bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimalisasi Kewenangan Majelis Pengawas Wilayah Notaris Provinsi Maluku
Authors: Umar Nasaruddin , Bachmid Fahri
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis optimalisasi kewenangan Majelis Pengawas Wilayah Notaris Provinsi Maluku Tahun 2017-2020, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Provinsi Maluku. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa optimalisasi kewenangan Majelis Pengawas Wilayah Notaris Provinsi Maluku Tahun 2017-2020 telah berjalan sebagaimana berdasarkan Pasal 73 UU No. 2 Tahun 2014. Akan tetapi, terdapat beberapa faktor kendala dari sisi efektivitas fungsi kewenangan, khususnya faktor regulasi dan faktor penerapan sanksi. Selanjutnya, disarankan agar dilakukan revisi pada Pasal 73 UU No. 2 Tahun 2014, yaitu dengan memperkuat atau memperluas kewenangan Majelis Pengawas Wilayah melalui model Pencegahan dan Pengawasan Aktif, dimana dijalankan secara berkala maupun setiap waktu berdasarkan keperluan informasi terkait dugaan pelanggaran pelaksanaan jabatan Notaris dan pelanggaran perilaku Notaris.
Population-based Method for Optimizing Targeted Offers Problem in Direct Marketing Campaigns
Authors: Smaili Moulay Youssef , Hachimi Hanaa
Published: October 2020

In direct marketing campaigns, the optimization of targeted offers problem is a big business concern. The main goal is to maximize the company’s profit by reaching the right clients. The main challenge faced by companies when advertising, is to configure properly a campaign by choosing the appropriate target, so it is guaranteed a high acceptance of users to advertisements. When dealing with an important size of data, the important specification to consider is the combinatorial aspect of the problem and the limitation of the approach based on mathematical programming methods. In this article, and since this problem belongs to the class of NP-hard problems, the use of metaheuristic, instead of exact methods, is essential; the Bat Algorithm which is a new inspired algorithm is proposed after hybridization with Genetic Algorithm. Computational experiments show that the proposed algorithm was able to give good and competitive solutions
Theoretical Framework for Research on Mathematical Olympiads in Latin America
Authors: Bernal Pedraza Oscar F.
Published: October 2020

This theoretical framework is intended to serve as guide to research on national Mathematical Olympiads in Latin America. Research with the goal to elucidate critical factors involved in the existence and results obtained by Latin American teams in the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) and other international contests, may find a stepping stone in this framework and the references cited in it. From the way local committees see themselves and their indicators for success. to the feedback subsumed in the IMO results, different comparable metrics for success must be developed to understand the specific challenges faced by these organizations and the goals set by themselves and the educational communities in their own countries. As for Latin American countries the IMO is not the only competition they attend or their single metric for success, reference to the IMO is provided as the evolving opportunity leading to the creation of local olympiad committees, the committees this framework presents as an opportunity for research and understanding of the search for talent in developing countries. As a way of closing the document, a few questions are proposed, offering both quantitative and qualitative research areas and with the possibility to reach findings helpful for those organizations, for the school students in their respective countries, and for similar organizations in other countries.
LEGAL AND DIGITAL MECHANISMS FOR CRIME COUNTERING IN THE FIELD OF USING THE ELECTRONIC DIGITAL SIGNATURE
Authors: Гришин Олег Анатольевич , Шабаева Дина Халитовна
Published: October 2020

Процессы цифровой трансформации, достигая глобальных масштабов развития и распространения, не только затрагивают коммуникационные технологии, но и оказывают преобразовательное воздействие на все сферы социально-правового взаимодействия. Так, киберпространственные механизмы являются частью современного электронного документооборота. Электронная цифровая подпись в настоящее время представляет собой широко распространенный продукт цифрового развития общества. До настоящего периода времени принято было считать, что она обладает характеристиками высокой степени правовой надежности и безопасности. Авторы статьи, анализируя практику правонарушений в сфере применения электронной цифровой подписи, ставят под сомнение данный довод. Отмечая слабые стороны механизма подтверждения правомочным лицом авторства при помощи криптографически преобразованного путем электронного шифрования реквизита документа, они предлагают возможные пути разрешения существующих на современном этапе вопросов данной области социально-правового взаимодействия: обязательного присутствия лица, либо лично, либо он-лайн, с видеофиксацией и его идентификацией.

