bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the employee/employer relationships in the corporate social responsibility context: An empirical investigation of SMEs
Authors: Bastian Fanny , Poussing Nicolas
Published: February 2023

With the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR), firms are invited to identify, consult and take into account the expectations of their stakeholders. In this context, firms are expected to promote direct relationships with their employees while employee participation traditionally took the form of indirect institutional participation via trade unions or employee representatives. By mobilizing stakeholder theory, this study aims to analyze the impact of adopting a CSR approach on the existence of direct relationships between employees and employers. Three relationships are analyzed: information, consultation, and dialog. Using survey data, the empirical analysis shows that SMEs which have adopted a CSR approach in the social field are more likely to inform and consult their employees; but the adoption of CSR is not linked to dialog with them. This research is closely linked to the sustainable development goals 8.8 and 16.7 and gives new argument to promote CSR in SMEs. In particular, our findings underline the importance of CSR as a driver of employer–employee relationships because the CSR‐oriented companies seem more open to stakeholder dialogs with employees. This argument is relevant to companies that are seeking to implement, CSR, innovative human resources practices and industrial relations policies to improve working conditions and to create a win–win situation. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating environmental DNA monitoring to inform eel (Anguilla anguilla) status in freshwaters at their easternmost range—A case study in Cyprus
Authors: Griffiths Nathan P. , Wright Rosalind M. , Hänfling Bernd , Bolland Jonathan D. , Drakou Katerina , Sellers Graham S. , Zogaris Stamatis , Tziortzis Iakovos , Dörflinger Gerald , Vasquez Marlen I.
Published: February 2023

Despite significant population declines and targeted European Union regulations aimed at Anguilla anguilla conservation, little attention has been given to their status at their easternmost range. This study applies wide‐scale integrated monitoring to uncover the present‐day eel distribution in Cyprus' inland freshwaters. These are subject to increasing pressures from water supply requirements and dam construction, as seen throughout the Mediterranean. We applied environmental DNA metabarcoding of water samples to determine A. anguilla distribution in key freshwater catchments. In addition, we present this alongside 10 years of electrofishing/netting data. Refuge traps were also deployed to establish the timing of glass eel recruitment. These outputs are used together, alongside knowledge of the overall fish community and barriers to connectivity, to provide eel conservation and policy insights. This study confirm the presence of A. anguilla in Cyprus' inland freshwaters, with recruitment occurring in March. Eel distribution is restricted to lower elevation areas, and is negatively associated with distance from coast and barriers to connectivity. Many barriers to connectivity are identified, though eels were detected in two reservoirs upstream of dams. The overall fish community varies between freshwater habitat types. Eels are much more widespread in Cyprus than previously thought, yet mostly restricted to lowland intermittent systems. These findings make a case to reconsider the requirement for eel management plans. Environmental DNA‐based data collected in 2020 indicate that “present‐day” eel distribution is representative of 10‐year survey trends. Suggesting that inland freshwaters may act as an unrealized refuge at A. anguilla's easternmost range. Conservation efforts in Mediterranean freshwaters should focus on improving connectivity, therefore enabling eels to access inland perennial refugia. Thus, mitigating the impact of climate change and the growing number of fragmented artificially intermittent river systems.
Inotropic therapy in patients with advanced heart failure. A clinical consensus statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Gustafsson Finn , Damman Kevin , Nalbantgil Sanem , Van Laake Linda W. , Tops Laurens F. , Thum Thomas , Adamopoulos Stamatis , Bonios Michael , Coats Andrew JS , Crespo‐Leiro Maria G. , Mehra Mandeep R. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Hill Loreena , Metra Marco , Jankowska Ewa , de Jonge Nicolaas , Kaye David , Masetti Marco , Parissis John , Milicic Davor , Seferovic Petar , Rosano Giuseppe , Ben Gal Tuvia
Published: February 2023

This clinical consensus statement reviews the use of inotropic support in patients with advanced heart failure. The current guidelines only support use of inotropes in the setting of acute decompensated heart failure with evidence of organ malperfusion or shock. However, inotropic support may be reasonable in other patients with advanced heart failure without acute severe decompensation. The clinical evidence supporting use of inotropes in these situations is reviewed. Particularly, patients with persistent congestion, systemic hypoperfusion, or advanced heart failure with need for palliation, and specific situations relevant to implantation of left ventricular assist devices or heart transplantation are discussed. Traditional and novel drugs with inotropic effects are discussed and use of guideline‐directed therapy during inotropic support is reviewed. Finally, home inotropic therapy is described, and palliative care and end‐of‐life aspects are reviewed in relation to management of ongoing inotropic support (including guidance for maintenance and weaning of chronic inotropic therapy support).
Mind the housing inclusion gap: The voice of people with disabilities in German housing politics
Authors: Slavici Melanie
Published: February 2023

