bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro Development of Two Alternaria solani Strains, Causal Agent of Alternariose in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) under the Influence of Thevetia peruviana Seeds Extracts
Authors: Ngata L. N. , Ngonkeu E. L. M. , Ndogho A. P. , Ntongo C. K. , Gbaporo F. C.G. , Ngatsi P. Z. , Dida S. L. L. , Dongmo L. T. V. , Atindo T. S. , Kuate W. N. T. , Ambang Z.
Published: July 2024

Alternaria solani is a fungus that causes yield losses of up to 80 % in tomato production in field. Synthetic fungicides are the most widely used for its controbl, but have harmful consequences. The objective of this work was to test in vitro the antifungal potential of Thevetia peruviana seed extracts against two A. solani isolates. Aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts, at concentrations 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µL/mL were used. Two synthetic fungicides Maneb (5.33 µg/mL) and Dimethomorph + Clorothalonil (3.75 µg/mL) and control (0 µL/mL) were also tested on two A. solani isolates (Mbal and Foum). The investigation was repeated three times. Phytochemical screening, mycelial growth, spore germination and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50 and MIC90) were determined. The results showed that T. peruviana extracts are rich in many families of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, phenolic compounds and sugars. All extracts tested show high inhibition of mycelial growth (100%) and spore germination (100%) of the two strains at highest concentration (100 µL/mL). Acetone extract at a concentration of 50 µL/mL inhibited mycelial growth by 88.45 and 86.55% and spore germination by 88.33 and 80.33%, respectively for the Mbal and Foum isolates. The lowest MIC50 (16.63 µL/mL) and MIC90 (54.6 µL/mL) were obtained with the acetone extract on the Mbal isolate while the highest MIC50 (27.5 µL/mL) and MIC90 (61.7 µL/mL) were observed with ethyl acetate on the Foum isolate These extracts can therefore be used in the biological control against Alternariose in tomato.
A Review on Biotechnological Innovations in Developing Stress-Tolerant Crops for Adverse Environmental Conditions
Authors: Mohapatra Rashmi , H M Heena Kouser , Naan Toko , Chitra M. , Ashwini R. , Rout Ankita , Lallawmkimi Michelle C.
Published: July 2024

The development of stress-tolerant crops through advanced biotechnological approaches is critical for enhancing global food security and sustainability in the face of climate change and increasing environmental stresses. Emerging tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and synthetic biology are revolutionizing genetic engineering by enabling precise, targeted modifications of plant genomes to improve drought, salinity, heat, and cold tolerance. Integrative approaches that combine genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics provide a comprehensive understanding of plant stress responses, facilitating the identification of key regulatory genes and metabolic pathways. High-throughput phenotyping and RNA interference (RNAi) technologies further enhance trait identification and manipulation, accelerating the development of robust stress-tolerant varieties. The deployment of these crops has demonstrated significant yield improvements and stability in adverse conditions, reducing the risk of crop failures and food shortages. Drought-tolerant maize and rice varieties have increased yields by 20-30% under water-scarce conditions, while salt-tolerant rice and wheat varieties have enabled cultivation in saline soils. Heat-tolerant crops maintain productivity in high-temperature regions, and cold-tolerant varieties extend growing seasons in temperate areas. These advancements not only enhance crop productivity but also promote sustainable agricultural practices by reducing the need for chemical inputs and supporting the resilience of food systems. Moreover, the socio-economic benefits include improved livelihoods for smallholder farmers through increased incomes and economic stability. Continued interdisciplinary research and collaboration are essential to fully realize the potential of these technologies in addressing global agricultural challenges and ensuring a stable food supply for future generations.
Epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized in a burns treatment center / Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes internados em um Centro de Tratamento de Queimados
Authors: Alves Ana Carolina Alvim Pessoa , Marques Raysa Rangel , Corrêa Jéssica de Oliveira , Monteiro da Silva Thiago Augusto Soares
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: delinear o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes vítimas de queimadura, que tenham sido submetidos à internação no Centro de tratamento de queimados de um hospital do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 2019 a 2021. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional, exploratória e descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa, documental e retrospectiva, realizada em um Centro de Tratamento de Queimados (CTQ), de um Hospital localizado no Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados de 243 prontuários dos pacientes por meio de um instrumentoconfeccionado pelas pesquisadoras. Realizou-se a análise estatística descritiva (p<0,05), utilizando o software Jamovi- Stats. Open. Now.®. Resultados: identificou-se que 62,6% dos pacientes eram adultos e 56,4% do sexo masculino. O agente causador mais prevalente foi a chama direta, com 56,4%. Verificou-se que 63,6% dos acidentes ocorreram no contexto doméstico. Em 69,3% encontrou-se a superfície corporal queimada entre 1% a 20,9%, sendo a queimadura de 2º grau a de maior profundidade, com 75,6%. Dentre as coberturas mais utilizadas destacou-se a sulfadiazina de prata, com 96,7%. Apenas 37,6% pacientes apresentaram quadro infeccioso, tendo o Staphylococcus o mais prevalente com 52,7%. Conclusão: a partir dos dados coletados foi possível delinear o perfil dos pacientes atendidos neste centro de tratamento de queimados, evidenciando necessidades de prevenção, educação, aperfeiçoamento, novas pesquisas, controle de disponibilidade de agentes causadores e protocolos hospitalares voltados a este perfil de paciente.
Oral health condition among Kaingang indigenous people with diabetes mellitus / Condição de saúde bucal entre indígenas Kaingang com diabetes mellitus
Authors: Benedito Júnior Cesar de Souza , Batiston Adriane Pires , Do Carmo Lourenço Haddad Maria , Silva Marcon Sonia , Aiello Bomfim Rafael , Ferraz Teston Elen
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: analisar as condições de saúde bucal de indígenas com diabetes. Método: estudo transversal, realizado na Terra Indígena na região norte do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevista, exame intraoral e consulta a prontuários de indígenas da etnia Kaingang e   submetidos à análise descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: participaram 45 indígenas, com idade média de 56,3 ± 12,4 anos, sendo 53,3% do sexo feminino. Em relação ao risco em saúde bucal, 31,1% apresentaram alto risco sendo que 95,6% deles tinham índice muito alto e alto (≥ 5) de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados, 42,2% referiram xerostomia, 66,7% diagnóstico de doença periodontal e 24,4% eram edêntulos totais. Conclusão: a condição de saúde bucal de indígenas com diabetes reflete a necessidade de priorizar ações de educação preventiva em saúde bucal pelas equipes de saúde da família.
Enhanced Performance of a ZnO Nanowire‐Based Self‐Powered Glucose Sensor by Piezotronic Effect
Authors: Yu Ruomeng , Pan Caofeng , Chen Jun , Zhu Guang , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: July 2013

