bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreword
Authors: Horne John
Published: December 2015

We lead with the publication of the Paul Sieghart Memorial Lecture delivered by Brenda Hale for the British Institute of Human Rights on 7th July 2004. We are very grateful to Lady Hale and the Institute for permission to publish this acclaimed consideration of the question ‘What can the Human Rights Act do for my mental health?’.

On 12th November 2004 the Law School of Northumbria University, together with Eversheds (solicitors), hosted the 2nd North East Mental Health Law Conference in Newcastle upon Tyne. We are very pleased to publish three papers arising from (and updated since) the Conference.

In this issue we publish two responses to the Draft Mental Health Bill 2002, one from Mat Kinton and the other from The Law Society, and Lucy Scott-Moncrieff provides a preliminary response to the findings of the Joint Parliamentary Scrutiny Committee.
Legislation to Law: Rubicon or Styx?
Authors: Carlile Alex
Published: December 2015

I wrote this article as a reflection on the activities of the Joint Scrutiny Committee on the Draft Mental Health Bill 2004. My credentials for authorship are that I acted as the Chair of the Committee, elected by the Committee at the beginning of its proceedings.
“A socially excluded group”? – Hearing the voice of victims
Authors: Bentley Claire
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this article is to review how the needs of victims of mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) are being addressed by healthcare teams treating MDOs and by the Mental Health Review Tribunal in providing victims with information and giving victims a voice.
Mental Health in the Workplace (1) – ‘Stress’ Claims and Workplace Standards and the European Framework Directive on Health and Safety at Work
Authors: Wheat Kay
Published: December 2015

This is first of two articles that will address mental health issues at work. It is written in the context of the case brought by the European Commission against the UK government alleging that the standard of care prescribed by the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 falls below that required by the European Framework Directive on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work. It will be argued that such alleged divergences between the UK and Europe are not clear cut, and, in the context of mental health, given the more nebulous nature of mental ill health and its causes, such divergences might be negligible.
Foreword
Authors: Horne John
Published: December 2015

In the Foreword to the last issue I gave an assurance that the proposed amendments to the Mental Health Act 1983 would be considered in ‘the next issue’. I am delighted that that assurance is being honoured within the following pages. Throughout, readers will encounter numerous reflections on, and considerations of, the contents of the Mental Health Bill 2006 published in November 2006.
Will the New Court of Protection Damage Your Mental Health?
Authors: Ashton Gordon
Published: December 2015

This article is based on a lecture delivered by Professor Ashton at the North East Mental Health Law Conference 2006. In it he addresses the challenges faced by the new Court of Protection in four specific areas: care delivery, discrimination, access to justice and human rights.
Re-considering the Mental Health Bill: The view of the Parliamentary Human Rights Committee
Authors: Hewitt David
Published: December 2015

The Mental Health Bill has been scrutinised by the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights (‘JCHR’). The JCHR decided to consider the Mental Health Bill because it raises “significant human rights issues”. This article takes a look at the details of the JCHR report.
The Mental Health Act 2007 – The Defeat of an Ideal
Authors: Daw Rowena
Published: December 2015

This short account of the history of the reform of the Mental Health Act covers the main issues that divided the participants in the process, and the flawed legacy that remains. It gives the background to central provisions of the 2007 Act as they were amended during the parliamentary process and reflects on some problems they raise. It does not consider the amendments to the Mental Capacity Act 2005 to cover so-called ‘Bournewood’ patients, although some implications of the different regimes will be mentioned.
Casenotes: Hello, Doli?… or is it Goodbye?
Authors: Wortley Natalie
Published: December 2015

Director of Public Prosecutions v P

Queen’s Bench Division (Administrative Court), 27 April 2007

[2007] EWHC 946 (Admin)
Proposed Reforms to Partial Defences and their Implications for Mentally Disordered Defendants
Authors: Bickle Andy
Published: December 2015

Partial defences are special defences only available in England & Wales to defendants charged with murder. They include provocation, diminished responsibility, infanticide and killing pursuant to a suicide pact. These are known as the ‘voluntary manslaughters’ where homicide with intent otherwise sufficient for murder (‘malice aforethought’) is reduced to manslaughter because of defined mitigating circumstances. Provocation and diminished responsibility have proved most problematic and will be the focus of this article. The mitigating factors arise from abnormal mental states, and psychiatric evidence has been at the centre of disputes regarding these defences. In this journal, Kerrigan set out recent problems that have developed with provocation in case law. The degree to which mental disorder can be considered when deciding the standard of behaviour required of the defendant who pleads ‘provocation’ has fluctuated markedly in recent years. Diminished responsibility, on the other hand, has aroused concern, inter alia, over its expansive use to cover a wide range of mental conditions, and the frequency with which expert psychiatrists comment on the ‘ultimate issue’ of whether all limbs of the test are met. Both problems might be said to arise from vague terms in the statutory definition that are incompatible with contemporary psychiatric practice.

