bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatores determinantes na procura de cuidados de saúde a um SUB, por utentes de uma USF
Authors:   USF Novo Norte, Ferreira Bárbara Duarte , Neto Carolina Pais ,   USF Novo Norte, Loureiro Rodrigo ,   USF Novo Norte, Almeida Cátia ,   USF Novo Norte
Published: November 2024

Introdução: A compreensão dos determinantes na procura de cuidados de saúde irá contribuir para uma melhor organização dos serviços de saúde, promovendo uma melhoria na qualidade de atuação dos serviços e dos profissionais de saúde. Objetivo: Perceber quais os fatores determinantes na procura de cuidados de saúde por utentes da Unidade de Saúde Familiar (USF) Novo Norte, na escolha do Serviço de Urgência Básica (SUB) em detrimento dos cuidados de saúde primários (CSP). Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, durante o mês de fevereiro/2023, através da aplicação de um questionário aos utentes inscritos na USF Novo Norte com atendimento no SUB/Arouca. Após análise descritiva, as variáveis foram comparadas utilizando o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: Verificou-se um predomínio de utentes do género feminino, com média de idades 47,52 anos e profissionalmente ativos; uma maior recorrência ao SUB durante a semana e de manhã; um predomínio de utentes que se dirigiram ao SUB por iniciativa própria, com sintomas a surgir nos últimos três dias e cujos principais motivos incluem a autoperceção de urgência e o atendimento hospitalar imediato. Apesar de a maioria considerar saber as situações nas quais deve recorrer à consulta aberta (CA), 21% dos utentes responderam inadequadamente e 66% não procuraram CA. Por fim, 61,87% estavam isentos de taxas moderadoras, o que se relaciona de forma estatisticamente significativa com o número de idas ao SUB. Discussão: A USF Novo Norte e o SUB/Arouca localizam-se no mesmo edifício, pelo que a dificuldade no acesso aos CSP não corresponde ao único motivo explicativo. Mantém-se uma conceção desinformada acerca dos CSP e dos cuidados prestados. Conclusão: É essencial a educação e consciencialização da população para a importância de recorrer primariamente aos cuidados de proximidade e na sensibilização para a utilização adequada dos SU.
Evolução dos cuidados de saúde primários em Portugal: lições aprendidas e perspetivas futuras
Authors:   USF Carvalhido, Beça Deolinda Chaves , Pereira António Luz ,   USF Prelada, Azevedo Miguel ,   USF Arca d’Água, Antunes José Pedro ,   USF Arte Nova
Published: November 2024

A reforma dos cuidados de saúde primários (CSP) em Portugal, iniciada em 2007 com a criação das Unidades de Saúde Familiar (USF) e dos Agrupamentos de Centros de Saúde (ACeS), representou um marco na reestruturação do Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS). A implementação das Unidades Locais de Saúde (ULS), em 2024, apresenta, contudo, desafios e incertezas que requerem uma abordagem baseada em evidências. A análise das expectativas dos profissionais de saúde evidenciou preocupações como a limitação da autonomia das USF e a distribuição desigual de investimentos entre os cuidados primários e secundários, sublinhando a necessidade de um diálogo transparente no processo de reforma do SNS. A falta de envolvimento dos profissionais de saúde nas decisões sobre as ULS, sem uma abordagem bottom-up, compromete a aceitação e a eficácia do modelo. A representação adequada dos médicos de família nos pontos de decisão dos CSP é essencial para assegurar a concretização das suas competências de gestão. A legislação que permite a nomeação de dois diretores clínicos nas ULS e a consequente perda de autonomia dos CSP são desafios que exigem medidas proativas para salvaguardar a eficácia destas unidades. A tendência para replicar modelos de gestão hospitalar, sem considerar as especificidades dos CSP, e a perda de liderança no Plano de Recuperação e Resiliência (PRR) comprometem a cultura organizacional e o desempenho dos CSP. Para garantir a eficácia e a qualidade dos CSP nas ULS é essencial envolver os profissionais, fortalecer a direção clínica e proteger a integridade e autonomia das equipas de saúde familiar. A criação dos ACeS, I.P., surge como uma alternativa viável, conferindo autonomia administrativa e promovendo a eficiência dos CSP. Estas ações devem ser orientadas por uma abordagem participativa e um compromisso com a melhoria contínua do SNS e o bem-estar dos cidadãos portugueses.
Henrique Botelho: o médico e o cidadão
Authors:   ACeS Porto Ocidental, Vilas Boas Bernardo
Published: November 2024

