bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive evaluations of diurnal NO2 measurements during DISCOVER-AQ 2011: effects of resolution-dependent representation of NOx emissions
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Wang Yuhang , Zhang Ruixiong , Smeltzer Charles , Weinheimer Andrew , Herman Jay , Boersma K. Folkert , Celarier Edward A. , Long Russell W. , Szykman James J. , Delgado Ruben , Thompson Anne M. , Knepp Travis N. , Lamsal Lok N. , Janz Scott J. , Kowalewski Matthew G. , Liu Xiong , Nowlan Caroline R.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) play a crucial role in the formation of ozone and secondary inorganic
and organic aerosols, thus affecting human health, global radiation budget, and climate. The diurnal and spatial variations in NO2 are
functions of emissions, advection, deposition, vertical mixing, and chemistry. Their observations, therefore, provide useful constraints in our
understanding of these factors. We employ a Regional chEmical and trAnsport model (REAM) to analyze the observed temporal (diurnal cycles) and
spatial distributions of NO2 concentrations and tropospheric vertical column densities (TVCDs) using aircraft in situ measurements and surface EPA Air Quality System (AQS) observations as well as the measurements of TVCDs by satellite instruments (OMI: the Ozone Monitoring Instrument; GOME-2A: Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment – 2A), ground-based Pandora, and the Airborne Compact Atmospheric Mapper (ACAM) instrument in July 2011 during the DISCOVER-AQ campaign over the Baltimore–Washington region. The model simulations at 36 and 4 km resolutions are in reasonably good agreement with the regional mean temporospatial NO2 observations in the daytime. However, we find significant overestimations (underestimations) of model-simulated NO2 (O3) surface concentrations during nighttime, which can be mitigated by enhancing nocturnal vertical mixing in the model. Another discrepancy is that Pandora-measured NO2 TVCDs show much less variation in the late afternoon than simulated in the model. The higher-resolution 4 km simulations tend to show larger biases compared to the observations due largely to the larger spatial variations in NOx emissions in the model when the model spatial resolution is increased from 36 to 4 km. OMI, GOME-2A, and the high-resolution aircraft ACAM observations show a more dispersed distribution of NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) and lower VCDs in urban regions than corresponding 36 and 4 km model simulations, likely reflecting the spatial distribution bias of NOx emissions in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) 2011.
Effect of neutral winds on the creation of non-specular meteor trail echoes
Authors: Galindo Freddy , Urbina Julio , Dyrud Lars
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Non-specular meteor trail echoes are radar reflections from plasma instabilities that are caused by field-aligned irregularities. Meteor simulations are examined to show that these plasma instabilities, and thus the associated meteor trail echo, strongly depend on the meteoroid properties and the characteristics of the atmosphere in which the meteoroid is embedded. The effects of neutral winds, as a function of altitude, are analyzed to understand how their amplitude variability impacts the temporal–space signatures of non-specular meteor trail echoes present in very high-frequency (VHF) radar observations. It is found that amplitudes of the total horizontal neutral wind smaller than 0.6 m s−1 do not provide the right physical conditions to enable the genesis of non-specular meteor echoes. It is also found that a 0.0316 µg meteoroid traveling at 35 km s−1 can be seen as a meteor trail echo if the amplitudes of horizontal neutral winds are stronger than 15 m s−1. In contrast, a 0.316 µg meteoroid, traveling at the same speed, requires horizontal winds stronger than 1 m s−1 to be visible as a meteor trail echo. The neutral velocity threshold illustrates how simulations show that no trail echo is created below a critical wind value. This critical wind value is not mapped directly to radar observations, but it is used to shed light on the physics of meteor trails and improve their modeling. The meteor simulations also indicate that time delays on the order of hundreds of milliseconds or longer, between head echoes and non-specular echoes, which are present in VHF backscatter radar maps, can be a consequence of very dense plasma trails being affected by weak horizontal neutral winds that are smaller than 1 m s−1.
Land Management Contributes significantly to observed Vegetation Browning in Syria during 2001–2018
Authors: Chen Tiexi , Guo Renjie , He Xiaogang , Yan Qingyun , Zhou Shengjie , Chen Xin , Liang Chuanzhuang , Wei Xueqiong , Dolman Han
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Climate change and human activities have significant impacts on terrestrial vegetation. Syria is a typical arid region with a water-limited ecosystem and has experienced severe social unrest over the last decades. In this study, changes in vegetation and potential drivers in Syria are investigated. By using an enhanced vegetation index (EVI), a general browning trend is found in Syria during 2001–2018 with the EVI decreasing at a rate of −0.8 × 10−3 yr−1 (p < 0.1). The decrease of the EVI is mainly found in the north region, whereas the west region still maintains an increasing trend. The residual analysis indicates that besides precipitation, human activities also contribute significantly to the EVI decrease, which is confirmed by the decrease in rainfall use efficiency. In order to reach a more reliable conclusion, a comparative analysis is carried out in the Khabur River Basin where croplands are widely distributed in adjacent regions of Syria and Turkey. The time series of the EVIs over these two regions are highly correlated (r = 0.8027, p < 0.001), indicating that both regions are affected by similar climate forcing. However, vegetation in Syria and Turkey illustrates contrary browning (−3 × 10−3 yr−1, p < 0.01) and greening trends (4.5 × 10−3 yr−1, p < 0.01), respectively. Relative reports have reported that social unrest had induced insufficient irrigation and lack of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and field managements. Therefore, we concluded that the decline of vegetation in the north Syria is driven by the change of land managements.
Atmospheric Entry Probes in the Outer Solar System: Developing a Software Tool to Assess Trajectory Options
Authors: Probst Alena , Spilker Linda J. , Spilker Thomas R. , Atkinson David H. , Mousis Olivier J. , Hofstadter Mark , Simon Amy
Published: July 2021

