bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOTIVATION AND IMAGE OF WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES IN THE NOVEL "SARASWATI SI GADIS DI SUNYI" BY A.A NAVIS: A STUDY OF LITERARY PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Neina Qurrota Ayu
Published: December 2023

The rise of acts of concern for women, especially those with disabilities, has resulted in a loss of enthusiasm and hope for women with disabilities who want to work and develop their capabilities. This study aimed to describe the analysis of the motivation and image of women with disabilities in the study of literary psychology. The object of this study was an academic work in the form of a novel entitled "Saraswati Si Gadis dalam Sunyi" by A. A. Navis. The approach used in this study was qualitative descriptive with a content analysis research design. The research instrument in this study was data from the authors' content analysis with the help of tables to facilitate analysis. The results of this study showed that there were 39 motivational elements and 29 images of women with disabilities. Through this study, it is hoped that the community can better appreciate the existence of women with disabilities and support their activities to improve their capabilities.
Literary Semiotic Studies in the Novel Ringin Kurung
Authors: Winarsih Winarsih , Endang Winasih  , Cahya Indah Apriliyana
Published: December 2023

This study aims to analyze and describe the semiotic system that refers to the elements of icons, indexes, and symbols in Pak Mett's novel Ringin Kurung. The novel is a Javanese language novel that has a romance genre. It is a novel that has prominent elements, both intrinsic and extrinsic. The novel is interesting to study because it has elements of signs and implied meanings. The problem of understanding meaning in a complex literary work full of language games and elements of the author's creativity is not easy. So, this kind of study is needed. Analyzing the novel is a novelty that has never been done before. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. To be able to describe and analyze text in the form of words or sentences. The qualitative in question places more emphasis on the element of meaning. The approach used is Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic theory. Literary semiotic theory interprets signs through icons, indexes, and signs. Sources of data from the novel Ringin Kurung by Pak Mett, journals, and books as references that support studies in research. The data collection technique is observation, namely observing and recording, followed by searching, reading, understanding, and concluding. The data analysis is thorough. From this research, it was found that there are signs in the form of icons, indexes, and symbols in Pak Mett's novel Ringin Kurung. There are icons, including plants (banyan trees), food (tempe and arem-arem), and places (square and hospital). The index is in the form of subordinate behaviour to the employer, polite behaviour index, firefly index, sultry index, and strategic index. As well as symbols, namely Ringin Kurung, vehicles (cars), goods (reclining chairs), blushing, fast breathing, and katresnan.
Dasar-Dasar Pendidikan Islam dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Al-Irsyadiyah Al-Irsyadiyah
Published: December 2023

Pendidikan Islam secara epistemologi mendasarkan dirinya pada paradigma tertentu dalam hal ini adalah Islam sebagai rujukan utama. Secara tradisional kata Islam berimplikasi pada dua hal yaitu al qur’an dan hadits. Kedua sumber inilah yang menjadi sumber epistemik dalam kontruksi pendidikan Islam. Tulisan ini telah memetakan sumber al qur’an dan hadits sebagai sumber otentik bagi keberlangsungan pendidikan Islam. Tulisan ini menggunakan analisis teks mengingat ayat dan hadits yang dijadikan justifikasi dalam menetapkan eksistensinya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan antara sistem pendidikan Islam dan Barat (sekuler). Jika sistem pendidikan Barat mendasarkan dirinya hanya pada kerangka rasionalitas, maka sistem pendidikan Islam mendasarkan dirinya pada Al qur‟an dan hadits.
Islamic education is the epistemological bases itself on a certain paradigm in this case is Islam as the main reference. Traditionally the word Islam implies two things: al quran and hadith. The second source is the primary source of epistemic in the construction of Islamic education. This paper has mapped the alQuran and Hadith as an authentic source for the sustainability of Islamic education. This article uses text analysis considering the verses and hadiths are used as justification in establishing its existence. The results showed that there was significant difference between the Islamic and western education system (secular). If the Western education system bases itself only in the framework of rationality, the Islamic educational system basing himself on al quran and hadith.
På vej mod en national selvforståelse
Authors: Bill Drude Terkildsen
Published: December 2023

Grænsedelingen i 1920 var den endelige kulmination på de nationale strømninger og brydninger, som havde raset i Slesvig  siden det nationale gennembrud i starten af det 19. århundrede. Alligevel var den nationale identifikation i Slesvig i 1920 stadig  mangfoldig og i høj grad selvstændig fra kongeriget. Folkeafstemningerne i 1920 skabte imidlertid et behov for simple  nationale billeder og budskaber, som befolkningen kunne forholde sig til og spejle sig i. Denne artikel undersøger de indre  budskaber i den danske agitation og hvordan den danske bevægelse under afstemningskampen konstruerede et nationalt  selvbillede. Artiklen påviser i den forbindelse, hvordan den nationale identitet historisk set og til stadighed formes og  konstrueres.
Kampen om Flensborg
Authors: Nissen Mogens Rostgaard
Published: December 2023

