bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Intermittent Structures on the Spectral Index of Magnetic field in the Slow Solar Wind
Authors: Wang Xin , Fan Xuanhao , Wang Yuxin , Wu Honghong , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Intermittent structures are ubiquitous in the solar wind turbulence, and they can significantly affect the power spectral index of magnetic field fluctuations which reflects the cascading process of the turbulence. However, the relationship between intermittency magnitude and the spectral index has not been shown yet. Here we present the continuous variation of the magnetic spectral index in the inertial range as a function of the intermittency magnitude. By using the measurements from the WIND spacecraft, we find 42,272 intervals with different levels of intermittency magnitude and with duration of 5–6 minutes from 46 slow-wind streams between 2005 and 2013. Among them, each of the intermittent intervals is composed of one dominant intermittent structure and background turbulent fluctuations. For each interval, a spectral index αB is determined for the Fourier spectrum of magnetic field fluctuations in the inertial range between 0.01 Hz and 0.3 Hz. A parameter Imax, which corresponds to the maximum of the trace of partial variance increments of the intermittent structure, is introduced as an indicator of the intermittency magnitude. Our statistical result shows that as Imax increases from 0 to 20, the magnetic spectrum becomes steeper gradually and the spectral index αB decreases from -1.63 to -2.01. Accordingly, an empirical relation is established between αB and Imax. The result will help us to know more details about the contributions of the intermittent structures on the power spectra, and further about the physical nature of the energy cascade taking place in the solar wind. It will also help to improve the turbulence theories that contains intermittent structures.
Mean age from observations in the lowermost stratosphere: an improved method and interhemispheric differences
Authors: Wagenhäuser Thomas , Jesswein Markus , Keber Timo , Schuck Tanja , Engel Andreas
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Age of stratospheric air is a concept commonly used to evaluate transport timescales in atmospheric models. The mean age can be derived from observations of a single long-lived trace gas species with a known tropospheric trend. Commonly, deriving mean age is based on the assumption that all air enters the stratosphere through the tropical (TR) tropopause. However, in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) close to the extra-tropical (exTR) tropopause cross tropopause transport needs to be taken into account. We introduce the new exTR-TR method, which considers exTR input into the stratosphere in addition to TR input. We apply the exTR-TR method to in situ SF6 measurements from three aircraft campaigns (PGS, WISE and SouthTRAC) and compare results to those from the conventional TR-only method. Using the TR-only method, negative mean age values are derived in the LMS close to the tropopause during the WISE campaign in northern hemispheric (NH) fall 2017. Using the new exTR-TR method instead, the number and extent of negative mean age values is reduced. With our new exTR-TR method we are thus able to derive more realistic values of typical transport times in the LMS from in situ SF6 measurements. Absolute differences between both methods range from 0.3 to 0.4 years among the three campaigns. Interhemispheric differences in mean age are found when comparing seasonally overlapping campaign phases from the PGS and the SouthTRAC campaigns. On average, within the lowest 65 K potential temperature above the tropopause the NH LMS is 0.5 years ± 0.3 years older around March 2016 than the southern hemispheric (SH) LMS around September 2019. The derived differences between results from the exTR-TR method and the TR-only method, as well as interhemispheric differences are higher than the sensitivities of the exTR-TR method to parameter uncertainties, which are estimated to be below 0.22 years for all three campaigns.
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-induced hydrological anomalies in central Chile
Authors: van Dongen Renee , Scherler Dirk , Wendi Dadiyorto , Deal Eric , Mao Luca , Marwan Norbert , Meier Claudio I.
Published: December 2022

