bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring drug stability by label-free fluorescence lifetime imaging: a case study on liposomal doxorubicin
Authors: Carretta Annalisa , Cardarelli Francesco
Published: September 2023

In a previous report, we demonstrated that Doxorubicin (DOX) intrinsic fluorescence can be exploited in combination with the phasor approach to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and quantitative absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy to resolve the supramolecular organization of the drug within its FDA-approved nanoformulation, Doxil®. The resulting ‘synthetic identity’ comprises three co-existing physical states of the drug within Doxil®: a dominating fraction of crystallized DOX (DOXc >98%), and two minor fractions of free DOX (DOXf∼1%), and DOX associated with the liposomal membrane (DOXb <1%). This result serves as a benchmark here to address the time evolution of Doxil® synthetic identity. We probe the effect of temperature for a total duration of 6 months in a non-invasive way by FLIM. We confirm Doxil® stability if stored at 4°C, while we detect marked changes in its synthetic identity at 37°C: crystallized DOX gets progressively disassembled in time, in favor of the other two physical states, free and membrane-associated DOX. Our phasor-FLIM-based approach paves the way to time-resolved biochemical assays on the supramolecular organization of encapsulated fluorescent drugs potentially all the way from the production phase to their state within living matter.
Development of modular backpack silage equipment control system
Authors: Zhang Yongliang , Cai Sikang , Shan Shizhuang , Li Yingjun
Published: September 2023

Silage equipment can crush crops into small materials, which can be used as feed for livestock farms to achieve efficient and reasonable utilization of resources. In this paper, based on the completion of the overall scheme design of a modular backpack silage equipment, the integration of crop crushing, bundling and coating is realized. At the same time, a control system suitable for the silage equipment based on programmable logic controller (PLC) and touch screen is developed to improve the working efficiency of the equipment. In the production experiment, the technical parameters of the prototype and the indicators of the product meet the design objectives.
Image enhancement based on improved pulse coupled neural network
Authors: Ding Huan , Li Tong , Liu Zelong , Feng Ziwei
Published: September 2023

Image is the main source of information acquisition and exchange. Image processing technology can realize man-machine dialogue, but it still faces many challenges, such as the lack of image edge information. In order to better realize the neural network image processing, this paper builds two kinds of neural network models based on memristor on the MATLAB platform. Then these two neural network models are used to enhance the image. The image is illustrated by the comparison of the histogram, the enhanced image and some objective criteria through the pulse coupled neural network and the improved neural network. The improved neural network is more efficient than the pulse coupled neural network in processing the edges and internal details of the image, highlighting the outline of the key part of the image, and effectively realizing the image enhancement. The advantages of the neural network with memristor in image processing are illustrated.
Dual-mimic learning for occluded pedestrian detection
Authors: Pan Xiaofeng , Han Shoudong , Ding Huilin , Wang Yukun
Published: September 2023

It is still a great challenge to detect pedestrians in crowded scenes. Recent works mainly focus on enhancing the feature representation of the visible region. Although this strategy is effective, it fails to fully exploit the appearance information contained in the full-body region. To this end, we propose a Dual-Mimic learning model, which consists of the occluded to unoccluded (Occ-Unocc) and the full-body to visible (Full-Vis) mimic learning branches. Both branches can reduce the intra-class feature variances of pedestrians by different mimicking strategies. Besides, we define an occlusion attribute to describe the occlusion pattern of each detection. Based on the occlusion attribute, we propose the Occlusion-aware NMS (Occ-NMS), which can effectively remain the occluded instance with low confidence. We conduct extensive experiments on standard benchmarks of CityPersons and Caltech, and our method achieves a new state-of-the-art performance at 36.34% MR−2 and 25.07% MR−2 on heavy occlusion sets.
Study of the Effect of Drainage and the Distance Between Drippers on Soil Construction
Authors: Al-Asadi Read A. A. , Nayyef Hussein Razzaq , Hameed Hasanen Saeed
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted in Al-Rifai District - Dhi Qar Governorate during the spring season 2022 on soil with a clay texture, for the purpose of studying three water discharges, which included (4, 12 and 20) liters per hour -1. Overlapping with the distance factor between drippers, represented by (20 and 40) cm. The yellow corn crop (Zea mays L.) (Buhuth 106) was used as a growth indicator. The dripper drainage of 12 liters per hour-1 showed an improvement in the physical properties of the soil at the end of the experiment compared to the values of these characteristics before planting, as it led to a decrease in the bulk density values and an increase in both the values of the weighted diameter average and the total porosity compared with other drainages (4, 20) liters Hour-1, as the results showed that the use of the distance between the drippers of 20 cm preserved the soil structure as a result of the increase in the average weighted diameter and the total porosity as well as the reduction of the bulk density values compared to the distance between the drippers (40) cm.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Inoculum Prepared from the Two Local Isolates enterobacter colacae and enterobacter ludwigii on Soybean (glycine max l.) Growth and Yield in Gypsiferous Soil under Different Molybdenum Levels
Authors: Alkurtany A. E. , Hamada Ayad A. , Bahjat Mahdi F.
Published: September 2023

