bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herpes simplex virus type 2 associated with HIV infection among New York heterosexuals living in high-risk areas
Authors: Hagan H , Jenness S M , Wendel T , Murrill C R , Neaigus A , Gelpi-Acosta C
Published: October 2010

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) has been shown to increase the risk of sexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. A matched case-control design was used to examine the association between HSV-2 and HIV infection among heterosexuals in ‘high-risk areas’ (HRAs) in New York City (NYC). We identified NYC HRAs using HIV surveillance data on heterosexual-related adult HIV diagnoses and USA census data on household poverty. Heterosexuals who were socially or geographically linked to an HRA were recruited using respondent-driven sampling. HIV prevalence was 8.6% and HSV-2 prevalence was 80.1%. Only 6% of HIV-positives knew they were infected. HIV-positive cases were matched to HIV-negative controls on gender, race/ethnicity and age, and tested for antibody to HSV-2. In a multivariate model, HIV infection was associated with HSV-2 infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1–11.7) and non-HSV-related sexually transmitted infection diagnosis in the previous year (AOR = 2.6, 1.1–6.2). Effective approaches to HIV risk reduction for individuals with HSV-2 remain uncertain, and these are urgently needed in high-risk communities where multiple social, behavioural and biological factors that facilitate HIV infection coexist.
Development of a validated patient satisfaction survey for sexual health clinic attendees
Authors: Weston R L , Hopwood B , Harding J , Sizmur S , Ross J D C
Published: October 2010

Patient experience of and satisfaction with health-care services is increasingly being used to evaluate and guide health-care provision. A recent systematic review failed to identify a validated method of measuring patient satisfaction in sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics. The aim of this study was to design and validate a specific STI clinic patient satisfaction survey that could be used as a patient-derived outcome measure. Key themes of importance to patients were identified from a recent systematic review of STI clinic patient satisfaction surveys. Semi-structured interviews were performed with patients attending a sexual health clinic to further refine these themes, and then used to compile a patient questionnaire. Cognitive testing was used to provide face validity for the questionnaire design, layout and wording. The questionnaire was further reviewed and revised by the research team prior to being piloted over a five-week period. Five key patient themes were incorporated into the questionnaire and the pilot phase included responses from 936 patients. The completion rate for individual items and the whole questionnaire (95% [885/936]) was high. Internal consistency and validity also scored highly.
Secondary syphilis: the classical triad of skin rash, mucosal ulceration and lymphadenopathy
Authors: Mullooly C , Higgins S P
Published: October 2010

After years of declining incidence in many developed countries, syphilis infection has re-emerged as a major public health problem in the past decade. The secondary stage of syphilis epitomizes the capacity of the infection to present in myriad ways. The skin, lymph glands and mucosal membranes are the most commonly affected tissues.
On the relationship between job satisfaction and non‐response in employee attitude surveys: A longitudinal field study
Authors: Mueller Karsten , Voelkle Manuel C. , Hattrup Keith
Published: October 2010

A longitudinal modelling approach is used to examine the effect of job satisfaction on survey non‐response in an applied employee attitude survey. Members of a large electronics company were invited to participate in the survey in each of four consecutive years. Logistic autoregressive modelling revealed a significant effect of prior non‐response on subsequent non‐response. The odds of responding to the survey in any given year were more than twice as high for individuals who had responded to the same survey 1 year before, as compared with those who did not. Prior job satisfaction was also significantly related to subsequent survey non‐response. Participants who were more satisfied on a given occasion were more likely to respond 1 year later than those who were less satisfied. At the facet level, satisfaction with supervisors contributed incrementally to the prediction of survey non‐response in subsequent years. Implications for the theoretical and methodological development of non‐response research and for the practical implementation of employee attitude surveys are discussed.
Advancing validity of self‐efficacy in negotiation through focusing at the domain level
Authors: Miles Edward W. , Maurer Todd J.
Published: October 2010

Although self‐efficacy can exist at multiple levels of specificity (e.g., general self‐efficacy, domain‐level self‐efficacy, and task‐specific self‐efficacy), the negotiation literature has not explicitly dealt with negotiation self‐efficacy at the domain level. We introduce the conceptual background for domain‐level negotiation self‐efficacy and – in two contrasting studies – demonstrate the construct's ability to predict objective negotiated outcomes. Interestingly, domain‐level negotiation self‐efficacy predicted negotiation outcomes while task‐specific negotiation self‐efficacy did not. Implications of this counter‐intuitive finding are discussed.
Children and Youth With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Summary of Intervention Recommendations After Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Jirikowic Tracy , Gelo Julie , Astley Susan
Published: October 2010

Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) present with a wide range of developmental disabilities; however, clinical standards of care after a diagnosis are not well established. This retrospective review summarizes the types of intervention recommendations generated by an interdisciplinary FASD diagnostic team for 120 children ages 0.2 to 16.5 years receiving an FASD diagnosis at the University of Washington FAS Diagnostic & Prevention Network Clinic. Intervention recommendations documented in a FASD diagnostic summary report and submitted to each patient's medical record were subject to masked review and content analysis. Intervention recommendations were compared across 3 FASD diagnostic groups and selected demographic variables. The results show the type and frequency of services, supports, and resources recommended to a clinical sample of children with FASD.
Connecting to Community: What Do We Want in Our Special Education Graduates?
Authors: Hughes Stephen , George-Walker Linda De
Published: October 2010

