bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a paddling-based high-intensity interval training prescribed using anaerobic speed reserve on sprint kayak performance
Authors: Du Geng , Tao Tao
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate physiological and performance adaptations to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) prescribed as a proportion of anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) compared to HIIT prescribed using maximal aerobic speed (MAS). Twenty-four highly trained sprint kayak athletes were randomly allocated to one of three 4-weak conditions (N = 8) (ASR-HIIT) two sets of 6 × 60 s intervals at ∆%20ASR (MAS-HIIT) six 2 min paddling intervals at 100% maximal aerobic speed (MAS); or controls (CON) who performed six sessions/week of 1-h traditional endurance paddling at 70%–80% maximum HR. A graded exercise test was performed on a kayak ergometer to determine peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), MAS, V̇O2/HR, and ventilatory threshold. Also, participants completed four consecutive upper-body wingate tests to asses peak and average power output. Significant increases in V̇O2peak (ASR-HIIT = 6.9%, MAS-HIIT = 4.8%), MAS (ASR-HIIT = 7.2%, MAS-HIIT = 4.8%), ASR (ASR-HIIT = −25.1%, MAS-HIIT = −15.9%), upper-body Wingate peak power output and average power output (p < 0.05 for both HIIT groups) were seen compared with pre-training. Also, ASR-HIIT resulted in a significant decrease in 500-m −1.9%, and 1,000−m −1.5% paddling time. Lower coefficient of variation values were observed for the percent changes of the aforementioned factors in response to ASR-HIIT compared to MAS-HIIT. Overall, a short period of ASR-HIIT improves 500-m and 1,000-m paddling performances in highly trained sprint kayak athletes. Importantly, inter-subject variability (CV) of physiological adaptations to ASR-HIIT was lower than MAS-HIIT. Individualized prescription of HIIT using ASR ensures similar physiological demands across individuals and potentially facilitates similar degrees of physiological adaptation.
Moderate hypoxia mitigates the physiological effects of high temperature on the tropical blue crab Callinectes sapidus
Authors: Garcia-Rueda Adriana L. , Mascaro Maite , Rodriguez-Fuentes Gabriela , Caamal-Monsreal Claudia P. , Diaz Fernando , Paschke Kurt , Rosas Carlos
Published: January 2023

Dissolved oxygen (DO) and water temperature vary in coastal environments. In tropical regions, the ability of aquatic ectotherms to cope with hypoxia and high-temperature interactive effects is fundamental for their survival. The mechanisms underlying both hypoxia and thermal tolerance are known to be interconnected, therefore, the idea of cross-tolerance between both environmental stressors has been put forward. We investigated the combined role of hypoxia and temperature changes on the physiological responses of blue crabCallinectes sapidusliving in the southern Gulf of Mexico. We measured oxygen consumption, plasmatic biochemical indicators, total hemocyte count (THC), and antioxidant activity biomarkers in muscle and gill tissues of blue crab acclimated to moderate hypoxia or normoxia and exposed to a thermal fluctuation or a constant temperature, the former including a temperature beyond the optimum range. Animals recovered their routine metabolic rate (RMR) after experiencing thermal stress in normoxia, reflecting physiological plasticity to temperature changes. In hypoxia, the effect of increasing temperature was modulated as reflected in the RMR and plasmatic biochemical indicators concentration, and the THC did not suggest significant alterations in the health status. In both DO, the antioxidant defense system was active against oxidative (OX) damage to lipids and proteins. However, hypoxia was associated with an increase in the amelioration of OX damage. These results show thatC. sapiduscan modulate its thermal response in a stringent dependency with DO, supporting the idea of local acclimatization to tropical conditions, and providing insights into its potential as invasive species.
Nanopore long-read RNAseq reveals transcriptional variations in citrus species
Authors: Hu Xiao-Li , You Congjun , Zhu Kaikai , Li Xiaolong , Gong Jinli , Ma Haijie , Sun Xuepeng
Published: January 2023

The number of studies on plant transcriptomes using ONT RNAseq technology is rapidly increasing in recent. It is a powerful method to decipher transcriptomic complexity, particularly alternative splicing (AS) event detection. Citrus plants are the most important widely grown fruit crops. Exploring different AS events in citrus contributes to transcriptome improvement and functional genome study. Here, we performed ONT RNAseq in 9 species (Atalantia buxifolia, Citrus clementina, C. grandis, C. ichangensis, C. reticulata, C. sinensis, Clausena lansium, Fortunella hindsii, and Poncirus trifoliata), accompanied with Illumina sequencing. Non-redundant full-length isoforms were identified between 41,957 and 76,974 per species. Systematic analysis including different types of isoforms, number of isoforms per gene locus, isoform distribution, ORFs and lncRNA prediction and functional annotation were performed mainly focused on novel isoforms, unraveling the capability of novel isoforms detection and characterization. For AS events prediction, A3, RI, and AF were overwhelming types across 9 species. We analyzed isoform similarity and evolutionary relationships in all species. We identified that multiple isoforms derived from orthologous single copy genes among different species were annotated as enzymes, nuclear-related proteins or receptors. Isoforms with extending sequences on 5’, 3’, or both compared with reference genome were filtered out to provide information for transcriptome improvement. Our results provide novel insight into comprehending complex transcriptomes in citrus and valuable information for further investigation on the function of genes with diverse isoforms.
Flavonoids promote Rhizophagus irregularis spore germination and tomato root colonization: A target for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Lidoy Javier , Berrio Estefanía , García Marta , España-Luque Luis , Pozo Maria J. , López-Ráez Juan Antonio
Published: January 2023

