bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
cGAS inhibition alleviates Alu RNA-induced immune responses and cytotoxicity in retinal pigmented epithelium
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Feng , Bian Wei , Chen Yanyun , Liu Jianying , Liu Zhenyu , Xiong Ying , Wan Xiuhua
Published: July 2022

Background

The degeneration of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells results in severe diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that causes blindness in millions of individuals.

Results

We report that targeting GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) alleviates Alu RNA-induced immune responses and cytotoxicity in RPE. We find that the deletion of cGAS in RPE inhibits the Alu RNA-stimulated interferon production. cGAS deficiency also protects RPE from cell death triggered by Alu RNA. Importantly, two natural chemicals, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and resveratrol (RSVL), are effective in suppressing the immunogenic and cytotoxic effect of Alu RNA in RPE.

Conclusions

Our findings further demonstrate the crucial role of cGAS in the Alu RNA-induced RPE damage and present EGCG and RSVL as potential therapies for AMD and other RPE degeneration-related conditions.
Comparative analysis of human and bovine thyroglobulin structures
Authors: Kim Han-ul , Jeong Hyeongseop , Chung Jeong Min , Jeoung Dooil , Hyun Jaekyung , Jung Hyun Suk
Published: July 2022

In biology, evolutionary conserved protein sequences show homologous physiological phenotypes in their structures and functions. If the protein has a vital function, its sequence is usually conserved across the species. However, in highly conserved protein there still remains small differences across the species. Upon protein–protein interaction (PPI), it is observed that the conserved proteins can have different binding partners that are considered to be caused by the small sequence variations in a specific domain. Thyroglobulin (TG) is the most commonly found protein in the thyroid gland of vertebrates and serves as the precursor of the thyroid hormones, tetraiodothyronine and triiodothyronine that are critical for growth, development and metabolism in vertebrates. In this study, we comparatively analyzed the sequences and structures of the highly conserved regions of TG from two different species in relation to their PPIs. In order to do so, we employed SIM for sequence alignment, STRING for PPI analysis and cryo-electron microscopy for 3D structural analysis. Our Cryo-EM model for TG of Bos taurus determined at 7.1 Å resolution fitted well with the previously published Cryo-EM model for Homo sapiens TG. By demonstrating overall structural homology between TGs from different species, we address that local amino acid sequence variation is sufficient to alter PPIs specific for the organism. We predict that our result will contribute to a deeper understanding in the evolutionary pattern applicable to many other proteins.
A broadband magnetotelluric survey for Mt. Meakandake volcano with special attention to the unrest during 2016–2017
Authors: Inoue Tomohiro , Hashimoto Takeshi , Tanaka Ryo , Yamaya Yusuke
Published: July 2022

We performed a broadband magnetotelluric (BBMT) survey and three-dimensional resistivity modeling for the Meakandake volcano in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, where remarkable ground deformation suggests a sill-like intrusion on the northeastern flank from 2016 to 2017. The volcano remained unerupted, and therefore the volcanological meaning of the deformation was unclear, making the evaluation of the “unrest” event difficult. Our 3D MT model has revealed a subvertical low-resistivity column C1 (approximately 1–10 Ωm) extending from 0.5 km BSL (below sea level) to a deeper part of Mt. Meakandake. The conductor C1 was not right on the presumed sill but just beneath the summit craters offset southwest. We performed a sensitivity test in which the bottom limit of C1 was varied, and confirmed that C1 was meaningful down to approximately 30 km BSL. The vertical reach in depth was necessary to reproduce the impedance phases out of quadrant at some sites west of Mt. Meakandake. In addition, we interpreted that the uppermost part of C1 was probably connected to the active vents of Mt. Meakandake through presumed subvertical pathways of heat and fluids, corresponding to the alignment of microearthquakes. On the other hand, we found no remarkable conductivity anomalies beneath the northeastern flank, where the sill-like inflation source was presumed. While our MT data do not suggest a thin sill at depth, it does not exclude the possibility that the ground inflation has been caused by a lateral magmatic or hydrothermal intrusion that branched from a certain depth of the subvertical conductor C1.

Graphical Abstract
The habit, choice, intention, and perception of raw beef consumers on raw beef-eating: the health risk management perspective
Authors: Gebeyehu Daniel Teshome , Alemu Biruk , Belete Gemechu
Published: July 2022

Apart from its nutritive value, meat is one of the substances for the transmission of pathogenic micro-organisms to consumers and the raw beef eating habit of Ethiopians can create a favourable condition for the transmission of pathogens from contaminated meat to raw beef consumers. The face-to-face interview of raw beef consumers was done using a structured questionnaire and 570 total samples were collected. A considerable number (74%) of raw beef consumers had favourable food choice; 85% of the raw beef consumers had favourable intentions to stop their raw beef eating habit, and 67% of them had an unfavourable perception of the safety of raw beef-eating. In conclusion, the study showed that raw beef consumers were not aware of the health risks of raw beef-eating. As a result, urgent sensitization intervention is required to shift the raw beef consumers from unhealthy eating habits to prudent (processed) eating practices.
Students' self-repair in EFL classroom interactions: implications for classroom dynamics
Authors: Beshir Mohammed , Yigzaw Abiy
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to evaluate whether or not students engage in self-help behavior when they encounter difficulties during their presentations. The participants were second year EFL college trainees; the data were obtained from their classroom presentations. The audio recorded data has been transcribed, coded, and categorized into quantitative and qualitative data. Descriptive statistical tools were employed to analyze the quantitative component, while thematic analysis was used to explain the qualitative data. Based on the findings, the students engaged in different kinds of strategies for self-repair, including same-information repair (repetition) 48 (36.9%); appropriateness repair 46 (35.4%); error repair 32 (24.6%); and back-to-error 4 (3.1%). From the point of view of the trouble sources that trigger self-repair, this research highlighted difficulties with syntactic and lexical errors as the most prevalent problems among EFL learners. The self-repair evidences revealed the importance of giving time for students to modify their utterances by themselves. In addition, the result could help teachers determine where to focus their efforts in helping students.
A review of real-time multi-GNSS precise orbit determination based on the filter method
Authors: Lou Yidong , Dai Xiaolei , Gong Xiaopeng , Li Chenglong , Qing Yun , Liu Yang , Peng Yaquan , Gu Shengfeng
Published: July 2022

