bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physico-Chemical Investigations on Catalytic Mechanism (X). On the Reaction Products in the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. Experimental Series II (6)
Authors: Hamai Senzo
Published: July 2006

(1) The results of the distillation analysis of the products have been graphically presented in the volume percent against each constituent and correlated.

(2) The physico-chemical properties such as refractive index, specific gravity, apparent molecular weight and the elementary analysis of the products along with experimental conditions and the catalyst used have been tabulated.

(3) As regards the effects of the catalyst composition on the nature and the composition of the products, we may posibly state that there is practically no definite conclusion, however, a slight variation may be found, as far as these series of data and the catalyst are concerned.
Hydrocarbon Conversion with Special Reference to the Thermodynamical Calculations for the Isomerization Reactions. I
Authors: Hamai Senzo
Published: July 2006

(1) In order to grasp the general trend of isomerization reactions of saturated hydrocarbons, the free energy equations, as a function of temperature convenient for practical calculations, are derived based on one of the more recent data available.

(2) Making use of these derived simple free energy equations, ΔF’s at 0°, 25°, 100°, 200° and 300°C. are computed and tabulated and compared with those of other sources.

(3) The free energy equations of some of the useful reactions such as the formation of neohexane by alkylation, and the formation of isooctane by the coupling reaction of isobutene and isobutane are derived and ΔF’s are calculated.

(4) Discussions in connection with these thermodynamical calculations for iso？erization reactions are presented.

(5) Discussions of the isomerization in connection with so-called “Bond Free Energy Equation” of Bruins and Czarnecki are presented.

(6) In general, isomerization reactions of hydrocarbons, with few exceptions, are favoured thermodynamically at a lower temperature.

(7) Isomerization reactions from simpler structures to more complicated and branched compounds are favoured thermodynamically, more or less, at a lower tem？erature.

(8) In the isomerization reactions of di- or tri-methylated compounds involving merely an exchange of the position of the carbon to which methyl or ethyl groups are attached, a structure which is more non-symmetrical favours the isomerization thermo？ynamically at a higher temperature.

(9) Free energy changes involved in the isomerization reactions are of small magnitude as compared with those of ordinary chemical reactions.

(10) The errors involved in the data of the free energy changes of isomerization often amount to a magnitude as big as the free energy change itself. Hence in the selection of data for such calculations, much caution should be taken into consideration.
Studies on the Equilibrium between Dilute Solution and Solute Vapour. I. Measurement of the Condensation Coefficient (α) of Solute Vapour at the Liquid Surface of Solvents
Authors: Uhara Ituro
Published: July 2006

(1) The condensation coefficient (α) of iodine and other easily analysable vapours at the surface of various solvents were measured by newly deviced method. The orders of the magnitude of them are 10−3∼10−5 at room temperature.

(2) A solubility formula including α was derived kinetically, in which the effects of surface adsorption and compound formation were taken into considerations, and an explanation of the mechanism of evaporation and dissolution was tried by comparing with solubility data.
Studies on Nickel and Cobalt in Arsenopyrites. I. Estimation and Determination of Cobalt in Some Arsenopyrites
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki
Published: July 2006

Nitroso-R-salt method has been investigated for the purpose of determining a minute quantity of cobalt in minerals. In some previous papers it was reported that the method is very satisfactory for determining cobalt in plants, soils and animal nutritions. In this study it has been proved thát the method is also fairly satisfactory for determining cobalt in minerals containing a large amount of iron.

Cobalt content of some arsenopyrites has been determined by this colorimetric or the gravimetric method. The result shows that all the samples contain a minute or fairly large quantity of cobalt. However, the problem in what form cobalt is contained in these samples remains for the subsequent studies.
The Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Viscosity by Use of the Rigid Elastic Sphere Model. I. The Viscosity Coefficient of Gaseous Helium and Neon
Authors: Hirota Kozo
Published: July 2006

1)According to the formula of Massay and Mohr, the viscosity cross-section has been calculated quantum-mechanically in more details than they did, using the rigid elastic sphere model.

2) The viscosity coefficients of neon and helium have been calculated over wide temperature ranges, and it has been found that the concordance between theory and experiment is yet insufficient, though it is better than the result of the classical method.

3) The agreement has been improved, if the “Sutherland term” is introduced in the formula to take the intermolecular potential in consideration.

4) The criticism of Uehling to Massay and Mohr’s result has been found rather inappropriate, so far as the similar collision is concerned.
A View on the Formation of Heteroboric Acid
Authors: Tsuzuki Yojiro , Hayakawa Iso
Published: July 2006

By observing the effect of boric acid and borax on the optical rotation of gluconates and saccharates, the authors have demonstrated that heteroboric acid can be favourably formed only when one of the reactants is in ionic state. A rational explanation for this conclusion is also presented.
Studies on Synthetic Polyamides, (IV). Solution Viscosity
Authors: Hosino Kôhei
Published: July 2006

1. Flory’s theory on molecular size distribution in linear condensation polymers was applied to linear synthetic polyamides.

2. Viscosities of polyhexamethylene adipamide or polycapramide in m-cresol are expressed by Fickentscher’s equation.

3. The application of the Staudinger viscosity relation to polyamide was discussed.

4. The relations between intrinsic visocisty and “weight average” molecular weight were established experimentally from Flory’s theory and the freezing point depression measurement of phenolic solution.