The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has great potential, being used as biostimulants, biofertilizers and bioprotection agents in agricultural and natural ecosystems. However, the application of AM fungal inoculants is still challenging due to the variability of results when applied in production systems. This variability is partly due to differences in symbiosis establishment. Reducing such variability and promoting symbiosis establishment is essential to improve the efficiency of the inoculants. In addition to strigolactones, flavonoids have been proposed to participate in the pre-symbiotic plant-AM fungus communication in the rhizosphere, although their role is still unclear. Here, we studied the specific function of flavonoids as signaling molecules in AM symbiosis. For that, both in vitro and in planta approaches were used to test the stimulatory effect of an array of different subclasses of flavonoids on Rhizophagus irregularis spore germination and symbiosis establishment, using physiological doses of the compounds. We show that the flavone chrysin and the flavonols quercetin and rutin were able to promote spore germination and root colonization at low doses, confirming their role as pre-symbiotic signaling molecules in AM symbiosis. The results pave the way to use these flavonoids in the formulation of AM fungal-based products to promote the symbiosis. This can improve the efficiency of commercial inoculants, and therefore, help to implement their use in sustainable agriculture.
Identification and functional studies of microbial volatile organic compounds produced by Arctic flower yeasts
Authors: Niu Jingjing , Li Xuhuan , Zhang Siyu , Yao Yifeng , Zhang Yongping , Liu Yixuan , Peng Xiaoya , Huang Jun , Peng Fang
Published: January 2023

Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) can serve as a communication channel among microorganisms, insects and plants, making them important in ecosystem. In order to understand the possible role of mVOCs in Arctic ecology, the microbes in Arctic flowers and their mVOCs and effects on plants were investigated. This study aims to isolate different yeast species from the flowers of five Arctic plant species and further to explore the function of mVOCs emitted by these microbes to plant. It was found that the composition and amount of mVOCs produced by the isolated yeasts were considerably affected by changes in incubation temperature. When the incubation temperature rose, the species of alcohols, aldehydes, esters, organic acids, and ketones increased, but substances specific to low temperature decreased or disappeared. When yeasts were co-cultured with Arabidopsis thaliana without any direct contact, mVOCs produced by the isolated yeasts inhibited the seed germination of A. thaliana at low temperatures; however, the mVOCs promoted the chlorophyll content, fresh weight, root weight and flowering rate of Arabidopsis plants. Although the overall growth-promoting effect of yeast mVOCs was higher at 20°C than at 10°C, the growth-promoting effect on roots, flowers and chlorophyll was highest at 10°C. When cultured at 10°C, the mVOCs produced by Cystofilobasidium capitatum A37, Cryptococcus sp. D41, and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor D27 had the highest growth-promoting effects on the root, flowering rate and chlorophyll content of Arabidopsis, respectively. In the co-culture system, some new mVOCs were detected, such as hendecane, tetradecane, and 1-hexanol that have been proven to promote plant growth. In addition, mVOCs of the isolated Arctic yeasts could inhibit the growth of several microorganisms, especially filamentous fungi. It was the first time to prove that mVOCs produced by the isolated yeasts had varying effects on plant growth at different incubating temperatures, providing a reference for the interactions between microorganisms and plants and their possible responses to climate change in the Arctic area. Moreover, the characteristics of promoting plant growth and inhibiting microbial growth by mVOCs of Arctic yeasts would lay a foundation for potential applications in the future.
Factor structure and measurement invariance of the psychosocial risk factors inventory of NOM-035-STPS-2018
Authors: Cano-Gutierrez Julio César , Pérez-Morán Juan Carlos , Bernal-Baldenebro Brando , Arenas-Meneses Daniela , Vazquez-Lira Ramsés , Olguín-Tiznado Jesús Everardo
Published: January 2023

