bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vancomycin and high-level aminoglycoside resistance in Enterococcus species
Authors: Ozarslan Kurtgoz Seyda , Ozer Burcin , Inci Melek , Duran Nizami , Yula Erkan
Published: July 2016

The aim of the study was to investigate vancomycin and high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) in Enterococcus species by phenotypic and genotypic methods. A hundred Enterococcus strains were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of strains were investigated by automated system, betalactamase production was investigated by nitrocefin disks, vancomycin resistance and HLAR were investigated by gradient diffusion method (GDM) and disk diffusion method, respectively. For detection of vancomycin and high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) genes, polymerase chain reaction was used. Teicoplanin linezolid, vancomycin, ampicillin, penicillin are the most susceptible antibiotics and strains were detected not to produce beta lactamase. Vancomycin resistance was detected in ten isolates by automated system and in only five isolates by GDM. Five isolates carrying VanA gene were determined. The ratio of HLGR and high-level streptomycin resistance was found 40 and 63% respectively. aac (6’)-1eaph (2’’)-1a gene was detected in 58% of strains. E. faecium strains were found more resistant to the antibiotics than the other species. Beta lactamase was detected in none of strains. The automated system detected vancomycin resistance in more strains than GDM. Therefore it is concluded that strains, which were detected to be resistant to vancomycin, should be confirmed by GDM. The ratio of VanA gene in strains is consistent with other studies. The HLAR ratio was found in about half of strains. The ratio of aac(6’)-1e-aph(2’’)-1a gene, which is the most reported gene in our country and other countries and one of the HLGR genes investigated in our study, was detected 58%.
The size of the cervix and its relationship with age and parity
Authors: Harvey Marie-Andrée
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to determine whether cervical diameter changes with age, parity or hormonal status, as we postulate that the cervical size can influence pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POPQ) staging, as apical stage 0 assumes a cervical diameter of ≤2 cm. We reviewed all hysterectomies performed at a single university-affiliated hospital and compared ex vivo cervical diameter based on parity, menopausal status and hormonal exposure. Specimen results were available for 127 women, mean age 48 years (rage 24-89), half were parous. Most (83%) surgical indications were benign. Of the 77 women whose menopausal status was known, 25 were postmenopausal. The mean cervical diameter was greater in women <55 years [3.5 cm, 95% confidence interval (CI) (3.4-3.6) vs 2.8 cm 95%CI (2.7-2.9)]. Parity was also associated with greater cervical diameter [3.4 cm, 95%CI (3.2- 3.6) vs 3.0 cm 95%CI (2.7-3.3)]. Only three women had a cervix ≤2 cm. The cervical diameter is considerably larger in younger and parous women. Consequently, its size may, conceptually, affect the apical staging of POPQ. Such misclassification could obscure identification and affect interpretation of studies evaluating the natural history or outcomes following surgical treatment of prolapse.
Towards a global theology: Theological method and contextualisation
Authors: De Vries Brian A.
Published: July 2016

How should the cultural context influence theological formulation? This article examines contextualisation as it relates to theological method. After considering definitions and methods for formulating contextual theology, it applies the method in two areas: the missional activity of communicating the gospel in a particular cultural context, and the ecclesial activity of improving upon the theological confession of the local church. The author concludes by briefly considering the method with a global perspective.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Some traditions have failed to contextualise the biblical message, whereas other ministry practice has radically altered its message in an attempt to be contextually sensitive. Recent research has resulted in a confusing array of conflicting methods with drastically different practical applications. This article explores how theological method largely determines contextualisation, and it offers a method that is both faithful to the biblical text and sensitive to the contextual situation
Does the Christian worldview provide a place for the law of attraction? (Part 1): An apologetic evaluation of the roots of this doctrine
Authors: Maritz Dani�l J. , Stoker Henk G.
Published: July 2016

This article investigates the roots of the so-called spiritual law of attraction that some Christian preachers today describe as an important biblical law. One of the proponents of this idea, Pastor At Boshoff of the Christian Revival Church (CRC), refers in his sermons to the law of attraction as a powerful principle derived from the Word of God. This idea bears striking similarities to the positive confession doctrine as taught by popular Word of Faith preachers. The basic claim of this spiritual �law� is that human beings create their own future through their thoughts and words. The article shows the idea of a spiritual law of attraction as a New Age doctrine that flows from a New Age worldview. Preaching prosperity through the law of attraction is not in accordance with orthodox, historical Christianity or the Christian worldview.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article challenges the secular view that intangible thoughts and words can take on tangible reality. This is important since this secular idea is infiltrating the Christian church. It is already being preached as biblical although the roots thereof are clearly shown to originate from the New Age movement.
The Hard Edges of Soft Hyphens
Authors: Bauman Syd
Published: July 2016

