bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educación inclusiva e intercultural en la práctica educativa.
Authors: Aguilar Bobadilla Mariana del Rocío
Published: July 2021

Resumen

La concepción de la educación tiene implicaciones en la definición y gestión de la política educativa así como la propia dinámica de la institución escolar en la definición de sus procesos y la función de los actores educativos; en particular la responsabilidad social y política que recae en el docente. El propósito de esta disertación es documentar y analizar la práctica docente propia con base en el acompañamiento en el desarrollo de los proyectos de investigación que sustentan las tesis, en el caso particular, de estudiantes de la Maestría en Educación Básica (meb) con especialidad en Pedagogía de la Diferencia y la Interculturalida en la Unidad 096 CDMX Norte de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. La asesoría es el acompañamiento en el desarrollo de los proyectos de investigación, considera la práctica docente propia como objeto de conocimiento y vínculo entre el trabajo académico con los procesos de aprendizaje en el aula; ésta se documentó en registros de observación. Para la comprensión del hecho educativo, en su fenomenología mediante una perspectiva interdisciplinar, permite recuperar la discusión que los docentes realizan, inicialmente, la conceptualización de las categorías de análisis que explican los fenómenos que vive la sociedad actual y tienen implicaciones en la escuela y, posteriormente, hacer la revisión y análisis de los planes de estudio, que son la base para la implementación de los mismos; en la orientación de la práctica docente propia situada hacia una educación intercultural e incluyente para y en la convivencia.
THE ISLAMIC VS CONVENTIONAL BANKS: AN EVIDENCE ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saqib , Munir Shaheera , Mujtaba Ammara
Published: July 2021

This paper highlights how financial and conventional bank system contribute to economic growth. As the Islamic banking system is grounded on shariah’s laws and Usury/RIBA (interest) are prohibited in Islam so there will be no tax shield in this banking system and they have to pay more tax as compared to the conventional banking system. By analyzing their performance and using the gross value-added contribution of both banking systems was observed. Six banks are selected for this purpose of which 3 Islamic banks i.e. Dubai. It is quantitative research so different ratios are used to examine both banking system performance and gross value added to give us information that to what extend both banking systems are contributing to the economy. In an examination, it has been exposed that both banking systems are conducive much to economy as conventional banks are developed their infrastructure is bigger than Islamic banks where Islamic banks just start near past a few years back.
THE EFFECTS OF COACHING BEHAVIOR ON THE EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCE OF ATHLETE’S
Authors: Khan Habib Ullah , Khan Alia , Iftikhar Sundus
Published: July 2021

This study was arranged to explore the Effects of coaching behavior upon athlete performance. There were 156 Athletes selected for a sample through non-probability convenient sampling technique and used survey research design. A Coaching Behavior Scale for the sport, (CBS-S, Mallet, 2006) was administered to collect data and data was analyzed using SPSS-17. The result of the study indicated that coaching behavior affect athlete performance with all dimensions of the coaching behavior scale is significantly. This study concluded that athlete increase performance physical training and training 46.4%, mental preparation 53.6%, technical skills 54.5% and goal setting 44.6% with positive coaching behaviors. Keep in sight the result of this study, it is consigned those higher authorities may focus or promote supportive climate to coach to enhance the athlete performance. The study provides the significant information in facilitating the decision making about the effective behavior of the Athletes.
ROLE OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT BASED FACTORS ENHANCE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE IN EDUCATION
Authors: Manzoor Mehwish , Ahmad Fazal , khan Muhammad Asghar
Published: July 2021

The current study was carried out to identify role of education department-based factors enhance secondary school student’s achievement in education. Cross-sectional survey research under the umbrella of descriptive research of quantitative approach was carried out. With the help of a two-stage random sampling technique, sampling was selected. A questionnaire-based on two sections demographic and 3 factors (teaching methodologies, the working routine of teachers, and resources) were comprised of 5-point likert scale developed by researcher. The findings of this study helped the researcher to conclude that students are agreed that they have sufficient resources in their school as its mean value is highest among factors and students achieve satisfactory marks in education and there is positive as well as significant but week correlation between these two variables which highlighted there is the Education who are learning in 10th grade at secondary schools of district Sialkot. There results provide a guideline to policy makers to update policies regraded curriculum implementation, at school level regularly by keeping in mind the student’s needs, potential, and requirements of the present tenure in particular context.
Entrevista a Fernando Simón, Director del Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias, Gobierno de España
Authors: Núñez De Prado Clavell Sara
Published: July 2021

La directora editorial de Studia Humanitatis Journal entrevista a Fernando Simón. Epidemiólogo, médico cooperante durante muchos años y ahora director del Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias del Ministerio de Sanidad. Ha sido y es la cara más visible del COVID-19 durante este año y medio largo de pandemia. Un hombre que cree en lo que hace y que, aunque no lo diga expresamente, tiene una clara vocación de servir a los demás y ha evidenciado estar dispuesto a pagar el precio de ese servicio sacrificando su propia realidad cotidiana. Siempre en el foco mediático y en el ojo del huracán político, porque “me ha tocado hacerlo y lo que no puede ser es que a mitad de camino te quites de en medio
An Detailed review on Applications of Smart Materials in Structural Engineering
Authors: Mangalika Udula
Published: July 2021