I de første uger efter folkeafstemningen 14. marts 1920 i afstemningszone 2, fandt en heftig opinionskamp sted i de rigsdanske aviser. Debatten drejede sig om Flensborg; skulle byen med til Danmark uanset afstemningsresultatet, skulle den forblive i Tyskland eller skulle den eventuelt internationaliseres og være under international kontrol. Argumenterne for eller imod var  ikke nye, men de blev fremstillet skarpere efter afstemningen havde fundet sted, end det var tilfældet inden 14. marts. I artiklen tages der afsæt i de holdninger, som præsenteres i de fire store rigsdanske aviser; de konservative Nationaltidende og Berlingske Tidende – som ønskede Flensborg med til Danmark – og Politiken og Social-Demokraten, der var imod.
Hvordan skaber man et nationalt mindretal?
Authors: Thomsen Merete Bo
Published: December 2023

I hundredåret for grænseafstemningen i 1920 er der talt og skrevet meget om de to nationale mindretal, som fremkom på hver  sin side af den ændrede grænse. Her tænkes som regel på de organiserede mindretal, som imidlertid først skulle etableres ud af  de lokale sindelagsmindretal. Hvordan denne organisering foregik, og hvordan de dansksindede reagerede herpå, er undersøgt i  en række mellemslesvigske landkommuner i perioden 1920-33 og er temaet for denne artikel.
Hans Majestæts Haderslevske Amtsfiskeri
Authors: Nielsen Henning
Published: December 2023

En nysgerrighed over for stednavnet ”Slusen”, som betegner indsøen Mindets udløb i Lillebælt ved Hejlsminde, fik forfatteren til at undersøge navnets oprindelse og baggrund. Studier af arkivmateriale viste, at ikke blot Hejlsminde, men også Bankel sø og Slivsø blev inddæmmet i slutningen af 1500-tallet og forsynet med tidevandssluser, som skulle omdanne de oprindeligt  saltvandede åbne fjorde til ferskvandssøer, med henblik på opdræt og fiskeri af ferskvandsfisk. Fiskeriet administreredes af amtsforvaltningen i Haderslev og indgik sammen med fiskeriet fra en mængde større og mindre søer i ”Hans Majestæts Haderslevske Amtsfiskeri”. Artiklen fokuserer på de tre indsøer, som udgjorde et dominerende element i fiskeriet.
The Year’s Work in Marlowe Studies: 2021
Authors: Lodine-Chaffey Jennifer Lillian
Published: December 2023

This is an overview of relevant scholarship on Marlowe's poetry and plays written in English during the year 2021.
Dido American Style: Teaching Rhetorical Tropes for Fun and Profit
Authors: Perrello Tony
Published: December 2023

Through this paper I aim to help show students, from whatever background they bring to class, how to read Marlowe through his use of particular figures and mannerisms of speech, and, equally as important, I want to foreground the thesis that learning the complexities of the gilded language of the Early Moderns can help students understand the rhetorical challenges they face today in the realms of politics, advertising, and daily concourse. I want to reintroduce to the discipline and introduce to the students at hand Marlowe’s brilliant rhetoric and the rich and complex figures of speech he uses. For students, having a grasp on Marlowe’s language facilitates their development as sharper decoders of our own linguistic productions here in America and beyond.
Three to one – an ethicolegal outline of mitochondrial donation in the South African context
Authors: Mahomed S
Published: December 2023

Mitochondrial donation or mitochondrial transfer enables a woman with mitochondrial disease to have a genetically related child without transmitting the disease to the child. The techniques used for mitochondrial donation or transfer which are maternal spindle transfer or pro-nuclei transfer, require three gametes to ultimately produce a healthy embryo. Both these techniques result in the child inheriting nuclear DNA from the intending parents and mitochondrial DNA from the female donor. Following the legalisation of mitochondrial donation in the UK, after a rigorous process of scientific and ethical review, and the birth of another baby using the technique, coupled with the fact that there is no cure for mitochondrial disease, suggests that it is prudent for us to consider this reproductive intervention and its application in the South African setting. In addition, the 2019 UNESCO Report of the International Bioethics Committee (IBC) on assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and parenthood, encourages debate on changes in models of parenthood influenced by ART including the emergence of new models of families and forms of parenthood that extend beyond the classical rule of mater semper certa est (the mother is always known). ART, in particular mitochondrial donation, challenges this rule. The aim of this paper is to provide an outline of the legal and ethical positions of mitochondrial donation and resume the discussion with specific focus on the South African context.
Kant als Metaphysiker. Überlegungen zu Kants Metaphysikkritik
Authors: Karásek Jindřich
Published: December 2023

Kant’s critique of metaphysics was not aimed at its whole destruction, but rather at its emendation. This becomes obvious, if we take into account Kant’s conception of the development of metaphysics which comes about in three steps. Kant named them as dogmatism, scepticism and criticism. It is not controversial to assume that criticism means Kant’s own position. If this is so, then one can also assume that Kant understood his own position as a third and last step in the development of metaphysics and therefore as a part of metaphysics. It is the aim of this essay to analyse this conception as it is presented in the Critique of Pure Reason and in the essay On the Progress of Metaphysics. There are first some prelimary remarks to make in order to explain the notion of development and its implications. Then in the second and third step an analysis is provided of this conception in the Critique of Pure Reason and in On the Progress of Metaphysics. In the last and fourth step the function of natural theology (theologia naturalis) is to be explained as it is found in the essay On the Progress of Metaphysics.
Einleitung und Präsentation von drei Kommentaren zu Reinhardt, K. Migration und Weltbürgerrecht
Authors: Stuart Amelie
Published: December 2023

