bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students’ Length Measuring Estimation Skills Related to The Daily Life Objects
Authors: Çetin Ömer F. , Akkuşçi Himmet
Published: September 2021

This research aims to explore the secondary school sixth and seventh graders’ length measuring estimation skills developing activities related to the daily life objects. The study is in a qualitative multiple case study model. The universe of the research consisted of the sixth and seventh graders. The sample of the research consisted of 85 students, who were studying at a secondary school in sixth and seventh classes in 2 (two) state schools determined with the purposive sampling method in the 2018-2019 educational year. The maximum variety was ensured for the class level, gender, and mathematics achievement scores; voluntariness for the easily accessible situation. The data were obtained with the scales and semi-structured interview forms prepared during the research process and analyzed descriptively. The research results suggest that the length measuring estimation skills of the secondary school sixth and seventh graders relevant to the daily life objects can be developed with the activities that will develop the students’ prior knowledge and skills.
Analysis of Abandoned Mine Wastes Disposal Techniques in Malawi: A Concept of Circular Economy
Authors: Nangulama Horris K.
Published: September 2021

Non-operational mines mostly constitute of significant quantities of valuable mineral resources within tailings and waste rock that can be disposed properly using innovative techniques. Proper waste disposal techniques do not only reduce the need for new mines to be developed but also have broad beneficial results on mining environmental impact. This paper presents a solution on abandoned mine wastes in Malawi. Malawi government wants to embrace techniques on former mine waste recycling operations that incentivize investment. Thus, this analysis proposes abandoned mine waste recycling technique for Malawi government to adopt. Recycling technique, as one of the current direction methods, is determined for adoption. The powerful impacts of recycling principles in turning Malawi’s abandoned mine wastes into beneficial products that can support and sustain its economy are given. The concept of circular economy is prominently in the picture, so the wastes can be changed into wealth and other created benefits.
Language experience during the sensitive period narrows infants’ sensory encoding of lexical tone----music intervention reverses it
Authors: Zhao T. Christina , Llanos Fernando , Chandrasekaran Bharath , Kuhl Patricia
Published: September 2021

The sensitive period for phonetic learning (6∼12 months), evidenced by improved native speech processing and declined non-native speech processing, represents an early milestone in language acquisition. We examined the extent that sensory encoding of speech is altered by experience during this period by testing two hypotheses: (1) early sensory encoding of non-native speech declines as infants gain native-language experience, and (2) music intervention reverses this decline. We longitudinally measured the frequency-following response (FFR), a robust indicator of early sensory encoding along the auditory pathway, to a Mandarin lexical tone in 7- and 11-months-old monolingual English-learning infants. Infants received either no intervention (language-experience group) or music intervention (music-intervention group) randomly between FFR recordings. The language-experience group exhibited the expected decline in FFR pitch-tracking accuracy to the Mandarin tone, while the music-intervention group did not. Our results support both hypotheses and demonstrate that both language and music experiences alter infants’ speech encoding.
The Fundamental Discussion between Newton, Maxwell, Bohr and Einstein
Authors: Vegt Wim
Published: September 2021

Isaac Newton, James Clerk Maxwell, Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein lived in fundamentally different time frames. Newton in the 16th century, Maxwell in the 18th century, Bohr in the 20th century and Einstein was physically living in the 20th century but he was his time far ahead and with his concept of a “curved space-time continuum” more connected to the 21st century. An interesting question would be: “Who would win the fundamental discussion about the interaction between “Gravity and Light” comparing the 4 fundamentally different time-frames? Newton, Maxwell, Bohr or Einstein? Newton with the fundamental “3rd law of equilibrium between the forces (force-densities)”. Maxwell who had built the “Mathematical Foundation for Electrodynamics”, Bohr (together with Heisenberg) who overruled Einstein during the 5th Solvay Conference in 1927 with the fundamental concept of “Quantum Mechanical Probability” or Einstein (his time-frame far ahead) who postulated a “Curved Space-Time Continuum” within a gravitational field. It is still the question who was right? Newton, Maxwell, Bohr or Einstein? This article will discuss the interaction between “Gravity and Light” based on a deductive discussion based on the fundamental arguments and way of thinking within that corresponding time-frame.
Left digit effects in numerical estimation across development
Authors: Williams Katherine , Zax Alexandra , Patalano Andrea , Barth Hilary
Published: September 2021

Number line estimation (NLE) tasks are widely used to investigate numerical cognition, learning, and development, and as an instructional tool. Interpretation of these tasks generally involves an implicit expectation that responses are driven by the overall magnitudes of target numerals, in the sense that the particular digits conveying those magnitudes are unimportant. However, recent evidence shows that numbers with similar magnitudes but different leftmost digits are estimated very differently. For example, “798” is placed systematically much too far to the left of “801” in a 0-1000 NLE task by children aged 7-11 and adults (Lai et al., 2018). Here we ask whether this left digit effect generalizes to two-digit numerals in a 0-100 NLE task and whether it emerges in younger children. Children aged 5-8 (Study 1, N = 73), adults (Study 2, N = 44), and children aged 9-11 (Study 3, N = 27) completed a standard 0-100 NLE task on a touchscreen tablet. We observed left digit effects for two-digit numerals in children aged 8-11 and adults, with large effect sizes, demonstrating that these effects generalize to smaller numerical ranges. Left digit effects were not apparent in 5- to 7-year-olds, suggesting that these effects do not emerge at younger ages for smaller, more familiar numerical ranges. We discuss developmental emergence of left digit effects in number line estimation and implications within and beyond the field of cognitive development.
When history perpetuates stereotypes and narratives: The burden of historical representations on well-being
Authors: Boateng Raymond
Published: September 2021

