bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Mites and Thrips on Turfgrass, Golden, Co 1990
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney
Published: December 2017

The experiment was established 27 Apr along a turfgrass sward in a highway median near Golden. Plots were 7-ft × 7-ft, arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. Sprays were applied in a liquid volume equivalent to 5 gal/1000 ft2. Evaluations were made 4 and 22 May using a D-Vac suction sampler, of 15-inch diameter, making 6 put-downs/plot.
Spring Management of Bluegrass Billbug with Merit 75Wsp and Vector Tl at the Valentine Turfgrass Research Center, University Park, Pa, 1994
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. , Silcox C.
Published: December 2017

The field plot consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass. Treatment plots were 6 × 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Two ft untreated barriers were placed between each treatment replicate. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (31 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 78°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 76°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 66°F; RH, 80%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil type, silt-clay-loam; soil particle size analysis: 16.0% sand, 54.2% silt, 29.8% clay; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 14.7%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 6.9; and skies were clear. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 30 DAT (30 Jun). Bluegrass billbug control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of bluegrass billbug life stages (larva, pupa, adult) were recorded from each sample and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4-inch cup cutter. Billbug feeding damage rating was recorded on 12 Jul. Each 54 ft2 replicate was rated by determining larval feeding damage based on color ratings.\
Spray Table Evaluation of Brigade and Dibrom for Control of Bertha Armyworm on Hops, 1994
Authors: Cone W. W. , Miller R. H.
Published: December 2017

Bertha armyworm larvae were collected from mature hops from yards located in the lower Yakima Valley of Washington state. Worms were maintained on picked hop leaves in the refrigerator at about 14°C until tested. In an initial test, five worms were placed in each of 4 square polyethylene petri dishes and various concentrations of Brigade applied using a spray table. An H20 check was included in the spray series. Following treatment, counts were made of worms at three post spraying intervals (PT), the number of dead worms noted and percent mortality was computed. The same experimental protocol was followed in a second test, except that Dibrom was included as a treatment and worm mortality was assessed hourly for four hours.
Development of a Filter-Paper Bioassay for Sugarbeet Root Aphid, 1993
Authors: Campbell C. D. , Hutchison W. D.
Published: December 2017

A bioassay was developed for first-instar SRA using micro-encapsulated diazinon (Diazinon 2FE; formulation 2340-1). Nymphs were collected by isolating individual, apterous adults in small cages fastened to hydroponic growth pouches (Campbell & Hutchison [1995], Can. Entomol. 127:[in press]). The colony had been in laboratory culture for approximately two years, with supplemental aphids added each year during summer months. Adults were allowed to larviposit for 24 h. The resulting cohort of first instars was assumed to have an average age of 12 h. A series of 6 dilutions was prepared from a stock solution of formulated product and distilled water. Filter paper discs (5.5 cm diam.) were soaked to saturation in each dilution (as well as a distilled water check) and placed in a 6.0- cm petri dish to dry. Approximately 60 nymphs were placed in each dish when the filter paper appeared dry, but was still moist enough to stick to the dish (1 h). Dishes were sealed with parafilm, held at 20°C for 24 h, and then checked for mortality. Dead nymphs and those exhibiting functional mortality (i.e., inability to walk, uncoordinated movement, etc.) were recorded as dead. The bioassay, using a new serial dilution for each, was repeated three times. Data were analyzed using the PROBIT procedure of SAS, which accounted for control mortality prior to fitting the model.
Blueberry Maggot Control, Jonesboro, 1994
Authors: Collins J. A. , Forsythe H. Y.
Published: December 2017

Malathion was applied in a bearing blueberry field at Jonesboro, Maine on 11 and 18 Jul, Mavrik on 11 and 27 Jul, and Imidan on 12 Jul. Plot size was ca. 100- by 275-ft for the former 2 treatments; the Imidan plot was ca. 425- by 425-ft and the untreated area was ca. 100- by 200-ft. There was one replication of each treatment, applied at a rate of 25 gal/acre using a CIMA P55D Atomizer Low Volume sprayer mounted on an Agco Allis 6670 tractor operating at 40 psi and driven at ca. 1.8 mph. At first treatment, ca. 5% of the berries were ripening and turning blue. On 8 Aug, one quart of berries was raked from each of 9 or 10 systematically selected areas within each treated and untreated area at least 25 ft from plot boundaries. Berries were refrigerated and processed within 3 days by boiling the berries and extracting the maggots from the pulp. The only significant weather conditions during this test were rains of 1.12 and 0.78 inches occurring on 19 and 27 Jul, respectively; Mavrik was applied after the rainfall on 27 Jul.
Insecticide Evaluations Against Soil Insect Pests of Blueberries, 1994
Authors: Polavarapu S. , Pavlis G. C.
Published: December 2017

