bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibodies against HPV16E6 oncoprotein in the Swiss HIV cohort study: Kinetics and anal cancer risk prediction
Authors: Combes Jean‐Damien , Clifford Gary M. , Günthard Huldrych F. , Hauser Christoph , Darling Katharine E.A. , Valladares Pablo , Battegay Manuel , Waldeck Frederike , Bernasconi Enos , Bertisch Barbara , Hirsch Hans H. , Brenner Nicole , Waterboer Tim , Scherrer Alexandra U. ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: November 2019

Our aim was to describe HPV16E6 antibody kinetics prior to anal cancer in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and evaluate the possible contribution of HPV16E6 serology to anal cancer risk prediction. For 91 persons diagnosed with anal cancer in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (1989–2017), serial serum/plasma samples were tested for HPV16E6 antibodies using multiplex serology, supplemented with samples from 1,356 participants without anal cancer. Anal cancer incidence was estimated for PLWHA from 40 years‐old in the cART era, stratified by HPV16E6 serostatus. HPV16E6 seroprevalence was 23.3% in samples <2 years prior to anal cancer diagnosis and decreased with increasing time prior to cancer: 16.7% at 2–4 years, 4.4% at 5–9, and 7.0% at ≥10 years. Of 25 individuals with anal cancer who were HPV16E6‐seropositive at any time during follow‐up, the majority (n = 18) remained seropositive in all samples after seroconversion, whereas for seven cases, seropositivity was transitory. Among individuals with anal cancer, HPV16E6 seroprevalence was marginally higher in women vs. men who have sex with men (adjusted OR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 17.2) and in older participants (adjusted OR = 6.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 34.8 for cases diagnosed at ≥55 vs. <45 years). Anal cancer incidence was 402/100,000 person‐years in HPV16E6‐positive vs. 82/100,000 in HPV16E6‐negative PLWHA (incidence rate ratio = 4.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 13.1). In conclusion, HPV16E6 serology, despite its low sensitivity, allows characterization of a group of individuals with very high anal cancer incidence and may have a place in secondary prevention in groups at high risk for anal cancer such as PLWHA.
Inflation‐growth nexus in developing economies: New empirical evidence from a disaggregated approach
Authors: Ayyoub Muhammad , Wörz Julia
Published: November 2019

This paper examines the “inflation‐growth nexus” by considering sectoral growth data of 113 developing economies. Research at the aggregate level yields mostly ambiguous results. Here, we perform a disaggregated analysis of inflation and output growth. For each sector—agriculture, industry, and services—inflation and value‐added sectoral growth, for the period 1981–2015, are considered, and sectoral inflationary spillovers are captured. Empirical analysis reveals that three major sectors of the economy react differently to various impulses of inflation, and the significance of sectoral inflation is evidenced. Inflation is found to be detrimental to the growth of industrial sector only, and when sectoral inflation is accounted for, no significant impact of inflation is found in services and agricultural sectors. The policy relevance for developing economies is that the central banks of these economies must carefully consider the differing consequences of their actions on individual sectors while taking into consideration the value‐added share of each sector in the respective economy.
Inclusive and Consequential by Design: “Futurefying” New Product Development (NPD) Through Vision Concepting
Authors: Winchester Woodrow W.
Published: November 2019

“As technology becomes more ubiquitous, it is essential we consider the impacts on people, whether unintended consequences or designs that exclude certain groups or disadvantage them in some way,” states Mark Searle, executive vice president of Arizona State in the New York Times article “Top Universities Join to Push ‘Public Interest Technology’ (Singer 2019).” As such, more inclusive and consequential approaches to New Product Development (NPD) are needed. This article introduces Vision Enabled Design Thinking (V.E.D.T) as a pathway forward. V.E.D.T incorporates the power of futures thinking, engaged through vision concepting, in the creation and evaluation of future‐forward design deliverables and artifacts in catalyzing more inclusive and consequential near‐term design solutions. A case study is also presented that highlights the use of V.E.D.T in the design of more inclusive wearable health technologies. Discussion is also had that advocates for more active systems engineering involvement in developing more inclusive and sustainable NPD practices and processes.
IMPACT OF LONG‐TERM FRESHWATER IRRIGATION ON SOIL FERTILITY
Authors: Nikolskii Yu.N. , Aidarov I.P. , Landeros‐Sanchez C. , Pchyolkin V.V.
Published: November 2019

Irrigation increases agricultural productivity and inevitably affects soil properties. When irrigation water is of a good quality and does not cause soil salinity or sodicity or contamination, and when there is no soil erosion, a gradual increase in soil fertility under irrigation conditions is, as a rule, expected. However, studies in various countries present examples of a gradual decline in soil fertility under long‐term freshwater irrigation due to leaching of organic matter and exchangeable cations. It is known that ploughing and agricultural activities modify natural soil formation processes and soil fertility. Irrigation enhances soil formation processes but also causes soil leaching. This paper presents data on the impact of long‐term freshwater irrigation on soil fertility for different climatic zones of Mexico, assessed by comparing some agrochemical properties of irrigated and non‐irrigated soils. This comparison shows that irrigation generally has a positive effect on soil fertility in arid conditions and a negative effect in semi‐arid, semi‐humid and humid tropical zones. Therefore, when planning and applying irrigation to crops, it is necessary to take into account not only crop water requirements, but also the need to preserve and improve soil fertility. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis of circulating microRNAs in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhong Zhixiong , Wu Heming , Zhong Wei , Zhang Qifeng , Yu Zhikang
Published: November 2019

Objective

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is the most severe type of coronary atherosclerotic heart diseases. MiRNA is a class of endogenous noncoding small molecule RNA, which plays an important regulatory role in the development of some diseases.

