bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal‐Oxidative Aging Behavior and Factors of Polystyrene‐Based Thermoplastic Elastomers‐Based Automotive Interior Skin
Authors: Liu Shuwen , Wang Dong , Guo Guomin , Zhang Jihai , Qiu Jun , Zhang Aimin
Published: January 2025

Compared to traditional polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), and thermoplastic olefin (TPO) materials, thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) offer advantages of complete recyclability, absence of plasticizers and solvents, superior mechanical properties, pleasing tactile characteristics, low volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions, and cost‐effective processing. Making it an exceptional choice for environmentally friendly automotive skin materials. The automotive skin is frequently subjected to harsh conditions, such as high temperatures and oxygen exposure during use, presenting a significant durability challenge. Therefore, this study focuses on polystyrene (PS)‐based thermoplastic elastomers (TPE‐S) as the subject and investigates the influence of molecular weight, PS content, and chain structure in the blend on the mechanical properties of TPE‐S using an accelerated thermal‐oxidative aging method. Meanwhile, the changes of TPE‐S during the aging process are discussed via molecular weight, crystalline structure, molecular chain structure, microphase separation structure, and tactile sensation, providing a scientific foundation for guiding the selection of TPE‐S in automobile skin and heat oxidative aging resistance ability.
Click Preparing UV‐Curable Polybutadiene Films With Good Thermal and Mechanical Performances by Using Multifunctional Mercaptan as a Cross‐Linking Agent
Authors: Su Xinyong , Wang Jinwei , Tang Can , Wang Jiaao
Published: January 2025

Ultraviolet (UV)‐curable maleic anhydride liquid polybutadiene films were prepared by using pentaerythritol tetra(3‐mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) as the crosslinker in 10 s. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that maleic anhydride ring opened rapidly and reacted with sulfhydryl group to form thioester; meanwhile, SH group reacted with a double bond by thiol‐ene reaction, and both reactions resulted in the rapid increase in gel contents. Due to the unique flexible nature of maleic anhydride polybutadiene (MLPB) and the moderate cross‐linking degree provided by PETMP, the addition of PETMP in the range of 20%–25% significantly enhances their overall mechanical properties. The tensile strength of free‐standing MLPB‐PETMP films increased by three times, while its elongation reduced by less than 20%; their adhesion to carbon steel increased by more than three times to 5.0 MPa. Additionally, these films could be folded 180° on aluminum foil without damage and maintained a much lower wear level even after 3000 cycles of abrasion. However, the excessive addition of PETMP caused uneven distribution and aggregation, resulting in internal defects and thus the reduction in mechanical performances. Moreover, their thermal stability in air was also found improved, attributing to the increase in cross‐linking degree and the formation of higher strength SC bond.
Polyaniline/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite as an Electrode for Symmetric and Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Burentogtokh Bolormaa , Batsuren Bumaa , Galsan Sevjidsuren , Pagvajav Altantsog
Published: January 2025

Polyaniline‐based composites with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized using chemical polymerization. Characterization techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, confirmed that both polyaniline (Pani) and the Pani/rGO composite were in the emeraldine salt state. The synergistic effect of Pani and rGO increases the polaron band and improves the electrical conductivity, which is confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that Pani had a granular morphology, whereas the Pani/rGO composite had a layered morphology. This layered morphology indicates that adding rGO can enhance the conductivity and electrochemical activity. The electrochemical studies of the Pani/rGO composite electrode showed a specific capacitance of 261 F g−1 at a current density of 2.4 A g−1. The electrochemical performance of the Pani/rGO composites for energy storage devices was examined via two‐electrode cell assembly. Pani/rGO was utilized as a cathode, whereas various carbon materials (CNFs, MWCNTs, AC) were used as anodes. A maximum energy density of 7.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 325 W kg−1 was observed in the Pani/rGO//PMAC asymmetric supercapacitor at a voltage of 1.4 V. The electrochemical performance results show that the Pani/rGO composite is an efficient supercapacitor electrode material.
Application of Finite Pointset Method to Study Two‐Way Coupled Transient Bio‐Thermoelastic Effects in Skin Tissue
Authors: Pal Jyoti , Mariappan Panchatcharam , Sundar S.
Published: January 2025

In this research, we introduce the finite pointset method as an innovative approach for approximating transient linear thermoelasticity in biological tissue, addressing the complex interplay between thermal and elastic effects under three distinct shock conditions. Numerical simulations are performed to solve the coupled thermoelasticity equations, demonstrating the temperature distribution, displacement, and stress profiles within the tissue. The results highlight the influence of shock conditions on the thermal and mechanical responses of the tissue, emphasizing the impact of coupling parameter and perfusion rate. Numerical simulations are applied to several benchmark thermoelasticity problems, providing numerical results that validate the approach. Notably, our findings reveal the cooling effects induced by perfusion under both coupled and uncoupled scenarios and highlight the variability of temperature, displacement and stresses based on the coupling parameter. This work contributes to the field of biomedical engineering by providing insights into tissue behavior under thermal stress and offering potential applications in medical technology and therapeutic interventions. The use of FPM not only enhances the accuracy of modeling thermal and mechanical effects in biological tissues but also paves the way for advancements in medical technology. These findings have the potential to inform the development of new therapeutic strategies, particularly in areas related to laser treatments, thermal therapies, and other medical interventions requiring precise control of temperature and stress within tissues.
mvh: An R tool to assemble and organize virtual herbaria from openly available specimen images
Authors: Vasconcelos Thais , Boyko James D.
Published: January 2025

Premise

Recent advances in imaging herbarium specimens have enhanced their use in biodiversity studies. However, user‐friendly tools that facilitate the assembly of customized sets of herbarium specimen images on personal devices are still lacking.

