bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgically Induced Astigmatism After Phacoemulsification with Clear Corneal 2.75 mm Incision Using Superior Approach
Authors: Amita Angela S. D. , Djunaedi Laura A. , Doniho Angelo , Halim Andrew Adiguna
Published: July 2021

Context:

Optimal postoperative vision can be achieved through a low surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), which is closely related to the site of incisions. Studies showed that temporal incision gives low SIA. However, a temporal incision is not convenient for some surgeons and in a small operating room with a limited number of assistants. These limitations can be overcome by using a superior approach.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to evaluate SIA after phacoemulsification with clear corneal incision using superior approach in different kinds of astigmatism as an alternative site of incision.

Settings and Design:

Medical records of patients who underwent cataract surgery were collected retrospectively between April and August 2017. Appropriate statistical analyses using Kruskal–Wallis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Games-Howell test were done to assess the effect of superior approach on corneal curvature and whether it varies between different kinds of astigmatism.

Results:

Kruskal-Wallis test shows that there was no significant postoperative power change across different astigmatism groups (χ
2 (2) = 0.805, P = 0.669). ANOVA and Games-Howell test show that oblique astigmatism had higher changes to its curvature compared with against the rule or with the rule astigmatism.

Conclusions:

The average SIA from the study was 0.34 diopter. Our study concludes that there is no statistically significant difference to SIA between three groups of astigmatism when they were operated using superior approach.
Geochemistry evolution of Schists of northwest Obudu area southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Obioha Young Ezenwa
Published: July 2021

Geochemistry of schists of Obudu area was carried out using ICP-MS and ICP-ES techniques in order to determine the geochemical evolution of the area. 40 samples were analyzed for their major, trace and REE composition. Field mapping revealed that gneisses, amphibolites and schists comprising migmatitic schists (MS), quartz-mica schists (QMS), garnet-mica schists (GMS), and hornblende biotite schists (HBS), intruded by granites, granodiorites, quartzofeldspathic rocks and dolerites occur in the area. Structural studies revealed that the schists trend approximately NE–SW (5 – 30o ) indicating the Pan-African event. Modal analysis revealed that the schists have average concentration of quartz (15vol.%), plagioclase (An45-19 vol.%), biotite (15vol.%), garnet (9.0vol.%) and muscovite (6vol.%), the remaining consists of accessory minerals. Geochemistry showed that all the schists have molecular Al2O3 > CaO+K2O+Na2O, indicating they are peraluminous metasedimentary pelites. Trace and REE element results show that all the analyzed schist samples are depleted in Hg, Ag, Be, Bi, and Sb below < 1.0ppm, but relatively enriched in Ba, Sr and Zr with average concentration of 996, 675.73, 243.13 ppm respective. The HREE are depleted with ΣHREE < 10.2, but the LREE are relatively enriched with ΣLREE > 289.54. The ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratio ranges from 9.17 to 33.4, with a large positive delta V at Eu. These findings indicate that the schists of Northwest Obudu area are highly fractionated and had attained at least the uppermost amphibolite metamorphic grade. The schists had contributed to the development of the Pan-African continent.
Physicochemical properties of groundwater in parts of Irun Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adebayo Kehinde Ibrahim , Nyong Victor Etim , Amah Oluwaseye Peter
Published: July 2021

Ten groundwater samples from hand dug wells were collected at Irun Akoko within the basement complex of part of southwestern Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the groundwater suitability for both drinking and irrigation purposes. The groundwater samples were analysed for some physical and chemical constituents including pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, Na, Ca, Mg, K, Cl, SO4, PO4 and NO3. The pH (7.0 – 7.9) and TDS (12.26 – 19.35 mg/l) of the groundwater indicate that the water is neutral to slightly alkaline and fresh respectively. The order of relative abundance for concentration of cations in the groundwater is K>Ca>Na>Mg, while that of anions is Cl>SO4>NO3>PO4. The concentrations of potassium in about 90% and chloride in about 40 % of the samples were above the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water. Other hydro-geochemical parameters Ca, Mg, Na, SO4, PO4 and NO3 falls within the WHO standards. Values of Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) classified the water as excellent for irrigation purposes. The Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) values classified eighty percent of the water to be of good quality and the remaining samples as fair for irrigation purposes. However, using the Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (55.0 – 68.9 %) the samples may have hazardous effects on the soil. Generally, groundwater in the study area is suitable for both domestic and irrigation uses.
Water disinfection using acoustic cavitation: A mini review
Authors: Yadav Maharshi , Jyoti Dr , Gole Vitthal L.
Published: July 2021

The waterborne disease is a major concern for India and root cause of this non-ability of water disinfection technology at affordable cost to all. Hence it is necessary to understand the disinfection of water to achieve goal of healthy society. Various methods and technologies like Chlorination, iodine, silver, coagulation flocculation, iron Nano particles, UV, Solar disinfection, distillation, Reverse osmosis, slow sand filters, activated charcoal filter, electrochemical oxidation, cavitation, plasma techniques, electrocoagulation, photo catalysis and many more have been evolved over the years. Despite of availability of techniques for water disinfection, but larger scale application still is a major challenge, especially in developing countries where almost eighty percent diseases are cause by waterborne. Acoustic cavitation is base technique highly useful for water disinfection. This mini review discussed various aspects of acoustic cavitation and potential application for water disinfection. Acoustic cavitation with chemical disinfection techniques is also very beneficial because it reduces the use of chemical so production of byproducts reduces automatically.
Improvement of solar still productivity by using PCM and other enhancement technique- A review
Authors: Yadav Abhinav , Khalid Md Saifullah , Saini Prashant , Kumar Ankit
Published: July 2021

