bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КОЛОКВІУМ ЯК ФОРМА ВИВЧЕННЯ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ
Authors: ЖИЛА Світлана
Published: April 2024

У статті схарактеризовано колоквіум як форму вивчення літератури в закладах вищої освіти, розкрито особливості діяльності суб’єктів навчальної форми, визначено основні функції колоквіуму, запропоновано класифікації літературних колоквіумів.
Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на концептуальних положеннях дидактики вищої школи, методах та формах організації навчання у закладах вищої освіти, на розробленій системі розвитку креативності майбутніх учителів літератури в контексті їхньої професійно-методичної підготовки.
Доведено, що колоквіуми – це активна форма вивчення літератури в закладах вищої освіти. Колоквіум є поліфункціональним, він виконує такі основні функції: контролювальну, пізнавальну, самореалізаційну, самостверджувальну, комунікативну, інтеграційну, гедоністичну, емпатійну, плюральну, творчу, емоційну, фасилітативну, сингулярну, інтерактивну, виховну. Залежно від ролі колоквіуму в літературному освітньому просторі закладу вищої освіти і завдань, що ставляться перед ними, вони класифікуються на різні види.
Доведено, що добре підготовлені і майстерно проведені колоквіуми є акумуляторами наукового й духовного розвитку майбутніх учителів літератури. Оптимальний відбір і поєднання методів на колоквіумах сприяє осягненню студентами літературного матеріалу, набуттю умінь і навичок інтерпретації художніх і критичних текстів. Застосування діалогічних методів сприяє формуванню в здобувача освіти таких якостей, як здатність обґрунтовувати свої думки й творчо розв’язувати проблемні завдання; здатність до співпраці процесів вирішення мистецьких завдань; толерантність у ставленні до опонентів; уміння аналізувати свої судження, зіставляти їх з поглядами співрозмовника. Під час проведення цієї навчальної форми кожен студент перебуває як особистість у своїй самобутності й неповторності.
ФОРМУВАННЯ УЯВЛЕННЯ ПРО БУРЛЕСК У МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ-СЛОВЕСНИКІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ В ЗВО
Authors: ЛІЛІК Ольга
Published: April 2024

У статті визначено особливості формування уявлення про бурлеск у майбутніх учителів української мови і літератури у процесі опанування ними навчальної дисципліни «Історія української літератури XVI-XVIII століть». Констатовано, що для ефективного засвоєння студентами досліджуваного поняття необхідно спиратися на знання, здобуті ними в межах шкільного курсу української літератури. З цією метою в статті проаналізовано змістове наповнення й методичний апарат шкільних підручників з української літератури для 9 класу. Це дало автору підстави сформулювати висновок, що у випускників закладів загальної середньої освіти має бути сформоване досить чітке уявлення про бурлеск, яке може стати основою для подальшого навчання, а також поглиблення знань, переведення їх на якісно новий рівень, а також розширення уявлень про бурлескну традицію в українській літературі.
У процесі науково-дослідницької роботи автор спирається на ідею неперервності української бурлескної традиції від доби бароко через творчість І. Котляревського до футуризму й сучасної української літератури.
Відповідно, автор рекомендує теоретико-літературні поняття загалом і термін «бурлеск» зокрема розглядати комплексно, у контексті різних літературознавчих навчальних дисциплін. У процесі відбору навчального матеріалу й методичного інструментарію для лекційних і практичних занять із навчальної дисципліни «Історія української літератури XVI-XVIII століття» автор статті рекомендує розглядати в контексті тем, пов’язаних із низовим бароко, зокрема творчості мандрівних дяків і шкільної драматургії. Автор статті рекомендує звертатись до сучасних літературознавчих праць, науково-популярної літератури, в якій описано особливості життя й діяльності мандрівних дяків, а також застосовувати завдання проблемного й дослідницького характеру, використовувати інтерактивні й інформаційнокомунікативні технології, онлайн-застосунки.
НАУКОВО-ОСВІТНІЙ ВИМІР ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОЇ ОСВІТИ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОЇ ВИЩОЇ ШКОЛИ
Authors: МИСЛИВЕЦЬ Юрій , ІМЕРІДЗЕ Максим , ПУТНІКОВ Віктор
Published: April 2024

