bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lived Experiences on Varied Dimensions of Police Recruits’ Training and Practice Basis for Quality Police Performance
Authors: Magpantay Julieta R. , Yazon Alberto D. , Tan Consorcia S. , Buenvinida Lerma P. , Bandoy Marcial M.
Published: December 2021

Police malpractice, abuse of power, and police misfits are issues and problems associated with police recruits. There were reports about inappropriate acts committed by newly hired police officers during their actual field practice. This qualitative phenomenological studydetermined the dimensions of training that hamper the development of knowledge and skills of the police trainees and police officers.Seventeen (17) purposely selected participants comprised the sample for this study. They were chosen through the following inclusion criteria: police supervisors, trainers, police recruits, staff from the National Police Training Institute (NPTI) and have two or more years ofexperience. Thirteen recurring themes emerged from the verbatim interviews. The Philippine National Police (PNP), National Police Training Institute (NPTI), and the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) are the three public safety institutions in the Philippinesthat are expected to promote the quality performance of police recruits in both training and practice. On the whole, the results of this study can serve as the basis for creating innovative policies about police recruits’ selection, curriculum development, stress management,creation of core competency framework, performance evaluation system, and training and practice needs assessment.
Gender in Literature: Crossing the Lines of Individuals in a Philippine Fiction
Authors: Crisostomo Mildred M. , B. Layug Mark Joseph
Published: December 2021

Under Gender Criticism, the researchers analysed Carlos Bulosan’s My Father Goes to Court to unveil the biases, stereotypes, issues, and tendencies as regard gender through the roles played by the characters in the story. Results show that on the surface, the male characters portrayed their roles based on what the society and culture accorded or dictated to them as authoritative, powerful, and dominant. Similarly, female characters were projected as powerless, weak, affective, and secondary to men. However, consciously or unconsciously, both characters crossed the borders and the lines of each other by performing roles not expected of them. On the one hand, male characters growled down to others, laughed their hearts out, and were protected. Then, on the other hand, female characters exercised power, showed leadership, manifested decision-making skills, and served as protectors. The researchers further revealed that gender is not a role to be played but an activity to be complete to avoid setting limits to any person’s tendencies. A study using the same literary text is recommended to continue its afterlife.
Analysis Community Competence Development in Improving Live through Small and Medium Enterprise Investment in the Pandemic Era in East Timor
Authors: Tilman Julio Lino
Published: December 2021

Community competence development in improving life through investing in small and medium enterprises is one of the beneficial alternatives for groups and individuals for the welfare of the superior local community's wellbeing. The purpose of this study is to determine the basic provisions of the small and medium business investment group in the local area, related to hard and soft competence, which are used as criteria for giving, receiving, and solving problems. The method used in this study used a thematic descriptive qualitative analysis approach; the sampling method was taken by six people representing 28 people, including the core structure for semi-structured interviews. The technique used is a non-probability sample by exploring sources of information using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. From the results, it was found that the educational background was sufficient and still had shortcomings in hard and soft competencies, including creativity and technical skills. So, there are several suggestions, namely (1) to take additional training on creativity and technical skills to increase in-depth understanding, (2) for other studies that are interested in deepening research in that location. In terms of investment development, it can compete in national and international markets. These results also provide input for the investment group to learn hard and soft competencies and specifically creative abilities and technical skills to find learning resources that ensure development is related to investment in the digital era.
Anxiety and Individual Coping Strategies In Undergoing Isolation During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yuliatun Ismiyati , Rahmawati Siti , Lestari Sri
Published: December 2021

Individuals exposed to the Covid-19 virus have consequences for isolation, both self-isolation and isolation in health services. During isolation, individuals may experience anxiety which needs to be managed with appropriate coping strategies. Purpose: to find out how the anxiety experienced by individuals in undergoing isolation and how the coping strategies that individuals have in dealing with the anxiety that arises when undergoing isolation during a pandemic. Methods: qualitative using a phenomenological study. Data collection was carried out by semi-structured interviews and observations on two mothers who underwent isolation. The data obtained were analyzed to find emerging themes. Results: There were 5 main themes related to anxiety and coping strategies used by individuals in undergoing isolation during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely conditions before and during isolation, factors that cause anxiety, symptoms of anxiety, coping and support strategies, effects of coping strategies and lessons learned from experience undergo isolation.
Social Support for Postpartum Mothers with Postpartum Depression: Scoping Review
Authors: Muflikha Ikha , Nuzuliana Rosmita , Lestari Sri
Published: December 2021

