bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MULTIJEZIČNOST U EVROPSKOJ UNIJI U KONTEKSTU PREVODA PRAVNIH AKATA
Authors: Ratković Milijana
Published: May 2019

Evropska unija poštuje pravo svojih građana na identitet i, iako predanaintegraciji zemalja članica, Evropska unija istovremeno promoviše slobodu svojihnaroda da govore i pišu vlastitim jezikom. Multijezičnost je takođe i jedan od temeljana kojima počiva EU. Ujedinjeni u različitosti (United in diversity) jedan je odnajčešćih slogana u dokumentima EU. U skladu s ovim motom, raznolikost jezikazajedničko je bogatstvo i EU na to gleda kao na jedan od svojih prioriteta. Prevođenjepravnih propisa EU je sastavni dio predpristupne strategije svake države kandidata začlanstvo u Evropskoj uniji i jedan je od ključnih elemenata uspješne integracije u EU.Tekstovi pravnih akata objavljuju se na svim službenim jezicima i svi imaju istupravnu snagu.
UTICAJ KULTURNIH RAZLIKA NA FORMULISANJE MARKETING MIKSA MULTINACIONALNIH KOMPANIJA
Authors: Bašić Željka , Kostić-Stanković Milica , Cvijović Jelena
Published: May 2019

Otvorenost privrede, spoljnotrgovinske aktivnosti i internacionalna orijentacijakompanija su značajni elementi savremenog poslovanja. Kako su se multinacionalnekompanije sve više suočavale sa tržištima na kojima je prisutno više različih kultura,rasla je i svest o značaju kulturnih činilaca za organizaciju i njeno poslovanje.Globalno posmatrano, svaki potrošač, kao društveno i kulturno biće, član je određenezajednice koju odlikuju različita uverenja, običaji, životni stilovi, sistemi vrednostiitd., stoga je prvi korak ka uspešnom zadovoljenju najraznovrsnijih potrošačkihpotreba upravo identifikovanje kulturnih razlika. Nedovoljno razumevanje iuvažavanje ovih razlika može imati direktne implikacije na uspešnost poslovanja,predstavljati značajnu barijeru i biti uzrok konflikata i neuspeha. Sa druge strane,pravovremeno istraživanje kulture ciljnog tržišta i prilagođavanje instrumenatamarketing miksa njegovim zahtevima i preferencijama značajno povećava šanseuspešnog pozicioniranja kompanije i njenih proizvoda/usluga i usvajanja od stranepripadnika ciljne grupe.Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu predstavlja spektar uticaja koje diferenciranostkultura ima na definisanje marketing miksa multinacionalnih kompanija, sa posebnimakcentom na značaj prethodnog istraživanja i detaljne analize različitih kulturnihatributa. U radu se ukazuje na složenost donošenja odluka koje se tiču definisanjaadekvatnih marketinških strategija na internacionalnom nivou. Na kraju, predložen jeinterdisciplinarni teorijsko-metodološki okvir za istraživanje kulturnih razlika radiformulisanja marketing strategija i ukazano je na njegovu isplativost i mogućnostpraktične primene.
ULOGA UNAPREĐENJA PRODAJE U IZGRADNJI BRENDA
Authors: Cvijović Jelena , Kostić – Stanković Milica , Petronijević Marija
Published: May 2019

U radu se analizira primena aktivnosti unapređenja prodaje u procesu izgradnjebrenda i identifikuje njihova uloga u cilju ostvarenja zadovoljstva i lojalnosti kupaca.Dat je opširan pregled literature iz predmetne oblasti i istaknuti su i upoređenirezultati prethodnih istraživanja autora koji su proučavali različite aspekte korišćenjaovog promotivnog instrumenta u cilju razvoja i pozicioniranja određenih brendova.Kroz analizu rezultata empirijskog istraživanja prikazani se stavovi menadžmentakompanija, sa jedne strane, i krajnjih potrošača, sa druge strane, o važnosti primeneovog promotivnog instrumenata, njegovim efektima i diferencijalnim uticajem napotrošačke percepcije, kao i na izgradnju dugoročnog odnosa i privrženostiodređenom brendu.
UPRAVLJANJE JAVNIM DUGOM U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI U FUNKCIJI ISPUNJAVANJA KRITERIJA EVROPSKE UNIJE
Authors: Osmanović Azira , Omerhodžić Sead
Published: May 2019

Smatra se da su u mnogim državama, posebno državama u tranziciji, strukturaduga, a ne njegova visina, glavni razlog finansijskih kriza i nestabilnosti u državi.Kada se razmatra struktura duga polazi se od pitanja, koja je to struktura duga koja bibila poželjna da država postigne stabilan privredni razvoj?Upravljanje javnim dugommože se definisati kao skup postupaka i odluka koje se donose radi prikupljanjafinansijskih sredstava koja su potrebna državi. Neke od najznačajnijih odluka koje sepri tome donose su one o veličini duga, valutnoj strukturi, i roku otplate, ali je vrlovažno da se vodi računa o riziku i troškovima koji proizilaze iz tih odluka. Zaupravljanje javnim dugom od izuzetne važnosti je da postoji dugoročnastrategija.Neminovnost i budućnost BiH je ulazak u Evropsku uniju. Zbog toga, ali izbog ekonomske stabilnosti u državi, neophodno je pristupiti upravljanju javnimdugom. Da bi pristupili Evropskoj uniji, mora se težiti uvođenju operacija naotvorenom tržištu, međubankarskih, novčanih i tržišta hartija od vrijednosti.
ANALIZA RAZVOJA POSLOVA LIZINGA U REPUBLICI SRPSKOJ U PERIODU OD 2008. DO 2012. GODINE
Authors: Agić Zorana
Published: May 2019

