bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Moped-Following Models by Characterizing the Riding Style of Moped Riders
Authors: Yang Yilin , Ni Ying , Li Yixin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sun Jian
Published: April 2024

In recent years, mopeds have emerged as attractive two-wheeled vehicles because of their high mobility. However, the flexibility and randomness associated with mopeds make the development of two-wheeled microscopic simulation models more difficult. Human factors (HFs), for example, the riding style, are the major source of behavior heterogeneity, and also a reason for flexibility. As such, this paper proposed two riding style recognition methods: clustering analysis; and the topic model. Clustering analysis identified the riding styles according to the aggregated behavioral parameters of each rider, whereas the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model, a classic topic model, was based on time step level. The LDA model can recognize riding styles according to riding behaviors at each time step in the whole moped-following period, considering different following conditions. The riding styles categorized by the two methods were incorporated into a mainstream moped-following model. The model error results demonstrated the necessity of taking HFs into account. The error of the moped-following model considering the riding styles obtained by the LDA model was lower than that obtained through clustering analysis by 6.58%. Thus, it was demonstrated that the LDA model can provide a more precise understanding of the riding styles because these were more reasonably identified. In addition, the most critical behavioral characteristic parameter that distinguishes the riding styles was found, that is, speed. This study provides deep insights to assist a more precise understanding of riding styles and supports the development of a moped-following model that reproduces the behavioral characteristics of moped riders better.
Polytherapy versus monotherapy in the treatment of tibial non-unions: a retrospective study
Authors: Lu Fangzhou , Groven Rald V. M. , van Griensven Martijn , Poeze Martijn , Geurts Jan A. P. , Qiu Shan Shan , Blokhuis Taco J.
Published: April 2024

Background

Treating tibial non-unions efficiently presents a challenge for orthopaedic trauma surgeons. The established gold standard involves implanting autologous bone graft with adequate fixation, but the addition of biologicals according to the so-called diamond concept has become increasingly popular in the treatment of non-unions. Previous studies have indicated that polytherapy, which involves implanting mesenchymal stem cells, bioactive factors and osteoconductive scaffolds, can improve bone healing. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of polytherapy compared with monotherapy in treating tibial non-unions of varying severity.

Materials and methods

Data from consecutive tibial non-unions treated between November 2014 and July 2023 were retrospectively analysed. The Non Union Scoring System (NUSS) score before non-union surgery, and the Radiographic Union Score for Tibial fractures (RUST), scored at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months post-surgery, were recorded. Initially, a comparison was made between the polytherapy and monotherapy groups. Subsequently, patients receiving additional surgical non-union treatment were documented, and the frequency of these treatments was tallied for a subsequent per-treatment analysis.

Results

A total of 34 patients were included and divided into a polytherapy group (n = 15) and a monotherapy group (n = 19). The polytherapy group demonstrated a higher NUSS score (44 (39, 52) versus 32 (29, 43), P = 0.019, z = −2.347) and a tendency towards a higher success rate (93% versus 68%, P = 0.104) compared with the monotherapy group. For the per-treatment analysis, 44 treatments were divided into the polytherapy per-treatment group (n = 20) and the monotherapy per-treatment group (n = 24). The polytherapy per-treatment group exhibited a higher NUSS score (48 (43, 60) versus 38 (30, 50), P = 0.030, z = −2.173) and a higher success rate (95% versus 58%, P = 0.006) than the monotherapy per-treatment group. Within the monotherapy per-treatment group, the NUSS score displayed excellent predictive performance (AUC = 0.9143). Setting the threshold value at 48, the sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 70.0%, respectively.

Conclusions

Polytherapy is more effective than monotherapy for severe tibial non-unions, offering a higher success ratio. The NUSS score supports decision-making in treating tibial non-unions.

Level of evidence

Level III.
Neurobehavioral outcomes of neonatal asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection at 12-months
Authors: Stoyell Sally M. , Elison Jed T. , Graupmann Emily , Miller Neely C. , Emerick Jessica , Ramey Elizabeth , Sandness Kristen , Schleiss Mark R. , Osterholm Erin A.
Published: April 2024

Background

Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common congenital viral infection in the United States. Symptomatic infections can cause severe hearing loss and neurological disability, although ~ 90% of cCMV infections are asymptomatic at birth. Despite its prevalence, the long-term neurobehavioral risks of asymptomatic cCMV infections are not fully understood. The objective of this work was to evaluate for potential long-term neurobehavioral sequelae in infants with asymptomatic cCMV.

Methods

Infants with cCMV were identified from a universal newborn cCMV screening study in a metropolitan area in the midwestern United States. Asymptomatic infants with cCMV were enrolled in a longitudinal neurodevelopmental study (N = 29). Age- and sex-matched healthy control infants (N = 193) were identified from the Baby Connectome Project (BCP), a longitudinal study of brain and behavioral development. The BCP sample supplemented an additional group of healthy control infants (N = 30), recruited from the same participant registry as the BCP specifically for comparison with infants with asymptomatic cCMV. Neurobehavioral assessments and parent questionnaires, including the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, the Repetitive Behavior Scales for Early Childhood (RBS-EC), and the Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) were administered at 12 months of age. Neurobehavioral scores were compared between infants with asymptomatic cCMV and all identified healthy control infants.

