bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Short Road to War
Authors: Scarborough Isaac McKean
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines Tajikistan's fall into economic disorder and political paralysis. It explains that both factors resulted in social disintegration and incipient sparks of civil war. From March to May 1992, the government of Tajikistan had effectively collapsed and lost control of much of its territory and order. The situation became an ideal breeding ground for dangerous populism as politicians took advantage of people's anger, extremist behaviors, provocative language, and mass action to improve their own positions. The chapter notes the inevitability of a civil war when people like career criminal and field commander Sangak Safarov became one of the advisors dictating policies.
A Global Idea
Authors: Sukarieh Mayssoun
Published: January 2024

This book outlines how youth—as shown by the Arab Spring uprisings and subsequent state responses—became a prominent social and political category during the first two decades of the twenty-first century in the Middle East. The book explains that the spread of youth as an important category is linked to the operation of a “global youth development complex,” a diverse transnational network of state, private sector, civil society, and international development aid organizations that worked through key urban areas such as Washington, DC, Amman, and Dubai. In its analysis of the arrival, extension, and embedding of the youth development complex in the Middle East during this period, the book addresses a broader question that is of global and not just regional concern. How are certain ideas that are central to the working and reproduction of global capitalism able to travel the world so that they are found virtually everywhere?
Washington, DC
Authors: Sukarieh Mayssoun
Published: January 2024

This chapter begins in Washington DC, which is described as a global ideas city. It reviews the global cities literature that has highlighted the ways in which cities such as New York, London, and Tokyo play a pivotal role in managing the spread of global capital. It also argues that there is an overlapping set of global cities that play a parallel role in the production and global dissemination of ideas, discourses, and policies central to the reproduction and expansion of global capitalism. The chapter focuses on the role Washington DC has played in the construction of a youth development agenda for the Middle East region. It highlights the vital interplay of a dense network of both global and intensely local spatial and institutional connections.
Becoming “Brother Ioann”
Authors: Herrlinger Page
Published: January 2024

This chapter details how Ivan Alekseevich Churikov established a reputation as “Brother Ioann” and attracted a growing circle of followers, including former alcoholics that he had helped break free of addiction and others he had miraculously healed of injury and disease. The chapter considers Brother Ioann as an extraordinary individual endowed with great spiritual gifts and knowledge, and uniquely close to God. It also highlights Brother Ioann's identity that was prefigured and influenced by a broader cultural context of eldership among the laity. The chapter talks about the “elder,” which is an important figure on the Russian Orthodox landscape and characterized in different ways, such as a living saint. It explains how the elder could be a charismatic layperson who took upon the task of providing moral and spiritual leadership to ordinary believers.
Sober Brothers
Authors: Herrlinger Page
Published: January 2024

This chapter talks about E. V. Frolov, a former smoker and drinker of tragic proportions who mustered the courage to share the story of his troubled life with the Russian public. The chapter highlights how Frolov's life changed after meeting “Brother Ioann” Churikov, who instructed him to seek out a local priest to confess and find the will to stop drinking and smoking after twenty-five years. It also describes Brother Ioann's reputation for healing that spread and made his followers visible largely through their stories. The chapter highlights the early twentieth century, which was a time of active storytelling for trezvenniki. It explains that trezvenniki is a trend that evolved in line with the Orthodox tradition of making saints and with a newer, more distinctly modern desire to give voice to individual needs and experiences.
An Unorthodox Conversation
Authors: Herrlinger Page
Published: January 2024

This chapter investigates the controversy over “Brother Ioann” Churikov's Orthodox identity, which became widely known throughout St. Petersburg by 1912. It explores the debate on the distinction between the everyday, moral–spiritual salvation the trezvenniki had found with Brother Ioann's help and the eternal salvation that only God could provide. It also mentions secular observers that extolled Brother Ioann and the trezvenniki for their moral aspirations and clean lifestyle. The chapter looks at past attempts to incarcerate Brother Ioann in prison or the insane asylum, which had only served to galvanize support for him. It details how the trezvenniki worked hard to defend Brother Ioann and their sober identity to church authorities and the public.
Revolutionary Sobriety
Authors: Herrlinger Page
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses the revolution that erupted on the streets of Petrograd in early 1917 while “Brother Ioann” Churikov was living on the sober colony in Vyritsa. The chapter highlights the small, secret groups in Petrograd that were formed by lay preachers from the community and gathered in private apartments for prayer, Scripture readings, and testimony. It provides details of members of the trezvennik community who officially registered as a mutual aid society in July 1914 and opened additional branches during the war, including one at the Serafimovskaia Church with the support of Father N. Vostokov. The chapter looks at Brother Ioann's continuous advocacy for obedience to existing authorities and service in the Imperial Army during the war. It points out how Brother Ioann saw the war as justified even as the conflict's devastation began to turn public opinion against the tsarist regime.
Sober Truths during Late Socialism
Authors: Herrlinger Page
Published: January 2024

