bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationships between the root-crown ratio and the loss of occlusal contact and high mandibular plane angle in patients with open bite
Authors: Uehara Sawako , Maeda Aya , Tomonari Hiroshi , Miyawaki Shouichi
Published: August 2012

Objective:

To determine the root-crown (R/C) ratio and dental root length of teeth in patients with open bite and seek any relationships with occlusal contact (OC) and the mandibular plane (Mp) angle.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-one patients with open bite with negative overbite of at least four anterior teeth and 31 control patients with clinically normal overjet and overbite were enrolled. R/C ratios, dental root length, OC, and Mp angle were measured using panoramic radiographs, dental casts, and cephalograms, respectively. Mean differences between the groups, and variations between the R/C ratio or root length and Mp angle in patients with open bite were statistically analyzed.

Results:

R/C and OC ratios from the incisors to premolars were significantly lower for patients with open bite than for controls, and some teeth had short dental roots. Relationships between low R/C ratio or root length and high Mp angle were significant in patients with open bite.

Conclusion:

Patients with open bite, especially those with a high Mp angle, have an unfavorable R/C ratio and short dental roots in some teeth, which may be related to the loss of OC.
Efficacy of Equal Volume of Ringer Lactate Versus 3.5% Polymer of Degraded Gelatine Solution (Haemaccel) as Preloading Fluid for Prevention of Hypotension after Spinal Anaesthesia for Lower Segment Cesarean Section
Authors: Kunwar BR , Bhattacharyya P , KC NB
Published: August 2012

Introduction: Systemic hypotension is frequently and immediately seen after spinal anaesthesia. Historically Ringer lactate is used to substitute the acute relative volume loss after spinal anesthesia, although it remains in intravenous circulation for a short period. The preloading with 5% albumin and gelatine have become popular and effective as they remain intravascular for a longer duration providing sustained normotension. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of equal volume of Ringer lactate and Haemaccel as a preloading fluid for the prevention of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing Lower Segment Cesarean Section. Methods: This was a prospective comparative study in which Patients were randomly allocated in to Group A and group. Group A patients were preloaded with Ringer lactate 10ml/kg body weight and Group B were preloaded with Haemaccel 10 ml/kg body weight within a period of 5-10 minutes before spinal anaesthesia. After giving the block, blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean) were recorded every 2.5 minutes for initial 20 minutes and every 5 minutes during the rest of the period of surgery. Onset of hypotension along with other parameters were recorded and analysed using SPSS ver. 13. Results: All together 100 patients were enrolled in the study, 50 in Group A (Ringer lactate) and 50 in Group B (Haemaccel). The episodses of hypotension was higher in patients who received Ringer lactate as preloading fluid than who received haemaccel as preloading fluid (42% versus 24%). Conclusion: Preloading with Haemaccel gives better hemodynamic stability and lesser incidence of hypotension than that of Ringer lactate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i1.6405 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Jan-June 2011 10(1) 1-5
A Comparative Evaluation of Rotator Cuff Injuries of the Shoulder Joint using High Resolution Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Shrestha MS , Alam A
Published: August 2012

Introduction: Pathology of the rotator cuff is the cause of most common problems at the shoulder joint and accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate management. High-resolution real-time ultrasonography and MRI are successful imaging modalities for both rotator cuff and non–rotator cuff disorders and have important implications in the management of rotator cuff pathologies. This study was conducted to Compare the results obtained after the evaluation of rotator cuff injuries of shoulder joint by high resolution Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Methods: 50 patients with suspected rotator cuff injuries of the shoulder joint were included in this study over a period of 2years. Patients had presented with various complaints like prolonged pain in the shoulder joint with stiffness, restriction and difficulty in movement of the shoulder joint, traumatic injuries and recurrent dislocations of the shoulder joints. Results: Mean age was 41.6years ( range 15-80 ).Maximum patients were between 41-50 years (24%). 29 were males and 21 were females. In our study diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in rotator cuff tears was 57. 14% for full thickness tears and 58.33 for partial thickness tears. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detection of complete tear of the supraspinatus muscle was 57.14% while that of MRI was 100%. Conclusion: High resolution Ultrasound being a dynamic study can be used as the first-line investigation for rotator cuff tear. Full-thickness rotator cuff tears can be identified using ultrasound and MRI with comparable accuracy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i1.6443 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Jan-June 2011 10(1) 9-14
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy at Shree Birendra Hospital
Authors: Malla S , Rawal SB , Giri NK
Published: August 2012

