bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural stability and polarization analysis of rhombohedral phases of HfO2
Authors: Ouyang Wenbin , Jia Fanhao , Liu Chang , Cheng Xuli , Meng Yaping , Gao Ruiling , Picozzi Silvia , Ren Wei
Published: November 2023

Since the experimental observation of a rhombohedral phase of hafnium oxide, there remains controversy over whether this phase belongs to the R3 or R3m space group. Moreover, the origin of polarization in these two rhombohedral phases has not been comparatively elucidated. Here, we present a theoretical study comparing the relative stability and ferroelectricity of the R3 and R3m phases of HfO2, representing two potential forms of heavily Zr-doped ferroelectric thin films of hafnia found recently. We comprehensively investigate their structural stability and polarization response under in-plane compressive strain. A phase transition from R3 to R3m is discovered under biaxial compressive strain. The direction and magnitude of polarization in both phases can be tuned by strain. Through symmetry mode analysis, we elucidate the improper nature of ferroelectricity. These findings may advance understanding of ferroelectricity in hafnia thin films.
Highly efficient removal of bubbles from water pipes by femtosecond laser-designed superhydrophobic porous microstructures
Authors: Yao Yansheng , Meng Qiangsong , Peng Yubin , Cheng Zilong , Li Xinlei , Xu Tianyu , Yong Jiale
Published: November 2023

Here, we propose a strategy that combines a superhydrophobic surface microstructure with perforated microholes prepared by femtosecond laser processing to efficiently remove bubbles in water pipes. Driven by Laplace pressure and underwater pressure, the bubbles in water are easily absorbed by the superhydrophobic porous thin tube and then discharged into the external air environment. The gas discharge rate of the superhydrophobic porous film is approximately seven times that of the ordinary porous film. Inserting a superhydrophobic porous thin tube in the infusion tube allows entire bubbles to be completely discharged out of the infusion tube. The method of removing bubbles in water based on superhydrophobic porous tubes will have important applications in microfluidic, biomedical, and chemical manufacturing and can effectively avoid the harm caused by tiny bubbles.
Flow enhancement from wall pressure observations: A compressible continuous adjoint data assimilation model
Authors: Li Sen , He Chuangxin , Wang Weizhe , Liu Yingzheng
Published: November 2023

This study establishes a compressible continuous adjoint data assimilation (C2ADA) approach for reproducing a complete mean flow from sparse wall pressure observations. The model-form error induced by the Boussinesq approximation is corrected by the addition of a spatially varying additive forcing term. The linear part of the eddy viscosity, computed using the conventional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model, is incorporated for ensuring the well-posedness of the optimization. The model is derived theoretically to minimize discrepancies between the wall pressure measurements and the numerical predictions of the primary-adjoint system, thereby enabling determination of the optimal contribution of the Reynolds force vector. The effects of divergence schemes and turbulence models are investigated by examining flow over a 30P30N airfoil. The C2ADA model, employing two distinct schemes, demonstrates significant improvements in velocity estimation, but the first-order scheme introduces excessive dissipation, resulting in an under-prediction of spanwise vorticity. The C2ADA model combined with different eddy-viscosity models uniquely recovers the Reynolds force vectors and obtains mean fields that outperform those achieved solely through conventional eddy viscosity models. The practicability of the C2ADA model for capturing complex flow phenomena is confirmed by applying it to study three-dimensional flow over a 65° delta wing. Despite limited wall pressure observations, the C2ADA model has shown a notable improvement in accurately estimating the intensity and location of both the primary and secondary vortices. Recovery errors in the apex region are significantly diminished by incorporating a paucity of observations account for the effect of inboard vortex. The study broadens the applicability of continuous adjoint-based approaches for modeling compressible flow, as our C2ADA approach is easily implemented in existing computational fluid dynamics solvers and has significantly higher computational efficiency than other approaches.
Tutorial: Deep learning prediction of thermophysical properties for liquid multicomponent alloys
Authors: Xiao R. L. , Liu K. L. , Ruan Y. , Hu L. , Wei B.
Published: November 2023

The thermophysical properties of liquid metals and alloys are crucial to explore the intrinsic mechanisms of the solidification process, glass formation, and fluid dynamics. The deep learning approaches have emerged as powerful tools in numerous scientific fields and exhibit extraordinary accuracy in the estimation of physical properties and structural characteristics for various materials. In this Tutorial, focusing on the thermophysical properties of liquid multicomponent alloys, deep learning methods, including both supervised learning and active learning, are introduced. Combined with the verification from electrostatic and electromagnetic levitation experiments, the influences of training parameters and methods on the accuracy to obtain interatomic potential by deep learning are revealed on the basis of deep neural network algorithm. As a result, this prediction method of liquid state properties for multicomponent alloys exhibited the dual advantages of high accuracy derived from density functional theory and low computational cost associated with empirical potential.
Quasi-atomic orbital analysis of halogen bonding interactions
Authors: Guidez Emilie B.
Published: November 2023

