bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovation needs in nuclear reactor safety and risk
Authors: D’Auria Francesco , Duffey Romney B.
Published: June 2022

After three quarters of a century using nuclear fission to produce energy, Nuclear Reactor Safety and Risk constitutes an established technological sector. A key feature is continuous updating following new discoveries and progress in knowledge, resulting in extensive and elaborate safety methodologies, which are still not internationally accepted, generally applicable or technically consistent. Each country developed its own methods, guides, traditions and requirements to deal with evolving design, safety, siting and licensing issues. There is a clear parallel in societal risk perception between nuclear radiation exposure in accidents and viral infection in pandemics and the fear of the “unknown”. Unfortunately, over the last 20–30 years the declining introduction of electricity by nuclear fission in the countries that contributed most to its earliest development also has broken the bond between new scientific advancements and improvements of existing safety methodologies. By looking at the origins and fundaments of nuclear technology, we consider the following topics of both deterministic and probabilistic interest: a) Loss of Coolant analysis; b) nuclear fuel accident performance weaknesses; c) role of containment and ultimate heat sinks; d) residual risk and emergency system deployment, and e) independent and risk informed decision making assessment. As a key outcome, we propose modifying the traditional licensing methodology, and the use of active and/or passive systems by being subsumed into a broader Engineered Safety Features Management process. Furthermore, we emphasize the need of connecting the As Low As Reasonably Achievable principle with the analyses to demonstrate the safety of nuclear installations minimizing the need for excessive “paper” safety analyses and licensing efforts.
Design process for the generation of future education scenarios
Authors: Manetti Alessandro , Lara-Navarra Pablo , Sánchez-Navarro Jordi
Published: June 2022

This paper brings together studies on the future and design methodologies to develop a novel proposal for prospective analysis in the field of education. We apply mixed research methods in combination with design methodologies to open up new routes for studying the evolution, impact and behaviour of trends in future scenarios. Our research is based on an analysis of qualitative data from secondary sources and interviews with experts, which we transform into quantitative data using fuzzy logic models applied to uncontrolled Internet data environments. Our goal is to verify the validity of the DEFLEXOR method, which addresses the need to identify educational opportunities based on future scenarios defined using megatrends detected in various fields. Our conclusions highlight that combining qualitative and quantitative approaches with the methodological principles of design thinking, together with automated calculations arising from creative reflection by experts, constitutes a powerful methodology for developing specific prospective studies.

El presente trabajo relaciona los estudios sobre el futuro y la disciplina del diseño para plantear una propuesta novedosa de análisis prospectivo aplicado al campo de la educación. La exploración se sustenta en el empleo de métodos mixtos de investigación, que, combinados con metodologías propias del diseño, abren nuevas vías para estudiar la evolución, impacto y comportamiento de las tendencias en escenarios futuros. La investigación se fundamenta en el análisis de datos cualitativos, provenientes de fuentes secundarias y de entrevistas con expertos, que son transformados en datos cuantitativos mediante modelos matemáticos de lógica difusa aplicados a entornos de datos no controlados de Internet. El objetivo del estudio es verificar la validez del método DEFLEXOR, cuyo desarrollo responde a la necesidad de detectar oportunidades educativas basadas en escenarios de futuro, definidos a partir de megatendencias detectadas en varios campos, con el objeto de definir una oferta académica relevante para el diseño del futuro. Las conclusiones ponen en relieve que la unión de una perspectiva integradora de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos con los principios metodológicos del design thinking, en convivencia con el uso de cálculos automatizados a partir de la reflexión creativa de expertos, constituye un poderoso constructo metodológico para el desarrollo concreto de estudios prospectivos.
The COVID-19 infodemic among young people and adults: The support of critical media literacy
Authors: Sánchez-Reina J.-Roberto , González-Lara Ericka-Fernanda
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has flooded the public sphere with large amounts of information, engendering what some specialists have dubbed the infodemic. Among the mechanisms used to mitigate the effects of the infodemic, critical media literacy has proven a valuable approach. This study aimed to analyze the critical media skills (CMS) of young people and adults in relation to the variables of infodemic awareness (IPA), infodemic and wellbeing (ISW), emotional reaction (ERI), and media trust (MTC). A cross-sectional online study with 404 participants (Mage=32.8) was conducted in two virtual communities in Mexico during the first semester of 2021. Descriptive analysis revealed highly critical media skills in participants. Adults showed high levels of IPA, while young people presented high levels of ISW, ERI, and MTC. Observations by the age group indicated an association between CMS and ISW, and CMS and MCT, while the association between CMS and IPA was null. The COVID-19 outbreak has intensified the consumption of digital media and access to untrustworthy information. Critical media literacy may protect individuals from the risks of infodemic by enhancing critical roles and attitudes toward media discourse. This study supports the recommendation to promote media literacy initiatives that inoculate critical media skills as mechanisms to counteract the misinformation in health crises.

