bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Production of an Economical Culture Medium from Apple Pomace for the Propagation of Non-Conventional Cidermaking Yeast Starters
Authors: Fontanini Josefina M. , Origone Andrea C. , Sangorrín Marcela P. , Maturano Carmen R. , Lopes Christian A. , Rodríguez M. Eugenia
Published: January 2025

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of different chemical treatments of apple pomace in order to produce an economical culture medium for the propagation of two non-conventional yeast strains. An experimental design approach was used for the optimization of the hydrolysis conditions of apple pomace. Both acid and alkaline treatment conditions were tested. The optimal hydrolysis conditions to disrupt the pomace lignocellulosic structure were 1% w/v of H3PO4, 121 °C, and 40 min for acid treatment, while 6% w/v of NH4OH, 20 °C, and 2 h were optimal for the alkaline condition. Saccharomyces uvarum NPCC 1420 and Saccharomyces eubayanus NPCC 1292 yeasts were able to grow in the liquid fraction obtained from both acid and alkaline treatments. However, the medium with the acid treatment was found to be more suitable for yeast growth, showing, for both strains, higher µmax and biomass production and lower td and λ than that observed for the medium with the alkaline treatment. According to the growth parameter analysis for both strains, the acid treatment was selected for further studies. By taking advantage of this agroindustrial by-product, a circular economy approach is promoted, reducing environmental impact and fostering sustainable development.
Optimization of Urban Fire Emergency Resource Allocation Based on Pre-Allocated Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Zhao Kaigong , Gao Shang , Li Changming
Published: January 2025

As a high-frequency disaster with potentially devastating consequences, urban fires not only threaten the lives of city residents but can also lead to severe property losses, especially for hazardous chemical leaking scenarios. Quick and scientific decision-making regarding resource allocation during urban fire emergency responses is crucial for reducing disaster damages. Based on several key factors such as the number of trapped individuals and hazardous chemical leaks during the early stages of an incident, an emergency weight system for resource allocation is proposed to effectively address complex situations. In addition, a multi-objective optimization model is built to achieve the shortest response time for emergency rescue teams and the lowest cost for material transportation. Additionally, a pre-allocated bee swarm algorithm is introduced to mitigate the issue of local incident points being unable to participate in rescue due to low weights, and a comparison of traditional genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization algorithms is conducted. Experiments conducted in a virtual urban fire scenario validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively achieve the dual goals of minimizing transportation time and costs. Furthermore, the bee swarm algorithm exhibits advantages in convergence speed, allowing for the faster identification of ideal solutions, thereby providing a scientific basis for the rapid allocation of resources in urban fire emergency rescues.
The Health Impact of Cocoa from Cultivation to the Formation of Biogenic Amines: An Updated Review
Authors: Paparella Antonello , Schirone Maria , López Clemencia Chaves
Published: January 2025

Cocoa and chocolate are known for their health benefits, which depend on factors like cocoa variety, post-harvest practices, and manufacturing processes, including fermentation, drying, roasting, grinding, and refining. These processing methods can influence the concentration and bioavailability of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols that are linked to cardiovascular health and antioxidant effects. Recent scientific research has led to the development of cocoa-based products marketed as functional foods. However, despite the growing interest in the functional potential of cocoa, the literature lacks crucial information about the properties of different varieties of cocoa and their possible implications for human health. Moreover, climate change is affecting global cocoa production, potentially altering product composition and health-related characteristics. In addition to polyphenols, other compounds of interest are biogenic amines, due to their role and potential toxic effects on human health. Based on toxicological data and recent research on the complex relationship between biogenic amines and cocoa fermentation, setting limits or standards for biogenic amines in cocoa and chocolate could help ensure product safety. Finally, new trends in research on biogenic amines in chocolate suggest that these compounds might also be used as quality markers, and that product formulation and process conditions could change content and diversity of the different amines.
Edible Insects as an Alternative Source of Nutrients: Benefits, Risks, and the Future of Entomophagy in Europe—A Narrative Review
Authors: Jankowski Wojciech Michał , Przychodniak Dominik , Gromek Weronika , Majsiak Emilia , Kurowski Marcin
Published: January 2025

According to projections by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the global population will reach 9 billion by 2050. This raises concerns about the ability to feed such a population. In view of the above, it is necessary to search for alternative food sources. Edible insects are rich in complete protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins and micronutrients. Despite this, entomophagy is not common in Europe. In 2021, the European Union approved Acheta domesticus, Tenebrio molitor, Locusta migratoria, and Alphitobius diaperinus for consumption. However, their consumption may also be associated with certain hazards, e.g., food allergies. The purpose of this review is to present existing knowledge, discuss the possible dangers of consuming insects, and identify areas for further research. Studies in Asian populations indicate that edible insects may be responsible for 4.2–19.4% of food allergies and 18% of fatal food-induced anaphylaxis. There are also increasing reports from Europe of food allergies to edible insects. A thorough understanding of allergens, their properties, and the mechanisms of food allergies associated with edible insects’ consumption is essential for ensuring consumers’ safety. In the future, it would be worthwhile to investigate the effects of heat treatment on the allergenicity of insect proteins.
An Effective Iterative Process Utilizing Transcendental Sine Functions for the Generation of Julia and Mandelbrot Sets
Authors: Alam Khairul Habib , Rohen Yumnam , Tomar Anita , Saleem Naeem , Aphane Maggie , Razzaque Asima
Published: January 2025

