bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOSIALISASI PENGEMBANGAN UMKM MELALUI PENGAJUAN PEMBIAYAAN BANK SYARIAH DI DESA SUKAMUKTI
Authors: Abdullah Saqyllah Zahra , Rahmawati Rafika , Isfandayani Isfandayani , Mardiah Siti , Isnandar Fajri Ryan
Published: December 2024

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role as economic drivers in Indonesia, proven to be able to survive even in conditions of economic crisis. However, the MSME sector still faces major problems related to capital, especially in obtaining credit from banks with high interest rates and material collateral requirements that are difficult to meet. The development of various Islamic banking provides an opportunity to meet the needs of MSMEs, with a profit-sharing system that is different from conventional banking. This community service aims to provide understanding and increase the literacy of MSME actors regarding financing opportunities through Islamic banks. The service method applies socialization in the development of MSMEs by applying for financing at Islamic banks in Sukamukti Village. The results of the service show that MSME players can take advantage of the potential of Islamic banking to develop their business, increase better understanding of Islamic financing mechanisms, MSME players can overcome capital challenges and encourage economic growth.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN SOAL KUIS MELALUI WEBSITE KAHOOT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU
Authors: Priyambudi Setyo Tri , Asiah Siti , Mulyadi Acep , Lubis Rabiyannur , Rohayah Aulia Ayu
Published: December 2024

In implementing the tri dharma of higher education, namely community service in sharing knowledge that has been obtained at Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi. Against the background of the problem of lack of teacher variation in using learning models in classroom learning activities. Therefore, there is a need for additions and changes in learning styles or learning methods. One of them is with training in making quiz questions by utilizing technology such as using the Kahoot website application, it is hoped that teachers can understand and understand in operating the Kahoot website as an alternative in learning variations in the classroom. The purpose of this program is that teachers can use technology as a supporting medium in learning activities and become competent in facing the world of education today has entered the era of society 5.0. The output of this program is to make a positive contribution to teachers at SDN Karangmulya 01 Karangmulya Village regarding variations in learning models using quiz question forms through the Kahoot website application which can later be applied as variations in learning methods.
Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin e-Nabız Sisteminin Oyunlaştırılmasına Yönelik Algı ve Motivasyon Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Yıldırım Banu Fulya , Soylu Demet
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırmada e-Nabız kullanıcısı olan tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin e-Nabız sisteminin oyunlaştırılmasına yönelik motivasyonlarının ve algı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: 2022-2023 eğitim ve öğretim yılında Üsküdar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde öğrenci olan 166 kadın ve 122 erkek olmak üzere toplam 288 kişiye yüz yüze anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Her gün e-Nabız sistemine giriş yapan kullanıcıların oyunlaştırma konusunda daha yüksek motivasyon düzeyine sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Her gün e-Nabız sistemine giren katılımcıların oranı ile arada sırada giren katılımcıların oranı arasında istatistiksel açıdan bulunan anlamlı fark da bu sonucu desteklemektedir (p<0.05). Oyunlaştırma uygulamaları hakkında bilgi sahibi olan katılımcıların e-Nabız sisteminin oyunlaştırılmasına ilişkin daha olumlu bir algı ve bakış açısına sahip olduğu ortaya konulmuştur (p<0.05). Katılımcıların %84’ü e-Nabız sistemi üzerinden oyunlaştırma uygulamasını kullanmak istediğini belirtmiştir. Sonuç: Katılımcıların çoğunluğunun e-Nabız sisteminin oyunlaştırılması konusunda yüksek motivasyona ve olumlu algıya sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Oyunlaştırılmış yöntemler ve arayüz özellikleri, e-Nabız sisteminin kullanım oranlarını artırma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu nedenle oyunlaştırılmış sistemlerin tasarımı ve sistemin daha etkin kullanımına yönelik çalışmaların yapılması önem kazanmaktadır.
Floristic diversity of the Stara Drava water body near Bilje (northeast Croatia)
Authors: Mazur Dora , Ozimec Siniša , Prlić Dragan
Published: December 2024