Convidado a escrever sobre o legado do Henrique Botelho para a Revista de MGF aceitei o desafio, embora consciente de que este é apenas um testemunho, o meu olhar, sobre o médico, o amigo e o cidadão. Os familiares, a começar pela Maria João, também nossa colega, as duas filhas, a Mariana e a Teresinha, outros familiares, os amigos, todos os que com ele trabalharam e conviveram, da área da saúde, da cultura e da cidadania, têm seguramente outros e importantes testemunhos sobre a sua vida e o seu digno percurso pessoal, profissional, cultural, político e social. Henrique Botelho nasceu em Vila do Conde, morou em Pedras Rubras e depois viveu em Braga, mas o coração é do Porto.
A Historical to Future Perspective of Monkeypox Virus and Future Immunotherapeutics
Authors: Brown Brent
Published: November 2024

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) isolation occurred in 1958, with previously non–endemic areas initially announced in 2003, with the second epidemic occurring in 2022. The third announcement occurred in 2024 was confirmed by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The second MPXV outbreak was found to be a lineage derived from clade IIb named the B1 strain; however, between 2023-2024, clade I and clade II MPXV strains are known to have sub–lineages with potential apparence of co–circulation. Historically, the now extinct variola virus (VARV) used to occur in two characterised types (minor / major), with the latter the causal agent of smallpox disease in severity. MPXV was also characterised into two clades (clade I/II), and further lineages with similar differential infection fatality rate (IFR) previously. Existing therapeutics were evaluated since 1796 and are considered further in this review as prophylactic or post–exposure prophylactics. These were investigated through homology of proteins between both MPXV and VARV since the second was eradicated. This review has three objectives. Firstly, an analysis of the epidemiology of the current MPXV outbreak, in context with other poxviruses. The second encompasses historical development of therapeutics to the above two, whilst the third spans potential future cancer therapeutics arising through investigational new drug developmental research since vaccinia virus (VACV) complete genome sequencing occurred in the 1990s.
Gravitation Due to Scalar Potentials and Black Holes
Authors: Titleman Mark
Published: November 2024

This paper argues that the universe possesses two scalar potentials similar to those proposed by E.T. Whittaker in which waveforms travel longitudinally. It is proposed that these scalar potentials form through black holes, creating normal transverse electromagnetic radiation as well as gravity. This opens up new avenues for understanding the universe and black holes while applying parsimonious explanations to dark matter theories. Charge is envisioned as a widespread mechanical intermediate in the form of the scalar potentials, thus implying that the universe is similar to an atom. An important speed limit is determined and the critical MOND acceleration is derived using the Rydberg constant.
Technological prototype with artificial intelligence for military security in river environments
Authors: Sánchez Sergio , Casillo Daniel , Merlano Andres , Barrera Julian , Morales Alex , Contreras Elbert
Published: November 2024

Maritime and river security is one of the main concerns of military forces due to the large number of illicit activities that occur. Not to mention the extensive areas that must be monitored, and the weather conditions that can occur. Currently, technologies have become fundamental to leave aside manual surveillance for intelligent systems that allow remote sensing, traffic control, and object detection. Based on the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this research was to design a technological prototype with artificial vision based on an artificial intelligence model to detect water vessels and people in river environments as a support tool for military security. The prototype used at hardware level a Raspberry Pi 3 card and four pre-trained models based on R-CNN, YOLO, EfficientDet and SSD (single shot multibox). The best-performing model was the Mobilnet V2 SSD, with an mAP of 0.83 and an FPS of 5. Finally, this tool can contribute to strengthening the strategic, tactical, and operational capabilities of actors in the military intelligence sector, aimed at protecting sovereignty and territorial integrity to establish an environment of security in society.
Penerapan Canggih Lora SX1278 Pada Senjata Robot Pengaman Guna Telekontrol Yang Inovatif
Authors: Herlukman Syafrian , Widiatmoko Dekki , Kholid Fajar
Published: November 2024

