bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evaluation by passes energy based on in vitro gas production digestibility and palatability
Authors: Dewi R R , Muhlisin  , Kustantinah
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of combined treatments of the fish oil protected with different NaOH concentration and drying method as bypass energy based in vitro total gas production and palatability. Lemuru fish oil, starch and NaOH were used for capsulation and optimizing saponification, along with CaCl2 and required reagents were used for in vitro gas test. The indicators for protected fish oil palatability test were 18 female lamb, aged 7-8 months, with average weight 15.37 ± 1.09 kg. A completely randomized design was deployed for in vitro gas production with three replications in which different NaOH concentrations and drying methods were applied. Then, to see the results of the animal preference level, it was by reducing the feeding time and feeding residue in 24 hours. All data was analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan test. As a results, fish oil protected with different NaOH concentration and drying method have no significant effect on total gas production. Furthemore, the results on the palatability analysis showed that there was no significant different in all treatments.
Dose range of Trichoderma pellets on suppressing Synchytrium pogostemonis caused budok disease in patchouli plants
Authors: Sriwati R , Chamzurni T , Kesumawati E , Pertiwi T K , Angraeni L
Published: March 2021

Budok disease is a condition that often attacks patchouli plants, and can cause warts on leaves, swollen and thickened stems; and makes reddish-purple leaves look wrinkled and thick. Pesticides are typically the best solutions for disease control. Alternative treatments that can be used to treat this condition are biological control agents such as Trichoderma fungi. This fungus has been produced in pellet form and has been evaluated for its potential to control several important plant diseases. Three-week-old Patchouli seedlings were grown on polibag (5 kg). Application of the pellets were carried out by immersing it in the planting medium according to the dosage range tested. The doses tested were 0 g, 2.5 g, 5 g, 7.5 g and 10 g per polybag. The transmission of S. pogostemonis sap was done by using a mechanical method. The measurements of incubation period, leaf area and disease intensity were conducted at 120 days after planting. The result showed that Trichoderma pellets could suppress the development of S. pogostemonis in patchouli plants. When the dose was raised to 10 g, symptoms of budok disease appeared such as warts on leaves, wrinkled and thick leaves with purplish red colour, which eventually led to leaf malformation.
The potential of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas auregenosa as patchouli waste decomposer
Authors: Pratiwi V , Hifnalisa  , Oktarina H , Sriwati R
Published: March 2021

Currently, waste from patchouli distillation process is unutilized. It is known that the waste still has high nutrient content and has the potential as raw material for organic fertilizers. In this study, we investigated the potential of Trichoderma harzianum, T. asperelum, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as biodecomposer in patchouli waste composting process. The bio decomposers were inoculated to patchouli waste to determine the effect on composting process time, maturation and compost chemical properties. T. harzianum and T. asperelum were added to the compost raw material in the form of pellet (15 g). While P. aeruginosa added suspension at 108 as much as 20 ml. The results showed that the inoculation of T. harzianum, T. asperelum and P. aeruginosa accelerated the decomposition process and improved the compost texture. Chemical properties analysis indicated that the compost produced meet Indonesia compost standarisation. This study revealed that T. harzianum, T. asperelum and P. aeruginosa are potential patchouli waste decomposers.
Antimicrobial activity of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) essential oil and their mixtures against pathogenic and food spoilage microbes
Authors: Aisyah Y , Yunita D , Amanda A
Published: March 2021

New natural compounds that are effective against pathogenic and food spoilage microbes are needed, especially those that are resistant to conventional antimicrobial compounds. This study aimed to determine the composition and antimicrobial activity of patchouli, citronella, nutmeg essential oil and their mixtures against pathogenic and food spoilage microbes that isStaphylococcus aureus, Shigellasp,Candida albicans, andAspergillus niger. The antimicrobial activity test was carried out by using the disc diffusion method to determine the zone of inhibition. Citronella oil has higher antimicrobial activity in inhibiting the growth ofAspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus, andCandida albicans, namely 38.28 mm, 26.22 mm and 16.21 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, forShigellasp, patchouli oil is better able to inhibit the growth ofShigellasp, namely 6.80 mm. The combination of the mixture of citronella oil with patchouli oil and citronella oil with nutmeg oil can increase the inhibitory ability of patchouli oil and nutmeg oil respectively against the growth ofCandida albicans, Aspergillus nigerandStaphylococcus aureus. The sensitivity of pathogenic and food spoilage microbes tested against these three essential oils shows the potential for patchouli, citronella, and nutmeg essential oils to be used as natural preservatives in the food industry.
The potential use of chitosan deduced from the results of in silico analysis
Authors: Tallei T E , Maulana R R , Windah A L L , Wahongan I F , Tumilaar S G , Fatimawali  , Kumaunang M , Sambul A M , Adam A A , Idroes R
Published: March 2021

