bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of wear-resistant properties of rolling bearing lubricants modified with metal nanoparticles and micro-ceramics
Authors: Azarov Alexander Sergeevich
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of laboratory studies of the wear-resistant properties of modified grease Litol-24 and transmission oil TAD-17. The modifiers were nanoparticles of the copper-tin alloy (Cu-Sn) obtained by plasma Ostwald ripening, and micro-ceramics, which are part of a multi-purpose universal additive for lubricants WAGNER. Laboratory tests were performed on a four ball wear test system. The results of tests of plastic lubricant compositions showed that the best effect is obtained by using 0.40 % nanoparticles of alloy Cu-Sn and 0.25 % additive WAGNER. The use of modifying components in this concentration led to an increase in the wear-resistant properties of grease Litol-24 by 2.40 %. During testing of transmission lubricant compositions, the best result was obtained by combining 0.40 % nanoparticles of alloy Cu-Sn and 2.50 % additive WAGNER. The wear-resistant properties of the transmission oil TAD-17 in this case improved by 13.4 %.
Statement of the optimization task of irrigation management in closed irrigation systems
Authors: Golovinov Evgeny Eduardovich
Published: December 2024

Interest in the management of closed irrigation systems began to grow from the mid-20th century with the development of agriculture, an increased need for irrigation, and technological progress, leading to the emergence of new methods and tools for optimizing these systems. Irrigation management that considers agronomic activities, plant water needs, and the technical parameters of irrigation systems requires the development of information control systems to optimize the distribution of water resources and increase crop yields. This work examines general approaches to organizing irrigation on closed irrigation systems, considering various levels of management. To enhance the efficiency of irrigation system management, information control systems are developed that take into account soil moisture, plant growth phases, agrometeorological data, and network specifications. The relevance of developing irrigation management systems under resource deficit conditions is substantiated. Two approaches to defining the target function for implementing the irrigation plan are presented. In conclusion, the proposed approach to irrigation management provides adaptation to changes in soil moisture, weather, and planning of agronomic activities, contributing to the effective use of water resources and improving conditions for plant growth. The optimization target functions aim to maximize the approximation of soil moisture to the optimal level, including agronomic activities without irrigation during designated periods. The integration of modern management methods and models allows responding to soil-improving and meteorological changes, optimizing the distribution of water resources, and improving the accuracy of agronomic operations.
The results of experimental studies of the СM2500-G shredder
Authors: Priporov Igor Evgenievich , Ivanaisky Ruslan Evgenievich
Published: December 2024

The article presents the modernization of the CM2500-G type serial shredder. In a serial shredder of the CM2500-G type, grain material is crushed by the blows of 20 hinged hammers that are suspended on a rotating drum. However, they have significant drawbacks given in the зфзук. To increase its productivity and reduce energy consumption in a serial shredder of the CM2500-G type, it was proposed to replace the working body with cutting knives in the form of the Archimedes’ Arbelos curved triangle with saw teeth along the perimeter of the entire surface of the cutting edge. As a result of the conducted research, equations were obtained to determine the performance of a converted CM2500-G type shredder and the specific energy intensity of the sunflower cake grinding process, depending on the selected parameters. The converted CM2500-G type shredder, compared with the serial one, allows it to be standardized and reduce the specific energy consumption of the sunflower cake grinding process. With these rational values of design parameters (the number of teeth N on the cutting knife is 28...32 pcs., the rotor speed ?r = 255...269 s–1 and the tooth height on the cutting knife is h = 7.5 ...9.5 mm) of the improved CM2500-G type shredder, its performance and specific energy consumption of the sunflower cake grinding process are determined, which amounted to 196.6 kg/h and 5.21kWh/t, respectively.
Modeling the influence of selenium-containing biologically active substances on the yield of spring wheat with "copper" contamination of soils
Authors: Sergeeva Irina Vyacheslavovna , Mokhonko Yulia Mikhaikovna , Andriyanova Yulia Mikhaikovna , Gusakova Natalia Nikolaevna
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of selenium-containing biologically active substances on the yield as anti-stress adaptogens of spring wheat in relation to copper ions (+2). Experimental studies were carried out in 2021–2023 in the fields of OOO “FH “Demetra” Batraev Yu.I.”, which is located in the ordinary chernozem zone of the Volga region. Copper sulfate solutions were used, where the content of copper ions (+2) varied from 10-5% (0.01 MAC Cu+2) to 10-2% (10 MAC Cu+2), as well as selenium-containing biologically active substances: 2-phenyl-4-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7,8-benzo-5,6-dihydroselenochromylium perchlorate (selenochromylium perchlorate - PSC) and 2-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-phenyl-7,8-benzo-5,6-dihydro-selenochromene (selenochromene - SC) at an optimal solution concentration of 10-4%. Modeling the effect of inoculation of spring wheat seeds with composite solutions of selenium-containing preparations and copper ions (+2) on the yield of spring wheat showed that positive results were obtained in the entire range of copper concentration variations during the study years. Even at high concentrations of copper ions (+2) (C = 10-2%) in solutions with PSC, the yield increased by 12.4–14.9%, in compositions with SC by 10.8–15.6%. At low concentrations of copper ions (+2) (C = 10-5%) in compositions with PSC, the yield increased by 11.6–17.7%, in the presence of SC by 7.4–16.8%. The most significant results were obtained with the copper ions (+2) content in the compositions in the range of 10-3–10-4%. The presence of PSC in the composition led to an increase in yield by 25.5–30.4%. The presence of SC gave an even more significant increase in the indicator – by 32.7–44.8%. During a three-year field experiment, a result was obtained indicating the ability of new selenium-containing biologically active substances not only to reduce, but to completely eliminate the toxic effect of copper ions (+2) in the range of 0.01–10 MAC.
Agroecological assessment of postagrogenic chestnut soils of the dry steppe zone
Authors: Fedotova Anna Vladislavovna , Petrov Yuri Nikolaevich
Published: December 2024

