bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AKMA3 Cruise Report
Authors: Panieri Giuliana , Bünz Stefan , Savini Alessandra , Rogers Alex David , Colson Beckett , Argentino Claudio , Dausse Denis , Swanborn Denise , Goetz Eleanor , Ernsten Eyvind , Hemmateenejad Fereshteh , Barrenechea Angeles Ines , Viola Irene , Hayden-Nygren Juliana , Andersen Kjetil , Rolley Leighton , Eilertsen Mari Heggernes , Cosserat Oscar , Vågenes Patrick , Andersen Rasmus , Ventrice Rossana , Mattingsdal Rune , Ramalho Sofia , Vågenes Stig , Coulombier Thibault , Yun Fann Toh , Holms Truls , Lanci Valentina , Petsakou Vasw , Holm Villads , Yu Ting Yan
Published: September 2024

The AKMA3 oceanographic expedition (29th April–10th May) is part of the Advancing Knowledge of Methane in the Arctic, a project funded by the Norwegian Research Council (287869). The main aim of AKMA is to develop a long-term, multidisciplinary education, and research collaboration focused on Arctic methane sources, processes, ecosystems, and geological history to provide exceptional training for the next generation of experts in Arctic marine sciences and greenhouse gas phenomena.
The AKMA3 oceanographic expedition focuses on three objectives:

SCIENCE: Focus on the interplay between changing ocean conditions and the physical, biological, and chemical response of extreme environments (methane and oil seepage sites) through a multidisciplinary study of sites in the Barents Sea. Research activities: study sediment-sea-air greenhouse gas exchange; conducting water-column profiling of CH4; gas source analyses; biological and sediment sampling.
EDUCATION: This high-level science on this cruise also includes sea-going training for students to develop their knowledge in collecting, curating, and processing samples and data, providing opportunities to fully engage in marine science.
OUTREACH: To generate enthusiasm and interest in research expeditions with students and to promote a deeper understanding of science and its applications.
Enhancing security in financial transactions: a novel blockchain-based federated learning framework for detecting counterfeit data in fintech
Authors: Rabbani Hasnain , Shahid Muhammad Farrukh , Khanzada Tariq Jamil Saifullah , Siddiqui Shahbaz , Jamjoom Mona Mamdouh , Ashari Rehab Bahaaddin , Ullah Zahid , Mukati Muhammad Umair , Nooruddin Mustafa
Published: September 2024

Fintech is an industry that uses technology to enhance and automate financial services. Fintech firms use software, mobile apps, and digital technologies to provide financial services that are faster, more efficient, and more accessible than those provided by traditional banks and financial institutions. Fintech companies take care of processes such as lending, payment processing, personal finance, and insurance, among other financial services. A data breach refers to a security liability when unapproved individuals gain access to or pilfer susceptible data. Data breaches pose a significant financial, reputational, and legal liability for companies. In 2017, Equifax suffered a data breach that revealed the personal information of over 143 million customers. Combining federated learning (FL) and blockchain can provide financial institutions with additional insurance and safeguards. Blockchain technology can provide a transparent and secure platform for FL, allowing financial institutions to collaborate on machine learning (ML) models while maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of their data. Utilizing blockchain technology, FL can provide an immutable and auditable record of all transactions and data exchanges. This can ensure that all parties adhere to the protocols and standards agreed upon for data sharing and collaboration. We propose the implementation of an FL framework that uses multiple ML models to protect consumers against fraudulent transactions through blockchain. The framework is intended to preserve customer privacy because it does not mandate the exchange of private customer data between participating institutions. Each bank trains its local models using data from its consumers, which are then combined on a centralised federated server to produce a unified global model. Data is neither stored nor exchanged between institutions, while models are trained on each institution’s data.
Tone classification of online medical services based on 1DCNN-BiLSTM
Authors: Huang Cheng , Xie Peng , Wu Chunming , Liu Xiaojuan , Zhang Lin
Published: September 2024

In order to improve the recognition rate of the tone classification of doctors in online medical services scenarios, we propose a model that integrates a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN) with a bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM). Firstly, significant tone types within online medical services scenarios were identified through a survey questionnaire. Secondly, 68 features in both the time and frequency domains of doctors’ tone were extracted using Librosa, serving as the initial input for the model. We utilize the 1DCNN branch to extract local features in the time and frequency domains, while the BiLSTM branch captures the global sequential features of the audio, and a feature-level fusion is performed to enhance tone classification effectiveness. When applied in online medical services scenarios, experimental results show that the model achieved an average recognition rate of 84.4% and an F1 score of 84.4%, significantly outperforming other models and effectively improving the efficiency of doctor-patient communication. Additionally, a series of ablation experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the 1DCNN and BiLSTM modules and the parameter settings.
An agroecological approach to preparation and use of a milk protein production baseline
Authors: Coles Graeme D. , Rowarth Jacqueline S.
Published: September 2024