Previous research outlined that historical representations of different groups underlie stereotypes and prejudice. Considering the gap in the literature on historical representations and their potential impact on the well-being of Africans, we hypothesised that historical representations of Africans and perceptions of these representations among Africans (N = 225 in Europe relate to well-being outcomes in that population. Furthermore, we predicted that the relationship between historical representations and well-being is mediated by stereotype confirmation concerns and social identification. Consistent with our predictions, historical representations were associated with poorer well-being. Particularly, historical representations were related to increased anxiety and low self-esteem through their relationship with stereotype confirmation concerns. Social identity mitigated the harmful effects of historical representations on self-esteem. However, social identity did not mediate the association between historical representations and anxiety. Our findings highlight the effects of historical representations on well-being.
Efficient tuning of attention to narrow and broad ranges of task-relevant feature values
Authors: Chapman Angus F. , Störmer Viola S.
Published: September 2021

Feature-based attention is the ability to select relevant information on the basis of visual features, such as a particular color or motion direction. In contrast to spatial attention, where the attentional focus has been shown to be flexibly adjustable to select small or large regions, it is unclear whether feature-based attention can be efficiently tuned to different feature ranges. Here, we establish that the focus of feature-based attention can be adjusted more broadly or narrowly to select currently relevant features. Participants attended to a set of target-colored dots among distractor dots to detect brief decreases in luminance (Experiments 1a and 1b) or bursts of coherent motion (Experiments 2a, 2b, 3). To vary the size of the attentional focus, we manipulated the range of colors that the target dots spanned and found that while participants’ performance decreased with larger feature ranges to select, it remained at a relatively high level even at the largest color range, suggesting that broadening the focus of feature-based attention comes only at a small cost and that large feature ranges can be selected relatively efficiently at once. Overall, our findings argue against the idea that feature-based attention is limited to a single feature value at a time and demonstrate that selecting large swaths of feature space is surprisingly efficient. Broadly, these results are consistent with accounts that propose a flexible and generalized set of attentional mechanisms that act across both spatial and feature-based domains.
Psychological barriers to effective altruism: An evolutionary perspective
Authors: Jaeger Bastian , van vugt mark
Published: September 2021

People usually engage in (or at least profess to engage in) altruistic acts to benefit others. Yet, they routinely fail to maximize how much good is achieved with their donated money and time. An accumulating body of research has uncovered various psychological factors that can explain why people’s altruism tends to be ineffective. These prior studies have mostly focused on proximate explanations (e.g., emotions, preferences, lay beliefs). Here, we adopt an evolutionary perspective and highlight how three fundamental motives—parochialism, status, and conformity—can explain many seemingly disparate failures to do good effectively. Our approach outlines ultimate explanations for ineffective altruism and we illustrate how fundamental motives can be leveraged to promote more effective giving.
Construcción y valoración psicométrica de un instrumento de percepción de riesgo de problemas ambientales para la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina)
Authors: Pitt María Argüello , Belaus Anabel , Reyna Cecilia
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue construir y validar un instrumento para medir la percepción de riesgo de problemas ambientales en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. El estudio comprendió cinco etapas, a lo largo de las cuales participaron 506 ciudadanos/as. Se condujeron análisis de datos cualitativos (análisis de contenido) y cuantitativos (análisis descriptivos, análisis de la estructura factorial, análisis de consistencia interna). Se construyó un instrumento que comprende ocho problemas ambientales de relevancia local que se evalúan en nueve características. A partir de la evaluación de distintos agrupamientos de ítems es posible utilizar el cuestionario de diferentes maneras: a) escala general de percepción de riesgo de problemas ambientales que comprende todos los problemas y características; b) escala breve de percepción de riesgo global de problemas ambientales; y c) escalas individuales para cada uno de los problemas ambientales. En general, la evidencia de validez y confiabilidad obtenida para cada uno de los agrupamientos de ítems habilitan su uso en la ciudad de Córdoba, pudiendo utilizarse como herramienta para el manejo y gestión de riesgos.
Landmines: The Local Effects of Demining
Authors: Prem Mounu , Purroy Miguel E. , Vargas Juan F.
Published: September 2021

Anti-personnel landmines pose a significant barrier to long-term development,threatening lives and obstructing mobility, preventing agricultural investments, market access and schooling. By analyzing geolocated data on demining operations in Colombia andtaking advantage of its staggered implementation, we show that comprehensive humanitarian demining, involving aﬀected communities, significantly boosts economic activity andpopulation density, particularly in areas with better market access. We also observe im-proved academic achievement partially due to access to a better educational environment.Finally, demining reduces coca plantations, with no impact on extractive economic activities.
Toward Computational Literature Reviews: Applying Expert-Built Dictionaries for Automated Analysis of Complex Texts
Authors: Haber Jaren R. , Haveman Heather A. , Hong Yoon Sung
Published: September 2021

