bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The antigenic structure of nephroblastomas
Authors: Linder Ewert
Published: February 2007

The antigenic structure of 13 nephroblastomas was compared to that of differentiating nephrogenic mesenchyme of the foetal kidney by immunodiffusion and the fluorescent antibody technique using absorbed antisera against tumour, foetal kidney and postnatal kidney.

No tumour‐specific antigens were demonstrated. Immunodiffusion experiments showed that undifferentiated tumour tissue contains common antigens present in a variety of normal tissues. Undifferentiated tumour contained, however, additional antigens associated with differentiated structures („differentiative antigens”︁).

The metanephrogenic mesenchyme of foetal kidneys resembled undifferentiated tumour in lacking antigens associated with differentiated structures. These two tissues differed in that foetal antigens (not found in postnatal kidneys) were present in the metanephrogenic mesenchyme but absent from tumours.

„Differentiative antigens”︁ appear during the morphological differentiation of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme which will form the different parts of the nephron. An analogous situation was seen in nephroblastomas in regions where morphological differentiation had occurred. In the tumours „differentiative antigens”︁ were observed in tubular structures, pseudoglomerules and muscle cells. Brush border antigen (s) normally present in the proximal secreting tubules were demonstrated in some tubular structures of the tumours. Glomerular epithelial antigen (s) were seen in pseudoglomeruli. Differentiation in tumours, however, does not proceed as far as in the kidney. This is shown by the absence of „kidney‐specific”︁ brush border antigens.

The results of the present investigation favour the hypothesis that nephroblastomas arise from cells that normally differentiate into kidney structures.
Identification of the filtrable leukocyte‐transforming factor of qimr‐wil cells as herpes‐like virus
Authors: Pope J. H. , Horne M. K. , Scott W.
Published: February 2007

The QIMR‐WIL human leukocyte cell line contains a filtrable factor which transforms foetal human leukocytes and allows establishment of cell lines. The factor resembled members of the Herpesvirus group in its size as determined by filtration and in its sensitivity to high temperature and ether. The transforming activity of the factor was completely neutralized by human sera containing antibody to the herpes‐like virus of the QIMR‐WIL line but not by control human sera without this antibody. It was concluded that the QIMR‐WIL transforming factor was the herpes‐like virus. Similar transformation was effected by filtrates of the Burkitt lymphoma line QIMR‐GOR which also carries herpes‐like virus. The delayed onset of leukocyte proliferation occurring with virus from QIMR‐GOR cells (49 days) compared with virus from QIMR‐WIL cells (23 days) suggests that strain differences exist.
Comparative study of lung carcinogenesis, promoting action in leukaemogenesis and initiating action in skin tumorigenesis by urethane, hydrazine and related compounds
Authors: Mirvish S. S. , Chen Louise , Haran‐Ghera Nechama , Berenblum I.
Published: February 2007

Urethane, N‐hydroxyurethane, hydrazine and some related compounds were tested in C57BL/6 and SWR mice for activity as lung carcinogens, promoters of X‐ray leukaemogenesis, and skin tumour initiators. Equimolar doses were used where possible. N‐hydroxyurethane (ethyl hydroxycarbamate) was as strongly coleukaemogenic as urethane, and equally or less active than urethane as a lung carcinogen. Methyl and n‐propyl hydroxycarbamates were inactive in all three tests, which suggests that the chemical specificity of urethane is not due to an ethyl‐specific N‐hydroxylating system. Acetylurethane showed considerable lung‐carcinogenic and coleukaemogenic activities, and N‐methoxyurethane (ethyl methoxycarbamate) and n‐propyl carbamate showed weak lung‐carcinogenic activities. Earlier reports that hydroxyurea is not a lung carcinogen were confirmed, but a weak coleukaemogenic effect was apparent. Hydrazine sulphate showed a weak but definite activity as lung carcinogen despite the low dose used, and on a molar basis appeared to be almost as active as urethane. Methylhydrazine sulphate was inactive.

The effects of single injections on the thymus weight of C57BL/6 mice were compared for four of the test compounds. N‐hydroxyurethane produced an earlier and stronger depression of thymus weight than urethane, n‐propyl hydroxycarbamate showed a definite but short‐lived effect, and n‐propyl carbamate was almost inactive. The results suggest that hydroxycarbamates exert a direct action on thymus weight, in addition to an action via conversion into the corresponding carbamates.
Report of the working group on studies of cancer and related diseases in migrant populations
Authors: Haenszel William
Published: February 2007

The great variation among populations in site‐specific cancer risks is well documented. Migrant populations, which represent an experiment of Nature, provide an observational setting in which the contributions of environmental factors and host characteristics to this variability can be investigated; to this end studies of selected migrant populations have been initiated during the past decade. To exchange information on techniques and ongoing investigations and to identify new opportunities for work, the UICC Committee on Studies of Migrant Populations organized a meeting of a Working Group at the East‐West Center in Honolulu from February 5 to 12. Scientists from 11 countries (Australia, Colombia, France, Israel, Japan, Norway, Poland, Singapore, South Africa, Switzerland, United States) participated.
The lipids of normal diploid (WI‐38) and sv40‐transformed human cells
Authors: Howard Barbara V. , Kritchevsky David
Published: February 2007