A self‐powered, piezotronic effect‐enhanced glucose sensor based on metal‐semiconductor‐metal (M–S–M) structured single ZnO nanowire device is demonstrated. A triboelectrical nanogenerator (TENG) is integrated to build a self‐powered glucose monitoring system (GMS) to realize the continuously monitoring of glucose concentrations. The performance of the glucose sensor is generally enhanced by the piezotronic effect when applying a –0.79% compressive strain on the device, and magnitude of the output signal is increased by more than 200%; the sensing resolution and sensitivity of sensors are improved by more than 200% and 300%, respectively. A theoretical model using energy band diagram is proposed to explain the observed results. This work demonstrates a promising approach to raise the sensitivity, improve the sensing resolution, and generally enhance the performance of glucose sensors, also providing a possible way to build up a self‐powered GMS.
The natural place to begin: The ethnoprimatology of the Waorani
Authors: Papworth Sarah , Milner‐Gulland E.J. , Slocombe Katie
Published: July 2013

Ethnoprimatology is an important and growing discipline, studying the diverse relationships between humans and primates. However there is a danger that too great a focus on primates as important to humans may obscure the importance of other animal groups to local people. The Waorani of Amazonian Ecuador were described by Sponsel [Sponsel (1997) New World Primates: Ecology, evolution and behavior. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. p 143–165] as the “natural place” for ethnoprimatology, because of their close relationship to primates, including primates forming a substantial part of their diet. Therefore they are an ideal group in which to examine contemporary perceptions of primates in comparison to other types of animal. We examine how Waorani living in Yasuní National Park name and categorize primates and other common mammals. Although there is some evidence that the Waorani consider primates a unique group, the non‐primate kinkajou and olingo are also included as part of the group “monkeys,” and no evidence was found that primates were more important than other mammals to Waorani culture. Instead, a small number of key species, in particular the woolly monkey (Lagothrix poeppigii) and white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), were found to be both important in the diet and highly culturally salient. These results have implications for both ethnoprimatologists and those working with local communities towards broader conservation goals. Firstly, researchers should ensure that they and local communities are referring to the same animals when they use broad terms such as “monkey,” and secondly the results caution ethnoprimatologists against imposing western taxonomic groups on indigenous peoples, rather than allowing them to define themselves which species are important. Am. J. Primatol. 75:1117–1128, 2013. © 2013 The Authors.American Journal of PrimatologyPublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mean drops size in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in horizontal mixer settler
Authors: Davoodi‐Nasab Payman , Abolghasemi Hossein , Safdari Jaber , Raji‐Asadabadi Maliheh
Published: July 2013

The mean drop size of toluene/water dispersion in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a cationic surfactant has been studied in a horizontal mixer settler. Two 45°‐pitched blade turbine impellers with four blades on a shaft were used to have completed mixing. Additionally, the influences of hydrodynamic parameters such as impeller agitation speed and dispersed phase volume fraction on the drops size were investigated. The results indicate that the presence of CTAB leads to a decrease in D32 by about 46%, averagely. Furthermore, increase in the impeller speed from 450 up to 650 rpm causes D32 to reduce by about 30%, and the decreasing rate of D32 diminishes with increasing impeller speeds. Increase in the dispersed phase volume fraction gives rise to increase in the drops size. Finally, in order to predict the mean drop size, new modified correlations were provided, wherein the influence of CTAB concentration was introduced as a new parameter. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transparent dispensible high‐refractive index ZrO2/epoxy nanocomposites for LED encapsulation
Authors: Tao Peng , Li Ying , Siegel Richard W. , Schadler Linda S.
Published: July 2013

