bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Chatbots Using Large Language Models for Web Development Tasks
Authors: Smutny Pavel , Bojko Michal
Published: November 2024

In this study, we compare the performance of five chatbots using large language models (LLMs) in handling web development tasks. Three human testers asked each chatbot nine predefined questions related to creating a simple website with a dynamic form and database integration. The questions covered tasks such as generating a web document structure, designing a layout, creating a form, and implementing database queries. The chatbots’ outputs were ranked based on accuracy, completeness, creativity, and security. The experiment reveals that conversational chatbots are adept at managing complex tasks, while programming assistants require more precisely formulated tasks or the ability to generate new responses to address irrelevant outputs. The findings suggest that conversational chatbots are more capable of handling a broader range of web development tasks with minimal supervision, whereas programming assistants need more precise task definitions to achieve comparable results. This study contributes to understanding the strengths and limitations of various LLM-based chatbots in practical coding scenarios, offering insights for their application in web development.
Complexity of Determining the Fatigue Strength of Real Structures Under Random Vibration Conditions—Two Case Studies
Authors: Czekaj Karol , Mazurek Bartosz , Owsiński Robert , Niesłony Adam
Published: November 2024

Fatigue failure remains a major concern in the design and performance evaluation of machine components and structures as it accounts for a significant proportion of mechanical failures. This article presents a fatigue evaluation methodology based on SN (stress-cycles to failure) curves to understand and predict the fatigue behaviour of complex components under various loading conditions with widely varying device geometry and dynamics. In order to accurately interpret and utilize the SN curves, the paper outlines key factors influencing material fatigue, including stress amplitude, mean stress, stress concentration, environmental effects, and surface finish. The integration of these factors into the SN curve-based assessment is discussed to tailor fatigue evaluations to specific machine components and structures. To demonstrate the practical application of SN curves in fatigue assessment, two case studies of machine components and structures are presented. The paper ends with a summary and conclusions, the most important of which is that the greatest impact on design fatigue life consists of accurately estimated stresses resulting from the load conditions and the dynamics of the structure.
Development and Validation of Concept of Innovative Method of Computer-Aided Monitoring and Diagnostics of Machine Components
Authors: Herbuś Krzysztof , Dymarek Andrzej , Ociepka Piotr , Dzitkowski Tomasz , Grabowik Cezary , Szewerda Kamil , Białas Katarzyna , Monica Zbigniew
Published: November 2024

The monitoring and diagnostic system has been suggested as a non-destructive diagnostic method. The structure and operation of the suggested system can be described by the concept of digital shadow (DS). One of the main DS subsystems is a set of sensors properly placed on the monitored object and coupled with a discrete data processing model created in Matlab/Simulink. The discrete model, as another important DS subsystem of the monitored facility, transfers information about its technical condition to the operator based on data recorded by the sensor system. The digital monitoring model processes the recorded data in the form of the object’s response to actions caused by its operating conditions. This work formalized a mathematical model determining the coupling of the digital model with the sensors placed on the monitored object. The formulated method using DS, due to its sensitivity, enables the detection of the damage in the object at an early stage. The tests allowed for detecting the regularities enabling the determination of the area of damage to the shaft and its size.
Proteome Profiling of Cucurbita pepo Phyllosphere After Infection by Podosphaera xanthii and Application of Reynoutria sachalinensis Extract
Authors: Theologidis Ioannis , Makridakis Manousos , Termentzi Aikaterini , Baira Eirini , Zoidakis Jerome , Kizis Dimosthenis
Published: November 2024

Podosphaera xanthii is the main causal agent of powdery mildew (PM) disease for Cucurbita pepo. Disease control is attained principally by applications of chemical fungicides, along with parallel use of tolerant crop varieties and alternate application of elicitors to control development of disease resistance. To get insight into C. pepo molecular responses to P. xanthii infection and elicitor treatment we studied the proteomic profile differences at the phyllosphere of a zucchini cultivar susceptible to PM, at the onset of P. xanthii (PX) infection and after application of Reynoutria sachalinensis (RS) plant extract, respectively, using a nano-LC-HRMS/MS, Q-Exactive-Orbitrap approach. Analysis of peptide sequences regarding four treatment groups (Control; PX; RS; and RSPX (PX-infected priorly treated with RS)) resulted in 2070 CuGenDB annotations. Three comparisons (treatments vs. Control) encompassed most of the Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs). In these three comparisons, KEGG and Gene Ontology functional analyses highlighted unique differentially enriched pathways—some of which included highly expressed proteins—in PX-related (proteasome, pentose phosphate pathway, and carbon fixation), RS-related (biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, flavonoids, and starch and sucrose metabolism), and RSPX-related (pyruvate metabolism and polycomb repressive complex) comparisons, respectively, suggesting distinct mechanisms of early plant responses modulated by PX and RS. Furthermore, in four out of six comparisons the thiamine metabolism pathway was found to be enriched, suggesting a pivotal role in PX-induced responses.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Roller Hemming on Door Panel’s Curved and Straight-Edge of Flat Plane
Authors: Liu Chaohai , Lin Weimin
Published: November 2024

