bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the performance of red mud and hematite powder additives of clay layer used in low-level radiation waste landfills
Authors: Salati Abbas , Isfahani Hajar Share , Rowshanzamir Mohammed Ali , Azhari Amin
Published: March 2023

Clay is used as the main material for the construction of landfill liners due to its unique properties such as low hydraulic permeability, self-healing performance, and availability. In addition to these properties, radiation shielding performance is a vital challenge for low-level radioactive waste disposal. In this study, the effect of two additives, including red mud and hematite are investigated on the radiation shielding and hydromechanical performance of bentonite clay. Experimental tests were performed on mixtures with 15, 30, and 45 percent of additives, and the shielding performance, hydraulic permeability, and mechanical strength have been investigated. Energy scattering (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests have been performed to chemically analyze the mixture components and to define the linear attenuation coefficient by implementing simulation (MCNP code) and theoretical (XCOM database) methods. The results showed a good agreement between the experimental, simulation, and theoretical approaches. The best linear attenuation coefficient performance was reached by adding 15 percent of each additive while maintaining the hydraulic permeability and uniaxial strength in the acceptable range.
investigation on the prevalence of complication of bacterial meningitis and its related factors in children after the neonatal period- a retrospective study.
Authors: Almohamed Mulham , Khazem Bernard
Published: March 2023

Background: Bacterial meningitis in children is a life-threatening condition, carrying a potentially large proportion of morbidity and mortality. Early reorganization of accurate diagnosis, and correct management are important in regard to avoiding complications and death. Others, such as the type of pathogen, also play an important role.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted after obtaining ethical approval from the IRB, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University. The study included a review of all cases of bacterial meningitis among children attending Damascus Hospital, during the period between the beginning of 2017 and the end of 2022.
Results: The number of cases of bacterial meningitis reached 122 patients, 56% of the sample were males, and infants were the most common age group. Crowded housing was found in 73% of patients. The percentage of positive bacterial cultures for CSF was 24.6% of the sample, while the percentage of positive cultures for Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis was few.
The incidence of complications was 32% of the sample, where the duration of the fever for more than 10 days was the most common complication, followed by organ failure accompanying trauma, inappropriate ADH secretion syndrome, and intracranial hypertension, respectively. Complications occurred more among females than males, and were also higher among infants than the rest of the age groups, and also higher among those with overcrowded housing.The occurrence of complication was statistically associated with hospital acquisition, hospitalization period, and bacterial type.
The death rate was 4% of the sample, 60% of whom were females. In 80% of the deceased, diagnosis and treatment were delayed for a week, and 80% of them were adult children. It was found statistically that the longer the hospitalization period is associated with a higher risk of death.
Conclusion:This study indicates the occurrence of both complications and death in pediatric patients with bacterial meningitis in Damascus Hospital. The disease itself carries a high risk of both morbidity and mortality, but the results of this study identify some factors whose correct control may avoid their occurrence as well as avoid long-term sequela.
Predictors of poor outcome from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and an exploratory analysis into the causes of delayed neurosurgical clipping at a major public hospital in the Philippines
Authors: Ferraris Kevin Paul , Golidtum Jared Paul , Palabyab Eric Paolo M. , Salloman Alain James , Alcazaren Jose Carlos , Seng Kenny , Navarro Joseph Erroll , Reyes Kenneth de los
Published: March 2023

Objective: The provision of neurosurgical care for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is beset with particular challenges in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) like the Philippines. In this study located in a low-resource setting, we identify the factors that contribute to unfavorable outcomes of dependency and death. Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed 106 patients who underwent surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a single institution from January 2016 to September 2018. Data were obtained on exposure variables comprising patient demographics, clinical features, perioperative management, and complications and other interventions; while outcomes on discharge were investigated using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done. Root cause analysis was done to identify the causes of delay. Results: The percentage of patients who had unfavorable outcome (mRS ≥ 3) was 29.2%. The timing of surgery—whether early (<3 days), intermediate (3-10 days), or late (>10 days)—was not found to be significantly associated with dependency or mortality. On multiple logistic regression, the factors associated with unfavorable outcome were: intraoperative rupture (OR 23.98, 95%CI 3.56–161.33, p=0.001), vasospasm (OR 12.47, 95%CI 3.01–51.57, p<0.001), and a high Hunt & Hess grade (OR 5.96, 95%CI 1.47–24.18, p=0.012). Intraoperative rupture and vasospasm were further found to be independent predictors of mortality. Many causes of delay were identified in terms of patient-, provider-, and health system-levels. These constitute as barriers to timely care and also contribute to the gap in quality and efficiency of neurosurgical treatment situated in low-resource settings in LMICs. Conclusion: The identified predictors of poor outcomes, as well as the causes delays in neurosurgical treatment, pose as significant challenges to the care of socioeconomically-disadvantaged SAH patients. When considering the solutions to these challenges, the broader environment of practice ought to be taken into account.
Resultados e Prognóstico da Cirurgia Apical em Dentes Tratados com Preenchimento Radicular com Agregado de Trióxido Mineral: Estudo Bibliométrico e Revisão da Literatura com Base em Estudos Clínicos
Authors: Figueirêdo Júnior Ernani Canuto , Marinho Sandra Aparecida , Torres Renata Correia Sotero Dália , Missias Eucaé Miranda , Pereira Jozinete Vieira , Soares de Albuquerque Mônica
Published: March 2023