Background: In Indonesia, the incidence of postpartum depression accounts for 50% to 70% of postpartum women. Therefore, ladies within the postnatal amount would like a social support from individuals around them to adapts to their new role as mothers. The lower the social support provided, the upper the postnatal depression. Research objective: Collection of articles discussing social support for postpartum mothers with postpartum depression Method: Five stages were wont to conductÂ scopingÂ a review. The 5 stages embrace characteristic analysis queries, characteristic relevant studies, choosing studies, charting knowledge, andÂ an aggregation, summarizing and reportage the results.Result: It was found that 9 selected literature had Grade A and B. 4 themes emerged as a result of the scoping review comprising of husband support, family support, friend support and self-efficacy for mothers experiencing postpartum depression. The literature was obtained from quantitative and qualitative research originating from developed and developing countries. Conclusion: Social support obtained from husband, family, friends, and self-efficacy is very important to reduce the rate of postpartum depression. The research gap was used as a reference in future research. It is hoped that researchers can develop research on the factors correlated to postpartum depression.
Microbiological Analysis On Bone Flour Patin Fish (Pangasius Hypophthalmus Sp.) Biscuit Is Rich In Calcium For Children
Authors: Siagian Dewi Sartika , Sidoretno Wahyu Margi , Kartini Sri
Published: December 2021

Ikan Patin bones are a by-product of the fish processing industry which contains the most calcium from the fish body because the main elements of fish bones are calcium, phosphorus and carbonate. Biscuits are snack that have a water quality standard of less than 5% so that they have a crunchy texture. The purpose of this study was to see microbial contamination in biscuits using the ALT (Total Plate Number) method. The results of microbial contamination meet the specified requirements and are included in the category of safe and normal standards according to SNI 2973:2011.
Implementation of social security chronic disease management program in yogyakarta
Authors: Ruliyandari Rochana , Purwanto Bambang , Subiyanto AA , Suwarto Suwarto
Published: December 2021

Elderly is a global concern since the number of elderly populations is increasing, which also become one of the concerns of the national health insurance (JKN). Health insurance for the elderly has a package of benefits according to physical conditions and degenerative diseases. Since the elderly is susceptible to disease, Indonesia has Healthcare and Social Security Chronic Disease Management Program, National Health Insurance known as Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (BPJS Prolanis) to guarantee the health of elderly. This study aims to obtain an overview of the implementation of BPJS Prolanis in the community which located in Yogyakarta in order to give the feedback for this program. This research using qualitative method, with phenomenological research approach, which conducted in Yogyakarta during 2020. The result showed that most of the elderly, which is 221 (77.5%) elderly already have the health insurance, but only 38.9% who has BPJS Prolanis. Besides, there are more than 50% of the elderly have disease that often complained of. Hence, this study proposed suggestions for BPJS Prolanis, such as giving a continues education for the elderly through public health center. Besides, public health center can hold a promotive and preventive activities for the elderly to increase the awareness of the elderly on having the BPJS Prolanis.
Evaluating the effect of non-Newtonian turbulent blood models within a double-stenosed artery
Authors: Al-Azawy Mohammed Ghalib
Published: December 2021

This article describes the numerical investigation of blood rheology within an artery that includes two narrowing areas via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Elliptic blending Reynolds stress model and two models of viscosity have been used in this investigation utilizing STAR-CCM+ 2021.2.1. The test model includes two elliptical stenosis with a 2mm distance between them, and the area of stenosis is 75%. Results of normalized axial velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and turbulent viscosity ratio (TVR) were evaluated before, through and after the stenosis in order to predict and avoid the real problems that occur from changing the area of the artery. Furthermore, Fractional flow reserve (FFR) was employed to assess the level of risk of stenosis through the artery, which depends on pressure measurements. Corresponding to the author's observation, it was found that the recirculation regions in the area between the stenosis are larger than the area after the stenosis. Moreover, the results of TKE and TVR are almost identical through and downstream of the stenosis, whereas the TKE is slightly higher with the Carreau model than with the Newtonian flow at the upstream and through the first stenosis.
Yugoslav Communists and Belgian Socialists 1950–1956
Authors: Miletić Aleksandar V.
Published: December 2021

This paper covers a somewhat forgotten theme in the Yugoslav foreign policy during the Cold War – the relation between Yugoslav Communists and Belgian Socialists in the early 1950s. The research for this topic was carried out mainly on the basis of unpublished archived resources of Yugoslav provenance, as well as adequate academic, historiographical, and other related publications.
The Új Symposion Journal on Trial in Yugoslavia (1971/72)
Authors: Beširević Katarina
Published: December 2021

Among the censored press and criminal prosecutions led against individuals after the 1968 student demonstrations in socialist Yugoslavia, a Hungarian neo-avantgarde journal published in Novi Sad found its own place. The Új Symposion journal’s two issues were banned at the end of 1971, and a few months later, its two authors and editor were criminally prosecuted. The aim of this article is to explore the occurrence of political trials in Yugoslavia on the example of the Új Symposion case, by looking into the trial documents, as well as the testimonies of three witnesses of this historical event.
Land Property Regime According to the Vidovdan Constitution and the Agrarian Question in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Authors: Milošević Srđan
Published: December 2021