Abstract. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major driver of climatic anomalies around the globe. How these climatic anomalies translate into hydrological anomalies is important for water resources management, but difficult to predict due to the non-linear relationship between precipitation and river discharge, and contrasts in hydrological response in regions with different hydrological regimes. In this study we investigate how ENSO-induced climatic anomalies translate into hydrological anomalies by focussing on Central Chile (29–42° S), a relatively small area affected by ENSO, that displays steep latitudinal and elevational climatic gradients. We analyse daily discharge timeseries from 178 discharge stations together with monthly temperature and precipitation data. Based on the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) we classified the discharge data for the time period 1961–2009 into El Niño (MEI>0.5), La Niña (MEI<-0.5) and non-ENSO periods (˗0.5>MEI<0.5), and calculated relative differences in mean monthly temperature, precipitation, and discharge, as compared to non-ENSO conditions. The results reveal that precipitation and specific discharge generally increase during El Niño events, while they decrease during La Niña events. However, there exist large spatial and seasonal variations. The mean monthly precipitation and specific discharge anomalies during both the El Niño and the La Niña phases are strongest in the semi-arid region (29-32° S), followed by the mediterranean (32°–36° S) and humid-temperate (36°–42° S) regions. During El Niño events, the semi-arid and mediterranean regions experience mean monthly specific discharge increases of up to +396.5 % and +104.5 %, respectively, and a considerable increase in the frequency and magnitude of high flows. In contrast, discharge in the humid-temperate region is most sensitive to rainfall deficits during La Niña events, as revealed by an increased frequency of low flows. We find that the different hydrological regimes (rainfall- or snow-dominated) show large contrasts in how ENSO-induced climatic anomalies are translated into hydrological anomalies, in that snowmelt induces a delayed discharge peak during El Niño, provides a minimum streamflow during dry La Niña conditions, and reduces the discharge variability in rivers. Finally, we discuss the implications for water resources management, highlighting the need for different ENSO prediction and mitigation strategies in central Chile, according to catchment hydrological regime.
The response of the regional longwave radiation balance and climate system in Europe to an idealized afforestation experiment
Authors: Breil Marcus , Krawczyk Felix , Pinto Joaquim
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Afforestation is an important mitigation strategy to climate change due to its carbon sequestration potential. Besides this positive biogeochemical effect on global CO2 concentrations, afforestation also affects the regional climate by changing the biogeophysical land surface characteristics. In this study, we investigate the effects of an idealized global CO2 reduction to pre-industrial conditions by a Europe-wide afforestation experiment on the regional longwave radiation balance, starting in the year 1986 from a continent entirely covered with grassland. Results show that the impact of biogeophysical processes on the surface temperatures is much stronger than of biogechemical processes. Furthermore, biogeophysically induced changes of the surface temperatures, atmospheric temperatures and moisture concentrations are as important for the regional greenhouse effect as the global CO2 reduction. While the greenhouse effect is strengthened in winter, it is weakened in summer. On annual total, a Europe-wide afforestation has a regional warming effect, despite reduced CO2 concentrations. Thus, even for an idealized reduction of the global CO2 concentrations to pre-industrial levels, the European climate response to afforestation would still be dominated by its biogeophysical effects.
Modelling floating riverine litter in the south-eastern Bay of Biscay: a regional distribution from a seasonal perspective
Authors: Ruiz Irene , Rubio Anna , Abascal Ana J. , Basurko Oihane C.
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Although rivers contribute to the flux of litter to the marine environment,
estimates of riverine litter amounts and detailed studies on floating
riverine litter behaviour once it has reached the sea are still scarce. This
paper provides an analysis of the seasonal behaviour of floating marine
litter released by rivers within the south-eastern Bay of Biscay based on
riverine litter characterizations, drifters, and high-frequency radar observations and Lagrangian simulations. Virtual particles were released in
the coastal area as a proxy of the floating fraction of riverine litter
entering from rivers and reaching the open waters. Particles were
parameterized with a wind drag coefficient (Cd) to represent their
trajectories and fate according to the buoyancy of the litter items. They
were forced with numerical winds and measured currents provided by
high-frequency radars covering selected seasonal week-long periods between
2009 and 2021. To gain a better insight into the type and buoyancy of the
items, samples collected from a barrier placed at the Deba River (Spain) were
characterized at the laboratory. Items were grouped into two categories: low-buoyancy items (objects not exposed to wind forcing, e.g. plastic bags) and
highly buoyant items (objects highly exposed to wind forcing, e.g. bottles). Overall, low-buoyancy items encompassed almost 90 % by number and
68 % by weight. Weakly buoyant items were parameterized with Cd = 0 % and
highly buoyant items with Cd = 4 %; this latter value is the result of the
joint analysis of modelled and observed trajectories of four satellite
drifting buoys released at the Adour (France), Deba (Spain), and Oria (Spain)
river mouths. Particles parameterized with Cd = 4 % drifted faster towards
the coast through the wind, notably during the first 24 h. In summer, over 97 % of particles beached after 1 week of simulation. In autumn this
value fell to 54 %. In contrast, low-buoyancy items took longer to arrive at the shoreline, particularly during spring with fewer than 25 % of
particles beached by the end of the simulations. The highest concentrations
(>200 particles km−1) were recorded during summer for Cd = 4 %
in the French region of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. Results showed that
the regions in the study area were highly affected by rivers within or
nearby the region itself. These results couple observations and a
river-by-river modelling approach and can assist decision-makers on setting
emergency responses to high fluxes of floating riverine litter and on
defining future monitoring strategies for heavily polluted regions within the
south-eastern Bay of Biscay.
Extensive and anomalous grounding line retreat at Vanderford Glacier, Vincennes Bay, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Picton Hannah Jane , Stokes Chris R. , Jamieson Stewart S. R. , Floricioiu Dana , Krieger Lukas
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, has been losing mass at an accelerating rate over recent decades in response to enhanced oceanic forcing. Overlying the Aurora Subglacial Basin, it has been referred to as the ‘weak underbelly’ of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet and is drained by several major outlet glaciers. Despite their potential importance, few of these glaciers have been studied in detail. This includes the six outlet glaciers which drain into Vincennes Bay, a region recently discovered to have the warmest intrusions of modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) ever recorded in East Antarctica. Here, we use remotely sensed optical imagery, differential satellite aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) and datasets of ice surface velocity, ice surface elevation and grounding line position, to investigate ice dynamics between 1963 and 2022. Decadal trends in frontal position are observed across the Vincennes Bay outlet glaciers, potentially correlated to variations in sea ice production. Ice surface velocities were generally stable between 2000 and 2021, with some fluctuations measured across the grounding line of Bond East Glacier. Changes in ice surface elevation were spatially variable, but a clear and consistent thinning trend was measured at Vanderford Glacier between 2003 and 2020. Enhanced rates of ice thinning were seen across each of the Vanderford, Adams, Anzac, and Underwood Glaciers between 2017 and 2020. Most importantly, our results confirm extensive grounding line retreat at Vanderford Glacier, measured at 18.6 km between 1996 and 2020. Such rapid grounding line retreat (0.8 km yr-1) is consistent with the notion that warm mCDW is able to access deep cavities formed below the Vanderford Ice Shelf, driving high rates of basal melting. With a retrograde slope observed inland along the Vanderford Trench, such oceanic forcing may have significant implications for the future stability of Vanderford Glacier.
Türkiye’de Hayvancılığın Sürdürülebilirliğine İlişkin Makro Verilerin Analizi
Authors: KESKİN Gülşen
Published: December 2022

