bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histological Features of Gastric Mucosa Serologically Diagnosed as Gastric Atrophy without Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Okuno Hiroaki , Suzuki Sho , Watanabe Hidenobu , Kusano Chika , Ikehara Hisatomo , Moriyama Mitsuhiko , Gotoda Takuji
Published: March 2019

Background/Aims: Although gastric atrophy is primarily caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, it is unclear why patients serologically diagnosed with gastric atrophy without H. pylori infection exhibit greater atrophy. We investigated histopathological features in serologically diagnosed gastric atrophy without H. pylori infection. Methods: Thirty-four patients with positive serum pepsinogen and negative serum H. pylori antibody tests underwent gastric biopsy and histological evaluation. The presence of enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL) was also evaluated. Gastric cancer risks for each histological feature according to the Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) and Operative Link on Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia (OLGIM) were assessed. Results: Twenty-five (74%) patients had histological gastric atrophy. Among those, the following histological subgroups were identified: eight had H. pylori but no ECL, 13 had neither H. pylori nor ECL, and 4 had ECL without H. pylori. Nine patients without histological atrophy had neither H. pylori nor ECL. Patients with H. pylori on histological diagnosis had significantly higher scores on OLGA and OLGIM. Conclusions: Various histological features, with significant differences in gastric cancer risk, were identified in the gastric mucosa serologically diagnosed with atrophy without H. pylori infection. Therefore, serological screening for gastric cancer risk tests has several limitations, and additional evaluations should be considered.
Glucocorticoid Receptor‐Binding and Transcriptome Signature in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Severinova Elena , Alikunju Saleena , Deng Wei , Dhawan Puneet , Sayed Nazish , Sayed Danish
Published: March 2019

Background

An increase in serum cortisol has been identified as a risk factor for cardiac failure, which highlights the impact of glucocorticoid signaling in cardiomyocytes and its influence in the progression of failure. Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, is sufficient for induction of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, but little is known of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) genome‐binding and ‐dependent transcriptional changes that mediate this phenotype.

Methods and Results

In this study using high‐resolution sequencing, we identified genomic targets of GR and associated change in the transcriptome after 1 and 24 hours of dexamethasone treatment. We showed that GR associates with 6482 genes in the cardiac genome, with differential regulation of 738 genes. Interestingly, alignment of the chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA sequencing data show that, after 1 hour, 69% of differentially regulated genes are associated with GR and identify as regulators of RNA pol II–dependent transcription. Conversely, after 24 hours only 45% of regulated genes are associated with GR and involved in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies as well as other growth‐related pathways. In addition, our data also reveal that a majority of genes (76.42%) associated with GR show incremental changes in transcript abundance and are genes involved in basic cellular processes that might be regulated by the dynamics of promoter‐paused RNA pol II, as seen in hearts undergoing hypertrophy. In vivo administration of dexamethasone resulted in similar changes in the cardiac transcriptome, as seen in isolated cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions

Our data reveal genome‐wide GR binding sites in cardiomyocytes, identify novel targets and GR‐dependent change in the transcriptome that induces and contributes to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
Severe Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis? Check Troponin, Too
Authors: Charitakis Konstantinos , Nguyen Tom C.
Published: March 2019

See Article by
Akodad et al
Delayed Resolution of Cerebral Edema Is Associated With Poor Outcome After Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Rass Verena , Ianosi Bogdan-Andrei , Wegmann Andreas , Gaasch Max , Schiefecker Alois J. , Kofler Mario , Lindner Anna , Addis Alberto , Almashad Salma S. , Rhomberg Paul , Pfausler Bettina , Beer Ronny , Gizewski Elke R. , Thomé Claudius , Helbok Raimund
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—

Global cerebral edema occurs in up to 57% of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and is associated with prolonged hospital stay and poor outcome. Recently, admission brain edema was successfully graded using a simplified computed tomography-based semiquantitative score (subarachnoid hemorrhage early brain edema score [SEBES]). Longitudinal evaluation of the SEBES grade may discriminate patients with rapid and delayed edema resolution after SAH. Here, we aimed to describe the resolution of brain edema and to study the relationship between this radiographic biomarker and hospital course and outcome after SAH.

Methods—

For the current observational cohort study, computed tomography scans of 283 consecutive nontraumatic SAH patients admitted to the neurological intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital were graded based on the absence of visible sulci at 2 predefined brain tissue levels in each hemisphere (SEBES ranging from 0 to 4). A score of ≥3 was defined as high-grade SEBES. Multivariable regression models using generalized linear models were used to identify associated factors with delayed edema resolution based on the median time to resolution (SEBES ≤2) in SAH survivors.

