bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the mechanical properties of 3D fused deposition modeling composites reinforced with continuous fibers: Effects of fiber number and negative Poisson structure
Authors: Saniei Seyed Mohammad , Hadizadeh Mohsen , Mashroteh Hasan , Azizi Tafti Roohollah
Published: May 2024

The use of 3D printers is expanding across various industries. The incorporation of reinforcing fibers and structures, such as negative Poisson, has the potential to enhance the mechanical properties of three-dimensional products. In this study, a specialized nozzle is developed for 3D Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printers dedicated to the production of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRT) composites. The primary objective is to enhance the tensile strength and impact resistance of 3D-printed samples. It is achieved through the investigation of strategies such as fiber reinforcement, variation in the number of fibers within the reinforcing yarn, and the creation of samples featuring an internal structure with a negative Poisson’s ratio (NPRS). In this regard, four types of 3D samples are prepared including polymer only, polymer with a negative Poisson’s ratio structure, polymer reinforced with continuous fibers (glass and carbon fibers), and polymer reinforced with continuous fibers featuring a negative Poisson’s ratio structure. The mechanical properties of these samples, including tensile strength and impact resistance, are also compared. The results indicate that incorporating fibers as reinforcement can enhance the mechanical properties of 3D-printed products. Moreover, continuous fibers with more fibers within the same yarn count have an increased strengthening effect. The use of negative Poisson structures significantly improves impact resistance but adversely affects tensile strength.
Musculoskeletal Failure
Authors: Joy Elizabeth A. , Briesacher Mark , Wiegand Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia are prevalent musculoskeletal disorders that significantly impact the aging population’s health and quality of life. Osteoarthritis, characterized by joint inflammation, leads to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Osteoporosis, a condition marked by bone density loss, increases fracture susceptibility, especially in postmenopausal women and older adults. Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, contributes to frailty and an increased risk of falls. Combined, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and sarcopenia constitute “Musculoskeletal Failure.” These 3 conditions share common risk factors like aging, genetics, and hormonal changes, as well as unhealthy lifestyle behaviors resulting in systemic chronic inflammation. Healthy lifestyle behaviors, including regular physical activity and a nutritious diet across the lifespan play a crucial role in the prevention and management of musculoskeletal failure. Awareness of the relationship between lifestyle behaviors, systemic chronic inflammation and the development and progression of these 3 common conditions is a key step in prevention, early detection and are essential for addressing the complex interplay of these musculoskeletal disorders. As the global population ages, understanding and effectively preventing and managing osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia become paramount for promoting healthy aging and mitigating the societal and economic burden associated with these conditions.
Rapid Group Analysis Process (Rap-GAP): A Novel Approach to Expedite Qualitative Health Research Data Analysis
Authors: Hsu Clarissa , Mogk Jessica , Hansell Laurel , Glass Joseph E. , Allen Claire
Published: May 2024

To contribute to healthcare improvements, qualitative health research must adapt to the demanding pace of constantly changing healthcare practices and policies. To meet this challenge, researchers need methods for rigorous and rapid data analysis. This article introduces the Rapid Group Analysis Process (Rap-GAP), a new approach for rapid qualitative data analysis. This method is more efficient than other rapid qualitative analysis methods. It allows for the direct involvement of diverse participants in the analysis process, including patients or healthcare decision-makers with limited qualitative research experience, while keeping the analysis grounded in the primary data (e.g., transcripts). These attributes make Rap-GAP a unique and valuable alternative to traditional qualitative analysis. This article describes the 5-step Rap-GAP process and 3 case studies that demonstrate how to use the method and adapt it for different analytical goals. Future research will evaluate and describe the outcomes of Rap-GAP compared to traditional qualitative analysis.
A single institution experience of the Manta closure device in endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Moonan Ali , Hameed Aisha , Nachiappan Subramanian , Das Neelan , Pantos Athanasios , Valencia Dexter , Kaikini Robert , Prashar Akash
Published: May 2024

Background

Majority of EVAR procedures are performed with percutaneous arterial access, unless there is severe steno-occlusive disease in the common femoral arteries (CFA). We present our experience of using MANTA closure device with a retrospective evaluation of its safety and efficacy, in the elective setting, and in the emergent setting for ruptured aortic aneurysm.

Design and methods

Between Feb 2021 and May 2023 a total of 75 EVAR procedures were closed with a Manta device. Data was collected prospectively and analysed retrospectively. In 75 patients, 128 CFAs were closed with a Manta closure device including 4 emergent ruptured aneurysms.

