bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zooplankton Composition in Bun Xang Canal of Can Tho City
Authors: Lien Nguyen Thi Kim , Trang Le Thi Thuy , Son Vo Nam
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of zooplankton and using them as indicators for water quality monitoring in the Bun Xang canal of Can Tho City. The research was conducted at 3 sites (Canal begining, canal middle and canal end) from September to October 2018 with 3 sampling periods. At each stage, zooplankton samples were collected at the time of the highest and lowest water level. The results showed that a total of 82 zooplankton species were recorded, in which Rotifera had the most diversity composition with 50 species (61%), followed by Protozoa with 13 species (16%), others from 3-11 species (23%). Composition of zooplankton in tide up and tide down periods were 66 species and 74 species, respectively. In particular, Rotifera had the most abundant composition in both the periods of the highest and lowest water level. The density of zooplankton was high ranging from 11,875-1,309,472 inds.m-3, in which their density at the canal end were the higher than that at other sites. In general, there were a relatively high similarity about zooplankton composition between highest and lowest water level stages. The diversity index of Shannon-Weiner (H') fluctuated from 1.18 to 2.39 indicating that the water quality in the study area had moderate pollution level.
Biostratigraphy of the Lystrosaurus declivis Assemblage Zone (Beaufort Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa
Authors: Botha J. , Smith R.M.H.
Published: June 2020

The earliest Triassic (Induan) Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone has long been recognised as a particularly significant biozone in palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental studies as it contains a community assemblage that records the survival and recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME). Here renamed the Lystrosaurus declivis Assemblage Zone it represents the best record globally of the ecological changes in terrestrial community structure and stability during this time period. The assemblage is dominated by two species of small to medium-sized herbivorous dicynodonts L. declivis and L. murrayi that co-occur in equal abundance, along with a range of smaller and less common faunivorous and insectivorous taxa. The latter comprise cynodonts (Thrinaxodon, Galesaurus, and Platycraniellus), therocephalians (Olivierosuchus, Regisaurus and Promoschorhynchus), the diminutive parareptiles (Saurodektes, Sauropareion, Colleta, Phonodus and Procolophon) and eureptilian arrivals possibly representing immigrant taxa (Prolacerta, Heleosuchus and Noteosuchus), among others. The attendant large carnivores were sabre-toothed Moschorhinus and the long-snouted archosauromorph Proterosuchus. In the aftermath of the mass extinction, new small temnospondyl taxa established their first occurrences i.e. Broomistega, Lydekkerina, and Micropholis, and have relatively high abundances compared to earlier temnospondyl records in the Karoo. Lithostratigraphically, the biozone for the most part spans the upper Palingkloof Member of the Balfour Formation and the overlying Katberg Formation in the western part of the basin, and the Normandien Formation in the east. The Lystrosaurus declivis Assemblage Zone of the main Karoo Basin hosts the type locality of the global Lootsbergian land-vertebrate faunachron. The biozone is one of the most widespread terrestrial faunal assemblages of western Gondwana with closely related species occurring in India and Antarctica. Similar, but much more distantly related taxa, occur in Induan-aged strata of Russia, China and Brazil.
Lokalizacja urzędów centralnych w systemie osadniczym Polski
Authors: Wałachowski Karol
Published: June 2020

Lokalizacja centralnej administracji jest istotnym lokalnym oraz regionalnym czynnikiem rozwojowym. Z perspektywy funkcji centralnych, opisywanych przez W. Christallera, jest to jedno z najważniejszych narzędzi wpływania na rozwój lokalny i regionalny. W artykule autor porównuje lokalizację urzędów centralnych oraz instytutów badawczych do deklarowanego w dokumentach strategicznych systemu osadniczego. Istotnym elementem pracy, oprócz teoretycznej podbudowy, jest systematyzacja lokalizacji urzędów oraz instytutów.
A Predictive Model of the Temperature-Dependent Inactivation of Coronaviruses
Authors: Yap Te Faye , Liu Zhen , Shveda Rachel A. , Preston Daniel
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed healthcare systems and supply lines, forcing medical doctors to risk infection by decontaminating and reusing single-use medical personal protective equipment. The uncertain future of the pandemic is compounded by limited data on the ability of the responsible virus, SARS-CoV-2, to survive across various climates, preventing epidemiologists from accurately modeling its spread. However, a detailed thermodynamic analysis of experimental data on the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses can enable a fundamental understanding of their thermal degradation that will help model the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigate future outbreaks. This paper introduces a thermodynamic model that synthesizes existing data into an analytical framework built on first principles, including the rate law and the Arrhenius equation, to accurately predict the temperature-dependent inactivation of coronaviruses. The model provides much-needed thermal decontamination guidelines for personal protective equipment, including masks. For example, at 70 °C, a 3-log (99.9%) reduction in virus concentration can be achieved in ≈ 3 minutes and can be performed in most home ovens without reducing the efficacy of typical N95 masks. The model will also allow for epidemiologists to incorporate the lifetime of SARS-CoV-2 as a continuous function of environmental temperature into models forecasting the spread of coronaviruses across different climates and seasons.
Enhancing Water Sampling of Buried Binding Sites Using Nonequilibrium Candidate Monte Carlo
Authors: Bergazin Teresa Danielle , Ben-Shalom Ido , Lim Nathan M. , Gill Samuel C. , Gilson Michael K. , Mobley David
Published: June 2020

