bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synovial cysts of the spine: long-term follow-up after surgical treatment of 141 cases in a single-center series and comprehensive literature review of 2900 degenerative spinal cysts
Authors: Bruder Markus , Cattani Adriano , Gessler Florian , Droste Christian , Setzer Matthias , Seifert Volker , Marquardt Gerhard
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE

Synovial cysts of the spine are rare lesions, predominantly arising in the lumbar region. Despite their generally benign behavior, they can cause severe symptoms due to compression of neural structures in the spinal canal. Treatment strategies are still a matter of discussion. The authors performed a single-center survey and literature search focusing on long-term results after minimally invasive surgery.

METHODS

A total of 141 consecutive patients treated for synovial cysts of the lumbar spine between 1997 and 2014 in the authors’ department were analyzed. Medical reports with regard to signs and symptoms, operative findings, complications, and short-term outcome were reviewed. Assessment of long-term outcome was performed with a standardized telephone questionnaire based on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Furthermore, patients were questioned about persisting pain, symptoms, and further operative procedures, if any. Subjective satisfaction was classified as excellent, good, fair, or poor based on the Macnab classification.

RESULTS

The approach most often used for synovial cyst treatment was partial hemilaminectomy in 70%; hemilaminectomy was necessary in 27%. At short-term follow-up, the presence of severe and moderate leg pain had decreased from 93% to 5%. The presence of low-back pain decreased from 90% to 5%. Rates of motor and sensory deficits were reduced from 40% to 14% and from 45% to 6%, respectively. The follow-up rate was 58%, and the mean follow-up period was 9.3 years. Both leg pain and low-back pain were still absent in 78%. Outcome based on the Macnab classification was excellent in 80%, good in 14%, fair in 1%, and poor in 5%. According to the ODI, 78% of patients had no or only minimal disability, 16% had moderate disability, and 6% had severe disability at the time of follow-up. In this cohort, 7% needed surgery due to cyst recurrence, and 9% required a delayed stabilization procedure after the initial operation.

CONCLUSIONS

Surgical treatment with resection of the cyst provides favorable results in outcome. Excellent or good outcome persisting for a long-term follow-up period can be achieved in the vast majority of cases. Complication rates are low despite an increased risk of dural injury. With facet-sparing techniques, the stability of the segment can be preserved, and resection of spinal synovial cysts does not necessarily require segmental fusion.
Influence of an intratumoral cyst on drug distribution by convection-enhanced delivery: case report
Authors: Ivasyk Iryna , Morgenstern Peter F. , Wembacher-Schroeder Eva , Souweidane Mark M.
Published: July 2017

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) uses positive pressure to induce convective flow of molecules and maximize drug distribution. Concerns have been raised about the effect of cystic structures on uniform drug distribution with CED. The authors describe the case of a patient with a diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) with a large cyst and examine its effect on drug distribution after CED with a radiolabeled antibody. The patient was treated according to protocol with CED of 124I-8H9 to the pons for nonprogressive DIPG after radiation therapy as part of a Phase I trial (clinical trial registration no. NCT01502917, clinicaltrials.gov). Care was taken to avoid the cystic cavity in the planned catheter track and target point. Co-infusion with Gd-DTPA was performed to assess drug distribution. Infusate distribution was examined by MRI immediately following infusion and analyzed using iPlan Flow software. Analysis of postinfusion MR images demonstrated convective distribution around the catheter tip and an elongated configuration of drug distribution, consistent with the superoinferior corticospinal fiber orientation in the brainstem. This indicates that the catheter was functioning and a pressure gradient was established. No infusate entry into the cystic region could be identified on T2-weighted FLAIR or T1-weighted images. The effects of ependymal and pial surfaces on drug delivery using CED in brainstem tumors remain controversial. Drug distribution is a critical component of effective application of CED to neurosurgical lesions. This case suggests that cyst cavities may not always behave as fluid “sinks” for drug distribution. The authors observed that infusate was not lost into the cyst cavity, suggesting that lesions with cystic components can be treated by CED without significant alterations to target and infusion planning.
Expander-based Atmospheric Water Harvesting in the Tropics
Authors: Subiantoro Alison
Published: July 2017

A novel concept of using an expander to harvest atmospheric water is explored. The main advantages of this concept are its compactness and simplicity. Mathematical models were developed in this project to study the concept. The benchmark system had a crank and piston radii of 5 cm, rod length of 20 cm, operational speed of 60 rev/min, atmospheric temperature of 30°C and relative humidity of 80%. The expander was designed to expand the air to 0.7 bar and 0°C at the end of the expansion process. Because of the expansion, around 11.5 g of water was condensed for every 1 kg of air expanded. Most of the expander power was consumed during expansion to overcome the pressure difference across the two sides of the piston. The average power per cycle was 3.374 W. Therefore, the ratio of energy consumed and condensed water volume produced is 117 kWh/m3.