Results

67 male and 8 female patients with a median age of 77 years had percutaneous EVAR using Manta as a closure device. 128 CFAs were closed with Manta closure device. 3% (4/128) had deployment failures, with three requiring surgical cut down and closure. In one patient, a second Manta device deployment achieved satisfactory haemostasis. Three deployments were complicated by pseudoaneurysms of the CFA, all requiring no further interventions/treatment. No death related to severe haemorrhage from device failure. The pre- and post-procedure CFA puncture site AP diameter was recorded in a total of 106 cases with appropriate follow-up. 66% of these (70/106) had no reduction in CFA diameter post Manta closure. 34% (36/106) had some reduction of vessel AP size CFA post EVAR. No adverse features or further treatment was required due to reduction of vessel diameter in these cases (ongoing yearly surveillance).

Conclusions

Manta closure device is safe and easy to deploy with an overall success rate of 97%. There is a short learning curve. Ultrasound assessment and precise puncture at the healthy section of femoral artery are the key to achieve successful haemostasis with Manta closure device. Our findings suggest there is an association of non-clinically significant mild reduction in CFA vessel AP diameter post Manta closure device, which does not require further intervention.
Telemedicine and virtual healthcare for survivors of sexual assault and intimate partner violence: A qualitative study
Authors: Mercier Olivia , Parpia Rabea , Presseau Justin , Muldoon Katherine A , Sampsel Kari
Published: May 2024

Background:

Survivors of sexual assault and intimate partner violence often face many challenges in seeking/receiving healthcare and are often lost to follow up.

Objectives:

Our study objectives are to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and satisfaction of using telemedicine technology among sexual assault and intimate partner violence patients who present to a Canadian Emergency Department.

Design:

Qualitative research was conducted using a thematic approach.

Methods:

Patients were identified from a case registry of all sexual assault and intimate partner violence cases seen between 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2022 from an emergency department of a large Canadian hospital. Qualitative trauma-informed interviews were conducted with consenting participants. Thematic qualitative analyses were performed to investigate barriers and drivers of telemedicine for follow-up care.

Results:

Of the 1007 sexual assault and intimate partner violence patients seen during the study timeframe, 180 (8%) consented to be contacted for future research, and 10 completed an interview regarding telemedicine for follow-up care. All participants were cisgendered women, 5 (50%) experienced sexual assault, 6 (60%) physical assault, and 3 (30%) verbal assault. All knew their assailant, and 6 (60%) were assaulted by a current or former intimate partner. Three themes emerged as drivers of telemedicine use: increased comfort, increased convenience, and less time required for the appointment. Three thematic barriers to telemedicine use included lack of privacy from others, lack of safety from their assailant, and pressure to balance competing tasks during the appointment.

Conclusion:

This study illustrated that telemedicine for sexual assault and intimate partner violence follow-up care is feasible, acceptable, and can improve patient satisfaction with follow-up care. Ensuring safety and privacy are key considerations when offering telemedicine as an appropriate option for survivors.
The phonological store of working memory: A critique and an alternative, perceptual-motor, approach to verbal short-term memory
Authors: Hughes Robert W
Published: May 2024

A key quality of a good theory is its fruitfulness, one measure of which might be the degree to which it compels researchers to test it, refine it, or offer alternative explanations of the same empirical data. Perhaps the most fruitful element of Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) Working Memory framework has been the concept of a short-term phonological store, a discrete cognitive module dedicated to the passive storage of verbal material that is architecturally fractionated from perceptual, language, and articulatory systems. This review discusses how the phonological store construct has served as the main theoretical springboard for an alternative perceptual-motor approach in which serial-recall performance reflects the opportunistic co-opting of the articulatory-planning system and, when auditory material is involved, the products of obligatory auditory perceptual organisation. It is argued that this approach, which rejects the need to posit a distinct short-term store, provides a better account of the two putative empirical hallmarks of the phonological store—the phonological similarity effect and the irrelevant speech effect—and that it shows promise too in being able to account for nonword repetition and word-form learning, the supposed evolved function of the phonological store. The neuropsychological literature cited as strong additional support for the phonological store concept is also scrutinised through the lens of the perceptual-motor approach for the first time and a tentative articulatory-planning deficit hypothesis for the “short-term memory” patient profile is advanced. Finally, the relation of the perceptual-motor approach to other “emergent-property” accounts of short-term memory is briefly considered.
Effect of Ag content on the friction and wear properties of electrodeposited self-lubricating Ni–Ag coating
Authors: Chauhan Banti , Nadakuduru Vijay Navaratna , Mundotiya Brij Mohan
Published: May 2024

