bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribuições e desafios da Estratégia Saúde da Família na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil: revisão da literatura
Authors: Arantes Luciano José , Shimizu Helena Eri , Merchán-Hamann Edgar
Published: May 2016

Resumo O estudo analisou as contribuições e os desafios da Estratégia Saúde da Família no desenvolvimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde do Brasil. Foi realizada revisão de literatura e análise de artigos segundo as dimensões: político-institucional, organizativa e técnico-assistencial. Na primeira dimensão, destacaram-se contribuições para a expansão dos cuidados primários, institucionalização da avaliação e promoção da equidade; e desafios relacionados ao financiamento, formação/educação/gestão de pessoal e à intersetorialidade. Verificou-se ampliação da oferta de serviços, contato por ações programáticas e favorecimento da integralidade da atenção na dimensão organizativa; e desafios ligados ao acesso, porta de entrada, integração à rede de serviços, planejamento e participação social. Na dimensão técnico-assistencial observaram-se benefícios para o trabalho multidisciplinar, enfoque familiar, acolhimento, vínculo, humanização, orientação comunitária, produção do cuidado e desempenho. Os desafios para seu aprimoramento estão condicionados a fatores complexos e exigem maior esforço político-institucional.
Assistência farmacêutica no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: evolução em aspectos selecionados de 2008 a 2014
Authors: Silva Rondineli Mendes da , Pereira Nathalia Cano , Mendes Luiz Villarinho Pereira , Luiza Vera Lucia
Published: May 2016

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a evolução da assistência farmacêutica no contexto da atenção primária (APS) no período 2008-2014, com foco na seleção, financiamento e aquisição de medicamentos. Foi empreendido estudo retrospectivo que utilizou como fontes de dados documentos administrativos da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro (SMS-RJ), além de base de dados secundários. Encontrou-se ampliação da diversidade de itens ofertados para a APS de 57 em 2008 para 222 em 2014. O gasto real em medicamentos liquidado pela prefeitura cresceu 38% no período e houve inversão, a partir de 2010, da proporção de medicamento da APS em relação aos hospitalares, alcançando 2,4 vezes em 2014, ano em que o gasto público em medicamentos da APS per capita foi 9% maior que o valor pactuado entre os três entes federados. Pode-se concluir que houve mudanças importantes na assistência farmacêutica do município do Rio de Janeiro no período que sucedeu a reforma da APS realizada, com o aumento das condições com cobertura terapêutica e expansão do financiamento de medicamentos. O crescimento do gasto público per capita em medicamentos acima do valor pactuado suscita a necessidade de intensificar as medidas de racionalização gerencial.
Fruit color preference by birds and applications to ecological restoration
Authors: Gagetti B. L. , Piratelli A. J. , Piña-Rodrigues F. C. M.
Published: May 2016

Abstract Ecological restoration aims to retrieve not only the structure but also the functionality of ecosystems. Frugivorous birds may play an important role in this process due to their efficiency in seed dispersal. Color perception in these animals is highly developed, and then the colors of fleshy fruits may provide important clues for choosing plant species for restoration plans. This study aims to integrate bird color preferences and restoration of degraded areas, with an objective to evaluate the potential attractiveness to birds by colored fruits. We carried out an experiment with 384 artificial fruits made of edible modeling clay with the following colors: black, blue, green and red, with 96 fruits of each color in six sites, including four restored areas and two second-growth forest fragments. We also tested the possible effect of light intensity on fruit consumption by color. A total of 120 (38.6%) were assumed to be consumed by birds, and the fruit consumption varied in response to the location and light incidence. Consumption of black and blue fruits was not related to site by chance. Notwithstanding, red and black fruits were consumed significantly more than any other colors, emphasizing bird preference to these colors, regardless of location. Enrichment with shade tolerant shrubs or forest species with black or red fruits may be an alternative way to manage established restorations. In recently established or new restorations, one may introduce pioneer shrubs or short-lived forest species which have blue fruits, but also those having black or red ones.
Quercetin and rutin as potential agents antifungal against Cryptococcus spp
Authors: Oliveira V. M. , Carraro E. , Auler M. E. , Khalil N. M.
Published: May 2016

Abstract Amphotericin B is a fungicidal substance that is treatment of choice for most systemic fungal infections affecting as cryptococcosis the immunocompromised patients. However, severe side effects have limited the utility of this drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effect of the combination of amphotericin B with quercetin or rutin and as a protective of citotoxic effect. The antifungal activity to amphotericin B, quercetin and rutin alone and in combination was determined in Candida sp and Cryptococcus neoformans strains. Cytotoxicity test on erythrocytes was performed by spectrophotometric absorbance of hemoglobin. The amphotericin B MIC was reduced when used in combination with quercetin or rutin to C. neoformans ATCC strain and reduced when combined with rutin to a clinical isolate of C. neoformans. In addition, the combination of quercetin with amphotericin B may reduce the toxicity of amphotericin B to red blood cells. Our results suggest that quercetin and rutin are potential agents to combine with amphotericin B in order to reduce the amphotericin dose to lessen side effects and improve antifungal efficacy.
Percutaneous retrograde crossing of a near-occluded celiac trunk via the superior mesenteric artery as an adjuvant maneuver for antegrade stenting
Authors: Geiger Martin Andreas ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas,  Brazil, Callaert Joren , Deloose Koen , Bosiers Marc ,   Hospital da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas,  Brazil,   Hospital Sint Blasius,  Belgium
Published: May 2016