One type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is currently the most feared virus globally because it causes pulmonary infectious diseases that can cause a risk of death. Researchers have tried together by conducting massive research and finding an antidote, especially those sourced from natural ingredients. Chitosan is a natural ingredient isolated from crustaceans. This compound has long been studied and proven to have the ability to inactivate various types of viruses. Therefore, in this study, chitosan’s ability to inhibit several proteins and enzymes from SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated in silico. The evaluation results suggested that chitosan has in silico excellent activity in preventing the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cells and inhitibing its replication.
The productivity of Gayo buffaloes viewed from reproduction aspect in Linge Sub-District of Central Aceh District, Aceh Province of Indonesia
Authors: Abdullah M A N , Rezeka A H , Sari E M
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to identify the productivity of female Gayo buffaloes in Linge Sub-District, Central Aceh District. Survey was used to obtain the primary data through direct interview techniques with buffalo owners based on a questionnaire that had been prepared previously. As many as 40 buffalo owners became the respondents in this study spread in four selected villages (Pantan Nangka, Delung Sekinel, Umang, and Gelampang Gading). The determination of respondents was done by using purposive sampling method with a minimum provision of breeders maintaining two female buffaloes that have bred at least two times and have a minimum experience of breeding for four years. The results showed that female Gayo buffalos had good reproductive productivity. Female Gayo buffalos experienced puberty at 33.8 ± 0.63 months old with the average age at first breeding was at 35.4 ± 0.67 months old, age of first calving was at 46.47 ± 4.44 months old, conception period was for 332.25 ± 26.64 days, average calving interval was at 14.82 ± 1.81 months, service period was at 3.42 ± 0.50 months, and percentage of calving rate was 67.92 %. It was concluded that female Gayo buffalos in Linge Subdistrict, Central Aceh Regency has good productivity.
Food security strategies toward flood hazards along the Cinendang river, Aceh Province
Authors: Bakhtiar  , Abdullah F , Marzuki M , Yanis M , Ismail N
Published: March 2021

Singkil communities have been living along riverbanks for several centuries. They are accustomed to living near the water which has generated local wisdom in mitigating and adapting to flood hazards. This study focuses on food security in overcoming flood hazards practiced as local wisdom by the community living along the Cinendang River, Aceh Singkil. The study applied a descriptive exploration based on field observations, interviews with local communities, and in-depth interviews with community leaders and local government regarding knowledge, experiences, and the implementation of the local wisdom. The result shows that the communities practice local wisdom on structural mitigation and adaptation so that they can still supply and protect their food needs during floods. The community has taken advantage of the floating buildings namely sapao metungkhang, lampung, and bagan for these purposes. These buildings are made of logs found drifting along the river, and they are practically effective in the way that daily household and communal activities can still be carried out in both normal conditions and during the flooding. Such houses are hardly found today due to shortages of raw materials, in-progress inland transportation development, relocation of communities far from rivers, and dimmed water caused by transportation routes.
Analysis of pH and cooking losses of chicken meat due to the use of different percentages of turmeric flour
Authors: Abubakar A , Fitri C A , Koesmara H , Mudatsir  , Ardatami S
Published: March 2021

The use of turmeric as an active compound for preservatives is widely used because it is simple, inexpensive, and easy to find. To prevent the losses of quality and damage to the meat, processing and preservation is required. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using different percentages of turmeric flour on the pH and cooking losses of chicken meat. This study used 2.2 kg Broiler chicken breast and 214.5 g turmeric flour. The research design used was a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications so that the total sample was 20 units. With the percentage of using turmeric flour T0 (0%), T1 (10%), T2 (13%) and T3 (16%). The results of research that have been carried out the percentage of using turmeric flour as much as 13% (5.90) is the best treatment for the pH of broiler chicken meat. The results of research that have been carried out the percentage of use of turmeric flour as much as 13% (25.35%) is the best treatment for cooking losses.
Comparison of principal component and partial least square regression method in NIRS data analysis for cocoa bean quality assessment
Authors: Kamal M , Munawar A A , Sulaiman M I
Published: March 2021

The quality of cocoa beans can be determined in various ways, and two of them are: (i) manual observation via splitting cocoa beans in order to determine the degree of fermentation and observe the defect; (ii) chemical analyses for determining the fat and moisture content; with the latter is known as a time-consuming process. The NIRS instrument is a kind of a non-destructive measurement that can predict rapidly the quality of cocoa beans. This study aims to simulate a mathematical model for the prediction of moisture- and fat-content using a NIRS instrument. These results were subsequently analyzed with two types of multivariate regression analysis: Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Partial least Square Regression (PLSR) and the results shown based on two methods were then compared. The PCR method delivered a higher determination coefficient in moisture analysis compared to PLSR. On the other hand, a greater determination coefficient was delivered by PLSR in terms of fat analysis compared to the value obtained via PCR. The root means square error of the PCR method was lower than that of PLSR. It can be concluded that the PLSR method is more suitable for fat content prediction.
Evaluation natural preservatives of nothopanax scutellarium merr. leaf extract in physical characteristics of nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus)
Authors: Safrida S , Hardania D I , Khairil K , Muhammad N , Nur Y I M
Published: March 2021