Methods and Results

Here we present the R package mvh (“my virtual herbarium”), which includes functions designed to search and download metadata and openly available images associated with herbarium specimens based on taxon or geography. We tested the functionalities of mvh by searching metadata associated with five sets of 10 vascular plant species and five sets of 10 terrestrial coordinates. The download function had a success rate of 99%, downloading 291 out of the 293 images found in the search. Possible reasons for download failure are discussed.

Conclusions

As long as an internet connection is available, mvh simplifies the assembly and organization of virtual herbaria, thereby facilitating the investigation of novel empirical questions as well as trends in digitization efforts.
Gelatin Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite 3D Printed Semi Biological Mesh for Abdominal Hernia Treatment
Authors: Yadav Pramod , Mukherjee Anwesha , Hind Rajput Jay , Choudhari A. Pratap , Poundarik Atharva , Das Bodhisatwa
Published: January 2025

Hernia is characterized by the protrusion of organs or tissue through weakened areas in the abdominal cavity wall. A common treatment for hernia involves the implantation of a mesh which promotes the growth of new tissue around or within the implanted material in the damaged area. The mesh is typically made from synthetic materials like polypropylene. However, such meshes have safety concerns like biofilm and scar tissue formation, foreign body reactions, and chronic pain. These concerns gave rise to the development of biological meshes. Owing to mechanical weakness, biological meshes fail due to migration and rapid degradation. This study is aimed to develop a mechanically viable biopolymer‐based composite degradable mesh. A gelatin‐MWCNT composite 3D printed mesh has been developed with different pore sizes and filament sizes. Adding MWCNTs improved the composite‘s ductility, printability, hydrophilicity, and modulus, and reduced its degradation rate. The 3D‐printed mesh also showed signs of cell attachment and proliferation representing non‐toxicity of MWCNTs within the composite materials. The data showed improved cell adherence due to the incorporation of MWCNTs within the composite materials. Among the various material compositions tested, the composite material with gelatin with 0.01 g MWCNTs gave the optimum mechanical strength and biocompatibility results.
Frameworks Construction with Rhodium‐Organic Cuboctahedra via Rigid Linker Incorporation
Authors: Lin Yu‐Shan , Lopez‐Cabrelles Javier , Lin Chia‐Her , Furukawa Shuhei
Published: January 2025

The architectural characteristics of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) can be examined through their net topology, which consists of nodes and linkers. A node‘s connectivity and site symmetry are likely the key elements influencing the net topology of MOFs. Metal‐organic polyhedra (MOPs) function effectively as nodes when used as supermolecular building blocks (SBBs). The SBB approach offers a powerful strategy for the deliberate design of macroscale materials, ranging from soft materials such as gels, polymers, and membranes to crystalline frameworks. However, achieving highly ordered structures with robust and air‐stable rhodium‐based MOPs (RhMOPs) presents a significant challenge. To investigate how to control the precise spatial distribution of RhMOPs as SBBs for constructing crystalline extended networks, here, we present a strategy for synthesizing MOFs by coordinating RhMOPs with rigid bridging linkers 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco). The resulting crystalline framework exhibited high microporosity and four times higher adsorption capacity than the parent MOP solids.
Evaluation of the Role of PnuC Gene in Enhancing Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Synthesis
Authors: Vo Giang Thi Thu , Nguyen Khang Khoa Hoang , Kim Beom Soo
Published: January 2025

The PnuC gene plays a crucial role in the complex processes related to the absorption and synthesis of the nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) precursor. NMN, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor, is important for cellular energy metabolism, DNA repair, and antiaging. This study focuses on elucidating the precursor absorption mechanism and the specific function of the PnuC gene in encoding membrane transport proteins, as well as its impact on the regulation and dynamics of NMN within the cell. This understanding aims to provide insights into its potential effects on metabolic balance, illustrated through two NAD+ biosynthesis pathways based on renewable and readily available cytoplasmic resources, assessing the potential of PnuC gene expression in clarifying complex interactions within regulation mechanisms. Enhanced expression analysis of the PnuC gene has initiated discussions on its potential applications in treating aging‐related diseases and dysfunctions, contributing to cellular health maintenance.
Texturing (002)‐Oriented Zinc Atop a Cotton Cloth for High‐Performance Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kiatwisarnkij Napat , Song Zehao , Tangpongkitjaroen Chanin , Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Zhang Xinyu , Wangyao Panyawat , Qin Jiaqian
Published: January 2025

