bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infection Severity of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Viscaceae) in Two Protected Areas in the Alborz Mountains, Iran: A Case Study
Authors: Kartoolinejad Davoud , Ravanbakhsh Hooman , Mathiasen Robert L. , Rezanezhad Alireza , Fadaii Zabihollah , Zolfaghari Ali Asghar , Moshki Alireza , Raeesi Maryam
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the severity of mistletoe infection on junipers and the relationship between tree characteristics, physiographic factors and mistletoe infection. The study was conducted in two protected areas: Parvar and Miankouh Tash in Semnan Province, Iran. A dwarf mistletoe‐infested area of 400 ha was sampled by placing a 250 × 250 m grid over a map of each study area. A 20 × 20 m (400 m2) plot was placed at the intersection of grid lines. This resulted in a total of 110 forested plots: 45 plots in Parvar and 65 plots in Miankouh Tash. In each plot, all live junipers were measured for total height, crown area, collar diameter and crown diameter. Mistletoe severity was estimated using the 6‐class dwarf mistletoe rating system (DMR). Dead trees were also recorded and examined for evidence of past mistletoe infection. The Boruta algorithm was used for feature selection, and the selected features were utilised for predicting DMR using a random forest (RF) model. Over 40% of junipers in the sample plots were infected and 7.5% were dead. Mortality was greater in severely infested plots compared to uninfested and lightly infested plots. The results of univariate analysis demonstrated that the largest trees across plots were more severely infected. Infection severity was highest on steep terrains (slopes more than 60%) where the largest junipers were growing. Based on Boruta feature selection algorithm, collar diameter, tree height and crown area of junipers have been detected as the most important variables for the explanation of infection severity. Crown diameter, geographical aspect, density of juniper trees, altitude and juniper canopy cover were classified as tentative variables in this model. Slope percentage beside two variables related to stand characteristics including all woody species (basal area and tree density) were the rejected variables. The correlation coefficient (r) and root mean square error (RMSE) between the predictions by RF and the measured DMR were 0.83 and 0.53 respectively. These results indicate that the selected environmental variables can be used for spatial prediction of DMR in both study areas. Because increased mortality was observed for severely infected areas, more efficient management methods are needed to control the dwarf mistletoe populations in the Alborz Mountains.
Theoretical and Clinical Learning Experiences and Expectations of Midwifery Students Using the Artificial Intelligence Tool ChatGPT: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Unlu Bidik Nazli
Published: November 2024

ChatGPT is one of the most popular artificial intelligence tools today. The number of users is increasing rapidly every day. ChatGPT, which is used in many fields for different purposes, has the potential to revolutionise the field of education and health. The study aims of the study is to investigate the learning experiences and expectations of midwifery students who use ChatGPT in their theoretical and clinical education. This study was conducted through an interpretive paradigm based on Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology, a qualitative research method. In the study, the maximum diversity sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used. One‐to‐one in‐depth interviews were conducted with a total of 17 midwifery students. The study data were collected through a three‐part interview form. The data obtained were analysed with the MAXQDA program. As a result of the data analysis, three main themes and seven sub‐themes were identified. The main themes are The Role of ChatGPT in Midwifery Education, The Effect of ChatGPT on Student Development and Concerns about the Use of ChatGPT. Midwifery students use ChatGPT for various purposes in theoretical and clinical courses. Although students are satisfied that artificial intelligence tools save time and make learning practical, students have some concerns about ChatGPT.
Influencing Factors on Scholars' Perceptions of Organisational Support in Chinese Higher Education: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Wang Taoli , Wang Wenjing , Dai Kun
Published: November 2024

Supporting scholars is crucial for promoting academic development in higher education institutions (HEIs). While organisational support for academic careers has been widely researched in various contexts, little attention has been paid to factors influencing Chinese scholars' perspectives on such support, which could significantly impact their professional attitudes and performance. This qualitative study explores factors influencing scholars' perception of organisational support and the micro‐processes by which these factors operate in Chinese higher education. Informed by organisational support theory, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 30 tenure‐track scholars from two Chinese research universities. Findings reveal diverse opinions among Chinese scholars regarding organisational support. Several influencing factors were identified: organisational justice, leadership and colleague support, organizational rewards and working conditions and organisational culture. These factors closely relate to scholars' work environment, career advancement and talent development, ultimately affecting their perception of whether their organisations care about their growth. This study emphasises the importance of considering scholars' perceptions to enhance the effectiveness of organisational support and contributes to building harmonious relationships between scholars and HEIs beyond mere evaluation mechanisms.
Safety, Belonging and Success in Education for Refugees in Europe: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aleghfeli Yousef Khalifa , McIntyre Joanna , Hunt Lucy , Stone Chris
Published: November 2024

This systematic review aims to explore refugees' educational access, experiences and outcomes in Europe since 2015. The review follows a systematic process of reviewing and synthesising texts compiled in the Hub for Education for Refugees in Europe (HERE) Knowledge Base to fill gaps in knowledge about the educational trajectories of learners of refugee and forced migrant backgrounds who have arrived in Europe. The review includes studies that focus on all forms of educational provision and services for refugees and forced migrants in Europe: formal, non‐formal and informal. The review also takes a meta‐ethnographic approach to data analysis and synthesis. Key findings highlight the interconnectedness of safety, belonging and success in education for learners with refugee and forced migrant backgrounds and the necessity of economic redistribution, cultural recognition and political participation for achieving these goals.
Research on Hybrid Integration and Local Policies in the Education System
Authors: Baraldi Claudio
Published: November 2024