The Stara Drava water body, located near the village of Bilje, northeast Croatia, with diverse aquatic, wetland and land habitats, maintains numerous wild fauna and flora species. The vascular flora of the Stara Drava was studied in the period from May to September 2020. A total of 142 plant species belonging to 116 genera and 53 families were recorded. The most species-rich plant families were Asteraceae, Poaceae and Lamiaceae, while the most common life forms were hemicryptophytes, hydrophytes and therophytes. Freshwater macrophytes comprise 24 species and have the significant role in the aquatic ecosystem. Alien flora is represented by 19 species, of which 14 are invasive alien plant species. According to their conservation status, five species are designated in one of the threats, and four species are proclaimed as strictly protected species in Croatia.
Theoretical Exploration of the Super-Penrose Process in Schwarzschild Black Holes within the Framework of Bell's Theorem
Authors: CHEN WEN-XIANG
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a theoretical framework exploring the possibility of a super-Penrose process within Schwarzschild black holes by incorporating quantum entanglement phenomena described by Bell's Theorem. By extending the classical Penrose mechanism and introducing quantum non-locality, the feasibility of energy extraction under extreme collision conditions near the event horizon is discussed. The study combines classical particle dynamics with quantum entangled states to investigate the potential impact of quantum non-locality in black hole physics. Advanced mathematical formulations and physical models are provided to elucidate the energy collision mechanisms under stringent conditions, evaluating the theoretical upper limits of energy extraction and their physical significance. The results suggest that the hypothesized super-Penrose process may theoretically achieve higher energy extraction efficiency than the classical Penrose process, although its realization requires further theoretical validation and experimental support.
Between deep roots and a broad crown: reflections on the development of sustainability transitions as a research field
Authors: Simoens Machteld , Hendriks Abe , Frank Leonard
Published: December 2024

In the final chapter of this handbook, we reflect on the development of sustainability transitions research (STR) as a research field by examining its origin and core focus, its achievements and current developments, as well as key critiques and future avenues. Using the metaphor of a tree, we argue that STR has grown from deep roots in various academic disciplines to develop a broad crown of research branches, all connected by a shared focus on socio-technical change processes. The rapid expansion of the research field brings opportunities as well as challenges. While STR's common language has facilitated interaction across disciplines with a shared agenda, it also risks creating rigidity and exclusivity pointing to a tension between cohesion versus fragmentation. Additionally, dissemination of findings from within STR into its foundational disciplines, as well as the growing political and social responsibilities are key challenges of STR. Overall, the field forms a robust community while holding important areas for improvement and critical (self-)reflection. Rather than definitively characterizing STR's trajectory, our aim is to foster the conversation about the field's perceived development and future directions, recognizing that like a tree, research fields require continuous nurturing and exchange to remain vital and productive.
Behaviour and the individual in sustainability transitions
Authors: Dütschke Elisabeth , Upham Paul J. , Scherrer Aline
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the critical role of individual behaviour in sustainability transitions, a field that has traditionally focused more on macro-meso-level processes. While systemic changes in technology and policy are essential, the actions of individuals and small groups significantly influence the adoption of sustainable practices and the shaping of social norms. The chapter examines the interplay between macro-level structural changes and micro-level individual behaviour, highlighting the importance of understanding how personal choices affect broader transition processes. In doing so, it aims to move beyond the structure versus agency and macro-micro debates that have accompanied the history of modern social and behavioural sciences. It discusses different types of behaviour, drawing on psychology and social practice theory, and emphasises the need for interdisciplinary approaches to link individual actions with systemic transitions. By analysing the evolution of individual roles in sustainability initiatives, particularly in the context of energy transitions, the chapter argues for a more nuanced understanding of behaviour, encompassing both habitual actions and deliberate choices. Gaps in research are identified in the need for multi-actor studies and the interrelationship between individual and collective behaviour. The impact of sustainability transitions on social cohesion is also identified as an area for further research.
SISTEM INFORMASI PENGADUAN DAN PENGAJUAN IKLAN LAYANAN BERBASIS WEBSITE DI DISKOMINFO JOMBANG
Authors: Anggreani Nilam Kumallah , Kartika Dhian Satria Yudha , Najaf Abdul Rezha Efrat
Published: December 2024