Accessible housing is essential for disabled and elderly people with physical restraints to live independently. In reality, however, there is a considerable lack of accessible housing in Germany. While investigating the reasons for this insufficient supply, this article discusses the underlying policy mix and scrutinizes German accessible housing politics. Based on 50 semi‐structured interviews in the two states Saxony‐Anhalt and Hesse, it identifies the weak political influence of disability lobbyists as the primary reason. Lacking structural, organizational, and institutional power, they do not get access to decision‐makers in housing politics but are labeled as social policy actors. On the other hand, housing and building industries have considerable resources to push their housing policy agenda. Nevertheless, the empirical findings clearly show the challenging endeavor of integrating social and building policies in accessible housing while contributing to the overarching understanding of politics in minor policy fields.
Risk‐targeted seismic design for collapse safety of SMA‐based structures considering temperature effect
Authors: Chen Junbai , Wang Wei , Fang Cheng
Published: February 2023

A risk‐targeted seismic design method for shape memory alloy (SMA)‐based structures is proposed in this study, taking account of temperature effect and the uncertainty of regional temperature distribution. To facilitate discussion of the overall performance of SMA‐based structures, the thermo‐mechanical behaviors of both SMA material and SMA‐based self‐centering braces (SMA‐SCB) are first introduced, where an advanced simulation method is developed. Aided by an extensive parametric study, the collapse capacity of SMA‐based structural systems is comprehensively investigated, where the predominant factors controlling the seismic performance are revealed. Based on the results, the concepts of collapse capacity‐temperature function and temperature‐modified collapse capacity are introduced in this study. The temperature‐modified collapse capacity combines the information of regional temperature distribution and temperature‐dependent behavior of the SMA‐based structures. The temperature‐modified collapse capacity is developed to determine the risk‐targeted design spectral acceleration for satisfying the specific risk‐targeted performance objective. The procedure of the proposed design method is then demonstrated by examining a three‐story SMA‐based self‐centering braced frame (SMA‐SCBF) building in a selected seismic‐active region, followed by a probabilistic method to evaluate the collapse risk. The results manifest that by using the proposed design method, the SMA‐based structures can successfully achieve acceptable performance during the design service life, and the influence of temperature should be carefully taken into consideration in both assessment and design phases.
Projected water table depth changes of the world's major groundwater basins
Authors: Costantini Maya , Colin Jeanne , Decharme Bertrand
Published: February 2023

As groundwater found in aquifers is the main reservoir of freshwater for
human activity, knowledge of the future response of groundwater to
climate change is key for improving water management adaptation plans.
We analyse the climate-driven evolution of future levels of unconfined
aquifers in the 218 world’s major groundwater basins in global climate
simulations following the latest IPCC scenarios, run with models able to
capture feedbacks among climate, land use and groundwater. We find a
rising of groundwater levels on global average, which is consistent with
the projected global intensification of precipitation. This signal
presents large regional disparities which mostly match the patterns of
precipitation changes. As the climate models we used do not simulate
human groundwater withdrawals (irrigation as well as domestic and
industrial uses) which represent the other main driver of groundwater
levels evolution, we also use FAO maps of present-day irrigated areas
and projections of population in 2100 to identify regions where
groundwater withdrawals could exacerbate the projected depletion, or
even reverse a projected rise into a depletion. Depending on the
scenario, we then find a rise (respectively a depletion) of groundwater
levels in 2100 over 33[28-39]% to 42[41-45]% (respectively
26[25-32]% to 37[36-40]%) of the area covered by the 218
world’s major groundwater basins. And we estimate that 31[29-36]%
to 43[42-44]% of the world’s population could be affected by these
groundwater changes, facing either water scarcity issues (for
29[27-33]% to 40[39-40]% of the population), or increased
risks of flooding (for 1.7[1.5-2.2]% to 2.2[2.2-2.4]% of the
population).
Precipitation-driven gamma radiation enhancement over the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Barbosa Susana M , Dias Nuno , Almeida Carlos , Silva Guilherme Amaral , Ferreira António , Camilo António , Silva Eduardo
Published: February 2023

Gamma radiation over the Atlantic Ocean Gamma radiation over the
Atlantic Ocean was measured continuously from January to May 2020 by a
NaI(Tl) detector installed on board the Portuguese navy’s ship NRP
Sagres. Enhancements in the gamma radiation values are identified
automatically by an algorithm for detection of anomalies in mean and
variance as well as by visual inspection. The anomalies are typically
+50% above the background level and relatively rare events
(~ < 10% of the days). All the detected
anomalies are associated with simultaneous precipitation events,
consistent with the wet deposition of scavenged radionuclides. The
enhancements are detected in the open ocean even at large distances (+
500 km) from the nearest coastline. Back trajectories reveal that half
of these events are associated with air masses experiencing continental
land influences, but the other half don’t display evidence of recent
land contact. The enhancements in gamma radiation very far from land and
with no evidence of continental fetch from back trajectories are
difficult to explain as resulting only from radionuclides with a
terrestrial source such as radon and its progeny. Further investigation
and additional measurements are needed to improve understanding on the
sources of ambient radioactivity in the open ocean and assess whether
gamma radiation in the marine environment is influenced not only by
radionuclides of terrestrial origin, but also cosmogenic radionuclides,
like Beryllium-7, formed in the upper atmosphere but with the ability to
be transported downward and serve as a tracer of the aerosols to which
it attaches.
Mobilising international resource management certification schemes: Re‐configuration of the global shark fin supply network by producers
Authors: Omoto Reiko
Published: February 2023