Poslovna praksa u tržišnim privredama pokazala je da rastuće potrebe investiranjane mogu biti zadovoljene samo klasičnim oblicima finansiranja. Iako se najčešćedefiniše kao posebna vrsta zakupa, lizing je složena poslovna transakcija koja, osimzakupa, uključuje namjensko finansiranje kupovine predmeta lizinga, ali i mogućnostpružanja dopunskih usluga (održavanje predmeta lizinga, obuku kadrova i slično).Lizing pruža mogućnost preduzećima da modernizuju svoju opremu i da tako postanuefikasniji i konkurentniji na tržištu. Rad je posvećen analizi lizing poslova u RepubliciSrpskoj, odnosno poslovanju lizing kompanija čije je sjedište u Republici Srpskoj ilizing kompanija čije je sjedište u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine, a koje preko svojihposlovnih jedinica posluju na teritoriji Republike Srpske. Pitanje koje se samo po sebinameće je zašto lizing kompanije na ovom prostoru posluju sa gubitkom? Da li je tozbog smanjenja broja lizing ugovora ili zbog loše naplate potraživanja? Da li je tozbog velikih troškova lizing kompanija ili zbog lošeg standarda građana RepublikeSrpske? Finansijska analiza razvoja lizing poslova u periodu od 2008. do 2012.godine trebala bi dati odgovor na ovo pitanje.
OBRAČUN TROŠKOVA ABC METODOM
Authors: Budimir Nemanja
Published: May 2019

Tradicionalni pristup obračuna troškova podrazumeva pre svega jednostavnu kalkulacijudeljenja gde preovladavaju troškovi direktnog rada i direktnog materijala, dok sa drugestrane indirektni troškovi zauzimaju relativno mali udeo u ukupnim troškovima proizvodnje.Sa druge strane, novi uslovi poslovanja u kome je prisutnost turbulentnih promena uokruženju veoma izražena, zahtevaju mnogo više nego ranije, relevantne i pouzdaneinformacije koje predstavljaju veoma bitnu podršku menadžmentu u svim fazama procesadonošenja odluka. Osamdesetih godina 20.veka, kao novi način rasporeda opštih troškova,razvija se metoda upravljanja troškovima na temelju aktivnosti (ABC metod). Ovaj metodobračuna troškova na temelju aktivnosti nastao je kao odgovor problemima sa kojima sesusreću treadicionalne metode. Ona osigurava objektivnu sliku o rasporedu indirektnihtroškova koje nastoji što preciznije raspodeliti na njihove nosioce. Upravo zahvaljujući tomeona daje mnogo tačnije i preciznije informacije o troškovima u odnosu na tradicionalnemetode koje upotrebljavaju menadžeri različitih nivoa.
UTICAJ DIZAJNA PAKOVANJA PROIZVODA NA PONAŠANJE POTROŠAČA
Authors: Milić Mladen , Vrhovac Dražen
Published: May 2019

Koliki uticaj na ponašanje potrošača ima dizajn proizvoda prilikom odlučivanja okupovini istražićemo na primjeru poređenja tri proizvoda istog ili sličnog kvaliteta i cijene,kao dva osnovna faktora koji najviše utiču na to koji će proizvod kupac odabrati i kupiti.Ipak, ne treba zanemariti ni dizajn pakovanja kao prvi vizuelni efekat na kupca, a koliki jenjegov uticaj i da li je presudan pri odlučivanju kupca bavićemo se istraživanjem u ovomradu. Kao proizvode koje ćemo porediti uzeli smo čokoladu od proizvođača „Pionir“Subotica, „Štark“ Beograd i „Kraš“ Zagreb. Da li se kupci za kupovinu čokolade Pionir,Štark ili Kraš odlučuju na osnovu dizajna pakovanja pokazaće ovo istraživanje. Istraživanjeće pokazati i koliko je dizajn pakovanja uslovljen brendom Pionir, Štark ili Kraš, ali i koji suopredjeljujući elementi samog dizajna pakovanja čokolade. Ovaj rad se zasniva narezultatima istraživanja sprovedenog anketiranjem ispred megamarketa „Tropic“ u Bijeljini,Banja Luci i Zvorniku različite starosne dobi, obrazovanja i pola, kako bismo dobili širokobuhvat anketiranih, tako i stvarnu sliku društva u okviru samog istraživanja.
Environment regime influence on Chlorophyll-a abundance and distribution in North Indian Ocean
Authors: Elepathage Thushani Suleka Madhubha , Tang Danling
Published: May 2019

