bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expert consensus on personalized initiation of glucose‐lowering therapy in adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes without clinical cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease
Authors: Zhang Fang , Ji Linong , Hong Tianpei , Guo Lixin , Li Yan , Zhu Zhiming , Liu Xingbin , Liu Fang , Tang Lizhi , Zhang Yuwei , Li Juan , Lü Qingguo , Tong Nanwei
Published: June 2022

Since it is difficult for clinicians to make a decision among the various types of antidiabetic medications due to their great discrepancy in mechanisms, pharmacological properties, and cardiovascular/renal protection, a relatively “precision” or personalized hypoglycemic treatment suggestion is practical for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management in adults. This expert consensus makes some recommendations based on the characteristics of adult T2D patients without clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) by evidence from large‐scale clinical trials. The main consideration for initiating antidiabetic medications is the safety and benefits for prevention of target organ damage, such as CVD and CKD. The choice of personalized glucose‐lowering therapy regarding target organ protection is based on the various effects of antidiabetic medications, patients’ clinical characteristics and their key risks, as well as the sociological factors. According to the effects on glucose reduction, cardiovascular protection, renal benefit, body weight change, hypoglycemic risk, and liver function impact, the antidiabetic medications are recategorized in this consensus. Combined with the glucose control target and the different effects of hypoglycemic agents, a significant body of recommendations have been developed for optimal T2D management according to the risk factors for atherosclerotic CVD, heart failure, CKD, primary fatty liver, and hypoglycemia. This consensus gives detailed guidance on personalized antidiabetic therapy initiation in newly diagnosed T2D adults, which attaches great importance to both glucose control and target organ protection.
Amoxicillin‐vonoprazan dual therapy forHelicobacter pylorieradication: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ouyang Yaobin , Wang Minghui , Xu Yu‐Ling , Zhu Yin , Lu Nong‐Hua , Hu Yi
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim

The efficacy and safety of amoxicillin‐vonoprazan (VA) dual therapy remained unclear.

Methods

This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2009 guidelines. A systematic search of the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane database was conducted using the combination of “Helicobacter pyloriorH. pyloriorHp,” “amoxicillin or penicillin,” and “Vonoprazan or TAK‐438 or Takecab or (potassium AND competitive) or potassium‐competitive.” The initial and secondary outcome of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of VA dual therapy.

Results

Three studies and 668H. pyloriinfected patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The crude eradication rate of VA dual therapy was 87.5% and 89.6% by ITT and PP analysis, respectively. No significant differences were observed regarding the VA dual therapy and vonoprazan‐amoxicillin‐clarithromycin (VAC) triple therapy according to ITT (RR = 0.99, 95% CI, 0.93–1.05,P = 0.65) and PP (RR = 0.99, 95% CI, 0.94–1.05,P = 0.82) analysis. The side effect of VA dual therapy was 19.1% (95% CI, 5.9–32.4), which was lower than that of VAC triple therapy but there was no statistical significance (RR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.59–1.06,P = 0.12).

Conclusion

VA dual therapy shows acceptable efficacy, good safety and avoid unnecessary antibiotic use in the first‐line treatment forH. pyloriinfection. However, its application in other regions need to be further explored.
Comment on: Potentially inappropriate medications in older adults visiting a geriatric emergency department
Authors: Prin Meghan , Ginde Adit
Published: June 2022

See the reply by Martini et al
Tailoring prehabilitation to address the multifactorial nature of functional capacity for surgery
Authors: Gillis Chelsia , Coca‐Martinez Miquel , Santa Mina Daniel
Published: June 2022

Mounting evidence suggests that recovery begins before the surgical incision. The presurgery phase of recovery, namely the preparation for optimal surgical recovery, can be reinforced with prehabilitation. Prehabilitation is the approach of enhancing the functional capacity of the individual to enable them to withstand a stressful event. With this narrative review, we apply the Wilson and Cleary conceptual model of patient outcomes to specify the complex and integrative relationship of health factors that limit functional capacity before surgery. To have the greatest impact on patient outcomes, prehabilitation programs require individualised and coordinated care from medical, nutritional, psychosocial and exercise services.
Japanese clinical practice guidelines for aspiration and pharyngeal residual assessment during eating and swallowing for nursing care
Authors: Sugama Junko , Ishibasi Miyuki , Ota Erika , Kamakura Yayoi , Saitoh Eiichi , Sanada Hiromi , Nakayama Takeo , Nomura Takeshi , Yamada Masako , Nakagami Gojiro , Sato Naoko , Shibata Seiko , Hase Takashi , Fukada Junko , Miki Tatsuto , Arita Mikiko , Urai Tamae , Okawa Yohei , Kitamura Aya , Dai Misako , Takahashi Toshiaki , Tamai Nao , Tobita Itoko , Noguchi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Masaru , Miura Yuka , Mukai Kanae , Mugita Yuko , Yoshida Mikako , Kurachi Masako , Shirasaka Takako , Yamane Yukiko
Published: June 2022

Aim

This clinical practice guideline aims to provide and recommend methods of assessing aspiration and pharyngeal residue during eating and swallowing and methods of selecting and implementing nursing care for adults to prevent the development of aspiration pneumonia through early and appropriate management of oropharyngeal dysphagia.