The social sciences face growing demand for reproducible tools for processing massive troves of often-complex text data (political speeches, medical notes, etc.). In response, we aim toward computational literature review by developing an inductive method of applying expert-built dictionaries for automated analysis of complex texts. Our workflow begins with developing dictionaries from foundational texts and domain expertise. Next, we apply text-analytic methods of differential domain-specificity and complexity to create vector-space representations of texts. Finally, we compare the validity of these methods by using regression models to evaluate relationships between their representations and ground truth. Taking as our use case a large corpus of academic articles in organizational science, we find that domain-specific, relatively simple embeddings were most valid--while the more sophisticated models were very weak. Thus, we suggest that social science workflows for learning from complex texts incorporate embeddings that are domain-specific and straightforward--rather thanconvoluted.
Recognition and Enforcement of Chinese Monetary Judgments in Australia based on Chinese Citizenship
Authors: Huang Jie
Published: September 2021

The Australian common law does not require reciprocity for recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments. Therefore, although Chinese courts have never recognized and enforced an Australian monetary judgment, Australian courts have recognized and enforced Chinese judgments. Thus far, there have been two Chinese judgments recognized and enforced in Australia (both in the State of Victoria). In both cases, the Australian judges considered whether the Chinese courts had international jurisdiction based on the defendants’ citizenship/nationality. This article seeks to discuss the two cases.
Regulating cross-border information flow: the proposed Chinese Personal Information Protection Law
Authors: Huang Jie
Published: September 2021

To better protect personal information and develop the digital economy, China is taking action to enact its Personal Information Protection Law. On 30 April 2021, the second deliberation draft of the Personal Information Protection Law (hereinafter ‘Proposed Chinese Personal Information Protection Law’) was published by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for public opinion (official version and unofficial English translation available). Regulating cross-border information flow is a highlight of the Proposed Chinese Personal Information Protection Law. Five important issues deserve attention. This article seeks to raise those issues.
RCD Holdings Ltd v LT Game International (Australia) Ltd: Foreign jurisdiction clauses and COVID-19
Authors: Huang Jie
Published: September 2021

This article seeks to discuss RC Holdings v LT Game International which is a case concerning foreign jurisdiction clauses.
Changzhou Sinotype Technology Co., Ltd, Hague Service Convention and Judgment Enforcement in China
Authors: Huang Jie
Published: September 2021

Changzhou Sinotype Technology Co, Ltd. v. Rockefeller Technology Investments (Asia) VII is a recent case decided by the Supreme Court of California on April 2, 2020. The certiorari to the Supreme Court of the US was denied on 5 October 2020. It is a controversial case concerning the interpretation of the Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extra Judicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters of November 15, 1965 (the “Hague Service Convention”) for service of process in China. This article seeks to discuss this case.
The first Mainland China monetary judgment enforced in NSW Australia: Bao v Qu; Tian (No 2)
Authors: Huang Jie
Published: September 2021

On 19 May 2020, the Supreme Court of New South Wales rendered the judgment in Bao v Qu; Tian (No 2) and decided to enforce a monetary judgment issued by the Qingdao Intermediate People’s Court of Shanghai Province, China. This is the first case at the state of NSW in Australia where a Chinese monetary judgment got enforced. This article seeks to discuss this case.
Coronavirus Outbreak and Teaching Chinese Students Online: Legal Issues That Australian Universities Should Know
Authors: Huang Jie
Published: September 2021

This article seeks to briefly outline the legal issues that Australian universities should be aware of in relation to the delivery of online teaching.
Arbitration and Protest in Hong Kong
Authors: Huang Jie
Published: September 2021

Following the promulgation of the judicial interpretation by the Supreme People’s Court (“SPC”) on 26 September 2019, Arrangement Concerning Mutual Assistance in Court-ordered Interim Measures in Aid of Arbitral Proceedings by the Courts of the Mainland and of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“Arrangement”) signed by Mainland China and Hong Kong on 2 April 2019 came into effect in Mainland China from 1 October 2019. This Arrangement provides mutual recognition and enforcement of interim measures between Hong Kong and Mainland China. It has generated broad coverage. This post tries to add to the discussion by providing the first case decided under the Arrangement on 8 October 2019, and more broadly, the reflections on the continuing protests in Hong Kong and arbitration under “One Country, Two Systems’.
Social Development and Revolution in Iran
Authors: Kadivar Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2021

The scholarship about the consequences of social revolutions contends that social revolutions boost state capacity and strengthen the state’s developmental projects. Social justice and addressing the needs of ordinary citizens also were central themes in the discourse of the Iranian revolution and the Islamic Republic that emerged as the post-revolutionary regime with the fall of the monarchy in Iran. In this essay, I assess the performance of the post-revolutionary state in Iran according to different development indicators. Specifically, I compare the record of the post-revolutionary regime with the pre-revolutionary regime. My examination of various indicators relating to health, education, poverty, income inequality, and housing presents more of a mixed result than the overall improvement that previous scholarship anticipated and that the post-revolutionary regime had promised. Furthermore, the evidence points to declines in some important areas of development and welfare provision. Based on this analysis, I propose directions for future research about the developmental outcome of revolutions.
The Influence of Partisan Media in the Face of Global Pandemic: How News Media Influenced COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy
Authors: Motta Matt , Stecula Dominik
Published: September 2021

