bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A simple design for slotted patch antennas with broadband circular polarization
Authors: Chen Jhih‐Ming , Row Jeen‐Sheen
Published: May 2015

A simple design for circularly polarized (CP) patch antennas with broadband operation is presented. The design is based on a cross slot antenna with an ellipse‐shaped ground plane. A design guideline for the CP antenna is given. Three samples are performed by the guideline, and their antenna prototypes are fabricated and tested. Measured results show that the 3dB‐axial‐ratio bandwidths of the three prototypes, centered at 0.9, 1.4, 2 Hz, are 26, 37, and 33%, respectively. In addition, the performances of the slotted patch antenna backed with a reflector are also addressed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1854–1857, 2015
Low‐profile dual‐wideband dual‐inverted‐L open‐slot antennafor the LTE/WWAN tablet device
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Wu Pei‐Rong
Published: May 2015

A low‐profile open‐slot antenna for the LTE/WWAN operation in the tablet device, such as a smartphone or tablet computer is presented. The antenna consists of two inverted‐L (IL) open slots, with one longer IL open slot for the low band of 698∼960 MHz and one shorter IL open slot for the high band of 1710–2690 MHz, and is referred to as a dual‐inverted‐L open‐slot antenna in this study. The open ends of the longer and shorter IL open slots face each other and are disposed at the top or bottom edge of the tablet device. Between the two open ends, there is a protruded ground suitable for accommodating electronic elements, such as a USB connector or a camera lens. The antenna shows a low profile of 7 mm to the top or bottom edge and is excited by two feeds, with the first and second feeds, respectively, exciting the longer and shorter IL open slots thereof. By aided with the wideband matching circuits in the first and second feeds, the antenna can provide two wide operating bands covering the 698–960 and 1710–2690 MHz bands. Easy control of the two feeds for the desired dual‐wideband operation is also obtained. The antenna is suitable for dual‐wideband LTE operation in the modern tablet device, especially for the tablet device with a narrow spacing between the display panel and the top or bottom edge thereof. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1813–1818, 2015
New three‐phase demodulator circuit operating in a wide frequency range
Authors: Kaissoine Abdou , Huyart Bernard
Published: May 2015

This article describes a new design of a Three‐Phased Demodulator circuit (TPD) using microstrip technology on FR4 dielectric substrate. The results of frequency transposition to baseband of three aggregated radio frequency signals position TPD as a potential candidate for future LTE‐A mobile communication networks. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1825–1831, 2015
A Distributed retro‐reflective beamformer for wireless power transmission
Authors: He Jinmei , Wang Xin , Guo Lisheng , Shen Shan , Lu Mingyu
Published: May 2015

This letter demonstrates a wireless power transmission scheme based on distributed retro‐reflective beamforming experimentally. The wireless power transmitter, which includes eight antennas distributed in space, receives pilot signals from a mobile device and then focuses radio frequency power onto the device's location through analyzing the pilot signals. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1873–1876, 2015
LC resonator loaded bandwidth enhanced tri‐band planar inverted‐F antenna
Authors: Reddy Sanampudi Venkatrami , Sarkar Debdeep , Saurav Kushmanda , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav
Published: May 2015

In this article, a Planar Inverted‐F Antenna (PIFA) loaded with LC resonators for tri‐band operation with enhanced bandwidth is presented. The electric and/or magnetic resonances induced by the designed LC resonators used as loading element are responsible for achieving multiband characteristics in the proposed antenna. A novel tri‐band LC resonator is used to achieve a tri‐band PIFA with enhanced bandwidth of 36.8% (27% higher than reference PIFA bandwidth) at the upper resonant frequency. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated to validate the results obtained in simulation. The proposed antenna has quasi‐omnidirectional radiation pattern at all the operating bands and can be used in DCS/WLAN/WiMAX/LTE2300/LTE2500 applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1879–1883, 2015
Design of aperture‐coupled dielectric resonator antenna free from higher order modes and harmonics
Authors: Biswas Sujoy , Guha Debatosh , Kumar Chandrakanta
Published: May 2015

Controlling of higher order modes and harmonics in an aperture coupled Dielectric Resonator Antenna has been explored. A compact design of improvised feed using defected ground structure (DGS) has been used and up to 15 dB suppression has been experimentally demonstrated covering more than 80% impedance bandwidth. Application of DGS has been discussed and the suppression characteristics have been experimentally demonstrated. No detrimental effect caused by the DGS on the radiations of the fundamental mode has been ensured experimentally. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1980–1983, 2015
A novel ultrawideband toppled trapezium‐shaped patch antenna with partial ground plane
Authors: Kamakshi Kumari , Ansari J. A. , Singh Ashish , Aneesh Mohammad , Jaiswal Aravind K.
Published: May 2015

In this article, a new design of ultrawideband microstrip patch antenna is proposed and results are verified experimentally. The printed configuration consists of a toppled trapezium‐shaped radiating patch with finite size ground plane is excited via edge feeding. The antenna offers 114.20% bandwidth when fabricated on a substrate of dielectric constant 3.38. Simulated and experimental reflection characteristics, gain and radiation pattern are presented and discussed. The effect of tilt angles on the antenna characteristics is also studied. The study shows that the proposed antenna is simple in design and easy in feeding to meet the demand of wireless communications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1983–1986, 2015
Design of low power low phase noise negative resistance Ku‐band VCO using planar resonator pair
Authors: Patel Sanket S. , Gupta Sanjeev , Ghodgaonkar Deepak
Published: May 2015