The lipids of human diploid cell strain WI‐38 and of a line derived from it by SV40 transformation have been studied. The lipid composition and fatty acid spectra of both resemble those reported for other tissue culture cells and human tissues. The lipids of the normal and transformed cells are similar except that there are decreases in the content of phospholipids and of arachidonic acid in the transformed cells. The ability of the cells to synthesize lipids was assayed in a „resting”︁ cell system. Both cell types were able to incorporate labelled acetate into their component neutral lipids and phospholipids, but the rates observed were lower than that required for cell growth. Elevation in the rate of cholesterol synthesis was observed in the transformed cells. The data are discussed in relation to other reports in the literature on lipids and neoplasms.
Studies on bovine lymphosarcoma: Formation of syncytia and detection of virus particles in mixed‐cell cultures
Authors: Cornefert‐Jensen F. R. , Hare W. C. D. , Stock N. D.
Published: February 2007

This paper reports studies on mixed‐cell cultures of human diploid embryonic lung (WI‐38) cells, embryonic bovine tracheal (EBTr) cells, and bovine embryonic kidney (BEK) cells with thoracic duct lymphocytes and buffy coat cells from lymphosarcoma and normal cattle, and lymphocytes from lymphosarcoma cattle that have been established as cell lines (NBC) in suspension culture. Peripolesis and emperipolesis were very pronounced during the first hours after initiation of mixed cultures with „lymphosarcoma”︁ lymphocytes, whereas little or no peripolesis or emperipolesis characterized mixed cultures with „normal”︁ lymphocytes. Syncytial formation, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and nuclear abnormalities occurred in all the mixed cultures containing cells from lymphosarcoma animals. Cells from normal animals did not provoke the characteristic cytopathic effect, with the exception of buffy coat cells from one animal. Interferon was demonstrated in some of the syncytia‐positive cultures. The data suggest that the cultures were infected with a latent syncytial virus. Immunological data indicate that this virus was not infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine parainfluenza 3, or bovine viral diarrhea, and preliminary serological data suggest that the lymphosarcoma animals may develop neutralizing antibodies against it. In two cell lines derived from mixed cultures of WI‐38 and EBTr with NBC‐17, numerous virus particles were observed by electron microscopy both extracellularly and, in many instances, budding from the plasma membranes or from cytoplasmic vacuole membranes. The possible relationship of the virus to bovine lymphosarcoma remains to be elucidated.
Relative ultraviolet radiation target size of certain functions of the polyoma virus
Authors: Meyer G. , Lhérisson‐Straboni A. M. , Bonneau H.
Published: February 2007

It has been shown earlier for polyoma virus that the radiation target size for ability to transform is five times smaller than for ability to form plaques.

In the present experiments ultraviolet irradiation has been applied in a similar manner in order to study two further characteristics of polyoma virus: ability to induce nuclear T antigen and ability to induce homograft rejection antigen. The results show that about half the viral genome is required for the former but only a sixth for the latter.

It is concluded that the more sensitive attribute of the virus (determining nuclear T antigen) is present in cells transformed by the more resistant part of the viral genome. This is explained by the fact that after irradiation, a larger number of virions can cause abortive infection of cells that can cause transformation, thus leading to a relative increase in the power to transform.
Malignant tumors in chinese a report based on biopsy and autopsy material from chinese in hong kong
Authors: Belamaric Juan
Published: February 2007

In order to determine the relative frequency of various forms of cancer occurring among Chinese in Hong Kong, 5,634 histologically proven malignant tumors were tabulated according to the source of material, age and sex of the patient, and primary site and histologic type of the tumor. The findings were compared with observations made on Chinese in other parts of Asia. The high relative frequency in the Hong Kong population of carcinomas of the nasopharynx, liver and chorion was confirmed; penile carcinoma was found to be less common than hitherto believed; attention was directed to the relative infrequency of carcinoma of the prostate gland and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip.
The epidemiology of breast cancer; Review and prospects
Authors: de Waard F.
Published: February 2007

In the epidemiology of a disease, which is multifactorial to such an extent as we believe breast cancer to be, attention should be paid even to “weak” factors and an attempt should be made to assign a place to them in an aetiologic system which is biologically sound. Medical knowledge will help us in doing this, and the exercises in “metabolic epidemiology” will be as useful as statistical manipulations and computer programming.

Two developments seem to be taking place, one of them being the teamwork between analytic epidemiology and biochemistry; the other is that we are begining to realize that most so‐called chronic diseases of relatively high prevalence are like icebergs in the sea with a vast amount of subclinical abnormalities in the “healthy” population (and therefore in our control groups).
Studies on serum‐mediated inhibition of cellular immunity to spontaneous mouse mammary tumors
Authors: Heppner G. H.
Published: February 2007

Sera from mice which have either spontaneously developed a mammary tumor, or which have been immunized against such a tumor, have been shown capable of abrogating the ability of lymph‐node cells from these mice to specifically inhibit colony formation by mammary tumor cells in vitro. Sera from mice sensitized to another, independently arising, syngeneic mammary tumor or to a syngeneic Moloney sarcoma virus‐induced tumor are less active in this respect, indicating that this reaction is specific. It is suggested that these observations are related to the in vivo phenomenon called immunological enhancement.
Antibodies in patients with Burkitt's tumor and leukemia: Comparison of two fluorescence tests
Authors: Goldman Morris , Bushar Harry F. , Reisher Joel I.
Published: February 2007

