bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrosion modified fatigue analysis for next-generation damage-tolerant management
Authors: Brown Nathan , Clark Brandi , Kramer Patrick , Co Noelle Easter C. , Friedersdorf Fritz , Burns James
Published: July 2019

Although a great deal of success in structural integrity management has been achieved, it may be realized by excessively conservative assumptions, high inspection burdens, and aggressive maintenance and repair strategies. Corrosion has been found to reduce fatigue life, but methods to account for it in fatigue modeling are still limited. There is a recognized need to improve structural integrity calculations through the inclusion of the effect of existing corrosion damage on fatigue. The feasibility of a corrosion modified fatigue analysis process that uses finite element analysis and linear elastic fracture mechanics techniques to predict fatigue life of a corroded aircraft component based on the corrosion damage location is demonstrated in this work. A corrosion modified equivalent flaw size was successfully used to predict fatigue crack growth from AA7075-T651 specimens with two different notch geometries and corrosion damage at the notch center.
Drug S-oxidation and phenylalanine hydroxylase: a biomarker for neurodegenerative susceptibility in Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Rawlings Lucinda , Turton Laura , Mitchell Stephen C. , Steventon Glyn B.
Published: June 2019

Background

The S-oxidation of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine has been reported previously to be a biomarker of disease susceptibility in Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the present investigation, the original observations have been extended and confirmed.

Methods

Meta-analysis of previously published investigations into the S-oxidation polymorphism together with new subject data was evaluated.

Results

The incidence of the poor metaboliser phenotype (no urinary recovery of S-oxide metabolites) was found to be 3%–7% within healthy and non-neurological disease populations, whereas 38% of the Parkinson’s disease subjects and 39% of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis group were phenotyped as poor metabolisers. The consequent odds risk ratio of developing Parkinson’s disease was calculated to be 33.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 13.3–86.1] and for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was 35.2 (95% CI, 13.0–85.1).

Conclusions

The possible involvement of the enzyme responsible for this S-oxidation biotransformation reaction, phenylalanine hydroxylase, should be further investigated to elucidate its potential role in the mechanism(s) of toxicity in susceptible individuals displaying these diseases. The “Janus hypothesis,” possibly explaining why phenylalanine hydroxylase is a biomarker of neurodegenerative disease susceptibility, together with the general theme that this concept may apply to many other hitherto unsuspected enzyme systems, is presented.
Entamoeba histolytica liver abscess case: could stool PCR avoid it?
Authors: Bernet Sánchez Albert , Bellés Bellés Alba , Aramburu Arnuelos Jesus , Jover Sanz Alfredo , Sesé Abizanda Eva , Vallverdú Vidal Montserrat , García González Mercè
Published: June 2019

Background

Liver abscess is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of Entamoeba histolytica. Clinical manifestations could appear after returning from an endemic area or several years after the exposure. The diagnosis usually requires microbiological confirmation.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with Crohn’s disease treated with immunosuppressive drugs, who was admitted to the Emergency Service with liver parenchyma abscesses. Computed tomography (CT)-guided puncture showed pus, and both Gram staining and fresh parasite visualization were negative. Hepatic pus bacteriological culture was reported as negative and parasite multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed, being positive for E. histolytica. The same PCR was performed on blood, pleural fluid and stool samples, all of them being positive for E. histolytica.

Conclusions

Reviewing the clinical history of this patient, it was observed that parasite detection in three stool samples was negative 2 months before the current admission. Due to the lack of sensitivity of the microscopy techniques, we propose to routinely perform parasite detection in stools using molecular techniques, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Lignin analysis with benchtop NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Rönnols Jerk , Danieli Ernesto , Freichels Hélène , Aldaeus Fredrik
Published: June 2019

Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an emerging field with an appealing profile for industrial applications. The instrumentation offers the possibility to measure NMR spectra in situations where high-field NMR spectroscopy is considered too expensive or complicated. In this study, we investigated the scope and limitations of 1H NMR measurements on kraft lignins and black liquors at low magnetic field strengths (1.0 and 1.5 T). The ability to quantify different classes of compounds was investigated and found to be promising. NMR-based diffusion measurements were performed, with the aim of gaining insight into the molar mass of the lignins at hand. These measurements were fast, repeatable and in good agreement with established methods.
Actin(g) on mitochondria – a role for cofilin1 in neuronal cell death pathways
Authors: Hoffmann Lena , Rust Marco B. , Culmsee Carsten
Published: June 2019

Actin dynamics, the coordinated assembly and disassembly of actin filaments (F-actin), are essential for fundamental cellular processes, including cell shaping and motility, cell division or organelle transport. Recent studies highlighted a novel role for actin dynamics in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology and function, for example, through mitochondrial recruitment of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a key factor in the mitochondrial fission machinery. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, and permanent fission and fusion is essential to maintain their function in energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we summarize recent insights into the emerging role of cofilin1, a key regulator of actin dynamics, for mitochondrial shape and function under physiological conditions and during cellular stress, respectively. This is of peculiar importance in neurons, which are particularly prone to changes in actin regulation and mitochondrial integrity and function. In neurons, cofilin1 may contribute to degenerative processes through formation of cofilin-actin rods, and through enhanced mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and the release of cytochrome c. Overall, mitochondrial impairment induced by dysfunction of actin-regulating proteins such as cofilin1 emerge as important mechanisms of neuronal death with relevance to acute brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s disease.
Leaving No one Behind: Some Conceptual and Empirical Issues
Authors: Klasen Stephan , Fleurbaey Marc
Published: June 2019