The composition of outer planet atmospheres holds fundamental clues to understanding the formation and evolution of the solar system. Measurements of noble gas abundances and key isotope ratios help constrain formation models, and along with measurements of atmospheric structure and dynamics they reveal formation and evolutionary processes [1], [2]. These enable conclusions about giant planet formation and possible migration during the epoch of solar system formation. With the Galileo Probe laying the foundation of in situ atmospheric measurements of the outer planets by exploring Jupiter, entry probe missions to Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are essential to complete the picture of how our solar system evolved to its present state.

 

During the development of entry probe missions, the interplanetary and probe approach trajectory, as well as the selection of the entry interface zone, are critical elements to mission success. Both elements are driven by considerations such as spacecraft safety (e.g. avoiding rings), while balancing science and engineering requirements at the same time (e.g. highly interesting science and entry zone vs. optimal communication geometry between probe and relay spacecraft). Due to the complexity of the problem, there is no analytical solution for finding the ‘best’ trajectory. Instead, one relies on the experience and intuition of mission designers to select a few possible interplanetary trajectories, which are then explored in detail to see how they meet science and engineering requirements. This approach leaves a huge trade space unexplored and may find a local, rather than a global optimum trajectory for the mission.

 

We are addressing this gap by developing a software tool called VAPRE (Visualization of Atmospheric PRobe Entry Conditions for different bodies and trajectories) [3], [4] that allows us to explore those previously unexplored trade spaces. VAPRE can process thousands of trajectories, significantly more than in the currently common mission design processes. Due to its flexible architecture, VAPRE can be adapted and extended to accommodate new science and engineering constraints for different or similar mission scenarios. In our talk, we will present an example of how the tool can be used to design a flyby mission to a giant planet that delivers an atmospheric probe considering opportunities between 2028 and 2042.
urbanChemFoam 1.0: large-eddy simulation of non-stationary chemical transport of traffic emissions in an idealized street canyon
Authors: Chan Edward C. , Butler Timothy M.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This paper describes a large-eddy simulation based chemical transport
model, developed under the OpenFOAM framework, implemented
to simulate dispersion and chemical transformation of nitrogen oxides
from traffic sources in an idealized street canyon. The dynamics of
the model, in terms of mean velocity and turbulent fluctuation, are
evaluated using available stationary measurements. A transient model
run using a photostationary reaction mechanism for nitrogen oxides and
ozone subsequently follows, where non-stationary conditions for
meteorology, background concentrations, and traffic emissions are applied
over a 24 h period, using regional model data and measurements obtained
for the city of Berlin in July 2014. Diurnal variations of pollutant
concentrations indicate dependence on emission levels, background
concentrations, and solar state. Comparison of vertical and horizontal
profiles with corresponding stationary model runs at select times show
that while there are only slight differences in velocity magnitude, visible
changes in primary and secondary flow structures can be observed.
In addition, temporal variations in diurnal profile and cumulative
species concentration result in significant deviations in computed
pollutant concentrations between transient and stationary model runs.
Oil palm modelling in the global land surface model ORCHIDEE-MICT
Authors: Xu Yidi , Ciais Philippe , Yu Le , Li Wei , Chen Xiuzhi , Zhang Haicheng , Yue Chao , Kanniah Kasturi , Cracknell Arthur P. , Gong Peng
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Oil palm is the most productive oil crop that provides
∼ 40 % of the global vegetable oil supply, with 7 % of the
cultivated land devoted to oil plants. The rapid expansion of oil palm
cultivation is seen as one of the major causes for deforestation emissions
and threatens the conservation of rain forest and swamp areas and their
associated ecosystem services in tropical areas. Given the importance of oil
palm in oil production and its adverse environmental consequences, it is
important to understand the physiological and phenological processes of oil
palm and its impacts on the carbon, water and energy cycles. In most global
vegetation models, oil palm is represented by generic plant functional types
(PFTs) without specific representation of its morphological, physical and
physiological traits. This would cause biases in the subsequent simulations.
In this study, we introduced a new specific PFT for oil palm in the global
land surface model ORCHIDEE-MICT (v8.4.2, Organising Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems–aMeliorated
Interactions between Carbon and Temperature). The specific morphology,
phenology and harvest process of oil palm were implemented, and the plant
carbon allocation scheme was modified to support the growth of the branch and
fruit component of each phytomer. A new age-specific parameterization scheme
for photosynthesis, autotrophic respiration and carbon allocation was also
developed for the oil palm PFT, based on observed physiology, and was
calibrated by observations. The improved model generally reproduces the leaf
area index, biomass density and fruit yield during the life cycle at 14
observation sites. Photosynthesis, carbon allocation and biomass components
for oil palm also agree well with observations. This explicit representation
of oil palm in a global land surface model offers a useful tool for
understanding the ecological processes of oil palm growth and assessing the
environmental impacts of oil palm plantations.
An aerosol classification scheme for global simulations using the K-means machine learning method
Authors: Li Jingmin , Hendricks Johannes , Righi Mattia , Beer Christof G.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. A machine learning K-means algorithm is applied to data of seven aerosol properties from a global aerosol simulation using EMAC-MADE3. The aim is to partition the aerosol properties across the global atmosphere in specific aerosol regimes. K-means is an unsupervised machine learning method with the advantage that an a priori definition of the aerosol classes is not required. Using K-means, we are able to quantitatively define global aerosol regimes, so-called aerosol clusters, and explain their internal properties as well as their location and extension. This analysis shows that aerosol regimes in the lower troposphere are strongly influenced by emissions. Key drivers of the clusters’ internal properties and spatial distribution are, for instance, pollutants from biomass burning/biogenic sources, mineral dust, anthropogenic pollution, as well as their mixing. Several continental clusters propagate into oceanic regions. The identified oceanic regimes show a higher degree of pollution in the northern hemisphere than over the southern oceans. With increasing altitude, the aerosol regimes propagate from emission-induced clusters in the lower troposphere to roughly zonally distributed regimes in the middle troposphere and in the tropopause region. Notably, three polluted clusters identified over Africa, India and eastern China, cover the whole atmospheric column from the lower troposphere to the tropopause region. A markedly wide application potential of the classification procedure is identified and further aerosol studies are proposed which could benefit from this classification.
A description of the first open source community release of the 1D atmospheric chemistry model MISTRA-v9.0
Authors: Bock Josué , Kaiser Jan , Thomas Max , Bott Andreas , von Glasow Roland
Published: July 2021