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dimanfaatkan oleh Dinas Komunikasi Dan Informatika Kabupaten Jombang untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pelayanan publik dalam proses penerimaan aduan dan pengajuan. Namun, sistem yang digunakan masih menghadapi tantangan seperti kecepatan respons yang kurang optimal, kurangnya transparansi, dan kesulitan dalam penyimpanan data karena sebagian masih menggunakan email dan google form sebagai wadah penerimaan aduan maupun ajuan. Metode prototype digunakan dalam pengembangan sistem ini. Tahapannya meliputi communication, quick plan, modeling quick design, construction of prototype, dan deployment, delivery, and feedback. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sistem informasi pengaduan dan pengajuan iklan layanan yang dapat mempermudah masyarakat dalam proses penyampaian aduan, proses pengajuan permohonan dan proses pengumpulan dan pengelolaan data oleh admin.
EVALUASI USABILITY WEBSITE BEHANDLE OPERATION SYSTEM CUSTOMER PT. MULTI TERMINAL INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN METODE SYSTEM USABILITY SCALE
Authors: Ririmasse Rajiv Prayoga , Badrul Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Website menjadi salah satu fasilitas internet yang banyak digunakan, menyajikan informasi secara interaktif kepada pengguna. Namun evaluasi website tidak boleh diabaikan untuk memastikan pengalaman pengguna yang optimal. Meskipun Behandle Operation System Customer PT.Multi Terminal Indonesia telah diluncurkan sejak tahun 2021, data menunjukkan bahwa jumlah pelanggan yang mendaftar pada platform ini mengalami penurunan dari tahun ke tahun. Jumlah pelanggan yang mendaftar tahun 2021 mencapai 1.337 pelanggan, Tahun 2022 jumlah pendaftar mengalami penurunan menjadi 906, dan tahun 2023 turun lagi menjadi 847. Penurunan ini menjadi perhatian serius bagi perusahaan, karena dapat mengganggu efektivitas dan efisiensi operasional mereka.Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, evaluasi menyeluruh terhadap usability website perlu dilakukan. Metode System Usability Scale (SUS) dipilih karena kemudahan penggunaannya dan kehandalannya dalam mengevaluasi usability website. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skor rata-rata SUS sebesar 65, mengindikasikan tingkat usability yang dapat diterima. Meskipun demikian, temuan dari evaluasi ini mengarah pada rekomendasi perbaikan antarmuka pengguna, minimalkan terjadinya error, dan peningkatan kualitas layanan. Rekomendasi ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna dan memperbaiki nilai SUS untuk mencapai standar yang lebih tinggi.
Infants born during COVID-19 pandemic experience increased susceptibility to airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Lachover-Roth Idit , Cohen-Engler Anat , Furman Yael , Rosman Yossi , Meir-Shafrir Keren , Mozer-Mandel Michal , Farladansky-Gershnabel Sivan , Biron-Shental Tal , Confino-Cohen Ronit
Published: December 2024

Background

Asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy are type 2 inflammation diseases. Since the 1960s, the prevalence of those diseases has steadily increased, presumably due to the “Hygiene hypothesis” which suggests that early exposure of infants to pathogens, siblings, and environmental dust, has a protective effect against the development of allergic diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic increased environmental hygiene due to lockdowns, masks, and social distancing.

Objective

To compare the prevalence of allergic diseases among children born before and during the pandemic.

Methods

The Cow's Milk Early Exposure Trial prospectively followed newborns until 12-months of age using monthly survey and examined milk allergy development. Some were born before the first COVID-19 lockdown in Israel (April 2018–March 2020), and some were born during the pandemic (March 2020–May 2021). The monthly surveys included questions regarding atopic comorbidities.

Results

A total of 1,989 infants completed 12-months of follow-up. Among them, 1,086(54.5%) were diagnosed with at least one atopic disease. Among 235 infants born after the last lockdown, 162 were diagnosed with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR)(68.9%), significantly more than in any other group. No other significant differences were found between the study groups.

Conclusions

There was no significant difference in the development of atopic comorbidities between infants born before and during the pandemic. Significantly more infants who were born after restrictions were eased were diagnosed AHR. A longer follow-up period is needed to obtain a better understanding of the influence of the COVID-19 restrictions on the development of atopic comorbidities.

Clinical Trial Registry

NIH Clinical Trials Registry: NCT02785679.
Advancements in pseudouridine modifying enzyme and cancer
Authors: Liu Kaijie , Zhang Shujun , Liu Yafeng , Hu Xinjun , Gu Xinyu
Published: December 2024

Pseudouridine (Ψ) is a post-transcriptional modifier of RNA, often referred to as the ‘fifth nucleotide’ owing to its regulatory role in various biological functions as well as because of its significant involvement in the pathogenesis of human cancer. In recent years, research has revealed various Ψ modifications in different RNA types, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, small nuclear RNA, and long noncoding RNA. Pseudouridylation can significantly alter RNA structure and thermodynamic stability, as the Ψ-adenine (A) base pair is more stable than the typical uridine (U)-A base pair is due to its structural similarity to adenine. Studies have linked Ψ expression to the development and progression of several digestive system cancers, such as liver cancer and colorectal cancer, and nondigestive system cancers, such as breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, ovarian cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and pituitary cancer. The present review briefly outlines the chemical structure, synthesis, and regulatory mechanisms of Ψ. This review summarizes the effects of pseudouridylation on various substrates of RNA and briefly discusses methods for detecting Ψ. Last, it focuses on how RNA pseudouridylation influences different cancers, emphasizing the search for novel approaches to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis through Ψ modification.
Unveiling environmental identities: a mixed methods analysis of non-profit communication
Authors: Delvaux Ibe , Van den Broeck Wendy
Published: December 2024

