mode and sensor mode as per the convenience of farmer.
Object Sorting Robotic Arm Based on Colour Sensing
Authors: Gundu Nirmala , Utekar Sneha , Pardeshi Anketsingh , Elgandelwar Prof. S. M.
Published: June 2021

An Object Sorting Robotic Arm Based on Colour Sensing is a technique used to sort and analyse different colours of objects, after that picking up and place on desired area or location. This application improved efficiency as well as reduce the manual workload. In the project, dc servo motors are used which rotate as per the program to complete the task. Total six dc servo motors for different parts of the robotic arm like waist, shoulder, elbow, wrist roll, Wrist, pitch gripper. All motors are connected to Arduino. Also used one colour sensor (TCS 3200)that is also connected to Arduino. The colour sensor used here is to sense red, green, blue colours.
Notas exploratórias sobre agências, discursos e experiências de gênero na/pela produção cultural de quadrinhos: um estudo de caso da obra Olga, a sexóloga
Authors: Brandão Deyse de Fátima do Amarante
Published: June 2021

Como produções culturais da contemporaneidade, os quadrinhos fornecem elementos para se pensar valores e representações, através de sua iconografia e enredos. Muitas destas produções endossam questionamentos sobre sexualidade, corpo e condição feminina, sobretudo naquelas obras criadas por mulheres quadrinistas. Uma destas obras é Olga, a sexóloga, criada pela quadrinista paraibana e feminista Thais Gualberto. Os desenhos são feitos de traços simples, ressaltando o teor do conteúdo da temática sexual por meio do humor e da ironia. As narrativas quadrinísticas de Olga constituem espaços de engajamentos e agenciamentos no qual a sua criadora evidencia os seus posicionamentos sociais. Nesta perspectiva, este artigo pretende-se refletir sobre os novos (ou não tão novos assim) discursos construídos sobre as questões de gênero, através da experiência assinalada por um sujeito constituído por posições diferenciadas marcadas pelo gênero, no qual o termo mulher contemporânea assume parte da representação destas posições de forma simbólica e alusiva.
Measures for Curbing Unethical Practices among Construction Industry Professionals: Quantity Surveyors’ Perspective
Authors: Paul Christiana Ada , Aghimien Douglas Omoregie , Ibrahim Ahmed Doko , Ibrahim Yahaya Makarfi
Published: June 2021

Unethical practices have been a reoccurring menace in the construction industry globally, with its negative impact reported in existing studies. While several studies have explored issues touching on ethics, ethics compliance and unethical practices within the construction industry, the problems persist especially in developing countries. It is based on this notion that this study assessed the possible measures that could help curb unethical practices in the construction industry with specific reference to Quantity Surveyors (QS). The study adopted a quantitative approach with structured questionnaires used to garner information from registered QS in Nigeria. Data analysis was done using relevant descriptive and multivariate analysis. The reliability of the instrument used was also tested using Cronbach alpha test. The findings revealed that while QS are no strangers to unethical practices, most cases are not reported to the appropriate authorities. The most prevalent of these practices are payment-related and contract-related. To curb these practices, random inspections and development of ethical compliance, ensuring a good reporting and punishment system, and increase ethical awareness through QS organised programmes are needed. The findings of this study would assist the professional bodies and organisations within the industry to effectively enforce ethical conduct among their members and staff.
Religiosity and Intention to Participate in Donation-Based Crowdfunding
Authors: Baber Hasnan
Published: June 2021

