bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KHẢ NĂNG CHẮN CÁT VÀ CẢI TẠO ĐẤT CỦA CÁC ĐAI RỪNG PHÒNG HỘ TRÊN VÙNG CÁT VEN BIỂN Ở XÃ ĐIỀN HÒA VÀ ĐIỀN HƯƠNG, HUYỆN PHONG ĐIỀN, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Thị Phương Anh Ngô , Quang Vĩnh Lê , Duy Phong Nguyễn , Dương Xô Việt Hoàng , Thị Phương Thảo Phạm
Published: June 2020

Kết quả nghiên cứu đã cho thấy các đai rừng đều có khả năng phòng hộ chắn cát khá tốt. Độ cao cát bốc, cát lấp có sự sai khác nhau rõ rệt giữa các vị trí trước đai 5H, sau đai 10H và 20H so với trong đai rừng. Mức độ cát di động (cát bốc) xảy ra chủ yếu phía trước đai rừng 5H, còn ở trong đai rừng hiện tượng cát vùi lấp (cát lấp) xảy ra mạnh và sau đó hiện tượng này xảy ra rất ít ở phía sau đai rừng 10H, 20H. Bên cạnh đó, kết quả nghiên cứu cũng đã xác định đất ở các đai rừng thuộc loại trung tính, có pH ít biến động (pH = 6,5 - 7,2) và không khác biệt so với ngoài đất trống. Lượng vật rơi rụng trong các đai rừng nghiên cứu là khá nhiều, đủ phủ kín bề mặt đất. Độ ẩm đất ở trong rừng cao hơn nhiều so với độ ẩm đất đo được ở vị trí trước đai rừng 5H và sau đai rừng 10H, 20H. Ngược lại, nhiệt độ đất và độ sâu xuất hiện mạch nước ngầm ở trong các đai rừng thường thấp hơn ngoài đất trống (trước đai 5H, sau đai 10H và 20H).
Apresentação
Authors: Martins Marco Antonio Rocha , Magalhães José , Agostinho Ana Lívia
Published: June 2020

Apresentação - Número Especial
Subpredicação e Small Clause na sintaxe mais simples: um caso de não-uniformidade na interface
Authors: Miliorini Rafaela , Moura Heronides
Published: June 2020

Esta pesquisa analisa o fenômeno semântico da subpredicação a partir da Teoria da Sintaxe mais Simples (SMS) (CULICOVER; JACKENDOFF, 2005). Nessa abordagem, uma vez que a semântica é gerada paralelamente, é proposta a não-uniformidade de interface como opção de economia teórica: a estrutura sintática é reduzida, projetando somente os itens pronunciados. Analisamos sentenças com verbos que selecionam subpredicação e aplicamos testes de constituência para verificar em quais casos esses verbos licenciam um único constituinte sintático como complemento. Nos casos em que é atestada a formação de constituinte, a subpredicação é projetada sintaticamente como uma small clause (SC); nos demais, a relação de predicação ocorre diretamente com o verbo e não é formada uma SC – para esses verbos, a representação sintática é semelhante à projeção de verbos triargumentais. Os resultados mostraram que muitos verbos tradicionalmente considerados selecionadores de SC não o são, embora estabeleçam relação de subpredicação no nível semântico.
The Heritage Turn in China
Authors: Ludwig Carol , Walton Linda , Wang Yi-Wen , Graezer Bideau Florence , Guo Yingjie , Bayer Kristin , Wertmann Patrick , K.K.Ng Kenny , Law Andrew , Svensson Marina , Lawson Joseph , O’Brien David , Shani Brown Melissa
Published: June 2020