Methods

In April 2018, the Japan Academy of Nursing Science established the Supervisory Committee in Nursing Care Development/Standardization Committee to develop clinical practice guidelines for aspiration and pharyngeal residual assessment during eating and swallowing for nursing care. This clinical practice guideline was developed according to the Minds Manual for Guideline Development 2017, with the aim of providing a specific pathway for nurses to determine the policy for selecting management for oropharyngeal dysphagia based on research evidence and multifaceted factors including the balance of benefits and harms and patients' values.

Results

Based on the 10 clinical questions related to assessment by physical assessment, the Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test, Modified Water Swallowing Test, Food Test, cervical auscultation, observation using an ultrasound diagnostic device, and an endoscope, 10 recommendations have been developed. Eight recommendations have been evaluated as the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) 2C, and the other two have been evaluated as no GRADE.

Conclusion

The first reliable clinical practice guideline has been produced from an academic nursing organization that focuses on assessment for nursing care and incorporates the latest findings.
Beyond monoamines: II. Novel applications for PET imaging in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Royse Sarah K. , Lopresti Brian J. , Mathis Chester A. , Tollefson Savannah , Narendran Rajesh
Published: June 2022

Early applications of positron emission tomography (PET) in psychiatry sought to identify derangements of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. The need for more specific neurochemical imaging probes was soon evident, and these probes initially targeted the sites of action of neuroleptic (dopamine D2 receptors) and psychoactive (serotonin receptors) drugs. For nearly 30 years, the centrality of monoamine dysfunction in psychiatric disorders drove the development of an armamentarium of monoaminergic PET radiopharmaceuticals and imaging methodologies. However, continued investments in monoamine‐enhancing drug development realized only modest gains in efficacy and tolerability. As patent protection for many widely prescribed and profitable psychiatric drugs lapsed, drug development pipelines shifted away from monoamines in search of novel targets with the promises of improved efficacy, or abandoned altogether. Over this period, PET radiopharmaceutical development activities closely parallelled drug development priorities, resulting in the development of new PET imaging agents for non‐monoamine targets. In part two of this review, we survey clinical research studies using the novel targets and radiotracers described in part one across major psychiatric application areas such as substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. Important limitations of the studies described are discussed, as well as key methodologic issues, challenges to the field, and the status of clinical trials seeking to exploit these targets for novel therapeutics.

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Surgery and perioperative management of patients with Cushing's disease
Authors: Honegger Juergen , Nasi‐Kordhishti Isabella
Published: June 2022

Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the initial treatment modality of first choice in Cushing's disease (CD). With microscopic TSS and endoscopic TSS, two operative techniques with equally favourable remission rates and operative morbidity are available. On average, remission is achieved with primary TSS in 80% of patients with microadenomas and 60% of patients with macroadenomas. The current literature indicates that remission rates in repeat TSS for microadenomas can also exceed 70%. Experience with TSS in CD plays an important role in the success rate and centralization in Pituitary Centres of Excellence has been proposed. Microadenoma stage, imaging‐visible adenoma, confirmation of ACTH‐positive adenoma on histopathology and noninvasiveness are positive predictors for postoperative remission. In postoperative management, a steroid‐sparing protocol with early postoperative assessment of remission status is recommended. Convincing evidence suggests that prolonged postoperative prophylactic antithrombotic measures can significantly reduce the risk of postoperative thromboembolic events in CD. Prevention or successful treatment of cortisol withdrawal syndrome remains an unsolved issue that should be a focus of future research. The further development and broad availability of functional imaging hold promise for improved preoperative detection of microadenomas. Intraoperative identification of microadenomas by specific fluorescent targeting could be a promising future avenue for the treatment of patients with negative imaging.
The role of response efficacy and risk aversion in promoting compliance during crisis
Authors: Thomas Veronica L. , Mirahmad Hooman , Kemper Grace
Published: June 2022

This research examines consumers' compliance with behaviors that focus on preventing the spread of COVID‐19. Drawing on Protection Motivation Theory and research on efficacy, we find that, during a pandemic, consumers who have higher perceptions of response efficacy are less likely to engage in risky consumption behaviors (Study 1) and more likely to engage in protective consumption behaviors (Study 2). This effect is moderated by risk aversion, such that as risk aversion increases, COVID‐compliant behaviors increase even when consumers do not believe in their ability to effectuate change. Further, the relationship between response efficacy and COVID‐compliant behaviors is mediated by anticipated guilt. Importantly, these constructs are relevant beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic. As situations like drought, rising sea levels, and infectious diseases persist, consumers will continually be asked to sacrifice for their own wellbeing and the wellbeing of others. Thus, we discuss implications for policymakers.
MiR‐195‐5p facilitates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human trophoblast cells by targeting FGF2
Authors: Zhou Dachun , Xu Xiaoying , Liu Yuanlin , Liu Haiyun , Cheng Xiaoyan , Gu Yannan , Xu Yuanyuan , Zhu Lingling
Published: June 2022

Background

Preeclampsia (PE), the most significant adverse exposure to cardiovascular risk during pregnancy, is one of the three major factors contributing to maternal and fetal mortality and the leading cause of preterm birth. Recently, various miRNAs have been reported to participate in PE occurrence and development. Nevertheless, the regulatory impact of miR‐195‐5p in PE is still indistinct.