In this study, we report a facile ex situ approach to preparing transparent dispensible high‐refractive index ZrO2/epoxy nanocomposites for LED encapsulation. Highly crystalline, near monodisperse ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a nonaqueous approach using benzyl alcohol as the coordinating solvent. The synthesized particles were then modified by (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GMS) ligand. It was found that, with tiny amount of surface‐treating ligand, the modified ZrO2 NPs were able to be easily dispersed in a commercial epoxy matrix because of the epoxy compatible surface chemistry design as well as the small matrix molecular weight favoring mixing. Transparent thick (1 mm) ZrO2/epoxy nanocomposites with a particle core content as high as 50 wt % and an optical transparency of 90% in the visible light range were successfully prepared. The refractive index of the prepared composites increased from 1.51 for neat epoxy to 1.65 for 50 wt % (20 vol %) ZrO2 loading and maintained the same high‐Abbe number as the neat epoxy matrix. Compared with the neat epoxy encapsulant, an increase of 13.2% in light output power of red LEDs was achieved with the 50 wt % ZrO2/epoxy nanocomposite as the novel encapsulant material. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3785–3793, 2013
Brief Report: The IL23R Nonsynonymous Polymorphism rs11209026 Is Associated With Radiographic Sacroiliitis in Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Kadi Amir , Costantino Félicie , Izac Brigitte , Leboime Ariane , Said‐Nahal Roula , Garchon Henri‐Jean , Chiocchia Gilles , Breban Maxime
Published: July 2013

Objective

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of inflammatory articular disorders sharing a genetic background. The nonsynonymous single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11209026 (Arg381Gln) in the IL23R gene has reproducibly been shown to be associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We undertook this study to examine the association between rs11209026 and SpA as a whole, with particular attention devoted to genotype/phenotype correlation.

Methods

The SNP rs11209026 was genotyped in a French cohort of 415 patients/372 controls, with replication analysis performed in 383 “trios,” each consisting of 1 patient with SpA and both parents. Association analysis was carried out in SpA as a whole group and then separately in AS and non‐AS patients. Phenotype/genotype correlations were examined using logistic regression analysis.

Results

A significant association between rs11209026 and SpA overall was identified only in the familial data set (odds ratio 0.57, P = 0.028). Strong association with AS was observed in both the case–control and familial data sets (P = 4.5 × 10−4 and P = 4.0 × 10−3, respectively). In contrast, such association was not detected in the non‐AS group. Furthermore, rs11209026 frequency was significantly different between AS and non‐AS patients (P = 1.5 × 10−3). Phenotype/genotype correlation study revealed that both radiographic sacroiliitis and early age at onset were independently associated with a lower frequency of the rare protective rs11209026 allele A in patients (P = 9 × 10−3 and P = 8 × 10−3, respectively).

Conclusion

Our study replicated the robust association between rs11209026 and AS in the French population. However, such association was restricted to AS, as compared to SpA without radiographic sacroiliitis. The fact that it was independently conditional on radiographic sacroiliitis and age at onset suggests that rs11209026 could affect disease severity rather than susceptibility.
High Body Mass Index Is Associated With Increased Diurnal Strains in the Articular Cartilage of the Knee
Authors: Widmyer Margaret R. , Utturkar Gangadhar M. , Leddy Holly A. , Coleman Jeremy L. , Spritzer Charles E. , Moorman Claude T. , DeFrate Louis E. , Guilak Farshid
Published: July 2013

Objective

Obesity is an important risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) and is associated with changes in both the biomechanical and inflammatory environments within the joint. However, the relationship between obesity and cartilage deformation is not fully understood. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of body mass index (BMI) on the magnitude of diurnal cartilage strain in the knee.

Methods

Three‐dimensional maps of knee cartilage thickness were developed from 3T magnetic resonance images of the knees of asymptomatic age‐ and sex‐matched subjects with normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) or high BMI (25–31 kg/m2). Site‐specific magnitudes of diurnal cartilage strain were determined using aligned images recorded at 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM on the same day.

Results

Subjects with high BMI had significantly thicker cartilage on both the patella and femoral groove, as compared to subjects with normal BMI. Diurnal cartilage strains were dependent on location in the knee joint, as well as BMI. Subjects with high BMI, compared to those with normal BMI, exhibited significantly higher compressive strains in the tibial cartilage. Cartilage thickness on both femoral condyles decreased significantly from the AM to the PM time point; however, there was no significant effect of BMI on diurnal cartilage strain in the femur.

Conclusion

Increased BMI is associated with increased diurnal strains in articular cartilage of both the medial and lateral compartments of the knee. The increased cartilage strains observed in individuals with high BMI may, in part, explain the elevated risk of OA associated with obesity or may reflect alterations in the cartilage mechanical properties in subjects with high BMI.
Allele‐Dose Association of the C5orf30 rs26232 Variant With Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Teare M. Dawn , Knevel Rachel , Morgan Michael D. , Kleszcz Agnieszka , Emery Paul , Moore David J. , Conaghan Philip , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Morgan Ann W. , van der Helm‐van Mil Annette H. M. , Wilson Anthony G.
Published: July 2013

Objective

There is increasing evidence to indicate that genetic factors contribute significantly to radiologic joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the present study was to determine whether genotypes of 10 recently identified RA susceptibility loci are associated with radiologic severity.

Methods

A 2‐stage study was performed using 3 Northern European RA populations: a British cross‐sectional population (discovery cohort; n = 885) and the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic (EAC) cohort (n = 581) and Yorkshire Early Arthritis Register (YEAR) cohort (n = 418) (validation cohorts). Radiologic damage was assessed using a modified Larsen method for scoring radiographs (in the discovery cohort) or modified Sharp/van der Heijde score (in the 2 validation cohorts). A meta‐analysis was performed to bring together the evidence from the 3 studies, using data on radiologic severity of joint damage from a single time point.