O principal objetivo do tratamento endodôntico (TE) é prevenir ou tratar a periodontite apical. Entretanto, fatores anatômicos ou técnicos podem levar à ocorrência do seu insucesso, fazendo-se necessária a reintervenção endodôntica, a qual pode ser realizada por via convencional ou cirúrgica. A reintervenção cirúrgica é constituída pelos procedimentos de apicectomia e pelo preenchimento retrógrado, cuja adequada realização representa uma etapa importante da cirurgia apical. Nesse contexto, diversos materiais foram/tem sido estabelecidos para o preenchimento radicular, destacando-se dentre eles o agregado trióxido mineral (MTA), considerado o padrão-ouro, com altas taxas de sucesso. Diante disso, este estudo consiste em uma análise bibliométrica e uma revisão de literatura obtidos através de estudos clínicos acerca do uso do MTA na cirurgia apical. O levantamento de dados deste trabalho foi realizado nas bases de dados PUBMED, Science Direct e Scielo, incluindo-se um total de 5 artigos. Assim, foram detalhados e discutidos aspectos conceituais e gerais acerca dos materiais de preenchimento radicular utilizados na cirurgia apical, com ênfase no MTA, destacando sua importância, benefícios e os resultados obtidos durante sua utilização clínica. Com base nos resultados dos artigos avaliados no presente estudo evidencia-se que a utilização do MTA no preenchimento radicular em cirurgia apical apresenta resultados eficazes, com altas taxas de sucesso a curto e a longo prazo.
Quantum-enhanced multiparameter estimation and compressed sensing of a field
Authors: Baamara Youcef , Gessner Manuel , Sinatra Alice
Published: March 2023

We show that a significant quantum gain corresponding to squeezed or
over-squeezed spin states can be obtained in multiparameter estimation
by measuring the Hadamard coefficients of a 1D or 2D signal. The
physical platform we consider consists of two-level atoms in an optical
lattice in a squeezed-Mott configuration, or more generally by
correlated spins distributed in spatially separated modes. Our protocol
requires the possibility to locally flip the spins, but relies on
collective measurements. We give examples of applications to scalar or
vector field mapping and compressed sensing.
A szukralóz – rewiew tanulmány
Authors: Gölöncsér Adrienn , Fritz Péter
Published: March 2023

Az energiát nem adó édesítőszerek, ahova a szukralóz is tartozik, hatását mind a mai napig vizsgálják – hosszú és rövid távon is. Jelentőségét az emberek közt széles körű elterjedése és fogyasztása okozza, annak látszólagos ártalmatlanságának köszönhetően. Azonban még mindig sok az ellentmondásos eredmény a szervezetre történő hatásukat illetően. A vizsgálatok részét képezik többek között a mikrobiomra, inzulinérzékenységre, inzulinválaszra, vércukorgörbére történő hatásaik, valamint az összefüggései a rák előfordulási kockázatával. 2000-ben 0-15 mg/ttkg/nap értékben határozták meg a szukralóz javasolt napi beviteli mennyiségét, 2003-ban pedig felkerült az Európai Unió engedélyezett adalékanyagok listájára is (Lugasi, 2016).
Mozogjunk! – Még a technikai eszközök is erre buzdítanak...
Authors: Mayer Krisztina
Published: March 2023

A sport, mint a stresszel való megküzdés eszköze, és mint az ülőmunka kompenzálásának lehetősége talán sosem volt olyan fontos és nélkülözhetetlen az egészségmegőrzésben napjainkban, mint bármikor a történelem során. Bár a technikai eszközök többnyire a kényelmet biztosítják, egyes eszközök és alkalmazások kimondottan azt a célt szolgálják, hogy a rendszeres testmozgásra motiválják a felhasználókat. Ez a tanulmány ezen technikai lehetőségeket mutatja be a teljesség igénye nélkül. Ötletadónak, kedvcsinálónak szánom azok számára, akik „csak úgy” nehezen állnak neki sportolni.
UK in Africa before and after Brexit
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Khakhalkina Elena
Published: March 2023