With a commitment to establishing collaborative relationships with a local special education community, a consultation process was undertaken to ascertain what practising educators considered essential special education graduate characteristics. This consultation occurred against the backdrop of broad-scale university organisational restructure, faculty level program redesign, and the reported lack of an empirical basis for special education teacher attributes as distinct from general teacher education attributes. Special education professionals in a regional Australian city were invited to participate in two workshops to generate and analyse the qualities they considered essential for graduates of special education teacher preparation programs. The attributes identified by participants as essential were in agreement with many of those identified in the literature, yet behaviour support and resilience, which are typically subsumed within other categories in the literature, featured as stand-alone areas in this study. The processes and outcomes described in this article are discussed in relation to the potential value of special education teacher attributes for the field, and establishing a bridge across the perceived gap between the field and universities.
Consumption Effects of Bundling: Consumer Perceptions, Firm Actions, and Public Policy Implications
Authors: Sharpe Kathryn M. , Staelin Richard
Published: October 2010

The authors investigate consumer, firm, and policy implications of the fast-food marketing practice of bundling a soft drink and French fries with an entrée (i.e., “the combo meal”) and then offering these three items at a discount. The authors first demonstrate that this practice increases the customer's perceived value of the bundled items. In addition to the traditional economic rationale for consumer purchases of bundles, the authors find that consumers view the bundle as having value beyond the notion of a discount or the perception of the items as complements. The authors attribute this increased value to both the reduction in ordering costs and the promotional effects associated with purchasing the bundle. They also find that consumers become more price sensitive to all goods offered when bundled goods are offered. The authors use this knowledge to determine the impact of several public policy strategies that are focused on reducing consumers’ caloric intake. They demonstrate that proposed taxation on soft drinks has little effect on reducing overall caloric consumption when a bundle is present. They also show that it is possible to maintain profits while reducing caloric consumption by at least 10% if the industry as a whole reduces the portion sizes of drinks and fries associated with the combo meals.
Government Adoption of Sales Promotions: An Initial Appraisal
Authors: Quelch John A. , Jocz Katherine E.
Published: October 2010

Governments have begun to adopt sales promotions to shape household consumption. Successful private-sector promotions hinge on choice of goals, design parameters, and implementation, particularly coordination between manufacturers and retailers. In the public setting, additional considerations—including equitable and nondiscriminatory treatment of citizens, the influence of the political process on goal setting and program design, the lack of experience in managing marketing programs, and a high level of public scrutiny—may constrain their application. The authors evaluate two recent incentive programs implemented by the U.S. government—the TV Converter Box Coupon program and the “cash-for-clunkers” stimulus in the automotive industry. Both programs encountered problems with goal clarity, forecasting of consumer demand, contractor performance, and logistical coordination with retailers, necessitating legislative extensions. Despite these difficulties, both promotions met their specified short-term objectives, though long-term outcomes are less clear. Government-run consumer promotions are worth considering when there is good reason to shape the timing or amount of household consumption in a specific product category.
Development and validation of a combined method for the biomonitoring of omega-3/-6 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in different matrices from human and nutritional sources
Authors: Böcking Christian , Nockher Wolfgang Andreas , Schreiner Matthias , Renz Harald , Pfefferle Petra Ina
Published: October 2010

Background:During the last decade, the contribution of omega-3 and -6 long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) to the prevention and development of many inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases has been of growing interest. In order to investigate the etiology of these diseases, rapid, combined and comparable methods are invaluable for monitoring both the intake and the incorporation of these fatty acids (FA).

Methods:The fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were analyzed using a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC-FID) system and quantified with an internal standard (C18:0 iso).

Results:An effective and rapid protocol for sample preparation and the analysis of FAME was developed and validated. The comparison of different extraction methods showed that the Hara and Radin method gave the best results for serum and erythrocyte membranes. Excellent mean within-day and day-to-day precisions for serum, erythrocytes and cow's milk LC-PUFAs demonstrated the high reproduci-bility of the method. Recovery rates for FAMEs in serum and milk were close to 100%. In addition, high mean method linearity (R2) (>0.99) was shown for serum, erythrocytes and cow's milk. The sensitivity for FA achieved by GC analysis was acceptable.

