bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI EFISIENSI PANAS UNIT RAW MILL DI PT SEMEN INDONESIA (PERSERO) TBK TUBAN
Authors: Hidayat Nur Fajar , Hardjono Hardjono , Setiawan Muhammad Ebin
Published: December 2024

PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. merupakan holding BUMN yang bergerak dalam produksi semen serta berperan terhadap pembangunan di Indonesia. Semen merupakan bahan baku penting yang digunkan untuk pembangunan atau konstruksi yang terdiri dari bahan baku tanah liat, batu kapur, serta bahan pendukung seperti pasir silika dan pasir besi. Proses produksi di PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. meliputi proses penyiapan bahan baku (mining dan crusher), penggilingan dan pengeringan bahan baku (raw mill), pemasakan bahan baku di dalam rotary kiln, dan penggilingan terakhir di finish mill, serta pengemasan di packer. Industri semen membutuhkan energi yang besar dalam proses produksinya, sehingga perlu adanya efisiensi energi guna menakan biaya produksi. Unit raw mill merupakan salah satu peralatan proses yang melibatkan panas cukup tinggi, dimana selama ini belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efisiensi panas pada unit raw mill tersebut. Penelitian juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah panas yang hilang. Perhitungan efisiensi terdiri dari beberapa tahapan yang meliputi tahapan studi literatur, pengumpulan data, pengolahan data dengan cara menghitung neraca massa dan neraca panas umpan masuk dan produk yang keluar, serta menghitung efisiensi panas dan heat lossnya. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa raw mill mempunyai efisiensi panas sebesar 62,25% dan panas yang hilang sebesar 21,721%.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN NATRIUM METABISULFIT PADA REAKSI BROWNING TERHADAP KUALITAS GUM ROSIN DI PT INHUTANI V TRENGGALEK
Authors: Maiyansari Yanti Noer , Prayitno  , Prasetya Desta Enggar Dwi
Published: December 2024

Gum rosin merupakan hasil proses distilasi dari pengolahan getah pohon pinus PT Inhutani V. Gum rosin digunakan  sebagai perekat, cat pelitur, dan tinta cetak. Parameter utama kualitas gum rosin ialah warna, dimana warna memiliki grade diantaranya extra white (X), water white (WW), window glass (WG), dan nancy (N). Kualitas gum rosin yang dihasilkan di PT Inhutani V masih berada pada grade window glass (WG) berwarna kuning kecoklatan dengan nilai 7-8 scale gardner, sehingga perlu untuk ditingkatkan kualitasnya untuk meningkatkan harga jual. Reaksi browning merupakan proses pembentukan pigmen berwarna coklat dari yang awalnya berwarna jernih. Natrium metabisulfit merupakan senyawa sulfit yang mampu menghambat terjadinya reaksi browning melalui reaksi pemecahan polimer.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan natrium metabisulfit pada reaksi browning terhadap kualitas gum rosin. Variabel penelitian yang digunakan adalah konsentrasi larutan natrium metabisulfit sebesar 0,3%, 0,6%, dan 0,9% (volume) dengan lama waktu perendaman getah pinus 60 menit. Proses pembuatan gum rosin menggunakan metode distilasi selama 3 jam dengan suhu maksimal 175℃. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi natrium metabisulfit, maka semakin rendah kadar warna sehingga warna gum rosin yang dihasilkan semakin jernih. Konsentrasi larutan natrium metabisulfit yang paling optimal yaitu 0,9%, dimana menghasilkan nilai warna sebesar 4,9 scale gardner; bilangan asam 201,8 KOH/gram; Non Volatile 98,8%; Softening Point 79℃ dan tergolong grade extra white (X). Peningkatan kualitas gum rosin menunjukkan bahwa penambahan natrium metabisulfit mampu menghambat pembentukan warna coklat pada gum rosin.
Web-Based Library Information System at SDN 2 Cerme Kidul
Authors: Marthanugraha Rizki
Published: December 2024

The library transaction process at SDN 2 Cerme Kidul is carried out by utilizing data from this web-based application. Library operations, including membership procedures, borrowing, and returning books, are managed through this application. This website is designed to handle these processes while supporting master data management, assisting library book collection management, facilitating book searches through catalogs, and presenting reports related to book collections. The creation of this website uses the waterfall system development method, which involves data collection through interviews, observations, and literature studies. Analysis is carried out on aspects of users, technology, needs, data, systems, information, performance, and system design using flowcharting diagrams. Website development utilizes the PHP programming language, MySQL database, Apache local server, and Sublime Text editor. For testing, black box testing and beta testing methods are used. This library application provides many benefits, such as helping librarians improve work efficiency, speeding up the process of borrowing and returning books, calculating fines faster, and making it easier for library users to access information related to the library.
IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI MEDIA RELATIONS PT XL AXIATA TBK DALAM MEMBANGUN KEMITRAAN POSITIF DENGAN WARTAWAN
Authors: Monica Carissa
Published: December 2024