A quasi-atomic orbital analysis of the halogen bonded NH3⋯XF complexes (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) is performed to gain insight into the electronic properties associated with these σ-hole interactions. It is shown that significant sharing of electrons between the nitrogen lone pair of the ammonia molecule and the XF molecule occurs, resulting in a weakening of the X–F bond. In addition, the N–X bond shows increasing covalent character as the size of the halogen atom X increases. While the Mulliken outer complex NH3⋯XF appears to be overall the main species, the strength of the covalent interaction of the N–X bond becomes increasingly similar to that of the N–X bond in the [NH3X]+ cation as the size of X increases.
Chlorophyll and pheophytin protonated and deprotonated ions: Observation and theory
Authors: Diop M. , El-Hayek M. , Attard J. , Muhieddine A. , Veremeienko V. , Soorkia S. , Carbonnière Ph. , de la Lande A. , Soep B. , Shafizadeh N.
Published: November 2023

Pheophytin a and chlorophyll a have been investigated by electrospray mass spectrometry in the positive and negative modes, in view of the importance of the knowledge of their properties in photosynthesis. Pheophytin and chlorophyll are both observed intensely in the protonated mode, and their main fragmentation route is the loss of their phytyl chain. Pheophytin is observed intact in the negative mode, while under collisions, it is primarily cleaved beyond the phytyl chain and loses the attaching propionate group. Chlorophyll is not detected in normal conditions in the negative mode, but addition of methanol solvent molecule is detected. Fragmentation of this adduct primarily forms a product (−30 amu) that dissociates into dephytyllated deprotonated chlorophyll. Semi-empirical molecular dynamics calculations show that the phytyl chain is unfolded from the chlorin cycle in pheophytin a and folded in chlorophyll a. Density functional theory calculations have been conducted to locate the charges on protonated and deprotonated pheophytin a and chlorophyll a and have found the major location sites that are notably more stable in energy by more than 0.5 eV than the others. The deprotonation site is found identical for pheophytin a and the chlorophyll a-methanol adduct. This is in line with experiment and calculation locating the addition of methanol on a double bond of deprotonated chlorophyll a.
Electrical properties of silicon-implanted β-Ga2O3:Fe crystals
Authors: Nikolskaya Alena , Revin Alexander , Korolev Dmitry , Mikhaylov Alexey , Trushin Vladimir , Kudrin Alexey , Zdoroveyshchev Anton , Zdoroveyshchev Daniil , Yunin Pavel , Drozdov Mikhail , Konakov Anton , Tetelbaum David
Published: November 2023

Ion implantation is a promising method for the development of β-Ga2O3-based technologies and devices. However, the physical principles of ion implantation for this particular semiconductor are still at the early stage of development. One of the primary tasks is the study of electrical properties of the ion-doped layers. In this work, we have investigated the electrical parameters of layers produced by ion implantation of a shallow donor impurity—silicon—into a semi-insulating β-Ga2O3 doped with iron and having a surface orientation of (−201). It is established that the activation efficiency of the implanted impurity significantly exceeds unity after post-implantation annealing at high temperatures. This indicates that not only silicon itself contributes to conductivity, but also defects formed with its (and, probably, iron) participation are involved. The temperature dependence of electron mobility is consistent with the theoretically calculated one under the assumption that, apart from shallow donors, there are also deep defect-associated donors and acceptors. It is assumed that the established properties are specific for the case of direct Si implantation into β-Ga2O3 doped with Fe.
Enhancement of terahertz response in a microstructure-integrated-type-II Dirac semimetal
Authors: Lv Xuyang , Zhang Kaixuan , Jiang Mengjie , Zhang Shi , Zhang Libo , Han Li , Xing Huaizhong , Wang Dong , Lan Shiqi , Wang Lin , Tian Shijian , Chen Xiaoshuang
Published: November 2023

Terahertz detection technology has been confronted with formidable impediments, notably the paucity of sensitivity and operating temperature for photodetectors based on traditional bulk materials. In an attempt to surmount the difficulties, we propose an innovative terahertz detector based on a PtSe2 (type-II Dirac semimetallic material) integrated asymmetric antenna structure that can enhance the terahertz photoresponse by capitalizing on meticulous fabrication procedures. Experimental outcomes demonstrate the remarkable characteristics of the photodetector in the terahertz band, encompassing fast response time (7 µs), large responsivity (3.267 A/W), and low noise equivalent power (3.96 pW/Hz0.5). These accomplishments can be ascribed to the incorporation of the asymmetric metal contact of the four-leaf clover antenna structure and the excellent thermoelectric characteristics of PtSe2. This pioneering investigation consequently unveils a novel methodology for the creation of proficient PtSe2-based terahertz detectors and serves as a catalyst for the promotion of applications and further research within the terahertz sphere.
Synthesis of 4-in. multilayer molybdenum disulfide via space-confinement thermolysis
Authors: Li Bo , Ye Tian , Yan Han , Zhu Yunting , Bao Lingjie , Li Mingpo , Cheng Qijin , Zhuang Pingping , Lin Weiyi , Yu Daquan
Published: November 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) exhibit superior performance at nanometer-scale thickness compared to silicon. Notably, multilayers are more resistant to breakage during transfer and boast enhanced electrical properties over monolayers. In this study, we synthesized 4-in. multilayer MoS2 using a rapid thermal processing system through the ammonium tetrathiomolybdate precursor thermolysis. A 200 nm-scale space confinement on the sample surface was used to reduce sulfur loss during annealing and to facilitate vacancy healing by self-feeding sulfur atoms. Various characterizations confirmed good crystallinity, surface flatness, and continuity, including Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Moreover, these samples showed a significant enhancement in electron mobility. Our approach benefits efficiency, scalability, and procedural simplicity, paving a promising path toward large-scale production of multilayer 2D semiconductors.
Air surface crystallization with quenched-in Fe crystallites and associated magnetomechanical properties in Fe–Si–B amorphous ribbons
Authors: Sun Yu , Zhang Xu , Nan Tianxiang , Zhuang Xin , Fang Guangyou
Published: November 2023