Introduction: Since its introduction in Shree Birendra Hospital, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has gradually replaced its open counterpart. Along with its superior results, surgeons had to deal with the difficult challenges of managing bile duct injuries. Methods: A prospective study of all laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in the General surgical unit of Shree Birendra Hospital from January 2003 to December 2010 was carried out from case records in a separate register kept for laparoscopic surgeries. Results: Out of the total number of 786 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the study period, 21 (2.67%) required conversion to open procedure with the most common indication being unclear anatomy at Calot’s triangle. There were 14 major post operative complications (1.78%) with bile duct injuries occurring in 7 patients (0.89%). Among these injuries, 3 injuries were recognized during the primary operation. Laparotomy with t tube placement for 6 weeks was the mode of treatment in 2 patients with Strasberg type D injuries detected post operatively. Delayed repair after 3 months were carried out in 2 injuries- one hepaticojejunostomy (Type E2) and the other required anastamosis to the left hepatic duct (Type E3). In follow up, these patients have remained aniciteric and comfortable so far. Conclusion: Bile duct injuries continue to remain a major morbidity factor in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and its management a challenge to the surgeon. Though repair in a specialized hepatobiliary center is recommended, in the absence of such center in our country, it is being done in SBH with good results. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i1.6444 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Jan-June 2011 10(1) 15-19
Prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Nepal Army and its Dependants
Authors: Khatri R , Roka K
Published: August 2012

Introduction: The Asia Pacific Region is currently at the “tip of iceberg” phase of the HIV/AIDS epidemic after African countries causing irreparable economic damage and undermining national and regional security if left unattended. HIV/AIDS remains a serious national concern and potential for epidemic relapse is high1. Continued vigilance is important. Study of the Prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Nepal Army (NA) and its dependants is based on the data collected from various sources to highlight the importance of ongoing measures plus the need of effective programs against HIV/AIDS control. Methods: This is a descriptive study and data are derived from February 1996 to March 2011 from the different sources. National Guideline for testing of HIV in Nepal, developed in 2003 was used for the diagnosis of the cases by blood tests in Birendra Hospital, Chhauni. Results: Total of 116 cases was diagnosed HIV positive. Maximum number of HIV positive cases was diagnosed in the year 2010 as compared to other years since 1996 and for the year 2011 till the month of March. The positive cases diagnosed from army personnel in UN Mission and blood donation programs accounted for 0.02% and 0.09% respectively. And from the surgical patients in the army hospital, 0.18% cases were diagnosed positive. From the year 2006 to 2010, 0.38% cases were diagnosed as positive among the voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) volunteers. Conclusion: HIV is a threat to the army, behaviour change and prevention is the key and it needs to be adapted to the best. Intensive training, massive awareness programs and behavioural issues start at the recruit level and need to be reinforced prior and during deployment with regular monitoring of the soldiers activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i1.6445 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Jan-June 2011 10(1) 20-25
Clinicopathological Analysis of Ovarian Tumours at Birendra Military Hospital
Authors: Khatri R
Published: August 2012

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the second most common genital tract malignancy accounting for 25% gynaecological malignancy. This study was conducted to determine the incidence, epidemiological factors and clinical presentation of different types of ovarian tumours their correlation with histopathology. Methods: This is a descriptive study conducted in Birendra Military Hospital over a period of 2 years. The case records of all the patients with ovarian tumur was analyzed. Results: Of the total of 135 adnexal masses cases 100 (74.07%) were found to be histologically proven ovarian tumour out of which 35 were non neoplastic conditions. Benign tumours comprised of 68 (68%) and 32 (32%) were malignant and borderline.Mature cystic teratoma 28 (75%) was the commonest benign tumour, whereas serous cystadenocarcinoma 13 (64.3%) were commonest malignancy. Age varying from 2.5 yrs. To 70 yrs. Smallest tumour size was 2.5 cm. largest was 40 cm. Commonest symptom was abdominal discomfort and most common sign was abdominal lump. Malignancy usually presented with ascites especially epithelial ovarian tumours. Germ cell tumour was observed in younger age group in earlier stage. Conclusion: The commonest ovarian tumor was epithelial followed by germcell. Mature cystic teratoma was the most common benign tumour and malignant was serous cyst adenocarcinoma. Epithelial ovarian tumour prevalent in perimenopausal and postmenopausal age group whereas germ cell in earlier age. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i1.6446 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Jan-June 2011 10(1) 26-31
GIST of Mesocolon: A Case Report
Authors: Malla S , Rawal SB , Giri NK
Published: August 2012

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) is a rare soft tissue tumor and a GIST arising from the mesocolon is even rarer and sparsely reported in the world literature. Herein we report one such case that we encountered in our clinical practice and review the literature on the management of such a rare case. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i1.6448 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Jan-June 2011 10(1) 37-39
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Fusarium oxysporum Sch. Isolated From Guava Wilt in Bangladesh
Authors: Hussain M Zakir , Rahman MA , Islam Mohammad Nurul , Latif MA , Bashar MA
Published: August 2012

Wilt of guava plants (Psidium guajava L.) is a serious disease in Bangladesh. Sixteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum Sch. were collected from the root and stem fragments of guava plants growing in six districts of Bangladesh. Species identity was based on the colony character, nature of conidiogenous cell, morphology of microconidia, macroconidia and chlamydospores. Eleven isolates were confirmed as F. oxysporum through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species specific primers designed from the conserved regions of 18S rRNA gene. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11082 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(1): 49-54, 2012 (June)
Bacteriological and Physicochemical Water Quality of Four Ponds of Dhaka Metropolis
Authors: Saha Mihir Lal , Nessa Meherun , Khan Mahbubar Rahman , Islam Mohammad Nurul , Hoque Sirajul
Published: August 2012

The aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count of four pond water samples ranged between 6.92×104 and 1.72×106cfu/100 ml. The highest count (1.72×106 cfu/100 ml) was recorded in Zahurul Haq Hall pond water.Enteric bacterial count was found in between 1.69×104 and 3.31×105 cfu/100ml in water samples. A total of 79 isolates were obtained of which 24 were randomly selected for further study. Among them Bacillus, Micrococcus and Planococcus were Gram-positive, while Escherichia, Enterobacter and Klebsiella were Gram-negative. Physicochemical parameters of the ponds satisfied water quality standards except NH4+-N. Among the ponds, CODCr and BOD5 values of the water samples were 18.29-19.75 mg/l and 3.18-6.05 mg/l, respectively. Most of the Gram negative bacteria were found to be multi drug resistant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11083 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(1): 55-60, 2012 (June)
Fungi Associated With Rotten Fruits in Dhaka Metropolis
Authors: Bashar MA , Shamsi S , Hossain M
Published: August 2012

A total of 18 species of fungi representing nine genera were found to be associated    with the rotten fruits collected from the markets of Dhaka metropolis. The fungi    isolated from the fruits were Alternaria alternata ( Fr.) Keissler, Alternaria sp.,    Aspergillus flavus Link., A. niger Van Tiegh, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. terreus Thorn,    Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc, Colletotrichum sp.1, Colletotrichum sp.2,    Curvularia brachyspora Boedijn, C. clavata Jain, Curvularia sp., Fusarium oxysporum Sch., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenberg, Rhizopus sp., Syncephalastrum sp. and Trichoderma sp. Apergillus niger was found to be associated as the predominant    fungus with the rotten fruits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11090 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(1): 115-117, 2012 (June)
How big a challenge to initiate three basic infection control practices in hospitals of Bangladesh?
Authors: Hasan Zahidul
Published: August 2012

Not  availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10763
Identification of Hookworm Species in Stool By Harada Mori Culture
Authors: Shahid Sazzad Bin , Chowdhury A , Shamsuzzaman S M , Mamun K Z
Published: August 2012

This cross sectional study was done from January 2009 to June 2010 in Microbiology department of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka to identify hookworm species and to compare different laboratory methods for diagnosis of hookworm infections. Among the 375 stool samples evaluated, 26 (6.93%) samples were positive for hookworms. Ankylostoma duodenale were 3 (11.50%) and Necator americanus were 23 (88.50%). Harada Mori culture was found as the most effective method for detection of hookworms.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10821
Low Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis G Virus Among the Risk Groups and Healthy Population of Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiqua Mahmuda , Nawsher A A , Tabassum S , Islam M N
Published: August 2012

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a RNA virus, which was identified in 1995-1996 as a transfusion transmissible virus and is associated with acute or chronic hepatitis. The sero-prevalence of hepatitis G virus was evaluated among various risk groups and healthy controls from Bangladesh.A total of 252 subjects comprising of Intra-venous drug users (n-40), commercial sex workers (n-30), multiply transfused patients (n-62), hemodialysis patients (n-30), anti HCV positive patients (n-30), anti HIV positive patients (n-30) and healthy population (n-30) were included in this study. Antibody to hepatitis G virus E-2 protein was detected in the serum by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall antibody prevalence of HGV was 3.2%. The highest prevalence (10%) was observed among commercial sex workers, followed by intra-venous drug users (5%). The lowest prevalence (3.3%) was observed among each of the groups of hemodialysis patients, anti-HCV positive patients and anti-HIV positive patients. Anti-HGV antibody was not detected among any subjects from the control group. Epidemiologic data indicate that HGV is prevalent in risk groups though at very low prevalence.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10822
Detection of resistance gene marker intl1 and antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli isolated from surgical site wound infection in Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital
Authors: Murshed Mohammad , Shahnaz Sabeena , Malek Mohammad Abdul
Published: August 2012

This study was carried out to determine the presence of resistance gene intl1 in E. coli isolated from surgical site wound infection in Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital. A total of 90 samples were collected from the different wound sites of patients admitted in surgical ward. The most predominant organism was E. coli 48(53.33%); followed by S. aureus 23(25.56%) and Pseudomonas 12(13.33%). Most of the isolated strains of E. coli were multidrug resistant. 46(96%) strains were shown resistant to ampicillin and most potent drug against E. coli was found to be imepenem. The extended spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli were 21(43.75%).The resistance gene marker intl1 was detected in 32(67%) E. coli isolates.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10827
Microbiology Of Nosocomial Infection In Tertiary Hospitals Of Dhaka City And Its Impact
Authors: Mohiuddin Md. , Haq J. Ashraful , Hoq Md Mozammel , Huq Farida
Published: August 2012