Media relations dianggap sebagai suatu hubungan yang perlu dipelihara secara berkelanjutan antara perusahaan XL Axiata dan mitra media. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif untuk membahas berbagai implementasi yang telah dilakukan perusahaan dalam memperkuat hubungan dengan wartawan. PT XL Axiata Tbk diakui pentingnya media relations dalam membangun citra positif dan kemitraan dengan media massa, dan telah melaksanakan berbagai program seperti Media Visit, Media Gathering, dan pertemuan informal untuk memperkuat hubungan dengan wartawan. Hasilnya, perusahaan ini mendapatkan pengakuan positif dan penghargaan atas inisiatif sosial korporat mereka. Media relations memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk persepsi publik, dan PT XL Axiata Tbk telah berhasil memanfaatkan strategi ini untuk membangun citra positif.
Proses Produksi Bidang Teknik TVRI Pusat dalam Memproduksi Program Acara Sholat Jum'at di Istiqlal
Authors: Ishak Cep Tian
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses produksi bidang teknik TVRI Pusat dalam memproduksi tayangan yang bermutu berdasarkan teori Komunikasi Organisasi di dalmnya. Selanjutnya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses produksi bidang teknik TVRI dalam memproduksi tayangan. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun sumber data yang diperoleh dari pegawai TVRI Pusat dengan metode pengumpulan data, yaitu observasi, wawamcara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam memproduksi sebuah program, TVRI menjalankan berbagai proses. Yaitu 1) Pra-Produksi, 2) Produksi, dan 3) Pasca Produksi. Setelah melakukan penelitian di TVRI Pusat menyimpulkan, walaupun penonton TVRI sedikit kalah dengan jumlah penonton televisi swasta lainnya, TVRI tetap melakukan dan membuat program – program dengan cara membuat strategi penayangan dan memperbaharui program – programnya agar minat penonton TVRI kembali.
Construction of geriatric hypoalbuminemia predicting model for hypoalbuminemia patients with and without pneumonia and explainability analysis
Authors: Liu Ziqi , Kang Qi , Mi Zhilong , Yuan Yuan , Sang Tiantian , Guo Binghui , Zheng Zhiming , Yin Ziqiao , Tian Wei
Published: December 2024

Background and objectives

Pneumonia portrays a critical health concern in geriatrics. Geriatric pneumonia can lead to changes on other complications, in which hypoalbuminemia is a common complication. However, few studies have looked at the impact of pneumonia on the course of hypoalbuminemia and predicting. This study aims to predicting hypoalbuminemia in geriatric pneumonia and non-pneumonia patients and exploring the clinical difference between the two groups.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study enrolled 42 pneumonia patients group and 76 non-pneumonia patients group. The indicators difference of different groups were analyzed, then a mutual information-grey relational coefficient gradual fusion model was constructed to predict hypoalbuminemia in the future by the indicators of vital signs, N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide, blood routine examination and urine routine examination at admission. Through the sensitivity analysis of model, we analysed the important of four examines in patients with and without pneumonia.

Results

The predicted accuracy of our gradual fusion model was 0.954, which improve the prediction accuracy by nearly 17.6% compared with the classical machine learning method. The AUC of gradual fusion model was 0.96 and 0.9 in hypoalbuminemia patients with and without pneumonia. The sensitivity analysis of gradual fusion model showed blood routine examine was most important to predict hypoalbuminemia in patients with pneumonia, while urine routine examine was most important to predict hypoalbuminemia in non-pneumonia patients.

Conclusion

The changes in the blood of patients with hypoalbuminemia combined with pneumonia were more significant than that of patients with hypoalbuminemia alone, which was characterized by abnormal excretion due to low protein. We suggested doctors should pay more attention to blood routine results when preventing hypoalbuminemia in patients with pneumonia and pay more attention to urine routine examine results when preventing hypoalbuminemia in patients without pneumonia.
Quantitative analysis of retinal vascular parameters changes in school-age children with refractive error using artificial intelligence
Authors: Liu Linlin , Zhong Lijie , Zeng Linggeng , Liu Fang , Yu Xinghui , Xie Lianfeng , Tan Shuxiang , Zhang Shuang , Jiang Yi-Ping
Published: December 2024

Aim

To quantitatively analyze the relationship between spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and retinal vascular changes in school-age children with refractive error by applying fundus photography combined with artificial intelligence (AI) technology and explore the structural changes in retinal vasculature in these children.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective case–control study, collecting data on 113 cases involving 226 eyes of schoolchildren aged 6–12 years who attended outpatient clinics in our hospital between October 2021 and May 2022. Based on the refractive spherical equivalent refraction, we categorized the participants into four groups: 66 eyes in the low myopia group, 60 eyes in the intermediate myopia group, 50 eyes in the high myopia group, and 50 eyes in the control group. All participants underwent a series of examinations, including naked-eye and best-corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction, intraocular pressure measurement, ocular axial measurement (AL), and color fundus photography. Using fundus photography, we quantitatively analyzed changes in the retinal vascular arteriovenous ratio (AVR), average curvature, and vascular density with AI technology. Data were analyzed using the χ2 test and one-way analysis of variance.