This chapter mentions Nikolai Ivanovich Iudin, who declared that trezvenniki had no place on the aspirational landscape of a communist future. It considers trezvenniki as surviving remnants of an exploitative and backward past that were swept aside to make way for the new generation of men and women that would build the communist future. It also talks about atheism, which was understood as a precondition for scientific and social consciousness. The chapter recounts the campaign against religion that was waged by godless activists and involved the closing of several working churches, legal prosecution, and “enlightenment” work. It details how religious communities, such as trezvenniki, continued to renew themselves in ways complementary to the socialist project.
Company Islands
Authors: Blair James J. A.
Published: January 2024

This chapter analyzes how Falkland Islanders have adhered to and customized British imperial property ideologies of enclosure and improvement of the commons. It describes how the Falklands' property regime has transformed land tenure from a usufruct colony founded on debt bondage to an absentee-owned monopoly of community sheep ranches and the current system of privatized small family farms. It also reviews the localized terrestrial conditions that made the colony a significant producer of cattle hides and then sheep wool in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The chapter considers the historical stages of dominion and ownership in the Falklands/Malvinas in order to grasp the significance of the Islanders' property relations for their emergent bundles of rights claims. It highlights an anthropological approach that treats property as ownership and rights over pieces of land and as relations between and among persons with respect to soil.
Does the Sea Lion Roar?
Authors: Blair James J. A.
Published: January 2024

This chapter describes how the Falkland Islanders have built upon past extractive economies to craft new resource regimes. The chapter relates speculation surrounding plans to develop the Sea Lion oil field with past strategies to capture wealth by salvaging shipwrecks, sealing, whaling, penguining, and commercial fishing. It talks about local visions of becoming a commercial energy exporter that threaten to eclipse previously established modes of resource production as hopes rise for an oil bonanza. The chapter reviews the colonization of Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia, which included a series of conflicts punctuated by intercultural exchanges involving wreckage. It highlights the Falklands' development as an extractive frontier for marine resources that was built on salvaging the value of wrecks and extorting captains of damaged ships.
The Geopolitics of Marine Ecology
Authors: Blair James J. A.
Published: January 2024

This chapter analyzes the enclosure of the South Atlantic as a knowledge frontier and examines how the United Kingdom and Argentina secure their respective claims to resource-rich maritime territory through scientific research. The chapter centers on the Data Gap project, financed jointly by the FIG and its offshore oil licensees. It also describes how marine ecologists tag penguins with tracking sensors and curate their data as part of a new geographic inventory of the South Atlantic. The chapter looks at data representing the penguins' foraging patterns feeding into environmental impact assessments and are intended to influence where oil firms plan to locate drilling and fuel transfer sites. It points out how transparency measures serve geopolitical and corporate interests at the possible risk of local ecological damage.
Colonizing with Natives
Authors: Blair James J. A.
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines quotidian practices to ensure biosecurity and preserve biodiversity. It discusses the implications of Charles Darwin's cross-species comparisons during his voyage of the Beagle and then tracks how the historical disgust that Darwin and early settlers felt toward Yagán Natives of Tierra del Fuego influenced the desire to expel nonhuman bodies and objects in various eradication campaigns. It also contends that by “colonizing” with native species in ecological restoration projects, settlers aim paradoxically to assert indigeneity while salvaging British heritage. The chapter tell a synthetic story of environmental stewardship that selectively reinforces the imperial agroindustrial and technoscientific norms and values. It offers an anthropological perspective on how settlers of the Falklands have reinvented themselves as natives through environmental management.
Remodeling
Authors: Malaia Kateryna
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces dweller-performed remodeling as a massive, but largely hidden, shift in culture and life. It shows apartment remodeling as an inalienable part of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the early post-Soviet years. It also questions the stereotype that the desire to, and practice of, transforming one's everyday life was primarily related to the widespread apartment privatization that occurred after 1991. The chapter analyzes the birth of the contemporary understanding of remont through popular sources and legal documents in the years of perestroika reforms and its transformation due to the opening of the labor and commodity markets in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It discusses the continuity of domestic transformations from the Soviet to post-Soviet era in the context of a society that may not have been expecting the USSR to collapse but was inherently prepared for it to happen.
Conclusion
Authors: Malaia Kateryna
Published: January 2024

This chapter reviews the post-Soviet metropolitan populations at large, emphasizing the similarities in their thinking. It looks at the clash of national identities and linguistic belongings demonstrated by the post-Soviet populations that grew and matured since 1991 on the foundation of the former USSR. It also discusses the end of the total remodeling boom that coincided with the time scholars first started questioning whether the post-Soviet countries were ever going to transition to the Western models of democracy and economy. The chapter recounts how remodeling shifted from the sign of the times, a trend, and the ultimate consumer demand to a more familiar ritual performed by residents when purchasing or moving into a new home. It highlights the primary importance of the condition of a home in the first post-Soviet decades that lost its absolute rule as residential mobility emerged.
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose, and their associated lifestyle factors among teachers in the CLUSTer cohort
Authors: Ng Yit Han , Moy Foong Ming , Hairi Noran Naqiah , Bulgiba Awang
Published: January 2024