To address environmental issues, it is important to strengthen individuals' environmental self-identities. This research explored how environmental non-profit organizations (NPOs) use and perceive communication interventions (social norms, perceived environmental responsibility, and social comparison feedback) that could make the environmental social - and self-identities of their community salient. This is achieved by combining a quantitative content analysis of social media posts (n = 448), with six in depth-interviews with communication professionals working in NPOs. We found that descriptive social norms (25.7%) are the most frequently used intervention by NPOs. However, these norms can reduce personal responsibility for environmental actions, and NPOs rarely combine them with personal responsibility messages or injunctive norms, which could tackle this issue. Secondly, we found that the NPO communication professionals are implicitly focusing on increasing the group identification with the organization by using advocates and personal communication with their members. Furthermore, the included NPOs mainly communicate with individuals who already hold environmental values. Consequently, the study identifies a current mismatch between this environmentally conscious audience and the interventions the NPOs are utilizing. Descriptive social norms, which are widely used by the NPOs, are more appropriate for the general public-an audience with weaker connections to the NPOs but one they aim to reach more in the future. In contrast, injunctive and dynamic social norms, both minimally employed by the NPOs, appear more suitable for their current environmental audience. Last, we found that NPOs emphasize their responsibility in addressing environmental issues (20,8%) but neglect to acknowledge governmental efforts (0,9%), which could enhance citizens' environmental self-identity and promote pro-environmental behaviors. This study provides insight into more effective NPO communication strategies, particularly through better audience segmentation and integrating different types of social norms to enhance pro-environmental identities and behaviors.
How universities teach cybersecurity courses online: a systematic literature review
Authors: Ahmed Ali , Watterson Craig , Alhashmi Saadat , Gaber Tarek
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Distance learning has seen a significant increase as educational institutions have shifted toward offering online courses. Although some institutions quickly adapted, many struggled to modify traditional materials for online learners. Time was crucial for institutions lacking experience in remote teaching. Designing engaging online cybersecurity modules for diverse students is a major challenge. With the growing popularity of online courses, it is necessary to examine the teaching methods used. This paper presents a systematic literature review on the current state of online cybersecurity education at universities. Using the PRISMA approach, the study identifies prevalent themes and addresses key research questions. This study aims to analyze academic articles to highlight key findings on how universities teach cybersecurity courses online.

Methods

The authors conducted a systematic review of scholarly articles, adhering to the PRISMA approach for the period from January 2010 to August 2024. PRISMA offers a structured approach to planning, executing, and reporting systematic reviews in various fields, including healthcare and social sciences.

Results

The review revealed several key findings on the design of online cybersecurity courses. Learner-centered approaches were commonly used, featuring active learning and practical applications. Effective instructional methods included collaborative learning, case studies, and simulations, which promoted student engagement and critical thinking. Universities emphasize practical skills evaluation and knowledge acquisition through project-based assessments. The role of IT tools was highlighted, with virtual laboratories, gamification, and simulations providing hands-on experiences, enhancing motivation, and facilitating active learning.

Discussion

This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the current online cybersecurity education practices in online universities. As a pioneering effort, it offers educators and curriculum developers valuable insight into designing effective online cybersecurity programmes to enhance teaching and learning practices. The review of online cybersecurity education highlighted several key findings. Learner-centered approaches, which incorporate active learning practices and practical applications, were prevalent. Effective instructional methods included collaborative learning, case studies, and simulations, which fostered student engagement and critical thinking. Assessments focused on the acquisition of practical skills and knowledge, using project-based tasks, practical exercises, and online quizzes. IT tools played a significant role, with virtual laboratories, gamification, and simulation environments that enhanced hands-on experiences, motivation, and active learning.
A novel seismic inversion method based on multiple attributes and machine learning for hydrocarbon reservoir prediction in Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China
Authors: Liu Zongbin , Zhu Jianmin , Tian Bo , Zhang Rui , Fu Yongheng , Liu Yuan , Wang Lixin
Published: December 2024

As the demands for hydrocarbon exploration continue to rise, the identification of thin sand bodies becomes significantly important for subsequent petroleum exploration and development efforts. However, traditional inversion techniques struggle with complex subsurface structures because of the low frequency seismic data. To characterize the architecture of hydrocarbon reservoir precisely, a novel seismic inversion method is applied to improve the resolution of seismic data for a high interpretation accuracy. In this study, we take the X Oilfield in Eastern China as an example, adopted a novel approach combining spectral decomposition with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) within a genetic algorithm (GA) framework for inversion. The CNNs are adept at recognizing and interpreting the spatial configurations in the data, thereby establishing a high correlation between seismic attributes and sand body distributions. GA helps CNNs to get an optimal solution in a fast speed. The results reveal that the model's sand thickness predictions closely match the actual measurements at wells, with a new horizontal well's alignment with the predicted output reaching an accuracy of 85.1%. Compared to traditional seismic inversion methods, our method requires less data. This approach may find a wider application, especially at offshore oilfields with few wells data and low quality seismic data.
Inverting magnetotelluric data using a physics-guided auto-encoder with scaling laws extension
Authors: Liu Lian , Yang Bo , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2024

