bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibody titres in fully vaccinated healthcare workers with and without breakthrough infection during the Delta and Omicron waves
Authors: Chandrasingh Sindhulina , George Carolin E. , Inbaraj Leeberk R. , Maddipati Tatarao
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Assessment of antibody response to vaccination against SARS CoV2 has clinical, public health, and policy implications during the pandemic and in the context of future waves.

Method:

In this repeated cross-sectional study, we estimated total binding antibody levels to the spike protein of the SARS CoV2 virus post two doses of Covishield vaccine among 133 health care workers (HCWs) (phase 1), followed by antibody levels among a subset (n = 61) of this group at 9 months after the second dose (phase 2). The time period of the first and second blood collection corresponds to Delta and Omicron waves, respectively.

Results:

We report 100% seroconversion post 28 days of the second dose of the Covishield vaccine among infection naïve HCWs. In this study, 33% had a breakthrough infection in phase 1 and 24% reported a history of infection in phase 2. The antibody titres were higher in the breakthrough infection group compared to the infection naïve group during both Delta and Omicron waves.

Conclusion:

This shows that there is a good seroconversion with two doses of vaccine, weaning of antibody with time, and a rise of antibody titre if infected with SARS CoV 2 subsequently.
The Prevalence and Correlates of Multidimensional Poverty: A Survey Analysis of District Charsadda
Authors: Rani Salma , Khan Aqil , Ali Naveed , Khan Khalid
Published: July 2023

This study estimates the prevalence rate of multidimensional poverty, and determines its socio-economic determinants through survey of Behram Dheri, a Union Council of district Charsadda. The prevalence and severity of multidimensional poverty has been estimated through Alkire-Foster approach having ten indicators of multidimensional poverty. Whereas,  binary-logit model has been employed to determine the impact of contributory determinants of poverty on multidimensional poverty. In result it is concluded that the incidence of poverty is 0.842 which interprets that about 84% of the households are multidimensionally-poor in the study area. However, the intensity of poverty is 0.559 which implies that at average a household is deprived in almost 56% of the indicators in UC Behram Dheri. Finally it has been concluded that the prevalence rate of the multi-dimensional poverty index is 0.4712. The logistic regression model results show that the non-ownership of agricultural land and livestock and households headed by female are more vulnerable to multidimensional poverty. Moreover the results also concluded that people who are dwelling in nuclear family are less vulnerable to multidimensional poverty. It is also calculated that the families which have more dependent members have direct relation with multidimensional poverty. On the basis of results, it is recommended to implement anti-poverty programs, combined with quality education, training, and awareness at the grass-roots level, will undoubtedly ensure rural households' socio-economic empowerment.
The Effect of Financial Performance on the Stock Price of Service Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)
Authors: Rasyid Abdul , Zakaria Z.
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the financial performance of PT. Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk based on the analysis method of liquidity ratio, profitability ratio and solvency ratio for the period 2019-2022. The data collection technique used is documentation, with documents in the form of company financial statements in 2019-2022. Data analysis techniques use case study techniques to obtain data as material in the preparation of research. As for analyzing the development of financial performance, this study uses descriptive analysis techniques where the data obtained in the field is processed in such a way as to provide systematic, factual, and accurate data on the problems to be studied. The results showed that the company's financial performance assessment based on the analysis of liquidity ratios, solvency ratios and profitability ratios for the period 2019-2022, with details, namely (a) financial performance based on liquidity ratios has fluctuated in the last 4 years (2019-2022) this is due to the increasing number of current assets and current debt from year to year. (b) Financial performance based on Profitability Ratio has decreased in the last year (2019-2022). This is due to the increasing amount of profit after tax. (c) Financial performance based on Solvency Ratio has decreased in the last year (2019-2022) this is due to the increase in total assets.
Perceptions of the “GEN Zs” on the Image of the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Grigoras Maria
Published: July 2023

The image of the country is one of the key factors influencing the attitude of the people, but also of the organizations towards the respective state. In the ranking “Country Brand Ranking 2022-2023”, the Republic of Moldova ranks 166th, out of 203, between the Republic of Mali and the Kingdom of Lesotho. Even according to the ranking of the Country Brand Strategy (CBS), Moldova did not obtain better results, attributing to the country the grade B (slightly good). The purpose of this article is to find out the perceptions of the “Gen Zs” image of countries, identifying the key elements that would strengthhen these attitudes, so that the active workforce would not subsequently migrate, but to remain in the Republic of Moldova. Exploratory research was used to develop the article, carried out through a variety of methods. Subsequently, summarizing the assessments of the “Gen Zs”, it was found that a systemic policy of cultivation and fortification of the country image is needed internally. Keywords: country image, “Gen Zs”, consumer generations, perceptions, symbol, competitive advantage.
Security of Financial and Accounting Information in the Context of Digital Evolution
Authors: Zaharco Silvia
Published: July 2023