5. The time dependence of the degree of depolymerization was discussed under the assumption that the rate at which bonds are cut is proportional to the number of uncut bonds in the system.
Studies on Synthetic Polyamide (V). Precipitability and Melt Viscosity
Authors: Hosino K\={o}hei
Published: July 2006

A study of polyamide has been attempted on a series of strictly isochemical linear synthetic polyamide derived from ε-aminocaproic acid.

(1) The polymer molecules have been investigated by “equilibrium” interaction with a non-solvent in solution (precipitability γ), kinetic interaction in a dilute solution (solution viscosity [η]), and kinetic interaction in a condensed polymer phase (melt viscosity μ).

(2) [η]-γ relationship is established experimentally.

(3) μ-T-[η] relationships are established experimentally.
Strongly Radioactive Springs Discovered in Masutomi
Authors: Kuroda Kazuo
Published: July 2006

(1) A number of strongly radioactive springs were discovered in Masutomi, Yamanasi Prefecture.

(2) The radon content of a number of very small springs near spring A8 and A9 at Higurasi-no-huti was measured. On No. 88 day, spring A84 showed a content of 7130 Mache. On the same day the radon content of spring A9 (when the water sample was drawn with an injector from the inner part of the exit of the spring) registered 6870 Mache.

(3) A strongly radioactive spring was discovered in Masutomi on No. 155 day, the radon content of which (spring A49, Dairokuten-no-izumi) is supposed to be always 3000 to 4000 Mache, although values higher than 5000 Mache were obtained at the time the sample was drawn, a small injector used.

(4) The radon, chlorine, carbon dioxide contents, the amount of the flow and the water temperature, of spring A2 were measured daily during the period between No. 74 day and No. 89 day, and the effect of snow on the radon content, together with the chemical composition of the mineral springs was studied. The variation in the radon content of this spring is explained by assuming that the original mineral spring was diluted by thaw water.

(5) The radon content of spring A9 was measured daily during the period between No. 1 day and No. 98 day.

(6) The radon content of spring A9 fluctuated between 1030 and 1900 Mache during this period.

(7) The radon content increases after snow or rain.

(8) The higher the water temperature the higher the radon content

(9) The variation in the chlorine, bicarbonate, and the carbon dio？ide contents were also measured daily during this period.

(10) On No. 136 day, the radon content of spring A9 registered 12000 Mache.

(11) In winter, on very cold and clear days after snow, the radon content is very low in the morning, increases in the day-time with the thawing of the frozen ground, and suddenly diminishes in the evening when the ground freezes again.

(12) The radon content of frozen mineral water was measured.

(13) [Rn/CO2] ratio in the mineral springs of Masutomi was dis？ussed.

(14) It was very difficult ascertain any marked relation between the variations in the radon content of the mineral springs of Masutomi and the small earthquakes that occurred in Yamanasi Prefecture, during the period of this investigation.

(15) The total analyses of spring A9 and spring A49 were intended.

(16) A general survey of our investigation into the minute constituents of the mineral springs of Masutomi was made.

(17) The chemical composition of the sinter of spring A6 is des？ribed.
THE SORPTION OF GAS BY CHARCOAL AS A DISSOLUTION PHENOMENON
Authors: Sameshima Jitsusaburo
Published: July 2006

1. The velocities of absorptions of carbon dioxide by the granular and the powder charcoals have been measured.

2. The velocity of absorption by the granular charcoal is smaller than that by the powder one.

3. It was confirmed that the absorption amounts by the granular and by the powder charcoal are the same.

4. The solubility of carbon dioxide in one gram of pure cane sugar charcoal at 25.0° and under 760 mm. has been determined to be 54.0 c.c. (N.T.P.).

5. The amounts of absorptions of carbon dioxide by various kinds of charcoals have been measured. Most of them absorb nearly equal amount of the gas, notwithstanding the divergence of the materials from which the charcoals were made.

6. The amounts of absorptions of carbon dioxide by bamboo charcoal at various temperatures and pressures have been measured.

7. The fact that the amorphous substance absorbs more gas than the crystalline one has been interpreted.

8. All of the facts mentioned above favoured the dissolution theory for the sorption of gas by charcoal.
THE ACTIVITY OF PHENOL IN AQUEOUS SALT SOLUTIONS
Authors: Endo Kwantaro
Published: July 2006

1. From the measurements on the partition of phenol between benzene and the aqueous solutions of neutral salts, it has been found that the following logarithmic law practically holds,

(Remark: Graphics omitted.)

Applying this to the equation of the chemical potential of phenol it becomes

(Remark: Graphics omitted.)

We have also obtained an equation of phenol distribution between benzene and water in the presence of neutral salts at 25°C:

B=2.272×10βSC+37.71×103βSC3.

2. From the measurements of the freezing points of the aqueous phenol solutions in the presence of a neutral salt, it has qualitatively been proved that the chemical potential of phenol can be expressed in the following formula,

X=Z0+αS+RTlnC

and the activity coefficient of phenol is, therefore, to be expressed as

(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
THE FORMATION OF A COMPLEX ION IN THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF SILVER NITRATE AND PHENOL
Authors: Endo Kwantaro
Published: July 2006

1. From the measurement of partition of phenol between benzene and the aqueous solution of silver nitrate, it was found that the silver nitrate elevates considerably the solubility of phenol in the aqueous solution contrary to the salting out effects of other ordinary salts.

