bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for diabetes research using the Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry
Authors: Egeland Grace M. , Sundvor Vernar , Igland Jannicke , Seliussen Ingvei , Klakegg Yngve , Vollset Stein Emil , Akerkar Rupali , Tell Grethe S. , Ebbing Marta
Published: May 2016

While Norway has many outstanding health registries that are used as a foundation for surveillance, quality control and epidemiologic research, it was recognized that a knowledge gap existed regarding the prevalence, incidence, and quality of health care delivery for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which remains the primary cause of death in the country. Given broad agreement for the need for a registry by patient organizations, research environments and health authorities, the Norwegian Parliament decided to establish the Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry (NCVDR) in March 2010 and then adopted new regulations in December 2011 which established the NCVDR. The registry consists of a core registry housed and maintained by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) that is supplemented with information from the medical quality registries housed and maintained by the hospital trusts. Given the burden of CVD among patients with diabetes and the unique challenges of medical care for CVD patients with diabetes, the registries also provides a new opportunity to advance diabetes research in Norway.
The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) – past, present and future
Authors: Magnus Per , Stoltenberg Camilla
Published: May 2016

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Pre-eclampsia research in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Magnus Per , Trogstad Lill
Published: May 2016

Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy disorder of unknown origin. In Norway, pre-eclampsia is reported in 3 to 4 per cent of registered births. At present, November 2014, a series of investigations into the etiology of preeclampsia have been published internationally from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and several studies are ongoing. The intention of this paper is to give a short summary of what has been accomplished, and to discuss future avenues of research concerning causes, mechanisms and consequences of pre-eclampsia. The papers that have been published up to now include seven that concern life-styles (physical activity, tobacco and diet), six that include prior pregnancies, infection, gestational weight gain, toxicants and tryptophan metabolism, and two studies concerning issues of selection and validity. Major findings are that tobacco smoking is only associated with reduced risk of pre-eclampsia when it occurs in the last trimester; that processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with increased risk while vegetables, vitamin D and probiotics are associated with reduced risk; and that prior induced abortions have the same risk-reducing effect as a prior pregnancy. For future studies, we suggest that better use should be made of the family structure built into MoBa. This includes better use of the discordant pregnancy design. A series of ongoing genetic studies, partly in international consortia, will hopefully open new etiological insights. The indications that pre-eclampsia is related to cardiovascular disease and other complex disorders should be further investigated through systematic follow-up of pre-eclamptic women and controls. Finally, MoBa is eminently suited to study the influences that pre-eclampsia can have on the growing child.
Multiple births and maternal mental health from pregnancy to 5 years after birth: A longitudinal population-based cohort study
Authors: Ystrom Eivind , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Tambs Kristian , Magnus Per , Torgersen Anne Mari , Gustavson Kristin
Published: May 2016

Background: There is a lack of population-based studies on multiple births and maternal mental health. Having a high-risk pregnancy by bearing two or more children is a stressful life event, and the challenges of parenting two or more children probably also lead to a high level of parental stress. There are a few results on multiple births and maternal mental health from studies on in vitro fertilization samples. The only previous cohort study on multiple birth and maternal mental health included a single measure of depressive symptoms at 9 months postpartum. We aim to estimate the relative risk for depression and anxiety after multiple birth in a population-based prospective cohort study while adjusting for factors prior and subsequent to fertilization.Methods: We used data from 87,807 pregnancies included in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study. Information on multiple birth was retrieved from the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry, and maternal mental health was assessed at 17th and 30th week of gestation and 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 5 years postpartum. There were 1,842 plural births included in the study (i.e. 1,821 twin births and 21 higher order births). We predicted maternal mental health at each time point, subsequently adjusting for 1) factors prior to fertilization (e.g. maternal age and in vitro fertilization); 2) factors during pregnancy (e.g. hypertensive states); 3) factors at delivery (e.g. cesarean section); 4) child-related postnatal complications (e.g. intracranial hemorrhage); and 5) concurrent depression or anxiety after pregnancy.Results: Adjusted for antecedents of plural birth, mothers expecting a plural birth had a normal risk for anxiety (RR=1.05; 95% CI 0.92-1.20) and depression (RR=1.02; 95% CI 0.89-1.16) at 17th week of gestation. However, plural birth was associated with maternal depression at 1.5, 3, and 5 years postpartum and maternal anxiety at 3 years postpartum. The trend was for the association to increase across time, and mothers of multiplets had a significant higher risk for depression at 5 years (RR=1.77; 95% CI 1.33-2.35). Fully adjusted the RR for depression was 1.51 (95% CI 1.10-2.08). By adjusting depression for concurrent anxiety, and vice versa we found the effect of multiple pregnancy to be specific to depression and not anxiety.Conclusions: Mothers expecting multiplets have normal mental health during pregnancy. After birth there is an increasing risk for depression up to 5 years of age. Our findings indicate that more is simply more, and mothers of multiplets have need for additional support several years postpartum
Epidemiology and health policy: How to avoid becoming prisoners of the proximate
Authors: Westin Steinar
Published: May 2016