Активне втілення ідей демократії та громадянської освіти міжнародними інституціями прискорює запровадження громадянської освіти в вітчизняних закладах вищої освіти, що фахово готують професіоналів різних спеціальностей.
Мета статті – дефінітивний аналіз деяких аспектів громадянської освіти у вищій школі.
Громадянську освіту майбутніх фахівців різних спеціальностей з вищою освітою можна визначити як певне особистісне новоутворення, формування якого відбувається в процесі реалізації навчальних і виховних систем професійної підготовки в закладах вищої освіти. 
Висновки. 1. Громадянська освіта має всебічний характер. 2. Способи впровадження громадянської освіти в закладах вищої освіти різні за реалізацію цілей. 3. Складові громадянської освіти у закладах вищої освіти: громадянська компетентність; громадянська зрілість; громадянськість; глобальне громадянство; орієнтація на соціальну справедливість. 4. Громадянська освіта у вітчизняній вищій школі виступає у вигляді соціокультурних, ціннісно-ментальних, професійних, морально-етичних і інших знань, навичок та вмінь, що мотивують індивідуальну і групову активність особистості. 5. Тенденції впровадження громадянської освіти у закладах вищої освіти: «навчання через дію» і застосування набутих знань та навичок в житті, безпосередньо в університеті чи громаді, громадянська освіта включає в себе освіту з глобального громадянства (Global Сitizenship Education) та освіту з прав людини (Human Rights Education) як одну з обов’язкових складових, спрямовану на прищеплення здобувачам вищої освіти цінностей, поглядів та поведінки, які підтримують відповідальне глобальне громадянство: творчість, інновації та відданість миру, правам людини та сталому розвитку. 6. Формування в здобувачів вищої освіти різних спеціальностей ключових компетентностей з громадянської освіти.
ПРОФЕСІЙНА ОСВІТА В КРАЇНАХ ЗАХІДНОЇ ЄВРОПИ
Authors: ЄФРЕМОВА Олена , БИВАЛЬКЕВИЧ Леонід
Published: April 2024

У статті проаналізованоно професійну освіту в країнах Західної Європи. Визначено, що структура вищої професійної освіти країн Західної Європи є дуже різнорідною. Охарактеризовано: процес залучення соціальних партнерів у професійну освіту; створення нових типів закладів професійної освіти; запровадження нових кваліфікацій, професійних і освітніх стандартів, програм професійної освіти, розроблення правового підґрунтя дуального професійного навчання здобувачів середньої та вищої професійної освіти та, як окремої категорії й дорослого населення. Обґрунтовано, що напрямами удосконалення професійної підготовки кваліфікованих фахівців в країнах Західної Європи варто виокремити: подальшу уніфікацію та посилення рівня конвергенції систем професійної освіти і навчання; підвищення рівня попиту на кваліфіковану робочу силу з високим рівнем технологічної та цифрової компетентності; зростання попиту та соціального замовлення на безперервну професійну освіту.
Мета статті – проаналізувати складові та напрями професійної освіти в країнах Західної Європи.
Висновки. 1. Теоретичне підґрунтя розвитку професійної освіти і навчання в країнах Західної Європи формується завдяки спільним транснаціональним дослідницьким та практико-орієнтованим проєктам у галузі формування європейського простору у сфері професійної освіти. 2. Досвід функціонування систем професійної освіти і навчання в країнах Західної Європи є цінним для реформування вітчизняної системи професійної освіти в частині: управління професійної освіти із залученням соціальних партнерів; створення нових типів закладів професійної освіти; запровадження нових кваліфікацій, професійних і освітніх стандартів, програм професійної освіти, розроблення правового підґрунтя дуального професійного навчання здобувачів середньої та вищої професійної освіти та, як окремої категорії й дорослого населення. 3. Структура вищої професійної освіти країн Західної Європи є дуже різнорідною. В її рамках пропонується широкий спектр курсів. 4. Період навчання дорослих на робочому місці є обов’язковим у більшості програм професійних шкіл. Дорослі можуть отримувати такі ж самі кваліфікації у формальній освіті і навчанні, як і молодь: програми підготовки дорослих, побудовані на основі попереднього досвіду (загальна освіта, професійне навчання), допомагають їм підвищити кваліфікацію або отримати додаткову.
Utilization of Environmental Sanitation Policy Guidelines on the Use of Sanitation Facilities in Public Primary Schools
Authors: Njoroge Beth Wanjiku , Muthuri Grace Gakii , Ibuathu Charles Njati
Published: April 2024

There is a need for a healthy and conducive learning environment, safe drinking water, and child-friendly sanitation facilities in the school where children spend a lot of time. The objectives of the study were to establish the use of existing types of sanitation facilities and find out the status of the existing types of sanitation facilities within primary schools concerning Kenya School Health Policy and the Safety Standards Manual for schools. To achieve its objective, the study adopted a descriptive survey design. A sample of 169 schools was selected from the 773 primary schools in Meru County using simple random sampling. Data was collected using a structured direct observation schedule.  Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics including mean and cross-tabulations were used. The study purposively sampled 167 primary school heads with boys and girls populations of 132,180 and 131,712 respectively. Pearson’s Chi-Square test was used to determine relationships between the variables. The study revealed that 75% of the schools visited kept hygiene and had pit latrines with hand washing stations. Through observation, it was evident that 93% of the schools visited had clean environments that were free from litter. The study concluded that ratios for the sample population fell within the WHO guidelines which recommend a ratio of 25:1 for girls and 50:1 for boys’ toilets. It was concluded that in 46.1 % of the sampled primary schools, pupils living with disabilities experienced challenges in accessing sanitation facilities. The study recommended schools come up with clear budget provisions on sanitation that includes employing a staff specifically for cleaning toilets
review of participatory epidemiology application in human health and nutrition and future directions
Authors: Mwiti Marangu Victor , Robert Mburugu Kei  , Dr. Dorothy Kagendo Kithinji (PhD.)
Published: April 2024

