bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From solid waste management towards the circular economy and digital driven symbiosis
Authors: Ruohomaa H , Ivanova N
Published: November 2019

This article is about regional development based on the principles of circular economy and the industrial symbiosis framework. Nowadays tremendous amount of solid waste from household, industrial and agricultural materials accumulate in the territories of different countries around whole world. Finland has experience in waste techno parks design and in the development of waste branch around the whole country. Finland has considered be one of the leading country in Circular Economy and its government strategic goal is to be the leading country in the world in Circular Economy until 2025. The Finnish experience shows that there has to be close co-operation between companies, universities and authorities, but also common goal and understanding.

The main questions: which are the elements that could be adapted from the Finnish Circular Economy and the resource efficiency thinking, and how to implement ideas into other cultural and industrial environments in Russia. Our researchers together could discuss and decide which are the key elements that can be used and which of them contradict to using industrial symbiosis development in Russia.
Intensification of pectin obtaining from apple pomace
Authors: Ivanchenko O , Aronova E , Balanov P , Smotraeva I
Published: November 2019

This study is devoted to the problem of improving the methods of pectin obtaining from apple pomace. The relevance of the study is dictated by the fact of formation of a large amount of waste when receiving apple juice. The output of apple juice at the enterprises of the processing industry is from 50 to 75%, therefore, 25-50% is waste. In our studies we used 42 KHz frequency of ultrasonic vibrations. The powers of ultrasound waves were 30 and 50W. The output of pectin depends on the sample exposure time, and with time passing this growth decreases and eventually stops, which may indicate that a certain amount of destruction has been reached at a given power. The maximum increase in the output of pectic substances is observed when the ultrasonic treatment time is 15 minutes and it is 26%. Capacity also affects pectin output. With power increasing from 30 to 50 W, the amount of pectin released increases by an average of 10%. It is shown that the use of separation at the stage of solution partitioning from pectin allows one to increase the speed of the process by a factor of two.
Characteristics of the fatty acid composition of naked oats of Russian selection
Authors: Batalova G A , Krasilnikov V N , Popov V S , Safonova E E
Published: November 2019

The fatty acid composition of acyl lipids of 7 naked oat cultivars was studied. Lipids are source of energy and plastic material; promote metabolic processes in the body. In the grain of studied lines the content of raw lipids varied from 5.91 to 7.87 %. The main fatty acids of the investigated lines of naked oats are linoleic (36.2-38.7 %), oleic (33.5-36.7 %), palmitic (15.3-17.8 %). According to the content of oleic and linoleic fatty acids and their ratio (1: 1), lipids of naked oats belong to the oleic-linoleic group of vegetable oils.
Mathematical modeling of pneumatic installations for transportation of solid domestic waste
Authors: Yusupov R , Andreev S
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the consideration of the method of mathematical modeling of a pneumatic transport installation. The peculiarity of the approach is that it is aimed at studying low-frequency processes in a simulated object, i.e. those processes that affect its energy. This will allow you to get a mathematical model of small dimension. For this purpose, the model is decomposed into subsystems separated from each other by weak elastic relations. A method for estimating the numerical value of the dynamic compliance of these bonds is proposed.
Modelling the static and dynamic characteristics of pneumatic muscle
Authors: Donskoj A , Kotkas L , Salova T , Barilovich V , Girshov V , Mertens K , Cherkesov G , Donskoy A , Fokin G , Akhmetova I
Published: November 2019

Pneumatic muscle is a new type of actuator that has a number of advantages over pneumatic cylinders, such as higher power-to-weight ratio, smooth speed adjustment, and longer operating life. Pneumatic muscle-based industrial devices can be used in combustible, explosive, and contaminated environments in different industry fields. This article is dedicated to the modeling of pneumatic muscles manufactured by FESTO, a global leader in the production of this type of pneumatic actuators. The existing pneumatic muscle models have several significant drawbacks: they can only be applied to specific types of pneumatic muscles and are inappropriate for FESTO pneumatic muscles, their accuracy is low, and they contain too many adjusting factors. The model presented in this article makes it possible to obtain static characteristics with up to 10% accuracy. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of application of the developed expression for modeling the dynamic characteristics of pneumatic muscle and to develop a comprehensive mathematical model of pneumatic muscle for describing the processes of raising and lowering a load.
Influence of material and thickness of slot insulation of the electric machine on the bearing voltage ratio
Authors: Vostrov K , Frolov V , Shestakov V , Popkov E , Mitrofanov A D
Published: November 2019

The Modern electrical drive systems which able to operate in variable-speed mode became a conventional setup since power electronics-based frequency converters became wide spread. Nevertheless, specific parasitic phenomena of bearing currents always accompanying drive systems fed by frequency converters. In electrical machines, especially in small size motors, major role in parasitic current patch plays capacitance between stator winding and rotor surface. In this paper it will be considered influence of winding insulation type on the bearing voltage ratio and corresponding winding-to-rotor capacitance.
Micro turbine installations classification principles based on a systematic approach
Authors: Barskov V , Besedin S , Rassokhin V , Smetankin A , Nikiforova O , Denisov A , Shashikhin V , Sidel’nikov B , Korotkov B , Akhmetova I
Published: November 2019