Smart structural materials are a fundamental aspect that requires critical analysis in in structural engineering. This research contribution considers two vital crystal structures: Martensite and Austenite with their characteristic variations under different temperatures. From this research, it is seen the smart materials presents two vital features, which are distinguished from typical steels. The first one is the memory shape and the second one is super-elasticity. All of these properties can suit various applications in structural engineering e.g. dual actuators, self-rehabilitation and pre-stress bars. This research is purposed at analyzing the applications of smart materials in the field of structural engineering through the focus of relevant literature reviews, typical collection of data and major mechanic elements of smart materials. In axial tension evaluation, the curve for force and extension and the strain and stress curves of super-elasticity and Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) materials have been considered. The beam experiment with the superelasticity materials considered as the bars for reinforcement has been considered as well. This contribution provides the initial step of evaluation of the wide-range application of smart materials in the field of structural engineering.
Review of Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robotic Systems and Potential Industry Problems
Authors: Nderitu John Huria
Published: July 2021

Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robotic (MSRR) schemes are a vital remedy for the developing demand in consumer products, automations and space exploration. The wider factor of usage and self-healing capacity are some of the influencing characteristics of robot for actual-wide application whereas segmental robotics provide an effective remedy with respect to traditional robotics. Researchers have now noted different forms of application and prototyped different systems of robotics whereas concentrating on constraints such as homogeneity, configurability, energy consumption and form factor. Diversified condition of various segmental robotic remedies projected for actual-world application and usage of various actuators and sensors interfacing methods alongside physical optimization of models present potential problems whereas visualizing and identifying the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to remedies. This research reviews the various self-reconfigurable robotic schemes with a brief overview of history and architecture of the robotic schemes. Later in this contribution, the problems in the design of hardware, control and planning algorithms, mixed hardware and software problems and in its application problems that are underway are critically evaluated with respect to modular self-reconfigurable robotics.
Bioengineering and Hydromechanics of Flora in Stabilization of Slopes
Authors: Wang LYingluo
Published: July 2021

This paper focusses on the hydromechanics of flora in the stabilization of soils. Slopes in rocks and soils are founding in physical and manmade conditions. Stockpiles, canals, levee, dams and highways are structured through the slopping of lateral faces in soils since a slope is typically cost effective compared to structuring walls. Physical forces e.g. water and winds transform the earth’s topography and other planets, typically forming unstabilized slopes. Flora is considered one of the initiatives considered in the control and prevention of landslides that are shallow and ones occurring during rainy seasons. Vegetation application for the stabilization of slopes is identified as soil bioengineering. Knowledge of flora contribution, in this paper, will be reflected on a case area of Kedah (Northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia). The aspect of bioengineering i.e. mechanical and hydrological aspects will be applied. The effects of hydromechanical of flora on the stability of slopes are to minimize the content of soil water through evapotranspiration, interception and transpiration. Mechanical implication of flora on slope stabilization is to stabilize slopes to reinforce it mechanically.
Análise de dois programas (UFPR e USP) de formação de estudantes de francês com objetivos universitários (FOU): Concepções, conteúdos e modalidades
Authors: Picanço Deise Cristina de Lima , Stemberg Paula Tatyane Cardozo
Published: July 2021

A partir do contexto vivenciado entre os anos de 2009 e 2012 na Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), objetiva-se neste artigo compreender de que formas os cursos de língua francesa ministrados no Projeto Formação em Línguas para Fins Acadêmicos (IFA) contemplavam as expectativas de outros cursos identificados como Francês com Objetivos Universitários (FOU). Inicialmente identificam-se duas grandes tendências nesse movimento, que orientam o ensino de línguas a partir das necessidades de interações socioverbais dos aprendizes, por meio do ensino de LE que privilegia determinadas habilidades comunicativas e/ou determinados contextos de interação. Em seguida, analisam-se os programas de duas propostas de curso, nessa modalidade, oferecidos em duas universidades brasileiras entre os anos de 2011 e 2012: Formação em Francês para fins acadêmicos, na UFPR, e Francês para Objetivo Universitário, na USP. Em considerações finais relata-se a importância de cursos voltados especificamente ao público universitário e a singularidade dos cursos de FOU no âmbito do IFA, que já era evidente naquele período.
Espanhol como língua estrangeira em tempos de pandemia: Atividades síncronas que apenas o ensino remoto proporciona
Authors: Eugenio Tuanny , Pizza Fernanda Rocha
Published: July 2021

