bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The correlation between Pax5 deletion and patients survival in Iranian children with precursor B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Moafi A. , Zojaji A. , Salehi R. , Najafi Dorcheh S. , Rahgozar S.
Published: September 2017

Despite advances in treatment, children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) still experience drug resistance and relapse. Several gene mutations are involved in the onset of this disease and resistance to therapy. The present study examines the incidence of IKZF1, CDKN2A/B, PAX5, EBF1, ETV6, BTG1, RB1, JAK2, and Xp22.33 gene deletions/duplications associated with pediatric ALL in Iran and investigates the possible effect of these mutations on drug resistance. Three-year disease-free survival (3DFS) was evaluated for children diagnosed with Philadelphia negative precursor-B-cell ALL hospitalized at Sayed-al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan-Iran, from January 2009 until December 2012. DNA was extracted from bone marrow slides, and ALL correlated gene deletions and duplications were measured using Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) method. The correlation between gene mutations and 3DFS was then assessed. Among the nine aforementioned investigated genes, 63% of samples showed at least one gene mutation. At least two concomitant genomic mutations were observed in 42% of samples. Pax5 deletion was the most prevalent gene mutation observed in 45% of cases, and showed significant negative impact on response to treatment. CDKN2A/B (9p21.3) gene deletion, and ETV6 (12p13.2) gene duplication also demonstrated negative effect on patient survival and contributed to a worse prognosis if concomitant with Pax5 gene deletion. ALL patients with one of the gene deletions including Pax5  and CDKN2A/B (9p21.3) or ETV6 (12p13.2) gene duplication are classified as high-risk patients and need more intensified protocols of treatment to improve their chance of survival.
miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism might be associated with coronary artery disease risk in Asians
Authors: Zhou H-Y. , Wei Q. , Shi X-D , Cao H-Y. , Qin L.
Published: September 2017

Recently, several studies reported the association between miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. However, the results were inconclusive. We therefore did a meta-analysis to investigate this association. Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, were searched. The strength of association was assessed by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Five eligible studies included in this meta-analysis. The total sample size of this meta-analysis was 1565 cases and 1541 controls. We found that miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased CAD risk (OR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.07 – 1.32; P = 0.002). In the subgroup analysis by race, miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased CAD risk in Asians (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.04 – 1.33; P = 0.008). However, we did not find significant result in Caucasians (OR = 1.22; 95% CI 0.86 – 1.74; P = 0.25). In the subgroup analysis by age, we found that miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism increased CAD risk in old population (OR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.09 – 1.38; P = 0.0008). In conclusion, this meta-analysis found that miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism was significantly associated with CAD risk.
Association between platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and overall survival (OS) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): A meta-analysis
Authors: Hu D-H. , Yu S-M.
Published: September 2017

Some studies investigated the association between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the results remained inconclusive. Thus, we performed this meta-analysis. Published studies were searched in PubMed and EMBASE. The strength of association was assessed by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). In total, 6 studies with 1446 HCC patients were included in this meta-analysis. HCC with higher PLR showed an increased death risk (OR = 1.59; 95%CI, 1.15–2.20; P < 0.0001). However, the heterogeneity was high (I2=89.2%). When the study by Li et al. was excluded, the heterogeneity decreased (I2=20%). Further, the result was still positive (OR = 1.70; 95%CI, 1.42–2.04; P < 0.00001). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested that PLR was significantly associated with the OS of HCC.
Effect of sucrose concentrations on Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni tissue culture and gene expression
Authors: Ghorbani T. , Kahrizi D. , Saeidi M. , Arji I.
Published: September 2017

Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni is known as sweet plant which it contains a high level of steviol glycosides in the leaves.  This plant has been used from centuries ago as a sweetener for tea. One of the most important steviol glycosides is stevioside that is attractive for diabetic persons. Tissue culture is the only rapid process for the mass propagation of stevia. One of the most important factors in the medium is sucrose that is a necessary for plant growth. In the present study, we use nodal segments of the stem as explants in mediums with different sucrose concentration (50 mM, 100mM and 150mM). Several morphological traits were measured in a 28 day period. Results analysis showed a significant variation between treatments. The highest growth rate, rooting and leaf production was obtained in medium with 100mM sucrose. The correlation between measured traits was significant at the 0.01 level. To investigation of UGT74G1, UGT76G1, UGT85C2 and KS genes expression that are involved in the synthesis of SGs, RT- PCR was done with the housekeeping gene of as internal control. There were significant differences between all media. The results showed thatsucrose 100 mM containing media was more desirable than others for expression of UGT76G1 and UGT85C2 genes. Whereas, the best medium for expression of UGT74G1 was sucrose 150 mM and sucrose 50 mM for KS gene. Totally, it seems that sucrose at a concentration of 100 mMprovides the best condition for stevia growth and steviol glycosides production.
Differences in expression of serum protein in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and blood heat syndrome and healthy volunteers
Authors: Hao P. S. , Yang C. , Yan X. P. , Li T. H. , Zhang J. , Yu Q. Y. , Zhang X. , Zhang Y. H.
Published: September 2017