Stable and reliable high-precision satellite orbit products are the prerequisites for the positioning services with high performance. In general, the positioning accuracy depends strongly on the quality of satellite orbit and clock products, especially for absolute positioning modes, such as Precise Point Positioning (PPP). With the development of real-time services, real-time Precise Orbit Determination (POD) is indispensable and mainly includes two methods: the ultra-rapid orbit prediction and the real-time filtering orbit determination. The real-time filtering method has a great potential to obtain more stable and reliable products than the ultra-rapid orbit prediction method and thus has attracted increasing attention in commercial companies and research institutes. However, several key issues should be resolved, including the refinement of satellite dynamic stochastic models, adaptive filtering for irregular satellite motions, rapid convergence, and real-time Ambiguity Resolution (AR). This paper reviews and summarizes the current research progress in real-time filtering POD with a focus on the aforementioned issues. In addition, the real-time filtering orbit determination software developed by our group is introduced, and some of the latest results are evaluated. The Three-Dimensional (3D) real-time orbit accuracy of GPS and Galileo satellites is better than 5 cm with AR. In terms of the convergence time and accuracy of kinematic PPP AR, the better performance of the filter orbit products is validated compared to the ultra-rapid orbit products.
A Population-Based Study of the Long-Term Risk of Infections Associated With Hospitalization in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Chehab Leena , Doody David R. , Esbenshade Adam J. , Guilcher Gregory M.T. , Dvorak Christopher C. , Fisher Brian T. , Mueller Beth A. , Chow Eric J. , Rossoff Jenna
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE

Infections pose a significant risk during therapy for childhood cancer. However, little is known about the risk of infection in long-term survivors of childhood cancer.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective observational study of children and adolescents born in Washington State diagnosed with cancer before age 20 years and who survived at least 5 years after diagnosis. Survivors were categorized as having a hematologic or nonhematologic malignancy and were matched to individuals without cancer in the state birth records by birth year and sex with a comparator:survivor ratio of 10:1. The primary outcome was incidence of any infection associated with a hospitalization using diagnostic codes from state hospital discharge records. Incidence was reported as a rate (IR) per 1,000 person-years. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for cancer survivors versus comparators.

RESULTS

On the basis of 382 infection events among 3,152 survivors and 771 events among 31,519 comparators, the IR of all hospitalized infections starting 5 years after cancer diagnosis was 12.6 (95% CI, 11.4 to 13.9) and 2.4 (95% CI, 2.3 to 2.6), respectively, with an IRR 5.1 (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.8). The survivor IR during the 5- to 10-year (18.1, 95% CI, 15.9 to 20.5) and > 10-year postcancer diagnosis (8.3, 95% CI, 7.0 to 9.7) periods remained greater than comparison group IRs for the same time periods (2.3, 95% CI, 2.1 to 2.6 and 2.5, 95% CI, 2.3 to 2.8, respectively). When potentially vaccine-preventable infections were evaluated, survivors had a greater risk of infection relative to comparators (IRR, 13.1; 95% CI, 7.2 to 23.9).

CONCLUSION

Infectious complications continue to affect survivors of childhood cancer many years after initial diagnosis. Future studies are needed to better understand immune reconstitution to determine specific factors that may mitigate this risk.
Disrupted and Elevated Circadian Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in a Murine Model of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Biancolin Andrew D , Jeong Hyerin , Mak Kimberly W Y , Yuan Zixuan , Brubaker Patricia L
Published: July 2022

Metabolism and circadian rhythms are intimately linked, with circadian glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion by the intestinal L-cell entraining rhythmic insulin release. GLP-1 secretion has been explored in the context of obesogenic diets, but never in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is also considerable disagreement regarding GLP-1 levels in human T2D. Furthermore, recent evidence has demonstrated decreased expression of the β-cell exocytotic protein secretagogin (SCGN) in T2D. To extend these findings to the L-cell, we administered oral glucose tolerance tests at 6 time points in 4-hour intervals to the high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) mouse model of T2D. This revealed a 10-fold increase in peak GLP-1 secretion with a phase shift of the peak from the normal feeding period into the fasting-phase. This was accompanied by impairments in the rhythms of glucose, glucagon, mucosal clock genes (Arntl and Cry2), and Scgn. Immunostaining revealed that L-cell GLP-1 intensity was increased in the HFD-STZ model, as was the proportion of L-cells that expressed SCGN; however, this was not found in L-cells from humans with T2D, which exhibited decreased GLP-1 staining but maintained their SCGN expression. Gcg expression in isolated L-cells was increased along with pathways relating to GLP-1 secretion and electron transport chain activity in the HFD-STZ condition. Further investigation into the mechanisms responsible for this increase in GLP-1 secretion may give insights into therapies directed toward upregulating endogenous GLP-1 secretion.
Effect of Fetal Delivery on Pao 2/Fio 2 Ratio During Mechanical Ventilation in Parturients With COVID-19: A Case Series
Authors: Kodali Bhavani Shankar , Wong Michael J. , Lankford Allison , Lee Khang , Bharadwaj Shobana
Published: July 2022