The parametric study found that the ratio of energy and water volume was unaffected by the operational speed, increased linearly as the ambient air was hotter, decreased with ambient relative humidity and was unaffected by the expander size.
Irrigation Water Quality Based on Hydro Chemical Analysis of Ganga-Sone Divide Region of Bihar
Authors: Kumari Priti
Published: July 2017

The hydro chemical study reveals the quality of water and its suitability for agricultural purpose. Presence of excessive quantities of salts in groundwater is one of the major constrains in agro-well farming in Ganga-Sone Divide. Irrigation with poor quality waters may bring undesirable elements to the soil in excessive quantities affecting its fertility. Electrical conductivity (EC), sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) can be used as criteria for finding the suitability of irrigation waters. The objective of this study is to evaluate the suitability of the irrigation water quality of the Ganga-Sone divide region. Major cations, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and major anions, Cl, SO4, HCO3, CO3 were determined from 26 observation sites selected by CGWB located in Ganga-Sone divide region to assess the hazards of salinity, sodium and bicarbonate. Out of selected sites, based on EC, 46% of the wells have medium salinity water, 50% of the wells have high salinity water and 4% of the wells have very high salinity water. Based on percent of sodium, 69% of the wells have excellent irrigation water quality, 19% of the wells have good irrigation water quality, 4% of the wells have permissible irrigation water quality, 4% of the wells have doubtful irrigation water quality and 4% of the wells have unsuitable irrigation water quality. Based on SAR, almost all the wells have the good quality of irrigation water. Based on RSC, 100% of the wells have good irrigation water quality.
Data correlation based noise level estimation for cone beam projection data
Authors: Bai Ti , Yan Hao , Ouyang Luo , Staub David , Wang Jing , Jia Xun , Jiang Steve B. , Mou Xuanqin
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND:

In regularized iterative reconstruction algorithms, the selection of regularization parameter depends on the noise level of cone beam projection data.

OBJECTIVE:

Our aim is to propose an algorithm to estimate the noise level of cone beam projection data.

METHODS:

We first derived the data correlation of cone beam projection data in the Fourier domain, based on which, the signal and the noise were decoupled. Then the noise was extracted and averaged for estimation. An adaptive regularization parameter selection strategy was introduced based on the estimated noise level. Simulation and real data studies were conducted for performance validation.

RESULTS:

There exists an approximately zero-energy double-wedge area in the 3D Fourier domain of cone beam projection data. As for the noise level estimation results, the averaged relative errors of the proposed algorithm in the analytical/MC/spotlight-mode simulation experiments were 0.8%, 0.14% and 0.24%, respectively, and outperformed the homogeneous area based as well as the transformation based algorithms. Real studies indicated that the estimated noise levels were inversely proportional to the exposure levels, i.e., the slopes in the log-log plot were -1.0197 and -1.049 with respect to the short-scan and half-fan modes. The introduced regularization parameter selection strategy could deliver promising reconstructed image qualities.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on the data correlation of cone beam projection data in Fourier domain, the proposed algorithm could estimate the noise level of cone beam projection data accurately and robustly. The estimated noise level could be used to adaptively select the regularization parameter.
Can low-dose CT perfusion imaging accurately assess response of advanced gastric cancer with neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
Authors: Sun Zong-Qiong , Yan Gen , Ge Yu-Xi , Li Jie , Jin Lin-Fang , Xie Zhi-Hui , Zhao Peng
Published: July 2017

PURPOSE:

To explore the value of low-dose CT perfusion imaging (LDCTPI) technology and its perfusion parameters in assessing response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

METHODS:

Thirty patients with AGC were studied prospectively by LDCTPI to measure two parameters including blood flow (BF) and blood volume (BV) of tumor area before and after chemotherapy, respectively. All of the patients received two courses of NAC and surgical resection of gastric tumor within one week after chemotherapy, and then obtained the result of postoperative pathology response for chemotherapy. The comparisons of BF and BV values of AGC before and after chemotherapy were analyzed by paired-samples t-test, respectively; and the correlations between BF as well as BV decrease rates after NAC and the pathology response grade were analyzed by Spearman statistical test. Thirty patients were divided into effective and ineffective groups according to different pathology response grade. Comparisons of BF as well as BV decrease rates between effective and ineffective groups were analyzed by independent-samples t-test, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the cutoff values of BF and BV decrease rates as evaluation indicators of AGC after NAC and calculate area under the curve (AUC).

RESULTS:

There were significant differences in BF and BV values of AGC between before and after NAC ( p < 0.001), respectively, and there were obvious correlations between BF as well as BV decrease rates and pathology response grade ( r = 0.660, p < 0.001; r = 0.706, p < 0.001), respectively. There were also significant differences in BF and BV decrease rates of AGC between effective and ineffective groups ( P = 0.001), respectively. If BF decrease rate of 12.1% (AUC was 0.816, P = 0.005) was used as the cutoff value for chemotherapy effectiveness of AGC, the sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 84% were achieved, and if BV decrease rate of 32.8% (AUC was 0.844, P = 0.002) was used as the cutoff value for chemotherapy effectiveness of AGC, the sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 89% were achieved.