North Indian Ocean region around India and Sri Lanka is a complex and rich coastal ecosystem undergoing various seasonal and inter-annual changes and various pressures. Hence the objective of this study was to assess the scales of coupling between chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a) and the influencing variables and explore the nature of the spatiotemporal variability of them. The seasonal and annual variations of chl-a along the Bay of Bengal (BoB), Arabian sea (AS) and ocean region around Sri Lanka in relation to the physical and chemical oceanographic variables were analyzed using satellite observations covering the period of 2002-2018. The effects of diffuse attenuation coefficient, photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), sea surface temperature (SST), Wind speed, Eastward wind component, Nitrate, Black carbon column mass density, Sea Salt Surface Mass Concentration, Open water net downward longwave flux, Surface emissivity were considered on a monthly time scale. Wavelet analysis and the Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) were used as the main analysis and modeling methods. The peaks of chl-a, diffuse attenuation coefficient, and nitrate were observed in September. In wind speed and eastward wind it was July and in black carbon column mass density, and PAR in March. In Sea Salt Surface Mass Concentration, Open water net downward longwave flux, Surface emissivity, Diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance, and SST mean maximums were found in June, February, November, September, April respectively. In BRT model the estimated cross validation (cv) deviance, standard error (se), training data correlation, cv correlation, and D2 were 0.003, 0.002, 0.932, 0.949, and 0.846 respectively. According to the results, diffuse attenuation coefficient (90%), eastward wind component (3.7%) and nitrate (3%) were the most positively correlated variables with Chl-a occurrence. SST evidenced an inverse relationship with Chl-a. According to the model built <42 Einsteinm-2day-1 PAR, <0.986 surface emissivity, <70 Wm-2 open water net downward long wave flux, 28.2 -28.5 0C SST , 2 ms-1 Wind speed, 5 ms-1 - 6 ms-1 eastward wind, 4.8 x10-8 -7x10-8 kgm-3 sea salt surface mass concentration, and 0.1-0.5micromoleL-1 nitrate are favourable for the optimum level of phytoplankton occurrence. Since BRT deals robustly with non-linear relationships of the environmental variables it can be used in further studies of ecological modeling.
Possible epigenetic influence on cellular differentiation and lineage segregation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: May 2019

Epigenetics provides the critical connection between environmental influence and gene expression, where environmental stressors could modulate expression of specific genes in particular scenarios using molecular markers etched at the genome level. Hence, epigenetics likely play important roles in potentiating the development of specific lineages, cell fate or cellular differentiation. For example, when specific environmental stressor is present, epigenetic markers in the genome receive a signal for either activating or deactivating expression of particular sets of genes, which may be linked to the developmental trajectory of the organism. Using Escherichia coli as model organism, a possible study may investigate the role of epigenetics in influencing cellular differentiation of the bacterium. Specifically, a single E. coli cell would be propagated into a consortium of 12 or more bacterial cells in a microfluidics growth chamber. Genetic material extracted would be sent for single cell genomics, transcriptomics, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). After profiling, the residual population would be diverted by microchannels to 6 different cell growth chambers, where they would be cultivated under identical conditions for understanding possible triggers to cell differentiation. At suitable time points of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 hours, single cell would be extracted from each growth chamber for profiling single cell genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenetics markers. Optical and confocal laser scanning microscopy would provide readout of cell morphologies. Comparison of the readout between the original clonal population and those of the different growth chambers may provide important points for correlating epigenetic markers with gene expression and phenotypic readout in cell lineage, fate and differentiation. In subsequent experiments, different environmental stressors such as pH, imbalance nutrient composition between carbon and nitrogen, nanoparticles or heavy metals, could be used as triggers for specific cell growth response guided by epigenetic programmes embedded within the epigenome of the bacterium. Collectively, epigenetics hold influence for cellular differentiation in view of specific environmental stressors, where epigenetic markers on the genome communicate specific environmental factor's effect on the organism through altering expression of particular sets of genes, that result in different cell fate, lineage and differentiation. Using modern single cell techniques at the genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics level, the study hopes to elucidate epigenetic potentiators of cellular differentiation in E. coli with and without environmental stressors such as nutrient deprivation, pH and toxic metals.
The protective effect of nicotinamide riboside against age-induced hepatic disease in mice
Authors: Han Xue , Bao Xiaogang , Lou Qi , Xie Xian , Zhou Shasang , Jiang Guojun
Published: May 2019

Background & Aims. Aging is one of the key triggers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Yet, the pathomechanism of the age-associated NAFLD is not fully understood. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an ubiquitous coenzyme, has beneficial effects on aging. Here, we investigated the actions of NAD precursors nicotinamide riboside (NR) on the development of age-induced NAFLD. Methods. NR supplied food (2.5g/kg food) was applied to aged mice for three months. Changes of body weight, food intake, hepar weight and fat pat mass were measured. The serum concentrations of lipid content, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and NAD were determined by biochemical assays. Pathological assessment and immunohistochemistry analysis of hepatic tissues were used to evaluate the effect of NR on NAFLD development and inflammation infiltrated. Results. NR significantly reduced fat pat mass, lipid content and AST in aged mice, but didn't modify in terms of body weight, food intake, hepar weight and ALT in aged mice. Given normal chow, aged mice displayed decline of NAD concentration. In aged mice model, moderate NAFLD phenotypes, including steatosis and hepatic fibrosis (Masson's trichrome staining and TGF-β staining) were observed in liver. In addition, Kupffer cells accumulated and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression were more aggravated in hepatic tissues. Whereas, NR administration completely corrected these NAFLD phenotypes and inflammation infiltrated in liver. Conclusion. NR has benefits on age-associated lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis, and the oral uptake of NR may be a promising strategy to prevent the progression of NAFLD.
Library Publishers as Educators: Crafting Curriculum for Undergraduate Research Journals
Authors: Hare Sarah
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION Library publishing programs continue to play an increasingly important role in educating their constituents. In particular, library publishers that support undergraduate student journals often provide guidance to students on both mechanical and conceptual issues related to publishing. This article presents a case study for developing a one-credit-hour course to support an undergraduate student journal publication, the Indiana University Journal of Undergraduate Research (IUJUR), at Indiana University Bloomington. DESCRIPTION OF COURSE The course is offered every fall as a mechanism for onboarding about thirty new undergraduate editors. The course was developed and taught by a librarian and an undergraduate student in consultation with IU’s Office of the Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education. Course curriculum touches on topics that scholarly communication and information literacy librarians alike can adapt for a variety of educational contexts, including authentic activities for understanding peer review models and applying publishing innovations. ASSESSMENT The article details both the formative and summative assessment strategies the instructor utilized to gauge student understanding of key publishing concepts. The summative assessment utilizes pre- and post-tests and extends previous library literature to evaluate students’ actual understanding of publishing concepts in addition to their perceived understanding and confidence. LIMITATIONS AND NEXT STEPS The course curriculum will continue to grow and change in order to accommodate students’ misconceptions and interests.
Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of purine content in marine fish during boiling
Authors: Li Tingting , Ren Likun , Wang Dangfeng , Song Minjie , Li Qiuying , Li Jianrong
Published: May 2019

