bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Palliative Surgery in Gynecologic Cancer Cases
Authors: Hope Joanie Mayer , Pothuri Bhavana
Published: January 2013

abstract

CME Learning Objectives

Describe the range of palliative procedures utilized in gynecologic cancers. Evaluate the indications for palliative bowel surgery in ovarian cancer. Assess the clinical scenario for which palliative pelvic exenteration would be considered. Compare the morbidities associated with palliative gynecologic surgeries to the potential benefits gained.

The decision to undergo major palliative surgery in end-stage gynecologic cancer is made when severe disease symptoms significantly hinder quality of life. Malignant bowel obstruction, unremitting pelvic pain, fistula formation, tumor necrosis, pelvic sepsis, and chronic hemorrhage are among the reasons patients undergo palliative surgeries. This review discusses and summarizes the literature on surgical management of malignant bowel obstruction and palliative pelvic exenteration in gynecologic oncology.
Multiple regression modeling for estimating endocranial volume in extinct Mammalia
Authors: Soul Laura C. , Benson Roger B. J. , Weisbecker Vera
Published: January 2013

The profound evolutionary success of mammals has been linked to behavioral and life-history traits, many of which have been tied to brain size. However, studies of the evolution of this key trait have yet to explore the full potential of the fossil record, being limited by the difficulty of obtaining endocranial data from fossils. Using measurements of endocranial volume, length, height, and width of the braincase in 503 adult specimens from 199 extant species, representing 99 of 133 extant mammalian families, we expand upon a simple method of using multiple regression to develop a formula for estimating brain size from external skull measurements. We also examined non-mammalian synapsids to assess the phylogenetic limits of our model's application. Model-predicted volume correlates strongly with measured volume (R2= 0.993) and prediction error is between 16% and 19%. Error decreases if models developed for well-sampled subclades such as primates or rodents are used, demonstrating that some differential evolution of the relationship between brain size and skull size has occurred. However, reanalysis using phylogenetically independent contrasts demonstrates weak phylogenetic dependency, indicating that our model is appropriate for estimating the endocranial volume of species of unknown phylogenetic affinity. Thus, the model represents a generally applicable, fast and cost-efficient way to dramatically expand the taxonomic and temporal scope of mammalian brain size data sets. Even endocranial volumes of taxa with highly derived crania, such as cetaceans and monotremes, can be estimated confidently. However, the model works best for generalized placental crania. Fundamental differences in cranial architecture suggest that the model cannot provide accurate estimates of endocranial volume in non-mammalian synapsids more basal thanMorganucodon(ca. 200 Ma). Therefore, use of the model for taxa phylogenetically distant from the mammalian crown group is not warranted, but it might be used to establish relative brain sizes between closely related subgroups.
The cryptic and the apparent reversed: lack of genetic differentiation within the morphologically diverse plexus of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer
Authors: André Aurore , Weiner Agnes , Quillévéré Frédéric , Aurahs Ralf , Morard Raphaël , Douady Christophe J. , de Garidel-Thoron Thibault , Escarguel Gilles , de Vargas Colomban , Kucera Michal
Published: January 2013

Previous genetic studies of extant planktonic foraminifera have provided evidence that the traditional, strictly morphological definition of species in these organisms underestimates their biodiversity. Here, we report the first case where this pattern is reversed. The modern (sub)tropical species plexus Globigerinoides sacculifer is characterized by large morphological variability, which has led to the proliferation of taxonomic names attributed to morphological end-members within the plexus. In order to clarify the taxonomic status of its morphotypes and to investigate the genetic connectivity among its currently partly disjunct (sub)tropical populations, we carried out a global survey of two ribosomal RNA regions (SSU and ITS-1) in all recent morphotypes of the plexus collected throughout (sub)tropical surface waters of the global ocean. Unexpectedly, we find an extremely reduced genetic variation within the plexus and no correlation between genetic and morphological divergence, suggesting taxonomical overinterpretation. The genetic homogeneity within the morphospecies is unexpected, considering its partly disjunct range in the (sub)tropical Atlantic and Indo-Pacific and its old age (early Miocene). A sequence variant in the rapidly evolving ITS-1 region indicates the existence of an exclusively Atlantic haplotype, which suggests an episode of relatively recent (last glacial) isolation, followed by subsequent resumption of unidirectional gene flow from the Indo-Pacific into the Atlantic. This is the first example in planktonic foraminifera where the morphological variability in a morphospecies exceeds its rDNA genetic variability. Such evidence for inconsistent scaling of morphological and genetic diversity in planktonic foraminifera could complicate the interpretation of evolutionary patterns in their fossil record.
Reconstructing predation pressure on crinoids: estimating arm-loss rates from regenerating arms
Authors: Baumiller Tomasz K. , Gahn Forest J.
Published: January 2013