Commercial dairy production occurs in a complex management environment, but increasingly, the dairy manager is expected to provide detailed reporting of productivity and environmental outcomes, for which conventional research methods double-blind crossover or case:control trials are inappropriate. This paper demonstrates the development of a milk protein production monitoring tool using a temporal (baseline) control in longitudinal, census-type investigations of modulation of system performance in response to factor change. It utilises farm-derived current and historical data, and contrasts seasonal responses with those achieved on neighbouring farms in a 2 × 2 contingency table. The approach is then shown to be useful in assessing the effect of two approaches to moderating milk urea concentration. Firstly, milk urea content can be monitored as it falls due to reduced feed protein content, and this fall can be arrested when milk protein content starts to decline relative to the value expected for the herd at any lactation stage. Secondly, by providing a dietary intervention aimed at increasing the availability of metabolic energy in the last month before calving, udder development can be augmented, leading to greater protein secretion capacity, meaning greater utilisation of circulating amino acids, and thus more limited substrate for urea synthesis. Thus, the changing impact of differing nutrition practices on dairy herd nitrogen excretion to environment can be followed with daily precision. In principle this approach can provide useful insights into a wide range of practical management interventions.
Towards sustainable coastal management: aerial imagery and deep learning for high-resolution Sargassum mapping
Authors: Arellano-Verdejo Javier , Lazcano-Hernandez Hugo E.
Published: September 2024

The massive arrival of pelagic Sargassum on the coasts of several countries of the Atlantic Ocean began in 2011 and to date continues to generate social and environmental challenges for the region. Therefore, knowing the distribution and quantity of Sargassum in the ocean, coasts, and beaches is necessary to understand the phenomenon and develop protocols for its management, use, and final disposal. In this context, the present study proposes a methodology to calculate the area Sargassum occupies on beaches in square meters, based on the semantic segmentation of aerial images using the pix2pix architecture. For training and testing the algorithm, a unique dataset was built from scratch, consisting of 15,268 aerial images segmented into three classes. The images correspond to beaches in the cities of Mahahual and Puerto Morelos, located in Quintana Roo, Mexico. To analyze the results the fβ-score metric was used. The results for the Sargassum class indicate that there is a balance between false positives and false negatives, with a slight bias towards false negatives, which means that the algorithm tends to underestimate the Sargassum pixels in the images. To know the confidence intervals within which the algorithm performs better, the results of the f0.5-score metric were resampled by bootstrapping considering all classes and considering only the Sargassum class. From the above, we found that the algorithm offers better performance when segmenting Sargassum images on the sand. From the results, maps showing the Sargassum coverage area along the beach were designed to complement the previous ones and provide insight into the field of study.
Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of 0.2% Lemongrass Oil and 0.2% Chlorhexidine as a Preprocedural Mouth Rinse: A Randomised Controlled, Parallel Design, Split-mouth Clinical Trial
Authors: Penmetsa Gautami S , Manchala Bhavya , Beldhi Manisha , Vinnakota Keerthi , Kumar Karumuri Taraka Sunil , Babu Srikurmam Anil
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The aerosols produced by an ultrasonic scaler contain bacteria that may enter the respiratory systems of both dental surgeons and patients. Lemongrass oil is one of the essential oils with enormous antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of commercially available preprocedural mouth rinses, containing 0.2% lemongrass oil mouthwash and a 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution, in reducing the levels of viable bacteria in aerosols. Materials and Methods: This single-centre double-blinded randomised controlled parallel design split-mouth clinical trial was planned among patients in the Department of Periodontics attending Vishnu Dental College and Hospital in Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study was conducted for 40 days, from August 2022 to October 2022. Two distinct types of preprocedural mouth rinses (lemongrass oil and chlorhexidine) were used on 56 participants with Stage II or III and Grade B periodontitis. A total of 56 subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (0.2% lemongrass oil) and Group B (0.2% chlorhexidine), using a simple coin toss method. Colonyforming units (CFUs) with and without rinsing in each group were assessed and studied. CFUs collected on blood agar plates were counted during ultrasonic scaling both with and without rinsing. International Business Machine (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Paired t-tests and independent t-tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons for both groups. Results: The mean CFU count in the chlorhexidine group without rinsing was 259.6±26.6, and with rinsing, it was 140.7±22.6, which was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). In the lemongrass oil group, the CFU count without rinsing was 263.5±26.9, and with rinsing, it was 147.18±33.82, which was also statistically significant (p-value<0.001). In the intergroup comparison, the p-values for both groups-using preprocedural rinse (Group A vs. Group B for quadrants 2 and 3) and without preprocedural rinse (Group A vs. Group B for quadrants 1 and 4)-were 0.40 and 0.58, respectively, which were not significant. Conclusion: Both preprocedural mouth rinses were equally effective in reducing microbial counts in aerosols during ultrasonic scaling.
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism Presenting with Erythrodermic Psoriasis and Fahr’s Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Uppal Sanchit , Bhatnagar Mini , Mahendra Aneet , Narula Harneet
Published: September 2024

Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism may remain asymptomatic or present with hypocalcaemic neuromuscular manifestations. Dermatological manifestations like exfoliative dermatitis, pustular psoriasis and symmetrical brain calcification known as Fahr’s syndrome are uncommon in clinical practice. Even in absence of neuromuscular symptoms, hypocalcaemia associated with exfoliative skin lesions and symmetrical brain calcification should prompt investigation for hypoparathyroidism. A 40-year-old male presented with diffuse erythematous pruritic plaques and fever of 10 days duration. Auspitz sign was positive on examination. Investigations showed leucocytosis with neutrophilic predominance. He was admitted with a diagnosis of erythrodermic psoriasis with secondary infection. On the second day of admission he developed an episode of generalised tonic clonic seizure for the first time. Investigations into the cause of seizure revealed low serum calcium while computerised tomography of head revealed symmetrical calcification of bilateral basal ganglia. Further, he was found to have a low level of intact Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) level and hyperphosphataemia. Based on clinical, biochemical and radiological findings, a diagnosis of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, psoriasis and Fahr’s syndrome was made. Serum calcium was corrected with infusions of calcium gluconate followed by oral calcium carbonate. The patient was kept under observation for seizure recurrence. Calcium and vitamin D supplements and hydrochlorothiazide were started and psoriasis treatment was continued. His skin lesions resolved over the next two weeks, serum calcium levels returned to normal level and no seizure episodes were reported over three months of follow-up.
The Chronicle of the Conference «Time of Mastery. Age and Continuity in the Middle Ages and Medieval Studies»
Authors: Savin Leonid
Published: September 2024

The paper offers a brief review of the conference «Time of mastery. Age and continuity in the middle ages and medieval studies» (18-19 September 2023). During the event (in reports and discussions), important issues were raised and discussed, concerned age and continuity in the Middle ages, as well as within medieval studies.
«I Ghiribizzi al to Soderini» by a Florentine Secretary and Their Addressee (One More Hypothesis)
Authors: Yusim Mark
Published: September 2024

In 1969 Italian researchers made an important discovery for the study of the biography and works of Niccolo Machiavelli: the letter known as «Ghiribizzi al Soderini», previously attributed to 1512, when the Florentine secretary lost his post, was redated to 1506. It turned out that its addressee was not Piero Soderini, lifelong gonfaloniere of the Republic, but his nephew Giovan Battista. The significance of the letter, preserved in draft form and probably never sent, is that the ideas developed in it about the opposition between human valor and fortune, about the opposite paths leading to success and about the vicissitudes of political fates for 6-7 years anticipate the theses of Machiavelli’s main works: «The Prince» and «Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius». Over the past decades, scholars have repeatedly turned to analyze the above draft, trying to clarify the motives and circumstances of its writing, but some details still remain poorly understood, including the question of why the Secretary of the Council of Ten began to develop ideas important to himself in a letter to the nephew of the head of government. The hypothesis at issue here is a conjecture explaining this circumstance and related to the matrimonial plans of the Soderini family.
Bombyx vs Sericum: The Humanists’ «Invention» of European Silk at the End of the 15th – First Half of the 16 th Century
Authors: Galkova Daria
Published: September 2024

This paper deals with the humanists’ historical interpretation of the origin of silk in Europe. The lasting progress of Italian sericulture aroused the interest of intellectuals who turned to study ancient texts on the question of sericulture. Within the growing interest to the origin of things, special attention was paid to the beginnings of silk production in Europe. Based on ancient texts humanists cultivated an idea that in ancient times the women of is Island were the first to learn how to unravel silkworm cocoons for the production of bombazine, called in Latin bombyx. When in the first half of 16th century the work of Procopius of Caesarea «History of Wars» came into knowledge, a new revision began. The renaissance thinkers started to criticize the concept of the ancient sericulture on Cos. It was little by little replaced with the idea that the production technology of «real», Chinese silk (called in Latin sericum) was not known in Europe until the reign of Justinian. This conclusion was one of the factors that predetermined a revision of the authority of ancient knowledge for the modern science.
Exploring the Role of Environmental Ethical Consideration in Advancing Green Growth: Perspectives from India
Authors: Choudhary Akanksha , Sharma Ankita
Published: September 2024

Aims: The current study explores the intricate nexus between environmental ethical considerations and green growth in the context of India, a country grappling with dual challenges of rapid industrialization and environmental sustainability. As India seeks to balance rigorous economic growth, ecological preservation and integration of ethical principles into environmentally friendly policy design it is necessary to understand the meaning of ethical consideration and green growth relationship.
Theoretical Framework: The research aims to understand the interrelationship and implication of the of environmental ethical consideration into driving green growth, by exploring the challenges and prospects in context of India- a rapidly developing economy. This paper is structured in the form of exploration of available literature and through providing a vast perspective and strategic framework in regards of Indian policy makers and scenario in context of countries socio-economic and cultural structure.
Methodology: The study explores the available literature in the field and synthesizes the challenges available in the path of green growth management. Analysis of barriers to green growth in developing country framework is done by identifying chances of market failure, underinvestment in green technologies, and the lack of clear ethical guidelines present in the Indian developmental structure.
Results: The findings of this paper suggest the possibility of enhancing current scenarios to achieve what is needed to follow the path of green growth in economic context and coming future challenges. The findings are supported by rational policymaking and strategic investment, which can significantly advance India’s green economy, ensuring long term benefits and environmental well-being.
A Brief Overview on One Pot Multi-component Synthesis and Biological Properties of a Class of Nitrogenous Complex Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Dey Sourav , Ghosh Pranab
Published: September 2024