Membrane and cytoplasmic fluorescence tests were performed on 132 sera from normal controls and patients with Burkitt's tumor or leukemia. Antigen consisted of four lymphoblast cultures, two containing and two lacking a herpes‐type virus. Essentially all tests were negative with the virus‐free lines, but gross discrepancies occurred between the tests with the cell lines that contained virus.
Studies on plasma membranes. IX. A survey of enzyme activities displayed by plasma membranes isolated from normal and preneoplastic livers and primary and transplanted hepatomas of the rat
Authors: Emmelot P. , Bos C. J.
Published: February 2007

Plasma membranes were isolated from normal rat livers, livers of rats fed for various periods of time with 4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene (4‐DAB), primary hepatomas, and transplants of hepatoma 484. The tissues were homogenized in three media, i.e. 1 mM HCO3 of pH 7.5, 1 mM NaHCO3 containing 2 mM CaCl2, and 2.8 mM citric acid. The isolated plasma membranes were assayed for enzymes previously demonstrated in plasma membranes isolated from rat‐liver homogenates prepared in 1 mM NaHCO3.

Enzyme levels in liver membranes obtained from dilute citric acid homogenates differed markedly from those obtained following tissue homogenization in the bicarbonate media. The hepatoma‐484 membranes obtained from citric acid homogenates resembled enzymatically those isolated from bicarbonate‐CaCl2 medium. Of the three homogenization media employed, 1 mM NaHCO3‐2 mM CaCl2 (CaCl2 being required for the isolation of hepatoma‐484 membranes, but being optional for liver) yielded membranes most suitable for a comparative investigation.

None of the enzymes present in liver membranes was absent from the hepatoma‐484 membranes. Hexokinase was present in the latter but absent from liver and primary‐hepatoma membranes. No difference in specific enzyme activities between liver and hepatoma‐484 membranes was observed for acid nitrophenylphosphatase, acetylphosphatase, K+‐acetylphosphatase, glucose‐6‐phosphatase and, as formerly shown, leucyl‐β‐naphthylamidase. Alkaline and acid glycerolphosphatases, alkaline nitrophenylphosphatase and alkaline K+‐nitrophenylphosphatase, alkaline and acid phosphodiesterases, and (Na±K+) ATPase were from slightly to markedly increased in the hepatoma as compared with liver membranes, The ATPase, 5′‐mononucleotidase, “neutral” nitrophenylphosphatase and “neutral” K+‐nitrophenylphosphatase, inosine diphosphatase and non‐specific esterase activities were lower in hepatoma than in liver membranes.

Alkaline glycerolphosphatase and acid phosphodiesterase increased and ATPase and non‐specific esterase decreased in activity with the development of the neoplastic process to reach, respectively, the highest and the lowest levels in the membranes of the transplanted hepatoma.
Direct membrane fluorescence reaction of EBV‐carrying human lymphoblastoid cells: Blocking tests with xenogeneic antisera
Authors: Bremberg Sven , Klein George , Epstein Anthony
Published: February 2007

The direct membrane fluorescence reaction obtained between a fluorescein‐conjugated reference antiserum of a Burkitt lymphoma patient (Mutua) and the EBV‐associated membrane antigen complex carried on lymphoblastoid cell lines of Burkitt lymphoma or infectious mononucleosis origin was evaluated with regard to its ability to distinguish between anti‐species and anti‐EBV antibodies in heterologous (rabbit) antisera. The serum of a rabbit immunized with EB virus concentrate gave fair to very good blocking of the direct membrane reaction with the Mutua conjugate. The sera of rabbits immunized with chronic lymphatic leukemia cells were free of significant blocking activity. Sera of three rabbits immunized with Burkitt lymphoma biopsies gave significant blocking in several tests. It is concluded that the EBV‐determined surface antigen receptors can be distinguished from species‐specific membrane antigen sites and that this type of approach may be helpful to study the mutual relationships of antigenic structures identified by auto‐, allo‐ and heteroantibodies, respectively.
Chromosomal analysis of some transplanted tumors induced by 3‐methylcholanthrene in golden hamsters
Authors: Popescu N. C. , Cioloca Lidia , Liciu Florentina , Encut I.
Published: February 2007

Three primary tumors induced by 3‐MCA in the golden hamster, with a diploid chromosome constitution and a short latency period, were allogeneically transplanted. Three tumor lines with a total of 19 individual transplanted tumors were chromosomally analyzed. None of the originally diploid tumors preserved its chromosomal constitution in allogeneic serial transplantation. A model of heteroploid transformation was established. In two tumor lines the presence of host cells was observed and in one line at advanced passages a new tumor‐cell population occurred with multiple severe chromosomal aberrations derived from the host cells. No specific chromosomal changes could be observed, but each line was characterized by chromosomal markers and a non‐random distribution in some chromosome groups was identified.

