bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ginsenoside Compound K Reduces Psoriasis-related Inflammation by
Activation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Keratinocytes
Authors: Wang Wu , Xu Xiujin , Yang Mei , Jiang Mengya , Wang Dandan , Tang Caihong , Wei Wei , Chen Jingyu
Published: February 2024

Aim:

To investigate the effects and mechanism of Ginsenoside Compound K (GCK) on psoriasis, focusing on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in
keratinocytes.

Methods:

An imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis mouse model was generated to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of GCK. Hematoxylin
and eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess skin pathological changes. Protein expression of K17 and p-p65 in mice skin was assayed by
immunohistochemical. Protein expression and phosphorylation of p65 IκB were assayed by Western blot. Protein expression of K1, K6, K10, K16,
K17, and GR were assayed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine
cytokine levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL-8, and ICAM-1. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantify TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8,
and ICAM-1 mRNA expression. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assay. A high-content cell-imaging system was
used to assay cell proliferation. Nuclear translocation of p65 and GR was assayed by imaging flow cytometry and immunofluorescence
microscopy. Small interfering RNA was used to confirm the role of GR in the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effect of GCK in normal
human epidermal keratinecytes (NHEKs).

Results:

GCK reduced the psoriasis area, severity index, and epidermal thickening in IMQ-induced mice. GCK significantly attenuated the mRNA levels of
IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 and reduced epidermal hyperproliferation in the skin of IMQ-induced mice. GCK inhibited in vitro activation of
NF-κB, leading to attenuated release of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and ICAM-1) and suppression of NHEK hyperproliferation
and abnormal differentiation. These inhibitory effects of GCK were diminished by GR silencing in NHEKs.

Conclusion:

GCK suppressed psoriasis-related inflammation by suppressing keratinocyte activation, which may be related to promoting GR nuclear
translocation and inhibiting NF-κB activation. In summary, GCK appears to be a GR activator and a promising therapeutic candidate for
antipsoriatic agents.
Introduction
Authors: Ramesh Santhanam , Santhanam Ramasamy , Sankar Veintramuthu
Published: February 2024

This chapter deals with the role of seas and oceans in human life; marine
biodiversity; marine drugs and their origin; groups of marine biota as sources of drugs;
importance and advantages of the production of marine drugs; pharmaceutical marine
biodiversity in the development of marine drugs; existing problems in the development
of new marine drugs; and remedial measures for the adequate supply of bioactive
compounds for the production of cost-effective new drugs for various diseases.
Promising Pharmaceutical Compounds of Marine Plants: Their Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Ramesh Santhanam , Santhanam Ramasamy , Sankar Veintramuthu
Published: February 2024

This chapter deals with the promising marine bioactive compounds of
marine plants such as, seaweeds, seagrasses, mangroves, and halophytes; and their
chemistry and therapeutic applications. Among the different constituents, the seaweeds
in general and brown and red algae exhibited a variety of bioactivities followed by
mangroves, seagrasses, and halophytes in that order.
Promising Pharmaceutical Compounds of Marine Sponges: Their Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Ramesh Santhanam , Santhanam Ramasamy , Sankar Veintramuthu
Published: February 2024

This chapter deals with the promising bioactive compounds of the marine
sponge species belonging to the classes Calcarea and Demospongiae. Further, the
chemical classes and the bioactivities of these secondary metabolites are dealt with.
Marine Biopharmaceuticals in Pipeline
Authors: Ramesh Santhanam , Santhanam Ramasamy , Sankar Veintramuthu
Published: February 2024

This chapter deals with the marine biopharmaceuticals in the pipeline i.e.
year-wise number of approved marine drugs during the period 1969-2021 and their
clinical uses; approved and marketed drugs up to 2021; marine biota-derived drug
candidates under the different phases of clinical trials up to 2021; and marine
biotaderived clinical level compounds against SARS-CoV-2.
The effect of locally extracted and imported aloe vera oil on some productive traits of broilers
Authors: Shareef Al Salman Nuha Talib , Menati Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim
Published: February 2024

The study was conducted at a poultry field, Agricultural Research and Experiment Station at the College of
Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, to determine the effect of locally extracted and imported aloe vera oil
on some productive traits of broilers, different levels of oil extracted from the leaves of the aloe vera plant
were used, from 22/2/2022 to 29/3/2022. A total of 405 unsexed, one-day-old chicks of Ross 308 broiler were
used; chicks were randomly distributed to nine treatments with three replicates for each, 45 chicks per treatment (15 chicks for each replicate), the treatments were followed; T1: without any addition, as for the treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5, they were local aloe vera oil and the treatments T7, T6, T8 and T9, they were
imported aloe vera oil, the addition of oil was at the levels 0.3 and 0.4 per kg feed. The results of the experiment
indicated a significant improvement in some productive traits, including Body Weight (BW), Weight Gain
(WG), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion (FC), with a significant decrease in mortality for all treatments
of locally extracted and imported oil compared to the control treatment, the treatments of the oil extracted
locally showed the best results in a significant way compared to the rest of the treatments of the imported oil
of the aloe vera plant.
Keywords: Locally extracted, imported, aloe vera oil, productive traits, broilers.
Histopathological effects of Cryptococcus neoformans on liver and kidney in mice
Authors: Hussamaldeen Al-Bakir Sara Saad , Abdalkareem Abdalshaheed Dalia
Published: February 2024