The processes of digital transformation, reaching global scales of development and dissemination affect not only communication technologies, but also have a transformative impact on all spheres of social and legal interaction. Thus, cyberspace mechanisms are part of the modern electronic document flow. Electronic digital signature is currently a widespread product of digital development of society. Until now, it has been generally assumed that it has the characteristics of a high degree of legal reliability and security. The authors of the article, analyzing the practice of offenses in the field of electronic digital signature, question this argument. Noting the weaknesses of the mechanism for confirming authorship by an authorized person with the help of cryptographically-converted by electronic encryption of the document details, they suggest possible ways to resolve existing issues in this area of social and legal interaction at the present stage. Mandatory presence of the person, either in person or online, with video recording and identification.
CONCERNING THE PLACE OF FREEDOM RESTRICTION IN THE SYSTEM OF PUNISHMENTS
Authors: Мусалева Анна Владимировна , Лечитский Владислав Витальевич
Published: October 2020

Такой вид наказания, как ограничение свободы, существует уже около двадцати четырех лет. Однако за все время его существования оно подверглось значительным изменениям, затрагивающим его сущность и цели назначения. Первые изменения в отношении данного вида наказания указаны в Федеральном законе от 27.12.2009 № 377-ФЗ, которые позволили суду начать назначать это наказание, что является положительным аспектом в рамках гуманизации уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства. Кроме того, изменилась тяжесть наказания, что должно было отразиться в ст. 44 Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации, так как ограничение свободы ранее относилось к наказаниям, назначаемым только в качестве основного вида наказания, а после всех произошедших изменений оно занимает место среди так называемых «смешанных» наказаний. Однако на сегодняшний день существует пробел в иерархии наказаний. Поэтому необходимо исследовать, что представляет собой ограничение свободы как вид уголовного наказания после всех изменений законодательства, а также насколько правильное место оно занимает в системе наказаний.

Such type of punishment as restriction of freedom has existed for about twenty four years. However, over the course of its existence, it has undergone significant changes affecting its essence and purpose. The first changes to this type of punishment are indicated in Federal law No. 377-FL of 27.12.2009, which allowed the court to start assigning this punishment, which is a positive aspect in the framework of humanizing the criminal and Penal legislation. In addition, the severity of the punishment has changed, which should have been reflected in art. 44 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation, since restriction of liberty was previously referred to as a punishment imposed only as the main type of punishment, and after all the changes that have occurred, it takes its place among the so-called «mixed» punishments. However, today there is a gap in the hierarchy of punishments. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate what constitutes a restriction of freedom as a type of criminal punishment after all changes in legislation, and how well it occupies a place in the system of punishments.
Predicting Changes In Landscapes Around The Aydar-Arnasay Lake System
Authors:   Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute Department Of Geography And Fundamentals Of Economics Candidate Of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor, Uzbekistan, Mirkomil Gudalov , Bakhtiyor Zikirov ,   Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Senior Lecturer, Department Of Geography And Fundamentals Of Economics, Uzbekistan, Dilfuza Imamova ,   Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute Department Of Biology Teaching Methods Assosicate Professor, Uzbekistan
Published: October 2020

A short, medium and long-term forecast of changes in the surrounding landscapes due to the reduction of water in the Aydar-Arnasay lake system has been developed.
Problems In The Field Of Advocacy In Uzbekistan And Positive Solutions To Them
Authors:   Student At Tashkent State University Of Law, Uzbekistan, Kholmatov Ruslan
Published: October 2020

This article presents the current changes and problems in the field of advocacy in Uzbekistan and offers positive solutions to these problems.
Perspective determines the production and interpretation of pointing gestures
Authors: Herbort Oliver , Krause Lisa-Marie , Kunde Wilfried
Published: October 2020

Pointing is a ubiquitous means of communication. Nevertheless, observers systematically misinterpret the location indicated by pointers. We examined whether these misunderstandings result from the typically different viewpoints of pointers and observers. Participants either pointed themselves or interpreted points while assuming the pointer’s or a typical observer perspective in a virtual reality environment. The perspective had a strong effect on the relationship between pointing gestures and referents, whereas the task had only a minor influence. This suggests that misunderstandings between pointers and observers primarily result from their typically different viewpoints.
Temporal binding past the Libet clock: testing design factors for an auditory timer
Authors: Muth Felicitas V. , Wirth Robert , Kunde Wilfried
Published: October 2020

Voluntary actions and causally linked sensory stimuli are perceived to be shifted towards each other in time. This so-called temporal binding is commonly assessed in paradigms using the Libet Clock. In such experiments, participants have to estimate the timing of actions performed or ensuing sensory stimuli (usually tones) by means of a rotating clock hand presented on a screen. The aforementioned task setup is however ill-suited for many conceivable setups, especially when they involve visual effects. To address this shortcoming, the line of research presented here establishes an alternative measure for temporal binding by using a sequence of timed sounds. This method uses an auditory timer, a sequence of letters presented during task execution, which serve as anchors for temporal judgments. In four experiments, we manipulated four design factors of this auditory timer, namely interval length, interval filling, sequence predictability, and sequence length, to determine the most effective and economic method for measuring temporal binding with an auditory timer.
Detecting stable adsorbates of (1S)-camphor on Cu(111) with Bayesian optimization
Authors: Järvi Jari , Rinke Patrick , Todorović Milica
Published: October 2020