Following the controversial case of R v Smith (Morgan James), which permitted mental disorder a much greater effect on provocation, the United Kingdom Government asked the Law Commission to consider and report on the law and practice of the partial defences provided for by the Homicide Act 1957. This progressed to investigation into wider homicide law and a process of consultation and review which has now passed to the Ministry of Justice. This paper will outline briefly the review process before considering in greater detail the current proposals for new definitions of provocation and diminished responsibility. The Commission would like these to exist within a radically re-structured law of homicide. The implications for mentally disordered defendants and therefore expert psychiatric opinion will be considered.
A snap-shot of ‘long-term’ section 17 use in South-West England
Authors: Jones Bob , Kinton Mat
Published: December 2015

The Mental Health Act Commission (MHAC) does not have a culture of visiting patients in the community, having a primary statutory duty of visiting detained patients in hospital, and no remit over patients placed under Guardianship or Supervised Discharge (s.25A). The MHAC’s statutory remit does, however, encompass patients who remain liable to be detained but are granted leave of absence from hospital, and will extend to patients who are subject to supervised community treatment upon the implementation of SCT powers in October 2008.

In an attempt to get a better understanding of patient and process issues that are likely when visiting community-based patients, the MHAC has been running some exploratory visits to detained patients on long-term section 17 leave. These visits have been carried out under the MHAC’s statutory remit. This is a brief account of one such exercise in the South-West of England.
Protecting the Suicidal Patient
Authors: Allen Neil
Published: December 2015

Savage v South Essex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust

[2007] EWCA Civ 1375
Legal Knowledge of Mental Health Professionals: Report of a National Survey
Authors: Peay Jill , Roberts Caroline , Eastman Nigel
Published: December 2015

This article presents findings from a national postal survey of knowledge of mental health law amongst psychiatrists, GPs, approved social workers and Mental Health Act Commissioners, conducted in England and Wales. The study was designed to assess (amongst other matters) the relative levels of legal knowledge between and within these professional groups. Data from 2022 respondents revealed considerable discrepancies in knowledge scores. Commissioners, approved psychiatrists and approved social workers achieved the highest scores, and non-approved GPs the lowest scores. Within-group differences, for doctors, were correlated with levels of day-to-day experience in using the Mental Health Act and, for approved social workers, with training. The article concludes that the advisability of maintaining the statutory role of GPs in its current form is questionable, given the preponderance of poorly performing GPs. Both use of the Act and training were important in sustaining practitioners’ legal knowledge.
The Legal Implications of the Administration of Placebo to Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Hewitt David
Published: December 2015

This paper concerns a practice that is sometimes encountered in the treatment of patients with mental illness: the use of placebo for purportedly therapeutic purposes. It will consider the lawfulness of that practice under domestic law, and suggest that previous attempts to perform such an analysis may be flawed. It will argue that existing statutory restrictions may apply to – and prohibit – therapeutic placebo administration, and will conclude with a brief analysis of the possible impact upon such administration of the Human Rights Act 1998.
A mística como crítica nas narrativas de mulheres medievais
Authors: Mariani Ceci Maria Costa Baptista , Amaral Maria José Caldeira do
Published: December 2015

O místico afirma a presença de Deus pela experiência que o alcança a partir de um processo de negação que possibilita a ele se libertar de todas as afirmações que pretendem enquadrar a Deus. Os textos místicos vão se constituir por narrativas de processos, caminhos, itinerários onde se fala do trabalho humano de busca desse Deus absolutamente transcendente que vindo a eles num encontro surpreendente, se revela muito maior do que seu pensamento é capaz de pensar e do que sua vontade é capaz de querer. Essa dialética que é fundamentalmente crítica - vai demonstrar a grande tradição mística que se desenvolve ao longo da história do cristianismo - faz ver o limite da condição humana e a impossibilidade que ela tem de abarcar o mistério inconcebível e “indisponível” que é Deus. Chama a atenção para a importância da humildade, virtude que é percebida como garantia de nobreza. Faz perceber que sem o reconhecimento da própria miséria não se abre espaço para a penetração de Deus. Essa crítica leva a uma grande liberdade e uma disposição livre ao amor. Entre os melhores testemunhos dessa vivência mística estão as narrativas de mulheres medievais, relatos apaixonados desse processo crítico de ascese para o encontro direto com Deus.Essa comunicação é um estudo, realizado através de metodologia bibliográfica e exploratória, sobre a potencialidade crítica da mística a partir das narrativas de mulheres medievais: Marguerite Porete e Mechthild de Magdeburg. Essas mulheres fazem parte do agrupamento espiritual das Beguinas. Movimento que se desenvolveu como alternativa de vida religiosa leiga na Renânia e Países Baixos. Marguerite Porete, mística e teóloga medieval, viveu entre a segunda metade do século XIII e início do século XIV. Procedente do Condado de Hainaut, cidade Valenciennes, região do Reno. A grande herança deixada por Marguerite Porete foi um livro, Le miroir de âmes simples e anéanties. Mechthild de Magdeburg, mística alemã, da Baixa Saxonia, nascida em 1210, entra na Beguinagem de Magdeburg em 1230. Desde criança é favorecida por revelações divinas e entre os anos 1250 e 1264, a conselho de seu diretor espiritual, escreve suas revelações, a obra que chega até nós com o seguinte título: Das fliebende Licht der Gottheit.
Tracer, Dissolved Organic Carbon, and Colloid Leaching from Erosion‐Affected Arable Hillslope Soils
Authors: Rieckh Helene , Gerke Horst H. , Glæsner Nadia , Kjaergaard Charlotte
Published: December 2015

Core Ideas

Pedogenetic processes are spatially related to the slope positions in arable soil landscapes.