With the aim of reducing chemical fertilizers and relying on environmentally friendly natural biofertilizers that promote plant growth and increase yield, especially in gypsiferous soils spread in arid and semi-arid regions, which suffer from physical, chemical, fertility, and biological problems, which in turn affect the density of microorganisms, This experiment was conducted to study the efficiency of the inoculum prepared from the bacteria E. cloacae and E. ludwigii isolated from gypsiferous soils and molecularly characterized in improving the growth and yield of soybeans under different levels of molybdenum in gypsiferous soil, possibly due to its absence, particularly the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. The results showed that the two treatments inoculated with E. cloacae and E. ludiwgii were significantly superior to the uninoculated treatment in all studied growth and yield traits and the percentage of nitrogen and protein in the seeds, and that the treatment inoculated with E. cloacae bacteria was superior to the treatment inoculated with E. ludiwgii bacteria in all traits, as well as the treatment fertilized at the level of 2 kg Mo ha-1 was significantly superior to the non-fertilized in all traits and showed The results of the interaction between inoculation and fertilization with molybdenum showed that the E. cloacae + 2 kg Mo ha-1 treatment was superior to the comparison treatment in all traits and gave values of 278 pod plant-1, 127.66 g plant-1, 6.23 tons ha-1, 6.27%, and 39.13%. 0.36%, 0.071% for the number of pods, weight of pods, grain yield, concentrations of nitrogen, protein, and molybdenum in the seeds, and the concentration of molybdenum remaining in the soil after harvest, respectively, compared to the comparison treatment that gave the values 150.67 pod plant-1, 68.33 g plant-1, 3.43 tons ha-1, 5.42%, 33.83%, 0.33%, and 0.068 for the aforementioned characteristics, respectively.
Mineral Analysis and Percentages of Oxides (Hematite and Magnetite) in Two Cultivated and Uncultivated Soils in the Governorates of Al-Qadisiyah, Babylon and Najaf / Iraq
Authors: Al-Ramly Noor M. , Jarallah Raid SH.
Published: September 2023

The aim of the research is to study the mineral analysis and oxides ratios in two cultivated and uncultivated soils in the governorates of Qadisiyah, Babylon and Najaf. And the determination of the proportions of hematite and magnetite oxide minerals, the following results showed that there is a great predominance of minerals (quartz and calcite) in all the soils of the middle Euphrates, and the proportions of the following minerals were diagnosed in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, calcite 32.8%, which came in the first place for the uncultivated soils, while the cultivated soils prevailed Quartz mineral by 47.1%, while the province of Babylon showed the predominance of the mineral calcite at a greater rate than the rest of the minerals, by 33.6%, 30.8% for cultivated and uncultivated soils, respectively, while Najaf governorate recorded the highest prevalence of quartz mineral, which amounted to 38.1%, 34.8% for cultivated soils The oxide minerals (hematite and magnetite) recorded ratios of (2.0, 1.4, 1.0, 1.7, 0.9, 1. 1) The magnetite mineral reached (2.1, 2.5, 0.9, 2.7, 2.0, 1.0) for the governorates of (Al-Qadisiyah, Babylon, Najaf) for the cultivated and uncultivated soils, respectively.
Impact of Sedimentary Conditions and Relative Distribution of Sand Sedimentary Minerals in Iraqi Soils
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Ghada Kamal Hamza , Alabadi Luma Abdalalah Sagban
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the relative distribution of sand-separating minerals and the effect of sedimentary and climatic conditions on their distribution in some soils from northern and southern Iraq. The samples were collected from four Iraqi governorates: Erbil (included the soils from areas of Shaqlawa, Soran, and Juman), Sulaymaniyah (included the soils from Dokan, Sayed Sadeq, and Halabja), Maysan (included the soils of Al-Kahla, Ali Al-Sharqi, Awasha, Kumit, Ali Al-Gharbi, and Al-Tayyib), and Wasit Governorate (included the soils of Zurbatiya, Badra, Jassan, Al-Muwafiqiyah, Al-Numaniyah, and Zubaidiyah). The results indicated that the percentages of light sand minerals were higher than the percentages of heavy sand minerals in all the soils of the study sites. It is attributed to the nature of the mineral composition and the intensity of the weathering factor’s influence on the sedimentation sites or during transportation. The results also indicated the dominance of the quartz group, followed by the group of carbonate rock pieces and the group of feldspar minerals in terms of dominance within the light part of sand minerals in all soil samples in southern Iraq (Wasit and Maysan). The rock-cut minerals group was dominant, followed by the quartz and feldspar minerals group in all soil samples in northern Iraq (Erbil and Sulaymaniyah). The other light minerals of the group were found in varying proportions and distribution in all soil samples, which included (mudstone, lime, evaporites, igneous and metamorphic rocks, clay-coated grains, and other minerals). The results showed that the percentages of the opaque minerals were higher in all soil samples than the group of non-opaque minerals, which included minerals (zircon, tourmaline, rutile, strolite, epidote, and kyanite) with irregularity and a significant difference in the proportions as the large percentages indicate that they bear transportation over long distances and their resistance to weathering processes. These ratios were more evident in the northern regions of Erbil and Sulaymaniyah, which indicate the intensity of weathering processes (wet climate) compared to the soils of Wasit and Maysan in southern Iraq. The low percentages appeared in the soil samples due to the short transportation distance and the diversity of the source rocks.
Assessment of the Organic Pollution in Sawa Lake
Authors: Al-Fanharawi Ali Abdulhamza , Al-Khafaji Ansam Saad
Published: September 2023