This study provides a brief review of approaches for the detection of histopathological effects of Cryptococcus
neoformans on the liver and kidney in mice that were injected I/P with 105 yeast cells of C. neoformans suspended in 1 ml phosphate-buffered saline at a single dose. After 14 days, the mice were sacrificed, and histopathological sections from the liver and kidney were prepared and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin by
the P.A.S. method. The results show that the liver was infiltrated with inflammatory cells, primarily mononuclear cells, in the portal. In addition to the activation of Kupffer cells and vacillation of hepatocytes, most
blood vessels were congested. The section of the kidney shows sluffing of epithelia lining tubules and destruction of glomeruli, in addition to infiltration of mononuclear cells. These results suggested that the fungus
invasiveness of mice has substantial effects on vital organs and may lead to death.
Keywords: Cryptococcus neoformans, Hepatic cryptococcal infection, Cryptococcus
Identifying the Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis Based on Zhihu Comment Data Using a Topic-Enhanced Word-Embedding Model: Mixed Method Study and Cluster Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Gu Dongxiao , Wang Qin , Chai Yidong , Yang Xuejie , Zhao Wang , Li Min , Zolotarev Oleg , Xu Zhengfei , Zhang Gongrang
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic disease, and several risk factors predispose individuals to the condition in their daily lives, including exposure to allergens and inhalation irritants. Analyzing the potential risk factors that can trigger AR can provide reference material for individuals to use to reduce its occurrence in their daily lives. Nowadays, social media is a part of daily life, with an increasing number of people using at least 1 platform regularly. Social media enables users to share experiences among large groups of people who share the same interests and experience the same afflictions. Notably, these channels promote the ability to share health information.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to construct an intelligent method (TopicS-ClusterREV) for identifying the risk factors of AR based on these social media comments. The main questions were as follows: How many comments contained AR risk factor information? How many categories can these risk factors be summarized into? How do these risk factors trigger AR?

METHODS

This study crawled all the data from May 2012 to May 2022 under the topic of allergic rhinitis on Zhihu, obtaining a total of 9628 posts and 33,747 comments. We improved the Skip-gram model to train topic-enhanced word vector representations (TopicS) and then vectorized annotated text items for training the risk factor classifier. Furthermore, cluster analysis enabled a closer look into the opinions expressed in the category, namely gaining insight into how risk factors trigger AR.

RESULTS

Our classifier identified more comments containing risk factors than the other classification models, with an accuracy rate of 96.1% and a recall rate of 96.3%. In general, we clustered texts containing risk factors into 28 categories, with season, region, and mites being the most common risk factors. We gained insight into the risk factors expressed in each category; for example, seasonal changes and increased temperature differences between day and night can disrupt the body’s immune system and lead to the development of allergies.

CONCLUSIONS

Our approach can handle the amount of data and extract risk factors effectively. Moreover, the summary of risk factors can serve as a reference for individuals to reduce AR in their daily lives. The experimental data also provide a potential pathway that triggers AR. This finding can guide the development of management plans and interventions for AR.
Exploration of the Healthy Donor Effect Among 0.6 Million Blood Donors in China: Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Su Shu , Sun Yang , Gu Xiaoyun , Wu Wenjie , Su Xiaodong , Ma Ting , Song Aowei , Xie Xinxin , Wang Liqin , Cheng Qianke , Guo Lingxia , Zhang Lei , Yang Jiangcun
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of completely voluntary blood donation to maintain safe and sustainable blood supplies. However, the benefits of blood donation for donors, such as reducing the risk of disease, remain a topic of debate due to the existence of the healthy donor effect (HDE). This effect arises because of inherent health differences between blood donors and the general population, and it is also considered a methodological issue.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to generate a more detailed health profile of blood donors from a donor cohort study to mitigate and quantify the HDE and properly interpret the association between blood donation and disease outcomes among blood donors.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2012 and December 2018 among donors before their first donation. One-to-one propensity score matching was conducted through a random selection of individuals without any history of blood donation, as reported from their electronic health records. We conducted a Poisson regression between blood donors and non–blood donors before the first donation to estimate the adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR) of selected blood donation–related diseases, as defined by 13 categories of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes.