Results

The AVR in the low myopia group, moderate myopia group, high myopia group, and control group were 0.80 ± 0.05, 0.80 ± 0.04, 0.76 ± 0.04, and 0.79 ± 0.04, respectively, and the vessel densities were 0.1024 ± 0.0076, 0.1024 ± 0.0074, 0.0880 ± 0.0126, and 0.1037 ± 0.0143, respectively The difference between the AVR and vascular density in the high myopia group was statistically significant compared to the other three groups (p < 0.05). Linear correlation analysis showed a strong negative correlation between the spherical equivalent refraction and the ocular axis (r = −0.874, p < 0001), a moderate positive correlation between the spherical equivalent refraction and the vascular density (r = 0.527, p < 0001), and a moderate negative correlation between the ocular axis and the vascular density (r = −0.452, p < 0001).

Conclusion

Schoolchildren with high myopia showed a decreased AVR and decreased vascular density in the retinal vasculature. The AVR and vascular density may be early predictors of myopia progression.
Virtual screening and evaluation of bioactive peptides from Haliotis discus hannai as potential HMGCR inhibitors for hyperlipidemia treatment
Authors: Qiao Kun , Liu Lina , Chen Yihui , Huang Qiongmei , Chen Bei , Wu Jingna , Huang Wenmei , Liu Zhiyu
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Hyperlipidemia remains a major disease threatening global public health. The morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases have been increasing. The inhibition of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), a key enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, can effectively reduce cholesterol levels.

Methods and results

In this study, the most suitable protease for preparing HMGCR inhibitory peptides was screened using the evaluation indexes of peptide yield and HMGCR inhibition rate. Peptide sequences with molecular weights <1 kDa were identified, and peptide fragments were docked with HMGCR for virtual screening. The inhibitory effects of these peptides on HMGCR activity were evaluated in vitro using a high-fat Hep-G2 cell model. The screened peptides possessed significant HMGCR inhibitory activity and reduced cholesterol micelle solubility and total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemic Hep-G2 cells.

Conclusion

This study provides novel insights into developing natural drugs for hyperlipidemia; moreover, the results will facilitate the functional application of marine bioactive peptides.
Effectiveness of interventions to prevent drowning among children under age 20 years: a global scoping review
Authors: Ashraf Lamisa , Zia Nukhba , Vincenten Joanne , Mackay J. Morag , Agrawal Priyanka , Green Abigail , Bachani Abdulgafoor M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Drowning is a leading cause of death among young children. The United Nations Resolution on global drowning prevention (2021) and World Health Assembly Resolution in 2023 have drawn attention to the issue. This scoping review synthesizes the current evidence on the effectiveness of child drowning prevention interventions since the 2008 World Report on Child Injury Prevention and implications for their implementation.

Methods

Quantitative studies published between 2008 and 2023 focusing on interventions targeting unintentional injuries, including drowning, among children and adolescents under age 20 years were searched on Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Epistemonikos, PubMed, and Embase. Relevant data on interventions were extracted using a pre-defined template on Microsoft Excel. This scoping review focuses on the interventions addressing drowning.

Results

Overall, 12 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Evidence generated between 2008 and 2023 support the effectiveness of introducing barriers around water bodies, immediate resuscitation and first-responder training, and use of personal floatation devices (PFDs). Basic swimming and water safety skills training for children ages 6 years and older, and enacting and enforcing regulations on pool fencing and PFD use were found to be promising based on new evidence published since 2008. This scoping review also found evidence on new interventions studied since 2008, such as close adult supervision, inspections of safety standards of pools, and the use of door barriers and playpens, all of which demand further research to ensure context-specific implementation in LMICs.

Conclusion

While there is evidence to support both existing and new interventions, most of the available interventions are still classified as promising and emerging, underlining the need for further evaluation of those interventions in diverse settings (including low and middle- income) through effectiveness studies and implementation research. In addition, it is important to highlight the nexus between drowning prevention and the Sustainable Development Goals to advocate multisectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration, to influence the broader child health agenda.
Assessment of uterine caruncles, uterine cervix, and vulva during the postpartum period in Kivircik ewes with shear-wave elastography
Authors: Uçmak Zeynep Günay , Kurban İbrahim , Uçmak Melih , Özbezek Mehmet Fatih , Kılıçarslan Mehmet Ragıp , Duro Sokol , Szara Tomasz , Gündemir Ozan
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study aims to quantify the shear wave speed (SWS) and stiffness of the uterine cervix (close to the internal cervical ostium (IOC) which is the cranial portion of cervix and close to the external cervical ostium (EOC) which is the caudal portion of cervix), caruncular areas, and vulvar labia during the postpartum period in healthy Kivircik ewes by using shear-wave elastography. Power Doppler ultrasonography was performed to evaluate the color pixel percentage (CPP) of the caruncles.

Methods

The study included 13 healthy pregnant Kivircik ewes, which were randomly selected. A total of 12 measurements were taken from the uterine cervix and vulva from the postpartum first day to PP42 (daily for the first week and weekly from PP14 to PP42). However, only eight measurements were obtained from the caruncles because they could not be visible after day 14.