Identifying the atomic structure of organic–inorganic interfaces is challenging with current research tools. Interpreting the structure of complex molecular adsorbates from microscopy images can be difficult, and using atomistic simulations to find the most stable structures is limited to partial exploration of the potential energy surface due to the high-dimensional phase space. In this study, we present the recently developed Bayesian Optimization Structure Search (BOSS) method as an efficient solution for identifying the structure of non-planar adsorbates. We apply BOSS with density-functional theory simulations to detect the stable adsorbate structures of (1S)-camphor on the Cu(111) surface. We identify the optimal structure among eight unique types of stable adsorbates, in which camphor chemisorbs via oxygen (global minimum) or physisorbs via hydrocarbons to the Cu(111) surface. This study demonstrates that new cross-disciplinary tools, such as BOSS, facilitate the description of complex surface structures and their properties, and ultimately allow us to tune the functionality of advanced materials.
Assessing the Acceptance of the Pay-For-Performance Model in a Segment of California Pharmacists
Authors: Colbert James , McBane Sarah , Lam Michael , Blaj Alice , Zimmers Briana , Yoon Michael , Park Brian , Le Thu , Dinh Han , Wang Jessie
Published: October 2020

Background
Pay-for-performance (P4P) is a payment system in which providers are rewarded financially for the outcome of patient care. This study surveyed pharmacists to gain an overall understanding of their knowledge, experience, and attitude toward P4P. We investigated if having prior experience with P4P influences one's attitude toward and acceptance of this payment model.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed where a survey was sent to pharmacists affiliated with the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) School of Pharmacy. Data was collected over a two-week period. Chi-square and odds-ratio (OR) tests were used to assess an association between payment preference and the following factors: management experience, experience with P4P, years of practice, and familiarity with P4P. Six benefits and six problems relating to P4P were evaluated.

Results
Eighty-seven pharmacists participated in our survey. Fifty preferred traditional pay, and thirty-seven preferred P4P. The OR analysis suggests: 1) Pharmacists with P4P experience are 50% more likely to prefer P4P, 2) Pharmacists with management experience are 39% more likely to prefer P4P, and 3) Pharmacists with less than five years of working experience are 12% more likely to prefer P4P. The top perceived benefit of P4P was increased collaboration among healthcare providers. The main perceived challenge was cumbersome billing processes.

Conclusion
Pharmacists with P4P experience held more positive views of the payment system. Pharmacists without experience in the program were less supportive. The positive responses about P4P from those with P4P experience suggest that employers may receive more support for P4P from their staffs by educating them about the benefits of the model.
Alemtuzumab Associated Listeria Monocytogenes Meningitis
Authors: Black Corrie , Stevens Ryan , Clancy Megan , Morgan Shari , Hillstrand Mary
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Describe a case of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis following initiation of alemtuzumab therapy in a patient diagnosed with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Summary
A 44-year-old female presented with headache and fever seven days after completion of an initial course of alemtuzumab for the treatment of RRMS. Blood cultures were positive for gram-positive bacilli. A lumbar puncture revealed cell counts, consistent with bacterial meningitis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed abnormal signal enhancement of the left cingulate gyrus. Vancomycin, ceftriaxone, and ampicillin were initiated empirically. Both blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures resulted positive for Listeria monocytogenes. Antibiotics were narrowed to ampicillin for a treatment duration of 21 days, after which symptoms resolved and she was transitioned home. Alemtuzumab is a CD52-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody that has previously been implicated in association with cases of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in other countries. Based on its mechanism of action, previous association, and positive temporal relationship, we hypothesize that alemtuzumab played a substantial role in the development of L. monocytogenes meningitis in this patient.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of alemtuzumab associated Listeria meningitis in the United States. This case highlights the severe lymphopenia associated with alemtuzumab therapy and risk of subsequent opportunistic infection. Heightened vigilance in counseling and monitoring of dietary restrictions is critical both prior to and during alemtuzumab therapy. A greater role of prophylactic antibiotics may also be warranted.
Encefalitis equina en el Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel (Panamá): Revisión bibliográfica y revisión de casos .
Authors: De la Rosa Alicia
Published: October 2020

Introducción: En junio de 2019 surgió un nuevo brote de infección por virus de encefalitis equina del este (EEE) y encefalitis equina venezolana (EEV) en Panamá, en pacientes provenientes de la misma área. La infección tiene un amplio espectro de sintomatología pudiendo provocar graves cuadros de encefalitis. En este artículo se pretenden analizar las características de los casos en los que hubo confirmación serológica de la infección, centrándose en la población menor a 16 años atendida en el Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel.Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de los casos reportados como encefalitis equina por el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica del servicio de Epidemiología del Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel de Panamá en los meses de junio y julio de 2019. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico SPSS. Resultados: Se notificaron 12 casos sospechosos de encefalitis, 6 de ellos fueron confirmados como encefalitis equina del este y/o venezolana. En todos los casos, los pacientes tuvieron una fase prodrómica con fiebre y presentaron convulsiones. Un 66.6% de los pacientes precisó ventilación mecánica. Hubo un fallecimiento.
Conclusiones: La infección por el virus de la encefalitis equina puede dar lugar a cuadros neurológicos severos e incluso conducir a la muerte. Dado que no existe un tratamiento específico, es necesaria la vigilancia epidemiológica así como investigación en la prevención de esta infección a través de nuevas vacunas.
Coronavirus, el talón de Aquiles del mundo
Authors: Castaño Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