As one approach to publicising sustainability efforts at the local level for a wider audience, international resource management certification schemes and their eco‐label programmes have been widely used as a verification tool. The case of Japanese shark fishery based in Kesennuma, Miyagi shows the full picture of the current global context behind a highly controversial commodity: shark fins. Campaigns against shark finning directed by environmental NGOs have led to shark fin being taken off the menu at some Chinese high‐class hotels. The shark fishery in Kesennuma is currently working toward obtaining Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification to prove that their shark products are not the result of finning, with the expectation that the certification will provide a clear distinction between human moral issues and sustainable resource management issues. Drawing on this case, this paper analyses the network of cooperative stakeholders in order to re‐configure a global sustainable commodity network for shark fins. It has been almost a quarter century since MSC was officially launched as an independent organisation in 1997. Initially, MSC certification was a major strength of differentiation, allowing producers of certified seafood to sell at a higher price, but the acquisition of certification by multiple fisheries targeting the same or similar species has reduced the economic benefits for individual fisheries. By analysing the shark fishery, which require resource management on the high seas, this paper provides new insights into how MSC certification can be mobilised by producers.
Efficacy and safety of hydroxyzine for sleep in adults: Systematic review
Authors: Burgazli Courtney R. , Rana Krishna B. , Brown Jamie N. , Tillman Frank
Published: February 2023

Objective

The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the efficacy and safety of hydroxyzine for insomnia in adults.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases was conducted to identify relevant published studies through October 2022 using the search terms: hydroxyzine and sleep, insomnia, sleep disorder or sleep initiation and maintenance disorders. Studies identified for review included prospective, interventional designs or cohort trials that reported impact of hydroxyzine on sleep in adults. Animal studies, case reports, non‐English articles, letters to the editor, case studies, and conference abstracts were excluded. Data were extracted using a standardized systematic process.

Results

Five articles were identified for inclusion, including 1 open‐label and 4 randomized controlled trials, evaluating a total of 207 patients receiving hydroxyzine 25 mg, 50 mg, or 100 mg at bedtime. Mixed efficacy was demonstrated in the sleep measures of sleep onset, sleep maintenance, and sleep quality. The most common adverse drug effect was dry mouth, although 4 of the 5 studies did not report safety outcomes.

Conclusions

The studies in this review suggest hydroxyzine could be considered as a short‐term treatment option for adults with insomnia for whom previous therapy was ineffective, not tolerated, or contraindicated. Additional long‐term studies with an active comparator are needed to further establish its role in insomnia treatment.
AMP‐activated protein kinase‐farnesoid X receptor pathway contributes to oleanolic acid‐induced liver injury
Authors: Huang Jianxiang , Liao Songjie , Fu Xiaolong , Wang Yi , Zhou Shaoyu , Lu Yuanfu
Published: February 2023

Natural pentacyclic triterpenoid oleanolic acid (OA) is used as an over‐the‐counter drug for acute and chronic hepatitis. However, clinical use of OA‐containing herbal medicines has been reported to cause cholestasis, and the specific mechanism is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore how OA causes cholestatic liver injury via the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐farnesoid X receptor (FXR) pathway. In animal experiments, it was found that OA treatment activated AMPK and decreased FXR and bile acid efflux transport proteins expression. When intervened with the specific inhibitor Compound C (CC), it was observed that AMPK activation was inhibited, the reduction of FXR and bile acid efflux transport protein expression was effectively alleviated, serum biochemical indicators were significantly reduced, and liver pathological damage brought about by OA was effectively ameliorated. In addition, OA was found to downregulate the expression of FXR and bile acid efflux transport proteins by activating the ERK1/2‐LKB1‐AMPK pathway in cellular experiments. The ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 was used to pretreat primary hepatocytes, and this drastically reduced the phosphorylation levels of LKB1 and AMPK. The inhibition effects of OA on FXR and bile acid efflux transport proteins were also effectively alleviated after pretreatment with CC. In addition, OA‐induced downregulation of FXR gene and protein expression levels was significantly prevented after silencing AMPKα1 expression in AML12 cells. Our study demonstrated that OA inhibited FXR and bile acid efflux transporters through the activation of AMPK, thus leading to cholestatic liver injury.
Benchmarking applicability of medium‐resolution cryo‐EM protein structures for structure‐based drug design
Authors: Lee Seho , Seok Chaok , Park Hahnbeom
Published: February 2023

Cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) is gaining large attention for high‐resolution protein structure determination in solutions. However, a very high percentage of cryo‐EM structures correspond to resolutions of 3–5 Å, making the structures difficult to be used in in silico drug design. In this study, we analyze how useful cryo‐EM protein structures are for in silico drug design by evaluating ligand docking accuracy. From realistic cross‐docking scenarios using medium resolution (3–5 Å) cryo‐EM structures and a popular docking tool Autodock‐Vina, only 20% of docking succeeded, when the success rate doubles in the same kind of cross‐docking but using high‐resolution (<2 Å) crystal structures instead. We decipher the reason for failures by decomposing the contribution from resolution‐dependent and independent factors. The heterogeneity in the protein side‐chain and backbone conformations is identified as the major resolution‐dependent factor causing docking difficulty from our analysis, while intrinsic receptor flexibility mainly comprises the resolution‐independent factor. We demonstrate the flexibility implementation in current ligand docking tools is able to rescue only a portion of failures (10%), and the limited performance was majorly due to potential structural errors than conformational changes. Our work suggests the strong necessity of more robust method developments on ligand docking and EM modeling techniques in order to fully utilize cryo‐EM structures for in silico drug design.
Diagnostic challenges of renal medullary carcinoma and the role for cytologic assessment: Case report and literature review
Authors: Severseike Benjamin O. , Schafernak Kristian T. , Willard Scott D. , Goncalves Luis F. , Kothari Alok K. , Eshun Francis K. , Mangum Ross
Published: February 2023

Background

Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a diagnostically challenging, aggressive primary renal malignancy associated with abysmal survival. Delays in diagnosis contribute to most patients having diffusely metastatic disease at the time of initial presentation.

Methods

We present the case of a 13‐year‐old African American male with sickle cell trait who presented with a renal mass and hematuria. Evaluation included imaging, fluid cultures, and cytologic assessment.

Results

Patient was diagnosed with RMC based on cytologic assessment of sub‐centimeter fluid collections aspirated from the left kidney at the time of cortical biopsy for suspected renal mass. The additional fluid aspiration in conjunction with renal biopsy was an atypical but crucial step in early diagnosis.

Conclusion

Cytomorphologic evaluation of fluid biospecimens is not currently part of the standard work‐up for patients with renal masses but, when available, can provide crucial information that reduces time to diagnosis. Prompt symptom recognition and treatment initiation may improve patient outcomes.
The impact of phenylalanine levels during pregnancy on birth weight and later development in children born to women with phenylketonuria
Authors: Nielsen Maja Risager , Jørgensen Christine , Ahring Kirsten , Lund Allan Meldgaard , Ørngreen Mette Cathrine
Published: February 2023

Strict metabolic control with dietary treatment during pregnancy is essential for women with phenylketonuria (PKU), as elevated levels of phenylalanine (Phe) are toxic to the developing fetus. Maternal delay in achievement of the recommended Phe level during pregnancy is associated with delayed development of the child. However, the extent to which risk is changed by later or less stringently performed dietary treatment is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Phe levels and time of initiation of a Phe‐restricted diet in pregnant women with PKU on birth weight, head circumference and later development of their children. Birth data were obtained from the medical records of women with PKU giving birth in the period 1980–2020. Later development was investigated by interviewing the mothers about their children's development and health. We included 79 children of 41 women with PKU. The women showed good adherence with the diet and had mean blood Phe levels within target range (248 ± 62 μmol/L). The children's development was not affected by fluctuations in the women's Phe levels, that occurred especially in first trimester. Despite maternal Phe levels being within target range, 19 children (26.8%) had low birth weight below 10th percentile. This study indicates that with dietary treatment, the children are born with the same prospect for normal development and health as children born to non‐PKU mothers. This is despite maternal fluctuations in the Phe levels during first trimester.
Mechanical and biotic reclamation strategies for a post‐mine temperate grassland
Authors: Puffer Maureen , Limb Ryan F. , Daigh Aaron L. M. , Sedivec K. K.
Published: February 2023

Global energy production is in high demand and is expanding its development into new landscapes, including grasslands. This expansion has intensive impacts on aboveground and belowground components of grasslands which need to be addressed during reclamation to promote long‐term ecological integrity. This study was conducted to ascertain how alternative reclamation practices may improve soil structure (i.e., compaction) while aiding in the creation of conditions that are conducive to both the establishment and continued growth of native grassland plant species. The grassland was reclaimed with different combinations of seeding mixtures (grass or grass and forb), ripping techniques (subsoil ripping or topsoil ripping), and the integration of mulch into the soil profile. Year, seed mixtures, and ripping techniques and their interactions significantly affected community composition and species diversity. Topsoil‐ripping and grass‐forb treatment had a higher association with native, perennial grasses while subsoil‐ripping and grass treatment favor more short‐lived species. Similar trends persisted across penetration resistance and soil moisture readings where topsoil‐ripping and grass‐forb treatment were different from subsoil‐ripping and grass treatments (p ≤ 0.10). Additionally, Kentucky bluegrass, an invasive grass species, increased by 76% over 1 year and was more common in the topsoil‐ripping and grass‐forb treatments. While early in the reclamation process, results suggest topsoil‐ripping and grass‐forb treatment are promising combination reclamation practices that can establish a native grassland community and initiate the improvement of compacted soil conditions.
A generalized mean field type flow on a closed Riemann surface
Authors: Wang Yamin
Published: February 2023