This study analyses the ways of leaking confidential information, the circumstances of legal presentation of the information related to the activity of entities, as well as the responsibilities related to the disclosure of confidential data. The purpose of this article is to elucidate the need to secure financial and accounting information and increase the awareness of accounting professionals regarding the emergence of risks generated by the digitalization of economic processes. The research methodology focused on the use of traditional methods, especially the dynamic and structural analysis of the researched phenomenon. As a result of the observations made, we can mention that securing the financial and accounting information ensures its confidentiality, respectively prevents causing financial or other damages. There is no report or database in the Republic of Moldova with open access that would reflect the situation related to the securing of financial and accounting information, therefore, in the paper the data at the world level were reflected.
ايجاد معاملات بيتا للزوجة ودوال الديناميكا الحرارية للسريان اللزج لبعض الاحماض الامينية اثناء مرور تيار متردد عند جهود كهربية مختلفة
Authors: منصور صابر السيد , الريس ابراهيم حسن , الربيعي ناظم عبد الكريم
Published: July 2023

معرفة ثوابت الديناميكا الحرارية للأحماض الامينية تعتبر من العوامل المساعدة في التعرف على طبيعة البروتينات وخصائصها، لذا كانت هذه الدراسة والتي تم فيها دراسة التغير في اللزوجة لبعض الاحماض الامينية مثل د ل ألانين، ل برولين و ل فالين تحت تأثير تيار متردد متماثل وجهد كهربي من صفر وحتى 250 فولت وتردد 50 هرتز. ووجد ان التيار المتردد المتماثل يعمل على تقليل اللزوجة كتغيرات كمية في تركيب المحاليل، كما تعتمد على خواص المحاليل تحت ممانعة تأثير المجال الكهربي. واظهرت النتائج ان معاملات بيتا للزوجة تأخذ قيم موجبة كما أنها أعلى في حالة تطبيق التيار المتردد منه في حالة غياب التيار المتردد بالإضافة الى انها تزداد مع زيادة طول السلسلة للحمض الاميني.
تأثير استخدام البوزولانا على مقاومة الخرسانة في الأجواء الحارة
Authors: إبراهيم احمد جميل
Published: July 2023

يتضمن البحث دراسة تأثير الأجواء الحارة على مقاومة الانضغاط والانثناء للخرسانة الحاوية على نسب مئوية مختلفة من البوزولانا المطحونة والتي تم استبدالها جزئيا من وزن الاسمنت المستعمل في الخلطات الخرسانية. بينت النتائج بان استخدام البوزولانا المطحونة بحدود 20% من وزن الاسمنت في الخرسانة المصبوبة والمعالجة في الأجواء الحارة يقلل من تأثير ارتفاع درجة الحرارة على مقاومة الانضغاط للخرسانة.
دراسة في بعض الخواص الميكانيكية للصلب المنخفض الكاربون المغطس في سبيكة (Al-14 Wt %Si)
Authors: الدغاري خليفة صالح , الدليمي عباس عبدالله
Published: July 2023

تم في هذا البحث دراسة البلى الجاف للصلب المنخفض الكاربون المغطس في مصهورسبيكة (Al-14%Si) عند درجة حرارةK)  993( ولفترات زمنية مختلفة (12,9,6,3)دقيقة  ومن ثم تبريدها في الهواء . وقد تبين مــــن البحث إن خاصية البلى الجاف تتحسن مع زيادة زمن التغطيس.
Analysis of the Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Neighbouring Countries According to the Government Artificial Intelligence Readiness Index
Authors: Momtshyan Ani , Karapetyan Aram
Published: July 2023

In today's rapidly developing world, many branches of the economy are trying to adapt to new technologies and automate as many processes as possible. Today, we are witnessing the rise of new technologies, with artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI) as the driver of software and the spearhead of the fourth industrial revolution. In the context of the current developments in the field of AI, we emphasize the multifaceted study of the policies conducted by the countries of the region (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Iran, hereinafter referred to as the CR countries) in order to reveal the degree of digitization of their economies, the directions of the main application of AI, the results obtained from political initiatives, AI risks and opportunities, obstacles and reasons for their occurrence.
Ժամանակակից արագ զարգացող աշխարհում տնտեսության շատ ճյուղեր փորձում են հարմարվել նոր տեխնոլոգիաներին և ավտոմատացնել հնարավորինս շատ գործընթացներ: Այսօր մենք նոր տեխնոլոգիաների վերելքի ականատեսն ենք, որում որպես ծրագրային ապահովման շարժիչ և չորրորդ արդյունաբերական հեղափոխությունն առաջ մղող հանդես է գալիս արհեստական բանականությունը (այսուհետ՝ ԱԲ):
В современном быстро развивающемся мире многие отрасли экономики пытаются приспособиться к новым технологиям и максимально автоматизировать процессы. Сегодня мы наблюдаем появление новых технологий с искусственным интеллектом (ИИ) в качестве драйвера программного обеспечения и движущей силы четвертой промышленной революции. В контексте текущих событий в области ИИ подчеркнем многогранное изучение политики, проводимой странами региона (Армения, Грузия, Азербайджан, Турция, Иран, далее страны СР) с целью выявления степени цифровизации их экономик, направления основного применения ИИ, результаты, получаемые от политических инициатив, ИИ-риски и возможности, препятствия и причины их возникновения.
GASTROINTESTINALTRACT: THE WORLD OF ‘SECOND BRAIN’
Authors: Toragal Prajwal , Sankeshwari Seema , Puranik Nagaraja
Published: July 2023

