bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Promotion and Product Differentiation of Jukajo on Consumer Purchase Decision
Authors: Gandhy Abel , Hairuddin Julio Arthur
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this research was to measure the relationship and the impact of promotion and product differentiation on Jukajo consumer purchase decision. This research was a quantitative research with a questionnaire as the data collection method. The sampling technique in this research is purposive sampling technique. Then, the questionnaire was measured by Likert-scale and multiple linear regression. The result shows that promotion and product differentiation variable have positive impact on purchase decision partially and simultaneously. Bothvariables have 50,5% of impact towards consumer purchase decisions of Jukajo. Moreover, product differentiation becomes the most dominant variable which partially affects consumer purchase decision.
Periodontal Diagnosis and Treatment Planning Among Indiana Dental Faculty, Periodontists, and General Practice Dentists: A Multi‐Group Comparison
Authors: Marlow Allison K. , Hamada Yusuke , Maupome Gerardo , Eckert George J. , John Vanchit
Published: March 2018

Diagnosis and treatment planning for periodontal disease are fraught with challenges because of the complex and multifactorial nature of the disease as well as the inherent variability in interpretation of clinical findings. It is important for all practitioners to be accurate and consistent in formulating diagnoses based on the American Academy of Periodontology classification guidelines and to implement treatment plans to adequately address patients’ needs. The aim of this study was to compare diagnoses and treatment plans among four groups of participants: full‐time and part‐time periodontology faculty at Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), full‐time and part‐time IUSD general practice faculty, full‐time periodontists in private practice, and full‐time general practitioners in private practice. The study, conducted September 2016 to February 2017, also sought to determine if the calibrated participants had more correct diagnoses and treatment plans than those who had not received calibration training. Each of the four groups had 20 participants each. Participants evaluated ten de‐identified case records and selected a diagnosis and treatment plan for each case. In the results, the 20 IUSD periodontal faculty members, most of whom had participated in calibration sessions, had overall better agreement and more correct responses for diagnoses and treatment plans than the IUSD general practice faculty members, private practice general practitioners, and private practice periodontists (only one of those 60 participants had participated in calibration sessions). The results supported the notion that periodic calibration is needed to standardize faculty criteria, facilitate better agreement and accuracy, and enhance consistency in the use of clinical criteria during training for dental students and in practice.
Teaching Cell Biology to Dental Students with a Project‐Based Learning Approach
Authors: Costa-Silva Daniela , Côrtes Juliana A. , Bachinski Rober F. , Spiegel Carolina N. , Alves Gutemberg G.
Published: March 2018

Although the discipline of cell biology (CB) is part of the curricula of predoctoral dental schools, students often fail to recognize its practical relevance. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a practical‐theoretical project‐based course in closing the gaps among CB, scientific research, and dentistry for dental students. A project‐based learning course was developed with nine sequential lessons to evaluate 108 undergraduate dental students enrolled in CB classes of a Brazilian school of dentistry during 2013–16. To highlight the relevance of in vitro studies in the preclinical evaluation of dental materials at the cellular level, the students were challenged to complete the process of drafting a protocol and performing a cytocompatibility assay for a bone substitute used in dentistry. Class activities included small group discussions, scientific database search and article presentations, protocol development, lab experimentation, and writing of a final scientific report. A control group of 31 students attended only one laboratory class on the same theme, and the final reports were compared between the two groups. The results showed that the project‐based learning students had superior outcomes in acknowledging the relevance of in vitro methods during biocompatibility testing. Moreover, they produced scientifically sound reports with more content on methodological issues, the relationship with dentistry, and the scientific literature than the control group (p<0.05). The project‐based learning students also recognized a higher relevance of scientific research and CB to dental practice. These results suggest that a project‐based approach can help contextualize scientific research in dental curricula.
Un camino para las ciencias veterinarias y zootécnicas colombianas
Authors: Nassar-Montoya Fernando
Published: March 2018

¿Sabemos qué queremos de las ciencias veterinarias y zootécnicas de Colombia y qué necesita el país de estas? La respuesta a esta pregunta es una necesidad apremiante que deben abordar con seriedad los diferentes estamentos, disciplinas y corrientes de pensamiento que las componen. Si bien son innegables las profundas raíces históricas que tienen estas ciencias, también lo es el hecho que el contexto de la salud mundial y de las relaciones del ser humano con los animales ha cambiado extraordinariamente en los últimos 20 años. Ahora nos enfrentamos a la globalización caracterizada por la movilización masiva de personas, animales y productos, la rápida evolución del comercio y la internacionalización de las economías; los peligros que representan los cambios ambientales y la emergencia y re-emergencia de las zoonosis y la amenaza sobre la seguridad alimentaria acentuada en algunas regiones del planeta. También, los nuevos paradigmas de bioseguridad, bienestar animal y sostenibilidad ambiental, están conduciendo a profundas transformaciones en la producción, transporte, comercialización, uso y consumo de productos animales.
Asociación serológica de la rinoneumonitis viral equina y la anemia infecciosa equina
Authors: Ruiz Julián , Cruz Ángel , Reyes Erica , Góngora Agustín , López Albeiro
Published: March 2018

