bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding fertility behavior of the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals in Bangladesh: A qualitative study
Authors: Hossain Md. Anwer , Hossain Mohammad Bellal
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Rohingya- the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN)- are largely characterized by a high total fertility rate (TFR) and a low contraceptive prevalence rate. This study aimed to explore the reasons behind their high fertility behavior by utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Data and method

We adopted a cross-sectional qualitative research approach. Fifteen semi-structured, face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with the Rohingya husbands, wives, and community leaders (Majhi and Imam/Khatib) living in Camps 1 and 2 of Ukhiya Refugee Camp, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. We analyzed the qualitative data using the thematic analysis approach.

Results

The Muslim-majority FDMN predominantly constructed the fertility outcome as the will and order of Allah. On the one hand, the Rohingya parents highlighted various religious, political, economic, and social advantages of having more children, especially sons. On the other hand, beliefs about religious restriction, fear of side effects, and community pressure against contraception sustained the reality of the low contraceptive prevalence rate in the community. Alarmingly, the Rohingya religious leaders and mass people were found highly politically motivated to continue the practice of high fertility with a view to ’expanding the Rohingya community’ or ’to increase Muslim soldiers’, so that they may fight back and take control of their ancestors’ place in Myanmar in the future. Furthermore, these pronatalist attitudes and beliefs translated into high TFR through various high-fertility-supportive social norms and practices widely prevalent in the Rohingya community. These include child marriage, gendered division of labor, women’s subordinate nature, the Purdah system, and joint-family members’ support during childbirth and rearing.

Conclusion

Religion, ethnic identity, and the unique political context and experiences of the Rohingya people jointly explain their high fertility behavior. This study warrants the urgency of initiating social and behavior change communication programs to change the religiopolitically-motivated high-fertility notions that prevailed in the Rohingya community.
Assessing the heterogeneity in the transmission of infectious diseases from time series of epidemiological data
Authors: Schneckenreither Günter , Herrmann Lukas , Reisenhofer Rafael , Popper Niki , Grohs Philipp
Published: May 2023

Structural features and the heterogeneity of disease transmissions play an essential role in the dynamics of epidemic spread. But these aspects can not completely be assessed from aggregate data or macroscopic indicators such as the effective reproduction number. We propose in this paper an index of effective aggregate dispersion (EffDI) that indicates the significance of infection clusters and superspreading events in the progression of outbreaks by carefully measuring the level of relative stochasticity in time series of reported case numbers using a specially crafted statistical model for reproduction. This allows to detect potential transitions from predominantly clustered spreading to a diffusive regime with diminishing significance of singular clusters, which can be a decisive turning point in the progression of outbreaks and relevant in the planning of containment measures. We evaluate EffDI for SARS-CoV-2 case data in different countries and compare the results with a quantifier for the socio-demographic heterogeneity in disease transmissions in a case study to substantiate that EffDI qualifies as a measure for the heterogeneity in transmission dynamics.
Effects of physical activity on Chinese overseas students’ mental health during the COVID-19: A multi-country cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Nie Yingjun , Ma Yuanyan , Yao Xiaozhi , Gao Yijia , Zheng Xiangping
Published: May 2023

Background

COVID-19 caused severe effects on the psychological well-being of Chinese students overseas (COS). Physical activity (PA) is critical to strengthen immunity, prevent infection, and reduce the psychological burden caused by COVID-19. However, there is a severe lack of effective PA intervention for mental health in most countries, and COS have limited access to mental healthcare during the pandemic.

Objective

We aim to examine the effects of PA on COS’ mental health during the pandemic abroad and to better understand that certain types of PA might be associated with a greater reduction in psychological burdens during the pandemic.

Methods and results

In a multi-country cross-sectional analysis, a questionnaire was distributed to COS living in 37 foreign countries via WeChat Subscription using a snowball sampling strategy. A total of 10,846 participants were included. Descriptive statistics and Binary logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. We found that COS had negative psychology during the pandemic, especially with fear (2.90, 95% CI 2.88−2.92), anxiety (2.84, 95% CI 2.82−2.85), and stress (2.71, 95% CI 2.69−2.73). PA had meaningful effects on reducing COS self-reported mental health burdens (3.42, 95% CI 3.41–3.44) during the pandemic. The largest associations were seen for recreational and home-based PA (i.e., family games, home aerobic exercise), individual outdoor PA (i.e., walking or running, rope skipping), and PA with a duration of 30 to 70 min per session at frequencies of 4 to 6 times and a total of 150 to 330 min of moderate and vigorous intensity per week tends to be an optimal choice during social distancing times.