This article presents a European research project addressing migrant children's participation in the education system in seven countries. The article primarily concerns a part of the research project, based on transcribed recordings of facilitated classroom activities in primary and secondary schools, prefaced by a summary of the research findings that provides a background. The analysed facilitated classroom interactions show forms of hybrid integration based on the ways in which migrant and nonmigrant children exercise agency, sharing their personal cultural trajectories. The paper shows the importance of using research on classroom activities for the support of educational policies at local, national and European level. The analysis also suggests the ways in which these policies can be supported by the use of resources based on field research. Finally, the paper briefly focuses on the support of classroom activities in exceptionally unpredictable conditions, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Sex‐dimorphic glucose transporter‐2 regulation of cAMP‐protein kinase A (PKA) C‐alpha pathway activity and phosphorylation in rat hypothalamic primary astrocyte cultures
Authors: Pasula Madhu Babu , Sylvester Paul W. , Briski Karen P.
Published: November 2024

Brain astrocyte glycogenolysis is regulated in part by the second messenger adenosine 3′5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). Hypothalamic astrocyte glycogen metabolism shapes glucose counterregulation, under the control of glucose transporter‐2 (GLUT2), a plasma membrane glucose carrier and sensor. Hypothalamic astrocyte cAMP is subject to neurotransmitter control, but effects of nutrient cues on this messenger are unclear. Here, an established hypothalamic primary astrocyte culture model and gene knockdown tools were used to investigate the premise that GLUT2 exerts sex‐dimorphic regulation of cAMP‐protein kinase A (PKA) signalling in these glia. Data show that basal cAMP was elevated in female versus male; GLUT2 gene silencing up‐regulated or down‐regulated this profile in male versus female. Glucoprivation increased cAMP content in astrocytes of each sex, yet GLUT2 siRNA pretreatment exacerbated (male) or blunted (female) this stimulatory effect. PKA and phosphoPKA levels in glucose‐supplied astrocytes were increased (male) or decreased (female) by GLUT2 knockdown. PKA protein was amplified, yet phosphoPKA was refractory to glucose withdrawal in male, while females showed sustained PKA expression alongside diminished phosphoPKA. GLUT2 siRNA pretreatment exacerbated glucoprivic augmentation of PKA content in male but down‐regulated both PKA and phosphoPKA proteins in female. Evidence for parallel GLUT2 siRNA‐associated changes in cAMP and PKA, albeit in opposing directions in the two sexes, infers that GLUT2 control of hypothalamic astrocyte cAMP‐dependent PKA signalling is sex‐specific. Data also disclose that in the female, GLUT2 curbs the baseline phosphoPKA/PKA expression ratio but is not involved in glucoprivic suppression of this ratio.
Exploring neurofeedback as a therapeutic intervention for subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Paban Véronique , Feraud Lewis , Weills Arnaud , Duplan Fabien
Published: November 2024

Impact statement

This study addresses the pressing issue of subjective cognitive decline in aging populations by investigating neurofeedback (NFB) as a potential early therapeutic intervention. By evaluating the efficacy of individualised NFB training compared to standard protocols, tailored to each participant's EEG profile, it provides novel insights into personalised treatment approaches. The incorporation of innovative elements and rigorous analytical techniques contributes to advancing our understanding of NFB's modulatory effects on EEG frequencies and cognitive function in aging individuals.

In the context of an aging population, concerns surrounding memory function become increasingly prevalent, particularly as individuals transition into middle age and beyond. This study investigated neurofeedback (NFB) as a potential early therapeutic intervention to address subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in aging populations. NFB, a biofeedback technique utilising a brain‐computer interface, has demonstrated promise in the treatment of various neurological and psychological conditions. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of individualised NFB training, tailored to each participant's EEG profile, compared to a standard NFB training protocol aimed at increasing peak alpha frequency power, in enhancing cognitive function among individuals experiencing SCD. Our NFB protocol incorporated innovative elements, including the implementation of a criterion for learning success to ensure consistent achievement levels by the conclusion of the training sessions. Additionally, we introduced a non‐learner group to account for individuals who do not demonstrate the expected proficiency in NFB regulation. Analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals during NFB sessions, as well as before and after training, provides insights into the modulatory effects of NFB on EEG frequencies. Contrary to expectations, our rigorous analysis revealed that the ability of individuals with SCD to modulate EEG signal power and duration at specific frequencies was not exclusive to the intended frequency target. Furthermore, examination of EEG signals recorded using a high‐density EEG showed no discernible alteration in signal power between pre‐ and post‐NFB training sessions. Similarly, no significant effects were observed on questionnaire scores when comparing pre‐ and post‐NFB training assessments.
Multifunctional soil health assessment of long‐term manure application to ferric acrisol
Authors: Shi Yue , Luan Lu , Wang Xiaoyue , Zhu Guofan , Ye Yingcong , Fan Jianbo , Zhou Shungui , Jiang Yuji
Published: November 2024

