bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Icelandic Music Students: Differences Between Students Playing Classical vs Rhythmic Music
Authors: Árnason Kári , Árnason Árni , Briem Kristín
Published: October 2018

Most research studies investigating the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders affecting musicians and music students have focused on classical music, while less is known about their prevalence in other music genres. The purpose of this study was to document cumulative and point prevalence
of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD) among music students in Iceland and, specifically, to identify differences between those studying classical vs rhythmic music. We hypothesized that students of classical music would report more frequent and more severe musculoskeletal disorders
than students involved in rhythmic music, as classical instruments and composition typically require more demanding, sustained postures during practice and performance. A total of 74 students from two classical music schools (schools A and B) and 1 rhythmic school (school C) participated in
the study by answering a questionnaire assessing PRMDs. The results showed that 62% of participants had, at some point in their musical career, suffered a PRMD. The cumulative prevalence was highest in music school A (71.4%) and lowest in music school C (38.9%). A statistically significant
difference was identified between the cumulative prevalence of PRMD from schools A and B combined compared to music school C (p=0.019). Over 40% of participants reported a “current PRMD,” and a significant difference was identified between the three schools (p=0.011), with the
highest point prevalence being registered in music school A (66.6%) and the lowest in music school C (22.2%). The prevalence of PRMDs among Icelandic music students was high. The difference found between students who play classical vs rhythmic music may be explained by different demands of
the instruments and composition on playing posture.
Injury and the Orchestral Environment: Part II. Organisational Culture, Behavioural Norms, and Attitudes to Injury
Authors: Rickert Dale LL , Barrett Margaret S , Ackermann Bronwen J
Published: October 2018

The organisational culture, behavioural norms, and attitudes of a workplace have a profound influence on levels of injury and illness amongst its workers. While this is well established in Work Health and Safety literature, very little research has attempted to understand the influence
of organisational culture on injury risk in the orchestral profession. To address this, the current study aimed to investigate the influence of organisational culture on injury outcomes for orchestral musicians. Using a qualitative case study methodology, in-depth semi-structured interviews
were undertaken with 10 professional orchestral cellists (2 freelance and 8 fulltime members) from a single Australian orchestra. After initial data analysis, further interviews were undertaken with a set of 5 orchestral management staff as a means of data triangulation. All data were analysed
using a themes-based “analysis of narrative” approach. The findings indicate that an orchestral culture exists in which musicians see injury as a sign of weakness, failure, and poor musicianship. Such negative perceptions of injury influence musicians to play through considerable
levels of pain and continue performing with injuries. Because of perceived judgment from the orchestral group, musicians were found to conceal injuries from colleagues and management staff. Freelance musicians felt that disclosing injuries may lead to decreased work opportunities, and both
full-time and casual musicians felt that “opening up” about injury may subject them to group judgment about their technique or musicianship. The study suggests education measures which may be effective at influencing individual behaviours and attitudes as well as cultural change
initiatives which could lead to long-term positive health outcomes in the orchestral workplace.
Fit to Dance Survey: A Comparison with DanceSport Injuries
Authors: Riding McCabe Teri , Ambegaonkar Jatin P , Redding Emma , Wyon Matthew
Published: October 2018

The Fit to Dance survey has been conducted twice previously, in 1993 and 2002, without dancesport participants. The purpose of this present online survey was to supplement a comparison of dancesport against the earlier results. The current study had a greater percentage of male respondents
than previous studies (43% vs 24% and 26%). The dancesport participants were older (28% at 40+ yrs vs 3% and 1%) and more likely to have normal (69% vs 57%) to overweight BMI (18% vs 2%). dancesport participants spent more time in various non-dancing conditioning activities than previous surveys
(5.2 ± 3.9 hrs [SD] vs 1.9 ± 2.5 and 2.2 ± 2.7). Muscles and joints were the most common type of injury in all the surveys. The knee was the top injury site in this survey, with lower back in previous surveys. The main perceived cause of injury was repetitive movements,
whereas fatigue and overwork were cited in the previous surveys. Physiotherapists were the most common type of medical professionals from whom the dancers sought treatment for their injuries in all surveys. The first survey included recommendations that the present survey results agree with,
including: dancers should be physically fit, dancers should warm up and cool down, dancers should never have to work in unsuitable environments, and dancers should receive immediate high-quality treatment for injuries.
Music, Disability, and Society. By Alex Lubet
Authors: Nabb David
Published: October 2018

Music, Disability, and Society. By Alex Lubet. Published by Temple University Press, Philadelphia, Nov 2010. 208 pp. ISBN 978-1-4399-0026-0.
Technology in Performing Arts Healthcare Research
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: October 2018

Two articles in this issue of Medical Problems of Performing Artists use specific technologies to advance our understanding of particular aspects of performance health. Clemente et al. used three-dimensional accelerometers to measure the motion of the head, jaw, and neck in pianists.
Saito et al. used electromyography (EMG) in the soleus muscles of dancers along with transcranial magnetic stimulation to show that the corticospinal tract adapts to the demands of dancing. These two examples of the use of technology in performing arts medicine research led me to review past
issues of the journal to get a better sense of which technologies have been more or less frequently used and how they have contributed to the state of the art.
Alice G. Brandfonbrener, MD--A Personal Remembrance
Authors: Lederman Richard J
Published: October 2018