The effect of surface crystallization on the magnetomechanical properties is studied for amorphous ribbons with a nominal composition of Fe80Si9B11 that are prepared with the single roller melt-spinning method. Our results indicate that the magnetomechanical power efficiency of surface crystallization ribbons is twice as higher as that of its amorphous counterpart. The surface configuration for such ribbons has been investigated through a prism of microstructures and chemical compounds. The surface crystallization with quenched-in α-Fe(Si) crystallites is confirmed by means of x-ray diffraction measurements and the surface polishing process, inducing irregular in-plane domain patterns, which are observed by magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy. The vibrational absorption peak for polymerized B–O bonds is observed by means of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, being ascribed to the presence of pre-precipitated boron atoms from the crystalline film, which is confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanism that enhances the magnetomechanical power conversion efficiency in FeSiB ribbons with quenched-in crystallites is quite different from the ones with annealing induced “surface-interior” configurations in the previous investigations.
An insight into the vortex-induced vibration of a near-wall flexible pipe in the presence of wall impact
Authors: Zhu Hongjun , Tang Tang , Zhao Honglei , Gao Yue , Zhang Xu
Published: November 2023

The vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and wall impact of a near-wall flexible pipe arranged perpendicular to the incoming flow are experimentally investigated in a water flume with an initial gap-to-diameter ratio G/D ranging from 0.2 to 1.5. The neutrally buoyant submerged flexible pipe with fixed-end supports possesses a length-to-diameter ratio of 75. The non-intrusive measurement with high-speed cameras was employed to simultaneously capture the space–time varying vibration displacements as well as the wall impact process in the reduced velocity range of 4.76–17.55 with the maximum Reynolds number of about 2900. The experimental results highlight the effect of gap ratio on the VIV and wall impact. The highest excited mode decreases with the reduction of G/D, accompanied by the prolongation of the lower branch of the fundamental modal vibration. Meanwhile, the flexible pipe possessing the same in-line and cross-flow dominant frequency is elongated, indicating the enhanced coupling between the in-line and cross-flow responses. Four pipe-wall impact patterns are identified, including the first-mode dominant response with single segment impact, transition I, transition II and the second-mode dominant response with two segments alternating impact, depending on the dominant response mode and the spatial-temporal evolution of contacting pipe segment. The time-varying contacting length and the spatial transfer of contacting segment are two main features of wall impact. As the dominant mode transfers from the fundamental to the second, the impact frequency increases from the same as the dominant frequency to double of the latter, which is associated with the modal weights.
Convolutional neural networks for compressible turbulent flow reconstruction
Authors: Sofos Filippos , Drikakis Dimitris , Kokkinakis Ioannis William , Spottswood S. Michael
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates deep learning methods in the framework of convolutional neural networks for reconstructing compressible turbulent flow fields. The aim is to develop methods capable of up-scaling coarse turbulent data into fine-resolution images. The method is based on a parallel computational framework that accepts five image sets of various resolutions, trained to correspond to the respective fine resolution. The network architecture mainly consists of convolutional layers, constructing an encoder/decoder network. Based on the U-Net scheme, three different implementations are presented, with residual and skip connections. The methods are implemented in a supersonic shock-boundary-layer interaction problem. The results suggest that simple networks perform better when trained on limited data, and this can be a practical and fast solution when dealing with turbulent flow data, where the computational burden is most of the time difficult to decrease. In such a way, a coarse simulation grid can be upscaled to a fine grid.
Indoor water splitting for hydrogen production through electrocatalysis using composite metal oxide catalysts
Authors: Kashif Fasiha , Naz Muhammad Yasin , Kashif Zunaira , Shukrullah Shazia , Irfan Muhammad , Faraj Mursal Salim Nasar , Rahman Saifur , Magzoub Mohamed Ali Muawia Abdelkafi
Published: November 2023