The assessment of the agroecological condition of chestnut soil, which has been in the stage of postagrogenic transformation for more than 20 years in the conditions of the dry steppe zone of southern Russia, has been carried out. The research was carried out in the Volgograd Region on the territory of the "Kamyshin" ecological and climatic station of the FSC of agroecology RAS in the Kamyshinsky administrative district. The soil cover is represented by dark chestnut postagrogenic arable soil in the initial stage of restoration. 10 soil sections were examined in layers 0-10 and 10-20 cm. The experimental studies were based on traditional methods of soil science and ecology. According to the acidity level, the studied soils are classified as neutral (pH = 6.6). Soils are provided with nitrogen (0.20%), phosphorus (0.09%) and potassium (1.21%) on average level in accordance with the soil and climatic conditions of the arid zone. The supply of humus is low and very low (less than 2%). The structural condition is unsatisfactory (The coefficient of structurality is 0.5 for the surface layer and 0.14 for the 10-20 cm layer) with a small proportion of agronomically valuable aggregates (less than 30%). According to the granulometric composition, the soil is classified (according to Kachinsky scale) as a light dusty clay with a small proportion of silt (3.18% in a layer of 0-10 cm). The soil is significantly over-compacted (more than 1.7 g/cm3). There is a pronounced shortage of soil moisture (5-7%). The soil has an unsatisfactory agrophysical condition. The return of the studied soil to agricultural circulation is possible when carrying out agro-reclamation measures aimed at optimizing the physical condition and water regime.
Influence of drained agricultural landscape on productivity of grain-grass crop rotation on sod-podzolic soils
Authors: Kharkhardinov Nikita Aleksandrovich , Ivanov Dmitry Anatolievich , Rublyuk Maria Vladimirovna
Published: December 2024

The paper examined the data of long-term monitoring of the productivity of the grain-grass crop rotation within the till plain with knoll and kettle topography of the Moscow age, the influence of landscape and climatic conditions on the yield of cereals and grasses, as well as the biological activity of sod-podzolic soils. The variants of the experiment were aggregates of the agricultural landscape (factor A): transit-accumulative geocomplexes of the lower parts of slopes; transit locations of their central parts; transit-accumulative microlandscapes of the upper parts of the slopes; flat top (eluvial-accumulative landscape) for the years of observations (2019–2023). Based on the application of variance and correlation analysis it was revealed that the highest average agricultural landscape biological activity of soils under young grass stands (49.2 % of the soil decomposition) was observed in the 2020, which was excessively wet. In the upper part of the southern slope of the hill it reached 96.6 %, and at the bottom of the northern slope only 24.1 %. The lowest average soil bioactivity was recorded in drought 2023 under spring wheat (16.2 %). The maximum value (19.4 %) was at the top of the northern slope, and the minimum (11.4 %) was on the flat top of the hill. On average, crop rotation yields ranged from 3.43 t/ha (2019) to 2.60 t/ha (2021, 2022). At the top, it was on average 3.13 t of feed units per ha, and in the middle and at the bottom of the southern slope – 2.65-2.5 t of feed units per ha. The obtained results will make it possible to optimize the location of crop rotation fields in farms, in which cereals and herbaceous crops are used simultaneously. The specificity of the landscape, characteristic for the Non-Black Soil Zone will be taken into account.
Inbreeding in selection herds Brown Swiss breed
Authors: Gontov Michael Eliseevich , Prishchep Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2024

A characteristic of a herd of Brown Swiss cattle is given according to the degree of homozygosity using marker genes, the level of inbrednes, and the influence of inbreeding on economically useful traits is determined. The research was carried out in the breeding farm of the Smolensk region from 2017 to 2023 (n = 1454 heads) on animals of the brown Swiss breed with records in pedigrees confirmed by genetic examination, 23% of them are inbred to varying degrees. Generally accepted zootechnical and immunogenetic methods were used in data processing. The degree of homozygosity of inbred cows was 18.7 – 32%, and outbred cows 16.1%. The proportion of homozygous cows in the EAB locus of blood groups in the inbred group (15.3%) was 2.2 times higher than in the outbred group. Inbred cows, on average, turned out to be more precocious, superior in milk productivity to outbred and their mothers (with the exception of protein milk), but inferior in productive longevity to outbred animals. Cows obtained as a result of long–term inbreeding, in relation to the other groups, had a higher proportion of homozygous animals (17.3%), a high degree of homozygosity (23.6), showed better productive qualities, but the period of productive longevity turned out to be shorter compared to outbred ones by 3 lactation, and by 0.7 lactation - with an average for all Inbred. It is recommended to use related mating of a distant degree, control the level of homozygosity and avoid inbreeding of a close degree to further increase the dairy productivity of cows in the herd.
Bioactivity of a drug based on nonspecific immunoglobulin and colloidal selenium particles for correction of the immune system of farm animals
Authors: Denisova Natalia Igorevna , Staroverov Sergey Aleksandrovich , Kozlov Sergey Vasilievich , Kozlov Evgeny Sergeevich , Shelkovaya Anastasia Andreevna
Published: December 2024