The Regosol is affected by erosion‐induced CaCO3 and reduced organic C contents.

The leaching potential for colloids and DOC was reduced in the truncated Regosol soil.

Soil erosion modifies transport properties in the form of the effective dispersivity.

In a morainic arable soil landscape, tillage and water erosion created truncated soil profiles at exposed steep slope positions and colluvial soils in depressions. This study examined the effects of erosion‐induced pedogenetic dynamics on flow and transport properties, colloid mobilization, and dissolved organic C (DOC) leaching for an uneroded Luvisol (LV) at the plateau and a strongly eroded Regosol (RG) at the slope position. Unsaturated steady‐flow experiments were performed on intact soil columns (20‐cm diameter, 16–18 cm high) extracted from the Luvisol (Ap, E, and Bt horizons; three depths) and the Regosol (Ap and CBkl horizons; two depths) in three replicates. Together with a 3H2O tracer, the leaching of colloids and DOC and the electrical conductivity were determined in the percolate. Colloid concentration was obtained from turbidity data. Effective dispersion coefficients, Deff, were determined by fitting the convection–dispersion equation and the mobile–immobile transport model (program CXTFIT) to 3H2O breakthrough curves (BTCs). Values of Deff were lower for Luvisol (20.1 ± 0.3 cm2 d−1; mean ± standard deviation) than for Regosol columns (30.2 ± 12.6 cm2 d−1). The pore structure of the Regosol topsoil was influenced by incorporation of CaCO3 from glacial till. The plow pan in the Luvisol caused an increased heterogeneity in the BTCs. Differences in transport properties and leaching potentials for colloids (LV: 98 ± 9 mg L−1; RG: 15 ± 4 mg L−1) and DOC (LV: 13.7 ± 3.7 mg L−1; RG: 6.9 ± 1.1 mg L−1) suggested a gradual change in the solid‐phase composition and structure of these contrasting soils.
An investigation into the relationship between water quality volume (design storage volume) and stormwater wetland performance
Authors: Niu Siping , Park Kisoo , Cheng Jing , Kim Youngchul
Published: December 2015

An investigation on free water surface wetland, which has an area of 0.23 ha and is employed to control the non-point source pollution from a watershed of 7.4 ha, was carried out to examine how the WQvr (the ratio of stormwater inflow volume to water quality volume (WQv)) affects the wetland treatment performance. As stormwater went through the wetland, TSS (total suspended solids), TCOD (total chemical oxygen demand), TN (total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) were reduced by 85%, 57%, 6% and 68%, on average, respectively. Increase in the WQvr resulted in a decrease in the reduction efficiencies of TSS, TCOD and TP, but a slight increase in TN removal. WQv was identified as a useful parameter for the design of stormwater wetlands, as this volumetric design approach overcomes the variation in flow rate and pollutant concentrations with respect to time and rainfall conditions. However, the design goal of 80% TSS reduction was not accomplished as inflow water volume equal to designed WQv. On the other hand, it was found that TCOD and TP reduction could also be considered as wetland design goals together with TSS. However, TN reduction did not show any significant relationship with the WQv.
Use of a split-thickness soft palate hinged flap and bilateral buccal mucosal rotation flaps for one-stage repair of a bilateral hypoplastic soft palate in a dog
Authors: Mullins Ronan A. , Guerin Shane R. , Pratschke Kathryn M.
Published: December 2015

CASE DESCRIPTION A 14-week-old 8.5-kg (18.7-lb) sexually intact female Springer Spaniel was evaluated because of chronic rhinitis with bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge. The dog had a history since birth of sneezing and oronasal reflux of food and liquid.

CLINICAL FINDINGS Oral examination under anesthesia revealed a short, incompletely formed soft palate with bilateral clefts. A pseudouvula was not a prominent feature of the condition in this dog.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The dog underwent 1-stage reconstruction of the soft palate by means of a split-thickness soft palate hinged flap and bilateral buccal mucosal rotation flaps. Long-term follow-up obtained 3 years after surgery revealed the dog to be in good general health, with resolution of oronasal reflux; however, occasional episodes of mild sneezing and nasal discharge persisted. Oral examination under sedation revealed attenuation of the bilateral clefts; however, a normal soft palate length was not achieved.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE Compared with previously described techniques, this technique offered the possibility of 1-stage reconstruction of the soft palate in dogs, rather than having 2 staged procedures performed, and a robust tissue combination that was expected to be less prone to trauma. This technique may be particularly suitable for affected dogs where a pseudouvula is not a prominent feature and appears to be applicable to a variety of skull morphologies. Owners should be made aware that the absence of normal palatine muscle within the reconstructed palate may affect function, but even where normal function is not regained, a good quality of life with minimal clinical signs may be achieved.
Factorial Validity of the Korean Version of the Exercise Dependence Scale–Revised
Authors: Shin Kyulee , You Sukkyung
Published: December 2015