CONCLUSIONS:

BF and BV decrease rates have potential to be used as effective indicators to assess chemotherapy efficacy of AGC from the hemodynamics.
Experimental Study on the Physical Simulation of Water Invasion in Carbonate Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Fang Feifei , Shen Weijun , Gao Shusheng , Liu Huaxun , Wang Qingfu , Li Yang
Published: July 2017

Water invasion in carbonate gas reservoirs often results in excessive water production, which limits the economic life of gas wells. This is influenced by reservoir properties and production parameters, such as aquifer, fracture, permeability and production rate. In this study, seven full diameter core samples with dissolved pores and fractures were designed and an experimental system of water invasion in gas reservoirs with edge and bottom aquifers was established to simulate the process of water invasion. Then the effects of the related reservoir properties and production parameters were investigated. The results show that the edge and bottom aquifers supply the energy for gas reservoirs with dissolved pores, which delays the decline of bottom-hole pressure. The high water aquifer defers the decline of water invasion in the early stage while the big gas production rate accelerates water influx in gas reservoirs. The existence of fractures increases the discharge area of gas reservoirs and the small water influx can result in a substantial decline in recovery factor. With the increase of permeability, gas production rate has less influence on recovery factor. These results can provide insights into a better understanding of water invasion and the effects of reservoir properties and production parameters so as to optimize the production in carbonate gas reservoirs.
DeNOx Abatement Modelling over Sonically Prepared Copper USY and ZSM5 Structured Catalysts
Authors: Jodłowski Przemysław J. , Kuterasiński Łukasz , Jędrzejczyk Roman J. , Chlebda Damian , Gancarczyk Anna , Basąg Sylwia , Chmielarz Lucjan
Published: July 2017

Metallic supports play an important role as structured reactor internals. Due to their specific properties including enhanced heat and mass transport, high mechanical resistivity and elimination of local hot-spots, they are commonly used in gas exhaust abatement from stationary and automotive industries. In this study, the performance of three structured supports with deposited Cu/USY (Ultrastabilised Y—zeolite) for deNOx abatement were modelled. Based on kinetic and flow resistance experimental results, the one-dimensional (1D) model of structured reactor was developed. The performance of the structured reactors was compared by the length of the reactor necessary to achieve an arbitrary 90% NOx conversion. The performed simulations showed that the sonochemically prepared copper USY and ZSM-5 zeolites deposited on metallic supports may be successfully used as catalysts for deNOx process.
The Response of Soil CO2 Efflux to Water Limitation Is Not Merely a Climatic Issue: The Role of Substrate Availability
Authors: De Dato Giovanbattista , Lagomarsino Alessandra , Lellei-Kovacs Eszter , Liberati Dario , Abou Jaoudé Renée , Marabottini Rosita , Stazi Silvia Rita , Guidolotti Gabriele , Kovacs-Lang Edit , Kroel-Dulay György , De Angelis Paolo
Published: July 2017

Water availability, together with temperature, represents the most limiting abiotic factor regulating soil CO2 efflux (SR). Besides the direct effect of water limitation, drought also influences plant activity, determining changes in the quality and quantity of root exudates, thus indirectly affecting soil microbial activity. To determine how the seasonal changes of plant activity and soil microbial metabolism and structure affect SR response to drought, we investigated the correlation between leaf gas exchange, soil carbon pools and soil respiration sources and the role of soil carbon pools on microbial populations and soil respiration, in a summer deciduous Mediterranean (SDS) and a winter deciduous temperate (WDS) shrublands, experiencing a dry summer period. In both sites, drought reduced photosynthesis, but affected SR differently: in SDS, SR decreased, although microbial heterotrophic respiration (SRh) remained unchanged; in WDS, SR did not vary but SRh was reduced. While in SDS the microbial community was able to respire more complex substrates, in WDS it was strongly dependent on easily decomposable molecules, thus on plant activity. Therefore, the response of soil CO2 efflux to water limitation is not exclusively influenced by climate as it is modulated by the degree of adaptation of the microbial community to drought.
The Telomeric Complex and Metabolic Disease
Authors: Kirchner Henriette , Shaheen Fozia , Kalscheuer Hannes , Schmid Sebastian , Oster Henrik , Lehnert Hendrik
Published: July 2017

The attrition of telomeres is believed to be a key event not only in mammalian aging, but also in disturbed nutrient sensing, which could lead to numerous metabolic dysfunctions. The current debate focuses mainly on the question whether telomere shortening, e.g., as a heritable trait, may act as a cause or rather represents a consequence of such chronic diseases. This review discusses the damaging events that ultimately may lead or contribute to telomere shortening and can be associated with metabolic diseases.
Do Inequalities in Neighborhood Walkability Drive Disparities in Older Adults’ Outdoor Walking?
Authors: Zandieh Razieh , Flacke Johannes , Martinez Javier , Jones Phil , Van Maarseveen Martin
Published: July 2017