Thin film coatings are required to improve the performance of components to resist harsh environments as the modern industry grows. In this study, Ni–Ag coatings with various Ag content were deposited on the Cu surface using an electrodeposition technique. The Ni–Ag coatings were deposited to enhance the tribological properties of the coatings and increase the service life of the friction-sliding components. Ni–6wt%Ag, Ni–8wt%Ag, and Ni–10wt%Ag coatings were deposited. A solid solution of Ni–Ag was formed in the coatings. As the concentration of NiSO4 decreased in the electrolyte, the content of Ag in the coatings increased with the granular morphological characteristics. The increase in Ag content reduces the coefficient of friction (CoF) on comparing the initial running-in period and is stable after some time. The initial decrease was due to the surface roughness. The CoF and wear rate were low for all Ag contents compared to the copper substrate due to the effect of Ag solid lubricant material in prepared coatings.
Assessment of novel prognostic biomarkers to predict pathological complete response in patients with non-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer using a window of opportunity design
Authors: Akshatha Chitradurga Rajashekhar , Halanaik Dhanapathi , Nachiappa Ganesh Rajesh , Kishore Nanda , Ganesan Prasanth , Kayal Smita , Kumar Harichandra , Dubashi Biswajit
Published: May 2024

Background:

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) includes approximately 20% of all breast cancer and is characterized by its aggressive nature, high recurrence rates, and visceral metastasis. Pathological complete response (pCR) is an established surrogate endpoint for survival. The window of opportunity studies provide valuable information on the disease biology prior to definitive treatment.

Objectives:

To study the association of dynamic change in pathological, imagining, and genomic biomarkers that can prognosticate pCR. The study aims to develop a composite prognostic score.

Design:

Clinical, interventional, and prognostic biomarker study using the novel window of opportunity design.

Methods:

The study aims to enroll 80 treatment-naïve, pathologically confirmed TNBC patients, administering a single dose of paclitaxel and carboplatin during the window period before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Tumor tissue will be obtained through a tru-cut biopsy, and positron emission tomography and computed tomography scans will be performed for each patient at two time points aiming to evaluate biomarker alterations. This will be followed by the administration of standard dose-dense NACT containing anthracyclines and taxanes, with the study culminating in surgery to assess pCR.

Results:

The study would develop a composite prognostic risk score derived from the dynamic change in the Ki-67, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, Standardized Uptake Value (SUV max), Standardized Uptake Value for lean body mass (SUL max), and gene expression level pre- and post-intervention during the window period prior to the start of definitive treatment. This outcome will aid in categorizing the disease biology into risk categories.

Trial registration:

The current study is approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee [Ethics: Protocol. no. JIP/IEC/2020/019]. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov [CTRI Registration: CTRI/2022/06/043109].

Conclusion:

The validated biomarker score will help to personalize NACT protocols in patients in TNBC planned for definitive treatment.
“More About the Neighborhood Than the School”: Leveraging “Don’t Know” Survey Responses to Probe Parental Evaluations of School Safety
Authors: Billingham Chase M. , Kimelberg Shelley M. , Hunt Matthew O.
Published: May 2024

We utilize original survey data to examine factors influencing parental assessment of schools. When asked a series of questions about their evaluation of hypothetical schools in a survey experiment, respondents were given the option to select “don’t know” and explain in their own words what additional information they would want to know about the school in order to make their decision. Respondents were especially likely to answer “don’t know” in response to a question about school safety. We explore patterns of “don’t know” responses through analysis of the open-ended answers that respondents provided. Rather than focusing solely on school characteristics, open-ended responses reveal that parents tend to worry about crime and safety issues in the neighborhoods surrounding schools. We discuss the implications of these findings for education policy, school practice, and education research methods.
Creating Cultural Capital for Dalits and Adivasis: Policy Passage for Their De-marginalisation in Higher Education
Authors: Bhoi Dhaneswar , Lakra Neelima Rashmi
Published: May 2024

Examining policy beyond mere text, this study passionately delves into the lived experiences of dalit 1 and adivasi 2 students in higher education. The primary objective is to scrutinise the profound impact of public policy on the educational, economic, social and political mobility of these students. Furthermore, it investigates how public policy contributes to their de-marginalisation. Employing an explorative mixed-method approach, the study meticulously gathers data from dalit and adivasi students. The findings unequivocally reveal that public policy not only empowers marginalised students but also plays a pivotal role in cultivating cultural capital for their holistic development, importantly for occupational mobility. This research serves as a robust exploration of the transformative potential of policies, transcending the mere theoretical realm and uncovering the tangible effects on the lives of dalit and adivasi students in higher education.
A Bibliometric Overview of Fund Managers’ Bias: Research Contributions and Influence
Authors: Kumari Reena , Parashar Pranay , Sangma Amit
Published: May 2024

The study aims to comprehensively examine the behavioral biases of fund managers by conducting a bibliometric analysis of research papers published during the years 2011–2022 from the Scopus database based on the keywords searched for behavioral biases of fund managers. One hundred and thirty-five articles have been chosen after careful review. This article explains the most cited articles, top authors, leading countries, prolific journals, and important keywords. This study has identified 10 different types of behavioral biases which are summarized in this article. In this review article, we only considered the journal articles excluding conference publications, editorials, and book chapters. This article is based on the existing literature on behavioral biases in investment decision-making processes. This study will be helpful for researchers and academicians to understand the impact of behavioral biases on investment decisions and to reduce it. Finally, this research will provide a roadmap for future research.
”Not a trouble”: A mixed-method study of autism-related language preferences by French-Canadian adults from the autism community
Authors: Fecteau Stéphanie-M. , Normand Claude L. , Normandeau Gabriel , Cloutier Isia , Guerrero Lucila , Turgeon Stéphanie , Poulin Marie-Hélène
Published: May 2024