Soil health refers to the capacity of soil to sustain ecosystem functions and provide a favourable environment for soil organisms and plants. However, it is challenging to quantitatively determine soil health by assessing its ecosystem functions. Here, we constructed a multifunctional soil health assessment method based on five soil functions including plant productivity (PP), water regulation (WR), nutrient cycling (NC), carbon storage (CS), and biodiversity preservation (BP), with soil acidification rate and soil erodibility factor as restrictive indicators. The entropy weight coefficient method was used to calculate the indicator weights, and the minimum data set (MDS) was established using random forest modelling. The impact of organic manure treatments on the five soil functions and the soil health index (SHI) was calculated using a long‐term fertilization experiment. Our results showed that manure application significantly promoted the five soil functions and SHI, and the SHI was significantly positively correlated with soil fertility index (SFI) and soil quality index (SQI). Random forest modelling showed that the five soil functions contributed similar proportions to the variation in SHI. SHI based on the total data set and minimum data set was positively associated with maize characteristics, including root weight, shoot weight, and grain yield. In conclusion, the multifunctional soil health assessment method is crucial for elucidating the relationships of management practices with soil health and crop yield, enabling the achievement of healthy management and sustainable development for ferric acrisol farmland.
The influence of menopause on multiple sclerosis
Authors: Simonsen Cecilia Smith , Flemmen Heidi Øyen , Broch Line , Myklebust Harald , Berg‐Hansen Pål , Brunborg Cathrine , Celius Elisabeth Gulowsen
Published: November 2024

Introduction

One third of the multiple sclerosis (MS) population consists of peri‐ or postmenopausal women. Many symptoms of menopause overlap those of MS. Some studies show increased speed of disability progression after menopause, while others indicate an unaltered trajectory.

Objective

Determine the association between menopause and MS disease course.

Methods

Cohort study with clinical data collected prospectively. Self‐reported age of menopause, smoking and parity collected retrospectively.

Results

We included 559 peri−/postmenopausal women and 386 similarly aged men. There was no significant difference in EDSS progression (slope coef 0.03, 0.02–0.08, p = 0.208) or annual relapse rate (ARR) (0.10, 0.29–0.10, p = 0.324) in the 5 years before and after menopause. Women's EDSS progressed slower than men's after menopause (coef −0.02, 95% CI −0.04 to −0.002, p = 0.032), but there was no difference in ARR [coef. −0.01, 95% CI −0.04 to −0.01, p = 0.262]. Women who reached menopause before MS onset had shorter time to diagnosis than women who reached menopause after onset (3.1 years (3.1) vs. 7.4 years (8.1), p < 0.001). Women who reached menopause before diagnosis had an even longer time to diagnosis (8.8 (9.3) vs. 5.5 (6.3), p < 0.001).

Conclusions

There were no significant differences in EDSS progression or ARR before and after menopause. In fact, men progressed faster than women, suggesting there is no negative impact of menopause on disease progression, as measured by EDSS and relapses.
The Application of Artificial Intelligence Planning and Scheduling in Photovoltaic Plant Construction Projects
Authors: Ruiz Jesús Gil , Díaz Hernán , Crespo Rubén González
Published: November 2024

Planning is one of the most critical areas within Project Management, with adequate task scheduling and resource management being of vital importance, especially at the project's outset. This paper introduces an Artificial Intelligence designed for the automatic planning of photovoltaic plant (PV) construction projects, encompassing various tasks such as engineering, procurement, logistics, construction and commissioning, and including the substation and transmission line, scheduling a total of 100 tasks, which constitute a basic Engineering, Procurement and Construction project planning. The model is trained using a total of 50 real‐case project plans for PVs. The results demonstrate that the model successfully and effectively carries out photovoltaic project planning, marking a significant step towards digital transformation.
Multi‐Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition With Orthogonal Experimental Design
Authors: He Maowei , Wang Zhixue , Chen Hanning , Cao Yang , Ma Lianbo
Published: November 2024

Multi‐objective evolutionary optimisation algorithms (MOEAs) have become a widely adopted way of solving the multi‐objective optimisation problems (MOPs). The decomposition‐based MOEAs demonstrate a promising performance for solving regular MOPs. However, when handling the irregular MOPs, the decomposition‐based MOEAs cannot offer a convincing performance because no intersection between weight vector and the Pareto Front (PF) may lead to the same optimal solution assigned to the different weight vectors. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an MOEA based on decomposition with the orthogonal experimental design (MOEA/D‐OED) that involves the selection operation, Orthogonal Experimental Design (OED) operation, and adjustment operation. The selection operation is to judge the unpromising weight vectors based on the history data of relative reduction values and convergence degree. The OED method based on the relative reduction function could make an explicit guidance for removing the worthless weight vectors. The adjustment operation brings in an estimation indicator of both diversity and convergence for adding new weight vectors into the interesting regions. To verify the versatility of the proposed MOEA/D‐OED, 26 test problems with various PFs are evaluated in this paper. Empirical results have demonstrated that the proposed MOEA/D‐OED outperforms eight representative MOEAs on MOPs with various types of PFs, showing promising versatility. The proposed algorithm shows highly competitive performance on all the various MOPs.
Holobiont Traits Shape Climate Change Responses in Cryptic Coral Lineages
Authors: Grupstra Carsten G. B. , Meyer‐Kaiser Kirstin S. , Bennett Matthew‐James , Andres Maikani O. , Juszkiewicz David J. , Fifer James E. , Da‐Anoy Jeric P. , Gomez‐Campo Kelly , Martinez‐Rugerio Isabel , Aichelman Hannah E. , Huzar Alexa K. , Hughes Annabel M. , Rivera Hanny E. , Davies Sarah W.
Published: November 2024