Results

The time-dependent differences in the widest cross-sectional diameter of the caruncles were statistically significant (p < 0.001) both in ewes giving birth to singletons and twins. As a result of power Doppler ultrasonography examination, the time-dependent differences in the CPP of the caruncles were statistically significant (p < 0.01) in ewes giving birth to both singletons and twins. The diameter of the cervix at PP3 was significantly higher than the ones at PP14, PP21, PP28 (p < 0.05). The SWS and stiffness in the IOC for all ewes at PP35 were significantly higher than the ones at PP1, PP4, PP7, and PP14 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; respectively). However, the time-dependent differences in SWS and stiffness in the EOC were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The time-dependent differences in the SWS and stiffness in the vulva were statistically significant (p < 0.001) in ewes giving birth to both singletons and twins.

Discussion

In conclusion, it is possible to describe the changes throughout the postpartum period and evaluate the involution of the uterine cervix, caruncles, and vulvar labia and tissue stiffness with significant results by B mode ultrasonography, power Doppler and shear wave elastography. We provided valuable information to elucidate the differences in the involution process of the uterine cervix, caruncles, and vulva concerning the number of offspring during the postpartum period in Kivircik ewes.
Optimal Design of One-Sided Exponential Adaptive EWMA Scheme Based on Median Run Length
Authors: Qiao Yulong , Wu Zixing , Zhang Qian , Xu Qin , Jin Ge
Published: December 2024

High-quality processes, characterized by low defect rates, typically exhibit an exponential distribution for time-between-events (TBE) data. To effectively monitor TBE data, one-sided exponential Adaptive Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (AEWMA) schemes are introduced. However, the run length (RL) distribution varies with the magnitude of the process mean shift, rendering the median run length (MRL) a more pertinent performance metric. This paper investigates the RL properties of one-sided exponential AEWMA schemes using a Markov chain method. An optimal design procedure based on MRL is developed to enhance the one-sided exponential AEWMA scheme. Comparative analyses reveal that the one-sided exponential AEWMA scheme provides better balanced protection against both minor and major shifts in the process mean compared to EWMA-type and Shewhart schemes. Finally, two practical case studies illustrate the application of AEWMA schemes in manufacturing.
Research on the Interference Effects of 5G’s Key Parameters on Radio Altimeters
Authors: Bai Jie , Yuan Shun , Duan Zhaobin
Published: December 2024

The 5G frequency band is extremely close to the operating frequency band of radio altimeters (RAs), so an in-depth study of the possible interference of 5G’s key parameters on RAs is especially necessary to ensure aviation safety. In this paper, the interference magnitude of 5G waveforms on an altimeter was measured by simulating the Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR) values for different sub-carrier spacing (SCS) and channel bandwidth configurations. Furthermore, interference injection experiments on simulated 5G signals and the interference thresholds of a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) altimeter were compared to experiments on the effects of the different configurations of 5G SCSs, channel bandwidths, and center frequency points. The interference thresholds of this FMCW altimeter were found to be in the range of 1 dBm to 6 dBm and −4 dBm to 0 dBm under the interference of 5G signals at the center frequency points of 3.7 GHz and 3.9 GHz. These results provided a certain reference for the engineering judgement margin of the interference thresholds.
Force–Position Coordinated Compliance Control in the Adhesion/Detachment Process of Space Climbing Robot
Authors: Wen Changtai , Zheng Pengfei , Jing Zhenhao , Guo Chongbin , Chen Chao
Published: December 2024

Adhesion-based space climbing robots, with their flexibility and multi-functional capabilities, are seen as a promising candidate for in-orbit maintenance. However, challenges such as uncertain adhesion establishment, unexpected detachment, and body motion unsteadiness in microgravity environments persist. To address these issues, this paper proposes a coordinated force–position compliance control method that integrates novel adhesion establishment and rotational detachment strategies, integrated into the gait schedule for a space climbing robot. By monitoring the foot-end reaction forces in real time, the proposed method establishes adhesion without risking damaging the spacecraft exterior, and smooth detachment is achieved by rotating the foot joint instead of direct pulling. These strategies are dedicated to reducing unnecessary control actions and, accordingly, the required adhesion forces in all feet, reducing the possibility of unexpected detachment. Climbing experiments have been conducted in a suspension-based gravity compensation system to examine the merits of the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed rotational detaching method decreases the required pulling force by 65.5% compared to direct pulling, thus greatly reducing the disturbance introduced to the robot body and other supporting legs. When stepping on an obstacle, the compliant control method is shown to reduce unnecessarily aggressive control actions and result in a reduction in relevant normal and shear adhesion forces in the supporting legs by 44.8% and 35.1%, respectively, compared to a PID controller.
Initial and Continued Airworthiness: Commonalities and Differences Between Civil and Military Aviation
Authors: Luterbacher Mus Rafael , Rodeck Rebecca , Wende Gerko
Published: December 2024