Тhe paper discusses the attitudes of political parties on land property regimes in the context of the agrarian issue, and dynamics of the debate on this matter in the Constitutional Committee and in the Constituent National Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The very notion of “agrarian question” concerns specifically small peasant landholdings in the process of development of capitalism. This question was raised in the context of the debate on socio-economic problems that were invited by, and eventually, introduced into the Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Vidovdan Constitution, 1921) under the pressure of progressive opposition parties and parts of the ruling political organizations.
Inspiring Dissent: Yugoslavia and the Italian Communist Party during 1956
Authors: Živković Bogdan
Published: December 2021

This paper analyzes the relations between the communist parties of Yugoslavia and Italy during 1956, one of the most important years of the history of communism. The dissenting nature of those relations, which were based on the mutual wish to limit the Soviet hegemony within the global communist movement, is in the focus of this analysis. Finally, this paper aims to demonstrate how the roots of the close friendship between the two parties during the sixties and seventies can be traced back to 1956, and how the Yugoslav communists influenced or tried to influence their Italian counterparts.
Polynomial time solution to NP-complete problem Hamiltonian cycle (P=NP Proof)
Authors: KalantarMotamedi Yasaman
Published: December 2021

P vs NP is one of the open and most important mathematics/computer science questions that has not been answered since it was raised in 1971 despite its importance and a quest for a solution since 2000. P vs NP is a class of problems that no polynomial time algorithm exists for any. If any of the problems in the class gets solved in polynomial time, all can be solved as the problems are translatable to each other. One of the famous problems of this kind is Hamiltonian cycle. Here we propose a polynomial time algorithm with rigorous proof that it always finds a solution if there exists one. It is expected that this solution would address all problems in the class and have a major impact in diverse fields including computer science, engineering, biology, and cryptography.
MasSynthaAzzahraSugandi.20421032.JARKOM.UTS
Authors: Sugandi Mas Syntha Azzahra
Published: December 2021

Ujian Tengah Semester Jaringan Komputer
PERAN ZAKAT DALAM PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Rezky Sri
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui peran zakat dalam peningkatan produksi dan konsumsi rumah tangga. Adapun variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah pendapatan, zakat yang diterima, jumlah anggota keluarga dan tingkat pendidikan. Hasil penelitian pendapatan dan zakat yang diterima berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap konsumsi rumah tangga. Sedangkan jumlah anggota keluarga dan tingkat pendidikan tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi rumah tangga.
MasSynthaAzzahraSugandi.20421032.JARKOM.4
Authors: Sugandi Mas Syntha Azzahra
Published: December 2021

Tugas 4 jaringan komputer
Differential expression of kinesin family member 2C in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2021

Women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer can benefit neither from endocrine therapy nor from HER2-targeted therapies (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding kinesin family member 2C, KIF2C, when comparing the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer to normal mammary ductal cells (2). KIF2C was also differentially expressed in bulk tumor in human breast cancer (3). KIF2C mRNA was present at significantly increased quantities in TNBC tumor cells relative to normal mammary ductal cells. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of KIF2C in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal-like type cancer, while within triple negative breast cancer, primary tumor expression of KIF2C was correlated with overall survival in patients with mesenchymal and luminal androgen receptor subtype disease. KIF2C may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of triple negative breast cancers.
Differential expression of pituitary tumor-transforming 1 in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2021

Women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer can benefit neither from endocrine therapy nor from HER2-targeted therapies (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding pituitary tumor-transforming 1, PTTG1, when comparing the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer to normal mammary ductal cells (2). PTTG1 was also differentially expressed in bulk tumor in human breast cancer (3). PTTG1 mRNA was present at significantly increased quantities in TNBC tumor cells relative to normal mammary ductal cells. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of PTTG1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal-like type cancer, while within triple negative breast cancer, primary tumor expression of PTTG1 was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with basal-like 1 and mesenchymal subtype disease. PTTG1 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of triple negative breast cancers.
Metric information and bound Bousso
Authors: Vit Ku
Published: December 2021

Metric information and surface
Grand unified theories revisited
Authors: Hu Wan-Chung
Published: December 2021

更正敝人統一場論公式變成：BxExAxS=gamma*pi*H*c^2這是此公式在運動下校正gamma是洛侖茲因子作泰勒展開 變成：BxExAxS=pi*H*c^2+1/2*pi*H*v^2這是把原我書中重新推導用盎魯霍金效應T=ah'/2piKc=ch'/2piKR代入拉莫公式與史帝分公式恆等式把加速度a與距離R消去最後右邊分母剩下的角度用洛侖茲因子校正另外本來提出電荷造成時間收縮此觀點也要修改 電荷不敵質量因為KQq/2r
Analisis laporan keuangan
Authors: H Yuris Huswatun
Published: December 2021

