bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation stability in fish spermatozoa upon external constraint: Impact of fish hormonal stimulation and sperm cryopreservation
Authors: Depincé Alexandra , Gabory Anne , Dziewulska Katarzyna , Le Bail Pierre‐Yves , Jammes Hélène , Labbé Catherine
Published: November 2019

Highly differentiated mature spermatozoa carry not only genetic but also epigenetic information that is to be transmitted to the embryo. DNA methylation is one epigenetic actor associated with sperm nucleus compaction, gene silencing, and prepatterning of embryonic gene expression. Therefore, the stability of this mark toward reproductive biotechnologies is a major issue in animal production. The present work explored the impact of hormonal induction of spermiation and sperm cryopreservation in two cyprinids, the goldfish (Carassius auratus) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio), using LUminometric Methylation Assay (LUMA). We showed that while goldfish hormonal treatment did increase sperm production, it did not alter global DNA methylation of spermatozoa. Different sperm samples repeatedly collected from the same males for 2 months also showed the same global DNA methylation level. Similarly, global DNA methylation was not affected after cryopreservation of goldfish spermatozoa with methanol, whereas less efficient cryoprotectants (dimethylsulfoxide and 1,2‐propanediol) decreased DNA methylation. In contrast, cryopreservation of zebrafish spermatozoa with methanol induced a slight, but significant, increase in global DNA methylation. In the less compact nuclei, that is, goldfish fin somatic cells, cryopreservation did not change global DNA methylation regardless of the choice of cryoprotectant. To conclude, global DNA methylation is a robust parameter with respect to biotechnologies such as hormonal induction of spermiation and sperm cryopreservation, but it can be altered when the best sperm manipulation conditions are not met.
Ejidos/Comunidades
Authors: Torres‐Mazuera Gabriela
Published: November 2019

Over the course of their existence, peasant cooperatives known as ejidos and comunidades have significantly reconfigured the property relations, landscapes, and settlements of rural Mexico. These cooperatives remain relevant today, even though most of Mexico's rural population now makes its living from activities other than agriculture. New uses, meanings, and values have attached themselves to the deagrarianized lands. Perhaps the most innovative resignification has been promoted by inhabitants who resist land commodification through a discourse of rights to Indigenous territory.
From Green to Green: The Environmentalization of Agriculture
Authors: Cattelino Jessica R.
Published: November 2019

This essay analyzes an important but understudied trend in rural America: the repurposing of agricultural lands and waters for the purposes of environmental conservation and ecological restoration. As shown by ethnographic research in a mostly‐drained agricultural region of the Florida Everglades, which is centered on the proposed buyout of a large agricultural corporation for restoration purposes, this transformation is as much a social and cultural project as it is a political‐economic one. The environmentalization of agriculture is a rural American story that is only beginning to be told.
Fences: Technologies, Boundaries, and Making Change
Authors: Rissing Andrea
Published: November 2019

When fences arrive to divide landscapes, they often serve as mechanisms of control. This ethnographic essay considers the boundaries delineating the new alternative agricultures of the Corn Belt to rethink the implications of fencing. In a context of grain monocultures, the moveable fencing of rotational grazing, the walls of high tunnels, and the buffers required around organic fields introduce edges into homogeneity. These edges prove fertile sites of both ecological and social interactions. Alternative farmers raising pastured livestock or organic vegetables increase cultivated species diversity within their counties, but the effects of their operations may be better understood by considering how the new edges between their operations and their neighbors can foster unexpected ideas and exchanges.
Sweet Knoll
Authors: Dudley Kathryn M.
Published: November 2019

Rurality in the Anthropocene is a tactical mode of existence in imperiled ecologies. Neither a strategic enterprise nor an identity politics, it is rooted in geopolitical histories and a congeries of feral ontologies: ways of being, communicating, and understanding in multispecies worlds that are rife with conflict, struggles for survival, and unexpected moments of grace. As a relational construct, rurality indexes the intersubjective copresence of more‐than‐human beings who materially and affectively sustain futurity in landscapes ravaged by extractive industries and climate change. This essay, based on interviews with public land ranchers in Oregon, conjures rurality as an ethnographic encounter in three registers involving wild horses, small‐scale ranchers, and a bewitched anthropologist.
A Farm Kid Paradox
Authors: Bendixsen Casper
Published: November 2019

Children are commonly and often fatally injured in agricultural settings that include family farms, constituting fully half of all working youth fatalities in the United States. Yet certain aspects of farm life that expose children to harm are also linked to positive health outcomes, a phenomenon that this essay terms “the farm kid paradox.” It reviews applied anthropological research on the differential intertwining of health and hazard, and reflects on the role of the anthropologist as a broker of facts and concepts between diverse stakeholders and farm environments.
Weight Loss Results in Increased Expression of Anti‐Inflammatory Protein CRISPLD2 in Mouse Adipose Tissue
Authors: Jackson Robert M. , Griesel Beth A. , Short Kevin R. , Sparling David , Freeman Willard M. , Olson Ann Louise
Published: November 2019

Objective

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, whereas weight loss is associated with improved health outcomes. It is therefore important to learn how adipose contraction during weight loss contributes to improved health. It was hypothesized that adipose tissue undergoing weight loss would have a unique transcriptomic profile, expressing specific genes that might improve health.