This paper provides an overview of the conceptual and empirical issues involved in the overarching goal of “leaving no one behind” (LNOB). After reviewing some existing documents on the topic, it proposes ways to operationalize LNOB, discusses whether to take a country-focused or person-focused approach, examines various (multidimensional) ways to measure those who are left behind, argues for grounding LNOB on intrinsic and instrumental reasons, suggests ways to identify those at risk of being left behind, and discusses difficult trade-offs with other SDGs for an agenda focused on LNOB.
Kluitenberg–Verhás Rheology of Solids in the GENERIC Framework
Authors: Szücs Mátyás , Fülöp Tamás
Published: June 2019

The internal variable methodology of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, with a symmetric tensorial internal variable, provides an important rheological model family for solids, the so-called Kluitenberg–Verhás model family [Cs. Asszonyi et al., Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 27, 2015]. This model family is distinguished not only by theoretical aspects but also on experimental grounds (see [Cs. Asszonyi et al., Period. Polytech., Civ. Eng. 60, 2016] for plastics and [W. Lin et al., Rock Engineering in Difficult Ground Conditions (Soft Rock and Karst), Proceedings of Eurock’09, 2009; K. Matsuki, K. Takeuchi, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 30, 1993; K. Matsuki, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 45, 2008] for rocks). In this article, we present and discuss how the internal variable formulation of the Kluitenberg–Verhás model family can be presented in the non-equilibrium thermodynamical framework GENERIC (General Equation for the Non-Equilibrium Reversible–Irreversible Coupling) [H. C. Öttinger, Beyond Equilibrium Thermodynamics, 2005; M. Grmela, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. 165, 2010; M. Grmela, H. C. Öttinger, Phys. Rev. E 56, 1997; H. C. Öttinger, M. Grmela, Phys. Rev. E 56, 1997], for the benefit of both thermodynamical methodologies and promising practical applications.
Enhancing Performance of Hybrid FSO/Fiber Optic Communication Link Utilizing Multi-Channel Configuration
Authors: Alnajjar Satea H. , Ali Mudhafar Hussein , Abass A. K.
Published: July 2019

Optical wireless is the alternative approach to complete the deployment of optical cable networks in case of failure in implementation. In optical wave the attenuation due to atmospheric turbulence conditions causes a performance degradation of a free space optical (FSO) system. Thus, it will lead to the deterioration of the signal power in the optical cable. To overcome these challenges, multi-channel FSO transmitter and erbium doped fiber in optical link was adopted with high transmission power. In this paper, a hybrid FSO/fiber optic (FSO/FO) link is simulated and investigated under different weather conditions. The proposed hybrid link is evaluated in terms of BER and Q-factor. The proposed system shows a closely performance as compared with the conventional FSO for whole investigation range from 200 m to 2000 m. While the communication distance with the hybrid link is increased by 40 km as compared to conventional FSO. The results show good agreement with Kim model, especially at high input power of 160 mW.
Plate Coupling Mechanism of the Central Andes Subduction: Insight from Gravity Model
Authors: Mahatsente Rezene
Published: June 2019

The Central Andes experienced major earthquake (Mw =8.2) in April 2014 in a region where the giant 1877 earthquake (Mw=8.8) occurred. The 2014 Iquique earthquake did not break the entire seismic gap zones as previously predicted. Geodetic and seismological observations indicate a highly coupled plate interface. To assess the locking mechanism of plate interfaces beneath Central Andes, a 2.5-D gravity model of the crust and upper mantle structure of the central segment of the subduction zone was developed based on terrestrial and satellite gravity data from the LAGEOS, GRACE and GOCE satellite missions. The densities and major structures of the gravity model are constrained by velocity models from receiver function and seismic tomography.

The gravity model defined details of crustal and slab structure necessary to understand the cause of megathrust asperity generation. The densities of the upper and lower crust in the fore-arc (2970 – 3000 kg m−3) are much higher than the average density of continental crust. The high density bodies are interpreted as plutonic or ophiolitic structures emplaced onto continental crust. The plutonic or ophiolitic structures may be exerting pressure on the Nazca slab and lock the plate interfaces beneath the Central Andes subduction zone. Thus, normal pressure exerted by high density fore-arc structures and buoyancy force may control plate coupling in the Central Andes. However, this interpretation does not exclude other possible factors controlling plate coupling in the Central Andes. Seafloor roughness and variations in pore-fluid pressure in sediments along subduction channel can affect plate coupling and asperity generation.
Fabrication of Cell-Derived Biomimetic Drug Delivery System
Authors: Zhou Yi , Wu Hong-Hui , Ping Yuan , Gao Jian-Qing
Published: June 2019