Water molecules can be found interacting with the surface and within cavities in proteins. However, water exchange between bulk and buried hydration sites can be slow compared to simulation timescales, thus leading to the inefficient sampling of the locations of water. This can pose problems for free energy calculations for computer-aided drug design. Here, we apply a hybrid method that combines nonequilibrium candidate Monte Carlo (NCMC) simulations and molecular dynamics (MD) to enhance sampling of water in specific areas of a system, such as the binding site of a protein. Our approach uses NCMC to gradually remove interactions between a selected water molecule and its environment, then translates the water to a new region, before turning the interactions back on. This approach of gradual removal of interactions, followed by a move and then reintroduction of interactions, allows the environment relax in response to the proposed water translation, improving acceptance of moves and thereby accelerating water exchange and sampling. We validate this approach on several test systems including the ligand-bound MUP-1 and HSP90 proteins with buried crystallographic waters removed. We show that our NCMC/MD method enhances water sampling relative to normal MD when applied to these systems. Thus, this approach provides a strategy to improve water sampling in molecular simulations which may be useful in practical applications in drug discovery and biomolecular design.
Docking Adenosine Receptor Ligands to SARS-CoV2 mRNA Cap 2’-O-Methyltransferase
Authors: Snyder David , Mehta Shweta
Published: June 2020

This is a computational study using a high resolution crystallographic structure for the SARS-CoV2 mRNA cap 2'-O-methyltransferase (nsp16) and ligands obtained from the ZINC database. Using iGEMDOCK for docking and Desmond/Schrodinger for energy minimization, we identify adenosine receptor binders that potentially bind a previously identified adenosine binding site in SARS-CoV2 nsp16 better than adenosine does, some of which may induce conformational changes in nsp16.
The Synthesis of Peptide-Conjugated Poly(2-Ethyl-2-Oxazoline)-bpoly(L-Lactide) (PEtOx-B-PLA) Polymeric Systems Through the Combination of Controlled Polymerization Techniques and Click Reactions
Authors: Ozkose Umut Ugur , Gulyuz Sevgi , Khalily Melek Parlak , Ozcubukcu Salih , Bozkır Asuman , Taşdelen Mehmet Atilla , alpturk onur , Yılmaz Özgür
Published: June 2020

To optimize the therapeutic effect of pharmaceutical agents, drug delivery systems tailored from FDA-approved polymers like poly(L-lactide) (PLA) is an effective strategy. Because of their hydrophobic character, these systems greatly suffer from reduced circulation time thus, amphiphilic block copolymers became favourable to overcome this limitation. Of them, poly(oxazoline)-b-poly(L-lactide) are of choice as poly(oxazoline) (PEtOx) is compatibile, biodegradable, while exhibiting minimum cytotoxicity. To tailor selective drug targeting drug delivery systems, whereby their selectivity for tumour tissues is maximised, these polymers should be decorated with so-called tumour-homing agents, such as antibodies, peptides and so forth. To this respect, we designed a new block copolymer, allyl-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(L-lactide) allyl-(PEtOx-b-PLA) and its subsequent conjugation to tumour-homing peptides, peptide-18 and peptide-563 at the terminal position. In this manuscript, we report our synthetic route to obtain this building block and its conjugation to tumour-homing agents.
In-silico Identification of Novel Drug Target for Osteoarthritisinhuman using System Network Biology Approaches
Authors: srivastava Neha , Shukla Nityendra , Trivedi Aditya , srivastava Dr Prachi , Seth Prof Prahlad Kishore
Published: June 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disability in the world affecting a large number of persons s yet the mechanisms responsible for the disease is not well n understood. And therefore there is a lack of disease-modifying treatment options. It has several risk factors from systemic (e.g. age, sex, genetics, obesity) to biochemical factors (e.g. joint injury, muscle weakness, sport). The prevalence of OA is ever increasing due to the obesity epidemic and longevity. Since OA has strong genetic predisposition, in the study we attempted system network biology approach to identify a key candidate gene in a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of OA, which may play an important role in disease pathogenesis and help us to understand the development and progression of the disease. This information will help in target specific development of new molecules which may eventually lead to curative solutions for OA in human.
Potential Docking Affinity of Three Approved Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Rachakulla Venkata , Rachakulla Hemanjali
Published: June 2020