Pihak-pihak yang memiliki kepentingan terhadap perkembangan suatuperusahaan sangatlah perlu untuk mengetahui kondisi keuangan suatuperusahaan.Laporan keuangan yaitu suatu media informasi yang di gunakanoleh suatu perusahaan untuk melaporkan keadaan dan posisi keuanganperusahaan kepada pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan yaitu pihak internal daneksternal perusahaan yang bermanfaat bagi pihak tersebut dalampengambilan keputusan secara ekonomi.
Salsabilla Mahmudah (19016122) Esai Metlit Bahasa Inggris
Authors: Mahmudah Salsabilla
Published: December 2021

Esai Metode Penelitian Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Awal Nurul
Published: December 2021

Tujuan laporan keuangan adalah untuk memberikan sebuah gambaran dan penjelasan informasi mengenai posisi keuangan dan kinerja perusahaan yang dapat dijadikan pedoman dalam mengambil keputusan bisnis. Analisis data laporan keuangan dilakukan dengan menganalisa masing-masing pos yang terdapat di dalam laporan keuangan dalam bentuk rasio posisi keuangan dengan tujuan agar dapat memaksimalkan kinerja perusahan untuk masa yang akan datang.
Comment on: “Interseismic Strain Accumulation near Lisbon (Portugal) from Space Geodesy” by Fonseca et al. (2021)
Authors: Matias Luis
Published: December 2021

The paper by Fonseca et al. (2021), hereafter referred as FON21, published in Geophysical Research Letters2 make several conclusions that are not convincingly supported by the evidence of the data that is made available. In this comment we will address the following statements: 1) FON21 “provides new evidence of sinistral simple shear driven by a NNE-SSW first-order tectonic lineament; 2) “PSInSAR vertical velocities corroborate qualitatively the GNSS strain-rate field, showing uplift/subsidence where the GNSS data indicate contraction/extension”; 3) FON21 proposes “the presence of a small block to the W of Lisbon moving independently toward the SW with a relative velocity of 0.96 ± 0.20 mm/yr”; 4) FON21 shows “that the contribution of intraplate faults to the seismic hazard in the LMA is more important than currently assumed”. We conclude that more evidence needs to be collected to confirm or infirm FON21 statements and conclusions. For the moment the proposal of an autonomous crustal block moving with significant velocity in relation to the neighboring domain should be considered speculative and unproved.
Calibrating the temporal and spatial dynamics of the Ediacaran - Cambrian radiation of animals
Authors: Bowyer Fred , Zhuravlev Andrey , Wood Rachel , Shields Graham , Zhou Ying , Curtis Andrew , Poulton Simon , Condon Daniel , Yang Chuan , Zhu Maoyan
Published: December 2021

The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, which incorporates the radiation of animals, lacks a robust global temporal and spatial framework, resulting in major uncertainty in the evolutionary dynamics of this critical radiation and its relationship to changes in palaeoenvironmental geochemistry. We first present a new δ13Ccarb composite reference curve for the Ediacaran Nama Group of southern Namibia, and we then outline four new possible global age models (A to D) for the interval 551-517 million years ago (Ma). These models comprise composite carbonate-carbon isotope (δ13Ccarb) curves, which are anchored to radiometric ages and consistent with strontium isotope chemostratigraphy, and are used to calibrate metazoan distribution in space and time. These models differ most prominently in the temporal position of the basal Cambrian negative δ13Ccarb excursion (BACE). Regions that host the most complete records show that the BACE nadir always predates the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary as defined by the first appearance datum (FAD) of the ichnospecies Treptichnus pedum. Whilst treptichnid traces are present in the late Ediacaran fossil record, the FAD of the ichnospecies T. pedum appears to post-date the LAD of in situ Cloudina and Namacalathus in all environments with high-resolution δ13Ccarb data. Two age models (A and B) place the BACE within the Ediacaran, and yield an age of ~538.8 Ma for the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary; however models C and D appear to be the most parsimonious and may support a recalibration of the boundary age by up to 3 Myr younger. All age models reveal a previously underappreciated degree of variability in the terminal Ediacaran, incorporating notable positive and negative excursions that precede the BACE. Nothwithstanding remaining uncertainties in chemostratigraphic correlation, all models support a pre-BACE first appearance of Cambrian-type shelly fossils in Siberia and possibly South China, and show that the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition was a protracted interval represented by a series of successive radiations.
A Novel Method that uses Light to Test Aerodynamics
Authors: Patel Dhyey
Published: December 2021