Nosocomial infection is an endemic problem encountered in hospitalized patients all over the world including Bangladesh. The present prospective study was carried out on 152 patients who were admitted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital and BIRDEM Hospital over a two years period to determine the organisms responsible for nosocomial infection, their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, sources and the impact of hospital infection on patient management. Samples were collected from postoperative wounds, post catheterized urinary tract infection (UTI) and diabetic wounds. The patients without postoperative wound infection were taken as control group. To trace the sources of infection the samples from the different objects of the hospital environment were studied. The collected samples were cultured and isolated organisms were identified by colony morphology, gram staining and necessary biochemical tests. The identified organisms were tested for antibiogram pattern and plasmid profile. The predominating organisms responsible for nosocomial infection were Esch.coli (55.9%). The other organisms were Pseudomonas sp. (33.3%), Proteus sp. (12.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (5.9%), Klebsiella sp. (4.9%) and Acinatobacter sp. (3.9%). The isolated organism showed high level of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The resistance of the organisms markedly increased with the hospital stay. The hospital stay of the infected cases was significantly (p<0.01) longer compared to non-infected cases. The cases which had infection with multiple organisms had longer hospital stay than that of cases infected with single organism. No clear association was observed between organisms isolated from hospital environment and infected cases. The study revealed the microbiology of hospital acquired infection in tertiary hospitals and its influence on patient management.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10830
Laboratory Diagnosis of CMV Infection: A Review
Authors: Jahan Munira
Published: August 2012

No Abstract  availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10831
Intestinal Myiasis Due to Musca domestica: A Case Report
Authors: Barua Ripon , Sattar Naser Ibn , Saleh Ahmed Abu
Published: August 2012

Puerperal sepsis is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study was Myiasis is the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous larvae, which at least for a period, feed on the host's dead or living tissue, liquid body substances, or ingested food. Intestinal myiasis is usually an accidental phenomenon, which occurs due to the ingestion of eggs or larvae present in food. Usually the patient is asymptomatic and the larvae are excreted harmlessly in the faeces. In some case it may be associated with symptoms. The present paper describes such a case.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10832
Molecular Diversity Analysis of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) through RAPD Markers
Authors: Hoque M.E. , Hasan M.M.
Published: August 2012

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the molecular genetic diversity analysis among six BARI released lentil varieties viz. BARI masur-1, BARI masur-2, BARI masur-3, BARI masur-4, BARI masur-5 and BARI masur-6. PCR amplified products were visualized on 1.0% agarose gel and the band for each primer were scored. Ten RAPD markers were used in this study. Out of them 7 primers showed amplification of 53 DNA fragments with 60.37% of them being polymorphic. The highest number of polymorphic loci was noticed in the variety BARI masur-3. The same variety also showed maximum Neis gene diversity value (0.0552). The highest Neis genetic distance (0.5002) was observed in BARI masur-1 vs. BARI masur-5 whereas, the lowest genetic distance (0.0692) was found in BARI masur-1 vs. BARI masur-2. The unweighted pair group method of arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on Neis genetic distance grouped the six cultivars into two main clusters. BARI masur-1, BARI masur-2 and BARI masur-3 were in cluster I and BARI masur-4, BARI masur-5 and BARI masur-6 were in cluster II. The cultivar BARI masur-4 was closest to the cultivar BARI masur-6 with the lowest genetic distance (0.0972) and the highest genetic distance (0.5002) was found between BARI masur-1 and BARI masur-5. The RAPD markers were found to be useful in molecular characterization of lentil varieties which could be utilized by the breeders for the improvement of lentil cultivars. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v22i1.11260 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 22(1): 51-58, 2012 (June)
Estimation of Genome Size of Jute (Corchorus capsularis (L.) var. CVL-1 using Flow Cytometry
Authors: Akashi Ryo , Fancy Nurun N. , Tanmoy Arif M. , Khan Haseena
Published: August 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v22i1.11264Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 22(1): 83-86, 2012 (June)
Prevalence of diseases, morbidity and mortality of Black Bengal Goats under different management systems in Bangladesh
Authors: Kashem M A , Hossain M A , Ahmed SS U , Halim M A
Published: August 2012

A study was carried out in Faridpur, Habiganj and Barisal to identify the prevalence of diseases, morbidity and mortality of Black Bengal goats (BBGs) under semi-intensive system reared by moderate and ultra poor households in Bangladesh during the period from February 2008 to July 2009. A total of 168 female goats and 9 bucks were recorded from two types of households of which 125 goats were infected (74.70%) by a number of diseases and lead to mortality (17.26%). Survival rates and mortality percentage of kids were 80.60 and 19.40, respectively but the highest mortality was in Habiganj (21.18%). Seasons had special influences on mortality of adult goats (35.81%) and kids (64.19%) where the highest mortality rates were 22.22% and 25.93%, respectively in rainy season. PPR had the highest mortality rates (37.93% in adults and 25.00% in kids) followed by pneumonia (24.14% and 21.15%, respectively). Predator invasion was the other remarkable cause for increased kids mortality (23.08%). The study suggests that hygienic management practices, adequate supply of nutrients, and vaccination and deworming programmes in semi-intensive rearing system of BBGs at rural level will improve the survival rates of adult goats and kids.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10702Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 01-04
Effect of Trichosanthes palmata seed extracts on the growth and development of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Tribolium confusum J. duVal
Authors: Khanam LAM , Amin Ruhul , Mahfuz Istiak
Published: August 2012