Objetivo. Determinar el nivel de asociación serológica entre los herpesvirus equinos tipos 1 y 4 (HVE-1 y HVE-4) causantes de la rinoneumonitis equina y el virus de la anemia infecciosa equina (VAIE) en caballos de trabajo provenientes de 5 municipios del Meta. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una encuesta serológica transversal en 68 equinos provenientes de los municipios de San Martín, Guamal, Restrepo, Cumaral y Paratebueno. Para la evaluación de los anticuerpos contra los HVE-1 y HVE-4, se utilizó un ELISA indirecto para detectar la presencia de anticuerpos dirigidos contra la glicoproteína G del HVE-1 y HVE-4 (Svanovir ™ EHV1/EHV4-Ab ELISA); para el diagnóstico de anticuerpos contra el VAIE se utilizó la prueba de inmunodifusión en agar de gel de Coggins. Resultados. No se encontraron reactores al HVE-1; sin embargo, el porcentaje de seropositividad fue de 94.12% (64/68) y 13.2%(9/68) para HVE-4 y VAIE respectivamente. El porcentaje de animales coinfectados HVE-4 y AIE fue 13.23% (9/68). Cuando se discriminaron los resultados por Municipio se encontró un 27.9% (19/68) de reactividad en el municipio de Restrepo, 26.5% (18/68) en Cumaral, 14.7% (10/68) en Paratebueno, 14.7% (10/68) en Guamal, y 10.3% (7/68) en San Martin. El porcentaje de reactores por municipio al VAIE fue Cumaral 5.88% (4/68), Restrepo 4.4% (3/68), Guamal 1.47%(1/68) y San Martín 1.47% (1/68). Conclusión. El alto porcentaje de coinfección entre HVE-4 y VAIE sugiere un efecto importante en la interacción, pues el efecto inmunosupresor del VAIE podría facilitar la reactivación del estado latente del HVE-4.
Estimación de los parámetros genéticos para el peso al nacer y al destete en ganado bovino de la raza brahman
Authors: Montes Donicer , Vergara Oscar , Prieto Esperanza , Rodríguez Andrés
Published: March 2018

Objetivo. Estimar la heredabilidad y las correlaciones genéticas, fenotípicas y ambientales para el peso al nacer y al destete en bovinos brahman. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 612 datos de peso al nacimiento (PN) y peso al destete (PD) de terneros de la raza cebú brahman, nacidos entre los años 1996 y 2003, datos pertenecientes a las fincas la Pradera y Mundo Nuevo, en el departamento de Sucre (Colombia). Los datos fueron analizados por el sistema MIXED de SAS. V 8.0. El modelo matemático propuesto incluyó los efectos fijos año, época, sexo, número de partos, finca y sugieren el efecto aleatorio de padre para ambas características. Resultados. Se encontró que los efectos finca y padre fueron estadísticamente significativos para el (PN). En cuanto PD, el año fue estadísticamente significativo (p≤0.05), los efectos sexo, número de partos y padre resultaron altamente significativos (p≤0.05) y los efectos época y finca no significativos (p≥0.05). Los estimados de heredabilidad fueron 0.16 y 0.37 para el PN y PD, respectivamente. Los valores de las correlaciones genéticas, fenotípicas y ambientales fueron respectivamente -0.2, 0.14 y 0.26. Conclusión. Los valores hallados para la heredabilidad indican que el fenotipo no es un buen indicador de su genotipo, debiendo recurrir para la selección de estos a la prueba de progenie o pedigrí. El valor de las correlaciones genéticas permite afirmar que las crías con mejores pesos al nacimiento no serán las que alcancen mayores pesos al destete
Estimación de la heredabilidad del intervalo de partos en bovinos cruzado
Authors: Vergara Oscar , Cerón Mario , Hurtado Naudin , Arboleda Elkin
Published: March 2018

Objetivo. Estimar la heredabilidad del intervalo de partos en bovinos cruzados. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó información de la base de datos de la hacienda La Leyenda, ubicada en el municipio de Caucasia (Antioquia). Se realizó un análisis uni-característico empleando el modelo animal. En el modelo se consideraron los efectos fijos del grupo genético, año de nacimiento, época de nacimiento y el número de partos y como efectos aleatorios, el efecto aditivo directo, de ambiente permanente y residual. Resultados. Se obtuvo una heredabilidad de 0.15 ± 0.07 y una media fenotípica de 544 ± 97 días. Conclusión. La heredabilidad para el intervalo de partos fue baja, por lo que se puede lograr poco progreso genético seleccionando para esta característica.
Similaridades clinicopatológicas entre paratuberculosis y enfermedad de Crohn. ¿Posible vínculo zoonótico?
Authors: Calderón Johan , Góngora Agustín
Published: March 2018

