bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMULIAAN PANGAN BERBASIS NASKAH MANTRA PERTANIAN DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN TRADISI MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG NAGA DAN BADUY
Authors: Sumarlina Erlis Suryani Nani , Darsa Undang Ahmad , Permana Rangga Saptya Mohamad
Published: December 2019

Terbesitkah dalam benak kita bahwa sistem pertanian nenek moyang masa lampau sebenarnya tidak kalah oleh sistem pertanian yang berkembang saat ini? Pemuliaan pangan beserta pengolahan lahan pertanian masyarakat lama senantiasa berkelindan erat dengan tradisi. Tradisi itu sendiri hingga kini dapat dicermati lewat masyarakat yang masih pengkuh ‘teguh’ memegang adat istiadat dan tradisi. Hal ini masih bisa kita lihat pada masyarakat adat di Tatar Sunda. Contohnya masyarakat Kanekes Baduy di Banten dan masyarakat adat Kampung Naga di Neglasari, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat, yang sejak tiga tahun terakhir ini terkenal dengan beras organiknya sehingga mampu diekspor ke mancanagara. Tata cara pengolahan dan pemuliaan lahan pertanian, baik di Baduy maupun di Kampung Naga, tentu saja masih dapat kita temukan dalam beberapa naskah Sunda yang berkaitan dengan pertanian, seperti naskah Sulanjana, Dewi Sri, Nyi Pohaci, Sawargaloka, maupun naskah Nyi Lokatmala, serta naskah bernuansa mantra. Hal ini dapat dipahami karena masalah pertanian berkelindan erat dengan cara mengolah dan bagaimana lahan pertanian itu diberdayakan  serta dapat menghasilkan panen yang gemilang, yang kesemuanya itu tidak telepas dari mantra, yang salah satunya terungkap dalam naskah Mantra Pertanian. Hasil Penelitian yang berjudul “Pemuliaan Pangan Berbasis Naskah Mantra Pertanian, Kaitannya dengan Tradisi Masyarakat Kampung Naga dan Baduy” ini mengungkapkan pemuliaan pangan dan tata cara pengolahannya, berbasis kearifan lokal naskah mantra pertanian dan ilmu falak, yang dikolaborasikan dengan tradisi yang masih melekat dan diimplementasikan di Kampung Naga dan Baduy. Di samping memaparkan hubungan antara naskah mantra pertanian dengan naskah ilmu falak/perbintangan yang digunakan untuk menghitung serta menentukan kapan dan padi jenis apa yang harus ditanam, dengan cara pengolahan yang bagaimana, mantra apa yang harus dibacakan, dan kapan padi itu harus dipanen, dengan cara bagaimana  padi itu dipelihara agar hasilnya memuaskan. Semua identifikasi masalah dan tujuan yang diinginkan dalam penelitian ini melalui metode dan pendekatan dapat dicapai dengan sangat memuaskan.
Manuskrip Al-Ḥikam: Edisi Teks dan Terjemahan
Authors: Kurniawan Alhafiz
Published: December 2019

Tesis ini mengkaji tentang manuskrip al-Ḥikam al-Aṭāiyyah koleksi Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Teks ini termasuk karya tasawuf dengan tiga bagian, yaitu aforisme, sejumlah surat yang berisi nasihat untuk sahabat atau muridnya, dan munajat kepada Tuhan. Fokus kajian ini terbagi menjadi dua. Pertama kajian filologis yaitu menyajikan edisi teks al-Ḥikam al-Aṭāiyyah yang telah dibersihkan dari kesalahan dan diterjemahkan sehingga kandungan dan keunikan teks salinan al-Ḥikam dapat diketahui oleh masyarakat luas. Kedua secara etnografis, yaitu pelisanan teks al-Ḥikam yang digunakan sebagai penyebaran nilai-nilai sufisme di masyarakat miskin perkotaan yang sangat kompleks, khususnya masyarakat industri pelabuhan di Cilincing, Jakarta Utara.  Pelisanan teks al-Ḥikam sebagai teks sufisme yang berkembang dalam tradisi Syadziliyyah dapat digunakan oleh pendukung tradisi Qadiriyyah-Naqsyabandiyyah. Pelisanan teks al-Ḥikam ini lazimnya dilakukan di dalam pesantren, majelis taklim di aula maupun di masjid, atau kafe dengan jamaah yang terdiri atas masyarakat kelas menengah perkotaan, tetapi di masyarakat miskin industri pelabuhan di Jakarta Utara. Pelisanan secara intensif teks al-Ḥikam merupakan salah satu cara ekspresi sufisme yang diambil pendukung tarekat Qadiriyyah-Naqsyabandiyyah untuk menghadapi situasi sosial tertentu.
Piwulang dalam Serat Darmasaloka
Authors: Rohman Syaiful , Kramadibrata Dewaki
Published: December 2019