El COVID-19 es una infección viral, que tuvo origen en un mercado mayorista en Wuhan, capital de la provincia de Hubei, China 1. Los primeros casos notificados a finales de diciembre 2019 y dada la voz de alarma por el Dr. Li Wenliang oftalmólogo al observarlos, publica que los casos tenían síntomas parecidos al SARS como son manifestación clínica de fiebre, dificultad respiratoria y en sus radiografías de tórax infiltrados pulmonares bilaterales.
El 5 de enero del 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud informa sobre la aparición de estos casos de neumonía sin etiología conocida, para finales de enero del 2020, la enfermedad se había esparcido por 9 países (8 en Asia y en Estados Unidos); el 12 de enero China pone a disposición de la OMS el genoma secuenciado que permitió la elaboración de test diagnósticos confiables (reacción de polimerasa en cadena) de manera rápida.
Isometric Exercising Impact on Dynamics of Physical Condition Indicators of Dorsopathy Patients
Authors: Vakulenko S.V. , Eremushkin M.A.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. the low-back pain is a challenging medical issue. the disorder polymorphism requires ongoing search for new treatment solutions based on up-to-date technologies, including these related to rehabilitation and preventive treatment of pathological conditions. However, our findings have shown, most studies are narrowly focused on one or several pathogenesis components only. the dedicated publications do not fully highlight the role, which the basic physical characteristics (BPC) have in building movement patterns.
Purpose of the study. Our research was aimed at working out an isometric exercising program for dorsopathy patients to develop the above characteristics.
Material and research methods. We analyzed findings of the clinical and functional examination methods as well as treatment results of 150 patients. the design included the pre-randomization into treatment and control groups, clinical study techniques, questionnaire-based surveys, use of genuine FSSD diagnostic profile and tension dynamometry to assess both initial BPC values and their dynamics at the adjustment stage.
Results. According to the further result analysis, within the treatment group of patients suffering from pain-associated dorsopahies, the proposed exercising program allowed the add-on of BPC like tone, strength and endurance of main posture- dependent muscle groups as to static and dynamic loads. At that, comparing to the control group, where patients exercised to mobilize a vertebral motor region and have general restorative effect, no positive impact on the indicators was acquired.
Conclusion. The study proved the deviation of dorsopathy patients’ BPC from the age-appropriate norms. In addition, complex functional assessment of spine and myofascial system was described based on functional muscle testing and movement tasks.
Physical Rehabilitation of Children with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Lyan N.A. , Turova E.A. , Ivanova I.I. , Bokova I.A. , Kalinovskaya I.I.
Published: October 2020

The presence in children with bronchial asthma of disorders of bronchial patency, hypersecretion, deterioration of the drainage function of the bronchi determines the need to develop new technologies of kinesotherapy aimed at cleansing the bronchial tree from viscous sputum, strengthening the chest muscles. In this regard, the use of high-frequency thoracic oscillation is promising.
Purpose. Study of the effectiveness of high frequency chest oscillation in children with bronchial asthma.
Materials and methods. 60 children with bronchial asthma aged 6 to 17 years were examined. The main group was 30 children who received exposure to high frequency chest oscillation, the comparison group included 30 children who received only basic therapy, including basic anti-asthma therapy and respiratory gymnastics.
Results. In the course of the study, positive dynamics of clinical-functional indicators was revealed, characterized by a decrease in the frequency of wet and dry seizure cough and its disappearance, increased sputum discharge, normalization of the auscultal picture in the lungs against the background of improving the performance of external breathing and respiratory excursion of the chest. More pronounced dynamics were observed in children with a moderate disease course, who were in incomplete remission and had initially lower computer flowmetry rates.
Conclusion. Based on the studies, the possibility of using high-frequency chest oscillation in the comprehensive medical rehabilitation of children with bronchial asthma was scientifically substantiated. Peculiarities of action of high-frequency thoracic oscillation on clinical course of bronchial asthma characterized by improvement of bronchial patency, enhancement of sputum withdrawal, improvement of mobility of ribs, diaphragm, and biomechanics of respiration are studied. High therapeutic effectiveness of high-frequency chest oscillation in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children was established – 93.3%, which is significantly higher than in the comparison group (73.3%, p < 0.05).
Influence the Baths of Bishophite on Indicators of Protein S100B in Blood in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Golubova T.F. , Tsukurova L.A. , Nuvoli A.V. , Vlasenko S.V. , Savchuk E.A. E.A.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to study the effect of bishovite baths on the dynamics of plasma S100B protein in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
Material and methods. 45 children with autism (F84) aged from 6 to 15 years were examined – general croup (GG). The control group (KG) consisted of 25 healthy children. I group – 22 children who received the health research therapy (HRT); II group – 23 children who received a course of the baths with bishophite. The examination included examination by specialists, an assessment of the severity of the disease using the CARS scale (Children’s Rating Scale of Autism), evaluation in blood serum of protein S100B.
Results. The content of S100B in children with autism was significantly higher in comparison with KG. The level of S100B in children with ASD with abnormal development of brain structures (MRI) was significantly higher in comparison with KG and with a group of children without signs of violation of brain structures. With hard ASD the S100B indicators were higher, and at medium severity did not differ significantly from the KG. After the treatment only in the II group, there was a significant decrease in S100B in GG in children with abnormalities in the development of the brain and with severe severity.
Conclusions. The majority of children with ASD with anomalies of brain structures, there are signs of hypoxia of the brain and violation of the blood-brain barrier. A positive effect of bischophite baths was revealed in children with ASD, having antioxidant, antitoxic, and neuroprotective effects.
The Сoncept of an Advanced Training Сourse in Information Culture for Students of Economic Spesialties
Authors: Panshin N. A.
Published: October 2020