RESULTS

Of the 0.6 million blood donors, 15,115 had an inpatient record before their first donation, whereas 17,356 non–blood donors had an inpatient record. For the comparison between blood donors and the matched non–blood donors, the HDE (the disease incidence rate ratio between non–blood donors and blood donors) was an AIRR of 1.152 (95% CI 1.127-1.178; P<.001). Among disease categories not recommended for blood donation in China, the strongest HDE was observed in the ICD-10 D50-D89 codes, which pertain to diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs as well as certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (AIRR 3.225, 95% CI 2.402-4.330; P<.001). After age stratification, we found that people who had their first blood donation between 46-55 years old had the strongest HDE (AIRR 1.816, 95% CI 1.707-1.932; P<.001). Both male and female donors had significant HDE (AIRR 1.082, 95% CI 1.05-1.116; P=.003; and AIRR 1.236, 95% CI 1.196-1.277; P<.001, respectively) compared with matched non–blood donors.

CONCLUSIONS

: Our research findings suggest that the HDE is present among blood donors, particularly among female donors and those who first donated blood between the ages of 46 and 55 years.

CLINICALTRIAL

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200055983; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=51760
Considerations for health care institutions training large language models on electronic health records (Preprint)
Authors: Zhou Weipeng , Bitterman Danielle , Afshar Majid , Miller Timothy A.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Large language models (LLMs) are usually built (pretrained) on general domain data. To adapt LLMs better to health care needs, it might be beneficial for health care institutions to create LLMs pretrained on their own EHR data. Nevertheless, there are concerns related to the training budget, the type of pretraining (pretraining from scratch vs. pretraining on top of pretrained LLMs), and the EHR database size.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this manuscript is to address these concerns and to help decision-makers at health care institutions better understand opportunities and challenges for LLM development.

METHODS

We use published work on empirical experience in pretraining LLMs, and establish a relationship between the training budget, LLM size, pretraining database size and training time.

RESULTS

We found that pretraining a modest-sized LLM (13 billion parameters) from scratch requires around 800 GB of EHR data and costs 127,000 USD. For a 65 billion parameter LLM, the EHR requirement is 4000 GB, costing 3 million USD. In comparison, continued pretraining using 500 GB EHR on a 65 billion parameter pretrained LLM would cost 400,000 USD.

CONCLUSIONS

Building private LLMs on EHR data can be challenging due to budget and database size limitations. Most health care institutions will not have the required resources to train their own LLMs from scratch, and even continued pretraining will be challenging for many. This study provides a framework for health care institutions when deciding about the deployment of LLMs in their systems.
Canadian Indigenous community views of disability: Protocol for a scoping review (Preprint)
Authors: Rojas-Cárdenas Andrés , Cleaver Shaun , Sarmiento Ivan , Cockcroft Anne , Andersson Neil
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

In settler colonial countries, Indigenous people do not necessarily view disability in the same way as do other dominant groups. Indigenous conceptualizations of disability are connected to their ancestral history, cultural customs, and environmental context. Some Indigenous groups do not contain a word that is the equivalent to disability in their native language. To address this gap, this scoping review will map the current literature to identify the perspectives, concepts, and understandings of disability in Indigenous communities in Canada.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this scoping review is to map the literature on perspectives, concepts, and understandings of disability in Indigenous communities in Canada.

METHODS

Following the methodological framework for scoping reviews of Arksey and O’Malley, we will search online databases, including Ovid Medline, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science, CBCA and Autochtonia. We will search gray literature through the Google search engine, conference abstracts, dissertation databases, government documents and Indigenous organization websites. We will include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies in English and French. The included studies will describe Indigenous approaches to disability, as they are understood based on personal, cultural, and historical contexts. Two reviewers will use Covidence software to remove duplicates, screen articles, record the step-by-step selection process, and extract data from the included articles. We will use ResearchRabbit.ai and Elicit with the list of selected articles to identify any additional similar references. All the relevant reports will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. We will report the findings in tables or charts, with accompanying narrative summaries.

RESULTS

It is intended that this scoping review will be completed within 12 months following the publication of this protocol.

CONCLUSIONS

We anticipate that the findings from the scoping review will provide be useful for professionals, researchers, and policymakers interested in designing and implementing evidence-informed disability programs and services for Indigenous communities in Canada, preventing mismatches between the programs and the sociocultural context. The results of this review will be disseminated through conferences, publications in scientific journals, and engagement with relevant stakeholders.

CLINICALTRIAL

The protocol has been registered on the Open Science Framework database (osf.io/9rzkx).
Does Tax Morale Able to Moderate the Relationship Between Perceptions of Corruption and Taxpayer Compliance?
Authors: Subhan Subhan , Ustman Ustman , Fahorrahman Fahorrahman
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of perceptions of corruption on taxpayer compliance with tax morale as a moderating variable.
Methodology/approach: This research is explanatory research. The population in this study amounted to 29.555 Individual Employee Taxpayers. The sampling technique used the slovin method, so the research sample amounted to 100. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire by distributing questionnaires and google forms. The number of questionnaires used in the analysis was 100 questionnaires (100%). Analysis of the data in this study using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA).
Findings: Research results show that tax morale can moderate the relationship between Corruption Perceptions and Taxpayer Compliance, thus high corruption is influenced by low levels of morality and ultimately also has an impact on taxpayer compliance, so as to minimize corruption levels high morale is required.
Practical and Theoretical contribution/Originality: The results of this study confirm the theoretical study of perceptions of corruption on taxpayer compliance by moderating tax morale so that it can be used as a reference for academics. For Fiscus, it can contribute ideas on how tax morale can be increased to reduce public perceptions of corruption so that taxpayer trust and compliance will also increase.
Implementation of project-based learning in assessing the creativity abilities of prospective biology teachers
Authors: Nurkanti Mia , Tresnawati Cita , Aryanti Fitri , Ibrahim Yusuf
Published: February 2024