As ocean warming threatens reefs worldwide, identifying corals with adaptations to higher temperatures is critical for conservation. Genetically distinct but morphologically similar (i.e. cryptic) coral populations can be specialized to extreme habitats and thrive under stressful conditions. These corals often associate with locally beneficial microbiota (Symbiodiniaceae photobionts and bacteria), obscuring the main drivers of thermal tolerance. Here, we leverage a holobiont (massive Porites) with high fidelity for C15 photobionts to investigate adaptive variation across classic (“typical” conditions) and extreme reefs characterized by higher temperatures and light attenuation. We uncovered three cryptic lineages that exhibit limited micro‐morphological variation; one lineage dominated classic reefs (L1), one had more even distributions (L2), and a third was restricted to extreme reefs (L3). L1 and L2 were more closely related to populations ~4300 km away, suggesting that some lineages are widespread. All corals harbored Cladocopium C15 photobionts; L1 and L2 shared a photobiont pool that differed in composition between reef types, yet L3 mostly harbored unique photobiont strains not found in the other lineages. Assemblages of bacterial partners differed among reef types in lineage‐specific ways, suggesting that lineages employ distinct microbiome regulation strategies. Analysis of light‐harvesting capacity and thermal tolerance revealed adaptive variation underpinning survival in distinct habitats: L1 had the highest light absorption efficiency and lowest thermal tolerance, suggesting that it is a classic reef specialist. L3 had the lowest light absorption efficiency and the highest thermal tolerance, showing that it is an extreme reef specialist. L2 had intermediate light absorption efficiency and thermal tolerance, suggesting that is a generalist lineage. These findings reveal diverging holobiont strategies to cope with extreme conditions. Resolving coral lineages is key to understanding variation in thermal tolerance among coral populations, can strengthen our understanding of coral evolution and symbiosis, and support global conservation and restoration efforts.
Socio‐Economic Development Performance and Convergence Among Metropolitan Municipal and District Assemblies in Ghana
Authors: Iddrisu Zurikanen , Thill Jean‐Claude
Published: November 2024

Equitable development is one of the conditions for achieving a stable and just society. This assertion is corroborated by the numerous global and regional efforts to minimize inequality and ensure balanced development. By this recognition, decentralization, a system of governance where power cascades from centralized, remote structures to accessible local bodies, has long been floated as a tool for achieving development equity. In Ghana, decentralized units are unequally endowed, resulting in differing capacities for resource mobilization and service delivery. This study sought to accomplish two fundamental objectives, first to understand the nature of socioeconomic development performance dynamics among Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) and whether spatial spillovers exist and mediate these dynamics. Second was to investigate whether socioeconomic development performance is converging over time. Using performance on the District League Table (DLT) as a proxy for socioeconomic development, global and local Moran's I analysis revealed statistically significant clustering of development performance, hinting at the presence of spatial spillovers. Leveraging spatially explicit Markov chains, findings indicated that most MMDAs were more likely to stay in their performance classes than transition to a different cohort, with this probability being the highest in the upper and lower classes. Nonetheless, MMDAs located within high performing neighborhoods were more likely to improve in their performance than their counterparts located in low performing neighborhoods. Further analysis also revealed a high degree of cohesion, where MMDAs' development performance tend to assume the direction of their neighborhoods. In the second objective, decomposed Theil index analysis revealed processes of convergence overall and within decomposed groups while between groups convergence appeared to have saturated. The study advocates for collective as opposed to piecemeal strategies for achieving equitable development.
Geological and Geomorphological Causes of Two Historical Deep‐Seated Catastrophic Landslides Induced by the 1892 Heavy Rainfall Event in the Shimanto Accretionary Complex, Tokushima, Japan
Authors: Arai Noriyuki
Published: November 2024

The catastrophic Hose and Ogawatuetui landslides occurred coincidentally in 1892 following heavy rainfall in the upper reaches of the Kaifu River, Tokushima, Japan. The area is underlain by a steeply dipping coherent formation with many faults, and lies in the Shimanto Belt where deep‐seated catastrophic landslides are known to occur following heavy rainfall and large subduction zone earthquakes. The main geological and geomorphological causes of the landslides were found to include local relief ≥ 350 m (1200‐m‐diameter analysis windows); knickpoints and slope breaks at 90–150 m above sea level, competent massive and thick‐bedded sandstone with open fractures on the upper slope, and alternating thin beds of incompetent fine sandstone and shale beds of high deformability and low permeability on the lower slope.
Regulatory issues related to the use of sodium hypochlorite solutions in endodontics
Authors: Peters Ove A. , Ballal Nidambur V. , Abe Shu , De‐Deus Gustavo , Gündogar Mustafa , Camilleri Josette , Chen Zhi , Zehnder Matthias
Published: November 2024

Aim

To assess the regulation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions for endodontic usage in some of the world's main dental markets, in view of the European Union's recent move to classify antimicrobial root canal irrigants as high‐risk devices under their Medical Device Regulation (MDR).