Results—

Patients were 57 years old (interquartile range, 48–68) and presented with a median admission Hunt and Hess grade of 3 (interquartile range, 1–5). High-grade SEBES was common (106/283, 37%) and resolved within a median of 8 days (interquartile range, 4–15) in survivors (N=80). Factors associated with delayed edema resolution were early (<72 hours) hypernatremia (>150 mmol/L; adjusted odds ratio [adjOR], 4.88; 95% CI, 1.68–14.18), leukocytosis (>15 G/L; adjOR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.24–8.77), hyperchloremia (>121 mmol/L; adjOR, 5.24; 95% CI, 1.64–16.76), and female sex (adjOR, 3.71; 95% CI, 1.01–13.64) after adjusting for admission Hunt and Hess grade and age. Delayed brain edema resolution was an independent predictor of worse functional 3-month outcome (adjOR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.07–5.92).

Conclusions—

Our data suggest that repeated quantification of the SEBES can identify SAH patients with delayed edema resolution. Based on its’ prognostic value as radiographic biomarker, the SEBES may be integrated in future trials aiming to improve edema resolution after SAH.
İKİ BOYUTLU MENŞE ÜLKE ETKİSİ VE TÜKETİCİ ETNOSENTRİZMİ ETKİLEŞİMİ
Authors: GENÇ Ebru
Published: March 2019

Uluslararası
alanda faaliyet gösteren şirketler üretimlerini farklı ülkelere kaydırınca ülke
menşei kavramı da üretim-menşe-ülke ve dizayn-menşe-ülke gibi farklı boyutlar
kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türk tüketicilerinin ürün değerlendirmelerinde
üretim-menşe-ülke ve dizayn-menşe-ülke bilgilerini dikkate alıp almadıklarını
ve bu değişkenlerin hem birbirleri arasında hem de tüketici etnosentrizmiyle
nasıl bir etkileşim halinde oldukları araştırılmıştır. Bu etkilerin araştırılması
için bir gelişmiş ülke (ABD), bir gelişmekte olan ülke (Bangladeş) ve
Türkiye’nin karşılaştırması şeklinde üç farklı ülke menşei seviyesi ele
alınmıştır. Bunun yanında tüketici etnosentrizminin de tüketicilerin ürün
değerlendirmelerine olan etkisine bakılarak bu değişkenin de diğer
değişkenlerle olan etkileşimi analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada 3x3 tam faktöriyel
dizayn şeklinde deneysel metot kullanılarak 490 kişilik örneklemden veri
toplanmıştır. Ancak deneysel manipülasyonu doğru hatırlamayanlar çıkarıldıktan
sonra analizler kalan 319 kişilik örneklemle yapılmıştır. Yapılan ANCOVA
analizlerinin sonucunda üretim-menşe-ülke bilgisinin tüketicilerin ürün
değerlendirmelerini önemli bir şekilde etkilediği bulunmuştur ancak bu etkinin
dizayn-menşe-ülkesi için geçerli olmadığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca bulgularımız tüketici
ürün değerlendirmelerinde etnosentrizm ve üretim-menşe-ülke arasında önemli bir
etkileşim etkisinin mevcut olduğunu bize göstermiştir. Yüksek etnosentrizme
sahip tüketicilerin düşük olanlara göre ABD üretim-menşeli ürünü Türkiye üretim-menşeli
ürüne göre önemli ölçüde daha düşük değerlendirdiklerini göstermiştir bu
durumun düşük etnosentrizme sahip tüketicilerde tam tersi olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Gregory-Aland 080
Authors: Hixson Elijah
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this short article is to give an edition and brief assessment of the sixth-century fragment of a purple Gospel codex, 080. The fragment has never been fully published in an accessible form or edition, and no legible, complete images of it currently exist to my knowledge. Therefore in light of the forthcoming Editio Critica Maior for Mark’s Gospel, it seems helpful to track down what can be known about the fragmentary manuscript and to publish an edition of its text.
The EU’s Regulation on the Sustainable Management of External Fishing Fleets: International and European Law Perspectives
Authors: Guggisberg Solène
Published: March 2019

The European Union’s (EU) new Regulation on the sustainable management of external fishing fleets strengthens the framework under which authorisations are granted to EU vessels desiring to fish outside of EU waters. It applies to all such fishing activities, conditions the granting of authorisations on sustainability criteria, and provides a level of institutional control on Member States’ actions, as well as some transparency. It also covers poorly monitored practices, such as reflagging and chartering. However, there have been some missed opportunities, in particular with regard to unregulated high seas fishing and the public accessibility of data on beneficial ownership. More generally, the impact on sustainability of the EU’s stricter measures will depend, in the highly inter-connected world of fisheries, on whether other States also embrace such good governance principles.
An Ecumenical Account of Categorical Moral Reasons
Authors: Strandberg Caj
Published: March 2019

