bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Created Environment: Evolution of a Neuman Systems Model Concept
Authors: McDowell Betsy M. , Beckman Sarah , Fawcett Jacqueline
Published: December 2022

In this essay, we trace the evolution of the definition of the Neuman systems model concept of created environment from its inception in 1989. The created environment is one of three categories of environment in the Neuman systems model; the other two are the internal environment and the external environment. The most recent definition of created environment is offered in this essay as the following: The created environment is a synthesis of the internal and external environments that encompasses the client system’s ever-changing awareness of the physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual variables, and the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal stressors as beneficial or noxious. As a protective shield, the created environment represents the client system’s perceptions and understanding of what is real and what is safe, as discussed with the nurse.
Appreciating Nursing as a Basic Human Science
Authors: Doe Mi Jin
Published: December 2022

The author here introduces Graham McCaffrey’s Nursing and Humanities, exploring the relevance of nursing and humanities and contemplating the significance of nursing science as a human science.
Mathematical model and deviation analysis of machining cutters for internal gears with double contact points
Authors: Liang Dong , Zhao Weicheng , Chen Yongpeng , Meng Sheng
Published: December 2022

An internal meshing gear pair that includes double contact points is proposed by the authors. For further performance evaluation and engineering application, special machining cutters for generating tooth surfaces are studied in this paper. General formulas and mathematical models of tooth surfaces of the hobbing cutter for the pinion are derived based on the actual tooth profile. Solid models of the three-dimensional hobbing cutter are established and calculation formulas of deviation conditions between the ideal tooth surface and the generated tooth surface are deduced. Deviation analysis considering the parameters of helical angle and pitch circle radius is discussed. Numerical simulations of the hobbing process are also carried out. While for the internal gear, tooth profile of skiving cutter is designed and forming formulas of tooth surfaces of the skiving cutter are derived. Solid models of the three-dimensional cutter are established, and the deviation calculation method of tooth surfaces is also provided. The research results lay the essential theoretical foundations and engineering analysis for practical applications of the new internal gears.
Nonlinear dynamics of asymmetrically supported supercritical rotor equipped with a dry friction damper
Authors: Wang Dan , Song Liyao , Cao Peng , Zhu Rupeng
Published: December 2022

To suppress the excessive transcritical vibration of a supercritical rotor, dry friction damper is a popular choice especially in rotorcraft and aero-engine design. In the current work, we focus on the nonlinear dynamics of asymmetrically supported supercritical rotor equipped with a dry friction damper and the influence of support asymmetry on damper’s performance. Governing equations of the rotor/damper system, which fully consider the nonlinear rub-impact and side dry friction effects, are derived. Typical results of symmetrically supported rotor/damper systems are firstly demonstrated and quantitatively compared with experimental counterparts to confirm the predicting capability of the nonlinear dry friction damper model. Afterward, influences of asymmetric direct stiffness and skew-symmetric cross-coupling stiffness are discussed. It is found that direct stiffness asymmetry deteriorates the transcritical vibration attenuation capability of the damper but reduces the width of transcritical region. For system with a severer direct stiffness asymmetry, a larger pre-tightening force is suggested to be imposed. Besides, unstable self-excited vibration induced by skew-symmetric cross-coupling stiffness is found to be well-limited by the dry friction damper within entire interested rotational speed range. Moreover, during critical speed transition, the self-excited frequency component is completely suppressed.
Investigation on fluid jet polishing of AISI H13 die steel using a single nozzle tool
Authors: Choudhary Shubham , Duvedi Ravinder Kumar , Saini Jaswinder Singh
Published: December 2022

The fluid jet polishing (FJP) is an ultra-precision and non-contact type polishing process for generating high-quality surface finish in automotive dies manufactured from ductile materials like AISI H13 die steel. This paper presents a study on FJP polishing of AISI H13 die steel material using a custom-designed 3D-printed Ti6Al4V (Ti64) nozzle and silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive slurry. The study presents an effect of pressure, stand-off distance and polishing time on the surface finish while using water-based abrasive slurry mixed with water-soluble cutting oil. The Central Composite Design (CCD) method was used to develop the experimental plan. ANOVA analysis was performed to develop a regression model and find the contribution of each parameter on the percentage change in surface roughness. The regression model developed for the FJP process was validated by polishing the plate specimen of AISI H13 having [Formula: see text] average initial surface roughness with the optimized parameters; pressure of [Formula: see text], stand-off distance of [Formula: see text] and polishing time of [Formula: see text]. The optimized FJP parameters were able to generate the surface roughness of [Formula: see text] in one of the confirmation tests. The results of percentage change in surface roughness obtained from the confirmation experiments were found to be very close to the predicted results which validated the regression model developed for polishing of AISI H13 using FJP process. In addition, the optimal feed rate of 20 mm/min was used to polish [Formula: see text]plate made of AISI H13, the surface roughness was reduced from 500 nm to 130 nm in 99.2 min showing the reduction in peaks and valleys with surface improvement of 74% which results in enhanced polishing efficiency.
Railway ballast fouling, inspection, and solutions - A review
Authors: Liu Guixian , Yang Fei , Wang Shilei , Jing Guoqing , Nateghi Yekta
Published: December 2022