Results

An allele‐dose association of rs26232 was present in the discovery population (P = 4 × 10−4); the median modified Larsen scores of radiologic joint damage per genotype were 31 (for those with CC), 27 (for those with CT), and 16 (for those with TT). The allele‐dose association of rs26232 was replicated in both the Leiden EAC cohort during the initial 7 years of RA (P = 0.04) and the YEAR cohort (P = 0.039). In a fixed‐effects meta‐analysis of all 3 studies, the per T allele effect on the ratio of radiologic severity scores was 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.84, 0.96; P = 0.004).

Conclusion

The variant rs26232, in the first intron of the C5orf30 locus, is associated with the severity of radiologic damage in RA and is independent of established prognostic biomarkers. The biologic activities of C5orf30 are unknown, but our genetic data suggest that it is involved in mediating joint damage in RA.
Chiral Enol Oxazolines and Thiazolines as Auxiliary Ligands for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Ruthenium‐Polypyridyl Complexes
Authors: Huang Biao , Wang Lun , Gong Lei , Meggers Eric
Published: July 2013

Various ligands, such as (Z)‐1‐phenyl‐2‐[(4S)‐4‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐oxazol‐2‐yl]ethen‐1‐ol ((S)‐1a) and (Z)‐1‐phenyl‐2‐[(4S)‐4‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐yl]ethen‐1‐ol ((S)‐1c), were investigated as auxiliaries for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral ruthenium(II) complexes. The reaction of these chiral auxiliary ligands with [RuCl2(dmso)4], 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy, 2.2 equiv), and triethylamine (10 equiv) in DMF/PhCl (1:8) at 140 °C for several hours diastereoselectively provided the complexes Λ‐[Ru(bpy)2{(S)‐1aH}] (Λ‐(S)‐2a, 52 % yield, 56:1 d.r.) and Λ‐[Ru(bpy)2{(S)‐1cH}] (Λ‐(S)‐2c, 48 % yield, >100:1 d.r.) in a single step after purification. Both Λ‐(S)‐2a and Λ‐(S)‐2c could be converted into Λ‐[Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2 by replacing the bidentate enolato ligands with bpy, under retention of configuration, induced by either NH4PF6 as a weak acid (from Λ‐(S)‐2a: 73 % yield, 22:1 e.r.; from Λ‐(S)‐2c: 77 % yield, 22:1 e.r.), TFA as a strong acid (from Λ‐(S)‐2a: 72 % yield, 52:1 e.r.; from Λ‐(S)‐2c: 85 % yield, 25:1 e.r.), methylation with Meerwein′s salt (from Λ‐(S)‐2a: 59 % yield, 46:1 e.r.; from Λ‐(S)‐2c: 86 % yield, 37:1 e.r.), ozonolysis (from Λ‐(S)‐2a: 56 % yield, 22:1 e.r.; from Λ‐(S)‐2c: 43 % yield, 6.3:1 e.r.), or oxidation with a peroxy acid (from Λ‐(S)‐2a: 72 % yield, 45:1 e.r.; from Λ‐(S)‐2c: 79 % yield, 8.5:1 e.r.). This study shows that, except for the reaction with NH4PF6, oxazoline‐enolato complex Λ‐(S)‐2a provides Λ‐[Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2 with higher enantioselectivities than analogous thiazoline‐enolato complex Λ‐(S)‐2c, which might be due to the higher coordinative stability of the thiazoline‐enolato complex, thus requiring more prolonged reaction times. Thus, this study provides attractive new avenues for the asymmetric synthesis of non‐racemic ruthenium(II)‐polypyridyl complexes without the need for using a strong acid or a strong methylating reagent, as has been the case in all previously reported auxiliary methods from our group.
Holzfachwerke mit Verbindungsknoten aus Beton
Authors: Hartig Jens , Heiduschke Andreas , Haller Peer
Published: July 2013

Dieser Beitrag behandelt rechnerische Untersuchungen zu einem neuartigen Verbindungskonzept für Fachwerkträger im Ingenieurholzbau. Das Konzept sieht vor, die Stabkräfte mithilfe von passgenauen Knoten aus Vergussbeton zu übertragen. Die Untersuchungen umfassen dreidimensionale Finite‐Elemente‐Modelle, die zur Bestimmung der Spannungsverteilungen am Fachwerkknoten verwendet werden. Die daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden in ein einfaches Stabwerkmodell überführt, das in der Lage ist, die Schnittkräfte und das Verformungsverhalten der Träger zutreffend zu bestimmen. Damit verfügt der Ingenieur über ein einfaches Werkzeug zur Bemessung derartiger Konstruktionen. Die erforderlichen Nachweise werden in einem Bemessungskonzept zusammengefasst.