2. From the measurements of the depression of freezing point of the aqueous solutions of these substances, it has been proved that the “salting in” action of silver nitrate is due to the formation of a complex ion, [Ag.C6H6O]., in the aqueous solution and the chemical equilibrium, Ag^.+C_6H_5OH=[Ag.C_6H_6O]^., is established there.
THE EFFECT OF CAUSTIC ALKALI ON THE OXIDATION OF STANNOUS CHLORIDE WITH AIR
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu
Published: July 2006

(1) The oxidation velocity of stannous chloride in alkaline solutions with air was studied. It was found to be the same as that of sodium sulphite when the concentration of alkali is greater than about 0.2 normal under the given condition.

(2) The effect of temperature was small.

(3) The dissolution velocity of oxygen in alkaline solutions was calculated indirectly.
THE VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS ABOVE THEIR BOILING POINTS. PART IV
Authors: Titani Toshizo
Published: July 2006

1. The constant B, the effective molecular volume, is additive.

2. The respective constant in the volume and temperature relations becomes independent of the nature of the substance when it is expressed in reduced form.

3. From the volume and temperature relations of the molecular fluidity the reduced equations of the following form have been obtained.

(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
SPECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF HYDROXYAZO-COMPOUNDS. PART IV
Authors: Uemura Taku , Tabei Shozo
Published: July 2006

(1) Tautomeric transformations may occur when the neutral solution of these tolueneazo-cresols change into the alkaline.

(2) The dilute neutral solution of these compounds is generally yellow and becomes deep yellow or orange when the solution is alkaline.

(3) We can respectively give A(azo)- and R(red)-forms to these tautomers.

(4) There is one absorption band when hydroxyl-group in cresol ring takes para-position with regard to the azo-group, and two bands when ortho-position.

(5) The methyl-group has a hyperchromic influence, but when added to an already methylated compound, it ceases to be effective in the absorption curve.

(6) So far as the present studies are concerned, the methyl-group does not specially represent its influence with regard to the position.
THE EFFECT OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID ON THE OXIDATION OF STANNOUS CHLORIDE WITH AIR
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu
Published: July 2006

1. The oxidation velocity of stannous chloride in hydrochloric acid with air was studied. When the concentration of hydrochloric acid is smaller than about 0.25 normal, the reaction seems to be between first and zero order. When the concentration of hydrochloric acid is greater than about 0.25 normal, the velocity is independent of the concentration of stannous chloride.

2. The effect of temperature is small.

3. The dissolution velocity of oxygen into hydrochloric acid of various concentrations was obtained indirectly.
THE EFFECT OF ALKALI ON THE OXIDATION OF FERROUS HYDROXIDE WITH AIR
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu
Published: July 2006

The velocity of the oxidation of ferrous hydroxide with air was found to be independent of the quantity of ferrous hydroxide in a definite volume.

The effect of temperature on the reaction was small.

Caustic alkali does not promote the oxidation, and on the contrary, it decreases the velocity of oxidation, notwithstanding the reducing power of ferrous hydroxide increases with the increase of the concentration of alkali. From this result, we may suppose that the increase of the velocity of oxidation of carbohydrates or nickelous hydroxide by the addition of caustic alkali is not due to the increase of the velocity of primary reaction.
On the Color Reaction Between Iodine and the Basic Acetates of Some Rare Earth Elements
Authors: Kimura Kenjiro , Ikeda Nagao
Published: July 2006

(1) The color reaction between iodine and basic acetate is not, as is often believed, peculiar to lanthanum. It is shown also by praseodymium, neodymium and samarium.

(2) The absorption maximum of iodine-basic acetate shifts to shorter wave-length side with the decrease of the basicity of the rare earth elements.

(3) The color change of iodine-basic acetate with the lapse of time was studied photometrically.

(4) It was confirmed that the sorption isotherm holds good in the cases of the basic acetates of lanthanum, praseodymium and neodymium.

(5) The effect of other ions on the color reaction was discussed.
Studies on Synthetic Polyamides (VI) Dimeric ε-Caprolactam
Authors: Hoshino Kôhei
Published: July 2006

The fluffy sublimate (m. p. 341–342°), byproduct of the polymerization of ε-caprolactam, is shown to be neutral cyclic dimeric capramide (IV) (a 14-membered ring compound).
Synthesis of Adiponitrile from Tetrahydrofurane
Authors: Katuno Masaharu
Published: July 2006

The synthesis of adiponitrile and adipic acid from tetrahydrofurane, which was obtained from furfural, has been attempted, according to the following schema:

(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
Malhelpa Afiniteco de Benzedrino-Deriva\^{j}oj al Amino-oksidazo
Authors: Ôta Jukito
Published: July 2006

(1) The competitive inhibitation of benzedrine and similar compounds upon amine oxidase was manometricalJy studied.

(2) The relation between the inhibiting action and the constitution of these amines was discussed.
The Theory of the Rubber-like Elasticity in Monolayers
Authors: Suzuki Keiz\={o}
Published: July 2006

A discussion is made on the structure of the monolayer of the rubber-like highpolymer, and the equation of state is derived from the statistical theory. The extraordinarily large compressibility and the inverse temperature effect observed in the experiment are explained to be the expressions of the rubber-like elasticity. The theory is not a simple translation of the 3-dimensional theory to the 2-dimensional one.
The Reaction of Aluminum Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate. I. Preparation of Basic Aluminum Sulfate Sol and its Hydrolysis
Authors: Kuwata Tsutomu , Nakazawa Tadahisa
Published: July 2006

1. By the moderate reaction of calcium carbonate and the concentrated solution of aluminum sulfate, highly basic aluminum sulfate sol is easily obtained.

