bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conexiones culturales en los antecedentes de la obra arquitectónica
Authors: Comeras Serrano Angel B.
Published: January 2019

Durante seis cursos se han realizado prácticas experimentales relacionadas con el
arte donde los estudiantes de segundo curso de grado de arquitectura y distintos
artistas han tenido interacciones y papeles activos en su desarrollo, promoviendo
un aprendizaje en la construcción de un razonamiento crítico. Esta comunicación
recoge estas seis experiencias, su estructuración, análisis, importancia de los
procesos de desarrollo y resultados obtenidos. Se considera en estos inicios
proyectuales del grado de arquitectura un momento adecuado para introducir a los
estudiantes en el estudio y la experiencia de distintas formas de percepción, desde
la óptica de la transversalidad, que les abran nuevos caminos de exploración.

During six courses have been made experimental practices related to art where the
second year students of degree of architecture and various artists have had
interactions and active roles in its development, promoting learning in the
construction of a critical reasoning. This communication contains these six
experiences, their structuring, analysis, importance of the processes of development
and results. It is considered in these early design of the degree of architecture a right
time to introduce students to the study and experience of different forms of
perception, from the wiewpoint of transversality, which open them new paths of
exploration.
Aprendizaje colaborativo y multidisciplinar en el estudio del Patrimonio en Arquitectura.
Authors: Almonacid Canseco Rodrigo , Pérez Gil Javier
Published: January 2019

La presente comunicación pretende subrayar la necesidad de incorporar dinámicas de
aprendizaje colaborativo mediante la transversalidad y la multidisciplinareidad al estudio
del Patrimonio arquitectónico y urbanístico. Se expone una manera de afrontarlo
abordada desde 2014 hasta la actualidad en la ETSAV estructurada como un Proyecto
de Innovación Docente universitario. La mejora del aprendizaje entre los futuros
arquitectos se ha visto mejorada gracias a las aportaciones recibidas desde diferentes
ámbitos disciplinares convergentes en el tema del Patrimonio (geógrafos, arqueólogos,
urbanistas e historiadores, además de arquitectos), y a la puesta en práctica de múltiples
actividades compartidas con estudiantes de otras universidades enfocadas a resolver
problemáticas concretas del entorno regional en conexión directa con la ciudadanía local.
Uno de ellos, un seminario recientemente desarrollado en Grajal de Campos, se
expondrá como ejemplo de transversalidad e interdisciplinariedad en forma de taller
donde prima el aprendizaje colaborativo.

This current paper aims to put a stress on the need for incorporating collaborative
learning through transversal and multidisciplinary dynamics into the study of architectural
and urban Heritage. It will be shown how to face this question thanks to an Innovative
Teaching Project developed since 2014 until now at the ETSAV, entitled: “Innovation and
Transversality: Collaborative Learning Applied to the Architectural and Urban Heritage of
Castille and Leon”. The academic progress seen amongst the future architects has been
increased due to the contributions received from different disciplines that converge in
dealing with Heritage (geographers, archaeologists, urban planners and historians,
besides architects), and also to the implementation of some activities shared with other
undergraduate students coming from other universities focused on solving specific,
regional problems in direct connection with local residents. One of them, a workshop
recently developed in Grajal de Campos, will be explained as an example of transversal
and interdisciplinary work where collaborative learning is mainly applied.
Consideration of climate change effects in architectural education
Authors: Pesic Nikola
Published: January 2019

As the concerns for the environment and energy-efficiency (EE) emerged on the
world scale, teaching in the field of anthropogenic world climate change (CC)
effects became one of the key-components in contemporary educational programs.
This paper presents an architectural course, based on the building physics and
technology that applies two proposed techniques: climate change survey (CCS),
which is founded on managing weather data (WD) and identifying CC effects, and
the climate change response (CCR), which is a synthesis tool for the building
performance simulation (BPS) modelling process. Regarding the pedagogical
concept, the consideration should be given to the application of the proposed
advanced active teaching model (AATM), which incorporates the problem-based
learning (PBL), think-pair-share (TPS) and critical thinking (CT) methods. Using an
active teaching approach, the aim of the course is to build among students a
coherent multidisciplinary knowledge basis for use of CC analytical techniques in
architectural design (AD) process.
Indicios de calidad de una escuela emergente: de las hojas a la raíz
Authors: Ezquerra Isabel , García Pérez Sergio
Published: January 2019

Con motivo de la celebración de las VI Jornadas de Innovación Docente en Arquitectura en el marco del décimo aniversario de la titulación de Arquitectura en la Universidad de Zaragoza, esta comunicación plantea una reflexión sobre los indicios de calidad de esta Escuela emergente. Conocedores de la diversidad y complejidad de las aproximaciones en la evaluación de la calidad, esta propuesta plantea una mirada retrospectiva que parte, fundamentalmente, de la experiencia de los egresados y entiende la particularidad como hecho diferenciador de la calidad de una escuela. Esta aproximación es posible gracias a una cuidada obtención y tratamiento de datos, que han permitido obtener una cartografía temática que facilita, además, dibujar el árbol de la Escuela, desde sus raíces –docentes– a sus hojas –egresados–. Su desarrollo ha permitido volver la mirada sobre la trayectoria recorrida, sirviendo como punto de partida para futuras reflexiones que favorezcan la consolidación a largo plazo de esta Escuela emergente.