Potential Docking Affinity of three Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 treatment. Venkata Sambasiva Rao Rachakulla1, Hemanjali Devi Rachakulla2 1Department of Math, Greene County High School, Greensboro, GA, 30642 USA. 2Department of Science, Jonesboro High School, Jonesboro, GA, 30236, USA. 1Author for correspondence email: rachakullav@gmail.com 2Author email: hemanjali27@gmail.com Abstract Objectives: The availability of a safe and effective drug for COVID-19 is well-recognized as an additional tool to contribute to the control of the pandemic. At the same time, the challenges and efforts needed to rapidly develop, evaluate, and produce this at scale are enormous. It is vital that we evaluate as many vaccines as possible as we cannot predict how many will turn out to be viable. Methods: In this study, we have measured the virtual interaction of crystal data structures of protein downloaded from protein data bank (PDB ID 7BRP) with corticosteroid drug candidates approved by FDA for other medical purposes which have less side effects. The results are analyzed in contrast some drugs candidates currently using for the treatment of COVID-19. Results: The binding energies in kilocalories/mole obtained from the docking of 7BRP protease with ligands under investigation Betamethasone Phosphate (-6.9), Fluticasone (-6.1) and Dexamethasone (-5.9) and also with currently using drug candidates Remdesivir(-6.5), Lopinavir (-6.0), Baceprivir(-5.7), Rabavirin(-6), Ritinovir(-5.3), Hydroxyquinoline(-5.0), Chloroquine (-4.7), Oseltamivir(-4.6), Favipiravir(-3.9). Discussion: The docking results suggest a higher binding affinity of the drug molecules under investigation against SARS-CoV-2 in contrast with other drug candidates currently being used for the treatment of COVID-19. We have analyzed bond interactions of protein-ligand from images in 10 modes of investigated drugs in contrast with Remdesivir and also discussed the advantages of inhalation methods of drug fluticasone. Conclusion: From this study, it can be suggested that these drugs are promising candidates for antiviral treatment with high potential to fight against SARS-CoV-2 strain keeping in view various ways of administration of drugs currently practicing.
Self-Assembly of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes on Au(111)
Authors: Inayeh Alex , Groome Ryan , Singh Ishwar , Veinot Alex , Iima Felipe , Miwa Roberto , Crudden Cathleen , McLean Alastair
Published: June 2020

The production of ordered arrays of organic molecules on metallic surfaces by means of self-assembly is one of the most powerful methods for controlled patterning on the nanometer scale. Although the self-assembly of sulfurbased ligands has been studied for decades, the thermal and oxidative instability of these systems introduces challenges in many potential applications. In recent years, it has been shown that a new ligand class, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), bind to metal surfaces via a metal–carbon covalent bond, resulting in monolayers with much greater stability. However, fundamental questions surrounding self-assembly in this new ligand class remain unanswered, including the simple questions of what controls NHC orientation on the surface and under what conditions they self-assemble. Herein we describe how NHC structure, surface density, deposition temperature, and annealing temperature control mobility, thermal stability, NHC surface geometry, self-assembly, and the exact chemical nature of the surface structures. These data provide the first general set of guidelines to enable the rational design of highly ordered NHC-based monolayers. Considering that NHCs may supplant thiols as the functionalization agent of choice in a wide range of applications, a detailed understanding of their surface chemistry is crucial for the success of these next-generation monolayers.
AFIKS DERIVATIF PADA LAGU ED SHEERAN DALAM ALBUM DIVIDE: SUATU KAJIAN MORFOLOGIS
Authors: Devita Afni
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi proses afiks derivatif dan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis derivasi pada lirik lagu-lagu Ed Sheraan dalam album Divide. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Data diambil dari lirik lagu Ed Sheeran album Divide. Teori yang digunakan adalah proses afiks derivatif dan jenis-jenis derivasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 20 lirik yang mengandung afiks derivatif. Dari 20 data tersebut terdapat 3 jenis prefiks dan 6 sufiks. Sementara itu, terdapat dua jenis derivasi yaitu derivasi fungsi dan transposisi. Derivasi fungsi terdiri atas 4 data dan transposisi terdiri atas 16 data.
PERSOALAN-PERSOALAN SOSIAL DALAM NOVEL PASUNG JIWA KARYA OKKY MADASARI
Authors: Sultoni Achmad , Simanungkalit Kaleb E.
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persoalan-persoalan sosial yang terdapat dalam novel Pasung Jiwa karya Okky Madasari. Sumber data penelitian adalah buku novel Pasung Jiwa karya Okky Madasari yang bertemakan sosial. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode mendeskripsikan data secara mendalam. Data dikumpulkan melalui tahapan pembacaan teks novel Pasung Jiwa secara seksama, mengklasifikasikan data, menafsirkan hasil analisis data, mengkonfirmasi hasil analisis, selanjutnya menyimpulkan hasil analisis. Hasil dari kajian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat enam bentuk persoalan sosial yang terdapat dalam novel Pasung Jiwa karya Okky Madasari, yaitu: persoalan kemiskinan, persoalan kejahatan, persoalan disorganisasi keluarga, persoalan generasi muda, persoalan konflik sosial, dan persoalan birokrasi.
MENEROKA KONVIGURASI DAN RELASI LEKSIKAL LEKSEM SIKAP BATIN RANAH MAKNA KEMARAHAN DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Zabadi Fairul
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang leksem sikap batin “kemarahan” dalam bahasa Indonesia yang dalam definisi dan penggunaannya banyak yang bertumpang tindih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan konvigurasi dan relasi leksikal leksem sikap batin ranah kemarahan melalui analisis komponen makna sehingga ciri yang sama dan pembeda setiap leksem jelas. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi yang menggunakan dokumen dan penggunaan kalimat sebagai rangka uji untuk menemukan simpulan yang valid. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa konfigurasi leksikal leksem memiliki hubungan hierarki atas-bawah (marah1 dengan dongkol, jengkel, sebal, kesal, gondok dan marah 2 dengan leksem kalap, berang, gusar, bengis) dan hubungan sejajar (leksem jengkel dan mangkel).  Sementara itu, relasi leksikal yang terjadi adalah relasi kehiponiman dan relasi kesinoniman. Relasi leksikal kehiponiman terjadi antara leksem marah dengan leksem marah 1, marah 2, dan jengkel serta mengkel. Leksem marah merupakan hiperonim, sedangkan marah 1, marah 2, dan jengkel serta mengkel   merupakan hiponim dari leksem marah. Hubungan kehiponiman juga tampak antara marah1 dengan leksem dongkol, jengkel,sebal, kesal, dan gondok dan marah 2 dengan leksem kalap, berang, gusar, bengis. Marah 1 merupakan hiperonim dari leksem dongkol, jegkel, sebal, kesal, dan gondok dan marah 2 merupakan hiperonim dari leksem kalap, berang, bengis. Relasi leksikal kesinoniman yang terjadi bersifat sinonimi dekat, tidak sinonimi mutlak.
PERGESERAN SOSIAL BUDAYA MASYARAKAT SUNGAI : SEBUAH PEMBACAAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA TERHADAP CERITA PENDEK “JUKUNG” KARYA ZULFAISAL PUTERA
Authors: Wijanarti Titik
Published: June 2020

