bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Validation Process of the Method of Balancing Gas Contained in the Pore Space of Rocks via Rock Comminution
Authors: Kudasik Mateusz , Pajdak Anna , Skoczylas Norbert
Published: March 2018

The article discusses the validation process of a certain method of balancing gas contained in the pore space of rocks. The validation was based upon juxtaposition of the examination of rocks' porosity and the effects of comminution in terms of assessing the possibility of opening the pore space. The tests were carried out for six dolomite samples taken from different areas of the 'Polkowice-Sieroszowice’ copper mine in Poland. Before the rock material was ground, it was examined using the porosimetric method and subsequently subjected to the SEM analysis. After grinding, the research material was subjected to the granulometric analysis. Prior to the grinding process, the rocks' porosity fell in the range of 0.3-14.8%, while the volume of the open pores was included in the 0.01-0.06 cm3/g range. The research material was also characterized by inhomogeneous distribution of the pore volume. The grinding process was performed using an original device – the GPR analyzer. The ground samples were characterized by similar particle size distribution and mean diameters D_3.2 of about 4.0-4.5 µm. The SEM analysis revealed pores of various size and shape on the surface of the rock cores, while at the same time demonstrating lack of pores following the grinding process. The grain size distribution curves were compared with the cumulative pore volume curves of the cores before grinding. The resulting intersection points of both curves were seen as testifying to the presence of openings in the rock pores and release of the accumulated gas. The opening percentage of the pore space was associated with the coordinates of the curves' intersections. In order to confirm the argument put forward in this paper – i.e. that comminution of a rock to grains of a size comparable with the size of the rock's pores results in the release of gas contained in the pore space – the amount of gas released as a result of the comminution process was studied. The results of gas balancing demonstrated that the pore space of the investigated dolomites was filled with gas in amounts from 3.19 cm3/kg to 45.86 cm3/kg. The obtained results of the rock material comminution to grains comparable – in terms of size – to the size of the pores of investigated rocks, along with asserting the presence of gas in the pore space of the studied dolomites, were regarded as a proof that the method of balancing gas in rocks via rock comminution is correct.
FORMULASI ANTIFUNGAL KOMBINASI DARI EKSTRAK LIMBAH MANGGA DENGAN PENGAWET MAKANAN KOMERSIAL UNTUK PRESERVASI BUAH MANGGA
Authors: Sukasih, STP, MSi Ermi , Setyadjit NFN
Published: March 2018

Limbah hortikultura berpotensi untuk dijadikan bahan antifungal. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit mangga dengan pelarut etil asetat yang dievaporasi hingga menjadi ekstrak kental secara single mampu menghambat khamir Rhodotorula sp., mencapai 31 mm zona dimana nilai ini lebih besar dari benomyl 500 ppm yang hanya 10 mm. Untuk memperluas spektrum daya hambat, perlu dilakukan formulasi dengan bahan lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan formulasi ekstrak biji atau kulit mangga dengan pengawet makanan komersial (natrium metabisulfit, kalium sorbat dan natrium benzoat) untuk menghasilkan pengawet yang berspektrum tinggi untuk preservasi buah mangga. Formulasi dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan untuk menghasilkan konsentrasi dan perbandingan yang tepat. Formula antifungal terbaik berdasarkan uji plate adalah campuran dari ekstrak biji mangga : kalium sorbat 5% (75%:25%) dengan pengenceran 25%. Antifungal ini mampu menghambat kapang dan khamir perusak mangga sebagai berikut: Rhodotorulla sp. sebesar 47,2 mm, Penicillium sp. 41,3 mm, Fusarium sp. 43,6 mm dan Aspergillus niger sebesar 18,2 mm. Aplikasi pada buah mangga melalui penyemprotan menunjukkan hasil 0,2 skor kerusakan dan 2,7% susut bobot lebih baik dibanding kontrol pada penyimpanan hari ke-14 pada suhu 20oC±2oC
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA KOPI LUWAK ROBUSTA ARTIFISIAL TERFERMENTASI OLEH RAGI LUWAK DAN Α-AMILASE
Authors: Fauzi Mukhammad , Choiron Miftahul , Puji Astutik Yuli Dewi
Published: March 2018