The necessity of pure water is rising each day, causes are population, industrial and agricultural expansion, worldwide. Due to the increasing population of world the fresh water will become more serious problem in the coming days. Hence, people around the world have to work on different and efficient methodology to generate potable water. Solar still is one among these methods acting device. In this paper, a review of using PCM and PCM with other enhancement techniques has been discussed. Use of stearic acid as a PCM below the liner of basin, each day pure water of 9.005kg/m2 per day and 4.998 kg/m2 per day has been found in the company of PCM and not including of PCM respectively. It is observed that solar desalination system in the company of paraffin-CuO is best among the others solar still with paraffin PCM, paraffin-TiO2, paraffin-GO. CuO, TiO2 and GO are the nanoparticles.
Simultaneous removal of lead and copper from synthetic water by electrocoagulation and techno-economic evaluation: optimization through response surface methodology
Authors: Varma A.K. , Chouhan A. , Shankar R. , Mondal P. , Rathore A.K. , Thakur L.S.
Published: July 2021

In the present study, the electrocoagulation process using iron electrodes was used to treat synthetic water containing lead and copper. Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology was applied to optimize the process variables namely initial pH, current density and treatment time along with operating cost. At optimum conditions (initial pH: 5, current density: 50 A/m2, treatment time: 40 min), the model predicted value for removal of lead and copper was found as 102.81% and 99.75%, respectively with an operating cost of 0.481 USD/m3. Whereas, the actual or experimental values of lead and copper removal were found as 99.98 % and 99.88 % as well as operating cost of 0.476 USD/m3, which signifies a good closeness between the model predicted values and actual values. The concentration of lead and copper in treated water was found below the permissible limits as per CPCB norms for industrial discharge.
Pattern of Esbls in Uro-Pathogens Obtained from a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Olasehinde O. , Lamikanra A.
Published: July 2021

Background: Multidrug resistance remains a challenge in the treatment of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in Nigeria, a key factor being the occurrence of ESBL producers. Earlier reports have emphasized the occurrence of major ESBLs, little is known about the minor subtypes' occurrence in this regard.Objective: This study sought to evaluate the occurrence of major and minor ESβL producers among a cohort of uropathogens collected from a Nigerian Teaching Hospital using molecular techniques.Material and Methods: Cultures from 1000 UTI positive urine specimens were collected from the hospital laboratory between May 2015 and December 2017. All samples were subjected to standard isolation culturing techniques and identified. They were further tested for susceptibility to 8 antibiotics. Of these, gram-negative isolates with presumptive ESBL production were evaluated for confirmatory ESBL production using Chromogenic ESBL agar (Oxoid) and Agar Dilution tests. One hundred and twenty-five of them were evaluated for the presence of six ESBL genes (TEM, SHV, CTX-M 15, PER, GES, VEB) using Multiplex PCR/Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.Results: The results revealed that 40 out of 97 (41%) detected ESBL genes were of the ESBL minor category (VEB, PER, and GES). These ESBL producers were also observed to be resistant to at least five of the 8 antibiotics tested.Conclusion: More attention should be paid to the emergence minor ESBL producers among uropathogens in this environment as they represent a potential underlying influence on the observed treatment failure in the treatment of UTI.
Pharmacognostic and Anti-diabetic Studies of Chromolaena odorata Linn. (Asteraceae) Powdered Leaves in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Abdullahi A. A. , Aremu B. A. , Atunwa S. A. , Usman S. O. , Attah F.A.U. , Lawal B.A. , Njinga N.S.
Published: July 2021

Background: ChromolaenaodorataLinn. (Asteraceae)is being used traditionally for its many medicinal properties including lowering of blood glucose level. However, few and inconsistent information about its antidiabetic potential is available.Objective: to standardize; determine physicochemical and elemental parameters; and evaluate anti-diabetic potential of Chromolaena odorata Linn. (Asteraceae) powdered leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: Physicochemical screening of fresh and powdered leaves of C. odorata leaves were respectively determined using a light microscope connected to a standard camera. Elemental analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) GBC Avanta Model. Thirty-three Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150 – 200 g were used in the procedures. Acute toxicity assessment (LD50) was carried out using the guideline of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Chromolaena odorata powdered leaves were evaluated using alloxan-induced model.Results: Physicochemical screening of the fresh and powdered leaves confirmed the pharmacognostic parameters of Chromolaena odorata. The moisture content was 6.0 ± 0.07 %, the alcohol soluble extractive was 30 ± 0.05 %. while the water-soluble extractive was 40 ± 0.05%. The elemental analysis of the powdered leaves of C. odorata showed that the leaves contains 29.00mg/L of K, 13.500mg/L of Na, 0.15mg/L of Mn, 4.78mg/L of Mg and 0.30mg/L of Ca. Chromolaena odorata showed no toxicity when it was orally administered to rats (LD50 ≥ 2000 mg/kg). The powdered leaves of Chromolaena odorata at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg showed dose and time-dependent anti-diabetic activities.Conclusion: The powdered leaves of Chromolaena odorata is non-toxic and preliminary data showed its anti-diabetic potential possibly due to the presence of some phytochemicals and mineral elements identified
Studies on Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Aerial Parts of Tephrosia Bracteolata GUILL. and PERR. (Fabaceae) in Rodents
Authors: Sadam A.A. , Abdullahi S.M. , Pateh U.U. , Shehu A. , Bakare L.O.
Published: July 2021

