bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of stock exchange turnover on GDP in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Malenković Nebojša
Published: November 2022

Stock exchange turnover growth increases the capital performance of a country. This paper examines the stock exchange turnover trends after the global financial crisis while considering the novel COVID-19 global crisis in the Republic of Serbia. Moreover, this paper estimates the correlation between the stock exchange turnover and GDP indicators. Since the COVID-19 crises is recent, the available official data for the last two years are not complete yet. Therefore, the aim of this research is to measure the impact of stock exchange turnover on economic growth in the Republic of Serbia for the period 2006-2020, with respective predictions. The methodological approach consists of the application of linear regression model, with previous statistical adequacy tests. The final results of this research indicate that the growth of stock exchange turnover has positive and statistically significant impact on GDP in this country. However, the prediction analysis indicates that the stock exchange turnover may have a negative impact on GDP in the next years, which is why there are several suggestions for decision makers and further research.
Integration of CSR and SDG in creating added value of the textile industry
Authors: Vićentijević Kosana , Rakić Snežana , Marković Vesna
Published: November 2022

Socially responsible business entities (CSR) have reoriented their CSR initiatives towards environmental and social management. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are newer strategic tools that focus on addressing sustainability issues arising from increased production, consumption and disposal. Sustainability will be the most important directive in the near future, therefore, this paper aims to examine the cohesiveness between current CSR initiatives in the fashion and textile sector and the prescribed SDGs. The paper further highlights a case study of good practice of a clothing factory in the Republic of Serbia, which incorporates CSR and SDG above the prescribed regulations. The conclusions in this paper suggest several future research directions.
Multiple, non-syndromic BCCs involving a hypopigmented patch
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Al Aboud Ahmad , Hakim Mohammad , Aljohani Fawaz , Alehibi Ibrahim , Alotaibi Homaid , Bindogji Yusra , Al Zaidi Rana , Alehibi Tahani , Almalki Asma
Published: November 2022

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignant neoplasm. It has a slowly progressive nature and a locally invasive behavior. Both genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental risks are involved in its pathogenesis. An ever-increasing annual incidence is observed. Multiple BCCs may be seen in some syndromes such as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), also known as Gorlin–Goltz syndrome. The occurrence of multiple, concurrent, non-syndromic BCCs is rare. Herein, we present a concise report of an observation of multiple, non-syndromic BCCs involving a hypopigmented patch on the forehead in an adult Afghani patient.
Scrotal Kaposi’s sarcoma in an immunocompetent patient: A case report and review of the literature
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, Al Aboud Daifullah ,   Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Published: November 2022

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a malignancy that generally affects the skin. It may be systemic with internal organ involvement, originating from the vascular endothelium. It is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness. Human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) infection is involved in its pathogenesis. KS lesions have a general distribution, often involving the skin of the feet and legs and, to a lesser extent, the hands, arms, and trunk. Isolated scrotal involvement in an immunocompetent patient is a highly rare presentation. Herein, we present an immunocompetent Saudi patient with scrotal KS. A review of the related literature is also presented.
Optimization and control of cold atom interference phase shift based on laser double-sideband suppression
Authors: Ye Liu-Xian , Xu Yun-Peng , Wang Qiao-Wei , Cheng Bing , Wu Bin , Wang He-Lin , Lin Qiang ,   Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Precision Measurement, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
Published: November 2022

Using the electro-optical modulation method to generate Raman beams for cold atom interference is one of the better methods for constructing a more compact and robust laser system. But this way will generate some residual sidebands resulting in the additional interference phase shift, which can affect the measurement accuracy of cold atom interferometer. In order to weaken the effect of laser modulation sidebands on the phase shift of cold atom interference, a double-sideband suppressed-carrier modulation laser system for cold atom interference is constructed. Based on the designed laser system, the principle of double-sideband generation and suppression is analyzed in detail, and some residual sidebands are adjusted and controlled. Moreover, some important optical parameters that affect the phase shift of cold atomic interference, such as the initial distance between the Raman retro-reflection mirror and the atomic cloud, the interrogation time between two adjacent Raman pulses, the laser modulation depth and the initial velocity of the atomic cloud, are discussed and optimized. By optimizing these relevant parameters, the influence of residual modulation sidebands on the phase shift of cold atomic interference is weakened drastically. The research results indicate, making use of the method of double-sideband suppression, the phase shift of cold atomic interference can be optimized to 0.7 mrad when the initial distance between the Raman retro-reflection mirror and the atomic cloud is 105 mm, and the interrogation time between two adjacent Raman pulses is 82 ms. More importantly, this work can provide a method for weakening the influence of Raman sideband effect on the phase shift of cold atom interferometer, and the corresponding laser system can be applied to other inertial sensors such as atomic gravimeter or atomic gravity gradiometer.
Effect of different sulfur pressure annealing on properties of sputtering-deposited ZnS thin films
Authors: Dang Xin-Zhi , Zhang Ren-Gang , Zhang Peng , Yu Run-Sheng , Kuang Peng , Cao Xing-Zhong , Wang Bao-Yi ,   College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China,   Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: November 2022