Em 2020, a pandemia do Covid-19 atingiu todo o planeta e modificou completamente as formas de interação social. Diversos setores foram comprometidos, assim como a Educação, e todos precisaram se adaptar. Portanto, no momento atual, a reinvenção e a (re)aprendizagem são essenciais para que se possa construir novas alternativas de ensino, e no FIVU-UFPR (Formação em Idiomas para a Vida Universitária — Universidade Federal do Paraná) não foi diferente. Pensando nisso, o projeto abriu espaço para estudantes do curso de Letras da UFPR desenvolverem seus estágios obrigatórios com a criação de um curso montado integralmente no formato online para estudantes da pós-graduação em Educação. Porém, pensando em tornar as aulas mais atrativas e dinâmicas, metodologias, atividades e interações tiveram que ser adaptadas. Sendo assim, além do aprimoramento como professores, através desse estágio obrigatório, houve a oportunidade de aprender mais sobre a área tecnológica. Por integrarmos a equipe de professores em formação nesse projeto, apresentamos, neste artigo, alguns exemplos de atividades que foram pensadas para essa nova modalidade de ensino e que tiveram um resultado positivo no processo de ensino/aprendizagem.
Movimento Cartonero visto sob uma concepção de língua sociointeracionista: Trajetos latino-americanos e autoria no ensino de espanhol
Authors: Lopes Fernanda Cristina , Pimentel Palacio Garcia Sarah
Published: July 2021

Considerando a importância da defesa do ensino de espanhol em sala de aula, o projeto Formação em Línguas para Fins Acadêmicos (IFA) — que, desde 2019, chama-se Formação em Idiomas para a Vida Universitária (FIVU) —, contribui para a formação inicial de docentes em língua espanhola. Este artigo visa analisar a proposta de trabalho com livros cartoneros, levada a cabo em 2017 pelas autoras, professoras em formação e bolsistas do supracitado projeto de extensão, e discutir sua relevância dentro dos horizontes teórico-metodológicos do IFA e do ensino de espanhol. O encaminhamento da atividade priorizou dois momentos: a construção conjunta de compreensões acerca do movimento cartonero, iniciado na Argentina em 2002, e a produção, por parte dos alunos, de livros cartoneros a partir do gênero biografia. Para tanto, este artigo busca analisar partes das unidades, produzidas pelas autoras que ministravam um módulo de espanhol no contexto do projeto em 2017, e possibilitar algumas reflexões acerca da prática docente e a importância da formação inicial de docentes.
Barriers to the early detection and intervention of children with autism spectrum disorders: A literature review
Authors: Bivarchi Fatema Ali , Kehyayan Vahe , Al-Kohji Sadriya Mohd
Published: July 2021

Background and objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental disability that affects how individuals communicate and interact with others. A reliable diagnosis of ASD can be made within the first 24 months of a child’s life, but ASD is usually diagnosed late. Late diagnosis contributes to missed opportunities to provide early intervention services and improve long-term outcomes. The purpose of this project was to identify barriers to early detection and intervention of ASD faced by parents, other caregivers, and health care professionals.Methods: A literature review was conducted. CINAHL, Medline, and PsychINFO databases were used to search for relevant articles. Ten articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected and data from these articles were summarized in a data extraction table and themes were identified.Results: Five main barriers that prevent early diagnosis and intervention of children with ASD were identified. These barriers were lack of knowledge, social stigma, dismissal of parents’ first concerns by healthcare providers, barriers to ASD screening, and access to ASD services.Conclusions: The results of this literature review will inform the development of an educational guide for parents and other caregivers to promote their knowledge and awareness about ASD in children.
English Language Learning Demotivating Factors for Saudi High School EFL Students
Authors: Alyousif Raneem , Alsuhaibani Zainab
Published: July 2021

Demotivating factors are one of the sources that can reduce students’ motivation toward language learning. This study investigated language learning demotivating factors among high school EFL students. It also explored the educational implications and recommendations for promoting EFL students’ motivation from teachers’ perspectives. A total of 365 Saudi high school EFL students and 18 secondary English language teachers from six public schools participated in the study. The data of the study were collected via two research instruments: a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with students and teachers. The results revealed that subject- related and teacher-related demotivating factors were the most reported demotivating factors for Saudi high school EFL students. The results also showed that lack of interesting topics, lack of activities for practicing English, overemphasis on grammar, and incompetence of teachers were the most demotivating factors for EFL students toward English learning. Moreover, several recommendations for promoting students’ motivation have been suggested by teachers such as technology use, extrinsic motivation and encouragement, and competitive and collaborative work. 
Yield Performance of Newly Developed Cassava Varieties in Response to Inorganic Fertilizers
Authors: Katuromunda Sylvester , Ekwaro Benson , Wanaku Boniface
Published: July 2021

