bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Sexual Cognitive System of Pansori through Data: Analyzing Shin Jae-hyo’s Works
Authors:   The Society Of Korean Oral Literature, Shin Horim , Lee Seungeun
Published: April 2024

This study analyzes the sexual cognitive system in pansori works using Shin Jae-hyo’s pansori texts as the research subject. To that end, I first extracted excerpts of sexual expressions from Shin Jae-hyo’s pansori texts such as Chunhyang-ga(NamChang), Simcheong-ga, Bak-Taryeong, Tobyol-ga, Jeokbyeok-ga, and Byeongangsoe-ga. Then, I input them on a sentence-by-sentence basis with metadata including the speaker (narrator), target of description, related characters, works, and excerpts. As a preliminary step for the quantitative analysis, I performed morphological analysis and preprocessing on the data entered in the text column. This made the language of the pansori texts suitable for digital analysis tools with the input of new information or stop words into the user dictionary.
Three analyses were attempted using the data extracted from Shin Jae-hyo’s pansori texts. First, basic statistical analysis was conducted to visualize which work had the most occurrences of sexual expressions and to examine the frequency of speaker-description target pairs when sexual expressions were uttered and their targets. Second, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling was performed to extract topics from a large collection of documents. Third, I used co-occurrence word analysis to reveal the semantic network of words constituting sexual expressions.
The findings revealed that the sexual cognitive system in pansori works is based on “deviation and return.” That is, while enjoying pansori, one can realize that forbidden desires are, indeed, common desires and can satisfy sexual fantasies. However, such desires should not persist beyond exceptional circumstances and should ultimately be concealed and transformed to abide byto societal norms. Listening to and reading pansori involves repeatedly deviating from and returning to sexuality as a theme that persists throughout the whole story.
A Study on the Composition and Activities of the Girls’ Musical Troupe Nangrangjwa(娘娘座)
Authors:   The Society Of Korean Oral Literature, Zhang Eujeong
Published: April 2024

This study comprehensively introduces the previously unrevealed girls’ musical troupe ‘Nangrangjwa’, established in 1936 and active until 1938. Consisting solely of women, the group toured with musical plays, revues, and variety shows, drawing inspiration from Japan’s Takarazuka Revue while incorporating distinctive Korean sentiments into their performances. This study traces Nangrangjwa’s history, detailing its formation, activities, and dissolution.
Furthermore, it highlights Na Seon-gyo, a popular singer and daughter of independence activist and Cheondoism elder Na Yong-hwan, who became an active member of Nangrangjwa. Despite the lack of records regarding her date of birth and death, this study seeks to elucidate her life through contemporary accounts and interviews from that era, particularly emphasizing her achievements and the agency she exercised in altering song titles and lyrics, thereby asserting leadership and autonomy in the troupe’s performances.
The brief existence of Nangrangjwa, lasting only three years, should not be dismissed as a mere failure. Its endeavors contribute to the contemporary success of girl groups, marking their early appearance. This study is significant in uncovering the real Nangrangjwa, which has not been fully recognized, and in portraying the agency of its members, challenging the prevailing negative views on girls’ theatrical troupes.
A Study on the Character of a Male Mermaid General seen through General Seolun Shrine Tales
Authors:   The Society Of Korean Oral Literature, Han Yang-ha
Published: April 2024