EL artículo presenta a la luz de la literatura científica actual la asociación del Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis con la enfermedad de Crohn, las principales similaridades clinicopatológicas. La revisión se limitó a las publicaciones contenidas en el programa HINARI de la WHO, en especial de Elservier Science, Bioline Internacional, Blackwell Publishing, BMJ Publishing, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Nature Publishing, PubMed, Springer Science y publicaciones de la Asociación Internacional para estudio de Paratuberculosis. Evidencias significativas apoyan un posible vinculo zoonótico entre las enfermedades. El aislamiento del Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis en pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn desde muestras de intestino, leche, sangre periférica y nódulos linfáticos; de igual manera la respuesta inmune especifica a algunos antígenos de Mycobacterium en pacientes con la enfermedad; aunque estos hallazgos tienen cada uno sus propias controversias. La evidencia actualmente disponible no es suficiente para validar o negar al Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis como agente causal de por lo menos algunos casos de enfermedad de Crohn. Los estudios son inconclusos en aceptar un vinculo zoonótico dada la naturaleza multifactorial de esta enfermedad. Se requieren estudios para determinar sí Mycobacterium es un agente espectador ó patogénico; paralelamente realizar estudios epidemiológicos a gran escala que permitan analizar la distribución geográfica y temporal de ambas enfermedades.
Desarrollo embrionario y estrategias antiluteoliticas hormonales en programas de transplante de embriones bovinos
Authors: Tovío Néstor , Duica Arturo , Grajales Henry
Published: March 2018

Durante el desarrollo embrionario se establecen múltiples interacciones entre hormonas, factores de crecimiento (FC) y diferente tipo de moléculas, con lo cual se genera una serie de señales que desencadenan el reconocimiento materno de preñez (RMP) entre los días 15 y 17, momento en el cual se genera un “periodo crítico”, cuando el endometrio libera la hormona prostaglandina F2α (PGF2 )para causar regresión del cuerpo lúteo (CL), en el cual se sintetiza progesterona (P4), hormonaα encargada de favorecer un adecuado ambiente uterino para el desarrollo embrionario y el mantenimiento de la preñez. El embrión en desarrollo genera señales antiluteolíticas que bloquean la producción de la PGF2 , por lo que se podría sugerir que el mantenimiento de la preñez es dependiente de la efectividadα de este bloqueo, entre otros factores; el cual es generado por la acción del Interferón tau (IFN-τ), producido en las células mononucleares del trofoblasto embrionario. Este bloqueo garantiza la integridad del CL y de esta forma la producción normal de P4. Por lo anterior se podría pensar que la manipulación estratégica apoyada hormonalmente, mejora las condiciones para el efectivo bloqueo de los agentes luteolíticos que tienen su mayor actividad durante el llamado “periodo crítico”, con lo cual se mejora la tasa de sobrevivencia en programas de transplante embrionario ya que se crearía un ambiente uterino adecuado para el establecimiento y normal desarrollo del embrión. Por esto mismo, últimamente se han planteado mecanismos de apoyo hormonal que causan un bloqueo apropiado en cuanto a la producción de PGF uterina durante los días15 y 17 del ciclo estral.
An eHealth Capabilities Framework for Graduates and Health Professionals: Mixed-Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Brunner Melissa , McGregor Deborah , Keep Melanie , Janssen Anna , Spallek Heiko , Quinn Deleana , Jones Aaron , Tseris Emma , Yeung Wilson , Togher Leanne , Solman Annette , Shaw Tim
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

The demand for an eHealth-ready and adaptable workforce is placing increasing pressure on universities to deliver eHealth education. At present, eHealth education is largely focused on components of eHealth rather than considering a curriculum-wide approach.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop a framework that could be used to guide health curriculum design based on current evidence, and stakeholder perceptions of eHealth capabilities expected of tertiary health graduates.

METHODS

A 3-phase, mixed-methods approach incorporated the results of a literature review, focus groups, and a Delphi process to develop a framework of eHealth capability statements.

RESULTS

Participants (N=39) with expertise or experience in eHealth education, practice, or policy provided feedback on the proposed framework, and following the fourth iteration of this process, consensus was achieved. The final framework consisted of 4 higher-level capability statements that describe the learning outcomes expected of university graduates across the domains of (1) digital health technologies, systems, and policies; (2) clinical practice; (3) data analysis and knowledge creation; and (4) technology implementation and codesign. Across the capability statements are 40 performance cues that provide examples of how these capabilities might be demonstrated.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study inform a cross-faculty eHealth curriculum that aligns with workforce expectations. There is a need for educational curriculum to reinforce existing eHealth capabilities, adapt existing capabilities to make them transferable to novel eHealth contexts, and introduce new learning opportunities for interactions with technologies within education and practice encounters. As such, the capability framework developed may assist in the application of eHealth by emerging and existing health care professionals. Future research needs to explore the potential for integration of findings into workforce development programs.
Acceptability of a Mobile Clinical Decision Tool Among Emergency Department Clinicians: Development and Evaluation of The Ottawa Rules App (Preprint)
Authors: Paradis Michelle , Stiell Ian , Atkinson Katherine M , Guerinet Julien , Sequeira Yulric , Salter Laura , Forster Alan J , Murphy Malia SQ , Wilson Kumanan
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

The Ottawa Ankle Rules, Ottawa Knee Rule, and Canadian C-Spine Rule—together known as The Ottawa Rules—are a set of internationally validated clinical decision rules developed to decrease unnecessary diagnostic imaging in the emergency department. In this study, we sought to develop and evaluate the use of a mobile app version of The Ottawa Rules.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this study was to determine acceptability of The Ottawa Rules app among emergency department clinicians. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of publicity efforts on uptake of The Ottawa Rules app.