Background: Tephrosia bracteolata is a widespread shrub belonging to the family (Fabaceae) and genus Tephrosia. It is traditionally used for treating rheumatic pains, dropsy and stomach ache.Objectives: In view of the ethnomedicinal claim and the continuous search for new medicinal agents, the phytochemical constituents, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of chloroform fraction (CF) of the methanol extract of Tephrosia bracteolata in mice and rats was evaluated.Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted using standard method. Analgesic activity of CF (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight orally) was investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing test and thermally induced pain model in mice. Additionally, anti-inflammatory activity was tested by carragenaan-induced paw edema in rats.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes and flavonoids. The oral LD50 of CF was above 2000 mg/kg body weight. CF significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently reduced the number of writhes with percentage inhibition of 47.76 48.41 and 72.6 % at dose of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg respectively. CF also significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently increased the mean reaction time. At dose of 400 mg/kg, CF at 60 and 90 minutes exhibited greater activity when compared to the standard agent pentazocine. CF(200 and 400 mg/kg) at times 3, 4 and 5 hours significantly (p<0.05) decreased the paw edema in rats when compare with the ibuprofen treated group.Conclusions: The chloroform fraction of the methanol crude extract of Tephrosia bracteolata possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Organic Geochemistry of Peat Deposits in southwest Rwanda
Authors: Mugerwa Theophile , Hategekimana Francois , Ehinola Olugbenga A. , Oladosu Ibrahim A. , Rwabuhungu Digne , Bimenyimana Theophile , Byiringiro Fils V. , Nsengiyumva Cedrick
Published: July 2021

Rwanda hosts million tons of peat deposits and that of western province is of great importance as it close to Kivu Lake. The discovery of methane gas in Kivu Lake has attracted investors in methane gas utilization as source of power supply and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). Researchers identified Kivu Lake and adjacent area as an area of interest for hydrocarbon exploration. However, organic geochemical prospecting for hydrocarbon and energy content assessment is inadequate for the identified areas. The study aimed at determining the organic geochemistry of peat deposits in southwest, Rwanda. Forty (40) subsurface peat samples (1 to 10 m depth) were collected, air-dried and pulverized and screened. Five (5) samples with high organic matter content were subjected to biomarkers analysis using GC-GCMS. The n-alkanes distribution comprised mainly n-C11 to n-C 37. The Pr/Ph ratios (3.3-10.4, the waxiness index (0.09-0.87), CPI (3.6-7.8), OEP (3.5-6.0), C29 steranes (63.0–100.0%), C28 (0.0–28.0%), C27 (0.0–18.0%) and C27/ C29 sterane ratios (0.0-0.28). The ββ/ (ββ + αα) and 20S/ (20S + 20R) are 0.5 and 0.46 respectively. The C30 -moretane/ C30 -hopane ratios ranged from 1.56 to 2.42, while the oleanane index ranged from 0.07 to 0.26. The Ts/ (Ts + Tm) ratios ranged from 0.13 to 1.05. The dominance of C-29 sterols and C29/C27 sterane ratio which ranged from 3.5 to 100 indicating derivation from terrigenous higher plant material. The Pr/Ph ratio (>3) reflect the oxic to sub-oxic environmental condition during peat deposition. The peat deposits in Western Province, Rwanda are very rich in organic matter of mainly terrestrial precursor deposited in dry and cold climate.
The Use of Geogrids in Mitigating Pavement Defects on Roads Built over Expansive Soils
Authors: Shumbusho Richard , Ghataora Gurmel S. , Burrow Michael P.N. , Rwabuhungu Digne R.
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the potential benefits of using geogrids in mitigating pavement defects notably roughness and longitudinal cracking on pavements built over expansive soils. The seasonal changes of expansive soils (periodic wetting and drying) cause detrimental effects on the overlying road pavements. Such detrimental behavior of expansive soils was simulated in a controlled laboratory environment through allowing cyclic wetting and drying of an expansive soil underlying a pavement section. The shrink/swell effects of the expansive soil subgrade were examined through monitoring its change in moisture, and measuring deformation of overlying pavement section. The experimental study suggested that a geogrid layer in a reinforced pavement section can reduce surface differential shrinking and swelling deformation resulting from underlying expansive soils by a factor of 2 and 3 respectively in comparison to unreinforced section. Given that an oedometer test which is typically used to predict swelling potential of expansive soils is known to overpredict in-situ soil swell, experimental program also investigated quantitatively the extent to which the oedometer can overestimate swelling behaviour of the real-field scenarios. It was found that oedometer percent swell can overpredict in-situ swelling behaviour of the expansive soil by a factor ranging between 2 and 10 depending upon the period over which the in-situ expansive soil has been in contact with water.
Control measures of malaria transmission in Rwanda based on SEIR SEI mathematical model
Authors: Hakizimana Emmanuel , Ntaganda Jean Marie
Published: July 2021