Owing to its enhanced production efficiency, roller hemming has become the mainstream process for forming and joining metal sheets in the automotive industry. This study investigates the roller hemming process of a specific car door panel through a combination of experimental analysis and finite element analysis (FEA) on both straight-edge and curved-edge flat surfaces. Consequently, the mechanical properties of the door panel, including tensile strength, yield strength, modulus of elasticity, and Poisson’s ratio, were estimated through tensile testing and then underwent finite element modeling. The simulation results demonstrated the varying distribution of stress during the rolling hemming process, with the highest stress concentration observed in the bending area. Additionally, creepage and growing results were acquired from both simulation and experimental data to validate the precision of the numerical model. A comparison was made between the experimental and simulation results of the external forces exerted by the roller on the panel. In both straight- and curved-edge sections, the external force during final hemming exceeded that during pre-hemming, as revealed by experimental measurements of both normal and tangential external forces, surpassing their corresponding simulated values.
Bioactive Compounds, Composition and Potential Applications of Avocado Agro-Industrial Residues: A Review
Authors: Féliz-Jiménez Alejandra , Sanchez-Rosario Ramon
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the global production and industrialization of avocados has led to the generation of large numbers of peel, seeds, and leaf by-products with significant environmental implications. Current efforts, including the Sustainable Development Goals, aim towards the development of sustainable operations through the valorization of waste. Previous research has focused on studying the rich chemical composition of these avocado by-products. Current studies are working on the isolation of polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids and other bioactive compounds found in avocado peel, seeds and leaves for applications in nutraceutical products in the food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries. The inclusion of these extracts in industrial matrices often requires stabilization technologies such as encapsulation emulsions to ensure the delivery and bioactivity of these target compounds. This review will discuss the global production volumes of avocado and its by-products as well as the potential inclusion in various industries based on their chemical compositions. Additionally, this work addresses the various applications that have been previously proposed for the wastes and their extracts. This review also covers the stabilization techniques previously employed in avocado extract treatment, their applications, and the current challenges and opportunities associated with avocado by-products.
Metabolic Periparturient Diseases in Small Ruminants: An Update
Authors: Simões João , Margatho Gisele
Published: November 2024

Metabolic diseases are significant diseases that affect the welfare, health, and production of small ruminant flocks raised for dairy and meat purposes. In breeding females, they mainly occur from six to eight weeks before and after parturition, respectively. Pregnancy toxemia and lactational ketosis are manifestations of hyperketonemia, primarily due to energetic deficit. Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia are related to the metabolic unavailability of calcium and magnesium, respectively. This review aimed to identify and discuss the current and most relevant aspects related to individual and herd health management of these interrelated metabolic diseases with impact on the sheep and goats’ farm sustainability. These diseases are primarily due to nutritional deficits, but homeostatic and homeorhetic disruptions are responsible for clinical signs and forms. Currently, their clinical diagnosis and monitoring are mainly assessed by biochemistry of body fluids and feed bromatological evaluation. Epidemiological studies and measuring risk factors also contribute to their prevention. Nevertheless, research on specific biomarkers and composite indices related to these diseases, in the context of herd health management and precision medicine, are new pathways driven to suitable and efficient animal production.
Deciphering the Driving Mechanism and Regulatory Strategies of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Transmission in Lead-Contaminated Soil Microbial Communities by Multiple Remediation Methods
Authors: Wang Yafei , Yu Hang , Meng Lingwei , Cao Yuhui , Dong Zhihao , Huang Yushan , Zhu Yimin , Ma Qiao , Liu Xiaonan , Li Wei
Published: November 2024

Pb-contaminated soil poses inherent risks for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, few reports have investigated the distribution of lead resistance genes (LRGs), particularly their role in ARGs dynamics during Pb-contaminated soil remediation. This study explored the mechanisms driving ARGs variation under different remediation strategies. The results indicated that an increase in the total abundance of ARGs after applying montmorillonite (Imvite), the composite remediation agents of MgO and Ca(H2PO4)2 (MgO-Ca(H2PO4)2), and the composite remediation agents of montmorillonite, MgO, and Ca(H2PO4)2 (Imvite-MgO-Ca(H2PO4)2). Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) effectively reduced ARGs abundance, and when combined with Imvite-MgO-Ca(H2PO4)2, lowered the risk of ARGs proliferation linked to antibiotic deactivation. Changes in Pb concentration and pH reshaped microbial communities, impacting both LRGs and ARGs. To reduce the risk of ARGs proliferation and transmission during, various control strategies, such as modifying Pb stress, adjusting pH, and manipulating microbial community structure, have been proposed. The study provided theoretical foundation and practical strategies for controlling ARGs dissemination during the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil.
Experimental Evaluation of Gas-Dynamic Conditions of Heat Exchange of Stationary Air Flows in Vertical Conical Diffuser
Authors: Plotnikov Leonid , Ershov Mikhail , Nikitin Alexander , Tuponogov Vladimir , Ryzhkov Alexander
Published: November 2024