This article reviews a novel approach toward classification of micro turbine installations based on a systematic approach. Classification principles are described, and general requirements to classification system are formulated. Novel classification system for micro turbine installations is proposed.
Problems of Petroleum industry in Iraq
Authors: Alzuwaini H , Vasil’kov D , Kirillov N , Khitrov A , Tolmachev V , Okorokov R , Gatsenko O , Zaripova D
Published: November 2019

Iraq has been faced a lot of challenges from internal and external conflicts’ security situation is stable and war with terrorism, international transactions are not in favour of Iraq. Impact on investors, oil companies in the oil field.
Serious Games as innovative tools in HR policy
Authors: Bylieva D S , Lobatyuk V V , Nam T A
Published: November 2019

In the life of modern society information and communication technology occupy a significant place, being an active principle of social changes. Practically all processes, one way or another, go along with technologies. The total penetration of information and communication technologies into all spheres of life initiates the transformation of established social relations and norms. Particular attention we pay to the study of social norms in virtual reality. We observe the main forms of deviant behavior in the network, and the mechanism of social control, aimed at their regulation. At the same time, we prove that the areas of regulation are quite mobile and do not have a clear framework. Although we try to define three main areas of this type: area of law regulation, area of moral regulation, unregulated field. All the presented areas describe the visible phenomena. The essence of the virtualization process, however, turns out to be undetected. But after all, society itself can set a socially acceptable framework for the functioning of information and communication technologies, which can vary depending on religion, national circumstances or level of economic development. As a result, it can be noted that in the modern world the social landscape is changing dramatically.
Social Assessment of Innovations and Professional Responsibility of Future Engineers
Authors: Pozdeeva E G , Shipunova O D , Evseeva L I
Published: November 2019

This article focuses on the social aspects of technological development in the digital age. The assessment of feasibility and effectiveness of implementing new engineering developments implies an assessment of the sociological context of their future use. The position of the authors arises from the general concept of socially responsible innovations. It is emphasized that the global nature of implementing digital technology requires an ethical approach in analyzing the impact of implemented engineering developments on economic, political and social relations. The formation of professional culture of the future professional implies the availability of skills of social assessment of innovations and the readiness to be held responsible for innovative activities.
Modelling of the developed system for wood waste gasification
Authors: Aizyzan A A , Fedyukhin A V , Strogonov K V , Shaburov E L , Kravchenko S A , Kirillov N B , Nikitkov N V , Pankratov Yu M , Akhmetov T R
Published: November 2019

The aim of this work is mathematical modelling of the developed technological scheme of the combined-cycle gas generator unit. An efficient technological scheme for gasification of wood waste with electricity generation is proposed in the paper. Mathematical modelling of the developed biomass gasification scheme was carried out. The payback period of the proposed combined-cycle plant with gas generator is calculated.
Cybersport within non-classical ergonomics of immersive and interactive environments
Authors: Sergeev S , Burmistrov I
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to non-classical ergonomic of eSports. The theoretical foundations of non-classical and post-non-classical ergonomics of immersive and interactive environments are considered as applied to the activities of cybersportsmen. It is shown that the use of tools and the conceptual basis of classical ergonomics and engineering psychology are not enough to consider the self-organizing processes of mutual orientation of the gameplay participants in an artificial dynamic environment of activity. The new conceptual basis includes philosophical and natural science positions of radical and epistemological constructivism, which allows considering the recursive processes of autopoietic self-organization that take place in the subjective and communication sphere of gamers in the process of achieving a game result from a unified systemic position. The issues of professional training of gamers, the inclusion in the gaming environment, immersiveness and interactivity of artificial environments are considered. The problem of presence in the game world as criteria for the incarnation of the gamer’s “I” in the “I” of an effective game character is analyzed.
Information and communication technologies as an active principle of social change
Authors: Bylieva D S , Lobatyuk V V , Rubtsova A V
Published: November 2019

In the life of modern society information and communication technology occupy a significant place, being an active principle of social changes. Practically all processes, one way or another, go along with technologies. The total penetration of information and communication technologies into all spheres of life initiates the transformation of established social relations and norms. Particular attention we pay to the study of social norms in virtual reality. We observe the main forms of deviant behavior in the network, and the mechanism of social control, aimed at their regulation. At the same time, we prove that the areas of regulation are quite mobile and do not have a clear framework. Although we try to define three main areas of this type: area of law regulation, area of moral regulation, unregulated field. All the presented areas describe the visible phenomena. The essence of the virtualization process, however, turns out to be undetected. But after all, society itself can set a socially acceptable framework for the functioning of information and communication technologies, which can vary depending on religion, national circumstances or level of economic development. As a result, it can be noted that in the modern world the social landscape is changing dramatically.
Innovative activity of enterprises in the digital economy
Authors: Goncharenko L , Sybachin S , Rakhimova S , Podbiralina G
Published: November 2019