Abstract. We present MISTRA-v9.0, a one dimensional (1D) atmospheric chemistry model. The model includes a detailed particle description with regards to the microphysics, gas-particle interactions, and liquid phase chemistry within particles. Version 9.0 is the first release of MISTRA as an open-source community model. A major review of the code has been performed along with this public version release to improve the user-friendliness and platform-independence of the model. In the past 20 years, MISTRA has been used in over 25 studies to address a wide range of scientific questions. The purpose of this public release is to maximise the benefit of MISTRA to the community by making the model freely available and easier to use and develop. This paper presents a thorough description of the model characteristics and components. We show some examples of simulations reproducing previous studies with MISTRA, finding that version 9.0 is consistent with previous versions.
Extreme floods in Europe: going beyond observations using reforecast ensemble pooling
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Slater Louise
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Assessing the rarity and magnitude of very extreme flood events occurring less than twice a century is challenging due to the lack of observations of such rare events. Here we develop a new approach, pooling reforecast ensemble members from the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) to increase the sample size available to estimate the frequency of extreme local and regional flood events. We assess the added value of such pooling, determine where in Central Europe one might expect the most extreme events, and evaluate how event extremeness is related to physiographic and meteorological catchment characteristics. We work with a set of 234 catchments from the Global Runoff Data Center for which performance of simulated floods is satisfactory when compared to observed streamflow. We pool EFAS-simulated flood events for 10 perturbed ensemble members and lead times from 22 to 46 days, where flood events are only weakly dependent (< 0.25 average correlation across lead times). The resulting large ensemble (130 time series instead of one) enables analyses of very extreme events, which occur less than twice a century. We demonstrate that such ensemble pooling produces more robust estimates with considerably reduced uncertainty bounds (by ~80 % on average) than observation-based estimates but may equally introduce biases arising from the simulated meteorology and hydrological model. Our results show that specific flood return levels are highest in steep and wet regions and are comparably low in regions with strong flow regulation through dams. Furthermore, our pooled flood estimates indicate that the probability of regional flooding is higher in Central Europe and Great Britain than in Scandinavia. We conclude that reforecast ensemble pooling is an efficient approach to increase sample size and to derive robust local and regional flood estimates in regions with sufficient hydrological model performance.
Leveraging multi-model season-ahead streamflow forecasts to trigger advanced flood preparedness in Peru
Authors: Keating Colin , Lee Donghoon , Bazo Juan , Block Paul
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Disaster planning has historically allocated minimal
effort and finances toward advanced preparedness; however, evidence supports
reduced vulnerability to flood events, saving lives and money, through
appropriate early actions. Among other requirements, effective early action
systems necessitate the availability of high-quality forecasts to inform
decision making. In this study, we evaluate the ability of statistical and
physically based season-ahead prediction models to appropriately trigger
flood early preparedness actions based on a 75 % or greater probability of
surpassing the 80th percentile of historical seasonal streamflow for
the flood-prone Marañón River and Piura River in Peru. The
statistical prediction model, developed in this work, leverages the
asymmetric relationship between seasonal streamflow and the ENSO phenomenon.
Additionally, a multi-model (least-squares combination) is also evaluated
against current operational practices. The statistical prediction
demonstrates superior performance compared to the physically based model for
the Marañón River by correctly triggering preparedness actions in
three out of four historical occasions, while both the statistical and
multi-model predictions capture all four historical events when the required
threshold exceedance probability is reduced to 50 %, with only one false
alarm. For the Piura River, the statistical model proves superior to all
other approaches, correctly triggering 28 % more often in the hindcast
period. Continued efforts should focus on applying this season-ahead
prediction framework to additional flood-prone locations where early actions
may be warranted and current forecast capacity is limited.
Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory Models for Ice-Jam Prediction
Authors: Madaeni Fatemehalsadat , Chokmani Karem , Lhissou Rachid , Homayuni Saeid , Gauthier Yves , Tolszczuk-Leclerc Simon
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In cold regions, ice-jam events result in severe flooding due to a rapid rise in water levels upstream of the jam. These floods threaten human safety and damage properties and infrastructures as the floods resulting from ice-jams are sudden. Hence, the ice-jam prediction tools can give an early warning to increase response time and minimize the possible corresponding damages. However, the ice-jam prediction has always been a challenging problem as there is no analytical method available for this purpose. Nonetheless, ice jams form when some hydro-meteorological conditions happen, a few hours to a few days before the event. The ice-jam prediction problem can be considered as a binary multivariate time-series classification. Deep learning techniques have been successfully applied for time-series classification in many fields such as finance, engineering, weather forecasting, and medicine. In this research, we successfully applied CNN, LSTM, and combined CN-LSTM networks for ice-jam prediction for all the rivers in Quebec. The results show that the CN-LSTM model yields the best results in the validation and generalization with F1 scores of 0.82 and 0.91, respectively. This demonstrates that CNN and LSTM models are complementary, and a combination of them further improves classification.
The interiors of a Protestant church as a sign of social conservativeness of the nobility in the Duchy of Prussia
Authors: Birecki Piotr
Published: July 2021