2. Some kinds of the basic aluminum sulfate sol become gel on heating and the sol-gel transformation is perfectly reversible at the neighbourhood of 40-50°C.

3. On dilution with water, the highly basic aluminum sulfate (SO3/Al2O3=1.1–1.6) hydrolyses and precipitates the insoluble basic aluminum sulfate (SO3/Al2O3=0.5–0.6).
Fungus and Enzyme. Preparation of Aspergillus Oryzae Amylase
Authors: Harada Taichi
Published: July 2006

1. The influence of inorganic salts upon the precipitation of amylase with alcohol under given conditions has been studied.

2. The preparation of dry amylase without alcohol for oral purpose has been described.
Fundamental Studies on the Current-Voltage Curve in Polarography. II
Authors: Tamamushi Reita , Tanaka Nobuyuki
Published: July 2006

In this paper authors have derived the equations of the polarographic current-voltage curve from the standpoint of chemical kinetics, assuming that the net electrode process is activation-controlled. The results obtained are summarized as follows:

(1) Half-wave potential is the constant of the substance concerned, and is independent of its activity.

(2) The potential where the current is equal to zero is only defined by the activities of the oxidant and the reductant in the body of the solution.

(3) The inflection point of the cathodic or anodic wave agrees with its half-wave potential.

(4) The relation between log(I⁄Id–I) and V of the cathodic or anodic wave is a straight line.

The values of ΔF1, ΔF2 and a possible to be caluclated from the experimental date.

(6) The theoretical curve is essentially the same as the experimental curve of the irreversible type.
Studies on Foams. V. The Effect of Electrolytes on Triphenyl Methane Dye Solutions
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki
Published: July 2006

Effects of sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide on the surface tension and foam formation of solutions of crystal violet and brilliant green were measured. By the addition of sodium chloride surface tension decreases and foam formation shows a maximum. In the cases of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, surface tension increases with the decrease of pH. and foam formation shows a maximum at about pH=2. These results were accounted by the change of surface activity of dye ion and the displacement of the equilibrium (micelle) \ightleftarrows (ion).
A New Method of the Graphical Representation of a Quarternary System on a Plane Surface
Authors: Tanaka Yasuo
Published: July 2006

A new method of representing the phase equilibrium of a quarternary system under a constant temperature and pressure on a plane surface has been proposed. The method is to project the three-dimensional space model of the system, axes of which intersect each other at right angles, orthogonally on two of the axual planes. The two projections can represent the complete state of the system, and the treatment of the figure is quite simple and convenient.

The crystallization processes in such a quarternary system have been solved mathematically quite in general, and the application of the present method of graphical representation on the solution of the processes has been illustrated.
Studies on Foams. VI. Theory of Foam Formation
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki
Published: July 2006

Foam formation of aqueous solutions of both alcohols and electrolytes are accounted under the assumption of parallelism between the foam formation and the energy required to remove the unit area of adsorption layer from the surface. The maximum observed at the concentration of about 45 % for alcohol solutions are also accounted. The relative relation between some electrolyte solutions is accounted under the assumption that the thickness of adsorption layer increases in the sequence of lyotropic series of anions: Cl−, NO3−<SO4−−<OH−.
Wettability of Solid Surface. IV. Wettability of Palmitic Acid Surface towards Aqueous Salt Solutions
Authors: Inaba Ayako
Published: July 2006

Wettabilities of purified paraffin, crude paraffin, palmitic acid and cetyl alcohol are measured towards aqueous solutions of potassium, calcium, aluminum and thorium salts. It is pointed out that palmitic acid surface becomes remarkably wettable by the contact with aqueous solution of thorium or aluminum salt even in the extreme dilution. Such an increase in wettability can neither be explained simply by ζ-potential change of the palmitic acid surface in those solutions nor overturning of the molecule in surface layer. Alternative explanations are suggested.
An Improved Method of Colorimetric Determination of Vanadium in the Presence of a Relatively Large Amount of Iron
Authors: Murakami Yukio
Published: July 2006

Contrary to the general belief, the author confirmed the presence of iron in the filtrate from the carbonate fusion melt of brown coal ash or rock. The interference leading to lower results due to ferrous iron is more serious than that due to ferric iron as the vanadate ion is reduced to vanadyl when acidified with sulfuric acid. Consequently the oxidizing procedure with potassium permanganate is required to diminish this undesirable effect. If a considerably large amount of iron is present, it is necessary to make a preliminary separation of iron from vanadium in a slightly alkaline medium with oxine and chloroform. Hence the vanadium determination can be carried out following the directions recommended.

The separation method proposed by the author was spectroscopically tested and it was shown that a larger amount of iron can be separated without any trace of vanadium being carried down. However this procedure is not always required and can be eliminated as the quality of the sample to be tested varies.