Timber trussed girder with concrete joints – Calculative investigations and design concept

This article deals with calculative investigations on a novel connection concept for trussed girders in engineered timber structures. The forces between struts and ties are transferred by casted concrete blocks. The presented investigations include three‐dimensional finite element models for determining stress distributions at the joints. Based on the results of the numerical model a simple strut‐and‐tie‐model is developed for determining the internal forces and the deformation behavior of respective trussed girders. This provides a simple tool for the engineer to design such structures. The necessary static verifications are summarized in a design concept.
Extradosed Brücken – Tragverhalten und Einstellen der Seilkräfte für ständige Lasten
Authors: Schlaich Mike , El Shenawy El Araby
Published: July 2013

Extradosed Brücken, von relativ flachen Seilen getragene steife Trägerbrücken, sind im Spannweitenbereich zwischen 100 und 200 m eine wirtschaftliche Alternative zu Betonhohlkastenträgern einerseits und Schrägseilbrücken anderseits. Während die Seilkräfte von Schrägseilbrücken mit schlankem Stahlbetonüberbau in der Regel so eingestellt werden, dass sie fast die ganzen ständigen Lasten tragen und der Überbau sich dann wie ein Durchlaufträger auf starren Stützen verhält, müssen Extradosed Brücken mit ihrem schweren und steifen Überbau anders behandelt werden. In diesem Artikel werden die typischen Eigenschaften der Extradosed Brücken beschrieben und gezeigt, wie deren Seilkräfte und der Verlauf der Biegemomente im Überbau unter ständigen Lasten einfach und wirtschaftlich eingestellt werden können. Auch die zusätzliche Anordnung von Spanngliedern im Überbau zur weiteren Reduktion dieser Momente im Brückenträger wird behandelt.

Extradosed bridges

Extradosed bridges with their flat/shallow stay cables and stiff decks are an economic alternative to box girder bridges and cable‐stayed bridges for spans of 100 to 200 m. The structural system of extradosed bridges is considered also as a transition between the structural systems of the box girder bridges and the cable‐stayed bridges. The stay cables for extradosed bridges are normally designed to carry nearly the full permanent load and the deck behaves as a continuous beam on rigid supports. The method, used usually for the determination of the stay cable forces under permanent load for cables‐stayed bridges, cannot be followed for the extradosed bridges with their heavy and stiff decks. The typical configurations for such type of bridges will be presented in this paper. Further, a simple and an economic method for the determination of the stay cable forces and the corresponding bending moment distribution along the deck elements under permanent load, for extradosed bridges, will be proposed. Additionally, the arrangement of the prestressing tendons inside the concrete deck elements, to nearly eliminate the bending moments under permanent load, will be consistently handled.
Beschreibung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit von stumpf gestoßenen Fertigteilstützen unter Berücksichtigung einer außergewöhnlichen Stoßbelastung
Authors: Zalewski Stefanie , Schacht Gregor , Bachmann Hubert , Curbach Manfred
Published: July 2013

In der Bauindustrie hat der Einsatz von Fertigteilen viele Vorzüge gegenüber Ortbeton. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird die Ausbildung des stumpfen Stoßes bei Fertigteilstützen betrachtet, die einer erhöhten Horizontalbeanspruchung ausgesetzt sind. In einem Rechenbeispiel werden verschiedene repräsentative Beanspruchungen für eine Geschossstütze näher untersucht und die Widerstände einer Stütze sowie einer stumpfen Stoßfuge mit Stahlplatte gegen Querkräfte dargestellt. Durch die Ableitung eines zulässigen Grenzverhältnisses HEd/NEd werden die kritischen Lastfälle für die Stumpfstoßausbildung aufgezeigt. Es wird abgegrenzt, unter welchen Parametern nicht die Fugenschubtragfähigkeit, sondern die Querkrafttragfähigkeit innerhalb des Bauteils bemessungsmaßgebend wird. Zusätzlich wird ein alternativer Modellansatz für eine sehr glatte Stützenfuge vorgeschlagen und durch eine Bemessungstabelle anwenderfreundlich ausgewertet.

A contribution to the investigation of the shear‐bearing capacity of butt‐jointed prefabricated columns with particular regard to an extraordinary impact load

The use of pre‐fabricated concrete elements has special advantages for the building industry. In this paper the butt‐joint connection of prefabricated reinforced concrete columns under high horizontal stresses is focused. A calculation example demonstrates the representative loading cases and the shear design of a butt‐jointed concrete column with a steel plate. Additionally it is differentiated under which situations not the shear bearing capacity of the joint but of the concrete element is decisive for the design. By determining an allowable maximum ratio HEd/NEd the critical loading scenarios are shown and an alternative design model for very smooth column joints is presented and evaluated in an user‐friendly chart.
Minimal/Maximal: Der Neubau der Zentrale der HDI‐Gerling Sachversicherungsgruppe in Hannover
Authors: Sobek Werner , Reinke Hans Georg , Prasser Patrick , Grundke Jörg
Published: July 2013

Der von Christoph Ingenhoven entworfene Neubau der Konzernzentrale der HDI‐Gerling Sachversicherungsgruppe in Hannover bietet maximalen Nutzerkomfort bei minimalem Energie‐ und Ressourcenverbrauch. Wesentliche Voraussetzung für das offene, transparente Erscheinungsbild ist das filigrane Tragwerk, das von den Büros Werner Sobek Frankfurt und Stuttgart entworfen und geplant wurde. Der folgende Bericht beschreibt die wesentlichen Besonderheiten dieses Tragwerks.