A study was conducted at Kyambogo University Farm in randomized complete block design with three replications to assess the effect of NPK (17:17:17) fertilizer on the growth and tuber yields of two newly developed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties, NAROCASS 1 and NASE 14. Cassava varieties were assigned to the main plots, while fertilizer rates (zero/control, 200, 400, 600 kg/ha) were sub-plots. Fertilizer was applied in two splits, at planting and four months after planting. Fertilizer application significantly (P<0.05) increased the cassava stem heights to first branching and at harvest, and the number of stems per plant when compared with the control treatments. Mean stem heights to first branching and at harvest of plants that received NPK were higher than those of the respective control treatments by 62.8 and 70.5% for NAROCASS 1, and 57.0 and 76.5% for NASE 14, respectively. Fertilizer rate of 400 kg/ha significantly increased the lengths, numbers of tubers and tuber yields per plant when compared with the control treatments. Mean lengths, numbers of tubers and tuber yields of plants that received NPK were higher than those of respective control treatments by 48.2, 36.9 and 68.3% for NAROCASS 1, and 39.9, 50.5 and 67.6% for NASE 14, respectively. Therefore, to achieve optimum tuber yields of newly developed cassava varieties, farmers should integrate NPK fertilizer application into already existing management practices, particularly the use of high quality planting materials and integrated pest, disease and weed management. However, government ministries concerned should ensure that inorganic fertilizers are readily accessible and affordable to farmers.
Concept d’adaptation chez les conjoints de femmes iraniennes atteintes du cancer du sein : étude qualitative basée sur une approche phénoménologique
Authors: Noveiri Marzieh Jahani Sayad , Shamsaei Farshid , Khodaveisi Masoud , Vanaki Zohreh , Tapak Lily
Published: July 2021

Introduction : Le cancer du sein provoque une crise multidimensionnelle qui ébranle non seulement la patiente, mais aussi le conjoint et les autres membres de sa famille. Il convient donc d’étudier l’adaptation à ce phénomène, qui constitue l’une des principales difficultés pour les proches. En comprenant mieux comment les conjoints de femmes atteintes d’un cancer du sein font face à cette crise, ces derniers pourraient mieux prendre soin de leurs épouses et améliorer leur qualité de vie. But de l’étude : L’étude visait à explorer le concept d’adaptation à partir d’expériences vécues par les conjoints de femmes souffrant d’un cancer du sein. Méthodologie : Cette étude qualitative a été réalisée en 2019 selon une approche phénoménologique dans les villes de Hamadan et Rasht, en Iran. Le groupe de participants comptait 20 conjoints de femmes atteintes du cancer du sein, recrutés grâce à une méthode d’échantillonnage par choix raisonné. Les données ont été recueillies au moyen d’entretiens non structurés en personne; elles ont été analysées à l’aide de la méthode phénoménologique en six étapes de van Manen. Résultats : Les expériences vécues par les participants ont montré que le phénomène d’adaptation des conjoints au cancer du sein de leur femme se décline en cinq thèmes : souffrance émotionnelle, fardeau des soins, maintien de la cohésion familial, incertitude de l’avenir et sentiment de perte du concept de soi. La compréhension du concept d’adaptation chez les conjoints de femmes atteintes du cancer du sein dans les stratégies de santé peut aider les femmes à bien s’adapter, tout en aidant les professionnels à adopter des mesures efficaces dans le domaine des soins médicaux, pour les patientes et leurs conjoints.
Réponse à un schéma chimiothérapeutique administré à des enfants atteints de LAL à cellules pré-B à risque élevé selon le protocole COG
Authors: Fathi Afshin , Mirzarahimi Mehrdad , Farajkhah Homa
Published: July 2021

Objectif : La présente étude a pour but d’examiner la réponse à un schéma chimiothérapeutique administré à des enfants atteints de LAL à cellules pré-B à risque élevé selon le protocole COG. Méthode : L’étude transversale porte sur 55 enfants traités selon le protocole du groupe d’oncologie pédiatrique (mieux connu sous le nom de Children’s Oncology Group ou COG), de septembre 2010 à février 2015, et évalue les résultats du schéma chimiothérapeutique. Résultats : Durant la première semaine suivant le traitement, le taux de rétablissement complet a été de 76,4 %. Les taux de survie après trois ans et cinq ans étaient respectivement de 85,5 % et de 81 %. Le taux de rechute après le premier épisode de rémission a été de 20 % et le taux de mortalité consécutif à cette rechute a été de 50 %. Trente pour cent de l’ensemble des décès ont eu lieu durant la période d’induction. Dans tous les cas, une septicémie en est la cause. Conclusion : Les résultats indiquent que le taux de survie a augmenté. Il est donc possible d’améliorer le taux de survie en optant pour le protocole COG et en contrôlant les infections chez les patients, et ce, sans égard au groupe de risque.
THE UK NHS EXPERIENCE OF BURNOUT: TIME FOR ACTION
Authors: Millar Helen L.
Published: July 2021

Background: Burnout, as a global phenomenon, has probably always existed and been present in all cultures but more recently has been increasingly identified in the public health sector work place. The UK National Health Service (NHS) is the largest employer in Europe with over 1.3 million workers. It therefore reflects many of the challenges common to global health care systems. The escalation of burnout in the UK NHS (National Health Service) is now recognized given the impact on workforce sustainability and the health care delivery.