ZnS, a kind of wide-band gap semiconductor, has attracted extensive attention in recent years due to its excellent photoelectric performance, which has broad application prospects in solar cells, photocatalysts and sensors. In this work, ZnS thin films are first deposited by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering, and then annealed at 600 ℃ and different sulfur pressures. The crystal structure, surface morphology, grain size, composition, transmittance and defects of ZnS thin films are analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, UV-vis transmission spectra, and positron annihilation Doppler broadening spectroscopy. The results show that the crystallinities of ZnS films can be improved by being annealed in sulfur atmosphere, and the optical band gaps of ZnS films after being annealed are in a range of 3.43–3.58 eV. When the sulfur pressure is higher than 0.49 atm, the sulfur interstitial atoms in the ZnS and the elemental sulfur on the surface reduce the transmittance of the film in the visible region. The Doppler broadening spectroscopy results also show that the defect concentrations of ZnS films decrease gradually from their surface layers to the inner layers, and the defects of ZnS films decrease with the increase of sulfur pressure. Meanwhile, the 3γ annihilation also proves that the interior of the film is relatively dense, and the open porosity of the film will increase due to vulcanization. Adsorbed sulfur occupies the position of sulfur vacancy defect in the crystal through internal diffusion, which leads the defect concentration to decrease and the film quality to be improved.
Charge transmission of MoS2/MoTe2 vertical heterojunction and its modulation
Authors: Wen Heng-Di , Liu Yue , Zhen Liang , Li Yang , Xu Cheng-Yan ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China,   Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China,   MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
Published: November 2022

The heterojunction device based on two-dimensional materials possesses unique photoelectric properties due to its nanoscale thickness and van der Waals (vdWs) contact surface. In this paper, a gate-voltage-tunable MoS2/MoTe2 vertical vdWs heterojunction device is constructed. The Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) technology is combined with the electric transport measurement technology, thereby revealing the charge transport behavior of the MoS2/MoTe2 heterojunction under dark condition and laser-irradition condition, including the bipolarity characteristics of the transition from n-n+ junction to p-n junction. In this paper, the charge transport mechanism of heterojunction is explained comprehensively and systematically, including the charge transmission process of n-n+ junction and p-n junction under positive and negative bias conditions, the transformation of nodule behavior with gate voltage, the influence of barriers on charge transmission, the different rectification characteristics between n-n+ junction and p-n junction, the major role of source and leakage bias voltage in band tunneling, and the influence of photogenerated carriers on electrical transmission. The method in this work can be generalized to other two-dimensional heterojunction systems and also provide an important reference for improving the performance of two-dimensional semiconductor devices and their applications in the future.
Marine or freshwater: the role of ornamental fish keeper’s preferences in the conservation of aquatic organisms in Brazil
Authors: Borges Anna Karolina Martins , Oliveira Tacyana Pereira Ribeiro , Alves Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega
Published: November 2022

Background

The use of ornamental fish as pets has important implications for the conservation of the species used in fish keeping, particularly in relation to overexploitation. Understanding ornamental fish keepers’ relationship with the hobby can provide important information for assessing the potential impacts of the activity. Here, we analyzed the profile of Brazilian ornamental fish keepers and evaluated their preferences and the implications of their choices.

Methods

Information was obtained by applying questionnaires to 906 ornamental fish keepers participating in fish keeping groups in a social network. The questionnaire contained questions about the species of fish kept (freshwater and marine), techniques used, socio-economic aspects, and associated conservation perspectives.

Results

Most ornamental fish keepers were young men (20–40 years old), with higher education and monthly income above US$ 530.00. Participants predominantly kept freshwater fish (86%), but marine fish only (5%) or both marine and freshwater hobbyists (9%) were also recorded. A total of 523 species of ornamental fish were kept, most of which comprised freshwater (76% of the total) and exotic species (73%). About a third of the fish species recorded were under national trade restrictions. In addition, about a third of ornamental fish keepers declared that they also had invertebrates. Marine aquariums require a greater financial investment, especially at the beginning, than freshwater aquariums and are also almost entirely based on exotic species. The aesthetic factor is the main motivation associated with practicing this hobby, being color and behavior key factors in choosing fish. A total of 10% of hobbyists have already released fish into the wild, highlighting concerns about potential biological invasions. There is an urgent need to enforce regulations towards restricting ornamental fish keepers’ access to threatened native species and potentially invasive species, as well as measures aimed at informing and raising hobbyists’ awareness of conservation measures related to the hobby.
An In-Depth Discussion on the Education Management of College Students from the Perspective of New Media
Authors: Xiaolin Zhao
Published: November 2022

In-depth discussion on the education management of college students from the perspective of new media is the main idea of the designed study. At present, the research and practice of school knowledge management mainly involves two aspects: teacher's personal knowledge management and also school-level knowledge management, and there are few researches on college students' self-knowledge management. Multi-channel information carriers such as the Internet, coal, books and magazines make their ideological concerns show a clear wide-area feature, covering various issues of history and reality, domestic and international, but it is precisely this kind of informatization. The extreme richness, rapid change and dispersion of various information in society also breed the superficial development of the ideological and cultural needs of contemporary college students. This paper gives then ovel suggestions.
Discussion on Marxist Theory and Innovation of Ideological and Political Education Teaching Research
Authors: Yuxia Han , Zhou Lan
Published: November 2022