Finding a consensual term for persons diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder has recently been debated in the scientific literature. Considering the stigma associated with using terms deemed offensive, it is paramount to address autism respectfully and consensually. As of now, this study is the first to consult French-Canadian participants beyond autistic people themselves. This mixed-method study aimed to document and understand the preference and offensiveness of terms used to refer to persons living with autism. Participants ( N = 327) were adults who self-identified as part of the autism community (i.e., autistic person, family or friends, professionals, or clinicians). By means of an online survey, they rated and ranked six terms used to designate an autistic person. Participants also explained their ranking. Results show no consensus for the use of any one specific term. A clear dichotomy appears between autistic adults’ and professionals’ preferences in terminology. The latter prioritized terms related to the medical model, whereas autistic persons preferred using identity-related language. Among all respondents, Autistic person was the most preferred and least offensive term. Thus, we suggest asking for the concerned person's preference whenever possible or using terminology preferred by the majority when this cannot be done.

Lay abstract

Recent studies and editorials by autism researchers suggest distancing ourselves from the medical terms used to name autism. Considering the stigma associated with using terms deemed offensive and the influence culture has on language, it is paramount to address autism respectfully and consensually in a culturally sensitive way. As of now, data on the French-Canadian population has yet to be collected. Participants ( N = 327) who self-identified as part of the autism community (i.e., autistic person, family or friends, professionals, or clinicians) completed an online survey. They rated and ranked six terms used to designate an autistic person. Participants also explained their ranking. Among all respondents, Autistic person was the most preferred and least offensive term by most respondents. An apparent dichotomy appears between autistic adults’ and professionals’ preferences in terminology. The latter prioritized terms related to the medical model, whereas autistic persons preferred using identity-related language. However, considering the French syntax, the latter justified their preference based on identity-first and person-first principles. Because results show no consensus for one term, we suggest asking for the concerned person's preference whenever possible or using terminology preferred by the majority when this can’t be done.
Maboss for HPC environments: implementations of the continuous time Boolean model simulator for large CPU clusters and GPU accelerators
Authors: Šmelko Adam , Kratochvíl Miroslav , Barillot Emmanuel , Noël Vincent
Published: May 2024

Background

Computational models in systems biology are becoming more important with the advancement of experimental techniques to query the mechanistic details responsible for leading to phenotypes of interest. In particular, Boolean models are well fit to describe the complexity of signaling networks while being simple enough to scale to a very large number of components. With the advance of Boolean model inference techniques, the field is transforming from an artisanal way of building models of moderate size to a more automatized one, leading to very large models. In this context, adapting the simulation software for such increases in complexity is crucial.

Results

We present two new developments in the continuous time Boolean simulators: MaBoSS.MPI, a parallel implementation of MaBoSS which can exploit the computational power of very large CPU clusters, and MaBoSS.GPU, which can use GPU accelerators to perform these simulations.

Conclusion

These implementations enable simulation and exploration of the behavior of very large models, thus becoming a valuable analysis tool for the systems biology community.
Greenhouse covering cultivation promotes chlorophyll accumulation of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) by activating relevant gene expression and enzyme activity
Authors: Ma Xueming , Liu Jixian , Li Haiyan , Wang Wenzhuo , Liu Lei , Wang Peiqiang , Hu Jianhui , Zhang Xinfu , Qu Fengfeng
Published: May 2024

Background

The tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is one of the most economically important woody crops. Plastic greenhouse covering cultivation has been widely used in tea areas of northern China. Chlorophyll is not only the crucial pigment for green tea, but also plays an important role in the growth and development of tea plants. Currently, little is known about the effect of plastic greenhouse covering cultivation on chlorophyll in tea leaves.

Results

To investigate the effect of plastic greenhouse covering cultivation on chlorophyll in tea leaves, color difference values, chlorophyll contents, gene expression, enzyme activities and photosynthetic parameters were analyzed in our study. Sensory evaluation showed the color of appearance, liquor and infused leaves of greenhouse tea was greener than field tea. Color difference analysis for tea liquor revealed that the value of ∆L, ∆b and b/a of greenhouse tea was significantly higher than field tea. Significant increase in chlorophyll content, intracellular CO2, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and net photosynthetic rate was observed in greenhouse tea leaves. The gene expression and activities of chlorophyll-metabolism-related enzymes in tea leaves were also activated by greenhouse covering.