Objectives: This article aims to highlight the current epidemic of burnout in the UK NHS, its causes, and impact on the workforce and quality of care provided. Strategies developed to improve the health of the NHS workforce will be reviewed and appraised in terms of their impact and limitations to date.

Methods: The methodology includes a broad overview of selected articles/publications focusing on the concept of burnout and the impact on the workforce and patient care and is not intended to be a systematic review. Publications include peer reviewed articles, governmental strategic documents, recent surveys, and relevant responses by health care professionals and other relevant independent bodies.

Results: The current literature highlights that burnout in the NHS is a major concern. It is clear that recognition of the extent of the problem and its impact are crucial for the sustainability of the NHS. The alarming rate of work force attrition is evident and unless immediate drastic steps are taken to address the root causes, the pressure on remaining staff will escalate to breaking point resulting in an inability to sustain services due to further staff losses. Evidence demonstrates that staff burnout adversely affects patient care and increases errors.

Conclusion: It is vital that burnout is addressed as a matter of urgency in order to ensure a healthy and productive workforce and to ensure patients are treated safely and effectively. The NHS’s very survival depends on direct and urgent action to remedy this situation.
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study using Mind–Body Interventions among Refugees in Sweden
Authors: Cloninger Kevin M. , Granjard Alexandre , Lester Nigel , Lindskär Erik , Rosenberg Patricia , Cloninger C. Robert , Garcia Danilo
Published: July 2021

Background: Migration is one of the major challenges of the 21st century with many refugees being victims of torture and experiencing war and the collapse of their society. Sweden, for example, received about 169,520 refugees during 2015 and 20–30% of them were estimated to suffer from mental illness. Nevertheless, research shows that about 66.40% of refugees never reveal their traumatic experiences to a doctor and a majority refuse psychiatric help. Hence, we need innovative methods to promote the physical, mental, and social health of refugees.

Objective: We examined the effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching (i.e., a biopsychosocial approach to coaching) and Well-Being Spa (i.e., modern version of age-old Spa interventions) on the personality and health of a sample of refugees living in Sweden.

Methodology: Participants were recruited as part of a health and employment project in Blekinge, Sweden. A total of 70 Syrian refugees were randomly assigned to a six-month intervention comprising either Well-Being Coaching, or Well-Being Spa, or both (i.e., Mind–Body). The participants reported personality (temperament and character), well-being (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, and harmony in life), and ill-being (defeat and entrapment, and anxiety and depression) at the beginning and at the end of the six-month intervention period.

Results: Participants assigned to the Well-Being Coaching intervention showed increases in self-directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.84), cooperativeness (Cohen’s d = 0.36), positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.43), and life satisfaction (Cohen’s d = 0.56), and decreases in both negative affect (Cohen’s d = 0.38) and defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.89). Participants assigned to the Well-Being Spa intervention showed decreases in harm avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.55), reward dependence (Cohen’s d = 0.69), negative affect (Cohen’s d = 0.82), anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.53), defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.34), and external entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.42). Participants assigned to the Mind–Body intervention showed significant decreases in harm avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.47), anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.61), depression (Cohen’s d = 0.34), defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.56), external entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.44), and internal entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.79) and increases in persistence (Cohen’s d = 0.27), self-directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.28), cooperativeness (Cohen’s d = 0.43), self-transcendence (Cohen’s d = 0.51), positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.42), and harmony in life (Cohen’s d = 0.36).

Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that Well-Being Coaching strengthens refugees’ character, while the Well-Being Spa treatments reduced participants’ tendency to worry and anxiety. Finally, the combination of these two interventions seems to promote the development of health-related traits, reduce ill-health, and stress, and increase well-being in a wider biopsychosocial perspective.
WORK TIME AND WORK STYLE REFORM AMONG PHYSICIANS IN JAPAN
Authors: Nakashima Yoshifumi , Yoshikawa Toru , Kido Michiko , Aizawa Yoshiharu , Matsumoto Kichiro
Published: July 2021

Background: The April 2019 amendment of the Labor Standards Act in Japan led to a current ongoing work style reform. The amendment set the monthly overtime cap at 100 hours, but physicians are exempt for the next five years. The work style reform for physicians aims to ensure both their health and well-being and to provide appropriate community medicine. From April 2024, the maximum overtime permitted for physicians will be 100 hours a month and 960 hours a year. Community medicine hospitals, however, will have a different time limit and their physicians will be allowed to work up to 100 hours a month and 1,860 hours a year overtime. Junior/senior residents can also apply for exemption by registering for accredited training programs. Exempt physicians are required to comply with additional measures to ensure their good health and well-being.

Objectives: This paper proposes promotion strategies for work style reform for physicians in Japan.