This study aims to investigate the character of a male mermaid general in the shrine tale General Seolun handed down on the islands near Suu Island, Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. This study found that although male mermaids rarely appear in Korean dang-folk tales or literary records, this folk tale called General Seolun has been handed down on the Suu and the nearby islands in Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do and that there is a shrine called ‘Jiryeongsa’ on Suu Island. Therefore, a shrine ceremony was held, and a character study of the shrine god ‘General Seolun’ was necessary. The shrine tale, General Seolun, was recorded by Kim Young-il from 1992 to 1996. Based on the transcription, the morphological characteristics of the dang-folk tale were identified by comparing the original interpretation of the shaman myth and the folktale structure. The morphological characteristics were revealed through the Janggundang-related tale by focusing on the shrine tale told at the shrine on a small island that was unknown at the time. This can be seen as an outstanding achievement in research. However, it also signifies the meaning of the character ‘male mermaid general’ and its narrative, which was deemed insufficient. This study was based on existing and added data after a visit to Suu Island in October 2023 to find the kind of person Seolun was as a ‘male mermaid general’. The oral data of General Seolun was reviewed and organized by dividing it into birth and miracles, growth and trials, death, and transmission attitude. The narrative characteristics reveal ambivalent meanings, such as the fate of loyalists and traitors in birth and activity, the existence of humans and non-humans in their mysterious abilities, and fear and gratitude given to the inheritors in the death stage. The shrine tale, which forms an ambivalent pair of opposites, depicts General Seolun as a character who changes through opposing values at each stage of the narrative. As a ‘male mermaid general’ in shrine tales, Seolun was, firstly, a male traitor regarding gender and possessed peripheral masculinity. Second, as biological beings, male mermaids are middle-earth beings between the god of water and humans, possessing extraordinary abilities representing physical characteristics. Third, he is a general who realizes the wishes of the fishermen regarding succession. Unlike the historically real general god, this can be seen as the fact that the contemporary perceptions and desires of the transmitters formed the shrine tale of Seolun as a ‘male mermaid general.’
INFLUÊNCIA DA INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO NO DESEMPENHO FINANCEIRO DAS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS E EUROPEIAS
Authors: Albuquerque Filho Antonio Rodrigues , André da Rocha Garcia Editinete , Carvalho de Vasconcelos Alessandra
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: analisar a influência da internacionalização no desempenho financeiro das empresas brasileiras e europeias.
Método/abordagem: Foram empregadas técnicas como estatística descritiva, testes de diferença entre médias e regressão linear múltipla, no tratamento dos dados de 2016 a 2020.
Principais Resultados: Os resultados sinalizaram que há diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as empresas brasileiras e europeias em relação a sua internacionalização e desempenho financeiro. Os resultados revelaram que a internacionalização afeta negativamente o desempenho financeiro nas empresas brasileiras, ao passo que nas empresas europeias a relação entre os construtos mostrou-se positiva.
Contribuições teóricas/práticas/sociais: a pesquisa contribui ao analisar, comparativamente, a internacionalização e o desempenho financeiro em empresas situadas em cenários econômicos e institucional divergentes fornecendo novas evidências da relação entre os construtos. Ademais, gerencialmente, evidencia aos gestores que os fatores institucionais facilitam ou dificultam o processo de internacionalização que depende de alguns fatores, dentre eles, o país de origem da empresa.
Originalidade/relevância: o estudo se diferencia de pesquisas prévias ao abordar um estudo comparativo entre empresas brasileiras e europeias no que tange ao efeito da internacionalização no desempenho financeiro das empresas.
Citizen science and learning outcomes: assessment of projects in South Africa
Authors: Sackey Nonsikelelo , Meyer Corlia , Weingart Peter
Published: April 2024

This study assessed educational goals and learning outcomes in 57 citizen science projects in South Africa. Emphasising data collection as the primary objective, the findings revealed a secondary focus on environmental awareness, protection, and management, as well as education and research advancement. Notably, educational goals were often not prioritised, and formal measures for assessing learning outcomes were infrequently employed by project leaders. The study underscores the necessity for systematic approaches to evaluate the educational impacts of citizen science projects in South Africa.
A rare case of calcified focus discharged into the tracheal lumen in a child with tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes: a clinical case
Authors: Kolpina N. Yu. , Sinitsyna A. V. , Zaigraeva V. A. , Sinelnikov E. V.
Published: April 2024

The article presents a rare case of the isolation of a large calcified lesion in a 1-year-old child A., who was treated for tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes, after family contact with his grandfather, a patient with fibrocavernous tuberculosis with bacterial isolation. Bronchi and lymphatic vessels are the main routes of spread of the tuberculosis process in the lungs, and in some cases reactivation of tuberculosis foci is possible. This may be due to damage and destruction of the bronchial wall. Residual tuberculous changes, caseous masses can carry a certain danger in the form of their breakthrough into the lumen of the trachea and bronchus. Aspiration of the contents contributes to the spread of tuberculosis infection; atelectasis, atelectatic pneumonia, etc. may occur. In early childhood, asphyxia with sudden death (suffocation by caseous masses) can occur. During the treatment of tuberculosis, you may encounter rare manifestations of the X-ray picture, the details of which must be assessed in time to choose the right tactics for patient management. In the presented case, the patient did not have activation of residual tuberculous changes; a large calcified lesion was coughed up due to the disintegration of dystrophic changes in the trachea in the affected area. A favorable outcome was recorded.
Лантаны феррит (LaFeO3) нэгдлийн цахилгаан химийн шинж чанарын судалгаа
Authors: Bayansan Nomin
Published: April 2024

Энэхүү судалгааны ажилд перовскит бүтэцтэй лантан феррит (LaFeO3) нэгдлийн бүтэц, оптик шинж чанарыг хэт ягаан туяаны спектроскопоор (UV-vis spectroscopy), цахилгаан химийн шинж чанарыг циклик вольтамметрийн (Cyclic voltammetry) аргуудаар тодорхойлов. Үр дүнд LaFeO3 нэгдлийн кристаллитийн хэмжээ D = 38.9 нм, эгэл үүрийн эзлэхүүн V = 241.871 , кристалл бүтэц нь орторомбик бүхий Pnma огторгуйн групптэй байсан ба хэт ягаан туяаны спектрометрийн үр дүнгээс хориотой бүсийн өргөнийг тооцоолоход Eg = 2.26 эВ байсан. Циклик вольтамметрийн хэмжилтийн үр дүнд цахилгаан багтаамжийг тооцоолоход Cs = 1.96 Ф/г байв.
Description of nomadic turkic tribes of eastern Desht-i Qipcha-q in Muslim Writings of the First Half of the 13th century: on the Problem of Historiographical Continuity
Authors: Timokhin Dmitriy Mikhaylovich , Tishin Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: April 2024