According to an influential way of understanding the debate between internalism and externalism about normative reasons, these theories confront us with a dilemma. Internalism is taken to involve a view about rationality which is considered less philosophically problematic than its competitors, whereas externalism is taken to suggest a more contentious view concerning this notion. However, the assumption that externalism involves a more demanding notion of rationality implies that it is able to account for categorical moral reasons, whereas internalism is unable to do so. In this paper, I outline an ecumenical view about normative reasons which involves the same notion of rationality as internalism, at the same time as it is able to account for categorical moral reasons. Thus, it evades the dilemma.
Naturalism and the Error Theory
Authors: Jackson Frank
Published: March 2019

Bart Streumer makes an interesting case for an error theory in ethics—and for an error theory for normativity more generally, but I will focus on the more restricted target. I offer a reply on behalf of naturalists (reductionists, reductive realists) in ethics. My case for resistance will involve identifying a three-fold ambiguity in his use of the term ‘guarantee’. I conclude with some observations about the implications of theories of reference for moral/ethical terms for the debate.
Influence of Human Parameters on Labor Productivity in the Construction Industry
Authors: Karthik Dasari , Rao C. B. K.
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The objective of this article is to investigate the influence of human parameters on qualitative assessment of labor productivity (LP) in the construction industry.

Background:

The theories involving workers have identified various parameters on physical efficiency, such as heart rate, relative heart rate, and calorie count, so as to improve the safety and social conditions of construction labor, thereby increasing LP. However, there is no direct emphasis on assessment of LP using human parameters related to physical strength.

Method:

An exploratory study was conducted on 17 construction workers by observing their task-level LP in real time at a construction site. Human parameters, such as age, body mass index (BMI), handgrip strength, and upper body muscle strength of the laborers, were measured at the construction site. Performance levels of these workers were placed in three categories, and each worker was assigned a typical weightage to each category when correlated to physical strength.

Results:

Labor categories among the human parameters that included middle age, normal-range BMI, and strong muscular strength were shown as having higher LP than others. A quantitative parameter called the Human Parameter Index (HPI) was developed based on the performance categories developed for an individual worker. Human parameters revealed a significant relationship with respect to task-level LP.

Conclusion and Application:

The study determines the influence of human parameters on LP in construction. Introduction of human parameters in the construction industry will help in assessment of LP for various labor-intensive activities.
The full-order state observer speed-sensorless vector control based on parameters identification for induction motor
Authors: Fan Bo , Fu Zhumu , Liu Leipo , Fu Jiangtao
Published: March 2019

During the operation of speed-sensorless control system for induction motor, the stator and rotor resistance varies greatly with the change of temperature and the frequency of the rotor side, which affects the estimation of the stator flux and leads to the low accuracy of the speed estimation. A speed-sensorless vector control method based on parameters identification with the full-order adaptive state observer is proposed in this paper. In the model reference adaptive system of AC motor, the stator resistance and rotor flux are assigned as state variables to build the reference model, and a full-order flux observer is introduced to adjustable model. Lyapunov theory and Popov superstability theory are used to deduce the speed and rotor resistance adaptive rate. The feedback gain matrix is simplified to speed up the convergence rate of the system. The estimation values of speed and rotor resistance are taken as the proportional integral form, so that an interactive model reference adaptive system is constructed by speed and rotor resistance identification. While observing the rotor flux, it can not only ensure the accuracy of the reference model but also eliminate the disadvantages of the voltage model with integral terms, and the rotor speed can be estimated at the same time. The experimental results show that the accurate performance of speed and flux identification can meet the requirements of application; the proposed control method with the identification of speed and rotor resistance has little fluctuations phenomenon on motor torque in low speed and achieves better performance.
Advanced quiz development for students’ self-learning in power generation, transmission and distribution
Authors: Bogarra Santiago , Corbalán Montserrat , Plaza Inmaculada
Published: March 2019

Students’ learning can be improved by using online quizzes with a valuable feedback, especially in large groups, making it very interesting for engineering subjects which are based on mathematics. This paper presents the evaluation of an online quiz experience based on a case study in two university subjects. Quizzes were created by using Wiris Quizzes (WQ) that can register the complete solution with all the steps involved. WQ has a calculator that allows us to solve the mathematical part of the quiz. The first aim of the online WQ experience is to provide feedback to students through automatic grading and clues to find the correct answers. The second aim is to promote autonomous student learning. The teachers also have excellent feedback about faulty interpretations or weaknesses in the students’ understanding. Consequently, teachers can provide corrective information to clarify ideas about what they want to be understood and what is understood by students. WQ allows teachers to develop algorithms for the quizzes by using random data, figures realized through programming, and multiple solutions that depend on the values of a table. The teaching experience of using WQ has shown that this tool can be useful in university technological subjects with large groups that require advanced and customized quizzes.
Stacking Up With the Stars: Relative Deprivation and Excessive Admiration of Celebrities
Authors: Aruguete Mara S. , Huynh Ho , Collisson Brian , McCutcheon Lynn , Piotrowski Chris
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether celebrity admiration is associated with personal relative deprivation, impulsivity, and materialism. We gave the Celebrity Attitude Scale, the Personal Relative Deprivation Scale, the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status, a subscale from the Consideration of Future Consequences-14, and the Material Values Scale, to 149 respondents recruited through Mechanical Turk. We found a weak but significant association between personal relative deprivation and celebrity attitudes. We successfully replicated earlier research showing that celebrity attitudes were positively correlated with material values and impulsivity. Personal relative deprivation also correlated positively with both material values and impulsivity. These findings suggest that the constructs of personal relative deprivation and celebrity attitudes appear to have much in common as both are associated with poor quality of life.
Cephalic tetanus presenting with bilateral facial palsy
Authors: Tahir A , Pokorny P , Malek N
Published: March 2019