Abstract We describe the case of a 63-year-old woman with chronic mesenteric ischemia, persistent postprandial upper abdominal pain and progressive weight loss. Retrograde recanalization was performed via the superior mesenteric artery in order to achieve the goal of crossing the near-occlusion, showing that retrograde catheterization of the celiac trunk can be a feasible approach in challenging cases in which an antegrade approach fails as a single maneuver.
Synchronous gynecologic cancer and the use of imaging for diagnosis
Authors: Boaventura Camila Silva , Galvão José Lucas Scarpinetti , Soares Giovanna Milanes Bego , Bitencourt Almir Galvão Vieira , Chojniak Rubens , Bringel Shenia Lauanna Rezende , Brot Louise De
Published: May 2016

Summary Endometrial and cervical cancers are the most prevalent gynecologic neoplasms. While endometrial cancer occurs in older women, cervical cancer is more prevalente in young subjects. The most common clinical manifestation in these two gynecological cancers is vaginal bleeding. In the first case, diagnosis is made based on histological and imaging evaluation of the endometrium, while cervical cancers are diagnosed clinically, according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). The authors present a case of synchronous gynecological cancer of the endometrium and cervix diagnosed during staging on MRI and confirmed by histological analysis of the surgical specimen.
Local management with methotrexate of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy with live embryo guided by transvaginal ultrasound: A case report
Authors: Leite Juliana de Freitas , Fraietta Renato , Elito Júnior Júlio
Published: May 2016

Summary Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy with high morbidity and mortality. Use of conservative conducts, including medical management with methotrexate, has avoided mutilating surgeries such as hysterectomy and spared the fertility of women. We report the case of a 30-year old patient with a cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy, with a live embryo, who was treated locally with transvaginal ultrasound-guided injection of methotrexate, complemented with various doses of systemic methotrexate.
Los mensajes personalizados en los perfiles de las organizaciones en España
Authors: García Carballo Carlos
Published: May 2016

Resumen Las redes sociales suponen un cambio en el panorama de la Comunicación para las organizaciones españolas en la actualidad. Muchas de ellas están gestionando campañas publicitarias y de Relaciones Públicas para alcanzar los objetivos comunicativos marcados. Llevando a cabo un análisis de contenido de los mensajes en las plataformas sociales, tomando una muestra de las organizaciones que componen la muestra durante seis meses, se definirá el panorama de la Comunicación personalizada en España. Y a través de una encuesta a una de las comunidades de la muestra, obtendremos datos sobre los usuarios de estas redes sociales. Se comprueba la inexistencia de mensajes personalizados, apreciándose solo una simple fidelización con técnicas arcaicas que no tienen los mismos efectos.
Portuguese Older Gay Men: Pathways to Family Integrity
Authors: Marques Filipa Daniela , Sousa Liliana
Published: May 2016

Abstract Research in the field of older gay men remains scarce. This exploratory study examines older gay men's experiences in the construction of family integrity (versus disconnection and alienation). The family integrity approach is a developmental perspective that links ego integrity to a larger process of constructing meaning within the family system. The sample comprises ten participants (from 60 to 88 years old). A semi-structured interview was conducted and submitted to content analysis. The main findings suggest three experiences in older gay men's construction of family integrity: (i) influence of homosexuality throughout life; (ii) establishing a family of choice; (iii) creating a legacy associated with homosexuality. Family integrity in older gay men seems to evolve from disclosure at a young age to making homosexuality a legacy in old age.
Visual-Motor Maturity and Executive Functions in Schoolchildren
Authors: Oliveira Ana Luisa Silva de , Kaiser Vanessa , Azambuja Thamy de Oliveira , Mallmann Laura Uberti , Lukrafka Janice Luisa , Reppold Caroline Tozzi
Published: May 2016

Abstract Visual-motor maturity and executive functions are closely related in the child development process. This study aimed to investigate the relation between visual-motor abilities and executive functions in 83 healthy children between 7 and 10 years old. The tools used were the Bender Gestalt Visual-Motor Test - Gradual Scoring System (B-GSS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM), and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF). The correlation between the B-GSS and WCST scores was significantly negative (r = -.23, p < .033), while ROCF variables, such as Total Memory and Total Copy, had a moderate, significant correlation with total B-GSS score (r = -.55, p < .001; r = -.44, p < .001, respectively). The results empirically show the relation between executive functions and visual-motor maturity and are discussed in face of developmental neuropsychology.
Negociando saberes e poderes: a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem e a Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia
Authors: Müller Rita Flores , Birman Joel
Published: May 2016