Background

Teachers are responsible for educating future generations and therefore play an important role in a country’s education system. Teachers constitute about 2.6% of all employees in Malaysia, making it one of the largest workforces in the country. While health and well-being are crucial to ensuring teachers’ work performance, reports on non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Malaysian teachers are scarce. Hence, this study focused on the prevalence of T2DM, undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and underlying lifestyle factors associated with these outcomes among Malaysian teachers.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study from the CLUSTer cohort. There were 14144 teachers from the Peninsular Malaysia included in this study. The teachers’ sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were described using a weighted complex analysis. A matched age group comparison was carried out between teachers and the Malaysian general population on T2DM, undiagnosed DM, and IFG status. Next, the researchers examined the association of lifestyle factors with T2DM and IFG using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

The prevalence of T2DM, undiagnosed DM, and IFG among the Malaysian teachers were 4.1%, 5.1%, and 5.6%, respectively. The proportions of teachers with T2DM (both diagnosed and undiagnosed) and the IFG increased linearly with age. Teachers had a lower weighted prevalence of T2DM (known and undiagnosed) than the general population. However, teachers were more inclined to have IFG than the general population, particularly those aged 45 years and older. Among all lifestyle indicators, only waist circumference (aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.20) was found to be associated with T2DM, whereas waist circumference (aOR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.15) and physical activity [moderately active = (aOR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.98); highly active = (aOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.80)] were associated with IFG.

Conclusions

Modifiable lifestyle factors such as abdominal obesity and physical activity were associated with T2DM and IFG. Intervention programs targeting these factors could help reduce future treatment costs and increase productivity.
COVID-19 Seropositivity Among Adults of Tribal Origin Attending a Primary Care Centre in Wayanad Kerala- A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Raj Anima , Sasidharan Navami , Sreedevi Aswathy , Vasudevan Sanjeev , Kumar V Anil , Mathew Minu Maria
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral illness caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Serological surveys help in understanding the burden of past infections. The World Health Organisation (WHO) suggests the need for populationbased sero-epidemiological investigations to acquire data for implementing containment measures. The tribal population, being the most marginalised and vulnerable section, is at a higher risk for COVID-19. However, there is limited literature regarding the seroprevalence of COVID-19 among the tribal population in our country. Aim: To assess the COVID-19 seropositivity, associated factors, and knowledge among adults of tribal origin attending a primary care centre in Wayanad, Kerala. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 279 adults of tribal origin, aged between 18 and 95 years, attending a primary tribal healthcare centre at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, from August 2021 to October 2021. A semistructured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic details, history of COVID-19 infection, vaccination status, and participants’ knowledge and awareness about COVID-19. Antibody presence was tested using the WANTAI test kit. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 21.0 A multivariable logistic regression was conducted following univariate analysis to identify independent factors associated with COVID-19 seropositivity. Results: The mean age of the study population was 45.34±15.86 years. Among the 279 participants, the proportion of seropositivity to COVID-19 antibodies was found to be 245 (87.8%) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 83.98 to 91.62. Regarding knowledge and awareness related to COVID-19, 186 (66.7%) participants were not aware of the common symptoms of COVID19. Individuals aged above 60 years had a five times higher probability of having COVID-19 antibodies compared to those aged 30 years or younger (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.71, 95% CI 0.111 to 20.025). Those who had received atleast one dose of the vaccine were nine times more likely to have seropositivity (aOR 8.58, 95% CI 1.390 to 53.028). Conclusion: The seropositivity of COVID-19 was high at 87.8%. Older people and vaccinated individuals were more likely to be seropositive. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen vaccination efforts among all age groups. Continued sero-surveillance and vaccination surveys need to be conducted to gain more insights into the antibody kinetics of this novel pathogen.
Importance of Positive T-wave in Lead aVR and Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Cohort Study
Authors: Badiger Sharan , Hiremath Shruti
Published: January 2024

Introduction: It is well known that ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is a significant contributor to both illness and death on a global scale. An Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an easily accessible bedside tool for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction. The T wave is usually negative in lead aVR (augmented unipolar right arm lead). However, a positive T wave in lead aVR has been shown to be associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Aim: To examine whether a positive T wave in lead aVR can be used as an indicator to predict Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) during the hospital stay in patients with STEMI. Materials and Methods: A cohort study was performed at Shri BM Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, involving patients admitted with STEMI. A total of 98 newly diagnosed ST-segment elevation patients were classified into two groups: Group A (positive T wave) in lead aVR with an amplitude of ≥ 0 mV, and Group B (negative T wave) in lead aVR with an amplitude of ≤0 mV. The hospital stays of STEMI patients were evaluated for adverse cardiac events. Chi-square test was used to assess relationships between categorical variables. Results: A total of 98 patients were evaluated, among which two were excluded. Hence, among 96 patients considered, 25 were females and 71 were male, with average ages of 57 years in Group A and 55 years in Group B. Among the 96 patients, 34 had positive T waves (35.4%) and 62 had negative T waves (64.5%) in lead aVR. The study revealed significantly higher rates of in-hospital MACE (heart failure, pulmonary oedema, and arrhythmias) in patients with positive T waves (Group A) in lead aVR, with p-values <0.05, which were statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study showed that a positive T wave in lead aVR is a valuable and cost-effective tool for predicting inhospital MACE in patients with STEMI. Utilising this simple and readily available ECG measurement could support clinicians in detecting high-risk patients who require closer monitoring and more aggressive interventions, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes and resource allocation.
Evaluation of Developmental Delay in Term Babies on Ventilator Support: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kumar R Hemanth , Chandran Jayesh
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Developmental limitation in two or more developmental domains that affects children under the age of five is termed as developmental delay. Due to various reasons such as drug-induced toxicity and maternal variables like a history of drinking, smoking, or infections during pregnancy (e.g., rubella), neonates may require admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Although NICU admission improves survival rates, the extended stay and the use of different types of equipment in the NICU may lead to developmental delay. Aim: To identify the developmental delays in critically ill fullterm babies on ventilator support, using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3) scale. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate developmental delays in term babies receiving ventilator support. A total of 35 babies who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Once the babies reached 17 to 18 months of age, parents were given ASQ-3 to complete. The data were analysed and expressed as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage. Results: Out of the 35 full-term babies on ventilator support, 22 babies (62.9%) showed lower values in gross motor function, 12 (34.3%) in fine motor function, and 12 (34.3%) in problem-solving skills compared to communication and other components, according to ASQ-3. Conclusion: The findings of this research suggest that critically ill full-term infants on ventilator support exhibit significant developmental delays, particularly in gross motor, fine motor, and problem-solving skills.
OPTICAL FEEDBACK. I STATIC EFFECTS.
Authors: BAŁUKA Paweł , MIELNICZEK Izabela , DRUZ Valeriia , CHABKO Jakub , KUŹMA Marian
Published: January 2024