Conical diffusers are widely used in technical devices (gasifiers, turbines, combustion chambers) and technological processes (ejectors, mixers, renewable energy). The perfection of flow gas dynamics in a conical diffuser affects the intensity of heat and mass transfer processes, the quality of mixing/separation of working media and the flow characteristics of technical devices. These parameters largely determine the efficiency and productivity of the final product. This article presents an analysis of experimental data on the gas-dynamic characteristics of stationary air flows in a vertical, conical, flat diffuser under different initial boundary conditions. An experimental setup was created, measuring instruments were selected, and an automated data collection system was developed. Basic data on the gas dynamics of air flows were obtained using the thermal anemometry method. Experimental data on instantaneous values of air flow velocity in a diffuser for initial velocities from 0.4 m/s to 2.22 m/s are presented. These data were the basis for calculating and obtaining velocity fields and turbulence intensity fields of the air flow in a vertical diffuser. It is shown that the value of the initial flow velocity at the diffuser inlet has a significant effect on the gas-dynamic characteristics. In addition, a spectral analysis of the change in air flow velocity both by height and along the diffuser axis was performed. The obtained data may be useful for refining engineering calculations, verifying mathematical models, searching for technical solutions and deepening knowledge about the features of gas dynamics of air flows in vertical diffusers.
Staging Statecraft: Dance Festivals and Cultural Representations in Konark, Odisha, India
Authors: Banerjee Mihika
Published: November 2024

This essay argues that dance festivals are choreographed spaces that shape cultural heritage. The Konark Dance Festival in Odisha, India, is an annual program situated around the Konark Sun Temple, a UNESCO-recognized World Heritage Site. The following explores the interrelationship between the modern space of the temple monument and the modern format of festival dances in Konark. The festival project juxtaposes the monument’s archaeological value with the dances’ cultural value in choreographic neatness, which requires a critical interrogation to determine the negotiations, appropriations, and discomfort these processes otherwise entail. This article also branches out into cultural discourses beyond the stated festival that examine the historical, diplomatic, and touristic networks the dance festival often encompasses. Following the creation of the modern state of Odisha (in 1936) and of the independent nation of India (in 1947), Odisha regional dance forms were remodelled to produce the state dance Odissi, which gained national “classical” recognition in the 1960s and subsequent international repute. Odissi dance has subsequently been formulated and globally circulated as an anthropomorphic symbol of the geopolitical state of Odisha. Through ethnography, visual study, and choreographic analysis, this essay explores the (re)presentational aspects of the region-state in and through dance, which rhetorically inform the staging of the Konark Dance Festival.
Enhanced Forecasting of Global Ionospheric Vertical Total Electron Content Maps Using Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Lin Yang , Fang Hanxian , Duan Die , Huang Hongtao , Xiao Chao , Ren Ganming
Published: November 2024

The ionospheric state holds significant implications for satellite navigation, radio communication, and space weather; however, precise forecasting of the ionosphere remains a formidable challenge. To improve the accuracy of traditional forecasting models, we developed an enhancement model based on the CODE and IRI forecasting methods, termed the Global Ionospheric Maps Forecast Enhancement Model (GIMs-FEM). The results indicated that by extracting the GIM features from existing forecasts and incorporating additional proxies for geomagnetic and solar activity, the GIMs-FEM provided stable and reliable forecasting outcomes. Compared to the original forecasting models, the overall model error was reduced by approximately 15–17% on the test dataset. Furthermore, we analyzed the model’s performance under different solar activity conditions and seasons. Additionally, the RMSE for the C1pg model ranged from 0.98 TECu in the solar minimum year (2019) to 6.91 TECu in the solar maximum year (2014), while the enhanced GIMs (C1pg) model ranged from 0.91 to 5.75 TECu, respectively. Under varying solar activity conditions, the RMSE of GIMs-FEM for C1pg (C2pg) ranged from 0.98 to 6.91 TECu (0.96 to 7.26 TECu). Seasonally, the GIMs-FEM model performed best in the summer, with the lowest RMSE of 1.9 TECu, and showed the highest error in the autumn, with an RMSE of 2.52 TECu.
Impact of Ambient Air Pollution with PM2.5 on Stroke Occurrence: Data from Kaunas (Lithuania) Stroke Register (2010–2022)
Authors: Ustinaviciene Ruta , Venclovienė Jone , Luksiene Dalia , Tamosiunas Abdonas , Jasukaitiene Erika , Augustis Sarunas , Vaiciulis Vidmantas , Kaliniene Gintarė , Radisauskas Ricardas
Published: November 2024