It goes without saying, epidemiology – the science of distribution of diseases and risk factors in populations– is the basis for all sound and rational health policy. Politicians and people in charge of health serviceswill always be looking for data on the needs for health care in the population, particularly in a welfare statewhere health services are supposed to be provided according to medical needs and not according to wealth,or “demands” in the market. However, there are two obvious challenges for epidemiology in this respect: 1.It must provide evidence relevant to population health and health policy, and 2. Since health policy is alsoabout health promotion and the prevention of disease, knowledge derived from epidemiology needs someextra concerns and considerations: Epidemiological knowledge is based on data from individuals, whilesound preventive measures require strategies for populations. This shift in perspective calls for a goodunderstanding of “causes of the causes”, the social determinants for health. There is a risk of being seducedby “the inverse evidence law”, suggesting that the best evidence we have is about the simplest but potentiallyleast effective interventions. We have less, or weaker evidence about complex interventions – such aspolicies. This paradox may lead to the false conclusions that lack of evidence means that there is evidenceagainst an intervention. A true challenge for epidemiology, when providing evidence for health policy, ishow to avoid becoming “prisoners of the proximate”.
Leopold Buczkowski’s Czarny potok: Commemoration of a Shtetl as a Humanistic Crisis
Authors: Brenner Rachel F.
Published: May 2016

Leopold Buczkowski (1905–89) is considered one of the most enigmatic Polish prose writers. Czarny potok (Black Torrent), his first postwar novel and his masterpiece, was critically examined in terms of its complex aesthetic. This article focuses on the thematic of Black Torrent, which centers on the destruction of the Jewish town Szabasowa. Thus, in one sense, the novel serves as a Yizkor Book, a testimonial of the destruction of a Jewish community. In another sense, the novel presents a unique vision of Polish and Jewish underground insurgents on a mission to protect the surviving Jewish children and defend the population at large. This Polish-Jewish band proclaims an empathic-dialogic relationship of equals; their shared goal of fighting the occupier and collaborators supersedes the identifications of ethnicity, blood kinship, or religion. However, unavoidable exposure to the inhumane Weltanschauung of the enemy raises the issue of the effects of the genocidal system on the humanistic orientation of the band members. While attempts to reform the perpetrator in an empathic-dialogic interaction fail, the recourse to a violent, ruthless struggle for survival denotes a compromise of the humanistic values of equality, justice, and empathy. The article shows how Buczkowski’s ars poetica informed by his humanistic-enlightened upbringing enabled his vision of human solidarity and mutual obligation under the circumstances of genocidal terror.
An Approach to Lumbar Revision Spine Surgery in Adults
Authors: Bederman S. Samuel , Le Vu H. , Pahlavan Sohrab
Published: May 2016

Along with the increase in lifestyle expectations in the aging population, a dramatic rise in surgical rates has been observed over the past 2 decades. Consequently, the rate of revision spine surgery is expected to increase. A systematic approach to treatment is required for the adult patient presenting with late or chronic complications after spinal surgery. Patient assessment includes elucidating current symptoms and knowledge of the previous surgery, performing a detailed assessment, and obtaining appropriate studies. Subsequently, differential diagnoses are formulated based on whether the pathology arises from the same levels or adjacent levels of the spine and whether it relates to the previous decompression or fusion. Finally, familiarity with different surgical approaches is imperative in treating the common pathologies encountered in this patient population.
Intramedullary Fixation of Clavicle Fractures: Anatomy, Indications, Advantages, and Disadvantages
Authors: Eichinger Josef K. , Balog Todd P. , Grassbaugh Jason A.
Published: May 2016

Historically, management of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures has consisted of nonsurgical treatment. However, recent literature has supported surgical repair of displaced and shortened clavicle fractures. Several options exist for surgical fixation, including plate and intramedullary (IM) fixation. IM fixation has the potential advantages of a smaller incision and decreased dissection and soft-tissue exposure. For the last two decades, the use of Rockwood and Hagie pins represented the most popular form of IM fixation, but concerns exist regarding stability and complications. The use of alternative IM implants, such as Kirschner wires, titanium elastic nails, and cannulated screws, also has been described in limited case series. However, concerns persist regarding the complications associated with the use of these implants, including implant failure, migration, skin complications, and construct stability. Second-generation IM implants have been developed to reduce the limitations of earlier IM devices. Although anatomic and clinical studies have supported IM fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures, further research is necessary to determine the optimal fixation method.
Organizational Social Capital and Commitment-Based HR Practices as the Determining Factors of Organizational Performance
Authors: Po Li Chia , Kirana Yahya Khulida , Fee Yean Tan
Published: May 2016

The present study examined the relationship between commitment-based human resource practices (CBHRP), organizational performance and the mediating effect of organizational social capital (OSC). Data were gathered from a sample of 150 multi-national organizations by using survey questionnaire method. Response rate was encouraging as it achieved 95 percent. A relevant statistical analytical technique to test the hypotheses such as regression analysis was used. Findings supported the hypothesized relationships between commitment-based HR practices, organizational social capital and organizational performance. The results imply that commitment-based HR practices and organizational social capital are important factors for organizational growth and sustain a competitive, which result better organizational performance.
Evaluation of Degree of Coordination between Chinese Investment in Basic Research and Economic Growth
Authors: Dandan Wu , Zichen Wang , Shengming Zheng
Published: May 2016