This study explores an optimistic approach for large-scale hydrogen production by employing electrocatalysts based on nickel, cobalt, iron, and aluminum oxides as alternatives to costlier metals. This approach offers a cost-effective solution to electrolysis in water media for hydrogen production. This investigation is focused on the electrolysis process, engaging NiO–Al2O3–CoO–Fe2O3 in 1M solution of NaOH and KOH. The environmental and economic analyses are conducted to evaluate the overall effect and cost-effectiveness of the electrolysis process. These findings provide valuable insights into the performance, feasibility, and challenges of using oxides of aluminum, nickel, iron, and cobalt in electrolysis for hydrogen production. The structural and morphological analyses of metal oxides are conducted using XRD and SEM tools, which showed reduced crystallinity and open pore structure of the samples. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) revealed a higher electrocatalytic activity, a larger electrochemical active surface area, a higher current density, and a high density of active sites of NiO–Al2O3–CoO–Fe2O3 composite. Electrode 1 of the composite catalyst produced 500 ml of hydrogen after 30 min of the process, while electrodes 2 and 3 produced 263 and 249 ml of hydrogen, respectively. This study also elucidated the electrocatalytic mechanism involved in water splitting using these composite materials.
Efficiency and energy balance for substitution of CH4 in clathrate hydrates with CO2 under multiple-phase coexisting conditions
Authors: Tanaka Hideki , Matsumoto Masakazu , Yagasaki Takuma
Published: November 2023

Many experimental and theoretical studies on CH4–CO2 hydrates have been performed aiming at the extraction of CH4 as a relatively clean energy resource and concurrent sequestration of CO2. However, vague or insufficient characterization of the environmental conditions prevents us from a comprehensive understanding of even equilibrium properties of CH4–CO2 hydrates for this substitution. We propose possible reaction schemes for the substitution, paying special attention to the coexisting phases, the aqueous and/or the fluid, where CO2 is supplied from and CH4 is transferred to. We address the two schemes for the substitution operating in three-phase and two-phase coexistence. Advantages and efficiencies of extracting CH4 in the individual scheme are estimated from the chemical potentials of all the components in all the phases involved in the substitution on the basis of a statistical mechanical theory developed recently. It is found that although substitution is feasible in the three-phase coexistence, its working window in temperature–pressure space is much narrower compared to the two-phase coexistence condition. Despite that the substitution normally generates only a small amount of heat, a large endothermic substitution is suggested in the medium pressure range, caused by the vaporization of liquid CO2 due to mixing with a small amount of the released CH4. This study provides the first theoretical framework toward the practical use of hydrates replacing CH4 with CO2 and serves as a basis for quantitative planning.
Unrestrained cleavage of Roquin-1 by MALT1 induces spontaneous T cell activation and the development of autoimmunity
Authors: Schmidt Henrik , Raj Timsse , O'Neill Thomas J. , Muschaweckh Andreas , Giesert Florian , Negraschus Arlinda , Hoefig Kai P. , Behrens Gesine , Esser Lena , Baumann Christina , Feederle Regina , Plaza-Sirvent Carlos , Geerlof Arie , Gewies Andreas , Isay Sophie E. , Ruland Jürgen , Schmitz Ingo , Wurst Wolfgang , Korn Thomas , Krappmann Daniel , Heissmeyer Vigo
Published: November 2023

Constitutive activation of the MALT1 paracaspase in conventional T cells of
Malt1
TBM/TBM
(TRAF6 Binding Mutant = TBM) mice causes fatal inflammation and autoimmunity, but the involved targets and underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. We genetically rendered a single MALT1 substrate, the RNA-binding protein (RBP) Roquin-1, insensitive to MALT1 cleavage. These
Rc3h1
Mins/Mins
mice showed normal immune homeostasis. Combining
Rc3h1
Mins/Mins
alleles with those encoding for constitutively active MALT1 (TBM) prevented spontaneous T cell activation and restored viability of
Malt1
TBM/TBM
mice. Mechanistically, we show how antigen/MHC recognition is translated by MALT1 into Roquin cleavage and derepression of Roquin targets. Increasing T cell receptor (TCR) signals inactivated Roquin more effectively, and only high TCR strength enabled derepression of high-affinity targets to promote Th17 differentiation. Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) revealed increased cleavage of Roquin-1 in disease-associated Th17 compared to Th1 cells in the CNS. T cells from
Rc3h1
Mins/Mins
mice did not efficiently induce the high-affinity Roquin-1 target IκB
NS
in response to TCR stimulation, showed reduced Th17 differentiation, and
Rc3h1
Mins/Mins
mice were protected from EAE. These data demonstrate how TCR signaling and MALT1 activation utilize graded cleavage of Roquin to differentially regulate target mRNAs that control T cell activation and differentiation as well as the development of autoimmunity.
A novel mechanism of herbicide action through disruption of pyrimidine biosynthesis
Authors: Kang IL-Ho , Emptage Ryan P. , Kim Sang-Ic , Gutteridge Steven
Published: November 2023

A lead aryl pyrrolidinone anilide identified using high-throughput in vivo screening was optimized for efficacy, crop safety, and weed spectrum, resulting in tetflupyrolimet. Known modes of action were ruled out through in vitro enzyme and in vivo plant-based assays. Genomic sequencing of aryl pyrrolidinone anilide-resistant
Arabidopsis thaliana
progeny combined with nutrient reversal experiments and metabolomic analyses confirmed that the molecular target of the chemistry was dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the enzyme that catalyzes the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. In vitro enzymatic and biophysical assays and a cocrystal structure with purified recombinant plant DHODH further confirmed this enzyme as the target site of this class of chemistry. Like known inhibitors of other DHODH orthologs, these molecules occupy the membrane-adjacent binding site of the electron acceptor ubiquinone. Identification of a new herbicidal chemical scaffold paired with a novel mode of action, the first such finding in over three decades, represents an important leap in combatting weed resistance and feeding a growing worldwide population.
Muon accelerators—muon lifetime measurements as window to Planck scale physics
Authors: Lobo Iarley P , Pfeifer Christian
Published: November 2023