Zn‐ion batteries emerge as a promising alternative to conventional Li‐ion batteries due to their superior environmental friendliness and high safety, making them suitable for sustainable energy storage in various applications. However, concerns persist regarding the limitations of Zn‐ion batteries, such as uncontrolled dendrite growth and side reactions. In this study, the electroplating method was employed to deposit (002) plane‐dominated textures on a modified cotton cloth substrate, which consists of a silver conductive layer atop a cotton supporting layer. The electroplating current density and time are critical for the fabrication of dense and compact (002) Zn textures. The optimized condition for this process involves a current density of 40 mA/cm2 and an electroplating time of 30 minutes. Compared to (101)‐dominated Zn anodes, the (002)‐dominated electrode demonstrates faster deposition kinetics and lower charge transfer resistance, enabling denser and more uniform Zn deposition. Additionally, the (002)‐dominated electrode also exhibits an enhanced ability to inhibit side reactions in the mild aqueous electrolyte, further improving the lifespan of Zn‐ion batteries. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using ordinary cotton cloth as a substrate for electroplating (002)‐dominated Zn, thereby expanding the potential applications of Zn‐ion batteries.
Effects of washing treatments and ashing conditions on SiO2 crystalline transitions in rice husk ash
Authors: Wei Yi , Yin Yuan , Tahir Mudassir Hussain , Liu Xiang , Shi Lei , Wei Juntao , Hu Xun , Zhang Hong , Xu Deliang , Zhang Shu
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the influence of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) on the structural transformation of silica (SiO₂) during the ashing of rice husks. It has implications for silicon‐based material development from thermal conversion. Utilizing water/acid‐washed treatments to remove AAEMs, the research assessed the effects of these treatments on the crystallization characteristics of SiO₂ in rice husk ash. The results showed a significant increase in SiO₂ crystallization temperatures under both slow and rapid ashing conditions, with acid washing having a more pronounced effect. The removal of K, a primary AAEM, was identified as a key factor in improving crystallization temperatures. The presence of K during rapid ashing aided the preservation of residual carbon, further influencing SiO₂ crystallization. Washing treatments and lower ashing temperatures also improved the pore structures of the ashes, thus enhancing the functional applicability of rice husk‐derived silicon materials.
Are Environmentally Sensitive Firms More Likely to Release Corporate Environmental Disclosures? Evidence From Environmental Risk Management
Authors: Chung Chune Young , Kim Incheol , Yang Rong
Published: January 2025

This study examines the environmental risk management practices of US firms operating in environmentally sensitive industries. Using two proxy variables for ex ante environmental policy risk—firm‐level toxic chemical emissions and climate‐related keywords in annual financial statements—we demonstrate that firms facing high ex ante environmental policy risk tend to increase the frequency and length of their voluntary sustainability reports. Additionally, we find that proactive sustainability disclosures significantly mitigate firm‐level systematic risk (beta) and associated litigation risk. This risk reduction is more pronounced among firms with substantial green innovations and stronger corporate governance practices. Overall, this study highlights the causes and consequences of voluntary sustainability reports, focusing on how environmentally sensitive firms manage environmental risk through these publications.
Is Liability of Foreignness Always Bad for Firms? A Study of the Influence of Top Management Team Foreignness on Corporate Greenwashing
Authors: Song Jialei , Chen Shouming
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of top management team (TMT) foreignness on corporate greenwashing. Drawing on social identity theory, we argue that foreign TMT members, suffering more from individual liability of foreignness (LOF), adopt a more cautious approach to uncertain environmental disclosures and are more concerned with preventing corporate misbehaviors. These lead foreign TMT members to communicate companies' environmental initiatives in a more honest manner, thereby effectively reducing corporate greenwashing. We further propose that the negative relation between TMT foreignness and greenwashing will be strengthened when a firm faces higher earnings pressure and operates in a less marketized environment, as these conditions exacerbate individual LOF on foreign TMT members. Empirical analysis of a sample of Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2022 confirms our arguments, suggesting that hiring foreign executives can be an effective strategy for mitigating greenwashing, particularly in contexts where individual LOF is more pronounced.
Mutations in Aristolochene Synthase Promote Hydroxylation of Aristolochene in Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Anumon Thirat , Wattana‐Amorn Pakorn
Published: January 2025

A terpene synthase gene (mtas) from Menisporopsis theobromae BCC 4162 was heterologously expressed in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1, resulting in the production of (+)‐aristolochene. Mutations were introduced in MtAS at aromatic residues (Y83, F103, F169 and W323) surrounding the active site, which are critical for precursor cyclisation and intermediate stabilisation during aristolochene biosynthesis. Transformants harbouring mutated mtas, specifically F103W, F169A and F169W, produced (2R,4S,5R,7S)‐2‐hydroxyaristolochene as the major product, along with aristolochene and other tentative metabolites, including germacrene A and sesquiterpenoids. Feeding experiments with (+)‐aristolochene in A. oryzae NSAR1 revealed that 2‐hydroxyaristolochene was only detected in trace amounts. This suggests that the oxidation products observed in this study are predominantly catalysed or facilitated by the mutated MtAS, differing from in vitro studies of other mutated aristolochene synthases. These findings highlight the impact of enzyme mutations on sesquiterpene production and suggest potential strategies for enhancing the diversity of sesquiterpenoids.
Necrotizing Fasciitis‐Induced Septic Shock due to Aeromonas hydrophila: A Case Report
Authors: Ye Gongjie , Li Taohong , Weng Yiru , Dong Zhouzhou
Published: January 2025

Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), a Gram‐negative bacterium commonly found in aquatic environments, has the capacity to be transmitted to humans through consumption of contaminated fish, water, or seafood. In this study, we present a case report concerning a 77‐year‐old female patient who experienced an acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure, subsequently developing severe septic shock due to necrotizing fasciitis caused by A. hydrophila. Infections caused by A. hydrophila are more prevalent during warmer months, particularly in regions characterized by dense aquaculture or the presence of natural water bodies. The excessive use of antibiotics in aquaculture has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant A. hydrophila strains. The proliferation of multidrug‐resistant A. hydrophila presents a significant challenge for clinicians. In the context of atypical bacterial infections, the initial empiric therapy typically involves the use of third‐generation cephalosporins in conjunction with quinolone antibiotics. In the present case, the patient's successful recovery was achieved through the administration of a combination of cefoperazone/sulbactam and levofloxacin, as determined by sensitivity testing. This case study underscores the critical importance of considering A. hydrophila infection in patients with septic shock who present with necrotizing fasciitis.
A Rare Case Report on Massive Pleural Effusion due to Chronic Necrotizing Pancreatitis and its Management
Authors: Bhandari Kritick , Sen Kamana , Rijal Prabhat , Ghimire Sagun
Published: January 2025

Hemorrhagic pleural effusion as the sole manifestation of pancreatitis is exceedingly rare and often presents diagnostic challenges due to its misleading symptoms. We report the case of an adult male with a large left‐sided black pleural effusion secondary to chronic necrotizing pancreatitis. The patient presented with progressive shortness of breath and cough, with a history of alcohol use and a previous diagnosis of acute severe pancreatitis. Initial assessment revealed significant respiratory distress and imaging confirmed massive pleural effusion. Pleural fluid analysis and subsequent imaging identified chronic necrotizing pancreatitis as the cause. Immediate management with thoracentesis, pleural drainage, and conservative treatment with fluids and antibiotics led to significant clinical improvement. This case highlights the importance of thorough clinical evaluation and timely intervention in managing rare presentations of pancreatic diseases. Effective treatment with chest tube drainage and conservative pancreatitis management can yield positive outcomes even in severe cases. Despite the rarity of pleural effusion due to chronic pancreatitis, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion, particularly in patients with a relevant history, to ensure prompt and appropriate management.
Unusual presentation of medication‐induced atrial fibrillation: A case report
Authors: Hashim Thamir , Yigit Yavuz , Fadul Khalid Yasir , Dayraki Mostafa , Elmalik Ashraf , Alkahlout Baha Hamdi , Mohammad Aftab
Published: January 2025

Key Clinical Message

This case highlights that atrial fibrillation can occur as an adverse effect of tamsulosin even in younger patients at lower doses, challenging the conventional understanding that this complication primarily affects older individuals on higher doses. Clinicians should remain vigilant for this potential side effect across all patient demographics to ensure prompt identification and management.
Primary Diffuse Leptomeningeal Melanomatosis Leading to Raised Intracranial Pressure in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Sareh Shiva , Habibi Zohreh , Vasei Mohammad , Safavi Moeinadin , Sharari Alieh Safari , Pak Neda , Shahbodagh khan Golazin , Ashrafi Mahmoudreza , Heidari Morteza
Published: January 2025

A critical clinical consideration, in addition to other common risk factors predisposing individuals to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), involves the potential co‐occurrence of increased intracranial pressure and elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein levels in the presence of underlying malignancies. Primary diffuse leptomeningeal melanomatosis, an exceptionally rare condition with few reported cases in the pediatric population, illustrates this scenario. Timely decision‐making based on clinical suspicion to perform a biopsy and involving a skilled pathologist for accurate reporting are essential steps toward achieving a definitive diagnosis.
Site‐Selective Modification and Labeling of Native RNA
Authors: Kha Tuan‐Khoa , Zhao Yiran , Zhu Ru‐Yi
Published: January 2025

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays a pivotal role in regulating biological processes within living systems, with modified nucleosides serving as critical modulators of various aspects of biological functions. Therefore, the development of efficient methodologies for late‐stage, site‐selective RNA modification is of considerable interest, as it facilitates the functional exploration of RNA chemical modifications and their implications for therapeutic applications. Precise RNA modification holds significant promise for the treatment of genetic diseases by enabling the correction of mutated nucleobases to their wild‐type forms. Additionally, the site‐selective incorporation of synthetic labeling groups into RNA provides invaluable tools for structural and functional studies, thereby uncovering previously hidden dimensions of RNA′s role in biological systems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of three principal approaches to site‐selective, late‐stage RNA modifications: enzyme‐mediated strategies, catalytic nucleic acid‐based techniques, and chemical methodologies. These approaches predominantly target the nucleobase or the 2’‐hydroxyl (2’‐OH) group of RNA nucleosides. We evaluate the advantages and limitations of each strategy and discuss future directions for advancing this field of research.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Non‐Planar Cyclophenylene on Au(111)
Authors: Salaverria Sergio , Irizar Martin , Janeiro Jesús , Angulo‐Portugal Paula , Wang Tao , Patrick Calupitan Jan , Rodríguez‐Fernández Jonathan , Garcia‐Lekue Aran , Corso Martina , Artacho Emilio , Peña Diego , Pérez Dolores , de Oteyza Dimas G.
Published: January 2025