Conclusion:With the newly adapted protocols, combined and rapid analyses of up to 46 FAMEs, including CLAs and omega-3/-6 LC-PUFAs, can be conducted with high reliability and reproducibility using serum, erythrocyte membranes or cow's milk. This provides a novel tool that can be easily implemented in epidemiological studies or clinical diagnostics.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1757–63.
Consent by Proxy for Nonurgent Pediatric Care
Authors: McAbee Gary N. ,   Committee on Medical Liability and Risk Management
Published: October 2010

Minor-aged patients are often brought to the pediatrician for nonurgent acute medical care, physical examinations, or health supervision visits by someone other than their legally authorized representative, which, in most situations, is a parent. These surrogates or proxies can be members of the child's extended family, such as a grandparent, adult sibling, or aunt/uncle; a noncustodial parent or stepparent in cases of divorce and remarriage; an adult who lives in the home but is not biologically or legally related to the child; or even a child care professional (eg, au pair, nanny). This report identifies common situations in which pediatricians may encounter “consent by proxy” for nonurgent medical care for minors, including physical examinations, and explains the potential for liability exposure associated with these circumstances. The report suggests practical steps that balance the need to minimize the physician's liability exposure with the patient's access to health care. Key issues to be considered when creating or updating office policies for obtaining and documenting consent by proxy are offered.
Behavioral Ecology of Color Patterns in Atka Mackerel
Authors: Lauth Robert R. , Guthridge Jared L. , Cooper Daniel W. , McEntire Scott W.
Published: October 2010

The behavioral ecology of seasonal and ephemeral variations in color patterns of Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius was investigated and is discussed relative to alternative mating tactics, reproductive condition, social status, and predation risk. Breeding males underwent a conspicuous seasonal color change during the mating and brooding period, resulting in one of two nuptial phenotypes. Type I males held and defended territories inside nesting colonies and had a uniform yellow coloration with a golden hue across the head and dorsum. Type II males were nonterritorial, hovered above the nesting colony, and attempted periodic forays into the nesting colony; their color was plain yellow with irregular dark blotches across the head and dorsum and a light patch on the nape. When displaced from their nests, type I males also showed dark blotches and a light patch on the nape, but these characteristics were less pronounced than those in type II males. The color of females and nonbreeding males was indistinguishable and exhibited little seasonal variation; however, females close to spawning showed an ephemeral darkening of the body with white spots and patches along the dorsum. Nonbreeding males and females undergoing diel migrations also showed the same pattern across the dorsum but without darkening. The overall mean ratio of males to females in the trawl-sampled population was 1.22:1.00, of which 44.9% were females, 40% were nonbreeding males, 9.8% were intermediate males (with characteristics intermediate between those of breeding and nonbreeding males), and 5.3% were breeding males. The proportion of breeding males was 12 times higher inside nesting colonies than outside the colonies. The mean fork length (FL) of intermediate and breeding males was larger (by ≤1 cm) than that of females or nonbreeding males. Understanding the behavioral ecology of Atka mackerel is important to the development of a comprehensive ecological index for monitoring and assessing the reproductive health of Atka mackerel stocks.
Prevalência e fatores associados ao cuidado domiciliar a idosos
Authors: Del Duca Giovâni Firpo , Thumé Elaine , Hallal Pedro Curi
Published: October 2010

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência do cuidado domiciliar a idosos e identificar fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 598 indivíduos com idade > 60 anos, selecionados em amostragem por conglomerado em dois estágios na cidade de Pelotas, RS, entre 2007 e 2008. O cuidado domiciliar foi definido a partir da resposta positiva à seguinte pergunta: "O(A) Sr.(a) tem alguém aqui na sua casa para cuidar do(a) Sr.(a)?". Dados sobre potenciais fatores associados ao cuidado domiciliar foram coletados em questionário padronizado. Empregou-se o modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta nas análises bruta e ajustada levando-se em consideração a amostragem por conglomerados. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de cuidado domiciliar foi de 49,5% (IC95%: 44,5;54,5). Entre aqueles que tinham cuidador, 39,5% relataram ser cuidados por esposo(a), enquanto a opção cuidador contratado foi relatada por 4,7% dos idosos. Na análise ajustada, observou-se associação do cuidado domiciliar com o sexo masculino, ter companheiro(a), aumento da idade e presença de incapacidade funcional para atividades instrumentais da vida diária. A escolaridade e o nível de atividade física apresentaram associação inversa com a ocorrência de cuidado domiciliar. CONCLUSÕES: A alta prevalência de cuidado domiciliar encontrada pode causar sobrecarga aos familiares, responsáveis pela maioria do cuidado prestado. Esses achados são importantes para o planejamento de ações em saúde destinadas à assistência ao idoso e familiares. Atenção específica deve ser destinada a indivíduos com idade avançada, baixa escolaridade e com incapacidade para atividades instrumentais da vida diária.
Chlorination disinfection by-products in drinking water and congenital anomalies: review and meta-analyses
Authors: Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J. , Martinez David , Grellier James , Bennett James , Best Nicky , Iszatt Nina , Vrijheid Martine , Toledano Mireille B.
Published: October 2010

This study aims to review epidemiologic evidence of the association between exposure to chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs) and congenital anomalies. All epidemiologic studies that evaluated a relationship between an index of DBP exposure and risk of congenital anomalies were analyzed. For all congenital anomalies combined, the meta-analysis gave a statistically significant excess risk for high versus low exposure to water chlorination or TTHM (17%; 95% CI, 3-34) based on a small number of studies. The meta-analysis also suggested a statistically significant excess risk for ventricular septal defects (58%; 95% CI, 21-107), but based on only three studies, and there was little evidence of an exposure-response relationship. It was observed no statistically significant relationships in the other meta-analyses and little evidence for publication bias, except for urinary tract defects and cleft lip and palate. Although some individual studies have suggested an association between chlorination disinfection by-products and congenital anomalies, meta-analyses of all currently available studies demonstrate little evidence of such association.
As normas de radioproteção e o uso dos equipamentos de proteção individual na concepção dos cirurgiões-dentistas
Authors: Santos Ricardo Andrade , Miranda Antônio Carlos de , Silva Edna da Costa
Published: October 2010

