bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lycurgan Athens and the Making of Classical Tragedy
Authors: Hanink Johanna
Published: July 2014

Through a series of interdisciplinary studies this book argues that the Athenians themselves invented the notion of 'classical' tragedy just a few generations after the city's defeat in the Peloponnesian War. In the third quarter of the fourth century BC, and specifically during the 'Lycurgan Era' (338–322 BC), a number of measures were taken in Athens to affirm to the Greek world that the achievement of tragedy was owed to the unique character of the city. By means of rhetoric, architecture, inscriptions, statues, archives and even legislation, the 'classical' tragedians (Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides) and their plays came to be presented as both the products and vital embodiments of an idealised Athenian past. This study marks the first account of Athens' invention of its own theatrical heritage and sheds new light upon the interaction between the city's literary and political history.
Rousseau's Critique of Inequality
Authors: Neuhouser Frederick
Published: July 2014

Rousseau's Discourse on the Origin of Inequality among Mankind, published in 1755, is a vastly influential study of the foundations of human society, including the economic inequalities it tends to create. To date, however, there has been little philosophical analysis of the Discourse in the literature. In this book, Frederick Neuhouser offers a rich and incisive philosophical examination of the work. He clarifies Rousseau's arguments as to why social inequalities are so prevalent in human society and why they pose fundamental dangers to human well-being, including unhappiness, loss of freedom, immorality, conflict, and alienation. He also reconstructs Rousseau's four criteria for assessing when inequalities are or are not legitimate, and why. His reconstruction and evaluation of Rousseau's arguments are accessible to both scholars and students, and will be of interest to a broad range of readers including philosophers, political theorists, cultural historians, sociologists, and economists.
Economics of the Family
Authors: Browning Martin , Chiappori Pierre-André , Weiss Yoram
Published: July 2014

The family is a complex decision unit in which partners with potentially different objectives make consumption, work and fertility decisions. Couples marry and divorce partly based on their ability to coordinate these activities, which in turn depends on how well they are matched. This book provides a comprehensive, modern and self-contained account of the research in the growing area of family economics. The first half of the book develops several alternative models of family decision making. Particular attention is paid to the collective model and its testable implications. The second half discusses household formation and dissolution and who marries whom. Matching models with and without frictions are analyzed and the important role of within-family transfers is explained. The implications for marriage, divorce and fertility are discussed. The book is intended for graduate students in economics and for researchers in other fields interested in the economic approach to the family.
The Acquisition of Syntactic Structure
Authors: Becker Misha
Published: July 2014

This book explains a well-known puzzle that helped catalyze the establishment of generative syntax: how children tease apart the different syntactic structures associated with sentences like John is easy/eager to please. The answer lies in animacy: taking the premise that subjects are animate, the book argues that children can exploit the occurrence of an inanimate subject as a cue to a non-canonical structure, in which that subject is displaced (the book is easy/*eager to read). The author uses evidence from a range of linguistic subfields, including syntactic theory, typology, language processing, conceptual development, language acquisition, and computational modeling, exposing readers to these different kinds of data in an accessible way. The theoretical claims of the book expand the well-known hypotheses of Syntactic and Semantic Bootstrapping, resulting in greater coverage of the core principles of language acquisition. This is a must-read for researchers in language acquisition, syntax, psycholinguistics and computational linguistics.
The Italian Army and the First World War
Authors: Gooch John
Published: July 2014

This is a major new account of the role and performance of the Italian army during the First World War. Drawing from original, archival research, it tells the story of the army's bitter three-year struggle in the mountains of Northern Italy, including the eleven bloody battles of the Isonzo, the near-catastrophic defeat at Caporetto in 1917 and the successful, but still controversial defeat of the Austro-Hungarian army at Vittorio Veneto on the eve of the Armistice. Setting military events within a broader context, the book explores pre-war Italian military culture and the interactions between domestic politics, economics and society. In a unique study of an unjustly neglected facet of the war, John Gooch illustrates how General Luigi Cadorna, a brutal disciplinarian, drove the army to the edge of collapse, and how his successor, general Armando Diaz, rebuilt it and led the Italians to their greatest victory in modern times.
The French Revolution and the London Stage, 1789–1805
Authors: Taylor George
Published: July 2014

During the French Revolution most performances on the London stage were strictly censored, but political attitudes found indirect expression. New and popular genres like pantomime, gothic drama, history plays, musical and spectacular entertainment, and, above all, melodrama provided metaphors for the hopes and fears inspired by the conflict in France and subsequent European wars. This 2001 book looks at how British drama and popular entertainment were affected by the ideas and events of the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. He argues that melodrama had its origins in this period, with certain gothic villains displaying qualities attributed to Robespierre and Napoleon, and that recurrent images of incarceration and dispossession reflected fears of arbitrary persecution, from the tyranny of the Bastille to the Jacobin's Reign of Terror. By a cultural analysis of the popular entertainment and theatre performances of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Taylor reveals issues of ideological conflict and psychological stress.
Optimal Combining and Detection
Authors: Choi Jinho
Published: July 2014