The interference due to the presence of ferric iron can be reduced to some extent, even when a considerably large amount of iron is present in the solution prepared for the color comparison, by warming it and keeping it on standing for several minutes. Some experiments on the determination of the vanadium content of various samples were also conducted, with the results that the modified method can be used as well with a considerable accuracy.
On Some Applications of the Nakamura-Kuroda Theory of the Sedimentation of Colloid in a Vessel having Inclined Walls
Authors: Katsurai Tominosuke
Published: July 2006

As a result of the application of the Nakamura-Kuroda theory of the sedimentation of colloid in an inclined cylinder it has been shown that the initial sedimentation velocity of colloid increases in a vessel consisting of two cylinders having different radii, the radius of the upper cylinder being smaller than that of the lower one. The amount of the increase is determined by the ratio of the sectional areas of the two cylinders.

The N-K theory has been formally extended in the flotation of emulsion in a centrifugal field, and the design of the de Laval centrifuge has been considered in the light of the results obtained. A feasible, though not quite rigorous, explanation of the consistency of the form of centrifuge has been given.
Fluorometric Microdetermination of Uranium. II. Extraction of Uranium
Authors: Nakanishi Masaki
Published: July 2006

A minute amount of uranium suitable for the fluorometric method of determination is effectively precipitated from the solution together with hydrous ferric oxide as co-precipitator. The efficiency of co-precipitation seems to be nearly perfect for the purpose, and the adsorption and the digestion effect were observed in particular from the analytical standpoint.
Fluorometric Microdetermination of Uranium. III. Isolation of Uranium and Preparation of the Fluorescent Material
Authors: Nakanishi Masaki
Published: July 2006

The procedures to isolate uranium, which is coprecipitated with the iron hydroxide, are related. The minute quantity of uranium obtained is mixed with sodium fluoride and the fluorescent beads for the fluorometric determination are made from the mixture.
Researches on the Polarographic Diffusion Current. II. Distribution of the Depolarizer in the Vicinity of Dropping Mercury Electrode and Some Experimental Verifications of the Revised Equation
Authors: Kambara Tomihito , Tachi Isamu
Published: July 2006

The differential equation representing the distribution of the depolarizer in the vicinity of dropping mercury electrode was integrated and the formula for the polarographic diffusion current was derived, which is identical with the equation obtained, as reported in our previous paper, in another way. Several experimental results were found to be in accordance with this equation; it may be said that our improved theory is not only the denial of the Ilkovic theory but also at the same time inclusive of the old theory.
On the Linear Boundary Energy in Two-Dimensional System
Authors: Akamatu Hideo , Nakagaki Masayuki
Published: July 2006

A definition of the linear boundary tension of the two-dimensional film was conceived, which corresponds to the surface tension in the three-dimensional system. The physical meaning of this conception was investigated according to the classical Gauss theory. A rough estimation of this value was made for the surface film of myristic acid.
Fusion and State Equation of Simple Liquids. II. Critical Data and Fusion Parameters
Authors: Kigoshi Kunihiko
Published: July 2006

The molecular arrangements in liquid state may be characterized by assignement of the number of nearest neighbors on each molecule, and distances between two nearest neighbors. The assumption is made on the distribution of distances r between the two nearest neighbors which does not take a definite value as in the crystalline state but is distributed over the region of [r(1+δ), r(1−δ)]. The partition function and state equation are deduced under these assumptions using proper values of δ expected by X-ray diffraction on liquid argon. The critical constants for a simple liquid are determined which agree well with experimental values. The condition for the equilibrium between liquid and solid crystalline states is obtained on the basic assumptions that the essential differences of liquid and solid states consist in the difference of values of δ and the number of nearest neighbors around each molecule. The calculated melting temperature, volume and entropy inerements by fusion and pressure dependences of these fusion parameters agree well with experimental values.
Analytical Chemistry by Means of Organic Compounds XIV Electrolytic Reduction of Organic Reagents at the Dropping Mercury Cathode and Its Application to Amperometric Titrations — 8-Hydroxyquinoline (1)
Authors: Ishibashi Masayoshi , Fujinaga Taitiro
Published: July 2006

The behavior of electrolytic reduction of oxine at the dropping mercury electrode was discussed. The reduction of oxine in alkaline medium is simple and reversible at the electrode and the possibilities of amperometric titrations with oxine in these mediums were researched.
Studies on the Irreversible Polarographic Wave of Nickel thiocyante Complex
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki
Published: July 2006

The polarographic reduction wave of nickel thiocyanate complex has been studied for the purpose of clarifying the reduction mechanism of the complex. The current-voltage curves of the complex were measured in media of KSCN-KCl and KSCN-KNO3. In the medium of KSCN-KCl, the reduction wave involved the kinetic current as well as the diffusion current, when the concentration of potassium thiocyanate was less than 0.2 M. The relation of log I⁄(Il−I) and V held a straight line, but its slope was not in accord with the value expected from the reversible reduction. From these experimental results and the polarograms obtained with the Kalousek’s method, the reduction of the complex was confirmed to proceed irreversibly at the dropping mercury electrode.

