bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sarcococca saligna fabricated gold nanoparticles alleviated in vitro oxidative stress and inflammation in human adipose‐derived stem cells
Authors: Naseer Nadia , Mustafa Muhammad Munam , Latief Noreen , Fazal Numan , Tariq Muhammad , Afreen Afshan , Yaqub Faiza , Riazuddin Sheikh
Published: August 2023

Oxidative stress is a destructive phenomenon that affects various cell structures including membranes, proteins, lipoproteins, lipids, and DNA. Oxidative stress and inflammation owing to lifestyle changes may lead to serious diseases such as Cancers, Gout, and Arthritis etc. These disorders can be prevented using different therapeutic strategies including nanomedicine. Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) because of their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant bioactivities can be key player in reversal of these ailments. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant potential of bio fabricated GNPs with Sarcococca saligna (S. saligna) extract on injured human adipose‐derived Mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs). GNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive x‐ray (EDS). Phytochemical screening of biosynthesized GNPs exhibited a significant release of polyphenols, that is, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). GNPs priming amended the in vitro injury caused by Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA) as exhibited by improved cell viability, wound closure response and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). The anti‐inflammatory conduct assessed through NF‐κB pathway and other associated inflammatory markers reported down‐regulation of TNF‐α (0.644 ± 0.045), IL‐1β (0.694 ± 0.147) and IL‐6 (0.622 ± 0.112), apoptosis causing genes like Caspase‐3 (0.734 ± 0.13) and BAX (0.830 ± 0.12), NF‐κB pathway, p65 (0.672 ± 0.084) and p105 (0.539 ± 0.083) associated genes. High SOD activity (95 ± 5.25%) revealed by treated hADMSCs with GNPs also supported the antioxidant role of GNPs in vitro model. This study concludes that S. saligna bio fabricated GNPs priming may improve the therapeutic potential of hADMSCs against chronic inflammatory problems by regulating NF‐κB pathway.
Navigating the neutropenic abyss with granulocyte transfusions: Retrospective single‐center analysis of effectiveness and safety in India
Authors: Desai Priti , Navkudkar Anisha , Bagal Bhausaheb , Dhamne Chetan , Jain Hasmukh , Sengar Manju , Chinnaswamy Girish , Nayak Lingaraj
Published: August 2023

Background

Hemato‐oncologic patients receiving intensive chemotherapy may develop severe neutropenia and serious bacterial and/or fungal infections. Granulocyte transfusions (GTs) may be beneficial as a bridging therapy in hemato‐oncologic patients with febrile neutropenia.

Aim

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of GTs in hemato‐oncologic patients with febrile neutropenia.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of 150 GTs in 88 hemato‐oncologic patients. Donors were mobilized with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factors and dexamethasone. Patients' hematological parameters (pre‐ and post‐GT) and safety and effectiveness of GTs were analyzed.

Results

The safety and effectiveness of GTs were assessed in the patients with various underlying conditions, including 78% with acute myeloid leukemia. In total, 150 GTs were administered, mostly during the chemotherapy induction phase. The GTs were well‐tolerated by the patients, and a significant increment in white blood cell count and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was noticed in 95% of patients after the transfusion. The granulocyte dose was positively correlated with ANC after the transfusion. The average time to neutrophil recovery from the last day of GT was 6.7 days, and the 30‐day survival rate was 77%. The donors were all men, and a significant increase in WBC count was observed post‐mobilization. The median granulocyte yield was 2.28 × 1010/unit. All granulocyte products were crossmatched and irradiated before the transfusion.

Conclusion

GTs can be a useful adjunctive treatment for febrile neutropenia in hemato‐oncologic patients with multidrug‐resistant sepsis. However, additional studies are required for confirming their effectiveness and establishing guidelines for their use.
Ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2 and Omicron BA.5‐specific neutralizing antibody and T‐cell responses after Omicron bivalent booster vaccination in previously infected and infection‐naive individuals
Authors: Mak Willem A. , Visser Wendy , van der Vliet Marijke , Markus Hilde Y. , Koeleman Johannes G. M. , Ong David S. Y.
Published: August 2023

Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) bivalent ancestral/Omicron messenger RNA (mRNA) booster vaccinations became available to boost and expand the immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Omicron infections. In a prospective cohort study including 59 healthcare workers, we assessed SARS‐CoV‐2 ancestral and Omicron BA.5‐specific neutralizing antibody and T‐cell responses in previously infected and infection‐naive individuals. Also, we assessed the effect of an ancestral/Omicron BA.1 bivalent mRNA booster vaccination on these immune responses. 10 months after previous monovalent mRNA vaccinations, ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2 S1‐specific T‐cell and anti‐RBD IgG responses remained detectable in most individuals and a previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with increased T‐cell responses. T‐cell responses, anti‐RBD IgG, and Omicron BA.5 neutralization activity increased after receiving an ancestral/Omicron BA.1 bivalent booster mRNA vaccination. An Omicron BA.5 infection in addition to bivalent vaccination, led to a higher ratio of Omicron BA.5 to ancestral strain neutralization activity compared to no bivalent vaccination and no recent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In conclusion, SARS‐CoV‐2 T‐cell and antibody responses persist for up to 10 months after a monovalent booster mRNA vaccination. An ancestral/Omicron BA.1 bivalent booster mRNA vaccination increases these immune responses and also induces Omicron BA.5 cross‐neutralization antibody activity. Finally, our data indicate that hybrid immunity is associated with improved preservation of T‐cell immunity.
Leverage self‐ and other‐compassion to prevent the abuse trickle‐down
Authors: Duan Jinyun , Zong Zhaobiao , Wang Xiaotian , Wang Tingxi , Li Peikai
Published: August 2023