The spontaneous occurrence of chromosomal aberrations with a very high incidence occurring in the host cells at advanced passages could not be accounted for by direct action of the chemical substance and possible secondary factor/s of a viral or metabolic nature are discussed.
Inactivation of an x‐irradiated tumor by independent processes in in vivo
Authors: Maruyama Yosh , Ackerman Eugene , Khan Faiz M.
Published: February 2007

An inactivation model is postulated for tumor‐cell radiation response in vivo based upon the response to multiple independent processes. These are intrinsic cell radiation response (Process 1), and immunological host resistance (Process 2). A composite dose‐effect relationship which arises is described. Experimental data found with the LSA mouse lymphoma are analyzed and show agreement with the model proposed.
Malignant and transforming activity of rous sarcoma virus. II. The study of variants of rous sarcoma virus isolated from mouse tumours
Authors: Obukh I. B. , Kryukova I. N.
Published: February 2007

Virus variants from Af mouse tumours induced by syngeneic cultured cells infected with Carr‐Zilber strain of Rous sarcoma virus were studies. These variants were highly oncogenic for adult mice and golden hamsters thus differing from the original Carr‐Zilber strain. The coat antigens of these viruses were not different from those of the original strain. By means of fusion with normal chicken fibroblasts an RSV variant was isolated from transformed non‐malignant cultures. This virus did not differ, in its oncogenicity for adult hamsters and mice, from variants isolated from mouse tumours.
TNM clinical stage classification of breast cancer
Authors: Berndt H. , Titze U.
Published: February 2007

During the years 1949 to 1959, 627 patients with breast cancer were treated as in‐patients in the Robert Rössle Clinic. The 5‐year survival rates are available for all of them and the 10‐year survival rates for 475. Careful recording of the clinical findings prior to therapy made it possible to classify the patients into TNM groups respectively according to the UICC Committee's recommendations. T groups 1 and 2 are sufficiently homogeneous but groups T3 and T4 apparently are not. Not all criteria suggested for classification are suitably chosen. The TNM classification can be used clinically but its advantages are mostly lost when the TNM groups are combined into clinical stages. Stage III, in particular, comprises too many TNM groups differing too much from each other. Some proposals are made for the further development of the TNM classification.
Serum complement level in patients with leukemia
Authors: Yoshikawa Satoshi , Yamada Kazumasa , Yoshida Takato O.
Published: February 2007

The serum complement level was studied in 94 cases of patients with myelogenous and lymphogenous leukemia, including long‐term survivors. Studies on serial changes in the serum complement level at exacerbation stage and at remission stage in 10 patients with acute leukemia were carried out separately. In two cases of acute myelogenous leukemia, serum complement levels were followed up during the course of the clinical stage. Serum complement levels in the majority of cases of chronic leukemia patients studied remained within the range of healthy control complement levels, while wide variations were noted in acute leukemic patients, especially in those at the stage of exacerbation. In lymphogenous leukemic patients, complement levels showed a larger variation with a trend of either higher or lower values as compared to those of both healthy control subjects and myelogenous leukemia. The serum complement levels showed a tendency to fluctuate in accordance with the exacerbation and the remission of the disease, and in the majority of cases a normal serum complement level was seen at the stage of remission. Correlation between C'H50 values and C'I‐A50 values in patient sera was not found among the limited number of cases studied.
Studies on group‐specific antigens in tumours induced with avian tumour viruses in rats
Authors: Thurzo V. , Šimkovičová M. , Šimkovič D.
Published: February 2007

Group‐specific complement‐fixing antigen (GS antigen) was studied by the complement‐fixation test in various avian and mammalian tumours, induced with the following strains of avian tumour virus (ATV): Schmidt‐Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (SR‐RSV), Prague strain of RSV (PR‐RSV), Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV) and Bratislava 77 virus (B77V).

All primary tumours induced in chicks by SR‐RSV, FSV and B77V, as well as all duck tumours induced with B77V, contained high titres of GS antigen when studied with high‐titre rabbit antiserum against purified GS antigen of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV). In three out of six B77V‐induced rat tumours (two virus‐producing and one non‐virogenic) high titres of GS antigen were detected when examined with rabbit antiserum and with some rat sera obtained from tumour‐bearing animals. In three remaining B77V‐induced virogenic rat tumours (C21, C22 and C23), GS antigen was not detected with rabbit antiserum; however, sera obtained from these three tumour‐bearing rats contained high titres of GS antibodies when tested with different GS antigens. Positive results were obtained also with PR‐RSV‐induced virogenic rat tumour XC. However, all attempts to detect GS antigen in one SR‐RSV induced virogenic rat tumour (MRI) gave negative results. Possible heterogeneity of ATV‐induced GS antigen in mammalian tumours is discussed.
Localisation cellulaire d'un antigène embryonnaire de tumeurs coliques humaines
Authors: Kleist Sabine Von , Burtin Pierre
Published: February 2007

