bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of the Legal Status of Ministries of Defence Staff in Selected European Countries
Authors: Rabrenović Aleksandra , Misailović Jovana , Malezić Repajić Tijana
Published: November 2023

The objective of the paper is to examine key aspects of human resources management of different categories of personnel in ministries of defence, i.e. civil servants, military officials and other staff categories in Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. The paper analyses the legal rights and responsibilities of all categories of staff, with a special focus on the recruitment and selection process and remuneration and assesses whether they are in line with international standards. The findings of the analysis demonstrate important exceptions to the principle of merit and public competition rules in the defence sector in all three countries, which poses a serious risk for the application of the merit principle. In all analysed countries there are also separate remuneration legal regimes, which enables the employees in the defence sector to have higher levels of salaries in comparison to their colleagues in the civil service. Although the desire to increase the level of salaries may be understandable in order to increase the motivation of MoD’s staff, this comes with the risk of undermining the unity of the civil service. In order to overcome these issues, it is important to ensure the observance of the merit principle with regard to recruitment and selection of the MoD’s staff based on an open competition. Furthermore, it is recommended that a careful job benchmarking exercise be carried out which would compare the complexity and responsibility of jobs in the civil service and armed forces and align their salary levels in a fair and acceptable manner.
Geographie und Recht
Authors: Klosterkamp Sarah
Published: November 2023

Sarah Klosterkamp will in diesem Buch erstens bereits bestehende gerichtsethnographische Methoden für eine Humangeographie fruchtbar machen, die an Recht und seinen multiplen Wechselwirkungen im Sinne von Subjektkonstitutionen und Produktionsweisen gesellschaftlicher Ungleichheit interessiert ist. Hierfür schlägt sie ein methodisch-methodologisches Instrumentarium vor, das geeignet scheint, den spezifischen Besonderheiten des empirischen Forschens im Gericht Rechnung zu tragen. Zweitens geht es ihr um eine konzeptionelle Ausdehnung politisch-geographisch informierter Ansätze und konkret um eine sinnvolle Ergänzung und Erweiterung bereits bestehender politisch-geographischer Untersuchungen aus dem Bereich der Kriminalgeographien um die Komponente der Logiken und Praktiken machtvoller Institutionen im Sinne einer study-up power Forschung. Dies systematisiert und konkretisiert sie am Beispiel eigener Feldforschungen an Amts-, Landes- und Oberlandesgerichten in Celle, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Köln, Frankfurt, München und Stuttgart-Stammheim. So gelingt ihr eine dichte Ethnographie staatlichen Handelns und Bewertens von strafrechtlich relevanten Gegenständen und Personen an der für die Geographie spannenden Schnittstelle der Terrorismusbekämpfung, Kriminalitätskartierung, Migrations- und Fluchtbewegungen und Materialtransporten, die durch den EU-Schengenraum und bis in das (ehemalige) Kalifat des ‚Islamischen Staates' reichen.
Gefährliche Abstraktionen - Regieren mittels Kriminalisierung und Raum
Authors: Belina Bernd
Published: November 2023

Gesellschaftliche Verhältnisse werden mittels Raumproduktionen ebenso wie mittels Kriminalisierungen organisiert und regiert. Beide Strategien basieren auf interessengeleiteten und folgenreichen Abstraktionen. Wo sie zusammenkommen, werden im Namen der Sicherheit vermeintlich gefährliche Räume produziert, um marginalisierte Gruppen zu kontrollieren und zu schikanieren sowie um Gentrifizierung vorzubereiten, Moralpaniken zu entfachen und Gesellschaften zu regieren. Der Band versammelt Beiträge des Autors von 2005 bis heute, die in geographischen, kriminologischen und aktivistischen Kontexten erschienen (und z.T. nicht leicht zugänglich) sind, darunter aus dem Englischen übersetzte, sowie eine neue Einleitung. Thematisiert werden mit Fokus auf Deutschland und die USA räumliche Aspekte des (Polizei-)Rechts (Gefahrenorte, Aufenthaltsverbote, Loitering Laws), Ideologien (Zero Tolerance, Broken Windows, öffentlicher Raum) und Technologien (Kriminalitätskartierung, Videoüberwachung, Predictive Policing) sowie deren Resultate (Racial Profiling, Vertreibung, Versicherheitlichung). Die Beiträge verbinden Radical Geography und Kritische Kriminologie mit Zeitdiagnosen und kritischen Interventionen.
Bayesian Inference for C-AR Model with Spherically Symmetric Error
Authors: Ashok Kumar  , Jitendra Kumar
Published: November 2023

Present work has investigated the inferences in covariate autoregressive (C-AR) model when error term is non-Gaussian. Spherically symmetric behaviour is one of the non-Gaussian characteristic and may be seen in agricultural, economics and biological field. So, we have considered here the spherical symmetric error in C-AR model. Under Bayesian methodology, estimators of the model parameters are obtained by conditional posterior distribution. A Bayes factor is derived for testing the unit root hypothesis. A simulation study has conducted when error term follows t-distribution. In empirical study, we considered REER time series of SAARC countries to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model.
A Simulation study of some Modern Weighting Methods for Estimating Treatment Effects in Observational Studies
Authors: Lateef Babatunde Amusa  , Temesgen Zewotir  , Delia North
Published: November 2023

Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we compared the performance of entropy balancing, empirical balancing calibration weighting (EBCW), covariate balancing propensity score, and the inverse probability treatment weighting methods,viathe performance of treatment effects estimation. The consistently superior performance of EBCW and entropy balancing leads us to recommend these two modernweighting techniques.
A Response Surface Analysis of Critical Values for IPS Panel Unit Root Tests
Authors: Gulasekaran Rajaguru
Published: November 2023

The paper develops an algorithm to generate the critical values through Monte Carlo simulations which will be computationally efficient as opposed to the traditional simulation techniques used in the earlier panel unit root studies. The results from the simulation experiments are used to construct the response surface regressions in which the critical values depend on both cross-sectional and time units. The predictability of the response surface regressions is compared with reported IPS critical values. The usefulness of these results is illustrated through an empirical example of purchasing power parity test.
A Super Population Model Approach to Imputation for Estimating Population Mean
Authors: Priyanka Singh  , Ajeet Kumar Singh  , V. K. Singh
Published: November 2023

In this paper Super population model based study of some imputation strategies have been proposed for estimating population mean under non -response, considering population is of dynamic nature, a more practical and relevant approach and hence it has been assumed that each unit of the study variable is following Polynomial regression model. Bias’s and MSE’s have been obtained under model-based approach; also, empirical comparisons of these strategies have been done with some special cases of PRMs, so as to observe their performance over varying non-response rates, Robustness of the estimators have been checked under misspecification of the models.
Construir un comienzo
Authors: Schwarte Ludger , Ávalos Bernardo
Published: November 2023

Ludger Schwarte (Münster, 1965) es profesor de filosofía en la Kunstakademie de Düsseldorf. Es ampliamente considerado como uno de los representantes más importantes de la filosofía de la arquitectura, una disciplina que ha venido desarrollándose rápidamente en las últimas dos décadas y cuya actualidad es cada vez mayor. En su monumental libro Philosophie der Architektur (2009), desarrolla una filosofía política ―y no meramente estética o simbólica― de la arquitectura. Su original planteamiento consiste en entender la arquitectura, en primer lugar, como construcción de posibilidades, esto es, en su capacidad de instaurar, definir o movilizar los fundamentos del «mundo de la vida» vigente en cada caso a través de la producción de espacios, registros temporales y medios de interacción que determinan nuestra experiencia. En este sentido, para Schwarte la filosofía de la arquitectura tiene una importancia fundamental en la medida en que ayuda a rastrear la génesis de una especie de «sentido fundamental» que constituye la raíz común de las formas de vida y de los órdenes lingüísticos. El presente artículo, la primera traducción del autor alemán al español, ofrece una síntesis de su proyecto de una filosofía de la arquitectura.
Conceptos y lineamientos filosóficos de Cómo hacer cosas con palabras de J. L. Austin
Authors: González Rodrigo
Published: November 2023

El siguiente artículo busca reinterpretar la propuesta conceptual de Cómo hacer cosas con palabras de Austin, siguiendo los lineamientos con que Austin caracterizó su quehacer filosófico: pragmatismo, analítica y fenomenología del lenguaje. Austin no busca simplemente adherir a las corrientes contemporáneas que llevan estos nombres, sino reinterpretar las problemáticas modernas que las originan, con el fin de crear una propuesta conceptual que renueve la concepción tradicional del acto.
Sujeto cibernético, los chatbots y gólem artificial
Authors: Merejo Andrés
Published: November 2023

En este ensayo, analizaré cómo el sujeto cibernético, los chatbots y el gólem artificial se relacionan entre sí y con el contexto histórico en el que surgen y se desarrollan en el cibermundo.

El cibermundo es el escenario virtual y material donde se desarrollan las interacciones entre los sujetos cibernéticos y los dispositivos inteligentes que emplean la inteligencia artificial (IA) para comunicarse, aprender, crear y construir estrategia de saber- poder.

Los conceptos de sujeto cibernético, chatbot y gólem artificial entran en una interrelación dinámica en el cibermundo, generando reflexiones y produciendo debate filosófico sobre el sujeto cibernético ante la inteligencia artificial.
Gene expression profiles of skin from cyclin dependent kinases 5-knockdown mice
Authors: Yang Shanshan , Jiao Dingxing , Song Tao , Rui Ping , Fan Ruiwen , Ma Zengjun
Published: November 2023

Objective: This study aimed to identify genes regulated by cyclin dependent kinases 5 (CDK5) that participate in hair pigmentation in mice.Methods: The mRNA expression profiles of skin samples from CDK5-knockdown mice were constructed using high-throughput RNA sequencing and compared with those of wild-type mice.Results: In total, 8,002 known genes were differentially expressed between CDK5-knockdown and wild-type mice. Of these, 3,658 were upregulated and 4,344 were downregulated in the skin of CDK5-knockdown mice. An additional 318 previously unknown genes were also differentially expressed, with 171 downregulated and 147 upregulated genes in the skin of CDK5-knockdown mice. Of the known genes expressed in mouse skin, 80 were associated with hair color, with 61 showing lower expression and 19 exhibiting higher expression in skin of CDK5-knockdown mice. Importantly, the expression of the tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) and the calcium signaling pathway were also found to be regulated by CDK5, suggesting that pigmentation is regulated by CDK5 via the calcium signaling pathway and TYRP1.Conclusion: The transcriptome profiles obtained from the skin of CDK5-knockdown mice compared to wild-type mice provide a valuable resource to help understand the mechanism by which CDK5 regulates melanogenesis in mice and other animals.
Population diversity, admixture, and demographic trend of the Sumba Ongole cattle based on genomic data
Authors: Sudrajad Pita , Hartati Hartati , Soewandi Bayu Dewantoro Putro , Anwar Saiful , Hapsari Angga Ardhati Rani , Widi Tri Satya Mastuti , Bintara Sigit , Maharani Dyah
Published: November 2023