With signal combining and detection methods now representing a key application of signal processing in communication systems, this book provides a range of key techniques for receiver design when multiple received signals are available. Various optimal and suboptimal signal combining and detection techniques are explained in the context of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, including successive interference cancellation (SIC) based detection and lattice reduction (LR) aided detection. The techniques are then analyzed using performance analysis tools. The fundamentals of statistical signal processing are also covered, with two chapters dedicated to important background material. With a carefully balanced blend of theoretical elements and applications, this book is ideal for both graduate students and practising engineers in wireless communications.
The Hard Slog
Authors: James Karl
Published: July 2014

The island of Bougainville in the South Pacific was the site of one of the largest and most gruelling campaigns fought by Australian forces during the Second World War. During the offensive against the Japanese from November 1944 to August 1945, more than 500 Australians were killed and two Victoria Crosses awarded. A veteran later described Bougainville as 'one long bloody hard slog'. Despite this, little is known about the campaign, which was dismissed as an unnecessary and costly operation. In the first major study of the Bougainville campaign since 1963, Karl James argues that it was in fact a justifiable use of Australia's military resources. Drawing on original archival research, including wartime reports and soldiers' letters and diaries, James illustrates the experience of Australian soldiers who fought. Generously illustrated with over forty photographs, this important book tells how this often overlooked battle played an important part in Australia's Second World War victory.
Geschichte von Böhmen
Authors: Palacký František
Published: July 2014

A highly influential Czech historian and politician, František Palacký (1798–1876) became in 1825 the first editor of the journal of the Bohemian Museum, a key cultural institution in the development of Czech nationalism. He was actively involved in the nineteenth-century Czech national revival, helping also to found the Czech national theatre. Entering politics in 1848, he served as president of the Prague Slavic Congress, and later became a member of the Austrian senate as a supporter of greater Czech autonomy. In this extensive work, comprising ten separate parts - published in German between 1836 and 1867 - Palacký gives a detailed account of Bohemian history until 1526. It remains an important and ambitious feat of scholarship, still relevant to students of central European history. Volume 4 deals with the era of George of Poděbrady; this first part (1857) covers the years 1439–57.
The Works of Sir William Jones
Authors: Jones William
Published: July 2014

A renowned Enlightenment polymath, Sir William Jones (1746–94) was a lawyer, translator and poet who wrote authoritatively on politics, comparative linguistics and oriental literature. Known initially for his Persian translations and political radicalism, Jones became further celebrated for his study and translation of ancient Sanskrit texts following his appointment to the supreme court in Calcutta in 1783. He spent the next eleven years introducing Europe to the mysticism and rationality of Hinduism through works such as his nine 'Hymns' to Hindu deities and his translation of the Sanskrit classic Sacontalá. Volume 9 of his thirteen-volume works, published in 1807, contains Jones' translation of the Speeches of Isaeus (1779) and perhaps his most influential translation, Sacontalá (1789), a Hindu love fable that explores the depths of Hindu mythology and philosophy. Lauded throughout Europe, Sacontalá would inspire Goethe to write that once it is mentioned, 'everything is said'.
Joyriding in Riyadh
Authors: Menoret Pascal
Published: July 2014

Why do young Saudis, night after night, joyride and skid cars on Riyadh's avenues? Who are these 'drifters' who defy public order and private property? What drives their revolt? Based on four years of fieldwork in Riyadh, Pascal Menoret's Joyriding in Riyadh explores the social fabric of the city and connects it to Saudi Arabia's recent history. Car drifting emerged after Riyadh was planned, and oil became the main driver of the economy. For young rural migrants, it was a way to reclaim alienating and threatening urban spaces. For the Saudi state, it jeopardized its most basic operations: managing public spaces and enforcing law and order. A police crackdown soon targeted car drifting, feeding a nation-wide moral panic led by religious activists who framed youth culture as a public issue. This book retraces the politicization of Riyadh youth and shows that, far from being a marginal event, car drifting is embedded in the country's social violence and economic inequality.
The Life of His Royal Highness the Prince Consort
Authors: Martin Theodore
Published: July 2014

A lawyer by profession, Theodore Martin (1816–1909) gained literary distinction as both a humorous essayist and versatile translator. He found his greatest success, however, in the role of biographer to Prince Albert (1819–61). Commissioned by Queen Victoria to memorialise her late husband, this five-volume work was first published between 1875 and 1880. Intended as a continuation of the biography begun by Charles Grey (also reissued in this series), it has been described as 'less adulatory in tone than might be expected'. A treasury of letters and memoranda, it presents a detailed portrait of the character, words and deeds of a man whose life was necessarily immersed in the great events of his time. Volume 5 covers Albert's final years, from 1859 to his protracted illness and death in 1861 at the age of forty-two.
Four Years at the Court of Henry VIII
Authors: Giustiniani Sebastiano
Published: July 2014