The river is one important part that is so attached to the life of the Banjar people of South Kalimantan from time to time. This study analyzes a literary work that also discusses the life of the Banjar community related to river life, namely a short story titled "Jukung" by Zulfaisal Putera. The short story presents a family conflict between Anang and his mother, which originated from differences in views on life related to rivers. That problem is described and analyzed sociologically in this study. In accordance with the formulation of the problem, this study aims to describe the meaning of the river sociologically for the Banjar community, especially in the social construction of the community associated with shifting values in society related to modernity and globalization. This research utilizes the theory of sociology of literature with a focus on the relationship between the social reality of society with social reality in literary works. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis. The results of the analysis of literary sociology show that the short story "Jukung" illustrates the socio-cultural shift of the Banjar communities as a result of modernity.
KATA MAJEMUK DALAM TEKS BERITA DARING CNN INTERNARTIONAL EDISI SEPTEMBER 2019: KAJIAN MORFOLOGI
Authors: Fauziyah Syifa Wasilatul
Published: June 2020

The title of this research is “Compounding in CNN International Online Newspaper September, 2019: Morphological Studies”. this research aims to describe the compounding form and compounding category in CNN Internatinal online newspaper, September 2019. The method in this research is used qualitative descriptive research method. The data in this research were obtined by reading the CNN Internatinal online newspaper, September 2019. The result of this research shows that the compounding process in CNN Internatinal online newspaper, September 2019 can be classified into two forms they are writing forms and compounding forms. In writing forms they are open form and close form and the form of compounding they are endocentric compound (which has a head of compound words) and exocentric compound (which has no a head of a compound word). The category of the data they are compound noun (noun+noun/verb+noun) and compound verb (noun+verb).
SOSOK PEREMPUAN JAWA DALAM NOVEL GGA PRESPEKTIF AMANGKURAT I: TINJAUAN STRUKTURALISME GENETIK
Authors: Lestari Sri
Published: June 2020

This study aims to describe the social structure of the GGA novel based on the perspective of the Mataram ruler. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a research strategy using content analysis with a genetic structuralism approach. Data and data sources in this study are in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs contained in the GGA novel by RH Widada. Other than that the data will be supported by the transcript results of the author’s interview. Data collection techniques with library techniques, refer to and record. Data validation techniques with data triangulation, researchers, and methodology. Data analysis in this study used the interactive model analysis Miles and Huberman. The result showed that the figure of Javanese woman was seen as a figure that could be taken to be a concubine or consort in accordance or consort in accordance with the wishes of the king regardless of marital status or not, a female figure could also be possessed by the king by searching/hunting throughout the country, a cruel punishment to women, the use of women as initiators kenya formidable king’s bodyguards and women symbol of the king’s keprabon revelation.
KERATON AGUNG SEJAGAT DAN REPRESENTASI PARA AKTOR SOSIALNYA DALAM WACANA BERITA DI KOMPAS.COM
Authors: Budhiono Ralph Hery
Published: June 2020

The appearance of some new kingdoms in Indonesia seized the public’s attention. The media then covered and published the issue to the readers. Some perspectives used in gaining and reporting the news. One of their focuses is on how to represent any social actors involved. This paper will discuss what techniques used by the writer in representing any social actors in two news articles deal with Keraton Agung Sejagat released by Kompas.com. The aim is to give a description what techniques used and its implication to the news as a whole. Critical Discourse Analysis will be the domain of the paper, meanwhile van Leeuwen’s view of social actors will be the core. This qualitative-descriptive paper is conducted in three stages, which are data providing, analysis, and the presentation of the analysis. Based on the analysis, there are eleven techniques used, i.e. exclusion, inclusion, activation, passivation, genericization, specification, individualization, assimilation, nomination, categorization, and personalization.
Quantum and Atomic Scale Materials Modeling in the Philippines: Status, Challenges, and Recommendations
Authors: Arevalo Ryan Lacdao
Published: June 2020

The computational materials modeling and simulation research landscape in the Philippines is explored to identify the problem areas and challenges faced by the experts in this field, thereby gaining insights for policy recommendations towards advancing this field in the country. The identified problem areas based on a survey administered to sixteen expert-respondents include the inadequate computational infrastructure, issues on funding, problems with students, administrative and teaching assignments, and lack of collaborations with the industry. Based on these results, policy recommendations were formulated, which include a proposed framework for an integrated computational and experimental approach in the national research and development agenda, enhancement of the national computing facility, amendment of the procurement law, dedicated funding for computational science, establishment of a junior research fellowship and an organized materials modeling community, and development of regional niches for computational materials science.
Targetting literacy goals
Authors: Nation Paul
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
Second language reading and incidental vocabulary learning
Authors: Nation Paul , Waring P
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
Identifying technical vocabulary
Authors: Chung T , Nation Paul
Published: June 2020