Participatory Epidemiology (PE) developed as a branch of veterinary epidemiology and has been widely used in infectious disease control and early warning in resource-limited settings. In the beginning, Participatory Epidemiology was focused on linking the researcher’s communication skills with participatory methods to enable the participation of livestock owners and herders in the identification and assessment of livestock diseases as well as in the development, monitoring, and evaluation of the disease control strategies. In this respect, the use of participatory techniques gradually developed into Participatory Epidemiology with increased recognition by epidemiologists who have developed several tools which are being adapted in human health and nutrition. Relative to veterinary uses and human nutrition, Participatory Epidemiology has not been used in public health in Kenya or for studies on important human diseases, such as Kala-azar. However, in the recent past there have been growing interests from epidemiologists to extend the testing and piloting of the Participatory Epidemiology approach in the arid and semi-arid settings of Kenya geared at empowering communities to identify and solve their health needs. Additionally, there is ongoing debate about the ability of epidemiology to give results that can be better applied in public health practice besides its ability to identify disease risk factors. Scientific research has recommended that participatory research be applied in epidemiology to bridge this descriptive gap and action. This review describes the implementation experiences and lessons learnt in the use of Participatory Epidemiology in understanding human diseases, both communicable and non-communicable as well as human nutrition, a key factor in health and wellness. The reviewed articles provide an understanding into the application of PE approaches which have been limited in pastoralist areas, where zoonotic diseases are prone. The article establishes that as opposed to more conventional methods, using Participatory Epidemiology can generate precise and scientifically credible information within a relatively short period. Data generated from Participatory Epidemiology can be sustainably used to effectively find solutions to the common community health problems based on local preferences for control options.
influence of resource planning practices in faecal sludge management system in Embu County
Authors: Mugendi Cyrus , Kagendo Dorothy , Kubai Patrick
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to assess the influence resource planning influences the implementation of a faecal sludge management system in Embu County between March and December 2022, adopting a descriptive research design. The population included 655 individuals, with a sample size determined using Taro Yamane's formula for landlords and a census method for top managers, technical officers, contractors, and individuals involved in exhausting. Research instruments comprised scheduled questionnaires and interviews, with ethical considerations obtained from relevant authorities. Data analysis utilized SPSS Version 26 for both qualitative and quantitative data, employing thematic analysis for qualitative data and descriptive and inferential analyses for quantitative data. Findings revealed a notable gender imbalance and age-related impacts on perceptions in fecal sludge management. Resource planning effectiveness indicated strengths in objective setting, communication, and risk management, significantly influencing system implementation. Recommendations include strengthening the strategic framework, enhancing vision and mission statements, refining financial planning, addressing role comprehension gaps, aligning resource planning with project timelines, and implementing regular monitoring and evaluation for ongoing improvements. Overall, the study emphasizes the pivotal role of resource planning in the success of fecal sludge management projects and highlights areas for improvement to enhance effectiveness.
Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) in Merti Sub-County, Isiolo County: A Case of Socio-Cultural Challenges
Authors: Mwiti Marangu Victor , Robert Mburugu Kei Prof. Robert Mburugu Kei , Dorothy Kagendo Kithinji Dr. Dorothy Kagendo
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) also known as Kala-azar is a fatal neglected tropical disease (NTD) with a 95% fatality rate among untreated cases. Although there is little information available about the disease's prevalence in Isiolo County, it is extremely endemic in a number of villages in Merti Sub-County.
Case Presentation: In this case presentation, a family of three children resulted to traditional therapy when the children contracted Kala-azar. All the three children exhibited signs of fever, loss of appetite, swollen abdomen, vomiting, and general weakness.
Discussion: Low levels of Visceral Leishmaniasis knowledge, ignorance characterized by cultural beliefs, and the use of local therapies are among socio-cultural challenges impeding implementation of effective Kala-azar control strategies in Isiolo County.
Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of focused community awareness for prompt and efficient diagnosis and treatment to lower Kala-azar prevalence, monitoring the burden and spread of the disease as well as lowering transmission.
Hemşirelik Eğitiminde Oyun Tabanlı Öğrenme
Authors: Dayan Ayşenur , İnce Serpil , Yıldırım Nezaket
Published: April 2024

Hızla değişen ve gelişen dünyada teknolojik gelişmeler, küresel sorunlar, toplumsal ihtiyaçlar sağlık hizmetlerini sürekli yenileme ve gelişmeye itmektedir. Sağlık hizmetlerinin temel yapıtaşını oluşturan hemşirelerin de çağın ihtiyaçlarına uygun ve etkili bakım vermeleri gerekmektedir. Bu doğrultuda hemşirelerin almış oldukları eğitimin kalitesi ve etkinliği önem taşımaktadır. Hemşirelik eğitiminde özellikle son yıllarda oyun tabanlı eğitim yöntemlerinin kullanımı dikkat çekmektedir. Pedagojik yöntemlerden biri olan oyun tabanlı öğrenme, öğrencilerin derslere yönelik ilgilerini arttırmada, bilginin kalıcılığını sağlamada ve motivasyon oluşturmada önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu derleme ile oyun tabanlı öğrenme kapsamında kullanılan yöntemlerin, hemşirelik öğrencileri üzerindeki olumlu etkileri açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Oyun tabanlı öğrenmenin hemşirelik eğitiminde bir yenilik ve kalıcılık sağladığı vurgulanmaktadır.
Fiqih Learning Method According To Hasan Ja'far Kholifah And Kamaluddin Muhammad Hasyim
Authors: 'Azizah Alviatul , Basuki Basuki
Published: April 2024