Functional biomaterials that are capable of effectively carrying therapeutic agents and specifically delivering therapeutics to pathological sites have been widely investigated over decades. Recently, cellular carriers and cell derivative-based bio-hybrid delivery systems have drawn extensive attention as a promising branch of therapeutic delivery systems, owing to their low immunogenicity and intriguing biomimetic capabilities. Various approaches for the fabrication of these biomimetic carriers have been developed, and some products have already been commercialized as well. In this review, we summarized various processing methods for engineering cell-derived biomimetic drug delivery systems, and discussed their future outlooks.
Crystal structure of 5-carboxy-2-(2-carboxyphenyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-4-carboxylate dihydrate, C12H8N2O6⋅2(H2O)
Authors: Li Xiao-Fei , Wang Ke , Zhang Wei , Fu Zi-Ying
Published: July 2019

C12H12N2O8, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 5.1122(5) Å, b = 15.0150(13) Å, c = 17.3561(15) Å, β = 95.152(4)°, V = 1326.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0711, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1509, T = 293(2) K.
Friend or foe? – B cells in stroke
Authors: Berchtold Daniel , Weitbrecht Luis , Meisel Christian , Meisel Andreas
Published: June 2019

Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Upon cerebral ischemia, an inflammatory reaction takes place in the brain. Infiltration of different immune cell subsets as well as activation of resident microglia cells have been shown to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on stroke outcome. For a long time, research in the field of adaptive immunity after stroke has mostly focused on T lymphocytes and only recently, several publications shed light on the importance of B lymphocytes in the acute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke. In this review, we will focus on the role of B cells in the ischemic brain and describe possible antibody-dependent and antibody-independent mechanisms in the development of post-stroke cognitive deficits.
God and Man as Unrepresentable Images
Authors: Canullo Carla
Published: June 2019

The Syrian bishop Theophilus of Antioch said: «Show me your man, and I will show you my God!». This sentence is a way of conveying that man is the image of God. Philosophical thought has attempted to grasp this image through the representation, which suggests the representation as both visual model and act of thought. The image as representation of thought is the method through which both God and man have been thought. This is confirmed by Immanuel Kant who, in the ‘transcendental Dialectic’ of the Critique of Pure Reason, showed that metaphysics thought both man (transcendental paralogism) and God (transcendental Ideal) as an ‘idea’. In contrast, Husserl’s phenomenology opened a new method by conceiving every image, and therefore also the image of God and man, not as a representation of thought but as a ‘phenomenon’ that manifests itself. The phenomenological method, based on the imperative “zu den Sachen selbst!”, would be adequate to grasp human essence that, like the divine one, is spiritual, indefinable and unrepresentable. In order to think this unrepresentability, the present paper investigates the work of Jean-Luc Marion, who thought the unrepresentable image of God and, therefore, of man, by distinguishing the image as an idol and as an icon. Above all, we will try to show that phenomenology allows us to grasp the image of God and man as an icon that cannot be constructed by thought.
Computational methods for NMR and MS for structure elucidation III: More advanced approaches
Authors: Bitchagno Gabin T. M. , Fobofou Tanemossu Serge Alain
Published: June 2019

The structural assignment of natural products, even with the very sophisticated one-dimensional and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) spectroscopic methods available today, is still a tedious and time-consuming task. Mass spectrometry (MS) is generally used for molecular mass determination, molecular formula generation and MS/MSn fragmentation patterns of molecules. In the meantime, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides spectra (e. g. 1 H, 13C and correlation spectra) whose interpretation allows the structure determination of known or unknown compounds. With the advance of high throughput studies, like metabolomics, the fast and automated identification or annotation of natural products became highly demanded. Some growing tools to meet this demand apply computational methods for structure elucidation. These methods act on characteristic parameters in the structural determination of small molecules. We have numbered and herein present existing and reputed computational methods for peak picking analysis, resonance assignment, nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) assignment, combinatorial fragmentation and structure calculation and prediction. Fully automated programs in structure determination are also mentioned, together with their integrated algorithms used to elucidate the structure of a metabolite. The use of these automated tools has helped to significantly reduce errors introduced by manual processing and, hence, accelerated the structure identification or annotation of compounds.
Anonyma: „Eine Frau in Berlin“
Authors: Saal Yuliya von
Published: July 2019

Vorspann

Lange Zeit waren sie ein Tabu – die zahllosen Vergewaltigungen deutscher Frauen durch Soldaten der Roten Armee nach der Eroberung Berlins im April/Mai 1945. Auch das im Sommer 1959 erstmals in deutscher Sprache erschienene „Tagebuch“ einer anonymen Zeitzeugin, das anderswo begeistert aufgenommen worden war, fand in der Bundesrepublik erstaunlich wenig Resonanz. Erst die 2003 erschienene Neuauflage avancierte im wiedervereinigten Deutschland zum Bestseller und löste kontroverse Debatten über Opfer- und Täterrollen aus, zumal die Verfasserin als Rad im Getriebe des nationalsozialistischen Propagandaapparats entlarvt und ihre Autorenschaft in Frage gestellt wurde. Yuliya von Saal, die den Nachlass der Anonyma – Marta Hillers – auswerten konnte, räumt diese Zweifel aus, kommt aber nach einer vergleichenden Analyse der verschiedenen Textvarianten zu dem Schluss, dass der Bestseller kein authentisches Zeitdokument ist, sondern ein stark literarisierter Erlebnisbericht.
Von Gegnern zu Partnern?
Authors: Rau Christian
Published: July 2019