Older residents of high-deprivation areas walk less than those of low-deprivation areas. Previous research has shown that neighborhood built environment may support and encourage outdoor walking. The extent to which the built environment supports and encourages walking is called “walkability”. This study examines inequalities in neighborhood walkability in high- versus low-deprivation areas and their possible influences on disparities in older adults’ outdoor walking levels. For this purpose, it focuses on specific neighborhood built environment attributes (residential density, land-use mix and intensity, street connectivity, and retail density) relevant to neighborhood walkability. It applied a mixed-method approach, included 173 participants (≥65 years), and used a Geographic Information System (GIS) and walking interviews (with a sub-sample) to objectively and subjectively measure neighborhood built environment attributes. Outdoor walking levels were measured by using the Geographic Positioning System (GPS) technology. Data on personal characteristics was collected by completing a questionnaire. The results show that inequalities in certain land-use intensity (i.e., green spaces, recreation centers, schools and industries) in high- versus low-deprivation areas may influence disparities in older adults’ outdoor walking levels. Modifying neighborhood land use intensity may help to encourage outdoor walking in high-deprivation areas.
Automatic Room Segmentation of 3D Laser Data Using Morphological Processing
Authors: Jung Jaehoon , Stachniss Cyrill , Kim Changjae
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we introduce an automatic room segmentation approach based on morphological processing. The inputs are registered point-clouds obtained from either a static laser scanner or a mobile scanning system, without any required prior information or initial labeling satisfying specific conditions. The proposed segmentation method’s main concept, based on the assumption that each room is bound by vertical walls, is to project the 3D point cloud onto a 2D binary map and to close all openings (e.g., doorways) to other rooms. This is achieved by creating an initial segment map, skeletonizing the surrounding walls of each segment, and iteratively connecting the closest pixels between the skeletonized walls. By iterating this procedure for all initial segments, the algorithm produces a “watertight” floor map, on which each room can be segmented by a labeling process. Finally, the original 3D points are segmented according to their 2D locations as projected on the segment map. The novel features of our approach are: (1) its robustness against occlusions and clutter in point-cloud input; (2) high segmentation performance regardless of the number of rooms or architectural complexity; and (3) straight segmentation boundary generation, all of which were proved in experiments with various sets of real-world, synthetic, and publicly available data. Additionally, comparisons with the five popular existing methods through both qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Lateral Tension-Induced Penetration of Particles into a Liposome
Authors: Shigyou Kazuki , Nagai Ken , Hamada Tsutomu
Published: July 2017

It is important that we understand the mechanism of the penetration of particles into a living cell to achieve advances in bionanotechnology, such as for treatment, visualization within a cell, and genetic modification. Although there have been many studies on the application of functional particles to cells, the basic mechanism of penetration across a biological membrane is still poorly understood. Here we used a model membrane system to demonstrate that lateral membrane tension drives particle penetration across a lipid bilayer. After the application of osmotic pressure, fully wrapped particles on a liposome surface were found to enter the liposome. We discuss the mechanism of the tension-induced penetration in terms of narrow constriction of the membrane at the neck part. The present findings are expected to provide insight into the application of particles to biological systems.
Cuticular Waxes of Arabidopsis thaliana Shoots: Cell-Type-Specific Composition and Biosynthesis
Authors: Hegebarth Daniela , Jetter Reinhard
Published: July 2017

It is generally assumed that all plant epidermis cells are covered with cuticles, and the distinct surface geometries of pavement cells, guard cells, and trichomes imply functional differences and possibly different wax compositions. However, experiments probing cell-type-specific wax compositions and biosynthesis have been lacking until recently. This review summarizes new evidence showing that Arabidopsis trichomes have fewer wax compound classes than pavement cells, and higher amounts of especially long-chain hydrocarbons. The biosynthesis machinery generating this characteristic surface coating is discussed. Interestingly, wax compounds with similar, long hydrocarbon chains had been identified previously in some unrelated species, not all of them bearing trichomes.
Poly(3,3-dibenzyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine)/Platinum Composite Films as Potential Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chou Jung-Chuan , Huang Yu-Chi , Wu Tzi-Yi , Liao Yi-Hung , Lai Chih-Hsien , Chu Chia-Ming , Lin Yu-Jen
Published: July 2017

In this study, poly(3,3-dibenzyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine)/platinum composite films (PProDOT-Bz2/Pt) were used as counter electrodes (CEs) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The composite films were prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass by radio frequency (RF) sputtering to deposit platinum (Pt) for 30 s. Afterwards, PProDOT-Bz2 was deposited on the Pt–FTO glass via electrochemical polymerization. The electron transfer process of DSSCs was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The DSSCs with 0.05 C/cm2 PProDOT-Bz2-Pt composite films showed an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.70 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 7.27 mA/cm2, and a fill factor (F.F.) of 68.74%. This corresponded to a photovoltaic conversion efficiency (η) of 3.50% under a light intensity of 100 mW/cm2.
Mapping Typical Urban LULC from Landsat Imagery without Training Samples or Self-Defined Parameters
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Cuizhen , Zhong Cheng , Zhang Zhi , Liu Qingbin
Published: July 2017

Land use/land cover (LULC) change is one of the most important indicators in understanding the interactions between humans and the environment. Traditionally, when LULC maps are produced yearly, most existing remote-sensing methods have to collect ground reference data annually, as the classifiers have to be trained individually in each corresponding year. This study presented a novel strategy to map LULC classes without training samples or assigning parameters. First of all, several novel indices were carefully selected from the index pool, which were able to highlight certain LULC very well. Following this, a common unsupervised classifier was employed to extract the LULC from the associated index image without assigning thresholds. Finally, a supervised classification was implemented with samples automatically collected from the unsupervised classification outputs. Results illustrated that the proposed method could achieve satisfactory performance, reaching similar accuracies to traditional approaches. Findings of this study demonstrate that the proposed strategy is a simple and effective alternative to mapping urban LULC. With the proposed strategy, the budget and time required for remote-sensing data processing could be reduced dramatically.
Using LMDI to Analyze the Decoupling of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from China’s Heavy Industry
Authors: Boqiang Lin , Liu Kui
Published: July 2017

