bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thinking Tracks for Multidisciplinary System Design
Authors: Bonnema Gerrit , Broenink Jan
Published: November 2016

Systems engineering is, for a large part, a process description of how to bring new systems to existence. It is valuable as it directs the development effort. Tools exist that can be used in this process. System analysis investigates existing and/or desired situations. However, how to create a system that instantiates the desired situation depends significantly on human creativity and insight; the required human trait here is commonly called systems thinking. In literature, this trait is regularly used, but information on how to do systems thinking is scarce. Therefore, we have introduced earlier twelve thinking tracks that are concrete and help system designers to make an optimal fit between the system under design, the identified issue, the user, the environment and the rest of the world. The paper provides the scientific rationale for the thinking tracks based on literature. Secondly, the paper presents three cases of application, leading to the conclusion that the tracks are usable and effective.
Development and Validation of a LC-ESI-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Alternaria Toxins Alternariol, Alternariol Methyl-Ether and Tentoxin in Tomato and Tomato-Based Products
Authors: Rodríguez-Carrasco Yelko , Mañes Jordi , Berrada Houda , Juan Cristina
Published: November 2016

Alternaria species are capable of producing several secondary toxic metabolites in infected plants and in agricultural commodities, which play important roles in food safety. Alternaria alternata turn out to be the most frequent fungal species invading tomatoes. Alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and tentoxin (TEN) are some of the main Alternaria mycotoxins that can be found as contaminants in food. In this work, an analytical method based on liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection for the simultaneous quantification of AOH, AME, and TEN in tomato and tomato-based products was developed. Mycotoxin analysis was performed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with LC-ESI-MS/MS. Careful optimization of the MS/MS parameters was performed with an LC/MS system with the ESI interface in the positive ion mode. Mycotoxins were efficiently extracted from sample extract into a droplet of chloroform (100 µL) by DLLME technique using acetonitrile as a disperser solvent. Method validation following the Commission Decision No. 2002/657/EC was carried out by using tomato juice as a blank matrix. Limits of detection and quantitation were, respectively, in the range 0.7 and 3.5 ng/g. Recovery rates were above 80%. Relative standard deviations of repeatability (RSDr) and intermediate reproducibility (RSDR) were ≤ 9% and ≤ 15%, respectively, at levels of 25 and 50 ng/g. Five out of 30 analyzed samples resulted positive to at least one Alternaria toxin investigated. AOH was the most common Alternaria toxin found, but at levels close to LOQ (average content: 3.75 ng/g).
β-Amino functionalization of cinnamic Weinreb amides in ionic liquid
Authors: Wang Yi-Ning , Sun Guo-Xiang , Qi Gang
Published: November 2016

2-Ns-Protected β-amino Weinreb amides were synthesized by aminochlorination of α,β-unsaturated Weinreb amides in an ionic liquid, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BMIM][NTf2]). Processed without the use of metal catalysts or the need of an inert gas atmosphere, the presented process can be readily performed as a one-pot synthesis at room temperature. Moreover, the preparation has the distinct advantages of the use of 2-NsNCl2 as an inexpensive and stable nitrogen/halogen source and the ionic liquid as a recyclable reaction media. Nine examples were examined, and modest to good isolated chemical yields (40–83%) were obtained.
3D microfabrication of complex structures for biomedical applications via combination of subtractive/additive direct laser writing and 3D printing
Authors: Jonušauskas Linas , Rekštytė Sima , Skliutas Edvinas , Butkus Simas , Malinauskas Mangirdas
Published: November 2016

In this work we present current progress on employing direct laser writing (DLW) for
creation of 3D microstructures for biomedical applications. Both subtractive and additive
variations of DLW allow fabricating structures for in vitro bioanalysis and in vivo tissue
engineering. Furthermore, we show that efficiency of 3D microstructure manufacturing can be
enhanced by combining femtosecond laser material processing with commercial 3D printers.
Geometry and mechanical function of multijoint extremities from mammals to insects: towards biomimetic design of robotic arm
Authors: Denisov Oleg , Kizilova Natalya
Published: November 2016

Biomechanics of legs of different families of insects is studied. Geometry of different
pairs of legs designed for walking, running, swimming, digging and other tasks has been measured
on entomological collections. Relationships between the lengths of three main segments (femur,
tibia, tarsus) as well as their smaller segments (if any) have been studied. It is shown the cursorial
and fossorial legs satisfy the same nondimentional relationships in the insects of different size,
habitat and evolutionary age, while the saltatorial, nanatorial and raptoridal legs possess different
types of relations. Application of the nature inspired design to engineered macro and micro
manipulators and robotic systems is discussed.
L’insécurité personnelle et ses variations : pour une analyse dispositionnelle
Authors: Noble Julien
Published: November 2016