This year is taking place the celebration of the VI Conference of Teaching Innovation in Architecture in the framework of the tenth anniversary of the degree in Architecture at the University of Zaragoza. In this context, this communication presents a reflection on the quality indications of this emerging School. Knowing about the diversity and complexity of the approaches to quality evaluation, this proposal consists of a retrospective study that fundamentally focusses on the experience of this School’s graduates. We understand the particularity as a distinguishing feature of the quality of a school. This approach is possible through a careful collection and processing of data, which have made it possible to obtain a thematic cartography that also helps to draw the School tree, from its roots –teachers– to its leaves –graduates–. Its development makes it possible to look back, serving as a starting point for future reflections that favor the long-term consolidation of this emerging School.
Investigación sobre El Modelo
Authors: Soriano Pelaez Federico , Gil Lopesino Eva , Castillo Vinuesa Eduardo
Published: January 2019

El proyecto Investigación sobre El Modelo es una experiencia docente que
propone la actualización del trabajo en equipo en la asignatura de proyectos
arquitectónicos. Con este fin, se superponen al curso una serie de ejes de acción:
el modelo, el cliente, el prototipo y la negociación. Estas estrategias pedagógicas
permiten acercar la condiciones que el estudiante encontrará en el mundo laboral
y en un estudio de arquitectura contemporáneo, todo ello trabajando en un reto
común. La experiencia, desarrollada por el grupo de innovación educativa de la
ETSAM, Dispositivos Aglutinadores de Proyecto, responde a una realidad
profesional multiespecializada, colaborativa y compleja, alejada de los modelos
individualistas tradicionales. Para ello se entiende la Universidad como una
entidad capaz de afectar a su contexto y a su disciplina, el aula como un entorno
próximo donde amplificar el conocimiento entre pares, el grupo-clase como un
colectivo de investigación análogo al estudio profesional, y el conjunto alumnoprofesor
como un agente activo de aprendizaje.

Investigation on Model is a teaching experience that revisits and updates the
teamwork format within the Design Studio courses. To this end, we implement a
series of action items: the model, the client, the mock-up and the negotiation.
These learning strategies allow to simulate the real conditions our students would
find in the real world and in an architectural office nowadays, all of this working
towards a common goal. The experience, developed by the Teaching Innovation
Group from ETSAM, called “Agglutinative Design Devices”, deals with a reality
characterized by multi-skilled professional work, collaboration and complexity,
which is far away from traditional individual models. With this intention, the group
understands the University as an entity able to affect its context and its discipline,
the classroom as a close environment where knowledge between peers can be
amplified, the students as a research group akin to a professional office and the
ensemble student-Professor as a learning active agent.
Poesía en circulación. Estéticas politizadas entre exposición, documentación y lectura en el Cono Sur
Authors: Bachmann Pauline Medea
Published: January 2019

El ensayo analiza el desarrollo de las prácticas de poesía experimental como movimiento “transnacional” en la región del Cono Sur de Latinoamérica, tomando como base del mismo a los poetas/artistas Clemente Padín, Guillermo Deisler y Edgardo Antonio Vigo. Se realiza un enfoque genealógico que aborda momentos clave que van de la red “transnacional” de poetas, a la materialidad de la poesía experimental, y que determinan su carácter móvil. la práctica poética se encuentra en constante transformación, y ocupa así diferentes espacios –de exposición colección o documentación, y de lectura– que oscilan entre una recepción individual y una colectiva. La dimensión política de esta poesía opera tanto en el nivel temático como en el de la producción, como fuerza interna y externa a la vez.
Decision analysis to support wastewater management in coral reef priority area
Authors: Barnes Megan D , Goodell Whitney , Whittier Robert , Falinski Kim A , Callender Tova , Htun Hla , LeViol Cecilia , Slay Hudson , Oleson Kirsten L L
Published: January 2019

A cocktail of land-based sources of pollution threatens coral reef ecosystems, and addressing these has become a key management and policy challenge in Hawaiʻi, US and territories, and globally. In West Maui, Hawaiʻi, nearly one quarter of all living corals were lost between 1995-2008. Onsite disposal systems (OSDS) for sewage are common contaminants for drinking water sources and nearshore waters. In recognition of this risk, the Hawaiʻi State Department of Health (DOH) is prioritizing areas for cesspool upgrades. Independently, we applied a decision analysis process to identify priority areas to address sewage pollution from OSDS in West Maui, with the objective of reducing nearshore coral reef exposure to pollution. The decision science approach is relevant to a broader context of coastal areas both statewide and in coastal systems worldwide which are struggling with identifying pollution mitigation actions on limited budgets.
Beyond Late Development
Authors: Amsden Alice H. , Chu Wan-Wen
Published: January 2019

A study of how latecomers catch up in high-tech industries and modern services, based on an in-depth analysis of Taiwan's premier enterprises and government policies.