Sebastian Giustinian (1460–1543) served as the Venetian ambassador to the court of Henry VIII between 1515 and 1519, during which time he sent back frequent and detailed dispatches to the Signory of Venice. Guistinian's letters paint a vivid portrait of a diplomat's life at court. In this second of two volumes, Giustinian writes of Sir Thomas More, an outbreak of plague, the predicament of Catherine of Aragon, and many other diplomatic and social matters. Translator and editor Rawdon Lubbock Brown (1806–83) had an unrivalled knowledge of the Venetian archives: he was the first historian to appreciate the importance of the dispatches sent from London by the Venetian ambassadors. His edition of Giustinian's correspondence provided an entirely new insight into Henry's reign when it was first published in 1854. Volume 2 also includes an account of the English embassy to the French court in 1518.
Intimate Desires: Dalit Women and Religious Conversions in Colonial India
Authors: Gupta Charu
Published: July 2014

Religious conversions by Dalits in colonial India have largely been examined as mass movements to Christianity, with an implicit focus on men. However, why did Dalit women convert? Were they just guided by their men, family, and community? This paper explores the interrelationship between caste and gender in Dalit conversions afresh through the use of popular print culture, vernacular missionary literature, writings of Hindu publicists and caste ideologues, cartoons, and police reports from colonial north India. It particularly looks at the two sites of clothing and romance to mark representations of mass and individual conversions to Christianity and Islam. Through them, it reads conversions by Dalit women as acts that embodied a language of intimate rights, and were accounts of resistant materialities. These simultaneously produced deep anxieties and everyday violence among ideologues of the Arya Samaj and other such groups, where there was both an erasure and a representational heightening of Dalit female desire. However, they also provide one with avenues to recover in part Dalit women's aspirations in this period.
Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in dusty plasma medium: Fluid and particle approach
Authors: Tiwari Sanat , Dharodi Vikram , Das Amita , Kaw Predhiman , Sen Abhijit
Published: July 2014

The Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability is studied in a two dimensional strongly coupled dusty plasma medium using a fluid approach as well as through a molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. For the fluid description the generalized hydrodynamic (GH) model which treats the strongly coupled dusty plasma as a visco-elastic fluid is adopted. For the MD studies the ensemble of particles are assumed to interact through a Yukawa potential. Both the approaches predict a stabilization of the KH growth rate with an increase in the strong coupling parameter. The present study also delineates the temporal evolution and the interaction of transverse shear waves with the collective dynamics of the dusty plasma medium within the framework of both these approaches.
Spatial and temporal patterns of harvesting of the Vulnerable pig-nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta in the Kikori region, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Eisemberg Carla C. , Rose Mark , Yaru Benedict , Georges Arthur
Published: July 2014

Management of wildlife use by communities living a partially traditional lifestyle is usually more successful when the interactions between those communities and the environment are well understood. We mapped the harvest areas for the Vulnerable pig-nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta for six language-groups in the Kikori region of Papua New Guinea and compared harvest parameters between different areas and language-groups and, when possible, between 1980–1982 and 2007–2009. Spatially, the main influence on harvest method was a tribe's location relative to the turtle's distribution. No small juveniles (< 20 cm straight-line carapace length) were found outside the Kikori delta, which is probably the species’ feeding grounds. In contrast, nesting females were captured only in upstream and coastal sandbank areas. Temporally there were distinct differences in harvesting parameters between tribes, which may be explained by differential employment opportunities. To halt the decline of pig-nosed turtles in the Kikori region we recommend the establishment of beach and feeding-ground protection initiatives, together with monitoring of the turtle population and harvest. Concomitantly, trips specifically targeted at harvesting the turtles, which account for 81% of the animals captured, need to be restricted. These initiatives should include all six language-groups and take into account their specific harvesting patterns.
Development and survival ofAscaris suumeggs in deep litter of pigs
Authors: KATAKAM KIRAN KUMAR , THAMSBORG STIG MILAN , KYVSGAARD NIELS CHRISTIAN , DALSGAARD ANDERS , MEJER HELENA
Published: July 2014

Indoor transmission ofAscaris suumpartly depends on the physico-chemical conditions in bedding material. Temperature, pH, aqueous ammonia, moisture, occurrence and development ofA. suumeggs were therefore compared in different areas (resting, intermediate and latrine) of two deep litter pens on an organic farm in four seasons. There was some variation, but mean ammonia levels were generally very low (1·0–2·6 mm) and pH levels were moderate (8·04–8·88) in all three areas. Relatively, resting areas were characterized by overall moderate moisture (36%) and moderately high temperature (35·7 °C) levels. The area contained few eggs (50 eggs g−1DM) of which 17% were viable, and though only 4% were larvated and 0·7% appeared infective, it was more than in the other areas. Intermediate areas had moderate moisture (43%) and high temperature (43·6 °C) levels. There were many eggs (523 eggs g−1DM), but overall viability was very low (5%) and few eggs were larvated (0·004%) or even infective (0·002%). Latrines typically had high moisture (79%) and moderate temperature (30 °C) levels. The concentration of eggs was very high (1444 egg g−1DM) and though 32% were viable, none had developed larval stages. The large majority ofA. suumeggs appear to die and only few become infective while in the deep litter. However, a large fraction of eggs may remain viable for some time and could thus contaminate agricultural land and develop to infectivity, if the manure is not composted appropriately.
The letters between James Lamont and Charles Darwin on Arctic fauna
Authors: Devlin C. Leah
Published: July 2014