We report the surface‐assisted synthesis of a non‐planar cyclophenylene derivative containing four meta‐ and two para‐ connected phenylene moieties on Au(111), via hierarchical Ullmann coupling of a 1,10‐dibrominated angular [3] phenylene and subsequent C−C bond cleavage at the four‐membered rings. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) were used for the characterization of its chemical structure and electronic properties. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the experimental observations.
Discovery of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazin‐5‐One Derivative CJ1‐34 as a Partial ATP Synthase Inhibitor for CNS Applications
Authors: Jie Caitlin V. M. L. , Delparente Aro , Reichert Lisa , Albrecht Manuela , Atz Kenneth , Schneider Gisbert , Schibli Roger , Mu Linjing
Published: January 2025

ATP synthase dysregulation has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Whilst ATP synthase‐targeting compounds have been reported, most are large or polar compounds and lack appropriate properties for a CNS drug. We designed, synthesised, and evaluated a novel series of ATP synthase targeting compounds, resulting in a 1,3,4‐oxadiazin‐5‐one scaffold with improved physiochemical properties. In vitro evaluation of our library led to the discovery of CJ1‐34 as a partial ATP synthase inhibitor with a determined IC50 of 394 nM in isolated bovine mitochondria. Molecular docking experiments demonstrated that calculated docking scores aligned with the observed in vitro pharmacology and supports the F1 region of the ATP synthase as the potential binding site. Overall, this provides the foundation to further investigate CJ1‐34 as a potential CNS drug for diseases where mitochondria are implicated, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Two Consecutive Pathways Competing for Supramolecular Polymerization of Naphthalene‐Diimide Molecules
Authors: Huang Yun , Zhang Ruilong , Shi Chengyu , Wang Cong , Liao Rui , Zou Chongwen , Wang Feng , Huang Ningdong
Published: January 2025

The final outcomes of supramolecular assembly are determined by the pathways and the formation of intermediates during the assembly process. We studied pathway complexity involving two consecutive pathways in supramolecular polymerization of naphthalene‐diimide (NDI) derivative molecule. Depending on preparation methods anisotropic aggregates of J‐type nanorods (Agg I) or more flexible H‐type nanofibers (Agg II) are obtained from the identical initial state in solution of methyl cyclohexane (MCH) or MCH/CHCl3 mixtures. More interestingly intermediate aggregates driven by intra‐molecular hydrogen‐bonds are observed by spectroscopy and imaging techniques for both pathways. Thermodynamic model‐fitting suggests that both pathways are consecutive ones with intermediate aggregates. Combining density functional theory (DFT) calculation results, we propose the molecular packing of Agg I and II. Our results reveal comprehensive pathway complexity in self‐assembly of molecules as simple as NDI.
Fabrication of pH‐sensitive bacterial cellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose hybrid hydrogel beads in agitated culture for oral drug delivery
Authors: Sattari Ali , Basirattalab Ali , Alemzadeh Iran
Published: January 2025

Bacterial cellulose (BC), a biopolymer with unique properties, has been employed in numerous biomedical applications. Carboxymethyl cellulose was introduced to the agitated culture of Gluconacetobacter xylinus to produce pH‐responsive BC hydrogel beads. It was shown by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis that adding carboxymethyl cellulose to the agitated culture increased the crystallinity of the hydrogel beads. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited the 3‐D porous structure of microfibrils and the reverse effect of adding carboxymethyl cellulose on the hydrogels' porosity. The hydrogels were loaded with ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa), and their release and swelling studies were conducted in the simulated gastric and simulated intestinal fluids. It was observed that by increasing the amount of carboxymethyl cellulose in the culture medium, the pH responsivity of the beads was increased. Thus, this study shows the potential of the BC/CMC system as an oral drug delivery system.
Fault diagnostic method based on transfer dynamic deep learning for few shot temporal–spatial correlation industry process
Authors: Tian Ying , Lou Yuanlong , Ou Jingyi , Huang Xiuhui , Sun Zhanquan
Published: January 2025

Data‐based fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of industrial processes. However, the complex industry process often has temporal–spatial correlation with insufficient labelled fault data. To settle these problems, a new transfer dynamic deep learning strategy that combines autoencoder (AE) with gate recurrent unit (GRU) is proposed. First, dynamic AE networks are introduced to extract the single‐attribute time series features, and the dynamic GRU is employed to extract the spatial correlation features among multiple feature dimensions and temporal correlation among samples. Then, to solve the problem of insufficiently labelled industrial data, the model‐based transfer learning between the sufficient laboratory data and insufficient labelled industrial data is executed. Experimental results based on the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process and the benchmark simulation model 1 (BSM1) process show that the proposed approach has excellent performance.
Functional Guest in Metal‐Organic Frameworks†
Authors: Han Zongsu , Huang Wenhao , Cheng Peng , Shi Wei
Published: January 2025