Although previous research has shown that abuse can trickle down from managers to supervisors, it remains unclear why many abused supervisors do not perpetuate the abuse of their subordinates. To address this issue, drawing upon frustration‐aggression and self‐regulation theory, the current research investigated the underlying mechanism of frustration and the mitigative effects of self‐ and other‐compassion in the manager abuse—supervisor frustration—supervisor abuse circle. Across two field studies (a time‐lagged survey study,N = 381, and an experience sampling study,N = 66, with 593 daily observations), we find support for our arguments at both between‐ and within‐person levels. Our findings support that there is a positive indirect relationship between manager abuse and supervisor abuse via supervisor frustration and that the indirect effect is weaker among supervisors who possess higher levels of self‐ and other‐compassion. We discuss the implications for theory and human resource practice.
Tradeoffs and synergies between food security and forest cover in Brazilian drylands
Authors: Alencar Lucas , Baldauf Cristina , Manhães Adriana Pellegrini , Melo Felipe P. L.
Published: August 2023

Global food demand is expected to increase in the next decades, pushing agricultural expansion and deforestation. However, food production in agricultural lands is just one dimension of food security, to which forest goods and services also contribute. In this paper, we aimed to explore the relationship between forest cover and food security. We hypothesized that food security is improved by both human‐made and green infrastructure combined. To test this relationship, we explore the relationships between forest cover and a multidimensional index of food security that included both socioeconomic and natural variables taken from Brazilian official databases for 1141 municipalities of the Brazilian Caatinga (a seasonally tropical dry forest). The index was formed by 12 principal components axes (12 PCs) and we found that financial poverty (PC 1) and economic inequality (PC 2) were the main determinants of food insecurity in Caatinga. We found that lowest food security values were found in two contrasting contexts: one is represented by poor and unequal municipalities with high forest cover while the other refers to poor and less unequal municipalities but with little forest cover. Municipalities with intermediate levels of forest cover had slightly higher food security, a consistent pattern across time (2006–2017). Win–win scenarios where both forest cover and food security increased with time were almost as common as lose–lose situations (25% and 22% respectively). This suggests a sort of balance between forests and human‐made land uses and reinforces that natural capital contributes to food security. Zero‐hunger is a main issue for sustainable development goals, and our results adds to the notion that both sustainable use of forests and socioeconomic improvements must coexist rather than being treated as antagonistic policies.
Near‐Infrared Responsive Nanomaterials for the Regulation of Ion Channel Function
Authors: Li Chaoqun , Gao Dong , Li Boying , Liu Xiaoning , Zhang Ran , Xing Chengfen
Published: August 2023

Ion channels are responsible for the propagation and integration of electrical signals in physiological processes. Overactivation or dysfunction of ion channel plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes and is an important research object for disease treatment. With the widespread application of optical technologies of near infrared (NIR) light responsive materials, the precise regulation of biological processes through optical control, featuring noninvasive, remote control, and high flexibility, has penetrated the physiological processes. In recent years, an increasing number of light‐stimulated materials have been developed and utilized, with stable properties, easy modification, and sensitive response, enabling precise control of biological processes at the forefront of biomedical research. This review summarizes NIR responsive materials in ion channel regulation and elucidates their action mechanism in regulating ion channel‐related diseases. It is hoped that this review can provide foundation of research for future light‐stimulated materials, promote the application of light‐stimulated materials in biomedical engineering, and be useful for clinical disease treatment.
A note on the Krein–Rutman theorem for sectorial operators
Authors: Li Desheng , Wang Ruijing , Zhou Luyan
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we present some generalized versions of the Krein–Rutman theorem for sectorial operators. They are formulated in a fashion that can be easily applied to elliptic operators. Another feature of these generalized versions is that they contain some information on the generalized eigenspaces associated with nonprincipal eigenvalues, which are helpful in the study of the dynamics of evolution equations in ordered Banach spaces.
Direct mass spectrometry analysis of exhaled human breath in real‐time
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Frankevich Vladimir , Ding Jianhua , Ma Yuanyuan , Chingin Konstantin , Chen Huanwen
Published: August 2023

The molecular composition of exhaled human breath can reflect various physiological and pathological conditions. Considerable progress has been achieved over the past decade in real‐time analysis of exhaled human breath using direct mass spectrometry methods, including selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, acetone‐assisted negative photoionization mass spectrometry, atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry, and low‐pressure photoionization mass spectrometry. Here, recent developments in direct mass spectrometry analysis of exhaled human breath are reviewed with regard to analytical performance (chemical sensitivity, selectivity, quantitative capabilities) and applications of the developed methods in disease diagnosis, targeted molecular detection, and real‐time metabolic monitoring.
Racial Differences in the Presentation and Progression of Huntington's Disease
Authors: Buchanan Danielle A. , Brown Amy E. , Osigwe Elicia C. , Pfalzer Anna C. , Mann Leah G. , Yan Yan , Kang Hakmook , Claassen Daniel O.
Published: August 2023

Background

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease that predominantly impacts a Caucasian population, but few efforts have explored racial differences in presentation and progression.