This article describes core innovative activity vectors of enterprises in the digital economy environment. The main threats, associated with the innovative activity of enterprises, and obstacles to the digital economy development in Russia have been identified.
Evaluation of the efficiency of rectangular separators to collect the particles from the gas flows
Authors: Dmitrieva Oksana S , Nguen Vu L , Yakimov Nikolay D , Sheshukov Evgeniy G
Published: November 2019

Analysis of the separation devices’ operation and improvement of efficient gas mixture purification processes is relevant issue and is a great interest for the specialists of different industrial brunches. Modernization of internal devices in the cases of existing separators is the main goal in the field of increasing the efficiency of fine dispersed particles’ collection process. Design of a rectangular separator with a number of I-beams has been developed. Operation principle of the device is described. When the multiphase flow moves between the device elements, the centrifugal force appears, that ensures the coagulation of finely dispersed liquid drops, facilitating their uniform settling on the entire surface of I-beams. The advantage of these separators is noted. High values of centrifugal force are achieved at relatively low gas flow rates that allows to carry out the separation processes at low energy costs. Numerical study of the gas mixture flow through the rectangular separator is shown at different values of the flow rate and different diameter of particles. The results of separation efficiency are shown for different designs of I-beams. Increase in the rate leads to efficiency increase. Ranges of efficient operation of the separator have been determined. Studies showed the advisability of using the rectangular separators to purify the gases from finely dispersed particles.
The use of heat pump installations as part of waste energy convertion complexes in the joint generation of electrical and thermal energy
Authors: Plotnikova Lyudmila , Kostyleva Elena , Chilikova Irina , Sitnikov Sergey
Published: November 2019

The possibility of using heat pump installations at thermal power plants is considered. An estimation of the sources of low-potential heat for the operation of the heat pump in the joint generation of electrical and thermal energy was carried out. The results of a comparative analysis of the schemes for the inclusion of a heat pump in the cooling system of recycled water are presented using the example of the Kirov thermal power plant.
Simulation of a reactor for thermal processing of coal-water fuel to produce syngas of specified composition
Authors: Mingaleeva Guzel , Galkeeva Aygul , Shamsutdinov Emil , Afanaseva Olga
Published: November 2019

The main physical and chemical regularities for development of a flow gasifier for thermal processing of coal-water fuel (CWF) on condition of the set structure received syngas are presented in this article. Based on the calculations made on the residence time of a CWF drop in the reactor and the time of gasification reactions the gasifier was designed with vertical heating surfaces. Calculation of the main sizes of a gas generator for gas productivity on synthesis gas 500, 1000 and 1500 m3/h is carried out. The results of a constructive calculation show that in order to ensure the required residence time of a CWF particle in the volume of the gasifier it is necessary to ensure a certain length of the reactor, regardless of the gas throughput.
Practical applicability of the method for measuring pressure of controlled medium on the example of a pulsating combustion boiler
Authors: Sinitsyn Anton , Mukhametova Liliya
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes a new way to study the nature of vibration component of pressure change over time for an energy device. This method makes it possible to record and process measurement results, compare frequency characteristics at various points of the device working space, and evaluate the presence of defects in its work. The authors have identified the main problems of developing a measuring complex to study the nature of vibration component of the pressure change over time for an energy device, and numerical and field tests have been carried out.
Method for determining the basic energy characteristics of elements of a hybrid car engine
Authors: Rakov Vyacheslav , Ivanov V N , Karpov Yu G , Melehin V F , Izmailov R A , Yun V K , Zaripova D A
Published: November 2019

A method for determining the basic energy characteristics of a hybrid car engine is presented. The technique takes into account parameters of the vehicle and parameters of the driving mode during operation. The basis of the technique is traction power and energy calculation. According to the source data, the flow of energy passing through mechanical, electrical chains and through the storage of electrical energy is determined. The technique is implemented in the form of algorithms for the calculation program and allows one to simultaneously receive the main technical characteristics of the vehicle when it is equipped with a hybrid engine of a sequential, parallel and mixed type. The presented method allows one to obtain the following values: the required power of the internal combustion engine, the required power of the motor generator, the minimum capacity of the electrical energy storage device, the estimated fuel consumption. This article presents an example of calculating the basic parameters of a combined power plant for a car weighing 1500 kg when driving it along the standard European driving test cycle. Similar calculations can also be carried out for any other cycle and parameters of the vehicle, including the bus, truck, and tractor.
Thermal and aerodynamic efficiency of a stationary switching regenerative heat exchanger
Authors: Monarkin Nikolay , Lukin Sergey , Anurov Yu M , Tihomirov B A , Agasiants G A , Galileev S M , Akhmetov T R
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to comparison of thermal and aerodynamic efficiency of two configurations of the regenerative nozzle used in the regenerative heat exchanger for room ventilation. The impact of nozzle channel diameter, nozzle length and stage time on the thermal efficiency of the nozzle, its aerodynamic resistance and the required fan power is considered.
Mathematical modeling of heating temperature mode for a heat exchange system of the type “pipe in pipe”
Authors: Naimov Alijon , Sinitsyn Anton , Gazizov Farit , Eperin A P , Rundygin Yu A , Agasiants G A , Galileev S M , Akhmetov T R
Published: November 2019