Methods

This study conducted an RNA‐sequencing analysis of the epididymal adipose tissue of mice fed either a high‐fat diet (HFD) or a regular rodent chow diet (RD) ad libitum for 10 weeks versus a cohort of mice fed HFD for the first 5 weeks before being swapped to an RD for the remainder of the study (swapped diet [SWAP]).

Results

The swapped diet resulted in weight loss, with a parallel improvement in insulin sensitivity. RNA sequencing revealed several transcriptomic signatures distinct to adipose tissue in SWAP mice, distinguished from both RD and HFD adipose tissue. The analysis found a unique upregulated mRNA that encodes a secreted lipopolysaccharide‐binding glycoprotein (CRISPLD2) in adipose tissue. Whereas cellular CRISPLD2 protein levels were unchanged, plasma CRIPSLD2 levels increased in SWAP mice following weight loss and could correlate with insulin sensitivity.

Conclusions

Taken together, these data demonstrate that CRISPLD2 is a circulating adipokine that may regulate adipocyte remodeling during weight loss.
Fibonacci wavelets and their applications for solving two classes of time‐varying delay problems
Authors: Sabermahani Sedigheh , Ordokhani Yadollah , Yousefi Sohrab‐Ali
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a numerical method for solving time‐varying delay equations and optimal control problems with time‐varying delay systems is discussed. This method is based upon Fibonacci wavelets and Petrov‐Galerkin method. To solve these problems, first, the Fibonacci wavelets are presented. With the aid of operational matrices of integration and delay for Fibonacci wavelets and using Petrov‐Galerkin method and Newton's iterative method, we solve two classes of time‐varying delay problems, numerically. The approximate solutions achieved by this method satisfy all the initial conditions. In addition, an estimation of the error is given. Numerical results are included to demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the present technique.
Estimation of dynamic thermo viscoelastic moduli of short fiber‐reinforced polymers based on a micromechanical model considering interphases/interfaces conditions
Authors: Yang Yang , He Qi , Rao Yan‐Ni , Dai Hong‐Liang
Published: November 2019

A novel three‐dimensional micromechanical model describing frequency‐ and temperature‐dependent viscoelastic behavior of short fiber‐reinforced polymers (SFRPs) with graded interphase and slightly weakened interfaces are established. Elastic‐viscoelastic correspondence approach, time‐temperature superposition principle and Rao and Dai's (Compos. Struct. 2017; 168: 440) modification on the calculation of interface damage tensors are applied for dynamic thermo viscoelasticity prediction of the composite with the consideration of interphase/interface conditions. Certain parameters like filler content, interphase property, the aspect ratio of inclusions, frequency, and temperature were thoroughly analyzed to see their effect on the dynamic behavior of unidirectional SFRPs. Some valuable conclusions are made, which constitutes a valuable contribution to the theoretical prediction of SFRPs' mechanical properties.
Methylcellulose fibrils: a mini review
Authors: Morozova Svetlana
Published: November 2019

This review covers the recently discovered methylcellulose (MC) fibrils and their impact on MC thermogelation and overall gel strength. The thermogelation of MC aqueous solutions has been studied for nearly 100 years, but it has only recently been attributed to fibril formation at elevated temperatures. The assembly of a fibrillar network explains the general features of MC gels: the unusually high modulus, the turbidity, and the nonlinear rheological behavior at high strains. Recent scattering, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) experimental efforts have led to critical discoveries about the fibril structure. MC fibrils are 60% water by volume when in solution. The length of the fibrils, especially for shorter chains, is closely correlated with the MC chain contour length. On the other hand, the fibril radius does not depend on the temperature, molecular weight or concentration of MC chains but does seem to be correlated with chain stiffness. The discovery of MC fibrils represents a significant departure from the entanglement of polymer chains and localized phase separation based physical model of MC gelation, opens new questions about the mechanism of fibril formation and presents new pathways for stimulus responsive material design. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A perspective on polyoxometalates as versatile synthons for precisely hybridized polymer materials
Authors: Li Haolong , Wu Lixin
Published: November 2019

We summarize the emerging advances of polyoxometalate (POM)–polymer hybrid materials in the last decade and chart the future possibilities in this field. The discussion is mainly focused on two critical roles of POMs: the structural synthon for fabricating well‐defined macromolecular architectures, and the functional synthon for advanced hybrid polymer materials in energy‐ and health‐related applications. The precise structures, modular synthesis and task‐directed functional design to overcome the current societal challenges are proposed to be a developing trend in POM–polymer hybrid materials. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Psychometric properties of the triangulated version of the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire: Prevalence across seven roles
Authors: González‐Cabrera Joaquín , Sánchez‐Álvarez Nicolás , Calvete Esther , León‐Mejía Ana , Orue Izaskun , Machimbarrena Juan M.
Published: November 2019