This text presents three commentaries on Karoline Reinhardt's monograph Migration und Weltbürgerrecht (Freiburg 2019). In particular, the commentaries address questions of land ownership, the criterion of "destruction" and the justification of world citizenship.
Dieser Text stellt drei Kommentare zu Karoline Reinhardts Monographie Migration und Weltbürgerrecht (Freiburg 2019) vor. Die Kommentare greifen insbesondere Fragen zum Landeigentum, dem Kriterium des „Untergangs“ und der Begründung des Weltbürgerrechts auf.
Development of charge-discharge circuitry based on supercapacitor and its application to limiter probe diagnostics in EAST
Authors: Zhang Wen-Bo , Liu Shao-Cheng , Liao Liang , Wei Wen-Yin , Li Le-Tian , Wang Liang , Yan Ning , Qian Jin-Ping , Zang Qing ,   Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,   Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: December 2023

The EAST limiter probe is installed on the front surface of guard limiter, which consists of two columns and can operate in floating potential mode, ion saturation current mode, and swept single-probe mode simultaneously. When Langmuir probe operates in the ion saturation current mode, it requires a stable biasing voltage. To meet this requirement, a large capacitor is used to provide a biasing voltage for the probe. Comparing with the 9 V dry batteries that are commonly used in magnetic confinement fusion devices, employing a large capacitor offers advantages such as flexible voltage adjustment, easy maintenance, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, we have designed and tested a complete set of supercapacitor charge-discharge control circuitry. In this work, a control software is developed for the supercapacitor charge-discharge control circuitry based on the Python language to enable the remote and automatic controlling of the circuitry operation. As demonstrated in experiments, the capacitor charge-discharge control circuitry can supply stable biasing voltage output for the probe under long-pulse discharge, and it is workable in complex electromagnetic environment of magnetic confinement fusion device. By implementing the supercapacitor charge-discharge control circuitry in EAST limiter probe diagnostics, the three-dimensional distributions of plasma parameters are measured, such as ion saturation current, floating potential, electron temperature, and plasma density. In a lower hybrid wave (LHW) heating experiment, the 2.45 GHz LHW is found to generate larger electron density than the 4.6 GHz LHW, and the largest electron density appears when both the 2.45 GHz and 4.6 GHz LHWs are turned on simultaneously. These experimental results confirm that supercapacitor charge-discharge control circuitry can be operated reliably and stably.
A computational method for predicting the most likely evolutionary trajectories in the stepwise accumulation of resistance mutations
Authors: Eccleston Ruth Charlotte , Manko Emilia , Campino Susana , Clark Taane G , Furnham Nicholas
Published: December 2023

Pathogen evolution of drug resistance often occurs in a stepwise manner via the accumulation of multiple mutations that in combination have a non-additive impact on fitness, a phenomenon known as epistasis. The evolution of resistance via the accumulation of point mutations in the DHFR genes of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and Plasmodium vivax (Pv) has been studied extensively and multiple studies have shown epistatic interactions between these mutations determine the accessible evolutionary trajectories to highly resistant multiple mutations. Here, we simulated these evolutionary trajectories using a model of molecular evolution, parameterised using Rosetta Flex ddG predictions, where selection acts to reduce the target-drug binding affinity. We observe strong agreement with pathways determined using experimentally measured IC50 values of pyrimethamine binding, which suggests binding affinity is strongly predictive of resistance and epistasis in binding affinity strongly influences the order of fixation of resistance mutations. We also infer pathways directly from the frequency of mutations found in isolate data, and observe remarkable agreement with the most likely pathways predicted by our mechanistic model, as well as those determined experimentally. This suggests mutation frequency data can be used to intuitively infer evolutionary pathways, provided sufficient sampling of the population.
BrainPy, a flexible, integrative, efficient, and extensible framework for general-purpose brain dynamics programming
Authors: Wang Chaoming , Zhang Tianqiu , Chen Xiaoyu , He Sichao , Li Shangyang , Wu Si
Published: December 2023

Elucidating the intricate neural mechanisms underlying brain functions requires integrative brain dynamics modeling. To facilitate this process, it is crucial to develop a general-purpose programming framework that allows users to freely define neural models across multiple scales, efficiently simulate, train, and analyze model dynamics, and conveniently incorporate new modeling approaches. In response to this need, we present BrainPy. BrainPy leverages the advanced just-in-time (JIT) compilation capabilities of JAX and XLA to provide a powerful infrastructure tailored for brain dynamics programming. It offers an integrated platform for building, simulating, training, and analyzing brain dynamics models. Models defined in BrainPy can be JIT compiled into binary instructions for various devices, including Central Processing Unit, Graphics Processing Unit, and Tensor Processing Unit, which ensures high-running performance comparable to native C or CUDA. Additionally, BrainPy features an extensible architecture that allows for easy expansion of new infrastructure, utilities, and machine-learning approaches. This flexibility enables researchers to incorporate cutting-edge techniques and adapt the framework to their specific needs.
How accurately can one predict drug binding modes using AlphaFold models?
Authors: Karelina Masha , Noh Joseph J , Dror Ron O
Published: December 2023