Mesmo reconhecendo a existência das normas, a maior parte dos profissionais de odontologia não demonstra perceber a necessidade justa e precisa de esclarecimento. A falta de percepção expõe a vários problemas como falta de informação sobre a necessidade de realização de exames médicos periódicos dos profissionais, falta de conhecimento na correta utilização do equipamento de raios X, desconhecimento da necessidade de calibração periódica do aparelho de raios X, ineficiência no cumprimento das normas de radioproteção, uso inadequado do equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) e ausência de um manual de normas das atividades profissionais. Com bases nesses resultados, pode-se chegar à conclusão de que os cirurgiões-dentistas não detêm o conhecimento necessário sobre as normas de radioproteção e da correta utilização do EPI. Assim, acredita-se que a implementação do programa de educação continuada a partir da realidade do profissional de odontologia forneça os meios para resolução de problemas crônicos detectados neste estudo no cumprimento das exigências das normas de radioproteção e afins, proporcionando manuseio seguro do equipamento de raios X no consultório odontológico.
Abortamento na adolescência: da vida à experiência do colo vazio - um estudo qualitativo
Authors: Vieira Leila Maria , Goldberg Tamara Beres Lederer , Saes Sandra de Oliveira , Dória Adriana Aparecida Bini
Published: October 2010

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o processo de abortamento na adolescência, segundo a perspectiva da adolescente. Foi desenvolvido no Hospital Maternidade Santa Izabel, da cidade de Bauru (São Paulo, Brasil), e a metodologia qualitativa buscou compreender a experiência da adolescente no processo de abortamento, construindo um modelo teórico representativo. Utilizou-se como referencial teórico o interacionismo simbólico e como metodológico a grounded theory. Foram entrevistadas dez adolescentes, e a análise dos relatos constatou a descoberta da gravidez, os sentimentos emergentes, o difícil momento da internação, a esperança do retorno ao cotidiano acompanhado pelo apoio dos familiares e a necessidade de mudanças decorrentes de tal experiência. Dos depoimentos emergiram três fenômenos: descobrindo-se grávida, vivenciando o abortamento e reelaborando o plano de vida. A partir da análise do processo, desenvolveu-se a categoria central: "Abortamento na adolescência: da vida à experiência do colo vazio". Conclusão: a ocorrência do abortamento na adolescência causa diferentes sentimentos, podendo atingir as esferas biopsicossociais.
Estudo descritivo de quedas entre menores de 15 anos no município de Londrina (PR, Brasil)
Authors: Martins Christine Baccarat de Godoy , Andrade Selma Maffei de
Published: October 2010

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, do ponto de vista epidemiológico, a ocorrência das quedas entre menores de 15 anos residentes em Londrina, Paraná, que foram atendidos em serviços de emergência e internação ou que morreram devido a essas causas em 2001. Os dados foram obtidos em prontuários dos hospitais gerais e no Núcleo de Informação em Mortalidade. Foram estudadas 2.991 crianças vítimas de queda, representando taxa de incidência de 25,3 por 1.000 crianças. A taxa de internação não fatal foi de 3,9%, ocorrendo um óbito no pronto-socorro. O risco de sofrer queda foi maior no sexo masculino, exceto nos menores de um ano. As faixas etárias mais atingidas foram de 1 ano (coeficiente de 46,0 por 1.000 crianças) e 2 anos (coeficiente de 38,4 por 1.000 crianças). As regiões corpóreas mais afetadas foram a cabeça e o pescoço (55,2%), e o traumatismo superficial foi o tipo de lesão mais frequente (46,4%). As quedas ocorreram, principalmente, de leito/berço/cama, mobília/sofá, motoca/velocípede/patins/skate, escada/degrau, equipamento de playground, muro/portão/telhado/varanda, rede, árvore e carrinho de bebê. Os achados permitem concluir a alta incidência de quedas entre crianças e adolescentes, contribuindo para ampliar o conhecimento epidemiológico sobre tais eventos, fornecendo subsídios para o planejamento de ações preventivas e de controle.
Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade e fatores associados em adolescentes na região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo (SP, Brasil)
Authors: Sales-Peres Sílvia Helena de Carvalho , Goya Suzana , Sant'Anna Rute Moreira de Freitas , Silva Henrique Mendes , Sales-Peres André de Carvalho , Silva Ricardo Pianta Rodrigues da , Lauris José Roberto Pereira , Bastos José Roberto de Magalhães
Published: October 2010

