bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High MCM3 expression is an independent biomarker of poor prognosis and correlates with reduced RBM3 expression in a prospective cohort of malignant melanoma
Authors: Nodin Björn , Fridberg Marie , Jonsson Liv , Bergman Julia , Uhlén Mathias , Jirström Karin
Published: July 2012

Background

Malignant melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer with a variable clinical course even in patients with thin melanomas and localized disease. Despite increasing insights into melanoma biology, no prognostic biomarkers have yet been incorporated into clinical protocols. Reduced expression of the RNA binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) has been shown to correlate with tumour progression and poor prognosis in melanoma and several other cancer forms. In ovarian cancer, an inverse association was found between expression of RBM3 and the minichromosome maintenance 3 (MCM3) gene and protein. In melanoma, gene expression analysis and immunohistochemical validation has uncovered MCM3 as a putative prognostic biomarker. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of MCM3 expression with clinical outcome and RBM3 expression in a prospective, population-based cohort of melanoma.

Methods

Immunohistochemical MCM3 expression was examined in 224 incident cases of primary melanoma from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, previously analysed for RBM3 expression. Spearman´s Rho and Chi-Square tests were used to explore correlations between MCM3 expression, clinicopathological factors, and expression of RBM3 and Ki67. Kaplan Meier analysis, the log rank test, and univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modelling were used to assess the impact of MCM3 expression on disease-free survival (DFS) and melanoma-specific survival (MSS).

Results

High MCM3 expression was significantly associated with unfavourable clinicopathological features and high Ki67 expression. A significant inverse correlation was seen between expression of MCM3 and RBM3 (p = 0.025). High MCM3 expression was associated with a reduced DFS (HR = 5.62) and MSS (HR = 6.03), and these associations remained significant in multivariable analysis, adjusted for all other factors (HR = 5.01 for DFS and HR = 4.96 for MSS). RBM3 expression remained an independent prognostic factor for MSS but not DFS in the multivariable model.

Conclusions

These findings provide validation of the utility of MCM3 expression as an independent biomarker for prognostication of patients with primary melanoma. Moreover, the inverse association and prognostic impact of MCM3 and RBM3 expression indicate a possible interaction of these proteins in melanoma progression, the functional basis for which merits further study.

Virtual Slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1814908129755401
Temperature regulation in horses during exercise and recovery in a cool environment
Authors: Wallsten Hanna , Olsson Kerstin , Dahlborn Kristina
Published: July 2012

Background

Clipping the winter coat in horses is done to improve heat dissipation during exercise and make grooming easier. It is often combined with blanketing to keep the horse warm. The aims of the present study were to investigate how clipping and the use of blankets affect thermoregulation during exercise and recovery in horses.

Methods

One Gotland pony, one New Forest pony, and one warm-blooded horse exercised one after the other on a 6450 m long track. The horses walked, trotted and cantered according to a predetermined scheme, which took about 50 minutes including three stops. The scheme was repeated on five consecutive days when horses were: 1) unclipped 2) unclipped + blanket during recovery, 3) left or right side clipped, 4) clipped, and 5) clipped + riding blanket + blanket during recovery. Heart rate (HR) was measured with telemetry, respiratory rate (RR) by counting flank contractions, skin temperatures by thermistor probes, and rectal temperature with a digital thermometer. Skin wetness (SW) was estimated by ocular inspection (dripping = 5, dry = 0).

Results

Mean outdoor temperature varied from -1.1 to - 8.7°C. HR increased progressively during exercise with no difference between treatments. Maximum RR was 77 ± 30 breaths/min (unclipped) and 49 ± 27 breaths/min (clipped). The lowest skin temperature was 17.5 ± 2.7°C in a hind leg during exercise, which increased to 34.5 ± 0.1°C during recovery. Rectal temperature was elevated during recovery in unclipped, but not in clipped horses and skin temperature at base of tail was elevated during recovery except in unclipped horses without blanket. Moisture after exercise scored 3.2 ± 0.8 in unclipped and zero in clipped horses.

Discussion and conclusion

Leg skin temperature initially dropped at onset of exercise in clipped horses, and then increased after about 30 minutes due to internal heat from the working muscles. These changes were not significant when clipped horses had riding blankets, whereas unclipped horses became overheated as judged from respiratory rate and elevated rectal temperature. Providing clipped horses with blankets dampened the changes in leg skin temperature during exercise.
Patterns of Survival Among Patients With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Diagnosed in Sweden From 1973 to 2008: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Hultcrantz Malin , Kristinsson Sigurdur Yngvi , Andersson Therese M.-L. , Landgren Ola , Eloranta Sandra , Derolf Åsa Rangert , Dickman Paul W. , Björkholm Magnus
Published: July 2012

Purpose

Reported survival in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) shows great variation. Patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) have substantially reduced life expectancy, whereas patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) have moderately reduced survival in most, but not all, studies. We conducted a large population-based study to establish patterns of survival in more than 9,000 patients with MPNs.