New negative resistance voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) at Ku‐band is designed. The proposed topology uses packaged NPN Silicon Germanium RF transistor and two parallel resonator structures connected to the device emitters. Novel active open ended planar structure is proposed as a resonator for the VCO. Resonator is analyzed in terms of required reflection coefficient and input impedance. Resonator's quality factor varies in between 159 and 235 as a function of tuning voltage. VCO microwave IC is fabricated on TMM10i soft substrate with 17.5μm Cr‐Cu‐Au metallization process. VCO can be tuned for 180MHz by varying resonators’ varactors from 0 to 22 V. Measured output power remains in between 4.2 and 8.06 dBm for the entire tuning range. Measured phase noise is −145 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with 8 V tuning voltage. Normalized phase noise figure of merit for the VCO is −214.4 dBc/Hz. The circuit has low power consumption of 25.5 mW and high DC to RF conversion efficiency (ηDC‐RF). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1938–1941, 2015
Wideband LTCC vertical via transition from DC to 30GHz
Authors: Li Yufu , Zhou Bo
Published: May 2015

A wideband vertical via transition utilizing coaxial impedance alternating low‐pass structure in low temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate is proposed for DC to 30GHz frequency band. The low‐pass structure is composed of seven‐stage cascaded high‐low impedance sections coated with Ferro A6S LTCC material. Measured results show better than −1 dB S21 and −12 dB S11 are achieved from DC to 30GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1965–1968, 2015
Wideband dual‐polarized planar antenna for base stations
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Jiu , Gong Shuxi
Published: May 2015

A broadband dual‐polarized planar antenna with simple reflector is introduced. The antenna is composed of two pairs of circular slotted square arms which are coupling‐fed by two fan‐shaped microstrip lines. By properly adjusting the feeding structure, the antenna can be connected to 50‐Ω coaxial lines directly, making the antenna full planar. Due to the fan‐shaped microstrip stub and the tight coupling between the two dipoles, a bandwidth of 48.2% (1.62–2.68 GHz) for Return Loss > 14 dB and sufficient high port‐to‐port isolation of 30 dB can be achieved simultaneously. Circular holes are introduced to elongate the current path, leading to a compact and light‐weight radiator structure (0.36λ0 × 0.36λ0, where λ0 refers to the center operating frequency) which contributes to a simple reflector. Besides, the measured results show that a stable half‐power beam width of 70° ± 3°, an average gain of 7.6 ± 0.3 dBi for slant ±45° polarizations, and a low cross‐polarization of 29 dB are realized. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1948–1952, 2015
DOSY NMR and MALDI‐TOF evidence of covalent binding the DNA duplex by trimethylammonium salts of topotecan upon near UV irradiation
Authors: Naumczuk Beata , Hyz Karolina , Kawęcki Robert , Bocian Wojciech , Bednarek Elżbieta , Sitkowski Jerzy , Wielgus Ewelina , Kozerski Lech
Published: May 2015

Using DOSY NMR and MALDI‐TOF MS techniques, we present evidence that quaternary trimethylammonium salts of topotecan, [TPT‐NMe3]+ X− (X = CF3SO3, HCOO), bind covalently the natural DNA oligomer upon near UV irradiation in water under physiological conditions. It is shown that formate salt is very reactive at pH 7 and requires short irradiation time. This weak irradiation at 365 nm paves the way for a new application of TPT derivatives in clinical use, which can dramatically increase the therapeutic effects of a medicine. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total variation based tensor decomposition for multi‐dimensional data with time dimension
Authors: Chen Chuan , Li Xutao , Ng Michael K. , Yuan Xiaoming
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we study tensors with time dimension which arises in many scientific and engineering applications such as time series gene expression analysis and video analysis. In these applications, we are interested in determining a set of components interacting closely and consistently together over a period of time. The main aim of this paper is to develop a numerical method to compute such constrained CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decompositions. We make use of the total variation regularization to constrain the time dimension factor in the decomposition in order to obtain a piecewise constant function with respect to time points. The components of the other dimensions corresponding to these time points are closely related. For example, in time series gene expression analysis, a set of genes may regulate a biological process together during a specific time period; in video analysis, a set of image pixels may refer to a foreground object in the video frames. We employ ADMM to solve the resulting optimization problem, and study its convergence. Numerical examples on synthetic and real data sets are used to demonstrate that the proposed total variation based CP decomposition model can provide more accurate and interesting results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tollip is a critical mediator of cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Mingchang , Feng Bin , Wang Lang , Guo Sen , Zhang Peng , Gong Jun , Zhang Yan , Zheng Ankang , Li Hongliang
Published: May 2015

Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling plays an important role in regulating cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Toll‐interacting protein (Tollip) is an endogenous negative modulator of TLR signalling that is involved in several inflammatory diseases. Our previous study showed that Tollip inhibits overload‐induced cardiac remodelling. However, the role of Tollip in neurological disease remains unknown. In the present study, we proposed that Tollip might contribute to the progression of stroke and confirmed this hypothesis. We found that Tollip expression was significantly increased in I/R‐challenged brain tissue of humans, mice and rats in vivo and in primary neurons subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation in vitro, indicating the involvement of Tollip in I/R injury. Next, using genetic approaches, we revealed that Tollip deficiency protects mice against I/R injury by attenuating neuronal apoptosis and inflammation, as demonstrated by the decreased expression of pro‐apoptotic and pro‐inflammatory genes and the increased expression of anti‐apoptotic genes. By contrast, neuron‐specific Tollip over‐expression exerted the opposite effect. Mechanistically, the detrimental effects of Tollip on neuronal apoptosis and inflammation following I/R injury were largely mediated by the suppression of Akt signalling. Additionally, to further support our findings, a Tollip knockout rat strain was generated via CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated gene inactivation. The Tollip‐deficient rats were also protected from I/R injury, based on dramatic decreases in neuronal apoptosis and ischaemic inflammation through Akt activation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Tollip acts as a novel modulator of I/R injury by promoting neuronal apoptosis and ischaemic inflammation, which are largely mediated by suppression of Akt signalling. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The repertoire of somatic genetic alterations of acinic cell carcinomas of the breast: an exploratory, hypothesis‐generating study
Authors: Guerini‐Rocco Elena , Hodi Zsolt , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Ng Charlotte KY , Rakha Emad A , Schultheis Anne M , Marchiò Caterina , da Cruz Paula Arnaud , De Filippo Maria R , Martelotto Luciano G , De Mattos‐Arruda Leticia , Edelweiss Marcia , Jungbluth Achim A , Fusco Nicola , Norton Larry , Weigelt Britta , Ellis Ian O , Reis‐Filho Jorge S
Published: May 2015

Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare form of triple‐negative (that is, oestrogen receptor‐negative, progesterone receptor‐negative, HER2‐negative) salivary gland‐type tumour displaying serous acinar differentiation. Despite its triple‐negative phenotype, breast ACCs are reported to have an indolent clinical behaviour. Here, we sought to define whether ACCs have a mutational repertoire distinct from that of other triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBCs). DNA was extracted from microdissected formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections of tumour and normal tissue from two pure and six mixed breast ACCs. Each tumour component of the mixed cases was microdissected separately. Tumour and normal samples were subjected to targeted capture massively parallel sequencing targeting all exons of 254 genes, including genes most frequently mutated in breast cancer and related to DNA repair. Selected somatic mutations were validated by targeted amplicon resequencing and Sanger sequencing. Akin to other forms of TNBC, the most frequently mutated gene found in breast ACCs was TP53 (one pure and six mixed cases). Additional somatic mutations affecting breast cancer‐related genes found in ACCs included PIK3CA, MTOR, CTNNB1, BRCA1, ERBB4, ERBB3, INPP4B, and FGFR2. Copy number alteration analysis revealed complex patterns of gains and losses similar to those of common forms of TNBCs. Of the mixed cases analysed, identical somatic mutations were found in the acinic and the high‐grade non‐acinic components in two out of four cases analysed, providing evidence of their clonal relatedness. In conclusion, breast ACCs display the hallmark somatic genetic alterations found in high‐grade forms of TNBC, including complex patterns of gene copy number alterations and recurrent TP53 mutations. Furthermore, we provide circumstantial genetic evidence to suggest that ACCs may constitute the substrate for the development of more aggressive forms of triple‐negative disease. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highlighting delayed elastic processes at zero stress in a polymer glass
Authors: Mbarek Souad , Baroni Patrick , Noirez Laurence
Published: May 2015

The present study highlights the existence of a post‐evolution of the fracture and damage in glassy polymers at zero‐stress relaxation evidencing that the dynamic is not frozen below the glass transition but that it releases at zero stress in the plastic regime from past stresses. The observation of a further evolution of the glass without applied stress (at zero stress) is unexpected and inaccessible using conventional tensile tests since they are not designed to enable a zero‐stress measurement. Non‐contact methods such as confocal microscopy and autocorrelation analysis are used to examine polymethylmethacrylate samples plastically deformed (up to 8% elongation rate) and subsequently studied in the unloaded state. The zero‐stress evolution is morphologically characterized by a nucleation of new microfractures and an evolution of the existing cracking. The analysis of the image correlation indicates that the strain field continues to evolve revealing an intermittent retraction of the displacement field at time scales up to several days. Different temperatures from −75 °C up to −45 °C below the glass transition have been tested and prove that the retraction process is thermally activated. The retraction process (about 1% − 2% of the deformation rate) implies that plastic deformation does not relax completely from anterior stresses but exhibits a delayed elasticity. These properties have profound consequences impacting the future physical and mechanical properties of the material. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and insecticidal activity of β‐dihydroagarofuran ether analogues
Authors: Zhao Ximei , Hu Zhan , Li Jian , Li Longbo , Wu Wenjun , Zhang Jiwen
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUND

1β, 2β, 4α, 6α, 8β, 9α, 12‐hepthydroxyl‐β‐dihydroagarofuran is the main skeleton of β‐dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenoids, which exhibit excellent insecticidal activity. To study further the structure–activity relationship of β‐dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenoids towards finding novel botanical pesticides, two series of new structurally modified ether analogues were designed and synthesised, and their insecticidal activities were evaluated.