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é evidenciar as negociações e disputas entre saberes e poderes na história da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem, a partir da criação da Área Técnica de Saúde do Homem, instituída em 2008 no Departamento de Ações Programáticas Estratégicas no Ministério da Saúde. Acompanhamos a posição da Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia no processo de constituição da política. Recuperamos a disputa colocada em discurso tendo como referência as entrevistas realizadas com gestores do Ministério da Saúde e com o representante auxiliar do Fundo de População das Nações Unidas no Brasil. Nas aparições do sujeito de direitos à saúde, analisamos a visibilidade do corpo masculino nos signos das resistências às intervenções do biopoder.
Asthma treatment in children and adolescents in an urban area in southern Brazil: popular myths and features
Authors: Roncada Cristian , Oliveira Suelen Goecks de , Cidade Simone Falcão , Rafael Joseane Guimarães , Ojeda Beatriz Sebben , Santos Beatriz Regina Lara dos , Gustavo Andréia da Silva , Pitrez Paulo Márcio
Published: May 2016

Objective: To describe the frequency of popular myths about and features of asthma treatment in children and adolescents in an urban area in southern Brazil. Methods: The parents or legal guardians of public school students (8-16 years of age) completed a specific questionnaire regarding their understanding of asthma, asthma control, and treatment characteristics. The sample included parents or legal guardians of students with asthma (n = 127) and healthy controls (n = 124). Results: The study involved 251 parents or legal guardians, of whom 127 (68.5%) were the mothers and 130 (51.8%) were White. The mean age of these participants was 38.47 ± 12.07 years. Of the participants in the asthma and control groups, 37 (29.1%) and 26 (21.0%), respectively, reported being afraid of using asthma medications, whereas 61 (48%) and 56 (45.2%), respectively, believed that using a metered dose inhaler can lead to drug dependence. However, only 17 (13.4%) and 17 (13.7%) of the participants in the asthma and control groups, respectively, reported being afraid of using oral corticosteroids. In the asthma group, 55 students (43.3%) were diagnosed with uncontrolled asthma, only 41 (32.3%) had a prescription or written treatment plan, and 38 (29.9%) used asthma medications regularly. Conclusions: Popular myths about asthma treatment were common in our sample, as were uncontrolled asthma and inappropriate asthma management. Further studies in this field should be conducted in other developing countries, as should evaluations of pediatric asthma treatment programs in public health systems.
From waste materials to products for use in the cement industry
Authors: Barthel Maria , Rübner Katrin , Kühne Hans-Carsten , Rogge Andreas , Dehn Frank
Published: May 2016

Industrial wastes (bottom ash, crushed concrete fines, filter residue, paper ash and lignite fly ash) have potential for use in building materials, for instance as raw materials for clinker production, as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) or mineral additions in concrete. The properties of the products are dependent on the reactivity of the waste materials used, which can be classified as inert, latent hydraulic or pozzolanic. In this study, waste materials were first characterised. This was followed by theoretical considerations of the mentioned application options. Experiments were limited to evaluation of potential as SCMs and, for this purpose, activity index measurements and calorimetric and thermogravimetric analyses were performed. Finally, the synergetic effects of various waste materials were considered. Paper ash (calcium oxide source) and filter residue (amorphous silicon dioxide source) showed the best prospects for use as cementitious material components.
Форсированное пение без опоры дыхания и его последствия
Authors: Коротеева Светлана Викторовна
Published: May 2016

В статье отмечается проблемы современного преподавания пения для детей и подростков. Как считает автор, овладеть правильно специальными навыками экстремального вокала с нуля, не умея хорошо контролировать свой «чистый» голос невозможно и опасно.
Восточнославянский боевой пляс: от боя — к искусству
Authors: Чистякова Анастасия Александровна
Published: May 2016

В статье дается краткое описание особенностей восточнославянского ритуала боевого пляса.
Takayasu Arteritis as an Odd Cause of Chest Pain
Authors: Bernal-Macias Santiago , Alzate Maria A. , Rojas-Villarraga Adriana
Published: May 2016

We describe a case of Takayasu arteritis with unusual presentation, having chest pain as the main symptom and a nasal septal perforation as a rare complication, without upper and lower extremities, abdominal, neck or cerebral compromise. The patient, a 34 year-old male, previously healthy, presented with acute onset of chest pain, dyspnea and severe compromise of his functional status. Severe stenosis of pulmonary arteries and coronaries, as well as signs of aortitis were found in a CT angiography of the thorax, pulmonary angiography and right and left heart catheterization. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were positive. The patient received 750 mg of Methylprednisolone and monthly bolus of Cyclophosphamide. Six months after the diagnosis, the patient developed a nasal septal perforation. This is the first reported case of Takayasu arteritis with rapidly progressing coronary disease as the only presentation, complicated by a nasal septal perforation. 
Review of cardiovascular disease prevention and control programs: international experience and challenges in China
Authors: Tan Seng Chuen , Li Liming , Yu Wei , Chen Can , Shi Ruizhi
Published: May 2016

Major cardiovascular risk factors in China, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, dietary factors, exposure to tobacco, diabetes, obesity and physical inactivity, have contributed to deteriorating trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths. In past years, a number of CVD prevention programs have been initiated in European and American countries and successfully brought down CVD related death rate by involving various parties such as physicians, patients, government agencies and payers. However, there is rare published literature that systemically reviewed such experience, which would be highly valuable for China and other countries with high CVD burden. In this article, we review the published literature on CVD prevention and control programs and report on interviews of local and foreign experts to provide recommendations for China-specific CVD prevention and control programs. In order to provide practical suggestions, we describe the type of programs as patient, physician, pharmacist, nurse, or payer-focused. Based on this evidence and identified challenges in China, programs focusing on disease management, treatment adherence, physician/health care provider education, financial incentives, and integrated healthcare are recommended for the prevention and control of CVD in China.
Las crisis trastocan el inmovilismo y ortodoxia del Banco Central Europeo
Authors: Rodríguez Ortiz Francisco
Published: May 2016

