bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of mood on the motivational needs of women with somatic problems abstract
Authors:   Western Caspian University, Shafiyeva Elnara
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the impact of mood on the motivational need system of women with somatic problems. During an experimental psychological study, a battery of techniques was carried out. They were used to identify the relationship between the system of needs and motivation, including depression, interpersonal relationships and sexual satisfaction. In order to study this problem, a socio-demographic table was drawn up and a battery of techniques was conducted according to: Hierarchy of Needs Scale; the Situational Motivation Scale; Beck Depression İnventory; Body İmage Scale; Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual satisfaction. The study revealed that women with gynecological problems, depending on the severity of the disease, were decreasing both internal and external motivation; unmet needs. Gynecological diseases contribute to depression and affect interpersonal relationships and contribute to the occurrence of conflicts; resulting in negative perception of their bodies and dissatisfaction with their sex life.
Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction by A Mandibular Tracing System: A Case Report
Authors:   Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Sciences and Biomaterials, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA, Liao Peixi
Published: December 2021

Objective. The purpose of this case report is to present a digital mandibular tracing technique used to evaluate a patient with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). Clinical features. A 65-year-old Caucasian female patient presented with chronical jaw pain in her temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area. The patient describes a dental history of orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment. Orally patient exhibits super erupted teeth, multiply fractured restorations, facial gingival recession, and rotated teeth. The patient also had an uneven occlusal plane and non-working side contact at maxillary first and mandibular second molars. Evaluation and outcome. A digital mandibular tracing technique, cone beam computed tomography, and full-arch optical impressions were used to evaluate the patient's condition. The left condyle was slightly flat compared to the right one on the anterior surface. Limited protrusion and lateral movements and asymmetric border movements were detected. Apparently, an incomplete orthodontic treatment at the patient's early age, iatrogenic mandibular anterior restorations, and hit and slight effect are considered as causes for Temporo-mandibular joint problems. The recommended treatment plan sequence for this patient is an occlusal adjustment, replacement of defective restorations and fabrication of an occlusal guard for one of the arches. Conclusion. Digital mandibular tracing system can help the dentist to diagnose and analyze the causes of TMD patient specifically and individually. It also provides quick resolution and management for patients with TMD.
An Investigation Into the Impacts of Covid-19 on the Economic Growrth: A Case Study of Sourthern Africa
Authors:   University of Namibia, Faculty of Health Science, School of Medicine, Hage Geingob Campus, Bach, Street Windhoek, Namibia, Angula Nikodemus , Nekulilo V. N. Neliwa ,   Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of covid-19 on economic growth in SADC. Covid-19 has been a challenge and still a challenge in many parts of the world across the globe. As a result of covid-19 many people from all walk of life lost their businesses, their belongings, their jobs, including friends and relatives due the deadly pandemic and Africa was no exemption from all these. As consequences of covid-19 particularly in SADC and beyond many people lost their lives, the unemployment rate has augmented and trading relationship between SADC countries has been limping since the pandemic occurred in March 2020. Therefore, the present study recommends a SADC mitigation covid-19 measure strategies that would enable SADC countries to improve on the spread of covid-19 and strengthen the trading relationship among SADC countries.
An Efficient Design of 16 Bit MAC Unit using Vedic Mathematics
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Kumar N. Manoj , Saravanan G. ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Ganesh D. Shyam ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Kanimozi S. ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Published: December 2021

Duplicate and Accumulate (MAC) is one of the central practices utilized absolutely in signal- controlling and different applications. The multiplier is the major piece of Digital Signal Processors (DSPs). Its cutoff spins around power, LUT use, and surrender pick the presence of a DSP. In like way, there is a need to sort out the drive and give up fit multiplier. In this paper, a 16-digit MAC unit is proposed to utilize an 8-cycle Vedic multiplier and pass on a save snake. A relationship with the current 8-cycle Vedic multiplier utilizing Square-Root (SQR) Carry-select snake (CSLA) is introduced. It is isolated and a standard pack multiplier. The whole technique is done in Verilog HDL. Blend and redirections were finished utilizing Xilinx InDesign Suite 14.5. The proposed game plan accomplishes fundamental improvement in region and suspension. In like manner, an abatement in power around 9.5% is refined.
For Investment Geometric Problems
Authors:   Elementary school “Jovan Cvijic”, Kostolac-Pozarevac, Serbia, Obradovic Dragan , Mishra Lakshmi Narayan ,   Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: December 2021

Solving geometric problems of special importance is the transformation of a plane called inversion. When solving geometric problems, the transformation of the plane called inversion is of special importance. An inversion is a mapping of a plane that a set of directions and a circle maps to the same set, and in doing so it can map a line either to a line or to a circle, and it can also map a circle to either a line or a circle.
Detecting Paraphrases in Marathi Language
Authors:   Department of Computer Engineering, PCE, University of Mumbai, India, Srivastava Shruti , Govilkar Sharvari ,   Department of Computer Engineering, PCE, University of Mumbai, India
Published: December 2021