Developing the 21st century abilities is a challenge for educational institutions, especially when it comes to learning that encourages students to be creative. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the creative capacities of prospective biology teacher students by implementing Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in nutrition science subjects. Performance observation sheets and portfolios were employed in this study, which involved 40 students of biology education at a private educational institution in Bandung. This study used an experimental class by first determining the criteria for the percentage of at least 70%. The results of the study show that the percentage with an average value of 51.80% is included in the sufficient category but is still below the specified average standard. The novelty indicator is 50.65% in the sufficient category the useful indicator is 39.53%, the effect on others is 22.30% and the ability to generalize is 31.53% which is still in the less category. Based on this, overall student creativity after the implementation of PjBL learning in the Nutrition Science course still needs to be improved. Findings of learning using PjBL are able to positively correlate with increasing student learning motivation and independence.
Analogue Quantum Simulation with Fixed-Frequency Transmon Qubits
Authors: Greenaway Sean , Smith Adam , Mintert Florian , Malz Daniel
Published: February 2024

We experimentally assess the suitability of transmon qubits with fixed frequencies and fixed interactions for the realization of analogue quantum simulations of spin systems. We test a set of necessary criteria for this goal on a commercial quantum processor using full quantum process tomography and more efficient Hamiltonian tomography. Significant single qubit errors at low amplitudes are identified as a limiting factor preventing the realization of analogue simulations on currently available devices. We additionally find spurious dynamics in the absence of drive pulses, which we identify with coherent coupling between the qubit and a low dimensional environment. With moderate improvements, analogue simulation of a rich family of time-dependent many-body spin Hamiltonians may be possible.
Accelerating Quantum Algorithms with Precomputation
Authors: Huggins William J. , McClean Jarrod R.
Published: February 2024

Real-world applications of computing can be extremely time-sensitive. It would be valuable if we could accelerate such tasks by performing some of the work ahead of time. Motivated by this, we propose a cost model for quantum algorithms that allows quantum precomputation; i.e., for a polynomial amount of ``free'' computation before the input to an algorithm is fully specified, and methods for taking advantage of it. We analyze two families of unitaries that are asymptotically more efficient to implement in this cost model than in the standard one. The first example of quantum precomputation, based on density matrix exponentiation, could offer an exponential advantage under certain conditions. The second example uses a variant of gate teleportation to achieve a quadratic advantage when compared with implementing the unitaries directly. These examples hint that quantum precomputation may offer a new arena in which to seek quantum advantage.
Labels, taxes, and food reformulation: A tale of sugar in carbonated soft drinks in Ecuador
Authors: Villacis Alexis , Carpio Carlos E. , Boonsaeng Tullaya , Cabrera Tania , Alvarado Rafael
Published: February 2024

The prevalence of obesity has increased significantly worldwide, including in low- and middle-income countries. In Ecuador, a middle-income country, the government has implemented two policies to improve the quality of its population’s diet: (1) a traffic-light (TL) nutritional labeling requirement for processed foods and (2) a special tax scheme for drinks with a high sugar content (HSC). This study examines changes in carbonated soft drink (CSD) sugar formulation and its associated impacts on sugar consumption after the implementation of these two policies. Sugar content in soft drinks was obtained from the National Agency for Health Regulation, Control, and Surveillance (ARCSA) and directly from the labels of carbonated soft drinks sold in the country. CSD monthly purchase data from January 2013 to December 2019 were obtained from the Kantar World Panel (Ecuador). Mixed reactions followed the introduction of the TL in the sugar content reformulation of CSD. In contrast, the implementation of the HSC tax scheme was followed by extensive efforts to reformulate CSD as all brands studied decreased their sugar content. We also found evidence that CSD consumption reduced significantly after the HSC tax scheme was imposed. Overall, sugar consumption linked to CSD decreased after the implementation of these two policies. Still, most of this decrease is related to reformulation activities observed after the HSC tax scheme was implemented.
Return and Risk of Stock Investment in Finance Sector
Authors: Sibarani Bintang Berliana
Published: February 2024