Methods

Quantitative realtime‐PCR (qRT‐PCR), western blot, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay were performed to examine miR‐195‐5p and FGF2 expressions in PE serum samples or HTR‐8/SVneo and TEV‐1 cells. CCK8, flow cytometry, wound scratch, and transwell assays were conducted to determine cell viability, cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay unveiled the relationship between miR‐195‐5p and FGF2. Migration‐related and invasion‐related protein expressions were measured by western blot assay.

Results

miR‐195‐5p was prominently downregulated while FGF2 was increased in serum samples from PE patients and hypoxia‐treated human trophoblast cells. FGF2 was predicted as a downstream target of miR‐195‐5p and targeted association was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Functional experiments elaborated that miR‐195‐5p could facilitate trophoblast cell proliferation and metastasis but hinder cell cycle and apoptosis. Inversely, overexpressing of FGF2 could reverse the effects of miR‐195‐5p on trophoblast cell growth.

Discussion

miR‐195‐5p was decreased in PE serum samples and cell lines, serving as a potential biomarker in protecting PE exacerbation by targeting FGF2.
The social side of personality: Do affiliation and intimacy motives moderate associations of personal relationships with well‐being?
Authors: Kersten Philipp , Borschel Elisabeth , Neyer Franz J. , Mund Marcus
Published: June 2022

Background

The quantity of social relationships and social interactions is positively related to well‐being, but the underlying role of personality dispositions in these associations is unclear. The present study investigated whether social motives for affiliation and intimacy moderate associations of personal networks with well‐being.

Method

We analyzed data from N = 389 individuals living alone (aged 35–60 years) who provided self‐reports of social motives and well‐being, and who completed an ego‐centered social network task. A subsample of N = 331 individuals participated in a social network diary with daily questions about social interactions within their personal networks.

Results

Overall, we found little support for moderations. Individuals higher in affiliation felt less lonely than individuals lower in affiliation when having more frequent in‐person contact. Multilevel analyses of the diary data revealed that highly affiliative individuals reported being more satisfied than individuals lower in affiliation when having more daily social interactions than usual. No moderations were found in the context of intimacy.

Discussion

Findings suggest that, especially in the context of daily social encounters, affiliation might moderate associations of social interaction quantity with well‐being. Implications for future research on personality–relationship dynamics in personal networks and daily social interactions are discussed.
Everyday heroes: Graphical life stories and self‐defining memories inCOVID‐19 medical volunteers
Authors: Nourkova Veronika , Gofman Alena
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study aimed to explore the autobiographical foundations of specific narrative identities, which made it possible to choose medical volunteering in the time of the pandemic, resist highly hazardous conditions of working in COVID‐19 “red zones,” and emerge from this work with a sense of meaning and optimism.

Method

In this study, we focused on the graphical life stories, self‐defining memories (SDMs), and self‐defining future projections (SDFPs) of four individuals who worked at COVID‐19 “red zone” hospitals as medical volunteers.

Results

The analysis revealed that all participants incorporated their volunteering experiences as meaningful and satisfying into their general narrative identity. They scored high on standard scales assessing subjective well‐being and reported autonomous regulation of volunteer motivation. We identified narrative trunk lines and metaphors across autobiographical data, which differentiated the participants into four types of general identities extensively manifesting in volunteering identity: faith‐based, influence‐based, help‐based, and success‐based. The participants' graphical life stories, SDMs, and SDFPs showed similar patterns consisting of adult‐oriented childhood, focus on mid‐life events, and a redemption sequence in narration.

Conclusion

These findings could be taken as touchstones to highlight the critical value of self‐continuity and sense of purpose in active coping with global challenges.
An unusual cause of obstructive jaundice in childhood: Intra‐choledochal malignant neuroendocrine tumour
Authors: Gopan Amrit , Sen Sarma Moinak , Har Bappaditya , Singh Rajneesh K , Agrawal Vinita , Yachha Surender K
Published: June 2022

The extrahepatic biliary apparatus is a rare site for neuroendocrine tumours. A 13‐year‐old child presented with cholestatic symptoms of jaundice and pruritus with soft hepatomegaly and mild ascites. Magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasound revealed a mid‐common bile duct mass, and dilated intrahepatic biliary system. An en‐bloc resection of the extrahepatic biliary apparatus, showed malignant cells disposed in lobules in a desmoplastic stroma with intramural invasion, staining positive for cytokeratin, chromogranin, synaptophysin and negative for CD56. At 3 months post‐resection, whole body positron emission tomography scan was normal with no recurrence at 24 months.
Isolation and characterization of exopolysaccharide derived from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AS20(1) with probiotic potential and evaluation of its antibacterial activity
Authors: Amini E. , Salimi F. , Imanparast S. , Mansour F.N.
Published: June 2022