RESULTS

Twenty‐two ether derivatives were synthesised using 1β, 2β, 4α, 6α, 8β, 9α, 12‐hepthydroxyl‐β‐dihydroagarofuran as starting material. Bioassay results indicated that most of the derivatives, particularly compounds 5.1.2, 5.1.3, 5.1.7, 5.2.3, 5.2.6 and 5.2.7, exhibited significant insecticidal activity against the third‐instar larvae of the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata. Most importantly, compound 5.2.7 showed the lowest LD50 value of 29.2 µg g−1 among these synthesised compounds, which provides some important hints for further design, synthesis and structural modification of β‐dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenoids towards developing novel botanical insecticides.

CONCLUSION

The structure–activity relationship illustrated that the moiety at the 1‐position affected the insecticidal activity significantly, and that specifically the derivatives with two or three carbon atoms at the 1‐position showed promising insecticidal activity, with mortality over 60%, while those with o‐F‐Bn and p‐F‐Bn at the 6‐position showed similar activity. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Immobilization and orientation‐dependent activity of a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide
Authors: Soares Jason W. , Kirby Romy , Doherty Laurel A. , Meehan Alexa , Arcidiacono Steven
Published: May 2015

A naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide, SMAP‐29, was synthesized with an n‐terminal or c‐terminal cysteine, termed c_SMAP and SMAP_c, respectively, for site‐directed immobilization to superparamagnetic beads. Immobilized SMAP orientation‐dependent activity was probed against multiple bacteria of clinical interest including Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus anthracis sterne and Staphylococcus aureus. A kinetic microplate assay was employed to reveal both concentration and time‐dependent activity for elucidation of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and sub‐lethal effects. Immobilized SMAP activity was equivalent or reduced compared with soluble SMAP_c and c_SMAP regardless of immobilization orientation, with only one exception. A comparison of immobilized SMAP_c and c_SMAP activity revealed a bacteria‐specific potency dependent on immobilization orientation, which was contrary to that seen in solution, wherein SMAP_c was more potent against all bacteria than c_SMAP. Sub‐MBC kinetic studies displayed the influence of peptide exposure to the cells with multiple bacteria exhibiting increased susceptibility and efficacy at lower concentrations upon extended exposure (i.e. MBC enhancement). For instances in which complete killing was not achieved, two predominant effects were evident: retardation of growth rate and an increased lag phase. Both effects, seen independently and concomitantly, indicate some degree of induced cellular damage that can serve as a predictor toward eventual cell death. SMAP_c immobilized on glass through standard silanization chemistry was also investigated to ascertain the influence of substrate on activity against select bacteria. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A changeable personal identification number‐based keystroke dynamics authentication system on smart phones
Authors: Chang Ting‐Yi , Tsai Cheng‐Jung , Tsai Wang‐Jui , Peng Chun‐Cheng , Wu Han‐Sing
Published: May 2015

One can apply cell phones to access e‐bank, buy stocks, pay credit card bills, and so on. The security issues of cell phones become extremely important. Most of subscribers use personal identification number (PIN) codes which combined with 6–8 numbers to protect their subscriber identity module cards from illegal accesses. It is easily to be decoded by the dictionary attack or shoulder surfing attack. Many studies employed keystroke dynamics to protect the PIN code, and the relative results exhibit that keystroke dynamics can indeed improve the security of a PIN code. However, the traditional keystroke dynamics‐based authentication (KDA) system has to collect user's keystroke dynamics firstly and then produce a unique personal biometrics. It is inconvenient for users when changing their PIN codes is required, because the corresponding KDA systems should be retrained. To solve the previously mentioned drawbacks, this paper proposes a novel technique that allows users to change their PIN codes anytime without any extra retraining. This technique not only enhance the security of the PIN codes but also enrich the security of accessing e‐bank, buying stocks, paying credit card bill, and other service via smart phones. Conducted experiment results show that the proposed system can effectively improve the KDA system to distinguish legitimate users and impostors even when users change their original passwords. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bogenbrücke Lambach, Österreich – Eine Bogenbrücke als integrale Lösung
Authors: Kirchhofer Johannes , Kirchmaier Wolfgang
Published: May 2015

Die 60 m lange Bogenbrücke nahe Edt bei Lambach ist nicht nur aufgrund ihrer nicht alltäglichen Widerlagersituation eines der markanten Bauwerke der neuen 5,1 km langen Umfahrung der B1 Wiener Straße rund um Lambach. Die Bogenbrücke zeichnet sich als reine Stahllösung aus und bildet so ein eher seltenes Bild unter den Straßenbrücken Oberösterreichs. Aufgrund des geringen Montagezeitfensters und der durch die querende Westbahnstrecke begrenzten Verschubzeiten stellte die Stahlbogenbrücke mit orthotroper Fahrbahnplatte die einzige Möglichkeit dar, die Westbahnquerung in Anbetracht der gegebenen Rahmenbedingungen zu realisieren. Im Folgenden werden die Konstruktionsmerkmale der Brücke kurz erläutert sowie ein Überblick über das Montage‐ und Verschubkonzept gegeben.