Background

Gout is the second most common metabolic disease affecting human health. The disease of gout is closely related to the level of uric acid, which is the end-product of human purine metabolism. Moreover, food is the main way of external ingestion of purine.

Method

A simple and time-saving method was developed to extract purines like adenine, hypoxanthine, guanine, and xanthine from marine fish by single factor design combined with Box–Behnken. The contents of these purines in the edible parts and internal organs of marine fish, as well as Scophthalmus maximus, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography to investigate the relationship between the boiling process and purine content.

Result

The mixed-acid method was chosen for the extraction of purine bases and the extraction conditions were as follows: mixture acid 90.00% TFA/80.00% FA (v/v, 1:1); hydrolysis temperature 90.00 °C; time 10.00 min; liquid-to-solid ratio 30:1. The total purine content of the edible parts (eyes, dorsal muscles, abdominal muscles, and skin) was the highest in Scophthalmus maximus, followed by sphyraena, Sardinella, Trichiurus lepturus, Scomberomorus niphonius, Pleuronectiformes, Sea catfish, Anguillidae, and Rajiformes. Moreover, boiling significantly reduced the purine content in the marine fish because of the transfer of the purines to the cooking liquid during boiling. Scophthalmus maximus, Sphyraena, and Sardinella were regard as high-purine marine fish, which we should eat less. We also confirmed that boiling significantly transferred purine bases from fish to cooking liquid. Thus, boiling could reduce the purine content of fish, thereby reducing the risk of hyperuricemia and gout.
Ophthalmic Problems of Adults in Rural Communities of Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Nnenna Obi-Fortune, , Sydney Ejimadu, Chibuike
Published: May 2019

Aim: To determine the ophthalmic problems and their possible causes among adults in rural communities in Rivers State.

Methods: A multistage population based random sampling study of adults in five clans of Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State. Medical history was taken and comprehensive ocular examination done on each subject. Ocular examination included visual acuity, visual field, tonometry and ophthalmoscopy. Data taken were recorded and analysed using statistical software called Minitab 11. Ethical approval was obtained from relevant authorities.

Results: Out of the 600 subjects seen in this study 276 (46.0%) were males and 324 (54.0%) females. They were all above 21 years old. Twenty six (2.4%) subjects had good vision while 8 (0.8%) were blind. The ophthalmic problems identified were Presbyopia 298 (28.0%), Refractive error 247 (23.2%), Cataract 126 (11.8%), Allergic conjunctivitis 106 (9.9%), Glaucoma 94 (8.8%), Pterygium 86 (8.1%), Bacterial conjunctivitis 35 (3.3%), Corneal opacity 32 (3.0%), Chalazion 4 (0.4%), Diabetic retinopathy 3 (0.3%) and Ptosis 1 (0.1%).  

Conclusion: The most common ophthalmic problems in this study which were dependent on gender and occupation include Presbyopia, Refractive Error, Cataract and Allergic Conjunctivitis. More females and farmers were seen in this study. The problems identified can be easily managed if well-equipped health facilities are provided by the government.
A/D and D/A Conversion Architectures and Techniques
Authors: Sonkusale Sameer , Zourntos Takis
Published: November 2024

This article is concerned with the data conversion subsystem that interfaces the front‐end and back‐end portions of the transceiver core. A data converter translates signals between analog and digital representations. Our emphasis is on data converters for mobile communication systems in which cost and power savings are a priority. Therefore, although much of our discussion is of a general nature, our presentation is geared toward CMOS integrated circuit implementation and applications with low to moderate bandwidths (e.g., communications with WCDMA, IEEE 802.11a/b, or Bluetooth protocols).
Gallium Nitride for Electronics
Authors: Lee Jong-Wook , Adesida Ilesanmi
Published: November 2024

In addition to their usefulness in optoelectronic applications, GaN‐based devices also have excellent electronic properties such as high critical breakdown fields, high saturation velocity, and good thermal conductivity. Many laboratories around the world have demonstrated microwave power performance for GaN devices that are far superior to the performance of other solid‐state device technologies. The GaN‐based high‐electron‐mobility transistor (HEMT) is considered an ideal candidate for highpower and high‐temperature RF/microwave applications.
Noise, Low‐Frequency
Authors: Handel Peter H.
Published: November 2024

Low‐frequency noise, containing fluctuations of current or voltage with frequency components below 10 kHz, is mainly fundamental 1/fnoise and sometimes nonfundamental 1/fnoise. In addition, shot noise, generation–recombination (GR) noise, and thermal noise, which are important at higher frequencies, also extend to the low‐frequency domain. All theses forms of electronic noise, are characterized by the mean squared current fluctuation ((δI)2) [or ((δV)2≡RMSδV)2for voltage], measured in series with (or across) the device or sample under test, when a constant voltage (current) is applied, except for thermal noise, which is present even in thermal equilibrium, with no bias applied.
Enhancing targeted doses: Low‐energy photon lipiodol‐enhanced radiotherapy (LEPERT) for liver cancer patients
Authors: Kawahara Daisuke
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study proposes a novel approach, “Low‐energy photon Lipiodol‐Enhanced Radiotherapy” (LEPERT), for patients with liver cancer. Moreover, we evaluate the dose difference of the conventional treatment planning with 10 MV X‐ray beam (MV‐plan) and LEPERT.

