bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Independent influence of age on heart rate recovery after flywheel exercise in trained men and women
Authors: Zubac Damir , Goswami Nandu , Ivančev Vladimir , Valić Zoran , Šimunič Boštjan
Published: June 2021

The present study examined whether differences in the heart rate recovery following flywheel exercise cessation were associated with differences in maximal oxygen uptake ($${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

V
˙

O2 max.), age and sex in trained adults. Eleven men (age range 22–49 years, $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

V
˙

O2 max. = 43.6 ± 7.6 mL kg min−1) and ten women (age range 20—53 years, $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

V
˙

O2 max. = 38.0 ± 5.7 mL kg min−1) were randomly assigned to complete a squat-exercise on the flywheel ergometer set at three different moments of inertia, while their cardiovascular responses were continuously monitored. During the flywheel exercise the mean arterial pressure rose by ~ 35 to 40% (p = .001), and the increment was more robust in men than women. The cardiac index was two-fold greater across both sexes compared to the baseline (p = .001), while the rise in heart rate (~ 144 bpm) was more pronounced in women to compensate for their load-dependent stroke index decline (p = .001). The load-independent time-course changes in heart rate recovery markers were comparable between the sexes. When these indicators were pooled, a stepwise regression revealed age as the only relevant predictor of both fast and slow components of the heart rate recovery (~ 30% of the shared variance explained, p = .014). The present data suggest that the heart rate recovery declines with age, irrespective of sex, or well-preserved cardiorespiratory fitness in moderately-trained adults.
Elucidation of the relationship between sensory processing and white matter using diffusion tensor imaging tractography in young adults
Authors: Shiotsu Daichi , Jung Minyoung , Habata Kaie , Kamiya Taku , Omori Ichiro M. , Okazawa Hidehiko , Kosaka Hirotaka
Published: June 2021

Sensory processing and behaviors are altered during the development of connectivity between the sensory cortices and multiple brain regions in an experience-dependent manner. To reveal the relationship between sensory processing and brain white matter, we investigated the association between the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) and neural connectivity in the white matter tracts of 84 healthy young adults using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We observed a positive relationship between AASP scores (i.e., sensory sensitivity, sensation avoiding, activity level)/subscores (i.e., sensory sensitivity–activity level, sensation avoiding–touch) and DTI parameters in the cingulum–cingulate gyrus bundle (CCG) and between AASP subscores (i.e., sensory sensitivity–auditory) and a diffusion parameter in the uncinate fasciculus (UNC). The diffusion parameters that correlated with AASP scores/subscores and AASP quadrant scores (i.e., sensory avoiding and sensitivity) were axonal diffusivity (AD) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the CCG and MD in the UNC. Moreover, the increased sensory avoiding and sensitivity scores represent the sensitization of sensory processing, and the level of diffusivity parameters indicates white matter microstructure variability, such as axons and myelin from diffusivity of water molecules. Thus, the present study suggests that the CCG and UNC are critical white matter microstructures for determining the level of sensory processing in young adults.
Isolation, purification and identification of biological compounds from Beauveria sp. and their evaluation as insecticidal effectiveness against Bemisia tabaci
Authors: An Ran , Ahmed Maqsood , Li Haiyan , Wang Yanbin , Zhang Aimin , Bi Yuhui , Yu Zhiguo
Published: June 2021

Bemisia tabaci is one of the most notorious agricultural pests in the world. A vicious circle among insect resistance, dose increased, environment and human body impaired as the overuse of synthetic pesticides are becoming increasingly evident. Entomopathogenic Beauveria sp. is known as an effective natural enemy to control B. tabaci. Therefore, this study aimed to purify and identify the biological compounds from Beauveria sp. LY2 via extensive chromatographic techniques, NMR and MS and evaluated for their insecticidal activities against B. tabaci via contact and feeding assay. The outcome identified that one new cerebroside, cerebroside F (1), nine known compounds, cerebroside B (2), bassiatin (3), methyl 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-2-quinolinecarboxylate (4), cerevisterol (5), 9-hydroxycerevisterol (6), 6-dehydrocerevisterol (7), (22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-diene-3β,5α,6β,7α-tetrol (8), melithasterol B (9) and ergosterol peroxide (10) were isolated. Among the known compounds, methyl 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo- 2-quinolinecarboxylate (4) was isolated from natural origin for the first time. It is demonstrable from the results that compounds 3, 4 and 7 strongly featured insecticidal activities against B. tabaci, being the LC50 value as 10.59, 19.05, 26.59 μg/mL respectively in contact as well as 11.42, 5.66, 5.65 μg/mL respectively in feeding experiment. Moreover, no adverse effect on plant growth/height or phytotoxicity was observed on pepper, cucumber, tomato and cotton. The data from the current study has provided the foundation for the use of newly purified compounds against Bemisia tabaci as an alternative to synthetic chemical compounds.
Characterization of the G protein-coupled receptor family SREB across fish evolution
Authors: Breton Timothy S. , Sampson William G. B. , Clifford Benjamin , Phaneuf Anyssa M. , Smidt Ilze , True Tamera , Wilcox Andrew R. , Lipscomb Taylor , Murray Casey , DiMaggio Matthew A.
Published: June 2021