Objective

The aim was to assess the presentation and progression of HD across race groups using the Enroll‐HD longitudinal observational study.

Methods

We applied propensity score matching for cytosine–adenine–guanine age product score, and age, to identify White, Hispanic, Asian, and Black participants from the Enroll‐HD database. We compared clinical presentations at baseline, and progression over time, using White participants as a control cohort.

Results

Black participants were more severe at baseline across all clinical measures. No significant differences in progression were observed between race groups.

Conclusions

We consider the factors driving clinical differences at baseline for Black participants. Our data emphasize the necessary improvement in underrepresented minority recruitment for studies of rare diseases. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Exploration of global users' experiences of participating in the “Talk to Me” Mass Open Online Course mental health program
Authors: Milbourn Ben , Johannes Alyssa , Moreton Ashleigh , Thomas Liam , Clarke Nicholas , Zimmermann Frank , Kacic Viktor , Girdler Sonya , McGarry Sarah , Black Melissa
Published: August 2023

Young adults are particularly vulnerable to experiencing poor mental health. To improve mental health outcomes, there has been a rise in online mental health interventions. The “Talk to Me” Mass Open Online Course (MOOC) was designed to increase levels of mental health literacy among young adults and those close to them. Although online interventions are readily available to young adults, studies continue to report high attrition rates, indicating an unsatisfactory participant experience. This study explored the experiences of over 1600 global users engaging in the “Talk to Me” MOOC. A cross‐sectional survey design using quantitative and qualitative methods was used to explore user experiences of engaging in the online MOOC. Quantitative results found that 96% of participants found the “Talk to Me” MOOC to be “engaging” or “very engaging.” While 98.2% of participants agreed that their knowledge and skills had increased. Qualitative results found four dominant themes: integration and use of roleplay videos; skills, knowledge, and outcomes; accessibility; and technical references. These results add to the evidence base regarding online mental health interventions and indicate the perceived benefits of the “Talk to Me” MOOC. Participants reported an overall positive experience when engaging in the “Talk to Me” MOOC.
Directed self‐assembly of block copolymer thin films via momentary thickness gradients
Authors: Lee Su Eon , Kim Simon , Park Jun Hyun , Jin Ho Jun , Kim Hwa Soo , Kim Jang Hwan , Jin Hyeong Min , Kim Bong Hoon
Published: August 2023

In this study, a novel method to fabricate highly aligned lamellar nanostructures in a millimeter‐scale large area was demonstrated by directing the self‐assembly of block copolymer (BCP) thin films with a temporary thickness‐gradient micropattern via simple two‐step thermal annealing. In the first step of thermal annealing, the BCP nanostructure is latently guided by a phenomenon known as “geometric anchoring” for the area with a thickness gradient. The second annealing step causes thermal reflow of the height gradient micropattern with a sufficiently large curvature to flatten the micropattern. The shear stress generated by thermal reflow enlarged the grain of the BCP nanostructure, resulting in a highly aligned lamellar pattern over the entire area. Finally, the formation of periodic nanopatterns in large area was ensured by performing grazing‐incidence small‐angle x‐ray scattering. This innovative approach in directing the BCP self‐assembly promotes the fabrication of highly aligned nanostructures in large areas through cost‐effective and simple thermal imprinting method and designed two‐step heat treatment.
Low‐frequency oscillometry indices to assess ventilation inhomogeneity in CF patients
Authors: Fouzas Sotirios , Kogias Christos , Gioulvanidou Maria , Bertzouanis Aris , Chrysochoou Elisavet‐Anna , Anthracopoulos Michael Β. , Tsanakas John , Hatziagorou Elpis
Published: August 2023

Background

The utility of the forced oscillations technique (FOT) in cystic fibrosis (CF) remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to explore the ability of lower‐frequency FOT indices, alone and after adjustment for the lung volume, to assess the extent of ventilation inhomogeneity in CF patients with varying disease severity.

Methods

Forty‐five children, adolescents, and adults with CF (age 6.9–27 years) underwent spirometry, FOT, and nitrogen multiple‐breath washout (N2‐MBW) measurements. The respiratory resistance and reactance at 5 Hz (Rrs5 and Xrs5, respectively) were recorded, and a novel FOT index, the specific respiratory conductance (sGrs), was computed as the reciprocal of Rrs5 divided by the functional residual capacity.