Objective: Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are valuable breed due to their important role in the development of Indonesian cattle. Despite rapid advances in molecular technology, no genomic studies on SO cattle have been conducted to date. The aim of this study is to provide genomic profile related to the population diversity, admixture, and demographic trends of SO cattle.Methods: Genomic information was gathered from 79 SO cattle using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 v3 Beadchip, and for comparative purposes, additional genotypes from 209 cattle populations worldwide were included. The expected and observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, pairwise fixation indices between-population, and Nei's genetic distance were examined. Multidimensional scaling, admixture, and treemix analyses were used to investigate the population structure. Based on linkage disequilibrium and effective population size calculations, the demographic trend was observed.Results: The findings indicated that the genetic diversity of SO cattle was similar to that of other indicine breeds. SO cattle were genetically related to indicines but not to taurines or Bali cattle. The study further confirmed the close relationship between SO, Ongole, and Nellore cattle. Additionally, a small portion of the Ongole mixture were identified dominant in the SO population at the moment. The study also discovered that SO and Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) could have been ancestors in the development of Ongole Grade cattle, which corresponds to the documented history of Ongolization. Our finding indicate that SO cattle have maintained stability and possess unique traits separate from their ancestors.Conclusion: In conclusion, the genetic diversity of the SO cattle has been conserved as a result of the growing significance of the present demographic trend. Consistent endeavors are necessary to uphold the fitness of the breed.
Der Anspruch auf Ganzhaitlichkeit
Authors: Bek Thomas
Published: November 2023

Wir arbeiten „ganzheitlich“! Seit Beginn moderner Sozialer Arbeit findet sich dieser Begriff nicht nur in der Alltagspraxis, sondern auch im Fachdiskurs. Der Rekurs auf Ganzheitlichkeit ist von der Ambition getragen, den Menschen und dessen Lebensprobleme adäquater als andere Professionen zu erfassen. Diesem Anliegen geht der Text im Hinblick auf das Menschenbild in der Sozialen Arbeit nach und stellt die Frage, ob der Begriff aufrechterhalten oder endlich verworfen werden sollte.
Die Umsetzung der GloBE Rules (Pillar Two) in den USA
Authors: Schmidt Nina
Published: November 2023

About ten years ago, the OECD, together with the G20 countries, launched the BEPS project with the aim of adapting existing international tax structures to progressive globalisation. As a result or as part of this project, 139 countries have now participated in the development of an internationally agreed minimum tax system, the so-called GloBE rules ('Pillar Two'). The United States has played a crucial role in this development. Nina Schmidt examines whether and to what extent the US has or will implement the consensus solution for effective minimum taxation at the national level, and what the consequences might be if the US does not implement the GloBE Rules at the national level.
Caregiver Burden and Quality of Life among Caregivers of Cancer Patients in Ahvaz, 2021 - 2022: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rooeintan Mansooreh , Haghighi Shayesteh , Ahmadi Mehrnaz
Published: November 2023

Background: Reducing the care burden of family caregivers and improving their quality of life is one of the important goals of palliative care. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the caregiver burden (CB) and its relationship with the quality of life (QOL) of family caregivers of cancer patients admitted to Baqai 2 Hospital in Ahvaz City from 2021 to 2022. Methods: Using a convenience-sampling method, this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 178 family caregivers of cancer patients. The data collection instrument included a three-part questionnaire. The first part included demographic information of family caregivers of cancer patients, the second part included the caregiver burden scale (CBS) to investigate the CB of the caregivers, and the third part included the caregiver quality of life index-cancer (CQOLC) scale to investigate QOL in caregivers. This questionnaire was standardized and had acceptable validity and reliability. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and analytical statistics tests using SPSS V22 software. Results: The mean and SD of participants' CB and QOL were 15.79 ± 50.23 and 80.84 ± 23.29, respectively. The majority of caregivers (47.8%) had moderate CB, and the QOL of caregivers decreased significantly with an increasing CB (P < 0.001). The results showed that caregivers' QOL was influenced by factors such as CB, place of residence (rural area), duration, and type of disease (P < 0.001). Also, CB was influenced by factors such as marital and employment status, level of education, and the family relationship with patients (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that the QOL of family caregivers of cancer patients decreased with increasing CB. Therefore, authorities and oncology nurses should design necessary plans to develop interventions to reduce CB and improve the QOL of family caregivers of cancer patients.
Slovo úvodem
Authors: Lorenz Michal
Published: November 2023