Mothers gift not just life but also a microbial profile to their babies, i.e., for vaginally delivered babies, these communities resemble the specific microbial communities found in the mother’s birth canal; for babies delivered by caesarean section, the communities resemble the skin communities of the mother. These gut microbiota, via a complex bidirectional communication system, interact with the Central Nervous System, the enteric nervous system, and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) (cognitive and emotional centers), referred to as the Gut-Brain axis. Though in contemporary societies microbes have a strong negative connotation and are viewed in a warlike context, not all are harmful but beneficial and indeed crucial for a normal healthy life. As many ongoing research studies link the pathogenesis of various diseases to altered gut microbiota, many studies on the other hand show dramatic recovery with faecal microbiota transplantation, confirming the earlier.
Penggunaan Model Student Team Achiement Divisions (STAD) Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa (Penelitian Pada Mata Pelajaran Biologi Kelas XI IPA Pokok Bahasan Sistem Ekresi di SMA Negeri 27 Bandung Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019)
Authors: Sarip Rustandi
Published: July 2023

The low learning outcomes of students in biology class XI science, the subject of the excretory system, is a problem that must be addressed immediately. The low learning outcomes are due to the low quality of learning in the classroom, including lack of motivation to learn, inappropriate learning models, incomplete infrastructure, and lack of opportunities for teachers to participate in training to improve teacher performance. This study aims to determine the application of the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) learning model in improving student learning outcomes in Biology subjects in class XI IPA on the subject of the excretory system. The results showed that in the first action of the number of students as many as 36 people who got a score greater than or equal to the 2.67 KKM limit, as many as 11 students or 28.95% while in the second action the students who got a score above the KKM or 2 ,67 as many as 32 students or 84.21%. This means that there are significant differences in learning using the STAD method on student learning outcomes, so it can be concluded that learning using the STAD model can improve student learning outcomes in Biology subjects in class XI IPA, the subject of the excretory system.
MITOS VIEJOS Y NUEVOS SOBRE EL CONCEPTO DE SEXUALIDAD
Authors: Sánchez Felix López
Published: July 2023

Proponemos en este artículo, un concepto de sexualidad que pone el acento en lo que de más específico tiene la sexualidad humana. Ésta ha dado un salto cualitativo, porque los seres humanos podemos tomar decisiones sobre nuestra ida sexual y amorosa. Las mujeres pueden desear, excitarse y gozar de la sexualidad en cualquier momento del ciclo, estando embarazas y después de la menopausia. Hombre y mujeres podemos decir “sí” o “no, en todo momento y situación; y podemos construir con libertad nuestra biografía sexual y amorosa. Para ello se analizan algunos viejos y nuevos mitos; y se amplía el concepto de sexualidad con una propuesta de ética sexual y amorosa, frente a los malos usos de la libertad.
Regulative Fe‐3d Orbitals via Lying‐Down Conformation of Metalorganic Molecules‐Axially Coordinated MXene for Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Tran Khoa Dang , Nguyen Thanh Hai , Tran Duy Thanh , Majumdar Abhisek , Dinh Van An , Ta Thi Thuy Nga , Dong Chung‐Li , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: January 2025

A bifunctional electrocatalyst is developed, exhibiting high catalytic activity and reversibility for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) through a regulative Fe d‐orbital engineering strategy. In this strategy, iron phthalocyanine organic molecule (FeOM) crystals are axially coordinated onto multilayer Mo2CTx MXene (FeOM‐Mo2CTx), adopting a lying‐down conformation. This hybridization fosters unique electronic guest–host interactions, with FeOM donating charge to Mo2CTx via Fe−O bonding, leading to symmetry breaking in electronic distribution and modified delocalization of Fe‐3d charge, accompanied by a Fe(II) spin‐state transition. These transformations enhance the adsorption and desorption toward oxygenated intermediates, optimizing the *OOH−*O transition to boost the reversibility of ORR and OER kinetics. The FeOM‐Mo2CTx exhibits a favorable ORR half‐wave potential of 0.961 V and a minimal OER overpotential of 349 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH. The assembled aqueous zinc‐air battery (ZAB) achieves a peak power density of 155.3 mW cm−2 and exceptional charge–discharge durability over 1500 h, outperforming a conventional (Pt/C + RuO2) system. Overall, the findings underscore the significance of electronic structural engineering of FeOM with Mo2CTx, paving the way for innovative air cathodes in the development of rechargeable ZABs with enhanced performance and cost‐effectiveness.
Graphene Quantum Dot‐Modified Mn0.2Cd0.8S for Efficient Overall Photosynthesis of H2O2
Authors: Wang Wang , Chen Zhongyue , Li Chengming , Cheng Bei , Yang Kai , Zhang Song , Luo Guoqiang , Yu Jiaguo , Cao Shaowen
Published: January 2025

The photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the selective two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is emerging as a promising method for producing this important chemical. However, the reliance on sacrificial agents has limited the practical application of many photocatalysts. Herein, nitrogen‐doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) are loaded onto the surface of MnxCd1‐xS solid solution nanowires to enable overall H2O2 photosynthesis in pure water under an air atmosphere. The optimized Mn0.2Cd0.8S/NGQDs (M0.2NG5) composite achieves a high yield of 6885 µmol g−1 h−1, which is 10.4 times and 4.5 times higher than that of CdS (661 µmol g−1 h−1) and Mn0.2Cd0.8S (1522 µmol g−1 h−1), respectively. The NGQDs act as co‐catalysts, enhancing the conductivity of the system. The strong electronegativity and polarity of the incorporated nitrogen and functional groups on the NGQDs edges enhance the ability of carbon atoms to activate O2 into ·O2−. The mechanism of H2O2 photosynthesis is investigated using in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, intermediate trapping experiments, and theoretical calculations. This work offers new insights into the design of non‐noble metal co‐catalyst‐modified photocatalysts for sacrificial‐agent‐free H2O2 production.
An Injectable Multifunctional Nanosweeper Eliminates Cardiac Mitochondrial DNA to Reduce Inflammation
Authors: Li Yi‐Jing , Hua Xiumeng , Zhao Yi‐Qi , Mo Han , Liu Shun , Chen Xiao , Sun Zhe , Wang Weiteng , Zhao Qian , Cui Zeyu , An Tao , Song Jiangping
Published: January 2025

Myocarditis, a leading cause of sudden cardiac death and heart transplantation, poses significant treatment challenges. The study of clinical samples from myocarditis patients reveals a correlation between the pathogenesis of myocarditis and cardiomyocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). During inflammation, the concentration of mtDNA in cardiomyocytes increases. Hence, it is hypothesized that the combined clearance of mtDNA and its downstream STING pathway can treat myocarditis. However, clearing mtDNA is problematic. An innovative mtDNA scavenger is introduced, Nanosweeper (NS), which utilizes its nanostructure to facilitate the transport of NS‐mtDNA co‐assemblies for degradation, achieving mtDNA clearance. The fluorescent mtDNA probe on NS, bound to functional peptides, enhances the stability of NS. NS also exhibits robust stability in human plasma with a half‐life of up to 10 hours. In a murine myocarditis model, NS serves as a drug delivery vehicle, targeting the delivery of the STING pathway inhibitor C‐176 to the myocardium. This approach synergistically modulates the cGAS‐STING axis with NS, effectively attenuating myocarditis‐ associated inflammatory cascade. This evaluation of NS in porcine models corroborated its superior biosafety profile and cardiac targeting capability. This strategic approach of targeted mtDNA clearance couple with STING pathway inhibition, significantly augments therapeutic efficacy against myocarditis, outperforming the conventional drug C‐176, indicating its clinical potential.
An OMV‐Based Nanovaccine as Antigen Presentation Signal Enhancer for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Lu Yichao , Ma Nana , Cheng Keman , Liu Guangna , Liang Jie , Xu Chen , Li Danrui , Cao Cheng , Gao Xiaoyu , Chen Liting , Wang Xinwei , Wang Yazhou , Zhao Xiao , Jiang Kuirong
Published: January 2025

Antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) process tumor vaccines and present tumor antigens as the first signals to T cells to activate anti‐tumor immunity, which process requires the assistance of co‐stimulatory second signals on APCs. The immune checkpoint programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) not only mediates the immune escape of tumor cells but also acts as a co‐inhibitory second signal on APCs. The serious dysfunction of second signals due to the high expression of PD‐L1 on APCs in the tumor body results in the inefficiency of tumor vaccines. To overcome this challenge, a previously established Plug‐and‐Display tumor vaccine platform based on bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is developed into an “Antigen Presentation Signal Enhancer” (APSE) by surface‐modifying PD‐L1 antibodies (αPD‐L1). While delivering tumor antigens, APSE can activate the expression of co‐stimulatory second signals in APCs due to the high immunogenicity of OMVs. More importantly, the surface‐modified αPD‐L1 binds to the co‐inhibitory signals PD‐L1, potentially restoring CD80 function and ensuring efficient co‐stimulatory second signals and activation of anti‐tumor immunity. The results reveal the importance of PD‐L1 blockage in the initiation process of anti‐tumor immunity, and the second signal modulation capability of APSE can expand the application potential of cancer vaccines to less immunogenic malignancies.
Electric Field‐Induced Nonreciprocal Directional Dichroism in a Time‐Reversal‐Odd Antiferromagnet
Authors: Hayashida Takeshi , Matsumoto Koei , Kimura Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2025

Antiferromagnets with broken time‐reversal () symmetry (‐odd antiferromagnets) have gained extensive attention, mainly due to their ferromagnet‐like behavior despite the absence of net magnetization. However, certain types of ‐odd antiferromagnets remain inaccessible by the typical ferromagnet‐like phenomena (e.g., anomalous Hall effect). One such system is characterized by a ‐odd scalar quantity, the magnetic toroidal monopole. To access the broken symmetry in such a system, a unique nonreciprocal optical phenomenon, electric field‐induced nonreciprocal directional dichroism (E‐induced NDD), is employed. Signals of E‐induced NDD are successfully detected in a ‐odd antiferromagnet, Co₂SiO₄, whose magnetic structure is characterized by the magnetic toroidal monopole. Furthermore, by spatially resolving the E‐induced NDD, spatial distributions of a pair of domain states related to one another by the operation are visualized. The domain imaging revealed the inversion of the domain pattern by applying a magnetic field, which is explained by trilinear coupling attributed to the piezomagnetic effect. The observation of E‐induced NDD highlights unique functionalities of ‐odd antiferromagnets.
Engineering Highly Aligned and Densely Populated Cardiac Muscle Bundles via Fibrin Remodeling in 3D‐Printed Anisotropic Microfibrous Lattices
Authors: Mao Mao , Han Kang , Gao Jingyuan , Ren Zhishuo , Zhang Yabo , He Jiankang , Li Dichen
Published: January 2025