The Heritage Turn in China: The Reinvention, Dissemination and Consumption of Heritage focuses on heritage discourse and practice in China today as it has evolved from the ‘heritage turn’ that can be dated to the 1990s. Using a variety of disciplinary approaches to regionally and topically diverse case studies, the contributors to this edited volume show how particular versions of the past are selected, (re)invented, disseminated and consumed for contemporary purposes. These studies explore how the Chinese state utilises heritage not only for tourism, entertainment, educational and commercial purposes, but also as part of broader political strategies on both the national and international stage. Together, they argue that the Chinese state deploys modes of heritage governance to construct new modernities while strengthening collective national identity in support of both its political legitimacy and its claim to status as an international superpower. The authors also consider ways in which state management of heritage is contested by some stakeholders whose embrace of heritage has a different purpose and meaning.
Effects of a priori profile shape assumptions on comparisons between satellite NO2 columns and model simulations
Authors: Cooper Matthew J. , Martin Randall V. , Henze Daven K. , Jones Dylan B. A.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A critical step in satellite retrievals of trace gas columns is the
calculation of the air mass factor (AMF) used to convert observed slant
columns to vertical columns. This calculation requires a priori information on the
shape of the vertical profile. As a result, comparisons between
satellite-retrieved and model-simulated column abundances are influenced by
the a priori profile shape. We examine how differences between the shape of the simulated and a priori profiles can impact the interpretation of satellite retrievals
by performing an adjoint-based four-dimensional
variational (4D-Var) assimilation of synthetic NO2
observations for constraining NOx emissions. We use the GEOS-Chem
adjoint model to perform assimilations using a variety of AMFs to examine
how a posteriori emission estimates are affected if the AMF is calculated using an a priori shape
factor that is inconsistent with the simulated profile. In these tests, an
inconsistent a priori shape factor increased root mean square errors in a posteriori emission
estimates by up to 30 % for realistic conditions over polluted regions. As
the difference between the simulated profile shape and the a priori profile shape
increases, so do the corresponding assimilated emission errors. This reveals
the importance of using simulated profile information for AMF calculations
when comparing that simulated output to satellite-retrieved columns.
Importance of gas-particle partitioning of ammonia in haze formation in the rural agricultural environment
Authors: Xu Jian , Chen Jia , Zhao Na , Wang Guochen , Yu Guangyuan , Li Hao , Huo Juntao , Lin Yanfen , Fu Qingyan , Guo Hongyu , Deng Congrui , Lee Shan-Hu , Chen Jianmin , Huang Kan
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Ammonia in the atmosphere is essential for the formation
of fine particles that impact air quality and climate. Despite extensive
prior research to disentangle the relationship between ammonia and haze
pollution, the role of ammonia in haze formation in high ammonia-emitting regions is still not well understood. Aiming to better understand secondary
inorganic aerosol (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium – SNA) formation mechanisms under high-ammonia conditions,
1-year hourly measurement of water-soluble inorganic species (gas and
particle) was conducted at a rural supersite in Shanghai. Exceedingly high
levels of agricultural ammonia, constantly around 30 µg m−3, were
observed. We find that gas-particle partitioning of ammonia (ε(NH4+)), as opposed to ammonia concentrations, plays a critical
role in SNA formation during the haze period. From an assessment of the effects of
various parameters, including temperature (T), aerosol water content (AWC),
aerosol pH, and activity coefficient, it seems that AWC plays predominant
regulating roles for ε(NH4+). We propose a
self-amplifying feedback mechanism associated with ε(NH4+) for the formation of SNA, which is consistent with diurnal
variations in ε(NH4+), AWC, and SNA. Our results
imply that a reduction in ammonia emissions alone may not reduce SNA
effectively, at least at rural agricultural sites in China.
Roles of Climate Variability on the Rapid Increase of Winter Haze Pollution in North China after 2010
Authors: Zhang Yijia , Yin Zhicong , Wang Huijun
Published: June 2020

Abstract. North China experiences severe haze pollution in early winter, resulting in many premature deaths and considerable economic losses. The number of haze days in early winter in North China (HDNC) increased rapidly after 2010 but declined slowly before 2010, reflecting a trend reversal. Global warming and emissions were two fundamental drivers of the long-term increasing trend of haze, but no studies have focused on this trend reversal. The autumn SST in the Pacific and Atlantic, Eurasian snow cover and central Siberian soil moisture, which exhibited completely opposite trends before and after 2010, were proven to stimulate identical trends of meteorological conditions related to haze pollution in North China. Numerical experiments with a fixed emission level confirmed the physical relationships between the climate drivers and HDNC during both decreasing and increasing periods. These external drivers induced a larger decreasing trend of HDNC than the observations, and combined with the persistently increasing trend of anthropogenic emissions, resulted in a realistic slowly decreasing trend. However, after 2010, the increasing trends driven by these climate divers and human emissions jointly led to a rapid increase in HDNC.
Climate change and elevated CO2 favor forest over savanna under different future scenarios in South Asia
Authors: Kumar Dushyant , Pfeiffer Mirjam , Gaillard Camille , Langan Liam , Scheiter Simon
Published: June 2020

Abstract. South Asian vegetation provides essential ecosystem services to the region and its 1.7 billion inhabitants that are closely linked to its land-use forms and carbon storage potential. Yet, biodiversity is threatened by climate and land-use change. Understanding and assessing how ecosystems respond to simultaneous increases in atmospheric CO2 and future climate change is of vital importance to avoid undesired ecosystem change. A failure to react to increasing CO2 and climate change will likely have severe consequences for biodiversity and humankind. Here, we used the aDGVM2 to simulate vegetation dynamics in South Asia under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, and we explored how the presence or absence of CO2 fertilization influences vegetation responses to climate change. Simulated vegetation under both RCPs without CO2 fertilization effects showed a decrease in tree dominance and biomass, whereas simulations with CO2 fertilization showed an increase in biomass, canopy cover, and tree height and a decrease in biome-specific evapotranspiration by the end of the 21st century. The model predicted changes in above ground biomass and canopy cover that trigger biome transition towards tree-dominated systems. We found that savanna regions are at high risk of woody encroachment and transitioning into forest. We also found transitions of deciduous forest to evergreen forest in the mountain regions. C3 photosynthesis dependent vegetation was not saturated at current CO2 concentrations and the model simulated a strong CO2 fertilization effect with the rising CO2. Hence, vegetation in the region will likely remain a carbon sink. Projections showed that the bioclimatic envelopes of biomes need adjustments to account for shifts caused by climate change and eCO2. The results of our study help to understand the regional climate-vegetation interactions and can support the development of regional strategies to preserve ecosystem services and biodiversity under elevated CO2 and climate change.
Two-dimensional numerical simulations of vortex-induced vibrations for a cylinder in conditions representative of wind turbine towers
Authors: Viré Axelle , Derksen Adriaan , Folkersma Mikko , Sarwar Kumayl
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) of wind turbine towers can be critical during the installation phase, when the rotor–nacelle assembly is not yet mounted on the tower. The present work uses numerical simulations to study VIVs of a two-dimensional cylinder in the transverse direction under flow conditions that are representative of wind turbine towers both from a fluid dynamics and structural dynamics perspective. First, the numerical tools and fluid–structure interaction algorithm are validated by considering a cylinder vibrating freely in a laminar flow. In that case, both the motion amplitude and frequency are shown to agree well with previous results from the literature. Second, VIVs are modelled in the turbulent supercritical regime using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. In this context, the turbulence model is first validated against flow past a stationary cylinder with a high Reynolds number. Then, the results from forced vibrations are validated against experimental results for a range of reduced frequencies and velocities. It is shown that the behaviour of the aerodynamic damping changes with the frequency ratio and can therefore lead to either self-limiting or self-exciting VIVs when the cylinder is left to freely vibrate. Finally, results are shown for a freely vibrating cylinder under realistic flow and structural conditions. While a clear lock-in map is identified and shows good agreement with published numerical and experimental data, the work also highlights the unsteady nature of the aerodynamic forces and motion under certain operating conditions.
Planting Hate Speech to Harvest Hatred: How Does Political Hate Speech Fuel Hate Crimes in Turkey?
Authors: Perry Barbara , Akca Davut , Karakus Fatih , Bastug Mehmet Fatih
Published: June 2020

