bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency information based memory dynamic output feedback control for discrete‐time systems
Authors: Wang Meng
Published: December 2021

This article studies the problem of frequency information based memory dynamic output feedback (MDOF) control for discrete‐time systems. A novel design method for MDOF controllers is proposed based on not only the current output measurements and controller states, but also useful past output measurements and controller states, which tend to be less conservative than conventional memoryless controllers. Sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the asymptotic stability with finite frequency specifications of the closed loop system, and then MDOF controller synthesis results are obtained in the form of linear matrix inequalities, which include the conventional memoryless and/or non‐frequency information based control methods as their special cases. It is also proved that the control performance can be enhanced with the increase of the memory capacity of the MDOF controller. Finally, simulation studies are given to show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed MDOF controller design method over the conventional memoryless and/or non‐frequency information control approaches.
Language and Religion
Authors: García Portilla Jason
Published: December 2021

This chapter explores the influence of religion and hegemony on language by concentrating on English, German and the Romance languages widely spoken in Europe and the Americas.

Bible translations have helped to keep alive native languages. German and English are associated with the Reformation and have thus been highly influenced by the Bible. In turn, Roman languages are associated with the status quo of the Roman Empire, i.e. Roman Church-State. The Roman Church-State condemned—and sought to impede—any effort to bring the Holy Scriptures within reach of common people, in order to prevent what happened in Germany and England. Thus, the influence of the Bible on Latin languages has been limited.
Case Selection Criteria, Methods, and Data Treatment
Authors: García Portilla Jason
Published: December 2021

This chapter examines the criteria for selecting the cases analysed in this study. It explains the application of critical discourse analysis (CDA) as its principal empirical method. It discusses CDA methods and data treatment as well as the empirical analysis of CDA results. Finally, it compares and summarises the case selection criteria.

Four countries were compared: Switzerland, Uruguay, Cuba, and Colombia. These cases are also linked to the correlated variables in the quantitative model and to the sufficient conditions in the QCA. Cases were selected based on the “extreme case method”.

Each of the selected countries serves as a proxy of a larger group of countries (Latin American Strong Catholic, Secular, Communism, Protestant or mixed Old World.).

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) and religion constitute the qualitative method (micro-component). Sixty semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using memos and open coding.
Fazit: Die Entstehung von Themen in der Planungswissenschaft
Authors: Gravert Andreas
Published: December 2021

In diesem Kapitel werden die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zusammengetragen und die Forschungsfrage ‚Wie entstehen Themen in der Planungswissenschaft?‘ in komprimierter Form beantwortet. Dafür werden zunächst die empirischen Befunde zu den Themenkarrieren Schrumpfende Städte und Klimawandel in eine allgemeine Beschreibung der Entstehung von Themen in der Planungswissenschaft überführt. Die eigentliche Funktion der Phasenheuristik kommt hier zum Tragen: Durch sie werden die empirischen Analysen zu den beiden Themenkarrieren in jeweils vergleichbare Segmente aufgeteilt, sodass die konkreten Ereignisse und Prozesse in einem synoptischen Phasenverlauf eingeordnet werden können (siehe Kp. 9.1). Auf dieser Grundlage wird nach den Faktoren geforscht, die maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der fachgemeinschaftlichen Aufmerksamkeit gegenüber den beiden Themenverläufen hatten. Hier werden generalisierbare Mechanismen abgeleitet, die den beiden planungswissenschaftlichen Themenkarrieren zu Grunde liegen (siehe Kp. 9.2). Schließlich wird auf die Auswirkungen eingegangen, die die temporären Fokussierungen auf die planungswissenschaftliche Disziplin haben (siehe Kp. 9.3).
Unsachgemäße Systemtherapie bei schwerer atopischer Dermatitis – fatale Langzeitschäden
Authors: Abeck F. , Booken N. , Schneider S.
Published: December 2021

Die Therapiemöglichkeiten der schweren atopischen Dermatitis waren bis vor Kurzem sehr begrenzt und haben sich mit der Zulassung des ersten Biologikums Dupilumab Ende 2017 bis heute deutlich verbessert. Aktuell wurden mit dem Biologikum Tralokinumab sowie den Januskinase-Inhibitoren Baricitinib und Upadacitinib weitere neue Systemtherapeutika zugelassen. Dennoch gibt es Fälle, in denen es zur Nichtberücksichtigung moderner Behandlungsmöglichkeiten kommt, wie die Falldarstellung eines 28-jährigen Patienten mit schwerwiegenden Nebenwirkungen einer Langzeitbehandlung mit systemischen Glukokortikosteroiden zeigt. Neben der umfangreichen Abklärung der Folgeschäden, erfolgten die Einleitung einer leitliniengerechten Therapie mit Dupilumab sowie eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit mit Endokrinologen, Ophthalmologen, Osteologen und Ernährungsmedizinern.
Proving the Lorentz Invariance of the Entropy and the Covariance of Thermodynamics
Authors: Gavassino L.
Published: December 2021