La pandemia por la COVID-19 ha inundado de información poco confiable la esfera pública dando lugar a lo que algunos especialistas llaman la infodemia. Entre los mecanismos utilizados para mitigar los efectos de la infodemia, la alfabetización mediática ha demostrado tener un papel valioso. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las actitudes críticas hacia los medios (ACM) de jóvenes y adultos en relación con la percepción de infodemia (PAI), su influencia en el bienestar socioemocional (BSE), las reacciones emocionales (REI) y la confianza en los medios (CMC). Realizamos un estudio transversal con 404 participantes (M=32,8) en dos comunidades virtuales de México durante el primer semestre de 2021. El análisis descriptivo mostró niveles altos de ACM entre los participantes, mayores niveles de PAI en adultos y mayores niveles de BSE y REI en jóvenes. Las observaciones por grupo de edad revelaron una asociación entre ACM y las variables BSE y CMC, mientras que la asociación entre ACM y PAI fue nula. La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha intensificado el consumo de medios e información no confiable. La alfabetización crítica mediática puede proteger a las personas de los riesgos de la infodemia al mejorar sus competencias y habilidades para informarse. Los resultados de esta investigación respaldan la recomendación de promover iniciativas de alfabetización mediática que favorezcan las actitudes críticas como mecanismos de defensa en crisis sanitarias.
Larger Than Larger: Huge Amounts of Recession-Resection Surgery for Third Nerve Palsy
Authors: Wen Yun , Shen Tao , Yan Jianhua
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

To describe the characteristics and management outcomes of strabismus surgery in patients with third cranial nerve palsy and identify factors associated with long-term outcomes.

Methods:

A 10-year retrospective study of patients with third cranial nerve palsy who underwent strabismus surgery was performed at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, China, between August 2010 and January 2021. Clinical characteristics and factors associated with long-term outcomes were evaluated. Success of surgery was defined as esotropia of 15 prism diopters (PD) or less at postoperative day 1 (POD1) or any deviation of 10 PD or less at postoperative month 2 (POM2) or later.

Results:

A total of 91 patients were included, with a mean age of 24.02 ± 15.38 years (range: 2 to 64 years). Forty-one patients (45.1%) were diagnosed as having complete palsy. Congenital palsy accounted for 40.7% (n = 37). Mean follow-up time was 2.50 ± 1.78 years (range: 8 months to 8 years). One-step surgery was performed in 78.0% of cases (n = 71), a staging procedure in 7.7% (n = 7), and reoperations in 14.3% (n = 13). Most patients had supra-maximal recession and resection of the horizontal rectus muscle with additional techniques, including horizontal rectus transposition, superior oblique transposition, traction sutures, and fixation of the globe. The mean surgical dosage performed on the horizontal rectus muscle was 18.52 ± 5.69 mm (range: 8 to 35 mm). Success rates at postoperative month 8 (POM8) were 69.0% (49 of 71) in the one-step surgery group, 57.1% (4 of 7) in the staging surgery group, and 46.2% (6 of 13) in the reoperation group. Preoperative horizontal deviation (odds ratio [OR]: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.13,
P
= .011), horizontal deviation at POD1 (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.97,
P
= .016), and horizontal deviation at POM2 (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.98,
P
= .001) were associated with the outcomes at POM8. Patients with partial palsy had a higher success rate than those with complete palsy (76.0% vs 51.2%,
P
= .014).

Conclusions:

Supra-maximal recession and resection with additional techniques yields satisfying surgical results in patients with third nerve palsy when a larger surgical dose is performed for an initial overcorrection for 15 to 25 PD at POD1. The cases with complete palsy showing a larger deviation were prone to failure.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(3):184–194.]
Breather wave, resonant multi-soliton and M-breather wave solutions for a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation
Authors: Tao Sixing
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation is considered. First, its bilinear formalism is derived by introducing dependent variable transformation. Then, its breather wave solutions are obtained by employing the extend homoclinic test method and related figures are presented to illustrate the dynamical features of these obtained solutions. Next, its resonant multi-soliton solutions are obtained by using the linear superposition principle. Meanwhile, 3D profiles and contour plots are presented to exhibit the process of wave motion. Finally, M-breather wave solutions such as one-breather, two-breather, three-breather and hybrid solutions between breathers and solitons are constructed by applying the complex conjugate method to multi-soliton solutions. Furthermore, their evolutions are shown graphically by choosing suitable parameters.
De la sociología de la música a la sociología musical. Nuevos paradigmas en los estudios sobre música y sociedad
Authors: Del Val Fernán
Published: June 2022

Este trabajo explica algunos de los avances teóricos y metodológicos que se han producido en las últimas décadas en la sociología de la música, un campo que ha dinamizado en gran medida la sociología de la cultura y de las artes. El texto analiza las principales escuelas surgidas en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, para contraponerlas con la sociología musical que aparece tras el giro cultural de la sociología, con autores como Antoine Hennion, Georgina Born o Tia DeNora. En las conclusiones, el trabajo problematiza algunos de esos hallazgos recientes, en busca de una síntesis entre las diversas perspectivas.
Analysis and Mitigation Strategies of Security Issues of Software-Defined Networks
Authors: Cherukuri Aswani Kumar Aswani , Sinha Sushant
Published: June 2022