Kopi luwak artifisial mulai dikembangkan dengan beragam metode fermentasi. Fermentasi kopi menggunakan ragi feses luwak selama 24 jam sudah dilakukan sebelumnya. Namun, karakteristik kimia yang dihasilkan belum bisa menyamai kopi luwak asli. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan kopi luwak artifisial dengan karakteristik kimia yang serupa dengan kopi luwak asli. Pembuatan kopi luwak robusta artifisial melalui tahapan pembuatan ragi kering dan fermentasi kopi robusta. Waktu fermentasi yang digunakan yaitu 8 jam (A1), 16 jam (A2), 24 jam (A3) dan 32 jam (A4) yang dikombinasikan dengan faktor penambahan α-amilase (B1) dan tanpa penambahan α-amilase (B0). Dari kedua faktor didapatkan delapan kombinasi perlakuan. Kadar kafein kopi tanpa α-amilase 0,54-0,80%, sedangkan dengan α-amilase 0,45-0,65%. Kadar glukosa tanpa α-amilase 8,92-9,26%, sedangkan dengan α-amilase 9,03-9,31%. pH dengan α-amilase 5,90-6,20, sedangkan tanpa α-amilase 5,99-6,16. Kadar air dengan α-amilase 10,25-10,82%, sedangkan tanpa α-amilase 9,55-10,29%. Total asam tertitrasi dengan α-amilase 1,59-1,83%, sedangkan tanpa α-amilase yaitu 1,41-1,51%. Persen N-amino dengan α-amilase 0,11-0,2%, sedangkan tanpa α-amilase 0,09-0,19%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, perlakuan A4B1 (fermentasi 32 jam dengan penambahan α-amilase) memiliki karakteristik kimia paling mendekati kopi luwak asli.
PENGARUH TINGKAT DEBT FINANCING DAN EQUITY FINANCING TERHADAP PROFIT EXPENSE RATIO PERBANKAN SYARIAH (MODEL SEQUENTION EXPLANATORY RESEARCH)
Authors: Susilawati Ika
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat debt financing dan equity financing  terhadap profit expense ratio bank syariah, yang nantinya akan digunakan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar komitmen bank syari’ah tersebut dalam ikut membangun perekonomian umat muslim. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan Metode Penelitian Kombinasi dengan Model Sequential Explanatory, dengan pendekatan Asosiatif. Hasil analisis adalah nilai thitung untuk debt  financing sebesar 3,490 dan untuk equity financing  sebesar 0,510. Karena 3,490 < 2,179 atau thitung < ttabel  maka H0 ada di daerah penolakan, artinya hubungan dan pengaruh yang terjadi antara variabel debt  financing dengan Profit Expense Rasio signifikan dan 0,510 > 2,179 atau thitung > ttabel maka H0 ada di daerah penerimaan, artinya hubungan dan pengaruh yang terjadi antara variabel equity financing dengan Profit Expense Rasio yang diberikan tidak signifikan. equity financing berpengaruh tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap profit expense ratio bank syariah. Hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai Fhitung sebesar 6,452 sedangkan Ftabel adalah sebesar 3,88 Jadi, H0 untuk menguji keberartian regresi linear berganda ini ada di daerah penolakan, artinya pengaruh dan hubungan antara variabel-variabel bebas; debt financing, equity financing dengan variabel tidak bebas yaitu profit expense ratio yang diberikan signifikan dan cukup berarti untuk dijadikan dasar kesimpulan dalam populasi yang diteliti. Untuk komitmen bank syari’ah terhadap perekonomian umat muslim, bias di lihat dari yeld bagi hasil nasabah per tahun. Rata-rata bagi hasil yang ditawarkan kedua bank syariah berkisar 5 sampai 8%, hal ini berarti Bank Muamalat dan BSM telah berhasil mencapai tujuan eksistensi mereka atas bagi hasil dan sebagai lembaga intermediary sudah menjalankan fungsinya dengan baik, yaitu telah berkontribusi dalam pembangunan kualitas umat muslim.
Revitalisasi Maqasid Al-Shari’ah: Pembacaan Ulang Konsep Kewarisan Beda Agama
Authors: Baihaqi Wahid Ahtar
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Embryo of maqasid shari’ah as a value has emerged since the 3rd islamic century and recently transformed into an approach in the hands of al-Shatibi. Al-Shatibi’s brilliant idea was more comprehensively developed so that becomes an approach to formulating Islamic law by contemporary Maqasidiyyun schoolars who one of them is Yusuf Qardawi. In the case of inheritance of different religions, al-Qardawi opinionated that a Moslem can inherit treasure to non-Moslems, because of there is greater benefit in that maslahah dimension. In operations, al-Qardawi do takwil the hadith used by the majority of fuqaha (Islamic jurists), as the reason for the prohibition of inherit treasure due to different religions. The efforts of al-Qaradawi are classified in tarjih bi al-maqasid al-shari’ah, which emphasizes maslahah as the last consideration in the establishment of Islamic law. It means that, if the Islamic law can not realize maslahah as the final purpose, then it should switch to the other options which can bring on maslahah. Abstrak: Embrio maqa>>s}id shari>’ah sebagai sebuah nilai telah muncul sejak abad 3 H dan baru bertransformasi menjadi sebuah pendekatan di tangan al-Sha>t}ibi>. Ide brilian al-Sha>t}ibi> itu kemudian dikembangkan lebih komprehensif sehingga menjadi sebuah pendekatan dalam merumuskan hukum Islam oleh ulama Maqa>>si}diyyu>n kontemporer, salah satunya pakar hukum Islam adalah Yu>suf al-Qarda>wi>. Dalam permasalahan kewarisan beda agama, al-Qarda>wi> berpendapat bahwa seorang muslim dapat mewarisi harta non muslim, dengan alasan dimensi kemas}lah}atan di dalamnya lebih besar. Karena mengambil harta tersebut lebih baik daripada membiarkan berada di tangan non muslim yang bisa digunakan dalam hal kemaksiatan atau membahayakan orang Islam. Dalam operasionalnya, al-Qarda>wi> melakukan takwi>l terhadap hadi>th yang digunakan oleh mayoritas fuqaha sebagai alasan larangan mewarisi disebabkan perbedaan agama. Upaya al-Qarda>wi> tersebut tergolong dalam tarji>h bi al-Maqa>>s}id al-Shari>’ah, yang menekankan kemas}lah}atan sebagai konsiderasi terakhir dalam penentuan hukum. Artinya, apabila suatu hukum tidak dapat merealisasikan kemas}lah}atan sebagai tujuan akhir, maka harus beralih pada opsi yang dapat berdampak pada kemas}lah}atan.
الطلاق في ضوء الفقه الإسلامي وقانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني
Authors: Prihantoro Hijrian Angga
Published: March 2018