While vaccination against COVID-19 represents a clear path toward resuming “normal life,” attitudes toward vaccination and vaccine uptake has been highly politically contentious. In this paper, we investigate (1) whether or not partisan news outlets covered COVID-vaccination issues in different ways, and (2) whether differences in coverage contributed to the vaccine politicization. We do this by bringing together novel sentiment-scored COVID vaccine stories (N > 17,000) from cable and mainstream news outlets, N > 180,000 vaccine adverse event reports to the Dept. of Health and Human Services (which we validate both here and in past research as a proxy for public vaccine sentiment), and six original surveys (N = 6,499) measuring vaccination intentions and media use behavior throughout the pandemic. We find that Fox News’ vaccine-related coverage was significantly more negative than that of other cable and mainstream sources. Critically, these differences in tone influenced public opinion about vaccines. Adverse event reports tended to increase following heightened periods of negativity on Fox News, which robustness checks suggest is not likely to be a reverse causal effect. Correspondingly, self-reported Fox News exposure in the opinion data is associated with elevated levels of vaccine hesitancy throughout the pandemic. Collectively, the results provide new insights into the persuasive power of partisan media. While some might expect the promise of ending a global pandemic to interrupt conventional media effect processes, we find that differences in covered vaccine-related issues had both predictable and polarizing effects on public opinion.
OSD2F: An Open-Source Data Donation Framework
Authors: Araujo Theo , Ausloos Jef , van Atteveldt Wouter , Loecherbach Felicia , Moeller Judith , Ohme Jakob , Trilling Damian , van de Velde Bob , de Vreese Claes , Welbers Kasper
Published: September 2021

The digital traces that people leave through their use of various online platforms provide tremendous opportunities for studying human behavior. However, the collection of these data is hampered by legal, ethical and technical challenges. We present a framework and tool for collecting these data through a data donation platform where consenting participants can securely submit their digital traces. This approach leverages recent developments in data rights that have given people more control over their own data, such as legislation that now mandates companies to make digital trace data available on request in a machine-readable format. By transparently requesting access to specific parts of this data for clearly communicated academic purposes, the data ownership and privacy of participants is respected and researchers are less dependent on commercial organizations that store this data in proprietary archives. In this paper we outline the general design principles, the current state of the tool, and future development goals.
Development of a strategy for the economic development of an agricultural enterprise using a balanced scorecard
Authors:   Kursk State Agricultural Academy named after I.I. Ivanov, Kursk, Russia, Ustinovich Elena S. , Nikolenko Denis V. ,   Kursk State Agricultural Academy named after I.I. Ivanov, Kursk, Russia
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The paper analyzes the dynamically developing methodology for building balanced scorecard systems in the modern world. The reasons for the relevance of the processes of improving the management approach are considered. The article focuses on the existing problems in this area and assesses the prospects for the implementation of this system at one of the agricultural enterprises of the Kursk region – LLC “NIVA” of the Cheremisinovsky district. The article proposes a scheme for the development and implementation of a system of balanced indicators in the enterprise. On the basis of factor analysis, the influence of these indicators on the dynamics of the financial condition of LLC “NIVA” is investigated. Based on the general analysis, the strengths and weaknesses were identified, which allowed us to outline ways to improve management system for financial condition of the enterprise.
Ecovillage in the «economy of experience» system
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Semin Alexandr N.
Published: September 2021

The article reveals the features of a promising (extraordinary) type of settlements - ecovillages. They are presented as one of the new directions in which not only the “green economy” can develop, but also the “experience economy”. At the same time, the “experience economy”, in turn, is considered as the fourth economic proposal for the client (consumer), along with raw materials, products, services. Specific examples of MVT impressions are given, i.e. value of time in monetary terms spent on impressions.
Export of vegetable oil is the driver of the agro-industrial complex economy
Authors:   A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, branch of Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia, Goncharov Vladimir D. , Koteev Sandzhi V. ,   A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, branch of Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia, Rau Vladimir V. ,   Institute of National Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The growth in the production of vegetable oils in recent years has created an opportunity to increase their exports. Exports in 2020 increased in all major groups of goods that Russia supplies abroad: grain, fat and oil, meat and dairy products, as well as food and processing industry products. Foreign supplies of fat and oil products increased by 12%, to 8.1 million tons, in physical terms and by 22%, to $ 5 billion, in monetary terms. The growth was provided primarily by the export of sunflower oil, of which 3.7 million tons (+ 19%) were shipped for $ 2.8 billion (+ 28%). Sales were particularly strong in the first half of 2020 after a record sunflower harvest in 2019. In 2020, foreign exchange earnings from the export of sunflower and rapeseed oils could have been higher, if not for the restrictive measures taken by the government. Foreign exchange earnings from the export of vegetable oils from Russia can be significantly increased by reducing the sale of oilseeds. At the same time, additional jobs can be created in Russia, and most importantly, the most valuable by-product (meal) will remain to ensure livestock breeding in the country. This requires the modernization of the material and technical base of the processing industry and the restoration of domestic seed production of oilseeds.
Foreign exchange earnings of the countries of the world from international trade in fruit and berry products
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia, Mukhametzyanov Rafail R. , Platonovskiy Nikolay G. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia, Khezhev Akhmed M. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia, Ostapchuk Tatiyana V. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia, Ivantsova Nataliya N. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

