bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Measurements of Be-10/Be-7 Ratio in Rainwater for Atmospheric Transport Analysis
Authors: K. de los Ríos  , C. Méndez-García  , L. Acosta  , R. García-Martínez  , M. A. Martínez-Carrillo  , M. E. Ortiz
Published: March 2020

The meteoric cosmogenic beryllium has been used as an essential geophysical tracer in the analysis of atmospheric flows and erosion soils since 1960. The first measurements Be-7 and Be-10 concentrations in rainwater from Mexico, have been carried out by using gamma decay spectroscopy and AMS techniques, respectively for each isotope. With this it was possible to report a preliminar value for the Be-10/Be-7 isotopic ratio in such environmental samples. The present work described preliminary results related to rainwater collected at mountain and metropolitan areas. Results are compared with predictions and previous measurements for both radioisotopes, observing a very sensible behavior particularly for the case of Be-7 activities.
Characterizing a Mini Gamma Detector
Authors: E. Márquez-Quintos  , E. Moreno-Barbosa  , J. E. Espinosa  , Benito de Celis Alonso  , Margarita Amaro Aranda  , R. Palomino Merino
Published: March 2020

There are several types of gamma radiation detectors, which have different characteristics depending on its use. We designed and instrumented a gamma detector for low energies of a small and portable size to obtain spectrum from radioactive sources and from that analyze each spectrum. This instrument basically consists of a scintillator crystal coupled to a SiPM this in turn coupled to a PCB card designed with capacitors and resistors for a better signal, a voltage source of 29 volts. For signal acquisition the system must be connected to an oscilloscope this in turn is controlled by a script developed in Python. For the calibration radioactive isotopes with the same dimensions were used, caesium-137 (Cs-137), cobalto-60 (Co-60), sodium-22 (Na-22) and manganese-54 (Mn-54) as gamma ray emission.
A GEANT4 Study of a Gamma-ray Collimation Array
Authors: J A López  , S S Romero González  , O Hernández Rodríguez  , J Holmes  , R Alarcón
Published: March 2020

Proton beam therapy uses high-energy protons to destroy cancer cells which are still uncertain about where in the body they hit. A possible way to answer this question is to detect the gamma rays produced during the irradiation and determine where in the body they are produced. This work investigates the use of collimators to determine where the proton interactions occur. GEANT4 is used to simulate the gamma production of a source interacting with a collimator. Each event simulates a number of gammas obtained as a function of the position along the detector. Repeating for different collimator configurations can thus help determine the best characteristics of a detector device.
ACUMULACIÓN DE CAPITAL Y “CRISIS DEL ESTADO DE BIENESTAR”. ELEMENTOS PARA LA COMPRENSIÓN DE SU DESARROLLO DURANTE EL SIGLO XX
Authors: Fallas Jiménez Yessenia
Published: March 2020

En el presente artículo se exponen alguna líneas generales para pensar la relación entre la crisis estructural del capital que viene desarrollándose desde finales de la década de 1970 y la crisis del llamado Estado de Bienestar. El artículo centra su atención en el análisis de las determinaciones históricas propias del origen de la relación entre ambos elementos para entender su desarrollo contradictorio hasta el presente.
SECULARIZACIÓN INTERMINABLE Y GANANCIA INCITATIVA EN UN ENCUENTRO ENTRE RELIGIÓN Y POLÍTICA
Authors: Tapia Balladares Javier
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se discuten las condiciones psicosociales y psicoreligiosas que han permitido la irrupción de un grupo político en la vida social y política costarricense a partir del año 2018. Esto se hace sin dejar de examinar los escenarios psicosociales que se abren a partir de la irrupción de un grupo político inusual, hasta ahora, en la sociedad costarricense. Se hace una lectura analítica e interpretativa tratando de añadir argumentos a favor de la hipótesis de la desigualdad. Para discutir dicha hipótesis se siguen las ideas de reconocimiento de los movimientos religiosos libres, la inclusión del otro y la articulación subjetiva y socioafectiva que puede ser promovida por una democracia incitativa. La incitación se opondría a la autocomplacencia institucional que ignora a los grupos más desfavorecidos por la desigualdad.
LAS HUELGAS DE JULIO DE 1918 POR LA JORNADA LABORAL DE OCHO HORAS
Authors: Rojas Sandoval Francisco Javier
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es describir y analizar las huelgas que protagonizaron los oficiantes de la madera en la ciudad de San José en el mes de julio del año 1918, en las cuales se destacó la demanda por el establecimiento de la jornada laboral de ocho horas. Se utilizó la metodología propuesta por Eric Hobsbawn y George Rudé para analizar las características de los movimientos sociales, las cuales se han adaptado para realizar una especie de “anatomía” de las huelgas, utilizando las siguientes variables: 1) distribución espacial y temporal de la huelga, 2) agenda del conflicto, 3) composición social del movimiento, 4) métodos de organización y patrón de liderazgo, 5) actitud de los patronos y un balance del movimiento social. Las huelgas de julio de 1918 constituyen el primer movimiento social en la historia de Costa Rica en donde se luchó por la jornada laboral de 8 horas. A pesar de no alcanzar esta demanda en su momento, se logra colocar por primera vez en la palestra del conflicto social y de la agenda social la jornada laboral de ocho horas como un derecho de los trabajadores.
SEGUNDAS JORNADAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Martínez Herrera Manue
Published: March 2020