Hate crimes against dissident groups are on the rise in Turkey, and political hate speech might have a triggering effect on this trend. In this study, the relationship between political hate speech against the Gulen Movement and the hate crimes perpetrated by ordinary people was examined through semi-structured interviews and surveys with victims. The findings suggest that a rise in political hate rhetoric targeting a given group might result in a corresponding rise in hate crimes committed against them, the effects of which have been largely overlooked in the current literature in the evolving Turkish context.
El método arqueológico simulado para desarrollar competencias históricas en educación infantil
Authors: Mendioroz-Lacambra Ana , Erce-Domínguez Ande
Published: June 2020

En las primeras etapas educativas el empleo del patrimonio, la imagen y los objetos en el aula, desde una estrategia dialógica, estimula la curiosidad y facilita abordar cuestiones relacionadas con la identidad, la diversidad cultural, la percepción de los cambios o las continuidades y la argumentación de las causas y consecuencias. Estas nociones son indispensables para que la infancia interprete sus experiencias, comprenda la vida cotidiana y desarrolle habilidades de pensamiento y explicación histórica, ya que el presente es fruto del pasado y se proyecta en el futuro. Presentamos una experiencia implementada en un aula de educación infantil de Pamplona con niños y niñas de 5 años, que utiliza la didáctica del objeto y la simulación del método arqueológico para desarrollar competencias históricas. Los resultados demuestran que el alumnado desarrolla habilidades de pensamiento para observar, describir, hacer preguntas relevantes, realizar hipótesis, comparar semejanzas y diferencias entre pasado y presente o deducir a partir de las pruebas. Además, se acerca al patrimonio de forma crítica, desde lo próximo e individual hacia lo lejano y social y desarrolla la capacidad narrativa y la empatía histórica para construir relatos y explicaciones multicausales, críticas, creativas y contextualizadas, que le permiten adquirir la conciencia histórica.
Equipment Use in Biology Teaching
Authors: Sayan Hamiyet , Mertoğlu Hatice
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses the use of educational equipment and materials can be used by biology teachers. Science Education has an important role in raising individuals who can adapt to developing world with the 21st century skills. Within the scope of science education, biology covers information that individuals can make use of in their daily lives. This makes Biology teaching even more important. Teachers assume great responsibilities in the realization of an effective biology teaching. One of these responsibilities is the use of equipment and materials in teaching because the use of equipment in teaching helps with learning the information in an effective, permanent and meaningful way. It is also creating an active and fun classroom environment. Biology teachers should choose suitable equipment for the course, subject, students’ level, setting and objectives. They should also be able to develop teaching materials in line with learning outcomes. In addition, the teacher should provide the students with the necessary information about the teaching materials. This paper aims to remind teachers how important using these equipment for teaching and demonstrate that equipment and materials are indispensable facilitators for an efficient and effective Biology teaching. It may help teachers by providing guidance on this issue.
On Wh-elements in Central Kurdish: A Minimalist Approach
Authors: Ahmed Salih Ibrahim
Published: June 2020

The paper sheds light on the status of wh-elements in Central Kurdish (CK) with respect to the framework of the Minimalist Program (MP). From across the globe, there exist various types of languages whose wh-elements behave according to wh-parameter. There are languages whose wh-elements move, some others have in-situ wh-elements, and there are others in which the movement is optional. This paper aims to observe CK wh-elements in an empirical way to indicate their parametric features and their conformance to the universal principles. The notion of movement in MP is included within merge, which falls into two types: Internal merge (I-merge) and External merge (E-merge). Another important term in connection with overt movement is the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) according to which the subject position should be occupied by a phonologically expressed constituent. A fact to be known is that not all languages, among them CK, conform to this principle. The violation of certain CK wh-elements to this principle varies because they do not function in the same way. The paper consists of four sections: introduction, literature review, two basic concepts concerning wh-movement, and an empirical section observing CK wh-elements. It ends with the conclusion and references. One of the conclusions is that CK wh-elements are not considered as one inseparable set since they behave differently.
Students’ Opinions about the Distance Education to Art and Design Courses in the Pandemic Process
Authors: Dilmaç Sehran
Published: June 2020