Based on the theory of complex systems science and synergetics, a model for the coordination degree of complex system “investment in basic research and economic growth” was built in this paper for the quantitative evaluation of the degree of coordination between investment in basic research and economic growth in China in recent 2 decades from a macro perspective. Results show that the subsystem of investment in basic research and the subsystem of economic growth and the whole complete system are showing a good momentum of steady growth. Although the subsystem of investment in basic research is slightly inferior to the subsystem of economic growth in order degree, it more matches the coordination of China's economic growth on the whole. In order to further promote and strengthen the basic research efforts in China, a number of policy recommendations were raised in this paper with a view to advancing the proper operation of the investment in basic research system in China in the new normal of economy and its long-term coordinate development with the complex system of economic growth. 
Relational and Identity-Making Capabilities in the Internationalization Process: The Case of US Food Service Sector
Authors: Della Corte Valentina , Del Gaudio Giovanna
Published: May 2016

This paper aims at exploring the link between internationalization strategies and local identity. More precisely, this study analyzes how firms manage this relationship, understanding if a firm can express the local identity and to what extent this latter can be extended through without jeopardizing the essential soul of its products/services.
The analysis is developed according to a double level that includes the recognition of both distinctive resources and competences and the specific relational capabilities necessary in the internationalization process. Furthermore, the strength of this paper is represented by the examination of different types of firms (single location full-service restaurants, chain restaurants and fast food restaurants) operating in the food service sector.
Specifying An Efficient Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff
Authors: Farrell Niall , Devine Mel T. , Lee William T. , Gleeson James P. , Lyons Seán
Published: May 2016

Commonly-employed Feed-in Tariff (FiT) structures result in either investors or policymakers incurring all market price risk. This paper derives efficient pricing formulae for FiT designs that divide market price risk amongst investors and policymakers. With increasing deployment and renewable energy policy costs, a means to precisely apportion this risk becomes of greater importance. Option pricing theory is used to calculate efficient FiT prices and expected policy cost when investors are exposed to elements of market price risk. Expected remuneration and policy cost is equal for all FiTs while policymaker and investor exposure to uncertain market prices differs. Partial derivatives characterise sensitivity to unexpected deviations in market conditions. This sensitivity differs by FiT type. The magnitudes of these effects are quantified using numerical examples for a stylised Irish case study. Based on these relationships, we discuss the conditions under which each policy choice may be preferred.
Toekomstbestendig mededingingsrecht
Authors: Gerbrandy Anna
Published: May 2016

Toekomstbestendig mededingingsrecht

Dit artikel is voor een groot deel gelijk aan de tekst van de inaugurele rede die de auteur uitsprak op 4 april 2016 bij de aanvaarding van het ambt van hoogleraar Mededingingsrecht.
Integratie kan woonplaatsplicht bij personen met subsidiaire bescherming rechtvaardigen
Authors: Pahladsingh A.
Published: May 2016

Integratie kan woonplaatsplicht bij personen met subsidiaire bescherming rechtvaardigen.

Het Hof van Justitie spreekt zich in het arrest Alo en Osso uit over de verhouding tussen het vrije verkeer van personen met de subsidiaire beschermingsstatus en de maatregelen ter bevordering van hun integratie. Een woonplaatsverplichting mag hun worden opgelegd wanneer zij meer met integratieproblemen worden geconfronteerd dan andere personen die geen burger van de Unie zijn en legaal verblijven op het grondgebied van de lidstaat die deze bescherming heeft verleend.

HvJ 1 maart 2016, gevoegde zaken C-443/14 en C-444/14, Alo en Osso, ECLI:EU:C:2016:127
Jurisprudentie zoeken op Europese schaal
Authors: van Opijnen M. , Veenman B.
Published: May 2016

Jurisprudentie zoeken op Europese schaal: Hoe de ECLI-zoekmachine de grensoverschrijdende toegankelijkheid van rechterlijke uitspraken vergroot

De European Case Law Identifier (ECLI) is inmiddels door acht lidstaten en drie Europese gerechten geïmplementeerd. Het citeren en vinden van uitspraken wordt daarmee reeds vereenvoudigd, maar de echte kracht van het ECLI-raamwerk zal beter zichtbaar worden nu ook de ECLI-zoekmachine beschikbaar is. Op deze door de Europese Commissie ontwikkelde website zijn miljoenen rechterlijke uitspraken op uniforme wijze doorzoekbaar gemaakt. Weliswaar is deze zoekmachine een belangrijke stap voorwaarts, maar de komende jaren zal nog veel werk moeten worden verzet om de grensoverschrijdende toegankelijkheid van rechtspraak verder te verbeteren. Voor een deel kan dat met slimme technologie, maar ook de rechterlijke macht zelf zal een bijdrage moeten leveren.

https://e-justice.europa.eu/content_ecli_search_engine-430-nl.do
Bestuurlijke boete of bestuurlijke strafbeschikking?
Authors: Verloop P.C. , West M.A.J.
Published: May 2016

Bestuurlijke boete of bestuurlijke strafbeschikking?