À l’aide du dispositionalisme, cet article propose un modèle théorique pour expliquer les variations individuelles en matière de perception du risque de victimation. La première partie porte la focale sur les travaux antérieurs. Elle présente les apports et les difficultés des principales approches explorées pour appréhender l’insécurité personnelle. La seconde partie expose le concept de « dispositions à l’insécurité personnelle ». L’ambition est de proposer une lecture de ce phénomène social au regard du dispositionalisme de Lahire. On insiste alors sur le passé incorporé des individus, façonné sur la base des expériences menaçantes, des représentations du danger et des caractéristiques individuelles, pour rendre compte de leurs réactions dans les situations présentes.
« C’est d’abord la réconciliation avec soi »
Authors: Schildt Jana
Published: November 2016

Cet article est consacré à la question de la réconciliation au Rwanda. Il apporte un éclairage nouveau sur ce phénomène en proposant un changement de perspective pour son étude. Il tente de découvrir le sens de la réconciliation « par le bas » en s’intéressant aux acteurs individuels qui s’engagent pour ce qu’ils considèrent comme la réconciliation au Rwanda. Dans un premier temps, l’article se penche sur la littérature qui, en raison d’une forte polarisation entre auteurs, entérine souvent des conceptions plus au moins réductrices des logiques sociales au Rwanda et tend à décrire la réconciliation comme une simple imposition par le haut, laissant l’action des acteurs locaux dans l’ombre. Dans ce sens, la réconciliation au Rwanda est décrite comme une boîte noire qui peut être ouverte en l’analysant à travers la perspective d’acteurs individuels. De plus, il est important de tenir compte de la dimension extraterritoriale de la réconciliation, façonnée par les mouvements de populations cycliques de l’exil et du retour au Rwanda. Dans un second temps, l’article prend pour objet ces acteurs locaux ainsi que, à travers leurs biographies « extraverties », le sens qu’ils donnent à leur engagement pour la réconciliation à partir de données empiriques. Cette perspective micro indique que, même s’ils conçoivent la réconciliation comme un engagement pour transformer les relations sociales, ils lui confèrent avant tout un sens réflexif. À travers des formes variées d’engagement, ils mettent l’accent sur la nécessité de se réconcilier avec soi-même.
Einstein dyscalculique
Authors: Siety Anne
Published: November 2016

Dans le champ de la clinique, le terme de dyscalculie apparaît peu opérant : il masque en effet une grande diversité de cas, et, ce qui est plus inquiétant, il suggère une prise en charge standardisée. La dyscalculie (comme, plus généralement, les difficultés en mathématiques) gagne à être considérée non pas comme un trouble à soigner, mais comme l’expression d’une problématique souvent ancienne et complexe qu’il est possible d’écouter et de travailler individuellement, ce qui représente chaque fois une aventure clinique passionnante et inédite. L’apparition même du mot « dyscalculie » à la fin du xx e siècle indique que ce type de difficulté va croissant. Ce constat nous invite à mettre en question certains outils contemporains de l’enseignement des mathématiques, tels que les écrans et les programmes actuels, qui souvent, invitent à « savoir faire » plutôt qu’à penser.
Troubles spécifiques du langage et des apprentissages : mais que fait l’Éducation nationale ?
Authors: Benoit Jaya
Published: November 2016

Favoriser la réussite éducative de tous les élèves est le premier objectif de l’École. La prise en charge des troubles spécifiques du langage et des apprentissages est une priorité réaffirmée dans la loi de refondation de l’École de 2013. Tous les professionnels de l’Éducation nationale sont impliqués en intervenant dans leurs domaines de compétence, dans un modèle de parcours de santé allant du repérage à la mise en place de moyens d’aide à l’école après établissement d’un diagnostic. Les médecins de l’Éducation nationale ont un rôle essentiel à plusieurs titres : ils interviennent auprès des élèves concernés, tout au long de leur scolarité en lien étroit avec les familles et les structures de soins mais également auprès des personnels en participant à leur formation, permettant de comprendre ces troubles et leurs retentissements.
Un dispositif de soins au cœur des troubles spécifiques du langage et de la parole
Authors: Bottero-Frambourg Sylvaine , Cano Cécile , Chalamel Anne-Lise , Duchez Anaïs , Léault Jocelyne , Louvet Nicolas
Published: November 2016