Artykuł szkicuje zmiany reformacyjne w Prusach Książęcych zainicjowane przez Albrechta Hohenzollerna oraz przedstawia rolę obrazu – dzieła, którego rolą jest wsparcie procesu chrystianizacji Prusów oraz nauczania podstawowych prawd wiary uwypuklonych przez teologię luterańską. Autor przedstawia najpierw wygaszenie ruchów ikonoklastycznych przez władze księstwa w czasie definiowania roli obrazu w nowym Kościele oraz podjętą przez Marcina Lutra
ewolucyjną drogę eliminacji obrazu jako medium pomiędzy Bogiem a człowiekiem. Obraz pozostał aż do II połowy XVIII wieku istotnym elementem wyposażenia kościoła tworzonym w wiodącym ośrodku artystycznym jakim był Królewiec i pracujący w nim artyści.Budowa luterańskiego państwa w Prusach Książęcych wiązała się z wymianą elit władzy, odejściem zakonników krzyżackich i oparciem się księcia o nową, napływającą do Prus arystokrację. Mimo wymiany elit nastąpiło skostnienie struktur społecznych w Prusach, bowiem zachowano feudalną strukturę władzy. Ośrodkiem decyzyjnym pozostał Królewiec, a książę ciągle miał decydujący wpływ na obsadę stanowisk duchownych oraz na wszelkie inicjatywy kolatorów związane z budową kaplic rodowych, nowego wyposażenia czy przeprowadzanych remontów. Szlachta wykorzystywała sztukę jako narzędzie do autoprezentacji, komemoracji własne-go rodu oraz niejako sprywatyzowała wnętrze wiejskiego kościoła parafialnego wprowadzając epitafia, płyty nagrobne oraz elementy heraldyczne na ołtarze, empory, organy i konfesjonały.Ikonografia przedstawień liturgicznych pozostała odporna na nowe ruchy wewnątrz luteranizmu, takie jak pietyzm, który proponował nowe przedstawienia malarskie, ale przegrał z tradycyjną, dydaktyczną ikonografią ołtarzy, empor, chrzcielnic i ambon. Wnętrze kościoła luterańskiego w Prusach do końca epoki nowożytnej nie uległo zasadniczym zmianom i skon-centrowało się zarówno na utrwalaniu chwały rodowej kolatora jak i ilustrowaniu rudymentarnych prawd konfesji luterańskiej.
A plebiscite that did not take place. The path towards dividing Cieszyn Silesia
Authors: Pałys Piotr
Published: July 2021

Wobec załamania austro-węgierskiego aparatu państwowego Polacy i Czesi podjęli działania zmierzające do przejęcia kontroli nad obszarem Śląska Cieszyńskiego. 5 listopada 1918 r. doszło do umowy regulującej strefy wpływów. W Pradze porozumienie od początku przyjmowano z niechęcią, jednak w momencie jego zawierania za sprawę o pierwszoplanowym znaczeniu uznano likwidację niemieckiej irredenty. Po opanowaniu do końca 1918 r. wszystkich miejscowości Śląska Opawskiego, 3 stycznia 1919 r. rozpoczęli działania agresywne na Śląsku Cieszyńskim. Wojska czechosłowackie ostatecznie zostały powstrzymane pod Skoczowem. Rada Najwyższa ustaliła 3 lutego 2019 r. linię rozgraniczenia, pozostawiając w czeskich rękach koszyckobogumińską linię kolejową. Czesi, powołując się na prawa historyczne, dążyli do rozgraniczenia na rzece Białce (Karel Kramář) lub górnej Wisły (Edvard Beneš). Polacy obstawali przy rozgraniczeniu z 5 listopada 1918 r. Wobec braku akceptacji dla kolejnych propozycji rozgraniczenia, 11 września 1919 r. Rada Najwyższa podjęła decyzję o plebiscycie. Polacy proponowali, aby powiat bielski uznać za polski, a frydecki za czeski, a plebiscytem objąć jedynie powiaty cieszyński i frysztacki. Władzę na terenie plebiscytowym objęła przybyła 30 stycznia 1920 r. do Cieszyna Międzysojusznicza Komisja Plebiscytowa. Utworzono dwie prefektury, wschodnią – polską i zachodnią – czeską, pokrywające się z dotychczasową linią rozgraniczenia. Już w lutym 1920 r. Czesi rozpoczęli w podległej sobie prefekturze rugi uświadomionych narodowo Polaków. Czeski terror spotkał się ze zbrojną reakcją strony polskiej. Dnia 21 maja 1920 r. w zagłębiu węglowym zastrajkowało 10 tysięcy polskich górników. Obawiano się samorzutnego wybuchu powstania. Niemożność opanowania sytuacji przez Międzysojuszniczą Komisję Plebiscytową oraz sytuacja międzynarodowa sprawiła, że od plebiscytu odstąpiono, a kwestię ostatecznego rozgraniczenia na Śląsku Cieszyńskim rozstrzygnęła Rada Ambasadorów.
EVALUASI KINERJA SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI ACCURATE ACCOUNTING ENTERPRISE MENGGUNAKAN METODE PIECES
Authors: Pratiwi Annisa Eka , Susanti Sari
Published: July 2021