The results of the scientific research of the production of acetone powder from a lyophilized culture of E. coli TG-1 with subsequent isolation of the antigen are presented in the article. The results of chromatographic purification of the obtained antigens and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis are also shown.  The conjugation of the E. antigen coli TG-1 with a preparation based on nonspecific immunoglobulins and colloidal selenium particles and its physicochemical assessment have been reviewed. The results of immunization of animals with the E. antigen coli TG-1, conjugated with a drug based on nonspecific immunoglobulin and colloidal selenium particles, the titer of antibodies, interleukins and the proliferative activity of lymphocytes and the activity of peritoneal macrophages determined after slaughter are also presented.
The effect of a phytogenic feed additive on morphological and biochemical parameters the blood of the Edilbaev sheep
Authors: Molchanov Aleksey Vyacheslavovich , Kozin Anton Nikolaevich , Sazonova Irina Aleksandrovna , Svetlov Vladislav Vladimirovich , Pershutin Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Molchanova Ellada Viktorovna
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the results of the effect of a phytogenic feed additive on hematological blood parameters of Edilbaev sheep. It was found out that the use of a phytogenic feed additive had a positive effecton the intensity of the growth of sheepdue to the activation of redoxprocessesin the body and increased protein metabolism,which in turn leads to an improvement in the productive and fattening qualities of young animals. The greatest effect from the use of the studied feed additive was observed in the group of animals, where its concentration was 15 grams per head per day.
Influence of calpastatin gene on meat productivity of cattle
Authors: Konovalova Elena Nikolaevna , Romanenkova Olga Sergeevna , Evstafeva Lilia Valerievna , Safonova Stanislava Sergeevna , Selionova Marina Ivanovna , Gladyr Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of the study of the calpastatin (CAST) gene in cattle, encoding a protein of the same name involved in postmortem proteolysis of muscle tissue, as a result of which the tenderness of meat is formed. DNA tests based on the PCR-PDRF method have been developed to identify allelic variants of three CAST polymorphisms at loci 282, 2870 and 2959. Genotyping of the Russian population of the Aberdeen Angus breed (n=138), consisting of bulls (n=57) and cows (n=81) revealed the presence of various genotypes of the studied mutations and sufficiently high frequencies of alleles preferred in terms of productivity (C-CAST_282 – 0.5-0.6; G-CAST_2870 – 0.7; A-CAST_2959 – 0.2-0.4). The correlation analysis of allelic variants of the studied polymorphisms with average daily weight gains of cows and bulls aged from birth to 15 months did not reveal a significant effect of the calpastatin gene on fattening indicators. The effect of CAST_282 and CAST_2959 polymorphisms on post-slaughter histological parameters of bull carcasses was found. The effect of CAST_282 and CAST_2959 polymorphisms on post-slaughter histological parameters of carcasses was found. In bulls with the CC-CAST_282 genotype, compared with heterozygous individuals, statistically significant advantages were observed in terms of the content of muscular (15.9% more) and connective (10.8% less) tissues in the longest back muscle (M. dorsum longissimum), which can be regarded as prerequisites for obtaining more tender beef with high nutritional value. In addition, animals with genotypes CC-CAST_282 and AA-CAST_2959 had significantly larger muscle fiber size compared to analogues of other genotypes. The results obtained allow us to recommend the calpastatin gene as a promising genetic marker for the carcass properties and include it in genomic breeding programs to improve the accuracy of genomic prediction of the properties of beef productivity of cattle.
The influence of the age of cows on the variability of the fertility estimate of the semen of Holstein bulls
Authors: Naryshkina Elena Nikolaevna , Sermyagin Alexander Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2024

The article considers the dynamics of variability of fertility of the semen of Holstein bulls (n=208) during insemination of heifers and cows of the 1st calving and older for the period 2015–2022 in the Moscow region. To obtain information on the fertilization of heifers and cows after a single insemination, an array of original information data characterizing their reproductive function. To assess the breeding value of bulls, the BLUP Sire Model was used, where the evaluation year (Yeari) and the age of the inseminated cow (Lactj) were used as fixed effects. Spearman's coefficient of rank repeatability was used to determine the convergence of the ranking of bulls according to estimates of the breeding value of semen fertility. High rates of fertilization after a single insemination in heifers of the same age, regardless of the year of the study, are 64.5 ... to 83%, in cows of the 1st lactation and older - 39.4–37.2%. The lactation factor (?=57.3%, p?0.001) and unaccounted-for factors (?=27.77%) have the most significant effect on semen fertility, which is demonstrated by calculations of low rank repeatability of phenotypic assessment of semen fertility (rw= -0.06–0.09). The coincidence of the ranks of the genetic assessment is no more than 24 –27%, which indicates a high variability of the trait and indicates the expediency of a separate assessment of the fertility of bull semen on heifers of the same age and on cows of the 1st lactation and older.
The use of the Eisenia fetida worm as a feed additive for the Russian and Lena sturgeon hybrid
Authors: Poddubnaya Irina Vasilievna , Rudneva Oksana Nikolaevna , Gurkina Oksana Aleksandrovna , Orlenko Evgeny Viktorovich , Tarasov Peter Sergeevich
Published: December 2024