Methods

We examined the miRNA expression profiles in 16 patients with AMI compared with 6 non‐AMI controls using RNA sequencing.

Results

Compared with the miRNA expression profiles of non‐AMI controls, a total of 181 differentially expressed miRNAs were discriminated in AMI patients, of which 96 upregulated miRNAs and 85 downregulated miRNAs. The top ten upregulated miRNAs were as follows: miR‐449a‐5p, miR‐126‐5p, miR‐93‐5p, miR‐199a‐3p, miR‐4454, miR‐6880‐3p, miR‐3135a, miR‐548ad‐5p, miR‐4508, and miR‐556‐5p; while the top ten downregulated were as follows: miR‐6805‐5p, miR‐1228‐5p, miR‐939‐5p, miR‐615‐3p, miR‐6780a‐5p, miR‐6857‐3p, miR‐5088‐55p, miR‐7155‐3p, miR‐184, and miR‐4525. And the qRT‐PCR results of differentially expressed miRNAs showed the same result as high‐throughput sequencing data. For these 181 differentially expressed miRNAs, 19 841 target genes were predicted by GO analysis. The enrichment analysis revealed 2061 involved in biological processes, 353 in molecular function and 303 in cellular components. To identify biological pathways in AMI as compared to non‐AMI, the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were mapped to the classical signal transduction pathway in KEGG, indicating that 214 classes were enriched. ROC analysis showed that the circulating miRNAs had the important value for AMI diagnosis and supported the previous conclusions that circulating miRNAs were effective to diagnose the AMI as a novel biomarker.

Conclusions

Our findings require further research to confirm. It may provide a meaningful reference for the diagnosis and treatment of AMI.
Association of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B with increased risk of developing breast cancer
Authors: Seifi Sima , Pouya Farzaneh , Rahmani Mahsa , Mehramiz Mehrane , Rastgar‐Moghadam Azam , Gharib Masoumeh , Rahmani Farzad , Shahidsales Soodabeh , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Khazaei Majid , Dadjoo Parisa , Parvin Seyede Sara , yazdinezhad Yeganeh , Parizadeh Seyed Mohammad Reza , Ferns Gordon A. , Fathi Mehdi , Avan Amir
Published: November 2019

There is a growing body of data reporting the association of genetic alterations in chromosome 9P21 with the risk of developing cancer. In the current study, we studied the association of a genetic variant in CDKN2A/B, rs1333049, with the risk of developing breast cancer. A total of 339 participants with and without breast cancer entered to the study. Genotyping was done by the TaqMan real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method and gene expression analysis was ran by RT‐PCR. Our data showed that the minor allele homozygote in the total population was 10%, whereas for heterozygote was 38%. The dominant genetic model demonstrated that individuals with breast cancer had advanced TNM classification. Moreover, the logistic regression revealed that individuals who had CC/CG genotypes might have an enhanced risk of developing breast cancer when compared to the holders of GG genotype (e.g., OR = 2.8; 95% CI,1.4–5.4; p = .001), after regulated for confounders; age and body mass index. Furthermore, our analysis showed that the CDKN2A/B gene was downregulated in patients (p < .001). We showed a meaningful relationship of CDKN2A/B with the risk of breast cancer, cancer, showing the importance of studies in great sample size and several centers for studying the value of the marker as a risk classification in the management of patients with breast cancer.
Emotional behavior in aquatic organisms? Lessons from crayfish and zebrafish
Authors: de Abreu Murilo S. , Maximino Caio , Banha Filipe , Anastácio Pedro M. , Demin Konstantin A. , Kalueff Allan V. , Soares Marta C.
Published: November 2019

Experimental animal models are a valuable tool to study the neurobiology of emotional behavior and mechanisms underlying human affective disorders. Mounting evidence suggests that various aquatic organisms, including both vertebrate (e.g., zebrafish) and invertebrate (e.g., crayfish) species, may be relevant to study animal emotional response and its deficits. Ideally, model organisms of disease should possess considerable genetic and physiological homology to mammals, display robust behavioral and physiological responses to stress, and should be sensitive to a wide range of drugs known to modulate stress and affective behaviors. Here, we summarize recent findings in the field of zebrafish‐ and crayfish‐based tests of stress, anxiety, aggressiveness and social preference, and discuss further perspectives of using these novel model organisms in translational biological psychiatry. Outlining the remaining questions in this field, we also emphasize the need in further development and a wider use of crayfish and zebrafish models to study the pathogenesis of affective disorders.
An uncommon ECG manifestation of normal pacemaker function
Authors: Kumar Sharath K. , Morgan Christopher D. , Jordan‐Watt Michael , Singh Sheldon M.
Published: November 2019