Een bijdrage van mr. Verloop en mr. West naar aanleiding van het WODC-rapport De punitieve handhaving van de Omgevingswet in welk rapport wordt ingegaan op de gewenste opzet en inrichting van de punitieve handhaving van de nieuwe Omgevingswet. Aan de hand van de slotbeschouwing van het rapport gaan de schrijvers in op de stelling of bij de keuze tussen de bestuurlijke strafbeschikking en de bestuurlijke boete, primair te dient worden ingezet op de bestuurlijke strafbeschikking.
Van feitgecodeerde naar beleidsgebaseerde bestuurlijke strafbeschikkingen
Authors: Boer P.W.S.
Published: May 2016

Van feitgecodeerde naar beleidsgebaseerde bestuurlijke strafbeschikkingen

De huidige toepassing van de bestuurlijke strafbeschikking kent knelpunten: te weinig feiten, met rigide feitomschrijvingen en vaste tarieven, zodat onvoldoende rekening kan worden gehouden met specifieke omstandigheden. Voor meer passende bestraffing wordt in het onderzoeksrapport Punitieve handhaving van de Omgevingswet een meer open bestuurlijke strafbeschikkingsbevoegdheid voorgesteld. In dit artikel wordt dit voorstel gesteund. Door niet meer te werken met de systematiek van feitcodes maar met meer algemene omschrijvingen en bandbreedtes voor boetes, en dus met meer beleidsvrijheid kan het instrument van de bestuurlijke strafbeschikking leiden tot een bredere inzet van de kennis en capaciteit van het bestuur binnen de strafvordering.
World class manufacturing (WCM): Estudo de caso da implantação do pilar controle da qualidade no processo de cromação de uma empresa do setor automotivo no Sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Borges Richardson Coimbra , De Oliveira Elton Henrique
Published: May 2016

O World Class Manufacturing (WCM) ou Manufatura Classe Mundial surge como modelo de gestão bastante eficaz e eficiente. Baseado nos conceitos de zero desperdício, zero quebra, zero defeito, e zero estoque, vem apresentando excelentes resultados para as empresas que o adotam. Com o objetivo de apresentar a implantação e resultados desse modelo de gestão na aplicação de seu pilar Controle da Qualidade foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma empresa do setor automotivo do sul de Minas Gerais. Os resultados apresentados pela empresa com a implantação do sistema confirmaram sua eficiência e efetividade, mas, e também, evidenciaram as dificuldades encontradas.
Anterior chamber cholesterolosis in a patient with retinoblastoma
Authors: Hong Bryan K. , Say Emil Anthony T. , Chévez-Barrios Patricia , Lee Thomas C. , Kim Jonathan W.
Published: May 2016

Anterior chamber cholesterolosis is a rare phenomenon typically associated with non-neoplastic conditions such as hyphema or Coats disease; it has never been reported to be associated with intraocular malignancy. We report a case of anterior chamber cholesterolosis presenting in the setting of retinoblastoma and discuss clinical features relevant for its differentiation from Coats disease.
La restitution comme espace de confrontation de savoirs pluriels : le cas d’une recherche-intervention
Authors: Gurnade Marie-Madeleine , Marcel Jean-François
Published: May 2016

Cette contribution étudie les interrelations entre la sphère scientifique et la sphère socio-politique à travers l’analyse de la confrontation de connaissances et de savoirs pluriels au cours d’une première restitution intermédiaire des résultats. Ce temps de présentation et d’échange avec les commanditaires (une municipalité) s’inscrit dans un observatoire du «vivre sa jeunesse». Dans le cadre d’une recherche-intervention, il s’agit de comprendre comment cette situation d’interaction concourt à la fois au développement d’un savoir partagé et à l’articulation des enjeux de la science et du politique. Pour ce faire, la sociologie de la traduction (Callon, 1989) et la théorie de la spirale de connaissances (Nonaka et Takeuchi, 1997) sont mobilisées pour interroger les discours produits dans le cadre de cette restitution. L’analyse sémantique et thématique des discours ainsi que des interactions met au jour les prémices d’un savoir partagé qui permet un réinvestissement dans la praxis.
Conceptions d’enseignants marocains du primaire à propos des démarches d’enseignement-apprentissage à mettre en oeuvre pour actualiser la pédagogie de l’intégration
Authors: Bou-serdane Ismail
Published: May 2016

La pédagogie de l’intégration a été prescrite par le ministère de l’Éducation nationale marocain en 2009 afin de mettre en oeuvre une approche par compétences dans les écoles marocaines. Cet article s’interroge sur la mise en oeuvre de cette pédagogie dans les salles de classe. Sur la base d’une recherche conduite sous la forme d’entrevue, il analyse les conceptions d’enseignants marocains du primaire au regard des démarches d’enseignement-apprentissage à mettre en place pour opérationnaliser cette pédagogie. Les résultats de cette analyse révèlent que les enseignants maintiennent toujours une logique de transmission des savoirs dans la façon dont ils conçoivent les démarches d’enseignement-apprentissage à mettre en oeuvre pour actualiser la pédagogie de l’intégration.
Entre science et politique : les politiques du savoir dans le monde associatif
Authors: Lochard Yves , Simonet-Cusset Maud
Published: May 2016

Depuis les années 1980, il est possible d’identifier un mouvement général du monde associatif vers la production de savoirs propres et une reconnaissance institutionnelle de cette contribution à l’observation sociale. L’analyse des discours et des pratiques des acteurs met en évidence une diversité de politiques des savoirs : des politiques qui se définissent dans un double rapport au monde scientifique d’une part, et à l’État de l’autre, et qui, dans leur diversité, sont traversées par une même tension : celle de la coexistence et de l’articulation d’une logique de l’action et d’une logique de la connaissance.
Élites et leaders ethniques : entre mobilité sociale et structuration communautaire
Authors: Martiniello Marco
Published: May 2016