It is controversial whether fetal delivery improves maternal oxygenation during mechanical ventilation. We evaluated maternal arterial partial pressure of oxygen (Pao
2) to fractional oxygen concentration (Fio
2) (P/F) ratios before and after delivery in this series of 15 parturients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Compared to the immediate postpartum period, P/F ratio was increased at 48 hours (212 ± 101 vs 271 ± 90; P = .006). Linear regression demonstrated improvement in P/F ratio during the study period (slope, 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–5.34; P = .007), although predelivery and postdelivery periods separately did not exhibit any specific trend. Five patients required emergent bedside delivery. We discuss numerous considerations guiding delivery planning during mechanical ventilation.
A guide to preprinting for early-career researchers
Authors: Ettinger Cassandra L. , Sadanandappa Madhumala K. , Görgülü Kıvanç , Coghlan Karen L. , Hallenbeck Kenneth K. , Puebla Iratxe
Published: July 2022

The use of preprints, research manuscripts shared publicly before completing the traditional peer-review process, is becoming a more common practice among life science researchers. Early-career researchers (ECRs) benefit from posting preprints as they are shareable, citable, and prove productivity. However, preprinting a manuscript involves a discussion among all co-authors, and ECRs are often not the decision-makers. Therefore, ECRs may find themselves in situations where they are interested in depositing a preprint but are unsure how to approach their co-authors or advisor about preprinting. Leveraging our own experiences as ECRs, and feedback from the research community, we have constructed a guide for ECRs who are considering preprinting to enable them to take ownership over the process and to raise awareness about preprinting options. We hope that this guide helps ECRs to initiate conversations about preprinting with co-authors and encourage them to preprint their future research.
Severe cerebellar malformations in mutant mice demonstrate a role for PDGF-C/PDGFRα signalling in cerebellar development
Authors: Gillnäs Sara , Gallini Radiosa , He Liqun , Betsholtz Christer , Andrae Johanna
Published: July 2022

Formation of the mouse cerebellum is initiated in the embryo and continues for a few weeks after birth. Double-mutant mice lacking platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) and that are heterozygous for platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfc-/-; PdgfraGFP/+) develop cerebellar hypoplasia and malformation with loss of cerebellar lobes in the posterior vermis. This phenotype is similar to those observed in Foxc1 mutant mice and in a human neuroimaging pattern called Dandy Walker malformation. Pdgfc-Pdgfra mutant mice also display ependymal denudation in the fourth ventricle and gene expression changes in cerebellar meninges, which coincide with the first visible signs of cerebellar malformation. Here, we show that PDGF-C/PDGFRα signalling is a critical component in the network of molecular and cellular interactions that take place between the developing meninges and neural tissues, and which are required to build a fully functioning cerebellum.
Bmp7 drives proximal tubule expansion and determines nephron number in the developing kidney
Authors: Taglienti Mary , Graf Daniel , Schumacher Valerie , Kreidberg Jordan A.
Published: July 2022

The mammalian kidney is composed of thousands of nephrons that are formed through reiterative induction of a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transformation by a population of nephron progenitor cells. The number of nephrons in human kidneys ranges from several hundred thousand to nearly a million, and low nephron number has been implicated as a risk factor for kidney disease as an adult. Bmp7 is among a small number of growth factors required to support the proliferation and self-renewal of nephron progenitor cells, in a process that will largely determine the final nephron number. Once induced, each nephron begins as a simple tubule that undergoes extensive proliferation and segmental differentiation. Bmp7 is expressed both by nephron progenitor cells and the ureteric bud derivative branches that induce new nephrons. Here, we show that, in mice, Bmp7 expressed by progenitor cells has a major role in determining nephron number; nephron number is reduced to one tenth its normal value in its absence. Postnatally, Bmp7 also drives proliferation of the proximal tubule cells, and these ultimately constitute the largest segment of the nephron. Bmp7 appears to act through Smad 1,5,9(8), p38 and JNK MAP kinase. In the absence of Bmp7, nephrons undergo a hypertrophic process that involves p38. Following a global inactivation of Bmp7, we also see evidence for Bmp7-driven growth of the nephron postnatally. Thus, we identify a role for Bmp7 in supporting the progenitor population and driving expansion of nephrons to produce a mature kidney.
A genetic labeling system to study dendritic spine development in zebrafish models of neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: DeMarco Elisabeth C. , Stoner George R. , Robles Estuardo
Published: July 2022