Patients and Methods

We identified 9,384 patients with MPNs (from the Swedish Cancer Register) diagnosed from 1973 to 2008 (divided into four calendar periods) with follow-up to 2009. Relative survival ratios (RSRs) and excess mortality rate ratios were computed as measures of survival.

Results

Patient survival was considerably lower in all MPN subtypes compared with expected survival in the general population, reflected in 10-year RSRs of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.67) in patients with PV, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.71) in those with ET, and 0.21 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.25) in those with PMF. Excess mortality was observed in patients with any MPN subtype during all four calendar periods (P < .001). Survival improved significantly over time (P < .001); however, the improvement was less pronounced after the year 2000 and was confined to patients with PV and ET.

Conclusion

We found patients with any MPN subtype to have significantly reduced life expectancy compared with the general population. The improvement over time is most likely explained by better overall clinical management of patients with MPN. The decreased life expectancy even in the most recent calendar period emphasizes the need for new treatment options for these patients.
Endocrine and Clinical Correlates of Myostatin Serum Concentration in Men—the STRAMBO Study
Authors: Szulc Pawel , Schoppet Michael , Goettsch Claudia , Rauner Martina , Dschietzig Thomas , Chapurlat Roland , Hofbauer Lorenz C.
Published: July 2012

Context:

Myostatin is expressed mainly in skeletal muscle cells and acts as an inhibitor of muscle growth and differentiation. However, data on the determinants of serum myostatin concentrations in humans are limited.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to assess the correlates of serum myostatin concentrations in men.

Design:

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the STRAMBO cohort.

Setting:

Men holding private health insurance coverage with Mutuelle de Travailleurs de la Région Lyonnaise were included in the study.

Participants:

A total of 1121 male volunteers aged 20–87 yr participated in the study.

Interventions:

Nonfasting blood samples were collected.

Main Outcome Measures:

We measured the association of the investigated variables with circulating myostatin levels.

Results:

Serum myostatin levels increased slightly with age until 57 yr and then decreased. Circulating myostatin levels showed circannual variation, with the highest concentration in spring. In men older than 57 yr, serum myostatin levels decreased across increasing quartiles of body mass index and of total central and peripheral fat mass (P < 0.05 to < 0.001). Serum myostatin levels were positively correlated with serum levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD), even after adjustment for season. Average myostatin levels were 0.47 sd higher in men with 25OHD above 40 ng/ml, compared with those with 25OHD below 20 ng/ml (P < 0.05). Current smokers had lower myostatin concentration. Neither current physical activity nor serum levels of PTH, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol were associated with myostatin concentrations.

Conclusions:

In men, circulating myostatin levels show seasonal changes and are associated with age, body mass index, fat mass, smoking, and 25OHD levels.
North to Alaska and Other Bad Trips in T. C. Boyle's Drop City
Authors: Kollin Susan
Published: July 2012

Set in 1970, T. C. Boyle's Drop City (2003) follows a group of commune dwellers who abandon the Golden State in search of a new Eden in the “last frontier.” For Boyle's characters, California is no longer a haven once their commune is condemned as a health hazard and bulldozed by the county inspector after a nasty problem emerges concerning human waste management. Alaska thus becomes a refuge for the characters, who occupy themselves by making love and getting high while trying to live off the land with the little knowledge they have. In chronicling the contradictions of the modern ecology movement, Boyle is not interested in contributing to a neoconservative backlash against the counterculture; his critique instead involves recognizing how race, gender, and class privilege operate as important factors in environmentalism and how authoritarian structures often shape understandings of nature, problems that continue to plague environmentalism today. While the characters often make poor choices and find themselves in challenging circumstances, the novel ends on a cautiously optimistic note. The possibility of achieving a satisfying life in the Far North, however, comes only after the characters have reevaluated their social hierarchies and divested themselves of Edenic notions of Alaska.
The long-term outcome of HIV-infected patients after intensive care admission
Authors: Foo H , Clezy K , Post J J
Published: July 2012

Long-term outcomes of HIV-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) since the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have not been well described. We reviewed the long-term outcomes and clinical follow-up of HIV-infected patients admitted to the Prince of Wales Hospital ICU between 1999 and 2005 by a retrospective medical record review. Mortality was assessed in the ICU, in hospital and in the long-term. Twenty-four HIV-infected male patients underwent 26 ICU admissions. Their ICU and in-hospital mortalities were 33% and 46%, respectively. Higher APACHE (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) II scores (median 27 versus 12, P < 0.001), lower CD4 cell counts (median 45 versus 335 cells/μL, P = 0.041) and longer hospitalization times prior to ICU admission (median 4 versus 1 day, P = 0.02) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. We found 85% of the subjects who survived hospital admission were still alive at a median of 41 months (4 months to 5 years) of follow-up, all of who were functionally independent. HIV-infected patients who survived ICU admission at our institution had good long-term outcomes in the cART era.
Acute ventricular fibrillation during primary HIV infection
Authors: Schneider S , Müller-Chorus A , Pennekamp W
Published: July 2012