Minimal/Maximal: The new headquarter of the HDI‐Insurance Group in Hanover, Germany

The new headquarter of the HDI Insurance Group in Hanover was designed by architect Christoph Ingenhoven. It offers maximal user comfort and minimal consumption of energy and resources. An important precondition for the open, transparent appearance of the building is the filigree load‐bearing structure designed and engineered by Werner Sobek (Frankfurt/Stuttgart). The following article describes the most important specifics of this structure.
Ermüdung von Spannbetonträgern mit Bügelbewehrung unter Querkraftbeanspruchung
Authors: Teworte Frederik , Hegger Josef
Published: July 2013

Brücken aus den 1960–70er‐Jahren wurden aufgrund der hohen Vorspannung häufig mit sehr geringen Querkraftbewehrungsgraden ausgeführt. Weist man die betroffenen Brücken nach DIN‐Fachbericht 102 mit den neuen Lastmodellen aus DIN‐Fachbericht 101 nach, ergibt sich in vielen Fällen eine deutlich höhere erforderliche Querkraftbewehrung als in den Stegen vorhanden. Zur Untersuchung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Spannbetonträgern mit Querkraftbewehrung wurden Ermüdungsversuche an 14 Trägern mit geringem Querkraftbewehrungsgrad (ρw = 0,15%, ρw = 0,22% und ρw = 0,33%) durchgeführt.

Der Beitrag beschreibt die experimentellen Untersuchungen und das in den Versuchen beobachtete sukzessive Versagen der Querkraftbewehrung unter zyklischer Beanspruchung. Anhand von Vergleichsrechnungen und den im Versuch ermittelten Druckstrebenwinkeln wurde ein Ansatz zur Ermittlung der Spannungsschwingbreite der Querkraftbewehrung unter zyklischer Belastung entwickelt. Der Ansatz basiert auf dem Fachwerkmodell mit variablem Druckstrebenwinkel.

Fatigue of prestressed beams with web reinforcement under cyclic shear

Many existing bridge structures built in the 1960s and 1970s typically feature a high degree of prestressing and low shear reinforcement ratios. Therefore, their shear bearing capacity, originally determined based on the principal tensile strength criterion, can often not be verified with the strut and tie models of DIN‐Fachbericht 102. To investigate the shear strength of prestressed concrete beams with web reinforcement under cyclic loading, fatigue tests on 14 beams with a low amount of shear reinforcement (ρw = 0,15%, ρw = 0,22% and ρw = 0,33%) were performed.

The present paper describes the fatigue tests and the occurring gradually stirrup fractures with increasing number of load cycles. Based on comparative calculations and the experimentally determined strut inclinations, a modified approach to calculate the stirrup stress amplitude under cyclic loading has been developed. It is based on a truss model with variable strut inclination.
Full factorial screening of human embryonic stem cell maintenance with multiplexed microbioreactor arrays
Authors: Titmarsh Drew M. , Ovchinnikov Dmitry A. , Wolvetang Ernst J. , Cooper‐White Justin J.
Published: July 2013

Use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in regenerative medicine applications relies on control of cell fate decisions by exogenous factors. This control can be hindered by the use of undefined culture components, poorly understood autocrine/paracrine effects, spatiotemporal variations in microenvironmental composition inherent to static culture formats, and signal cross‐talk between multiple factors. We recently described microbioreactor arrays that provide a full factorial spectrum of exogenous factors, and allow gradual accumulation of paracrine factors through serial culture chambers. We combined these with defined biochemical conditions, and in situ reporter gene‐ and immunofluorescence‐based readouts to create an hPSC screening platform with enhanced data throughput and microenvironmental control. HES3‐EOS‐C(3+)‐EiP reporter hESCs were screened against FGF‐2, TGF‐β1, and retinoic acid in a modified mTeSR‐1 medium background. Differential pluripotency marker expression reflected mTeSR‐1's maintenance capacity, and differentiation in response to removal of maintenance factors or addition of retinoic acid. Interestingly, pluripotency marker expression was downregulated progressively through serial chambers. Since downstream chambers are exposed to greater levels of paracrine factors under continuous flow, this effect is thought to result from secreted factors that negatively influence pluripotency. The microbioreactor array platform decodes factor interplay, and has a broad application in deciphering microenvironmental control of cell fate.
Simultaneous quantitative analyses of indole and oxindole alkaloids of Uncaria Hook in rat plasma and brain after oral administration of the traditional Japanese medicine Yokukansan using high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kushida Hirotaka , Fukutake Miwako , Tabuchi Masahiro , Katsuhara Takao , Nishimura Hiroaki , Ikarashi Yasushi , Kanitani Masanao , Kase Yoshio
Published: July 2013

Uncaria Hook (UH) alkaloids are involved in the beneficial effects of Yokukansan. However, the pharmacokinetics of UH alkaloids after oral administration of Yokukansan has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, we developed and validated a sensitive and specific high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantitation of seven UH alkaloids (corynoxeine, isocorynoxeine, rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, hirsutine, hirsuteine and geissoschizine methyl ether) in rat plasma and brain. After protein precipitation with acetonitrile, chromatographic separation was performed using an Ascentis Express RP‐amide column, with gradient elution with 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile at 0.3 mL/min. All analytes in the plasma and brain showed good linearity over a wide concentration range (r > 0.995). Intra‐day and inter‐day variations of each constituent were 8.6 and 8.0% or less in the plasma, and 14.9 and 15.0% or less in the brain, respectively. The validated LC/MS/MS method was applied in the pharmacokinetic studies of UH alkaloids after oral administration of Yokukansan to rats. In the plasma, rhynchophylline, hirsutine, hirsuteine and geissoschizine methyl ether were detected, but only geissoschizine methyl ether was detected in the brain. These results suggest that geissoschizine methyl ether is an important constituent of the pharmacological effects of Yokukansan. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Green Materialities: Marketing and the Socio‐material Construction of Green Products
Authors: Fuentes Christian
Published: July 2013

Green products are becoming part of contemporary consumer cultures and part of everyday life. But how are green products constructed? What kind of green products are constructed? And what happens as these green products are constructed?