One of the primary issues that harms both man and his environment is water pollution. This study was carried out to assess the level of organic pollutants in Sawa lake water. Water Sampling collected from October 2021 to February 2022, monthly, samples taken from three different sites. Biological oxygen demand (BOD5) measured by the BOD Sensor after calibration and processing, and some related environmental parameters were also measured. The results showed that BOD5 values ranged between (5.9-7.6) mg/l, higher value was 12.5 mg/l recorded in S1 and S2 during February, and lower concentration (3 mg/l) recorded in S2 during November. The value of BOD5 in all periods of study was 6.67 mg/l. The findings of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the sites and months (p≤ 0.05). Monthly changes in the physicochemical properties of lake water and the autochthonous organic matter may be a reason for increasing the concentration of organic content, in addition to the wastes that arrives from near area. According to the Hynes classification, the river water in all sites classified as doubtful to bad. Negative significant correlations were founds between BOD5 and DO (r= -0.75) and positive significant correlations between BOD5, EC and nitrate (r= 0.54, r=0.42), respectively.
Prediction of Biodegradability Possibility for Sewage of the Dairy Industry
Authors: Flayyih Ahmed Imad , Ali Sura Kareem
Published: September 2023

The dairy industry is one of the industrial activities classified within the food industries in all phases of the dairy industry, which leads to an increase in the amount of wastewater discharged from this industry. The study was conducted in the Abu Ghraib dairy factory, classified as one of the central factories in Iraq, located in the west of Baghdad governorate, with a design capacity of 22,815 tons of dairy products. The characteristics of the liquid waste generated from the factory were determined for the following parameters biological oxygen demand (BOD5), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, and sulfate with an average value of (1079, 1945, 323, 9.2, 24, 23, 429, 235 mg/litre), respectively, and the biodegradation rate of wastewater (BOD5/COD) was determined, which amounted to 0.58. A model was created to predict the rate of biodegradation, which was 0.58. The results indicate that the generated wastewater is highly polluted with high concentrations of pollutants and causes considerable environmental damages that lead to the deterioration of aquatic life in the receiving water bodies and that the sewage generated by dairy factories is biodegradable and can be effectively treated through biological treatments.
Effect of Foliar Spray of Zinc and Irrigating with Smoking-Water on Growth of Citrus Rootstock C35
Authors: Salih Ausama Y. , Al-Jeboory Mayada Tariq
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted in fruit production lathe house of the Department Of Horticulture And Landscape Gardening, in the station (B), College Of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University Of Baghdad, Al-Jaadria for 8 months, began from 1/3/2019 to 1/9/2019 to investigate the responses of C35 Citrus rootstock to influence of foliar spraying of zinc and irrigation with smoking-water at 2 years old saplings. the study included two factors, first factor was three concentrations of Zinc Element Z0(0 mg.l-1), Z1(50 mg.l-1) and Z2(75 mg.l-1) that sprays at leave. The second factor was watering saplings with smoke-water in three concentrations S0(0 vol.vol-1), S1(0.1 vol.vol-1) and (0.2vol.vol-1), and their interaction. The experiment was factorial in RCBD design, Treatments were replicated 3 times, number of saplings were 54. Results showed that zinc at 75 mg.l-1 and smoke-water at 0.2vol.vol-1 Significantly gave the highest vegetative, root and chemical content in the leaves respectively. the lowest value of these parameters was found in control treatment.
Improving the Chemical Content and Mineral Elements of Drought Stressed (Moringa Oleifera L.) by Application of Glutathione and Bio-Fertilizer
Authors: Khalaf Raad Abbas , Abdullah Kadum Mohammed , Khalaf Asaad Abbas , Al-Fatlawi Murtadha Matai
Published: September 2023

The experiment was carried out in pots with a capacity of 28 kg in the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering - College of Agriculture - the University of Karbala in order to know the extent of the effect of glutathione and biofertilizer and to determine the best concentration of these treatments in reducing the harmful effect of water stress in terms of the content of enzyme antioxidants and active substances and determine The best irrigation level for this plant without harming the plant and determining the best concentration of glutathione and biofertilizer in reducing the harmful effects of water stress on the Moringa plant, as the study included three factors: glutathione with three concentrations (0, 100, 200) mg. L-1 and biofertilizer (Algacell) at two levels (0 and 10) mg. L-1 and water stress have three field capacity levels (60%, 50%, and 40%). The experiment was carried out using Dunkin’s multinomial test at a probability level of 0.05. The data were analyzed according to the statistical program (SAS 2003), where the results showed that there is a significant effect of glutathione on Most botanical characteristics and mineral element content. Glutathione is an antioxidant that plays a role in plant growth, cell division, and elongation, which protects cells. Water stress affects the dissolution of nutrients and their transfer from soil to plants. The more a plant is exposed to water stress, the more leaves will drop due to the increased ABA concentration. Moreover, the root was longer. Where water stress leads to an increase in the levels of ROS within the plant cells, which stimulates the plant to resist and remove the effect of these free radicals. Moringa is a plant gaining much attention due to its many benefits is a drought-tolerant crop, great for areas lacking water, that can grow in drought-prone regions. It is also a plant that can be used in many different ways, including food, medicine, environmental restoration, and textile products.
Effect of Foliar Application of Nano-Fertilizer NPK and Yeast Suspension on some Chemical Properties of Leaves and Fruits of Eggplant Solanum melongena L.
Authors: Al-Kaby Aman Hameed , Al-Jarah Talib M. M. , Alzubaydi Hayder Mohsin Jebur
Published: September 2023