Background: Ambient particulate matter of ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) is named as a risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases. This investigation aimed to evaluate the impact of ambient air pollution with PM2.5 on stroke occurrence. Methods: The study was performed in Kaunas, Lithuania, from 2010 to 2022. The daily numbers of ISs, subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs), and intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) were obtained from the Kaunas Stroke Register. The association between stroke occurrence and PM2.5 exposure was assessed by time- and seasonally stratified Poisson regression. Results: Among middle-aged persons, 3377 had a stroke, of which 2686 (79.5%) had an IS, 469 (13.9%) had an ICH, and 222 (6.6%) had SAH. The relative risk (RR) of SAH was increased by 1.7% with an increase in daily PM2.5 by 1 μg/m3 on the same day and at a lag of 1 day, and by 2.2% with an increase in mean PM2.5 concentration at a lag 0–1 days by 1 μg/m3. The RR of having a SAH was increased by 0.7% with an increase in daily PM2.5 by 1 μg/m3 on the same day. Conclusions: Significant associations between stroke occurrence and air pollution with PM2.5 were found in the SAH and HS patients, and only in middle-aged subjects.
Levodopa Impairs Lysosomal Function in Sensory Neurons In Vitro
Authors: Olaoye Oyedele J. , Aksoy Asya Esin , Hyytiäinen Santeri V. , Narits Aia A. , Hickey Miriam A.
Published: November 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Patients are diagnosed based upon movement disorders, including bradykinesia, tremor and stiffness of movement. However, non-motor signs, including constipation, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, smell deficits and pain are well recognized. Peripheral neuropathy is also increasingly recognized, as the vast majority of patients show reduced intraepidermal nerve fibers, and sensory nerve conduction and sensory function is also impaired. Many case studies in the literature show that high-dose levodopa may induce or exacerbate neuropathy in PD, which is thought to involve levodopa’s metabolism to homocysteine. Here, we treated primary cultures of dorsal root ganglia and a sensory neuronal cell line with levodopa to examine effects on cell morphology, mitochondrial content and physiology, and lysosomal function. High-dose levodopa reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. At concentrations observed in the patient, levodopa enhanced immunoreactivity to beta III tubulin. Critically, levodopa reduced lysosomal content and also reduced the proportion of lysosomes that were acidic, thereby impairing their function, whereas homocysteine tended to increase lysosome content. Levodopa is a critically important drug for the treatment of PD. However, our data suggest that at concentrations observed in the patient, it has deleterious effects on sensory neurons that are not related to homocysteine.
Immune Suppression and Rapid Invasion of Nile Tilapia Gills Following an Acute Challenge by Flavobacterium davisii
Authors: Xu Yingxuan , Wang Shifeng , Zhou Yongcan , Xie Zhenyu , Wang Bei , Zhao Zhangding , Cai Wenlong , Wang Peibo , Guo Weiliang , Zhang Dongdong , Ye Zhi
Published: November 2024

Flavobacterium davisii is one of the causative agents of columnaris disease, significantly impacting Nile tilapia aquaculture. This study examines the invasion and immune evasion mechanisms of a highly virulent F. davisii strain through transcriptomic profiling of tilapia gills following acute immersion. We identified 8192 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 2 h, 6 h, and 12 h post-infection. They are enriched in pathways related to oxidative stress, immune suppression, tissue necrosis, and bacterial infection. Notably, early overexpression of rhamnose-binding lectin and mucin genes facilitated bacterial adhesion. Key immune genes, including those encoding major histocompatibility complex (MHC), immunoglobulins (Ig), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and chemokines, were downregulated, indicating immune suppression. Conversely, immune evasion genes such as Fc receptor-like (FcRL) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1) were upregulated, along with genes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to increased tissue damage. Additionally, the upregulation of fibroblast growth factor and collagen genes suggested active tissue repair. In conclusion, F. davisii rapidly invades its host by enhancing adhesion to gill tissues, suppressing immune function, and inducing tissue damage. These findings enhance our understanding of F. davisii infection mechanisms and support the future breeding of disease-resistant tilapia and the development of sustainable control strategies.
Progression of the Immune Escape Mechanism in Tumors
Authors: Spada Sheila , Mukherjee Sumit
Published: November 2024

