bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All in it Together? The Unlikely Rebirth of Covid Corporatism
Authors: Coulter Steve
Published: September 2020

The battle to soften the labour market impact of the pandemic has thrown up some unlikely bedfellows, with trade union leaders competing with business chiefs over who can most fulsomely praise the government’s economic response. But does this entente really presage a new era of ‘Covid‐corporatism’? Crises like Covid‐19 can provide opportunities for temporary social pacts, even in countries lacking the labour market institutions needed to sustain these in normal times, and the ‘social partners’ have shown an unusual willingness to be bold and constructive. But cracks are already appearing over how and when the state should begin its withdrawal from the economy. Unions face structural weaknesses and recruitment problems that will hamper their ability to take full advantage of what will likely prove to be only a temporary lull in hostilities.
On the (Re)presentation of Educational Research Through the Medium of the Creative Arts
Authors: Bridges David
Published: September 2020

The paper seeks to unpick and examine a number of related claims for the role of the arts or, more specifically, the creative arts, in educational research. It considers and evaluates ways in which artistic creativity might itself be thought of as either based on research or itself a form of inquiry which might claim to be research. Such claims are entirely plausible, though they perhaps force artistic creativity into a particular mould that not all artists would appreciate. Artistic work may also constitute data conveying information about a particular setting or the events from which they were produced, signs and symbols for the observer or researcher to interpret. The claim that art might be used to represent educational practice, policy or experience receives the fullest treatment, and this requires consideration of both the general claim (which runs counter to the ambitions of many artists, choreographers and musicians) and more particular claims for, for example research-based narrative fiction, which is treated somewhat sceptically.
Response and Responsibility: Rethinking Accountability in Education
Authors: Brady Alison M
Published: September 2020

Current conceptions of accountability imply that, in order for teachers to be able to hold themselves to account, they need first to have cultivated certain ‘professional dispositions’. But these conceptions fail to acknowledge the extent to which teachers are first and foremost accountable ‘as such’. For the early existentialist thought of the philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, this relates to a kind of responsibility premised on the ways in which we are always and inevitably responding to the world in which we find ourselves (with others). In this paper, I offer a reconceptualisation of teacher accountability in light of this, one that recognises implicit responses in classroom situations as underpinned by the subjectivity of those who bring these situations to light—often in subtle and immeasurable ways.
Relationship between abiotic factors and the incidence of sucking pests on rose plants
Authors: Amin Md Ruhul , Islam Md Ariful , Suh Sang Jae , Kwon Ohseok , Lee Keyong‐Yeoll
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted from November 2017 to May 2018 in the experimental field of the Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh, to investigate the effects of temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall on the incidence of sucking pests (thrips, aphids, and red spider mites) on roses. The results showed that the thrips population started to increase in the first week of January, gradually increasing and reaching its maximum (2.6 ± 0.2 individuals/flower) in the first week of February, and then declining. The aphid population started to increase in the second week of November, reached its peak (8.4 ± 0.6 individuals/shoot) in the last week of December, and then declining. The mite population started increasing in the second week of December, increased continuously until its peak (8.4 ± 0.4 individuals/shoot) in the first week of March, and then declining. The populations of thrips, aphids, and mites persisted until the third week of April, the third week of May, and the first week of April, respectively. Daily mean temperature and rainfall were negatively correlated with the increase in the thrips and aphid populations, while relative humidity was positively correlated with it; however, these correlations were not significant. The mite population had a significant positive correlation with temperature and a non‐significant negative correlation with relative humidity and rainfall. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that weather variables together predicted 34%, 53.1%, and 41.7% of thrips, aphid, and mite abundance on rose plants.
Opaluma Lessard & Woodley, gen. nov: a new genus of iridescent soldier flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) from Australia, including seven new species
Authors: Lessard Bryan D , Yeates David K , Woodley Norman E
Published: September 2020

Many eye‐catching and undescribed species of Australian soldier flies have been collected but left undiagnosed in entomological collections. We describe Opaluma Lessard & Woodley gen. nov., a new genus of iridescent soldier fly endemic to Australia from the subfamily Antissinae, and provide an updated key to the five Australian antissine genera. Seven new species are described and illustrated herein, along with an identification key to all known species. The new species are Opaluma ednae Lessard & Woodley, sp. nov., O. fabulosa Lessard & Woodley, sp. nov., O. iridescens Lessard & Woodley, sp. nov., O. opulens Lessard & Woodley, sp. nov., O. rupaul Lessard & Woodley, sp. nov., O. sapphira Lessard & Woodley, sp. nov. and O. unicornis Lessard & Woodley, sp. nov. All but one are known from locations directly impacted by the recent 2019/2020 spring and summer Australian bushfires. Now that the new species are formally named and described, they may be included in future bushfire recovery monitoring programs. Eight genera of Antissinae are now recognised in the world.
Competitive interactions and partial displacement of Anastrepha obliqua by Ceratitis capitata in the occupation of host mangoes (Mangifera indica)
Authors: Silva Diogo Rafael de Brito , Roriz Alzira Kelly Passos , Petitinga Clarissa Santana Chaves D'Aguiar , Lima Inajara Viana Gomes , do Nascimento Antônio Souza , Joachim‐Bravo Iara Sordi
Published: September 2020

We examined the competitive interactions between a native fruit fly species (Anastrepha obliqua Macquart) and the invasive medfly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann) when these co‐occur on a shared mango fruit host (Mangifera indica L.).