The rapid development in telecommunication technologies in the last decade gave rise to a new set of sophisticated security threats. Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new network paradigm that isolates the network control plane from the data plane. This provides network programmability, which reduces operating costs and enables business growth. However, this new technology has several security threats, which is a major concern in its adaptation. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the security issues of SDN and mitigation strategies.
Augmentation of Terahertz Communication in 6G and Its Dependency for Future State-of-the-Art Technology
Authors: S. Sivaramakrishnan , C. R. Rathish , V. Lingasamy , S. Premalatha
Published: June 2022

The communication technology has taken a long journey starting from telegraphy to high-definition video transmission and moving toward the high-density hologram. It is noticed that the data rate has raised linearly with reduced latency as the technology has progressed from first generation to the sixth generation. 5G technology has its limitation in meeting the challenge in creating the high-density hologram and future artificial intelligence application and that's one of the reasons for the focus in the 6G technology. The terahertz frequency that will be used in 6G communication will offer a wideband channel which can support multiple gigahertz channel. Terahertz communication in 6G can support data rate of terabits per second and the latency in 5G can be reduced to one tenth compared to the 6G. This chapter focuses on architecture, necessary hardware requirement, use cases, and deployment of machine learning/artificial intelligence algorithms for certain applications of interest.
6G
Authors: Tekale Sunil , R. Rajagopal , V. Bhoopathy
Published: June 2022

It is really a very challenging task for the private sector, public sector, and the government to make use of this blockchain technology for various applications in smart cities. The task is not going to be easy for the system for providing better and the best services for the people in the country. The solution for all the policies to be implemented is to be by making use of blockchain technology. This technology will create trust on the policymakers and will also help in reducing the cost of data storing along with security for the data stored. The technology provides security by decentralization process and will allow anyone to verify the records. As we all know, trust is going to be a big question when it comes to finance and any other kind of dealing, but blockchain will help to regain and maintain the factor of trust as it is a transparent system allowing the people to verify and check what is happening behind the policy. This banking concept is considered as it plays a vital role in every person's life. 6G will change remote correspondence by utilizing AI.
Security Optimization of Resource-Constrained Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) Devices Using Lightweight Cryptography
Authors: Jayaprakash Varsha , Tyagi Amit Kumar
Published: June 2022

The term “internet of things” is becoming increasingly popular and promising, ushering in a new era of smarter connectivity across billions of gadgets. In the foreseeable future, IoT potential is boundless. The healthcare industry, often known as IoHT, is the most demanding application of IoT. Sensors, RFID, and smart tags are used to start any IoT system, but these applications lack the necessary resources such as power, memory, and speed. The key requirement is secure information transformation because it contains sensitive patient information that might be extremely dangerous if it falls into the hands of an unauthorized person. Encryption approaches that have been used in the past are ineffective. Lightweight cryptography is the most viable solution for protection of data at the physical layer.
Introduction to Cyber Security
Authors: Jadey Sudeep , S. C. Girish , K. Raghavendra , G. Prasanna Kumar , H. R. Srinidhi , K. M. Anilkumar
Published: June 2022

The rapid growth of the internet and the technological revolution in the information and communication sectors has created a gateway for users to connect online. With digital information being stored, security and privacy has been a major concern around the world to protect vital data. The modern tools and techniques used by cybercriminals perform malicious activities which aim at disrupting, distorting, and stealing sensitive data for self-financial gains. More complexities were added to the cyber world with the emergence of AI and ML algorithms in the smart phones. Cybercriminals take advantage of this barrier and build their network to commit cybercrimes across the globe. This chapter focuses on an audience that includes researchers, professionals, academicians and UG, PG students who are interested to know more about cybersecurity. This chapter aims to provide a brief overview of cybersecurity, cyber laws, cyber-attacks and security tools, objectives of cybersecurity, applications of cybersecurity, and so on. Finally, the future of cybersecurity along with some case studies are discussed.
Data-Driven Android Malware Analysis Intelligence
Authors: Pattani Ketaki Anandkumar , Gautam Sunil
Published: June 2022

Android OS powers the majority of the market share. Malware acts as stimuli to the vulnerabilities in Android devices as it affects a huge amount of user data. Users' data is at high risk when it comes to attacks through varied types of malware. Also, mutations in malware have brought up newer variants in them. Malware families have been expanding, thereby making analysis and classification diverse. Mainly classified into static, dynamic, and alternative or hybrid analysis, the field of malware analysis is facing many repercussions. The development of malware is endless and hence calls for intelligent and self-learning approaches in this regard. However, more distinct techniques are in need and can be served by integrating intelligent and analytical capabilities. This chapter involves a fourfold approach with major contributions to review existing Android malware analysis techniques, intelligent techniques for Android malware detection, determination of future challenges and need of security in this direction, and finally, analyzing possible defense mechanisms possible in this regard.
Smart and Sustainable Economy
Authors: Yu Poshan , Chen Duo , Ahuja Aashrika
Published: June 2022