This experiment was conducted in a nonbearing 3-year-old ‘bluecrop’ blueberry field, near Hammonton, NJ. Soils at this location were sandy loam with 4.7 pH and irrigated season long. Blueberry bushes were approximately 3-4 ft tall and spaced 3 × 8 ft apart. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design with each replicate consisting of 48-ft-long rows with 10-12 bushes in 2 to 4 rows. Treatments were separated by at least 2 unsprayed rows and 4 unsprayed plants within a row that served as buffer. Insecticides were applied as a 1-ft band on both sides of the plant for a total of 96 sq ft of treated area per replication. Granular insecticides were applied by spreading the granules evenly by hand and incorporated to a depth of 1-2 inches using a hand hoe. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 pressurized Model T backpack sprayer (R&D Sprayers) equipped with a single TeeJet nozzle (8002VS) operated at 35 psi. Insecticides were applied twice, on 3 Jun and 24 Aug. Insecticides were sprayed using 1.5 liters of water per replicate on 3 Jun and 1 liter on 24 Aug (30—45 gal/acre). Following each application the field was irrigated by drip irrigation with at least 1 inch of water. Treatment effects were evaluated by examining soil and roots in 1-ft-diameter by 1-ft deep areas around the plants (2 plants/replicate) for whitegrubs (including OB, JB, AGB) and mealybugs. Colonies of newly hatched nymphs of mealybugs were counted separately. Plants were sampled between 20-27 Jun following the first application and between 12-19 Sep following the second application.
Evaluation of Beauveria Bassiana (Mycotrol® WP) with Pyrethroids for Control of Whitefly in Spring Cantaloupes
Authors: Jaronski Stefan T. , Lord Jeffrey C. , Paden Ron
Published: December 2017

Cantaloupe, var. ‘Top Score,’ was planted in slant beds on 80-inch centers 17 February at Somerton, AZ. Plots were 4 rows by 25 feet long, with end buffers of 5 feet. Design was a RCB with 4 replicate plots per treatment. All materials were applied in 0.05% Silwet L77 spreader. Applications were started 18 May when whitefly numbers had reached 0.5 per cm2 of leaf. Additional sprays were made 1, 5, 9, 15 and 22 June. The first application was made at 40 gpa with a horizontal boom set with two drop nozzles (Dl/13 disc-core hollow cone) on each side directed towards the bed. The second application was made with a horizontal boom 4 inches over top of the row with 4 nozzles (Dl/13) at 16-inch intervals, directed downwards, delivering 40 gpa at 120 psi. For the third application, the number of nozzles was increased to seven per bed with a spacing of 4 inches; nozzles were alternately arranged forwards and backwards at about a 30 degree angle. Gpa was increased to 70, pressure decreased to 90 psi The final three sprays were made with the same boom configuration but used D2/33 full-cone nozzles delivering 100 gpa at 80 psi. Sprays were monitored by the use of water sensitive spray cards and coverslips mounted on leaf undersides in the melon plant canopy. Leaf samples were taken for nymphal counts on 15, 31 May, 10, 21, and 27 June. In each case 10 mid-crown leaves were collected per plot. Nymphs were counted in two 2.4 cm diameter discs taken from the basal areas of each leaf. Insect data were subjected to n transformation before ANOVA; means were separated by Tukey’s HSD Test (P=.05). Yields were determined on 28 June, 1995, by harvesting marketable melons from center two rows of each plot and grading by size.
Control of Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle, Big Lake, Mn, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Miller Jennifer
Published: December 2017

This is the third trial in this general potato production area, and is the first with so many new chemistries in the same trial. We initiated trials at this location in 1992 because most other compounds began to fail. Soils are sandy loams and are irrigated. Plots were 4 rows X 30 ft. long with a row width of 3 ft. in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Soil applications of Admire 2F were made post plant (6 May) by opening the planting ridge, and applying Admire 2F at the rate of 1.3 fl. oz/1000 row foot in 20 gal total material. The ridge was then replaced. Foliars were broadcast in 20 gal total material on 14, 21, 29 June; 6, 12, 20 July. The entire plot area was treated with the rest of the field the last week of July. The two center rows of each plot were harvested and weighed for yield.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Crookston, Mn, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Holder Bobby , Miller Jennifer , Holen Carlyle
Published: December 2017

Plots were planted at the Northwest Experiment Station on 12 May. Soils are Bearden silty clay loam and were dry at planting time. Plot size was four 3.33 ft. wide rows X 25 feet in length. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Soil treatments were applied in 20 gal total material, immediately post plant, within 2” of the seed piece and covered. Foliars were broadcast in 20 gal total material per acre on 23 and 30 June, 15 July and 3 Aug. This site flooded in midseason and remained exceeding wet until season’s end. The center two rows of each plot were harvested for yield.
Control of Insect Pests in The First Alfalfa Crop, 1995
Authors: Berberet R. , Zarrabi A. , Bisges A.
Published: December 2017

Seven chemical insecticide treatments were evaluated for control of AW larvae and aphids in the first crop of a second year stand of ‘Cimarron VR’ alfalfa on the Agronomy Experiment Station, Stillwater, OK. Pretreatment samples indicated a population of 3.1 AW larvae and 20.5 aphids per stem. Insecticides were applied on 1 Apr using flooding nozzles (Spraying Systems Co., TK SS-5) calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 24 psi when traveling 3 mph. A RCB design was used with 5 X 10 m plots replicated 4 times. Sampling was conducted at 3, 6, 13, and 18 DAT by pulling 25 stems per plot and placing them in standard Berlese funnels to extract insects for counting. Subsamples of aphids were identified on each date to determine the proportions of species present. Dry matter yields were estimated from samples of forage taken from a 1 X 5 m area in each plot. Subsamples were dried for determination of moisture content and yields were calculated on a dry weight/acre basis.
Gaucho as an Aphicide in Spring Barley
Authors: Bragg D. E.
Published: December 2017