There exists a long-standing research interest to understand the molecular and signaling interactions between tumor cells and the innate and adaptive immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, NK cells, and B and T cells that occur in the tumor microenvironment (TME) [...]
Erythrocytic α-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy—A Pilot Study
Authors: Cristiani Costanza Maria , Scaramuzzino Luana , Parrotta Elvira Immacolata , Cuda Giovanni , Quattrone Aldo , Quattrone Andrea
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The current research examines the accuracy of α-synuclein in RBCs as a diagnostic biomarker for PD and PSP, despite their distinct molecular etiologies. Methods: We used ELISA to measure total, oligomeric, and p129-α-synuclein levels in erythrocytes from 8 PSP patients, 19 PD patients, and 18 healthy controls (HCs). The classification performances of RBC α-synuclein levels were investigated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. We also evaluated a possible correlation between RBC α-synuclein level and the biological and clinical features of our cohorts. Results: RBC total α-synuclein was higher in PSP patients compared to both PD patients and HCs, achieving good classification performance (AUC: 0.853) in distinguishing PSP patients from PD patients, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 70.6%; moreover, the levels of this biomarker positively correlated with disease severity in PSP group. Regarding oligomeric α-synuclein and p129-α-synuclein, the latter was slightly increased in RBCs from PSP patients compared to HCs, but no correlations were detected. Conclusions: Although these findings need to be confirmed in larger studies, our pilot work suggests that RBC total α-synuclein may represent a potential molecular biomarker for the differential diagnosis and clinical staging of PSP.
Mammalian Ste-20-like Kinase 1/2 (MST1/2) Inhibitor XMU-MP-1: A Potential Compound to Improve Spermatogenesis in Mouse Model of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Amanda Bella , Faizah Zakiyatul , Pakpahan Cennikon , Aziz M. Aminudin , Hamidah Berliana , Ashari Faisal Yusuf , Oceandy Delvac
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Spermatogenesis is a key process in male reproduction that, if it does not happen correctly, can lead to infertility, with diabetes being one of the most prevalent causes of spermatogenesis disruption. Currently, there is a lack of research examining the potential benefits of targeting cell proliferation to enhance spermatogenesis in this condition. XMU-MP1 has been identified as an inhibitor of MST1, a core component of the Hippo pathway, which is anticipated to promote proliferation and regeneration. This study aims to evaluate the effects of XMU-MP1 treatment on sperm and testicular characteristics in mice. Methods: We used the STZ-induced diabetic mouse model to investigate the impact of administering XMU-MP1 on testicular tissue and sperm parameters. This study compared the seminiferous tubules, specifically focusing on the diameter of the seminiferous tubule, the thickness of the seminiferous tubule epithelium, the ratio of the thickness of the seminiferous tubule epithelium to the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, and the lumen diameter of the seminiferous tubules. We also conducted a comparison of sperm parameters, including sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, total motility, and morphology. Results: XMU-MP1-treated mice had a larger spermatogenesis area and better sperm motility than control mice. Diabetic mice treated with XMU-MP1 also showed a trend toward improvements in the spermatogenesis area, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and sperm morphology, although these improvements were not statistically significant. Conclusions: XMU-MP1 serves as a potential compound to improve spermatogenesis in mice.
A Three-Month Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Adjunctive Non-Surgical Therapy for Periodontitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Olszewska-Czyz Iwona , Michalak Ewa , Dudzik Agata
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Conventional periodontal treatment for patients with diabetes has shown promising results, primarily focusing on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels as an endpoint measure. The properties of hyaluronic acid (HA) have been harnessed in various periodontal therapies, and it is a promising agent also in a non-surgical approach. The aim of this clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of hyaluronic acid in a local adjunctive non-surgical treatment for periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Eighty adult participants with well-controlled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 7% (53 mmol/mol) or less) took part in the trial. The clinical parameters of periodontitis as well as the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were evaluated, and an analysis of the potential differences between the control (placebo) and intervention (HA) groups was performed. Results/Conclusions: A decrease in all the clinical values of periodontitis after treatment was observed in the vast majority of patients in both groups. Differences in the clinical parameters were observed 12 weeks after the intervention between the patients in the placebo and HA therapy groups. Bleeding on probing (BoP) was reduced in the control group to 15–25% and was approximately 5.5% more in the intervention group (9.5–18.25%). The clinical attachment level (CAL) decreased 1 mm more in the HA therapy group (1–2 mm) than in the no adjunctive treatment group (2–3 mm). The probing depth (PD) was reduced similarly in both groups (3–3.75 mm). Due to the bilateral relationship between diabetes and periodontitis, healthcare professionals seek advancements in managing periodontal inflammation. The results of this study indicate that non-surgical periodontal treatment with HA as an adjunctive agent is worth considering in the therapy for patients with diabetes.
A Prospective Cohort Study on the Effects of Repeated Acute Stress on Cortisol Awakening Response and Immune Function in Military Medical Students
Authors: Propp Madison A. , Paz Dean , Makhkamov Sukhrob , Payton Mark E. , Choudhury Qamrul , Nutter Melodie , Ryznar Rebecca
Published: November 2024