Vorspann

Obwohl seit dem Ende der deutschen Teilung fast drei Jahrzehnte vergangen sind, weist die Landkarte der historischen Forschung bemerkenswerte weiße Flecken auf. Dazu gehört die Geschichte der Gewerkschaften ebenso wie die Geschichte der Medien in der Phase des Übergangs von der Diktatur zur Demokratie. Christian Rau nimmt sich dieses doppelten Desiderats an und fördert überraschende Befunde zutage: Die Führung des Deutschen Gewerkschaftsbunds konservierte bis weit in die 1990er Jahre ein Medienbild, das deutliche Züge des Klassenkampfs trug. Initiativen, die auf eine Anpassung an die veränderten Verhältnisse einer demokratischen Industriegesellschaft zielten, stießen rasch an die Grenzen verkrusteter organisatorischer Strukturen – wie auch Dieter Schmidt erfahren musste, der sich 1990 der doppelten Herausforderung stellte, die Interessen der Gewerkschaften in den neuen Ländern zu wahren und zugleich moderne Medienpolitik zu machen.
Epistemologias dissidentes e trajetórias escolares de mulheres ciganas no Brasil: o fracasso como insistência do sistema de ensino.
Authors: Santamarina Cláudia Valéria Fonseca da Costa
Published: July 2019

Este artigo resulta de pesquisa de abordagem etnográfica com mulheres ciganas, realizada entre 2013 e 2015, em Rio das Ostras no estado do Rio de Janeiro e reflete sobre o fracasso escolar de mulheres ciganas no Brasil como aspecto intrínseco ao racismo epistemológico e à política educacional homogeneizante, centrada em conteúdo destinado a atender às demandas do colonialismo e da colonialidade do poder. Problematiza os modelos da pedagogia tradicional, pedagogia nova e pedagogia tecnicista incapazes de romper com um sistema monocultural, epistemologicamente excludente e racista, ressaltando seus efeitos na formação de professores, nas bases curriculares e nos métodos de ensino desde a implantação da Educação no Brasil. Analisa o pensamento liminar como meio de promover transversalidades epistemológicas, refletindo sobre a adoção de uma posição epistemológica fronteiriça entre formadores como recurso à superação do fracasso escolar em comunidades alicerçadas em epistemologias dissidentes. Abstract: This article is the result of an ethnographic approach with Roma women conducted between 2013 and 2015 in Rio das Ostras, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. It reflects on the school failure of Roma women in Brazil as an intrinsic aspect of epistemological racism and homogenizing educational policy, centered on content designed to meet the demands of colonialism and the coloniality of power. From the models of traditional pedagogy, new pedagogy and technical pedagogy, incapable of breaking with a monocultural, epistemologically excluding and racist system, emphasizes its effects on teachers training, curriculum bases and teaching methods since the implementation of Education in Brazil. Analyzes the liminal thought in perspective of promoting epistemological transversities, reflecting on the adoption of a frontier epistemological position among formators as a tool for overcoming school failure in communities based on dissident epistemologies.
DOXICICLINA: UMA REVISÃO SOBRE PARTICULARIDADES E UTILIZAÇÃO CLÍNICA NA ESPÉCIE EQUINA
Authors: D'el Rey Dantas Fernanda Timbó , Feijó Lorena Soares , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Wayne , Curcio Bruna Da Rosa
Published: July 2019

As tetraciclinas foram os primeiros antibacterianos de amplo espectro descritos, sendo uma das classes de antibacterianos mais utilizada na medicina veterinária. O uso em equinos não é tão expressivo, mas vem aumentando ao longo dos anos, especialmente por seu espectro de ação e baixo custo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever as particularidades e aplicações da doxiciclina na prática clínica de equinos, bem como as perspectivas futuras de utilização deste fármaco. O levantamento de informações foi realizado através de pesquisa nas plataformas Pubmed e Mendeley. A doxiciclina é um antibacteriano bacteriostático utilizado principalmente em infecções causadas por microorganismos intracelulares, porém é eficaz também contra bactérias Gram-negativas e Gram-positivas, clamídias, rickettsias, micoplasmas e alguns protozoários. Estudos recentes têm demonstrado outras propriedades desse fármaco além da antibacteriana, tais como ação anti-inflamatória e de inibição da lipase, colagenase, apoptose e angiogênese. Desta forma, a doxiciclina pode ser empregada como coadjuvante em diversas circunstâncias clínicas, com destaque para as afecções articulares. Os efeitos adversos são raros e estão relacionados ao desequilíbrio da microbiota intestinal. Mais estudos ainda são necessários acerca das propriedades não antibacterianas da doxiciclina e sua segurança, porém as perspectivas são promissoras.
Análise transdisciplinar do Banco Nacional de Perfis Genéticos: técnicas moleculares e aspectos jurídicos
Authors: Monteiro Samantha Lopes , Soares de Oliveira Ívna , André Amorim de Carvalho Tarcísio
Published: June 2019