This study was done to find exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against foodborne pathogens. Isolated LAB were screened to find the ones with the ability to produce antibacterial EPS against foodborne pathogens. Among tested EPSs, EPS of AS20(1) isolate showed inhibitory effects on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes (MIC = 0·935 mg ml−1, MBC = 0·935 mg ml−1), Yersinia enterocolitica (MIC = 12·5 mg ml−1, MBC = 50 mg ml−1) and Bacillus cereus (MIC = 6·25 mg ml−1, MBC = 12·5 mg ml−1). According to 16S rRNA sequencing, AS20(1) showed the closest similarity to Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (100%). This antibacterial EPS showed negligible toxicity (4·4%–5·2%) against red blood cells. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AS20(1) showed probiotic properties, including high acid resistance, hydrophobicity (47·5%), autoaggregation and coaggregation with foodborne pathogens. Also, L. paracasei AS20(1) showed no haemolysis activity and antibiotic resistance. Characterization of antibacterial EPS revealed that it is a heteropolysaccharide with various functional groups, amorphous structure, and smooth surface, sheet and compact structure, which can be suitable for food packaging. L. paracasei AS20(1) and its antimicrobial EPS can be used to make functional food.
Surface modification of poly(methyl-methacrylate) with farnesol to prevent Candida biofilm formation
Authors: Petrovic M. , Bonvin D. , Todic J. , Zivkovic R. , Randjelovic M. , Arsenijevic V.A. , Ebersold M.M. , Otasevic S.
Published: June 2022

Candida albicans promotes biofilm formation on dentures, which compromises the use of poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) as a dental material. Farnesol (FAR), a natural compound that prevents C. albicans filamentation and biofilm formation, was incorporated into the PMMA matrix, to obtain antifungal PMMA_FAR materials. The tested concentrations (0·0125% and 0·4%) of FAR, 24 h after incubation on YPD agar, inhibited filamentation of C. albicans. PMMA was modified with different FAR concentrations (3–12%), and physicochemical properties, antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of these modified materials (PMMA_FAR) were tested. The presence of FAR in PMMA_FAR composites was verified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Incorporation of FAR into the polymeric matrix significantly decreased hydrophilicity at all tested concentrations and significantly reduced biofilm and planktonic cells metabolic activity in the early stage of biofilm formation at ≥6% FAR in PMMA. PMMA_FAR composites with <9% FAR were non-toxic. Modification of PMMA with FAR is a good strategy for reducing C. albicans biofilm formation on dentures.
Use of the penile cuff test to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khosla Lakshay , Codelia‐Anjum Alia , Sze Christina , Martinez Diaz Susana , Zorn Kevin C. , Bhojani Naeem , Elterman Dean , Chughtai Bilal
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Among noninvasive modalities for assessing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), the penile cuff test (PCT) is the most used in clinical practice. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the performance of PCT in diagnosing and managing BOO.

Materials and Methods

PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for studies investigating use of PCT for BOO. Studies evaluating diagnostic parameters, inter‐observer agreements, or treatment outcomes using PCT were included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses protocol was followed (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022300047). A proportional meta‐analysis was done for diagnostic accuracy proportions. The Egger's and the Begg‐Mazumdar rank‐correlation tests were used to assess publication bias. Risk of bias was assessed using the Gradings of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria.

Results

Of the 272 articles retrieved, 17 were included in qualitative synthesis and meta‐analysis was performed on five studies (comprising 448 patients). Two studies evaluating inter‐observer agreement demonstrated 95% agreement and five studies evaluating procedures reported a 66%‐80% surgical success rate on obstructed patients using PCT. From the proportional meta‐analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 0.85 (95% CI 0.71‐0.95) 0.78 (95% CI 0.67‐0.87), 0.74 (95% CI 0.52‐0.91), and 0.87 (95% CI 0.73‐0.96), respectively. Publication bias was noted for PPV but not for sensitivity, specificity, or NPV. Based on the GRADE criteria, there were two low, six moderate, and nine high‐quality studies.

Conclusions

PCT performs sufficiently in diagnosing and managing BOO. However, due to variability in obstruction criteria assessment, more studies comparing diagnostic criteria are warranted.
Seq’ and ARMS shall find: DNA (meta)barcoding of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures across the tree of life uncovers hidden cryptobiome of tropical urban coral reefs
Authors: Ip Yin Cheong Aden , Chang Jia Jin Marc , Oh Ren Min , Quek Zheng Bin Randolph , Chan Yong Kit Samuel , Bauman Andrew G. , Huang Danwei
Published: June 2022