The experiment was conducted in the season (2020-2021) in one of the greenhouses in the second research station of the College of Agriculture at the University of Al-Muthanna, this study was carried out to find out the effect of adding yeast fodder at three concentrations (0, 5.0, 10.0 gL−1) as well as nano fertilizer at three concentrations as well (0, 0.5, 1.0 ml L−1). Where this experiment was conducted on eggplant planted in greenhouses, the irrigation system in these houses was drip irrigation technology, the experiment was carried out with three random replications (complete plots). The results had a significant positive effect for both yeast and nano fertilizer, as well as a positive effect at the interaction between them and in all chemical properties and for each of the leaves and fruits of the eggplant plant (content of nitrogen, phosphorous and chlorophyll in leaves, proteins and carbohydrates in eggplant, fruits and dry weight of the plant). The leaves content of nitrogen, phosphorous, protein and carbohydrates (5.678%, 0.454%, 35.48%, & 61.00 gm 100 gm−1) dry weight, respectively.
The Effect of Soil Mulching and Fluoroton Spraying on the Productivity of Two Zucchini Squash hybrids (Cucurbita pepo L.) under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Alkwaz Amar Basim Hadi , Al-Hassani Muhammad Hadi Obaid
Published: September 2023

The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses affiliated to the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering - College of Agriculture - University of Karbala for the spring season 2022. The study included the effect of three factors, the first factor at four levels, which are mulching soil As follows (without mulching M0, transparent plastic cover M1, black plastic cover M2 and black geotextile cover M3) and the second factor spraying with a fluorotone compound in two concentrations (0 gm L-1 S0 and 0.5 gm L-1 S1), Spraying was done during the true leaf stage and flowering stage and the third factor is two hybrids of zucchini squash hybrids, namely (variety CHAMSA F1 V1 and cultivar YOULAND F1 V2), thus the total number of treatments became sixteen with a factorial experiment, with 3 replications for each treatment, thus the number of experimental units is forty-eight experimental units, Each experimental unit contains eight plants, The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used and the results were analyzed using the statistical program Gens Stat and the averages were compared according to the least significant difference (LSD) test at the level of probability 0.05. The results showed that the V1 variety was superior to the V2 variety in most of the studied productive traits, which were represented in the number of fruits, the yield of one plant, and the total yield, except for the early plant yield, as the V2 variety was superior compared to the V1 variety. As for the fluoroton treatment, the spray treatment S1 excelled in all the studied productive characteristics compared to the control treatment S0. As for the soil covers, the black plastic cover M2 recorded the highest production in all the studied characteristics, followed by the transparent plastic cover M1, which was significantly superior to the comparison treatment (without covering) and the black geotextile cover M3.
Effect of Biofertilizers and Spraying with Magnesium and Calcium on Vegetative Growth Indicators of Sweet Corn
Authors: Wasan S. M. K. , Al-Juboori Ayad W. A.
Published: September 2023

This study was aimed to investigate response of two sweet corn hybrids to bacterial biofertilizers and spraying with Mg+2 and Ca+2 and their impact on the yield during fall season 2021, CASH seeds (H1) and ROI SOLEIL seeds (H2) were planted in pots, when they reached 2-3 leaves treated with four treatments which included without biofertilizer (B0), with Azospirillum brasilense (B1) with Pseudomonas fluorescens (B2) and the interaction with Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens (B3) then transferd to the field, and sprayed the seedling which included without spraying (N0), spraying with Mg++ and Ca++ with concentration of 25 mg L-1 (N1) and 50 mg L-1 each elements (N2), The experiment was carried out according to RCBD with in split plot arrangement. The results showed that hybrid H2, the treatment of bacterial biofertilizers B3 and the foliar spraying of magnesium and calcium N2 had significant effect in all studied traits. H2B3N2 had significant effect in plant height, leaf area, leaf area index and plant dry weight, H2B2N2 had significant effect in the number of leaves. Plant-1 and H2B1N2 had significant effect in total chlorophyll concentration in leaves.
Histological Study of the Effect of Adding Probiotic Bacteria Loaded on Crushed Date Seeds in the Diets of Awassi Lambs
Authors: Al-Yasery Ahmed J. , Al-Saeedi Muthanna Bashar Abdulaali , Ajeel H. M. , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted in the fields of breeding and improving sheep and goats at the Al-Dabouni research station in Al-Dabouni district, Wasit Governorate affiliated to the General Authority for Agricultural Research / Ministry of Agriculture, from 8/2/2022 to 7/6/2022. A total of 24 male Awassi lambs, aged between 4-5 months, were used (4 from Al-Mahatta lambs and 20 purchased from a breeder in Jassan district), average starting weight (24,583 ± 0.25) kg, they were randomly distributed into six equal groups (4 lambs per group) and fed on daily diets for a period of 18 weeks, as follows: T1: negative control; T2: positive control; T3: the lambs were fed a diet containing 10% crushed date seeds, loaded with Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic; T4: the lambs were fed a diet containing 10% crushed date seeds, loaded with Lactobacillus acidophilus as a probiotic; T5: the lambs were fed a diet containing 10% crushed date seeds, loaded with Bifidobacterium bifidum as a probiotic; T6: the lambs were fed a diet containing 10% crushed date seeds, loaded with Streptococcus thermophiles as a probiotic. The results of the current study indicated T4 revealed enlarged muscle fibers with copious cytoplasm and few fibers in the field due to the large size of the fibers. T5 showed epithelial hyperplasia of the rumen mucosal epithelium, T6 hyperplasia of the mucous epithelium of the rumen in this group with marked thickening of the epithelium and an increase in epithelial cells
Effect of Spraying Water on the Body of Holstein Cows under Heat Stress Conditions in Milk Production and Components
Authors: Al-Khafaji Manar Abdul Qader , Shwayel Mohammed Ahmed , Al-Azzawi Ali Muhammad
Published: September 2023