Konflik bersenjata di Papua yang sering terjadi membuat Papua berpredikat nomor 1 paling banyak terjadi konflik bersenjata di Wilayah Indonesia. Banyak orang mengklaim bahwa pelaku utama disetiap konflik bersenjata yang telah terjadi di Papua adalah Kelompok Kriminal Bersenjata (KKB). KKB sering melakukan aksi teror terhadap warga. Tidak hanya warga disekitar, namun juga para Personel TNI dan POLRI yang bertugas di Papua tidak luput dari serangan KKB. Terkadang Serangan KKB juga mentargetkan Pos Militer atau Pos Jaga. Kondisi Pos jaga yang belum terdapat teknologi apapun membuat serangan yang dilancarkan oleh KKB sulit diantisipasi. Jika terjadi serangan yang mentargetkan Pos, antisipasi serangan mengandalkan kesigapan personel yang bertugas. Kondisi ini dirasa perlu untuk menghadirkan teknologi dalam mengantisipasi serangan pada Pos Jaga.  Penulis berkeinginan menghadirkan robot penjaga sebagai jawaban atas permasalahan yang terjadi. Robot penjaga yang diusulkan ini terintegrasikan dengan senjata SS2. Tembakan dari robot penjaga dapat dikendali secara jarak jauh. Kendali jarak jauh dari robot tersebut mengimplementasikan modul Lora Sx1278 yang diklaim dapat menjangkau hingga 500 meter. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah banyaknya data memberikan pengaruh terhadap delay pengiriman. Delay terendah pada pengujian ke 10 dengan data yang dikirim sebanyak 10 kata dengan rata-rata delay dari 10x pengujian adalah 531 ms, sedangkan delay terendah pada pengujian ke 1 dengan data yang dikirim sebanyak 1 kata dengan rata-rata delay dari 10x pengujian adalah 81 ms. Pada pengujian Jarak pengiriman data pada modul lora SX1278 pada kondisi LOS menghasilkan jarak terbaik sebesar 350 meter, sedangkan pada kondisi NLOS pada jarak 100 meter.
EMERGING TRENDS OF FUNDING SOURCES SMES WITH BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Sulaiman Haryaman Justisia , Depayanti Ligwina
Published: November 2024

The difficulty for SMEs is access to capital, which has been persistently tough; nonetheless, a solution is attainable. The paper presents an extensive bibliometric analysis of research trends and thematic development in funding sources for micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs), specifically concentrating on the timeframe from 2013 to 2024. It underscores the growing interest in innovative financing mechanisms such as equity crowdfunding, fintech, and digital finance, which are becoming essential for MSME funding. Traditional funding sources like bank loans and venture capital continue to be pertinent. However, there needs to be a discernible transition towards technology-enabled financing. The research highlights SMEs' difficulties in obtaining financing due to rigorous banking criteria, particularly in Indonesia. It proposes new study avenues centered on emergent subjects such as crowdfunding and the interaction between fintech and regulation. The results underscore the necessity for enhanced finance access and support systems to support SME growth and competitiveness.
Carbon Sequestration Assessment Using Satellite Data and GIS at Chiang Mai Rajabhat University
Authors:   Department of Geography and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Thailand, Samphutthanont Ratchaphon , Suppawimut Worawit ,   Department of Geography and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Thailand, Kitthitinan Phathranit ,   Department of Geography and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Thailand, Promsopha Kitisak ,   Asian Air Quality Operations Center by Space Technology, Geoinformatics and Environmental Engineering (AiroTEC), Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Thailand
Published: November 2024

This study conducted a project to assess carbon sequestration in the forest area of Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Mae Rim Campus, covering a total area of approximately 5,600 rai, with about 75% consisting of dry dipterocarp forest. The Sentinel-2 satellite data from 2019 to 2023 were used to analyze and classify forest density using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). It was classified into four NDVI levels: highest, high, moderate, and low. Then, eight sample plots were distributed across all density levels to collect field data on tree species, number of trees, height, and diameter. The biomass and carbon sequestration in the sample plots showed a strong correlation with vegetation density, with the highest average correlation in February, particularly on February 13, 2023, showing the highest correlation coefficient of 0.817. This relationship is described by the equation y=78.601x‒25.726, indicating that this model is effective for estimating carbon sequestration. The analysis revealed that the area with the highest NDVI level of dry dipterocarp forest had the highest above-ground carbon sequestration rate of 16.25 tons per rai, whereas the forest with the lowest NDVI level had an above-ground carbon sequestration rate of 0.21 tons per rai. In total, the above-ground carbon sequestration for the trees amounted to 50,907.35 tons. This preliminary assessment serves as a promising foundation for future efforts the conservation and restoration of the university’s forest area, contributing to sustainable strategies for mitigating global warming.
Peningkatkan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Siswa dengan Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) Terbimbing Materi Produksi Massal Kelas XII TPL
Authors: Muginah  , Santosa Budi
Published: November 2024