In this book Alice Amsden and Wan-wen Chu cover new ground by analyzing the phenomenon of high-end catch-up. They study how leading firms from the most advanced latecomer countries like Taiwan have increased their market share in mature high-tech industries and services.

The profits that true innovators in these industries once enjoyed have already declined, but profit rates are still above average. The latecomer firm that succeeds in capturing these rents earns "second-mover" advantage. Amsden and Chu examine the successful second movers in electronics and modern services. The critical factors, they show, are the government policies and large-scale firms that drive skills, speed, and scale. R&D in Taiwan was usually undertaken in conjunction with government labs, which prepared the way for local production of the next hot, mature product. Speed in ramping up at the firm level depended on project execution capabilities and access to capital. Scale proved to be an absolute entry requirement in modern service sectors, and was crucial to win subcontracts from leading foreign firms and to secure key components from world-class suppliers in the electronics industry.

The authors challenge current orthodoxy along two lines. First, they argue that government played an important role through interventions that went beyond the market model and overcame the limitations of networking. Interventions possibly promoted mature high-tech even more than mid-tech. Second, the entrepreneurs in Taiwan were nationally owned large-scale firms rather than multinational companies.
Fast Oscillations in Cortical Circuits
Authors: Traub Roger D. , Whittington Miles A. , Jefferys John G. R.
Published: January 2019

The study of cortical oscillations is of great interest to those working in many areas of neuroscience. A fast coherent EEG rhythm called gamma or "40 Hz" has been implicated in cognition, as it may play a role in binding together features of objects. This rhythm may also be important for consciousness, as a number of drugs that induce general anesthesia disrupt the synchronization of the rhythm at clinically relevant concentrations. There is also suggestive evidence implicating dysfunction of gamma rhythms in Alzheimer's disease, and perhaps in other neuropsychiatric disorders.

In Fast Oscillations in Cortical Circuits, the authors use a combination of electrophysiological and computer modeling techniques to analyze how large networks of neurons can produce both epileptic seizures and functionally relevant synchronized oscillations. Specific topics covered include single hippocampal pyramid cells, hippocampal interneurons, synaptic interactions, gamma oscillations in brain slices as well as in vivo, the mechanisms of oscillation-synchronization (both local and long-range), the switch from gamma to beta frequencies and its implications for memory, and the significance of gamma oscillations for brain function.

Bradford Books imprint
Money, Exchange Rates, and Output
Authors: Calvo Guillermo A.
Published: January 2019

Guillermo Calvo, who foresaw the financial crisis that followed the devaluation of Mexico's peso, has spent much of his career thinking beyond the conventional wisdom. In a quiet and understated way, Calvo has made seminal contributions to several major research areas in macroeconomics, particularly monetary policy, exchange rates, public debt, and stabilization in Latin America and post-communist countries. Money, Exchange Rates, and Output brings together these contributions in a broad selection of the author's work over the past two decades. There are introductions to each section, and an introduction to the entire collection that outlines the connections throughout and surveys the current state of macroeconomic theory. Calvo, an advocate of the "Chicago school" of rational expectations, uses elements of this approach to understand economic development. While he is a top macroeconomics theorist, his models are always intertwined with policy discussion. He pushes readers to combine knowledge of real world facts—of institutions, traditions, and culture, in addition to statistics - with theory. One focus of this collection is on the role of credibility in policy-making. Calvo analyzes the origins and macroeconomic consequences of credibility problems. He also shows how monetary and trade theory can fail when the public does not fully believe in policy announcements. A second focus is on equilibrium multiplicity. Calvo uses models with multiple equilibria to identify factors that cause anomalous behavior. He discusses multiple equilibria in abstract terms as well as in terms of its relevance to understanding domestic public debt. Specific issues covered are predetermined exchange rates, currency substitution, domestic public debt and seigniorage, and stabilizing transition economies.
Open Moral Communities
Authors: Mandelbaum Seymour J.
Published: January 2019

Seymour Mandelbaum's extended reflection on communities and the myths that sustain them is a plea for a communitarian sensibility. Communities are critically important in maintaining and adapting public moral orders.

Seymour Mandelbaum's extended reflection on communities and the myths that sustain them is a plea for a communitarian sensibility. Communities are critically important in maintaining and adapting public moral orders. To do so, they must recruit, socialize, and discipline members; distinguish between members and strangers; collect resources; and cultivate a domain of competence. The communitarian sensibility is a disposition to assess the impact of innovative opportunities and compelling moral claims on the design, repair, and dissolution of communities and communal fields with a healthy skepticism about unlikely strategies. The book is divided into three parts. The first part sets out the role of communities in the creation of moral orders and discusses the implications of three prevalent myths about community. The second part discusses six terms—theory, story, time, city, tool, and plan—that figure prominently in both professional and lay constructions of public orders. The third part presents two cases in which ambiguous moral claims for redemption and justice challenge the pluralism of the open myth. One concerns exclusionary zoning in New Jersey, the other the 1985 attack on the MOVE compound in West Philadelphia. Mandelbaum's blending of moral philosophy and concrete examples concludes with an account of citizenship in liberal republics.
A Programmer's Guide to ZPL
Authors: Snyder Lawrence
Published: January 2019