This study presents an innovative iterative method designed to approximate common fixed points of generalized contractive mappings. We provide theorems that confirm the convergence and stability of the proposed iteration scheme, further illustrated through examples and visual demonstrations. Moreover, we apply s-convexity to the iteration procedure to construct orbits under convexity conditions, and we present a theorem that determines the condition when a sequence diverges to infinity, known as the escape criterion, for the transcendental sine function sin(um)−αu+β, where u,α,β∈C and m≥2. Additionally, we generate chaotic fractals for this orbit, governed by escape criteria, with numerical examples implemented using MATHEMATICA software. Visual representations are included to demonstrate how various parameters influence the coloration and dynamics of the fractals. Furthermore, we observe that enlarging the Mandelbrot set near its petal edges reveals the Julia set, indicating that every point in the Mandelbrot set contains substantial data corresponding to the Julia set’s structure.
Integrative Analysis of Radiation-Induced Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype Factors in Kidney Cancer Progression
Authors: Suman Shubhankar
Published: January 2025

Background: Ionizing radiation (IR) is a well-known inducer of cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP factors play dual roles in cancer, either promoting or inhibiting its development. This study investigates IR-induced SASP factors specifically secreted by renal cortical epithelial (RCE) cells and their role in promoting renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression. Methods: Proteomic data from the SASP Atlas were analyzed to identify IR-induced factors unique to RCE cells, with subsequent evaluations performed at both the gene and protein levels. Thirty-seven proteins were identified as exclusively upregulated and secreted by senescent RCE cells. Gene expression analysis of these RCE-specific SASP factors was conducted using the Gene Expression database of Normal and Tumor tissues (GENT2) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). To assess their prognostic relevance in RCC, the corresponding proteins were further analyzed using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), emphasizing the relationship between SASP factor expression and RCC progression. Results: ALDH18A1 and ASPH emerged as key RCE-specific SASP factors with significant upregulation at both the gene and protein levels (Log2 ratio > 1.15, p < 0.05). These proteins are implicated in pro-cancer activities and are strongly associated with poor prognostic outcomes in RCC. Their critical roles in RCC progression underscore their potential as promising therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of the disease. Conclusions: This study provides novel insights into the role of IR-induced SASP in renal carcinogenesis, marking the first identification of ALDH18A1 and ASPH as specific secreted proteins associated with tumor progression in RCC. This study suggests that ALDH18A1 and ASPH hold promise as early biomarkers for RCC and as therapeutic targets for disease prevention and treatment.
Global Sn Isotope Compositions of Cassiterite Identify the Magmatic–Hydrothermal Evolution of Tin Ore Systems
Authors: Mathur Ryan , Powell Wayne , Yao Junming , Guimaraes Frederico , Cheng Yanbo , Godfrey Linda , Tornos Fernando , Killick David , Stephens Jay , Mao Jingwen , Sun Mingguang , Lehmann Bernd
Published: January 2025