Digital economy using internet, cloud computing, big data, as well as fintech in order to drive economic activities using digital information as a key factor for production has permeated all aspects of society as a result of unexpected onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, a white paper titled “The Development and Employment of China's Digital Economy in 2021” was released by The China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT), analyzing the development pattern of China's digital economy since the onset of COVID-19. This chapter summarizes the development of digital economy, the employment situation in various regions and industries in China, thereby making an in-depth analysis of the digital transformation of traditional industries along with putting forward policy suggestions for promoting further development of China's digital economy. Since the onset of COVID-19, China's digital and smart economy has ushered in creating new opportunities for growth and development as well as simultaneously combatting challenges in the macro environment.
Selection of commercial protective cultures to be added in Sardinian fermented sausage to control Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Siddi Giuliana , Piras Francesca , Spanu Vincenzo , Meloni Maria Pina , Sanna Rita , Carta Nadia , Errico Marco , Cuccu Mario , De Santis Enrico Pietro Luigi , Scarano Christian
Published: June 2022

Sardinian fermented sausage “Salsiccia Sarda” is a Mediterranean-style, semi-dry, fermented, RTE product, representing the main pork meat product in Sardinia (Italy). The high variability that characterizes the technological processes applied in different production plants results in sausages with different chemico-physical features sometimes permissive for the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. In order to guarantee the hygienic-sanitary quality of the final product and to innovate the manufacturing process, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of different commercial protective cultures to control L. monocytogenes growth in the Sardinian fermented sausage. In the first step, in vitro tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of five freeze-dried bioprotective cultures availabe on the market in limiting the growth of L. monocytogenes. The two protective cultures that showed the best in vitro results were selected for a challenge test on artificially contaminated Sardinian fermented sausages. Moreover, the protective culture that showed the best results in inhibiting the growth of L. monocytogenes according to in vitro and challenge test experiments, was included into real production settings and validated in three producing plants. As a result, it was observed that protective cultures represent an important technological innovation for the Sardinian fermented sausage processing plants as they allow to control L. monocytogenes growth without altering the composition, the microflora and the chemical-physical characteristics of the product, thus ensuring safety and quality. Protective cultures also showed to reduce Enterobacteriaceae mean levels at the end of ripening and not to affect the natural concentration of lactic acid bacteria and coagulase-negative staphylococci.
Evaluation of Effect of Hip/Shoulder-Width Ratio on the Sensory Level of Spinal Anesthesia – A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Shivashankar Archana , Rajappa Geetha Chamanahalli , Sudarshan Shruthi , Madhu M. M. , Rao Ridhi
Published: June 2022

Background:

Certain anthropometric measurements that are practically obtainable explain the variability in the spread of spinal anesthesia. These are useful for quick assessment of the spread of spinal anesthesia to avoid the risk of high block and also the inadequate level of block.

Aims:

The study aims to evaluate the effect of hip/shoulder-width ratio (HSR) on the sensory level of spinal anesthesia.

Settings and Design:

This prospective observational study was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital.

Statistical Analysis:

Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between study variables with the level of sensory block.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred patients undergoing various surgical procedures were enrolled for the study. With a patient in a sitting position, hip-width was measured between the two iliac crests, shoulder-width was measured between two acromion processes, and vertebral column length was noted by measuring the distance from C7 vertebra to sacral hiatus. 3 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was administered intrathecally at L3–L4 with 25G Quincke's needle in the lateral position. Assessment of block level was done by loss of cold sensation and loss of pinprick sensation every 5 min till 30 min. The numbers of segments blocked were noted from the S5 segment. The relationship between various factors with the level of sensory block was analyzed by the Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results:

HSR and body mass index (BMI) have a significant correlation with the sensory level of spinal anaesthesia, HSR (r = 0.297, P < 0.05) and BMI (r =0.385, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

HSR can help predict the cephalad spread of spinal anesthesia. We can expect a higher level of sensory blockade of spinal anesthesia in females who generally have an HSR more than one.
A Comparative Clinical Study of Methylprednisolone with Ondansetron versus Ramosetron in Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Middle-Ear Surgeries
Authors: Somsundar R. G. , Shivakumar G. , Santhosh M. C. B. , Krishna K.
Published: June 2022

Background:

One of the most troublesome complications after middle-ear surgeries has been postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). A notable decrease in PONV has been observed with the use of 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonists and glucocorticoids.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of intravenous methylprednisolone and ondansetron with ramosetron alone in preventing PONV in patients undergoing middle-ear surgeries.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study that comprised sixty patients in the age group of 18–60 years belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I or II and undergoing middle-ear surgery.

Materials and Methods:

With the help of computer-generated randomization table, sixty patients in the age group of 18–60 years belonging to ASA physical status classification I or II and undergoing middle-ear surgery were randomly allotted to receive a combination of methylprednisolone 40 mg (given at the beginning of surgery) and ondansetron 4 mg (given near the end of surgery) (Group MO, n = 30) or ramosetron 0.3 mg (near the end of surgery) (Group R, n = 30). In both the groups, the incidence of PONV was studied.

Statistical Analysis:

Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was utilized to analogize the categorical variables. Independent t-test was utilized to analogize the continuous variables.