Las crisis financiera y económica han desembocado en una grave crisis de las finanzas públicas. Esta sucesión de crisis ha puesto a prueba la capacidad de la política monetaria para responder a las mismas. El Banco Central Europeo ha sacralizado más que ningún otro gran banco central la estabilidad de los precios erigida en la razón de ser primera de su independencia. Solo se ha decidido a actuar como prestamista de último recurso, apelando a medidas no convencionales de política monetaria, cuando ha percibido que la zona euro amenazaba con adentrarse en una nueva recesión, que los riesgos de deflación eran crecientes y que estos factores, unidos a la crisis griega, amenazaban la propia supervivencia del euro. Sin embargo, al actuar en estado de soledad, la política monetaria europea no podrá resolver los problemas de crecimiento de la zona euro.

Recibido: 01.09.2015
Aceptado: 27.01.2016
Crónica de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea
Authors: Ordóñez Solís David
Published: May 2016

Sumario: I. Introducción. De Skouris a Lenaerts.—II. Primera parte. Los desarrollos jurisprudenciales del derecho de la unión europea. 2.1. Los límites de los derechos fundamentales y el Derecho de la Unión: privacidad e igualdad. 2.2. La construcción del espacio europeo de libertad, seguridad y justicia. 2.3. Los delitos en materia fiscal      y los límites de la protección de los intereses financieros de la Unión Europea. 2.4. La armonización de las legislaciones sobre contratos públicos y de protección del medio ambiente.—III. Segunda parte. La jurisprudencia europea provocada por los jueces españoles y sus efectos en el derecho interno. 3.1. Las sentencias prejudiciales «españolas». 3.1.1. Los límites a la contratación temporal de los empleados públicos de confianza: sentencia Regojo Dans. 3.1.2. La protección de los trabajadores en la duración de la jornada laboral (sentencia Tyco), despidos colectivos (sentencia Pujante Rivera), traspaso de empresas (sentencia Adif) y trabajo a tiempo parcial (auto Plaza Bravo). 3.1.3. Las cláusulas abusivas y los poderes del juez español: nuevas sentencias y autos interpretativos. 3.1.4. Las sentencias en materia de contratación pública y libertades económicas fundamentales: sentencias Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Grupo Hospitalario Quirón y Grupo Itevelesa. 3.1.5. La cooperación judicial civil y la notificación de documentos extrajudiciales: sentencia Tecom Mican. 3.2. Las nuevas cuestiones prejudiciales «españolas» pendientes ante el Tribunal de Justicia. 3.2.1. La independencia en la aplicación del Derecho europeo de la competencia. 3.2.2. La asignación de derechos de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero. 3.2.3. La gestión de las subvenciones agrícolas en Aragón. 3.2.4. La limitación en el tiempo de las cláusulas abusivas («cláusulas suelo») del Tribunal Supremo cuestionada ante el Tribunal de Justicia. 3.3. La aplicación del régimen de ayudas de Estado en España: las ayudas ilegales a la televisión digital terrestre.—IV. Relación de las sentencias comentadas (Tribunal de Justicia y Tribunal General).
Actualidad institucional y económica de España en el marco de la Unión Europea
Authors: Iñarritu Beatriz
Published: May 2016

Sumario: I. Introducción.—II. El Estado de la Integración. 1. Discurso sobre el Estado de la Unión. 2. Tercer rescate de Grecia. 3. Inmigración: planes de acogida a solicitantes de asilo. 4. Reino Unido: nuevos pasos en la negociación con la UE. 5. El Informe de los Cinco Presidentes sobre el futuro de la gobernanza económica europea. 6. Informes sobre la Ampliación de la UE. 7. Comisión: primera aplicación del Mecanismo del Estado de Derecho contra Polonia.—III. Cuestiones generales de la actualidad económica. 1. BCE: ampliación de la compra masiva de Deuda pública. 2. Acuerdo Trasatlántico UE-EEUU: nuevas propuestas para el arbitraje en materia de inversiones. 3. La Unión de los Mercados de Capitales. 4. Unión Bancaria: Sistema Europeo de Garantía de Depósitos Bancarios. 5. Tribunal de Justicia: nueva sentencia contra la Ley Hipotecaria española. 6. Comisión: dictamen contra las cláusulas suelo en las hipotecas españolas. 7. Competencia: ilegalidad de los pactos fiscales con multinacionales. 8. Telefonía móvil: eliminación de las tarifas de itinerancia en 2017. 9. Tribunal de Justicia anulación de la decisión de la Comisión que declaraba ilegal el Tax Lease del sector naval español.
El proceso de oligarquización europeo. De la utopía federal a una distopía social y democrática
Authors: Bullain Iñigo
Published: May 2016

Tras seis décadas de desarrollo la integración europea se ha concretado en una suerte de distopía social y democrática. En un proceso de oligarquización neoliberal que se ha acelerado con la globalización y que ha derivado en la desconstitucionalización y el debilitamiento democrático tanto de las instituciones europeas como de sus Estados Miembros. El coste de eludir la federalización ha sido una crisis de legitimidad sin precedentes. Este texto trata de advertir de que si en lugar de una unión federal, social y democrática la UE prosigue con su deriva neoliberal la integración europea correrá serio peligro, y que recuperar la confianza de la población requiere de un cambio de paradigma que implique que más Europa debe ser también sinónimo de más cohesión social y de más democracia.

