bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of nearshore surface gravity waves from Distributed Acoustic Sensing data
Authors: Mohammedi Amine , Sladen Anthony , Meulé Samuel , Pelaez-Quiñones Julián , Bouchette Fréderic , Ponte Aurelien , Ampuero Jean-Paul
Published: May 2024

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology is a new photonic method that can convert several tens of kilometer-long seafloor fiber-optic telecommunication cables into dense arrays of strain sensors. With such spatial and temporal resolution, DAS appears as a potential future alternative to in-situ oceanographic measurements. Nevertheless, the DAS measurement needs to be calibrated because several factors can induce modifications to the measurements such as the structure of the cable or the level of burial in the sediments. In addition, the mechanisms through which the external stresses are conveyed to the fiber are still not well understood. An initial strategy involves analyzing the response of the DAS data to surface gravity waves as these are continuously present and well-characterized signals, that can be readily measured at shallow depth. From December 2020 to January 2021, an in-situ campaign was performed which involved deploying a pressure sensor at a depth of 15 meters for nearly 2 months next to the 50 km-long LSPM (Laboratoire Sous-marin Provence Méditerranée) seafloor cable in the bay of Les Sablettes, South of France. In the frequency band of surface gravity waves, we identify a remarkable linear correlation between the energy of the pressure sensor and that of the colocated DAS sensor, for various sea conditions. This result implies that the significant wave height can be reconstructed from DAS data at all points along the telecom cable, from the coast down to the cut-off depth of linear wave theory (roughly 100 meters in that region). From the linear wave potential theory, we derive an analytical transfer function linking the cable deformation and wave kinematic parameters. Even though this transfer function provides a first quantification of the effects related to waves and the cable response, it does not allow to distinguish between the different components of the wave spectrum (long-period, infragravity, surface gravity, ultra-gravity waves...), nor acknowledge the potential contribution of temperature variations. Also, the coupling processes between water, cable, and sediment remain to be included in this transfer function. In 2023, along the same telecom cable, we deployed 6 instrumented stations along the LSPM cable for 3 months. In particular, we installed instruments to measure seafloor pressure and temperature, the velocity components in the water column, as well as variations in the depth of sediments relative to a reference. These measurements will enable us to refine the analysis of the processes involved in the DAS response. 
Comparing DAS and DSS for Low Frequency Strain Sensing Applications
Authors: Maxwell Jack
Published: May 2024

DAS has become a widespread tool for seismic and acoustic monitoring across up to 10s of km, allowing dynamic strain sensing for new and existing applications. As performance has developed, interest has extended from the seismic band (~1-100 Hz) down toward the low frequency regime (DC - ~1 Hz), where the high sensitivity of DAS has provided new capabilities for monitoring subtle slow strain changes.This technology has been joined by DSS, which utilises Brillouin scattering to measure absolute strain along an optical fibre. DSS operates with different performance characteristics to DAS, but overlaps in detection bandwidth (up to 10 Hz), meaning there are cases where both technologies can yield different insights to the strain environment. DSS is finding applications in cases where much longer timescales are analysed, and where the interrogator is not necessarily continually measuring (an advantage of DSS).This talk will compare DAS and DSS for different applications, with some emphasis on low frequency timescales. First, the techniques will be reviewed from a technological perspective, before giving comparative lab data to demonstrate the insights provided by each technique. Following this, some example field data will be presented, further showing the strengths of DAS and DSS, particularly for low frequency applications.
GEOFON and GFZ contributions towards democratising DAS data
Authors: Strollo Angelo , Quinteros Javier , Heinloo Andres , Hillmann Laura , Tilmann Frederik , Jousset Philippe , Rodriguez Tribaldos Veronica , Cotton Fabrice
Published: May 2024

Since its inception in 1993, the GEOFON program has actively promoted standardisation and openness of data, products and software in seismology, and is thus committed to and ready for Open Science. Although the assessed level of FAIR data management for traditional seismological data has reached a good level, the recent rapid uptake of DAS instruments capable of producing petabytes of data poses challenges to data centre operations and users, hindering the full exploitation of the wealth of DAS data. The contributions of the GEOFON Data Centre and all partners involved to facilitate data access and use are presented through synergetic activities carried out in national and international collaborations, mainly divided into three parts: a) development and provision of technical knowledge ranging from experiment setup to different DAS systems configurations tailored to the specific application; b) development of data management policies, discussions, proposals and (where possible) definition and adoption of new standards; c) development of open software tools and services to facilitate FAIR management of data and products. These contributions are being pursued through two major EU-funded projects, Geo-INQUIRE and SUBMERSE. The former focuses on the development of data management strategies and their exploitation for data generated at selected testbed sites through transnational access activities; the latter poses the additional challenge of real-time data flow and management of multidisciplinary data products. Finally, an outlook on the future seismological data distribution landscape is given, with possible scenarios being considered.
Remote optical interferometric displacement technology development for planetology
Authors: Guattari Frédéric , De Raucourt Sébastien , Chabaud Gabrielle , Tillier Sylvain , Boiron Hugo , Ponceau Damien , Robert Olivier , Kawamura Taichi , Nebut Tanguy , Girard Sylvain , Marin Emmanuel , Lognonne Philippe , Ijpelaan Frans , Pont Gabriel , Lefevre Hervé
Published: May 2024