This study created a Spanish triangulated version of the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and obtained indicators of its validity and reliability. This new tool allows researchers to triangulate and flexibly investigate the three main roles in school bullying, obtaining seven potential roles (pure victim, pure bully, pure bystander, bully/victim, victim/bystander, bully/bystander, and bully/victim/bystander). The sample was 2,068 adolescents and young adults aged 11–19 years (Mage = 14.2 ± 1.48 years old; 53.8% females). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for the three‐related‐factor model and adequate reliability (ω > 0.91) in all dimensions. About 28.2% of the sample reported victimization; of whom only 2.9% were pure victims, 15.1% were victim/bystanders, and 9.8% were involved in all three roles (bully/victim/bystanders). Only 0.8% played the role of a pure bully, and 0.4% were bully/victims. The most prevalent profile was that of pure bystander (30%). These results are discussed in light of their importance for the interpretation of the prevalence of traditional bullying, and their implications for bullying assessments and interventions.
Independent evaluation of Q‐Interactive: A paper equivalency comparison using the PPVT‐4 with preschoolers
Authors: Krach Shelley Kathleen , McCreery Michael P. , Dennis Lindsay , Guerard Jessika , Harris Erica L.
Published: November 2019

Pearson now uses a technology‐based testing platform, Q‐Interactive, to administer tests previously available in paper versions. The same norms are used for both versions; Pearson's in‐house equivalency studies indicated that both versions are equated. The goal of the current study is to independently evaluate equivalency findings. For the current study, equivalency was measured using the three‐part test set forth by American Psychological Association in 1986. First, the researchers examined rank order similarity; then, they examined mean score similarity; and finally, they examined score‐distribution similarity. One of these equivalency standards (rank order similarity) was not met, and one other standard is debatable (mean score similarity); therefore, the authors noted concerns about the use of Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Fourth Edition Q‐Interactive for preschoolers. New normative data should be collected.
Isothiourea‐based lewis pairs for homopolymerization and copolymerization of 2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate with ε‐caprolactone and ω‐pentadecalactone
Authors: Bai Jun‐Hua , Wang Jin‐Hua , Zhang Li‐Fang
Published: November 2019

In this study, the homopolymerization of 2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) and its copolymerizations with ε‐caprolactone (CL) were carried out in detail using the isothiourea‐based Lewis pairs comprised 2,3,6,7‐tetrahydro‐5H‐thiazolo(3,2‐a)pyrimidine and magnesium halides (MgX2) with benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as the initiator. The copolymerization of DTC and CL via one‐pot addition produced randomly sequenced copolymers. On the other hand, a well‐defined linear poly(ε‐caprolactone)–block–poly(2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate) (PCL‐b‐PDTC) diblock copolymer was prepared by simple sequential ring‐opening polymerization of CL and DTC. In addition, poly(ω‐pentadecalactone)–block–PDTC diblock copolymer was successfully prepared by the same strategy. Moreover, PDTC–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–PDTC triblock copolymer was synthesized in the presence of PEG 2000. The effects of different polymerization conditions on the polymerization reactions have been systematically discussed. The resulting polymers were characterized by the 1H and 13C NMR spectra, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐ToF MS). The block copolyester structures were confirmed by the 13C NMR spectroscopy and DSC characterizations. These results indicated that the supposed mechanism was a dual catalytic mechanism. The proposed mechanism involved activation of the monomer via coordination to the MgX2, and the initiator alcohol was deprotonated by base. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2349–2355
Docking proteins and peptides under evolutionary constraints in Critical Assessment of PRediction of Interactions rounds 38 to 45
Authors: Nadaradjane Aravindan Arun , Quignot Chloé , Traoré Seydou , Andreani Jessica , Guerois Raphaël
Published: November 2019

Computational structural prediction of macromolecular interactions is a fundamental tool toward the global understanding of cellular processes. The Critical Assessment of PRediction of Interactions (CAPRI) community‐wide experiment provides excellent opportunities for blind testing computational docking methods and includes original targets, thus widening the range of docking applications. Our participation in CAPRI rounds 38 to 45 enabled us to expand the way we include evolutionary information in structural predictions beyond our standard free docking InterEvDock pipeline. InterEvDock integrates a coarse‐grained potential that accounts for interface coevolution based on joint multiple sequence alignments of two protein partners (co‐alignments). However, even though such co‐alignments could be built for none of the CAPRI targets in rounds 38 to 45, including host‐pathogen and protein‐oligosaccharide complexes and a redesigned interface, we identified multiple strategies that can be used to incorporate evolutionary constraints, which helped us to identify the most likely macromolecular binding modes. These strategies include template‐based modeling where only local adjustments should be applied when query‐template sequence identity is above 30% and larger perturbations are needed below this threshold; covariation‐based structure prediction for individual protein partners; and the identification of evolutionarily conserved and structurally recurrent anchoring interface motifs. Overall, we submitted correct predictions among the top 5 models for 12 out of 19 interface challenges, including four High‐ and five Medium‐quality predictions. Our top 20 models included correct predictions for three out of the five targets we missed in the top 5, including two targets for which misleading biological data led us to downgrade correct free docking models.
Multiple doses of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells induce immunosuppression in experimental asthma
Authors: Castro Ligia L. , Kitoko Jamil Z. , Xisto Debora G. , Olsen Priscilla C. , Guedes Herbert L. M. , Morales Marcelo M. , Lopes-Pacheco Miquéias , Cruz Fernanda F. , Rocco Patricia R. M.
Published: November 2019