Method: The Japan Medical Association Physicians’ Work Style Reform Committee developed proposals using the Delphi methods.

Results: To manage physicians’ work time, an objective understanding of real work conditions, a review of employment agreements, active use of occupational health teams, task shifting, support for female physicians, and KAIZEN (a Japanese business philosophy) activities are important. The roles fulfilled by occupational health physicians, hospital directors, supervisors, physicians, patients, and community medicine systems are summarized from the perspective of comprehensive management.

Conclusions: The Japanese health care system defines the work style of Japanese physicians. However, physicians as highly specialized professionals can more or less choose any workplace. A physician being aware of their characteristics and independently choosing their own work style would give meaning to an appropriate work–life balance. True work style reform should aim for this.
CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS TO WORK–LIFE BALANCE IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES
Authors: Snaedal Jon
Published: July 2021

Background: The five Nordic countries and three territories have similar social structure that is based on parliamentarian democracy. The societies are characterized by strong well-fare support and national educational and health care systems. Because of this, the rate of taxes is among the highest in the world. Collaboration between the countries is considerable on all levels of societies. A good example of collaboration between NGO’s is the Nordic Council of Medical Associations.

Objective: To study work-life balance of physicians in the Nordic countries.

Methods: The Medical Associations in the Nordic countries were approached and asked for information on work-life balance of their respective members. 

Results: Studies on health and well-being of physicians made on behalf of the Nordic Medical Associations are not many but they show some worrying signs such as relatively high rate of burnout symptoms that seem to be on the rise but longitudinal data is scarce. In most of the studies, this is linked to heavy workload leading to emotional exhaustion and challenges in finding good work–life balance. There are also indications that loss of autonomy; conflicts at the work place and lack of resources are important causes of burnout symptoms.

Conclusion: Little has been published on the nature of the workload of physicians in the Nordic countries and whether it is affecting the very fundament of physicians’ work, that is, the relationship with the patient.
WORK–LIFE BALANCE OF GENERAL PRACTITIONERS IN GERMANY CONSIDERING RECENT REGULATIONS
Authors: Weigeldt Ulrich
Published: July 2021

Background: In the light of demographic changes in the population and among the doctors, the German government has in the last two decades taken several regulatory steps to address work–life balance and related issues.

Objective: This article seeks to identify crucial pieces of legislation that may increase the attractiveness for the GP profession in Germany.

Method: The article summarizes important regulatory steps and their results in terms of increasing the attractiveness of the GP profession.

Results: Some regulations in Germany including the “Vertragsarztrechtsänderungsgesetz” led to more flexibilization in terms of the location and the internal structure of GP practices, while others addressed the further digitalization. A central element for creating attractive working conditions for GPs is the possibility of selective and direct contracting between the insurance companies and the GPs, parallel to the more general collective contracting.

Discussion: While some of these regulations helped to make the GP profession more attractive, they have failed to increase the number of GPs especially in rural socially deprived areas.

Conclusion: The government will need to invest more resources in scientific studies (e.g. international comparison) to identifying regulatory measures that help address the growing gap between the amount of GP care needed by the aging population and the level of care provided with the current human resources.
CUDA-Sankoff-Web: Uma ferramenta web para cálculo do alinhamento secundário estrutural ótimo
Authors: Gomes Rodrigo Rocha , Sundfeld Daniel
Published: July 2021

O alinhamento de sequências é uma das operações mais importantes para a Bioinformática. Ao se considerar sequências de RNA, não basta considerar apenas a sequência em si, mas também devem ser consideradas as estruturas formadas por elas. O alinhamento ótimo de sequências possui alta complexidade computacional e pode demorar muito tempo. Recentemente, o CUDA-Sankoff foi proposto para obter o alinhamento ótimo secundário de sequências de RNA em um tempo razoável usando unidades de processamento gráfico (GPUs). No entanto, essa ferramenta não possui uma interface amigável. Neste trabalho, propomos criar um web server que provê uma interface gráfica e facilita a execução da ferramenta CUDA-Sankoff.
WSN for Event Detection Applications: Deployment, Routing, and Data Mapping Using AI
Authors: Abbassi Kamel , Hechmi Jeridi Mohamed , Ezzedine Tahar
Published: July 2021

In the 20th century, computers were senseless brains, but today, thanks to sensor networks, they can feel things for themselves. This major trend has given rise to many wireless sensor networks with the ability to sense the environment, deliver findings and process those data appropriately. Within this trend, this chapter outlines deployment and routing strategies as well as data handling practices. For convenience, the most encompassing application to consider is that of event detection.
Hyperthyroidism in Children
Authors: Bossowski Artur , Stożek Karolina
Published: July 2021