Let be a closed Riemann surface. Let ψ, h be two smooth functions on Σ with and . In this paper, using the method of flow due to Castras (Pacific J. Math. 276(2015), no. 2, 321–345) and Sun–Zhu (Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 60(2021), no. 1, 26), we prove that the solution of the equation
exists under given conditions. This gives a new proof of the main results of Zhu (Nonlinear Anal. 169(2018), 38–58).
Convolution on distribution spaces characterized by regularization
Authors: Kleiner Tillmann , Hilfer Rudolf
Published: February 2023

Locally convex convolutor spaces are studied which consist of those distributions that define a continuous convolution operator mapping from the space of test functions into a given locally convex lattice of measures. The convolutor spaces are endowed with the topology of uniform convergence on bounded sets. Their locally convex structure is characterized via regularization and function‐valued seminorms under mild structural assumptions on the space of measures. Many recent generalizations of classical distribution spaces turn out to be special cases of the general convolutor spaces introduced here. Recent topological characterizations of convolutor spaces via regularization are extended and improved. A valuable property of the convolutor spaces in applications is that convolution of distributions inherits continuity properties from those of bilinear convolution mappings between the locally convex lattices of measures.
Bundling or not bundling: Sequential bundling in e‐commerce distribution channels
Authors: Pu Xujin , He Shizhen , Han Guanghua
Published: February 2023

Sequential bundling is becoming increasingly popular in e‐commerce sales. We study sequential bundling in a distribution channel when the e‐tailer sells both her private‐label products and the manufacturer's products. The e‐tailer decides whether to adopt sequential bundling and selects promotional products. We find that manufacturer sets a low wholesale price under sequential bundling, which is also profitable for the e‐tailer and in some cases can produce a win–win outcome. We also show that the use of sequential bundling by the e‐tailer can promote total channel profits only when the marginal production cost of the manufacturer's product is high.
An ETD method for multi‐asset American option pricing under jump‐diffusion model
Authors: Company Rafael , Egorova Vera N. , Jódar Lucas
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we propose a numerical method for American multi‐asset options under jump‐diffusion model based on the combination of the exponential time differencing (ETD) technique for the differential operator and Gauss–Hermite quadrature for the integral term. In order to simplify the computational stencil and improve characteristics of the ETD‐scheme mixed derivative eliminating transformation is applied. The results are compared with recently proposed methods.
The role of anatomical context in soft‐tissue multi‐organ segmentation of cadaveric non‐contrast‐enhanced whole body CT
Authors: Lewis Steven , Inglis Stuart , Doyle Scott
Published: February 2023

Background

Cadaveric computed tomography (CT) image segmentation is a difficult task to solve, especially when applied to whole‐body image volumes. Traditional algorithms require preprocessing using registration, or highly conserved organ morphologies. These requirements cannot be fulfilled by cadaveric specimens, so deep learning must be used to overcome this limitation. Further, the widespread use of 2D algorithms for volumetric data ignores the role of anatomical context. The use of 3D spatial context for volumetric segmentation of CT scans as well as the anatomical context required to optimize the segmentation has not been adequately explored.

Purpose

To determine whether 2D slice‐by‐slice UNet algorithms or 3D volumetric UNet (VNet) algorithms provide a more effective method for segmenting 3D volumes, and to what extent anatomical context plays in the segmentation of soft‐tissue organs in cadaveric, noncontrast‐enhanced (NCE) CT.

Methods

We tested five CT segmentation algorithms: 2D UNets with and without 3D data augmentation (3D rotations) as well as VNets with three levels of anatomical context (implemented via image downsampling at 1X, 2X, and 3X) for their performance via 3D Dice coefficients, and Hausdorff distance calculations. The classifiers were trained to segment the kidneys and liver and the performance was evaluated using Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance on the segmentation versus the ground truth annotation.

Results

Our results demonstrate that VNet algorithms perform significantly better () than 2D models. Among the VNet classifiers, those that use some level of image downsampling outperform (as calculated through Dice coefficients) the VNet without downsampling. Additionally, the optimal amount of downsampling depends on the target organ.

Conclusions

Anatomical context is an important component of soft‐tissue, multi‐organ segmentation in cadaveric, NCE CT imaging of the whole body. Different amounts of anatomical contexts are optimal depending on the size, position, and surrounding tissue of the organ.
Imaging‐based assessment of fatty acid composition in human bone marrow adipose tissue at 7 T: Method comparison and in vivo feasibility
Authors: Emin Sevgi , Oei Edwin H. G. , Englund Martin , Peterson Pernilla
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of chemical shift–encoded imaging of the fatty acid composition (FAC) of human bone marrow adipose tissue at 7 T, and to determine suitable image‐acquisition parameters using simulations.

Methods

The noise performance of FAC estimation was investigated using simulations with a range of inter‐echo time, and accuracy was assessed using a phantom experiment. Furthermore, one knee of 8 knee‐healthy subjects (ages 35–54 years) was imaged, and the fractions of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were mapped. Values were compared between reconstruction methods, and between anatomical regions.