A presumed abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) was obtained from an asymptomatic patient with a pacemaker. Systematic evaluation of the ECG revealed that the artifact was due to a physiological sensor in the pacemaker which was displayed when the enhanced pacemaker detection features on the ECG machine was activated. The article discusses the possible causes and an approach to similar artifacts.
The metabolic clinical risk score as a new prognostic model for surgical decision‐making in patients with colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Duran Derijckere Ivan , Levillain Hugo , Bohlok Ali , Mathey Celine , Nezri Jonathan , Muteganya Raoul , Trotta Nicola , Lucidi Valerio , Bouazza Fikri , Germanova Desislava , Van Simaeys Gaetan , Goldman Serge , Hendlisz Alain , Flamen Patrick , Donckier Vincent
Published: November 2019

Background and Objectives

Selection for surgery in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) remains inaccurate. We evaluated if CRLM baseline metabolic characteristics, assessed by [18]F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG‐PET/CT), could predict postoperative outcomes.

Methods

In a retrospective series of patients undergoing surgery for CRLM, we defined two groups: the long‐term survival (LTS) and early relapse (ER) groups, where the postoperative recurrence‐free survivals were ≥5 years or <1 year, respectively. We analyzed the patients in whom baseline 18FDG‐PET/CT was available. Clinicopathologic parameters, clinical risk score (CRS), and baseline 18FDG‐PET/CT characteristics were compared between LTS and ER groups. A metabolic CRS (mCRS) was implemented, adding one point to the standard five‐point CRS when the highest tumor standardized uptake values (SUVmax)/normal liver mean SUV (SUVmean(liver)) ratios were >4.3, defining low‐ and high‐risk mCRS by scores of 0 to 2 and 3 to 6, respectively.

Results

From a series of 450 patients operated for CRLM (mean follow‐up of 58 months), we included for analysis 23 and 30 patients in the LTS and ER groups, respectively. Clinicopathologic parameters and CRS were similar in the LTS and ER groups. Median SUVmax/SUVmean(liver) ratios were higher in ER vs LTS patients (4.2 and 2.8, P = .008, respectively). mCRS was increased in ER patients (P = .024); 61% of LTS patients had low‐risk mCRS and 73% of the ER patients had high‐risk mCRS (P = .023).

Conclusions

18FDG‐PET/CT characteristics combined with traditional CRS may represent a new tool to improve selection for surgery in patients with CRLM.
Kinetic study of the oxidation reaction of 4‐methylphenyl radical
Authors: Minamida Maya , Tanaka Kotaro , Tonokura Kenichi
Published: November 2019

A kinetic study of the reaction of the 4‐methylphenyl radical (4‐C6H4CH3) with the oxygen molecule was conducted using experimental and theoretical approaches. The absorption spectrum for theλ = 266 nm photolysis of the 4‐C6H4CH3X (X = Cl, Br)/N2/O2mixture was measured in the wavelength range ofλ = 503‐512 nm using N2as the buffer gas at a total pressure of 40 Torr using a cavity ring‐down spectroscopy apparatus coupled with a pulsed laser photolysis system. Based on the absorbance of the product of the 4‐C6H4CH3 + O2reaction atλ = 504 nm, the reaction rate coefficient for the 4‐C6H4CH3+ O2reaction was determined to bek = (1.21 ± 0.10) × 10−11cm3molecule−1s−1andk = (1.18 ± 0.21) × 10−11 cm3molecule−1s−1using 4‐C6H4CH3Cl and 4‐C6H4CH3Br, respectively, as the radical precursor. And there was no pressure dependence in the total pressure range of 10‐90 Torr varying partial pressure of N2buffer gas atT = 296 ± 5 K. The geometries, vibration frequencies, and potential energy surfaces of the reactants, major products, and transition states in the 4‐C6H4CH3+ O2reaction were determined using the CBS‐QB3 method. Thekvalue at the high‐pressure limit was calculated to be 1.26 × 10−11 cm3molecule−1s−1using the variational transition‐state theory. The calculated value ofkwas consistent with the experimental value, which indicated that the 4‐C6H4CH3+ O2reaction reaches the high‐pressure limit at 10 Torr. Therefore, the oxidation of the 4‐C6H4CH3radical is almost 10 times faster than that of the benzyl radical, which has the same chemical formula, at the high‐pressure limit.
Inflammatory cell predominance and patterns in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis patients
Authors: Marino Michael J. , Garcia J. Omar , Zarka Matthew A. , Lal Devyani
Published: November 2019

Objectives

There is interest in identifying chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) endotypes that align pathophysiology with clinical observation and outcomes. CRS with polyps (CRSwNP) has classically been studied with reference to tissue eosinophilia, but the role of other cellular infiltrates remains uncharacterized. No particular tissue prognosticators have been described for CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Predominance of leukocytes seen in surgical tissue may be useful for differentiating CRS subtypes, severity of inflammation, and outcomes.

Methods

Structured histopathology reports were examined for 277 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNP (n = 115), CRSsNP (n = 141), and recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS, n = 21). Inflammatory predominance was examined for associations with nasal polyposis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), immune deficiency, preoperative Lund‐Mackay score, and outcome (SNOT‐22 score change).