Hyperthyroidism is the state of excessive synthesis and release of the thyroid hormones by thyrocytes. Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children. The condition may occur at any age but the prevalence increases with age. According to the classical paradigm, coexistence of genetic susceptibility, environment triggers and immunological dysfunction are responsible for its development. Diagnosis of Graves’ disease is based on presence of characteristic clinical symptoms, TSH receptor antibodies and excess of thyroid hormones. The management in pediatric population involves mainly pharmacotherapy (thyrostatics, β-adrenolitics), in resistant cases radical radioiodine I131 therapy or surgical treatment is necessary.
Oilseeds as Functional Foods: Content and Composition of Many Phytochemicals and Therapeutic Alternatives
Authors: O. Cherif Aicha
Published: July 2021

Oilseeds composition has been studied extensively, but recently it has been thoroughly investigated considering especially the phytochemicals representing the minor components. This interest is connected with the activity of such compounds against cardiovascular diseases, lipid oxidation, protein cross-linking and DNA mutations and hemostasis function, which prevent the attack of biomolecules by free radicals. This chapter book could aim to give an overview of the different uses of several oilseeds as bioactive foods, focusing on their active constituents (phytosterols, polyphenols, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and carotenoids) and their content in oilseeds. We will also focus on the beneficial aspects of theses nutraceuticals in human health.
Optimizing Techniques and Suture Materials for Caesarean Section
Authors: Ramalingappa Padmasri , Shivaramegowda Raksha , Holavanahalli SrinivasaMurthy Shruthi
Published: July 2021

Cesarean section is an important part of comprehensive emergency obstetric and neonatal care and their numbers are increasing worldwide in the recent times. Proper healing of the scar after cesarean section is of paramount importance to avoid various obstetrical complications in future pregnancies. There is no standard technique on the method of closure following cesarean delivery. It is unclear as which technique and suture material should be used for closure of cesarean section in order to get the best results with minimal complications. The objective of this chapter is to review the literature, analyze the available resources and evaluate the evidence for closure of each layer post cesarean section. The following discussion will review closure of each step post cesarean section and provide evidence-based recommendations for closure technique.
Healthcare Application-Oriented Non-Lambertian Optical Wireless Communications for B5G&6G
Authors: Ding Jupeng , Chih-Lin I. , Zheng Jiong
Published: July 2021

With the continuous improvement of user communication requirements and the rapid development of information services, optical wireless communication (OWC), which has unlimited bandwidth and precise positioning, is widely used in indoor scenes such as healthcare. For healthcare monitoring application, the optical wireless (OW) link using non-Lambertian emission pattern is investigated in the typical mobility scenario. Numerical results show that the potential gain could been provided by the concerned emission pattern to the OW performance uniformity.
Organ Damage in Sepsis: Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Sygitowicz Grażyna , Sitkiewicz Dariusz
Published: July 2021

Sepsis is one of the most common reasons for hospitalisation. This condition is characterised by systemic inflammatory response to infection. International definition of sepsis mainly points out a multi-organ dysfunction caused by a deregulated host response to infection. An uncontrolled inflammatory response, often referred to as “cytokine storm”, leads to an increase in oxidative stress as a result of the inhibition of cellular antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, initiate vascular endothelial dysfunction and, in consequence, impair microcirculation. Microcirculation damage leads to adaptive modifications of cell metabolism. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction takes place which results in increased apoptosis and impaired autophagy. Non-coding RNA, especially miRNA and lncRNA molecules, may play an important role in the pathomechanism of sepsis. Altered expression of various ncRNAs in sepsis suggest, that these molecules can be used not only as diagnostics and prognostic markers but also as the target points in the pharmacotherapy of sepsis. The understanding of detailed molecular mechanisms leading to organ damage can contribute to the development of specific therapy methods thereby improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
Dry Cowdung Powder - Novel Unearthed Humus: Sustains Water-Food-Energy Nexus
Authors: K. Bagla Hemlata
Published: July 2021

Water-Food-Energy (WFE) Nexus regulates biosphere and irrespective of alphabetical or chronological order, it must have synergy for the sustainability of life. Population, Pollution and current Pandemic- COVID has made it vivid to entire scientific community that unless we strengthen this trio, our progressive humanity is sure to collapse. Humic Substances (HS), the originator of the life has promising utilization in almost every sectors of life, reinforcing WFE Nexus. This chapter dedicates to novel unearthed HS, Dry Cowdung Powder (DCP) and its unique contribution in sustaining the triangle of life, WFE. DCP has been employed as humiresin for bioremediation of wastewater containing heavy metals and radionuclides. The known candidate for Biorhexistasy, DCP increases soil fertility, minimizes erosion and acidification. It is also extensively explored as biofuel, green and clean source of energy. ‘Nothing of Nature is a Waste’ and ‘Waste is a Commodity’ aptly describes DCP, the sustainer of WFE Nexus.
System Level Design and Conception of a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) for Cognitive Robotics
Authors: Stéfano Fonseca Ferreira Diego , Loureiro da Costa Augusto , Luiz Alves De Oliveira Wagner , Rafael Garcia Ramirez Alejandro
Published: July 2021