This research paper investigated the dynamics of malaria transmission in Rwanda using the nonlinear forces of infections which are included in SEIR-SEI mathematical model for human and mosquito populations. The mathematical modeling of malaria studies the interaction among the human and mosquito populations in controlling malaria transmission and eventually eliminating malaria infection. This work investigates the optimal control strategies for minimizing the rate of malaria transmission by applying three control variables through Caputo fractional derivative. The optimal control problems for malaria model found the control parameters which minimize infection. The numerical simulation showed that the number of exposed and infected people and mosquito population are decreased due to the control strategies. Finally, this work found out that the transmission of malaria in Rwanda can be minimized by using the combination of controls like Insecticide Treated bed Nets (ITNs), Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) and Artemisinin based Combination Therapies (ACTs).
Study on the Improvement of Debate Education in University Considering Prior Experience Before College
Authors: Kim Jiyoon , Shin Heesun , Seo Jeong-Hyok , Hwang Youngmee
Published: July 2021

This research starts from recognizing the fact that a new direction is necessary in order to operate the basic liberal arts debate curriculum. The data has been empirically analyzed through online surveys - from January to February, 2021. 220 students used critical thinking skills in a debate class. Based on these findings, this research paper tries to discover areas for improvement when it comes to critical thinking in debate class. It does so by comparing the debate experiences of the students before and after they have engaged in debate education at university.
The research shows that students thought that current critical thinking and debate class had educational effects to some degree, regardless of whether or not they had good or bad experiences with debating before entering university. Rather than merely acquiring knowledge, students wanted to develop capabilities like critical thinking, problem solving, and practical utilization through the debate class activities. Furthermore, we learned that the teaching materials need to be supplemented with practically available theory when teaching students real debate techniques.
Thus, this research emphasized the fact that debate education should be connected with the education undertaken by the students before they entered university. Also, learner-centered competency training should be done in the classroom in order to move forward to practical education, which can be applicable to real life.
Why Superman Will Not Save the World: Theorizing the Relationship Between Suffering and DC Comics Superman (Translation into Russian)
Authors: Tembo Kwasu
Published: July 2021

The hypothesis that there is an inextricable link between comic book superheroes and suffering would, to anyone with a cursory knowledge of superhero characters found in DC, Marvel, Image, Wildstorm and other houses, and their histories, ostensibly seem valid. This validity depends on which character one is applying said hypothesis to; the psychological and physical suffering of a Batman being more acceptable as such than that of a Plastic Man, for example. However, using DC Comics character Superman as a case study, this paper explores the inextricable link between Otherness, power, and suffering within the remit of the character's mythos. In order to do so, this paper refers to psychoanalytic concepts elaborated by Sigmund Freud in his text Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1922) as a way of demonstrating that despite the character's conventional appraisal as a positivist humanistic symbol of pure altruism, an insuperable, unimpeachable symbol of selflessness and good morality, there is in fact a fundamental link between Superman's 'tridentity' of selves (Clark Kent/Kal-El/Superman), the character's own suffering, and human suffering on a terrestrial scale, as represented within the numerous realities of the DC Comics Multiverse.
The Hand of Law and the Body of Family. Family, Fear and the Court of Law in Qing China
Authors: Sarakaeva Asia Alyevna
Published: July 2021

The article, through the lens of crimes and court cases, explores the complex relationship between the individual, family and state in China in the XVII-XIX centuries. The research is based on archival court cases and fiction literature of traditional China. The author examines crimes committed within the family, analyses the testimony of criminals and witnesses, as well as sentences and government decrees; compares the real transcripts of court hearings with the depiction of family conflicts, investigations and trials in adventure novels and short stories by Chinese writers. As a result, the author comes to a number of conclusions, in particular, that the Qing government gradually shifted the emphasis from the value of filial piety and generational hierarchy to the special importance of marriage relations; while in public mindset, on the contrary, the inertia of Confucianism and the desire to protect the integrity and autonomy of the family body from interference by state power were extremely strong. Speaking about the reaction of the Chinese family to the crime that occurred within its ranks, the author identifies several typical ways of responding, with the choice of method being often determined by the gender of the conflicting parties.
Social Wellbeing and Quality of Life of People Living with Disorders of Sex Development and Sex Re-Assignment in Nigeria: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study
Authors: Sani Abdurrahman , Mungadi Ismaila , Ismail Ismi , Arshad Mohd , Soh Kim
Published: July 2021