The SREB (Super-conserved Receptors Expressed in Brain) family of G protein-coupled receptors is highly conserved across vertebrates and consists of three members: SREB1 (orphan receptor GPR27), SREB2 (GPR85), and SREB3 (GPR173). Ligands for these receptors are largely unknown or only recently identified, and functions for all three are still beginning to be understood, including roles in glucose homeostasis, neurogenesis, and hypothalamic control of reproduction. In addition to the brain, all three are expressed in gonads, but relatively few studies have focused on this, especially in non-mammalian models or in an integrated approach across the entire receptor family. The purpose of this study was to more fully characterize sreb genes in fish, using comparative genomics and gonadal expression analyses in five diverse ray-finned (Actinopterygii) species across evolution. Several unique characteristics were identified in fish, including: (1) a novel, fourth euteleost-specific gene (sreb3b or gpr173b) that likely emerged from a copy of sreb3 in a separate event after the teleost whole genome duplication, (2) sreb3a gene loss in Order Cyprinodontiformes, and (3) expression differences between a gar species and teleosts. Overall, gonadal patterns suggested an important role for all sreb genes in teleost testicular development, while gar were characterized by greater ovarian expression that may reflect similar roles to mammals. The novel sreb3b gene was also characterized by several unique features, including divergent but highly conserved amino acid positions, and elevated brain expression in puffer (Dichotomyctere nigroviridis) that more closely matched sreb2, not sreb3a. These results demonstrate that SREBs may differ among vertebrates in genomic structure and function, and more research is needed to better understand these roles in fish.
Nicotine delivery and relief of craving after consumption of European JUUL e-cigarettes prior and after pod modification
Authors: Mallock Nadja , Rabenstein Andrea , Gernun Solveig , Laux Peter , Hutzler Christoph , Karch Susanne , Koller Gabriele , Henkler-Stephani Frank , Parr Maria Kristina , Pogarell Oliver , Luch Andreas , Rüther Tobias
Published: June 2021

The emergence of e-cigarettes on the consumer market led to a tremendous rise in e-cigarette consumption among adolescents in the United States. The success of JUUL and other pod systems was linked to its high nicotine delivery capacity. In compliance with the European Tobacco Product directive, liquid nicotine contents in the European JUUL variants are limited to 20 mg/mL or below. A short time after launching the initial version in Europe, JUUL pods have been modified in terms of the wick material used. This modification has been demonstrated previously to lead to an elevated aerosol generation, consequently, to a larger amount of nicotine per puff generated. The present study was designed to assess whether the mentioned differences between the “initial” and “modified” JUUL versions may cause a significant difference during consumption, and how nicotine delivery compares with tobacco cigarettes. In this single-center three-arm study, nicotine pharmacokinetics and influence on urge to smoke/vape were compared for tobacco cigarettes, the “initial” version of the European JUUL, and the “modified” version of the European JUUL. Participants, 15 active smokers and 17 active e-cigarette users, were instructed to consume their study product according to a pre-directed puffing protocol. Venous blood was sampled for nicotine analysis to cover the acute phase and the first 30 min after starting. Nicotine delivery and the reduction of urge to smoke/vape upon usage of both European JUUL variants were lower in comparison to tobacco cigarettes. This suggests a lower addictive potential. Modification of the pod design did not result in significant differences at the first ten puffs, as confirmed by a vaping machine experiment. Apparently, the limitations by the initially used wick material only come into effect after longer usage time.
Spin glass behavior and magnetic boson peak in a structural glass of a magnetic ionic liquid
Authors: Kofu Maiko , Watanuki Ryuta , Sakakibara Toshiro , Ohira-Kawamura Seiko , Nakajima Kenji , Matsuura Masato , Ueki Takeshi , Akutsu Kazuhiro , Yamamuro Osamu
Published: June 2021

Glassy magnetic behavior has been observed in a wide range of crystalline magnetic materials called spin glass. Here, we report spin glass behavior in a structural glass of a magnetic ionic liquid, C4mimFeCl4. Magnetization measurements demonstrate that an antiferromagnetic ordering occurs at TN = 2.3 K in the crystalline state, while a spin glass transition occurs at TSG = 0.4 K in the structural glass state. In addition, localized magnetic excitations were found in the spin glass state by inelastic neutron scattering, in contrast to spin-wave excitations in the ordered phase of the crystalline sample. The localized excitation was scaled by the Bose population factor below TSG and gradually disappeared above TSG. This feature is highly reminiscent of boson peaks commonly observed in structural glasses. We suggest the “magnetic” boson peak to be one of the inherent dynamics of a spin glass state.
Osmotically balanced, large unilamellar liposomes that enable sustained bupivacaine release for prolonged pain relief in in vivo rat models
Authors: Yoo Hyebin , Park Jun Seok , Oh Seung Soo , Kang Hyun
Published: June 2021