Feedback is a common phenomenon. This paper gives examples of feedback   in computer science (iterations). The primary aim of this paper is to observe the effects of optical feedback in a monitor-camera system. The static effects of optical feedback are presented in this paper. The problem of symmetry of the obtained images is discussed. It is explained how a multiple three-lens copying machine generates the Sierpinski triangle, which is a basic and very well-known fractal. In the next paper ( Part II ) the dynamic effects of optical feedback will be discussed.
Closing the Referral Loop: Piloting a Clinical Pathway Between Primary Care and Community-Based Mental Health and Addictions Services
Authors: Polihronis Christine , Ziebell Laura , Cloutier Paula , Radomski Ashley , Sundar Purnima , Leith Sandie , Stewart Jodie , Cappelli Mario
Published: January 2024

Findings from a novel Primary Care (PC) Mental Health (MH) pathway for children and young people in Northern Ontario, Canada are presented. Overall, 166 MH referrals from PC to a community-based child and youth MH and addictions agency (CB-CYMHA) occurred, with outstanding PC uptake (100%) and faxing referral outcomes (99%) from the CB-CYMHA to the PC provider. Half of referral outcomes (50%) were returned within 2 weeks and 83% of contacted clients reported satisfaction with services received. This successful pilot serves as an example for care pathway improvements and mobilizes knowledge for other pathway sites across Ontario.
Black Youth Mentorship: Project Artemo and Opportunities for Proactive Cross-Sector Mental Wellness Support
Authors: Tulli-Shah Mia , Welch Odion , Onah Emmanuel
Published: January 2024

In this qualitative study, researchers interviewed 10 participants (five mentees and five mentors) of the 2020–2021 Artemo Black Youth Mentorship program session. The Artemo program takes place with Black youth across Alberta, with a focus in Edmonton, Calgary, and Fort McMurray. The program focuses on providing supports for a mental health preventative approach, employment/educational supports, and a gender intersectionality focus throughout Alberta. To assess the program, organizers hired an independent researcher to maintain anonymity. Findings from the interviews spoke to larger themes related to Black youth mental health and well-being, as well as community-based approaches to supporting them. Our findings offer three key themes. First, youth offered their own perceptions of mental wellness. Second, they explained stigma, a lack of cultural competency and representation among service providers, and financial costs, as significant barriers to mental health and wellness. Third they discussed opportunities for youth mentorship to fill service gaps and act as a form of resistance. Opportunities include strategies to navigate mental health stigma, opportunities to build trust, benefits of centralizing experiences of race and culture, and benefits of non-medicalized mental wellness support.
Crystallographic Benchmarking on Diffraction Pattern Profiling of Polymorphs-TiO2 by WPPF for Pigment and Acrylic Paint
Authors: Kobir Md. Mahmudul , Tabassum Sumaya , Ahmed Shanawaz , Sadia Sumaiya Islam , Alam Md. Ashraful
Published: January 2024

At a very low temperature high crystalline phase of TiO2 best-fitted strain anatase was synthesized by peptization which was the prime object of this study. Unresolved parameters were investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique employed for lattice parameters, crystallite size, lattice volume, strain, crystal structure, d-spacing and percentage of phase in weight fraction. 54.40 % anatase, 29.10 % brookite and 16.50 % rutile crystalline phase were found by whole powder pattern fitting (WPPF-Rietveld’s refinement) method and lattice volume of anatase 137.150, brookite 267.079 and rutile 62.901 Å³ as well the crystal strain 0.307, 0.45 and 0.28 % of anatase, brookite and rutile polymorph-TiO2 found respectively. The calculated lattice parameters of the anatase are \(\alpha\)=\(\beta\)=\(\gamma\)= 90.0°; a=b= 3.8056 Å, c= 9.470 Å and predominant (101), (004) and (200) miller indices with diffracted angle (2Ɵ) 25.38, 37.26 and 48.22 observed. The average crystallite size was 7.39 nm which confirmed the formation of nano-crystal-TiO2 due to the highly dispersed on medium. The percentage of strain of the individual polymorphs of TiO2 shows the best fit used for the pigment and acrylic paint.
Microbial Communities and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Aerobic Bacteria Associated with the Vaginal Microbiota: A Retrospective Study in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Ndukwu Chidi L. C.
Published: January 2024