Artificial neural networks (ANN) have gained significant attention in magnetotelluric (MT) inversions due to their ability to generate rapid inversion results compared to traditional methods. While a well-trained ANN can deliver near-instantaneous results, offering substantial computational advantages, its practical application is often limited by difficulties in accurately fitting observed data. To address this limitation, we introduce a novel approach that customizes an auto-encoder (AE) whose decoder is replaced with the MT forward operator. This integration accounts for the governing physical laws of MT and compels the ANN to focus not only on learning the statistical relationships from data but also on producing physically consistent results. Moreover, because ANN-based inversions are sensitive to variations in observation systems, we employ scaling laws to transform real-world observation systems into formats compatible with the trained ANN. Synthetic and real-world examples show that our scheme can recover comparable results with higher computational efficiency compared to the classic Occam’s inversion. This study not only perfectly fits the observed data but also enhances the adaptability and efficiency of ANN-based inversions in complex real-world environments.
Whether hysteroscopy improves fertility outcomes in infertile women: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Wang Yidi , Tang Zunhao , Wang Chanchan , Teng Xiuxiang , He Junqin
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Infertility is affecting more and more couples of appropriate age. Hysteroscopy (HSC) has certain effects on the uncompleted pregnancy and live birth caused by uterine microenvironment. Based on the evidence, this paper systematically evaluates the effectiveness and safety of HSC intervention on the fertility outcome of female infertility.

Methods

Randomised controlled trials (RCTS) of hysteroscopy intervention in female infertility were included in the literature database. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to December 10, 2022. RevMan 5.4 software was used for statistical analysis to study the effects of HSC on clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate and abortion rate.

Results

A total of 14 RCTS were included. Five studies evaluated the effect of HSC on live birth rate, and HSC had an overall positive effect on live birth rate. Fourteen studies evaluated the effect of HSC on clinical pregnancy rates, and preoperative HSC was associated with significant improvements in pregnancy rates for both first-time IVF/ICSI patients and repeat IVF/ICSI patients. Eight studies showed no significant difference in the effect of HSC on miscarriage rates.

Conclusion

As a visual examination/treatment technique, HSC can improve the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in most studies, while the risk of abortion is within the acceptable range, and can be used as a recommended examination method for infertile women.
Case report: paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with anti-Yo antibody successfully treated with ofatumumab
Authors: Dou Jingjing , Yue Xiaotong , Ren Haitao , Wang Chunjuan , Guo Shougang
Published: December 2024

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) with anti-Yo antibodies represents a rare immune-mediated paraneoplastic neurological syndrome. Its diagnosis and management remain clinically challenging. Here, we present a case of PCD with confirmed anti-Yo antibodies, validated through anti-cerebellar degeneration protein 2 (CDR2) and anti-CDR2-like antibodies detection, which demonstrated a favorable response to ofatumumab therapy. The patient initially manifested with dizziness, nystagmus, dysarthria, and ataxia. Initial testing revealed weakly positive anti-Yo antibodies, accompanied by positive serum tissue-based assay result for cerebellum. Following one course of intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone pulse therapy, improvement of the patient’s dizziness was observed. Oral prednisone was prescribed for maintenance therapy. However, after discharge, the patient experienced progressive deterioration of symptoms, including worsening dizziness, dysarthria, and limb ataxia. Upon readmission to our hospital, further immunological testing confirmed the presence of anti-CDR2 and anti-CDR2-like antibodies. When a second course of methylprednisolone pulse therapy proved ineffective, treatment was switched to ofatumumab. After two doses, the patient achieved partial symptomatic relief.
Fatal outcome related to drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: a disproportionality analysis of FAERS database and a systematic review of cases
Authors: Liang Chunsu , An Pengjiao , Zhang Yizhou , Liu Xin , Zhang Bo
Published: December 2024

Background

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reaction.

Objective

This study aims to study fatal DRESS cases using FAERS database and systematic review.

Methods

Data of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database were extracted and manipulated. Articles from Pubmed, Embase and CINAHL databases were screened.

Results

0.13% of the adverse events submitted to FAERS was identified as DRESS and the percentage of fatal cases was up to 6.62%. The top five drugs calculated to induce DRESS with the highest number of reported cases were allopurinol, lamotrigine, vancomycin, amoxicillin and carbamazepine. The top five drugs statistically related to fatal outcome with the highest number of reported cases were allopurinol, vancomycin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and lamotrigine. Skin manifestations remained the main reason for admission and the average time from dose to rash onset was 27.19 days. The most commonly cited culprit medication type were antibiotics (50.00%), anti-gout agents (15.38%) and anti-epileptic drug (11.54%).