The goal of this study is to offer investors with information to aid in deciding how to allocate their investment dollars. Investment risk results from the discrepancy between the projected return and the actual return; unfavorable risk is brought on by uncertain situations. If macroeconomic conditions are favorable, inflation is under control, exchange rates improve, and interest rates are low, investors will feel secure. Investors look for a return on their investments, either in the form of dividends or capital gains. Investors' behavior toward risk have an impact on investment decisions that are based on risk and return. The five economic circumstances studied in this study are as follows: (1) recession; (2) moderate recession; (3) normal; (4) good; and (5) excellent. The result of this study is investment at BNGA (PT CIMB NIAGA, Tbk) and BBCA (PT BANK CENTRAL ASIA, Tbk) as a high return and low risk. These stocks are recommended in any economic situation. If an investor fits the suggested risk-taker profile, they should consider investing in BNGA; otherwise, they should consider BBCA.
Analysis of Price, Product Quality and Location on Purchasing Decisions (Case Study at D'Top Chicken & Burger, Responsibility Branch)
Authors: Barkah Dwi Ariyanti , Dewi Mulyani Indah , Ernitawati Yenny , Afridah Nur
Published: February 2024

D'Top Chicken & Burger is a franchise business operating in the fast food sector that sells processed food products. Made from fried chicken, it can be combined with other menus. This study aims to analyze the effect of price, product quality and location on purchasing decisions and what factors influence purchasing decisions at D'Top Chicken & Burger, Keuntungan Branch. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation and literature study. The sample determination technique used nonprobability sampling, with incidental sampling, obtaining 100 respondents. The statistical analysis techniques of this research include validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, t test, F test, coefficient of determination (R2), and multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS. The results in this study show that price has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, product quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, location has a negative and insignificant effect on purchasing decisions. D'Top Chicken & Burger, Kenggungan Branch, pays more attention to places of business such as expanding parking lots and supporting infrastructure to create a sense of comfort.
Bibliographic List of Musical Scores (Published from 1906 to 1996) of Zinaida Gippius’ Poems
Authors:   University of Strasbourg, Blinova Olga A.
Published: February 2024

The present bibliographic list is the most comprehensive working material to date for an alphabetical bibliography of publications of musical works written on the words of Zinaida Gippius. Based on the works of Aleksey Ikonnikov, Mark Gekhtman, Marina Lobanova, Elena Lobanova and Armen Gevorkyan, it covers the period from 1906 to 1996 and includes the names of five composers: Vsevolod Bagadurov, Lev Drizo, Nikolai Myaskovsky, Sergei Prokofiev and Nikolai Roslavets. It gathers data from eleven editions and six republications; three of these seventeen publications are produced abroad. The list and the preamble which introduces it show that the lyrics of thirty poems by Gippius, published for the first time in Russia, were set to music, and that, at the present time, no musical piece on the verses emerged in exile was found. The use of the same Gippius’ poems by different composers, as well as uncompleted projects of musical creations on the texts of the writer, their story being related in the preamble, are noted facts of particular value for the study of personal and artistic relationships between musicians-composers and the literary environment. The number and varied craftsmanship (from the correct syllabic tonic to free verse) of Gippius’ poems, chosen or noticed by the finest Russian musical avant-garde, serve to a certain extend as a refutation of the myth of the “non-musicality” of both her texts and the poetess herself.
Poetics of Translation and Poetics of Motive: “Oedipus the King” Translated by D.S. Merezhkovsky
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Teperik Tamara F.
Published: February 2024

In this article, the translation principles of D.S. Merezhkosky are considered on the basis of the tragedy of Sophocles Oedipus Rex. Since the key motives of this tragedy are the motive of guilt and the motive of the crime, it is important how this is reflected in the translations, given the differences in the lexical means of the Russian and Greek languages. The article draws attention to the fact that Merezhkovsky conveyed various Greek words and expressions with vocabulary associated with the concept of “evil”. “Evil”, “villainy”, “crime”, “evil”, all this vocabulary does not change the original, but clarifies it, emphasizing the most important semantic motive of the tragedy. Oedipus treats his guilt, albeit involuntary, objectively, that is, as a crime, as an evil caused by him, albeit against his will, to other people. Calling himself a “villain”, the hero considers himself a criminal, he takes responsibility for the suffering caused to others, which is one of the moral lessons of this tragedy. Thus, abandoning the strategy of literal translation, Merezhkovsky was able to convey the main ideological meaning of the tragedy of Sophocles, not reducible to the “tragedy of rock”.
Inversion 3: Speaking Surfaces
Authors: Natasha Barrett
Published: February 2024

"Inversion 3: Speaking Surfaces" was commissioned by the musikprotokoll festival in Graz Austria. It was installed both inside and outside the MUMUTH (The House of Music and Music Theatre), Lichtenfelsgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria. It played in all weathers from the 7th-9th September 2021.
Group discussions on methods and places, 2020
Authors: Natasha Barrett
Published: February 2024

Summary of group discussions on methods and places
Geochemistry of neutral mine drainage at sulfide deposits ‒ example of the „Grot“ Pb-Zn mine, South-Eastern Serbia
Authors: Kretic Snezana , Strbacki Jana , Atanackovic Nebojsa
Published: February 2024