Computational prediction of protein structure has been pursued intensely for decades, motivated largely by the goal of using structural models for drug discovery. Recently developed machine-learning methods such as AlphaFold 2 (AF2) have dramatically improved protein structure prediction, with reported accuracy approaching that of experimentally determined structures. To what extent do these advances translate to an ability to predict more accurately how drugs and drug candidates bind to their target proteins? Here, we carefully examine the utility of AF2 protein structure models for predicting binding poses of drug-like molecules at the largest class of drug targets, the G-protein-coupled receptors. We find that AF2 models capture binding pocket structures much more accurately than traditional homology models, with errors nearly as small as differences between structures of the same protein determined experimentally with different ligands bound. Strikingly, however, the accuracy of ligand-binding poses predicted by computational docking to AF2 models is not significantly higher than when docking to traditional homology models and is much lower than when docking to structures determined experimentally without these ligands bound. These results have important implications for all those who might use predicted protein structures for drug discovery.
Language experience shapes predictive coding of rhythmic sound sequences
Authors: Morucci Piermatteo , Nara Sanjeev , Lizarazu Mikel , Martin Clara , Molinaro Nicola
Published: December 2023

Perceptual systems heavily rely on prior knowledge and predictions to make sense of the environment. Predictions can originate from multiple sources of information, including contextual short-term priors, based on isolated temporal situations, and context-independent long-term priors, arising from extended exposure to statistical regularities. While the effects of short-term predictions on auditory perception have been well-documented, how long-term predictions shape early auditory processing is poorly understood. To address this, we recorded magnetoencephalography data from native speakers of two languages with different word orders (Spanish: functor-initial vs Basque: functor-final) listening to simple sequences of binary sounds alternating in duration with occasional omissions. We hypothesized that, together with contextual transition probabilities, the auditory system uses the characteristic prosodic cues (duration) associated with the native language’s word order as an internal model to generate long-term predictions about incoming non-linguistic sounds. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that the amplitude of the mismatch negativity elicited by sound omissions varied orthogonally depending on the speaker’s linguistic background and was most pronounced in the left auditory cortex. Importantly, listening to binary sounds alternating in pitch instead of duration did not yield group differences, confirming that the above results were driven by the hypothesized long-term ‘duration’ prior. These findings show that experience with a given language can shape a fundamental aspect of human perception – the neural processing of rhythmic sounds – and provides direct evidence for a long-term predictive coding system in the auditory cortex that uses auditory schemes learned over a lifetime to process incoming sound sequences.
Language experience shapes predictive coding of rhythmic sound sequences
Authors: Morucci Piermatteo , Nara Sanjeev , Lizarazu Mikel , Martin Clara , Molinaro Nicola
Published: December 2023

Perceptual systems heavily rely on prior knowledge and predictions to make sense of the environment. Predictions can originate from multiple sources of information, including contextual short-term priors, based on isolated temporal situations, and contextindependent long-term priors, arising from extended exposure to statistical regularities. While the effects of short-term predictions on auditory perception have been welldocumented, how long-term predictions shape early auditory processing is poorly understood. To address this, we recorded magnetoencephalography data from native speakers of two languages with different word orders (Spanish: functor-initial versus Basque: functor-final) listening to simple sequences of binary sounds alternating in duration with occasional omissions. We hypothesized that, together with contextual transition probabilities, the auditory system uses the characteristic prosodic cues (duration) associated with the native language’s word order as an internal model to generate long-term predictions about incoming non-linguistic sounds. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that the amplitude of the mismatch negativity elicited by sound omissions varied orthogonally depending on the speaker’s linguistic background and was most pronounced in the left auditory cortex. Importantly, listening to binary sounds alternating in pitch instead of duration did not yield group differences, confirming that the above results were driven by the hypothesized long-term “duration” prior. These findings show that experience with a given language can shape a fundamental aspect of human perception - the neural processing of rhythmic sounds - and provides direct evidence for a long-term predictive coding system in the auditory cortex that uses auditory schemes learned over a lifetime to process incoming sound sequences.
Effects of neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiotherapy plus adebrelimab and chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Chen Guanglei , Gu Xi , Xue Jinqi , Zhang Xu , Yu Xiaopeng , Zhang Yu , Li Ailin , Zhao Yi , He Guijin , Tang Meiyue , Xing Fei , Yin Jianqiao , Bian Xiaobo , Han Ye , Cao Shuo , Liu Chao , Jiang Xiaofan , Zhang Keliang , Xia Yan , Li Huajun , Niu Nan , Liu Caigang ,   On behalf of the Northeastern Clinical Research Alliance of Oncology (NCRAO)
Published: December 2023

Background:

Emerging data have supported the immunostimulatory role of radiotherapy, which could exert a synergistic effect with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). With proven effective but suboptimal effect of ICI and chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we designed a pilot study to explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) plus adebrelimab and chemotherapy in TNBC patients.