We discuss the case and differential diagnoses of an elderly man who presented with bilateral facial palsy. He had injured his forehead in the garden during a fall on his face and the open wound was contaminated by soil. He then presented to the emergency department with facial weakness causing difficulty speaking. The penny dropped when he started developing muscle spasms affecting his lower jaw a day after admission. It also became clear that he could not open his mouth wide (lock jaw). The combination of muscle spasms and lock jaw (trismus) made tetanus the most likely possibility, and this was proven when he had samples taken from his wound and analysed under the microscope, which showed Clostridium tetani bacilli. C. tetani spores are widespread in the environment, including in the soil, and can survive hostile conditions for long periods of time. Transmission occurs when spores are introduced into the body, often through contaminated wounds. Tetanus in the United Kingdom is rare, but can prove fatal if there is a delay in recognition and treatment.
Fabrication and properties of carbon/carbon-carbon foam composites
Authors: Wang Bin , Xu Bugao , Li Hejun
Published: March 2019

This paper was focused on the development of a new composite for high thermal insulation applications with carbon/carbon (C/C) composites, carbon foams and an interlayer of phenolic-based carbon. The microstructure, mechanical properties, fracture mechanism and thermal insulation performance of the composite was investigated. The experiment results showed that the bonding strength of the C/C-carbon foam composite was 4.31 MPa, and that the fracture occurred and propagated near the interface of the carbon foam and the phenolic-based carbon interlayer due to the relatively weak bonding. The shear load-displacement curves were characterized by alternated linear slopes and serrated plateaus before a final failure. he experiment revealed that the thermal conductivity of the C/C-carbon foam composite was 1.55 W·m−1ċK−1 in 800℃, which was 95.8% lower than that of C/C composites, proving that the thermal insulation of the new foam composite was greatly enhanced by the carbon foam with its porous hollow microstructure.
The Environmental Consequences of Asymmetric War: A Panel Study of Militarism and Carbon Emissions, 2000–2010
Authors: Smith Chad L. , Lengefeld Michael R.
Published: March 2019

Warmaking and war preparation have changed significantly in the 21st century. A number of scholars have documented and analyzed these changes. Drawing on work focused upon “new war” and “new militarism,” we argue that one facet of these practices has received little attention—the environmental consequences of “new militarism.” Specifically, we contend that “asymmetric war” through the mechanism of risk-transfer militarism results in increased carbon emissions. Our analyses utilize fixed effects models for 126 countries using international panel data from 2000 to 2010. We sketch the differences in these outcomes for both developed and developing nations, contextualize carbon emissions within both times of economic prosperity and decline, provide evidence of the differential effects on carbon emissions by a nation’s world-systems standing, and provide empirical evidence of the rise of risk-transfer militarism and its negative effects on the environment.
The Impact of iCoaching on Teacher-Delivered Opportunities to Respond
Authors: Randolph Kathleen M. , Duffy Mary Lou , Brady Michael P. , Wilson Cynthia L. , Scheeler Mary Catherine
Published: March 2019

Coaching in the school setting typically follows the traditional format of preconference, observe, and postconference, where feedback on teaching performance is shared but often delayed. Professional development (PD) provides teachers with skills to enhance their teaching practice with little to no follow-up or support. The most effective way to produce change in the school setting is to show the connection between PD and student performance, and iCoaching can help to bridge the gap. In this study, four teachers participated in a focused PD session and subsequent iCoaching sessions where the researcher used iPods and Bluetooth earbuds as a bug-in-ear (BIE) device. A coach served as a live, remote observer providing coaching prompts to increase teacher-delivered opportunities to respond (OTR). The results indicated that iCoaching was effective in increasing teacher-delivered OTR and in increasing student responses and academic performance.
Exploring experiences of librarians in Zimbabwean state universities with the consortium model of subscribing to electronic journals
Authors: Machimbidza Takawira , Mutula Stephen
Published: March 2019