Coral reefs are among the richest marine ecosystems on Earth, but there remains much diversity hidden within cavities of complex reef structures awaiting discovery. While the abundance of corals and other macroinvertebrates are known to influence the diversity of other reef‐associated organisms, much remains unknown on the drivers of cryptobenthic diversity. A combination of standardized sampling with 12 units of the Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structure (ARMS) and high‐throughput sequencing was utilized to uncover reef cryptobiome diversity across the equatorial reefs in Singapore. DNA barcoding and metabarcoding of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, nuclear 18S and bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed the taxonomic composition of the reef cryptobiome, comprising 15,356 microbial ASVs from over 50 bacterial phyla, and 971 MOTUs across 15 metazoan and 19 non‐metazoan eukaryote phyla. Environmental factors across different sites were tested for relationships with ARMS diversity. Differences among reefs in diversity patterns of metazoans and other eukaryotes, but not microbial communities, were associated with biotic (coral cover) and abiotic (distance, temperature and sediment) environmental variables. In particular, ARMS deployed at reefs with higher coral cover had greater metazoan diversity and encrusting plate cover, with larger‐sized non‐coral invertebrates influencing spatial patterns among sites. Our study showed that DNA barcoding and metabarcoding of ARMS constitute a valuable tool for quantifying cryptobenthic diversity patterns and can provide critical information for the effective management of coral reef ecosystems.
Convergence in solvency and capital centralization: A B‐VAR analysis for high‐income and euro area countries
Authors: Brancaccio Emiliano , Giammetti Raffaele , Lopreite Milena , Puliga Michelangelo
Published: June 2022

We apply a B‐VAR technique to 28 high‐income countries and 11 Euro area countries in 1999–2019 to analyze the causal relationships between centralization of capital measured in terms of network control and solvency conditions represented by the difference between GDP growth and interest rate. Results show a relationship that goes in two directions. First of all, divergent solvency conditions lead to an average increase in capital centralization and its greater convergence between countries. In turn, an average increase in capital centralization and its greater convergence produces a convergence of solvency conditions between countries. These outcomes are consistent for both groups of high‐income countries and Euro area countries. Finally, in the group of high‐income countries, we also note that an average deterioration in solvency conditions leads to a convergence of capital centralization between countries.
Experiences of moral distress in a COVID‐19 intensive care unit: A qualitative study of nurses and respiratory therapists in the United States
Authors: Trachtenberg Sophie , Tehan Tara , Shostak Sara , Snydeman Colleen , Lewis Mariah , Romain Frederic , Cadge Wendy , McAuley Mary Elizabeth , Matthews Cristina , Lux Laura , Kacmarek Robert , Grone Katelyn , Donahue Vivian , Bandini Julia , Robinson Ellen
Published: June 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has placed extraordinary stress on frontline healthcare providers as they encounter significant challenges and risks while caring for patients at the bedside. This study used qualitative research methods to explore nurses and respiratory therapists' experiences providing direct care to COVID‐19 patients during the first surge of the pandemic at a large academic medical center in the Northeastern United States. The purpose of this study was to explore their experiences as related to changes in staffing models and to consider needs for additional support. Twenty semi‐structured interviews were conducted with sixteen nurses and four respiratory therapists via Zoom or by telephone. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, identifiers were removed, and data was coded and analyzed thematically. Five major themes characterize providers' experiences: a fear of the unknown, concerns about infection, perceived professional unpreparedness, isolation and alienation, and inescapable stress and distress. This manuscript analyzes the relationship between these themes and the concept of moral distress and finds that some, but not all, of the challenges that providers faced during this time align with previous definitions of the concept. This points to the possibility of broadening the conceptual parameters of moral distress to account for providers' experiences of treating patients with novel illnesses while encountering institutional and clinical challenges.
The philosophy of Hans‐Georg Gadamer: An exemplar of the complicated relationship between philosophy and nursing practice
Authors: Corcoran Lynn , Cook Karen
Published: June 2022

Philosophy has a complicated relationship with nursing practice. Selected concepts from Hans‐Georg Gadamer's Truth and Method specifically prejudice, conversation, and language are articulated. An exemplar involving nursing practice at an outpatient clinic for women seeking pre‐ and postbreast cancer care is offered to explicate these concepts. We considered the fit of Gadamer's philosophy, particularly the concept of conversation, within a public health nursing practice context in home and community settings of the client/family and offered tentative conclusions. To extend the discussion of the relationship between philosophy and nursing practice, we posed questions developed to provide deeper insight into this complicated relationship.
Should moral intuitionism go social?
Authors: Backes Marvin , Eklund Matti , Michaelson Eliot
Published: June 2022

In recent work, Bengson, Cuneo, and Shafer‐Landau (2020) develop a new social version of moral intuitionism that promises to explain why our moral intuitions are trustworthy. In this paper, we raise several worries for their account and present some general challenges for the broader class of views we call Social Moral Intuitionism. We close by reflecting on Bengson, Cuneo, and Shafer‐Landau's comparison between what they call the “perceptual practice” and the “moral intuition practice”, which we take to raise some difficult normative and meta‐normative questions for theorists of all stripes.
In defense of the armchair: Against empirical arguments in the philosophy of perception
Authors: Epstein Peter Fisher
Published: June 2022