This research was carried out to determine student views on distance education through art and design courses. The study group of the research consists of 45 undergraduate students studying at different faculties of İzmir Katip Çelebi University in Turkey during the spring semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. The focus of the article is to determine the effect of distance education, which is carried out suddenly, on students' perceptions of art lesson. A semi-structured interview technique was performed in this study which covered qualitative data collection techniques. Findings regarding the positive and negative aspects of distance education were obtained from students in the context of their impact on art classes. The results obtained in the research are as follows: The students who take art lessons via distance education are required distance education, also they do not experience any technical difficulties due to the availability of technology, they lost of motivation, they do not meet their socialization needs, and especially some techniques that require practice in art lessons.
Atenção domiciliar no Sistema Único de Saúde: perfil de pacientes assistidos
Authors: Johann Derdried Athanasio , Cechinel Clovis , Carvalhal Talita Ferreira Turatti do , Benatto Marcelo Costa , Silva Guilherme Parreira da , Lara Joaninha Artigas de
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: delinear o perfil dos pacientes assistidos em um Serviço de Atendimento Domiciliar da cidade de Curitiba. Métodos: desenho transversal, retrospectivo, abordagem quantitativa; coleta de dados dos pacientes assistidos no serviço em 2017; contendo as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e modelos de regressão. Resultados: em 2017 houve 1798 atendimentos de 1436 pacientes. O perfil apontou maioria dos pacientes do sexo feminino, média de idade acima de 71 anos e raça branca; a procedência predominante dos assistidos foram as Unidades Básicas de Saúde ou Estratégia de Saúde da Família com tempo médio de atendimento superior a 38 dias; prevalência de distúrbios neurológicos; desfecho de atendimento foi alta. O custo médio mensal foi de R$ 1.403,56 por paciente. Conclusão: o perfil dos pacientes indicou maioria de mulheres, brancas, com até oito anos de estudo, idade acima de 71 anos e assistidos por distúrbios neurológicos.
A simple numerical scheme to linear radiative transfer in hollow and solid spheres
Authors: Ladeia Cibele Aparecida , Schramm Marcelo , Fernandes Julio Cesar Lombaldo
Published: June 2020

Nesse trabalho consideramos a transferência radiativa linear em esferas ocas e maciças, bem como a solução em um meio com fronteiras refletoras difusas e com fonte de energia. O método de ordenadas discretas com a técnica de diamond difference é utilizado para calcular as intensidades de radiação e os fluxos de calor parciais nas fronteiras. Nossos resultados foram obtidos para os espalhamentos para frente, isotrópico e para trás e foram comparados com os dados da literatura.
Street connectivity and walking: An empirical study in Londrina- PR
Authors: Favarão Leão Ana Luiza , Ragassi Urbano Mariana
Published: June 2020

A caminhabilidade emerge como uma diretriz de planejamento urbano que incentiva a caminhada, considerada como o meio de transporte mais saudável e sustentável. A conectividade viária, essencial para espaços caminháveis, geralmente é medida por meio da densidade de intersecções (DI). Por outro lado, Integração é entendida como uma medida mais complexa de conectividade. No Brasil, nenhum estudo foi identificado que considere essas variáveis em termos de caminhabilidade ou moderação de variáveis sociodemográficas. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a influência dessas medidas de conectividade na caminhada, considerando covariáveis sociodemográficas em uma regressão logística múltipla. Foi realizado um estudo de caso em Londrina-PR, utilizando dados de origem-destino de viagens (n =19323) e características sociodemográficas. A Integração foi calculada para cada segmento de via em um raio de 1200 m. A DI foi calculada por zona, considerando a quantidade de intersecções e a área da zona. Um modelo de regressão logística múltipla foi ajustado, contendo covariáveis significativas. As Razões de Chance foram analisadas em relação às suas implicações teóricas. Os resultados indicam que os moradores de áreas altamente conectadas andaram mais. Ambas as medidas de conectividade foram significativas. Isso sugere que, embora relacionadas, elas podem capturar diferentes aspectos da rede de ruas. Este estudo contribui com evidências para o contexto brasileiro sobre conectividade considerando o prisma da caminhabilidade. Por meio do empirismo, será possível subsidiar políticas públicas e planejamento urbano na criação de espaços caminháveis.
A volta do filho pródigo: um entendimento sobre a teoria da Psicologia Analítica
Authors: Ramos Lila de Fátima de Carvalho , Tommasi Sônia Maria Bufarah
Published: June 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar alguns conceitos básicos da Psicologia Analítica na pintura de Rembrandt, inspirada na parábola “O filho pródigo”, retirada da Bíblia – Evangelho de Lucas, capítulo XV, versículos 1-32. Consideraram-se os preceitos da Psicologia Analítica sobre individuação, consciente, inconsciente pessoal, coletivo, anima, animus, self, persona, símbolos, complexos, complexo paterno, processo de individuação, arquétipos e sua correlação com a expressão artística religiosa. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica nos sites do portal CAPES e Scielo dos últimos cinco anos, artigos, livros da abordagem da psicologia analítica. Em síntese, ficou reiterado que há contribuição das artes no processo da Psicologia Analítica, pois tanto a Parábola do Filho Pródigo quanto a pintura de Rembrandt ilustram a codificação simbólica no processo de individuação do homem. Desse modo, compreendeu-se que o ser humano é um conjunto em transição contínua, em processo de aprimoramento incessante sob todos os aspectos considerados (filosóficos, sociológicos, espirituais, éticos, morais). Assim, nesse processo ininterrupto de transformação, surgem complexidades nas quais alguns conflitos desaparecem e outros permanecem na sua história antropológica, ancestral, como perspectivas de apreensão, conquistas que devem ser logradas.
How Can Service Failures Be Recovered? Start with Star Ratings, Personnel Rank, and Failure Severity
Authors: Tsao Wen-Chin , Lin Yu-Shan , Liu Yu-Chen , Chen Qi-Xin , Li Shu-Fen
Published: June 2020