The effect of different doses of Trichosanthes palmata (Makal) seed extract, viz. 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 16000 ppm on the growth and development of Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum was assessed. All the treatments significantly reduced the weight of T. castaneum and T. confusum. Treatments significantly lengthened the larval and pupal periods of both the species. Significantly lower pupal recovery and adult emergence were also observed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10735Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 17-20
Insecticidal and repellent activities of the chloroform extracts of Urena sinuata L. against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults
Authors: Abdullah M , Kumar Pk A , Saleh DKMA , Khan A R , Islam N
Published: August 2012

The insecticidal and repellent activity tests of the chloroform extracts of fruit, leaf, root and stem of Urena sinuata L. against the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum L. adults have been conducted. The leaf, root and stem extracts showed high toxicity by giving mortality of the beetles within 30 min. of exposure. The LD50 values for the 12, 24, 36 and 48h of exposures were 0.354, 0.262, 0.209 and 0.196mg cm2 for the fruit extract; 0.587, 0.413, 0.355 and 0.299mg cm2 for the leaf extract; 0.440, 0.389, 0.340 and 0.268mg cm2 for the root extract and 0.968, 0.661, 0.491 and 0.362mg cm2 for the stem extract. The insecticidal activity can be arranged in the order of fruit> root> leaf> stem extracts. The root and stem showed repellent activity against T. castaneum adults at P<0.01 and P<0.05 levels of significance, while the fruit and the leaf extracts did not show repellency at all. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10740 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 25-28
Present status and fish seed production of the hatcheries of six upazilas of Rajshahi District
Authors: Bhuyan Abdus Salam , Akther Sharmin , Aktar Naima
Published: August 2012

An investigation was conducted during the period from March to December, 2009 to know the status and fish seed production of the hatcheries of six upazilas of Rajshahi district. All the hatcheries were established during 1968 to 2003. The occupations of the hatchery owners are hatchery business and others. Training status of the hatchery owners shows that in maximum cases they had no training and other cases had short term training, consulting with UFO etc. Funding source was self and loan, land ownership was own and lease. Fish disease occurs seldomly. The area of hatchery buildings ranged from 5 to 33 decimals. The water carrying capacity of overhead tanks ranged from 9091.90 to 409135.5 liter. The volume of each cistern ranged from 1.73 m3 to 3.93 m3. The volume of circular breeding and hatching tanks, varied from 2.48 m3 to 4.02 m3 and 1.72 m3 to 3.14 m3. The volume of each incubation tank (bottle) ranged from 1.52 m3 to 1.08 m3. The number of permanent workers ranged from 2 to 6 in all seasons. Six native species (rui, catla, mrigel, calibaush, bata and gonia) and six exotic species (silvercarp, bighead carp, grass carp, common carp, Thai pangus and Thai puti) were used for seed production. Two types of hormonal injections, such as Pituitary Gland (PG) and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) were used for this purpose. Average fry production were for rui, 140.38 ± 127.02 kg, catla, 37.25 ± 29.24 kg, mrigel, 105.63 ± 54.84 kg, calibaush, 13.50 ± 5.75 kg, gonia, 32 ± 0 kg, bata, 166 ± 113.27 kg, silvercarp, 132.38 ± 96.32 kg, bighead carp, 120.71 ± 116.62 kg, grass carp, 31 ± 11.53 kg, common carp, 140.83 ± 93.83 kg, Thai pangus, 10 ± 0 kg, Thai puti, 42.33 ± 33.71 kg was recorded in some surveyed private hatcheries. The total fry production in some surveyed hatcheries ranged from 85 to 1698 kg with an average of 662.75 ± 513.83 kg.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10743Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 29-32
Genetic variability, correlation, path analysis and construction of selection index in mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. I. Genetic variability
Authors: Hasan Md Ariful , Rahman Sawdagar Mahfuzar , Ahsan Md Kamrul
Published: August 2012

The genotypic variability and heritability for nine quantitative characters in 65 varieties of silkworm, B. mori L. have been investigated. Variation among genotypes were highly significant (p<0.001) for all the characters indicating the existence of a real difference among the genotypes which are suitable for breeding purposes. The highest heritability was obtained for shell weight followed by filament size (FS), filament length (FL), expected cocoon yield out of 100 dfls (ECY), surviving percentage of larvae (SPL), cocoon weight (CW), egg hatching percentage (EHP) and mature larval weight (MLW). Comparatively high heritability accompanied by a genetic advance was recorded for FL and total number of eggs laid per female (TEL) indicating the importance of additive gene effects of these characters, but shell weight, cocoon weight and filament size showed high heritability and low genetic advance indicating the involvement of non-additive gene systems in the inheritance of these characters. So selection on the basis of these characters, with relatively more emphasis upon filament length and total number of eggs laid per female to obtain high yielding varieties of B. mori is suggested. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10744 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp.33-36
A report on Aporcelaimellus sp (Nematoda: Dorylaimidae) from cultivated crops in Rajshahi University Campus
Authors: Ara Nuzhat , Hossain Mosarraf
Published: August 2012