Pada penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran produk kreatif dan kewirausahaan kelas XII Teknik Pengelasan (TPL) dengan menggunakan model siklus oleh Kemmis & MC Taggart yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus dengan dua kali pertemuan untuk setiap siklus. Teknik analisa data menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII TPL yang berjumlah 33 siswa. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran PjBL Terbimbing pada mata pelajaran produk kreatif dan kewirausahaan dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XII TPL. Peningkatan keaktifan ini dapat dilihat dari indikator keaktifan. Berdasarkan seluruh indikator yang telah diamati peningkatan keaktifan siswa pada siklus I menunjukkan rata-rata persentase keaktifan siswa sebesar 70,23% , pada siklus II menunjukkan rata-rata persentase keaktifan siswa sebesar 84.77%. Maka, peningkatan rata-rata keaktifan belajar siswa meningkat sebesar 14.47%. Penerapan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning Terbimbing pada mata pelajaran Produk Kreatif dan Kewirusahaan (PKK) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Hal tersebut berdasarkan hasil tes belajar dari siklus I menunjukkan persentase ketuntasan sebesar 63,64% dengan rata-rata nilai siswa mencapai 73,79 dan 21 siswa sudah mencapai nilai Kreteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM). Pada siklus II persentase ketuntasan belajar meningkat mencapai 100% dengan rata-rata nilai sebesar 82,27 dan jumlah siswa yang mencapai nilai KKM sebanyak 33 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa dengan model pembelajaran PjBL Terbimbing pada mata pelajaran PKK di SMK Negeri 1 Kaligondang.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Memasang Baju Berkancing Menggunakan Video Tutorial Pada Anak Disabilitas Intelektual
Authors: Mawita Siska , Setia Budi  , Iswari Mega , Zulmiyetri Zulmiyetri
Published: November 2024

Penelitian dilatarbelakangi dari permasalahan yang ditemukan di kelas IV SLB Negeri 2 Pariaman yang masih belum mampu memasang baju berkancing dengan benar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan memasang baju berkancing melalui video tutorial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen berbentuk Single Subject Research (SSR). Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Desain A-B. Desain A-B terdiri dari 2 Kondisi yaitu Baseline (A1) dan B (Intervensi). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan dalam 12 kali pertemuan, yaitu pada kondisi Baseline (A1) dengan presentase 33%,33%,33%,33%. Pada Kondisi Intervensi (B) dengan presentase 42%, 42%, 50%, 58%, 67%, 83%, 83%, 83%. Berdasarkan hasil presentase penelitian tersebut dan analisis data baik dalam kondisi dan antar kondisi Video Tutorial dapat meningkatkan kemampuan memasang baju berkancing bagi anak disabilitas intelektual ringan kelas IV di SLB Negeri 2 Pariaman.
Comparing Hip Muscle Imbalances of Professional Football Players and Ordinary People
Authors:   Department of Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Naseh Mohammad , Daneshmandi Hassan ,   Department of Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Mottaghitalab Mohammad ,   Department of Biomechanics and Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims Muscle strength is one of the main factors in athletic success, injury prevention, and optimal rehabilitation for injured athletes. Also, the symmetry of the muscle strength ratio is fundamental to maintaining force-producing torques. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate and compare hip muscle imbalances in football athletes and normal individuals. Methods The current research is causal-comparative. Fifteen football players and 15 normal healthy individuals volunteered for the study. Then, their flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor and internal and external rotator strengths were assessed using a hand-held strength test. Results The present study showed a significant difference in the ratios of extensor to flexor muscle strength, adductor to abductor, and internal to external rotator strength between the dominant and non-dominant thigh (P<0.05). In addition, significant differences were observed in thigh muscle strength between football players and ordinary people (P<0.05). Conclusion According to the results of the present study, the nature of football in greater use of the dominant leg can lead to an imbalance in the strength ratio of the agonist and antagonist muscles in the hip joint between the dominant and non-dominant limbs. Therefore, it is recommended that corrective exercises and movements be used for the antagonist part that caused an imbalance in muscle strength to reduce the possibility of injury in the future.
Predicting Adherence to Treatment in the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Based on Interpersonal Conflicts and Self-compassion
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Akbari Nazi , Pashmdarfard Marzieh ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Manuchehri Mehdi ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Amini Malek ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mirzakhani Araghi Navid ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims Treatment adherence is a key factor in improving patient safety and the quality of care according to the needs of older people. Non-adherence prevents older adults from accessing the best treatment, and this issue may be especially problematic in chronic medical conditions. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the relationship between interpersonal conflicts and self-compassion with treatment adherence in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. Methods The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. The study’s statistical population included all older people with type 2 diabetes referred to the endocrinology clinic of the fifth district of Tehran City, Iran, during the first 6 months of 2023. Based on the formula of Tabachnick and Fidell (2007), 138 people were randomly selected as a sample. In this research, Rahim’s standard interpersonal conflict resolution style questionnaire, self-compassion scale, and treatment adherence questionnaire were used. Finally, the data was entered into SPSS software, version 26 to check the correlation between the variables, and the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used simultaneously to analyze the data. Results This research showed that interpersonal conflicts predict 29.9% and self-compassion 26.5% of changes in treatment adherence. Among these, the components of interpersonal conflict styles included integrity (r=0.24), avoidant (r=-0.33), and required (r=-0.17), and the components of self-compassion, including self-kindness (r=0.24), avoiding self-judgment (r=0.21) and absence of over-identification (r=0.17) can predict treatment compliance in older people with type 2 diabetes Conclusion This research has shown that interpersonal conflicts and self-compassion have a positive and significant relationship with treatment adherence in older people with type 2 diabetes and can predict treatment compliance in these older people.
Revolutionizing Supply Chain : The Synergy of Warehouse Management and Data Analytics
Authors: KarthikSai Chenna
Published: November 2024