A mathematical model of heating of inhomogeneous medium “TEH-sand-air” was constructed and investigated as an initial-boundary value problem for the heat equation in polar coordinate system with boundary conditions that take into account the peculiarities of thermal processes at the boundaries of the inhomogeneous medium. A solution is given to the initial-boundary problem and an algorithm is proposed for calculating the thermal characteristics of the heating process and regular temperature conditions. The study is relevant for development of a computer virtual model of the heating process of an inhomogeneous medium in order to clearly demonstrate the heating process over a short period of time, as well as to calculate the corresponding thermal characteristics based on real experimental data.
Computer modelling of heat energy regeneration process in a reversible heat exchanger
Authors: Naimov Alijon , Sinitsyn Anton , Vetyukov M M , Palmov V A , Kosmach V F , Titovec Yu F , Akhmetova I G
Published: November 2019

The article considers approbation of the developed mathematical model of the process of thermal energy accumulation in a stationary switching regenerative heat exchanger using the Matlab computer system. The model was constructed and numerically investigated using a difference scheme. This method is necessary for development of algorithms for calculating the thermal characteristics of heat and mass transfer processes under conditions of regeneration and phase transitions, as well as for analyzing the criteria for optimal control of the operation of this apparatus under nominal and critical environmental conditions.
Improving methods for identifying electric motor parameters in case of stator winding damage
Authors: Alyunov A N , Vyatkina O S , Ivanov V N , Karpov Yu G , Melehin V F , Andreev A M , Mukhametova L R
Published: November 2019

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of electric motors. It has new properties that increase the sensitivity and efficiency in terms of detecting internal short circuits in the windings of controlled electric motors in non-stationary conditions.
Innovative technology for dismantling the windings of electric motors using ultrasonic radiation
Authors: Nemirovskiy A E , Kashin A I , Kosmach V F , Titovec Yu F , Toptygin I N , Zaripova D A
Published: November 2019

The use of ultrasonic radiation showed an advantage over the existing methods of dismantling the windings of electric motors (EM). The method is based on the cavitation impact of ultrasonic vibrations and the capillary effect, which helps the caustic soda solution (NaOH) to quickly penetrate into the thickness of the lacquer impregnation and contribute to the destruction of the insulation from the inside. Analysis of dismantling of EM windings on the basis of ultrasound was carried out by the method of active experiment planning. As a result, a mathematical model of the process of removing the “burnt” EM winding was obtained, and the optimal parameters of power and duration of ultrasound, the temperature and the concentration of the NaOH solution were determined. Asynchronous electric motors (AEM) are the most widespread receivers of electrical energy. To ensure reliable and trouble-free operation of the AEM as a part of technological processes, it is necessary to implement completely new methods for their protection with the possibility of preventive action, carrying out continuous monitoring of motor parameters. In contrast to the systems of classical protection, which are triggered by faults, the system being developed makes it possible to avoid severe emergencies by predicting and detecting damages at an early stage.
Study of the temperature mode of a tunnel kiln using new Celsius© thermal sensors
Authors: Sinitsyn Anton , Belyanskiy Dmitry , Kiyatkin R P , Loshchakov I I , Mamaev Yu A , Zaripova D A
Published: November 2019

The paper proposes a new approved system for control and monitoring of the working process parameters during production of building ceramic bricks for modern enterprises. We analyzed various devices for measuring the raw brick temperature, and identified the shortcomings of the existing instruments and measuring systems. To create high production efficiency, increase the competitiveness of products on the market, reduce the product cost as part of automation of long-term and energy-intensive technological processes, we proposed a method of organizing optimal control of drying process of ceramic bricks at the industrial plant using new Celsius © thermal sensors. A digital temperature sensor is used as a sensitive element, which eliminates the need for calibrating the primary transducer. The device can be installed on the object of examination using a threaded connection, magnetic mounting, or can be used to measure the temperature at the required depth due to remote primary measuring transducer. It is shown that device is universal and will be efficient for the needs of enterprises for which the control of thermodynamic parameters is the basis of the technological process.
Photobioreactors for microalga Chlorella Sorokiniana cultivation
Authors: Politaeva N , Smyatskaya Yu , Timkovskii A L , Lezhnev E I , Polyanskii V A , Timofeev A N , Tulub A A , Zaripova D A , Lopicheva O G
Published: November 2019