Comprehensive Summary

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) contain ordered metal nodes, organic linkers, and guest species, which generally determine their properties respectively and/or synergistically. Guest species play a crucial role in maintaining charge balance and structural stability of MOFs. In addition to metal nodes and organic linkers, the type and distribution of guests can significantly influence the properties of MOFs, such as optics, magnetism, chirality, and catalysis. Understanding the role of guests to the properties of MOFs remains great challenge due to the complex chemical and electronic structures of MOFs. Recently, progresses on guest‐dependent properties of MOFs have been reported, which not only advanced our knowledge of host‐guest interactions and energy transfer mechanisms but also led to intriguing applications such as luminescent sensors, tunable magnetic materials, enantioselective materials, and catalysts. Crucially, the interactions between the host and guest can be finely tuned by altering the type and amount of guests without changing the core framework, allowing for precise regulation of targeted properties. In this review, we will explore how guest‐induced variations impact the optic, magnetic, chiral, and catalytic properties of MOFs, followed by an examination of the synergistic effects between hosts and guests, which is highly important for the development of advanced functional materials.

Key Scientists

Plenty of outstanding scientists have reported a great number of MOFs with their interesting properties. Diverse regulation and modification strategies have been developed towards the metal centers, the organic linkers, and the functional guests according to the binding modes and host‐guest interactions, to bring or enhance certain properties of MOFs. Guests in the pores of MOFs are crucial part for their properties based on the guest‐induced properties or the synergistic effects between the hosts and guests, which has been greatly developed by their continuous industrious works.

Stories to be Continued …
Historical redlining and survival among children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer diagnosed between 2000–2019 in Seattle and Tacoma, Washington
Authors: Karvonen Kristine A. , Doody David R. , Barry Dwight , Bona Kira , Winestone Lena E. , Rosenberg Abby R. , Mendoza Jason A. , Schwartz Stephen M. , Chow Eric J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Historical redlining has been associated with inferior survival in adult‐onset cancers. However, its relationship with pediatric, adolescent, and young–adult‐onset cancer outcomes is unknown.

Methods

This study identified incident cancer among individuals <40 years of age living in Seattle and Tacoma between 2000–2019 via the population‐based Cancer Surveillance System. The authors determined case redlining status using Home Owners’ Loans Corporation data overlaid with 2000 and 2010 census tracts. Kaplan–Meier methods and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival and hazard ratio (HR) of death according to redlined status. Cox models adjusted for patient and tumor characteristics and area‐level poverty; interaction between redlining and area‐level poverty was also assessed.

Results

Among 4355 cases (median age at diagnosis 32 years), overall survival at 5 years was lower (85.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 83.5%–86.5%) among individuals residing in redlined neighborhoods compared with those in unexposed neighborhoods (90.3%; 95% CI, 89.0%–91.5%). Survival differences persisted at 10 years. The unadjusted hazard of death for redlined exposed individuals with cancer was higher than redlined unexposed (hazard ratio [HR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.39–1.89). In the fully adjusted model, mortality remained higher for redlined cases (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12–1.56). There did not appear to be effect modification from area‐level poverty in the relationship between redlining and death (p = .49).

Conclusions

Among young individuals with cancer, residence at diagnosis in previously redlined neighborhoods was associated with lower survival compared with those residing in nonredlined neighborhoods, supporting the hypothesis that structural racism exerts persistent effects on contemporary health outcomes.
Investigation of Genomic and Transcriptomic Risk Factors of Clopidogrel Response in African Americans
Authors: Yang Guang , Alarcon Cristina , Chanfreau Catherine , Lee Norman H. , Friedman Paula , Nutescu Edith , Tuck Matthew , O'Brien Travis , Gong Li , Klein Teri E. , Chang Kyong‐Mi , Tsao Philip S. , Meltzer David O. , Lynch Julie A. ,   Million Veteran Program, Tuteja Sony , Perera Minoli A.
Published: January 2025

Clopidogrel, an anti‐platelet drug, is used to prevent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Clopidogrel resistance results in recurring ischemic events, with African Americans (AA) suffering disproportionately. The aim of this study was to discover novel biomarkers of clopidogrel resistance in African Americans using genome and transcriptome data. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS), including local ancestry adjustment, in 141 AA on clopidogrel to identify genetic associations with high on‐treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR), with validation of genome‐wide significant and suggestive loci in an independent cohort of AA clopidogrel patients (N = 823) from the Million Veteran's Program (MVP) along with in vitro functional analysis. We performed differential gene expression (DGE) analysis in whole blood to identify transcriptomic predictors of response, followed by functional validation in MEG‐01 cells. GWAS identified one signal on Chromosome 7 as significantly associated with increasing risk of HTPR. The lead single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs7807369, within thrombospondin 7A (THSD7A) was associated with an increased risk of HTPR (odds ratio (OR) = 4.02, P = 4.56 × 10−9). Higher THSD7A gene expression was associated with HTPR in an independent cohort of clopidogrel‐treated patients (P = 0.004) and carrying a risk allele showed increased gene expression in primary human endothelial cells. Notably, the CYP2C19*2 variants showed no association with clopidogrel response in the discovery or MVP cohorts. DGE analysis identified an association with decreased LAIR1 and AP3B2 expression to HTPR. LAIR1 knockdown in MEG‐01 cells resulted in increased expression of SYK and AKT1, suggesting an inhibitory role of LAIR1 in the Glycoprotein VI pathway. In summary, these findings suggest that other variants and genes outside of CYP2C19 star alleles play an important role in clopidogrel response in AA.
An Effective Resource Allocation Framework for D2D Communication in 5G Wireless Personal Area Network With Hybrid Optimizer
Authors: Wu Xiaobin , Vijayaraj A. , Sarhan Nadia , Chanthirasekaran K. , Awwad Emad Mahrous , Ali Guma
Published: January 2025