The aim of this paper is to contribute a socio‐cultural and critical understanding of green marketing by exploring and illustrating how marketing practices work to construct green products as meaningful material‐symbolic artefacts in practice.

Departing from an understanding of marketing as practice I analyse how a green outdoor product ‐ a t‐shirt ‐ was constructed as green through the marketing practices of the Nordic Nature Shops. Focusing on this retail corporation and examining the practices of trail making, attending and selling, it is suggested that these t‐shirts become green through a process of socio‐material inscription. Through marketing practices green moral is generated and linked to the t‐shirts potentially making them desirable consumption objects to be used in the construction of consumers green identities. However, this process of green making is a difficult accomplishment with ambiguous outcomes. While the tendency to inscribe commercial products with morality can be interpreted as an indication of the development of a more ethically reflective consumer culture, it can also be argued to lead to the commercialization of morality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Keeping sustainable innovation on a leash? Exploring incumbents’ institutional strategies
Authors: Smink Magda M. , Hekkert Marko P. , Negro Simona O.
Published: July 2013

This research aims to identify the institutional strategies of incumbent firms with regard to sustainable energy innovations that threaten their interests. This exploratory study contributes to the multi‐level perspective by providing new insights into niche–regime interaction. The focus on actor behavior in transitions is informed by literature from institutional theory and strategic management. Based on semi‐structured interviews with actors and on documents related to LED lighting and biofuels in the Netherlands, this study identified a preliminary set of empirical strategies: providing information and arguments to policy makers and the general public, as well as strategically setting technical standards. Incumbents are in a position to significantly influence the innovation's development by employing these strategies; thus temporarily keeping sustainable innovation on a leash. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
ChemInform Abstract: Field‐Induced Spin‐Flop‐Like Metamagnetism in α‐CoB4O7.
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Ying , Yang Dingfeng , Li Guobao , Lin Jianhua
Published: July 2013

Pure α‐CoB4O7 is synthesized by a boric acid flux method from a mixture of Co(OAc)2 and H3BO3 (autoclave, 220 °C, 5 d) followed by step‐wise annealing of the resulting new cobalt polyborate up to 800 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: InP Nanowire Array Solar Cells Achieving 13.8% Efficiency by Exceeding the Ray Optics Limit.
Authors: Borgstroem Magnus T. , et al. et al.
Published: July 2013

A high performance solar cell containing millimeter‐sized arrays of p‐type/intrisic/n‐type doped InP nanowires achieves efficiencies of up to 13.8% using resonant light trapping in nanowires with diameters of 180 nm that only cover 12% of the surface.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvothermal Synthesis of New Open‐Framework Metal Phosphites with Structure‐Directing Agents Generated in situ.
Authors: Xue Li , Luo Daibing , Luo Xiuchao , Zeng Hongmei , Lin Zhien
Published: July 2013

The new compounds (III), (IV), and (VI) are solvothermally synthesized using amide molecules and a urea derivative as the source of structure‐directing agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Oxidation of Arylmethylene Compounds Using Nano‐MnO2.
Authors: Nammalwar Baskar , Fortenberry Chelsea , Bunce Richard A. , Lageshetty Sathish Kumar , Ausman Kevin D.
Published: July 2013

MnO2 nanoparticles show superior reactivity to synthetic and commercial MnO2 in the microwave‐assisted oxidation of arylmethylene compounds and benzylic ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Functional Conjugated Dienes from Propargylic Carbonates and Silyl Diazo Compounds.
Authors: Moulin Solenne , Zhang Hanyu , Raju Suresh , Bruneau Christian , Derien Sylvie
Published: July 2013

This reaction yields dienyl carbonates from propargylic carbonates via a 1,2‐shift of the carbonate group.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Asymmetric Hydroheteroarylation of Bicycloalkenes.
Authors: Sevov Christo S. , Hartwig John F.
Published: July 2013

The reaction of norbornene (II) and norbornadiene (X) with indoles, thiophenes, furans and pyrroles proceeds with moderate to high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Traceless Chelation‐Controlled Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkene and Alkyne Hydroacylation.
Authors: Hooper Joel F. , Young Rowan D. , Weller Andrew S. , Willis Michael C.
Published: July 2013

The new Rh‐catalyzed silane‐mediated sulfide reduction process shows excellent functional group tolerance [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Alcohols Promoted Direct C—H Arylation of Unactivated Arenes with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Liu Wei , Tian Fei , Wang Xiaolei , Yu Hao , Bi Yanlan
Published: July 2013

It is assumed that simple alcohols serve to promote the radical formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—C Coupling Between Arenes and Aziridines by C—H Activation.
Authors: Li Xingwei , Yu Songjie , Wang Fen , Wan Boshun , Yu Xinzhang
Published: July 2013

A regioselective C—C coupling between N‐sulfonyl‐substituted aziridines and electron‐poor arenes, substituted with an N‐heteroaromatic directing group, is achieved under optimized conditions for a broad spectrum of substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Phenolic O—H Bond Insertion: Synthesis of Chiral 2‐Carboxy Dihydrobenzofurans, Dihydrobenzopyrans, and Tetrahydrobenzooxepines.
Authors: Song Xiao‐Guang , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Xie Xiu‐Lan , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: July 2013