Alice Brandfonbrener died peacefully at home on May 31, 2014, after a protracted illness. For all of us involved in performing arts medicine, she was the inspiration and guiding spirit. She will be missed. [Alice Brandfonbrener was one of the founding members of the field of performing
arts medicine, perhaps the most critical founding member. In addition to organizing the first “Conference on the Medical Problems of Musicians” in Aspen, Colorado, in 1983 (which led to the formation of the Performing Arts Medicine Association), she was the founding editor of this
journal, Medical Problems of Performing Artists--where she served as Editor for 20 years.]
Injury and the Orchestral Environment: Part III. The Role of Psychosocial Factors in the Experience of Musicians Undertaking Rehabilitation
Authors: Rickert Dale LL , Barrett Margaret S , Ackermann Bronwen J
Published: October 2018

Workplace rehabilitation in the orchestral setting poses a number of challenges that arise in part due to a poor fit between generic injury insurance and medical care and the elite performance requirements of professional musicians. Currently, the orchestral profession lacks information
and strategies to best deal with the unique challenges of this complex rehabilitation environment. In order to inform future directions for research and suggest possible changes of practice, the researchers conducted a qualitative case-study aimed at understanding the injury and rehabilitation
experiences of professional musicians. In-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken with three chronically injured professional cellists from a single Australian orchestra. After initial data analysis, further interviews were undertaken with a set of five orchestral management staff
as a means of data triangulation. All data were analysed using a themes-based analysis-of-narrative approach. The findings indicate that injury concealment played a considerable role in the development of chronic injuries for these musicians, and management staff felt that this concealment
may be the norm amongst orchestral musicians. The musicians in this study suffered emotional and psychological trauma as the result of their injuries, and two participants felt socially marginalised. During rehabilitation, the musicians in this study encountered difficulties with medical staff
not understanding the elite performance requirements of orchestral work. The article proposes recommendations that may assist in dealing with the complex challenges of injury rehabilitation in the orchestral environment.
Corticospinal Excitability of the Ankle Extensor Muscles Is Enhanced in Ballet Dancers
Authors: Saito Sakiko , Obata Hiroki , Endoh Takashi , Kuno-Mizumura Mayumi , Nakazawa Kimitaka
Published: October 2018

We tested the corticospinal excitability of the soleus muscle in ballet dancers to clarify whether the presumed long-term repetition of the specific plantarflexion results in changes of excitability in this neural pathway. We compared motor evoked potentials of the soleus muscle at
rest and during isometric contraction of the plantar flexors in dancers and nondancers. The amplitudes of motor evoked potentials elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation during contraction were examined against the background electromyographic activity. A regression line was calculated
for each subject. Results showed that the slope of the regression line is significantly greater in the dancer group than in the control group, suggesting that the corticospinal tract of ballet dancers has adapted to long-term repetition of plantarflexion in daily ballet training.
Contributing Factors, Prevention, and Management of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Flute Players Internationally
Authors: Lonsdale Karen , Laakso E-Liisa , Tomlinson Vanessa
Published: October 2018

Major studies have shown that flutists report playing-related pain in the neck, middle/upper back, shoulders, wrists, and hands. The current survey was designed to establish the injury concerns of flute players and teachers of all backgrounds, as well as their knowledge and awareness
of injury prevention and management. Questions addressed a range of issues including education, history of injuries, preventative and management strategies, lifestyle factors, and teaching methods. At the time of the survey, 26.7% of all respondents were suffering from flute playing-related
discomfort or pain; 49.7% had experienced flute playing-related discomfort or pain that was severe enough to distract while performing; and 25.8% had taken an extended period of time off playing because of discomfort or pain. Consistent with earlier studies, the most common pain sites were
the fingers, hands, arms, neck, middle/upper back, and shoulders. Further research is needed to establish possible links between sex, instrument types, and ergonomic set up. Further investigation is recommended to ascertain whether certain types of physical training, education, and practice
approaches may be more suitable than current methods. A longitudinal study researching the relationship between early education, playing position, ergonomic set-up, and prevalence of injury is recommended.
Traumatic Injuries in Professional Dance—-Past and Present: Ballet Injuries in Berlin, 1994/95 and 2011/12
Authors: Wanke Eileen M , Koch Franziska , Leslie-Spinks Jeremy , Groneberg David A
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE: The physical requirement profile for professional dancers has changed significantly during the past decades. The aim of this first comparative study is to present a differentiated analysis of work-related traumatic injuries sustained by professional ballet dancers at the
end of the 20th century (1994/95) and now (2011/12). METHODS: The data for evaluation were obtained from work accident reports (n=241; 1994/95, n=155; 2011/12, n=86) from three Berlin theatres. RESULTS: An increase in incidence of injuries could be observed only in male dancers (0.3 injuries/yr
in 1994/95 vs 0.4/yr in 2011/12). Numerous significant differences were found between injuries in the earlier time span and in the present. Movement contents resulting in traumatic injuries have changed. Furthermore, differences as to injury types, injured body region, nature of causes, dance
activities prior to injury, and attitude after sustaining an occupational accident were observed. The lower extremity remained the most common injury site (66.7% in 1994/95 vs 57.0% in 2011/12, p=0.697). The frequency rate of traumatic injuries to the spine has increased significantly (13.5%
in 1994/95 vs 24.1% in 2011/12, p=0.026), with injuries to the lumbar spine region more than tripled (5.8% vs 20.3% respectively). Few deviations were observed as to injury locations and organizational and time aspects (e.g., time of year of injury). CONCLUSION: Dance is progressing as evidenced
by the numerous aspects resulting in traumatic injuries. It is not organizational or time changes but rather work- and content-related factors that result in significant differences between past and present injuries.
Abstracts from the Literature, No. 64
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: October 2018