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the 21-item Exercise Dependence Scale–Revised (EDS–R). The EDS–R was designed to measure the multidimensional aspects of exercise dependence symptoms such as withdrawal, continuance, tolerance, lack of control, reductions, time, and intention. Although the EDS–R has demonstrated sound psychometric properties, it has only been validated in Western samples. Cross-cultural validations of the instrument may increase the knowledge of exercise dependence. Therefore, this study aimed to contribute to the file by investigating the validity and utility of the construct of the EDS–R, using a non-Western sample. 402 adult participants who were over 18 years of age and who reported exercising at least once a week were asked to complete the EDS–R. The results from factor analyses supported that the seven-factor model of exercise dependence symptoms showed an adequate fit for both men and women. The EDS–R scores differentiated between samples, with varying amounts of exercise; 15.4% of the sample was classified as being at risk for exercise dependence. In sum, the results indicated that the EDS–R is a psychometrically reliable assessment tool for exercise dependence symptoms in Korea.
Variation in the Frequency of Relationship Characters in the Dream Reports of Singles: A Survey of 15,657 Visitors to an Online Dating Website
Authors: Coutts Richard
Published: December 2015

Visitors to an online dating website voluntarily recorded their most recently re-called dream as part of a survey which also collected their relationship status and waking activities. The results showed that individuals who dated on the eve of sleeping and dreaming reported significantly higher frequencies of relationship dream characters than those who did not date beforehand. Furthermore, this difference increased as self-reported interest in entering a relationship decreased. Relationship status, sex, age, and whether participants were attracted to someone also affected the frequency and type of relationship characters in dream reports. These findings are discussed in the context of an extension to the continuity hypothesis of dreaming that describes human needs salient during wakefulness as driving dream content.
Demographic Profile and Extra Intestinal Manifestations of Ulcerative Colitis in Nepalese population: Study from TUTH a Tertiary Care Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Harsh Shaneel , Adhikari Ananya , Parazuli Parmatma , Pathak Rahul , Khadga Prem K , Sharma Sashi
Published: December 2015

Background and Aims: This study aims at determining the demographic profile and extra-intestinal manifestations of Ulcerative Colitis in the Nepalese patients treated in a tertiary referral centre.Methods: The study was conducted between February 1, 2014 and January 31, 2015 at the Department of Gastroenterology Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. The clinical and epidemiologic data from patients diagnosed to have Ulcerative Colitis were obtained and analysed.Results: During the study period, 60 patients were identified as having ulcerative colitis. Mean age at diagnosis was 34.6 years. The mean duration of illness at diagnosis was 3.7 years. Extra-intestinal manifestations (EIM) were seen in 16.6% of the patients. Sacroilitis was the most common EIM seen in11.6% followed by peripheral arthritis in 6.6% of the patients. Episcleritis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Erythema Nodosum were seen only in 1.6% each. At the time of presentation, 38.3% (n=23) had proctosigmoiditis , 50% (n=30) left sided colitis and pancolitis was seen in 11.7% (n=7).53.3% patients had mild disease, 38.3% and 8.3 % presented with moderate to severe disease respectively.Conclusion: Peak age of onset for UC in the study was third and fourth decade which was similar to the various studies from Asia and West. Musculoskeletal manifestation was the most common extra- intestinal manifestation of UC in Nepalese population. As Nepal is perhaps the most diverse country in terms of ethnicity, cultural variation, socio-economic status and health care facilities, a comprehensive nationwide data bank involving ethnicity and geographical variation is needed for a better definition of the disease characteristics.Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2015;04(01):1-5.
Nailfold capillaroscopic findings in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon: Preliminary report
Authors: Vaidya Binit , Bhochhibhoya Manisha
Published: December 2015

Back grounds and Aims: Microvascular involvement of nailfold often occurs in systemic rheumatic diseases, especially scleroderma and related conditions. Nailfold capillaroscopy is easily performed non-invasive, simple, repeatable, sensitive, safe and inexpensive method to examine nailfold architecture by microscope.The normal capillaries are thin, symmetrical and have hair-pin appearance. Anomalies include dilated capillary loops, dropouts, tortuosity, avascular area, arborifications, megacapillaries, infracts,thrombsis and haemorrhages. This study aims to see the morphological changes in microcirculation in nailfolds of patients with Raynaud’s, which can be helpful in predicting the presence of connective tissue disorder.Methods: It is an observational study conducted at National Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Kathmandu from 26th March 2014 to 30th March 2015. Nailfolds of 8 fingers of both hands in 105 patients were examined using a hand held microscope.Results: Of 105 patients, 91 patients (86.6%) had abnormal morphological changes while 14 (13.4%) had no significant changes in microvessels. Normal patients had no underlying connective tissue disease(CTD) but those with abnormal findings had proven underlying CTD which included Lupus 6.5%, Scleroderma 17.5%, Rheumatoid Arthritis 14.2%, Mixed CTD7.6%, Undifferentiated CTD1.0%, Undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis 14.2%, Psorasis 1.0%, Rheumatoid Arthritis with scleroderma overlap 4.3%. No primary diagnosis was found in 32.9% of patients.Conclusion: Nailfold capillaroscopy allows direct examination of microvascular structure of a patient. Abnormal findings in a patient with Raynaud’s phenomenon might help to identify the presence of or future evolution into systemic connective tissue disorder.Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2015;04(01):13-15
Mode Choice for School Trips
Authors: Ermagun Alireza , Rashidi Taha Hossein , Lari Zahra Ansari
Published: December 2015