China is facing huge pressure on CO2 emissions reduction. The heavy industry accounts for over 60% of China’s total energy consumption, and thus leads to a large number of energy-related carbon emissions. This paper adopts the Log Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method based on the extended Kaya identity to explore the influencing factors of CO2 emissions from China’s heavy industry; we calculate the trend of decoupling by presenting a theoretical framework for decoupling. The results show that labor productivity, energy intensity, and industry scale are the main factors affecting CO2 emissions in the heavy industry. The improvement of labor productivity is the main cause of the increase in CO2 emissions, while the decline in energy intensity leads to CO2 emissions reduction, and the industry scale has different effects in different periods. Results from the decoupling analysis show that efforts made on carbon emission reduction, to a certain extent, achieved the desired outcome but still need to be strengthened.
Evaluation of the Agronomic Impacts on Yield-Scaled N2O Emission from Wheat and Maize Fields in China
Authors: Gao Wenling , Bian Xinmin
Published: July 2017

Contemporary crop production faces dual challenges of increasing crop yield while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emission. An integrated evaluation of the mitigation potential of yield-scaled nitrous oxide (N2O) emission by adjusting cropping practices can benefit the innovation of climate smart cropping. This study conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of cropping systems and soil management practices on area- and yield-scaled N2O emissions during wheat and maize growing seasons in China. Results showed that the yield-scaled N2O emissions of winter wheat-upland crops rotation and single spring maize systems were respectively 64.6% and 40.2% lower than that of winter wheat-rice and summer maize-upland crops rotation systems. Compared to conventional N fertilizer, application of nitrification inhibitors and controlled-release fertilizers significantly decreased yield-scaled N2O emission by 41.7% and 22.0%, respectively. Crop straw returning showed no significant impacts on area- and yield-scaled N2O emissions. The effect of manure on yield-scaled N2O emission highly depended on its application mode. No tillage significantly increased the yield-scaled N2O emission as compared to conventional tillage. The above findings demonstrate that there is great potential to increase wheat and maize yields with lower N2O emissions through innovative cropping technique in China.
Evaluation of Cyanea capillata Sting Management Protocols Using Ex Vivo and In Vitro Envenomation Models
Authors: Doyle Thomas , Headlam Jasmine , Wilcox Christie , MacLoughlin Eoin , Yanagihara Angel
Published: July 2017

Lion’s mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata) stings cause severe pain and can lead to dangerous systemic effects, including Irukandji-like syndrome. As is the case for most cnidarian stings, recommended medical protocols in response to such stings lack rigorous scientific support. In this study, we sought to evaluate potential first aid care protocols using previously described envenomation models that allow for direct measurements of venom activity. We found that seawater rinsing, the most commonly recommended method of tentacle removal for this species, induced significant increases in venom delivery, while rinsing with vinegar or Sting No More® Spray did not. Post-sting temperature treatments affected sting severity, with 40 min of hot-pack treatment reducing lysis of sheep’s blood (in agar plates), a direct representation of venom load, by over 90%. Ice pack treatment had no effect on sting severity. These results indicate that sting management protocols for Cyanea need to be revised immediately to discontinue rinsing with seawater and include the use of heat treatment.
Using Probable Maximum Precipitation to Bound the Disaggregation of Rainfall
Authors: McIntyre Neil , Bárdossy András
Published: July 2017

The Multiplicative Discrete Random Cascade (MDRC) class of model is used to temporally disaggregate rainfall volumes through multiplying the volumes by random weights, which is repeated through multiple disaggregation levels. The model development involves the identification of probability density functions from which to sample the weights. The parameters of the probability density functions are known to be dependent on the rainfall volume. This paper characterises the volume dependency over the scarcely observed extreme ranges of rainfall, introducing the concept of volume-bounded MDRC models. Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) estimates are used to define theoretically-based points and asymptotes to which the observation-based estimates of the MDRC model parameters are extrapolated. Alternative models are tested using a case study of rainfall data from Brisbane, Australia covering the period 1908 to 2015. The results show that moving from a baseline model with constant parameters to incorporating the volume dependency of the parameters is essential for acceptable performance in terms of the frequency and magnitude of modelled extremes. As well as providing better estimates of parameters at each disaggregation level, the volume dependency provides an in-built bias correction when moving from one level to the next. A further, relatively small performance gain is obtained by extrapolating the observed dependency to the theoretically-based bounds. The volume dependency of the parameters is found to be reasonably time-scaleable, providing opportunity for advances in the generalisation of MDRC models. Sensitivity analysis shows that the subjectivities and uncertainties in the modelling procedure have mixed effects on the performance. A principal uncertainty, to which the results are sensitive, is the PMP estimate. Therefore, in applications of the bounded approach, the PMP should ideally be described by a probability distribution function.
A Rare Case Of Graves’ Disease With Splenomegaly And Pancytopenia
Authors: Marcelino e Silva Elayne Christinne , Vieira Settings Ricardo Parente Garcia , Bessa Maria Misrelma Moura , Lima Joao Kennedy Teixeira , Marques Thyciara Fontenele
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Splenomegaly and pancytopenia are rare complications of Graves' disease with few reports in the literature about this association. The pathogenesis is unknown and immunological mechanisms seem to be involved. The possibility of hyperthyroidsm should always considered in patients with pancytopenia.