Paraphrasing refers to the sentences that either differs in their textual content or dissimilar in rearrangement of words but convey the same meaning. Identifying a paraphrase is exceptionally important in various real life applications such as Information Retrieval, Plagiarism Detection, Text Summarization and Question Answering. A large amount of work in Paraphrase Detection has been done in English and many Indian Languages. However, there is no existing system to identify paraphrases in Marathi. This is the first such endeavor in Marathi Language. A paraphrase has different structured sentences and Marathi being semantically strong language hence this system is designed for checking both statistical and semantic similarity of Marathi sentences. Statistical similarity measure does not need any prior knowledge as it is only based on the factual data of sentences. The factual data is calculated on the basis of the degree of closeness between the word-set, word-order, word-vector and word-distance. Universal Networking Language (UNL) speaks about the semantic significance in the sentence without any syntacticpointofinterest.Hence, these mantic similarity calculated on the basis of generated UNL graphs for two Marathi sentences renders semantic equality of two Marathi sentences. The total para phrases core was calculated after joining statistical and semantic similarity scores which gives the judgement of being paraphrase or non-paraphrase about the Marathi sentences.
Enabling Semantic Interoperability of Regional Trends of Disease Surveillance Data for Namibia Through a Health-Standards-Based Approach
Authors:   Durban University of Technology, 41/43 M. L. Sultan Road, Durban, 4001, South Africa, Angula Nikodemus , Dlodlo Nomusa ,   Rhodes University, 94 Drodsty Road, Grahamastown, 6139, South Africa, Mtshali Progress Qhaphi ,   Durban University of Technology, 41/43 M. L. Sultan Road, Durban, 4001, South Africa
Published: December 2021

The Ministry of Health and Social Services in Namibia under the division of epidemiology uses a manual paper-based approach to capture disease surveillance data through 5 levels of reporting which include the community level, the health facility level, the district level, and the national level. As a result, this method of communicating and exchanging disease surveillance information is cost and time consuming, which delay disease surveillance information from reaching the head office on time. The current method that is being used to exchange and communicate disease surveillance data is a manual process which very time consuming due to the fact that surveillance officers have to organise and store the files and hunt down the information when it is needed and this can take time. Therefore, the study developed a prototype that aggregates disease surveillance data from the 14 regions in Namibia and can thus enable the disease service office to capture disease surveillance data through the use of mobile devices. The functionality of the prototype would allow a disease surveillance office in one regional office to access disease surveillance data of other regional office in real time. The method used to communicate disease surveillance data is through the excel spreadsheet (IDSR) which is called the integrated disease surveillance and response. Furthermore, the excel file will be sent to the relevant authority through email. However, we still do not have a web based system to report cases of diseases, instead this is a process starting from the intermediate hospital disease surveillance data which is captured then sent to the regional office and from the regional office the information is sent to the district office and then sent to the national office and from the national office the information is further sent to the WHO and other development partners as well as to the top management or to the highest authority. So it does not end at the national level but goes to management such as the Permanent Secretary, and the data is used to inform the development partners and the national surveillance office prepares official letters to the management as a form of reporting disease surveillance data. The symphonic surveillance office helps to detect a particular disease. The doctors send an investigation case form to the laboratory for testing the disease that has been identified.
The Importance of ICTs on Service Delivery at MTC, Namibia
Authors:   University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia, Namene Ndahafa Eline , Angula Nikodemus ,   University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of information and communication technology on service delivery in the Telecommunications industry. A descriptive survey research method was used as it helped the researcher to determine how the use of ICTs can improve service delivery at MTC, Namibia. Findings showed that variables of information and communication technology have positive effect on service delivery. Therefore, the study concluded that training collectively with changes in corporate policies and support, can result in better service delivery. It was recommended that employees have to acquire skills on how to use computers and communication software in order to offer efficient services. It is vital for the Telecommunications sector to foster digital opportunities by enhancing the use of ICTs to improve service delivery. Barriers to be overcome are no longer only technological but also educational, cultural and linguistic in nature. With that in mind, neglecting to invest sufficiently in human capacity may result in clientele dissatisfaction.
An Investigation Into the Impacts of ICT in the Compacting of COVID-19: A Namibian Context
Authors:   Namibia University of Science and Technology, Department of Technical and Vocational Education and Training, Windhoek, Namibia, Angula Nikodemus
Published: December 2021