Dendritic spines are the principal site of excitatory synapse formation in the human brain. Several neurodevelopmental disorders cause spines to develop abnormally, resulting in altered spine number and morphology. Although spine development has been thoroughly characterized in the mammalian brain, spines are not unique to mammals. We have developed a genetic system in zebrafish to enable high-resolution in vivo imaging of spine dynamics during larval development. Although spiny neurons are rare in the larval zebrafish, pyramidal neurons (PyrNs) of the zebrafish tectum form an apical dendrite containing a dense array of dendritic spines. To characterize dendritic spine development, we performed mosaic genetic labeling of individual PyrNs labeled by an id2b:gal4 transgene. Our findings identify a developmental period during which PyrN dendrite growth is concurrent with spine formation. Throughout this period, motile, transient filopodia gradually transform into stable spines containing postsynaptic specializations. The utility of this system to study neurodevelopmental disorders was validated by examining spine development in fmr1 mutant zebrafish, a model of fragile X syndrome. PyrNs in fmr1 mutants exhibited pronounced defects in dendrite growth and spine stabilization. Taken together, these findings establish a genetic labeling system to study dendritic spine development in larval zebrafish. In the future, this system could be combined with high-throughput screening approaches to identify genes and drug targets that regulate spine formation.
Μελετώντας τη διεργασία του μετασχηματισμού των εκπαιδευομένων σε ένα Σχολείο Δεύτερης Ευκαιρίας
Authors: Κεσόπουλος Ιωάννης , Αρμάος Ρέμος
Published: July 2022

Η έρευνα διερευνά μετασχηματισμούς δυσλειτουργικών αντιλήψεων των εκπαιδευομένων ενός Σχολείου Δεύτερης Ευκαιρίας επιδιώκοντας να προσδιορίσει το ποσοστό των εκπαιδευομένων που συνειδητοποιούν πιθανή αλλαγή, το προφίλ τους, τους τομείς μετασχηματισμού καθώς και τους παράγοντες, είτε εντός είτε εκτός σχολείου (πρόσωπα, δραστηριότητες), που συμβάλλουν στην αλλαγή. Η μελέτη χρησιμοποίησε τη μικτή μέθοδο αξιοποιώντας το Learning Activities Survey (King, 2009), που περιλαμβάνει ένα ερωτηματολόγιο και μια συνέντευξη, τα οποία προσαρμόστηκαν για τις ανάγκες της παρούσας έρευνας. Στην ποσοτική έρευνα συμμετείχαν 25 εκπαιδευόμενοι και σε ποσοστό 60% δήλωσαν ότι συνειδητοποίησαν μετασχηματισμούς. Στην ποιοτική έρευνα πήραν μέρος οκτώ εκπαιδευόμενοι και από τις συνεντεύξεις αναδείχθηκε ότι έξι απ’ αυτούς φαίνεται να προχώρησαν σε μετασχηματισμό αντιλήψεών τους σε τομείς όπως τα στερεότυπα και οι κοινωνικοί ρόλοι, η ικανότητα βελτίωσης των δεξιοτήτων σε γλωσσικό, αριθμητικό και πληροφορικό γραμματισμό, η δυνατότητα κατανόησης της γλώσσας και διεκπεραίωσης προσωπικών εργασιών (για τους Μουσουλμάνους εκπαιδευόμενους), η συνειδητοποίηση της αξίας τους και της δυνατότητας εκπλήρωσης προσωπικών στόχων, ενώ μετασχημάτισαν και τη νοητική συνήθεια για τη σημασία των σπουδών και τη συμβολή τους στην αυτογνωσία και στην ενίσχυση της αυτοπεποίθησής τους.
Το πένθος «αντ’ αυτού»: αισθητηριακές διαφορές και το κοινωνικό τραύμα των αυτιστικών
Authors: Μαρινούδη Σούλα
Published: July 2022

Το άρθρο αυτό εξετάζει τα βιώματα των αυτιστικών μέσα σε συστήματα κοινωνικών σχέσεων που διέπονται από πολιτισμικές αναπαραστάσεις. Η έννοια του «πένθους», που συχνά περιγράφει τη συναισθηματική διαδικασία των γονέων σχετικά με τη διάγνωση των παιδιών τους και τη ζωή μαζί τους, αποκτά νόημα μέσα σε  συγκεκριμένο κοινωνικό πλαίσιο. Σε αντιδιαστολή με τις αποπλαισιωμένες ιατρικές αντιλήψεις που επικρατούν στην προσέγγιση του αυτισμού, το άρθρο επικεντρώνεται στη διαφορετικότητα των σωματικών, αισθητηριακών, αντιληπτικών εμπειριών των αυτιστικών από τις κοινωνικά υποχρεωτικές συμπεριφορές, καθώς και στη δυσκολία να αναπαρασταθούν αυτές γλωσσικά. Η αναλυτική επεξεργασία της κοινωνικά μη αναμενόμενης διατάραξης ανάμεσα στη γλωσσική έκφραση και το σωματικό/ συν-αισθηματικό βίωμα επιδιώκει να συμβάλει στη συζήτηση για τη σχέση αναπηρίας και βλάβης, κοινωνίας και υποκειμένου. Προτείνεται το ότι η αποδοχή της διαφοράς των αυτιστικών σε έναν ορίζοντα σωματικής και νευρολογικής ποικιλομορφίας και όχι απόκλισης από τις νόρμες προϋποθέτει τον επαναπροσδιορισμό κατηγοριών που αφορούν την ταυτότητα, τον εαυτό, τη σωματοποίηση, τον πολιτισμό.
Coagulase-negative staphylococci as an evolving mastitis causing organism in cows: A review
Authors: Idamokoro Emrobowansan Monday
Published: July 2022