Results

Infants with asymptomatic cCMV performed equivalently compared to healthy control infants on the neurobehavioral measures tested at 12 months of age.

Conclusions

These results indicate that at 12 months of age, infants with asymptomatic cCMV are not statistically different from controls in a number of neurobehavioral domains. Although follow-up is ongoing, these observations provide reassurance about neurobehavioral outcomes for infants with asymptomatic cCMV and inform the ongoing discussion around universal screening. Additional follow-up will be necessary to understand the longer-term outcomes of these children.
Log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS)-based novel nomogram for survival estimation in patients with invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Meng Xiangdi , Hao Furong , Wang Nan , Qin Peiyan , Ju Zhuojun , Sun Daqing
Published: April 2024

Background

Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast is known for its high propensity for lymph node (LN) invasion. Inadequate LN dissection may compromise the precision of prognostic assessments. This study introduces a log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) method to address this issue and develops a novel LODDS-based nomogram to provide accurate prognostic information.

Methods

The study analyzed data from 1,901 patients with breast IMPC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. It assessed the relationships between LODDS and the number of excised LN (eLN), positive LN (pLN), and the pLN ratio (pLNR), identifying an optimal threshold value using a restricted cubic spline method. Predictive factors were identified by the Cox least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Cox-LASSO) regression and validated through multivariate Cox regression to construct a nomogram. The model's accuracy, discrimination, and utility were assessed. The study also explored the consequences of excluding LODDS from the nomogram and compared its effectiveness with the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system.

Results

LODDS improved N status classification by identifying heterogeneity in patients with pLN ratios of 0% (pLN =0) or 100% (pLN =eLN) and setting -1.08 as the ideal cutoff. Five independent prognostic factors for breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were identified: tumor size, N status, LODDS, progesterone receptor status, and histological grade. The LODDS-based nomogram achieved a strong concordance index of 0.802 (95% CI: 0.741-0.863), surpassing both the version without LODDS and the conventional TNM staging in all tests.

Conclusions

For breast IMPC, LODDS served as an independent prognostic factor, its effectiveness unaffected by the anatomical LN count, enhancing the accuracy of N staging. The LODDS-based nomogram showed promise in offering more personalized prognostic information.
Midwives’ experiences of professional learning when practicing collegial midwifery assistance during the active second stage of labour: data from the oneplus trial
Authors: Tern Helena , Edqvist Malin , Rubertsson Christine , Ekelin Maria
Published: April 2024

Background

Learning is a lifelong process and the workplace is an essential arena for professional learning. Workplace learning is particularly relevant for midwives as essential knowledge and skills are gained through clinical work. A clinical practice known as ‘Collegial Midwifery Assistance’ (CMA), which involves two midwives being present during the active second stage of labour, was found to reduce severe perineal trauma by 30% in the Oneplus trial. Research regarding learning associated with CMA, however, is lacking. The aim was to investigate learning experiences of primary and second midwives with varying levels of work experience when practicing CMA, and to further explore possible factors that influence their learning.

Methods

The study uses an observational design to analyse data from the Oneplus trial. Descriptive statistics and proportions were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Stratified univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed.

Results

A total of 1430 births performed with CMA were included in the study. Less experienced primary midwives reported professional learning to a higher degree (< 2 years, 76%) than the more experienced (> 20 years, 22%). A similar but less pronounced pattern was seen for the second midwives. Duration of the intervention ≥ 15 min improved learning across groups, especially for the least experienced primary midwives. The colleague’s level of experience was found to be of importance for primary midwives with less than five years’ work experience, whereas for second midwives it was also important in their mid to late career. Reciprocal feedback had more impact on learning for the primary midwife than the second midwife.

Conclusions

The study provides evidence that CMA has the potential to contribute with professional learning both for primary and second midwives, for all levels of work experience. We found that factors such as the colleague’s work experience, the duration of CMA and reciprocal feedback influenced learning, but the importance of these factors were different for the primary and second midwife and varied depending on the level of work experience. The findings may have implications for future implementation of CMA and can be used to guide the practice.
The effect of deviations in sintering temperature on the translucency and color of multi-layered zirconia
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Luyao , Yang Minghui , Chen Jianfeng , Xing Wenzhong
Published: April 2024

Object

This study aimed to investigate the changes in the translucency and color of four different multi-layered zirconia materials when the sintering temperature were inaccurate.

Materials and methods

Two hundred zirconia samples (11 × 11 × 1.0 mm) of four multi-layered zirconia, Upcera TT-GT (UG), Upcera TT-ML (UM), Cercon xt ML (CX), and Lava Esthetic (LE), were divided into five subgroups according to the sintering temperature: L1 (5% lower temperature), L2 (2.5% lower temperature), R (recommended sintering temperature), H2 (2.5% higher temperature), H1 (5% higher temperature). After sintering, color coordinates were measured. Then the translucency parameter (TP) values, and the color differences (between the inaccurate sintering temperature and the recommended temperature) of each zirconia specimen were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by using three-way ANOVA tests, the one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post hoc test.