Sistem informasi akuntansi merupakan rangkaian kegiatan memproses transaksi atau suatu kejadian menjadi suatu bentuk catatan tertulis yang tertuang dalam jurnal akuntansi hingga menghasilkan laporan keuangan. Salah satu program yang dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan perusahaan dalam hal pencatatan akuntansi dan keuangan yang sudah mengikuti standar PSAK di Indonesia adalah Accurate Accounting Enterprise. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan kinerja sistem informasi akuntansi Accurate Accounting Enterprise menggunakan metode PIECES dengan enam variabel bebas dan satu variabel terikat yaitu performance, information and data, economics, control and security, efficiency, service. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 45 responden yang  menggunakan dan menerima manfaat Accurate Accounting Enterprise pada PT. Gunung Amal Solution International. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan studi pustaka. Metode pengolahan data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut diperoleh hasil analisis bahwa variabel performance, information and data, economics, control and security, efficiency, service memiliki nilai korelasi sebesar 0,631 terhadap keberhasilan kinerja sistem, artinya variabel independen dan dependen dalam penelitian ini memiliki hubungan yang kuat, nilai F hitung sebesar 13,353 nilai R Square (R2) sebesar 63% sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi faktor-faktor lain. Dari pengolahan data tersebut didapatkan hasil bahwa secara simultan, variabel performance, information and data, economics, control and security, efficiency, service berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keberhasilan kinerja sistem. Secara parsial, hanya variabel information and data yang memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap keberhasilan kinerja sistem, sedangkan performance, economics, control and security, efficiency, service memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap keberhasilan kinerja sistem informasi akuntansi Accurate Accounting Enterprise.
SMART LOCK DOOR MENGGUNAKAN AKSES E-KTP BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Tawakal Moch Iqbal , Ramdhani Yudi
Published: July 2021

Tingkat kriminalitas dan keahlian para pencuri khususnya pencurian sebuah rumah elite yang semakin tinggi, membuat penulis memperoleh ide atau gagasan inovasi alat pengaman pintu rumah menggunakan Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) berbasis Internet of Things dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler NodeMcu Lolin V3 yang tentunya dengan sistem pengamanan yang tinggi dan juga dapat terkoneksi pada internet sehingga bisa juga di akses melalui smartphone android. Rancangan keamanan ini tidak mengandalkan mekanik sebagai interfacenya melainkan menggunakan perangkat elektronik yang cukup sulit untuk dibobol karena selain diperlukan pengetahuan mengenai elektronik, para pelaku kriminalitas juga harus memilki pengetahuan dibidang pemrograman dan teknologi informasi. Berbeda dengan kunci mekanik, kunci elektronik pada rancangan keamanan ini menggunakan Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sebagai pembukanya dan juga dengan memanfaatkan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) dengan menggunakan wireless yang terhubung pada aplikasi Smartphone Android. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa simulasi alat pengaman pintu dapat beroperasi dengan baik, sesuai rancangan yang dibuat. RFID reader yang digunakan memiliki keamanan yang lebih terjamin,karena yang mana untuk mendaftarkan e-KTP dengan menggunakan aplikasi Blynk pada Smartphone Android , jadi tidak semua orang bisa mendaftarkan e-KTP, dan juga terdapat buzzer dan lampu LED, buzzer akan mengeluarkan suara dan lampu LED menyala hijau apabila kunci pintu dibuka sesuai dengan frekuensi 13,56MHz yang diletakkan dalam miniatur berbentuk rumah dengan tebal 2mm dapat membaca UID e-KTP dengan jarak maksimal 2.5 cm. Buzzer akan mengeluarkan suara dan lampu LED menyala merah apabila UID e-KTP tidak terdaftar pada alat tersebut. Solenoid Door Lock dapat membuka pengunci pintu apabila UID e-KTP sesuai dengan NodeMcu Lolin V3, solenoid akan mengunci kembali dalam waktu 5 detik.
EVALUATION CATEGORIES IN CIVILISTIC DOCTRINE
Authors: Lynov Artem Albertovich
Published: July 2021