The primary objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Inventory for the Identification and Analysis of Psychosocial Risk Factors (IIA-PRF) of Reference Guide III proposed in NOM-035-STPS-2018. A total of 2,149 workers in Baja California, Mexico’s industrial and education-government sectors, were administered an online inventory version. Preliminary analyses were performed, as well as a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) based on two models proposed by the standard itself: an eight-factor model (8-FM) and a four-factor model (4-FM). Likewise, based on the results and with the recommendations of the specialists, a threefactor model (3-FM) was proposed. In addition, nested model sequencing methods were subsequently applied to validate the invariance between the origin of the activity. The dimensionality of 3-FM was found to have adequate fit values according to a-priori established criteria. It is concluded that the IIAPRF does not have the reliability and validity parameters necessary to support interpretations, uses and consequences based on the theoretical structure established by NOM-035-STPS-2018 and that, although the 3-FM presents better reliability and validity indices, it is not invariant in terms of the origin of the activity. Finally, we discuss the implications and recommend reviewing and adjusting the design of the IIAPRF items to extend the measurement of invariance to other groups of relevance for decision making in the improvement of the work environment.
The difference of primary school teachers’ online teaching satisfaction in subject and educational level
Authors: Zhu Yonghai , Liu Di , Xu Yingying
Published: January 2023

The growth of online education requires high-quality online teaching. Teachers’ satisfaction with online teaching is of great significance for improving online teaching effectiveness. This study was to explore the primary school teachers’ online teaching satisfaction during the spread of COVID-19 from Shanghai, who have experienced online teaching, and explore whether there were differences of teachers’ online teaching satisfaction in subject and educational level. 939 teachers from Shanghai participated in the study. The non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test of variance were performed. Results showed that teachers’ online teaching satisfaction was at a high level. Moreover, there was a significant difference in teachers’ subject and educational level on online teaching satisfaction. In terms of subject differences of teachers, there were significant differences in resource suitability (RS) among teachers of different subjects. Therefore, it is recommended that each subject should develop the online teaching resources to support teachers’ online teaching. In terms of the differences in teachers’ educational levels, there were no significant differences between the satisfaction of college-level teachers on non-technical variables such as content selectivity (CS) and teachers with undergraduate and graduate degrees, and only on technical variables such as self-efficacy (SE), resource suitability (RS), ease of use (EU), and intention to use (IU). Given the national context in China, the difference in educational levels may be more reflected in the age of the teachers. For teachers with college educational level, due to their older age, rather than simply enhancing motivation and improving learning ability to increase online teaching satisfaction, emphasis should be placed on providing appropriate teaching service support to help improve online teaching effectiveness. The findings provide new empirical evidence, strategies and Chinese experience for promoting teachers’ online teaching satisfaction.
Ability or luck: A systematic review of interpersonal attributions of success
Authors: Hamilton Odessa S. , Lordan Grace
Published: January 2023

The role of luck in success has a relatively minor, albeit consistent history in academic discourse, with a striking lack of literature engaging with notions of luck within occupational environments. Elucidating why people attribute their own success to luck over ability has predominated in the literature, with interpersonal attributions receiving less attention. Here, we center on systematically summarizing the evidence on interpersonal attributions of success as a function of ability or luck, with a particular focus on whether these differs by gender and race. The perception of the success of others from different sociodemographic groups, and how it is attributed, is a crucial leverage point for inclusion and diversity. Particularly as women and ethnic groups continue to be systematically disadvantaged in the workforce. Ignoring the role of luck conceals and augments privilege, even if not deliberately or consciously invoked. Using the Prisma protocol, this review offers evidence from experiments, published between 1970 and 2020, derived from five electronic bibliographic databases; Business Source Complete; PsychINFO; Scopus; Web of Science; and Google Scholar. There were a limited number of studies on gender that found an effect, but with few exceptions, the papers that pertain to race converged on the understanding that interpersonal attributions of success were predicated on this immutable factor. Such that black individuals were more often viewed as lucky in their success and less able, which translates to lesser opportunity and reward. Decades of research have pointed to individuals making systematic attribution errors in success by gender and race; this review only partially substantiates this consensus and provides narrow support for the view that those believed to be the most talented in society may merely be the luckiest. We add to evidence that context matters.
Humans, machines, and double standards? The moral evaluation of the actions of autonomous vehicles, anthropomorphized autonomous vehicles, and human drivers in road-accident dilemmas
Authors: Mayer Maike M. , Buchner Axel , Bell Raoul
Published: January 2023