Les troubles complexes du langage apparaissent comme des symptômes handicapants qui nécessitent une prise en charge pluridisciplinaire dans un lieu de soins tiers en lien avec les différents espaces de vie des jeunes. La présentation du dispositif mis en place par le sessad Bossuet illustre la pertinence d’un accompagnement global pour ces jeunes « dysphasiques ». La rythmicité des soins autour d’un espace intégratif leur permet de tisser leur vécu et d’élaborer leur pensée. L’exemple clinique de Tom met en lumière l’efficience de ce service de soins dans lequel la continuité, la contenance, le respect de l’évolution et de la prise de parole sont des fondamentaux.
Psychopathologie développementale et familiale de la séparation parentale
Authors: Aabbassi Bouchra , Asri Fatima , Nicolis Hélène
Published: November 2016

La séparation parentale est une expérience à risque traumatique pour l’enfant quel que soit son âge. Pour surmonter cette épreuve, l’enfant met en place des mécanismes adaptatifs soit fonctionnels, lui permettant de poursuivre harmonieusement son développement ; soit au contraire, non fonctionnels donnant lieu à l’apparition de symptômes relevant des registres affectif, familial, relationnel, et/ou scolaire. Toutefois, l’expression de cette souffrance va dépendre de plusieurs facteurs (l’âge de l’enfant, son niveau de développement, sa personnalité et celle de ses parents, le contexte familial, la nature de la mésentente parentale, la place de l’enfant au sein du conflit, la qualité de la relation entre les parents ainsi que celle des relations enfant-parents après la séparation…). Aujourd’hui, les lectures en matière de séparation parentale et ses répercussions psychologiques chez les enfants se multiplient et s’entrecroisent pour apporter un regard plus global à ce phénomène préoccupant. Nous nous proposons ici de faire une revue de la littérature internationale sur ce sujet.
Réflexions autour de la médiation écriture en dispositif groupal
Authors: Marcilhacy Charlotte
Published: November 2016

La proposition de groupes à médiation paraît répondre de plus en plus aux nouvelles formes d’expression de la souffrance mentale, au plus près des besoins et de la clinique présentée par nos jeunes patients suivis en pédopsychiatrie. À partir de l’expérience de deux groupes écriture, l’un en cattp et l’autre cmp , nous montrons comment, incités à se souvenir à travers une situation d’écriture et des associations partagées, les enfants sont accompagnés dans un processus qui soutient leur créativité, leur pensée, leurs possibilités expressives et communicationnelles, et les revalorise. Face à la réactualisation de vécus corporels et d’éprouvés très primitifs, ils sont encouragés, avec le soutien de l’adulte, à intégrer certains éléments traumatiques de leur expérience en les mettant en forme, en récit, dans un aller-retour entre singularité et acceptation d’un code formalisé, partagé.
Adaptation and mitigation options to manage aflatoxin contamination in food with a climate change perspective
Authors: Wambui J.M. , Karuri E.G. , Ojiambo J.A. , Njage P.M.K.
Published: November 2016

Understanding the impact of climate change remains vital for food safety and public health. Of particular importance is the influence of climatic conditions on the growth ofAspergillus flavus and production of their toxins. Nevertheless, little is known about the actual impact of climate change on the issue. Setting up of relevant measures to manage the impact has therefore become a daunting task especially in developing nations. Therefore, this study aimed at providing adaptation and mitigation options to manage this risk with a special focus on Kenya where cases of aflatoxicosis have been recurrent. We used a systematic literature review of review and research articles, with limited searching but systematic screening to explore available qualitative and quantitative data. Projections from the data, showed that on average, a 58.9% increase of aflatoxin contamination in the Central and Western parts and a decrease of 44.6% in the Eastern and Southern parts is expected but with several possible scenarios. This makes the impact of climate change on aflatoxin contamination in Kenya complex. To protect the public and environment from the negative impact, a regulatory framework that allows for an integrated management of aflatoxins in a changing climate was proposed. The management practices in the framework are divided into agronomic, post-harvest and institutional levels. Given the multiple points of application, coordination amongst stakeholders along the chain is fundamental. We therefore proposed a complimentary framework that allows the food safety issues to be addressed in an integrated manner while allowing for transparent synergies and trade-offs (in implementing the measures). A policy-oriented foresight should be carried out to provide policy based evidence for the applicability of the proposed adaptation and mitigation measures.
Possibility Interval-Valued Vague Soft Expert Sets and Its Similarity Measure
Authors: Selvachandran Ganeshsree , John Sunil Jacob
Published: November 2016

In this paper, the authors aim to extend the notion of interval-valued vague soft sets to establish the concept of possibility interval-valued vague soft expert sets. The set theoretic operations of this concept and other related concepts are introduced. The algebraic properties of this notion such as the laws of commutativity, associativity and De Morgan are established and verified. Lastly, the similarity measure between this set is introduced and illustrated using a hypothetical example related to texture synthesis.
Information Strategy Management
Authors: Maravilhas Sérgio
Published: November 2016

