bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 effect on β‐cell function varies according to diabetes remission status after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass
Authors: Shah Ankit , Prasad Malini , Mark Victoria , Holst Jens Juul , Laferrère Blandine
Published: June 2022

Aims

The contribution of endogenous glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 to β‐cell function after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is well established in normoglycaemic individuals, but not in those with postoperative hyperglycaemia. We, therefore, studied the effect of GLP‐1 on β‐cell function in individuals with varying degrees of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) control after RYGB.

Materials and Methods

Glucose, insulin secretion rates, β‐cell glucose sensitivity and glucagon were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test before (saline only) and at 3, 12 and 24 months after RYGB with and without infusion of the GLP‐1 receptor blocker exendin9−39 (EX9). The cohort was retrospectively classified based on T2D remission (REM) status at the latest study time point: REM (n = 5), persistent T2D (n = 8), or impaired glucose tolerance (n = 16).

Results

EX9 blunted the increase in β‐cell glucose sensitivity at 3 months (−44.1%, p < .001) and 12 months (−43.3%, p < .001), but not at 24 months (−12.4%, p = .243). EX9 enhanced postprandial glucagon concentrations by 62.0% at 3 months (p = .008), 46.5% at 12 months (p = .055), and 30.4% at 24 months (p = .017). EX9 counterintuitively decreased glucose concentrations at 3 months in the entire cohort (p < .001) but had no effect on glycaemia at 12 and 24 months in persistent T2D and impaired glucose tolerance; it minimally worsened glycaemia in REM at 12 months.

Conclusions

GLP‐1 blockade reversed the improvement in β‐cell function observed after RYGB, but this effect varied temporally and by REM status. GLP‐1 blockade transiently and minimally worsened glycaemia only in REM, and lowered postprandial glucose values at 3 months, regardless of REM status.
Hospital costs associated with adverse events in people with diabetes in the UK
Authors: Keng Mi Jun , Leal Jose , Bowman Louise , Armitage Jane , Mihaylova Borislava ,   ASCEND Study Collaborative Group
Published: June 2022

Aim

To estimate the annual hospital costs associated with a range of adverse events for people with diabetes in the UK.

Methods

Annual hospital costs (2019/2020) were derived from 15 436 ASCEND participants from 2005 to 2017 (120 420 person‐years). The annual hospital costs associated with cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, transient ischaemic attack [TIA], ischaemic stroke, heart failure), bleeding (gastrointestinal [GI] bleed, intracranial haemorrhage, other major bleed), cancer (GI tract cancer, non‐GI tract cancer), end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), lower limb amputation and death (vascular, non‐vascular) were estimated using a generalized linear model following adjustment for participants' sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Results

In the year of event, ESRD was associated with the largest increase in annual hospital cost (£20 954), followed by lower limb amputation (£17 887), intracranial haemorrhage (£12 080), GI tract cancer (£10 160), coronary revascularization (£8531 if urgent; £8302 if non‐urgent), heart failure (£8319), non‐GI tract cancer (£7409), ischaemic stroke (£7170), GI bleed (£5557), myocardial infarction (£4913), other major bleed (£3825) and TIA (£1523). In subsequent years, most adverse events were associated with lasting but smaller increases in hospital costs, except for ESRD, where the additional cost remained high (£20 090).

Conclusions

Our study provides robust estimates of annual hospital costs associated with a range of adverse events in people with diabetes that can inform future cost‐effectiveness analyses of diabetes interventions. It also highlights the potential cost savings that could be derived from prevention of these costly complications.
National roll‐out of early intervention for eating disorders: Process and clinical outcomes from first episode rapid early intervention for eating disorders
Authors: Richards Katie L. , Hyam Lucy , Allen Karina L. , Glennon Danielle , Di Clemente Giulia , Semple Amy , Jackson Aileen , Belli Stefano R. , Dodge Elizabeth , Kilonzo Charmaine , Holland Leah , Schmidt Ulrike
Published: June 2022

Aim

First Episode Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorders (FREED) is an early intervention model for young people with recent‐onset eating disorders (ED). Promising results from a previous single‐centre study and a four‐centre study (FREED‐Up) have led to the rapid national scaling of FREED to ED services in England (FREED‐4‐All). Our aim was to evaluate duration of an untreated ED (DUED), wait time target adherence, and clinical outcomes in FREED‐4‐All and compare these to the (benchmark) findings of the earlier FREED‐Up study.

Method

FREED services submit de‐identified data to the central FREED team quarterly. The current study covers the period between September 2018 and September 2021. This FREED‐4‐All dataset includes 2473 patients. These were compared to 278 patients from the FREED‐Up study.

Results

DUED was substantially shorter in the FREED‐4‐All dataset relative to the FREED‐Up study (15 vs. 18 months). Adherence to the wait time targets was comparable in both cohorts (~85% of engagement calls attempted in <2 days, ~50%–60% of assessments offered in <14 days, ~40% of treatment offered in <28 days). Patients in the FREED‐4‐All dataset experienced significant improvements in ED and general psychological symptoms from pre‐ to post‐treatment that were comparable to the FREED‐Up study. These findings should be interpreted cautiously as only 6% of FREED‐4‐All patients had post‐treatment data.

