bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of stock exchange risk and currency in South African Financial Markets using stable parameter estimation
Authors: Naradh Kimera , Chifurira Retius , Chinhamu Knowledge
Published: January 2022

In the preceding decade, the South African economy has experienced challenges due to global disruptive events, hence, the implementation of risk mitigation strategies becomes a priority in volatile markets. Stable distributions account for skewness and heavy-tailed behaviour which are frequently observed in financial data. This study aims to investigate the fit of stable distributions for three FTSE/JSE indices and the USD/ZAR currency exchange rate. The maximum likelihood method was applied to fit Nolan’s -parameterization stable distribution. Value at Risk (VaR) is measure assessing market risk, therefore, VaR estimates and Kupiec likelihood test are applied to evaluate the extreme tail behaviour of the fitted stable model. Results show the robustness of stable distributions in the long and short position for each daily returns. This research validates the use of stable distributions aimed at capturing the characteristics financial data. Those concerned with curtailing losses and investigating alternatives for financial modeling in the South African financial industry may benefit the most by using stable distributions.
The Impact of the Quark’s Monopole Properties on the Unification of the Fundamental Physical Forces
Authors: Roza Engel
Published: January 2022

It is shown that the four fundamental physical forces, i.e. weak interaction, strong interaction, electromagnetism and gravity, all have their origin in the quark as the single true elementary particle.This requires conceiving the quark as a Dirac particle in a pseudo-tachyon mode, which possesses two real dipole moments: the common one associated with its angular momentum and a second one that is polarisable in a scalar field. This Dirac particle carries a regular charge magnetic monopole without Dirac’s string, theorized by Comay. The boson carrier of its field of energy is the gluon showing an exponential decay of its spatial range because of the influence of an omni-present energetic background field, known as the Higgs field, in this article interpreted as the Lambda in Einstein’s Field Equation.
Serpentinization and Weathering of Peridotite: A Study on the Mineralogical and Geochemical Evolution of the Sta. Cruz Nickel Laterite Deposit, Zambales, Philippines
Authors: Aquino Karmina , Arcilla Carlo , Schardt Christian , Tupaz Carmela
Published: January 2022

While there are extensive studies on the mineralogy and geochemistry of laterites worldwide, the temporal and spatial mineralogical development of a typical nickel laterite profile is still poorly constrained. In this study, we present a detailed mineralogical and geochemical characterization of samples systematically collected from a nickel laterite profile at the Sta. Cruz nickel laterite deposit, Zambales, Philippines, to describe the temporal and spatial development of the laterite profile. Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (WDSXRF), mass balance-element mobility calculations, transmitted and reflected light microscopy, and previously reported results from coupled X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement analyses, reveal that the laterite profile investigated is composed of two main horizons: the limonite and saprolite zones, separated by a thin transitional zone. The main zones are further subdivided into subzones based primarily on the mineral assemblage and major element chemistry: upper limonite, lower limonite, transitional zone, upper saprolite, and lower saprolite. Late-stage Ni-rich serpentine veins were observed cutting the upper and lower saprolite subzones. Investigation of the structure of goethite within the limonite zone via Rietveld refinement show that the crystallinity of goethite decreases with increasing Ni content and increasing crystallite size. This suggests that upwards through the limonite zone, as goethite ages, its crystallinity increases which possibly results in the removal of Ni from its crystal structure and eventual remobilization to the lower laterite zones. We propose a genetic model of the formation of the Sta. Cruz laterite consisting of four stages: (1) early-stage alteration, (2) continued serpentinization and volume expansion, (3) late stage serpentinization, dissolution, and incipient oxide formation, and (4) goethite ageing and Ni-rich serpentine vein formation. Overall, our results suggest that serpentinization is an important aspect of Ni laterite formation, both before and after the emplacement of the peridotite protolith.
A Standardized Nomenclature and Atlas of the Female Terminalia of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: McQueen Eden , Afkhami Mehrnaz , Atallah Joel , Gompel Nicolas , Heifetz Yael , Kamimura Yoshitaka , Kornhaeuser Shani Chen , Masly John P. , O’Grady Patrick , Peláez Julianne , Rebeiz Mark , Rice Gavin , Sánchez-Herrero Ernesto , Santos Nunes Maria Daniela , Santos Rampasso Augusto , Schnakenberg Sandra L. , Siegal Mark L. , Takahashi Aya , Tanaka Kentaro M. , Turetzek Natascha , Zelinger Einat , Courtier-Orgogozo Virginie , Toda Masanori J. , Wolfner Mariana F. , Yassin Amir
Published: January 2022