The article raises the question of the place of Tropical Africa in the system of British foreign policy priorities before and after Brexit. It is shown that the African continent traditionally played an important role in the colonial empire of the United Kingdom, and its importance only intensified under the conditions of decolonization and the Cold War, which was demonstrated by the first visit in the colonial history of the country of the British leader of H. Macmillan to Africa south of the Sahara in February 1960 (“Year of Africa”) and drawing attention to the future of the continent in connection with the acquisition of sovereign status by the colonies. However, after this tour, the weakening of Britain’s ties with the continent in the trade, economic, political and other spheres gradually began to occur, and only after the Brexit referendum on June 23, 2016, the UK announced a reset of relations within the loud slogan and foreign policy line “Global Britain”. In August 2018, Prime Minister T. May made a large-scale visit to the key countries of Tropical Africa, similar to H. Macmillan’s trip in terms of numbers, status and intentions, on the eve of the completion of a series of negotiations with the European Union and the country’s withdrawal from it. In addition to analyzing two of the British leaders’ trips, the article raises important contemporary questions about the incompleteness of decolonization, the future of development policy, and the overall prospects for the UK’s relationship with sub-Saharan Africa. Attention is also paid to the economic aspects of interaction between the parties and the updated priorities of Britain in the context of the pandemic and the challenges of European and global security under the influence of a new configuration of the system of international relations.
The role of values and involvement of young people in various forms of activity in the preference of the online/offline environment
Authors:   Saratov State University, Shamionov Rail , Suzdaltsev Nikita ,   Saratov State University, Bocharova Elena ,   Saratov State University, Akaemova Yulia ,   Saratov State University
Published: March 2023

The paper analyzes the role of values and involvement of young people in various forms of social activity in the preference of online or online environment. The relevance of such a research design is related to the need to determine the determinants of the preference for the environment of social activity in a situation of total digitalization of society. The purpose of the study is to analyze the role of values and realized forms of social activity of young people in the preference of the online/offline environment. The study involved 442 people, average age M = 21.82; SD = 6.23 (men — 33.5 %, women — 64.5 %). We have suggested that the preference for an online or offline environment may be due to involvement in various forms of activity and values, as well as their joint effect. The design of the study assumed the use of the regression method and the method of structural modeling. The following techniques were used. To identify the degree of involvement in various forms of activity, a modified questionnaire was used, built according to the type of direct scaling (Shamionov et al.), the analysis of values was carried out using the Schwartz’s technique “Portrait value questionnaire”, the degree of trust was revealed using the technique “Scale of social trust” by I. Yu. Leonova and I. N. Leonova. The determining role of the Internet-network and Internet search, leisure and subcultural (positive) and religious and sports and wellness (negative) has been established activity in preference to the online environment; sports and recreation, family, and household, cultural and mass, Internet search (positive) and protest (negative) activity in the offline environment preferences. The values of stimulation, power-dominance (positive) and tradition (negative) determine the preference for the online environment, and independence-actions, stimulation, tradition (positive) and interpersonal conformity (negative) — the preference for the offline environment. The joint effect of values and involvement in different forms of activity in the preference of the online/offline environment is revealed. The preference of the online environment in the implementation of social activity is associated with social distrust. The research results can be used to develop programs to balance the preferences of the activity environment.
Implicit attitudes towards gender roles as a factor of subjective career success of women
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Emeshkina Daria , Mararitsa Larisa ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2023

Attitudes of women to gender roles, based on the dominant gender ideology in society, which determines normative behaviors for men and women, are reflected in women’s involvement in career and shaping career paths. The mechanism of the relationship of attitudes with the subjective career success of women is little studied. The goal of the study is exploring the mechanism that mediates the relationship of implicit and explicit attitudes towards gender roles and subjective career success of women. The study involved employed women at the age of 18 to 65 years (N = 91). Four mechanisms were distinguished: career manageability, fear of backlash, work centrality and career planning, presumably mediating the relationship of implicit and explicit attitudes of women towards gender roles with subjective career success. The results showed that implicit and explicit attitudes towards gender roles are not directly related to subjective career success and career satisfaction among women. The mechanism of the relationship of explicit gender roles attitudes and subjective career success turned out to be career planning. Only career planning was correlated with explicit egalitarian attitudes towards gender roles and subjective career success and career satisfaction. Moreover, women with egalitarian explicit attitudes rated career manageability lower and career planning higher than women with traditional attitudes towards gender roles. Subjective career success is correlated with the work centrality and career planning, but not with career manageability or fear of backlash. Implicit attitudes towards gender roles are not correlated with any of the 4 mechanisms. The model, in which career planning acts as a mechanism for connecting explicit attitudes and subjective success, was tested using SEM and showed compliance with the data. Thus, career planning is a mechanism to mediates the correlation of attitudes towards gender roles and subjective career success, career satisfaction.
Construction of instrument for identifying conflict in working team
Authors:   University of Hamburg, Redlich Alexander , Gurieva Svetlana ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2023

In modern society all spheres of our work and life are permeated with communications, which influence, determine and construct our indicators of success, satisfaction. The process of communication can be transformed in different directions, from the formation of long-term, trusting relationships, to conflict confrontation, resistance. In this regard, it is important to expand the knowledge of effective tools for identifying, regulating and forming constructive relationships between teams, groups, neutralizing the negative consequences of incipient or existing conflict. In this article, we present the problem of studying the different communication styles between members of work groups, which often leads to an increase in intergroup conflicts. This is detrimental to interpersonal relationships and work productivity. The subject of the study is the study of team interaction styles that are predictors of tensions leading to inter-group conflict. The task for developing this instrument is based on the assumption that different communication styles between group members lead to group dynamic tensions that may be stimulating and helpful for the team development, but also for generating conflict. The main research question is: “How can team developers and conflict counselors identify different communication styles in work groups and treat conflicts at a very early stage?” The purpose of this paper is to develop a tool for examining communication styles in work groups. The construction of the instrument and quality control is described, from theoretical justification to factor-analytic reduction of 12 items into 4 scales and quality control of the scales. The result is an easy-to-use tool with satisfactory quality that can be applied to groups with many members. It allows group members to carefully evaluate different communication styles and identify relevant differences. Based on it, group members can directly discuss the differences between communication styles and, if a tense situation or conflict arises, deal with them constructively. As a result, this will indicate better group work, trainings, examinations and further optimization of interaction tools.
Water or sediment? Assessing seasonal microplastic accumulation from wastewater treatment works
Authors: Dalu Tatenda , Ngomane Nelisiwe , Dondofema Farai , Cuthbert Ross N.
Published: March 2023