The study explores the experiences of librarians in three state universities in Zimbabwe with the consortium model of subscribing to electronic journals. The study employed a qualitative approach. Interviews were held with nine professional librarians from each of the participating institutions. Findings showed that state universities in Zimbabwe have benefitted from consortium subscribed electronic journals; however, librarians were concerned about their coverage and relevancy. Librarians felt disempowered as they have lost the independence to select resources suitable for their own institutions. The lack of archival rights is detrimental to post-termination access to previously subscribed resources. Institutions face challenges with technological infrastructure that allows them to convey consortium resources to their users. The study provides important insight into the practice of consortium from a developing country context. The findings will alert consortia managers and member institutions to the key shortfalls of consortia arrangements. The study’s recommendations hopefully triggers corrective actions aimed at improving the practice of consortia to the benefit of end users.
Investigation of the Relationships Between Paranormal Beliefs, Parental Bonding, and Adult Attachment of University Students
Authors: Karayagiz Saban , Aktan Timucin
Published: March 2019

Paranormal beliefs are of interest for the college students especially studying psychology and philosophy. In addition, attitudes such as parental bonding and adult attachment affect levels of paranormal beliefs. Exploring the relationships among these principal themes is of great importance in illuminating possible effects of students’ attachments and bonding toward the development of paranormal beliefs. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among students’ parental attachment, relationship attitude, and paranormal beliefs; 239 university students responded to the items in three separate questionnaires, the Paranormal Belief Scale, parental bonding, and adult attachment survey. The research findings showed that a significant relationship exists between paranormal beliefs and attachment attitudes in the favor of females. In terms of the relationship between paranormal beliefs and adult attachment, the results also revealed that they have akin relationships between adult attachment and parental bonding. Although adult relationships affect paranormal beliefs, no significant correlation was found among three areas possible because the effect of parental bonding is limited in the long term.
Dynamic Restraints of the Medial Side of the Knee: The Semimembranosus Corner Revisited
Authors: Kittl Christoph , Becker Deborah K. , Raschke Michael J. , Müller Marcus , Wierer Guido , Domnick Christoph , Glasbrenner Johannes , Michel Philipp , Herbort Mirco
Published: March 2019

Background:

Little is known about the dynamic restraints of the semimembranosus muscle (SM).

Purpose and Hypothesis:

The goal of the present study was to elucidate the role of (1) passive and (2) active restraints to medial-side instability and to analyze (3) the corresponding tightening of the posteromedial structures by loading the SM. It was hypothesized that points 1 to 3 will significantly restrain medial knee instability. This will aid in understanding the synergistic effect of the semimembranosus corner.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Nine knees were tested in a 6 degrees of freedom robotic setup and an optical tracking system. External rotation (ER; 4 N·m), internal rotation (4 N·m), anteromedial rotation (4-N·m ER and 89-N anterior tibial translation), and valgus rotation (8 N·m) were applied at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°, with and without an SM load of 75 N. Sequential cutting of the medial collateral ligament and posterior oblique ligament was then performed. At the intact state of the knee and after each cut, the aforementioned simulated laxity tests were performed.

Results:

The medial collateral ligament was found to be the main passive stabilizer to ER and anteromedial rotation, resulting in 9.3° ± 6.8° ( P < .05), 8.1° ± 3.6° ( P < .05), and 7.6° ± 4.2° ( P < .05) at 30°, 60°, and 90°, respectively. Conversely, after the posterior oblique ligament was cut, internal rotation instability increased significantly at early flexion angles (9.3° ± 3.2° at 0° and 5.2° ± 1.1 at 30°). Loading the SM had an overall effect on restraining ER ( P < .001) and anteromedial rotation ( P < .001). This increased with flexion angle and sectioning of the medial structures and resulted in a pooled 2.8° ± 1.7° (not significant), 5.4° ± 2° ( P < .01), 7.5° ± 2.8° ( P < .001), and 8.3° ± 4.4° ( P < .001) at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° when compared with the unloaded state.

Conclusion:

The SM was found to be a main active restraint to ER and anteromedial rotation, especially at higher flexion angles and in absence of the main passive medial restraints. The calculated tensioning effect was small in all flexion angles for all simulated laxity tests.

Clinical Relevance:

A complete semimembranosus avulsion may indicate severe medial knee injury, and refixation should be considered in multiligament injury.
Acceptance and Compliance With Micronutrient Powder and Complementary Food Blend Use by Filipino Mothers and Their Promotion by Community Workers
Authors: Goyena Eva A. , Barba Corazon V. C. , Talavera Ma. Theresa M. , Paunlagui Merlyne M. , Rola Agnes C. , Tandang Nancy A.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Despite the nationwide micronutrient powder (MNP) supplementation, the Philippines only saw limited success in reducing the prevalence of anemia—a condition that has remained a public health concern among young children.

Objective:

To assess and explore the acceptability and compliance to MNP and Bigas-Mongo (BigMo) complementary food blend among mothers/caregivers of children aged 6 to 23 months and the promotion of these products by community health workers (CHWs).