Based on the analysis of the theory and practice of modern digital transformation, approaches and the concept of the content of an advanced training course in information culture (in modern conditions - digital culture) are offered for students of economic specialties. The place and role of the general culture and information culture, as its component, in the modern digital economy are determined and the conceptual structure of the training course on information culture for economic specialties is proposed, taking into account the features of the digital economy and new opportunities to improve the efficiency of the use of information systems and the formation of information resources.

Unlike existing courses, when digital culture is understood as “creating an environment in which managers recognize the important role of technology for business, ensure the availability of information and train employees for the most comfortable and efficient use of technological tools”, the article substantiates the need to understand the natural harmony of complex self-organization information systems.In relation to economic specialties, the essence of the proposed concept of the training course is in-depth Understanding by students of the essence of modern information (digital) culture as an institution of creating conditions for economic agents to use the capabilities of modern information (digital) ecosystems for the effective interaction of individuals and enterprises and their accelerated adaptation to technological innovations.

Based on the concept, the structure of the course is proposed, which includes four blocks of topics studied: the nature and role of culture in the economy; digital transformation and digital economy; the basics of website content generation and data visualization; approaches to assessing the effectiveness of information and digital culture.
The Impact of Digital Technologies on the Development of Payment Services
Authors: Chentsov A. Y.
Published: October 2020

The article reveals the system of functioning of payment services as a financial institution, the emergence and development of which is due to scientific and technical progress at the present stage of development and considering the impact of globalization. This tool occupies an increasingly high share of the financial sphere, but due to the novelty of electronic systems, this topic is currently little studied. The article considers the latest developments that allow you to make instant payments conveniently and safely. The problems and ways of protecting user identification, data privacy and money safety when using electronic payment services are investigated. The study revealed that, along with innovative global developments, to strengthen the electronic payment system, it is necessary to implement common international standards for combating cybercrime.
Fiatalkorú a büntetőjog bírói gyakorlatában
Authors: Herman Szilárd
Published: October 2020

The legislation of the past few years brought many changes regarding the criminal law of the juvenile delinquency. The aim was to bring the justice system closer to the people concerned, to make the procedures more cost-effective and to accelerate them. Furthermore, to get the caseload distribution more balanced. Since it was the cardinal reason for decentralisation, the question is that the abolishment of the obligate jurisdiction was a suitable action to achieve the aims mentioned above indeed. My main intention was to present the operative and relevant criminal law as reflected in the practice of the courts in this article.
A civil életbe visszailleszkedés jogi háttere az Egyesült Királyságban
Authors: Petruska Ferenc
Published: October 2020

Nowadays British Armed Forces defend the United Kingdom and overseas territories, provide strategic intelligence and nuclear deterrence, support civil emergency organisations in times of crisis, defend the interests of the country by projecting power strategically and through expeditionary interventions, provide a defence contribution to UK influence and security for stabilisation. In March 2020 the Ministry of Defense also set up the COVID Support Force, which is responsible for strengthening civilian public services in particular with regard to public health (eg construction of military hospitals) and logistics (epidemiological assistance). The British Armed Forces are heavily involved in all of these tasks, except and provides the primary land force component necessary to achieve these tasks. During these heavy duties British soldiers have acquired the knowledge, skills and typical organizational culture that fundamentally differs from civilians’ skills. To prevent social conflicts and acquire civilian skills as well every state needs a broad set of tools of institutionalized human reconversion. Particularly important is the issue during application of volunteering forces when disarmament befalls at relatively young age and veterans are usually not expected to be reemployed by their previous employer. In general, this is a challenge at international level and the following solutions are offered in the UK.
A Featureless Infrared Transmission Spectrum for the Super-puff Planet Kepler-79d
Authors: Chachan Yayaati , Jontof-Hutter Daniel , Knutson Heather A. , Adams Danica , Gao Peter , Benneke Björn , Berta-Thompson Zachory , Dai Fei , Deming Drake , Ford Eric B. , Lee Eve J. , Libby-Roberts Jessica E. , Madhusudhan Nikku , Wakeford Hannah R. , Wong Ian
Published: October 2020