La presente publicación es una muestra significativa del acervo y el quehacer académico de Facultad, del conjunto de experiencias acumuladas a lo largo de décadas de docencia, investigación y acción social, de las preocupaciones y demandas históricas y coyunturales que como sociedad acometemos; así como de los nuevos emprendimientos teóricos y metodológicos que sin lugar a dudas desafían nuestros campos disciplinarios. Es una posibilidad de indagar en el vasto campo de las ciencias sociales, como una manera de entender los propios límites y visualizar las oportunidades de desarrollo que brinda el trabajo multidisciplinario y multiparadigmático.
Clinical pathology clerkships contribute greatly to pathology education and residents recruitment: a randomized and prospective study from China
Authors: Gan Siyuan , Li Rujia , Ha Yanping , Zou Zhenning , Ye Ruifang , Jie Wei , Di Xiaoqing , Hu Wenhua , Sun Yanqin
Published: March 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. BackgroundThe traditional teaching mode (lecture-based learning and experiment course) of pathology lacks adequate specimens with typical pathological changes and exposure to clinical pathology. This deficiency has greatly dampened students' interest in learning pathology and weakened the effect of teaching pathology. Even worse, it impedes the recruitment of pathology resident. ObjectiveWe prospectively compared the impact of three teaching modes (experiment course, clinical pathology clerkship course, clinical pathology clerkship course and experiment course) on academic results and student perceptions to assess the role of clinical pathology clerkships in pathology education.DesignOne hundred eighty students were randomly allocated into the experiment course (EC), clinical pathology clerkship course (CPCC) group, or CPCC and EC group. Academic results were assessed through a review of written examinations, pathological specimen observation tests, and student performance scores. Two questionnaires were used to evaluate student perceptions. ResultsCompared to the EC group, all CPCC participants exhibited superior performance in written examinations, pathological specimen observation tests, and overall performance (P< 0.05 or < 0.01). However, the dual CPCC and EC group had better results than the CPCC group (P< 0.05 or < 0.01). Compared to EC, CPCC was more effective in developing students' interest in learning pathology and their ability to observe specimens, as well as facilitating students' initiative to choose pathology as a career choice (P< 0.05 or < 0.01). ConclusionsCPCCs are helpful in improving students' pathology learning. However, the teaching mode (CPCC and EC combined) provides greater benefits for students' pathology learning. CPCC may contribute to improving pathology resident recruitment.
MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS OF ADOLESCENTS AND THE NURSING CARES: INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Teixeira Liane Araújo , Freitas Rodrigo Jácob Moreira de , Moura Natana Abreu de , Monteiro Ana Ruth Macêdo
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to systematize the knowledge produced about nursing performance in the face of adolescents' mental health needs. Method: integrative literature review, submitting the problem: what are the mental health needs of adolescents and the nursing care provided? Data collection was performed in the PubMed databases; CINAHL; SciELO; ScienceDirect; LILACS, in the month of April 2018. Were included 30 articles available in Portuguese, English or Spanish with full access and free of charge. The findings were grouped into thematic categories with review/synthesis of knowledge. Results: the sample consisted of articles predominantly in English and published between 1999 and 2018. The main mental health needs of adolescents are related to depression, anxiety, stress, drug use and dependence, eating disorders, among others. Nursing cares include health education, groups, cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal relationships, and activities that involve adolescents, their families, peers and the school environment. It was evidenced that nurses work with different approaches and intervene through the nursing process and physical activity practices, among other tools that are accessible to them. Conclusion: this review allows professionals to formulate new actions that are based on the adolescent's real mental health needs, which are neglected, because they do not attend so much the health services. The need for studies with higher level of scientific evidence is mentioned.
Mapa da Empatia em Saúde: Elaboração de um Instrumento para o Desenvolvimento da Empatia
Authors: Peixoto José Maria , Moura Eliane Perlatto
Published: March 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Empathy is a multidimensional construct that requires the ability to perceive and understand the others’ perspectives, as well as feel their emotional state. It is an intellectual skill to be learned and represents one of the domains of emotional intelligence. The aim of this study was to create an instrument for the teaching and practice of empathy skills in medical education scenarios, called the “Health Empathy Map” (HEM). Method: This is a qualitative and descriptive study, aimed at developing the Health Empathy Map. The study had 3 phases: (1) Adaptation of the empathy map for medical education scenarios (2) Adequacy of the instrument content performed by teachers from the Outpatient Clinic of José do Rosário Vellano University, during teacher training (3) Assessment of content and feasibility of the instrument, first performed using the focal group technique and then by third-year medical students during outpatient clinic practice and in the tutorial group. Results: The adequacy of the instrument for medical education teaching scenarios was based on conceptual aspects of empathy: perspective-taking, emotional sharing and empathetic concern, as well as suggestions from the outpatient clinic teachers, focal group participants and medical students. All suggestions were debated and accepted, after a consensus that indicated advances and improvements of the instrument, in order to allow its use by students in health learning scenarios. Conclusion: The final version of the HEM was considered by participants of different phases of the study, as an educational instrument with great instructional potential, in terms of stimulating the development of empathy, with a broad use in medical education scenarios.
Health Empathy Map: Creation of an Instrument for Empathy Development
Authors: Peixoto José Maria , Moura Eliane Perlatto
Published: March 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Empathy is a multidimensional construct that requires the ability to perceive and understand the others’ perspectives, as well as feel their emotional state. It is an intellectual skill to be learned and represents one of the domains of emotional intelligence. The aim of this study was to create an instrument for the teaching and practice of empathy skills in medical education scenarios, called the “Health Empathy Map” (HEM). Method: This is a qualitative and descriptive study, aimed at developing the Health Empathy Map. The study had 3 phases: (1) Adaptation of the empathy map for medical education scenarios (2) Adequacy of the instrument content performed by teachers from the Outpatient Clinic of José do Rosário Vellano University, during teacher training (3) Assessment of content and feasibility of the instrument, first performed using the focal group technique and then by third-year medical students during outpatient clinic practice and in the tutorial group. Results: The adequacy of the instrument for medical education teaching scenarios was based on conceptual aspects of empathy: perspective-taking, emotional sharing and empathetic concern, as well as suggestions from the outpatient clinic teachers, focal group participants and medical students. All suggestions were debated and accepted, after a consensus that indicated advances and improvements of the instrument, in order to allow its use by students in health learning scenarios. Conclusion: The final version of the HEM was considered by participants of different phases of the study, as an educational instrument with great instructional potential, in terms of stimulating the development of empathy, with a broad use in medical education scenarios.
Antibiótico e Arte: uma Proposta Inovadora em Educação Médica
Authors: Távora Lara Gurgel Fernandes , Amorim Laila Maria Teixeira , Araújo Ranna Jorge de , Baracho Monya Garcia , Libório Mariana Pitombeira
Published: March 2020