Microplastics have become a major environmental concern around the world due to their potential impact on ecosystem functioning and biota. Microplastics enter freshwater systems through a variety of sources, with wastewater treatment work discharges being the most important source. The study aimed to determine the seasonal (i.e., hot–wet, cool–dry) variation in water and sediment microplastic abundances up- and down-stream of wastewater treatment works across two subtropical river systems (i.e., Crocodile and Luvuvhu) in South Africa. Overall, we found that microplastic type and distribution often did not show clear seasonal and site differences in water, hence microplastics were widespread across the studied systems and microplastic concentrations did not relate clearly to wastewater treatment works. This was further indicated by microplastic risk assessments which showed high pollution loads upstream. However, there were significant differences in sediment microplastic loads across seasons, indicating a source-sink effect towards the hot-wet season. The non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination based on microplastic densities for water and sediment discriminated slightly among systems, with major overlaps across the different locations and seasons. As a result, the current research indicates that seasonal context influences differences in microplastic concentrations, with the hot–wet season being associated with the high pollution loads, particularly within the sediments where this was more pronounced indicating the sink-source effect which is linked to sediments and not water.
Assessing the performance of daily to subdaily temporal disaggregation methods for the IDF curve generation under climate change
Authors: Alzahrani Fahad , Seidou Ousmane , Alodah Abdullah
Published: March 2023

Given the short concentration time in urban watersheds, the design of municipal water infrastructures often requires knowledge of sub-daily precipitation intensity. Sub-daily time series can be directly used in a rainfall–runoff model or to derive intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves and calculate the design precipitation. Given that precipitation projections are typically at a daily time scale, temporal disaggregation using techniques of variable complexity is often needed to evaluate the risk/performance of urban infrastructure in the future. This paper proposes a simple steady-state stochastic disaggregation model that generates wet/dry day occurrence using a binomial distribution and precipitation intensity using an exponential distribution. Daily precipitation data from four regional climate models (RCMs) forced with the high-emission scenario representative concentration pathway (RCP 8.5) were downscaled using the quantile mapping (QM) method. The performance of the developed method is compared to widely used temporal disaggregation methods, namely, the multiplicative random cascade model (MRC), the Hurst–Kolmogorov process (HKP), and three versions of the K-nearest neighbour (KNN) model, using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test. The six disaggregation techniques were assessed at four stations in the South Nation River Watershed in Eastern Ontario, Canada. Results indicate that, despite its simplicity, the proposed method performed well compared to other temporal disaggregation methods when resampling the observed extreme precipitation.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MARKERS OF NEUROINFLAMMATION AND STATE OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN A DELAYED PERIOD AFTER PROLONGED γ-, n-IRRADIATION OF MICE AT LOW DOSES
Authors:   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Rodina A.V. , Zhirnik A.S. ,   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Vysotskaya O.V. ,   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Smirnova O.D. ,   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Semochkina Yu.P. ,   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Ratushniak M.G. ,   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Cheshigin I.V. ,   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Moskaleva E.Yu. ,   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow
Published: March 2023

The study aimed to investigate the effect of low-dose rate (2.13 mGy/h) prolonged γ,n-irradiation at 0.05 and 0.5 Gy on brain microglia, expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes, behavior and cognition of C57Bl/6 mice two months and one year after exposure. The decrease in the number of resting microglia and the increase in the proportion of activated microglia in brain cell preparations were observed after γ,n-irradiation at a dose of 0.5 Gy. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the increased number of microglia cells and unaltered number of astrocytes in the hippocampus after γ,n-irradiation at both doses. Expression of TNFα and IL-1β pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in the hippocampus was increased after irradiation at both doses. Expression of TGFβ and IL-4 anti-inflammatory cytokine genes was decreased two months after irradiation only at a dose of 0.5 Gy, suggesting more intensive neuroinflammation. Analysis performed a year later revealed an age-related decrease in the number of resting microglia and increase in proportion of activated microglia compared to young animals, with more profound changes in male mice. The state of microglia in control and irradiated mice was similar one year after exposure. Neither two months nor one year after irradiation the impairments of motor activity and spatial memory of mice were detected; nevertheless, mice irradiated at a dose of 0.5 Gy demonstrated anxious behavior and decreased spatial learning in Morris water maze one year after exposure. In summary, we showed that γ, n-irradiation at doses of 0.05 and 0.5 Gy induced neuroinflammation two months after exposure. No difference from the control mice was observed one year after irradiation. Disturbances of behavior and spatial memory of irradiated mice were not detected.
CHANGE IN THE CONTENT OF CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS IN MOUSE OOCYTES AFTER INJECTION OF ESSENTIAL PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE CONDITION OF MODELED MICROGRAVITY
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Sventitskaya М.А. , Ogneva I.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: March 2023