Methodology

The authors consulted legal texts available online and communicated with local health authorities wherever necessary to assess into which medical device category NaOCl solutions intended for endodontic application were subsumed. Furthermore, it was investigated whether there were sources outside the dental market to obtain NaOCl solutions for root canal treatments.

Results

Upon completion of this text (mid 2024), NaOCl solutions for root canal irrigation had not been classified in the US and Canada, whilst in the European Union, they had just been upgraded to high‐risk medical devices, with all the consequences for the dental supply market. This MDR rule was adopted by the EU's close trading partners, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and Turkey. In Japan, the legal hurdles were already high for manufacturers and importers of endodontic NaOCl solutions. Conversely, in China, these solutions were down‐graded from a high‐risk to a medium‐risk status in 2017. A low‐medium risk category was applied in the other countries under investigation, that is, Australia, India and Brazil. In some countries there was a possibility for dentists to procure plain NaOCl solutions from pharmacies. An alternative route to avoid buying NaOCl from dental suppliers was to use (household) bleach solutions for root canal irrigation wherever this practice was not prohibited explicitly.

Conclusions

The legal situation to produce, import and use NaOCl solutions for root canal irrigation differs vastly around the globe. A sensible approach to regulate (yet not over‐regulate) endodontic NaOCl solutions appears to be timely and necessary.
Micro‐CT evaluation of a nanodiamond irrigant for hard‐tissue debris removal during sonic agitation
Authors: Wang Ning , Lin Po‐Yen , Yang Jen‐Chang , Gutmann James L. , Chang Huan‐Cheng , Huang Haw‐Ming , Hsieh Sung‐Chih
Published: November 2024

Aim

To investigate the efficacy of nanodiamond irrigation solution with sonic agitation for removing of hard‐tissue debris (HTD) within the isthmus‐containing mesial roots of human mandibular molars using micro‐CT analysis.

Methodology

Forty mesial roots of extracted human mandibular molars were selected based on micro‐computed tomography scans (9‐μm resolution). The mesial canals were mechanically prepared using ProTaper® Gold nickel–titanium rotary instruments and divided into four groups (n = 10 each) according to the final irrigation protocol: sonic agitation with nanodiamond irrigation solution for three 20‐s cycles, sonic agitation with 17% EDTA for three 20‐s cycles, sonic agitation with 3% NaOCl for three 20‐s cycles and manual syringe irrigation with NaOCl using a 30‐G needle syringe for 60 s. The samples were scanned again after canal preparation and the use of the final irrigation protocols. Data were collected to evaluate the percentage of HTD removed. Statistical comparisons were made using the anova post hoc Tukey test (p < .05).

Results

None of the irrigation protocols was able to completely eliminate HTD from the isthmus‐containing mesial canals of mandibular molars. However, sonic agitation with the nanodiamond irrigant and sonic agitation with 17% EDTA irrigation solutions showed higher mean reductions of HTD (68.0% and 68.9%, respectively) compared to sonic agitation with 3% NaOCl and manual syringe irrigation with 3% NaOCl (43.4% and 13.7%, respectively) (p < .05).

Conclusions

The effectiveness of sonic agitation in removing HTD from the entire root canal was superior to that of manual syringe irrigation. When employing sonic agitation, the addition of nanodiamonds to NaOCl demonstrated enhanced HTD removal capabilities compared to using NaOCl alone and was comparable to that of EDTA. These results suggest that sonic agitation with a nanodiamond irrigation solution may serve as an effective alternative approach for HTD removal in root canal treatment.
Is It Benefiting Me or the Environment? How Context Nudges Green Product Choices
Authors: Bharti Megha , Suneja Vivek
Published: November 2024

Green attribute trade‐offs have been identified as one of the significant antecedents of the green gap phenomenon (i.e., the discrepancy between pro‐green attitudes and purchase behavior of green products) in literature. This paper focuses on the strategic role of trade‐off‐related context effects (i.e., compromise effect and asymmetric dominance effect) as behavioral nudges in green marketing. We suggest that the benefit association of green attributes can influence the scope of these two context effects. We use three studies with experimental design to illustrate the said effect across three trade‐off scenarios, a range of product categories, and a diverse set of samples. Study 1 (307 participants), Study 2 (312 participants), and Study 3 (259 participants) investigated the hypotheses for trade‐offs between green attributes and other conventional product attributes, particularly price, functional performance, and usage/procurement convenience, respectively. The results reveal that when green attributes are associated with user‐benefit, the target green option performs better as a compromise option than as an asymmetrically dominant option, whereas when the green attributes are associated with environmental‐benefit, the target green option performs better as an asymmetrically dominant option than as a compromise option. Further, this difference in efficacy under environmental‐benefit association is less pronounced for individuals high on interdependent self‐construal. Additionally, we find that under the environmental‐benefit association, an independent self‐construal attenuates the efficacy of the compromise effect.
Orchid Mycorrhizal Communities Associated With Orchis italica Are Shaped by Ecological Factors and Geographical Gradients
Authors: Balducci Marco G. , Calevo Jacopo , Duffy Karl J.
Published: November 2024