The study aimed to investigate the influence of religiosity on the intention to participate in donation-based crowdfunding campaigns. The religiosity of an individual was assessed based on intra-religiosity and inter-religiosity parameters. The study examined the influence of religiosity on the attitude of respondents towards crowdfunding and giving donations in general, and further its impact on determining the intention of people towards donation-based crowdfunding campaigns. The data was collected from 304 respondents in India through an online questionnaire. The rationale behind choosing India was its diversity of religions. The data was collected through a snowball sampling approach and the questionnaire was shared within the personal and professional network. The structural equation modelling (SEM) technique was used to analyze the data. The study found that both Intrapersonal and Interpersonal religiosity dimensions have a positive influence on the attitude towards crowdfunding and donations in general. It also has a direct impact on the intention to participate in donation-based crowdfunding. Furthermore, a positive attitude towards donations will have a positive influence on this form of crowdfunding, however, no such significant relationship exists between attitude towards crowdfunding and intention.
ON THE PATH TOWARDS OPEN INNOVATION: ASSESSING ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE ORIENTED LEADERSHIP WITH KNOWLEDGE CAPABILITIES
Authors: Khan Arslan Najeeb , Matloob Abeera , Tufail Muhammad Shahid
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to examine the outcomes of the knowledge-oriented leadership on the organization’s open innovation through the mediating effect of the Knowledge Process Capability and Knowledge Infrastructure Capability and moderating role of Intellectual Capital. Data collection was done from the manufacturing sector through convenient sampling. The sample size was 105 respondents. The questionnaire was used and SEM is applied for the data analysis. The study concluded that there is a direct optimistic relation between KOL and OOI. Mediating role of KPC and KIC between KOL and OOI was found significant. Although the moderating results shows that by adding the intellectual capital as the moderator it increases the Organization’s KPC and KIC and in return organizations will become capable for increasing its open innovation’s targets. This study’s finding can be helpful for employers in adopting better open innovation’s trends with providing significant support for future investigation and research in related field.
Global Neurosurgery: Its Time Has Come
Authors: Benzel Edward C
Published: June 2021

The world is shrinking.  We, as neurosurgeons, are enjoying an ever-increasing opportunity to communicate with each other via email, WhatsApp, webinars, virtual visiting professorships, and on and on.  This ‘movement’ provides much-needed augmented access to experts and each other worldwide.  This, simply put, is the essence of the term ‘Global Neurosurgery.’ 

‘Global neurosurgery’ is increasingly referenced in manuscripts and social media.  Of course, neurosurgeons have traveled the world for educational purposes for over 100 years.  However, in those days gone by, only the elite few were afforded the opportunity for such travel and education.  Accompanying the marked increase in opportunities to communicate and educate, the term ‘global neurosurgery’ now takes on a new meaning.  In a sense, it is a banner phrase that heralds the introduction and implementation of the latest communication and education access to all neurosurgeons.  Global neurosurgery has become the words on the banner of a new and exciting movement – i.e., disseminating neurosurgery knowledge, skills, and hopefully, resources to all neurosurgical world reaches.
Africa100
Authors: Samii Madjid
Published: June 2021

Neurosurgery made a fascinating advancement in the last century. However, its historical development was somewhat slower than that of other surgical specialties due to the complexity of the central nervous system. Initial attempts to treat brain disease surgically have been related to high morbidity and mortality. Only the better understanding of brain structure and function localization and the introduction of antisepsis, anesthesia, and hemostasis at the end of the 19th century led to increased interest and rapid advancement in the field. The other development of neurosurgery was distributing the acquired knowledge and making this highly specialized care available to all patients around the world.

Among all other surgical disciplines, global neurosurgery was the foundation of neurosurgical organizations around the world, and their close cooperation, few countries founded the WFNS in 1955. The first president was Jefferson, and the first WFNS congress was held in 1957 in Brussels (congress president professor A. Walder). WFNS initiated a world congress every four years to gather neurosurgeons for scientific exchange.
¿CÓMO HACER UNA BASE DE DATOS OCUPANDO UNA PLANILLA DE CÁLCULO DE EXCEL?
Authors: Weisstaub Gerardo
Published: June 2021

Una de las etapas fundamentales en el desarrollo de un protocolo de investigación es la construcción de la base de datos. Su diseño detallado y el llenado cuidadoso ayudan a mejorar la confiabilidad de los resultados obtenidos a partir del análisis estadístico de los datos ingresados. Justamente, uno de los problemas que frecuentemente deben enfrentar los profesionales de la salud, es la construcción y la digitación de los datos. Procesos que, de no ser realizados adecuadamente, pueden generar diferentes tipos de errores. Aunque existen softwares específicos para el armando de las bases de datos, no es frecuente que los profesionales de la salud sepan utilizarlos. Es por lo anterior que el objetivo de este apartado es describir algunos aspectos básicos del uso de la planilla de cálculo de Excel para que pueda ser utilizada como base de datos.
Machine Learning and Cybersecurity: Hype and Reality
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Musser Micah , Garriott Ashton
Published: June 2021