Background: The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a pivotal component of the body’s stress response, yet its dynamics under repeated acute stress and its interplay with immune biomarkers remain inadequately understood. Methods: This study examined 80 second-year military medical students undergoing a 5-day intensive surgical simulation designed to elicit stress responses. Salivary samples were collected daily upon waking and 30 min thereafter to measure cortisol and a panel of cytokines using bead-based multiplex ELISA. Results: Analysis revealed a significant blunting of the CAR on the third day of training (p = 0.00006), followed by a recovery on the fourth day (p = 0.0005). Concurrently, specific cytokines such as CXCL1 (r = 0.2, p = 0.0005), IL-6 (r = 0.13, p = 0.02), IL-10 (r = 0.14, p = 0.02), and VEGF-A (r = 0.17, p = 0.003) displayed patterns correlating with the CAR, with increased strength of associations observed when assessing cytokine levels against the CAR of the preceding day (CXCL1 r = 0.41, p = 0.0002. IL-6 r = 0.38, p = 0.0006. IL-10 r = 0.3, p = 0.008. VEGF-A r = 0.41, p = 0.0002). Conclusions: These results suggest a temporal relationship between stress-induced cortisol dynamics and immune regulation. The CAR pattern demonstrated in this study may represent induction of and recovery from psychological burnout. Moreover, the observed cytokine associations provide insight into the mechanisms by which stress can influence immune function. The results may have broader implications for managing stress in high-performance environments, such as military and medical professions, and for identifying individuals at risk of stress-related immune suppression.
The Impact of Inflammatory Markers and Obesity in Chronic Venous Disease
Authors: Petrascu Flavia-Medana , Matei Sergiu-Ciprian , Margan Mădălin-Marius , Ungureanu Ana-Maria , Olteanu Gheorghe-Emilian , Murariu Marius-Sorin , Olariu Sorin , Marian Catalin
Published: November 2024

Background: Chronic venous disease (CVD) represents a significant health challenge, particularly in obese individuals. This study focuses on the interplay between inflammation, obesity, and CVD, by analyzing the role of inflammatory markers in the disease progression. Methods: Clinical and paraclinical data of 619 patients hospitalized and treated in the Phlebology Department (1stSurgical Department, “Pius Brînzeu” Emergency County Hospital Timișoara, Romania) between 2018 and 2024 were analyzed. Results: The statistical analysis revealed that age, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were key predictors of CVD progression. Specifically, elevated CRP and fibrinogen levels correlated strongly with increased CVD severity, particularly in patients with higher body-mass index (BMI). BMI, while not an independent predictor, contributed indirectly to the disease severity through its association with these inflammatory markers. The logistic regression model incorporating age, BMI, CRP, fibrinogen, and ANC demonstrated a high predictive accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.902, highlighting the models reliability in stratifying patients at risk for severe CVD. Conclusions: This predictive model not only aids in identifying high-risk patients but also reinforces inflammation as a critical therapeutic target in CVD management.
The Evolutionary and Developmental Pathways of Obsessive Compulsive Rituals in Psychopathology
Authors: Tonna Matteo
Published: November 2024

In this Special Issue, we promote a strictly dimensional approach to shed light on the clinical and developmental significance of Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms (OCS) across psychopathology [...]
Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairments (CRCIs) in Non-Central Nervous System Adult Patients: Outcome Measures and Methodology of Assessment: A Literature Review
Authors: Pace Andrea , Tanzilli Antonio , Marchioni Enrico , Pellerino Alessia , Tralongo Antonino Carmelo , Bini Paola , Tralongo Paolo , Cappa Stefano Francesco
Published: November 2024

Background: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) represents one of the most common and debilitating effects in patients surviving after cancer treatments. Neurocognitive deficits are important causes of disability and burden in cancer survivors. The true magnitude of CRCI is difficult to define due to significant heterogeneity of literature data. At present, there is no agreement on the gold standard for detection and grading of CRCI in clinical trials, and there is a lack of clear knowledge of its pathophysiology. Objectives: In this review, we aim to discuss some perspectives for future research to pursue in order to cover the gaps in knowledge in the CRCI field. Methods: We focused our literature research on the following relevant issues: neuroradiological correlates of CRCI; objective neuropsychological evaluation and subjective complaint assessment and their correlation with objective measures; timing of assessment; and possible treatments. Results: The correct methodology for evaluating cognitive deficits induced by anti-tumor treatments still requires a definition based on quality scientific evidence, and literature data are currently scarce. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for further research to understand the causes and consequences of cancer-related cognitive impairment using standardized and sensitive measures of cognitive functions and the long-term effects of chemotherapy on cognitive functions and to develop effective interventions.
Neurobiology Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Lietzau Grażyna
Published: November 2024

The aim of the following Special Issue was to call for research in the field of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) [...]
Understanding Fatigue, Insomnia, and COVID-19 PTSS Among Mainland Chinese During Initial Post-Zero-COVID Infection Wave: A Multi-Group Analysis
Authors: Wang Shuo , Xu Yuanyuan , Jülich Simon Theodor , Weng Linman , Jin Qiao , Wei Yuxian , Lei Xu
Published: November 2024