The model organism Drosophila melanogaster has become a focal system for investigations of rapidly evolving genital morphology as well as the development and functions of insect reproductive structures. To follow up on a previous paper outlining unifying terminology for the structures of the male terminalia in this species, we offer here a detailed description of the female terminalia of D. melanogaster. Informative diagrams and micrographs are presented to provide a comprehensive overview of the external and internal reproductive structures of females. We propose a collection of terms and definitions to standardize the terminology associated with the female terminalia in D. melanogaster and we provide a correspondence table with the terms previously used. Unifying terminology for both males and females in this species will help to facilitate communication between various disciplines, as well as aid in synthesizing research across publications within a discipline that has historically focused principally on male features. Our efforts to refine and standardize the terminology should expand the utility of this important model system for addressing questions related to the development and evolution of animal genitalia, and morphology in general.
Turbulent Poiseuille Flow Modelling by an Enhanced Prandtl-Driest Mixing Length
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: January 2022

The turbulent Poiseuille flow between two parallel plates is one of the simplest possible physical situations, and it has been studied intensively. Different mixing lengths are used, but no one, to the best of our knowledge, has simultaneously considered the boundary conditions of two walls together with damping effects from both walls. In this paper, we propose an enhanced Prandtl-Driest mixing length that not only satisfies all of the boundary conditions, but it also includes both walls' damping effects as well. With our new formulations, we numerically solve the problem and, moreover, propose an explicit approximate solution. As applications of our solutions, the total velocity, total shear stress, energy dissipation density, energy balance, Kolmogorov scale law, and friction of turbulent Poiseuille flow are studied in detail. The study discovers that the high heels profiles of both mean and total velocity are universal for all wall-bounded turbulent flows.
Observational Pilot Study: A comparison of Amino Acids and Derangement of Intestinal Function between Healthy Ageing Subjects and Patients Affected by Chronic Kidney Disease in Conservative Management
Authors: Bolasco Piergiorgio , Aquilani Roberto , Maestri Roberto , Esposito Maria Paola , Deiana Maria Luisa , Cadeddu Mariella , Secci Romina , Casu Barbara , Serra Antonella , Iadarola Paolo , D'Amato Maura , Murtas Stefano
Published: January 2022

Background: A comparison of the amino acid (AA) plasma profile and markers of intestinal absorption-inflammation between healthy subjects aged 65-70 years and age-matched patients affected by stage 3b-4 chronic kidney disease (CKD3b-4) was performed. Methods: eleven healthy volunteers were compared with 12 CKD3b-4 patients at their first outpatient control (T0) and after 12-months (T12). Adherence to a low protein diet (LPD, 0.6±0.1 g/kg/day) was assessed by Urea Nitrogen Appearance. The following parameters were assessed: renal function, nutritional parameters, bioelectrical impedance analysis, plasma levels of 20 total aminoacids (TAAs), both essential (EAAs) including branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and non-essential (NEAAs). Zonulin and faecal Calprotectin markers were used to evaluate intestinal permeability/inflammation. Results: Four patients dropped out of the study; in the remaining 8 residual kidney function (RKF) remained stable, their LPD adherence had risen to 0.89g/kg/day, anaemia had worsened and extracellular body fluid had increased. In comparison to healthy subjects, TAA levels of histidine, arginine, asparagine, threonine, glycine, and glutamine had all increased. No variation in BCAAs was observed. A significant increase was detected in faecal calprotectin and zonulin levels in CKD patients as the disease progressed. Conclusions: This study confirms the finding in aged patients of an alteration in levels of several AAs secondary to uraemia. Intestinal markers provide confirmation of a relevant alteration to the intestinal function in CKD patients.
Image Denoising Using a Compressive Sensing Approach Based on Regularization Constraints
Authors: El Mahdaoui Assia , Ouahabi Abdeldjalil , Moulay Mohamed Said
Published: January 2022

In remote sensing applications, one of the key points is the acquisition, real-time pre-processing and storage of information. Due to the large amount of information present in the form of images or videos, compression of this data is necessary. Compressed sensing (CS) is an efficient technique to meet this challenge. It consists in acquiring a signal, assuming that it can have a sparse representation, using a minimal number of non-adaptive linear measurements. After this CS process, a reconstruction of the original signal must be performed at the receiver. Reconstruction techniques are often unable to preserve the texture of the image and tend to smooth out its details. To overcome this problem, we propose in this work, a CS reconstruction method that combines the total variation regularization and the non-local self-similarity constraint. The optimization of this method is performed by the augmented Lagrangian which avoids the difficult problem of non-linearity and non-differentiability of the regularization terms. The proposed algorithm, called denoising compressed sensing by regularizations terms (DCSR), will not only perform image reconstruction but also denoising. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we compare its performance with state-of-the-art methods, such as Nesterov's algorithm, group-based sparse representation and wavelet-based methods, in terms of denoising, and preservation of edges, texture and image details, as well as from the point of view of computational complexity. Our approach allows to gain up to 25% in terms of denoising efficiency, and visual quality using two metrics: PSNR and SSIM.
A Variable-length Rational Finite Element Based On The Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation
Authors: Ding Zhishen , Ouyang Bin
Published: January 2022