Results

In order of frequency, the prevalence of predominant inflammatory patterns accounting for 93.5% of CRS patients were: lymphoplasmocytic (n = 111), lymphocytic (n = 74), eosinophilic (n = 50), and lymphoplasmocytic with eosinophilic (n = 24). Eosinophilic predominance was 97.4% specific for nasal polyps (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.4%‐99.3%), although sensitivity was 43.4% (95% CI, 33.8%‐53.4%). The absence of eosinophilic predominance was 100% sensitive for RARS (95% CI, 82.4%‐100%), however specificity was 30.8% (95% CI 25.1%‐37.1%). There were no significant differences in preoperative SNOT‐22 scores or change postoperatively.

Conclusions

Eosinophilic inflammatory predominance was predictive for nasal polyps and against RARS. Nevertheless, the majority of CRSwNP patients had a different inflammatory predominance, demonstrating heterogeneity in CRS, even among patients with nasal polyps. Symptomatic outcomes were not associated with inflammatory predominance through 12 months follow up.

Level of Evidence

4.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone: A current review
Authors: Lovin Benjamin D. , Gidley Paul W.
Published: November 2019

Objectives

The rarity of temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) precludes a clear understanding of the disease and approach to its management. This review provides general background on the disease and discusses the current and emerging oncologic and rehabilitative management options.

Data Sources

PubMed literature review.

Methods

A review of the current literature was conducted to assess and collate up‐to‐date information regarding TBSCC management.

Results

TBSCC is a rare and aggressive disease arising in the ear canal, temporal bone, or extratemporal sites. Prior radiation, chronic ear disease, or habitual ear picking may contribute to primary disease development. Because the symptoms of TBSCC and benign otologic disease are similar, TBSCC diagnosis may be delayed, allowing the tumor time to spread throughout the anatomically intricate temporal bone. The extent of the disease is determined based on imaging and is usually staged with the Pittsburgh Staging System. Temporal bone resection with parotidectomy and neck dissection is the current standard of care. Survival is generally good for early disease and poor for advanced disease, but chemotherapy is emerging as a promising treatment option. Auditory rehabilitation with osseointegrated hearing aids is recommended at initial oncologic resection.

Conclusions

The knowledge of and outcomes for TBSCC have improved with time, but because of the aggressive nature of the disease and the anatomic intricacy of the temporal bone, TBSCC treatment is complex and should be delivered by a multidisciplinary team. Inter‐institutional collaboration may accelerate research for this rare disease.

Level of Evidence

5.
From LC‐polymers to Nanomedicines: Different Aspects of Polymer Science from a Materials Viewpoint
Authors: Zentel Rudolf
Published: November 2019

This essay compiles the work of the author on i) liquid crystalline (LC)‐polymers (including LC‐elastomers, ferroelectric LCs and LC‐particles), on ii) switchable helical polymers, on iii) polymer based opals, on iv) organic – inorganic hybrids for the improvement of quantum dot light emitting diodes or for battery applications as well as on v) polymeric carriers for biomedical applications (e.g. nanomedicine for tumor‐immune‐therapy). From the chemical side this work is based the use of various polymerization techniques including—as more special techniques—a) “surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization” to prepare extremely monodisperse polymer colloids, b) controlled radical polymerization (RAFT) to prepare functional block‐copolymers and c) photoinitiated polymerization, to start polymerization and/or crosslinking at a defined space and time during processing.
Preventing shoplifting: Exploring online comments to propose a model
Authors: Korgaonkar Pradeep K. , Gironda John T. , Petrescu Maria , Krishen Anjala S. , Mangleburg Tamara F.
Published: November 2019

In recent years, the marketing literature has expended considerable effort to understand and theorize consumer misbehavior. However, scant research theoretically explores shoplifting. This is surprising, as currently, the annual cost of shoplifting is close to $50 billion in the United States. Utilizing a mixed‐methods approach, we conduct two studies. Study 1 is a qualitative content analysis of online consumer discussions with regard to shoplifting. Study 2 is an empirical examination that uses a US national sample of n = 1,001 consumers; it is designed to test specific hypotheses regarding antecedents to consumers’ intentions to shoplift using an interdisciplinary theoretical framework from criminology, psychology, and marketing. The model integrates research from these different disciplines to improve our understanding of shoplifting by offering avenues to tackle it that supersede traditional security measures in retail. The integrated conceptual framework extends the theory of planned behavior and routine activity theory in understanding the behavioral intentions behind shoplifting. The results show that the suitability of shoplifting targets, offender motivation, and the absence of capable guardians affect potential offenders’ attitudes, subjective norms, and confidence in their ability to shoplift, which, in turn, all influence the intention to shoplift. The results contribute to our understanding of shoplifting and provide implications for retail practitioners over and above merely augmenting store security.
Numerical solution of fractional Black‐Scholes model of American put option pricing via a nonstandard finite difference method: Stability and convergent analysis
Authors: Shahmorad Sedaghat , Kalantari Robab , Assadzadeh Ahmad
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a free boundary fractional Black‐Scholes (FBS) model of American put option pricing is investigated. To convert the free boundary FBS model to a model with known boundary condition, the quasi‐stationary method is applied, which leads to solvability of the American put option problem. Then, a nonstandard finite difference method and Grünwald‐Letnikov approximation are respectively used to approximate the derivatives with respect to stock price and time fractional derivative to get a fractional nonstandard finite difference problem. It is then shown that the proposed method is stable and convergent. The uniqueness of the approximate solution is also proved for the proposed method. Our numerical results indicate that the general physical conditions of American put option valuation formulas under the FBS model are satisfied.
Marking Otoliths of Alligator Gar by Immersion in Oxytetracycline
Authors: Snow Richard A. , Long James M. , Porta Michael J.
Published: November 2019

Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula are increasingly being stocked to restore populations, making the need to identify stocked individuals important for monitoring. Oxytetracycline (OTC) immersion allows for large numbers of fish to be marked simultaneously, thus eliminating the need to handle fish individually, but protocols for doing so have not been investigated fully for this species. In this study, we sought to identify dosages of OTC (concentration and duration of exposure) that would successfully mark juvenile Alligator Gar while minimizing mortality as a result of the marking procedures. Juvenile Alligator Gar (38 ± 4.4 mm [mean ± SE]) were collected from raceways at Tishomingo National Fish Hatchery 18–22 d after hatch and were marked during transport to the Oklahoma Fishery Research Laboratory. Ten individuals per treatment (360 total individuals) were randomly placed into one of three replicates containing one of four concentration × duration combinations of Pennox 343 OTC solution. Juvenile Alligator Gar were exposed to an OTC concentration of 0 (control), 500, 600, or 700 mg/L for a duration of 4, 5, or 6 h. Asteriscus, lapillus, and sagittal otoliths were examined for mark presence at 14 d postexposure by using fluorescent microscopy. The OTC concentration and duration both affected mean mark quality similarly among otolith types. Mortality increased with increasing OTC concentration, suggesting that a balance between concentration and duration is needed to achieve marking goals. Based on our findings, batch marking of Alligator Gar was successful at OTC concentrations from 500 to 700 mg/L for 4–6 h, although immersion at 500 mg/L for 6 h and 600 mg/L for 4–6 h produced the best balance between high mark quality and low associated mortality.
Effects of Probiotics on Intestinal Failure–Associated Liver Disease in Adult Patients Receiving Prolonged Parenteral Support: A Tertiary Care Center Experience
Authors: Alomari Mohammad , Nusairat Leen , Al Momani Laith , Chadalavada Pravallika , Covut Fahrettin , Olayan May , Young Mark , Romero‐Marrero Carlos
Published: November 2019

Background

It has been hypothesized that dysbiosis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on IFALD in patients receiving parenteral support, namely home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and home intravenous fluids (HIVFs).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed charts
of patients with intestinal failure who received HPN or HIVF for >2 weeks at our tertiary center between January 2005 and August 2016.

We excluded patients <18 years of age, patients with other causes of liver disease, patients who used probiotics for <30 days, patients with <6 months' follow‐up, and those who had long‐term antibiotic use (>30 days). Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used in this study.

Results

A total of 282 patients who received parenteral support were included. Eighty‐five percent of our sample received PN. A total of 78 (27.7%) patients used probiotics. The prevalence of IFALD in patients who used probiotics was 35.9% vs 54.4% in patients who did not use probiotics, P = .005. In multivariable analysis, only small‐bowel length of 10‐90 cm and HPN use showed a significant impact on IFALD, odds ratio (OR) = 4.394 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.635‐11.814; P = .003) and OR = 4.502 (95% CI 1.412‐14.351; P = .011), respectively.

Conclusion

Our study revealed that the prevalence of IFALD was comparable among the probiotic users and nonusers. Only small bowel length of 1090 cm and HPN use showed a significant impact on IFALD.
Gender Differences in Loneliness across the Lifespan: A Meta–Analysis
Authors: Maes Marlies , Qualter Pamela , Vanhalst Janne , Van den Noortgate Wim , Goossens Luc
Published: November 2019

Different theoretical contentions on gender differences in loneliness exist, often including the emergence of gender differences in particular developmental periods. To explain those ideas, the current meta–analysis synthesizes the available evidence on gender differences in loneliness across the lifespan. Three–level meta–analyses were conducted with 751 effect sizes, covering 399,798 individuals (45.56% males). Results showed a close–to–zero overall effect ( g = 0.07). Most examined moderators were non–significant, except for age, the scope of the sampling area, and year of publication. Most importantly, all effects were small, suggesting that across the lifespan mean levels of loneliness are similar for males and females.
The revelation of ESIPT behavior and fluoride response mechanism for (E)‐2‐(((1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐imino)methyl)‐5‐(dimethylamino)‐phenol
Authors: Zheng Dan , Li Hui , Zhang Mengjiao , Liu Xiaobiao , Yang Dapeng
Published: November 2019