The redaction mechanism of the complex and the number of thiocyanate ions coordinated to the centered metal ion in the supporting electrolytes containing various concentrations of potassium thiocyanate were estimated from these experimental results, when the theoretical consequence for the activation-controlled reduction of the complex ion reported in the previous paper was applied.
Calculations of the Energy Levels of Cycloöctatetraene(C8H8)
Authors: Tanaka Ikuzo , Shida Shoji
Published: July 2006

The energy levels of cycloöctatetraene as D2d and D4d were calculated by the H-L-S-P method. Then we showed that the ground state of C8H8 (D2d and D4d) may be diamagnetic. The resonance energy of C8H8 (D2d and D4d) is about several kilocalories (about ten per cent of that of benzene) from thermochemical data and numerical calculation. The wave length of absorption spectra calculated assuming D2d is in better agreement with the experimental result than that calculated assuming D4d.
Selective Catalysis. The Catalytic Reaction between Acetylene and Hydrogen
Authors: Tamaru Kenzi
Published: July 2006

1) The catalytic hydrogenation of acetylene was investigated by Pd-Alumina under various conditions.

2) The hydrogenation of acetylene proceeds in two distinct steps. The first step consists of the reduction and polymerization of acetylene, and the second step the reduction of ethylene to ethane. The second reaction starts after all of the acetylene is reduced to ethylene, and is indicated by a sudden increase in the rate of hydrogenation.

3) The results indicate that acetylene is strongly adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst and the inhibition of the hydrogenation by acetylene is pronounced.

4) It was found that the final products of the hydrogenation can be made wholly into ethylene or ethane and that the highest yield of ethylene is obtained possibly, when acetylene content is small, by avoiding the polymerization of acetylene.
A Note on the Theory of Solution of Hydrated systems
Authors: Ikeda Toshio
Published: July 2006

(1) Upon taking the hydration into consideration the thermodynamical properties of solutions of electrolytes and non-electrolytes can be well represented over the wide range of concentration.

(2) The values of hydration number of non-electrolytes seem to be related to the configuration of solute molecules. The hydration number was determined for 37 solutes.
Fungus and Enzyme. Preparation of Aspergillus Oryzae Amylase and its Use in Bread Making
Authors: Harada Taichi
Published: July 2006

1. The fungal amylase preparation containing rich proteolytic but poor diastatic enzyme has been prepared by precipitating Koji water extract with the amount of alcohol which gives around fifty to sixty volume percent solution.

2. A strong fungal amylase but very weak proteolytic enzyme preparation has been prepared by fractional precipitation of the filtrate of 1 by adding further alcohol up to seventy percent or over.

3. The possibility of utilizing fungal diastase preparation in the bread making industry has been pointed out.
Fundamental Studies on the Current-Voltage Curve in Polarography. IV.On the Reduction Wave of Organic Compounds—Especially on the Wave which Involves the “ Kinetic Current”
Authors: Tamamushi Reita , Tanaka Nobuyuki
Published: July 2006

Of the oxidation-reduction reaction of organic compounds, the case, in which the undissociated molecule of an organic acid is reduced at the more positive potential than the corresponding dissociated anion and the equilibrium concentration of the reducible form at the electrode surface is kept by the diffusion process and the recombination reaction at the electrode surface, has been taken into consideration. Under such conditions, the general formulae for the polarographic current-voltage curve have been derived, and the special case which involves the “ kinetic current” has been investigated. The theoretical discussions on the limiting current and the shift of the half-wave potential with the change of pH have been carried out. Moreover, the results obtained have been applied to interpret the properties of the wave of pyruvic acid observed by R. Brdicka. A considerably good agreement between the experimental data and the theoretical results has been obtained, and it is probably said that the properties of the various polarographic waves and the mechanism of the electrode process can be investigated by the analogous treatment mentioned above.
Molecular Orbital Treatment of Tropolone
Authors: Kurita Yukio , Kubo Masaji
Published: July 2006

The molecular orbital treatment was carried out on tropolone. The π -electron distribution, interatomic distances, free valence indices and dipole moment were derived. It was found that the dipole moment is very high (second approximation value of π -electron moment = 4.4 D) owing to resonance and lies along a line from the center of the ring to the middle point between two O-atoms with its positive end at the ring and that the resonance energy amounts to about 1.5 times that of benzene in general agreement with experimental results. It was shown that the substitution by electrophilic atoms and groups are most liable to occur at C-atoms 7, 3 and 5.
Heterogeneous Hydrolytic Degradation of Cellulose
Authors: Matsuzaki Kei , Sobue Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

Purified cotton and wood pulp were hydrolyzed in 3.5 N HCl for 4-120 hours at 30°. The hydrolyzed products were nitrated with the mixtures of H3PO4-HNO3-P2O5 at 0° for 6 hours. Acetone solutions of the nitrates were fractionally precipitated with ligroin, and chain length distribution curves were plotted. These curves show no positive proof of the presence of the weak bonds which split 5000 times faster than the usual glucosidic bonds. These are well explained with the submicroscopic structure of cellulose.
Thermal Diffusion Coefficient and its Relation to Ordinary Diffusion Coefficient of Solutions
Authors: Hirota Kozo , Miyashita Isao
Published: July 2006

Theoretical formulas of thermal diffusion coefficient D′ and its relation to ordinary diffusion coefficient D have been derived by applying the activated state method to the solution in which stationary thermal gradient exists. Regarding the solution of small solute molecules, whether it is electrolytic or nonelectrolytic, the agreement with experimental result is good, while, regarding the solution of large solute molecule or molten salt, the discreparcy amounts to one order of magnitude.
Conductometric Titration of Cation Exchange Resins
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka , Inaba Ayako
Published: July 2006