The present review attempts to address the emergence of a fast-growing mastitis causing pathogen – coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) – and its multi-facet roles in dairy farms. CNS is divided into numerous species, but only a few succeed in bovine mastitis. The two predominant CNS species causing mastitis are Staphylococcus chromogenes and Staphylococcus simulans. These two mostly known CNS affects dairy cows at varied parities and at different lactation stages. CNS have been judged to be the most common bovine mastitis isolate in several countries of the world. However, CNS may not likely be as pathogenic as the other primary mastitis pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and its infection mostly remains subclinical. Conversely, CNS is capable of triggering persistent infections among dairy herds, resulting in reduced milk quality and high milk somatic cell count (SCC). One negative impact of CNS infection in dairy herds is that it can destroy cow udder tissue, hereby leading to a drop in milk production of dairy cows. CNS mastitis has a high cure rate when treated with anti-biotics as their infection in cows are not known to be a therapeutic problem. Judging from several literatures, it cannot be said whether CNS species act as an ecological or contagious pathogens. Regulator procedures, including pre- and post-milking teat disinfection, may reduce contagious mastitis pathogens of CNS infections in the dairy herd. Phenotypic methods for identification of CNS are not adequately dependable, and molecular techniques of identification may be better substitute for identification. Dairy farmers may benefit greatly from more empirical research on the epidemiology of CNS mastitis and more reliable methods for species identification.
Humoral immunity indicators as prediction factors for dysbiosis development risk
Authors: Hryzevskyi O. , Minukhin V. , Kobylnik S. , Dzygal O. , Shumilina K.
Published: July 2022

Diseases associated with bacterial vaginosis lead to chronic inflammatory processes of the internal genitals, the development of adhesions of the pelvic organs, infertility, spontaneous abortion at different times, as well as the development of malignant neoplasms. Vaginal microflora is an indicator of a woman's health which can form changing in hormonal and immunological status during various pathological conditions. The aim of the study was to create a system for prediction of the dysbiosis development according to the levels of nonspecific humoral factor of immune defence.

The study was performed in 298 women aged 16 to 64 years, 53 of whom were diagnosed with normocenosis, and 245 have dysbiosis. Women were divided into 3 groups according to age. Regression analysis was used.

Our previous researches have shown a correlation between increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood and vaginal secretions with the stage of dysbiosis. A logistic regression model was constructed during the study, which showed that the risk of developing dysbiosis in terms of normobiota increases with increasing levels of interleukin 2 in the blood, tumor necrosis factor α. Significant features of the three-factor model for predicting the risk of developing dysbiosis (IL2, IL4 and TNFα) were selected by the method of genetic algorithm. The levels of these indicators in the blood were related to the severity of dysbiosis according to the results of discriminant analysis. Thus, a linear neural network model was developed for determination of dysbiosis severity according to the levels of nonspecific humoral factors of immune defence such as the C4 component of the complement system and γ-interferon in vaginal secretions, as well as the amount of circulating immune complexes and tumor necrosis factor α in the blood. Kappa Cohen's agreement for this model on the training set was 0.87 (95% CI 0.82-0.91), and on the confirmatory set was 0.89 (95% CI 0.77-1.00). These indicators show the adequacy of the constructed model. The interface of the expert system for the dysbiosis severity prediction has been created.
Branch-Cut-and-Price for the Time-Dependent Green Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Liu Yiming , Yu Yang , Zhang Yu , Baldacci Roberto , Tang Jiafu , Luo Xinggang , Sun Wei
Published: July 2022

Motivated by rising concerns regarding global warming and traffic congestion effects, we study the time-dependent green vehicle routing problem with time windows (TDGVRPTW), aiming to minimize carbon emissions. The TDGVRPTW is a variant of the time-dependent vehicle routing problem (TDVRP) in which, in addition to the time window constraints, the minimization of carbon emissions requires determination of the optimal departure times for vehicles, from both the depot and customer location(s). Accordingly, the first exact method based on a branch-cut-and-price (BCP) algorithm is proposed for solving the TDGVRPTW. We introduce the notation of a time-dependent (TD) arc and describe how to identify the nondominated TD arcs in terms of arc departure times. In this way, we reduce infinitely many TD arcs to a finite set of nondominated TD arcs. We design a state-of-the-art BCP algorithm for the TDGVRPTW with labeling and limited memory subset row cuts, together with effective dominance rules for eliminating dominated TD arcs. The exact method is tested on a set of test instances derived from benchmark instances proposed in the literature. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed exact method in solving TDGVRPTW instances involving up to 100 customers.

Summary of Contribution: Due to the environmental situation, green vehicle routing problems (GVRPs) aim to consider greenhouse gas emissions reduction, while routing the vehicles, and play a key role in transportation and logistics. Vehicle greenhouse gas emissions strongly depend on the vehicle speeds and traffic conditions which in real life vary continuously over time. To tackle these challenges, we address the time-dependent green vehicle routing problem with time windows (TDGVRPTW) aimed at reducing total carbon emissions under time-dependent travel times and time window constraints. We design an effective exact method for the TDGVRPTW based on a state-of-the-art branch-cut-and-price algorithm. The paper is both of methodological value for researchers and of interest for practitioners. For researchers, the presented algorithm is amenable for various routing constraints and provides a ground for further studies and research. For practitioners, the paper suggests insights on how the carbon emissions change based on different vehicle speed profiles.

History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete.