In the context of the modern global financial world order, an important element of the stability of the national monetary unit of the overwhelming majority of countries in the world, especially developing countries, is foreign exchange earnings. For some countries with favorable natural and climatic conditions, the production, processing and export of agricultural products plays a significant role in the overall structure of foreign exchange earnings in the country. The constantly increasing demand from consumers for fruits, berries, nuts and their processed products allows economic entities of national fruit and berry subcomplexes to increase the volume of growing and exporting these types of products. This study analyzes the change in the volume of exports and imports of fruit and berry products in value terms for the period 2010-2019. It is revealed that some states, being the largest exporters of fruits, berries, nuts and products of their processing, occupy significant positions in the import of these types of products from abroad. Based on the author’s calculations, the top 30 countries of the world have been compiled in terms of net foreign exchange earnings from international trade in this type of product. According to this indicator, the first line with a level of $ 7.506 billion was occupied by Spain, while it increased it by $ 1.675 billion over 10 years. As for Russia, despite the counter-sanctions against the countries of the European Union and some other countries of the world, as well as the ongoing policy of import substitution, including in domestic gardening, it continues to be one of the main importers of fruits, berries, nuts and their processing products in the world. Thus, our country supports both foreign producers and other commercial structures that carry out the processes of commodity circulation of fruit and berry products, and the receipt of foreign exchange earnings in these powers.
Formation and problems of water resources use in Egypt
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Moscow, Russia, Popova Karolina Yu.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the formation and use of water resources in Egypt, as the most important producer of agricultural products not only in the Middle East, but throughout Africa. The intensification of agricultural production in an arid climate requires an increasing volume of water consumption, which implies, on the one hand, an increase in the water-covered area of artificial origin, and, on the other hand, the introduction of measures to save water and search for sources, first of all, through desalination.
مدى رقابة القضاء على أعمال الضبط الإداري في الظروف العادية والاستثنائية
Authors: علي الدرادكة رامي , عبد المهدي العمري عمر
Published: September 2021

جاءت هذا الدراسة البحثية للحديث عن مسألة الضبط الإداري وما يتضمنه من إجراءات وأعمال تمارسها الإدارة، وبيان مدى ضرورة التزامها بأهداف الضبط الإداري وعدم الخروج عن القواعد العامة فيه، بحيث كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة بيان حدود رقابة القضاء الإداري على أعمال الضبط الإداري في الظروف العادية والاستثنائية. وتحقيقاً للغاية المنشودة فقد تم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، بحيث خلُصت الدراسة في نهاية المطاف إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها، إن هيئات الضبط الإداري وعند ممارستها لأعمالها تلتزم بأهداف الضبط الإداري ووسائله المشروعة والملائمة وتستند إلى أسباب واقعية وحقيقية ترتبط بالنظام العام. كما أوصت هذه الدراسة إدارات الدولة المعنية بوظائف الضبط الإداري بتكثيف البرامج التوعوية لزيادة الوعي والدراية لدى أفرادها، بحيث يكونوا مؤهلين وبكفاءة عالية على القيام بجميع إجراءات الضبط الإداري بكل مهنية واحتراف، وبما لا يخل بأحكام القانون، ويضمن احترام حقوق وحريات الأفراد.
أساليب وأهداف التنظيمات الإرهابية عبر شبكة الإنترنت وتأثيرها على الأمن الدولي
Authors: العايب خيرالدين
Published: September 2021