Extremely low-density planets (“super-puffs”) are a small but intriguing subset of the transiting planet population. With masses in the super-Earth range (1 − 10

) and radii akin to those of giant planets (> 4

), their large envelopes may have been accreted beyond the water snow line and many appear to be susceptible to catastrophic mass loss. Both the presence of water and the importance of mass loss can be explored using transmission spectroscopy. Here, we present new Hubble space telescope WFC3 spectroscopy and updated Kepler transit depth measurements for the super-puff Kepler-79d. We do not detect any molecular absorption features in the 1.1 − 1.7 μm WFC3 bandpass, and the combined Kepler and WFC3 data are consistent with a flat-line model, indicating the presence of aerosols in the atmosphere. We compare the shape of Kepler-79d’s transmission spectrum to predictions from a microphysical haze model that incorporates an outward particle flux due to ongoing mass loss. We find that photochemical hazes offer an attractive explanation for the observed properties of super-puffs like Kepler-79d, as they simultaneously render the near-infrared spectrum featureless and reduce the inferred envelope mass-loss rate by moving the measured radius (optical depth unity surface during transit) to lower pressures. We revisit the broader question of mass-loss rates for super-puffs and find that the age estimates and mass-loss rates for the majority of super-puffs can be reconciled if hazes move the photosphere from the typically assumed pressure of ∼10 mbar to

bar.
Reliability Correction is Key for Robust Kepler Occurrence Rates
Authors: Bryson Steve , Coughlin Jeffrey L. , Kunimoto Michelle , Mullally Susan E.
Published: October 2020

The Kepler DR25 planet candidate catalog was produced using an automated method of planet candidate identification based on various tests. These tests were tuned to obtain a reasonable but arbitrary balance between catalog completeness and reliability. We produce new catalogs with differing balances of completeness and reliability by varying these tests, and study the impact of these alternative catalogs on occurrence rates. We find that if there is no correction for reliability, different catalogs give statistically inconsistent occurrence rates, while if we correct for both completeness and reliability, we get statistically consistent occurrence rates. This is a strong indication that correction for completeness and reliability is critical for the accurate computation of occurrence rates. Additionally, we find that this result is the same whether using Bayesian Poisson-likelihood Markov Chain Monte Carlo or Approximate Bayesian Computation methods. We also examine the use of a Robovetter disposition score cut as an alternative to reliability correction, and find that while a score cut does increase the reliability of the catalog, it is not as accurate as performing a full reliability correction. We get the same result when performing a reliability correction with and without a score cut. Therefore removing low-score planets removes data without providing any advantage, and should be avoided when possible. We make our alternative catalogs publicly available, and propose that these should be used as a test of occurrence rate methods, with the requirement that a method should provide statistically consistent occurrence rates for all these catalogs.
On the Orbital Elements of the Two-body Problem with Slowly Decreasing Mass: The Gyldén–Mestchersky Cases
Authors: Abad Alberto , Calvo Manuel , Docobo José A. , Elipe Antonio
Published: October 2020

We study the dynamics of two-body problems with gravitational parameters μ = μ(t) decreasing with the time. In particular we focus our attention on the behavior of the orbital elements in the first two Gyldén–Mestchersky cases: in the first case (GM-I)

, where μ
0 is the constant initial value of the parameter and α a small positive constant. In the second case (GM-II)

. In the GM-I problem, using a suitable transformation of the radius vector and the physical time, which reduces the original problem to a pure Kepler problem, we are able to obtain explicit analytical expressions of the orbital elements that hold true for all

and therefore derive their asymptotic behavior. Moreover using the alternative scaled time these expressions show clearly their periodic and secular terms. For the GM-II problem a similar transformation to the GM-I problem leads to a perturbed Kepler problem with a radial direction perturbation. Although exact solutions in terms of elliptic functions may be obtained, the use of some integrals leads to analytical expressions of orbital elements that allow us to study their behavior. Finally, some comparisons between the time evolution of elements in both problems are also included.
Hydrodynamical Modeling of the Light Curves of Core-collapse Supernovae with HYPERION. I. The Mass Range 13–25 M⊙, the Metallicities −3 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0, and the Case of SN 1999em
Authors: Limongi Marco , Chieffi Alessandro
Published: October 2020