Arch bridge at Lambach, Austria. The 60 m long arch bridge near Edt at Lambach is one of the prominent constructions along the new 5.1 km long by‐pass road of the B1 Wiener Straße around Lambach – not least because of its exceptional bearing solution. Its genuine steel construction makes it a true exception among the road bridges of Upper Austria. Building a steel arch bridge with an orthotrophic deck was the only way to traverse the Westbahn Rail Track within the given conditions: short installation time and limited time slots for moving the bridge across the Westbahn Tracks. This paper shall present the constructional features of the bridge and give an overview of the installation and positioning concept.
Segmentverschlüsse im Stahlwasserbau
Authors: Rusch Karl Heinz , Klapper Georg
Published: May 2015

Segmentverschlüsse sind in Europa eine weit verbreitete Verschlussart. Die hohe Flexibilität und die Anpassung an bestehende Bauwerke und Neubauten sind Merkmale, die sowohl für Planer als auch für Betreiber von entscheidendem Vorteil sind. Segmentverschlüsse werden in verschiedenen Bereichen eingesetzt. Sie finden Verwendung als Grundablass in Stollen und Talsperren, aber auch bei Wehranlagen mit großer lichter Weite. Ausgehend von der Vielzahl an existierenden Lösungen gibt der Aufsatz Einblick in die verschiedenen Ausführungen und Problemlösungen sowie allgemeine konstruktiven Ansätze.

Radial gates for steel civil construction hydraulics – Flexible applications by different requirements and structures. Radial gates are widely used in Europe as lock systems in water ways. The high flexibility in easily adapting to existing and as well to newly built structures are one of the features creating advantages for consultants and as well for the operating companies. Radial gates are used as bottom outlets in tunnel and dams and also on weir structures with huge span. Based on a number of executed projects this report gives an overview of different applications where this technology has been used to approach the given challenges.
Flughafen Krakau – Stahlfassadenbau
Authors: Pawlak Damian , Siokola Walter
Published: May 2015

Der Flughafen Krakau, der zweitgrößte Flughafen Polens, wird für das steigende Verkehrsaufkommen erweitert. Der Entwurf für die aktuelle Erweiterung stammt von Apa Czech DulińSki Wróbel architects. Das hervorstechende Merkmal dieses Entwurfs ist das Terminalbauwerk mit seiner Glasfassade. Durch die gewählte Form des Prismas wird das Leben und Treiben der Umgebung auf die Fassade geholt: Sich spiegelnde Autos und bewegte Passanten prägen die Erscheinung des Bauwerks.

Die Ausführungsplanung, Fertigung und Montage der unterschiedlichen Stahlkonstruktionen – in Summe 4 500 t – lag beim Hersteller, der Zeman HDF. Die Herausforderung bei der Realisierung der Stahlkonstruktion für die 250 m lange und 12,5 m hohe Fassade lag darin, einen Mittelweg zwischen der geforderten optischen Leichtigkeit und den großen Querschnitten mit den für die Verglasung notwendigen engen Toleranzen zu finden. Die Werksfertigung und Montage musste die Anforderungen nach einer sicheren Konstruktion genauso erfüllen wie jene, die eine voll verschweißte, höchsten Genauigkeitsanforderungen und ästhetischen Anforderungen genügende Glaskonstruktion erfordern – kurz: die Anforderungen zur Errichtung eines außergewöhnlichen Bauwerks. Der folgende Beitrag beschreibt den erfolgreichen Weg dahin.

Airport Kraków – steel construction of façade. Airport Kraków, the second biggest Polish airport is being extended for growing traffic. The actual extension is originally designed by Apa Czech Duliński Wróbel architects. The outstanding building element is the terminal building with its glass façade. Its shape of prism is invented to bring surrounding life to building’s wall: reflexing cars and passengers in move making the building its expression.

Detailed design, fabrication and erection of various types of steel structures – in total 4 500 t – were done by the contractor, Zeman HDF. The challenge in realizing the steel structure for the 250 m long and 12.5 m high façade was, to find the balance between its impression of lightness, while big size of sections and hard tolerance requirements coming from glazing. Fabrication and site assembly follows demands of design, to install fully welded, safe, accurate and aesthetic glass sub‐construction. In result, an unique building has been succeed to erect. Way to this success is subject of the article.
Stabilitätsnachweis für komplexe Blech‐ und Rohrkonstruktionen
Authors: Peer Bertram , Burkhardt Axel , Hächl Martin
Published: May 2015

Ein wesentliches Ziel bei der Entwicklung der Geräte im Kranbau liegt in der stetigen Gewichtsoptimierung der Stahlbaukomponenten. Da bei der Liebherr MCCtec GmbH in erster Linie Schweißkonstruktionen aus Blechen und Rohren eingesetzt werden, kommt dem Thema des Stabilitätsnachweises zunehmend eine zentrale Rolle zu. Ein Großteil der im Kranbau zu verwendenden Normen und Bauvorschriften beruht auf Nennspannungskonzepten nach Elastizitätstheorie und deckt Stabilitätsprobleme nur unzureichend ab. Dementgegen werden die Berechnungen in der Praxis zunehmend an immer komplexeren Finite‐Elemente‐Modellen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse dieser relativ exakten Berechnungsmethode stehen dabei im Widerspruch zu den konservativen Sicherheitskonzepten der Vorschriften. Der Berechnungsingenieur ist somit gefordert, ein hohes Maß an Kreativität bei der Interpretation und Beurteilung der Ergebnisse aufzubringen.