This work presents various constructions of photobioreactors for microalgae Chlorella Sorokiniana cultivation. We studied dependence of biomass production rate on photobioreactor construction. We suggest special photobioreactor construction for pilot-scale biomass production. We explored the ways to use the obtained biomass as a source for lipids and carotinoids. We recommend to use waste biomass for obtaining of sorption materials for water purification. The spent sorption materials may be used as a co-substrate for fermentation of organic wastes.
A new approach for recycling of spent activated sludge
Authors: Politaeva N , Prokhorov V , Lezhnev E I , Polyanskii V A , Matisov B G , Mukhametova L R , Mukhin I A
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the basic methods of disposal and recycling of waste activated sludge. We propose a new technology of neutralization of waste activated sludge and subsequent disposal in the form of an adsorbent for cleaning oil-contaminated wastewater and production of complex fertilizers, allowing to intensify the process of phytoremediation of soils from oil.
Flexible allocation of costs between electricity and heat as a factor for improving the CHP competitiveness
Authors: Sukhareva E , Fedyukhin A V , Kikot E A , Matisov B G , Nikitkov N V , Izrantsev V V , Knorring V G , Kondrashkova G A , Akhmetov T R , Sinitsyn A A
Published: November 2019

The review of cost allocation methods when forming cost of energy with the combined production was carried out. Their strengths and weaknesses were revealed. The article is devoted to the development of the distribution system costs in the form of energy cost.
Improvement of energy efficiency of motor fuel production at oil refinery
Authors: Markov V , Fedyukhin A , Sultanguzin I , Matisov B G , Nikitkov N V , Izrantsev V V , Knorring V G , Konrashkova G A , Mukhametova L R
Published: November 2019

This work presents a complex of technological solutions aimed at possible improvement of performance efficiency of oil refinery plants. These technological solutions are based on the control mechanisms of consumer material-heat balance for obtaining an optimum balance between fractionating accuracy of the obtained distillates, process energy characteristics and increase of the thermal energy integration at the plant. At this the proposed solutions do not provide the changes of the basic plant equipment, and no significant capital investments should be made for its implementation.
Egypt and nuclear energy: aspects, reasons and future
Authors: Cauich-López D A , Payan L F Barrera , Abdelhalim A M N , Izrantsev V V , Knorring V G , Kondrashkova G A , Pankratov Yu M , Mukhametova L R , Sinitsyn A A
Published: November 2019

This article tries to give an analysis of the current energy situation in Egypt and to the Egyptian nuclear program giving a spot light on the history of the nuclear program and the reasons that made the nuclear energy a possible and applicable solution to the energy problems in Egypt. Also, it shows the Russian – Egyptian cooperation in the field of nuclear energy and the role of the Russian side in development of the Egyptian nuclear program
Investigation of gas fuel combustion efficiency at magnetic field treatment
Authors: Sinitsyn A , Rusakov D , Izrantsev V V , Kravchenko S A , Konrashkova G A
Published: November 2019

This paper presents an investigation of gas fuel combustion efficiency at magnetic field treatment. Equipment used for magnetic fuel activation is analyzed. Basing on the conducted analysis, the authors developed a laboratory setup and special technique for investigation of magnetic field impact on gas fuel characteristics during its combustion. The obtained experimental results are presented.
Aluminum-based composite reinforced with fullerene soot
Authors: Yunusov F. , Bobrynina E. , Ma T. J. , Larionova T. , Okrepilov M. , Mazin V. , Kravchenko S. , Yakovlev V. , Chulkin S. , Zaripova D
Published: November 2019

Al-based composites with fullerene soot have been successfully prepared using powder metallurgy route. The selected parameters of the powder preparation for extrusion are discussed. The microstructure and phase composition are analyzed by optical microscopy and XRD analysis. It is shown that carbon reacts with Al with very fine carbide particles formation, resulting in micro stress of the aluminum matrix, and providing high strength of the composite. The obtained composites have excellent strength characteristic (660MPa) and satisfactory ductility (4.5%). It was shown that the developed Al-based composites can successfully compete with the best aluminum alloys used for electrical wire production.
Local buckling of box-shaped beams due to skew bending
Authors: Manzhula K. , Naumov A. , Sokolov S. , Okrepilov M. , Kravchenko S. , Kondrashkova G. , Shashikhin V. , Yakovlev V. , Chulkin S. , Mukhametova L
Published: November 2019

Local buckling efficiency of different types of beams was reviewed. For beams with non-linear walls and parameterized geometry local buckling analysis was made in ANSYS. Based on the results of ANSYS calculation analytic formula was evaluated in MathCAD using the least square method. Analysis of the influence of different geometrical parameters on local buckling stress value for beams with non-linear walls was completed.
Nanocomposite antifriction molybdenum disulfide (filler) – silicon oxide (matrix) coatings
Authors: Alexandrov S. , Tyurikov K. , Breki A. , Kondrashkova G. , Shashikhin V. , Matisov B. , Mamaev Y. , Timofeev A. , Burdakov S. , Zaripova D A
Published: November 2019