Resumo: Introdução: Com o intuito de estimular o exercício do pensamento crítico e da criatividade e considerando a complexidade vinculada ao aprendizado de antibióticos, criou-se o Teste de Sensibilidade artística aos Antimicrobianos (TSaA). Trata-se de uma atividade inovadora no ensino de antimicrobianos que avalia conhecimento e raciocínio clínico por meio de apresentações envolvendo a arte. Desde o segundo semestre de 2014, o TSaA mostrou-se uma prática integrativa no ensino de antimicrobianos para estudantes de Medicina do quinto semestre da Universidade de Fortaleza (Unifor). O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o TSaA como metodologia de ensino/aprendizagem sobre antimicrobianos e a satisfação dos alunos com essa atividade. M étodos: Os alunos do quinto semestre do curso de Medicina foram divididos em oito grupos de 12 alunos. Os alunos receberam o desafio de utilizar a arte como ferramenta de comunicação para mostrar os seus conhecimentos sobre antimicrobianos. Cada grupo ficou responsável por apresentar conteúdos relacionados a uma classe de antimicrobiano previamente sorteada. A apresentação da atividade foi avaliada por dois docentes simultaneamente que utilizaram um instrumento específico para esse fim. Ao término do TSaA, os alunos foram convidados a responder a um questionário que abordava questões sobre a sua percepção acerca da atividade, os benefícios no contexto da aprendizagem e as dificuldades identificadas. As perguntas eram tanto objetivas quanto abertas. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 92 estudantes. A metodologia adotada para a atividade foi considerada adequada para 82% dos participantes. As formas de apresentação mais utilizadas foram encenação e música. A maioria dos participantes percebeu o TSaA como uma estratégia valiosa de facilitação de aprendizagem sobre antimicrobianos. A associação do estudo do antibiótico com a arte foi considerada uma forma divertida de aprendizagem do tema, que os levou a trabalhar de forma integrada. Na opinião dos alunos, houve realmente uma maior fixação de conteúdo com essa atividade. Conclusão: O TSaA facilitou a aprendizagem sobre antimicrobianos e estimulou a criatividade e o raciocínio crítico/lógico nos estudantes de Medicina do quinto semestre.
Teste de Progresso na Escola Médica: uma Revisão Sistemática acerca da Literatura
Authors: Reberti Ademir Garcia , Monfredini Nayme Hechem , Ferreira Filho Olavo Franco , Andrade Dalton Francisco de , Pinheiro Carlos Eduardo Andrade , Silva Jean Carl
Published: March 2020