Objective: Describe  clinical case of association between Grave's disease, splenomegaly and pancytopenia.

Method: This is a case report, obtained through data from medical records of a reference hospital located in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceara, Brazil. Case report: Patient, 46 years old, female, sought treatment at a reference hospital with abdominal pain that started two days earlier, prevalent in mesogastric region and left hypochondrium very intense and recurrent, associated with significant consuptive syndrome ( loss of 10 Kg in 4 months), asthenia, dyspnea on minimum exertion, irritability and fine tremor in extremitie. SHe denied fever, palpitations, heat intolerance, skin ou eye changes. A diffuse thyroid enlargement with the presence of thrill and murmur, digital clubbing, fixed and bright look, light exophthalmos and splenomegaly about 6 cm below the left costal margin were abserved after physical examination. Ultrasound examination (USG) of the abdomen and CT scan showed moderate splenomegaly. Laboratory tests showed normocytic and normochromic anemia, leukocytosis and mild thrombocytopenia. Thyroid USG showed characteristic features of Graves' disease, a bone marrow biopsy revealed maturation preserved in all strains and lack of fibrosis and megakaryocytes present in normal number without atypia. treatment was set with propylthiouracil 300 mg a day and after the first revaluation after hospital discharge three weeks later a regression of splenomegaly has been observed.

Conclusion: This case ilustrates the rare association between hyperthyroidism and splenomegaly with pancytopenia.
A Catalog of Automatically Detected Ring Galaxy Candidates in PanSTARSS
Authors: Timmis Ian , Shamir Lior
Published: July 2017

We developed and applied a computer analysis method to detect ring galaxy candidates in the first data release of the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (PanSTARRS). The method works by applying a low-pass filter, followed by dynamic global thresholding, to search for closed regions in the binary mask of each galaxy image. Applying the method to ∼3 × 106 PanSTARRS galaxy images produced a catalog of 185 ring galaxy candidates based on their visual appearance.
The scientific project and editorial practices of the Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances
Authors: Board The Editorial
Published: July 2017

This article retraces the scientific and editorial project behind the Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances (RAC), launched in 2007, and in particular the convergence of multiple disciplines that promoted the founding of the journal. It then presents the editorial policy, practices and choices having fashioned it and whose procedures are no less important than its content and epistemic focus. These procedures concern reviewing work but also choice of media (online electronic access), article format, publication language, dissemination (open access to readers) and business model.
Multiplicidad de conocimiento y el temblor de las instituciones
Authors: Rabeharisoa Vololona
Published: July 2017

En los últimos años, el compromiso de las asociaciones de pacientes -y más ampliamente los grupos afectados por un problema relacionado con el conocimiento científico- en la producción de conocimiento se ha convertido en un tema clásico en las ciencias sociales. El conocimiento vivencial producido por estas asociaciones y estos grupos son un reto para las instituciones científicas. Este artículo ofrece algunas pistas que los investigadores interesados en la antropología del conocimiento podrían explorar para comprender cómo las instituciones científicas se vuelven (o no) sensibles a este conocimiento vivencial y a las transformaciones que el conocimiento podría implicar en la gestión de la investigación y la innovación.
Energía y archivo
Authors: Bowker Geoffrey C.
Published: July 2017

Este texto aborda las maneras de pensar la articulación entre el conocimiento que producimos y su origen social sin caer en un determinismo ingenuo. Los principales argumentos son que nuestros modos de descubrimiento y de enunciación del conocimiento son profundamente sociales: a través del papel que desempeñan tanto las formas de energía como las prácticas burocráticas.
Un amor no correspondido
Authors: Kreimer Pablo
Published: July 2017

La relación entre las ciencias sociales y los estudios sociales de ciencia y tecnología (CTS) dista de ser simple. Mientras que para algunos aún es un objeto de disputa la inclusión de los estudios CTS dentro de la amplia avenida de las ciencias sociales, otros han intentado interesar, seducir o discutir con los colegas de otras disciplinas del campo, para tender puentes entre ambos espacios disciplinarios. No obstante, hasta hoy la mayor parte de los académicos de las ciencias sociales conocen muy poco el desarrollo de los estudios CTS e, incluso, algunos los cuestionan –¡o atacan!– en forma directa. Intento en este artículo hacer una estado de la cuestión acerca estas relaciones, preguntándome por qué la sociología presta poca atención en sus explicaciones a los aportes de la sociología de la ciencia. Hacia el final avanzo algunas hipótesis que no pretenden explicar estas tensiones en forma acabada pero que puedan ofrecer, al menos, algunas pistas para su lectura.
Análisis retrospectivo de la producción de la Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances
Authors: Editorial El Comité
Published: July 2017