The feasibility of using a protein feed supplement derived from the biomass of the worm Eisenia fetida was evaluated by partially replacing fishmeal in compound feed at levels of 5 and 7% for feeding a hybrid of Russian and Lena sturgeon. The study was conducted in the research laboratory “Progressive Biotechnologies in Aquaculture” at Vavilov University in 2023. The research analyzed the chemical and amino acid composition of vermimeal and assessed its impact on the growth and development of the fish. The results showed that compound feed containing 7% vermimeal had significantly higher levels of methionine (34.1%), threonine (47.9%), and lysine (2-fold) compared to the control group. A similar trend was observed for all other amino acids in the feed. By the end of the experiment, the highest average body weight was observed in individuals of the second experimental group. This group also demonstrated advantages in absolute, relative, and average daily weight gain – 55 g, 18.09%, and 0.61 g, respectively – compared to the control group.
The LEP gene (site A80V) in Kholmogorsky cows and the duration of their economic use
Authors: Khudyakova Natalia Aleksandrovna , Kondakova Alyona Andreevna , Kashin Andrey Sergeevich , Stupina Alexandra Olegovna , Klassen Inga Andreevna , Kozhevnikova Irina Sergeevna , Kalmykova Maria Sergeevna
Published: December 2024

Increasing the life of cows with high productivity indicators can help increase the profitability of dairy production, increase the number of calves with desired characteristics, as well as reduce the frequency of cow abandonment from the main herd. In addition to external factors, genetic factors, including the leptin gene, influence the duration of the use of animals for economic purposes. This gene is synthesized by fat cells and is involved in the regulation of eating behavior, metabolism, and also affects the reproductive function and immune system of animals. Studies have revealed the effect of the A80V polymorphism of the third exon of the leptin gene on the duration of use of cattle for household purposes. Polymorphism at the LEP-A80V locus has a significant impact on the duration of the productive period and the economic efficiency of animal use. The results of the studies showed a higher frequency of occurrence of the AA and AV genotypes compared to the VV genotype on the A80V site. The purpose of this study was to determine the allelic diversity of the A80V locus of the LEP gene in cows of JSC "Kholmogorsky Stud Farm" that were dropped out for various reasons. To achieve this goal, a sample of retired cows (88 heads) was formed, which we had previously genotyped. As a result of statistical processing of the genotyping results, the dominance of the A-allele (91%) and AA-genotype (82.95%) in this sample of cows was revealed, V-allele (9%), AV-genotype (15.91%), VV-genotype (1.14%) were less common. It is also mathematically proven that cows with the AV genotype have a longer duration of economic use than cows with the AA genotype.
Experimental studies of the technical and operational parameters of wheeled power equipment in production conditions
Authors: Evgeny Vladimirovich  , Mikhailov Andrey Valentinovich , Butenko Alexey Aleksandrovich , Kuznetsov Evgeny Evgenievich
Published: December 2024

When operating machine-tractor aggregates, one of the main indicators affecting its performance is the tangential thrust force developed by the propellers of an energy vehicle. At the same time, it should be noted that its value is greatly influenced by the state of the surface along which this energy medium moves. In other words, the tangential thrust force directly depends on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil layer of the movement surface. It is noted that when a wheeled power vehicle moves along waterlogged clay and heavy loamy soils, a negative effect is observed, expressed in complete sticking of the propellant by the soil, which leads to a loss of movement of the unit and an increase in man-made effects on the fertile layer. To eliminate the stuck soil layer there are the results of experimental studies of a wheeled tractor of the MTZ type, equipped with a cleaning device that allows to stabilize the traction and power characteristics of the tractor in conditions of high humidity and stickiness.
Mathematical model for assessing the efficiency of the technological process of greenhouse soil preparation and use
Authors: Pavlov Pavel Ivanovich , Chentsov Nikolay Alekseevich , Vezirov Aleksandr Olegovich , Dzyuban Ivan Leonidovich
Published: December 2024

Soil-based technology in greenhouse vegetable production involves the use of greenhouse soil. Various machines and equipment designs are employed for its preparation. This article proposes a new technology and machinery for preparing greenhouse soil. A comparison of the characteristics of the new technology with the existing soil preparation methods is presented. Analytical studies are conducted on the impact of a set of technological machine indicators on the efficiency of the technology, utilizing mathematical analysis methods. A mathematical model for assessing the efficiency of the technology implementation is developed, which takes into account agritechnological soil parameters, as well as the performance, energy consumption, and material intensity of each machine in the technological scheme. The influence of each indicator on the overall efficiency of the technology, determined by correction coefficients, is established. A metric for evaluating the efficiency of implementing the new technology compared to the existing one is developed. The research results can be used to assess new machines and equipment, as well as technologies in general, for various agricultural production conditions involving organic fertilizers and different types of greenhouse soil.
The effect of technology elements on the protein content of winter triticale grain
Authors: Goryanin Oleg Ivanovich , Goryanina Tatyana Aleksandrovna , Druzhkin Anatoly Fedorovich , Dzhangabaev Baurzhan Zhunusovich , Goryanin Alexander  Olegovich , Nemtsev Sergey Nikolaevich
Published: December 2024