Using mango fruits of distinct levels of ripeness, we investigated both competition among larvae and among adult females for oviposition. We quantified competition by the numbers of eggs laid and the intensity of agonistic interactions between adult females.

Interactions between immature fruit flies led to reduced size and number of emerged adults of both species. These impacts were felt more acutely in the native species.

Interspecific competition between females led to fewer eggs laid on semi‐ripe fruit by both species, which may be the result of niche overlap associated with oviposition.

Intraspecific interactions between A. obliqua individuals led to intense agonistic behaviour, with a concurrent decrease in number of landings on these host fruits.

These results suggest that the native species undergoes a partial niche displacement when facing the invasive species. A portion of the fundamental niche of A. obliqua remained unoccupied by the invading C. capitata, which may allow their coexistence under natural conditions.
Systematic review on the contents and parameters of self‐management education programs in older adults with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Salwana Kamsan Siti , Kaur Ajit Singh Devinder , Pin Tan Maw , Kumar Saravana
Published: September 2020

Objective

The aim of this review was to determine the contents and parameters of self‐management education programs (SMEPs) for older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods

A systematic electronic literature search (Scopus, MEDLINE, ProQuest, CINAHL, Cochrane and a grey literature specific site through Google Scholar) was undertaken between March and May 2018 (search updated in June 2019). Studies were selected based on predetermined criteria. Data relating to the contents and parameters of the SMEP were extracted and collated.

Results

A total of 11 experimental studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall quality of the selected studies was good. The contents used for SMEP in older adults with KOA were information and management of KOA, healthy lifestyle and additional management strategies for KOA. The parameters used were face‐to‐face sessions led by health professionals and were chiefly group‐based.

Conclusion

This review comprehensively summarises the structure of multifaceted SMEP for people with KOA, which could be used to inform clinical practice and future research.
Complement in trauma—Traumatised complement?
Authors: Huber‐Lang Markus S. , Ignatius Anita , Köhl Jörg , Mannes Marco , Braun Christian Karl
Published: September 2020

Physical trauma represents a major global burden. The trauma‐induced response, including activation of the innate immune system, strives for regeneration but can also lead to post‐traumatic complications. The complement cascade is rapidly activated by damaged tissue, hypoxia, exogenous proteases and others. Activated complement can sense, mark and clear both damaged tissue and pathogens. However, excessive and insufficient activation of complement can result in a dysfunctional immune and organ response. Similar to acute coagulopathy, complementopathy can develop with enhanced anaphylatoxin generation and an impairment of complement effector functions. Various remote organ effects are induced or modulated by complement activation. Frequently, established trauma treatments are double‐edged. On one hand, they help stabilising haemodynamics and oxygen supply as well as injured organs and on the other hand, they also drive complement activation. Immunomodulatory approaches aim to reset trauma‐induced disbalance of complement activation and thus may change surgical trauma management procedures to improve outcome.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed issue on Canonical and non‐canonical functions of the complement system in health and disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.14/issuetoc
The systemic autoinflammatory disorders for dermatologists. Part 2: disease examples
Authors: Oldham J. , Lachmann H. J.
Published: September 2020

The systemic autoinflammatory disorders (SAIDS) or periodic fever syndromes are disorders of innate immunity, which can be inherited or acquired. They are almost all very rare and easily overlooked; typically, patients will have seen multiple specialities prior to diagnosis, so a high level of clinical suspicion is key. It is important to note that these are ‘high-value’ diagnoses as the majority of these syndromes can be very effectively controlled, dramatically improving quality of life and providing protection against the development of irreversible complications such as AA amyloidosis. In Part 1 of this review, we took an overview of SAIDS and described the common features; in this article, we take a more in-depth look at the better recognized or more dermatologically relevant conditions.
Magnetic resonance imaging of Baló’s concentric sclerosis: Literature review and presentation of two focused cases
Authors: Ballini Chiara , Destro Francesco , Garofalo Paolo , Suri Jasjit S. , Ercoli Tommaso , Muroni Antonella , Caddeo Giancarlo , Qi Yang , Defazio Giovanni , Saba Luca
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to describe two cases of Baló’s concentric sclerosis, and to review the state‐of‐the‐art literature. This dissertation is the result of a critical analysis matching the literature and our professional experience. Data were synthesized into a narrative review. BCS is often referred to as a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is still unclear whether BCS is an acute variant of MS or a distinct entity that happens to coexist with MS. BCS and MS‐like lesions might be present at the same time. BCS lesions are characterized by a large concentric “onion‐like” shape on MRI T2‐weighted images composed of alternating hypointense and hyperintense layers. On contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images, BCS active lesions usually show an enhancing and non‐enhancing pattern. The advancing edge of demyelination could be represented by peripheral restricted diffusion and contrast enhancement. Baló’s lesions is mainly found in the supratentorial white matter; however; the cerebellum, the brainstem and the spinal cord might be affected as well. The present two cases both showed onion‐like lesions; case 1 showed typical BCS features, whereas case 2 was atypical and could be classified as probably BCS or as a BCS‐like lesion in the course of MS. It is important for radiologists to be able to recognize this type of lesion and to cooperate with clinicians to help them carry out earlier diagnosis and treatment, determining a better clinical outcome for patients affected by BCS, even without histological confirmation, which is still considered the gold standard.
Perspectives on personal identity in the early stages of psychosis: A survey of Canadian clinicians
Authors: Ben‐David Shelly , Kealy David , Hanson Jessica , Ortiz Radha
Published: September 2020