الملخص:فإن الشريعة الغراء قد أولت موضوع الأسرة عناية فائقة وظهر ذلك في الأحكام المنظمة لإنشائها وتكوينها واستمراريتها، قد اعتنت جميع الدول بقانون الأحوال الشخصية المنظم لهذه العلاقة. وشرع الطلاق باعتباره أبغض الحلال إلا في حالة الضرورة وعند العجز على المصالحة بين الزوجين لتباين الأخلاق وتنافر الطباع, كما أن الطلاق أيضا يمكن أن يكون وسيلة لتأديب الزوجة وهو آخر وسيلة يلجأ إليها الزوج بعد استكمال كل الوسائل الممكنة لحل النزاع بين الزوجين. لقد تحدث الباب الرابع من قانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني عن انحلال عقد الزواج, وذكر الفصل الأول منه موضوع الطلاق. فهذا البحث يتحدث عن الطلاق من المادة (80) إلى المادة (90) في هذا القانون وهو قانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني رقم 36 لسنة 2010. فيتطرق هذا البحث على دراسة تحليلية في عملية تطبيقبة معاصرة عن الطلاق في ضوء الفقه الإسلامي وقانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني. Abstrak: Keluarga dalam syariat Islam merupakan salah satu objek kajian yang penting. Hal itu terbukti dalam berbagai macam hukum yang mengatur tentang keluarga mulai dari pembentukan, pertumbuhan hingga kelanggengannya. Semua negara pun memiliki perhatian yang sama dalam hal ini. Adapun mengenai masalah Talak, meskipun ia merupakan perkara yang sebaiknya dihindari, namun dalam keadaan tertentu ia dapat dijadikan sebagai solusi alternatif. Misalnya ketika kedua pasangan (suami-istri) tidak lagi bisa saling memberi manfaat, atau mungkin juga sebagai bentuk pelajaran kepada sang istri agar berubah menjadi lebih baik. Talak di sini merupakan solusi terakhir yang dapat dijatuhkan oleh sang suami kepada istrinya. Ini berarti bahwa Talak adalah keputusan final setelah mereka benar-benar mencoba berbagai macam cara untuk menyelesaikan konflik rumah tangga, namun masih tetap tidak berhasil juga. Talak sendiri dalam Undang-Undang Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah Yordania dibahas secara khusus dalam Bagian Pertama pada Bab Empat mengenai Putusnya Akad Perkawinan mulai dari pasal 80 hingga pasal 90. Undang-Undang yang dimaksud di sini adalah Undang-Undang Ahwal Syakhsiyyah Yordania Nomor 36 tahun 2010. Dengan demikian, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti berbagai hal mengenai Talak dalam perspektif Hukum Islam dan penerapannya dalam Undang-Undang Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah Yordania.
Urgensi Manajemen Inovasi Berbasis Kewirausahaan Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan
Authors: Haryanto Wahid
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Nowadays, education in Indonesia is still left behind from other countries. Based on several surveys conducted by PISA and the Global School by OECD, Indonesia always in the last rank. This study is intended to describe the forms of innovation, the supporting factors, and the practice of innovation management based entrepreneurship in SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo. The design of this research was qualitative. Data were collected through interview, observation and documentation. This study reveals that SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo to employed innovation management based entrepreneurship system, namely innovation based on entrepreneurial values in improving the quality of education. SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo conducted organizational innovation and product innovation, with the nature of duplication and extension innovation. The supporting factors in the construction of innovation by creating an innovator team and innovative climate system handled  by the headmaster. The innovation management based entrepreneurship in SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo has a series of activities, namely Plan: discovering information, Do: deciding innovation, Check: developing product by monitoring, Act: doing production, and entrepreneurial traits characterized by distributing product activity.Abstrak: Dari fakta yang ada pendidikan di Indonesia masih tertinggal dengan Negara-negara lain. Hal ini didasarkan dari beberapa survei yang ada baik PISA ataupun Sekolah Global oleh OECD Indonesia selalu menempati posisi terakhir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ingin melihat bentuk-bentuk inovasi yang diciptakan, faktor pendukung, serta praktik dari manajemen inovasi yang berbasis kewirausahaan yang ada di SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Dengan penentuan informan dengan metode purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikannya menggunakan sistem manajemen inovasi berbasis kewirausahaan, yakni inovasi yang didasarkan pada nilai-nilai kewirausahaan. Inovasi yang dilakukan di SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo diantaranya inovasi organisasi dan inovasi produk, dengan sifat inovasi duplikasi dan ekstensi. Faktor pendukung inovasi berupa penciptaan sistem iklim inovatif dan tim inovator oleh kepala sekolah. Manajemen inovasi berbasis kewirausahaan yang ada di SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo memiliki alur kegiatan Plan: discovering information, Do: deciding innovation, Check: developing product by monitoring, Act: doing production, serta ciri kewirausahaan ditandai dengan aktivitas distributing product.
Analyzing the risk of entrepreneurship in tourist traffic
Authors: Weiss Roland , Zuzik Jozef , Weiss Erik , Labant Slavomir , Gergeľová Marcela
Published: March 2018