The study of the essence of evaluative categories, the dynamism of their development is one of the most important tasks of modern legal science. For the correct application of evaluative categories, it is necessary to understand their meaning and content. The scientific work analyzes the main points of view presented in the literature on this issue.
TREE PLANTS USED IN FLORISTIC COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Kozlova Yelena Anatolyevna
Published: July 2021

Floristics does not stand still, which allows new trends to appear. Today, along with floristic bouquets of fresh flowers, compositions using dried flowers and branches, leaves of woody plants, branches of coniferous plants are becoming popular. Such compositions will decorate residential premises, offices, business centers at any time of the year. The article presents some assortment of woody plants used in floristic compositions.
CALL FOR PAPERS: STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH FROM A LATIN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: BOROVCNIK MANFRED , DE OLIVEIRA SOUZA LEANDRO , PORCIÚNCULA MAUREN , ZAPATA-CARDONA LUCÍA , SALCEDO AUDY
Published: July 2021

First published May 2019 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
HOW ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE GRADUATE STUDENTS ACQUIRE STATISTICAL COMPUTING SKILLS
Authors: THEOBOLD ALLISON , HANCOCK STACEY
Published: July 2021

Modern environmental science research increasingly requires computational ability to apply statistics to environmental science problems, but graduate students in these scientific fields typically lack these integral skills. Many scientific graduate degree programs expect students toacquire these computational skills in an applied statistics course. Agap remains, however, between the computational skills required for the implementation of statistics in scientific research and those taught in statistics courses. This qualitative study examines how five environmental science graduate students at one institution experience the phenomenon of acquiring the computational skills necessary to implement statistics in their research and the factors that foster or inhibit learning. In-depth interviews revealed three themes in these students’ paths towards computational knowledge acquisition: use of peer support, seeking out a singular “consultant,” and learning through independent research experiences. These themes provide rich descriptions of graduate student experiences and strategies used while developing computational skillsto apply statistics in their own research, thus informing how to improve instruction, both in and out of the formal classroom.
First published November 2019 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
SERJ 2019 REFEREES
Authors: KAPLAN JENNIFER J.
Published: July 2021

Acknowledgment: We are grateful to the people who acted as referees for the Statistics Education Research Journal in the past year.
First published November 2019 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
Un enclave fronterizo entre las provincias hispanas: la difícil definición de la Bastetania y la identidad étnica bastetana en el s. II a.C.
Authors: García Cardiel Jorge
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo hemos tratado de profundizar en las estructuras políticas, sociales, económicas y culturales que caracterizaron el devenir de las comunidades locales de la Bastetania durante la época posterior a la conquista romana. Las sierras y hoyas bastetanas constituyeron un escenario de retaguardia durante la Segunda Guerra Púnica y quedaron a caballo entre las dos provincias hispanas, lo que, unido a la dificultad de sus comunicaciones y a lo agreste de sus paisajes, dio pie a que durante el siglo II a.C. la zona se convirtiera en un auténtico enclave de frontera con una fuerte personalidad propia, sustancialmente distinta de las estructuras (más acusadamente) híbridas que habían comenzado a fraguar desde mucho antes en las regiones circundantes.
La presencia de sellos sobre ánforas Dressel 20 en Londinium–Camulodunum y Mogontiacum: un análisis cuantitativo-comparativo y sus dinámicas comerciales derivadas
Authors: Remesal Rodríguez José , Bermúdez Lorenzo Juan Manuel
Published: July 2021

El presente estudio pretende comparar el material epigráfico sobre ánforas tipo Dressel 20 (sellos) de dos puntos del Imperio Romano: Mogontiacum (Mainz) y Londinium (Londres) junto a Camulodunum. Para ello se tendrá en cuenta la información contenida en la base de datos de epigrafía anfórica CEIPAC. Tiene como objetivo delimitar las dinámicas de importación del aceite de oliva desde la Bética y ponerlo en relación con el consumo militar o civil de las poblaciones correspondientes.
Changing Protagonists: Managing Economic Activities in Late Antique Lusitania
Authors: Carneiro André
Published: July 2021