Conclusions

Data from the FREED‐4‐All evaluation suggest that FREED is replicating at scale. However, these data are flawed, uncertain, proximate, and sparse and should therefore be used carefully alongside other evidence and clinical experience to inform decision making.
The potential built‐in supply effect from margin trading in the Chinese stock market
Authors: Li Yanxi , Choy Siu Kai , Wang Mingzhu
Published: June 2022

Utilizing a unique daily data set, we examine how the covering of margin positions affects earnings announcement returns in the Chinese stock market dominated by retail traders. Unlike previous research on forced covering during price crashes, we propose that margin interest acts as a built‐in supply and find that intensive covering of margin positions pushes down stock prices during earnings announcements of extreme good news. The release of built‐in supply leads to stronger post‐earnings‐announcement drift (PEAD) after good news compared with that after bad news, consistent with investors’ tendency to realize profits after a gain under the disposition effect.
Migraine with aura associates with a higher artificial intelligence: ECG atrial fibrillation prediction model output compared to migraine without aura in both women and men
Authors: Chiang Chia‐Chun , Chhabra Nikita , Chao Chieh‐Ju , Wang Han , Zhang Nan , Lim Elisabeth , Baez‐Suarez Abraham , Attia Zachi I. , Schwedt Todd J. , Dodick David W. , Cutrer Fred M. , Friedman Paul A. , Noseworthy Peter A.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To compare the artificial intelligence‐enabled electrocardiogram (AI‐ECG) atrial fibrillation (AF) prediction model output in patients with migraine with aura (MwA) and migraine without aura (MwoA).

Background

MwA is associated with an approximately twofold risk of ischemic stroke. Longitudinal cohort studies showed that patients with MwA have a higher incidence of developing AF compared to those with MwoA. The Mayo Clinic Cardiology team developed an AI‐ECG algorithm that calculates the probability of concurrent paroxysmal or impending AF in ECGs with normal sinus rhythm (NSR).

Methods

Adult patients with an MwA or MwoA diagnosis and at least one NSR ECG within the past 20 years at Mayo Clinic were identified. Patients with an ECG‐confirmed diagnosis of AF were excluded. For each patient, the ECG with the highest AF prediction model output was used as the index ECG. Comparisons between MwA and MwoA were conducted in the overall group (including men and women of all ages), women only, and men only in each age range (18 to <35, 35 to <55, 55 to <75, ≥75 years), and adjusted for age, sex, and six common vascular comorbidities that increase risk for AF.

Results

The final analysis of our cross‐sectional study included 40,002 patients (17,840 with MwA, 22,162 with MwoA). The mean (SD) age at the index ECG was 48.2 (16.0) years for MwA and 45.9 (15.0) years for MwoA (p < 0.001). The AF prediction model output was significantly higher in the MwA group compared to MwoA (mean [SD] 7.3% [15.0%] vs. 5.6% [12.4%], mean difference [95% CI] 1.7% [1.5%, 2.0%], p < 0.001). After adjusting for vascular comorbidities, the difference between MwA and MwoA remained significant in the overall group (least square means of difference [95% CI] 0.7% [0.4%, 0.9%], p < 0.001), 18 to <35 (0.4% [0.1%, 0.7%], p = 0.022), and 35 to <55 (0.5% [0.2%, 0.8%], p < 0.001), women of all ages (0.6% [0.3%, 0.8%], p < 0.001), men of all ages (1.0% [0.4%, 1.6%], p = 0.002), women 35 to <55 (0.6% [0.3%, 0.9%], p < 0.001), and men 18 to <35 (1.2% [0.3%, 2.1%], p = 0.008).

Conclusions

Utilizing a novel AI‐ECG algorithm on a large group of patients, we demonstrated that patients with MwA have a significantly higher AF prediction model output, implying a higher probability of concurrent paroxysmal or impending AF, compared to MwoA in both women and men. Our results suggest that MwA is an independent risk factor for AF, especially in patients <55 years old, and that AF‐mediated cardioembolism may play a role in the migraine–stroke association for some patients.
Influences ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection on diversity, heterogeneity, and composition of human gastric microbiomes across stages of gastric cancer development
Authors: Xiao Wanmeng , Ma Zhanshan ( Sam)
Published: June 2022

Background

About a half of the world's population is infected withHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori), but only 1%–3% of them develop gastric cancer. As a primary risk factor for gastric cancer, the relationship betweenH. pyloriinfection and gastric microbiome has been a focus in recent years.

Materials and methods

We reanalyze 11 human gastric microbiome datasets with or withoutH. pylori, covering the healthy control (HC) and four disease stages (chronic gastritis (CG), atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastric cancer (GC)) of gastric cancer development to quantitatively compare the influences of theH. pyloriinfection and disease stages on the diversity, heterogeneity, and composition of gastric microbiome. Four medical ecology approaches including (i) diversity analysis with Hill numbers, (ii) heterogeneity analysis with Taylor's power law extensions (TPLE), (iii) diversity scaling analysis with diversity–area relationship (DAR) model, and (iv) shared species analysis were applied to fulfill the data reanalysis.