A prominent effective description of particles interacting with the quantum properties of gravity is through modifications of the general relativistic dispersion relation. Such modified dispersion relations lead to modifications in the relativistic time dilation. A perfect probe for this effect, which goes with the particle energy cubed E
3 over the quantum gravity scale E
QG and the square of the particle mass M
2 would be a very light unstable particle for which one can detect the lifetime in the laboratory (lab) as a function of its energy measured in the lab to very high precision. In this article we conjecture that a muon collider or accelerator would be a perfect tool to investigate the existence of an anomalous time dilation, and with it the fundamental structure of spacetime at the Planck scale.
Boosting field electron emission of carbon nanotubes through small-hole-patterning design of the substrate
Authors: Chen Jiangtao , Chang Xinyao , Ma Guobin , Zhu Yirun , Yang Bingjun , Zhao Yun , Chen Jianbiao , Li Yan
Published: November 2023

High field emission of carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathodes is realized by printing modified CNT paste on small-hole-patterned substrates. The field emission characteristics and stability of samples under DC continuous and pulse driving modes have been investigated. The results show that the maximum emission current of CNT emitters can be up to 45 mA at an electric field of 2100 V (7.0 V μm−1), corresponding to a high current density of 643 mA cm−2 under continuous mode. The cathodes also demonstrate stable electron emission without obvious attenuation. In pulse (10 μs and 200 Hz) mode, the peak current can reach 250 mA and the corresponding current density is 3.57 A cm−2 under an electric field of 14.0 V μm−1. The hole-patterned CNT cathode presents unique advantages in field emission current, stability and especially endurance of high electric field. This work makes it possible to fabricate highly efficient emission CNT cold electron sources, which have broad application prospects in vacuum electronic devices requiring both large current and high current density.
Probing the superconducting pairing of the La4Be33Pt16 alloy via muon-spin spectroscopy
Authors: Shang Tian , Svanidze Eteri , Shiroka Toni
Published: November 2023

We report a study of the superconducting pairing of the noncentrosymmetric La4Be33Pt16 alloy using muon-spin rotation and relaxation (µSR) technique. Below

T
c

=
2.4

 K, La4Be33Pt16 exhibits bulk superconductivity (SC), here characterized by heat-capacity and magnetic-susceptibility measurements. The temperature dependence of the superfluid density

ρ

s
c

(
T
)

, extracted from the transverse-field µSR measurements, reveals a nodeless SC in La4Be33Pt16. The best fit of

ρ

s
c

(
T
)

using an s-wave model yields a magnetic penetration depth

λ
0

=
542

 nm and a superconducting gap

Δ
0

=
0.37

 meV at zero Kelvin. The single-gapped superconducting state is further evidenced by the temperature-dependent electronic specific heat

C

e

(
T
)

/

T

and the linear field-dependent electronic specific-heat coefficient

γ

H

(
H
)

. The zero-field µSR spectra collected in the normal- and superconducting states of La4Be33Pt16 are almost identical, confirming the absence of an additional field-related relaxation and, thus, of spontaneous magnetic fields below Tc
. The nodeless SC combined with a preserved time-reversal symmetry in the superconducting state proves that the spin-singlet pairing is dominant in La4Be33Pt16. This material represents yet another example of a complex system showing only a conventional behavior, in spite of a noncentrosymmetric structure and a sizeable spin–orbit coupling.
Model-based deep CNN-regularized reconstruction for digital breast tomosynthesis with a task-based CNN image assessment approach
Authors: Gao Mingjie , Fessler Jeffrey A , Chan Heang-Ping
Published: November 2023

Objective. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a quasi-three-dimensional breast imaging modality that improves breast cancer screening and diagnosis because it reduces fibroglandular tissue overlap compared with 2D mammography. However, DBT suffers from noise and blur problems that can lower the detectability of subtle signs of cancers such as microcalcifications (MCs). Our goal is to improve the image quality of DBT in terms of image noise and MC conspicuity. Approach. We proposed a model-based deep convolutional neural network (deep CNN or DCNN) regularized reconstruction (MDR) for DBT. It combined a model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) method that models the detector blur and correlated noise of the DBT system and the learning-based DCNN denoiser using the regularization-by-denoising framework. To facilitate the task-based image quality assessment, we also proposed two DCNN tools for image evaluation: a noise estimator (CNN-NE) trained to estimate the root-mean-square (RMS) noise of the images, and an MC classifier (CNN-MC) as a DCNN model observer to evaluate the detectability of clustered MCs in human subject DBTs. Main results. We demonstrated the efficacies of CNN-NE and CNN-MC on a set of physical phantom DBTs. The MDR method achieved low RMS noise and the highest detection area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) rankings evaluated by CNN-NE and CNN-MC among the reconstruction methods studied on an independent test set of human subject DBTs. Significance. The CNN-NE and CNN-MC may serve as a cost-effective surrogate for human observers to provide task-specific metrics for image quality comparisons. The proposed reconstruction method shows the promise of combining physics-based MBIR and learning-based DCNNs for DBT image reconstruction, which may potentially lead to lower dose and higher sensitivity and specificity for MC detection in breast cancer screening and diagnosis.
Investigation of optical, dielectric properties and conduction mechanism of LiCo0.7Mn0.3O2
Authors: Moufida Krimi , Altarifi M Saleh M , Ben Rhaiem Abdallah
Published: November 2023