Recibido: 20.01.2016
Aceptado: 08.02.2016
La Unión Bancaria (UB): nuevo marco competitivo para la banca española y europea
Authors: Berges Ángel , Ontiveros Emilio
Published: May 2016

El proyecto de la Unión Bancaria de Europa es el resultado de la respuesta de las autoridades europeas a la particularización en algunos sistemas bancarios de la eurozona de la crisis desencadenada en julio de 2007 en el sistema financiero estadounidense. La severidad del círculo vicioso entre el deterioro de los activos bancarios y la deuda pública de algunos países periféricos, particularmente intenso hasta el verano de 2012, obligó a paliar rápidamente una de las limitaciones originales de la Unión Monetaria. En este artículo se analiza la génesis del proyecto, su estructura —sus cuatro pilares fundamentales— y el sistema bancario resultante, con especial atención a la dinámica de concentración sectorial, intensificada adicionalmente como consecuencia de la mayor regulación bancaria.

Recibido: 20.07.2015
Aceptado: 27.01.2016
Percepção da própria competência para assistir pacientes com transtorno mental: as representações sociais de enfermeiros
Authors: Dias Bruno Vilas Boas , Trivelato Evandro Franciscato , Faccio Melissa Ramos
Published: May 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as representações sociais dos enfermeiros, acerca da competênciapara realizar assistência à pacientes com transtorno mental. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva eexploratória com base na Teoria de Representações Sociais, seguindo as diretrizes do Discurso doSujeito Coletivo. A amostra foi composta por 30 enfermeiros de um hospital geral público do interiordo estado de São Paulo. As ideias centrais relacionadas aos enfermeiros que se considerampreparados foram: “Experiência Profissional”, “Conhecimento”, “Experiência”, “Treinamento” e“Identificação com a área”. Os enfermeiros que não se consideram preparados estão representadospelas ideias centrais: “Falta de conhecimento”, “Falta de treinamento”, “Falta de estrutura”,“Insegurança”, “Hospital não é referência” e “Dificuldade em lidar com o paciente”. A maioria dosenfermeiros entende que a falta de estrutura e experiência profissional têm contribuído para que nãose considerem preparados para atender ao paciente.Descritores: Transtornos mentais; Saúde mental; Assistência à saúde mental.
Diagnóstico de enfermagem comunicação verbal prejudicada na prática clínica: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Puggina Ana Cláudia Giesbrecht , Trovo Monica Martins , Biondo Chaiane Amorim , Barbosa Ingrid de Almeida , Santos Mariana , Da Silva Maria Júlia Paes
Published: May 2016

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar na literatura o uso na prática clínica do diagnóstico de enfermagemComunicação Verbal Prejudicada em adultos e idosos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura nasbases de dados LILACS, BDENF, Coleciona SUS, CINAHL, EMBASE e MEDLINE, no ano de 2015. Foramanalisados 20 estudos, dos quais 12 (60%) relataram alta prevalência (75-100%) do diagnóstico em distintoscontextos clínicos, geralmente associado ao impedimento verbal por barreiras físicas, tais como:intubação/traqueostomia e alterações neurológicas. O diagnóstico Comunicação Verbal Prejudicada tem sidoutilizado na prática clínica de maneira superficial, considerando principalmente aspectos físicos, de fácilidentificação, sem avaliação mais precisa e detalhada do prejuízo na comunicação. Aspectos emocionais esociais não foram considerados pela maioria dos estudos.Descritores: Diagnóstico de Enfermagem; Comunicação; Enfermagem.
O filho com transtorno global do desenvolvimento: percepções de mães acerca de cuidados cotidianos
Authors: Da Cunha Chalimar , Santos Raquel Godinho Hokama , Carlos Diene Monique
Published: May 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer e analisar a percepção de mães sobre o cuidado e as demandas decuidado do filho com Transtorno Global do Desenvolvimento (TGD). Pesquisa qualitativa, sendo acoleta de dados realizada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete mães, e a análise atravésdo método de análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Emergiram dois núcleos temáticosintitulados Diferença; e Cuidado e Sobrecarga versus Proteção. Evidenciou‐se que as mães percebem asalterações apresentadas por seus filhos a partir da comparação com outras crianças, e principalmenteno âmbito da interação social. A sobrecarga pelos cuidados intensivos com os filhos é ressaltada, e ospercebem como extremamente frágeis, reforçando a necessidade de proteção sobre eles. Sãonecessárias ações dirigidas a mães de crianças e adolescentes com TGD, principalmente naorganização do processo de avaliação dos transtornos mentais e no processo de adaptação pessoal esocial frente às alterações vivenciadas.Descritores: Mães; Saúde mental; Criança; Adolescente; Enfermagem.
La justicia transicional: ¿un paso hacia la paz?
Authors: Vizcaíno G. Milcíades
Published: May 2016