Editor’s note: Once again, bibliography searching shows that good things come in twos and threes. This issue contains reviews of multiple articles on three topics: synchrony among string quartet members, sensory tricks in musician’s dystonia, and evaluation of singing talent.
Installment #64
Prevention of Performance-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: October 2018

The article by Cliffton Chan et al. in this issue of Medical Problems of Performing Artists is the written version of his presentation at the PAMA Symposium that won the 2014 Alice G. Brandfonbrener Young Investigator Award. In it, Chan and his colleagues describe a controlled trial
of an exercise program for professional symphony orchestra musicians. One of my first editorials was on the subject of prevention of musicians' injuries, and a lot of work has been done on this subject in the 8 years since. In this editorial I will attempt to summarize some of the work that
has been done since 2006 and suggest how we might build on the momentum that has been created by Dr. Chan and other researchers.
Effect of a Musicians’ Exercise Intervention on Performance-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Chan Cliffton , Driscoll Tim , Ackermann Bronwen J
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of a purpose-designed exercise program on performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) and associated risk factors in a sample of professional orchestral musicians. METHODS: A 10-week exercise program was made available to full-time musicians
employed by the eight premier symphony orchestras of Australia. Questionnaires were administered before, immediately after (T1), and 6 months after interventions (T2) containing questions relating to change in frequency and severity of PRMDs, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during rehearsal,
private practice, and performance, as well as nine performance-related factors. Participants were also asked to rate whether these performance-related factors affected their overall playing capacity during different playing situations. A comparative control group of musicians had no intervention
and completed a modified questionnaire at the same time points. RESULTS: Exercise participants (n=30) reported a reduction in frequency (p<0.05) and severity (p<0.05) of PRMDs at T1 but not at T2 compared to controls (n=23). The exercise group reported a significant improvement in RPE
during private practice at T1 (p<0.01) and T2 (p<0.01), but not during rehearsal and performance. At T1, the intervention was rated to be moderately to highly effective for three performance-related factors: strengthening muscles that support playing, learning techniques that support
playing, and posture. Further, participants reported an intervention effect on overall playing capacity during rehearsal at T1 and T2. CONCLUSIONS: A tailored exercise program for musicians was effective at managing PRMDs, especially in reducing the frequency and severity of PRMDs. Physical
therapy exercises should be considered in modifying performance-related factors that have been reported to be predictors of PRMDs.
Lumbar Lordosis in Female Collegiate Dancers and Gymnasts
Authors: Ambegaonkar Jatin P , Caswell Amanda M , Kenworthy Kristen L , Cortes Nelson , Caswell Shane V
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE: Postural deviations can predispose an individual to increased injury risk. Specifically, lumbar deviations are related to increased low back pain and injury. Dancers and gymnasts are anecdotally suggested to have exaggerated lumbar lordosis and subsequently may be at increased
risk of lumbar pathologies. Our objective was to examine lumbar lordosis levels in dancers and gymnasts. METHODS: We examined lumbar lordosis in 47 healthy collegiate females (17 dancers, 29 gymnasts; mean age 20.2 ± 1.6 yrs) using 2-dimensional sagittal plane photographs and the Watson
MacDonncha Posture Analysis instrument. Participants’ lordosis levels were cross-tabulated and a Mann-Whitney U-test compared lumbar lordosis between groups (p<0.05). RESULTS: Most participants (89.4%, n=42) exhibited either marked (dancers 50%, n=9; gymnasts 62.1%, n=18; combined
57.4%, n=27) or moderate (dancers 27.8%, n=5; gymnasts 34.5%, n=10; combined 31.9%, n=15) lumbar lordosis deviations. The distribution of lordosis was similar across groups (p=0.22). CONCLUSIONS: Most dancers and gymnasts had moderate or marked lumbar lordosis. The extreme ranges of motion
required during dancing and gymnastics may contribute to the participants’ high lumbar lordosis. Instructors should be aware that there may be links between repetitive hyperextension activities and lumbar lordosis levels in dancers and gymnasts. Thus, they should proactively examine
lumbar lordosis in their dancers and gymnasts. How much age of training onset, regimens, survivor bias, or other factors influence lumbar lordosis requires study. Longitudinal studies are also needed to determine if lumbar lordosis levels influence lumbar injury incidence in dancers and gymnasts.
Metatarsal Pain and Plantar Hyperkeratosis in the Forefeet of Female Professional Flamenco Dancers
Authors: Castillo-López José M , Vargas-Macías Alfonso , Domínguez-Maldonado Gabriel , Lafuente-Sotillos Guillermo , Ramos-Ortega Javier , Palomo-Toucedo Inmaculada C , Reina-Bueno María , Munuera-Martínez Pedro V
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of metatarsal pain and of hyperkeratosis on the plantar forefoot in female professional flamenco dancers, and to determine whether there is a relationship between the two disorders. METHOD: Forty-four female professional
flamenco dancers, with a minimum activity of 25 hrs/wk, participated in this cross-sectional study. The presence or absence of metatarsal pain while dancing was recorded, and plantar pressures were measured on a pressure platform, both barefoot and shod with the usual dance shoe. The heel
height of the dance shoe was also measured. RESULTS: Of the dancers, 80.7% experienced metatarsal pain while dancing, and 84.1% presented with plantar hyperkeratosis. Plantar hyperkeratosis coincided with the presence of metatarsal pain in 67.04% of the feet studied. The maximum load point
in the feet when the dancers were barefoot was located 59.5% in the rearfoot and 40.5% in the forefoot; when dancers wore their specific flamenco dancing shoes, it was located 52.4% in the rearfoot and 47.6% in the forefoot. CONCLUSIONS: Metatarsal pain and plantar hyperkeratosis in the forefoot
are common foot disorders in female flamenco dancing. The incidence of the maximum load point being located in the forefoot, and the difference between the results of the tests while shod or barefoot, are both too low to support the idea that the raised heels of flamenco shoes are a major
contributing factor for these injuries. Therefore, these disorders may be caused by chronic repetitive trauma suffered during the practice of footwork dancing.
Foot and Ankle Pain and Injuries in Elite Adult Irish Dancers
Authors: Cahalan Roisin , Purtill Helen , O'Sullivan Peter , O'Sullivan Kieran
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: In Irish dance, the foot and ankle are the structures most commonly affected by pain and injury, but there is scant research examining the potential factors placing Irish dancers at risk of sustaining pain and injury in the foot and ankle. STUDY DESIGN: An observational
study examining the factors linked to pain and injury in the foot and ankle in elite adult Irish dancers. METHODS: The biopsychosocial characteristics of 29 subjects with no previous pain and injury in the foot and ankle were compared to 53 subjects who cited the foot and ankle as their most
troublesome bodily area. These 82 subjects were professional, competitive, and student Irish dancers, of both sexes aged 18 years or older, and were allocated to “never troublesome” (NT) and “most troublesome” (MT) groups, respectively. RESULTS: Factors found to be
statistically significant for membership of the MT group included female gender (p=0.004), greater gastrocnemius flexibility (p=0.021), better single leg balance (p=0.019), and a higher number of endurance jumps (p=0.009). The MT group reported more severe levels of day-to-day pain (p=0.038),
greater bothersomeness of daily pain (p=0.005), more subjective health complaints (p=0.024), more psychological complaints (p=0.030), and a greater number of bodily areas experiencing pain and injury (p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Pain and injury in the foot and ankle in elite adult Irish dancers
is commonplace and comparable to levels of injury in other elite forms of dance. A complex mix of biopsychosocial factors is associated with pain and injury in the foot and ankle in this cohort.
The m/r SEBT: Development of a Functional Screening Tool for Dance Educators
Authors: Wilson Margaret , Batson Glenna
Published: October 2018