Conclusions

COS had several poor mental health conditions during the pandemic. The improvement of PA on COS’ psychology was positively effective during the pandemic. Specific types, intensities, durations, and frequencies of PA might have advantages over others for improving COS’ mental health during periods of public health emergencies, and the topic may merit interventional study to reveal multiple factors causing COS’ psychological burdens and enrich the PA forms for all COS’ mental health improvement (i.e., infected, recovered, and asymptomatic COS).
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein diversity at an intra-host level, among SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals in South Africa, 2020 to 2022
Authors: Subramoney Kathleen , Mtileni Nkhensani , Davis Ashlyn , Giandhari Jennifer , Tegally Houriiyah , Wilkinson Eduan , Naidoo Yeshnee , Ramphal Yajna , Pillay Sureshnee , Ramphal Upasana , Simane Andiswa , Reddy Bhaveshan , Mashishi Bonolo , Mbenenge Nonhlanhla , de Oliveira Tulio , Fielding Burtram C. , Treurnicht Florette K.
Published: May 2023

Intra-host diversity studies are used to characterise the mutational heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 infections in order to understand the impact of virus-host adaptations. This study investigated the frequency and diversity of the spike (S) protein mutations within SARS-CoV-2 infected South African individuals. The study included SARS-CoV-2 respiratory samples, from individuals of all ages, received at the National Health Laboratory Service at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic hospital, Gauteng, South Africa, from June 2020 to May 2022. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays and whole genome sequencing were performed on a random selection of SARS-CoV-2 positive samples. The allele frequency (AF) was determined using TaqMan Genotyper software for SNP PCR analysis and galaxy.eu for analysis of FASTQ reads from sequencing. The SNP assays identified 5.3% (50/948) of Delta cases with heterogeneity at delY144 (4%; 2/50), E484Q (6%; 3/50), N501Y (2%; 1/50) and P681H (88%; 44/50), however only heterogeneity for E484Q and delY144 were confirmed by sequencing. From sequencing we identified 9% (210/2381) of cases with Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2.15, and BA.4 lineages that had heterogeneity in the S protein. Heterogeneity was primarily identified at positions 19 (1.4%) with T19IR (AF 0.2–0.7), 371 (92.3%) with S371FP (AF 0.1–1.0), and 484 (1.9%) with E484AK (0.2–0.7), E484AQ (AF 0.4–0.5) and E484KQ (AF 0.1–0.4). Mutations at heterozygous amino acid positions 19, 371 and 484 are known antibody escape mutations, however the impact of the combination of multiple substitutions identified at the same position is unknown. Therefore, we hypothesise that intra-host SARS-CoV-2 quasispecies with heterogeneity in the S protein facilitate competitive advantage of variants that can completely/partially evade host’s natural and vaccine-induced immune responses.
Psychiatric disorders comorbid with general medical illnesses and functional somatic disorders: The Lifelines cohort study
Authors: Creed Francis
Published: May 2023

Objective

It is not clear why psychiatric disorders are more prevalent in the functional somatic syndromes than other general medical illnesses. This study assessed the correlates of psychiatric disorders in 3 functional syndromes and 3 general medical illnesses in a population-based sample.

Methods

The Lifelines cohort study included 122,366 adults with relevant data for 6 self-reported conditions: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and diabetes. For each condition the proportion with a DSM-IV psychiatric disorder was assessed. In a cross-sectional design, logistic regression identified at baseline the variables most closely associated with current psychiatric disorder in participants with a pre-existing medical or functional condition. In a separate analysis the prevalence of psychiatric disorder prior to onset of these conditions was assessed. This was a longitudinal study with psychiatric disorder assessed at baseline in participants who subsequently developed a general medical or functional condition between baseline and follow-up.

Results

The prevalence of psychiatric disorder was higher (17–27%) in the functional somatic syndromes than the general medical illnesses (10.4–11.7%). The variables closely associated with psychiatric disorder were similar in the functional syndromes and general medical illnesses: stressful life events, chronic personal health difficulties, neuroticism, poor perception of general health, impairment of function due to physical illness and reported previous (lifetime) psychiatric disorder. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder prior to development of these disorder was similar to that of established disorders.

Conclusion

Despite the difference in prevalence, the correlates of psychiatric disorders were similar in functional and general medical disorders and included predisposing and environmental factors. The increased rate of psychiatric disorder in functional somatic syndromes appears to be evident before onset of the syndrome.
Delay reduction in MTC using SDN based offloading in Fog computing
Authors: Arefian Zahra , Khayyambashi Mohammad Reza , Movahhedinia Naser
Published: May 2023