Dieser Artikel geht zunächst kurz auf die theoretischen Grundlagen des Themas Stabilität ein. Anschließend wird die aktuelle Normensituation erörtert. Auf dieser Grundlage wird das aktuell bei der Liebherr MCCtec GmbH verwendete Berechnungskonzept vorgestellt. Zentrales Augenmerk wird dabei auf das Thema Imperfektionen gelegt. Anhand von zwei aktuellen Beispielen, dem Schwerlastkran CAL 64000 und dem Tiefseekran RL‐K 7500, wird der vorgestellte Berechnungsansatz veranschaulicht. Abschließend werden noch offene Fragestellungen und ein Ausblick auf weitere Vorhaben zu diesem Thema behandelt.

Stability proof for complex sheet metal‐ and tube constructions. To be competitive on the international market, weight optimization is one of the main objectives in engineering. As Liebherr MCCtec GmbH mainly uses welded sheet metal‐ and tube constructions, there has to be a large focus on the proof of stability. A huge number of actual rules and regulations in the crane industry are based on nominal stress concepts. On the other hand, finite element method is a widely used method in the design and analysis of cranes. Using the very exact results of this method within these conservative safety concepts leads to uneconomic design. Therefore, creativity in the interpretation of results is required.

In a first step, the theoretical background of stability issues will be covered in this paper. Subsequently the actual situation regarding rules and regulations is discussed. Based on that discussion, the actual approach in Liebherr MCCtec GmbH will be explained. A special attention is given to the issue of dealing with imperfections. By means of two examples the Liebherr MCCtec GmbH approach will be illustrated. Concluding, open issues and ongoing tasks will be examined.
EphB4 Expressing Stromal Cells Exhibit an Enhanced Capacity for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance
Authors: Nguyen Thao M. , Arthur Agnieszka , Panagopoulos Romana , Paton Sharon , Hayball John D. , Zannettino Andrew C.W. , Purton Louise E. , Matsuo Koichi , Gronthos Stan
Published: May 2015

The tyrosine kinase receptor, EphB4, mediates cross-talk between stromal and hematopoietic populations during bone remodeling, fracture repair and arthritis, through its interactions with the ligand, ephrin-B2. This study demonstrated that transgenic EphB4 mice (EphB4 Tg), over-expressing EphB4 under the control of collagen type-1 promoter, exhibited higher frequencies of osteogenic cells and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC), correlating with a higher frequency of long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC), compared with wild type (WT) mice. EphB4 Tg stromal feeder layers displayed a greater capacity to support LTC-IC in vitro, where blocking EphB4/ephrin-B2 interactions decreased LTC-IC output. Similarly, short hairpin RNA-mediated EphB4 knockdown in human bone marrow stromal cells reduced their ability to support high ephrin-B2 expressing CD34+ HSC in LTC-IC cultures. Notably, irradiated EphB4 Tg mouse recipients displayed enhanced bone marrow reconstitution capacity and enhanced homing efficiency of transplanted donor hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells relative to WT controls. Studies examining the expression of hematopoietic supportive factors produced by stromal cells indicated that CXCL12, Angiopoietin-1, IL-6, FLT-3 ligand, and osteopontin expression were more highly expressed in EphB4 Tg stromal cells compared with WT controls. These findings indicate that EphB4 facilitates stromal-mediated support of hematopoiesis, and constitute a novel component of the HSC niche. Stem Cells  2015;33:2838—2849
Concise Review: Cardiac Disease Modeling Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Yang Chunbo , Al-Aama Jumana , Stojkovic Miodrag , Keavney Bernard , Trafford Andrew , Lako Majlinda , Armstrong Lyle
Published: May 2015

Genetic cardiac diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Although animal models have been created to provide some useful insights into the pathogenesis of genetic cardiac diseases, the significant species differences and the lack of genetic information for complex genetic diseases markedly attenuate the application values of such data. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patient-specific specimens and subsequent derivation of cardiomyocytes offer novel avenues to study the mechanisms underlying cardiac diseases, to identify new causative genes, and to provide insights into the disease aetiology. In recent years, the list of human iPSC-based models for genetic cardiac diseases has been expanding rapidly, although there are still remaining concerns on the level of functionality of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and their ability to be used for modeling complex cardiac diseases in adults. This review focuses on the development of cardiomyocyte induction from pluripotent stem cells, the recent progress in heart disease modeling using iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, and the challenges associated with understanding complex genetic diseases. To address these issues, we examine the similarity between iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and their ex vivo counterparts and how this relates to the method used to differentiate the pluripotent stem cells into a cardiomyocyte phenotype. We progress to examine categories of congenital cardiac abnormalities that are suitable for iPSC-based disease modeling. Stem Cells  2015;33:2643—2651
Osteopontin Promotes Hepatic Progenitor Cell Expansion and Tumorigenicity via Activation of β-Catenin in Mice
Authors: Liu Yingying , Cao Lei , Chen Rui , Zhou Xuyu , Fan Xiaoyu , Liang Yingchao , Jia Rongjie , Wang Hao , Liu Guoke , Guo Yajun , Zhao Jian
Published: May 2015