Aerodynamics is a very important topic which has uses in a wide array of fields and is involved in things that range from bridges to spacecrafts. Despite this, most aerodynamic tests are performed only one of two ways, using extremely expensive wind tunnels or by using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulation. Both of these preexisting methods have flaws however, with wind tunnels costing gargantuan amounts of money and CFD methods consuming large amounts of energy. These flaws have prompted scientist and engineers to actively seek new solutions and methods that will help to address the cost and energy issues associated with the other two methods. This search has been to no avail so far as new novel methods have not been found until now. I have found a new method that concerns the use of light in order to test the aerodynamics of objects. To prove the feasibility, I have experimented using this method and have found it to accurately simulate aerodynamics behavior in all cases tested by me. This discovery is rather significant as it would lead to a substantial shift in the field of testing aerodynamics.
Perpetuating Racism in the Ivory: Well-Meaning Whiteness in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Authors: Picci Giorgia , Turney Indira C. , Bigelow Taylor , Avila-Rieger Justina F. , Brickman Adam M. , Manly Jennifer
Published: December 2021

Although there has been a recent increased awareness of the lack of support to Black scholars in academia, initiatives and action plans to address such inequity are severely lacking. Lack of support from individuals and institutions contributes to such disparities for Black scholars, stifling growth and discovery in social and behavioral research. This flaw is due to the lack of diverse representation in the research and the academic workforce. We must acknowledge the role of anti-Black racism in science and how our fellow Black scientists are negatively affected, including the impact on their careers, work-life harmony, and overall mental wellness. We address the multifaceted effects of anti-Black racism throughout the Ivory on Black scholars, academic spaces, and the field of social and behavioral sciences in general. Finally, we offer concrete recommendations to be implemented immediately and, over time, by individual White scholars and academic institutions at large.
The emerging association of canonical finger patterns and quantity-number linkage in early childhood
Authors: Bahnmueller Julia , Barrocas Roberta , Moeller Korbinian , Roesch Stephanie
Published: December 2021

Through repeated use of fingers for counting and representing numerical magnitudes in early childhood, specific finger patterns become associated with mental representations of specific quantities. Although children as young as three years of age already use their fingers for representing numerical quantities, evidence on advantageous recognition of such canonical compared to non-canonical finger patterns as well as its association with numerical skills in young children is scarce. In this study, we investigated the performance of N=101 children aged around four years in canonical vs. non-canonical finger pattern recognition and its concurrent association with skills tapping into children’s’ knowledge about quantity-number linkage. Extending previous findings observed for older children, the present results indicated that despite considerable variability on the individual level performance in canonical finger pattern recognition was better compared to non-canonical finger pattern recognition on the group level. Moreover, both canonical and non-canonical finger pattern recognition was positively correlated with tasks tapping into quantity-number linkage. However, when controlling for verbal counting skills, correlations that remained significant were only found for canonical but not non-canonical finger pattern recognition performance. Overall, these results provide insights into the early onset and significance of the effect of canonicity in finger pattern recognition during early numerical development.
First generic record of aero-terrestrial algae Apatococcus lobatus (Chodat) J.B.Petersen for algal flora of Nepal
Authors: Dhakal S. , Pathak M. L. , Dhakal S.
Published: December 2021

Short note
One Facet of Ethnic Categorization, Ethnicization and Ethnic Activism in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Pradeep
Published: December 2021

Ethnicity and identity. particularly for Nepal with diverse human and cultural groups, has become more important in the context of number of ethnic upsurges accompanying macro-level social movements in Nepal, resulting in a radical transformation in the political system. Given the context, this paper aimed to reflect one of the many dimensions of ethnic activism in historical context focused on one of Nepal's least studied ethnic groups, the Paharis. Further, the paper also attempted to connect the categorization of human groups with the politics of identity. The paper is prepared by extensive reviews supplemented by a number of in-depth interviews among the given community around Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Kabhrepalanchok, and Sindhupalchok district. The paper concludes that Pahari ethnicity and activism have their own trajectory within the broader ethnic movement and activism that became apparent after 1990, followed by the movement initiated by other ethnic groups.
Federalism Practice in Nepal: Does it Move in the Expected Course?
Authors: Acharya Keshav K.
Published: December 2021