Results

Three-way ANOVA results showed that material type, sintering temperature, specimen section, and their interactions significantly influenced the TP values (except for the interactions of specimen section and sintering temperature) (P < .05). TP values of zirconia specimens were significantly different in the inaccurate sintering temperatures (P < .05), except for the cervical and body sections of UG group (P > .05). Compared with recommended sintering temperature, higher sintering temperature caused higher TP values for CX, but lower for LE. Three-way ANOVA results showed that material type, sintering temperature, and their interactions significantly influenced the ∆E00 values (P < .05). There were no significant differences in ∆E00 values of UM and CX groups at different inaccurate sintering temperatures, and were clinical imperception (except for UM-L1) (∆E00 < 1.25). ∆E00 values of all zirconia specimens showed clinically acceptable (∆E00 < 2.23).

Conclusion

The deviations in sintering temperature significantly influenced the translucency and color of tested multi-layered zirconia. The trends of translucency in the multi-layered zirconia depended on material type and the color changes of all zirconia materials were clinically acceptable at inaccurate sintering temperatures.
Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: comparison with surgical excision
Authors: Li Hang , Zhang Guoliang , Wang Hongling , Chen Haiying , Liu Xiaoli , Zheng Chuansheng , Lin Lisheng , Li Lihong
Published: April 2024

Background

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) results in notable clinical symptoms and breast deformity. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility of microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of IGM through comparison with surgical excision.

Methods

From June 2016 to December 2020, a total of 234 consecutive patients admitted to the hospital were retrospectively included in this study. IGM was pathologically confirmed via breast biopsy in all included patients. These patients were divided into the MWA group (n = 91) and surgical group (n = 143) based on the type of treatment. Patients in both groups received oral prednisone prior to intervention. The clinical remission rate, recurrence rate, operative pain, complications, and BREAST Q score were compared between the two groups.

Results

There were 340 lesions in the MWA group, and 201 lesions in the surgical group were ultimately included. Significant differences in the complete remission rate (96.7% vs. 86.7%, p = 0.020), recurrence rate (3.3% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.020), operation time (48.7±14.6 min vs. 68.1±36.4 min, p < 0.001), postoperative pain (p < 0.001) and postoperative BREAST Q score (p < 0.001) were observed between the MWA and surgical groups.

Conclusions

Microwave ablation is feasible for the treatment of IGM, due to its high curative rate and low recurrence rate. Because of the minimal invasiveness of MWA and sufficient preservation of the gland and contour of the breast, patients are more satisfied with the appearance of the breast. Therefore, for patients with complex conditions requiring surgery, MWA is a good alternative treatment.
Modern software and physical education: can online training enhance gym training?
Authors: Ge Linna , Li Menglu , Ning ChangFeng
Published: April 2024

Background

This study discusses the effectiveness of a 12-week intervention aimed at improving squat jump and sprint performance among second-year sports students.

Methods

The students were randomly divided into experimental (n = 89) and control (n = 92) groups. In addition to gym training, students of the experimental group also underwent online PE training. The students’ performance in Squat Jumps, 30 m sprint, and Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER), as well as their situational motivation, were assessed before and after the intervention. Furthermore, the students assessed their physical activity weekly using self-reports.

Results

The implementation of online training has positively impacted intrinsic and identified motivation, as well as external regulation; however, it was less effective in reducing amotivation compared to traditional gym-based training.

Conclusions

The findings of the study contribute to the data synthesis on the expediency of using modern software in physical education.
A care coordination program to support patients with hepatitis B virus at Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States
Authors: Jonas M. Cabell , Sheu Yi-Shin , Wright Kara , Peyton Lauren , Bishop R. Clayton , Basra Sundeep , Sarwar Fariha , Winn Grace , Chesbrough Karen
Published: April 2024

Background

Eliminating hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a significant worldwide challenge requiring innovative approaches for vaccination, screening, disease management, and the prevention of related conditions. Programs that support patients in accessing needed clinical services can help optimize access to preventive services and treatment resources for hepatitis B.

Methods

Here, we outline a coordinator-supported program (HBV Pathway) that connects patients infected with HBV to laboratory testing, imaging, and specialty care for treatment initiation and/or liver cancer surveillance (screening of high-risk patients for liver cancer). This study describes the HBV Pathway steps and reports sociodemographic factors of patients by initiation and completion.

Results

Results showed a 72.5% completion rate (defined as completing all Pathway steps including the final specialty visit) among patients who initiated the Pathway. Differences in completion were observed by age, race, ethnicity, and service area, with higher rates for younger ages, Asian race, non-Hispanic ethnicity, and lower rates for patients within one service area. Of those who completed the specialty visit, 59.5% were referred for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance.

Conclusions

The HBV Pathway offers dual benefits– care coordination support for patients to promote Pathway completion and a standardized testing and referral program to reduce physician burden. This program provides an easy and reliable process for patients and physicians to obtain updated clinical information and initiate treatment and/or liver cancer screening if needed.
The impact of COVID-19 on healthcare booking and cancellation patterns: time series analysis of private healthcare service utilisation in Finland
Authors: Niemenoja Oskar , Ämmälä Antti-Jussi , Riihijärvi Sari , Lillrank Paul , Bono Petri , Taimela Simo
Published: April 2024

Background

COVID-19 has had wide-reaching effects on healthcare services beyond the direct treatment of the pandemic. Most current studies have reported changes in realised service usage, but the dynamics of how patients engage with healthcare services are less well understood. We analysed the effects of COVID-19 on healthcare bookings and cancellations for various service channels between January 2020 and July 2021.