Primary HIV infection normally shows an asymptomatic presentation or symptoms resembling infectious mononucleosis. However, severe unusual presentations have been reported. We report a case of acute ventricular fibrillation during primary HIV infection. Moreover, the rapid development of symptoms, the profound pancytopaenia and the marked elevation of liver enzymes make this case rather unique. Therefore, acute ventricular fibrillation should be added to the list of complications of primary HIV infection.
The spread of Mycoplasma genitalium among men who have sex with men
Authors: Edlund M , Blaxhult A , Bratt G
Published: July 2012

We report two instances of urethral–to–rectal transmission of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) in men who have sex with men (MSM) couples. Such clear epidemiological correlation has to our knowledge not been published before. The urethral infections led to clinical symptoms, but the rectal infections did not. The rectum might serve as a reservoir for MG in MSM, but there is also some evidence from the literature that MG can cause proctitis. Our finding raises important questions about the role of MG as a pathogen among MSM. Any correlation with HIV transmission risk is currently unknown and needs further research.
Computer-based interventions for sexual health promotion: systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Bailey J V , Murray E , Rait G , Mercer C H , Morris R W , Peacock R , Cassell J , Nazareth I
Published: July 2012

This systematic review was conducted to determine the effects of self-help interactive computer-based interventions (ICBIs) for sexual health promotion. We searched 40 databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of computer-based interventions, defining ‘interactive’ as programmes that require contributions from users to produce personally relevant material. We conducted searches and analysed data using Cochrane Collaboration methods. Results of RCTs were pooled using a random-effects model with standardized mean differences for continuous outcomes and odds ratios (ORs) for binary outcomes, with heterogeneity assessed using the I2 statistic. We identified 15 RCTs of ICBIs (3917 participants). Comparing ICBIs to minimal interventions, there were significant effects on sexual health knowledge (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27–1.18); safer sex self-efficacy (SMD 0.17, 95% CI 0.05–0.29); safer-sex intentions (SMD 0.16, 95% CI 0.02–0.30); and sexual behaviour (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.18–2.59). ICBIs had a greater impact on sexual health knowledge than face-to-face interventions did (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.13–0.58). ICBIs are effective tools for learning about sexual health, and show promising effects on self-efficacy, intention and sexual behaviour. More data are needed to analyse biological outcomes and cost-effectiveness.
Gender inequities in sexual risks among youth with HIV in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Test F S , Mehta S D , Handler A , Mutimura E , Bamukunde A M , Cohen M
Published: July 2012

Understanding the experiences of youth living with HIV (YLH) is necessary for implementing interventions that mitigate HIV transmission. We conducted a survey of sexual behaviours and sources of knowledge among 107 youths aged 16–24 attending two HIV clinics in Kigali, Rwanda. Respondents were 72% women and 28% men, with median age 18 years. Of those sexually active in the past six months, 56% reported inconsistent condom use; 53% of sexually active respondents reported having sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms in the past six months. The median age difference between respondent and first sex partner was nine years for women, and 0.5 years for men ( P = 0.006). Women more frequently reported being forced to have sex (29% girls versus 6.5% boys, P = 0.011) and exchanging sex for money (66% girls versus. 17% boys, P = 0.033). Strengthening female YLH's financial and material resources may reduce the number of sexual partners, asymmetries within partnerships and risk of HIV transmission.
Patients’ perceptions of error in long-term illness care: Qualitative study
Authors: Burgess Caroline , Cowie Luke , Gulliford Martin
Published: July 2012

Objectives:

To explore patients’ perceptions of events that may represent errors in long-term illness care and evaluate potential associations with dimensions of quality in health care.

Methods:

Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with 33 patients with long-term conditions.

Results:

Patients’ accounts revealed experiences of errors arising from health care. Errors of access included difficulties of gate-keeping leading to problems in gaining access to primary care consultations, diagnostic tests and specialist care. Potential harms included delayed diagnosis or delayed delivery of specialist care. Errors of interpersonal care included patients’ perceptions of not being taken seriously, including perceived failure by professionals to respond adequately to reports of adverse drug reactions or accounts of painful symptoms. Potentialharms included continuing medication-related symptoms, negative emotionalreactions and breakdown in communication between patients and professionals. Errors were noted at transitions between primary and secondary care including failures of information transfer and communication.

