bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocorrência e fatores de risco para infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgias ortopédicas
Authors: Ribeiro Julio Cesar , Santos Claudia Benedita dos , Bellusse Gislaine Cristhina , Rezende Viviane da Fonseca , Galvão Cristina Maria
Published: November 2013

OBJETIVO: Analisar a ocorrência e os fatores de risco para infecção de sítio cirúrgico em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias ortopédicas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal prospectivo com 93 pacientes submetidos a cirurgias ortopédicas eletivas e limpas. RESULTADOS: A infecção de sítio cirúrgico foi diagnosticada em 16 pacientes (17,2%). Na análise dos dados, após ajuste do modelo de regressão logística binária, apenas a variável tempo total de internação mostrou-se com relação estatisticamente significativa com a presença ou não de infecção. CONCLUSÃO: A ocorrência de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgia ortopédica foi mais elevada, sendo 75% dos casos diagnosticados após a alta hospitalar, resultado que reforça a necessidade da vigilância pós-alta.
Análise geoespacial: um estudo sobre a dengue
Authors: Cavalcante Micheline Pimentel Ribeiro , Oliveira Cesar de , Simão Flávio Batista , Lima Paulo Reis , Monteiro Pedro Sadi
Published: November 2013

OBJETIVO: Descrever/analisar o espaço geográfico dos coeficientes de incidência de dengue segundo área urbana da Região Norte do município de Palmas/TO, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo analítico ecológico transversal, que avalia hipóteses de relações de causa (variáveis socioeconômicas e ambientais) e efeito (casos confirmados de dengue) simultaneamente. É ecológico, pois a unidade de observação passa de indivíduos para grupos de indivíduos, onde áreas geográficas foram usadas como unidades de análise (epidemiologia espacial). RESULTADOS: Revelam que o número de casos de dengue registrados em Palmas (2011) aumentou 170% em relação ao ano anterior. CONCLUSÃO: Alertarmos para uma epidemia através dos dados apresentados. Assim, sugerimos a necessidade de alterações nas estratégias utilizadas atualmente e aprimoramento das ações de vigilância para controlar o vetor Aedes aegypti, reduzindo a infestação a níveis inferiores a 1%, e consequentemente, minimizar o impacto da doença na saúde da população.
Associação de glyphosate e imidazolinonas no controle de arroz-vermelho em arroz Clearfield®
Authors: Menezes Valmir Gaedke , Mariot Carlos Henrique Paim , Kalsing Augusto , Freitas Thais Fernanda Stella de , Grohs Daniel Santos , Matzenbacher Felipe de Oliveira
Published: November 2013

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar os efeitos da utilização de glyphosate e herbicidas imidazolinonas, em aplicações isoladas ou associadas, sobre o controle de arroz-vermelho (Oryza sativa) e produtividade de grãos de arroz Clearfield®. O experimento foi conduzido a campo na safra 2007/08, em Cachoeirinha, RS, Brasil, com delineamento em blocos ao acaso e tratamentos dispostos em arranjo fatorial (2x6), usando-se quatro repetições. O fator A constou de dois níveis do herbicida glyphosate, aplicados no subperíodo semeadura-emergência da cultura por ocasião do início da emissão do coleóptilo do arroz (ponto de agulha); o fator B constou de seis tratamentos com imazethapyr+imazapic, aplicados em associação ao glyphosate ou quando a cultura atingiu o estádio de três folhas expandidas. As três variáveis explicativas analisadas foram a população de plantas de arroz e arroz-vermelho, a eficácia do controle de arroz-vermelho e a produtividade de grãos da cultura. O uso de glyphosate no ponto de agulha reduziu em 75% a população do arroz-vermelho e aumentou em 40% a produtividade de grãos de arroz, em relação à testemunha. O uso isolado de herbicidas imidazolinonas e sua associação com o dessecante proporcionou controle eficaz do arroz-vermelho e incrementou a produtividade de grãos, em comparação à situação sem controle da infestante, independente da dose e do sistema de aplicação.
Topical and intraluminal Carolina Rinse Solution in p44/42 and p38 MAP Kinase activation profile in rabbit jejunum after ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Brandstetter Luciana Ramos Gaston , Araújo Eugênio Gonçalves de , Moreno Juan Carlos Duque , Fioravanti Maria Clorinda Soares , Moura Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani de , Machado Patrícia de Almeida
Published: November 2013

The effects of topical and intraluminal Carolina Rinse Solution (CRS) in p44/42 (ERK 1/2) and p38 MAPK activation profile, in rabbit jejunum after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), were investigated in this study. Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were allocated in three groups: Sham-operated (A), Ischemia and reperfusion (B) and CRS (C). Groups B and C were subjected to one hour of ischemia and two hours of reperfusion. In group C, ten minutes prior to reperfusion, the bowel lumen was filled with CRS, and the segment was immersed in CRS until reperfusion onset. Ischemia and reperfusion stimulated the phosphorylation of the p44/42 MAPK and p38 MAPK pathways in some layers of jejunum. Progressive activation of p44/42 MAPK was chiefly localized in the crypts of Lieberkühn, circular and longitudinal muscle layers, whereas p38 MAPK was prominently activated in myenteric plexus and both muscle layers. The results of this research indicate that the chosen model of topical and intraluminal CRS does not interfere in p44/42 and p38 MAPK activation profile in rabbit jejunum subjected to I/R.
Desenvolvimento de pó à base de gesso e binder para prototipagem rápida
Authors: Meira C. R. , Carvalho J. de , Purquerio B. M. , Fortulan C. A.
Published: November 2013