Nothopanax sutellariumis one plant that is known to be used as an antimicrobial because it has several active ingredients such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and polyphenols. This study aims to determine the effect ofNothopanax sutellariumleaf extract with different solvents, namely water, ethanol, and nanoemulsion solvents on thephysicalcharacteristics of tilapia. This type of research is experimental research with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted in Biology Education Laboratory Universitas Syiah Kuala, Chemistry Education Laboratory of Universitas Syiah Kuala, and Pharmacology Laboratory of Universitas Syiah Kuala. This research uses a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with Factor A (solvent extract) and Factor B (concentration) consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replications. Data were statisticallyanalyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and BNJ (Honest Significant Difference) at a significant level of α=0.05. Based on the results of research givingNothopanax sutellariumleaf extract with different solvents significantly influence the shape of the eye, gill color, aroma, and meat texture in Nile tilapia. Treatment with extract concentration of 60% using nanoemulsion tehnique is the best treatment.Nothopanax sutellariumnanoemulsion extract has the potential as a natural ingredient in preserving fresh fish during transportation.
Potassium fertilizer doses and local microorganism concentration affecting growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Hayati M , Rahmawati M , Munandar F A
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer doses, Local Microorganism concentrations, and the interaction between the two factors on the growth and yield of shallots. The study applies Randomized Block Design with 3 x 4 Factorial and 3 replications. The observed factors were potassium fertilizer at 3 levels each of control, 100, and 200 kg ha-1 and Local Microorganisms at 4 levels each of 0, 75, 150, and 225 ml L-1). The highest yield potential of the shallots was found at a dose of 100 kg ha-1 potassium fertilizer. The highest diameter of shallot bulbs was initiated at 150 ml L-1 of Local Microorganism concentration, but it was not significantly different from the control treatment. The combination of a potassium fertilizer dose of 200 kg ha-1 and a local liquid microorganism concentration of 75 ml L-1 provide the highest growth and yield of shallots.
Identification of MC4R gene markers in Bligon goats with single and twin birth type
Authors: Kurniawati N , Latifah  , Kustantinah K , Yulianto M D E , Hartatik T
Published: March 2021

MC4R may be a gene tahat proven to play an important role on process o feed intake, energy homeostatis, obesity, and controlled eating behavior. This study aims to spot the variety of the MC4R gene in Bligon goat in the Gama Ngundi Lestari livestock group, using 10 selected pre-weaning bligon goats with single and twin birth types. The analysis material included birth weight and weaning weight data. The stage were consisted of blood sampling and data analysis. Two DNA polymorphisms of the MC4R gene were known within the exon1 region (g.998A/G and g.1079C/T). Genetic diversity was calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg formula. A non-synonymous polymorphism was detected in location g.998A/G, converting amino methionine (Met) on isoleucine (Ile). The SNP toward g. 1079C/T might have been a synonymous polymorphism. During this study found restriction enzymes Acc65I, KpnI and BsrI might make utilized to genotyping Bligon goats utilizing the PCR-RFLP technique on future research.
A review of a sustainable bio-electricity generation from microbes grown in waste water
Authors: Emalya N , Malahayati N , Munawar E , Rinaldi W , Yunardi Y
Published: March 2021

The high growth of world population, increase global urbanization and rapid rise of industrialization have driven a drastic escalation in demands not only for food, and water but also energy. In addition to decreasing the natural oil reserve, excessive utilization of fossil fuel for the conversion into various forms of energy, including electrical power, also contributes to atmospheric pollution due to the release of gases from combustion which eventually will cause climate change. Consequently, recent years, great attention has been focused on energy production and generation from microalgae, because it is sustainable, environmentally friendly and economical. Microalgae fuel cell (MFC) is a device which utilizes microalgae capable of oxidizing organic matter by generating electron, obtaining energy for their own and providing electricity generation. Wastewater contains inorganic and organic nutrients which could be used as the source of substrate for microalgae to grow. A combination of MFC and wastewater would offer a great promising technology in the future for the simultaneous treatment of wastewater and electricity generation. This paper review the potentials of electrical energy generation with the application of MFC, the concept of MFC and the current development of MFC.
Study on liability and farm handling of high value agricultural commodities in Aceh
Authors: Fauzi T. , Mujiburrahmad  , Baihaqi A , Romano  , Ramayana
Published: March 2021