To efficiently prolong analgesic effects, we developed osmotically balanced, large unilamellar liposomes (~ 6 μm in diameter) in which highly concentrated bupivacaine (up to 30 mg/mL) was encapsulated, and their sustained bupivacaine release was highly effective in relieving postoperative pain over 24 h in a rat model. Our reverse-phase evaporation method based on non-toxic alcohol, ethanol, enabled simple and cost-effective production of bupivacaine-loaded liposomes, of which osmotic pressure was readily balanced to improve the structural stability of the enlarged unilamellar liposomes along with extension of their shelf life (> a month). The in vitro release profile verified that the release duration of the bupivacaine-loaded liposomes extended up to 6 days. For the in vivo study, male Sprague–Dawley rats were used for the incisional pain model, simulating postoperative pain, and the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured using a von Frey filament. Compared to the control group that received intraplantar administration of normal saline, the group of liposomal bupivacaine showed that the initially increased MWT gradually decreased up to 24 h, and importantly, the analgesic effect of the liposomal bupivacaine was maintained 6 times longer than that of bupivacaine only, proving the potential of effective long-acting anesthetics.
Parental socioeconomic status and adolescent health in Japan
Authors: Okamoto Shohei
Published: June 2021

There is no consensus on which parental socioeconomic indicators should be used to define adolescents’ socioeconomic status (SES). Utilising the data for 3154 parent-adolescent pairs obtained from the sample of the Survey of Lifestyle Value of Parents and Children 2011 conducted by the Cabinet Office in Japan, the associations between adolescent’s subjective economic status, parental SES (i.e. education, occupation, and household income), and child health-related outcomes (i.e. self-rated health, dietary and oral health behaviours) were analysed using multilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic regression to investigate heterogeneity in these relationships across SES indicators and health outcome measures. Results demonstrated that income was the strongest predictor of adolescent health outcomes, suggesting that adolescents in the middle- or high-income groups tended to report better health status compared to the low-income group, have a higher frequency of having breakfast, and more likely to regularly brush their teeth by 24% (OR 1.24, 95% CI [1.06–1.46]) to 66% (OR 1.66, 95% CI [1.30–2.12]). Parental education was also related to child health-related behaviours, with higher levels of habitual healthy behaviours being observed in the middle- and high-education groups than in the low-education group by 15% (OR 1.15, 95% CI [1.01–1.32]) to 63% (OR 1.63, 95% CI [1.31–2.03]). Future studies regarding health disparities among children/adolescents should carefully choose an SES indicator, taking multiple pathways between each SES indicator and health/health behaviours into consideration.
Author Correction: NanoBRET binding assay for histamine H2 receptor ligands using live recombinant HEK293T cells
Authors: Grätz Lukas , Tropmann Katharina , Bresinsky Merlin , Müller Christoph , Bernhardt Günther , Pockes Steffen
Published: June 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Accessory proteins of the RAS-MAPK pathway: moving from the side line to the front line
Authors: Pudewell Silke , Wittich Christoph , Kazemein Jasemi Neda S. , Bazgir Farhad , Ahmadian Mohammad R.
Published: June 2021

Health and disease are directly related to the RTK-RAS-MAPK signalling cascade. After more than three decades of intensive research, understanding its spatiotemporal features is afflicted with major conceptual shortcomings. Here we consider how the compilation of a vast array of accessory proteins may resolve some parts of the puzzles in this field, as they safeguard the strength, efficiency and specificity of signal transduction. Targeting such modulators, rather than the constituent components of the RTK-RAS-MAPK signalling cascade may attenuate rather than inhibit disease-relevant signalling pathways.
Why reducing the cosmic sound horizon alone can not fully resolve the Hubble tension
Authors: Jedamzik Karsten , Pogosian Levon , Zhao Gong-Bo
Published: June 2021

The mismatch between the locally measured expansion rate of the universe and the one inferred from the cosmic microwave background measurements by Planck in the context of the standard ΛCDM, known as the Hubble tension, has become one of the most pressing problems in cosmology. A large number of amendments to the ΛCDM model have been proposed in order to solve this tension. Many of them introduce new physics, such as early dark energy, modifications of the standard model neutrino sector, extra radiation, primordial magnetic fields or varying fundamental constants, with the aim of reducing the sound horizon at recombination r⋆. We demonstrate here that any model which only reduces r⋆ can never fully resolve the Hubble tension while remaining consistent with other cosmological datasets. We show explicitly that models which achieve a higher Hubble constant with lower values of matter density Ωmh2 run into tension with the observations of baryon acoustic oscillations, while models with larger Ωmh2 develop tension with galaxy weak lensing data.
Assessing the impact of silicon nanowires on bacterial transformation and viability of Escherichia coli
Authors: Becce Michele , Klöckner Anna , Higgins Stuart G. , Penders Jelle , Hachim Daniel , Bashor Caleb J. , Edwards Andrew M. , Stevens Molly M.
Published: June 2021

In this study nanowires were engineered and we investigated the interface between the biomaterial and bacteria, looking in detail at membrane rupture and cell viability.
The comparative study on the catalytic activity of Cu–M/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 (M = W, Nb, Cr and Mo) catalysts with dual-function for the simultaneous removal of NO and CO under oxygen-rich conditions
Authors: Li Zhengling , Cheng Hao , Zhang Xuebin , Ji Mao , Wang Shuyao , Wang Shudong
Published: June 2021

The Cu–M/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 (M = W, Nb, Cr and Mo) catalysts can simultaneously catalyze NH3-SCR and CO oxidation reactions, and the Cu–Nb/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalysts show the best catalytic performance.
Single-composition Al3+-singly doped ZnO phosphors for UV-pumped warm white light-emitting diode applications
Authors: Trung D. Q. , Quang N. V. , Tran M. T. , Du N. V. , Tu N. , Hung N. D. , Viet Dao Xuan , Anh D. D. , Huy P. T.
Published: June 2021