Plots were seeded by small plot drill on 14 May (80 lb/acre) at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA. Gaucho was applied as a seed treatment and Dimethoate was applied 20-days after emergence (DAE) with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at 20 gpa and 20 psi, with the spray buffered to pH 5.0. Plots were 10 X 30 ft replicated 4 times in a RCB design. The experiment was designed to measure 1) the impact of Russian wheat aphid (and other cereal aphids present) on spring barley yields at economic injury levels; 2) the value of Gaucho as an aphicide in spring barley; and 3) effects of aphid controls on parasitoids of RWA and other species. Treatments were evaluated at 6, 13, 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, and 55-DAE by visual examination for each aphid species per tiller plus number of aphids per tiller, and the mean number of aphids parasitized (Diaeretiella rapae Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae in all cases). The dimethoate treatment was made on 20-DAE (approaching economic injury level) and evaluated on 6-DAT (27-DAE) and 13-DAT (34-DAE) as well as on all other DAE dates. At crop maturity, yield was calculated from m2 samples from each replicate to provide mean tons/acre for each treatment. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (P = 0.05; LSD).
The Effect of Adjuvants on Foliar Insecticide Efficacy Against Thrips in Cotton, 1995
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D.
Published: December 2017

Cotton seed was planted in a Gigger silt loam on 11 May at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station. The seed was treated with Orthene 80S (8 oz form/cwt seed) and Terraclor Super X (10 lb form/acre) was applied at planting to reduce seedling disease problems. Plots in this test consisted of 2 rows (40 inch centers) X 25 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor mounted boom equipped with compressed air delivery system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet TVS 8001 flat fan nozzles (2/row) at 38 psi. Plots were treated on 25 May and sampled on 28 May (3 DAT), 30 May (5 DAT) and 1 Jun (7 DAT). Treatments were evaluated by randomly collecting 10 plants in each plot and processing samples with whole plant washing procedures. These plots received 0.23 inches of rainfall on 31 May and 0.58 inch of rainfall on 1 Jun. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Field Populations of Beet Armyworm, 1995
Authors: Mascarenhas V. J. , Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. , Burris E. , Cook D. , Fife J. H.
Published: December 2017

Field tests were conducted at the Northeast Research Stations located at St. Joseph and Winnsboro, LA to evaluate the efficacy of 3 registered and 3 experimental insecticides against beet armyworms on cotton. Each test was arranged in a RCBD and replicated 4 times with plots of 4 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft. In Test I, cotton (‘Stoneville LA 887’) was planted on 16 May. In Test I cotton (‘DPL 5690’) was planted on 20 Jun. Treatments for Tests I and II were applied with a high clearance sprayer on 15 and 30 Aug, respectively. In Test I, the sprayer was calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet X-12 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 52 psi. In Test II, the sprayer was calibrated to deliver 11.3 gpa through Teejet X-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 44 psi. Treatment efficacy was determined by taking 2 drop-cloth 3 ft2 samples of a single treated row. Samples were taken at 3, 5, 7 and 10 DAT on rows 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by means separation according to Fischer’s Protected LSD. No rainfall occurred during the experimental period in Test I. Only a trace (< 0.05 inches) of rainfall was recorded during the experimental period in Test II at 7 DAT and it was not considered sufficient to affect insecticide efficacy.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticide Mixtures for Bollworm/Tobacco Budworm Control, 1995
Authors: Micinski S. , Scarborough R. G. , Forrester F. D. , Graves J. B.
Published: December 2017

Nineteen treatments were evaluated at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine their efficacy in controlling the bollworm/tobacco budworm complex on cotton. Plots were planted 5 May and were 4 rows X 100 ft on 40-inch centers. All plots had Temik 15G (0.5 lb [AI]/acre) and Terraclor Super-X 10-2.5G (1.0 + 0.25 lb [AI]/acre) applied infurrow at planting. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plots were oversprayed with Vydate C-LV (0.25 lb [AI]/acre) for plant bugs and boll weevils on 6, 19, and 23 Jun and for boll weevils with Penncap-M (0.25 lb [AI]/acre) and twice with methyl parathion 4EC (0.33 lb [AI]/acre) on 3, 11, and 26 Aug, respectively. Plots were oversprayed for the bollworm/tobacco budworm complex with Karate 1EC (0.03 lb [AI]/acre) on 26 Aug. Insecticide treatments were applied in 5.4 gpa at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 20 inches apart (2 nozzles/row). Treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticide treatments were applied on 21, 28 Jul, 7, and 14 Aug. Infestations of larvae and square damage were monitored on 24, 31 Jul and 11 Aug by examining 25 squares/plot. Boll damage was monitored on 18 Aug by examining 25 bolls/plot. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot on 9 Oct.
Evaluation of Gaucho Seed Treatments for Control of Thrips on Cotton in Mississippi, 1995
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Jackson C. S.
Published: December 2017