Fiqh is a science that explains Islamic laws. To be able to convey this knowledge, there is a need for a fiqh learning method so that it can be well received by students. This research aims to describe the method of learning fiqh according to the thoughts of Hasan Ja'far Kholifah and Kamaluddin Muhammad Hasyim in their book entitled "Fushulun Fii Tadriisi at-Tarbiyati al-Islamiyati". To achieve this goal, researchers used a library method using two data sources, namely primary data sources in the form of a book entitled "Fushulun Fii Tadriisi at-Tarbiyati al-Islamiyati", and secondary data sources, namely books and related journals. The results of this research explain that 5 methods are suitable for learning fiqh, including teaching methods, demonstrations, question and answer, reading, and drill. Using appropriate learning methods, students will easily accept the material presented, so that they can achieve the educational goals that have been determined.
 
Keywords: Methods, Learning, Fiqh
A EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL COMO MODALIDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR E O PAPEL DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS INCLUSIVAS NA SOCIEDADE PÓS MODERNA
Authors: Santos Diellem
Published: April 2024

Neste trabalho é apresentada uma análise sobre a Educação Especial e as Políticas públicas inclusivas. Este relata que segundo a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), havia em 2011 cerca de 650 milhões de pessoas com deficiência no mundo. Esse número representa aproximadamente 10% da população mundial. Em 2010, a Secretaria dos Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência, do Governo do Estado de São Paulo realizou o último senso de pessoas com deficiência, e, este mostrou que no Brasil são cerca de 40 milhões de pessoas classificadas com alguma deficiência, seja ela leve, moderada ou grave. Neste contexto, a Lei n. 9.394/96, que preconiza sobre as Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDB) em seu artigo 58, nos aponta a educação especial como modalidade de Educação Escolar, oferecida preferencialmente na rede regular de ensino, para educandos com deficiência, transtornos globais do desenvolvimento e altas habilidades ou superdotação. (Redação dada pela Lei no 12.796, de 2013). Sendo assim, nos últimos anos, mudanças importantes estão ocorrendo na conceituação da Educação Especial, as quais estão gerando novos enfoques educativos em muitas partes do mundo: falar de necessidades educacionais especiais implica em enfatizar aquilo que a escola pode fazer para compensar as dificuldades do (a) aluno (a). Por sua vez, o modelo educativo atual requer de políticas educativas, que respondam as demandas requeridas por todos seus beneficiarios.
TRANSTORNOS DE APRENDIZAGEM NA LEITURA E ESCRITA NOS ANOS INICIAIS.
Authors: Medeiros Francisca
Published: April 2024

A Aprendizagem, é uma condição humana suscetível a todos os indivíduos, que ocorre precisamente no sistema nervoso central onde está diretamente ligada as outras aptidões, como emoção, memória, condição biológica, entre outros. O estudo aborda questão referente as dificuldades de aprendizagem, especificamente proveniente da linguagem falada e escrita, direcionadas aos estudantes dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Teve como método a pesquisa bibliográfica, cujo objetivo foi entender através dos teóricos, de como se processa os agentes causadores das dificuldades, que levam os aprendizes, a ver as atividades do professor como verdadeiros problemas. E traz também, a visão dos estudiosos referente ao professor e seu conhecimento, em identificar possíveis transtornos na aprendizagem de seu educando, e a participação da família neste processo, em relação as dificuldades apresentadas pelos alunos na sala de aula. O conhecimento é resultado de um processo de construção, modificação e reorganização, social e mutuo entre professor, aluno e família. Este trabalho é referente à análise dos distúrbios da Dislexia e Disgrafia, que comprometem de forma negativa, o processo ensino-aprendizagem dos estudantes nas series iniciais, e se os mesmos, não forem identificados no início da jornada estudantil do indivíduo, o mesmo corre o risco de ter sua aprendizagem comprometida, ocasionando assim, percas significantes na busca do conhecimento. Dislexia é um distúrbio causado por uma alteração cromossômica hereditária e que acomete de 0,5% a 17% da população mundial. A dislexia compromete a habilidade de aprender a ler, e escrever com correção e fluência e compreensão textual. Disgrafia é a dificuldades de aprendizagem na escrita devido a um problema perceptivo motor. Diante do exposto, esta pesquisa visa propor, a melhoria do trabalho dos educadores, enfatizando a importância da identificação dos transtornos Dislexia e Disgrafia que interferem na aprendizagem dos alunos, e assim o docente possa fazer uma abordagem significativa com uso de técnicas métodos referentes ao problema apresentado por seu aprendiz. O referido trabalho, foi realizado a partir de uma metodologia qualitativa e descritiva. De tal modo, busca propor uma ruptura com a discriminação, por meio da consciência dos educadores; incentivando-os à identificação para uma melhor relação social dos dislexos e disgráficos, e a utilização de técnicas e metodologias específicas, a serem trabalhadas no âmbito escolar, e assim as crianças com estes transtornos, possam melhorar o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem e o rendimento escolar.
DIFICULDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Medeiros Francisca
Published: April 2024