Editorial
Status Hara Makro Tanah Dan Produksi Berat Segar Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Yang Diberikan Pupuk Bokashi Feses Ayam Level Berbeda
Authors: Hambakodu Marselinus , Dappa Serlina
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk bokashi feses ayam terhadap status unsur hara makro dan produksi berat segar tanaman alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Penelitian dilakukan selama 60 hari di Lahan Makan Ternak, Laboratorium Lapangan, Universitas Kristen Wira Wacana Sumba. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental rancangan acak lengkap 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan sebagai berikut; P0: tanpa pupuk bokashi, P1: pupuk bokashi 250 gran/polybag, P2: pupuk bokashi 500 gram/polybag, P3: pupuk bokashi 750 gram/polybag, P4: pupuk bokashi 1000 gram/polybag. Data produksi berat segar diuji dengan menggunakan analisis ragam dan uji wilayah ganda Duncan, sedangkan data hara makro tanah diuji secara deskriptif.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk bokashi feses ayam berpengaruh (p<0,05) terhadap produksi berat segar dan unsur hara miakro tanah (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu dan pH) pada tanaman alfalfa. Kesimpulan, pemberian pupuk bokashi feses ayam pada level 1.000 gram/polybag dapat meningkatkan produksi berat segar tanaman Alfalfa dan menghasilkan status unsur hara mikro tanah dalam kondisi yang normal.
Status Hara Makro Dan Produksi Berat Segar Tanaman Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L) Yang Diberikan Pupuk Bokashi Feses Sapi Sumba Ongole Dengan Level Yang Berbeda
Authors: Hambakodu Marselinus , Meha Hanis Mila
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status hara makro tanah dan produksi bahan segar tanaman alfalfa yang diberikan pupuk bokashi feses sapi Sumba Ongole dengan level berbeda. Penelitian  dilaksanakan di Lahan Hijauan Makanan Ternak, Laboratorim Lapangan, Univeritas Kristen Wira Wacana Sumba, Desa Kuta, Kecamatan Kanatang, Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Penelitian berlangsung selama 60 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan terdiri dari; P0 : (kontrol) tanpa pmberian pupuk bokashi, P1 : Pemberian pupuk bokashi (250)gram/polybag, P2 : pupuk bokashi 500 gram/polybag, P3 : pupuk bokashi 750 gram/polybag, P4 : pupuk bokashi 1.000 gram/ polybag. Variabel yang diamati yaitu C Organik, pH tanah, Nitrogen, Phosphor, Kalium, Magnesium, Kalsium, dan produksi berat segar alfalfa (Medicago sativa L). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian pupuk bokashi feses sapi Sumba Ongole berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap produksi bahan segar tanaman alfalfa, serta status hara makro yang masih normal untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pertumbuhan tanaman alfalfa. Kesimpulan, pemberian pupuk bokashi feses sapi Sumba Ongole meningkatkan produksi bahan segar, dan semakin banyak unsur hara makro yang tersedia maka menghasilkan pertumbuhan tanaman alfalfa yang baik.
Keragaan Hasil dan Analisis Usaha Tani Ubi Kayu di Kabupaten Mamuju, Provinsi Sulawesi Barat
Authors: Sirappa Marthen Pasang , Indrayana Ketut , Sirappa Iven Patu
Published: November 2023

Tantangan pembangunan pertanian nasional ke depan adalah penyediaan pangan nasional khususnya beras untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang semakin meningkat, sehingga mengandalkan satu jenis komoditas saja tentu tidak dapat menjawab permasalahan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pembenahan tata kelola dan inovasi Badan Litbang Pertanian untuk mendukung kemandirian dan daya saing pangan dalam upaya pemanfaatan pangan non beras sebagai sumber pangan alternatif. Hal ini sejalan dengan salah satu sasaran utama pembangunan pertanian dalam mencapai sukses empat Kementerian Pertanian yaitu meningkatkan diversifikasi pangan. Salah satu komoditas pangan non beras yang paling potensial sebagai sumber pangan alternatif adalah ubi kayu. Di Kabupaten Mamuju Provinsi Sulawesi Barat, ubi kayu menempati luas panen terbesar ketiga setelah jagung dan padi gogo, dengan produktivitas rata-rata sebesar 20,50 t/ha, lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan hasil kajian atau potensi hasil varietas unggul dengan penerapan inovasi teknologi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lahan petani di Kecamatan Tommo Kabupaten Mamuju. Menggunakan metode On Farm Research yang melibatkan 3 orang petani. Tujuan pengkajian adalah untuk mengetahui keragaan beberapa varietas ubi kayu dan hasil analisis usaha tani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknologi Integrated Crop Management (ICM) rata-rata menghasilkan umbi segar dengan bobot 6,11 kg/tanaman lebih tinggi dibandingkan teknologi petani (3,40 kg/tanaman) dengan pendapatan dan keuntungan sebesar Rp. 44.000.000/ha dan Rp. 35.480.000/ha untuk teknologi ICM dan Rp. 21.802.000/ha dan Rp. 20.139.750/ha untuk teknologi petani, B/C rasio 4,16 dan MBCR 2,24.
Identifikasi Makroalga Yang Tersebar Di Perairan Kapihak Desa Mondu Kecamatan Kanatang
Authors: Manggay Samuel , Meiyasa Firat
Published: November 2023