La justicia transicional es un asunto complejo, por cuanto encierra múltiples aspectos no solo conceptuales sino en relación con su contexto. Este artículo se propone desarrollar la tesis de que la justicia transicional es el núcleo de la negociación entre el Estado y las fuerzas insurgentes, por cuanto define la justicia, la verdad, la reparación y la no repetición; pero ella es creíble si, y solo si, es aplicable y aplicada. Los argumentos son tres: primero, los acuerdos sobre justicia transicional son controversiales; segundo, las tendencias del pasado reciente anuncian inseguridades sobre las expectativas anunciadas, y, tercero, en las circunstancias actuales, la “no repetición” es frágil por las probabilidades de reincidencia que frenaría la restitución de derechos y de deberes de parte del Estado y de los actores directos.
El renacer de las teorías de la imputación en la dogmática jurídico-penal: ¿hacia una etapa superadora o involución a concepciones pre-científicas?
Authors: Cordini Nicolás Santiago
Published: May 2016

La ciencia del Derecho penal atraviesa un momento que puede ser caracterizado como de ‘crisis’. Ante dicha situación, han proliferado teorías que se definen a sí mismas como “teorías de la imputación” que abandona, total o parcialmente, la teoría del delito hasta ahora dominante. La finalidad del presente artículo es analizar tres teorías enroladas bajo el concepto de imputación y determinar en qué medida conservan o se alejan de las categorías propuestas por la teoría del delito. Paso siguiente, estableceremos en qué medida estas teorías constituyen un avance para la ciencia del Derecho penal o, por el contrario, son manifestaciones de un retroceso a etapas pre-científicas.
"Please consider my request for an interview": A Cross-cultural Genre Analysis of Cover Letters Written by Canadian and Taiwanese College Students
Authors: Hou Hsiao-I
Published: May 2016

In this study, similarities and differences among generic structures in 80 cover letters written by Taiwanese and Canadian college students were investigated, adopting Upton and Connor’s (2001) framework. The results demonstrated that Canadian students tend to write longer letters, use a greater variety of word types and sentence structures, and choose more professional words than do Tai- wanese students. From the moves-based analysis results, the study revealed that to achieve the main communicative purpose of a cover letter, which is to be con- tacted for an interview, the Canadians employed lengthy sentences and various strategies to demonstrate their qualifications. By contrast, Taiwanese students employed different communicative elements, including direct strategies to ex- press their desire for an interview and uses of formulaic expressions that were not observed in the Canadian corpus. The research findings suggest that the move- structural and rhetorical differences are due to writers’ differences in cultural backgrounds and their rhetorical and lexical knowledge of the particular genre. The results of this study provide implications for teaching English for specific purposes to nonnative speakers.
Pragmatics in the Post-TESL Certificate Course "Language Teaching for Employment"
Authors: Bartel Joan
Published: May 2016

For those immigrants to Canada who need some language training in order to access employment in their field, occupational ESL classes have been available in Ontario for several years. Recent additions to Occupation-Specific Language Training and Bridging programs, as well as a new emphasis on work-related content in LINC classes, have created a need for trained instructors for this area of ESL. The Language Training for Employment (LTE) is a Post-TESL Certificate course that addresses this need. Within the course, Pragmatics is 1 of 12 units— one that participants have little knowledge of or practice with before the course, and 1 of 2 units that receive unanimously positive feedback from participants at the end. This article explains the conceptual framework of LTE, the content of the Pragmatics Unit, its implementation and participant feedback.
Teaching Strategies to Get the Tone Right: Making Requests and Gaining Compliance
Authors: Glass Maria
Published: May 2016

Language learners invariably struggle with the target language pragmatics, and helping them to understand and use it appropriately is not an easy task for ESL teachers. Specific pragmatic acts, such as requests, involve myriad elements that, despite being inherent to these acts, are quite elusive. No wonder so many ESL teachers feel intimidated and, not surprisingly, end up avoiding dealing with pragmatics in the classroom. This article introduces a strategy-instruction tech- nique that has been proven effective in teaching language learners how to make requests and gain compliance.
The Neglected Combination: A Case for Explicit-Inductive Instruction in Teaching Pragmatics in ESL
Authors: Glaser Karen
Published: May 2016

A substantial part of interlanguage pragmatics (ILP) research has contrasted ex- plicit and implicit teaching designs, generally finding that explicit approaches— those featuring metapragmatic rule provision—are more effective than their implicit counterparts, which are characterized by the absence of metapragmatic information. A second dichotomy used to characterize instructional designs, that of deductive vs. inductive approaches, has received somewhat less attention. Con- cerned with the sequencing of the instruction rather than the criterion of whether or not to provide rules, this concerns the question of whether to choose (deductive) rules or (inductive) language use as the starting point of the instruction. Although the two dichotomies are interrelated, they are often unjustifiably merged, with the labels deductive and explicit, on the one hand, and inductive and implicit, on the other, being used interchangeably. This article illustrates the reasons for this oversimplification and argues that the resulting focus on the contrast of explicit-deductive and implicit-inductive designs has led to overlooking a third possible constellation: the explicit-inductive framework. Adopting a classroom perspective, the article further attempts to point out the advantages that this neglected combination can have for the teaching and learning of pragmatics in ESL.
Reflecting on the Japan-Chile Task-Based Telecollaboration Project for Beginner-Level Learners
Authors: Dunne B. Greg
Published: May 2016