Given the tremendous potential of fluorescence sensors in recent years, in this work, as a kind of novel and few studied sensor containing both NH and OH binding sites, (E)‐2‐(((1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐imino)methyl)‐5‐(dimethylamino)‐phenol (bip) has been investigated on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) based on time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method. Our simulated absorption and fluorescence spectra based on the TDDFT method are in agreement with the experimental results. Two kinds of bip structures could found in the S1 state, which could be attributed to the ESIPT reaction. Hydrogen bond strengthening has been testified in the S1 state based on comparing staple bond lengths and bond angles involved in hydrogen bond between S0 and S1 states. The calculated infrared (IR) vibrational spectra at the O‐H stretching vibrational region and theoretical hydrogen bonding energy also declare the phenomenon of hydrogen bond strengthening. The frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) analysis and Natural bond orbital (NBO) manifest the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristic for bip chromophore, which reveals the tendency of proton transfer. The potential energy curvess of the S0 and S1 states are constructed to explain the mechanism of the proton transfer in excited state in detail. Further, given fluorescence sensing mechanism, we present the addition of fluoride anion can spontaneously capture the hydrogen proton of hydroxyl forming intermolecular hydrogen bond O‐H···F, which results in the formation of anion product with response fluoride anion.
Surface technology for additive manufacturing
Authors: Holländer Andreas , Cosemans Patrick
Published: November 2019

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are recognized as promising new approaches for the production of industrial goods. One of the major drawbacks, however, is the surface quality of parts prepared by AM. In the present paper, the potential of applying classical surface technology to efficiently improve the surface properties of AM products is explored. The surface properties of parts produced by different AM technologies were investigated and showed rather large variations between various spots at the surface. Low‐pressure plasma, as well as flame treatment, were found to provide a good activation also of the porous surfaces of parts prepared by selective laser sintering of PA12 (polyamide). Lacquering was found to tremendously reduce the roughness of AM products. The best results were obtained by the combination of lacquering and polishing of lacquers, which are optimized for polishing.
Modelling the Fluctuations of Reactive Shock Waves in Heterogeneous Solid Explosives as Stochastic Processes
Authors: Kittell David E. , Yarrington Cole D. , Lechman Jeremy B. , Damm David L. , Baer Melvin R.
Published: November 2019

While current phenomenological burn models are useful for describing the average or bulk reactive flow behaviour of heterogeneous explosives, one fundamental weakness inherent to these models is the loss of detailed microstructural information at the scale of the calculation. In order to include the effects of the microstructure, and in particular the underlying material heterogeneities that influence the build‐up to detonation, a new paradigm is put forth for modelling sub‐grid, reaction‐induced fluctuations (i. e. “hot spots”) at the continuum level. This modelling approach assumes that the reaction rate is stochastic, rather than deterministic, and it uses Langevin‐type equations with a mathematical framework built upon Itô calculus and Lambourn's CIM model for shocked heterogeneous explosives. This approach follows directly from our previous letter, Ref. [1], and is inspired by the probability density function (pdf) methods used in turbulent reactive flows. Here, the stochastic burn model is derived, implemented, and exercised far beyond what has been shown in previous work. New hydrocode simulation results demonstrate the role of stochastic fluctuations during shock initiation; these fluctuations are approximated by collections of discrete particles, that evolve with drift (i. e. deterministic) and diffusion (i. e. stochastic) coefficients. Additionally, the particle values are propagated and averaged to calculate the heat release, yield strength, and material impedance in each computational cell. Hydrocode simulation results further show how the fluctuating hot spot energy may or may not be transmitted to the wave front, and result in a detonation wave‐like structure. The fundamental stochastic nature of this model permits simulations to have varying outcomes with the same initial conditions; this allows for go/no‐go estimation (e. g., marginal or failed detonations), which might possibly be calibrated using the statistical distributions from real materials. Mesoscale calculations of shocked heterogeneous explosives also show that these fluctuations are physically justified (i. e., Ref. [2]), and it is hypothesized that the pdf functions provide a link between the meso(grain) and continuum scales for practical engineering calculations. Thus, our approach is a paradigm shift for building efficient, reduced order continuum burn models, that represent the sub‐grid stochastic behaviour of shocked heterogeneous solid explosives.
Bridging protein structure, dynamics, and function using hydrogen/deuterium‐exchange mass spectrometry
Authors: Hodge Edgar A. , Benhaim Mark A. , Lee Kelly K.
Published: November 2019

Much of our understanding of protein structure and mechanistic function has been derived from static high‐resolution structures. As structural biology has continued to evolve it has become clear that high‐resolution structures alone are unable to fully capture the mechanistic basis for protein structure and function in solution. Recently Hydrogen/Deuterium‐exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX‐MS) has developed into a powerful and versatile tool for structural biologists that provides novel insights into protein structure and function. HDX‐MS enables direct monitoring of a protein's structural fluctuations and conformational changes under native conditions in solution even as it is carrying out its functions. In this review, we focus on the use of HDX‐MS to monitor these dynamic changes in proteins. We examine how HDX‐MS has been applied to study protein structure and function in systems ranging from large, complex assemblies to intrinsically disordered proteins, and we discuss its use in probing conformational changes during protein folding and catalytic function.