Insecticides were evaluated at the North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, MS, in a RCB design with 5 replications. Plot size was 4 rows (38 inch spacing) wide by 50 ft long with no untreated buffer rows. Insecticides were applied as seed treatments planted with a John Deere 7100 planter equipped with cone planters. Plots were sampled 4 times on 5 to 7 d intervals by collecting 5 plants at random by cutting plants at ground level and gently placing them in Ziploc bags for transportation to the lab. Samples were then washed with a mixture of Clorox, water and a drop of dishwashing detergent into a sieve with 125 micron openings and backwashed onto filter paper. Adults were identified by use of a dissection microscope, and representative insects were mounted on microscope slides for verification of those identifications by use of phase contrast microscopy. Over 95% of the adults were tobacco thrips.
Efficacy of Fipronil and Provado Against Tarnished Plant Bugs in Cotton, 1994
Authors: Scott W. P. , Snodgrass Gordon L.
Published: December 2017

A test was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Fipronil, Provado and Vydate (standard) against a heavy infestation of TPB during Aug at the USDA Southern Insect Management Laboratory, Stoneville, MS. Cotton was planted on 25 May. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications of 16 rows X 80 ft plots. Natural infestations were allowed to infest plots. Treatments were applied on 11 and 17 Aug with a John Deere high clearance sprayer with a CO2 charged delivery system calibrated to deliver 6 gpa at 40 psi through 2, TX-6 nozzles equally spaced per row. Treatments were sampled on 15 Aug and 19 Aug with a standard 15 inch diam sweep net by counting the combined populations of adults and nymphs in a 25-sweep sample/plot.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Karate 1Ec, 1995
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G.
Published: December 2017

The experiments were conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. Experiment I was water-seeded rice with continuous flood. The experiment was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and was surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 12 May plots were treated with Ordram 1 at 27 lb/acre and fertilized with urea at 110.5 lb N/acre followed by a light incorporation into dry, cloddy soil (League) with a rake. Plots were then flooded and sown (12 May) with presprouted Gulfmont seed at 130 lb dry seed/acre. To prepare presprouted seed, dry seed was soaked in water for 24 h then drained and allowed to air dry for 24 h before planting. Flood depth was about 4 inches and rice emerged through water 18 May–6 d after planting. Karate treatments were applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screen), hand-held, CO2 pressurized spray rig. Final spray volume was 30 gpa. Furadan was applied with a hand-held shaker jar at the rate and time shown in Table 1. On 12 Jun (25 d after emergence of rice through water) 5, 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core contained at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot, washed, and immature RWW recovered. At maturity (24 Aug) plots were harvested with a small combine and yields adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x+0.5 and all data analyzed by 2 way ANOVA and, where appropriate, DMRT.
Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs With Dursban, Talstar, and Experimental Formulations on a Golf Course Fairway in Centre County, Pennsylvania, 1995
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R.
Published: December 2017

The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (30%). Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (21 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 73°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 84°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 80°F; RH, 84%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.75 inches; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 58.2% sand, 31.8% silt, 10.0% clay; organic matter, 4.9%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 25.8; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.4; treatment time, early morning; and clear skies Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were completed on 26 Sep. Three ft2 sod samples were taken from each replicate, and the total number of viable Japanese beetle grubs/ft° was recorded.
Effect Of Spray Methods And Miticides On Control Of Twospotted Spider Mites Infesting Commercial Greenhouse Roses, 1995
Authors: Tjosvold Steven A. , Greene Ian D. , Colbert Don
Published: December 2017

The experiment was conducted in a commercial cut rose greenhouse in Watsonville, California. Each treatment plot was 12 X 3 ft and consisted of 36 mature rose plants. Treatment plots were arranged in a randomized complete block experimental design with 4 replications. Before the treatments began, spider mite infested leaflets were selected and tagged to provide as uniform a spider mite population as possible to sample from during the experiment. Leaflets were selected from fully expanded 5-leaflet leaves. On 18 Oct, 3 leaflets in each treatment plot were randomly selected from the tagged infested leaflets; each leaflet was used as a subsample to determine the mean of the pretreatment population. In subsequent samplings, after the treatments were applied on 19 Oct. 5 leaflets were randomly selected in each treatment plot from the tagged leaflets and used as subsamples. Spider mites (motile stages) were counted immediately after removal of the leaflets from the treatment plots with the aid of a dissecting scope. Conventional spray application treatments were made with a standard spray wand with a 2 nozzled head at 400 gal / acre and 250 psi static pressure. Electrostatic spray application treatments were made with an Electrostatic Spraying Systems spray wand with a 3 nozzled head at 20 gal/acre.
Control Of Gypsy Moth On A Colorado Blue Spruce Nursery, Ottawa Co., Mi 1995
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W.
Published: December 2017