O uso de marcadores moleculares para a identificação humana é uma estratégia aplicada nas atividades forenses no Brasil. A criação de bancos de perfis genéticos é uma tendência mundial. É esperado que o uso de tais dados não somente facilite a investigação de casos criminais, mas também leve à redução da criminalidade. O presente artigo objetiva-se realizar uma análise transdisciplinar sobre o Banco Nacional de Perfis Genéticos (BNPG), abordando a funcionalidade dele, apresentando também as técnicas moleculares aplicadas, além de suscitar discussões jurídicas geradas com a implantação do banco de dados nacional. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica exploratória que foi elaborada a partir de uma pesquisa realizada em bases de dados bibliográficos como SciELO, PubMed e JusBrasil. A conscientização da funcionalidade potencial dessa ferramenta poderá despertar o interesse de mais especialistas de ambas as áreas, biológica e jurídica, para que possam aperfeiçoá-la e, futuramente, desenvolver outras aplicações.Palavras-Chave: Identificação Humana; DNA Forense; Banco de Dados; Ciências Forenses; Lei 12.654/12.            AbstractThe use of molecular markers for human identification is a strategy applied in forensic investigation in Brazil. The creation of DNA databases is a worldwide trend. It is expected that the use of such data will not only assist investigation of criminal cases, but also lead to reduced crime. The present article aims to carry out a transdisciplinary analysis about the Brazilian National Genetic Profile Database, addressing its functionality, presenting also applied molecular techniques, as well as raising legal discussions generated with the implementation of the national DNA database. It is an exploratory bibliographic review that was elaborated from a research carried out in bibliographic databases like SciELO, PubMed and JusBrasil. Awareness of the potential functionality of this tool may raise the interest of more specialists in both biological and legal areas so that they can improve it and promote it in the future.Keywords: Human Identification; Forensic DNA; Database; Forensic Science; Law 12.654/12.
Expression of NOTCH1 in thyroid cancer is mostly restricted to papillary carcinoma
Authors: Piana Simonetta , Zanetti Eleonora , Bisagni Alessandra , Ciarrocchi Alessia , Giordano Davide , Torricelli Federica , Rossi Teresa , Ragazzi Moira
Published: July 2019

The NOTCH signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that regulates cell–cell interactions. NOTCH family members play a fundamental role in a variety of processes during development in particular in cell fate decisions. As other crucial factors during embryogenesis, NOTCH signaling is aberrantly reactivated in cancer where it has been linked to context-dependent effects. In thyroid cancer, NOTCH1 expression has been associated to aggressive features even if its in vivo expression within the entire spectrum of thyroid tumors has not definitively established. A series of 106 thyroid specimens including non-neoplastic lesions, benign and malignant tumors of common and rare histotypes, were investigated by immunohistochemistry to assess NOTCH1 expression. Extent of positivity and protein localization were investigated and correlated with clinical and morphological parameters. NOTCH1 positivity was predominantly associated with papillary carcinomas and only occasionally found in follicular carcinomas. Poorly differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas showed only a partial positivity. NOTCH1 expression pattern also seemed differently distributed according to histotype. Our data confirm a role of NOTCH1 in thyroid cancer and highlight for the first time the specific involvement of this pathway in papillary carcinomas. Our data also indicate that other thyroid malignancies do not rely on NOTCH1 signaling for development and progression.
Population Genome Sequencing of the Scab Fungal SpeciesVenturia inaequalis,Venturia pirina,Venturia aucupariaeandVenturia asperata
Authors: Le Cam Bruno , Sargent Dan , Gouzy Jérôme , Amselem Joëlle , Bellanger Marie-Noëlle , Bouchez Olivier , Brown Spencer , Caffier Valérie , De Gracia Marie , Debuchy Robert , Duvaux Ludovic , Payen Thibaut , Sannier Mélanie , Shiller Jason , Collemare Jérôme , Lemaire Christophe
Published: June 2019

The Venturia genus comprises fungal species that are pathogens on Rosaceae host plants, including V. inaequalis and V. asperata on apple, V. aucupariae on sorbus and V. pirina on pear. Although the genetic structure of V. inaequalis populations has been investigated in detail, genomic features underlying these subdivisions remain poorly understood. Here, we report whole genome sequencing of 87 Venturia strains that represent each species and each population within V. inaequalis. We present a PacBio genome assembly for the V. inaequalis EU-B04 reference isolate. The size of selected genomes was determined by flow cytometry, and varied from 45 to 93 Mb. Genome assemblies of V. inaequalis and V. aucupariae contain a high content of transposable elements (TEs), most of which belong to the Gypsy or Copia LTR superfamilies and have been inactivated by Repeat-Induced Point mutations. The reference assembly of V. inaequalis presents a mosaic structure of GC-equilibrated regions that mainly contain predicted genes and AT-rich regions, mainly composed of TEs. Six pairs of strains were identified as clones. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis between these clones revealed a high number of SNPs that are mostly located in AT-rich regions due to misalignments and allowed determining a false discovery rate. The availability of these genome sequences is expected to stimulate genetics and population genomics research of Venturia pathogens. Especially, it will help understanding the evolutionary history of Venturia species that are pathogenic on different hosts, a history that has probably been substantially influenced by TEs.
Mitochondrial Network State Scales mtDNA Genetic Dynamics
Authors: Aryaman Juvid , Bowles Charlotte , Jones Nick S , Johnston Iain G
Published: June 2019