At the WWP, end-of-line hyphens used by the typesetter to indicate “I ran out of room, so the rest of this word is continued on the next line” are encoded (somewhat problematically) with SOFT HYPHEN (U+00AD). Resolving those so that individual words that were split over a line break are reconstituted turns out to be very difficult. (At least, using XSLT.)
A catalog of Functional Programming idioms in XQuery 3.1
Authors: Fuller James
Published: July 2016

A wild rummage through the treasure chests of the highest towers and deepest vaults of Functional Programming revealing functional idioms in XQuery 3.1 form - memoisation, partitioning, currying, numerical methods, algebraic data types, grammar based parsing, constraint programming and more. Each idiom is presented as an answer to a common programming problem provided as a handy reference catalog. The exploration will end with a few examples of how easily functional idioms compose up to solve more complex problems.
focheck XSL-FO Validation Framework
Authors: Graham Tony
Published: July 2016

XSL-FO documents are typically generated by an XSLT transform and thus rarely edited by hand. However, validating XSL-FO markup can be a useful check of the correctness of the transformation. The focheck Validation Framework is an open source project that bundles a Relax NG Schema for validating the structure of FO files with Schematron rules for validating property expressions. Validation uses an expression parser generated as an XSLT program by the REx parser generator; Schematron rules are mostly autogenerated, using an XSLT stylesheet to extract property value definitions from the XML version of the XSL 1.1 Recommendation. Since its introduction in 2015, focheck has added extension formatting objects, properties specific to Antenna House Formatter V6.3, and some Schematron Quick Fixes (SQF). Both GitHub and Oxygen framework versions of focheck are available. See what it can do!
Extracting Funder and Grant Metadata from Journal Articles
Authors: Gross Mark , Bilitzky Tammy , Thorne Richard
Published: July 2016

Scientific, Technical, and Medical (STM) journal articles are an explosively growing data source with constantly increasing requirements for complex metadata. Newly important has been the identification of funding and grant data. It has become critical that publishers know the sources of funding for journal articles so that they can meet the associated open source distribution obligations and so that funding organizations can track publications associated with their funding. Managing this information manually is costly and often inaccurate.

Over the past few years, we have been working on enhancing techniques to extract various kinds of metadata automatically from scientific and legal documents. We report here on recent work to extract funding source and grant information from within STM journal articles.
SGML in the Age of XML
Authors: Harvey Betty
Published: July 2016

Today (2016!), there are organizations, especially in the military, who have SGML documents and/or requirements to meet SGML-based specifications. Given the unfashionability of SGML and the shrinking availability of SGML tools and SGML expertise, these organizations face significant challenges. How can they best approach the task of working with existing SGML document collections? What about a requirement to create SGML that will integrate cleanly into existing SGML document collections to be processed with existing SGML tools? What questions should someone facing an SGML requirement ask? What resources are they going to need? How much can they do with XML infrastructure to meet SGML requirements and where must they “cut over” to SGML? How should they make SGML if they really need to? How can they leverage XML tools while maintaining SGML source requirements?
From GitHub to GitHub with XProc: An approach to automate documentation for an open source project with XProc and the GitHub Web API
Authors: Kraetke Martin
Published: July 2016

For all too many developers, documentation comes last. The move from Subversion to Git provided the impetus to rethink storage of both code and documentation. It also provided an opportunity to use XSLT to harvest input for documentation from the code itself: XProc pipelines, XSLT transforms, XML Catalogs, and other sources. The process also allows the integration of human-generated documentation, such as tutorials written in DocBook. Final documentation is generated by more XSLT, which generates HTML pages which are committed with the source code to the GitHub repository.
Approximate CSS Styling in XSLT
Authors: Lumley John
Published: July 2016

This paper discusses transforming a CSS stylesheet into an XSLT transform that projects an approximation of the styling from the CSS onto a target XML document. It was developed during several XSLT-based projects involving multi-dialect XML documents, where there was a need either to evaluate CSS properties for another external tool, such as in an HTML → XSL-FO → PDF pipeline, or where a document styling needed to be “fixed” for embedding in another document, such as examples in professional papers. The paper presents examples, explains the general architecture of the generated XSLT transform, discusses how that transform is itself constructed from the CSS stylesheet and outlines the strengths and weaknesses and some of the directions in which the tool could be developed. It is approximate in that it only supports some of the core CSS features, assumes the user is “skilled in the art” and is working with CSS stylesheets that are understood and visible, and that the execution speed of the CSS “projection” is not an issue. Nevertheless, in the author's experience the ability to mix CSS styling into the “XSLT researcher's toolbox” has proved to be of some utility.
Tracking Toys (and Documents)
Authors: Nordström Ari
Published: July 2016

This paper is about naming and tracking documents. It's about identifying changes to them, and about the contexts where they are intended to be used. Formally, the paper suggests that three characteristics, a base identifier, a version and a rendition, are enough to sufficiently identify a document so its lifecycle can be fully tracked.