Une étude microscopique en immunofluorescence a été entreprise pour localiser l'antigène carcino‐embryonnaire (ACE), isolé auparavant de tumeurs coliques humaines. Des coupes à congélation de tissu péritumoral, non tumoral, de muqueuse colique normale et d'intestins fœtaux ont été examinées en utilisant la méthode indirecte de Coons. Des images caractéristiques de fluorescence ont été observées lorsque l'immun‐sérum anti‐antigène carcino‐embryonnaire (ACE) a été employé. Dans les tumeurs et dans l'intestin fœtal, les membranes libres des cellules bordant la lumière des glandes sont devenues fortement fluorescentes révélant ainsi la présence de l'ACE. Quand l'antisérum est absorbé par l'ACE, cette réaction disparaǐt. Des contrǒles avec des antisérums différents ne donnent pas les měmes résultats. Ceci est en faveur de la spécificité des images obtenues.
Culture in vitro d'une lignée cellulaire provenant d'un lymphosarcome humain. I. Cytochimie, cytogénétique et ultrastructure cellulaire
Authors: Suárez Horacio Guillermo , de Salum Sonia Brieux , Pavlovsky Santiago , Ruibal Beatriz , Pavlovsky Alfredo
Published: February 2007

La morphologie, la cytochimie, la cytogénétique et I'ultrastructure d'une lignée transforniée in vitroprovenant d'un lymphosarroine humarn ont été étudiées. Les cellules, en culture depuis plus d'un an, sont des cellules blastiques très primitives et ne présentant aucune ressemblance avec les cellules originales, qui étaient des lymphocytes et lymphoblastes typiques. A I'origine, la population cellulaire en culture se composait rle cellules en suspension de type lymphoïde et de fibroblastes fixés au verre. A partir de la 4e semaine, de grosses cellules rondes adjacentes aux fibroblastes sont apparues. Leur nombre a augmenté progressivement, donnant lieu à la population cellulaire blastomateuse définitive. Les fibroblastes ont disparu aux environs de la 14e semaine après la mise en culture. A partir de ce moment‐là, les cellules ont poussé en suspension sans l'aide d'une couche alimentaire. Du point de vue cytochimique, les cellules étaient fortement PAS‐positives, mais peroxidase‐, phosphatase‐alcaline‐et phosphatase‐acide‐négatives. L'analyse cytogénétique a montré un chiffre modal polyploïde, avec une dispersion irrégulière autour de la valeur diploïde. Les chromosomes surnuméraires appartenaient aux groupes de Denver; ils prédominaient dans les groupes 6–12 + X, 19–20 et 21–22. Un chromosome “marqueur” long acrocentrique était présent dans 90% des mitoses. La microscopie électronique a montré la présence de cellules blastiques indifférenciées avec un cytoplasme riche en organites, des noyaux avec un ou plusieurs grands nucléoles et une chromatine lǎche. Quelques cellules présentaient des particules dont la morphologie et la taille étaient très irrégulières (80–120 μ) et qui peuvent ětre considérées comme des produits de sécrétion métabolique. D'autres cellules montraient des inclusions dans le cytoplasme, les mitochondries et le noyau, qui ne peuvent pas ětre interprétées. Les cellules ne contenaient pas d'antigènes de fixation du complément ou agents cytopathogènes de type Polyome, SV40 et Adénovirus. Cette transformation cellulaire pourrait ětre dépendante d'une complémentation entre les éléments fibroblastiques et lymphoïdes. Il est impossible d'établir actuellement si cette transformation est due à une modification génétique ou bien à l'incorporation d'un agent viral inconnu.
Report on controlled therapeutic trials in progress registered by the information office of the committee on controlled therapeutic trials of the UICC
Authors: Flamant R.
Published: February 2007

The Committee on Controlled Therapeutic Trials (Commission of Clinical Oncology, International Union Against Cancer) has decided to establish an information office. The office collects the basic information on controlled clinical trials, planned or in progress, and distributes the filed information in order to assist investigators in the field. Information is made available either by direct request from the Secretary of the Committee or by periodically published lists. The first list of trials reported to the Office is presented.
Persistance de la synthèse de RNA extranucléolaires dans le foie de rats traités par la lasiocarpine. étude par autoradiographie a haute résolution
Authors: Monneron Ariane , Kerros Nicole
Published: February 2007

La synthèse résiduelle de RNA dans le foie de rats soumis à une injection de lasiocarpine a été étudiée par autoradiographie à haute résolution après administration d'uridine tritiée. Les blocs ont été débarrassés autant que possible des précurseurs acido‐solubles marqués du RNA, et une technique très sensible de développement a été choisie, compte tenu de la forte inhibition de synthèse du RNA chez les animaux traités. Le marquage est très faible au niveau des nucléoles. Il est présent sur le nucléoplasme, en particulier le long de la chromatine compacte et sur les grains interchromatiniens. Les inclusions nucléaires induites par la lasiocarpine sont également marquées. Le fonctionnement de la RNA‐polymérase est donc moins affecté par la lasiocarpine au niveau des sites de transcription extranucléolaire qu'il ne l'est dans les nucléoles. Ces résultats sont rapprochés d'études faites sur des noyaux isolés de rats traités par la lasiocarpine et synthétisant des RNA in vitro.
Présence D'une Ferroprotéine D'origine Tissulaire, L'α2H, dans le Sérum des Enfants Porteurs de Tumeurs
Authors: Buffe D. , Rimbaut C. , Lemerle J. , Schweisguth O. , Burtin P. , Rudant C. H.
Published: February 2007

A l'aide d'un antisérum marqué à l'iode 131, nous avons mis en évidence par radio‐immunodiffusion une protéine d'origine tissulaire, l'α2H, dans le sérum de 81% des enfants porteurs de tumeurs. Sur les 122 sérums d'enfants normaux ou atteints d'affections bénignes, 10 seulement étaient positifs soit 8%. L'intérět clinique de ce test est discuté.
Effect of azathioprine on the chromosome complement of human bone marrow cells
Authors: Jensen Mogens Krogh
Published: February 2007