The variable-length arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE)-ANCF finite element, which employ nonrational interpolating polynomials, cannot exactly describe the rational cubic Bezier curves such as conic and circular curves. The rational absolute nodal coordinate formulation (RANCF) finite element, whose reference length (undeformed length) is constant, can exactly represent the rational cubic Bezier curves. A new variable-length finite element called the ALE-RANCF finite element, which is capable of accurately describe the rational cubic Bezier curves, is proposed by combining the desirable features of the ALE-ANCF and RANCF finite element. In order to control the reference length of ALE-RANCF element within a suitable range, element segmentation and merging schemes are proposed. It is demonstrated that exact geometry and mechanic is maintained after the ALE-RANCF element is divided into two shorter ones, and compared with the ALE-ANCF elements, there are smaller deviations and oscillations after two ALE-RANCF elements are merged into a longer one. Numerical examples are presented and the feasibility and advantages of the ALE-RANCF finite element are demonstrated.
Characterization Of Deburring By Abrasive Flow Machining for AL6061
Authors: Kim Kwang Joon , Kim Young-Gwan , Kim Kwon-Hee
Published: January 2022

Burrs form due to plastic deformation of materials during machining processes, such as milling and drilling. Deburring can be very difficult when the burrs are not easily accessible for removal. In this study, abrasive flow machining (AFM) was adopted for deburring the edges of milling specimens. Based on the experimental observations on AL6061 specimens, the deburring performance was characterized in terms of flow speed, the local curvature of the streamline near the burr edge, and shear stress. A new objective function that can predict the extent of deburring is proposed based on these characteristics and validated through experiments. Based on this new objective function, a prediction of deburring performance on the burr edge of the intersecting holes with offset was performed. The results between the predicted and experimental observation results were in reasonable agreement.
Genotypic and Epidemiologic Profiles of Giardia duodenalis in Four Brazilian Biogeographic Regions
Authors: Calegar Deiviane , Nunes Beatriz , Monteiro Kerla , Bacelar Polyanna , Evangelista Brenda , Moraes Mayron , Silva Jurecir , Santos Jéssica , Bóia Márcio , Jaeger Lauren , Carvalho-Costa Filipe Anibal
Published: January 2022

Gut protozoan parasites are neglected and not targeted by specific control initiatives and this have led to a knowledge gap concerning their regional diversity and epidemiology. The present study aims to explore Giardia duodenalis genetic diversity and assess the epidemiologic scenario of subclinical infections in different Brazilian biogeographic regions. Cross-sectional surveys (n=1,334 subjects) were conducted in the Amazon, Cerrado, Semiarid and Atlantic Forest. Microscopy of non-diarrheal feces and nucleotide sequencing of a β-giardin gene fragment were performed. Twenty-seven (52.9%) β-giardin sequences were characterized as assemblage A and 24 (47.1%) as assemblage B. In Amazon, assemblage B was the most frequently detected with 2 novel sub-assemblages. Assemblage A predominated in the extra-Amazon region, with 5 novel sub-assemblages. Prevalence rates reached 17.8% in Amazon, 8.8% in Atlantic Forest, 7.4% in Cerrado and 2.3% in the Semiarid. People living in poverty and extreme poverty presented significantly higher positivity rates, reaching 11.9% and 14.5%, respectively. Giardiasis tended to be more frequent in stunted (21.6%) than in eutrophic children (12.9%). In conclusion, subclinical giardiasis in endemic in Brazilian communities in different biogeographic regions, presenting high genetic diversity and a heterogeneous genotypic distribution.
Athletes and Coaches Through COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative View of Goal Management
Authors: Costa Sergio , De Gregorio Eugenio , Zurzolo Lisa , Santi Giampaolo , Ciofi Edoardo Giogio , Di Gruttola Francesco , Morgilli Luana , Montesano Cristina , Cavallerio Francesca , Bertollo Maurizio , di Fronso Selenia
Published: January 2022

Since the end of 2019 and throughout 2020 the world has been devastated by the SARS COVID-19 pandemic. The sport world suddenly had to deal with a massive reorganization of events with important implications on the physical and psychological preparation of athletes and coaches. The purpose of this study was to explore how these changes impacted coaches’ and athletes’ goal setting strategies and their experience of goal adjustment. As part of a wider mixed-method project involving 2162 coaches and 1354 athletes, an online qualitative survey was used, and data collected were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings highlighted three overarching themes, in response to goal adjustment: “Moving on toward new goals”, “Letting go of goals”, and “Trying to hold on”, with several themes and sub-themes identifying different nuances of athletes’ and coaches’ experience. The implications of such findings for the mental preparation of high-level athletes are discussed in two ways. Firstly, in light of existing literature on goal setting from an applied perspective; secondly, in the broader perspective of the sport culture and the application of our themes to other challenging moments that sport professionals might encounter.
Space-based Deformation Monitoring of Coastal Urban Areas: The Case of Limassol’s Coastal Front
Authors: Fotiou Kyriaki , Kakoullis Dimitris , Pekri Marina , Melillos George , Brcic Ramon , Eineder Michael , Hadjimitsis Diofantos G. , Danezis Chris
Published: January 2022