Allocating resources in an energy‐effective method for the development of 5G networks. Energy efficiency in D2D communication is another challenge. Less energy usage is needed for devices to communicate with one another. D2D communication frequently uses more energy than conventional communication techniques. This is one of the major challenges of D2D transmission that needs to be resolved. To address these challenges, a new energy‐effective resource allocation system for D2D transmission in 5G WPAN is presented in this paper. The primary goal of the presented task is to enhance the average power effectiveness of the entire links of D2D, thus ensuring the service quality of the cellular user equipments (CUEs) and the constraints of energy harvesting (EH) in the D2D connections. Problems such as D2D user equipments (DUEs), spectrum, resource block allocation, and time slot allocation are used in D2D communication. To rectify these problems, this work derived an average energy efficiency issue. Moreover, this work joins the spectrum and power block allocation. Then, the EH time slot allocation is executed based on the Hybrid Gazelle with Walrus Optimization (HGWO). The extensive analysis outcomes illustrate that the implemented HGWO optimization‐aided model attains more energy efficacy for distinct network attribute settings.
Isoliquiritigenin Protects Against Diabetic Nephropathy in db/db Mice by Inhibiting Advanced Glycation End Product–Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product Axis
Authors: Shi Qiwen , Zhou Tao , Hou Wenjun , Zhou Yuqi , Deng Shufen , Song Ying
Published: January 2025

Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is a severe diabetic chronic microvascular complication and the major cause of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Our study aimed to investigate the effects of isoliquiritigenin (ISL) a natural flavonoid compound on DN and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The db/db mice were received intragastric treatments of ISL (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg), vehicle or positive drug metformin (300 mg/kg) once a day for 12 weeks, and the db/m mice treated with vehicle were used as controls. ISL significantly ameliorated pathological changes and functional injury in the kidneys of db/db mice in a dose‐dependent manner. The administration of 20 mg/kg ISL reduced the levels of serum creatinine (Scr; 49.0 ± 1.7 vs. 56.9 ± 2.9 μmol/L; p < 0.01), blood urine nitrogen (BUN; 9.6 ± 1.3 vs. 12.0 ± 1.1 mmol/L; p < 0.05), albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR; 1925.8 ± 798.1 vs. 4269.4 ± 925.6 μg/mg; p < 0.01) and urinary albumin (276.2 ± 39.9 vs. 576.9 ± 108.9 μg; p < 0.05). Further study identified advanced glycation end product (AGE)–receptor for AGE (RAGE) axis as a target of ISL. ISL (20 mg/kg) lowered renal AGE level (2.5 ± 0.5 vs. 3.8 ± 0.6 μg/mg; p < 0.01) and RAGE expression, leading to improvements in renal fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. To sum up, our study demonstrated that ISL displayed preventive effects on the experimental model of DN through suppressing AGE–RAGE pathway, and provided some insights into the application of ISL in DN treatment.
Predicting the impact of targeted fence removal on connectivity in a migratory ecosystem
Authors: Schwandner Imogen A. , Morrison Thomas A. , Hopcraft J. Grant C. , Wall Jake , Hughey Lacey , Boone Randall B. , Ogutu Joseph O. , Jakes Andrew F. , Kifugo Shem C. , Limo Campaign , Ndambuki Mwiu Stephen , Nyaga Vasco , Olff Han , Ojwang Gordon O. , Sairowua Wilson , Sasine Jackson , Senteu Jully S. , Sopia Daniel , Worden Jeffrey , Stabach Jared A.
Published: January 2025

Fencing is one of the most widely utilized tools for reducing human‐wildlife conflict in agricultural landscapes. However, the increasing global footprint of fencing exceeds millions of kilometers and has unintended consequences for wildlife, including habitat fragmentation, movement restriction, entanglement, and mortality. Here, we present a novel and quantitative approach to prioritize fence removal within historic migratory pathways of white‐bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) across Kenya's Greater Masai Mara Ecosystem. Our approach first assesses historic and contemporary landscape connectivity of wildebeest between seasonal ranges by incorporating two sets of GPS tracking data and fine‐scale fencing data. We then predict connectivity gains from simulated fence removal and evaluate the impact of different corridor widths and locations on connectivity and removal costs derived from locally implemented interventions. Within the study system, we found that modest levels of fence removal resulted in substantial connectivity gains (39%–54% improvement in connectivity for 15–140 km of fence line removed). By identifying the most suitable corridor site, we show that strategically placed narrow corridors outperform larger, more expensive interventions. Our results demonstrate how and where targeted fence removal can enhance connectivity for wildlife. Our framework can aid in identifying suitable and cost‐effective corridor restoration sites to guide decision‐makers on the removal of fences and other linear barriers. Our approach is transferable to other landscapes where the removal or modification of fences or similar barriers is a feasible mitigation strategy to restore habitat and migratory connectivity.
Plant growth strategies and microbial contributions to ecosystem nitrogen retention along a soil acidification gradient
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Ruzhen , Gu Baitao , Liu Heyong , Dijkstra Feike A. , Han Xingguo , Jiang Yong
Published: January 2025