The Roman province of Lusitania went through a sequence of processes from the end of the 4th century onwards that resulted in the end of the classical landscape. The Christian Church gradually replaced private entrepreneurship in the management of the main economic activities and the organization of the daily activities. This process is difficult to characterize, but some archaeological evidence, from specific sites and from the analysis of the rural settlement patterns, emerges. Some considerations will be presented here, trying to contextualize certain mechanisms of change.
Miriam Valdés Guía, Prácticas rituales y discursos femeninos en Atenas. Los espacios sacros de la gyne (=Colección Estudios Helénicos 1), Sevilla–Madrid, Editorial Universidad de Sevilla–UAM Ediciones, 2020, 464 pp., 101 figs. [ISBN: 978-84-472-2945-1].
Authors: Chapinal Heras Diego
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Miriam Valdés Guía, Prácticas rituales y discursos femeninos en Atenas. Los espacios sacros de la gyne (=Colección Estudios Helénicos 1), Sevilla–Madrid, Editorial Universidad de Sevilla–UAM Ediciones, 2020, 464 pp., 101 figs. [ISBN: 978-84-472-2945-1].
Antonio F. Caballos Rufino (ed.), De Trajano a Adriano. Roma matura, Roma mutans (=Colección Historia 351), Sevilla, Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2019, 765 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-472-2828-7].
Authors: Álvarez-Ossorio Rivas Alfonso
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Antonio F. Caballos Rufino (ed.), De Trajano a Adriano. Roma matura, Roma mutans (=Colección Historia 351), Sevilla, Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2019, 765 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-472-2828-7].
Anthony Álvarez Melero, Matronae equestres. La parenté féminine des chevaliers romains originaires des provinces occidentales sous le Haut-Empire romain (Ier-IIIe siècles), (=Études IV), Bruxelles–Roma, Institut Historique Belge de Rome, 2018, 395 pp. [IS
Authors: Cidoncha Redondo Francisco
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Anthony Álvarez Melero, Matronae equestres. La parenté féminine des chevaliers romains originaires des provinces occidentales sous le Haut-Empire romain (Ier-IIIe siècles), (=Études IV), Bruxelles–Roma, Institut Historique Belge de Rome, 2018, 395 pp. [ISBN: 978-90-74461-88-7].
Javier Andreu Pintado (ed.), Parva Oppida. Imagen, patrones e ideología del despegue monumental de las ciudades en la Tarraconense hispana (siglos I a.C.-I d.C.), (=Monografías Los Bañales 3), Tudela, Fundación Uncastillo, 2020, 412 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-09-2
Authors: Carrasco Serrano Gregorio
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Javier Andreu Pintado (ed.), Parva Oppida. Imagen, patrones e ideología del despegue monumental de las ciudades en la Tarraconense hispana (siglos I a.C.-I d.C.), (=Monografías Los Bañales 3), Tudela, Fundación Uncastillo, 2020, 412 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-09-22764-8].
Santiago Montero, Prodigios en la Hispania romana. Rayos, terremotos, epidemias, eclip-ses, Madrid, Guillermo Escolar Editor, 2020, 352 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-18093-58-6].
Authors: Perea Yébenes Sabino
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Santiago Montero, Prodigios en la Hispania romana. Rayos, terremotos, epidemias, eclipses, Madrid, Guillermo Escolar Editor, 2020, 352 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-18093-58-6].
Droga ks. prof. Jana Fijałka do uniwersyteckiej katedry
Authors: Urban Jacek , Perkowska Urszula
Published: July 2021

Ks. prof. Jan Fijałek (1864-1936) uznawany jest za jednego z najwybitniejszych polskich historyków Kościoła. Jego działalność profesorska ma już kilka opracowań naukowych, choć wciąż czekamy na kompletne jej opracowanie. W tym tekście podjęto próbę przedstawienia jego dróg do profesury. Najpierw w latach 1871-75uczęszczał do szkoły powszechnej w Bochni, w latach 1875-79 do niższego Gimnazjum w Bochni, a w latach 1879-1883 do Gimnazjum św. Anny w Krakowie. Gimnazja w Bochni i w Krakowie wydały wielu znanych polskich uczonych. Po maturze wstąpił do Seminarium Duchownego i na Wydział Teologiczny Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Wybrał seminarium naukowe z historii Kościoła ks. prof. Władysława Chotkowskiego.Po święceniach kapłańskich w 1887 r. udał się do Rzymu. Studiował prawo na Uniwersytecie Gregoriańskim, ukończył Szkołę Paleograficzną na Watykanie i podjął współpracę z działającą w Rzymie stacją naukową krakowskiej Akademii Umiejętności pod kierunkiem prof. Stanisława Smolki. W 1891 r. doktoryzował się. Podjął wykłady na Wydziale Teologicznym UJ jako suplent. Habilitował się w 29 roku życia na podstawie dorobku i pracy pt. „Życie i obyczaje kleru w Polsce średniowiecznej na tle ustawodawstwa synodalnego” (1893). Habilitacja dawała mu uprawnienia do prowadzenia wykładów. Gdy w 1896 r. zawakowała katedra historii Kościoła na Wydziale Teologicznym Uniwersytetu Lwowskiego zgłosił się do konkursu i go wygrał.W wieku 32 lat został profesorem nadzwyczajnym. Na każdym etapie jego edukacji zwracano uwagę na jego niezwykłą pracowitość. Pracowitość pozostała jego cechą własną przez kolejnych 40 lat profesorskiego żywota.
Modern pathologies of the Kazakhstan's economy
Authors: Мырзахметова А.М. , Халитова М.М. , Myrzakhmetova A. , Khalitova M.
Published: July 2021

Патоэкономика является новой отраслью знаний и необходимо время для популяризации среди экономистов страны. В данной статье рассматриваются различные российские школы, которые ввели определение, понятия патоэкономики в различных экономических школах, и их поиск причинно-следственные связи и пути решения.
В данной работе делается попытка охарактеризовать основные тенденции в развитии современной экономики и выявить имеющие место патологии. Эта область знания не исследована в казахстанской науке и может стать началом для развития современной экономической методологии, выделить ее основную проблематику.
Методология исследования заключается в обсуждении и выделении значимых подходов к понятию и сущности экономических патологий, а также выявлению центральных проблем, возникающих в этой области. Анализ характерные черты и формы проявления патоэкономики в Казахстане позволяет выделить структуру и причинно-следственные связи экономических патологий Казахстана. Делается попытка обосновать применение логико-когнитивистского подхода в решении проблем патоэкономики.
В результате обобщения подходов к решению проблем реформирования экономики, антикризисного управления, экономических процессов современности углублено понятие патоэкономики, а также выявлены преимущества экономики Казахстана.