Fog computing (FC) brings a Cloud close to users and improves the quality of service and delay services. In this article, the convergence of FC and Software-Defined-Networking (SDN) has been proposed to implement complicated mechanisms of resource management. SDN has suited the practical standard for FC systems. The priority and differential flow space allocation have been applied to arrange this framework for the heterogeneous request in Machine-Type-Communications. The delay-sensitive flows are assigned to a configuration of priority queues on each Fog. Due to limited resources in the Fog, a promising solution is offloading flows to other Fogs through a decision-based SDN controller. The flow-based Fog nodes have been modeled according to the queueing theory, where polling priority algorithms have been applied to service the flows and to reduce the starvation problem in a multi-queueing model. It is observed that the percentage of delay-sensitive processed flows, the network consumption, and the average service time in the proposed mechanism are improved by about 80%, 65%, and 60%, respectively, compared to traditional Cloud computing. Therefore, the delay reductions based on the types of flows and task offloading is proposed.
Exclusive breastfeeding among beneficiaries of a nutrition enhancement programme and its associated factors in Ghana
Authors: Adokiya Martin Nyaaba , Bukari Mohammed , Ndago Joyce A. , Kuganab-Lem Robert B. , Garti Humphrey , Konlan Matthew Y. , Amoasah Amata Atinlie , Ali Zakari
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Despite the gains on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), recent nationwide surveys have consistently revealed a decline in EBF rates in Ghana. The World Food Programme implemented an intervention for Enhanced Nutrition and Value Chain (ENVAC) which was based on three pillars including pregnant women, lactating women, adolescent and children under two years old being beneficiaries of the third pillar since the first 1000 days are critical for averting malnutrition. The social behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions implemented as part of this project have a potential to increase EBF among beneficiaries but this has not been measured. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence of EBF practice among mothers with children under two years old who were beneficiaries of the ENVAC project and its associated factors in northern Ghana.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study involving 339 mother-child pairs in two districts of the northern region of Ghana. Participants were mother-child pairs who benefitted from the ENVAC project, which used SBCC strategies to promote good feeding and care practices as well as address other causes of malnutrition during antenatal care and child welfare clinic services among pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children under two years. We used WHO standard questionnaire to assess breastfeeding practices. Factors associated with EBF were modelled using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Exclusive breastfeeding was 74.6% (95%CI = 69.5% -79.2%) in the ENVAC project areas, a 31.7% points higher than recent national levels. Adjusted analyses showed that EBF practice was associated with increasing maternal education: moderately educated women [aOR = 4.1 (95% CI = 2.17–7.66), P<0.001], and high [aOR = 9.15, (95% CI = 3.3–25.36), P<0.001], and access to pipe-borne water in households [aOR = 2.87, (95% CI = 1.11–7.43), P = 0.029].

Conclusion

A social behaviour change communication strategy implemented by ENVAC to lactating mothers likely improved exclusive breastfeeding practice in two districts of northern Ghana. EBF practices were higher among beneficiaries with high education and households with access to pipe-borne water. A combination of SBCC strategies and maternal and household factors are likely the best way to increase EBF rates in impoverished communities and warrants further investigation through future research.
Allosteric regulation of Senecavirus A 3Cpro proteolytic activity by an endogenous phospholipid
Authors: Zhao Hai-Fan , Meng Liang , Geng Zhi , Gao Zeng-Qiang , Dong Yu-Hui , Wang Hai-Wei , Zhang Heng
Published: May 2023

Seneca virus A (SVA) is an emerging novel picornavirus that has recently been identified as the causative agent of many cases of porcine vesicular diseases in multiple countries. In addition to cleavage of viral polyprotein, the viral 3C protease (3Cpro) plays an important role in the regulation of several physiological processes involved in cellular antiviral responses by cleaving critical cellular proteins. Through a combination of crystallography, untargeted lipidomics, and immunoblotting, we identified the association of SVA 3Cpro with an endogenous phospholipid molecule, which binds to a unique region neighboring the proteolytic site of SVA 3Cpro. Our lipid-binding assays showed that SVA 3Cpro displayed preferred binding to cardiolipin (CL), followed by phosphoinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) and sulfatide. Importantly, we found that the proteolytic activity of SVA 3Cpro was activated in the presence of the phospholipid, and the enzymatic activity is inhibited when the phospholipid-binding capacity decreased. Interestingly, in the wild-type SVA 3Cpro-substrate peptide structure, the cleavage residue cannot form a covalent binding to the catalytic cysteine residue to form the acyl-enzyme intermediate observed in several picornaviral 3Cpro structures. We observed a decrease in infectivity titers of SVA mutants harboring mutations that impaired the lipid-binding ability of 3Cpro, indicating a positive regulation of SVA infection capacity mediated by phospholipids. Our findings reveal a mutual regulation between the proteolytic activity and phospholipid-binding capacity in SVA 3Cpro, suggesting that endogenous phospholipid may function as an allosteric activator that regulate the enzyme’s proteolytic activity during infection.
Iskolázottsági egyenlőtlenségek – és ami mögöttük van
Authors: Polónyi István
Published: May 2023

A tanulmány a 21. században a hazai és a fejlett országok, elsősorban az Európai Unió országai lakosságának iskolai végzettségében mutatkozó egyenlőtlenségeket elemzi. Megvizsgálja az országok között az egyenlőtlenségben tapasztalható különbségek egyik lehetséges okát, rámutatva a középfokú iskolázottság arányaiban tapasztalható különbségekre, a posztszocialista országok népességének ezen a területen tapasztalható magasabb arányaira. Megállapítja, hogy a posztszocialista országokban a középfokú képzettség magasabb aránya a középfokú szakképzettség magas oktatáspolitikai preferálásból adódik, ami részben ezen országok újraiparosítási politikájából következik, részben az államszocialista múlt öröksége. Az írás rávilágít az iskolázottsági egyenlőtlenségek és a keresetegyenlőtlenségek kapcsolatára is. Befejezésül a tanulmány felhívja a figyelmet arra, hogy félő, hogy ez az oktatáspolitika több kedvezőtlen hatással fog járni: részint a keresetegyenlőségek magasabb szintjével, részint a humánerőforrások fejlettségének a fejlett országokól történő elmaradásával.
Incarceration experience at older ages. Does employment protect against recidivism?
Authors: Błędowski Piotr , Felczak Joanna , Gałecka-Burdziak Ewa , Góra Marek
Published: May 2023