Methods

Our data includes 7.3 million bookings, 11.0 million available appointments, and 405.1 thousand cancellations by 900.6 thousand individual patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years. The data were collected from electronic health record data, including laboratory and imaging services as well as inpatient stays, between January 2017 and July 2021. The patients were Finnish private and occupational healthcare customers in the capital region of Finland. We fitted an autoregressive moving average (ARIMA) model on data between 2017 and 2019 to predict the expected numbers of bookings, available appointments, and cancellations, which were compared to observed time series data between 2020 and 2021.

Results

Utilisation of physical, in-person primary care physician appointments decreased by up to 50% during the first 18 months of the pandemic. At the same time, digital care channels experienced a rapid, multi-fold increase in service usage. Simultaneously, the number of bookings for laboratory and imaging services decreased by 50% below the pre-pandemic projections. The number of specialist and hospital service bookings remained at the predicted level during the study period. Cancellations for most health services increased sharply by up to three times the pre-COVID levels during the first weeks of the pandemic but returned to the pre-pandemic levels for the rest of the study period.

Conclusions

The reduction in in-person appointments and the increase in the utilisation of digital services was likely a contributing factor in the decrease of the utilisation of diagnostic and imaging services throughout the study period. Utilisation of specialist care and hospital services were not affected. Cancellations contributed to the changes in service utilisation only during the first weeks of the pandemic.
Enhancement of NETosis by ACE2-cross-reactive anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Hsieh Kun-Han , Chao Chiao-Hsuan , Cheng Yi-Ling , Lai Yen-Chung , Chuang Yung-Chun , Wang Jen-Ren , Chang Sui-Yuan , Hung Yuan-Pin , Chen Yi-Ming Arthur , Liu Wei-Lun , Chuang Woei-Jer , Yeh Trai-Ming
Published: April 2024

Background

High levels of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation or NETosis and autoantibodies are related to poor prognosis and disease severity of COVID-19 patients. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cross-reactive anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (SARS-CoV-2 RBD) antibodies (CR Abs) have been reported as one of the sources of anti-ACE2 autoantibodies. However, the pathological implications of CR Abs in NET formation remain unknown.

Methods

In this study, we first assessed the presence of CR Abs in the sera of COVID-19 patients with different severity by serological analysis. Sera and purified IgG from CR Abs positive COVID-19 patients as well as a mouse monoclonal Ab (mAb 127) that can recognize both ACE2 and the RBD were tested for their influence on NETosis and the possible mechanisms involved were studied.

Results

An association between CR Abs levels and the severity of COVID-19 in 120 patients was found. The CR Abs-positive sera and IgG from severe COVID-19 patients and mAb 127 significantly activated human leukocytes and triggered NETosis, in the presence of RBD. This NETosis, triggered by the coexistence of CR Abs and RBD, activated thrombus-related cells but was abolished when the interaction between CR Abs and ACE2 or Fc receptors was disrupted. We also revealed that CR Abs-induced NETosis was suppressed in the presence of recombinant ACE2 or the Src family kinase inhibitor, dasatinib. Furthermore, we found that COVID-19 vaccination not only reduced COVID-19 severity but also prevented the production of CR Abs after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions

Our findings provide possible pathogenic effects of CR Abs in exacerbating COVID-19 by enhancing NETosis, highlighting ACE2 and dasatinib as potential treatments, and supporting the benefit of vaccination in reducing disease severity and CR Abs production in COVID-19 patients.
Positive effect of deep diaphragmatic breathing training on gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough: a clinical randomized controlled study
Authors: Niu Shanshan , Zhang Tongyangzi , Li Wanzhen , Wen Siwan , Dong Lei , Wang Shengyuan , Shi Wenbo , Shi Cuiqin , Shen Yuqin , Huang Qianchun , Tan Yaling , Xu Xianghuai , Yu Li
Published: April 2024

Background and Objective

To explore the efficacy of deep diaphragmatic breathing training (DEP) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough (GERC).

Methods

A randomized controlled study was conducted involving 60 GERC patients who were divided into the intervention group and the control group (each with 30 patients). Both groups received routine medication treatment for GERC, while the intervention group received DEP training additionally. Both groups were evaluated by cough symptom scores, Hull airway reflux questionnaire (HARQ), gastroesophageal reflux diagnostic questionnaire (GerdQ), generalized anxiety disorder scale-7 (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ), as well as capsaicin cough sensitivity testing, B-ultrasound and surface electromyography (sEMG) of the diaphragmatic muscles before and after treatment. The cough resolution rate and changes of the above indictors was compared between the two groups after eight weeks of treatment.