METHODS

The Ottawa Rules app was developed and publicly released for free on iOS and Android operating systems in April 2016. Local and national news and academic media coverage coincided with app release. This study was conducted at a large tertiary trauma care center in Ottawa, Canada. The study was advertised through posters and electronically by email. Emergency department clinicians were approached in person to enroll via in-app consent for a 1-month study during which time they were encouraged to use the app when evaluating patients with suspected knee, foot, or neck injuries. A 23-question survey was administered at the end of the study period via email to determine self-reported frequency, perceived ease of use of the app, and participant Technology Readiness Index scores.

RESULTS

A total of 108 emergency department clinicians completed the study including 42 nurses, 33 residents, 20 attending physicians, and 13 medical students completing emergency department rotations. The median Technology Readiness Index for this group was 3.56, indicating a moderate degree of openness for technological adoption. The majority of survey respondents indicated favorable receptivity to the app including finding it helpful to applying the rules (73/108, 67.6%), that they would recommend the app to colleagues (81/108, 75.0%), and that they would continue using the app (73/108, 67.6%). Feedback from study participants highlighted a desire for access to more clinical decision rules and a higher degree of interactivity of the app. Between April 21, 2016, and June 1, 2017, The Ottawa Rules app was downloaded approximately 4000 times across 89 countries.

CONCLUSIONS

We have found The Ottawa Rules app to be an effective means to disseminate the Ottawa Ankle Rules, Ottawa Knee Rule, and Canadian C-Spine Rule among all levels of emergency department clinicians. We have been successful in monitoring uptake and access of the rules in the app as a result of our publicity efforts. Mobile technology can be leveraged to improve the accessibility of clinical decision tools to health professionals.
Appropriation of Mobile Health for Diabetes Self-Management: Lessons From Two Qualitative Studies (Preprint)
Authors: Rossmann Constanze , Riesmeyer Claudia , Brew-Sam Nicola , Karnowski Veronika , Joeckel Sven , Chib Arul , Ling Rich
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

To achieve clarity on mobile health’s (mHealth’s) potential in the diabetes context, it is necessary to understand potential users’ needs and expectations, as well as the factors determining their mHealth use. Recently, a few studies have examined the user perspective in the mHealth context, but their explanatory value is constrained because of their limitation to adoption factors.

OBJECTIVE

This paper uses the mobile phone appropriation model to examine how individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes integrate mobile technology into their everyday self-management. The study advances the field beyond mere usage metrics or the simple dichotomy of adoption versus rejection.

METHODS

Data were gathered in 2 qualitative studies in Singapore and Germany, with 21 and 16 respondents, respectively. Conducting semistructured interviews, we asked respondents about their explicit use of diabetes-related apps, their general use of varied mobile technologies to manage their disease, and their daily practices of self-management.

RESULTS

The analysis revealed that although some individuals with diabetes used dedicated diabetes apps, most used tools across the entire mobile-media spectrum, including lifestyle and messaging apps, traditional health information websites and forums. The material indicated general barriers to usage, including financial, technical, and temporal restrictions.

CONCLUSIONS

In sum, we find that use patterns differ regarding users’ evaluations, expectancies, and appropriation styles, which might explain the inconclusive picture of effects studies in the diabetes mHealth context.
Effects of a Participatory Ergonomics Intervention With Wearable Technical Measurements of Physical Workload in the Construction Industry: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Brandt Mikkel , Madeleine Pascal , Samani Afshin , Ajslev Jeppe ZN , Jakobsen Markus D , Sundstrup Emil , Andersen Lars L
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Construction work frequently involves heavy physical work, and a reduction of the physical workload should have high priority. Technological development has made it possible to obtain field measurements with surface electromyography (sEMG), kinematics measured with inertial measurement units (IMUs), and video recordings. However, no studies have used these methods simultaneously to detect situations with excessive physical workload (events) during a working day. Thus, knowledge about these specific events may combat work-related risk factors. Participatory ergonomics (PE) has shown promising results, but whether it can be used as a tool to reduce the physical workload during construction work remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE

This cluster randomized controlled trial investigated whether a PE intervention with technical measurements consisting of IMUs, sEMG, heart rate monitoring, and video recordings of physical workload could reduce the number of events with excessive physical workload during a working day. Furthermore, other outcomes were obtained from questionnaires.