The aim of the current experiment is to reduce heat stress on imported Holstein cows in central Iraq during the months of August and September. Using 12 Holstein cows multiparous from milk-producing cows raised in the station, divided into three treatments each treatment containing 4 cows. C = cows without spraying (control treatment), T1 = cows sprayed once a day at 1 pm and T2 = cows sprayed twice a day at 11 am and 1 pm. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences between the treatments in the daily milk production during the second, fourth and eighth weeks of the experiment in the twice-daily spraying treatment, which recorded 13.25, 14.50 and 13.00 kg/cow/day, respectively, compared with the control treatment in the second and fourth weeks, where It recorded 9.50 and 11.00 kg/cow/day, respectively, and compared with the T1 treatment in the eighth week, which was 8.50 kg/cow/day, and it was noted that there were no significant differences between the treatments in the total milk production during the trial period. However, there was an arithmetical increase in the spraying treatment, which amounted to 796 kg/cow compared with control treatment which recorded 694 kg/cow, and in the treatment of spraying once a day it amounted to 722.75 kg/cow, and for the milk components that include fat, protein, lactose sugar, ash and density There were no significant differences between the treatments during the experiment period. We conclude from the current experiment that spraying Holstein cows with water twice a day during the period of heat stress had a positive effect in increasing milk production in some weeks of the experiment during the months of August and September.
Effect of Adding Milk Thistle Silybium Marianum Cereal to Ration on Performance of Productive and Physiological of Laying Hens
Authors: Jasim Mahdi Salih , Al-Jurany Taghreed Hadi
Published: September 2023

The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of milk thistle Silybum marianum cereal powder to the ration on productive and physiological performance of laying hens. The experiment was performed from the age of 49 weeks to 64 weeks of hens age. A total of 81 laying hens were randomly distributed to three treatments each treatment with three replicates and nine birds in each replicate. The experimental treatments were as the following : Treatment 1 (control) fed standard ration (free milk thistle cereal powder), treatment 2 fed standard ration + Milk thistle 7.5 gm/kg feed and treatment 3 fed standard ration + Milk thistle 15 gm/kg feed. The results obtained showed that the adding milk thistle cereal powder on diet of layer had a positive effect on egg production(HD%), egg weight, egg mass and feed convertion ratio, as well on blood biochemical (Immunity, T. Protein, ALT, AST) and histological indices of intestinal (Villi high, Crypts depth), while the experimental treatments had no significant effect on the concentration of uric acid and cholesterol. It can be concluded from the results of this study, that the adding milk thistle to diet have important role in improvement of productive performance and health statues of laying hen,.
Effect of Water Extract of Maringa Olivera Leaves on some Characteristics of Goats Epididymal Sperms Under Cooling Conditions
Authors: Jieish Shifaa Kadhum , Al-Sadoon Ali Abdullah Zuairi
Published: September 2023

The current study was conducted at the postgraduate laboratories, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, during the period between January 5, 2021 to May 29, 2022, to determine the effect of the water extract of Moringa olivera leaves on some characteristics of goats epididymal sperms under cooling conditions for different periods. The water extract of Moringa, Olivera leaves was prepared and stored in the refrigerator until the time of uses, the epididymal sperms were obtained from the slaughtered goats testes in the local abattoir of Al-Muthanna Governorate, and transferred immediately to the laboratory to collect the epididymal sperms from the tail of epididymis and extended by Tris extender contains different concentrations of water extract of Maringa Olivera (0.02 and 0.03)%. The results showed that the water extract of Moringa led to a significant increase (P≤0.05) on the individual motility of sperms and the hyper osmosis swelling test (HOST), with significantly decreased on percentage of abnormal and dead sperms. The increase of the time of cooling leads to a significant decrease on the individual motility of sperms and the HOST, with a significant increase on the abnormal and dead sperm. The interaction between the level of water extract of Moringa olivera and the cooling periods, there was a significant effect on the individual motility of sperms, while the interaction did not significantly affect to the abnormal and dead sperm as well as the HOST. It was concluded that the water extract of Moringa Olivera leaves improved the characteristics of goats epididymal sperms under cooling conditions.
Applying of Microcapsulated Probiotics via Calcium and Zinc Salts into Yoghurt and Study its Chemical, Microbiological and Sensory Properties
Authors: Rasham Hanan Daghim , Mulakhudair Ali R. , Al-Saadi Jasim M.S.
Published: September 2023