Published Sn isotope data along with 150 new analyses of cassiterite and four granite analyses constrain two major tin isotope fractionation steps associated with (1) separation of tin from the magma/orthomagmatic transitional environment and (2) hydrothermal activity. A distinct Sn isotope difference across deposit type, geological host rocks, and time of ore deposit formation demonstrates that the difference in the mean δ124Sn value represents the operation of a unified process. The lower Sn isotope values present in both residual igneous rocks and pegmatite suggest that heavier Sn isotopes were extracted from the system during orthomagmatic fluid separation, likely by F ligands with Sn. Rayleigh distillation models this first F ligand-induced fractionation. The subsequent development of the hydrothermal system is characterized by heavier Sn isotope composition proximal to the intrusion, which persists in spite of Sn isotope fractionating towards isotopically lighter Sn during hydrothermal evolution.
Situational Factors Impacting Harmful Behavior Towards Others Related to Mental Health in the Community and Their Associations: A Scoping Review Based on Systematic Reviews
Authors: Kobata Issho , Fukuura Yoshitomo , Kaba Yuzaburo , Shigematsu Yukako
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors associated with harmful behavior toward others based on existing research. Methods: This scoping review focused on individuals at risk of harming others due to mental health issues, with the target population encompassing three settings: the community, inpatient facilities with frequent admissions and discharges, and healthcare settings where medical treatment is sought. A scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The terms violence, aggression, problem behavior, and workplace violence were used to search for related literature, subsequently selecting systematic reviews. Results: A total of 24 papers were ultimately included. From the included papers, background factors (demographic, personal history, and clinical aspects); situational factors (social connection status, daily life status); psychological factors; antecedents of harmful behavior; and triggers of harmful behavior were extracted as factors associated with harmful behavior. Conclusions: Our results indicate that background and situational factors lead to harmful behavior toward others, disruptions in the harmony between these factors cause disturbances in psychological processes, and harmful behavior toward others is triggered by stimuli that promote such behavior. Considering that all studies reviewed herein involved inpatients and forensic patients in medical settings, further research is required to identify the factors associated with harmful behaviors occurring in the community.
Exploring Therapists’ Experiences of an Educational Website to Support Telehealth Delivery of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy
Authors: Makroglou Kate , Fearn Nicola , Portelli Bianca , Badge Helen , Boydell Jessamy , Kilkenny Anna , Meharg Annie , Christie Lauren J.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is an evidence-based intervention for arm recovery after acquired brain injury. Clinician knowledge, time and confidence in delivering CIMT are established barriers to the routine use of CIMT in practice. CIMT delivery via telehealth is one option to help overcome these barriers. This study aimed to understand clinician experiences of using an educational website and if the education and online resources contributed to their self-reported use of constraint-induced movement therapy via telehealth (TeleCIMT) in practice. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a purposive sample of therapists registered to use the TeleCIMT website and website analytics. An online survey explored participants’ experience with CIMT delivery (both face to face and via telehealth), their perceptions of the website, and barriers and enablers to TeleCIMT implementation using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation—Behaviour model. Website analytics were used to evaluate website traffic and resource use. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (quantitative data) and content analysis (qualitative data). Results: Forty therapists responded to the survey; 72.5% (n = 29) of the respondents were occupational therapists, and 37.5% (n = 15) had delivered TeleCIMT. Most of the participants agreed that the website was easy to navigate (n = 26, 90%) and felt that they had the knowledge (n = 28, 96.6%) and skills (n = 24, 82.7%) to deliver TeleCIMT. The enablers to TeleCIMT included motivation to implement learnings from the website, confidence in delivering the programme, and the convenience of remote delivery. The perceived barriers to TeleCIMT use included limited access to technology and the availability of a client supporter to enable engagement in TeleCIMT. The resources used most frequently by the respondents were the participant preparation pack and participant programme pack. Shorter video learning modules (<11 min in duration) had greater engagement than longer video learning modules. Conclusions: Whilst online education and resources may enhance clinician knowledge of constraint-induced movement therapy and telehealth delivery, other barriers such as lack of technology access, may need to be addressed through additional learning and implementation strategies to support the routine use of TeleCIMT in practice.
Time–Course Analysis of the Onset and Progression of Cuticle Cracking in Fruits of Cherry Tomato Cultivar ‘Nene’
Authors: Hosoi Ryosuke , Ikeda Kazuo , Nishizawa Takashi , Nabeshima Tomoyuki
Published: January 2025

Cuticle cracking in tomatoes, characterized by fine cracks on the cuticular membrane, significantly reduces their shelf life. In this study, we collected basic information about the onset and progression of cuticular cracks in cherry tomatoes by observing the time–course of cuticular cracks incidence and severity during three cultivation periods. Several fruit characteristics—including the fruit weight, cuticular membrane deposition, and epidermal cell morphology—were analyzed alongside environmental factors to identify the conditions under which cuticular crack occurs. In the spring–summer season, cuticular cracks’ onset occurred at 30 days after anthesis, whereas in the summer–autumn, it occurred at 20 days after anthesis. The severity of cuticular cracks at harvest was higher in the summer–autumn cultivation than in the spring–summer. These results indicate that the period during which susceptibility to cuticular cracks increases may vary by season, contributing to seasonal differences in the final severity. However, no consistent relationship was observed between the incidence or severity of cuticular cracks and the fruit size, temperature, or humidity throughout the study. In both seasons, the onset of cuticular cracks coincided with the peaking of the cuticular membrane deposition. Thickening of the cuticular membrane, resulting in decreased elasticity may contribute to the cuticular cracks’ onset.
Integrating Nature-Based Solutions for Increased Resilience to Urban Flooding in the Climate Change Context
Authors: Radu George , Chevereșan Maria Ilinca , Perju Sorin , Bărbulescu Alina
Published: January 2025