Agricultural sector has a potential for improving the economy of Aceh because it plays major role in the commodities livelihood. Some of the agricultural commodities such as patchouli, melon, chili, corn, and soybeans have high economic value. However, growing that plants have high uncertainty for farmers especially in term of risk in financial, production and market. This study aimed to identify the sources of risks and study the impact on farm management. The research was conducted in 75 villages in 5 districts of Aceh Province that were determined using systematic sampling. As many as 275 farmers had been selected as respondence risks of some aspects in production, marketing and financing were assessed and compared with potential benefit of farmers. The results indicated that potential benefit is always associated with the risk. The greater the on-farm risk is the bigger its potential benefits. Intensive farming system will reduce the risk, but it increases the cost. This research has been successfully ranking the risk of farming as the following plant: patchouli, chilies, corn, and soybeans.
Preliminary study of local plant utilization (Mahogany) for natural textile dyes
Authors: Novita N , Dahlan D , Bahi M , Erni E
Published: March 2021

The use of synthetic dyes in textiles has bad impact on human health and pollution in environment. To solve this problem, it is important to get the information about the potential of various types of plants that can produce natural substances as dyeing agent. This research was to examine the colors contained in Mahogany (Swietania mahagoni L.) scattered in Aceh Province using three types of color fixations (alum, Lime, and iron sulfate). The various colors produced from this plant can be grouped into 2 colors i.e. grey and brown. The fixator had played an important role in binding the colors of the plant so that the resulting colors do not fade easily. Two textile products, pashmina and headscarf, are dyed using the natural coloring from mahogany and decorated with Acehnese traditional motifs are produced in this research. The authenticity from the natural dye cannot be produced twice from the same plant. Therefore, the exotic accent combined with the traditional motifs as well as the comfort of the consumers are important because it is not harmful to the health of the wearers. These reasons make this product very interesting in the market even though the price is high.
The Potential of Ciplukan (Physalis angulata l.) and patchouli waste extract (pogostemon patchouli pellet) as alternative sources of phytogenic feed additive
Authors: Daud M , Yaman M A , Usman Y , Aqmarina Y
Published: March 2021

The research was carried out using the method of extraction and identification of phytogenic components of ciplukan and patchouli waste. The observed variables include nutritional and antioxidant content, phytochemicals, phytogenic compounds, and antibacterial inhibition. Data were analyzed descriptively and tabulated according to the variables. The results showed that ciplukan extracts and patchouli waste produce a yield of 9.75% and 1.02%, respectively by weight of fresh ingredients. Furthermore, the nutritional content of ciplukan and patchouli waste contains crude protein of 27.79% and 14.19%, fibre of 7.08% and 17.09%, fat of 3.43% and 3.85%, BETN of 27.46 and 40.87%, and the antioxidant content of 75.70% and 73.53%, respectively. The phytochemical test result shows that patchouli waste extract contains bioactive substances such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and essential oils. However, ciplukan extract does not contain terpenoids and essential oils. Also, the antibacterial test result showed that patchouli waste extract had the largest inhibition zone against E.coli and Salmonella with an average diameter of 12.50 and 8.50 mm, respectively. Conclusively, patchouli waste extract has the potential to be used as an alternative source of phytogenic feed additive because it contains bioactive substances and acts as antibacterial.
The influence of motorcycle behavior on saturation flow rate at signalized intersections with and without exclusive stopping space for motorcycle (ESSM)
Authors: Kariyana I M , Suthanaya P A , Wedagama D M P , Ariawan I M A , Dissanayake D
Published: March 2021

Traffic in most developing nations is considered mixed or heterogeneous. Motorcycle and other vehicle’s behavior at signalized intersections would not probably have a similar influence on intersection capacity and time of the traffic signals. In theory, the saturation flow rate is a basic parameter to estimate the intersection capacity and time of the traffic signals. This study, therefore, aims to analyze the influence of motorcycle behavior on the saturation flow rate at signalized intersections in Denpasar, Bali. Traffic flow data are observed at four signalized intersection approaches that have similar width and traffic characteristics. Two approaches have exclusive stopping space for motorcycles (ESSM) while the other two do not. The study results show that more than 50% of motorcycles tend to be distributed beside flow at signalized intersections with ESSM on either light or dense traffic flows. In contrast, at the signalized intersections without ESSM, motorcycles are found to be distributed inside flow during low traffic conditions, while distributed beside flow during dense traffic flow. Besides, the saturation flow rates of motorcycle inside flow are less than that of beside flow at signalized intersections both with and without ESSM. A new method to estimate saturation flow is proposed.
Gendered space and sense of security
Authors: Liani V , Herlily
Published: March 2021