Aim

The influence of mutualists on plant distributions is only beginning to be understood. Orchids depend on orchid mycorrhizal (OrM) fungi to germinate, yet the distribution of OrM fungi and how they vary according to both abiotic and biotic factors is unclear. We investigated the abundance and diversity of OrM fungal communities associated with the Mediterranean orchid Orchis italica and quantified how they vary according to both geographical and ecological factors.

Location

Mediterranean basin.

Taxon

Orchis italica Poir. (Orchidaceae).

Methods

We used metabarcoding of the ITS2 region to identify OrM fungi associated with adult individuals in 23 populations of O. italica across latitudinal and longitudinal gradients in the Mediterranean region. We used both multivariate analyses and Joint Species Distribution Models (JSDMs) based on geographical, climate, and soil variables to test how both common OrM fungi and their communities vary according to geographical and ecological factors.

Results

Eighty OrM fungal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were found associating with O. italica. However, five Tulasnellaceae OTUs and one Ceratobasidiaceae OTU were found in every population. Abundance of these taxa, as measured by number of reads, increased from west to east and decreased from South to North, indicating OrM fungal abundance may be determined by geographical gradients. OrM fungal community composition varied according to precipitation, annual mean temperature, and soil phosphorous content. JSDMs revealed there were both positive and negative co‐occurrences among these ubiquitous OrM fungal OTUs.

Main Conclusions

Despite associating with many OrM fungi across its range, only six OTUs were widespread, indicating that O. italica may be an apparent generalist in its association with OrM fungi. Abundance of OrM fungi is determined by geographical gradients and their community composition determined by ecological factors. This highlights the importance of quantifying the distribution of belowground mutualists in understanding the limits to plant distributions.
The interplay of EBV virus and cell metabolism in lung cancer
Authors: Wang Hongwei
Published: November 2024

Epstein–Barr virus infection has been implicated in various cancers, including lung cancer, where it influences cellular metabolism to promote tumorigenesis. This review examines the complex interplay between Epstein–Barr virus and cell metabolism in lung cancer, highlighting viral mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming and their implications for therapeutic strategies. Key viral proteins such as LMP1 and LMP2A manipulate glycolysis, glutaminolysis and lipid metabolism to support viral replication and immune evasion within the tumour microenvironment. Understanding these interactions provides insights into novel therapeutic approaches targeting viral‐induced metabolic vulnerabilities in Epstein–Barr virus‐associated lung cancer.
Interleukin 15: A new intermediary in the effects of exercise and training on skeletal muscle and bone function
Authors: Duan Ziqiang , Yang Yang , Qin Mianhong , Yi Xuejie
Published: November 2024

Interleukin‐15 (IL‐15), a pro‐inflammatory cytokine, is produced mainly by skeletal muscle cells, macrophages and epithelial cells. Recent research has demonstrated that IL‐15 is closely related to the functions of bone and skeletal muscle in the locomotor system. There is growing evidence that exercise, an important means to regulate the immune and locomotor systems, influences IL‐15 content in various tissues, thereby indirectly affecting the function of bones and muscles. Furthermore, the form, intensity, and duration of exercise determine the degree of change in IL‐15 and downstream effects. This paper reviews the structure, synthesis and secretion of IL‐15, the role of IL‐15 in regulating the metabolism of bone tissue cells and myofibers through binding to the IL‐15 receptor‐α (IL‐15Rα), and the response of IL‐15 to different types of exercise. This review provides a reference for further analyses of the role and mechanism of action of IL‐15 in the regulation of metabolism during exercise.
EDNRA regulates the tumour immune environment and predicts the efficacy and prognosis of cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Mengxue , Wang Long , Li Xunjia , Dai Meng , Sheng Bo
Published: November 2024