As climate change intensifies with more frequent and severe flood events, urban areas face increasing challenges to protect population wellbeing. Amid urban development challenges, political uncertainty, and socioeconomic pressures, finding sustainable solutions to enhance urban resilience has become urgent and complex. This article explores the limitations of traditional drainage systems in an urban zone of Bucharest, Romania, and the integration of nature-based solutions for flood mitigation. We compare the existing situation with those simulated in a climate change scenario before and after implementing green solutions. The imperviousness of parking lots was set at 60%, that of green roofs at 65%, and that of parking lots at 85%. A hydraulic model was used for this purpose. The results demonstrate that the current stormwater systems struggle to meet the demands of increasing rainfall intensity and highlight how sustainable strategies can effectively address extreme weather challenges while contributing to the restoration of natural environments within the city. In the case of using ‘gray’ solutions, only 10–20% of the area affected by floods is reduced. In comparison, a combination of gray and green infrastructure achieved an average reduction in peak water levels of 0.76 m.
The First Report of Environmental Exposure to Barium in 10 Localities Close to Industrial Areas and Ports in the Amazon
Authors: Chagas Brenda Rodrigues , de Magalhães Câmara Volney , Naka Karytta Sousa , de Queiroz Thaís Karolina Lisboa , de Cássia dos Santos Mendes Lorena , de Jesus Iracina Maura , de Oliveira Lima Marcelo , Meyer Armando
Published: January 2025

Environmental exposure to metallic contaminants such as barium (Ba) is a worldwide concern, as these metals can even be toxic to the human body. Data on different sources of exposure to Ba and possible routes of entry are important for preventing adverse health effects. Blood Ba levels were evaluated in 10 localities in the cities of Barcarena and Abaetetuba in the Amazon. Ba levels were quantified using induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the data were stratified per epidemiological variables and lifestyle habits. The localities were divided into two groups: Group 1, localities wherein individuals had the lowest median levels (0.299–1.330 µg·L−1), and Group 2, localities wherein individuals had the highest median levels (8740–37,300 µg·L−1). Factors such as duration of residency, sex, age, smoking status, and alcohol consumption significantly contributed to the increase in exposure. The highest concentrations were associated with drinking water sources such as underground wells and local rivers, as well as the consumption of fish. This is the first study to record Ba exposure in individuals living in localities close to the industrial areas in the Amazon. These findings may facilitate the development of new health surveillance policies and the implementation of preventive measures.
Smoking Among Healthcare Professionals in Australia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Salehin Masudus , Lam Louisa , Rahman Muhammad Aziz
Published: January 2025

Studies showed healthcare professionals who are non-smokers are more likely to deliver smoking cessation advice to their patients than those who are smokers. However, healthcare professionals continue to smoke across the globe. This scoping review assessed the available data on the prevalence and predictors of smoking among healthcare professionals in Australia. Following the PRISMA extension for the Scoping Review checklist, a systematic literature search was conducted on CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library in August 2024. Articles published between 1990 and 2024 were considered, and finally, 26 papers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Australian healthcare professionals showed varying smoking prevalence. For physicians, it was 10.2% in 1990 to 7.4% in 2013; among dentists, 6% in 1993 to 4.9% in 2004; and among nurses, 21.7% in 1991 and 10.3% during 2014–15. The highest smoking rates were observed among Aboriginal health workers (AHWs): 63.6% in 1995 to 24.6% in 2021. Age was a positive predictor for smoking among nurses, and so was male gender among dentists, physicians, and nurses; other predictors included area of specialty, lower emotional wellbeing, etc. This review highlighted a declining trend in smoking among healthcare professionals in Australia; however, it was not proportionate among the different health specialties.
Early Immune Cell and Antibody Kinetics Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Healthy Adults and Low-Count Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis
Authors: Oliva-Ariza Guillermo , Criado Ignacio , Fuentes-Herrero Blanca , Carbonell Cristina , Sánchez-Gallego José Ignacio , López-Bernús Amparo , Gutiérrez María Laura , Rolo-Ramírez Alejandro , Bernal-Ribes Marta , Almenara-Morales Yolimar , Lecrevisse Quentin , van Dongen Jacques J. M. , Marcos Miguel , Almeida Julia , Orfao Alberto
Published: January 2025