The contribution is aimed at developing a model of demand in tourist traffic with due regard to economic, geographical, demographical and social factors such as the GDP, Consumer Price Index, prices of trips, revenues per capita, exchange rate, etc. Important parts of this model are made up by the unpredictable negative situations that have already happened some time ago. The aim is to identify them and perform a follow-up analysis of the potential threats to a company involved in the tourist industry. Rated among those situations are terrorism, earthquakes and aviation accidents.
Multi-Dimensional Assessment Method of Open Spaces in New Communities' Low- Middle Income Housing
Authors: Tawfik Mennatallah , Ali Sara
Published: March 2018

Rapid urbanization is considered today as complex combinations of what we have at the present and the shift that will happen in the future with many other social and economic forces. The mid-20th century and contemporary urban development create the new expanded urban areas that have the characteristics of fragmented integration cores to-wards the emergence of new centralities. The new built environment should have an intelligible special configuration to adapt with human agents, and based on this insight, it is important to explore these prop-ositions further and examine different ways to investigate the domain of urban spaces in new communities and its related social properties as urban spaces shouldn’t compiling one dimensional demand. This paper introduces some examples of open spaces in new commu-nities low -middle income housing that could be used to investigate in which manner, spatial patterns can influence the social contribution, and analyzing the social factors which have an impact on the physical properties of the open spaces in these segregated urban pattern. The aim from this paper is to reach a multi-dimensional assessment meth-od that could recover the open spaces s that suffered from the absence of policies and regulations of urban planning and development. The study is introducing a methodology for empirically exploring and clas-sifying the variables and attributes that define the physical and non-physical dimensions in open spaces by qualitative case study analysis to facilitate the social cohesion and integration in the community. By comparing the results from the spatial and physical perspective; an assessment method will be reached at the end to for-mulate the new community potentials and to overcome the problems for more social integration.
Informal Ecology: An Emergent Approach Towards Landscape Integration in Caracas, Venezuela
Authors: Quintero Natacha
Published: March 2018

Intended as a contribution to the debate on inclusive cities, this paper proposes that the re-imagination of new city landscapes lies on the integrative sum of its parts. Considering that knowledge about infor- mal systems continues to be a challenge in achieving integrated land- scapes, this study explores how the linking of the fields of urban ecol- ogy and urban informality can lead to systematic approaches towards understanding urban informal ecosystems. In that way, this think- piece theorises on alternatives to approach the socio-natural processes taking place in informal settlements to demonstrate their capacity to adapt to prescribed ecological frameworks and ease their way into ecological scrutiny. Using a mixed-method approach in which the the- oretical framework and the empirical work functioned in a cyclical manner, the city of Caracas, Venezuela, was investigated. The analy- sis led to the discovery of ties and processes that navigate in and out of the informal city, and revealed that informal areas can be scaled, inventoried, and re-imagined from a systems perspective. The paper therefore recommends a rethinking of the two intersections that play a role in most of the new scenarios of change seen in the contemporary urban hybrids of developing countries. Specifically, the intersection that concerns the formal vs informal dichotomy, exploring the spatial and virtual role of the urban informal in the city, and the one concern- ing the city vs nature dichotomy, and the assumption that as part of the city, the informal is also a constituent of a greater urban ecosystem with impacts and evolutionary capacities.
Uncertainty analysis of hydrological multi-model ensembles based on CBP-BMA method
Authors: He Shaokun , Guo Shenglian , Liu Zhangjun , Yin Jiabo , Chen Kebing , Wu Xushu
Published: March 2018

Quantification of the inherent uncertainty in hydrologic forecasting is essential for flood control and water resources management. The existing approaches, such as Bayesian model averaging (BMA), hydrologic uncertainty processor (HUP), copula-BMA (CBMA), aim at developing reliable probabilistic forecasts to characterize the uncertainty induced by model structures. In the probability forecast framework, these approaches either assume the probability density function (PDF) to follow a certain distribution, or are unable to reduce bias effectively for complex hydrological forecasts. To overcome these limitations, a copula Bayesian processor associated with BMA (CBP-BMA) method is proposed with ensemble lumped hydrological models. Comparing with the BMA and CBMA methods, the CBP-BMA method relaxes any assumption on the distribution of conditional PDFs. Several evaluation criteria, such as containing ratio, average bandwidth and average deviation amplitude of probabilistic application, are utilized to evaluate the model performance. The case study results demonstrate that the CBP-BMA method can improve hydrological forecasting precision with higher cover ratios more than 90%, which are increased by 4.4% and 3.2%, 2.2% and 1.7% over those of BMA and CBMA during the calibration and validation periods, respectively. The proposed CBP-BMA method provides an alternative approach for uncertainty estimation of hydrological multi-model forecasts.
Organic matter removal in bio-filters to achieve biologically stable water downstream of the process
Authors: Ortiz Mingo J.
Published: March 2018