100 nematode specimens under the genus Aporcelaimellus was identified from different cultivated crops. The genus is within the family Dorylaimidae, and contains robust animals of 0.8 to 3.5 mm body length. The specimen having the medium-sized body, short odontostyle, unsclerotized vulva, conical, dorsally not concave tail with distinctly separated layers of terminal cuticle. Aporcelaimellus prevalence was the highest in banana (80%) and the lowest was in mulberry (20%) during sampling periods. The diagnostic morphology of this nematode was slender vulva lips, thick vagina, and with long anal body with sharply pointed tail.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10752Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 45-48
Heterosis and combining ability estimates for the total number of eggs laid per female in silkworm, Bombyx mori L.
Authors: Rashid H A , Rahman S M , Ahsan M K
Published: August 2012

Heterosis and combining ability for total number of eggs laid per female silkworm Bombyx mori L were investigated in a six parent diallel crossing programme in four rearing seasons. Magnitude of heterosis varied from seasons to season and was not consistent over characters. Effect of season was important in the expression of genetic variances and other parameters studied. Considerable amount to heterosis was obtained in the crosses where parents Nistari Oval (G), BSRI-98 and BV-High were involved. Parental performance as judged by general combining ability quantities indicated that BSRI-98 was the best general combining parent in all the rearing seasons. The variance due to the specific combing ability (?2 sca) was higher than the general combining ability (?2gca) in all seasons, indicating the preponderance of non-additive gene action in inheritance of that trait. Majority of the crosses showing significant sca effects had either one or both the parents were good general combiners. Thus the combining ability of parents may be considered as a reliable guide in the prediction of the yield potential of those crosses. The crosses Nistari Oval (G)×BSRI-98, Nistari×BSRI-98 and BSRI-95× Nan Nung7B are recommended for the commercial exploitation of heterosis as an important egg producing breeds in majority of the rearing seasons.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30.10754 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 55-59
A check-list of the Odonata from the eastern region of Bangladesh With sometaxonomic notes
Authors: Chowdhury S H , Mohiuddin M
Published: August 2012

A survey of the Odonate fauna was conducted in the Sylhet and Srimangal Districts of Sylhet Division and Chittagong, Khagrachari, Rangamati, Bandarban and Coxs Bazar Districts of Chittagong Division. The designated areas were visited periodically for nearly seven years from 1994 to 2000. The present paper includes a list of the odonate species collected during the survey period. A total of 764 specimens were collected which comprised 49 species of Anisoptera in 32 genera, and 47 species of Zygoptera in 18 genera. Of these 15 species in 8 genera of the former and 27 species in 11 genera in the latter suborder are new records from Bangladesh. The collection also includes females of three species and males of two species that happen to be new to science. The specimens are preserved in our personal collection.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10755Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 61-66
Occurence of ecto- and endo parasites in pigeon (Columba livia Linn.)
Authors: Musa Sharmin , Afroz Sharmin Dil , Khanum Hamida
Published: August 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10758Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 73-75
Significance of duck in the transmission of avian influenza virus
Authors: Islam M Zohorul , Ahmed Shahana , Khan Shahneaz Ali , Hossain Mohammad Belayet
Published: August 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10759Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp.77-79
Physical and Cognitive Performance of the Least Shrew (Cryptotis parva) on a Calcium-Restricted Diet
Authors: Czajka Jessica L. , McCay Timothy S. , Garneau Danielle E.
Published: August 2012

Geological substrates and air pollution affect the availability of calcium to mammals in many habitats, including the Adirondack Mountain Region (Adirondacks) of the United States. Mammalian insectivores, such as shrews, may be particularly restricted in environments with low calcium. We examined the consequences of calcium restriction on the least shrew (Cryptotis parva) in the laboratory. We maintained one group of shrews (5 F, 5 M) on a mealworm diet with a calcium concentration comparable to beetle larvae collected in the Adirondacks (1.1 ± 0.3 mg/g) and another group (5 F, 3 M) on a mealworm diet with a calcium concentration almost 20 times higher (19.5 ± 5.1 mg/g). Animals were given no access to mineral sources of calcium, such as snail shell or bone. We measured running speed and performance in a complex maze over 10 weeks. Shrews on the high-calcium diet made fewer errors in the maze than shrews on the low-calcium diet (F1,14 = 12.8, p < 0.01). Females made fewer errors than males (F1,14 = 10.6, p < 0.01). Running speeds did not markedly vary between diet groups or sexes, though there was a trend toward faster running by shrews on the high calcium diet (p = 0.087). Shrews in calcium-poor habitats with low availability of mineral sources of calcium may have greater difficulty with cognitive tasks such as navigation and recovery of food hoards.
Succinate Dehydrogenase B Subunit Immunohistochemical Expression Predicts Aggressiveness in Well Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Ileum
Authors: Milione Massimo , Pusceddu Sara , Gasparini Patrizia , Melotti Flavia , Maisonneuve Patrick , Mazzaferro Vincenzo , De Braud Filippo G. , Pelosi Giuseppe
Published: August 2012