This study examines the chemistry of mine waters of the ?Grot? Pb? ?Zn mine and identifies the hydrogeochemical factors that influence the formation of mine waters chemical composition. Eleven mine water samples were collected at six locations across the area of Kriva Feja in order to determine their chemical composition. Data analysis revealed that the waters belong to the HCO3 -?SO4 2-?Ca2+ and SO4 2-?Ca2+ water types, with neutral pH values. The concentrations of metals in these waters (zinc, lead, barium, copper, chromium) are generally low, and most of the samples meet drinking water quality criteria (USEPA standards). Modelling using the PHREEQC software indicates that the dominant processes in the formation of the chemical composition of these waters are the dissolution of carbonate minerals and the oxidation of sulphide minerals. Carbonate minerals have a scarcer occurrence compared to sulphide minerals, such as galena, sphalerite and pyrite, which are dominantly distributed. The low intensity of sulphide mineral oxidation is interpreted to result from a rapid water exchange and reduced contact time between the water and the rock. The occurrence of this process is localized only in the ore body zone. This study highlights the importance of kinetics (in terms of the chemical reaction rate) as the main factor influencing the oxidation of sulphide minerals and, subsequently the quality of mine waters.
The First PCAOB Director of Registration and Inspections George Henry Diacont
Authors: Keyser John D.
Published: February 2024

George Diacont was the first Director of Registration and Inspections for the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). Diacont joined the PCAOB in March 2003, shortly after it commenced operations. His approach was to build a team of highly skilled professionals and encourage them to contribute their best ideas. His leadership style was to support his team, listen to their ideas, and make the best decisions possible without concern for praise or recognition. He also worked to instill a “regulatory attitude” in the former auditors who had become inspectors. This paper describes Diacont’s long and distinguished career in government service beginning with his military service in the U.S. Marine Corps. He spent 24 years at the Securities and Exchange Commission and five years in the Listing Investigation group at the NASDAQ stock market. He served nearly eight years at the PCAOB before he retired in 2011.

JEL Classifications: M4.
Redefining Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Perturbations in Substrate Metabolism at the Heart of Its Pathology
Authors: Heather Lisa C. , Gopal Keshav , Srnic Nikola , Ussher John R.
Published: February 2024

Cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of death in people with diabetes, most notably from macrovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction or heart failure. Diabetes also increases the risk of a specific form of cardiomyopathy, referred to as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM), originally defined as ventricular dysfunction in the absence of underlying coronary artery disease and/or hypertension. Herein, we provide an overview on the key mediators of DbCM, with an emphasis on the role for perturbations in cardiac substrate metabolism. We discuss key mechanisms regulating metabolic dysfunction in DbCM, with additional focus on the role of metabolites as signaling molecules within the diabetic heart. Furthermore, we discuss the preclinical approaches to target these perturbations to alleviate DbCM. With several advancements in our understanding, we propose the following as a new definition for, or approach to classify, DbCM: “diastolic dysfunction in the presence of altered myocardial metabolism in a person with diabetes but absence of other known causes of cardiomyopathy and/or hypertension.” However, we recognize that no definition can fully explain the complexity of why some individuals with DbCM exhibit diastolic dysfunction, whereas others develop systolic dysfunction. Due to DbCM sharing pathological features with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the latter of which is more prevalent in the population with diabetes, it is imperative to determine whether effective management of DbCM decreases HFpEF prevalence.

Article Highlights
Disparities in Acute and Chronic Complications of Diabetes Along the U.S. Rural-Urban Continuum
Authors: Steiger Kyle , Herrin Jeph , Sindhu Swarna Kavya , M Davis Esa , G McCoy Rozalina
Published: February 2024

Objective: To determine the relative hazards of acute and chronic diabetes complications among those with diabetes across the U.S. rural-urban continuum.

Research Design and Methods: This retrospective cohort study used OptumLabs® Data Warehouse, a deidentified dataset of U.S. commercial and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries to follow 2,901,563 adults (age>18) with diabetes between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2021. We compared adjusted hazard ratios of diabetes complications in remote areas (population <2,500), small towns (population 2,500-50,000), and cities (population >50,000).

Results: Compared to residents of cities, residents of remote areas had greater hazards of myocardial infarction (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10) and revascularization (HR 1.04, 1.02-1.06) but lower hazards of hyperglycemia (HR 0.90, 0.83-0.98) and stroke (HR 0.91, 0.88-0.95). Compared to cities, residents of small towns had greater hazards of hyperglycemia (HR 1.06, 1.02-1.10), hypoglycemia (HR 1.15, 1.12-1.18), end-stage kidney disease (HR 1.04, 1.03-1.06), myocardial infarction (HR 1.10, 1.08-1.12), heart failure (HR 1.05, 1.03-1.06), amputation (HR 1.05, 1.02-1.09), other lower extremity complications (HR 1.02, 1.01-1.03), and revascularization (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06) but smaller hazard of stroke (HR 0.95, 0.94-0.97). Compared to small towns, those in remote areas had lower hazard of hyperglycemia (HR 0.85, 0.78-0.93), hypoglycemia (HR 0.92, 0.87-0.97), and heart failure (HR 0.94, 0.91-0.97). Hazards of retinopathy and atrial fibrillation/flutter did not vary geographically.