The early immune kinetics after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination remain poorly understood, particularly among individuals with low-count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBLlo). We investigated the cellular and humoral kinetics in the blood of 50 non-MBL healthy donors (HD) vs. 16 MBLlo subjects after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, who were subclassified according to their history of previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 into SARS-CoV-2 naïve and previously infected subjects. Overall, we found decreased neutrophil and lymphocyte counts at day +4 following each dose in non-MBL HD, together with an earlier and higher increase in plasma cell (PC) counts and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels after the first vaccine in previously infected non-MBL HD. MBLlo subjects showed a similar profile, except for lower B-cell and higher PC counts after vaccination, and a trend towards a higher (but delayed) antibody response. In summary, we found different cell-kinetic profiles following vaccination in SARS-CoV-2 naïve vs. previously infected non-MBL HD (earlier PC and antibody responses in the latter group); additionally, MBLlo subjects had significantly lower B-cell and higher PC counts after vaccination, and a delayed SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response.
The Impact of Nanoparticles and Molecular Forms of TiO2 on the Rhizosphere of Plants in the Example of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)—Shifts in Microbiome Structure and Predicted Microbial Metabolic Functions
Authors: Przemieniecki Sebastian Wojciech , Damszel Marta , Kosewska Olga
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the effects of various titanium nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) on the structure, function, and trophic levels of the wheat rhizobiome. In contrast to the typically toxic effects of small nanoparticles (~10 nm), this research focused on molecular TiO2 and larger nanoparticles, as follows: medium-sized (68 nm, NPs1) and large (>100 nm, NPs2). The results demonstrated significant yet diverse impacts of different TiO2 forms on the rhizosphere microbiota. Large TiO2NPs2 and molecular TiO2 adversely affected the bacteriobiome and mycobiome, leading to an increase in autotrophic microbial groups. In contrast, medium-sized TiO2NPs1 shifted the microbiome toward chemoheterotrophy, promoting plant growth-associated bacteria, fungal saprotrophs, and potential phytopathogens, suggesting a beneficial r-strategy within the rhizosphere. Other treatments induced oligotrophic conditions, resulting in a less flexible rhizobiome with diminished root associations but an increased abundance of Trichoderma spp. Structural modelling revealed that even minor changes in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) could significantly alter the microbiota’s metabolic potential. These findings highlight the importance of further research to optimize nanoparticle applications for sustainable agriculture.
Effect of a Low-Molecular-Weight Allosteric Agonist of the Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor on Basal and Thyroliberin-Stimulated Activity of Thyroid System in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Derkach Kira V. , Pechalnova Alena S. , Sorokoumov Viktor N. , Zorina Inna I. , Morina Irina Y. , Chernenko Elizaveta E. , Didenko Egor A. , Romanova Irina V. , Shpakov Alexander O.
Published: January 2025

The approaches to correct thyroid deficiency include replacement therapy with thyroid hormones (THs), but such therapy causes a number of side effects. A possible alternative is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor activators, including allosteric agonists. The aim of this work was to study the effect of ethyl-2-(4-(4-(5-amino-6-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-2-(methylthio)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) acetate (TPY3m), a TSH receptor allosteric agonist developed by us, on basal and thyroliberin (TRH)-stimulated TH levels and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in male rats with high-fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Single and three-day administration of TPY3m (i.p., 20 mg/kg) was studied, and the effect of TPY3m on the HPT axis was compared with that of levothyroxine. TPY3m increased TH levels when administered to both healthy and diabetic rats, normalizing thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels in T2DM and, unlike levothyroxine, without negatively affecting TSH levels or the expression of hypothalamic and pituitary genes responsible for TSH production. TPY3m pretreatment preserved the stimulatory effects of TRH on TH levels and thyroid gene expression. This indicates the absence of competition between TPY3m and endogenous TSH for TSH receptor activation and is supported by our in vitro results on TPY3m- and TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in rat thyroid membranes. Morphological analysis of thyroid glands in diabetic rats after three-day TPY3m administration shows an increase in its functional activity without destructive changes. To summarize, TPY3m, with the activity of a partial allosteric agonist of the TSH receptor, was created as a prototype of drugs to correct thyroid insufficiency in T2DM.
Understanding Dioxygen Activation in the Fe(III)-Promoted Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Amines: A Computational Study
Authors: Páez-López Ricardo D. , Gómez-Soto Miguel Á. , Cortés-Hernández Héctor F. , Solano-Peralta Alejandro , Castro Miguel , Kroneck Peter M. H. , Sosa-Torres Martha E.
Published: January 2025

Hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions are fundamental in chemistry and essential for all living organisms. We employ density functional theory (DFT) to understand the reaction mechanism of the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of the pyridyl-amine complex [FeIIIL3]3+ (L3, 1,9-bis(2′-pyridyl)-5-[(ethoxy-2″-pyridyl)methyl]-2,5,8-triazanonane) to the mono-imine complex [FeIIL4]2+ (L4, 1,9-bis(2′-pyridyl)-5-[(ethoxy-2″-pyridyl)methyl]-2,5,8-triazanon-1-ene) in the presence of dioxygen. The nitrogen radical [FeIIL3N8•]2+, formed by deprotonation of [FeIIIL3]3+, plays a crucial role in the reaction mechanism derived from kinetic studies. O2 acts as an oxidant and is converted to H2O. Experiments with the deuterated ligand L3 reveal a primary C-H kinetic isotope effect, kCH/kCD = 2.30, suggesting C-H bond cleavage as the rate-determining step. The DFT calculations show that (i) 3O2 abstracts a hydrogen atom from the α-pyridine aliphatic C-H moiety, introducing a double bond regio-selectively at the C7N8 position, via the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism, (ii) O2 does not coordinate to the iron center to generate a high-valent Fe oxo species observed in enzymes and biomimetic complexes, and (iii) the experimental activation parameters (ΔH≠ = 20.38 kcal mol−1, ΔS≠ = −0.018 kcal mol−1 K−1) fall within in the range of values reported for HAT reactions and align well with the computational results for the activated complex [FeIIL3N8•]2+···3O2.
High-Coercivity Ferrimagnet Co₂FeO₂BO₃: XMCD Insights into Charge-Ordering and Cation Distribution
Authors: Platunov Mikhail S.
Published: January 2025