The Apollo seismic experiment yielded unique seismology data from the Moon. Howeverunderstanding of the Moon’s interior structure remains constrained by the limitations of theApollo’s sensors. Fifty years later, the Mars seismometer Insight/SEIS demonstrated reducedself-noise and enhanced resolution. A spare model will be deployed to the Moon in 2026 as partof the FSS (CLPS 12) mission. Nevertheless, it is still far from meeting the International LunarNetwork (ILN) requirements. This is the reason why a technological breakthrough is needed.By switching from electrostatic displacement sensors to optical interferometric ones, animprovement of several orders of magnitude is made in mitigating parasitic forces (electrostaticnoise to pressure radiation). Additionally, this approach allows us to minimize the electroniccomponents within the deployed sensor. This reduction is made possible by employing remoteoptical readout of the displacement via an optical link connecting the deployed sensor to thelander. Since the objective is to operate without force feedback, the primary challenge lies inmeeting two simultaneous requirements: accommodating proofmass rebalancing up to a fewmillimeters across a 100°C thermal variation and achieving an exceptionally fine resolution todetect proofmass displacements as small as 10-12 m @ 1 Hz induced by seismic activities.This challenge led to the use of a laser source within a phase-modulated Michelsoninterferometer. The critical objective is to isolate the interference between the two movingmirrors while minimizing the impact of all parasitic back reflections. Whereas, it is well-knownthat a -60dB parasitic reflection results in a -30dB variation of the interference pattern.Consequently, both experimental and theoretical work are conducted to characterize, model andquantify the effect of each parasitic reflection, depending of its position within the optical design.In this frame, the use of Rayleigh Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) tocharacterize the interferometer will be described, in addition to the use of collected informationin the model to explain the observed fringe patterns.In conclusion, a comparative analysis of the performance of this optical readout technique inrelation to other published methods is performed, taking into account benefits and drawbacks ofeach of them. Notably, the capability of achieving remote readout of the signal is emphasized.Indeed, as the ability to minimize electronic components within the sensor is crucial for low-noise applications, we will explore the synergy with remote optical readout technology, such asthe one developed at ESEO (Engineering School in Angers, France). This opens the path tobroader applications across various type of geoscience sensors.
Global anthropogenic emissions (CAMS-GLOB-ANT) for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service simulations of air quality forecasts and reanalyses
Authors: Soulie Antonin , Granier Claire , Darras Sabine , Zilbermann Nicolas , Doumbia Thierno , Guevara Marc , Jalkanen Jukka-Pekka , Keita Sekou , Liousse Cathy , Crippa Monica , Guizzardi Diego , Hoesly Rachel , Smith Steven J.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Anthropogenic emissions are the result of many different economic sectors, including transportation, power generation, industrial, residential and commercial activities, waste treatment and agricultural practices. Air quality models are used to forecast the atmospheric composition, analyze observations and reconstruct the chemical composition of the atmosphere during the previous decades. In order to drive these models, gridded emissions of all compounds need to be provided. This paper describes a new global inventory of emissions called CAMS-GLOB-ANT, developed as part of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS; https://doi.org/10.24380/eets-qd81, Soulie et al., 2023). The inventory provides monthly averages of the global emissions of 36 compounds, including the main air pollutants and greenhouse gases, at a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° in latitude and longitude, for 17 emission sectors. The methodology to generate the emissions for the 2000–2023 period is explained, and the datasets are analyzed and compared with publicly available global and regional inventories for selected world regions. Depending on the species and regions, good agreements as well as significant differences are highlighted, which can be further explained through an analysis of different sectors as shown in the figures in the Supplement.
SDUST2020MGCR: a global marine gravity change rate model determined from multi-satellite altimeter data
Authors: Zhu Fengshun , Guo Jinyun , Zhang Huiying , Huang Lingyong , Sun Heping , Liu Xin
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Investigating the global time-varying gravity field mainly depends on GRACE/GRACE-FO gravity data. However, satellite gravity data exhibit low spatial resolution and signal distortion. Satellite altimetry is an important technique for observing the global ocean and provides many consecutive years of data, which enables the study of high-resolution marine gravity variations. This study aims to construct a high-resolution marine gravity change rate (MGCR) model using multi-satellite altimetry data. Initially, multi-satellite altimetry data and ocean temperature–salinity data from 1993 to 2019 are utilized to estimate the altimetry sea level change rate (SLCR) and steric SLCR, respectively. Subsequently, the mass-term SLCR is calculated. Finally, based on the mass-term SLCR, the global MGCR model on 5′ × 5′ grids (SDUST2020MGCR) is constructed by applying the spherical harmonic function method and mass load theory. Comparisons and analyses are conducted between SDUST2020MGCR and GRACE2020MGCR resolved from GRACE/GRACE-FO gravity data. The spatial distribution characteristics of SDUST2020MGCR and GRACE2020MGCR are similar in the sea areas where gravity changes significantly, such as the eastern seas of Japan, the western seas of the Nicobar Islands, and the southern seas of Greenland. The statistical mean values of SDUST2020MGCR and GRACE2020MGCR in global and local oceans are all positive, indicating that MGCR is rising. Nonetheless, differences in spatial distribution and statistical results exist between SDUST2020MGCR and GRACE2020MGCR, primarily attributable to spatial resolution disparities among altimetry data, ocean temperature–salinity data, and GRACE/GRACE-FO data. Compared with GRACE2020MGCR, SDUST2020MGCR has higher spatial resolution and excludes stripe noise and leakage errors. The high-resolution MGCR model constructed using altimetry data can reflect the long-term marine gravity change in more detail, which is helpful in studying seawater mass migration and its associated geophysical processes. The SDUST2020MGCR model data are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10701641 (Zhu et al., 2024).
A 30 m annual cropland dataset of China from 1986 to 2021
Authors: Tu Ying , Wu Shengbiao , Chen Bin , Weng Qihao , Bai Yuqi , Yang Jun , Yu Le , Xu Bing
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Accurate, detailed, and up-to-date information on cropland extent is crucial for provisioning food security and environmental sustainability. However, because of the complexity of agricultural landscapes and lack of sufficient training samples, it remains challenging to monitor cropland dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolutions across large geographical extents, especially for regions where agricultural land use is changing dramatically. Here we developed a cost-effective annual cropland mapping framework that integrated time-series Landsat satellite imagery, automated training sample generation, as well as machine learning and change detection techniques. We implemented the proposed scheme to a cloud computing platform of Google Earth Engine and generated a novel dataset of China's annual cropland at a 30 m spatial resolution (namely CACD). Results demonstrated that our approach was capable of tracking dynamic cropland changes in different agricultural zones. The pixel-wise F1 scores for annual maps and change maps of CACD were 0.79 ± 0.02 and 0.81, respectively. Further cross-product comparisons, including accuracy assessment, correlations with statistics, and spatial details, highlighted the precision and robustness of CACD compared with other datasets. According to our estimation, from 1986 to 2021, China's total cropland area expanded by 30 300 km2 (1.79 %), which underwent an increase before 2002 but a general decline between 2002 and 2015, and a slight recovery afterward. Cropland expansion was concentrated in the northwest while the eastern, central, and southern regions experienced substantial cropland loss. In addition, we observed 419 342 km2 (17.57 %) of croplands that were abandoned at least once during the study period. The consistent, high-resolution data of CACD can support progress toward sustainable agricultural use and food production in various research applications. The full archive of CACD is freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7936885 (Tu et al., 2023a).
Long-runout landslides with associated longitudinal ridges in Iceland as analogues of Martian landslide deposits
Authors: Magnarini Giulia , Champagne Anya , Morino Costanza , Beck Calvin , Philippe Meven , Decaulne Armelle , Conway Susan J.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Much work has been done to study the behaviour of long-runout landslides and their associated longitudinal ridges, yet the origin of the hypermobility of such landslides and the formation mechanism of longitudinal ridges are poorly understood. As terrestrial long-runout landslides emplaced on glaciers commonly exhibit longitudinal ridges, the presence of these landforms has been used to infer the presence of ice on Mars, where hundreds of well-preserved long-runout landslides with longitudinal ridges are found. However, the presence of the same landforms in regions where extensive glaciations did not occur, for instance, on the Moon and in the Atacama region on Earth, suggests that ice is not the only factor influencing the formation of long-runout landslides with longitudinal ridges. Iceland is a unique region for its high spatial density of well-preserved long-runout landslides with longitudinal ridges. Here, we compiled the first catalogue of Icelandic long-runout landslides with longitudinal ridges, and we compared them with Martian long-runout landslides with longitudinal ridges of similar length. Moreover, we present detailed morphological observations of the Dalvík landslide deposit, in the Tröllaskagi peninsula, Iceland, and compare them with morphological observations of Martian landslides. Our results show that Icelandic long-runout landslides share key features with Martian analogue deposits, including splitting of longitudinal ridges and development of associated en echelon features. Therefore, Icelandic long-runout landslides with longitudinal ridges represent good morphological analogues of Martian long-runout landslides. Moreover, Iceland offers an opportunity to investigate the occurrence of these landforms at a regional scale, as well as their link with deglaciation following the Last Glacial Maximum, which could also provide insights into Martian palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental conditions.
Assessing locations susceptible to shallow landslide initiation during prolonged intense rainfall in the Lares, Utuado, and Naranjito municipalities of Puerto Rico
Authors: Baum Rex L. , Brien Dianne L. , Reid Mark E. , Schulz William H. , Tello Matthew J.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Hurricane Maria induced about 70 000 landslides throughout Puerto Rico, USA, including thousands each in three municipalities situated in Puerto Rico's rugged Cordillera Central range. By combining a nonlinear soil-depth model, presumed wettest-case pore pressures, and quasi-three-dimensional (3D) slope-stability analysis, we developed a landslide susceptibility map that has very good performance and continuous susceptibility zones having smooth, buffered boundaries. Our landslide susceptibility map enables assessment of potential ground-failure locations and their use as landslide sources in a companion assessment of inundation and debris-flow runout. The quasi-3D factor of safety, F3, showed strong inverse correlation to landslide density (high density at low F3). Area under the curve (AUC) of true positive rate (TPR) versus false positive rate (FPR) indicated success of F3 in identifying head-scarp points (AUC = 0.84) and source-area polygons (0.85 ≤ AUC ≤ 0.88). The susceptibility zones enclose specific percentages of observed landslides. Thus, zone boundaries use successive F3 levels for increasing TPR of landslide head-scarp points, with zones bounded by F3 at TPR = 0.75, very high; F3 at TPR = 0.90, high; and the remainder moderate to low. The very high susceptibility zone, with 118 landslides km−2, covered 23 % of the three municipalities. The high zone (51 landslides km−2) covered another 10 %.
Designing our Thinking: Examining the Effects of Experiential Learning and Design Thinking on Creativity, Innovation, and Collaboration Skills Development in the Undergraduate Classroom
Authors: Dorland AnneMarie
Published: May 2024