To explore the mechanism of psoriasis vulgaris (PV), serum protein expression profiles between PV patients with blood-heat syndrome and healthy volunteers were detected by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). First, sera from 15 PV patients with blood-heat syndrome and 10 healthy volunteers were collected; then, serum proteins were separated and hydrolyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and a specific iTRAQ marker enzyme respectively after further purification and protein abundance treatment. Compared with the control group, differentially expressed proteins in PV patients with blood-heat syndrome were identified and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 787 proteins were identified and 718 proteins had a functional annotation with gene ontology (GO) by iTRAQ in the current study. Significant differences (P <0.05) and great differences (P <0.01) were found in 681 proteins and 536 proteins respectively between the patient group and healthy group. ). Different protein expression profiles in serum existed between PV patients with blood-heat syndrome and healthy volunteers; the differences largely involved immune-related proteins and lipoproteins. The proteins specific for PV with blood-heat syndrome deserves further investigation.
Projekt: Uniwersytet PAN
Authors: Duszyński Jerzy , Burczyński Tadeusz , Rowiński Paweł M. , Rychard Andrzej
Published: September 2017

Instytuty Polskiej Akademii Nauk mają wśród polskich instytucji naukowych czołowy potencjał merytoryczny. W instytutach PAN w latach 2013-2016 powstało 19,7% prac afiliowanych w polskich instytucjach i umieszczonych w najbardziej prestiżowych pismach naukowych danych dziedzin (górne 10% z list pism danej dziedziny nauki uszeregowanych według rosnącego współczynnika wpływu, IF). Jest to najlepszy wynik wśród polskich instytucji akademickich. Kadra instytutów PAN zajmuje się nie tylko badaniami, ale też dydaktyką; 1607 osób (stan na 31 grudnia 2016) było na stacjonarnych studiach doktoranckich w Instytutach PAN. Stopień umiędzynarodowienia studiów w PAN (8%) jest największy wśród polskich uczelni. W związku z tym uzasadnione wydaje się powołanie Uniwersytetu PAN (UPAN), który mógłby stać się pierwszą w Polsce uczelnią badawczą. Planuje się, że docelowo kształciłoby się na nim 2,5 tys. osób, w przeważającej części studentek i studentów III stopnia. Taka liczba pozwoli na zagwarantowanie indywidualnej merytorycznej opieki każdemu studentowi, a także na wprowadzenie i przetestowanie nowatorskich programów dydaktycznych, właściwych erze Internetu i e-learningu, prowadzenia studiów online poprzez courser, studiów inter- i crossdyscyplinarnych. UPAN ma realne szanse stać się wizytówką polskiej nauki i szkolnictwa wyższego, gdyż otwarte, międzynarodowe wieloletnie programy konkursowe na pozycje: wizytujących profesorów, stażystów podoktorskich i doktorantów mogą podnieść umiędzynarodowienie zarówno kadry, jak i studentów UPAN do poziomu właściwego najlepszym uczelniom świata. Z uwagi na wielkość naszego budżetu nauki i szkolnictwa wyższego osiągnięcie takiego umiędzynarodowienia jest finansowo realne w najbliższym czasie tylko dla uczelni tak małej jak UPAN. Opisane działania będą projakościowe także dla samych instytutów PAN i istotnie podniosą ich poziom merytoryczny. Po kilku latach UPAN ma realne szanse na uplasowanie się w międzynarodowych rankingach na bardzo dobrych pozycjach, w pierwszej dwusetce, a nawet w pierwszej setce najlepszych światowych uczelni. Należy podkreślić, że warunkiem tego jest zapewnienie finansowania badań w instytutach PAN na co najmniej takim jak obecnie poziomie, uelastycznienie ich sieci, wytworzenie mechanizmów synergii pomiędzy instytutami (wspólny cel – UPAN) oraz wsparcie tego projektu długoletnim programem umiędzynarodowienia kadry i studentów.
Postulat selektywnego charakteru deregulacji w szkolnictwie wyższym
Authors: Woźnicki Jerzy
Published: September 2017

Artykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniom deregulacji w zakresie spraw obejmowanych przez ustawę Prawo o szkolnictwie wyższym z 2005 r. Po kolejnych nowelizacjach tej ustawy w latach 2011, 2014 i 2016 sformułowany został niebudzący wątpliwości w debacie publicznej postulat deregulacji systemu. Trzeba zadać sobie jednak pytanie, czy należy określić jej granice, a jeśli tak, to jakiej są one natury i na podstawie jakich przesłanek powinny zostać zidentyfikowane. Stanowisko autora wyraża konieczność określenia takich granic. W tekście zagadnienia te zostały poddane analizie z uwzględnieniem zakresu i charakteru pożądanych ograniczeń. Wskazane też zostały obszary, które powinny być objęte regulacjami ustawowymi. Oznacza to, że deregulacja powinna mieć charakter selektywny, pozostawiając określone kwestie poza zakresem tego działania. W artykule po wprowadzeniu w problematykę przedstawiono argumentację na rzecz niezbędności zachowania szkolnictwa wyższego jako działu regulowanego. Następnie przywołano postulat deregulacji i jej uwarunkowania, z rozróżnieniem pojęć deregulacji gramatycznej, funkcjonalnej i wykonawczej, wprowadzonych przez autora. W tym kontekście sformułowano postulat nadania deregulacji charakteru selektywnego. W ślad za odnotowaniem znaczenia konstytucyjnej zasady autonomii uczelni zaprezentowano postulowane relacje w odniesieniu do kompetencji regulacyjnych w układzie: ustawa – statut uczelni. W podsumowaniu zwrócono uwagę, że wnioskowana deregulacja z ograniczeniami wpisuje się w pożądane uwarunkowania rozwojowe instrumentarium prawnego w obszarze governance w szkolnictwie wyższym. W Dodatku przywołano fragmenty dokumentów podkreślających znaczenie dobrych praktyk w sferze stanowienia prawa dotyczącego szkolnictwa wyższego i nauki.
„Fuzjomania” akademicka. Czy Polskę czeka fala konsolidacji uniwersytetów?
Authors: Sułkowski Łukasz
Published: September 2017