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations cause severe congenital diseases but may also be associated with healthy aging. mtDNA is stochastically replicated and degraded, and exists within organelles which undergo dynamic fusion and fission. The role of the resulting mitochondrial networks in the time evolution of the cellular proportion of mutated mtDNA molecules (heteroplasmy), and cell-to-cell variability in heteroplasmy (heteroplasmy variance), remains incompletely understood. Heteroplasmy variance is particularly important since it modulates the number of pathological cells in a tissue. Here, we provide the first wide-reaching theoretical framework which bridges mitochondrial network and genetic states. We show that, under a range of conditions, the (genetic) rate of increase in heteroplasmy variance and de novo mutation are proportionally modulated by the (physical) fraction of unfused mitochondria, independently of the absolute fission–fusion rate. In the context of selective fusion, we show that intermediate fusion:fission ratios are optimal for the clearance of mtDNA mutants. Our findings imply that modulating network state, mitophagy rate, and copy number to slow down heteroplasmy dynamics when mean heteroplasmy is low could have therapeutic advantages for mitochondrial disease and healthy aging.
How Does E-Book Bag Promote Learning? Video Analysis Based On Classroom Recordings
Authors: Li Caimin
Published: June 2019

With the popularity of mobile learning and the rapid development of internet, e-book bag has received increasing attention. However, recent studies rarely analyze the functional characteristics of E-book bag and its influence on teachers’ instructing and students’ learning from the perspective of classroom teaching application. In this regard, this study selected 20 sections of live e-book bag teaching video recorded in Changchun, China, and analyzed the functionality of e-book bag using Video Analysis on its following four dimensions: situation creation, knowledge construction, collaborative communication, and evaluation feedback. We concluded that e-book bag has three major functions: “resources and toolkits”, “teaching interaction”, and “teaching evaluation”. Meanwhile, it provides support for active interaction between teacher and students, between students, and between students and learning contents as well. Therefore, the use of e-book bag satisfies students’ individualized learning, supports the communication and cooperation between teacher and students, and helps students to construct knowledge in depth.
Pedro de Auvergne – SE DEUS TERIA PODIDO FAZER O MUNDO EXISTIR DESDE A ETERNIDADE
Authors: Da Costa Joice Beatriz
Published: July 2019

Pergunta-se se Deus poderia ter feito o mundo existir desde a aternidade
THE PROBLEM OF INDIVIDUAL EXISTENCE IN AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ASPECT
Authors: Novikova Elena Yu.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. The need to study the existential categories in terms of personal meaning and experiences of the individual due to multiple factors of development, increasing the importance of the individual and individualized spheres of life in society. Materials and Methods. We used methods and approaches in social philosophy: 1) socio-anthropological approach, which allows us to consider the essential features of a person in their individualized embodiment in specific activities: 2) a systematic approach; 3) an integrative method that allows philosophy to perform a methodological function in relation to various Sciences and to combine private scientific knowledge into a single system. Results. The feature of the philosophical interpretation of the individual aspects of life is necessary to highlight a variety of approaches are integrated into a single theory, such as irrational, phenomenological, sociological, epistemological, historical and cultural. Individual existence is studied as a set of practices, as a state of personality. As a motive and value as a picture of the world and people’s perceptions about their capabilities as personal meaning and inner intimate experience. Discussion and Conclusion. Implementation of the principles of organization of educational space as an individual being is expressed in various methods and approaches that are practiced in modern education. In modern education, a personal approach is implemented, according to which the tasks of education are the formation of an integral personality, pre-professional socialization and re-socialization. Individual existence is reflected in the paradigms of economic sciences in the analysis of reform practices and is associated with goal-setting, management, determinism. In management paradigms, the production environment is treated as an integral individual being, embodying the essential features of a person. In paradigms of emotional design the subject, technical environment is considered as a form of individual human existence.
REFORMING THE CREDIT SYSTEM IN THE USSR IN THE PERIOD OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
Authors: Likholetov Yury F. , Grigoriev Igor A.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. In modern Russia, even today, the process started back in the 1990s continues to gain momentum – the emergence of state-monopoly capitalism. This phenomenon always includes such a feature as centralization in the economic and political spheres of public life. The concentration in the hands of the state of the mechanism for the regulation of economic processes in a country is not always negative. There are enough examples in history to prove this thesis. The purpose of this article is to show a positive example of competent centralization of the economic sector, referring to the experience of reforming the credit system in the Soviet Union during the period of industrialization. The authors of the article strive to demonstrate an example of an effective mechanism for maneuvering means, as well as to evaluate the results of this process. Materials and methods. This research is based on traditional methods used in Russian historical science: problem-chronological, systemic, and comparative-historical. Results. The reform of the credit and banking sector carried out in the Soviet Union was a logical conclusion to the centralization of the country’s internal economic management system, which enabled the state to take a more precise approach to planning, distribution and, most importantly, to accounting for funds. Discussion and Conclusion. The result of the reform was that all financial flows concentrated in the hands of the state proceeded in the order strictly established by the party, in accordance with a single political line. In turn, this made it possible to create a base for maneuver with the means that went to strengthen the defense – industrial complex and qualitatively re-equip the army. The development of centralization, in fact, became the basis for the further development of the military economy with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.
Krónikus orofacialis fájdalmak
Authors: Fehér Gergely , Nemeskéri Zsolt , Pusch Gabriella , Zádori Iván , Bank Gyula , Gurdán Zsuzsanna , Mészáros János , Mák Kornél , Tibold Antal , Komoly Sámuel
Published: July 2019