This paper shares initial findings from a study of the way that design thinking and experiential learning informed approaches to teaching can help programs and institutions in the higher education community meet the teaching and learning objectives identified by the World Economic Forum (WEF) as critical for our global future. The project surveyed undergraduate students in a large first year introductory course to learn more about how design thinking based learning practices might serve to extend an experiential learning pedagogical approach toward the successful development of innovation, creativity, interpersonal, self-paced, problem-based and lifelong learning skills. Results from the survey of 600 students reveal that using a design thinking model of learning as part of an experiential learning curriculum may be an effective way to enhance the development of the identified skills and approaches within an experiential learning framework. Students who experienced the addition of design thinking based learning practices to an experiential learning framework reported higher levels of confidence in their innovation and creativity skills and were more likely to seek opportunities for collaboration and self-paced learning than those who participated in an experiential learning focused section of the same class. This article provides an illustration of the impact of using design thinking as an extension of experiential learning in an undergraduate higher education class and offers recommendations for institutions and professional programs seeking to meet World Economic Forum Education 4.0 Initiative goals.
Navigating Nursing Student Anxiety: A Conceptual Model
Authors: McKendrick-Calder Lisa Anne , Shumka Christine , Heuver Tanya , Pollard Cheryl , Morey Kylie , Chase Thomas , Solanki Shivani
Published: May 2024