„Fuzjomania” w sektorze uczelni trwa w wielu krajach już ponad dekadę. Masowe programy fuzji realizowane są m.in. w krajach skandynawskich, we Francji, w Wielkiej Brytanii, w USA oraz w Chinach. Celem fuzji jest tworzenie światowej ligi uniwersytetów oraz racjonalizacja sieci edukacji i badań, a także restrukturyzacja służąca podwyższeniu efektywności kształcenia. W Polsce konsolidacja nie miała charakteru systemowego i nie stanowiła części polityki publicznej. Nieliczne procesy połączeń pomiędzy uczelniami dokonywały się oddolnie, bez pomocy centralnej. Prawdopodobnie jednym z negatywnych efektów braku strategicznych fuzji uczelni w Polsce jest stopniowy spadek czołowych polskich uczelni na niższe miejsca w rankingach międzynarodowych. Warto jednak postawić pytanie o wartość konsolidacji uczelni. Czy fuzje uczelni rozwijają się głównie ze względu na instrumentalną nagrodę, jaką jest awans w rankingu międzynarodowym? Warto też zadać pytanie, czy konsolidacje uczelni nie są przejawem mody, komercjalizacji edukacji, ekspansji nowego publicznego zarządzania oraz rozwoju ideologii neoliberalnej? Odpowiedzi na te pytania można szukać w badaniach prowadzonych na świecie. Dzięki rozległym doświadczeniom międzynarodowym oraz biznesowym w zakresie fuzji i przejęć możemy w Polsce przyjrzeć się wartości procesów konsolidacyjnych z perspektywy uczelni wyższych oraz społeczeństwa.
Symmetry and asymmetry of minimizers of a class of noncoercive functionals
Authors: Brock Friedemann , Croce Gisella , Guibé Olivier , Mercaldo Anna
Published: September 2017

In this paper we prove symmetry results for minimizers of a noncoercive functional defined on the class of Sobolev functions with zero mean value.
We prove that the minimizers are foliated Schwarz symmetric, i.e., they are axially symmetric with respect to an axis passing through the origin and nonincreasing in the polar angle from this axis.
In the two-dimensional case, we show a symmetry breaking.
Riesz potentials of Radon measures associated to reflection groups
Authors: Gallardo Léonard , Rejeb Chaabane , Sifi Mohamed
Published: September 2017

For a root systemRon{\mathbb{R}^{d}}and a nonnegative multiplicity functionkonR, we consider the heat kernel{p_{k}(t,x,y)}associated to the Dunkl Laplacian operator{\Delta_{k}}. For{\beta\in{]0,d+2\gamma[}}, where{\gamma=\frac{1}{2}\sum_{\alpha\in R}k(\alpha)}, we study the{\Delta_{k}}-Riesz kernel of index β, defined by{R_{k,\beta}(x,y)=\frac{1}{\Gamma(\beta/2)}\int_{0}^{+\infty}t^{{\beta/2}-1}p_% {k}(t,x,y)\,dt}, and the corresponding{\Delta_{k}}-Riesz potential{I_{k,\beta}[\mu]}of a Radon measure μ on{\mathbb{R}^{d}}. According to the values of β, we study the{\Delta_{k}}-superharmonicity of these functions, and we give some applications like the{\Delta_{k}}-Riesz measure of{I_{k,\beta}[\mu]}, the uniqueness principle and a pointwise Hedberg inequality.
Modeling framework for IoT integration of building automation systems
Authors: Schachinger Daniel , Fernbach Andreas , Kastner Wolfgang
Published: September 2017

Advancements within the Internet of Things are leading to a pervasive integration of different domains including also building automation systems. As a result, device functionality becomes available to a wide range of applications and users outside of the building automation domain. In this context, Web services are identified as suitable solution for machine-to-machine communication. However, a major requirement to provide necessary interoperability is the consideration of underlying semantics. Thus, this work presents a universal framework for tag-based semantic modeling and seamless integration of building automation systems via Web service-based technologies. Using the example of the KNX Web services specification, the applicability of this approach is pointed out.
Extending Brick for automated comfort diagnosis
Authors: Ploennigs Joern , Ba Amadou , Palmes Paulito
Published: September 2017