The cyclization of various diazo ester substrates in the presence of the optimal ligands (Sa)‐INH and (Sa)‐IOP is advantageous with regards to high yields, excellent enantioselectivity, and wide substrate scope.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Preference of Multiple Coupling in the Introduction of Thiophene Ring into Poly‐Halogenated Aromatic Compounds with Nickel NHC Catalyst.
Authors: Tanaka Shota , Tatsuta Go , Sugie Atsushi , Mori Atsunori
Published: July 2013

The reaction of thiophene derivatives with dihalogenated thiophenes and benzenes gives di‐coupled products exclusively although the reactants are used in equimolar amounts.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Mixed 3,3′‐Bisindoles and Their Evaluation as Wnt Signaling Inhibitors.
Authors: Arai Takayoshi , Yamamoto Yushi , Awata Atsuko , Kamiya Kentaro , Ishibashi Masami , Arai Midori A.
Published: July 2013

Friedel—Crafts reaction of isatin‐derived nitroalkenes with indoles in the presence of either Cu(O‐Tf)2 [conditions A)] or CuOTf [conditions B)] yields 3,3′‐bisindoles which represent the skeleton of various indole alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid/Rhodium(II) Cooperative Catalytic Asymmetric Three‐Component Aldol‐Type Reaction for the Synthesis of 3‐Amino Oxindoles.
Authors: Ren Lei , Lian Xiao‐Lei , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: July 2013

This method gives access to highly functionalized and structurally diverse 3‐amino oxindoles with good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed in situ Generation of Thiol Using Xanthate as a Thiol Surrogate for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzothiazoles and Benzothiophenes.
Authors: Prasad D. J. C. , Sekar G.
Published: July 2013

The new title reaction affords a wide range of different substituted benzothiazoles and benzothiophenes in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Quantitative Structure—Activity Relationship and Biological Evaluation of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives Possessing Diphenylamine Moiety as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Abdel Rahman Doaa Ezzat
Published: July 2013

The oxadiazole derivatives (I)‐(III) are readily obtained from N‐phenylanthranilic acid hydrazide.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Chromenes as Cytotoxic Agents.
Authors: Kandeel Manal M. , Kamal Aliaa M. , Abdelall Eman K. A. , Elshemy Heba A. H.
Published: July 2013

The title compounds are synthesized and screened for their anticancer activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,4‐Unsubstituted Quinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid Ethyl Esters from Arylmethyl Azides via a Domino Process.
Authors: Tummatorn Jumreang , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak , Ruchirawat Somsak , Gettongsong Tanita
Published: July 2013

Title compounds (III), (V) and (VII)/(VIII) are prepared from arylmethyl azides by a domino process.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Selective Access to Three Distinct Sets of Indole‐Based Heterocycles from a Single Set of Ugi‐Adducts under Microwave Heating.
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhao Fei , Zheng Mingyue , Zhai Yun , Liu Hong
Published: July 2013

Starting materials (I) are prepared by a four component Ugi reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective trans‐Silylvinylation of Internal Alkynes Catalyzed by RuHCl(CO)(PCy3)2.
Authors: Zhao Jinbo , Liu Shasha , Marino Nadia , Clark Daniel A.
Published: July 2013

This provides a regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized dienes.
ChemInform Abstract: First Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetracyclic Intermediates en Route to Madangamine D.
Authors: Amat Mercedes , Ballette Roberto , Proto Stefano , Perez Maria , Bosch Joan
Published: July 2013

Intermediate (I*) of Madangamine D is prepared in 13 steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Mueggelone.
Authors: Kumar Dachepally Aravind , Meshram Harshadas Mitaram
Published: July 2013

(+)‐Mueggelone (I) is synthesized from commercially available and inexpensive starting materials via Sharpless epoxidation, Jacobsen resolution, lactonization and cross metathesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Mechanisms of Semiconductor Nanocrystal Synthesis.
Authors: Sowers Kelly L. , Swartz Brett , Krauss Todd D.
Published: July 2013

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Porous Materials in Catalysis: Challenges for Mesoporous Materials
Authors: Perego Carlo , Millini Roberto
Published: July 2013

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Multiple Bond‐Forming Transformations (MBFTs): The Power of 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Bonne Damien , Constantieux Thierry , Coquerel Yoann , Rodriguez Jean
Published: July 2013

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative C—H Coupling Reactions: A Strategy for Preparing Bis(heteroaryl) Backbones
Authors: Correa Arkaitz , Cornella Josep , Martin Ruben
Published: July 2013

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Large N‐Heteroacenes: New Tricks for Very Old Dogs?
Authors: Bunz Uwe H. F. , Engelhart Jens U. , Lindner Benjamin D. , Schaffroth Manuel
Published: July 2013

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling Activators for the Oligonucleotide Synthesis via Phosphoramidite Approach
Authors: Wei Xia
Published: July 2013

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalytic Retrosynthesis
Authors: Turner Nicholas J. , O'Reilly Elaine
Published: July 2013

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comparative Study of the Linear Solvation Energy Relationship for the Reactivity of Pyridine Carboxylic Acids with Diazodiphenylmethane in Protic and Aprotic Solvents
Authors: Drmanic Sasa Z. , Nikolic Jasmina B. , Marinkovic Aleksandar D. , Jovanovic Bratislav Z.
Published: July 2013

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Properties of Hydroxytyrosol and Its Derivatives
Authors: Fernandez‐Bolanos Jose G. , Lopez Oscar , Lopez‐Garcia M. Angeles , Marset Azucena
Published: July 2013

Review: 93 refs.