The historical work of the first half of the 13th century “Jawāmi‘ ul-Hikāyāt wa Lawāmi‘ ul-Riwāyāt” (“A Collection of Anekdotes and Brilliant Stories”), written by Sayyīd al-Dīn Muḥammad ‘Awfī, includes a significant section on the history of the nomadic Turkic tribes of Desht-i Qipchāq. Despite the fact that this monument is well known to researchers, this section from “Jawāmi‘ ul-Hikāyāt...” has never been fully translated into Russian. It was published in the first volume of “Turkestan in the Era of the Mongol invasion” by V.V. Barthold on the basis of several handwritten lists. The purpose of this study is, on the one hand, to acquaint researchers with the content of this section from the work of Muḥammad ‘Awfī, and on the other hand, to highlight its historiographical connection with earlier monuments of Muslim historiography. The conducted research once again demonstrated the fact that the basis for the section “Jawāmi‘ ul-Hikāyāt...”, dedicated to the nomadic Turkic tribes of Desht-i Qipchāq, was the work of the first half of the XII century. “Kitāb Ṭabā’i‘ al-Ḥayawān” (“On the Nature of Animals”) by an outstanding Muslim scientist - Sharaf al-Zamān Ṭāhir al-Marwazī. For his part, Muḥammad ‘Awfī did not fully cite the story of an earlier author: the part of the text “Ṭabā’i‘ al-Ḥayawān”, where it was about the tribal union of the Qïrqïz, attracted his greatest attention. Other nomadic Turkic tribes in “Jawāmi‘ ul-Hikāyāt...” are described in much less detail, sometimes with obvious mistakes and distortions, which were made either by Muḥammad ‘Awfī himself, or by the copyist of his work, when transmitting toponyms and ethnonyms borrowed from the text of “Ṭabā’i‘ al-Ḥayawān”. Thus, the evolution of the narrative about the nomadic Turkic tribes of Desht-i Qipchāq in Muslim historiography of the 12th - early 13th centuries is quite clearly traced when comparing these two sections from “Ṭabā’i‘ alḤayawān” by al-Marwazī and “Jawāmi‘ ul-Hikāyāt...” by Muḥammad ‘Awfī.
Gender aspect in the ideology and practice of Iranian nationalism in the early 20th c.
Authors: Ardashnikova Anna N. , Konyashkina Tamara A.
Published: April 2024

Iranian history is one of those rare cases when the topic of women’s social status was raised by the ruling regimes twice - in the1920-1930s and 1970s. This fact shows firm connection of nationalist and gender discourses. Since gender issues were not only declared on behalf of the state, but were also widely discussed in the public sphere, the study uses sources of an artistic and journalistic origin, that traditionally in Iran play the role of ideological indicators. These include materials from the Iranian, mainly women’s press as well as the works of the literary corpus. The examples of poster genre, which propagandizes for the position of the state and visualizes the ideology, also serve as a valuable source for the research. The undertaken study shows that, starting from the end of the 19th century, Iranian nationalism has been intensively exploiting gender issue to proclaim its own positions, using family metaphors and a system of female symbols for political purposes. As an ideology of a modernizing society, nationalism in Iran actively used the image of the “progressive Iranian woman” as a link between the present day and the great pre-Islamic past.
Traditions of maghrebi-saheli statehood and islamic radicalism in Early XXI Century
Authors: Orlov Vladimir Viktorovich
Published: April 2024

The significance of this research topic is due to the relevance of the problems of modern state-building in the public and political life of North and West Africa. The purpose of the research project is to analyze the causes and consequences of the emergence of radical movements of political Islam in the Maghreb and Sahel at the junction of the XX and XXI centuries and their connection with the shortcomings of national statehood inherent in both African regions. At the same time, the author focuses on the incompleteness of the state-building process, the weakness of institutions and the low level of justification for drawing state borders as concrete examples of such shortcomings that affected the socio-political climate in the Islamized areas adjacent to the Sahara. Based on the materials of sources and the theoretical model of regional security complexes (RSC), the author identified contradictions and diversity in the ideological and value views of the North African ruling circles, analyzed the methodological and spiritual and political foundations of the deeply rooted relationship between criminal and Islamist groups on the example of the activities of Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) (аn organization included in the list of terrorist organizations in theRussian Federation is mentioned) and its leaders - Abd al-Malik Drukdel, Mukhtar Belmukhtar, etc. It is proved that “Islamist internationalism” in the Maghreb and Sahel of the 2000s began to take ethnocultural forms, which was caused by the ‘network’ and ‘umbrell’a nature of the AQIM (аn organization included in the list of terrorist organizations in theRussian Federation is mentioned) structure, in which there was no centralized administrative-territorial management scheme. In addition, the distinctive features of the security policy of modern Algeria are shown and the importance of studying interregional contradictions for characterizing the geopolitical and economic reasons for the strengthening of Islamic radicalism in Africa is revealed.
Governmental Discussion on the Private Capital Participation in the Trans-Caspian Railway Construction in the Late XIX Century
Authors: Toktamysov Saken Zh.
Published: April 2024