The regeneration abilities of crinoids not only are important to understanding crinoid ecology, but also can serve as the basis for assessing the pressure exerted on crinoids by predators both in the Recent and in the geologic past. This is especially true of regenerating arms, because arm loss, and subsequent regeneration, is thought to result from interactions with predators, primarily fish. However, the commonly used regeneration-based proxy for predation pressure (proportion of individuals with regenerating arms) does not provide a measure of the rate at which those events occurred. Here we present a method for reconstructing thearm-loss rate per individual, a more direct proxy of predation pressure. This metric accounts for differences in arm length, arm number, and branching pattern, features highly variable among taxa, among environments, and through geologic time. Normalizing for those characters permits the transformation of observed proportions of regenerating arms to rates that can be compared across samples of morphologically distinct crinoids. Applying this method to a Recent crinoid (Cenometra bella) reveals that this shallow-water comatulid loses arms at a rate of about once every ten days. The same approach reveals that Mississippian shallow-water crinoids (Rhodocrinites kirbyi) experienced arm loss much less frequently, approximately once every 36 days, suggesting that predation pressure on crinoids today is greater than it was in the Mississippian.
Molecular paleobiology of early-branching animals: integrating DNA and fossils elucidates the evolutionary history of hexactinellid sponges
Authors: Dohrmann Martin , Vargas Sergio , Janussen Dorte , Collins Allen G. , Wörheide Gert
Published: January 2013

Reconciliation of paleontological and molecular phylogenetic evidence holds great promise for a better understanding of the temporal succession of cladogenesis and character evolution, especially for taxa with a fragmentary fossil record and uncertain classification. In zoology, studies of this kind have largely been restricted to Bilateria. Hexactinellids (glass sponges) readily lend themselves to test such an approach for early-branching (non-bilaterian) animals: they have a long and rich fossil record, but for certain taxa paleontological evidence is still scarce or ambiguous. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus for taxonomic interpretations, and discrepancies exist between neontological and paleontological classification systems. Using conservative fossil calibration constraints and the largest molecular phylogenetic data set assembled for this group, we infer divergence times of crown-group Hexactinellida in a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock framework. With some notable exceptions, our results are largely congruent with interpretations of the hexactinellid fossil record, but also indicate long periods of undocumented evolution for several groups. This study illustrates the potential of an integrated molecular/paleobiological approach to reconstructing the evolution of challenging groups of organisms.
First evidence of a bolosaurid parareptile in France (latest Carboniferous-earliest Permian of the Autun basin) and the spatiotemporal distribution of the Bolosauridae
Authors: Falconnet Jocelyn
Published: January 2013

A new species of Bolosauridae, Belebey augustodunensis, is described from fragmentary cranial material collected in the late Gzhelian-Asselian beds of the Autun basin, central France. Be. augustodunensis is one of the oldest bolosaurids and represents the first occurrence of the family in France. The dentition of this species is unique within Bolosauridae in exhibiting a progressive shift from a mesio– to a disto-lingual orientation of the tooth apex and lingual facet. Other features show that Be. augustodunensis belongs to the genus Belebey, although it lacks several specializations known in other species of the genus. A review of the valid bolosaurid taxa increases their stratigraphic and geographic distribution, in addition to the description of Be. augustodunensis. The distributions and diversification of Bolosauridae are briefly discussed.
A new vertebrate Lagerstätte from the Lower Permian of France (Franchesse, Massif Central): palaeoenvironmental implications for the Bourbon-l'Archambault basin
Authors: Steyer J.-Sébastien , Sanchez Sophie , Debriette Pierre J. , Valli Andrea M.F. , Escuille François , Pohl Burkhard , Dechambre Roger-Paul , Vacant Renaud , Spence Christopher , de Ploëg Gaël
Published: January 2013

A new vertebrate locality from the Lower Permian (Cisuralian) of the Bourbon-l'Archambault basin (Massif Central, France) is reported and its associated flora and fauna preliminarily described. This locality corresponds to a mass mortality assemblage deposited in an aquatic environment. Interestingly, it has yielded hundreds of exceptionally well preserved seymouriamorph specimens, all referred to Discosauriscus austriacus. This exquisite assemblage corresponds to the first seymouriamorph Lagerstätte and the first record of D. austriacus outside the Boskovice basin in Czechia. It enlarges the geographical distribution of the species during the Early Permian, and has new palaeoenvironmental implications regarding the Palaeozoic Bourbon-l'Archambault basin.
A new glyptosaurine lizard from the earliest Eocene of Dormaal, Belgium
Authors: Sullivan Robert M. , Augé Marc , Wille Eric , Smith Richard
Published: January 2013

A new glyptosaurine lizard ?Placosaurus ragei, n. sp., is recognized as being distinct from Paraplacosauriops quercyi in having a lightly built dentary, incipient heterodont teeth, lower tooth count (19), and teeth that are more gracile compared to other European glyptosaurine lizards. ?Placosaurus ragei also differs from “Placosaurus” europaeus, which has a prominent homodont dentition and is more massive. A second specimen, an isolated, nearly complete parietal, partly covered with hexagonal and polygonal osteoderms, is referable to the European glyptosaurin Placosaurus and is provisionally referred to the species ?Placosaurus ragei. A third specimen, an incomplete right frontal fragment of an indeterminate “melanosaurin,” may represent a new taxon, or may be referable to the well-known Western European taxon Placosauriops.