Immunohistochemical loss of the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) has recently been reported as a surrogate biomarker of malignancy in sporadic and familial pheocromocytomas and paragangliomas through the activation of hypoxia pathways. However, data on the prevalence and the clinical implications of SDHB immunoreactivity in ileal neuroendocrine tumors are still lacking. Thirty-one consecutive, advanced primary midgut neuroendocrine tumors and related lymph node or liver metastases from 24 males and seven females were immunohistochemically assessed for SDHB. All patients were G1 tumors (Ki-67 labeling index ≤2%). SDHB immunohistochemistry results were expressed as immunostaining intensity and scored as low or strong according to the internal control represented by normal intestinal cells. Strong positivity for SDHB, with granular cytoplasmatic reactivity, was found in 77% of primary tumors (T), whilst low SDHB expression was detected in 90% of metastases (M). The combined analysis (T+M) confirmed the loss of SDHB expression in 82% of metastases compared to 18% of primary tumors. SDHB expression was inversely correlated with Ki-67 labeling index, which accounted for 1.54% in metastastic sites and 0.7% in primary tumors. A correlation between SDHB expression loss, increased Ki-67 labeling index and biological aggressiveness was shown in advanced midgut neuroendocrine tumors, suggesting a role of tumor suppressor gene.
Dynamic Coordinated Shifting Control of Automated Mechanical Transmissions without a Clutch in a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: He Hongwen , Liu Zhentong , Zhu Liming , Liu Xinlei
Published: August 2012

On the basis of the shifting process of automated mechanical transmissions (AMTs) for traditional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and by combining the features of electric machines with fast response speed, the dynamic model of the hybrid electric AMT vehicle powertrain is built up, the dynamic characteristics of each phase of shifting process are analyzed, and a control strategy in which torque and speed of the engine and electric machine are coordinatively controlled to achieve AMT shifting control for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) without clutch is proposed. In the shifting process, the engine and electric machine are well controlled, and the shift jerk and power interruption and restoration time are reduced. Simulation and real car test results show that the proposed control strategy can more efficiently improve the shift quality for PHEVs equipped with AMTs.
Regulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Expression and Cell Cycle Progression by an Endogenous Antisense RNA
Authors: Baguma-Nibasheka Mark , MacFarlane Leigh Ann , Murphy Paul R.
Published: August 2012

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is a potent wide-spectrum mitogen whose overexpression is associated with immortalization and unregulated cell proliferation in many tumors. The FGF2 gene locus is bi-directionally transcribed to produce FGF2 mRNA from the “sense” strand and a cis-antisense RNA (NUDT6) from the NUDT6 gene on the “antisense” strand. The NUDT6 gene encodes a nudix motif protein of unknown function, while its mRNA has been implicated in the post-transcriptional regulation of FGF2 expression. FGF2 and NUDT6 are co-expressed in rat C6 glioma cells, and ectopic overexpression of NUDT6 suppresses cellular FGF2 accumulation and cell cycle progression. However, the role of the endogenous antisense RNA in regulation of FGF2 is unclear. In the present study, we employed siRNA-mediated gene knockdown to examine the role of the endogenous NUDT6 RNA in regulation of FGF2 expression and cell cycle progression. Knockdown of either FGF2 or NUDT6 mRNA was accompanied by a significant (>3 fold) increase in the complementary partner RNA. Similar reciprocal effects were observed at the protein level, indicating that these two transcripts are mutually regulatory. Remarkably, knockdown of either FGF2 or NUDT6 significantly reduced cell proliferation and inhibited S-phase re-entry following serum deprivation, implicating both FGF2 and NUDT6 in the regulation of cell transformation and cell cycle progression.
Radioactive Iodide (131I−) Excretion Profiles in Response to Potassium Iodide (KI) and Ammonium Perchlorate (NH4ClO4) Prophylaxis
Authors: Harris Curtis , Dallas Cham , Rollor III Edward , White Catherine , Blount Benjamin , Valentin-Blasini Liza , Fisher Jeffrey
Published: August 2012

Radioactive iodide (131I−) protection studies have focused primarily on the thyroid gland and disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The objective of the current study was to establish 131I− urinary excretion profiles for saline, and the thyroid protectants, potassium iodide (KI) and ammonium perchlorate over a 75 hour time-course. Rats were administered 131I− and 3 hours later dosed with either saline, 30 mg/kg of NH4ClO4 or 30 mg/kg of KI. Urinalysis of the first 36 hours of the time-course revealed that NH4ClO4 treated animals excreted significantly more 131I− compared with KI and saline treatments. A second study followed the same protocol, but thyroxine (T4) was administered daily over a 3 day period. During the first 6–12 hour after 131I− dosing, rats administered NH4ClO4 excreted significantly more 131I− than the other treatment groups. T4 treatment resulted in increased retention of radioiodide in the thyroid gland 75 hour after 131I− administration. We speculate that the T4 treatment related reduction in serum TSH caused a decrease synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones resulting in greater residual radioiodide in the thyroid gland. Our findings suggest that ammonium perchlorate treatment accelerates the elimination rate of radioiodide within the first 24 to 36 hours and thus may be more effective at reducing harmful exposure to 131I− compared to KI treatment for repeated dosing situations. Repeated dosing studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of these treatments to reduce the radioactive iodide burden of the thyroid gland.
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Pink Stem Borer, Sesamia inferens, in Comparison with Four Other Noctuid Moths
Authors: Chai Huan-Na , Du Yu-Zhou
Published: August 2012