Aim

Identity‐related concerns represent an important aspect of young people's experience in early psychosis. Knowledge regarding clinicians' perspectives on this issue, however, is limited. Thus, the present study was developed to understand Canadian clinicians' perspectives on personal identity‐related concerns in early psychosis.

Methods

An online survey was distributed to 331 multiprofessional clinicians working in early psychosis intervention programs in a Canadian province. Clinicians were asked about their opinions regarding the salience of identity in early psychosis using Likert‐rated items and open response questions.

Results

Nearly all of the clinicians agreed that identity is an important issue for clinical attention, yet only half of the clinicians endorsed a high level of confidence in their ability to address issues related to identity in treatment. Although several clinical strategies were identified, specific evidence‐based approaches for strengthening identity in early psychosis remain lacking.

Conclusions

Findings indicate a need for early psychosis programs to invest in identity‐ related training for clinicians.
Alteration of brain dynamics during dual‐task overground walking
Authors: Nenna Federica , Do Cao Tri , Protzak Janna , Gramann Klaus
Published: September 2020

When walking in our natural environment, we often solve additional cognitive tasks. This increases the demand of resources needed for both the cognitive and motor systems, resulting in Cognitive‐Motor Interference (CMI). A large portion of neurophysiological investigations on CMI took place in static settings, emphasizing the experimental rigor but overshadowing the ecological validity. As a more ecologically valid alternative to treadmill and desktop‐based setups to investigate CMI, we developed a dual‐task walking scenario in virtual reality (VR) combined with Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI). We aimed at investigating how brain dynamics are modulated by dual‐task overground walking with an additional task in the visual domain. Participants performed a visual discrimination task in VR while standing (single‐task) and walking overground (dual‐task). Even though walking had no impact on the performance in the visual discrimination task, a P3 amplitude reduction along with changes in power spectral densities (PSDs) were observed for discriminating visual stimuli during dual‐task walking. These results reflect an impact of walking on the parallel processing of visual stimuli even when the cognitive task is particularly easy. This standardized and easy to modify VR paradigm helps to systematically study CMI, allowing researchers to control for the impact of additional task complexity of tasks in different sensory modalities. Future investigations implementing an improved virtual design with more challenging cognitive and motor tasks will have to investigate the roles of both cognition and motion, allowing for a better understanding of the functional architecture of attention reallocation between cognitive and motor systems during active behavior.
A high glucose concentration during early stages of in vitro equine embryo development alters expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism
Authors: Sánchez‐Calabuig María J. , Fernández‐González Raúl , Hamdi Meriem , Smits Katrien , López‐Cardona Angela P. , Serres Consuelo , Macías‐García Beatriz , Gutiérrez‐Adán Alfonso
Published: September 2020

Background

Equine embryos exhibit an unusual pattern of glucose tolerance in vitro and are currently cultured in hyperglycaemic conditions.

Objective

Our main objective was to analyse the effect of different glucose concentrations on in vitro‐produced equine embryo development and quality.

Study design

Experiments comparing in vitro and in vivo produced embryos.

Methods

Oocytes (n = 641) were collected from post‐mortem ovaries, matured in vitro and fertilised by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Embryo culture was divided from Day 0 to Day 4 and from Day 4 to Day 9 in three groups: 5‐10 (5 and 10 mmol/L glucose respectively; n = 87); 5‐17 (5 and 17.5 mmol/L; n = 66); and 10‐17 (10 and 17.5 mmol/L; n = 117). A control group of 20 in vivo produced blastocysts was included. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were evaluated and embryos were snap‐frozen for analysis of the relative mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial function, DNA methylation, apoptosis, glucose transport and metabolism.

Results

No differences were observed in the cleavage or blastocyst rates among in vitro groups. Under high glucose conditions in vitro (10‐17 group), BAX/BCL2 was higher, and PFKP, LDHA and COX2 were overexpressed compared to all other groups. The two groups with 5 mmol/L glucose concentration during the first culture stage (5‐10 and 5‐17) displayed similar patterns which differed to the 10‐17 group.