Abstract: In the last five years, the urban development of Limassol City has rapidly increased in the sectors of industry, trade, real estate, and many others. This exponentially increased urban development introduces several concerns about the aggravation of the land subsidence in the Limassol coastal front. Fifty Copernicus Sentinel-1 data from 2017-2021 have been processed and analyzed using the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) and the Stanford Method for Persistent Scatters (StaMPS). A case study for the identification and analysis of the elements (PS) in pixels in a series of interferograms, and then, the quantity of the land displacements in the Line of Sight, in the Limassol coastal front, is presented in this research, with the subsidence rates up to about (-5 to 4 mm / year). For the validation of the detected deformation, accurate ground-based geodetic measurements along the coastal area were used. Concordantly, taking into account that there are a significant number of skyscrapers planned to be built, this study attempts a preliminary assessment of the impact these structures will pose on the coastal front of the area of Limassol.
Unnatural Cycles: Anthropogenic Disruption To Health And Planetary Functions
Authors: Gibson Gillian , Stewart Alex G
Published: January 2022

Natural cycles underpin the very stuff of life. In this commentary we consider unnatural cycles: that is, anthropogenic activities which have a circularity, but whose nature is to have a detrimental effect on human health, exacerbating existing problems. Natural cycles have feedback loops, some of which have recently come to light, with an understanding that everything is connected in some way. In health, feedback loops are imperative in homeostatic mechanisms. However, in the unnatural cycle the feedback loops serve to reinforce (and in some cases amplify) negative problems. We offer a commentary on an unnatural cycle moving from air quality to lung function and back to air quality; we call this the lung disease unnatural cycle. We suggest where links occur, and where wider consideration of interactions between various disciplines can lead to breaking this unnatural (or vicious) cycle, changing it to a healthy cycle where individual health can be improved, along with better global scale outcomes. We suggest that many activities within this unnatural cycle occur within silos. However, the improved cycle incorporates joint activities at geological, health, and financial levels, to the mutual benefit of all, breaking the unnatural cycle, and improving health, life and financial costs.
A Framework for European Thought on Psychology, Education and Health Based on Foucault’s The Order of Things
Authors: Nash Carol
Published: January 2022

In European thought, the relationship among the fields of psychology, education, and health is both complex and obscured. Foucault’s acclaimed work, The Order of Things, offers a framework to evaluate their interconnection by identifying three distinct periods of European thought since the 16th century with respect to the ordering of phenomena—Renaissance, Classical and Modern. Theoretically dense and often difficult to decipher, the book’s categorization of language, value and being has been understandably underused, yet it provides deep insights into what have come to be known as psychology, education and health and remains invaluable in understanding the origin, limits and consequences of these fields. How Foucault’s analysis can be interpreted concerning the development of these areas as to each of the three periods of European thought is investigated. An approach based on narrative research appraises the analysis offered in the book. The results, presented for the first time in table form, compare these three periods, demonstrating a continuing practical value to Foucault’s insights. With the aid of the framework revealed by these tables, the boundaries and relationship of psychology, education and health become clear and their limitations—plus potential solutions to them—can be identified to mitigate anticipated negative consequences.
The Childbirth Fear Questionnaire and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire as Screening Tools for Specific Phobia, Fear of Childbirth
Authors: Fairbrother Nichole , Albert Arianne , Collardeau Fanie , Keeney Cora
Published: January 2022

Background: Perinatal anxiety and related disorders are common (20%), distressing and impairing. Fear of childbirth (FoB) is a common type of perinatal anxiety associated with negative mental health, obstetrical, childbirth and child outcomes. Screening can facilitate treatment access for those most in need. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the accuracy of the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire (CFQ) and the Wijma Delivery Expectations Questionnaire (W-DEQ) of FoB as screening tools for specific phobia, FoB. Methods: A total of 659 English-speaking pregnant women living in Canada and over the age of 18 were recruited to the study. Participants completed an online survey of demographic, current pregnancy, and reproductive history information, as well as the CFQ and the W-DEQ, and a telephone interview to assess specific phobia FoB. Results: Symptoms meeting full and subclinical diagnostic criteria for specific phobia, FoB were reported by 3.3% and 7.1% of participants, respectively. The W-DEQ met or exceeded the criteria for a “good enough” screening tool across several analyses, whereas the CFQ only met these criteria in one analysis, and came close in three others. Conclusions: The W-DEQ demonstrated high performance as a screening tool for specific phobia, FoB, with accuracy superior to that of the CFQ. Additional research, to ensure the stability of these findings, is needed.
Estimating Dredge-Induced Turbidity using Drone Imagery
Authors: Hayes Madeline , Puckett Brandon , Deaton Charles , Ridge Justin
Published: January 2022