In the summers of 1858 and 1859, the Scot Sir James Lamont of Knockdow embarked on two cruises to Svalbard (referred to by Lamont as Spitzbergen [sic]) to hunt, make geographical surveys, and collect geological and biological specimens. Lamont's return from these voyages coincided with the publication of the joint Charles Darwin-Alfred Russel Wallace paper, ‘On the tendency of species to form varieties; on the perpetuation of varieties and species by natural means of selection’ by the Linnean Society in August 1858 and, a year later, the publication of Darwin's On the origin of species (Darwin 1958). Profoundly influenced by Darwin's ideas, Lamont initiated a correspondence with the naturalist, relating examples of what he considered to be natural selection, observed during his hunting expeditions. In his Svalbard travelogue, Seasons with the sea-horses (1861), Lamont expounded specifically upon walrus and polar bear evolution, ideas inspired by sporadic yet encouraging letters from the renowned naturalist.
A randomized controlled trial of in-patient treatment for anorexia nervosa in medically unstable adolescents
Authors: Madden S. , Miskovic-Wheatley J. , Wallis A. , Kohn M. , Lock J. , Le Grange D. , Jo B. , Clarke S. , Rhodes P. , Hay P. , Touyz S.
Published: July 2014

Background

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious disorder incurring high costs due to hospitalization. International treatments vary, with prolonged hospitalizations in Europe and shorter hospitalizations in the USA. Uncontrolled studies suggest that longer initial hospitalizations that normalize weight produce better outcomes and fewer admissions than shorter hospitalizations with lower discharge weights. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of hospitalization for weight restoration (WR) to medical stabilization (MS) in adolescent AN.

Method

We performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 82 adolescents, aged 12–18 years, with a DSM-IV diagnosis of AN and medical instability, admitted to two pediatric units in Australia. Participants were randomized to shorter hospitalization for MS or longer hospitalization for WR to 90% expected body weight (EBW) for gender, age and height, both followed by 20 sessions of out-patient, manualized family-based treatment (FBT).

Results

The primary outcome was the number of hospital days, following initial admission, at the 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were the total number of hospital days used up to 12 months and full remission, defined as healthy weight (>95% EBW) and a global Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) score within 1 standard deviation (s.d.) of published means. There was no significant difference between groups in hospital days following initial admission. There were significantly more total hospital days used and post-protocol FBT sessions in the WR group. There were no moderators of primary outcome but participants with higher eating psychopathology and compulsive features reported better clinical outcomes in the MS group.

Conclusions

Outcomes are similar with hospitalizations for MS or WR when combined with FBT. Cost savings would result from combining shorter hospitalization with FBT.
Yeshayahu Leibowitz: Jewish existentialism
Authors: BENBASSAT ROI
Published: July 2014

This article presents Yeshayahu Leibowitz's conception of Judaism and characterizes his position as typically religious-existentialist. It confronts Leibowitz's conception with Kantian ethics, refutes the analogy made between these two conceptions, and shows that Leibowitz's response to Kant is analogous to that of Kierkegaard, the Christian existentialist thinker. It considers Leibowitz's religious position a Jewish variation of Kierkegaard's notion of faith in the absurd. Such an analogy enables us not only to elucidate Leibowitz's religious conception but also to evaluate the implications of Kierkegaard's religious thought in a broader context.
Second language sensitivity to agreement errors: Evidence from eye movements during comprehension and translation
Authors: LIM JUNG HYUN , CHRISTIANSON KIEL
Published: July 2014

The present study addresses the questions of (a) whether Korean learners of English show sensitivity to subject–verb agreement violations in an eye-tracking paradigm, and (b) how reading goals (reading for comprehension vs. translation) and second language (L2) proficiency modulate depth of morphological agreement processing. Thirty-six Korean speakers of L2 English and 32 native English speakers read 40 stimulus sentences, half of which contained subject–verb agreement violations in English. The factors were whether a head and a local intervening noun matched in number and whether a sentence was grammatical or not. In linear mixed models analyses, both agreement violations and noun phrase match/mismatch were found to be disruptive in processing for native speakers at the critical regions (verb and following word), and locally distracting number-marked nouns yielded an asymmetric pattern depending on grammaticality. When L2 speakers were asked to produce offline oral translations of the English sentences into Korean, they became more sensitive to agreement violations. In addition, higher L2 proficiency predicted greater sensitivity to morphological violations. The results indicate that L2 speakers are not necessarily insensitive to morphological violations and that L2 proficiency and task modulate the depth of L2 morphological processing.
Light-dependent associations of germination timing with subsequent life-history traits and maternal habitats for 476 angiosperm species of the eastern Tibetan Plateau grasslands
Authors: Zhang Chunhui , Liu Kun , Qi Wei , Ma Zhen , Du Guozhen
Published: July 2014