Cation exchange resins in H-form each having only one kind of exchange group were titrated with sodium hydroxide solution conductometrically. The results were analysed, and exchange capacity and tendency of each exchange group were determined. A mixture of two resins, each having one kind of exchange group was titrated. The analysis of the results gave adsorption values which agree well with that expected from the determination for the separate resin. From the titration results for more complex cation exchange resins the number of the sorts of exchange groups was estimated and each group was identified.
Studies on the Magnetic Dichroism of Dye-Gelatin Films. IV. Confirmation of Photomagnetism by means of Magnetic Dichroism in Dye-Gelatin Films Excited by Light
Authors: Yamamoto Daijiro
Published: July 2006

The Differences which appeared in the magnetic dichroism-time relations of dye-gelatin films by excitation of light were discussed under assumption of photomagnetism effect. Results obtained are to some extent in good accordance with experimental results qualitatively. The author, however, can not decide that this effect is entirely due to the photomagnetism. It will be valid, to some extent, to regard the effect to be due to photomagnetism.
Synthetic Studies on Thiothreonines. II
Authors: Kinoshita Mitsuhiro , Umezawa Sumio
Published: July 2006

(1) Chlorination of Dl-N-benzoylallothreonine ethyl ester with thionyl chlodide in benzene in the presence of pyridine gave the lower-melting isomer of ethyl-Dl-α-benzamido-β-chlorobutyrate, m. p. 84.5-86.5°, in a yield of 57%. On the other hand, chlorination with phosphorus pentachloride in chloroform gave the higher-melting isomer, m. p. 99-100°.

(2) Two isomers of α-benzamido-β-benzylmercaptobutyric acid (derivatives of thiothreonine A and B) were synthesised. The chlorine atom of ethyl Dl-α-benzamido-β-chlorobutyrate could be replaced by a sulfhydryl group by the action of benzyl mercaptan. A remarkable effect of different solvents on this replacement reaction was described.
Research on Activation Energy. III. On Activation Energy for the Adsorption of Hydrogen on Reduced Copper
Authors: Kume Sanshiro , Otozai Kiyoteru
Published: July 2006

The activation energy for the activated adsorption of hydrogen on copper metal has been calculated by the use of the empirical rule previously proposed. The calculated value 19.4 kcal./mole agrees very well with the observed value 20 kcal./mole of T. Kwan. It has been concluded that hydrogen will be adsorbed more quickly on the surfaces (110) and (111) than on the surface (100) of copper crystal.
Studies on Monomolecular Films. IX. The Effect of Dissolved Dyes on the Monolayer of Stearic Acid
Authors: Matuura Ryôhei
Published: July 2006

The interaction between the dyes dissolved in water and the monolayer of stearic acid spread on it was studied and discussed. It was shown that a remarkable expansion of the monolayer of stearic acid in the presence of phloxine and congo red was explained chiefly by the van der Waals adsorption, while that in the presence of basic dyes was explained chiefly by the ionic interaction. It was suggested that the interaction between basic dyes and stearic acid was analogous in some respects to the formation of soaps of such metals as thorium, aluminum, etc.
Fluorometric Microdetermination of Uranium. IV. Measurement of the Fluorescence Intensity and Determination of the Uranium Content in Natural Substances
Authors: Nakanishi Masaki
Published: July 2006

Details of the methods of measuring the relative intensity of the fluorescence were described, in which the photographic spectral photometry and the visual observation method were related.

Several examples of uranium contents in rocks and sinter deposits determined by this method are treated from the geochemical interest.
Dipole Moments of Halogen-Derivatives of Hinokitiol
Authors: Kurita Yukio , Nozoe Tetsuo , Kubo Masaji
Published: July 2006

The dipole moments of halogen-derivatives of hinokitiol (4-isopropylcyc]oheptatriene-2,4, 6-ol-2-one-1) were measured in benzene solution at 25°. The values obtained are: β-monobromohinokitiol (3-bromo-), 4.40 D; α-monochlorohinokitiol (5-chloro-), 2.70 D; β-monochlorohinokitiol (7-chloro-), 4.38 D; γ-monochlorohinokitiol (3-chloro-), 4.74 D; α-dichlorohinokitiol (3,7-dichloro-), 4.46 D. By analysing the results obtained, the position of substituents in the halogenated hinokitiols were determined and are given immediately after each name of these compounds in parentheses.
The Structure of Surface-Denatured Protein. IV. The Molecular Weight, Surface Area and Shape of the Surface-Denatured Hemoglobin Molecule
Authors: Imahori Kazutomo
Published: July 2006

1. The molecular weight of the surface denatured hemoglobin is calculated from the FA-F curve, to be about 35,000, which shows that the hemoglobin molecule splits into two pieces by surface denaturation at pH=6.

2. From the compressibility data, and surface denatured hemglobin molecule is considered to cover about 3065 Å.2 of area.