A more critical evaluation of the actions of autonomous vehicles in comparison to those of human drivers in accident scenarios may complicate the introduction of autonomous vehicles into daily traffic. In two experiments, we tested whether the evaluation of actions in road-accident scenarios differs as a function of whether the actions were performed by human drivers or autonomous vehicles. Participants judged how morally adequate they found the actions of a non-anthropomorphized autonomous vehicle (Experiments 1 and 2), an anthropomorphized autonomous vehicle (Experiment 2), and a human driver (Experiments 1 and 2) in otherwise identical road-accident scenarios. The more lives were spared, the better the action was evaluated irrespective of the agent. However, regardless of the specific action that was chosen, the actions of the human driver were always considered more morally justifiable than the corresponding actions of the autonomous vehicle. The differences in the moral evaluations between the human driver and the autonomous vehicle were reduced, albeit not completely eliminated, when the autonomous vehicle was anthropomorphized (Experiment 2). Anthropomorphizing autonomous vehicles may thus influence the processes underlying moral judgments about the actions of autonomous vehicles such that the actions of anthropomorphized autonomous vehicles appear closer in moral justifiability to the actions of humans. The observed differences in the moral evaluation of the actions of human drivers and autonomous vehicles could cause a more critical public response to accidents involving autonomous vehicles compared to those involving human drivers which might be reduced by anthropomorphizing the autonomous vehicles.
The relationship between positive psychological qualities and prenatal negative emotion in pregnant women: A path analysis
Authors: Tuxunjiang Xiabidan , Wumaier Gulijianati , Zhang Wei , Sailike Bahedana , Wang Xiaoting , Jiang Ting
Published: January 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between positive psychological qualities and negative emotions of pregnant women.

Methods

We surveyed 774 pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in Urumqi using the following measures: a self-report general demographic data questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), Patients Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9), Pregnancy Pressure Scale (stocktickerPPS), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC). We used the Amos2.03 system to build a structural equation model.

Results

A total of 774 subjects had an average age of 30 years and an average gestational age of 23 weeks. Among the 774 respondents, 122 (15.8%) had moderate or above pregnancy stress (stocktickerPPS > 1), 376 (48.6%) had mild or above anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 5), 456 (58.9%) had mild or above depression symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5), 740 (95.6%) had moderate or above social support scores (PSSS ≥ 37), and 124 (16.0%) had good or above psychological resilience scores (CD-RISC ≥ 60). Notably, 372 (48.1%) people had a self-efficacy score above the overall average (GSES ≥ 2.6). Pregnancy stress had positive correlations with anxiety and depression (β = 0.57, 0.30, P < 0.01) and negative correlations with self-efficacy (β = −0.19, P < 0.01). Anxiety had positive correlations with depression (β = 0.54, P < 0.01) and negative correlations with social support (β = −0.45, P < 0.01). Social support had positive correlations with self-efficacy and resilience (β = 0.37, 0.47, P < 0.01). Resilience had negative correlations with anxiety (β = −0.09, P < 0.01), and self-efficacy had positive correlations with resilience (β = 0.41, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Identification of pregnancy stress should be emphasized in pregnant women with negative emotions. Efforts to strengthen the positive psychological qualities of pregnant women should focus on cultivating psychological resilience to reduce the occurrence of anxiety, and improving social support should be a priority because it can enhance psychological resilience and self-efficacy. We provide a reason to intervene in the negative emotions of pregnant women from the perspective of the positive psychology of pregnant women.
The relationship between the interactive behavior of industry–university–research subjects and the cooperative innovation performance: The mediating role of knowledge absorptive capacity
Authors: Meng Xiulan , Di Kui , Su Huan , Jin Xiaoyan , Lv Weiwei , Huang Xingqi , Wu Chaoyang , Fan Li
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Industry–university–research cooperation innovation, which is often characterized by resource complementarity and the sharing technology, has become one of the most preferred innovation cooperation methods for enterprises. However, various problems still occur in the process of industry–university–research cooperations, such as poor innovation performance and difficulty in sustaining cooperation. Existing studies mostly focus on the macroscopic perspectives of geographic location, cooperation scale, concentration, and diversification of industry–university–research cooperation subjects, and fail to explore the microscopic behavioral mechanisms.

Methods

Therefore, this paper establishes the interactive behavior of industry–university–research subjects and defines its concepts and dimensions in an attempt to provide a mechanism for improving the cooperative innovation performance of industry–university–research from the micro-behavioral perspective. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper develops a model of the relationship between cooperative trust, cooperative communication, and cooperative innovation performance for interactive behavior, while exploring the mediating role of knowledge absorptive capacity. The model was validated by stepwise regression using data from 325 questionnaires.

Results

The paper found that cooperative trust and cooperative communication in the cooperative interactive behavior of industry–university–research positively contribute to the improvement of cooperative innovation performance. Knowledge absorptive capacity plays a partially mediating role between the interactive behaviors and cooperative innovation performance. More specifically, knowledge absorptive capacity partially mediates cooperative communication in cooperative innovation performance and completely mediates cooperative trust in cooperative innovation performance. The results are largely consistent with the results of the heterogeneity analysis of the sample.