Türkiye’de hayvancılık; et ithalatı, yem fiyatlarının yüksekliği ve gelişmiş ülkelere göre daha düşük düzeyde hayvansal ürünler tüketimi nedeniyle tartışmaların odağında yer almaktadır. Son 2.5 yıldır yaşanan Covid-19 pandemisi ise tarım ve gıda ürünlerinde bağımsızlığın önemini bir kez daha hatırlatmış ve tüm ülkelerin önceliği, tüketimin yurtiçinden sağlanması olmuştur. Bu ise ancak, üretimin sürdürülebilir olmasına bağlıdır ve üretimde ekonomik sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması da üreticilerin gelirlerinin artması ve ürün maliyetlerinin de tüketicinin bu ürünleri alabileceği düzeyde olmasına bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, hayvancılığın sürdürülebilirliği ekonomik anlamda ele alınmış ve konu makro verilerle incelenmiştir. Buna göre, hayvansal ürünlerin tüketimi gelişmiş ülkeler düzeyinden düşüktür ve artan girdi maliyetleri sonucu ürün fiyatları da yükselmiştir. Dana eti/besi yemi paritesi 2006-2021 yılları arasında 32.1’den 15.8’e (%49.1), süt/süt yemi paritesi 2.2’den 1.0’a ve yumurta/yumurta yemi paritesi ise aynı yıllarda 6.4’den 2.7’ye düşerek çiftçinin üretimi sürdürebilmesini güçleştirmiştir. Tarımsal istihdam başına düşen gelir de 2016 yılından sonra azalmış ve 2020 yılında pazarlanan hayvansal ürün değerlerine göre günlük gelirin 1.4 - 4.1 dolar arasında olduğu ve pazarlanan canlı hayvan değerleriyle bunun yaklaşık 2 katına çıktığı tahmin edilmiştir. Yurtiçi üretimin tamamının tüketilmesi durumunda ise 2008-2019 ortalama verilerine göre hayvansal ürün tüketimi kişi başına 1.33 $’dır.
Controversial issues concerning the origin of the Earth’s magnetic field
Authors: Dormy Emmanuel
Published: December 2022

The origin of the Earth's magnetic field is an apparently simple, yet challenging problem. In terms of mathematical models, dynamo action in a rotating spherical domain is the -now well established- model to account for the magnetic field of planets and stars. Whereas the relevant equations are easily written, the parameters regime relevant to the Earth's core is so extreme that a numerical solution with these parameters is out of reach of today's largest computers. This raises the daunting question of the relevance of today's state-of-the-art numerical models to the mechanisms at work within our planet. Several issues, on which researchers often disagree, naturally follow: What can we learn by comparing models with observations? Can we test numerical models against theoretical results? Can the relevant forces balance in the Earth's core be approached in numerical models? Could the unresolved small scale and rapidly varying flow be important? In this talk, I will try to place the emphasis on open and controversial issues.
Living Droplets Get to Work
Authors: Dufresne Eric
Published: December 2022

Droplets of simple liquids, like oil and water, are essential engineering fluids. Classically, we use droplets to deliver material, transport heat, and control chemical reactions. Thanks to microfluidic technology, a wealth of new applications has emerged in recent years.

Evolution, however, beat us to it. For more than a billion years, living cells have been producing microscopic droplets in the cytoplasm. These droplets have very different chemical compositions and mechanical properties than the simple liquids we encounter daily. They are thought to play an essential role in organizing chemical reactions in the cytoplasm.

Using some simplified in vitro systems, I will highlight the essential physical properties of such fluids. After describing key aspects of their bulk and interfacial thermodynamics, I will demonstrate three mechanisms that enable these droplets to do useful mechanical work. Quasistatically, droplets’ interfacial tension can deform other compliant objects. Near equilibrium, the free energy of condensation can be harnessed to remodel the surrounding matrix. If that matrix is elastic, this feeds back into the droplet’s phase behavior in some unexpected ways. When driven far from equilibrium by localized chemical reactions, droplets display stunning fluid motion, characterized by persistent cell-like motility and directed motion along chemical gradients.