Disorders of sex development is a complex interaction between biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors, making it necessary for the multidisciplinary team to decide on the individualized patient basis. The characteristics of the individual patient, family and the social background are taken into consideration in order to derive maximum benefit. In developing countries, many people living with disorders of sex development faced serious psychological and social traumas such as marginalization, rejection, isolation, feeling of sadness, feeling of uncertainty, and feeling of shame. Therefore, this study explores the social wellbeing and quality of life of people with disorders of sex development in Nigeria. We used qualitative phenomenological approach to explore the social wellbeing and quality of people with disorders of sex development in Nigeria. We recruited thirteen participants using purposive sampling technique from Usmanu Danfodiyo Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. We conducted data collection exercise using face to face interviews, transcribed, and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis technique with the aid of NVivo software. Four themes emerged from the data that describe the social wellbeing and quality of life of people with disorders of sex development in Nigeria. These themes are socialization and social isolation, intimate relationships, sexuality, and relationships with people. Participants experienced social isolation, marital problems, poor sexual experience, absence of sexual pleasure and stigmatization. People with disorders of sex development had poor social wellbeing which negatively affects their quality of life. Findings would inform the multidisciplinary team the need to incorporate social wellbeing of people with disorders of sex development in their treatment and the need to explore public perception on people living with disorders of sex development in Nigeria.
And Still I Rise: Protective Factors for Black Counseling Psychology Doctoral Students from Predominantly White Institutions
Authors: Elliott Jessica , Reynolds Jason , Lee Minsun
Published: July 2021

In this study, we sought to understand which protective factors Black doctoral students from predominantly White institutions (PWI) utilized to persist in their counseling psychology doctoral programs. Past research has examined the potential obstacles these students encounter and the importance of the mentor relationship in the doctoral process. In this study, we sought to explore the factors that motivate Black doctoral students to complete their respective programs, as well as important features in their relationship with their advisor. There were four males and three females with ages ranging from 22 – 41 (M = 27.57 and SD = 6.63) from various counseling psychology programs throughout the country. Within the constructivist-interpretivist research paradigm, interviews were conducted via Skype and analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. The study’s findings illuminate important factors that are significant in creating diverse and inclusive educational environments that will allow for more marginalized groups to contribute to the field of psychology at the doctoral level.
Aceptabilidad y valor nutritivo de alternativas de consumo de flor de loroco (Fernaldia pandurata Woodson.) en los departamentos de Chiquimula y Zacapa, Guatemala
Authors: Arroyo Castillo Mayda Sucely , Villagrán Paiz Ana Eugenia Alejandrina , Padilla Soto Adelky Stiven
Published: July 2021

El loroco es una flor aromática comestible que se utiliza en la comida tradicional de algunos municipios del oriente y suroriente de Guatemala. Actualmente existen altibajos a lo largo del año en la demanda del loroco, los cuales podrían estabilizarse con la creación de productos comestibles no perecederos y/o alternativas de consumo para este producto. En este estudio se determinó la aceptabilidad por parte del consumidor y el valor nutritivo de cinco formas de presentaciones para consumir loroco: loroco al pesto, encurtido de loroco, salsa de tomate con loroco, requesón con loroco y chile en escabeche con loroco. Se evaluó su aceptabilidad mediante el análisis sensorial para obtener información que permitió identificar características que deben ser consideradas para una futura comercialización de los productos a nivel local. Se utilizó una prueba de ordenamiento por rangos para obtener una indicación de la alternativa de consumo más aceptable. Con los datos obtenidos a través del análisis sensorial se elaboró un recetario con preparaciones de los productos formulados que fueron mejor ponderados, en el recetario se incluyó la estandarización de cada preparación y el valor nutritivo por porción. Esto ayudará al productor local a fortalecer el eslabón de transformación y comercialización del loroco.
Neurociencias, vejez y sexualidad
Authors: García García Clara Marcela
Published: July 2021

Hablar de vida sexual activa y una sexualidad plena es un tabú. Hacer referencias que un adulto mayor, tenga una vida sexual activa y disfrute de una sexualidad plena, no tiene cabida. Se llega a creer que es absurdo ya que se tiende a desvalorizar al adulto mayor por encontrarse en una etapa donde supuestamente ya es el ocaso de su vida y ya no es funcional. Este trabajo se realizó con la intención de evidenciar que el adulto mayor en Guatemala aún puede tener una vida sexual activa, que a través de las neurociencias la respuesta sexual puede llegar a ser distinta a cuando se era joven, pero que a pesar de la edad se puede disfrutar de una sexualidad plena.
Funciones ejecutivas en infantes con trauma cráneo encefálico moderado-severo
Authors: De León Natareno Elie Alberto , De León López Sandra Concepción , Galindo Cifuentes Julio Cesar , Félix López Omar Alexander
Published: July 2021