Upregulation of osteopontin (OPN) has been found in hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in several liver diseases with portal biliary proliferation. Here, we investigated the role of HPC-derived autocrine OPN in regulating HPC expansion, migration, and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Five-week-old, weighing between 18 and 20 g of either wild type (WT) or OPN gene knockout (OPN-KO) male mice were treated with modified choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented diet (modified choline-deficient [MCDE]) for 2 weeks to induce HPC production, or 6–12 months to induce tumorigenesis. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM+CD45− cells isolated from mouse liver and liver epithelial progenitor cells were used for in vitro study. OPN was blocked by specific antibody or RNAi-mediated silence to investigate the role of OPN. To evaluate correlation between OPN expression and β-catenin activity, expressions of OPN and β-catenin were assessed in human liver cancer specimens. We found autocrine OPN promotes HPC expansion and migration by decreasing membranous E-cadherin and increasing free cytoplasmic β-catenin via binding to αv integrin and activating Src activity. Depletion of OPN significantly attenuated MCDE-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Clinical evidence revealed a strong correlation of high OPN expression with cytoplasmic/nuclear expression of β-catenin in 43 cases of human combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma and mixed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 80 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results indicate that autocrine OPN plays a crucial role in HPC expansion, migration, and subsequent oncogenic transformation of HPCs, which may provide a new insight into hepatocarcinogenesis. Stem Cells  2015;33:3569–3580
Study of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) peel powder as antioxidant in natural rubber compound
Authors: Ahmad Mahir Norjulia , Ismail Hanafi
Published: May 2015

Mangosteen peel powder (MPP) was used as an antioxidant in natural rubber (standard Malaysian rubber [SMR] L). Natural rubber compounds with various types of antioxidants (i.e., MPP; N‐isopropyl‐N'‐phenyl‐P‐phenylenediamine [IPPD]; 2,2,4‐trimethyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline [TMQ], and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐p‐cresol [BHT]) were prepared. The SMR L compounds were cured at 150°C according to their cure time. Curing characteristics, tensile and aging properties, thermal behavior, and morphological properties of the SMR L compounds were studied. Curing and tensile properties obtained by SMR L compounds with MPP are comparable to SMR L compounds with commercial antioxidants. It was found that the addition of MPP into SMR L compounds improved the aging property of the compound. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:86–92, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Complexation of Surfactant/β‐Cyclodextrin to Inhibit Surfactant Adsorption onto Sand, Kaolin, and Shale for Applications in Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes. Part III: Oil Displacement Evaluation
Authors: Kittisrisawai Sirinthip , Romero‐Zerón Laura Beatriz
Published: May 2015

This proof of concept research evaluates the performance of a surfactant/β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) inclusion complex during chemical flooding for enhanced oil recovery. It was hypothesized that the encapsulated surfactant propagates well through the porous media. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used to study the surfactant/β‐CD complexations. Phase behavior analysis was carried out to prepare the most favorable chemical slug formulation. A series of core flooding tests were conducted to determine the efficiency of the SDS/β‐CD inclusion complex in displacing residual oil. Surfactant flooding was conducted as tertiary oil recovery mode (after mature water flooding) by injecting 0.3 pore volume (PV) of the optimum surfactant slug that was chased by 0.3 PV of a polymer slug; followed by continuous water flooding until oil production stopped. The experimental results indicate that the encapsulated surfactant propagates well through the sandpack system and consistently produces higher incremental oil recoveries that range from 40 to 82 % over the incremental oil recovery achieved by conventional surfactant flooding.
Diesel Oil Degradation Potential of a Bacterium Inhabiting Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Surface Waters and Characterization of Its Emulsification Ability
Authors: Onur Gozde , Yilmaz Fadime , Icgen Bulent
Published: May 2015

Degradation of poorly water soluble hydrocarbons, like n‐alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are challenged by some bacteria through emulsification of hydrocarbons by producing biosurfactants. In diesel oil bioremediation, diesel oil degrading and surfactant producing bacteria are used to eliminate these pollutants from contaminated waters. Therefore, identifying and characterizing bacteria capable of producing surfactant and degrading diesel oil are pivotal. In this study, bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated river water were screened for their potential to degrade diesel oil. Primary selection was carried out by using conventional enrichment culture technique, emulsification index measurement, gravimetric and gas chromatographic analyses of diesel oil degradation. A bacterium with 60 % emulsification index and 92 % diesel oil degradation ability in 14 days was identified as Acinetobacter haemolyticus Zn01 by 16S rRNA sequencing. A. haemolyticus Zn01 was shown to harbor both catabolic genes alkB and C23O effective in diesel oil degradation. The biosurfactant of the bacterium was also characterized in terms of surface tension, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Being able to emulsify and degrade diesel oil, A. haemolyticus Zn01 seems to have high potential for the elimination of diesel oil from polluted waters.
Guideline Implementation: Local Anesthesia
Authors: Fencl Jennifer L.
Published: May 2015