We present the last version of HYdrodynamic Ppm Explosion with Radiation diffusION (Hyperion), a hydrodynamic code designed to calculate the explosive nucleosynthesis, remnant mass, and light curve associated with the explosion of a massive star. By means of this code, we compute the explosion of a subset of red supergiant models taken from the database published by Limongi & Chieffi for various explosion energies in the range ∼0.20–2.00 × 1051 erg. The main outcomes of these simulations, i.e., remnant mass, synthesized 56Ni, luminosity, and length of the plateau of the bolometric light curve, are analyzed as a function of the initial parameters of the star (mass and metallicity) and the explosion energy. As a first application of Hyperion, we estimated the mass and metallicity of the progenitor star of SN 1999em, a well-studied Type IIP supernova, by means of the light-curve fitting. In particular, if the adopted distance to the host galaxy NGC 1637 is 7.83 Mpc, the properties of the light curve point toward a progenitor with an initial mass of 13 M
⊙ and a metallicity [Fe/H] = −1. If, on the contrary, the adopted distance modulus is 11.7 Mpc, all models with initial mass 13 ≤ M/M
⊙ ≤ 15 and metallicities −1 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0 are compatible with the progenitor of SN 1999em.
Exploring the Chemistry Induced by Energetic Processing of the H2-bearing, CO-rich Apolar Ice Layer
Authors: Martín-Doménech Rafael , Maksiutenko Pavlo , Öberg Karin I. , Rajappan Mahesh
Published: October 2020

Interstellar ice mantles on the surfaces of dust grains are thought to have a bilayered structure, with a H2O-rich polar layer, covered by a CO-rich apolar layer that probably harbors H2 and other volatiles such as N2. In this work, we explore the chemistry induced by 2 keV electrons and Lyα photons in H2:CO:15N2 ice analogs of the CO-rich layer when exposed to similar fluences to those expected from the cosmic-ray-induced secondary electrons and UV photons during the typical lifetime of dense clouds. Six products were identified upon 2 keV electron irradiation: CO2, C2O (and other carbon chain oxides), CH4, H2CO, H2C2O, and H15NCO. The total product abundances corresponded to 5%−10% of the initial CO molecules exposed to electron irradiation. Lyα photon irradiation delivered one to two orders of magnitude lower yields with a similar product branching ratio, which may be due to the low UV-photon absorption cross section of the ice sample at this wavelength. Formation of additional N-bearing species, namely C2
15N2 and 15NH3, was only observed in the absence of H2 and CO molecules, respectively, suggesting that reactants derived from H2 and CO molecules preferentially react with each other instead of with 15N2 and its dissociation products. In summary, ice chemistry induced by energetic processing of the CO-rich apolar ice layer provides alternative formation pathways for several species detected in the interstellar medium, including some related to the complex organic molecule chemistry. Further quantification of these pathways will help astrochemical models constrain their relative contribution to the interstellar budget of, especially, the organic species H2CO and HNCO.
The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey Large Program: The Infrared Excess of z = 1.5–10 UV-selected Galaxies and the Implied High-redshift Star Formation History
Authors: Bouwens Rychard , González-López Jorge , Aravena Manuel , Decarli Roberto , Novak Mladen , Stefanon Mauro , Walter Fabian , Boogaard Leindert , Carilli Chris , Dudzevičiūtė Ugnė , Smail Ian , Daddi Emanuele , da Cunha Elisabete , Ivison Rob , Nanayakkara Themiya , Cortes Paulo , Cox Pierre , Inami Hanae , Oesch Pascal , Popping Gergö , Riechers Dominik , van der Werf Paul , Weiss Axel , Fudamoto Yoshi , Wagg Jeff
Published: October 2020

We make use of sensitive (9.3 μJy beam−1 rms) 1.2 mm continuum observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (ASPECS) large program to probe dust-enshrouded star formation from 1362 Lyman-break galaxies spanning the redshift range z = 1.5–10 (to ∼7–28 M
⊙ yr−1 at 4σ over the entire range). We find that the fraction of ALMA-detected galaxies in our z = 1.5–10 samples increases steeply with stellar mass, with the detection fraction rising from 0% at 109.0
M
⊙ to

% at >1010
M
⊙. Moreover, on stacking all 1253 low-mass (<109.25
M
⊙) galaxies over the ASPECS footprint, we find a mean continuum flux of −0.1 ± 0.4 μJy beam−1, implying a hard upper limit on the obscured star formation rate of <0.6 M
⊙ yr−1 (4σ) in a typical low-mass galaxy. The correlation between the infrared excess (IRX) of UV-selected galaxies (L
IR/L
UV) and the UV-continuum slope is also seen in our ASPECS data and shows consistency with a Calzetti-like relation at >

and an SMC-like relation at lower masses. Using stellar mass and β measurements for z ∼ 2 galaxies over the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey, we derive a new empirical relation between β and stellar mass and then use this correlation to show that our IRX–β and IRX–stellar mass relations are consistent with each other. We then use these constraints to express the IRX as a bivariate function of β and stellar mass. Finally, we present updated estimates of star formation rate density determinations at z > 3, leveraging present improvements in the measured IRX and recent probes of ultraluminous far-IR galaxies at z > 2.
Morphological and phylogenetic characterisations reveal three new species of Samsoniella (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) from Guizhou, China
Authors: Chen Wan-Hao , Han Yan-Feng , Liang Jian-Dong , Tian Wei-Yi , Liang Zong-Qi
Published: October 2020