Germination timing is a key transition of life history. It not only links subsequent life-history traits, such as plant height and flowering time, but also provides a link to the previous generation through the influence of the maternal environment. Environmental factors may mediate these key links, and consequences of this process may influence species regeneration and dispersal. However, little is known about how environmental factors mediate these key links. Here, germination timing under high (natural light) and low light treatments was estimated for 476 angiosperm species of the eastern Tibetan Plateau grasslands. Furthermore, we used standard (std) and phylogenetic (phy) comparative methods to test if germination timing was associated with plant height, flowering time and maternal habitats under both light treatments. Germination timing was positively correlated with plant height only in low light in std-methods. Germination timing was associated with onset of flowering in both light treatments in std-methods, but only in low light when using phy-methods. Germination timing was positively correlated with elevation only in low light when using both comparative methods. Germination timing was correlated with water in maternal habitat only in high light when using both comparative methods. Germination timing was associated with light in maternal habitat in both light treatments in std-methods, but only in high light when using phy-methods. In summary, light-dependent associations of germination timing with subsequent life-history traits and maternal habitats may influence the probability of plant species life-cycle completion and influence distribution and dispersal of plant species in natural plant communities.
The Law’s Majestic Equality? The Distributive Impact of Judicializing Social and Economic Rights
Authors: Brinks Daniel M. , Gauri Varun
Published: July 2014

While many find cause for optimism about the use of law and rights for progressive ends, the academic literature has long been skeptical that courts favor the poor. We show that, with the move toward a robust “new constitutionalism” of social and economic rights, the assumptions underlying the skepticism do not always hold. Our theories must account for variation in the elite bias of law and litigation. In particular, we need to pay closer attention to the broad, collective effects of legal mobilization, rather than focusing narrowly on the litigants and the direct benefits they receive. We support the claim by showing that litigation pursued in legal contexts that create the expectation of collective effects is more likely to avoid the potential anti-poor bias of courts. On the other hand, policy areas dominated by individual litigation and individualized effects are more likely to experience regressive outcomes. Using data on social and economic rights cases in four countries, we estimate the potential pro-poor impact of litigation by examining whether the poor are over- or under-represented among the beneficiaries of litigation. We find that the impact of courts is positive and very much pro-poor in India and South Africa, and slightly negative in Indonesia and Brazil. Overall, we challenge the tendency in the literature to focus on the direct effects of litigation, find that the results of litigation are more positive for the poor than the conventional wisdom would lead us to expect, and offer an explanation that accounts for part of the variation while raising a number of questions for future research.
Explaining the Unexpected: Political Science and the Surprises of 1989 and 2011
Authors: Howard Marc Morjé , Walters Meir R.
Published: July 2014

Political scientists have been caught by surprise by some of the world’s most dramatic political transformations. To assess how the discipline fared in explaining two of the most large-scale and unexpected developments of the past decades, we compare scholarship around the time of popular mobilization in Eastern Europe in 1989 and the Arab world in 2011. We argue that while scholars cannot be expected topredictutterly extraordinary events such as revolutions and mass mobilization, in these two cases disciplinary trends left scholars ill-prepared toexplainthem. Political scientists used similar paradigms to study both regions, emphasizing their failure to develop politically and economically along the lines of Western Europe and the United States. Sovietologists tended to study the communist bloc as either anomalously totalitarian or modernizing towards “convergence” with the West. Likewise, political scientists studying the Arab world focused disproportionately on the prospects for democratization or the barriers to it, and they now risk treating the 2011 protest movements essentially as non-events if they are not clearly tied to institutional democratic reform. By broadening their research agendas beyond a focus on regime type, political scientists will be better prepared to understand future changes in the Middle East and elsewhere.
Carbon dioxide drawdown by Devonian lavas
Authors: Parnell John , Macleod Kirsty , Hole Malcolm J.
Published: July 2014

Lower Devonian volcanic rocks in the northern British Isles, especially Scotland, show extensive evidence for contemporaneous subaerial weathering. Basalt and andesite lavas were altered to red iron oxides, commonly accompanied by calcite. Measurement of carbonate contents in 104 samples over a region of 100,000 km2 show an average of 13% calcite. Weighted for outcrop thickness, this represents an estimated 7.3×1016 moles CO2, extracted from surface waters and ultimately the atmosphere. The time frame for this drawdown is difficult to constrain, but complete weathering of a one-metre unit over 1000 years would involve CO2 consumption comparable with the highest rates determined in modern basaltic watersheds. These data demonstrate that volcanic activity can be a major sink, as well as a source for CO2, and provide a data set for modelling of CO2 flux during episodes of volcanic activity in the geological record. The high capacity of the Devonian lavas for CO2 drawdown emphasises the potential of basalts for CO2 sequestration.
Compact antenna array receiver for robust satellite navigation systems
Authors: Irteza S. , Schäfer E. , Stephan R. , Hornbostel A. , Hein M. A.
Published: July 2014