Statement for a Broad Audience

The biophysical and structural characterization of proteins provides novel insight into their functionalities. Protein motions, ranging from small scale local fluctuations to larger concerted structural rearrangements, often determine protein function. Hydrogen/Deuterium‐exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX‐MS) has proven a powerful biophysical tool capable of probing changes in protein structure and dynamic protein motions that are often invisible to most other techniques.
Interpretation of damage caused by a vapor cloud explosion
Authors: Johnson D. Michael , Pekalski Andrzej , Tam Vincent H. Y. , Burgan Bassam A. , Hoorelbeke Pol , Savvides Chris , Allason Daniel
Published: November 2019

The understanding of vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) has changed significantly over recent years. Whereas it had been previously considered that VCE incidents had involved only deflagrations restricted to well‐defined congested process regions, it is now widely accepted that deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) has been involved in major VCE incidents. Once DDT occurs, high pressures will be generated throughout any remaining unburned cloud, not just the congested process region. The stimulus for this change in understanding was the research conducted following the Buncefield incident in the UK in 2005; however, the conclusions have been found relevant to other VCE incidents. In the process of both conducting the research and reviewing VCE incidents, a significant amount of data have been obtained on the effects of VCEs on items within and around the flammable cloud. These data will be of significant value in the interpretation of the forensic evidence produced in any future VCE. This article reviews the data available from the research and shows how it can be used in the investigation of any future VCE incidents.
A mass spectrometry imaging method for visualizing synthetic polymers by using average molecular weight and dispersity as indices
Authors: Satoh Takaya , Nakamura Sayaka , Fouquet Thierry , Sato Hiroaki , Ueda Yoshihisa
Published: November 2019

Rationale

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) is considered to be a powerful tool for visualizing the spatial distribution of synthetic polymers. However, a conventional method extracting an image of a specific m/z value is not suitable for polymers, which have a mass distribution. It is necessary to develop the visualization method to show the spatial distribution of entire polymer series.

Methods

The mass peaks included in polymer series were specified from the average mass spectrum of the entire MSI measurement region by using Kendrick mass defect analysis. The images of those mass peaks were extracted and the number average molecular weight (Mn), the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and dispersity (Đ) were calculated for each pixel. Finally, the spatial distribution of the polymer series was summarized to images using Mn, Mw and Đ as indices.

Results

The effects of the methods were investigated by (i) polymers with different mass distributions and (ii) polymers with different repeat units and end‐groups. In both cases, the spatial distribution of specific polymer series including several dozens to hundreds of mass peaks was summarized into three images related to Mn, Mw and Đ, which are familiar indices in polymer analysis. The results are able to provide an overview of the spatial variation of each polymer more intuitively.

Conclusions

The visualization of Mn, Mw and Đ will help provide an overview of the spatial distribution of polymer series combined with ion intensity distribution made by conventional methods. It can be also applied to other mass spectrometric imaging methods such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) or time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS).
Synthesis of Indoline‐Based Benzhydroxamic Acids as Potential HDAC6 Inhibitors
Authors: Depetter Yves , Geurs Silke , Franceus Jorick , Knez Damijan , Desmet Tom , De Bosscher Karolien , De Wever Olivier , Gobec Stanislav , D'hooghe Matthias
Published: November 2019

The synthesis of HDAC6 inhibitors has attracted considerable interest in medicinal chemistry because of their drug potential in different therapeutic areas. In this paper, the preparation of two classes of indoline‐based benzhydroxamic acids is presented, bearing either the classical 4‐hydroxycarbamoylbenzyl or a hitherto unexplored 2‐[4‐(hydroxycarbamoyl)phenoxy]ethyl group, which were shown to exhibit complete HDAC6 inhibition at 10 μM. Furthermore, evaluation of these compounds for interaction with cholinesterases (AChE and BChE) and monoamine oxidases (A and B) revealed some of them to be moderate inhibitors in that respect as well.
A Versatile Pre and Post Ugi Modification for the Synthesis of Natural Product Inspired Fused Peptide‐Carboline Scaffolds as Potential Anti‐Leishmanial Agents
Authors: Khan Irfan , Singh Jaybir , Kumar Vivek , Verma Ved Prakash , Shukla Monika , Dhasmana Anupam , Naruka Puspendera Singh , Goswami Ajay Kumar , Ameta Keshav Lalit , Khan Shahnawaz
Published: November 2019

A series of novel β‐carboline‐peptide (5 a‐5 f)/ tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines‐peptide (10 a‐10 f) has been synthesized via natural product inspired molecular hybridization approach. All the hybrids were examined for their anti‐leishmanial potential. Most of the screened derivatives exhibited significant in vitro anti‐leishmanial activity against promastigote and intracellular amastigotes (IC50 ranging from 2.43 to 7.61 μM) than the control, miltefosine (IC50 = 8.2 μM), with less cytotoxicity in comparison to the standard drugs (sodium stibogluconate, and miltefosine). Compound 5 a was also able to inhibit Leishmania donovani TR (LdTR). A molecular modeling study based on docking and subsequent binding free energy evaluation was carry out in the active site of LdTR to understand their possible binding site. Our results show that prototype 1(5 a‐5 f) & 2 (10 a‐10 f) represent a new structural lead for anti‐leishmanial Chemotherapy.
Iodine‐Mediated Nucleophilic Direct Oxidative α‐Acetoxylation and α‐Alkoxylation of Ketones
Authors: Pogaku Naresh , Krishna Palakodety Radha , Prapurna Y. Lakshmi
Published: November 2019