In experimental house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma, therapeutic administration of a single dose of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) ameliorates lung inflammation but is unable to reverse remodeling. We hypothesized that multiple doses of MSCs might exert better therapeutic effects by reducing lung inflammation and remodeling but might also result in immunosuppressive effects in experimental asthma. HDM was administered intranasally in C57BL/6 mice. After the last HDM challenge, mice received two or three doses of MSCs (105 cells per day) or saline intravenously. An additional cohort of mice received dexamethasone as a positive control for immunosuppression. Two and three doses of MSCs reduced lung inflammation, levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and eotaxin; total leukocyte, CD4+ T-cell, and eosinophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; and total leukocyte counts in bone marrow, spleen, and mediastinal lymph nodes. Two and three doses of MSCs also reduced collagen fiber content and transforming growth factor-β levels in lung tissue; however, the three-dose regimen was more effective, and reduced these parameters to control levels, while also decreasing α-actin content in lung tissue. Two and three doses of MSCs improved lung mechanics. Dexamethasone, two and three doses of MSCs similarly increased galectin levels, but only the three-dose regimen increased CD39 levels in the thymus. Dexamethasone and the three-dose, but not the two-dose regimen, also increased levels of programmed death receptor-1 and IL-10, while reducing CD4+CD8low cell percentage in the thymus. In conclusion, multiple doses of MSCs reduced lung inflammation and remodeling while causing immunosuppression in HDM-induced allergic asthma.

Significance statement Although a single dose of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) administered therapeutically was unable to ameliorate lung remodeling in house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma, multiple doses of MSCs effectively reduced both lung inflammation and remodeling, while improving lung mechanics. Nevertheless, multiple doses of MSCs also resulted in immunosuppressive effects. This should be taken into account for future clinical trials in patients with severe asthma.
Purely Elastic Fluid–Structure Interactions in Microfluidics: Implications for Mucociliary Flows
Authors: Hopkins Cameron C. , Haward Simon J. , Shen Amy Q.
Published: November 2019

Fluid–structure interactions lie at the heart of the complex, and often highly coordinated, motions of actively driven microscale biological systems (e.g., translating cilia, flagella, and motile cells). Due to the highly viscoelastic nature of most relevant biological fluids and the small length scales involved, the viscous and inertial forces in such flows are dominated by elasticity. However, elastic effects are often overlooked in studies seeking to address phenomena like the synchronization of beating cilia. In this study, unique microfluidic experiments are presented to demonstrate that inertia‐free viscoelastic flows can lead to highly regular beating of an immersed (passive) flexible structure, herein named “purely‐elastic” fluid–structure interaction. It is also shown how two such flexible structures can achieve an extraordinary degree of synchronization, with a correlation coefficient approaching unity. The synchronization is a result of the generation of localized elastic stresses in the fluid that effectively link the two objects. These purely elastic interactions may be important to consider toward developing a complete understanding of the motions of microscale biological systems.
Science identity trajectories throughout school visits to a science museum
Authors: Shaby Neta , Vedder‐Weiss Dana
Published: November 2019