The development of a multifunctional material with variety in its properties is a powerful research project. The electrochemical properties of LiCo0.7Mn0.3O2 material have attracted our attention to search electrical characterization and the optical properties of this material. The synthesis of this compound is based on a solid state method. The x-ray powder diffraction analysis shows that the compound crystallizes in the hexagonal system with the R −3 m space group. Moreover, the homogenous distribution of grain is revealed by the EDX study, thus the grain size is about 2.5 μm calculated from the scanning electron microscopy data. The band gap energy was established and seems to be equal to 1.88 eV which confirms the semiconductor character of this compound. Impedance spectroscopy was performed in the temperature ranging from 363 K to 473 K and frequency varying between 0.1 to 106Hz. The Nyquist plots confirm the presence of grains and grain boundary contribution instead of electrode polarization. The obtained conductivity properties indicates the semiconductor behavior of our compound, also it confirms its reliability for electrochemical application. Ac conductivity has been adjusted using the Jonsher power law, which allows us to confirm that the dc conductivity is thermally activated with activation energy of 400 meV and 500 meV for 363–423 K, 423–473 K regions, respectively. Temperature dependence of the exponent s reveals that the conduction process is governed by the correlated barrier hopping model (CBH). Besides, the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) affirmed that LiCo0.7Mn0.3O2 is a good candidate for bolometric applications.
Lorentz-breaking Rarita-Schwinger model
Authors: Gomes M , Mariz T , Nascimento J R , Petrov A Yu
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we formulate the simplest Lorentz-breaking extension for the spin-3/2 field theory and couple it to the Abelian gauge field in a Lorentz violating (LV) manner. Next, we calculate the lower LV quantum corrections, that is, the Carroll-Field-Jackiw (CFJ) term, which, being superficially divergent, turns out to be finite but ambiguous, and also the higher-derivative CFJ term. Besides, we compute the aether term, being the lowest CPT-even LV term, involving the second order in the LV vector.
Experimentally corroborated model of pressure relaxation limit cycle oscillations in the vicinity of the transition to high confinement in tokamaks
Authors: Grover O. , Manz P. , Yashin A.Y. , Réfy D.I. , Seidl J. , Vianello N. , Birkenmeier G. , Solano E.R. , Sos M. , Bohm P. , Bilkova P. , Hron M. , Panek R. , Upgrade Team the ASDEX , Team the COMPASS , Team the Globus-M ,   JET Contributors
Published: November 2023

An analytical formula systematically predicts the observed frequency of pressure relaxation limit cycle oscillations in the vicinity of the transition to high confinement in four tokamaks (JET, ASDEX Upgrade, COMPASS, Globus-M). The experimental dataset spans the widest available range of frequencies, machine sizes and plasma ion species. The machine size dependence is explained by the connection length scale of plasma flows parallel to the magnetic field. The model also explains the observed up-down poloidal current asymmetry and the impact of the plasma ion species mass and charge.
Diversity of predators and population Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith by application botanical insecticide and intercropping cover crops
Authors: Sulastri E , Sjam S , Sulaeha
Published: November 2023

Fall armyworm or Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith is one of the invasive pest in maize cultivation. Fall armyworm attacks can cause a decrease in production yields or even a loss of yields at high levels of pest investment. To control S. frugiperda populations, farmers use chemical insecticides to reduce pest populations. In Integrated pest management, preventive action needs to be taken, for example, by managing agroecosystems to increase the diversity of beneficial arthropods and as a control action by using botanical insecticides from plant extract. Therefore, this study aims to find out the effectiveness of various cover crops and application botanical insecticide to increasing the diversity of predators and decreasing S. frugiperda population. The method used in this study was descriptive experimental with a randomized group design consisting of 4 treatments of intercrop, Arachis pintoi (AMB), Portulaca oleracea (PMB), Desmodium triflorum (DMB) and without intercrop as control (MB), all of which were sprayed with botanical insecticides with concentration 5%. As a comparison, observations will be made on the farmer treatment. Data analysis for used ANOVA and those that were significantly different were tested futher with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the diversity index of predators on AMB was significantly higher than other treatments, while the S. frugiperda population at 8 observations was found most in the MB and farmer treatments but had no significant difference with the other treatments. The attack intensity of S. frugiperda on cover crops and botanical insecticide treatment showed lower results and was significantly different compared to MB and farmer treatment. Our results also show the index value of arthropod diversity in the AMB treatment is higher than the other treatments. We can conclude that agroecosystem management with combination of intercropping cover crops and application botanical insecticide can increase the diversity of predators and decrease population and attack intensity of S. frugiperda in maize cultivation.
The effect of N, P and K organic substances enhancers on fruit waste liquid organic fertilizer on tomato plants
Authors: Walunguru L , Kaka Mone M M
Published: November 2023