Results

Based on simulations, ΔTE = 0.6 ms was chosen. The phantom experiment demonstrated high accuracy of especially SFA using a constrained reconstruction model (slope = 1.1, average bias = −0.2%). The lowest accuracy was seen for PUFA using a free model (slope = 2.0, average bias = 9.0%). For in vivo images, the constrained model resulted in lower intersubject variation compared with the free model (e.g., in the femoral shaft, the SFA percent‐point range was within 1.0% [vs. 3.0%]). Furthermore, significant regional FAC differences were detected. For example, using the constrained approach, the femoral SFA in the medial condyle was lower compared with the shaft (median [range]: 27.9% [27.1%, 28.4%] vs. 32.5% [31.8%, 32.8%]).

Conclusion

Bone marrow adipose tissue FAC quantification using chemical‐shift encoding is feasible at 7 T. Both the noise performance and accuracy of the technique are superior using a constrained signal model.
Calibrationless reconstruction of uniformly‐undersampled multi‐channel MR data with deep learning estimated ESPIRiT maps
Authors: Zhang Junhao , Yi Zheyuan , Zhao Yujiao , Xiao Linfang , Hu Jiahao , Man Christopher , Lau Vick , Su Shi , Chen Fei , Leong Alex T. L. , Wu Ed X.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To develop a truly calibrationless reconstruction method that derives An Eigenvalue Approach to Autocalibrating Parallel MRI (ESPIRiT) maps from uniformly‐undersampled multi‐channel MR data by deep learning.

Methods

ESPIRiT, one commonly used parallel imaging reconstruction technique, forms the images from undersampled MR k‐space data using ESPIRiT maps that effectively represents coil sensitivity information. Accurate ESPIRiT map estimation requires quality coil sensitivity calibration or autocalibration data. We present a U‐Net based deep learning model to estimate the multi‐channel ESPIRiT maps directly from uniformly‐undersampled multi‐channel multi‐slice MR data. The model is trained using fully‐sampled multi‐slice axial brain datasets from the same MR receiving coil system. To utilize subject‐coil geometric parameters available for each dataset, the training imposes a hybrid loss on ESPIRiT maps at the original locations as well as their corresponding locations within the standard reference multi‐slice axial stack. The performance of the approach was evaluated using publicly available T1‐weighed brain and cardiac data.

Results

The proposed model robustly predicted multi‐channel ESPIRiT maps from uniformly‐undersampled k‐space data. They were highly comparable to the reference ESPIRiT maps directly computed from 24 consecutive central k‐space lines. Further, they led to excellent ESPIRiT reconstruction performance even at high acceleration, exhibiting a similar level of errors and artifacts to that by using reference ESPIRiT maps.

Conclusion

A new deep learning approach is developed to estimate ESPIRiT maps directly from uniformly‐undersampled MR data. It presents a general strategy for calibrationless parallel imaging reconstruction through learning from the coil and protocol‐specific data.
A realist evaluation of a support and training program for family caregivers in the municipality of Envigado: A research protocol
Authors: Chavarría Vargas Daniel de Jesús , Matagira Rondón Giselly , Agudelo Cifuentes Maite Catalina , Morales Mesa Santiago Alberto , Ouellet Nicole , Bergeron Dave A.
Published: February 2023

Aims

In Envigado, Colombia, the Secretariat of Health has implemented, since 2011, an interprofessional program involving nurses to support and train relatives to improve the quality of life of people with a loss of autonomy and their family caregivers. The objectives of this study are to assess the outcomes of this program and to explore the contextual elements and mechanisms that can explain these outcomes.

Design

This article presents the research protocol for a realist evaluation that will be carried out to gather the perspectives of various local stakeholders involved.

Methods

Four outcomes on family caregivers will be measured quantitatively using self‐administered questionnaires and numerical scales. Contextual elements and mechanisms will then be explored qualitatively through focus groups and individual interviews. An iterative analysis will enable the refinement of a program theory.

Results

The results will inform a program theory that underlies the outcomes of the family caregiver support and training program.