We investigate whether employment protects against and/or postpones recidivism among males who committed their first crime late in life. We use administrative data on 34,401 individuals, 44% of whom were employed at least once during the analysed period. We apply a multi-state model and difference in-differences approach. The results of the multi-state model indicate that employment reduced the risk of recidivism by 7% for those who were at risk of a second incarceration. On the other hand, employment increased the probability of subsequent recidivism by 8-10% for those who were at risk of a third or fourth incarceration. Our results suggest that institutional interventions should seek to increase the labour market attachment of former prisoners, and, in particular, should focus on ex-offenders with only one conviction. Being attached to the labour force seems to matter more, the fewer imprisonment spells an individual has experienced.
Socially relevant factors of organizational mortality of enterprises: context of corporate sustainability in European countries
Authors: Dotsenko Tetiana , Dvořák Marek , Lyeonov Serhiy , Kovács Attila
Published: May 2023

The business-demographic problem of organizational mortality of enterprises is considered an essential area of social welfare in a society. It affects the lives and activities of many people and their organizations, as well as the corporate sustainability and the overall socioeconomic situation in the country. The study aims to determine relevant factors influencing the organizational mortality of enterprises from the group of social indicators by using data mining methods. The paper identifies the most influential among such social factors, using the Sigma-restricted parameterization method and correlation analysis. The significance of these social factors is explored through the univariate tests, the Pareto chart of t-values, and a correlation matrix of their interdependence. The factors’ force and areas of the influence have been quantified. A model of a linear relationship in multiple regression between organizational mortality of enterprises and relevant social factors is constructed using the ordinary least squares method (OLS method). Meanwhile, a graph of the normal distribution of residuals is built for an analogous linear regression model. The research results highlight the problematic social aspects and factors of enterprises’ activity for corporate sustainability, suggesting a practical use for the calculated dependencies between relevant indicators. The application of the methodology will make it possible to influence the pattern of entrepreneurial activity in developing countries to reduce the national economic downturn.
The power of the place we live: What roles do home and the community play in well-being?
Authors: Lőrincz Katalin , Kiss Kornélia , Banász Zsuzsanna
Published: May 2023

The place where we live has a significant impact on the way we live, feel and assess our lives. Housing conditions, the characteristics of the neighborhood around the dwelling or of the community, and commuting conditions have a relationship with the multidimensional construct of well-being. This paper examines the roles that home and the community play in well-being. Background literature on quality of life, well-being and its domains and the role of the place where we live is interpreted in the paper. The empirical analysis aims to describe the relationships between home and well-being and the community and well-being. The quantitative method used to conduct this investigation included a representative survey in Hungary. Our results confirm previous research findings in many areas (weak or moderate significant relationships between some sociodemographic and other often-examined well-being domains and well-being) and identify weak and positive significant relationships between home and well-being and the community and well-being. The overall well-being of the Hungarian population is significantly influenced by their attachment to their community.
Is there happiness in money? An attitudinal study of native Lithuanian speakers
Authors: Kačerauskas Tomas , Valantinaitė Ilona
Published: May 2023

The paper considers the different notions of happiness known since antiquity, such as the Greek concepts of harmonia, eudaimonia, makarioi, and hēdonē, and explores the factors of happiness. The aim of this research is to form a more complete understanding of Lithuanian speakers and their attitude(s) towards happiness. The research surveyed 210 Lithuanian speakers aged 15 to 35 who were residing in Lithuania, France, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The analysis shows that today people’s individualism reveals itself through gender differences. The list of factors determining happiness is shorter for men than it is for women, and men have one distinctive factor for happiness – friends. The respondents of both genders valued health, family and love the highest, however, the other factors for happiness reveal gender differences. Women need several happiness-determining factors at the same time, which conforms to the psychological nature of women as gatherers, whereas men create their happiness in a more specific, more focused and less scattered way.
Returns to human capital in a developing country: A pseudo-panel approach for Colombia
Authors: Mora Jhon J. , Herrera Diana Y. , Álvarez Juan F. , Arroyo Jose S.
Published: May 2023

This article analyzes the recent returns to human capital in Colombia. Using a pseudo-panel approach, the results show a human capital return of 9.7% from 2016 to 2020. Comparisons with previous data show a reduction of approximately 5 p.p. in return on human capital. Our results show the importance of investing in Colombia’s human capital due to the positive externalities compared to other forms of investment in Colombia. Also, we find statistically significant differences between men and women; Around 2 percentage points (p.p.). A more effective public policy is needed to correct these disparities, despite Colombia's public policies such as equal pay for equal work or advances in equal parental leave.
Willingness to pay for sustainable hotel services as a perspective of pro-environmental behaviors of hotel guests
Authors: Puciato Daniel , Szromek Adam R. , Bugdol Marek
Published: May 2023