In recent years, companies have had to continuously pursue higher service quality and maintain customer satisfaction because of rising consumer awareness. Due to the special industry attributes of the service industry, it is particularly important for the service industry to recover service failures. The purpose of this study is to explore how to propose the solutions from the constructs of hotel star ratings, service staff ranks, and service failure severity. Eight scenarios were constructed by experimental design, which were performed on the network platform to collect data. A total of 320 subjects participated in this study. The results of this study show that hotel star rating and service staff rank can affect post-recovery satisfaction. In addition, the three variables of hotel star rating, service staff ranking, and service failure severity will affect corporate image. Finally, this study has also verified that better post-recovery satisfaction will help improve corporate image. Managerial implications for the marketing managers of the hotel industry and directions for future research are also discussed.  
A efetivação do direito social ao trabalho na perspectiva dos direitos fundamentais na sociedade contemporânea
Authors: Reis Suzéte Da Silva
Published: June 2020

Pretende-se, com o presente artigo, identificar quais os entraves para a efetivação do direito social do trabalho na sociedade contemporânea. O texto constitucional de 1988 consagrou o direito ao trabalho como um direito social fundamental. No entanto e apesar da garantia constitucional, constata-se que a sua efetividade não está garantida, pois são recorrentes as situações de precarização e de violação a esse direito. Para responder ao problema de pesquisa: quais os entraves para a efetivação do direito social ao trabalho na sociedade contemporânea?, utilizar-se-á o método de pesquisa hipotético-dedutivo e como técnica de pesquisa será adotada a bibliográfica. Para a fundamentação teórica serão consultadas a literatura nacional e internacional especializada acerca da temática.
Efficacy of Serratus Anterior Plane Block Using Bupivacaine/ Magnesium Sulfate Versus Bupivacaine/ Nalbuphine for Mastectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Comparative Study
Authors: Rashwan Doaa Abou El Kassim , Mohammed Ahmed Rabea , Kasem Rashwan Samaa A , Abd El Basset Ahmed Sayed , Nafady Hesham Ahmed
Published: June 2020

Background: Mastectomy is a common surgical procedure associated with intra and postoperative pain if untreated adequately will lead to chronic pain. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of serratus anterior plane block using bupivacaine/magnesium sulfate versus bupivacaine/ nalbuphine for mastectomy. Methods: 40 ASA I and II female patients age 25 - 60 years underwent breast cancer surgery received the block before induction of general anesthesia were divided into two groups GBM (n = 20): (bupivacaine/magnesium sulphate): received bupivacaine 30 mL 0.25% and 500 mg magnesium sulphate, GBN (n = 20): (bupivacaine/nalbuphine): received bupivacaine 30 mL 0.25% and nalbuphine 0.2 mg/kg. The following parameters were recorded: The sensory block, motor block, postoperative heart rate, noninvasive mean blood pressure: at 1, 6, 12, 24 h, postoperative time to first request of analgesics (hours), VAS at rest and movement at 1, 6, 12, 24 h, postoperative analgesic requirements (pethidine mg/24 h). Results: The sensory block was statistically significantly lower in the GBM group than the GBN group at 24 hours postoperatively. The Medical Research Council scale was statistically significantly lower in the GBN group than the GBM group at 24 hours postoperatively. Postoperative time to first request of analgesics (hours) was statistically significantly longer in the GBN group than the GBM group, VAS at rest was statistically significantly lower in the GBN group than GBM group at 6th and 24th hours, VAS at movement showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Intraoperative fentanyl and postoperative analgesic requirements (pethidine mg/24 h) showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: Serratus anterior plane block using bupivacaine/nalbuphine provided effective postoperative analgesia, reduced postoperative pain than bupivacaine/magnesium sulfate in a mastectomy.
Development and Validation of HOSHRA Index for Occupational Safety and Health Risk Assessment in Hospitals
Authors: Jahangiri Mehdi , Mostafavi Amirreza , Choobineh Alireza , Shakerisn Mahnaz , Tabatabaei Hamid Reza , Zare Derisi Forough
Published: June 2020