The standard argument for the Lorentz invariance of the thermodynamic entropy in equilibrium is based on the assumption that it is possible to perform an adiabatic transformation whose only outcome is to accelerate a macroscopic body, keeping its rest mass unchanged. The validity of this assumption constitutes the very foundation of relativistic thermodynamics and needs to be tested in greater detail. We show that, indeed, such a transformation is always possible, at least in principle. The only two assumptions invoked in the proof are that there is at least one inertial reference frame in which the second law of thermodynamics is valid and that the microscopic theory describing the internal dynamics of the body is a field theory, with Lorentz invariant Lagrangian density. The proof makes no reference to the connection between entropy and probabilities and is valid both within classical and quantum physics. To avoid any risk of circular reasoning, we do not postulate that the laws of thermodynamics are the same in every reference frame, but we obtain this fact as a direct consequence of the Lorentz invariance of the entropy.
Rainbow Ramsey Problems for the Boolean Lattice
Authors: Chang Fei-Huang , Gerbner Dániel , Li Wei-Tian , Methuku Abhishek , Nagy Dániel T. , Patkós Balázs , Vizer Máté
Published: December 2021

We address the following rainbow Ramsey problem: For posets P, Q what is the smallest number n such that any coloring of the elements of the Boolean lattice Bn either admits a monochromatic copy of P or a rainbow copy of Q. We consider both weak and strong (non-induced and induced) versions of this problem.
The Epistemic Value of Affective Disruptability
Authors: von Maur Imke
Published: December 2021

In order to explore how emotions contribute positively or negatively to understanding the meaning of complex socio-culturally specific phenomena, I argue that we must take into account the habitual dimension of emotions – i.e., the emotion repertoire that a feeling person acquires in the course of their affective biography. This brings to light a certain form of alignment in relation to affective intentionality that is key to comprehending why humans understand situations in the way they do and why it so often is especially hard to understand things differently. A crucial epistemic problem is that subjects often do not even enter a process of understanding, i.e., they do not even start to consider a specific object, theory, circumstance, other being, etc. in different ways than the familiar one. The epistemic problem at issue thus lies in an unquestioned faith in things being right the way they are taken to be. By acknowledging the habitual dimension of affective intentionality, I analyze reasons for this inability and suggest that being affectively disruptable and cultivating a pluralistic emotion repertoire are crucial abilities to overcome this epistemic problem.
In-Season Nutrition Strategies and Recovery Modalities to Enhance Recovery for Basketball Players: A Narrative Review
Authors: Davis Jon K. , Oikawa Sara Y. , Halson Shona , Stephens Jessica , O’Riordan Shane , Luhrs Kevin , Sopena Bridget , Baker Lindsay B.
Published: December 2021

Basketball players face multiple challenges to in-season recovery. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on recovery modalities and nutritional strategies for basketball players and practical applications that can be incorporated throughout the season at various levels of competition. Sleep, protein, carbohydrate, and fluids should be the foundational components emphasized throughout the season for home and away games to promote recovery. Travel, whether by air or bus, poses nutritional and sleep challenges, therefore teams should be strategic about packing snacks and fluid options while on the road. Practitioners should also plan for meals at hotels and during air travel for their players. Basketball players should aim for a minimum of 8 h of sleep per night and be encouraged to get extra sleep during congested schedules since back-to back games, high workloads, and travel may negatively influence night-time sleep. Regular sleep monitoring, education, and feedback may aid in optimizing sleep in basketball players. In addition, incorporating consistent training times may be beneficial to reduce bed and wake time variability. Hydrotherapy, compression garments, and massage may also provide an effective recovery modality to incorporate post-competition. Future research, however, is warranted to understand the influence these modalities have on enhancing recovery in basketball players. Overall, a strategic well-rounded approach, encompassing both nutrition and recovery modality strategies, should be carefully considered and implemented with teams to support basketball players’ recovery for training and competition throughout the season.
Identification of rare-earth minerals associated to K-feldspar: Capacsaya project in Peru
Authors: Ochoa J. , Monteblanco E. , Cerpa L. , Gutarra-Espinoza A. , Avilés-Félix L.
Published: December 2021

A recently discovered the rare-earth-rich site in Capacsaya, located at 123 km northwest of Cusco, at the south of Peru, contains significant quantities of light and heavy rare-earth elements such as neodymium, lanthanum, cerium, europium, and yttrium. This work reports the identification of rare-earth elements and their associated minerals using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. Five (5) samples extracted from different locations at the Capacsaya site were characterized and identified K-feldspar as the mineral associated with the rare-earth elements in a representative sample with a high concentration of lanthanum and cerium. The results showed rare-earth elements contained within the mineral phase monazite, being cerium the dominant element in the phase (La, Ce, Nd)PO$$_4$$

4

. Finally, through the electrostatic separation process we demonstrate that it was possible to achieve an efficient separation of the K-feldspar phase in the particle size range 75–150 $$\upmu$$
μ
m.
Optimization and biosynthesis of calcined chicken eggshell doped titanium dioxide photocatalyst based nanoparticles for wastewater treatment
Authors: Bullo Tafere Aga , Bayisa Yigezu Mekonnen , Bultum Mohammed Seid
Published: December 2021

This study presents, biosynthesis of calcinated eggshell (CES) doped with Titanium dioxide (TiO2,) photocatalyst for photodegradation of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater. The influence of three independent variables for improving photodegradation efficiency was investigated and optimized using response surface methodology of Box–Behnken Design on the removal of methylene blue using the calcined chicken eggshells (CES) doped with titanium dioxide. The experimental result showed that 95.8% degradation efficiency of methylene blue by prepared photocatalyst at a contact time of 180 min, initial concentration of methylene blue of 10 ppm, and calcined eggshells (CES) doped with titanium dioxide dose of 2.5 g/L. The synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-spectrometer, and X-ray diffractometer and UV–vis Spectroscopy for determined their functional group, structure, and bandgap energy respectively. Their results depict the calcined eggshell doped with titanium dioxide photocatalyst is a promising option for the degradation of methylene blue from industrial wastewater under the stated condition.