Aprendizagem é uma condição humana passível a todos os indivíduos. Ela acontece no sistema nervoso central e está absolutamente ligada as outras aptidões, como emoção, memória, condição biológica, entre outros. O artigo em questão refere-se as dificuldades de aprendizagem, na linguagem falada e escrita e no raciocínio logico no aprendizado da matemática, dos estudantes, nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Teve como método a pesquisa bibliográfica, e a finalidade de entender através dos teóricos, os motivos que levam os aprendizes, a ver o desenvolver das atividades do professor como verdadeiros enigmas. E também ter a visão dos estudiosos, referente ao professor e a sua pratica pedagógica, em relação as dificuldades e motivos, apresentados pelos alunos na sala de aula, que ocasionam assim, diversos problemas no processo ensino aprendizagem. Neste sentido o conhecimento não é algo situado fora do indivíduo, é uma construção histórica e social, na qual interferem fatores de ordem pedagógica, cultural psicológica, etc. O conhecimento é resultado de um processo de construção, modificação e reorganização, em um método mutuo entre professor e aluno.
Choi Soon-i’s succession of Jinju sword dance and designation of national intangible heritage
Authors:   Korean Society of Gyobang and Culture, Yang Ji Seon
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the background and changes in the designation of the national intangible heritage of the sword dance passed down through Choi Soon-i in the selecting period. The sword dance is the oldest traditional dance in Korea, and the only sword dance designated as a national intangible heritage is ‘Jinju sword dance’. Choi Soon-yi’s existence in the study of the Jinju sword dance is hardly highlighted. Although the sword dance was handed down in the Jinju area, Choi Soon-yi played a decisive role in the designation of the national intangible heritage of ‘Jinju sword dance’.
Choi Soon-yi was selected as a shipbuilder for the royal retreat in the early 1900s, danced, and returned to Jinju to teach sword dance until 1969.
According to the Intangible Cultural Property Investigation Report, the sword dance demonstrated by Choi Soon-yi retained the original form of the court sword dance. Through Choi Soon-yi, the sword dance of the court and the sword dance of the Jinju Gyobang were influenced by each other.
Starting with Choi Soon-yi, the sword dance of the late Joseon Dynasty and the sword dance designated as an intangible heritage differ in form and content. The sword dance, which was performed by four people until the late Joseon Dynasty and the 1930s, was also fixed with the number of eight in the process of designating intangible cultural properties. The shape of the Jinju sword dance knife was a form in which the neck and blade were rotated without being fixed when it was designated as an intangible cultural property. Around 1901, it was improved to a form in which the sword was turned nationwide. In other words, all the swords of sword dance used by Choi Soon-yi in the Jinju Gyobang and court were straight blades, and a temporarily improved knife was used for Japanese colonial era.
In the late Joseon Dynasty, Jinju’s sword dance did not wear Hansam. However, after 1930, Hansamsawi was added and designated as an intangible cultural property. At that time, the popular event among Kwon Bun’s dances was Geommu. Choi Soon-yi combined and developed the elements of court dance and the part passed down from Gyobang to form a perfect dance.
Off-Label Preemption
Authors: Simon David A.
Published: April 2024

A significant body of scholarship examines when federal law regulating drugs and devices preempts state law claims against manufacturers for defective products based on uses approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—what are called on-label uses. Yet scholars have paid little attention to how preemption applies to claims against manufacturers that promote uses FDA has not approved—what are called off-label uses. The omission is significant. Off-label use is widespread (comprising a significant portion of all uses) and risky (frequently unsupported by scientific evidence). In private lawsuits against manufacturers that promote off-label uses, preemption is often the linchpin issue. Courts analyzing whether federal law preempts state law claims based on off-label promotion have reached wildly inconsistent results. Despite the issue’s importance, few scholars have systematically evaluated the off-label preemption landscape or provided a coherent rationale for how courts should apply preemption doctrine to state law claims based on off-label promotion. This Article does both by developing an approval theory of off-label preemption that anchors doctrinal analysis to FDA’s central function: ex ante risk evaluation of approved uses of drugs and devices. Emphasizing FDA ex ante review of use-based risks delivers three significant payoffs. First, it provides an organizing principle that explains the Supreme Court’s seemingly fractured preemption jurisprudence. Second, the theory unifies conflicting approaches to preemption of state law claims based on off-label promotion. Finally, it offers a normative reason for why preemption should not apply to most state law claims based on off-label promotion of any drug or device.
The Submerged Administrative State
Authors: SCHEFFLER GABRIEL , WALTERS DANIEL E.
Published: April 2024