The paper presents evaluation of the effect of different doses of essential phospholipids on the cytoskeleton of mouse oocyte microtubes and microfilaments cultivated on a microgravity simulator. Total content of acetylated alpha-tubulin and beta-actin was determined by immunocytochemistry. After the cultivation in modeled microgravity, the relative content of acetylated alpha-tubulin was decreased, whereas the beta-actin level remained unchanged. Injection of essential phospholipids (350 mg/kg of body mass) caused recovery of this parameter in the conditions reproducing the effects of microgravity.
ROLE OF THE NATIVE SPACE MEDICINE AND PHYSIOLOGY IN EXPLORATION OF OUTER SPACE
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Grigoriev A.I. , Orlov O.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Potapov A.N. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: March 2023

The review emphasizes that native space medicine will be focused on biological, physiological and psychological aspects of the human being in light of preparation for next milestones in space exploration. The current knowledge and expertise serve as a solid ground for new concepts and technologies that will safeguard humans against risks and events they will inevitably encounter in an unfamiliar world.
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ANTIHYPOXIC ACTIVITY OF NEW COMPOUND LKHT 3-21 IN EXPERIMENTS WITH ANIMALS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Orlov O.I. , Proskurina O.V. ,   All-Union Center for Safety of Biologically Active Substances, Staraya Kupavna, Moscow region, Yasnetsov Vik.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Skachilova S.Ya. ,   All-Union Center for Safety of Biologically Active Substances, Staraya Kupavna, Moscow region, Shtemberg A.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Yasnetsov V.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: March 2023

In experiments with mice under various models of acute hypoxia a new synthesized compound LKhT 3-21 (50 mg/kg) showed a distinct antihypoxic activity. In comparison to mexicor (50 mg/kg), this compound increased lifespan in a hermetic chamber, under hemic hypoxia and histotoxic hypoxia by 107 %, 47 %, and 70 %, respectively. LKhT 3-21 exceeded mexicor in the effect against acute normobaric hypoxia with hypercapnia (in 1.9 times), acute hemic hypoxia (in 1.4 times) and acute histotoxic hypoxia (in 1.6 times).
investigação científica e a reflexão como alicerces para uma prática de ensino satisfatória
Authors: Dieb Messias , Oliveira Antonio Ivanilo Bezerra de
Published: March 2023

Neste texto, propomo-nos a discutir os elementos que podem tornar uma prática de ensino satisfatória à aprendizagem dos(as) estudantes, tomando como base a relação entre a pesquisa científica e a formação. O trabalho, no percurso de uma pesquisa de doutorado em Educação, foi desenvolvido na participação em uma disciplina do terceiro semestre do Curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia de uma instituição pública de ensino superior, onde realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com 6 (seis) estudantes matriculados. A análise textual discursiva dos dados mostrou que os responsáveis pela formação, ao inserirem a problematização e a reflexão acerca de fatos da realidade educacional, por meio da investigação científica, contribuem significativamente para uma nova postura diante do conhecimento, a qual tende a superar a observação simplória, bem como a participação mecânica na sala de aula e a ideia de um ensino puramente tarefeiro.
Natural Aphrodisiacs: Traditional Use, Mechanism of Action, Clinical
Efficacy, and Safety
Authors: Bubnova Anastasiia Mikhailovna , Galchenko Alexey Vladimirovich
Published: March 2023