Methods:

This study was part of the randomized controlled trial involving 3 methods of data collection: (1) bimonthly visits to mothers and caregivers for 6 months to determine the level of acceptability and compliance of the 4 intervention groups; (2) initial and final interviews with mothers/caregivers (initial = 141; final = 130) to gather their experiences and difficulties in MNP and BigMo preparation and feeding; and (3) focus group discussion (n = 4) among CHWs (n = 13) to understand their perceptions and difficulties in promoting MNP and BigMo.

Results:

The overall compliance to MNP consumption was 74.7%, with some difference between the groups. Analysis of the information received from mothers/caregivers showed that maternal adaptive strategies in preparing and feeding MNP to their children could affect MNP use, while nonreceptiveness of mothers to integrating MNP into the child’s feeding routine, perceived side effects, and perceived unfavorable taste and smell were key factors considered to limit MNP use.

Conclusion:

This study provides insights into MNP and BigMo acceptability and compliance by mothers and their promotion by CHWs, which may be useful in improving MNP program and complementary feeding projects and programs in similar settings.
Modeling Different Variables in Learning Basic Concepts of Programming in Flipped Classrooms
Authors: Durak Hatice Yildiz
Published: March 2019

Learning the basic concepts of programming and its foundations is considered as a challenging task for students to figure out. It is a challenging process for lecturers to learn these concepts, as well. The current literature on programming training abounds with the examples of a wide range of methods employed. Within this context, one of the prominent approaches in programming training is flipped classroom (FC) model. This article has sought to illuminate the effect of cognitive flexibility, problem-solving skills (PSS), and flipped learning readiness (FLR) levels on students' programming achievements in programming training through FC model. A total of 149 freshmen computer science students studying in a state university in Turkey were recruited for this study. In this study, designed as a relational screening model, a personal form, an achievement test, and three different data collection instruments were employed to collect data. For the data analysis, structural equation modeling, a multivariate statistical analysis technique, was used to reveal a model explaining and predicting the relations between programming achievement and different variables. The findings clearly indicate that FLR is the most important predictor of the programming achievements of students in FC. Other important predictors were found as PSS and cognitive flexibility. The research model demonstrates that an increase or development in FLR, PSS, and cognitive flexibility levels in FC will enhance the achievements of students in programming.
Effectiveness of a Transesophageal Echocardiography Course
Authors: Silva Restrepo Marcos , Boivin Michel A. , Kory Pierre , Sarkar Pralay K. , Banauch Gisela I. , Halpern Stephen , Mayo Paul H.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Transesophageal echocardiography has important applications for the management of the critically ill patient. There is a need to develop effective training programs for the critical care community in acquiring skill at critical care transesophageal echocardiography.

Objective:

We studied the effectiveness of a 1-day simulation-based course that focused on the acquisition of skill in the performance of critical care transesophageal echocardiography.

Methods:

Learners received training in image acquisition with a transesophageal simulator and training in image interpretation in small group sessions. Skill at image acquisition and image interpretation was assessed at the beginning and at the completion of the course.

Results:

There were 27 learners who attended the course. Pre and post knowledge scores were 55 (19; mean [SD]) and 88 (9; P < .0005), respectively. Pre and post image acquisition scores were 3.6 (3.7) and 9.9 (0.3; P < .0001), respectively.

Conclusions:

A 1-day course in critical care transesophageal echocardiography that combined case-based image interpretation with image acquisition training using a simulator improved technical skills and knowledge base.
Increasing Access to Physical Activity Within Low Income and Diverse Communities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stasi S. , Spengler J. , Maddock J. , McKyer L. , Clark H.
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this review is to uncover some best practices for increasing access to physical activity opportunities by examining efforts used within low income and diverse communities. The theoretical lens used is from the Active Living by Design (ALbD) Community Action Model, with a focus on the 6 essential practices (health equity focus, community engagement, facilitative leadership, sustainable thinking, culture of learning, and strategic communication) describing how partnerships can guide and sustain meaningful change in a community.

Methods:

A 2-step process guided the literature search. In step 1, 4 databases (PubMed, Psych INFO, Social Science Citation Index, and Cochrane Library) were searched using Boolean connections and variations in the key terms. Step 2 assessed articles by title, abstract, and full text to determine whether the studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Additionally, included articles were compared against the 6 essential practices outlined by the ecological framework, ALbD.

Results:

Of 1775 total articles, 14 studies met inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were case studies located in the United States using several different approaches including, changes in the built environment, implementation of a community-based physical activity program, creating partnerships to leverage resources, and policy change. This review compared the 14 studies against the 6 essential practices of the ALbD model and found 2 studies that met all 6 criteria, and only a few studies meeting more than 2 criteria.