METHODS

A total of 80 male full-time construction workers (aged 19 to 67 years) were randomized at the cluster level (gang) to a PE intervention consisting of 3 workshops (7 gangs and 32 workers) or to a control group (8 gangs and 48 workers). The physical workload was recorded by technical measurements, that is, IMUs, sEMG, heart rate monitoring, and video recordings during a full working day at baseline and 3 and 6 months’ follow-up. On the basis of the technical measurements, a custom-made computer program detected the situations (events) where the construction workers were exposed to excessive physical workload and used in the intervention. Differences in the number of events from baseline to follow-up between intervention and control were evaluated using linear mixed models (intention-to-treat), with individual nested in cluster as a random factor. Furthermore, questionnaires were filled out on test days.

RESULTS

The results of the primary outcome showed no change in the number of events with excessive physical workload. However, compared with the control group, the other outcomes showed decreased general fatigue after a typical working day (P=.001) and increased influence on own work (P=.04).

CONCLUSIONS

This PE intervention with technical measurements did not reduce the number of events with excessive physical workload during construction work. However, the intervention led to decreased general fatigue and increased influence on own work.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02498197; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02498197 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/74SZ3DIWS)
Predicting Therapy Success and Costs for Personalized Treatment Recommendations Using Baseline Characteristics: Data-Driven Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Bremer Vincent , Becker Dennis , Kolovos Spyros , Funk Burkhardt , van Breda Ward , Hoogendoorn Mark , Riper Heleen
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Different treatment alternatives exist for psychological disorders. Both clinical and cost effectiveness of treatment are crucial aspects for policy makers, therapists, and patients and thus play major roles for healthcare decision-making. At the start of an intervention, it is often not clear which specific individuals benefit most from a particular intervention alternative or how costs will be distributed on an individual patient level.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed at predicting the individual outcome and costs for patients before the start of an internet-based intervention. Based on these predictions, individualized treatment recommendations can be provided. Thus, we expand the discussion of personalized treatment recommendation.

METHODS

Outcomes and costs were predicted based on baseline data of 350 patients from a two-arm randomized controlled trial that compared treatment as usual and blended therapy for depressive disorders. For this purpose, we evaluated various machine learning techniques, compared the predictive accuracy of these techniques, and revealed features that contributed most to the prediction performance. We then combined these predictions and utilized an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in order to derive individual treatment recommendations before the start of treatment.

RESULTS

Predicting clinical outcomes and costs is a challenging task that comes with high uncertainty when only utilizing baseline information. However, we were able to generate predictions that were more accurate than a predefined reference measure in the shape of mean outcome and cost values. Questionnaires that include anxiety or depression items and questions regarding the mobility of individuals and their energy levels contributed to the prediction performance. We then described how patients can be individually allocated to the most appropriate treatment type. For an incremental cost-effectiveness threshold of 25,000 €/quality-adjusted life year, we demonstrated that our recommendations would have led to slightly worse outcomes (1.98%), but with decreased cost (5.42%).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate that it was feasible to provide personalized treatment recommendations at baseline and thus allocate patients to the most beneficial treatment type. This could potentially lead to improved decision-making, better outcomes for individuals, and reduced health care costs.
At the Frontiers of Labour Law and Corporate Law: Enterprise Bargaining, Corporations and Employees
Authors: Hill Jennifer
Published: March 2018

Nam tua res agitur, paries cum proximus ardet — For it is your business, when the wall next door catches fire.

Horace

No two areas of law-in Australia are moving with quite the breathless pace of corporate law and labour law. Changes under the Corporate Law Simplification project promise to be fundamental and far-reaching. And in Australian labour law, the enterprise bargaining regime under the Industrial Relations Reform Act 1993 is charting new waters. Lord Wedderburn has referred to the “unaccustomed proximity” of corporate law and labour law, and indeed, little recognition of the other's significance is evident in the reforms unfolding in each of these vital fields. This article focuses on the relevance of corporate law to labour lawyers. Its message, however, might just as easily be reversed.
A Proposal for a More Responsive Approach to the Regulation of Corporate Governance
Authors: Corbett Angus
Published: March 2018

One of the primary consequences of the difficulties experienced by companies and by regulators in the decade of the 1980s has been a greater focus on corporate governance. The precise meaning and content of this expression is far from clear. It seems to be a term used to describe a number of related phenomena that are influencing the way in which companies are being managed, governed and regulated. The mode of governance of companies is being influenced by the growth in institutional investment, an increased focus on the role of the board of directors, increased levels of disclosure of financial information, as well as by the chal1ging and developing roles of regulatory bodies such as the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX), the Australian Securities Commission(ASC), and the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC).
A Constitutional Right to a Fair Trial? Implications for the Reform of the Australian Criminal Justice System
Authors: Hope Janet
Published: March 2018

In the past decade problems of expense and delay in the administration of criminal justice have been the subject of numerous expressions of concern. In several Australian jurisdictions, legislative measures designed to improve the administrative efficiency of the criminal justice system so that cases can be disposed of more quickly and cheaply have been introduced. In many cases such legislation has had the effect of diminishing the protections available to accused persons.