Objetivou-se avaliar a relação entre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e o índice CPOD em 207 adolescentes de 12 anos, de 8 escolas públicas e particulares da região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo. A amostra foi constituída por 380 adolescentes aos 12 anos, de ambos os gêneros, sendo examinados 207. Utilizou-se o índice CPOD, IMC para peso, medida de estatura, e aplicou-se questionário sobre hábitos alimentares, características antropométricas e atividade física. Quanto ao peso corpóreo, 55,93% apresentaram normal (G4), 35,59% de baixo peso (G3), 8,47% de pré-obesos (G2), nas escolas particulares. Nas públicas, 52,03% apresentaram normal, baixo peso 41,22%, pré-obesos 4,73% e obesos (G1) 2,03%; não houve diferença significativa (p=0,45). Verificou-se que o CPOD nas escolas públicas foi 2,16 e nas particulares, 0,23 (p<0,05), sendo que 39,2% das crianças estavam livres de cárie nas municipais e nas particulares, 88,1%. Não houve correlação do maior IMC com o incremento de CPOD. Houve correlação negativa entre condições socioeconômicas e índice de cárie dentária. Concluiu-se que os grupos pré-obesos e obesos, embora houvesse maior frequência de ingestão de alimentos, não apresentaram correlação com o incremento de cárie dentária, mas as condições socioeconômicas foram determinantes para essa ocorrência.
Gravidez após morte perinatal: sobre a relação da mãe com o bebê sobrevivente
Authors: Vidal Manola
Published: October 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a experiência emocional materna na gravidez e parto prematuro subsequente à perda perinatal, que é definida como sendo o óbito fetal ocorrido nas últimas semanas de gestação ou o do recém-nascido nas primeiras semanas após o parto. Faz parte do trabalho realizado durante o curso de doutorado em Saúde da Mulher (Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz) que utilizou do método qualitativo de pesquisa em saúde para a construção de histórias de vida através das técnicas de entrevistas abertas, não diretivas, e observação participante. O trabalho de campo consistiu no acompanhamento da dupla mãe-bebê durante a internação e seis meses após a alta hospitalar. A amostra dos sujeitos selecionados foi realizada a partir do critério relativo ao acompanhamento por 24 horas de internações com duração igual ou superior a trinta dias. Este artigo se refere a uma das quatro histórias de vidas construídas. Resultados: produção de conhecimento sobre o estado de humor materno em mães de bebês prematuros após a alta hospitalar, através da identificação de reações emocionais características de um trabalho de luto específico ligado à perda perinatal em sua relação com as síndromes do "bebê de substituição" e da "criança vulnerável".
Práticas alimentares na gravidez: um estudo com gestantes e puérperas de um complexo de favelas do Rio de Janeiro (RJ, Brasil)
Authors: Baião Mirian Ribeiro , Deslandes Suely Ferreira
Published: October 2010

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as práticas alimentares durante a gestação relatadas por mulheres grávidas e puérperas, moradoras em um complexo de favelas do município do Rio de Janeiro. Optou-se por uma pesquisa de base interpretativa, na qual se utilizou entrevista semiestruturada e análise de conteúdo em sua vertente temática. Foram incluídas 18 gestantes e oito puérperas (n=26), sendo sete adolescentes e 19 adultas; primíparas e multíparas. Para as mulheres, comer e assistir à televisão, comer fora de casa e comer com parentes e amigos no fim de semana eram formas de associar lazer à comida, aumentando o prazer por ela. A renda foi apontada como a principal barreira para o consumo de alimentos saudáveis, que era prioridade das crianças. Por esses motivos, leite, verduras, legumes e frutas eram pouco consumidos. A dieta era composta basicamente por arroz, feijão e frango. Houve preferência por "besteiras". As mulheres estavam submetidas a uma alimentação monótona. Ressalta-se a importância da compreensão e valorização das questões socioculturais e econômicas que influenciam as práticas alimentares, a fim de que a orientação alimentar e nutricional, visando à alimentação saudável, possa ser negociada e ajustada às necessidades e à subjetividade das mulheres grávidas.
Composição química e eficácia da multimistura como suplemento dietético: revisão da literatura
Authors: Ferreira Haroldo Silva , Cavalcante Sybelle Araújo , Assunção Monica Lopes de
Published: October 2010

Objetivou-se identificar todos os artigos já publicados sobre a multimistura (MM) em revistas de maior rigor científico e avaliar a eficácia desse produto como suplemento alimentar. A metodologia baseou-se na busca on line nas bases do Medline e do Scielo, sem limite de data, utilizando-se o descritor "multimistura". Foram identificados e analisados 31 artigos. Em virtude da pequena porção que é preconizada para consumo diário, a MM não pode ser considerada uma fonte importante de energia, proteínas e minerais, embora os possua em quantidades relevantes. Sua elevada proporção de magnésio e/ou de cálcio pode prejudicar a absorção de ferro. Seu uso eleva o teor de fibras da dieta, o que pode reduzir a absorção de nutrientes, o que não é interessante no caso de criança desnutrida. Sua elevada quantidade de fitatos não parece ser problema, pois o tratamento prévio pelo qual passam os farelos reduz bastante o poder quelante desse composto. A possibilidade de intoxicação pelo cianeto oriundo da folha de mandioca não é descartada. Quanto à capacidade da MM em promover o estado nutricional, 12 dentre 15 estudos concluíram pela sua ineficácia. Considerando riscos e benefícios e as evidências disponíveis na literatura, não se justifica a utilização da MM como estratégia de prevenção e controle da desnutrição.
A fragilidade/resistência da vida humana em comunidades rurais do Pantanal Mato-Grossense (MT, Brasil)
Authors: Pignatti Marta Gislene , Castro Sueli Pereira
Published: October 2010