Pro-environmental behaviors foster hotel sustainability, including the achievement of environmental goals. The willingness to pay more for sustainable hotel services should be considered a key pro-environmental behavior. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between hotel guests' willingness to pay more for sustainable services in regard to their pro-environmental behavior and selected socioeconomic characteristics. Two main research methods were used: a systematic literature review and a diagnostic survey. A total of 1317 questionnaires were collected from guests of six Polish hotels. The relationship between guests' willingness to pay more for sustainable hotel services and their environmental beliefs was observed. Relationships (positive and negative) between pro-environmental (mitigating) behaviors and willingness to pay higher costs for sustainable services were also noted. Moreover, guests with a higher financial status and education as well as younger guests were found to be more likely to accept higher prices for sustainable hotel services.
Relationship between gender equality, employees‘ perception of distributive justice and wellbeing in EU: The effect of gender and management position
Authors: Stelmokienė Aurelija , Jarašiūnaitė-Fedosejeva Gabija , Kravčenko Karina
Published: May 2023

We aim to evaluate relationships between gender equality, perceived distributive justice and wellbeing in the European Union (the EU). Further, this study includes an analysis of the moderating effects of gender and management position on the gender equality-distributive justice and distributive justice-wellbeing relationships. European Social Survey (ESS) Round 9 (2018/19) data file edition 3.1 was used for data analysis. Using probability sampling, ESS Round 9 data were collected in 27 European countries through computer-assisted personal (face-to-face) interviewing. The sample of this study consisted of 20 013 respondents (49.3% female) aged 18 and older (mean age – 44.8 years, std. dev. – 12.365) from 23 European Union countries. Results showed that a higher level of gender equality at work was related to higher employees’ satisfaction with life. Perceived job opportunities mediated the relationship between gender equality at work and employees’ satisfaction with life. Employees’ gender and management position moderated the relationship between perceived job opportunities and satisfaction with life. However, neither employees’ gender nor management position moderated the relationship between gender equality at work and perceived job opportunities.
Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental à Seca no Seridó Potiguar, Brasil: Construindo Indicadores
Authors: De Brito Anderson Geová Maia , De Almeida Lutiane Queiroz
Published: May 2023

Imprecisa no espaço-tempo e com efeitos danosos, a seca enquanto fenômeno histórico-natural e de alta complexidade, tem afligido secularmente a população da Região do Seridó Potiguar, localizada no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil. A região, de relevância estadual, está inserida no semiárido brasileiro. Realidade esta que produz conflitos socioespaciais, socioeconômicos e político-institucionais. Considerando isto e que a seca no século XXI continua a tomar proporções de desastre e causar prejuízos aos sistemas humanos, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo oferecer um panorama parcial da vulnerabilidade socioambiental da região do Seridó à seca, a partir de sete municípios-chave, Bodó, Caicó, Currais Novos, Ipueira, Jardim de Piranhas, Jucurutu e Parelhas, para os quais foi aplicado o Índice de Vulnerabilidade à Seca (IVS), composto pelos subíndices de Exposição, Susceptibilidade e Capacidade Adaptativa a partir de variáveis de ordem socioeconômica e físico-ambiental, as quais foram equacionadas, classificadas e representadas cartograficamente pela composição RGB de cores. Feito isso e analisados os resultados, verificou-se que os municípios se encontram em faixa de baixa a moderada vulnerabilidade, o que se justifica pela compensação entre as próprias variáveis e os bons índices referentes a assistência social, economia mista, infraestrutura hidráulica e meios convivência com o semiárido.
El abolicionismo negro en el Caribe colombiano durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Romero Sierra Kebby , Romero Jaramillo Dolcey
Published: May 2023

La idea central a partir de la cual se estructura este artículo sugiere que si bien la desintegración final de la esclavitud y la abolición de la misma tuvo varios protagonistas, es nuestro interés visibilizar y mostrar no sólo el papel y la cuota que aportaron las personas esclavizadas en este aspecto, sino precisar con claridad cómo antes de que apareciera el abolicionismo agenciado desde el Parlamento en el contexto de la independencia, existió otro al que hemos tipificado como negro, el cual apareció al unísono con la esclavización en el siglo XVI y terminó sólo cuando se abolió la esclavitud en 1851. Por ello, esta investigación parte desde la metodología de la historia desde abajo, dado que reafirma la condición de sujetos activos de los esclavizados en el proceso de la abolición en el Caribe colombiano.
Racismo y deseo afrocaribe en la narrativa de Germán Espinosa
Authors: Araújo Fontalvo Orlando
Published: May 2023

Germán Espinosa (1938-2007) es uno de los más importantes escritores del Caribe colombiano, sin embargo, su obra sigue siendo desconocida para la mayoría de los lectores de Colombia. Por ello, este artículo ofrece, en primera instancia, un sucinto perfil del escritor cartagenero, a partir de algunas experiencias significativas que ayudan a comprender las distintas tomas de posición que se aprecian en su proyecto narrativo. Seguidamente, se profundiza en cuestiones como los vínculos de la memoria, la historia afrocaribe, tantas veces invisibilizada, los problemas de la esclavitud y el racismo. Por último, se analiza en detalle el papel transgresor del deseo y el erotismo en algunos de sus cuentos, así como en su novela más famosa.
La “Perla de Sabanas”. Los imaginarios urbanos de Sincelejo entre 1912 y 1950
Authors: Martinez Osorio Gilberto Emiro
Published: May 2023