Dance screenings provide direct and indirect data bearing on a dancer’s readiness to undertake rigorous physical training. Rarely, however, are dance teachers able to translate results from these screenings into practical technical knowledge. In this article, an example of a preseason
assessment tool is presented that translates scientific findings into useful information for dance teachers conducting auditions. Designed as a baseline assessment of the dancer during auditioning, the m/r SEBT tool helps teachers stratify technical levels, identify injury risk, and consequently
assist with immediate and appropriate recommendations for supplemental training and/or follow-up with a medical professional. The tool evolved out of more than 3 years of collaborative, multisite research utilizing the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) as a dynamic test of balance. Modifications
were made to render the test more dance-specific and to increase balance challenges. Within the 3-year period, more than 100 dancers were tested in four sites, two in the United States and two in the United Kingdom. Despite the relatively large collective sample size, neither the original
SEBT nor its modifications (m/r SEBT) held robust face or content validity as balance screens. What did emerge, however, were qualitative criteria that the authors organized into a feasible assessment tool for preseason auditions. While this tool awaits further validation, its current evolution
helps serve as a bridge between dance teachers’ clinical and practical knowledge.
Postural Stability Does Not Differ Among Female Sports with High Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Cortes Nelson , Porter Larissa D , Ambegaonkar Jatin P , Caswell Shane V
Published: October 2018