Nursing students experience high rates of anxiety (Gurková & Zeleníková, 2018; Mills et al., 2020; Wedgeworth, 2016) but little is known about the relationship between anxiety and the learning environment. This study intended to explore and better understand what components of the learning environment are impacted by or impact anxiety. This research utilized a grounded theory approach utilizing constant comparative analysis of findings to develop a theoretical model that identifies and describes the components of the learning environment that impact anxiety. Focus groups revealed that educator practices, participants' sense of self, and social determinants of health impacted student experiences of anxiety. Participants also identified several protective factors including self-management and self-care strategies, professional mental health resources, and relationships. The model provides a conceptual framework that can be used as a resource to guide practices of nurse educators and administrators as they reflect on the relationships between intrinsic and external factors, including the learning environment.
Learner-Educator Co-creation: A Case for Enhancing Authentic Assessment in Nursing Education
Authors: Killam Laura A. , Camargo-Plazas Pilar , Luctkar-Flude Marian
Published: May 2024

Authentic assessments support learner needs and meaningful learning by requiring students to use knowledge in a way that develops their competence to solve problems in professional contexts. Improved integration of authentic assessment in nursing education is needed to better prepare learners for practice. The focus of this critical discussion paper is on 1) improving existing definitions of authentic assessment, and 2) arguing that learner-educator co-creation is a strategy for improving authenticity. We advocate for including the following as essential elements of authenticity in nursing assessments; (1) realistic context or tasks; (2) cognitive complexity and appropriate challenge; (3) inclusion of strategies to promote evaluative judgement; and (4) degree of collaboration. Then we illustrate how co-creation improves each of these elements of authenticity, which has not been previously done in the literature.  Combining authentic assessment with co-creation is argued to promote meaningful, inclusive, and caring learner-educator relationships that have a lasting impact on learner empowerment and readiness for nursing practice. Arguments in this paper are situated in a nursing context but drawn from multi-disciplinary literature. Readers are encouraged to consider how the value of combining co-creation and authentic assessment may be transferrable to other learning contexts.
How Students’ Perceptions of Assignments that Help Them Learn Can Inform Course Design Decisions
Authors: Samuel Carolyn , Dobler Eva , Maru Bruktawit , Tovar Mariela
Published: May 2024

The assessments that instructors choose to implement suggest to students where they should focus their study efforts and can thus be leveraged to engage students in learning. However, engagement is also influenced by students’ perceptions of the inherent learning value of the assessments. These perceptions should therefore be taken into account when designing assessments. Our center for teaching and learning surveyed students at a large Canadian research-intensive university to learn about their perceptions of assignments that help them learn. The goal of the investigation was to gather information that could be used to inform course design decision-making and thus improve students’ learning experience. A thematic analysis of the 106 responses received indicate that students perceive assignments to be helpful when they are hands-on, involve problem solving, have real-world application, and allow flexibility. Through a content analysis, we identified 91 (86%) of the assignments as involving higher order thinking and 14 (13%) lower order. We also identified 29 (27%) of the responses as involving the adoption of values and attitudes. While a more nuanced approach to planning assessments is needed than just doing what students say helps them learn, our students’ responses provided local examples that our instructors and other course/instructional designers can draw on to plan relevant and meaningful assessments to support students with achieving course learning outcomes.
Kimlik ve İnanç Ekseninde Ötekileştirilenler: Ezidilik ve 73.Ferman Sonrası Ezidi Göçünün Türkiye Yansımaları
Authors: YİĞİT Recep
Published: May 2024

Yazidis are an ethno-religios and ethno-cultural community whose native language is Kurdish. Plenty of distinct opinions about Yazidi Community are asserted. The major reason for these various views is the ‘a mysterious belief’ system within Yazidism. Yazidis, who have faced oppression and marginalization due to their culture and beliefs throughout history, continue to uphold their traditions despite decreasing numbers worldwide. The label of "devil worshipers" attributed to the Yazidis in many stages of history has legitimized the oppression towards Yazidis, and constant oppression and ultimately genocides have become the fate of the Yazidis. Due to pressure from fundamentalist organizations in the region, Yazidis were forced to migrate to Turkey in 2014. Yazidis have defined this forced migration as the “73rd decre” that they experienced in their history. Yazidis migrated to Turkey have been trying to find a place to live with different legal statuses. This study aims to investigate the Yazidi community, which has faced marginalization, oppression, and genocide in the Middle East due to their beliefs and identities throughout history. The focus of the study is on the legal status and implications of Yazidi migration in the “ pivot of identity and belief”. Keywords: Ezidis, İdentity, Religion, Migration, Status
Effect of Draft and Season on Physiological Responses of Bullocks
Authors: B. K. Behera  , A. K. Mohapatra  , D. Behera  , S. Swain
Published: May 2024