Conclusions:

Problems of gaining access to care and problems at transitions between levels of care may sometimes constitute errors, but they may also give rise to circumstances in which errors occur. Interpersonal and communication problems may also be associated with errors. There appears to be a close relationship between broader concepts of quality of care and the concept of patient safety.
Education for Sustainability and the Australian Curriculum
Authors: Kennelly Julie , Taylor Neil , Serow Pep
Published: July 2012

A national curriculum is presently being developed in Australia with implementation due during 2014. Associated standards for the accreditation of teachers and for teacher education providers have been prepared with the standards describing skills and attributes that teachers are expected to attain. The developing Australian Curriculum, along with the teacher accreditation and initial teacher education program standards, claim to support guiding statements that describe aspirations for all young Australians. Those guiding statements acknowledge that ‘sustainability’ is an essential element of education for young people in Australia. However ‘sustainability’ is unconvincingly represented in the curriculum and is not visible in the standards. This could potentially result in its omission from teacher education and qualification at all levels. A similar situation already exists in New South Wales (NSW). This article illustrates the positioning of five freshly graduated primary teachers within the context of their five NSW schools and from this distils implications for teaching ‘sustainability’ within the developing national proposals.
Environmental Education and Small Business Environmental Activity
Authors: Redmond Janice , Walker Beth
Published: July 2012

Environmental education is seen as a key driver of small business environmental management, yet little is known about the activities small business owner-managers are undertaking to reduce their environmental impact or in what areas they may need education. Therefore, research that can identify environmental management activities being undertaken in small businesses may provide potential targets for education. As intention to behave in a particular way is often predicated on some sort of planning, extending the research questions to ascertain if planning is occurring and its impact on environmental behaviour in small businesses is also seen as critical. The results revealed that, overall, the level of environmental activity in small business was low and that less than a quarter had an environmental plan. In addition, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and purchasing green energy are not areas of engagement for most small businesses and are recommended as potential targets for education.
Learning Theories & Their Application to Science Instruction for Adults
Authors: Bass Christa
Published: July 2012

It has become apparent through the work of many researchers and practitioners that adults learn differently than their younger counterparts in the educational system. This is especially important to those educators teaching in colleges and universities in the sciences. Biology education in the post-secondary setting is inundated with teachers who know biology backward and forward but lack the skills to effectively teach that knowledge to others. By applying the theories of andragogy, transformational learning, and experiential learning, and by integrating practices of self-directed learning and critical reflection, we can improve the effectiveness of biology education in American colleges and universities.
Red Onions, Elodea, or Decalcified Chicken Eggs? Selecting & Sequencing Representations for Teaching Diffusion & Osmosis
Authors: Lankford Deanna , Friedrichsen Patricia
Published: July 2012

Diffusion and osmosis are important biological concepts that students often struggle to understand. These are important concepts because they are the basis for many complex biological processes, such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration. We examine a wide variety of representations used by experienced teachers to teach diffusion and osmosis. To help teachers select appropriate representations for their students, we briefly describe each representation and discuss its pros and cons. After teachers select representations, we offer recommendations for sequencing them. We recommend beginning with macroscopic-level representations that easily allow students to visualize the phenomenon, then moving to microscopic-level representations (cell-level), and finally exploring the phenomenon at the molecular level using virtual representations.
Moderate alcohol consumption may protect against overt autoimmune hypothyroidism: a population-based case–control study
Authors: Carlé Allan , Pedersen Inge Bülow , Knudsen Nils , Perrild Hans , Ovesen Lars , Rasmussen Lone Banke , Jørgensen Torben , Laurberg Peter
Published: July 2012

Objective

Alcohol consumption is an important protective risk factor for many autoimmune diseases. We wished to study the association between alcohol consumption and autoimmune hypothyroidism.

Design

Population-based, case–control study, 1997–2001, Denmark.

Methods

Patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune overt hypothyroidism (n=140) were prospectively identified in a population (2 027 208 person-years of observation), and their matched controls with normal thyroid function (n=560) were recruited simultaneously from the same population. Participants gave information on alcohol intake, smoking, previous diseases, education, and family history of hypothyroidism. The association between alcohol intake and development of hypothyroidism was analyzed in conditional regression models.

Results

Hypothyroid cases had reported a lower alcohol consumption than controls (median units of alcohol (12 g) per week: 3 vs 5,P=0.002). In a multivariate regression model, alcohol consumption was associated with a reduction in risk for development of overt autoimmune hypothyroidism. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) compared with the reference group with a recent (last year) consumption of 1–10 units of alcohol per week were as follows: 0 units/week, 1.98 (1.21–3.33); 11–20 units/week, 0.41 (0.20–0.83); and ≥21 units/week, 0.90 (0.41–2.00). Similar results were found for maximum previous alcohol consumption during a calendar year. No interaction was found with type of alcohol consumed (wine vs beer), sex, or region of inhabitancy.

Conclusions

Alcohol consumption seems to confer considerable protection against development of overt autoimmune hypothyroidism irrespective of sex and type of alcohol consumed.
Management of Plastic Bronchitis With Topical Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Gibb Elizabeth , Blount Robert , Lewis Nancy , Nielson Dennis , Church Gwynne , Jones Kirk , Ly Ngoc
Published: July 2012