Serat Darmasaloka (selanjutnya disingkat SD) merupakan manuskrip yang ditulis menggunakan bahasa dan aksara Jawa dalam bentuk puisi atau tembang macapat . Teks SD menceritakan kisah Siti Maryam, anak dari Syeh Ngabdullah yang dibuang ke hutan karena difitnah telah berzinah. Teks SD banyak mengandung nasihat-nasihat atau piwulang dan pemikiran-pemikiran agama Islam. Dari berbagai katalog penyimpanan naskah di Indonesia maupun di luar Indonesia tercatat ada 3 naskah yang ditemukan dengan judul Sêrat Darmasaloka. Pertama, yaitu naskah dengan nomor katalog KS 539 B yang berjudul Serat Darmasaloka. Naskah kedua dengan nomor katalog KS 539 C dengan judul Pethikan saking sêrat Darmasaloka. Naskah ketiga dengan judul Sêrat Darmasalokayang tersimpan di Perpustakaan Indonesia dengan nomor katalog PW 26/KS 77. Naskah KS 539 B berdasarkan kolofonnya, selesai ditulis pada 29 Sura tahun Je 1814 AJ, atau 29 Muharram 1302 H, atau 18 November 1884 M. Naskah KS 539 C selesai ditulis pada Senin tanggal 28 bulan Ramadhan tahun 1816 AJ atau pada tanggal 20 Juni tahun 1887 M. Adapun naskah PW 26/KS 77 selesai ditulis pada 25 Jumadilawal tahun Je 1846 AJ, atau 30 Maret 1916 M.
Wawacan Bin Étam: Gambaran Peran Ibu dalam Pola Asuh dan Pendidikan Anak, Edisi Teks dan Kajian Isi
Authors: Amalia Noor Ilmi , Darsa Undang Ahmad , Ma'mun Titin Nurhayati
Published: December 2019

Al-ummu madrasatul ula, iza a’dadtaha a’dadta sya’ban thayyibal a’raq. Syair Arab tersebut menggambarkan betapa pentingnya peran seorang ibu dalam mengasuh dan mendidik anak-anaknya. Anak adalah salah satu amanat Allah yang harus dijaga serta diasuh dan dididik dengan sebaik mungkin oleh orang tua, terutama ibu. Naskah Wawacan Bin Étam adalah salah satu naskah Sunda Islami yang ditemukan di daerah Garut, Jawa Barat. Wawacan ini menjadi bukti penguat betapa pola asuh dan pendidikan yang baik dan benar sangat dibutuhkan untuk mencetak karakter anak menjadi pribadi yang baik. Naskah ini pula yang dijadikan objek penelitian oleh penulis. Penulis terlebih dahulu melakukan penelitian dengan cara metode kajian filologis, yaitu metode kajian naskah (kodikologi) dan kajian teks (tekstologi) untuk menghasilkan edisi teks yang bersih dari kesalahan tulis disertai dengan terjemahannya ke dalam bahasa Indonesia, agar dapat dimengerti dan dipahami oleh masyarakat luas. Selanjutnya akan dilakukan analisis isi dengan teori semiotik dan isotopi untuk mengetahui struktur tema pada naskah  sehingga dapat dipahami makna dari naskah Wawacan Bin Étam.
Tracing Kinematic and Chemical Properties of Sagittarius Stream by K-Giants, M-Giants, and BHB stars
Authors: Yang Chengqun , Xue Xiang-Xiang , Li Jing , Liu Chao , Zhang Bo , Rix Hans-Walter , Zhang Lan , Zhao Gang , Tian Hao , Zhong Jing , Xing Qianfan , Wu Yaqian , Li Chengdong , Carlin Jeffrey L. , Chang Jiang
Published: December 2019

We characterize the kinematic and chemical properties of ∼3000 Sagittarius (Sgr) stream stars, including K-giants, M-giants, and blue horizontal branch stars (BHBs), selected from SEGUE-2, Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey separately in Integrals-of-Motion space. The orbit of the Sgr stream is quite clear from the velocity vector in the X–Z plane. Stars traced by K-giants and M-giants show that the apogalacticon of the trailing steam is ∼100 kpc. The metallicity distributions of Sgr K-giants, M-giants, and BHBs indicate that the M-giants are on average the most metal-rich population, followed by K-giants and BHBs. All of the K-giants, M-giants, and BHBs indicate that the trailing arm is on average more metal-rich than the leading arm, and the K-giants show that the Sgr debris is the most metal-poor part. The α-abundance of Sgr stars exhibits a similar trend with the Galactic halo stars at lower metallicity ([Fe/H] <∼ −1.0 dex), and then evolve down to lower [α/Fe] than disk stars at higher metallicity, which is close to the evolution pattern of the α-element of Milky Way dwarf galaxies. We find that V

Y
and metallicity of K-giants have gradients along the direction of the line of sight from the Galactic center in the X–Z plane, and the K-giants show that V

Y
increases with metallicity at [Fe/H] >∼ −1.5 dex. After dividing the Sgr stream into bright and faint streams according to their locations in equatorial coordinates, the K-giants and BHBs show that the bright and faint streams present different V

Y
and metallicities, the bright stream is on average higher in V

Y
and metallicity than the faint stream.
ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae. I. Properties of the 2018 Sample
Authors: Yao Yuhan , Miller Adam A. , Kulkarni S. R. , Bulla Mattia , Masci Frank J. , Goldstein Daniel A. , Goobar Ariel , Nugent Peter , Dugas Alison , Blagorodnova Nadia , Neill James D. , Rigault Mickael , Sollerman Jesper , Nordin J. , Bellm Eric C. , Cenko S. Bradley , De Kishalay , Dhawan Suhail , Feindt Ulrich , Fremling C. , Gatkine Pradip , Graham Matthew J. , Graham Melissa L. , Ho Anna Y. Q. , Hung T. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Kupfer Thomas , Laher Russ R. , Perley Daniel A. , Rusholme Ben , Shupe David L. , Soumagnac Maayane T. , Taggart K. , Walters Richard , Yan Lin
Published: December 2019