Methods:

Treatment-naïve TNBC patients received two cycles of intravenous adebrelimab (20 mg/kg, every 3 weeks), and SBRT (24 Gy/3 f, every other day) started at the second cycle, then followed by six cycles of adebrelimab plus nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m² on days 1 and 8) and carboplatin (area under the curve 6 mg/mL per min on day 1) every 3 weeks. The surgery was performed within 3–5 weeks after the end of neoadjuvant therapy. Primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR, ypT0/is ypN0). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), residual cancer burden (RCB) 0-I, and safety.

Results:

13 patients were enrolled and received at least one dose of therapy. 10 (76.9%) patients completed SBRT and were included in efficacy analysis. 90% (9/10) of patients achieved pCR, both RCB 0-I and ORR reached 100% with three patients achieved complete remission. Adverse events (AEs) of all-grade and grade 3–4 occurred in 92.3% and 53.8%, respectively. One (7.7%) patient had treatment-related serious AEs. No radiation-related dermatitis or death occurred.

Conclusions:

Adding SBRT to adebrelimab and neoadjuvant chemotherapy led to a substantial proportion of pCR with acceptable toxicities, supporting further exploration of this combination in TNBC patients.

Funding:

None.

Clinical trial number:

NCT05132790.
"There’s No Place like Campus"
Authors: Bjornsen Ragnhild , Myklebø Sigrid , Olsson Maria I.T. , Tveita Thale
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the relationships between students’ psychosocial needs and their preferences for online vs. offline learning in a post-pandemic environment. A mixed-methods study was conducted at a higher education institution in Norway with 240 Bachelor students. Students in a post-covid learning environment value pedagogical forms of student-centered learning, through exploration and group reflection work. Second, students report a preference for limited amounts of online learning. Third, students express a significant need for social support, in the form of non-digital interaction with peers and teachers, and campus-based activities. Finally, while students prefer receiving feedback from peers in physical form, they are also positive toward receiving feedback in a digital form.
These findings indicate that higher education institutions should carefully evaluate the amount of digital teaching offered to students, as such choices influence how and to what degree students are able to socially interact with peers and teachers, and their sense of belonging. More research is needed to understand the challenges associated with psychosocial health and well-being among students, and how this relates to online/offline forms of learning.
Distribuição do atendimento aos clientes entre facilidades: mudança do projeto da cadeia de distribuição de uma empresa de refrigerantes
Authors: Rocha Moises dos Santos , Carvalho Rossane Cardoso , Marsaro Mônica Frank , Todaro Mauro Enrique Carozzo , Serra Anna Grazyelle Pereira
Published: December 2023

Produtos classificados como de conveniência dependem de distribuição ampla e de um número considerável de pontos-de-venda, porém esta decisão implica na elevação dos custos de distribuição. Diante disso, este estudo buscou propor uma metodologia para redistribuir o atendimento aos clientes entre as facilidades logísticas após a ampliação do número de centros de distribuição. Os passos da metodologia foram: distribuição do atendimento aos clientes utilizando o modelo das p-medianas adaptado com transbordo e um otimizador (Lp_solve versão 5.5.2.5); avaliação do potencial de disponibilização dos produtos utilizando um indicador de disponibilidade em conjunto com a utilização de gráficos tipo radar e mapas (construídos com a versão gratuita da ferramenta Google Looker Studio); análise do potencial de desempenho da rede de logística sob a luz do referencial teórico. A metodologia proposta foi aplicada em organização do setor de refrigerantes, que opera no estado do Maranhão. Os resultados mostram potencial melhoria no nível de serviço da organização com a redução da distância média entre as facilidades e os clientes em 53%. Foram idealizados cenários alterando o número de facilidades instaladas, onde foi observada a redução da distância entre as facilidades e os clientes com o aumento do número de facilidades. Assim, o modelo das p-medianas com transbordo mostrou-se útil na formatação do novo projeto da rede logística distribuindo as cidades-clientes entre as facilidades.
Variación espaciotemporal del fitoplancton nocivo en playas recreativas de Campeche, sureste del golfo de México
Authors: Poot-Delgado Carlos Antonio , Pérez-Morales Alfredo
Published: December 2023

Se monitorearon las aguas costeras de 6 playas recreativas en la costa de Campeche en el golfo de México de marzo a octubre de 2019. Los rangos de temperatura, salinidad y pH variaron según la temporada y probablemente estuvieron influenciados por la hidrografía local y la poca profundidad del área de estudio. Los taxones nocivos identificados en este estudio incluyeron 3 especies de diatomeas, 5 dinoflagelados y 2 cianobacterias, con abundancias que oscilaron entre 102 y 105 cél·L–1. Dentro de la comunidad de fitoplancton, los fitoflagelados (nanofitoplancton <20 μm) exhibieron una abundancia máxima de 1.6 × 106 cél·L–1 en Boca del Río en Champotón. El microfitoplancton (>20 μm), incluidas diatomeas, dinoflagelados y cianobacterias, fue un componente secundario con densidades que oscilaron entre 103 y 106 cél·L–1. El dinoflagelado Pyrodinium bahamense, identificado como tóxico para los humanos en la costa de Campeche, mostró una abundancia máxima de 2.0 × 105 cel·L–1 en mayo en Boca del Río. La diatomea tóxica Pseudo-nitzschia exhibió una abundancia máxima de 105 cél·L–1 en Payucan en mayo. Los géneros de cianobacterias Anabaena y Trichodesmium exhibieron abundancias que oscilaron entre 102 y 104 cél·L–1. En todas las estaciones y meses se presentaron fitoplancton y cianobacterias potencialmente dañinos, lo que indica que es necesario un monitoreo continuo para evaluar la calidad de las playas y garantizar la seguridad de las playas recreativas.
Effects of Participatory Teaching Methods on Students’ Learning of Mathematics and Biology Subjects in Tanzania
Authors: Michael Muhangwa, Godfrey
Published: December 2023