Besides the fact that civil and military aerospace are governed by the same physics and design fundamentals, differences exist between the initial and continued airworthiness criteria for these two aviation fields. Whereas civil aerospace is highly regulated by national and international organizations, the military is mainly governed by national regulations or, in multinational projects, by agreed-upon regulations. A trend exists towards the homogenization of rules in both fields; however, due to national security interests, these are generally agreed upon on a case-by-case basis. This review aims to provide an overview of the processes employed for initial and continued airworthiness of civil and military aviation, focusing on the similitudes and differences.
A Machine Learning Approach for the Autonomous Identification of Hardness in Extraterrestrial Rocks from Digital Images
Authors: Liu Shuyun , Zhao Haifeng , Yuan Zihao , Xiao Liping , Shen Chengcheng , Wan Xue , Tang Xuhai , Zhang Lu
Published: December 2024

Understanding rock hardness on extraterrestrial planets offers valuable insights into planetary geological evolution. Rock hardness correlates with morphological parameters, which can be extracted from navigation images, bypassing the time and cost of rock sampling and return. This research proposes a machine-learning approach to predict extraterrestrial rock hardness using morphological features. A custom dataset of 1496 rock images, including granite, limestone, basalt, and sandstone, was created. Ten features, such as roundness, elongation, convexity, and Lab color values, were extracted for prediction. A foundational model combining Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) was trained through cross-validation. The output of this model was used as the input for a meta-model, undergoing linear fitting to predict Mohs hardness, forming the Meta-Random Forest and Support Vector Regression (MRFSVR) model. The model achieved an R2 of 0.8219, an MSE of 0.2514, and a mean absolute error of 0.2431 during validation. Meteorite samples were used to validate the MRFSVR model’s predictions. The model is used to predict the hardness distribution of extraterrestrial rocks using images from the Tianwen-1 Mars Rover Navigation and Terrain Camera (NaTeCam) and a simulated lunar rock dataset from an open-source website. The results demonstrate the method’s potential for enhancing extraterrestrial exploration.
Optimization of Tillage Operation Parameters to Enhance Straw Incorporation in Rice-Wheat Rotation Field
Authors: Miressa Sagni B. , Ding Qishuo , Li Yinian , Amisi Edwin O.
Published: December 2024

In the rice-wheat system, using straw for soil incorporation provides better soil health and improves agricultural production. The experiment was performed in Babaiqiao town, Jiangsu Province, China’s Luhe District, Nanjing City, in June 2024 using a Shichao TG-500 tractor equipped with a Qingxuan 1GKN-180 rotary cultivator. The impacts of the three tillage practices, deep rotary tiller with straw (DRTS), shallow rotary tiller with straw (SRTS), and no-tillage with straw return (NTSR), on the level of soil disturbance were observed in the single-factor and two-factor interaction experiments. Based on the profilometry analysis, it was observed that DRTS had the highest value of soil disturbance while SRTS had a moderate disturbance value and NTSR minimized disturbance. The effects of working depths, forward speed, and rotation speed on the straw return rate have been evaluated by further investigations. The results showed that enhancing straw return rates was significantly impacted by changing the tilling depths and the rotation speeds, especially when using deeper tillage and moderate to high rotary speeds. The investigation found that the forward speed, blade rotation speed, and tillage depth explained the overall rates of straw return, soil breaking, and soil flatness. In the research, the response surface design employed was the Box–Behnken Design (BBD). The optimal operating parameters were 14.23 cm of plowing depth, 297.6 rpm for the rotary blades, and 3.23 km/h for forward speed. Achieved were the following parameters: 94.766% soil breakage rate, 84.97% straw return rates, and 16.36 mm soil flatness. The findings demonstrate the potential to implement strategies through operational parameters to significantly enhance agricultural practices.
Effects of Different Tillage Measures Combined with Straw Returning on Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Community Structure and Diversity
Authors: Xiao Sa , Li Bing , Zhang Tingting , Luo Jianzhu , Wang Jie , Zhang Xiangqian , Li Juan , Zhang Dejian
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the problems of serious soil desertification, increased soil and water loss, and reduced soil-available nutrients in the agro-pastoral ecotone in Northeast Inner Mongolia, this study took corn variety A6565 as the planting crop and analyzed seven different tillage measures, deep tillage, deep loosening, shallow tillage, rotary tillage, heavy harrow, no-tillage, and control, combined with straw returning at an experimental field in Arong Banner. The analysis results are as follows: the urease activity and microbial biomass nitrogen content of the tillage method combined with straw-returning treatment were higher than other treatments. Compared with the seedling stage, the alpha diversity index of bacteria increased in the harvest stage, while that of fungi was the opposite. β diversity comparison showed that sampling time was the main factor affecting the bacterial community and composition. It was found that the dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes, and the dominant fungus was Ascomycetes. Conservation tillage combined with straw-returning treatment has a positive impact on soil microbial diversity, which is more helpful for improving soil-available nutrients and soil quality. All the findings in this study may contribute to restricting a series of important factors affecting sustainable agricultural development, such as soil degradation.
Model-Based Valuation of Ecosystem Services Using Bio-Economic Farm Models: Insights for Designing Green Tax Policies and Payment for Ecosystem Services
Authors: Hosseini-Yekani Seyed-Ali , Tomaczewski Stefan , Zander Peter
Published: December 2024