Early-time observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are essential to constrain the properties of their progenitors. In this paper, we present high-quality light curves of 127 SNe Ia discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) in 2018. We describe our method to perform forced point-spread function photometry, which can be applied to other types of extragalactic transients. With a planned cadence of six observations per night (three g + three r), all of the 127 SNe Ia are detected in both g and r bands more than 10 days (in the rest frame) prior to the epoch of g-band maximum light. The redshifts of these objects range from z = 0.0181 to 0.165; the median redshift is 0.074. Among the 127 SNe, 50 are detected at least 14 days prior to maximum light (in the rest frame), with a subset of nine objects being detected more than 17 days before g-band peak. This is the largest sample of young SNe Ia collected to date; it can be used to study the shape and color evolution of the rising light curves in unprecedented detail. We discuss six peculiar events in this sample: one 02cx-like event ZTF18abclfee (SN 2018crl), one Ia-CSM SN ZTF18aaykjei (SN 2018cxk), and four objects with possible super-Chandrasekhar mass progenitors: ZTF18abhpgje (SN 2018eul), ZTF18abdpvnd (SN 2018dvf), ZTF18aawpcel (SN 2018cir), and ZTF18abddmrf (SN 2018dsx).
The Formation and Decay of Sunspot Penumbrae in Active Region NOAA 12673
Authors: Li Qiaoling , Yan Xiaoli , Wang Jincheng , Kong DeFang , Xue Zhike , Yang Liheng
Published: December 2019

To better understand the formation and decay of sunspot penumbrae, we studied the evolution of sunspots in three regions of the active region NOAA 12673 in detail. The evolution of sunspots in the three regions was involved in the interaction of two magnetic field systems: the preexisting magnetic field system and the later-emerging magnetic field system. Through analyzing the photospheric magnetic field properties, it is found that the formation of the penumbra originated from newly emerging magnetic bipoles that were trapped in the photosphere. The change in magnetic field in a penumbra from horizontal to vertical can cause the disappearance of the penumbra. A transformation of the magnetic field between the umbra and the penumbra is found, and the outward moat flow around the sunspot gradually decreased and vanished during decay of the sunspot. In addition, we found that the mean longitudinal magnetic strength in the penumbra decreased and the mean transverse magnetic strength in the penumbra increased with the increasing penumbral area during the formation of sunspots. However, during the decay of sunspots, the mean longitudinal magnetic strength in the penumbra increased, and the mean transverse magnetic strength in the penumbra decreased with decreasing penumbral area. Comparatively, the dependence of the area and the mean transverse/longitudinal magnetic field strength in the umbra is not remarkable. These results reveal that the formation and decay process of umbra are different from penumbra.
The Matter Beyond the Ring: The Recent Evolution of SN 1987A Observed by the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Larsson J. , Fransson C. , Alp D. , Challis P. , Chevalier R. A. , France K. , Kirshner R. P. , Lawrence S. , Leibundgut B. , Lundqvist P. , Mattila S. , Migotto K. , Sollerman J. , Sonneborn G. , Spyromilio J. , Suntzeff N. B. , Wheeler J. C.
Published: December 2019

The nearby SN 1987A offers a spatially resolved view of the evolution of a young supernova (SN) remnant. Here we present recent Hubble Space Telescope imaging observations of SN 1987A, which we use to study the evolution of the ejecta, the circumstellar equatorial ring (ER), and the increasing emission from material outside the ER. We find that the inner ejecta have been brightening at a gradually slower rate and that the western side has been brighter than the eastern side since ∼7000 days. This is expected given that the X-rays from the ER are most likely powering the ejecta emission. At the same time, the optical emission from the ER continues to fade linearly with time. The ER is expanding at 680 ± 50 km s−1, which reflects the typical velocity of transmitted shocks in the dense hot spots. A dozen spots and a rim of diffuse Hα emission have appeared outside the ER since 9500 days. The new spots are more than an order of magnitude fainter than the spots in the ER and also fade faster. We show that the spots and diffuse emission outside the ER may be explained by fast ejecta interacting with high-latitude material that extends from the ER toward the outer rings. Further observations of this emission will make it possible to determine the detailed geometry of the high-latitude material and provide insight into the formation of the rings and the mass-loss history of the progenitor.
Investigation of Carbapenem resistance mechanisms in Klebsiella pneumoniae by using phenotypic tests and a molecular assay
Authors: Ciftci Esra , Sesli Cetin Emel , Us Ebru , Haydar Kutlu Hüseyin , Cicioglu Arıdogan Buket
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of carbapenemase production and carbapenem resistance mechanisms in 47 carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates by phenotypic confirmatory tests and molecular assay.

Methodology: Carbapenem resistance genes KPC, OXA-48 and NDM were investigated with the BD MAX CRE assay kit in the BD MAX real time PCR instrument. Modified Hodge test, MBL gradient strip test, D70C Carbapenemase Detection Set, Temocillin gradient strip test methods were used as phenotypic confirmatory tests. Clonal relationship between study isolates was investigated with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Results: Analysis with BD MAX CRE assay revealed OXA-48 positivity in 17 (36%) strains, NDM positivity in 6 (13%) strains and coexistence of OXA-48 + NDM positivity in 8 (17%) strains. In 16 (34%) strains, none of the KPC, OXA-48 and NDM genes were detected. While MHT was the most sensitive phenotypic confirmatory test, D70C disc set had not been considered as a useful tool to assist the search for carbapenemase production. Temocillin gradient test alone could not be considered as sufficient to detect the presence of OXA-48. PFGE analyses revealed that 23 of 31 carbapenemase producing strains were in three major PFGE genotypes (A, B and C).