Main limitations

Conclusions related to embryo quality are based on gene expression patterns. Transfer of in vitro‐produced embryos would reveal whether the observed differences improve embryo developmental competence.

Conclusions

Five mM glucose during the first days of culture seems to be preferable to avoid over‐activation of embryonic glycolytic pathways. Further studies are necessary to determine whether this improves embryo developmental competence.
Perceptual differences about kanji instruction: Native versus nonnative, and secondary versus postsecondary instructors of Japanese
Authors: Mori Yoshiko
Published: September 2020

This study investigated perceptual differences between Japanese language instructors with different ethnolinguistic and professional backgrounds in respect to kanji (i.e., Chinese characters used in Japanese) instruction. A total of 199 teachers of Japanese across the United States completed a 62‐item questionnaire eliciting their attitudes toward kanji and instructional strategies. A principal component analysis identified six attitude factors (Kanji has cultural value; Kanji is useful; Kanji is difficult; Kanji is fun; Kanji has future; and Kanji learning requires special abilities) and seven strategy factors (memory strategies, context‐based strategies, confidence, sound strategies, morphological analysis, metacognitive strategies, and rote memorization). Overall, the instructors appreciated the usefulness of kanji and considered rote memorization, memory, and metacognitive strategies effective. Multivariate analyses, however, revealed the statistically significant effects of native status and school level on the self‐report instructional strategies. Specifically, nonnative instructors rated the effectiveness of sound, memory, and context‐based strategies higher than native counterparts, and that secondary school teachers showed stronger beliefs in the effectiveness of memory strategies than college instructors, who rated rote memorization most effective. In sum, Japanese language instructors in general reflect upon their own kanji instruction from multiple perspectives but show different perceptions that are attributable to their learning and professional experiences.
Developing metaphorical awareness and competence in Chinese as a foreign language through concept‐based instruction
Authors: Liu Shuyuan , Hsieh Chen‐Yu C.
Published: September 2020

Due to the importance of metaphorical capacity for L2 learners, metaphor instruction is increasingly considered a crucial part of language education. To contribute to the still growing literature, the current study reports a project of teaching Chinese animal metaphors to learners of Mandarin as a foreign language, following the framework of systemic‐theoretical instruction for concept‐based instruction (CBI). Given the conceptual nature of metaphors and their role in the conceptual understanding of a language, a concept‐based approach is therefore hypothesized as relevant in the development of learner's metaphorical capacity. By analyzing the surveys, coursework, and assignments completed by and the audio recordings of instructional sessions conducted with three focal participants, this research shows that CBI is effective in growing the learners' metaphorical awareness and competence, despite their difference in general language proficiency and the seemingly short period of instruction. As such, this research reveals both the mechanisms of L2 metaphor learning and the effects of CBI on the practice of L2 metaphor instruction.
Improving the age reading of East Greenland Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) by determining otolith growth zone timing and annuli widths
Authors: Lyngby Mette Svantemann , Rigét Frank , Retzel Anja , Hedeholm Rasmus , Grønkjær Peter
Published: September 2020

Accurate and consistent age readings are cornerstones of age‐based assessment and management of exploited fish stocks. Otoliths are the preferred structure for age determination, often performed by counting the number of completed 001 zones. Uncertainty regarding the identification of the first translucent zone and the timing of translucent zone formation can cause skewed age determination even in species with otherwise clearly defined annuli. This study addresses an inter‐institutional discrepancy in age readings of the East Greenland Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. By analysing the opacity of the otolith margin of cod sampled monthly from February to December, it was shown that translucent zones are formed primarily during March–May. Size distributions of the dorsal–ventral and proximal–distal widths of the first three translucent zones are provided as guide to their identification. This study provides new knowledge that resolves the discrepancy in age reading of East Greenland Atlantic cod.
Donor cell microchimerism in kidney transplantation: Implications for graft function
Authors: El‐Ansary Mervat , Saadi Gamal , Hassaballa May , Zidan Mahmoud , Abdel Fattah Walaa , Kelany Ayda K. , Hanna Mariam Onsy F.
Published: September 2020