Results

(i) The influences ofH. pyloriinfection on the species diversity, spatial heterogeneity, and potential diversity of gastric microbiome seem to be more prevalent than the influences of disease stages during gastric cancer development. (ii) The influences ofH. pyloriinfection on diversity, heterogeneity, and composition of gastric microbiomes in HC, CG, IM, and GC stages appear more prevalent than those in AG stage.

Conclusion

Our study confirmed the impact ofH. pyloriinfection on human gastric microbiomes: The influences ofH. pyloriinfection on the diversity, heterogeneity, and composition of gastric microbiomes appear to be disease‐stage dependent.
Transnational social protection infrastructures: African migrants in Mexico
Authors: Serra Mingot Ester , Gonález Zepeda Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2022

In the past years, increasingly restrictive migration policies have pushed many migrants to seek new and more risky migration routes. Many studies have investigated aspects of social protection for migrants from the Global South in industrialized countries of the Global North, with powerful welfare states. Yet, such focus has failed to understand the complexities during the migration process, where people often spend uncertain periods of time in transit countries and the state is frequently absent. In these contexts, social protection is predominantly provided by the third sector (TS) and informal networks both nationally and transnationally. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted with African migrants and TS organizations in Mexico, this paper explores the different and often semi‐formal relationships between the TS, the state, and the migrants that result in complex transnational social protection infrastructures to cover the migrants' basic social protection needs.
Proxy‐report in individuals with intellectual disability: A scoping review
Authors: Santoro Stephanie L. , Donelan Karen , Constantine Melissa
Published: June 2022

Background

Views can be collected from individuals (self‐report) or others on their behalf (proxy‐report).

Objective

We aimed to review the literature on methods and statistical approaches used to evaluate observer versus self‐report responses from individuals with intellectual disability or Down syndrome.

Methods

A series of key questions related to statistical approaches and data collection methods were formulated a priori to inform the search strategy and review process. These addressed the topics of self‐report in individuals with intellectual disability, including Down syndrome. Using the National Library of Medicine database, PubMed, detailed literature searches were performed. The quality of available evidence was then evaluated, the existing literature was summarised, and knowledge gaps and research needs were identified.

Results

Fifty relevant original articles were identified which addressed at least one key question. Study details, including: research design, internal validity, external validity, and relevant results are presented. Review of studies of individuals with intellectual disability which used a variety of statistical approaches showed mixed agreement between self‐report and proxy‐report.

Conclusion

Few studies identified to‐date have used self‐report from individuals with Down syndrome, but lessons from the existing intellectual disability literature can guide researchers to incorporate self‐report from individuals with Down syndrome in the future.
Outgroup exclusion, identity, and collective action in the Brexit context
Authors: Knapton Holly , Renström Emma A. , Bäck Hanna
Published: June 2022

This paper explored how the source of exclusion (ingroup/outgroup) influences ingroup identification and political engagement. It is well documented that social exclusion has a negative impact on individuals' well‐being, but less is known how it affects identification with the ingroup, and subsequent behavior. In two studies, one survey (N = 193) and one experiment (N = 384), we explore how exclusion in the context of Brexit impacts identification with the EU and Remain cause and in turn engagement with a pro‐EU group. Participants sympathetic to the Remain‐side were recruited and findings suggest that exclusion from the outgroup (Leave‐sympathizers) increases ingroup identity measures and engagement with a Pro‐EU group. Mediation analysis revealed that increased ingroup identity mediated engagement with the ingroup.
Information sharing between mutual funds and auditors
Authors: Hope Ole‐Kristian , Rao Pingui , Xu Yanping , Yue Heng
Published: June 2022

This paper examines whether there is information sharing between mutual funds and their auditors about the auditors’ other listed firm clients. Using data from the Chinese market, we find that mutual funds earn higher profits from trading in firms that share the same auditors. The effects are more pronounced when firms have a more opaque information environment and when the audit partners for the fund and the partners for the listed firm share school ties. The evidence is consistent with information flowing from auditors to mutual funds, providing mutual funds with an information advantage in firms that share the same auditors. Our findings are robust to the use of audit‐firm mergers and acquisitions (M&As) as exogenous shocks and several other robustness checks. We further find that auditors benefit by charging higher audit fees for mutual fund clients and by improving their audit quality for listed firm clients. Our study provides evidence of bi‐directional information sharing between two important market intermediaries.
LncRNA SNHG1 promotes sepsis‐induced myocardial injury by inhibiting Bcl‐2 expression via DNMT1
Authors: Zhang Rui , Niu Zequn , Liu Jie , Dang Xiaoyan , Feng Hui , Sun Jiangli , Pan Longfei , Peng Zhuo
Published: June 2022