إن توسع التنظيمات الإرهابية وانتشارها في عصرنا الحالي يشكل معضلة لا تتعلق بمجتمع محدد أو بمنطقة أو بطائفة أو مجموعة عرقية وحدها دون سواها، وإنما تتعلق بجميع دول العالم التي أصبح أمنها واستقرارها تحت طائلة التهديد الإرهابي الأعمى. ولقد أصبحت أساليب التصدي للإرهاب والتعامل معه إحدى أهم قضايا البحث المتعدد الأوجه التي تعنى بها الأجهزة الأمنية والشرطية في المجتمعات المتقدمة والنامية، حيث تتزايد مخاوف الأفراد والشعوب والدول من ظاهرة الإرهاب التي صارت رقعتها تتوسع بصفة مقلقة بفعل الانتشار الواسع للعمليات الإرهابية خلال السنوات الأخيرة عبر مختلف أرجاء الكرة الأرضية، إذ لم يعد الإرهاب يقتصر على أحداث فردية محدودة الزمان والمكان، وإنما بات يشكل ظاهرة بالغة الخطورة تهدد الأمم في أمنها واستقرارها وتعرقل سير الخطط التنموية المختلفة فيها كما تهدد السلم والأمن الدوليين. وتهدف الدراسة إلى الوقوف على أساليب التنظيمات الارهابية وأهدافها من خلال توظيفها التقنية والتكنولوجيا في أعمالها الإرهابية، وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لكونه المنهج الأكثر ملاءمة لمثل هذه الدراسات، وتوصلت إلى أن الإرهاب الإلكتروني نوع من الجرائم الإلكترونية الأكثر خطورة وفتكاً من الإرهاب التقليدي لأنه يوظف التقنيات الدقيقة والأساليب المتطورة التي يصعب على الأجهزة الأمنية والشرطية متابعتها وكشف مرتكبيها، كما أن جرائم الإرهاب الإلكتروني لخطورتها تحتاج إلى تعاون دقيق ومتواصل بين مختلف الأجهزة المعنية في البلد الواحد وبينها وبين نظرائها في بقية دول العالم حتى تتم محاصرة هذه الظاهرة والحد من تأثيراتها التي تهدد أمن واستقرار المجتمع الإنساني. وتوصي الدراسة بوضع تشريعات تلائم هذا النوع من الجرائم المستحدثة وتعزيز التعاون الدولي في هذا الشأن من خلال إبرام الاتفاقيات الثنائية والمتعددة الأطراف وتبادل المعلومات الجنائية بين الدول حول التنظيمات الإرهابية والمجرمين الدوليين.
وسائل الإثبات الإلكترونية أمام القضاء الإداري
Authors: محمد علي الهيلات عدي
Published: September 2021

كانت العلاقات بين الإدارة والأفراد تتم منذ القِدم تقليدياً حتى تم انتشار التكنولوجيا بشكل كبير فلم تعد تستطيع أي دولة أن تتفاداها فأصبحت تنجز بشكل حديث وتحتاج لوسائل بديلة لمواكبة التطورات، وهذا ما طور من مرفق القضاء الذي لم يعد يلتزم فقط بوسائل الإثبات التقليدية التي أصبحت لا تلائم التطور مما دفعه لابتكار وسائل جديدة للإثبات أمامه وهو ما يسمى بالإثبات الإلكتروني ومنها؛ المحررات الإلكترونية والبريد الإلكتروني، وبالتالي عملت التشريعات على تنظيم هذه الوسائل. لذلك سنعرض هذا الموضوع من خلال المحررات الإلكترونية بتعريفها وحجيتها في المبحث الأول، ومن ثم سنبحث في الرسائل الإلكترونية في المبحث الثاني، وأنهينا هذا البحث بمجموعة من النتائج منها؛ توصلنا بأن التشريعات الأردنية والمقارنة قد نصت على أن حجية المحررات الإلكترونية لها نفس قوة وحجية السند الكتابي العادي في الإثبات، شريطة أن يتم حفظها والرجوع إليها في أي وقت دون تغيير، بالإضافة إلى أنها تحدد الشخص الذي تم صدورها عنه، ووضعنا عدة توصيات أهمها؛ نوصي بالعمل على تدريب القضاة الإداريين من خلال عقد دورات في كيفية الاستخدام والتعامل مع التكنولوجيا وخصوصاً في مجال الإثبات الإلكتروني لكونها في الدعوى الإدارية بين طرفين غير متكافئين.
تحديد المسؤولية وأثرها على التوازنات العقدية في عقود التجارة الدولية وعقد البيع أنموذجًا
Authors: عماد فلاح العتوم محمد , فلاح العتوم عماد
Published: September 2021

في هذا البحث المعنون "بتحديد المسؤولية وأثرها على التوازنات العقدية في عقود التجارة الدولية- عقد البيع أنموذجًا"، حاولنا تحديد أثر اشتراط تحديد المسؤولية في عقود التجارة الدولية بإسقاط الأحكام على عقد البيع لكونه أهم العقود التي سعى المشرع الداخلي والدولي لمعالجة أحكامها على مر العصور. وبعد البحث توصلنا بأن شرط تحديد المسؤولية هو شرط جائز من حيث الأصل العام ولا يبطل إلا بنص صريح تطبيقًا لقاعدة "الاستثناء يقدر بقدره ولا يمكن القياس عليه"، وفي الحالة التي ينشأ فيها الشرط صحيحًا فإنه يؤثر على المسؤولية المدنية بحسب موضوعه فيشددها إن كان شرط تشديد ويعفي منها في حال كان الشرط للإعفاء. بينما وجدنا حاجة لإدخال شرط تحديد المسؤولية العقدية ضمن التشريعات الدولية نظرًا لانتشار التجارة الدولية وتوسعها وبصورة تبين حالات منع اشتراط مثل هذا الشرط لمراعاة الاخلال الذي قد يسببه وجوده في بعض عقود التجارة الدولية.
Pathological Electromyogram (EMG) Signal Analysis Parameters
Authors: Debbal S. M.
Published: September 2021

Clinical analysis of the electromyogram is a powerful tool for diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases. There fore, the detection and the analysis of electromyogram signals has he attracted much attention over the years. Several methods based on modern signal Processing techniques such as temporal analysis, spectro-temporel analysis ..., have been investigated for electromyogram signal treatment. However, many of these analysis methods are not highly successful due to their complexity and non-stationarity. The aim of this study is to analyse the EMGs signals using nonlinear analysis. This analysis can provide a wide range of information’s related to the type of signal (normal and pathological).
Ventricular tachycardia?
Authors: Kühn Beatrice
Published: September 2021