Funding: This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71831003, 71831006, 72171043, and 71901180] and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grants N170405005 and N180704015].

Supplemental Material: The electronic companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1195 .
Practice Summary: GE Optimizes for Aircraft Engine Overhaul Scheduling and Shop Assignment
Authors: Umang Nitish , Kiefer Daniel , Gonzalez Patricio , Thevenot Henri , Johnson Christopher D. , Martin Jean , Stephenson Emily , Cline Jerrold , Gemici-Ozkan Banu , Beniaminy Israel
Published: July 2022

We present an optimization-based decision support system to generate optimal aircraft engine maintenance schedules that reflect qualitative and quantitative trade-offs from customer, business, and shop perspectives. The approach is currently implemented at GE Aviation Services for global overhaul network induction planning for all commercial product lines.
Someone Else to Blame: The Effectiveness of Egocentric and Alter-Centric Impression Management Tactics in the U.S. Food Retail Industry
Authors: Diestre Luis , Montauti Martina , Pinto de Sousa Helena
Published: July 2022

We investigate the effectiveness of two types of impression management tactics implemented around negative attributes: egocentric (claiming the absence or low presence of a negative attribute in a focal organization) and alter-centric tactics (claiming the greater presence of a negative attribute in an organization’s competitor). We claim that the effectiveness of each tactic depends on the risk of audiences’ skepticism, which stems from the incongruence between the information conveyed in the tactic and audiences’ default expectations about the presence of the attribute among members of a given market segment. Audiences expect a conspicuous presence of the attribute, we propose, the more stakeholders contest a market segment for that very attribute. Thus, we advance that egocentric (alter-centric) tactics are less likely to be effective for contested (uncontested) attributes because the information conveyed in such tactics clashes with audiences’ default expectations, triggering skepticism. We find support for our predictions looking at the impact of nutrient content claims on product sales in the U.S. food retail industry between 2006 and 2015.

Funding: H. Pinto de Sousa acknowledges the support, in the form of a research scholarship, granted by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia), under the European Social Fund and the Human Capital Operational Program (Programa Operacional Capital Humano) funding program [Grant SFRH/BD/128536/2017].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1612 .
Atypical Gradenigo Syndrome in an Elderly Man Resolved with Mastoidectomy and Petrous Apicectomy
Authors: Beran Azizullah , Aladamat Nameer , Alchalabi Mustafa , Mhanna Mohammed , Srour Omar , Khader Yasmin , Kayyali Ammar
Published: July 2022

Gradenigo syndrome (GS) was described primarily in the paediatric population, especially in the pre-antibiotic era. GS is rarely reported in the elderly population, especially in the post-antibiotic era. We present the rare case of a 67-year-old man who presented with an incomplete triad of symptoms (without abducens nerve palsy) of GS that failed medical therapy and was successfully treated with surgical intervention (mastoidectomy and petrous apicectomy). Physicians should be familiar with atypical presenting symptoms of GS as it can lead to life-threatening complications, especially in the elderly. GS cases resistant to medical therapy may require prompt appropriate imaging studies and surgical intervention.
Widowhood in History : Reformers, Widow Homes and the Nation
Authors: Atwal Jyoti
Published: July 2022

To begin with, the section on the mainstream reformers offers a brief overview of the nature of reform carried out in the late 19th century Bengal and Maharashtra. The second section, on widowhood and nationalism, looks into how the Hindu women in general and the widow in particular were recast by the urgency accorded to the redefinition of the subjected-self as against a glorious Hindu past. This article does not stop with their recasting, it goes beyond into the realm of widows self-perception and self-making.
Presentation and management of mandibular anterior tooth wear
Authors: Leven A Johanna , Némat Shimal M
Published: July 2022

Mandibular anterior tooth wear, while sometimes simple to manage, can present a restorative challenge. The evidence on management of worn lower anterior teeth is limited to small case series because the majority of the literature in this field is focused on outcomes in the maxillary arch. This article discusses the presentation and available treatment techniques to manage mandibular anterior tooth wear from a summary of the existing literature and the authors' own experiences.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Mandibular anterior tooth wear can be challenging to manage.
Food and mood: healthy eating for mental health with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Jackson Helena
Published: July 2022

There is a growing interest in the connection between healthy eating, mental health (MH) chronic disease prevention. Although people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are disproportionately affected by poor MH, nutritional guidelines have traditionally focused on non-mental factors, such as physical health, disease progression and biochemical control. Dietary manipulation, through healthy eating, may influence the gut microbiome, as well as mental and kidney health; this can be achieved through the interaction between the gut microbiome, brain and kidney, as well as the body's metabolism of nutrients, such as the amino acid tryptophan. While a wide range of nutrients are implicated in brain function and health, there is little evidence to support supplementation-based treatments–other than to avoid conventional malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Whole diets such as the Mediterranean diet may benefit MH as well as reducing cardiovascular, renal and other chronic disease risk. A supportive and individualised approach to renal dietary restrictions may help to reduce the MH burden of CKD.
The elements of consent
Authors: Ellis Peter , Ellis Hannah
Published: July 2022

Peter Ellis and Hannah Ellis explore the meaning of consent in kidney care
Hydrologic Effects of Fire in a Sub-Alpine Watershed: AgES Outperforms Previous PRMS Simulations
Authors: Mankin Kyle R. , Wells Ryan , Kipka Holm , Green Timothy R. , Barnard David
Published: July 2022

Highlights

AgES and PRMS accurately simulated the dramatic change in streamflow response to precipitation after fire.