The paper addresses some of the concerns and issues commonly used to argue against this view, also taking a look at a real-life system that has put the principles into practice.
A MicroXPath for MicroXML (AKA A New, Simpler Way of Looking at XML Data Content)
Authors: Ogbuji Uche
Published: July 2016

There has always been tension in the development, and in the community reception of the XML stack of technologies, across the many poles of technology and philological interests which have been attracted by XML's success. For some XML was too spare for rich data applications, and needed additional support from schema systems and sophisticated query systems, culminating in XSLT 3.0 and XQuery. Others craved greater and greater simplicity, allergic to any constructs complicating things too far beyond the basis of elements, attributes and text. This latter camp came together in 2012 to create a MicroXML specification. MicroXML is a radical simplification, stripping away namespaces, syntactic quirks such as CDATA Sections, the various trappings of DTDs, and much more. Nevertheless, there is need for systems to process it, and these systems start with a basic data model of the MicroXML, and a basic language for processing documents using that data model. In other words, MicroXML needs an XPath.

Even XPath 1.0 is too complex for MicroXML, because of its handling of the many features removed from MicroXML. What's needed is a MicroXPath, which can be the basis of additional MicroXML processing technologies. This paper provides a straw man specification for MicroXPath, and includes a discussion of the technical considerations for MicroXPath, including differences from the W3C XPath recommendations, based on the differences between XML 1.0 and MicroXML.
Framing the Problem
Authors: Piez Wendell
Published: July 2016

The maturity of the XML technology stack has made it easier now than it has ever been to construct whole functional operating environments for an application, fit to purpose, with tools made to take advantage of the XML. How do we exploit this moment? In designing and building such workflows and environments, what considerations regarding user needs, end products, interim work states, validation needs, and constraints on the system need to be taken into account? How can we best take advantage of existing libraries, tools, specifications, and platforms? And how can we achieve and communicate a clear understanding of the framework we are constructing, as distinct from the tools, tool libraries, platforms and specifications which support it and help realize it?
Trials of the Late Roman Republic
Authors: Sperberg-McQueen C. M.
Published: July 2016

The Trials of the Late Roman Republic (TLRR) project is building an XML database with information about criminal and civil legal proceedings in the period 149 to 50 BC; it is a revision of a work first published in book form in 1991. TLRR is a SAND: a small, arcane, non-trivial dataset. It exhibits in acute form problems also seen in other XML projects and offers a convenient medium for experimenting with solutions to those problems, including partial and uncertain data, relatively heavy annotation of data by means of notes, potential links to other resources with information about people and other entities appearing in TLRR, a distributed project team, and sparse resources. The paper describes the initial translation of the data into XML form and the stepwise refinement of the markup, the creation of Web-based XML editing interfaces for the data, and the treatment of uncertain data in query interfaces.
XML in the air - How TTML can change the workflows for broadcast subtitles
Authors: Tai Andreas
Published: July 2016

Although broadcast TV subtitles are well established, digital production workflows are changing. Increasingly, the internet is a primary channel for distribution. Audio and video standards have already adapted, but changes to broadcast subtitle workflows are only just beginning. Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) is the leading contender to replace legacy subtitle file and transmission formats for digital and hybrid broadcasting. TTML is a format for authoring, exchange, and presentation of subtitles. Used at different stages in the workflow, TTML addresses some, but not all, of the current problems in media distribution. We examine how TTML succeeds and where it falls short. We view each shortcoming as an opportunity for further advancement. Whether it’s a question of adapting TTML to non-XML environments or encouraging broader use of XML technologies in new areas, there is much to learn from these efforts.
Graceful Tag Set Extension
Authors: Usdin B. Tommie , Lapeyre Deborah A. , Randall Laura , Beck Jeffrey
Published: July 2016

Tag Sets, or XML Vocabularies, are often created from other Tag Sets or Vocabularies. Users expect significant efficiencies from using derived or “based on” vocabularies, including the ability to intermingle the documents in databases, to use tools created for the original Tag Set with minimal additional work, and to adopt rendering/formatting applications and change only those aspects specific to the new vocabulary. Some model changes create compatible documents, which can interoperate with documents tagged to the source specification gracefully. Some model changes are disruptive. We discuss what types of changes can be integrated into existing XML environments and which may be disruptive.
The XML Expert's Path to Web Applications
Authors: Brüggemann-Klein Anne
Published: July 2016

Web applications offer a golden opportunity for domain experts who work with XML documents to leverage their domain expertise, their knowledge of document engineering principles, and their skills in XML technology. Current XML technologies provide a full stack of modeling languages, implementation languages, and tools for Web applications that is stable, platform independent, and based on open standards. Combining principles and proven practices from document and software engineering, we identify architectures, modeling techniques, and implementation strategies that let end-user developers who are conversant with XML technologies create their own Web applications.
The Kiln XML Publishing Framework
Authors: Caton Paul , Vieira Miguel
Published: July 2016