The research was carried out in order to optimize the elements of technology in various parts of crop rotation in order to obtain the highest protein harvest per unit area in the arid conditions of the Volga region. In 2021-2023, varieties of winter triticale (Factor A) were sown on ordinary chernozem: Krokha, Arcturus, Spica, Capella. According to all predecessors (Factor C): pure black steam, peas, spring barley, triticale were grown on two backgrounds (Factor B): intensive with the use of fertilizers and protective agents; natural in fertility. The highest protein content in triticale grain was revealed on an intense background in the link with pure steam. On average, for four varieties and years, its content was 13.5%, which is 1.0% more than the extensive background for pure steam and 1.4-2.2% more than the values obtained during the cultivation of triticale for barley and peas. The amount of protein obtained per unit area did not depend on the studied varieties, and in the link with pure steam – on weather conditions. In the steam link, the varieties Arcturus and Spica were found to be the most responsive to intensification agents with an increase of 0.13-0.14 t/ha (18.5-21.9%). In the pea link, the total protein harvest decreased by 0.09-0.17 t/ha (14.8-26.6%) compared to the steam link. In the link with spring barley, the lowest total protein harvest was found to be 0.43-0.50 t/ha, which is 28.0-41.9% less than the values obtained in the link with peas and 62.0-62.8% less in the steam link. Based on the data in the region, it is recommended to grow varieties Arcturus, Capella, Krokha and Spica in a link with pure steam and the use of intensification agents. Under favorable weather conditions in the autumn period, it is advisable to cultivate triticale varieties and in combination with peas.
Biological activity of leached chernozem in soybean cultivation using organic farming technology
Authors: Grankin Evgeniy Alekseevich , Korzhov Sergey Ivanovich
Published: December 2024

Organic farming technology is currently used in many regions of the country. Almost the entire range of agricultural crops is grown using this technology. At the same time, crop productivity decreases by 20–30 %. Soybean cultivation using microbiological preparations increases the activity of soil microbiota. The number of ammonifying bacteria was 5.4–12.9 times higher than their number in the control variant and with traditional technology, respectively. This indicates a cumulative effect of using biological preparations and improving soil conditions for this group of microorganisms. When introducing biological preparations, the fungistatic properties of leached chernozem increase. This leads to a decrease in the number of soil micromycetes and fungi of the genus Fusarium, which cause diseases of cultivated field crops.
The influence of global climate instability on spatial changes in the boundaries of natural zones of the Saratov region
Authors: Demakina Irina Igorevna , Fisenko Boris Viktorovich , Chulenev Anatoly Sergeevich
Published: December 2024

The influence of climate instability on global agricultural production is one of the most pressing global problems of the late 20th – early 21st centuries. Assessing the trend in changing agroclimatic indicators is necessary for implementing measures to adapt agricultural crops and improve crop quality. The location of the Saratov region in four natural zones significantly complicates agricultural production. The article presents the results of a retrospective statistical assessment of a complex agroclimatic indicator characterizing the moisture supply of the territory, the hydrothermal coefficient of humidification of G. T. Selyaninov for the growing season (May–September) and the determining climatic indicators for the observation period from 1971 to 2022 at 20 meteorological stations of the Roshydromet network of the Russian Federation. Based on the geospatial assessment of climate change, a conclusion was made about the shift in the boundaries of natural zones in the Saratov region.
The study of winter rye varieties based on biological and economically valuable characteristics
Authors: Zhiganov Daniil Aleksandrovich , Nuzhdina Nadezhda Nikolaevna , Nechaev Vadim Nikolaevich , Ermolaeva Tatyana Yakovlevna
Published: December 2024

The results of the study of 15 winter rye varieties from the world collection are presented in the article. Under natural conditions, due to favorable meteorological environments for the development of overwintering fungi Microdocium nivale and Sclerotinia graminearum Elen., the evaluation on the infectious background was carried out and resistant varieties were identified. Morphological and biological features such as plant height, peduncle length, spike length, density and number of grains per spike as well as economically valuable characters: weight and number of grains per spike, seed mass per test sheaf were studied. Breeding indices were calculated. It was revealed that the majority of varieties by phenotypic traits belong to the recessive type of shortness. Resistant varieties to complex fungal damage Immuner 76, Metelitsa, Yaselda, Petrovna, Vyrii, Saratovskaya 10, Arand and Varco were identified. Varieties Saratovskaya 7, Saratovskaya 10, Alpha, Klich, Arand, Warko are recommended for breeding on yield index.
Fertilization system for thuja seedlings Smaragd when grown in containers in the conditions of the Lower Don region
Authors: Asalkhanova Elena Sergeevna , Kamenev Roman Aleksandrovich , Kameneva Vera Konstantinovna , Korsak Viktor Vladislavovich
Published: December 2024