Plastic bronchitis or cast bronchitis is a rare disease of unclear etiology characterized by formation of airway casts that can lead to life-threatening airway obstruction. There is currently limited data regarding optimal treatment of plastic bronchitis. Several therapies have been suggested, but recurrences are common and mortality remains high. We report the case of a 6-year-old boy with refractory eosinophilic bronchial casts, unresponsive to low-dose systemic corticosteroids, inhaled corticosteroids, azithromycin, and dornase alfa, who was treated successfully and safely with direct instillation of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) to the obstructing casts during flexible bronchoscopy and inhaled tPA. Our case illustrates that the current therapy for plastic bronchitis remains inadequate. To our knowledge, this case is the first to show that direct instillation of tPA can be used safely for treatment of this disease. The use of tPA via direct administration into the airways during bronchoscopy and via a nebulizer appeared to be a safe and effective therapy for plastic bronchitis and should be considered early in the course of the disease to prevent complications of severe airway obstruction.
Hypoxic and Hypercapnic Events in Young Infants During Bed-sharing
Authors: Baddock Sally A. , Galland Barbara C. , Bolton David P.G. , Williams Sheila M. , Taylor Barry J.
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVES:

To identify desaturation events (arterial oxygen saturation [Sao2] <90%) and rebreathing events (inspired carbon dioxide (CO2) >3%), in bed-sharing (BS) versus cot-sleeping (CS) infants.

METHODS:

Forty healthy, term infants, aged 0 to 6 months who regularly bed-shared with at least 1 parent >5 hours per night and 40 age-matched CS infants were recruited. Overnight parent and infant behavior (via infrared video), Sao2, inspired CO2 around the infant’s face, and body temperature were recorded during sleep at home.

RESULTS:

Desaturation events were more common in BS infants (risk ratio = 2.17 [95% confidence interval: 1.75 to 2.69]), associated partly with the warmer microenvironment during BS. More than 70% of desaturations in both groups were preceded by central apnea of 5 to 10 seconds with no accompanying bradycardia, usually in active sleep. Apnea >15 seconds was rare (BS infants: 3 events; CS infants: 6 events), as was desaturation <80% (BS infants: 3 events; CS infants: 4 events). Eighty episodes of rebreathing were identified from 22 BS infants and 1 CS infant, almost all preceded by head covering. During rebreathing, Sao2 was maintained at the baseline of 97.6%.

CONCLUSIONS:

BS infants experienced more oxygen desaturations preceded by central apnea, partly related to the warmer microenvironment. Rebreathing occurred mainly during bed-sharing. Infants were at low risk of sudden infant death syndrome and maintained normal oxygenation. The effect of repeated exposure to oxygen desaturation in vulnerable infants is unknown as is the ability of vulnerable infants to respond effectively to rebreathing caused by head covering.
Long-term Clinical Outcome After Lyme Neuroborreliosis in Childhood
Authors: Skogman Barbro H. , Glimåker Kajsa , Nordwall Maria , Vrethem Magnus , Ödkvist Lars , Forsberg Pia
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVES:

To determine long-term clinical outcome in children with confirmed Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) and to evaluate persistent subjective symptoms compared with a control group.

METHODS:

After a median of 5 years, 84 children with confirmed LNB underwent a neurologic re-examination, including a questionnaire. Medical records were analyzed, and a control group (n = 84) was included.

RESULTS:

The total recovery rate was 73% (n = 61). Objective neurologic findings, defined as “definite sequelae,” were found in 16 patients (19%). The majority of these children had persistent facial nerve palsy (n = 11), but other motor or sensory deficits occurred (n = 5). Neurologic signs and/or symptoms defined as “possible sequelae” were found in another 7 patients (8%), mainly of sensory character. Nonspecific subjective symptoms were reported by 35 patients (42%) and 32 controls (38%) (nonsignificant). Affected daily activities or school performance were reported to the same extent in both groups (23% vs 20%, nonsignificant).

CONCLUSIONS:

The long-term clinical recovery rate was 73% in children with confirmed LNB. Persistent facial nerve palsy occurred in 13%, whereas other motor or sensory deficits were found in another 14%. Neurologic deficits did not affect daily activities or school performance more often among patients than controls and should be considered as mild. Furthermore, nonspecific subjective symptoms such as headache, fatigue, or memory or concentration problems were reported as often among patients as controls and should not be considered as sequelae after LNB.
Blue River Declaration
Authors: Van Wieren Gretel , Taylor Bron
Published: July 2012

In October 2011, a group of environmental thinkers—ecologists, philosophers, foresters, poets and novelists, religious and environmental studies specialists, and indigenous traditions experts—met with the audacious goal to write collaboratively a new ethic. The result was a statement of conscience that drew on the collective wisdom of the assembled group about the human place in and responsibilities to the biosphere and its diverse and interconnected living systems. The ethic was named the Blue River Declaration for the river in Oregon’s Cascade Mountain Range where it was crafted.
The Blue River Declaration
Authors: Moore Kathleen Dean
Published: July 2012

Aldo Leopold found it in the green re shining in the eyes of a dying wolf. Thomas Berry found it in a meadow of white lilies. Rachel Carson found it in the darkness at the edge of pounding surf. Last fall, a gathering of twenty-four thinkers sought it in the green shadows of giant cedars that grow along Oregon’s Blue River. What they were looking for was the moral meaning that follows from the interconnectedness of life.
Association Between Periodontitis and Salivary Nitric Oxide Metabolites Among Community Elderly Koreans
Authors: Han Dong‐Hun , Kim Mi‐Sun , Shin Hye‐Sun , Park Kyung Pyo , Kim Hyun‐Duck
Published: July 2012

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is known to play an important role in many biologic systems, although the relationship between NO metabolites and periodontitis remains controversial. Moreover, little evidence of an association between salivary NO (S‐NO) and periodontitis in the general population has been reported. This study aims to investigate the relationship between S‐NO and periodontitis in an elderly Korean population.

Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted using participants and salivary samples from Sunchang Elderly Cohort Study. The total number of final participants was 242 (91 males and 151 females; 48 to 93 years old). Periodontitis was determined by a clinical attachment loss of >6 mm at six probe points on 12 index teeth. NO was measured in unstimulated saliva via the Griess reaction. Sociodemographic status, general/oral health, and health‐related behaviors were investigated as confounders. Bivariate analysis and multivariable linear regression analyses including confounders were applied.

Results: After controlling for age, sex, education, salivary flow rate, number of teeth, smoking status, physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes, three metabolites of S‐NO (total NO, nitrite, and nitrate) were independently associated with the percentage of probe points exhibiting periodontitis. Of these linear associations, total NO was found to have the strongest correlation with periodontitis (partial r = 0.181, P = 0.009). These associations were most pronounced in females (except for nitrate), non‐smokers, those without hypertension, and those without diabetes.

Conclusions: Our data suggest that high concentrations of S‐NO are associated with severe periodontitis. Thus, S‐NO may serve as a potential biologic marker for detecting and monitoring periodontitis.
Doxycycline Counteracts Bone Morphogenic Protein 2–Induced Osteogenic Mediators
Authors: Muthukuru Manoj , Sun Jeffrey
Published: July 2012

Background: Microbial colonization during wound healing may exaggerate the inflammatory response and could adversely affect the outcome of periodontal regeneration. Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) directly augment bone regeneration. Interestingly, inhibitors of tissue collagenases, such as sub‐antimicrobial–dose doxycycline, also indirectly promote hard‐tissue regeneration. In this study, it is hypothesized that BMP2‐mediated bone regeneration would be positively affected by simultaneous treatment of sub‐antimicrobial–dose doxycycline.

Methods: Human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were stimulated with: 1) 10 ng/mL BMP2; 2) 1 μg/mL doxycycline; or 3) a combination of the two. The expressions of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteonectin, and osteopontin were analyzed along with in vitro mineralized nodule formation and calcium accumulation.

Results: BMP2 was a potent inducer of osteocalcin/osteopontin (statistically significant at P <0.01) and osteonectin in PDL cells relative to stimulation with doxycycline. However, doxycycline relative to BMP2 (statistically significant at P <0.001) upregulated the expression of alkaline phosphatase and in vitro mineralized nodule formation. Contrary to expected results, combined BMP2 and doxycycline induced a statistically significant (P <0.001) downregulation of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteonectin/osteopontin, and in vitro mineralized nodule formation compared to stimulation with either BMP2 or doxycycline alone.

Conclusions: Combined treatment of BMP2 and doxycycline in PDL cells counteracts the osteogenic mediators. Molecular interaction of growth factors should be explored before using a combination of these biologic molecules. It is important and clinically relevant to determine whether tetracycline and its other derivatives also counteract BMP functions. Animal models should be used to confirm these in vitro results.
Advances in Hybrid Computational Intelligence Application in Oil and Gas Reservoir Characterization
Authors: Anifowose Fatai Adesina
Published: July 2012

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have been successfully applied in the characterization of oil and gas reservoirs especially in the prediction of porosity, permeability, water saturation, dew point pressure, PVT properties and lithofacies. As good as each technique might be, it has its limitations in terms of ability to handle uncertainties, ability to learn and certain data size requirements. The performance of each technique is also limited by the nature and complexity of the problems to be solved.

The concept of combining two or more AI techniques to reduce the impact of their respective limitations and to enhance their performance is becoming increasingly popular. This hybridization effort attempts to complement the weaknesses of one technique with the strength of another.

In this paper, the basic requirements for hybridization are presented and a number of successful hybrid techniques are also reviewed. The architecture of some of the popular hybrid techniques such as Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, Functional Networks-Type-2 Fuzzy and Functional Networks-Support Vector Machines are concisely discussed.