This study compared four different approaches to identifying technical words in an anatomy text. The first approach used a four step rating scale, and was used as the comparison for evaluating the other three approaches. It had a high degree of reliability. The least successful approach was that using clues provided by the writer such as labels in diagrams, typographical marking, and definitions. Using a technical dictionary was more successful, but had an accuracy rate around 80%. The fourth approach compared frequency of occurrence in the specialized text with frequency in a large more general corpus. This worked well, but failed to identify words like neck, chest, skin which were also in common usage. It also could not separate collocates of technical words (superior, posterior, transverse) from technical words. If collocates are included the accuracy rate is close to 90%. Being able to reliably identify technical vocabulary provides an essential starting point for looking at how learners and teachers should deal with technical vocabulary. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Identifying technical vocabulary
Authors: Nation Paul , Chung T
Published: June 2020

This study compared four different approaches to identifying technical words in an anatomy text. The first approach used a four step rating scale, and was used as the comparison for evaluating the other three approaches. It had a high degree of reliability. The least successful approach was that using clues provided by the writer such as labels in diagrams, typographical marking, and definitions. Using a technical dictionary was more successful, but had an accuracy rate around 80%. The fourth approach compared frequency of occurrence in the specialized text with frequency in a large more general corpus. This worked well, but failed to identify words like neck, chest, skin which were also in common usage. It also could not separate collocates of technical words (superior, posterior, transverse) from technical words. If collocates are included the accuracy rate is close to 90%. Being able to reliably identify technical vocabulary provides an essential starting point for looking at how learners and teachers should deal with technical vocabulary. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Planning and running an extensive reading program
Authors: Nation Paul
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
Using communicative tasks to teach vocabulary
Authors: Nation Paul , Hamilton-Jenkins A
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
Graded Readers and Vocabulary
Authors: Nation Paul , Wang K
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
Teaching speaking: Suggestions for the classroom
Authors: Nation Paul , Brown Sanborn
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
The four strands of a language course
Authors: Nation Paul
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
Can text be too friendly?
Authors: Nation Paul , Nagabhand Saranya , Franken Margaret
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
Managing group discussion:: Problem-solving tasks
Authors: Nation Paul
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
How large can a receptive vocabulary be?
Authors: Goulden R , Nation Paul , Read J
Published: June 2020

Studies of vocabulary size based on dictionary sampling have faced several methodological problems. These problems occur in trying to answer the following three questions: (I) How do we decide what to count as words? (2) How do we choose what words to test? (3) How do we test the chosen words? The present study attempts to overcome these problems and checks in several ways to see if the problems have been overcome. The results indicate that what were previously thought of as conservative estimates of vocabulary size are likely to be the most accurate. These estimates suggest that well-educated adult native speakers of English have a vocabulary of around 17,000 base words. This represents an acquisition rate of around two to three words per day. © 1990 Oxford University Press.
Rethinking Science, Religion and Nature in Environmental History: Drought in Early Twentieth-Century New Zealand
Authors: Beattie James
Published: June 2020

This article investigates popular and elite conceptions of science and religion in an early twentieth-century European settler society. It uses the case-study of rainmaking experiments and prayers in North Otago, New Zealand, in 1907, to challenge two dominant paradigms about New Zealand society: first, that scientific rationalism was automatically antipathetic to religion and, second, that by the early twentieth century scientific ideas were secularizing New Zealand society. North Otago's residents viewed prayer and experiment as complementary activities designed to meet the same ends; there was no distinctive, hermetically sealed division between the secular and the profane. Rainmaking also offers a fascinating way of exploring contested notions of science. While local residents enthusiastically embraced the use of explosives to bring rain, meteorologists decried these measures as unscientific and amateurish, thereby attempting to increase the legitimacy of their own profession. The reaction to North Otago's rainmaking prayers and experiments differed considerably from that of other societies such as in England and Australia in which similar prayers and experiments were undertaken. These differences reflected the special social and cultural characteristics of each country and, in New Zealand's case, its greater religious tolerance and social opportunities.
Pengaruh Variasi Glukosa dalam Pembuatan Selongsong Sosis dengan Proses Fermentasi Air Kelapa menggunakan Sistem Batch Reaktor
Authors: YUHANIANSYAH NISA , PRATAMA YULIANTI , SALAFUDIN SALAFUDIN
Published: June 2020