It is not uncommon in perioperative settings for patients to receive local anesthesia for a variety of procedures. It is imperative for patient safety that the perioperative RN has a comprehensive understanding of best practices associated with the use of local anesthesia. The updated AORN “Guideline for care of the patient receiving local anesthesia” provides guidance on perioperative nursing assessments and interventions to safely care for patients receiving local anesthesia. This article focuses on key points of the guideline to help perioperative personnel become knowledgeable regarding best practice as they care for this patient population. The key points address patient assessment, the importance of having an overall understanding of the local agent being used, recommended monitoring requirements, and potential adverse events, including life‐threatening events. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
Late diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease
Authors: Martins Marielle Rodrigues , dos Santos Carlos Henrique Marques , Falcão Gustavo Ribeiro
Published: May 2015

Hirschsprung's disease is a condition characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in a variable segment of the large intestine, mainly producing the symptom of constipation and being usually diagnosed in the first year of life. With diagnostic methods already established in the literature, the sole treatment is surgery. The objective of this study is to report a case of late diagnosis of the disease at age 13, with symptoms of fecal incontinence in its evolution.
‘Eternity will nail him to himself’: the logic of damnation in Kierkegaard'sThe Sickness unto Death
Authors: MANIS R. ZACHARY
Published: May 2015

Though Kierkegaard's writings are rarely referenced in discussions of the problem of hell, the choice model of hell, I argue, can be strengthened by a close reading of the relevant passages ofThe Sickness unto Deaththat bear on the topic of damnation. Each of the two major forms of the choice model that are discussed in the contemporary philosophical literature are anticipated and developed in masterful psychological detail in this key Kierkegaardian text. The first form of the choice model, which sees damnation as the explicit and direct object of choice of those who are finally lost, faces the challenge of explaining motive: why would anyone freely choose eternal damnation? The second form, in which damnation is the natural consequence of certain free choices but not that which is chosen directly, faces the significant challenge of explaining why God does not annihilate the damned, mercifully putting them out of their misery. I argue thatThe Sickness unto Deathcontains conceptual resources for meeting both of these challenges.
Parent–child relationships among older Chinese immigrants: the influence of co-residence, frequent contact, intergenerational support and sense of children's deference
Authors: GUO MAN , XU LING , LIU JINYU , MAO WEIYU , CHI IRIS
Published: May 2015

Immigration disrupts the bonding process in families. Maintaining close relationships with adult children can be an important protective factor for older immigrants' health and wellbeing. Quantitative research explaining such close relationships is rare. This study examined factors associated with close parent–child relationships in a purposive sample of 236 older Chinese immigrants in Los Angeles who provided information regarding 365 children. Two-level regression models were estimated to investigate factors contributing to cohesive parent–child relationships among these older adults. The findings showed that co-residence, a characteristic that distinguishes immigrant families from most non-immigrant families, was associated with lower parent–child relationship quality. Frequent contact was associated with closer relationships. While receiving instrumental and monetary support from children was associated with favourable ratings of relationships with children, providing such support to children was not related to parents' assessment of relationship quality. Parental perceptions of children being respectful was also associated with better relationship quality ratings. Overall, the findings demonstrate how family-related changes in the immigration context shape parent–child relationships in later life. Implications for future research and practice are provided.
Velocities of the Amery Ice Shelf's primary tributary glaciers, 2004–12
Authors: Pittard M.L. , Roberts J.L. , Watson C.S. , Galton-Fenzi B.K. , Warner R.C. , Coleman R.
Published: May 2015

Monitoring the rate of ice flow into ice shelves is vital to understanding how, where and when mass changes occur in Antarctica. Previous observations of ice surface velocity indicate that the Amery Ice Shelf and tributary glaciers have been relatively stable over the period 1968 to 1999. This study measured the displacement of features on the ice surface over a sequence of Landsat 7 images separated by approximately one year and spanning 2004 to 2012 using the surface feature tracking software IMCORR. The focus is on the region surrounding the southern grounding zone of the Amery Ice Shelf and its primary tributary glaciers: the Fisher, Lambert and Mellor glaciers. No significant changes in surface velocity were observed over this period. Accordingly, the velocity fields from each image pair between 2004 and 2012 were used to synthesize an average velocity dataset of the Amery Ice Shelf region and to compare it to previously published velocity datasets and in situ global positioning system velocity observations. No significant change in ice surface velocities was found between 2004 and 2012 in the Amery Ice Shelf region, which suggests that it continues to remain stable.
Incentives and models of governance
Authors: Bevan Gwyn
Published: May 2015

This short commentary on Oliver’s review of incentives relates that review to four models of governance: Trust and Altruism (T&A), Choice and Competition (C&C), Naming and Shaming (N&S) and Targets and Terror (T&T).