The potential role of endothelin receptor A (EDNRA) in cancer immunotherapy has been demonstrated; however, the mechanism of its therapeutic value remains to be investigated. This study aimed to reveal the potential link between cancer immunotherapy and EDNRA in human tumours. Clinical characteristics and gene expression information were acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The correlation between EDNRA expression and immune infiltration was analysed by tumour immune estimation resource (TIMER) and tumour‐immune system interaction database (TISIDB). EDNRA expression in different cancer types were performed via qPCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the relationships between EDNRA protein and immune checkpoints. The results have founded that EDNRA was differentially expressed in various tumours, and highly associated with patient's age and tumour stage. It is also of high potential prognostic value in predicting patient survival. It has been verified that the EDNRA, JAK–STAT, and TGF‐β signalling pathways are involved in cancers. In general, EDNRA positively correlated with immunomodulatory agents, immune cell infiltration, and immunotherapy markers. Immunohistochemical analysis of breast cancer tissues showed that EDNRA was positively correlated with NRP1 expression. Furthermore, patients with low EDNRA levels showed a superior response to immunotherapy. The functional study found that EDNRA expression is upregulated in MDA‐MB‐231 and HepG2 cells, and knockdown of EDNRA inhibits proliferation and migration of cells. In conclusion, the immunotherapeutic function of EDNRA was elucidated in this study. EDNRA may be an important target in tumour immunotherapy and provide new insights for tumour immunotherapy.
Hydrogen Protects Mitochondrial Function by Increasing the Expression of PGC‐1α and Ameliorating Myocardial Ischaemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Zuo Yue , Wang Jiawei , Gong Zhexuan , Wang Yulong , Wang Qiang , Yang Xueyang , Liu Fulin , Liu Tongtong
Published: November 2024

To investigate the application of H2 to alleviate cardiac ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in a PGC‐1α‐dependent manner. A rat in vitro myocardial I/R injury model was used, Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis markers (Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, Bcl2), inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, TNF‐α), mitochondrial fission (DRP1, MFF) and mitochondrial fusion (MFN1, MFN2, OPA1). HE staining was used to observe the effect of H2 on the myocardial tissue structure injured by I/R. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the changes in the mitochondrial structure of myocardial tissue after I/R injury. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of PGC‐1α in the myocardial tissue of rats after I/R injury and H2 treatment. H2 increases the expression level of PGC‐1α, while the deletion of PGC‐1α inhibited the therapeutic effect of H2. H2 can improve the changes of the myocardial tissue and mitochondrial structure caused by I/R injury. H2 treatment effectively inhibited the inflammatory response, and the loss of PGC‐1α could inhibit the therapeutic effect of H2. The application of H2 can alleviate myocardial I/R injury, and the loss of PGC‐1α weakens the protective effect of H2 on the I/R heart.
TaGPAT6 enhances salt tolerance in wheat by synthesizing cutin and suberin monomers to form a diffusion barrier
Authors: Wang Wenlong , Chi Menghan , Liu Shupeng , Zhang Ying , Song Jiawang , Xia Guangmin , Liu Shuwei
Published: November 2024

One mechanism plants use to tolerate high salinity is the deposition of cutin and suberin to form apoplastic barriers that limit the influx of ions. However, the mechanism underlying barrier formation under salt stress is unclear. Here, we characterized the glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) family gene TaGPAT6, encoding a protein involved in cutin and suberin biosynthesis for apoplastic barrier formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum). TaGPAT6 has both acyltransferase and phosphatase activities, which are responsible for the synthesis of sn‐2‐monoacylglycerol (sn‐2 MAG), the precursor of cutin and suberin. Overexpressing TaGPAT6 promoted the deposition of cutin and suberin in the seed coat and the outside layers of root tip cells and enhanced salt tolerance by reducing sodium ion accumulation within cells. By contrast, TaGPAT6 knockout mutants showed increased sensitivity to salt stress due to reduced cutin and suberin deposition and enhanced sodium ion accumulation. Yeast‐one‐hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays identified TaABI5 as the upstream regulator of TaGPAT6. TaABI5 knockout mutants showed suppressed expression of TaGPAT6 and decreased barrier formation in the seed coat. These results indicate that TaGPAT6 is involved in cutin and suberin biosynthesis and the resulting formation of an apoplastic barrier that enhances salt tolerance in wheat.
Association Between Intellectual Disability and Hair Cortisol Concentration in Adolescents in a Brazilian Population‐Based Birth Cohort
Authors: Sánchez‐Luquez Karen Y. , de Menezes Karam Simone , Barros Aluisio J. D. , Gonzalez Andrea , Murray Joseph , de Oliveira Isabel O. , Matijasevich Alicia , Santos Iná S. , Tovo‐Rodrigues Luciana
Published: November 2024

Objective

Children with intellectual disability (ID) usually exhibit neuroendocrine functioning impairment, such as alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) neuroendocrine axis, which can result in glucocorticoid cortisol release alterations. Indeed, many studies showed a positive association between ID and cortisol concentration. However, evidence is lacking on the relationship between child neurodevelopment and cortisol levels during adolescence in population‐based studies. We aimed to test the association between ID and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) during adolescence in a prospective population‐based cohort.

Methods

Data from 1770 individuals in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort were used. ID was diagnosed at age 6 through clinical examination. Hair cortisol was measured at age 15. Association was assessed using linear regression models adjusted for sex, socio‐economic factors, hair‐related variables and corticosteroid use.

Results

Higher HCC were observed in individuals with ID (β: 1.120; 95% CI: 1.012, 1.241) in the analysis adjusted for sex, hair‐related variables and corticosteroid use. Compared to the other aetiological groups, this was more evident in idiopathic ID. But this did not remain significant when demographics/socio‐economic variables were controlled for.