Innovation is the inherent requirement of the ideological and political education in colleges and universities, and it is an inevitable choice for ideological and political education to effectively respond to changes in external time and space conditions. Under the premise of the comprehensive coverage of the Internet and the gradual strengthening of the information construction in colleges and universities, all kinds of trace information, such as the teaching behavior of educators, the scope of the education process, the behavior characteristics and the state of mind reflected by educators. This paper gives the novel ideas under the discussions on the Marxist theory, in the future, we will consider the different applications.
Treatment Time and In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, 2018-2021
Authors: Jollis James G. , Granger Christopher B. , Zègre-Hemsey Jessica K. , Henry Timothy D. , Goyal Abhinav , Tamis-Holland Jacqueline E. , Roettig Mayme Lou , Ali Murtuza J. , French William J. , Poudel Ram , Zhao Juan , Stone R. Harper , Jacobs Alice K.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Recognizing the association between timely treatment and less myocardial injury for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), US national guidelines recommend specific treatment-time goals.

Objective

To describe these process measures and outcomes for a recent cohort of patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Cross-sectional study of a diagnosis-based registry between the second quarter of 2018 and the third quarter of 2021 for 114 871 patients with STEMI treated at 648 hospitals in the Get With The Guidelines–Coronary Artery Disease registry.

Exposures

STEMI or STEMI equivalent.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Treatment times, in-hospital mortality, and adherence to system goals (75% treated ≤90 minutes of first medical contact if the first hospital is percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]-capable and ≤120 minutes if patients require transfer to a PCI-capable hospital).

Results

In the study population, median age was 63 (IQR, 54-72) years, 71% were men, and 29% were women. Median time from symptom onset to PCI was 148 minutes (IQR, 111-226) for patients presenting to PCI-capable hospitals by emergency medical service, 195 minutes (IQR, 127-349) for patients walking in, and 240 minutes (IQR, 166-402) for patients transferred from another hospital. Adjusted in-hospital mortality was lower for those treated within target times vs beyond time goals for patients transported via emergency medical services (first medical contact to laboratory activation ≤20 minutes [in-hospital mortality, 3.6 vs 9.2] adjusted OR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.48-0.60], and first medical contact to device ≤90 minutes [in-hospital mortality, 3.3 vs 12.1] adjusted OR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.36-0.44]), walk-in patients (hospital arrival to device ≤90 minutes [in-hospital mortality, 1.8 vs 4.7] adjusted OR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.40-0.55]), and transferred patients (door-in to door-out time <30 minutes [in-hospital mortality, 2.9 vs 6.4] adjusted OR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.32-0.78], and first hospital arrival to device ≤120 minutes [in-hospital mortality, 4.3 vs 14.2] adjusted OR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.26-0.71]). Regardless of mode of presentation, system goals were not met in most quarters, with the most delayed system performance among patients requiring interhospital transfer (17% treated ≤120 minutes).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study of patients with STEMI included in a US national registry provides information on changes in process and outcomes between 2018 and 2021.
Geographic Accessibility of COVID-19 Test to Treat Sites by Race, Ethnicity, Age, and Rurality
Authors: Khazanchi Rohan , Strumpf Andrew , Essien Utibe R. , Powers Samuel D. , McManus Kathleen A.
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study explores geographic disparities in antiviral access by quantifying the accessibility of COVID-19 Test to Treat sites for subpopulations by race, ethnicity, age, and rurality.
How the Cognitive Science of Belief Can Transform the Study of Mental Health
Authors: Mandelbaum Eric , Porot Nicolas
Published: November 2022

This Viewpoint highlights how new insights into belief acquisition, storage, and change can transform our understanding of psychiatric disorders.
The durability of resin–dentine bonds are enhanced by epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate‐encapsulated nanohydroxyapatite/mesoporous silica
Authors: Zhang Taiyang , Deng Wei , Zhang Ying , Liu Ming , Ling Yongchang , Sun Qiurong
Published: November 2022

Biomimetic nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) has long been used as a biocompatible material for bone repair, bone regeneration, and bone reconstruction due to its low toxicity to local or systemic tissues. Various cross‐linkers have been employed to maintain the structure of collagen; these include epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), which can fortify the mechanical properties of collagen and withstand the degradation of collagenase. We hypothesized that EGCG combined with nHAp may promote resin–dentin bonding durability. Here, we examined the effect of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate‐encapsulated nanohydroxyapatite/mesoporous silica (EGCG@nHAp@MSN) on thermal stability and remineralization capability of dentin collagen. Dentin slices (2 × 2 × 1 mm3) were obtained and completely demineralized in a 10% phosphoric acid water solution. The resulting dentin collagen matrix was incubated with deionized water, EGCG, nHAp@MSN, and EGCG@nHAp@MSN. The collagen thermal degradation temperature was assessed utilizing differential scanning calorimetry analysis, which indicated that EGCG, nHAp@MSN, and EGCG@nHAp@MSN reinforced collagen's capability to resist thermal degradation. EGCG@nHAp@MSN resulted in the highest increase in denaturation temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that both nHAp@MSN and EGCG@nHAp@MSN achieved a higher residual mass than the EGCG and control groups. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to examine the interaction between EGCG@nHAp@MSN and dentin collagen. The EGCG@nHAp@MSN sample exhibited stronger dentin microhardness and uppermost bond strength after thermocycling. EGCG significantly enhanced collagen's capability to resist thermal degradation. In summary, EGCG and nHAp@MSN may work together to assist the exposed collagen to improve resistance to thermal cycling and promote remineralization while also strengthening the durability of resin–dentin bonds.
Self‐Powered Room‐Temperature High‐Sensitivity Acetone Gas Sensing System
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Gu Guangqin , Liu Yang , Wang Jiao , Gu Guangxiang , Zhang Wenhe , Cheng Gang , Du Zuliang
Published: November 2022