Myocardial injury is a frequently occurring complication of sepsis. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1)‐mediated DNA methyltransferase 1/B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (DNMT1/Bcl‐2) axis in sepsis‐induced myocardial injury. Mice and HL‐1 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish animal and cellular models simulating sepsis and inflammation. LncRNA SNHG1 was screened out as a differentially expressed lncRNA in sepsis samples through microarray profiling, and the upregulated expression of lncRNA SNHG1 was confirmed in myocardial tissues of LPS‐induced septic mice and HL‐1 cells. Further experiments suggested that silencing of lncRNA SNHG1 reduced the inflammation and apoptotic rate of LPS‐induced HL‐1 cells. LncRNA SNHG1 inhibited Bcl‐2 expression by recruiting DNMT1 to Bcl‐2 promoter region to cause methylation. Inhibition of Bcl‐2 promoter methylation reduced the inflammation and apoptotic rate of LPS‐induced HL‐1 cells. In vivo experiments substantiated that lncRNA SNHG1 silencing alleviated sepsis‐induced myocardial injury in mice. Taken together, lncRNA SNHG1 promotes LPS‐induced myocardial injury in septic mice by downregulating Bcl‐2 through DNMT1‐mediated Bcl‐2 methylation.
That's an Order! How the Quest for Efficiency Is Transforming Judicial Cooperation in Europe
Authors: Brekke Stein Arne , Naurin Daniel , Šadl Urška , López‐Zurita Lucía
Published: June 2022

Effective procedural arrangements allow courts to reconcile conflicting demands of timely justice and sound legal argument. In the context of the European Union, conflict between these demands emerged most acutely in the face of paralyzing delays in the preliminary reference procedure. It was partly solved by Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure. The provision allowed the European Court of Justice to dispose of repetitive and legally undemanding cases with a reasoned order in lieu of a judgment. This article analyses all published orders of the European Court of Justice to examine the use and the implications of Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure. It is the first article to do so. We find that the Court resorts to orders to save time and to halt repeated questions from the courts of a single Member State.
Effects of whole grain intake on glycemic control: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Yan Hongjia , Chen Liying , Wang Yixing , Liang Jingjing , Feng Xin , Hui Suocheng , Wang Kai
Published: June 2022

Aims/Introduction

Although mounting evidence has suggested an inverse association between the intake of whole grains and glycemic control, findings from randomized controlled trials are still conflicting. The current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of medium/long‐term whole grain intake on glycemic control in metabolic syndrome and healthy populations.

Materials and Methods

A literature search was carried out to identify qualified studies up to July 2021. The effects of whole grain consumption on glycemic control were calculated using a fixed effects model. Subgroup analysis was used to study whether grouping factors were important influencing factors of heterogeneity between research results.

Results

A total of 32 randomized controlled trials with 2,060 participants were included in the analyses. Whole grain consumption showed a significant inverse regulatory effect on fasting glucose concentration, but no significant effect was found for other glycemic measures, such as fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin and 2‐h glucose, in the pooled analysis. Through subgroup analyses, a significant decrease in fasting glucose concentration was observed for studies with a higher whole grain dose, with participants of normal glycemia, and with mixed types of whole grain.

Conclusions

Medium‐/long‐term whole grain intake reduced the fasting glucose concentration compared with similar refined foods. Appropriate intervention dose and accurate population selection might be the key links for whole grain consumption to exert its glycemic control effect.
Exploring societal perspectives on priorities at the end of life in South Korea using Q‐methodology
Authors: Kim Ick‐Jee
Published: June 2022

Aim

To explore societal perspectives on priorities at the end of life in South Korea, an Asian country with high characteristics of Confucian culture. Based on this understanding, this study proposes strategies for establishing well‐dying Confucian heritage cultures.

Methods

Q‐methodology, suitable for analyzing human subjectivity, was used in this study. Thirty‐four Q‐statements were extracted from the 170 Q population, which were gathered from literature reviews and online resources. Participants were 33 people expected to present diverse views of priorities at the end of their lives. The data were analyzed with principal component analysis and varimax rotations using the PQMethod software.

Results

Four distinct perspectives on priorities at the end of life in South Korea were identified: “Emphasizing the right to self‐determination,” “Avoiding burdening the family,” “Putting life first,” and “Connotations with a complex perspective.”

Conclusions

This study provides strategies for preparing various nursing interventions or policies for the establishment of a well‐dying culture based on the four identified perspectives on priorities at the end of life, especially in countries with Confucian heritage cultures.
A method for the fast and photon‐efficient analysis of time‐domain fluorescence lifetime image data over large dynamic ranges
Authors: Laine Romain F. , Poudel Chetan , Kaminski Clemens F.
Published: June 2022

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) allows the quantification of sub‐cellular processes in situ, in living cells. A number of approaches have been developed to extract the lifetime from time‐domain FLIM data, but they are often limited in terms of speed, photon efficiency, precision or the dynamic range of lifetimes they can measure. Here, we focus on one of the best performing methods in the field, the centre‐of‐mass method (CMM), that conveys advantages in terms of speed and photon efficiency over others. In this paper, however, we identify a loss of photon efficiency of CMM for short lifetimes when background noise is present. We subsequently present a new development and generalization of CMM that provides for the rapid and accurate extraction of fluorescence lifetime over a large lifetime dynamic range. We provide software tools to simulate, validate and analyse FLIM data sets and compare the performance of our approach against the standard CMM and the commonly employed least‐square minimization (LSM) methods. Our method features a better photon efficiency than standard CMM and LSM and is robust in the presence of background noise. The algorithm is applicable to any time‐domain FLIM data set.
Impact of early postoperative indwelling urinary catheter removal: A systematic review
Authors: Nollen Jeanne‐Marie , Pijnappel Laury , Schoones Jan W. , Peul Wilco C. , Van Furth Wouter R. , Brunsveld‐Reinders Anja H.
Published: June 2022

Background

Indwelling urinary catheters (IDUCs) are associated with complications and early removal is therefore essential. Currently, it is unknown what the effect of a specific removal time is and what the consequences of this removal time are.