Abstract:

Orofacial pain is the common name of a variety of disorders from inflammatory diseases to neuropathic pain syndromes. This condition is quite common, it may involve 7% of the whole population. Patients (and doctors) are not aware of the origin of their complaints, therefore initial management falls among the variety of healthcare professionals. The aim of our review was to summarize the current evidence of chronic orofacial pain including diagnosis, management and pitfalls. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(27): 1047–1056.
Az alsó ferde szemizom dozírozott transzpozíciójának hatásossága strabismus sursoadductorius esetén
Authors: Maneschg Otto Alexander , Knézy Krisztina , Maka Erika , Benyó Fruzsina , Sándor Gábor , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt
Published: July 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: Idiopathic strabismus sursoadductorius is characterized by an overaction of the inferior oblique (IO) muscle, with elevation of the eye in adduction. This can result in chronic headache, eye pain, diplopia and abnormal head posture. Aim: Presentation of clinical results after graded recession of inferior oblique overaction (IOOA) in strabismus sursoadductorius. Method: During a period of 6 years (2012–2017) we performed a dosed transposition of IO muscle in 53 patients in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Semmelweis University and analyzed the clinical results retrospectively. The mean age was 12.8, min–max: 2–51 years. The transposition of the muscle (8 mm, 10 mm or maximal) was performed because of IOOA and was planned depending on the vertical deviation (VD) in maximal adduction. In case of maximal transposition, the insertion of IO was placed under the lateral part of the lower rectus muscle. We evaluated the squint angle in five positions of gaze preoperatively and postoperative 1 week, 1 month and 3–6 months. We examined best corrected visual acuity, binocular vision and complications after surgery. Results: Postoperatively 25 patients had acceptable stereopsis (Titmus 5). Visual acuity remained stable after surgery in all cases. The VD measured in maximal adduction changed with a decrease of 7.5° when 8 mm transposition was performed, and changed with a decrease to 12°, when maximal recession was performed. The mean reduction of VD was 17.8 prism dioptres (PD) after 1 week (p<0.01), 20.5 PD after 1 month and remained stable during a follow-up of 3–6 months. Conclusion: Graded recession of inferior oblique muscle is a suitable proposed procedure in patients with marked strabismus sursoadductorius. The rates of functional under- or overcorrection or other complications are low. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(27): 1064–1069.
Pendidikan Karakter di Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Berbasis Pemberdayaan Pikiran Bawah Sadar
Authors: Prastowo Andi
Published: July 2019

National Education in Indonesia is still covered with a variety of issues. One of them is the moral degradation among students. Although since 2010 has imposed an integrated character education in schools, but these conditions indicate the character education has not been done properly. This was especially the case in elementary school. Because at this level attitude formation is a major concern compared to the cognitive and psychomotor. The learning process is integrated with learning characters of various subjects in primary schools should be done not just in a state of conscious mind (conscious mind), but it is more empowered is to condition the subconscious mind when active. To that end, the character of the learning process must be carried out under conditions that do with relaxation hypnosis, mind focus and the alpha state, the subconscious communication, reps, make braided rapport with learners, the information conveyed in the imprint, the message is delivered in a condition of intense emotions, affirmation and visualization. With such a mechanism learners belief system can be programmed or reprogrammed as expected character. Through this belief system changes can be found changes in the character of learners effectively and relatively fixed.
Równi czy wspólnie? Kilka wątpliwości na temat równouprawnienia i jedna próba rozwiązania
Authors: Białkowska Monika
Published: July 2019

At present the question of equality of women and men is non disputable. John Paul II spoke about it clearly and many times, but for most women his way of presentation of this issue was insufficient. Why? It seems that the use of the expression: „equal rights” is problematic in this context because it results in trading men against women and in proving that because we are equal, we are self-contained. This framework does not open us toward dialogue but it encloses us inside male and female worlds. Certainly it was not the intention of God, when He created us in His image and likeness as man and woman. Indeed we are His image if we are open to each other not only in mind and will but especially in the need of complementarity. Individually we can understand and recognize less than we can together so a meeting with the other sex is a chance for us to realize our potential as man and woman. For this reason, I propose to exchange the notion “equal right” for “co-rights”. It does not bring a category of identity but gives the criterion of reciprocity. In the Church the “co-rights” concept is more difficult to realize in practice than the demands of feminist theology. It requires from men not only the modification of their positions but the need of awareness that they do it for themselves and not only for women. Furthermore it demands from women courage and increasing levels of expertise. However, the starting point for both genders is humility.
Zmysł wiary jako zjawisko eklezjalne. Kontekst teologiczno-historyczny
Authors: Nadbrzeżny Antoni
Published: July 2019