A fragilidade/resistência da vida humana tomada no sentido ambíguo/complexo sugere o olhar para a dinâmica da vida de grupos populacionais específicos. O estudo de uma comunidade no entorno da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural do Serviço Social do Comércio (RPPN Sesc) Pantanal, Distrito Rural de Joselândia, município de Barão de Melgaço (MT), no período de 2003 a 2005, buscou apreender o modo de vida dessa população, articulando a explicação do processo saúde doença com os aspectos históricos, econômicos e sociais da comunidade em questão e a singularidade das práticas de cura ocorridas no local. Utilizou-se de registros documentais históricos, depoimentos de moradores, inquérito populacional, entrevistas e observações. Verificou-se que houve mudanças nos laços de solidariedade entre os moradores no trabalho e na produção de alimentos. As práticas de cura populares são alternativas utilizadas para abrandar os sintomas e doenças. A fragilidade/resistência desse grupo específico se configura como resistência baseada nas relações de solidariedade e familiares e a fragilidade na dificuldade do acesso ao trabalho, serviços de saúde e equipamentos públicos.
Como realizar o correto descarte de resíduos de medicamentos?
Authors: Falqueto Elda , Kligerman Débora Cynamon , Assumpção Rafaela Facchetti
Published: October 2010

A destinação final dos resíduos de origem farmacêutica é tema relevante para a saúde pública, devido às diferentes propriedades farmacológicas dos medicamentos que inevitavelmente se tornarão resíduos. Dessa forma, não poderão mais ser utilizados e deverão receber um tratamento específico. No Brasil, o correto descarte dos resíduos sólidos de origem farmacêutica é normatizado tanto pelo Ministério da Saúde quanto pelo do Meio Ambiente, que devem fornecer instrumentos para que os atores envolvidos em atividades que geram resíduos dessa natureza possam dar-lhes a disposição final adequada. No entanto, existem dificuldades que apenas poderão ser superadas com a integração de todos os envolvidos nessa questão. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer um levantamento crítico dos instrumentos legais disponibilizados pelos órgãos reguladores, situando cada ator e suas responsabilidades para o correto descarte de resíduos de medicamentos, protegendo assim a saúde pública e o meio ambiente.
Treatment Options for Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke‐Like Episodes (MELAS) Syndrome
Authors: Santa Kristin M.
Published: October 2010

Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by the decreased ability of cells to produce sufficient energy in the form of adenosine 5′‐triphosphate. Although it is one of the most common maternally inherited mitochondrial disorders, its exact incidence is unknown. Caused most frequently by an A‐to‐G point mutation at the 3243 position in the mitochondrial DNA, MELAS syndrome has a broad range of clinical manifestations and a highly variable course. The classic neurologic characteristics include encephalopathy, seizures, and stroke‐like episodes. In addition to its neurologic manifestations, MELAS syndrome exhibits multisystem effects including cardiac conduction defects, diabetes mellitus, short stature, myopathy, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Unfortunately, no consensus guidelines outlining standard drug regimens exist for this syndrome. Many of the accepted therapies used in treating MELAS syndrome have been identified through a small number of clinical trials or isolated case reports. Currently, the drugs most often used include antioxidants and various vitamins aimed at minimizing the demands on the mitochondria and supporting and maximizing their function. Some of the most frequently prescribed agents include coenzyme Q10, L‐arginine, B vitamins, and levocarnitine. Although articles describing MELAS syndrome are available, few specifically target education for clinical pharmacists. This article will provide pharmacists with a practical resource to enhance their understanding of MELAS syndrome in order to provide safe and effective pharmaceutical care.
Intravenous Streptomycin for Treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Meningitis in an Infant
Authors: Courter Joshua D. , Girotto Jennifer E. , Lobato Mark N. , Orcutt Danielle , Burke Margaret , Feder Henry M. , Krause Peter J. , Cohen‐Abbo Alberto , Salazar Juan C.
Published: October 2010