Organic removal contaminants reclamation has increased over the past years as it has many advantages over other treatments. Product water from water treatment plants can be chemically complex resulting in physical and biological changes during transportation in the distribution systems. The general aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of biofilters for reducing the concentration of organic matter in order to produce biologically stable water, avoiding biofouling formation downstream of the process units. Enhanced coagulation and media filters of expanded clay, sand, and biological activated carbon (BAC) have been assessed. PH and coagulant dose have been optimized to achieve maximum turbidity and organic removal. Filtration stages along the operation have been monitored, measuring parameters such DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon), UVabs (ultraviolet absorbance), BDOC (Biodegradable Organic Carbon) and AOC (Assimilable Organic Carbon). Once the biological stage was achieved and the organic removal was constant and steady along the process units, the BDOC analysis showed evidence of the outcomes of each filtration system, with BAC filters in conjunction with enhanced coagulation giving outstanding performance.
A conceptual model for decentralized municipal wastewater management
Authors: Bernal Diana
Published: March 2018

This paper proposes a conceptual model for selecting the centralization level for wastewater management in urban areas, which is associated with main sewage collectors and wastewater treatment facilities. The model is supported in the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Cost-Benefit Analysis. Additionally, the model is based on the results of variables and indicators identified previously through an expert consultation process and prioritized by Ranking and Rating Multi-criteria Analysis. Three municipalities of Colombia were used as case studies for model validation purposes. As a result, decentralized plans can be a viable option when their associated benefits are quantified.
Ayahuasca: Psychological and Physiologic Effects, Pharmacology and Potential Uses in Addiction and Mental Illness
Authors: Hamill Jonathan , Hallak Jaime , Dursun Serdar M. , Baker Glen
Published: March 2018

Background:

Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian decoction with psychoactive properties,
is made from bark of the Banisteriopsis caapi vine (containing beta-carboline alkaloids) and
leaves of the Psychotria viridis bush (supplying the hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine, DMT).
Originally used by indigenous shamans for the purposes of spirit communication, magical experiences,
healing, and religious rituals across several South American countries, ayahuasca has been
incorporated into folk medicine and spiritual healing, and several Brazilian churches use it routinely
to foster a spiritual experience. More recently, it is being used in Europe and North America, not
only for religious or healing reasons, but also for recreation.

Objective:

To review ayahuasca’s behavioral effects, possible adverse effects, proposed mechanisms
of action and potential clinical uses in mental illness.

Method:

We searched Medline, in English, using the terms ayahuasca, dimethyltryptamine, Banisteriopsis
caapi, and Psychotria viridis and reviewed the relevant publications.

Results:

The following aspects of ayahuasca are summarized: Political and legal factors; acute and
chronic psychological effects; electrophysiological studies and imaging; physiological effects; safety
and adverse effects; pharmacology; potential psychiatric uses.

Conclusion:

Many years of shamanic wisdom have indicated potential therapeutic uses for ayahuasca,
and several present day studies suggest that it may be useful for treating various psychiatric
disorders and addictions. The side effect profile appears to be relatively mild, but more detailed
studies need to be done. Several prominent researchers believe that government regulations with
regard to ayahuasca should be relaxed so that it could be provided more readily to recognized, credible
researchers to conduct comprehensive clinical trials.
New insights on Ethambutol Targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Ghiraldi-Lopes Luciana D. , Campanerut-Sá Paula A. Zanetti , Evaristo Geisa P. Caprini , Meneguello Jean E. , Fiorini Adriana , Baldin Vanessa P. , de Souza Emanuel Maltempi , de Lima Scodro Regiane Bertin , Siqueira Vera L.D. , Cardoso Rosilene F.
Published: March 2018

Background:

In recent years, very few effective drugs against Mycobacterium
tuberculosis have emerged, which motivates the research with drugs already
used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic drug that affects
cell wall integrity, but the effects of this drug on bacilli are not fully exploited.

Objective:

Based on the need to better investigate the complex mechanism of action
of ethambutol, our study presented the proteome profile of M. tuberculosis after different
times of ethambutol exposure, aiming to comprehend the dynamics of bacilli
response to its effects. M. tuberculosis was exposed to ½ MIC of ethambutol at 24
and 48 hours. The proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF.

Results:

The main protein changes occurred in metabolic proteins as dihydrolipoyl
dehydrogenase (Rv0462), glutamine synthetase1 (Rv2220), electron transfer flavoprotein
subunit beta (Rv3029c) and adenosylhomocysteinase (Rv3248c).