Research question

To present an overview of the available evidence to determine the effects of three postoperative IDUC removal times (after a certain number of hours, at a specific time of day and flexible removal time) on the development of complications in hospital.

Methods

PubMed, Medline, Embase, Emcare and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched till 6 June, 2021. Studies were included that described the effect of the removal time in relation to re‐catheterisation, urinary tract infections (UTIs), ambulation time, time of first voiding and hospital stay. The quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care. A narrative descriptive analysis was performed. PRISMA guidelines were followed in reporting this review.

Results

Twenty studies were included from which 18 compared removal after a number of hours, 1 reported on a specific removal time and 1 reported on both topics. The results were contradicting regarding the hypothesis that later removal increases the incidence of UTIs. Earlier removal does not lead to a higher re‐catheterisation rate while immediate removal is beneficial for reducing the time to first ambulation and shortening the hospital stay. Studies reporting on specific removal times did not find differences in outcomes. No study addressed flexible removal time.

Conclusions

There is inconclusive evidence that earlier removal results in less UTIs, despite the incidence of UTIs increasing if the IDUC is removed ≥24 h. Immediate or after 1–2 day(s) removal does not lead to higher re‐catheterisation rates while immediate removal results in earlier ambulation and shorter length of hospital stay.

Implications of key findings

Nurses should focus on early IDUC removal while being aware of urinary retention.
Thecomforter‐in‐chief: How two traumatic experiences shaped president joe Biden's first 100 days
Authors: McAdams Dan P.
Published: June 2022

Objective

In the first 100 days of his U.S. presidency, Joe Biden sought to comfort Americans who had lost loved ones to the pandemic and to initiate a surprisingly progressive policy agenda. I interpret these two cardinal features of his early presidency in terms of two traumatic losses in Biden's personal life, contextualizing the argument within a 3‐tiered model of personality.

Method

This psychobiography of a single case mainly follows an inductive, grounded‐theory approach that aims to find patterns in the data that both explain a life and link to evidence‐based constructs in psychological science.

Results

As Biden understands his own life story, the deaths of his wife and daughter in 1972 and first‐born adult son in 2015 forged an empathic sensibility that enables him to connect deeply with other Americans through shared grief and pain. These two traumatic events also inform the uniquely conciliatory approach he followed to instigate social change.

Conclusions

The first 100 days of the Biden presidency provide a striking example of how a particular person's life history comes to meet the broader historical moment. The findings have implications for how personality researchers think about redemptive life stories and the nature of late‐life narrative identity.
The transmembrane α‐helix of LptC participates in LPS extraction by the LptB2FGC transporter
Authors: Wilson Andrew , Ruiz Natividad
Published: June 2022

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an essential component of the outer membrane of most Gram‐negative bacteria that provides resistance to various toxic compounds and antibiotics. Newly synthesized LPS is extracted from the inner membrane by the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter LptB2FGC, which places the glycolipid onto a periplasmic protein bridge that connects to the outer membrane. This ABC transporter is structurally unusual in that it associates with an additional protein, LptC. The periplasmic domain of LptC is part of the transporter's bridge while its transmembrane α‐helix intercalates into the LPS‐binding cavity of the core LptB2FG transporter. LptC’s transmembrane helix affects the in vitro ATPase activity of LptB2FG, but its role in LPS transport in cells remains undefined. Here, we describe two roles of LptC’s transmembrane helix in Escherichia coli. We demonstrate that it is required to maintain proper levels of LptC and participates in coupling the activity of the ATPase LptB to that of its transmembrane partners LptF/LptG prior to loading LPS onto the periplasmic bridge. Our data support a model in which the association of LptC’s transmembrane helix with LptFG creates a nonessential step that slows down the LPS transporter.
Comparison of three different treatment methods for traumatic and Iatrogenic peripheral artery pseudoaneurysms
Authors: Zhao Baocheng , Zhang Jinli , Ma Jianxiong , Huang Mei , Li Jin , Ma Xinlong
Published: June 2022

Objective

To compare the efficacy of open surgery (OS), endovascular interventions (EIs), and ultrasound‐guided thrombin injection (UGTI) for the treatment of peripheral arterial pseudoaneurysms (PAs).

Methods

From January 1, 2001, to February 10, 2021, 38 patients diagnosed with traumatic and iatrogenic PAs treated with OS, EI, and UGTI were retrospectively analyzed. There were 18 females and 20 males, with an age of 56.47 ± 14.08 years (range,17–87 years). Anesthesia modality, operation duration, blood transfusion, duration of hospital stay, primary and secondary success rates, and complication rate were used to evaluate the surgical outcomes.