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang kaya akan sumberdaya hati termasuk makroalga. Sumba Timur merupakan salah satu daerah sebaran makroalga yang cukup melimpah. Hasil penelitian terdahulu telah berhasil mengidentifikasi makroalga di perairan Sumba Timur diantaranya adalah di perairan Londalima, Maudolung, Wula-Waijelu, serta Mangili. Sedangkan perairan Kapihak belum dilaporkan. Dengan demikian, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi makroalga yang terbesar di perairan Kapihak Desa Mondu Kecamatan Kanatang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode transek garis, data yang di ambil berasal dari tiga stasiun. Setelah dilakukan pengambilan sampel, dilanjutkan dengan proses identifikasi untuk mengetahui spesies makroalga. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengujian kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan penggunaan metode transek bahwa makroalgae yang ditemui terdiri dari 3 kelas makroalga yaitu alga coklat 3 spesies (Sargasum plagyophyllum, Padina australis, Sargasssum muticum), alga merah 1 spesies (Gracilaria corticata), dan algae hijau 1 spesies (Ulva reticulata) dengan kategori kualitas air yang cukup baik yaitu DO sebesar 7,83 mg/L, pH sebesar 8,34, dan suhu sebesar 29,67 oC.
Dampak Kegiatan Pengajian Kelompok Yasin dalam Membentuk Akhlak Anggotanya di Jorong Koto Panjang Nagari Koto Baru Kec. IV Nagari
Authors: Yuliharka Marfiga , Murniyetti Murniyetti
Published: November 2023

Recitation is a form of da'wah which is considered quite effective in spreading the religion of Islam. This recitation aims to find out what forms of recitation activities are, what the social behavior of recitation members is and what are the solutions in dealing with the social behavior of its members in Jorong Koto Panjang Nagari Koto Baru Krc.IV Nagari. This research is qualitative with a field approach. The main instrument in the research is the researcher himself with data usage techniques used by means of observation, interviews and documentation. The steps to analyze data are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research are the form of recitation activities of the Yasin group, namely as a place to gain religious knowledge and also to stay in touch, the social behavior of its recitation members is used as a means of comparison within social castes and the solution provided is to provide advice through an approach to remind each other of good things for smooth running. Yasin group recitation activities.
Sintesis Pigmen Merah Hematit (α-Fe2O3) dari Pasir Besi dengan Metode Kopresipitasi dan Hidrotermal: A Review
Authors: Lestari Destriani Umi
Published: November 2023

The purified natural iron sand contains magnetic dioxide particles to produce ferric ions (Fe3+) which can be used as precursors for the synthesis of the red pigment hematite. Hematite red pigment synthesis was carried out by coprecipitation method with NaOH precipitating agent and hydrothermal.The optimum pH of the hematite red pigment synthesis reaction using the coprecipitation method is pH 6. At pH 6 it will produce a hematite red pigment with higher brightness. By the hydrothermal method Fe3O4 added 50 mL HCl (12,063 M) in a beaker. The filtrates are added boric acid with varying concentrations of 0.1 M; 0.3 m; 0.5 M and 1.0 M at a volume ratio of 1:1. Gradually the solution is supplemented with NH4OH 6 M until a solution with a pH of 8 is obtained at a constant temperature of 70oC. The formed precipitate is put in the microwave for 10 minutes with a pressure of 90P. The characterization was carried out using XRD to see the crystal structure of the product and UV-Vis to see the absorption wavelength.und is the anatase phase.
Evaluating Outcome of Surgical Centralization for Radial Club Hand in Children
Authors: Ngoc Hung Nguyen , Hai Duc Hoang , Anh Le Tuan , Sang Phung Cong
Published: November 2023

Background: Various types of osteotomy have been proposed to treat Radial club hand. We reviewed the results of Ulnar osteotomy, Centralization, and tendon transfer. Methods: Between 2000 and 2011, we treated 32 cases of Radial club hand with two Variants Variation 1 (n= 23): ulnar osteotomy; Variation 2 (n=9): without osteotomy; There were 23 patients. Male 10 and Female: 13. Unilateral: 14. Bilateral: 9. Mean age at Operation: 33 months and Follow Up: 56 months. We compared Wrist-Forearm, Hand-Forearm angles before and after surgery, range of motion for all patients. Results: Surgical Centralization on all patients, and Ulnar Osteotomy on 23 forearms. The Patients was Operated according to separated two Variants; there were 23 Variant 1, mean Ulnar bow: 38.68° ±3.583 (33.6° – 45.2°); and there were 9 Variant 2. mean Ulnar bow: 28.15° ± 3.176 (25.7°—28.4°)without ulnar osteotomy. There were 14 patients with unilateral: 8 (57.1%) in V1, and 6 (42.9%) in V2. There were 9 patients with bilateral (18 radial club hand): 15 (83.3%) in V1, and 3 (16.7%) in V2. Compared results on V1 and V 2 with P-values are not significant. Conclusion: Centralization and Ulnar osteotomy technique for operative treatment of the radial club hand is presented. The improved mechanical forces are further stabilized by transposition of the radial wrist extensor and flexor; this favors a better muscle balance.
Development of context-specific dietary guidelines for managing nutrition-related disease conditions among hospitalised patients in Tanzania
Authors:   , Kisighii Happyness
Published: November 2023