Highlights

Analysis of chicken eggshell wastes are being used as photocatalyst source to calcinated eggshell doped TiO2, i.e., ‘Waste to photocatalyst’ for production of viable sustainable products to bio photocatalyst from wastewater to fulfill the need of an expensive metal-doped catalyst.

Photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue experiment has been done.

The highest degradation efficiency of 95.8% methylene blue was obtained at a contact time of 180 min, 10 ppm of initial concentration of methylene blue, and a dopant dose of 2.5 g/L by using prepared photocatalyst.
Assessment of rate of penetration of a tunnel boring machine in the longest railway tunnel of Turkey
Authors: Gokceoglu Candan
Published: December 2021

One of the most important issues in tunnels to be constructed with tunnel boring machines (TBMs) is to predict the excavation time. Excavation time directly affects tunnel costs and feasibility. For this reason, studies on the prediction of TBM performance have always been interesting for tunnel engineers. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to develop models to predict the rate of penetration (ROP) of TBMs. In accordance with the purpose of the study, a new database including 5334 cases is obtained from the longest railway tunnel of Turkey. Each case includes uniaxial compressive strength, Cerchar Abrasivity Index, α angle, weathering degree and water conditions as input or independent variables. Two multiple regression models and two ANN models are developed in the study. The performances of the ANN models are considerably better than those of the multiple regression equations. Before deep tunnel construction in a metamorphic rock medium, the ANN models developed in the study are reliable and can be used. In contrast, the performances of the multiple regression equations are promising, but they predict lower ROP values than the measured ROP values. Consequently, the prediction models for ROP are open to development depending on the new data and new prediction algorithms.
Zionism’s Redemptions
Authors: Saposnik Arieh
Published: December 2021

In this volume, Arieh Saposnik examines the complicated relations between nationalism and religious (and non-religious) redemptive traditions through the case study of Zionism. He provides a new framework for understanding the central ideas of this movement and its relationship to traditional Jewish ideas, Christian thought, and modern secular messianisms. Providing a longue-durée and broad view of the central themes and motivations in the making of Zionism, Saposnik connects its intellectual history with the concrete development of the Zionist project in Israel in its cultural, social, and political history. Saposnik demonstrates how Zionism offers lessons for a politics in which human perfectibility continues to serve as a guiding light and as a counter-narrative to the contemporary politics of self-interest, self-promotion and 'post-truth.' This is a study that bears implications for our understanding of modernity, of space and place, history and historical trajectories, and the place of Jews and Judaism in the modern world.
Governing Democracy Outside the Law: India's Election Commission and the Challenge of Accountability
Authors: Bhat M. Mohsin Alam
Published: December 2021

Comparative law and politics literature widely recognizes the role of election management bodies (EMBs) in securing the well-being of constitutional democracies. Scholars have noted the political desirability of both independence and accountability of these institutions. But striking balance between these two values is easier said than done. This Article highlights the dilemma of accountability by focusing on India's Election Commission (ECI) as a paradigmatic version of a powerful EMB. Scholars of Indian politics have long noted the institution's widening powers – often beyond the original constitutional intent or parliamentary legislation – over the last few decades. This, they argue, has impaired its institutional accountability. This Article adopts a fresh perspective on the ECI's expansive functions, and the attendant concerns these raise. It argues that the ECI regulates the electoral process not through what we may ordinarily identify as the law. The most compelling and consequential of its functions are through extra-legal modalities of regulation. Drawing from recent scholarship on regulation, the Article argues that the ECI shapes the electoral environment and behaviour through non-legal modalities of architecture, nudge and notice-based regulations. Much like the other fields where they are deployed, these extra-legal modalities exhibit unique, and in many ways, inherent limitations with respect to transparency. It is thus this character of the ECI's functions – rather than only their widening breadth – that poses the most significant challenge for democratic accountability. Based on this assessment, the Article notes that for powerful EMBs like the ECI, accountability in the form of on-going operational accountability is inherently limited in compelling ways. This increases the stakes for accountability of these institutions through other means, particularly by securing their constitution, composition and tenure.
The Malaysian Election Commission: Navigating Electoral Authoritarianism and Political Change
Authors: Shah Dian A H
Published: December 2021