Discussion

This paper not only explains why the cooperative innovation performance of industry–university–research is poor from the perspective of interactive behavior, but also enriches the research perspective of industry–university–research and provides theoretical support for enterprises to optimize the relationship between industry, university, and research institutes.
Sustainability pedagogy: Understanding, exploring and internalizing nature’s complexity and coherence
Authors: Spiegelaar Nicole
Published: January 2023

Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected student academic performance as well as mental, physical, and social wellbeing. During a lockdown at the University of Toronto in Canada (September 2020–April 2021), my students expressed an underlying sense of monotony yet uncertainty. I recalled a contrasting paradox from the teachings of Indigenous Cree on mental wellness in land-based experiences: a sense of stimulation and security that we can liken to variations of Appleton’s prospect-refuge theory. I modified my Environmental Science and Pathways to Sustainability course to support stimulation and security through embodied, interactive pedagogy at student-selected individual field sites. My main goals were to (i) support student mental wellness and (ii) provide an alternative to experiential field trips for understanding and connecting with nature as an adaptive complex system. I prompted students with field activities contextualized by a course narrative that purposefully directed attention to nature through intrinsically motivated curiosity, exploration, and discovery; conditions more similar to evolutionary environments of adaptedness than “getting away” in passive retreats. Student weekly field observations and reflections culminated in a post-intervention Reflection Assignment (n = 15) which became the bases of thematic and narrative analysis. Other assignments were added to my evaluation of complexity comprehension. The intervention successfully instilled security and stimulation via purpose-directed attention to different aspects of nature in the same setting followed by periods of knowledge integration. This empowered students with sustainability mindsets indicated by greater self-reported: sense of coherence, change agency, cognitive and affective restoration, nature connectedness, nature relatedness, social connectedness, and pro-environmental values. Assignments demonstrated an understanding of the environment as an adaptive complex system that was not present at the beginning of the course. Some students’ self-construct adopted nature and its complexity, empowering them with greater trait resilience. This work speaks to opportunities for merging psychological restoration and analytical curricula by integrating cognitive and sensory meaningfulness in sustainability narratives. It asks scholars to reflect on how we operationalize foundational theories of Environmental Psychology based on ancestral survival conditions and encourages empirical research to consider how sociocultural contexts can direct attention to nature through purposeful inquiry.
Effects of sex and sex-related facial traits on trust and trustworthiness: An experimental study
Authors: Rostovtseva Victoria V. , Butovskaya Marina L. , Mezentseva Anna A. , Weissing Franz J.
Published: January 2023

The ability to trust others, including strangers, is a prerequisite for human cooperation. Economically it is not rational to trust strangers, as trust can be easily exploited. Still, generally, the level of trust toward strangers is relatively high. Trust is closely related to trustworthiness: when trusting others, one expects them to reciprocate. Some individuals elicit more trust than others. Apparently, humans use subtle cues for judging the trustworthiness of their interaction partners. Here, we report on an experiment that investigates trust and trustworthiness in a population of 176 mainly Dutch students. The aims of our study were: (1) to investigate how the sex of interaction partners and their facial appearance (femininity/masculinity) affect the degree of trust and trustworthiness, compared to fully anonymous conditions; (2) to test whether individuals who elicit trust in their interaction partners are trustworthy themselves. Each subject of our experiment played five one-shot Trust Games: one with an anonymous interaction partner, and four “personalized” games after seeing a 20 s silent video of their interaction partner (twice same-sex, and twice opposite-sex). The degree of facial sexual dimorphism was investigated with geometric morphometrics based on full-face photographs. Our results revealed that, despite the already high level of trust in the anonymous setting, the personalization of interactions had a clear effect on behavior. Females elicited more trust in partners of both sexes. Interestingly, females with more feminine faces elicited less trust in both male and female partners, while males with more masculine facial shape were more trusted by females, but less trusted by males. Neither sex nor facial femininity/masculinity predicted trustworthiness. Our results demonstrate that (1) sex and sex-related facial traits of interaction partners have a clear effect on eliciting trust in strangers. However, (2) these cues are not reliable predictors of actual trustworthiness.
The effect of low-dose esketamine on pain and post-partum depression after cesarean section: A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Shen Jiahong , Song Congzhong , Lu Xinlei , Wen Yuxin , Song Shaobo , Yu Jing , Sun Jianliang
Published: January 2023

Objective

To observe and evaluate the effect of a single intravenous injection of low-dose esketamine on post-operative pain and post-partum depression (PPD) in cesarean delivery patients.

Methods

A total of 210 patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were divided into an esketamine group (Group S, n = 105) and a normal saline group (Group L, n = 105) by a random number table. At 5 min after childbirth, patients in the S group were given 0.25 mg/kg esketamine, whereas patients in the L group received an equal volume of saline. The primary outcomes included post-operative pain control according to the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the incidence of PPD according to the Edinburgh Post-partum Depression Scale (EPDS). The secondary outcomes included analgesia-related adverse events and Ramsay sedation scores.