Over the past decade, policy makers and researchers in various disciplines have increasingly focused on school trip behavior. Active transportation modes have been promoted to students to improve their health and help mitigate traffic congestion and air pollution in urban areas. Policies that advocate greater use of active transport modes should account for child safety, which has been shown to be parents' primary concern. This paper focuses on the reciprocal impact between mode choice and escorting decisions for school trips. Decisions on escorting and modes of transport were modeled jointly through use of a data-mining method, a random forest method, and an econometric (nested logit) approach. The nested logit model has the advantage of allowing interpretation of independent variables; the random forest method provides a close fit to the data. Results show that the prediction potential of the random forest model is around twice as high as that of the nested logit model. To predict the probability of choosing the walking mode, for instance, a policy maker might underestimate results by about 40% if using the nested logit model. Results also demonstrate that independent consideration of these two decisions can result in a misleading assessment of policies.
A preliminary study of the clinical application of optic pathway diffusion tensor tractography in suprasellar tumor surgery: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative assessment
Authors: Hajiabadi Mohamadreza , Samii Madjid , Fahlbusch Rudolf
Published: December 2015

OBJECT

Visual impairments are the most common objective manifestations of suprasellar lesions. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a noninvasive MRI modality that depicts the subcortical white matter tracts in vivo. In this study the authors tested the value of visual pathway tractography in comparison with visual field and visual acuity analyses.

METHODS

This prospective study consisted of 25 patients with progressive visual impairment due to suprasellar mass lesions and 6 control patients with normal vision without such lesions. Visual acuity, visual field, and the optic fundus were examined preoperatively and repeated 1 week and 3 months after surgery. Visual pathway DTI tractography was performed preoperatively, intraoperatively immediately after tumor resection, and 1 week and 3 months after surgery.

RESULTS

In the control group, pre- and postoperative visual status were normal and visual pathway tractography revealed fibers crossing the optic chiasm without any alteration. In patients with suprasellar lesions, vision improved in 24 of 25. The mean distance between optic tracts in tractography decreased after tumor resection and detectable fibers crossing the optic chiasm increased from 12% preoperatively to 72% postoperatively 3 months after tumor resection, and undetectable fibers crossing the optic chiasm decreased from 88% preoperatively to 27% postoperatively 3 months after tumor resection. Visual improvement after tumor removal 1 week and 3 months after surgery was significantly correlated with the distance between optic tracts in intraoperative tractography (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Visual pathway DTI tractography appears to be a promising adjunct to the standard clinical and paraclinical visual examinations in patients with suprasellar mass lesions. The intraoperative findings, in particular the distance between optic tract fibers, can predict visual outcome after tumor resection. Furthermore, postoperative application of this technique may be useful in following anterior optic pathway recovery.
Re-treatment rates after treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device alone versus Pipeline and coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms: a single-center experience
Authors: Park Min S. , Nanaszko Michael , Sanborn Matthew R. , Moon Karam , Albuquerque Felipe C. , McDougall Cameron G.
Published: December 2015

OBJECT

The optimal strategy for use of the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED, ev3 Neurovascular) has not been clearly defined. The authors examined re-treatment rates after treatment with PED alone versus PED and adjunctive coil embolization (PED/coil).

METHODS

The authors retrospectively examined cerebral aneurysms treated with the PED from May 2011 to March 2014. Overall, 133 patients (25 men, 108 women; mean age 60.4 years, range 23–85 years) were treated for 140 aneurysms (mean size 11.8 ± 8.3 mm) requiring 224 PEDs (mean 1.7 PEDs per patient). Sixty-eight patients (13 men, 55 women) were treated with PED alone for 73 aneurysms (mean size 10.6 ± 9.2 mm) and 65 patients (12 men, 53 women) were treated with PED/coil for 67 aneurysms (mean size 12.8 ± 7.4 mm).

RESULTS

Eight aneurysms in 8 patients were re-treated in the PED-alone cohort versus only 1 aneurysm in 1 patient in the PED/coil cohort for re-treatment rates of 11.8% (8/68) and 1.5% (1/65), respectively (p = 0.03). Two patients in the PED-alone cohort were re-treated due to PED contraction, while the other 6 were re-treated for persistent filling of the aneurysms. The PED/coil patient experienced continued filling of a vertebrobasilar artery aneurysm. No aneurysms in either group ruptured after treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Adjunctive coil embolization during flow diversion with the PED resulted in a significantly lower re-treatment rate compared with PED alone, suggesting an added benefit with adjunctive coil embolization. This result may provide the basis for future evaluation with randomized, controlled trials.
Pseudotumor-like syndrome and cerebrospinal fluid leak in meningiomas involving the posterior third of the superior sagittal sinus: report of 4 cases
Authors: Shah Ashish H. , Ivan Michael E. , Komotar Ricardo J.
Published: December 2015