The study on the physiological responses of medium sized Surungi (non-descript breed of Orissa) bullocks showed that the pulse rate (PR) increased sharply after one hour of work at all drafts in all seasons except at 10 % body weight draft. But sharp rise of respiration rate (RR) was observed in summer only. Thereafter, the rise of PR and RR were gradual. The PR and RR increased significantly with draft in summer and rainy season but not in winter season. Comparison of the PR and RR within seasons at a particular draft and duration showed that PR and RR were significantly higher in summer compared to rainy and winter season. The body temperature (BT) increased gradually with duration of work in summer and rainy season but not in winter season. However, sharp rise of BT was observed in winter after 151 hour of work. The interaction of draft and duration at a particular season was non significant, whereas within season there was significant variation in BT and was highest in summer at a particular draft and duration. The PR and RR recovered to its resting values after the rest during the noon except in case of respiration rate in summer at higher draft (14% of bodyweight). The body temperature did not recover to its resting values after the rest period in the noon in all seasons
Curing Characteristics and Quality Evaluation of Turmeric Finger
Authors: R. D. Sharma  , Mohan Kumar Sinha  , Vinay Kumar
Published: May 2024

The curing characteristics of turmeric (Deshla variety) were evaluated at varying curing temperature (80, 90 and 100°C), water turmeric finger ratio (0.75: I, I: I and 1.251: 1) and different curing times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min). The optimum curing time was found to be 40 min based on the final moisture content and hardness. Moisture content and hardness of turmeric fingers after 40 min were found to be 76.21% (w.b) and 3.4 kg force, respectively. Some important physical and sensory evaluations were also carried out to test the quality of raw as well as processed turmeric. The laboratory processed turmeric fingers samples were also compared with traditionally as well as market samples. The traditionally processed samples were found inferior in all the quality attributes viz. colour, flavor, appearance and overall acceptability whereas the laboratory processed samples were at par with the market samples.
Effects of Spiked Cylinder and Saw Band Pre-Cleaners on Trash Removal Efficiency and Fibre Properties of Cotton
Authors: P G Patil  , S. K. Shukla  , T. S. Manojkumar
Published: May 2024

A study was conducted to determine the effects of spiked cylinder and saw band pre-cleaners on trash removal efficiency and fibre properties in case of three cotton samples A, Band C having staple length 29.6, 29.0 and 25.8 mm, respectively. The trash removal efficiency and different fibre attributes of four sets of pre-cleaning operations viz., spiked cylinder cleaner, saw band cylinder cleaner, saw band cum spiked cylinder pre-cleaners and spiked cylinder cum saw band pre-cleaners were compared with control. The highest trash removal efficiencies were found 21.9%, 21.5% and 26.5% in spiked cylinder cleaner cum saw band pre-cleaner combination for all the three cotton aamples A, B and C, respectively whereas in case of saw band cum spiked cylinder pre-cleaners combination were 19.5%, 17.9% and 20.5% in case of saw band cleaner were 17.1%, 15.4% and 14.7%, and in case spiked cylinder pre-cleaner were 9.8%, 12.8% and 11.8%. The test results revealed that saw band cum spiked cylinder pre-cleaners combination was less effective than spiked cylinder cum saw band pre-cleaners for cleaning of all three cotton samples tested. The test result further revealed that saw band pre-cleaner was more effective in removing trash content than spiked cylinder pre-cleaner for all the three varieties of cotton tested. There was no significant difference fibre attributes in case of all the three cotton samples tested for spiked cylinder and saw  and pre-cleaners.
Planning for Minimal Soil Loss from Crop Fields in Kandhamal District of Orissa
Authors: Dwitikrishna Panigrahi  , Milu Acharya  , P C. Senapati
Published: May 2024

The climatic data of Kandhamal district of Orissa for 17 years were analyzed and correlated with crop coefficient to find out suitable cropping periods and sequences. The soil losses per hectare of crop cultivation for the forty possible crop sequences were calculated. The food requirement of the district for nutritional sufficiency as per the recommended dietary allowance for a projected population during 201 1 was estimated. A mathematical model for optimal allocation of the cultivable areas to the crop sequences with the objective of minimization of soil loss from crop fields was formulated and solved using linear programming technique. The model suggested to take up food crops in an area of 1,30,777 ha with a cropping intensity of 161 per cent (100 per cent in kharif, 58 per cent in pre rabi and 3 per cent in rabi) and to take up perennial grass cover in 3,223 ha resulting in loss of soil of 9489.67 thousand tons per year against the present level of 12626.95 thousand tonnes per year.
Design and Development of an Axial Flow Thresher for Seed Crops
Authors: N K Bansall  , Shiv Kumar Lahan
Published: May 2024

An axial flow thresher was designed and developed to maintain the seed quality of major oil seed and pulse crops. Major features of the thresher are minimum injury to seed, higher seed recovery and good seed quality, easy feeding and less fatigue to labour. The cylinder speed and aspirator speed are independent and very convenient to vary as per seed size. It has provision of easy adjustment of concave clearance, sieve clearance and slope of sieves. At optimum combination of cylinder sped and concave clearance at different seed moisture contents to thresh oilseeds and pulse crops, the performance parameters were within acceptable ranges of visible seed damage 12% and threshing efficiency 195% with threshed seed germination percentage of green gram (88%), black gram (90%), soybean (90%). chickpea (90%) and sunflower (86%). The germination percentages were above the minimum seed standards suggested by ISTA, (1999).
Influence of Meteorological Parameters on Pan Evaporation at Agartala
Authors: D. Jhajharia  , G Agrawal  , M. S. Sevda
Published: May 2024