Abstract: Progress Test is an objective assessment, consisting of 60 to 150 multiple-choice questions, designed to promote an assessment of the cognitive skills expected at the end of undergraduate school. This test is applied to all students on the same day, so that it is possible to compare the results between grades and analyze the development of knowledge performance throughout the course. This study aimed to carry out a systematic and literary review about Progress Test in medical schools in Brazil and around the world, understanding the benefits of its implementation for the development of learning for the student, the teacher and the institution. The study was carried out from July 2018 to April 2019, which addressed articles published from January 2002 to March 2019. The keywords used were: “Progress Test in Medical Schools” and “Item Response Theory in Medicine” in the PubMed, Scielo, and Lilacs platforms. There was no language limitation in article selection, but the research was carried out in English. A total of 192,026 articles were identified, and after applying advanced search filters, 11 articles were included in the study. The Progress Test (PTMed) has been applied in medical schools, either alone or in groups of partner schools, since the late 1990s. The test results build the students’ performance curves, which allow us to identify weaknesses and strengths of the students in the several areas of knowledge related to the course. The Progress Test is not an exclusive instrument for assessing student performance, but it is also important as an assessment tool for academic management use and thus, it is crucial that institutions take an active role in the preparation and analysis of this assessment data. Assessments designed to test clinical competence in medical students need to be valid and reliable. For the evaluative method to be valid it is necessary that the subject be extensively reviewed and studied, aiming at improvements and adjustments in test performance.
Progress Test in Medical School: a Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Reberti Ademir Garcia , Monfredini Nayme Hechem , Ferreira Filho Olavo Franco , Andrade Dalton Francisco de , Pinheiro Carlos Eduardo Andrade , Silva Jean Carl
Published: March 2020

Abstract: Progress Test is an objective assessment, consisting of 60 to 150 multiple-choice questions, designed to promote an assessment of the cognitive skills expected at the end of undergraduate school. This test is applied to all students on the same day, so that it is possible to compare the results between grades and analyze the development of knowledge performance throughout the course. This study aimed to carry out a systematic and literary review about Progress Test in medical schools in Brazil and around the world, understanding the benefits of its implementation for the development of learning for the student, the teacher and the institution. The study was carried out from July 2018 to April 2019, which addressed articles published from January 2002 to March 2019. The keywords used were: “Progress Test in Medical Schools” and “Item Response Theory in Medicine” in the PubMed, Scielo, and Lilacs platforms. There was no language limitation in article selection, but the research was carried out in English. A total of 192,026 articles were identified, and after applying advanced search filters, 11 articles were included in the study. The Progress Test (PTMed) has been applied in medical schools, either alone or in groups of partner schools, since the late 1990s. The test results build the students’ performance curves, which allow us to identify weaknesses and strengths of the students in the several areas of knowledge related to the course. The Progress Test is not an exclusive instrument for assessing student performance, but it is also important as an assessment tool for academic management use and thus, it is crucial that institutions take an active role in the preparation and analysis of this assessment data. Assessments designed to test clinical competence in medical students need to be valid and reliable. For the evaluative method to be valid it is necessary that the subject be extensively reviewed and studied, aiming at improvements and adjustments in test performance.
Lyophilized and microencapsulated extracts of grape pomace from winemaking industry to prevent lipid oxidation in chicken pâté
Authors: Carpes Solange Teresinha , Pereira Daiane , Moura Cristiane de , Reis Amália Soares dos , Silva Leticia Dangui da , Oldoni Tatiane Luiza Cadorin , Almeida Jacqueline Florio , Plata-Oviedo Manuel Vicente Salvador
Published: March 2020

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize spray-dried and lyophilized powders made from winery by-products and to evaluate their effect on the oxidative stability of chicken pâté. Phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and microencapsulation efficiency were evaluated in the extracts. Two pâté formulations containing grape pomace lyophilized (GPWL) and grape pomace microencapsulated (GPWM) were produced. In addition, a sodium erythorbate and a control batch were used to compare the effects. The pâtés were evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay during refrigerated storage (4 °C/42 days). Although the microencapsulation efficiency was 90.03%, the GPWL was statistically more effective in the lipid oxidation inhibition in chicken pâté than GPWM. However, the addition of both natural antioxidants in chicken pâté resulted in lower TBARS values than pâté treated with synthetic antioxidant due to the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid and trans-resveratrol with high antioxidant activity. Thus, the bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity detected in the GPWL and GPWM opened possibilities for use as a potential ingredient in chicken pâté and other meat products.
Outcomes after mandibular third molar coronectomy
Authors: MOURA Lucas Borin , VELASQUES Bibiana Dalsasso , BARCELLOS Bhárbara Marinho , DAMIAN Melissa Feres , XAVIER Cristina Braga
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Coronectomy is an alternative technique to mandibular third molar removal to avoid inferior alveolar nerve impairment. It is indicated in cases where the dental roots are in close relationship with the nerve which results in a higher risk of damage and paresthesia. The coronectomy technique is considered a safe method to prevent inferior alveolar nerve injury, however it shows particular postoperative outcomes as migration and exposure of the retained roots, and possibility of additional intervention. The aim of this case series is to describe four different outcomes from coronectomy, in patients treated by the same protocol. The outcomes ranged from asymptomatic to migration, infection and root removal. Although the variety of outcomes, none of the patients showed inferior alveolar nerve impairment. Therefore, the main objective of coronectomy was reached.
CONSUMERS’ KNOWLEDGE, MAXIMIZING TENDENCIES, AND POST-DECISION INFORMATION SEARCH
Authors: FERREIRA MAURA , SANTOS CRISTIANE PIZZUTTI DOS
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Nowadays consumers have more previous knowledge about products and services before making decisions. This study sheds light on the effects of consumers’ previous knowledge on post-decision information search. Previous studies argue that cognitive dissonance and feelings of regret or dissatisfaction elicit this search. However, we show through one experimental and two correlational studies that this view is incomplete. Our findings indicate that knowledgeable consumers search for more information at the post-decision stage, even when the decision cannot be modified. This main effect is stronger (weaker) for maximizers (satisficers). Also, cognitive dissonance affects the post-decision information search behavior. Therefore, we suggest a new variable, consumers’ previous knowledge, for consideration in the post-decision information search model.
My role and responsibility: mothers’ perspectives on overload in caring for children with cancer*
Authors: Vieira Aretuza Cruz , Cunha Mariana Lucas Da Rocha
Published: March 2020