Las funciones ejecutivas son serie de capacidades cognitivas que permiten organizar, modular, controlar, evaluar, regular y planear la conducta.  Dentro de su constructo figuran la organización, la atención, memoria de trabajo, la flexibilidad, inhibición, planeación, formulación de metas, autocontrol, anticipación y gestión de tiempos. La neuropsicología estudia los procesos neurocognitivos relacionados con funciones ejecutivas y aplicación en neurorrehabilitación como la terapia cognitivo conductual en trauma craneoencefálico para enfrentar situaciones complejas cuando existe injuria cerebral. Es necesario conocer la relación de las funciones ejecutivas con el trauma craneoencefálico en niños siendo de fuerte interés en los procesos biológicos, neurodesarrollo y factores asociados con el fin de estudiar la neurocognición en relación con las habilidades y contexto en trauma de craneoencefálico.  El objetivo de este ensayo es identificar la batería neuropsicológica de las funciones ejecutivas y los lóbulos frontales adaptado al trauma de craneoencefálico en niños para la recuperación pronta mediante un enfoque multidisciplinario. La evaluación neuropsicológica es necesaria para identificar la afección de las funciones ejecutivas que causan discapacidad en trauma de cráneo en niños.
Factores de prevención temprana en enfermedad de Alzheimer
Authors: López Yes Nehemías Feliciano , Moscoso Figueroa Ana Lucia , Monzón Girón María Alejandra , Maldonado Hernández Karen Jackeline , Toledo Jacobo Manuel
Published: July 2021

La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que se caracteriza en su forma típica por una pérdida de la memoria y progresivamente otras capacidades mentales ejecutivas como la orientación, planificación, generación de nuevos aprendizajes y la resolución de problemas.  Es considerada una enfermedad multicausal y compleja siendo la edad el principal factor de riesgo no modificable. Se conoce el origen genético de la EA siendo una demencia neurodegenerativa característica de la población adulta mayor siendo estos pacientes mayores de sesenta años que afecta las funciones cognitivas desarrollando dependencia y fragilidad en este grupo tan vulnerable. Sin embargo, el presente ensayo se enfocará en los factores modificables y preventivos con el objetivo de determinar los factores preventivos de EA contribuir a un diagnóstico precoz y posibilitar intervenciones tempranas. La identificación de los factores de prevención en EA será vitales para realizar cambios modificables del estilo de vida en personas con factores de riesgo neuroepigenéticos con el fin de brindar calidad de vida a quienes sufren esta enfermedad neurodegenerativa.
Substance Use and Mental Illness among Women Admitted in a Rehabilitation Center in Jos, Nigeria: A 5-Year Profile
Authors: Nwoga CN , Dapap DD , Armiya'u AY , Audu MD , Goar SG , Mafai D , Jack DB
Published: July 2021

Substance use disorder are among the most common public health problems caused by using legal and/or illegal substances. Therefore, this study is aimed at reviewing a five-year profile of women admitted at a rehabilitation center in Jos, Nigeria for substance use and mental illness. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out on 183 females admitted between 2012 and 2017 at a rehabilitation center in Jos, Nigeria. Data collection was carried out from documents note of these female participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. The mean age of the participants was 38.515.3 years. Almost half of the participants were within the age bracket of 20 – 29 years and married (45.9%). Depressive disorder (36.1%) was the commonest mental disorder in the studied participants. Among those abusing substances, multiple substance use (12.6%) was the most prevalent with alcohol use disorder (9.3%) the main diagnosis among those with substance use disorder. According to the result almost half of the studied participants were young, married and educated females. Depression and multiple substance abuse with alcohol the main drug of abuse was a cause for concern in this population. This portrays significant health and economic consequences and the need for urgent action.
Cultura Física como proyección de salud, en estudiantes de ECTAFIDE
Authors: Jiménez Enriquez Gabriela Inés
Published: July 2021

Los estudiantes de la Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (ECTAFIDE), de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, estudiaron para adquirir conocimientos teóricos-prácticos que los ayuden a desarrollar habilidades y capacidades físico-deportivas en el ser humano, fomentando la Cultura Física en la sociedad. Fortalecieron las habilidades y aptitudes específicas de la carrera porque utilizan el cuerpo para transmitir, explicar, demostrar y corregir las habilidades-capacidades, en sus diferentes modalidades.

El objetivo fue describir cómo los estudiantes adquirieron y conservaron la cultura física como proyección de salud, siendo los objetivos específicos, identificar qué actividades realizaron los estudiantes para alcanzar el hábito de la actividad física y establecer cómo conservaron la cultura física. Se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y se aplicó la encuesta en una muestra de 100 estudiantes de los tres primeros años. Los resultados demostraron que el 93% de los estudiados realizan actividad física, el 80% realiza actividad física tres veces a la semana y diariamente y el 100 % practica actividad física por salud. Concluyendo que los estudiantes, conservan la cultura física y proyectan salud, aplicando lo aprendido en su diario vivir.
VIOLÊNCIA POR PARCEIRO ÍNTIMO CONTRA A MULHER: ASPECTOS MÉDICO-LEGAIS
Authors: Seba Maria Clara
Published: July 2021

Violence against women is a grave and systematic human rights violation, with high incidence and prevalence worldwide. For this reason, a narrative review and a case report were conducted that seek to analyze intimate partner violence and, from that, to put the subject under discussion.
CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES BY ETHERS
Authors: aneel kumar Mr. Dugga
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Powdered cellulose etherified to primary, secondary, tertiary, and combination of primary and tertiary carbons
contains halide or an epoxide compound obtains Methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl
cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (OH group replaced to OR) in presence of an alkali metal
hydroxide in high pressure and thermal conditions, also produced to different grades where you played a
viscosity parameter.
Key Words: cellulose, alkali cellulose, etherfication.
The legal status of animals: a source of their disaster vulnerability
Authors: Best Ashleigh
Published: July 2021