Kiln, previously known as xMod, is an open source multi-platform framework for building and deploying complex websites whose source content is primarily in TEI/XML. It brings together various independent software components into an integrated whole that provides the infrastructure and base functionality for such sites. Separation of roles is central to Kiln's design, allowing people with different backgrounds, knowledge and skills to work simultaneously on the same project without interfering with one another’s work. Developed and maintained at King’s College London it has been used to generate more than 50 websites for digital humanities research projects which have very different source materials and customised functionality.
Message Format Persistence in Large Enterprise Systems
Authors: Feldman Damon
Published: July 2016

It is more efficient to store messages as-is or with minimal modification than it is to develop a new (typically relational) schema to re-map and store the data in the messages. Yet, persistent models and message models have different needs, so naïve message persistence may not be ideal. We review the approach used in two enterprise integration efforts where XML message formats are directly or nearly-directly used to persist data and enable functions in the enterprise, avoiding costly and fragile mapping layers and the associated impedance mismatch.

We also make the general case that the message model is more critical to enterprise architecture (as distinct from system architecture) and should therefore be preeminent during enterprise design.

Actual integration efforts on the HealthCare.gov Data Services Hub and a large insurance provider are discussed, and simplified, non-proprietary example documents are used to illustrate the concepts concretely. We also review and define the Data Hub pattern for integrating data in the service of real-time, transactional loads that support service oriented communication across systems via messages.

The architectural implications of sharing message and persistent document structures, rather than using a separate persistence model, is far-reaching and affects multiple layers or “tiers” in the overall architecture. The extent of this change illustrates that NoSQL technology, which can store message-like persistent forms, drives a fundamentally different architectural approach rather than merely being another persistence option.
XQuery is not (just) a query language: Web application development with XQuery
Authors: Murray Gregory
Published: July 2016

XQuery is widely known as a query language for XML, but it’s also a full-fledged, functional programming language which, with a limited number of implementation-provided extensions, can serve in a web development context as both the query language and the programming language. When you have data in XML form that needs to be delivered in some way on the web, using XQuery as the server-side programming language has significant practical advantages. After briefly describing those advantages, this paper will lay out techniques for developing web applications in XQuery—techniques that will reduce complexity and help developers produce well-organized, testable, portable code that will be comparatively easy to build upon and maintain over time. Topics include using MVC, keeping functions testable, and facilitating code portability by using available standardizations like RESTXQ and by isolating implementation-specific functions into separate modules.
The Towuti Drilling Project: paleoenvironments, biological evolution, and geomicrobiology of a tropical Pacific lake
Authors: Russell James M. , Bijaksana Satria , Vogel Hendrik , Melles Martin , Kallmeyer Jens , Ariztegui Daniel , Crowe Sean , Fajar Silvia , Hafidz Abdul , Haffner Doug , Hasberg Ascelina , Ivory Sarah , Kelly Christopher , King John , Kirana Kartika , Morlock Marina , Noren Anders , O'Grady Ryan , Ordonez Luis , Stevenson Janelle , von Rintelen Thomas , Vuillemin Aurele , Watkinson Ian , Wattrus Nigel , Wicaksono Satrio , Wonik Thomas , Bauer Kohen , Deino Alan , Friese André , Henny Cynthia ,   Imran, Marwoto Ristiyanti , Ngkoimani La Ode , Nomosatryo Sulung , Safiuddin La Ode , Simister Rachel , Tamuntuan Gerald
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The Towuti Drilling Project (TDP) is an international research program, whose goal is to understand long-term environmental and climatic change in the tropical western Pacific, the impacts of geological and environmental changes on the biological evolution of aquatic taxa, and the geomicrobiology and biogeochemistry of metal-rich, ultramafic-hosted lake sediments through the scientific drilling of Lake Towuti, southern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Lake Towuti is a large tectonic lake at the downstream end of the Malili lake system, a chain of five highly biodiverse lakes that are among the oldest lakes in Southeast Asia. In 2015 we carried out a scientific drilling program on Lake Towuti using the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Deep Lakes Drilling System (DLDS). We recovered a total of  ∼ 1018 m of core from 11 drilling sites with water depths ranging from 156 to 200 m. Recovery averaged 91.7 %, and the maximum drilling depth was 175 m below the lake floor, penetrating the entire sedimentary infill of the basin. Initial data from core and borehole logging indicate that these cores record the evolution of a highly dynamic tectonic and limnological system, with clear indications of orbital-scale climate variability during the mid- to late Pleistocene.
Current Trends in Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Zehtab Mohammadjavad , Kaseb Mohammadhassan , Tahmasebi Mohammadnaghi , Firoozabadi Mohammad Ayati
Published: July 2016