The development of full-visible-spectrum phosphors is essential for next-generation light-emitting devices with better light quality.
Boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production activity by a microporous CuII-MOF nanoribbon decorated with Pt nanoparticles
Authors: Li Lei , Zhao Yan , Wang Qian , Liu Zheng-Yu , Wang Xiu-Guang , Yang En-Cui , Zhao Xiao-Jun
Published: June 2021

Due to the synergistic effect between photoactive CuII and Pt sites, the Pt(4.38 wt%)/CuII-MOF nanoribbon exhibits an enhanced hydrogen production rate, obviously higher by 4.7 and 1.9 times than those of the individual Pt nanoparticle and CuII-MOF.
Understanding liquefaction in halide perovskites upon methylamine gas exposure
Authors: Zhou Wencai , Zheng Zilong , Lu Yue , Sui Manling , Yin Jun , Yan Hui
Published: June 2021

Methylamine (CH3NH2, MA) gas-induced fabrication of organometal CH3NH3PbI3 based perovskite thin films are promising photovoltaic materials that transform the energy from absorbed sunlight into electrical power.
Methane production from wheat straw pretreated with CaO2/cellulase
Authors: Li Zhenmin , Zhang Jishi , Kong Chunduo , Li Wenqing , Wang Jinwei , Zang Lihua
Published: June 2021

This work reports methane production from wheat straw pretreated with CaO2/cellulase.
ZEUS (ZIF-based electrochemical ultrasensitive screening) device for isopentane analytics with focus on lung cancer diagnosis
Authors: Banga Ivneet , Paul Anirban , Sardesai Abha Umesh , Muthukumar Sriram , Prasad Shalini
Published: June 2021

A novel synthesized [BMIM]BF4@ZIF-8 nanocomposite for electrochemical sensing of isopentane as a biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis.
Chitosan-based enzyme ink for screen-printed bioanodes
Authors: Shitanda Isao , Oda Kanako , Loew Noya , Watanabe Hikari , Itagaki Masayuki , Tsujimura Seiya , Zebda Abdelkader
Published: June 2021

Bio-composite inks based on magnesium oxide (MgO)-templated mesoporous carbon (MgOC) and chitosan cross-linked with genipin for one-step screen-printing process.
Nanostructured intermetallic InSb as a high-capacity and high-performance negative electrode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Mohammad Irshad , Blondeau Lucie , Foy Eddy , Leroy Jocelyne , Leroy Eric , Khodja Hicham , Gauthier Magali
Published: June 2021

The paper reports the performance of a nanostructured InSb alloy as a promising negative electrode for sodium-ion batteries.
Passive wireless respiratory sensor
Authors: Feng Bin , Zhao Kai , Su Qiucheng , Yu Zhentao , Jin Hao
Published: June 2021

Monitoring respiratory characteristics is an important method to monitor sleep respiratory diseases such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). In this letter, a passive wireless respiratory sensor is developed, which is based on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) microsensor using graphene oxide as a sensitive layer. The developed sensor is placed on the upper lip below the nose, which monitors human's breathing by detecting the humidity changes while inhale and exhale. To meet the fast response requirement of human respiratory, the effect of the thicknesses of graphene oxide (GO) films is investigated. Results show that the response and recovery time of the sensor can achieve 0.4 and 1.4 s, respectively, with the optimized 70‐nm thickness of GO. The respiratory rate that the sensing system can measure is greater than 33 breaths per minute, outcompeting the average number of breaths per minute from an adult (i.e. 16–20 breaths per minute). The new sensor proposed here paves the way for the fabrication of high‐performance and low‐cost respiratory sensors in human breathing monitoring in real life.
Galactic magnetic field reconstruction using the polarized diffuse Galactic emission: formalism and application to Planck data
Authors: Pelgrims V. , Macías-Pérez J. F. , Ruppin F.
Published: June 2021

The polarized Galactic synchrotron and thermal dust emission constitutes a major tool in the study of the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) and in constraining its strength and geometry for the regular and turbulent components. In this paper, we review the modeling of these two components of the polarized Galactic emission and present our strategy for optimally exploiting the currently existing data sets. We investigate a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to constrain the model parameter space through maximum-likelihood analysis, focusing mainly on dust polarized emission. Relying on simulations, we demonstrate that our methodology can be used to constrain the regular GMF geometry. Fitting for the reduced Stokes parameters, this reconstruction is only marginally dependent of the accuracy of the reconstruction of the Galactic dust grain density distribution. However, the reconstruction degrades, apart from the pitch angle, when including a turbulent component on the order of the regular one as suggested by current observational constraints. Finally, we applied this methodology to a set of Planck polarization maps at 353 GHz to obtain the first MCMC based constrains on the large-scale regular-component of the GMF from the polarized diffuse Galactic thermal dust emission. By testing various models of the dust density distribution and of the GMF geometry, we prove that it is possible to infer the large-scale geometrical properties of the GMF. We obtain coherent three-dimensional views of the GMF, from which we infer a mean pitch angle of 27 degrees with 14% scatter, which is in agreement with results obtained in the literature from synchrotron emission.
Atomic diffusion and mixing in old stars
Authors: Gavel Alvin , Gruyters Pieter , Heiter Ulrike , Korn Andreas J. , Nordlander Thomas , Scheutwinkel Kilian H. , Richard Olivier A.
Published: June 2021

Aims.We attempt to constrain the efficiency of additional transport or mixing processes that reduce the effect of atomic diffusion in stellar atmospheres.