Abstract Objective: To understand the experience of maternal overload in caring for children with cancer from the mother’s perspective. Method: Symbolic Interactionism was adopted as a theoretical framework and the Grounded Theory as methodological framework. The study was conducted in a public hospital, which is reference in pediatric oncology. Data was collected from six mothers through semi-structured interviews in the second semester of 2017. Results: Mothers of children with cancer attributed meaning to the care experience when trying to cope with the emotional, social, physical, financial, family-related, information and moral overload. Maternal overload arises as a dynamic inter-relation process between the many types of overload. Conclusion: The maternal figure is the main person involved in care and experiences overload in caring for their sick child, facing limitations and responsibilities. The research acted as a key element to broaden the analysis and intervention of the family nurse, not only contributing to the theoretical construct related to maternal overload, but also and mainly to the scope of practice in patient care.
“My Research Is Their Business, but I'm Not Their Business”: Patient and Clinician Perspectives on Commercialization of Precision Oncology Data
Authors: Spector-Bagdady Kayte , Krenz Chris D. , Brummel Collin , Brenner J. Chad , Bradford Carol R. , Shuman Andrew G.
Published: March 2020

Background

Genetic sequencing and precision oncology have supported clinical breakthroughs but depend upon access to vast arrays of research specimens and data. One way for academic medical centers to fund such infrastructure and research is “commercialization” of access to specimens and data to industry. Here we explore patient and clinician perspectives regarding cancer specimen and data commercialization with the goal of improving such processes in the future.

Materials and Methods

This qualitative analysis was embedded within a prospective precision oncology sequencing study of adults with head and neck cancer. Via semistructured dyadic interviews with patients with cancer and their doctors, we assessed understanding and concerns regarding potential commercialization, opinions regarding investment of profits, and perspectives regarding the return of information directly to participants from industry.

Results

Several patient- and clinician-participants did not understand that the consent form already permitted commercialization of patient genetic data and expressed concerns regarding who would profit from the data, how profits would be used, and privacy and access. Patients were generally more comfortable with commercialization than clinicians. Many patients and clinicians were comfortable with investing profits back into research, but clinicians were more interested in investment in head and neck cancer research specifically. Patients generally supported potential return-of-results from a private entity, but their clinicians were more skeptical.

Conclusion

Our results illustrate the limitations of mandatory disclosures in the informed consent process. The voices of both patients and their doctors are critical to mitigate violations of privacy and a degradation of trust as stakeholders negotiate the terms of academic and commercial engagement.

Implications for Practice

Further education is needed regarding how and why specimens and data in precision oncology research may be commercialized for both patients and providers alike. This process will require increased transparency, comprehension, and engagement of involved stakeholders.
Paradox of Plenty in Terms of Irkutsk Oblast
Authors: Bisikalo Elena , Kolesnik Yulia
Published: March 2020

The article considers a problem of a possible negative impact of the accelerated growth of oil and gas extraction on the socio-economic situation of the resource-producing region. The negative effects are based on the well-known concepts of the resource curse, the Dutch disease and the rentier state which are combined by the term «paradox of plenty». It offers to use models of rent-oriented behavior and patronage in order to analyze the incentives of economic agents. In terms of the shifts in the structure of gross regional product and employment by types at the regional level. It substantiates the significance of monitoring the arising spatial and sectoral distortions when forming the regional strategy of a long-term economic growth. The possibilities of overcoming negative effects are associated with the need of performing a structural industrial policy within the frames of smart specialization and providing incentives for businesses in the traded sector of the regional economy.
Governmental Support of Implementing Land Reclamation Activities in the Russian Federation
Authors: Chekunov Andrey
Published: March 2020

The problem of encouraging land reclamation activities is topical for present-day development of national agriculture. Land reclamation is a prerequisite for the growth of agricultural production, as it provides crop yields. At the same time, the existing situation of land reclamation in the Russian Federation does not allow to fully use its achievements for the long-term development of the industry. High wear and tear of equipment and its low manufacturability, costly work and a lack of qualified personnel impede the increase the efficiency of agricultural production. The existing economic situation of Russian agricultural enterprises does not allow them to carry out land-reclamation activities on their own in the necessary volumes. In this regard, the government state has provided a mechanism of financial incentives for carrying out relevant activities. The article is devoted to the governmental support of land reclamation in the Russian Federation, its problems and prospects. It analyzes the implementation of governmental state support for land reclamation work and its main results. It offers measures for correcting the governmental support for implementing reclamation works in order to preserve soil fertility and to ensure the effectiveness of agricultural production.
On a New Approach to Formation of a Strategy of Developing Small Businesses
Authors: Turenko Boris , Turenko Tatyana
Published: March 2020