The study aimed to investigate into the impact of a National COVID-19 Health contact tracing and monitoring system for Namibia. The study used qualitative methods as are search strategy. Qualitative data was collected through zoom meeting and a Google form link was distributed to the participants. The findings of the study revealed that a total of 18 participants responded to the semi-structured questions of which 38.9% represents male while female 61.1%. The age group between 18-25 response rate were 22.2%, age group between 26-35 response rate were 55.6%, age group between 36-45 response rate were 16.7% and the age group between 46 and above response rate was 10% represented in green colour to represent participants who fall in the age group between 46 and above. Therefore, the present study will investigate into the impact of a National COVID-19 health contact tracing and monitoring system and proposed a system which will allow every public member who visits an enclosed public place by capturing their demographic information as well as the date and time the facility was visited. The system replaces the paper-based method of recording the information of people visiting public places with an entrance that allows the coming in and out of people. The proposed system will also allow for real-time monitoring of temperature changes of individuals.
Doğu Akdeniz Meselesinde Yunan Lobisinin Türkiye Karşıtı Faaliyetleri
Authors: ÇEÇEN Ahmet Faruk , BULUT Serkan , AYÇİN Tuğçe
Published: December 2021

Türkiye ve Yunanistan arasında tarihsel süreci bulunan bazı anlaşmazlıklar, lobicilik faaliyetlerine kaynaklık etmektedir. İki devlet arasındaki anlaşmazlıklar en temelinde, Ege Denizi kıta sahanlığı, Kıbrıs, Batı Trakya’daki Türkler ve Ege adaları ve özellikle de son dönemlerde Doğu Akdeniz meselesi alanlarında tezahür etmektedir. Doğu Akdeniz, tüm bu konular içerisinde sorunun taraflarının da sadece Türkiye ve Yunanistan olmaması bakımından diğer konulardan daha görünür bir mesele hâline gelmeye başlamıştır. Bu gibi uluslararası sorunların çok aktörlü yapılarından ötürü lobicilik faaliyetleri daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Lobicilik faaliyetleri çerçevesinden özellikle Doğu Akdeniz konusunda Yunan Lobisi ve Yunanistan’ın Türkiye karşıtı lobicilik faaliyetleri üzerine odaklanan bu derleme çalışmada, alandaki literatür taranmış, bu literatürdeki eksikleri giderme ve alana katkı yapma amacı güdülmüştür. Aynı zamanda Doğu Akdeniz meselesinin nasıl bölgesel ve küresel bir mesele hâline geldiği de açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Son yıllarda hem Türkiye hem Doğu Akdeniz kıyısı olan devletler ve hem de küresel aktörler açısından çok boyutlu ve stratejik bir önem kazanan Doğu Akdeniz meselesinde, Yunan lobisi ve Yunanistan’ın Türkiye’ye karşı özellikle ABD nezdinde lobicilik faaliyetlerini artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Doğu Akdeniz sorununda, ABD ve Avrupa ülkelerinin ise müttefikleri olan Türkiye ile ilişkileri bozacak derecede uluslararası hukuku görmezden geldiği ileri sürülebilir. Bu tutumun nedenlerinden biri olarak Türkiye’ye karşı antidemokratik tutum içinde olan lobilerin etkisi olduğu çalışmada tartışılmıştır.
Transient Energy Models of Housing Facilities Operation
Authors: Deshko Valeriі , Bilous Inna , Biriukov Dmytro , Yatsenko Olena
Published: December 2021

Buildings are the main consumer of energy resources in the total energy balance of the countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the main energy consumption is allocated for heating. Efficient use of energy resources for heating needs to a large extent depends on the efficiency of regulation of heating systems. In the article, dynamic mathematical models of a two-room typical apartment in Ukraine, built in 2016, were developed in Matlab and EnergyPlus software environment. The simulations were carried out using IWEC hourly climate data for the city of Kyiv. The results of simulations of thermal energy consumption in Matlab are characterized by a larger range of fluctuations of the heating system load, which is typical for the real operating conditions of the system with the controller of ON/OFF type. In EnergyPlus it is assumed that the gas boiler operates continuously in the ON mode. In the research, the change of load on the apartment heating system was studied at different numbers and locations of air temperature control sensors installation, according to which the controller of the autonomous gas boiler operates.
The Influence of Modern Refrigerants on Environmental Protection
Authors: Czapp Marian
Published: December 2021

The aim of reviewing information was characterizing in the labor factor using in refrigeration technology is and their impact on the environment. The development of the refrigeration industry occurred thanks to progress towards coolants. The most important aspect of using of refrigerators is their impact on health and human life, and atmosphere. By caring for health, the European Union achieves legal rights. Research on thermodynamic factors pose a wide field of work for many scientists and are the most popular, new information, that can be used in practice.
Environmental Loads Resulting from Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Gabryelewicz Izabela
Published: December 2021