Ballast fouling occurs when the voids of granular particles are wholly or partially filled by fine particles. Railway ballast fouling is always an inevitable issue related to railway performance and safety in ballasted tracks. This paper presents an overview of the railway ballast fouling mechanism, current works, perspective, and innovation. The paper first reviews the fouling mechanism with different fouling sources and their influence, followed by the fouling indices. Then, fouling inspection methods are reviewed, and the ground penetrating radar is highlighted due to its high efficiency and accuracy. The proposed solutions, including rehabilitation, prevention, reinforcement, and stabilization in the ballasted track, are introduced. Additionally, several perspectives and works for the future are mentioned. Ballast cleaning is a thorough and effective treatment. Ground-penetrating radar inspection and proper evaluation can provide a preview and perspective on ballast cleaning determination.
Effects of temperature and humidity on railhead friction levels
Authors: Folorunso Morinoye O , Lewis Roger , Lanigan Joseph L
Published: December 2022

This paper explores the research gap involving the links between railhead temperature, relative humidity, and coefficient of friction (adhesion level) at the wheel/rail interface as found on track across the UK. Existing work done in this field has mostly been carried out in laboratories which limits variation of environmental conditions. Weather and friction data were collected from different sites across England, generating a real representation of the railhead conditions. Correlations were established between the environmental dataset and the railhead friction to give a greater insight into the mechanisms of low adhesion and when low adhesion can be expected to take place. This can provide an avenue to better predict the occurrence of low adhesion in the wheel/rail interface, therefore improving safety within the rail network. Results from the data analysis showed that high humidity conditions, independent of the railhead temperature, reduces the adhesion level on the railhead. Showing that low adhesion can occur in warmer temperatures, such as those typically experienced in early autumn where there is high relative humidity.
Investigating the Determinants of Female Child Labour: An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Analysis
Authors: Yadav Sushma , Gill Angrej Singh , Narwana Kamlesh , Gupta Sanjay
Published: December 2022

This exploratory article, on the basis of a comprehensive field survey, identifies and empirically examines the various key quantitative and qualitative determinants of female child labour in Haryana (India). These factors have been examined on three broader parameters, viz. economic, sociocultural and institutional by way of using a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique, called the analytic hierarchy process model. The analysis clearly establishes that while the economic dynamics are certainly the elementary drivers of the supply of female child labour, this phenomenon is also attributed, and that too up to a significant extent, to several area-specific sociocultural factors, which are many times ignored. The study finds that three sub-criteria, viz. inadequate annual adult earnings, patriarchy and alcoholism have emerged as major sub-factors in this context. The outcomes of this study have several connotations, both for mitigation of the problem of female child labour as well as further research in this area. The government may emphasise more appropriate strategies like the improvements in labour market outcomes for socio-economically underprivileged sections, restraining alcoholism as well as creating awareness among the masses for bringing changes in the state’s orthodox cultural norms with regard to the girl children and child labour.
Intraosseous Ganglion Cyst of the Talus Treated With Curettage and Bone Grafting Through a Medial Malleolus Osteotomy
Authors: Jamshidi Khodamorad , Kargar Shooroki Khalil , Sharifi Dalooei Seyyed Mohammad Ata , Mirzaei Alireza
Published: December 2022

Background:

Intraosseous ganglion cyst (IGC) of the talus is a rare entity. There is no consensus regarding the best surgical approach to the talus. In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of curettage and bone grafting of the talus IGC via medial malleolus osteotomy.

Methods:

Seventeen patients with talus IGC who were treated between 2002 and 2020 using curettage and bone grafting through a medial malleolus osteotomy were included. The outcome measures were ankle range of motion (ROM), pain, and function. The ankle pain was evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS). The ankle function was evaluated by the Toronto extremity salvage score (TESS) and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score.

Results:

The study population included 10 men and 7 women with a mean age of 34.9 ± 18.8 years and a mean follow-up of 5.4 ± 3 years. The mean size of the lesion was 2.6 ± 0.8 cm. Postoperatively, mean ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion were 19.4 ± 5.8 degrees and 36.7 ± 5.3 degrees, respectively. The mean VAS was 0.9 ± 1.1. The mean MSTS score and TESS were 96.2 ± 3.5 and 94.5 ± 4.1, respectively. Two patients developed ankle osteoarthritis after 3 years (1 stage I and 1 stage II). One of these patients (stage II) also had recurrence after 6 months (recurrence rate: 6.7%).