Measured annual streamflow increased by 170% in 4-year postfire period with similar precipitation.

Postfire AgES parameters were drastically reduced for snow and rain interception, canopy density, and ET.

Decreased soil depression storage and field capacity also contributed to increased streamflow in AgES.

AgES shows promise for simulating hydrologic impacts of sub-alpine forest resource management and fire response.

Abstract. Forest fires alter hydrologic responses to precipitation, and streamflow changes can be challenging to simulate. Streamflow data before and after wildfire in a 14 km2 mixed-conifer, sub-alpine watershed in south-central New Mexico were used to calibrate a watershed model (Agricultural Ecosystems Services, AgES) using four years of prefire and postfire conditions. Streamflow results and parameter values from AgES and a prior Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) modeling study in the same watershed were compared. Both AgES and PRMS simulated the dramatic change in streamflow response to precipitation after a fire, including a smaller precipitation threshold to induce streamflow. Still, AgES had substantially less bias and better performance when comparing monthly metrics. Only AgES was assessed at the daily scale. AgES simulated daily streamflow accurately throughout the study period, with slight overestimation in the prefire period (Oct 2007 to Oct 2011, 1.2% bias, 0.90 Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency [NSE]) and in the postfire period (Oct 2013 to Oct 2017, 4.4% bias, 0.54 NSE). Although each 4-year model period had nearly identical cumulative precipitation, annual streamflow increased by 170% in the postfire period compared to the prefire period. Appropriate soil and vegetation parameters were modified by the stepwise calibration process to represent the effects of fire in AgES: interception storage was decreased for rain (-99.8%) and snow (-26%), two factors influencing ET were decreased, soil depression storage was reduced (-97%), and soil field capacity was reduced (-50%). AgES demonstrated an improved streamflow simulation compared with PRMS, calibrated parameter shifts that were more consistent to interpret, and particular skill in simulating daily streamflow response to fire. Knowledge gained from this study will guide future simulations of hydrologic responses to fires in the western USA using AgES. Keywords: Agricultural Ecosystems Services model, Forest, Landscape change, Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System, Streamflow change, Surface hydrology, Wildfire.
Response of Soil and Crop to Mixed Irrigation Using Brackish and Reclaimed Water
Authors: Wang Juan
Published: July 2022

Highlights

Mixed irrigation with brackish water-reclaimed water was introduced.

IBRv2 was used to evaluate the effects of mixed irrigation on the soil–crop system.

Reclaimed water could be used as an alternative source of freshwater to mix with brackish water, and the suitable mixed proportion should be 1:1 based on IBRv2.

Abstract. To explore the reasonable utilization of brackish water in areas where freshwater is scarce, we used pot experiments to study the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil and crop yield characteristics under mixed irrigation using brackish–reclaimed water at different ratios. There were six treatments, including brackish water irrigation (T1); mixed irrigation using brackish–reclaimed water at 1:1 (T2), 1:2 (T3), and reclaimed water irrigation (T4); pots with plants irrigated with freshwater (CK2); and pots without plants irrigated with freshwater (CK1) as the control. The salinity of the brackish water was 3 g L-1 (6.1 dS m-1). The results indicated that compared to T1, with the increase in the proportion of reclaimed water in the mixture, the water and salt contents in the soil gradually decreased significantly; the K+, Ca2+, and SO42– contents demonstrated an increasing trend; the Na+, Cl–, HCO3–, and Mg2+ contents showed a descending to ascending trend; and the soil water drop penetration time decreased first and then increased slightly. At the same time, the soil organic matter displayed an opposite trend, and the chlorophyll content of leaves and crop biomass both changed with an “N”-style curve. Differences existed in the responses of soil enzyme activities to different mixed water mixtures. There was a slight decrease in the enzyme activity, except for sucrase under T2 and T3. The Integrated Biological Response Version 2 (IBRv2) scored 3.97 in T2. Therefore, considering the characteristics of the soil and crop and the limits of reclaimed water, reclaimed water could be used as an alternative source of freshwater to mix with brackish water, and the suitable mixed proportion should be 1:1 based on IBRv2. Keywords: Brackish water, IBRv2, Reclaimed water, Repellency.
Effect Of Exogenous Melatonin on the Incidence of Delirium and Its Association with Severity of Illness in Postoperative Surgical ICU Patients
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow UP, India, Gupta Kriti , Singh Vipin , Arshad, Zia , Singh G. P.
Published: July 2022

Background: Delirium is common in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients and has been documented in up to 87 percent of patients. Sleep deprivation and delirium have been associated. Alteration of melatonin production has been associated with delirium. Melatonin acts via melatonin receptors present in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and promotes sleep by attenuating the wake-promoting signal from the SCN. Objective: To determine the relationship between exogenous melatonin and the incidence of delirium and its association of with severity of illness, measured in term of APACHE II, procalcitonin level at the time of admission and daily SOFA score. Patients and Methods: Design: Randomised placebo-control study. Setting: the study was conducted in critical care setting in a tertiary level ICU. Participants: Postoperative patients age between 20-60 years who are going to be ventilated more than 48 hours without any contraindication to enteral medications. Interventions: Study group received melatonin 5 mg through the enteral route. Main outcome measures: To determine the effect of exogenous melatonin on the incidence of delirium in postoperative patients who require mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours. The secondary outcome measures are procalcitonin (PCT) value at admission and disease severity scores like APACHE II and SOFA. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in admission incidence of delirium or procalcitonin. Age was higher in those patients that developed delirium (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although the incidence of delirium is not affected by exogenous melatonin or higher APACHE scores, it had a significant correlation with higher procalcitonin, that in turn indicated an association with delirium and sepsis. It was found that there is increased risk of developing delirium with increasing age.
Improvement of neural contrast sensitivity after long-term adaptation in pseudophakic eyes
Authors: Bang Seung Pil , Aaker Justin D. , Sabesan Ramkumar , Yoon Geunyoung
Published: July 2022