The integration of ecosystem services (ESs) valuation into agricultural policy frameworks is critical for fostering sustainable land management practices. This study leverages the redesigned version of the bio-economic farm model MODAM (Multi-Objective Decision Support Tool for Agro-Ecosystem Management) to estimate the shadow prices of ESs, enabling the derivation of demand and supply curves for nitrate leaching and soil erosion control, respectively. Two hypothetical farms in Brandenburg, Germany—a smaller, arable farm in Märkisch-Oderland and a larger, diversified farm with livestock in Oder-Spree—are analyzed to explore the heterogeneity in shadow prices and corresponding cropping patterns. The results reveal that larger farms exhibit greater elasticity in response to green taxes on nitrate use and lower costs for supplying erosion control compared to smaller farms. This study highlights the utility of shadow prices as proxies for setting green taxes and payments for ecosystem services (PESs), while emphasizing the need for differentiated policy designs to address disparities between farm types. This research underscores the potential of model-based ESs valuation to provide robust economic measures for policy design, fostering sustainable agricultural practices and ecosystem conservation.
A Data-Driven Approach to Improve Cocoa Crop Establishment in Colombia: Insights and Agricultural Practice Recommendations from an Ensemble Machine Learning Model
Authors: Talero-Sarmiento Leonardo , Roa-Prada Sebastian , Caicedo-Chacon Luz , Gavanzo-Cardenas Oscar
Published: December 2024

This study addresses the critical challenge of the limited understanding of environmental factors influencing cocoa cultivation in Colombia, a region with significant production potential but diverse agroecological conditions. The fragmented nature of the existing agricultural data and the lack of targeted research hinder efforts to optimize productivity and sustainability. To bridge this gap, this research employs a data-driven approach, using advanced machine learning techniques such as supervised, unsupervised, and ensemble models, to analyze environmental datasets and provide actionable recommendations. By integrating data from official Colombian sources, as well as the NASA POWER database, and geographical APIs, the present study proposes a methodology to systematically assess environmental conditions and classify regions for optimal cocoa cultivation. The use of an assembled model, combining clustering with targeted machine learning for each cluster, offers a more precise and scalable understanding of cocoa establishment under diverse conditions. Despite challenges such as limited dataset resolution and localized climate variability, this research provides valuable insights for a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental conditions impacting cocoa plantation establishment in a given location. The key findings reveal that temperature, humidity, and wind speed are crucial determinants of cocoa growth, with complex interactions affecting regional suitability. The results offer valuable guidance for the implementation of adaptive agricultural practices and resilience strategies, enabling sustainable cocoa production systems. By implementing better practices, countries such as Colombia can achieve higher market shares under growing global cocoa demand conditions.
The Detection of Soybean Bacterial Blight Based on Polarization Spectral Imaging Techniques
Authors: Yi Jia , Jiang Huilin , Tan Yong
Published: December 2024

Soybean bacterial blight, caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycine, which is one of the common diseases of soybeans, has a strong harm and a great impact on the yield of soybeans. If the disease is not diagnosed in time and no solution comes up, it will lead to the serious loss of yield after the disease becomes serious. Therefore, this paper proposes the detection of the soybean bacterial blight with the polarization spectroscopic imaging method, derived from the detection principle and mathematical model of polarization bidirectional reflection distribution function on the basis of the Stokes vector analysis method. By synthesizing the spectral lines of the four polarization states and the non-polarization states, it was found that the physical parameters of I (135°, 90°) polarization state were the most suitable for identifying soybean bacterial blight disease, and other polarization states could also supplement the characteristic information. The results show that the polarization spectral image can effectively identify the polarization characteristics of healthy soybean leaves and early bacterial blight in the field, and can distinguish the healthy leaves and the diseased leaves by obtaining the relative polarization reflectance of different areas in soybean leaves. Finally, the soybean disease species can be accurately diagnosed. This paper provides an optical method for the detection of crop diseases and insect pests, which makes up for the deficiency of the traditional detection technology and can provide a scientific basis for the safe non-destructive detection of crop diseases and pests.
Development of a Circular Nutrient Solution Management System Using a Cost Function
Authors: Shin Yeong-Hyeon , Kim Insu , Yang Myongkyoon , Jang Young-Kyun , Saludes Ronaldo B. , Kim Hak-Jin , Cho Woo-Jae
Published: December 2024

In this study, an ion monitoring system using ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) was developed to maintain nutrient solutions in closed-loop hydroponic systems within plant factories. Based on this monitoring system, an algorithm and individual ion supplementation system were developed to calculate the optimal amounts of ion replenishment for crop growth. The developed algorithms adopt distinct cost functions to achieve their respective goals. The ion balance-prioritized algorithm minimizes the cost function, which is defined as the sum of the squared differences between the target ion concentrations and the calculated ion concentrations. In contrast, the carbon emission reduction algorithm minimizes the cost function defined as the total carbon emissions, which are calculated by multiplying the individual salt supplementation amounts by their respective carbon emission coefficients. Simulation results demonstrated that the ion balance-prioritized algorithm achieved average errors of 5.5 ± 5.5%, 0.4 ± 0.5%, and 5.0 ± 11.2% for Ca, NO3, and K, respectively, showing superior performance in maintaining ion balance. Meanwhile, the carbon emission reduction algorithm achieved a total of 0.064 kg CO2, representing a 50.19% reduction compared to the ion balance-prioritized type. The developed algorithms and system are expected to reduce costs by minimizing nutrient and water usage through the recycling of waste nutrient solutions. Furthermore, they are anticipated to improve crop productivity by maintaining an optimal ion composition and to contribute to sustainable agriculture through carbon emission reduction.
Effect of Combined Application of Desulfurization Gypsum and Soil Amendment KIA on Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement
Authors: Xiao Qinghong , Wei Wei , Wu Hao , Wu Kunyue , Gong Xue , Li Meng , Wang Shiwen , Yin Lina
Published: December 2024