Evaporation is one of the vital processes in the water resources planning and management. The influence of meteorological parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration, vapour pressure. wet bulb temperature, number of rainy days and wind speed on pan evaporation at Agartala was examined. The linear and exponential methods were used to check the correlation between various individual meteorological parameters and pan evaporation. The multiple regression analysis was also carried out to observe the combined effect of all the meteorological parameters on pan evaporation over Agartala. The wind speed and the mean temperature were found to have positive and significant influence on pan evaporation. In case of combined effect of various meteorological parameters on pan evaporation at Agartala. the pan evaporation was affected by mean temperature, wind speed, sunshine hours and mean relative humidity.
Adequacy of Crop Residue Biomass as Renewable Energy Source for Tea Drying in Assam: A Spatial Assessment Debendra Chandra Baruah
Authors: Moonmoon Hiloidhari
Published: May 2024

Assarn is the largest tea producing state with an annual contribution of about 51% of nation's production. Coal, TD 011, and natural gas are used in tea drying as a source of thermal energy. Crop residue biomass is considered as a potential substitute of fossil energy. Availability of sufficient biomass in the vicinity of user location, avoiding costly transportation, is one of the major considerations. The present investigation makes a spatial analysis of paddy crop residue biomass availability vis-A-vis energy demand in tea drying in ten spatial units representing all the dismcts of Assam. Paddy is a major crop in Assarn and grown in all the districts. Energy availability from paddy crop residue biomass was compared with the thermal energy demand for tea drying. Husk fuelled gasification and straw fired combustion technologies were considered with assumed levels of energy conversion efficiencies. The analysis indicated that tea drying in Assam required 12.43 PJ of thermal energy annually. Total annual available bio-energy was estimated as 5.09 PJ and 23.37 PJ from paddy husk and paddy straw, respectively. Overall, bio-energy availability from paddy husk would be sufficient to fulfil only 40.97% of the demand of the state. However, entire thermal energy demand for tea drying in Goalpara, Kamrup, Lakhimpur, Nagaon and Karbi-Anglong could be fulfilled through husk generated bio-energy in these districts. For the state as a whole as well as in seven spatial units (baring Dibrugarh, Sivasagar and North Cachar), bio-energy available from paddy straw would be adequate to fulfil the thermal energy demand for tea drying. Dibrugarh and Sivasagar were deficient in paddy residue biomass. An index is defined to test the adequacy of crop residue biomass to support energy demand in tea processing as ratio of growing areas of paddy and tea. The districts with ratio more than 3.58 were found to meet the resource adequacy criteria
Effect of Temperature and Time on Thermal Disinfestation of Green Gram
Authors: K. K. Singh  , N. Kotwaliwale  , Ranjeet Singh
Published: May 2024

Insect infestation accounts for majority of losses during storage of green gram. Chemical methods to prevent these losses, though effective and widely used, lead to undesirable consequences. The present study was initiated to explore possibility of using thermal disinfestation technique to control insect-pests. The exposure temperature and time to attain 100% mortality of insects (Callosobruchus Chinensis L.) and eggs in green gram were studied. The different optimum temperature and time combinations for mortality of insects were found as 50°C–5 min, 55°C–1 min, and 60°C–45 s. However, 55oC–300 s and 60oC–120 s were suitable for 100% egg mortality.
8. MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN NHIỄM TRÙNG VẾT MỔ SAU MỔ LẤY THAI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA THÁI NGUYÊN NĂM 2022
Authors: Anh Nguyễn Thị , Hiệp Vũ Văn , Vĩnh Hoàng Đức , Anh Ngô Toàn , Thái Nguyễn Thị Thu , Huệ Đoàn Thị
Published: May 2024

Mục tiêu: Xác định một số yếu tố liên quan đến kết quả sử dụng kháng sinh dự phòng nhiễm khuẩn vết mổ ở sản phụ sau mổ lấy thai tại Bệnh viện Trung Ương Thái Nguyên năm 2022.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 184 thai phụ được chỉ định mổ lấy thai có sử dụng kháng sinh dự phòng tiêm tĩnh mạch.
Kết quả: Độ tuổi trung bình là 28,36 ± 5,0 tuổi, trong đó có 1,6% trường hợp bị NKVM phải đổi phác đồ (3/184) trong đó cả 3 trường hợp nhiễm khuẩn vết mổ đều là nhiễm khuẩn nông. Các yếu tố liên quan với nhiễm khuẩn vết mổ (p<0,05), bao gồm: Độ tuổi (>35 tuổi), số lần sinh (sinh lần 3 trở lên) và thời gian nằm viện (≥7 ngày).
Kết luận: Tỷ lệ sau mổ lấy thai không bị nhiễm khuẩn ở các sản phụ có sử dụng kháng sinh dự phòng là 98,4 %. Một số yếu tố liên quan đến tỷ lệ nhiễm khuẩn vết mổ ở các sản phụ có dùng kháng sinh dự phòng là độ tuổi, số lần mổ và thời gian nằm viện có liên quan đến NKVM.
30. ĐẶC ĐIỂM VI KHUẨN VÀ KẾT QUẢ KHÁNG SINH ĐỒ TRONG VIÊM MŨI XOANG CẤP Ở TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN SẢN NHI NGHỆ AN
Authors: Hùng Phạm Văn , Tuấn Bùi Viết , Dũng Nguyễn Anh , Thu Lê Thị Mai
Published: May 2024