Methods.We apply spectral synthesis methods to spectra observed with the GIRAFFE spectrograph on the VLT to estimate abundances of Mg, Ti, Fe, and Ba in stars in the metal-poor globular cluster M 30. To the abundances we fit trends of abundances predicted by stellar evolution models assuming different efficiencies of additional transport or mixing processes. The fitting procedure attempts to take into account the effects of parameter-dependent systematic errors in the derived abundances.

Results.We find that the parameterT0, which describes the efficiency of additional transport or mixing processes, can almost certainly be constrained to the narrow range log10(T0/[K]) between 6.09 and 6.2. This corresponds to decreased abundances for stars at the main sequence turn-off point compared to the red giant branch by 0.2 dex for Mg, 0.1 dex for Fe, and 0.07 dex for Ti. We also find that while our estimates do have non-negligible systematic errors stemming from the continuum placement and the assumed microturbulence, our method can take them into account.

Conclusions.Our results partly amend the results of an earlier paper in this article series, that tentatively used a value of log10(T0/[K]) = 6.0 when modelling the Spite plateau of lithium. To more easily distinguish physical effects from systematic errors, we recommend that studies of this kind focus on elements for which the expected surface abundances as functions of effective temperature have a distinct structure and cover a wide range.
Orbital eccentricities as indicators of stellar populations
Authors: Cubarsi R. , Stojanović M. , Ninković S.
Published: June 2021

Context.In previous work, we showed how the planar and vertical eccentricities of disc stars,eande′, could be used as indicators of the stars’ kinematic populations. For a local stellar sample drawn from theGaiaDR2 catalogue, these populations were represented geometrically in the eccentricity diagram,e′2vs.e2, approximately separated by straight lines.

Aims.In the current work, we propose a new relationship between the star’s perpendicular velocity and its vertical eccentricity, allowing for a reevaluation of the critical vertical eccentricity and maximum height,zmax, specific to each population component.

Methods.We approximated the local potential function to be consistent with the actual shape of the curve that relates the maximum vertical speed of a star and its maximum height. The curve corresponds to a non-linear restoring vertical force, where the stiffness decreases with an increase in the maximum height. The constants involved in this fitting, together with the population velocity dispersions, determine the specific region for each population in the eccentricity diagram.

Results.The new classification determines 88% of the sample is made up of thin disc stars and 9% of thick disc stars, whereby 3% of the stars have been relabelled, by providing thinner thin and thick discs. Nested thin disc subsamples allow us to estimate Strömberg’s asymmetric drift equation, leading to a heliocentric velocity of the circular orbit ofVc ≈ −12.9 km s−1, an absolute rotation velocity of Θc ≈ 227 km s−1, and a rotation component of the Galactocentric velocity of the Sun at Θ⊙ ≈ 240 km s−1.

Conclusions.The thin disc stars of our local sample are characterised based on values 0 ≤ e ≤ 0.32, 0 ≤ e′ ≤ 0.09, andzmax = 0.7 kpc. Disc stars satisfy 0 ≤ e ≤ 0.44, 0 ≤ e′ ≤ 0.18,zmax = 1.5 kpc. The maximum vertical peculiar velocity for disc stars is found to bew0 = 115 km s−1. The assumed potential provides a stellar density of the disc vanishing atz0 = 1.8 kpc. The approximate behaviour in the local disc is that a small decrease in the stiffness is associated with a relative decrease in the limiting velocity, which produces a thinner disc and a loss of stars in the local cylinder, both in a similar proportion to the limiting velocity.
Multi-wavelength VLTI study of the puffed-up inner rim of a circumbinary disc
Authors: Corporaal A. , Kluska J. , Van Winckel H. , Bollen D. , Kamath D. , Min M.
Published: June 2021

Context. The presence of stable, compact circumbinary discs of gas and dust around post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) binary systems has been well established. We focus on one such system, IRAS 08544−4431.

Aims. We present an interferometric multi-wavelength analysis of the circumstellar environment of IRAS 08544−4431. The aim is to constrain different contributions to the total flux in the H-, K-, L-, and N-bands in the radial direction.

Methods. The data obtained with the three current instruments on the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), VLTI/PIONIER, VLTI/GRAVITY, and VLTI/MATISSE, range from the near-infrared, where the post-AGB star dominates, to the mid-infrared, where the disc dominates. We fitted the following two geometric models to the visibility data to reproduce the circumbinary disc: a ring with a Gaussian width and a flat disc model with a temperature gradient. The flux contributions from the disc, the primary star (modelled as a point source), and an over-resolved component were recovered along with the radial size of the emission, the temperature of the disc as a function of radius, and the spectral dependencies of the different components.

Results. The trends of all visibility data were well reproduced with the geometric models. The near-infrared data were best fitted with a Gaussian ring model, while the mid-infrared data favoured a temperature gradient model. This implies that a vertical structure is present at the disc inner rim, which we attribute to a rounded puffed-up inner rim. The N-to-K size ratio is 2.8, referring to a continuous flat source, analogues to young stellar objects.