Acetone is widely used as a solvent in industry, which is volatile and harmful to the environment and people’ health. Hence, it is very important for real‐time detection of acetone concentration in exhaust gas or the surrounding air. Herein, a self‐powered acetone gas‐sensing system (SASS) based on passive half‐wave rectification power management circuits (HW‐PMCs), enhanced pulsed triboelectric nanogenerator (pulsed‐TENG), and Co3O4 acetone gas sensor is reported. First, HW‐PMC is developed based on the half‐wave rectifier with 470 μF capacitor and limited capacitor voltage (<5.5 V) to store energy efficiently. Results demonstrate that simulated energy storage efficiency of HW‐PMC is 42.2% and is 26.3 times higher than that of conventional PMCs. Then, the external capacitor is connected to electrodes of pulsed‐TENG, which forms enhanced pulsed‐TENG. The highest energy storage efficiency of HW‐PMC can reach 25.8% using enhanced pulsed‐TENG. The calculator is successfully powered using enhanced pulsed‐TENG and HW‐PMC. Finally, according to the characteristics of HW‐PMC, enhanced pulsed‐TENG, and Co3O4 gas sensor, SASS is developed and can detect 2 ppm of acetone at room temperature. SASS is important to environmental protection and reduction of production cost.
Transfer Hydrogenation in Mesoporous Palladium: Polar Hydrogen Engineering to Realize High Selectivity of Alkyne Semi‐Hydrogenation
Authors: Qin Huaiyu , Liu Ben
Published: November 2022

Semi‐hydrogenation of alkynes to industrially important alkenes is earnestly desirable in the fine chemical industry but energetically unfavorable. Herein, it is reported that mesoporous palladium (meso‐Pd) catalyst changes the hydrogenation pathways in ethanol with ammonium borane as the hydrogen source, realizing the high catalytic selectivity of ≈99% in semi‐hydrogenation of alkynes. Mechanism studies reveal that the active polar hydrogen can be produced and reserved well in the electron‐rich mesoporous channels of meso‐Pd catalyst, resulting in a transfer hydrogenation pathway, which selectively semi‐hydrogenates alkynes into alkenes without over‐hydrogenating alkenes into alkanes. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the polar hydrogen engineering of meso‐Pd catalyst is highly efficient in various alkyne semi‐hydrogenation and chemoselective hydrogenation reactions. The results thus establish metal catalyst mesostructuring as an alternative route for engineering polar hydrogen in the transfer hydrogenation reactions, thus realizing the high catalytic selectivity in various selective catalysis.
Atroposelective Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2‐c]azepine Derivatives Through Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation
Authors: Gaignard‐Gaillard Quentin , Han Xu , Alix Aurélien , Bour Christophe , Guillot Regis , Gandon Vincent , Voituriez Arnaud
Published: November 2022

A series of enantioenriched substituted tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2‐c]azepine products possessing an axial chirality were synthesized in 63–99% yield through a gold(I)‐catalyzed hydroarylation. DFT calculations rationalized the reactivity observed for the formation of such complex molecular frameworks and guided our choice in the pyrrole N‐substituent to isolate configurationally stable compounds.

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Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Oxytrifluoromethylation of N‐Boc‐Ynamides for the Construction of Trifluoromethylated Oxazolones
Authors: Zuo Yue , Ye Xingyuan , Jiang Dongjie , Zhou Shuai , Yu Mengyuan , He Guangke
Published: November 2022

A chemo‐selective copper(I)‐catalyzed oxytrifluoromethylation of N‐Boc‐ynamides with TMSCF3 has been achieved, affording the trifluoromethylated oxazolones in 51–99% yields. The reaction proceeds at room temperature and tolerates a variety of functional groups such as −X, −OMe, alkenyl, and other substituents. The resulting oxazolones provide access to α‐CF3‐substituted amines through decarboxylative reduction.

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Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Carbothiolation via Rearrangement of S‐Propargyl Group: An Access to 3‐Allenyl or 3‐Indenyl Benzo[b]thiophenes
Authors: Van Wesemael Camille , Brach Nicolas , Gulea Mihaela , Blond Gaëlle
Published: November 2022

A series of 3‐allenyl benzo[b]thiophenes were synthesized through a gold(I)‐catalyzed domino reaction. The process consists in a 5‐endo‐dig cyclization with C−S bond formation and consecutive S‐to‐C propargyl migration via [3,3]‐sigmatropic Claisen rearrangement. With aryl substituents on both triple bonds of the substrate, subsequent intramolecular hydroarylation on the formed allenyl system led to 3‐indenyl benzo[b]thiophenes. From a substrate bearing a 3‐butynol moiety diverse fused O‐heterocycles have been obtained via intramolecular hydroalkoxylation. A gold‐mediated 1,3‐migration involving allenyl to propargyl rearrangement is also described.