Conclusions: This study revealed that carbapenem resistance observed in K. pneumoniae isolates was mainly due to OXA-48 and NDM genes and the increase of carbapenem resistance among K. pneumoniae strains in our hospital was due to the interhospital spread of especially 3 epidemic clones.
The role of TLR-4 in the immunomodulatory effects of recombinant BCG expressing MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Adamu , Suppian Rapeah
Published: December 2019

Introduction: An earlier constructed recombinant BCG expressing the MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum, induced inflammatory responses leading to significant production of nitric oxide (NO) alongside higher expression of the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and significant production of the regulatory cytokine, IL-10, indicating significant immunomodulatory effects of the construct. The mechanism of these responses had not been established but is thought to involve toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4).

Methodology: The present study was carried out to determine the role of TLR-4 on eliciting the immunomodulatory effects of recombinant BCG expressing MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum leading to the production of NO and IL-10, as well as the expression of iNOS. Six groups of mice (n = 6 per group) were immunised thrice, three weeks apart with intraperitoneal phosphate buffered saline T80 (PBS-T80), BCG or rBCG in the presence or absence of a TLR-4 inhibitor; TAK-242, given one hour prior to each immunisation. Peritoneal macrophages were harvested from the mice and cultured for the determination of NO, iNOS and IL-10 via Griess assay, ELISA and Western blot respectively.

Results: The results showed significant inhibition of the production of NO and IL-10 and the expression of iNOS in all groups of mice in the presence of TAK-242.

Conclusions: These results presented evidence of the role of TLR-4/rBCG attachment mechanism in modulating the production of NO and IL-10 and the expression of iNOS in response to our rBCG-based malaria vaccine candidate expressing MSP-1C of P. falciparum.
Evaluation of direct 16S rRNA PCR from clinical samples for bacterial detection in normally sterile body sites
Authors: Satilmis Serife , Ulger Toprak Nurver , Ilgın Can , Soyletir Guner
Published: December 2019

Introduction: In addition to antibiotic treatment, slow-growing and non-cultivable bacteria can lead to false-negative results for sterile body site infections. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for such infections.

Methodology: Following routine culture procedures, 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) PCR was performed for samples collected from sterile body sites between July 2017and September 2018. The samples were separated into two groups for likely (group 1) and unlikely infections (group 2) based on clinical and laboratory findings, as well as clinician opinion. Sequence analysis was performed for PCR-positive samples using 16S rRNA primers. Mixed chromatograms were analyzed with the RipSeq Mixed program, and Stata 15.1 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Eighty-seven of 139 samples collected from 116 patients were placed in group 1, and 52 were placed in group 2. Compared with culture as the reference method, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for 16S rRNA PCR were 89.8%, 85.6%, 77.2%, and 93.9%, respectively. 16S rRNA PCR identified infections in 13 culture-negative samples. Among these, three had Bartonella quintana, Mycoplasma salivarium, and Mycobacterium avium complex infections, which cannot be detected with commercial multiplex PCR kits.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that 16S rRNA PCR is effective for the diagnosis of sterile body site infections, especially for cases of meningitis and infective endocarditis where routine cultures fail.
Under an integrative taxonomic approach: the description of a new species of the genus Loxosceles (Araneae, Sicariidae) from Mexico City
Authors: Valdez-Mondragón Alejandro , Navarro-Rodríguez Claudia I. , Solís-Catalán Karen P. , Cortez-Roldán Mayra R. , Juárez-Sánchez Alma R.
Published: December 2019

A new species of the spider genusLoxoscelesHeineken & Lowe, 1832,Loxosceles tenochtitlanValdez-Mondragón & Navarro-Rodríguez,sp. nov., is described based on adult male and female specimens from the states of Mexico City, Estado de Mexico and Tlaxcala. Integrative taxonomy including traditional morphology, geometric and lineal morphology, and molecules (DNA barcodes of cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2)), were used as evidence to delimit the new species. Four methods were used for molecular analyses and species delimitation: 1) correctedp-distances under neighbor joining (NJ), 2) automatic barcode gap discovery (ABGD), 3) general mixed yule coalescent model (GMYC), and 4) poisson tree processes (bPTP). All molecular methods, traditional, geometric and lineal morphology were consistent in delimiting and recognizing the new species.Loxosceles tenochtitlansp. nov.is closely related toL. mistecabased on molecular data. Although both species are morphologically similar, the averagep-distance from CO1 data was 13.8% and 4.2% for ITS2 data. The molecular species delimitation methods recovered well-supported monophyletic clusters for samples ofL. tenochtitlansp. nov.from Mexico City + Tlaxcala and for samples ofL. mistecafrom Guerrero.Loxosceles tenochtitlansp. nov.is considered a unique species for three reasons: (1) it can be distinguished by morphological characters (genitalic and somatic); (2) the four different molecular species delimitation methods were congruent to separate both species; and (3) there is variation in leg I length of males between both species, with the males ofL. mistecahaving longer legs than males ofL. tenochtitlansp. nov., also morphometrically, the shape of tibiae of the palp between males of both species is different.
Entre a geografia da ciência e a prática da ciência geográfica: uma narrativa sobre personagens de Montpellier, França
Authors: Junior Dante F. C. Reis
Published: December 2019