Foram desenvolvidas formulações de pó à base de gesso e binder para aplicação em equipamento de prototipagem do tipo 3D Print. Na técnica de impressão tridimensional, impressoras denominadas 3D Print são baseadas em cabeçotes de impressão de impressoras comerciais a jato de tinta, que depositam um binder sobre camadas sucessivas de pó e, em cada fatia, o binder reage com o pó e consolida o formato bidimensional da seção, que somadas às fatias subsequentes, consolidam um modelo tridimensional. Embora este modelo de impressora tridimensional esteja se popularizando pelo baixo custo, ainda tem em seus insumos o pó e o binder o seu maior empecilho devido ao custo elevado. Neste projeto foram desenvolvidas formulações de pós, obtidos pela moagem do gesso em meio alcoólico com ligantes e aditivos, seguido de aglomeração das finas partículas de gesso, e formulações de binder baseadas na reação com o gesso. Foram avaliadas as condições do pó aglomerado para a uniformidade da deposição das camadas e os requisitos mínimos do binder para a operação do cabeçote de impressão. Corpos de prova no formato de barras foram produzidos em equipamento comercial e analisados com relação à resistência a flexão, densidade e metrologia. Foram obtidos corpos a partir de pó com adição de 5 vol.% de PVB e binder com 90 vol.% de água destilada e resistência de 290 kΩ, que apresentaram resistência média à flexão de 0,33 MPa, suficiente para o manuseio inicial dos prototipados, com manufatura simplificada e a um custo muito econômico.
Velhice e Saúde na Região da África Subsaariana: uma agenda urgente para a cooperação internacional
Authors: Telles José Luiz , Borges Ana Paula Abreu
Published: November 2013

A região Subsaariana do continente africano é onde se concentra a maior carga de doença do mundo e é a única região do planeta onde se espera que o número de pessoas pobres irá aumentar nas próximas décadas. Os países desta região, em diferentes graus, experimentam processo lento de envelhecimento populacional, mas, ao mesmo tempo, é onde a população idosa mais cresce em números absolutos. A partir de revisão da bibliografia, buscou-se destacar a situação demográfica e social em que vivem as pessoas idosas na região subsaariana e os principais desafios que se impõem aos governos locais para a superação dos complexos problemas postos a toda a sociedade. Constatou-se que as políticas públicas voltadas para este segmento populacional na região não representam prioridade e, por conseguinte, dificilmente entram na agenda atual da cooperação internacional.
Towards more resilient and adaptable water distribution systems under future demand uncertainty
Authors: Farmani Raziyeh , Butler David
Published: November 2013

The focus of this paper is on how water distribution systems can be made more resilient and adaptable, thus reducing their vulnerability to future changes. A performance evaluation methodology is outlined and used to assess the resilience of today's water infrastructure and its vulnerability to future changes, based on adopting four future scenarios, suitably adapted to represent future water demand states. The results highlight the sensitivity of key performance indicators to a range of future conditions relative to current conditions. The concept of future proofing is introduced and three strategies compared to design/re-design and operate the network, building in varying degrees of adaptive capacity to deliver solutions that are feasible under both today's and tomorrow's conditions. The key findings are that, without any intervention, all solutions are feasible when demand is equal to or less than the design case while resilience of the system improves for small decrease in demand, major reduction in demand shows a big improvement in water quality. Three future proofing strategies, namely operation, designed in operation and multistage design and operation show great potential to create flexibility that allows for operational diversity in the short term while trying to achieve long-term goals. The multistage design and operation strategy is able to outperform the other two strategies considering reduction in cost and improvement in performance of the system.
Transformation products of pharmaceutically active compounds during drinking water ozonation
Authors: Tootchi L. , Seth R. , Tabe S. , Yang P.
Published: November 2013

Ozonation and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes have been shown to be effective in the oxidation of several pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) routinely detected in surface waters. Under typical operating conditions of these processes, most of the parent compound oxidized is expected to lead to the formation of transformation products (TPs). For a target ozone exposure, the resulting hydroxyl radical exposure depends on the water matrix or process chosen (e.g. peroxone) which in turn may influence the degradation pathway and the TPs formed. This study was undertaken to examine the expected impact that varying ozone and hydroxyl radical exposures may have on TP formation from the oxidation of PhACs during typical drinking water ozonation. Two representative PhACs were selected for the study. Carbamazepine was chosen to represent PhACs with a fast reaction rate with ozone (kO3 > 104 M−1 s−1) and bezafibrate was chosen to represent PhACs with a slow to moderate reaction rate with ozone (kO3 < 104 M−1 s−1). The results show that under varying ozone and hydroxyl exposure scenarios examined, the major oxidation pathway for the parent compound was dominated by reaction with ozone for carbamazepine while for bezafibrate it varied.
Calcium and magnesium uptake with the yield of meadow vegetation in relation to their content in atmospheric precipitation, ground water and soil solution / Pobranie wapnia i magnezu z plonem roślinności łąkowej na tle ich zawartości w opadzie atmosferycznym, wodzie gruntowej i roztworze glebowym
Authors: Sapek Barbara
Published: November 2013