Dancers have a lower incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury compared to athletes in sports that involve cutting and landing motions. Balance can impact ACL injury risk and is related to neuromuscular control during movement. The purpose of this study was to investigate
whether balance differences exist among female dancers and female soccer and basketball athletes. Fifty-eight female dancers, soccer, and basketball athletes (16.5 ± 1.6 yrs, 1.6 ± 0.2 m, 60.2 ± 14.1 kg) completed the Stability Evaluation Test (SET) on the NeuroCom VSR
Sport (NeuroCom International, Clackamas, OR) to measure sway velocity. Video records of the SET test were used for Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) test scoring. A one-way ANCOVA compared composite sway velocity and BESS scores among sports. There was no statistically significant difference
for sway velocity or BESS among sports (sway velocity soccer 2.3 ± 0.4, dance 2.2 ± 0.4, and basketball 2.4 ± 0.4; BESS soccer 13.6 ± 5.0, dance 11.9 ± 5.5, and basketball 14.9 ± 5.1, p>0.05). Balance was similar among athletes participating in
different sports (dance, basketball, and soccer). Quasi-static balance may not play a significant role in neuromuscular control during movement and not be a significant risk factor to explain the disparity in ACL injury incidence among sports. Future research should examine the effects of
dynamic balance and limb asymmetries among sports to elucidate on the existing differences on ACL injury incidence rates.
An International Study on Dietary Supplementation Use in Dancers
Authors: Brown Derrick , Wyon Matthew
Published: October 2018

Little is known of the prevalence and motives of dietary supplement use amongst dancers from different cultures. Investigating supplement use, presumed effects, and other factors may be crucial for improving educational and nutritional advice provided for this cohort. Therefore, this
study investigated the use of dietary supplements in 334 dancers from 53 countries, who completed a digitally based 35-question survey detailing demographic information and the use of dietary supplementation. Supplement use was prevalent amongst this international cohort, with 48% reporting
regular supplement use. Major motives for supplement use were to improve health, boost immunity, and reduce fatigue. Forty-five percent believed that dancing increased the need for supplementation, whilst 30% recognized that there were risks associated with nutritional supplementation. The
most frequently consumed supplements were vitamin C (60%), multivitamins (67%), and caffeine (72%). A smaller group of participants declared the use of whey protein (21%) or creatine (14%). Supplements were mainly obtained from pharmacies, supermarkets, and health-food stores. Dancers recognized
their lack of knowledge in dietary supplement use and relied on peer recommendations instead of sound evidence-based advice from acknowledged nutrition or health care professionals. This study demonstrates that dietary supplement use is internationally prevalent amongst dancers. Continued
efforts are warranted with regard to information dissemination.
Injury Patterns and Rates Amongst Students at the National Institute of Circus Arts: An Observational Study
Authors: Munro David
Published: October 2018

Despite the ever-growing global participation in circus arts, very little research has been conducted into injuries associated with this physical discipline. To date, no studies have examined the incidence of injuries in circus training institutions and schools. In this study, data
were collected over an academic year from all student injury presentations to the physiotherapy staff at one Australian circus school. A total of 351 injuries resulting in 1,948 treatments occurred in 33 female and 30 male circus students. The most common mechanisms of injury were acrobatics/tumbling
(23%), handstands (12%), adagio (11%), and Chinese pole (10%). The most commonly injured body parts were the ankle (25%), lumbar spine (14%), and shoulder (12%). Interestingly, combined spinal injuries (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) contributed to 35% of all initial injuries. Females sustained
71% of all hip injuries, but only 33% of all forearm injuries. Males accounted for 59% of all ankle injuries. There were no significant gender-based differences in other body areas. Results indicated that there is no gender-based difference in the overall rate of injury. However, females sustained
significantly higher rates of hip injuries and males presented with more forearm and ankle injuries, perhaps reflecting the specific form and style of circus training and contortion undertaken. Spinal injuries had the highest overall rate of initial and follow-up presentations, indicating
that both preventative and rehabilitative strategies could be addressed. It is suggested that the most common mechanisms of injury reflect both the amount of time spent training specific disciplines and the extreme physical difficulties and demands placed on the body.
Невзаимные оптические и магнитооптические эффекты в полупроводниковых квантовых ямах
Authors: Котова Л.В. , Платонов А.В. , Кац В.Н. , Шамирзаев Т.С. , Andre R. , Кочерешко В.П.
Published: October 2018

Abstract —Effects implying violation of the Fresnel light reflection laws in semiconductor structures with quantum wells (QWs) have been investigated. This violation is related to the manifestation of spatial dispersion caused by spin–orbit coupling in structures without inversion centers. The spin–orbit coupling constants characterizing polarization conversion in symmetric and asymmetric structures with QWs have been measured.
From Passive Patient to Engaged Partner: My Journey With Parkinson Disease (Preprint)
Authors: Higgins Richard , Hennessey Maureen
Published: October 2018