En el presente artículo se revisan los imaginarios urbanos de la ciudad de Sincelejo, en el marco de una investigación histórica que busca entender el significado cultural de la Plaza Principal de esta ciudad entre 1912 y 1950. El estudio encuadra dentro del enfoque de la historia cultural y se utilizan, las representaciones sociales y una mirada donde la cultura se entiende como escenario de relaciones antagónicas de poder y territorialidad. Los resultados se organizaron a partir de tres líneas: la primera, la recuperación de la condición de capital de departamento en la estructura administrativa de la nación colombiana, la segunda, la integración de la ciudad dentro de un circuito carretero que articulaba las economías del territorio colombiano, y, por último, una imagen de modernidad que permitiese su reconocimiento en el contexto del mercado capitalista promovido por el estado nación sobre su territorio.
Correlation between Plasma Soluble CD36 Levels with Body Mass Index of Breast Cancer Patients in the Indonesian Population
Authors: Rachman Andhika , Irawan Cosphiadi , R.R. Aditia , Koesnoe Sukamto , Wijaya Indra
Published: May 2023

The cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a multiligand receptor protein that plays a role in lipid metabolism. Its biological functions involve lipid uptake, immune recognition, inflammation, molecular adhesion, and tumor metastasis. Soluble CD36 (sCD36) is the circulating form of CD36 in plasma. Research on the role of sCD36 in breast cancer is limited. This study aimed to investigate sCD36 concentration and evaluate the correlation between sCD36 concentration and BMI in breast cancer patients. This is a multi-center cross-sectional study done from June 2018 to February 2019 in Indonesia. Consecutive sampling was done for women with invasive breast cancer aged 18-70. Patients with locoregional recurrences, multiple comorbidities, diabetes, stroke, or liver impairment were excluded. Patients were grouped based on their BMI into normo-weight and overweight/obese. Plasma sCD36 was analyzed using Bioassay Laboratory™ ELISA. The correlation between plasma sCD36 and the patient's characteristics (metastasis status and molecular subtype) were then analyzed. A total of 76 patients were enrolled, 36 of whom were categorized into the overweight/obese group and 40 of them in the normo-weight. Plasma levels of sCD36 in breast cancer patients were higher than controls at 0.24±0.163 ng/mL and 0.46±0.175 ng/mL, respectively (p=0.006). However, no difference in plasma sCD36 levels was found between the overweight/obese group and the normo-weight breast cancer subjects (p>0.05). Plasma sCD36 increased significantly in breast cancer patients, but no significant difference was found based on body mass index. Further research is needed to determine the role of sCD36 in determining clinical outcomes and prognosis in breast cancer patients.Keywords: Soluble CD36, body mass index, breast cancer, indonesia.
Distribution and Viability of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Imatinib-resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: an In Vitro Study
Authors: Ramadhanti Julia , Utami Kharima Dwi , Bashari Muhammad Hasan , Wijaya Indra
Published: May 2023

The incidence of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in the world is approximately 1.5 cases per 100,000 individuals. The level of resistance to CML treatment, imatinib in Indonesia is relatively high compared to Europe. Culturing CML cells can be used as a model for the determination of pathogenesis of CML, drug efficacy testing, and drug resistance testing. Studies using CML patients’ cells to be cultured in vitro and the methods used are rarely varied. This study aims to examine the distribution and viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from imatinib-resistant CML patients, expected to be a reference for mononuclear cell cultures from CML patients. This study was conducted in June-August 2019 using quantitative descriptive methods. The sample was mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood of three imatinib-resistant CML patients at the Hemato-Oncology Polyclinic of Hasan Sadikin Hospital, each of which was cultured in vitro using RPMI 1640 for 28 days. Distribution were seen using Giemsa staining, while viability was calculated using trypan blue. Data is processed using Microsoft Excel 2013 and Graphpad. Cell viability decreased during culture. Cell distribution had a different development pattern. Blast cells, eosinophils and basophils had presentation of between 0-5%. The percentage of lymphocyte changed between 11-31%. The percentage of neutrophil changed between 16-41%. The percentage of immature cells decreased, whereas the percentage of monocyte increased. In conclusion, cell viability decreases during the culture. Distribution of cells similar to the initial condition lasted until the 7th day and in the final phase it was only dominated by monocytes.Keywords: myeloid leukemia, chronic, cell culture, in vitro, peripheral blood mononuclear cell, cell viability.
The Promise of Fog Capture
Authors: Ojani Chakad
Published: May 2023

This article centers on an NGO-induced fog-capture project in Lima, Peru. While presented by the NGO as an alternative water-supply system for residents lacking state infrastructure, the fog catchers ultimately failed to live up to promises about potable water. Yet as fog turned into a material impossibility, the project’s failure yielded a series of new possibilities and expectations, for instance about the potential acquisition of a piece of land. The fog catchers creatively informed other, ongoing processes of improvised urbanization, meaning that the failure became not an end point but a site of emergence whereby the temporality of the fog-capture project folded into parallel rhythms of socio-material transformation. In conclusion, I suggest that the failure be understood not as simply dictated by a larger politico-economic order but as a generative moment through which certain urban configurations became momentarily exposed and could be productively acted on. 