Methods

The computed tomography (CT) was modeled with the Monte Carlo simulation. For LEPERT, 120 kV X‐ray beams collimated with CT were irradiated on a virtual tumor filled with Lipiodol at 10–50 mg/mL, which was inserted into a whole‐body phantom. A prescribed dose of 40 Gy/4fr was irradiated to achieve D95% of the target. The doses to the target and organs at risk (OARs), such as the bone, normal liver, spinal cord, and kidneys, were evaluated by comparison with conventional radiotherapy with a 10 MV VMAT plan (MV‐plan).

Results

Differences in the effective energy and off‐axis ratio between the measurements and simulations were within 2 keV and 3%, respectively. The D2% of tumors exceeded 130% of the prescribed dose at 50 mg. The difference in the D98% of the tumor between LEPERT and MV‐plan was within 0.7 Gy. The V5Gy of the normal liver (>40 mg/mL) was lower for LEPERT than for MV‐plan. The V20Gy of the normal liver (>10 mg/mL) for LEPERT was over 80% lower than that for MV‐plan. Dose constraints for the OARs were satisfied.

Conclusion

The LEPERT can selectively enhanced only the tumor region with sparing the OAR dose. It could be a novel and effective treatment technique in the point that the treatment machine is a general CT device.
Assessment of clinical feasibility:offline adaptive radiotherapy for lung cancer utilizing kV iCBCT and UNet++ based deep learning model
Authors: Zeng Hongwei , Chen Qi , E Xiangyu , Feng Yue , Lv Minghe , Zeng Su , Shen Wenhao , Guan Wenhui , Zhang Yang , Zhao Ruping , Wang Shaobin , Yu Jingping
Published: November 2024

Background

Lung cancer poses a significant global health challenge. Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) addresses uncertainties due to lung tumor dynamics. We aimed to investigate a comprehensively and systematically validated offline ART regimen with high clinical feasibility for lung cancer.

Methods

This study enrolled 102 lung cancer patients, who underwent kV iterative cone‐beam computed tomography (iCBCT). Data collection included iCBCT and planning CT (pCT) scans. Among these, data from 70 patients were employed for training the UNet++ based deep learning model, while 15 patients were allocated for testing the model. The model transformed iCBCT into adaptive CT (aCT). Clinical radiotherapy feasibility was verified in 17 patients. The dosimetric evaluation encompassed GTV, organs at risk (OARs), and monitor units (MU), while delivery accuracy was validated using ArcCHECK and thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) detectors.

Results

The UNet++ based deep learning model substantially improved image quality, reducing mean absolute error (MAE) by 70.05%, increasing peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) by 17.97%, structural similarity (SSIM) by 7.41%, and the Hounsfield Units (HU) of aCT approaching a closer proximity to pCT compared to kV iCBCT. There were no significant differences observed in the dosimetric parameters of GTV and OARs between the aCT and pCT plans, confirming the accuracy of the dose maps in ART plans. Similarly, MU manifested no notable disparities, underscoring the consistency in treatment efficiency. Gamma passing rates for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans derived from aCT and pCT exceeded 98%, while the deviations in TLD measurements (within 2% to 7%) also exhibited no significant differences, thus corroborating the precision of dose delivery.

Conclusion

An offline ART regimen utilizing kV iCBCT and UNet++ based deep learning model is clinically feasible for lung cancer treatment. This approach provides enhanced image quality, comparable treatment plans to pCT, and precise dose delivery.
Relationship Between Number of Different Lower‐Limb Resistance Exercises Prescribed in a Program and Exercise Outcomes in People With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Regression
Authors: Lawford Belinda J. , Bennell Kim L. , Spiers Libby , Kimp Alexander J. , Dell'Isola Andrea , Harmer Alison R. , Van der Esch Martin , Hall Michelle , Hinman Rana S.
Published: November 2024

Objective

We determine whether there is a relationship between the number of different lower‐limb resistance exercises prescribed in a program and outcomes for people with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

We used a systematic review with meta‐regression. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Embase up to January 4, 2024. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated land‐based resistance exercise for knee osteoarthritis compared with nonexercise interventions. We conducted meta‐regressions between number of different exercises prescribed and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for pain and function. Covariates (intervention duration, frequency per week, use of resistance exercise machine[s], and comparator type) were applied to attempt to reduce between‐study heterogeneity.

Results

Forty‐four trials (3,364 participants) were included. The number of resistance exercises ranged from 1 to 12 (mean ± SD 5.0 ± 3.0). Meta‐regression showed no relationship between the number of prescribed exercises and change in pain (slope coefficient: −0.04 SMD units [95% confidence interval {95% CI} −0.14 to 0.05]) or self‐reported function (SMD −0.04 [95% CI −0.12 to 0.05]). There was substantial heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias. However, even after removing 31 trials that had overall unclear/high risk of bias, there was no change in relationships.