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Benefits of an Immunogenic Personalized Neoantigen Nanovaccine in Patients with High‐Risk Gastric/Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
Authors: Liu Qin , Chu Yanhong , Shao Jie , Qian Hanqing , Yang Ju , Sha Huizi , Cen Lanqi , Tian Manman , Xu Qiuping , Chen Fangjun , Yang Yang , Wang Weifeng , Wang Kai , Yu Lixia , Wei Jia , Liu Baorui
Published: November 2022

Personalized neoantigen vaccines have shown strong immunogenicity in clinical trial, but still face various challenges in facilitating an efficient antitumor immune response. Here, a personalized neoantigen nanovaccine (PNVAC) platform for adjuvant cancer immunotherapy is generated. PNVAC triggers superior protective efficacy against tumor recurrence and promotes longer survival than free neoantigens, especially when combined with anti‐PD‐1 treatment in a murine tumor model. A phase I clinical trial (ChiCTR1800017319) is initiated to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and prophylactic effect of PNVAC on preventing tumor recurrence in patients with high‐risk gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy of postsurgical resection. The one‐ and two‐year disease‐free survival rates are significantly higher than historical record. PNVAC induces both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses as well as antigen‐experienced memory T cell phenotype. Furthermore, the immune response is persistent and remains evident one year after the vaccination. This work provides a safe and feasible strategy for developing neoantigen vaccines to delay gastric cancer recurrence after surgery.
Soybean seeding rate and seed treatment that maximize yield and profitability based on planting date
Authors: Siler Thomas B. , Singh Maninder Pal
Published: November 2022

Warmer spring temperatures and a growing body of literature on the importance of timely planting have resulted in many growers in Michigan and other northern U.S. states planting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. However, there is limited research in Michigan informing how other management practices should be adjusted based on planting date (PD). Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Michigan using a split‐plot design during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons to determine how seeding rate (SR; 124,000 to 519,000 seeds ha−1) and seed treatment (ST; fungicide + insecticide + nematicide) impact soybean yield and net returns based on PD. Soybean was planted at five SRs with or without an ST (split‐plot) on four PDs (main‐plot). The use of the ST increased plant stand by 6.7% at one location but did not improve yield at either location regardless of PD. The increased cost associated with the ST and lack of a yield increase resulted in a US$25 ha−1 decrease in net returns. Maximum yield was achieved with a final plant stand of 242,000, 288,000, 307,000, and 384,000 plants ha−1 during the late April, mid‐May, early June, and late June PDs, respectively. However, the final population to achieve maximum net returns ranged from 89,000 to 141,000 plants ha−1 less than the population that maximized seed yield. Overall, results indicated that ST did not improve net returns across any PD, and relatively lower SRs were able to achieve maximum yield and net returns during early season planting, but increased SRs were necessary when planting was delayed.
Effectiveness of nutritional information in increasing demand for enriched yoghurt among poor households in Kenya: Implications for agribusiness marketing strategies
Authors: Ortega David L. , Caputo Vincenzina , Maredia Mywish
Published: November 2022

The yoghurt market represents one of the most dynamic consumer segments in Kenya's dairy industry. Product innovation like yoghurt enriched with nutrients is increasingly promoted to address the challenges of micro‐nutrient deficiencies, especially among children and women of poor households. Using data from 383 in‐household interviews in predominantly poor neighborhoods in Nairobi, we focus on evaluating features that can make this healthy product more desirable to increase demand and inform agribusiness marketing efforts. More specifically, we elicit preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for health and nutrition‐related yoghurt product attributes, and find that information connecting product enrichment to health can increase consumer desirability and consumer WTP. [EconLit Citations: D12, Q10, Q13].
Mindestinformationsstandards in der Chemie: Ein Appell zum besseren Umgang mit Forschungsdaten
Authors: Herres‐Pawlis Sonja , Bach Felix , Bruno Ian J. , Chalk Stuart J. , Jung Nicole , Liermann Johannes C. , McEwen Leah R. , Neumann Steffen , Steinbeck Christoph , Razum Matthias , Koepler Oliver
Published: November 2022

Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM) ist erforderlich, um wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt und das Sammeln von Daten zu fördern. Viele Fördergeldgeber verlangen FDM, da Forschung oft durch Steuergelder finanziert wird und daraus resultierende Daten nachhaltig für kommende Generationen hinterlegt werden sollten. In heutigen Laboren sind Papier‐Laborbücher allerdings noch immer gängige Praxis, und die Forschungsdaten werden oft in proprietären Dateiformaten ohne experimentellen Kontext gespeichert. Daten müssen über eine Rolle als bloßes Anhängsel von Publikationen hinauswachsen. Elektronische Laborbücher (ELN) und Laborinformationsmanagementsysteme (LIMS) ermöglichen es, Daten besser zu verwalten sowie Forschung und Veröffentlichung zu vereinfachen. Die in gutes FDM investierte Zeit zahlt sich später in vielerlei Hinsicht aus. Daher werden Mindestinformationsstandards (MI) für die Handhabung von Daten benötigt. Die Digitalisierung hält gerade Einzug in die Lehrpläne, sodass zukünftige Generationen von ChemikerInnen mit FDM und ELN‐Nutzung vertraut sein werden.
Molecular Engineering of Chalcogen‐Embedded Anthanthrenes viaperi‐Selective C−H Activation: Fine‐Tuning of Crystal Packing for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Liu Zheng , Han Weiguo , Lan Jingbo , Sun Lingyan , Tang Junbin , Zhang Cheng , You Jingsong
Published: November 2022