The laws which govern the conduct of criminal proceedings in our society reflect the policy that it is preferable for a guilty person to go unpunished than for an innocent person to be convicted. On this basis, as a matter of legal principle, an accused person must be presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt. It follows that an accused person should not be obliged to help the prosecution establish its case and that no penalty should be imposed in relation to a crime until after a defendant has been convicted.
The Electoral Jurisdiction of the High Court as the Court of Disputed Returns: Non-Judicial Power and Incompatible Function?
Authors: Schoff Paul
Published: March 2018

It is obvious, that a power must be lodged somewhere to judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of the members of each house composing the legislature; for otherwise there could be no certainty, as to who were legitimately chosen members ... The only possible question on such a subject is, as to the body, in which such power shall be lodged. If lodged in any other, than the legislative body itself, its independence, its purity, and even its existence and action may be destroyed.

Story was there commenting on Art 1 § 5 CI 1 of the United States Constitution which provides that “Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns, and Qualifications of its own Members”. In the United States, the Supreme Court has held that in exercising the power to judge elections, returns and qualifications of its members, the Senate acts as a judicial tribuna1. In Buckley v Valeo, it was noted that Art 1 § 5 CI 1 conferred power judicial in character, rather than legislative.
Synthesis of Chalcone Derivatives and Their in vitro Anticancer Test Against Breast (T47D) and Colon (WiDr) Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Anwar Chairil , Prasetyo Yogo Dwi , Matsjeh Sabirin , Haryadi Winarto , Sholikhah Eti Nurwening , Nendrowati Nendrowati
Published: March 2018

The synthesis of chalcone derivatives as target compounds and anticancer test against breast (T47D) and colon (WiDr) cell line had been performed. The synthesis was performed by Claisen-Schmidt condensation by using acetophenone and benzaldehyde derivatives. The anticancer activity test of chalcone derivatives was carried out by MTT assay against T47D and WiDr cell lines. The synthesis was started by reacting 4-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde derivatives such as p-anisaldehyde (chalcone A [(E)-4'-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone]), veratraldehyde (chalcone B [(E)-4'-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone]), 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (chalcone C [(E)-4'-hydroxy-4-chlorochalcone]) and 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone with 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (chalcone D [(E)-2',4'-dihydroxy-4-chlorochalcone]) in methanol as solvent. The synthesis was carried out in alkaline condition (KOH) by stirring the mixture at room temperature for 48 h. The structures of products were identified by FTIR, GC-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectrometers. The results showed that the chalcone derivatives (A-D) were yielded in 96; 97; 96; and 93%, respectively as yellow solid. The anticancer test indicated that the chalcone D was the most active towards T47D cell line with IC50 of 42.66 μg/mL and the chalcone C was the most active against WiDr cell line with IC50 of 20.42 μg/mL.
Pilot Implementation of Human-Centered Model in Disaster Management: A Report From Landslides Area in Semarang City
Authors: Putranto Thomas Triadi
Published: March 2018

Semarang has a high potential of landslides occurrences in its almost area that should be noted by the stakeholders. Consider this fact, human as the part of the system should be used as a center of the disaster management system to reduce the risk caused by the disaster. An adapted model of human factor toolkits is developed to represent a specific phase of human-centered disaster management. This model presents four phases including major disaster scenario, human error analysis, safety critical task and performance influence factors (PIFs). As the preliminary implementation, this study takes the pilot implementation of each phase of the model to examine the reliability of the concept in the landslide cases, especially in Semarang city. The result shows that there is quite a high deviation between expected and observed behavior of the community and the government institution regarding the awareness states of the system.
Proximal Tubular Secretory Clearance
Authors: Wang Ke , Kestenbaum Bryan
Published: March 2018

The secretion of small molecules by the proximal tubules of the kidneys represents a vital homeostatic function for rapidly clearing endogenous solutes and medications from the circulation. After filtration at the glomerulus, renal blood flow is directed through a network of peritubular capillaries, where transporters of the proximal tubules actively secrete putative uremic toxins and hundreds of commonly prescribed drugs into the urine, including protein-bound substances that cannot readily cross the glomerular basement membrane. Despite its central physiologic importance, tubular secretory clearance is rarely measured or even estimated in clinical or research settings. Major barriers to estimating tubular solute clearance include uncertainty regarding optimal endogenous secretory markers and a lack of standardized laboratory assays. The creation of new methods to measure tubular secretion could catalyze advances in kidney disease research and clinical care. Differences in secretory clearance relative to the GFR could help distinguish among the causes of CKD, particularly for disorders that primarily affect the tubulointerstitium. As the primary mechanism by which the kidneys excrete medications, tubular secretory clearance offers promise for improving kidney medication dosing, which is currently exclusively on the basis of filtration. The differing metabolic profiles of retained solutes eliminated by secretion versus glomerular filtration suggest that secretory clearance could uniquely inform uremic toxicity, refine existing measures of residual kidney function, and improve prediction of cardiovascular and kidney disease outcomes. Interdisciplinary research across clinical, translational, and laboratory medicine is needed to bring this often neglected kidney function into the limelight.
Consumer Assessment of Lamb Loin and Leg from Australia, New Zealand, and United States
Authors: Phelps M. R. , Garmyn A. J. , Brooks J. C. , Martin J. N. , Carr C. C. , Campbell J. A. , McKeith A. G. , Miller M. F.
Published: March 2018