It was demonstrated experimentally that the spatial separation of two processes of chemical vapor deposition, one of which provides synthesis of filler (MoS2) nanoparticles and the other yields the matrix (SiO2) of the nanocomposite coating, performed in a common reactor, enables an independent control over two process rates and makes it possible to widely vary the composition of the films deposited in this way. The deposition was performed in a double-zone vertical tubular quartz reactor. Molybdenum disulfide particles were produced by pyrolysis of aerosols of ammonium thiomolybdate solutions in dimethylformamide in the upper zone of the reactor, and the plasma-chemical deposition of a nanocomposite coating occurred in the lower zone into which MoS2 nanoparticles were transported by the gas flow and tetraethoxysilane was delivered. It was shown that the nanocomposite coatings composed of molybdenum disulfide (filler) and silicon oxide (matrix) possess improve the antifriction properties as compared with the matrix (SiO2 layers), these properties being determined by the relative amounts of MoS2 nanoparticles in the layer and by their average size.
Aerosol-assisted chemical deposition of nanocomposite material in the “iron-carbon-oxygen” system
Authors: Tyurikova I. , Alexandrov S. , Tyurikov K. , Murashkin S. , Baron Y. , Kosmach V. , Loshchakov I. , Pankratov Y. , Burdakov S. , Mukhametova L R
Published: November 2019

The process based on aerosol chemical deposition of a composite with a carbon matrix and iron oxide nanoparticles incorporated therein was developed. O-xylene is proposed as the source of carbon, and stabilized and unstabilized magnetic fluid based on water or dimethylformamide - source of nanoscale iron oxide. The proposed method allows to obtain composite materials of various types with several directions of growth.
Daily Associations between Child and Parent Psychological Factors and Home Opioid Use in Youth with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Stone Amanda L , Williams Zaria , McNaull Melissa , Wilson Anna C , Karlson Cynthia W
Published: November 2019

Background

Opioid analgesics are frequently used in the home setting to manage episodic pain in youth with sickle cell disease (SCD). Given the risk of adverse side effects, including constipation and sedation, understanding factors associated with at-home opioid use is important for maximizing pain relief while minimizing negative side effects.

Purpose

The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between individual psychological factors (pain catastrophizing and negative affect), caregiver psychological factors (catastrophizing about child’s pain and caregiver negative affect), and home opioid use in youth with SCD.

Methods

Youth with SCD (n = 32) and a caregiver (n = 28) recruited during a routine outpatient hematology visit completed electronic 14 day diaries assessing pain, opioid use, and psychological factors.

Results

Approximately 28% of youth (n = 9) reported pain ≥50% of diary days and a third of youth (n = 11, 34%) used opioid analgesics at least one of the diary days. The number of days opioid analgesics were used ranged from 0 to 7 (50% of diary days). Results from generalized linear mixed models indicated greater child negative affect accounted for increased odds of opioid use on a given day when accounting for pain intensity. Greater caregiver catastrophizing about children’s pain was also associated with increased odds of children’s opioid use.

Conclusions

Child and parent psychological factors relate to child opioid use at home for SCD-related pain. Future research is warranted in larger samples to identify targets for interventions to enhance pain management while reducing opioid-related risk and side effects.
Impact of Chronic Medical Condition Development on Longitudinal Physical Function from Mid- to Early Late-Life: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Authors: Lange-Maia Brittney S , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie A , Kazlauskaite Rasa , Strotmeyer Elsa S , Karavolos Kelly , Appelhans Bradley M , Janssen Imke , Avery Elizabeth F , Dugan Sheila A , Kravitz Howard M
Published: November 2019

Background

Chronic medical conditions (CMCs) often emerge and accumulate during the transition from mid- to late-life, and the resulting multimorbidity can greatly impact physical function. We assessed the association of CMC presence and incidence on trajectories of physical function from mid- to early late-life in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation.

Methods

Physical function was assessed at eight clinic visits (average 14 years follow-up) using the physical function subscale of the Short Form-36. CMCs included osteoarthritis, diabetes, stroke, hypertension, heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and depressive symptomatology, and were considered cumulatively. Repeated-measures Poisson models estimated longitudinal change (expressed as percent difference) in physical function by chronic CMCs. Change-points assessed physical function change coincident with the development of a new condition.

Results

Women (N = 2,283) followed from age 50.0 ± 2.7 to 64.0 ± 3.7 years; 7.3% had zero CMCs through follow-up, 22.5% (N = 513) had no baseline CMCs but developed ≥1, 22.7% women had ≥1 baseline CMC but never developed another, and 47.6% had ≥1 baseline CMC and developed ≥1 more. Each additional baseline CMC was associated with 4.0% worse baseline physical function and annual decline of 0.20%/year. Women with more baseline CMCs had greater decline in physical function with a new CMC (−1.90% per condition); and annual decline when developing a new condition accelerated by −0.33%/year per condition.