In this work, a system level design and conception of a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) for the execution of cognitive agents in robotics will be presented. The cognitive model of the Concurrent Autonomous Agent (CAA), which was already successfully applied in several robotics applications, is used as a reference for the development of the hardware architecture. This cognitive model comprises three levels that run concurrently, namely the reactive level (perception-action cycle that executes predefined behaviours), the instinctive level (receives goals from cognitive level and uses a knowledge based system for selecting behaviours in the reactive level) and the cognitive level (planning). For the development of such system level hardware model, the C++ library SystemC with Transaction Level Modelling (TLM) 2.0 will be used. A system model of a module that executes a knowledge based system is presented, followed by a system level description of a processor dedicated to the execution of the Graphplan planning algorithm. The buses interconnecting these modules are modelled by the TLM generic payload. Results from simulated experiments with complex knowledge bases for solving planning problems in different robotics contexts demonstrate the correctness of the proposed architecture. Finally, a discussion on performance gains takes place in the end.
New Application of Low-Molecular Weight Dextran as Local Anesthetic Adjuvant for Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Block
Authors: Tsuchiya Masahiko
Published: July 2021

Advances in ultrasound technology and the increased risk of opioid overdose following surgery have expanded applications of nerve block for surgical cases, resulting in reevaluation of adjuvants used to potentiate local anesthetics. We have found that a mixture of local anesthetic with low-molecular weight dextran, one such local anesthetic adjuvant, greatly enhances analgesic duration and potency in patients receiving an interfascial compartment nerve block under ultrasound-guidance as well as those receiving a single peripheral nerve block. Notably, a compartment nerve block in the abdominal trunk with an extra-large amount of low-molecular weight dextran mixture, which results in a longer duration of the injected drugs at the injection site, provides good analgesia that is comparable to epidural anesthesia. Such a dextran mixture also suppresses systemic absorption of local anesthetics, thus reducing their systemic toxicity, which enhances regional anesthesia safety. Furthermore, it controls unintended spread of injected local anesthetics, thus increasing nerve block accuracy. In this chapter, recent findings regarding use of low-molecular weight dextran as a local anesthetic adjuvant obtained in our laboratory are presented.
Some Aspects of HVAC Design in Energy Renovation of Buildings
Authors: Karimipanah Taghi
Published: July 2021

It is well-known fact that air conditioning systems are responsible for a significant part of all energy systems in building energy usage. In EU buildings, the building HVAC systems account for ca 50% of the energy consumed. In the U.S., air-conditioning accounts on average about 12% of residential energy expenditures. The proper choice of air distribution systems and sustainable energy sources to drive the electrical components have a vital impact to achieve the best requirements for indoor climate including, hygienical, thermal, and reasonable energy-saving goals. The building energy system components that have a considerable impact on the demand for final energy in the building are design, outdoor environment conditions, HVAC systems, water consumption, electrical appliances, indoor thermal comfort, and indoor human activities. For calculation of the energy balance in a building, we need to consider the total energy flows in and out from the building including ventilation heat losses, the perimeters transmission heat loses, solar radiation, internal heat from occupants and appliances, space and domestic water heating, air leakage, and sewage heat losses. However, it is a difficult task to handle the above time-dependent parameters therefore an energy simulation program will always be used. This chapter aims to assess the role of ventilation and air-conditioning of buildings through the sustainability approaches and some of the existing renewable energy-based methods of HVAC systems are presented. This comprehensive review has been shown that using the new air distribution systems in combination with renewable energy sources are key factors to improve the HVAC performance and move toward Nearly Zero Carbon Buildings (NZCB).
Health Impacts of Air Pollution
Authors: Ikram Bin A Wahab Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Urban air pollution has become a salient environmental issue in many Asian countries due to their rapid industrial development, urbanization, and motorization. Human-induced air pollution has been and continues to be considered a major environmental and public health issue. Its severity lies in the fact that high levels of pollutants are produced in environments where damage to human to concentration, duration of exposure health and welfare is more likely. This potential is what makes anthropogenic air pollution an important concern. Extreme air pollution episodes were reported for the Meuse Valley, Belgium, in 1930; Donora, PA, and the Monongehela River Valley in 1948; and London in 1952. These episodes are significant in that they provided solid scientific documentation that exposure to elevated ambient pollutant levels can cause acute illness and even death. The most devastating events contributed to important efforts to control ambient air pollution. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) assessment concluded that outdoor air pollution is carcinogenic to humans, with the particulate matter component of air pollution mostly associated with increasing cancer incidence especially lung cancer. Pollutant effects typically occur in some target organs. These can be straightforward; i.e. pollutants come into close contact with the affected organ. Such is the case for eye and respiratory irritation. Effects may be indirect. For example, Pollutants can enter the bloodstream from the lungs or gastrointestinal system through the respiratory route. Effects may then be distant from the immediate organ of contact. A target organ can have no immediate and intimate contact with atmospheric contaminants. The primary organs or target organs are the eyes and the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.