Conclusion

The higher contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in greenhouse tea samples were primarily due to higher gene expression and activities of chlorophyll-metabolism-related enzymes especially, chlorophyll a synthetase (chlG), pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO) and chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) in tea leaves covered by greenhouse. In general, our results revealed the molecular basis of chlorophyll metabolism in tea leaves caused by plastic greenhouse covering cultivation, which had great significance in production of greenhouse tea.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the cardiovascular assessment screening program with nurse practitioners and patients: results of a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bruneau Jill , Moralejo Donna , Parsons Karen
Published: May 2024

Background

There is inconsistent utilisation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening and management by healthcare professionals to identify CVD risk factors early and to intervene using current recommendations. To address this issue, the Cardiovascular Assessment Screening Program (CASP) was developed, implemented, and evaluated. This manuscript reports on the second phase of an exploratory sequential mixed methods study that tested the effectiveness of the CASP with nurse practitioners (NPs) and patients in Canada.

Methods

A two-armed, non-blinded, cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) compared the NP-led implementation of CASP with usual care by NPs in community practice clinics across one Canadian province. The NPs were the cluster variable as their screening practices could be affected by their educational training, resources, or other factors. NPs were eligible for inclusion in the study if they were located in different urban and rural community settings and could conduct follow-up visits with patients. NPs recruited and enrolled the patients from their own practices as participants if they were healthy individuals, aged 40–74 years, with no established CVD or vascular disease. Researchers randomly allocated the NPs (n = 10) to the intervention group (IG) or the control group (CG).

Results

Eight (8) NPs and 167 patients participated in the cRCT study. Patient participant-level data were analysed by the originally assigned groups IG (n = 68) and CG (n = 99). Utilising GLM (generalized linear modeling) more IG patients (90%; n = 61) received comprehensive CVD screening compared to the CG patients (2%; n = 2), RR = 30.2, 95% CI [8.76, 103.9], p < .0001, controlling for the effect of NP and BP category.

Conclusion

NP implementation of CASP was effective for comprehensive screening compared to usual care and led to identifying previously unknown CVD risk factors, calculated FRS, heart health priorities and personalised goal-setting.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrial.gov ID#: NCT03170752, date of registration 2017/05/31.
Can the pan-immune-inflammation value predict gram negative bloodstream infection-related 30-day mortality in solid organ transplant patients?
Authors: Ayaz Çağlayan Merve , Turhan Özge , Yılmaz Vural Taner , Adanır Haydar , Sezer Beyza , Öğünç Dilara
Published: May 2024

Background

The recently used pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) has not been adequately studied as a predictive marker for mortality in immunosuppressed patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of baseline PIV level as a predictor of 30-day mortality in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with gram negative bloodstream infections (GN-BSI).

Methods

This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022, in 1104 SOT recipients. During the study period, 118 GN-BSI were recorded in 113 patients. Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory data were collected, and mortality rates (30-day and all-cause) were recorded.

Results

The 113 recipients had a median age of 50 years [interquartile range (IQR) 37.5–61.5 years] with a male predominance (n = 72, 63.7%). The three most common microorganisms were as follows: 46 isolates (38.9%) of Escherichia coli, 41 (34.7%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 12 (10.2%) of Acinetobacter baumannii. In 44.9% and 35.6% of the isolates, production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenem resistance were detected, respectively. The incidence of carbapenem-resistant GN-BSI was higher in liver recipients than in renal recipients (n = 27, 69.2% vs n = 13, 17.6%, p < 0.001). All-cause and 30-day mortality rates after GN-BSI were 26.5% (n = 30), and 16.8% (n = 19), respectively. In the group with GN-BSI-related 30-day mortality, the median PIV level was significantly lower (327.3, IQR 64.8–795.4 vs. 1049.6, IQR 338.6–2177.1; p = 0.002). The binary logistic regression analysis identified low PIV level [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86–0.99; p = 0.04], and increased age (HR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.09; p = 0.002) as factors associated with 30-day mortality. The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that PIV could determine the GN-BSI-related 30-day mortality with area under curve (AUC): 0.723, 95% CI 0.597–0.848, p = 0.0005.