This article examines the transformative impact of integrating data analytics with warehouse management in modern supply chains. It explores how this synergy is revolutionizing inventory management, order fulfillment, and customer service across industries. The article discusses key elements of effective warehouse management, including optimal space utilization, efficient inventory control, and timely order processing. It then delves into how data analytics elevates these functions through inventory optimization, real-time monitoring, and predictive analytics. Case studies from e-commerce and manufacturing sectors illustrate real-world applications and benefits. Finally, the competitive advantages gained through enhanced operational efficiency, cost reduction, and improved service levels are analyzed, highlighting the critical role of this integration in shaping the future of supply chain management.
Unlocking whistleblower protection: legal basis to be aware of
Authors: Абдулкерім-Османович С. , Казіч-Закар Е.
Published: November 2024

Hardly any negative social phenomenon is as specific as corruption, which creates an intriguing paradox in law. In particular, there is no phenomenon that is mentioned more often on a daily basis, even in colloquial speech, than corruption; there is no group of criminal offences (corruption) that the whole society knows more about; there is no legal topic on which legal scholars and practitioners are more in agreement on the criminal law consequences that corruption creates and are not willing to prevent it by creating various models of its prevention; and, again, many countries are constantly failing in the fight against it. Many people improve their perception of corruption only as the situation worsens. This paradox gives rise to a vision of corruption as an intractable, powerful giant, present since ancient times, with obvious obstacles that cannot be removed even in the most developed countries. Against this backdrop, it is important to ask, and this article attempts to answer, what role whistleblowers can play in the fight against corruption and whether their more effective protection can play an important role in protecting society from corruption. This study explores the recognition of whistleblowers' importance in these efforts, including the basis and nature of their legislative protection, through a legal analysis of selected regional and international legal sources that directly or indirectly refer to whistleblowers and their protection. The analysis shows that most of these sources indicate the importance of achieving the three whistleblower protection mechanisms. To achieve the above goals, regulatory and descriptive legal methods will be used.
The local wisdom approach in resolving non-performing loans at traditional village credit institution in Bali: a case study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Путрі Л. П. Р. Л. , Нурджайя А. Н. , Деві А. Ш. К.
Published: November 2024

This study explores the role of local wisdom in managing non-performing loans (NPLs) within Village Credit Institutions (VCDs) in Bali during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a case study approach, the research examines the effectiveness of traditional mechanisms such as awig-awig (customary law) and pararem (community agreements) in maintaining social cohesion and addressing financial challenges. Through qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews with key stakeholders and document analysis, the study seeks to understand how these customary practices contribute to resolving NPLs. The findings indicate that local wisdom fosters community engagement and dialogue, offering temporary solutions to financial problems during crises. These traditional mechanisms promote a sense of collective responsibility and help maintain social harmony by facilitating discussions between debtors and VCDs. However, the research also highlights several limitations. While effective in the short term, local wisdom struggles to enforce sanctions and provide long-term resolutions, especially during severe economic downturns like the pandemic. This issue is compounded by external factors such as Bali’s heavy reliance on tourism, which makes the local economy highly vulnerable to global disruptions. The lack of digital infrastructure and the absence of integrated government support further intensify the challenges faced by VCDs in managing NPLs.
The study concludes that while local wisdom remains a valuable tool for crisis management, its effectiveness is constrained in times of prolonged financial instability. For VCDs to achieve long-term sustainability and resilience in future crises, it is essential to integrate traditional practices with modern financial systems. Additionally, stronger government support, including digital infrastructure development and comprehensive financial regulations, is crucial to ensure the sustainability of VCDs. This combination of traditional and modern strategies can help VCDs navigate future economic challenges more effectively and safeguard their role in the local economy.
The main aspects of militia reorganisation in the early 1960s
Authors: Grechenko V. A.
Published: November 2024