Conclusions:

Overall, the conclusions are 2-fold, (1) only 14 cases demonstrate success in increasing access to physical activity opportunities, suggesting that more can be done to address inequalities. (2) Of the existing efforts, few utilize crucial components to create a sustainable change in the community. Future research should take into consideration the ALbD ecological framework, the best existing theory for this type of work, to guide the creation and implementation of a sustainable community access effort.
Computational fluid dynamics-based approach for low-order models of propelling nozzle performance
Authors: Al-Akam Aws , Nikolaidis Theoklis , MacManus David G
Published: March 2019

At the preliminary design stage for an aero-engine, the evaluation of the nozzle performance is an important aspect as it affects the overall engine cycle behaviour. Currently, there is a lack of systematic, extensive data on the nozzle performance and its dependence on the geometric and aerodynamic aspects. This paper presents a method that can be used to build characteristic maps for a nozzle as a function of a number of geometric and aerodynamic parameters. The proposed method encompasses the design of a nozzle configuration, a parameterisation of the nozzle pressure ratio, nozzle contraction ratio, plug half-angle (β), mesh generation, and an aerodynamic assessment using the Favre-averaged Navier–Stokes method. The method has been validated against experimental performance data of a plug nozzle configuration and then used for the aerodynamic assessment. The derived nozzle maps show that the thrust coefficient ( Cfg) for this type of nozzle is significantly sensitive to the combined effect of the variation of the proposed parameters on the nozzle performance. These maps were used to build low-order models to predict Cfg, using response surface methods. The performance was assessed, and the results show that these low-order methods are capable of providing Cfg estimates with sufficient accuracy for use in preliminary design assessments.
Truth by Repetition: Explanations and Implications
Authors: Unkelbach Christian , Koch Alex , Silva Rita R. , Garcia-Marques Teresa
Published: March 2019

People believe repeated information more than novel information; they show a repetition-induced truth effect. In a world of “alternative facts,” “fake news,” and strategic information management, understanding this effect is highly important. We first review explanations of the effect based on frequency, recognition, familiarity, and coherent references. On the basis of the latter explanation, we discuss the relations of these explanations. We then discuss implications of truth by repetition for the maintenance of false beliefs and ways to change potentially harmful false beliefs (e.g., “Vaccination causes autism”), illustrating that the truth-by-repetition phenomenon not only is of theoretical interest but also has immediate practical relevance.
Administrative Climate, Early Career Teacher Burnout, and Turnover
Authors: Perrone Frank , Player Daniel , Youngs Peter
Published: March 2019

Teacher burnout and turnover are known to be especially high for early career teachers (ECTs). However, the link between teacher burnout and turnover has received little attention in the current age of accountability. This study investigates how administrative climate is related to ECT burnout and subsequent career decisions using data from Michigan Indiana ECT Study participants ( n = 184). Results from linear regressions show that higher measures of administrative climate are strongly associated with lower levels of burnout. Subsequent logit models reveal that higher burnout, in turn, predicted ECT turnover while administrative climate surprisingly did not. These findings may lead to a better understanding of school leadership’s established role as a top determinant of teacher mobility.
A Pristine Approach for the Prominent Premaxilla in Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (BCLP) Cases
Authors: Monga Nitika , Kharbanda Om P.
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The neonate premaxilla in bilateral cleft lip and palate is often protruding and displaced laterally. Surgeons prefer the premaxilla to be repositioned and centralized to allow a tension-free primary lip repair. This report describes the fabrication of a premaxillary bonnet appliance with silicone material and its successful use in 2 cases of bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP).

Patients, Participants:

Two male BCLP patients of ages 34 days and 10 days, respectively.

Interventions:

Nonsurgical repositioning of the premaxillary segment using silicone cup–bonnet appliance.

Results:

The duration of active treatment by silicone appliance was 36 days in case 1 and 75 days in case 2. The retention period was 2 months and 3 months, respectively. The appliance made of room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone is flexible and softer in comparison to the rigid conventional acrylic appliance and is therefore almost atraumatic. A gentler appliance resulted in enhanced compliance and acceptance by the neonates. There was a noticeable change in the position of the discernible asymmetric premaxilla. Analysis of frontal facial photographs revealed an angular change in the position of the premaxilla (C) by 12° in case 1 and 6° in case 2 in reference to the midfacial plane.