The question was how and under which conditions the concentration and load of calcium and magnesium in atmospheric precipitation, ground water and soil solution may affect their uptake by vegetation in a managed meadow. The answer was based on results of Ca and Mg determinations in atmospheric fallout near Falenty, and in soil waters from two long-term meadow experiments on mineral soils situated in Masovian Province. Obtained results showed a complex effect of Ca and Mg deposition and associated effects of these components in ground water and soil solution on their uptake by plants due to fertilisation effect, harvesting and other factors of human impact. No distinctly positive effect was found of the increased deposition of Ca with atmospheric fallout on its uptake by plants on a long term basis. Such an effect was demonstrated for Mg load but only in very acidic soil. Under favourable physical and water conditions and at weakly acidic soil pH this effect was negative. The enrichment of ground water in Ca was accompanied by the increase of its uptake by plants and, at the same time, by the decrease of Mg uptake from very acidic soil. Under such soil pH, decreased Ca uptake was associated with its higher concentration in soil solution. Neutralization of soil acidity facilitated the increased Mg concentration in soil solution and its decreased uptake by plants. Obtained results inspire to undertake similar studies in natural grassland ecosystems and in the so-called lands of ecological use.
Dynamic Programming Used to Align Protein Structures with a Spectrum Is Robust
Authors: Holder Allen , Simon Jacqueline , Strauser Jonathon , Taylor Jonathan , Shibberu Yosi
Published: November 2013

Several efficient algorithms to conduct pairwise comparisons among large databases of protein structures have emerged in the recent literature. The central theme is the design of a measure between the Cα atoms of two protein chains, from which dynamic programming is used to compute an alignment. The efficiency and efficacy of these algorithms allows large-scale computational studies that would have been previously impractical. The computational study herein shows that the structural alignment algorithm eigen-decomposition alignment with the spectrum (EIGAs) is robust against both parametric and structural variation.
Altered Neuronal Dynamics in the Striatum on the Behavior of Huntingtin Interacting Protein 14 (HIP14) Knockout Mice
Authors: Estrada-Sánchez Ana , Barton Scott , Rebec George
Published: November 2013

Huntington’s disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene, impairs information processing in the striatum, which, as part of the basal ganglia, modulates motor output. Growing evidence suggests that huntingtin interacting protein 14 (HIP14) contributes to HD neuropathology. Here, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) in the striatum as HIP14 knockout mice and wild-type controls freely navigated a plus-shaped maze. Upon entering the choice point of the maze, HIP14 knockouts tend to continue in a straight line, turning left or right significantly less often than wild-types, a sign of motor inflexibility that also occurs in HD mice. Striatal LFP activity anticipates this difference. In wild-types, the power spectral density pattern associated with entry into the choice point differs significantly from the pattern immediately before entry, especially at low frequencies (≤13 Hz), whereas HIP14 knockouts show no change in LFP activity as they enter the choice point. The lack of change in striatal activity may explain the turning deficit in the plus maze. Our results suggest that HIP14 plays a critical role in the aberrant behavioral modulation of striatal neuronal activity underlying motor inflexibility, including the motor signs of HD.
Mycorrhizal preferences and fine spatial structure of the epiphytic orchid Epidendrum rhopalostele
Authors: Riofrío María L. , Cruz Dario , Torres Elena , de la Cruz Marcelino , Iriondo José M. , Suárez Juan Pablo
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: The presence of compatible fungi is necessary for epiphytic orchid recruitment. Thus, identifying associated mycorrhizal fungi at the population level is essential for orchid conservation. Recruitment patterns may also be conditioned by factors such as seed dispersal range and specific environmental characteristics.

• Methods: In a forest plot, all trees with a diameter at breast height >1 cm and all individuals of the epiphytic orchid Epidendrum rhopalostele were identified and mapped. Additionally, one flowering individual of E. rhopalostele per each host tree was randomly selected for root sampling and DNA extraction.

• Key results: A total of 239 E. rhopalostele individuals were located in 25 of the 714 potential host trees. Light microscopy of sampled roots showed mycorrhizal fungi in 22 of the 25 sampled orchids. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 sequences yielded two Tulasnella clades. In four cases, plants were found to be associated with both clades. The difference between univariate and bivariate K functions was consistent with the random labeling null model at all spatial scales, indicating that trees hosting clades A and B of Tulasnella are not spatially segregated. The analysis of the inhomogenous K function showed that host trees are not clustered, suggesting no limitations to population‐scale dispersal. χ2 analysis of contingency tables showed that E. rhopalostele is more frequent on dead trees than expected.