Conclusions

PIV is a simple and inexpensive biomarker that can be used to estimate mortality in immunosuppressed patients, but the results need to be interpreted carefully.
Real-time sports injury monitoring system based on the deep learning algorithm
Authors: Ren Luyao , Wang Yanyan , Li Kaiyong
Published: May 2024

In response to the low real-time performance and accuracy of traditional sports injury monitoring, this article conducts research on a real-time injury monitoring system using the SVM model as an example. Video detection is performed to capture human movements, followed by human joint detection. Polynomial fitting analysis is used to extract joint motion patterns, and the average of training data is calculated as a reference point. The raw data is then normalized to adjust position and direction, and dimensionality reduction is achieved through singular value decomposition to enhance processing efficiency and model training speed. A support vector machine classifier is used to classify and identify the processed data. The experimental section monitors sports injuries and investigates the accuracy of the system’s monitoring. Compared to mainstream models such as Random Forest and Naive Bayes, the SVM utilized demonstrates good performance in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, reaching 94.2%, 92.5%, and 96.0% respectively.
New link between RNH1 and E2F1: regulates the development of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Wenyue , Liu Yang , Yang Ying , Wang Liming
Published: May 2024

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a non-small cell carcinoma. Ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1 (RNH1) exerts multiple roles in virous cancers. E2F1 is a critical transcription factor involved in the LUAD development. Here, we analyze the expression of RNH1 in LUAD patients, investigate the biological function of RNH1 in LUAD, and demonstrate its potential mechanisms through E2F1 in LUAD.

Methods

In the present study, we presented the expression of RNH1 in LUAD based on the database and confirmed it by western blot detection of RNH1 in human LUAD tissues. Lentiviral infection was constructed to silence or overexpress RNH1 in NCI-H1395 and NCI-H1437 cells. We assess the role of RNH1 on proliferation in LUAD cells by MTT assay, colony formation assays, and cell cycle detection. Hoechst staining and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the effects of RNH1 on apoptosis of LUAD cells. The function of RNH1 in invasion and migration was investigated by Transwell assay. Dual luciferase assay, ChIP detection, and pull-down assay were conducted to explore the association of E2F1 in the maintenance of RNH1 expression and function. The regulation of E2F1 on the functions of RNH1 in LUAD cells was explored. Mouse experiments were performed to confirm the in-vivo role of RNH1 in LUAD. mRNA sequencing indicated that RNH1 overexpression altered the expression profile of LUAD cells.

Results

RNH1 expression in LUAD tissues of patients was presented in this work. Importantly, RNH1 knockdown improved the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of cells and RNH1 overexpression produced the opposite effects. Dual luciferase assay proved that E2F1 bound to the RNH1 promoter (-1064 ∼ -1054, -1514 ∼ -1504) to reduce the transcriptional activity of RNH1. ChIP assay indicated that E2F1 DNA was enriched at the RNH1 promoter (-1148 ∼ -943, -1628 ∼ -1423). Pull-down assays also showed the association between E2F1 and RNH1 promoter (-1148 ∼ -943). E2F1 overexpression contributed to the malignant behavior of LUAD cells, while RNH1 overexpression reversed it. High-throughput sequencing showed that RNH1 overexpression induced multiple genes expression changes, thereby modulating LUAD-related processes.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that binding of E2F1 to the RNH1 promoter may lead to inhibition of RNH1 expression and thus promoting the development of LUAD.
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium: a retrospective analysis of data from a single center
Authors: Liu Xueyan , Tian Yanpeng , Yan Shuping , Fu Hanlin , Si Lulu , Lai Tianjiao , Mao Meng , Wang Qian , Bai Jing , Li Heli , Guo Ruixia
Published: May 2024

Background

Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) originating from the endometrium is rare, and there is limited knowledge regarding its diagnosis and optimal management. In this study, we present our experience with 11 patients with endometrial NEC, aiming to provide guidance for clinical practice.

Methods

We retrospectively collected the clinical, pathological, and treatment data of 11 patients with endometrial NEC who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2011 to July 2023. The clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of these patients were analyzed.

Results

The median age of the patients was 55.0 (39.0–64.0) years, and the median tumor size was 40.0 (33.0–60.0) mm. Irregular vaginal bleeding was the most common symptom observed in 10 out of 11 patients, while metabolic syndrome occurred in only 2 out of 11 patients. Six out of the 11 patients were diagnosed at an early stage. Among the patients, 6 were diagnosed with endometrial NECs, while the remaining patients had a combination of endometrial NEC and other non-NEC endometrial carcinomas. All patients underwent surgery, except for one who received only chemotherapy due to multiple metastases. After surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 5 patients, chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy was given to 3 patients, and 2 patients did not receive any adjuvant therapy. A total of 10 patients completed the follow-up, with a median follow-up time of 51.0 (14.3–81.0) months. Unfortunately, 2 patients died from the disease.

Conclusion

NECs originating from the endometrium might not be affected by metabolic disorders. Preoperative diagnosis of these tumors was challenging. The primary approach for managing endometrial NEC can be multimodal treatment centered around surgery.
Healthcare burden changes by restricted physical activities in lumbar spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis: a retrospective large cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Jun-Hoe , Chegal Yebin , Kim Suhyun , Park Hangeul , Kim Young Rak , Kim Sum , Kim Kwangsoo , Lee Chang-Hyun , Kim Chi Heon , Chung Chun Kee
Published: May 2024

Background

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and spondylolisthesis (SPL) are characterized as degenerative spinal pathologies and share considerable similarities. However, opinions vary on whether to recommend exercise or restrict it for these diseases. Few studies have objectively compared the effects of daily physical activity on LSS and SPL because it is impossible to restrict activities ethnically and practically. We investigated the effect of restricting physical activity due to social distancing (SoD) on LSS and SPL, focusing on the aspect of healthcare burden changes during the pandemic period.