Em uma recente estada na cidade francesa de Montpellier, fomos conhecer o atual panorama das pesquisas que tratam das relações “milieu-société”. A exemplo de investigações realizadas antes, nosso propósito inicial foi o de traçar a trajetória intelectual de geógrafos que demonstrassem um alinhamento contemporâneo com as abordagens teoréticas, sistêmicas e/ou integradas. Curiosamente, nos deparamos com a história de personagens que, não sendo todos geógrafos de formação, praticam pesquisas cujo teor é altamente relacionado às agendas temática e metodológica da Geografia. Ademais, partilham a visão de uma ciência de relevância social. Iniciamos o artigo com elementos de fundamentação teórica e, em seguida, sumariamos a biografia profissional de três personagens entrevistados. Concluímos que seus percursos e concepções, embora encerrando peculiaridades, convergem em certos aspectos; por exemplo, na defesa de uma geografia aplicada. O artigo é guiado pela ideia de que o pensamento e a prática científicos detêm características que podem ser exploradas desde o ponto de vista da “geografia” onde ambos se realizam.
Dinâmicas Territoriais na Zona Costeira do Estado do Pará, Amazônia Brasileira
Authors: Rocha Gilberto de Miranda , Soares Daniel Araújo Sombra , Moraes Sérgio Cardoso de
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as dinâmicas territoriais na zona costeira do Estado do Pará, Amazônia brasleira. Neste estudo, centraremos atenção na identificação dos principais fatores que determinaram a estruturação espacial, as transformações no uso e ocupação do território ao longo do tempo e os fatores que promovem, na atualidade, mudança social no espaço em questão. A análise do dinamismo da zona costeira paraense, ao longo do processo histórico induz-nos a entender as lógicas espaciais subjacentes a cada período, assim como nos permite identificar os fatores determinantes da atual configuração espacial e de sua funcionalidade para o ordenamento territorial. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as estruturas espaciais, as dinâmicas territoriais e os vetores de desenvolvimento da zona costeira paraense.
Os desafios do cuidado em situações-limite : as dramáticas da atividade no trabalho humanitário
Authors: Cavanellas Luciana B. , Brito Jussara
Published: December 2019

O trabalho em saúde em situações extremas é o fio condutor desse artigo, que investiga a atividade de trabalhadores da ONG Médicos Sem Fronteiras, buscando compreender os usos de si, no confronto com a realidade do trabalho de cuidar, prestar socorro e salvar vidas. Os desafios impostos por contextos complexos tornam o trabalho mais exigente, expondo a vulnerabilidade de pacientes, trabalhadores e organizações, mas também sua capacidade de enfrentamento e superação. A perspectiva ergológica de Schwartz, a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e a concepção de saúde de Canguilhem orientam a condução teórico-metodológico da pesquisa, de base qualitativa, que faz uso de entrevistas, além de visitas a Centros Operacionais de MSF. Os resultados encontrados revelam uma atividade instigante, onde há desejo, proteção institucional e valorização profissional ; mas, também, desgaste e pressão por uma vida “normal”, conflitos de valores e relevância da cooperação para a preservação do sentido do trabalho no cuidado humanitário.
Funding and inclusion in higher education institutions for students with disabilities
Authors: Chiwandire Desire , Vincent Louise
Published: December 2019

Background: Historically, challenges faced by students with disabilities (SWDs) in accessing higher education institutions (HEIs) were attributed to limited public funding. The introduction of progressive funding models such as disability scholarships served to widen access to, and participation in, higher education for SWDs. However, recent years have seen these advances threatened by funding cuts and privatisation in higher education.Objectives: In this article, the funding mechanisms of selected developed and developing democratic countries including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa and India are described in order to gain an insight into how such mechanisms enhance access, equal participation, retention, success and equality of outcome for SWDs. The countries selected are often spoken about as exemplars of best practices in relation to widening access and opportunities for SWDs through government mandated funding mechanisms. Method: A critical literature review of the sample countries’ funding mechanisms governing SWDs in higher education and other relevant government documents; secondary academic literature on disability funding; online sources including University World News, University Affairs, newspaper articles, newsletters, literature from bodies such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Disabled World and Parliamentary Monitoring Group. Data were analysed using a theoretically derived directed qualitative content analysis.Results: Barriers which place SWDs at a substantial educational disadvantage compared to their non-disabled peers include bureaucratisation of application processes, cuts in disability funding, means-test requirements, minimal scholarships for supporting part-time and distance learning for SWDs and inadequate financial support to meet the day-to-day costs that arise as a result of disability.Conclusion: Although the steady increase of SWDs accessing HEIs of the sampled countries have been attributed to supportive disability funding policies, notable is the fact that these students are still confronted by insurmountable disability funding-oriented barriers. Thus, we recommend the need for these HEIs to address these challenges as a matter of urgency if they are to respect the rights of SWDs as well as provide them with an enabling environment to succeed academically.
Incidence Rates of Surgically Managed Cystic Echinococcosis in Kazakhstan, 2007–2016
Authors: Mustapayeva Aigerim , Manciulli Tommaso , Zholdybay Zhamilya , Juskiewicz Konrad , Zhakenova Zhanar , Shapiyeva Zhanna , Medetov Zhumagul , Vola Ambra , Mariconti Mara , Brunetti Enrico , Budke Christine M. , Khalykova Maira , Duisenova Amangul
Published: December 2019