In early 2023, China experienced its first widespread COVID-19 outbreak after a policy shift. This study examines the relationship between fatigue and COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in infected and uninfected individuals, exploring the potential mediating role of insomnia symptoms. An online survey of 5953 Chinese participants was conducted from 10 to 16 January 2023. Participants reported their COVID-19 infection status, fatigue, insomnia symptoms, and PTSS. Multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test whether the mediation paths differed between infected and uninfected groups. The prevalence of fatigue, insomnia symptoms, and COVID-19 PTSS were 30.0%, 36.4%, and 5.8%. The SEM based on the bootstrapping showed that after controlling for demographics, chronic fatigue positively associated with COVID-19 PTSS in a significant way, with insomnia symptoms playing a mediating role. The multi-group analyses further revealed a partial mediation effect of insomnia symptoms on the relationship between fatigue and COVID-19 PTSS in the uninfected group (UG). However, for the infected group (IG), insomnia symptoms fully mediated the relationship between fatigue and COVID-19 PTSS. Infected individuals were more subject to the aforementioned mechanism than uninfected individuals. Addressing chronic fatigue, insomnia, and developing targeted interventions are crucial for supporting mental health across different infection statuses.
Self vs. Other in Affective Forecasting: The Role of Psychological Distance and Decision from Experience
Authors: Barkan Rachel
Published: November 2024

This work tests self–other differences in the impact bias using the perspectives of psychological distance and decision from description vs. experience. Two studies compared the bias participants made for themselves and for others in a sequential gambling task. The task involved two identical gambles where the first gamble was mandatory and participants made decisions (accept or reject) for the second gamble. Planned decisions were made anticipating a gain or loss in the first gamble, and revised decisions were made following the actual experience of gain or loss. Study 1 compared decisions for self, abstract other, and a close friend. Study 2 replicated the comparison between the self and a close friend and added a measure of empathy. Both studies demonstrated an impact bias indicating that participants tended to overestimate the impact of anticipated outcomes on their tendency towards risk. Specifically, revised decisions indicated risk-aversion shifts after experienced gain and risk-seeking shifts after experienced loss. A reversed pattern emerged for close friends, indicating risky shifts after gain and cautious shifts after loss in Study 1 and for highly empathetic participants in Study 2. Assessing the utility functions that underlie participants’ decisions revealed a qualitative difference. The utility function for the self was consistent with prospect theory (with moderate intensity and diminishing sensitivity), while the utility function for others was more intense with little or no diminishing sensitivity. This research offers new insights regarding the roles of psychological distance and description vs. experience in affective forecasting and impact bias for self vs. other.
Effect of High-Speed Friction Treatment with Fluorine Components on the Changes in Spruce Surface Properties
Authors: Iida Ryuichi , Ohtani Tadashi , Yurikusa Mizuki
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the effects of adding fluorine components to a new wood surface treatment technology called high-speed friction (hereinafter, “HSF”), which rubs wood surfaces at high speeds with a smooth metal surface. The changes in the color, surface roughness, and water contact angle of the spruce surface were evaluated. HSF treatment was performed using a stainless-steel tool coated with polytetrafluoroethylene and an uncoated tool. In addition, fluorinated oil was added as a pretreatment for HSF. The results showed that the spruce surface became darker in color when subjected to HSF. In particular, the brightness of the spruce surface was significantly reduced when rubbed with the uncoated tool. However, the addition of fluorine components to the tool surface and pretreatment suppressed blackening. Surface roughness decreased after HSF treatment; in particular, a smoother wood surface could be formed under the conditions in which fluorine components were added to the tool and wood surface. The contact angle on the spruce surface after HSF treatment improved compared to that without treatment, and it was found that a water-repellent surface with a maximum contact angle of 110° could be formed after HSF treatment with the addition of fluorine components to the tool and wood surface.
Research on the Theoretical Models of FRP-Confined Gangue Aggregate Concrete Partially Filled Steel Tube Columns
Authors: Wang Jian , Xia Junwu , Sun Chuanzhi , Cheng Jinsheng , Zhou Shengbo , Deng Jibing
Published: November 2024

FRP-confined gangue aggregate concrete partially filled steel tubes (CGCPFTs) can not only effectively enhance the performance of coal gangue concrete, but also fully exploit the elastic-plastic mechanical behavior of the steel tubes. However, research on theoretical models that can describe their mechanical properties is yet to be conducted. To fill this gap, theoretical models for structural design and analysis were proposed for CGCPFTs. For the analytical model, based on the available experimental data, a prediction method for the stress–strain behavior of the gangue aggregate concrete in CGCPFTs, which is confined only by FRP and partly confined by both FRP and the steel tubes, was first proposed. Additionally, the condition for the synergetic deformation of the two confined states of gangue aggregate concrete within the CGCPFT was proposed. Based on the condition, an iterative incremental process was developed which subsequently allows for the theoretical calculation of the load–displacement curve for the CGCPFT under monotonic axial compression. For the design model, by introducing the constraint contribution coefficient of the steel tube, the existing closed-loop calculation formula for the stress–strain relationship of FRP-confined concrete was revised. Furthermore, by expressing the axial and lateral stresses of the steel tube as a unified circumferential effect on the concrete, the calculation methods for the ultimate strength and strain in the closed-loop formula were redefined, thus achieving the prediction of the stress–strain behavior of CGCPFTs. The comparison with the test data obtained by the author and their team revealed that both the analysis and design models could provide accurate predictions.
Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) Through Silica Sand Replacement with Steel Slag
Authors: Bahmani Hadi , Mostafaei Hasan , Santos Paulo , Fallah Chamasemani Niyousha
Published: November 2024