A recurring theme dominates recent philosophical debates about the nature of conscious perception: naïve realism's opponents claim that the view is directly contradicted by empirical science. I argue that, despite their current popularity, empirical arguments against naïve realism are fundamentally flawed. The non‐empirical premises needed to get from empirical scientific findings to substantive philosophical conclusions are ones the naïve realist is known to reject. Even granting the contentious premises, the empirical findings do not undermine the theory, given its overall philosophical commitments. Thus, contemporary empirical research fails to supply any new argumentative force against naïve realism. I conclude that, as philosophers of mind, we would be better served spending a bit less time trying to wield empirical science as a cudgel against our opponents, and a bit more time working through the implications of each other's views – something we can accomplish perfectly well from the comfort of our armchairs.
Excess vitamin a might contribute to submucous clefting by inhibiting WNT‐mediated bone formation
Authors: Krutzen Charlotte Lucienne Jacqueline Maria , Roa Laury A. , Bloemen Marjon , Von den Hoff Johannes W.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is a common craniofacial birth defect caused by genetic as well as environmental factors. The phenotypic spectrum of CLP also includes submucous clefts with a defect in the palatal bone. To elucidate the contribution of vitamin A, we evaluated the effects of the vitamin A metabolite all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells (MEPM).

Setting and Sample Population

MEPM cells were isolated from the prefusion palates of E13 mouse embryos from three different litters.

Materials and Methods

MEPM cells were cultured with and without 0.5 μM ATRA in osteogenic medium. Differentiation was analysed by the expression of osteogenic marker genes and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 1, 2, and 7 days. The expression of Wnt marker genes was also analysed. Mineralization was assessed by alizarin red staining after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days.

Results

The bone marker genes Sp7, Runx2, Alpl, and Col1a1 were inhibited 10% ± 2%, 59% ± 7%, 79% ± 12% and 57% ± 20% (P < .05) at day 7. ALP activity was inhibited at days 1 and 7 by 35 ± 0% (P < .05) and 23 ± 6% (P < .001). ATRA also inhibited mineralization at 3 and 4 weeks. Finally, expression of the universal Wnt marker gene Axin2 was strongly reduced, by 31 ± 18% (P < .001), at day 7.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that ATRA (vitamin A) inhibits bone formation by reducing Wnt signalling. This might contribute to the molecular aetiology of submucous clefting.
Precursors of insulin resistance underlying periodontitis in adolescents aged 17–18 years
Authors: Ladeira Lorena L. C. , Leite Fábio R. M. , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Saraiva Maria da Conceição , Brondani Mario A. , Moreira Ana R. O. , Ribeiro Cecilia C. C.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To investigate the association between insulin resistance markers and periodontitis in adolescents, analyzing confounder variables and the adiposity as a mediator.

Methods

This is population‐based study is representative of adolescents aged 17–18 years from public schools in São Luís, Brazil (n = 405). Insulin resistance was assessed using the Model of Assessment of the Homeostasis of the Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA‐IR) and its percussor triglycerides/HDL‐cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL‐c). The outcome was Initial Periodontitis, a latent variable estimated by the common variance shared among bleeding on probing, probing depth ≥ 4 mm, and clinical attachment loss ≥ 4 mm. The association between insulin resistance and Initial Periodontitis was modeled via pathways triggered by socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol, and Adiposity, using structural equation modeling.

Results

Higher TG/HDL‐c was directly associated with higher Initial Periodontitis (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.130, p < 0.001). HOMA‐IR was not associated with periodontal outcome (SC = 0.023, p = 0.075), but it was with Adiposity (SC = 0.495, p < 0.001). Higher TG/HDL‐c was associated with Adiposity (SC = 0.202, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The insulin resistance markers were associated with early signs of periodontal breakdown among adolescents, suggesting a possible relationship between diabetes and periodontitis commences early in life.
Problematic behaviours associated with generalized anxiety disorder during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A thematic analysis
Authors: Inness Briar E. , McCabe Randi E. , Green Sheryl M.
Published: June 2022

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders in pregnancy and the postpartum (perinatal) period. Perinatal women with GAD engage in problematic behaviours, yet the focus and function of these behaviours remain unknown.

Objective

Given that worry during the perinatal period is largely maternally focused, the objective of this study was to explore the accompanying behavioural features of GAD during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

Design

A qualitative study was conducted.

Methods

Twenty‐five pregnant (n = 10) and postpartum (n = 15) women were recruited through clinical referrals and the Hamilton community. Following the completion of a semistructured diagnostic interview and symptom measures, participants participated in one of seven focus groups to learn about behaviours utilized in response to their worries. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify behaviour themes and subthemes in pregnant and postpartum women.

Results

Five behaviour themes and 12 subthemes were identified. Specifically, participants endorsed engaging in excessive reassurance seeking, checking and repeating, overcontrol, overpreparation and avoidance behaviours.

Conclusions

Our results confirm that perinatal women with GAD engage in comparable problematic behaviours to those with GAD in the general population, yet the presentation, frequency and focus of those behaviours differ. These findings have implications for theoretical formulations of GAD, and the clinical management of this disorder during the perinatal period.
Optimal dose of brexpiprazole for augmentation therapy of antidepressant‐refractory depression: A systematic review and dose‐effect meta‐analysis
Authors: Furukawa Yuki , Oguro Saki , Obata Satomi , Hamza Tasnim , Ostinelli Edoardo G. , Kasai Kiyoto
Published: June 2022

Background

Brexpiprazole augmentation is an effective treatment strategy for antidepressant‐refractory depression, but its optimal dosage remains unclear.