An enterprise operating in terms of market economy must always set itself the task of further development and improvement in order to be successful and competitive. To solve this problem, it is necessary to produce a development strategy. This problem is all the more relevant for small enterprises, which find it more difficult than large enterprises to survive in the competition. Therefore, small businesses face the task of developing and implementing such a strategy for their development, which allows them to clearly define their goals and outline the ways to achieve them. The article considers various points of view on the concept of «strategy», the classification of strategies that exist in the scientific literature, including those applied to small businesses, brings forth the authors' point of view on this concept. It pays a particular attention to the proposed approach to the process of strategy formation and the mechanism of its implementation in relation to small businesses. It makes a conclusion that on the basis of the systematic approach the strategy under development should be comprehensive and include such elements as marketing, product, production, personnel, management, financial strategy and risk strategies. It brings forth a description of the content of each element. It examines an algorithm for developing an integrated strategy for development of small businesses, as well as a mechanism for implementing the strategy.
Extraction of Total Soluble Lipid from Ground Coral Samples v1
Authors: Mclachlan Rowan , Munoz-Garcia Agus , G Grottoli Andrea
Published: March 2020

This method is adapted and updated from methods originally published in Grottoli et al. (2004) and is based on the original methods of Folch & Stanley (1957), and Bligh & Dyer (1959). There are five parts to extracting lipids from ground corals: 1) grind and sub-sample the coral and store at -80 °C until ready to extract, 2) freeze-dry the sample, 3) extract the lipids from the freeze-dried samples, 4) standardize the lipid concentration to ash-free dry weight (AFDW), and 5) resuspend the extracted lipid for long-term storage and possible later analysis of lipid classes or isotopes. The lipid extraction procedure must be conducted in a fume hood with the sash as low as possible with the researcher wearing protective eyewear, gloves, and lab coat at all times. Important considerations regarding lipid analysis were gained from reading Chapter 1.3 “Lipid extraction, storage, and sample handling” from the textbook Lipid Analysis by Christie (2003). This method was originally developed by Andréa Grottoli and refined by Rowan McLachlan (06-11-18) with the guidance of Dr. Agus Muñoz-Garcia at The Ohio State University. This protocol was written by Rowan McLachlan (03-12-2020). References Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J. (1959). Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37(8), 911–917. Christie, W. W. (2003). Lipid Analysis: Vol. 15, Isolation, Separation, Identification and Structural Analysis of Lipids. Current Opinion Biotechnology (3rd ed., Vol. 4). Oily Press Ltd, UK. Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226, 497-509. Grottoli A. G., Rodrigues L. J., & Juarez C. (2004). Lipids and stable carbon isotopes in two species of Hawaiian corals, Porites compressa and Montipora verrucosa, following a bleaching event. Marine Biology, 145: 621–631.
A transcriptome-based approach to identify functional modules within and across primary human immune cells. v1
Authors: Mola Saraï , Foisy Sylvain , Boucher Gabrielle , Major François , Beauchamp Claudine , Karaky Mohamad , Goyette Philippe , Lesage Sylvie , David Rioux. John
Published: March 2020

Genome-wide transcriptomic analyses have provided valuable insight into fundamental biology and disease pathophysiology. Many studies have taken advantage of the correlation in the expression patterns of the transcriptome to infer potential biologic function of uncharacterized genes and multiple groups have examined the relationship between co-expression, co-regulation, and gene function on a broader scale. Given the unique characteristics of immune cells circulating in blood, we were interested in determining whether it was possible to identify functional co-expression modules in human immune cells. Specifically, we sequenced the transcriptome of nine immune cell types from peripheral blood cells of healthy donors and, using a combination of global and targeted analyses of genes within co-expression modules, we were able to determine functions for these modules that were cell lineage specific or shared among multiple cell lineages. In addition, our analyses identified transcription factors likely important for immune cell lineage commitment and/or maintenance.
Funktional sichere Kommunikation mit OPC UA Part 15: Safety
Authors: Walter Max , Barthel Herbert
Published: March 2020

Das gemeinsam von Profibus & Profinet International und der OPC Foundation verfasste Dokument OPC UA Safety spezifiziert den funktional sicheren Austausch von Daten zwischen Industriesteuerungen über eine standardisierte, herstellerübergreifende Schnittstelle. Unterstützt wird unicast und multicast bei beliebig strukturierten Nutzdaten mit bis zu 1.500 Bytes Länge. Die Sicherheitsmechanismen sind an PROFIsafe angelehnt und erfüllen die Anforderungen der einschlägigen Safety-Normen. OPC UA Safety erlaubt den Aufbau von modularen Maschinen, bei denen sich die Sicherheitsfunktionen an die konkrete Variante derMaschine anpassen. Selbst Sicherheitsfunktionen, bei denen sich die Kommunikationspartner zur Laufzeit ändern, z. B. im Zusammenhang mit mobilen autonomen Robotern, lassen sich realisieren.
«Электронное государство» как междисциплинарная научная область: наукометрический анализ
Authors: Чугунов Андрей Владимирович , Кабанов Юрий Андреевич
Published: March 2020