Results

The sGrs correlated well with the lung clearance index (LCI) (Spearman's r: –.797), whereas the correlation of Rrs5 and Xrs5 with the LCI, albeit significant, was weaker (r: .643 and –.631, respectively). The sGrs emerged as the most robust predictor of LCI regardless of the severity of lung disease, as reflected by patients' age and lung function measurements. Most importantly, the relationship between sGrs and LCI remained unaffected by lung hyperinflation, as opposed to that of the LCI with the spirometric and standard FOT indices.

Conclusions

In CF patients, the FOT indices at 5 Hz and the novel, volume‐adjusted parameter sGrs, reflect the extent of lung involvement and the underlying ventilation inhomogeneity in a way comparable to N2‐MBW. Future research should explore the role of lower‐frequency FOT in assessing the severity and monitoring the progression of CF lung disease.
A geometrical framework for thinking about proteins
Authors: Banavar Jayanth R. , Giacometti Achille , Hoang Trinh X. , Maritan Amos , Škrbić Tatjana
Published: August 2023

We present a model, based on symmetry and geometry, for proteins. Using elementary ideas from mathematics and physics, we derive the geometries of discrete helices and sheets. We postulate a compatible solvent‐mediated emergent pairwise attraction that assembles these building blocks, while respecting their individual symmetries. Instead of seeking to mimic the complexity of proteins, we look for a simple abstraction of reality that yet captures the essence of proteins. We employ analytic calculations and detailed Monte Carlo simulations to explore some consequences of our theory. The predictions of our approach are in accord with experimental data. Our framework provides a rationalization for understanding the common characteristics of proteins. Our results show that the free energy landscape of a globular protein is pre‐sculpted at the backbone level, sequences and functionalities evolve in the fixed backdrop of the folds determined by geometry and symmetry, and that protein structures are unique in being simultaneously characterized by stability, diversity, and sensitivity.
Lessons learned in confined space entry management after a gas poisoning accident in China
Authors: Liu Ping , Ma Xu
Published: August 2023

On April 21, 2021, four workers died because of gas poisoning while attempting to maintain an agitator in a reactor at Heilongjiang Kailunda Technology Co., Anda, Heilongjiang Province, China. The event was characterized as a major incident occurring within a confined space. This article analyzes the incident by comparing China's and the US's safety regulations and standards regarding entry into confined spaces. The article concludes with the lessons learned and puts forward suggestions for the prevention of such incidents and for safety improvements in China.
Knowledge and attitude factors influencing primary care clinicians' diagnosis, treatment and management of urinary tract infections in women: A qualitative ‘think’ aloud study in England
Authors: Mwape Angela Kabulo , Schmidtke Kelly Ann , Brown Celia
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The present study aimed to identify factors related to knowledge and attitudes that influence primary care clinicians' decision‐making when diagnosing, treating, and managing suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women. Understanding the factors that influence clinicians' decision‐making is important for maximising health outcomes in women and reducing suboptimal use of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance.

Design

A qualitative think‐aloud study design was employed.

Methods

Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with primary care clinicians in England over Microsoft Teams. Interviews were transcribed and coded in two ways. First, clinicians' responses for each scenario were coded as either following (optimal), not following evidence‐based national guideline or incorrectly citing certain diagnosis, treatment, and management procedures (suboptimal). Second, the knowledge and attitude factors that influenced decision‐making were coded according to an empirically informed umbrella framework. Clinicians external to the study team reviewed the findings to promote their trustworthiness and utility.

Results

Ten clinicians (six female) took part. Clinicians prescribing decisions were mostly influenced by knowledge rather than attitude factors. Despite clinicians expressing high awareness of relevant evidence‐based guidelines (a knowledge factor) and high confidence (an attitude factor), more than half of their decisions (60%) were suboptimal in some way thereby impacting women's health. Most clinicians relied on their experiential knowledge rather than using evidence‐based guidelines. Our results suggest that knowledge could impede adherence, for example, where local guidelines conflict with national guidelines of when to perform a urine dipstick test.

Conclusions

Suboptimal prescribing decisions could result from a combination of different knowledge and attitude factors leading to negative outcomes in women's health such as inappropriate treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in women over 65 years old. To optimise antibiotic prescribing in women, policy‐level interventions could increase concordance across local and national guidelines, or more tailored individual‐level interventions could help clinicians recognise where their experiential knowledge causes deviations from evidence‐based guidelines when diagnosing, treating and managing UTIs.
Antibacterial Azo Dyes Containing Sulfa Drug Moieties and Their Colour Assessment on Printing Polyester Fabric
Authors: Abdel Zaher Khlood S. , Shaban Elkhabiry , Nawwar Galal A. M.
Published: August 2023

Synthesis of a new series of biologically active dyes containing the sulfa drug nucleus and its use in polyester silk screen printing were presented. Synthesis was performed via azo coupling with C and N Nucleophiles. Spectroscopic tools were used to characterize the synthesized azo derivatives. Also, testing of their printing properties, including fastness to washing, light, rubbing, perspiration, and sublimation were evaluated. The new dyes showed respectable fastness and good antibacterial resistance to the growth of certain species of gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. These low‐cost facile synthesized biologically active dyes could be used for sterilizing textiles.
Synthesis and Selected Transformations of New 2‐Aminopyridine Derivatives Based on Furan‐2(5H)‐ones
Authors: Hakobyan Robert M. , Shahkhatuni Astghik A. , Attaryan Hovhannes S. , Ayvazyan Armen G. , Melikyan Gagik S.
Published: August 2023