• Conclusions: Epidendrum rhopalostele establishes mycorrhizal associations with at least two different Tulasnella species. The analysis of the distribution patterns of this orchid suggests a microsite preference for dead trees and no seed dispersal limitation.
Size-dependent characteristics of electrostatically actuated fluid-conveying carbon nanotubes based on modified couple stress theory
Authors: Fakhrabadi Mir Masoud Seyyed , Rastgoo Abbas , Ahmadian Mohammad Taghi
Published: November 2013

The paper presents the effects of fluid flow on the static and dynamic properties of carbon nanotubes that convey a viscous fluid. The mathematical model is based on the modified couple stress theory. The effects of various fluid parameters and boundary conditions on the pull-in voltages are investigated in detail. The applicability of the proposed system as nanovalves or nanosensors in nanoscale fluidic systems is elaborated. The results confirm that the nanoscale system studied in this paper can be properly applied for these purposes.
Success rate of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in infants below six months of age with congenital obstructive hydrocephalus (a preliminary study of eight cases)
Authors: Zohdi Ahmed , El Damaty Ahmed , Aly Khaled , El Refaee Ehab
Published: November 2013

Aim: In this study, we were assessing the outcome of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) in infants below six months of age in cases of congenital obstructive hydrocephalus. Materials and Methods: The study was done prospectively on eight cases of obstructive hydrocephalus in infants younger than six months of age to assess the success rate of ETV as a primary treatment for hydrocephalus in this age group; in cases of evident failure, a ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt was applied. Results: Despite eliminating the factors suggested as causes of ETV failure in infants below six months; the type, as with the communicating hydrocephalus, the thickness of the third ventricular floor, history of previous intracranial hemorrhage or central nervous system infection, still the success rate did not exceed 12.5%. Conclusions: The complication rate following ETV was low in comparison to the high frequency (20-80%) and seriousness of the possible postoperative complications following VP shunt with a significant decrease in the quality of patients' lives. Hence the decision-making as well as the parental counselling were in a trial to estimate the ETV success or the need to perform a shunt in the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus.
Demographic and clinical profile of patients with brain metastases: A retrospective study
Authors: Saha Animesh , Ghosh Sajal , Roy Chhaya , Choudhury Krishnangshu , Chakrabarty Bikramjit , Sarkar Ratan
Published: November 2013

Context: Brain metastases are the most common type of intracranial neoplasm, with the total number outnumbering primary brain tumors by a ratio of 10:1 and occur in about 25% of cancer patients. However, controversies exist regarding demographic and clinical profile of brain metastases. Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyze retrospectively the demographic and clinical profile of patients with brain metastases. Settings and Design: Retrospective, single institutional study. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 72 patients with brain metastasis was carried out from November 2010 to October 2012. The data pertaining to these patients was entered in a standardized case record form. These include History; clinical examination and other investigations including computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain. Statistical Analysis: A statistical analysis was performed on the data collected using the MedCalc version 11. Results: Brain metastases were more common in male and occur in 6 th decade of life mostly. There was no relationship of occupation or socio-economic status with the incidence of brain metastases. Carcinoma lung was the most common primary giving rise to brain metastases followed by breast. Adenocarcinoma accounts for most common histology of the primary that give rise to metastases. Multiple metastases were more common than the single group. Supratentorial lesions were more common than infratentorial lesions. Among them, parietal lobe was the most common site of involvement. Conclusions: The present study highlights that the incidence of brain metastasis is common in elderly population and mostly due to primary lung. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histology of primary. Majority of lesions has been observed at parietal lobe.
Unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms presenting with seizure: Report of three cases and review of literature
Authors: Patil Akshay , Menon Girish , Nair Suresh
Published: November 2013

Aneurysms generally present with bleed and epileptogenic aneurysms are rare. Unruptured epilpetogenic anterior communicating artery aneurysms are extremely rare and anecdotal. We present three patients with unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms who presented with seizures and were surgically managed. Seizure might be related to the large size, presence of thrombus, microbleeds and surrounding gliosis. We suggest that large thrombosed anterior communicating artery aneurysms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with late onset of seizure and having a suprasellar lesion on imaging. Surgical clipping offers a fair chance of seizure freedom in selected patients.
Las paradójicas secuelas del ‘Movimiento No Pago’ en las microfinanzas agropecuarias en Nicaragua
Authors: Bastiaensen Johan , Marchetti Peter , Mendoza René , Pérez Francisco
Published: November 2013

El artículo devela las coyunturas políticas y económicas que produjeron en Nicaragua la crisis de las microfinanzas de 2009. Explica que las causas que la generaron siguen intactas, y que las familias campesinas y campesina-finqueras siguen pagando el costo de la crisis. El abordaje teórico del artículo se basa en el enfoque socio-político de Karl Polanyi. Así, para los autores las microfinanzas y los mercados asociados no son realidades naturales, sino procesos “ficticios”, socialmente institucionalizados e inevitablemente integrados en procesos políticos específicos y marcos socioinstitucionales particulares. El artículo argumenta que el ‘Movimiento No Pago’ y las reacciones de las instituciones microfinancieras (IMF), junto con los carteles que monopolizan las cadenas de valor de productos agropecuarios, condujeron a un proceso de exclusión del campesinado, apartándolo del financiamiento. El análisis de los dos años de enfrentamientos violentos entre las IMF, los movimientos de productores y el gobierno nacional, permite llegar a la paradójica conclusión de que los intereses estratégicos, tanto de las microfinancieras como de sus clientes rurales vulnerables, se hubieran beneficiado más con una alianza política que con la confrontación.
Thysanotus racemoides (Asparagales: Laxmanniaceae), a new species from South Australia and western Victoria
Authors: Sirisena Udani , Macfarlane Terry D , Conran John G
Published: November 2013