An 8 yr old (4-5 ft tall trees) Colorado blue spruce nursery planting in Robinson Township was used for this test. Each insecticide treatment was replicated 6 times with each replication consisting of 3 adjacent trees. Treatments 3, 4, & 5 consisted of multiple applications. All treatments were applied with a R&D CO2 powered backback unit using a single nozzle wand with an 8003 flat fan nozzle at 50 psi. Each tree was sprayed for 3 s on each of 3 sides (total of 9 s). Calculations were based on 100 gal of finished spray per 2000 trees (per acre). Precounts were done prior to application on treatment 2, 3, & 13 on 11 May for 3 min per tree. On 25 May 20 trees were counted by different samplers for 2 and 3 min each. This showed that accuracy was maintained by counting the trees for just 2 min. Treatments 2, 3 & 13 were sampled on 25 May prior to applications on treatments 3 & 13. All treatments were counted for 2 min on 1, 8 and 15 Jun. Live caterpillars that could be seen on branches, leaves and bark were counted. On 22 Jun, 35 trees were counted and only 2 larvae were found so the rest of the trees were not sampled. Large numbers of larvae infected with virus (NPV) were observed throughout the test.
Elm Leaf Beetle Control Studies in New Mexico, 1995
Authors: Ward Charles R. , Rector Amy , Kainz Juli , Suhr Bryan
Published: December 2017

Twenty-eight lacebark elm trees or tree groups in the Tom Bolack Urban Forestry Park, Albuquerque, NM, were assigned to 4 groups and analyzed as a RCB design. Trees assigned to receive the Merit® 75WP soil drench were treated on 12 May by applying 1 g AI per inch of trunk diam measured at 3 ft above ground level (AGL). Diam ranged from 6.5-36 inches total trunk diam and required 6.5-36 g Al/tree applied in 1 gal water per 100 sq. ft of active root area (to dripline). No special irrigation water was applied, but in the normal watering schedule the trees were drip irrigated that week. Other treatments were made utilizing a commercial piston pump sprayer at 400 psi. The variable gun nozzle required about 5 gal of spray mixture per tree to attain runoff. A foliar fertilizer was added as a spray buffer and foliar feed. Pretreatment evaluations were made by searching the randomly selected trees for hatched elm leaf beetle egg masses. In a few cases unhatched egg masses were included if required to have a total of 5 marked stems per tree. Each infested stem was marked 6–8 inches above the infested area with plastic flagging. Posttreatment evaluations were made by locating each marked limb and enumerating the numbers of live larvae.
Laboratory Evaluation Of Beauveria Bassiana With An Added Chemical Stressor, 1995
Authors: Reuter K. C. , Foster R. N. , Black L. R. , Britton J.
Published: December 2017

Dimilin 2F was evaluated as a chemical stressor for the fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana, in simulated aerial sprays of laboratoryreared fourth instar grasshoppers. Dimilin is normally applied at the recommended rate of 0.015625 lb Al/acre forrangeland grasshopper control. In this study we used rates of onetenth or less of the recommended rate. A tower apparatus utilizing an airbrush was used to apply the candidate sprays. All of the treatments were applied at 1 gal/acre equivalent in oil and replicated 5 times. Conidia and formulation materials were provided by Mycotech Corporation. Annual ryegrass in pot
Apple, European Red Mite and Twospotted Spider Mite Control, 1995
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Roberts C. H. , Mullins C. A. , Straw R. A.
Published: December 2017

Six treatments were evaluated at the Plateau Experiment Station, Crossville. The experimental design was RCB with four replicates. Plots consisted of single trees separated by one buffer tree. Blocks were separated by a row of trees. Insecticide treatments were applied using a ‘Solo’ gasoline powered sprayer providing 81.75 gpa of finished spray on 1 and 25 Aug. Latron B-1956 was added to all treatments at the rate of 4 oz/100 gal spray. Forty leaves from each tree were sampled at random and put in a plastic zip-lock bag on 7, 15, 22, 29 Aug and 5 Sep. Ten leaves from each bag were taken at random, and the number of mites per leaf was counted using a dissecting microscope. All data were subjected to ANOVA.
Root Weevil Control on Red Raspberry, 1995
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J. D. , Shanks C. H.
Published: December 2017

Trials were conducted in a mature field of ‘Chilliwack’ red raspberries in Vancouver, WA. Treatments were replicated 4 times to 9 X 600 ft plots in a RCB design. Sprays were applied on 27 Jul over rows with a hooded boom sprayer equipped with 13 hollow cone D4-45 TeeJet nozzles at 250 psi that delivered 180 gpa at 3 mph. AC 303,630, fipronyl and Brigade were evaluated for field efficacy to control a mixed population of black vine weevil (98%), strawberry root weevil (1%) and obscure root weevil (1%).
Apple, Obliquebanded Leafroller Control with Bacillus Thuringiensis Plus Adjuvants in Summer, 1995
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doerr M. D. , Smith L. O.
Published: December 2017

Dipel 2X, alone and in combination with two spreader adjuvants, Latron B-1956, and Sylgard 309, and the Able and Biobit were evaluated for their ability to control OBLR larvae of the summer generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard at Mattawa, WA. The trees were 3-yr-old Delicious on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to 8-tree plots replicated five times in a randomized complete block. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 26 Jul. The total number of live OBLR larvae found in a 10-min search on all 8 trees of a treatment replication was counted.
Control of Lepidopterous Insects on Cabbage, 1996
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Straw R. A. , Mullins C. A. , Southards C. J.
Published: December 2017