The study of environmental loads resulting from manufacturing technology is of great importance for environmental protection. Applying the principles of sustainable development means "a way of farming in which meeting the needs of the present generation will not reduce the chances of meeting the needs of future generations." Faced with such a challenge, the product must be assessed throughout its entire life cycle (LCA). From the available technologies and materials, one should choose those that are least harmful to the environment. In order to make a correct choice, it is necessary to know and understand the technological processes and phenomena that take place in them. Using off-the-shelf LCA applications, without knowing basic knowledge of manufacturing technology, can bias the results. The aim of the article is to present benefits resulting from the environmental assessment of manufacturing processes.
Evaluation of Environmental Effects by LCA Method of Recycling of Depleted Electrical Insulators by Their Reuse for Cementitious Composites
Authors: Zegardło Bartosz
Published: December 2021

This paper is devoted to the evaluation of the environmental effects by the LCA method of recycling electrical insulators through their secondary use in the production of cementitious composites as replacements for traditional mineral aggregates. For the proposed waste recycling system, using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, the environmental impact of product manufacturing was evaluated at the level of several key factors. A cubic meter of concrete composite was used as the functional unit. The environmental impact assessment was carried out for recycled and traditional composite products. The work was carried out using the openLCA computer program. The obtained results confirmed that the replacement of traditional aggregate with recycled aggregate after its prior deposition and grinding at the concrete producer brings positive effect. Compared to the production of traditional composite, the production of composites with recycled aggregate showed a favorable parameter: the amount of depletion of natural resources. Other studied parameters such as climate change, air pollution and process toxicity ware almost the same for both types of composites. Taking into account the results obtained, it was concluded that this type of waste trading system can be implemented in industrial activities with a positive effect on the environment.
Model of a Sustainable Transport System on the Example of Olsztyn
Authors: Ejdys Stanisław
Published: December 2021

The main aim of the article is to present a theoretical model of a sustainable urban transport system and to indicate the need for changes in the approach to it. The issues of sustainable development and functioning of the municipal transport system in Olsztyn discussed in the article evoke vivid social and political interests of the city's inhabitants. This is mainly due to the impact of transport operation on quality of life, the correlation of its development with the economic development of the city, and the strong impact of transport on the natural environment. Today, it is already known that a coherent and modern transport system is an indispensable element of a competitive city. Connecting the city into a functional system, it presents it as a system of interdependencies between its elements.
Association between the serum estrone-to-estradiol ratio and parameters related to glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Chun Sungwook
Published: December 2021

Objective: We aimed to evaluate associations between the ratio of serum estrone (E1) to estradiol (E2) and parameters related to serum glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: In total, 133 women between the ages of 18 and 33 diagnosed with PCOS were enrolled in this study. All participants with PCOS underwent blood tests to determine hormonal and biochemical metabolic parameters and a standard 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. They were divided into two groups according to the serum E1-to-E2 ratio: group 1 (E1/E2 ratio <2.0) and group 2 (E1/E2 ratio ≥2.0). Results: In the comparative analysis, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was the only clinical variable that was significantly different between the two groups. Patients with a higher E1/E2 ratio showed higher fasting insulin levels, homeostasis model for insulin resistance, and postprandial glucose levels at 2 hours (PPG2). In a correlation analysis, only PPG2 was significantly related to the serum E1/E2 ratio. However, after controlling for the confounding effects of body mass index (BMI) and WHR, fasting glucose was also significantly correlated with the serum E1/E2 ratio. Conclusion: Women with PCOS with a higher serum E1/E2 ratio were found to be more likely to show higher fasting insulin and postprandial glucose levels. Significant correlations were found between the serum E1/E2 ratio and both fasting and postprandial serum glucose levels after adjusting for BMI and WHR in women with PCOS.
The antioxidant roles of L-carnitine and N-acetyl cysteine against oxidative stress on human sperm functional parameters during vitrification
Authors: Ghorbani Fatemeh , Nasiri Zohreh , Koohestanidehaghi Yeganeh , Lorian Keivan
Published: December 2021

Objective: Amino acids can protect sperm structure in cryopreservation due to their antioxidant properties. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of L-carnitine (LC) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on motility parameters, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), DNA damage, and human sperm intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) during vitrification. Methods: Twenty normal human sperm samples were examined. Each sample was divided into six equal groups: LC (1 and 10 mM), NAC (5 and 10 mM), and cryopreserved and fresh control groups. Results: The groups treated with LC and NAC showed favorable findings in terms of motility parameters, DNA damage, and MMP. Significantly higher levels of intracellular ROS were observed in all cryopreserved groups than in the fresh group (p≤0.05). The presence of LC and NAC at both concentrations caused an increase in PMI, MMP, and progressive motility parameters, as well as a significant reduction in intracellular ROS compared to the control group (p≤0.05). The concentrations of the amino acids did not show any significant effect.Conclusion: LAC and NAC are promising as potential additives in sperm cryopreservation.
Standardisation of Staff Training to Increase Efficiency
Authors: Mbabzi Kikundwa Emma
Published: December 2021