The manufacturing of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) based on fruit waste can reduce the amount of waste. The research aims to determine that: 1) Tomato plants were affected by the application of some concentrations of fruit waste LOF that was not and given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K and 2) There was the best concentration of fruit waste LOF that was not and given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K on tomato plants. The research was designed in a group randomized design (GRD), with seven treatments tried, namely 0% (not given fruit waste LOF); concentrations of 30, 35, and 40% from fruit waste LOF that was not given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K; and concentration of 30, 35, and 40% from fruit waste LOF that was given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K. The observation parameters were plant height, plant stem diameter, amount of productive branches each pant, amount of tomatoes each plant, diameter of tomato fruit, and tomato fruit weight of each plant. The results of the research showed that 1) Fruit waste LOF that was given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K was a better effect than that was not given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K; and 2). Fruit waste LOF that was given organic substances enhancers N, P, and K at a concentration of 35% had the best effect on the average amount of tomatoes each plant (31.31) and tomato fruit weight each plant (2,535.25 g).
Effect of application liquid organic fertilizer Bio3 with some concentrations to carrot (Daucus carota L.) yield
Authors: Juwaningsih E H A , Pandjaitan C , Sudarma I K , Baok Y I S
Published: November 2023

Bio3 Liquid Organic Fertilizer is a liquid organic fertilizer made from fermented fruit waste with local activator JB3. This fertilizer was tested on carrot plants to determine the effect of giving several concentrations of POC Bio3 on carrot yields. The research was conducted in July-November 2022 in Tobu Village, South Central Timor District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This study used a single factor randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 9 concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) Bio3 (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 ml/L water) and 3 replications. The parameters studied were tuber diameter, tuber length, tuber wet weight per plot. The results obtained were that the application of Bio3 liquid organic fertilizer to carrot plants had a significant effect on tuber diameter (3.30 cm), tuber length (16.22 cm), tuber weight per plant (84.61 g) and tuber weight per plot (4,230 kg). Based on effectiveness, efficiency and results that are not significantly different, a concentration of 25 ml/L of liquid organic fertilizer Bio3 is the best concentration.
Morphological characters and yields of five Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) clones in Bali
Authors: Heryanto R , Hadipoentyanti E , Wahyuni S , Udarno L
Published: November 2023

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest vanilla production in the world. Vanilla has been cultivated in several regions of Indonesia, especially those that have at least three months of the dry season. One of the areas that have these criteria is Bali. This study aimed to determine five vanilla clones’ morphological characteristics and yield. The research was conducted in Jembrana district-Bali. A total of five vanilla clones were tested using a randomized block design with six replications. Vanilla clones were grown in a plot size of 13.25 x 8 m2 at 1.5 m x 1.25 m in a row. Morphological characters observed were leaves, fruits, roots, and yields. The results showed that leaf length was 16.97 cm - 18.52 cm, leaf width was 6.52 cm - 7, 11 cm, leaf thickness was 2.1 - 2.3, internode length 12.50 cm- 16.68 cm, vine diameter was 1.18 cm- 1.35 cm, number of bunches/trees 2, 70 - 6.15, number of flowers/bunch 14.55 - 20.30, number of fruits/bunches 12, fruit length was 15.69 cm- 19.35 cm, fruit diameter was 1.24 cm - 1.36 cm, fruit weight was 16.11 gr - 19.20 gr, and wet beans/plant production about 0.6 kg - 1.96 kg. The radix adligans of the five vanilla clones showed no significant difference with root lengths was 6.45 cm – 6.89 cm. Clone number 4 was adaptive and high yield in Bali.
Ex vitro shoot induction of rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) with benzyl amino purine and naphthalene acetic acid
Authors: Hardiany L , Fauzan Y S A , Pramono  , Rosmalawati S , Novita L , Hindaningrum I F , Mira F R
Published: November 2023

A medicinal plant called rodent tuber has the potential to both prevent and treat various diseases. There is no Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) governing the growth method of rodent tuber because it still grows wild and is rarely cultivated. This research aimed to study the optimal growth of rodent tuber for mass seed propagation based on the type of explants and the concentration of auxin and cytokinin combinations for inducing shoots. While generative parameters (harvesting of tubers/shoots) were observed up to 13 WAP (Week After Planting), vegetative parameters were observed up to 10 WAP. The results showed that the best type of explants for shoot induction and growth of rodent tuber were whole plants with a survival rate of 100%; the number of shoots was 6.65; the plant height was 21.27 cm with 6.34 leaves; 26.56 roots with a length of 16.05 cm; and 40.80% flowering plants. PGR (Plant Growth Regulator) combination of 50 ppm BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine) and 100 ppm NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) became the best explant soaking solution by forming eight shoots and the height of plants was 24.13 cm with seven leaves. The explant produced the highest root length in a combination of 100 ppm BAP and 50 ppm NAA, which was 17.70 cm. The interaction between whole plant explants immersed in 0 ppm BAP and 100 ppm NAA solution resulted in the most significant number of roots (41). Those goals can support the SOP of propagated methods and ensure the consistency, quality, and availability of raw materials for traditional medicine.
Effect of hatchery and mariculture activity at the northwest coastal area of Bali on water quality and plankton community
Authors: Slamet B , Kardi C
Published: November 2023