Pour rendre compte de la situation post-migratoire en Europe continentale, l’auteur, ayant distingué entre catégorie ethnique et communauté ethnique et entre élites ethniques et leader ethnique, trace le bilan et les enjeux théoriques de l’étude des élites et du leadership ethniques dans la même région du monde. Une critique de la version la plus courante de la thèse de l’ethnicisation des rapports sociaux est présentée et une théorisation à la fois alternative et complémentaire est exposée. Cette théorisation met en évidence les relations de pouvoir et d’impuissance qui se nouent entre la polity de la société d’immigration et les communautés ethniques d’origine immigrée. La position et le rôle des élites et des leaders ethniques dans ces relations inégalitaires font l’objet d’une attention particulière. Dans la troisième partie de l’article, l’exemple de la collectivité belge francophone d’origine italienne sert à illustrer les propositions théoriques avancées.
PHF13 is a molecular reader and transcriptional co-regulator of H3K4me2/3
Authors: Chung Ho-Ryun , Xu Chao , Fuchs Alisa , Mund Andreas , Lange Martin , Staege Hannah , Schubert Tobias , Bian Chuanbing , Dunkel Ilona , Eberharter Anton , Regnard Catherine , Klinker Henrike , Meierhofer David , Cozzuto Luca , Winterpacht Andreas , Di Croce Luciano , Min Jinrong , Will Hans , Kinkley Sarah
Published: May 2016

PHF13 is a chromatin affiliated protein with a functional role in differentiation, cell division, DNA damage response and higher chromatin order. To gain insight into PHF13's ability to modulate these processes, we elucidate the mechanisms targeting PHF13 to chromatin, its genome wide localization and its molecular chromatin context. Size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography and ChIP sequencing demonstrate that PHF13 binds chromatin in a multivalent fashion via direct interactions with H3K4me2/3 and DNA, and indirectly via interactions with PRC2 and RNA PolII. Furthermore, PHF13 depletion disrupted the interactions between PRC2, RNA PolII S5P, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 and resulted in the up and down regulation of genes functionally enriched in transcriptional regulation, DNA binding, cell cycle, differentiation and chromatin organization. Together our findings argue that PHF13 is an H3K4me2/3 molecular reader and transcriptional co-regulator, affording it the ability to impact different chromatin processes.
NOVA regulates Dcc alternative splicing during neuronal migration and axon guidance in the spinal cord
Authors: Leggere Janelle C , Saito Yuhki , Darnell Robert B , Tessier-Lavigne Marc , Junge Harald J , Chen Zhe
Published: May 2016

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) control multiple aspects of post-transcriptional gene regulation and function during various biological processes in the nervous system. To further reveal the functional significance of RBPs during neural development, we carried out an in vivo RNAi screen in the dorsal spinal cord interneurons, including the commissural neurons. We found that the NOVA family of RBPs play a key role in neuronal migration, axon outgrowth, and axon guidance. Interestingly, Nova mutants display similar defects as the knockout of the Dcc transmembrane receptor. We show here that Nova deficiency disrupts the alternative splicing of Dcc, and that restoring Dcc splicing in Nova knockouts is able to rescue the defects. Together, our results demonstrate that the production of DCC splice variants controlled by NOVA has a crucial function during many stages of commissural neuron development.
Adenosine diphosphate restricts the protein remodeling activity of the Hsp104 chaperone to Hsp70 assisted disaggregation
Authors: Kłosowska Agnieszka , Chamera Tomasz , Liberek Krzysztof
Published: May 2016

Hsp104 disaggregase provides thermotolerance in yeast by recovering proteins from aggregates in cooperation with the Hsp70 chaperone. Protein disaggregation involves polypeptide extraction from aggregates and its translocation through the central channel of the Hsp104 hexamer. This process relies on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. Considering that Hsp104 is characterized by low affinity towards ATP and is strongly inhibited by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), we asked how Hsp104 functions at the physiological levels of adenine nucleotides. We demonstrate that physiological levels of ADP highly limit Hsp104 activity. This inhibition, however, is moderated by the Hsp70 chaperone, which allows efficient disaggregation by supporting Hsp104 binding to aggregates but not to non-aggregated, disordered protein substrates. Our results point to an additional level of Hsp104 regulation by Hsp70, which restricts the potentially toxic protein unfolding activity of Hsp104 to the disaggregation process, providing the yeast protein-recovery system with substrate specificity and efficiency in ATP consumption.
A bend, flip and trap mechanism for transposon integration
Authors: Morris Elizabeth R , Grey Heather , McKenzie Grant , Jones Anita C , Richardson Julia M
Published: May 2016