Modern buildings are data-rich environments that can contain thousands of IoT devices. However, most of this data is not
analyzed in order to reduce energy consumption and improve occupants' comforts. This is often due to the required large
manual effort for integrating the data into analytic systems. Semantic models allow to model the required meta-data and to
arrive at an automated integration process. This is demonstrated for the new Brick ontology, that comprehensively models
meta-data in buildings. It is extended by model concepts enabling to address challenges pertaining to physics and thermal
comfort. Moreover, this Brick ontology is further extended by reasoning approaches in order to better exploit
knowledge. As an example, the proposed approach is used to compute and diagnose virtual sensors so as to assess thermal
comfort in a real building.
Teaching Large Classes in Chinese High Schools: What Do Teachers Say and Do?
Authors: Ming Gu , Qiang Wang
Published: September 2017

Teaching English to large classes is a common phenomenon in developing countries, and China is no exception. Such an issue has attracted attention of many researchers worldwide over the past two decades. However, such research in China has been relatively rare. This paper reports an investigation into teachers’ perceptions and practices of teaching English to large classes in Chinese schools. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore teachers’ attitude towards their perceived problems regarding teaching English to large classes, and the strategies they used to cope with large classes. Results show that an overwhelming majority of the Chinese English teachers (92.6%) hold a negative attitude towards teaching English in large classes. Pedagogical issues, management-related difficulties and psychological burden emerged as major obstacles. Despite these problems, teachers were seeking strategies to cope with the problems in their daily practices with more or less success.
Academic language in Catalan students’ research reports across levels of study
Authors: Pujol Dahme Ana M. , Selfa Moisés
Published: September 2017

When students engage in a research community of practice they not only have to master academic register but also discourse features embodied in the research genre. This corpus-based study examines lexico-grammatical features and stance and engagement markers in 54 Catalan (Romance language) research reports in biology, from high school twelfth-graders and university master theses’ writers. These texts belong to the TARBUC corpus (Treballs Acadèmics de Recerca de Batxillerat i Universitat en Català) – Baccalaureate and University Academic Research Reports written in Catalan. Analyses reveal a statistically significant increase in syntactic complexity and lexical density in university writers. Furthermore, findings on interactional function indicate that marking of stance (i.e., hedges) correlates with a specific type of engagement marker (i.e., directive to argument) in university students’ texts. Self-mention is the most salient rhetorical strategy used by students, in line with the requirements of the research article published in this discipline. Finally, overall data on the distribution of interactional markers suggest that the conventions of the research article genre constrain interactional strategies from high school onwards. Results suggest that linguistic literacy, cognitive maturity and the genre’s social convention interact in a linked process in the development of a skilled writer.
A premature baby with bilateral pleural effusions, Turner syndrome (monosomy X) and myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Thean Li Jun , Koh Tieh Hee Hai Guan
Published: September 2017

Respiratory distress in the premature neonate has a variety of causes, some more common than others. Sometimes it may not be apparent that rare underlying conditions may be associated with common clinical presentations. In this case report, we describe an extremely premature neonate presenting with severe respiratory distress who was subsequently diagnosed with both myotonic dystrophy and Turner syndrome (monosomy X; 45, X0). A literature review correlating this neonate’s particular presentation with these diagnoses has been included.
Some courtesy formulas used by Syrian-Lebanese immigrants in Argentina
Authors: Ainciburu María Cecilia , Ramajo Cuesta Ana
Published: September 2017

The use of formulaic phrases has attracted considerable interest in cultural studies, but little attention has been paid to sociolinguistic issues. This paper is a study of the linguistic courtesy expressions of Syrian-Lebanese, second-generation immigrants in Argentina. Based on secret recordings, and using an interpretive approach to transfer, this research explores the relationship between courtesy formulas in Arabic and their equivalent in Spanish. Formulas containing mainly somatic elements (hands and eyes) are selected to narrow the range of meanings of the targeted expressions. The approach to transfer is interpretive; the findings show how the formulas’ structures are tailored to the requirements of different languages, and how different formulas are creatively employed to display and negotiate identities that are related to the status of immigrants in Argentina and their discursive spaces.
Health Security in Hawaii by 2050: The Physical Effects of Climate Change
Authors: Canyon Deon V. , Burkle Frederick M. , Speare Rick
Published: September 2017

The World Health Organization defined climate change as the most important issue for the 21st century. In 2014, the State of Hawaii called climate change “a matter of security” that directly threatens “economic systems – food, water, energy, biodiversity and health” and has called for “actionable information for local decision making.” According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the burden of human morbidity attributable to climate change is relatively small although not well quantified. Nevertheless, generic climate change impacts are often used to justify actions without adequate supporting local evidence. This paper analyzes Hawaii’s health risks in relation to air pollution, heat extremes, ultraviolet radiation, and weather extremes and finds that Hawaii’s natural geography, robust water, and sanitation infrastructure render the islands less vulnerable to many of the often-mentioned climate change threats. It concludes that the health security threat posed by climate change effects on Hawaii’s physical environment over the next 35 years is slight in most areas and moderate with regard to ecosystem health. Because all global communities tend to be both discrete and unique in their vulnerability, it recommends the collection of grassroots, community-based resilience data to reveal local vulnerabilities that can inform strategic statewide planning.
Neurodevelopmental outcome at the age of 4 years according to the planned mode of delivery in term breech presentation: a nationwide, population-based record linkage study
Authors: Macharey Georg , Väisänen-Tommiska Mervi , Gissler Mika , Ulander Veli-Matti , Rahkonen Leena , Nuutila Mika , Heinonen Seppo
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate whether a trial of planned vaginal breech labor affects neurologic development in children.