A compact navigation receiver comprising a decoupled and matched four-element L1-band antenna array with an inter-element separation of a quarter of the free-space wavelength is presented in this paper. We investigate the impact of the decoupling and matching network on the robustness of the navigation receiver. It is observed that in order to achieve high robustness with a compact antenna array, it is necessary to employ a decoupling and matching network, particularly in case of three spatially separated interferers. Furthermore, we study the influence of the polarization impurity of the compact planar antenna array on the equivalent carrier-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (CINR) of the receiver when impinged with different numbers of diametrically polarized interference signals. It is shown that the higher-order modes possess strong polarization impurity, which may halve the available degrees-of-freedom for nulling in the presence of linear-polarized interferers, using a conventional null-steering algorithm. We verify the robustness of the designed compact receiver by means of a complete global-navigation-satellite-system demonstrator. It is shown that the maximum jammer power that is allowed us to maintain the CINR above 38 dBHz with three interferers can be improved by more than 10 dB if a decoupling and matching network is employed.
Influence of redox non-innocent phenylenediamido ligands on chromium imido hydrogen-atom abstraction reactivity
Authors: Zhou Wen , Patrick Brian O. , Smith Kevin M.
Published: July 2014

Reaction of new CpCr[(RN)2C6H4] complexes (R = SiMe3, CH2CMe3, Ph) with organic azides generates chromium imido complexes.
Hydrogen bonding and proton transfer in cocrystals of 4,4′-bipyridyl and organic acids studied using nuclear quadrupole resonance
Authors: Seliger Janez , Žagar Veselko
Published: July 2014

14N nuclear quadrupole resonance shows the presence of a strong, short hydrogen bond in the cocrystal 4,4′-bipyridyl–5-chlorosalycilic acid.
The preparation of graft copolymers of cellulose and cellulose derivatives using ATRP under homogeneous reaction conditions
Authors: Joubert Fanny , Musa Osama M. , Hodgson David R. W. , Cameron Neil R.
Published: July 2014

Atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) is used to modify cellulose and cellulose derivatives under homogeneous conditions, yielding novel materials for application in areas such as drug delivery.
Deracemisation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids employing monoamine oxidase variants
Authors: Schrittwieser Joerg H. , Groenendaal Bas , Willies Simon C. , Ghislieri Diego , Rowles Ian , Resch Verena , Sattler Johann H. , Fischereder Eva-Maria , Grischek Barbara , Lienhart Wolf-Dieter , Turner Nicholas J. , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: July 2014

Deracemisation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids was performed employing a recently developed variant of monoamine oxidase from Aspergillus niger (MAO-N variant D11).
Helicity inversion and redox chemistry of chiral manganese(ii) cubanes
Authors: Deville Claire , Granelli Matteo , Downward Alan M. , Besnard Céline , Guenée Laure , Williams Alan F.
Published: July 2014

N-methylation of a benzimidazole ligand switches the helicity of a tetranuclear manganese complex and changes the redox behavior.
Carbohydrates themed issue
Authors: Garneau-Tsodikova Sylvie , Baasov Timor
Published: July 2014

Welcome to the Carbohydrates themed issue of MedChemComm.
Iron uptake and ferrokinetics in healthy male subjects of an iron-based oral phosphate binder (SBR759) labeled with the stable isotope58Fe
Authors: Gschwind Hans-Peter , Schmid Dietmar G. , von Blanckenburg Friedhelm , Oelze Marcus , van Zuilen Kirsten , Slade Alan J. , Stitah Sylvie , Kaufmann Daniel , Swart Piet
Published: July 2014

An interdisciplinary human iron uptake study performed by the pharmaceutical industry with the academic environment in the field of Geosciences.
Diaporine, a novel endophyte-derived regulator of macrophage differentiation
Authors: Wu Hao Chen , Ge Hui Ming , Zang Le Yun , Bei Yun Cheng , Niu Zhi Yuan , Wei Wei , Feng Xiu Jing , Ding Sen , Ng Seik Weng , Shen Ping Ping , Tan Ren Xiang
Published: July 2014

Diaporine (1), an unprecedented symmetric polyketide, was characterized from the endophytic fungusDiaporthesp. Diaporine was demonstrated to inhibit significantly the differentiation of macrophages.
Biodegradable networks for soft tissue engineering by thiol–yne photo cross-linking of multifunctional polyesters
Authors: Leroy Adrien , Al Samad Assala , Garric Xavier , Hunger Sylvie , Noël Danièle , Coudane Jean , Nottelet Benjamin
Published: July 2014

Degradable and biocompatible networks have been prepared via thiol–yne photochemistry from novel alkyne multifunctional PCL. The mechanical properties of these cross-linked biomaterials could make them good candidates for soft tissues scaffolds.
Copper-catalyzed synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles from carbodiimide and sodium hydrosulfide
Authors: Zeng Weilan , Dang Pan , Zhang Xiaoyun , Liang Yun , Peng Caiyun
Published: July 2014