In any industry or organization, personnel training is emphasized with reference to National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) guidelines and other globally accepted guidelines. In spite of many refresher training programs, the pharmaceutical industry still faces significant variations in individual/ team efficiency and productivity. Individuals/teams given the same task, SOPs, environment and materials continue to produce significantly different results reflecting the possibility of operating on different sets of theoretical and practical information, which may stem from differing trainer, training program or training method. This study focused on using a standardized manual for training two teams A and B involved in vaccine production, as a tool to increase employee efficiency, productivity and quality, at a Livestock vaccine manufacturing company, with an objective to shorten the supply chain of vaccines (starting with Newcastle disease vaccine I-2 strain) to improve product quality, availability and affordability up to rural household level and back yard farmers. Baseline data was collected from four pre-training production batches and compared with data collected from three post-training production batches. The results showed that a tailored standardized training was effective in achieving the same level of efficiency, regardless of how late or soon the member joined the facility, and who conducted the training. The process of training staff, using a company tailored standardized manual, was shown to be successful within this company’s set up and could potentially be applied to other industries that are struggling with implementation of uniform information to their staff.
Vollendung der Währungsunion? Der europäische Aufbaufonds
Authors: Höpner Martin
Published: December 2021

Die Euro-Zone krankt nach weithin geteilter Auffassung am Fehlen einer Fiskalkapazität. Einer solchen Kapazität kommt das im Dezember 2020 verabschiedete Programm „Next Generation EU“ (NGEU) nahe. Der Aufsatz prüft, wie sich die Logik der Währungsunion verändern würde, wenn NGEU auf Dauer gestellt wäre. Es zeigt sich, dass der entscheidende Vorteil von NGEU auf der Einnahmeseite angesiedelt ist: Gegenüber den neu geschaffenen europäischen Staatsanleihen dürfte sich die EZB wie eine Kreditgeberin der letzten Instanz verhalten.
Ein „nach rechts verzerrtes Bild“? Antisemitische Vorfälle zwischen Polizeistatistik, Monitoring und Betroffenenperspektive
Authors: Botsch Gideon
Published: December 2021

Antisemitische Anfeindungen werden in Deutschland durch unterschiedliche Statistiken erfasst und kategorisiert. Zwischen polizeilicher Kriminalitätsstatistik und Betroffenenperspektive besteht eine deutliche Diskrepanz. Als Ursache wird vermutet, dass die Eingangsstatistik Politisch Motivierte Kriminalität (PMK) ein „nach rechts verzerrtes Bild“ liefert. Die Analyse der unterschiedlichen Erfassungsprinzipien und Kategorisierungssysteme und ihr Vergleich mit den Befunden zur Betroffenenperspektive auf Grundlage theoretischer und empirischer Erkenntnisse der Antisemitismusforschung widerlegen diese Annahme und weisen auf andere Ursachen hin. Die zivilgesellschaftlichen RIAS-Monitoringstellen können zwar das Dunkelfeld ebenfalls nicht vollständig aufhellen, liefern aber derzeit das präziseste Lagebild im Phänomenbereich antisemitischer Feindseligkeiten.
Effecting Consistency in Investor-State Dispute Settlement Through the Introduction of Precedent in a Multilateral Investment Court
Authors: Adekemi Afolabi
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the current Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) system has been a subject of reform discussions triggered by several factors, amongst which includes the lack of consistency in ISDS decisions commonly rendered by arbitration tribunals. This undesirable fact places the current ISDS system in conflict with essential rule of law values such as stability, reliability, predictability, and equality - which inevitably diminish the legitimacy of the current system. Undeniably, the un-uniform investment treaties underlying ISDS decisions is a valid justification for divergent outcomes, however, the recognition that a majority of investment treaties share similar if not identical legal standards also makes the argument for consistent ISDS decisions legitimate and in fact necessary to foster the harmonious development of investment law across the network of identical treaty standards. To this end, the use of “precedent” is critical in achieving the aforesaid goal. Notably, albeit informally, the use of precedent is already a recognised practice in ISDS, yet inconsistent decisions persist. As a turning point, this article advocates that consistency in ISDS decisions can be best achieved through the “formal introduction of a system of precedent”, in “a Multilateral Investment Court (MIC)”, which is possible without jeopardizing the inherent differences contained in International Investment Agreements (IIA).
Design und Umsetzung empirischer Forschung zu geflüchteten Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ein Literaturreview
Authors: Maehler Débora B. ,   al.
Published: December 2021

Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht englischsprachige wissenschaftliche Zeitschriftenbeiträge zu geflüchteten Kindern und Jugendlichen, die im Zeitraum von 1987 bis 2016 erschienen sind. Das Literaturreview fokussiert auf Design und Umsetzung bisheriger empirischer Forschung. Dabei werden der allgemeine inhaltliche Fokus, die räumliche Verortung der Datenerhebung, einzelne Charakteristika der untersuchten Samples sowie die Methoden und Studiendesigns der betreffenden Arbeiten ausgewertet (n=430). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bisherige Publikationen oft wichtige Eckdaten wie methodische Aspekte der Studien oder rudimentäre soziodemografische Angaben zu Studienteilnehmenden in qualitativ und quantitativ ausgerichteten Artikeln unzureichend erheben bzw. dokumentieren. Der Beitrag schließt daher mit Empfehlungen zur Dokumentation forschungsbezogener Eckdaten bei Untersuchungen mit migrierten Kindern und Jugendlichen.
Das Engagementfeld Geflüchtetenhilfe in Münster
Authors: Meyer Hendrik , Rott Janina
Published: December 2021

Mit dem vermehrten Zuzug Geflüchteter 2015 haben sich bundesweit zahlreiche Flüchtlingshilfeinitiativen gegründet. Auch in Münster beteiligen sich seitdem viele Organisationen an der Betreuung und Integration Geflüchteter. Auf der Grundlage von 18 qualitativen Interviews beschreibt der Beitrag die aktuelle Situation der Initiativen und skizziert die wesentlichen Veränderungen des freiwilligen Engagements von 2015 bis 2020. Darüber hinaus werden die Ergebnisse im Kontext sozialer, politischer und ökonomischer Strukturzusammenhänge diskutiert. Dabei lässt sich ausmachen, dass sich nicht nur der Tätigkeitsbereich der Initiativen verändert hat. In Teilen des Engagementfeldes zeigen sich auch Ansatzpunkte für eine zunehmende Politisierung der Freiwilligenarbeit.
Kritik an Opfer-Diskursen
Authors: Mierzwa Roland
Published: December 2021

There is a lust for being a victim. This makes it easy to forget many actual victims. And there is a class society of victims. As a result, many victims are insufficiently appreciated, for example the victims of climate change.

Based on a critique of contemporary victim discourses, the book explores new perspectives of solidarity in our society. It asks, for example, how the solidarity work of the church, civic councils and civil society is doing, and looks for ways to anchor solidarity in society beyond class boundaries.
Status of Immunity Against the Hepatitis A Virus in Healthy Population: A Report from Southeastern Iran
Authors: Bakhshipour Alireza , Sargolzaie Narjes , Rafaiee Raheleh
Published: December 2021

Background: Recently, epidemiological studies on hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection showed the seroprevalence has been changing due to changes in lifestyle. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no published data on the seropositivity of HAV in Zahedan, southeastern Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of HAV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in Zahedan, southeastern Iran, to provide the required information for better planning in preventive strategies. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using the available sampling method, a total of 250 serum samples (18 years and above) in both the urban and rural areas of Zahedan were evaluated for anti-HAV IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Based on the results, it was observed that 228 out of 250 (91.2%) serum samples were positive for HAV IgG antibody. Male gender, family size, parents’ education, mother’s occupation, and history of jaundice before the age of 12 years were associated with positive HAV antibody (P < 0.001). The seroprevalence HAV rates were not statistically different between the residents of urban and rural regions. Conclusions: The seropositivity of HAV is high in both the urban and rural areas of Zahedan, Iran. Therefore, the HAV vaccination of the general population is not necessary. It is recommended to monitor HAV seroprevalence in the general population to determine high-risk groups, including anti-HAV seronegative individuals, for HAV vaccination in the residents of the southeast border.
For Your Safety
Authors: Lazar Ty ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: December 2021

How do you know if the government-imposed limits on personal freedom “for your protection” have gone too far? Are there certain risks the government shouldn’t protect people from? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Zoe gets a knock on her door from the Department of Public Health. They have detected increased biochemical signatures that lead them to believe she has been having sexual intercourse without a properly filed Intimate Partnership Agreement (IPA). The IPA’s are for her protection to ensure that any potential partners are disease free. Initially, she denies the accusations, but the evidence from her Livewell stream is overwhelming. This time, it’s just a fine, but if it happens again the punishments will get more severe, all the way up to having points deducted from her social confidence rating. The government employees leave and Zoe heads back into the bedroom to find her one-night stand has committed suicide.
Damnatio Memoriae
Authors: Joy Alexander B. ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: December 2021