Results

After eight weeks of treatment, cough symptoms improved in both groups, but the cough resolution rate in the intervention group of 94% was significantly higher than that in the control group of 77% (χ2 = 6.402, P = 0.041). The intervention group showed significant improvements to the control group in GerdQ (6.13(0.35) VS 6.57(0.77)), GAD-7 (0(0;1) VS 1(0;3)), PSQI (2(1;3) VS 4(3;6)), LCQ (17.19(1.56) VS 15.88(1.92)) and PHQ-9 (0(0;0) VS 0(0;3)) after treatment. Compared to control group, sEMG activity of the diaphragmatic muscle was significantly increased in the intervention group after treatment, measured during DEP (79.00(2.49) VS 74.65 (1.93)) and quiet breathing (72.73 (1.96) VS 67.15 (2.48)).

Conclusion

DEP training can improve cough symptoms as an adjunctive treatment in GERC patients.

Trial registration

The protocol was registered in February 2, 2022 via the Chinese Clinical Trials Register (http://www.chictr.org.cn/) [ChiCTR2200056246].
Longitudinal blood glucose level and increased silent myocardial infarction: a pooled analysis of four cohort studies
Authors: Xiao Mianli , Malmi Markku A. , Schocken Douglas D. , Zgibor Janice C. , Alman Amy C.
Published: April 2024

Background

Fasting glucose (FG) demonstrates dynamic fluctuations over time and is associated with cardiovascular outcomes, yet current research is limited by small sample sizes and relies solely on baseline glycemic levels. Our research aims to investigate the longitudinal association between FG and silent myocardial infarction (SMI) and also delves into the nuanced aspect of dose response in a large pooled dataset of four cohort studies.

Methods

We analyzed data from 24,732 individuals from four prospective cohort studies who were free of myocardial infarction history at baseline. We calculated average FG and intra-individual FG variability (coefficient of variation), while SMI cases were identified using 12-lead ECG exams with the Minnesota codes and medical history. FG was measured for each subject during the study’s follow-up period. We applied a Cox regression model with time-dependent variables to assess the association between FG and SMI with adjustment for age, gender, race, Study, smoking, longitudinal BMI, low-density lipoprotein level, blood pressure, and serum creatinine.

Results

The average mean age of the study population was 60.5 (sd: 10.3) years with median fasting glucose of 97.3 mg/dL at baseline. During an average of 9 years of follow-up, 357 SMI events were observed (incidence rate, 1.3 per 1000 person-years). The association between FG and SMI was linear and each 25 mg/dL increment in FG was associated with a 15% increase in the risk of SMI. This association remained significant after adjusting for the use of lipid-lowering medication, antihypertensive medication, antidiabetic medication, and insulin treatment (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16). Higher average FG (HR per 25 mg/dL increase: 1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.26) and variability of FG (HR per 1 sd increase: 1.23, 95% CI 1.12–1.34) over visits were also correlated with increased SMI risk.

Conclusions

Higher longitudinal FG and larger intra-individual variability in FG over time were associated in a dose–response manner with a higher SMI risk. These findings support the significance of routine cardiac screening for subjects with elevated FG, with and without diabetes.
Circulating tumor cell-derived exosome–transmitted long non-coding RNA TTN-AS1 can promote the proliferation and migration of cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: Zhou Xu , Kong Xiaohan , Lu Jun , Wang Heng , Liu Meng , Zhao Shuchao , Xia Zhaozhi , Liu Qinggong , Sun Hongrui , Gao Xin , Ma Chaoqun , Niu Zheyu , Yang Faji , Song Xie , Gao Hengjun , Zhang Shizhe , Zhu Huaqiang
Published: April 2024

Background

Exosomes assume a pivotal role as essential mediators of intercellular communication within tumor microenvironments. Within this context, long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been observed to be preferentially sorted into exosomes, thus exerting regulatory control over the initiation and progression of cancer through diverse mechanisms.

Results

Exosomes were successfully isolated from cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) CTCs organoid and healthy human serum. Notably, the LncRNA titin-antisense RNA1 (TTN-AS1) exhibited a conspicuous up-regulation within CCA CTCs organoid derived exosomes. Furthermore, a significant elevation of TTN-AS1 expression was observed in tumor tissues, as well as in blood and serum exosomes from patients afflicted with CCA. Importantly, this hightened TTN-AS1 expression in serum exosomes of CCA patients manifested a strong correlation with both lymph node metastasis and TNM staging. Remarkably, both CCA CTCs organoid-derived exosomes and CCA cells-derived exosomes featuring pronounced TTN-AS1 expression demonstrated the capability to the proliferation and migratory potential of CCA cells. Validation of these outcomes was conducted in vivo experiments.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our study elucidating that CCA CTCs-derived exosomes possess the capacity to bolster the metastasis tendencies of CCA cells by transporting TTN-AS1. These observations underscore the potential of TTN-AS1 within CTCs-derived exosomes to serve as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of CCA.
Sarcoma of the uterine cervix: experience of a single center
Authors: Yuan Hua , Li Lihong , Li Ning , Yao Hongwen
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with primary sarcoma of the uterine cervix.

Methods

We identified all patients with primary cervical sarcomas treated at our institution from 2002 to 2020 and analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.