Given the uncertainty regarding the relationship between donor cells at microchimeric levels and its influence on graft function and clinical outcome, we explored the extent and importance of donor microchimerism in kidney transplantation. Twenty patients with chronic kidney disease who had received allografts from living donors were studied. We examined peripheral whole blood samples from the recipients one month after the transplant, applying mitochondrial DNA variant‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify and quantify donor cells in relation to allograft function and survival during three years of follow‐up. Higher quantities of donor‐derived cell microchimerism in the peripheral blood correlated with better graft function in the early postoperative period at 1 month (R2 = .536, p = .001) and predicted improved graft function 1 year following the transplant (R2 = .430, p = .008). Furthermore, early post‐transplant quantities of donor cell microchimerism were an important predictor of improved kidney function 3 years after transplantation (R2 = .397, p = .021). However, donor cell microchimerism failed to predict patient and graft survival after 3 years (odds ratio = 0.536, p = .860). Our findings suggest that donor cell microchimerism plays an immunoregulatory role in kidney transplantation and contributes to donor‐specific immune hypo‐responsiveness and graft acceptance.
Establishing Ghanaian adult reference intervals for hematological parameters controlling for latent anemia and inflammation
Authors: Bawua Abigail S. A. , Ichihara Kiyoshi , Keatley Rosemary , Arko‐Mensah John , Dei‐Adomakoh Yvonne , Ayeh‐Kumi Patrick F. , Erasmus Rajiv , Fobil Julius
Published: September 2020

Background

In Ghana, diagnostic laboratories rely on reference intervals (RIs) provided by manufacturers of laboratory analyzers which may not be appropriate. This study aimed to establish RIs for hematological parameters in adult Ghanaian population.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study recruited 501 apparently healthy adults from two major urban areas in Ghana based on the protocol by IFCC Committee for Reference Intervals and Decision Limits. Whole blood was tested for complete blood count (CBC) by Sysmex XN‐1000 analyzer, sera were tested for iron and ferritin by Beckman‐Coulter/AU480, for transferrin, vitamin‐B12, and folate was measured by Centaur‐XP/Siemen. Partitioning of reference values by sex and age was guided by “effect size” of between‐subgroup differences defined as standard deviation ratio (SDR) based on ANOVA. RIs were derived using parametric method with application of latent abnormal values exclusion method (LAVE), a multifaceted method of detecting subjects with abnormal results in related parameters.

Results

Using SDR ≥ 0.4 as a threshold, RIs were partitioned by sex for platelet, erythrocyte parameters except mean corpuscular constants, and iron markers. Application of LAVE had prominent effect on RIs for majority of erythrocyte and iron parameters. Global comparison of Ghanaian RIs revealed lower‐side shift of RIs for leukocyte and neutrophil counts, female hemoglobin and male platelet count, especially compared to non‐African countries.

Conclusion

The LAVE effect on many hematological RIs indicates the need for deliberate secondary exclusion for proper derivation of RIs. Obvious differences in Ghanaian RIs compared to other countries underscore the importance of country‐specific RIs for improved clinical decision‐making.
The impact of the social context on value and expectancy beliefs in an online graduate program: The role of social presence
Authors: Edwards Ordene V.
Published: September 2020

This study examines the influence of perceived social presence on online graduate students' value and expectancy beliefs. Forty‐nine participants enrolled in an online teacher leadership graduate program completed questionnaires that measured perceived social presence and value and expectancy beliefs. A series of simple linear regression analyses revealed that social presence positively predicted students' value for online learning. Social presence did not predict participants' expectations of future success in teacher leadership. Results partially supported the assumption of the expectancy‐value model that motivational beliefs are influenced by the information students receive from social partners. Moreover, the study tested and confirmed the application of the model in online settings and for students pursuing graduate education.
LIGHT aggravates sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury via TLR4‐MyD88‐NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhong Yu , Wu Shun , Yang Yan , Li Gui‐qing , Meng Li , Zheng Quan‐you , Li You , Xu Gui‐lian , Zhang Ke‐qin , Peng Kan‐fu
Published: September 2020

Sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (SA‐AKI) is a common clinical critical care syndrome. It has received increasing attention due to its high morbidity and mortality; however, its pathophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. LIGHT, the 14th member of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and a bidirectional immunoregulatory molecule that regulates inflammation, plays a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis. In this study, mice with an intraperitoneal injection of LPS and HK‐2 cells challenged with LPS were employed as a model of SA‐AKI in vivo and in vitro, respectively. LIGHT deficiency notably attenuated kidney injury in pathological damage and renal function and markedly mitigated the inflammatory reaction by decreasing inflammatory mediator production and inflammatory cell infiltration in vivo. The TLR4‐Myd88‐NF‐κB signalling pathway in the kidney of LIGHT knockout mice was dramatically down‐regulated compared to the controls. Recombinant human LIGHT aggravated LPS‐treated HK‐2 cell injury by up‐regulating the expression of the TLR4‐Myd88‐NF‐κB signalling pathway and inflammation levels. TAK 242 (a selective TLR4 inhibitor) reduced this trend to some extent. In addition, blocking LIGHT with soluble receptor fusion proteins HVEM‐Fc or LTβR‐Fc in mice attenuated renal dysfunction and pathological damage in SA‐AKI. Our findings indicate that LIGHT aggravates inflammation and promotes kidney damage in LPS‐induced SA‐AKI via the TLR4‐Myd88‐NF‐κB signalling pathway, which provide potential strategies for the treatment of SA‐AKI.
Clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in South America: A centre‐level systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational data
Authors: Boissonnet Carlos Pablo , Giorgi Mariano Aníbal , Carosella Lucila , Brescacin Carola , Pissinis Jerónimo , Guetta Javier Norberto
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To estimate in‐hospital and 30‐day outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in South America through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational data.