AbstrakSalah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pembentukan selulosa dalam proses fermentasi oleh A. xylinum adalah sumber karbon. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan konsentrasi glukosa yang optimum terhadap ketebalan selulosa berdasarkan variasi jenis pipa dan perlakuan pipa. Proses fermentasi menggunakan sistem batch reaktor skala laboratorium yang disuplai oksigen murni selama 16 hari fermentasi dengan nilai pH 4,30. Variasi jenis pipa yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah pipa PVC dan pipa PET dengan perlakuan digores dan tanpa digores. Variasi konsentrasi glukosa yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25%. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada penambahan konsentrasi glukosa sebesar 15% dan menggunakan pipa PVC dengan perlakuan digores karena menghasilkan selulosa dengan ketebalan 0,2 cm dengan nilai persentase penurunan COD 62,16%, BOD 72,62%, Kadar Glukosa 87,77%, pH 11,11% dan persentase peningkatan TPC 87,13%.Kata kunci: Acetobacter xylinum, BOD, Fermentasi, Reaktor Batch, TPC  Variasi GlukosaAbstractCellulose is a fermented product by the bacterium. Acetobacter xylinum from the degradation source contained in the coconut water substrate. One factor that influences the process of cellulose formation in the fermentation process by A. xylinum i is a carbon source. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum glucose concentration on cellulose thickness based on variations of pipe types and pipe treatment. A laboratory-scale batch system reactor which is supplied with pure oxygen for 16 days of fermentation with a pH value of 4.30. Variations in the type of pipe used in the study are PVC pipes and PET pipes with scratched and without scratched treatment. Variations in glucose concentration used in the study were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The best results were obtained by the thickness of 0.2 cm with a percentage of COD reduction of 62.16%, BOD 72.62%, Glucose Level 87.77%, pH 11.11% and 87.13% TPC increase percentage.Keywords: Acetobacter xylinum, BOD, Fermentation, Batch Reactor, TPC, Variation of Glucose
Perhitungan Beban Emisi Gas Buang SO2 dari Kendaraan Bermotor di Ruas Jalan Utama Kota Bandung menggunakan Pemodelan Terbalik
Authors: OKTAVIAN KIRANA , PERMADI DIDIN AGUSTIAN , DIRGAWATI MILA
Published: June 2020

AbstrakKota Bandung sebagai kota dengan aktivitas transportasi yang tinggi menghasilkan emisi pencemar di udara, salah satunya adalah Sulfur Dioksida (SO2). Data pengukuran kualitas udara roadside rata-rata pertahun oleh Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Bandung (DLH Kota Bandung) bahwa trend peningkatan konsentrasi SO2 dari tahun 2017-2018 sebesar 46%. Meninjau dari dampak yang disebabkan terhadap kesehatan manusia maupun lingkungan, maka diperlukan suatu upaya pengendalian pencemaran udara, salah satunya adalah inventarisasi emisi (IE). Pelaksanaan IE di Indonesia masih terdapat kekurangan dalam segi teknis maupun non teknis. Data faktor emisi yang digunakan dalam perhitungan beban emisi belum spesifik terhadap kondisi lalu lintas di Kota Bandung. Selain itu, metode IE secara umum memerlukan banyak pengambilan data. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah perhitungan beban emisi dari sektor transportasi dengan menggunakan metode pemodelan terbalik. Metode ini memberikan informasi nilai estimasi faktor emisi melalui hasil pengukuran udara. CALINE4 merupakan salah satu model kualitas udara yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk konsep pemodelan terbalik. Kata kunci: Sulfur Dioksida, Model Terbalik, CALINE4, Faktor Emisi, Beban Emisi AbstractBandung City is a growing cities with intensive transportation activities which are expected to emit air pollutants such as Sulfur Dioxide (SO2). Based on data from the average annual roadside air quality measurement by DLH Kota Bandung that the trend of increasing SO2 concentrations from 2017-2018 is 46%. The necessary for controlling air pollution in Bandung City is needed, one of which is inventory of emissions (IE). Implementation of IE in Indonesia is still lacking in various aspects. Emission factor data that were used in the calculation of emission loads is not specific to the traffic conditions in Bandung. In addition, the IE method generally requires a lot of data retrievall. The purpose of this study is to calculate the emission load of SO2 from the transportation sector by using the inverse modeling method. This method provides information on the estimated value of emission factors through the results of air measurements. CALINE4 air quality models was used for the purpose.  Keywords: Sulfur Dioxide, Inverse Modelling, CALINE4, Emission Factor, Emission Load
Pengembangan Penentuan Daerah Prioritas Terhadap Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah Berdasarkan SNI 19-2454-2002 (Studi Kasus: Wilayah Pelayanan Bandung Selatan)
Authors: HAFIDZAH YUNITA RACHMAH , AINUN SITI
Published: June 2020

AbstrakWilayah pelayanan sampah Kota Bandung yang saat ini dilakukan berdasarkan zonasi, berdasarkan jarak terdekat dengan pengelolaan yang sama. Dibutuhkan pembentukan daerah prioritas untuk meminimalisir permasalahan sampah. Penentuan daerah prioritas akan dilakukan di wilayah pelayanan Bandung Selatan menurut metode SNI 19-2454-2002. Tujuan dari studi ini yaitu mengembangkan skala kepentingan daerah pelayanan yang disesuaikan dengan ketersediaan data. Hasil kajian menunjukkan, terdapat 1 dari 6 parameter yang dirubah yaitu parameter kondisi lingkungan menjadi parameter area beresiko persampahan. Sementara itu, terjadi pengembangan di kriteria penilaian, bobot, nilai kerawanan sanitasi dan potensi ekonomi. Pengembangan kriteria penilaian terjadi pada parameter fungsi dan nilai daerah, kondisi lingkungan, topografi, dan tingkat pendapatan penduduk. Kata kunci: Daerah Prioritas, Pengembangan,parameter, SNIAbstractThe distribution of the Bandung City waste service area that is currently running based on zoning, thus, is needed to establish priority areas in the service area that has the lowest level of service in the hope of increasing the level of waste services in the city of Bandung. Based on this, the establishment of priority areas will be carried out in the area of Bandung South Bandung service by using the SNI 19-2454-2002 method. The purpose of this study is to develop the scale of interest in service areas that are adjusted to the availability of data. The results of the study show that there are 1 of 6 parameters that are changed, namely the parameters of environmental conditions into parameters of the area at risk of solid waste. Meanwhile, there are developments in the assessment criteria, weight, sanitation vulnerability and economic potential. Development of assessment criteria occurs in the parameters of function and value area, environmental conditions, topography, and population income level.Keywords: Priority area, development, parameters, SNI
Identifikasi Senyawa BTEX pada Asap Kendaraan Bermotor Roda Dua
Authors: MAULANA YUSUF EKA , YULIANA TRISNA , ROHMAH AINI ASPIATI
Published: June 2020