Research has repeatedly demonstrated how informal learning environments afford science‐identity development by fostering a broader array of interactions and recognizing more varied participation modes and roles, as compared to the classroom. Thus, science teachers are encouraged to take students to field trips in informal environments, including science museums. However, the question of whether and how informal environments indeed support science identities also in a schooling context (i.e., in field trips) has not yet been explored. This case study addresses this question by analyzing identity trajectories of three students throughout six school visits to an Israeli science museum. We observed and recorded these students in the museum over the course of 3 years (fourth to sixth grade). We also visited their school and interviewed them after each visit. Drawing on a sociocultural interactional approach to identity, we analyzed 18 hr of video and audio recordings, tracking the participation of the three students across time and contexts, comparing between the students, points in time and settings, including structured (museum lab), semi‐structured (riddle‐solving activities in exhibition halls), and unstructured settings (free exploration). We employed linguistic ethnographic methods and microanalysis to examine the ways in which the students participated and their positioning by self and others. While we found differences between settings within the museum, overall, the findings show that the museum reproduced the school's interaction, positioning, and roles. The “(non)science person” in school was also the “(non)science person” in the museum, and thus, the museum visits did not appear to shift identity trajectories. These findings challenge the premise that informal environments support the development of science identities also in a schooling context and call for a more critical view of such fieldtrips in terms of their pedagogical and physical design, facilitation approach, and consideration of peers' social interaction.
One-loop determinants for black holes in 4d gauged supergravity
Authors: Hristov Kiril , Lodato Ivano , Reys Valentin
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We continue the effort of defining and evaluating the quantum entropy function for supersymmetric black holes in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauged supergravity, initiated in [1]. The emphasis here is on the missing steps in the previous localization analysis, mainly dealing with one-loop determinants for abelian vector multiplets and hypermultiplets on the non-compact space ℍ2× Σg with particular boundary conditions. We use several different techniques to arrive at consistent results, which have a most direct bearing on the logarithmic correction terms to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of said black holes.
Predicting knottiness of Scots pine stems for quality bucking
Authors: Mäkinen Harri , Korpunen Heikki , Raatevaara Antti , Heikkinen Jere , Alatalo Juha , Uusitalo Jori
Published: November 2019

Stem shapes and wood properties are typically unknown at the time of harvesting. To date, approaches that integrate information about past tree growth into the harvesting and bucking process are rarely used. New models were developed and their potential demonstrated for stem bucking procedures for cut-to-length harvesters that integrate information about external and internal stem characteristics detected during harvesting. In total 221 stems were sampled from nine Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) stands in Finland. The widths of rings 11−20 from the pith were measured using images taken from the end face of each butt log. The total volume of knots in each whorl was measured by using a 4D X-ray log scanner. In addition, 13 stems were test sawn, and the diameters of individual knots were measured from the sawn boards. A model system was developed for predicting the horizontal diameter of the thickest knot for each whorl along a stem. The first submodel predicts the knot volume profile from the stem base upwards, and the second submodel converts the predicted knot volume to maximum knot diameter. The results showed that the knottiness of stems of a given size may vary greatly depending on their early growth rate. The developed system will be used to guide logging operations to achieve more profitable bucking procedures.
Peridynamic model for visco-hyperelastic material deformation in different strain rates
Authors: Huang Yunke , Oterkus Selda , Hou Hong , Oterkus Erkan , Wei Zhengyu , Zhang Shuai
Published: November 2019

This study presents a peridynamic (PD) constitutive model for visco-hyperelastic materials under homogenous deformation. The constitutive visco-hyperelastic model is developed in terms of Yeoh strain energy density function and Prony series. The material parameters in the model are identified by optimizing the classical stress–strain relation and tension test data for different strain rates. The peridynamic visco-hyperelastic force density function is proposed in terms of the peridynamic integral and the Yeoh strain energy density. The time-dependent behaviour for different strain rates is captured by numerical time integration representing the material parameters. The explicit form of peridynamic equation of motion is then constructed to analyse the deformation of visco-hyperelastic membranes. The numerical results concern the deformation and damage prediction for a polyurea membrane and membrane-type acoustic metamaterial with inclusions under homogenous loading. Different surface defects are considered in the simulation. The peridynamic predictions are verified by comparing with finite element analysis results.
Advanced Modeling to Predict Pneumonia in Combat Trauma Patients
Authors: Bradley Matthew , Dente Christopher , Khatri Vivek , Schobel Seth , Lisboa Felipe , Shi Audrey , Hensman Hannah , Kirk Allan , Buchman Timothy G. , Elster Eric
Published: November 2019

Background

Tools to assist clinicians in predicting pneumonia could lead to a significant decline in morbidity. Therefore, we sought to develop a model in combat trauma patients for identifying those at highest risk of pneumonia.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of 73 primarily blast‐injured casualties with combat extremity wounds. Binary classification models for pneumonia prediction were developed with measurements of injury severity from the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), transfusion blood products received before arrival at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC), and serum protein levels. Predictive models were generated with leave‐one‐out‐cross‐validation using the variable selection method of backward elimination (BE) and the machine learning algorithms of random forests (RF) and logistic regression (LR). BE was attempted with two predictor sets: (1) all variables and (2) serum proteins alone.

Results

Incidence of pneumonia was 12% (n = 9). Different variable sets were produced by BE when considering all variables and just serum proteins alone. BE selected the variables ISS, AIS chest, and cryoprecipitate within the first 24 h following injury for the first predictor set 1 and FGF‐basic, IL‐2R, and IL‐6 for predictor set 2. Using both variable sets, a RF was generated with AUCs of 0.95 and 0.87—both higher than LR algorithms.