Methods

We comprehensively searched for papers published in peer‐reviewed medical journals and for abstracts presented in medical conferences of the region from 1 September 2008, through 29 June 2020, using predefined criteria. We included single‐centre studies on TAVR populations with ≥10 patients from South America reporting any in‐hospital or 30‐day clinical outcome.

Results

Fifty‐five cohorts from seven countries, pooling 3001 patients, were included in a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Self‐expandable prostheses were the most frequently implanted. Pooled estimate of procedure success by VARC2 criteria was 90.0% (95%CI 81.8%‐94.7%; I2 75.0%). The pooled estimate rates of the outcomes were as follow: post‐procedure moderate or severe aortic regurgitation, 9.7% (95%CI 6.0%‐15.4%; I2 65.4%), in‐hospital cardiac tamponade, 4.0% (95%CI 2.5%‐6.6%; I2 0%), in‐hospital stroke, 4.1% (95%CI 2.9%‐5.7%; I2 0%), in‐hospital major vascular complication, 7.8% (95%CI 5.2%‐11.5%; I2 22.3%), in‐hospital permanent pacemaker implantation, 19.4% (95%CI 15.9%‐23.4%; I2 53.8%), in‐hospital mortality, 8.0% (95%CI 6.7%‐9.6%; I2 0%), and 30‐day mortality, 9.7% (95%CI 7.9%‐11.8%; I2 26.4%).

Conclusion

As compared with published international registries, the overall results of TAVR in South America seemed underrated. Significant heterogeneity was observed in procedural success, pacemaker requirement, and post‐procedure moderate or severe aortic regurgitation. This study provides a real‐life framework for the analysis of the performance of this technology in the region, intended to be a starting point for quality improvement.
Symptomatic cholelithiasis patients have an increased risk of pancreatic cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Wang Chi‐Chih , Tseng Ming‐Hseng , Wu Sheng‐Wen , Yang Tzu‐Wei , Chen Hsuan‐Yi , Sung Wen‐Wei , Su Chang‐Cheng , Wang Yao‐Tung , Chen Wei‐Liang , Lai Hsueh‐Chou , Lin Chun‐Che , Tsai Ming‐Chang
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim

Pancreatic cancer is a fatal disease; currently, the risk factor survey is not suitable for sporadic pancreatic cancer, which has neither family history nor the genetic analysis data. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the roles of cholelithiasis and cholelithiasis treatments on pancreatic cancer risk.

Methods

Symptomatic adult patients with an index admission of cholelithiasis were selected from one million random samples obtained between January 2005 and December 2009. The control group was matched with a 1:1 ratio for sex, age, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cystic disease. Subsequent pancreatic cancer, which we defined as pancreatic cancer that occurred ≥ 6 months later, and total pancreatic cancer events were calculated in the cholelithiasis and control groups. The cholelithiasis group was further divided into endoscopic sphincterotomy/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation, cholecystectomy, endoscopic sphincterotomy/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation and cholecystectomy, and no‐intervention groups for evaluation.

Results

The cholelithiasis group and the matched control group included 8265 adults. The cholelithiasis group contained 86 cases of diagnosed pancreatic cancer, and the control group contained 8 cases (P < 0.001). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of subsequent pancreatic cancer was significantly higher in the cholelithiasis group than in the control group (IRR: 5.28, P < 0.001). The IRR of subsequent pancreatic cancer was higher in the no‐intervention group comparing with cholecystectomy group (IRR = 3.21, P = 0.039) but was similar in other management subgroups.

Conclusion

Symptomatic cholelithiasis is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer; the risk is similar regardless of the intervention chosen for cholelithiasis.
Cancer Prevention and Screening for Older Adults: Part 2. Interventions to Prevent and Screen for Breast, Prostate, Cervical, Ovarian, and Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Coll Patrick P. , Korc‐Grodzicki Beatriz , Ristau Benjamin T. , Shahrokni Armin , Koshy Alexander , Filippova Olga T. , Ali Imran
Published: September 2020

The incidence of most cancers increase with age. Cancer is the second most common cause of death in older adults after cardiovascular disease. Many common cancers in older adults can be prevented from occurring or can be identified at an early stage and treated effectively. Although cancer is feared primarily because of premature mortality, for many older adults, preventing and identifying cancer in its early stages, in an attempt to reduce discomfort and disability associated with advanced cancer and cancer treatment, is also a priority. Overscreening for cancer in older adults can lead to unnecessary diagnostic testing and unnecessary treatment. Both older adults and their healthcare providers need guidance on the appropriate use of cancer prevention and screening interventions. This is the second part of a two‐part clinical review on cancer prevention and screening for adults aged 65 and older. Guidance is provided regarding the prevention and early identification of breast, prostate, cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. The prevention of lung, colorectal, bladder, and kidney cancer is addressed in Part 1.
Banking on the Boom, Tripped by the Bust: Banks and the World War I Agricultural Price Shock
Authors: JAREMSKI MATTHEW , WHEELOCK DAVID C.
Published: September 2020