Nitrogen (N) retention is a critical ecosystem function associated with sustainable N supply. Lack of experimental evidence limits our understanding of how grassland N retention can vary with soil acidification. A 15N‐labeling experiment was conducted for 2 years to quantify N retention by soil pathways and plant functional groups across a soil‐acidification gradient in a meadow. The 15N added to the ecosystem was mainly intercepted by the soil (up to 87.3%). Within the soil, 15N recovery in ammonium, dissolved organic N, microbial biomass, and amino sugars (a proxy for microbial necromass) represented approximately 46% of soil‐retained 15N. 15N recovery in these N fractions increased with acidification, highlighting the complexity of microbial N transformations that affect ecosystem N retention. Plant 15N‐retention increased in sedges, decreased in forbs, and was unaffected in grasses with acidification, reflecting their divergent associations with mycorrhizas and sensitivities to soil acidification. Soil microbial biomass was the key variable delineating soil N retention, while sedges were critical for plant N retention, resulting in a clear trade‐off and competition in 15N retention between the two compartments. Overall, acidification might curb N losses by strengthening microbial retention and shifting plant N retention among different plant growth strategies.
Temporal profiling of M‐TEER‐related complications
Authors: Haschemi Jafer , Schrameck Hanna , Haurand Jean Marc , Oehler Daniel , Spieker Maximilian , Voss Fabian , Kelm Malte , Polzin Amin , Horn Patrick
Published: January 2025

Aims

Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair of the mitral valve (M‐TEER) is known for its low complication rates. However, the optimal level and duration of post‐procedural care remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the specific timeframe of post‐procedural complications following M‐TEER.

Methods and results

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 865 patients who underwent M‐TEER at the University Hospital Düsseldorf between August 2010 and August 2023. Our analysis focused on a comprehensive examination of all acute post‐procedural complications (1–100 h), considering the time point of occurrence or diagnosis. The complication analysed included cardiogenic shock, pericardial tamponade, stroke, cardiac arrhythmias, bleeding, acute kidney injury, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular ischaemia and in‐hospital mortality.

Results

The median age was 80 (74, 84) years, and the EuroScore II was high (6.5 [4.0, 12.0] %). Functional mitral regurgitation (MR) was more common than degenerative or mixed MR (69% vs. 20%. respectively; 11%). Technical success rate was 97.2%. Overall, acute post‐procedural complications occurred in 87 patients (10.1%). Most complications (75.9%) occurred within the first 4 h post‐procedure. 12.6% of the complications occurred during the period between 4 and 24 h post‐procedure, and 11.5% of the complications happened between 24 and 100 h post‐procedure. Life‐threatening complications were observed only within the first 4 h post‐procedure.

Conclusions

The majority of post‐procedural complications after M‐TEER occur within the first 4 h, with pericardial tamponade and major bleeding occurring only during this period. These findings provide valuable insight for physicians in determining the optimal surveillance and monitoring duration after M‐TEER within clinical settings.
Association of baseline eGFR and incident heart failure on patients receiving intensive blood pressure treatment
Authors: Haonan Li , Qiaorui He , Wenqing Zhu , Yanjun Zhang , Wangjia Pingcuo , Shikai Yu , Zhuoga Deji , Yi Zhang , Yifan Zhao
Published: January 2025

Aims

We aim to elucidate the association of baseline eGFR and incident heart failure on patients receiving intensive BP treatment.

Methods and results

A post hoc analysis was conducted on the SPRINT database. Multivariab le Cox regression and interaction restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were performed to investigate the interaction between baseline eGFR and intensive BP control on heart failure prevention. The primary endpoint focused on incident heart failure. The study cohort comprised 8369 adults with a mean [SD] age of 68 [59–77] years, including 2940 women (35.1%). Over a median [IQR] follow‐up period of 3.9 [2.0–5.0] years, 183 heart failure events were recorded. A significant interaction was observed between baseline eGFR and treatment groups in terms of heart failure prevention (Interaction P = 0.012). The risk of heart failure showed a sharp slope until eGFR = 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 and then became flat by an interaction RCS. Intensive BP treatment did not exhibit a preventive effect on heart failure (HR (95% CI) = 1.03 (0.82–1.52)) when baseline eGFR was 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 or lower. Conversely, when baseline eGFR was higher than 75 mL/min/1.73 m2, a reduced risk of heart failure was observed (HR (95% CI) = 0.65 (0.41–0.98)). Intensive BP control did not increase the incident long‐term dialysis regardless of baseline eGFR but was associated with a higher risk of eGFR reduction.

Conclusions

Among nondiabetic hypertensive patients, baseline eGFR serves as a crucial indicator for assessing the risk reduction potential of intensive BP control in heart failure prevention, with 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 appearing as a suitable cut‐off value.