Results:

In the first 2 h after the surgery, the difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of PONV was insignificant. Between 2 h and 24 h, the incidence of nausea was lowered significantly in the group MO compared to the group R (P = 0.01). Between 24 h and 48 h, the incidence of nausea was more in group R compared to the combination therapy group, which was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The combination therapy is better than ramosetron alone for the prevention of PONV after middle-ear surgery. Therefore, we advocate a combination of methylprednisolone and ondansetron for prophylaxis for PONV in middle-ear surgeries.
Image-guided video-assisted thoracoscopic localization and resection for multiple ipsilateral pulmonary nodules
Authors: Su Ying-Chieh , Chao Jui-Pin , Chen Chao-Kun , Lee Han-Hung , Hung Hsin-Ya , Yao Fong
Published: June 2022

Background:

The separated preoperative computed tomography-guided localization of multiple ipsilateral pulmonary nodules was difficult and with various complications, including pneumothorax and hemothorax. The introduction of image-guided video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (iVATS) which combined intraoperative localization and the following VATS has solved these difficulties. The study examines the feasibility of using the ARTIS pheno system to localize multiple ipsilateral pulmonary nodules and the related complications.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective analysis of iVATS using the ARTIS pheno dye-based localization for multiple ipsilateral lung nodules at a single institution from June 2018 to July 2021.

Results:

Totally 84 patients with 190 resected nodules were enrolled. 31 (37%) were men and 40 (48%) patients with a history of malignancy. The average localization procedure time was 16 min (interquartile range [IQR]: 13–19 min), and 4 (4.8%) patients developed slight pneumothorax after localization. The overall localization success rate was 99.5%, and one failed due to dye overflow on the lung surface. Among localized nodules, 89 (47%) were ground-glass opacities (GGOs), 97 (51%) were subsolid GGOs, and 4 (2%) were substantive nodules. 139 (73%) nodules were malignant, and 51 (27%) were benign. The average length of hospital stay was 5 days (IQR: 4–8 days).

Conclusion:

The utilization of the ARTIS pheno system is safe and feasible for performing dye localization of multiple ipsilateral pulmonary nodules. Thoracic surgeons can complete multiple needle punctures in a single end-inspiratory apnea period, reducing localization procedure times, and complication risks.
О поведении сумм Биркгофа, порожденных поворотами окружности
Authors: Antonevich Anatolij Borisovich , Kochergin Andrey Vasilyevich , Shukur Ali Abdulhussein
Published: June 2022

В работе рассмотрены суммы Биркгофа $f(n,x,h)$ для непрерывных функций $f$ с нулевым средним на окружности, порожденные поворотами на углы $2\pi h$, где число $h$ иррациональное. Основной результат утверждает, что единственным ограничением на скорость роста последовательности $\max_x f(n,x,h) $ при $n \to \infty$ является равномерное стремление к нулю средних Биркгофа $\frac{1}{n}f(n,x,h)$. А именно показано, что для любой последовательности $\sigma_k \to 0$ и для любого иррационального $h$ существует такая функция $f$, что последовательность $\max_x f(n,x,h) $ растет быстрее, чем $n\sigma_n$, а также что для любой функции $f$, не являющейся тригонометрическим многочленом, существуют иррациональные $h$, при которых некоторая подпоследовательность $\max_x f(n_k,x,h)$ растет быстрее, чем соответствующая подпоследовательность $n_k\sigma_{n_k}$.
Даны приложения к исследованию операторов взвешенного сдвига, порожденных иррациональными поворотами, и их резольвент; показано, что резольвента такого оператора может возрастать сколь угодно быстро при приближении к спектру.
Библиография: 46 названий.
Полуправильные решения эллиптических краевых задач с разрывными нелинейностями экспоненциального роста
Authors: Pavlenko Vyacheslav Nikolaevich , Potapov Dmitriy Konstantinovich
Published: June 2022

Изучается эллиптическая краевая задача с разрывной нелинейностью экспоненциального роста на бесконечности. Вариационным методом получена теорема существования слабого полуправильного решения исследуемой задачи. Полуправильность решения означает, что его значения почти всюду в области, в которой рассматривается краевая задача, являются точками непрерывности нелинейности по фазовой переменной. Вариационный подход в настоящей работе базируется на понятии квазипотенциального оператора, в отличие от традиционного, где используется обобщенная производная Кларка.
Библиография: 29 названий.
Evaluation of Three Clinical Prediction Tools to Predict Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Lassa Fever
Authors: Chiosi John J. , Schieffelin John S. , Shaffer Jeffrey G. , Grant Donald S.
Published: June 2022

Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic illness with a case fatality rate for hospitalized patients as high as 69%. Identifying cases before they progress to serious illness can lead to earlier treatment and improved clinical outcomes. Three existing clinical prediction tools were evaluated on their ability to predict the in-hospital mortality in Lassa fever: the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), the Modified Early Warning System (MEWS), and the Universal Vital Assessment (UVA). This was a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to the dedicated Lassa fever ward of the Kenema Government Hospital in Sierra Leone between May 2013 and December 2019. Data among three serology groups were analyzed: Lassa antigen-positive (Ag+) regardless of IgM status, Lassa Ag- and IgM+, and Lassa Ag- and IgM- cases. There were 123 cases of suspected Lassa fever included in this study. Abnormalities in respiratory rate, oxygenation status, mental status, and serum markers of kidney and liver dysfunction were more likely seen in the Ag+ group, which had an in-hospital mortality of 85.7%. For the Lassa Ag+ group, the sensitivity and positive predictive value of qSOFA ≥ 2 was 70.6% and 92.3%, MEWS ≥ 5 was 96.9% and 86.1%, and UVA ≥ 5 was 60.0% and 100.0%. The MEWS and UVA scores show potential for use in Lassa fever, but there is opportunity for future development of a tool that includes the clinical and laboratory markers specific to Lassa fever.
Evaluation of Clinical Course of Gamma (P.1) Variant of Concern versus Lineages in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in a Reference Center in Brazil
Authors: Zavascki Alexandre P. , Vieceli Tarsila , Wink Priscila Lamb , Volpato Fabiana Caroline Zempulski , Monteiro Francielle Liz , Willig Julia Biz , Ferreira Charles Francisco , Arns Beatriz , Magalhães Costa Guilherme Oliveira , de Souza Niches Matheus , Martins Andreza Francisco , Barth Afonso Luís
Published: June 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC) gamma (P.1) has increased transmissibility and resulted in elevated hospitalization and mortality rates in Brazil. We investigated the clinical course of COVID-19 caused by gamma and non-VOCs at a reference hospital in Brazil in a retrospective cohort study with nonelderly hospitalized patients from two periods, before and after the emergence of gamma. Cohort 1 included patients from both periods whose samples would be eligible for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Cohort 2 was composed of randomly selected patients from Cohort 1 whose samples were submitted to WGS. A total of 433 patients composed Cohort 1: 259 from the first and 174 from the second period. Baseline characteristics were similar, except for a higher incidence of severe distress respiratory syndrome at admission in patients from the second period. Patients from the second period had significantly higher incidence rates of advanced respiratory support (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60–2.59), invasive ventilatory support (aHR: 2.72; 95% CI: 2.05–3.62), and 28-day mortality from the onset of symptoms (aHR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.46–4.72). A total of 86 (43 gamma and 43 non-gamma) patients composed Cohort 2. Patients with confirmed gamma VOC infections had higher advanced ventilatory support and mortality rates than non–gamma-infected patients. Our study suggests that non-elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the second period (used as a proxy of gamma infection) had a more severe clinical course. This might have contributed to higher hospitalization and death rates observed in the second wave in Brazil.
Suicide notes and motives for suicide in psychological reports compiled for the judiciary
Authors: Jaśkiewicz-Obydzińska Teresa , Wach Ewa
Published: June 2022

To establish the motives for the act is one of the main goals of the psychological evaluation required by judicial process in cases of suicide. In many cases, this makes it possible to prove or falsify the hypothesis that a person’s death is the result of the actions of one or more other people who –in one way or another –have contributed to that person’s decision to take their own life. Sometimes, people who die by suicide leave farewell notes indicating the person or people directly responsible for their deaths. Although notes of this kind offer an important source of information about the emotional states of their authors and their relationships with their social environments, they remain subjective. Indeed, it is often the case that thorough reviews of all of the material in the cases concerned do not support the thesis that a third party directly influenced the deceased’s decision to end their own life. Moreover, in some instances, people who die by suicide have been found to have misled the people in their immediate environment. Nevertheless, where verified suicide notes exist, they remain a valuable source of information for psychologists. The article analyses ninety-three cases in which psychological reports were compiled to determine the motives for fatal suicide attempts. Suicide notes were found in thirty of these cases. The form and content of these notes are examined, and the options for their use in forensic reports are considered.
A comparison of prospective calculations with experimental alcohol curves
Authors: Jama Dominika , Sekuła Karolina , Zuba Dariusz
Published: June 2022

In cases requiring determination of the ethanol content of a person involved in a road incident, expert opinions are often based on prospective calculations. Declarations regarding the amount and type of alcoholic drink consumed are used to calculate the concentration of alcohol in the body and to correlate the results obtained with those of sobriety tests. alcohol concentration estimated using a prospective calculation should correspond most accurately with the ethanol content in the body. It is therefore desirable to identify the appropriate model of prospective estimation, which is accomplished here by comparing the most common methods of alcohol calculation used by forensic experts. The study involved five people aged 29–64 (two women and three men) who were given alcohol in an amount leading to a theoretical ethanol concentration of 1‰in their bodies. In this paper, we plotted the alcohol curves and compared the experimental (real) ethanol concentration with the theoretical values calculated by the various methods. The best correlation between the results of prospective calculations and real ethanol concentrations was obtained for the method that assumes an immediate elimination from the beginning of consumption (used routinely by the authors) and for the method that assumes an absorption time of 30 minutes and a 10% alcohol deficit (the difference between the theoretical and actual ethanol concentration).
Wirus Zenek. Próba analizy memetycznego fenomenu twórczości Zenona Martyniuka
Authors: Krajewska Agata
Published: June 2022

Zenek virus. An attempt to analyse the memetic phenomenon of Zenon Martyniuk's work