The quinoline and acridine core possesses a vast number of biological activities such as anticancer, anti-malarial, anti-microbial, antifungal, anti-tubercular activities and the conventional classical synthetic methods have harsh conditions having multistep process. Currently scientists are searching new methodology to eliminate the use of chemicals, solvents and catalysts, which are hazardous to human health as well as to environment and so, this review provides a concise overview of new dimensions of one pot multi-component synthetic approaches in designing quinoline and acridine scaffold. This review would give more scientific ideas to synthesis a variety of heterocyclic moieties in a new synthetic way following the one-pot multi-component method.
Can Soil Spectroscopy be a Strong Alternative to the Conventional Methods of Analysis?
Authors: Kuntoji Altaf , Somashekar K S , Hanji Shreya S , Nalina C. N. , V Bhavya, , G.V. Sumanth Kumar, , Chetia Mridul , Verma Tripta
Published: September 2024

Soil is considered as the source of life on the globe. Although, numerous research studies, the soil is not completely understood whereas it is dynamic complex matrix include many simultaneous processes. The conventional methods of soil testing are the most reliable for assessing the land productivity and management. Unfortunately, these methods are time consuming and laborious as well as costly and hazardous to the environment. Therefore, the soil spectroscopy technique provides the functions of detecting, characterizing, quantifying and mapping several soil properties based on the uses of different kinds of the sensors (ground-based, airborne-based, and satellite-based). An integration of soil spectroscopic data, data processing, and modelling is considered as an effective tool for estimating soil parameters. Although these advanced techniques able to predict the majority of soil properties, there are some of these properties require more experiments for building accurate calibration models for estimation. Moreover, creating accurate soil spectral libraries (SSLs) for specific areas or soil types is very crucial for saving time, effort, expenses of soil surveying, sampling, and analysis. The application of these SSLs has a big limitation of the continuous variability of the soil properties over time. Thus, establishing extensive spectral libraries is important and mandatory for covering the small scaled areas’ variabilities as well as available soil types. Till now, the soil spectroscopy is not entirely replacing the conventional testing methods of soils because these techniques need future applications to be trusted and guaranteed of their effectiveness.
Physio-Biochemical Characterization of Grape Germplasm from Leh Grown Under Tropical Condition of India
Authors: Nale R. D. , Ranpise S. A. , Somkuwar R. G. , Nikumbhe P.H.
Published: September 2024

Thirteen grape germplasm collected from local region of Leh district of Jammu and Kashmir were evaluated for physicochemical and biochemical characters for its suitability under tropical climate of India which has functional and nutritional value. Data on various vegetative, fruit physical and fruit chemical characters were recorded in the present investigation. Significant variations were observed for all the characters studied. Among the different accessions, Leh12 showed maximum average bunch weight (504.37g) and number of berries/bunch (126.30) followed by Leh14 (398.50g and 85.70 respectively), while highest 50 berry weight (192.53g), berry diameter (17.63 mm) and total soluble solid (22.63°Brix) was recorded in Leh14. The accession Leh12 had maximum acidity (0.83%) while maximum juice pH was recorded in Leh8. Maximum total phenol (7.44 mg/g), tannin content (9.01mg/g) and antioxidant activity (127.37 %) were observed in Leh14 while protein content (3.94mg/g), reducing sugar (266.25 mg/g) and carbohydrate (94.75mg/g) were highest in Leh2. Cluster analysis performed on the basis of yield parameters and biochemical attributes divided into two main groups. Group 1 was consisted of seven germplasm while six genotypes in group 2. All phenological, physical and biochemical studies showed useful attributes for future grapes improvement programs.
Clinical Outcomes of Nasoalveolar Moulding in Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Pragya Prachi , Sharma A. K , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Priyankar , Singh Nimmi
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Nasoalveolar Moulding (NAM) is a pre-surgical technique designed to reshape the alveolus, lip, and nose in infants with cleft lip and palate. The objectives of NAM for bilateral cleft lip and palate include: retracting the premaxilla using extraoral traction via lip taping, preserving the arch form with a passive appliance, developing clinically significant columellar tissue, and achieving harmonious nasal tip projection.
Aim and Objective: To access effectiveness of nasoalveolar moulding on alveolus and nose in bilateral cleft lip and palate.
Study Design: Descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: IGIMS, Patna. Between March 2022 and March 2024.
Material and Method: This descriptive study comprised 10 infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), undergoing nasoalveolar moulding (NAM).  The mean age of the infants at the start of the study was <6 weeks, impression was taken over which NAM appliance was fabricated and adjusted weekly depending upon progress of the treatment. Nasal stents were incorporated once the cleft width was reduced to 6 mm. Duration of treatment extends to 25 to 29 weeks. Post NAM impression was taken, alveolar and nasal measurements were recorded.
Result: Right & left Alveolar cleft width, mid-palatal arch width decreases significantly. Columellar length, right & left nasal height increase due to tissue elongation. Right & left nasal width and bialar width decreases significantly.
Conclusion: NAM therapy should be considered an integral part of the multidisciplinary approach to managing cleft lip and palate, improving not only the surgical outcomes but also the overall quality of life for affected infants.
Assessment of the Potential Mechanisms of Anti-diarrhoeal Activities of Ethanol Extract of Monoon longifolium Leave in Wistar Rat
Authors: Celestine Ugwu Obiora , Doris Umeakuana Chidinma , Gloria Ogbonna Chidera , Lilian Asadu Chidinma , Jude Ali Ibeabuchi , Keneolisa Asogwa Felix , Casmir Uzoefuna Chima , Collins Ogbu Chukwudi , Kingsley Nwokedi Chukwuebuka , Assumpta Anosike Chioma
Published: September 2024