UNSTRUCTURED

This patient narrative by Richard Higgins with Maureen Hennessey describes Richard's journey of learning to live with a chronic and progressive illness. It begins with Richard's diagnosis and shares many of the lessons learned along the way. Richard copes daily with this condition, relying on the support and expertise of his wife and the treatment team he has assembled while also encouragingly drawing on the skills and knowledge gained as a longtime running coach. A clinical commentary is provided at the article's conclusion, drafted by Richard's friend, Maureen Hennessey, PhD, CPCC, CPHQ, offering observations about the relevance of Richard's story to participatory medicine and suggesting pertinent resources for patients and health care professionals.
Persepsi Mahasiswa Tentang Pendidikan Karakter Pada Buku Teks Reading Di Perguruan Tinggi Swasta
Authors: Sesmiyanti Sesmiyanti , Antika Rindilla , Yulmiati Yulmiati
Published: October 2018

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa eksistensi dari nilai pendidikan karakter pada buku teks yang digunakan pada mata kuliah Reading di STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dimana data pada penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan wawancara. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah dosen yang telah dan mengajar pada mata kuliah Reading dan mahasiswa yang telah mengikuti mata kuliah tersebut. Objek dari penelitian ini adalah buku teks yang digunakan pada mata kuliah Reading di STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. Berdasarkan hasil interview diketahui bahwa buku teks yang digunakan tersebut belum mengandung nilai pendidikan karakter yang harus dipelajari dan dibutuhkan oleh mahasiswa. Buku teks tersebut hanya mengandung sembilan nilai pendidikan karakter dari 18 nilai yang terdapat pada Permendikbud tersebut. Nilai karakter yang terdapat dalam buku teks Reading adalah religius, jujur, kreatif, mandiri, kerja keras, rasa ingin tahu, gemar membaca, peduli sosial dan tanggung jawab. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa buku reading yang telah digunakan di jurusan bahasa Inggris di Sumatera Barat belum sepenuhnya mengandung nilai pendidikan karakter.

Kata kunci: Pendidikan karakter, buku teks reading, analisa kebutuhan

 

Abstract

The aim of this research is to analyze the existence of character education which is included in the textbook used in Reading subject at STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. This research is qualitative research which the data were collected through interview. Subject of this research is the lecturers who have taught Reading subject and the students who have complied that subject. The object of this research is the textbook used in Reading subject at STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. Based on interview results, it is known that the textbook used in Reading subject does not have character education contents which is needed and learnt by the college students. The textbook used only have nine out of eighteen characters mentioned in Permendikbud No49Tahun2014. They are, religius, honest, creative, independent, hardwork, curiosity, fond of reading, social care and responsible.  It can be concluded that the reading textbook used at English Department of STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat has not indicated the use of characters educational values yet.

Keywords: character education, reading textbook, need analysis
Kritik Sosial Stand Up Comedy Indonesia Dalam Tinjauan Prakmatik
Authors: Krissandi Apri Damai Sagita , Setiawan Kelik Agung Cahya
Published: October 2018

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan wujud kritik sosial yang terdapat dalam stand up comedy studi kasus comic Abdurrahum Arsyad dan mendeskripsikan penyimpangan prinsip kerja sama yang terdapat dalam stand up comedy studi kasus comic Abdurrahum Arsyad. Metode analisis menggunakan perspektif pragmatik. Berdasakan hasil analisis mengenai wujud penyimpangan prinsip kerja sama dan kritik sosial yang terdapat dalam stand up comedy yang disampaikan oleh Abdurrahum Arsyad maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) wujud penyimpangan prinsip kerja sama yang terdapat dalam stand up comedy Indonesia season 4 oleh comic Abdurrahum Arsyad terdiri dari penyimpangan maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim relevansi dan maksim pelaksanaan. (2) Stand up comedy merupakan salah satu jenis humor yang berkembang di masyarakat yang diungkapkan dengan melanggar maksim kuantitas, kualitas, relevansi, dan pelaksanaan  dapat digunakan sebagai sarana untuk menyampaikan kritik sosial karena dapat diungkapkan dengan bahasa yang harmonis dan mempunyai kesan santai serta menggelitik.

Kata kunci : kritik sosial, stand up comedy, pragmatik

 

Abstract

This study aimed to describe the form of social criticism contained in the stand-up comedy comic case study Abdurrahum Arsyad and describes the deviation of the principle of cooperation contained in stand up comedy comic case study Abdurrahum Arsyad. The analytical method used a pragmatic perspective. Based on the analysis of the existence of deviations from the principles of cooperation and social criticism contained in the stand up comedy presented by Abdurrahum Arsyad, it can be concluded that: (1) a deviation of the cooperation principle contained in the stand up comedy Indonesia season 4 by comic Abdurrahum Arsyad from maximal deviations of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance and maxim of implementation. (2) Stand up comedy is one type of humor that develops in a society expressed by violating the maxim of quantity, quality, relevance, and execution can be used as a means of conveying social criticism because it can be expressed in harmonious language and has a relaxed and intriguing impression.