Compounds with γ‐lactone fragments, as well as derivatives of 2‐aminopyridines and 2‐aminopyridons, are biologically active, and some of them are used as drugs. The condensed combination of γ‐lactones with 2‐aminopyridones, such as the natural alkaloid cerpegin, has a wider spectrum of biological activities. Here we combined γ‐lactone and 2‐aminopyridine derivatives into one molecule via a single bond. A series of such compounds were synthesized in high yields through the transformations of unsaturated furan‐2(5H)‐ones. Interestingly, only two of the obtained compounds underwent intermolecular cyclization and led to new isoquinoline derivatives with skeletons similar to the “proton sponges”.
Crystallization Studies on the Stereocomplexation of Poly(ʟ‐lactide) / 4‐Armed Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐d,ʟ‐lactide)‐ block‐poly(d‐lactide) Blends
Authors: Jin Tingting , Dai Suyang , Wang Xiangyu , Jiang Ni , Ning Zhenbo , Gan Zhihua
Published: August 2023

A series of four‐armed poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐d,ʟ‐lactide)‐block‐poly(d‐lactide) (4a‐CDL‐D) copolymers with different poly(d‐lactide) (PDLA) block lengths (Mn,PDLA) were synthesized via ring opening polymerization using pentaerythritol as initiator. They were blended with poly(ʟ‐lactide) (PLLA) to improve its crystallization rate and mechanical properties. It was found that the crystallization of PLLA in the PLLA/4a‐CDL‐D blend was affected differently when Mn,PDLA changed. In the PLLA/4a‐CDL blend without PDLA blocks, the crystallization was retarded obviously because of the dilution effect of 4a‐CDL on PLLA crystallization. Interestingly, a crystallization acceleration effect was found when Mn,PDLA was 0.5k although no stereocomplex (SC) crystallites existed. When Mn,PDLA was 1k or higher (1.5k and 2k), SC crystallites could be formed in the PLLA/4a‐CDL‐D blends. However, when Mn,PDLA was 1k or 1.5 k, the formation of SC crystallites was difficult and they showed weaker acceleration effect on PLLA crystallization. While when Mn,PDLA was 2k, the crystallization of PLLA was accelerated markedly due to the significant increase of nucleation sites. At last, these blends had longer elongation at breaks than neat‐PLLA. This work provided a novel method for the acceleration of PLLA crystallization by adjusting the PDLA chain length in PLLA blends.
Nano Enabled Plasmonic Strips For Colorimetric Detection Of Food Adulterants
Authors: Selvaraj Sharmila , Ravi Shankaran Dhesingh
Published: August 2023

Paper‐based analytical devices constitute a remarkable platform for low‐cost and point‐of‐care application with minimal external resources. The present work aims at the development of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based plasmonic substrates for food sensor application. AuNPs were synthesized by using redox method with dual reducing agents (tannic acid and citrate ions). Physicochemical and sensing characteristics were determined by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The sensing characteristic was evaluated using melamine (MA) as representative analyte (food adulterants). HR‐TEM images imply that the synthesized AuNPs was spherically‐shaped with an average dimension of 5 nm. After the interaction of MA with AuNPs, the size of the NPs changed from 5 to 8.9 nm due to aggregation. The interaction of MA with AuNPs has been carried out in the solution phase as well as in the strip phase by visual and spectroscopic techniques. The concentration dependent color variation was observed with a limit of detection 5×10−5 M in the solution phase. This sensor probe is highly specific for MA and did not show any visible color variation with other adulterants. The sensor system is simple, reproducible and highly promising for rapid and low‐cost sensing of MA in food samples.
Microservice‐driven privacy‐aware cross‐platform social relationship prediction based on sequential information
Authors: Liu Hanwen , Qi Lianyong , Shen Shigen , Khan Arif Ali , Meng Shunmei , Li Qianmu
Published: August 2023

Currently, the accurate prediction of social relationships can effectively reduce the decision‐making burden of users in various service platforms. However, in the big data environment, the users' data information used for the relationship prediction is highly fragmented distribution, so it is a non‐trivial challenge to integrate the users' sequence data information from different platforms while preventing sensitive information leakage. To this end, based on the microservice environment, we devise a cross‐platform social relationship prediction approach (CPSRP) to address the above problems. Briefly, the improved Simhash method aggregates similar users into the common bucket. Then the embedding technique converts the users' sparse data information into the low‐dimensional dense continuous feature vectors; the redefined Gated Recurrent Unit (r‐GRU) network and the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network are employed to extract the overall temporal sequence features of users. The relationship prediction is finally executed according to the users' sequential features. Extensive experiments are conducted on Epinions, and the experimental results further prove the benefits of our proposal in terms of relationship prediction while protecting users' sensitive information.
Precipitation and Transformation of Carbides during Tempering of 7Cr14 Martensitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Wang Rui , Li Fenghao , Wu Zhonghao , Kang Yan , Fan Jing , Yu Zhiqiang , Yan Zhijie , Du Shen , Eckert Jürgen
Published: August 2023