Barriers to adequate food intake among hospitalised patients with nutrition-related disease conditions such as diabetes, cancer, kidney disease, and hypertension, are multifactorial and complex. Due to this, these disease conditions require multi-level interventions, including a change in the attitude and improved awareness towards food among healthcare staff and hospitalised patients. The priority interventions need to be feasible in practice, particularly in terms of the availability, affordability, accessibility, and time. This can be successful when specific food-based dietary guidelines for each disease condition are in place. Unfortunately, specific dietary guidelines for managing nutrition-related chronic disease conditions among the hospitalised patients are currently not well established in Tanzania. This significantly contributes to delayed recovery of patients and increased economic burden to families and communities due to increased medical costs resulting from prolonged length of hospital stays, readmission, and mortality. Our study aimed to develop context-specific food-based dietary guidelines which favour healthy eating in the light of gut microbiome to guide health care professionals and nutritionists to make rational decisions in planning diets for these patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data on dietary intake, dietary patterns, food price and availability to inform the formulation of specific food-based dietary guidelines for hospitalised patients in Tanzania. Moreover, a 7-day weighed food record (WFR) was used to assess dietary intake data among 400 hospitalised patients with nutrition-related chronic diseases. Likewise, data on prices of commonly consumed foods were obtained from hospitals’ requisition books, nearby markets and shops. Furthermore, a linear goal programming was used to optimize dietary intake patterns for hospitalised patients with nutrition-related disease conditions by developing food-based dietary guidelines based on the study’s context. The analysis showed that whole grains mainly dominated the observed hospital dietary patterns. However, diet optimization using linear programming (LP) provided adequate dietary patterns with nutrient-dense foods for each food group. The LP findings informed the process of formulating context-specific optimal dietary guidelines that use culturally acceptable food ingredients, and which favour healthy eating in the light of gut microbiota for managing nutrition-related chronic diseases for hospitalised patients.
Morphological and physiological responses of the invasive plant gutenbergia cordifolia to varying biophysical conditions
Authors:   , Nyarobi Herieth
Published: November 2023

This study assessed the effects of varying water stress levels on morphological and physiological traits of an invasive plant Gutenbergia cordifolia (G. cordifolia) under field and screen house conditions and the responses of these traits on performance G. cordifolia under long and short rain seasons in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. The water stress level assessment was conducted in the screen house at the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) following a completely randomized design (CRD) while field assessment was conducted in Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA). While the maximum and minimum plant heights in the screen house experiment were observed under flood and drought water stress, respectively, the maximum and minimum root collar diameter (RCD) were observed under moderate flood and drought water stress, respectively. Generally, the number of leaves was highest under moderate flood stress and lowest under drought stress. The largest and smallest leaf surface areas (LSA) were observed in flood and drought water stress conditions, respectively. While a decrease in leaf chlorophyll was observed under drought water stress, an increase in leaf anthocyanin levels was observed under flood stress. In comparing field and screen house traits; both maximum G. cordifolia height and highest number of leaves were observed under screen house. While the largest and smallest LSA were observed in the field condition and screen house respectively, both the maximum root and shoot fresh and dry weights were observed under field condition. Both leaf anthocyanin and chlorophyll were higher under field compare to screen house. While both the maximum height and the largest RCD were observed during long rain season the highest number of leaves per plant was observed during short rain. Both highest root fresh and dry weight were observed during long rain. The maximum leaf chlorophyll level was observed during short rain season while the minimum was observed during long rain season. The findings from this study indicate that the establishment and spread of G. cordifolia is likely to be favoured by projected East African rainfall (2050-2100) as suggested by Platts et al. (2015) and inform conservation and management authorities on how growth and performance is likely to be in the future under changing climate and the need of integrating this information in its future management strategies. The study further suggests that efforts to minimize impacts of an invasive G. cordifolia in a changing climate must include a good understanding of G. cordifolia behaviour under extreme events so as to prepare effective management strategies and actions.
Effects of selected management practices of gutenbergia cordifolia on insect flower visitation at Mwiba area, Tanzania
Authors:   , Mbundi Mecklina
Published: November 2023

While only few studies have presented the effect of invasive plant species on insect visitors, even less is documented about how management practices against invasive plants may impact plant pollinator networks. The study assessed how natural versus chemical-based management practices against the native invasive plant Gutenbergia cordifolia affected insect flower visitation in Mwiba area by comparing the number of insect visitors, insect species diversity and richness, the number of flowers visited, flower abundance, and diversity across treatments of Desmodium uncinatum crude leaves extract (DUL), the chemical Glyphosate (GLY), and none (Control; CON). After treatments, DUL plots had about one-third higher numbers of insects visitors compared to CON and GLY plots (F2,159 = 9.521, df = 2, p = 0.009), including higher species diversity and richness of bee in DUL than in GLY and CON (F2,12 = 5.497, df = 2, p = 0.020; F2,12 = 21.810, df = 2, p < 0.001 respectively). Further, DUL plots had almost twice as many flowers visited compared to CON and GLY plots (F2,159 = 21.595, df = 2, p < 0.001). Flower abundance was higher in DUL plots compared to CON and GLY as was flower diversity (χ 2 = 7.460, df = 2, p = 0.024; F2,12 = 3.963, df = 2, p = 0.048, respectively). Generally, this study discovered that DUL treatment did not disturb insect flower visitation while GLY strongly did; instead, DUL attracted more insect flower visitors. It is hereby concluded that using the natural plant extract treatment is highly preferable to the chemical management of invasive plant G. cordifolia.
Formulation of functional beverage from a blend of baobab (adansonia-digitata), pineapple (comosus ananas) and black-plum (syzygium cumini) fruits
Authors:   , Adedokun Tawakalt
Published: November 2023