Conclusion:

Considering the functions of these proteins, our results support that the
intermediary metabolism and respiration were affected by ethambutol and this disturbance
provided proteins that could be explored as additional targets for this drug.
Estimación de parámetros genéticos para peso al destete en ganado blanco orejinegro (bon) en el noroccidente colombiano
Authors: Cañas Jhon J , Ramírez Julian , Arboleda Oscar , Ochoa Jorge , Vergara Oscar , Cerón Mario
Published: March 2018

Objetivo. Estimar los componentes de varianza genético aditivo directo y materno para peso al destete en ganado criollo Blanco Orejinegro (BON). Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 356 registros entre los años 1988 al 2007, del núcleo de animales BON puro de la hacienda Vegas de la Clara de la Universidad de Antioquia. El análisis fue realizado utilizando un modelo animal incluyendo los efectos fijos de sexo y época de destete, y como covariable la edad al destete y los efectos aleatorios genético directo, genético materno, ambiente permanente y residual. Resultados. El peso promedio al destete fue de 196.3 ± 31.4 kg, a una edad promedio de 271.8 ± 13.5 días. Se encontraron 21 animales endogámicos con un coeficiente de endogamia de 24.5%. La heredabilidad directa y materna fueron de 0.63 ± 0.36 y 0.22 ± 0.19 con una correlación entre el efecto directo y el materno de -0.78 ± 0.21. Conclusión. De acuerdo a los resultados, existe variabilidad genética en el núcleo BON para esta característica.
Valoración económica de la producción científica en salud en Colombia. 2000-2005
Authors: Alvis-Guzmán Nelson , De la Hoz Fernando
Published: March 2018

Objetivo. Valorar económicamente la investigación en salud en Colombia, financiada parcialmente por Colciencias a partir de la gestión del Fondo para la Investigación en Salud (FIS) 2001 – 2005. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una valoración económica desde la perspectiva de la sociedad y el Estado teniendo en cuenta resultados intermedios, para los que se adoptaron dos escenarios (máximo y mínimo). Resultados. Se revisaron 338 proyectos (48.7% financiado por Conciencias). El costo medio de los proyectos fue 287 millones. El crecimiento de recursos por proyecto aportados por el FIS fue del 75% en términos reales y la razón de financiación Colciencias/contrapartida, pasó de 0.8 en 2001 a 1.1 en 2005. Antioquia fue el departamento con mayor participación (30.2%). A 2005 habían finalizado 57 (16.8%) con un costo de 8.889 millones (9.7%). Como productos se destacan 30 artículos sometidos en revistas nacionales y 35 en internacionales, 69 participaciones en congresos y la formación de 4 doctores y 24 magísteres. La formación de talento humano representa más del 95% por ciento de los beneficios. La razón beneficio/costo oscila entre 4.72 y 6.34 (por cada peso invertido en investigación en salud se generan, para la sociedad, más de seis veces dicha inversión). Conclusiones. La valoración económica destaca la importancia que en la ejecución de los proyectos de investigación se formen investigadores, frente a los altos retornos que ello implica. Por ello, debe consolidarse, por parte de Colciencias, como criterio de valoración positiva de un proyecto de investigación, el hecho de proponer la formación de investigadores.
Constitutional Implications from Representative Democracy
Authors: Kirk Jeremy
Published: March 2018

There is undoubtedly a growing willingness in the High Court to find constitutional implications protecting individual freedoms or rights. There are a number of possible bases for this approach, including the separation of powers and the common law. In this context, the High Court's decisions in Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (No 2) (the Political Advertising case) and Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills (which together I shall call the “principal cases”) are very significant. A majority of six judges in the decisions held both that the Constitution entrenches the system of representative democracy and that this in tum implies constitutional protection of free speech on political matters. The two cases were handed down on the same day and must be read together as. the judges' reasoning for these conclusions overlap between the cases. The significance of the principal cases is twofold. They constitute the clearest acceptance by the Court to date of an implied constitutional limitation relating to individual freedom. More importantly, they establish a new basis for finding further constitutional implications. If freedom of political communication is constitutionally protected because it is essential to representative democracy, other freedoms and requirements might be similarly essential and be similarly protected.
Copyright, Communication and New Technologies
Authors: van Caenegem William A
Published: March 2018

The Copyright Law Review Committee (CLRC) is to report in the near future on the desirability of major changes to the Copyright Act, with particular reference to the exclusive rights of the copyright owner. The Copyright Convergence Grouf (CCG) has already recommended significant amendments of a more limited scope. Behind the interest in law reform lies the impact of the “digital revolution”, permitting the production, storage, distribution and use of copyright matter in digital machinereadable form. Underlying the CLRC review is the belief that the rights and rewards of the copyright owner must be safeguarded from this new technological threat, primarily through the bestowal of broader rights. A further concern is that the Copyright Act has achieved a muddled complexity which only a clean sweep can now remedy, and that it cannot sustain any more incremental amendments. Thus the present Reference proposes a radical solution, the replacement of the specific enumerated rights with two broad rights of distribution and transmission.
Termination of Appointments to Public Offices
Authors: Campbell Enid
Published: March 2018