Photo credits: Kathryn Rosowski, Andrea Testa
xURLLC in 6G with meshed RAN
Authors: Khoshkholghi Mohammad Ali , Mahmoodi Toktam , Pal Subhankar , Chopra Subhash , Tendulkar Mayuri , Sarka Sandip
Published: December 2022

5G Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications Technology (URLLC) will not be able to provide extremely reliable low latency services to the complex networks in 6G. Moreover, URLLC that began with 5G has to be refined and improved in 6G to provide xURLCC (extreme URLCC) with sub-millisecond latency, for supporting diverse mission-critical applications. This paper aims to highlight the importance of peer-to-peer mesh connectivity for services that require xURLLC. Deploying mesh connectivity among RAN nodes would add significant value to the current 5G New Radio (5G NR) enabling 6G to increase flexibility and reliability of the networks while reducing the inherent latency introduced by the core network. To provide a mesh connectivity in RAN, the nodes should be able to communicate with each other directly and be independent from the mobile core network so that data can be directly exchanged between base stations (gNBs) whereas certain aspects of signalling procedure including data session establishment will be managed by RAN itself. In this paper, we introduce several architectural choices for a mesh network topology that could potentially be crucial to a number of applications. In addition, three possible options to create mesh connectivity in RAN are provided, and their pros and cons are discussed in detail.
An Investigation into Saudi Arabian Final-year Student Teachers' Competency to Teach English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Elshamy Ahmed , Sheik Ayub
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to investigate final-year English major Saudi student teachers' competency to teach English as a foreign language (EFL) in schools after they graduate. There were two research objectives: identifying final-year student teachers' actual preparedness to teach EFL; exploring their perceptions of preparedness to teach EFL after graduation. An interpretive approach was employed to explore their actual preparedness to teach English as evidenced in established metrics such as Cambridge Teaching Knowledge Test (TKT) in relation to their perceptions of competency. This qualitative process was complimented by focus group discussions to explore student perceptions of their ability to teach EFL upon graduation. A total of 26 final-year student teachers were chosen to represent the sample of this study. All student teachers completed the TKT, from which six candidates were selected for the focus group discussions. The results of the TKT revealed that most of the student teachers fall into Band 2 (as per the established Band Descriptors of the TKT), which means that their teaching knowledge is satisfactory. The focus group discussions further indicated that most participants felt that the B.A. programme only partially prepared them to teach English upon graduation. Student teachers' views varied regarding their competency to teach the four language skills with most student teachers perceiving themselves as not prepared to start EFL teaching upon graduation. The broader implications of these findings suggest that a curriculum review and pedagogical best practice needs to be implemented in the BA programme at the university which is intended to produce competent EFL teachers.
The Relationship Between Reading Self-Efficacy and Perceived Use of Reading Strategies Among Saudi EFL Students
Authors: Altumigah Effat S. , Alkhaleefah Tarek A.
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to explore the relationship between reading self-efficacy and perceived use of reading strategies among Saudi EFL senior high school female students. With a correlational research design, the study data were collected by administrating two questionnaires: The Reader Self-Perception Scale (RSPS) questionnaire adapted from Henk & Melnick (1995), and the Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS) adapted from Li & Wang (2010). The two instruments were administrated to 90 Saudi senior high school female students randomly selected from three different public schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and EFL learners’ perceived use of reading strategies. The study findings revealed how Saudi senior high school students possessed more low and moderate levels than high levels of reading self-efficacy, and that metacognitive processes were the most frequently used strategies among cognitive and compensation strategies. In addition, a positive relationship between students’ reading self-efficacy and perceived use of reading strategies was detected. Pedagogical implications of the study findings and its recommendations were presented and discussed.
Code-Switching Elicitation Task in Standard Arabic, Dialectal Arabic, and English Among Bilingual Saudi Arabian Students in the United States
Authors: Bahri Sharifa
Published: December 2022

This study explores code-switching practices among bilingual Saudi Arabians within three language varieties: English, Standard Arabic (SA), and Dialectal Arabic (DA). While there are studies that examine the use of code-switching between SA and DA, and others that investigate Arabic-English code-switching, no study to date has examined natural code-switching into English in conversations of SA vs. DA as compared to code-switching into Arabic in English conversations. Controlling the language of the interviewer (English, SA, or DA), this study examines (1) the likelihood of code-switching relative to the language of the interview, (2) the rate of switches in each interview context, and (3) the mean duration of those switch segments. Results show that code-switching to Arabic was very rare in English interviews (only 0.89% of interview time was in Arabic with a switch rate of 1.74 switches/minute and average length of 0.59 s). However, participants in SA and DA interviews did code-switch to English 8.32% and 10.08% of the time, respectively. The mean rate of switches was about twice as frequent for participants interviewed in DA (14.18 switches/minute) than for participants interviewed in SA (7.21 switches/minute). Moreover, participants in SA interviews had significantly longer mean English segments than DA interviewees (1.21 s vs. 0.81 s, respectively). The results demonstrate that (1) English has the greatest impact on participants’ tendency to code-switch, (2) SA encourages code-switching in a way that aims to preserve its formal status, and (3) DA encourages code-switching the most, i.e., code-switching is an emblem of DA conversations.
FRATURAS MANDIBULARES DECORRENTES DA EXODONTIA DE TERCEIROS MOLARES INCLUSOS – REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Satie Bomeisel Melissa , Ribeiro Eduarda , Augusto Albigiante Palazzi Alexandre , Maria Tognetti Valdinéia
Published: December 2022