In this study, lactobacillus acidophilus were encapsulated using whey protein concentrate precipitated utilizing salts (Cacl2, Zncl2). The highest efficiency of the encapsulation process by extrusion by calcium chloride was 66%, followed by zinc by 24%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination was used to study the shape of the encapsulation process for the probiotic. In condition similar to the human stomach conditions, the viable numbers of lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic coated with whey protein concentrate were much higher than those without encapsulation where the survivability after 90 min. for calcium chloride was 45.5 % compared with the un-encapsulated probiotic where the survivability was 8.75%, while the survivability for probiotic encapsulated in whey protein extruded with zinc chloride was 22.5% compared to the control treatment. Yoghurt was manufactured from whole milk, the probiotic was added and its chemical, physical and microbiological properties were studied.
Effect of Adding Isolates of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 and Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144 on Performance of Common Carp Fingerlings Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus (1758)
Authors: Jabbar Ahmed Radhi , Salman Ali Hussein
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of isolates of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 and Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144 on the performance of common carp fingerlings which had initial body weight attained (44±0.69) g. A total of 72 fish were used and randomly divided into 4 treatments with 3 replicates (6 fish per replicate). An experimental diet was prepared with a crude protein attained (29.14%) and gross energy of 396.726 kcal / g. The probiotics were prepared in the form of bacterial suspensions at a dilution of 1*10-6 cfu/ml) and were added to the suspension of 20% Arabic gum and phosphate buffer salt as an enveloping and adhesive material for bacterial cells to increase their stability and survival on feed pellets. The liquid probiotics were added to specified amounts of the experimental diets according to the following treatments (T0 control treatment, T1 Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453, T2 Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144 and T3 Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 + Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144. Fish performance was assessed after 83 days of the experiment according to weight gain, daily growth rate, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, metabolic growth rate, feed conversion rate, feed conversion efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio. The results of the statistical analysis showed that all the probiotic treatments were significantly exceeding as compared with T0 in the following order T1, T3, T2 of the weight gain, daily growth rate, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, and metabolic growth rate, also its gave the best feed conversion rate and protein efficiency ratio. Therefore, we conclude that the isolates of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 and Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144 and their dual combination, within the conditions of this study, were highly influential in achieving the best utilization of the food intake and the best performance of common carp fingerlings.
Evaluation of some Blood Parameters, Innate Immunity, and Blood Performance of Common Carp Fingerlings Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus (1758) by using Single and Dual Bacterial Isolates Probiotics
Authors: Jabbar Ahmed Radhi , Salman Ali Hussein
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of isolates of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 and Streptococcus thermophilus 5935 on the blood parameters and innate immunity of common carp fingerlings which had initial body weight attained (44±0.69) g. A total of 72 fish were used and randomly divided into 4 treatments with 3 replicates (6 fish per replicate). An experimental diet was prepared with a crude protein attained (29.14%) and gross energy of 396.726 kcal / g. The probiotics were prepared in the form of bacterial suspensions at a dilution of 1*10-6 cfu/ml and were added to the suspension of 20% Arabic gum and phosphate buffer salt as an enveloping and adhesive material of bacterial cells to increase their stability and survival on feed pellets. The liquid probiotics were added to specified amounts of the experimental diets according to the following treatments (T0 control treatment, T1 Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453, T2 Streptococcus thermophilus 5935, and T3 Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 + Streptococcus thermophilus 5935). Fish blood parameters was assessed after 83 days of the experiment by using an equation of blood performance of the parameters ( RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, Immunoglobulin IGM, Serum total proteins ). The results of the statistical analysis showed that all the probiotic treatments were significantly exceeding compared with T0 to the RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, Immunoglobulin, and blood performance. As for serum total proteins, T3 was significantly exceeded in all experimental treatments. Therefore, we conclude that the isolates of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453 and Streptococcus thermophilus 5935 and the dual combination of them within the conditions of this study and according to the blood performance equation were highly effective in achieving the best values of blood performance of common carp fingerlings.
Natural Radioactivity for some Types of Date in Al-Qasim Subdistrict, Babylon Governorate
Authors: Jafer Noor Ali , Azeez Ali Jaafar , Abojassim Ali Abid , Jassim Ali Saeed
Published: September 2023