The precipitation and transformation of carbides in steel are gaining more interest since they are closely related to the properties of steel. Herein, the precipitation and transformation of carbides during tempering of the 7Cr14 martensitic stainless steel subjected to high‐temperature solution treatment (HTST) are investigated. The results indicate that the precipitation of M3C (300–333 °C) and M23C6 (612–645 °C) carbides occurs during tempering of the HTST steel. The effective precipitation activation energies of M3C and M23C6 carbides are 120 ± 7 and 272 ± 13 kJ mol−1, respectively. The precipitation processes of M3C and M23C6 carbides are dominated by C and Cr atomic diffusion, respectively. Moreover, it is found that two transformation processes occur during tempering with increasing temperature, namely, M3C carbides dissolve in the matrix and then M23C6 carbides precipitate along the boundaries of martensitic laths, and the plate‐like M3C carbides decompose into several globular or rod‐like M23C6 carbides that arrange in a chain‐like morphology.
Engineering Nanoscale Homo–Heterojunction for Robust Z‐Scheme CO2 Conversion through Synchronous Amalgamation of Oxygen‐Defective Ultrathin BiVO4 and Red/Black Phosphorus
Authors: Fung Cheng-May , Ng Boon-Junn , Er Chen-Chen , Chong Wei-Kean , Low Jingxiang , Guo Xuecheng , Kong Xin Ying , Lee Hing Wah , Tan Lling-Lling , Mohamed Abdul Rahman , Chai Siang-Piao
Published: August 2023

Sunlight‐driven CO2 conversion into value‐added fuels emerges as an avant‐garde strategy to mitigate the imminent energy scarcity and global warming. Nevertheless, sluggish charge kinetics and rapid carrier recombination are deemed as the foremost bottlenecks of efficient CO2 photoreduction. In this contribution, the aforementioned shortcomings are addressed by assembling a homo–hetero architecture comprising oxygen‐defective ultrathin BiVO4 (BiVO4–Ov) and red/black phosphorus (RP/BP) homojunction with a built‐in nanoscale dual Z‐scheme electronic configuration. The development of BiVO4–Ov@RP/BP confers two electron relaying channels, that is, one from the RP/BP homojunction and another from the BiVO4–Ov/RP heterojunction, which warrant the efficient separation of electron–hole pairs. Besides, the ultrathin 2D and oxygen vacant nature of BiVO4–Ov exposes more active sites and renders electron trapping for efficient utilization of photogenerated charges. Amalgamating the desirable properties, the meticulously developed dual Z‐scheme homo–heterojunction system on the basis of surface defect‐engineered ultrathin BiVO4–Ov nanosheets integrated with RP/BP offers a new avenue for the exploration, design, and fabrication of new generation photocatalysts with exceptional photocatalytic activities. In particular, the BiVO4–Ov@RP/BP system demonstrates a remarkably high CH4 yield of 14.52 μmol g−1 after 6 h of visible light illumination, which resembles a leading‐edge photocatalytic performance among the existing BiVO4‐ and P‐based semiconductors.
Black Lives Matter and other signs of solidarity: Perspectives from Black STEM graduate students
Authors: Stone‐Sabali Steven , Mills Kristen J. , Mallory Allen B. , Alexander E.
Published: August 2023

Creating inclusive and supportive environments in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) educational settings are important tools for countering racially hostile academic spaces and attracting and retaining talented Black and African American students. STEM faculty and other university members may display Black Lives Matter and similar signs of solidarity to express their support for Black students. However, how Black students perceive such signs is unknown. On the one hand, the identity safety cue literature suggests such signs relate to increased comfort and a sense of belonging among individuals from minoritized groups. On the other hand, some contemporary perspectives toward Black Lives Matter and other signs of solidarity have been criticized for lacking substance and impact. Given the extant literature's omission of Black students' perspectives about signs of solidarity, the current study employed semi‐structured interviews and qualitative analytic methods to solicit and analyze the perspectives of 12 Black STEM graduate students. The findings revealed a general preference for some signs over others, as well as nuanced perspectives toward each sign of solidarity. Implications for STEM researchers and faculty who aspire to support Black students are discussed. Further, recommendations for adopting an informed ally approach are provided.
Sustainability and economic potential of solid waste generated in Tanzania's largest university campus
Authors: Kombe Godlisten Gladstone , Shemsanga Ceven
Published: August 2023