Fourteen foliar insecticide treatments were compared with an untreated check for control of insects on cabbage at the University of Tennessee Plateau Experiment Station, Crossville, TN. Fertilization consisted of 500 lb/A of 10-10-10 applied broadcast and disk incorporated 29 Apr. Greenhouse-grown plants were transplanted 29 Apr. Weed control consisted of Treflan at 0.75 lb Al/acre applied PPI on 29 Apr, cultivation on 20 May, and Lentogran at 0.9 lb Al/acre post emergence on 6 Jun. Treatment plots consisted of 3 rows, each row being 3 ft wide and 10 ft long with 10 plants. Fifteen treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. CS 7 at 0.25% v/v was added to Aphistar and Confirm. Treatments were applied on 13, 20, 27 Jun, and 3 Jul using backpack carbon dioxide powered hand sprayers. Spray volume was 80 gpa of finished spray. Treatments were evaluated by rating the percent of foliage damage. Marketable yields were recorded 29 Jul.
Foliar Sprays to Control Lepidopteran Larvae in Peppers, 1996
Authors: Speese John
Published: December 2017

Peppers were transplanted on 24 May at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 2 rows 20 ft long with 3 ft between row spacing. An untreated guard row separated each plot from its neighbor. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes With Foliar Insecticide Sprays, 1996
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Baumann Donna , Cain Carol , Boltz Melanie
Published: December 2017

‘Red Norland’ potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 8 Apr, ‘96. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 10 inches. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied with a custom built compressed air row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gpa at 30 psi. Treatments were applied 26 May. Novodor plots were sprayed 24 and 26 May. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults, larvae, egg masses/10 plants and the % defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 28 Jun from 20 feet of row.
Evaluation of Fortress Insecticide and the Smartbox™ Application System for Corn Rootworm Control, 1996
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Sloderbeck P. E.
Published: December 2017

This experiment was designed to evaluate Fortress applied at planting with conventional or SmarfBox™ application technology for the control of WCR larvae. Plots were planted at 30,600 seed/acre on 9 May in a furrow irrigated field at the Southwest Research-Extension Center, in Finney County, KS. The field was prewatered 9 Apr, but the seed-bed dried out and the field was watered again 24 May to complete emergence. The soil type was a Richfield silt loam with a pH of 7.5 and an organic matter content of 1.5%. Plots were 2 rows (5 ft) by 50 ft long, arranged in a RCB design, and replicated four times. Plots were separated by 10 ft alleyways at the end of each plot and 4 rows of border corn between each plot. Planting time treat-ments were applied as a 7 inch band over the open seed-furrow (T-band) or into the open seed-furrow (in-furrow) with either a standard John Deere planter-mounted insecticide applicator or with a SmartBox applicator. Spring incorporators were used after the press wheels. Rootworm damage was rated on 4 plants from each plot on 9 Jul using the 6 point Iowa scale. The weather was very dry after planting, averaging 0.4 inches of pan evaporation for the first 17 days. On 26 May, 1.8 inches of rain was recorded and 6.5 inches of rain was recorded between planting and evaluation of the roots. Yields were taken by mechanically harvesting each plot and taking row measurements to correct for gaps created by the destructive sampling.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides for Boll Worm/Tobacco Budworm Control, 1996
Authors: Micinski S. , Scarborough R. G. , Forrester F. D. , Graves J. B.
Published: December 2017

Twelve treatments were evaluated at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA to determine their efficacy in controlling the bollworm/tobacco budworm (BW/TBW) complex on cotton. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plots were planted 3 May and were 4 rows X 100 ft on 40-inch centers. All plots had Temik 15G (0.5 lb [AI]/acre) applied in-furrow at planting. Prior to trial initiation, plots were oversprayed for boll weevils on 4 Jun and 12 Jul (Vy date C-LV at 0.25 lb [AI]/acre); BW/TBW on 14 Jun (Orthene 90SP at 1.0 lb [AI]/acre + Larvin 3.2F at 0.25 lb [AI]/acre), and 29 Jun and 18 Jul (Baythroid 2EC at 0.03 and 0.033 lb [AI]/acre, respectively); and for aphids on 29 Jun and 9 Jul with Lorsban 4EC at 0.5 lb [AI]/acre and Provado and 1.6F at 0.047 lb [AI]/acre, respectively. Insecticide treatments were applied on 23, 30 Jul and 6 Aug. Treatments were applied in 5.9 gpa at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles spaced 20 inches apart (2 nozzles/row). Treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2-system for spraying-small plots. During and after the trial, all plots were oversprayed for boll weevils with methyl parathion 4EC at 0.33 lb [AI]/acre on 2, 19, 21, 30 Aug ane 6 Sep and for BW/TBW on 21 Aug with Baythroid at 0.033 lb [AI]/acre. Infestations of larvae and square damage were monitored on 25, 31 Jul, 7 and 19 Aug by examining 25 squares/plot. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot on 30 Oct.
Foliar Sprays to Control Spider Mites on Soybeans, 1996
Authors: Speese John
Published: December 2017