Are we just the sum of our memories? Is erasing all the memories of a person more, or less humane, than the death penalty? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, a member of the diplomatic corps recounts the history of Etescanate people and the evolution of their implantation of the death penalty over the centuries. Initially, the death penalty was a drawn out, painful and public affair. As time progressed, it remained public, but became more humane. With the advent of new technologies, it was moved indoors as a private affair where electrical shocks or injections were used. Now, the Etescanate people believe they have found the most humane form of capital punishment, complete memory erasure. Those that are found guilty of the most serious crimes are given a chemical cocktail that completely erases their minds of their entire past. There is one caveat to this punishment, while the government has outlawed killing by the state, it still leaves open the possibility of killing by others and, in some cases, the convicted opt to be killed privately instead.
The Highest Good and the Relation between Virtue and Happiness
Authors: Rönnedal Daniel ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: December 2021

The paper develops a Kantian view of the highest good and the relation between virtue and happiness. Several Kantian theses are defended, among them the thesis that the highest good is realized only if every virtuous individual is happy, the view that virtue is neither necessary nor sufficient for happiness, and the proposition that virtue is both necessary and sufficient for the worthiness of being happy. The author argues that the highest good ought to be realized and that it ought to be that everyone who is virtuous is happy. To prove these claims, the author will use techniques developed by modern deontic logicians. According to Kant, we do not have an immediate duty to promote our own happiness, the aim of morality being not personal satisfaction but rather virtue and the good will. The important question is not “How do I become happy?” but “How do I become good?”. The arguments in this paper support this view.
The Analysis and Evaluation of the First Online Congress of 61st Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry in 2020 during COVID-19
Authors: Herr Lan , Lee Koeun , Kim Mi Sun , Nam Okhyung , Lee Hyoseol , Choi Sungchul
Published: December 2021

The 61st Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry congress was hosted online for the first time in 2020 due to coronavirus disease-19. The congress was operated using the ZOOM platform. The aim of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the overall satisfaction and feedbacks from congress participants via anonymous Google Forms online survey. A test meeting was previously organized before the actual congress to facilitate the smooth process and the participants overall showed high satisfaction. Members who participated in test meeting compared to those who did not, found it significantly helpful, which contributed overall higher satisfaction with the online congress. Abstracts were accepted from the current pediatric dentistry residents and the oral presentations were also held online for the first time. The presenters and the judges were overall very satisfied. In an unguaranteed situation of termination of coronavirus disease-19, the decision to conduct an online congress was a favorable option.
Difference in Bonding Strength of RMGIC according to Type of Hemostatic Agent in Primary Tooth
Authors: Back Seolah , Lee Joonhaeng , Kim Jongbin , Han Miran , Kim Jong Soo
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the hemostatic agent containing aluminum chloride with hemostatic agent containing ferric sulfate on the shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement(RMGIC) to dentin in primary tooth. Twenty extracted non-carious human primary teeth were collected in this study. The specimens were cut to expose dentin and polished. The specimens were randomly seperated into 3 groups for treatment; group I: polyacrylic acid(PAA), RMGIC; group II: aluminum chloride, PAA, RMGIC; group III: ferric sulfate, PAA, RMGIC Ten specimens from each group were subjected to shear bond strength test. The mean shear bond strength of each group was as follows: 10.07 ± 1.83 MPa in Group I, 7.62 ± 0.78 MPA in group II, 5.23 ± 0.78 MPa in group III. There were significant differences among all groups(p < 0.001). In conclusion, both aluminum chloride hemostatic agent and ferric sulfate hemostatic agent decreased the shear bond strength of RMGIC to dentin. And ferric sulfate hemostatic agent decreased the shear bond strength of RMGIC more than the aluminium chloride hemostatic agent.
Reseña de: VVAA.: Quién cuenta la historia. Estudios sobre el narrador en los relatos de ficción y no ficción. Pamplona: Ediciones Fúñate, 1999, 206 páginas
Authors: Paternain Miranda Beatriz
Published: December 2021

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ICU nurses’ experiences of feeling hurt by medical personnel
Authors: Lee Jung-Hoon , Song Yeoungsuk
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of nurses who have suffered from hurt feelings in their relationships with medical personnel in intensive care units (ICUs).Methods: Data were collected from May 2019 to August 2020 through individual in-depth interviews with 8 ICU nurses. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using the MAXQDA program, employing a phenomenological method designed by Colaizzi.Results: Four theme clusters and nine themes were identified. The themes cluster that emerged were as follows: high-handedness from a lack of understanding and consideration, not being respected as a professional, having to endure sadness alone, and strategies for accepting pain.Conclusion: In ICUs, nurses are being emotionally wounded, resulting in a variety of hurt feelings, not only by doctors, but also by other nurses. Nurses were heavy-hearted because they wanted the participants to do their part and care for critically ill patients proficiently. However, they did not treat ICU nurses as specialized professionals. The participating nurses said they felt pressure, fear, and intimidated. In addition, they felt lonely because their head nurses, seniors, or colleagues did not protect or support them. This study helped develop a program to decrease the nurses’ emotional distress and create a safe work environment where they respected and cared for each other without undergoing anguish.
DUT Guide on Supervision
Authors: Wichmann-Hansen Gitte
Published: December 2021