The United States government is experiencing a reputation crisis: after decades of declining public trust, many Americans have lost confidence in the government’s capacity to perform its basic functions. While various explanations have been offered for this worrying trend, these existing accounts overlook a key factor: people are unfamiliar with the institutions that actually do most of the governing—administrative agencies—and they devalue what they cannot easily observe. The “submerged” nature of the administrative state is, we argue, a central reason for declining trust in government. This Article shows that the administrative state is systematically submerged in two ways. First, administrative agencies are constrained in their communications with the public: it is difficult for them to publicize their own accomplishments and successes due to a range of legal, political, and resource constraints. Second, agency actions are frequently opaque: it is difficult for the American public to perceive, comprehend, or trace policy outputs back to government action. Together, these factors have the effect of making Americans less aware of the work that the administrative state does, thereby undermining the public’s trust in government. The Article then argues that it is time to unsubmerge the administrative state. Doing so has the potential to rebuild trust in government by bringing administrators and their expertise to light, revealing the extent of benefits provided by agencies, and bolstering public participation in agency processes. This approach comes with potential perils, including the dangers of propaganda, skewed agency priorities, and backlash, yet these dangers are outweighed by the necessity of bringing the administrative state to light.
IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT IN DINAJPUR MUNICIPAL AREA
Authors:   Department of Agricultural and Industrial Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science    and Technology University, Dinajpur, Islam Motaharul , Nasrin Mst. Taslema ,   Department of Agricultural and Industrial Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science    and Technology University, Dinajpur, Islam Md. Mofizul ,   Department of Agricultural and Industrial Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science  and Technology University, Dinajpur
Published: April 2024

Waste creates a detrimental impact on the sustainable environment. The solid waste management practice is in jeopardy in Bangladesh. In this regard, judicial management practices of solid waste are significantly important for the protection of a sustainable environment. The present study is focused on the impact of solid waste management practices on sustainable livelihood in the Dinajpur municipal area. In Dinajpur, 12 tons of solid waste was generated every day. Most of the waste was generated from households (80%) and the rest of the waste was generated from commercial activities and hospitals (5%), restaurant and institution activities (10%), and industries (5%). The maximum number of respondents (42%) threw their waste in open areas such as fields in their neighborhoods. It was found, 65.25% of community people suffered from Diarrhea, 18.47% suffered from Typhoid, 8.44% suffered from Malaria and 3.28% suffered from Jaundice due to the improper management of municipal solid waste. The majority of the respondent (70%) suffered from dirtiness, bad smell, and mosquito problems due to improper waste management. In the Dinajpur municipal, suitable solid waste management can be practiced which can lead to a healthy environment.
THE IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NORTHERN REGION OF BANGLADESH
Authors:   Department of Marketing, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, Islam Tarannum , Habib Sadia Nur ,   Department of Management, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, Roy Partho ,   Department of Marketing, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Published: April 2024

Banks must deliver high standards of service quality in order to achieve high levels of customer satisfaction; as now-a-days service quality is considered the cornerstone of customer satisfaction. This study has used SERVQUAL to determine service quality of commercial banks operating in the northern region of Bangladesh and the impact of these dimensions on customer satisfaction is then assessed. Primary data has been collected with a structured questionnaire of five-point Likert scale from 200 customers of commercial banks and analysed using SPSS software. Our empirical findings show a strong correlation between customer satisfaction and independent variables, the five dimensions of service quality. This study would give managers a comprehensive understanding of how to create service marketing plans and policies based on consumer perceptions, enabling banks to achieve long-term objectives. Also, the findings of the study could assist commercial banks in developing strategy for providing services that will satisfy customers.
Análise das alegações nutricionais e alegações positivas não previstas em legislação em produtos industrializados voltados ao público infantil comercializados em Uberlândia (MG)
Authors: Nogueira Sara Ferreira , Nomelini Quintiliano Siqueira Schroden , Santos Helen  Mara dos , Pascoal Grazieli Benedetti
Published: April 2024

O aumento do consumo de alimentos industrializados, especialmente entre as crianças, é uma preocupação crescente devido aos possíveis impactos na saúde pública. O presente estudo objetivou analisar as alegações nutricionais e as alegações positivas não previstas em legislação em produtos industrializados voltados ao público infantil (n=165), comercializados em Uberlândia (MG). Os resultados revelaram alta frequência de alegações nutricionais (n=50; 30,3%) e positivas não previstas em legislação (n=61; 37,0%), principalmente no grupo de alimentos rico em açúcares e gorduras. A presença dessas alegações, muitas vezes enganosas, pode influenciar escolhas alimentares, levando a padrões alimentares pouco saudáveis. Destaca-se a necessidade de regulamentação mais rigorosa e conscientização dos consumidores sobre as estratégias de marketing na indústria alimentícia, visando promover escolhas alimentares mais saudáveis para as crianças. O presente estudo contribuiu para o entendimento dos desafios associados à qualidade nutricional e à transparência das informações nos alimentos destinados às crianças, enfatizando a importância de medidas preventivas para promover uma alimentação adequada desde a infância.
Theatre art: Conceptual and categorical problems
Authors: Melnyk Myroslava
Published: April 2024