Persons employed within the public (that is, governmental) sector are employed under a variety of legal arrangements. Some are employed under contracts of employment or as independent contractors. Some are employed as members of a government service such as a public service, a police service or a teaching service, pursuant to detailed legislative provisions. A few may be employed solely under the common law relating to service under the Crown. Some are persons who have been appointed to public offices, that is positions which exist separately from the persons who hold office and to which particular powers and duties are attached. Some are both members of a government service and holders of public offices. Terms and conditions of employment within the public sector may also be affected by industrial awards, awards made by remuneration tribunals and general legislation on employment.
The External Affairs Power and Environmental Protection in Australia
Authors: Marlin Richard
Published: March 2018

The present threat to environmental resources world-wide, in terms of its significance for human survival, ranks second only to the dangers posed by a nuclear war ... Desertification, acidification of the environment, chemical pollution of air, water and soil resources, depletion of the ozone layer, the “greenhouse effect” of global warming, and the loss of genetic versatility are just a few of the phenomena that exemplify a growing imbalance between human enterprise and life-sustaining biosphere.

Concern for the environment is undoubtedly a “significant social and political force” within the international community. Where members of the international community once viewed environmental protection as a local or national issue, ther have now been compelled to see many environmental problems as global in scope. This change in attitude was exemplified in 1992 when the United Nations convened the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, attended by representatives from 170 nations, including 130 heads of state and government. One of the outcomes of the conference was the adoption of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (Rio Declaration). The Rio Declaration is a declaration of internationally accepted fundamental principles on development and environmental protection. It declares that all nations have a right to development. However, this right must be exercised in such a manner as to “equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations”.
Reputation, Power and Fairness: A Review of the Impact of Judicial Review upon Investigative Tribunals
Authors: Allars Margaret
Published: March 2018

We live in times of escalating activity of investigative tribunals uncovering corruption, crime, discrimination and violations of public service discipline. Investigation by agencies of the executive branch of government has become an industry, a form of regulation and policy-making which ranges well beyond the occasional royal commission. This has been matched by an escalating concern of civil libertarians and courts regarding the damage which investigative tribunals may do to those who are investigated or named in their proceedings. There is a question whether the expressed concern of the courts, the protection of reputation, is warranted in the light of the accountability of such tribunals by means of judicial review. The degree to which investigative tribunals cause damage to individuals in a manner which infringes their fundamental rights is constantly a matter of controversy. The degree of success achieved by the tribunals in pursuing their statutory objectives is also often a matter of controversy.
Corporation, Contract, Community: An Analysis of Governance in the Privatisation of Public Enterprise and the Publicisation of Private Corporate Law
Authors: Whincop Michael J , Keyes Mary E
Published: March 2018

To say that managers should be accountable to the market only begins the analysis. The problematic downside to this glib norm is that a volatile market can be a fickle master who may regularly override the superior judgment of his manager-servant. Thus, the central question from a public law perspective is how much accountability is too much.

John C Coffee, Jr

The last two decades of corporate law scholarship in the United States have been marked by the ascendancy of law-and-economics research, the centrepiece of which is the contractarian theory of the corporation and the corporate law. Contractarians seek to explain the corporation as the focal point for a process of contracting between various constituencies. Contractarians explain corporate law as a corpus of “default rules” which fills gaps where these contracts are less than fully specified, but which can be excluded by the parties.
Imagining Constitutional Crises: Power and (MIS)Behaviour in Republican Australia
Authors: Patmore Glenn A , Whyte John D
Published: March 2018

The change we propose [to the Australian Constitution] has very limited implications for the design of Australia's democracy. It is the so-called “minimalist” option. All the essential constitutional principles and practices which have worked well and evolved constructively over the last hundred years will remain in place.

The previous Australian government's aim was to remove the hereditary office of the monarch with only minor changes to the Australian system of government. Former Prime Minister Paul Keating stated that the proposed “republican” changes would have limited implications for the design and operation of Australian democracy. But his quest, and the quest of those who support the republican movement, may represent a more momentous shift in Australian political values and political sensibility than is widely admitted. This shift might lead to the enhancement of democratic participation. Indeed, the debate surrounding the republican initiative has already caused both a revised understanding of Australian political philosophy and a renewed appreciation of certain strong democratic threads in the history of Australia as a nation.
How Medical Students Conceptualize Disability: Implications for Interprofessional Practice and Education
Authors: Bechard Daniel J. , Day Adam M.B. , Dufour Sinéad P. , Dzioba Agnieszka , McCabe Colin , Rasmussen Scott M. , Doyle Philip C.
Published: March 2018