Conclusions

Self-reported physical function changes are evident from mid- to early late-life with the development of CMCs. Preventing or delaying CMCs may delay declines in physical function, and these potential pathways to disability warrant further research.
CAREGIVER TYPE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH MORTALITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH DISABILITY IN CHINA
Authors: Wu Chenkai , Li Haoxue , liu Xiaoting , chen honglin
Published: November 2019

A large proportion of older adults in China needs assistance with activities of daily living (ADL). The quality of care for this population has gained growing attention. However, little is known about the patterns of their caregiver type or its association with mortality. We examined the patterns of primary caregiver type among community-dwelling older adults in China and to examine the association between caregiver type and mortality. Data were from the 2005, 2008, and 2011 waves of the China Longitudinal Health and Longevity Study. We included 437 married and 3,971 widowed participants. The average age was 96.7 years (SD=6.9) and 73.7% were female. For married persons, 55.1%, 25.2%, 12.1%, 2.3%, and 3.9% of the primary caregiver was spouse, son/daughter-in-law, daughter/son-in-law, grandchildren, and housekeeper. For widowed persons, 60.2%, 21.1%, 9.9%, and 5.9% of the primary caregiver was son/daughter-in-law, daughter/son-in-law, grandchildren, and housekeeper, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted model showed that, among married older adults, son/daughter-in-law and daughter/son-in-law as the primary caregiver was associated with 41% (95% confidence interval [CI]=6%-87%) and 67% (95%CI=10%-154%) higher mortality than spouse as the primary caregiver, respectively. For widowed persons, daughter/son-in-law and grandchildren as the primary caregiver was associated with 12% (95%CI=3%-20%) and 14% (95%CI=2%-24%) lower mortality than son/daughter-in-law as the primary caregiver, respectively. Majority of disabled older adults in China relied on their spouse and children to care for them. Type of primary caregiver was associated with death in both married and widowed persons. More resources need to be allocated to disabled Chinese older adults with poor survival outcomes.
Comparison of Methyl Bromide and Phosphine for Fumigation of Necrobia rufipes (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae), Pests of High-Value Stored Products
Authors: Hasan Md Mahbub , Aikins M Jamie , Schilling M Wesley , Phillips Thomas W
Published: November 2019

Fumigation with methyl bromide has been a long established and effective method for controlling many pests of stored products, including the key major pests that infest dry-cured hams, aged cheese, and other value-added durable stored products. Methyl bromide had been widely used for the disinfestation of dry-cured ham facilities in the United States, but is now phased out of use since it is an ozone-depleting substance. This paper reports laboratory studies to evaluate the efficacies of methyl bromide and phosphine for controlling two of the key arthropod pests of dry-cured hams and aged cheeses. Larvae of the red-legged ham beetle, Necrobia rufipes (Fabricius), were the most tolerant life stages when treated with either phosphine or methyl bromide for 48 h exposure at 23°C, whereas eggs of the mold mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), were slightly more tolerant than mobile stages for both compounds. Under laboratory conditions, complete control was achieved for the both species with concentrations of 0.85 and 4.0 g/m3 of phosphine and methyl bromide, respectively, at 48 h exposure. The results give new information for judicious use of the existing stocks of methyl bromide, whether for pest mitigation or to help in developing a quarantine treatment schedule with that gas. Phosphine shows good potential as an effective alternative to methyl bromide, but if it was to be adopted as a fumigant in the dry-cured ham industry, methods to prevent metal corrosion would need to be designed and effectively implemented.
WASP-52b. The effect of star-spot correction on atmospheric retrievals
Authors: Bruno Giovanni , Lewis Nikole K , Alam Munazza K , López-Morales Mercedes , Barstow Joanna K , Wakeford Hannah R , Sing David K , Henry Gregory W , Ballester Gilda E , Bourrier Vincent , Buchhave Lars A , Cohen Ofer , Mikal-Evans Thomas , García Muñoz Antonio , Lavvas Panayotis , Sanz-Forcada Jorge
Published: November 2019

We perform atmospheric retrievals on the full optical to infrared ($0.3\!-\!5 \, \mu \mathrm{m}$) transmission spectrum of the inflated hot Jupiter WASP-52b by combining HST/STIS, WFC3 IR, and Spitzer/IRAC observations. As WASP-52 is an active star that shows both out-of-transit photometric variability and star-spot crossings during transits, we account for the contribution of non-occulted active regions in the retrieval. We recover a 0.1–10× solar atmospheric composition, in agreement with core accretion predictions for giant planets, and no significant contribution of aerosols. We also obtain a <3000 K temperature for the star-spots, a measure which is likely affected by the models used to fit instrumental effects in the transits, and a 5 per cent star-spot fractional coverage, compatible with expectations for the host star’s spectral type. Such constraints on the planetary atmosphere and on the activity of its host star will inform future JWST GTO observations of this target.
Perioperative fosfomycin disodium prophylaxis against urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rosado-Canto Rodrigo , Parra-Avila Idalia , Tejeda-Maldonado Javier , Kauffman-Ortega Cristopher , Rodriguez-Covarrubias Francisco T , Trujeque-Matos Mariedel , Cruz-Martínez Rodrigo , Maravilla-Franco Ernesto , Criollo-Mora Elia , Arreola-Guerra José M , Morales-Buenrostro Luis E , Sifuentes-Osornio José
Published: November 2019

Background

Symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infectious complication in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Fosfomycin (FOS) is an attractive alternative for prophylaxis because it does not interact with immunosuppressants; although 90% is excreted unchanged in the urine, it does not require adjustment for renal function for single dose prophylaxis.