Methods:

This is a nationwide, Finnish, population-based record linkage study. An odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was used to estimate the relative risk that a child delivered by planned vaginal breech labor would be diagnosed with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome (cerebral palsy, epilepsy, intellectual disability, sensor neural developmental outcome, hyperactivity, speech and language problems) at the age of 4 years. The reference group were children born by planned cesarean section.

Results:

During a study period of 7 years, 8374 infants were delivered in breech position. Among them, 3907 (46.7%) had an attempted labor and 4467 (53.3%) infants were delivered by planned cesarean section. There were no differences in the neurodevelopmental outcome. In the planned vaginal labor group, 133 (3.4%) children had an abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome at the age of 4 years compared to 142 (3.2%) in the planned cesarean section group.

Conclusion:

The absolute risk of abnormal neurological outcome in breech deliveries at term was low, regardless of planned mode of birth. Planned vaginal breech labor did not increase the risk for abnormal neurological outcome compared to planned cesarean section.
Stereochemical implications toward the total synthesis of aromatic belts
Authors: Golder Matthew R. , Zakharov Lev N. , Jasti Ramesh
Published: September 2017

The synthesis of carbon nanotube (CNT) fragments has long captivated organic chemists, despite the simplistic, symmetric nature of the requisite achiral targets. Such molecules hold the potential to allow for the synthesis of homogeneous CNTs, rendering their properties more suitable for advanced applications in electronics and sensing. The [n]cycloparaphenylene family, comprised of molecules with para-linked phenyl rings in a contiguous macrocycles, represents a major landmark towards achieving absolute control of CNT architecture from the bottom-up. Attempts towards accessing the [n]cyclacene and [n]cyclophenacene families, both of which are comprised of double-stranded macrocyclic belts, have only recently been successful, however. These targets have been plagued by unstable, strained intermediates and stereochemical pitfalls that have largely thwarted accessing these fascinating structures. Herein, we disclose our synthetic strategy toward overcoming several stereochemical challenges en route to [n]cyclophenacenes via highly substituted [n]cycloparaphenylene precursors.
Spider silk foam coating of fabric
Authors: Jokisch Stephan , Scheibel Thomas
Published: September 2017

Silks are well known natural fibers used for textile applications and have got for the first time available upon sericulture of silkworms (Bombyx mori) several thousand years ago in China. In contrast to silkworm silk, spider silks offer better mechanical properties such as higher tensile strength and much better toughness, but natural spider silk is less accessible due to the cannibalistic behavior of spiders prohibiting large scale farming, and therefore has not been employed in textile industry yet. In this study, a biotechnologically produced spider silk protein was introduced as a new material for textile applications in form of foam coating material. The spider silk foam coating was developed to increase the abrasion behavior of natural and polymeric furniture textiles. Modern textiles are high-tech materials and optimized concerning yarn design and fabric weave to fit a wide range of applications. Often hydrofluorocarbons based coatings are used to enhance textile performances. Upon coating with sustainable spider silk, yarn fraying was significantly reduced lowering the tendency to form knots and loops. Further, the textile abrasion resistance, analyzed by pilling tests, was improved significantly (17–200%) for all tested types of fabrics, in particular long term strain pilling was minimized.
Thermoelectric behavior of PEDOT:PSS/CNT/graphene composites
Authors: Liu Yan-Xin , Liu Hai-Hui , Wang Jian-Ping , Zhang Xing-Xiang
Published: September 2017

Hybrids of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT):poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/graphene (P/M/G), which have high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity, were successfully prepared in aqueous solution through in situ polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomers in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSSNa). Meanwhile, the composites were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy. Thermoelectric properties of the samples were measured at room temperature and 50°C. Compared with pristine PEDOT:PSS (P), PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT (P/M) and PEDOT:PSS/graphene (P/G), the power factor of P/M/G composites was significantly improved, whatever the temperature. It increased from 0.061 μW/mK2 to 0.105 μW/mK2 at room temperature and from 0.070 μW/mK2 to 0.142 μW/mK2 at 50°C, meaning 72% and 103% enhancement, respectively. The increased power factor is attributed to the synergic effects of MWCNT and graphene, a hybrid structure with excellent electronic coupling and more electric channels.
Models used in the study of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Estrada-Rojo Francisco , Martínez-Tapia Ricardo Jesús , Estrada-Bernal Francisco , Martínez-Vargas Marina , Perez-Arredondo Adán , Flores-Avalos Luis , Navarro Luz
Published: September 2017

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a contemporary health problem and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Survivors of TBI frequently experience disabling long-term changes in cognition, sensorimotor function, and personality. A crucial step in understanding TBI and providing better treatment has been the use of models to mimic the event under controlled conditions. Here, we describe the known head injury models, which can be classified as whole animal (in vivo),in vitro, and mathematical models. We will also review the ways in which these models have advanced the knowledge of TBI.
A Note on Licenses in the Presence of Corruption
Authors: Farmer Amy , Méndez Fabio , Samuel Andrew
Published: September 2017