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. The parasite typically infects dogs and ungulates, with humans acting as dead-end hosts. Information on the epidemiology of CE is lacking from Central Asia, including from Kazakhstan where CE cases are reported centrally. This study presents data from the Kazakhstan Scientific and Practical Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Evaluation and Monitoring on CE patients treated surgically, with a diagnosis confirmed by pathology. Evaluation of data from 2007 to 2016 indicated that the CE incidence rate decreased during this time period in most areas of Kazakhstan (country-level incidence rate of 5.6 versus 4.7 cases/100,000 population in 2007 and 2016, respectively). Cystic echinococcosis had a higher incidence in southern Kazakhstan, with an incidence rate between 7.0 and 10.5 cases per 100,000 population, whereas northern regions had rates less than 4.0 cases per 100,000 population. Moreover, despite the overall decrease, CE incidence continues to increase in the south. Cystic echinococcosis surveillance is needed, particularly in the south, to help inform policymakers and orient disease control efforts.
(Dis)amenities as they relate to life and work in rural areas: a field survey through collaborative mapping
Authors: Bobovnik Nejc , Potočnik Slavič Irma
Published: December 2019

Our research focused on the spatial distribution of amenity and disamenity attributes affecting living and working conditions in a demographically and economically dynamic rural area with good transport connections. In this article, the concept of amenity is defined as the quality(-ies)/characteristics of a rural place that make it appealing for people to reside and work in, not only in terms of quantitative aspects but also dependent on individuals’ perceptions. We tested detecting such (dis)amenity attributes in Dežela (the north-western part of the Ljubljana Basin) with two target groups – geography students and local residents, while also comparing the results obtained via classical fieldwork and through collaborative mapping. We found that the responses of geography students and local residents in the study area were generally consistent both in terms of content and location. It would be sensible to take these results into consideration during the preparation of development documents (local development strategy, tourism development strategy). Use of collaborative mapping methods, along with diligent planning and clearly defined goals, enabled us to simplify the data collection process and involve younger portions of the population, who generally are not sufficiently engaged in planning processes.
Geography in Europe and Slovenia at the time of great discoveries
Authors: Ogrin Darko
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the development of European and Slovenian geography at the time of the great geographical discoveries between the 15th and the end of the 18th century. During this period geographical horizons were remarkably widened, and a huge amount of information about the world was gathered which prompted the need for new ways of processing and displaying the knowledge of the Earth’s surface. During this time, the number of cartographic, horographic and topographic illustrations of today’s Slovenian territory increased. Some personages who contributed to the progress of European science and to better knowledge of the world lived in Slovenia or originated from this territory.
Kazimierz Łaski's Lectures in Macroeconomics under financial capitalism
Authors: Osiatyński Jerzy
Published: December 2019

The paper summarizes the discussion among Łaski's inner circle regarding the relevance of Kaleckian treatment of money under financial capitalism. The context of that debate was the project of a joint textbook in macroeconomics, the building blocks of which would be Kalecki's theory, and which would take into account the present-day financialization. With Łaski's death the opportunity of doing the project was gone. Of the two closely interlinked questions under debate, the first dealt with permissible simplifications regarding determinants of money supply and interest rates, and the second with how to extend Kaleckian theory to link the real economy sector more tightly with its financial sector. The paper argues that for an introductory textbook in macroeconomics Kalecki's and Łaski's simplifications are legitimate. On the second issue the paper finds the introduction of two financial subsectors and the discussion of their interlinks with the real economy sector to be an important and possible way of investigating macroeconomic crises and instability within the Kaleckian macroeconomic framework. Another way would be the expansion and modification of Kalecki's investment decision function, which would continue to generate an automatic business cycle due to changes in fixed capital investment but also in combination with factors determining financial investment.
Hospitalized patients with heart failure: the impact of anxiety, fatigue, and therapy adherence on quality of life
Authors: Polikandrioti Maria , Koutelekos Ioannis , Panoutsopoulos George , Gerogianni Georgia , Zartaloudi Afroditi , Dousis Evangelos , Babatsikou Fotoula , Toulia Georgia
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Heart failure (HF) is a major global health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life (QoL). The aim of the study was to assess the impact of anxiety, fatigue and adherence to therapeutic guidelines on HF patients’ QoL.

Material and methods

A hundred and twenty hospitalized HF patients were enrolled in the study. Data collection was performed by completion of the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), the Greek version of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS-Greek), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and a questionnaire that measured adherence to therapeutic guidelines.

Results

Data analysis showed moderate levels of anxiety and high levels of adherence to therapeutic guidelines as well as moderate to large effects of HF on patients’ fatigue and QoL. A statistically significant positive linear association was observed between anxiety and QoL (rho > 0.6) as well as fatigue and QoL (rho > 0.3). An increase in the anxiety or fatigue score indicated an increase also in the QoL score, meaning that the more anxiety and fatigue a patient felt the worse the QoL also was. Moreover, a statistically significant negative linear association was observed between adherence to therapeutic guidelines and QoL (rho < –0.2). An increase in adherence score indicated a decrease in QoL score, meaning that the more adherent a patient was the better was the QoL.

Conclusions

The present findings suggest that QoL may be improved when adherence to therapy is increased and fatigue and anxiety are alleviated.
miRNA-19a exerts an anti-apoptotic effect in spinal cord injured rats via the PTEN pathway
Authors: Chen Lu , Li Xing , Zhu Jianping , Xu Binwu , Gu Yurong
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Contusion spinal cord injury is involved in a number of cellular, biochemical and molecular changes. We studied the overall expression pattern of miRNAs on day 1 and 3 after spinal cord injury and the involved pathways.