Taxa pertaining to both tribes (Glyptosaurini and “Melanosaurini”) of glyptosaurine lizards have been recovered from the lower Eocene deposits of Dormaal, Belgium. Their apparent sudden appearance is interpreted as marking entry into western Europe. The Dormaal locality has been correlated to reference level MP7 and thus is considered to be of early Eocene age. Glyptosaurine lizards probably dispersed into western Europe, from North America, through the Greenland bridge during late Paleocene/early Eocene time.
Puppigerus camperi (Testudines: Cryptodira: Cheloniidae) from the Ypresian (Early Eocene) of Ouled Abdoun basin, Morocco
Authors: Tong Haiyan , Hirayama Ren , Tabouelle Jérôme
Published: January 2013

A well preserved skull of Puppigerus camperi (Testudines: Cryptodira: Cheloniidae) is reported from the Ypresian (Early Eocene) phosphate deposits of the Ouled Abdoun basin, Morocco. This discovery adds an additional element to the rich turtle assemblages hitherto known in the Ouled Abdoun basin, suggesting further close relationships with the Paleogene sea turtle fauna from northwestern Europe.
Presence of iguanid lizards in the European Oligocene Lazarus taxa and fossil abundance
Authors: Augé Marc , Pouit Daniel
Published: January 2013

During the Eocene, iguanid lizards were a diverse and widespread group in Europe. Prior to this study, no iguanid was known in Europe after the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Some specimens from the locality of Pech-du-Fraysse (late Oligocene, MP28, France, Phosphorites du Quercy) are described. They belong to the Iguanidae, more precisely to the genus Geiseltaliellus, demonstrating that iguanid lizards survived the Eocene-Oligocene extinctions in Europe, only to disappear in the aftermath, certainly during the latest Oligocene. Thus, Geiseltaliellus is recognized as a Lazarus taxa. Explanations pertaining to the Lazarus effect are examined.
Evaluation of Grass and Legume Species as Perennial Ground Covers in Corn Production
Authors: Flynn E. Scott , Moore Kenneth J. , Singer Jeremy W. , Lamkey Kendall R.
Published: January 2013

Corn (Zea mays L.) stover has been identified as an important feedstock for biofuel production but its removal will likely increase soil erosion. To address this issue 35 species of grasses and legumes were evaluated as potential perennial ground covers (PGCs) in corn. Selection of species encompassed both C3 and C4 species with a wide range of developmental and morphological features. The objectives were to (i) identify species that could support a high level of corn production while requiring minimal management and (ii) identify morphological traits and growth habits of suitable entries as PGC. Over the 3‐yr study period species with slow growing and spreading habits were more conducive to corn production, even though these PGCs still caused an average 23% reduction in corn grain yield. Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.), sheep fescue (Festuca ovina L.), Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa L.), fowl bluegrass (Poa palustris L.), and colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) were identified as suitable PGC species. These species were generally shorter and slower to spread into the corn rows compared with other, more aggressive species. Based on these observations an ideotype for future PGC species should be low growing, clump forming, and shade tolerant and have delayed green‐up in the spring.
Cold Temperature Episode at Seedling and Flowering Stages Reduces Growth and Yield Components in Sorghum
Authors: Maulana Frank , Tesso Tesfaye T.
Published: January 2013

Cold temperature is one of the major abiotic constraints to sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in the United States. Though the effect on germination and establishment are well documented, the impact of the stress on adult plant traits is not known. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of cold temperature at two growth stages and identify genetic sources of tolerance for use in breeding programs. Three genotypes, Shan Qui Red (tolerant), SRN39 (susceptible), and Pioneer 84G62, were subjected to two temperature regimes, cold temperature [15°C (day) and 13°C (night)] and control temperature [25°C (day) and 23°C (night)], at seedling and flowering stages using growth chambers, and the stresses lasted 10 d. Another 136 accessions were evaluated in the field under cold and control temperatures imposed by varying planting dates. Data were collected on emergence, seedling growth parameters, phenology, and yield components. Early season cold stress reduced seedling vigor (3.4 vs. 1.2) and leaf chlorophyll content (28.83 vs. 36.59) and delayed flowering and maturity by 8 and 4 d, respectively, but had no effect on yield components and plant height. Stress at flowering stage delayed maturity by 9 d and significantly reduced all yield components. The effect of cold stress at seedling stage may not be critical to yield provided that emergence is not affected. Stress at flowering, however, may be detrimental and the effects seem irreversible.
Improving Stagonospora nodorum Resistance in Wheat: A Review
Authors: Francki Michael G.
Published: January 2013

Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) is a significant fungal disease of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) caused by Stagonospora nodorum, in which reduced grain yield is caused when the pathogen infects flag leaves and glumes at the critical time of grain filling. Wheat breeding programs have made limited progress in improving resistance to SNB due to the underlying complexity of the pathogen, host resistance, and their interactions. There has been an increase in knowledge of components of host–pathogen interactions in the past five decades, including pathogen diversity, biological factors contributing toward pathogen infection, environmental conditions favoring disease progression, and the genetics of host resistance. This review captures major outcomes and assesses different approaches and methodologies for improving resistance to SNB. The review concludes by proposing strategies for deploying, selecting, and combining gene and trait combinations in genetic backgrounds and improving methods for evaluation and selection of SNB resistance in wheat breeding.
Microsporogenesis and Microgametogenesis of Male‐Sterile Mutant ms1 in Alfalfa
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Feng Guanghui , Deng Zhigang , Wang Wenbin , Jin Liang
Published: January 2013

The use of male sterile lines is one of the ways to reduce the selfing rates and thus maximize heterosis in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). A spontaneous, stable male sterile mutant ms1 has been derived from M. sativa ‘Graze401’. In this paper, the microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis have been examined in ms1 and wild‐type plants under light and scanning electron microscopy. There were no significant differences of anther development between ms1 and the wild‐type plants until the end of the tetrad stage. The abortive development of anthers was initiated no later than the young microspore stage, as indicated by the appearance of large vacuoles in tapetal cells and the delayed tapetum degeneration leading to abortion of microsporogenesis. The shrunken shape and abnormal smooth surface of pollen walls in ms1 was observed, in which an incomplete exine formation on sterile microspores may indicate insufficient deposition of pollen kitt from the tapetal cells as well as microspores. Abnormalities of male meiosis in ms1 included lagged chromosomes, chromosome bridges, scattered chromosomes, micronuclei, and asynchronous chromosome segregations during meiosis II. We concluded that this new male sterile mutant is stable with normal stamen development but complete pollen abortion at a late stage of microsporogenesis.
Plant Mortality and Natural Selection May Increase Biomass Yield in Switchgrass Swards
Authors: Casler Michael D. , Smart Alexander J.
Published: January 2013

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an important candidate for bioenergy feedstock production, prompting significant efforts to increase the number of breeding programs and the output of those programs. The objective of this experiment was to determine the potential utility of natural selection for survivorship in switchgrass swards as a tool for improving efficiency of progeny‐test‐based recurrent selection programs in switchgrass. One hundred random surviving plants were selected from 5‐yr‐old plots of six cultivars grown at five locations. Progeny of each population were grown in a four‐location field experiment in Illinois and Wisconsin in direct comparison to their parent populations. On average, natural selection for survivorship increased biomass yield by 6.7%. The northernmost (i.e., coldest) selection location had the greatest response among the five locations (13.2%) while the most genetically diverse cultivar had the greatest response among the cultivars (23.5%). Results were highly variable among cultivars and selection locations, but there were no significant negative responses, suggesting that the genetic correlation between survivorship and biomass yield in switchgrass ranges from zero to some positive value. Selection for survivorship within switchgrass sward plots has the potential to improve efficiency of family‐based selection methods designed to improve biomass yieldpotential.
Effects of Verticillium dahliae Infection on Stem‐End Chip Defect Development in Potatoes
Authors: Wang Yi , Bethke Paul C.
Published: January 2013

Potato chips are the most popular snack food in the United States with annual retail sales of over US$6 billion. Stem‐end chip defect, which is characterized by dark color of the vasculature and surrounding tissues at the tuber stem end portion of fried chips, is an important tuber quality concern for U.S. chip production. The cause of stem‐end chip defect is not known. Verticillium wilt, caused by a vascular fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is a persistent disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and other vegetables that causes early plant senescence and yield reductions. A 2‐yr field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of V. dahliae on stem‐end chip defect development and the activity of acid invertase at the apical (bud) and basal (stem) ends of tubers. Our results show that potato plants that were more infected with V. dahliae had a higher incidence of severe stem‐end chip defects than plants with less V. dahliae infection. Verticillium dahliae infection of plants was correlated with an upregulation of acid invertase activity and an accumulation of reducing sugars on the stem end of tubers. Reducing sugars give rise to dark‐colored defects as a result of pigments produced by the Maillard reaction during frying.
Strip Planting a Legume into Warm‐Season Grass Pasture: Defoliation Effects During the Year of Establishment
Authors: Castillo Miguel S. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Blount Ann R. , Ferrell Jason A. , Williams Mary J. , Mackowiak Cheryl L.
Published: January 2013