Cybersecurity operators have increasingly relied on machine learning to address a rising number of threats. But will machine learning give them a decisive advantage or just help them keep pace with attackers? This report explores the history of machine learning in cybersecurity and the potential it has for transforming cyber defense in the near future.
Intercultural differences between Austria and Croatia in the context of business communication
Authors: Rončević Ante , Globočnik Žunac Ana , Car Martina
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The globalization of economy in the context
of adaptation and successful communication within the EU emphasizes the
importance of perceiving and adapting to intercultural diversity in order to achieve business success. This paper analyzes the notion of interculturalism from the aspect of observing business relations. It emphasizes the perception of intercultural outcomes of business cooperation. In the focus were specific characteristics of Croatia and Austria, countries geographically close, but with many diversities.
Methodology: The research tasks were to determine the phenomena of business intercultural interaction, obstacles in intercultural communication and the dimensions of cultural values ​​according to Hofstede. Respondents’ attitudes were examined by a survey containing 18 statements. The respondents had experience in Croatian-Austrian intercultural business relations. Three hypotheses were formulated following the idea that even though the two countries share a part of history and have built rich cooperation, there are significant differences that may be of importance for business communication.
Results: The first hypothesis suggested higher business formality in the Austrian culture, whereas results show that the attitude towards formality is equal. The Croatian culture lacks intercultural experience, which makes it less adaptable. Equality in gender relations was confirmed. These limitations mostly apply to a small sample showing small differences as it is a preliminary study. Conclusion: The research provides a foundation for a
broader and deeper survey that will provide guidelines for understanding intercultural communication and its rules.
International trade of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)
Authors: Mišević Petar
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The main purpose of this research is to analyse the international trade of the EAEU member states.
Methodology: The paper is based on the use of indicators such as the trade balance, intra-industry trade, import content of exports, trade openness, and the share of exports in GDP.
Results: The results show openness to foreign trade and export orientation of the EAEU member states.
Conclusion: The conclusion is that international trade, the rapid growth of export, and trade openness differ significantly between the EAEU member states.
Economic policy independence in EU member states
Authors: Lučev Josip , Cvrtila Dario
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The independence of the economic policy of national states in the
European Union is a relevant and politically controversial issue as notions of
lost sovereignty are often evoked by populist political options. It is
therefore important to distinctly outline the actual state of affairs.
Methodology: Methodology is descriptive and comparative. The
article starts by surveying traditional and recent political, institutional and
economic arguments on policy convergence in areas undergoing economic
integration. The article continues by contrasting the complex notion of economic
sovereignty and the ongoing development of economic policy constrictions of EU
(and eurozone) membership. Croatia is then compared to relevant economies in
key economic policies in response to the crisis of 2008/09 in order to evaluate
the maneuvering room left by the various policy constrictions.
Results: Particular attention is devoted to the comparison of exchange rate
policy, fiscal policy and monetary policy employed by member states in response
to the crisis of 2008/09. While economic independence in terms of crisis
management is clearly reduced by virtue of EU and eurozone membership, its
effects should not be felt as a change of policy direction in the case of
Croatia.
Conclusion: We conclude that the policy restrictions imposed by
EU membership and expected entry into the eurozone are in line with economic
restraints and exhibited national policy preferences prior to EU accession.
THE INITIAL PERIOD OF RESEARCH OF ABAY'S BIOGRAPHY
Authors:   East Kazakhstan State University named of S.Amanzholov, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan, Kartaeva M. , Muhametkalieva G. ,   Doctor of Philology, Professor, Kainar Academy, Baltabayeva G. ,   Kazakh national women's pedagogical University Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the first stage of studying Abay's biography. The article " the Life of Abay (Ibrahim) Kunanbaeva" which first talks about the works and the biography of Abai. It tells about the publication of the first collection of Abay's poems, about the works of the authors of the collection. Alikhan Bokeikhanov, who first introduced the life and creative heritage of Abay to Russian readers, will introduce the epic "Abay (Ibrahim) Kunanbayev". About valuable information in the creative life of Abay is told in the memoirs of Turagul Abayevich "About my father Abay". The authors prove that the creative life of Abay is a fundamental branch of Abay Studies.
CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF KAZAKH TALES
Authors:   Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey, Nurgaziyev T.
Published: June 2021