Lamb was sourced from 3 countries [Australia (AUS), New Zealand (NZ), and United States (US)] representing 2 muscle types (semimembranosus and longissimus lumborum) to evaluate the palatability of lamb loin and leg chops according to US consumers (n = 360). For tenderness, flavor, and overall liking, there was an interaction detected between source country and muscle (P < 0.05). Overall, US loin chops had the highest (P < 0.05) consumer sensory scores, were rated the most acceptable (P < 0.05), and were placed in better than everyday quality or premium quality categories more often than all other treatments. Leg samples sourced from AUS and NZ were rated the lowest (P < 0.05) for consumer sensory scores for tenderness, flavor liking and overall liking, as well as being the least acceptable (P < 0.05) for flavor liking and overall liking. Both source country and muscle impacted (P < 0.01) juiciness scores, as well as tenderness and juiciness acceptability. US chops were juicier and more acceptable for tenderness and juiciness than chops sourced from AUS or NZ, regardless of muscle; consumers rated loin chops juicier and more acceptable for tenderness and juiciness than legs chops, regardless of source country (P < 0.05). Overall, consumers detected differences in palatability between muscle type and the source country. Loin chops were preferred over leg chops for all palatability traits. US consumers preferred the domestically sourced lamb over the lamb sourced from AUS and NZ; however, complete animal background (diet, gender, and age) and knowledge of potential differences in slaughter and chilling conditions, as well as control over postmortem aging, is needed to help differentiate if differences in flavor were due to diet, genetics, or other environmental factors.
Construir sociedades comprometidas con el entorno natural: educación ambiental en niños del sur de Morelos, México
Authors: Pineda Jiménez Citlali , López Medellín Xavier , Wehncke Elisabet Verónica , Maldonado Almanza Belinda
Published: March 2018

Con el objetivo de fortalecer programas educativos en Morelos, México, aquí se analizan las percepciones y los conocimientos que tienen sobre el medio ambiente los niños y los profesores de las escuelas rurales y urbanas del sur del estado. Con la aplicación de cuestionarios fue posible identificar los factores que inciden tanto en la forma en que ellos perciben el ambiente, como en la que adquieren conocimientos sobre él. La mayoría de los niños rurales desconoce la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla, a pesar de vivir en ella, y también el deterioro ambiental, lo que contrasta con los niños urbanos. Estos conocimientos están relacionados con el lugar donde viven, y con la sensibilidad de los profesores, quienes tienen gran influencia en las actitudes de sus alumnos, por lo que deben emplear estrategias divertidas y significativas que los motiven a descubrir y cuidar el entorno. Es fundamental la participación de instituciones académicas, gubernamentales y privadas, así como de los padres de familia, para generar una sensibilización integral sobre el medio ambiente en la sociedad.
Menores migrantes de retorno: problemática académica y proceso administrativo en el sistema escolar sonorense
Authors: Valdéz Gardea Gloria Ciria , Ruiz Peralta Liza Fabiola , Rivera García Oscar Bernardo , Antonio López Ramiro
Published: March 2018

En este artículo se analizan las consecuencias de la migración internacional en los procesos académicos y administrativos escolares, para ello se examinaron las funciones directivas en la inscripción de los menores migrantes de retorno a México. Los resultados se obtuvieron a partir de los datos recopilados en 34 escuelas primarias públicas de Hermosillo, Sonora, durante el ciclo escolar 2014-2015. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a 34 directores y a 3 funcionarios de la Secretaría de Educación y Cultura del estado, para identificar la dinámica administrativa que realizan al momento de recibir a los niños y las niñas con experiencia educativa en Estados Unidos, y conocer el grado de capacitación y conocimiento que tienen los directores, para facilitar el proceso de incorporación de los nuevos estudiantes al sistema educativo de Sonora.
Latvieši Dienvidamerikā 1945–1991: darbība Latvijas neatkarības idejas saglabāšanai
Authors: Beķere Kristīne
Published: March 2018

Latvijas padomju okupācijas laikā Latvijas valsts neatkarības ideju uzturēja latvieši, kas dzīvoja dažādās Rietumu pasaules valstīs. Līdzīgi kā lielākās latviešu kopienas (ASV, Austrālijā, Kanādā u. c.), arī latvieši Dienvidamerikā uzskatīja, ka Latvijas valsts juridiski turpina pastāvēt, un savu atrašanos ārpus Latvijas uzskatīja par piespiedu trimdu. Šie uzskati bija svarīgs latviešu kopienu pašidentitātes elements, un tos latvieši apliecināja ar plašām un daudzveidīgām politiskām aktivitātēm, lai saglabātu Latvijas neatkarības ideju un veicinātu neatkarības atjaunošanu. Raksta mērķis ir atklāt latviešu politiskās aktivitātes Dienvidamerikas reģionā, kur tās, lai arī kopumā līdzīgas kā citās valstīs, vietējo politisko un ģeogrāfisko apstākļu dēļ ieguva specifiskas iezīmes.
Female leadership and value creation: Evidence from London stock exchange
Authors: Trinh Vu Quang , Pham Huyen Thu Thi , Pham Thinh Ngoc , Nguyen Giang Thuy
Published: March 2018