A 59-year-old patient presented with “suspicion of ventricular tachycardia” because of “abnormalities in the long-term ECG” (Figure. 1). Cryoablation of the slow path had already taken place beforehand, in the case of slow-fast atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia.
Cornelia De Lange Syndrome in Iraq
Authors: Mosawi Aamir
Published: September 2021

Background: Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare syndrome of highly variable phenotype making a spectrum ranging from classic syndrome with many cardinal features to mild condition few cardinal features. Typically patients with classic syndrome had growth and mental retardation and distinctive facial dysmorphism including thick (bushy) and / or long eyebrows commonly with synophrys, short nose with depressed or concave nasal bridge and/or upturned nasal tip , long or smooth or indistinct philtrum, thin upper lip vermilion and/or downturned corners of mouth, and low set ears. The diagnosis of the syndrome is clinical. Ocular abnormalities that can be associated with Cornelia de Lang syndrome squint, nystagmus, refractive errors, and ptosis. Materials and methods: The occurrence of Cornelia de Lange syndrome has not been reported or well-documented. The first four Iraqi patients (Three boys and one girl) with Cornelia de Lange syndrome are described. The relevant literatures were reviewed with aim of determining the early documentation of the syndrome in the medical literatures. Results: All the patients were sporadic cases and had growth retardation, severe mental retardation with significant developmental delay, thick eye brows with some degree of synophrys, short nose with depressed or concave nasal bridge, and low set ears. All the patients had normal karyotype. One male patient had all of the classical features including long smooth and indistinct philtrum, thin upper lip vermilion, and downturned corners of mouth. The second male patient had a concave nasal bridge that becomes more obvious during crying, nystagmus and bilateral convergent squint. The third boy had milder dysmorphic features. The fourth patient was a girl who was the second of a twin. She had severe growth retardation and was hypotonic with poor head control. She also had bilateral convergent squint, refractive error, and reduction in visual acuity. Conclusion: The first four Iraqi patients with Cornelia de Lang syndrome are reported.
The Child Brain
Authors: Tsibu George
Published: September 2021

The brain is an organ is a part of the central nervous system created for responses and impulse of the movement of charges and information across the whole body.It is the major organ because it is the first portion to start growing immediately the zygote is form after fertilization .The weight of the brain is fully grown when the child reaches 15years.Boy did you fight your way through, that is unheard of,The embryo of male generative fluid is responsible for the characteristic of the kind of brain a child will have,The growing brain is having a shock recognisable in it shell,vast growth occurs in the next Seven month.
Cancer Can Be Cured
Authors: Hague Andrew
Published: September 2021

More than three years ago, I worked out how to cure cancer with the CellSonic VIPP machine [1]. There are no side effects, drugs are not used or needed and the cure is quick, maybe immediate. Since then, hundreds more patients in many countries have been cured with different types of cancers.
Academic Medical Leadership: An Overview of The Emerging Concepts And Ideas
Authors: Al Mosawi Aamir Jalal
Published: September 2021

There has been an overwhelming demand to improve medical practices and services through using evidence-based medicine, and leadership has been increasingly recognized as an important contributory factor to the success of academic medical and healthcare organizations and institutions.
COVID-19 and Liver injury: hepatology perspectives
Authors: Araújo-Filho Irami , Vianna Bocchese Natassia , Gurgel Dávila Noele , Maia Rodrigues Maria Beatriz , Araújo-Neto Irami
Published: September 2021

SARS-CoV-2, a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by Coronavirus 2, discovered in 2019 in China, is responsible for the current pandemic declared by the WHO since March 2020. The clinical syndrome caused by Covid-19 has a broad spectrum of severity. The most common clinical manifestations are fever, dry cough, dyspnea, fatigue, and anosmia. The virus binds to receptors for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ECA2) and serine protease TMPRSS2 for protein S initiation, which are expressed not only in the lungs but also in the liver, colonic, esophageal and biliary epithelial cells. In this context, the liver is a potential target for COVID-19 infection. Liver damage occurs during the course and treatment of viral infection in patients with or without previous liver disease. Therefore, the characteristics of liver injury associated with COVID-19 were reviewed based on research related, in the context of the pandemic.
COVID-19 and Nervous System: underestimated clinical and prognostic aspects
Authors: Filho Irami
Published: September 2021

The coronavirus pandemic transformed the world abruptly due to the speed of transmission and high morbidity and mortality. Many deaths have been quantified, and the scientific community intensifies the search for molecular targets, protein sequences and polymorphisms on SARS-CoV-2, to improve the clinical evolution and survival of patients. Initially, COVID-19 was described with respiratory changes, flu, and fever. With the spread of the disease, clinical manifestations were observed in other organ systems, still unknown. In this sense, the present study describes the main neurological changes and laboratory findings. The literature review was identified in the central databases: Scielo, Google Scholar, PubMed / MedLine, Embase, and Cochrane Database. Twenty-five articles related to the theme were chosen, including reviews, case series, cohort, and retrospective studies. Neurological manifestations were predominantly anosmia/hyposmia, dysgeusia, ataxia, and seizures. According to the latest published studies, attention must be paid to isolated initial neurological events.
A Review of Adverse Effects of Targeted Temperature Management for Post-cardiac Arrest Patients
Authors: Ranasinghe Leonard
Published: September 2021