Conclusions: Adults in small towns were disproportionately impacted by complications of diabetes. Future studies should probe for the reasons underlying these disparities.
CD4+ T cells from individuals with type 1 diabetes respond to a novel class of deamidated peptides formed in pancreatic islets
Authors: Callebaut Aїsha , Guyer Perrin , Derua Rita , Buitinga Mijke , Manganaro Anthony , Yi Xiaoyan , Marques Câmara Sodré Fernanda , Vig Saurabh , Suleiman Mara , Marchetti Piero , L. Eizirik Decio , C. Kent Sally , Mathieu Chantal , A. James Eddie , Overbergh Lut
Published: February 2024

The β-cell plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, in part through the post-translational modification of self-proteins by biochemical processes such as deamidation. These neoantigens are potential triggers for breaking immune tolerance. We report the detection by LC-MS/MS of 16 novel Gln and 27 novel Asn deamidations in 14 disease-related proteins within inflammatory cytokine-stressed human islets of Langerhans. T-cell clones responsive against one Gln and three Asn deamidated peptides could be isolated from peripheral blood of individuals with type 1 diabetes. Ex vivo HLA class II tetramer staining detected higher T-cell frequencies in individuals with the disease compared to control individuals. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the frequencies of T cells specific for deamidated peptides, insulin antibody levels at diagnosis, and duration of disease. These results highlight that stressed human islets are prone to enzymatic and biochemical deamidation and suggest that both Gln and Asn deamidated peptides can promote the activation and expansion of autoreactive CD4+ T cells. These findings add to the growing evidence that post-translational modifications undermine tolerance and may open the road for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic applications for individuals living with type 1 diabetes.
Persepsi dan Keinginan Siswa Tentang Iklim Sekolah di SMA Negeri 7 Padang dan SMA Negeri 8 Padang
Authors: Anisa Putri Ayu , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Irsyad Irsyad , Alkadri Hanif
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi hasil observasi penulis yang dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 7 Padang dan di SMA Negeri 8 Padang yang menunjukkan bahwa belum kondusifnya iklim sekolah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh data dan informasi mengenai persepsi (Actual) dan keinginan siswa (Preferred) terhadap iklim sekolah berdasarkan aspek: 1) Dukungan kepada peserta didik, 2) Afiliasi, 3) Partisipasi Siswa, 4) Kepercayaan, 5) Inovasi, 6) Aturan dan norma, 7) Kelengkapan sumber, 8) Kenyamanan lingkungan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deksriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi sebanyak 1242 siswa  dengan sampel sebanyak 111 siswa yang diambil menggunakan metode Stratified Proportional Random Sampling. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah angket dalam bentuk skala likert yang sudah di uji cobakan untuk mengetahui nilai validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hasil penelitian persepsi siswa (Actual) di SMA Negeri 7 Padang yang dilihat dari aspek dukungan kepada peserta didik,  afiliasi, partisipasi siswa, kepercayaan,  inovasi, aturan dan norma, kelengkapan sumber serta kenyamanan lingkungan tergolong kondusif dengan skor rata-rata persepsi siswa 4,3 sedangkan keinginan siswa (Preferred) 4,6; di samping itu, persepsi siswa (Actual) di SMA Negeri 8 Padang juga tergolong kondusif dengan skor rata-rata 43 dan skor keinginan siswa (Preferred)  sebesar 44.
Diskriminasi Pada Masa Kolonialisme Belanda Dan Jepang Dalam Novel Bumi Manusia Dan Novel Perburuan Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer : Sebuah Studi Historiografi
Authors: Fallihah Yumna Asar Adzra , Hardi Etmi
Published: February 2024

Studi ini mengkaji kajian historiografi dalam dua novel sejarah, yaitu novel Bumi Manusia dan novel Perburuan karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi bangsa Indonesia pada masa penjajahan Belanda dan Jepang di Indonesia dalam kedua novel karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan historiografi dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yaitu metode kepustakaan. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah mengumpulkan data tertulis, membaca, mencatat, dan mengolah bahan penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Indonesia mengalami berbagai macam diskriminasi yang disebabkan oleh bangsa Eropa serta Jepang. Diskriminasi yang dialami bangsa indonesia berupa diskriminasi ras atau etnis, sosial, jenis kelamin, agama,  dan ekonomi.
Strategi Pengembangan Kurikulum Bagi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) di Yayasan Anugrah Dwinata Sejahtera SLB Dwinata
Authors: Karmila Desi
Published: February 2024