An adaptive optics (AO) system was used to investigate the effect of long-term neural adaptation to the habitual optical profile on neural contrast sensitivity in pseudophakic eyes after the correction of all aberrations, defocus, and astigmatism. Pseudophakic eyes were assessed at 4 and 8 months postoperatively for changes in visual performance. Visual benefit was observed in all eyes at all spatial frequencies after AO correction. The average visual benefit across spatial frequencies was higher in the pseudophakic group (3.31) at 4 months postoperatively compared to the normal group (2.41). The average contrast sensitivity after AO correction in the pseudophakic group improved by a factor of 1.73 between 4 and 8 months postoperatively. Contrast sensitivity in pseudophakic eyes was poorer, which could be attributed to long-term adaptation to the habitual optical profiles before the cataract surgery, in conjunction with age-related vision loss. Improved visual performance in pseudophakic eyes suggests that the aged neural system can be re-adapted for altered ocular optics.
Raman spectroscopic analysis of fresh tissue samples from brain tumors
Authors: Wahl Joel , Klint Elisabeth , Hallbeck Martin , Hillman Jan , Wårdell Karin , Ramser Kerstin
Published: July 2022

We have applied a CNN to preprocess Raman spectra from fresh tissue samples from brain tumors. The neural network can handle the variations that occur naturally, which enables explorative data analysis methods such as PCA.
A smartphone-based 3D printed prototype for polarized fluorescence collection from human cervix
Authors: Shukla Shivam , Ahirwar Shikha , Pradhan Asima
Published: July 2022

A smartphone-based prototype has been demonstrated and calibrated as a tool to identify the spectral differences from fluorophores during disease progression. Polarized fluorescence is captured through smartphone camera using a 405nm laser source.
Bacterial Inactivation in Platelet Concentrates Using Ultrashort Pulsed Laser
Authors: Saiga Marin , Obara Yuki , Abe Hideki , Misawa Kazuhiko
Published: July 2022

We compared the bacterial inactivating effect of continuous light and pulsed light irradiation to develop a novel technology for safety transfusion. This experiment demonstrated that pulsed light achieved higher inactivation than continuous light.
Design and development of a photoacoustic set up for breath analysis: a preliminary study
Authors: Nidheesh V. R , Mohapatra Aswini Kumar , Unnikrishnan V. K , Sinha Rajeev Kumar , Kartha Vasudevan Baskaran , Chidangil Santhosh
Published: July 2022

Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a well-known spectroscopic method for gas detection. Exhaled breath contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as bio-markers of specific health condition. Detection and quantification of VOC bio-markers from exhaled breath can provide valuable information about the health status. We report the design and development of Photoacoustic spectroscopy setup and a preliminary study of the detection of certain standard VOCs.
Single objective tilted lightsheet for three-dimensional localization microscopy
Authors: Hung Shih-Te , Cnossen Jelmer , Fan Daniel , Smith Carlas S.
Published: July 2022

Optical sectioning technologies achieve high precision localization by reducing the background photon count. We use tilted light-sheet microscopy to achieve optical sectioning in localization microscopy, enabling thick sample observation and low background photon count images. A deformable mirror was incorporated to generate a tetrapod point spread function (PSF), enabling high resolution 3D localization. DNA-PAINT was imaged with 15 nm transverse and 60 nm axial resolution.
Plasmonic Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents for Photoacoustics: Strategies to Improve their Photostability
Authors: Cavigli Lucia , Khlebtsov Boris N. , Centi Sonia , Khlebtsov Nikolai G. , Pini Roberto , Ratto Fulvio
Published: July 2022

We present different approaches to improve the photostability of plasmonic nanoparticles, either by constraining their initial shape, or by enhancing their thermal coupling to the environment by lowering the corresponding interfacial resistance.
Fast Cardiac Imaging in Live Embryos Using Multiphoton Light-sheet Microscopy at Low Laser Repetition Rate
Authors: Maioli Vincent , Boniface Antoine , Mahou Pierre , Ortas Júlia Ferrer , Abdeladim Lamiae , Beaurepaire Emmanuel , Supatto Willy
Published: July 2022

We propose a framework to quantify photodamage in multiphoton light-sheet microscopy. Using cardiac imaging in live zebrafish embryos, we demonstrate an order of magnitude signal enhancement is safely obtained by adjusting the laser repetition rate.
Single-Shot Volumetric Imaging Using Optical Projection Tomography
Authors: Darling Connor , Davis Samuel P. X. , Kumar Sunil , French Paul M. W. , McGinty James
Published: July 2022

We present a single-shot volumetric imaging method, utilising optical projection tomography. We record projections simultaneously, implementing compressive sensing and machine learning to record up to 70 (camera limited) 1x1x1.9mm volumes/second.