Field studies were carried out in 2021–2023 in the nursery of Rostovsad LLC, Aksay District, Rostov Region. Smaragd western thuja (Thuja occidentalis Smaragd) seedlings were used as the research object. The seedling growing period started in April. A mixture of neutral peat (fraction size 5–20 mm) up to 80 % and agroperlite up to 20 % by weight was used as a growing substrate. Potassium humate and Kornevin organomineral fertilizers were also used as research objects with fertigation after planting seedlings. Bazakot and azofoska (16:16:16), that are prolonged-release fertilizers, were applied during the preparation of the peat substrate, and the water-soluble Aquarin fertilizer (18:18:18) was applied with fertigation during seedling growing. According to the results of 3-year studies, the highest average weight coefficient (5.0) was in the variant using Kornevin (5 g/5 l of water) in combination with Bazakot (4 g/l of substrate) and Aquarin (18:18:18) (0.2 kg/1000 l of water) during fertigation. The most optimal economic efficiency in growing thuja seedlings was in the variant of fertilization according to the scheme: Bazakot (4 g/l) and Aquarin (18:18:18) and in the variant of Kornevin, Bazakot (4 g/l) and Aquarin (18:18:18) (daily). An increase in indicators by 181 % and conditional net income by 395 rubles/item exceed the indicators of the control variant (128 % and 247 rubles/item).
Fruit setting as a result of hybridization of Syringa representatives in the conditions of the Orel region
Authors: Pavlenkova Galina Alekandrovna
Published: December 2024

Lilac breeding is an important part of the work to expand the genetic diversity of plants, replenish collection funds and enrich the world’s dendroflora with new promising cultivars and forms. Studies were carried out to explore the possibility of hybridization between genotypes of lilac having different taxonomic and genetic origin on the basis of the bioresource collection of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding arboretum (Orel region). Crosses were carried out between the representatives of sections Syringa, Pubescentes, Villosae in 2021–2022. 43 combinations of crossing were tested (intrasectional – 22, intersectional – 21). The original male forms were 5 species (S. ? chinensis, S. emodi, S. ? henryi, S. josikaea, S. vulgaris), 1 variety (S. ? persica var. laciniata) and 8 varieties (S. ? hyacinthiflora ?Buffon?, S. meyeri ?Palibin?, S. ? prestoniae ?Donald Wyman?, S. ? prestoniae ?Lucetta?, S. vulgaris ?Condorset?, S. vulgaris ?Krasnaya Moskva?, S. vulgaris ?Monge?, S. vulgaris ?Primrose?). The number of formed hybrid fruits (pcs.) and fruit setting (%) were determined. Based on the studies, the most effective parent forms and combinations of crosses were identified. It was found that combinations of crosses were characterized by good setting of hybrid fruits, where the pollinators were S. josikaea, S. vulgaris ?Primrose?, S. ? prestoniae ?Donald Wyman?; the female form was S. josikaea. During hybridization within sections, the setting of hybrid fruits was observed in combination of Villosae ? Villosae (21.8 %), Syringa ? Syringa (7.3 %); between different sections – in combination of Villosae ? Pubescentes (1.3 %). Intersectional combinations of crosses Syringa ? Villosae, Pubescentes ? Villosae, Villosae ? Syringa proved to be ineffective.
Main parameters of adaptability of introduced early age grape varieties
Authors: Polukhina Elena Vladimirovna
Published: December 2024