SLB merupakan salah satu sekolah luar biasa di Padang yang memberikan pelayanan pendidikan bagi anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus,  khususnya anak  autis. Pada dasarnya kurikulum  Anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) dan anak normal, pasti sama dalam tujuan dalam kurikulumnya, yakni sama-sama untuk membentuk perilaku anak didik. Adapun Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang strategi pengembangan  kurikulum khusus autis di SLB Autis Dwinata. Metode yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini, termasuk jenis penelitian pustaka (Library Research) dan menggunakan data kualitatif. Perubahan kurikulum yang terjadi saat ini menunjukkan bahwa kurikulum rentan terhadap perubahan sosial. Meskipun perubahan tetap terjadi, tampaknya tidak ada kurikulum yang membedakannya penggunaan antara siswa normal dan siswa berkebutuhan khusus (baik fisik maupun mental). Meskipun kurikulumnya sama, guru mungkin menerapkan strategi dan metode yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, guru tidak hanya profesional dalam mengajar, tetapi juga memiliki kompetensi khusus dibandingkan mereka yang mengajar siswa normal.  kompetensi yang dimaksud di sini bukanlah kompetensi profesional, pedagogi, kepribadian, atau sosial. Sebaliknya, itu adalah kompetensi spiritual di mana guru mengajar dengan hati, bukan dengan materi (uang).
BAHASA MADURA DAN INDONESIA SEBAGAI PENGANTAR IBADAH DAN PELAJARAN AGAMA DI GKJW PEPANTAN PALERAN
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, El Adibah Elisa Dourothun Nafis , Mariska Renita Bella ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, Nurhayati Alfisyah ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember
Published: February 2024

Language is a cultural element that every country has with its uniqueness. Madura language is the local language used by the people of Jember, especially Paleran Village. In addition to Madurese, the national language is also used in everyday life. Language has a function as a communication tool to convey information to others. With this, it is interesting that researchers want to study the strategy of using Madurese and Indonesian languages as an introduction to worship and religious lessons at GKJW Pepantan Paleran. There are three formulations of the problem studied, including: First, why Madura and Indonesian are used as an introduction to worship and religious lessons in the Church. Second, how is the strategy of using the Madurese and Indonesian languages as an introduction to worship activities and providing religious lessons in the church?. Third, how to implement Madurese and Indonesian languages as an introduction to worship and and provision of religious lessons in the church. This study uses empirical research methods with a literature study approach based on a descriptive qualitative data approach. The results of the research show that the Madurese language is the daily language of the people of Paleran hamlet. First, the use of the Madura language as an introduction is carried out in Sunday worship activities. The Madurese language is used because it makes it easier to convey the Bible written in Madurese. Second, the use of Indonesian is used for religious learning for children, youth, and adults such as mothers and fathers.
A Study on the Factors Affecting the Job Satisfaction of Workers with Developmental Disabilities employed in a Social Farm: Focusing on a Case of Purme Smart Farm
Authors:   Korean Society of vocational Rehabilitation, Han Ki Myung , Cui Li Na , Lee Ji Sun
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to employment and factors affecting job satisfaction of workers with developmental disabilities. Survey data was collected from 31 workers with developmental disabilities who were employed as permanent employees at a social farm. Survey questions consisted of questions such as reasons for employment choices, difficulties in working, and job satisfaction and were extracted from Survey of Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled.
Descriptive statistics and multi-linear regression analysis were performed. As a result of the study, it was found that the stability of job maintenance as permanent employees, remuneration above the minimum wage, and close persons’ recommendations played a major role as reasons for choosing the current employment. The level of job satisfaction of study participants was significantly higher than that of all people with disabilities. As a result of examining the factors affecting the job satisfaction, the family s support for employment, the workers’ interpersonal skills, and the receipt of national basic living security significantly associated to the job satisfaction. Based on these results, the following suggestions were made. First, in order to increase job satisfaction of people with developmental disabilities, it is important that the family’s support for employment and work life. Second, there is a need for an education and training program that allows workers to learn interpersonal skills to interact with colleagues in the workplace. Third, active support and further research should be people with developmental disabilities in social farming that can guarantee permanent employment.
A Study on the Exploration of Performance Indicators of Employment Support Services for Persons with Disabilities in all ministries: Through Delphi Survey of Expert Panel
Authors:   Korean Society of vocational Rehabilitation, Park Da-Won , Lee Ju-Young , Kim Won-Ho
Published: February 2024

This study is to explore the performance indicators of employment support services for the disabled in all ministries. Accordingly, the elements of the performance indicators such as items, factors, specific indicators, and evaluation of the performance indicators are checked. For the research study, Delphi research was conducted through the composition of the expert panel. The expert panel consisted of a total of 4 sessions and invited experts from each field, such as special education, social welfare, vocational rehabilitation, and disability determination. The survey was conducted from September to November 2021. The results of the search for the performance indicators of the inter-ministerial employment support service for the disabled are as follows. First, it is important to check the indicators of inter-ministerial linkage and collaboration among important performance factors, and indicators of efficient service provision. Second, among the performance indicators of information processing, accuracy and workload reduction are important for business performance, connectivity and integration, usability, responsiveness, and convenience are important performance factors for policy performance, and responsiveness and convenience are important performance factors for customer performance. Third, results similar to information processing were confirmed in the use of the online system. Finally, suggestions for follow-up research and the significance of the research are suggested.