Theatre art is a fundamental component of modern culture and requires a detailed analysis of the problems of a set of interrelated concepts, which will reflect the key substantive and functional aspects concerning theatre art. The research relevance is determined by the description of the problems of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of theatrical art for the first time is subjected to a complex structural and semantic analysis, which is necessary to determine the study of ways of forming new terms, which will make it possible to present the system of modern theatrical terminology in a holistic form. The study aims to analyse and describe the contemporary problems of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of theatrical art. General scientific methods of art history were used: method of analysis, comparative analysis, synthesis, analogy, and classification. The article investigates the whole stage space as one of the components in the context of the conceptual categorical apparatus of modern art history. Contemporary theatre art is undergoing an active evolution, with artists striving for innovation, using interactive elements, multimedia technology and art installations to create a deep and rich experience for the audience. An important aspect is to involve the viewer in the experience, where the traditional boundaries between actors and audience are blurred and the viewer becomes an active participant. Theatres also emphasise diversity, aiming to reflect different cultures and identities on stage. However, there are problems with the conceptual and categorical apparatus, requiring the development of new terms to accurately describe contemporary phenomena in theatre. Sarcasm and irony prevail, artists seek new directions, and all this happens in the context of the diversity of theatre traditions, creating challenges in the exchange of experiences between cultures. The materials discussed in this article can be applied by both theorists and practitioners of contemporary art history in their writings and as material for teaching in the educational process when training specialists in the field of contemporary art
Oncologia e Hematologia - Edição V
Authors: Barroso Langoni de Freitas Guilherme , Prokofiev Eduardo
Published: April 2024

Com o envelhecimento da população, alterações de hábitos saudáveis e aumento do diagnóstico se espera que tenhamos um aumento no caso de diagnóstico de câncer. Este fato pode permitir diagnósticos precoces, melhorando o desfecho do paciente, ao
Tension in the Hubble constant
Authors: McGaugh Stacy
Published: April 2024

There has been some hand-wringing of late about the tension between the value of the expansion rate of the universe – the famous Hubble constant, H  0  , measured directly from observed redshifts and distances, and that obtained by multi-parameter fits to the cosmic microwave background.
Plate of Shrimp
Authors: McGaugh Stacy
Published: April 2024

I should perhaps explain a little about the title of the last post. It is perfectly obvious to me. But probably not to anyone else. Our brains work in subtly different ways. One thing that mine does, whether I like it or not, is memorize lines and make obscure links between them.
Dark Matter halo fits – today’s cut
Authors: McGaugh Stacy
Published: April 2024

I said I would occasionally talk about scientific papers. Today’s post is about the new paper  Testing Feedback-Modified Dark Matter Haloes with Galaxy Rotation Curves: Estimation of Halo Parameters and Consistency with ΛCDM  by Harley Katz et al. I’ve spent a fair portion of my career fitting dark matter halos to rotation curves, and trying to make sense of the results.
Not only Open, but also Diverse and Inclusive: Towards Decentralised and Federated Research Information Sources
Authors: Babini Dominique , Garcia Arianna Becerril , Costas Rodrigo , Matas Lautaro , Rafols Ismael , Rovelli Laura
Published: April 2024

The Barcelona Declaration: a call for openness… but also for diversity and inclusion

The launch of the Barcelona Declaration last week aims to mobilise the global research community towards making research information open and accessible.
Natural Law
Authors: McGaugh Stacy
Published: April 2024

or why Vera Rubin and Albert Bosma deserve a Nobel Prize  Natural Law: a concise statement describing some aspect of Nature.  In the sciences, we teach about Natural Law all the time. We take them for granted. But we rarely stop and think what we mean by the term. Usually Natural Laws are items of textbook knowledge.
Find OpenCitations on Infra Finder, a new tool to discover and support Open Infrastructures
Authors: Di Giambattista Chiara
Published: April 2024

If you are a leader of a Library or a Research Institution and would like to learn more about the existing open infrastructures that could help your institution to evolve in the research environment, but you don’t know where to look for, you can now use Infra Finder, a brand-new tool aimed at foster discovery, adoption, and investment for open infrastructure services.
And then there were six
Authors: McGaugh Stacy
Published: April 2024

 With four parameters I can fit an elephant, and with five I can make him wiggle his trunk.  – John von Neumann The simple and elegant cosmology encapsulated by the search for two numbers has been replaced by ΛCDM. This is neither simple nor elegant. In addition to the Hubble constant and density parameter, we now also require distinct density parameters for baryonic mass, non-baryonic cold dark matter, and dark energy.
What is theory?
Authors: McGaugh Stacy
Published: April 2024

OK, I’m not even going to try to answer that one. But I am going to do some comparison exploration. A complaint often leveled against MOND is that it is not a theory. Or not a complete theory. Or somehow not a proper one. Sometimes people confuse MOND with the empirical observations that display MONDian phenomenology. I would say that MOND is a hypothesis, as is dark matter.
xkcd’d
Authors: McGaugh Stacy
Published: April 2024

So the always humorous, unabashedly nerdy xkcd recently published this comic: This hits close to home for me, in many ways. First, this is an every day experience for me. Hardly a day goes by that I don’t get an email, or worse, a phone call, from some wanna-be who has the next theory of everything. I try to be polite. I even read some of what I get sent.
The work of bishop Sava Dečanac in the economic development of Kraljevo and its surroundings at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Paunović Aleksandar
Published: April 2024