Patient or Public Contribution

Community stakeholders, family caregivers, people with a loss of autonomy and their relatives will be involved in data collection and/or in the validation of the program theory.
Effective hybridization ofSiO2microsphere and graphene with tannic acid interface modifier for fabrication of multifunctional natural rubber/graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Du Yuqian , Wang Xueya , Zhou Ziwen , Zhao Feng , Li Song , Liu Zhihua , Wu Zhengyu , Zhao Shuai , Li Lin
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, although highly conductive polymer composites filled with two‐dimensional graphene‐based nano‐fillers have been explored extensively, constructing nanocomposites with high performance, industrial feasibility, and more efficient conductive networks at lower nano‐filler contents remains a challenge. To achieve the above objectives, industrial wastes microsilica powder (N98) with amorphous spherical structure and large particle size is employed in this work. And the hybrids (TGN) are obtained between N98 and graphene (GE) by the effective bridging and interface coupling of tannic acid, which can achieve the purpose of obtaining conductive composites with low‐filler contents by traditional polymer processing technologies. The volume exclusion effect of N98 and its own assisted dispersion effect can prevent and attenuate graphene agglomeration, enabling the formation of a dense, complete and uniform conductive network in natural rubber (NR) matrix based on a small amount of graphene addition (parts per thousand). Thus, it give the nanocomposite highly functional, especially electric property. The results show that when the ratio of GE to N98 hybridization is 1:20, N98 and graphene are more uniformly hybridized together, and the volume exclusion effect is best matched with the rubber composites, and the comprehensive performance is optimal. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of NR/TG1N20nanocomposite can reach the balanced value of 10−3 S·cm−1with the GE loading of 0.48 phr, which shows the effectiveness of the prepared hybrids.
Particle‐induced degradation of III–V multi‐junction solar cells under different configurations of displacement damage dose
Authors: Duzellier Sophie , Nuns Thierry , Rey Romain , Pons Claude , Yjjou Soufian , Varotsou Athina , Baur Carsten , Noemayr Christel , Gras Ana , de Olcoz Ainhoa Martinez
Published: February 2023

The solar arrays of spacecrafts are subjected to a severe radiative environment. Associated degradation rates are dependent on operational orbit configuration. The current approach used in models and tools to determine power degradation shall thus be validated to ensure good prediction accuracy. This paper reports on extensive irradiation test campaigns realized on triple‐junction solar cells to compare degradation induced by different configurations of irradiation reproducing nominally the same displacement damage dose (DDD) in the active layer. These test campaigns data are used to support the validation of a new tool developed to optimize prediction accuracy of solar cell degradation. The DDD equivalence between front/rear irradiation on solar cell assemblies and on bare solar cells, between different electron and proton energies, as well as the verification of the superposition principle are addressed. Results are conclusive regarding the equivalence of degradation obtained with electrons, protons and/or combined electrons and protons, accounting for local shielding.
Insights into the moisture‐induced degradation mechanisms on field‐deployed CIGS modules
Authors: Villa Simona , Aninat Rémi , Yilmaz Pelin , Kingma Aldo , Dziechciarz Mikolaj , van den Berg Joran , Bakker Klaas , Theelen Mirjam
Published: February 2023

Moisture ingress is known to be one of the most frequent and detrimental causes of photovoltaic (PV) modules degradation. In an original approach, the present work applies the full analytic capability of lab‐scale equipment to characterize a commercial Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGS) module that degraded in the field due to moisture ingress. By extracting (coring) and unpackaging samples from different areas of the module, we are able to track the propagation of the degradation mechanisms with respect to both material and electrical properties. The three following locations in the device were found to be affected by the water ingress: first, the encapsulant, ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA), resulting in delamination and acetic acid formation; second, the molybdenum (Mo) back contact, which oxidizes and corrodes entirely at the P3 scribes; lastly, the ZnO front contact, through the formation of Zn‐based hydroxides and its further reaction with the Mo migrating from the degraded scribes. The main impact on the electrical properties is an increase in series resistance and a decrease in both open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current. In the last degradation stage, that is, the most degraded area of the module, a complete performance loss is observed. The results of this work further our understanding of the physics and chemistry involved in the moisture‐induced degradation in CIGS modules. In particular, the study highlights the interactions between the various degradation products and associated degradation mechanisms. These results also illustrate the broader potential of the coring and unpackaging method for reliability studies of full‐sized, field‐degraded commercial PV modules.
Introduction to the 3GPP‐defined NTN standard: A comprehensive view on the 3GPP work on NTN
Authors: El Jaafari Mohamed , Chuberre Nicolas , Anjuere Stephane , Combelles Laurent
Published: February 2023

With the recent publication of a set of technical specifications in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) related to non‐terrestrial network (NTN) enhancements, a global standard for satellite systems is newly defined aiming to support any orbit, any frequency band, and any device. It opens the door for the seamless integration of satellite network component in 5G system and beyond, delivering the promise of a ubiquitous mobile system that can support new use cases. The emergence of hybrid terrestrial‐satellite systems is the result of a joint effort between stakeholders of both mobile and satellite industries and is paving the way to new business opportunities. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive view on this 3GPP NTN standard and what are the next steps.
A Combination of Bio‐Orthogonal Supramolecular Clicking and Proximity Chemical Tagging as a Supramolecular Tool for Discovery of Putative Proteins Associated with Laminopathic Disease
Authors: Sim Jaehwan , Lee Ara , Kim Dasom , Kim Kyung Lock , Park Bum‐Joon , Park Kyeng Min , Kim Kimoon
Published: February 2023