Meningiomas that partially or completely occlude the superior sagittal sinus may create a pseudotumor-like syndrome in certain patients. These patients may have impaired CSF absorption as a result of higher proximal venous pressure. Higher pressures after resection may encumber adequate wound healing and worsen symptoms. Here, the authors present a small series of patients with meningiomas involving the posterior third of the superior sagittal sinus, with documented high intracranial pressure prior to surgery. This paper aims to address the proposed etiology of high intracranial pressure in these patients and its associated complications, including CSF leak, wound dehiscence, pressure-related headaches, and visual complaints. In this paper, the authors propose a management plan to avoid wound complications and pseudotumor-related complications. When considering surgical intervention for patients with compromise of the posterior third of the superior sagittal sinus, careful attention must be paid to addressing potentially elevated intracranial pressure perioperatively.
Variability of air temperature over a debris-covered glacier in the Nepalese Himalaya
Authors: Steiner Jakob F. , Pellicciotti Francesca
Published: December 2015

Estimates of melt from debris-covered glaciers require distributed estimates of meteorological variables and air temperature in particular. Meteorological data are scarce for this environment, and spatial variability of temperature over debris is poorly understood. Based on multiple measurements of air and surface temperature from three ablation seasons (2012–14) we investigate the variability of temperature over Lirung Glacier, Nepal, in order to reveal how air temperature is affected by the debris cover and improve ways to extrapolate it. We investigate how much on-glacier temperature deviates from that predicted from a valley lapse rate (LR), analyse on-glacier LRs and test regression models of air temperature and surface temperature. Air temperature over the debris-covered glacier tongue is much higher than what a valley LR would prescribe, so an extrapolation from off-glacier stations is not applicable. An on-glacier LR is clearly defined at night, with strong correlation, but not during the day, when the warming debris disrupts the elevation control. An alternative to derive daytime air temperature is to use a relationship between air and surface temperature, as previously suggested. We find strong variability during daytime that should be accounted for if these regressions are used for temperature extrapolation.
New access control systems based on outsourced attribute-based encryption
Authors: Li Jin , Chen Xiaofeng , Li Jingwei , Jia Chunfu , Ma Jianfeng , Lou Wenjing
Published: December 2015

As cloud computing becomes prevalent, more and more sensitive data is being centralized into the cloud for sharing, which brings forth new challenges for outsourced data security and privacy. Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is a promising cryptographic primitive, which has been widely applied to design fine-grained access control system recently. However, ABE is criticized for its high scheme overhead as the computational cost grows with the complexity of the access formula. This disadvantage becomes more serious for mobile devices with constrained computing resources.

Aiming at tackling the challenge above, we present a generic and efficient solution to implement attribute-based access control system by introducing secure outsourcing techniques into ABE. More precisely, two cloud service providers (CSPs), namely key generation-cloud service provider (KG-CSP) and decryption-cloud service provider (D-CSP) are introduced to perform the outsourced key-issuing and decryption on behalf of attribute authority and users respectively. In order to outsource heavy computation to both CSPs without private information leakage, we formalize an underlying primitive called outsourced ABE (OABE) and propose several constructions with outsourced decryption and key-issuing. Finally, extensive experiment demonstrates that with the help of KG-CSP and D-CSP, efficient key-issuing and decryption are achieved in our constructions.
Probabilistic cost enforcement of security policies
Authors: Mallios Yannis , Bauer Lujo , Kaynar Dilsun , Martinelli Fabio , Morisset Charles
Published: December 2015