Thysanotus racemoides Sirisena, T.D.Macfarl. & Conran, a new species from South Australia and western Victoria is described and distinguished from the previously conspecific T. juncifolius (Salisb.) J.H.Willis & Court, the revised distribution of which is New South Wales and eastern Victoria. Descriptions, photographic plates and a map are provided for the new species and T. juncifolius. The key in the Flora of Australia is amended to accommodate the new species.
Seismic evidence for stratification in composition and anisotropic fabric within the thick lithosphere of Kalahari Craton
Authors: Sodoudi Forough , Yuan Xiaohui , Kind Rainer , Lebedev Sergei , Adam Joanne M.‐C. , Kästle Emanuel , Tilmann Frederik
Published: November 2013

Based on joint consideration of S receiver functions and surface‐wave anisotropy we present evidence for the existence of a thick and layered lithosphere beneath the Kalahari Craton. Our results show that frozen‐in anisotropy and compositional changes can generate sharp Mid‐Lithospheric Discontinuities (MLD) at depths of 85 and 150–200 km, respectively. We found that a 50 km thick anisotropic layer, containing 3% S wave anisotropy and with a fast‐velocity axis different from that in the layer beneath, can account for the first MLD at about 85 km depth. Significant correlation between the depths of an apparent boundary separating the depleted and metasomatised lithosphere, as inferred from chemical tomography, and those of our second MLD led us to characterize it as a compositional boundary, most likely due to the modification of the cratonic mantle lithosphere by magma infiltration. The deepening of this boundary from 150 to 200 km is spatially correlated with the surficial expression of the Thabazimbi‐Murchison Lineament (TML), implying that the TML isolates the lithosphere of the Limpopo terrane from that of the ancient Kaapvaal terrane. The largest velocity contrast (3.6–4.7%) is observed at a boundary located at depths of 260–280 km beneath the Archean domains and the older Proterozoic belt. This boundary most likely represents the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary, which shallows to about 200 km beneath the younger Proterozoic belt. Thus, the Kalahari lithosphere may have survived multiple episodes of intense magmatism and collisional rifting during the billions of years of its history, which left their imprint in its internal layering.
Observational and model studies of the circulation in the Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea
Authors: Ding Yang , Chen Changsheng , Beardsley Robert C. , Bao Xianwen , Shi Maochong , Zhang Yu , Lai Zhigang , Li Ruixiang , Lin Huichan , Viet Nguyen T.
Published: November 2013

Moored current measurements were made at one mooring site in the northern Gulf of Tonkin for about 1 year during 1988–1989. Analyses were performed to examine characteristics and variability of tidal and subtidal flows. Rotary spectra showed two peaks at diurnal and semidiurnal periods, with higher diurnal energy. Complex demodulations of diurnal and semidiurnal tidal currents indicated that the tidal current magnitudes varied significantly with seasons: more energetic in the stratified summer than in the vertically well‐mixed winter. The observed subtidal currents were highly correlated with the surface wind in winter but not in summer; challenging the conceptual summertime anticyclonic circulation pattern derived using wind‐driven homogenous circulation theory. The computed currents from a global ocean model were in good agreement with the observed currents. Similar to the current observations, the model‐computed flow patterns were consistent with the conceptual wind‐driven circulation pattern in winter but opposite in summer. Process‐oriented experiments suggest that the summertime cyclonic circulation in the northern Gulf of Tonkin forms as a result of the combination of stratified wind‐driven circulation and tidal‐rectified inflow from Qiongzhou Strait. The interaction between the southwest monsoon and buoyancy‐driven flow from Hong River can significantly intensify the cyclonic circulation near the surface, but its contribution to the vertically averaged flow of the cyclonic circulation is limited.
A new multisource and high‐frequency approach to measuring δ2H and δ18O in hydrological field studies
Authors: Pangle Luke A. , Klaus Julian , Berman Elena S. F. , Gupta Manish , McDonnell Jeffrey J.
Published: November 2013

Measurements of δ2H and δ18O in isotope‐based field studies have fundamentally improved our understanding of water flow and transport time scales in soils and headwater catchments. Until recently, however, technical constraints have limited the temporal resolution at which water samples could be collected and analyzed. We introduce a new sample acquisition system—consisting of a four‐channel peristaltic pump, custom flow manifold, and CTC LCPAL auto‐sampler—that is paired with a field‐deployable laser spectrometer (LGR LWIA). Our system enables high‐frequency (subhourly) measurement of δ2H and δ18O in as many as four water sources. We deployed the system at a field site in Corvallis, OR, USA, where we measured the δ2H and δ18O composition of precipitation and the drainage from two lysimeters. The system produced δ2H and δ18O time series for precipitation and drainage from each lysimeter at a temporal frequency of one sample every 34 min, which, on average, corresponded to 0.84, 0.63, and 0.48 mm of precipitation or lysimeter drainage per sample. The high‐frequency data showed substantially greater short‐term variability than observed when sampling at successively longer time intervals. The system and sampling configuration are versatile and can be adapted to sample multiple water flows at variable frequencies depending on the characteristic transit times of each source.
Persuasive Mechanisms of Nostalgic Brand Packages
Authors: Orth Ulrich R. , Gal Steffi
Published: November 2013