This paper originates from a study on the effects of interactive teaching methods on students' learning of mathematics and biology at Tanzania's ordinary level secondary schools in Mwanza region. The qualitative technique was used in conjunction with the quantitative data. The 111 participants were chosen using simple random selection and selective sampling methods. In addition, the study collected data via surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, and documentary reviews. In contrast to the content analysis that was performed on the qualitative data, the quantitative data were manually evaluated and shown as frequencies, percentages, and tables. The research revealed that students had a positive attitude toward participative teaching methods and a desire to learn. According to studies, students' comprehension of math and biology at a basic level can be improved by adopting participatory teaching methods supported by suitable T/L materials and qualified teachers.
Selenoprotein-p as Biomarker of Selenium Status in Obese Children and Adolescents
Authors: Mahmoud Kholoud Gamal , Elshafiey Rasha Mohamed Gamal , Elsharaby Radwa Mahmoud , Elbarky Amany Mahmoud
Published: December 2023

Background: The child and adolescent obesity have become a major public health problem. Selenoprotien p1 (SEPP1)   is widely acknowledged to be among the most delicate functional indicators of Se status and it plays a role in the metabolism of Se and in anti-oxidative defense. So, we aimed to assess Selenoprotein-p level in obese children and adolescents.

Methods: This cross-sectional comparative work included 60 children: 30 obese children and the control group consisted of 30 children who were healthy and matched in terms of gender and age. A comprehensive taking of history and clinical assessment with anthropometric measurements were conducted on all children and adolescents. Basic investigations and serum selenoprotien-p1 level were performed.

Results: Serum selenoprotien-p1 (SEPP1) levels were substantially decreased in obese children contrasted to controls.

Conclusions: Selenoprotien p1 levels were substantially decreased in obese children and adolescent. Selenoprotien p1 could be a sensitive functional biomarker of selenium status.
Antidiabetic Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Trachyspermum ammi in Rodents
Authors: Raju M. Ganga , Priya G. Shanthi , NVL Suvarchala Reddy V.  , Edunoori Keerthana
Published: December 2023

Background: The annual and aromatic plant known as Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague belongs to the family Apiaceae. The in vivo antidiabetic efficacy of crude extract extracted from Trachyspermum ammi leaves was assessed in the current study.

Study Design: This study engaged in vivo studies to investigate the antidiabetic activity using oral glucose tolerance test and Streptozotcin nicotinamide induced diabetes models and Histopathological studies of pancreas.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Methods: Maceration technique was used to extract META and preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed. Acute toxicity study was done in the swiss albino mice and from acute toxicity studies 2000 mg/kg bd.wt., was found to be safe.  The extract was screened for antidiabetic activity using oral glucose tolerance test and Streptozotcin nicotinamide induced diabetes models. The results of antidiabetic activity of META by OGTT and STZ-NIC induced diabetes model showed that the META has significant antidiabetic activity.

Conclusion: The results of this investigation suggest that Trachyspermum ammi leaf extract has considerable antidiabetic effects. Moreover, need further work to elucidate the mechanism of action.
An Overview of Precision Farming
Authors: Rimpika  , Anushi  , Manasa S. , Anusha K. N.  , Sharma Sakshi , Thakur Abhishek , Shilpa  , Sood Ankita
Published: December 2023

With respect to conventional farming precision agriculture increases average yields by limiting the wastage by calculating the exact required quantities of inputs. One major issue in India is the relatively small and scattered landholdings. In India 58% of the cultivable land is less than 1ha under single owner. The agricultural production system is the result of a complex interplay between seed, soil, water, and agrochemicals (including fertilizers). As a result, judicious control of all inputs is critical for the long-term viability of such a complex system. Precision agriculture is the use of technology and techniques to control the geographical and temporal variability associated with all aspects of agricultural production to improve output and environmental quality. Precision agricultural success is dependent on an accurate assessment of variability, its management, and evaluation in the space-time continuum of crop production. Precision agriculture's agronomic performance has been highly impressive in sugar beet, sugarcane, tea, and coffee crops. Due to lack of knowledge of space-time continuum the economic benefits environmental and social advantages are not explored yet. Precision agriculture is a relatively new field that integrates cutting-edge geographic technology with farming scenarios to optimize inputs, eliminate waste, and maximize returns. Precision farming systems are intended for use in many sorts of agricultural systems, ranging from row crops to dairy, and the technology has experienced extensive acceptance in the United States and across the globe.
Satisfaction and self-confidence with realistic simulation as an active teaching-learning method / Satisfação e autoconfiança com a simulação realística como método ativo de ensino aprendizagem
Authors: Silva Felipe Bueno da , Vitalino Isabelle Caetano , Nardon Larissa Amanda , Souza Márcia Thaís de , Filho Antonio Francisco Peripato , Pergola-Marconato Aline Maino
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: analisar a satisfação e autoconfiança dos estudantes em cenário clínico de simulação realística. Método: estudo quase experimental e quantitativo. Foram aplicados questionário sociodemográfico, pré-teste e pós-teste de conhecimento, checklist de verificação do cenário e escala de satisfação e autoconfiança. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob parecer nº 05290\2021. Resultados: amostra composta por 53 estudantes da 4ª série de Enfermagem de um Centro Universitário de Araras/SP no ano de 2021. A maioria não possuía formação prévia, porém todos apresentaram mais acertos no pós-teste. Todos consideraram os métodos de ensino utilizados na simulação úteis e eficazes, 94,3% entenderam que a forma como o docente ensinou foi adequada para a obtenção de conhecimentos, 64,1% estão mais confiantes em dominar o conteúdo. Conclusão: a combinação de metodologias ativas e simulação realística resultou em um aumento no conhecimento e autoconfiança dos estudantes para a formação de profissionais capacitados.
Genetic variation among populations in parental exclusion of heterospecific larvae in burying beetles
Authors: Takata Mamoru , Matsuo Yuki
Published: January 2025