Disclosed herein is a RhCl3‐catalyzedperi‐selective C−H/C−H oxidative homo‐coupling of 1‐substituted naphthalenes, which provides a highly efficient and streamlined approach to chalcogen‐embedded anthanthrenes from readily available starting materials. Introducing O, S, and Se into the anthanthrene skeleton leads to gradually increased π–π stacking distances but significantly enhanced π–π overlaps with the growth of the hetero‐atom radius. Moderate π–π distance, overlap area, and intermolecular S−S interactions endow S‐embedded anthanthrene (PTT) with excellent 2D charge‐transport properties. Moreover, the transformation of p‐type to n‐type S‐embedded anthanthrenes is realized for the first time via the S‐atom oxidation fromPTTtoPTT‐O4. In organic field‐effect transistor devices,PTTderivatives exhibit hole transport with mobilities up to 1.1 cm2 V−1 s−1, whilePTT‐O4shows electron transport with a mobility of 0.022 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Synthetic Zwitterionic Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 1 Oligosaccharides Carrying Labile O‐Acetyl Esters
Authors: Wang Zhen , Gimeno Ana , Lete Marta G. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Chiodo Fabrizio , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Codée Jeroen D. C.
Published: November 2022

We herein report the first total synthesis of the Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 (Sp1) oligosaccharide, a unique zwitterionic capsular polysaccharide carrying labile O‐acetyl esters. The target oligosaccharides, featuring rare α‐2,4‐diamino‐2,4,6‐trideoxy galactose (AAT) and α‐galacturonic acids, were assembled up to the 9‐mer level, in a highly stereoselective manner using trisaccharide building blocks. The lability of the O‐acetyl esters imposed a careful deprotection scheme to prevent migration and hydrolysis. The migration was investigated in detail at various pD values using NMR spectroscopy, to show that migration and hydrolysis of the C‐3‐O‐acetyl esters readily takes place under neutral conditions. Structural investigation showed the oligomers to adopt a right‐handed helical structure with the acetyl esters exposed on the periphery of the helix in close proximity of the neighboring AAT residues, thereby imposing conformational restrictions on the AATα1‐4GalA(3OAc) glycosidic linkages, supporting the helical shape of the polysaccharide, that has been proposed to be critical for its unique biological activity.
Catalytic DNA‐Assisted Mass Production of Arbitrary Single‐Stranded DNA
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Xia Kai , Jiang Meng , Li Qingting , Chen Weigang , Han Mingzhe , Li Wei , Ke Rongqin , Wang Fei , Zhao Yongxing , Liu Yuehua , Fan Chunhai , Gu Hongzhou
Published: November 2022

Synthetic single‐stranded (ss) DNA is a cornerstone for life and materials science, yet the purity, quantity, length, and customizability of synthetic DNA are still limiting in various applications. Here, we present PECAN, paired‐end cutting assisted by DNAzymes (DNA enzymes or deoxyribozymes), which enables mass production of ssDNA of arbitrary sequence (up to 7000 nucleotides, or nt) with single‐base precision. At the core of PECAN technique are two newly identified classes of DNAzymes, each robustly self‐hydrolyzing with minimal sequence requirement up‐ or down‐stream of its cleavage site. Flanking the target ssDNA with a pair of such DNAzymes generates a precursor ssDNA amplifiable by pseudogene‐recombinant bacteriophage, which subsequently releases the target ssDNA in large quantities after efficient auto‐processing. PECAN produces ssDNA of virtually any terminal bases and compositions with >98.5 % purity at the milligram‐to‐gram scale. We demonstrate the feasibility of using PECAN ssDNA for RNA in situ detection, homology‐directed genome editing, and DNA‐based data storage.
Chemoselective Decarboxylative Protonation Enabled by Cooperative Earth‐Abundant Element Catalysis
Authors: Lu Yen‐Chu , West Julian G.
Published: November 2022

Decarboxylative protonation is a general deletion tactic to replace polar carboxylic acid groups with hydrogen or its isotope. Current methods rely on the pre‐activation of acids, non‐sustainable hydrogen sources, and/or expensive/highly oxidizing photocatalysts, presenting challenges to their wide adoption. Here we show that a cooperative iron/thiol catalyst system can readily achieve this transformation, hydrodecarboxylating a wide range of activated and unactivated carboxylic acids and overcoming scope limitations in previous direct methods. The reaction is readily scaled in batch configuration and can be directly performed in deuterated solvent to afford high yields of d‐incorporated products with excellent isotope incorporation efficiency; characteristics not attainable in previous photocatalyzed approaches. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate a radical mechanism and kinetic results of unactivated acids (KIE=1) are consistent with a light‐limited reaction.
Anthracene‐Fused Oligo‐BODIPYs: A New Class of π‐Extended NIR‐Absorbing Materials
Authors: Labella Jorge , Durán‐Sampedro Gonzalo , Krishna Swathi , Martínez‐Díaz M. Victoria , Guldi Dirk M. , Torres Tomás
Published: November 2022