While maintenance dredging of port access channels is often required to maintain navigability, it can result in increased turbidity, sediment plumes, and associated reductions in water quality. Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS, or drones) are increasingly applied to study water quality due to their high spatial and temporal resolutions. In this study, we investigated the use of drone imagery to monitor turbidity in the Morehead City Harbor, North Carolina, USA, during channel maintenance by hopper dredge. Drone flights were conducted concurrently with in-situ sampling during active dredging and post-dredging. Multispectral drone images were radiometrically calibrated, converted to reflectance and then turbidity using two separate processing methods and a single-band (red; 620nm-700nm) generic turbidity retrieval algorithm, and then compared to in-situ measurements. The method of using average reflectance to retrieve a single turbidity measurement per drone image produced agreeable results when compared to the in-situ measurements (R2 = 0.84). This method was then used to generate turbidity maps and extract surface plumes. While this could be considered a limited validation, the results indicate that realistic values can be obtained from drone imagery for low and high turbidity concentrations (1-72 FNU), making drones a viable option for monitoring surface turbidity associated with dredging.
Can Religious Tourism Meet Tourist Satisfaction through its Halal-Friendly?
Authors: Saifudin Saifudin
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of halal-friendly tourism on tourist satisfaction in Demak religious tourism. The exogenous variables of halal-friendly accommodations, halal foods, halal-friendly facilities, halal-friendly services, and halal-friendly locals and other travellers were tested for their effect on the endogenous variable, namely tourist satisfaction. Sampling using purposive sampling. The data used are primary data obtained from 534 respondents. The study results explain that halal-friendly accommodations, halal-friendly facilities, and halal-friendly locals and other travellers affect tourist satisfaction. However, halal foods and halal-friendly services do not affect tourist satisfaction.
The Role of Islamic Social Finance Through Ziswaf and BMT During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Sari Fitri Nurba , Burasukma Mona , Nursolihah Siti
Published: January 2022

This research was conducted to explain the role of Islamic social finance through ZISWAF and BMT during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses qualitative methods that use library research techniques. The results of the study indicate that Islamic social finance plays an important role in dealing with declining economic conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic. The existence of ZISWAF can reduce the problem of poverty due to the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the existence of BMT which can encourage businesses that lack capital and of course can help the government in dealing with existing problems. The role of Islamic social finance is shown by offering solutions to overcome economic problems, namely: the distribution of BLT originating from zakat collection units or from people with more income, assistance in the form of zakat, infaq, or alms; increasing waqf with cash waqf schemes, productive waqf or waqf linked sukuk waqf in order to strengthen waqf; assistance in the form of business capital to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) groups experiencing crisis conditions; providing venture capital followed by a qardhul hasan loan scheme; providing understanding to increase literacy related to sharia economics and finance; sharia financial technology development. The implication is to help the welfare of the poor so that they become more capable people by providing business capital.
Alasan Pemerintah Arab Saudi Mendukung China dalam Kasus Diskriminasi Muslim Uighur
Authors: Putri Yesya Ichsaniah , Ahmadi Sidiq
Published: January 2022

This journal article focuses on the issue of discrimination against Uighur Muslims in China. The purpose of this study is to describe the response of Saudi Arabia to the discrimination cases against Uighur Muslims in China. This study also tries to find out the reason behind the response and Saudi Arabia's policies on this issue. This is a qualitative research, using Rational Choice approach to analyze the attitude of Saudi Arabia’s government behind their decision, and the source of analysis come from the articles and journals. Based on the analysis, this research found that there is one strong reason why Saudi Arabia chose to remain silent about the discrimination cases of Uighur Muslims and sided with China when western countries condemned the Chinese government's actions against discrimination Uighur Muslims. Furthermore, this research is limited in scope by only discussing and focusing in economic, so this research can be refined by further research by discussing and focusing on several things that have not been explained in more detail in this study.
Wacana Poros Partai Islam untuk PILPRES 2024: Politik Identitas atau Penggalangan Suara Oposisi?
Authors: Hamdanny Daniel Rusyad , Mukhtar Khoiruddin
Published: January 2022

Amidst increasing polarization of society after the 2014 and 2019 presidential elections, identity politics has been reintroduced by Islamic political parties. PKS and PPP are trying to initiate the Islamic pollitical axis for 2024 elections. The discourse about Islamic political axis springs due to the fact that incumbents cannot re-nominate as president for next election. Secondly, public trust level toward the executive has decreased due to various unpopular policies that brought about increasing critical voices toward the government. From the internal ummah, the presence of Islamic political figures who consitently won various surveys, stimulates the passion of Islamic political parties to form coalitions to win 2024 presidential election. This study uses a qualitative approach with content analysis methods toward various sources of literature; book, ebook, scientific journals, articles on conference proceedings, as well as journalistic works on the Islamic political axis discourse from identity politics theory, and theories of party coalition’s perspective that introduced by Lijphart and Rikers. The phenomenon of the coalition of Islamic political parties – once called the center axis – has succeeded in bringing KH Abdurrahman Wahid as President, defeating the candidate of the party that won the 1999 election. The similarity of identity (ideological) and interests (pragmatic) became the basis of the coalition of Islamic political parties. In addition to these two reasons, the discourse of the Islamic axis coalition in the 2024 election is also motivated by dissatisfaction with the performance and policies of the incumbent government. The regulation of the Presidential Threshold for presidential candidacy as stated by law number 7 year 2017 makes the coalition of Islamic political parties can be function as an alternative house in accomodating opposition voices. However, the elite of Islamic political parties is divided in responding to the discourse of the Islamic political axis. PKS, PPP, PKB. PBB, and Masyumi (Reborn) supports the idea of a coalition based on political calculations and the interests of each political party. On the other hand, PAN and the Gelora Party reject the discourse which is worried to be increasing polarization in Indonesian society. The Ummat Party's skepticism is backed by the view that the existing parliamentary Islamic political parties are not serious to grasp the aspirations of the ummah and have not been able to offer alternative policies for a better Indonesia. 
An Assessment of Zakat Contributions for Productive Purposes to Empower the Mustahik Economy in the Face of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hamidah Raisa Aribatul , Alam Azhar , Anggraeni Arum , Nizam Renaldi Sahrul
Published: January 2022