The vaginal microbiota, unlike some other sites such as the intestinal microbiota is a less diversified micro-ecosystem; dominated normally by Lactobacilli which play specific important roles in the wellbeing of the vagina and the female person. Dysbiosis or the loss of Lactobacilli dominance results in ecological shift that leads to a number of conditions such as proliferation of intestinal aerobic bacteria leading to aerobic vaginitis and such other disease conditions. In this retrospective cross sectional descriptive study, laboratory records of microscopy, culture and susceptibility analysis of high vaginal swabs (HVS) and other relevant data were reviewed to synthesize information relating to the microbial community and antimicrobial resistance among aerobic bacteria. Out of 790 specimens examined, microbial growths were observed in 596 (75.4%); dominated by fungi (Candida spp), 485 (68.3%), followed by aerobic bacteria, 223(31.4%) and protozoa (Trichomonas), 2 (0.3%). The bacterial population was dominated by Escherichia coli  98 (44.0%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis 55 (24.7%), Staphylococcus aureus 41 (18.4%), Proteus mirabilis 10(4.5%), Streptococcus agalactiae 9 (4.0%), Klebsiella pnumoniae 5 (2.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10 (4.5%). Gram negative bacteria constitutes 118 (52.9%), while gram positive are 105 (47.1%) The cumulative antimicrobial resistance profile of the 223 bacterial strains tested against 10 antimicrobial agents was 55.5%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant bacteria by showing resistance against 62% of the test antimicrobial agents, followed by Klebsiella pnumoniae, 58%, Escherichia coli, 54.1%, Staphylocuccus aureus, 51.0%, Proteus mirabilis, 51.0%. Enterocuccus faecalis, 48.4% and Streptococcus agalactiae 38.9%. This study has contributed in ascertaining the prevalence of bacterial and other associated organisms of the vaginal microbiota, and also unraveled the different aerobic bacterial species together with their antimicrobial resistance patterns; which will be found valuable in treatment of associated infections.
The Clinical Use of Anabolic Steroid Oxandrolone for Burn Patients: A Review
Authors: Câmara Lucas Caseri , Starling Marcelo Andrade , Suzigan Erika Magalhães
Published: January 2024

To reduce burn damage, especially in severe cases, pharmacological interventions aiming to decrease the intense catabolism such as the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) have been previously studied. Oxandrolone, an oral derived compound from DHT (dihydrotestosterone), is used since the 60s, was pharmacologically developed to promote a predominance of anabolic action over androgenic action and is also approved by regulatory entities for on-label use in severe weight loss diseases. However, several published studies present differences in their methodologies (e.g. interventional or observational), patients characteristics, oxandrolone doses, usage protocols, clinical outcomes and magnitudes of observed effects. Therefore, we conducted a structured systematic search, in main scientific databases, searching for systematic reviews and meta-analysis that summarized the potential efficacy and safety of oxandrolone use in burn patients. A structured systematic search was carried out using a combination of MeSH terms for oxandrolone and burn, filtered for systematic reviews, in PUBMED and CENTRAL database. As a conclusion to the results that we observed (reduction in weight loss and a higher rate of weight regain after burns, a reduction in muscle mass loss, an improvement in muscle nitrogen retention and protein balance, a reduction in the healing time of the donor site, a reduction in the length of hospital stay, an increase in muscle strength, bone mass, total weight gain and growth rate), the clinical oxandrolone use for burn patients can be considered an effective and clinically safe pharmacological intervention and, given the important morphological and metabolic benefits observed in short and long-term, it should be routinely considered as an adjuvant treatment to be added to standard care in burn patients.
Influence of Foliar Application of 19:19:19 and Mono-Potassium Phosphate on Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Bhavya M.  , Vidya N. T.  , Doni Yallappa B.
Published: January 2024