Background: Numerous diseases related to diarrhea are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in underdeveloped countries, accounting for hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. Polyalthia longifolia, the false ashoka, commonly referred to as Monoon longifolium is a tree species from Asia. It is commonly found in southern india, Sri Lanka and Nigeria.  Polyalthia longifolia has been utilized for decades to treat an extensive variety of illnesses, including diarrhea.
Method: The plant was extracted with ethanol using cold maceration. Preliminary qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of Polyalthia longifolia leaf was conducted using the techniquees of Harbone (1998); Trease and Evans (1978). The Lorke (1983) approach was used to calculate the Median Lethal Dose (LD50). Diarrhea caused by castor oil was produced using the Awouter et al., 1973 method. The testing for gastrointestinal transit was conducted using the Mascolo et al. (1996) technique. The Tietz (1994) method was used to conduct the electrolyte levels assay. The assay for kidney function indicators was conducted using Bartels and Bohmer's (1972) methodology.
Results: The results of phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids and tannins occurred in high concentration, flavonoids and steroids occurred in moderate concentration, whereas terpenoids, glycosides and phenolic acid occurred in lowest concentration. The acute toxicity study revealed that the plant extract was not toxic even at the dose of 5000 mg/kg. Groups treated with 200,400, and 600 mg/kg b.w of extract showed significant (P < 0.05) inhibition in the frequency of defecation of wet feces and total fecal output compared with positive control. Similarly, Groups treated with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight of extract demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) antimotility activity when compared with the positive control. However, groups treated with 200,400 and 600mg/kg body weight showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in chlorine and sodium with corresponding decrease in bicarbonate and potassium level when compared with the positive control. The results from kidney function markers showed that groups treated with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg b.w in a dose dependent manner showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in creatine and urea when compared with positive control.
Conclusion: The ethanol leaf extract of Polyalthia longifolia has considerable antidiarrheal activity on castor oil-induced diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility models, confirming the reason for its wide use in traditional treatment of diarrheal conditions.
Effect of Seed Treatment of Boron, Cobalt and Molybdenum on Growth Parameter, Grain Yield and Seed Quality in Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: S.B Bangale , S.K Ugile , A.A. Chaudhari , S.S. Mane
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seed treatment of boron, cobalt and molybdenum on growth parameter, grain yield and seed quality in soybean (Glycine max L.) during kharif, during July, 2022 at experimental farm, department of Soil Science and Agricultural chemistry, College of Agriculture, Badnapur. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 8 treatments which were replicated thrice.The treatments comprises (T1) Absolute control, (T2) RDF, (T3) RDF + Boron @ 2 gm kg-1 seed, (T4) RDF + Cobalt @ 1.5 gm kg-1 seed, (T5) RDF + Ammonium molybdate 1 gm kg-1 seed , (T6) RDF + Boron @ 2 gm kg-1 seed + Cobalt @ 1.5 gm kg-1 seed, (T7) RDF + Cobalt @ 1.5 gm kg-1 seed + Ammonium molybdate @ 1 gm kg-1 seed, (T8) RDF + Boron @ 2 gm kg-1 seed + Cobalt @ 1.5 gm kg-1 + Ammonium molybdate @ 1 gm kg-1 seed .To achieve the objectives the observations were recorded at various growth stages of soybean kharif, during 2022. The result indicates that, treatment (T8) receiving RDF + Boron @ 2 gm kg-1 seed + Cobalt @ 1.5 gm kg-1 seed + Ammonium molybdate @ 1 gm kg-1seed was found effective due to advantages effect on morpho-physiological growth, yield and yield attributing characters likeplant height, nodulation, fresh weight of nodules, no. of root nodules, root length, number of pods plant-1of soybean grain yield, Stover yield of soybean. In grain quality the results revealed that test weight, protein content percentage were significantly influenced with the application of treatment T8. On the other hand, in all the cases the lower response was found from the control treatment.
Light Pollution: To What Extent We are Concerned About
Authors: Tanha Rahatul Zannat , Tusher Proloy Chakraborty , Zabir Abdullah Al , Raisa Tasfia Tabassum , Islam Tauhidul , Islam Md. Ariful , Saha Swarna
Published: September 2024

Light pollution is now a global problem with a catastrophic impact on human health, environment, ecology, plant life cycle, and animals. Some nations have enacted laws aimed at limiting light pollution. Unfortunately, there is no such regulation in Bangladesh, and if there is, it is not being enforced. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate people's perceptions of light pollution in Bangladesh. This study collected three hundred forty samples using a convenient sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data. Among the sources, the respondents identified commercial light, fireworks, light from the market, and light from billboards as the major sources of light pollution. Besides light from the neighbor's house, own domestic light, events light, and light from home were assumed to be the significant disturbing light sources. Findings showed that most respondents agreed with the hazardous impact of light pollution on human health, animals, the environment, and the ecosystem. Among the possible solutions, respondents recommended developing awareness, limiting light at night-time, cutting off unnecessary lights, and reducing the frequent use of decorative lights. Results conclude that people have a sound understanding and good perception of light pollution. So the associate agents can take appropriate steps toward light pollution control.
Effect of different Altitudes on Leaf Parameters of Garcinia indica (Choisy) in Uttara Kannada, India
Authors: Rathod Aravind B , Ramana P
Published: September 2024