In modern construction, increasing the sustainability of materials without sacrificing performance is crucial. Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) is known for its exceptional strength and durability. However, incorporating waste and optimizing the mix is still a key focus. The main goal of this article is to evaluate the enhancement of the mechanical properties of UHPC by replacing silica sand with steel slag at various percentages (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). With this purpose, we measured the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths, as well as relative density and water absorption. It was found that the best mechanical performance of UHPC occurs at 50% replacement, exhibiting a maximum compressive strength of 126 MPa (+13.5%), a bending strength of 11.6 MPa (+20.8%), and a tensile strength of 7.2 MPa (+6.5%). Moreover, for the same steel slag replacement, 5.1% decrease in the CO2 eq. emissions was found. However, exceeding the 50% threshold led to a deterioration of UHPC’s mechanical properties, and the SEM images revealed that this was mainly caused by the weakened bond between the cement matrix and the aggregates. Thus, it was concluded that the use of steel slag may significantly improve the structural integrity of UHPC when the adequate replacement percentage is adopted (around 50%), being a viable alternative to traditional aggregates that also has environmental advantages (e.g., reduced carbon emissions).
The Changing Roles of the Building Guild in Construction, Maintenance, and Conservation of Earth Buildings: A Case Study
Authors: Shittu Theophilus A.
Published: November 2024

A guild is an association of artisans or merchants that oversee their craft or trade within a particular territory. In many cultures, building guilds have played a major role in the realisation and maintenance of earth buildings, as well as in the standardisation and dissemination of skills in the building trade. Zaria, in northern Nigeria, is one such traditional settlement where an earth building guild (magina) once played these key roles. Although the guild still exists and traditional titles are still bestowed to members of the guild, its role has changed significantly. Causes for this change are multifaceted but related, as identified during the fieldwork. The aim of this article is to present findings on the changing roles of the earth building guild (magina) in Zaria and how this change is affecting both the practice of earthen architecture and conservation of earth buildings in the city. This study began in 2021 whilst working on a conservation of earth building in Zaria, which involved the engagement of traditional builders (magina) from Zaria, led by Katukan Magina (deputy chief builder) and a member of the earth building guild from Djenne, Mali (Boubacar Kouroumanse). A deeper interest in the Zaria building guild ensued, which led to the further research presented in this article. The review of the existing literature provided a historical background to the Zaria building guild (magina). A comparative analysis of the literature and data generated from interviews and condition surveys were use for the identification of the changes that occur over time. Similarly, a proposal for positive change within the building guild was proposed using an example of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Predictors and Profile of Severe Infectious Complications in Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with Daratumumab-Based Regimens: A Machine Learning Model for Pneumonia Risk
Authors: Mikulski Damian , Kędzior Marcin Kamil , Mirocha Grzegorz , Jerzmanowska-Piechota Katarzyna , Witas Żaneta , Woźniak Łukasz , Pawlak Magdalena , Kościelny Kacper , Kośny Michał , Robak Paweł , Gołos Aleksandra , Robak Tadeusz , Fendler Wojciech , Góra-Tybor Joanna
Published: November 2024

Background: Daratumumab (Dara) is the first monoclonal antibody introduced into clinical practice to treat multiple myeloma (MM). It currently forms the backbone of therapy regimens in both newly diagnosed (ND) and relapsed/refractory (RR) patients. However, previous reports indicated an increased risk of infectious complications (ICs) during Dara-based treatment. In this study, we aimed to determine the profile of ICs in MM patients treated with Dara-based regimens and establish predictors of their occurrence. Methods: This retrospective, real-life study included MM patients treated with Dara-based regimens between July 2019 and March 2024 at our institution. Infectious events were evaluated using the Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Results: The study group consisted of a total of 139 patients, including 49 NDMM and 90 RRMM. In the RR setting, the majority (60.0%) of patients received the Dara, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (DVd) regimen, whereas ND patients were predominantly (98%) treated with the Dara, bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (DVTd) regimen. Overall, 55 patients (39.6%) experienced ICs. The most common IC was pneumonia (37.5%), followed by upper respiratory tract infections (26.8%). Finally, twenty-five patients had severe ICs (grade ≥ 3) and required hospitalization, and eight patients died due to ICs. In the final multivariable model adjusted for setting (ND/RR) and age, hemoglobin level (OR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96, p = 0.0037), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) >1 (OR 4.46, 95% CI: 1.63–12.26, p = 0.0037) were significant factors influencing severe IC occurrence. Additionally, we developed predictive models using the J48 decision tree, gradient boosting, and random forest algorithms. After conducting 10-fold cross-validation, these models demonstrated strong performance in predicting the occurrence of pneumonia during treatment with daratumumab-based regimens. Conclusions: Simple clinical and laboratory assessments, including hemoglobin level and ECOG scale, can be valuable in identifying patients vulnerable to infections during Dara-based regimens, facilitating personalized prophylactic strategies.