Zenon Martyniuk – founder and main singer of a disco polo band Akcent has been triumphant in the Polish music scene for many years, and his infectious songs are steadily taking down barriers and becoming more widespread in various Polish institutions of culture. This article attempts to analyse the memetic phenomenon of Zenek, which originates in its easily accessible melody and simple lyrical layer with clear references to folklore. Are we experiencing the emergence of a new 'musical meme', which makes listening to disco polo no longer embarassing and trashy?
Sompolno w latach 1815-1870. Administracja, finanse i majątek miejski
Authors: Dziki Tomasz
Published: June 2022

W latach 1815-1866 Sompolno administracyjnie przynależało do obwodu i powiatu kujawskiego (od 1842 r.), a od 1847 r. (po zmianie nazwy) do powiatu włocławskiego w województwie mazowieckim, następnie od 1837 r. guberni mazowieckiej, a od 1845 r. guberni warszawskiej. Po reformie administracyjnej z 1866 r. z początkiem 1867 r. Sompolno znalazło się w powiecie kolskim w guberni kaliskiej. W 1870 r. na podstawie prawa z 1869 r. utraciło prawa miejskie i zostało przekształcone w osadę i przyłączone do gminy wiejskiej Lubstów. Administracja miejska w Królestwie Polskim była częścią administracji państwowej. Każdy burmistrz był nominowany, a nie wybierany przez społeczeństwo. Kasa miejska Sompolna nie posiadała, w odróżnieniu od wielu innych miast, własnych dochodowych nieruchomości rolnych. W tym względzie majątek miasta przedstawiał się skromnie. Imponujące jest to, że mieszkańcom udało się szybko zorganizować i wybudować do 1823 r. nowy murowany budynek ratusza. Koszty utrzymania administracji miejskiej i realizacji inwestycji miejskich pokrywano z licznych podatków i opłat. Ogólnie w omawianym okresie Sompolno było średniej wielkości miastem, ale z dość dużym udziałem zabudowy murowanej.

Sompolno in the Years 1815-1870. Administration, Finances and Municipal Property

In the years 1816-1866, Sompolno town belonged to the Kuyavian region and the Kuyavian district (from 1842), then from 1847 (after the change of name) to the Wloclawek County in the Mazovia Province, then from 1837 to the Masovian Governorate and from 1845 to the Warsaw Governorate. After the territorial reform of 1866, at the beginning of 1867, it was incorporated into the Koło County in the Kalisz Governorate. In 1870, pursuant to the law of 1869, it lost its municipal rights and was transformed into a settlement and incorporated into a rural district of Gmina Lubstów. The municipal administration in the Kingdom of Poland was subordinated to state authority. Each of the mayors was nominated, and not elected by the community. Unlike many other towns, the town treasury of Sompolno, did not have its own profitable agricultural properties. In this respect, the town’s assets presented a modest picture. It is impressive that the residents managed to quickly organize themselves and build a new brick town hall building by 1823. The costs of maintaining the municipal administration and implementing municipal investments were covered from numerous taxes and fees. Generally, in the period discussed, Sompolno was a medium-sized town, but with a considerable share of brick buildings.
Pomnik-ołtarz polskich zakładników w lesie rzuchowskim
Authors: Babik Magdalena
Published: June 2022

Pierwsze z powojennych upamiętnień wzniesionych na terenie lasu rzuchowskiego dedykowano polskim zakładnikom rozstrzelanym przez hitlerowców jesienią 1939 roku. Na przestrzeni ponad siedemdziesięciu lat pomnik poddano licznym aktualizacjom i formalnym przeobrażeniom, od usypania kopca ziemnego, obmurowania mogiły, ustawienia kolejno trzech płyt nagrobnych po koncepcję z ołtarzem. Niezwykle intersująco przedstawia się historia krzyża, obecnego pierwotnie na mogile. Krzyż z początku skromny znak pamięci, następnie nieatrakcyjny wizualnie, a nawet nielegalny, zostaje usunięty. Na fali solidarnościowej odnowy powrócił na mogiłę. Artykuł na podstawie niepublikowanych wcześniej materiałów źródłowych w ujęciu chronologicznym przedstawia proces kształtowania się pamięci o ofiarach z powiatu kolskiego, polskich zakładnikach, w kontekście miejsca zagłady w lesie rzuchowskim.

A Memorial-Alter of Polish Hostages in the Rzuchów Forest

The first of the post-war commemorations erected in the Rzuchów forest was dedicated to Polish hostages shot by the Nazis in the fall of 1939. For over seventy years, the monument has undergone numerous updates and formal transformations, from building an earthen mound, building a grave, placing three tombstones one by one, to a concept with an altar. The history of the cross, originally present on the grave, is very interesting. The cross at first a modest sign of memory, then visually unattractive and even illegal, is removed. Following the wave of solidarity renewal, he returned to the grave. Based on previously unpublished source materials, the article presents the process of shaping the memory of the victims from the Koło poviat, Polish hostages, in the context of the extermination site in the Rzuchów forest.
Edukacja żydowskich dziewcząt w sztetlach Wielkopolski Wschodniej u progu II Rzeczypospolitej na przykładzie doświadczeń Heni Ajmanówny utrwalonych w dzienniku z lat 1920-1926
Authors: Jeglińska Elwira
Published: June 2022