Results

There were 11 cases under regional anesthesia and 4 under general anesthesia in OS group, 9 under regional anesthesia and 1 under general anesthesia in EI group, and no regional or general anesthesia was required in UGTI group. There was no significant differences between any two groups (χ2 = 39.80, p < 0.05). The blood tranfusion amount (units) were 3.6 ± 6.0, 0.8 ± 2.5, 0.0 ± 0.0 for OS, EI, and UGTI groups, respectively, with significant difference between OS and UGTI groups (F = 3.03, p < 0.05). The operation duration (minutes) of OS, EI, and UGTI groups were 80.0 ± 41.9, 56.0 ± 8.4, and 22.7 ± 5.3, respectively, with significant difference between any two groups (F = 15.69, p < 0.05). The duration of hospital stay (days) were 47.7 ± 39.0, 31.5 ± 17.6, and 16.3 ± 9.5, repectively, with significant difference between any two groups (F = 47.73, p < 0.05). The primary clinical success rates were 80% (12/15), 90% (9/10), and 92.3% (12/13) in OS,EI, and UGTI groups, respectively, with no significant difference between any two groups (χ2 = 0.34, p > 0.05). The secondary clinical success rates were 100% for all three groups. The overall complication rates of OS, EI, and UGTI groups were 20% (3/15), 10% (1/10), and 7.7% (1/13), respectively, with no significant difference between any two groups (χ2 = 1.00, p > 0.05). The infection rates were 13.3% (2/15), 10% (1/10), and 0% (0/13) in OS, EI, and UGTI groups respectively, with no significant difference between any two groups (χ2 = 1.80, p > 0.05). The reintervention rates were 6.7% (1/15), 0% (0/10), 7.7% (1/13) in OS, EI, and UGTI groups, respectively, with no significant difference between two groups (χ2 = 0.95, p > 0.05). Neuralgia was relieved in all patients.

Conclusions

OS, EI, and UGTI are efficacious and safe options for the treatment of appropriate patients with traumatic and iatrogenic PAs. UGTI would be considered as a first‐line therapy for this condotion.
Laminectomy for Penetrating Spinal Cord Injury with Retained Foreign Bodies
Authors: Zhang Peng , Liu Xiaoyang , Zhou Dongsheng , Zhang Qingyu
Published: June 2022

Background

Penetrating spinal cord injury (PSCI) with retained foreign bodies (RFB) is rarely observed in clinics and may result in a complete or incomplete neurological deficit. This study was performed to appraise the treatment effect of laminectomy for PSCI with RFB.

Case Presentation

This study presented three patients referred to a tertiary hospital between August 2011 and October 2018 due to PSCI with RFB and receiving laminectomy. The first patient was a 25‐year‐old female with a butcher's knife piercing the T9 lamina and T10 vertebral body obliquely; the second was a 49‐year‐old male who suffered a perforating wound of the cervical spinal canal and injury of vertebral artery from foreign glass, while the third was a 60‐year‐old male with a wooden stick penetrating stomach and terminating in the L1 lamina. The first and second patients immediately underwent laminectomy for debridement and removal of RFB, while the third received two‐staged operations to remove the retained stick thoroughly. Unfortunately cases 1 and 3 eventually resulted in total paralysis and case 2 revealed no improvement in myodynamia. Then, Medline/PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched, and 23 articles involving 25 additional cases with this kind of injury were included for analysis.

Conclusions

The optimal treatment strategy for penetrating spinal cord injury with retained foreign bodies remains challenging and should be assessed case‐by‐case. If possible, surgical removal of foreign bodies by laminectomy is preferred immediately to prevent delayed presentation and persistent contamination. Meanwhile, a multidisciplinary team is needed to address concomitant injuries.
Clinical Outcomes of Culture‐Negative and Culture‐Positive Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Similar Success Rate, Different Incidence of Complications
Authors: Xu Zhiyang , Huang Changyu , Lin Yiming , Chen Yongfa , Fang Xinyu , Huang Zida , Zhang Chaofan , Zhang Zhenzhen , Zhang Wenming
Published: June 2022

Objective

To compare the clinical outcomes of culture‐negative periprosthetic joint infection (CN PJI) with those of culture‐positive periprosthetic joint infection (CP PJI).

Methods

This study retrospectively examined data from 77 patients who underwent revision surgery due to periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after hip and knee arthroplasty at our center from January 2012 to June 2017. There were 37 males and 40 females, with an average age of 63.6 year. All patients were classified by Tsukayama type, according to the bacterial culture results of synovial fluid and pre‐ and intraoperative tissues, 24 cases were included in the CN PJI group, and 53 cases were included in the CP PJI group. All patients underwent routine blood tests, liver, renal function tests, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) measurements. The remission rates of CN PJI and CP PJI were compared. The effects of the culture results on the curative effect were further compared by survival analysis.

Results

The patients were followed regularly with an average of 29.2 months (range, 12–76 months). In total, there were 24 cases of CN PJI, with an incidence of 29.63%. The overall success rate of CN PJI group was 86.4% (19/22), and overall success rate of CP PJI group was 87.5% (42/48). The relative efficacy of various surgical options was: one‐stage revision 100% (7/7), two‐stage revision 96.3% (26/27), debridement and implant retention 64.3% (9/14), respectively. There was no significant difference in the success rate between the CN PJI group and the CP PJI group. The incidence of antibiotic‐related complications for the CN PJI group was significantly higher than that of the CP PJI group, with 58.3% for CN PJI and 11.3% for CP PJI, respectively.