This study examines how far Nepal's current practice of federalism has progressed toward people's aspirations, based on power separation, public trust, power equalization, and intergovernmental relationships. Primary data was collected on purposively 72 key informant interviews, which were then triangulated by the KII response. Finding demonstrates that functions and authorities were devolved in accordance with the principle of separation of powers at all three levels of government. However, the constitutional provisions were completely disregarded, and power was centralized by an unholy alliance of political leadership and bureaucracy. Second, people expected the democratic government to take a welfare approach to ensure greater pluralism and alliances, but special interests of politicians for their election constituencies, as well as identity-based issues, caused havoc in the effective operation of federalism. Third, the provision of three tiers of power-sharing mechanisms was based on coexistence, cooperation, and coordination. However, the federal government appears hesitant to support sub-national governments due to the centralized mindset of bureaucrats and politicians. Fourth, the constitution has focused on intergovernmental relations, but such relationships fail due to imbalances in vertical and horizontal relationships, fiscal dependency, and the bureaucracy's power-seeking attitude. In the end, two key questions for the discussions are raised. First, the institutionalization of accountability at the local level is it a true commitment, or is it merely an ivory tower? Second, the provision of autonomy has been used as a means of transformation or simply as a bargaining tool at the local level?
Men and Feminism in Nepal
Authors: Mishra Mira
Published: December 2021

This paper narrates the experience and interpretation of feminism among 15 men students and graduates of a Gender Studies program in Nepal. It analyzes the benefits men report they have enjoyed and challenges they faced in engaging with feminism. It further discusses the strategies they employed to mitigate the challenges they faced when upscaling personal engagement in feminism. Finally, it reflects on how such engagements could be inserted into the program.
Inhabiting the World’s Largest Tropical Delta: Understanding Human-Environment Relationship from a Century-Long Archaeological Quest in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Rifat Ur , Siddiq Abu B.
Published: December 2021

Due to the exceptionally rich tropical resource, the Lower Ganges-Brahmaputra basins have attracted people of diverse ethnic and geographical backgrounds for millennia. So far 524 protected sites in present Bangladesh indicate the busy human occupation in the world’s largest delta at least from 5th century BCE. Although systematic archaeology began in the 1870s there is still a paucity of knowledge about past human land use and livelihood strategies across this area, which is especially prone to floods, cyclones, and river migrations. Here we attempt a systematic survey of human-environment interactions in ancient deltaic Bangladesh. Revisiting the fragmentary information from archaeological records and epigraphic references produced through over a century-long archaeological legacy, this study is the first attempt at a synthesis of the changing relationships between ancient people and their environment elements including land, water bodies, flora and fauna.
Interview with Professor Chaitanya Mishra
Authors: Subedi Madhusudan , Khattri Man Bahadur
Published: December 2021

Professor Chaitanya Mishra teaches Sociology to MPhil/PhD students at Tribhuvan University (TU), Nepal. His research focuses on macrosociology, politics, social change, and social stratification. He is an author/co-author, and co-editor of 10 books and about 250 articles. He believes that all sciences should contribute to public education, and frequently contributes to public debates through the media. He started his career in 1978 as a researcher at the Institute of Nepal and Asian Studies, TU. In 1981, he was appointed the founder Chair of the Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, TU. He has written on the development of sociological knowledge in Nepal, its disciplinary growth, empirical and theoretical orientations, as well as strategies that could be adopted to meet contemporary disciplinary challenges. His contributions have led to theoretical debates on the issues of development or underdevelopment of Nepali society as well as the nature and causes of economic and political divisions and alternative trajectory of change. Professor Mishra served as a member of Nepal’s National Planning Commission (1994-95), founding president of Nepal Sociological Association (2017-18), Fulbright Visiting Professor and Hubert Humphrey Professor of Sociology at Macalester College (2015-16), and founding Executive Chair of the Policy Research Institute (2018-19) of the Government of Nepal.
The Omicron variant of COVID-19: Is it the final nail in the coffin of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?
Authors: Roy Bedanta , Roy Harekrishna
Published: December 2021

No abstract available.
Role of epidermal growth factor receptor and microbial infections in polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Orzechowska Kamila , Muhammad SN , Mokamil H
Published: December 2021

Background: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a frequently inherited diseases associated with the presence of fluid-filled cysts. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) plays role in cysts development

Material and methods: The following tools (PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline Search Engine, Locate and Google Scholar) were used in literature search. Key words used to search for relevant literature are: Polycystic Kidney Disease, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Renal Cyst Formation and Renal Cyst Infection. The studies beyond 10 years were not included in present study.

Analysis: The cross-examination of research papers allowed to analyse literature around role of EGFR in ADPKD pathophysiology, EGFR TKI as treatment of ADPKD and role of microbial cyst infections in disease progression.

Results: There is a small body of literature that look at EGFR, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) and cyst infection in ADPKD over the last decade. The ‘crosstalk’ between Src and EGFR was observed to have an impact on cyst development and progression. Therefore, the combined treatment with different compounds can be a desirable approach in the treatment of ADPKD. There has been observed relationship between cyst infections, decrease in kidney function and PKD gene mutation. Endotoxins of Gram-negative bacteria could be involved in disease development.