The multi-sublattice ferrimagnet Co2FeO2BO3, a prominent example of lanthanide-free magnets, was the subject of element-selective studies using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) observations at the L- and K- X-ray absorption edges. Research findings indicate that the distinct magnetic characteristics of Co2FeO2BO3, namely its remarkable high coercivity (which surpasses 7 Tesla at low temperatures), originate from an atypical arrangement of magnetic ions in the crystal structure (sp.gr. Pbam). The antiferromagnetic nature of the Co2+-O-Fe3+ exchange interaction was confirmed by identifying the spin and orbital contributions to the total magnetization from Co (mL = 0.27 ± 0.1 μB/ion and meffS = 0.53 ± 0.1 μB/ion) and Fe (mL = 0.05 ± 0.1 μB/ion and meffS = 0.80 ± 0.1 μB/ion) ions through element-selective XMCD analysis. Additionally, the research explicitly revealed that the strong magnetic anisotropy is a result of the significant unquenched orbital magnetic moment of Co, a feature that is also present in the related compound Co3O2BO3. A complex magnetic structure in Co2FeO2BO3, with infinite Co²⁺O6 layers in the bc-plane and strong antiferromagnetic coupling through Fe3⁺ ions, is suggested by element-selective hysteresis data, which revealed that Co²⁺ ions contribute both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic components to the total magnetization. The findings underline the suitability of Co2FeO2BO3 for applications in extreme environments, such as low temperatures and high magnetic fields, where its unique magnetic topology and anisotropy can be harnessed for advanced technologies, including materials for space exploration and quantum devices. This XMCD study opens the door to the production of novel high-coercivity, lanthanide-free magnetic materials by showing that targeted substitution at specific crystallographic sites can significantly enhance the magnetic properties of such materials.
Robotically Assisted vs. Manual Total Hip Arthroplasty in Developmental Hip Dysplasia: A Comparative Analysis of Radiological and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Zora Hakan , Bayrak Gökhan , Bilgen Ömer Faruk
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), defined by the malalignment of the femoral head and acetabulum, is a major precursor to coxarthrosis, posing substantial challenges during total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients with coxarthrosis secondary to DDH often exhibit acetabular bone insufficiency, which makes challenging surgical reconstruction difficult. This study aimed to compare the radiologic and functional outcomes of robotically assisted and conventional manual THA techniques in patients with coxarthrosis secondary to Crowe type III–IV DDH. Methods: This prospective study included 40 patients divided into robotically assisted (n = 20) and conventional manual (n = 20) THA groups. Evaluations encompassed hip pain (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS), function (Harris hip score and University of California, Los Angeles, activity scale), quality of life (Short Form-12), and prosthesis sensation (Forgotten Joint Score-12). Radiologic outcomes included acetabular inclination and anteversion angles. Femoral shortening, operative duration, and follow-up times were also analyzed. Results: Demographic characteristics did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). Robotically assisted THA exhibited a significantly longer operative time (171.40 ± 11.96 vs. 150.30 ± 14.67 min; p = 0.001) but a shorter follow-up (29.3 ± 8.51 vs. 52.95 ± 18.96 months; p = 0.001), without a difference in the amount of femoral shortening (p = 0.947). Despite the extended surgical duration, the two techniques achieved comparable radiologic outcomes, with no significant differences in acetabular inclination or anteversion angles (p > 0.05). Functional assessments, including Harris hip scores (73.85 vs. 73.95; p = 0.978), UCLA activity scores, and VAS, indicated similar efficacy between groups. SF-12 physical and mental quality of life and Forgotten Joint Score-12 prosthesis sensation did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study concludes that robotically assisted and conventional manual THA present similar radiologic and functional outcomes in patients with coxarthrosis secondary to Crowe type III–IV DDH, as displayed by comparable acetabular anteversion and inclination alignment, femoral shortening, hip function, pain, quality of life, and prosthesis sensation scores. While robotically assisted THA requires a longer operative time, its precision in implant placement may hold potential advantages for long-term outcomes, demanding further investigation in extended follow-up studies.
Hyperphosphorylated Tau and Cognition in Epilepsy
Authors: Witt Juri-Alexander , Andernach Johanna , Becker Albert , Helmstaedter Christoph
Published: January 2025