We study the effectiveness of licenses in environments with corruption. We expand the standard model so that bribery is feasible not only when licenses are granted but also when enforced or verified. This modification alters many prior results on bribery and licensing significantly. Specifically, we show that in some cases penalties for bribery at the license-granting stage complement penalties for bribery at the permit-enforcement stage. In other cases, they act as substitutes for each other. These results are especially important for often used regulatory policies in which licenses are used in conjunction with some form of subsequent license verification. Thus, our model suggests that studying the impact of bribery at the license-granting stage should not be conducted without simultaneously studying bribery at the permit verification stage.
The Luck Egalitarianism of G.A. Cohen - A Reply to David Miller
Authors: Albertsen Andreas
Published: September 2017

The late G.A. Cohen is routinely considered a founding father of luck egalitarianism, a prominent responsibility-sensitive theory of distributive justice. David Miller argues that Cohen’s considered beliefs on distributive justice are not best understood as luck egalitarian. While the relationship between distributive justice and personal responsibility plays an important part in Cohen’s work, Miller maintains that it should be considered an isolated theme confined to Cohen’s exchange with Dworkin. We should not understand the view Cohen defends in this exchange as Cohen’s considered view. Accepting this thesis would change both our understanding of Cohen’s political philosophy and many recent luck egalitarian contributions. Miller’s argument offers an opportunity to reassess Cohen’s writings as a whole. Ultimately, however, the textual evidence against Miller’s argument is overwhelming. Cohen clearly considers the exchange with Dworkin to be about egalitarianism as such rather than about the best responsibility-sensitive version of egalitarianism. Furthermore, Cohen often offers luck egalitarian formulations of his own view outside of the exchange with Dworkin and uses luck egalitarianism as an independent yardstick for evaluating principles and distributions.
Schelling on the Possibility of Evil: Rendering Pantheism, Freedom, and Time Consistent
Authors: Bruno G. Anthony
Published: September 2017

German idealism stems in large part from Fichte’s response to a dilemma involving the concepts of pantheism, freedom, and time: time is the form of the determination of modes of substance, as held by a pantheistic or “dogmatic” person, or the form of acts generated by human freedom, as held by an idealistic person. Fichte solves the dilemma by refuting dogmatism and deducing time from idealism’s first principle. But his diagnosis is more portentous: by casting the lemmas in terms of person-types, he unintentionally invites Schelling’s philosophical rethinking of personality. In his middle period, Schelling argues for the consistency of the concepts of pantheism, freedom, and time, claiming that it depends on a “good” as opposed to “evil’ personality. However, since on his view personality is an absolute or
El cambio de código en los hashtags: Expansión de audiencia y afiliación en una comunidad multilingüe
Authors: Lavender Jordan
Published: September 2017

Abstracto

Este estudio analiza el papel del CdC en los hashtags utilizando datos recogidos de perfiles de Valencia, España. El CdC en los hashtags ocurre en un 5% de los casos. El inglés es la lengua más utilizada en los hashtags, seguido por el valenciano. Los hashtags son una herramienta para establecer públicos ad hoc alrededor de un tema compartido (Bruns y Burgess 2014). Estas comunidades ad hoc no solo tienen que ver con un tema compartido, sino que forman comunidades de individuos con el mismo estatus social en su red social. Los usuarios demuestran este prestigio poniendo hashtags en otras lenguas en sus tweets para demostrar competencia. Este estudio corrobora el propósito del CdC en los hashtags para expandir la audiencia y para expresar afiliación con una comunidad multilingüe virtual (Jurgens et al. 2014). El uso del inglés en sus hashtags es un símbolo de su conocimiento lingüístico y sirve como marcador de prestigio. El uso del valenciano tiene una función parecida al uso del galés en Twitter para expresar afinidad regional (Johnson 2013). Tiene una función parecida en cuanto a su función de señalar que el usuario que utiliza un hashtag en valenciano es parte de la comunidad valenciana en Twitter.
From theme to rheme: The evolution of causal conjunctions of temporal origin in Catalan
Authors: Pérez-Saldanya Manuel , Hualde José Ignacio
Published: September 2017

We trace the evolution of two causal conjunctions of temporal origin in Catalan,pus (que)‘since’ (laterpuix (que)), which ultimately derives from Latinpost‘after,’ andja que‘since,’ ultimately fromiam‘already.’ We focus on the different causal meanings that these connectors may express at different stages. The analysis of our Catalan corpus, which spans from the 13th to the 20th century, reveals a clear diachronic tendency for clauses headed by these conjunctions to be increasingly more frequently placed after the main clause. Given the expected correlation between clausal order and pragmatic function, we interpret these facts as showing that the thematic usage of clauses (primarily expressing causes oriented to the illocutionary force or the modal value) is prior to their interpretation as having rhematic causal value. These findings replicate the results that have been reported for the cognate Spanish conjunctions (with some time lag for Catja quevis-à-vis Spya que). and thus show a parallel evolution in the two languages. Furthermore, as in Spanish,puix (que)andja queshow a very similar evolutionary pattern, with the difference that the latter connector develops a few centuries later, providing some evidence for the cyclic character of this evolution (i.e, as the older connector moved along its grammaticalization path, a second connector arose to replace it in its original value and started evolving in the same direction).
Evaluation of resveratrol organogels prepared by micro-irradiation: fibroblast proliferation through in vitro wound healing
Authors: Çelen Çiğdem , Keçeciler Ceren , Yapar Evren Alğın , Gökçe Evren Homan , Nalbantsoy Ayşe
Published: September 2017

Objective

Resveratrol (RSV) has therapeutic potential with several biological activity. The aim of this study was to develop organogel formulations of RSV and to investigate the proliferation and migration via in vitro wound model of primary normal human skin fibroblasts (NHDF).