Although tuberculous meningitis is rarely encountered in the United States, clinicians need to have a high index of suspicion for this disease. Intramuscular streptomycin is usually administered as part of a four‐drug antituberculous regimen. However, we describe an 8–month‐old girl who was diagnosed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis meningitis and received streptomycin intravenously. This route was chosen to avoid daily intramuscular injections because the infant had poor lean muscle mass. The patient's regimen consisted of isoniazid 15 mg/kg/day rifampin 20 mg/kg/day and pyrazinamide 40 mg/kg/day by nasogastric tube, and intravenous streptomycin 15 mg/kg twice/day administered using a controlled‐rate infusion pump. The M. tuberculosis strain was subsequently found to be susceptible to all four antituberculous drugs. Her condition improved, and no drug toxicities were observed during her treatment course; isoniazid and rifampin were continued after discharge. The patient was readmitted 1 month later for mental status changes and right‐sided weakness. Magnetic resonance scan of the brain revealed numerous solid and ring‐enhancing hypointense tuberculomas in the suprasellar cistern, left medial temporal lobe, and brainstem, with significant secondary vasogenic edema as the cause of her symptoms. Although treatment failure was not suspected, cerebrospinal fluid and gastric cultures were tested; all were negative for M. tuberculosis. Dexamethasone was started for treatment of the focalized cerebral edema, presumably occurring from the breakdown of existing tuberculomas, and the patient rapidly improved. She was discharged and continued to receive oral antituberculous therapy for a total of 12 months. At her 1–year follow‐up visit, the patient had recovered fully and had no apparent neurologic, otologic, or developmental deficits. The safe and effective use of intravenous streptomycin in this infant suggests that this route of administration may be an alternative to intramuscular streptomycin.
Knowledge through partnerships: integrating marine protected area monitoring and ocean observing systems
Authors: Carr Mark H , Woodson Clifton B , Cheriton Olivia M , Malone Daniel , McManus Margaret A , Raimondi Peter T
Published: October 2010

Escalating concern over the state of coastal marine ecosystems highlights the need for a better understanding of how such systems are structured by physical, biological, and chemical processes, and how human activities interact with these processes. Marine protected area (MPA) networks are being established around the world, in an effort to protect marine populations, communities, and ecosystems. Concurrently, ocean observing systems (OOSs) are being developed and implemented to identify and describe changes in the coastal oceans. Because marine ecosystems are strongly influenced by oceanographic processes, proper interpretation of ecological data to assess MPA performance requires information generated by coastal OOSs. At the same time, OOSs designed with the goal of identifying ecosystem responses to climate change require information from long‐term ecological monitoring studies of MPAs. Collaborative integration between ecological and oceanographic monitoring programs is central to elucidating both the role of MPAs for conservation and the influence of climate change on marine ecosystems.
Alteration of streamflow magnitudes and potential ecological consequences: a multiregional assessment
Authors: Carlisle Daren M , Wolock David M , Meador Michael R
Published: October 2010

Human impacts on watershed hydrology are widespread in the US, but the prevalence and severity of stream‐flow alteration and its potential ecological consequences have not been quantified on a national scale. We assessed streamflow alteration at 2888 streamflow monitoring sites throughout the conterminous US. The magnitudes of mean annual (1980–2007) minimum and maximum streamflows were found to have been altered in 86% of assessed streams. The occurrence, type, and severity of streamflow alteration differed markedly between arid and wet climates. Biological assessments conducted on a subset of these streams showed that, relative to eight chemical and physical covariates, diminished flow magnitudes were the primary predictors of biological integrity for fish and macroinvertebrate communities. In addition, the likelihood of biological impairment doubled with increasing severity of diminished streamflows. Among streams with diminished flow magnitudes, increasingly common fish and macroinvertebrate taxa possessed traits characteristic of lake or pond habitats, including a preference for fine‐grained substrates and slow‐moving currents, as well as the ability to temporarily leave the aquatic environment.
Specific area of smonitzas of Aleksinac valley
Authors: Gajic Bosko , Zivkovic Milovan
Published: October 2010

In the present paper an estimation was given of total specific area (S) of very clayey soils of smonitza type in Central Serbia on the basis of the data on their textural composition and maximal hygroscopic moisture. Total specific area (m2g-1) of the analysed very clayey smonitzas is, on average equal to the product of maximal hygroscopic moisture (MH), expressed in percent ratio of the mass, and the coefficient 11.50, i.e. S = 11.50*MH (m2g-1).
Viscosity of set-style yogurt as influenced by heat treatment of milk and added demineralized whey powder
Authors: Djurdjevic-Denin Jelena , Macej Ognjen , Jovanovic Snezana
Published: October 2010

Skim milk powder was reconstituted to obtain milk A (with 8.44% TS). Milk sample A was standardized with different amounts of demineralized whey powder (DWP) to obtain milk B (with 9.71% TS) and milk C (with 10.75% TS). Milk samples were heat treated at 85?C/20 min and 90?C/10 min, respectively. Untreated milk was used as control. Milk samples were inoculated with 2.5% of commercial yogurt culture (containing Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in the ratio 1:1) at 43?C. Samples were incubated until pH 4.6 was reached. Samples were immediately cooled to 4?C and held at that temperature until analyses. Measurements of viscosity were done with Brookfield DV-E Viscometer. Spindle No 3 at 20 rpm was used for all samples. After 1 day of storage, set-style yogurt samples produced from untreated milk had the highest, while samples produced from milk heat treated at 90?C/10 min the smallest initial viscosity, regadless of the dry matter content and composition. Average viscosity of set-style yogurts decreased with intensifying temperature of applied heat-treatment. During storage, set-style yogurt samples produced from milk heat treated at 90?C/10 min had the least pronounced decrease of viscosity during shearing. After 14 days of storage, set-style yogurt samples produced from milk standardized with demineralized whey powder had higher viscosity than samples produced from basis milk.
Classification of Latin squares
Authors: Lakic Nada
Published: October 2010