This guide illustrates typical ZPL usage and explains in an intuitive manner how the constructs work. The emphasis is on teaching the reader to be a ZPL programmer. Scientific computations are used as examples throughout

ZPL is a new array programming language for science and engineering computation. Designed for fast execution on both sequential and parallel computers, it is intended to replace languages such as Fortran and C. Because ZPL benefits from recent research in parallel compilation, it provides a convenient high-level programming medium for supercomputers with efficiency comparable to hand-coded message-passing programs. Users with scientific computing experience can usually learn ZPL in a few hours, and those who have used MATLAB or Fortran 90 may already be acquainted with the array programming style.This guide provides a complete introduction to ZPL. It assumes that the reader is experienced with an imperative language such as C, Fortran, or Pascal. Though thorough and precise, it does not attempt to be a ZPL reference manual. Rather, it illustrates typical ZPL usage and explains in an intuitive manner how the constructs work. The emphasis is on teaching the reader to be a ZPL programmer. Scientific computations are used as examples throughout.
Rediscovering Empathy
Authors: Stueber Karsten
Published: January 2019

Empathy as epistemically central for our folk psychological understanding of other minds; a rehabilitation of the empathy thesis in light of contemporary philosophy of mind.

In this timely and wide-ranging study, Karsten Stueber argues that empathy is epistemically central for our folk-psychological understanding of other agents—that it is something we cannot do without in order to gain understanding of other minds. Setting his argument in the context of contemporary philosophy of mind and the interdisciplinary debate about the nature of our mindreading abilities, Stueber counters objections raised by some in the philosophy of social science and argues that it is time to rehabilitate the empathy thesis. Empathy, regarded at the beginning of the twentieth century as the fundamental method of gaining knowledge of other minds, has suffered a century of philosophical neglect. Stueber addresses the plausible philosophical misgivings about empathy that have been responsible for its failure to gain widespread philosophical acceptance. Crucial in this context is his defense of the assumption, very much contested in contemporary philosophy of mind, that the notion of rational agency is at the core of folk psychology. Stueber then discusses the contemporary debate between simulation theorists—who defend various forms of the empathy thesis—and theory theorists. In distinguishing between basic and reenactive empathy, he provides a new interpretive framework for the investigation into our mindreading capacities. Finally, he considers epistemic objections to empathy raised by the philosophy of social science that have been insufficiently discussed in contemporary debates. Empathy theorists, Stueber writes, should be prepared to admit that, although empathy can be regarded as the central default mode for understanding other agents, there are certain limitations in its ability to make sense of other agents; and there are supplemental theoretical strategies available to overcome these limitations.

Bradford Books imprint
Waste Trading among Rich Nations
Authors: O'Neill Kate
Published: January 2019

When most people think of hazardous waste trading, they think of egregious dumping by U.S. and European firms on poor countries in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. But over 80 percent of the waste trade takes place between industrialized nations and is legal by domestic and international standards. In Waste Trading among Rich Nations, Kate O'Neill asks why some industrialized nations voluntarily import such wastes in the absence of pressing economic need. She focuses on Britain as an importer and Germany as an exporter and also looks at France, Australia, and Japan. According to O'Neill, most important in determining whether an industrialized democracy imports waste are two aspects of its regulatory system. The first is the structure of the regulatory process—how powers and responsibilities are allocated among different agencies and levels of government—and the structure of the hazardous waste disposal industry. The second is what O'Neill calls the "style" of environmental regulation, in particular access to the policy process and mode of implementation. Hazardous waste management is in crisis in most industrialized countries and is becoming increasingly controversial in international negotiations. O'Neill not only examines waste trading empirically but also develops a theoretical model of comparative regulation that can be used to establish links between domestic and international environmental politics.
In-Game
Authors: Calleja Gordon
Published: January 2019

An investigation of what makes digital games engaging to players and a reexamination of the concept of immersion.