Conclusions

We discussed fatal cases of DRESS through FAERS system and case reports, hoping to raise awareness when using relevant drugs.
Investigation of the impact of increased size and volume of encapsulation for long-term fouling control
Authors: Ralston Emily , Pringle Samantha
Published: December 2024

Biofouling is a major concern for anthropogenic structures in terms of fuel costs, maintenance and environmental concerns with greenhouse gas emissions and transport of nonindigenous species. Antifouling coatings do not effectively protect many structures and niche areas. Encapsulation has been introduced as a potential long-lasting solution to prevent macrofouling. This study aims to determine the applicability of encapsulation for complex structures that cannot be wrapped with a tight-fitting bag. An experiment was designed to test the impact of different volumes and sizes of bags on the efficacy and life span of protection. Encapsulation within one and two-foot-diameter bags prevented macrofouling on inert PVC and bronze surfaces for the entire 12-month experiment. Four-foot diameter bags prevented macrofouling on inert PVC surfaces for 8 months and bronze surfaces for 9 months. Regardless of bag size, a decrease in dissolved oxygen was observed within all bags compared to open water readings, which may play a role in decreased settlement on encapsulated surfaces. This method has proven effective for extended periods despite large enclosed volumes of water.
Metabolites reflect variability introduced by mesoscale eddies in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Kumler William , Qin Wei , Lundeen Rachel A. , Barone Benedetto , Carlson Laura T. , Ingalls Anitra E.
Published: December 2024

Mesoscale eddies significantly alter open ocean environments such as those found in the subtropical gyres that cover a large fraction of the global ocean. Previous studies have explored eddy effects on biogeochemistry and microbial community composition but not on the molecular composition of particulate organic matter. This study reports the absolute concentration of 67 metabolites and relative abundances for 640 molecular features, measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) following both targeted and untargeted approaches. This approach allowed us to better understand how mesoscale eddies impact the metabolome of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre during two cruises in 2017 and 2018. We find that many metabolites track biomass trends, but metabolites like isethionic acid, homarine, and trigonelline linked to eukaryotic phytoplankton were enriched at the deep chlorophyll maximum of the cyclonic features, while degradation products such as arsenobetaine were enriched in anticyclones. In every analysis, the metabolites with the strongest responses were identified using LC-MS through untargeted metabolomics approaches, highlighting that the molecules most sensitive to environmental perturbation were not among the previously characterized metabolome. By analyzing depth variability (accounting for 20-40% of metabolomic variability across ~150 meters) and the vertical displacement of isopycnal surfaces (explaining 10-20% of variability across a sea level anomaly range of 40 centimeters and a spatial distance of 300 kilometers), this analysis constrains the importance of mesoscale eddies in shaping the chemical composition of particulate matter in the largest biomes on the planet.
Cross-checking OSL ages from different grain sizes to improve chronological reliability in deltaic environments: an example from the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Nian Xiaomei , Zhang Weiguo , Qiu Fengyue
Published: December 2024

The Yangtze River Delta has experienced intricate sedimentary and environmental changes throughout the Holocene, driven by the interplay of fluvial and marine forcings. This study presents quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages and luminescence sensitivity data from a Holocene sediment core MQ, analyzed across four grain-size fractions, ranging from silt to sand. The results reveal substantial variability in OSL ages and sensitivity among grain sizes, with the medium-grain (45–63 μm) fraction yielding the most consistent and reliable results. In contrast, finer and coarser grains tend to overestimate ages due to incomplete bleaching, with the accurate dating of coarser grains requiring more aliquots or single-grain measurements. The variability in luminescence sensitivity reflects changes in sediment provenance and depositional conditions between estuarine and deltaic environments. OSL ages indicate that the sedimentary evolution of the Yangtze River Delta progressed through distinct phases: rapid accumulation during the early Holocene (10–7 ka) driven by rising sea level and valley infilling; reduced sedimentation during the middle Holocene (7–3 ka) related to a dry climate in the catchment; and accelerated deposition in the late Holocene (3 ka–present) associated with enhanced fluvial input linked to intensified human activities. This study highlights the importance of selecting suitable appropriate grain sizes and carefully comparing different fractions in OSL analysis to reconstruct deltaic chronologies accurately. The finding that the medium-grain fraction yields more reliable OSL ages than finer and coarser fractions should be tested in similar settings elsewhere. The results provide valuable insights for future research on complex depositional environments and contribute to a better understanding of long-term environmental changes.
How does head position affect laryngeal vision with a video laryngeal mask airway?
Authors: Castillo-Monzón Caridad G. , Marroquín-Valz Hugo Antonio , Gaszynski Tomasz , Cayuela Manuel , Orozco Javier , Ratajczyk Pawel
Published: December 2024

Background

The Laryngeal Mask Airway Vision Mask (LMA VM) is a supraglottic airway device (SAD) with a vision guidance system. The ideal head and neck position for direct laryngoscopy is known, but the ideal position for placing a LMA is not. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the optimal position for placement of a video laryngeal mask airway.