Background: Despite huge advances in science, technology, and medical equipment, numerous concerns grow over healthcare workers (HCWs) since they are exposed to a wide range of biological hazards due to the nature of their work. Objectives: The current study aimed at developing and validating an index to assess the risk of occupational safety and health (OSH) in hospitals and healthcare settings. Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, an index called the hospital occupational safety, and health risk assessment (HOSHRA) was developed and validated through the face and content validity as well as internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. Ultimately, the developed index was utilized to assess OSH risks in 36 teaching hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Results: The mean score of the HOSHRA index among the selected hospitals was 71.53 ± 5.93, indicating that the OSH risks were at a moderate level. According to the HOSHRA action levels, OSH risk level for ergonomic hazards was high, but it was moderate for physical, chemical, ergonomic, and psychological ones. In terms of physical hazard subcategories, the risk of electrical hazard, as well as fire and explosion, was high, but it was moderate for fall and slip, and radiation. Conclusions: The developed observation-based method showed an acceptable content validity and reliability for OSH risk assessment of hospitals. The HOSHRA index could also be used for hospitals as an applicable measure to improve their OSH.
Mění se pozice evropských výzkumných lídrů?
Authors: Klímová Viktorie , Žítek Vladimír
Published: June 2020

The article is based on the assumption that research and development is a crucial source for creating innovations and increasing competitiveness. There are significant disparities in research and development across the regions of the European Union. Some regions have long been considered European research leaders, and other regions perceive them as an inspiration for themselves. However, the position of leaders may not be permanent. The aim of the paper is to assess how stable is the position of European regions, which have long been considered European leaders in R&D. For this purpose, gross and business expenditures on research and development were analysed, and their changes between the periods 2007-2009 and 2015-2017 were assessed. The analysis has shown that the Nordic countries, such as Finland and Sweden, are losing their good position. Increasing research activity has been observed only in the West Sweden region. On the other hand, growing trends have been detected mainly in some regions of Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic.
O PAPEL DO MAGISTRADO NO PROCESSO PENAL SEGUNDO A DOUTRINA DE JOHN RAWLS
Authors: Rodrigues Alexandra Fonseca , Rodrigues Alexandre Manuel Lopes
Published: June 2020

Este artigo possui o objetivo de demonstrar a missão e a identidade do magistrado como agente de efetiva distribuição de justiça dentro do Processo Penal. Para tanto, tomar-se-á por base a Teoria da Justiça como Equidade, elaborada por John Rawls, com o escopo metodológico de elaborar uma comparação entre as propostas do filósofo e a aplicação da justiça criminal na atualidade. Para que, por fim, possa se elaborar uma síntese capaz de demonstrar que a visão da justiça como equidade pode ser usada como paradigma para pautar uma atuação judicial mais equilibrada e apta a promover os direitos fundamentais de todos os envolvidos no fato delituoso.
Implementação de políticas públicas na pesca artesanal: a atuação dos burocratas de nível de rua
Authors: Angst Ivone Teresinha , Soglio Fabio Kessler Dal
Published: June 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a atuação dos burocratas de nível de rua na construção e implementação das políticas públicas na pesca artesanal no município de Tramandaí/RS. Estes burocratas, denominados de implementadores, mediam a relação entre os cidadãos e o Estado, podendo influenciar a execução das políticas públicas. Objetivou-se, assim, compreender como estes implementadores influenciaram o funcionamento das políticas públicas para pescadores artesanais, o que influenciou nas suas ações e discricionariedade, e quais foram as consequências desses fatores. A análise envolve pesquisa qualitativa, com a utilização de dados primários e secundários. Constatou-se que os implementadores tiveram que, inicialmente, conhecer o público beneficiário, e no decorrer da implementação dos programas realizaram diversas adaptações às normas e regras para atender as especificidades dos pescadores artesanais locais. Essa discricionariedade dos burocratas de nível de rua, ou seja, as decisões tomadas por esses implementadores contribuíram para a reformulação das políticas públicas no município. Os burocratas que atuaram com maior inserção junto às famílias dos pescadores tiveram melhor compreensão da realidade, das limitações e das necessidades desse público, contribuindo para a inserção dos pescadores nas políticas públicas. Essa maior aproximação entre burocratas e pescadores influencia nos resultados da implementação da política pública.
A importância da recepção legislativa como instrumento de Direito Comparado para aperfeiçoar sistemas jurídicos nacionais
Authors: Barbosa Pedro Henrique de Faria , Loreto Sylvio
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo insere-se no campo de estudo do direito comparado, focando-se na aplicação do instituto da recepção legislativa. Seu objetivo é a análise da utilização da recepção legislativa como instrumento para aperfeiçoar ordenamentos jurídicos nacionais, desenvolvida por uma abordagem histórico-jurídica do direito comparado e uma abordagem hipotético-dedutiva de suas distinções com outros ramos de Ciência. Em sequência, é considerada a importância e particularidades do direito comparado, para em seguida adentrar no conceito de recepção legislativa, abordando seu impacto para o aperfeiçoamento dos sistemas jurídicos nacionais. Desse estudo resulta a verificação dos desafios para a adequada aplicabilidade da recepção legislativa e aponta para conclusões sobre a necessidade de maior atenção para a correta aplicação da mesma.
Estudo sobre o segundo polo de defesa nacional: caso de Santa Maria, RS
Authors: Eggers Sabrina
Published: June 2020

A defesa nacional é crucial para a soberania do país. A soberania de um país é o conceito chave das Teorias de Relações Internacionais, sendo necessária e fundamental no Sistema Internacional. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o segundo pólo de defesa nacional, a cidade de Santa Maria, RS. A mesma torna-se essencial e de um significado estratégico para o Brasil, na sua manutenção da soberania.
Parents Chime In: Our Self-Care Strategies While Supporting Loved Ones with Mental Health Conditions During a Pandemic
Authors:   Transitions ACR
Published: June 2020