Conclusion:

Talus IGC could be adequately managed with curettage and bone grafting through a medial malleolus osteotomy. Even so, mild pain and reduced ankle ROM remain in some patients.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective cohort study.
Judicial Dilemmas of Female Domestic Violence Victims: An Empirical Study Based on Chinese Civil Judgments in 2020
Authors: Gao Fang
Published: December 2022

Women are the primary victims of domestic violence, but their experiences are often ignored in Chinese judicial judgments. Among 350 Chinese civil judgments on domestic violence in 2020, more than 96% involved female victims, and they faced various judicial dilemmas when seeking civil remedies. The court confirmed the existence of domestic violence in 26% of the cases, and 27% of applications for personal safety protection orders were rejected. More than two-thirds of female plaintiffs’ divorce applications were not approved, and they received no compensation. This study analyzed the cause of these judicial dilemmas and proposed some solutions.
Critical appraisal of clinical guidelines for prevention and management of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Moustafa Iman , Viljoen Michelle , Perumal-Pillay Velisha Ann , Oosthuizen Frasia
Published: December 2022

Objective

Doxorubicin is a valuable chemotherapeutic drug; however, it is associated with a high risk of cardiotoxicity. Several institutions and organizations have developed guidelines for risk factor assessment, monitoring and prevention strategies against chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. This review aimed to assess the quality of current practice guidelines, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II). This tool was used to compare the recommendations with regards to their strength and evidence recommendations were based on.

Data Sources

This review identified guidelines in literature from January 1960 to February 6, 2022, through a systematic search that included PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Database and Google Scholar. The quality, consistency and the strength of supporting evidence was evaluated using the AGREE II method.

Data Summary

Eight guidelines met the inclusion criteria and 144 recommendations were extracted from these guidelines. The results from the AGREE II evaluation showed that the total assessment scores of guidelines ranged from 2 to 5, indicating the guidelines need modifications. The recommendations were evaluated according to the references used, and it was found that 12 (11%) recommendations had high evidence, 36 (33%) had moderate evidence, 38 (35.19%) had low and 22 (20.37%) had insufficient evidence. Recommendations for risk factors assessment, prophylaxis of cardiotoxicity, management of cardiotoxicity and monitoring of cardiotoxicity were quite varied amongst the different guidelines evaluated.

Conclusions

All studied guidelines need modifications as per the AGREE II evaluating tool. Several shortcomings were identified, including a lack of evidence-based studies supporting the recommendations in the guidelines.
Patterns of Interferon γ Expression and C4d Deposition in Chronic Intervillositis of Unknown Etiology
Authors: Terry Jefferson
Published: December 2022

The pathogenesis of chronic intervillositis of unknown etiology (CIUE) may involve IFNγ overexpression. This study assesses the extent of IFNγ expression in CIUE by immunohistochemistry and compares it to spontaneous pregnancy losses. C4d deposition is also assessed to see whether IFNγ and C4d might represent separate diagnostic categories. Placenta from first to early second trimester with high grade CIUE (CHG; 17 cases) and low grade CIUE (CLG; 12 cases) is compared to euploid (SPLN; 18 cases), aneuploid spontaneous pregnancy losses (SPLA, 17 cases), normal placenta (NP, 13 cases). Protein level expression of IFNγ and C4d is assessed on whole tissue sections by immunohistochemistry. 35% of CHG and 42% of CLG show some level of IFNγ expression localized to the luminal surface of syncytiotrophoblast. 12% of SPLA and no SPLN or NP cases are IFNγ positive. C4d deposition is seen in 100% of CIUE, 88% of SPLA, 83% of SPLN, and 46% of NP samples. IFNγ overexpression occurs in approximately 40% of CIUE-related pregnancy losses. IFNγ expression restricted to a subgroup of CIUE implies that IFNγ may define a distinct disease process. The non-discriminatory pattern of C4d deposition suggests it is a non-specific phenomenon possibly related to placental damage.
Review Research as Scientific Inquiry
Authors: Kunisch Sven , Denyer David , Bartunek Jean M. , Menz Markus , Cardinal Laura B.
Published: December 2022

This article and the related Feature Topic at Organizational Research Methods were motivated by the concern that despite the bourgeoning number and diversity of review articles, there was a lack of guidance on how to produce rigorous and impactful literature reviews. In this article, we introduce review research as a class of research inquiries that uses prior research as data sources to develop knowledge contributions for academia, practice and policy. We first trace the evolution of review research both outside of and within management including the articles published in this Feature Topic, and provide a holistic definition of review research. Then, we argue that in the plurality of forms of review research, the alignment of purpose and methods is crucial for high-quality review research. To accomplish this, we discuss several review purposes and criteria for assessing review research's rigor and impact, and discuss how these and the review methods need to be aligned with its purpose. Our paper provides guidance for conducting or evaluating review research and helps establish review research as a credible and legitimate scientific endeavor.
Dexamethasone intravitreal implant along with femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery in patients with diabetic macular edema and cataract
Authors: Furino Claudio , Niro Alfredo , Reibaldi Michele , Boscia Francesco , Alessio Giovanni
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To assess the safety and efficacy of intraoperative dexamethasone intravitreal (DEX) implant in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) undergoing femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS).

Methods

In this single-center retrospective study, the charts of patients who underwent combined FLACS and DEX implant in the previous three months were reviewed. Primary outcome measures were ocular complications; secondary outcome measures were the change of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT).