This paper presents a formal framework for run-time enforcement mechanisms, or monitors, based on probabilistic input/output automata [Task-structured probabilistic I/O automata, Technical Report MIT-CSAIL-TR-2006-060, 2006; Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, 2006, pp. 207–214], which allows for the modeling of complex and interactive systems. We associate with each trace of a monitored system (i.e., a monitor interposed between a system and an environment) a probability and a real number that represents the cost that the actions appearing on the trace incur on the monitored system. This allows us to calculate the probabilistic (expected) cost of the monitor and the monitored system, which we use to classify monitors, not only in the typical sense, as sound and transparent [ ACM Transactions on Information and System Security 12(3) (2009), 1–41], but also at a more fine-grained level, as cost-optimal or cost-efficient. We show how a cost-optimal monitor can be built using information about cost and the probabilistic future behavior of the system and the environment, showing how deeper knowledge of a system can lead to construction of more efficient security mechanisms.
Cognitive and Perceptual Deficits of Normobaric Hypoxia and the Time Course to Performance Recovery
Authors: Phillips Jeffrey B. , Hørning Dain , Funke Matthew E.
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: Many in-flight hypoxia-like incidents involve exposure to normobaric hypoxia following an oxygen delivery equipment failure. Studies have documented the effect of hypoxia on specific aspects of human performance. The goal of the present study was to establish the
effects of acute hypoxia on cognitive, psychomotor, and perceptual abilities and to chronicle the time required for these capabilities to fully recover to pre-exposure levels.METHODS: Subjects were presented with a battery of tests designed to assess visual acuity, contrast sensitivity,
color vision, executive control, and reaction time (simple reaction time, SRT, and choice reaction time, CRT) before, during, immediately following, 60 min, 120 min, and 24 h after hypoxic exposure. Oxygen saturation was continuously measured throughout the duration of the study using near-infrared
spectroscopy measured on the forehead and finger pulse oximetry.RESULTS: During the course of six assessment periods, contrast sensitivity, color vision, and subjective workload were affected to varying degrees during hypoxic exposure, but returned to baseline levels soon after
a return to normoxia. Conversely, reaction time values and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (MrSO2), while also affected during hypoxic exposure (MSRT = 362.17 ms, MCRT = 389.55 ms, MrSO2 = 79.36%), did not return to baseline levels
(MSRT = 337.35 ms, MCRT = 372.75 ms, MrSO2 = 99.75%) until the assessment period 24 h following exposure (MSRT = 324.35 ms, MCRT = 366.22 ms, MrSO2 = 99.10%).DISCUSSION: Evidence from this study
suggests an impairment of specific performance characteristics following hypoxic exposure – some for a considerable period of time. Mitigation efforts should focus more on the prevention of hypoxia exposure rather than relying exclusively on training operators to recognize and react
earlier to hypoxic symptomology.Phillips JB, Hørning D, Funke ME. Cognitive and perceptual deficits of normobaric hypoxia and the time course to performance recovery. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(4):357–365.
Hypobaric Hypoxia: Effects on Contrast Sensitivity in High Altitude Environments
Authors: Pescosolido Nicola , Barbato Andrea , Di Blasio Dario
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: Effects of hypobarism and hypoxia on visual performance and mainly on contrast sensitivity (CS) are well known. The purpose of this study was to compare the adjustments of corneal thickness in hypobaric hypoxia conditions with changes in contrast sensitivity.METHODS:
There were 12 healthy, emmetropic subjects assigned to the 14th Wing Aircrew based in Pratica di Mare AFB (Rome, Italy) who were evaluated for changes occurring in central corneal thickness (CCT), measured by portable ultrasonic pachymeter, and CS, assessed after reading the standard
Pelli-Robson charts, during modification of atmospheric pressure and, therefore, of oxygen partial pressure.RESULTS: Hypobaric hypoxia conditions in pilots raised CCT (550 μm to 600 μm) and reduced CS (1.95 log to 1.05 log) in a statistically significant result.DISCUSSION:
The study demonstrated that hypoxia and variations of atmospheric pressure may produce corneal edema, including changes of CCT and, correlatively, CS reduction.Pescosolido N, Barbato A, Di Blasio D. Hypobaric hypoxia: effects on contrast sensitivity in high altitude environments.
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(2):118–124.
Infrared Thermographic Analysis of Craniofacial Muscles in Military Pilots Affected by Bruxism
Authors: Baldini Alberto , Nota Alessandro , Cioffi Clementina , Ballanti Fabiana , Cozza Paola
Published: December 2015