Cut-and-paste DNA transposons of the mariner/Tc1 family are useful tools for genome engineering and are inserted specifically at TA target sites. A crystal structure of the mariner transposase Mos1 (derived from Drosophila mauritiana), in complex with transposon ends covalently joined to target DNA, portrays the transposition machinery after DNA integration. It reveals severe distortion of target DNA and flipping of the target adenines into extra-helical positions. Fluorescence experiments confirm dynamic base flipping in solution. Transposase residues W159, R186, F187 and K190 stabilise the target DNA distortions and are required for efficient transposon integration and transposition in vitro. Transposase recognises the flipped target adenines via base-specific interactions with backbone atoms, offering a molecular basis for TA target sequence selection. Our results will provide a template for re-designing mariner/Tc1 transposases with modified target specificities.
Does the brain listen to the gut?
Authors: Kuntz Thomas , Gilbert Jack
Published: May 2016

Transplanting gut bacteria from one mouse strain to another can override genetics and change behavior.
High-performance self-aligned graphene transistors fabricated using contamination- and defect-free process
Authors: Park Goon-Ho , Kim Kwan-Soo , Fukidome Hirokazu , Suemitsu Tetsuya , Otsuji Taiichi , Cho Won-Ju , Suemitsu Maki
Published: May 2016

A contamination- and defect-free process is proposed for self-aligned graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) fabrication using a protective gold layer and by its etching. The gold layer serves as an electrode metal for both the source and drain. GFETs fabricated by this method exhibit superior electrical characteristics, such as an intrinsic carrier mobility of 8900 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a series resistance of 1520 Ω µm, which is ascribed to the effective blocking of unwanted contamination and defect formation as well as to the reduction in access length due to the self-aligned configuration. Our approach is quite promising as a device fabrication method for high-performance GFETs.
Fabrication of free-standing subwavelength metal–insulator–metal gratings using high-aspect-ratio nanoimprint techniques
Authors: Honma Hiroaki , Mitsudome Masato , Itoh Shintaro , Ishida Makoto , Sawada Kazuaki , Takahashi Kazuhiro
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we report on the construction of a free-standing metal–insulator–metal (MIM) subwavelength grating by nanoimprint and lift-off techniques, which can be used as a plasmonic color filter for imaging a multicolor spectrum. The free-standing subwavelength grating was designed to be composed of Al (50 nm)–SiO2 (150 nm)–Al (50 nm) layers, and the thickness of the SiO2 layer determined the wavelength selectivity for the color filter. The residual-free nanoimprint with an aspect ratio of

was applied in the lift-off process to the formation of MIM gratings. We successfully developed subwavelength MIM gratings with heights of more than 200 nm. We also demonstrated the fabrication of a free-standing MIM grating without lateral stiction, which was expected to improve the wavelength selectivity of a free-standing plasmonic color filter.
Sheet shape-controlling method for hundreds-of-nanometer-thick polymer film using soluble polymer layer
Authors: Shimbo Sota , Fujie Toshinori , Iwase Eiji
Published: May 2016

We proposed a sheet shape-controlling method for a hundreds-of-nanometers-thick polymeric ultrathin film (referred to as a “nanosheet”) for folding the film into a cylindrical shape and unfolding the film into a flat shape. To control the shape of the nanosheet, we used a triple-layered structure, which included a nanosheet and additional two layers of a water-soluble polymer. The additional two layers are thicker than the nanosheet, and one of the two layers was loaded to prestretch that layer. Therefore, the triple-layered structure was folded into a cylindrical shape owing to strain mismatch between the two layers and unfolded into a flat shape after the dissolution of the two layers. In this study, we could successfully estimate the radius of curvature of the triple-layered structure by considering the strain mismatch between the two layers. In addition, we confirmed that the triple-layered structure unfolded into a flat shape by the dissolution of the two layers.
Forest birds respond to the spatial pattern of exurban development in the Mid-Atlantic region, USA
Authors: Suarez-Rubio Marcela , Lookingbill Todd R.
Published: May 2016

Housing development beyond the urban fringe (i.e., exurban development) is one of the fastest growing forms of land-use change in the United States. Exurban development’s attraction to natural and recreational amenities has raised concerns for conservation and represents a potential threat to wildlife. Although forest-dependent species have been found particularly sensitive to low housing densities, it is unclear how the spatial distribution of houses affects forest birds. The aim of this study was to assess forest bird responses to changes in the spatial pattern of exurban development and also to examine species responses when forest loss and forest fragmentation were considered. We evaluated landscape composition around North American Breeding Bird Survey stops between 1986 and 2009 by developing a compactness index to assess changes in the spatial pattern of exurban development over time. Compactness was defined as a measure of how clustered exurban development was in the area surrounding each survey stop at each time period considered. We used Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis to detect the response of forest and forest-edge species in terms of occurrence and relative abundance along the compactness gradient at two spatial scales (400-m and 1-km radius buffer). Our results showed that most forest birds and some forest-edge species were positively associated with high levels of compactness at the larger spatial scale; the proportion of forest in the surrounding landscape also had a significant effect when forest loss and forest fragmentation were accounted for. In contrast, the spatial configuration of exurban development was an important predictor of occurrence and abundance for only a few species at the smaller spatial scale. The positive response of forest birds to compactness at the larger scale could represent a systematic trajectory of decline and could be highly detrimental to bird diversity if exurban growth continues and creates more compacted development.
Kinetic evidence of magnetic reconnection due to Kelvin‐Helmholtz waves
Authors: Li W. , André M. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Vaivads A. , Graham D. B. , Toledo‐Redondo S. , Norgren C. , Henri P. , Wang C. , Tang B. B. , Lavraud B. , Vernisse Y. , Turner D. L. , Burch J. , Torbert R. , Magnes W. , Russell C. T. , Blake J. B. , Mauk B. , Giles B. , Pollock C. , Fennell J. , Jaynes A. , Avanov L. A. , Dorelli J. C. , Gershman D. J. , Paterson W. R. , Saito Y. , Strangeway R. J.
Published: May 2016

The Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) instability at the Earth's magnetopause is predominantly excited during northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Magnetic reconnection due to KH waves has been suggested as one of the mechanisms to transfer solar wind plasma into the magnetosphere. We investigate KH waves observed at the magnetopause by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission; in particular, we study the trailing edges of KH waves with Alfvénic ion jets. We observe gradual mixing of magnetospheric and magnetosheath ions at the boundary layer. The magnetospheric electrons with energy up to 80 keV are observed on the magnetosheath side of the jets, which indicates that they escape into the magnetosheath through reconnected magnetic field lines. At the same time, the low‐energy (below 100 eV) magnetosheath electrons enter the magnetosphere and are heated in the field‐aligned direction at the high‐density edge of the jets. Our observations provide unambiguous kinetic evidence for ongoing reconnection due to KH waves.
Full Color Light Responsive Diarylethene Inks for Reusable Paper
Authors: Jeong Woomin , Khazi Mohammed Iqbal , Park Dong‐Hoon , Jung Young‐Sik , Kim Jong‐Man
Published: May 2016

“Digitalization” represents one approach to shift society's dependence on paper‐based communication. However, thus far, this tactic has not had a significant impact on global paper consumption, which has risen over the past few decades. The escalating demand of paper making and consumption has resulted in an intensified negative effect on the environment. Because of this, the development of rewritable paper or erasable ink appears to be an ideal approach to alleviate the increasing demand for paper. In the investigation described herein, novel light‐stimulated (UV–vis), reversible color switching, photochromic diarylethene (DE) derivatives are designed, which serve as cyan, magenta, and yellow colored ink materials for full color ink‐jet printing. The structures of the DE derivatives are unique in that they contain hydrophilic ethylene glycol chains that enable them to be compatible with aqueous based, ink‐jet printing systems. The results of these studies demonstrate that the new DE derivatives can be used in a printing system based on the “write–erase–write” concept that utilizes the same paper multiple times. The approach appears to be ideal for reducing the negative environmental consequences of paper production and consumption.
Inkjet Printing of a Highly Loaded Palladium Ink for Integrated, Low‐Cost pH Sensors
Authors: Qin Yiheng , Alam Arif U. , Howlader Matiar M. R. , Hu Nan‐Xing , Deen M. Jamal
Published: May 2016

An inkjet printing process for depositing palladium (Pd) thin films from a highly loaded ink (>14 wt%) is reported. The viscosity and surface tension of a Pd‐organic precursor solution is adjusted using toluene to form a printable and stable ink. A two‐step thermolysis process is developed to convert the printed ink to continuous and uniform Pd films with good adhesion to different substrates. Using only one printing pass, a low electrical resistivity of 2.6 μΩ m of the Pd film is obtained. To demonstrate the electrochemical pH sensing application, the surfaces of the printed Pd films are oxidized for ion‐to‐electron transduction and the underlying layer is left for electron conduction. Then, solid‐state reference electrodes are integrated beside the bifunctional Pd electrodes by inkjet printing. These potentiometric sensors have sensitivities of 60.6 ± 0.1 and 57 ± 0.6 mV pH−1 on glass and polyimide substrates, and short response times of 11 and 6 s, respectively. Also, accurate pH values of real water samples are obtained by using the printed sensors with a low‐cost multimeter. These results indicate that the facile and cost‐effective inkjet printing and integration techniques may be applied in fabricating future electrochemical monitoring systems for environmental parameters and human health conditions.
Metal‐Free Sensitizers Containing Hydantoin Acceptor as High Performance Anchoring Group for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Fu‐Ling , Li Zhao‐Qian , Liu Xue‐Peng , Zhou Li , Kong Fan‐Tai , Chen Wang‐Chao , Dai Song‐Yuan
Published: May 2016

The anchoring group in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) profoundly affects the electron injection and durability on TiO2 films interface. Here, the hydantoin acceptor is introduced as anchoring group for DSSCs. The hydantoin based sensitizer achieves a photovoltaic efficiency of 7.66%, compared to 4.90% for sensitizer containing the conventional cyanoacrylic acid as anchoring group. Remarkably, the hydantoin anchoring group significantly enhances the electron‐injection efficiency (Φinj) and photocurrent (Jsc). The time dependent adsorption and desorption data indicate the strong binding strength and the superiority of stability for hydantoin based sensitizers. The Fourier transform infrared measurements investigate the adsorption mechanism of hydantoin on TiO2 interface. These results strongly corroborate the advantages of incorporating hydantoin as acceptor and anchoring group. As a consequence, the sensitizer HY‐4 with hydantoin approaches the photovoltaic efficiency of 8.32% under 0.1 sunlight illumination. These observations offer a new route to design and develop efficient sensitizers for DSSCs.
Flat Helical Nanosieves
Authors: Mei Shengtao , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Hussain Sajid , Huang Kun , Ling Xiaohui , Siew Shawn Yohanes , Liu Hong , Teng Jinghua , Danner Aaron , Qiu Cheng‐Wei
Published: May 2016