Conclusion

Advanced modeling allowed for the identification of clinical and biomarker data predictive of pneumonia in a cohort of predominantly blast‐injured combat trauma patients. The generalizability of the models developed here will require an external validation dataset.
Short-wave diathermy in the clinical management of musculoskeletal disorders: a pilot observational study
Authors: Masiero Stefano , Pignataro Andrea , Piran Giovanni , Duso Miriam , Mimche Patrice , Ermani Mario , Del Felice Alessandra
Published: November 2019

Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common cause of pain and functional limitation in the general population. The study aim was  to evaluate short-wave diathermy (SWD) effects on pain and quality of life in people with musculoskeletal disorders. Eighty participants (31 men, mean age 56 ± 12.49 years) were enrolled, recruiting from outpatient clinics at the Rehabilitation Unit, University Hospital, Padova. Inclusion criteria were pain lasting more than 15 days, pain visual analog scale (VAS) score higher than 50/100 mm, and a diagnosis of osteoarthritis, neck/back pain, or tendinopathies. All participants underwent ten sessions of percutaneous SWD, 3 times/week. Each session lasted 15–20 min, with frequencies of 4 or 8 MHz and heat intensity between 40 and 60 W. Outcomes were assessed before and after treatment. Primary outcome was pain reduction, evaluated by short form McGill pain questionnaire, which includes VAS and present pain intensity (PPI). Secondary outcome was improvement in social and work-related activity limitations. Participants were grouped based on classification of pain [nociceptive and neuropathic pain (group A) vs nociceptive only (group B)]. VAS and PPI improved significantly (p < 0.01). No difference in pain reduction (VAS and PPI) emerged between the groups. Limitations due to pain in work-related and non-work-related activities decreased (p < 0.01); use of pain medications was reduced at T1 vs T0 (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that SWD is effective in reducing musculoskeletal pain in the short term, providing relief and improving quality of life.
Frequent physical activity is associated with reduced risk of severe diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes
Authors:   the FinnDiane Study Group, Tikkanen-Dolenc Heidi , Wadén Johan , Forsblom Carol , Harjutsalo Valma , Thorn Lena M. , Saraheimo Markku , Elonen Nina , Hietala Kustaa , Summanen Paula , Tikkanen Heikki O. , Groop Per-Henrik
Published: November 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate whether leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with the development of severe diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

Prospective observational analysis as part of the Finnish diabetic nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study with a mean follow-up time of 10.7 years was performed. A total of 1612 individuals with type 1 diabetes were recruited, and LTPA was assessed at baseline using a validated self-report questionnaire. Severe diabetic retinopathy was defined as the initiation of laser treatment due to severe nonproliferative, proliferative retinopathy or diabetic maculopathy (identified from the Care Register for Health Care).

Results

A total of 261 patients received laser treatment during the follow-up. Higher frequency of LTPA was associated with a lower incidence of severe diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.024), a finding that remained significant after adjustment for gender, duration, age at onset of diabetes, kidney function, BMI, triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. However, when HbA1cand smoking were added to the Cox regression model the association was no more significant.

Conclusions

Frequent LTPA is associated with a lower incidence of severe diabetic retinopathy during the follow-up. The total amount or the other components of LTPA (intensity or duration of a single session) were not associated with severe diabetic retinopathy.
Production and characterisation of activated carbon and carbon nanotubes from potato peel waste and their application in heavy metal removal.
Authors: Osman Ahmed I. , Blewitt Jacob , Abu-Dahrieh Jehad K. , Farrell Charlie , Al-Muhtaseb Ala’a H. , Harrison John , Rooney David W.
Published: November 2019

Herein, activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesised from potato peel waste (PPW). Different ACs were synthesised via two activation steps: firstly, with phosphoric acid (designated PP) and then using potassium hydroxide (designated PK). The AC produced after the two activation steps showed a surface area as high as 833 m2 g−1 with a pore volume of 0.44 cm3 g−1, where the raw material of PPW showed a surface area < 4 m2 g−1. This can help aid and facilitate the concept of the circular economy by effectively up-cycling and valorising waste lignocellulosic biomass such as potato peel waste to high surface area AC and subsequently, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Consequently, MWCNTs were prepared from the produced AC by mixing it with the nitrogen-based material melamine and iron precursor, iron (III) oxalate hexahydrate. This produced hydrophilic multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a water contact angle of θ = 14.97 °. Both AC and CNT materials were used in heavy metal removal (HMR) where the maximum lead absorption was observed for sample PK with a 84% removal capacity after the first hour of testing. This result signifies that the synthesis of these up-cycled materials can have applications in areas such as wastewater treatment or other conventional AC/CNT end uses with a rapid cycle time in a two-fold approach to improve the eco-friendly synthesis of such value-added products and the circular economy from a significant waste stream, i.e., PPW.
Understanding interactions between urban development policies and GHG emissions: A case study in Stockholm Region
Authors: Pan Haozhi , Page Jessica , Zhang Le , Cong Cong , Ferreira Carla , Jonsson Elisie , Näsström Helena , Destouni Georgia , Deal Brian , Kalantari Zahra
Published: November 2019