The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season had a devastating impact on animals. A report sponsored by the World Wide Fund for Nature (2020) estimates that 3 billion native wild animals were affected by the bushfires, with several species now closer to extinction. Thousands of domesticated farm animals also perished, either as an immediate result of the bushfires or as a consequence of being euthanised with fire-related injuries. In addition, there was concern about the adequacy of arrangements for the evacuation and care of companion animals during the emergency. In these diverse ways, the bushfires brought the profound and multidimensional vulnerability of animals to disaster events into stark focus. Using case studies, this paper examines the role the law plays in contributing to this vulnerability. It investigates how the status of animals as ‘property’ under law increases their exposure to hazards and affects their priority in disaster planning and response. This paper also scrutinises the extent to which statutory welfare and environmental protections are capable of optimising wellbeing and survival outcomes for animals in disasters.
Exploratory study: the COVID-19 pandemic and community-based animal organisations and households in the USA
Authors: DeYoung Sarah , Farmer Ashley
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of human systems. Gaps in community services for people with companion animals can prevent people from seeking care during a pandemic or create other issues. This paper describes exploratory research to identify some key challenges and successes for animal services providers and for households with companion animals. Using data from 19 USA states were gathered using an online survey and respondents were from 13 animal services organisations and 90 households. Themes were identified based on organisational-level challenges or successes, as well as themes at the household level. These findings may be useful for emergency managers and planners who design outreach and support services for people with companion animals, for example, planning for low-cost animal boarding services for people hospitalised or unable to care for their animal.
ANÁLISIS DE LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EN SEGURIDAD VIAL EN ECUADOR, DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE LA EDUCACIÓN CIUDADANA
Authors: Oñate-Cervantes Erick
Published: July 2021

Los índices de accidentes de tránsito siempre han sido motivo de atención para el Estado, porque representan un indicio de cómo se desenvuelven sus políticas en materia vial, es por ello que, esta investigación, trata sobre el análisis delas Políticas Públicas de Seguridad Vial en Ecuador,desde la acción ciudadana,enfoquecuantitativo, estudio de campo, presentando uncarácter descriptivo. Poblaciónestuvo constituida por un especialista psicólogo, conparticipación en programas de educación vial. La muestrade 726sujetos (mujeres y hombres, mayores de edad, con vehículo y pertenecientes al área geográfica en estudio). Se aplicaron las técnicas de la entrevista y la encuesta, utilizando un Guion de entrevista y un cuestionario respectivamente. Los resultados arrojaron la caracterización de las políticas públicas de educación y seguridad vial vigentes, reportándose nudos críticos en su operatividad, con gran incidencia del escaso presupuestodisponible. Las políticas del Estado ecuatoriano en materia de educación y seguridad vial son pertinentes y en armonía con los convenios internacionales suscritos por la nación. Ejecutadasa través de planes y programas públicos vinculados a la educación y seguridad vial, mediante procesos formativos con apoyo de entes gubernamentales y privados.
SEGURIDAD Y PROTECCIÓN RADIOLÓGICA DE LOSTRABAJADORES DE UNA EMPRESA TEXTIL: ÁREA RADIODIAGNÓSTICO
Authors: Jaramillo-Estrada Danny Marcelo , Zumba-Guerrero Andrea Carolina , Moya-Guerra Katherine Raquel , Almeida-Alvarado Mireya Paola
Published: July 2021

La medicina nuclear presenta muchas bondades para el diagnóstico de múltiples enfermedades, constituyendo a la vez un riesgo para los trabajadores de esa área y los pacientes que asisten frecuentemente, es por ello que el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un estudiosobre la seguridad y protección radiológica de los trabajadores de una empresa textil del área de radiodiagnóstico. Investigación de campo con un nivel descriptivo, siendo su población el personal que labora en el área de producción y el servicio de radiodiagnóstico, la muestra quedó conformada por 75 trabajadores de producción y 5 de dicha área médica. Como técnica de recolección de datos empleamos la encuesta y su instrumento el cuestionario, como técnica de análisis fue el estudio estadístico hermenéutico. Entre los resultados se tiene que los entrevistados respondieron en un 51% que siempre se realizan estudios de radiodiagnóstico, mientras que el 28% de los consultados indicaron que pocas veces se realizan estudios de radiodiagnóstico. Concluyendo con la necesidad de aumentar las medidas de seguridad laboral, al personal que se desempeña en el área de radiodiagnóstico, para dar cumplimiento a los diferentes protocolos de seguridad radiológica, ante la exposición a los efectos de los rayos X, Gamma que estos generan.
Implementation of Water Conditions in Soil with Artificial Neural Network Method using Backpropagation
Authors: Sintio Toppan , Steven Steven
Published: July 2021