In light of the growing interest in the bidirectional relationship between epilepsy and dementia, this review aims to provide an overview of the role of hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) in cognition in human epilepsy. A literature search identified five relevant studies. All of them examined pTau burden in surgical biopsy specimens from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The prevalence of pTau reported across the five studies, encompassing a total of 142 patients, ranged from 3.5% to 95%. Findings also varied regarding the location of pTau in the hippocampus and/or temporal cortex. Two of five studies (40%) demonstrated an inverse relationship between pTau burden and cognitive performance, one study with regard to executive functions and the other with regard to naming and verbal short-term memory. The only longitudinal study found a significant link between pTau and cognitive decline in verbal learning and memory, and in part also in naming, from the pre- to the postoperative assessment and from three to 12 months postoperatively. Given the heterogeneity of the study cohorts and the neuropsychological and neuropathological methodologies and findings, no clear picture emerges regarding the association between pTau and cognition in temporal lobe epilepsy. Added to this is the multifactorial etiology of cognitive impairment in epilepsy, including the active epilepsy, the underlying and sometimes dynamic pathology, and anti-seizure medication. Some of these factors may affect pTau expression. Further research should aim to investigate pTau longitudinally and noninvasively on a whole-brain level, using targeted neuropsychological outcome measures and controlling for age and other factors potentially influencing cognitive trajectories in epilepsy.
Biodegradable Polymers and Textiles
Authors: Varnaitė-Žuravliova Sandra , Baltušnikaitė-Guzaitienė Julija
Published: January 2025

The increasing interest in developing biodegradable polymers through chemical treatments, microorganisms, and enzymes highlights a commitment to environmentally friendly disposal methods [...]
Implementation of Valid HPV Diagnostics for the Early Detection of Cervical Cancer in Molecular Pathology: HPV 3.5 LCD-Array (Chipron GmbH) vs. PapilloCheck® (Greiner Bio-One GmbH) vs. VisionArray® (ZytoVision GmbH)
Authors: Jeroch Jan , Winter Melanie , Bieber Anna , Boger Agnes , Schmitt Christina , Ebner Silvana , Tahmasbi Rad Morva , Reis Henning , Wild Peter. J.
Published: January 2025

The occurrence of cervical cancer is often linked to a previous infection with a human papillomavirus (HPV). In order to detect HPV infections in cervical smears, a broad range of tests can be used. This study compares the two hybridisation-based DNA-microarray systems “HPV 3.5 LCD-Array” (Chipron GmbH) and “PapilloCheck®” (Greiner Bio-One GmbH), based on their ability to detect and differentiate HPV infections in 42 different cervical smears. PapilloCheck® can detect and individually identify 24 HPV types, whereas the 3.5 LCD-Array can differentiate among 32 HPV genotypes. However, both systems include all 13 high-risk (HR)-classified types. With Chipron having already stopped the production of the 3.5 LCD-Array test, quite a few laboratories are confronted with the need to establish a new HPV testing method. The two methods were found to have a high agreement regarding the clinical significance of the detected HR HPV types. Discrepant cases were additionally validated with the help of a third test (VisionArray® HPV, ZytoVision GmbH). The results of the VisionArray® test corresponded rather well with the results of the 3.5 LCD-Array.
Plankton Concentration Model Consistent with Natural Events and Monitoring Series of Holographic Measurements
Authors: Dyomin Victor , Kurkova Daria , Davydova Alexandra , Polovtsev Igor , Morgalev Sergey
Published: January 2025

This paper considers the features of a time series of plankton concentrations, which are further compared with such phenomena as the alteration of day and night and tidal processes. The analysis of experimental data recorded as a result of long-term monitoring measurements under field conditions showed that the diurnal variability in plankton concentrations can be described using a model harmonic function. At the same time, based on the parameters of the diurnal variability model, it is possible to build a bioindication system to detect the influence of abnormal environmental factors estimated as pollution. This study discusses the ideology of building such a system based on regular observations of the behavior of autochthonous plankton using a submersible digital holographic camera.
Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Highly Heterozygous Phallus echinovolvatus Provide New Insights into Its Genetics
Authors: An Mengya , Liang Ruoxi , Chen Yanliu , Zhang Jinhua , Wang Xiuqing , Li Xing , Qu Guohua , Liang Junfeng
Published: January 2025

Phallus echinovolvatus is a well-known edible and medicinal fungus with significant economic value. However, the available whole-genome information is lacking for this species. The chromosome-scale reference genome (Monop) and two haploid genomes (Hap1 and Hap2) of P. echinovolvatus, each assembled into 11 pseudochromosomes, were constructed using Illumina, PacBio-HiFi long-read sequencing, and Hi-C technology. The Monop had a size of 36.54 Mb, with 10,251 predicted protein-coding genes and including 433 carbohydrate-active enzyme genes, 385 cytochrome P450 enzyme genes, and 42 gene clusters related to secondary metabolite synthesis. Phylogenetic and collinearity analysis revealed a close evolutionary relationship between P. echinovolvatus and Clathrus columnatus in the core Phallales clade. Hap1 and Hap2 had sizes of 35.46 Mb and 36.11 Mb, respectively. Collinear relationships were not observed for 15.38% of the genes in the two haplotypes. Hap1 had 256 unique genes, and Hap2 had 370 unique genes. Our analysis of the P. echinovolvatus genome provides insights into the genetic basis of the mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of bioactive substances and will aid ongoing breeding efforts and studies of genetic mechanisms.
Examining Market Quality on the Egyptian Exchange (EGX): An Intraday Liquidity Analysis
Authors: Rushdy Ahmed , Samak Nagwa
Published: January 2025