Compact and miniaturized devices with flexible functionalities are always highly demanded in optical integrated systems. Plasmonic nanosieve has been successfully harnessed as an ultrathin flat platform for complex manipulation of light, including holography, vortex generation, and nonlinear processes. Compared with most of the reported single‐functional devices, multifunctional nanosieves might find more complex and novel applications across nanophotonics, optics, and nanotechnology. Here, a promising roadmap for nanosieve‐based helical devices is experimentally demonstrated, which achieves full manipulations of optical vortices, including its generation, hybridization, spatial multiplexing, focusing and nondiffraction propagation, etc., by controlling the geometric phase of spin light via over 121 thousands of spatially rotated nanosieves. Thanks to such spin‐conversion nanosieve helical elements, it is no longer necessary to employ the conventional two‐beam interferometric measurement to characterize optical vortices, while the interference can be realized natively without changing any parts of the current setup. The proposed strategy makes the far‐field manipulations of optical orbital angular momentum within an ultrathin interface viable and bridges singular optics and integrated optics. In addition, it enables more unique extensibility and flexibility in versatile optical elements than traditional phase‐accumulated helical optical devices.
Harnessing the Versatility of Bacterial Collagen to Improve the Chondrogenic Potential of Porous Collagen Scaffolds
Authors: Parmar Paresh A. , St‐Pierre Jean‐Philippe , Chow Lesley W. , Puetzer Jennifer L. , Stoichevska Violet , Peng Yong Y. , Werkmeister Jerome A. , Ramshaw John A. M. , Stevens Molly M.
Published: May 2016

Collagen I foams are used in the clinic as scaffolds to promote articular cartilage repair as they provide a bioactive environment for cells with chondrogenic potential. However, collagen I as a base material does not allow for precise control over bioactivity. Alternatively, recombinant bacterial collagens can be used as “blank slate” collagen molecules to offer a versatile platform for incorporation of selected bioactive sequences and fabrication into 3D scaffolds. Here, we show the potential of Streptococcal collagen‐like 2 (Scl2) protein foams modified with peptides designed to specifically and noncovalently bind hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate to improve chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) compared to collagen I foams. Specific compositions of functionalized Scl2 foams lead to improved chondrogenesis compared to both nonfunctionalized Scl2 and collagen I foams, as indicated by gene expression, extracellular matrix accumulation, and compression moduli. hMSCs cultured in functionalized Scl2 foams exhibit decreased collagens I and X gene and protein expression, suggesting an advantage over collagen I foams in promoting a chondrocytic phenotype. These highly modular foams can be further modified to improve specific aspects chondrogenesis. As such, these scaffolds also have the potential to be tailored for other regenerative medicine applications.
Efficient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Sulfamides via a Lossen‐Like Rearrangement
Authors: Pantaine Loïc , Richard François , Marrot Jérôme , Moreau Xavier , Coeffard Vincent , Greck Christine
Published: May 2016

A convenient one‐pot synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfamides via a Lossen‐like rearrangement is reported. The protocol operates under simple conditions at room temperature and does not require an inert atmosphere and a dry solvent. The ability of N‐hydroxy arenesulfonamide O‐derivatives to generate under mild conditions N‐sulfonylimine intermediates was a trigger point for developing a general synthetic strategy towards unsymmetrical sulfamides. The synthetic potential of the methodology has been investigated by preparing cyclic sulfamides and new potential chiral organocatalysts.

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Dearomatization of Indole Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Bond Functionalization of Pyrroles: Convenient Construction of Spiroindolenines
Authors: Lei Xiantao , Xie Hong‐Yan , Xu Chang , Liu Xiaoyu , Wen Xiaoan , Sun Hongbin , Xu Qing‐Long
Published: May 2016

An intramolecular palladium(II)‐catalyzed dearomative arylation reaction of indoles via CH bond functionalization was developed, providing access to structurally novel spiroindolenines with moderate to good yields. A one‐pot process for the synthesis of spiroindoline derivatives was also realized.

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Association between summer temperature and body weight in Japanese adolescents and children: An ecological analysis
Authors: Yokoya Masana , Higuchi Yukito
Published: May 2016

Objective

Several experimental studies reported evidence of a negative energy balance at higher temperatures. However, corresponding weight loss has not been noted in clinical practice. This study investigated the geographical association between outdoor temperature and body weight in Japanese adolescents and children.

Methods

An ecological analysis was conducted using prefecture‐level data on the mean body weight of Japanese adolescents and children over a 25‐year period and Japanese mesh (regional) climatic data on the mean annual temperature, mean daily maximum temperature in August, and mean daily minimum temperature in January were also analyzed.

Results

Correlation analysis uncovered a stronger association between weight and the mean daily maximum temperature in August than with other climatic variables. Moreover, multiple regression analysis indicated that height and the mean daily maximum temperature in August were statistically significant predictors of weight. This suggests that geographical differences in weight in Japanese adolescents and children can be explained by the complementary relationship between height‐associated weight gain and weight loss caused by summer heat.

Conclusions

Summer temperatures may reduce the proportion of children who are overweight and contribute to geographical differences in body weight in Japanese adolescents and children. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:789–795, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.