Public facilities within the city area are expected to meet the needs of citizens in daily urban life. It should also be accessible by all genders to meet their basic needs such as interaction, information, and commuting inside the city. However, many public facilities such as train stations are considered gendered as masculine space. This spatial imbalance between men and women affects women’s involvement in the use of public facilities as well as their sense of security inside the city. Kevin Lynch’s “Performance Dimensions” theory in A Theory of Good City Form explains how Fit and Control aspects are important to see the connection between the city and its community. This paper will look at gender’s sense of security in Jakarta Kota train station and how Jakarta Kota train station provides security for genders as its user through fit and control aspects. The basic needs and conditions of humans in public space such as safety need to be fulfilled to support all types of society including genders.
Analysis of indexes exceeding water quality standards in the Yangtze River basin during the 13th Five-Year Plan period
Authors: Lin Lanyu , Zhou Mi , Yan Luyu , Lv Xin , Zhang Fengying
Published: March 2021

Based on monitoring data from 615 comparable sections of the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) in the national eco-environmental monitoring network during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the spatiotemporal characteristics of Total phosphorus (TP), Ammonia nitrogen (NH3- N), and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed. The results showed that during the study period, the overall pollution of the main rivers in the YRB had been mitigated, and the measured amounts of TP, NH3-N, and COD had decreased. However, the annual concentrations of TP, NH3-N, and COD had increased in nearly one-third of the sections, and in some sections they increased greatly. Increased TP was mainly observed in the provinces of Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hunan, and Hubei. Increased NH3-N was mainly observed in Hubei and Sichuan, and increased COD was mainly observed in Hunan, Sichuan, Hubei, and Shanghai. Since the first year of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the water quality of the main rivers in the YRB has continuously improved; however, in some sections the concentrations of some indexes already above water quality standards increased sharply. Under the protection strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Zone, the 14th Five-Year Plan will emphasize requirements for ecological environmental protection to improve the water quality in the YRB.
Simulation of cavitation phenomena near the wall
Authors: Wan Yu
Published: March 2021

The influence of cavitation phenomena near the wall was analyzed. When the cavitations occurred, the generation and annihilation of bubbles had the synchronous characteristic, which led to the periodic fluctuation of the medium density in the water supply pipe. The cavitation led to the fluctuation of pressure and caused the pipeline vibration. In addition, during cavitations, bubble collapse produced shock waves, impact damage to blades of pump.
Design and experimental research of test platform for characterizing a thermoelectric generator based on STM32
Authors: Zhang Xiyu , Huang Junyao , Zhu Guolou , Chen Yuxin
Published: March 2021

In order to solve the problem of low utilization rate of industrial low-grade thermal energy and actively implement the national policy of energy conservation and emission reduction, a low-temperature differential Thermoelectric generator device is designed and implemented based on the thermoelectric effect. According to the basic heat flow method of thermodynamics, the vertical installation sequence of the instrument is determined, and the simulated heat source is carried out in the laboratory. DJR-G type silicon rubber heater is used as the heating device, the fin radiator is used as the radiator and combined with the insulation layer to build the Thermoelectric generator test platform. STM32 microcontroller is the main control core of the instrument; tec1-12708t200 thermoelectric module is the power generation carrier; the main output characteristic parameters of the instrument are displayed on LCD in real time, and the change curve of the output parameters is monitored on the upper computer in real time. The experimental data show that when the load resistance is 2.5 Ω, it matches the equivalent resistance, and its output power reaches the maximum value; when the cold end of the Thermoelectric generator device is effectively cooled, its output power will increase by 0.1W. The conclusion shows that the instrument can effectively realize the Thermoelectric generator function and improve the utilization rate of low-grade thermal energy.
Excessive consumption transaction of renewable energy based on blockchain smart contract
Authors: Zhang Huilin , Zhu Wenrui , Wang Cai , Wang Ye , Li Tianran
Published: March 2021

As an important supplementary method to help market entities to complete consumption responsibility weights of renewable energy in China, excessive consumption transaction needs an efficient and security trading mechanism. Therefore, a decentered listing trading system based on blockchain smart contract is proposed, which utilizes P2P transaction mode to complete the listing and delisting process of excessive consumption transaction. The feasibility of this trading system is verified by an example designed on Ethereum platform with compiling and allocating of smart contract, synchronization of ethernet and smart contract, and announcement of transaction information.
Research on the development of distributed power generation strategy through differential scheduling requirements
Authors: Ma Shiqian , Zhang Jie , Shang Jingan , Wang Tianhao
Published: March 2021

The development of high-penetration photovoltaic power generation is an important measure to realize the energy revolution. With the continuous increase of photovoltaic capacity, the electricity generated by distributed photovoltaic can’t be absolutely integrated to power grid in the future. It is necessary to improve the scheduling requirements for photovoltaic equipment so that the system can be in safe operation. First of all, four scheduling requirements are set for the grid integration of photovoltaic equipment from the perspective of grid scheduling, which is characterized by differentiated scheduling of power and electricity between the micro-grid composed by photovoltaic equipment, energy storage and utility. Then, the capacity optimization planning model of the photovoltaic and energy storage system is established with the minimum power supply cost of the microgrid as the objective function. Finally, through the case study, it is found that industrial and commercial enterprises have the economic motivation to invest in the construction of the photovoltaic and energy storage microgrid, which will strengthen confidence in promoting the rapid development of photovoltaic power generation.
A prediction of breakdown pressure from damaged deviated well
Authors: Zhu Juhui , Hu Ruohan , Gen Zhoumei , Zhou Wengao , Zhao Jin
Published: March 2021