Digital games offer a vast range of engaging experiences, from the serene exploration of beautifully rendered landscapes to the deeply cognitive challenges presented by strategic simulations to the adrenaline rush of competitive team-based shoot-outs. Digital games enable experiences that are considerably different from a reader's engagement with literature or a moviegoer's experience of a movie. In In-Game, Gordon Calleja examines what exactly it is that makes digital games so uniquely involving and offers a new, more precise, and game-specific formulation of this involvement. One of the most commonly yet vaguely deployed concepts in the industry and academia alike is immersion—a player's sensation of inhabiting the space represented onscreen. Overuse of this term has diminished its analytical value and confused its meaning, both in analysis and design. Rather than conceiving of immersion as a single experience, Calleja views it as blending different experiential phenomena afforded by involving gameplay. He proposes a framework (based on qualitative research) to describe these phenomena: the player involvement model. This model encompasses two constituent temporal phases—the macro, representing offline involvement, and the micro, representing moment-to-moment involvement during gameplay—as well as six dimensions of player involvement: kinesthetic, spatial, shared, narrative, affective, and ludic. The intensified and internalized experiential blend can culminate in incorporation—a concept that Calleja proposes as an alternative to the problematic immersion. Incorporation, he argues, is a more accurate metaphor, providing a robust foundation for future research and design.
Structural and Functional Aberrations of the Auditory Brainstem in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Smith Amanda , Storti Samantha , Lukose Richard , Kulesza Jr Randy J.
Published: January 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with difficulties in the social, communicative, and behavioral domains. Most cases of ASD arise from an unknown etiologic process, but there are numerous risk factors, including comorbidities and maternal exposures. Although it is not part of the diagnostic criteria, hearing difficulties ranging from deafness to hyperacusis are present in the majority of persons with ASD. High-functioning children with ASD have been found to have significantly slower and asymmetric auditory brainstem reflexes. Additionally, histopathological studies of postmortem brainstems in decedents who had ASD have consistently revealed significantly fewer neurons in auditory nuclei compared with those in people who did not have ASD. The authors review the literature implicating auditory dysfunction in ASD along with results from human study participants and postmortem human brain tissue. Together, these results implicate significant structural and functional abnormalities in the auditory brainstem in ASD and support the utility of auditory testing to screen for ASD.
Amelioration of drought effects in wheat and cucumber by the combined application of super absorbent polymer and potential biofertilizer
Authors: Li Yongbin , Shi Haowen , Zhang Haowei , Chen Sanfeng
Published: January 2019

Biofertilizer is a good substitute for chemical fertilizer in sustainable agriculture, but its effects are often hindered by drought stress. Super absorbent polymer (SAP), showing good capacity of water absorption and retention, can increase soil moisture. However, limited information is available about the efficiency of biofertilizer amended with SAP. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of synergistic application of SAP and biofertilizers (Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18 and Bacillus sp. L-56) on plant growth, including wheat and cucumber. Potted soil was treated with different fertilizer combinations (SAP, BJ-18 biofertilizer, L-56 biofertilizer, BJ-18 + SAP, L-56 + SAP), and pot experiment was carried out to explore its effects on viability of inoculants, seed germination rate, plant physiological and biochemical parameters, and expression pattern of stress-related genes under drought condition. At day 29 after sowing, the highest viability of strain P. beijingensis BJ-18 (264 copies ng−1 gDNA) was observed in BJ-18 + SAP treatment group of wheat rhizosphere soil, while that of strain Bacillus sp. L-56 (331 copies ng−1 gDNA) was observed in the L-56 + SAP treatment group of cucumber rhizosphere soil. In addition, both biofertilizers amended with SAP could promote germination rate of seeds (wheat and cucumber), plant growth, soil fertility (urease, sucrose, and dehydrogenase activities). Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that biofertilizer + SAP significantly down-regulated the expression levels of genes involved in ROS scavenging (TaCAT, CsCAT, TaAPX, and CsAPX2), ethylene biosynthesis (TaACO2, CsACO1, and CsACS1), stress response (TaDHN3, TaLEA, and CsLEA11), salicylic acid (TaPR1-1a and CsPR1-1a), and transcription activation (TaNAC2D and CsNAC35) in plants under drought stress. These results suggest that SAP addition in biofertilizer is a good tactic for enhancing the efficiency of biofertilizer, which is beneficial for plants in response to drought stress. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the effect of synergistic use of biofertilizer and SAP on plant growth under drought stress.
Ocean acidification alters morphology of all otolith types in Clark’s anemonefish (Amphiprion clarkii)
Authors: Holmberg Robert J. , Wilcox-Freeburg Eric , Rhyne Andrew L. , Tlusty Michael F. , Stebbins Alan , Nye Jr. Steven W. , Honig Aaron , Johnston Amy E. , San Antonio Christine M. , Bourque Bradford , Hannigan Robyn E.
Published: January 2019

Ocean acidification, the ongoing decline of surface ocean pH and [CO${}_{3}^{2-}$] due to absorption of surplus atmospheric CO2, has far-reaching consequences for marine biota, especially calcifiers. Among these are teleost fishes, which internally calcify otoliths, critical elements of the inner ear and vestibular system. There is evidence in the literature that ocean acidification increases otolith size and alters shape, perhaps impacting otic mechanics and thus sensory perception. Here, larval Clark’s anemonefish, Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830), were reared in various seawater pCO2/pH treatments analogous to future ocean scenarios. At the onset of metamorphosis, all otoliths were removed from each individual fish and analyzed for treatment effects on morphometrics including area, perimeter, and circularity; scanning electron microscopy was used to screen for evidence of treatment effects on lateral development, surface roughness, and vaterite replacement. The results corroborate those of other experiments with other taxa that observed otolith growth with elevated pCO2, and provide evidence that lateral development and surface roughness increased as well. Both sagittae exhibited increasing area, perimeter, lateral development, and roughness; left lapilli exhibited increasing area and perimeter while right lapilli exhibited increasing lateral development and roughness; and left asterisci exhibited increasing perimeter, roughness, and ellipticity with increasing pCO2. Right lapilli and left asterisci were only impacted by the most extreme pCO2 treatment, suggesting they are resilient to any conditions short of aragonite undersaturation, while all other impacted otoliths responded to lower concentrations. Finally, fish settlement competency at 10 dph was dramatically reduced, and fish standard length marginally reduced with increasing pCO2. Increasing abnormality and asymmetry of otoliths may impact inner ear function by altering otolith-maculae interactions.
A public database for the new MLST scheme for Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum: surveillance and epidemiology of the causative agent of syphilis
Authors: Grillova Linda , Jolley Keith , Šmajs David , Picardeau Mathieu
Published: January 2019

Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum is the causative agent of syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease with worldwide prevalence. Several different molecular typing schemes are currently available for this pathogen. To enable population biology studies of the syphilis agent and for epidemiological surveillance at the global scale, a harmonized typing tool needs to be introduced. Recently, we published a new multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) with the potential to significantly enhance the epidemiological data in several aspects (e.g., distinguishing genetically different clades of syphilis, subtyping inside these clades, and finally, distinguishing different subspecies of non-cultivable pathogenic treponemes). In this short report, we introduce the PubMLST database for treponemal DNA data storage and for assignments of allelic profiles and sequencing types. Moreover, we have summarized epidemiological data of all treponemal strains (n = 358) with available DNA sequences in typing loci and found several association between genetic groups and characteristics of patients. This study proposes the establishment of a single MLST of T. p. pallidum and encourages researchers and public health communities to use this PubMLST database as a universal tool for molecular typing studies of the syphilis pathogen.
Intestinal parasitic infection alters bacterial gut microbiota in children
Authors: Toro-Londono Miguel A. , Bedoya-Urrego Katherine , Garcia-Montoya Gisela M. , Galvan-Diaz Ana L. , Alzate Juan F.
Published: January 2019

The study of the burden that parasites can exert upon the bacterial gut microbiota was restricted by the available technologies and their costs. Currently, next-generation sequencing coupled with traditional methodologies allows the study of eukaryotic parasites (protozoa and helminths) and its effects on the human bacterial gut microbiota diversity. This diversity can be altered by a variety of factors such as age, diet, genetics and parasitic infections among others. The disturbances of the gut microbiota have been associated with a variety of illnesses. Children population in developing countries, are especially susceptible to parasitic infections because of the lack of proper sanitation and undernutrition, allowing both, the thriving of intestinal parasites and profound alteration of the gut microbiota. In this work, we have sampled the stool of 23 children from four different children’s care-centers in Medellin, Colombia, and we have identified the eukaryotic parasites by traditional and molecular methodologies coupled with microbial profiling using 16S rDNA sequencing. This mixed methodology approach has allowed us to establish an interesting relationship betweenGiardia intestinalisand helminth infection, having both effects upon the bacterial gut microbiota enterotypes, causing a switch from a type I to a type II enterotype upon infection.
Rethinking Developmentally Appropriate Concept in Indonesian Picture Bible Story Book
Authors: Primasanti Kartika Bayu , Yoanita Desi
Published: January 2019

In Christian education, inheriting faith values to children since a young age was a pivotal responsibility for parents, the church, and Christian education institutions. According to a previous study, inheriting these values was applied through the tradition of reading illustrated Bible together with parents. In this study, illustrated Bible was not the Bible. It was illustrated literature that contained Bible stories. Using the perspective of Developmentally-Appropriate, the researchers elaborated how illustrated Bible in the marketplace had or had not used the developmentally appropriate concept for young children. This research would be a reference to design illustrated Bible for young children, in the form of printed book or application, and a reference for parents and educators to choose an illustrated children Bible which was appropriate for a child’s age, and for publishers to give age label for children Bible products.
Molecules and functions of aesculus chinensis bunge bark volatiles
Authors: Li Zuming
Published: January 2019

This paper analyzes the organic solvent extracts of Aesculus chinensis Bunge Bark using TG and Py-GC-MS. The pyrolysis products were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the extracts of Aesculus chinensis Bunge Bark contain a large number of biologically active components, including hydrocarbons, acids, ethers, alcohols, and phenols. The main components in the extract of Aesculus chinensis Bunge Bark are healthy and abundant; the main representatives of the active ingredients are Scopoletin Vanillin, Eugeno, Pyridine, p-Cresol, Indoles, Maltol and Furfural. There are potential applications in bioenergy, biopharmaceuticals, cosmetics, skin care products, and spices.
Physicochemical, nutritional and microbiological characteristics of traditional table olives from Southern Portugal
Authors: Patrícia Nunes, Célia Quintas Paula Pires-Cabral, Tânia Barros,
Published: January 2019