The article highlights the main directions of militia transformation after the 1962 reorganisation of the republican Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR into the republican Ministry of Public Order Protection of the USSR. This transformation was not a simple change of name of this institution and its local bodies. This transformation was in line with the political and ideological views of the then leadership of the state. In fact, it was a change in the concept of law enforcement. According to the leaders of the state, in the context of the “widespread construction of communism”, the main task of the militia was to protect public order with the support of the active part of the population. It was unreasonably believed that crime in the country would steadily decrease, so the scope of militia activities in this area would be less than before. It also envisaged a weakening of the punitive function of the state, less use of violence, and an emphasis on raising the cultural level of militia officers and the population. At the same time, the role of the militia in conducting preliminary investigations was increased, which indicated that the functions of the militia in combating crime were somewhat expanded. The main tasks of the Ministry of Public Order of the Ukrainian SSR are revealed: ensuring public order, preventing and solving crimes. The article shows how the following main methods of improving the work of the militia were implemented: strengthening control over the lives of militia officers outside of working hours; holding cultural and sports events, political agitation and propaganda; and individual training activities. The sphere of activity of the State Automobile Inspection was clarified and specified, which had a generally positive impact on improving road safety. Certain steps towards democratisation of the militia taken at this time did not mean that the Communist Party’s control over this body was weakened. The legal regulation of law enforcement activities remained, as before, entirely within the purview of the Communist Party and its local representatives.
Problems of applying incentives in civil law
Authors: Chalyi Yu. I.
Published: November 2024

The article notes that incentives are rarely used in civil law due to both objective and subjective reasons. The objective reason is the peculiarities of the law-regulatory methodology of civil law itself, but they are not an obstacle to the use of incentives in civil law. The specifics of the civil law methodology only determine a certain secondary importance of incentives as legal means of regulating civil relations, but do not exclude the possibility and necessity of their application in general. The subjective reasons are the lack of sufficiently developed general provisions in the civil law doctrine and the lack of provisions of similar content in civil law. Elimination of the latter two subjective obstacles will in the future allow intensifying the use of incentives in the self-regulation of civil relations. Based on the principles of freedom of contract and freedom of unilateral transactions, civil law subjects are free to choose the methods of regulating their relations. This freedom also applies to their choice of incentives as legal means of regulating their individual relations. Increased use of incentives in civil law should be expected primarily in self-regulatory relations.
The advantage of using incentives, as compared to the methods of ensuring proper performance of obligations (pledge, surety, retention, etc.), as well as measures of civil liability or other legal consequences, is that incentives are positive sanctions by their nature, i.e. a reward for making maximum efforts to achieve a certain legal result by the subject. This circumstance allows the parties to contractual legal relations to strengthen their ties and create an atmosphere of trust rather than suspicion. This is especially important for contractual relations in the business sector, where the duration of economic and legal relations is one of the determining factors of business success. The use of methods to ensure the proper fulfilment of contractual obligations, and even more so, measures of liability or other legal consequences for breach of obligations, generates negative tension or even leads to the termination of business relations.
Moral responsibility of public servants: the essence and directions of improvement
Authors: Muzychuk O. M.
Published: November 2024