It has been proved that formation damage is an important reason of abnormal high breakdown pressure (BP), but few quantitative prediction model considering formation damage has been established. In this paper, formation is considered as homogeneous linear elastic small deformation material, an arbitrary deviated well is taken as the research object, in-situ stress and the wellbore injection pressure in the surroundings of borehole wall are calculated on the base of elastic mechanics. Additional fracturing fluid infiltration pressure is calculated based on the empirical relationship of permeability and porosity combined with Darcy’s law of fracturing fluid in poro-elastic media. Based on the stress superposition principle as well as the tensile stress failure criterion, the breakdown pressure prediction model of deviated open hole well with damage is established for the first time, and influence of formation damage on breakdown pressure is quantitatively simulated. For a given in-situ stress regime, the results display breakdown pressure of both damaged well and undamaged well increases with the increase of deviation angle and azimuth angle, the former is always higher than the latter. Moreover, the BP and additional BP Increment is not large when deviation or azimuth angle is less than 30°. On the other hand, additional BP increment rapidly rises more when damaged permeability ratio is less than 0.135 and it can even reach 10MPa in this example.
Detection of defects of different types in lead by laser ultrasonic SAFT
Authors: Yuan Jinjing , He Jianzong , Yang Ting , He Haohui , He Wen , Zhang Wan , Yuan Ling , Zhang Hongchao
Published: March 2021

Lead is widely used in the installation of high voltage cable accessories. Defects in lead tend to cause serious electrical accidents. However, there is no means to detect the sealing quality yet. In this paper, laser ultrasonic synthetic aperture focusing technology (SAFT) technology is applied to the detection of lead sample defects. The SAFT algorithm is used to locate and image the various types of defects in lead samples. The results show that SAFT laser ultrasonic is suitable for detecting sub-millimeter small defects in the lead. This technology has some application prospect in the detection of high-voltage cable sealing lead layer quality.
The thin and flexible triple-layered electrochromic device based on the multifunctional hydrogel
Authors: Zhao Shiqing , Liu Yan-Hua
Published: March 2021

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) are widely used in smart color changing windows, automotive antiglare rear-view mirrors and electronic wearable devices owing to their controllable for colouration, reduced energy consumption and modulated incident light. Traditional ECDs composed of complicated configurations, commonly five layers of structure, extremely increased the complexity of structure and fabrication process, especially cut down the performance of the device. In this paper, the introduction of hydrogel (The transmittance in the visible light spectrum reached up to 95%), both acted as the conductive layer and the dielectric layer, simplified the structure of the device to a triple-layered one. Flexible electronic products require good flexibility of conductive materials, so we introduced flexible Indium tin oxide (ITO) as the transparent conductive substrate, which have excellent bending properties, the sheet resistance increased only from 12.6 Ω/sq to 31.4 Ω/sq, after 2500 bending cycles. The assembled ECD has a slight transmittance attenuation (ΔTe/ΔT0=7%) after 1500 bending cycles. Importantly, the device showing excellent cycling performance, has just 2% attenuation of transmittance at wavelength of 640 nm, after 1000 cycles (ΔT changes from 32% to 30%), which also has a fast coloration and bleaching time, respectively 3 and 4.7 seconds. Compared with five layered structure, three layered ECDs show prominent advantages, accelerating the development of simple structure electrochromic applications in the future.
Effect of soaking time of blood cockle (Anadara sp.) shells powder with hydrochloric acid on the characteristics of nano calcium
Authors: Herlina D S , Sulmartiwi L , Masithah E D
Published: March 2021

Nanotechnology is an applied science at the atomic scale. Nanotechnology engages the construction of small structures and devices by manipulating each of the molecules and atoms that has unique and strong characteristics. The aim of this research is to know the effect of long soaking of blood cockle (Anadara sp.) shells powder in the hydrochloric acid on the characteristics of nano calcium, which include particle size analysis, analysis of the levels of minerals, yield, and analysis of proximate (moisture and ash). The research using RAL with 4 treatments (control, soaking 24 hour, soaking 48 hour, soaking 72 hour) with 5 replicates. Particle size, levels of minerals, and analysis of proximate (moisture and ash) analyzed by descriptive methods, while the yield data were analyzed with statistic. The best result is on 48 hour treatment. It can be seen from the size of particles, the levels of minerals, and yield.
Underlying factors of cost overruns in developing countries: multivariate analysis of Jordanian projects
Authors: Faten Albtoush A M , Doh S I , Rahman R A
Published: March 2021