Conclusion: The understanding of mechanisms of ADPKD and several cancers has led to the identification of molecular targets, and one of these is EGFR. The further study could establish the role of endotoxin in ADPKD development and its interaction with EGFR.
Body Mass Index (BMI) and Dental Caries Experience among Children of Eastern Region of Nepal
Authors: Bhagat Tarakant , Shrestha Ashish , Agrawal Santosh Kumari
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Dental caries and obesity share some common, modifiable influences such as diet and lifestyle including changes in physical activity and food characters. So, obesity can be considered as a predictor of dental caries and various studies have shown the positive association between these two factors.

Objective: The study aims to analyze the relationship between dental caries and BMI in children of eastern region of Nepal.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used comprising 600 school children in eastern region of Nepal. Anthropometric measures for the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI), occurrence of dental caries, missing, and filled teeth due to caries in both the primary and permanent dentition (dft and DMFT respectively) were collected. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation and independent t test to assess correlation between dental caries and BMI.

Results: Dental caries prevalence was 57.3%. The difference in caries experience among gender was insignificant (p = 0.172). Caries experience decreased significantly with increase in years of schooling (p = 0.002) and with increase in age (p < 0.001). Caries experience increased with an increase in BMI but was not significant (p = 0.199). There was a positive correlation between BMI and DMFT /DMFS but was not statistically significant. The correlation between dft and dfs was statistically significant.

Conclusions: The study indicated that some form of correlation existed between BMI and dental caries but the association was weak. Healthy with age children experience more caries than overweight and underweight children.
Lacerated Tongue Injury in an Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Gurung Pratistha , Shrestha Sneba , Dali Mamta , Koirala Bandana
Published: December 2021

Tongue laceration is not uncommon in young children. The most common location for a lacerated tongue injury in children is the anterior dorsum of the tongue. Fall at home is the most common cause of injury. Choosing an optimal treatment option for tongue lacerations remains a challenge due to contradictory recommendations and lack of current guidelines. This case reports the timely intervention and repair of a lacerated tongue injury in an 11-month-old infant under local anesthesia with satisfactory healing where function and esthetics of the tongue was restored. Thus, timely intervention of suturing in lacerated tongue injury in children can give good results.
History of Pediatric Dentistry in Nepal
Authors: Birajee Gajendra , Koirala Bandana , Limbu Senchhema , Dali Mamta , Shrestha Sneha
Published: December 2021

Pediatric dentistry is an age-defined specialty that includes a vast array of oral healthcare-related disciplines for children. It is the most needed health care services and yet the most neglected in Nepal. Specialist pediatric dental practice in Nepal started around two decades ago. The Nepalese Association of Pediatric Dentistry (NAPD) is a nonprofit, non-government, national organization of pediatric dentists of Nepal formed with the motto of uplifting oral health of children throughout the country. NAPD is consistently conducting conferences, workshops, continuing dental education (CDE) programs and symposiums. It also serves community by conducting many free oral health check-ups, and oral health awareness rallies for fulfilling the purpose of maintaining the good oral health of children.
Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Factual Perspective
Authors: Agrawal Sapna
Published: December 2021

Children with special health care needs are present throughout the world, in all nations and all races. As oral health is an integral part of general health, these individuals are at an increased risk of acquiring oral diseases lifelong. Also, oral diseases can have a direct and devastating impact on their quality of life making daily activities more difficult if not treated on time. Managing and treating these differently ables requires increased awareness as well as attention along with specialized training. Establishing an early dental home along with the medical home would help improve their overall quality of life. A planned treatment protocol including proper referral system to the trained professionals would surely help in decreasing the load of oral diseases.
Post Pandemic Era – Adopting Tele-dentistry
Authors: Dikshit Parajeeta
Published: December 2021

Dentistry, the field of medicine where the communication sets standards for success. A continuous patient and dentist as well multidisciplinary dental communication leads to accuracy in diagnosis, increased efficiency as well as better patient satisfaction and long term positive outcomes. However the COVID-19 has brought a hindrance in the regular dental practice. The dental work demands a close proximity between the dentists with the patient which pitches them at a higher risk of being affected by the virus. Hence, international as well as national policy making associations and organizations have suggested only emergency and minimal aerosols generating treatment procedures. The dentists have almost been in hibernation, along with the waves of the pandemic and the constant lockdowns, carrying out free consultations for regular patients of their practices, through the phone and even chats. Can this be an opportunity to include tele-communication tools in routine dental practice?
Dental Caries Experience in 6-13 Years Old School Children of Dharan Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bastola Bhawana Sigdel , Koirala Bandana , Dali Mamta , Shrestha Sneha , Baral Dharanidhar
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Dental caries though preventable oral health problem is affecting school children worldwide and around 50% of Nepalese children are suffering from it. Baseline data with good understanding of dental caries and associated risk factors are necessary to form preventive strategies for setting and achieving oral health goals.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine dental caries experience and associated risk factors among school-going children of 6-13 years old in Dharan sub-metropolitan city, Nepal.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 5th Jan 2018 to 4th Jan 2019 among 680 school children selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Pretested, standardized, closed-ended questionnaire answered by the parents was used to gather information regarding the associated risk factors. Dental caries experience was obtained from deft/DMFT (WHO modification 1997). Comparison of categorical data was done using Chi-square test. Multivariable binary logistic regressions were used for the statistical analysis.