Conclusions. By combining optical interferometric instruments operating at different wavelengths, we can resolve the complex structure of circumstellar discs and study the wavelength-dependent opacity profile. A detailed radial, vertical, and azimuthal structural analysis awaits a radiative transfer treatment in 3D to capture all non-radial complexity.
Multistage development of a hydrothermal W deposit during the Variscan late-orogenic evolution: the Puy-les-Vignes breccia pipe (Massif Central, France)
Authors: Harlaux Matthieu , Marignac Christian , Mercadier Julien , Poujol Marc , Boiron Marie-Christine , Kouzmanov Kalin , Camacho Alfredo , Alikouss Saïda , Roméo Benjamin , Mouthier Bernard , Cuney Michel
Published: June 2021

The Puy-les-Vignes W deposit, located in the northwestern French Massif Central (FMC), is a rare occurrence of a wolframite-mineralized hydrothermal breccia pipe hosted in high-grade metamorphic gneisses. We present an integrated study of this deposit aiming to characterize the ore-forming hydrothermal system in link with the Variscan late-orogenic evolution of the FMC. Based on a set of representative samples from the host rocks and mineralization, we describe a detailed paragenetic sequence and we provide the major and trace element geochemistry of the granitic rocks and W–Nb–Ta–Sn–Ti oxide minerals, in situ U/Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and a fluid inclusion study of quartz and wolframite. We demonstrate that the formation of this W-mineralized breccia pipe results from a multistage development related to four major episodes during the late Carboniferous. The first episode corresponds to the emplacement of an unexposed peraluminous granite at ca. 324 Ma, which generated microgranite dykes exposed at the present-day surface. The second episode is the formation of the quartz-supported breccia pipe and wolframite mineralization at ca. 318 Ma at a paleodepth of 7 km. The mineralizing fluids have a H2O–NaCl–CO2–CH4–N2 composition, a moderate-salinity (< 9 wt.% NaCl eq) and were trapped at high-temperatures (> 400 °C) during lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure variations caused by hydrofracturing of the host rocks. Wolframite deposition is interpreted to result from a W-rich intermediate-density magmatic fluid that exsolved from an evolved leucogranite and interacted with volatile-rich metasedimentary country rocks and/or possibly mixed with low-salinity metamorphic fluids of deep origin. The third episode corresponds to magmatic-hydrothermal Nb–Ta mineralization overprinting the W-mineralized system interpreted to be related to the intrusion at ca. 311 Ma of a rare-metal granite, which is part of a regional peraluminous rare-metal magmatism during the 315–310 Ma period. Finally, the last episode corresponds to disseminated Bi ± Au–Ag mineralization emplaced at ca. 300 Ma, which shares similar mineralogical features with late Carboniferous orogenic gold deposits in the FMC. The Puy-les-Vignes W deposit records, therefore, a multistage and long-lived development that extends over a timespan of 25 million years in a regional setting dominated by protracted peraluminous magmatism and high-temperature and low-pressure metamorphism. Although the local environment of ore deposition is atypical, our results show that the mineral assemblages, alteration styles, and fluid characteristics of the Puy-les-Vignes breccia pipe are similar to those of other peri-granitic W deposits in the FMC.
Revision Facelift and Neck Lift
Authors: Dibbs Rami P. , Chamata Edward , Ferry Andrew M. , Friedman Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2021

Facial rejuvenation procedures have become more commonly performed due to an increasing elderly population and greater general public acceptance. As a result, patients are now increasingly undergoing secondary and tertiary rhytidectomies to treat natural aging and/or to correct complications from prior procedures. Revision face and neck lifts are more complex by nature of the procedure and require a comprehensive preoperative assessment for enhanced outcomes. In this review, we discuss the preoperative evaluation, surgical challenges encountered, primary face and neck lift deformities, and their surgical management for patients undergoing secondary face and neck lifts.
Revision Breast Augmentation
Authors: Denney Brad D. , Cohn Alvin B. , Bosworth Jeremy W. , Kumbla Pallavi A.
Published: June 2021

Breast augmentation is consistently one of the most commonly performed aesthetic operations every year. Unfortunately, revision rates following primary augmentation remain as high as 36%. There are several causes for revision breast augmentation; however, the most common and challenging of these include capsular contracture, implant malposition, and ptosis of the aging breast following augmentation. Successful management of these problems requires knowledge on how to best treat the implant and capsule with the corresponding soft tissue simultaneously. While surgical management is important, understanding the pathological causes of these entities during the primary operation can reduce the need for revision. This article utilizes the most up-to-date literature to review the appropriate clinical evaluation and surgical management of these complex cases.
The longitudinal plasma modes in mDM-plasma system
Authors: Xiong Y. Z. , Chen H. , Liu S. Q.
Published: June 2021

In the present paper, the dispersions and Landau damping of the ion acoustic waves in the dark plasma system with non-extensive distributed millicharged dark matter particles are investigated under the kinetic theory regimes. The result shows that the peculiarities of the Landau damping of the waves depend on the parameter q of the distribution function. However, the growth rate due to the streaming dark matter is acutely tiny compared to the damping rates arising from the electrons and ions. As a result, both Maxwellian and non-extensive distributions are strongly damped by the dark matter. Hence, the waves cannot be stimulated yet.
Beam wavefront retrieval by convoluted spatial spectral benchmark
Authors: Deng Xuewei , Huang Xiaoxia , Wang Deen , Yang Ying , Zhang Xin , Hu Dongxia
Published: June 2021