The urgency of electoral reforms has long been identified as a key to improving democracy in Malaysia. For decades, electoral manipulation through gerrymandering, malapportionment, and issues with the electoral roll and conduct of elections have undermined democratic quality and competition. The Malaysian Election Commission (EC) has – understandably – come under scrutiny for its role in facilitating and sustaining these problems. However, what requires a greater level of attention is the question of how the EC – despite its position as a constitutional institution that exists independently from the other branches of government – has operated in ways that undermined Malaysia's democracy and maintained a dominant party regime for over six decades. This Article brings this to light by examining the structural, institutional, and political conditions that shape the EC's operation, particularly with regard to re-delineation of constituencies and the conduct of elections. It argues that flaws in constitutional design, along with subsequent constitutional amendments, have rendered the EC vulnerable to partisan capture and thus affected its ability to function as an independent constitutional institution. In addition, this Article demonstrates how changes in political imperatives and judicial restraint in reviewing the EC's decision-making have also contributed to the deficiencies in Malaysia's electoral democracy.
Morgenbesser’s Coin
Authors: Loewenstein Yael
Published: December 2021

Before a fair, indeterministic coin is tossed, Lucky, who is causally isolated from the coin-tossing mechanism, declines to bet on heads. The coin lands heads. The consensus is that the following counterfactual is true:

(M:) If Lucky had bet heads, he would have won the bet.

It is also widely believed that to rule (M) true, any plausible semantics for counterfactuals must invoke causal independence. But if that’s so, the hope of giving a reductive analysis of causation in terms of counterfactuals is undermined. Here I argue that there is compelling reason to question the assumption that (M) is true.
COMPACT ORBITS OF PARABOLIC SUBGROUPS
Authors: BILIOTTI LEONARDO , WINDARE OLUWAGBENGA JOSHUA
Published: December 2021

We study the action of a real reductive group G on a real submanifold X of a Kähler manifold Z. We suppose that the action of a compact connected Lie group U with Lie algebra
$\mathfrak {u}$
extends holomorphically to an action of the complexified group
$U^{\mathbb {C}}$
and that the U-action on Z is Hamiltonian. If
$G\subset U^{\mathbb {C}}$
is compatible, there exists a gradient map
$\mu _{\mathfrak p}:X \longrightarrow \mathfrak p$
where
$\mathfrak g=\mathfrak k \oplus \mathfrak p$
is a Cartan decomposition of
$\mathfrak g$
. In this paper, we describe compact orbits of parabolic subgroups of G in terms of the gradient map
$\mu _{\mathfrak p}$
.
WALLY BROECKER—USING RADIOCARBON FOR PUZZLES OF THE GLACIAL AND DEGLACIAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Peteet Dorothy
Published: December 2021

Wally Broecker’s puzzles required radiocarbon dating in order to solve them.
Conflict-related UN sanctions regimes and humanitarian action: A policy research overview
Authors: Brubaker Rebecca , Huvé Sophie
Published: December 2021

This paper offers a brief overview of the potential interplay of United Nations (UN) sanctions regimes applied in contexts of armed conflict and humanitarian action. It traces how this issue has emerged within the counterterrorism (CT) sphere, before examining the possibilities of compatibility and risks for humanitarian action in conflict-related sanctions regimes. The paper lays out research gaps and outlines a new path for policy research focused on UN sanctions regimes imposed in the context of armed conflicts (“conflict-related”) yet falling outside the pure CT space. The paper concludes by illuminating why establishing further evidence on this issue is critical to both the legitimacy and the effective use of UN sanctions.
Bailout stenting in femoropopliteal arterial segment
Authors: Boc Anja , Eržen Barbara , Perme Rok Luciano , Boc Vinko
Published: December 2021

Summary: Background: Disabling peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of femoropopliteal segment is usually treated with percutaneous balloon dilatation, and when this is not successful, stent is placed. Long-term patency of stent is often compromised due to in-stent restenosis (ISR). We aimed to identify factors associated with bailout stenting, and to recognise risk factors for ISR in procedures without paclitaxel application. Patients and methods: We analysed 592 consecutive successful femoropopliteal interventions performed in patients with either disabling intermittent claudication or chronic critical limb ischemia (CLI). In patients with stent implantation, clinical and ultrasound (US) examination were performed one year after the intervention to establish the presence of ISR, defined as >50% stenosis on US imaging. Results: Bailout stenting was required in 133 (22.5%) procedures. Patients with stent placement were younger (70±10 vs 72±11 years, p=0.007) and less often presented with CLI (29.3% vs 40.5%, p=0.019). They more often reported smoking (63.2% vs 49.2%, p=0.005), less often had diabetes mellitus (35.3% vs 47.5%, p=0.013) and arterial hypertension (82.0% vs 90.8%; p=0.004). Stenting was also dependent on lesion complexity (TASC II C>B>A; p<0.001). Subgroup analysis of 110 procedures with bare metal stent (BMS) placement performed in 107 patients revealed ISR in 46.4% of stents, in half of cases it was symptomatic. Neither clinical nor lesion characteristics proved to differ between the group of procedures with ISR and group of procedures without ISR. Conclusions: Factors associated with bailout stenting were age, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, smoking, clinical picture of PAD and complexity of treated lesions. We did not find any risk factors influencing development of ISR in BMS.
HEPPA III Intercomparison Experiment on Electron Precipitation Impacts: 1. Estimated Ionization Rates During a Geomagnetic Active Period in April 2010
Authors: Nesse Tyssøy H. , Sinnhuber M. , Asikainen T. , Bender S. , Clilverd M. A. , Funke B. , van de Kamp M. , Pettit J. M. , Randall C. E. , Reddmann T. , Rodger C. J. , Rozanov E. , Smith‐Johnsen C. , Sukhodolov T. , Verronen P. T. , Wissing J. M. , Yakovchuk O.
Published: December 2021