Conclusion

There was no relationship between the number of different lower‐limb resistance exercises prescribed in a program and change in knee pain or self‐reported function. However, given that we were unable to account for all differences in program intensity, progression, and adherence, as well as the heterogeneity and overall low quality of included studies, our results should be interpreted with caution.
Introducing Lewis Base‐Phosphate to Boost Neutral Seawater Splitting in Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer
Authors: Han Mei , Wang Haibin , Zhou Jieshu , Liu Kangning , Wang Ning , Chen Xihao , Liu Yongchang , Liang Hongyan
Published: November 2024

Electrolysis of seawater using anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) under neutral conditions, is an attractive method for hydrogen production. Unfortunately, competitive anodic chlorine evolution reaction together with sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics caused by insufficient OH−, significantly limit the system's current density and operational stability. Herein, Lewis base phosphate (PO43−) is used as a proton acceptor to accelerate the cleavage of OH−H bonds, which facilitates the accumulation of *OH. NiFeP nanosheets grown on pretreated nickel foam (NiS‐A) are used as the free‐standing electrode. During the OER process, the pre‐catalyst NiFeP spontaneously transforms into Lewis base‐PO43− decorated Ni(Fe)OOH. Experimental studies and density functional theory calculations reveal that Ni(Fe)OOH active phases adsorb H2O intermediates and synergize with the protophilic Lewis base PO43− to favor the dissociation of water molecules (*H2O→*OH+H++e−), ensuring the timely supply of *OH in neutral media. Meanwhile, PO43− also exhibits excellent ability to repel chloride ions in seawater splitting, achieving ≈98.2% oxygen Faradaic efficiency. The optimized NiFeP/NiS‐A delivers a low overpotential (280 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and long‐term OER durability (over 400 h at 500 mA cm−2). Integrating NiFeP/NiS‐A in a seawater‐based AEMWE can achieve an industrially required current density of 1.0 A cm−2 (60 °C) at 1.8 V and an operation stability over 220 h.
Additive Manufacturing of Magnetic Materials for Energy, Environment, Healthcare, and Industry Applications
Authors: Rezaei Bahareh , Moni Hur‐E‐Jannat , Karampelas Ioannis H. , Sharma Arjun , Mostufa Shahriar , Azizi Ebrahim , Liu Xiaolong , Zeng Minxiang , Gómez‐Pastora Jenifer , He Rui , Wu Kai
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have significantly expanded the potential applications of magnetic materials and devices. This review summarizes various AM methods, including ink‐based and ink‐free processes, and their use in fabricating complex magnetic structures with specific properties tailored for different fields. Key applications discussed include energy‐harvesting devices enhanced with magnetic nanoparticles, water decontamination through magnetically guided microswimmers, and magnetic soft composites in robotics and medical devices. In addition, the integration of AM in producing wearable and flexible magnetic sensors is highlighted, demonstrating its transformative impact on human‐machine interactions. Furthermore, rare‐earth‐free magnets and electric motor designs enabled by AM techniques are also discussed. Despite material compatibility and scalability challenges, AM provides opportunities for creating multifunctional, sustainable devices with reduced waste. Future research should focus on optimizing these techniques for complex applications and large‐scale production, particularly in eco‐friendly and industrial settings.
Whispers of Entropic Distortion Elevating Voltage and Electrochemical Depth in Potassium Hexacyanoferrate Cathodes
Authors: Chou Chi‐Wei , Tuan Hsing‐Yu
Published: November 2024

Prussian Blue Analogues (PBAs) are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to their broad operating voltage range, low potassium‐ion diffusion barriers, and cost‐effective, simple synthesis. However, the passivation of low‐spin transition metal centers and inherently poor electronic conductivity severely limit PBAs' potential to achieve high energy density and long‐term cycling stability. In this study, the first successful activation of low‐spin transition metal reactivity in a non‐aqueous PIB system through the incorporation of a high‐entropy multimetallic coordination strategy is reported. This approach not only precisely regulates the voltage platform but also significantly enhances the material's energy density. The synthesized high‐entropy K1.19Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Mn0.2[Fe(CN)6]0.79□0.21·1.16H2O (HEPBA) cathode achieved a remarkable energy density of 407.67 W h kg−1 at an average working voltage of 3.89 V, with a capacity retention of 88.03% after 2000 cycles at 500 mA g−1. Density functional theory (DFT) and field emission analysis (FEA) calculations revealed that the high‐entropy design not only improved the electronic conductivity during K+ intercalation but also significantly reduced ion diffusion barriers. Additionally, the material exhibited reduced volumetric expansion during potassium‐ion insertion/extraction, greatly enhancing its long‐term cycling stability.
Multifunctional High‐Entropy Alloy Nanolayer Toward Long‐Life Anode‐Free Sodium Metal Battery
Authors: Liu Lin , Cai Zijian , Yang Shoumeng , Yang Yang , Yao Yu , He Shengnan , Xu Shitan , Wu Zhijun , Pan Hongge , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan
Published: November 2024