Two studies investigate the relationships between consumers' involuntary autobiographical memories evoked by visual cues on brand packages, their judgments of authenticity, emotion, and behavioral intention. Study 1 employs actual brand packages to show that two forms of authenticity, indexicality (a genuine historic link to the past), and iconicity (a symbolic link) influence behavioral intention through the diverging emotion elicited by nostalgic memories and perceived persuasive intent. Study 2 replicates effect with more abstract package stimuli from another product category and demonstrates an attenuating effect of cognitive load on consumer perception of persuasive intent. These findings contribute to the literature by the following: (i) disentangling the knotted emotional and mnemonic structure of nostalgia in commercial contexts; (ii) providing convergent empirical evidence for the divergent roles of indexicality and iconicity as two previously under‐researched visual properties; and (iii) highlighting autobiographical memories and perceived persuasive intent as important mediators of effects on emotion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the Type of Phase Change Materials Microcapsules on the Properties of Lime‐Gypsum Thermal Mortars
Authors: Cunha Sandra , Aguiar José B. , Ferreira Victor M. , Tadeu A.
Published: November 2013

In a society with a high growth rate and increased standards of comfort arises the need to minimize the currently high energy consumption by taking advantage of renewable energy sources. The mortars with incorporation of phase change materials (PCM) have the ability to regulate the temperature inside buildings, contributing to the thermal comfort and reduction of the use of heating and cooling equipment, using only the energy supplied by the sun. However, the incorporation of PCMs in mortars modifies its characteristics. The main purpose of this study was the production and characterization of mortars with incorporation of two different PCMs. Specific properties of two PCMs, such as particle size, shape, and enthalpy, were determined, as well as the properties of the fresh and hardened state of the mortars. The proportion of PCM was 0, 10, 20, and 30% of the total mass of the solid particles. In order to minimize some problems associated with shrinkage and consequent cracking of the mortars, the incorporation of polyamide fibers and superplasticizer was tested. It was possible to observe that the incorporation of PCMs in mortars caused differences in properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and shrinkage. Even though the incorporation of PCM microcapsules resulted in an increase in the shrinkage, it was possible observe a significant improvement in mechanical properties.
Selective Dissolution of Retained Austenite in Nanostructured Bainitic Steels
Authors: Kazum Oluwole , Kannan Mathan Bobby , Beladi Hossein , Timokhina Ilana , Hodgson Peter , Khoddam Shahin
Published: November 2013

Nanostructured bainitic steels, containing bainitic ferrite laths and retained austenite films, formed at two different isothermal temperatures were compared for corrosion behavior in chloride‐containing solution using electrochemical techniques. The potentiodynamic polarization results suggest that nanostructured bainite formed at 200 °C exhibits marginally higher corrosion resistance compared with that at 350 °C. Post‐corrosion analysis of the galvanostatically polarized samples revealed localized corrosion for both the steels, but the degree of attack was higher in the 350 °C steel than in the 200 °C steel. The localized corrosion attack was due to selective dissolution of the retained austenite phase. The higher volume fraction and larger size of retained austenite in the 350 °C steel as compared to that of the 200 °C steel contributed to the pronounced corrosion attack in the 350 °C steel.
Sialic acid content of erythrocytes in normal individuals and patients with certain hematologic disorders
Authors: Aminoff D. , Anderson J. , Dabich L. , Gathmann W.D.
Published: November 2013

The sialic acid content of erythrocytes from healthy individuals of different blood types and of patients with known hematological disorders has been determined. The sialic acid was completely released enzymatically with sialidase and quantitated by the thiobarbituric acid method. The sialic acid content of erythrocytes was constant irrespective of ABO blood type, or anticoagulant used; viz, 0.85–0.92 m̈moles/ml of packed erythrocytes or 46–53 × 106 sialyl residues per cell. Deviations from these normal values were obtained with erythrocytes from patients with a variety of hematological disorders. Patients with the following disorders have significantly (P < 0.01) lower sialic acid values compared to erythrocytes from healthy individuals (given in the order of decreasing sialic acid content): sickle cell anemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, non‐Hodgkin lymphocytic lymphoma, chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia, leukemia, and Hodgkin disease.
Drug‐induced immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Moss Robert A.
Published: November 2013

A variety of drugs and other agents have been reported to cause immune‐mediated platelet destruction. The cardinal features of this syndrome are acute, often alarming, purpura, closely related to drug exposure, which remits in one to two weeks after discontinuation of all suspect drugs. Quinidine and quinine have been most commonly implicated but, recently, both heparin and heroin have been the subject of numerous reports.