Replicating the structural and functional features of native myocardium, particularly its high‐density cellular alignment and efficient electrical connectivity, is essential for engineering functional cardiac tissues. Here, novel electrohydrodynamically printed InterPore microfibrous lattices with anisotropic architectures are introduced to promote high‐density cellular alignment and enhanced tissue interconnectivity. The interconnected pores in the microfibrous lattice enable dynamic, cell‐mediated remodeling of fibrous hydrogels, resulting in continuous, mechanically stable tissue bundles. Compared to lattices with isolated pores, the engineered aligned cardiac tissues from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes exhibit improved electrophysiological properties and synchronous contractions. Using a multiseeding strategy, an equivalent cell seeding density of 8 × 107 cells mL−1, facilitating the formation of multicellular, vascularized cardiac structures with maintained tissue viability and integrity, is achieved. As a demonstration, human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiac tissues are engineered with progressive maturation and functional integration over time. These findings underscore the potential of InterPore microfibrous lattices for applications in cardiac tissue engineering, drug discovery, and therapeutic development.
Computational and AI‐Driven Design of Hydrogels for Bioelectronic Applications
Authors: Finster Rebekah , Sankaran Prashant , Bihar Eloise
Published: January 2025

As hydrogel research progresses, hydrogels are becoming essential tools in bioelectronics and biotechnology. This review explores the diverse range of natural and synthetic gel materials tailored for specific bioelectronic applications, with a focus on their integration with electronic components to create responsive, multifunctional systems. The role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in advancing gel design and functionality from optimizing material properties to enabling precise, predictive modeling is investigated. Furthermore, recent innovations that harness the synergy between hydrogels, electronics, and AI are discussed, emphasizing the potential of these materials to drive future advances in biomedical technologies. AI‐driven approaches are transforming the development of hydrogels for applications in wound healing, biosensing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
Dual‐Pillar Effect in P2‐Type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 Through Na Site Substitution Achieve Superior Electrochemical and Air/Water Dual‐Stability as Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ahmad Nazir , Yu Lai , Muzaffar Muhammad Usman , Peng Bo , Tao Zongzhi , Khan Shahid , Rahman Azizur , Liang Jiacheng , Jiang Zixuan , Ma Xinyi , Zhang Genqiang
Published: January 2025

High‐voltage phase changes limit the capacity and cycle stability of P2‐type sodium‐layered transition metal oxides. In this study, Cu, Zn, and Mg ions are successfully co‐doped into Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 to restrain the phase transition and increase Na+ diffusion with enhanced structural stability. In situ and ex situ evaluations elucidate the structural and charge compensation during high‐voltage operation. Remarkably, the resultant Na0.76Ni0.23Cu0.07Zn0.03Mn0.62Mg0.05O2 (NNCZMMO) cathode exhibits superior rate capability (135 and 94.0 mA h g−1 at 0.1C and 5C), prolonged‐cycling stability (85.4% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 5C) and excellent air/water stability over 40 days. According to density functional theory (DFT), scanning transmisson electron microscopy (STEM), and other assessments, Cu at 2a sites strengthens the metal layer, whereas Zn/Mg on Na sites creates a “dual‐pillar” effect to avoid cracks and O2 phase formation during desodiation. Impressively, NNCZMMO//hard carbon (HC) full‐cell achieved an exceptional average voltage of 3.58 V and an outstanding energy density of 284.7 Wh kg−1 at 60.8 W kg−1 and 104.23 Wh kg−1 at 2439.5 W kg−1. This innovative approach enables the rapid fabrication of high‐energy‐density cathodes for grid‐scale energy‐storage usages.
Special Robotic Stylet for Assisting Endotracheal Intubation Based on Multisegment Continuum Mechanism
Authors: Guo Jiangzhen , Zhang Jianan , Li Xianglong , Wang Mingya , Li Xiang , Guo Xiangyang , Han Yongzheng , Tao Chunjing , Fan Yubo
Published: January 2025

Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a critical procedure in anesthesia and emergency medicine, which requires professional personnel for operations and has a high risk of occupational exposure. Herein, a special robotic stylet is developed based on a multisegment continuum mechanism for specialized assisting ETI, which needs to be inserted into the endotracheal tube and bends the tube to accommodate the airway lumen during insertion. Geometric parameters of the ETI route are measured, and design requirements of the robot are clarified based on medical images. Kinematic models which reflect the motion coupling of multisegment bending are derived. A prototype is designed and fabricated. Five bending phases of three segments are designed for kinematic validation, and results illustrate that the kinematic models present the same features with actual motions of the robotic stylet captured by optical tracking system. An airway model is built based on medical images and a simulated ETI experiment is conducted. Accomplishing this experiment, the design concept of the robotic stylet is approved, which is bending the tube by the multisegment continuum mechanism for guiding the ETI procedure. This study significantly contributes to specialized robot‐aided ETI system, which can strengthen accurate, timely, and safe ETI in anesthesia and emergency treatment.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Conjugated Fluorophores with N‐Heteroaromatic Rings
Authors: Bravo Nestor‐F. , Cifuentes Carlos , Ríos Maria‐C. , Pérez Lady‐J. , Portilla Jaime
Published: January 2025