Anode‐free sodium metal batteries (AFSMBs) hold great promise due to high energy density and low cost. Unfortunately, their practical applications are hindered by poor cycling stability, which is attributed to Na dendrite growth and inferior Na plating/stripping reversibility on conventional sodiophobic current collectors. Here, a thin high‐entropy alloy (HEA, NbMoTaWV) interfacial layer composed of densely packed nanoplates is constructed on commercial aluminum foil (NbMoTaWV@Al) for AFSMBs. The enhanced sodiophilicity of the HEA greatly reduces Na nucleation barrier with low nucleation overpotential. Simultaneously, abundant active sites of the HEA can boost interfacial reaction kinetics and guide uniform Na deposition. Furthermore, plentiful HEA nanoplates can homogenize electric field distribution and decrease the local current density. Benefiting from the advantageous properties of NbMoTaWV@Al, outstanding electrochemical performances, including an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% over 1000 cycles at 2 mA cm−2/2 mAh cm−2 in asymmetric cells, alongside a small overpotential (10 mV at 1 mA cm−2) and a long lifespan of 2500 cycles in symmetric cells, are achieved. More impressively, the anode‐free NbMoTaWV@Al||Na3V2(PO4)3 batteries display superior cycling stability over 300 cycles. This work presents an efficient method of employing multifunctional HEA materials to manipulate the interfacial properties of current collector for high‐performance AFSMBs.
Grain‐Boundary Elimination via Liquid Medium Annealing toward High‐Efficiency Sb2Se3 Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Qi , Tang Rongfeng , Che Bo , He Yawu , Wu Ting , Peng Xiaoqi , Yang Junjie , Sheng Shuwei , Zhu Changfei , Chen Tao
Published: November 2024

Suppression of charge recombination caused by unfavorable grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline thin films is essential for improving the optoelectronic performance of semiconductor devices. For emerging antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) materials, the unique quasi‐1D structure intensifies the dependence of GB properties on the grain size and orientation, which also increases the impact of defects related to grain structure on device performance. However, these characteristics pose significant challenges in the preparation of thin films. In this study, a novel annealing approach using ammonia–thiourea is developed mixed solution as the liquid medium (LM) to finely regulate the crystallization of Sb2Se3 films, resulting in micron‐sized large grains with enhanced [hk1] orientation and fewer defects. Mechanistic studies indicate that the intermediate phase formed at the GBs promotes the growth of large grains. Moreover, LM creates a closed and uniform environment for thin‐film annealing, suppressing the volatilization of Se and reducing the types of deep‐level defects. Consequently, the film delivers a device efficiency of 9.28%, the highest efficiency achieved for Sb2Se3 solar cells fabricated via thermal evaporation. Hence, this study provides a facile and effective annealing method for controlling the crystallization of low‐dimensional materials and offers valuable guidance for the development of chalcogenide materials.
Precise Regulation of Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton‐Transfer Materials for High‐Efficiency Monochromatic and White‐emitting OLEDs
Authors: Yang Tao , Wei Qi , Jiang Xinchen , Liu Yujian , Gao Zhiqiang , Mi Baoxiu , Fan Quli , Qian Yan
Published: November 2024

Conventional fluorescent WOLEDs generate white light by incomplete energy transfer but face challenges in precisely controlling energy transfer and improving device efficiency due to the maximal utilization of 25% singlet excitons. In this study, two newly developed excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorophores emit orange and white light. These fluorophores utilize excitons efficiently (70–88%) via high‐level reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) exclusively in the keto form and in both isomers (enol/keto), respectively. The white emitter, with comparable dual emissions, enables the fabrication of color‐stable cold‐white single‐emitter OLED with a CRI of 74 and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 5.60%. The orange emitter, when combined with a sky‐blue TADF fluorophore, creates non‐energy‐transferred single‐emitting‐layer (SML) high‐performance cold‐ and pure‐white WOLEDs with CIE coordinates of (0.26, 0.35) and (0.32, 0.32), and maximum EQEs of 13.34% and 9.66%, respectively. Importantly, these complementary‐color WOLEDs demonstrate high reproducibility, offering advantages for industrial batch fabrication. Thus, this research presents a route to achieve cost‐effective mass production of simple‐structured and high‐efficiency WOLEDs.
Independent and Free Control of Multiple Beams Enabled by Wideband Spin‐Decoupled Metasurface
Authors: Li Fengxia , Yin Xiaohan , Yin Jia‐Yuan , Deng Jing‐Ya
Published: November 2024

Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase is typically employed to control circularly polarized (CP) waves, but it has spin‐locked limitations due to its conjugate phase response to different spins. Recently, by modulating both propagation and PB phases, spin‐decoupled metasurfaces have attracted much attention. Most of these spin–decoupled metasurfaces are realized by regulating co‐polarized components, which need N meta‐atoms to achieve a 360° phase coverage. However, this research on wideband high‐efficiency spin‐decoupled metasurfaces based on polarization conversion meta‐atoms by adjusting cross‐polarized components is still lacking. Compared with the regulation of co‐polarized components, only N/2 meta‐atoms are needed for the regulation of cross‐polarized components, which greatly reduces the design difficulty. Here, two spin‐decoupled metasurfaces are proposed for the generation of multiple vortex beams and pencil beams, which exhibit broadband and high‐efficiency performance at the frequency range of 9–21 GHz. This work has the potential to significantly promote the development of wideband polarization multiplexing and multichannel meta‐devices, with various applications in cyberspace security, wireless communication, imaging, and target detection.
Extrinsic Dual‐Mode Self‐Trapped Excitons Emission With Highly Linear Polarization From Cu3PS3Se
Authors: Ai Yingjie , Li Guoting , Chen Wei , Zhao Renjie , Huang Wenjing , Zhang Nenghui , Zhong Xuying , Dou Wei , Zhou Yangbo , Zhai Yaxin , Tang Dongsheng , Zhou Weichang
Published: November 2024