Material and methods

A spinal cord injury model was developed by contusion injury in rats. Microarray analysis and qRT-PCR were done for expression of miRs. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor score was determined after spinal injury. Lesions at the injured site were analyzed by cresyl staining. Western blot analysis was carried out to analyze protein levels. Immunohistochemical staining was done to evaluate immunoreactivity. TUNEL assay was performed to determine the number of apoptotic cells.

Results

The microarray analysis data suggested that about eight miRs were upregulated whereas four were downregulated in rats subjected to spinal cord injury on day 1. On comparing sham operated rats from the day 3 group two miRs were overexpressed and four were downregulated. miR-19a was the most deregulated. miR-19a antagomir was used as an inhibitor, which aggravated the functional deficit, decreased the protection of spinal cord tissue and elevated the number of apoptotic cells. The treatment of miR-19a antagomir increased the expression of FasL along with PTEN, but it failed to affect the levels of PDCD4.

Conclusions

The results suggested that miR-19a plays a potential role in halting the neuronal cell death spinal cord injury and that the protective role of miR-19a may be due to its regulatory effect on pro-apoptotic genes.
The accuracy of 3T magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in suspected choledocholithiasis
Authors: Yeniçeri Önder , Çullu Neşat , Özşeker Burak , Yeniçeri Emine Neşe
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate interobserver agreement during magnetic resonance cholangio­pancreatography (MRCP) evaluation and the sensitivity and specificity of MRCP obtained with 3T scanners in cases of bile duct obstruction.

Material and methods

A total of 37 patients who had MRCP and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) were included. Choledochal pathology was divided into two groups regarding the presence of stones as “there is stone or not”. MRCPs were performed with a 3-Tesla system using respiratory triggered HASTE technique in axial and coronal planes and with T2 SPACE sequence in the coronal plane. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated separately for each observer. The average of both observers was calculated for comparison with other studies.

Results

Thirty-seven patients were in the study population. Agreement between the observers was analysed, and Cohen’s κ value was evaluated as 0.84. For two observers, the sensitivity of MRCP was 93%, whereas the specificity was 75% for the first observer and 62% for the second.

Conclusions

In this study we found a high level of interobserver agreement in evaluating MRCP. MRCP has a high sensitivity in detecting choledocholithiasis.
Correlation of acromial morphology in association with rotator cuff tear: a retrospective study
Authors: Kaur Rashmeet , Dahuja Anshul , Garg Simmi , Bansal Kapil , Garg Radhe S. , Singh Paramdeep
Published: December 2019

Purpose

There have been many studies that have attempted to correlate radiographic acromial characteristics with rotator cuff tears, but the results have not been conclusive. Rotator cuff tears (RCT) are the common aetiology of shoulder pain. We assessed the association of rotator cuff tears with commonly used radiographic parameters of acromial morphology and their different radiographic characteristics.

Material and methods

From a retrospective study of 98 patients, we characterised acromial type and measured acromial thickness (AT), critical shoulder angle (CSA), lateral acromial angle (LAA), acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and acromion index (AI) on a 1.5T MRI, from 68 patients with partial or full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tears and 30 controls without tears.

Results

Out the 68 patients with rotator cuff tear, supraspinatus was the most commonly affected tendon, with 86% (59) cases showing abnormalities. The average age of the patients was 45.11 ± 21.45 years with male dominance (80%). Partial tears of rotator cuff were more common than complete tears. Forty-eight cases showed partial tears in supraspinatus as compared to 11 cases of complete tears. The acromial type did not show any correlation with any particular cuff lesion. The AT and AI of controls were significantly smaller than cuff-tear patients. The LAA of cuff-tear patients was significantly different from that of control patients. The impingement patients demonstrated a significantly greater acromial thickness, larger CSA, decreased AHD, and decreased LAA than their control counterparts.