Results

34 patients were identified, 7 (20.6%) patients had leiomyosarcoma, 6 (17.6%) had carcinosarcoma, 5 (14.7%) had Ewing sarcoma, 4 (11.8%) had rhabdomyosarcoma, 4 (11.8%) had undifferentiated sarcoma, 2 (5.9%) had adenosarcoma, 2 (5.9%) had endometrial stromal sarcoma, 1 (2.9%) had dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 1 (2.9%) had alveolar soft tissue sarcoma and 2 (5.9%) had sarcoma not otherwise specified. The median age of the whole patients was 43.5 years (range, 13–63). The median age of patients with Ewing sarcoma or rhabdomyosarcoma was 22 years (range, 13–39) and 17 years (range, 13–36 years), respectively. The distribution by stage was: stage I in 21 (61.8%) patients, stage II in 4 (11.8%), stage III in 6 (17.6%) and stage IV in 3 (8.8%). Overall, 30 patients (88.2%) received surgical treatment. The median follow-up was 33.3 months (range 3.6–187.3 months). 11 patients died within 2 years after diagnosis, most of them were patients with carcinosarcoma or undifferentiated sarcoma (45.5%, 5/11). In the entire cohort, 2- and 5-year OS were 67.2% and 56.9%, respectively. 5-year OS was 25.0% for undifferentiated sarcoma, 50.0% for rhabdomyosarcoma, 50.0% for carcinosarcoma, 53.3% for Ewing sarcoma, 57.1% for leiomyosarcoma.

Conclusion

Cervical sarcomas are rare neoplasms with multiple histological subtypes and follow an aggressive course. Prognosis may be associated with tumor histology and stage.
Basal cell adenoma and basal cell adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland: clinical findings and surgical outcomes in a single-institution study
Authors: Park Chongsoo , Min Sally , Park Joseph Kyuhyung , Kim Jong-Ho
Published: April 2024

Background

Basal cell adenoma (BCA) is a rare benign tumor within the salivary glands. Basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC), the malignant counterpart of BCA, is also an exceedingly rare tumor with very limited clinical studies conducted. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, demographics, and surgical outcomes of patients diagnosed with BCA and BCAC within the parotid gland.

Methods

A retrospective analysis from May 2003 to August 2023 was performed for all patients undergoing parotidectomy for masses. Retrospective data on gender, age, tumor characteristics, and outcomes were collected. Surgical approaches, including negative margin attainment, capsule removal, and histological diagnosis, were also detailed.

Results

The study included 1268 patients who underwent parotidectomy, resulting in 81 cases of BCA and 7 cases of BCAC. BCA patients, with a mean age of 55.1 years, showed diverse age distribution and predominantly presented in the 50s. In BCAC cases, seven female patients exhibited a predominant location in the deep lobes. FNA revealed BCAC in three out of seven cases, and subsequent parotidectomy was performed, resulting in no observed recurrences or metastases.

Conclusion

This study reports the largest number of BCA cases from a single institution and provides comprehensive insights into the demographics, tumor characteristics, and clinical outcomes of both BCA and BCAC. Although further research should be conducted, based on clinical follow-up results, appropriately including the capsule in the tumor excision indicates favorable outcomes, especially when the tumor size is not large.
Exploring the role of Prx II in mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration
Authors: Jin Mei-Hua , Feng Lin , Xiang Hong-Yi , Sun Hu-Nan , Han Ying-Hao , Kwon Taeho
Published: April 2024

Background

Neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly recognized for their association with oxidative stress, which leads to progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons, manifesting in cognitive and motor impairments. This study aimed to elucidate the neuroprotective role of peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) in counteracting oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage, a key pathological feature of neurodegeneration.

Methods

We investigated the impact of Prx II deficiency on endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction using HT22 cell models with knocked down and overexpressed Prx II. We observed alcohol-treated HT22 cells using transmission electron microscopy and monitored changes in the length of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes and their contact with endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria contact sites (EMCSs). Additionally, RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were conducted to identify the role of Prx II in regulating mitochondrial transport and the formation of EMCSs.

Results

Our results indicated that Prx II preserves mitochondrial integrity by facilitating the formation of EMCSs, which are essential for maintaining mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and preventing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Further, we identified a novel regulatory axis involving Prx II, the transcription factor ATF3, and miR-181b-5p, which collectively modulate the expression of Armcx3, a protein implicated in mitochondrial transport. Our findings underscore the significance of Prx II in protecting neuronal cells from alcohol-induced oxidative damage and suggest that modulating the Prx II-ATF3-miR-181b-5p pathway may offer a promising therapeutic strategy against neurodegenerative diseases.

Conclusions

This study not only expands our understanding of the cytoprotective mechanisms of Prx II but also offers necessary data for developing targeted interventions to bolster mitochondrial resilience in neurodegenerative conditions.
Prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis among children with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Mogahed Engy Adel , Soliman Hend M. , Morgan Dalia Saber , Elaal Hoda Mohammed Abd , Khattab Rasha Abd El Razek Mahmoud , Eid Ragaey A. , Hodeib Mahmoud
Published: April 2024

Background

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an organ specific autoimmune disease, which can manifest at any age of life. there is a high prevalence of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases in patients with AIH. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) are the most frequent extrahepatic autoimmune disorders among patients with AIH. Aim of work is to detect the frequency of ATDs among Egyptian children with AIH.

Methods

This research is a cross-sectional study conducted on 58 children with AIH aged ≤ 18 years. All patients were tested for free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and antithyroglobulin (anti-TG). Thyroid ultrasound (US) and thyroid scan were performed for patients with abnormal thyroid profile, borderline values, positive anti-TPO or anti-TG.