How do banks respond to asset booms? This paper examines (i) how U.S. banks responded to the World War I farmland boom; (ii) the impact of regulation; and (iii) how bank closures exacerbated the postwar bust. The boom encouraged new bank formation and balance sheet expansion (especially by new banks). Deposit insurance amplified the impact of rising crop prices on bank portfolios, while higher minimum capital requirements dampened the effects. Banks that responded most aggressively to the asset boom had a higher probability of closing in the bust, and counties with more bank closures experienced larger declines in land prices.
Using telehealth for rural paediatric diabetics: Does it deliver good care?
Authors: Williams Michael
Published: September 2020

Aim

To evaluate rural paediatric diabetic telehealth clinics including whether they meet clinical standards, provide equivalent care to central clinics, families were satisfied and difficulties were encountered.

Methods

An audit of a telehealth service for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus at four rural sites was conducted. The case notes for each patient for 2019 were reviewed to determine if standards of paediatric diabetic care were met. Interviews were conducted at a clinic at each site with the child, parent(s) and staff attending the clinics. A retrospective review of difficulties in service provision was undertaken with staff.

Results

Nineteen children and adolescents were seen in the telehealth clinics over the year. Eighteen (95%) were seen four times with point‐of‐care measurement of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and growth by the consultant paediatrician and diabetic nurse educator. Complication screening was achieved on time for 15 (78%) patients, with the remaining patients having had the tests ordered. Eleven (56%) patients were reviewed by a dietician, six (33%) by social worker and five (27%) by psychologist. All patients and parents reported receiving good support for their diabetes without any preferring to attend the central clinic. There were no significant technical difficulties.

Conclusion

Providing paediatric diabetic care through a telehealth service at rural hospitals meets standards of care and was provided without technical difficulties. It is preferred by patients and their parents to attending a central clinic. A model of service is presented that may be replicated elsewhere in Australia.
Validating the eHealth Literacy Scale in Rural Adolescents
Authors: Giger Jarod T. , Barnhart Sheila , Feltner Fran , Slone Melissa , Lawler Michael J. , Windsor Leah , Windsor Alistair
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Given that the recent eHealth literacy literature supports the properties of the 3‐factor eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS) model in samples with millennials, adults, and older adults, the appropriate next step is to establish whether the model can be reproduced in a rural adolescent sample. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the recent 3‐factor model by Paige and associates with a sample of seventh‐grade students.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included a subsample of students (n = 146) from 3 school districts in Appalachian Kentucky. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) procedures and small sample model fit guidelines to evaluate our model, and the 1‐sample bootstrap algorithm with bias‐corrected and accelerated 95% confidence intervals to estimate associations among eHEALS and health and technology variables.

Findings

A total of 137 students, or 61% of enrolled seventh‐grade students, completed the study. CFA results showed eHEALS 3‐factor loadings—information awareness, information seeking, and information engagement—were high (≥0.63) and statistically significant. We observed evidence of a good model fit (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.07, standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.03, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.99) and results are comparable with Paige and associates’ model fit (RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.08, CFI = 0.98). Correlations showed that students with more access to technology were associated with higher information seeking (r = 0.31) and higher information engagement (r = 0.23). eHealth literacy scores did not differ by level of rurality or gender.

Conclusions

The 3‐factor eHEALS is a reliable and valid instrument in assessing eHealth literacy in a group of rural seventh graders from Appalachian Kentucky.
An analysis of the current backlash of economic globalization in a model with heterogeneous agents
Authors: Della Posta Pompeo
Published: September 2020

This paper analyzes the current phase of backlash of economic globalization using a target zone approach in an environment populated by heterogeneous agents. The target zone analysis suggests that there may be a positive expectation effect (a ‘honeymoon’) when the social costs are credibly expected to remain below the benefits arising from globalization. In such a situation, the latter proceeds even beyond the level that society would be willing to accept in the absence of a such a target. When the costs are expected to exceed the benefits, instead, the opposite phenomenon (a ‘divorce’) arises. While in the case of exchange rates or interest rates, the passage from ‘honeymoon’ to ‘divorce’ might well occur with a discrete jump of the respective variable, rather than gradually, this is not the case when considering economic and social costs. Graduality is obtained thanks to the introduction of the hypothesis of heterogeneous agents. The proportion of those who think that the costs of globalization exceed the benefits increases with globalization and the ‘honeymoon’’, then, gradually turns into a ‘divorce’. Government's redistributive intervention to compensate the losers, however, could reduce the costs of globalization, thereby delaying or even preventing its crisis.
Conflict, confusion and inconsistencies: Pre‐registration nursing students’ perceptions and experiences of speaking up for patient safety
Authors: Fagan Anthea , Lea Jackie , Parker Vicki
Published: September 2020