The complete 15,413-bp mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was sequenced and compared with those of four other noctuid moths. All of the mitogenomes analyzed displayed similar characteristics with respect to gene content, genome organization, nucleotide comparison, and codon usages. Twelve-one protein-coding genes (PCGs) utilized the standard ATN, but the cox1 gene used CGA as the initiation codon; cox1, cox2, and nad4 genes had the truncated termination codon T in the S. inferens mitogenome. All of the tRNA genes had typical cloverleaf secondary structures except for trnS1(AGN), in which the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm did not form a stable stem-loop structure. Both the secondary structures of rrnL and rrnS genes inferred from the S. inferens mitogenome closely resembled those of other noctuid moths. In the A+T-rich region, the conserved motif “ATAGA” followed by a long T-stretch was observed in all noctuid moths, but other specific tandem-repeat elements were more variable. Additionally, the S. inferens mitogenome contained a potential stem-loop structure, a duplicated 17-bp repeat element, a decuplicated segment, and a microsatellite “(AT)7”, without a poly-A element upstream of the trnM in the A+T-rich region. Finally, the phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed based on amino acid sequences of mitochondrial 13 PCGs, which support the traditional morphologically based view of relationships within the Noctuidae.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties and Mineral Composition of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Uddin Md. Kamal , Juraimi Abdul Shukor , Ali Md. Eaqub , Ismail Mohd Razi
Published: August 2012

The main objective of this research was to appraise the changes in mineral content and antioxidant attributes of Portulaca oleracea over different growth stages. The antioxidant activity was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The iodine titration method was used to determine the ascorbic acid content (AAC). DPPH scavenging (IC50) capacity ranged from 1.30 ± 0.04 to 1.71 ± 0.04 mg/mL, while the ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant activity (AEAC) values were 229.5 ± 7.9 to 319.3 ± 8.7 mg AA/100 g, total phenol content (TPC) varied from 174.5 ± 8.5 to 348.5 ± 7.9 mg GAE/100 g. AAC 60.5 ± 2.1 to 86.5 ± 3.9 mg/100 g and FRAP 1.8 ± 0.1 to 4.3 ± 0.1 mg GAE/g. There was good correlation between the results of TPC and AEAC, and between IC50 and FRAP assays (r2 > 0.9). The concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Fe and Zn increased with plant maturity. Calcium (Ca) was negatively correlated with sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl), but positively correlated with magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Portulaca olerecea cultivars could be used as a source of minerals and antioxidants, especially for functional food and nutraceutical applications.
Very High Throughput Electrical Cell Lysis and Extraction of Intracellular Compounds Using 3D Carbon Electrodes in Lab-on-a-Chip Devices
Authors: Mernier Guillaume , Martinez-Duarte Rodrigo , Lehal Rajwinder , Radtke Freddy , Renaud Philippe
Published: August 2012

Here we present an electrical lysis throughput of 600 microliters per minute at high cell density (108 yeast cells per ml) with 90% efficiency, thus improving the current common throughput of one microliter per minute. We also demonstrate the extraction of intracellular luciferase from mammalian cells with efficiency comparable to off-chip bulk chemical lysis. The goal of this work is to develop a sample preparation module that can act as a stand-alone device or be integrated to other functions already demonstrated in miniaturized devices, including sorting and analysis, towards a true lab-on-a-chip.
Bioprospecting of Marine Invertebrates for New Natural Products — A Chemical and Zoogeographical Perspective
Authors: Leal Miguel Costa , Madeira Carolina , Brandão Cláudio Alexandre , Puga João , Calado Ricardo
Published: August 2012

Bioprospecting for new marine natural products (NPs) has increased significantly over the last decades, leading to an unprecedented discovery of new molecules. Marine invertebrates have been the most important source of these NPs, with researchers commonly targeting particular taxonomic groups, marine regions and/or molecules from specific chemical groups. The present review focuses on new NPs identified from marine invertebrates between 2000 and 2009, and performs a detailed analysis on: (1) the chemical groups of these NPs; (2) the association of particular chemical groups to specific marine invertebrate taxa; and (3) the yielding of molecules from the same chemical group from organisms occurring in a particular geographic region. Our survey revealed an increasing number of new terpenoids being discovered between 2000 and 2009, contrasting with the decreasing trend in the discovery of new alkaloids and aliphatic molecules. Overall, no particular association was identified between marine invertebrate taxa and chemical groups of new NPs. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that most NPs recorded from cnidarians and mollusks were terpenoids, while most NPs identified in echinoderms were aliphatic compounds or carbohydrates. The geographical trends observed in our study do not support the idea of particular chemical groups of new NPs being associated with marine invertebrates from any specific geographical region, as NPs from different chemical groups were commonly distributed worldwide.