The aim of this guide is to provide tips for supervisors on how to support students as active, independent and prepared participants who drive their own projects forward. It relates to supervision of projects at bachelor-, master- and PhD level. The underlying basis of the guide is twofold: 1) supervision is an increasingly complex activity that involves a demanding set of competences; 2) a good supervisor is a flexible supervisor who can adapt to different situations, student needs and levels of the curriculum.
The Role of (Dis)information in Society During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   University of Zielona Góra, Czudy Zuzanna , Matuszczak Milena ,   University of Zielona Góra, Donderska Marta ,   University of Zielona Góra, Haczyński Józef ,   University of Warsaw
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Demonstrating the harmfulness of disinformation and summarizing the COVID-19 false information to which recipients are most often exposed. Confrontation of the most popular myths about SARS-CoV-2 with the results of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). Design/methodology/approach: A review of original papers and reviews of myths about COVID-19. Findings: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the public with information overload related to SARSCoV- 2. Some of this information may be false and potentially harmful. The rapid spread of information reaching a wide audience is also a threat. Research limitations/implications: The subject of COVID-19 is still unknown and is under constant research, there are many new publications that we are not able to include and this publication needs to be updated. Originality/value: We have not found a similar publication on this topic. The article draws attention to the problem of misinformation, thus helping in the prevention of infections and misguided harmful behaviors.
T@pped into the W3rldWideWeb: C0nfigur-ing [Net(I)Ana(S)]
Authors: Menéndez Cuesta Vanesa
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways in which loneliness has become the epitome of contemporary human condition for the Millennial generation, together with its impact on the psychological and emotional side of human expression and the urban landscape, as expressed through art and the virtual. Modern megacities are shaping and configuring what we nowadays understand as art. In the case of Alt [C]Lit poets, whether it is New York City or Los Angeles, the US urban landscape has a great influence on how these young authors have configured their poetic production: their experiences and referents belong to these cities. In this paper, I would like to discuss how spaces, especially urban spaces, have generated physical isolation and have transitioned into a mental landscape, to which the virtual contributes to increase anxious alienation that manifests itself through the body and the configuration of human subjectivities. Therefore, I will analyze hypermodern identity/ies that result from the urban landscape of megalopolises, the manner in which the virtual has generated online communities and has contributed to (hyper)sexualization, and the way in which Zafra’s concept of netianas can be applied in order to analyze the paradoxical position of loneliness and early-adulthood through the Alt [C]Lit poetry and other related-literary and visual production.
Managing Fear in a Risk Society: Pretrauma and Extreme Future Scenarios in Nathaniel Rich’s Odds Against Tomorrow
Authors: Gilarek Anna
Published: December 2021

An example of near-future climate fiction, Nathaniel Rich’s 2013 novel Odds Against Tomorrow envisions a catastrophic, global warming-related flooding of the New York City area. Despite the novel’s (post)apocalyptic focus, a large part of it can be in fact perceived as preapocalyptic, inasmuch as it explores people’s traumatic responses to potential future disasters, even before they actually happen. The aim of the article is to analyze the novel’s depiction of the culture of fear, which has permeated the modern society as a consequence of it becoming what Ulrich Beck famously termed a “risk society.” In a risk society, human industrial and technological activity produces a series of hazards, including global risks such as anthropogenic climate change. In the novel, Rich shows how financial capitalism commodifies these risks by capitalizing on people’s fears and their need for some degree of risk management. Finally, the paper looks at the text as a cli-fi novel and thus as a literary response to the pretrauma caused by environmental risks.
Race, Violence, and the City: Chicago’s Black Urbanity in Contemporary American Film and Literature
Authors: Kimak Izabella , Mazur Zbigniew
Published: December 2021

In this article we look at three recent films–Native Son (2019, dir. Rashid Johnson, based on Richard Wright’s 1940 novel), Widows (2018, dir. Steve McQueen, based on a 1983 TV series), and The Hate U Give (2018, dir. George Tillman Jr., based on a book by Angie Thomas)–by Black directors that showcase the interactions between Blacks and whites in an American urban milieu. We argue that the setting of two of these films–Native Son and Widows–in Chicago, with The Hate U Give being set in a fictional urban setting bearing a strong resemblance to the Windy City, serves to articulate the continuing racial divisions of American cities in the twenty-first century. The three films show that the fossilization of the divide between Black and white districts inevitably leads to outbreaks of racial violence.