Chromosome studies were performed on bone marrow aspirates from 15 patients treated with azathioprine. In most patients the immunosuppressive therapy produced structural changes of the chromosome complement. The structural chromosome aberrations disappeared after cessation of therapy. In four patients no evidence of chromosome abnormalities could be found during therapy with azathioprine. It is proposed that the study of bone marrow cells may be more important than that of short‐term leukocyte cultures when estimating the chromosome damaging properties of some chemical agents.
Comparison of the anti‐ebv titer and the ebv‐associated membrane reactive and precipitating antibody levels in the sera of burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and controls
Authors: Klein G. , Geering G. , Old L. J. , Henle G. , Henle W. , Clifford P.
Published: February 2007

Comparisons were made between 151 sera from 131 donors with Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other tumors of the head and neck area, from patients having had infectious mononucleosis and from healthy controls, in three EBV‐associated serological tests: intracellular immunofluorescence on fixed smears of EBV‐carrying lymphoblastoid cell lines (“anti‐EBV‐reaction”), blocking of membrane fluorescence on similar lines and immunoprecipitation against the soluble antigen extracted from the EBV‐carrying P3J culture line. Anti‐EBV and membrane blocking antibody levels showed concordant patterns in 122 sera (81%) and discordant in 29 (19%), in agreement with previous results. If the anti‐EBV and the precipitin tests are compared, 81.5% of the sera gave concordant and 18.5 discordant results. Blocking of membrane reactivity gave concordant results with the precipitin test in 71.5% of the sera whereas 28.5% were discordant. All three tests gave concordant results in 67% of the serum material; this figure fits expectations if it is assumed that the probability of an association between the anti‐EBV titer and the membrane blocking antibody level is independent of the probability of an association between the anti‐EBV titer and the antibody detected by the precipitin test. Analysis of the serological patterns in relation to disease categories shows that the sera of patients with head and neck tumors other than carcinoma of the post‐nasal space or Burkitt's lymphoma fell mainly within the low reactive categories. Sera from nasopharyngeal carcinoma and African Burkitt lymphoma patients showed the opposite behavior, with a majority of highly reactive sera according to all three tests. Most control sera were negative or low in all three tests. In one Burkitt patient, the serological findings could be related to the clinical course of the disease; high membrane reactive antibody levels were seen in the course of tumor regression, but fell to low levels before and immediately after recurrence. Precipitating antibodies showed the opposite pattern, being absent during regression and highly positive after recurrence.
Immunotherapy of primary moloney sarcoma‐virus‐induced tumors
Authors: Fefer A.
Published: February 2007

Adult mice inoculated with MSV develop tumors, 90% of which undergo immunologically‐mediated regression. Sublethal cyclophosphamide (CY) administered to such tumor‐bearing mice prevented regression, so that 58/60 mice died with tumors. As hosts for immunotherapy, adult BALB/c mice bearing primary tumors and given CY were injected with BALB/c spleen cells. Cumulatively, 80/85 tumors treated with cells from mice immunized with MSV completely regressed, whereas only 6/92 tumors regressed after treatment with normal or non‐specifically immunized cells, or with non‐viable immune cells. The anti‐tumor effect of CY was not essential for the immunotherapeutic effect of cells. Similar experiments were performed with allogeneic spleen cells. DBA cells were effective only if specifically pre‐immunized with MSV or BALB/c Moloney sarcoma cells. Mice treated with cells from C57BI/6 donors immunized with MSV died tumor‐free with graft‐versus‐host disease, whereas mice given non‐immunized cells died of graft‐versus‐host disease with tumor. Studies with gamma‐globulin allotype as a marker for donor cells suggested that immune cells may have to persist in the host for some time in order to be effective against the tumor. Finally, specific serotherapy was only moderately effective as compared to cellular therapy.
Spleen foci and polycythemia in C57BI mice infected with host‐adapted friend leukemia virus
Authors: Steeves R. A. , Mirand E. A. , Bulba A. , Trudel P. J.
Published: February 2007

The host range of Friend leukemia virus was altered significantly by passage in newborn C57Bl mice. Two virus isolates (BSB and BB6), derived from the original Friend virus stock, induced the familiar “Friend disease” and polycythemia in suckling or adult C57Bl mice. However, both isolates differed from the parent virus in Swiss mice by their longer latent period and lower mortality in adult C57Bl mice. Replication of spleen focus‐forming virus (SFFV) from either isolate was limited in suckling mice and barely detectable in adult C57Bl mice. Host susceptibility to SFFV in the BSB isolate varied according to age in young adult C57Bl mice, and was also affected by a gene closely linked with or at the Histocompatibility‐2 locus. Spleen focus formation by either BSB or BB6 in adult BALB/c mice gave one‐hit dose‐response relationships, in contrast to the multiple‐hit relationship obtained with the parent virus. Thus, infection of C57Bl mice with either of two host‐adapted viruses resulted in the development of polycythemia and splenomegaly without extensive SFFV replication, in contrast to earlier observations with the original Friend virus preparation in Swiss mice. Even with the present virus‐host system, however, there was an association between virus replication and the virulence of the induced disease. In addition, there was an association between adaptation of SFFV to the C57Bl strain and an increased concentration of either helper virus or competent virions. Reasons for the low virus titers in several mouse strains and for the limited virus replication in the two strains tested were not apparent.
Effect of autologous mammary tumour extracts on human leukocyte migration in vitro
Authors: Andersen Vagn , Bjerrum Ole , Bendixen Gunnar , Schiødt Torben , Dissing Inger
Published: February 2007