Results

20 eyes of 20 patients were included. None developed intraoperative or postoperative complications. Mean BCVA was 20/120 (logMAR, 0.78 ± 0.31) at baseline and improved significantly to 20/63 (logMAR, 0.52 ± 0.24; p = 0.01), 20/58 (LogMAR, 0.48 ± 0.28; p < 0.001) and to 20/58 (LogMAR, 0.48 ± 0.31; p < 0.001) at month 1,2 and 3, respectively. A mean improvement of 0.30 LogMAR was recorded at month 1 and 3. Mean CRT decreased significantly from 416.6 ± 76.1 μm at baseline to 322.4 ± 46.4 μm (p < 0.001), to 300.7 ± 29.7 μm (p < 0.001), and to 319.8 ± 54.7 μm (p < 0.001) at month 1,2 and 3, respectively. Comparing to the 1-month follow-up, the largest mean reduction in CRT (112.4 ± 68.9 µm) was observed at month 2 (p = 0.001). Fourteen patients (70%) had an improvement of CRT over the first 2 months followed by a recurrence of edema at month 3.

Conclusion

DEX implant following FLACS seems to be a safe and effective approach for patients with coexisting cataract and DME.
Real world outcomes of the new Tecnis Eyhance IOL
Authors: Gigon Edward , Bouthour Walid , Panos Georgios D , Pajic Bojan , Massa Horace
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To compare the performance of Tecnis Eyhance ICB00 with Tecnis PCB00 IOL for far, intermediate, and near vision, in patients after bilateral cataract surgery.

Settings

This study was done at Geneva University Hospitals.

Design

This is a retrospective study of 224 eyes that underwent cataract between May 2019 and June 2020.

Methods

Visual acuity was assessed from month 1 to 12 after surgery for distance, intermediate and near visual acuity, by the same optometrist, which was blind regarding the type of IOL. The patients answered to a quality of life questionnaire. Patients were excluded for: monocular surgery, macular disease, other IOL type, or inability to reach 20/20 visual acuity in both eyes without correction.

Results

One hundred and fifty-two eyes were excluded. Three groups were then analyzed: PCB00 group (38 eyes), ICB00 group (22 eyes), and mismatch group (12 eyes). Monocular visual acuities (CIVA, UNVA and CNVA, in logMAR) were higher in the ICB00 group than the PCB00 group (respectively 0.3 vs 0.4, p = 0.0033; 0.3 vs 0.4, p = 0.0408; 0.3 vs 0.4, p = 0.0039). Binocular visual acuities, CIVA and CNVA were higher in the ICB00 group than the PCB00 group (0.2 vs 0.4, p = 0.0061; 0.15 vs 0.3, p = 0.018). This mirrored the findings of the quality of life questionnaire. There was no significant difference between PCB00 and mismatch groups.

Conclusions

the Tecnis Eyhance was more effective for intermediate and near vision. The central defocus of the lens might help patients achieve spectacle independence and better quality of life.
Incidence and clinical significance of fovea plana in the French population with age-related cataract
Authors: Lejoyeux R , Bonnin S , Guindolet D , Jacquiod B , Erol O , Le Mer Y , Jeguirim H , Mauget-Faÿsse M , Tadayoni R
Published: December 2022

Background

Fovea plana is defined as an immature macula diagnosed by OCT, showing the unusual shunt of the inner retinal layers into the fovea. The incidence of fovea plana in the adult population remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of fovea plana in the French population with age-related cataract.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery in Rothschild Foundation Hospital, France, between January and March 2021, with preoperative analyzable OCT scans available, were retrospectively screened in order to determine the incidence of fovea plana in these population. Ophthalmological characteristics of patients were reported, and detailed.

Result

Fovea plana was encountered in 20 out of 204 patients during the 3 months corresponding to an incidence of 9.8%. One of those patients had stage 2 fovea plana.

Conclusion

Although fovea plana is defined as an immature macula, it is not rare in preoperative population. This macular aspect was not associated with poor visual acuity in our cohort.
Unravelling the hip-spine dilemma from the CHECK-cohort: is sagittal pelvic morphology linked to radiographic signs of femoroacetabular impingement?
Authors: van Erp Joost HJ , Gielis Willem-Paul , Arbabi Vahid , de Gast Arthur , Weinans Harrie , Kaas Laurens , Castelein René M , Schlösser Tom PC
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

To date the aetiology of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is still not completely understood. There are mechanical theories that suggest symptomatic FAI is linked to sagittal pelvic morphology and spinopelvic-femoral dynamics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relation of sagittal pelvic morphology and orientation to radiographic signs of FAI. Additionally, we test whether the relation between FAI and spinopelvic parameters differs in osteoarthritic hips.

Methods:

From a prospective, observational cohort study, 1002 patients between 45 and 65 years old with a first episode of knee or hip pain were followed for 8 years. All patients who had lateral lumbar radiographs and clinical and radiographic follow-up of the hips were included in the present study. Range of internal rotation of the hip as well as radiographic signs of FAI (alpha and Wiberg angle) and presence of hip osteoarthritis (Kellgren and Lawrence) were systematically measured at baseline. Pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS)) were measured at 8-year follow-up. Associations between PI, PT, SS and FAI parameters were tested using generalised estimating equations.