Table olives (Olea europaea) are an important fermented product of the Mediterranean diet food pattern and Portugal is one of the biggest producers in Europe. Three different cultivars produced traditionally in Southern Portugal were studied, Maçanilha Algarvia, Cobrançosa and Galega, which were all processed through natural fermentations, although prepared differently. Maçanilha green were cracked, Cobrançosa turning color split, and Galega black prepared as a whole. At the end of the fermentation, the microbiological, physicochemical and nutritional characteristics were studied following standard methodologies. All the fruits showed a good pulp/stone ratio, confirming their aptitude to produce table olives, though their color and texture were statistically different. The three table olives showed suitable acidity and pH values, in addition to a high water content, followed by fat, low-sugar content and fairly low dietary fiber, resulting in a valuable energy food product. Nutritionally, the olives were not significantly different, however Galega had the highest total phenolic content. Statistical differences were observed among their fatty acid composition, with Galega and Maçanilha having the highest oleic and linoleic contents, respectively. The mesophilic microorganisms, the fungi and the LAB were 5.3, 4.7, 4.0 Log CFU/g, 5.9, 5.0, 4.4 Log CFU/g and 5.6, 3.7, 3.7 Log CFU/g for Maçanilha, Cobrançosa and Galega, respectively. No E. coli, staphylococci, Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes were detected in the samples.  The table olives studied revealed an excellent microbial quality and are a good source of phenolics and total unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic and oleic acids.
Risk factors for respiratory failure in Guillain‐Barré syndrome in Bangladesh: a prospective study
Authors: Islam Zhahirul , Papri Nowshin , Ara Gulshan , Ishaque Tanveen , Alam Arafat U. , Jahan Israt , Islam Badrul , Mohammad Quazi D.
Published: January 2019

Objective

We investigated clinical, biological, and electrophysiological risk factors for mechanical ventilation (MV) and patient outcomes in Bangladesh using one of the largest, prospective Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) cohorts in developing world.

Methods

A total of 693 GBS patients were included in two GBS studies conducted between 2006 and 2016 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Associations between baseline characteristics and MV were tested using Fisher's exact test, χ2 test, or Mann–Whitney U‐test, as appropriate. Risk factors for MV were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier method; comparisons between groups performed using log‐rank test.

Results

Of 693 patients, 155 (23%) required MV (median age, 26 years; interquartile range [IQR] 17–40). Among the ventilated patients, males were predominant (68%) than females. The most significant risk factor for MV was bulbar involvement (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:19.07; 95% CI = 89.00–192.57, P = 0.012). Other independently associated factors included dysautonomia (AOR:4.88; 95% CI = 1.49–15.98, P = 0.009) and severe muscle weakness at study entry (AOR:6.12; 95% CI = 0.64–58.57, P = 0.048). At 6 months after disease onset, 20% of ventilated and 52% of non‐ventilated patients (P < 0.001) had recovered completely or with minor symptoms. Mortality rate was significantly higher among ventilated patients than non‐ventilated patients (41% vs. 7%, P < 0.001).

Interpretation

Bulbar involvement, dysautonomia and severe muscle weakness were identified as the most important risk factors for MV among GBS patients from Bangladesh. The findings may help to develop predictive models for MV in GBS in developing countries to identify impending respiratory failure and proper clinical management of GBS patients.
High‐Energy Asymmetric Supercapacitor Yarns for Self‐Charging Power Textiles
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Cong Zifeng , Pu Xiong , Guo Wenbin , Liu Ting , Li Meng , Zhang Yang , Hu Weiguo , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: January 2019

Rapid growth of electronic textile increases the demand for textile‐based power sources, which should have comparable lightweight, flexibility, and comfort. In this work, a self‐charging power textile interwoven by all‐yarn‐based energy‐harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) and energy‐storing yarn‐type asymmetric supercapacitors (Y‐ASC) is reported. Common polyester yarns with conformal Ni/Cu coating are utilized as 1D current collectors in Y‐ASCs and electrodes in TENGs. The solid‐state Y‐ASC achieves high areal energy density (≈78.1 µWh cm−2), high power density (14 mW cm−2), stable cycling performance (82.7% for 5000 cycles), and excellent flexibility (1000 cycles bending for 180°). The TENG yarn can be woven into common fabrics with desired stylish designs to harvest energy from human daily motions at high output (≈60 V open‐circuit voltage and ≈3 µA short‐circuit current). The integrated self‐charging power textile is demonstrated to power an electronic watch without extra recharging by other power sources, suggesting its promising applications in electronic textiles and wearable electronics.
Silk Protein Bioresorbable, Drug‐Eluting Ear Tubes: Proof‐of‐Concept
Authors: Bradner Sarah A. , Galaiya Deepa , Raol Nikhila , Kaplan David L. , Hartnick Chistopher J.
Published: January 2019

Otitis media with effusion (OEM) is a common pediatric pathology treated with topical fluoroquinolones (ear drops) and tympanoplasty tube, also referred to as ear tube, implantation for middle ear drainage. Commercially available ear tubes are fabricated using poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) synthetic materials that are associated with long‐complications due to premature extrusion. Resorbable materials have emerged as desirable alternatives to reduce extrusion‐related complications, but often limited by fast resorption rates. Therefore, resorbable tubes with long‐term functional integrity are required for future clinical translation. In this communication, a proof‐of‐concept study is reported on a bioresorbable and drug‐eluting silk ear tube device. Preliminary in vitro assessments reveal time‐dependent drug elution and antimicrobial properties, while maintaining long‐term functional integrity in vivo. This report provides evidence of a silk ear tube with potential for future clinical translation and OEM treatment.
Atheroma Niche‐Responsive Nanocarriers for Immunotherapeutic Delivery
Authors: Peters Erica B. , Tsihlis Nick D. , Karver Mark R. , Chin Stacey M. , Musetti Bruno , Ledford Benjamin T. , Bahnson Edward M. , Stupp Samuel I. , Kibbe Melina R.
Published: January 2019