Garcinia indica is a native tree species found in the Western Ghats of India and is important for commerce, ecology and medicine. This study looks into the morphometric characteristics of G. indica leaves and how they vary in the Uttara Kannada area of Karnataka, India, across various altitude zones. Eight test locations were chosen and divided into four altitude zones (Zones A (plains), Zone B (up-ghat), Zone C (mid-ghat) and Zone D (Coastal)) each of which corresponded to a distinct elevation and rainfall level. Forty trees were used to gather leaf samples and measurements of the leaves' length, breadth, (fresh and dry leaf) weight and moisture content were noted. The findings showed that there was a considerable altitude-dependent variation in leaf characteristics, with Zone-A showing the largest mean leaf length (9.48 cm), breadth (3.68 cm) and Zone-C showing the highest leaf weight (0.85 g). Four leaf types were noted: lanceolate, elliptical, ovate and obovate. The elliptical leaf shape was found to be the most prevalent. The study emphasizes how bioclimatic factors affect the morphology of G. indica leaves and it suggests that altitude is a major factor in determining the size and weight of leaves. This study supports the conservation and widespread use of G. indica by shedding light on its variety and ability to adapt to different environments.
Determining the Dependence of Deformation during Diffusion Welding on the Aspect Ratio Using Samples Made of SS 304 (1.4301)
Authors: Gietzelt Thomas , Toth Volker , Huell Andreas , Dittmeyer Roland
Published: October 2016

For uniaxial diffusion welding, deformation depends also on the diameter and height of the parts due to friction between sample and stamp applying the load. Also, the number of surfaces leveled during the welding process affects the deformation: for multilayered parts it is higher than for parts consisting of two halves only. Here, samples of different diameters and heights made of SS 304 are investigated at T = 1 075 °C, p = 25 MPa, and t = 4 h. These values are chosen to achieve reasonable deformation at large diameters and for flat samples as well. A regression is derived to precalculate the deformation. It is verified by experiments for arbitrary diameters and heights. Samples made of sheet material are diffusion‐welded to investigate the influence of the number of layers.
In Situ Fabrication of Highly Luminescent Bifunctional Amino Acid Crosslinked 2D/3D NH3C4H9COO(CH3NH3PbBr3)n Perovskite Films
Authors: Zhang Taiyang , Xie Liqiang , Chen Liang , Guo Nanjie , Li Ge , Tian Zhongqun , Mao Bingwei , Zhao Yixin
Published: October 2016

The perovskite quantum dots are usually synthesized by solution chemistry and then fabricated into film for device application with some extra process. Here it is reported for the first time to in situ formation of a crosslinked 2D/3D NH3C4H9COO(CH3NH3)
nPbnBr3n perovskite planar films with controllable quantum confine via bifunctional amino acid crosslinkage, which is comparable to the solution chemistry synthesized CH3NH3PbBr3 quantum dots. These atomic layer controllable perovskite films are facilely fabricated and tuned by addition of bi‐functional 5‐aminovaleric acid (Ava) of NH2C4H9COOH into regular (CH3NH3)PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) perovskite precursor solutions. Both the NH3+ and the COO− groups of the zwitterionic amino acid are proposed to crosslink the atomic layer MAPbBr3 units via PbCOO bond and ion bond between NH3+ and [PbX6] unit. The characterizations by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy confirm a successful fabrication of ultrasmooth and stable film with tunable optical properties. The bifunctional crosslinked 2D/3D Ava(MAPbBr3)n perovskite films with controllable quantum confine would serve as distinct and promising materials for optical and optoelectronic applications.
3D Metal Carbide@Mesoporous Carbon Hybrid Architecture as a New Polysulfide Reservoir for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Bao Weizhai , Su Dawei , Zhang Wenxue , Guo Xin , Wang Guoxiu
Published: October 2016

3D metal carbide@mesoporous carbon hybrid architecture (Ti3C2Tx@Meso‐C, TX ≈ FxOy) is synthesised and applied as cathode material hosts for lithium‐sulfur batteries. Exfoliated‐metal carbide (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets have high electronic conductivity and contain rich functional groups for effective trapping of polysulfides. Mesoporous carbon with a robust porous structure provides sufficient spaces for loading sulfur and effectively cushion the volumetric expansion of sulfur cathodes. Theoretical calculations have confirmed that metal carbide can absorb sulfur and polysulfides, therefore extending the cycling performance. The Ti3C2Tx@Meso‐C/S cathodes have achieved a high capacity of 1225.8 mAh g−1 and more than 300 cycles at the C/2 current rate. The Ti3C2Tx@Meso‐C hybrid architecture is a promising cathode host material for lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Intraperitoneal Administration of Biointerface‐Camouflaged Upconversion Nanoparticles for Contrast Enhanced Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Yuan Wei , Yang Dongpeng , Su Qianqian , Zhu Xingjun , Cao Tianye , Sun Yun , Dai Yu , Feng Wei , Li Fuyou
Published: October 2016