Large π‐conjugated systems are key in the area of molecular materials. Herein, we prepare via AuI‐catalyzed cyclization a series of fully π‐conjugated anthracene‐fused oligo‐BODIPYs. Their structural and optoelectronic properties were studied by several techniques, ranging from X‐ray, UV/Vis, and cyclic voltammetry to transient absorption spectroscopy. As a complement, their electronic structures were explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Depending on the size and shape of the π‐conjugated skeleton, unique features—such as face‐to‐face supramolecular organization, NIR absorption and fluorescence as well as strong electron accepting character—were noted. All in all, the aforementioned features render them valuable for technological applications.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Diels–Alder Reaction of 2‐Trifluoroacetamido‐1,3‐dienes with α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Zhu Xin‐Qi , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: November 2022

We report herein the first examples of chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed enantioselective Diels–Alder reactions between 2‐trifluoroacetamido‐1,3‐dienes 1 and α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds 2. Polysubstituted 1‐acetamido cyclohexenes 3 were formed in high yields with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. The reaction proceeds through a stepwise process as shown by deuterium labelling experiments. A catalytic enantioselective three‐component reaction of 1, 2 and ortho‐hydroxybenzhydryl alcohols 4 was subsequently developed furnishing the densely functionalized hexahydroxanthenes 5 in a highly stereoselective manner. This multicomponent reaction generates four chemical bonds with concurrent creation of five contiguous stereocenters.
Structural Influence of Lone Pairs in GeP2N4, a Germanium(II) Nitridophosphate
Authors: Ambach Sebastian J. , Somers Cody , de Boer Tristan , Eisenburger Lucien , Moewes Alexander , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: November 2022

Owing to their widespread properties, nitridophosphates are of high interest in current research. Explorative high‐pressure high‐temperature investigations yielded various compounds with stoichiometryMP2N4(M=Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Cd), which are discussed as ultra‐hard or luminescent materials, when doped with Eu2+. Herein, we report the first germanium nitridophosphate, GeP2N4, synthesized from Ge3N4and P3N5at 6 GPa and 800 °C. The structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and further characterized by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, IR and NMR spectroscopy. The highly condensed network of PN4‐tetrahedra shows a strong structural divergence to otherMP2N4compounds, which is attributed to the stereochemical influence of the lone pair of Ge2+. Thus, the formal exchange of alkaline earth cations with Ge2+may open access to various compounds with literature‐known stoichiometry, however, new structures and properties.
Single Crystalline, Non‐stoichiometric Cocrystals of Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks
Authors: Hashimoto Taito , Oketani Ryusei , Nobuoka Masaki , Seki Shu , Hisaki Ichiro
Published: November 2022

Porous frameworks composed of non‐stoichiometrically mixed multicomponent molecules attract much attention from a functional viewpoint. However, their designed preparation and precise structural characterization remain challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that cocrystallization of tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)hexahydropyrene and pyrene derivatives (CP‐Hp and CP‐Py, respectively) yields non‐stoichiometric mixed frameworks through networking via hydrogen bonding. The composition ratio of CP‐Hp and CP‐Py in the framework was determined by single crystalline X‐ray crystallographic analysis, indicating that the mixed frameworks were formed over a wide range of composition ratios. Furthermore, microscopic Raman spectroscopy on the single crystal indicates that the components are not uniformly distributed such as ideal solid solution, but are done gradationally or inhomogeneously.
Identification of Cyclohexadienyl Hydrides as Intermediates in Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Arene Hydrogenation
Authors: Hierlmeier Gabriele , Tosatti Paolo , Puentener Kurt , Chirik Paul J.
Published: November 2022

Treatment of phosphino(imino)pyridine (PIP) molybdenum cyclooctadiene (COD) complexes [(PIP)Mo(COD)] with dihydrogen in the presence of benzene selectively furnished the molybdenum cyclohexadienyl hydrides [(PIP)MoH(η5‐C6H7)], which are precatalysts for the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane. [(PIP)MoH(η5‐C6H7)] arises from a rarely observed insertion of benzene into a molybdenum‐hydride bond, a key step in the molybdenum‐catalyzed homogeneous hydrogenation of arenes. The reaction with toluene afforded a single isomer of the corresponding molybdenum cyclohexadienyl hydride while para‐xylene predominantly formed the molybdenum η6‐arene complex with the insertion product being a minor component. Addition of carbon monoxide to a cyclohexane‐d12 solution of [(PIP)MoH(η5‐C6H7)] liberated cyclohexadiene, providing experimental support for a higher kinetic barrier for the subsequent steps en route to cycloalkanes.
Structurally Defined Water‐Soluble Metallofullerene Derivatives towards Biomedical Applications
Authors: Li Yanbang , Biswas Rohin , Kopcha William P. , Dubroca Thierry , Abella Laura , Sun Yue , Crichton Ryan A. , Rathnam Christopher , Yang Letao , Yeh Yao‐Wen , Kundu Krishnendu , Rodríguez‐Fortea Antonio , Poblet Josep M. , Lee Ki‐Bum , Hill Stephen , Zhang Jianyuan
Published: November 2022

Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) are excellent carriers of rare‐earth element (REE) ions in biomedical applications because they preclude the release of toxic metal ions. However, existing approaches to synthesize water‐soluble EMF derivatives yield mixtures that inhibit precise drug design. Here we report the synthesis of metallobuckytrio (MBT), a three‐buckyball system, as a modular platform to develop structurally defined water‐soluble EMF derivatives with ligands by choice. Demonstrated with PEG ligands, the resulting water‐soluble MBTs show superb biocompatibility. The Gd MBTs exhibit superior T1 relaxivity than typical Gd complexes, potentially superseding current clinical MRI contrast agents in both safety and efficiency. The Lu MBTs generated reactive oxygen species upon light irradiation, showing promise as photosensitizers. With their modular nature to incorporate other ligands, we anticipate the MBT platform to open new paths towards bio‐specific REE drugs.
Continuous Electroformation of Gold Nanoparticles in Nanoliter Droplet Reactors
Authors: Saucedo‐Espinosa Mario Alberto , Breitfeld Maximilian , Dittrich Petra Stephanie
Published: November 2022

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are employed in numerous applications, including optics, biosensing and catalysis. Here, we demonstrate the stabilizer‐free electrochemical synthesis of AuNPs inside nanoliter‐sized reactors. Droplets encapsulating a gold precursor are formed on a microfluidic device and exposed to an electrical current by guiding them through a pair of electrodes. We exploit the naturally occurring recirculation flows inside confined droplets (moving in rectangular microchannels) to prevent the aggregation of nanoparticles after nucleation. Therefore, AuNPs with sizes in the range of 30 to 100 nm were produced without the need of additional capping agents. The average particle size is defined by the precursor concentration and droplet velocity, while the charge dose given by the electric field strength has a minor effect. This method opens the way to fine‐tune the electrochemical production of gold nanoparticles, and we believe it is a versatile method for the formation of other metal nanoparticles.
Reversible Dihydrogen Activation and Catalytic H/D Exchange with Group 10 Heterometallic Complexes**
Authors: Garçon Martí , Phanopoulos Andreas , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: November 2022

Reaction of a hexagonal planar palladium complex featuring a [PdMg3H3] core with H2is reversible and leads to the formation of a new [PdMg2H4] tetrahydride species alongside an equivalent of a magnesium hydride co‐product [MgH]. While the reversibility of this process prevented isolation of [PdMg2H4], analogous [PtMg2H4] and [PtZn2H4] complexes could be isolated and characterised through independent syntheses. Computational analysis (DFT, AIM, NCIPlot) of the bonding in a series of heterometallic tetrahydride compounds (Ni–Pt; Mg and Zn) suggests that these complexes are best described as square planar with marginal metal‐metal interactions; the strength of which increases slightly as group 10 is descended and increases from Mg to Zn. DFT calculations support a mechanism for H2activation involving a ligand‐assisted oxidative addition to Pd. These findings were exploited to develop a catalytic protocol for H/D exchange into magnesium hydride and zinc hydride bonds.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Pictet–Spengler Reaction of α‐Ketoesters: Development and Application to the Total Synthesis of (+)‐Alstratine A
Authors: Andres Rémi , Sun Fenggang , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: November 2022

We report herein an asymmetric Pictet–Spengler reaction of α‐ketoesters. In the presence of a catalytic amount of simple alanine‐derived squaramide and p‐nitrobenzoic acid, reaction of tryptamines with methyl 2‐oxoalkanoates afforded the corresponding 1‐alkyl‐1‐methoxycarbonyl tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines (THBCs) in high yields and ee values. A primary kinetic isotope effect (KIE=4.5) using C2‐deteurium‐labelled tryptamine indicates that rearomatization through deprotonation of the pentahydro‐β‐carbolinium ion could be the rate‐ and enantioselectivity‐determining step. A concise enantioselective total synthesis of (+)‐alstratine A, a hexacyclic cagelike monoterpene indole alkaloid, featuring this reaction as a key step, was subsequently accomplished. Remeasurement of the [a]D value of the natural product indicates that natural alstratine A is dextrorotatory rather than levorotatory as it was initially reported in the isolation paper.
Efficient Multiple Domain Ligation for Proteins Using Asparaginyl Endopeptidase by Selection of Appropriate Ligation Sites Based on Steric Hindrance
Authors: Okuda Aya , Shimizu Masahiro , Inoue Rintaro , Urade Reiko , Sugiyama Masaaki
Published: November 2022

Three domain fragments of a multi‐domain protein, ER‐60, were ligated in two short linker regions using asparaginyl endopeptidase not involving denaturation. To identify appropriate ligation sites, by selecting several potential ligation sites with fewer mutations around two short linker regions, their ligation efficiencies and the functions of the ligated ER‐60s were examined experimentally. To evaluate the dependence of ligation efficiencies on the ligation sites computationally, steric hinderances around the sites for the ligation were calculated through molecular dynamics simulations. Utilizing the steric hindrance, a site‐dependent ligation potential index was introduced as reproducing the experimental ligation efficiency. Referring to this index, the reconstruction of ER‐60 was succeeded by the ligation of the three domains for the first time. In addition, the new ligation potential index well‐worked for application to other domain ligations. Therefore, the index may serve as a more time‐effective tool for multi‐site ligations.