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a commonly performed surgical procedure designed to alleviate knee pain and improve function in individuals with knee osteoarthritis the purpose of collecting the latest information and updating the reports is to summarize the published articles and inform the colleagues. In so doing, the articles published in American journals of arthroplasty and joint surgery and the proceedings of the conferences that were mostly held in 2004 have been utilized so that delicate and precise spotlights retrieved from scholars' breakthroughs can be applied in daily medical practices. It should be noted that this surgery is as much effective as cardiovascular bypass surgery in enhancing the quality of the patients' lives. Pain is one of the major problem for patients underwent Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA); appropriate pain management is a key factor that can result early to move, physiotherapy, and most importantly, patient satisfaction. Results of recent meta-analyses demonstrated that using COAS for TKA significantly reduced the relative risk of excessive implant misalignment by 25% compared TKA. Infection after total knee replacement (IATJ) is a rare complication. Gentamicin, tobramycin and vancomycin are good alternatives as thermoresistant agents.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Dispatching of Traumatic Brain Injuries in the Fifth Period at the RAJAIE Hospital in Ghachsaran
Authors: Alidadi Abouzar , Zaboli Rooholah , Abedi Razzagh , Soltanizarandi Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2016

INTRODUCTION: Increasing car accidents in young group and head-stroke mechanisms in developing countryis are the main cause of brain lesions and injuries related to trauma, so that traumatic severe brain lesions and injuries and uncontrollable hemorrhage are the major cause of mortality and morbidity due to trauma. Statistical analysis and factors along with main injuries can give us useful information in the field of injury management, patient dispatching management, proper scheduling, and patients dispatching to appropriate centers.

MATERIALS & METHODS: This research is a retrospective descriptive study with trend method in which data such as age, sex, mechanism of injury, severity of injuries, the kind of lesion, dispatching indications, patient accepting hospital, dispatching physician were extracted and analyzed by SPSS software in a five-year period from 2009-2013 using the files of patients referred to emergency department of Shahid Rajayi hospital of Gachsaran due to brain trauma.

RESULTS: From total 760 patients, 455 People (9.67%) were male, and 215 (1.32%) were female. The highest rate of dispatching has been related to the year 2012 with 213 (3.18%) People. The most prevalent age group was 20 to 45 years old with 308 people dispatched. The most common type of traumatic mechanisms was due to bikes and cars injuries (79.7%) and then other various factors such as: falling from height (16.9%) and dispute and contention (3.4%). 66.9 percents of these injuries were slight. There was significant relationship between distribution of lesions severity resulted from trauma and the kind of injury mechanism (p<0.0001).

CONCLUSION: according to the fact that  brain trauma injuries are more prevalent in patients within young age group and these injuries may be duplicated due to patients transmission and dispatching on a long and high-risk way, so some measures should be taken to provide required medical facilities and equipments and human forces for urban area hospitals, in order to reduce injuries due to brain trauma which involves mostly the young people who consist the most active potential forces of are our society.
Linguistic Knowledge Aspects in Academic Reading: Challenges and Deployed Strategies by English-Major Undergraduates at a Jordanian Institution of Higher Education
Authors: Albashtawi Abeer H , Jaganathan Paramaswari , Singh Manjet
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to investigate the linguistic knowledge aspect in academic reading, the challenges and the deployed strategies by English major undergraduates at a Jordanian institution of higher education. The importance of the study is attributed to the importance of the academic reading at university which is closely related to the academic achievement across the different academic disciplines. Data were collected by administering a questionnaire among English major students at the Hashemite University in the year 2016. The number of the respondents was 297. The data collected were analysed for its descriptive statistics, Post Hoc Tests, Scheffe Method, and frequency using the SPSS software. Cronbach’s alpha of the reliability coefficient was .93 to the difficulties of reading and .87 was to the strategies deployed by the students, which indicated high internal consistency reliability. Results showed that students faced difficulties related to their insufficient knowledge of text-structure, constructing meaning, and fluent reading. The study revealed that students most employed strategies were the metacognitive followed by the social ones. The cognitive strategies were the least to be used among the students. The study provided some pedagogical implications to be considered.
Multivariate Lagrange Interpolation at Sinc Points Error Estimation and Lebesgue Constant
Authors: Youssef Maha , El-Sharkawy Hany A. , Baumann Gerd
Published: July 2016

This paper gives an explicit construction of multivariate Lagrange interpolation at Sinc points. A nested operator formula for Lagrange interpolation over an $m$-dimensional region is introduced. For the nested Lagrange interpolation, a proof of the upper bound of the error is given showing that the error has an exponentially decaying behavior. For the uniform convergence the growth of the associated norms of the interpolation operator, i.e., the Lebesgue constant has to be taken into consideration. It turns out that this growth is of logarithmic nature $O((log n)^m)$. We compare the obtained Lebesgue constant bound with other well known bounds for Lebesgue constants using different set of points.
Asociaciones de Migrantes andinos en la web. Relevancia de redes virtuales en el establecimento de lazos comunitarios
Authors: Melella Cecilia
Published: July 2016