Soybeans were drill planted on 8 Jun in a commercial field near Craddockville, VA (Accomack County). Each plot consisted of a 25 ft X 5 ft strip, bordered on each side by a 2 ft wide buffer strip. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB. Sprays were applied with a 3 flat fan nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 37 gpa at 40 psi. On 9 Jul, the entire test except for the buffer strips was sprayed with 1.00 lb(AI)/acre of Sevin XLR in order to kill any predators and thus insure a uniform mite population. The treat-ments were applied on 16 Jul.
Tobacco Aphid Control in Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1996
Authors: Crowe Bert D. , Taylor J. Delano , McPherson Robert M. , Wells M. Leonard
Published: December 2017

Flue-cured tobacco, variety K-326, was transplanted on 11 Apr 1996 at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station Entomology Farm. Production practices were used according to Georgia Cooperative Extension Service guidelines and included a preplant tank mixture of Tillam and Devrinol for weed control, Ridomil for blue mold control, Lorsban for soil insect control, and Nemacur for nematode suppression. Fertilizer (6-6-18) was applied in a split application at a rate of 1000 pounds/acre. Plots two rows wide (36 inch row spacing) by 20 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plots were separated on each side with one un-treated border row and on each end with an alley 6 ft wide. Two Orthene at transplant treatments were applied in the transplant water at transplanting. On 27 May, 4 foliar insecticide treatments were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with 3 TX-12 nozzles directed over a single row, delivering 29.9 gpa at 40 psi. The number of live aphids on plants 2, 4 and 6 of the left hand row was recorded from each plot prior to treatment (Pre-t) and 4,7 and 14 days after treatment (DAT). All plants were harvested on 17 Jun and 25 Jun, then weighed. All data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test (P = 0.05).
Control of Black Turfgrass Ataenius Adults on a Golf Course Fairway, 1995
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M.
Published: December 2017

The study was conducted on an irrigated golf course fairway at Westfield Country Club, Westfield Center, in Medina Co., OH. Insecticides were applied 15 May to plots 6 ft by the width of the fairway (≥65 ft) replicated four times. Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and Teejet™ XR8006VS nozzles at 35 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2. The granular treatments were applied with a 2-ft drop spreader. After all treatments were applied, the area was irrigated with approximately ¼ inch of water. Environmental conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: BTA - ovipositing adults present; turf-level dry, % inch ht, 100% bentgrass, 1 inch of thatch; soil - moist, 60°F at 1 inch and 3 inches deep; weather - sunny, 64°F, 0-8 mph wind. Evaluation was done on 10 Jul by counting number of live BTA larvae in 10 samples 4% inches in diam from each plot. Analysis of variance was done on plot totals and means separated by DMRT at P = 0.05.
Spring Management of Bluegrass Billbug with Cruiser and Merit, 1996
Authors: Heller P.R. , Walker R.
Published: December 2017

Tests were conducted on a field plot consisting primarily of Kentucky bluegrass at the Valentine Research Center, University Park, PA. Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a CRB design and replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with fine top dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. Cruiser was applied in 2 gal of water from a hand-held 2.5 gal sprinkling can. At the 1st treatment time (18 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 60°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 60°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 56°F; RH, 53%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 26.1% sand, 50.2% silt, 23.7% clay; organic matter, 2.8%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 22.7%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.2; application time, mid-morning; and skies were overcast. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.187 inch of water. At the 2nd treatment-time (28 Jun), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 81 °F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 84°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 80°F; RH, 70%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil textural class, silt loam to loam; soil particle size analysis: 26.1 % sand, 50.2% silt, 23.7% clay; organic matter, 2.8%; soil condition, moist; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.2; application time, early-afternoon; and skies were overcast. Immediately prior to treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.062 inch of water and after treatment each replicate was irrigated in with 0.124 inch of water. Post-treatment counts were made on 2 Jul and 5 Jul. Bluegrass billbug control was evaluated by removing three 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of bluegrass bill-bug life stages (larvae, pupae, adults) were recorded from each sample and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4-inch cup cutter.
Comparison of Broadcast and Soil Injection Treatments of Dursban for Ant Control, 1996
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Carney Bryan
Published: December 2017

This trial was conducted at Gold Star Sod Farm, Canterbury, NH. The treatments were applied on 11 Jul to 8 X 16 ft plots with 1 -ft buffers between plots. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Turf was mowed at 2 inches. An application of Dursban solution and another of water alone given by a tractor-powered Roger’s Root Zone Injector system. Both treatments were injected 3-6 inches into the turf in a 3 X 3 inch pattern at a rate of 9 gal/1000 ft2. The broadcast Dursban was applied in water at a volume of 2 gal/1000 ft2 using a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads; each head was fitted with a 50-mesh strainer and an 8004 fan-type nozzle delivered at 40 psi. Weather conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temp, 81°F; sky, clear; wind, light breeze. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 91°F; at 1-inch depth, 76°F; at 2-inch depth, 73°F; texture, loam; sand, 35%; silt, 45%; clay, 20%; pH, 6.4; dry matter, 89%; moisture, 11%; organic matter, 3%; thatch depth, 1/4 inch. Anthills were counted prior to treatment, and then every 7 days for 6 consecutive weeks thereafter.
Efficacy of Various Insecticides for Control of White Grubs, 1995
Authors: Held D. , Potter D. A. , Williamson C. , Keathley C. , Kunkel B.
Published: December 2017