A fratura mandibular pode estar associada com exodontia de terceiros molares inferiores inclusos, frequentemente ocasionado pela força excessiva, procedimentos de luxação e elevação dental no ato operatório. Ademais, pode ocorrer fratura mandibular no pós-operatório devido ao enfraquecimento ósseo da região associada. É de conhecimento que há doenças que favorecem a fratura do osso mandibular pelo enfraquecimento que ela causa, como por exemplo, doenças endócrinas, doenças sistêmicas e problemas locais, como cistos e tumores. A própria mandíbula, em si, já possui áreas de menor resistência que podem ser os locais possíveis de fratura, sendo eles: o ângulo da mandíbula, o côndilo, a sínfise mandibular, o corpo e o processo coronóide. Na literatura são descritas cinco classificações possíveis de fraturas, fraturas simples, fraturas em galho, fratura composta, fratura cominutiva simples ou exposta. O diagnóstico dessas fraturas pode ser identificado através de exames físicos e clínicos e com a ajuda de exames complementares como a tomografia computadorizada e a radiografia panorâmica, onde é possível indicar certamente onde está localizada a fratura e permitir uma elaboração de plano de tratamento. A fratura mandibular é um acontecimento raro dentro da odontologia, assim o Cirurgião-Dentista deve ter pleno conhecimento técnico-científico e avaliar a conduta necessária para tratamento do paciente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar a literatura de artigos e livros sobre as fraturas mandibulares relacionadas a exodontia de terceiros molares inferiores inclusos e analisar os parâmetros da anatomia operada.
Professional Qualification in Religion for Teachers Non-Teologians: a Best Practice of the University of Library Studies and IT
Authors:   University of Library Studies and IT, Nazarska Georgeta
Published: December 2022

The article describes as a “good practice ” the experience of University of Library Studies and IT – Sofia, in conducting two courses for the acquisition of “Teacher of Religion – Islam and Non-denominational Education” additional professional qualification during 2018/2019 and 2020/2021 academic years. The results of the courses are analyzed through pedagogical diagnostics and commented on in comparison with the current European experience for training teachers in “Religion – Islam”.
Creative Reflection
Authors:   Aeres University of Applied Sciences – Wageningen, Camps Janneke
Published: December 2022

In our floral industry trend is a very important factor. As a university we are very aware of this phenomenon. Design and trends are always moving and changing and we have built this into the teaching program that we offer. We take the students for excursions to visit trend stock marketing, closely follow trend watchers, keeping an eye on the trends of fashion and living. But we have also developed assignments where students do research for innovation at their internship. So we know how to deal with these changes and to prepare students for this phenomenon. In this paper I would like to put forward how and if we can develop mental development and mental flexibility by using creative reflection and thereby preparing students for a fast world. At this moment we already do train the students to look differently to plant material and technique, in another way of designing and how to make choices. It’s important to distinguish oneself as a florist at this high level (level 5 and level 6) in the floral industry. It’s important to move with trends and have an innovative authentic vision of floral design.
ISOLATION OF SPOILING MICROMYCETES IN LIGNOCELLULOSIC RESIDUES OF CEREAL CROPS
Authors: ЕРМЕКБАЙ Ж.Н. , ОЛЕЙНИКОВА Е.А. , ДАУГАЛИЕВА С.Т. , БОКЕНОВ Д.Д. , САУБЕНОВА М.Г. , АЛТЕКЕЙ А.Б. , АЙТЖАНОВА А.А.
Published: December 2022

Вторичное лигноцеллюлозное сырье является самым крупномасштабным возобновляемым ресурсом на планете. Пожнивные остатки, в частности солома злаковых культур, повсеместно сжигаются, создавая угрозу экологии. Одним из способов использования вторичного лигноцеллюлозного сырья является культивирование высших грибов. Однако энергоемкость термической предобработки субстрата для выращивания грибов ограничивает их производство. В данной работе выделено 23 изолята плесневых грибов, засоряющих пшеничную, ячменную и овсяную солому. Выделено 2 штамма гриба Trichoderma longibrahiatum, являющегося патогеном высших целлюлозоразрушающих грибов. Изолировано два штамма Pleurotus ostreatus для дальнейшей работы по защите субстрата для культивирования с помощью микроорганизмов антагонистов.

Lignocellulosic secondary raw materials are the largest renewable resource on the planet. Crop residues, in particular cereals straws, are burned everywhere, creating a threat to the environment. One of the ways to use secondary lignocellulosic crop waste is the cultivation of higher fungi. However, the energy intensity of the thermal pretreatment of the substrate for growing mushrooms limits their production. This work identified 23 isolates of mold fungi that spoil wheat, barley, and oat straws. Two strains of the fungus Trichoderma longibrahiatum, a cellulose-destroying edible mushroom pathogen, have been isolated. Two strains of Pleurotus ostreatus were selected for further work on protecting the substrate for cultivation with antagonistic microorganisms.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PROBIOTIC STRAINS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PREVENTIVE DRINKS
Authors: АБИТАЕВА Г.К. , САРМУРЗИНА З.С. , БИСЕНОВА Г.Н. , МУСАБАЕВА Б.К. , ТУЛТАБАЕВА Т.Ч.
Published: December 2022