Aims: Foliar application or foliar nutrition is a technique of feeding plants by applying liquid fertilizer directly to their leaves. Water soluble fertilizers (19:19:19 and mono potassium phasphate) have been introduced exclusively for foliar feeding and fertilization. There is very little information about the foliar application of water soluble fertilizers. There is need for more research in this field. Therefore, foliar nutrition is being recognized as an important method of fertilization in modern agriculture. The current study aimed to study the effect of foliar application of inorganic sources of nutrients for exploiting genetic potential of the crop for supplementing the part of nutrient requirements at critical stages.
Methodology: A field experiment was conducted during late kharif 2019 on sandy loam soils at College of Agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, to study the effect of foliar application of water soluble fertilizers on growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiata L.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design comprising of 3 replications and 13 treatment combinations consisting of three water soluble fertilizers along with package of practice (viz., 2 % DAP, 1 % 19:19:19, 2 % 19:19:19, 1 % mono-potassium phosphate, 2 % mono-potassium phosphate, 1 % 19:19:19 + 1 % mono-potassium phosphate). All water soluble fertilizers were given as foliar spray at two crop growth stages (30 and 45 DAS).
Results: Foliar application of monopotassium phosphate and 19:19:19 each @ 1 per cent at 30 and 45 DAS along with package of practice recorded significantly higher plant height (56.04 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (8.46), leaf area (5.37 dm2 plant-1), total dry matter production (22.16 g plant-1), number of pods plant-1 (22.10), number of seeds plant-1 (12.65), pod length (8.92 cm), seed yield (1038.82 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1675.28 kg ha-1), thereby achieved yield increment of 25.07 per cent over package of practice and 46.85 per cent over farmers practice as compared to the other treatments.
Conclusion: Foliar application of monopotassium phosphate and 19:19:19 each at 1 per cent at 30 and 45 DAS along with package of practice in late kharif found ideal for achieving higher yield potentiality in green gram.
Indicações Geográficas e Desenvolvimento Sustentável: uma análise bibliométrica
Authors: Pereira Maria Gabriella Alves , Silva Marcelo Santana , Lima Ângela Maria Ferreira , Ribeiro Nubia Moura
Published: January 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o cenário das publicações científicas sobre Indicações Geográficas e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, ante a possibilidade de o registro valorizar produtos locais e preservar o conhecimento tradicional. Para isso, utilizou-se a metodologia de revisão sistemática de literatura e pesquisa bibliométrica correspondente aos trabalhos publicados entre 1997 e 2022, coletados na base de dados Scopus, com posterior tratamento de dados utilizando o pacote R e Bibliometrix. Com a análise, concluiu-se que a Indicação Geográfica pode agregar valor e permitir uma gestão compartilhada de ativos territoriais, com benefícios ambientais, preservação cultural, envolvimento dos atores locais e conservação da biodiversidade. Ademais, notou-se a interdisciplinaridade do tema, com crescimento de publicações anuais, e a sua contribuição para os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável.
A DECLARAÇÃO DE VONTADE NO CÓDIGO CIVIL ALEMÃO
Authors: Zanini Leonardo Estevam de Assis
Published: January 2024

O presente artigo realiza um estudo panorâmico da declaração de vontade no Código Civil alemão. Trata-se de pesquisa que utiliza metodologia descritiva e dedutiva, baseada fundamentalmente em revisão bibliográfica e na investigação da legislação. Após a compreensão da origem histórica, da noção e da importância da declaração de vontade, passa-se à análise dos seus elementos constitutivos. O texto ainda estuda a vontade declarada por meio de representação, cujo sistema autônomo é um dos traços característicos do direito alemão. Igualmente, é analisado o tratamento dado pelo Código Civil alemão às declarações de vontade afetadas por defeitos. Por fim, o estudo panorâmico da matéria busca instigar o leitor a melhor compreender a importância da declaração de vontade e a procurar soluções no direito alemão para problemas existentes no Brasil.
Occurrence, Fate, and Assessment of Polycyclic Musk Residues in the Aquatic Environment of Urban Areas — A Review
Authors: Heberer Thomas
Published: May 2003

In recent years, polycyclic musk compounds frequently used as synthetic fragrances in perfumes and various household products have been recognized as important organic residues in the aquatic environment, especially, in urbanized areas. These persistent contaminants are primarily discharged via municipal sewage effluents into the receiving surface waters. In some investigations of samples from different environmental compartments, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8‐hexahydro‐4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8‐hexamethylcyclopenta‐(g)‐2‐benzopyran (HHCB; Galaxolide®, Abbalide®) and 7‐acetyl‐1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 6‐hexamethyltetralin (AHTN; Tonalide®, Fixolide®) were identified as the most important synthetic musk compound residues. In Europe, all of the other synthetic musks, including the nitro musk compounds, were only found at trace‐level concentrations more than 20 times lower than those measured for HHCB.

This paper compiles and discusses the results from investigations of sewage, sewage sludge, surface water, aquatic sediment, and biota samples. The results from several prolonged monitoring investigations of musk residues in Berlin, Germany, are presented as an example for the occurrence and fate of polycyclic musks in the aquatic system of an urbanized area. Significant differences were observed for the concentration ratios of HHCB and AHTN in samples originating from different aquatic compartments. Thus, an average HHCB/AHTN ratio of approximately 2.5:1.0 was measured in sewage sludges, sewage effluents, surface waters, and fish. In sediment samples, AHTN was, however, found at concentrations equal or even higher than those measured for HHCB (HHCB/AHTN ratio of 0.90:1.0). Bioaccumulation, metabolism in fish, and environmental and human risk assessment issues are discussed and results obtained for the urban area of Berlin are compared with those from other investigations.
Contaminant Levels and Ecotoxicological Effects in Sediments of the River Odra
Authors: Müller Albrecht , Heininger Peter , Wessels Marco , Pelzer Jürgen , Grünwald Katrin , Pfitzner Steffi , Berger Marion
Published: May 2003

The large‐scale analysis of contaminant levels in sediments in the Odra river basin during the study period from 1997 to 1999 showed that sediment quality varies according to the prevailing anthropogenic impacts. The levels of PAHs, Zn, and Cd in the Upper Silesian coal‐mining and metallurgy district are by a factor of four above the quality targets (Zielvorgaben) defined by the Working Group on Water of the German Federal States. In the Lower Silesian district that is dominated by non‐ferrous metallurgy, Cu and Hg were found in concentrations of a factor of three above the target values. Downstream of the inflow of the river Warta, the concentrations of Cd and of nutrients continue to increase, what suggests impacts of the electrotechnical/electronics industries around Poznan and emissions from agriculture.