In the wake of COVID-19, that tried and true saying of “putting on your mask first before helping others” takes on a whole new meaning and it applies even more. We asked our Family Advisory Board members to provide thoughts on how they adapted their self-care strategies and to share tips on supporting their loved ones with mental health conditions in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.
L’ACTIVITÉ DU QUÉBEC EN MATIÈRE DE COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL : DE L’ÉNONCIATION DE LA DOCTRINE GÉRIN-LAJOIE À LA NÉGOCIATION DE L’AECG
Authors: Ouellet Richard , Beaumier Guillaume
Published: June 2020

La doctrine énoncée par Paul Gérin-Lajoie en avril 1965 n’a pas vocation à s’étendre au commerce international ni à la protection des investissements. En effet, la seule lecture de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 suffit pour convaincre qu’il est difficile de prétendre que ces deux domaines d’activité relèvent des compétences internes ou externes des provinces canadiennes. Pourtant, force est de constater que l’expansion qu’a connue l’activité internationale du Québec ces cinquante dernières années, conjuguée à l’élargissement des thèmes couverts par les accords d’intégration économique, a amené le Québec à jouer un rôle significatif dans les arènes économiques et commerciales internationales. Par le pouvoir de mise en oeuvre du contenu des accords internationaux qui découle des compétences législatives qui lui appartiennent, le Québec a pu être impliqué à divers titres dans la négociation d’importants accords de partenariat économique tel que l’Accord économique et commercial global (AECG) signé entre le Canada et l’Union européenne. Le Québec fut aussi associé de près au règlement d’importants différends commerciaux auxquels le Canada était partie devant l’Organe de règlement des différends de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce ou devant des instances créées par l’ALENA. De la même façon, il fut consulté au premier chef dans le règlement de plaintes portées par des investisseurs étrangers dans le cadre d’arbitrages investisseur-État. L’activité internationale du Québec en matières économique et commerciale s’est aussi manifestée par la signature d’ententes intergouvernementales en matière de marchés publics ou pour la création d’un marché nord-américain du carbone. Le Québec a pu, au fil du temps, développer puis augmenter son influence sur l’élaboration et l’application des accords de commerce. Il est à souhaiter que les négociations du Partenariat transpacifique, pendant lesquelles les provinces canadiennes ont été largement reléguées aux coulisses, ne sont pas annonciatrices d’un recul à cet égard.
UN DISCOURS SUIVI D’EFFET ? LA SÉCURITÉ DANS LES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES DU QUÉBEC
Authors: Morin David , Poliquin Myriam
Published: June 2020

Quelle est la place de la sécurité dans les relations internationales du Québec ? Quels enjeux cette dernière revêt pour le Québec ? Comment s’articule le partage des compétences dans ce domaine dans le cadre du fédéralisme canadien ? Que peut revendiquer le Québec quant à son ambition de jouer un rôle par-delà la frontière sur le continent américain et dans le reste du monde ? Quels types d’action et de coopération le Québec entreprend-il en la matière ? À l’heure où le gouvernement québécois entreprend la révision de son énoncé de politique internationale, ces questions demeurent d’autant plus pertinentes aujourd’hui que le Québec fait face à des défis importants en matière de sécurité, en particulier au chapitre de la criminalité transnationale et de la violence extrémiste, qui exigent une présence, des échanges et une coopération accrues sur la scène internationale. L’hypothèse défendue ici est que la sécurité a fait l’objet d’une politisation croissante de la part du gouvernement québécois dans le contexte post-11 septembre. En 2006, il consacre ainsi, pour la première fois, un chapitre et un axe stratégique spécifiques à ce thème dans son énoncé de politique internationale. Si cette politisation s’est traduite dans les énoncés de politique et certaines ententes internationales, tout porte à croire qu’elle est avant tout dictée par des impératifs conjoncturels, mais ne procède pas d’une ambition réelle ou d’un appétit particulier de voir le Québec jouer véritablement un rôle en matière de sécurité transnationale. Jusque-là, il n’y a pas eu un investissement politico-diplomatique et financier permettant d’affirmer que la doctrine Gérin Lajoie ait investi le champ de la sécurité et donné lieu au déploiement d’une paradiplomatie semblable à celle exercée dans d’autres champs d’activité. En revanche, ce contexte a vu se densifier, aux niveaux techniques et administratifs, un réseau de relations intergouvernementales entre certaines organisations québécoises, policières notamment, et leurs homologues étrangers. Si celui-ci est encore trop peu structuré pour être constitutif d’une réelle gouvernance à paliers multiples, il a toutefois contribué à rendre davantage effective, dans une certaine mesure, l’action internationale du Québec en matière de sécurité.
LA DOCTRINE GÉRIN-LAJOIE ET LE DOMAINE DU TRAVAIL : UNE RELATION RETROUVÉE
Authors: Côté Charles-Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