Nanomedicine is a promising, noninvasive approach to reduce atherosclerotic plaque burden. However, drug delivery is limited without the ability of nanocarriers to sense and respond to the diseased microenvironment. In this study, nanomaterials are developed from peptide amphiphiles (PAs) that respond to the increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2/9) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) found within the atherosclerotic niche. A pro‐resolving therapeutic, Ac2‐26, derived from annexin‐A1 protein, is tethered to PAs using peptide linkages that cleave in response to MMP2/9 or ROS. By adjusting the molar ratios and processing conditions, the Ac2‐26 PA can be co‐assembled with a PA containing an apolipoprotein A1‐mimetic peptide to create a targeted, therapeutic nanofiber (ApoA1‐Ac226 PA). The ApoA1‐Ac2‐26 PAs demonstrate release of Ac2‐26 within 24 h after treatment with MMP2 or ROS. The niche‐responsive ApoA1‐Ac2‐26 PAs are cytocompatible and reduce macrophage activation from interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharide treatment, evidenced by decreased nitric oxide production. Interestingly, the linkage chemistry of ApoA1‐Ac2‐26 PAs significantly affects macrophage uptake and retention. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential of PAs to serve as an atheroma niche‐responsive nanocarrier system to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment, with implications for atherosclerosis treatment.
Spatially Defined, High‐Contrast, and Deformation‐Free Dopamine Subtractive Thermal Transfer Printing Using a Nonelastomeric Polymeric Mold and Its Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Chae Woo Ri , Nguyen Phuoc Quang Huy , Hong Jong Wook , Lee Nae Yoon
Published: January 2019

Here, a spatially defined high‐contrast subtractive strategy of patterning dopamine from one hard substrate onto another via thermal transfer printing is presented. Dopamine is deposited on a bare thermoplastic and then transfer‐printed onto another, on which polyethylenimine (PEI), an amine‐rich compound that acts as an adhesive, is coated. Schiff base reaction between the dopamine and amine functionalities of PEI allows for dopamine transfer from one substrate to another without pattern collapse and permits high transfer efficiency, leaving behind only the defined dopamine patterns on the bare thermoplastic substrates, where dopamine is initially coated physically. Water contact angle measurement and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the successful dopamine transfer. The practical applicability of this patterning method is verified by culturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells, selectively embedding micro beads into the dopamine‐coated microwell arrays formed on a hydrophobic substrate, and selective electroless deposition of silver onto the dopamine‐coated regions. This subtractive patterning method guarantees high pattern fidelity with simple operation, high homogeneity and visibility in the patterned area, and high‐contrast wettability in regard to its background, revealing its promise for future applications in biomolecule patterning and microarray chip construction.
Spin‐Selective and Wavelength‐Selective Demultiplexing Based on Waveguide‐Integrated All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Yuebian , Li Zhancheng , Liu Wenwei , Li Zhi , Cheng Hua , Chen Shuqi , Tian Jianguo
Published: January 2019

A novel approach for the design of a spin‐selective directional coupler and spin‐selective wavelength demultiplexing device by integrating an all‐dielectric metasurface into a silicon nitride waveguide is proposed and demonstrated. Taking advantage of the intrinsic chirality of the electromagnetic field inside the waveguide, the propagation direction of the excited waveguide mode can be easily controlled by the spin and wavelength of the incident light. The coupling efficiency of the spin‐selective directional coupler toward one side can reach ≈51.6% at 1836 nm. In addition, the working wavelengths, coupling efficiency, peak width, and mode type can be easily tailored by adjusting the geometric parameters of the waveguide and the antenna arrays. This study may provide a further step in the development of photonic integrated circuits, integrated quantum optics, chiral optics, and high‐bit‐rate telecommunication applications.
Double Twisted Photonic Honeycomb Frameworks with Mesoporous Structures
Authors: Nguyen Thanh‐Dinh , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: January 2019

In nature, materials such as shell, bone, silk, and wood are assembled with hierarchical structures that span lengths from nanometers to centimeters. These biological materials are fascinating targets for replication and mimicry, often owing to their remarkable properties. The intricate and periodic structure of the snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) exoskeleton that renders it iridescent is described here. It is discovered that the snow crab has a double twisted photonic honeycomb structure constructed by left‐handed rotation of chitin nanofibrils around cavities throughout its shell. This new chiral framework provides a foundation for exploring chiral photonics and materials. With the goal of mimicking this intricate network, the iridescent mineralized chitin shell is successfully transferred to calcite, carbon, apatite, and fluorapatite/chitin materials with structural replication. It is shown that the sophisticated organization of the iridescent crab shell leads these new materials to have a distinctive macroscopic combination of multilevel chirality, honeycomb channels, and mesoporosity. These solid‐state transformations of snow crab exoskeletons will open the path to making complex hierarchical frameworks of functional porous materials through bioinspired templating.