Temporal trends were recorded for heavy‐metal concentrations in sediments near Widuchowa. The maximum was observed in the year of the flood event 1997. Cd and As levels were nearly double the median throughout the study period. The flood wave transported contaminated sediments downriver. After the flood, the levels dropped below the values measured in the time before this event.

In the German river reach, the flood had a diluting effect for organic contaminants, that continued with view to PCBs until 1999. The PAH load, however, rose again, because the anthropogenic activities on the upper river course continued.

The ecotoxicological effect of sediments is tested by means of bacteria, algae, and daphnia in pore waters and elutriates. Algal toxicity was repeatedly observed in pore waters from all study areas, in those from the headwaters and Widuchowa also in combination with bacteria toxicity. Elutriates of sediments from the headwaters did not show inhibiting effects. PAHs are considered to play a major role in the toxicity of Odra sediments.
The Possible Role of Reduced Sulfur Compounds in the Toxic Properties of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents
Authors: Shtamm Elena V. , Frog Boris N. , Skurlatov Yurii I. , Kozlova Natalia B. , Alexandrova Evgenia V. , Shishkina Ludmila N.
Published: May 2003

A comparative analysis of different bioassays was carried out using as an example black liquor solutions, simulating wastewaters of the Kraft process for the digestion of cellulose. Alongside the analysis of products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in blood plasma and the liver of mice in vivo, the most sensitive assays were based on the analysis of Ceriodaphnia reproduction, the analysis of LPO intensity in vitro, the mixed function oxygenase (MFO) assay in fish liver, and the population growth test of Tetrahymena pyriformis. The toxicological analysis of pulp and paper mill effluents at different stages of their formation and treatment has demonstrated two relationships, as follows:

(i) a correlation between toxicity and the presence of reductive substances (as titrated by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst), and

(ii) a correlation between the content of these reductive substances in wastewater and the reduced sulfur compounds formed during cellulose digestion.

Using the MFO induction assay and the LPO intensity assay in the model test system has demonstrated that the addition of hydrogen peroxide into solutions of black liquor results in their detoxification. It is concluded that the reduced sulfur compounds play a significant role in the toxicity of pulp and paper mill effluents.
Investigation of Colloidal Water Content with Laser‐induced Breakdown Detection during Drinking Water Purification
Authors: Wagner Tobias , Bundschuh Tobias , Schick Roland , Schwartz Thomas , Köster Rainer
Published: May 2003

Colloids (diameter typically < ca. 1 μm) are present in all aquatic systems. They have a high surface to mass ratio and therefore a large sorption capacity for both pollutants and microbial water impurities. Also, microorganisms as such can be regarded as colloidal matter. For drinking water purification it is vitally important to effectively remove such particulate water contents. The laser‐induced breakdown detection (LIBD) was used as a powerful tool for the quantification of aquatic nano‐particles in very low concentrations. The Fe(III)‐assisted filtration used for purification of water from Lake Constance did not only remove suspended particles, but also colloids with a mean efficiency higher than 98 % (regarding the mass concentration). The number weighted mean particle diameter before filtration was typically several hundred nanometers, after filtration it was reduced to an average of 54 nm. The average mass concentration before the filtration step was 57 μg/L, afterwards only 0.66 μg/L. In a separate experiment it could be shown that the LIBD technique is capable of detecting microorganisms in water.
Säulenversuche zum Transportverhalten von Arzneimittelwirkstoffen in der wassergesättigten Zone
Authors: Mersmann Petra , Scheytt Traugott , Heberer Thomas
Published: May 2003

Eine Reihe von Arzneimittelrückständen wurde in den letzten Jahren im Oberflächenwasser, im Grundwasser und sogar im Trinkwasser nachgewiesen. Um detaillierte Informationen über das Transportverhalten von ausgewählten Arzneimittelwirkstoffen (Carbamazepin, Clofibrinsäure, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Propyphenazon) in der wassergesättigten Zone zu erhalten, wurden Säulenversuche mit gestörten Proben aus Grundwasserleitermaterial (Mittelsand) im Labormaßstab durchgeführt. Über einen Zeitraum von jeweils 10 Tagen wurde Versuchswasser, ein dem Grundwasserleitermaterial entsprechendes natürliches Grundwasser, mit den Wirkstoffen dotiert (10 μg/L), und die Konzentrationsänderungen am Säulenauslauf wurden beobachtet. Das Transportverhalten der untersuchten Medikamentenwirkstoffe war unter den gegebenen Bedingungen nicht von pH‐Wert, Temperatur, Sauerstoffgehalt und Grundwasserinhaltsstoffen abhängig. Mit einem Retardationsfaktor von 2.8 ist der Transport des Wirkstoffes Carbamazepin am deutlichsten gegenüber Lithium verzögert. Aufgrund des geringen C/C0‐Verhältnisses von 0.45 konnte für den Wirkstoff Ibuprofen der Retardationsfaktor lediglich abgeschätzt werden; demnach lag der Retardationsfaktor bei 4.0. Während Diclofenac (Rd = 2.6) und Propyphenazon (Rd = 2.0) langsamer als Lithium transportiert wurden, konnte für Clofibrinsäure ein Retardationsfaktor von 1.1 ermittelt werden.