Results

This clinical study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. A total of 210 patients were enrolled in this study. The NRS pain (cough pain) score was lower in the S group than in the L group at 24 h after surgery (P = 0.016), and there was no significant difference in resting pain and mobilization pain at 4, 8, and 48 h after surgery or resting pain at 24 h after surgery between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of PPD between the two groups on the day before delivery, or at the first week, the second week, or the fourth week after childbirth. At 5 min after dosing, the incidence of hallucinations (P < 0.001) and dizziness (P < 0.001) was higher in the S group than in the L group. At 15 min after dosing, the incidence of dizziness (P < 0.001) and nausea (P = 0.011) was higher in the S group than in the L group. The incidence of dizziness (P < 0.001) was higher in the S group than in the L group when leaving the operating room. The Ramsay scores in Group S were lower than in Group L at 5 min (p < 0.001), 15 min (p < 0.001) after dosing and at the time of leaving the operating room (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In this study, a single intravenous injection of 0.25 mg/kg esketamine did not reduce the incidence of depression at 1, 2, or 4 w post-partum but improved pain during exercise at 24 h post-operatively under the conditions of this clinical trial.

Clinical trial registration

[www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR2100054332].
US trends in the association of suicide ideation/behaviors with marijuana use among adolescents ages 12–17 and differences by gender and race/ethnicity
Authors: Flores Michael William , Granados Saul , Cook Benjamin Lê
Published: January 2023

Background

In the US over the past decade, there has been a steady increase in marijuana use rates among adolescents, in part due to marijuana legalization laws. It is unknown whether these greater marijuana use rates are associated with rising rates of adolescent suicide ideation and behaviors (plan and attempt) or whether these associations differ by gender or race/ethnicity.

Objective

To determine whether marijuana use is associated with suicide ideation/behaviors among adolescents and if differences exist by gender and race/ethnicity.

Materials and methods

Using the 2015–2019 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, we assessed the relationship between marijuana use frequency and suicide ideation/behaviors among adolescents (12–17, n = 73,986). We also examined the association with marijuana use disorder (MUD) and assessed differences by gender and race/ethnicity. Marijuana use frequency in the past year was categorized as no use, non-weekly use, and weekly-plus use. We estimated multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for sociodemographics, health status, common co-occurring behavioral health disorders, and criminal history. For interpretability, regression coefficients were converted into predicted probabilities using predictive margin methods.

Results

In primary analyses, adolescents with non-weekly use and weekly-plus use had higher rates of any suicide ideation, 61.5% (+ 10.4 percentage-points; 95% CI: 7.0–13.8%) and 64.5% (+ 13.4 percentage-points; 95% CI: 9.1–17.7%), relative to no use (51.1%). Non-weekly and weekly-plus use was associated with higher rates of any suicide plan 58.2% (+ 11.8 percentage-points; 95% CI: 7.8–16.0%) and 59.0% (+ 12.6 percentage-points; 95% CI: 6.4–18.9%), and any suicide attempt, 42.0% (+ 11.6 percentage-points; 95% CI: 7.0–16.2%) and 47.3% (+ 16.9 percentage-points; 95% CI: 10.9–22.9%) compared to no use (46.4 and 30.4%, respectively). Similar results were found among adolescents with a MUD (all p < 0.05). Positive associations between marijuana use and suicide ideation/behaviors persisted among males and females as well as White, Black, and Latinx adolescents (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Between 2015 and 2019, suicide ideation/behaviors increased for adolescents that used marijuana. As marijuana is legalized in more states, public health efforts are needed to curb increases in marijuana use among adolescents and to better understand the causal linkages between marijuana use and suicide ideation/behaviors.
Circadian rhythm disruptions: A possible link of bipolar disorder and endocrine comorbidities
Authors: Yan Xiu , Xu Peiwei , Sun Xueli
Published: January 2023

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between bipolar disorder (BP) and endocrine diseases. Further, circadian rhythm disruptions may be a potential common pathophysiological mechanism of both disorders. This review provides a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms, as well as roles circadian rhythms play in BP and common endocrine comorbidities such as diabetes and thyroid disease. Treatments targeting the circadian system, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, are also discussed. The hope is to elicit new interest to the importance of circadian system in BP and offer new entry points and impetus to the development of medicine.
Factors associated with parental resolution of a child's autism diagnosis: A systematic review
Authors: Naicker Vrinda V. , Bury Simon M. , Hedley Darren
Published: January 2023

Background

Receiving a child's autism diagnosis can be stressful; as such, parent resolution contributes to the wellbeing and development of healthy parent-child relationships. In other significant childhood diagnoses (e.g., cerebral palsy, diabetes), the degree to which parents adjust to (a) their child's diagnosis and (b) their changes in expectations concerning their child's development and capacity (referred to as resolution to diagnosis), has been associated with improved outcomes including facilitating parent-child relationships and improved parental wellbeing. Given potential benefits to parent and child, and the heterogenous nature of autism, examining the unique factors associated with resolution to diagnosis is important. In this systematic review we identified factors that support or inhibit parental resolution to their child receiving a diagnosis of autism.