Using O’Dowd and Ritter’s (2006) Inventory of Reasons for Failed Communication in Telecollaborative Projects as a barometer, this article details the considerations and procedures followed in a task-based, asynchronous email tele-collaboration project between EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners in Japan and Chile. In a climate where current research surrounding telecollaboration continues to gravitate toward the dual foci of intercultural communicative competence and multimodal technology, this article exemplifies how the adoption of a task-based framework can greatly assist the induction of beginner-level EFL students into a telecollaborative learning environment. It also encourages EFL and ESL (English as a Second Language) teachers throughout the world to seek task designs that will help them do the same. The project experienced its share of logistical and technical challenges but by adopting the currently unconventional stance of designing tasks that highlight individual identity and downplay cultural identity the project appeared to minimize intercultural tension, unmanageable levels of incomprehensibility and inability to arrive at task outcomes.Utilisant l’article de O’Dowd et Ritter (2006) Inventory of Reasons for Failed Communication in Telecollaborative Projects comme baromètre, cet article décrit en détail les considérations et les procédures d’un projet de télécollaboration asynchrone, par courriel et basé sur les tâches entre des apprenants d’anglais langue étrangère (ALE) au Japon et au Chili. Dans le climat actuel où la recherche portant sur la télécollaboration continue à se tourner vers la compétence communicative interculturelle et la technologie multimodale, cet article démontre les bienfaits significatifs d’adopter un cadre basé sur les tâches pour accueillir les élèves débutants en ALE dans un milieu d’apprentissage télécollaboratif. L’article encourage également les enseignants d’ALE et d’ALS partout au monde à rechercher des tâches qui les aideront à en faire autant. Le projet a connu sa part de défis logistiques et techniques, mais en adoptant la position originale de concevoir des tâches qui soulignent l’identité individuelle et diminuent l’identité culturelle, il semble avoir minimisé la tension interculturelle, l’incompréhensibilité et l’incapacité à arriver aux résultats voulus.
Seedling mortality from litterfall increases with decreasing latitude
Authors: Gillman Len N.
Published: May 2016

Global patterns in ecology need to be identified and interpreted if macroecological processes are to be fully understood. Facilitating effects on seedlings such as that of nurse plants and competitive effects such as allelopathy have been well recognized but the importance of plants acting as killers through physical damage by the litterfall they produce has received relatively little attention. Here I examine latitudinal patterns of physical disturbance to seedlings (microdisturbance) due to litterfall and discuss the macroecological implications in light of current research. Analyses of results from published studies show that both the risk of litterfall disturbance, as measured using artificial model seedlings, and the proportion of seedling mortalities due to litterfall decrease significantly with increasing latitude. Patterns of microdisturbance appear to be driven by the dynamic interaction between macro‐litterfall, safe sites with protective overhead vegetation, topography, and animal activity. However, we are informed on this subject by few studies. There is evidence, again from a limited number of studies, for considerable spatial heterogeneity in microdisturbance intensity and for seedling resilience to litterfall damage to differ substantially among species. Therefore, differential survival among microsites may produce regeneration niche diversity. However, more focused studies are required across a range of forest types and latitudes before these results can be generalized. Therefore, there is fertile ground for researchers to use comparable multifactorial methods to investigate the implications of microdisturbance at macro‐ecological scales.
Beyond arctic and alpine: the influence of winter climate on temperate ecosystems
Authors: Ladwig Laura M. , Ratajczak Zak R. , Ocheltree Troy W. , Hafich Katya A. , Churchill Amber C. , Frey Sarah J. K. , Fuss Colin B. , Kazanski Clare E. , Muñoz Juan D. , Petrie Matthew D. , Reinmann Andrew B. , Smith Jane G.
Published: May 2016

Winter climate is expected to change under future climate scenarios, yet the majority of winter ecology research is focused in cold‐climate ecosystems. In many temperate systems, it is unclear how winter climate relates to biotic responses during the growing season. The objective of this study was to examine how winter weather relates to plant and animal communities in a variety of terrestrial ecosystems ranging from warm deserts to alpine tundra. Specifically, we examined the association between winter weather and plant phenology, plant species richness, consumer abundance, and consumer richness in 11 terrestrial ecosystems associated with the U.S. Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network. To varying degrees, winter precipitation and temperature were correlated with all biotic response variables. Bud break was tightly aligned with end of winter temperatures. For half the sites, winter weather was a better predictor of plant species richness than growing season weather. Warmer winters were correlated with lower consumer abundances in both temperate and alpine systems. Our findings suggest winter weather may have a strong influence on biotic activity during the growing season and should be considered in future studies investigating the effects of climate change on both alpine and temperate systems.
Using codispersion analysis to characterize spatial patterns in species co‐occurrences
Authors: Buckley Hannah L. , Case Bradley S. , Ellison Aaron M.
Published: May 2016