Platelets are removed rapidly from the circulation, apparently as a result of the attachment of drug‐antibody immune complexes. In vitro documentation of platelet injury by these complexes has inspired the development of many in vitro tests of differing sophistication. While valuable in confirming the clinical suspicion, none is sufficiently sensitive to exclude the diagnosis.
Der Einfluss von strukturellen Spannungen auf die Reaktivität von getragenen Metalloxidkatalysatoren
Authors: Amakawa Kazuhiko , Sun Lili , Guo Chunsheng , Hävecker Michael , Kube Pierre , Wachs Israel E. , Lwin Soe , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Patlolla Anitha , Hermann Klaus , Schlögl Robert , Trunschke Annette
Published: November 2013

Durch Ionenaustausch wurde MoO3 hochdispers (0.2–2.5 Mo‐Atome nm−2) auf die Oberfläche von mesoporösem SiO2 (SBA‐15) aufgetragen. Röntgenabsorption, UV/Vis‐, Raman‐ und IR‐Spektroskopie zeigten, dass zweifach verankerte tetraedrische MoO4‐Dioxo‐Einheiten unabhängig von der Beladung dominieren. Eine verbesserte Reduzierbarkeit bei Beladungen nahe der Monolage, die mittels temperaturprogrammierten Reduktion gemessen wurde, und der sprunghafte Anstieg der Reaktivität in der Metathese von Propen oder der oxidativen Dehydrierung von Propan bei 8 % Mo/SBA‐15 werden auf die Frustration von MoO4‐Spezies und laterale Wechselwirkungen zurückgeführt. DFT Modellrechnungen ermöglichten eine Zuordnung der Röntgenabsorptionsspektren an der O‐K‐Kante zu geometrisch verzerrten MoO4‐Spezies, die in hochbeladenen Katalysatoren auftreten. Die eingeschränkte Verfügbarkeit von Silanol‐Ankergruppen führt hier zur Bildung verzerrter Konfigurationen, denen die hohe katalytische Aktivität zugeschrieben wird.
Core–Shell‐Structured CNT@RuO2 Composite as a High‐Performance Cathode Catalyst for Rechargeable Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Jian Zelang , Liu Pan , Li Fujun , He Ping , Guo Xianwei , Chen Mingwei , Zhou Haoshen
Published: November 2013

A RuO2 shell was uniformly coated on the surface of core CNTs by a simple sol–gel method, and the resulting composite was used as a catalyst in a rechargeable Li–O2 battery. This core–shell structure can effectively prevent direct contact between the CNT and the discharge product Li2O2, thus avoiding or reducing the formation of Li2CO3, which can induce large polarization and lead to charge failure. The battery showed a high round‐trip efficiency (ca. 79 %), with discharge and charge overpotentials of 0.21 and 0.51 V, respectively, at a current of 100 mA gtotal−1. The battery also exhibited excellent rate and cycling performance.
Creation of a highly detailed, dynamic, global model and map of science
Authors: Boyack Kevin W. , Klavans Richard
Published: November 2013

The majority of the effort in metrics research has addressed research evaluation. Far less research has addressed the unique problems of research planning. Models and maps of science that can address the detailed problems associated with research planning are needed. This article reports on the creation of an article‐level model and map of science covering 16 years and nearly 20 million articles using cocitation‐based techniques. The map is then used to define discipline‐like structures consisting of natural groupings of articles and clusters of articles. This combination of detail and high‐level structure can be used to address planning‐related problems such as identification of emerging topics and the identification of which areas of science and technology are innovative and which are simply persisting. In addition to presenting the model and map, several process improvements that result in greater accuracy structures are detailed, including a bibliographic coupling approach for assigning current papers to cocitation clusters and a sequential hybrid approach to producing visual maps from models.
Development and techno‐economic evaluation of a biorefinery based on biomass (waste) streams – case study in the Netherlands
Authors: Van Dael Miet , Márquez Nathalie , Reumerman Patrick , Pelkmans Luc , Kuppens Tom , Van Passel Steven
Published: November 2013

In this paper, the technical and economic advantages of combining conversion technologies into a multi‐dimensional plant primarily using regional biomass residues are investigated. The main objective is to show how locally available biomass can be used more efficiently as a source for renewable energy and bio‐based products. Therefore, not only is the theoretical perspective considered, but also a reality check for the local situation is taken into account. Although industrial attitude toward biorefineries is positive, the efficient production of a portfolio of bio‐based products has not yet been implemented. A biorefinery concept for Moerdijk (the Netherlands) was developed, focusing on grass refining, production of pyrolysis oil, biodiesel production, and bio‐LNG production. Grass refining is the most experimental technique of all proposed conversion techniques. In terms of development, pyrolysis oil and bio‐LNG production are in the demonstration phase. Anaerobic digestion and biodiesel production are proven techniques. It is shown that this concept allows for synergies with regard to the utilization of residue flows from internal processes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that by integrating different conversion technologies, an economically feasible concept can be developed in which technologies, currently residing in a demonstration phase, can also be brought to the market. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Identification and characterization of host cell protein product‐associated impurities in monoclonal antibody bioprocessing
Authors: Levy Nicholas E. , Valente Kristin N. , Choe Leila H. , Lee Kelvin H. , Lenhoff Abraham M.
Published: November 2013

Downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has evolved to allow the specific process for a new product to be developed largely by empirical specialization of a platform process that enables removal of impurities of different kinds. A more complete characterization of impurities and the product itself would provide insights into the rational design of efficient downstream processes. This work identifies and characterizes host cell protein (HCP) product‐associated impurities, that is, HCP species carried through the downstream processes via direct interactions with the mAb. Interactions between HCPs and mAbs are characterized using cross‐interaction chromatography under solution conditions typical of those used in downstream processing. The interacting species are then identified by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. This methodology has been applied to identify product‐associated impurities in one particular purification step, namely protein A affinity chromatography, for four therapeutic mAbs as well as the Fab and Fc domains of one of these mAbs. The results show both the differences in HCP–mAb interactions among different mAbs, and the relative importance of product association compared to co‐elution in protein A affinity chromatography. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 904–912. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bilinear modeling of batch processes. Part III: parameter stability
Authors: González‐Martínez Jose Maria , Camacho Jose , Ferrer Alberto
Published: November 2013

A paramount aspect in the development of a model for a monitoring system is the so‐called parameter stability. This is inversely related to the uncertainty, i.e., the variance in the parameters estimates. Noise affects the performance of the monitoring system, reducing its fault detection capability. Low parameters uncertainty is desired to ensure a reduced amount of noise in the model. Nonetheless, there is no sound study on the parameter stability in batch multivariate statistical process control (BMSPC). The aim of this paper is to investigate the parameter stability associated to the most used synchronization and principal component analysis‐based BMSPC methods. The synchronization methods included in this study are the following: indicator variable, dynamic time warping, relaxed greedy time warping, and time linear expanding/compressing‐based. In addition, different arrangements of the three‐way batch data into two‐way matrices are considered, namely single‐model, K‐models, and hierarchical‐model approaches. Results are discussed in connection with previous conclusions in the first two papers of the series. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Operating Parameters on the Performance of a Thiobacillus thioparus‐Immobilized Polyurethane Foam Biotrickling Filter for Hydrogen Sulfide Removal
Authors: Abdehagh Niloofar , Namini Masoud T. , Bonakdarpour Babak , Heydarian Seyed Mohammad
Published: November 2013

The effect of variation in the two important process parameters of liquid recirculation rate (LRR) and empty bed residence time (EBRT), on the elimination capacity (EC), and removal efficiency (RE) of H2S from a synthetic waste gas stream in a biotrickling filter (BTF) was studied using Box‐Behnken design of experiment. The BTF employed contained Thiobacillus thioparus immobilized on polyurethane foam. The results showed that both the effect of LRR and EBRT on RE and EC depended on the concentration of H2S in the inlet gas stream (Cin). At the lower side of the range 1.85–5.55 m/h, increase in LRR always resulted in an increase in both RE and EC; however, over the higher side of this range, at high Cin, increasing LRR did not have a marked effect on RE and EC whereas at low Cin it actually lead to a slight reduction in the value of both parameters. Also, increasing EBRT exacerbated the observed negative effect of high LRR on RE. Contour plot analysis revealed that at low Cin acceptable RE can be achieved simply by reducing EBRT to sufficiently low values independent of the value of LRR. However, at higher Cin the correct setting of the level of both operating parameters is necessary in order to ensure a sufficiently high RE.
Comparison of inversion‐recovery methods for measuring longitudinal relaxation rates
Authors: Frye James S.
Published: November 2013

The most common experiment for determining T1 is the inversion‐recovery sequence: 180° ‐ τ −90°‐acquire. The advantage is a large range of peak intensity change (theoretically −1 to +1), and the penalty is the requirement for collecting many long‐τ spectra to establish precisely the equilibrium magnetization value, M(∞). A modification of inversion‐recovery: 180° ‐ τ −90° ‐acquire (+) ‐ wait −90° ‐ acquire(−) ‐ wait, offers the same range of intensity change (2 to 0) but relaxes the requirement for many long‐τ spectra, since M(∞) = 0. A more fundamental advantage is a reduction in the number of adjustable parameters in the fit, thereby making the detection and analysis of nonexponential relaxation more straightforward than for traditional inversion‐recovery data. Nonexponential behavior is fairly common in solid‐state NMR, and this “exponential decay to zero” approach is useful in cross‐polarization and single‐pulse modes.
Triplet‐State‐Mediated Super‐Resolution Imaging of Fluorophore‐Labeled Gold Nanorods
Authors: Blythe Karole L. , Titus Eric J. , Willets Katherine A.
Published: November 2013

Triplet‐state‐mediated super‐resolution imaging was used to map the positions of fluorescently labeled double‐stranded DNA bound to the surface of gold nanorods. In order to isolate individual fluorophores bound to the nanorod surface, imaging conditions were optimized such that the majority of the fluorophores were forced into a triplet dark state, and fluorescence from approximately one molecule at a time was detected. The fluorescence from the emitting single molecule was then fit to a two‐dimensional (2D) Gaussian to localize its position relative to the nanorod substrate. The reconstructed super‐resolution images showed excellent agreement with the shape and orientation of the nanorods, although, based on correlated atomic force microscopy, they consistently under‐estimated nanorod size. The apparent DNA ligand binding on the gold nanorod surface showed significant heterogeneity, with examples of preferential binding to nanorod ends, uniform binding across the nanorod surface, and site‐specific binding to a single end of the nanorod. This heterogeneity would be hidden in a typical ensemble or diffraction‐limited measurement, highlighting the need for single nanoparticle super‐resolution imaging studies.