In eight out of 22 patients with mammary carcinoma, extract of tumour tissue induced inhibition of autologous leukocyte migration in vitro, demonstrating a state of cellular (delayed type) hypersensitivity. Non‐tumorous tissue did not inhibit migration. The effect of the carcinoma extracts was not due to non‐specific toxicity, since the migration of leukocytes from matched controls was not affected by the extracts.

In nine cases of benign mammary lesions, extracts of autologous mammary tissue did not induce inhibition of migration.

Preliminary results of follow‐up studies in some of the carcinoma patients are reported.
Hemolysin production in spleen and peripheral blood cells from normal and leukemic chicks. I. Quantitative assay
Authors: Lagerlöf Bengt , Sundelin Pär
Published: February 2007

Cell suspensions from spleen, peripheral blood, thymus and bursa of Fabricius of normal chicks and cells from spleen and peripheral blood of chicks with myeloid leukemia were investigated by the hemolytic plaque technique. Spleen cells from normal chicks older than 14 days produced maximum relative numbers of hemolytic foci 5 days after immunization. No signs of hemolysin production were found in cells from peripheral blood, thymus or bursa of Fabricius from non‐leukemic chicks.

Spleen cell suspensions from many chicks with myeloid leukemia produced fewer hemolytic foci than spleen cells from normal chicks. However, in some leukemic chicks the immunological reactivity per spleen was similar to that of non‐leukemic spleens. In these chicks white cells in peripheral blood were also capable of PFU formation.
Hemolysin production in spleen and peripheral blood cells from normal and leukemic chicks. II. Ultrastructural analysis of the plaque‐forming cells
Authors: Lagerlöf Bengt , Sundelin Par
Published: February 2007

The cells of normal and leukemic chicks producing hemolytic plaques in agar after stimulation with SRBC have been examined ultrastructurally. The plaque‐forming cells from non‐leukemic chicks were generally plasma cells. This was also the case for 21 of 30 plaques formed by spleen or peripheral blood cells from chicks with myeloid leukemia, while in the nine remaining plaques the plaque‐forming cells were very immature blast cells.
Effect of metabolic inhibitors on membrane immunofluorescence reactivity of established burkitt lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Yata J. , Klein G. , Hewetson J. , Gergely L.
Published: February 2007

The expression of the EBV‐associated membrane antigen complex was studied in three lines of cultured Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells after exposure to various metabolic inhibitors and X‐irradiation. Direct membrane immunofluorescence (MIF) with a BL reference conjugate (F‐Mutua) revealed a high percentage of positive cells in two of the cell lines (Maku and Onesmas), provided they were cultured under conditions previously defined as optimal for the expression of the membrane antigen. The third cell line (Silfere) contained less than 5% MIF‐positive cells regardless of the culture conditions. Mitomycin C, actinomycin D, methotrexate and X‐irradiation increased the frequency of positive cells in Maku and Onesmas cultures kept under conditions favoring a low membrane antigen expression. Puromycin decreased the frequency of MIF‐positive cells in highly positive cultures from 50% to less than 10%. The increase or decrease in MIF became apparent 3 days after application of the inhibitor. Cytosine arabinoside and low temperature (31°C and 28°C) had no effect on MIF in cultures with either high or low membrane antigen expression, although cell growth was suppressed. In the Silfere cell line, none of the inhibitors studied had any effect on the expression of the membrane antigens.
Histochemical study on rat liver glycogen during dab carcinogenesis
Authors: Forget A. , Daoust R.
Published: February 2007

The distribution of glycogen in livers of DAB‐fed rats has been examined by the PAS reaction. At early stages of DAB feeding, a loss of glycogen was observed in cells of centrolobular areas undergoing a degenerative process. Intense glycogen staining was shown, on the other hand, by the hyperplastic nodules which develop from cells of periportal areas. At later stages, the formation of hyperbasophilic foci was found to be accompanied by a loss of glycogen, and the hepatomas, which apparently arise from such foci, were PAS‐negative.