The aim of the present study is to assess some radiological hazard risk parameters such as the annual effective dose (AED), Fatal Cancer Risk (FCR), Hereditary Cancer Risk (HCR), radium equivalent (Raeq), and Internal hazard index (Hin) due to specific activity of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in some samples of date in Al-Qasim subdistrict, Babylon governorate. The specific activity was measured using gamma-ray spectroscopy with NaI(Tl) doctor. The average values of the specific activity in unit Bq/kg for 238U, 232Th, and 40K were 10.83 ±1.22, 4.94 ±0.80, and 341.36 ±15.25, respectively. While, the average values of total AED, FCR×10-3, HCR×10-3, Raeq, and Hin were 0.210±0.018 mSv/y, 0.737±0.064, 0.198±0.008, 44.18±3.10 Bq/kg, and 0.148±0.011, respectively. The results show that, all values of 238U, 232Th, and 40K were lower than the global limit according to UNSCEAR 2008 (33 Bq/kg, 45 Bq/kg, and 420 Bq/kg), except two samples have 40K higher than global limit. these because increasing used chemical fertilizers by peasants. Also, it is found that all values of the radiological hazard risk parameters in the present study were lower than global limit according to UNSCEAR, ICRP, OECD, etc. So, it was concluded that the date samples in the present study does not cause any danger to the human health when its consumption.
Effect of Temperature and pH on the Antioxidant Activity of Tricin Flavonoid Extracted from Rice Bran
Authors: Al-Badri Samah R. H. , Al-Janabi N. M. S.
Published: September 2023

The study aimed to estimate the antioxidant activity in three ways the ferrous ion binding capacity, the reducing power and the hydrogen peroxide inhibiting activity of rice brane commercial jasmine variety and comparing it with the tricin compound extraxted from it and the effect of different temperatures including (63,72,72,85,100,121,121,138) C° and pH(4,5,6,7,8) on their effectiveness distinguishing purified tricin by a higher ferrous ion binding capacity than the aqueous extract of the tested rice bran synthetic antioxidant and vitamin C with proportions reached 96.21%,94.40%,93.34%and94.40 % respectively at 10 mg/ml and superiority of tricin with a reducing power of 93.94% than the aqueous extract of rice bran commercial jasmine variety and industrial antioxidants BHT and PG at concentration 50 mg/ml the purified tricin had a hydrogen peroxide inhibition activity 9.5% higher than the aqueous extract of rice bran commercial jasmine variety, PG and BHT which reached 7.9%, 7.7% and 8.7% respectively at 400 μ/ml concentration the purified tricin also showed stability towards temperatures at times (30 min, 15second, 30 min, 1 min, 30 min, 5 min, 15min and 2 seconds) tested higher than the aqueous extract with the three tested antioxidant activity reaching respectively with the ability to bind ferrous ion and it was (78.29, 61.43, 69.28, 67.92, 53.31, 58.89, 64.29 and 44.34) % respectively with reducing power and (68.91, 59.28, 68.22, 66.43, 42.40, 42.70, 61.27 and 38.92)% respectively, (1.7, 0.8, 1.4, 1.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0 and 0.2)% respectively with hydrogen peroxide scavenging the purified tricin showed higher stability towards the tested PH than the aqueous extract with the three antioxidant activity methods a slight decrease was observed in the antioxidant activity was observed at PH 7 compared to the other PH which reached (82.50, 89.19 and 7.2)% respectively for the three tested antioxidant activity methods.
Diagnosis the Pseudoperonospora cubensis Causes Downy Mildew in Cucumbers and its Resistance to Potassium Silicate and Extract Eggplant Wild
Authors: Farhan Omar Khalaf , Ibade Khalid W. , Kareem Tariq A.
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was carried out to test the efficiency of potassium silicate and wild eggplant Solanum eleaegnifolium normal and nano for the management of downy mildew disease on cucumber caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis under greenhouse conditions by reducing the incidence and severity of the disease and its reflection on the efficiency of the control and the area under the disease progress curve AUDPC compared to the fungicide Energy Previcur (Hcl - Propamocarb and Fosetyl-aluminum). The results of phenotypic and molecular diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology for the two tested isolates showed that they are Pseudoperonospora cubensis. The nucleotide sequences were deposited in the gene bank under accession numbers ON509850 and ON509851. The results of the field trial indicated that the normal potassium silica at a concentration of 2.5 ml L-1 prevented the disease completely, with a severity rate and infection rate of 0.00%, it gave the highest reduction recorded with significant differences from the control treatment infected with artificial infestation 45.90% and 24.27%, respectively. They are followed by the normal and nano fungicide treatments. With regard to the effect of different treatments on the percentage of control, the results showed that the highest control percentage was recorded in the treatment of normal potassium silicates (100%), followed by the treatment of nano silicates (65.88%). Whereas, treatments of alcoholic and nano eggplant wild extract gave 51.64% and 50.50%, respectively, and 63.04 % and 63.09 % for the normal and nano fungicides, respectively.
Biosynthesises of Silver Nanoparticles of Beauveria bassiana and its Effect on Potato Tuber Moth (Zeller) Phthorimaea opercullella Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae
Authors: Al-Mammori Huda Zuhair , Ali Sadiq Mohammed , Khudair Hadi Mezal
Published: September 2023