Protein mutations alter protein–protein interactions that can lead to a number of illnesses. Mutations in lamin A (LMNA) have been reported to cause laminopathies. However, the proteins associated with the LMNA mutation have mostly remained unexplored. Herein, a new chemical tool for proximal proteomics is reported, developed by a combination of proximity chemical tagging and a bio‐orthogonal supramolecular latching based on cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7])‐based host–guest interactions. As this host–guest interaction acts as a noncovalent clickable motif that can be unclicked on‐demand, this new chemical tool is exploited for reliable detection of the proximal proteins of LMNA and its mutant that causes laminopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Most importantly, a comparison study reveals, for the first time, mutant‐dependent alteration in LMNA proteomic environments, which allows to identify putative laminopathic DCM‐linked proteins including FOXJ3 and CELF2. This study demonstrates the feasibility of this chemical tool for reliable proximal proteomics, and its immense potential as a new research platform for discovering biomarkers associated with protein mutation‐linked diseases.
Incommensurately Modulated Structure in AgCuSe‐Based Thermoelectric Materials for Intriguing Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Yang Qingyu , Ming Chen , Qiu Pengfei , Zhou Zhengyang , Qiu Xianxiu , Gao Zhiqiang , Deng Tingting , Chen Lidong , Shi Xun
Published: February 2023

AgCuSe‐based materials have attracted great attentions recently in thermoelectric (TE) field due to their extremely high electron mobility, ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, and abnormal “brittle‐ductile” transition at room temperature. However, although the investigation on the crystal structure of AgCuSe low‐temperature phase (named as β‐AgCuSe) was started more than half a century before, it is still in controversy yet, which greatly limits the understanding of its intriguing electrical, thermal, and mechanical performance. In this work, via adopting the advanced three‐dimensional electron diffraction technique, this study finds that the AgCuSe‐based materials crystalize in an incommensurately modulated structure with an orthorhombic Pmmn(0β1/2)s00 superspace group. The local lattice distortion in the incommensurately modulated structure has weak effects on the conduction band minimum due to the delocalized and isotropic feature of Ag 5s states, leading to high carrier mobility. Likewise, the inhomogeneous, weak, and anisotropic Ag‐Se bonds result in the high degree of anharmonicity and ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. Furthermore, alloying S in AgCuSe reinforces the interaction between the adjacent Ag‐Se layers, yielding the “brittle‐ductile” transition at room temperature. This work well interprets the structure–performance relationship of AgCuSe‐based materials and sheds light on the future investigation of this class of promising TE materials.
Degradable Bottlebrush Polypeptides and the Impact of their Architecture on Cell Uptake, Pharmacokinetics, and Biodistribution In Vivo
Authors: Strasser Paul , Montsch Bianca , Weiss Silvia , Sami Haider , Kugler Christoph , Hager Sonja , Schueffl Hemma , Mader Robert , Brüggemann Oliver , Kowol Christian R. , Ogris Manfred , Heffeter Petra , Teasdale Ian
Published: February 2023

Bottlebrush polymers are highly promising as unimolecular nanomedicines due to their unique control over the critical parameters of size, shape and chemical function. However, since they are prepared from biopersistent carbon backbones, most known bottlebrush polymers are non‐degradable and thus unsuitable for systemic therapeutic administration. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of novel poly(organo)phosphazene‐g‐poly(α‐glutamate) (PPz‐g‐PGA) bottlebrush polymers with exceptional control over their structure and molecular dimensions (Dh ≈ 15–50 nm). These single macromolecules show outstanding aqueous solubility, ultra‐high multivalency and biodegradability, making them ideal as nanomedicines. While well‐established in polymer therapeutics, it has hitherto not been possible to prepare defined single macromolecules of PGA in these nanosized dimensions. A direct correlation was observed between the macromolecular dimensions of the bottlebrush polymers and their intracellular uptake in CT26 colon cancer cells. Furthermore, the bottlebrush macromolecular structure visibly enhanced the pharmacokinetics by reducing renal clearance and extending plasma half‐lives. Real‐time analysis of the biodistribution dynamics showed architecture‐driven organ distribution and enhanced tumor accumulation. This work, therefore, introduces a robust, controlled synthesis route to bottlebrush polypeptides, overcoming limitations of current polymer‐based nanomedicines and, in doing so, offers valuable insights into the influence of architecture on the in vivo performance of nanomedicines.
High‐Entropy Perovskites for Energy Conversion and Storage: Design, Synthesis, and Potential Applications
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Liu Jiapeng , Song Yufei , Yu Jing , Tian Yunfeng , Robson Matthew James , Wang Jian , Zhang Zhiqi , Lin Xidong , Zhou Guodong , Wang Zheng , Shen Longyun , Zhao Hailei , Grasso Salvatore , Ciucci Francesco
Published: February 2023

Perovskites have shown tremendous promise as functional materials for several energy conversion and storage technologies, including rechargeable batteries, (electro)catalysts, fuel cells, and solar cells. Due to their excellent operational stability and performance, high‐entropy perovskites (HEPs) have emerged as a new type of perovskite framework. Herein, this work reviews the recent progress in the development of HEPs, including synthesis methods and applications. Effective strategies for the design of HEPs through atomistic computations are also surveyed. Finally, an outlook of this field provides guidance for the development of new and improved HEPs.