Results:

421 subjects, 842 hips, were included. No significant relations between PI, PT or SS and alpha or Wiberg angle were found. Comparison of hips with and without radiological sign(s) of FAI showed no differences in PI, PT or SS. There was no relation between range of internal rotation of the hip and spinopelvic parameters.

Conclusion:

Sagittal pelvic morphology and orientation are not related to the presence of radiological signs of FAI in this study population.
Linking with migrants: The potential of digitally mediated connections to build social capital during crisis
Authors: Ratnam Charishma , Keel Chloe , Wickes Rebecca
Published: December 2022

Migrants rely on social capital when (re)settling in host communities. Connections with organisations are fundamental to developing local ties and accessing services. While scholarship is replete with studies on bonding and bridging ties, little is known about organisations’ ties with migrants. Less is known about how digital technologies facilitate these links. Our article draws on interviews conducted at the onset of the Covid-19 crisis with 23 organisations that support migrants. Our research involved: understanding how digital linking ties were developed; ways that organisations transitioned from in-person to digital engagements during the Covid-19 lockdowns; and how this transition facilitated engagement/reach across migrant communities. Our findings showed that organisations maintained ties with migrants when digital platforms enabled reciprocal engagement. We highlight challenges to creating linking ties largely due to resources constraints. This article contributes nuanced understandings of linking social capital and the impacts of a crisis on the development of social capital.
The Past, Present and Future of Marketing Research in Australia and New Zealand: A Personal Sampler of Some Key Figures
Authors: Roberts John H.
Published: December 2022

The Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy (ANZMAC) and its precursor, the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Marketing Educators Conference (ANZMEC), have been in existence for over a quarter of a century, with ANZMEC being founded in 1996. During that time, many scholars have contributed to research in marketing globally, establishing ANZMAC and its members as significant players internationally. With some of the key founding figures retiring, it is a good time to ensure that the organization’s corporate memory is not lost. In this brief piece I pay tribute to the succeeding waves of scholars who made the Academy the organization that it is today.
Delayed pneumomediastinum following oropharyngeal injury: A report of two pediatric cases
Authors: Aida Yukari , Minamikawa Shogo , Mizuta Mao , Otake Shogo , Nakagishi Yasuo
Published: December 2022

Few reports discuss the severity or course of progression of mediastinal emphysema following oropharyngeal trauma. We report two cases of mediastinal emphysema. The first case was of a 3-year-old girl who fell with a toothbrush in her mouth and the second was of a 10-month boy who tripped with a toy stick in his mouth. These patients were stable on initial examination. However, the patient in case one developed a fever and dysphagia 9 h after injury, and the patient in case two had swelled neck and dyspnea requiring intubation 20 h after injury. Both patients were diagnosed with pneumomediastinum via computed tomography. Therefore, it should be noted that although children with oral trauma appear stable immediately after injury, they may develop delayed mediastinal emphysema.
Fitness Costs of Insecure Romantic Attachment: The Role of Reproductive Motivation and Long-Term Mating
Authors: Međedović Janko , Anđelković Ana , Lukić Jovana
Published: December 2022

Attachment styles are frequently viewed from within the evolutionary conceptual framework; however, their associations with evolutionary fitness are very rarely empirically explored. In the present research ( N = 448), we analyzed the relations between romantic attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and various fitness indicators in Serbian adults: matting patterns (short and long-term mating), reproductive motivation, reproductive success (age of first birth, number of children, and grandchildren), and kin care (care for biological relatives in general and care for children). Congruent negative associations between insecure styles and fitness outcomes were found: this is particularly true for avoidance, which is negatively related to long-term mating, reproductive motivation, number of children, and kin care. Furthermore, the data showed that reproductive motivation and long-term mating may mediate the links between avoidance and the number of children. Anxiety was negatively related to reproductive motivation and the number of children; this attachment style was also negatively associated with care for children, but only in males. The present data suggest that secure romantic bonding may be evolutionary adaptive; the obtained results contradict some evolutionary theories that assume that insecure attachment has some adaptive benefits as well. Findings provide new insights into the role of romantic attachment in the behavioral ecology of pair bonding.
I Want Our Relationship to Last: Strategies That People Employ in Order to Improve Their Intimate Relationships
Authors: Apostolou Menelaos , Argyridou Maria , Nikoloudi Eirini Evaggelia , Lajunen Timo Juhani
Published: December 2022

Intimate relationships are not always easy to keep. Accordingly, the current research has attempted to identify the strategies that people employ in order to improve their relationships with their partners. In particular, by using open-ended questionnaires in a sample of 219 Greek-speaking participants, we have identified 81 acts that people were likely to perform toward this end. Subsequently, using quantitative research methods in a sample of 511 Greek-speaking participants, we classified these acts into 14 broader relationship enhancement strategies. Trying to understand partners' needs, discussing problems with partners and showing more interest in a partner, were among the most likely to be used strategies. Moreover, we asked a sample of 367 Greek-speaking participants to rate how effective these strategies would be on them, and we found that, trying to understand partners' needs, discussing problems with partners, and showing one's love to a partner, were rated as the most effective strategies. Men and women, and people of different ages, were generally in agreement over what strategies they were willing to use, and how effective these strategies would be on improving their relationship with their partners.
Creating a Virtual Network to Support LGBTQIA+ Youth in Rural Settings: Development of Colorado’s Queer Youth Network
Authors: Martinez Daniel , Jansen Noah , Royer Garrett , Kennedy Heather
Published: December 2022

LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, intersex, asexual, and more) youth in rural communities have little to no access to gender or sexuality-affirming support, compared with their peers in the metro areas of Colorado. Without access to support and exposure to bullying or discrimination, many rural LGBTQIA+ youth struggle to find belonging. Staff from One Colorado and the Hub for Justice-centered Youth Engagement partnered to develop Colorado’s Queer Youth Network (CQYN) to foster a virtual community to support rural LGBTQIA+ youth, enhance belonging and acceptance, and feel empowered to make a change in their community. CQYN is offered virtually, every other week during the academic year, to create a consistent safe space for rural LGBTQIA+ youth and to offer opportunities to grow their unique leadership skills and connect with affirming LGBTQIA+ adults. This article highlights the development of the partnership, design of the virtual network, and challenges in recruiting youth who have been pushed to the margins.
Biological Role and Mechanism of Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming Related Gene ECHS1 in Cancer
Authors: Hu Teng , Chen Xiaojing , Lu Simin , Zeng Hao , Guo Lu , Han Yunwei
Published: December 2022

Cancer is a major threat to human health today. Although the existing anticancer treatments have effectively improved the prognosis of some patients, there are still other patients who cannot benefit from these well-established strategies. Reprogramming of lipid metabolism is one of the typical features of cancers. Recent studies have revealed that key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism may be effective anticancer therapeutic targets, but the development of therapeutic lipid metabolism targets is still insufficient. ECHS1 (enoyl-CoA hydratase, short chain 1) is a key enzyme mediating the hydration process of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and has been observed to be abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers. Therefore, with ECHS1 and cancer as the main keywords, we searched the relevant studies of ECHS1 in the field of cancer in Pubmed, summarized the research status and functions of ECHS1 in different cancer contexts, and explored its potential regulatory mechanisms, with a view to finding new therapeutic targets for anti-metabolic therapy. By reviewing and summarizing the retrieved literatures, we found that ECHS1 regulates malignant biological behaviors such as cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, autophagy, and drug resistance by remodeling lipid metabolism and regulating intercellular oncogenic signaling pathways. Not only that, ECHS1 exhibits early diagnostic and prognostic value in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and small-molecule inhibitors that regulate ECHS1 also show therapeutic significance in preclinical studies. Taken together, we propose that ECHS1 has the potential to serve as a therapeutic target of lipid metabolism.
Traditional Herbal Medicine: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Adjuvant Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in the Future
Authors: Huang Jie , Li Jia-Xin , Ma Lin-Rui , Xu Dong-Han , Wang Peng , Li Li-Qi , Yu Li-Li , Li Yu , Li Run-Ze , Zhang Hao , Zheng Yu-Hong , Tang Ling , Yan Pei-Yu
Published: December 2022

Lung carcinoma is the primary reason for cancer-associated mortality, and it exhibits the highest mortality and incidence in developed and developing countries. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and SCLC are the 2 main types of lung cancer, with NSCLC contributing to 85% of all lung carcinoma cases. Conventional treatment mainly involves surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and immunotherapy, but has a dismal prognosis for many patients. Therefore, identifying an effective adjuvant therapy is urgent. Historically, traditional herbal medicine has been an essential part of complementary and alternative medicine, due to its numerous targets, few side effects and substantial therapeutic benefits. In China and other East Asian countries, traditional herbal medicine is increasingly popular, and is highly accepted by patients as a clinical adjuvant therapy. Numerous studies have reported that herbal extracts and prescription medications are effective at combating tumors. It emphasizes that, by mainly regulating the P13K/AKT signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, and the NF-κB signaling pathway, herbal medicine induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. The present review discusses the anti-NSCLC mechanisms of herbal medicines and provides options for future adjuvant therapy in patients with NSCLC.
Response to Hydrocortisone in an Extremely Preterm Neonate With Late-Onset Sepsis, Meningoencephalitis, and Drug-Resistant Seizures
Authors: Eberhard Ralf , Paquette Katryn , Garfinkle Jarred , Myers Kenneth A.
Published: December 2022

Corticosteroids are commonly used in children with bacterial meningitis; however, there are very few data regarding possible utility in neonates, particularly those born premature. We describe our experience using hydrocortisone in the treatment of a girl born at 26 weeks, 6 days gestation. She had suffered profound brain injury following late onset group B streptococcus sepsis and meningitis, and developed drug-resistant seizures. Because seizures continued despite treatment with phenobarbital, phenytoin, levetiracetam, lacosamide, and midazolam, intravenous hydrocortisone was added. We observed a marked decrease in focal electrographic seizures within 2 days of initiation of hydrocortisone. This experience suggests that corticosteroids could be a treatment option for drug-resistant seizures and status epilepticus in preterm neonates, particularly those with bacterial meningitis.
Spine Biomechanics in the Work of Aristotle (384 – 322 BC)
Authors: Tsagkaris Christos , Kalachanis Konstantinos , Widmer Jonas , Farshad Mazda
Published: December 2022

Background: Spine biomechanics is a field of applied research aiming to unravel the biomechanical understanding of the spine and its disorders and to understand the implications of their interventional therapy to improve clinical practice, physical performance and daily living. Its scientific whereabouts can be traced in the work of Aristotle, who discussed physical and biological concepts of spine biomechanics in a series of treatises.