Precipitating auroral and radiation belt electrons are considered an important part of the natural forcing of the climate system. Recent studies suggest that this forcing is underestimated in current chemistry‐climate models. The High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere III intercomparison experiment is a collective effort to address this point. Here, eight different estimates of medium energy electron (MEE) ionization rates are assessed during a geomagnetic active period in April 2010. The objective is to understand the potential uncertainty related to the MEE energy input. The ionization rates are all based on the Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector (MEPED) on board the NOAA/POES and EUMETSAT/MetOp spacecraft series. However, different data handling, ionization rate calculations, and background atmospheres result in a wide range of mesospheric electron ionization rates. Although the eight data sets agree well in terms of the temporal variability, they differ by about an order of magnitude in ionization rate strength both during geomagnetic quiet and disturbed periods. The largest spread is found in the aftermath of enhanced geomagnetic activity. Furthermore, governed by different energy limits, the atmospheric penetration depth varies, and some differences related to latitudinal coverage are also evident. The mesospheric NO densities simulated with the Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model driven by highest and lowest ionization rates differ by more than a factor of eight. In a follow‐up study, the atmospheric responses are simulated in four chemistry‐climate models (CCM) and compared to satellite observations, considering both the CCM structure and the ionization forcing.
Heppa III Intercomparison Experiment on Electron Precipitation Impacts: 2. Model‐Measurement Intercomparison of Nitric Oxide (NO) During a Geomagnetic Storm in April 2010
Authors: Sinnhuber M. , Nesse Tyssøy H. , Asikainen T. , Bender S. , Funke B. , Hendrickx K. , Pettit J. M. , Reddmann T. , Rozanov E. , Schmidt H. , Smith‐Johnsen C. , Sukhodolov T. , Szeląg M. E. , van de Kamp M. , Verronen P. T. , Wissing J. M. , Yakovchuk O. S.
Published: December 2021

Precipitating auroral and radiation belt electrons are considered to play an important part in the natural forcing of the middle atmosphere with a possible impact on the climate system. Recent studies suggest that this forcing is underestimated in current chemistry‐climate models. The HEPPA III intercomparison experiment is a collective effort to address this point.

In this study, we apply electron ionization rates from three data‐sets in four chemistry‐climate models during a geomagnetically active period in April 2010. Results are evaluated by comparison with observations of nitric oxide (NO) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Differences between the ionization rate data‐sets have been assessed in a companion study. In the lower thermosphere, NO densities differ by up to one order of magnitude between models using the same ionization rate data‐sets due to differences in the treatment of NO formation, model climatology, and model top height. However, a good agreement in the spatial and temporal variability of NO with observations lends confidence that the electron ionization is represented well above 80 km. In the mesosphere, the averages of model results from all chemistry‐climate models differ consistently with the differences in the ionization‐rate data‐sets, but are within the spread of the observations, so no clear assessment on their comparative validity can be provided. However, observed enhanced amounts of NO in the mid‐mesosphere below 70 km suggest a relevant contribution of the high‐energy tail of the electron distribution to the hemispheric NO budget during and after the geomagnetic storm on April 6.
Average Ring Current Response to Solar Wind Drivers: Statistical Analysis of 61 Days of ENA Images
Authors: Goldstein J. , Valek P. W. , McComas D. J. , Redfern J.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the first determination of the average global and regional response of ring current (RC) flux intensity versus four key solar wind (SW) and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters: SW electric field (ESW), IMF polarity (BZ,IMF), SW pressure (PSW), and SW speed (VSW). We analyze energetic neutral atom (ENA) images from Two Wide‐angle Imaging Neutral‐atom Spectrometers (TWINS) to measure the RC response, and use 5‐min downstream‐propagated data from the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and Wind to measure SW driving. Our imaging data comprises 61 events, including 1,838 global 2D equatorial maps of line‐of‐sight (LOS) averaged ion flux derived from background‐subtracted, 15 min TWINS ENA images spanning 1–30 keV. Average spatial and spectral distributions were organized into four driver strength groups for each SW parameter. ESW has the strongest correlation with RC ion flux (coefficients are [0.95, 0.94, 0.88] at [1, 16, 30] keV, respectively), confirming that magnetospheric convection is a primary driver. In case studies, the global RC responds rapidly (≤15 min) to changes in ESW ranging from strong to weak. PSW is correlated with RC intensity, though not as strongly as ESW, indicating the secondary importance of PSW‐driven compression in RC injections. Strong ESW increases lower‐energy ions farther eastward and higher‐energy ions closer to midnight, consistent with an energy‐dependent interplay between magnetic drift and convection. The strongest SW driving preferentially increases the least energetic ions, suggesting that quasi‐steady convection can load the nightside RC with cooler ions.
Along‐Shore Movement of Groundwater and Its Effects on Seawater‐Groundwater Interactions in Heterogeneous Coastal Aquifers
Authors: Geng Xiaolong , Michael Holly A.
Published: December 2021