La revolución de las TIC de finales del siglo XX produjo transformaciones profundas que afectaron diversas prácticas sociales, entre ellas, las migraciones. En la Argentina, la presencia de las asociaciones de migrantes de países andinos en la Web ha provocado mayor visibilidad y ha contribuido al funcionamiento de las redes sociales de migrantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de los sitios Web de estas asociaciones sobre dos casos diferenciales. Los ecuatorianos quienes representan una migración joven hacia el país y los peruanos que constituyen una más asentada.ASOCIACIONES DE MIGRANTES ANDINOS EN LA WEB . RELEVANCIA DE REDES VIRTUALES EN EL ESTABLECIMIENTO DE LAZOSS COMUNITARIOSResumen: La revolución de las TIC de finales del siglo XX produjo transformaciones profundas que afectaron diversas prácticas sociales, entre ellas, las migraciones. En la Argentina, la presencia de las asociaciones de migrantes de países andinos en la Web ha provocado mayor visibilidad y ha contribuido al funcionamiento de las redes sociales de migrantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de los sitios Web de estas asociaciones sobre dos casos diferenciales. Los ecuatorianos quienes representan una migración joven hacia el país y los peruanos que constituyen una más asentada.Palabras clave: Internet, migraciones, países andinos, lazos comunitarios, asociacionesANDEAN MIGRANT ASSOCIATIONS ON WEB. THE RELEVANCE OF VIRTUAL NETWORKS IN ESTABLISHING COMMUNITY TIESAbstract: The revolution in ITC of the late twentieth century promoted deep changes in several social practices like migrations. The Web presence of Andean migrant associations in Argentina has contributed to the social networks of these groups. Thus, the objective of this work is the study of the websites of the associations of migrants from Andean countries in Argentina on two different cases. Ecuadorians who represent a younger migration to the country and Peruvians which are a more settled.Keywords:Internet, migration, Andean countries, community ties, associations
A TV Cultura e seu papel no processo de implantação da multiprogramação no Brasil
Authors: Cardoso Vivianne Lindsay , Cardoso Juliano Maurício
Published: July 2016

Nos últimos anos, entre as contribuições mais significativas da TV Cultura está a implantação da multiprogramação, por meio dos canais Univesp TV e Multicultura. Em um panorama histórico da implantação, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com referencial teórico da Economia Política da Comunicação e Cultura, identifica-se o a iniciativa como relevante para a implantação da televisão digital e a comunicação pública no Brasil.TV Cul tura y s u papel en la mul tiprogramación procesode impl antación en BrasilResumen: En los últimos años, entre las contribuciones más significativasde la TV Cultura es la implementación de multiprogramación, a través delos canales de televisión y Univesp Multicultura. En una visión histórica dela ejecución, a través de la investigación bibliográfica y documental, conel marco teórico de la Economía Política de la Comunicación y la Cultura,identifica la iniciativa sea pertinente para la aplicación de la comunicacióndigital y la televisión pública en Brasil.Palabras clave: Multiprogramación/Multicanalización; Televisión pública;Televisión digital; Políticas públicas de comunicaciones.TV Cultura and its ro le in m ul tiprogramming impl ementationprocess in BrazilAbstract: In recent years, among the most significant contributions of TVCultura is the implementation of multiprogramming, through UNIVESP TVand Multicultura channels. In a historical overview of the implementation,through bibliographical and documentary research, with theoretical frameworkof the Political Economy of Communication and Culture, the paperidentifies the initiative as relevant for the implementation of digitalcommunication and public television in Brazil.Keywords: Multiprogramming; Public Television; Digital TV; Public CommunicationsPolicy.
Dona de casa e da própria vida? Leituras sobre o trabalho feminino na publicidade por mulheres da nova classe trabalhadora
Authors: Oliveira-Cruz Milena Freire
Published: July 2016

No âmbito do campo da comunicação, trata-se de uma pesquisa com foco nas audiências filiadas aos Estudos Culturais. Portanto, aproxima-se das experiências vividas na cotidianidade pelos sujeitos para observar a conformação de suas identidades a partir da relação instituída entre comunicação e cultura. O estudo justifica-se pelas lacunas encontradas no campo da comunicação na articulação dos conceitos de classe e gênero como categorias analíticas, bem como pela necessária contribuição no âmbito dos estudos da recepção publicitária. A formulação teórica e analítica do objeto de estudo se dá pela articulação da teoria social de Pierre Bourdieu (em especial os conceitos de habitus de classe e de gênero) e a perspectiva das mediações de Jesus Martin-Barbero e do consumo midiático de Nestor Garcia Canclini. Dueña de c asa, dueña de la vida propia? L as lecturas de trabajo de la m ujer en la publicidad de las m ujeres de la nueva c lase o breraResumen: Esta tesis constituye un estudio de recepción de publicidad llevada a cabo en la ciudad de Santa Maria / RS, el cual fue dirigido a la comprensión de cómo las representaciones del trabajo delas mujeres presentes en la comunicación publicitaria son interpretadas por las mujeres de la nueva clase obrera y cómo estas representaciones colaboran para la conformación del habitus de clase y de género.Palabras clave: Recepción la publicidad; Consumo de los medios; Clase; Género; Trabajo de la mujer.Lady of the house, lady of her o wn? Studies on female labour in advertising by wom en from the new working classAbstract: This thesis is an advertising reception study, realized in the city of Santa Maria (RS, Brazil), that aims to understand the ways in which the representations of female labour in advertising are interpreted by women from the new working class as well as the ways in which such representations collaborate with their class and gender habitus.Keywords: Advertising Reception. Media Consumption. Class. Gender. Female Labour.
A circulação de sentidos em “Eu não mereço ser estuprada”: uma leitura do acontecimento midiatizado
Authors: Dias Marlon Santa Maria
Published: July 2016