The ambivalence of the approaches of Russian ministries at the end of the XIX century is demonstrated, in relation to public-private partnership in the framework of the implementation of the railway project in the Trans-Caspian General Government.There is presented a system of arguments in support of this approach and against it; the author clarifies the reason for the government’s rejection of the idea of public-private partnership in the construction of the Trans-Caspian railway. The source base of the study is the protocols of the meeting of the government commission, letters from government officials, statistical information on the turnover of commodities with Persia and other materials stored in the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire and in the Central State Archive of Moscow. The author concludes that the formal basis for rejecting the application of entrepreneurs for the implementation of this railway was the ineffectiveness of the financial model of their participation in the framework of this project. The real reason for this decision was the position of the officials of the government departments that opposed attracting private investors to the implementation of this transport project in the Central Asian region due to the military-strategic and geopolitical aspects.
Kasimov Tatars during the Years of the Cultural Revolution in the USSR: On Materials of Regional Press of the 1920-1930s
Authors: Gallyamova Alfiya G. , Khanipova Ilnara I.
Published: April 2024

The authors analyze the cultural component of the social life of the Kasimov Tatars in the interwar period, the essence of which was the implementation of the Cultural Revolution. Along with the industrialization of the country and the collectivization of agriculture in the mid-1920s, it was declared an important part of the three-tier program of socialist construction. The purpose is to establish the peculiarities of the behavioral pattern of the Kasimov Tatars in the period under review. The source base is the materials from periodicals and ego-documents. The study shows the conditions and realities of the “reforging of consciousness,” the struggle against the remnants of the past which boiled down to the attempts to eradicate the religious cults and customs of the Kasimov Tatars. There is revealed the level of development, continuity, and specificity of local transformation in the most important segment of the cultural sphere - education. The authors come to the conclusion that at the sharp turn of history in the 1920s the Kasimov Tatars showed energy and freedom in order to become “equal among equal” peoples, as declared at the official level. Trying to preserve their own identity, they also showed etatism peculiar to them accepting and actively participating in the transformations as part of the implementation of the Cultural Revolution tasks.
Prinuditel'naya migratsiya tsygan v Zapadnuyu Sibir' v 1933 g. kak element gosudarstvennoy politiki osvoeniya Severa
Authors: Nam Iraida V.
Published: April 2024

The history of the forced migration of Roma in 1933 from Moscow and the Moscow region to Western Siberia and their life in the conditions of a labor settlement was reconstructed. The study was carried out on the basis of correlating the published archival sources identified by the author with memories and testimonies of eyewitnesses and participants in the events recorded in the 1990s - early 2000s. It is shown that the deportation of the Roma to Western Siberia in 1933, despite its ethnic nature, does not fit into the typology of forced ethnic migrations, the “core and defining elements” of which are the total migrations of the “punished peoples.” It is also incorrect to consider that the reason for the deportation of the Roma to Siberia was the recognition of them as a socially harmful and intolerant ethnic group due to their nomadic lifestyle, closed nature, uncontrollability and criminality. It is concluded that the deportation of the Roma to Western Siberia in 1933 should be considered not as a targeted anti-Roma action, but as a failed attempt at forced settlement in the context of general state actions aimed at developing the northern and eastern regions of the country.
Reflections on the reasons for the unsuccessful codification of the English criminal law : a comparison with the codification of the major colonies of the British empire.
Authors:   Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute has, Lee Geo Ryang
Published: April 2024

Britain was the first country in the world to develop the rule of law, starting with the Magna Carta, and it has long used its maritime power to influence many countries around the world, and countries that were colonised by Britain, such as India and Australia, still retain the culture, institutions, etc. of the colonial era. This influence is not limited to culture and institutions, but is even more pronounced in the realm of law. The British did not simply use the ideology of the rule of law in their mainland politics and institutions, but also used it as a tool for governance in their colonies, either in the name of promoting modernisation in the colonies, or in the direction of the colonies themselves using the rule of law to develop. In the case of India and Australia, two of Britain's major colonies, they went beyond the British common law system to enact modern laws through the process of codification, which is considered a symbol of modernisation. In the case of India, the British saw it as a bridgehead to Asia and, given its importance, actively used the rule of law as a tool to govern India, while in Australia, the rule of law was further developed. Civil law was perceived to be the domain of each country, so there was little need for codification, but criminal law was used as an efficient means of imperial power, so codification proceeded more quickly than civil law. In contrast to this trend in the colonies, however, the common law system in England has remained essentially uncodified to the present day. This behaviour seems quite unusual for a country that was one of the first to develop the rule of law. There were many people in England, such as Jeremy Bentham, who believed that codification was necessary for the development and efficient administration of criminal law. However, due to the fact that the common law system was already deeply entrenched in England and the lawyers did not want to change it, the political situation at the time when the opinions of the lawyers could not be ignored due to the majority of lawyers in Parliament, and the sense of superiority that England could not have the same form of law as the colonies as a country ruling over the colonies, codification in the essential sense did not proceed. The criminal law, which was perceived as a universal law at the time, is now in a situation where crimes have diversified due to advances in technology and require active responses based on in-depth discussions, so it seems best to actively promote codification even now to proactively respond to the diversification of crimes.
On the Nature of Judicial Review of Administrative Normative Documents
Authors:   Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute has, Zhao Qinglin
Published: April 2024