This is meant to be a guide for those who might want to dig deeper into this increasingly-popular concept of hybrid computational intelligence for the possible realization of the future AI-assisted reservoir simulation for better exploration, production and exploitation.
Di-lepton production in heavy-ion collisions and the QCD phase diagram
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Xu Haojie , Zha Wangmei , Wang Qun
Published: July 2012

We reproduce di-electron spectra in the region of 0 < m
e+e < 4 GeV in both minimum bias and central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment. A cocktail simulation, incorporating STAR acceptance and detector responses, is able to describe the “enhancement” of the low mass region by including an in-medium modification of vector mesons and a thermal di-lepton calculation. We also predict the di-lepton mass spectra in RHIC lower energies via an extrapolation method. The evolution of Di-lepton mass spectra, effective temperature, and possible medium modifications versus colliding energies are studied to explore the QCD phase diagram.
Equation of state at non-zero baryon density based on lattice QCD
Authors: Huovinen Pasi , Petreczky Péter , Schmidt Christian
Published: July 2012

We employ the lattice QCD data on Taylor expansion coefficients to extend our previous parametrization of the equation of state to finite baryon density. When we take into account lattice spacing and quark mass dependence of the hadron masses, the Taylor coefficients at low temperature are equal to those of hadron resonance gas. Parametrized lattice equation of state can thus be smoothly connected to the hadron resonance gas equation of state at low temperatures.
Topological systems and Artin glueing
Authors: Solovyov Sergey
Published: July 2012

Using methods of categorical fuzzy topology, the paper shows a relation between topological systems of S. Vickers and Artin glueing of M. Artin. Inspired by the problem of interrelations between algebra and topology, we show the necessary and sufficient conditions for the category, obtained by Artin glueing along an adjoint functor, to be (co)algebraic and (co)monadic, incorporating the respective result of G. Wraith. As a result, we confirm the algebraic nature of the category of topological systems, showing that it is monadic.
Equivalence of difference equations within the web theory
Authors: Tryhuk Václav , Chrastinová Veronika
Published: July 2012

Elementary version of moving frame method is applied to the symmetries and equivalences of second-order difference equations. Close links to the web theory and Riemannian geometry are established.
Effects of Non-Fertilised Grassland Management Intensity on Herbage Quality and Quantity
Authors: Kováčiková Zuzana , Vargová Vladimíra , Michalec Milan
Published: July 2012

Effects of Non-Fertilised Grassland Management Intensity on Herbage Quality and Quantity

Over 2006-2009, an optimum cutting frequency was investigated at non-fertilised grassland. The research was carried out at the Suchý vrch site (near Banská Bystrica), altitude 460 m. The research sward was utilised by cutting with different intensity: high (4 cuts), medium (3 cuts), low (2 cuts) and by 1 cut under extensive exploitation. Herbage yield, organic and mineral substances and nutritive value were determined. The intensity of sward exploitation influenced the dry matter (DM) production which was higher when utilised by two cuts than by four and three cuts, respectively. The research parameters showed the best DM quality at the highest cutting frequency (the high and the medium intensity). Crude protein (CP) content increased at higher cutting frequency, but dropped at extensive utilisation. The content of fibre was higher at less intensive cutting. The highest content of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) was found under more intensive cutting. Towards the end of growing season, calcium (Ca) content was rising while that of K was decreasing. The sodium (Na) content was low at all the research treatments.
Effect of Stubble Heights and Treatment Duration Time on the Performance of Water Dropwort Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWS)
Authors: Xin Zai-jun , Li Xiu-zhen , Nielsen Søren , Yan Zhong-zheng , Zhou Yuan-qing , Jia Yue , Tang Ying-ying , Guo Wen-yong , Sun Yong-guang
Published: July 2012

Effect of Stubble Heights and Treatment Duration Time on the Performance of Water Dropwort Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWS)

Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) with Water Dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) were established in winter to investigate their potential role in the purification of eutrophicated water, and to identify the effects of different stubble heights of the Water Dropwort on the performance of the FTWs. The results of the experiments demonstrated: The Water Dropwort FTWs were effective in buffering the pH of the experimental water. The Water Dropwort FTWs were efficient in purifying eutrophicated water, with removal rate for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+ - N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3- - N) at 91.3, 58.0, 94.6, and 95.5% in the 15-day experiment, respectively. No significant difference in the purification effect was found among different stubble heights of Water Dropwort FTWs. Significant differences between the zero control and the FTWs were found for the removal of TP in the first 11 days; and for the removal of NH4+ - N in the first 4 days. No significant difference was found between the zero control and the FTWs for NO3- - N in the first 4 days, but significant difference was detected after day 4. The optimum treatment duration time for the FTWs with Water Dropwort will depend on the nutrients to be removed. These results will provide basis for further application of the FTWs at large scale, as well as for future studies on the mechanism of nutrient removal process.
Phytoextraction of Nickel by Selected Ornamental Plants
Authors: Bosiacki Maciej , Wojciechowska Ewelina
Published: July 2012

Phytoextraction of Nickel by Selected Ornamental Plants

In the pot experiment the effect of increasing doses of Ni (the control, 25, 50, 75, 150, 300 mg · dm-3substrate) on the content of this metal in individual organs of aboveground parts was investigated in three selected species of ornamental plants: Aztec marigold (Tagetes erectaL.), sunflower (Helianthus annusL.) and love-lies-bleeding (Amaranthus caudatusL.). A significant effect of increasing Ni doses on the content of this metal was found in individual organs of selected species. InTagetes erectaL. andAmaranthus caudatusL. the highest amounts of nickel were accumulated in leaves, while in sunflower growing in the substrate, to which nickel was introduced at 25, 50, 75 and 150 mg·dm-3, the highest amounts of this metal were accumulated in inflorescences. Among the analyzed species of ornamental plants growing in the substrate with no addition of this metal and in the substrate with an addition of 25 and 50 mg Ni · dm-3the highest nickel uptake was observed inTagetes erectaL. plants. For the substrate with an addition of 75, 150 and 300 mg Ni · dm-3the biggest nickel accumulation was recorded inAmaranthus caudatusL.
Magnetic Susceptibility and Heavy Metal Content in Dust From the Lime Plant and the Cement Plant in Opole Voivodeship
Authors: Gołuchowska Beata , Strzyszcz Zygmunt , Kusza Grzegorz
Published: July 2012