RESUMEN

Este artículo se centra en un proyecto de captura de niebla inducido por una ONG en Lima, Perú. Si bien, la ONG presentó el proyecto como un sistema alternativo de suministro de agua para los residentes que carecen de infraestructura estatal, los atrapanieblas finalmente no cumplieron las promesas sobre el agua potable. Sin embargo, a medida que la niebla se convirtió en una imposibilidad material, el fracaso del proyecto generó una serie de nuevas posibilidades y expectativas, por ejemplo, la adquisición de un terreno. Los atrapanieblas informaron creativamente sobre otros procesos en curso como parte de la urbanización improvisada, lo que significó que la falla no se convirtió en un punto final sino en un sitio de emergencia mediante el cual la temporalidad del proyecto de captura de niebla se desplegó en ritmos paralelos de transformación sociomaterial. En conclusión, sugiero que el fracaso se entienda no simplemente dictada por un orden político-económico más amplio, sino como un momento generativo, a través de la cual, ciertas configuraciones urbanas quedaron momentáneamente expuestas y se pudo actuar productivamente sobre ellas.
On local fractional integral inequalities via generalized
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\left({\tilde{h}}_{1},{\tilde{h}}_{2})
-preinvexity involving local fractional integral operators with Mittag-Leffler kernel
Authors: Vivas-Cortez Miguel , Bibi Maria , Muddassar Muhammad , Al-Sa’di Sa’ud
Published: May 2023

Local fractional integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type involving local fractional integral operators with Mittag-Leffler kernel have been previously studied for generalized convexities and preinvexities. In this article, we analyze Hermite-Hadamard-type local fractional integral inequalities via generalized

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\left({\tilde{h}}_{1},{\tilde{h}}_{2})

-preinvex function comprising local fractional integral operators and Mittag-Leffler kernel. In addition, two examples are discussed to ensure that the derived consequences are correct. As an application, we construct an inequality to establish central moments of a random variable.
Mechanical and dielectric properties of Cissus Quadrangularis fiber-reinforced epoxy/TiB2 hybrid composites
Authors: Mani Vijayakumar , Krishnaswamy Kumaresan , Arockiasamy Felix Sahayaraj , Manickam Tamil Selvan
Published: May 2023

This study focus on fabricating a Cissus Quadrangularis Fiber (CQF) reinforced epoxy hybrid composite with the addition of titanium diboride (TiB2) as filler. A compression molding technique was employed to fabricate the composite samples. The volume of the CQF was maintained at 30 wt%, and TiB2 was added with various weight proportions ranging from 0 % to 10 %. The mechanical, thermal, viscoelastic, and dielectric properties of the hybrid composite samples were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the impact of filler addition on the matrix-fiber bonding of the tensile fractured test specimens. The results revealed that the composite with 8 wt% filler produced high mechanical properties and comparable dielectric properties. Based on these findings, the fabricated composites are recommended for suitable applications in the automotive, electrical, and construction industries.
Women’s property rights in the Archaic and Classical Cypriot city-kingdoms?
Authors: Pestarino Beatrice
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates the law of the Cypriot city-kingdoms in the Archaic and Classical periods. New insights concern the property rights of upper-class women from Cyprus, specifically from Idalion. The paper provides a fresh analysis of the content of the Idalion Bronze Tablet and of two scarab-seals. The data coming from their examination are compared with the iconography of women in Cyprus and the contents of two paragraphs of Lysias’ speech,On the Property of Aristophanes. The analysis of these testimonies demonstrates that in the Archaic and Classical periods, Cypriot upper-class women may have been landowners who rented out their properties, may have owned personal seals, and conceivably, may have managed family estates in the event of their husband’s death.
A new approach to the interpretation of B-type natriuretic peptide concentration in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Svobodov Andrei A. , Kupryashov Aleksei A. , Dobroserdova Tatayna K. , Levchenko Elena G. , Tumanyan Margarita R. , Anderson Aleksei G.
Published: May 2023

Objectives

BNP is the unique cardiac marker that reflects not as much as the degree of heart muscle damage, but mostly the severity of hemodynamic disorder, which is important in congenital heart disease. The only disadvantage of this marker is the barely studied reference values for children. It is known that the younger the child is, the higher the BNP value will be. By shifting from interpreting the absolute values towards the application of zlog-transformed data in clinical practice, we can overcome the above problems.

Methods

We performed an age-adjusted zlog transformation of BNP concentration. The age dependence was accounted for by a piecewise linear interpolation of the logarithms of BNP concentration among healthy children in different age groups from the logarithms of age.

Results

The concentration of BNP was measured in 351 patients (under 1 year old) with various heart diseases. The median age at the time of testing was 52 days [10; 166]; the median weight was 4.1 kg [3.2; 6.2]. The conditions we investigated included almost all known congenital heart diseases, as well as primary cardiac tumors. After the zlog transformation, we eliminated age-dependence, which was proved by comparing BNP concentrations in two groups of patients with univentricular and biventricular hemodynamics.