Benefiting from the potential application as a single component white light source, the broadband self‐trapped excitons (STEs) emission in low‐dimensional metal halides has attracted wide attention. However, such broadband STE emission in metal thio‐ and seleno‐phosphates is scarce, and the formation mechanism is ambiguous. Herein, the broadband dual‐mode (red and near‐infrared) light emission and their linear polarization in orthorhombic Cu3PS3Se crystals are reported. The absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra show a large Stokes shift of 0.43/0.76 eV and a broad emission wavelength range of ≈200 nm, exhibiting the significant STEs feature. Transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) reveals a broad positive photo‐induced absorption, further proving the formation of STE states. These STEs exhibit a highly linear polarized emission behavior with a degree of polarization up to 0.51. According to the excitation angles dependent polarized PL and Raman spectroscopy measurements, it is assigned that both the anisotropic optical absorption and electron‐phonon interaction contribute to the STEs emission polarization in Cu3PS3Se. These findings not only extend the STEs from metal halides to metal thio/seleno‐phosphates but also offer the potential prospects for novel optical polarizers, polarization‐sensitive photodetectors, optical and optoelectronic synaptic devices application of anisotropic STEs emission.
Flexible Liquid Crystal Cascade Dielectric Metasurface for Dynamically Controlling Terahertz Beam Deflection
Authors: Ji Yunyun , Jiang Xinhao , Fan Fei , Zhao Huijun , Dong Xipu , Cheng Jierong , Chang Shengjiang
Published: November 2024

Terahertz (THz) beam deflection devices with tunable capabilities are highly desired in future wireless communication and radar systems. In this work, a cascaded metadevice is constructed by integrating liquid crystal (LC) into a dielectric metasurface, and then the phase of each meta‐atom is designed to achieve different polarization conversions and spatial phase gradient distributions. Therefore, by changing the polarization of the incident wave or the LC optical axis orientation, an active THz beam deflection device that can actively and independently control the spin state and deflection angle of the output wave can be obtained. Specifically, the output right circularly polarized (RCP) wave is deflected to the +1st diffraction order, and the output left circularly polarized (LCP) wave is deflected to the +2nd diffraction order. The experimental results indicate that the cascaded metadevice exhibits a large angular spatial dispersion in the frequency angle scanning range of +25°–+17.5° (+1st order) and +52.5°–+35° (+2nd order) corresponding to the broadband range of 0.6–0.83 THz. The spin isolation of all diffraction order channels can reach over 10 dB and the maximum diffraction efficiency of 56% can be obtained. In addition, the universality of the proposed LC‐cascaded metasurface design concept has also been verified, providing a feasible path for complex, multifunctional, and active THz wavefront manipulation, thereby exploring more possible application scenarios.
Blue‐Emitting Iridium(III) Carbene Phosphors with Suppressed Efficiency Roll‐Off and Enhanced Durability of Hyper‐OLED Devices
Authors: Yan Jie , Wu Chengcheng , Yiu Shek‐Man , Kuhn Martin , Huang Manli , Zhang Youming , Zhou Xiuwen , Yang Chuluo , Wei Guodan , Chi Yun
Published: November 2024

OLED technology has been long hampered by the slow progress of efficient and durable blue phosphors. To circumvent this issue, a novel imidazo[4,5‐b]pyrazin‐2‐ylidene chelate with both the bulky tert‐butyl and 2,6‐dimethylphenyl appendages is rationally employed in synthesizing Ir(III) carbene phosphors f‐ct8c and f‐ct8d. Installation of bulky groups at the proper location not only reduces the anticipated product isomers to two, but also improves the photophysical efficiency of these Ir(III) emitters. Notably, these emitters exhibited blue photoluminescence with excellent quantum yields and short radiative lifetimes. One device with assistant sensitizer f‐ct8c at 10 wt% and terminal emitter ν‐DABNA at 1 wt% has successfully achieved a remarkable EQEmax of 30.5%, CIExy chromaticity of (0.129, 0.079), confirming the generation of exceptional blue hyperphosphorescence. Moreover, the same emitter f‐ct8c co‐doped in exciplex co‐host of SiCzCz: SiTrzCz2 afforded EQEmax of 28.4% and EQE of 23.6% at practical luminance of 1000 cd m‒2, respectively, together with max. luminance exceeding 27000 cd m‒2. A long operational lifetime LT50 of 309 h is obtained for f‐ct8d at an initial brightness of 500 cd m‒2, affirming the improved efficiency and stability of the molecular designs.
Dynamic Disassembling Strategy of Luminescent Nanoclusters Assemblies for Integrating Multiple‐Node Information Encryption with Transient Imaging Feature
Authors: Zhang Xiwen , Lu Yuexiang , Qu Mengtong , Dou Huashuo , Shi Bojun , Liu Yueying
Published: November 2024

Avoiding the second leakage and boosting the complexity of confidential information have been two key directions in the development of the field of information security. However, it still remains formidable challenges to combine these two strategies in a single luminescent material. Here, it has integrated multiple‐node time‐gated information encryption and self‐erased decryption data with transient imaging feature for enormously enhancing the information security protection based on the dynamic assembling/disassembling process of luminescence copper nanoclusters (CuNCs). Multiple CuNCs‐based assemblies for the information encryption are controlled after introducing metal ions (Zn2+ and Al3+) and ammonia, which gives rise to the tremendously fluorescence improvement of CuNCs through aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect. These assemblies can be disassembled upon adding a chelator agent (EDTA) in concomitant with fluorescence vanishing behavior. Their decomposition rates heavily depend on the type of metal ions, ammonia concentration, and EDTA concentration. Based on the dynamic disassembling process, time‐dependent multi‐node information is encrypted. The real information can be read observed only once at the correct “time key” and then automatically self‐destructed within dozens of minutes. This study provides new insights into designing advanced information security protection against the risk of the second leakage and deciphering data of confidential information.