While all project parties agree that exceeding the budget results in project failures, most construction projects in Jordan are suffering from cost overruns. Understanding the root cause of the issue is critical to solve the problem comprehensively. However, the previous studies lack information on the underlying causes that are resulting in cost overruns among the nation’s construction projects. The principal purpose of this study is to identify the most significant causes of cost overruns in Jordanian construction projects. Therefore, the researcher used the quantitative approach for data collection through questionnaire survey among stakeholders in the construction project. This study uses the principles of multivariate statistics in analyzing the causes of cost overruns in Jordanian construction projects. The findings revealed that the four major underlying causes for cost overruns in Jordan are financial difficulties, materials issues, design issues and additional works. Besides, the results also revealed that high transportation cost, unrealistic contract duration, slow decision making, extra quantity during construction, inadequate funds for project financing, inconsistent cash flows and payment problems faced by the clients from the government are critical sub cause for cost overruns in the region. The findings on the critical and underlying causes for cost overruns may help industrial practitioners in developing strategies to achieve better project success.
Application of the Beta Probability Density Function for Representing Infiltration of Water-Repellent Soil
Authors: Ren Changjiang , Zhao Yong , Zhao Xinyu , Lu Xianghui , He Guohua
Published: March 2021

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the infiltration of water-repellent soil. The most suitable mathematical model to represent infiltration of water-repellent soil was investigated and water infiltration into this column was measured for both hydrophilic and water-repellent soils of the Guishui River Basin. The results showed a monotonous increase and decrease in cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate over time within the hydrophilic soil, respectively. In contrast, the results for water-repellent soil showed: (1) The existence of a turning point in cumulative infiltration above which the infiltration rate increased sharply, with higher initial soil moisture content resulting in an earlier and larger increase in the infiltration rate; (2) A larger stable infiltration rate after the peak compared to that before the peak, with the overall infiltration rate presenting a single peak curve if the beginning of rapid infiltration is ignored. The applicability of the Kostiakov, segmented Kostiakov, Gaussian, segmented Gaussian, Beta and segmented Beta function infiltration models were analysed for the two soil types. The numerical analysis indicated that: (3) The Kostiakov and Beta function models showed better applicability for both hydrophilic and water-repellent soils; (4) For water-repellent soil, the Gaussian function infiltration model not only represented the monotonous decrease in infiltration rate, but also demonstrated a steady infiltration rate during the initial stage and a gradual increase and decrease in infiltration rate pre- and post-peak, respectively. Similarly, the Beta function model was able to represent the monotonous decrease in infiltration rate, and the segmented Beta function represented the U-shaped change in rapid infiltration before the threshold as well as the gradual increase and right-skewed distribution curve of infiltration pre- and post-turning point in water-repellent soil. The Beta function model achieved the highest simulation accuracy and showed the widest applicability.
A Study on Drying Control of Seed Cotton based on BP Neural Network Model
Authors: Feng Xianying , Guo Chunli , Li Pengcheng , Yang Bingsheng , Li Huaikun , Gao Haiqiang , Zhang Chengliang
Published: March 2021

In order to solve the storage, transportation and processing problems caused by too high or too low percentage of moisture regain in cotton processing, a general online flexible combination intelligent drying process scheme was designed based on two drying equipment, vertical drying tower and tower dryer. Firstly, based on BP neural network model, the relationship between the initial percentage of moisture regain, target percentage of moisture regain and hot air temperature is established. Secondly, DS18B20 single-bus temperature sensor is used to construct the multi-point temperature detection feedback system of drying system. Then, based on the feedback signal of temperature measurement, the temperature set value output by BP neural network model and the fuzzy PID model of seed cotton drying, the opening control of the heat source regulating valve is realized, so that the measured temperature at the entrance follows the set temperature quickly and accurately. Finally, the percentage of moisture regain of seed cotton was adjusted by controlling the hot air temperature at the mixing point, and the seed cotton was dried to the most favorable condition for processing. The test results show that the whole set of intelligent control process has high accuracy and can be used in actual production.
Analysis of Regional Comparative Advantages of Economic Crops in Henan Province Based on the Data Panel of 18 Urban Agriculture from 2017 to 2019
Authors: Yan Jianwei
Published: March 2021