Since time immemorial, people have been trying to influence different aspects of their sexuality.
They seek ways to increase sexual activity or sexual desire in themselves and their partners. In addition
to resorting to all sorts of mystical rituals, people were looking for various effects from the use of
natural raw materials. Some plant, animal, or fungal products have been shown to affect libido, sexual
arousal, erectile function, orgasm or erogenous zone sensitivity. Such substances have been called "aphrodisiacs"
in honor of the ancient Greek goddess of love - Aphrodite. Most often, aphrodisiacs were taken
orally, but some were smoked while others applied to the genitals. In modern clinical practice, phosphodiesterase
type 5 inhibitors are used. These are substances, which enhance erection and prevent detumescence
in the presence of sexual arousal. Another group of drugs is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,
which reduce sexual arousal and sexual afferent from the genitals, thus preventing the premature
onset of orgasm in men and prolonging sexual intercourse. However, drugs from other pharmacological
groups have not found widespread clinical application. Another issue now is a trend among people taking
drugs of natural origin, therefore, all kinds of traditional aphrodisiacs are actively used to the present day.
Very little is known about almost all of them. Clinical trials are in most cases limited to a few, often not
randomized, studies. In this regard, it is very difficult to evaluate the adequate therapeutic and toxic doses
of remedies. The situation is complicated by the fact that those few clinical studies were based on questionnaires,
that is, the indicators taken into statistical calculations were extremely subjective. Moreover, it
was uncertain whether all patients could adequately assess their dynamics in terms of parameters such as
sexual satisfaction, or clearly distinguish between libido and sexual arousal. Since the majority of the
studies were not blinded, a psychogenic influence on the results of the investigations could not be eliminated,
which in the sexual area may be huge. It is worth emphasizing the toxicity of many traditional aphrodisiacs.
Of course, there is a serious deficit in the spectrum of pharmacotherapy for sexual disorders.
Perhaps further large, randomized, placebo-controlled trials would add some of the traditional aphrodisiacs
or their modifications to the arsenal of the clinical specialist.
SOCIAL FACILITIES: RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS AND DIRECTIONS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: STRASHNOVA YULIA
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the study is to determine the importance of social infrastructure for a modern city and to identify ways of its urban development (on the example of the city of Moscow). We used statistical data (from official municipal and regional sources), the results of a systemic, typological, functional-structural analysis, and a sociological survey of the population. An assessment of the current challenges of the development of society, an analysis of scientific research in the field of economics, education, and culture allowed the author to determine the importance of social infrastructure for a modern city as a tool for transforming the urban environment, improving the quality of human capital, and strengthening the economic basis of the city. The author proposes a periodization of the development of the social infrastructure of Moscow from the moment of the formation of the USSR in 1922 to the present with the identification of basic political and economic tasks that determined the role and directions of development of the sphere of cultural and community services. In the conditions of the existing structural deformations of the system of cultural and community services for the population, the lack of territorial resources in the areas of existing development, ways to improve the social infrastructure are proposed, including planning optimization of the territory, clarification of the typology and structure of public centers, development of a model of the functional and spatial organization of the service system, methods of intensifying the use of the territory , taking into account the sociological factor, monitoring the level of urban development of social infrastructure. The scientific novelty of this study is the study of the socio-economic basis of the SI problems in various periods of the development of the city of Moscow, the identification of unique modern sociological, planning conditions for its functioning, the development of a system of scientific and methodological approaches to its improvement
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPT OF THE CHINESE ARCHITECT WANG SHU
Authors: VOLICHENKO OLGA
Published: March 2023

The eastern philosophical tradition in the professional mind of the architect is associated primarily with Japanese architecture - the theory of metabolism by Masato Otaka, Fumihiko Maki and the philosophy of symbiosis by Kisho Kurokawa. Today, Chinese architects - Ma Yansong, Zhu Pei, Li Xingang and others - are entering the arena of world architecture, bringing their own approach to the creation of a co-evolutionary space. The purpose of this study is to study the creative concept of the 2012 Pritzker Prize winner Chinese architect Wang Shu. Understanding Chinese traditional culture from the perspective of environmental conservation and respect for Nature, the place of design and the structures and materials used, becomes a hallmark of his work. Consideration of his philosophy and generalization of ecological design methods becomes the subject of this study. The interest in turning to this particular architect is due, first of all, to his attitude to the profession - in the rapidly changing technogenic world, Wang Shu refers to the values of the Craft, expressed in the ability of the master to «feel the thin»”, material, design, combining modern (Construction methods) and traditional (traditional and recycled, previously used building materials). Design based on the harmonious unity of nature and architecture, combined with the active use of recycled materials that were previously destroyed at the construction site of buildings (ceramics, wood, stone and glass) - becomes the characteristic handwriting of the master.
HATA TÜRÜ VE ETKİLERİ ANALİZİNDE BULANIK SWARA YÖNTEMİNİN KULLANIMI: OTOMOTİV SEKTÖRÜ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: BEYLİHAN Eda , ELEVLİ Sermin
Published: March 2023

Hata Türü ve Etkileri Analizi (HTEA), işletmelerde oluşabilecek hataların önceden tespit edilerek, önlem alınmasını ve raporlanmasını sağlayan bir tekniktir. HTEA çalışmalarında belirlenen hataların her birine olasılık, şiddet ve tespit edilebilirlik değerleri atanmakta ve bu değerlerin çarpılmasıyla Risk Öncelik Sayısı (RÖS) hesaplanmaktadır. Söz konusu hatalara yönelik önlem alınmasında hesaplanan RÖS değerlerinden faydalanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte olasılık, şiddet ve tespit edilebilirliğe atanan değerlerin dilsel ifadelere karşılık gelen sayısal tablolardan alınması ve her bir risk faktörüne eşit önem verilmesi gibi yönteme dönük bazı zayıflıklar bulunmaktadır. Son yıllarda bu zayıflıkların giderilmesinde birçok çalışmalar yapılmış olup, bulanık uzman odaklı yaklaşımlardan yararlanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, otomotiv sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir firmanın kalite ekibi ile birlikte seçilen bir ürün kapsamında yapılan HTEA çalışmasında risk faktörlerinin ağırlıklandırılmasında Bulanık SWARA yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre firmanın kalite ekibine yeni yöntemler entegre edilmiş HTEA çalışması ile birlikte, hangi hata nedeni ve türünün öncelikli olarak ele alınması ve çözülmesi gerektiği hakkında bilgilendirme yapılmıştır.
AÇIK MADEN OCAKLARINDA İNSANSIZ HAVA ARACI (İHA) KULLANIMI
Authors: YİĞİT Abdurahman Yasin , KAYA Yunus , ŞENOL Halil İbrahim
Published: March 2023

Teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak son birkaç on yılda veri elde etme yöntemlerinde önemli bir gelişme olmuştur. Ancak dijitalleşmenin katlanarak gelişmesiyle birlikte veriler daha karmaşık hale gelmiş ve elde edilen verilerden anlamlı bilgilere hızlı bir şekilde ulaşmak önem arz etmeye başlamıştır. Günümüzde İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA), maliyet, zaman ve iş güvenliği açısından avantajlı olması ve yüksek performanslı kamera, pil ve küresel konumlandırma sistemlerine sahip olması nedeniyle birçok disiplin tarafından farklı amaçlar doğrultusunda kullanılmaktadır. İHA ve modern fotogrametrik yöntemleri kullanan görüntü işleme yazılımlarının gelişmesi, açık maden işletme alanlarında harita ve 3 Boyutlu (3B) model üretimi çalışmalarına hız kazandırmıştır. Özellikle İHA ile zorlu arazi koşullarında kolay, hızlı, yüksek hassasiyetli ve ekonomik ölçümler yapılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, açık maden ocaklarında İHA tabanlı haritalama ile üretilen ortofoto haritalar ve Sayısal Yükseklik Modelleri (SYM) ile stok ve döküm hacmi belirleme ve ölçüm çalışmaları klasik yöntemler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada 0.13 km2‘lik bir açık maden ocağı İHA’dan elde edilen görüntüler ile modellenmiştir ve kazı hacimleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında klasik hacim hesaplaması ile iki farklı yazılımda yapılan analiz sonucunda 0.98 ve 0.95 oranında doğruluk elde edilmiştir.
DAİRESEL BOŞLUKLU ÇELİK ÇERÇEVELERİN OPTİMUM TASARIMI ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: ÖZYÜKSEL ÇİFTÇİOĞLU Aybike , DOĞAN Tuğçe , ÜSTÜNER Betül , DOĞAN Erkan
Published: March 2023

Dairesel boşluklu kirişler kiriş ağırlığını azaltırken yüksekliğini ve atalet momentini arttırmakta, bu da daha fazla mukavemet ve rijitliğin sağlanması anlamına gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, dairesel boşluklu kirişlere sahip çelik çerçeveler optimum tasarım problemi olarak formüle edilmiştir. Optimum boyutlara sahip dairesel boşluklu çelik çerçeveler ile temele etkiyen ağırlık en az olurken en az malzeme kullanımı ile kaynak yönetimi en iyi şekilde sağlanmış olur. Ek olarak malzemenin en az düzeyde kullanımı ile çerçeve toplam maliyeti de en az düzeye indirgenir. Tasarım kısıtlayıcıları olarak Yük ve Dayanım Faktörü Tasarımı, Amerikan Çelik Konstrüksiyon Enstitüsü (LRFD-AISC) yönetmeliğince belirtilen çelik çerçeve ve dairesel boşluklu kiriş sınırlayıcılarının hepsinin sağlanması beklenmiştir. Tasarım probleminin çözümünü elde etmek için metasezgisel algoritma yöntemlerinden av arama, parçacık sürü optimizasyonu, yapay arı kolonisi, ateş böceği ve yarasa yöntemleri ayrı ayrı çalıştırılmıştır. Böylece algoritma performanslarının kendi içinde kıyaslanması sağlanmıştır. Tasarım algoritmaları, genel bir yüklemeye maruz kalan dairesel boşluklu kirişlere sahip çelik çerçeve üretiminde kullanılacak optimum kolon ve kiriş kesitlerini, dairesel boşluklu kirişlerdeki optimum delik çapını ve optimum delik sayısını seçer. Bu seçim tasarım sınırlamalarını sağlayacak ve dairesel boşluğa sahip kirişli çelik çerçevenin ağırlığı minimum olacak şekilde gerçekleştirilir. Sunulan algoritmaların etkinliğini göstermek için üç katlı iki açıklıklı ve dört katlı dört açıklıklı, iki adet çelik çerçeve örneği dikkate alınmıştır.
YÜKSEKÖĞRETİMDE SONDÖR EĞİTİMİ
Authors: ELÇİ Hakan , DEMİRKIRAN Zülfü
Published: March 2023