Results: The overall caries prevalence was 61.6%, in primary dentition it was 48.25% and in permanent dentition it was 34.4%. Dental caries experience was with mean deft 4.67 (±2.7) in primary dentition and mean DMFT 1.72 (±1.05).in permanent dentition. Multivariate analysis showed significant association between dental caries experience and grade three and grade four school children had experienced greater caries (p<0.05, OR =2.7). Dental caries was associated with eating sweets at night (p<0.001, OR=2.5) and snacking in-between meals (p<0.001, OR=2.5).

Conclusions: Dental caries among school-children in Dharan showed a significant burden especially within the primary dentition. It was significantly associated with factors like feeding habits -eating sweets in a day, eating sweets at night and snaking in between meals
Pyogenic Granuloma of Lower Lip: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Rai Amita , Koirala Bandana , Dali Mamta , Shrestha Sneha , Shrestha Ashish
Published: December 2021

Pyogenic granuloma is a benign inflammatory hyperplasia of connective tissue. It depicts an overzealous tissue response to a known stimulus or injury and is commonly found in the gingiva, especially in the anterior maxilla, and rarely on lips, oral mucosa, and tongue. It is commonly seen during the second, third, and fourth decade in females, with predilection in the third decade. This case report depicts the unusual presentation of pyogenic granuloma of the lower lip in an 11-year-old male child following a positive history of trauma and lip biting, which was successfully managed by excision under local anesthesia.
Pre-surgical Alveolar Molding: An Adjunct to Surgical Repair in Cleft Lip and Palate Rehabilitation
Authors: Pande Rikta , Koirala Bandana , Dali Mamta , Poudel Kabiraj
Published: December 2021

Bilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) with a severely protruded premaxillary segment can present as a challenge during surgical lip repairing. Pre-surgical alveolar molding, as described in this case report, is one such technique which aids in the approximation of the cleft segments thereby improving the esthetic result of the surgical repair. The present case highlights the importance of a simple molding appliance in re-positioning the protruded premaxillary segments of a neonate with bilateral CLP thereby serving as an adjunct to the surgical repair.
Conservative Management of Submandibular Space Infection in a 5-Year-Old Child: A Case Report
Authors: Khadka Sanchita , Koirala Bandana , Jaisani Mehul Rajesh , Rai Siddhartha
Published: December 2021

Submandibular space infection is a potentially fatal infection that could arise as a result of odontogenic or non-odontogenic infections. The management should be prompt as the infection can spread rapidly leading to airway obstruction. A 5-year-old child reported with a complaint of swelling on the left side of the face for four days. On examination, patient had a diffuse swelling involving the left submandibular region with decreased mouth opening secondary to carious 75. The patient was administered intravenous (i.v) fluids, antibiotics and analgesics. Incision and drainage of the abscess was done extraorally under i.v sedation using midazolam with local anaesthesia followed by rubber drain placement. Patient responded to the treatment with progressive decrease in the swelling. Pulpectomy of 75 was performed followed by stainless-steel crown placement. This case highlights the importance of prompt appropriate treatment supplemented by salvage treatment to overcome the associated morbidity at this very young age.
Ulcerated White Lesion of Tongue in a 7-Year-Old Child: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Shakya Royasa , Koirala Bandana , Dali Mamta , Shrestha Sneha
Published: December 2021

Tongue is a complex organ associated with functions of taste, speech, mastication, deglutition, and development of jaws. It is considered the mirror of physical health as it can be the site of infections, immunological and drug-induced reactions, neoplasms and systemic diseases. This paper aims to present challenges in diagnosing a case of a 7-year-old male child who presented with ulceration and extensive white coating on the dorsum of tongue accompanied by fever, chills, tonsillitis, and submandibular lymphadenopathy. Despite symptomatic treatment done, the white coating with patches of depapillation lasted for a relatively long time. This may be the first reported case in the literature with such unusual tongue lesions in a child till date. Thus, pediatric dentists should have sound knowledge of the commonly encountered oral soft tissue lesions along with the rarer lesions and unusual presentation of common lesions for timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and referral if necessary.