Conclusion

When CN PJI was treated according to the strict standards for the diagnosis and treatment, the success rate of treatment for the CN PJI group was similar to that for the CP PJI group. The incidence of antibiotic‐related complications from the CN PJI group was higher than that from the CP PJI group.
An amino acid transporter‐like protein (OsATL15) facilitates the systematic distribution of thiamethoxam in rice for controlling the brown planthopper
Authors: Xiao Yuyan , Zhang Hanlin , Li Zhiwei , Huang Tinghong , Akihiro Takashi , Xu Jian , Xu Hanhong , Lin Fei
Published: June 2022

Characterization and genetic engineering of plant transporters involved in the pesticide uptake and translocation facilitate pesticide relocation to the tissue where the pests feed, thus improving the bioavailability of the agrichemicals. We aimed to identify thiamethoxam (THX) transporters in rice and modify their expression for better brown planthopper (BPH) control with less pesticide application. A yeast library expressing 1385 rice transporters was screened, leading to the identification of an amino acid transporter‐like (ATL) gene, namely OsATL15, which facilitates THX uptake in both yeast cells and rice seedlings. In contrast to a decrease in THX content in osatl15 knockout mutants, ectopic expression of OsATL15 under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter or a vascular‐bundle‐specific promoter gdcsPpro significantly increased THX accumulation in rice plants, thus further enhancing the THX efficacy against BPH. OsATL15 was localized in rice cell membrane and abundant in the root transverse sections, vascular bundles of leaf blade, and stem longitudinal sections, but not in hull and brown rice at filling stages. Our study shows that OsATL15 plays an essential role in THX uptake and its systemic distribution in rice. OsATL15 could be valuable in achieving precise pest control by biotechnology approaches.
Facial cleft presenting as a congenital facial papule
Authors: Gao Julia L. , Rogers Gary F. , Myseros John S. , Habeshian Kaiane A.
Published: June 2022

Tessier number 3 craniofacial clefts are a rare congenital deformity of the oronasoocular region with variable severity, most often with serious impacts on appearance and function due to involvement of the bone and soft tissue. However, they can occasionally manifest mildly as a skin‐colored congenital facial papule present with subtle anatomic anomalies and signs of deeper involvement, such as crusting and oozing. Recognizing that a congenital facial papule, including non‐midline lesions, may be the presenting sign of an underlying developmental anomaly is important to avoid missing the diagnosis of a more extensive underlying congenital defect. We present a rare case of a forme fruste variant of a Tessier number 3 craniofacial cleft to raise awareness of its presentation and advise initial management in hopes of improving outcomes.
Six‐rowed wild‐growing barleys are hybrids of diverse origins
Authors: Guo Yu , Himmelbach Axel , Weiss Ehud , Stein Nils , Mascher Martin
Published: June 2022

Crop–wild gene flow is common when domesticated plants and their wild relatives grow close to each other. The resultant hybrid forms appear as semi‐domesticates and were sometimes considered as missing links between crops and their wild progenitors. Wild‐growing barleys in Central and Eastern Asia, named Hordeum agriocrithon, show hallmark characters of both wild and domesticated forms. Their spikes disintegrate at maturity to disperse without human intervention, but bear lateral grains, which were favored by early farmers and are absent from other wild barleys. As an intermediate form, H. agriocrithon has been proposed several times as a progenitor of domesticated barley. Here, we used genome‐wide marker data and whole‐genome resequencing to show that all H. agriocrithon accessions of a major germplasm collection are hybrid forms that arose multiple times by admixture of diverse domesticated and wild populations. Although H. agriocrithon barleys have not played a special role in barley domestication, future analysis of the adaptative potential of bi‐directional crop–wild gene flow in extant barleys may prove a fertile research field.
De novo centromere formation in pericentromeric region of rice chromosome 8
Authors: Xue Chao , Liu Guanqing , Sun Shang , Liu Xiaoyu , Guo Rui , Cheng Zhukuan , Yu Hengxiu , Gu Minghong , Liu Kai , Zhou Yong , Zhang Tao , Gong Zhiyun
Published: June 2022