This article presents the results of studying main parameters of adaptability of introduced seedless grape varieties. The experience was laid down in the spring of 2020 according to the method of M.A. Lazarevsky on the territory of the vineyard of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”. The landing pattern is 4.0  ? 2.0 m. The object of research was 16 seedless grape varieties of various breeding. The zoned Luchisty variety was a control. The conducted studies showed that the degree of maturation of shoots over three years of study was maximum in 2022, when the sum of active air temperatures above 10 °C during the growing season was 3679.3 ° C – from 90,6 % in the Neptune variety to 99.9 % in the Stoletie variety. The maximum leaf plate was in 2022 in the varieties Jupiter and Veles (99.8 cm2), Lucia (98.7 cm2), Neptune (89.9 cm2), Stoletie (86.7 cm2). Varieties Veles, Lucia, Stoletie were characterized by the highest values of leaf area per hectare – up to 1187.5 m2/ha. The maximum leaf surface index (leaf area per 1 m2 of soil surface) had Lucia and Veles varieties – 0,08 and 0.09 m2/m2, respectively. The standard variety Luchisty also had a fairly high level of leaf surface – 0.06 m2/m2.
Screening of soybean varieties and lines in the conditions of the Saratov Left Bank
Authors: Subbotin Alexander Gennadievich , Kostina Ekaterina Evgenievna , Dyzhina Alexandra Aleksandrovna , Panfilov Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of studies of different soybean varieties and lines by the main economically valuable traits. According to the results of the studies, the following varieties were identified among the studied samples in terms of plant height that exceeded the standard: ES Komandor, ES Mentor and Slavia. The following lines were classified as tall: 3-22/132, 4-1/2, 4-1/5, 4-4/22, 4-5/29, 4-6/32, 4-7/140, 4-10/64, 4-12/69, 4-18/106, 4-25/156. In terms of the height of the lower bean, a reliable excess was found out in the following samples: ES Komandor, Kofu, Vezelitsa, 4-25/156, 4-24/141, 4-12/69, 4-14/79, 4-10/64, 4-1/2, 4-7/140, 4-21/122, 4-4 /22, 4-5/29. The analysis of the structure of biological yield of seeds showed that the samples ES Mentor, Slavia, Vezelitsa, 4-25/156, 4-24/141, 4-12/69, 4-27/160, 4-14/79, 4-1/2, 4-19/111, 4-9/54, 4-7/140, 4-21/122, 4-4/22, 3-22/132, 4-5/29, 4-6/32 formed its largest value. Based on the biochemical evaluation of soybean seeds, the following samples were identified with high protein content: Vezelitsa, 3-22/132, 4-5/29, 4-10/64, 4-12/12, 4-12/69, 4-21/122, 4-24/141, 4-25/148. In terms of fat content, the most interesting varieties are ES Komandor and Slavia, among the lines - 4-18/106, 4-25/156, 4-27/160, 4-12/68. High fiber content in soybean meal was noted in the ES Mentor variety and the 4-19/111 line. Statistical evaluation of the studied traits showed that the share of the studied traits in the seed yield of the studied soybean samples was 0.02%. The plant height parameters accounted for 5.5%, the height of the first bean attachment was 5.5%, the length of the internodes was 0.56%, the degree of plant lodging was 0.47%, and the number of plants for harvesting was 0.56%. The greatest contribution was noted for the following parameters: the number of beans (23.75%), the number of seeds per 1 plant (23.75%), the weight of seeds (33.03%), the weight of 1000 seeds (0.47%), the protein content (4.0%), the fat content (1.13%), the fiber (0.01%), and the nitrogen-free extractive substances (6.88%). The factor loadings of the studied traits were determined in the model soybean population.
Cluster and factor analysis of morphophysiological characteristics of soybean varieties
Authors: Tobolnov Dmitry Andreevich , Stepanova Natalia Viktorovna , Denisov Konstantin Evgenievich , Chetverikov Fedor Petrovich
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of soybean breeding work focused on a detailed study of the interrelationships of morphometric characteristics in order to optimize the period of creation of competitive, highly adaptive varieties, new in genetic structure. 43 varieties of soybeans selected by Russian scientific institutions were included in the study. According to the average indicators of the varietal characteristics, a data matrix has been compiled for correlation analysis. The studied material is grouped into 13 clusters based on cluster analysis, which is confirmed by statistical processing. The obtained correlation coefficients are grouped into six hypothetical factors, the contribution of which to the accumulated variance was more than 5 %. A general assessment of the variability of the characteristics of the studied model population is presented, a slight variation in the content of protein (3.43 %), fat (6.89 %), ash (7.01 %), fiber (4.26 %) and nitrogen-free extractive substances (5.26 %) in seeds is noted. The average variation was characterized by plant height (16.91 %) and weight of 1000 seeds (14.55 %). The height of attachment of the lower bean (30.80 %), the number of productive nodes (50.10 %), the number of beans from the plant (43.59 %), the number of seeds (39.18 %) and yield (39.10 %) are highly variable. At a critical correlation coefficient value of 5 % 0.304, the correlation of the number of productive nodes with the number of beans (r=0.85), the number of seeds (r=0.52), yield (r=0.52); the number of beans per plant with the number of seeds (r=0.47), yield (r=0.47) and the content of BEV in seeds (r=0.35). The factor loadings of the soybean model population (Z1-Z4) were 74.8 %, with the first factor accounting for 3.56 %.
Analysis of the content of zein and zeaxanthin in grain of maize breeding lines
Authors: Belyaeva Anna Anatolievna , Kusmartseva Yulia Aleksandrovna , Kormilitsin Egor Andreevich , Silaev Alexey Ivanovich
Published: December 2024

Grain quality breeding is an important area for the creation of high-quality varieties and hybrids of maize. In addition to the total protein content in the grain, it is essential to determine the fractions of zeins, as well as the carotenoid zeaxanthin. The aim was to study maize hybrids and lines according to the content of the protein zein and the carotenoid zeaxanthin to identify valuable sources of useful traits in grain quality breeding. 20 lines and hybrids of maize from the collection of the Vavilov University were studied. The analysis of the content and electrophoresis of zein proteins, the study of the absorption spectrum of zeaxanthin in the studied maize hybrids and lines revealed significant genetic diversity. Samples with a high content of zein (SGAU 3M – 3.05 % and Actor – 3.18 %) and zeaxanthin (Actor and Visavi – more than 15 µg/1 g of flour) were identified. It is noted that the dimeric forms of zeins detected by electrophoresis are characteristic of lines with a high protein content. The selected lines and hybrids can serve as sources of valuable traits in maize breeding for grain quality.
Improving the theory of lighting technical calculations for agricultural production
Authors: Popov Mikhail Vladimirovich , Bakirov Sergey Mudarisovich , Shirobokova Tatyana Aleksandrovna , Verzilin Andrey Aleksandrovich , Domnyshev Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2024