Visualizing and quantifying spatial patterns of co‐occurrence (i.e., of two or more species, or of species and underlying environmental variables) can suggest hypotheses about processes that structure species assemblages and their relevant spatial scales. Statistical models of spatial co‐occurrence generally assume that underlying spatial processes are isotropic and stationary, but many ecologically realistic spatial processes are anisotropic and non‐stationary. Here, we introduce codispersion analysis to ecologists and use it to detect and quantify anisotropic and nonstationary patterns and their relevant spatial scales in bivariate co‐occurrence data. Simulated data illustrated that codispersion analysis can accurately characterize complex spatial patterns. Analysis of co‐occurrence of common tree species growing in a 35‐ha plot revealed both positive and negative codispersion between different species; positive codispersion values reflected positive correlation in species abundance (aggregation), whereas negative codispersion values reflected negative correlation in species abundance (segregation). Comparisons of observed patterns with those simulated using two different null models showed that the codispersion of most species pairs differed significantly from random expectation. We conclude that codispersion analysis can be a useful exploratory tool to guide ecologists interested in modeling spatial processes.
Belowground interactions with aboveground consequences: Invasive earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Paudel Shishir , Longcore Travis , MacDonald Beau , McCormick Melissa K. , Szlavecz Katalin , Wilson Gail W. T. , Loss Scott R.
Published: May 2016

A mounting body of research suggests that invasive nonnative earthworms substantially alter microbial communities, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These changes toAMFcan cascade to affect plant communities and vertebrate populations. Despite these research advances, relatively little is known about (1) the mechanisms behind earthworms’ effects onAMFand (2) the factors that determine the outcomes of earthworm–AMFinteractions (i.e., whetherAMFabundance is increased or decreased and subsequent effects on plants). We predict thatAMF‐mediated effects of nonnative earthworms on ecosystems are nearly universal because (1)AMFare important components of most terrestrial ecosystems, (2) nonnative earthworms have become established in nearly every type of terrestrial ecosystem, and (3) nonnative earthworms, due to their burrowing and feeding behavior, greatly affectAMFwith potentially profound concomitant effects on plant communities. We highlight the multiple direct and indirect effects of nonnative earthworms on plants and review what is currently known about the interaction between earthworms andAMF. We also illustrate how the effects of nonnative earthworms on plant–AMFmutualisms can alter the structure and stability of aboveground plant communities, as well as the vertebrate communities relying on these habitats. Integrative studies that assess the interactive effects of earthworms andAMFcan provide new insights into the role that belowground ecosystem engineers play in altering aboveground ecological processes. Understanding these processes may improve our ability to predict the structure of plant and animal communities in earthworm‐invaded regions and to develop management strategies that limit the numerous undesired impacts of earthworms.
Spatial arrangement of prey affects the shape of ratio‐dependent functional response in strongly antagonistic predators
Authors: Hossie Thomas J. , Murray Dennis L.
Published: May 2016

Predators play a key role in shaping natural ecosystems, and understanding the factors that influence a predator's kill rate is central to predicting predator–prey dynamics. While prey density has a well‐established effect on predation, it is increasingly apparent that predator density also can critically influence predator kill rates. The effects of both prey and predator density on the functional response will, however, be determined in part by their distribution on the landscape. To examine this complex relationship we experimentally manipulated prey density, predator density, and prey distribution using a tadpole (prey)–dragonfly nymph (predator) system. Predation was strongly ratio‐dependent irrespective of prey distribution, but the shape of the functional response changed from hyperbolic to sigmoidal when prey were clumped in space. This sigmoidal functional response reflected a relatively strong negative effect of predator interference on kill rates at low prey: predator ratios when prey were clumped. Prey aggregation also appeared to promote stabilizing density‐dependent intraguild predation in our system. We conclude that systems with highly antagonistic predators and patchily distributed prey are more likely to experience stable dynamics, and that our understanding of the functional response will be improved by research that examines directly the mechanisms generating interference.
Long‐term monitoring and experimental manipulation of a Chihuahuan desert ecosystem near Portal, Arizona (1977–2013)
Authors: Morgan Ernest S. K. , Yenni Glenda M. , Allington Ginger , Christensen Erica M. , Geluso Keith , Goheen Jacob R. , Schutzenhofer Michelle R. , Supp Sarah R. , Thibault Katherine M. , Brown James H. , Valone Thomas J.
Published: May 2016

Desert ecosystems have long served as model systems in the study of ecological concepts (e.g., competition, resource pulses, top‐down/bottom‐up dynamics). However, the inherent variability of resource availability in deserts, and hence consumer dynamics, can also make them challenging ecosystems to understand. Study of a Chihuahuan desert ecosystem near Portal, Arizona began in 1977. At this site, 24 experimental plots were established and divided among controls and experimental manipulations. Experimental manipulations over the years include removal of all or some rodent species, all or some ants, seed additions, and various alterations of the annual plant community. This dataset includes data previously available through an older data publication and adds 11 years of data. It also includes additional ant and weather data not previously available. These data have been used in a variety of publications documenting the effects of the experimental manipulations as well as the response of populations and communities to long‐term changes in climate and habitat. Sampling is ongoing and additional data will be published in the future.