Novel approaches are needed for overcoming barriers to successful association of herbaceous legumes with grasses in warm‐climate pastures and to identify low‐cost, long‐term solutions to the problem of N limitation in low‐input systems. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate defoliation management options during the year of establishment when rhizoma peanut (RP) (Arachis glabrata Benth.) was strip planted into existing bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé). Treatments were four defoliation strategies: (i) Control (no defoliation of the planted RP strip and adjacent bahiagrass harvested for hay), (ii) Hay Production (RP strip and adjacent bahiagrass harvested for hay every 28 d), (iii) Simulated Continuous Stocking (pastures grazed weekly), and (iv) Rotational Stocking (pastures grazed every 28 d). Simulated Continuous and Rotational Stocking reduced RP canopy cover and frequency of occurrence. Greatest RP cover during the establishment year was achieved in August with 32 and 29% for the Control and Hay Production treatments compared to 5 and 4% for Simulated Continuous and Rotational Stocking, respectively. Spread of RP was least in Simulated Continuous Stocking. Light penetration to the level of RP in the canopy was not a primary driver of RP response because it was greatest for grazed plots where RP performed poorest. Results show that defoliation management during the establishment year is critical and if pastures are defoliated, hay production is the recommended option.
Comparative study of binding strengths of heavy metals with humic acid
Authors: Kostic Ivana , Andjelkovic Tatjana , Nikolic Ruzica , Cvetkovic Tatjana , Pavlovic Dusica , Bojic Aleksandar
Published: January 2013

The complexation of humic acid with certain heavy metal ions (Co(II), Ni(II),
Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II)) was investigated. The stability constants of
humate complexes were determined by method which is based on distribution of
metal ions between solution and resin in the presence and the absence of
ligand, known as Schubert?s ion exchange method. Experiments were performed
at 25 ?C, at pH 4.0 and ionic strength of 0.01 mol dm-3. It was found that
the 1:1 complexes were formed between metal ions and humic acid. Obtained
results of the stability constants, log ?mn, of complexes formed between the
metal ions and humic acid follow the order Co(II) < Ni(II) < Cu(II) > Zn(II)
which is the same like in the Irving-Williams series for the binding strength
of divalent metal ion complexes. Stability constant of complex between Pb(II)
ions and humic acid is greater than stability constants of other investigated
metal-humate complexes. The investigation of interaction between heavy metal
ions and humics is important for the prediction of the distribution and
control of the migration of heavy metals in natural environment.
Cutting temperature measurement and material machinability
Authors: Nedic Bogdan , Eric Milan
Published: January 2013

Cutting temperature is very important parameter of cutting process. Around
90% of heat generated during cutting process is then away by sawdust, and the
rest is transferred to the tool and workpiece. In this research cutting
temperature was measured with artificial thermocouples and question of
investigation of metal machinability from aspect of cutting temperature was
analyzed. For investigation of material machinability during turning
artificial thermocouple was placed just below the cutting top of insert, and
for drilling thermocouples were placed through screw holes on the face
surface. In this way was obtained simple, reliable, economic and accurate
method for investigation of cutting machinability.
Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Novel Locus Contributing to Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility in Sikhs of Punjabi Origin From India
Authors: Saxena Richa , Saleheen Danish , Been Latonya F. , Garavito Martha L. , Braun Timothy , Bjonnes Andrew , Young Robin , Ho Weang Kee , Rasheed Asif , Frossard Philippe , Sim Xueling , Hassanali Neelam , Radha Venkatesan , Chidambaram Manickam , Liju Samuel , Rees Simon D. , Ng Daniel Peng-Keat , Wong Tien-Yin , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Hara Kazuo , Tanaka Yasushi , Hirose Hiroshi , McCarthy Mark I. , Morris Andrew P. ,   DIAGRAM,   MuTHER,   AGEN, Basit Abdul , Barnett Anthony H. , Katulanda Prasad , Matthews David , Mohan Viswanathan , Wander Gurpreet S. , Singh Jai Rup , Mehra Narinder K. , Ralhan Sarju , Kamboh M. Ilyas , Mulvihill John J. , Maegawa Hiroshi , Tobe Kazuyuki , Maeda Shiro , Cho Yoon S. , Tai E. Shyong , Kelly M. Ann , Chambers John C. , Kooner Jaspal S. , Kadowaki Takashi , Deloukas Panos , Rader Daniel J. , Danesh John , Sanghera Dharambir K.
Published: January 2013

We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a multistage meta-analysis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Punjabi Sikhs from India. Our discovery GWAS in 1,616 individuals (842 case subjects) was followed by in silico replication of the top 513 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (P < 10−3) in Punjabi Sikhs (n = 2,819; 801 case subjects). We further replicated 66 SNPs (P < 10−4) through genotyping in a Punjabi Sikh sample (n = 2,894; 1,711 case subjects). On combined meta-analysis in Sikh populations (n = 7,329; 3,354 case subjects), we identified a novel locus in association with T2D at 13q12 represented by a directly genotyped intronic SNP (rs9552911, P = 1.82 × 10−8) in the SGCG gene. Next, we undertook in silico replication (stage 2b) of the top 513 signals (P < 10−3) in 29,157 non-Sikh South Asians (10,971 case subjects) and de novo genotyping of up to 31 top signals (P < 10−4) in 10,817 South Asians (5,157 case subjects) (stage 3b). In combined South Asian meta-analysis, we observed six suggestive associations (P < 10−5 to < 10−7), including SNPs at HMG1L1/CTCFL, PLXNA4, SCAP, and chr5p11. Further evaluation of 31 top SNPs in 33,707 East Asians (16,746 case subjects) (stage 3c) and 47,117 Europeans (8,130 case subjects) (stage 3d), and joint meta-analysis of 128,127 individuals (44,358 case subjects) from 27 multiethnic studies, did not reveal any additional loci nor was there any evidence of replication for the new variant. Our findings provide new evidence on the presence of a population-specific signal in relation to T2D, which may provide additional insights into T2D pathogenesis.
Human Leukocyte/Endothelial Cell Interactions and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Their Association With Silent Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Hernandez-Mijares Antonio , Rocha Milagros , Rovira-Llopis Susana , Bañuls Celia , Bellod Lorena , de Pablo Carmen , Alvarez Angeles , Roldan-Torres Ildefonso , Sola-Izquierdo Eva , Victor Victor M.
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes is associated with oxidative stress and increased mortality, but a possible correlation between leukocyte-endothelium interactions, oxidative stress, and silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) is yet to be confirmed.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Mitochondrial dysfunction and interactions between leukocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were evaluated in 200 type 2 diabetic patients (25 with SMI) and 60 body composition– and age-matched control subjects. A possible correlation between these parameters and the onset of SMI was explored, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters were also analyzed.