Methods

The optimum RSV concentration was determined by MTT assay. Three different types of polyethylene glycol (200, 400 and 600) were used to prepare Carbopol 940 based organogels by micro-irradiation method. Differential scanning microscopy (DSC) and rheological analyses were conducted. Proliferation activity and migration of fibroblast cells were determined with the Giemsa staining.

Results

The percentage of migration rate obtained with RSV-PEG-400 organogel was the highest, as 59.7%. The values obtained with RSV-PEG-200 and RSV-PEG-600 were 36.6% and 48.7%, respectively.

Conclusion

This study showed that RSV organogels produced by micro-irradiation method could be a model for active molecules that have low water solubility for different applications as pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals.
Investigation of Film Cooling Effectiveness of Dual-fanned Hole with Various Exit Widths
Authors: Guang-Chao Li , Shuai Zhou , Wei Zhang , Zhi-hai Kou , Rang-shu Xu
Published: September 2017

Film cooling effectiveness downstream of one row of holes of 30 degree inclination angle was measured by using a steady-state thermochromic liquid crystal technique at blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0, respectively. Three kinds of dual-fanned holes which have the same expanded entrance width and the different expanded exit widths were tested. The configuration of only expanded entrance, but cylindrical exit hole, was tested to examine the effect of the expanded entrance on film cooling performance. The numerical simulation for the three expanded exit configurations was carried out explaining the mechanism of film cooling by the flow and thermal field. The only expanded entrance has a weak influence on film cooling effectiveness. The

W
o

=
1.5
d

${W_o} = 1.5d$

configuration provides a lift of film cooling effectiveness compared to

W
o

=
1.0
d

${W_o} = 1.0d$

configuration. Film cooling effectiveness is not sensitive to the change of configurations from

W
o

=
1.5
d

${W_o} = 1.5d$

to

W
o

=
2.0
d

${W_o} = 2.0d$

. Film cooling effectiveness for

W
o

=
2.5
d

${W_o} = 2.5d$

performs significantly better than the other configurations due to the presence of the anti-vortex. The effect of dual-fanned exit width on film cooling effectiveness is strongly dependent on the blowing ratios.
Prior Learning of Relevant Nonaversive Information Is a Boundary Condition for Avoidance Memory Reconsolidation in the Rat Hippocampus
Authors: Radiske Andressa , Gonzalez Maria Carolina , Conde-Ocazionez Sergio A. , Feitosa Anatildes , Köhler Cristiano A. , Bevilaqua Lia R. , Cammarota Martín
Published: September 2017

Reactivated memories can be modified during reconsolidation, making this process a potential therapeutic target for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a mental illness characterized by the recurring avoidance of situations that evoke trauma-related fears. However, avoidance memory reconsolidation depends on a set of still loosely defined boundary conditions, limiting the translational value of basic research. In particular, the involvement of the hippocampus in fear-motivated avoidance memory reconsolidation remains controversial. Combining behavioral and electrophysiological analyses in male Wistar rats, we found that previous learning of relevant nonaversive information is essential to elicit the participation of the hippocampus in avoidance memory reconsolidation, which is associated with an increase in theta- and gamma-oscillation power and cross-frequency coupling in dorsal CA1 during reactivation of the avoidance response. Our results indicate that the hippocampus is involved in memory reconsolidation only when reactivation results in contradictory representations regarding the consequences of avoidance and suggest that robust nesting of hippocampal theta–gamma rhythms at the time of retrieval is a specific reconsolidation marker.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by maladaptive avoidance responses to stimuli or behaviors that represent or bear resemblance to some aspect of a traumatic experience. Disruption of reconsolidation, the process by which reactivated memories become susceptible to modifications, is a promising approach for treating PTSD patients. However, much of what is known about fear-motivated avoidance memory reconsolidation derives from studies based on fear conditioning instead of avoidance-learning paradigms. Using a step-down inhibitory avoidance task in rats, we found that the hippocampus is involved in memory reconsolidation only when the animals acquired the avoidance response in an environment that they had previously learned as safe and showed that increased theta- and gamma-oscillation coupling during reactivation is an electrophysiological signature of this process.
AUDITORÍA A LOS PROCESOS EN LAS EMPRESAS
Authors: Flores Konja Adrián Alejandro
Published: September 2017