People have lost their jobs as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, and many people are now living in poverty. Zakat is one of the Islamic pillars concerned with poverty reduction, particularly in the form of productive disbursement. The purpose of this research is to identify and assess the mechanisms and contributions of productive zakat to economic empowerment mustahik during the covid-19 pandemics. Zakat for productive purposes is wealth that enables the recipient to continuously create creativity using zakat funds. This study conducted in-depth interviews with three Zakat institution staff and seven mustahik who live in a low-income society and are economically impacted by covid-19. This study used the descriptive method, with data retrieval in this study using the interview method, followed by data analysis in the form of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. According to the findings of this study, there are still a limited number of Human Resources available for mustahik coaching and supervision at LAZISMU Pemalang. This paper discovered that not all mustahik use 100 percent of productive zakat funds to develop the business as hoped, but instead meet basic needs. Mustahik primarily requires more fulfillment with short-term benefits in order to sustain their lives. 
Acid Base Imbalance in Dialysis: Risk Factors and Impact on Intradialysis Blood Pressure Changes. Findings from a Single Center Prospective Study in Nigeria
Authors:   Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria., Uduagbamen Peter Kehinde
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Introduction: Despite improvements in hemodialysis delivery, acid base imbalance is still common in the dialysis population and it is associated with intradialysis blood pressure changes, dialysis termination, inadequacy and poor treatment outcome. We studied acid base imbalance in maintenance hemodialysis, its determinants and relationship with intradialysis blood pressure changes. Materials & Methods: A prospective study carried out at Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo between May 2019 and April 2021 that involved 298 participants who had 1642 hemodialysis sessions. Results: The mean age was 51.44 + 7.31 years, with the females been older than males, P=0.04. The mean predialysis and post dialysis serum bicarbonate were 18.41 ± 3.63 mmol/l and 20.61 ± 6.26 mmol/l (P<0.001). The prevalence of pre and post dialysis metabolic acidosis were 79.0% and 38.3% (P<0.001) and of intradialysis hypotension and hypertension were 19.1% and 25.0% (P=0.02). The risk of intradialysis hypotension was negatively correlated with predialysis bicarbonate while intradialysis hypertension was positively correlated with predialysis bicarbonate. The mean dialysis dose was higher in males (P=0.03). Metabolic acidosis was commoner in elderly and females, and was associated with intradialysis hypotension, dialysis termination and inadequacy. Aging and infrequent dialysis, predicted metabolic acidosis. Conclusion: Metabolic acidosis is common in maintenance hemodialysis, particularly in females, aged and infrequent dialysis, and leads to intradialysis hypotension, dialysis termination, inadequacy and poor treatment outcome. Keywords: Metabolic acidosis, Maintenance hemodialysis, Dialysis dose, Intradialysis hypotension, Intradialysis hypertension, Predialysis bicarbonate, Poor treatment outcome.
An Overview of Diabetes Mellitus in Egypt as a Major Public Health Problem
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt., Riad Mohamed , Elshafei Shorouk ,   Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt.
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising rapidly in Egypt with major health and socioeconomic consequences. The shortage of endocrinologists is another important issue in Egypt that must be taken into consideration. Objective: To review and discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, and different ways of diabetes care in Egypt. In addition, the aim is also to analyze the problem of the shortage of endocrinologists and how it can be solved. Methods: Searching and reviewing medical literature using PubMed, Google scholar, and some other gray literature from the World Health Organization (WHO), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Results: Egypt is ranked ninth in the prevalence of diabetes worldwide according to IDF with a prevalence of 15.2% in the adult population in early 2020. The prevalence is expected to continue rising to more serious levels. This high prevalence is attributed to common risk factors in Egypt such as obesity, physical inactivity, chronic hepatitis C infection, pesticides, smoking, and bad eating habits. Moreover, we are in an increased demand for more endocrinologists in the Egyptian health care system. Conclusion: Understanding and avoiding the risk factors of diabetes is a crucial step towards reducing its prevalence and minimizing its healthcare and socioeconomic burdens in Egypt. Effective strategies should be applied for proper diabetes management and improving the quality of life in diabetic patients. Increasing the number of endocrinologists is also a key element for better diabetes care. Keywords: Diabetes in Egypt, Diabetes epidemiology, Hepatitis C virus, Obesity, Smoking, Pesticides.
An Interesting Acute Renal Failure Case which Developed in a Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Basaran Elif , Tel Burcin Meryem Atak ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Kurtkulagi Ozge ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Kahveci Gizem ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Bulunmaz Elif Boduc ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Bilgin Satilmis ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Duman Tuba Taslamacioglu ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Demirkol Muhammed Emin ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Aktas Gulali ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey.
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as a chronic and progressive deterioration in kidney functions such as, balancing fluid-solute equilibrium and metabolic-endocrine effects as a result of a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. In present case, we aimed to report an acute renal failure case in an elderly man with CKD. A sixty two year old man presented with dyspnea, leg swelling and loss of appetite for two weeks. He is diagnosed with acute exacerbation of CKD caused by infected diabetic foot ulcer. He responded well to antibiotic and diuretic treatment. Management of acute exacerbation of kidney failure in patients with CKD requires a systematic approach and elimination of underlying causes. Careful treatment usually results in restoration of kidney function to the pre-exacerbation stage. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Diabetic foot ulcer, Diuretic, Antibiotic, Kidney function, Glomerular filtration rate.
INDICAÇÃO DE USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO DA COMUNIDADE QUILOMBOLA BARRA DO AROEIRA – SANTA TEREZA DO TOCANTINS - TO
Authors: Ramos Michele Ribeiro , Borges do Amorim Matheus , De Campos Maia Pereira Olivia de Campos Maia Pereira , Caroline Silva Leitão Gomes Andressa
Published: January 2022