Объектом представляемого в настоящей статье исследования является междисциплинарная научная область, условно обозначенная как «Электронное государство». Решаются две задачи - оценка концептуальной целостности данного предметного поля и изучение взаимосвязи между основными исследовательскими контекстами, особенно в связи с появлением новых междисциплинарных научных направлений, таких как электронное участие. Для решения этих задач применен наукометрический подход и автоматизированный анализ публикаций как на английском (база данных Web of Science ), так и на русском языках (РИНЦ - eLibrary . ru ). Для кластеризации и визуализации данных использовалось программное обеспечение VOS v iewer , позволяющее обеспечить визуализацию больших наборов библиометрических данных методом построения библиометрических карт. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что глобальная повестка представляет собой согласованную область, хотя важна дальнейшая интеграция между исследовательскими контекстами. В то же время, российские исследования отстают из-за низкого уровня взаимодействия с международными научными школами и отсутствия внутренних стимулов и исследовательских проектов для генерации знаний.
Права и свободы человека в контексте процесса цифровизации. Анализ негативных политических эффектов, возникающих при реализации проектов «умных городов»
Authors: Томин Леонид Владимирович , Балаян Александр Александрович
Published: March 2020

Статья посвящена анализу основных подходов к цифровизации и реализации проектов «умных городов» в контексте трансформации политико-административного режима управления демократических политических систем. Рассматривая особенности неолиберального подхода к управлению, авторы раскрывают специфику теоретической концептуализации и реализации на практики платформенной экономикой в контексте последствий для государства, крупного бизнеса и общества. На конкретных примерах исследуются причины, особенности формирования и внедрения проектов «умных городов», а также общественная реакция на подобные действия со стороны власти и общества в демократических политических системах.
Цифровая экономика и показатели качества
Authors: Александров Олег Владимирович
Published: March 2020

Реализация новых международных инициатив по выработке современных инструментов статистического измерения устойчивого развития общества приводит к необходимости развития методологии и информационных источников для формирования показателей качества жизни населения. В данной статье автор анализирует состав показателей целей устойчивого развития ООН, действующие источники и методологию сбора данных и предлагает использовать данные обследований в социальных сетях, данные действующих реестров и регистров, а также альтернативные источники данных о ценах товаров, включаемых в потребительскую корзину, для измерения ряда показателей целей устойчивого развития ООН по России.
Выявление коррупционных факторов в нормативных актах методами крауд-интеллекта
Authors: Рахвалова Дарья Олеговна , Курчеева Галина Ивановна , Рахвалова Марина Николаевна
Published: March 2020

В статье рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с возможностью автоматизации методики выявления коррупциогенных факторов в текстах нормативно-правовых актов и их проектов. Проведён анализ частоты выявления различных коррупциогенных факторов, предложены подходы к оценке риска присутствия таких факторов в юридическом документе. При этом частота сегментирована по идентифицированным формальным параметрам нормативно-правовых актов: год принятия, сфера правового регулирования, уровень акта. Анализ юридических документов проводился с применением подхода «крауд-интеллекта» – выполнения относительно элементарных задач по аннотированию данных для машинного обучения людьми, не являющимися экспертами в предметной области. Полученные результаты позволяют предположить дальнейшую возможность повышения эффективности антикоррупционной экспертизы на основе методов «слабого» искусственного интеллекта, т.е. поддержки принятия решений юристами-экспертами
Интернет-практики пожилых: 10 лет развития и изучения
Authors: Григорьева Ирина Андреевна , Петухова Ирина Сергеевна
Published: March 2020

В статье представлено описание результатов исследований использования пожилыми современных информационно-коммуникативных технологий (ИКТ) и их влияние на социальное включение старшего поколения. Серия наших исследований (интернет-исследования, вторичный анализ данных, телефонный опрос 500 жителей Санкт-Петербурга в 2017 году, многочисленные интервью и фокус-группы, проведенные в период 2008-2018 гг.) была направлена на изучение возможностей социального включения пожилых с помощью ИКТ, а также на использование ИКТ в оздоровлении, досуге, создании сообществ. Мы рассматривали использование ИКТ с разных сторон: как драйвер социального включения пожилых, ключ к получению новой занятости, но, как оказалось, использование ИКТ пожилыми стало престижной потребительской, досуговой, практикой. Основой социального включения остается занятость пожилых, как трудовая, так и общественная. Но занятость нуждается в имиджевой поддержке, не как вынужденная, а, наоборот, сохраняющая социальную включенность и интерес к жизни. В статье представлено описание результатов исследований использования пожилыми современных информационно-коммуникативных технологий (ИКТ) и их влияние на социальное включение старшего поколения. Серия наших исследований (интернет-исследования, вторичный анализ данных, телефонный опрос 500 жителей Санкт-Петербурга в 2017 году, многочисленные интервью и фокус-группы, проведенные в период 2008-2018 гг.) была направлена на изучение возможностей социального включения пожилых с помощью ИКТ, а также на использование ИКТ в оздоровлении, досуге, создании сообществ.
O ICMS ECOLÓGICO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL: O CASO DO ESTADO DO PARÁ ## THE ECOLOGICAL ICMS – TAX ON CIRCULATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES – AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TOOL: THE PARÁ STATE STUDY-CASE
Authors: Flores Maria do Socorro Almeida , Santos Thaís Silva Bispo dos
Published: March 2020