Conclusions

BNP in patients with congenital heart disease reflects the severity of hemodynamic disorders, and zlogBNP is an objective, age-independent and clear mechanism that can be used to interpret this cardiac marker.
Threats to Scientifically Based Standards in Sex Offense Proceedings: Progress and the Interests of Alleged Victims in Jeopardy
Authors: Niehaus Susanna , Krause Andreas
Published: May 2023

In the past, empirical research findings from psychosciences contributed to avoiding erroneous judgments and decisions in criminal proceedings. However, for some time now, developments have arisen that threaten to reverse the achievement at the turn of the millennium that introduced a clear scientific orientation into sex offense proceedings. This article highlights five retrograde developments and uses three examples to illustrate how these developments can interact and, in particular, offer a purported explanation for a lack of memory of experienced abuse. This creates a breeding ground for the formation of false memories that cause suffering in both psychotherapy and criminal proceedings, and it significantly increases the risk of erroneous decisions in criminal proceedings on sex offenses in German-speaking countries.
Kampf den Klischees: Die jüngere Adam-Smith-Forschung rollt die Interpretation des schottischen Gelehrten neu auf
Authors: Horn Karen
Published: May 2023

Vor 300 Jahren, im Juni 1723, kam Adam Smith auf die Welt. Aus dem Sohn eines schottischen Anwalts und Zollkommissars wurde ein großer Aufklärer, der vor allem mit seinen moralphilosophischen und ökonomischen Schriften Berühmtheit erlangte. Mit seinem zweiten Hauptwerk, dem „Wealth of Nations“ (1776), etablierte sich die Volkswirtschaftslehre als eigenständige akademische Disziplin. Das Buch entfaltete nicht nur theoretische, sondern in zahlreichen Ländern auch praktische Wirkung. Freilich ging die Rezeptionsgeschichte mit erheblichen Vergröberungen und Verzerrungen einher. Gegen diese Klischees stemmt sich seit einigen Jahren eine interdisziplinäre Gruppe von Smith-Forschern. In diesem Überblicksartikel aus Anlass des Jubiläums stellt Karen Horn einige der Einsichten aus der jüngeren Literatur der Smith-Forschung vor und zeigt, wie reizvoll und fruchtbar die Auseinandersetzung mit dem großen Schotten weiterhin ist – auch für die hier unterrepräsentierten Ökonomen.
Oscillation and Oscillating Structures in Syntax
Authors: Mendoza Imke , Sonnenhauser Barbara
Published: May 2023

Linguistic expressions are very often indeterminate and have several possible readings. Syntactic indeterminacy may result from different underlying structures, from polysemous elements, or from so-called oscillation. Unlike the former two, oscillation cannot be reduced to one or more discrete interpretations in a given context, it is fundamentally non-resolvable. While oscillating structures do not hamper successful communication, they present a problem for linguistic analyses and categorizations. The relevant literature does not address oscillation systematically; if anything, it is treated in connection with problems of categorization. In this paper, oscillation is perceived as a phenomenonsui generis. We first give a definition of oscillation against the backdrop of other indeterminate structures and outline their relevance for a proper understanding of older and less formal varieties. Then we propose a tentative typology of oscillating structures and their potential triggers in selected Slavic languages.
Ökonomisierung des Strafverfahrens?
Authors: Szumiło-Kulczycka Dobrosława , Leszczyńska Aneta
Published: May 2023

Die Problematik der Strafverfahrenskosten wird in der aktuellen Literatur kaum behandelt. In der kontinentalen Strafverfahrenslehre taucht bisweilen der Begriff der Ökonomik des Verfahrens auf. Er ist allerdings eher im Bereich der Effizienz der Gerichtsverfahren angesiedelt und wird dadurch in Zusammenhang mit der Konzentrationsmaxime betrachtet. In diesem Kontext werden häufig die sog. konsensualen Verfahrensbeendigungen erörtert. Hierbei ist eine Tendenz zu erkennen: Es wird schlichtweg angenommen, dass ein schnelleres Verfahren zugleich ein billigeres und dadurch effektiveres sei. Außerdem zeigt sich, dass für Fälle in höheren Instanzen mehr Aufwendungen veranschlagt werden.

Das Forschungsprojekt „Die Strafverfahrenskosten in der ökonomischen Analyse des Rechts“ unter der Leitung von Prof. Dobrosława Szumiło-Kulczycka, befasste sich mit der Kostenstruktur des Strafverfahrens bezüglich wirtschaftlicher und geographischer Kriterien sowie der jeweiligen Instanz. Die Ergebnisse führten zur Veröffentlichung des Sammelbandes (2020) „Koszty procesu karnego w ujęciu teoretycznym i empirycznym“ (Die Strafverfahrenskosten in theoretischer und empirischer Hinsicht). Mit der Präsentation der Ergebnisse und den damit einhergehenden theoretischen Problemen soll eine Diskussion – insbesondere auch in Deutschland – über die Strafverfahrenskosten und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Umsetzung der Verfahrensmaximen angestoßen werden.