Several under-utilized tropical fruits have essential micronutrients and phytochemical composition with the potential to contribute to the nutrition of people in many poor communities where they are grown. This study was carried out to investigate the use of juice blends of baobab, pineapple, and black-plum fruits as functional beverages for human benefits. To understand potential consumers’ unmet need for healthy drinks, a knowledge, attitude, and consumption pattern (KAP) survey was conducted and it was revealed that most (85%) of the 151 participants seek affordable healthy beverages from a blend of juices with moderate sweetness and flavor. Pasteurized juice blends of baobab, pineapple, and black-plum fruits were analyzed for physicochemical, antioxidant, sensory properties, mineral compositions, and storage stability at 4°C for 4 weeks. The results showed that the vitamin C contents of individual juices synergistically contributed to the high values observed in the blends (317.45- 414.51 mg/L). Juice blends of baobab, pineapple, and black-plum fruits are good sources of calcium (57-153 mg/L), magnesium (71-130 mg/L), and antioxidants (ascorbic acid, total polyphenol contents (65-104 mg GAE/100 mL), scavenging ability (105.97-359.71 µmol TE/100 mL), and reducing potential (1376-1829 µMFe2+ L) the consumption of which can promote human health. Physicochemical parameters of juice blends were stable at refrigeration temperature (4°C) in the first two weeks; however, color change was observed towards the end of the fourth storage week. The formulated ready-to-drink (RTD) beverages compared well with a known market sample for sensory parameters with improved taste and consumer acceptability and showed good antioxidant potential although there was a relative decrease in vitamin C content during storage at both refrigeration and ambient temperatures. These findings reveal that baobab fruit pulp, pineapple, and back-plum fruits can be major ingredients in producing an antioxidant-rich functional beverage that meets the preferences of consumers.
C-reactive protein as a triage test in guiding who should get a confirmatory test for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis among adults: a case-control proof - of - concept study from urban Tanzania
Authors:   , Chiweka Evarist
Published: November 2023

The current screening tools for tuberculosis (TB) are inadequate resulting in insufficient TB case detection and continued community transmission of TB. As the world is geared into finding missing TB cases, new strategies are called for to aid in rapid identification of TB cases. This study aimed to evaluate the role C-reactive protein (CRP) in triaging patients to get a confirmatory test for active PTB diagnosis in urban Tanzania. A case-control study was conducted among PTB (PTB) patients and contacts without active PTB. The diagnosis of PTB was performed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and culture. Blood was collected from cases and controls for measuring CRP levels during recruitment. We compared socio-demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory parameters obtained during recruitment and performed diagnostic accuracy analyses for CRP. Out of all 193 study participants who were involved in final analysis, 147 (76.2%) were males. PTB cases had significantly lower median body mass index (BMI) than controls (median 17.4 kg/m2 [IQR: 15.8-19.2 kg/m2 ] vs., 24.9 kg/m2 [IQR: 22.1-28.5 kg/m2 ), p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) between PTB cases and controls i.e., 13.33% vs., 11.7%, p = 0.48. CRP was significantly higher in PTB cases vs., controls (median 67.8 mg/L, [IQR: 36.5- 116.9 mg/L] vs., 1.55 mg/L, [IQR: 0.59-6.0mg/L], p = 0.003). Furthermore, CRP at cut-off ≥ 10 mg/L was associated with adequate combination of sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of 89.9%, 95% CI: 82.2-95.0, 80.9%, 95% CI: 71.4-88.2 and 0.85, 95%CI: 0.80-0.90 respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for fever, night sweats and body mass index showed that CRP above 10 mg/L was significantly associated with PTB, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 5.2, 95% CI 1.2-22.8. C-reactive protein at cut-off ≥ 10 mg/L can be used to screen PTB. These findings can be utilized to improve TB screening algorithm by incorporating CRP in combination with TB symptoms to identify patients who need further confirmatory TB tests. However, additional prospective studies are required to support our findings and contribute into policy recommendations on use of CRP in a screening algorithm for PTB.
Characterization of plasmids in bacterial isolates in a tertiary health care facility in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania
Authors:   , Sengeruan Lameck
Published: November 2023

Plasmids are infectious extra-chromosomal DNA molecules found within bacteria. Their detection is important for guiding clinical treatment and controlling resistant disease outbreaks in hospital and community settings. Plasmids were characterized in bacterial isolates recovered from inpatient retrospective specimens admitted at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) from August 2013 to August 2015 in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; to determine their prevalence, effects on the risks of antibiotic resistance development and spread. Bacterial isolates were fully genome sequenced. The risk factors for infections with pathogens resistant to at least one antibiotic were examined using logistic regression models. Results showed that, 56.2% (159/283) of bacterial isolates were found to carry plasmids. Twenty-six (86.7%) multiple replicon plasmids and 4 (13.3%) single-replicon plasmids were found to carry both resistance and virulence genes. There was no statistically significant correlation found between the number of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in plasmids (r = -0.14, p > 0.05). Moreover, adjusted for other factors, lower odds of infection with pathogens resistant to at least one antibiotic for males (0.16 [95% CI, 0.05 - 0.49]; p= 0.001) was found. However, non-significant difference odds of carrying resistant pathogens was found between those transferred and non-transferred patients, and those sought and did not sought medical services. The findings show a relatively high proportion of plasmid-carrying isolates in the study area, suggesting selection pressure due to antibiotic use in the hospital. Co-occurrence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes found in the studied clinical isolates, affirming that this is a public health concern that needs an immediate attention.
Comparison of cone bioassay estimates at two laboratories with different anopheles mosquitoes for quality assurance of pyrethroid insecticide-treated nets
Authors:   , Mbwambo Stephen
Published: November 2023