A partir del corpus de artículos publicados durante los diez años de la Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances, este artículo brinda un análisis retrospectivo tanto de los autores, como del tipo de artículos y del contenido de las citas presentes en los artículos. Este análisis permite comprender lo que el proyecto editorial ha generado en 10 años de publicación de la revista con respecto a su proyecto editorial inicial y su deseo de nutrir una ciencia abierta. Este análisis retrospectivo conduce a un balance sintético sobre la forma en que la Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances contribuye actualmente al panorama de la publicación científica.
La responsabilité incorporée
Authors: Pettit Philip , Urfalino Philippe
Published: July 2017

Résumé L’article soutient qu’un agent incorporé, tel qu’une entreprise, un parti politique, une église ou une université, peut être tenu pour un agent responsable. La section I identifie les conditions nécessaires pour qu’un agent puisse être tenu pour responsable. Les sections II à IV montrent que les agents incorporés satisfont souvent ces conditions. La section V soutient qu’il y a un sens à tenir responsable un groupe, parallèlement à la responsabilité des individus qui agissent en son nom. La conclusion propose une discussion des leçons que l’on peut tirer des sections précédentes pour les groupes non incorporés que sont les nations et les ensembles de coreligionnaires.
La réalité des groupes agents
Authors: Urfalino Philippe
Published: July 2017

Nos énoncés sur les affaires de notre monde comprennent souvent des termes collectifs, tels que l’État, le Club, l’Entreprise ou l’Association. Cet article porte sur les conditions requises pour accorder une réalité aux entités censées être les référents de ces termes collectifs. Il présente un examen critique de la théorie des groupes agents proposée par List et Pettit et une conception alternative des entités collectives. Il compare ensuite les réponses de ces approches opposées à deux des questions que toute théorie prêtant une réalité aux entités collectives doit traiter : la question de l’incorporation, c’est-à-dire la manière de concevoir la constitution de l’entité à partir de la pluralité de ses membres ; et la question de son mode d’existence.
Les familles dans la philosophie normative, entre groupes et individus
Authors: Calder Gideon , Bessone Magali
Published: July 2017

Les définitions de la famille incluent généralement le terme de « groupe » – et pour la plupart des individus, la famille représente une affiliation première. La famille occupe une place déterminante dans les analyses sociales et politiques ; pourtant, elle apparaît très peu dans les débats de théorie politique normative sur les groupes. Cet article se demande si les familles sont bien des groupes, au sens où les théoriciens politiques abordent les questions de groupe. L’argument se déploie en trois temps. Premièrement, je compare quatre perspectives générales : l’individualisme de la « Nouvelle Droite », l’égalitarisme libéral, le communautarisme et l’éthique du care. Dans les deux premières, la famille est traitée comme une sorte de «macroindividu » ; dans les deux secondes, elle est prise comme un «micro-groupe ». Deuxièmement, j’identifie trois menaces que la famille pose à la justice sociale – mais j’ajoute que n’importe quel groupe potentiel est susceptible de les poser. Enfin, je distingue deux manières différentes d’identifier des types de groupes, selon qu’ils sont, ou non, fondés sur des croyances partagées ou sur une culture commune. À partir de cette analyse, je suggère qu’il faut traiter la famille comme un micro-groupe ; les rôles particuliers qu’elle joue dans la vie des individus devraient être au coeur des débats plus larges qui portent sur les groupes et leurs implications politiques.
La déstabilisation épistémique des entités collectives : le cas des partis politiques
Authors: Ouzilou Olivier
Published: July 2017

Cet article analyse la déstabilisation épistémique dont peuvent être victimes un certain genre d’entités collectives. Ce phénomène désigne un type spécifique de limitation que peut subir un groupe dans sa capacité à élaborer et/ou à incarner une position collective d’une manière rationnelle et unifiée, limitation qui a pour effet la remise en cause de son aptitude à constituer un sujet épistémique crédible. Pour ce faire, je distingue tout d’abord différents genres de groupes. Puis, j’explicite la nature de la vie mentale dont sont capables les sujets pluriels finalisés. Je me focalise, ensuite, sur un certain type de sujets pluriels finalisés : les organisations politiques. Après avoir souligné l’intrication de leur identité épistémique et de leur identité sociale, j’introduis le concept de « déstabilisation épistémique ». J’analyse enfin, à travers une illustration, l’un des facteurs possibles d’une telle déstabilisation, à savoir la diffusion de thèmes transversaux dans le débat public, ainsi que ses effets sur l’entité déstabilisée.
La identificación del uso de fuentes secundarias de materiales líticos asistida por SIG: el Arroyo Chasicó (Argentina) como caso de estudio
Authors: Catella L. , Barrientos G. , Oliva F.
Published: July 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la metodología implementada en la cuenca del Arroyo Chasicó (sur de la Región Pampeana Argentina), orientada a discutir el uso diferencial de fuentes de materias primas líticas primarias y secundarias en relación con la organización espacial y tecnológica en sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras del Holoceno tardío. La metodología se basa en el análisis comparativo de curvas construidas con datos procedentes de transectos virtuales, trazados sobre modelos espaciales continuos representando diferentes propiedades de los “paisajes líticos” del área de estudio. Tales modelos se generaron por interpolación mediante la técnica denominada Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) a partir de información procedente de localizaciones puntuales (i.e. sitios y localidades arqueológicos; n = 12). Las materias primas investigadas fueron riolitas y dos variedades de cuarcita y las variables consideradas fueron frecuencia relativa y peso relativo, expresadas ambas en términos porcentuales (F% y P%, respectivamente) e índice de corteza (IC). Los resultados obtenidos indican que, para ambas variedades de cuarcitas, la explotación de fuentes secundarias —distribuidas a lo largo de la cuenca— fue mayor que la de las primarias, mientras que las riolitas fueron obtenidas, principalmente, de las fuentes primarias situadas en las cabeceras.
Une réécriture de The Tempest
Authors: Escobar Iván Salinas
Published: July 2017