Türkiye’de, 1930’lu yıllarda kamu kurumlarında usta çırak ilişkisi olarak başlayan sondör eğitimi, ilerleyen yıllarda ülkemizin köklü kamu kurumlarındaki sondör ihtiyacını da karşılamak için kurum içi mesleki eğitim ve kurslarla devam etmiştir. 90’lı yıllara gelindiğinde ise hem kamu hem de özel sektörün sondör ihtiyacını karşılayabilmek için yükseköğretimde ön lisans düzeyinde program açılması ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Yükseköğretimde altı yıl sadece bir üniversitede ön lisans düzeyinde devam eden sondör eğitimi, 2000’li yıllar da farklı üniversitelerde de sondör eğitimine yönelik benzer programların açılması ile devam etmiştir. Bu süreçte sondör eğitimine yönelik açılan programlardan bazıları, laboratuvar alt yapı, uygulamalar için gerekli sondaj makinası eksikliği ve coğrafi konum gibi nedenlerden dolayı yeterli talep görmemiş ve kısa bir süre sonra kapanmıştır. Yükseköğretimde ön lisans düzeyinde verilen eğitim ile 2621 sondör yetiştirilmiştir. 2022 yılı itibariyle yükseköğretimde dört üniversitede ve toplamda 91 kontenjan ile sondör eğitimi devam etmektedir. Bu üniversitelerden ilki su, zemin ve maden sondajları ağırlıklı sondör eğitimini bünyesindeki sondaj makinaları ile uygulamalı olarak gerçekleştirirken, kronolojik olarak ikinci ve üçüncü sırada yer alan üniversitelerde verilen sondör eğitimi ağırlıklı olarak petrol sondajına yöneliktir. Yakın tarihte sondör eğitimine başlayan üniversite de ise ders müfredatında yer bilimleri derslerinin, teorik mesleki derslerden daha fazla olması ve uygulama derslerine yönelik sondaj makinasının bulunmaması gibi nedenlerden dolayı yakın gelecekte programın kapanması da muhtemeldir. Bugün gelinen nokta yükseköğretimde sondör eğitiminin sadece teorik mesleki dersler ile sürdürülemeyeceği, teorik derslerin yanı sıra en az bir sömestrlik bilfiil mesleki uygulamalı eğitime de yer verilmesinin gerekliliği göstermektedir.
YEŞİL BİNA ÜRETİMİNDE LEED SERTİFİKALI YEŞİL OFİSLERİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: KÖMÜRLÜ Rüveyda , ÖZDEMİR Fatmanur
Published: March 2023

Gün geçtikçe büyüyen ve son 200 yıldır artan çevresel sorunlar insanlığın odak noktası haline gelmiştir. Yapı üretimi de, oluşturdukları çevre etkilerini azaltmak adına sertifika sistemleri oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmada bu sertifika sistemlerinden biri olan LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) sertifikası almış, 5 ofis yapısının kategori ve kriterleri arasında karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Bulgular ışığında yapılarda LEED sertifikası alınırken en çok hangi kriterlerin gerçekleştirildiği ve hangi kriterlerde eksik kalındığını saptanmak hedeflenmiştir. Yapılan karşılaştırılmalı veri analizi çalışmasında, alınan puanları seçilen yapılar arasında genelleyerek yüzdesel verilere ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan verilere göre sertifika kategorilerinden en düşük puan yüzdelerine sahip olan kategoriler “Malzeme ve Kaynak” ve “İç Mekan Hava Kalitesi” olduğu görülmüştür. En yüksek puan yüzdesine sahip olan kategori ise “Su Verimliliği” kategorisidir. Bu eksikliklerin büyük ölçüde malzeme ve inşaat sektörünün yenilikçi bir bakış açısına sahip olmamasından kaynaklandığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmanın, yeşil bina sertifika sistemlerinin, ülkemizde eksik kalan noktalarını tespit etmekte ve bu eksikliklerin giderilmesi adına yapılacak çalışmalar için yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Inoculación de bulbilos de Agave tequilana con hongos micorrízicos arbusculares: efecto en el crecimiento y biocontrol contra Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Quiñones-Aguilar Evangelina Esmeralda , Montoya-Martínez Amelia Cristina , Rincón-Enríquez Gabriel , López-Pérez Luis
Published: March 2023

El uso de microorganismos ha sido una alternativa para promover el crecimiento y biocontrol de plagas y enfermedades en diversos cultivos y agave. En este trabajo se estudió la inoculación de bulbilos de Agave tequilana con distintas micorrizas arbusculares sobre el crecimiento y control de la marchitez causada por Fusarium oxysporum. En invernadero, se inocularon bulbilos de Agave con el consorcio nativo “Barranca de las Nueces”, un inóculo comercial de esporas de Rhizofagus y un control sin micorriza. Después de cuatro meses de micorrización, se registró un incremento del 31 % en biomasa fresca y 61 % en altura de bulbilos micorrizados respecto al tratamiento sin micorrizar; además, de un 28 % de colonización micorrízica en los tratamientos micorrizados. A los 120 días después de la micorrización, un grupo de plantas se infectó con Fusarium oxysporum y cien días después se registró el crecimiento y el control de la enfermedad. Los resultados mostraron solo efecto significativo de la micorrización sobre el crecimiento de los bulbilos y aquellos con el inóculo comercial presentaron el mayor crecimiento. Respecto al control contra Fusarium oxysporum, todas las plantas infectadas mostraron un nivel de medio a severo de acuerdo con la escala generada. Los resultados mostraron una promoción en crecimiento de los bulbilos por la micorrización; sin embargo, no se logró evidenciar algún tipo de control contra la enfermedad, al menos a nivel foliar. Los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares promueven el crecimiento de bulbilos de agave y podrían aminorar el daño de enfermedades en esta especie.