Results: The authors searched the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae archive for original texts written in Greek and attributed to Aristotle and selected excerpts of medical and biological treatises that elaborate on spine biomechanics.

Discussion: While many of his theories have become outdated, his methodology and rationale remain relevant for contemporary researchers and clinicians. Here, the relevant content of passages of the corpus aristotelicum related to spine biomechanics and discuss their practical implications are presented.
Minimally Invasive Central Cannulation for Extracorporeal Life Support: The Uniportal and Subxiphoid Approach
Authors: Durak Koray , Rizk Dana , Emunds Janina , Vorwold Felix , Kalverkamp Sebastian , Steinseifer Ulrich , Strudthoff Lasse , Spillner Jan , Hima Flutura
Published: December 2022

Objective:

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for circulatory and/or respiratory failure is improving. Currently, invasive sternotomies or rib-spreading thoracotomies are used for central cannulation of the heart and great vessels. Although peripheral cannulation of the extremities is often used, this approach may result in immobility and unintentional dislodgement. Less invasive methods for central cannulation are needed to achieve long-term ECLS. The objective of this study was to develop 2 different minimally invasive approaches for central thoracic cannulation.

Methods:

Porcine hearts were positioned in a plastic thoracic model. An endoscopic camera and multiple endoscopic instruments were used. Both access points, uniportal (lateral) and subxiphoidal, were simulatively investigated. A novel cannulation method using purse string sutures, a custom-made endoscopic puncture tool, guidewires, and dilator-assisted cannulas was developed. Simulations were tested in a closed circuit regarding leak tightness.

Results:

The uniportal approach allowed a cannulation of the aorta, inferior vena cava, right atrium, and main pulmonary artery. Cannulation of the right branches of the pulmonary artery and vein was also possible. From the subxiphoid approach, cannulation of the aorta, main pulmonary artery, and both atria were possible. Subsequent evaluation and leakage tests revealed no damage to the surrounding structures and tightly sealed cannulation sites. The uniportal approach was also successfully performed in a human cadaver to connect the aorta and right atrium with cannulas from the subxiphoidal space.

Conclusions:

Both uniportal and subxiphoid central cannulation of potential sites for ECLS were feasible. This study encourages further investigation and potential clinical translation of minimally invasive central organ support.
Surgical Fixation of Jugular Bulb Abnormalities Associated With Phelebectasia in Patients With Vascular Tinnitus
Authors: Soliman Mosaad , Mowafy Khaled , Mustafa Wesam , Elsaadany Nashaat , Soliman Reem
Published: December 2022

Internal jugular phlebectasia is a rare entity in which there is a fusiform dilatation of the internal jugular vein (IJV), usually presenting as a neck mass or tinnitus. The jugular bulb (JB) is an enlarged confluence connecting the sigmoid sinus and the IJV. It has been suggested that JB abnormality might also cause vertigo and pulsatile tinnitus. This prospective interventional study involved 15 patients with pulsatile tinnitus associated with internal jugular phlebectasia. Four patients presented with recurrent vertigo attacks. IJV diameter at rest ranged from 11 to 18 mm. Eight patients have had inner ear bone dehiscence, and 40% had high JB. All cases were treated by surgical fixation using a ringed polytetrafluoroethylene graft extending from the costoclavicular joint to the sigmoid sinus under fluoroscopic guidance. Tinnitus disappeared immediately postoperatively in all cases, followed by the disappearance of vertigo on the fourth day. Two cases reported thrombosis of the graft in the sixth and seventh months but maintained symptomatic improvement. Recurrence was reported in 2 cases while the grafts were patent. Surgical fixation by replacing the jugular vein and bulb with a synthetic graft may offer an excellent surgical option for relieving vascular tinnitus, especially in these young patients in whom endovascular therapy may not be a durable treatment.
Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in a Patient With Chronic Tracheostoma: Alternative to Reduce Sternal Wound Complication Risk
Authors: Nantsios Alex , Elmistekawy Elsayed , Ponnambalam Menaka , Lambert A. Stephane , Ruel Marc
Published: December 2022