Niniejszy tekst prezentuje sylwetkę Heni Ajmanówny, Żydówki ze Ślesina (miasteczka położonego w Wielkopolsce Wschodniej) w świetle pozostawionego przez nią dziennika pisanego w latach dwudziestych XX wieku. H. Ajmanówna wiele miejsca w swoich zapiskach poświęciła problemowi zdobywania edukacji żydowskich dziewcząt pochodzących z małych miasteczek. Jej dziennik to świadectwo nieugiętego dążenia do uzyskania wykształcenia, które ze względu na brak możliwości odbycia edukacji formalnej jest rozumiane przede wszystkim jako zdobycie wiedzy i poszerzenie intelektualnych horyzontów dokonujące się na drodze samokształcenia. H. Ajmanówna swoją narracją wpisuje się w głosy żydowskiego pokolenia wchodzącego w dorosłość w latach dwudziestych i trzydziestych XX wieku. Z rówieśnikami łączy ją sprzeciw wobec tradycyjnych wartości pielęgnowanych w rodzinie urodzenia, poparcie dla syjonizmu, potrzeba zmiany miejsca kobiet żydowskich w społeczeństwie i konieczność uzyskiwania wykształcenia, które stać się może kluczem do stworzenia nowej rzeczywistości społecznej.

Education of Jewish Girls in the Shtetls of Eastern Greater Poland on the Example of Henia Ajmanowna’s Experiences Recorded in a diary from 1920 to 1926

Presented paper discusses the profile of Heni Ajmanówna, a Jewish woman from Ślesin (a town located in Eastern Wielkopolska) in the light of her diary written in the twenties of the twentieth century. H. Ajmanówna devoted a lot of space in her notes to the problem of obtaining education for Jewish girls from small towns. Her diary is a testimony to the unyielding pursuit of education, which, due to the lack of opportunities for formal education, is understood primarily as the acquisition of knowledge and broadening of intellectual horizons carried out through self-education. H. Ajmanówna’s narration fits into the voices of the Jewish generation entering adulthood in the twenties and thirties of the twentieth century. She shares with her peers opposition to the traditional values cultivated in the birth family, support for Zionism, the need to change the place of Jewish women in society and the need to obtain an education that may become the key toc reating a new social reality.
Advancing Cooperative Learning Pedagogy in Science Classrooms: Challenges and Possible Solutions
Authors: Bada Abiodun A. , Jita Loyiso C.
Published: June 2022

Cooperative learning pedagogy is beneficial among student hence, its adoption for teaching and learning at all levels of education. The concept of cooperative learning pedagogy appears to immerse students and teachers into classroom activities thereby making them active participants during the teaching and learning process. However, cooperative learning face some challenges that hinders its effective execution in the classroom. These challenges also prevent students and teachers from enjoying the full gains of using cooperative learning pedagogy. This conceptual paper probe into the possible ways of alleviating the challenges faced by cooperative learning pedagogy. We locate the argument within brain-based theoretical framework to discuss the means of executing cooperative learning in the classrooms. Based on this argument, the study propose possible solutions that include fostering peaceful coexistence among students and teachers, encouraging a call to duty among students, maintaining classroom synergy and learning how to learn among students. The investigation conclude that cooperation should be encouraged among students through the maintenance of a threat free classroom environment. The study recommends that science curriculum developers and planners should encourage peaceful coexistence among students and teachers irrespective of their different backgrounds so as to maximize the achievement of classroom goals and objectives enshrined in positive interaction among students and teachers.
Pluriharmonic conformal bi-slant Riemannian maps
Authors: YANAN Şener
Published: June 2022

In this study, notion of pluriharmonic map applied onto conformal bi-slant Riemannian maps from a Kaehler manifold to a Riemannian manifold to examine its geometric properties. Such that, relations between pluriharmonic map, horizontally homothetic map and totally geodesic map were obtained.
Improving the Nutritional and Functional Properties of Pearl Millet Pasta: A Review
Authors: JALGAONKAR Kirti , MAHAWAR Manoj , PATİL Sharmila , DHAKANE LAD Jyoti
Published: June 2022

Pasta, generally prepared from durum wheat is extensively consumed worldwide. Apart from being healthy and convenient food, the other outstanding characteristics of pasta include, low glycemic index, low cost, ease of preparation, extended stability during storage with relatively easier preparation. For functional pasta, care must be given to ensure that the added ingredient should enhance the nutritional profile, have minimal impact on pasta quality, palatability and consumer preferences. This review paper presents an overview of the various processing aspects of pearl millet. This comprises recent information about the improvement in the storage period of pearl millet flour (PMF), development of pearl millet pasta and addition of functional ingredients to enhance its nutritional quality. It is observed that the keeping quality of PMF can be enhanced by adopting germination, roasting, fermentation, microwave treatment, hydrothermal treatment, and refrigeration. Development of complete pearl millet pasta is not possible; functional pearl millet-based pasta can be designed using composite flour, the addition of pulses, legumes, fruit and vegetable powder to increase the demand for pearl millet.