Administrative Normative Documents are simultaneously administrative and legal which determines that there are objectively two different types of judicial review for administrative normative documents, namely administrative trial review and legal applicability review. From the perspective of review conditions and results, the judicial review of administrative normative documents stipulated in the current Administrative Litigation Law can only be considered as a legal applicability review. The legal applicability review is a necessary part of judicial trial, and is not a unique issue in administrative litigation. It is not only related to administrative normative documents and should not be specifically stipulated in the Administrative Litigation Law, but should be stipulated in the Constitution or the Court Organization Law. From the perspective of legal applicability review, there are also many problems in the current law regarding the intensity and procedures of judicial review. Finally, the legal applicability review cannot fulfill the function of legal supervision over administrative normative documents. China still needs to consider the necessity and possibility of establishing some kind of administrative trial review.
Could snoring sound analysis parameters be used to predict the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome before polysomnography?
Authors: Yakar Halil Ibrahim , Köseoğlu Handan Inönü , Yelken Kürşat , Kocabıyık Nurcan Alpüran
Published: April 2024

Aim of the study: Snoring is one of the main symptoms of
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients. In this study, it was
aimed to investigate whether snoring sound parameters can be used in
pre- polysomnography (PSG) screening in patients with OSAS.
Methods: All patients underwent full-night PSG test. Sound
parameters were measured using the PRAAT acoustic analysis program. The
relationship between these parameters and degree of OSAS, and also the
relationship between snoring sound and types of OSAS were analyzed
prospectively. Results: Seventy seven patients diagnosed OSAS
were included the study. It was found that the shimmer scores decreased
significantly from mild OSAS to severe OSAS (p=0.045). Although mean
pitch scores increased from mild to severe OSAS, it was not found to be
statistically significant (p=0.16). Mean pitch score was found to be
significantly higher in the severe group (p=0.022). Shimmer scores were
found significantly higher in REM-predominant OSAS patients than without
REM-predominant OSAS patients (p=0.006). Shimmer scores were
significantly higher in obese patients than in non-obese patients and in
patients over 40 years of age years than under 40 years of age (p=0.032;
p<0.01; respectively). The ROC analysis was performed to
determine the cutoff value of mean Pitch (≥74.65) in predicting severe
OSAS classification (AUC=0.69; p=0.017). Conclusion: Our
results are important to show that, analysis of snoring sound with a
noninvasive method of acoustic voice analysis, can be applied quickly
and easily in the pre-PSG screening in especially clinically important
advanced-stage OSAS cases that should be diagnosed urgently.
Disentangling safety: A summation test between absence and termination of threat
Authors: Andreatta Marta
Published: April 2024

Safety has been defined as the absence of threat and stimuli never
associated with an aversive event (unconditioned stimulus, US) can
inhibit conditioned defensive responses. Relief is a positive response
elicited by the termination of an aversive US and stimuli presented upon
the moment of relief elicit appetitive conditioned responses. Unclear
remains whether the threat absence and threat termination share
inhibitory mechanisms or rather these two types of safety are distinct.
Fifty-eight participants learned that one stimulus (forward CS+) was
shortly presented before a mildly painful electric stimulation (US), one
stimulus (backward CS+) was presented shortly after the US, and one
stimulus (CS-) was never associated with the US. During a summation
test, forward CS+ was presented in compound with either the backward CS+
or the CS-. Conditioned defensive responses were successfully acquired
on both verbal and physiological responses meaning that forward CS+
compared to both CS- and backward CS+ was rated more aversive and
elicited stronger physiological responses. During summation test,
conditioned physiological defensive responses were significantly and
comparably attenuated by both backward CS+ and CS-, but inhibition of
startle potentiation by the relief-associated stimulus was not evident
during the early test trials. In summary, conditioned defensive
responses can be inhibited by signals of threat absence (CS-) and threat
termination (backward CS+). However, the underlying mechanisms of these
two signals may differ.
Could elevated CO 2 ameliorate the negative effects of elevated O 3 on yield and quality mustard ( Brassica juncea )?
Authors: Kovilpillai Boomiraj , JawaharJothi Gayathri , DK Sharma , Bhatia Arti , Antille Diogenes L. , Chidambaram Prabu Padanilay , Vasudev Sujata , Yashpal * , Pardeshi Priya Pradipsingh , Kumar Sudhir
Published: April 2024