Das Transportverhalten der untersuchten Substanzen ist in unterschiedlichem Maß von Sorptions‐ und Abbauprozessen charakterisiert. Während Ibuprofen hauptsächlich abgebaut wird, ist der Abbau bei Carbamazepin und Diclofenac mit einem C/C0‐Verhältnis von 0.85 und 0.88 im aeroben Milieu allenfalls gering und bei Propyphenazon (C/C0 = 1.0) ist kein Abbau unter oxischen Bedingungen nachzuweisen. Clofibrinsäure war gänzlich unbeeinflusst von Sorptions‐ und Abbauprozessen.
Short‐term Sunlight Irradiation of Organic Matter Dissolved in Lake Water Increased its Susceptibility to Subsequent Biooxidation
Authors: Grzybowski Waldemar
Published: May 2003

The influence of daylong sunlight irradiation on the susceptibility of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to subsequent bacterial respiration was investigated in freshwater. The analyzed samples differed both in DOM content and photoreactivity (absorbance spectra). Filter‐sterilized samples (0.2 μm pore size filters) were exposed to daylong sunlight in a wide‐open vessel. After that, the samples and non‐irradiated blanks were inoculated with the native bacterial community and respiration was monitored for 20 h with 1 h frequency. In all of the analyzed samples, the exposure to sunlight resulted in increased respiration. The increase in respiration ranged from 17 to 54 %. The observed respiration changes were poorly correlated with changes in spectral characteristics of the samples caused by irradiation.
Niedermolekulare Verbindungen als Inhibitoren Cyclin‐abhängiger Kinasen
Authors: Huwe Axel , Mazitschek Ralph , Giannis Athanassios
Published: May 2003

Für multizelluläre Organismen ist die Zellteilung (Mitose) eine grundlegende Voraussetzung. Erst durch die Fähigkeit einer Zelle, sich zu replizieren, können komplexe Zellverbände entstehen. Fehlregulationen in den Kontrollmechanismen des Zellzyklus führen zu einer übermäßigen Zellproliferation und sind die Ursache für Krebs. Die Schlüsselstellung der Cyclin‐abhängigen Kinasen (CDKs) und ihrer direkten Mitspieler sowie die Tatsache, dass bei vielen malignen Erkrankungen Komponenten dieser zentralen Schrittmacher des Zellzyklus defekt sind, hat ein großes Interesse für die Entwicklung von niedermolekularen CDK‐Inhibitoren geweckt. Im Folgenden wird ein Überblick über die verschiedenen Strukturklassen ATP‐kompetitiver Inhibitoren für CDKs gegeben, die mit der Absicht entwickelt wurden, maligne Erkrankungen zu bekämpfen. Der Aufsatz zeigt, wie weit die Entwicklung von selektiven CDK‐Inhibitoren ist und inwiefern sich die Erwartungen in solche Wirkstoffe bisher erfüllt haben.
Glossar zur Theoretischen Organischen Chemie
Authors: Zipse Hendrik , Schulz* Axel
Published: May 2003

Dieses Glossar enthält Definitionen und Erklärungen zu mehr als 450 Begriffen, die im fachübergreifenden Forschungs‐ und Publikationswesen auf dem Gebiet der Anwendung von modernen theoretischen Konzepten, der Computerchemie und graphentheoretischen Methoden zur Untersuchung von Struktur, Reaktivität, spektroskopischen und anderen physikalischen Eigenschaften von organischen, metallorganischen und Koordinationsverbindungen eine Rolle spielen. Das Ziel dieses Glossars ist die Bereitstellung eines Leitfadens für den Fachwortschatz, der in der Theoretischen Organischen Chemie verwendet wird. Des Weiteren soll es dazu beitragen, dass Inkonsistenzen und Zweideutigkeiten in der Bedeutung von Begriffen beseitigt werden.
Titelbild: An Unusual Dynamic Fe‐Hg‐Pd Cluster with a Palladium(0) Fragment Stabilized by d10–d10 Heterometallic Bonding (Angew. Chem. 19/2003)
Authors: Schuh Walter , Braunstein Pierre , Bénard Marc , Rohmer Marie‐Madeleine , Welter Richard
Published: May 2003

Einmal hin, einmal her ringsherum, das ist nicht schwer. Das Titelbild veranschaulicht, wie ein Pd‐Zentrum eine oszillierende Bewegung entlang der Fe‐Hg‐Fe‐Kette in einem Cluster mit helical ausgerichteten Diphenylphosphanylmethanliganden ausführt. Die Pd0‐Teilstruktur wird durch das Trimetallaphosphan, das seine passende Konformation durch Rotation um eine Hg‐Fe‐Bindung einnimmt, “eingefangen”. Details zu diesem Cluster mit einer ungewöhnlichen Pd‐Hg‐d10‐d10‐Wechselwirkung erläutern P. Braunstein et al. auf S. 2211ff.