It is indicated that the moral and ethical side of public servants’ activities is still “terra incognita” for both the national legislator and the scientific community. By comprehending the position of past thinkers, the understanding of the fundamental role of moral and ethical norms in shaping the doctrines of the essence of social responsibility, including such a dimension as moral responsibility, is formed.
The choice of one of the ethical norms of behaviour by a public servant is positioned as the quintessence of moral responsibility of public servants. The moral responsibility of public servants is an independent analytical and self-critical activity of a particular public servant based on his/her conscience, as well as on the system of moral and ethical coordinates formed at the level of established and supported by the management practices of daily activities of the staff of a particular public authority, local self-government body, civil society institution, which is embodied in the analysis of their own behaviour and its correlation with the proper moral standard of public servants’ activities. The essence of the moral standard itself is reduced to a model of generally accepted behaviour in Ukrainian society, formed on the basis of administrative and legal legislation, history of the national State-building, moral and ethical values laid down at the level of the principles of public administration, leading trends in scientific and technological progress, acceptable among the population of Ukraine, with due regard for the interests of the main national, racial, linguistic, religious and other minorities. The category of moral and ethical portrait of a public servant is proposed, which is understood as a set of organisational, managerial, institutional, financial instruments and mechanisms for disseminating opinions about a particular public servant and forming social perception at the level of the entire population or a certain part of it (service recipients, representatives of a region, field of activity, organisation) regarding the role, functions, purpose (vocation) and activities of such a public servant in general.
In order to introduce high moral standards into the activities of domestic public servants, the following areas of improvement of their activities in the context of moral responsibility are proposed: restructuring of public morality in the context of understanding the activities of whistleblowers; increasing the authority of public authorities; development and adoption of the Code of Ethics for Public Servants at the national level.
Application of specialised knowledge in the investigation of collaborative activitу: practical aspects
Authors: Husieva V. O. , Beseda S. M.
Published: November 2024

The article substantiates the position that in the course of investigation of collaboration activities, it is important to involve competent persons in criminal proceedings. The author emphasizes that digital traces have a significant evidentiary potential, which, based on the results of expert research, i.e., on the basis of the implementation of procedural forms of using special knowledge, become the basis for obtaining procedural sources of evidence in criminal proceedings. It is determined that it is inadmissible during the investigation to neglect the prospects of these forms of use of special knowledge or to neglect the stage of preparation for the appointment of these examinations. It is noted that this may lead to the loss of evidentiary potential of certain material and digital objects. In this regard, an indispensable condition at the stage of preparation for the appointment of these expert examinations is to take measures to collect comparative samples for expert examination, to record them procedurally in the criminal proceedings and to send a qualified expert authorised to conduct this type of expert examination in a timely manner.
Based on the study of law enforcement and expert practice and taking into account the provisions of theoretical research, the opportunities of modern expert research in proving the circumstances to be established in the course of investigation of collaboration activities are determined. Based on the results of the analysis of expert opinions, the study identifies typical mistakes that occur in the practical activities of pre-trial investigation bodies and provides recommendations for eliminating such shortcomings which affect the ability to solve expert tasks in particular and tactical tasks of investigation in general. Based on a generalisation of the expert examinations most often ordered in the course of investigation of collaboration activities, it is determined that comparative samples and objects sent for expert examination should be prepared, obtained and sometimes even manufactured in compliance with the following recommendations: 1) to ensure their receipt in the manner prescribed by the criminal procedural legislation; 2) to send for expert examination only those objects that meet the requirements of completeness and reliability, and in the case of portrait and handwriting examination – also comparison; 3) to seek advice from a forensic expert in the absence of the initiator of the expert examination of the necessary knowledge of the peculiarities of the preparation of comparative samples, as well as other information that should be communicated to the future expert.
Substantive components of forensic characterisation of interference with the activities of public authorities
Authors: Popov V. Yu.
Published: November 2024

The article substantiates the thesis that criminalisation of interference with the activities of public authorities is a natural step towards the development of a democratic and rule-of-law state, and even more so in the current realities of Ukraine's state and legal development. The article emphasises the importance of ensuring the effectiveness of investigation of these criminal offences. It is indicated that the development of practical recommendations for their investigation requires taking into account a number of informative factors, in particular, those which find their external manifestation in the mechanism of criminal activity.
Based on the results of generalisation of the substantive components of the mechanism of interference with the activities of representatives of public authorities (unlawful influence or obstruction of activities), the substantive elements of the criminalistic characterisation of criminal offences of this group are identified. It is proposed to distinguish among them: 1) peculiarities of the situation, time and place of the interference; 2) typical traces of illegal activities aimed at interfering with the victim’s activities – representative of the state authority; 3) methods of interference with the activities of public authorities; 4) characteristic features of the victim of interference with activities – representative of the state authority, information about his/her type of activity, official position, functional responsibilities, information about the immediate supervisor, etc.; 5) information about the identity of the offender, motives and purpose of interference with the victim's activities – representative of the state authority, etc.
The characteristics of each identified element is provided. It is emphasised that the characteristics inherent in each element of the forensic characteristic of interference with the activities of representatives of public authorities, determined on the basis of the analysis of investigative and judicial practice, should be taken into account when developing other elements of the forensic methodology for investigating this group of criminal offences.
Features of the interrogation tactics of a suspect in illegal fishing, hunting, or other aquatic resource exploitation
Authors: Stadnichenko R. O.
Published: November 2024