A general and facile approach for the direct α‐functionalization of ketones mediated by iodine is developed. The operational simplicity, easily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions and tolerance of wide range of functional groups are the major benefits of the reaction.
Work‐related stress and cognitive performance among middle‐aged adults: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil)
Authors: de Souza‐Talarico Juliana Nery , Suemoto Claudia Kimie , Santos Itamar S. , Griep Rosane Härter , Yamaguti Siomara Tavares Fernandes , Lotufo Paulo A. , Bensenõr Isabela J.M.
Published: November 2019

Assessing risk factors exposure, such as stress in the workplace during adulthood, may contribute to detecting early signs of cognitive impairment in order to implement effective actions to improve brain health and consequently to decrease cognitive disorders later in life. In this cross‐sectional study, we aimed to investigate whether work‐related stress is associated with low cognitive performance in middle‐aged adults from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil) and whether social support mediates this relationship. Work‐related stress was evaluated in 9,969 workers using the Demand‐Control‐Support Questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed using the verbal fluency, trail‐making version B, and delayed recall word tests. Work‐related stress was associated with lower performance on the delayed recall, verbal fluency, and executive function tests in middle‐aged adults. Social support may mediate the association between work demands and cognitive performance. These findings support that work‐related stress is associated with cognitive performance during adulthood.
Numerical Simulation of Hot Metal Carbonization by Dead‐Man Coke in the Blast Furnace Hearth
Authors: Shao Lei , Zhang Chengbo , Qu Yingxia , Saxén Henrik , Zou Zongshu
Published: November 2019

An adequate and stable carbon content of hot metal plays a key role in maintaining a low production cost of the conventional steelmaking route, involving the blast furnace (BF) and the basic oxygen furnace (BOF). The carbonization of BF hot metal by dead‐man coke in the hearth region, which has been considered decisive for the final carbon content in the liquid, is yet to be explored because it has not received much attention. For this purpose, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is established to provide an overall picture of hot metal carbonization by dead‐man coke in the BF hearth. The main assumptions and simplifications, as well as the governing equations involving momentum and species transport in a multiphase system concerning the dead man and hot metal, are outlined herein, where the accuracy of the model is verified by comparison with measured data from an industrial BF. The model is illustrated by a set of simulation cases that examine how different factors affect the carbonization process. The model and its results are expected to be helpful for the BF operator to advance the knowledge and understanding of the complex phenomena in the BF hearth.
Stability design of cable‐stayed columns
Authors: Tankova Trayana , da Silva Luís Simões , Martins João Pedro
Published: November 2019

Selected, extended paper from the SDSS 2019 special session ECCS/TC8 – Structural Stability

Cable‐stayed columns offer several advantages among traditional solutions. Owing to the additional restraint given by the prestressed cables and cross‐arms, they can provide enhanced buckling resistance in comparison to conventional columns. They are also aesthetically appealing, combining a strong architectural effect with a top‐notch engineering solution. This paper presents a design approach for the stability design of prestressed cable‐stayed columns. This method is based on the well‐known Ayrton‐Perry format, combining first‐ and second‐order effects. The imperfection factors were calibrated on the basis of experimental results. This method is consistent with design rules for uniform columns in Eurocode 3 and is easy to apply.
The simplified method of the equivalent compression flange
Authors: Schaper Lukas , Jörg Fabian , Winkler Rebekka , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Knobloch Markus
Published: November 2019

Extended version of the Tomáš Vraný SDSS Award 2019

The method of the equivalent compression flange simplifies the verification of lateral torsional buckling of steel beams to flexural buckling of an equivalent part of the cross‐section that is in compression. The current simplified method is based on outdated normative rules and the design results may be both, uneconomic and non‐conservative. To remedy these shortcomings, the simplified method is modified based on the basic structural behaviour of steel beams taking into account the effects of material, cross‐sectional geometry and residual stresses. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study on the lateral torsional buckling behaviour and residual stresses of welded doubly‐ and mono‐symmetric I‐shaped steel beams. Moreover, an improved simplified method of the equivalent compression flange is proposed for design purposes.
Human iPSC differentiation to retinal organoids in response to IGF1 and BMP4 activation is line- and method-dependent
Authors: Chichagova Valeria , Hilgen Gerrit , Ghareeb Ali , Georgiou Maria , Carter Madeleine , Sernagor Evelyne , Lako Majlinda , Armstrong Lyle
Published: November 2019

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal organoids provide a platform to study human retinogenesis, disease modeling, and compound screening. Although retinal organoids may represent tissue structures with greater physiological relevance to the in vivo human retina, their generation is not without limitations. Various protocols have been developed to enable development of organoids with all major retinal cell types; however, variability across iPSC lines is often reported. Modulating signaling pathways important for eye formation, such as those involving bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), is a common approach used for the generation of retinal tissue in vitro. We used three human iPSC lines to generate retinal organoids by activating either BMP4 or IGF1 signaling and assessed differentiation efficiency by monitoring morphological changes, gene and protein expression, and function. Our results showed that the ability of iPSC to give rise to retinal organoids in response to IGF1 and BMP4 activation was line- and method-dependent. This demonstrates that careful consideration is needed when choosing a differentiation approach, which would also depend on overall project aims.