Resumo: Este estudo investiga os modos emergentes de mobilização social engendrados em ambientes digitais e o seu caráter acontecimental. Objetivamos compreender, descrever e analisar como esses acontecimentos midiatizados são construídos. Nosso objeto empírico é a produção discursiva acerca da mobilização “Eu não mereço ser estuprada”. A metodologia se desenvolve como um estudo de caso aliado à análise semiológica.Palavras-chave: Midiatização. Acontecimento. Circulação. Discurso. Mobilização Anti-estupro.La circulación de sentidos en “Eu não mereço ser estuprada” (“No merezco ser violada”): una lectura del acontecimiento mediatizadoResumen: El presente estudio investiga las formas emergentes de movilización social engendradas en entornos digitales y su carácter de acontecimiento. Nuestro objetivo es comprender, describir y analizar cómo se construyen estos acontecimientos mediatizados. Nuestro objeto empírico es la producción discursiva de la movilización “Eu não mereço ser estuprada”. La metodología se desarrolla como un estudio de caso, junto con el análisis semiótico.Palabras-clave: Mediatización. Acontecimiento. Circulación. Discurso. Movilización Anti-violación.The circulation of meanings in “Eu não mereço ser estuprada” (“I don’t deserve to be raped”): a reading of the mediatized eventAbstract: The present study investigates emergent forms of social mobilization generated on digital environments and their eventful character. We aim at understanding, describing and analyzing how such mediatized events are built. Our empirical object is the discursive production concerning the mobilization “Eu não mereço ser estuprada”. The methodology develops as a case study combined with a semiological analysis.Key words: Midiatization. Event. Circulation. Discourse. Anti-raping Mobilization.
Attentional Factors Involved in Learning in the First Grade
Authors: Bigozzi Lucia , Grazi Amanda , Pezzica Sara
Published: July 2016

In the school population, attentional problems are one of the most frequent causes of failure in learning; sometimes these take the form of a specific deficit and in other cases an attention disorder occurs in comorbidity with a learning disorder. It seems crucial to focus on what peculiar characteristics of attention are involved in basic learning in order to contribute to the diagnostic order and to arrange paths of development.
This research aims to verify the weight of the different components of attention involved in the outcomes of the first stages of learning.
A total of 69 children (34 males and 35 females, aged 6.4±1.1 years and 7.3±1.2 years respectively) in first grade, participated in the study. The results of the correlational analysis carried out show that there are specific significant relationships between the various components of attention and performance in reading, writing and calculation. In particular, visual attention appears to be the aspect most involved in the initial development of the learning of these three abilities.
Factorial analysis shows a single factor involved in the learning of reading, writing and calculation: “Rapid Visual Attention”. The processes identified in the factor are: Selective Attention, Visual Selective Attention, Shifting Focus, Focused Attention, Planning and Inhibition. This factor is characterised by speed in Selective/Sustained Visual Attention and this explains the role of attention in success in reading, writing and calculation in the early stages of school learning.
The Rapid Visual Attention Factor contributes to rapidity in reading, speed in writing and numerical knowledge in first grade children, confirming the causal relationship between visual attention and initial learning in this age group. This “Rapid Visual Attention” Factor may be crucial in accounting for the comorbidity between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disabilities.
Impact of Physical Activity on Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Claire Toulotte , Isabelle Caby , Hélène Olivier , Nicolas Olivier
Published: July 2016

Purpose: To study the effects of physical training on behavior and balance issues in elderly people afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease.
Method: Forty patients (average age: 80 years old) participated in the study. The individuals were placed into two groups: a control group, which did not participate in any kind of training, and a trained group, which followed an eight-week training program. The training program comprised 2–3 sessions of light physical activity or walking per week; each session had an average duration of 15–55 min. Before (T1) and after (T2) the training program, an assessment of the psychical, psychological, physical, and functional parameters was conducted.
Results: Upon completion of the physical training program, there was a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the Tinetti test (T1: 19.5 ± 4.2 s; T2: 20.1 ± 4.1 s), a significant decrease in the completion time of the “get up and go” track for all of the participants (T1: 23.1 ± 8.1 s; T2: 19.5 ± 6.1 s), and a significant reduction in the seriousness of the behavioral issues observed.
Conclusion: This preliminary study revealed that physical training had an overall beneficial impact on Alzheimer’s patients, especially on their behavior and balance.
Factor Structure of the Bulgarian CAST: (Childhood Autism Spectrum Test)
Authors: Vulchanova Mila , Djalev Liubomir , Stankova Margarita , Vulchanov Valentin , Allison Carrie , Baron-Cohen Simon
Published: July 2016