RESULTS

Waist, levels of triglycerides, proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α), HbA1c, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glucose, and insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects. However, no statistical differences in hs-CRP and insulin levels were detected when the data were adjusted for waist. None of these parameters varied between SMI and non-SMI patients. Mitochondrial function was impaired and leukocyte-endothelium interactions were more frequent among diabetic patients, which was evident in the lower mitochondrial O2 consumption, membrane potential, polymorphonuclear cell rolling velocity, and GSH/GSSG ratio, and in the higher mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and rolling flux, adhesion, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin molecules observed in these subjects. Moreover, these differences correlated with SMI. Statistical differences were maintained after adjusting the data for BMI and waist, with the exception of VCAM-1 levels when adjusted for waist.

CONCLUSIONS

Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endothelium-inducing leukocyte-endothelium interactions are features of type 2 diabetes and correlate with SMI.
Management of hyperclycemia in Type2 diabetes: older and newer drugs
Authors: Ahasan HAM Nazmul
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13229 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 1-2
Factors influencing the quality of life of stroke patients
Authors: Nayeem A , Anwarullah AKM , Sardar MH , Hossain MZ , Zaman F , Islam MN
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13230 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 3-7
Major co-morbidities in stroke patients: a hospital based study in Bangladesh
Authors: Mondal BA , Chowdhury RN , Rahman KM , Khan SU , Hasan ATMH , Hoque MA , Haque B , Khan MZR , Habib M , Mohammad QD
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13233 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 16-22
Serum homocysteine levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Alam N , Chowdhury AW , Hossain MZ , Khondoker MAH , Mallik MU , Amin MR , Hasan GMS
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13234 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 23-27
Incidence of ABO and Rh D blood group among the people attending in Transfusion Medicine Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Chowdhury FS , Begum HA , Begum HA , Nazreen Z , Siddiqui MAE , Hoque MM , Islam K , Abbasi AA , Deb SR
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13236 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 37-40
Comparative study of intralesional triamcinolone alone and combination of triamcinolone plus 5-flurouracil for the treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scar
Authors: Begum ST , Zakaria ASM
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13238 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 46-54
A comparative study on prophylactic antibiotic between its short term use and traditional long term use in elective surgery - study of 100 cases
Authors: Al Mamun A , Mustafa ASMF , Hasan M , Alauddin M , Rahman A , Haque AHMA
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13240 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 60-65
Medicine prescribing pattern of dermatology outpatient department in tertiary level hospital at Dhaka City
Authors: Sarker SK , Ali CM , Khan MI , Khan MI , Rahman H , Rahman KA
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13241 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 66-68
Troponin I Level and cardiac outcomes in patients with unstable angina and non-ST-elevated myocardial infaction admitted in NICVD, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Asaduzzaman M , Rahman AKMM , Huda RM , Hossain MZ , Kaiser AM , Deb SR
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13244 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 83-87
Fluid Retention Syndrome (FRS) - a review
Authors: Zamanu GKMS , Hossain A , Mondol BA , Hossain SS , Deb SR
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13246 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 97-108
A 60 years old lady with osteomalacia due to deficiency of vitamin D
Authors: Azad KAK , Karmaker M , Sardar MH , Mallik MU , Appolo AM , Islam MS
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13248 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 116-119
Heterotopic pancreas presenting with upper GIT bleeding
Authors: Hakim HAN , Ali M , Khan AS , Alam KZ , Rabbi H , Islam MA
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13251 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 120-123
A rare combination of congenital blindness with panhypopituitarism: case report on septo-optic dysplasia
Authors: Jahan S , Sultana N , Fariduddin M , Hossain MZ , Hussain ME , Alam R , Hasanat MA
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13252 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 124-128
Sensing of EGTA Mediated Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Transistor
Authors: Tria Scherrine , Jimison Leslie , Hama Adel , Bongo Manuelle , Owens Róisín
Published: January 2013