Despite the potential economic benefit that can be realized, universities in developing countries continue to invest money in disposing of solid wastes. This is because they often view solid wastes as a burden and a problem, rather than as a potential resource. This paper presents the results of a study that examined the sources, composition, and volume of solid waste at the University of Dodoma, the largest campus in Tanzania, and explored its potential environmental and economic benefits. The study found that the university generates an annual average of 644.56 tonnes of solid waste, with paper and cardboard accounting for 35.81%, plastics for 43.73%, e‐waste for 2.38%, food waste for 9.24%, clothes for 5.72%, glass for 1%, and metals for 2.12%. In spite of the potential economic benefits of recycling and composting, the university currently disposes of most of its waste, and does not engage in sorting and separation of waste at the source. The study estimates that 90.76% of the recyclable waste generated at the university has an economic value of 142,301.20 USD annually, and could be sold to relevant recycling markets, while 9.24% of the waste is compostable and has the potential to be used for biogas generation and composting. The paper discusses the economic potential of each identified solid waste stream, and presents recommendations for profitability and sustainable environmental management on campus. The paper offers valuable insights for other universities with similar settings and aspirations for sustainable waste management practices.
Dermoid sinus with distal dilation, meningocele and spina bifida in an English bulldog
Authors: Taylor‐Brown Frances
Published: August 2023

A 1‐year‐old, male, entire English bulldog presented for progressive paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed a dermoid sinus with distal dilation, meningocele and spina bifida. The lesion was successfully surgically resected, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a dermoid sinus enveloped with dura mater. This case adds to the literature on dermoid sinuses and demonstrates that there can be variations within the classically described types of dermoid sinus.
Autonoesis and episodicity: Perspectives from philosophy of memory
Authors: Sant’Anna André , Michaelian Kourken , Andonovski Nikola
Published: August 2023

The idea that episodic memory is distinguished from semantic memory by the fact that it involves autonoetic consciousness, initially introduced by Tulving, has been influential not only in psychology but also in philosophy, where a variety of approaches to autonoesis and to its relationship to episodicity have been developed. This article provides a critical review of the available philosophical approaches. Distinguishing among representational, metacognitive, and epistemic accounts of autonoesis, it considers these in relation to objective and subjective conceptions of episodicity and assesses them against immediacy and source criteria that any philosophical account of autonoesis should arguably aim to satisfy.

This article is categorized under:

Philosophy > Psychological Capacities

Philosophy > Consciousness

Psychology > Memory
Short Review of Biodiesel Production by the Esterification/Transesterification of Wastewater Containing Fats Oils and Grease (FOGs)
Authors: Ahmed Rawaz A. , Huddersman Katherine
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, the transformation of biomass into valuable chemicals and fuels through thermochemical, biochemical or even mixed technologies, is becoming increasingly popular and challenging. A promising solution for the near future is the substitution of non-renewable fossil fuels with a sustainable liquid feedstock for biofuel (biodiesel) production. The cost of conventional biodiesel production is higher than that of petroleum-based diesel production since it is produced mostly from expensive high-quality virgin oil. Conventionally, commercial biodiesel is produced via liquid base-catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides components of oil/fat with short-chain alcohols. It is that about 70–80% of the overall biodiesel production cost is associated with the cost of raw materials. Brown grease (with free fatty acid levels > 15%) is created from rendered trap waste and is known as Fats, Oils, and Greases (FOGs), it is a potential source of biodiesel feedstocks and is available at no cost. Many researchers are interested in using low-cost high Free Fatty Acid (FFA) oils as the feedstock for biodiesel production. This paper reviews the effect of feedstock pre-treatment and process parameters on the conversion of FOGs-wastewater to biodiesel by esterification-transesterification process.
External Context-Related Research: Digital Resources as Transformers of the Mathematics Teachers’ Context
Authors: Gueudet Ghislaine , Pepin Birgit
Published: August 2023

In this chapter we investigate the evolution of research in mathematics education related to digital resources as an essential element of the external context for mathematics teachers’ professional activity. In the relevant research literature, we identified different themes and different kinds of evolution. We investigate the evolution of research with respect to educational policies related to digital resources, and to teacher integration of digital resources, including digital assessment. We also analyze the evolution of research concerning the quality of digital curriculum resources, and discuss emerging research questions related to mathematics and programming; to collective dimensions of teachers’ work with digital resources; and about the COVID-19 pandemic consequences. The different kinds of research developments are a result of evolution in the external context, or from more general trends in the research in mathematics education. We finally discuss possible directions for future research.
Wald entropy in Kaluza-Klein black holes
Authors: Gómez-Fayrén Carmen , Meessen Patrick , Ortín Tomás , Zatti Matteo
Published: August 2023

Abstract

We study the thermodynamics of the 4-dimensional electrically charged black-hole solutions of the simplest 5-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory using Wald’s formalism. We show how the electric work term present in the 4-dimensional first law of black-hole thermodynamics arises in the purely gravitational 5-dimensional framework. In particular, we find an interesting geometric interpretation of the 4-dimensional electrostatic potential similar to the angular velocity in rotating black holes. Furthermore, we show how the momentum map equation arises from demanding compatibility between the timelike Killing vector of the black-hole solution and the spatial Killing vector of the 5-dimensional background.
Hunter-gatherer farming during the first millennium bce in inland, boreal landscapes: new pollen analytical and archaeological evidence from Dalarna, central Sweden
Authors: Wehlin Joakim , Ljunge Magnus O. , Larsson Petter I. , Eddudóttir Sigrún Dögg , Ekblom Anneli , Eriksson Jemt Anna
Published: August 2023