The family is the smallest unit of society, where parents invest significant time and resources in their offspring, providing parental care through defense and feeding. These parental investments, which benefit the offspring by increasing their survival rates and growth, are constantly at risk of exploitation by both conspecifics and heterospecifics. As a result, parents are known to employ various mechanisms that prevent the inclusion of unrelated young in the family unit. In this study, we investigated burying beetle Nicrophorus quadripunctatus, which exhibits elaborate parental care, and found that the rate of exclusion of heterospecific larvae varies genetically across different populations. Two populations were identified: one where competing congeners were present and one where they were absent. We bred individuals from these populations under laboratory conditions, isolated from competitors, and tested the exclusion rates of unrelated larvae. Our results revealed that parents from the population coexisting with competitors had a significantly higher exclusion rate of heterospecific larvae. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the populations regarding the exclusion of unrelated conspecific larvae. These findings suggest that the exclusion of heterospecific larvae is genetically higher in populations where competitors are present. This study represents an important step toward understanding the genetic basis underlying parental acceptance or rejection of unrelated young, offering new insights into the evolution of family life and parental care strategies.
Project‐Based Writing Instruction
Authors: Gilliland Betsy
Published: January 2025

In project‐based language learning (PBLL), students engage collaboratively to investigate meaningful questions and create real‐world products for their communities. In PBLL for second language writing, students analyze authentic texts and talk with users of the target language while developing their projects. Along the way, they learn language, content, and academic skills. Formative feedback comes from teachers and peers, and students learn to self‐assess their language development through reflection on learning.
Integrating Machine Learning and Characterization in Battery Research: Toward Cognitive Digital Twins with Physics and Knowledge
Authors: Hu Erhai , Choo Hong Han , Zhang Wei , Sumboja Afriyanti , Anggraningrum Ivandini T. , Syahrial Anne Zulfia , Zhu Qiang , Xu Jianwei , Loh Xian Jun , Pan Hongge , Chen Jian , Yan Qingyu
Published: January 2025

The rapid advancement of battery technology has driven the need for innovative approaches to enhance battery management systems. In response, the concept of a cognitive digital twin has been developed to serve as a sophisticated virtual model that dynamically simulates, predicts, and optimizes battery behavior. These models integrate real‐time data with in‐depth physical insights, offering a comprehensive solution for battery management. Fundamental to this development are advanced characterization techniques such as microscopy, spectroscopy, tomography, and electrochemical methods—that provide critical insights into the underlying physics of batteries. Additionally, machine learning (ML) extends beyond predictive analytics to enhance the analytical capabilities. By uncovering deep physical insights, ML significantly improving the accuracy, reliability, and interpretability of these techniques. This review explores how integrating ML with traditional battery characterization techniques bridges the gap between deep physical insights and data‐driven analysis. The synergy not only enhances precision and computational efficiency but also minimizes human intervention, thereby paving the way for more robust and transparent digital twin technologies in battery research.
Advances and Challenges in SnTe‐Based Thermoelectrics
Authors: Wang Lijun , Moshwan Raza , Yuan Ningyi , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Shi Xiao‐Lei
Published: January 2025