Methods

RTRs were recruited into this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomized (1:1) to receive one 4 g dose of FOS disodium intravenously 3 h (FOS group) or placebo (placebo group) before placement and removal of a urinary catheter and before removal of a double-J ureteral stent. All participants received prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The main outcome was a comparison of the mean number of symptomatic UTI and asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) episodes per patient during a 7-week follow-up period. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NTC03235947.

Results

Eighty-two participants were included (41 in the FOS group and 41 in placebo group). The mean number of AB or symptomatic UTI episodes per patient was lower in the FOS group [intention-to-treat (ITT) 0.29 versus 0.60, P = 0.04]. The incidence of symptomatic UTI was lower in the FOS group (ITT, 7.3% versus 36.6%, P = 0.001), and there was no difference in the incidence of AB between both groups. The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups.

Conclusions

FOS addition is an effective and safe strategy to reduce the number of symptomatic UTIs during the first 7 weeks after renal transplant.
Modulation of Nigrofugal and Pallidofugal Pathways in Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease
Authors: Avecillas-Chasin Josue M , Honey Christopher R
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established surgical therapy for patients with Parkinson disease (PD).

OBJECTIVE

To define the role of adjacent white matter stimulation in the effectiveness of STN-DBS.

METHODS

We retrospectively evaluated 43 patients with PD who received bilateral STN-DBS. The volumes of activated tissue were analyzed to obtain significant stimulation clusters predictive of 4 clinical outcomes: improvements in bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and reduction of dopaminergic medication. Tractography of the nigrofugal and pallidofugal pathways was performed. The significant clusters were used to calculate the involvement of the nigrofugal and pallidofugal pathways and the STN.

RESULTS

The clusters predictive of rigidity and tremor improvement were dorsal to the STN with most of the clusters outside of the STN. These clusters preferentially involved the pallidofugal pathways. The cluster predictive of bradykinesia improvement was located in the central part of the STN with an extension outside of the STN. The cluster predictive of dopaminergic medication reduction was located ventrolateral and caudal to the STN. These clusters preferentially involved the nigrofugal pathways.

CONCLUSION

Improvements in rigidity and tremor mainly involved the pallidofugal pathways dorsal to the STN. Improvement in bradykinesia mainly involved the central part of the STN and the nigrofugal pathways ventrolateral to the STN. Maximal reduction in dopaminergic medication following STN-DBS was associated with an exclusive involvement of the nigrofugal pathways.
Fiscal Decentralization and Public Investment in Innovation: A Country Panel Analysis
Authors: Colombo Daniel G , Martinez-Vazquez Jorge
Published: November 2019

This article presents a first analysis of the potential link between the level of fiscal decentralization of a country and its public investment in innovation. We present a theoretical model where a “benevolent government” invests in research and development (R&D) aiming at maximizing net income, and R&D results are subject to interregional knowledge spillovers. The model predicts that decentralization leads to a lower level of public spending on innovation, and to a lower share of basic research in the government R&D budget. These hypotheses are empirically tested using country aggregate data. The results provide empirical support to the mentioned hypotheses, as we find evidence that higher levels of both expenditure and revenue decentralization are associated with a lower intensity of basic research in public R&D and with a lower level of R&D spending. The strength of the evidence, however, is weakened by the small sample size and shortcomings of the indicators used in the analysis.
Impact of eHealth technologies on patient outcomes: a meta-analysis of chronic gastrointestinal illness interventions
Authors: Rohde Jacob A , Barker Joshua O , Noar Seth M
Published: November 2019

Gastrointestinal (GI) illness interventions are increasingly utilizing eHealth technologies, yet little is currently known about the extent of their impact on patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the GI eHealth intervention literature. We used a comprehensive search strategy to locate studies. To be included, studies had to be a randomized controlled trial comparing an eHealth intervention condition against a no-treatment or waitlist control condition. Studies had to report data on at least one of the following patient outcomes: medication adherence, quality of life (QoL), psychological distress, illness-related knowledge, or number of patient visits to the clinic/hospital. Analyses weighted effect sizes (d) by their inverse variance and combined them using random effects meta-analytic procedures. K = 19 studies conducted in eight countries with a cumulative sample size of N = 3,193 were meta-analyzed. Findings indicated that GI eHealth interventions improved patients’ QoL (d = .25, p = .008), psychological distress (d = .24, p = .017), medication adherence (d = .17, p = .014), and illness-related knowledge (d = .19, p = .002). GI eHealth interventions also significantly reduced the number of patient visits to the clinic/hospital (d = .78, p = .005). Our findings suggest that eHealth interventions hold promise in improving patient outcomes for those with GI illnesses. We suggest the next generation of GI interventions continue developing and evaluating the impact of technology using randomized controlled trial designs, and perhaps consider adapting existing efficacious interventions for burgeoning platforms, such as smartphones and tablets.