Объекты исследования – молочнокислые бактерии (МКБ), выделенные из биологических образцов, и коллекционные штаммы МКБ. Цель – характеристика штаммов пробиотиков для разработки напитков профилактического назначения. В процессе работыпроведен скрининг пробиотически активных штаммов МКБ, в результате которого отобрано 17 наиболее активных культур, среди которых 13 коллекционных штаммов из Биобанка промышленных микроорганизмов Республиканской коллекции микроорганизмов и 4 лабораторных изолята. Изучен пробиотический потенциал бактерий: продукция молочной кислоты, антагонизм к условно-патогенным микроорганизмам, адгезивные свойства, устойчивость к неблагоприятным условиям желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ). Идентификация с использованием системы Bruker MALDI-TOF Biotyper позволила отнести изоляты к следующим видам: Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum. В результате проведенных исследований созданы консорциумы стартерных культур из штаммов Lactobacillus paracasei 2А, Lactobacillus casei Y1, Lactobacillus plantarum 1А, Lactobacillus plantarum 17 А, Lactobacillus brevis 4 LB B-RKM 0610 и отобран оптимальный вариант, соответствующий основным технологическим характеристикам с учетом биосовместимости штаммов для включения в состав разрабатываемого напитка профилактического назначения.

The objects of study are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from biological samples and collection strains of LAB Purpose - characterization of probiotic strains for the development of preventive drinks In the course of the work, screening of probiotically active strains was carried out, as a result of which 17 cultures were selected as the most active, among them 13 collection strains from the Biobank of Industrial Microorganisms of the Republican Collection of Microorganisms and 4 laboratory isolates. The probiotic potential was studied, among which, the production of lactic acid, antagonism to opportunistic microorganisms, adhesive properties, resistance to adverse conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Identification using the Bruker MALDI-TOF Biotyper system allowed isolates to be assigned to the following species: Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum. As a result of the research, consortiums of starter cultures were created from strains of Lactobacillus paracasei2A, Lactobacillus casei Y1, Lactobacillus plantarum 1A, Lactobacillus plantarum 17 A, Lactobacillus brevis 4 LB B-RKM 0610 and the optimal variant was selected that corresponds to the main technological characteristics, taking into account the biocompatibility of strains for inclusion in the composition of the drink for preventive purposes.
Competitiveness in meso-level of biofortified foods in the south of Brazil
Authors: Voese Simone , Espejo Marcia , da Silva Marivânia
Published: December 2022

The dichotomy of micro and macro competitiveness presents some limitations as a result of the business arrangements experienced in the contemporary period. The systemic competitiveness in meso-level makes it possible to understand the interconnection between actors, involving private companies, nongovernmental entities and public policies for a particular arrangement or sector of the economy. The present study aims to analyze the Value Chain of biofortified foods in Southern Brazil, which enables to look at the link among players, based on the theory of competitiveness in meso-level approach. For that, a qualitative research was developed, with interviews being conducted, seeking to understand the participation of each player in the context of biofortified foods and the interactions and interrelationships to sustain the competitiveness of this segment in the south of Brazil. As a result, it is identified that the evolutionary path of competitiveness in bio-feed foods is found in the so-called origin phase, due to the development of initial rules, defined the meso-level conceptions with the interaction between the different actors, typical of the origin phase, but that needed to be adjusted, remodeling the relations and the insertion of new actors to maximize the competitiveness of the analyzed sector. The results also showed Meso-level activities in technology, training and education, finance, infrastructure, trading and associations have been contemplated by several of the studied players. There are also associations among the three main studied actors (Fundetec, Biolabore and Fundação Itaipu) for supporting rural producers. In relation to trade, it is carried out with multiple sources, including institutional purchases, as well as sales to industry and the final consumer. Technology is strongly being used in developing genetic material, monitoring systems and production and point of sales monitoring, as well as in the industrialization process. Despite several requirements in regard to meso-level competitiveness being met currently, its constitution is still pretty fragile, and several players perceived risks in the Project.
PENDAMPINGAN PENGUATAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PARADIGMA BARU BAGI GURU-GURU SEKOLAH MUHAMMADIYAH DI KECAMATAN BONTONOMPO SELATAN
Authors: Azis Fatimah , Kaharuddin Kaharuddin , Arifin Jamuddin , Yumriani Yumriani , Nawir Muhammad , Nursalam Nursalam , Quraisy Hidayah , Rosa Irda , Nuramal Nuramal , Karlina Yuyun
Published: December 2022