This research explores the impact of elevated ozone (eO
), elevated carbon dioxide (eCO ), and
their interaction on the yield and quality of mustard (Brassica juncea)
crops through a Free Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) experiment
conducted in an open field setting. By examining a range of
physiological parameters across different mustard varieties, this study
aims to understand the responses of these crops to changing atmospheric
conditions and identify genotypes with enhanced resilience to eO
and adaptability to future eCO
levels. Key physiological traits, including photosynthate availability,
antioxidant and secondary metabolite production, and gas exchange
parameters (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration
rate, and water-use efficiency), were analyzed at various growth stages
to assess their correlation with yield and quality attributes under each
treatment condition. The findings demonstrate that eO
significantly reduces yield by impacting quaternary branches, seed
yield, biomass, and other yield-related parameters, while eCO
promotes yield and quality, enhancing photosynthesis
and subsequent photosynthate accumulation. Notably, eCO
was found to mitigate the adverse effects of eO3 on
yield and fatty acid composition, indicating a potential buffer against
ozone-induced stress. Among the studied varieties, Pusa Bold exhibited
superior performance, showing particular resilience to eO3 and
benefiting from eCO2 enhancement. Multivariate analysis and linear
modeling of the physiological parameters highlighted significant
treatment and genotypic differences, underscoring the complex interplay
between environmental factors and crop physiology. The study’s outcomes
suggest that selecting genotypes with tolerance to ozone and favorable
responses to elevated CO2 could be pivotal in sustaining mustard
production under future climatic conditions. This research contributes
to the broader understanding of how elevated atmospheric gases influence
agricultural crops, offering insights for breeding and management
practices aimed at enhancing crop resilience and food security in the
face of climate change.
Mechanism of Cryptovivipary in Wild Caper bush (Capparis sepiaria L.) Capparaceae
Authors: Khot Vasundhara , Dalavi Jagdish , Chavan Jaykumar , Shendage Shankar
Published: April 2024

Vivipary is the precocious and continuous growth of seedlings inside the
fruits when they are attached to the mother plant. It occurs due to
complex ecophysiological processes and adaptations involved in seed
germination in marshy or unstable habitats such as estuaries, sea belts,
tidal zones, riverine areas, rocky slopes, etc. In cryptovivipary seeds
germinate inside the fruit but the seedling or plumule comes out when
the fruit detaches from the mother plant. The vivipary was first time
reported in 1965 in the caper bush (Capparis sepiaria), but lacked
thorough mechanism and critical notes; the present manuscript highlights
the mechanism of cryptovivipary in wild caper bush described. In
addition, we provide an updated classification of viviparous plants to
better describe and understand this trait.
Clinical analysis of MOG antibody-associated disease overlapped with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a long-term retrospective study
Authors: Duan Tianjiao , Ouyang Song , Hu Zhaolan , Zeng Qiuming , Yin Weifan
Published: April 2024

Abstract Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics,
radiological features, treatments, and prognosis of patients with myelin
oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disease (MOGAD)
overlapped with NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Methods: We
retrospectively analyzed patients who exhibited dual positivity for MOG
antibodies and NMDAR antibodies in serum/CSF from Jan 2018 to Jun 2023
Results: Ten patients with MOGAD and NMDAR encephalitis were enrolled.
The median age of initial attacks was 23 (range: 10-43) years old.
Common symptoms were cortical encephalopathies (8/10), focal
neurological deficits (4/10), as well as other presentations including
headache, fever, optic neuritis, and transverse myelitis. CSF
pleocytosis was general (9/10, median 63.9 cells/μl). Lesions on brain
MRI included brainstem (37.5%), cerebral cortex (33.3%), basal ganglia
(25.0%), hippocampus (20.8%). The average follow-up duration was 25.4
months. 10/10 patients developed more than one relapse attacks, with MOG
positivity before (10%), simultaneous (40%) or after anti-NMDAR
encephalitis (50%). Most patients (7/10) had good response to
first-line therapy, but experienced next relapse with an average
interval of 6.7 (range: 2-14) months. We conducted initial analysis of
lymphocyte subsets in these patients, which revealed CD3+ and CD4+ T
cells increased after immunosuppressants medication (p < 0.01
and p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: MOGAD overlapping
with NMDAR encephalitis presents a distinct clinical phenotype which
differs from either MOGAD or NMDAR encephalitis. Brainstem in
combination with cortical lesions might be warning signs for this
overlapping syndrome. Due to the high recurrent rates, we recommend
early diagnosis and timely treatment with high-efficiency
immunosuppressants at onset.
Early-Life, Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter in Infants with Atopic Dermatitis Decreases Remission and Increases Sensitization
Authors: Ahn Kangmo , Kim Young-Min , Oh Inbo , Choi Jaeyoung , Kim Jihyun , Kim Jiwon , Kyung Kim Su , Bang Jin-Hee
Published: April 2024