Results

The mean ± standard deviation (SD) for the age of the patients was 11.3 ± 4.5 years. Out of 58 patients of AIH, 28 patients (48.3%) had associated other autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune thyroiditis was the most common associated autoimmune disease being present in 10 patients (17.2%). The thyroid status of AIT patients showed that 6 patients (60%) were euthyroid, 3 patients (30%) had subclinical hypothyroidism and only one patient (10%) was hyperthyroid.

Conclusion

Autoimmune hepatitis in Egyptian children is commonly associated with other autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common to be associated with AIH in pediatric patients. As it is not usually clinically manifesting, regular screening for AIT in children with AIH is mandatory.
Novel CAR T-cell therapies for relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies: latest updates from 2023 ASH annual meeting
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Li Sumei , Long Jinlan , Xie Shufeng , Wang Minghui , Liu Han , Xu Zhenshu
Published: April 2024

Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are engineered fusion proteins that target T-cells to specific surface antigens of tumor cells to generate effective anti-tumor responses. CAR T-cell therapy is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies (R/R BCM). Attempting to make CAR T-cells safer and more effective in treating R/R BCM, various novel engineered CAR T-cell agents are currently in the research and development or clinical trial stages. We have summarized here the latest reports on the novel CAR T-cell therapies for R/R BCM presented at the 2023 ASH Annual Meeting as well as the latest updates in related clinical trials.
Preoperative diagnosis and safe surgical approach in gallbladder amyloidosis: a case report
Authors: Shinohara Makoto , Hashimoto Masakazu , Kitamura Yoshihito , Nakashima Keigo , Hamaoka Michinori , Miguchi Masashi , Misumi Toshihiro , Fujikuni Nobuaki , Ikeda Satoshi , Matsugu Yasuhiro , Hattori Yui , Nishisaka Takashi , Nakahara Hideki
Published: April 2024

Background

Preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder amyloidosis is usually difficult. In our case, the patient exhibited gallbladder dyskinesia, which led us to suspect cholecystic amyloidosis. We were able to safely perform surgery before cholecystitis onset.

Case presentation

A 59-year-old male patient with a history of multiple myeloma and cardiac amyloidosis presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of epicardial pain. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed an enlarged gallbladder and biliary sludge without any specific imaging findings of cholecystitis. After percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration (PTGBA), the patient experienced recurrent bile retention and right upper quadrant pain. Flopropione was effective in relieving these symptoms. Based on his symptoms and laboratory findings, we diagnosed the patient with dyskinesia of the gallbladder. Considering his medical history, we suspected that it was caused by amyloidosis of the gallbladder. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. The histopathological examination showed amyloid deposits in the gallbladder mucosa, from the intrinsic layer to the submucosa, and in the peripheral nerves of the gallbladder neck. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 5 and has had no recurrence of abdominal pain since then.

Conclusion

In our case, gallbladder dyskinesia symptoms led us to suspect gallbladder amyloidosis. We safely surgically treated the patient before cholecystitis onset.
Prognostic Model for High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung Incorporating Genomic Profiling and Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Expression
Authors: Kim Hye Sook , Kim Jong Kwang , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Lee Young Joo , Lee Geon-Kuk , Han Ji-Youn
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE

High-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNEC) of the lung is an aggressive cancer with a complex biology. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of genetic aberrations and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) expression in HGNEC and to establish a novel prognostic model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We retrospectively enrolled 191 patients with histologically confirmed HGNEC of the lung. Tumor tissues were analyzed using PARP1 immunohistochemistry (IHC; N = 191) and comprehensive cancer panel sequencing (n = 102). Clinical and genetic data were used to develop an integrated Cox hazards model.

RESULTS

Strong PARP1 IHC expression (intensity 3) was observed in 153 of 191 (80.1%) patients, and the mean PARP1 H-score was 285 (range, 5-300). To develop an integrated Cox hazard model, our data set included information from 357 gene mutations and 19 clinical profiles. When the targeted mutation profiles were combined with clinical profiles, 12 genes ( ATRX, CCND2, EXT2, FGFR2, FOXO1, IL21R, MAF, TGM7, TNFAIP3, TP53, TSHR, and DDR2) were identified as prognostic factors for survival. The integrated Cox hazard model, which combines mutation profiles with a baseline model, outperformed the baseline model (incremental area under the curve 0.84 v 0.78; P = 8.79e-12). The integrated model stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different disease-free and overall survival (integrated model: hazard ratio, 7.14 [95% CI, 4.07 to 12.54]; P < .01; baseline model: 4.38 [2.56 to 7.51]; P < .01).