Studies of coastal groundwater dynamics often assume two‐dimensional (2D) flow and transport along a shore‐perpendicular cross‐section. We show that along‐shore movement of groundwater may also be significant in heterogeneous coastal aquifers. Simulations of groundwater flow and salt transport incorporating different geologic structure show highly three‐dimensional (3D) preferential flow paths. The along‐shore movement of groundwater on average accounts for 40%–50% of the total flowpath length in both conduit‐type (e.g., volcanic) heterogeneous aquifers and statistically equivalent (e.g., deltaic) systems generated with sequential indicator simulation (SIS). Our results identify a critical role of three‐dimensionality in systems with connected high‐permeability geological features. 3D conduit features connecting land and sea cause more terrestrial groundwater flow through the inland boundary and intensify water exchange along the land‐sea interface. Therefore, conduits increase the rate of SGD compared to equivalent homogeneous, SIS and corresponding 2D models. In contrast, in SIS‐type systems, less‐connected high‐permeability features produce mixing zones and SGD nearer to shore, with comparable rates in 3D and 2D models. Onshore, 3D heterogeneous cases have longer flowpaths and travel times from recharge to discharge compared to 2D cases, but offshore travel times are much shorter, particularly for conduit‐type models in which flow is highly preferential. Flowpath lengths and travel times are also highly variable in 3D relative to 2D for all heterogeneous simulations. The results have implications for water resources management, biogeochemical reactions within coastal aquifers, and subsequent chemical fluxes to the ocean.
Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Patone Martina , Mei Xue W. , Handunnetthi Lahiru , Dixon Sharon , Zaccardi Francesco , Shankar-Hari Manu , Watkinson Peter , Khunti Kamlesh , Harnden Anthony , Coupland Carol A. C. , Channon Keith M. , Mills Nicholas L. , Sheikh Aziz , Hippisley-Cox Julia
Published: December 2021

Although myocarditis and pericarditis were not observed as adverse events in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine trials, there have been numerous reports of suspected cases following vaccination in the general population. We undertook a self-controlled case series study of people aged 16 or older vaccinated for COVID-19 in England between 1 December 2020 and 24 August 2021 to investigate hospital admission or death from myocarditis, pericarditis and cardiac arrhythmias in the 1–28 days following adenovirus (ChAdOx1, n = 20,615,911) or messenger RNA-based (BNT162b2, n = 16,993,389; mRNA-1273, n = 1,006,191) vaccines or a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive test (n = 3,028,867). We found increased risks of myocarditis associated with the first dose of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccines and the first and second doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine over the 1–28 days postvaccination period, and after a SARS-CoV-2 positive test. We estimated an extra two (95% confidence interval (CI) 0, 3), one (95% CI 0, 2) and six (95% CI 2, 8) myocarditis events per 1 million people vaccinated with ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, respectively, in the 28 days following a first dose and an extra ten (95% CI 7, 11) myocarditis events per 1 million vaccinated in the 28 days after a second dose of mRNA-1273. This compares with an extra 40 (95% CI 38, 41) myocarditis events per 1 million patients in the 28 days following a SARS-CoV-2 positive test. We also observed increased risks of pericarditis and cardiac arrhythmias following a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Similar associations were not observed with any of the COVID-19 vaccines, apart from an increased risk of arrhythmia following a second dose of mRNA-1273. Subgroup analyses by age showed the increased risk of myocarditis associated with the two mRNA vaccines was present only in those younger than 40.
Morphological change of the posterior pole following the horizontal strabismus surgery with swept source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Park Yooyeon , Kim Yong Chan , Ahn Ye Jin , Park Shin Hae , Shin Sun Young
Published: December 2021

Extraocular muscle movement during strabismus surgery causes changes in eyeball shape. Because extraocular muscle insertion is in front of the equator, it is thought that changes due to strabismus surgery mainly occur in the anterior segment. However, changes in the posterior segment of eye may also occur, which may also result in changes in refractive error after strabismus surgery. Using a 3-dimensional reconstruction technique (en face imaging) of the swept source optical coherence tomography, we determined and quantitatively measured the posterior polar change. The deepest interface between Bruch’s membrane and the choroid could be identified as the deepest point of the eyeball (DPE), and the location of the DPE relative to the optic disc and the fovea was measured. After lateral rectus muscle recession, the DPE moved away from the fovea, but after medial rectus muscle recession, the DPE moved toward the fovea. The amount of DPE movement differed by age and preoperative refractive error. Our findings suggest that the positional shift of the rectus muscle in horizontal strabismus surgery causes a structural change in the posterior segment of the eye, and the postoperative refractive changes may be related to this shift.
Membrane pools of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate regulate KCNQ1/KCNE1 membrane expression
Authors: Braun Chen , Parks Xiaorong Xu , Qudsi Haani , Lopes Coeli M. B.
Published: December 2021

Plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) is a precursor of PI(4,5)P2, an important regulator of a large number of ion channels. Although the role of the phospholipid PI(4,5)P2 in stabilizing ion channel function is well established, little is known about the role of phospholipids in channel membrane localization and specifically the role of PI4P in channel function and localization. The phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) synthesize PI4P. Our data show that inhibition of PI4K and prolonged decrease of levels of plasma membrane PI4P lead to a decrease in the KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel membrane localization and function. In addition, we show that mutations linked to Long QT syndrome that affect channel interactions with phospholipids lead to a decrease in membrane expression. We show that expression of a LQT1-associated C-terminal deletion mutant abolishes PI4Kinase-mediated decrease in membrane expression and rescues membrane expression for phospholipid-targeting mutations. Our results indicate a novel role for PI4P on ion channel regulation. Our data suggest that decreased membrane PI4P availability to the channel, either due to inhibition of PI4K or as consequence of mutations, dramatically inhibits KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel membrane localization and current. Our results may have implications to regulation of other PI4P binding channels.
iVirus 2.0: Cyberinfrastructure-supported tools and data to power DNA virus ecology
Authors: Bolduc Benjamin , Zablocki Olivier , Guo Jiarong , Zayed Ahmed A , Vik Dean , Dehal Paramvir , Wood-Charlson Elisha M , Arkin Adam , Merchant Nirav , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Roux Simon , Vaughn Matthew , Sullivan Matthew B
Published: December 2021

Microbes drive myriad ecosystem processes, but under strong influence from viruses. Because studying viruses in complex systems requires different tools than those for microbes, they remain underexplored. To combat this, we previously aggregated double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus analysis capabilities and resources into ‘iVirus’ on the CyVerse collaborative cyberinfrastructure. Here we substantially expand iVirus’s functionality and accessibility, to iVirus 2.0, as follows. First, core iVirus apps were integrated into the Department of Energy’s Systems Biology KnowledgeBase (KBase) to provide an additional analytical platform. Second, at CyVerse, 20 software tools (apps) were upgraded or added as new tools and capabilities. Third, nearly 20-fold more sequence reads were aggregated to capture new data and environments. Finally, documentation, as “live” protocols, was updated to maximize user interaction with and contribution to infrastructure development. Together, iVirus 2.0 serves as a uniquely central and accessible analytical platform for studying how viruses, particularly dsDNA viruses, impact diverse microbial ecosystems.
Towards reliable three-electrode cells for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Chien Yu-Chuan , Brandell Daniel , Lacey Matthew J.
Published: December 2021

A simple three-electrode cell format for lithium–sulfur batteries is proposed to enable the deconvolution of the positive and negative electrode potentials from the cell voltage and therefore the measurement of their individual resistances.
Encapsulation of atomically dispersed Pt clusters in porous TiO2 for semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene
Authors: Wu Huibin , Yang Xinchun , Zhao Shichao , Zhai Liming , Wang Guofu , Zhang Bin , Qin Yong
Published: December 2021

The multilayered catalyst 1.91%Pt@TiO2 with atomically dispersed Pt clusters shows excellent performance in the semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene.
Morphology dependent effect of γ-Al2O3for ethanol dehydration: nanorods and nanosheets
Authors: Deng Li , Han Shaobo , Zhou Di , Li Yong , Shen Wenjie
Published: December 2021

γ-Al2O3nanorods gave the improved selectivity of C2H4in ethanol dehydration due to the selective exposure of {100} facets.
High-concentration Er3+ ion singly doped GaTaO4 single crystal for promising all-solid-state green laser and solid-state lighting applications
Authors: Ding Shoujun , Ren Hao , Liu Wenpeng , He Aifeng , Tang Xubing , Zhang Qingli
Published: December 2021

A Er:GdTaO4 single crystal was grown by Cz method. The results indicate that the crystal is promising for diode pumped green lasers and probably useful for solid-state lighting.
A catalyzed E/Z isomerization mechanism of stilbene using para-benzoquinone as a triplet sensitizer
Authors: Nakatani Kaho , Sato Hirofumi , Fukuda Ryoichi
Published: December 2021

We investigated the mechanism of photoisomerization of stilbene via triplet state with para-benzoquinone sensitizer using the density functional theory and proposed a photocatalyst behavior of para-benzoquinone.
The Q41R mutation in the HCV-protease enhances the reactivity towards MAVS by suppressing non-reactive pathways
Authors: Zheng Chen , Schneider Markus , Marion Antoine , Antes Iris
Published: December 2021

The Q41R mutation in the HCV NS3/4A protease leads to an increase of apparent rate constants for MAVS cleavage by suppression of a non-reactive conformation.
Highly sensitive analysis of trace elements in aqueous solutions using surface-enhanced and discharge-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Qiuyun , Ge Ting , Liu Yitong , Jiang Luyun , Chen Anmin , Han Jianhui , Jin Mingxing
Published: December 2021

By combining surface-enhanced and discharge-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, the study successfully realized the high-sensitivity quantitative analysis of trace heavy metals Cr, Cu, and Pb in aqueous solutions.
Engineering a deformation-free plastic spiral inertial microfluidic system for CHO cell clarification in biomanufacturing
Authors: Jeon Hyungkook , Kwon Taehong , Yoon Junghyo , Han Jongyoon
Published: December 2021