This paper discusses the issue of the sense of faith (sensus fidei) in the life of the Church. The author first describes the contemporary social context in which discussing the sensus fidei is meaningful. He then presents the nature of the sensus fidei and evaluates some major definitions of this concept. Emphasis is placed upon the biblical teaching on this spiritual gift and the milestones in the development of this idea. The author examines the manifestations of the sensus fidei in the personal life of the believer and in the communal life of the Church. He shows the living connection between the sensus fidei and the Magisterium Ecclesiae. The author concludes with his reflection on the dispositions needed by all believers for authentic participation in the sensus fidei. Ecumenical aspects of the sensus fidei still remain an important topic for Christian theologians. The relationship between the sensus fidei and public or majority opinion is a very delicate question. For that reason, the magisterium and theologians must constantly work to constitute the clear criteria for discernment of the authentic sensus fidei.
On the integrability problem for systems of partial differential equations in one unknown function, II
Authors: Kumpera Antonio
Published: June 2019

We continue here our discussion of Part I, [18], by examining the local equivalence problem for partial differential equations and illustrating it with some examples, since almost any integration process or method is actually a local equivalence problem involving a suitable model. We terminate the discussion by inquiring on non-integrable Pfaffian systems and on their integral manifolds of maximal dimension.
Three spectra problem for Stieltjes string equation and Neumann conditions
Authors: Dudko Anastasia , Pivovarchik Vyacheslav
Published: June 2019

Spectral problems are considered which appear in description of small transversal vibrations of Stieltjes strings. It is shown that the eigenvalues of the Neumann-Neumann problem, i.e. the problem with the Neumann conditions at both ends of the string interlace with the union of the spectra of the Neumann-Dirichlet problems, i.e. problems with the Neumann condition at one end and Dirichlet condition at the other end on two parts of the string. It is shown that the spectrum of Neumann-Neumann problem on the whole string, the spectrum of Neumann-Dirichlet problem on the left part of the string, all but one eigenvalues of the Neumann-Dirichlet problem on the right part of the string and total masses of the parts uniquely determine the masses and the intervals between them.
Про структуру матриць над областю головних ідеалів відносно перетворення подібності
Authors: Прокіп Володимир
Published: June 2019

В статті дослiджується структура матриць над областю головних iдеалiв вiдносно перетворення подiбностi. В другому розділі наведено допоміжні результати. В цьому розділі вказано трикутну формуматрицi відносно перетворення подібності, мінімальний многочлен якої розкладається в добуток різних лінійних множників. В розділі 3 доведено, що форма Хессенберга матриці A з незвідним мінімальним квадратичним многочленом m(λ) є блочно-трикутна матриця з блоками вимірності 2х2 на головній діагоналі та з характеристичними многочленами m(λ). У четвертому розділі доведено, що матриця A із мінімальним многочленом m (λ) = (λ-α) (λ-β), α ≠ β подібна нижній блочно-трикутній матриці, діагональними блоками якої є діагональні матриці з елементами α i β на головних діагоналях відповідно. Як наслідок вказано канонічну форму інволютивної матриці над кільцем цілих чисел відносно перетворень подібності.
A Physics-Based Estimation of Mean Curvature Normal Vector for Triangulated Surfaces
Authors: Das Sudip Kumar , Cenanovic Mirza , Zhang Junfeng
Published: June 2019

In this note, we derive an approximation for the mean curvature normal vector on vertices of triangulated surface meshes from the Young-Laplace equation and the force balance principle. We then demonstrate that the approximation expression from our physics-based derivation is equivalent to the discrete Laplace-Beltrami operator approach in the literature. This work, in addition to providing an alternative expression to calculate the mean curvature normal vector, can be further extended to other mesh structures, including non-triangular and heterogeneous meshes.
A Single-Case, Mixed Methods Study Exploring the Role of Music Listening in Vibroacoustic Treatment
Authors: Campbell Elsa , Burger Birgitta , Ala-Ruona Esa
Published: June 2019

Chronic pain is a widespread issue accompanied commonly by depression and anxiety. Chronic pain has been shown to alter brain processing within the emotional and reward circuits, pointing towards a possible link between pain and comorbid mood disorders. Pain relief may be achieved by alleviating depressive and anxious symptoms. Relaxation is important for pain relief and eliciting relaxation through music listening is shown to relieve pain, depression, anxiety, and discomfort among others. In addition to auditory stimuli, Vibroacoustic treatment – the tactile application of low frequency sinusoidal sound vibration, plus music listening and therapeutic interaction – has been shown to be beneficial for relieving these symptoms. Although the combination of music listening and low frequencies has been previously explored, the role of the music listening within the vibroacoustic treatment context is unknown. A single-case, mixed method crossover study was conducted with a client suffering from chronic pain and comorbid mood disorders, four sessions with music listening, and four sessions without. Quantitative outcomes showed the client was more relaxed, less anxious, and had less pain after the music sessions. Qualitative findings showed that the client at first could not relax without the music listening because of her severe anxiety, but learned to use music as a distractor from her thoughts to relax, but also that silence was equally important for her; these hinged on her making the choice based on her needs, which had previously been difficult for her.