Samsoniella species have been found on lepidopteran larvae or pupae buried in soil or leaf litter. Three new species, Samsoniella hymenopterorum, S. coleopterorum and S. lepidopterorum, parasitic on hymenopteran larvae, coleopteran larvae and lepidopteran pupae, respectively, are reported. Morphological comparisons with extant species and DNA-based phylogenies from analysis of a multigene (ITS, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF) dataset supported the establishment of the new species. Unusually, all three new species have mononematous conidiophores. The new species are clearly distinct from other species in Samsoniella occurring in separate subclades.
The effect of cross-boundary management on the trajectory to commonness in biological invasions
Authors: Latombe Guillaume , Essl Franz , McGeoch Melodie A.
Published: October 2020

The number of alien species introduced and undergoing range expansion in novel environments is steadily increasing, with important consequences for native ecosystems. The efficacy of management planning and decision making to limit such invasions can be improved by understanding how interventions will impact the population dynamics of recently introduced species. To do so, here we expand on a typological framework that enables the classification of populations over time into 10 categories of commonness, and apply it to a spatially discrete metapopulation with heterogeneous abundance across spatial units (patches). We use this framework to assess the effect of cross-boundary management on the capacity of a metapopulation with different demographic and dispersal characteristics, including time lags in population growth, to become common. We demonstrate this framework by simulating a simple theoretical metapopulation model capable of exploring a range of environments, species characteristics, and management actions. Management can vary in the efficacy of propagule interception between patches, and in the synchronisation of the implementation of these measures across patches (i.e. if management is implemented simultaneously across patches). Simulations show that poor interception efficacy that only modestly reduces the number of propagules entering a given spatial unit cannot be compensated for by strong management synchronisation between spatial units. Management synchronisation will nonetheless result in a reduction in rates of spread once a critical threshold of interception efficacy has been met. Finally, time lags in population growth that may result in delayed spread are an important aspect to be considered in management as they can amplify the efficacy of management. Our results demonstrate how a typological framework of categories of commonness can be used to provide practical insights for the management of biological invasions.
Relationship Between Genetic Risk and Age of Diagnosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Dominguez Daniela , Kamphuis Sylvia , Beyene Joseph , Wither Joan , Harley John B. , Blanco Irene , Vila-Inda Catarina , Brunner Hermine , Klein-Gitleman Marissa , McCurdy Deborah , Wahezi Dawn M. , Lehman Thomas , Jelusic Marija , Peschken Christine A. , Pope Janet E. , Gladman Dafna D. , Hanly John G. , Clarke Ann E. , Bernatsky Sasha , Pineau Christian , Smith C. Douglas , Barr Susan , Boire Gilles , Rich Eric , Silverman Earl D.
Published: October 2020

Objective.

Specific risk alleles for childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus SLE (cSLE) vs adult-onset SLE (aSLE) patients have not been identified. The aims of this study were to determine if there is an association (1) between non-HLA–related genetic risk score (GRS) and age of SLE diagnosis, and (2) between HLA-related GRS and age of SLE diagnosis.

Methods.

Genomic DNA was obtained from 2001 multiethnic patients and genotyped using the Immunochip. Following quality control, genetic risk counting (GRCS), weighted (GRWS), standardized counting (GRSCS), and standardized weighted (GRSWS) scores were calculated based on independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms from validated SLE loci. Scores were analyzed in a regression model and adjusted by sex and ancestral population.

Results.

The analyzed cohort consisted of 1540 patients: 1351 females and 189 males (675 cSLE and 865 aSLE). There were significant negative associations between all non-HLA GRS and age of SLE diagnosis: P = 0.011 and r2 = 0.175 for GRWS; P = 0.008 and r2 = 0.178 for GRSCS; P = 0.002 and r2 = 0.176 for GRSWS (higher GRS correlated with lower age of diagnosis.) All HLA GRS showed significant positive associations with age of diagnosis: P = 0.049 and r2 = 0.176 for GRCS; P = 0.022 and r2 = 0.176 for GRWS; P = 0.022 and r2 = 0.176 for GRSCS; P = 0.011 and r2 = 0.177 for GRSWS (higher GRS correlated with higher age of diagnosis).

Conclusion.

Our data suggest that there is a linear relationship between genetic risk and age of SLE diagnosis and that HLA and non-HLA GRS are associated with age of diagnosis in opposite directions.