O uso do solo deve ser planejado antes de qualquer intervenção em áreas agrícolas e / ou urbanas e a avaliação das características do solo é um fator chave para a tomada de decisão. Para colocá-lo em prática, foi realizado o diagnóstico territorial da comunidade quilombola “Barra da Aroeira”, localizada no município de Santa Tereza do Tocantins - TO, para avaliar o uso do solo por meio dos critérios de capacidade de uso e aptidão agrícola do sistema. Anteriormente, era realizado um levantamento de solo para definir a distribuição das classes de solo e permitir uma melhor compreensão da ocupação do solo. O mapeamento do solo foi realizado em escala semi-detalhada e as trincheiras foram distribuídas por toda a área pesquisada. Em cada trincheira, os horizontes foram identificados, descritos e amostras deformadas foram coletadas para análises químicas e granulométricas. Além disso, amostras indeformadas (utilizando anéis de Kopecky) foram coletadas, quando possível, para um levantamento físico-hídrico. Após a análise dos dados pedológicos, hipsométricos e climáticos/vegetacionais, foi realizada a sistematização. Cinco classes de solo foram encontradas na área de estudo, a saber: Plintossolos, Neossolos, Cambissolos, Gleissolos e Latossolos. Os mapas de capacidade de uso e aptidão agrícola foram elaborados considerando as necessidades de produção dos moradores em termos de lavouras, bem como as potencialidades e limitações dos solos da área, visando propostas de uso sustentável. Foi diagnosticado que a maior parte da área não apresentava boas condições de uso agrícola, além de alto potencial erosivo, com base nas condições naturais da região e na capacidade orçamentária dos moradores.
AS CARACTERÍSTICAS DA GEOGRAFIA DA SAÚDE NO BRASIL
Authors: Furtado Machado Anute Pollyana , Sales de Paula Iago , Sampaio de Farias Cleilton
Published: January 2022

A geografia da saúde é uma área de estudos que tem como objetivo investigar, interpretar e explicar o modo como os fatores sociais e as desigualdades socioeconômicas afetam as questões de saúde de uma determinada população. Visando compreender melhor as áreas de estudo dessa disciplina na atualidade, realizamos uma revisão bibliométrica dos artigos publicados na revista Hygeia, visto que a mesma é uma referência em Geografia da Saúde. Para isso, analisamos cada um dos artigos publicados no período de 2012 a 2019, identificando as instituições, os estados e as regiões que mais publicaram na revista, o gênero dos autores, suas titulações, as vertentes e abordagens geográficas e as doenças mais recorrentes nas pesquisas. Todos os dados foram tabulados no Excel, cruzados e transformados em gráficos para melhor facilitar a discussão. Verificamos que a região que mais publica na revista é a Sudeste, que o número de homens e de mulheres que publicam na revista estão muito próximos, que grade parte dos autores possui doutorado, que os artigos que possuem uma abordagem de análise espacial sempre direcionam seus estudos para a vertente da atenção médica, e os artigos que possuem uma abordagem ecológica analisam sempre os fenômenos a partir da abordagem nosogeográfica. Por fim, as doenças mais recorrentes nos artigos são a dengue, a Leishmaniose visceral e a hanseníase.
NOTA EDITORIAL: REVISTA GEONORTE, V.12, N.40, JUL-DEZ, 2021
Authors: Marinho Rogério Ribeiro
Published: January 2022