Saline-alkali soil imposes severe adverse effects on soil utilization and agriculture production worldwide. Amelioration of saline-alkali soil is crucial to ensure global food security and promote sustainable agricultural development. Here, the effects of the combined application of soil amendment desulfurization gypsum (G) and KIA (K, an industrial organic by-product) on soil improvement and plant growth were investigated. Two experiments, a soil column leaching test and a pot experiment for plant growth, were carried out. The results showed that the combined application of G and K reduced soil pH significantly. Although the soil Na+ contents had no change in the combined treatments, the K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents were significantly higher, and the HCO3− and Cl− contents were significantly lower, compared to the control. Furthermore, maize plants exhibited a higher photosynthetic rate and greater dry weight in the combined treatments. Additionally, after plant growth, the soil enzyme activities increased. These results showed that the combined application of G and K could have a more favorable impact on soil improvement by reducing soil pH, enhancing soil ion exchange, increasing soil nutrient contents, and promoting plant growth. Our study suggests that KIA is an effective and eco-friendly soil amendment for improving saline-alkali soil.
A Study on the Infrageneric Classification of Hordeum Using Multiple Methods: Based on Morphological Data
Authors: Ro Nayoung , Sung Pilmo , Haile Mesfin , Yoon Hyemyeong , Yu Dong-Su , Ko Ho-Cheol , Cho Gyu-Taek , Woo Hee-Jong , Chung Nam-Jin
Published: December 2024

The genus Hordeum (barley) represents an essential group within the Poaceae family, comprising diverse species with significant ecological and economic importance. This study aims to improve the infrageneric classification of Hordeum by integrating multiple analytical approaches based on morphological data. A comprehensive dataset of key morphological traits was compiled from a wide range of Hordeum accessions, including representatives from all major taxonomic groups within the genus. Understanding and classifying the evolutionary traits of barley species, particularly in terms of environmental adaptation, pest resistance, and productivity improvement, is essential. DNA-based classification methods allow precise molecular-level analysis but are resource-intensive, especially when large-scale processing is required. This study addresses these limitations by employing an integrative approach combining hierarchical clustering, Principal Component Analysis–Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA), and Random Forest (RF) to analyze the compiled morphological datasets. Morphological clustering via hierarchical analysis revealed clear taxonomic distinctions, achieving 86.0% accuracy at the subgenus level and 83.1% at the section level. PCA-LDA further refined classification by identifying key traits such as seed width, area, and 100-seed weight as primary contributors, achieving perfect accuracy for the Hordeum section and high accuracy for species like Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum spontaneum. RF analysis enhanced classification performance, achieving 100% accuracy at the section level and high accuracy for species with sufficient data. This approach offers a new framework for classifying diverse barley species and contributes significantly to data-driven decision-making in breeding and conservation efforts, supporting a deeper understanding of barley’s adaptive evolution in response to environmental changes.
Effect of Microstructure on Multiscale Mechanical Properties of Scalmalloy Produced by Powder Bed Fusion-Laser Beam
Authors: Zhang Huixing (Hannah) , Green Caitlin E. R. , Lodeiro Maria J. , Woolliams Peter , Mingard Ken P. , Fry Antony T.
Published: December 2024

For additive manufactured parts, it is important to measure homogeneity and demonstrate representative parts can be printed faster while maintaining key mechanical properties. In this work, a multiscale characterization of microstructural and mechanical properties was carried out to gain a thorough understanding of a range of powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB)-manufactured Scalmalloy for future optimization of the processing parameters. The relationship between microstructure, including porosity, grain structure, and precipitates, and mechanical properties, is investigated. The stress-relieved samples were characterized mainly using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suite, uniaxial tensile tests and nanoindentation. The results show the multiple strengthening mechanisms in Scalmalloy, including solid solution strengthening, grain size, precipitates and dislocations strengthening, demonstrated through a combination of the nanoindentation measurements with microstructural analysis at the local scale. The current work suggests potential mechanisms for further improvement of the strength and ductility in PBF-LB-Scalmalloy.
Brush Use in Lot-Fed Cattle Shows Continued Use and Positive Behaviour
Authors: Dunston-Clarke Emma J. , Stockman Catherine , Sinclair Josie , Collins Teresa
Published: December 2024