g into account the diffuse reflection of the light flux from the walls of rooms without windows. The presented method makes it possible to create an algorithm with a linear dependence, in which the number of calculations depends on the number of reflections and it is enough to store 6N2 results of the previous integration (N is the number of integration points). At the same time, the number of light sources does not have a significant impact on the amount of calculations, nor does the number of points at which it is necessary to find out the illumination.
Theoretical and practical aspects of ensuring the safety of workers at diagnostic posts, maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery
Authors: Shkrabak Roman Vladimirovich , Frolov Anton Sergeevich , Yakovleva Elena Valerievna , Gusev Alexey Vyacheslavovich , Shkrabak Vladimir Stepanovich
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of research on the state of injuries and morbidity in the structures of OKVED (including AIC), their levels, sources, causes, and consequences. The importance of improving the regulatory and legal framework for occupational safety in terms of improving the components of the problem from 2020-2021 to the present is noted. A brief analysis of the dynamics of general, fatal and severe injuries over the last five years, including types of economic activities, taking into account the risk of injury, is carried out, attention is drawn to the dynamics with the number of newly identified occupational diseases over the first twenty years of the current century. The average distribution of industrial accidents by types of injuries to organs and systems of workers is given. Attention is drawn to the classification of typical causes of accidents in OKVED structures in terms of insufficient attention to sources of injury due to engineering and technical imperfection of production technologies and methods and means of their implementation. In particular, we are talking about the design flaws of the means of electromechanization and automation of technological processes in terms of safety parameters, the nomenclature of these non-improvements is listed and attention is drawn to their statistical level that does not correspond to production practice (it is underestimated by almost an order of magnitude compared with the realities of the true causes of injuries). Innovative developments confirming the legitimacy of the need for prompt attention to issues of engineering and technical safety in production technologies and the design of methods and means of their implementation are given.
Influence of organic fertilizer “Biagum” on the growth of annual apple tree seedlings
Authors: Zykov Andrey Vladimirovich , Egorova Ksenia Igorevna , Yunin Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2024

The article considers the issue of the influence of organic fertilizer "Biagum" on the growth of annual apple seedlings of the varieties Ladoga, Osennee polosatoe (Streifling, Shtrifel) and Antonovka vulgaris, engrafted on the seed stock. During the research, a systematic approach was used to study the influence of soil conditions on the development of apple seedlings according to generally accepted experimental methods: morphology of fruit and berry plants, research methods and guidelines for the diagnosis of mineral nutrition of apple trees and other garden crops. According to the program and methodology, when laying experimental plots, an analysis of the initial state of nutrients and morphological parameters of experimental samples of apple seedlings was carried out. Studies have shown that the survival rate at various doses of applied organic fertilizers was 98%, the planting material is not susceptible to diseases and can be used in further observations. The scientific novelty of the work was to identify patterns of plant development from the doses of applied fertilizer. It was found out that the greatest increase in the height of seedlings in all apple varieties is observed at a fertilizer dose of 8 t/ha, and the yield of seedlings of the first grade according to GOST R 59653-2021 increased by 25% compared with the control. The growth rate of seedlings depends significantly on the variety of apple trees. The studied varieties have differences in the growth rate depending on the doses of fertilizer application. The use of organic fertilizer "Biagum" has shown that it meets all the requirements and has a positive effect on the survival and growth processes of annual fruit seedlings.
The potential of leguminous crops as a high-protein component in feed production
Authors: Sazonova Irina Aleksandrovna , Bychkova Vera Valerievna , Erokhina Anna Viktorovna , Molchanov Alexey Vyacheslavovich , Zaitsev Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2024

The article studied the biochemical composition of legume grains (soybeans, chickpeas, lentils), as well as the fractional composition of proteins over three years of research (2020-2022). It was found that the fractional composition of proteins in legume grains was not stable throughout the entire period of research. Based on the results of three growing seasons, a number of varieties were identified whose grain contained the largest amount of complete protein: Pokrovskaya soybean and Oktava lentil. At the same time, Pokrovskaya soybean, with the highest protein content in the grain, was characterized by the highest value of the complete protein fraction and the minimum amount of incomplete protein and insoluble residue. The conducted studies showed that Octava lentils and Pokrovskaya soybeans can be recommended for further selection in order to obtain grains with high biological value of the protein complex and inclusion in feed mixtures.
The design of an immunomodulatory drug and its preclinical studies (assessment of acute toxicity of the injectable form of the drug “Methyluracil-RI”)
Authors: Chekunov Mikhail Аndreevich , Chekunova Ekaterina Dmitrievna , Kozlov Sergey Vasilievich
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the results of a preclinical study of the drug "Methyluracil-RI", which includes an assessment of acute toxicity and determination of its safety. During the study, it was found that the drug in doses from 2500 to 3500 mg / kg did not have a fatal effect on animals. At dosages of 4000, 4500 and 5000 mg /kg of the active substance, sluggish depression was noted, followed by arousal. All subsequent doses proved fatal. The maximum dose (7,500 mg/kg) was lethal for all animals. During the study, it was found that the drug belongs to the 4th hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007-76.
Influence of pyrometer (thermal imager) settings on measurement results
Authors: Biryukov Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the use of popular models of pyrometers and thermal imagers for non-contact temperature measurement, improving the accuracy of measurements and the influence of preliminary settings on their registrations. A table of temperature measurements with different preset values is provided.