Tales are historical artifacts that show the growth and prosperity of not only one nation, but all of humanity. In any fairy tale there are such questions as good and evil, wealth and poverty, communication with relatives and the protection of the family and homeland. In addition, fairy tales have a special character that clearly describes the social life of people. Rich / poor, good / bad, educated / uneducated, king / slave, smart / mean. In addition, fairy tales reflect such social problems as infertility, mother’s anxiety about family and children, social features of the child’s consciousness structure, geographical features of social life, in short, a fairy tale reflects the social life of a certain people. The article analyzes social features and provides examples from Kazakh tales. In addition, the article focuses on the storyteller of fairy tales, as he reflects his social problems in the fairy tale. The article examined five tales about Aldar Kos - as a hero-protector of the people i.e. social dreams of the people, geographical features of the image of Alash Khan - urban and nomadic type of khan, the problem of infertility in the fairy tale “Yer Tostik”. The narrator’s social problems were analyzed based on the tale “Who is Strong”.
NOMADIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD IN THE NOVEL OF S.SANBAEV “WHITE ARUANA”
Authors:   Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Ananyeva S. , Арукенова O. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

Myths, tales and legends have been referencing readers of S. Sanjeev's prose to the ancient times of the Great Steppe, despite the fact that the action of fiction take place in the twentieth century. The story of Satimzhan Sanbaev «White Aruana», which has become the hallmark of the Kazakh writer's prose, is devoted to the urgent topic «man and nature». The motives of freedom, longing for the lost great past, the indestructible call of the Motherland are central to the story. Formation of the national identity of the Kazakh people is mainly based on works imprinted in oral folklore. The problem of “man and nature” is solved by the author in terms of the increased responsibility of the inhabitants of the planet Earth for the world. The narrator reinforces mythology, psychological overtones, and tragedy against the background of an ordinary household plot. The life of the inhabitant of steppe has depicted in the fate of one family. This skill has become a peculiarity of the style of the Kazakh prose writer. The failures of the protagonist Myrzagali are perceived as a consequence of the gradual decline of the ancient and great culture of nomadism, the cosmos of Tenriism. The loneliness of the individual in nomadic culture is determined by nature, living conditions, infinity and boundless vastness of the steppe, in which the problem of «man and space» is relevant in the twenty-first century.
THE SYSTEM OF EXERCISES IN THE STUDY OF PAREMIAS WITH LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE LESSONS OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Kazakh Academy of Transport and Communications M. Tynyshpayev, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Bekmambetova Z.
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the methodological system of studying paremias in Russian language lessons. Linguistic and cultural analysis of paremia allows us to identify the existing value-significant representations of an ethnic group based on accumulated information of a cultural and historical nature, first of all, about a person in the aggregate of certain properties, qualities, activities, and his attitude to the world. Paremias are aphorisms of folk origin, characterized by conciseness of form, reproducibility of meaning and having, as a rule, an edifying meaning. Paremia is a unique object for the study of language and culture, the purpose of which is to study cultural layers in the structure of the meaning of language units. Paremia is capable not only of expressing a conclusion, but also of forming generalized ideas about the laws of life. Since paremias are part of the national language picture of the world, and therefore part of the national language mentality, in this case, in our opinion, it is also possible to talk about the existence of a proverbial mentality, that is, the mentality of the nation, reflected in the paremiological Fund. When studying the discipline “Russian language”, students have the opportunity to master the skills of linguistic and cultural analysis of language units, get acquainted with different types of exercises and tasks, prepare to apply the acquired skills and implement the skills in regular, extracurricular and extracurricular activities.
«One belt, one road» initiative: a new concept of Chinese diplomacy
Authors:   Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages Kazakhstan, Almaty, N.G. Abiken  , E.M. Kagazbaeva  ,   Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages Kazakhstan, Almaty
Published: June 2021

The One Belt, One Road Initiative reflects China’s desire to take a politically and economically leading place in the modern world. The Chinese leadership explain the reason for the initiative to be put forward by the needs of China's internal development, emphasizing that external openness is an important impetus for the country's socio-economic development. China is becoming more active thanks to major international summits at its venue; initiative, the number of new initiatives and concepts is constantly growing, while old ideas are being developed.
Volunteering and charity in the activities of non-governmental organizations (for example “Rada of Ukrainians of Kazakhstan”).
Authors:   Institute of State History of the Committee of Science of the Ministry and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Chernienko D.A.
Published: June 2021