Conclusion

Children with ID, particularly those with idiopathic ID, might exhibit dysfunction in the HPA axis or experience heightened stress levels during adolescence.
Center M Pilot Trial: Integrating Preventive Mental Health Care in Routine Prenatal Care
Authors: Tilden Ellen L. , Shank Taylor , Polan Orzech Catherine , Holmes Leah R. , Granados Ravyn , Moosavisahebozamani Sayehsadat , Starr David , Caughey Aaron B. , Graham Alice M. , Mackiewicz Seghete Kristen L.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Perinatal depression is a leading cause of preventable US maternal morbidity and mortality. Although Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Depression (MBCT‐PD) is highly effective, it faces significant scalability challenges. Center M, a brief, group‐based, mindfulness‐based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention, is an adaptation of MBCT‐PD designed to overcome these challenges. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate Center M's preliminary acceptability, feasibility, mechanisms of action, and efficacy.

Methods

In this mixed‐methods pilot study, data were collected from 99 pregnant people at 3 time points: preintervention, postintervention, and 6‐weeks postpartum (Clinical Trials no. NCT06525922). Participants engaged in 4 one‐hour, weekly group telehealth Center M sessions facilitated by social workers. Participants strengthened mindfulness CBT skills using home practice materials between group sessions. Data included self‐report measures evaluating depressive symptoms, mindfulness skills, and emotion regulation. Satisfaction was assessed via focus groups or surveys.

Results

Depressive symptoms significantly decreased preintervention to postintervention (Patient Health Questionnaire‐8 score: preintervention mean [SD] 5.02 [3.52], postintervention mean [SD] 4.23 [2.84]; P = .03), and mindfulness capacity significantly increased preintervention to 6 weeks postpartum (Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire score: preintervention mean [SD] 125.56 [18.68], 6 weeks postpartum mean [SD] 130.10 [17.15]; P = .004). Linear regression analyses indicate that higher mindfulness at 6 weeks postpartum significantly predicted fewer depression symptoms at 6 weeks postpartum (β, −0.07; 95% CI, −0.123 to −0.021, R2 = 0.22; P = .006). Reduction in the use of maladaptive emotion regulation was significantly associated with decreased depressive symptoms at 6 weeks postpartum (β, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.048 to 0.376, R2 = .21; P = .012). Qualitative themes indicated high Center M acceptability and appeal.

Discussion

Our findings support the feasibility, acceptability, and appeal of Center M. Results suggest Center M may be effective in reducing depression and enhancing mindfulness skills. Future research must confirm these initial findings to more widely address Center M implementation capacity and sustainability.
Digital nerve reconstruction with a new composite silk fibroin nerve conduit
Authors: Politikou Olga , Frueh Florian S. , Greminger Martina , Besmens Inga S. , Freddi Giuliano , Alessandrino Antonio , Calcagni Maurizio
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Peripheral nerve injuries often require bridging when direct repair is not feasible. Nerve autografts are the gold standard, but they can lead to donor site morbidity. Silk fibroin‐based nerve conduits, like the novel SILKBridge, offer a promising alternative. This pilot study evaluates the mid‐term outcomes of the first in‐human digital nerve reconstruction using the SILKBridge, focusing on sensory recovery, complication rates, patient‐reported outcomes, and biological integration.

Methods

This study included four patients with digital nerve defects reconstructed using the SILKBridge. Clinical assessments included two‐point discrimination, Semmes–Weinstein monofilament testing, and pain evaluation using the Numeric Rating Scale. Sonographic assessments were also performed to evaluate the conduit's biointegration and potential complications.

Results

At a mean follow‐up of 32 months, all patients demonstrated satisfactory sensory recovery and reported minimal to no pain. Sonographic assessments confirmed effective biointegration with no signs of inflammation or scarring.

Interpretation

The mid‐term evaluation of the first in‐human digital nerve reconstruction with the SILKBridge revealed safety, efficiency, and favorable biocompatibility properties. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate these findings and compare them with other nerve repair methods.
Therapeutic Effectiveness of Microneedling Radio Frequency in Different Areas of Periorbital Static Wrinkles: A Self‐Controlled Study
Authors: Lin Feiyan , Song Jinru , Hua Ying , Pan Liangli , Guo Yao , Hu Gang , Yang Bin
Published: November 2024

Background

Periocular static wrinkles, which are common cosmetic concerns, lack an established effective treatment. Microneedling radio frequency (MNRF) has shown promise in skin rejuvenation; however, there is limited objective information on its long‐term effectiveness with regard to periocular static wrinkles.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of MNRF treatment for periocular static wrinkles.

Method

Eighteen participants with moderate to severe wrinkles were enrolled in this study. MNRF treatment was applied to the periocular skin using MicroRF9 microneedles, which have a depth of 0.5–1.5 mm and a pulse width of 200–300 ms. MNRF treatment was administered twice with a 1‐month interval, and the participants were followed up for 6 months. The evaluation included four areas, namely the outer canthi, lower eyelid, inner canthi, and upper eyelid, by using clinical assessments and Antera 3D measurements by digitalized images and grading by clinicians.

Results

The results showed significant improvement in all four areas assessed. Participants expressed high satisfaction with the treatment, and any adverse events, such as mild pain and redness, were temporary and resolved within a week.

Conclusion

These findings confirm that MNRF is a safe and effective method for reducing periocular static wrinkles.