This test was conducted in turf-type tall fescue at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Farm, near Lexington. The turf was on a Maury silt loam soil (pH = 6.4) with negligible thatch. Plots (4X6 ft; 2 ft untreated borders) were arranged in a RCB, with 4 replications. The turf was treated on 27 Jul, during flight of JB. The soil population consisted mostly of eggs, with some 1st instars. Granular formulations were preweighed, mixed with dry sand, and applied by gloved hand. Liquid applications were applied at 50 gal/acre using a low volume, CO2 sprayer equipped with 4 Spraying System 8004 Tee Jet nozzles that delivered 2109 g pressure per cm2. Each plot was syringed with about 1/8 inch of water within 5 min after application, and the whole site received 3/4 inch irrigation as soon as the last treatment was applied. Conditions during application were 88°F with winds < 10 mph. There was 0.23 inch of rainfall on 26 Jul, the day before the test. There was no additional rain until 5 Aug, when 1.78 inch fell. The curative application of Dylox 6.2G was made on 17 Aug, with 3/4 inch of irrigation immediately after treatment. All plots were sampled on 16 Sep. A motorized sod cutter was used to cut a 3 X 1.5 ft strip, about 3 inches deep, from the center of each plot. The sod was rolled back, broken apart, and examined for grubs, which were counted and identified.
Control of Tobacco Budworm with Foliar-Applied Insecticides, Trial 2, 1996
Authors: Gerace Daniel , Cranshaw Whitney S.
Published: December 2017

Plots were established on 6 Aug utilizing flower beds in a municipal park. Plots were approximately 6 X 3 ft each. The experimental design was a RCB with four replications. Treatments were applied using hand-held spray bottles at a rate of 3 fl oz of insecticide solution per plot. Thuricide, Pyrethrin, Bioneem, and Naturalis-O were applied weekly after sampling was performed. Sevimol, Talstar and Scimitar were applied twice, first on 6 Aug and again on the 29 Aug. Two different cultivar: of petunias were present in the plots, the blue cultivar had an average density of 140 full blooms per sq. yd. and the pink cultivar had an average density of 235 full blooms per square yard. The number of damaged blooms in the center sq yd of each plot was counted weekly throughout the course of the ex periment. Bloom damage was reflected in the holes in flowers and buds, and/or ragged edges. Evaluation on 14 Aug included damage that was alreadv caused prior to treatment application.
Laboratory Evaluation of a Neem Product Against DBM Larvae, 1995
Authors: Mau R.F.L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R.
Published: December 2017

Treatments were evaluated using the leaf dip method. Head cabbage was seeded in community pots. Each pot containing approximately 10 cabbage plants in the 5 true leaf seedling stage was inverted and dipped in a test insecticide mix for about 30 sees for complete coverage. The dipped plants were allowed to air dry. For each dip, 1 liter insecticide mix was prepared based on field rate concentrations of 100 gal/acre. Leaves from treated plants were detached and placed in a ventilated plastic petri dish. DBM larvae from a laboratory colony that originated from individuals collected from a cabbage field at Kula, Hawaii and Kamuela, Hawaii were used. Ten late 2nd instars were placed on each leaf. Fresh leaves from the original treated plant were added every two days. The number of dead larvae was counted at 24-hour intervals. Larvae were recorded as dead when there was no movement when probed.
Laboratory Evaluation of a Diatomaceous Earth and Pyrethrin Insecticide Against DBM Larvae, 1996
Authors: Mau R.F.L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R.
Published: December 2017

Three rates of Organic Solutions 0.2% were compared against a treated check, Xentari, and an untreated check. Test insects were obtained from laboratory colonies initiated from field collected insects. DBM eggs were collected from the colonies and hatched in plastic containers 10 days prior to the start of the bioassay. Larvae were fed fresh cabbage leaves daily and were in the late second to early third instar at the start of the bioassay. The head cabbage variety ‘C-G Hybrid’ was used as the test plant. Seeds were planted in community pots and kept in the greenhouse until ready to use. At the time of the bioassay, the plants were in the 8-10 true leaf stage. A cabbage leaf with a diameter greater than 5 cm was removed and infested with 10 DBM larvae. Each spray mix as agitated vigorously and placed in a spray aerosol apparatus. The leaf containing the larvae was sprayed for 3 seconds or until the leaf was thoroughly coated. The treated leaf and larvae were placed in a ventilated petri dish. Each treatment was replicated 10 times. Mortality was assessed at 24 hour intervals. Larvae were counted as “dead” when there was no movement in the larvae when probed.
Root Weevil Control on Red Raspberry, 1996A
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J.D. , Murray T.A.
Published: December 2017

Four insecticides were evaluated for control of preovipositional adult BVW in two fields of mature ‘Willamette’ red raspberries in Lynden, WA. Treatments were replicated 4 times on 9 X 30 ft plots arranged in a RCB design. Sprays were applied on 11 Jun along the lower 3 feet of canes with a 2-ft hand-held boom sprayer (100 psi) equipped with 3 hollow cone D4-45 TeeJet nozzles which delivered 100 gpa at 2 mph. Field counts were made on 18 and 25 Jun beginning at 10PM by placing 25-ft long X 4-ft wide strips of white linen sheet under each side of the row and simultaneously shaking the top training wire vigorously 10 times at 2 locations, one-quarter of the way in from each end of both sheets.