Keywords : social criticism, stand up comedy, pragmatik
Paternal Exercise Improves Glucose Metabolism in Adult Offspring
Authors: Stanford Kristin I. , Rasmussen Morten , Baer Lisa A. , Lehnig Adam C. , Rowland Leslie A. , White Joseph D. , So Kawai , De Sousa-Coelho Ana Luisa , Hirshman Michael F. , Patti Mary-Elizabeth , Rando Oliver J. , Goodyear Laurie J.
Published: October 2018

Poor paternal diet has emerged as a risk factor for metabolic disease in offspring, and alterations in sperm may be a major mechanism mediating these detrimental effects of diet. Although exercise in the general population is known to improve health, the effects of paternal exercise on sperm and offspring metabolic health are largely unknown. Here, we studied 7-week-old C57BL/6 male mice fed a chow or high-fat diet and housed either in static cages (sedentary) or cages with attached running wheels (exercise trained). After 3 weeks, one cohort of males was sacrificed and cauda sperm obtained, while the other cohort was bred with chow-fed sedentary C57BL/6 females. Offspring were chow fed, sedentary, and studied during the first year of life. We found that high-fat feeding of sires impairs glucose tolerance and increases the percentage of fat mass in both male and female offspring at 52 weeks of age. Strikingly, paternal exercise suppresses the effects of paternal high-fat diet on offspring, reversing the observed impairment in glucose tolerance, percentage of fat mass, and glucose uptake in skeletal muscles of the offspring. These changes in offspring phenotype are accompanied by changes in sperm physiology, as, for example, high-fat feeding results in decreased sperm motility, an effect normalized in males subject to exercise training. Deep sequencing of sperm reveals pronounced effects of exercise training on multiple classes of small RNAs, as multiple changes to the sperm RNA payload observed in animals consuming a high-fat diet are suppressed by exercise training. Thus, voluntary exercise training of male mice results in pronounced improvements in the metabolic health of adult male and female offspring. We provide the first in-depth analysis of small RNAs in sperm from exercise-trained males, revealing a marked change in the levels of multiple small RNAs with the potential to alter phenotypes in the next generation.
Brand Communication with Branded Smartphone Apps: First Insights on Possibilities and Limits
Authors: Bellman Steven , Treleaven-Hassard Shiree , Robinson Jennifer A. , Varan Duane , Potter Robert F.
Published: October 2018

Branded apps represent a new possibility for enhancing brand image and service satisfaction. Compared with other forms of advertising, branded apps are welcomed as useful. Consumers are often more engaged with such apps, and therefore their users tend to process brand-related information more deeply and for a longer time than during passive consumption of other media. Research confirmed that app interaction consistently improved brand attitude, purchase intention and involvement in the respective product category. Remarkably, not only the brand itself, but the general interest for the whole category, was positively affected. Even though the results are promising, there are some “real world” issues that might limit the branded app’s success. First, it is becoming increasingly challenging for companies to ensure a new app is noticed when there are several hundred thousand others available. Second, to actually be used by consumers on a regular basis, the apps need to provide real benefits.
COMPREHENSIVE REHABILITATION OF DISABLED CHILDREN WITH BILATERAL THROUGH-CLEFT LIP AND PALATE IN KRASNODAR REGION
Authors: Ayupova F. S. , Mitropanova M. N. , Volobuev V. V. , Verapatvelian A. F. , Guschina S. S. , Pavlovskaya O. A. , Voskanyan A. R.
Published: October 2018

Aim.This study was designed to evaluate the immediate and long-term results of the Protocol of complex rehabilitation of 15 Kubanskij nauchnyj medicinskij vestnik 2018; 25 (5) children with bilateral through-cleft lip and palate (BTCLP) developed by the Department of pediatric dentistry, orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery of KSMU.

Materials and methods. There was conducted the evaluation of the immediate and long-term results of the complex treatment of 25 patients with BTCLP aged 0 to 18 years according to the Protocol developed by the Department of pediatric dentistry, orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery of KSMU.

Results. There was carried out a detailed analysis of the results of the application of the function-forming plate (FFP) in patients with BTCLP aged 0 to 1 year. The results of the models measurement in dynamics showed a significant growth and development of the upper jaw, the approximation of the shape and size of the upper alveolar arc to the norm, reducing the distance between its fragments to the minimum. There was established that long-term gradual orthodontic treatment provides conditions for physiological growth and development of the facial skeleton and for the formation of physiological occlusion in children with BTCLP. The usage of gentle methods of uranoplasty reduces the risk of dentoalveolar anomalies in children with BTCLP. The complex of therapeutic measures and terms of surgical intervention should be planned individually. The elimination of the defects of the alveolar process of the upper jaw by the method of autoosteoplasty is a necessary step in the complex rehabilitation of children with BTCLP during the periods of changing and forming permanent dentition. The planning of the stage of prosthetics of patients with BTCLP is individual and involves the creation of conditions for fullfledged functions of chewing, swallowing and speech, and it is recommended to carry it out with the help of modern aesthetic constructions that ensure the preservation of the results of the complex, including orthodontic, treatment.