We propose a method for retrieving a beam wavefront from its near-field intensity distribution after a 4f system by simply inserting a benchmark at the Fourier plane. Through a convolution of the mark-blocked spatial frequency component and the original optical field with the 4f system, the separation between the focus of any sub-aperture and the benchmark can be determined to reconstruct the beam wavefront. Theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate the validity of this method, which has potential applications in real-time wavefront sensing.
Study of quasimonoenergetic electron bunch generation in self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration using TW or sub-TW ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Maldonado E. P. , Samad R. E. , Bonatto A. , Nunes R. P. , Banerjee S. , Vieira N. D.
Published: June 2021

This work presents a study on laser wakefield electron acceleration in the self-modulated regime (SM-LWFA) using 50-fs laser pulses with energy on the mJ scale, at λ = 0.8 µm, impinging on a thin H2 gas jet. Particle-in-cell simulations were performed using laser peak powers ranging from sub-terawatt to a few terawatts and plasma densities varying from the relativistic self-focusing threshold up to values close to the critical density. The differences in the obtained acceleration processes are discussed. Results show that bunched electron beams with full charge on the nC scale and kinetic energy in the MeV range can be produced and configurations with peak density in the range 0.5–5 × 1020 atoms/cm3 generate electrons with maximum energies. In this range, some simulations generated quasimonoenergetic bunches with ∼0.5% of the total accelerated charge and we show that the beam characteristics, process dynamics, and operational parameters are close to those expected for the blowout regime. The configurations that led to quasimonoenergetic bunches from the sub-TW SM-LWFA regime allow the use of laser systems with repetition rates in the kHz range, which can be beneficial for practical applications.
Optimization of process parameters for thermal shock resistance and thermal barrier effects of 8YSZ thermal barrier coatings through orthogonal test
Authors: Wu Shuo , Zhao Yuantao , Li Wenge , Liu Weilai , Wu Yanpeng , Liu Fukang
Published: June 2021

The thermal shock resistance and the thermal barrier effects are the key indices for thermal barrier coating (TBC) performances. The performance optimization of 7∼8 wt. % Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (7∼8YSZ) TBCs is a research focus at present. In this work, an orthogonal test was employed to study the relationship between parameters and performances and match process parameters for TBCs preparation. The scanning electron microscope was employed to analyze the microstructures of 8YSZ TBCs. The thermal shock resistance test and thermal barrier effect test were conducted to judge the performances of 8YSZ TBCs. It was found that the process factor had the greatest influences on porosity and elastic modulus was spraying distance and the factor had the greatest influence on bond strength was spraying power. The selected parameters were a spraying distance of 90 mm, an argon flow of 32 L/min, a hydrogen flow of 8 L/min, an electric current of 550 A, a spraying power of 35 kW, a feeding rate of 45 g/min, and a substrate preheating temperature of 373 K. The thermal shock life was ∼100 times under 1173∼298 K, and the thermal barrier temperature of optimized 8YSZ TBCs with thicknesses of 250 and 300 µm was ∼90 and ∼130 K under 1473 K, respectively. Through a comparative study, both thermal shock resistance and thermal barrier effects of 8YSZ TBCs were improved after process parameters’ optimization conducted by this method.
Activated microglia mitigate Aβ-associated tau seeding and spreading
Authors: Gratuze Maud , Chen Yun , Parhizkar Samira , Jain Nimansha , Strickland Michael R. , Serrano Javier Remolina , Colonna Marco , Ulrich Jason D. , Holtzman David M.
Published: June 2021

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models, AD risk variants in the microglial-expressed TREM2 gene decrease Aβ plaque–associated microgliosis and increase neuritic dystrophy as well as plaque-associated seeding and spreading of tau aggregates. Whether this Aβ-enhanced tau seeding/spreading is due to loss of microglial function or a toxic gain of function in TREM2-deficient microglia is unclear. Depletion of microglia in mice with established brain amyloid has no effect on amyloid but results in less spine and neuronal loss. Microglial repopulation in aged mice improved cognitive and neuronal deficits. In the context of AD pathology, we asked whether microglial removal and repopulation decreased Aβ-driven tau seeding and spreading. We show that both TREM2KO and microglial ablation dramatically enhance tau seeding and spreading around plaques. Interestingly, although repopulated microglia clustered around plaques, they had a reduction in disease-associated microglia (DAM) gene expression and elevated tau seeding/spreading. Together, these data suggest that TREM2-dependent activation of the DAM phenotype is essential in delaying Aβ-induced pathological tau propagation.
Improved pulsed field magnetisation in MgB2 trapped-field magnets
Authors: Moseley D A , Matthews G A B , Zhou D , Cientanni V , Tsui Y , Ainslie M D , Speller S , Durrell J H
Published: June 2021