The study was conducted at the Atomic Energy Laboratory, plant Control Department / Baghdad for the year 2020-2021. The study aimed to synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Beauveria bassiana to control potato tuber moth Phthorimaea opercullella. The results showed the formation of silver nanoparticles of the supernatant B.b-SNPS of the fungal extract and biomass B.b-SNPS had the highest absorption at the longest wavelengths (380 and 435 nm) respectively. The scanning electron microscope images also showed that the silver nanoparticles were of irregular spherical shapes with average diameters of Bb-AgNPs for biomass and Bb-AgNPs for the supernatant (43.75 and 79.65) nanometers, respectively. The results showed that the silver nanoparticles prepared by the supernatant and the biomass of the fungus induced the highest egg mortality of 34.6% and 44.3%, while the egg mortality were 80.9 and 67.5%, respectively, when the fourth larval stage of the insect was treated. The overall results indicated that the prepared silver nanoparticles are highly efficient in affecting the eggs and larvae of the fourth instar, which can be used efficiently to reduce the rate of infection in the insect and can be a promising method for the insect control.
Biological Activity of some Control Agents and Trichogramma evanescence on the Bioactive of Batrachedra amydraula M. (Batrachedridae:Lepidoptera) on Date Palms in Iraq
Authors: Al-Musafir Mohsen A. Karim , Abdelkader Ayad A. , Al-Waeli Dhia S. Ali
Published: September 2023

Field studies were conducted in each of the governorates of Basra, Maysan and Dhi Qar and Babylon and included a field survey for the presence of the bug Batrachedra amydraula and the sensitivity of some date palm cultivars to the infection of the mentioned insect and evaluating the efficiency of direct spraying of different concentrations of some control agents in reducing the rates of infection with the bug on immature fruits in date palm, Where nano silver (AgNPs), Alsystin, Trichoderma viride, and Trichogramma evanescence were used. Whereas, the treatment of the field survey in the province of Basra recorded the highest percentage of the B. amydraula on the date palm amounted to 53.79%. While the lowest percentage was recorded in the Dhi Qar, it amounted to 43.66%. The cultivar Al-Zuhdi also recorded the highest sensitivity to the infection of the mentioned insect by 51.29%, and the lowest sensitivity was recorded for Al-Halawi cultivar with a rate of 44.66%. Whereas nano silver were the most effective among all other factors. Where the infection of the bitch was reduced by 6.00% compared with the control treatment, which amounted to 55.03%, while the biological fungus T. viride had the least effect with a total infection rate of 18.40% compared with the control treatment, which gave a total infection rate of 55.03%. The interaction treatment between nano silver and the insect growth regulator cysteine also contributed to a higher reduction in the rates of total infection by an average of 5.60%, while the combination of interaction between the bio control fungus T. viride and the biological growth regulator Alsystin gave the least reduction in the total infection rates by an average of 29.70%. The egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescence effectively contributed to reducing the infestation of the B. amydraula by influencing the percentage of eggs presence, where the treatment (3 capsules/palm) gave the highest reduction in the total infection rates at an average of 6.54% compared to the control treatment, which gave a total infection rate of 55.03%, While the treatment (1capsule/palm) gave the least reduction in the total infection rates, with an average of 11.87%, compared with the control treatment, which gave 55.03% of the total infection rates.
Effect of Spraying with Zinc and Ascorbic Acid on some Antioxidants of Maize (Zea mays L.) Affected by Heat Shock
Authors: Al-Abassi Aiymen A. A. , Abrahium Nagham S. , Mohammed Hussein A.
Published: September 2023

Two experiments were carried out during the spring season 2022 in Diyala Governorate to investigate the effect of foliar spraying with zinc and ascorbic acid on some antioxidants of maize. The experiment was carried out in split-split plot system within RBCD design with three levels of temperature (0, 35, 40) °C, three concentrations of zinc (0,100, 200) mg Zn. L−1, and three concentrations of ascorbic acid (0, 100, 200) mg C.L−1. The results showed a superiority concentration of 200 mg.L−1 for each of zinc and ascorbic acid in all studied traits. Which record in proline 5.15 and 5.23 mg.g−1 dw, catalase 49.74 and 49.51 U.min.g−1 fw., and peroxidase 52.16 and 51.74 U.min.g−1 fw respectively, while the heat shock 30°C and 40°C exceeded the level of non-exposure to heat in all characteristics. The results also showed that the binary interaction between zinc and heat, ascorbic and heat had a significant effect on the studied characteristics. The interaction Zn200 XT35 and C200 X35 excelled in all of the study characteristics compared to other interaction, and the results also showed the superiority of the triple interaction treatments Zn200* C200 * T35 in all studied traits.
The Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Induction in Mature Rice Embryos (Oryza Sativa L) Amber Variety
Authors: Kadhimi Ahsan A. , Alswedi Fadil
Published: September 2023

Several nations across the globe depend profoundly on rice as the main food source. Several research works have been undertaken to improve rice yield and breeding, specifically concerning plant tissue culture. This paper aims to contrast the impact of several growth regulator levels on rice callus induction based on mature embryo explants. Over a four-week duration, mature rice plant embryos (Amber variant) were planted to produce calluses using the Skoog (MS) and Murashige supplements at different concentration levels, i.e., 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mg/L of 2,4-D and 0.2 and 0.3 mg/L of BA. The outcomes indicated that 3 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/L BA levels led to optimal induction and fresh weight concerning callus. Further studies are required to enhance the media environment for potent in vitro callus induction to augment biotechnology endeavours.