The number of studies addressing the latent structure of specific screening and diagnostic tools for autism spectrum conditions is still limited. The current study explored the latent structure of the Bulgarian CAST (Childhood Autism Spectrum Test) in screening for autism in the Bulgarian population. The data were analysed using factor analyses. A hierarchical model with two primary factors yielded best data fit. This structure is consistent with the two main categories adopted in the DSM-5 and current accounts of the range of conditions broadly falling into two main clusters of symptoms. These results confirm the validity of CAST as a tool for screening for autism spectrum conditions in other cultures and support the construct validity of the model and criteria included in the DSM-5. Furthermore, our results demonstrate how factor analysis can be exploited to reveal the underlying structure of screening tools aimed at capturing the behavioural traits of deficit phenotypes.
Charles Darwin and ideology: Rethinking the Darwinian revolution
Authors: Browne Janet
Published: July 2016

This short paper critiques the idea of any coherent Darwinian ideology. Charles Darwin himself did not adopt any obvious ideology, except perhaps that of anti-slavery. However, his published work, and that of other evolutionists, led to the emergence of social Darwinism. Herbert Spencer’s role in fostering social Darwinism, and the rise of eugenics, are briefly described. The connection, if any, between the historical figure of Darwin and the social movement that bears his name is discussed. While Darwin’s On the origin of species or The descent of man can hardly account for all the racial stereotyping, nationalism, or political bigotry seen in the half century after his death, there can be no denying the impact of his work in providing an authoritative biological backing for eugenics, colonial belligerence, and western notions of racial superiority.
Tuning the MYC response
Authors: Zheng Ying , Levens David
Published: July 2016

Altering the ability of the MYC transcription factor to bind to individual genes can customize the global gene expression output of cells.
Dropping behaviour of pea aphid nymphs increases their development time and reduces their reproductive capacity as adults
Authors: Agabiti Barbara , Wassenaar Roxanne J. , Winder Linton
Published: July 2016

Background.Many aphid species, including the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum, exhibit a behaviour where they drop or fall from their host plant, a commonly used strategy to avoid predation, parasitism or physical disturbance. We hypothesised that there was a physiological non-consumptive cost due to such dropping behaviour because aphids would expend energy re-establishing themselves on a host plant and also lose feeding time.

Methods.We evaluated this non-consumptive cost by determining the development time and reproductive potential of pea aphids that whilst developing as nymphs had regularly dropped to the ground following dislodgment from their host plant. Using a microcosm approach, in a replicated and balanced laboratory experiment, we caused aphid dropping behaviour by tapping the plants on which they were feeding.

Results.The results demonstrated that disturbance by dropping behaviour increased nymphal development time and reduced their subsequent reproductive capacity as adults.

Discussion.We conclude that dropping behaviour had a strong negative effect on the development of nymphs and their subsequent reproductive capacity. This implies that the physiological cost of such a behaviour choice is substantial, and that such avoidance strategies require a trade-off which reduces the capacity of a population to increase.
Further evidence of Chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) latency: high levels of ChHV5 DNA detected in clinically healthy marine turtles
Authors: Alfaro-Núñez Alonzo , Bojesen Anders Miki , Bertelsen Mads F. , Wales Nathan , Balazs George H. , Gilbert M. Thomas P.
Published: July 2016

The Chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) has been consistently associated with fibropapillomatosis (FP), a transmissible neoplastic disease of marine turtles. Whether ChHV5 plays a causal role remains debated, partly because while FP tumours have been clearly documented to contain high concentrations of ChHV5 DNA, recent PCR-based studies have demonstrated that large proportions of asymptomatic marine turtles are also carriers of ChHV5. We used a real-time PCR assay to quantify the levels of ChHV5 GlycoproteinB(gB) DNA in both tumour and non-tumour skin tissues, from clinically affected and healthy turtles drawn from distant ocean basins across four species. In agreement with previous studies, higher ratios of viral to host DNA were consistently observed in tumour versus non-tumour tissues in turtles with FP. Unexpectedly however, the levels of ChHV5 gBDNA in clinically healthy turtles were significantly higher than in non-tumour tissues from FP positive turtles. Thus, a large proportion of clinically healthy sea turtle populations worldwide across species carry ChHV5 gBDNA presumably through persistent latent infections. ChHV5 appears to be ubiquitous regardless of the animals’ clinical conditions. Hence, these results support the theory that ChHV5 is a near ubiquitous virus with latency characteristics requiring co-factors, possibly environmental or immune related, to induce FP.
Editorial
Authors: Zavala Cepeda José Manuel
Published: July 2016

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