Barrier tissue protects the body against external factors by restricting the passage of molecules. The gastrointestinal epithelium is an example of barrier tissue with the primary purpose of allowing the passage of ions and nutrients, while restricting the passage of pathogens and toxins. It is well known that the loss of barrier function can be instigated by a decrease in extracellular calcium levels, leading to changes in protein conformation and an increase in paracellular transport. In this study, ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetra acetic acid (EGTA), a calcium chelator, was used to disrupt the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier. The effect of EGTA on barrier tissue was monitored by a novel label-free method based on an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) integrated with living cells and validated against conventional methods for measuring barrier tissue integrity. We demonstrate that the OECT can detect breaches in barrier tissue upon exposure to EGTA with the same sensitivity as existing methods but with increased temporal resolution. Due to the potential of low cost processing techniques and the flexibility in design associated with organic electronics, the OECT has great potential for high-throughput, disposable sensing and diagnostics.
The Thermal Entropy Density of Spacetime
Authors: Yang Rongjia
Published: January 2013

Introducing the notion of thermal entropy density via the first law of thermodynamics and assuming the Einstein equation as an equation of thermal state, we obtain the thermal entropy density of any arbitrary spacetime without assuming a temperature or a horizon. The results confirm that there is a profound connection between gravity and thermodynamics.
Evaluation of the Water Scarcity Energy Cost for Users
Authors: Fontanazza Chiara , Freni Gabriele , Loggia Goffredo , Notaro Vincenza , Puleo Valeria
Published: January 2013

In systems experiencing water scarcity and consequent intermittent supply, users often adopt private tanks that collect water during service periods and supply users when the service is not available. The tank may be fed by gravity or by private pumping stations depending on the network pressure level. Once water resources are collected, the tank can supply users by gravity if it is located on the rooftop or by additional pumping if underground. Private tanks thus increase the energy cost of the water supply service for users by introducing several small pumping structures inside the network. The present paper aims to evaluate this users’ energy cost for different private tank configurations. A real case study was analysed, and the results showed that intermittent distribution causes inequalities not only in users’ access to water resource but also costs that users have to bear to have access to water.
Heating Energy and Peak-Power Demand in a Standard and Low Energy Building
Authors: Airaksinen Miimu , Vuolle Mika
Published: January 2013

Building energy efficiency legislation has traditionally focused on space heating energy consumption. This has led to a decrease in energy consumption, especially in space heating. However, in the future when more renewable energy is used both on site and in energy systems, the peak energy demand becomes more important with respect to CO2 emissions and energy security. In this study it was found out the difference between space heating energy consumption was 55%–62% when a low energy and standard building were compared. However, the difference in peak energy demands was only 28%–34%, showing the importance of paying attention to the peak demands as well.
Frequency of False Heartwood of Stems of Poplar Growing on Farmland in Sweden
Authors: Johansson Tord , Hjelm Birger
Published: January 2013

Swedish owners of poplar stands are interested in both the wood quality and the use of poplars that are soon to be harvested. An important concern is the frequency of false heartwood (FHW) in the stems. We have presented an overview of the factors causing discolored wood as well as the industrial use and quality of the end products. We have studied poplar stems growing at 22 sites in Sweden between latitudes 55° N and 60° N. The mean age of the poplar was 23 years (range 14–41), the mean stand density 1011 stems ha−1 (range 155–3493) and the diameter at breast height (DBH) (over bark) 246 mm (range 121–447). All stands were growing on clay soils (light and medium clay and light clay tills). All of the sampled stems (42) contained false heartwood. At 0%–50% of stem height, all sampled trees were discolored and at 90% of stem height, 33% were discolored. The percentage of false heartwood area by stem area was highest at 1% and 10% of stem height (26.6% and 24.7% respectively). The “FHW” part of the stem had a radius of 47 mm (range 9–93) at 30% of stem height, which corresponds to 50% of the total stem radius. A log of six meters represents about 30% of stem height. Equations describing the correlation between DBH and the diameter of FHW at different stem heights (1%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%) and table describing FHW volume % by total stem volume at the first 50% of stem height were constructed. These might be helpful for estimating the percentage of fresh wood in a stem. However, most of the fast-growing poplars will be harvested as biofuel.
Identification of Recurrence Related microRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Surgical Resection
Authors: Yang Zhen , Miao Ruoyu , Li Guangbing , Wu Yan , Robson Simon , Yang Xiaobo , Zhao Yi , Zhao Haitao , Zhong Yang
Published: January 2013

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive human cancers with a high frequency of post-surgical recurrence. It is very critical to diagnose HCC recurrence at an early stage for a better therapeutic treatment. In this study, we examined the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling in tumor tissues obtained from early and late recurrent HCC patients post-resection, using a microarray assay. A total of 32 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed during the progression of recurrence. Among these, 16 miRNAs were upregulated and 16 were downregulated. In addition, this miRNA expression signature was further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Moreover, functional annotation of predicted target genes of these recurrent HCC-related miRNAs indicates that multiple biological pathways (i.e., focal adhesion pathway, cancer-related pathways and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling) that are all critical for cancer development and progression, may participate in the recurrence of HCC. Our data suggest potential molecular mechanisms underpinning miRNA-controlled HCC recurrence, and support the notion that miRNA expression signature and miRNA-based therapy can be useful tools for a better diagnosis and treatment stratification of this disease.
Characterization of a Crabs Claw Gene in Basal Eudicot Species Epimedium sagittatum (Berberidaceae)
Authors: Sun Wei , Huang Wenjun , Li Zhineng , Lv Haiyan , Huang Hongwen , Wang Ying
Published: January 2013