Permasalahan pokok berdasarkan kondisi guru-guru Muhammadiyah di kecamatan Bontonompo selatan adalah bahwa guru-guru masih menerapkan model pembelajaran pada umumnya yang bersifat konvensional seperti: model ceramah, tanya jawab, diskusi, penugasan dimana model itu adalah model pembelajaran yang berpusat pada guru. Pengabdian pada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi dan pendampingan penguatan model pembelajaran paradigma baru dalam peningkatan kualitas pengajaran di kelas, bagi guru-guru sekolah Muhammadiyah di kecamatan bontonompo selatan kabupaten Gowa Sulawesi Selatan. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa, dengan pendampingan ini dapat memperkenalkan model pembelajaran paradigma baru di abad 21, khususnya menerapkan kepada siswa mengenai keterampilan berpikir kritis, kreatif, keterampilan berkomunikasi dan berkolaborasi, maka pembelajaran bermakna bisa tercapai sehingga guru dapat menerapkan ragam model pembelajaran inovatif,, cara mengimplementasikan model pembelajaran, dan merancang model pembelajaran inovatif sesuai kebutuhan siswa didalam kelas dan pembelajaran dapat berpihak dan memberi kemerdekaan kepada peserta didik. Merdeka belajar memungkinkan peserta didik terlibat dalam pembelajaran sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan dan karakteristiknya.
Optimisasi Dosis dan Kualitas Citra pada Pemeriksaan Thorak Anak di Rumah Sakit Mayapada
Authors:   Rumah Sakit Mayapada, Tangerang, Banten, Yaqin Achmad Ainul , Saragih hon Hadearon ,   Rumah Sakit Mayapada, Tangerang, Banten, Tohir Rudi Sohidi ,   Rumah Sakit Mayapada, Tangerang, Banten
Published: December 2022

Chest radiography can be used as the first modality to evaluate Covid-19 patients. The dose received by pediatric patients on chest radiographic examination is of particular concern in managing the principle of optimizing protection. One way to assess the quality of an image is to use the signal differential-to-noise ratio (SdNR). The results of this study showed no correlation was found between changes in exposure factors and SdNR values. However, it offers a correlation between the Figure of Merit (FOM) and surface dose (ESD). The largest FOM value was found at an exposure factor of 55 kV with 8 mAs. The exposure factor does not exceed the established diagnostic guide level. Furthermore, it will be used as a guide for radiographers in carrying out chest examinations in pediatric patients. Keywords: Dose optimization, pediatric patients, Diagnostic Guidance Level, In-house Phantom.
God’s Power and Almightiness in Whitehead’s Thought
Authors: Oomen Palmyre
Published: December 2022

Whitehead’s position regarding God’s power is rather unique in the philosophical and theological landscape. Whitehead rejects divine omnipotence (unlike Aquinas), yet he claims (unlike Hans Jonas) that God’s persuasive power is required for everything to exist and occur. This intriguing position is the subject of this article. The article starts with an exploration of Aquinas’s reasoning toward God’s omnipotence. This will be followed by a close examination of Whitehead’s own position, starting with an introduction to his philosophy of organism and its two-sided concept of God. Thereupon, an analysis of Whitehead’s idiosyncratic view on God’s agency will show that, according to this conception, God and the world depend upon each other, and that God’s agency is a noncoercive but persuasive power. The difference between coercion and persuasion will be explained as well as the reason why God, according to Whitehead’s conception, cannot possibly coerce. Finally, a discussion of the issue of divine almightiness will allow for a reinterpretation of divine almightiness from a Whiteheadian perspective, which will show how, despite Whitehead’s rejection of God’s omnipotence, his concept retains essential elements of God as pantokrator (and thus markedly differs from Hans Jonas’s concept).
Language about God in Whitehead’s Philosophy: An Analysis and Evaluation of Whitehead’s God-Talk
Authors: Oomen Palmyre
Published: December 2022

The way Whitehead speaks of God in his “philosophy of organism,” and the evaluation thereof, is the subject of this article. The background of this issue is the position—broadly shared in theology, and here represented by Aquinas—that one should not speak “carelessly” about God. Does Whitehead violate this rule, or does his language for God express God’s otherness and relatedness to the world in a new, intriguing way? In order to answer this question, an introduction into Whitehead’s philosophy is given, and especially into his category of existence, the “actual entity.” For Whitehead, God is an actual entity, and so is the most trivial puff of existence. His perception of the similarity and greater dissimilarity between God and the worldly actual entities (and clusters thereof) is analyzed. In the main and final section of this article, these insights are used as tools to decrypt Whitehead’s God-language. Here, I compare the status of Whitehead’s and Aquinas’s statements about God, discuss Whitehead’s ideas concerning the analogical character of concrete language, and argue that in Whitehead’s philosophy too there is no discourse about God without a shift or breakdown of the “ordinary” meaning of language.
Rhythms and Drives: Quantal Ontology in Bergson’s and Nietzsche’s Naturalism
Authors: Meechan John
Published: December 2022

In this article, I draw attention to some important points of intersection in the work of Henri Bergson and Friedrich Nietzsche. In particular, I focus on the overlapping nature of their naturalisms. This proves enlightening for an overall appreciation of their respective philosophical projects but also allows those projects to be inscribed within a broader set of naturalistic traditions to which I think they contribute in interesting ways. I begin by assessing how Bergson’s and Nietzsche’s general problematics are shaped by the antinaturalistic character of their targets, more specifically the appeals to the immobile and the unconditional that they expose in their critical approaches. I move on to examine the core components of their naturalistic responses, highlighting how both thinkers extend introspective insights about the psyche and the body to make claims regarding broader activity patterns across nature and ground these new monistic continua in their concepts of rhythms (Bergson) and drives (Nietzsche). Lastly, I draw out three important consequences on which these moves jointly converge, with particular emphasis on the “quantal” nature of the ontologies they outline. Moving beyond the comparative perspective, I conclude by using these points to situate Bergson and Nietzsche among three different lineages of naturalism: metaphysical, antireductionist, and Epicurean.
Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada Materi Biologi
Authors: Hartati Hartati , Azmin Nikman , Nasir Muh. , Andang Andang
Published: December 2022