Dans sa pièce de théâtre Clipperton (2006), le Mexicain David Olguín entremêle plusieurs éléments clés de The Tempest de William Shakespeare avec les événements tragiques vécus par un régiment de l’armée mexicaine qui est resté coupé du monde sur cet atoll du Pacifique entre 1915 et 1917. Bien plus qu’une simple réécriture de la pièce originale, comme celle qu’Aimé Césaire a pu faire en 1969, Olguín adapte certains éléments clés de Shakespeare dans le but de critiquer acerbement la société et le milieu théâtral du Mexique. Cet article examine la façon dont Olguín actualise les figures de Prospéro, de Caliban et d’Ariel (entre autres), dans le but d’aborder les enjeux des comportements de ses personnages qui deviennent de plus en plus sauvages et barbares. À travers ces comportements, présentés de manière détournée afin de leurrer le lecteur/spectateur, l’auteur dénonce avec acrimonie, mais aussi avec beaucoup d’humour, la décomposition et l’hypocrisie qui peuplent toutes les strates sociales de ce pays latino-américain.
El salvajismo institucionalizado en El sueño del celta de Mario Vargas Llosa
Authors: Kanev Venko
Published: July 2017

La novela El sueño del celta de Mario Vargas Llosa, que podríamos calificar casi de «manifiesto» anticolonialista, es histórica por su personaje central (Roger Casement) y a la vez de una actualidad candente. Es una denuncia del salvajismo de este sistema de explotación de los pueblos «salvajes» por los europeos «civilizados» en el Congo belga, la Amazonía peruana y… la represión salvaje en la propia Europa contra los rebeldes irlandeses. Es también un muestrario de las crueldades perpetradas por las empresas sujetas al lucro desorbitado y del salvajismo del sistema europeo de concesiones de las riquezas naturales de un país. Mario Vargas Llosa atribuye el salvajismo al sistema y por lo tanto lo llama un salvajismo institucionalizado.
Les formes de la sauvagerie, de la brutalité et de l’urbanité chez V. S. Naipaul et R. Bolaño
Authors: Brito Luciano
Published: July 2017

L’histoire conceptuelle européenne a souvent défini le sauvage à partir de deux stéréotypes : celui de l’antonymie entre sauvage et urbain et celui selon lequel l’urbain devient sauvage. Le présent article cherche à montrer comment, sans quitter l’enfermement du stéréotype, les romans de V. S. Naipaul et R. Bolaño transforment les idées reçues en forme littéraire et art du roman. Ce serait à partir de l’idée d’autodissolution romanesque que leurs récits deviennent sauvages : le roman, qui s’écrit en même temps qu’il se détruit, trouverait son point de subversion en se camouflant à l’intérieur du stéréotype de la sauvagerie. Un parcours synthétique sur l’histoire de ces stéréotypes, à travers la lecture de L’Énigme de l’arrivée et 2666 se fait nécessaire dans le but de comprendre comment une forme devient sauvage : à partir de quel moment le roman affirme son inconstance, s’autorise toute sorte de renversements et réduit toute stratégie d’identification.
Villes, diasporas, cosmopolitisme(s) : une perspective historienne
Authors: Grenet Mathieu , Smyrnelis Marie-Carmen
Published: July 2017

Cet entretien s’attache à interroger à la fois la pertinence de la notion de « cosmopolitisme » dans l’étude des diasporas en contexte urbain et l’apport comme l’originalité de la perspective historienne dans un champ d’étude que les historiens n’ont investi que depuis deux à trois décennies. Il revient sur des enjeux clés tels que l’historiographie du cosmopolitisme, la méthodologie historique, les phénomènes de coexistence ou de convivance, ou encore la place des réseaux dans l’articulation spatiale du phénomène diasporique à plusieurs échelles.
Diaspora italienne et identités urbaines à Tunis, xixe-xxie siècle
Authors: Giudice Christophe
Published: July 2017

Au milieu du xixe siècle, les Italiens participent au mouvement d’expansion urbaine de Tunis du fait de leurs positions sociales et de leur présence dans le secteur de la construction. Après l’établissement du protectorat français en 1881, la physionomie de cette communauté est transformée par l’arrivée de nouveaux éléments, surtout originaires de Sicile et de condition modeste. Cette minorité autrefois privilégiée et proche du pouvoir beylical subit un déclassement. Des quartiers spécifiques apparaissent : Petite Sicile, Petite Calabre ou Venise. Le lien avec la « mère patrie », conservé malgré la distance, permet à la communauté de s’affirmer comme diaspora, avec une conscience nationale dominée par des oppositions sociales et régionales. Après 1945, les Italiens – identifiés collectivement au fascisme – subissent des politiques répressives de la part des autorités françaises et beaucoup quittent le pays.