Human-induced urban growth and sprawl have implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that may not be included in conventional GHG accounting methods. Improved understanding of this issue requires use of interactive, spatial-explicit social–ecological systems modeling. This paper develops a comprehensive approach to modeling GHG emissions from urban developments, considering Stockholm County, Sweden as a case study. GHG projections to 2040 with a social–ecological system model yield overall greater emissions than simple extrapolations in official climate action planning. The most pronounced difference in emissions (39% higher) from energy use single-residence buildings resulting from urban sprawl. And this difference is not accounted for in the simple extrapolations. Scenario results indicate that a zoning policy, restricting urban development in certain areas, can mitigate 72% of the total emission effects of the model-projected urban sprawl. The study outcomes include a decision support interface for communicating results and policy implications with policymakers.
Suitability of aluminum material on sugar industry wastewater with chemical and electrochemical treatment processes
Authors: Sahu Omprakash
Published: November 2019

Aluminum is a valuable material, which can be used for water and wastewater treatment. It exists in metal as well as in salt form. The efficiency of water and wastewater treatment depends upon the technology applied to treat. Sugarcane industry is coming under those industries which have a large amount of freshwater and release large amount of effluent. The goal of this research work is to study the behavior of aluminum metal and salt for the treatment of sugar industry wastewater on chemical oxidation and electrochemical oxidation. The effect of pH, dosing, temperature and catalysis on metal and salt has been also studied with both treatment methods. The results show that maximum 90% of chemical oxygen demand and 94% of color removal can be achieved with an aluminum electrode (electrocoagulation) at optimum conditions, pH 7, current density 178 A/m2, electrode distance 20 mm, and salt solution 0.5 M NaCl. In the same way, 81% chemical oxygen demand and 85% color removal were achieved with alum for the 0.5 M lime solution, at 50 mM mass loading, 21 °C operating temperature and optimum pH of 7, respectively. The sludge generated after treatment was also analyzed with settling filtration, thermal, FTIR and SEM.
A research framework for cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease among diverse US Latinos: Design and implementation of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos—Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA)
Authors: González Hector M. , Tarraf Wassim , Fornage Myriam , González Kevin A. , Chai Albert , Youngblood Marston , de los Angeles Abreu Maria , Zeng Donglin , Thomas Sonia , Talavera Gregory A. , Gallo Linda C. , Kaplan Robert , Daviglus Martha L. , Schneiderman Neil
Published: November 2019

Hispanics/Latinos are the largest ethnic/racial group in the United States and at high risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD). Yet, ADRD among diverse Latinos is poorly understood and disparately understudied or unstudied compared to other ethnic/racial groups that leave the nation ill‐prepared for major demographic shifts that lay ahead in coming decades. The primary purpose of this Perspectives article was to provide a new research framework for advancing Latino ADRD knowledge, encompassing the unique sociocultural, cardiometabolic, and genomic aspects of Latino health, aging, and ADRD. In addition, we describe some of the research challenges to progress in Latino ADRD research. Finally, we present the Study of Latinos – Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA) as an example of implementing this new framework for advancing Latino ADRD research.
A Reconsideration of Michelangelo's Unrealised Façade for the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence
Authors: Stine Darin
Published: November 2019

This article reconsiders Michelangelo's unrealised façade project for the church of San Lorenzo in Florence. While surviving evidence, particularly the extant wooden model preserved today in the Casa Buonarroti, gives a good indication of the façade's planned appearance, we are still unclear about how Michelangelo intended it to attach to the church. By reassessing surviving graphic and written sources for the commission, the article argues for a reconstruction of Michelangelo's design as a narthex. It draws further support from an analysis of the intended building site on Piazza San Lorenzo, which, due to its restricted space, suggests that only a narthex construction was possible. By envisaging the façade of the church as a narthex, Michelangelo may have intended it to function as a focal point for religious and civic ceremonies that took place in the piazza.
‘A Matter of Practical Emergency’: Herbert Baker, Hope Bagenal, and the Acoustic Legacy of the Assembly Chamber in Imperial Delhi
Authors: Smyth Fiona
Published: November 2019

In 1923, at the request of the government of India, the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) in Britain authorised a specialist research stream. Its purpose was to investigate problems in architectural acoustics specifically related to the new Assembly Chamber then under construction in Imperial Delhi. The design, by Sir Herbert Baker, was unusual for its era in that it was refined with recourse to measured data and calculations with a basis in modern physics. The acoustician, or ‘consulting architect’, was Hope Bagenal, and his appointment by Baker in 1922 marked the first international commission of a British acoustic consultant. This article examines the acoustic design of the Assembly Chamber in Delhi and identifies the inputs of the various individuals, both architects and scientists, involved. Drawing on the archives of Baker and Bagenal, the records of the DSIR and the Guastavino Company, as well as contemporaneous newspaper coverage, it also demonstrates the longer-term implications of the design and construction process at Delhi, including its role in stimulating subsequent government-funded research in architectural acoustics in Britain.
Sweet Geometry: Edward Reynolds at the Architectural Association, 1956–58
Authors: Franklin Geraint
Published: November 2019