Throughout the 19th century, while the Serbian state was being rebuilt and developed, with the aim of discarding the backward principles ingrained by centuries of slavery, Sava Dečanac, the bishop of the Žička diocese, a learned and experienced man, comprehended the significance of this task. He endeavored to contribute to this struggle, issuing two orders and acts from his position to support the strengthening of Serbian peasants and farmers. He actively participated in the formation of agricultural cooperatives and even played a role in establishing a beekeeping cooperative, which significantly contributed to the economic development and modernization of his jurisdiction and beyond. He delivered speeches in which he emphasized the importance of hard work and the necessity for modernizing agricultural equipment. Historical sources indicate that he was successful in his efforts, as agricultural cooperatives saw an increase in their membership, and a beekeeping cooperative was successfully founded.
Supply Water Quality Assessment in the Sirajganj Municipality, Sirajganj,
Bangladesh
Authors:   Department of Environmental and
            Social Monitoring, EQMS Consulting Limited, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh., Das Alok Kumar , Sarker Biddut Chandra ,   Department of Environmental
            Science, BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology, Dhaka-1230,
            Bangladesh.
Published: April 2024

In many developing countries, such as Bangladesh, water quality and the risk of
water-related diseases are serious public health concerns. The present study's goal was
to ascertain the water supply quality and to characterize and analyze its suitability
for drinking purposes in the municipal area of Sirajganj Town, Bangladesh. Fifteen water
samples were randomly collected from different municipal wards and analyzed for various
physicochemical properties, including hydrogen ion concentration (pH), electrical
conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), acidity, total
alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), arsenic (As), and iron (Fe) concentrations. The
results were compared with the Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR) and World Health
Organization (WHO) recommended standards. All the physicochemical parameters were found
to be within the prescribed permissible limits. The pH values, which ranged from 6.61 to
7.73, were neutral to slightly alkaline. The TH value varied from 204 to 284 mg/L,
indicating that the supply water type was hard. Hence, it was suggested that the local
water treatment plant should soften the water supply before consumption. In the case of
DO and Fe, the DO values varied from 2.0 to 3.9 mg/L, which were far below the levels
prescribed by the ECR recommended standards. Fe concentration in some areas exceeded the
WHO recommended standards, probably due to the corrosion of old metal pipelines and
improper treatment of groundwater before distribution in the supply network. The
existing water supply in Sirajganj Municipality was at a satisfactory level, but
weaknesses in the current water supply management system were identified, and there was
a continuous lack of service provisions. Suggested measures include consistently
monitoring water distribution networks, promptly repairing and maintaining overhead and
service tanks, establishing database management systems, regulating private investment,
adopting advanced technology, ensuring provisions for staff training, and implementing a
rights-based approach in water supply production.
Telif Hakkının Yapay Zekȃ Ürünleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Aktürk Emrah
Published: April 2024

Teknoloji ve yapay zekâ alanındaki gelişmeler, geçmişe nazaran çok daha hızlı ilerlemektedir. Bu kapsamda yapay zekânın etkilediği alanlar artmakta, yeni durumların ortaya çıkardığı belirsizlikler çoğalmaktadır. Hukuk da bu alanlardan birisi olmakla birlikte yapay zekânın hukuki statüsünün, yasal ve etik açıdan sonuçlarının kurallara bağlanması ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu durum yasama organlarının; yapay zekâ, yapay zekâ ürünleri ve yapay zekâ ürün sahiplerinin hak ve yetkileri ile sorumluluklarının belirlenmesi noktasında çalışma yapmalarını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Genel olarak hukukun teknolojik gelişmelerin gerisinden geldiği, mevcut düzenlemelerin teknolojik gelişmeler karşısında mevcut ihtiyacı karşılayamadığı ve hukuki boşluklar oluştuğu görülmektedir. Bu makalemizde bu boşluklardan birisi olan yapay zekâ ürünlerinin eser niteliğine haiz olup olmadıkları ve telif hakkı kapsamındaki durumları incelenmiş, güncel tartışmalara yeni bir yorum getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Comparative assessment of Bing Translator and Youdao Machine Translation Systems in English-to-Chinese literary text translation
Authors: He Linli , Ghassemiazghandi Mozhgan , Subramaniam Ilangko
Published: April 2024

This study explores the performance of machine translation of literary texts from English to Chinese. The study compares two machine translation systems, Bing Translator and Youdao Machine Translation, using selected texts from the novel "Nineteen eighty-four" by George Orwell. The data collection includes the original source texts, their machine-generated translations by Bing Translator and Youdao Machine Translation, and comparisons with human reference translations to assess the performance of these systems. The research's focal point is to evaluate the accuracy, fluency, and appropriateness of translations generated by these two machine translation systems, while also analyzing the post-editing effort required to enhance the quality of the final machine-translated product. The study revealed that despite the presence of flaws in both machine translation systems, Youdao Machine Translation demonstrated superior performance, especially in accurately translating technical terms and idiomatic expressions, making it the more effective option overall. Nevertheless, the translations from Youdao Machine Translation required more substantial post-editing efforts to improve fluency and readability. Conversely, Bing Translator yielded more fluent and natural-sounding translations, albeit with a need for improved accuracy in translating technical terms and idiomatic expressions. The study concludes that while machine translation systems are capable of generating reasonable translations for literary texts, human post-editing remains essential to ensure the final output's accuracy, fluency, and appropriateness. The study underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate machine translation system based on the nature of the text being translated. It also highlights the critical role of post-editing in refining the quality of machine-translated outputs, suggesting that while machine translation can provide a solid foundation, human intervention is indispensable for achieving optimal accuracy, fluency, and overall readability in literary translations.