The article discusses interrogation tactics of a suspect involved in illegal fishing, hunting, or other aquatic resource exploitation, necessitating the formation of specific tactical recommendations regarding the conduct of interrogations of suspects in criminal proceedings of this category. Based on an analysis of pre-trial investigation practices and scientific literature, the author proposes detailed specifications of the main provisions of interrogation tactics of suspects during the investigation of illegal fishing, hunting, or other aquatic resource exploitation.
It is established that the peculiarities of interrogating a suspect during the investigation of illegal fishing, hunting, or other aquatic resource exploitation primarily depend on the situation of this investigative action. That is, whether the person wishes to testify or not. The article also distinguishes between conflict and non-conflict situations in interrogating suspects of these categories of criminal offenses.
The author outlines typical investigative situations during the interrogation of suspects in the article and proposes a vision for resolving problematic situations during suspect interrogation based on an analysis of investigative practice and scientific literature.
The article establishes that the successful conduct of interrogation of suspects involved in illegal fishing, hunting, or other aquatic resource exploitation is based on three main factors: a) the psychological process of forming testimonies; b) establishing contact with the person being interrogated; c) skillful application of interrogation tactics considering the situation that arises during the investigative action.
Some issues of improving the activities of the National Police of Ukraine and local self-government bodies regarding law enforcement at the local level under martial law
Authors: Buhaichuk K. L.
Published: November 2024

The publication highlights the issues of improving the organisation of the work of community police officers and district police inspectors in preventing and combating crime in the territory of service. The importance of implementing security audits of territories and buildings into the activities of community police officers and district police inspectors is proved. Security audits are the main tool that community police officers or district police inspectors can use to identify local security problems specific to a particular area or facilities, identify ways to address relevant risks and threats, and engage all stakeholders in working together to improve their own and others’ safety.
The essence of the concept of “Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)” and its impact on the formation of a proper state of the security environment at the local level of the community is revealed. It is emphasised that the CPTED principles are universal and can be applied to improve the security of any territory or facility. At the same time, their effectiveness largely depends on the completeness of the identification of security risks and threats.
The article suggests the following areas for improvement of the regulatory and legal support for the activities of community police officers: 1) adoption of a separate regulatory legal act on the activities of district police officers, taking into account the peculiarities of police work in the city; 2) approval of instructions on the procedure for carrying out control and supervision activities in the service area. This regulatory act should provide for the forms of such files, the procedure for their completion, registration, verification and control; 3) inclusion of individual cases on security audits of the territory or individual buildings or facilities in the official records of a community police officer. Relevant security audit forms should be officially approved; 4) adoption of methodological recommendations for organising security audits and applying the principles of CPTED (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design) in professional activities.
Psychological Aspects of a Police Officer’s Professional Success
Authors: Butenko M. V.
Published: November 2024

The article analyses the general concept of human success from various psychological and scientific perspectives, as well as the concept of “a police officer’s professional success” separately, since it plays an important role for both the individual and society at the present stage of society development. The author emphasises that at the scientific and legislative levels there are no explanations and clarifications as to who is a professionally successful police officer. The study provides a generalised analysis of police officers’ powers, among which the main ones are highlighted which every police officer must perform regardless of their position, length of service and other factors. The importance of professional training of police officers during their service is also emphasised.
To determine the level of success of a police officer’s professional activity, it is proposed to take into account a combination of two components – external and internal. The external component of police officers’ activity includes professional development, which is characterized by the level of performance of the main professional tasks based on knowledge of the principles and powers of the National Police of Ukraine at the legislative level. The internal component includes individual psychological properties of a police officer, which to a certain extent ensure efficient and high-quality performance of functional duties.
In addition, the importance of social intelligence as a means of effective and comfortable interaction with the public is emphasised. Particular attention is paid to the coping strategy of a police officer, which allows him/her to effectively cope with stressful situations arising during the performance of official tasks. Through the analysis of the main powers of police officers, the need for them to have emotional intelligence, which includes such components as empathy, understanding, recognition and the ability to manage their own and other people’s emotions, is determined.
Moreover, the article shows the importance for police work of such an individual property of a person as the level of internality, which determines the ability of a person to control and manage his/her behaviour, take responsibility for his/her own actions, influence the formation and development of such internal factors as motivation, efficiency of decision-making in stressful situations. Finally, it is concluded that the interrelation of external and internal components is important for determining the level of professional success of a police officer.