Pathoeconomics is a new branch of knowledge and it takes time to popularize it among the country's economists. This article examines various Russian schools that have introduced the definition, concepts of pathoeconomics in various economic schools, and their search for cause-and-effect relationships and solutions.
In this paper, an attempt is made to characterize the main trends in the development of the modern economy and to identify the existing pathologies. This area of knowledge has not been studied in Kazakh science and can become the beginning for the development of modern economic methodology, highlight its main problems.
The methodology of the research consists in discussing and highlighting significant approaches to the concept and essence of economic pathologies, as well as identifying the central problems that arise in this area. The analysis of the characteristic features and forms of manifestation of pathoeconomics in Kazakhstan allows us to identify the structure and cause-and-effect relationships of economic pathologies in Kazakhstan. An attempt is made to justify the use of a logical-cognitive approach in solving problems of pathoeconomics.
As a result of the generalization of approaches to solving the problems of economic reform, anti-crisis management, and modern economic processes, the concept of pathoeconomics has been deepened, and the advantages of the economy of Kazakhstan have been identified.
Spreading Propaganda in Cyberspace: Comparing Cyber-Resource Usage of Al Qaeda and ISIS
Authors: Choi Kyung-shick , Lee Claire Seungeun , Cadigan Robert
Published: July 2021

Terrorists in cyberspace are increasingly utilizing social media to promote their ideologies, recruit new members, and justify terrorist attacks and actions. This study explores the ways in which types of social media, message contents, and motives for spreading propaganda take shape in cyberspace. In order to empirically test these relations, we created a dataset with annual terrorism reports from 2011 to 2016. In our global cyberterrorism dataset, we used and connected cyber-resources (Facebook, online forum, Twitter mentions, websites, and YouTube videos) and legal documents of individual cases that were mentioned in the reports. The results show that YouTube videos were used primarily for propagating certain ideologies and for recruiting members for Al Qaeda and ISIS. Al Qaeda-affiliated cyberterrorists used YouTube videos as both individual sources and embedded sources for Facebook and Twitter, whereas ISIS-affiliated cyberterrorists predominantly used YouTube videos and Twitter posts.
Juvenile Hackers: An Empirical Test of Self-Control Theory and Social Bonding Theory
Authors: Back Sinchul , Soor Sadhika , LaPrade Jennifer
Published: July 2021

In accordance with a similar growth in information technology, computer hacking has become a pervasive issue as a form of crime worldwide in recent years. Self-control theory and social bonding theory have frequently been employed to explain various types of crimes, but rarely to explore computer hacking. Drawing from Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) self-control theory and Hirschi’s (1969) social bonding theory, the purpose of this study is to empirically examine the suitability of these two theories in explaining juvenile computer hacking offenses. The self-report survey data utilized for the present study was derived from middle school and high school students in the United States, Russia, Spain, Venezuela, France, Hungary, Germany, and Poland. The current study hypothesizes that hackers’ self-control and social bonding are significant predictors for the commission of computer hacking offenses. The findings of this study provide strong support for Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) self-control theory. In addition, the findings can be interpreted as partially supportive of Hirschi’s (1969) social bonding theory. The authors conclude with a discussion on policy implications.
EFFECTS OF EXAMS ANXIETY AS PER GENDER VARIANCE AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN DISTRICT QUETTA
Authors: Nazia Anwar, Bushra Batool
Published: July 2021

Test anxiety has got universal attention of several researchers working in the field of education during recent years due to its positive or negative impact on students’ academic achievements. The current study intended to evaluate the gender variation in test anxiety level at secondary school level in Public Schools in District Quetta. The descriptive research design with quantitative research technique is utilized for data collection. The participants of the research study were 172 (102 boys,70 girls) Students. “Westside Test Anxiety Scale, was used for measuring test anxiety scores. For evaluating the variance among gender in Test anxiety Average scores, an Independent sample t - test was performed with SPSS. The result indicated the prevalence of anxiety in boys and girls, but no statistically significant variation was detected in genders. The finding of the study has educational implication for educational institutes and professional assistance for recommendations educationalists, counsellors and other concern bodies, further the study has fundamental help for students in coping anxiety in evaluative circumstances.
Impact of Principal Teacher Relationship in Achieving Educational Objectives at Secondary Level in Quetta District
Authors: Misbah Fatima, Shabana Akhtar, Safia Begum
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the impact of schools with positive and healthy relationships between Principal and teachers and outlines the factors that facilitate and contribute to learning outcomes, character development and citizenship. Therefore, the objectives of the study was, to investigate the fact that the learning environment in a school is influenced by a positive interaction between the principal and the teachers, identify the relational components between teacher and teacher that promote and influence the teacher's performance and analyze the overall effects of creating and maintaining substantial teacher-teacher relationships on student performance and character building. The sample size was 209 sample size including 190 teachers and 19 principals. The results of this study confirmed the information found in the literature review and agreed with previous studies and studies that suggest that teacher support has a significant impact on their relationships and educational goals. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to refine these factors and present the results as a means of improving the overall success of schools across the country. The recommendations provided are designed to help administrators who work in difficult-to-fill schools to improve their programs so that their number is lower in schools that are difficult to manage. The recommendations also seek to encourage leaders to take a closer look at their relationships and their style of leadership and support to improve their communication in schools. Specific recommendations are addressed to administrators, institutions and teachers. As well as researchers interested in getting more information in this area of research.