Fluorescent molecules are vital parts of modern chemistry and find widespread use in our daily lives, being potent tools for quantitatively and qualitatively determining analytes in many habitats, including living systems. Their exceptional properties allow us to visualize and understand complex biological processes, even beyond intracellular levels, advancing our knowledge of life; they also play a focal role in materials science and the environment. All these facts highlight these compounds′ impact in all sciences despite several restricted uses since many dyes have poor synthetic viability and biocompatibility with limited optical and electronic properties. These flaws could be solved by conjugating a representative fluorophore with an N‐heteroaromatic moiety, which has proven helpful in this target. Thus, this review aims to analyze advances from the years 2019 to 2023 in syntheses and photophysical properties of N‐heteroaromatic compounds conjugated with (i) triphenylamine (TPA), (ii) coumarin (CM), (iii) boron complexes (BC), or (iv) aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs).
Smart Luminescent Materials for Emerging Sensors: Fundamentals and Advances
Authors: Manna Anindya S. , Ghosh Sukla , Ghosh Tanmoy , Karchaudhuri Nilay , Das Sandip , Roy Antara , Maiti Dilip K.
Published: January 2025

Smart luminescent materials have drawn a significant attention owing to their unique optical properties and versatility in sensor applications. These materials, encompassing a broad spectrum of organic, inorganic, and hybrid systems including quantum dots, organic dyes, and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), offer tunable emission characteristics that can be engineered at the molecular or nanoscale level to respond to specific stimuli, such as temperature, pH, and chemical presence. This adaptability makes them crucial in developing advanced sensor technologies for environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and industrial applications with the help of the luminescence mechanisms, such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, and upconversion. Recent advancements have been driven by the integration of nanotechnology, which enhances the sensitivity and selectivity of luminescent materials in sensor platforms. The development of photoluminescent and electrochemiluminescent sensors, for instance, has enabled real‐time detection and quantification of target analytes with high accuracy. Additionally, the incorporation of these materials into portable, user‐friendly devices, such as smartphone‐based sensors, broadens their applicability and accessibility. Despite their potential, challenges remain in optimizing the stability, efficiency, and biocompatibility of these materials under different conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of smart luminescent materials, discusses recent innovations in their use for sensor applications, and explores future directions aimed at overcoming current limitations and expanding their capabilities in meeting the growing demand for rapid and cost‐effective sensing solutions.
A new approach for solving the multidimensional control optimization problems with first‐order partial differential equations constraints
Authors: Preeti  , Jayswal Anurag , Antczak Tadeusz
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to provide the linearization technique to solve the multidimensional control optimization problem (MCOP) involving first‐order partial differential equation (PDEs) constraints. Firstly, we use the modified objective function approach for simplifying the aforesaid extremum problem (MCOP) and show that the solution sets of the original control optimization problem and its modified control optimization problem (MCOP)
are equivalent under convexity assumptions. Further, we use the absolute value exact penalty function method to transform (MCOP)
into a penalized control problem (MCOP)
. Then, we establish the equivalence between a minimizer of the modified penalized optimization problem (MCOP)
and a saddle point of the Lagrangian defined for the modified optimization problem (MCOP)
under appropriate convexity hypotheses. Moreover, the results established in the paper are illustrated by some examples of MCOPs involving first‐order PDEs constraints.
The education experiences of young people experiencing child criminal and sexual exploitation
Authors: Lloyd Jenny
Published: January 2025

School exclusion forms part of the processes that can increase young people's risk of offending and involvement in exploitation and harm. However, little is known about the education experiences of young people impacted by harm, such as child sexual and criminal exploitation. This paper presents findings from a survey with 17 children's and families' social care departments in England and Wales to understand the education experiences of children open to social care for extra‐familial harm. The research was undertaken at a time of significant pressure on schools and teachers to improve academic performance. The findings evidence that 45% of young people were in mainstream settings, 85% of young people had experienced some form of exclusion and this differed across gender, disability and ethnicity. Finally, the reasons for exclusion were strongly associated with young people's experiences of exploitation and harm. Two theories of containment are used to understand school exclusion: psychosocial and geopolitical. I argue that exclusionary school practices spatially contain the perceived ‘threat’ young people impacted by extra‐familial harm pose to wider school populations, to emotionally contain professional anxieties about exploitation and violence, in the absence of appropriate educational and safeguarding system responses.
Unveiling the Dynamics of Sustainable Development: A Holistic Examination of Green Organizational Learning, Innovation, and Performance in Indian SMEs
Authors: Malik Irshad Ahmad , Mehraj Danish , u Nissa Viqar , Wani Ambreen Khursheed
Published: January 2025