The article analyses the participation of non-governmental organizations in the development of volunteer movement in Kazakhstan. It is emphasized that among a wide range of NGOs, an important role is played by ethno-cultural associations that are part of the Assembly of Kazakh Nation. On the basis of actual material by the example of RALE «Rada of Ukrainians of Kazakhstan» the directions, kinds, forms and social value of charitable work are shown.
Identification, systematization and analysis of the reasons for postnatal depression in women
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Turegeldieva A.S. , Amitov S.A. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

This article is aimed at identifying, systematizing and analyzing the causes of postnatal depression in women. Despite the seeming limitations, this is a rather serious problem of a socio-psychological nature. Indeed, the manifestations of postnatal depression significantly affect not only the woman herself, but also her child, her other children, her husband, i.e. for the whole family. The feeling of social isolation in women who gave birth is very sharply reflected in her psyche, especially among successful women.
THE CONCEPT OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY OF LAW
Authors:   Kazakh national women's pedagogical university, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Imanbekova B.I. , Kurmankozha G.K. ,   Kazakh national women's pedagogical university, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article examines the nature and role of the sociology of law in the social system, the main causes of the emergence of law, the formation, cause-and-effect relationships in the system of social relations, the place as a special social institution. The reasons and ways of the emergence of the sociology of law as a separate branch of sociology were analyzed using the concepts of Western thinkers. Differences and similarities in the views of schools and thinkers of the sociology of law were also considered, and the emphasis was placed on the main features.
Political elites of the Arab world and their influence
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan, Abhari A. Sh.
Published: June 2021

The debate between political scientists about the "Arab Spring" revolutions is still escalating. Especially regarding the forces operating at the scene. Attempts by the military elite to retain power and try to maintain the status quo at any cost, leaving the doors wide open for foreign intervention The foreign interventions of countries that are trying to use the wave of the Arab spring to achieve their goals have especially complicated the situation in the Arab world. In this article I will try to shed light on some factors influencing the results of the “Arab Spring” revolutions.
Religious factor in charity
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Ismail N.O. , Altynbekov A.B. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the history of distribution and methods of charity application, which are explained from a religious point of view. It is briefly defined how it is conducted in world religions and national religions, in accordance with what norms and principles. Ignoring this size has important moral, legal, and interpersonal consequences. Our world is huge and diverse... different countries, different histories, different cultures, different religions... We can talk a lot about religious aspects, so let's focus on those moments that influenced the direction of charity in different cults that profess different faiths.
THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL STATE: HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Kazakh National Conservatory named after Kurmangazy (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Matzhanova К.К. , Dodaeva K.G. ,   Kazakh Academy of Sport and  Tourism (Almaty, Kazakhstan)
Published: June 2021

This article explores the problem of the formation and development of the idea of a social state. The origins of the concept of a social state as a fair political system go back to ancient times. But the emergence of the very idea of a social state, in the first place, is associated with a new understanding of the functions of the state. This approach is most important for L. von Stein, whom the authors consider as one of the founders of the concept of a social state.
LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF EDUCATIONAL MIGRATION FROM KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   doctoral student of 3 course PhD degree in «Political Science» KazNU named after Al- Farabi, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kazakov V.
Published: June 2021

The article considers educational migration as part of the general intellectual. The main trends associated with the movement of large masses of the population are identified. The main problems of the legal regulation of educational migration in modern Kazakhstani conditions are investigated. The current legislation in the field of education and science, which is the key to regulating legal relations, is analyzed. The norms of the formation of the state educational order as the main way of financing higher and postgraduate education are studied.
Influence of China migration processes on Kazakhstan
Authors:   Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages, Kazakhstan, Shapiyeva G.M. , Dauyen D.B. ,   Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article describes the types of migration - permanent and temporary, legal - illegal, voluntary and forced, economic and social cultural, etc. The purpose of the article is to analyze the most common economically motivated type of migration. The historical and dynamic methods allowed to systematize the available data on Chinese migration as factual material, to determine the evolution of migration processes in China. Using of official statistics is extremely important in order to make a structured analysis and assessment of flows based on it, in particular, legal and unregulated labor and trade migration.