Pancreatic cancer has one of the highest fatality rates of all diseases, but poor drug availability after intravenous (IV) administration has hindered the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Herein, the authors report a novel strategy, combining intraperitoneal administration and phosphatidylcholine‐camouflaged NaLuF4:Yb,Tm/NaLuF4/NaDyF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP@PC) to gain the enhanced dual‐modal imaging (upconversion luminescence/magnetic resonance imaging) of orthotopic pancreatic cancer. Remarkably, the authors observe a 16‐fold improvement in the efficacy of utilization promoted intraperitoneally administered UCNP@PC in monitoring orthotopic pancreatic cancer compared with IV approach. Benefiting from modification with phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes, the optimized nanostructures show excellent biocompatibility and are rapidly excreted via the bile pathway after their intraperitoneal administration. The integration of the advanced design of UCNP@PC and the optimal drug administration route also give a general strategy for the advanced diagnosis and treatment of a series of intraperitoneal cancers.
Hereditary fructose intolerance mimicking a biochemical phenotype of mucolipidosis: A review of the literature of secondary causes of lysosomal enzyme activity elevation in serum
Authors: Ferreira Carlos R. , Devaney Joseph M. , Hofherr Sean E. , Pollard Laura M. , Cusmano‐Ozog Kristina
Published: October 2016

We describe a patient with failure to thrive, hepatomegaly, liver dysfunction, and elevation of multiple plasma lysosomal enzyme activities mimicking mucolipidosis II or III, in whom a diagnosis of hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) was ultimately obtained. She presented before introduction of solid foods, given her consumption of a fructose‐containing infant formula. We present the most extensive panel of lysosomal enzyme activities reported to date in a patient with HFI, and propose that multiple enzyme elevations in plasma, especially when in conjunction with a normal plasma α‐mannosidase activity, should elicit a differential diagnosis of HFI. We also performed a review of the literature on the different etiologies of elevated lysosomal enzyme activities in serum or plasma. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Holocene population history of the Sabana de Bogotá region, Northern South America: An assessment of the craniofacial shape variation
Authors: Delgado Miguel
Published: October 2016

Objectives

Several authors using multiple and independent lines of evidence investigating the biocultural continuity versus discontinuity in the Sabana de Bogotá region, in the eastern highlands of Colombia, have arrived at contradictory conclusions supporting either scenarios. This study analyzes the craniofacial size and shape variation of diachronic samples from the study region to test distinct population history scenarios that support continuity or, alternatively, divergence.

Materials and methods

A total of 92 adult skulls belonging to five chronological groups, ranging from c. 10,100 to 350 14C YBP, were analyzed through Procrustean geometric morphometric techniques. Matrix correlation analysis, multivariate exploratory (PCA, FDA), and evolutionary quantitative genetic methods (R‐matrix analysis and β‐test) were used to study the diachronic craniofacial shape variation.

Results

A model that supports strong evolutionary diversification over the Holocene better explains the patterns of morphological variation observed. At least two periods of significant craniofacial size and shape change were detected: one during the middle to initial late Holocene transition (c. 4,000–3,200 14C YBP) and other toward the final late Holocene (post‐2,000 14C YBP), which exhibit differences in the pattern and magnitude of cranial divergence. In addition, the differentiation viewed between early and mid‐Holocene foragers could mark the initial entry of non‐local populations into the region toward the beginnings of the middle Holocene.

Discussion

Distinct to previous investigations the present study supports a more complex regional population history where multiple population contractions/extinctions, dispersals and assimilations along with dietary adaptations took place during the last 10,000 years. These results are in agreement with the archaeological and paleoecological record which suggests marked periods of change rather than temporal stability.
Weaning practices among pastoralists: New evidence of infant feeding patterns from Bronze Age Eurasia
Authors: Ventresca Miller Alicia , Hanks Bryan K. , Judd Margaret , Epimakhov Andrey , Razhev Dmitry
Published: October 2016

Objectives

This paper investigates infant feeding practices through stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic analyses of human bone collagen from Kamennyi Ambar 5, a Middle Bronze Age cemetery located in central Eurasia. The results presented are unique for the time period and region, as few cemeteries have been excavated to reveal a demographic cross‐section of the population. Studies of weaning among pastoral societies are infrequent and this research adds to our knowledge of the timing, potential supplementary foods, and cessation of breastfeeding practices.

Materials and methods

Samples were collected from 41 subadults (<15 years) and 27 adults (15+ years). Isotopic reference sets from adult humans as well as faunal remains were utilized as these form the primary and complementary foods fed to infants.

Results

Slight shifts in δ13C and δ15N values revealed that weaning was a multi‐stage process (breastfeeding, weaning, and complete cessation of nursing) that began at 6 months of age, occurred over several years of early childhood, and was completed by 4 years of age.