AbstrakPenggunaan kendaraan bermotor roda dua di Indonesia semakin berkembang pesat. Semakin tinggi tingkat penggunaan transportasi yang beroperasi disuatu daerah, maka akan semakin tinggi pula potensi pencemaran udara di daerah tersebut. Jika pembakaran pada kendaraan bermotor tidak sempurna maka dapat dihasilkan senyawa yang berbahaya yaitu benzene (C6H6), toluene (C7H8), ethylbenzene (C8H9), dan xylene (C8H10) atau biasa disingkat BTEX. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa BTEX dan senyawa hidrokarbon lainnya dalam asap kendaraan bermotor dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas-spektrometer massa (GC-MS). Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan yangsangat kuat antara standard dengan hasil pengukuran yaitu dengan R2 di atas 0,99. Identifikasi menunjukkan senyawa BTEX yang terbentuk adalah Benzene, Toluene, Etil Benzene, Xylene.Kata kunci: kendaraan bermotor, hidro karbon, BTEX, GC-MS.AbstractThe use of two wheels motorized vehicles or motorcycles in Indonesia is growing rapidly. It has been known that the greater the number of two wheels motorized vehicles the higher the potential for air pollution. If the combustion occur incomplete, hazardous compounds can be generated, namely benzene (C6H6), toluene (C7H8), ethylbenzene (C8H9), and xylene (C8H10) or commonly abbreviated BTEX. The purpose of this study was to identify BTEX compounds and other hydrocarbon compounds in motor vehicle fumes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometers. The identification results indicate a very strong relationship between the standard and the measurement results, with R2 above 0.99. Identification shows that BTEX compounds formed are Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylene. Keywords: motorcycles, hidro karbon, BTEX, GC-MS.
Effects of crude oil treatment on the morphology and performance of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms) in Niger-Delta region of Nigeria
Authors: Iwubeh Jonathan Chukwudi , Ikechukwu Izundu Alexandra , Praise Egboka Tochukwu , Azubuike Anukwuorji Chidozie , Francise Anyaegbu Chiamaka
Published: June 2020

Many aquatic plants existing in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria are at the risk of extinction due to oil spill. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of different concentrations of crude oil on the morphology and growth performance of the hydrophyte, Eichhornia crassipes present in coastal waters of Nigeria’s Niger Delta region, where crude oil exploitation as well as oil spill is high. The plant, E. crassipes was subjected to varying concentrations of crude oil treatments (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%). Each treatment was replicated three times. The performance was measured using various growth parameters which include height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight. The results showed that the control plant performed better than the treated plants with respect to all the morphological characters considered. The control plant of E. crassipes produced a height of 7.56±0.028 from an initial height of 6.02±0.028. Among the treated plants, 1.25% and 2.5% promoted height, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight up to the 6th week of growth while 7.5% and 10% decreased plant height up to the 4th week. The E. crassipes treated with 7.5% and 10% crude oil concentrations died 6 weeks following the treatments. The ability of E. crassipes to tolerate the different levels of crude oil was authenticated in this study. However, the study showed that there is a limit of sustenance of petroleum hydrocarbons pollution for E. crassipes above which toxicity will apply.
Evaluation of yield performance and establishment methods of drought tolerant rice genotypes under rainfed condition in drought prone areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam M.M. , Ali M.I. , Islam M.S. , Alam A.B.M.S. , Rahman M.H. , Islam M.A.
Published: June 2020