The northwest coastal area of Bali is currently for the development of marine fish hatcheries and cage farming. This study aims to influence the hatchery and aquaculture activities of marine fish cages in the northwest coastal area of Bali on seawater quality and plankton community. The parameters observed on water quality were total suspended solids, temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, Salinity, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, C-organic, total organic matter, and plankton community on diversity, similarity, and dominancy index. The results of water quality observations found that water temperature was 27.5-29.1°C, TSS 0.028-0.046 ppm, transparency 7.4-12.8 m, pH 8.1-8.3, DO 5.4-6.9, Salinity 33.2-34.1, ammonia, 0.01-0.04 ppm, nitrite 0.028-0.041 ppm, nitrate 0.018-0.036 ppm phosphate 0.026-0.038 ppm, C-Organic 0.65-0.74 ppm, TOM 0.75-1.23 ppm. Found 38 genera and 10 phyla of plankton, with an abundance was 258-26,546 ind/L, an index of the diversity of 0.89-2.15, an index of similarity of 0.22-0.64, and an index of dominancy 0.18-0.43. From these results, it can be concluded that the coastal waters of northwest Bali are in the criteria that have not been polluted and are good for marine fish farming. The northwest coastal area of Bali must be managed properly so that marine fish farming can be sustainable.
Urgent propagation of the endemic and possibly extinct in the wild tree Cassine koordersii (Celastraceae)
Authors: Pratiwi P I , Rahma E , Astuti A , Hastuti D , Rumbiak J E R , Widjaya A H , Robiansyah I , Primananda E
Published: November 2023

Cassine koordersii Kosterm. (Celastraceae) is a narrow endemic tree species known only to Mt. Puger, Jember, Indonesia. The IUCN Red List classifies it as Critically Endangered (CR) possibly extinct in the wild. Currently, there are only two living collections at the Bogor Botanic Gardens. As an urgent measure to anticipate extinction, vegetative propagation through shoot cuttings was conducted. This study aimed to determine the effects of rooting media and Rootone-F hormone on the successfulness of shoot cuttings of C. koordersii. It was carried out at the glass house in April 2022 with a 3-months observations period. The Komatsu-FORDA Fog Cooling (KOFFCO) system was adopted. The research used a completely randomized factorial design with rooting media and Rootone-F hormone as treatments. The media were sand (M1), cocopeat+burnt husk 2:1 (M2), and perlite+vermiculite 1:1 (M3). The Rootone-F hormone treatments included control (R1) and the addition of Rootone-F (R2). Six treatment combinations and four replications by 12 units obtained a total of 288 cuttings. The results indicate that in general, M2 and R2 have the best average yield: percentage of rooted cuttings (14.58%), number of primary roots (1.7), primary root length (1.58 cm), and percentage of survival cuttings (78.12%). The interaction between rooting media and Rootone-F hormone was not significant for all parameters. Despite only few new individuals are generated, they are valuable material for ex-situ collection backup. In addition, new juvenile seedlings are designed as mother trees for clonal orchards. Their high percentage rooting is expected to support the reintroduction program to their natural habitats.
The Influence of Activation Technique on the Adsorption of Coconut Coir-Activated Carbon in Four Potentially Dangerous Liquids
Authors: Wibisono H S , Hastuti N , Indrawan D A , Aini E N , Pari G , Hermawan D
Published: November 2023

Coconut coir is one of the agricultural waste. According to the research it was utilized as an activated carbon. Activated carbon is produced by high temperatures and chemical. Activation process will be carried out by two types of chemical activators i.e. phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide in 10%. The temperature at 750°C and using three time activation is about 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The result showed that phosphoric acid give the highest yield (42%) with a greater fixed carbon content (69%) than potassium hydroxide activation. As a result of activation with phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide, the iod absorption value of activated carbon from coconut coir was 770 mg/g and 736 mg/g, respectively. Four potentially hazardous liquids, which revealed that activated carbon derived from phosphoric acid activation had the greatest adsorption capacity for chloroform. In contrast, activated carbon produced from potassium hydroxide activation has greater formaldehyde, ammonia, and benzene adsorption capacities. The findings of the study revealed that the iodine adsorption capacity of activated carbon obtained from the activation of phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide was comparable (770 and 736 mg/g), indicating a different adsorption preference. Although the adsorption capacity of activated carbon iodine produced by phosphoric acid activation was greater, it was only superior to chloroform compared to the adsorption capacity of activated carbon produced by potassium hydroxide activation at the same concentration, temperature, and activation period. The results of the investigation indicate that the activator has a considerable effect on the adsorption preference of the activated carbon that is produced.