Methods

This prospective, observational, transversal, and analytical study was performed in 72 consecutive patients. In the same patient, laryngeal vision was first assessed with the head and neck in the sniffing position and then with the head in the neutral position. Procedures were performed by the same investigator. The assessment of the laryngeal view was performed using two classifications: Cormack–Lehane classification and Brimacombe classification. The placement of the device was considered adequate when the Cormack–Lehane rating was between 1 and 2 and the Brimacombe rating between 2 and 4.

Results

In this study, 72 patients participated. In the assessment of the glottis using the Cormack-Lehane classification for fibre-optic view, laryngeal visibility was adequate in 64 (88.89%) patients in the neutral position and in 65 (90, 28%) patients in the sniffing position (p > 0.05). In the fibre-optic view of the glottis, evaluated using the Brimacombe classification, laryngeal visibility was adequate in 68 (93%) patients in the neutral position and in 69 (95%) patients in the sniffing position (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of success between the sniffing position (70 patients, 97.22% success rate) and the neutral position (67 patients, 93.06% success rate) during the first insertion attempt. Two patients required a second attempt in the sniffing position, while five patients required a second attempt in the neutral position.

Conclusion

An adequate sniffing position did not result in a better glottic view than the neutral position. Additional manoeuvres were equal in both positions. The head–neck position does not influence on the placement of a third-generation SAD.
Case report: Canadian consensus on chlormethine gel use in mycosis fungoides-CTCL: literature review and real-world experience
Authors: Litvinov Ivan V. , Abu-Hilal Mohannad , Alhusayen Raed , Delisle Bernard , Dutz Jan , Guénin Sophie , Ho Vincent , Kirchhof Mark G. , Pehr Kevin , Roberge David
Published: December 2024

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), representing the majority of all lymphomas arising in the skin. The disease treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing disease evolution. To date, there is no gold standard for MF-CTCL treatment. Chlormethine, a DNA alkylating agent, is a long-known treatment for CTCL. The new chlormethine 0.02% gel (CL-gel) formulation provides proven efficacy and ease of application, improving patient compliance and outcome. The current consensus paper and real-world experience with CL-gel in the treatment of early-stage MF-CTCL may help meet the unmet need for treatments in Canada. A modified Delphi process comprised a virtual meeting and an online follow-up. A panel of 9 board-certified dermatologists with expertise in cutaneous lymphoma and 1 radiation oncologist discussed the systematic literature review results, drew from clinical experience and the opinion of the panel to adopt and agree on five consensus statements. The panel shared real-world patient cases to illustrate the use of chlormethine gel in a variety of patients across Canada. Five real-world patient cases were provided to illustrate the panels’ use of chlormethine gel.
Biobanks and data interoperability in Latin America: engendering high-quality evidence for the global research ecosystem
Authors: Valdés Erick , Lecaros Juan Alberto
Published: December 2024

Currently, each biobank in Latin America operates with its own set of standards for database creation and management, resulting in a lack of regional and international interoperability. Furthermore, regulations concerning data protection, curation, and the transfer of biological samples and associated data vary significantly from country to country, by complicating efforts to create a unified data-sharing platform. To address these challenges, Latin America should promote the development of an integrated regional network of biobanks to generate high-quality evidence within the global research ecosystem. This initiative will combine regulatory science—focused on interoperability standards across semantic, technical, legal, and organizational dimensions—and meta-science, which assesses the quality of scientific practice. Evidence indicates that harmonized standards in biobanks lead to higher-quality, more reliable data, thereby facilitating the reproducibility of scientific studies. This paper aims to identify and address existing regulatory, policy, and infrastructure gaps in Latin America to establish harmonized interoperability criteria essential for reproducing biomedical studies. Additionally, it seeks to propose minimum standards for regulating biobank networks, which will promote the development of medical products on a global scale, thereby engendering high quality evidence for the global research ecosystem and enhancing Latin America’s integration into it.
Exploring the causal relationship of gut microbiota in nonunion: a Mendelian randomization analysis mediated by immune cell
Authors: Yu Yun-fei , Gong Hai-Feng , Li Wei-Ju , Wu Mao , Hu Gang
Published: December 2024

Background

Emerging research indicates that gut microbiota (GM) are pivotal in the regulation of immune-mediated bone diseases. Nonunion, a bone metabolic disorder, has an unclear causal relationship with GM and immune cells. This study aims to elucidate the causal relationship between GM and nonunion using Mendelian Randomization (MR) and to explore the mediating role of immune cells.