3. The ratio of two axes is obtained by the surface diffusion experiment to be 1.12.

4. The thickness of the molecule is determined to be 19 Å. by the optical method, and the surface-denatured hemoglobin molecule is considered to be a perfectly circular disk, the radius of which is about 30 Å. and the thickness about 19 Å.
Dipole Moments of Some Hydroxyl Compounds
Authors: Higasi Keniti
Published: July 2006

Dipole moments of cresols, chlorophenols and nitrophenols were measured in toluene at 0°, 25°, 50° and 75°C. They are found to be in general agreement with the corresponding values measured in benzene. Further, factors which may affect the moment are considered in detail. As a connected topic it is shown that some anomalies of hydroxyl compound in ether are explainable by the hypothesis of hydrogen bond formation with the solvent.
Wettability of Solid Surface. V. The Effect of Metallic Cations on Wettability of Stearic Acid
Authors: Inaba Ayako
Published: July 2006

The effect of the solution of various metallic ions at varying pH upon the wettability of stearic acid surface has been studied. These ions are adsorbed by stearic acid surface in characteristic pH region and are classified into the following three groups, according to their effects on wettability.

(1) (Remark: Graphics omitted.)

(2) (Remark: Graphics omitted.)

(3) (Remark: Graphics omitted.)

The classification has been based upon the structural characteristics of the ions, especially the co-ordination tendency of the ions. The theory of overturning of molecules in surface layer is also one of the probable supports of these opinions.
On the Properties of 1-Thiol-benzthiazole Derivatives as Photographic Addition Agents
Authors: Oh-Yama Yasushi
Published: July 2006

S-Alkyl-(I) and N-alkyl-derivatives (II) of 1-thiol-benzthiazole are prepared and tested as additions for silver chloride emulsions, and compared with previously reported S-alkylderivatives (III) of 2-thiol-benzimidazole. Properties of these substances as additions may differ according to alkyl radicals substituted, positions of substitution and their parent substances.

(1) Most of these compounds (I, II and III) show blue-black developing property which can not be seen in parent substances. This effect is the weakest in (I) and the strongest in (II), and as a whole, being the substituent methyl, ethyl or allyl, its activity rises in turn. Benzyl derivatives of them are almost inactive and carboxymethyl derivatives of (I) and (III) are inactive.

(2) As for the fog-preventing property, (II) and (III) have greater activity and increase activity as the number of carbon atoms in the substituent increases. (I) is not so active as (II) or (III) regardless of its substituents.

(3) It is remrakable that (II) has somewhat sensitizing property added in emulsion, and accelerate the development when both (I) and (III) retard it.

(4) The similarity of actions of (I) and (III) lies in parallel with the resemblance of their chemical constitution, but (I) is inferior to (III) in those properties which are supposed to be due to the imino group in the imidazole ring, as fog-preventing action.

(5) The considerable difference between (I) and (II) which is the influence of the same substituent in different position of the molecule, is supposed to be attributable to the change of the constitution of the sulfur atom of thio-ether type to more reactive thio-keto type. The sensitizing, fog-preventing or development-accelerating action of the latter is supposed to be intimately related to the complex forming character of this thio-keto group with silver or silver salts.
Fungus and Enzyme Preparation of Aspergillus Oryzae Amylase and its Use
Authors: Harada Taichi
Published: July 2006

The liquefaction of starch by means of electrolytes and of amylase preparations of various origins has been studied by the viscosity method. It appears that the presence of NaCl is necessary for the liquefaction of starch paste by pancreatic one. Nevertheless, for other enzymes, NaCl is not essential for the liquefaction but the presence of NaCl accelerates greatly the enzymatic action.

The maximum activation appears at about 0.01 percent cocentration. The relation between various salts and viscosity of starch solution has been also studied.
On the Nature of Built-up Film. II. Deposition of Monolayer of Stearic Acid from Surface of Water Containing Copper, Aluminum, and Thorium Ions
Authors: Muramatsu Mitsuo , Sasaki Tunetaka
Published: July 2006

Monolayer of siearic acid spread on water containing copper, aluminum, and thorium ions, has been transferred onto solid surface, and the apparent thickness of monolayer as well as its wettability towards water after the treatment with or without aqueous solution of salts were measured. Tentative explanations for these phenomena are given, taking into account of a macromolecular structure of aluminum soap.
Monolayers of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids. II. α-Aromatic Substituted Fatty Acids
Authors: Izawa Masami
Published: July 2006

(1) Force-area relations for 2-phenyl-, 2-(α-naphthyl)-, 2-benzyl- and 2-(α-naphthomethyl)-n-fatty acids have been investigated.

(2) Force-area curves are characteristic to each of the four series, showing that the length of alkyl chains in the molecules has only a minor effect upon the curves.

(3) Influence of pH on the force-area curves, so far examined, is shown to be similar to other fatty acids.

(4) It was concluded that the aromatic ring in the α-position of the fatty acids has such an orientation that the plane of the aromatic ring is placed perpendicular to the water surface.

(5) Film properties seem to have no direct relation to the antibacterial activity of these compounds, and some of the regularities for the activity are discussed.
Seasonal Variations of Minor Chemical Constituents in the Waters of the Zunan-Kuroshio Region. I. On Nitrogen-phosphorus Content Ratio with the Behaviors of Nitrate and Phosphate
Authors: Fukai Rinnosuke
Published: July 2006

Data of nitrate and phosphate detrminations have been selected from those of the ZunanKuroshio observations which were made from January, 1950 to February, 1951, and their seasonal variations were investigated with reference to N/P ratio.

As a result, it was proved that no change was recognised in deep layers (400-800 m.) at Station 6 (in the main current of the Kuroshio) throughout the period, but deviations from Cooper’s normal ratio were found in surface and subsurface layers. The cause of these deviations may partly be due to the decomposition processes of dead marine organisms.