Discussion

Our results indicate that weaning was a multi‐stage process that was unique among late prehistoric pastoralist groups in Eurasia that were dependent on milk products as a supplementary food. Our discussion centers on supporting this hypothesis with modern information on central and east Eurasian herding societies including the age at which complementary foods are introduced, the types of complementary foods, and the timing of the cessation of breastfeeding. Integral to this work is the nature of pastoral economies and their dependence on animal products, the impact of complementary foods on nutrition and health, and how milk processing may have affected nutrition content and digestibility of foods. This research on Eurasian pastoralists provides insights into the complexities of weaning among prehistoric pastoral societies as well as the potential for different complementary foods to be incorporated into infant diets in the past.
Polystyrene Sulfonate Threaded through a Metal–Organic Framework Membrane for Fast and Selective Lithium‐Ion Separation
Authors: Guo Yi , Ying Yulong , Mao Yiyin , Peng Xinsheng , Chen Banglin
Published: October 2016

Extraction of lithium ions from salt‐lake brines is very important to produce lithium compounds. Herein, we report a new approach to construct polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) threaded HKUST‐1 metal–organic framework (MOF) membranes through an in situ confinement conversion process. The resulting membrane PSS@HKUST‐1‐6.7, with unique anchored three‐dimensional sulfonate networks, shows a very high Li+ conductivity of 5.53×10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C, 1.89×10−3 S cm−1 at 70 °C, and Li+ flux of 6.75 mol m−2 h−1, which are five orders higher than that of the pristine HKUST‐1 membrane. Attributed to the different size sieving effects and the affinity differences of the Li+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+ ions to the sulfonate groups, the PSS@HKUST‐1‐6.7 membrane exhibits ideal selectivities of 78, 99, and 10296 for Li+/Na+, Li+/K+, Li+/Mg2+ and real binary ion selectivities of 35, 67, and 1815, respectively, the highest ever reported among ionic conductors and Li+ extraction membranes.
HNO‐Binding in Heme Proteins: Effects of Iron Oxidation State, Axial Ligand, and Protein Environment
Authors: Khade Rahul L. , Yang Yuwei , Shi Yelu , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2016

HNO plays significant roles in many biological processes. Numerous heme proteins bind HNO, an important step for its biological functions. A systematic computational study was performed to provide the first detailed trends and origins of the effects of iron oxidation state, axial ligand, and protein environment on HNO binding. The results show that HNO binds much weaker with ferric porphyrins than corresponding ferrous systems, offering strong thermodynamic driving force for experimentally observed reductive nitrosylation. The axial ligand was found to influence HNO binding through its trans effect and charge donation effect. The protein environment significantly affects the HNO hydrogen bonding structures and properties. The predicted NMR and vibrational data are in excellent agreement with experiment. This broad range of results shall facilitate studies of HNO binding in many heme proteins, models, and related metalloproteins.
H2S Sensors: Fumarate‐Based fcu‐MOF Thin Film Grown on a Capacitive Interdigitated Electrode
Authors: Yassine Omar , Shekhah Osama , Assen Ayalew H. , Belmabkhout Youssef , Salama Khaled N. , Eddaoudi Mohamed
Published: October 2016

Herein we report the fabrication of an advanced sensor for the detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at room temperature, using thin films of rare‐earth metal (RE)‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) with underlying fcu topology. This unique MOF‐based sensor is made via the in situ growth of fumarate‐based fcu‐MOF (fum‐fcu‐MOF) thin film on a capacitive interdigitated electrode. The sensor showed a remarkable detection sensitivity for H2S at concentrations down to 100 ppb, with the lower detection limit around 5 ppb. The fum‐fcu‐MOF sensor exhibits a highly desirable detection selectivity towards H2S vs. CH4, NO2, H2, and C7H8 as well as an outstanding H2S sensing stability as compared to other reported MOFs.
Palladium(II) Acetylide Complexes with Pincer‐Type Ligands: Photophysical Properties, Intermolecular Interactions, and Photo‐cytotoxicity
Authors: Hung Faan‐Fung , Wu Shui‐Xing , To Wai‐Pong , Kwong Wai‐Lun , Guan Xiangguo , Lu Wei , Low Kam‐Hung , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: October 2016

Two classes of cationic palladium(II) acetylide complexes containing pincer‐type ligands, 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (terpy) and 2,6‐bis(1‐butylimidazol‐2‐ylidenyl)pyridine (C^N^C), were prepared and structurally characterized. Replacing terpy with the strongly σ‐donating C^N^C ligand with two N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) units results in the PdII acetylide complexes displaying phosphorescence at room temperature and stronger intermolecular interactions in the solid state. X‐ray crystal structures of [Pd(terpy)(C≡CPh)]PF6 (1) and [Pd(C^N^C)(C≡CPh)]PF6 (7) reveal that the complex cations are arranged in a one‐dimensional stacking structure with pair‐like PdII⋅⋅⋅PdII contacts of 3.349 Å for 1 and 3.292 Å for 7. Density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations were used to examine the electronic properties. Comparative studies of the [Pt(L)(C≡CPh)]+ analogs by 1H NMR spectroscopy shed insight on the intermolecular interactions of these PdII acetylide complexes. The strong Pd−Ccarbene bonds render 7 and its derivative sufficiently stable for investigation of photo‐cytotoxicity under cellular conditions.