Background: Studies that examine a link between long-term
exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and atopic dermatitis (AD)
in children are lacking. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate
the effect of long-term exposure to PM on AD in infants.
Methods: A total of 150 infants diagnosed with AD before age 2
were enrolled and followed until age 3 in Seoul, Korea. Long-term
exposures to ambient PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM
) from birth to age 3 were assessed at an individual
level. Effects of long-term exposure to PM on AD
persistence and sensitization to aeroallergens were evaluated using Cox
proportional hazard regression models after adjusting for potential
confounders. Results: Out of 150 infants, 54 (36.0%) showed
remission of AD at age 3. The risk of AD persistence at age 3
significantly increased with an increase in long-term exposure to PM
[Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.07, 95% Confidence Interval
(CI): 1.01−1.12, p = .017 per 1 µg/m ].
Moderate-to-severe AD at enrollment was more likely to persist at age 3
with increased exposure to PM ( p <
.05), whereas the persistence of mild AD was not influenced by PM
exposure. Long-term exposure to PM
increased the risk of sensitization to pollen (HR = 1.14, 95% CI:
1.02−1.27, p = .021). However, it did not affect sensitization to
house dust mites or pet allergens. Conclusions: An early-life
long-term exposure to ambient PM in infants with AD
decreases remission and increases sensitization to pollen at age 3.
Shared principles for area-based biodiversity conservation
Authors: Riva Federico , Haddad Nick , Fahrig Lenore , Banks-Leite Cristina
Published: April 2024

Recent international agreements have strengthened and expanded
commitments to protect and restore native habitats. Nevertheless,
biodiversity conservation is hindered because how such commitments
should be implemented has been strongly debated. By bringing together
researchers on both sides of the habitat fragmentation debate, we
identify three incontrovertible principles for area-based biodiversity
conservation. Such principles are related to habitat geographic
coverage, amount, and connectivity. They emerge from our fundamental
agreement that, while large areas of nature are important and must be
protected, conservation or restoration of multiple small habitat patches
is also critical for global conservation, particularly in regions with
high land use. We contend that the many area-based conservation
initiatives expected in the coming decades should follow the principles
we propose. Considering the importance of biodiversity for maintenance
of ecosystem services, we suggest that this would bring unequivocal
societal benefits.
Kilometre-Scale Assessment of the Adriatic Dense Water Multi-Decadal Dynamics
Authors: Pranić Petra , Denamiel Clea Lumina , Vilibić Ivica
Published: April 2024

The North Adriatic Dense Water (NAddW) – the densest
Mediterranean water generated by extreme cooling during wintertime
hurricane-strength winds – drives the thermohaline circulation,
ventilates the deep layers, and changes the biogeochemical properties of
the Adriatic Sea. However, modelling the dynamical properties of such
dense water at the climate scale has been a challenge for decades due to
the complex coastal geomorphology of the Adriatic basin not properly
reproduced by existing climate models. To overcome these deficiencies, a
31-year-long simulation (1987-2017) of the Adriatic Sea and Coast
(AdriSC) kilometre-scale atmosphere-ocean model is used to analyse the
main NAddW dynamical phases (i.e., generation, spreading and
accumulation). The study highlights four key results. First, during
winter, the NAddW densities are higher in the shallow northern Adriatic
shelf than in the deeper Kvarner Bay – where 25-35% of the overall
NAddW are found to be generated – due to a median bottom temperature
difference of 2°C between the two generation sites. Second, the NAddW
mass transported across most of the Adriatic peaks between February and
May, except along the western side of the Otranto Strait. Third, for the
accumulation sites, the bottom layer of the Kvarner Bay is found to be
renewed annually while the renewal occurs every 1–3 years in the Jabuka
Pit and every 5–10 years in the deep Southern Adriatic Pit. Fourth, the
NAddW cascading and accumulation is more pronounced during basin-wide
high-salinity conditions driven by circulation changes in the northern
Ionian Sea.
RocMLMs: Predicting Rock Properties through Machine Learning Models
Authors: Kerswell Buchanan , Cerpa Nestor G. , Tommasi Andrea , Godard Marguerite , Padrón-Navarta José Alberto
Published: April 2024