In agriculture and plantations, the land is an important thing, but sometimes the soil needs to be measured for its fertility, so measuring instruments are used. In this study, the authors tried to collect data for measuring using the Backpropagation method to determine the prediction of fertility in the soil. The backpropagation method is used to predict and also Backpropagation is a Neural Network algorithm. In using this method, input is a sensor that will take data in the form of soil moisture, pH when wet, and pH when dry, followed by this method which processes the data to be generated. The results of research with the Backpropagation algorithm get 80% accuracy of the 10 test data used for test results. The results tested initially were not as expected but with several trials, it was almost as expected but needed to be further developed. With the hope that there are people who can develop better for more knowledge and hopefully it can be useful for more. The suggestion in this is for readers who want to develop their suggestions to collect more data from this research to get more satisfying results. If the data is not more efficient, more efficient or accurate methods or means of data collection are expected to be used.
Infância e Psicologia: O Brincar é uma Linguagem Secreta?
Authors: Luz Menezes Mable , Silva da Conceição Ana Paula
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho teve como objetivo discutir a infância através da verificação dos pressupostos da psicologia, para compreender se o brincar é uma linguagem secreta, considerando o processo de desenvolvimento das crianças e a sua relação com o lúdico. O referencial teórico foi com autores como Vygotsky (1998), Piaget (1971), De Quadros (2017), Rolim (2008), Ariès (1981), dentre outros. A opção metodológica foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com textos acadêmicos e documentos públicos oficiais, construindo uma investigação que dialogou com os vários campos do conhecimento. Logo, os resultados obtidos apresentam que tanto a linguagem como o pensamento estão presentes na relação do brincar da criança quando atingem a capacidade de acesso a função simbólica, como agente de instrumentalizar a ação. A partir do entrecruzamento do pensamento e linguagem provendo novo comportamento, foi desvendado como o brincar está imbrincado na rede simbólica, constituindo-se, também, como uma linguagem secreta na infância.
Peer Influence on the Psychosocial and Behavioral Health of African American College Students
Authors: Ford Kentya H. , Meshack Angela , Peters Ronald J. , Lin Mi-Ting , Yu Sheila
Published: July 2021

The relationship between psychological and behavioral health and bother from non-college at-tending peers was assessed among 180 African American students attending a historically black universityin the southwestern region of the United States in the spring of 2013. Results: Students reporting stressrelated to influence from non-college attending friends reported significantly higher conflicts with theirpartners (5.31 vs. 1.26, p < .05), lower personal conflict resolution (2.00 vs. .70, p < .05), and lowerfamily connectedness (30.81 vs. 34.02, p < .05). Study results emphasize college students’ need for copingskills to address external culturally-linked stressors. The information gained from this research may providestrategic guidance in understanding the behavioral and psychosocial effects of extended peer networks onthe mental health of college students.
Students at risk of being marked on by peers due to alcohol poisoning: An exploratory study
Authors: Seitz Christopher M. , Orsini Muhsin Michael , Davoren Martin P.
Published: July 2021

This study explored the behavior of bystanders at parties who use markers to draw on intoxicatedcollege students who show symptoms of alcohol poisoning, rather than helping those students. Half (50%)of the study’s 111 students reported being at a party where an intoxicated college student was drawn onwith markers while passed out. The most common sign of alcohol poisoning observed was that the personcould not be roused (63%). The most common location of drawings was the face (89%) and commonitems drawn were genitals (59%) and profanity (45%). The personal and legal ramifications of this isdiscussed.
Millennial Student Embarrassment Toward Condom Purchase/Acquisition
Authors: Yannessa John F. , Dunn Michael S. , Yansick Kristen , Jordan Danielle
Published: July 2021

While adolescents seem aware of the need for condom use, sexual practices do not always reflectthis awareness. Recent research indicates that sexually active adolescents aged 15-24 acquire half of allnew sexually transmitted infections (STI’s). Often times, condoms are not used due to embarrassment. Assuch, the purpose of this research was to examine the attitude of embarrassment as it relates to condomuse, acquisition, and negotiation. Data were drawn from a sample of 278 college students at a midsizeduniversity in the Southeastern United States during the spring of 2016. The results of this study foundthat nearly twenty ve percent of the male sample (22.7%) and less than 20 percent (19.6%) of femalesreported using a condom all the time. There was a signi cant difference between males and females withfemales reporting greater overall condom embarrassment. Additionally, there were signi cant differencesbetween males and females related to condom acquisition. Given the efficacy of condom use in preventingmany sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) and unintended pregnancy, understanding potential barriersto their use is important if public health professionals are to reach the Healthy People 2020 goals relativeto condom use.
Validation of the Beliefs of Physical Activity among Clergy (B-PAC) Instrument
Authors: Gwin Shannon , Branscum Paul , Taylor E. Laurette
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to create a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate theory-basedbeliefs towards physical activity among clergy members. Data were collected from 174 clergy that par-ticipated in a 15-item online and paper-based survey. Psychometric properties of the instrument includedconfirmatory factor analysis (construct validity), and cronbach’s alpha (internal consistency reliability).In addition, the stability (test-retest reliability) of each subscale was evaluated with a sub-sample of 30participants. Results show the instrument was both valid and reliable, and will be useful in future studiestargeting this population. Future implications are discussed.