INTRODUCTION: Due to the physical stresses to which they are subjected, military pilots may experience bruxism, an “oral parafunction.” Parafunction can cause masticatory muscle suffering and serious dental, periodontal, and temporomandibular joint damage. The aim
of this pilot study was to analyze the temperature distribution in masticatory and upper trapezius muscles in a sample of bruxist air force pilots, to evaluate whether an occlusal splint would be able to induce skin temperature variations in the stomatognathic apparatus using the technology
of infrared thermography.METHODS: A total of 11 male Italian Air Force pilots of high performance aircraft, ages from 27 to 40 yr (mean 34.91 ± 2.15 yr) with 1000–3000 flight hours, were enrolled in the study and analyzed using an infrared camera in order to evaluate
the temperature of the masticatory muscles. All the recordings were taken on each subject using the same protocol with and without a temporary occlusal splint.RESULTS: The occlusal splint statistically increased each muscle temperature (0.10–0.20°C) on both the sides of
the body. No statistically significant differences were found between the left and right muscles (asymmetries) before or after the wearing of the splint except for the anterior temporalis muscle. No significant improvement or variations in temperature symmetry of this muscle was found after
the application of the splint.DISCUSSION: The use of an occlusal splint could help in increasing muscles temperatures in Air Force pilots with consequent relaxation of their facial muscular system.Baldini A, Nota A, Cioffi C, Ballanti F, Cozza P. Infrared thermographic analysis
of craniofacial muscles in military pilots affected by bruxism. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(4):374–378.
Isolated Perivesicular Hematoma After Military Parachuting
Authors: Plackett Timothy P. , Lynn David C. , Zagol Bradley R. , Malone Bryan A. , Detro John F. , Seery Jason M. , Deveaux Peter G. , Sawyer Elizabeth M. , Ellison Richard W.
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: Isolated perivesicular hematomas are uncommonly described and not an injury typically reported in the literature after parachuting or skydiving.CASE REPORT: Herein, we described a series of three patients with isolated perivesicular hematomas sustained
after military parachuting. All three patients were managed nonoperatively after a somewhat prolonged hospital course. Despite the lack of orthopedic injuries, all required physical therapy consultation and required an assisting device to aide with ambulation at the time of discharge. For
all three individuals, follow-up imaging months after the injury demonstrated a continued presence of the hematoma. Clinically, the patients continued to have ambulatory and urological difficulties for several months after their injury.DISCUSSION: This injury pattern is uncommonly
reported in the literature. An appropriate index of suspicion must be maintained or there may be a delay in diagnosis. Management of these injuries requires coordinated care between the trauma service, urology, and physical therapy.Plackett TP, Lynn DC, Zagol BR, Malone BA, Detro JF, Seery
JM, Deveaux PG, Sawyer EM, Ellison RW. Isolated perivesicular hematoma after military parachuting. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(2):136–139.
Oxygen Requirement to Reverse Altitude-Induced Hypoxemia with Continuous Flow and Pulsed Dose Oxygen
Authors: Blakeman Thomas C. , Rodriquez Dario , Gerlach Travis W. , Dorlac Warren C. , Johannigman Jay A. , Branson Richard D.
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: Hypoxemia secondary to reduced barometric pressure is a complication of ascent to altitude. We designed a study to compare the reversal of hypobaric hypoxemia at 14,000 ft with continuous flow oxygen from a cylinder and pulsed dose oxygen from a portable concentrator.METHODS:
There were 30 healthy volunteers who were randomized to one of three study groups, placed in an altitude chamber, and ascended to 14,000 ft. There were 10 subjects in each study group. Subjects breathed room air for 10 min to induce hypoxemia. Oxygen was then delivered via a nasal cannula
from a cylinder at 1, 2, or 3 lpm of continuous flow for 10 min. The subjects again breathed room air at altitude for 10 min and were then placed on pulsed dose oxygen and titrated to obtain the continuous flow Spo2 equivalent. Spo2, Etco2,
RR, HR, Hgb, and tissue oxygenation (Sto2) were continuously recorded.RESULTS: The 1-lpm group's Spo2 range was 89–99%. The 2-lpm group's Spo2 range was 95–98%, and the 3-lpm group's Spo2
range was 95–99%. The 2-lpm and 3-lpm flows were able to correct hypoxemia in every subject. The mean pulsed dose required to achieve an equivalent Spo2 ranged from 36.8 ml ± 18.9 ml in the 1-lpm arm, and 102.4 ml ± 53.8 in the 3-lpm arm.CONCLUSIONS:
Portable oxygen concentrators using pulsed dose technology corrected hypoxemia in every subject. Oxygen concentrators may be an alternative to liquid oxygen or cylinders for use during aeromedical evacuation.Blakeman TC, Rodriquez D Jr, Gerlach TW, Dorlac WC, Johannigman JA, Branson RD.
Oxygen requirement to reverse altitude-induced hypoxemia with continuous flow and pulsed dose oxygen. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(4):351–356.
Managing Measurement Uncertainty in Building Acoustics
Authors: Scrosati Chiara , Scamoni Fabio
Published: December 2015

In general, uncertainties should preferably be determined following the principles laid down in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995). According to current knowledge, it seems impossible to formulate these models for the different quantities in building acoustics. Therefore, the concepts of repeatability and reproducibility are necessary to determine the uncertainty of building acoustics measurements. This study shows the uncertainty of field measurements of a lightweight wall, a heavyweight floor, a façade with a single glazing window and a façade with double glazing window that were analyzed by a Round Robin Test (RRT), conducted in a full-scale experimental building at ITC-CNR (Construction Technologies Institute of the National Research Council of Italy). The single number quantities and their uncertainties were evaluated in both narrow and enlarged range and it was shown that including or excluding the low frequencies leads to very significant differences, except in the case of the sound insulation of façades with single glazing window. The results obtained in these RRTs were compared with other results from literature, which confirm the increase of the uncertainty of single number quantities due to the low frequencies extension. Having stated the measurement uncertainty for a single measurement, in building acoustics, it is also very important to deal with sampling for the purposes of classification of buildings or building units. Therefore, this study also shows an application of the sampling included in the Italian Standard on the acoustic classification of building units on a serial type building consisting of 47 building units. It was found that the greatest variability is observed in the façade and it depends on both the great variability of window’s typologies and on workmanship. Finally, it is suggested how to manage the uncertainty in building acoustics, both for one single measurement and a campaign of measurements to determine the acoustic classification of buildings or building units.
UV-LED Curing Efficiency of Wood Coatings
Authors: Landry Véronic , Blanchet Pierre , Boivin Gabrielle , Bouffard Jean-François , Vlad Mirela
Published: December 2015

Ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) have attracted great interest in recent years. They can be used to polymerize coatings, such as those used for prefinished wood flooring. In this project, two lamps were compared for their suitability to be used on a wood flooring finishing line: a UV-microwave and a UV-LED lamp. Low heat emission was found for the UV-LED lamp compared to the UV-microwave one. This study also reveals that the 4 W/cm2 UV-LED lamp used is not powerful enough to cure UV high solids acrylate coatings while satisfactory results can be obtained for UV water-based formulations. In fact, conversion percentages were found to be low for the high solids coatings, leaving the coatings tacky. Higher conversion percentages were obtained for the UV water-based formulations. As a result, mass loss, hardness, and scratch resistance found for the samples cured by UV-LED were closed to the ones found for the samples cured using the UV microwave lamp.