Methods

We included first-visit patients diagnosed exclusively with LSS and SPL in 2017 and followed them up for two years before and after the implementation of the SoD policy. As controls, patients who first visited in 2015 and were followed for four years without SoD were analyzed. The common data model was employed to analyze each patient’s diagnostic codes and treatments. Hospital visits and medical costs were analyzed by regression discontinuity in time to control for temporal effects on dependent variables.

Results

Among 33,484 patients, 2,615 with LSS and 446 with SPL were included. A significant decrease in hospital visits was observed in the LSS (difference, -3.94 times/month·100 patients; p = 0.023) and SPL (difference, -3.44 times/month·100 patients; p = 0.026) groups after SoD. This decrease was not observed in the data from the control group. Concerning medical costs, the LSS group showed a statistically significant reduction in median copayment (difference, -$45/month·patient; p < 0.001) after SoD, whereas a significant change was not observed in the SPL group (difference, -$19/month·patient; p = 0.160).

Conclusion

Restricted physical activity during the SoD period decreased the healthcare burden for patients with LSS or, conversely, it did not significantly affect patients with SPL. Under circumstances of physical inactivity, patients with LSS may underrate their symptoms, while maintaining an appropriate activity level may be beneficial for patients with SPL.
Effect of using a kinetic wedge during the hallux dorsiflexion resistance test in asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Gómez-Carrión Álvaro , Sánchez-Gómez Rubén , Reguera-Medina José Manuel , Martínez-Sebastián Carlos , Márquez-Reina Salvador , Coheña-Jiménez Manuel , Moisan Gabriel
Published: May 2024

Background

The hallux dorsiflexion resistance test is a frequently employed clinical maneuver for assessing the initiation of the windlass mechanism This maneuver involves dorsiflexion of the phalanx of the hallux, thereby evaluating plantarflexion of the first metatarsal, elevation of the medial longitudinal arch, and supination of the rearfoot. The windlass mechanism plays a crucial role in gait, and orthopedic devices, such as a kinetic wedge, which aims to facilitate its activation by increasing the hallux dorsiflexion. Although it is believed that facilitating the windlass mechanism with the kinetic wedge should be directly correlated with a decrease in hallux dorsiflexion resistance, its effects have yet to be characterized. Thus, this study aimed to determine the influence of a kinetic wedge on hallux dorsiflexion resistance in asymptomatic individuals.

Methods

The sample comprised thirty participants (14 women and 16 men). A digital force gauge measured the force required to perform the hallux dorsiflexion resistance test during two conditions: barefoot and with a kinetic wedge. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the hallux dorsiflexion resistance between conditions.

Results

A statistically significant reduction in force (10.54 ± 3.16N vs. 19.62 ± 5.18N, p < 0.001) was observed when using the kinetic wedge compared to the barefoot condition during the hallux dorsiflexion resistance test.

Conclusion

The use of a kinetic wedge reduces the required force for performing the passive hallux dorsiflexion resistance test in asymptomatic individuals. Future studies should determine to what extent the kinetic wedge can attenuate the required force to dorsiflex the hallux in individuals with musculoskeletal disorders such as plantar fasciopathy and functional hallux limitus.
Frequency of pharmacogenomic variants affecting efficacy and safety of anti-cancer drugs in a south Asian population from Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranasinghe Priyanga , Sirisena Nirmala , Vishnukanthan Thuwaragesh , Ariadurai J. N. , Thilakarathne Sathsarani , Priyadarshani C. D. Nelanka , Bhagya Hendalage D. P. , Dissanayake Vajira H. W.
Published: May 2024

Background

Therapy with anti-cancer drugs remain the cornerstone of treating cancer. The effectiveness and safety of anti-cancer drugs vary significantly among individuals due to genetic factors influencing the drug response and metabolism. Data on the pharmacogenomic variations in Sri Lankans related to anti-cancer therapy is sparse. As current treatment guidelines in Sri Lanka often do not consider local pharmacogenomic variants, this study aimed to explore the diversity of pharmacogenomic variants in the Sri Lankan population to pave the way for personalized treatment approaches and improve patient outcomes.