This article considers the position of the Anglo-Portuguese architect Edward Reynolds (1926–59) in the British avant-garde of the 1950s. InModern Architecture: A Critical History(1980), Kenneth Frampton suggested that Reynolds's student projects at the Architectural Association in London ‘exerted a decisive influence on the development of Brutalism’. This article scrutinises that claim through the lens of Reynolds's interactions with his peers, including the so-called French House group, an informal network that included his tutors John Killick, James Gowan and Peter Smithson. Notable characteristics of Reynolds's work — chiefly the use of complex and irregular geometries to articulate patterns of activity and movement — are discussed, as are contemporary projects by other members of the group and trends such as the New Brutalism, biomimicry and the revival of pre-war strands of Modernism.
All Roof, No Wall: Peter Boston, A-Frames and the Primitive Hut in Twentieth-Century British Architecture,c.1890–1970
Authors: McKellar Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

A very particular type of modern house in Britain — A-frames of the 1950s and 1960s — emerged from a much longer history of British and Scandinavian-German primitivism centred on the cruck-frame. This article focuses on a small number of architect-designed examples and introduces one of the main proponents of the type, Peter Boston (1918–99). The tension between the A-frame's familiarity as a universal dwelling type and its adoption as a signifier of modernity is a central theme. In the British twentieth-century context, the ‘modern’ included a strong vernacular element, and the new A-frames, which formed part of the ‘timber revival’ of the 1950s and 1960s, were informed by a long-standing interest in the history of cruck-framed construction from the Arts and Crafts onwards, which in turn was part of a wider pan-north European building culture.
Candidate radio supernova remnants observed by the GLEAM survey over 345° <l< 60° and 180° <l< 240°
Authors: Hurley-Walker N. , Gaensler B. M. , Leahy D. A. , Filipović M. D. , Hancock P. J. , Franzen T. M. O. , Offringa A. R. , Callingham J. R. , Hindson L. , Wu C. , Bell M. E. , For B.-Q. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kapińska A. D. , Morgan J. , Murphy T. , McKinley B. , Procopio P. , Staveley-Smith L. , Wayth R. B. , Zheng Q.
Published: November 2019

We examined the latest data release from the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey covering 345° <l< 60° and 180° <l< 240°, using these data and that of theWidefield Infrared Survey Explorerto follow up proposed candidate Supernova Remnant (SNR) from other sources. Of the 101 candidates proposed in the region, we are able to definitively confirm ten as SNRs, tentatively confirm two as SNRs, and reclassify five as Hiiregions. A further two are detectable in our images but difficult to classify; the remaining 82 are undetectable in these data. We also investigated the 18 unclassified Multi-Array Galactic Plane Imaging Survey (MAGPIS) candidate SNRs, newly confirming three as SNRs, reclassifying two as Hiiregions, and exploring the unusual spectra and morphology of two others.
Access to Information under the Nigerian Freedom of Information Act, 2011: Challenges to Implementation and the Rhetoric of Radical Change
Authors: Nwoke Uchechukwu
Published: November 2019

Information is essential for the functioning of modern societies. Access to information denotes the right of citizens to obtain information regarding how they are governed. In 2011, Nigeria enacted the Freedom of Information Act, to ensure openness and transparency in public governance. This article evaluates the extent to which the legislation has strengthened the right of access to information in Nigeria. Through analysis of the provisions of the act and some decided cases, the article argues that challenges, both in the act's provisions and in its enforcement by the courts, have resulted in a “blunted” law that lacks the capacity to satisfy the people's expectations on the right of access to public information. Drawing on the experience of other jurisdictions where similar laws are operative (notably South Africa and India), the article suggests ways through which the implementation of the act could be made more effective.
Environmental unpredictability, economic inequality, and dynamic nature of life history before, during, and after the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Chen Bin-Bin , Han Wen
Published: November 2019

It is emphasized that environmental predictability is another important condition that plays roles in slow strategies that are related to innovation; that economic inequality, except as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, influences innovation; and that switching global life history from a slow to a fast strategy is a response adopted in response to new challenges during the post-Industrial Revolution period.
Life History Theory and the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Blute Marion
Published: November 2019

The most general theory of life history evolution, that of r versus K selection, implies that innovation in the form of plasticity is more likely to be adaptive under poor rather than good resource conditions, the opposite of how Baumard has it. However, this does focus on benefits rather than costs, and including both allows for greater diversity of outcomes.
Energy, transport, and consumption in the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Tainter Joseph A. , Taylor Temis G.
Published: November 2019

We question Baumard's underlying assumption that humans have a propensity to innovate. Affordable transportation and energy underpinned the Industrial Revolution, making mass production/consumption possible. Although we cannot accept Baumard's thesis on the Industrial Revolution, it may help explain why complexity and innovation increase rapidly in the context of abundant energy.