Efficacy and profitability of results and eventually the conclusions of an experiment were found to depend on the statistical model for organizing an experiment. No thoroughgoing studies have been reported to date in our statistical literature on Latin square designs, one of the three basic experimental designs. The objective of the study was to define the insufficiently known subsets of Latin square designs having special properties and classify them using a number of criteria.
Differentiation of Rhizoctonia spp. Based on their antigenic properties
Authors: Vico Ivana , Krstic Branka , Dukic Natasa
Published: October 2010

Antigenic properties and serological relationship was investigated in binucleate and multinucleate Rhizoctonia spp. isolates from strawberries soybean, alfalfa and potato plants from Serbia, from Spain, anastomosis group testers and in strawberry roots inoculated with binucleate Rhizoctonia AG A and AG I. Two polyclonal antisera, unabsorbed and cross absorbed, were used in dot-immunobinding assay for these investigations. Antisera were produced against mycelial antigens of two isolates, which belong to different anastomosis groups (AG) of binucleate Rhizoctonia - AG A and AG I. Both unabsorbed antisera reacted positively with all tested Rhizoctonia spp. isolates, and the reaction was absent with control isolates (Pythium sp. Agaricus sp. and Fusarium sp). The results prove a close serological relationship among Rhizoctonia spp. isolates, and diversity between Rhizoctonia spp. and isolates from different taxonomic groups. Also, both unabsorbed antisera reacted with higher intensity with closely related antigens (belonging to the same AG) than with ones from another AG of binucleate Rhizoctonia or R. solani (multinucleate Rhizoctonia). After cross absorption specificity of the antisera was enhanced, especially with the antiserum raised against mycelial proteins of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG I. This antiserum reacted positively only with antigens from the same AG, after cross absorption with antigens from AG A of binucleate Rhizoctonia and from R. solani AG 2-2. It proved to be specific to AG I of binucleate Rhizoctonia, and able to differentiate isolates of this AG from others. In this way the serological homology among isolates of one AG was proven, and also the diversity among isolates which belong to different AGs of binucleate Rhizoctonia as well as isolates of R. solani.
The influence of investigated factors on viscosity of stirred yogurt
Authors: Denin-Djurdjevic Jelena , Macej Ognjen , Jovanovic Snezana
Published: October 2010

Skim milk was reconstituted to obtain milk with 8.44% DM, which was standardized with demineralized whey powder (DWP) to obtain milk sample A (9.71% DM) and milk sample B (10.75% DM). Milk samples were heat treated at 85?C/20 min and 90?C/10 min, respectively. Untreated milk was used as control. Milk samples were inoculated with 2.5% of commercial yogurt culture (containing Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in the ratio 1:1) at 43?C. Samples were incubated until pH 4.6 was reached. Samples were immediately cooled to 4?C and held at that temperature until analyses. Samples of acid casein gels were stirred after 1, 7 and 14 days of storage. Measurements of viscosity were done with Brookfield DV-E Viscometer. Spindle No 3 at 30 rpm was used for all samples. Duration of fermentation decreased when DWP was used for standardization of milk dry matter content. Yogurt samples produced from milk heat treated at 85?C/20 min, obtained by stirring of gel 1 day after production had a higher viscosity than sample produced from milk heat treated at 90?C/10 min. On the other hand, samples produced from milk heat treated at 90?C/10 min had a greater viscosity after 7 and 14 days of storage, which indicates a greater hydrophilic properties and a more pronounced swelling of casein micelles.
Failures in conveying hygienic procedures during milking of cows
Authors: Hristov Slavca , Relic Renata , Stankovic Branislav
Published: October 2010

Milk presents very convenient environment for multiplying of microorganisms from the surroundings or from udder itself. To obtain milk correct in hygienic sense, except health milk glands, environmental factors which could contribute to additional milk contamination are important too. Failures in hygiene of milk, milkmen, milking environment or milking machines, as well as their technical accuracy, have primary importance in occurence of udder diseases and therefore in milk quality too. In this paper, the mentioned factors were examined on the farm with free keeping of cows, where they were milked in a milking parlour. Results obtained by the observation and estimation of corresponding procedures are satisfactory on the whole, but correction of the existing failures could contribute to better health condition of udder, better production results and improvement of hygienic quality of milk.
Estimation of soil nitrogen availability
Authors: Kresovic Mirjana , Licina V.
Published: October 2010

Our research has been made on brown forest soil that is used in long-term experiments. The soil we used had a certain crop rotation (wheat-corn) and had been fertilized according to a certain system for 30 years. In the experiment, quantities of nitrogen fertilizers were gradually increased after which samples were taken from O to 30 cm depths in order to establish plant and soil parameters for assessing the applied methods. Two experiments were made: one in the field and one in a controlled environment. On grounds of the established correlation interdependence between the methods applied (the total and easily hydrolyzed nitrogen) and the plant and soil parameters, in both field and pots, one can conclude that the methods of total and easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, from the standpoint of nitrogen availability in soil, are reliable. In the method of total nitrogen assessment, one should rely on the parameters regarding plants and soil in the field. In the method of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, the parameters regarding plants and soil, in both the field and pots, are the same.