Targeted Temperature Management has been the standard of care in post cardiac arrest since 2005. Despite significant advancements since its infancy, and a multitude of studies, discrepancies still exist as to its efficacy. By understanding the associated adverse effects, we can begin to delineate incongruencies to guide future research in order to progress towards a more uniform “high-quality” Targeted Temperature Management. Both anticonvulsant and antiarrhythmic therapy may provide an avenue towards improving Targeted Temperature Management.
Role of topical insulin therapy in amputation stump
Authors: Chittoria Ravi
Published: September 2021

Wound healing is a complex process with overlapping steps of haemostasis, the inflammatory and proliferative phases, remodelling .Any problem with the edge of the wound can be detrimental to healing and may cause delay in wound healing. In this article, we share our experience of using topical insulin therapy for wound bed preparation in non-healing ulcer over the amputation stump.
To understand well on the source of COVID-19: Rhinolophus affinis-2
Authors: Koyunoğlu Cemil
Published: September 2021

At the beginning of the epidemic, most of the research done in Wuhan showed that the first patients worked or visited a seafood market in Wuhan. It was thought to have originated from snakes first, and later studies showed that it has something to do with bats. As the epidemic progresses, this virus infection has been shown to be transmitted from person to person through droplets and by placing hands on the face that come into contact with contaminated floors. The virus can be found in patients' respiratory secretions 1-2 days before the onset of clinical symptoms and two weeks after disease symptoms.
Which is more accurate SARS-CoV + MERS-CoV = SARS-CoV2 or SARS-CoV + MERS-CoV = MERS-CoV2?
Authors: Koyunoğlu Cemil
Published: September 2021

The functions of existing proteins are explained based on the proteins of previously known coronaviruses. While the role of most non-structural proteins in viral replication has been defined, the role of some is still not fully explained. Four structural proteins have an essential role in combining virion and being a target for coronavirus infection pathogenesis and drug development.
The Genotoxic Effect of Interventional Cardiac Radiologic Procedures on Human Chromosomes
Authors: Demirhan Osman
Published: September 2021

In recent years, an important part of the ionizing radiation (IR) that human have been exposed for diagnostic purposes are interventional radiologic procedures. The X-rays and contrast media are used in angiography. The patients and staff members are exposed to X-ray during these procedures. While it is known that X-rays cause DNA damage and carcinogenesis, the effect of the contrast agent is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of X-rays and contrast agent on chromosomes of human patients. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 50 patients (30 males, 20 females, ages between 38-75 years). Chromosome analysis of peripheral lymphocytes in 50 patients were performed at 3 different periods; before the interventional radiologic procedure, 24 hours and 1-3 months after the procedure. Also, chromosome analysis was performed on 17 staff members working during interventional radiological procedures to investigate the effect of X-rays. Standard cytogenetic analysis techniques were used for this study. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) was significantly higher in patients 24 hours after the interventional radiologic procedures than pretreatment (p=0,000). At the same time, CAs after 24 hours compared with those taken 1-3 months later, shown that the CAs were significantly reduced after 1-3 months (p=0,000). We also found that the frequency of CAs was also statistically higher in patients exposed to high radiation doses (p=0,042). Compared with the control group (n=30), CAs were found significantly higher in workers exposed to radiation. Our findings have shown that X-rays and contrast agents that used in interventional radiological cause chromosomal damage. For this reason, the dose of radiation to be given to the patient must be carefully selected. Due to the potentially high genetic damage of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), the type and amount of medication to be given and the frequency of radiological diagnostic procedures to be performed should be meticulously adjusted.
Primary Healthcare on Utilization of Insecticide Treated Nets among Pregnant Mothers and Carers of Children in South –South Nigeria
Authors: Odoko Joseph
Published: September 2021

One of the strategies of Primary Health Care (PHC) is the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) against malaria among pregnant mothers and care givers of children under five years. The agency for PHC in Nigeria is the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA). The objective of this narrative review is to identify the role of PHC providers in promoting the use of ITNs among pregnant mothers and care givers of children under five years. Method was by review of 30 published literatures on PHC; as it relates to use of ITNs. Findings indicate that most pregnant mothers and care-givers of children under five years in Nigeria are aware that the best option to prevent malaria infection is by use of ITNs. Healthcare providers participate in mass distribution of ITNs. There is increase nets ownership in households. Supervisory guidance influences use of ITNs. However, there is evidence of slow uptake of ITNs due to resistance to behavioural change. Also, the knowledge of pregnant women concerning ITNs use was good, but the attitudes and practices were poor. The implication is that health promotion need to be enhanced among both PHC workers and community leaders on use of ITNs. Primary healthcare workers may need to be motivated to do their job in terms of promoting the use of ITNs among pregnant mothers and carers of children under five years.