SnTe‐based thermoelectric materials have attracted significant attention for their exceptional performance in mid‐to‐high temperature ranges, positioning them as promising candidates for thermoelectric power generation. However, their efficiency is constrained by challenges related to electronic structure, defect chemistry, and phonon behavior. This review comprehensively summarizes advancements in SnTe thermoelectric materials and devices over the past five years, focusing on strategies to address these limitations. Key approaches include defect regulation, carrier transport optimization, and phonon engineering to enhance electrical conductivity, reduce thermal conductivity, and improve overall thermoelectric conversion efficiency. The review highlights breakthroughs in fabrication methods, doping and alloying, composite designs, and the development of novel nanostructures, with particular emphasis on 2D SnTe materials such as monolayers, bilayers, and thin films, which offer new opportunities for performance enhancement. Additionally, it provides an overview of SnTe‐based thermoelectric devices, covering fabrication techniques, performance optimization, stability, and flexible device development. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in developing n‐type SnTe materials, optimizing interfaces, ensuring long‐term stability, and maximizing conversion efficiency. This review fills gaps in the existing literature and offers valuable insights and guidance for future research aimed at improving thermoelectric properties, advancing device integration, and driving the commercial viability of SnTe‐based materials for practical applications.
Bioinspired Disordered Aerogel for Omnidirectional Terahertz Response
Authors: Wang Hui‐Ya , Hu Pengfei , Sun Xiao‐Bo , Hou Zhi‐Ling , Zhao Pei‐Yan , Zhou Lu , Yang Shu‐Hao , Geng Chunyan , Zhu Yaofeng , Wu Xiaojun , Wang Guang‐Sheng
Published: January 2025

The structural disorder of the black butterfly assists in capturing sunlight across a wider spectral and angular range, injecting infinite vitality for omnidirectional and stimuli‐responsive wave‐absorbing materials. Here, the disordered micro‐pores responding to terahertz (THz) waves through electromagnetic simulations, and then prepared via ice templating technology are analyzed and optimized. The customized disordered aerogel makes possible perfect terahertz response property with incidence‐angle‐insensitive and ultra‐broadband. Ti3C2Tx MXene/carboxymethyl cellulose aerogels realize excellent shielding effectiveness exceeding 70.32 dB and reflection loss of more than 43.02 dB over the frequency range of 0.3–1.5 THz. Tailoring the structural orientation of anisotropic aerogels functions as a versatile dynamic modulation approach along terahertz propagation direction. The porous structure with moderate conductivity gradually triggers the resonance effect of the cavity, approximating a resonance sphere (pore) and waveguide system (tube). Ultimately, gradient impedance aerogel is proposed integrating THz‐infrared stealth, hydrophobicity, and mechanical strength. This inspired biomimetic structural strategy will also enable various terahertz applications such as terahertz imaging, line‐of‐sight telecommunication, information encryption, and space exploration.
Polarization‐Dependent Color Modulation in Electrodeposited Cellulose Nanocrystals and Birefringent Multilayers
Authors: Fonseca Alexandre , Grey Paul , Mendes Bruno , Hamad Wadood Y. , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Pereira Luís , Gaspar Diana
Published: January 2025

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can self‐organize into a chiral nematic liquid crystal phase with a left‐handed helical arrangement, resulting in structurally intrinsic photonic properties in the dry state. These include iridescence and the selective reflection of left circular polarized light, where the wavelength is typically defined by the surface chemistry and charge of the CNCs before self‐assembly. This work demonstrates how passive and dynamic stimulation can modulate the reflected wavelength across the entire visible light range. While the former is achieved through ion exchange at the CNC surface and electrophoretic deposition, the latter can be achieved by combining CNC layers with a thin‐film heater. Further, the multilayer electrodeposited CNC films are combined with a birefringent polypropylene tape as a retardation plate to enable reflection of both left‐handed and right‐handed circularly polarized light (LCPL and RCPL, respectively). This architecture allows various colors in LCPL and RCPL channels to be obtained, depending on the number of layers and the initial photonic bandgap conditions of the CNC films, which will not be possible with regular self‐assembled CNC films. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of CNC multilayer birefringent structures to be applied in photonics, imaging, sensing, and information processing.
Redox‐Induced Stabilization of AMBRA1 by USP7 Promotes Intestinal Oxidative Stress and Colitis Through Antagonizing DUB3‐Mediated NRF2 Deubiquitination
Authors: Xu Weimin , Hua Zhebin , Wang Yaosheng , Tang Wenbo , Ge Wensong , Chen YingWei , Wang Zhongchuan , Gu Yubei , Liu Chen‐Ying , Du Peng
Published: January 2025

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with oxidative stress and redox signaling disruption. It is recently reported that proautophagic autophagy/beclin‐1 regulator 1 (AMBRA1) is a positive modulator of the NF‐κB pathway that promotes intestinal inflammation. However, its effect on intestinal redox state and whether AMBRA1 is regulated by oxidative stress remain unknown. In this study, it is found that AMBRA1 functions as a pro‐oxidative factor that increases oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the N‐terminal F1 domain is required for AMBRA1 to competitively interact with the N‐terminal domain of NRF2, thereby antagonizing the interaction between deubiquitinating protein 3 (DUB3) and NRF2, suppressing DUB3‐mediated NRF2 deubiquitination, and leading to NRF2 degradation. In response to H2O2 stimulation, the interaction between AMBRA1 and ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7) is enhanced, facilitating USP7 to deubiquitinate AMBRA1 at K83 and K86 and stabilize AMBRA1. Notably, the USP7 inhibitor, P5091, inhibits oxidative stress and colitis in vivo. Elevated AMBRA1 expression in inflamed colon tissues from ulcerative colitis patients is negatively correlated with decreased NRF2 protein levels. Overall, this study identifies AMBRA1 as a pro‐oxidative factor in IECs and provides a redox‐modulating therapeutic strategy for targeting USP7/AMBRA1 in IBD.