A deformation-free and mass-producible plastic spiral inertial microfluidic device was developed, which provides continuous, clogging-free, and industry-level-throughput cell manipulation.
Orientation dependence of optical activity in light scattering by nanoparticle clusters
Authors: Fazel-Najafabadi Atefeh , Auguié Baptiste
Published: December 2021

The optical properties of nanoparticle clusters vary with the spatial arrangement of the constituent particles, but also the overall orientation of the cluster with respect to the incident light.
[4+2]-Annulation of prop-2-ynylsulfonium salts and N-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes: access to indolizines containing a thioether group
Authors: Fu Liping , Wang Jing , Chen Xiaojuan , Shi Tao , Shao Zhanying , Chen Jinbai , Tian Chongmei , Zhou Zhongdong , Zhu Huajian , Zhang Jiankang
Published: December 2021

[4+2]-Annulation of prop-2-ynylsulfonium salts and N-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes to generate indolizines containing a thioether group.
Does Illness Behavior Contribute to the Understanding of Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life Among People With Hearing Loss? A Test of Concept
Authors: Prior Kirsty N. , Bond Verity E. , Bond Malcolm J.
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

The study sought to first confirm the mediating role of self-efficacy (SE) in the link between hearing loss and reduced quality of life (QOL) and introduce the construct of illness behavior (IB) as a further correlate of self-reported QOL that may itself be mediated by SE.

Method:

Cross-sectional data were attained using a questionnaire that was completed by 61 adults with self-reported acquired hearing loss.

Results:

Support was provided for low SE being a barrier to QOL, with hearing loss only predictive of emotional QOL when SE was an intermediary (mediating) variable. Cognitive and affective indices of IB also predicted QOL. Those participants with elevated emotional distress and, to a lesser extent, exaggerated concerns for their health, were found to have both lower SE and poorer QOL.

Conclusions:

Attempts to replicate these findings longitudinally and with larger and more diverse samples (e.g., congenital or illness-derived hearing loss) are encouraged. A more objective assessment of hearing loss may also reduce the potential for spurious associations that may arise from the use of self-reported data. Nevertheless, the analytical results provide encouragement for the continued consideration of IB in the evaluation of the well-being of individuals with hearing loss. It is proposed that IB could be a useful supplement to the study of motivation among this cohort, such as an addition to the commonly used Health Belief Model, to improve the predictive validity of appropriate health behaviors.
A Viewpoint on Accent Services: Framing and Terminology Matter
Authors: Grover Vikas , Namasivayam Aravind , Mahendra Nidhi
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to offer a contemporary viewpoint on accent services and contend that an equity-minded reframing of accent services in speech-language pathology is long overdue. Such reframing should address directly the use of nonpejorative terminology and the need for nurturing global linguistic diversity and practitioner diversity in speech-language pathology. The authors offer their perspective on affirmative and least-biased accent services, an in-depth scoping review of the literature on accent modification, and discuss using terms that communicate unconditional respect for speaker identity and an understanding of the impact of accent services on accented speakers.

Conclusions:

Given ongoing discussions about the urgent need to diversify the profession of speech-language pathology, critical attention is needed toward existing biases toward accented speakers and how such biases manifest in the way that accent services are provided as well as in how clinicians conceptualize their role in working with accented speakers. The authors conclude with discussing alternate terms and offer recommendations for accent services provided by speech-language pathologists.
Reversible data hiding based on multi‐predictor and adaptive expansion
Authors: He Wenguang , Xiong Gangqiang , Wang Yaomin
Published: December 2021

Adaptive embedding plays an important role in improving the embedding performance of reversible data hiding and it is usually realized by modifying the prediction‐errors discriminately. By extending the skewed histogram shifting technique which uses a pair of extreme predictions to determine whether the target pixel should be predicted or not, this paper realizes another form of adaptive embedding, that is, adaptive prediction‐error generation. Specifically, it is proposed to adaptively determine the pair of extreme predictions according to image content. Each pair of extreme predictions is first evaluated by the introduced distortion per embedding one bit. Then, an efficient mechanism to determine the best pair of extreme predictions for pixels with a given local complexity is designed. With such a mechanism solving the computational problem, it is also proposed to extend the context to obtain more pairs of extreme predictions such that more precise multi‐predictor can be realized. With obtained errors, the best expansion bins are determined to achieve a more comprehensive self‐adaption. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves better capacity‐distortion performance and outperforms a series of state‐of‐the‐art schemes.
Noise control with Kalman filter for active headrest
Authors: WANG Lei , CHEN Kean , XU Jian , QI Wang
Published: December 2021

A control strategy with Kalman filter (KF) is proposed for active noise control of virtual error signal for active headset. Comparing with the gradient based algorithm, KF algorithm has faster convergence speed and better convergence performance. In this paper, the state equation of the system is established on the basis of virtual error sensing, and only the weight coefficients of the control filter are considered in the state variables. In order to ensure the convergence performance of the algorithm, an online updating strategy of KF parameters is proposed. The fast-array method is also introduced into the algorithm to reduce the computation. The simulation results show that the present strategy can improve the convergence speed and effectively reduce the noise signal at the virtual error point.