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o ICMS Ecológico, cujo propósito é recompensar financeiramente os municípios com unidades de conservação em seus territórios e que ficam impedidos de destinar áreas para atividades que necessitam do uso alternativo do solo, como agricultura e pecuária, conforme o disposto no Código Florestal brasileiro. O ICMS Ecológico é uma medida de gestão pública, orientada pelo princípio ambiental protetor-recebedor, que busca incentivar a adoção de preservação e conservação florestal, aliadas a ações sustentáveis por parte dos gestores públicos municipais. Nesse contexto busca-se responder: em que medida a política ICMS Verde no Pará busca incentivar, fortalecer e consolidar a prática da gestão ambiental nos municípios paraenses? A metodologia é baseada em abordagem qualitativa, de caráter analítico e exploratório. Aplicam-se as técnicas das pesquisas bibliográfica e documental para levantamento de materiais teórico-conceituais e normativos. Dentre os resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que apesar de precisar de melhorias e ajustes, o propósito final do novo mecanismo de repasse tem sido alcançado, uma vez que compensa os municípios pela proporção de áreas protegidas existentes nos limites de seus territórios, pela área registrada no Cadastro Ambiental Rural, assim como pela área de cobertura florestal remanescente e o cumprimento de metas de redução do desmatamento proporcionando o fortalecimento da gestão ambiental municipal e beneficiando a natureza por meio da manutenção, conservação, implementação e criação de novas áreas protegidas, valorizando os recursos florestais e desenvolvimento da gestão ambiental.
A CADEIA PRODUTIVA DO AÇAÍ: ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE TIPOS DE MANEJO E CUSTOS DE PRODUÇÃO EM PROJETOS DE ASSENTAMENTOS AGROEXTRATIVISTAS EM ABAETETUBA, PARÁ ## THE AÇAÍ PRODUCTION CHAIN: CASE STUDY ON MANAGEMENT TYPES AND PRODUCTION COSTS IN AGROEXTRACTIVE SETTLEMENT PROJECTS IN ABAETETUBA, PARÁ
Authors: Tagore Márcia de Pádua Bastos , Monteiro Marcilio De Abreu , Do Canto Otávio
Published: March 2020

O açaizeiro é uma palmeira nativa da Amazônia, de onde é extraída a polpa com alto valor nutritivo, denominada no estado do Pará (região norte do Brasil) de Açaí. O açaí é um dos produtos de maior importância na economia e na dieta alimentar dos paraenses, em especial das famílias que vivem às margens das várzeas, sendo a principal fonte de renda da maioria dos ribeirinhos da região paraense. A crescente demanda pelo produto, por novos mercados em nível nacional e mundial, implicou em aumento de áreas de plantio e alterações no manejo de açaizais tradicionalmente extrativistas, ocasionando mudanças no contexto social, econômico e ambiental. O presente trabalho da pesquisa apresenta resultados do estudo de caso nas várzeas do município de Abaetetuba, considerado um dos maiores produtores do Estado do Pará. A pesquisa de campo evidenciou as relações da cadeia produtiva do açaí no município e demonstrou diferentes tipos de manejo de produção atualmente utilizados em projetos de assentamento agroextrativista, bem como levantou os custos e renda de produção de unidades selecionadas. A pesquisa apontou que as ações e o manejo do açaí em áreas de várzea precisam deixar de focar no crescimento de produção para buscar investir em intervenções de manejo de baixo impacto evitando as problemáticas advindas do adensamento da espécie e a homogeneização da paisagem, com foco na conservação do ecossistema, pois o contrário não se justifica, sequer pela análise econômica. O sistema creditício deve focar também, na promoção da verticalização da cadeia produtiva.
Adilcevaz Bölgesinde Rüzgar Enerji Potansiyelinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇELİKDEMİR Soner , ÖZDEMİR Mahmut Temel
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada, Adilcevaz bölgesinin rüzgar enerji potansiyeli
incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, bölgenin 2018 yılına ait 10 m yükseklikte ölçülen
saatlik rüzgar hız verileri kullanılmıştır. 100 m yükseklik için rüzgar hız değerleri
Hellmann Bağıntısı kullanılarak bulunmuştur. Günümüz dünyasında artan enerji
ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmek ve enerjide dışa olan bağımlılığı azaltabilmek
büyük bir önem arz etmektedir. Enerji kaynakları arasında ise yenilenebilir
enerji kaynakları büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Rüzgar enerji potansiyeli iki
parametreli Weibull Dağılım Fonksiyonunun Grafik Yöntemi kullanılarak 10 m ve 100
m yükseklik değerleri için hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca etkin rüzgar yönü
verilerek elde edilen değerlerin hata oranları, rüzgar enerji güç yoğunlukları
ve kapasite faktör değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan enerji potansiyelleri
dikkate alındığı zaman bölgenin rüzgar enerji santralleri proje yatırımlarına
uygun olduğu görülmüştür. Böylece, genel olarak Adilcevaz bölgesinin rüzgar
enerji potansiyelinin belirlenmesi amacıyla bir ön çalışma yapılmıştır.