Mục tiêu: Xác định một số vi khuẩn gây bệnh viêm mũi xoang cấp và mức độ nhạy cảm với kháng sinh của vi khuẩn trong viêm mũi xoang cấp ở trẻ em tại Bệnh viện Sản nhi Nhệ An từ tháng 3/2022 đến tháng 9/2022.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang tiến hành trên 42 trẻ viêm mũi xoang cấp nhiễm khuẩn tại khoa hô hấp Bệnh viện Sản nhi Nghệ An thông qua việc thăm khám lâm sàng, kết hợp nội soi tai mũi họng bằng ống nội soi Karl-storz đường kính 2.7mm và xét nghiệm định danh vi khuẩn gây bệnh.
Kết quả: Trong 42 trẻ được thăm khám và lấy mẫu xét nghiệm vi sinh cho kết quả 3 loài vi khuẩn hay gặp nhất là Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Heamophilus Influenzae và Moraxella Catarrhalis với tỷ lệ lần lượt là 65,2%; 17,4% và 13,0%. Các loài vi khuẩn nhạy cảm khá cao từ 75-100% với kháng sinh Amoxicillin + Axít clavulanic. Kháng sinh Cefuroxime và Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole có độ nhạy cảm thấp ở hầu hết các nhóm vi khuẩn. Các nhóm kháng sinh ít được chỉ định cho trẻ em, đặc biệt Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin và Levofloxacin có độ nhạy cảm cao với tất cả các nhóm vi khuẩn hay gặp. Nuôi cấy định danh vi khuẩn trong viêm xoang cấp tính trẻ em giúp cho bác sĩ lâm sàng định hướng sử dụng kháng phù hợp để điều trị và cần có nghiên cứu với cỡ mẫu lớn hơn để có một cái nhìn toàn diện về vi khuẩn gây bệnh và cách lựa chọn kháng sinh điều trị thích hợp nhất.
Kết luận: Vi khuẩn gây bệnh phổ biến trong viêm mũ xoang cấp trẻ em là Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Heamophilus Influenzae và Moraxella Catarrhalis và đều có sự nhạy cảm khá cao từ 75-100% với kháng sinh Amoxcillin + Axít clavulanic. Các kháng sinh Cephalosporin thế hệ 3 như Ceftriaxone và Cefotaxime và nhóm kháng sinh β-lactam khác ít sử dụng như Cefepime, Ceftazidime, Imipenem, Meropenem nhạy cảm cao với các loại vi khuẩn hay gặp với tỷ lệ từ 66,7%-100%. Thăm khám lâm sàng kết hợp xét nghiệm định danh vi khuẩn và kháng sinh đồ là phương hiệu quả trong điều trị.
32. ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ ÁP XE CƠ THẮT LƯNG CHẬU TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NGUYỄN TRI PHƯƠNG GIAI ĐOẠN 2018-2022
Authors: Long Huỳnh Thanh , Nhân Huỳnh Nhất Cao , Khiêm Nguyễn Mạnh
Published: May 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Áp xe cơ thắt lưng chậu (Áp xe cơ psoas) là một tình trạng bệnh lý hiếm gặp. Các triệu chứng lâm sàng của áp xe cơ thắt lưng chậu thứ phát thường không điển hình. Đề tài này nhằm tìm hiểu các các đặc điểm bệnh lý giúp chẩn đoán và điều trị sớm các trường hợp áp xe cơ thắt lưng chậu.
Mục tiêu: Mô tả các đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và kết quả điều trị của bệnh nhân áp xe cơ thắt lưng chậu có can thiệp.
Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả hồi cứu các bệnh nhân đã được chẩn đoán áp xe cơ thắt lưng chậu và điều trị tại Bệnh viện Nguyễn Tri Phương từ tháng 01/2018 đến tháng 12/2022.
Kết quả: Trong 29 TH có tuổi trung bình 56,8 ± 14,8; độ tuổi từ 25 đến 83 tuổi. Nam chiếm 44,8%, nữ chiếm 55,2%, tỷ lệ nam:nữ là 4:5. Tiền căn đái tháo đường 65,5%, viêm thân sống đĩa đệm 31,0%. Sốt là lý do nhập viện nhiều nhất (58,6%). Ổ áp xe cơ Psoas đa số bên phải (62,1%), cả 2 bên là 6,9%. Kết quả cấy mủ âm tính 55,2%, dương tính nhiều nhất với E. Coli (20,7%); có 2 trường hợp PCR lao dương tính (chiếm 6,9%). Hai phác đồ kháng sinh sử dụng nhiều nhất là Ceftriaxon + Metronidazole (31%) và Carbapenem + Linezolide (17,2%). Sau khi can thiệp phẫu thuật, chỉ số bạch cầu và thể tích ổ áp xe giảm có ý nghĩa thống kê (p<0,05). Thời gian nằm viện trung bình 19,7 ± 11,3 ngày.
Kết luận: Áp xe cơ Psoas là bệnh lý phức tạp, triệu chứng lâm sàng không điển hình. Phẫu thuật dẫn lưu ổ áp xe cơ Psoas có ý nghĩa quan trong trong việc giải quyết ổ nhiễm trùng. Tuy vậy, điều trị áp xe cơ Psoas thường có thời gian nằm viện lâu.
37. KẾT QUẢ VỀ PHÍA CON Ở THAI PHỤ NHIỄM COVID-19 TẠI BỆNH VIỆN PHỤ SẢN HÀ NỘI
Authors: Đạt Đỗ Tuấn , Hà Nguyễn Thị Thu , Thương Phan Thị Huyền
Published: May 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả kết quả về phía con ở thai phụ nhiễm Covid 19 tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 1261 thai phụ nhiễm Covid-19 có tuổi thai từ 22 tuần trở lên nhập viện điều trị tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội từ tháng 12/2021 đến tháng 4/2022.
Kết quả: Tuổi thai trung bình khi sinh là 38,4 ± 2,1 tuần. Thai phụ nhiễm Covid mức độ nhẹ và trung bình chủ yếu kết thúc thai kỳ ở tuổi thai ≥ 37 tuần (88,3% và 83,6%). Thai phụ nhiễm Covid mức độ nặng kết thúc thai kỳ chủ yếu ở 32-37 tuần (52,1%). Cân nặng sơ sinh trung bình là 3017 ± 536,9 gram, chủ yếu sơ sinh có cân nặng ≥2500gram (88,0%). Tỷ lệ trẻ sinh ra bị nhiễm covid là 0,5%, cần hỗ trợ điều trị hô hấp là 6,8%, vàng da sơ sinh phải điều trị là 5,5%, nhiễm trùng sơ sinh chiếm 1,5%, cần nhập viện điều trị tích cực là 9,2% và tử vong là 0,8%. Số ngày điều trị trung bình là 12,34 ± 14,1 ngày, chủ yếu < 7 ngày (46,2%).
Kết luận: Nhiễm Covid-19 làm tăng tỷ lệ kết thúc thai kỳ sớm đồng thời làm tăng tỷ lệ bệnh tật và tử vong ở sơ sinh, đặc biệt liên quan đến suy hô hấp và nhập viện điều trị tích cực. Vì vậy, cần có chiến lược tiêm vắc xin phòng bệnh cho thai phụ và phụ nữ có kế hoạch mang thai.
2017 Anayasa Değişikliklerinin Siyasi İktidarın Hukuk Devleti İlkesi Aracılığıyla Sınırlandırılması Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Özdemir Samet
Published: May 2024