Patients with chronic tracheostoma present a challenge when they require coronary bypass surgery due to an elevated risk of sternal wound infections (SWI). Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) is a robust technique that allows complete surgical revascularization while mitigating the risks of sternal complications and functional decline associated with sternotomy. In such patients at elevated risk for SWI, MICS CABG may represent a viable revascularization strategy to avoid sternotomy. Here, we present a case of a frail, comorbid patient with a chronic tracheostomy and symptomatic multivessel coronary artery disease not amenable to percutaneous therapy referred for MICS CABG.
Miniature Minimally Invasive Pulmonary Banding in Neonates (MINI-MICS): A Novel Technique
Authors: Quintero Gómez Alejandro , Vinck Eric E. , Suárez Sharoon , Zapata Jorge A. , Colorado Maria F. , Rendón Juan C. , Escobar José J. , Espinal Juan , Hazekamp Mark
Published: December 2022

Single-ventricular cardiopathies are challenging conditions requiring multiple surgical interventions to hopefully achieve adulthood. In neonates, pulmonary artery banding allows ventricular adaptation and pulmonary vascular bed protection. Here we present a novel minimally invasive approach to pulmonary artery banding through a 1.5 cm left parasternal minithoracotomy. This technique not only allows for a less traumatic first procedure but also a less manipulated mediastinum and untouched sternum for the consequent surgeries to come. This technique is reproducible in experienced hands and shows favorable and promising results when performed properly.
Thermal stress distribution of multi-layered composite tubes affected by braiding angle
Authors: Huang Zhaohua , Ma Wensuo , Jia Chenhui , Lei Xianqing , Zhang Zhuangya
Published: December 2022

Braided tubular composites have been widely applied in various industries, such as aerospace, automobile, and sports, due to their light weight, high fatigue resistance, and good corrosion resistance. It is necessary to study the effect of the preform parameters on the thermodynamic behavior of braided tubular composites. A thermoelastic model of braided multi-layered tubes was developed to investigate the effect of changing the braiding angle on the thermal stress distribution. The thermal stress distributions of different structures were analyzed based on the model. The analysis results show that the layer-by-layer braiding angle critically affects the gradient of the axial thermal stress. The change rates of the braiding angle also significantly affect the gradient of the radial thermal stress. The theoretical results were verified by finite element analysis. These results are beneficial to the optimal design of braided composite tubes subjected to thermal load.
Studying the influence of common wet processes on the quality of 1 × 1 rib cotton/elastane knitted fabrics
Authors: Ivanovska Aleksandra , Dojčinović Biljana , Mangovska Biljana
Published: December 2022

This research studied the influence of common wet processes (i.e. bleaching, dyeing, or softening) on the quality of 1 × 1 rib cotton/elastane knitted fabrics. The changes in their structural (thickness, weight, and stitch density) parameters, mechanical (bursting elongation and stiffness), comfort (air permeability and moisture sorption), and esthetic (pilling propensity) properties are discussed as an influence of the used elastane type (multifilament or monofilament), and content (4% or 8%), and applied wet processes. The severity of the bleaching process (high pH value and boiling temperature) and the resulting fabrics’ less compact structure contributed to a 17.3% higher bursting elongation of bleached compared to the dyed fabrics. Fabrics having a higher content of less finner elastane (8%, 235 dtex) have 40% and up to 21% higher stiffness and bursting elongation than fabrics containing 4% elastane of 78 dtex. The aforementioned fabrics (having 4% elastane) are softer and more comfortable since they are characterized by up to 37.9% and 5.6% higher air permeability and moisture sorption than fabrics having 8% elastane. Dyed knitted fabrics provided a better intensity of warm/cool feeling than the bleached ones due to the better comfort properties. Up to 5000 pilling cycles, the fabrics’ pilling propensity increased with an increase in elastane fineness, while at the same number of pilling cycles, dyed fabrics have a lower pilling propensity than the bleached ones. The calculated complex criterion of fabrics’ quality revealed that pilling propensity and stiffness are the main contributors to their quality that ranged from excellent to satisfying. The “satisfying” fabric quality was improved to “good” by softening with silicone softener, whereby the high content of silicon (197.51 μg/g, assessed by ICP-OES) within the bleached fabric having 8% elastane contributed to lower piling propensity compared to the corresponding non-softened fabric.
Factors Related to High-School Students’ Odds of Having Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Bucko Agnes G. , Dowda Marsha , Pate Russell R.
Published: December 2022

This study used data the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System ( N = 7,088) to examine factors associated with the odds of overweight/obesity. Overweight/obese was defined as a body mass index ≥85th percentile, based on age- and sex-specific growth charts. Participants were categorized into meeting/not meeting guidelines for: sleep, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), muscle strengthening PA, screen time, breakfast eating, fruit and vegetable consumption, and soda and milk consumption. Logistic regression analyses determined whether meeting guidelines for each health behavior was associated with the odds of students having overweight/obesity in the total group and stratified by sex. Meeting MVPA guidelines was the only behavior associated with having a lower odds of overweight/obesity in both sexes. For females, meeting recommendations for breakfast eating and strength training were also associated with lower odds of having overweight/obesity, whereas for boys, getting the recommended amount of sleep was associated with having lower odds of overweight/obesity. Interventions to reduce the prevalence of overweight/obesity in youth should be implemented inside and outside of the school environment and should include components addressing physical activity, diet, and sleep. Such interventions should address barriers to healthy behaviors that are unique to adolescents already affected by overweight/obesity.