Proses belajar mengajar saat ini yang terlihat kurang mengedepankan Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) siswa, padahal aspek keterampilan proses sains merupakan dasar utama pembelajaran sains dalam pembelajaran biologi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan rancangan pre-test-pos-test control groups design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 2 Kota Bima, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas XI MIA 1 berjumlah 26 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XI SMAN 2 Kota Bima berjumlah 24 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan lembar observasi untuk melihat perbedaan keterampilan proses sains, soal tes untuk menilai hasil belajar dan lembar angket untuk melihat tanggapan siswa. Analisis keterampilan proses sains menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan keterampilan proses sains siswa kelas eksperimen yang dibelajarkan melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 72,82% atau dikategorikan aspek keterampilan siswa baik dari pada kelas kontrol yang dibelajarkan tanpa melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) sebesar 57,3% atau dikategorikan aspek keterampilan proses sains siswa cukup. Analisis respon siswa secara umum yang menyatakan sangat setuju dan setuju dengan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) sebesar 97,6% dari 26 sampel, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil tanggapan siswa terhadap model Problem Based Learning (PBL) menunjukkan kriteria sangat baik.
Kawin Beda Agama dalam Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia Prespektif HAM
Authors: Siswadi Imran , Supriadi Supriadi , Mario Mario
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini tentang perkawinan beda agama yang merupakan problem dalam hak sipil dan politik. Perihal ini bahwa dalam memilih pasangan istri setiap orang mempunyai kebebasan sendiri yang tidak bisa dibatasi oleh institusi apapun. Tipe penelitian ini tergolong penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian terhadap asas-asas hukum, penelitian terhadap sistematika hukum dan penelitian terhadap sinkronisasi hukum, sumber data yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer meliputi Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan, perkawinan di Indonesia tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan (UU Perkawinan) dan Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Pada dasarnya tindakan perlawanan terhadap perkawinan beda agama di Indonesia merupakan hal yang diskriminatif, karena tidak sesuai dengan prinsip dasar Hak Asasi Manusia yang membatasi agama. Dari hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perkawinan beda agama dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan tidak diatur secara tegas dan pasti, maka dapat dikatakan terjadi kekaburan hukum dan kebebasan terhadap praktik perkawinan beda agama di Indonesia.
Product Life Cycle Data Management and Analytics in RAMI4.0 using the Manufacturing Chain Management Platform
Authors: Chew Khai Min , Lee Wah Pheng
Published: December 2022

The RAMI4.0 model consists of three axes; the Layers axis, the Hierarchy axis, and the Life Cycle Value Stream axis. This model unifies the various aspects of I4.0 to allow data generated from manufacturing and business activities to be shared effectively. The Manufacturing Chain Management software aims to provide a platform where all three axes and their associated data are tightly integrated and can be used to provide I4.0 connectivity as well as insights into the manufacturing supply chain. A data framework is proposed whereby the data from these activities can be collected and used to make more insightful decisions about an organisations value chain, value stream, and the life cycle of their product portfolio. The MCM platform is aimed at SMEs, which generally has lesser financial ability to invest into I4.0 technologies. Hence, the MCM platform is designed to be flexible and scalable whilst maintaining compliance with international I4.0 standards. A furniture factory in Selangor, Malaysia has been chosen to implement the Value Stream Mapping aspect of the life cycle management tools in their manufacturing line to test its effectiveness.
The Use of Saba Banana (Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana) Peel as a Charcoal Substitute
Authors:   University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines, Zulueta Jr Melvin T , Caraig Renelle V ,   University of the Philippines Los Banos, Philippines, Roxas Ron Basti ,   Philippine Women’s University Calamba, Philippines, Masa Moraine Eumi ,   STI College Calamba, Philippines, Rivera Kristine Joy ,   STI College Calamba, Philippines, Batayola Neo Kan ,   STI College Calamba, Philippines
Published: December 2022

The use of charcoal has become a traditional part of the life of the Filipino people. However, there is always a widespread belief that the manufacturing of charcoal is completely unsustainable, damaging the environment and the lives of the people. By turning waste materials—primarily banana peelings—into charcoal, this study hopes to address these environmental problems by determining if they can replace traditional charcoal. The goal of the study is to compare commercial charcoal and banana peel charcoal in order to determine which is more advantageous, secure, and sustainable for both humans and the environment. Aside from that, this study also aimed to compare other variables like (1) longevity of burning, (2) longevity of cooking food, and (3) ash production. The banana peel briquettes were manufactured using various amounts and percentages of banana peels, wet paper, and sawdust, which served as an independent variable that influenced the quality of the briquette. The researchers followed the processes of sun drying, crushing, mixing, and molding. The material was formed into balls and allowed to dry for seven days prior to testing. After rigorous testing, the researchers came to the conclusion that banana charcoal would be a good substitute for commercial charcoal.