The Crabs Claw (CRC) YABBY gene is required for regulating carpel development in angiosperms and has played an important role in nectary evolution during core eudicot speciation. The function or expression of CRC-like genes has been explored in two basal eudicots, Eschscholzia californica and Aquilegia formosa. To further investigate the function of CRC orthologous genes related to evolution of carpel and nectary development in basal eudicots, a CRC ortholog, EsCRC, was isolated and characterized from Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. and Zucc.) Maxim. A phylogenetic analysis of EsCRC and previously identified CRC-like genes placed EsCRC within the basal eudicot lineage. Gene expression results suggest that EsCRC is involved in the development of sepals and carpels, but not nectaries. Phenotypic complementation of the Arabidopsis mutant crc-1 was achieved by constitutive expression of EsCRC. In addition, over-expression of EsCRC in Arabidopsis and tobacco gave rise to abaxially curled leaves. Transgenic results together with the gene expression analysis suggest that EsCRC may maintain a conserved function in carpel development and also play a novel role related to sepal formation. Absence of EsCRC and ElCRC expression in nectaries further indicates that nectary development in non-core eudicots is unrelated to expression of CRC-like genes.
Interaction of Proteins Identified in Human Thyroid Cells
Authors: Pietsch Jessica , Riwaldt Stefan , Bauer Johann , Sickmann Albert , Weber Gerhard , Grosse Jirka , Infanger Manfred , Eilles Christoph , Grimm Daniela
Published: January 2013

Influence of gravity forces on the regulation of protein expression by healthy and malignant thyroid cells was studied with the aim to identify protein interactions. Western blot analyses of a limited number of proteins suggested a time-dependent regulation of protein expression by simulated microgravity. After applying free flow isoelectric focusing and mass spectrometry to search for differently expressed proteins by thyroid cells exposed to simulated microgravity for three days, a considerable number of candidates for gravi-sensitive proteins were detected. In order to show how proteins sensitive to microgravity could directly influence other proteins, we investigated all polypeptide chains identified with Mascot scores above 100, looking for groups of interacting proteins. Hence, UniProtKB entry numbers of all detected proteins were entered into the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and processed. The program indicated that we had detected various groups of interacting proteins in each of the three cell lines studied. The major groups of interacting proteins play a role in pathways of carbohydrate and protein metabolism, regulation of cell growth and cell membrane structuring. Analyzing these groups, networks of interaction could be established which show how a punctual influence of simulated microgravity may propagate via various members of interaction chains.
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Szkandera Joanna , Kiesslich Tobias , Haybaeck Johannes , Gerger Armin , Pichler Martin
Published: January 2013

Despite advances in surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment options, less than 50% of patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer survive five years after initial diagnosis. In this regard, novel treatment approaches are warranted utilizing molecularly targeted therapies directed against particular components of specific signaling pathways which are required for tumor development and progression. One molecular pathway of interest is the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Activation of the Hh pathway has been observed in several cancer types, including ovarian cancer. This review highlights the crucial role of Hh signaling in the development and progression of ovarian cancer and might lead to a better understanding of the Hh signaling in ovarian tumorigenesis, thus encouraging the investigation of novel targeted therapies.
Fucoxanthin Enhances Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity via NFκB-Mediated Pathway and Downregulates DNA Repair Gene Expression in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells
Authors: Liu Cheng-Ling , Lim Yun-Ping , Hu Miao-Lin
Published: January 2013

Cisplain, a platinum-containing anticancer drug, has been shown to enhance DNA repair and to inhibit cell apoptosis, leading to drug resistance. Thus, the combination of anticancer drugs with nutritional factors is a potential strategy for improving the efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effects of a combination of fucoxanthin, the major non-provitamin A carotenoid found in Undaria Pinnatifida, and cisplatin in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. We found that fucoxanthin (1–10 μΜ) pretreatment for 24 h followed by cisplatin (10 μΜ) for 24 h significantly decreased cell proliferation, as compared with cisplatin treatment alone. Mechanistically, we showed that fucoxanthin attenuated cisplatin-induced NFκB expression and enhanced the NFκB-regulated Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio. Cisplatin alone induced mRNA expression of excision repair cross complementation 1 (ERCC1) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) through phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and PI3K/AKT pathways. However, fucoxanthin pretreatment significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced ERCC1 and TP mRNA expression, leading to improvement of chemotherapeutic efficacy of cisplatin. The results suggest that a combined treatment with fucoxanthin and cisplatin could lead to a potentially important new therapeutic strategy against human hepatoma cells.