Neocentromeres develop when kinetochores assemble de novo at DNA loci that are not previously associated with CenH3 nucleosomes, and can rescue rearranged chromosomes that have lost a functional centromere. The molecular mechanisms associated with neocentromere formation in plants have been elusive. Here, we developed a Xian (indica) rice line with poor growth performance in the field due to approximately 272 kb deletion that spans centromeric DNA sequences, including the centromeric satellite repeat CentO, in the centromere of chromosome 8 (Cen8). The CENH3‐binding domains were expanded downstream of the original CentO position in Cen8, which revealed a de novo centromere formation in rice. The neocentromere formation avoids chromosomal regions containing functional genes. Meanwhile, canonical histone H3 was replaced by CENH3 in the regions with low CENH3 levels, and the CenH3 nucleosomes in these regions became more periodic. In addition, we identified active genes in the deleted centromeric region, which are essential for chloroplast growth and development. In summary, our results provide valuable insights into neocentromere formation and show that functional genes exist in the centromeric regions of plant chromosomes.
The field and its prosthesis: Archiving Arctic ecologies in the 1920s
Authors: Bruun Johanne M.
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the topological entanglements between the naturalistic field and natural history archives, arguing that the spatial categories of ‘field’ and ‘archive’ should be considered in terms of their indexical relations. Conceptually, it points to the prosthetic qualities of the archive, namely its capacity to simultaneously delimit and expand the field by facilitating novel ways of seeing and knowing it. The field, in turn, is a necessary source of plant and animal matter without which there is no archive. Bringing together geographical literatures on ‘field’ and ‘archive’ with literature on cultures and practices of collecting, this intervention is at once conceptual and empirical. The conceptual debate is hinged to, and inspired by, the practices of collecting, classifying, and ordering Arctic ecologies by the three Oxford University Arctic Expeditions to Spitsbergen (now Svalbard) in 1921–24. These expeditions have been hailed as significant episodes in the history of ecology. While ecology as a discipline shared an ordering impulse with the archive, early twentieth‐century ecologists were explicitly distancing themselves from practices they associated with ‘armchair science’. This paper exemplifies how field–archive dialogue remained central to the practices of ecology. Reading field collecting and subsequent specimen analysis as processes of active archiving, the paper hones in on select moments and practices which connected Spitsbergen‐as‐field and UK archival institutions, such as the British Museum of Natural History. In doing so, the paper draws out the distributed nature of archive and field alike, pointing to the non‐limited locality of both localised field operations and archival practices, as well as the co‐constitutional nature of these two sites of knowledge production.
Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation of the Fan-Outlet Guide Vanes Stage of a Turbofan Engine: Part II—Broadband Noise Predictions
Authors: Polacsek Cyril , Daroukh Majd , François Benjamin , Barrier Raphael
Published: June 2022

This paper (Part II) presents the broadband noise predictions of a turbofan stage based on a hybrid method proposed by ONERA in the framework of the European project TurboNoiseBB. The numerical approach relies on a ZDES (Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation) strategy that is applied to a fan module at approach conditions and tested in AneCom facility (Wildau, Germany). The ZDES method with main aerodynamic flow features is detailed in a companion paper (Part I), and this one focuses on acoustic analyses. Acoustic codes based on Amiet's theory and FWH (Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings) analogy, both taking into account for duct propagation effects, are briefly described in the article and chained to the computational fluid dynamics to assess the rotor–stator interaction (RSI) noise (focusing on stator sources). The required inputs are the turbulent wake information (issued from either Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) or ZDES) in front of the stator and the unsteady pressure on the vane wall, respectively. Turbulent velocity profiles and velocity spectra are compared to hot-wire measurements in the interstage region. A nice agreement is globally observed with a clear improvement compared to RANS solutions. Then, sound power spectra in the intake and bypass duct provided by acoustic codes are discussed and compared to the experiment. Reliable numerical predictions are obtained when undesirable additional sources in the rear-chord region (believed to be caused by local flow detachments from the vane leading edge and near the trailing edge) are removed from the FWH surface integration. ZDES + FWH spectra are found to be not so far from RANS + Amiet ones, with a best fitting to the experimental spectrum shape and predicted levels 3 dB below the measurements.
A Synergy-Based Approach for the Design of a Lower-Limb, Cable-Driven Exosuit
Authors: Jorge Daniel Rodriguez , Bermejo-Garcìa Javier , Jayakumar Ashwin , Romero-Sánchez Francisco , Alonso Francisco Javier
Published: June 2022

A novel, synergy-based design for lower-limb, gait assistance exosuits is proposed in this paper. The general design philosophy is followed by the mathematical model that leads to the exosuit’s actuation system design from a certain set of postural synergies, which may reduce the number of total required actuators and, thus, the overall system weight and price. Cable extensions are chosen as the design variable upon which the principal component analysis is performed, given the high resulting cumulative variance that is obtained with few principal components. Expressions for the pulley radii are then derived and a general exosuit design is proposed, along with a novel transmission system that can combine any number of actuators to follow the gait movements from a synergy perspective. A basic testbench is also presented with such a transmission system implemented and an empirical set of results are shown with a varying number of actuators, proving that cable extensions and synergy-based design provide an excellent solution when reducing the number of actuation units in a walking-assistance exosuit.
Free Convection Heat Transfer From a Spherical Shaped Open Cavity
Authors: Vakacharla Bharat Kumar , Rana Basanta Kumar
Published: June 2022

A computational work is performed on laminar free convection from an isothermally heated spherical shaped open cavity with negligible wall thickness suspended in the air. Fluid flow and heat transfer are analyzed in detail by solving governing differential equations (continuity, momentum, and energy) numerically over wide ranges of the relevant dimensionless parameters, namely, Rayleigh number, 104 ≤ Ra ≤ 108; and height to diameter ratio, 0.15 ≤ h/D ≤ 0.95. The detailed behavior of thermal and flow fields is delineated by suitable visualization techniques for different Ra and h/D. The influence of Ra and h/D on the local and average Nusselt number is also predicted and it is observed that the average Nusselt number on both outer and inner surfaces decreases with the increase of h/D for a constant value of Ra. A suitable correlation for the net average Nusselt number is obtained for the spherical-shaped open vessel surface as a function of Ra, and h/D based on the computed data points, which is expected to be relevant for various academic and industrial operations. This study can be helpful in various industrial operations, such as heat treatment of foodstuffs, shield surfaces, thermal insulations, melting of polymer pellets, and fluidized reactors.