This study examines the intraday dynamics of liquidity and trading activity on the Egyptian Exchange (EGX) to assess its market quality. Using reconstructed five-minute limit order book data, this study measures liquidity dimensions and explores anomalies through interval-of-day and day-of-week models. Key findings reveal an inverted J-shaped pattern in spreads due to information asymmetry, a U-shaped pattern in total depth, and a J-shaped market depth pattern. Additionally, significant day-of-week effects are observed, with Sundays showing the lowest liquidity and Thursdays the highest trading activity. These patterns highlight the impact of the EGX’s unique microstructure, including tick sizes and a preference for limit orders. This study underscores the influence of market structure on liquidity, trading efficiency, and cost, emphasizing the need for tailored regulatory and trading strategies. It provides valuable insights for investors optimizing trading strategies and policymakers seeking to enhance market integrity. Concluding, this research offers a foundation for understanding intraday liquidity patterns in emerging markets like the EGX and proposes future exploration of how information flows and trading mechanisms affect price discovery and market efficiency.
The Stability of Trend Management Strategies in Chaotic Market Conditions
Authors: Musaev Alexander , Grigoriev Dmitry
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the stability of trend management strategies under stochastic chaos conditions, with a focus on speculative trading in the Forex market. The primary aim is to evaluate the feasibility and robustness of these strategies for asset management. The experimental setup involves sequential optimization and testing of trend strategies across three EURUSD observation intervals, where each subsequent interval alternates between training and testing roles. Methods include numerical data analysis, parametric optimization, and the use of both conventional and bidirectional exponential filters to isolate system components and improve trend detection. Observations reveal that while trend strategies optimized for specific intervals yield positive results, their effectiveness diminishes on unseen intervals due to inherent market instability. The results show significant limitations in using linear trend-based strategies in chaotic environments, with optimized strategies often leading to losses in subsequent periods. The discussion highlights the potential of integrating trend statistics into multi-expert decision systems, leveraging fuzzy solutions based on fundamental analysis to enhance decision-making reliability. In conclusion, while standalone trend strategies are unsuitable for stable asset management in chaotic markets, their integration into hybrid systems may provide a pathway for improved performance and resilience.
Historical Simulation Systematically Underestimates the Expected Shortfall
Authors: García-Risueño Pablo
Published: January 2025

Expected Shortfall (ES) is a risk measure that is acquiring an increasingly relevant role in financial risk management. In contrast to Value-at-Risk (VaR), ES considers the severity of the potential losses and reflects the benefits of diversification. ES is often calculated using Historical Simulation (HS), i.e., using observed data without further processing into the formula for its calculation. This has advantages like being parameter-free and has been favored by some regulators. However, the usage of HS for calculating ES presents a potentially serious drawback: It strongly depends on the size of the sample of historical data, being typically reasonable sizes similar to the number of trading days in one year. Moreover, this relationship leads to systematic underestimation: the lower the sample size, the lower the ES tends to be. In this letter, we present examples of this phenomenon for representative stocks and bonds, illustrating how the values of the ES and their averages are affected by the number of chosen data points. In addition, we present a method to mitigate the errors in the ES due to a low sample size, which is suitable for both liquid and illiquid financial products. Our analysis is expected to provide financial practitioners with useful insights about the errors made using Historical Simulation in the calculation of the Expected Shortfall. This, together with the method that we propose to reduce the errors due to finite sample size, is expected to help avoid miscalculations of the actual risk of portfolios.
Preliminary Reference Intervals for Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Fractions and an Examination of MRP-126 as a Potential Marker of Inflammation in the Aldabra Giant Tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea)
Authors: Dianis Allison E. , Thompson Kimberly A. , Eustace Ronan , Soto Jeny , Cray Carolyn
Published: January 2025

The diagnostic utility and reference intervals for blood studies in Aldabra giant tortoises (Aldabrachelys gigantea) are not well described. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has been evaluated in non-mammalian vertebrates and shows a higher fraction resolution and less overall variation in results than agarose gel electrophoresis. To date, the investigation of novel biomarkers has been limited in reptiles. MRP-126, a calgranulin homologue in reptiles, has not been evaluated for its diagnostic potential in tortoises. The goals of this study were to establish preliminary reference intervals for CZE protein electrophoresis and to examine MRP-126 as a potential biomarker of inflammation in Aldabra giant tortoises. In 27 clinically healthy tortoises, CZE resolved seven protein fractions. In tortoises with an inflammatory or infectious disease process (n = 4), MRP-126 concentrations and CZE fractions did not consistently increase or were abnormal. To strengthen the understanding of the diagnostic value of CZE and MRP-126 concentration in this species, future studies should evaluate a larger sample set inclusive of repeated measures of clinically abnormal tortoises as well as CZE and MRP-126 variations in regard to additional health conditions, age, sex, season, and geographic location.