Copper-catalyzed a coupling/addition tandem reaction for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles from o-haloarylcarboniimide and NaHS.
The effect of the carbon surface chemistry and electrolyte pH on the energy storage of supercapacitors
Authors: Calvo E. G. , Rey-Raap N. , Arenillas A. , Menéndez J. A.
Published: July 2014

Combined effect of electrolyte pH and surface chemistry of oxidized carbon xerogels on the electrochemical response of supercapacitors.
Transient protein encounters characterized by paramagnetic NMR
Authors: Van de Water K. , van Nuland N. A. J. , Volkov A. N.
Published: July 2014

Multiple encounters, sampled by interacting proteins in search of the dominant, functionally active orientation, are visualized by paramagnetic NMR.
On the two-step phase transition behavior of the Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brush: different zones with different orders
Authors: Tang Hui , Zhang Bo , Wu Peiyi
Published: July 2014

Dynamic mechanism of the phase transition of POEGMA-g-PNIPAM in D2O during the heating and cooling processes.
A deep ultraviolet to near-infrared photoresponse from glucose-derived graphene oxide
Authors: Lai Sin Ki , Tang Libin , Hui Yeung Yu , Luk Chi Man , Lau Shu Ping
Published: July 2014

A deep ultraviolet to near infrared photodetector based on glucose-derived graphene oxide nanosheets.
Using Semi-Occluded Vocal Tract Exercises in Voice Therapy: The Clinician's Primer
Authors: Rosenberg Marci D.
Published: July 2014

Semi-occluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises have long been used by voice trainers and pedagogues and have been particularly popular in Scandinavia dating as far back as the 1800s. Titze (1988, 1994, 2006; Titze, Riede, & Popolo, 2008; Titze & Verdolini-Abbot, 2012) has contributed significantly to the exploration of the SOVT and impact on voice production, and these types of exercise have become ubiquitous in the clinical voice arena. Although SOVT exercises are commonly used, there continue to be questions about the exact nature of how they impact phonation and improved vocal economy. This article aims to explore the physiology of a SOVT on vocal fold vibration and vocal output. Several variations are described within context of recent research.
Genetic algorithm‐based output power optimisation of fault tolerant five‐phase brushless direct current drives applicable for electrical and hybrid electrical vehicles
Authors: Salehi Arashloo Ramin , Romeral Martinez Jose Luis , Salehifar Mehdi , Moreno‐Eguilaz Manuel
Published: July 2014

This study presents a method to improve the output power of five‐phase brushless direct current (BLDC) motors under different faulty conditions. Different machine connections are considered while having open‐circuit fault in one and two stator phases, and both fundamental and third harmonic component of stator currents are controlled to improve the amplitude and quality of generated torque under faulty conditions. Rated root‐mean‐square value of stator phase currents is considered as the main limiting factor of generated electrical torque. Genetic algorithm is used in the optimisation procedure of stator reference currents to gain more output power under the fault. Automotive applications are kept in mind, and to verify the theoretical developments, experimental tests are conducted on a five‐phase BLDC motor with in‐wheel outer‐rotor configuration.
Analytic modelling of a line‐start permanent‐magnet motor with slotted solid rotor
Authors: Azari Niaz Milad , Mirsalim Mojtaba
Published: July 2014

This study deals with an analytic model for slotted solid‐rotor line‐start permanent‐magnet motors. The impact of non‐linearity of solid‐rotor impedance is taken into account in the proposed dynamic model by applying a numerical method. The rotor parameters are calculated as functions of rotor slip in the starting stage. Compared to the time‐step finite element method, the proposed method is faster because, the rotor parameters can directly be utilised in the circuit model to simulate the transient start‐up process of the line‐start solid‐rotor synchronous motors. Eventually, a four‐pole, 250 V, 1500 rpm, 1050 W, three‐phase synchronous motor with a slotted solid rotor is designed and prototyped to experimentally validate the capabilities of the proposed analytic model.
Design of flower‐shaped dipole nano‐antenna for energy harvesting
Authors: Hussein Mohamed , Areed Nihal Fayez Fahmy , Hameed Mohamed Farhat Othman , Obayya Salah Sabry Ahmed
Published: July 2014

In this study, a novel design of nano‐antenna for energy harvesting is proposed and analysed using three‐dimensional finite difference time‐domain method. The new design consists of three elements nano‐antenna with elliptical shape and with air gap. The numerical simulations are investigated for improving the harvesting efficiency of the nano‐antennas within the wavelength range from 400 to 1400 nm. The suggested design has high efficiency of 74.6% at 500 nm where the irradiance of the sun is maximum. The proposed nano‐antenna shows an improvement in the harvesting and the total harvesting efficiency over the conventional dipole antenna by 15 and 32.7%, respectively.
Municipal Annexation and the Selective Underbounding of Colonias in Texas' Lower Rio Grande Valley
Authors: Durst Noah J
Published: July 2014