Le domaine du travail et la doctrine Gérin-Lajoie entretiennent une relation particulière. La ratification par le Canada des conventions adoptées par l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT) a été déterminante dans la reconnaissance du pouvoir des provinces de mettre en oeuvre les traités portant sur des sujets relevant de leur compétence législative. Ce pouvoir est la principale pierre d’assise juridique de la doctrine Gérin-Lajoie, selon laquelle le Québec a la capacité de signer des ententes internationales dans ses champs de compétence. Pourtant, le Québec s’est relativement peu intéressé au domaine du travail dans son action internationale. Ce désintérêt fait maintenant place à une activité plus soutenue en lien avec les accords conclus par le Canada dans le domaine du travail, qu’il s’agisse de conventions de l’OIT ou d’accords de coopération dans le domaine du travail, signés en parallèle avec les accords de libre-échange. Peu d’ententes internationales du Québec portent sur le domaine du travail, mais sa pratique récente montre qu’il entend désormais s’y intéresser, particulièrement en ce qui concerne l’accès au marché du travail et l’attraction de travailleurs migrants, comme l’illustre l’entente de 2008 entre le Québec et la France sur la reconnaissance mutuelle des qualifications professionnelles.
LES NOUVELLES APPROCHES DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL
Authors: Delabie Lucie
Published: June 2020

Définir ce que sont les « Nouvelles approches du droit international » relève à première vue de la gageure compte tenu de l’éclectisme de cette tendance doctrinale. D’abord associé aux membres de Harvard, ce projet a pris son essor dans les années 1990 et s’est diffusé sous des formes variées en dehors du continent américain. Mais qu’en est-il en 2014 ? Dans quelle mesure cette coalition instable de chercheurs, dont les frontières identitaires ont évolué, ont tenu leur promesse de réinvention de la discipline du droit international ? En intégrant la méthode déconstructiviste dans l’analyse du droit international, ses membres ont incontestablement renouvelé la compréhension de celui-ci dans une perspective interdisciplinaire. Ils montrent que l’on ne peut comprendre le droit sans tenir compte de l’indétermination qui lui est inhérente et proposent ainsi une lecture critique très stimulante dans l’appréhension des rapports entre les règles juridiques, dont la neutralité est selon eux illusion. Mais, à force de déconstruction, et en dépit de leur propre autocritique, il semble qu’ils ne parviennent pas à faire pleinement entendre leur voix au sein de la doctrine. Parfois qualifiés de nihilistes, les partisans des « Nouvelles approches », en mettant l’accent sur l’impossible neutralité des règles juridiques, invitent à une réinterprétation constante de celles-ci et, de manière subséquente, à une forme d’instrumentalisation du droit par les décideurs politiques. Cela ne remet toutefois pas en cause l’apport significatif de ce mouvement à une meilleure compréhension des fondements de notre discipline.
LES CRIMES DE JUS COGENS, LE REFUS DE L’IMMUNITÉ DES HAUTS REPRÉSENTANTS DES ÉTATS ÉTRANGERS ET L’EXERCICE DE LA COMPÉTENCE UNIVERSELLE
Authors: Rezai Shaghaji Danial
Published: June 2020

Les États membres de la communauté internationale peuvent exercer la compétence universelle à l’encontre des crimes graves de droit international. Cependant, on peut imaginer le cas où un État ne pourrait pas exercer la compétence universelle à cause de l’immunité des hauts représentants d’État. Il nous semble que le principe de l’immunité des hauts représentants d’État ne peut pas empêcher une juridiction interne de poursuivre le suspect ayant commis les crimes graves de droit international. Les crimes de jus cogens ne peuvent pas être considérés comme actes jure imperii. À cet effet, les crimes de jus cogens comme les crimes contre l’humanité et les crimes de guerre ne peuvent pas être considérés comme les fonctions d’un chef d’État ou d’un chef de gouvernement. Il nous paraît qu’il existe une hiérarchie entre les normes ordinaires, celles de l’immunité de l’État, et les normes de rangs supérieurs, celles de jus cogens. Les règles ordinaires concernant l’immunité de juridiction des hauts représentants d’État doivent être écartées dans le cas de crimes de jus cogens. Dans ce contexte, l’immunité des hauts représentants d’État en exercice ne peut pas empêcher l’État du for d’exercer la compétence universelle afin de protéger les intérêts généraux de la communauté internationale dans son ensemble.
LA CIRGL ET LE RÈGLEMENT DES DIFFÉRENDS DANS LA RÉGION DES GRANDS LACS : CAS DE LA RÉBELLION DU M23
Authors: Kilomba Sumaili Adolphe
Published: June 2020

La Conférence internationale sur la Région des Grands Lacs (CIRGL) est la plus récente organisation sous régionale créée dans la région des Grands Lacs à côté de la CEPGL ; de la CEEAC et de la CEMAC. Cette organisation créée en 2007 n’a donc que 8 ans d’existence. Pendant ces 8 ans, cette organisation a plusieurs fois fait face à plusieurs conflits armés entre ses États membres. En dépit de son déploiement sur le terrain de règlement pacifique des différends interétatiques, la CIRGL reste cependant très peu connue dans la littérature du droit international à la différence de la CEDEAO, la SADC, le COMESA pour ne citer que celles-ci. Ce papier présente le portrait de la CIRGL et explique le rôle qu’elle a joué dans le dénouement de la crise dite du M23. Ce papier met également en lumière le rôle joué par la CIRGL dans le dénouement de ce conflit. Il présente par ailleurs ses limites sur le terrain de la résolution pacifique des conflits internationaux.