Conclusion:

This silicone appliance provides enhanced compliance and improved retention compared to acrylic appliance since it is a more gentle, flexible, and less traumatic alternative to a rigid acrylic appliance. Further, the RTV silicone appliance can be 3-dimensionally printed for better accuracy following intraoral scanning and thus eliminating the need for impression making in cleft newborns.
Interactivity as a Double-Edged Sword: Parsing Out the Effects of Modality Interactivity on Anti-Smoking Message Processing and Persuasion
Authors: Oh Jeeyun , Ahn Jisoo , Lim Hayoung Sally
Published: March 2019

This study combines the heuristic-systematic model of persuasion with user interface literature to examine how website interactivity influences processing of anti-smoking messages and smoking outcome beliefs. We conducted a pilot experiment with 112 current smokers and found that the interactive website elicited more heuristic processing among participants, which diminished their outcome beliefs and website attitudes. However, their positive interface perception functioned as a salient cue that led to greater systematic processing, which outperformed the negative impact of interactivity. It is recommended for future research to examine the effect of interactivity on persuasion with other types of interface features and health messages.
Coupled thermal- and deformation-induced degradation in planar rubber membranes under radial loading
Authors: Wineman Alan , Shaw John
Published: March 2019

Elastomers at elevated temperatures can undergo microstructural changes owing to the scission, re-coiling, and re-crosslinking in their macromolecular network. These result in chemically based stress relaxation and permanent set. In previous work, a constitutive equation was developed for the thermo-mechanical response of such elastomers that generalized the Tobolsky two-network theory and incorporated results from an experimental program. One experimental result was that the scission process appeared to be unaffected by stretch, to within moderate stretches. There are indications that larger deformations affect the scission process. The purpose of the present work is to modify the previously developed constitutive theory to allow for this. The constitutive theory contains material properties, representing the chemical kinetics of scission, re-coiling, and re-crosslinking, that are expressed in terms of activation energies. The premise considered here, motivated by the mechano-chemical discussion in the literature, is that an increasing deformation decreases the activation energy and results in faster chemical stress relaxation. A method for accounting for this is introduced. The resultant constitutive theory is then used in the simulation of the radial planar deformation of a planar annular sheet by tractions at its outer boundary. This particular geometry is chosen for two reasons: (1) its convenience for experimental study; (2) the stretch concentration near the inner circular boundary will cause faster chemically based stress relaxation there, which could be readily observable.
Customer Perceptions of Innovativeness: An Accelerator for Value Co-Creation
Authors: Kim Eojina , Tang Liang (Rebecca) , Bosselman Robert
Published: March 2019

Hospitality and tourism businesses engage customers as collaborators in creating value through the satisfactory delivery of products and services. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of customers’ perception of innovativeness on their value co-creation behavior. Specifically, with the theoretical support of Service-Dominant logic, the present study investigates customer value co-creation behavior, its antecedents (i.e., customer’s perceived innovativeness) and consequences (i.e., customer satisfaction and loyalty) at restaurants. This study confirms a holistic concept of perceived innovativeness as the key predictor of customers’ behavior for value co-creation, which in turn leads to their satisfaction and loyalty. This study contributes to the evolving knowledge of innovativeness and value co-creation and offers practitioners effective strategies to improve customer value co-creation behavior through their perceptions of restaurants’ innovativeness and thereby maximizing their satisfaction and loyalty.
Finite element method based sliding wear prediction of steel-on-steel contacts using extrapolation techniques
Authors: Bose Kunal K , Ramkumar P
Published: March 2019

Wear is a complex phenomenon, which depends on various parameters such as load, velocity, material properties, surface, environmental conditions, etc. Hence, wear prediction is a challenging part of engineering. This paper focuses on numerically predicting the wear of 304 stainless steel pin sliding against AISI 52100 bearing steel disc, using pin-on-disc tribometer setup. The experiments are performed for loads of 10 N, 30 N, and 50 N and a sliding speed of 0.4 m/s. The wear coefficient and coefficient of friction obtained from the experiments are given as input to a 2D elastic finite element method model using a commercially available finite element method-based software ABAQUS. The differential form of the Archard’s wear law is used to obtain the wear depth at the contact nodes. The UMESHMOTION+ Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian technique is used to update the contact geometry after each wear increment. The major drawback of wear simulation is the large computational time requirement. To address this, three extrapolation techniques are used namely, the constant extrapolation, the linear extrapolation, and the constant pressure extrapolation technique. A new criterion for using extrapolation during sliding wear simulation was proposed. The extrapolation techniques take into consideration the evolution of the contact pressure and contact geometry during sliding wear. The effectiveness of these techniques based on the computational time and accuracy are analysed. Based on the accuracy, the linear extrapolation technique was found to be most effective, while the constant pressure extrapolation technique was most useful in reducing the computational time. The numerical results obtained are validated with the experimental results.
Cruise spillovers to hotels and restaurants
Authors: Skrede Oddne , Tveteraas Sigbjorn Landazuri
Published: March 2019

The rapid growth of cruise tourism has spurred a debate on about spillover effects on other sectors in the port destination. In this study, we investigate the effect of cruise tourism on the demand for hotels, restaurants and cafés. We estimate a demand function for this sector applying a spatial autocorrelation regression model using panel data from Norway. The results show positive, albeit modest, demand spillover effects of cruise tourism to these onshore businesses. Policy implications and limitations of the study are discussed.