É com grande satisfação que publicamos o novo número da REVISTA GEONORTE, V.12, N.40, JUL-DEZ, 2021.Gostaríamos de agradecer a todos os autores e autoras pelas contribuições, que consolidam a Revista Geonorte no âmbito nacional. Não poderíamos deixar de agradecer aos pareceristas e aos membros do conselho científico, pelo trabalho cuidadoso e de excelência que tem sido incorporado à Revista Geonorte.Esse é o primeiro número da Revista Geonorte sob a nova coordenação/editoração. Iniciamos uma nova fase do processo editorial da Revista Geonorte, em que pretendemos dar continuidade ao excelente trabalho desenvolvido pelo Prof. Dr. João Candido André da Silva Neto, que entre os anos de 2017 e 2021 colocou a Geonorte no Estrato B1 do Qualis (NOVO) Capes. No entanto, reconhecemos o desafio de divulgar a produção científica de qualidade e de forma gratuita, que se torna cada vez maior principalmente nestes tempos de pandemia.O atual número da REVISTA GEONORTE apresenta sete artigos científicos relacionados à Geografia e áreas afins, apresentando contribuições científicas de pesquisadores de diferentes regiões do Brasil.
Engineered Exosomes for the Targeted Delivery of A Novel Therapeutic Cargo to Enhance Sorafenib-Mediated Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Authors: Li Xiaoju , yu Qianqian , Guo Xinyan , Liu Chenlin , Zhao Runze , Zhang Kuo , Zhang Wangqian , Liu Jinghan , Sun guanchao , Wang Shuning , Hao Qiang , Li Weina , Li Meng , Zhang Yingqi , Zhang Cun , gao yuan
Published: January 2022

Background

Sorafenib is one of the few effective first-line drugs approved for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the development of drug resistance is common among individuals with HCC. Thus, there is an urgent need to solve this problem.
Results

Recent evidence indicated that the anticancer activity of sorafenib mainly relies on the induction of ferroptosis. In our study, genes that suppress ferroptosis, especially GPX4 and DHODH, were enriched in sorafenib-resistant cells and primary tissues and were associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients who received sorafenib treatment. Therefore, silencing GPX4 and DHODH might be a new and effective strategy to overcome sorafenib resistance. Here, a new ferroptosis inducer comprising a multiplex small interfering RNA (multi-siRNA) capable of simultaneously silencing GPX4 and DHODH was created. Then, exosomes with high multi-siRNA loading and HCC-specific targeting were established by fusing the SP94 peptide and the N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM) of U1-A with the exosomal membrane protein Lamp2b. The results from the in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that this tumor-targeting nanodelivery system (ExoSP94−lamp2b−RRM-multi-siRNA) could enhance sorafenib-induced ferroptosis and overcome sorafenib resistance, which might open a new avenue for clinically overcoming sorafenib resistance.
Conclusions

We designed HCC-targeted exosomes (ExoSP94−Lamp2b−RRM) that can deliver a new ferroptosis inducer. Our data show that ExoSP94−lamp2b−RRM-multi-siRNA could enhance sorafenib-induced ferroptosis by silencing GPX4 and DHODH expression and consequently increase HCC sensitivity to sorafenib. This is the first study to describe the use of engineered exosomes to overcome acquired sorafenib resistance with respect to ferroptosis.
Comparison of Clinical Features of Acute Esophageal Mucosal Lesions and Those of Reflux Esophagitis Los Angeles Classification Grade D
Authors: Ichita Chikamasa , Sasaki Akiko , Sumida Chihiro , Nishino Takashi , Kubota Jun , Kimura Karen , Shionoya Kento , Makazu Makomo , Masuda Sakue , Koizumi Kazuya , Kako Makoto
Published: January 2022

Background: Acute esophageal mucosal lesions (AEMLs) cause circumferential mucosal damage in the lower esophagus in patients with deteriorating general health. However, its etiology remains unclear. AEML is often diagnosed and treated as severe reflux esophagitis (sRE), particularly that of Los Angeles classification grade D (sRE-D). This study aimed to determine whether it is appropriate to classify these two diseases according to the characteristics of the proximal mucosa of erosion as previously reported, and to clarify the clinical features of AEML in comparison with sRE-D.Methods: Patients were classified into AEML and sRE-D groups, based on previous reports. Patient background, presence of shock, medical history, medications, comorbidities, death during hospitalization, blood sampling data, endoscopic findings, and presence of stenosis after treatment were evaluated.Results: There were significantly more cases with comorbidities in the AEML group than in the sRE-D group, particularly comorbidities involving infectious diseases. In addition, abnormalities in blood test results were significantly more frequent in the AEML group than in the sRE-D group. This suggests that the onset of AEML may be due to peripheral circulatory disturbance caused by worsening general condition.Conclusions: AEML and sRE-D showed distinctly different features and it was considered reasonable to distinguish them. AEML, unlike sRE-D, may be caused by microcirculatory disturbances related to comorbidities rather than gastric acid reflux. However, it is under-recognized and should be considered in the setting of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with deteriorating general condition.