This study examines the relationships between Green Organizational Learning (GOL), Green Organizational Innovations (GOI), and Organizational Performance (OP) in the manufacturing sector of Jammu and Kashmir. This region is known for its ecological vulnerability and recent shifts towards sustainable practices. The research involved a survey of 470 manufacturing firms using a simple random sampling technique. The study examines how organizations' engagement in environmental sustainability learning and innovation practices influences their performance. The SEM findings revealed a significant positive relationship between GOL and GOI and between GOI and OP. This suggests that adopting green innovations mediates the pathway through which learning about sustainability translates into performance gains. This study highlights the importance of fostering a culture of sustainability‐oriented learning to spur innovation and enhance organizational performance. It also suggests that green innovations serve not just as a direct catalyst for improved performance but as a bridge, that amplifies the impact of organizational learning on performance outcomes. The study offers valuable insights for managers and policymakers who aim to integrate environmental sustainability into their strategic objectives, thereby contributing to global sustainability efforts and achieving competitive advantage.
Exploring the Human Face of Engaged Environmental Strategies: The Role of Chief Executive Officer and Human Capital in Peruvian Firms
Authors: Amores‐Salvadó Javier , Balarezo‐Nuñez Remy Michael , Martín‐de Castro Gregorio , González‐Zubieta Cristian
Published: January 2025

In emerging economies characterized by the absence of strong national regulatory institutional forces, the role of private initiative through companies and entrepreneurs is highly relevant and has a prominent role in addressing environmental problems. This work aims to improve the understanding of the role of two key human‐based organizational factors, such as CEO environmental commitment and green human capital (GHC), on the effective implementation of corporate environmental strategies seeking to integrate and engage market and non‐market stakeholders. Our empirical research was carried out in a sample of 86 Peruvian firms operating in different industries through in‐depth interviews and questionnaires. Our results show the importance of CEO environmental commitment on the implementation of engaged environmental strategies, as well as the mediating and essential role of GHC in this relationship. We contribute to the literature debate by providing theory and empirical insights on the drivers of corporate environmentalism in developing countries, highlighting the importance of the human‐based internal organizational factors as driving forces of corporate environmentalism.
Governing boards play critical role in assessing AI's impact through strategic planning
Authors: Cartwright Anne D. , Anderson Peter C.
Published: January 2025

Overwhelmed by disruptive changes promised by artificial intelligence, college and university governing boards may be tempted to stick their heads in the sand, avoiding confrontation with AI's looming impacts on their institutions.
Did court dismiss student's Title IX claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: January 2025

A 21‐year‐old student at Indiana University was found disoriented and partially nude on campus. The Indiana University Police Department responded to the incident, and emergency medical services transported her to IU Health Bloomington Hospital.
Review rulings involving Title IX
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: January 2025

An overview of the key topics faced by higher education professionals with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Hydrogen‐Rich Bio‐Syngas Production of Empty Fruit Bunch by Novel Limonite Catalytic Gasification
Authors: Anindita Hana Nabila , Rosyadi Erlan , Rini Tyas Puspita , Rahmawati Nurdiah , Dwiratna Bralin , Nursa'adah Restu Siti , Hastuti Zulaicha Dwi , Anggoro Trisno , Prabowo Wargiantoro , Saputro Frendy Rian , Aniza Ria
Published: January 2025

Catalytic biomass gasification is a promising thermochemical conversion pathway for converting palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) into hydrogen (H2) as future energy needed to support the global net‐zero emission goal in 2050. This study developed a limonite catalyst, a byproduct of nickel mining, to enhance hydrogen‐rich bio‐syngas production from EFB gasification. The findings demonstrate that limonite has successfully catalyzed the biomass gasification process with an increase in bio‐syngas production by 27–30 % volume. At an operating temperature of 700 °C, the use of limonite catalyst and steam as gasifying agent produced 24 L of bio‐syngas with H2/CO ratio 15.84, and H2 accounting for the largest share at 63.45 % volume.
Characterization of the Dynamic Behavior of a Stirred Liquid–Liquid System for Process Control
Authors: Bliatsiou Chrysoula , Villwock Jörn , Topalovic Daniel , Panckow Robert Pascal , Knorn Steffi , Kraume Matthias
Published: January 2025

The dynamic behavior of a toluene/NaOH solution system was studied in a batch stirred tank. Characterization by step response experiments showed that the drop size response to stirrer speed steps behaves as a first‐order system, whereas the stirrer speed responds as a second‐order system. The respective time constants differed by at least one order of magnitude, suggesting effective control of the drop size is feasible by adjusting the stirrer speed. Based on experimental data, simple, linear system models were derived for the mean drop diameter and the interfacial area using the stirrer speed as input variable. Validation experiments showed good model qualities of about 70 % and the design of test trajectories proved the model's usability in an open‐loop control.
Biochar produced from pressed palm fibre to removal β‐carotene from crude palm oil
Authors: Segala Bibiane Nardes , Steffens Bruna Clarissa , Ballus Cristiano Augusto , Bertuol Daniel Assumpção , Tanabe Eduardo Hiromitsu
Published: January 2025

Adsorbents produced from the reuse of pressed palm fibres, a residue derived from the palm oil extraction process, are an alternative to commercial adsorbents for the removal of β‐carotene from crude palm oil. Two adsorbents produced by the pyrolysis of pressed palm fibres were analyzed, where one was chemically activated with phosphoric acid and the other was not activated. Under the conditions studied, biochar activated with phosphoric acid presented an adsorption capacity of 2.99 mg g−1 and 86% β‐carotene removal. The results of kinetic tests indicated that the pseudo‐second order (PSO) model revealed the best fit to the experimental data. The isothermal curves suggested the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model adjusted better for the isotherms of 30, 40, and 50°C, while the Freundlich model was the one that best described the isotherm of 60°C. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, favourable, and endothermic. Furthermore, the activated biochar showed a significant reduction in phosphorus content, indicating an alternative to commercial adsorbents (bleaching earths) traditionally used in the crude palm oil refining process, while also aligning with the principles of the circular economy. Analyses were carried out to characterize the adsorbent material and quantify the oil quality parameters.
Sustainable steel production: a question of the reducing agent
Authors: Zell Lukas , Nick Jonas , Quarthal Dominik , Oetken Marco , Friedrich Jens
Published: January 2025