Aims

To find the optimal dosage of brexpiprazole as augmentation of other antidepressants.

Methods

We searched multiple electronic databases (from inception to September 16th, 2021) to identify double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled fixed‐dose trials evaluating brexpiprazole augmentation therapy in adults (≥18 years old, both genders) with major depressive disorder not adequately responding to one or more antidepressant treatment. Our outcomes of interest at 8 weeks (range 4–12 weeks) were efficacy (treatment response defined as 50% or greater reduction in depression severity), tolerability (dropouts due to adverse effects) and acceptability (dropouts for any reason). We performed a random‐effects, one‐stage dose‐effect meta‐analysis with restricted cubic splines.

Results

Six studies met the inclusion criteria, including 1671 participants in total. The dose‐efficacy curve showed an increase up to doses around 2 mg (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–2.06) and then a decreasing trend through the higher licensed dose up to 3 mg (OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.95–2.08). The shape of the dose‐tolerability curve was comparable to that of the efficacy and the dose‐acceptability curve showed a monotonic increasing trend but both had wide confidence bands.

Conclusions

One to two milligrams of brexpiprazole as augmentation treatment may achieve an optimal balance between efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability in the acute treatment of antidepressant‐refractory depression. However, the small number of included studies limit the reliability of the results. Further research is required to validate the findings.
A new well‐being atomism
Authors: Hersch Gil , Weltman Daniel
Published: June 2022

Many philosophers reject the view that well‐being over a lifetime is simply an aggregation of well‐being at every moment of one's life, and thus they reject theories of well‐being like hedonism and concurrentist desire satisfactionism. They raise concerns that such a view misses the importance of the relationships between moments in a person's life or the role narratives play in a person's well‐being. In this article, we develop an atomist meta‐theory of well‐being, according to which the prudential value of a life depends solely on the prudential value of each moment of that life. This is a general account of momentary well‐being that can capture different features of well‐being that standard atomistic accounts fail to capture, thus allowing for the possibility of an atomism that is compatible with a variety of well‐being theories. Contrary to many criticisms leveled against momentary well‐being, this well‐being atomism captures all of the important features of well‐being.
Identification and analysis of miRNAs‐lncRNAs‐mRNAs modules involved in stem‐elongation of deepwater rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Panda Alok Kumar , Rawal Hukam C. , Jain Priyanka , Mishra Vishnu , Nishad Jyoti , Chowrasia Soni , Sarkar Ananda K. , Sen Priyabrata , Naik Soumendra Kumar , Mondal Tapan Kumar
Published: June 2022

Deepwater is an abiotic stress that limits rice cultivation worldwide due to recurrent floods. The miRNAs and lncRNAs are two non‐coding RNAs emerging as major regulators of gene expressions under different abiotic stresses. However, the regulation of these two non‐coding RNAs under deepwater stress in rice is still unexplored. In this study, small RNA‐seq and RNA‐seq from internode and node tissues were analyzed to predict deepwater stress responsive miRNAs and lncRNAs, respectively. Additionally, a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) study revealed about 69 and 25 lncRNAs acting as endogenous target mimics (eTM) with the internode and node miRNAs, respectively. In ceRNA analyses, some of the key miRNAs such as miR1850.1, miR1848, and IN‐nov‐miR145 were upregulated while miR159e was downregulated, and their respective eTM lncRNAs and targets were found to have opposite expressions. Moreover, we have transiently expressed one module (IN‐nov‐miR145–Cc‐TCONS_00011544‐Os11g36430.3) in tobacco leaves. The integrated analysis has identified differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, lncRNAs and their target genes, and the complex regulatory network, which might lead to stem elongation under deepwater stress. In this novel attempt to identify and characterize miRNAs and lncRNAs under deepwater stress in rice, we have provided, probably for the first time, a reference platform to study the interactions of these two non‐coding RNAs with respective target genes through transient expression analyses.
Plant recruitment in drylands varies by site, year, and seeding technique
Authors: Svejcar Lauren N. , Kerby Jay D. , Svejcar Tony J. , Mackey Bruce , Boyd Chad S. , Baughman Owen W. , Madsen Matthew D. , Davies Kirk W.
Published: June 2022