It thus seems that a radical change in glycogen metabolism is associated with the neoplastic transformation. Alterations inglycogen metabolism being considered irrelevant to neoplasia per se, these results suggest that hyperbasophilic foci are the sites not only of modifications in the regulation of the cell cycle that initiate neoplastic growth but also of parallel changes responsible for secondary features of tumors.
Type‐C particles in human tissues. I. Electron microscopic study of embryonic tissues in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Chandra S. , Liszczak T. , Korol W. , Jensen E. M.
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐two early‐passage human embryonic cultures were examined in the electron microscope and one of them, derived from a muscle tissue, contained two budding and four mature type‐C virus particles. Of the 15 original embryonic tissues from five embryos, only one showed the presence of a virus‐like particle. It is of interest to note that the tissue specimens which contained virus‐like particles originated from the same embryo.
Type‐C particles in human tissues. II. Electron microscopic study of embryonic cultures infected with a murine leukemia virus
Authors: Chandra S. , Stephens R. , Wright B. S. , Korol W. , Zelljadt I. , Jensen E. M.
Published: February 2007

Type‐C virus particles are synthesized by cells from a number of human embryonic cultures infected with the Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RV). These particles have the characteristic morphology of the murine leukemia viruses. In some cultures, type‐C particles were also observed budding into the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum of a few cells. Virus particles in the vicinity of such cells were of “immature” type. In contrast, particles in the vicinity of those cells which did not synthesize intracisternal type‐C particle were of the “mature” type. It is not known if the “mature” intracisternal particles have the morphology of the “mature” extracellular type‐C particles.
Recovery from the inhibitory effect of X‐radiation on urethan lung adenomagenesis
Authors: Bartlett Gerald L.
Published: February 2007

Male (C2HfBiHe x Alele)F1 mice irradiated with 500 R 24 h prior to urethan treatment developed fewer lung adenomas than non‐irradiated, urethan‐treated mice. When irradiation was given two weeks before irrethan treatment, adenoma incidence was the some as in non‐irradiaetd controls, suggesting recovery fromthe tumorinhibitory effrect of radiation. The recovery was not prevented by thymectomy prior to irradiation.

Irradiation of female (C3HfBiHe × AjHe)F1 mice with 500 R did no significantly reduce the numver of adenomas induced by urethan.
The reversibility of inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis induced by aflatoxin in rat liver. A tentative explanation for carcinogenic mechanism
Authors: Lafarge C. , Frayssinet C.
Published: February 2007

Aflatoxin is a potent hepatocarcinogen. Biochemically the short‐term action which seems to be the most important is an inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. Injection of low doses (from 500 to 1,000 μg/kg) made it possible to modulate the different inhibitions induced by aflatoxin.

The following events are successively observed: first, inhibition of nucleolar RNA synthesis, then inhibition of replication and, finally, inhibition of total nuclear transcription. With such aflatoxin doses these phenomena are reversible, and the different syntheses recommence in the following order: after 24 h the total nuclear RNA synthesis; next, nucleolar RNA synthesis and lastly, after 48 h, DNA synthesis.

Therefore there is a period of at least 24 h during which RNA is synthesized and DNA is not.

These results may be compared to those obtained by other authors working in vitro and showing aflatoxin‐DNA binding. They support a hypothesis concerning the carcinogenesis mechanism proceeding by deletion at the genetic level.
Inhibitory effects of anti‐tumor platinum compounds on DNA, RNA and protein syntheses in mammalian cells in vitro
Authors: Harder Harold C. , Rosenberg Barnett
Published: February 2007

The inhibitory effects of anti‐tumor, bacterial filament forming platinum compounds, Cis‐Pt(II) (NH3)2Cl2 (A), Cis‐Pt(IV) (NH3)2Cl4 (B), and Pt(II) (NH2)2(CH2)2Cl2(C) on DNA, RNA and protein syntheses was measured by the incorporation of 3H‐thymidine, 3H‐uridine, and 3H‐L‐leucine, respectively, into an acid‐insoluble polymer in human amnion AV3 cells. Compound A, the most effective tumor‐inhibiting platinum compound, was shown to selectively inhibit DNA synthesis below 5μM and to inhibit 3H‐thymidine incorporation more rapidly than 3H‐uridine or 3H‐leucine incorporation at 25μM. Like A, compounds B and C were also shown to inhibit all three processes after a 24‐hour period of treatment at 25μM. A correlation was established between the relative anti‐tumor effectiveness of compounds A, B, and C and the extent of their inhibitory effects. On the other hand, two non‐tumor‐inhibiting platinum compounds, [Pt(II) (NH3)4]Cl2 (D) and Trans‐Pt(IV) (NH3)2Cl4 (E) had no inhibitory effects, except compound E, which exhibited a rapid initial inhibition of 3H‐L‐leucine incorporation at 100μM. The inhibition of 3H‐thymidine incorporation into cells pretreated 4 h with 5μM of compounds A, B, and C was shown to be irreversible. Finally the inhibition of the incorporation of 3H‐thymidine into DNA by A was shown not to be caused by the inhibition of the uptake of the tracer into the acid‐soluble pool. A number of possible explanations for the greater sensitivity of DNA synthesis and the sequential inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis at higher concentrations are suggested.
Upper respiratory tract tumors induced in syrian hamsters by N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea
Authors: Herrold Katherine McD.
Published: February 2007

Syrian hamsters were treated weekly for 2 1/2 months by intratracheal instillation of N‐nitroso‐N‐methylurea (NMU). All the animals, with the exception of one that survived to 11 months of age, were killed between 5 and 7 months because of severe respiratory insufficiency. Tumors, often multicentric in origin and frequently at different sites, developed in the nasopharyngeal tube, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, esophagus and forestomach. Histologically the tumors were epidermoid carcinomas. No distant metastases were observed.

The results indicate that NMU exerts a strong local carcinogenic action when applied topically to the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract of Syrian hamsters. The wide spectrum of lesions, benign and malignant tumors, that occur following parenteral administration of NMU were not seen.