Two field experiments were carried out at farmer’s field of Rajshahi and Chapainawabgonj under the Department of Agronomy, BINA during aman season of 2017 and 2018 consecutively to evaluate the drought tolerant rice varieties under different establishment methods in rain fed condition. First experiment (E1) was conducted to find out the performance of varieties and second experiment (E2) was to find out the suitability of method of transplanting/sowing in combination with short duration aman varieties. Different methods were as direct seeding, puddled and un-puddled transplanting and cultivars were used to cultivate BRRI dhan56, Binadhan-7, Binadhan-17 (except in second experiment) and Huttra (local cultivar). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The recommended fertilizer doses applied for the experiment were 80 kg N ha-1, 15 kg P ha-1, 50 kg K ha-1, 20 kg S ha-1 and 2 kg Zn ha-1. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and zinc were supplied from urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and zinc sulphate monohydrate respectively while urea was applied in three equal splits. Among the cultivar Binadhan-17 produced statistically higher grain yield (5.62 t ha-1) at Chapainawabgonj. Among methods Binadhan-7 statistically higher grain yield 5.32 t ha-1 and 5.21 t ha-1, respectively) in puddle transplanting method both Chapainawabgonj and Rajshahi region during 2017. Among the cultivar Huttra (local) produced statistically higher grain yield (5.43 t ha-1) at Chapainawabgonj. Among methods, BRRI dhan56 statistically higher grain yield 6.37 t ha-1 and 6.19 t ha-1, respectively) in puddle transplanting method bothat Rajshahi and Chapainawabgonj during 2018. Overall results indicates that BRRI dhan56, Binadhan-7, Binadhan-17 performed better in puddled transplanting, Huttra (local) in direct seeding method in drought prone region of Bangladesh.
Growth and yield of boro rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to crop establishment methods and varieties
Authors: Rahman Afrina , Salam Md. Abdus , Kader Md. Abdul , Islam Md. Shafiqul , Perveen Suriaya
Published: June 2020

Physiological attributes and yield performance of high yielding varieties (HYV) of rice cultivars need to be assessed by crop establishment methods before promoting a suitable crop establishment method in Bangladesh. We, therefore, conducted an experiment to study the effects of crop establishment methods on the growth and yield of boro rice. The experiment comprised of two factors; factor A: methods of crop establishment viz., dry direct seeding, unpuddle transplanting, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and puddle transplanting; factor B: rice cultivars viz., BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan58, BRRI dhan74 and BRRI hybrid dhan3. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications where method of crop establishment was assigned to the main plot and rice cultivar was assigned to the sub plots. Data were collected at different growth stages and at harvest. From the results, it was found that growth, yield and yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by crop establishment methods. The highest leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter and grain yield were found in puddle transplanting method. The highest grain yield was obtained in puddle transplanting method due to accumulation of maximum dry matter and production of highest number of effective tillers hill-1 and grains panicle-1. Among the varieties the highest grain yield was obtain in BRRI hybrid dhan3 due to highest number of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight. The highest grain yield (6.21 t ha-1) was found in puddle transplanting with BRRI dhan28, while the lowest grain yield (2.80 t ha-1) was produced in dry direct seeding with BRRI dhan28. Therefore, puddle transplanting with BRRI dhan28 might be recommended due to best physiological performance and obtaining highest grain yield of boro rice.
Salinity induced deleterious effects on germination, growth, physiological and biochemical process of two varieties of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Akter Sharmin , Jharna Dilruba Yeasmin , Mali Sujan Kanti , Sayeed Abu
Published: June 2020

The present study was accomplished to find out the effects of salinity on germination, growth, physiological and biochemical processes of two different groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), varieties viz., Dacca-1, and Zhinga groundnut. The experiments consisted of five salinity treatments viz., control (no salinity), 3, 6, 9, and 12dS/m during germination and vegetative stage of groundnut varieties. Results showed that germination percentage of both the groundnut varieties was significantly decreased with the increase of salt concentration. During the germination stage, maximum shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight and shoot and root dry weight of groundnut varieties were recorded from Zhinga groundnut variety at salt stress. The same result occurred during the vegetative stage of Dacca-1 variety while the Zhinga groundnut variety showed maximum parameters than Dacca-1. Fresh weight, as well as dry weight, of shoots and roots of both the groundnut varieties was also decreased with the increase of salt concentrations while leaf proline concentrations were increased among these varieties. Salinity caused significant (P<0.001) reduction in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content in both the genotypes. Between two genotypes, Zhinga groundnut recorded higher chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content than Dacca-1. From the studies, it is concluded that the groundnut genotype Zhinga was identified as the tolerant genotype to salt stress than Dacca-1. Overall results indicate that high salinity condition is not suitable for growing the groundnut.
Kızılgerdan Kuş Popülasyonu Biyoakustik Kayıtlarının Takibi İçin Kuş Sesi Tanıma Yöntemi Geliştirilmesi
Authors: ARAS Selim , ÜSTÜN ERCAN Seda
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, Kızılgerdan kuş popülasyonuna ait dört alt türün biyoakustik özelliklerinden tespiti için uygun öznitelik ve sınıflandırma yöntemi araştırılmıştır. Özniteliklerin belirlenmesi için Mel Frekansı Kepstrum Katsayıları temel alınmış ve bu katsayılardan istatistiksel parametreler yardımıyla hesaplanabilecek uygun öznitelik araştırması yapılmıştır. Sınıflandırma aşamasında Doğrusal Ayırma Ayıracı, Destek Vektör Makineleri ve k-En Yakın Komşuluk ve Ardışıl İleri Yönlü Öznitelik yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Sınıflandırıcı parametreleri 10-kat çapraz doğrulama yöntemi ile eğitim setinde belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra, eğitilmiş sınıflandırıcı parametreleri test veri setine uygulanarak sınıflandırma doğruluğu elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çalışmamızda Mel Frekansı Kepstrum katsayıları temel alınarak hesaplanan ortalama, etkinlik ve karmaşıklık parametreleri k-En Yakın Komşuluk Yöntemi ile sınıflandırıldığında en iyi başarım elde edilmiştir. Önerdiğimiz yöntemin sınıflandırma başarımı eğitim kümesinde %97, test kümesinde ise %94 olarak elde edilmiştir.