This study explored utility of cone bioassays for pre-delivery quality assurance (QA) of pyrethroid insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) to test the assumption that cone bioassays are consistent across locations, mosquito strains, and laboratories. Double-blinded bioassays were conducted on 20 pyrethroid ITNs of four brands (100 nets, 5 subsamples per net) that had been delivered for mass distribution in Papua New Guinea (PNG) having passed pre-delivery inspections. Cone bioassays were performed on the same net pieces following World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines at the PNG Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR) using pyrethroid susceptible Anopheles farauti sensu stricto and at Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Tanzania using pyrethroid susceptible Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. Results from IHI and PNGIMR were compared using Spearman’s Rank correlation, Bland-Altman (BA) analysis and analysis of agreement. In cone bioassays, 13/20 nets (65%) at IHI and 8/20 (40%) at PNGIMR met WHO bio-efficacy criteria. Results from IHI and PNGIMR correlated on 60-minute knockdown (KD60) (rs= 0.6, p= 0.002, n=20) and 24-hour mortality (M24) (rs=0.9, p<0.0001, n=20) but BA showed systematic bias between the results. The agreement between the results to predict ITN failure was good with kappa=0.79 (0.53-1.00) and 90% accuracy. Based on these study findings, the WHO cone bioassay is a reproducible bioassay for ITNs with >80% M24, and for all ITNs provided inherent stochastic variation and systematic bias are accounted for. The 80% mortality (M24) threshold remains the most reliable indicator of pyrethroid ITN quality using pyrethroid susceptible mosquitoes. In the absence of alternative tests, cone bioassays could be used as part of pre-delivery QA.
Stability of ground states of nonlinear Schrodinger systems
Authors: Cely Liliana
Published: November 2023

In this article, we study existence and stability of ground states for a system of two coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations with logarithmic nonlinearity. Moreover, global well-posedness is verified for the Cauchy problem in \(H^{1}(\mathbb{R})\times H^{1}(\mathbb{R})\) and in an appropriate Orlicz space. For more information see https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/Volumes/2023/76/abstr.html
Teams of Rivals
Authors: von Csefalvay Chris
Published: November 2023

In the first four entries (1 2 3 4) of this sequence, I have focused primarily on what LLMs aren’t, can’t, won’t, wouldn’t and shouldn’t. It’s probably time to conclude this series by that much awaited moment in all stories, where the darkest night finally turns into a glorious dawn, where we finally arrive at the promised land, where we finally get to talk about what LLMs could be. What I see as the most successful potential model of
Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của loại xi măng đến sự phát triển cường độ và hình thành cấu trúc vi mô của vật liệu san lấp tái chế từ bùn nạo vét ao/hồ trong thành phố Hà Nội
Authors: Phạm Tri Thức , Phan Huy Đông , Nguyễn Thị Thanh Thủy
Published: November 2023

There are many countries in the world have recycled dredged mud as filling material. In Vietnam, some studies show that dredged mud can be recycled as filling material from cement PCB. This study is aimed at discussing the effect of chemical composition in cement on strength and microstructure of filling material (VSL material). A series of laboratory tests for evaluating the influence of chemical composition in cement such as: CaO, SO3, Al2O3 to strength of VSL material. In the tests, the main materials are West Lake mud, PCB cement and polymer with different ratios. The results show that soil strength is inversely proportional to CaO content and directly proportional to Al2O3, SO3 content. Moreover, the Scanning electron microscopy–SEM test evaluated the influence of cement and polymer to change in the microstructure of VSL material.
Phân tích sự khác nhau giữa các phương pháp xác định độ chặt tiêu chuẩn của đất trong phòng thí nghiệm
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Bé , Bùi Thị Ánh
Published: November 2023

For earthworks (house foundation, road, ....), the degree of compaction is the basic quality factor to ensure long-term stability and economic efficiency of the project. The higher the degree of compaction, the greater the building load capacity. However, the degree of compaction of the structure depends not only on the material, but also on equipment and compaction energy. For each type of material, the degree of compaction is expressed as the ratio of the actual applied dry volumetric mass achieved to the maximum dry volumetric mass of the same soil determined by the standard compaction test. standard in the laboratory. Therefore, laboratory tests to determine the standard compaction value must be studied to suit the compaction construction technology. Standard soil compaction in the laboratory is determined based on two main compaction devices: the standard Proctor device and the improved Proctor device.
Nghiên cứu khả năng ứng dụng máy kinh vĩ con quay để định hướng hầm trong thi công xây dựng đường hầm tàu điện ngầm bằng công nghệ TBM ở Việt Nam
Authors: Diêm Công Huy
Published: November 2023

This paper briefly presents the operation principle, the ability of application of gyrotheodolite to the tunnel orientation. The paper also presents a comparison of the accuracy between the traverse established with traditional method, measuring angles and sides, and the traverse inside the tunnel with azimuth of measured sides determined by gyrotheodolite. From the comparison, the advantages, disadvantages and the ability of application of the gyrotheodolite in order to ensure and improve the accuracy of the tunnel orientation when constructing the subway tunnel by TBM technology (Tunnel Boring Machine) in Vietnam were analyzed and evaluated.