Las Auditorias para ayudar a sus organizaciones y brindar servicios eficientes, eficaces, económicos y oportunos, precisan comprender la visión estratégica de la Alta Gerencia y la razón por la cual los procesos de la empresa vienen siendo objeto de creciente atención. En este sentido, se hace necesario poner énfasis en la auditoria a los procesos principales de la empresa e instituciones, pero con un enfoque diferente. Se requiere observarlos en su relación con el ambiente externo a la empresa (mercado, competencia, clientes, cambios tecnológicos) y el ambiente interno (valores, misión, objetivos, estrategias). A continuación se intenta esbozar de manera resumid a y esquemática un marco conceptual que permita entender el contexto básico en que se desarrolla la Alta Gerencia teniendo como punto de referencia permanente la unidad esencial de los negocios: Los Procesos. En la primera sección se trata algunos conceptos (globalización, mercado, competitividad) que permiten una visión condensada del ambiente externo en que operan las organizaciones. Dichos conceptos nos servirán de constante referencia para llegar al enfoque central: La Auditoría a los Procesos de la empresa. En la segunda parte de la misma sección se aborda el ambiente interno de la empresa, destacando aquellos factores que deben tenerse en cuenta para asegurar una adecuada gestión gerencial (la estrategia, la estructura y la cultura) exponiéndolos desde el punto de vista de su interacción dinámica sostenida en u na base común: Los Procesos de la empresa. En la segunda sección se centra en los procesos de la empresa , definiéndolos e identificando sus características más importantes y relevando el enfoque a los procesos o visión horizontal del negocio sobre el enfoque funcional o visión vertical. En la tercera sección exponemos algunos criterios básicos a tener en cuenta para el planeamiento estratégico de auditoría que incorpore la revisión, evaluación y control de los procesos de la empresa por ser actividades claves para el éxito de los negocios, concluimos esta sección recordando brevemente la importancia de algunos parámetros de medición de la gestión gerencial.
PLAN DE ESTUDIOS PARA LA FORMACIÓN DEL CONTADOR PÚBLICO EN AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Flores Konja Julio Vicente
Published: September 2017

La Asociación Latinoamericana de Facultades y Escuelas de Contaduría (ALAFEC) cumpliendo el encargo del Consejo Ejecutivo Ampliado, realizada en México en el mes de marzo del 2002, presentó a la Asamblea General de ALAFEC, en la Ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán, México, realizado los días 12, 13 y 14 de noviembre del 2003 entre otros, el tema central: «Las Bases para la Formación del Contador Público en América Latina». Las Instituciones de Educación Superior están obligadas constantemente a replantear los temas educativos, respondiendo a las exigencias de los cambios en la estructura económica mundial, en concordancia con los avances de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, lo que permite lograr mejorar la formación de los recursos humanos, en este caso del Contador Público latinoamericano al servicio de cada país y vinculado internacional-mente, fortaleciendo la profesión ante los retos de las sociedades latinoamericanas en materia contable. «El objetivo general es integrar por medio de una consulta regional, una propuesta mínima para orientar los Planes de Estudio en Contaduría Pública que ofrecen las Instituciones de Educación Superior en América Latina». A continuación se presenta el resultado del Tema Central de ALAFEC: "LAS BASES PARA LA CREACIÓN DE UN PLAN DE ESTUDIOS PARA LA FORMACIÓN D EL CONTADOR PÚBLICO EN AMÉRICA LATINA"
APLICACIONES TÉCNICAS Y CIENTÍFICAS DEL CAPITAL INTELECTUAL EN EL ACTUAL PROCESO CONTABLE DEL PERÚ
Authors: Polar Falcón Ernesto Augusto
Published: September 2017

En las últimas décadas se ha producido un cambio muy importan te en relación con los factores generadores de beneficios en las empresas. Durante muchos años la economía se basó en la producción; bajo este paradigma los activos físicos constituyeron la principal fuente generadora de recursos. Actualmente, en cambio, estamos inmersos en una economía basada en el conocimiento, y ante esta nueva perspectiva, los activos intangibles cobran una inusitada relevancia en el proceso de creación de valor de las empresas. Mayor aún es el auge de los activos intangibles si se tiene en cuenta la revolución que se ha producido en materia de comunicaciones, lo que ha permitido a las empresas acceder a l extraordinario poder que representa tener a su alcance la información adecuada en el momento preciso. Esto ha creado un nuevo ámbito para el mundo de los negocios y como gran novedad, han aparecido las llamadas «empresas virtuales», en las cuales el activo «no se ve», pero las inversiones son grandes, y aun mayor es la posibilidad de generar recursos. En el marco de esta nueva visión de la economía ha cobrado importancia una nueva expresión: «el capital intelectual» y pareciera que se trata de un nuevo elemento que se presenta como u n desafío para la contabilidad tradicional. Ahora bien: ¿Se trata en realidad de un nuevo elemento que aparece en las empresas?, ¿por qué se afirma que es u n desafío para la contabilidad tradicional?
LA INTERPRETACIÓN DE LAS NORMAS TRIBUTARIAS EN FUNCIÓN A LA REALIDAD DE LOS HECHOS ECONÓMICOS
Authors: Calderón Aguilar Lourdes
Published: September 2017

El tema que nos ocupa es uno que ha sido tratado largamente por destacados tributaristas del medio y, básicamente, supone establecer, que en las relaciones jurídicas, como la tributaria, la primacía de los hechos contables, no puede ser dejada de observa r. Las in terminables contingencias entre la norma legal y la contable quedan así sometidas a los criterios resolutivos de los altos tribunales, quienes deberán, antes que a la forma, dar primacía a los hechos económicos que las recubren.