It is of great significance to study regional comparative advantage of economic crops in Henan province in order to make the development plan of regional grain economy and forage and give full play to the advantages of characteristic agriculture. This article is based on Henan statistical yearbook data from 2017 to 2019, with 18 cities of Henan province as the research object, using scale, efficiency and comprehensive comparative advantage index, to discuss the construction of economic crop area comparative advantage problem. The study found that: in addition to vegetables which is of more production advantage area, scattered and in distinct features. Other economic crops have great regional difference, production concentration and obvious advantages features; The dominant regions are relatively stable, with little change, but there are obvious trend changes in the advantages of some regions (rising or falling); The regions with scale advantage does not necessarily have the efficiency advantage, the production scale and the efficiency have the important function to the regional crop production to have the advantage, both are indispensable. The government should do the following: Adjusting measures to local conditions, maximizing strengths and avoiding weaknesses; Winter agriculture and dry land agriculture should be developed, and intercropping and multiple cropping techniques should be popularized; Expanding the planting area of advantageous cash crops and strengthening the support of agricultural products processing enterprises; Accelerating innovation of agricultural science and technology and increasing proportion investment in agricultural research and innovation; improving regional agricultural infrastructure and raising the level of marketization.
Numerical Simulation to Determine the Effectiveness of Groynes and Breakwaters as Protective Structures for Gandoriah Beach, Pariaman City
Authors: Mera M , Chrisnatilova D
Published: March 2021

This research is about numerical simulation to determine the effectiveness of groynes and breakwaters as protective structures for Gandoriah Beach in Pariaman City (West Sumatra - Indonesia) using an existing program. The effectiveness of the protective structure can be seen based on the bathymetry that is formed as a result of this structure performance. In the simulation of the present research, the direction of the incoming waves at the offshore boundary condition is the dominant direction, namely the west direction, with two wave conditions, namely during normal and stormy times. Simulations of morphological changes are carried out in six scenarios. The first three scenarios are for wave simulations under normal conditions with no shore protective structures (scenario 1), with groynes (scenario 2) and with breakwaters (scenario 3). Meanwhile, the second three scenarios are for wave simulation in storm conditions with no shore protective structures (scenario 4), with groynes (scenario 5) and with breakwaters (scenario 6). The simulation results for the 20 days state show that in normal wave conditions, the breakwaters have a fairly good performance for the formation of sedimentation behind the structures so that it is estimated that the formation formed is tembolo. Meanwhile, groyne is only effective to restrain the sedimentation rate along the structures. In the wave simulation during stormy time, there is a dominant current along the nearshore. In this case the performance of the groynes is better than the breakwaters because the groynes can inhibit the rate of erosion along the shore. Due to the use of breakwaters there is erosion behind the structures. Based on the simulation results without shore protective structures, both in normal and storm waves, abrasion and erosion processes occur, so that Gandoriah Beach needs handling.
Optimization signal quality on cellular network based on Tilting-Antenna
Authors: Andre H , Ghozal M , Fitrilina  , Baharuddin  , Fernandez R , Asriyadi
Published: March 2021

The Difference of Strength and Quality Signal on cellular networks is affected by the traffic on cell and the shape of the region topology. One of the problems encountered in-service performance is overshoot caused by poor signal quality. Overshoot is a condition where a range of power exceeds the specified limits, till the MS (Mobile Station) is served by a distant cell and not from the closest cell. Overshoot occurs due to boosting power which aims to improve service quality when there is an increase in customer activity in the network cell. The antenna tilting method is an effective and responsive method to resolve overshoot problem since it can form cell coverage, cells identification, measure Rx and C/I (Carrier to Interference) levels.). The results showed that after tilting there was a change in cell identification from 5 cells to 3 cells. The value of Rx level increased from -92.8 dBm to -82.03 dBm for the 726-sector and -72.13 dBm to -70.27 dBm for the 727-sector, while the 725-sector remained unchanged. C/I value for <13 dB decreased from 47.20% to 13.68%, for a range of 13 dB values ≤ C/I ≤ 16 dB decreased from 17.63% to 12.73%, and for> 16 dB increased from 35.17% to 73.59%.
The effect of the core material of the Rogowski coil sensor on the sensitivity of the magnitude of partial discharge
Authors: Waldi E P , Winarta F P , Lestari A I , Fernandez R , Laksono H D , Aulia  , Rajab A , Nawawi Z , Ahmad M H , Hozumi N
Published: March 2021

The Rogowski Coil sensor is one of the sensors used to detect aging insulation, which is marked by the occurrence of Partial Discharge. Aging is damaged, which fails power tools when operated. If the insulation is aging and even causing damage, the distribution of electrical energy will be disrupted. This research presents two types of Rogowski Coil sensor core materials to detect Partial Discharge with the same number of turns. The number of turns is 5. The first sensor is a sensor with a ferromagnetic core and the second sensor is a sensor with a non ferromagnetic core. The test of the sensor is carried out by using a magnitude test using a charge calibrator as an imitation of Partial Discharge. The magnitude of the Partial Discharge read by the sensor uses a digital oscilloscope with an impedance of 50 Ohm. Measurement results compared to commercial sensors. The measurement results read by the oscilloscope found that the type of sensor core influences the magnitude value of Partial Discharge. The magnitude of the Partial Discharge sensor with a ferromagnetic core is greater than that of a sensor with a non ferromagnetic core. However, both results are much smaller than the commercial sensor even though the digital oscilloscope can read them.