Background: This study explored whether medical students at a Canadian university conceptualize health and disability from a biomedical or biopsychosocial perspective. The World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) served as the theoretical basis for this exploration.Methods: A written survey was administered to capture medical students' conceptualizations of health and disability. The survey included questions explicitly related to the constructs of universalism, nonlinearity, social and environmental factors, personal factors, participation, aspects of language and biopsychosocial health perspectives. The survey was also designed to include both theoretical and scenario-based questions related to biopsychosocial concepts of disability. The survey was distributed to and completed by a senior medical school class at a Canadian university.Results: In total, 82 out of 131 medical students completed the survey. Observed trends suggested that for theory-based questions, respondents exhibited close agreement with biopsychosocial perspectives of health and disability. Scenariobased questions resulted in more variability among respondents compared to theory-based questions. When students who previously had been introduced to the ICF were compared with students who had not, those familiar with the ICF more consistently exhibited a biopsychosocial perspective of health and disability; however these differences were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Overall, senior medical students in this study were generally found to conceptualize disability using a biopsychosocial orientation. This result was more pronounced among students who were previously familiar with the ICF. Interestingly, a biopsychosocial orientation was not consistently maintained for scenario-based questions for all respondents. Our current healthcare climate requires that the concept of health move beyond a biomedical perspective to a more holistic biopsychosocial perspective. This change in perspective is of particular importance as movement towards team-based models of care continues to gain momentum. Closing conceptual and language-based gaps related to concepts of health and disability among all healthcare professionals is pertinent to improvinginterprofessional collaboration and service provision. The ICF presents a framework and language that is relevant across all health professions. Increased use of the ICF in health professional education and training could significantly contribute to increased interdisciplinary success.
Using Ethnographic Methods to Understand Change in Interprofessional Practice
Authors: Gotlib-Conn Lesley
Published: March 2018

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Implementation of a Mental Health Guideline in a Long-Term Care Home: A Participatory Action Approach
Authors: Huijbregts Maria , Sokoloff Lisa Guttman , Feldman Sid , Conn David K. , Simons Kelsey , Walsh Leenah , Dunal Lynda , Goodman Ruth , Khatri Nasreen
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground: The goal of this pilot study was to implement a Canadian mental health guideline in a long-term care residence in order to improve interprofessional care of clients with mood and behavioural issues.Methods: Using a participatory action approach, this pilot study engaged staff/physicians, residents, and families in identifying key priorities for action related to the goal of improving interprofessional care. This resulted in the implementation of educational interventions, a mandate for non-registered nursing staff to attend interprofessional rounds, and enhanced interprofessional collaboration through unit-based huddles. A staff satisfaction survey and focus groups were conducted to assess perceptions of change.Findings: The staff satisfaction survey revealed statistically significant improvements in perceived job satisfaction, leadership, and workplace resources. Focus group findings indicated improved interprofessional collaboration, teamwork, support, and communication. Staff noted a stronger perception of being valued and increased confidence in their own contributions.Conclusions: Both qualitative and quantitative improvements were noted in staffjob satisfaction. Despite some limitations, these findings suggest that further dissemination of this initiative with rigorous evaluation is warranted.
Interprofessional Shared Decision Making in the NICU: A Survey of an Interprofessional Healthcare Team
Authors: Dunn Sandra , Cragg Betty , Graham Ian D. , Medves Jennifer , Gaboury Isabelle
Published: March 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine how different membersof an interprofessional (IP) team (nurses, physicians, respiratory therapists, and other professionals) perceived collaboration and satisfaction with the decisionmaking process across three decision types (triage, chronic condition management, values-sensitive decisions) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods and Findings: All members of the team at a tertiary NICU in Canada who consented to the study received a modified version of the Collaboration and Satisfaction about Care Decisions (CSACD) instrument. A total of 96 completed surveys were returned (response rate of 81.4). Collaboration scores were calculatedfor each participant, professional group, and the IP team. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between perceived collaboration about decision making and satisfaction with the decision-making process. Inter-group comparisons across different decision types were also calculated. The majority of statistically significant differences in professional perspectives about decision making were about triage decisions. Nurses and respiratory therapists were more likely than other groups to feel the decision-making process was inadequate. There was a strong, positive correlation between perceived collaboration in decision making, satisfaction with the decision-making process, and satisfaction with the decision.Conclusions: Findings from this survey suggest that healthcare professionals' views differ about what constitutes optimum interprofessional shared decision making(IPSDM), and the decision type is an important influencing factor for IPSDM.
Interprofessional Collaboration Led by Health Professional Students: A Case Study of the Inter Health Professional Alliance at Virginia Commonwealth University
Authors: VanderWielen Lynn M. , Do Elizabeth K. , Diallo Hadja I. , LaCoe Kristen N. , Nguyen Natalie L. , Parikh Sonal A. , Rho Helen Y. , Enurah Alexander S. , Dumke Erika K. , Dow Alan W.
Published: March 2018

Background: Internationally recognized health experts have identified the need for an interdisciplinary approach to meet the healthcare needs of the 21st century, but academic institutions have been slow to take action. In response, eight health professional students at Virginia Commonwealth University developed a student-led organization, the Inter Health Professionals Alliance (IHPA), to foster a collaborative, interdisciplinary environment among health professional students.Methods and Findings: The eight students utilized a participatory action research approach to identify 1) an understanding behind the motivation for developing IHPA and 2) the core benefits of group involvement. Four benefits were identified: the development of knowledge and skills, interprofessional networks, professional competence, and role clarity. The case study demonstrated that students can engage in interdisciplinary collaboration from a student-initiated approach and likely improve the care of future patients. Drawing on personal experiences, IHPA board members outline five pieces of wisdom to aid fellow students in the development of student-led interdisciplinary organizations.Conclusions: With enthusiasm and support, students can transform their educational experiences to meet the healthcare needs of the twenty-first century.