Bulk superconductors can act as trapped-field magnets with the potential to be used for many applications such as portable medical magnet systems and rotating machines. Maximising the trapped field, particularly for practical magnetisation techniques such as pulsed field magnetisation (PFM), still remains a challenge. PFM is a dynamic process in which the magnetic field is driven into a superconducting bulk over milliseconds. This flux motion causes heating and a complex interplay between the magnetic and thermal properties. In this work, the local flux density during PFM in a MgB2 bulk superconductor has been studied. We find that improving the cooling architecture increases the flux trapping capabilities and alters the flux motion during PFM. These improvements lead to the largest trapped field (0.95 T) for a single MgB2 bulk sample magnetised by a solenoidal pulsed field magnet. The findings illustrate the fundamental role bulk cooling plays during PFM.
Cosmological gravity on all scales. Part II. Model independent modified gravity N-body simulations
Authors: Srinivasan Sankarshana , Thomas Daniel B. , Pace Francesco , Battye Richard
Published: June 2021

Model-independent constraints on modified gravity models hitherto exist mainly on linear scales [1]. A recently developed formalism presented a consistent parameterisation that is valid on all scales [2]. Using this approach, we perform model-independent modified gravity N-body simulations on all cosmological scales with a time-dependent μ. We present convergence tests of our simulations, and we examine how well existing fitting functions reproduce the non-linear matter power spectrum of the simulations. We find that although there is a significant variation in the accuracy of all of the fitting functions over the parameter space of our simulations, the ReACT [3] framework delivers the most consistent performance for the matter power spectrum. We comment on how this might be improved to the level required for future surveys such as Euclid and the Vera Rubin Telescope (LSST). We also show how to compute weak-lensing observables consistently from the simulated matter power spectra in our approach, and show that ReACT also performs best when fitting the weak-lensing observables. This paves the way for a full model-independent test of modified gravity using all of the data from such upcoming surveys.
Structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of Ni-Zn ferrite and Bi2O3 nanocomposites prepared by the sol-gel method*
Authors: Han Jinmiao , Sun Li , Cao Ensi , Hao Wentao , Zhang Yongjia , Ju Lin
Published: June 2021

Ni–Zn ferrite and Bi2O3 composites were developed by the sol-gel method. The structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties were studied for all the prepared samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to study the crystal structure. The results of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that the addition of Bi2O3 can increase the grain size of the Ni–Zn ferrite. Magnetic properties were analyzed by a hysteresis loop test and it was found that the saturation magnetization and coercivity decreased with the increase of Bi2O3 ratio. In addition, the dielectric properties of the Ni–Zn ferrite were also improved with the addition of Bi2O3.
Define of effective process working combine mixing system
Authors: Yu Suslov D , Temnikov D O
Published: June 2021

Biogas technologies as an alternative energy source are widespread in the EU countries. But on the territory of the Russian Federation, this process is poorly understood. Since the potential from the use of biogas technologies is significant, a combined substrate mixing system has been proposed. Computer simulation of various mixing parameters was carried out and optimal modes were determined. As a result of a series of computational experiments, it was found that the developed mixing system allows the mixing time to be doubled in comparison with the traditional mechanical mixing system in a cylindrical bioreactor. At the same time, the uniformity of mixing is 16% higher. The volume of stagnant zones is 2.72 times lower. The obtained results give grounds to assume about a possible improvement of the habitat for microorganisms and, as a consequence, an increase in the rate of their distribution in the bi-oreactor, which in turn increases the rate of fermentation and the volume of biogas produced.
Regularities of distribution of the relative air humidity in the volume textile fiber material in the production of yarn
Authors: Koshev A N , Eremkin A I , Averkin A G , Rodionov Y V
Published: June 2021

Methods for calculating the moistening of textile fibers in the process of yarn production when processing with conditioned air with certain technological parameters based on mathematical modeling and numerical methods are presented. There are appropriate mathematical models, adequately describing the process of distribution of the relative air humidity in the porous medium under consideration. A mathematical model of the process of moistening porous of a textile material in the form of the Cauchy problem for a second-order differential equation for the purpose of numerical modeling of the change in the relative humidity of conditioned air in the volume of a compactly formed semi-finished product of textile production. The classical instability of the problem is shown, methods of its solution are considered, the problem is numerically solved for various options of technological conditions for organizing the humidification process. Numerical calculations have shown that the relative humidity of the air flow decreases monotonically with distance from the surface to a certain limiting value. At the same time, an increase in the specific surface area of a capillary-porous medium leads to a more intense drop in the relative humidity of the conditioned air in a moving air stream. The results of numerical studies show that with an increase in the flow rate of conditioned air, the depth of penetration of moisture into the volume of a porous medium increases, i.e. more moisture settles on the last layers of the volume. Consequently, to optimize the process, one should choose an air flow rate that provides a sufficient intensity of material moistening with deep penetration of moisture into the volume of a porous medium. Mathematical models of changes in the air flow rate in the volume of a porous medium according to linear and exonential laws are presented. It is shown that taking into account the drop in velocity according to the exponential law allows one to obtain good agreement between the calculated and experimental data. Physical and mathematical modeling of the non-stationary process of moisture distribution in a textile material during its humidification with conditioned air for the case of diffusion kinetics of the humidification reaction in the form of a boundary value problem for the diffusion equation has been carried out. On the basis of physical concepts of the processes occurring at the boundary of a porous medium and in its volume, modeling equations and boundary conditions for the problem of calculating the unsteady distribution of moisture in a porous medium are formulated.