The archaeological evidence of a sedentary hunter-gatherer society during the early metal ages, i.e. the first and second millennia bce, in the central Scandinavian boreal inlands has previously been overlooked. In order to gain a deeper understanding of these past societies we have combined archaeological data with landscape-scale changes based on pollen records. The combined record clearly indicates landscape use characterized by domestication strategies that started during the Late Bronze Age ca. 1000 bce and further intensified during the Early Iron Age. Indications of cultivation of plants, as well as possible burning practices to clear shrub and forest, clearly show that arable farming and grazing were practiced in the area earlier than had previously been assumed. The farming economy seems to have involved mainly small scale arable farming. Fishing and hunting continued to be important, but the investment in the landscape shown by both pitfall systems and agriculture also express a domestication that would have required settled presence.
On the limit distribution of the power function induced by a design prior
Authors: De Santis Fulvio , Gubbiotti Stefania
Published: August 2023

The hybrid frequentist-Bayesian approach to sample size determination is based on the expectation of the power function of a test with respect to a design prior for the unknown parameter value. In clinical trials this quantity is often called probability of success (PoS). Determination of the limiting value of PoS as the number of observations tends to infinity, that is crucial for well defined sample size criteria, has been considered in previous articles. Here, we focus on the asymptotic behavior of the whole distribution of the power function induced by the design prior. Under mild conditions, we provide asymptotic results for the three most common classes of hypotheses on a scalar parameter. The impact of the design parameters choice on the distribution of the power function and on its limit is discussed.
Embedded adaptive fractional-order sliding mode control based on TSK fuzzy system for nonlinear fractional-order systems
Authors: Mostafa Esraa , Elshazly Osama , El-Bardini Mohammad , El-Nagar Ahmad M.
Published: August 2023

An adaptive fractional-order sliding mode control (AFOSMC) is proposed to control a nonlinear fractional-order system. This scheme combines the features of sliding mode control and fractional control for improving the response of nonlinear systems. The structure of AFOSMC includes two units: fractional-order sliding mode control (FOSMC) and the tuning unit that employs a certain Takagi–Sugeno–Kang fuzzy logic system for online adjusting the parameters of FOSMC. Tuning the parameters of the FOSMC improves its performance with various control problems. Moreover, stability analysis of the proposed controller is studied using Lyapunov theorem. Finally, the developed control scheme is introduced for controlling a fractional-order gyroscope system. The proposed AFOSMC is implemented practically using a microcontroller where the test is carried out using the hardware-in-the-loop simulation. The practical results indicate the improvements and enhancements introduced by the developed controller under external disturbance, uncertainties and random noise effects.
Diffuse paediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype: case series of a new entity
Authors: Bender Katja , Kahn Johannes , Perez Eilís , Ehret Felix , Roohani Siyer , Capper David , Schmid Simone , Kaul David
Published: August 2023

Diffuse paediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype (pHGG) is a rare and aggressive brain tumor characterized by a specific DNA methylation profile. It was recently introduced in the 5th World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors of 2021. Clinical data on this tumor is scarce. This is a case series, which presents the first clinical experience with this entity. We compiled a retrospective case series on pHGG patients treated between 2015 and 2022 at our institution. Data collected include patients’ clinical course, surgical procedure, histopathology, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis, imaging and adjuvant therapy. Eight pHGG were identified, ranging in age from 8 to 71 years. On MRI tumors presented with an unspecific intensity profile, T1w hypo- to isointense and T2w hyperintense, with inhomogeneous contrast enhancement, often with rim enhancement. Three patients died of the disease, with overall survival of 19, 28 and 30 months. Four patients were alive at the time of the last follow-up, 4, 5, 6 and 79 months after the initial surgery. One patient was lost to follow-up. Findings indicate that pHGG prevalence might be underestimated in the elderly population.
A tale of tails: the use of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) tails for ageing and individual identification
Authors: Hinds Rachel , Dytkowicz Margarete , Tania Marcello , Megill William M. , Rosell Frank
Published: August 2023

With increasing technology and knowledge, the range of methods used to monitor wildlife is growing. As many invasive techniques have been shown to negatively impact study populations, the use of non-invasive methods is increasing. With Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) reintroductions occurring across much of Europe, monitoring of beavers is becoming increasingly important; however, some frequently used techniques are invasive. We therefore aimed to examine potentially non-invasive methods of identifying and ageing them from the tail. Tails from previously deceased beavers were photographed with a Nikon D3500 DSLR camera across 3 distances: ‘close’, ‘medium’ and ‘far’, and the pattern of the scales were examined by eye to determine accuracy of individual identification. Photographs including a grey standard were used to determine the accuracy of ageing beavers from the colour of the tail. The accuracy of individual identification was 100% across all distances; however, the results from ageing showed the method to be inaccurate. The success of the individual identification shows that this method could be effectively used as a non-invasive method for monitoring beaver populations, especially in captivity.