There is growing evidence demonstrating that nursing students encounter unsafe and poor clinical practice when on clinical placement. The impact on nursing students remains relatively under‐explored, especially in the Australian context. This two‐phased qualitative study used Interpretive Description to explore 53 pre‐registration nursing students’ perceptions and experiences of speaking up for patient safety. Results of the study identified students believe speaking up is the right thing to do, and their professional responsibility. The study results add to previous research by describing the dissonance students experience due to the inconsistencies between what is taught at university and performed in practice. Student's distress arises when observing nurses taking short cuts, justifying such actions and making excuses about poor practice. Students report experiencing dissonance, bewilderment and confusion and at times, anger when observing poor practice. The clinical environment culture influences students’ decisions to speak up or remain silent. Understanding students’ perceptions and responses will promote awareness and discussion essential to the future development of curricula and clinical support strategies that will enable students to speak up.
Three‐dimensional virtual surgical planning in the oncologic treatment of the mandible
Authors: Kraeima Joep , Glas Haye H. , Merema Bram Barteld Jan , Vissink Arjan , Spijkervet Fred K. L. , Witjes Max J. H.
Published: September 2020

Objectives

In case of surgical removal of oral squamous cell carcinomas, a resection of mandibular bone is frequently part of the treatment. Nowadays, such resections frequently include the application of 3D virtual surgical planning (VSP) and guided surgery techniques. In this paper, current methods for 3D VSP leads for optimisation of the workflow, and patient‐specific application of guides and implants are reviewed.

Recent findings

Current methods for 3D VSP enable multi‐modality fusion of images. This fusion of images is not restricted to a specific software package or workflow. New strategies for 3D VSP in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery include finite element analysis, deep learning and advanced augmented reality techniques. These strategies aim to improve the treatment in terms of accuracy, predictability and safety.

Conclusions

Application of the discussed novel technologies and strategies will improve the accuracy and safety of mandibular resection and reconstruction planning. Accurate, easy‐to‐use, safe and efficient three‐dimensional VSP can be applied for every patient with malignancies needing resection of the mandible.
Pediatric liver transplantation in severe hepatopulmonary syndrome and use of inhaled nitric oxide for post‐transplant hypoxemia–a single center experience
Authors: Raghunathan Veena , Mohan Neelam , Dhaliwal Maninder , Bhangui Prashant , Vohra Vijay , Soin Arvinder Singh
Published: September 2020

Data on pediatric patients with HPS undergoing LT are limited. Our aim was to study the spectrum and outcomes of pediatric patients with HPS undergoing LDLT. The role ofiNO for post‐LDLT refractory hypoxemia was also assessed. Patients (aged < 18 years) undergoing LT were retrospectively studied. HPS was diagnosed based on European Respiratory Society Taskforce 2004 criteria. HPS was graded based on oxygenation criteria and contrast‐enhanced echocardiogram. Post‐operative course was studied. Refractory post‐operative hypoxemia was treated with iNO by institutionally developed protocol. 23/150 pediatric patients undergoing LDLT had HPS. BA was the most common underlying cause (52.2%). By oxygenation criteria, 6 (26.1%) had VS‐HPS. VS‐HPS was associated with longer LOS (p = .031) and prolonged oxygen requirement (p = .001) compared with other HPS patients. 4/6 patients with VS‐HPS had pO2 < 45 mm Hg. Among these, 2 developed ICH post‐operatively and 1 died. 3 developed refractory post‐operative hypoxemia, successfully treated with iNO. Mean duration of iNO was 26.3 days. In the group of patients with HPS, the incidence of HAT and portal vein thrombosis was 17.3% and 4.3%, respectively. One year post‐LDLT survival of patients with HPS was similar to non‐HPS patients (86.9% vs 94.4%; p = .88). We concluded that, pediatric patients with VS‐HPS, especially those with pre‐operative pO2 < 45 mm Hg, have long and difficult post‐LT course. Refractory postoperative hypoxemia can be successfully overcome with strategic use of iNO. Vigilant monitoring and good intensive care support are essential.
Towards understanding the multifaceted role of SUMOylation in plant growth and development
Authors: Srivastava Moumita , Sadanandom Ari , Srivastava Anjil Kumar
Published: September 2020

Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) play a critical role in regulating plant growth and development through the modulation of protein functionality and its interaction with its partners. Analysis of the functional implication of PTMs on plant cellular signalling presents grand challenges in understanding their significance. Proteins decorated or modified with another chemical group or polypeptide play a significant role in regulating physiological processes as compared with non‐decorated or non‐modified proteins. In the past decade, SUMOylation has been emerging as a potent PTM influencing the adaptability of plants to growth, in response to various environmental cues. Deciphering the SUMO‐mediated regulation of plant stress responses and its consequences is required to understand the mechanism underneath. Here, we will discuss the recent advances in the role and significance of SUMOylation in plant growth, development and stress response.