İktidarın sınırlandırılması, hangi siyasal yönetim sistemi içerisinde olursa olsun, her türlü güç ve yetkinin kötüye kullanılmasının engellenmesini ifade etmektedir. Güç kullanma tekeline sahip olan siyasi iktidarın toplumsal düzenin ve barışın sağlanmasında çok önemli rolü vardır. Ancak bu gücün kötüye kullanılması tehlikesi her zaman mümkündür. Siyasal iktidarın sahip olduğu gücün kötüye kullanılmasını ve bunun yıkıcı sonuçlarını engellemenin yolu, ancak bu iktidarın sınırlandırılması, dengelenmesi ve denetlenmesiyle mümkündür. Özgürlüğün ve güvenliğin sağlanabilmesi için siyasi iktidarın sınırlandırılması gerektiğinin bilincine varan insanoğlu, iktidarı sınırlandırmanın araçlarını ve kurallarını bulmaya çabalamıştır. Günümüzde hukuk devleti ilkesi, siyasi iktidarı sınırlandırmanın en etkili araçlarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu makalenin konusunu, hukuk devleti ilkesi ile siyasi iktidarın sınırlandırılması arasındaki ilişki oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, siyasi iktidarı sınırlandırmanın en etkili araçlarından biri olan hukuk devleti ilkesinin 2017 anayasa değişikliği sonrasında değişime uğrayıp uğramadığı, yapılan değişikliklerin hukuk devleti ilkesini güçlendirme yönünde mi yoksa zayıflatma yönünde mi olduğunu analiz etmek ve neticede siyasi iktidarın sınırlandırılması bağlamında hukuk devleti ilkesiyle ilgili anayasal düzenlemeler hakkında genel bir değerlendirmede bulunmaktır. Çalışmada ulaşılan temel bulgu, 2017 Anayasa değişikliklerinin hukuk devleti ilkesini zayıflattığı, dolayısıyla anayasal sistemin iktidarın kötüye kullanılmasını önleyecek düzeyden yoksun olduğudur.
Cistite folicular: relato de caso e revisão de literatura
Authors: Bellini Gabriela Canali Locatelli , Santini Nicole , Menegasso Jorge Alberto , Tregnago Aline Caldart
Published: May 2024

A cistite folicular é uma patologia proliferativa benigna com padrão histológico patognomônico. Acomete principalmente mulheres e relaciona-se com exposição a possíveis agentes agressores com sintomas inespecíficos. Apresenta-se o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, latino-americana, 68 anos, ex-tabagista, hipertensa há 15 anos e portadora de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 há 28 anos com antecedente clínico de 3 episódios agudos de litíase renal, o primeiro há 15 anos, além de infecções urinárias de repetição. A paciente apresentava hematúria há 1 mês, além de nictúria, relatando aumento da frequência e redução do volume miccional. O diagnóstico da patologia se deu por meio da cistoscopia com biópsia vesical, que demonstrou a presença de folículos linfóides ativados na lâmina própria, subjacentes a urotélio inflamado e sem atipias. A cistite folicular é uma doença extremamente rara, muito pouco descrita na literatura nacional e internacional e não possui campos de pesquisa relevantes até o momento. Sendo assim, demonstramos aqui a importância da investigação clínica em conjunto com a análise histológica da biópsia vesical, fundamentais para o diagnóstico e tratamento adequado da cistite folicular.