Mineral phase transformations significantly alter the bulk density and
elastic properties of mantle rocks and consequently have profound
effects on mantle dynamics and seismic wave propagation. These changes
in the physical properties of mantle rocks result from evolution in the
equilibrium mineralogical composition, which can be predicted by the
minimization of the Gibbs Free Energy with respect to pressure (P),
temperature (T), and chemical composition (X). Thus, numerical models
that simulate mantle convection and/or probe the elastic structure of
the Earth’s mantle must account for varying mineralogical compositions
to be self-consistent. Yet coupling Gibbs Free Energy minimization
(GFEM) approaches with numerical geodynamic models is currently
intractable for high-resolution simulations because execution speeds of
widely-used GFEM programs (100–102 ms) are impractical in many cases.
As an alternative, this study introduces machine learning models
(RocMLMs) that have been trained to predict thermodynamically
self-consistent rock properties at arbitrary PTX conditions between
1–28 GPa, 773–2273 K, and mantle compositions ranging from fertile
(lherzolitic) to refractory (harzburgitic) end-members defined with a
large dataset of published mantle compositions. RocMLMs are 101–103
times faster than GFEM calculations or GFEM-based look-up table
approaches with equivalent accuracy. Depth profiles of RocMLMs
predictions are nearly indistinguishable from reference models PREM and
STW105, demonstrating good agreement between thermodynamic-based
predictions of density, Vp, and Vs and geophysical observations. RocMLMs
are therefore capable, for the first time, of emulating dynamic
evolution of density, Vp, and Vs in high-resolution numerical geodynamic
models.
Quantifying and Classifying Streamflow Ensembles Using a Broad Range of Metrics for an Evidence-Based Analysis: Colorado River Case Study
Authors: Salehabadi Homa , Tarboton David Gavin , Wheeler Kevin Guy , Smith Rebecca , Baker Sarah
Published: April 2024

Stochastic hydrology produces ensembles of time series that represent
plausible future streamflow to simulate and test the operation of water
resource systems. A premise of stochastic hydrology is that ensembles
should be statistically representative of what may occur in the future.
In the past, the application of this premise has involved producing
ensembles that are statistically equivalent to the observed or
historical streamflow sequence. This requires a number of metrics or
statistics that can be used to test statistical similarity. However,
with climate change, the past may no longer be representative of the
future. Ensembles to test future systems operations should recognize
non-stationarity, and include time series representing expected changes.
This poses challenges for their testing and validation. In this paper,
we suggest an evidence-based analysis in which streamflow ensembles,
whether statistically similar to and representative of the past or a
changing future, should be characterized and assessed using an extensive
set of statistical metrics. We have assembled a broad set of metrics and
applied them to annual streamflow in the Colorado River at Lees Ferry to
illustrate the approach. We have also developed a tree-based
classification approach to categorize both ensembles and metrics. This
approach provides a way to visualize and interpret differences between
streamflow ensembles. The metrics presented and their classification
provide an analytical framework for characterizing and assessing the
suitability of future streamflow ensembles, recognizing the presence of
non-stationarity. This contributes to better planning in large river
basins, such as the Colorado, facing water supply shortages.
Análisis de decomisos en vísceras rojas bovinas en el primer año de pandemia en Frigorestrepo
Authors: Murcia-Parrado Jazmín Y , Carvajal-Vargas Diana C , Franco-Hernandez Erika N
Published: April 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación analiza las causales de decomisos de vísceras rojas de bovinos en Frigorestrepo Meta, su relación con las actividades de emergencia realizadas y otros factores asociados durante el primer año de pandemia. Frigorestrepo es una de las tres plantas de beneficio animal de categoría nacional que se encuentra actualmente avalada y tiene inspección permanente por parte del Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos–INVIMA en el departamento del Meta. El diseño de investigación es no experimental de corte transversal mixto. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de la base de datos de decomisos de vísceras rojas durante el primer año de pandemia y a través de encuestas con actores responsables, tanto del proceso de sacrificio como con las actividades de inspección oficial. El análisis estadístico es descriptivo teniendo como variables (tipo de víscera, causal de decomiso y cantidad). Los resultados del estudio sugieren que el pulmón es el órgano que más se decomisó por las causales de enfisema y broncoaspiración. Se concluye que los decomisos en pulmón se asociaron al proceso de insensibilización por cambio de personal operativo debido a incapacidades generadas por Covid-19, así como por ausencia del inmovilizador de cabezas del equipo/cajón de sensibilización.
How Do Operating Room Nurse Students Experience the Learning Environment in the Operating Room?
Authors: Kolstad Lena , Thyli Bente
Published: April 2024

Please note this article was first published in Norwegian. You can read the Norwegian article here.
Background: There is little research-based knowledge about how operating room nursing students experience the learning environment in an operating room. Results from international studies indicate that structural challenges such as time pressure, high demands for efficiency, and a minimum of time delegated to guidance are all characteristic of the learning environment. More insight into how operating room nursing students experience an operating room is an important element for improving the quality of practice studies in a high-tech and time-efficient environment.
Aim: The purpose of the study is to describe operating room nursing students’ experiences of their learning environment in operating rooms.
Method: The study has a qualitative and descriptive research design, utilizing systematic text condensation as an analytical method. Data was gathered through conducting focus-group interviews with operating room nursing students in their final semester of the nursing education study program.
Results: Three main categories were brought up repeatedly by these students: 1) The significance of having supervisors, 2) The unclear responsibility with respect to formal and informal guidance in a multidisciplinary learning environment, and 3) The situation of learning in a complex and unpredictable learning environment.
Conclusion: The results provide further insight into operating room nursing students’ experiences of their learning environment in authentic practice studies. The results can be utilized in further improving the learning environment for operating room nursing students.