Methods

We completed a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines of peer-reviewed studies from 2017 to 2022, that investigated parental resolution or acceptance of an autism diagnosis. Papers including “acceptance” needed to encompass both accepting the diagnosis and the implications regarding the child's abilities. We searched six databases (Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest), with additional papers located following review of reference lists.

Results

Fourteen papers with 592 participants that investigated parental resolution or acceptance of an autism diagnosis, were included. We identified six common factors that facilitate or inhibit parental resolution and acceptance of an autism diagnosis including: symptom severity; religion, belief, and culture; knowledge and uncertainty; negative emotions (i.e., denial, shame, guilt); positive emotions; and support. Greater resolution was associated with improved “attunement and insightfulness” in the parent-child relationship.

Limitation

The review was limited by the small number of studies meeting inclusion criteria. Second, the quality of included studies was mixed, with over half of the studies being qualitative and only one randomized control trial (RCT) identified.

Conclusion

Parental resolution can have an impact on parent's perception of their child's capabilities and impact the parent-child relationship. We identified six categories that aid in inhibiting or promoting resolution to diagnosis. Despite taking a broad approach on the definition of resolution, the low number of studies identified in the review indicates a need for more research in this area.

Systematic review registration

http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, PROSPERO [ID: CRD42022336283].
The attitude of Polish consumers toward food irradiation as one of the methods of food preservation
Authors: Buczkowska Marta , Dudczak Anna , Szajnoga Dominika , Górski Michał , Malinowska-Borowska Jolanta , Kulik Aleksandra , Szczyrba Anna
Published: January 2023

Background

Food irradiation is one of the methods of food preservation. Unfortunately, despite many opinions from national and international organizations that confirm the safety of the irradiation technique, the irradiated food market is slowly developing, which is particularly noticeable in European countries, including Poland.

Objectives

The main objective of this study was to determine the attitude of Polish consumers toward irradiated food and to find out whether familiarizing the respondents with educational materials on the irradiation technique would change their attitudes.

Material and methods

In response to the objective of the study, an online survey (with the presentation of educational materials) was conducted with 609 respondents living in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. A specially prepared author's questionnaire was used, containing questions relating to: sociodemographic data, food preservation, food irradiation. An integral part of the survey was a multimedia presentation containing information about the food irradiation process.

Results

A low level of knowledge about food irradiation was found-−90.31% (n = 550) of the respondents had never heard of this method of preservation before. The percentage of respondents with a positive attitude toward radiation-preserved products increased significantly after providing informative material, from 6.20 (n = 38) to 67.16% (n = 409). The final attitude of the respondents toward irradiated food varied and depended on age, education and place of residence—positive attitudes toward irradiation predominated among those who were young (<30 years old), had a higher education and lived in cities >100,000 inhabitants. Educational materials also had a significant impact on consumers' interest in purchasing irradiated food—the percentage of people declaring a willingness to purchase this type of product increased from 19.20 (n = 117) to 59.30% (n = 361). Almost 60% of the respondents were willing to purchase irradiated foods. Women, on average, were more likely to be interested in purchasing irradiated food compared to men.

Conclusions

The survey indicates that irradiated food could be commercially introduced in Poland, but on the condition that an effective educational program is planned.
Mpox vaccination willingness, determinants, and communication needs in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, in the context of limited vaccine availability in the Netherlands (Dutch Mpox-survey)
Authors: Dukers-Muijrers Nicole H. T. M. , Evers Ymke , Widdershoven Veja , Davidovich Udi , Adam Philippe C. G. , Op de Coul Eline L. M. , Zantkuijl Paul , Matser Amy , Prins Maria , de Vries Henry J. C. , Heijer Casper den , Hoebe Christian J. P. A. , Niekamp Anne-Marie , Schneider Francine , Reyes-Urueña Juliana , Croci Roberto , D'Ambrosio Angelo , Valk Marc van der , Posthouwer Dirk , Ackens Robin , Waarbeek Henriette ter , Noori Teymur , Hoornenborg Elske
Published: January 2023

Introduction

In the 2022 multicountry mpox (formerly named monkeypox) outbreak, several countries offered primary preventive vaccination (PPV) to people at higher risk for infection. We study vaccine acceptance and its determinants, to target and tailor public health (communication-) strategies in the context of limited vaccine supply in the Netherlands.

Methods

Online survey in a convenience sample of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men, including transgender persons (22/07-05/09/2022, the Netherlands). We assessed determinants for being (un)willing to accept vaccination. We used multivariable multinominal regression and logistic regression analyses, calculating adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95 percent confidence-intervals. An open question asked for campaigning and procedural recommendations.