This study examines the effects of female leadership, at both board-level and individual-level, on the corporate value of UK FTSE100 stocks. United Kingdom is a valuable sample for this research as the UK governance sets the goal that at least a third of UK boardroom positions should be held by women by the end of 2020. Using the GMM approach with a dataset of 96 publicly firms from 2006 to 2016; our analysis reveals strong evidence that the existence of female directors on board is positively associated with firm value (Tobin’ Q). Testing for the female director positions, we interestingly found the competing results: the relation between the female chairman and firm value is significantly positive whilst there exists an adverse link between female CEO and firm value. The findings imply a significant effect of quota laws for gender diversity of boards of directors and female directors’ positions on UK corporate market value
Corporate trade-off hypothesis: An investigation of relationship between business and financial risk
Authors: Eleftheriadis Iordanis
Published: March 2018

This survey is focused on the investigation of the concept of the corporate trade-off hypothesis (CTH), which suggests that firms adjust business risk and financial leverage to obtain the desirable amount of total systematic risk. The empirical tests were carried on a sample of 319 firms from the food and beverage manufacturing sector that covered the period 2008-2016. Prior empirical research has examined the relationship between business and financial leverage using market data. The aim of this research was to explore this relationship using accounting data. The use of accounting data made it possible to include unlisted companies in our survey. The results show that there is an inverse relationship between the variables of operating beta and mean debt ratio, which measure business risk and financial leverage respectively. Consequently, the empirical findings support the hypothesis that the corporate trade-off hypothesis is operative, for the cluster of food and beverage manufacturing companies
Corporate tax avoidance and profitability followed by mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Duarte Daniel , Barros Victor
Published: March 2018

This paper aims to understand the change in corporate tax avoidance of acquirer firms following M&A deals. Several M&A features were tested in a sample which covers 391 European deals announced between 2005 and 2014. Overall, results suggest that there is no evidence of changes in acquirer’s ETR following M&As. However, evidence was found of a decrease in acquirer’s ETR of about 6.7% when the target firms report negative pre-tax income before the deal, and of 2.6% for domestic M&A. The decrease is increased to 7.9% if these characteristics are not mutually exclusive. Furthermore, it was found that acquirer’s ETR decreases with profitability, which is more pronounced in the presence of M&A deals. The findings support the longstanding view that taxation may not trigger M&As, although significant tax savings appear to occur for certain M&A characteristics
An investigation of the performance of luxury firms in Europe from an agency theory perspective
Authors: Campa Domenico
Published: March 2018

The luxury sector is one of the most significant segments of the economy. It is increasingly attracting the interest of investors given the high margins and growth that companies in this sector exhibit. What is the “secret” of this outstanding performance? Extant literature shows that firm-level strategies, i.e. marketing policies, supply-chain management, R&D investments, etc. are the keys to luxury company success. However, it neglected the investigation of ownership structure, in the context of the agency theory, as another determinant of company performance. This is an important gap since evidence indicates that ownership structure affects features that are crucial to the success of luxury firms. Accordingly, this paper uses a large panel dataset of luxury companies (1,153 unique firms and 8,253 firm-year observations) located in the European continent, OLS multivariate regression models with robust econometric features as well as a robustness test that controls for endogeneity and explores these firms from an agency theory perspective. It finds that luxury entities with higher ownership concentration perform better than the others. This relationship is stronger among non-EU member states and was not affected by the financial crisis. This investigation complements extant research on luxury companies showing that their governance does matter in explaining their success; thus it suggests to researchers of the luxury sector that the ownership structure of these entities cannot be ignored. The evidence reported in the paper helps owners and managers of luxury firms to detect potential agency issues and investors to spot features of highly profitable luxury firms.
Ragam Penafsiran Netizen tentang Pemimpin Non-Muslim: Telaah atas Penafsiran Surat al-Maidah Ayat 51
Authors: Zakariya Helmy
Published: March 2018

Internet media has an important role in the process of interpretation today. Before the arrival of this new medium, knowledge of religion is accessed through the literature of the books of Tafseer, fiqh, and other books. Nowadays people are getting easier to access anything with internet media including religious material. This article specifically discusses how netizens interpret al-Maidah: 51 which became a trending topic some time ago related to the national issue of non-Muslim leaders in the majority Muslim community. This discussion focuses on two questions. First, How does the role of netizens interpret al-Maidah: 51. Second, How about Netizen's understanding of choosing non-Muslim leaders? In this article, the author collects a variety of writings from the netizens who write al-Maidah's commentary in the internet media. The results showed that netizens used a variety of methods. Some netizens discussed it with the usual steps in the science of exegesis. Some others tend to take only a few steps to quote the opinions of the former Mufassir. In this case, the more complete the approach used the more effective the interpretation result will be. From this explanation can also be underlined that the interpretation circulating on the internet enough to give a new color for the development of contemporary interpretation and become a reference for each reader.