Die Stahlindustrie zählt zu den größten Verursachern von Kohlenstoffdioxid‐Emissionen. Um die Emissionen zu reduzieren, gibt es Bestrebungen, Eisen nicht durch Kohle, sondern durch Methan oder Wasserstoff zu reduzieren. Diese beiden Reduktionsmittel haben im Vergleich zu Kohlenstoff den Vorteil, weniger bis gar keine direkten Kohlenstoffdioxidemissionen zu generieren. Im Kontext eines zukunftsorientierten Chemieunterrichts werden in diesem Artikel zwei Experimente zur Reduktion von Eisen(III)‐oxid mit Wasserstoff und Methan vorgestellt.
Host‐Matrix Interactions and Molecular Functionalization: Shaping the Delayed Emission Properties of Indenophenanthridine Derivatives
Authors: Govindharaj Prasannamani , Kannan Jamuna , Shanmugam Sivakumar , Data Przemysław
Published: January 2025

The advancement of organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials has attracted considerable interest owing to their extensive applications. Their distinct advantages, including a metal‐free composition, low toxicity, and facile synthesis under ambient conditions, make them highly desirable. This study examines the delayed fluorescence (DF) and RTP of metal‐free, amorphous indenophenanthridine (IND)‐based derivatives (1–10) and provides insights into molecular functionalisation and host matrix effects on delayed emission (RTP and DF). IND derivatives have been used in bioimaging and organic analyte detections; however, their delayed emission mechanism photophysical processes are poorly understood. This work examines the derivatives’ physicochemical properties and time‐resolved photophysics to determine how molecular structure, host interaction, and delayed emission properties relate. The described IND compounds show RTP and/or TTA (triplet‐triplet annihilation) delayed fluorescence depending on the host environment. This research lays the groundwork for designing and developing new materials with increased RTP efficiency for future applications by detailing the detailed RTP processes and the crucial function of the host matrix.
Acceleration of Large‐Scale Power System Analysis Including Phase‐Domain Rotating Machine Models Using Partial Refactorization in Electromagnetic Transient Analysis
Authors: Yonezawa Rikido , Kawasaki Shoji
Published: January 2025

One of the models for rotating machines, such as synchronous machines and induction machines, is the phase‐domain model, which is characterized by formulating the circuit equations of the rotating machine in the phase domain and solving them simultaneously with the external system to which the rotating machine is connected. Although this model has excellent numerical stability and calculation accuracy, it requires refactorization of the subcircuit that includes the rotating machine at each calculation time step, which degrades the calculation speed. This paper describes the results of an attempt to improve the calculation speed when using the phase‐domain model by using partial refactorization, which makes the refactorization process more efficient.
Unlocking the power of empagliflozin: Rescuing inflammation in hyperglycaemia‐ exposed human cardiomyocytes through comprehensive multi‐level analysis
Authors: Benedetti Rosaria , Chianese Ugo , Papulino Chiara , Scisciola Lucia , Cortese Mirko , Formisano Pietro , Del Gaudio Nunzio , Cabaro Serena , D'Esposito Vittoria , Pesapane Ada , Conte Mariarosaria , Signoriello Giuseppe , Barbieri Michelangela , Altucci Lucia , Paolisso Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

Aims

Hyperglycaemic conditions increase cardiac stress, a common phenomenon associated with inflammation, aging, and metabolic imbalance. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, a class of anti‐diabetic drugs, showed to improve cardiovascular functions although their mechanism of action has not yet been fully established. This study investigated the effects of empagliflozin on cardiomyocytes following high glucose exposure, specifically focusing on inflammatory and metabolic responses.

Methods and results

A three‐part strategy was formulated: (i) a meta‐analysis of selected randomized clinical trials was carried out to assess the anti‐inflammatory effects of empagliflozin in diabetic patients; (ii) the impact of empagliflozin on human cardiomyocyte AC16 cells exposed to normal (5 mM) and high (33 mM) glucose concentrations for 2 and 7 days was explored by evaluating gene expression and protein levels of pivotal markers associated with cardiac inflammation, stress, endoplasmic reticulum damage, and calcium modulation; (iii) in silico data from bioinformatic analyses were exploited to construct an interaction map delineating the potential mechanism of action of empagliflozin on cardiac tissue. Empagliflozin reversed high‐glucose mediated alterations at the transcriptional level, decreasing inflammatory, metabolic, and aging signatures. Specifically, in vitro experiments on human cardiomyocytes, meta‐analyses of clinical data on inflammatory biomarkers from diabetic peripheral blood samples, and sequencing of pathological human heart tissues, all support that empagliflozin exerts anti‐inflammatory effects both systemically and directly in cardiac tissue, on cardiomyocytes.

Conclusion

Our study provides insights based on robust mechanistic data for optimizing heart failure management and highlights the intricate interplay between diabetes, inflammation, aging, and cardiovascular health.