Results

Of respondents, 81.5% (n = 1,512/1,856) were willing to accept vaccination; this was 85.2% (799/938) in vaccination-eligible people and 77.7% (713/918) in those non-eligible. Determinants for non-acceptance included: urbanization (rural: aOR:2.2;1.2–3.7; low-urban: aOR:2.4;1.4–3.9; vs. high-urban), not knowing mpox-vaccinated persons (aOR:2.4;1.6–3.4), and lack of connection to gay/queer-community (aOR:2.0;1.5–2.7). Beliefs associated with acceptance were: perception of higher risk/severity of mpox, higher protection motivation, positive outcome expectations post vaccination, and perceived positive social norms regarding vaccination. Respondents recommended better accessible communication, delivered regularly and stigma-free, with facts on mpox, vaccination and procedures, and other preventive options. Also, they recommended, “vaccine provision also at non-clinic settings, discrete/anonymous options, self-registration” to be vaccinated and other inclusive vaccine-offers (e.g., also accessible to people not in existing patient-registries).

Conclusion

In the public health response to the mpox outbreak, key is a broad and equitable access to information, and to low-threshold vaccination options for those at highest risk. Communication should be uniform and transparent and tailored to beliefs, and include other preventive options. Mpox vaccine willingness was high. Public health efforts may be strengthened in less urbanized areas and reach out to those who lack relevant (community) social network influences.
Direct and indirect healthcare and carbon savings with ACTIVE Particle ControlTM air-purification
Authors: Ereth Mark , Fine Judith , Massinello Bency , Gallagher Heather , Simpser Eddie , Stamatatos Frank
Published: January 2023

Controlling airborne transmitted disease remains a challenge to clinicians, healthcare administrators, and engineers. Engineering measures are critical to any infection control program but can require extensive installation procedures, may be expensive to maintain, and may not always demonstrate clinical or financial benefit. We determined the financial and carbon benefits of an engineering solution to combat air pollutants and to control airborne transmitted disease. We determined the costs of healthcare associated infections (HAIs), and the costs of installation, maintenance, energy demands, and carbon impacts of an ACTIVE Particle ControlTM(APC) air-purification system. In a 20 month study with over 65,000 patient days the significant reductions in HAIs resulted in significant financial, energy, maintenance, and carbon savings from this engineering solution. Positive clinical and financial outcomes are possible with novel air-purification solutions such as APC.
Co-creating inclusive spaces and places: Towards an intergenerational and age-friendly living ecosystem
Authors: Fang Mei Lan , Sixsmith Judith , Hamilton-Pryde Alison , Rogowsky Rayna , Scrutton Pat , Pengelly Ro , Woolrych Ryan , Creaney Rachel
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Evolving aging societies, ongoing digitalisation and circumstances of COVID-19 are changing living conditions for growing older. There is an increased urgency to view public health with a focus on integrating people of all ages into the matrix of opportunities afforded in their communities. This study initiates the conceptualization of an intergenerational, age-friendly living ecosystem (AFLE) to enhance public health planning.

Methodology

A participatory study was conducted using a multi-methods approach. Six virtual co-creation sessions (n = 35–50 participants), alongside a mainly open-ended INTERGEN survey designed specifically for this study (n = 130) were conducted to conceptualize multilevel ideas for building intergenerational age-friendly places using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model. At the height of COVID-19, virtual applications (Zoom, Moodboard) and case studies, creative methods (drawing, photography, storytelling and spotlight sessions) were applied to engage academic and non-academic participants between ages 5 – 80+ years, across eight countries. Sessions were video-recorded with visual themes captured by a graphic facilitator. The survey covered issues of multigenerational interactions; intergenerational and age-friendly place features; place safety; and necessary stakeholders required for creating intergenerational and age-friendly places. Data were reflexively analyzed using a team approach to thematic analysis.

Results

Findings present both the thematic analysis of Virtual Co-creation Camps (VCCs) and the INTERGEN survey results. These findings are addressed in three overarching categories that highlight the necessary characteristics of AFLEs as suggested by the VCC participants and survey respondents: (i) Sensory factors: feeling and emotion as starting points for physical design; (ii) Physical and digital factors in designing AFLE spaces and places; and (iii) Socio-cultural factors: tackling ageism and exclusion as part of the solution.

Discussion

The analysis resulted in a pathway toward enhanced understandings on how multi-generations can better interact with fluctuating organizational domains (industry, voluntary, academic and public sectors) in urban and rural settings to facilitate intergenerational connectivity. Through processes of co-creation, an AFLE proof of concept and roadmap for public health planning was developed to support and provide opportunities for people as they age to reap the socioeconomic benefits of their local and virtual communities and help them become well integrated, valued and contributory members of society.