Restoration in dryland ecosystems is hindered by low establishment of seeded species. As such, evaluations of current seeding methods are critical to understanding limitations and barriers to seeding success. Drill seeding is perceived as an optimal seeding strategy in many dryland ecosystems, but broadcast seeding is more commonly used as a seeding method due to physical and logistical constraints. For example, broadcast seeding may be conducted by aerial drops where other methods are limited by topography or obstructive features in the landscape. Few studies have quantified the differences between drill and broadcast seeding through space and time. We compare 2‐year recruitment of emergent Pseudoroegneria spicata (bluebunch wheatgrass) seedlings in the sagebrush steppe biome for drill versus broadcast seeding methods across three seeding years, three landscape aspects and two soil types using a 95% confidence interval approach to avoid the penalty of multiplicity. We found drill seeding had 2.7 times greater recruitment of seedlings after 2 years compared with broadcast seeding. However, differences were highly subject to seeding year, aspect and soil type, likely because of soil moisture and temperature variations. Drill seeding had an advantage on clay soils with flat and north aspects (10.1 and 4.6 times greater for drill than broadcast seeding, respectively). In most conditions, drill seeding had greater recruitment than broadcast seeding, though in 2014 on south aspects broadcast seeding had 2.7 times greater recruitment than drill seeding. The results of this study demonstrate a need for restoration plans that account for spatiotemporal variation in seeding success.
The novel HLA‐C allele, C*03:538 was identified by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Zhao Shuoxian , Chen Nanying , He Yanmin , He Ji , Zhu Faming
Published: June 2022

HLA‐C*03:538 differs from HLA‐C*03:04:01:01 by a mutation at nucleotide 920.
Ontological disagreements, reference, and charity: A challenge for Hirsch's deflationism
Authors: Belleri Delia
Published: June 2022

Eli Hirsch argues that certain ontological disputes involve a conflict between “equivalent” languages, and that the principle of charity compels each disputant to interpret the other as speaking truly in their own language. For Hirsch, a language's semantics maps sentences (in context) onto sets of possible worlds but assigns no role to reference. I argue that this method leads to an overly uncharitable portrayal of the disputes at issue whereby ontologists who speak “equivalent” languages can only argue about syntax. Lack of charity stems from the fact that this portrayal likely fails to uphold the self‐conception of the disputants – and particularly what I will call theweak self‐conception. As a result, Hirsch's deflationism falls victim of the same principle of charity that informs it.
Epidemiology of indigenous Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Sarawak, 2011–2019
Authors: Ooi Choo Huck , Phang Wei Kit , Liew Jonathan Wee Kent , Atroosh Wahib M. , Lau Yee Ling
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To characterise the state‐wide epidemiology of indigenous knowlesi malaria in Sarawak from 2011 to 2019.

Methods

Longitudinal retrospective study was conducted based on Sarawak knowlesi malaria surveillance data recorded from 2011–2019. Only indigenous cases were included and information extracted for analysis comprised age, sex, occupation, ethnicity, case severity, hospital admission and parasite density.

Results

Over the 9 years, 8473 indigenous knowlesi malaria cases were recorded. Age group 40–49 years, males, plantation workers and Iban communities recorded the highest percentage of cases in each demographic variable. Most of the cases were uncomplicated (n = 7292; 86.1%) and 89.6% (n = 7589) of the total cases were reported with ≤20 000 parasites/μl of blood. Age group and ethnic group are associated with the severity of knowlesi malaria in Sarawak. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that the age group 60+ years had the highest odds of developing severe knowlesi malaria compared with other age groups (AOR 2.48; 95% CI 1.22, 5.02; p = 0.012). Bidayuh patients were more likely to develop severe knowlesi malaria than Ibans, the largest ethnic group among knowlesi malaria patients (AOR 1.97; 95% CI 1.31, 2.97; p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Identification of risk groups is important for the implementation of prevention programs and treatments targeting at specific group to combat knowlesi malaria effectively.
Multi-stage construction of the Little Cotton wood stock, Utah, USA: Origin, intrusion, venting, mineralization, and mass movement
Authors: Jensen Collin G. , Christiansen Eric H , Keith Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2022

Many porphyry molybdenum deposits are hosted in multi-phase plutons, but it is unclear in some deposits how these magmas originated and whether the pluton intruded as it fractionated or was intruded by new batches of magma. New mapping has clarified field relationships between units in the White Pine porphyry Mo system hosted in the Little Cottonwood stock, Utah (western United States), including the White Pine intrusion, the Red Pine porphyry, rhyolite dikes, and phreatomagmatic pebble dikes. Geologic relations and geochemistry show the system formed in a continental arc setting during rollback of the subducting Farallon slab rather than during extension related to orogenic collapse. Whole-rock geochemistry shows distinct fractionation trends for each of the major intrusive units in the composite pluton, suggesting they formed separately, which is supported by new U-Pb zircon laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) ages of ca. 30 Ma for the Little Cottonwood stock, 27 Ma for the White Pine intrusion, and 26 Ma for the previously undated Red Pine porphyry. Mineral textures, cross-cutting relationships, and alteration mineralogy indicate that intrusion of the youngest phase led to a fluid-saturated magmatic system and triggered venting, including emplacement of pebble dikes. In the adjacent east Traverse Mountains, pebble dikes contain clasts that have similar mineral assemblages, textures, and ages as the major igneous units in the White Pine deposit. This indicates that the pebble dikes in east Traverse Mountains and in the pluton are the upper and lower parts of the same magmatic-hydrothermal system, which was decapitated by a mega-landslide that was likely facilitated by alteration in the Oligocene hydrothermal system and by later Basin and Range faulting.