Conclusion.The analysis of the photographs of the face, TRG, CT and jaws diagnostic models obtained during the treatment of children and adolescents with congenital cleft lip and palate confirms the high morphofunctional and aesthetic result of the application of the developed at the Department of pediatric dentistry, orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery of KSMU Protocol of comprehensive rehabilitation of children with BTCLP.
THE IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OF ROTAVIRUS INFECTIONS IN KRASNODAR
Authors: Sutovskaya D. V. , Burlutskaya A. V. , Dubova A. V. , Tunikova E. I. , Kulikova V. V.
Published: October 2018

Aim. This research was performed to study the specific immunoprophylaxis of rotavirus infection among child population in Krasnodar.

Materials and methods. There was conducted the analysis of 2386 medical records of patients who were immunized against the rotavirus infection by the pentavalent reassortant vaccine "Rotatec" for the period of 2013-2017, the assessment of the incidence of acute intestinal infections (AII) and rotavirus infection among vaccinated and unvaccinated children of the first two years of life as well as a comparative analysis of primary prophylaxis of rotavirus infection with the incidence of rotavirus infection according to data of Rospotrebnadzor for the study period.

Results. Coverage of the vaccination against rotavirus infection among children in Krasnodar for the period of 2013−2017 was 5,6 % of the target cohort which is not enough to reduce the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis. There was demonstrated the efficacy and safety of rotavirus vaccine. During the study period vaccinated children were 2.5 times less likely to suffer from AII. No cases of rotavirus infection were reported among the vaccinated respondents.

Conclusion. The leading role of rotavirus infection in severe forms of acute gastroenteritis in children of the first 5 years of life as well as the high efficiency of vaccine prophylaxis gives hope that vaccination against rotavirus infection will be included in the Russian national calendar of preventive vaccinations everywhere in the nearest future.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION MORTALITY OF THE YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT FOR THE PERIOD OF 1993-2016
Authors: Sukhova E. A.
Published: October 2018

Aim. This study was designed for the determination of the priority directions of the reduction of the population mortality of the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous district and the estimation of the place of death from certain major groups of death causes in total mortality in the Yamal-Nenets autonomous district for the period of 1993−2016.

Materials and methods. There was performed the analysis of the dynamics of death rates and the number of deaths depending on the sex, age group, locality and causes of death.

Results. The change in the sex and age structure of the population due to the natural aging and migration movements (the decrease in the proportion of the population younger than 20 years by 8.38% and the increase of the proportion of the population older than 60 years by 4.62% of the total population) had a major influence on the dynamics of the change in death rates of the population. The most significant causes of death in 2016 were: in men − cardiovascular diseases, external causes of death, neoplasms; in women − cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, external causes of death. The primary directions of reducing the mortality of the population of the YNAO can be determined by the most significant groups of causes of death: cardiovascular diseases of the population; diseases of the digestive system; neoplasms of the digestive, respiratory and genital organs; infant mortality due to infections (with the exception of respiratory infections) and circulatory problems; deaths due to alcohol-related causes.

Conclusion. The obtained results can form the basis for management measures to reduce mortality in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District.
MORPHOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF APPLICATION OF THE DEVELOPED STOMATOLOGIC MEDICAL PREPARATION BY THE BIOLOGICAL METHOD OF TREATINMENT OF THE PULPITIS
Authors: Ivashchenko V. A. , Adamchik A. A. , Tairov V. V.
Published: October 2018

Aim. This study was designed for the morphological assessment of the state of tooth pulp tissues after simulated acute 29 Kubanskij nauchnyj medicinskij vestnik 2018; 25 (5) trauma under the influence of the developed dental treatment pad and three analogues in the treatment of deep caries and acute focal pulpitis.

Materials and methods.In the course of the experiment the study was conducted on white laboratory rats. The cavities on the molar chewing surface of the upper jaw were formed by spherical burs. The experimentally formed lesions of the surface layer of the pulp were treated using the developed dental preparation and three analogues. Laboratory animals were withdrawn from the experiment on days 3, 7 and 30. Animal teeth were put in a 10% neutral formalin solution, decalcified for 3 days and then put into a mounting medium. The slices obtained had a thickness of 5-15 μm.

Results. In the course of the experimental study we detected the activation of reactive and compensatory processes in the tooth pulp tissue with the preservation of its viability by using the developed dental therapeutic preparation and the Biodentin as a comparison preparation on the 30th day of the experiment. Histologically, these changes were expressed in an increase in the level of metabolic processes and in the activation of cellular elements of the tooth pulp tissue on the 30th day of the experiment.

Conclusion. As a result of an experimental study of the developed dental therapeutic preparation for the treatment of deep caries and acute focal pulpitis, there was established a specific and multifunctional property in preventing and prophylaxis of the inflammation development and enhancing the protective properties of the pulp tissue under the influence of this preparation.

Morphological evaluation of the application of the developed dental treatment pad showed a rapid arrest of the inflammatory response of the pulp tissue within 30 days and the normalization of the main components of the tooth pulp.

Developed during the conducted experimental research dental therapeutic preparation confirmed its stated properties, in particular, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, analgesic, moreover, it is not inferior in its properties to the drugs presented in the course of the experimental study.