CONCLUSION

We introduced a new prognostic model for HGNEC that combines genetic and clinical data. The integrated Cox hazard model outperformed the baseline model in predicting the survival of patients with HGNEC.
CAÇANDO DELTAN?
Authors: Sobreira David , Neiva Horacio , Godoy Miguel
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: A decisão que cassou o registro da candidatura do ex-Deputado Federal Deltan Dallagnol foi motivo de grandes discussões no país. Diversos juristas manifestaram seu apoio ou objeção ao voto do ministro do TSE Benedito Gonçalves, relator do caso. Diante do contexto em que a decisão foi tomada, surgiram questionamentos sobre a higidez de seus fundamentos, bem como hipóteses que apontavam para uma potencial perseguição. Portanto, o presente trabalho pretende: (i) examinar a decisão para analisar a compatibilidade de seus argumentos com o Direito vigente para, então, (ii) verificar a possibilidade de existência de uma perseguição política.
Metodologia: Partindo de uma abordagem de cunho bibliográfico-documental, o trabalho aplica o método dedutivo para alcançar o primeiro objetivo (i) e o método indutivo para o segundo (ii).
Resultados: Verificou-se que os fundamentos apresentados na decisão violam direitos constitucionais e são incompatíveis com a jurisprudência do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral e do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A pesquisa, de natureza estritamente jurídica, não se mostrou capaz, contudo, de concluir se a decisão caracterizou ou não uma perseguição política.
Contribuições: Não obstante um dos objetivos não ter sido alcançado, a pesquisa contribui para a formação de um pensamento crítico em relação a decisões de tribunais superiores. De outro lado, ao apresentar critérios objetivos para a verificação de higidez de uma decisão, o trabalho permite críticas metodologicamente amparadas às posturas dos tribunais superiores, de forma que eles, munidos de tais informações, possam aperfeiçoar o processo de fundamentação de suas decisões. Há, por fim, um ganho sistêmico para a sociedade, na medida em que o trabalho representa uma forma de controle cidadão das instituições.
Radical Science Journal και Undercurrents
Authors: Βοσκεριτσιάν Τακβόρ
Published: April 2024

Από τα τέλη της δεκαετίας του 1960, παράλληλα με την διεθνή ανάπτυξη των κοινωνικών και πολιτικών κινημάτων στην Αμερική, την Μ.Βρετανία και αλλού διαμορφώνονται τα κινήματα της ριζοσπαστικής επιστήμης. Τα εν λόγω κινήματα, έχουν ως άξονά τους την κριτική στη χρήση, τον τρόπο παραγωγής και το περιεχόμενο της επιστήμης και της τεχνολογίας.Η παρούσα διατριβή εστιάζει στο Βρετανικό κίνημα της ριζοσπαστικής επιστήμης που διαμορφώθηκε, κυρίως, τη δεκαετία του 1970, και πιο συγκεκριμένα σε δύο από τα κύρια περιοδικά του κινήματος: Το Radical Science Journal και το Undercurrents. Το Radical Science Journal αντλώντας ιδέες πρωτίστως από το έργο του Καρλ Μαρξ και την μαρξιστική παράδοση επιχείρησε να υπονομεύσει την εδραιωμένη ιδέα περί "ουδετερότητας" της επιστήμης και το δημοφιλές σχήμα της "χρήσης/κατάχρησης" της επιστήμης. Σύμφωνα με τους συντάκτες του Radical Science Journal, το περιεχόμενο της επιστήμης δεν καθορίζεται αποκλειστικά από επιστημικούς όρων αλλά από κοινωνικούς. Ισχυρίζονταν ότι οι κυρίαρχες κοινωνικές σχέσεις, δηλαδή οι κοινωνικές και οικονομικές σχέσεις του καπιταλιστικού συστήματος, διαμορφώνουν τον επιστημονικό λόγο στην ολότητά του. Παράλληλα με τις ιδέες του Radical Science Journal, στο πλαίσιο του κλάδου των STS αναπτύχθηκαν οι ιδέες της κοινωνιολογίας της επιστημονικής γνώσης και της Σχολής του Εδιμβούργου. Η διατριβή διερευνά τις ιστορικές και θεωρητικές συσχετίσεις ανάμεσα στο Εδιμβούργο και το Radical Science Journal και αναδεικνύει το γεγονός ότι η ιδέα περί της κοινωνικής συγκρότησης της επιστήμης, μέσω του Radical Science Journal και του Βρετανικού κινήματος της ριζοσπαστικής επιστήμης παράγεται με διαφορετικό τρόπο και από άλλες αφετηρίες εκτός του επίσημου κλάδου των Σπουδών Επιστήμης και ΤεχνολογίαςΤο Undercurrents, από την άλλη, ήταν ένα ριζοσπαστικό περιοδικό χωρίς τα ιδεολογικά χαρακτηριστικά που χαρακτήριζαν το Radical Science Journal. Ήταν αφιερωμένο στην οικολογία, τις εναλλακτικές τεχνολογίες και την "περιθωριακή" επιστήμη (fringe science). Η διατριβή εστιάζει, κυρίως, στο ζήτημα της περιθωριακής επιστήμης στο Undercurrents, δηλαδή, στις ιδέες που διαφεύγουν από τις αναλύσεις της κυρίαρχης επιστήμης και εφάπτονται στον αποκρυφισμό και την μεταφυσική. Σε αντίθεση με το Αμερικανικό κίνημα ριζοσπαστικής επιστήμης, δείχνουμε ότι στην Βρετανική περίπτωση, η περιθωριακή περίπτωση και οι New Age ιδέες, αποκτούν ριζοσπαστικό πολιτικό χαρακτήρα και ανάγονται σε ριζοσπαστική επιστήμη.