Magnetic Susceptibility and Heavy Metal Content in Dust From the Lime Plant and the Cement Plant in Opole Voivodeship

Until now, dust arising from lime manufacture has been considered harmless to the environment so it has been investigated marginally from the standpoint of environmental protection, especially when it came to magnetic properties and heavy metal content. The aim of the research was filling the gap in this area. The research comprised measurements of magnetic susceptibility, the content of heavy metals, reaction (pH) and specific conductivity of lime dust and also raw material and fuel used for lime production. The samples were taken from one of the lime plants located in Opole Province. Similar investigations were also performed for dust taken from the nearby cement plant using dry method of cement production. It was proven that magnetic susceptibility, heavy metal content and conductivity of lime dust was lower in comparison to cement dust, which resulted from the fact that the lime plant used neither low raw materials nor additives. Due to the high atmosphere dust level in the vicinity of the investigated plants, extremely basic reaction of the tested dust and high content of metals, the studied dust cause alkalization of soils and contribute to the increase of heavy metal content in soils, posing a threat to the environment.
Emotions in Veterinary Surgical Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Langebæk Rikke , Eika Berit , Tanggaard Lene , Jensen Asger Lundorff , Berendt Mette
Published: July 2012

A surgical educational environment is potentially stressful and can negatively affect students' learning. The aim of the present study was to investigate the emotions experienced by veterinary students in relation to their first encounter with live-animal surgery and to identify possible sources of positive and negative emotions, respectively. During a Basic Surgical Skills course, 155 veterinary fourth-year students completed a survey. Of these, 26 students additionally participated in individual semi-structured interviews. The results of the study show that students often experienced a combination of emotions; 63% of students experienced negative emotions, while 58% experienced positive ones. In addition, 61% of students reported feeling excited or tense. Students' statements reveal that anxiety is perceived as counterproductive to learning, while excitement seems to enhance students' focus and engagement. Our study identified the most common sources of positive and negative emotions to be “being able to prepare well” and “lack of self-confidence,” respectively. Our findings suggest that there are factors that we can influence in the surgical learning environment to minimize negative emotions and enhance positive emotions and engagement, thereby improving students' learning.
Molecular Mechanisms of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Toxicity & Side Effects: Ursodeoxycholic Acid Freezes Regeneration & Induces Hibernation Mode
Authors: Kotb Magd A.
Published: July 2012

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a steroid bile acid approved for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). UDCA is reported to have “hepato-protective properties”. Yet, UDCA has “unanticipated” toxicity, pronounced by more than double number of deaths, and eligibility for liver transplantation compared to the control group in 28 mg/kg/day in primary sclerosing cholangitis, necessitating trial halt in North America. UDCA is associated with increase in hepatocellular carcinoma in PBC especially when it fails to achieve biochemical response (10 and 15 years incidence of 9% and 20% respectively). “Unanticipated” UDCA toxicity includes hepatitis, pruritus, cholangitis, ascites, vanishing bile duct syndrome, liver cell failure, death, severe watery diarrhea, pneumonia, dysuria, immune-suppression, mutagenic effects and withdrawal syndrome upon sudden halt. UDCA inhibits DNA repair, co-enzyme A, cyclic AMP, p53, phagocytosis, and inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthatase. It is genotoxic, exerts aneugenic activity, and arrests apoptosis even after cellular phosphatidylserine externalization. UDCA toxicity is related to its interference with drug detoxification, being hydrophilic and anti-apoptotic, has a long half-life, has transcriptional mutational abilities, down-regulates cellular functions, has a very narrow difference between the recommended (13 mg/kg/day) and toxic dose (28 mg/kg/day), and it typically transforms into lithocholic acid that induces DNA strand breakage, it is uniquely co-mutagenic, and promotes cell transformation. UDCA beyond PBC is unjustified.
Paralemnolide A, an Unprecedented Bisnorsesquiterpene from the Taiwanese Soft Coral Paralemnalia thyrsoides
Authors: Wang Shang-Kwei , Lee Yu-Sheng , Duh Chang-Yih
Published: July 2012

Paralemnolide A (1), possessing an unprecedented bisnorsesquiterpene skeleton, was isolated from the soft coral Paralemnalia thyrsoides. The structure of paralemnolide A was elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data. The anti-HCMV (human cytomegalovirus) activity of 1 and its cytotoxicity against selected cell lines were evaluated.