Municipal underbounding is the systematic failure of cities to annex surrounding minority communities. Recent analyses of the phenomenon in the United States have focused on small White Southern towns with African American communities along the jurisdictional fringe. This paper applies similar logic to the study of the exclusion of colonias in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas. These low-income informal settlements, located in the hinterlands of cities, have historically had high rates of poverty, poor housing quality, and insufficient infrastructure and utility service. Using TIGER/Line files (GIS shapefiles), Summary Files of the US decennial censuses, and ArcGIS technology this project explores the prevalence of the municipal underbounding of colonias. In order to place the issue of municipal annexation in context, the paper begins with a description of regional demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, municipal growth, and annexation patterns in the LRGV. The paper then explores the extent to which colonias have been selectively excluded from annexation using logistic and autologistic regression. The results suggest that census blocks that contain colonias are less likely to be annexed than are other census blocks; in addition, those census blocks that contain colonias with poor infrastructure appear to have odds of being annexed that are lower still. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of these findings.
Government Quality and Spatial Inequality: A Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Ezcurra Roberto , Rodríguez-Pose Andrés
Published: July 2014

This paper examines the relationship between government quality and spatial inequality across forty-six countries over the period 1996–2006. The results of the analysis point to the existence of a negative and significant association between government quality and the magnitude of regional disparities. Countries with better quality of government register lower levels of spatial inequality. This finding is robust to the inclusion in the analysis of additional explanatory variables that may affect both regional disparities and governance outcomes. The observed link between government quality and spatial inequality is confirmed by various robustness tests.
Reproducing the City of London's Institutional Landscape: The Role of Education and the Learning of Situated Practices by Early Career Elites
Authors: Faulconbridge James R , Hall Sarah
Published: July 2014

In this paper we argue that postgraduate education forms an important, but hitherto neglected, element in the distinctive institutional landscape of the City of London. In particular, and drawing on research into early-career financial and legal elites in the City, we show how postgraduate education tailored to the demands of employers within London plays an important role in indoctrinating early-career elites into situated, City-specific, working practices and, in so doing, helps to sustain the City's cultures and norms of financial practice. Specifying the role of postgraduate education in reproducing these situated City practices is significant because, although geographical variegation in working practices between international financial centres has been widely reported, less attention has been paid to how such institutionally embedded differences are created and sustained. By identifying education as one mechanism of creation and sustenance, our analysis enhances understanding of how the institutional landscapes that underlie financial centres might be maintained or, when necessary, challenged; challenge being significant in relation to attempts to reform practices and cultures in international financial centres in the wake of the 2007–08 crisis.
Employment, Transport Infrastructure, and Rural Depopulation: A New Spatial Equilibrium Model
Authors: McArthur David Philip , Thorsen Inge , Ubøe Jan
Published: July 2014

In this paper we propose a new spatial equilibrium model, and use it to discuss issues related to rural depopulation. The discussion focuses on how investments in transport infrastructure and the spatial distribution of basic-sector jobs can promote a relatively balanced growth of peripheral and central areas of a region. Through interdependencies in individual migration decisions and an economic base multiplier mechanism, negative exogenous shocks may take a peripheral zone beyond a bifurcation point, into an equilibrium of dramatically lower population and employment. We study how the location of bifurcation points depend on spatial interaction behavioural parameters and variables subject to regional policy. We also discuss the issue of the timing of interventions intended to prevent a process of rural depopulation.
Between God and Caesar? Christianity, Ethnic Identity, and Resistant Politics in Shimenkan, China
Authors: Yuan Zhenjie , Qian Junxi , Zhu Hong
Published: July 2014

This paper focuses on the politics of religious space and hybridized cultural identity in the reconstruction of Miao ethnicity in China. With a case study of the entanglement of ethnic language and ethnic minority's relationship with Han Chinese cultural hegemony, this paper examines the translocal production of cultural hybridity and the political potentials of religion and religious space in a multiethnic social milieu. It is argued that translocal flows of cultural resources should be taken into account in order to investigate the ongoing production and changing political connotations of hybridized cultural identities in heterogeneous time–spaces. In this study dynamics of political negotiation and community belonging inspire us to adopt a perspective looking into the dialectics of the religious and the political, inter alia the historically contingent construction of sociocultural boundaries. We suggest that the creative use of translocally constituted hybridity is an act of resistance which negotiates hegemonic ideologies undergirding cultural dominance. This paper contributes to the study of the politics of minority ethnic identities in China by examining Han–minority power relations, with specific focuses on cultural reconstruction and resistant actions.
Mitigation of enteric methane for French cattle: potential extent and cost of selected actions
Authors: Doreau M. , Bamière L. , Pellerin S. , Lherm M. , Benoit M.
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this study was (i) to select options for enteric methane abatement in French conditions, while maintaining production and changing practices but not systems, and (ii) to evaluate the extent of abatement and its cost from 2010 to 2030. Two options were selected: supplying unsaturated fats, and using nitrates as a dietary additive in the diet. Unsaturated fats resulted in a higher abatement, because a greater number of animals were concerned by the option, but incurred a higher total cost and a higher cost per ton of CO2-equivalent avoided. The results were sensitive to methodology, and to variations in the choice of fats and in the cost of ingredients, among other factors. Given their cost, evaluated in the frame of a marginal abatement cost curve, these options will require strong public policies for their application.