Methods

Pharmacogenomic data regarding variant-drug pairs of genes CYP2D6, DPYD, NUDT15, EPAS1, and XRCC1 with clinical annotations labelled as evidence levels 1A-2B were obtained from the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase database. Their frequencies in Sri Lankans were obtained from an anonymized database that was derived from 541 Sri Lankans who underwent exome sequencing at the Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo. Variations in DPYD, NUDT15, and EPAS1 genes are related to increased toxicity to fluoropyrimidines, mercaptopurines, and sorafenib respectively. Variations in CYP2D6 and XRCC1 genes are related to changes in efficacy of tamoxifen and platinum compounds, respectively. Minor allele frequencies of these variants were calculated and compared with other populations.

Results

MAFs of rs1065852 c.100 C > T (CYP2D6), rs3918290 c.1905 + 1G > A (DPYD), rs56038477 c.1236G > A (DPYD), rs7557402 c.1035–7 C > G (EPAS1), rs116855232 c.415 C > T (NUDT15*3), and rs25487 c.1196 A > G (XRCC1) were: 12.9% [95%CI:10.9–14.9], 1.5% [95%CI:0.8–2.2], 1.2% [95%CI:0.5–1.8], 37.7% [95%CI:34.8–40.6], 8.3% [95%CI:6.7–10.0], and 64.0% [95%CI:61.1–66.8], respectively. Frequencies of rs1065852 c.100 C > T (CYP2D6), rs7557402 c.1035–7 C > G (EPAS1), and rs25487 (XRCC1) were significantly lower in Sri Lankans, while frequencies of rs116855232 c.415 C > T (NUDT15*3) and rs56038477 c.1236G > A (DPYD) were significantly higher in Sri Lankans when compared to some Western and Asian populations.

Conclusion

Sri Lankans are likely to show lower toxicity risk with sorafenib (rs7557402 c.84,131 C > G) and, higher toxicity risk with fluoropyrimidines (rs56038477 c.1236G > A) and mercaptopurine (rs116855232 c.415 C > T), and reduced effectiveness with tamoxifen (rs1065852 c.100 C > T) and platinum compounds (rs25487). These findings highlight the potential contribution of these genetic variations to the individual variability in anti-cancer dosage requirements among Sri Lankans.
Kinetic studies on optimized extracellular laccase from Trichoderma harzianum PP389612 and its capabilities for azo dye removal
Authors: Abd El-latif Amira Saad , Zohri Abdel-Naser A. , El-Aref Hamdy M. , Mahmoud Ghada Abd-Elmonsef
Published: May 2024

Background

Azo dyes represent a common textile dye preferred for its high stability on fabrics in various harsh conditions. Although these dyes pose high-risk levels for all biological forms, fungal laccase is known as a green catalyst for its ability to oxidize numerous dyes.

Methods

Trichoderma isolates were identified and tested for laccase production. Laccase production was optimized using Plackett–Burman Design. Laccase molecular weight and the kinetic properties of the enzyme, including Km and Vmax, pH, temperature, and ionic strength, were detected. Azo dye removal efficiency by laccase enzyme was detected for Congo red, methylene blue, and methyl orange.

Results

Eight out of nine Trichoderma isolates were laccase producers. Laccase production efficiency was optimized by the superior strain T. harzianum PP389612, increasing production from 1.6 to 2.89 U/ml. In SDS-PAGE, purified laccases appear as a single protein band with a molecular weight of 41.00 kDa. Km and Vmax values were 146.12 μmol guaiacol and 3.82 μmol guaiacol/min. Its activity was stable in the pH range of 5–7, with an optimum temperature range of 40 to 50 °C, optimum ionic strength of 50 mM NaCl, and thermostability properties up to 90 °C. The decolorization efficiency of laccase was increased by increasing the time and reached its maximum after 72 h. The highest efficiency was achieved in Congo red decolorization, which reached 99% after 72 h, followed by methylene blue at 72%, while methyl orange decolorization efficiency was 68.5%.

Conclusion

Trichoderma laccase can be used as an effective natural bio-agent for dye removal because it is stable and removes colors very well.
Molecular mechanisms of aging and anti-aging strategies
Authors: Li Yumeng , Tian Xutong , Luo Juyue , Bao Tongtong , Wang Shujin , Wu Xin
Published: May 2024

Aging is a complex and multifaceted process involving a variety of interrelated molecular mechanisms and cellular systems. Phenotypically, the biological aging process is accompanied by a gradual loss of cellular function and the systemic deterioration of multiple tissues, resulting in susceptibility to aging-related diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that aging is closely associated with telomere attrition, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels, impaired macro-autophagy, stem cell exhaustion, inflammation, loss of protein balance, deregulated nutrient sensing, altered intercellular communication, and dysbiosis. These age-related changes may be alleviated by intervention strategies, such as calorie restriction, improved sleep quality, enhanced physical activity, and targeted longevity genes. In this review, we summarise the key historical progress in the exploration of important causes of aging and anti-aging strategies in recent decades, which provides a basis for further understanding of the reversibility of aging phenotypes, the application prospect of synthetic biotechnology in anti-aging therapy is also prospected.