Methods

Using a two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization approach, this study explores the causal link between GM and nonunion, as well as the mediating role of immune cells in this relationship. Data were sourced from multiple cohorts and consortiums, including the MiBioGen consortium. GM data were derived from a recently published dataset of 473 gut microbiota, and nonunion data were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Results

MR analysis identified 12 bacterial genera with protective effects against nonunion and seven bacterial genera associated with a higher risk of nonunion, including Agathobacter sp000434275, Aureimonas, Clostridium M, Lachnospirales, Megamonas funiformis, and Peptoccia. Reverse MR analysis indicated that nonunion does not influence GM. Additionally, MR analysis identified 12 immune cell types positively associated with nonunion and 14 immune cell types negatively associated with nonunion. Building on these findings, we conducted mediation MR analysis to identify 24 crucial GM and immune cell-mediated relationships affecting nonunion. Notably, Campylobacter D, Megamonas funiformis, Agathobacter sp000434275, Lachnospirales, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, and Clostridium M significantly regulated nonunion through multiple immune cell characteristics.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, our research results are the first to emphasize a causal relationship between the gut microbiome and nonunion, potentially mediated by immune cells. The correlations and mediation effects identified in our study provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome, informing global action plans.
Regulation of intestinal flora by Suaeda salsa extract ameliorates hyperglycemia in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yin Xuemei , Sui Yinzi , Chu Zhengyan , Han Suqing , Ge Xiaodong , Liu Tingting , Zeng Feng , Chen Ligen , Shao Rong , Xu Wei
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often leads to elevated blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism disorder, which is generally accompanied by dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolic dysfunction.

Methods

In this study, a mouse model of T2DM was established by feeding a high-fat/sucrose diet combined with injecting a low dose of streptozotocin. The aim of this study was to analyze the regulatory effect of Suaeda salsa extract (SSE) on T2DM and its effect on the intestinal flora of mice.

Results

The results showed that SSE could significantly improve the body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), area under the curve (AUC) of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycosylated serum protein (GSP) and islet function index. Moreover, 4-week body weight, FBG, AUC of OGTT, GSP, as well as intestinal acetic and butyric acid were significantly better in the SSE-L than in the MET group (p < 0.05). In addition, it was also found that the potential hypoglycemic mechanism of SSE was related to the expression of Akt serine/threonine kinase (AKT-1) and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) genes. Compared with the model group, SSE intervention significantly increased the abundance of probiotics, such as Soleaferrea, Alloprevotella, Lactobacillus and Faecalibaculum, while decreasing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Phocaeicola and Bilophila. Analysis of the correlation among intestinal microbiota, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the hypoglycemic index showed that Dwaynesavagella was significantly correlated with acetic, propionic and butyric acid, as well as all the diabetes-related indexes analyzed in this study.

Discussion

Thus, this taxon can potentially be used as a microbiological marker of type 2 diabetes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that SSE can alleviate T2DM and its complications by improving glycemia-related indicators and modulating the structure of intestinal flora.
Acetyl-L-carnitine ameliorates atherosclerosis in LDLR−/− mice by modulating cholesterol metabolism through SREBP2-dependent cholesterol biosynthesis
Authors: Xing Jingci , Du Zhiyong , Li Fan , Wang Yu , Zhang Zihan , Gao Xiaoqian , Han Lijie , Sun Xuechun , Sun Haili , Du Yunhui , Hu Chaowei , Yu Huahui , Qin Yanwen
Published: December 2024

Background

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of mortality globally. Hypercholesterolemia accelerates atherosclerotic development and is an independent modifiable risk factor for ASCVD. Reducing cholesterol levels is effective in preventing ASCVD. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is an endogenous molecule that plays a primary role in energy metabolism; however, its effect on cholesterol metabolism remains unclear.

Methods

We collected plasma samples and clinical data from 494 individuals with hyperlipidemia. Targeted metabolomics were used to measure plasma ALC levels and explore the association of ALC with clinical cholesterol levels. Additionally, we explored the effects of ALC in cholesterol levels and cholesterol metabolism in a murine hypercholesterolemia model. An LDLR−/− mouse-based atherosclerotic model was established to investigate the roles of ALC on atherosclerotic progression.

Results

Plasma ALC concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels (r = −0.43, p < 0.0001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; r = −0.53, p < 0.0001). Incorporating ALC into the diet significantly reduced plasma TC and LDL-C levels, downregulated genes involved in cholesterol synthesis, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, and upregulated low-density lipoprotein receptor expression. ALC supplementation substantially lowered plasma TC levels and inhibited atherosclerosis in LDLR−/− mice.

Conclusion

ALC reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation by lowering plasma cholesterol levels via suppression of SREBP2-mediated cholesterol synthesis, thus suggesting that ALC is a potential therapeutic target for ASCVD.