Feedlot cattle were assessed for the consistency of enrichment brush use, higher incidence of natural behaviour, and less agonistic or abnormal behaviour compared to cattle without the brush. Cattle were assigned to one of two treatment pens, (1) access to a vertical grooming brush (EB; n = 89) or (2) no access control (CON; n = 80), for a period of 107 days. A Principal Component (PC) analysis was used on pen-side demeanour scores. Statistical analysis on pen-side behaviour and demeanour PCs tested for impact of treatment, day, and time. Frequency of brush use and the duration of each cow–brush interaction did not decrease over the assessment period. Self-grooming and allogrooming did not differ between treatments and were similar in frequency to brush grooming, resulting in total grooming being higher in the EB treatment group (p < 0.05). Cattle in the EB pen were scored as more content (PC 2; p < 0.05) and sociable (PC 3; p < 0.01), while CON cattle were scored as more anxious (PC 3; p < 0.05). Overall, this study suggests that the provision of a brush for enrichment enhanced lot-fed cattle wellbeing and permitted prolonged engagement, making it an effective enrichment device.
Endoparasites in Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus) By-Caught in Latvian Commercial Coastal Fishery
Authors: Selezņova Maija , Cīrulis Aivars , Mateusa Maira , Krūze Ēriks , Rozenfelde Loreta , Pigiņka-Vjačeslalova Inga , Geine-Romanova Lilija , Ustups Didzis , Deksne Gunita
Published: December 2024

The grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) is a fish-eating mammal and an apex predator in the Baltic Sea. It serves as the definitive host for several parasite species that utilize fish as intermediate or paratenic hosts. This study aimed to determine the endoparasite fauna of grey seals by-caught in the Latvian commercial coastal fishery and to analyze the impact of parasites on the seals’ nutritional status. A total of 59 grey seals were collected for parasitological analysis. Six parasite species were identified, with all seals infected by Contracaecum sp. and Corynosoma semerme. High prevalence rates were observed for Corynosoma strumosum (69.4%), Parafilaroides gymnurus (44.8%), and Pseudamphistomum truncatum (27.1%). Giardia duodenalis was detected in two animals, marking its first report in the Baltic Sea grey seals. A significant negative correlation was found between the infection intensity of C. semerme (Rs = −0.324, p = 0.013) and the nutritional status of the grey seals.
Overexpression of miR-192 Inhibits In Vitro Porcine Embryo Development by Inducing Oxidative Stress Damage and Impairing Mitochondrial Function
Authors: He Fan , Li Mingguo , Chen Fan , Zhou Rong , Qi Mengfan , Fu Binbin , Zhang Huapeng , Li Qingchun , Bi Yanzhen , Huang Tao
Published: December 2024

Early embryonic development relies on intricately regulated gene expression, and miRNAs influence zygotic genome activation (ZGA), cleavage, and cell fate determination through post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. miR-192 is expressed in early pig embryos and participates in various reproductive processes. However, its role in pre-implantation pig embryo development remains poorly understood. In this study, we microinjected the miR-192 agonist (miR-192 agomir) into parthenogenetically activated pig embryos to evaluate its effects on early pig embryo development. Our findings indicate that compared to the control group (agomir NC), miR-192 agomir impairs the developmental capacity of parthenogenetic pig embryos to reach the 2-cell, 4-cell, and blastocyst stages. This impairment leads to imbalances in the oxidative–reductive system and abnormalities in mitochondrial function during the 4-cell stage, resulting in the significant accumulation of ROS, notable decreases in the expression of antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD1 mRNA, reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, and induction of apoptosis in pig blastocysts. Additionally, the overexpression of miR-192 inhibits the expression of its target genes YY1 and the pluripotency factor NANOG mRNA. In conclusion, this study reveals that the overexpression of miR-192 adversely affects early pig embryo development, providing new evidence for understanding the role miR-192 plays in reproduction.
The Impact of MSTN Gene Editing on Meat Quality and Metabolomics: A Comparative Study Among Three Breeds of MSTN-Edited and Non-Edited Cattle
Authors: Luo Shan , Liu Yuanqing , Bu Lige , Wang Dezheng , Wen Zhaoyu , Yang Yuqing , Xu Yanan , Wu Di , Li Guangpeng , Yang Lei
Published: December 2024

Myostatin (MSTN) serves as a negative regulatory factor for muscle development. A reduction in MSTN gene expression can enhance muscle mass and increase meat production. However, whether it will impact meat quality traits remains one of the major concerns in the cattle breeding industry. To explore the meat quality traits of MSTN gene-edited cattle, this study compared the meat quality traits of three MSTN gene-edited cattle breeds with those of non-gene-edited cattle, including Luxi, Angus, and Mongolian cattle, and further conducted an analysis in combination with metabolomics. We found that MSTN gene-edited cattle were superior to non-gene-edited cattle in terms of meat pH, shear force, and intramuscular fat content. However, no significant differences were observed in water-holding capacity, water content, and protein content of the meat. Metabolomics analysis revealed three upregulated differential metabolites common to MSTN gene-edited and non-gene-edited cattle across three breeds, namely lactoyl-valine, 3-phenylactic acid, and lactoyl-methionine. Some studies have indicated that these metabolites can improve the meat’s flavor. In this study, we compared the meat quality traits and metabolomics data between MSTN gene-edited and non-gene-edited cattle, and found that the meat quality of MSTN gene-edited cattle was superior to that of non-gene-edited cattle.