Conclusions

A higher prevalence of rotator cuff tears and impingement associated with low lateral acromial angle, larger CSA and decreased AHD was observed. AT and AI have a direct correlation with rotator cuff tear.
Impact of convectively lofted ice on the seasonal cycle of water vapor in the tropical tropopause layer
Authors: Wang Xun , Dessler Andrew E. , Schoeberl Mark R. , Yu Wandi , Wang Tao
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We use a forward Lagrangian trajectory model to diagnose
mechanisms that produce the water vapor seasonal cycle observed by the Microwave
Limb Sounder (MLS) and reproduced by the Goddard Earth Observing System
Chemistry-Climate Model (GEOSCCM) in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). We
confirm in both the MLS and GEOSCCM that the seasonal cycle of water vapor
entering the stratosphere is primarily determined by the seasonal cycle of
TTL temperatures. However, we find that the seasonal cycle of temperature
predicts a smaller seasonal cycle of TTL water vapor between 10 and 40∘ N than observed by MLS or simulated by the GEOSCCM. Our
analysis of the GEOSCCM shows that including evaporation of convective ice
in the trajectory model increases both the simulated maximum value of the
100 hPa 10–40∘ N water vapor seasonal cycle and the seasonal-cycle amplitude. We conclude that the moistening
effect from convective ice evaporation in the TTL plays a key role
in regulating and maintaining the seasonal cycle of water vapor in the TTL. Most of
the convective moistening in the 10–40∘ N range comes
from convective ice evaporation occurring at the same latitudes. A small
contribution to the moistening comes from convective ice evaporation
occurring between 10∘ S and 10∘ N. Within the 10–40∘ N band, the Asian monsoon region is the most important
region for convective moistening by ice evaporation during boreal summer and
autumn.
Characterizing sources of high surface ozone events in the southwestern U.S. with intensive field measurements and two global models
Authors: Zhang Li , Lin Meiyun , Langford Andrew O. , Horowitz Larry W. , Senff Christoph J. , Klovenski Elizabeth , Wang Yuxuan , Alvarez II Raul J. , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Cullis Patrick , Sterling Chance W. , Peischl Jeff , Ryerson Thomas B. , Brown Steven S. , Decker Zachary C. J. , Kirgis Guillaume , Conley Stephen
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The detection and attribution of high background ozone (O3) events in the southwestern U.S. is challenging but relevant to the effective implementation of the lowered National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS; 70 ppbv). Here we leverage intensive field measurements from the Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric TransportLas Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS) in MayJune 2017, alongside high-resolution simulations with two global models (GFDL-AM4 and GEOS-Chem), to pinpoint the sources of O3 during high-O3 events. We show stratospheric influence on four out of the ten events with daily maximum 8-hour average (MDA8) surface O3 above 65 ppbv in the greater Las Vegas region. While O3 produced from regional anthropogenic emissions dominates pollution in the Las Vegas Valley, stratospheric intrusions can mix with regional pollution to push surface O3 above 70 ppbv. GFDL-AM4 captures the key characteristics of deep stratospheric intrusions consistent with ozonesondes, lidar profiles, and co-located measurements of O3, CO, and water vapor at Angel Peak, whereas GEOS-Chem has difficulty simulating the observed features and underestimates observed O3 by ~ 20 ppbv at the surface. The two models also differ substantially during a wildfire event, with GEOS-Chem estimating ~ 15 ppbv greater O3, in better agreement with lidar observations. At the surface, the two models bracket the observed MDA8 O3 values during the wildfire event. Both models capture the large-scale transport of Asian pollution, but neither resolves some fine-scale pollution plumes, as evidenced from aerosol backscatter, aircraft, and satellite measurements. U.S. background O3 estimates from the two models differ by 5 ppbv on average and up to 15 ppbv episodically. Our multi-model approach tied closely to observational analysis yields process insights, suggesting that elevated background O3 may pose challenges to achieving a potentially lower NAAQS level (e.g., 65 ppbv) in the southwestern U.S.
A note on the statistical evidence for an influence of geomagnetic activity on JRA-55 northern hemisphere seasonal-mean stratospheric temperatures
Authors: Tartaglione Nazario , Toniazzo Thomas , Orsolini Yvan , Otterå Odd Helge
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We employ JRA-55, a recent second-generation global reanalysis providing data of high-quality in the stratosphere, to examine whether a distinguishable effect of geomagnetic activity on northern hemisphere stratospheric temperatures can be detected. We focus on how the statistical significance of stratospheric temperature differences may be robustly assessed during years with high and low geomagnetic activity. Two problems must be overcome. The first is the temporal autocorrelation of the data, which is addressed with a correction of the t-statistics by means of the estimate of the number of independent values in the series of correlated values. The second is the problem of multiplicity due to strong spatial autocorrelations, which is addressed by means of a false discovery rate (FDR) procedure. We find that the statistical tests fail to formally reject the null hypothesis, i.e. no significant response to geomagnetic activity can be found in the seasonal-mean northern-hemisphere stratospheric temperature record.
Reaching 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global surface temperature targets using stratospheric aerosol geoengineering
Authors: Tilmes Simone , MacMartin Douglas E. , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , van Kampenhout Leo , Muntjewerf Laura , Xia Lili , Harrison Cheryl S. , Krumhardt Kristen M. , Mills Michael J. , Kravitz Ben , Robock Alan
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We propose new testbed model experiments for the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) that are designed to limit global warming to 1.5 °C or 2.0 °C above 1850–1900 conditions using stratospheric aerosol geoengineering (SAG). The new modeling experiments use the overshoot scenario defined in CMIP6 (SSP5-34-OS) as a baseline scenario and are designed to reduce side effects of SAG in reaching three temperature targets: global mean surface temperature, and inter-hemispheric and pole-to-equator surface temperature gradients. We further compare results to another SAG simulation using a high emission scenario (SSP5-85) as a baseline scenario in order to investigate the dependency of impacts using different injection amounts to offset different amounts of warming by SAG. The new testbed simulations are performed with the CESM2(WACCM6). We use a feedback algorithm that identifies the needed amount of sulfur dioxide injections in the stratosphere at four predefined latitudes, 30° N, 15° N, 15° S, and 30° S, to reach the three temperature targets. Here we analyze climate variables and quantities that matter for societal and ecosystem impacts. We find that changes from present day conditions (2015–2025) in some variables depend strongly on the defined temperature target (1.5 °C vs 2.0 °C). These include surface air temperature and related impacts, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which impacts ocean net primary productivity, and changes in ice sheet surface mass balance, which impacts sea-level rise. Others, including global precipitation changes and the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, depend strongly on the amount of SAG application. Furthermore, land net primary productivity as well as ocean acidification depend mostly on the global atmospheric CO2 concentration and therefore the baseline scenario. Multi-model comparisons of the experiments proposed here would help identify consequences of scenarios that include strong mitigation, carbon dioxide removal with some SAG application, on societal impacts and ecosystems.