In this article, the implementation of an information strategy project in a Portuguese Real Estate company is analyzed. This involves its framing - historical and socio-economic - and a brief description of the activity sector in which the company operates. Several well managed projects have been developed to improve the competitive position of the company, but without focus all the activities lose strength because they might not reach their proposed targets. Some tools to identify the information needs of business activity developed are described, as well as the role of information as a promoter of competitive advantages. Social media tools were utilized and proved to be a great strategic decision. To conclude, a few reminders of the factors to consider in developing the information strategy to implement and that information management without a strategy could result in several diversified decisions without any positive consequence for the organization.
Understanding the Impact of Individual Differences on Learner Performance Using Hypermedia Systems
Authors: Alhajri Rana , Alhunaiyyan Ahmed A. , AlMousa Eba'
Published: November 2016

In recent studies, there has been focus on understanding learner performance and behaviour using Web-Based Instruction (WBI) systems which accommodate individual differences. Studies have investigated the performance of these differences individually such as gender, cognitive style and prior knowledge. In this article, the authors describe a case-study using a large student user base. They analysed the performance of combinations of individual differences to investigate how each investigated item influenced learning performance. The data was filtered to validate the data mining findings in order to investigate the sensitivity of the results. Moving data threshold was used to evaluate their findings and to understand what could affect the performance. The authors found that certain combinations of individual differences altered a learner's performance level significantly using Data mining techniques. They conclude that designers of WBI applications need to consider the combination of individual differences rather than considering them individually in measuring learners' performance.
A Comparison of Indicators for Self-Sufficient Energy Systems
Authors: Unterberger Eric , Wolf Adam , Reinhart Gunther
Published: November 2016

Industry is one of the major energy consumers in Germany. In order to fulfil the social responsibility of the energy revolution, companies required to install and to use their own renewable energy. With the increasing set-up of renewable energy systems at the production site, these companies are interested in consuming most of the energy directly on-site. Based on a material flow simulation of the Green Factory Bavaria in Augsburg, this paper compares different indicators for the energy self-sufficiency. Finally the effect of electrical energy storage to increase the energy self-sufficiency is examined.
E|Flow - Decentralized Computer Architecture and Simulation Models for Sustainable and Resource Efficient Intralogistics
Authors: Scholz Michael , Kreitlein Sven , Franke Jörg
Published: November 2016

Nowadays material flow in factories is realized by different concepts of transport. Each of those specific conveyers has pros and cons due to its concept. In general, the state of art of transport systems have a low flexibility of the path planning and are not suitable for dynamic transport requirements, wherefore they are designed for a specific application. Generally, the common systems cover a specific task of transportation and can fulfill a predefined maximum amount of transportation orders. Due to the effects of mass-customization there is an increase of the variance of the products combined with a reduction of the number of units per variation and a volatile costumer demand. Therefore, it is necessary that the next generations of production lines, especially the intralogistics transportation systems, have to be designed more adaptable and flexible. The object of the research in this paper is a cyber-physical material flow system with flexible, autonomous and collaborative vehicles combined with centralized sensors to digitalize the workspace. Furthermore, the number of vehicles in the system can be adjusted to the volume of the transport requirement, wherefore the system is suitable for different tasks in the intralogistics. Due to the approach of a decentralized digitalization of the workspace on the one hand side and the decentralized architecture of the path planning and order allocation system on the other hand side the concept lead to a nearly endless scalability of the system. The scalability is only restricted by the maximum number of entities which can use the communication system. Therefore, it is possible that the system adjust itself to the actual intralogistics demand as well as the dimension of the field of operation. This lead to a self-adjustable intralogistics transportation system which avoid a physical redesign of the whole system if the intralogistics demand is changing. To validate the approach, the decentralized intelligence of the transport entities and the production units is implemented in a discrete event simulation. In this simulation environment different task allocation methods, sizes of the transportation fleet, lot size management concepts and site layout concepts can be compared and rated which each other.
Analysing the Tribological Behaviour of DLC-Coated Dry-Running Deep Groove Ball Bearings with Regard to the Ball Material
Authors: Kröner Julia , Kursawe Serge , Musayev Yashar , Tremmel Stephan
Published: November 2016

In many applications conventional lubricants which are based on mineral oils cannot be used because it is physically impossible or forbidden by regulations. Operating machine elements, such as rolling element bearings, under dry running conditions is highly demanding in regard to the materials that are being used. Applying thin films to steel substrates was identified as an approach to achieve wear resistant and low friction surfaces at reasonable cost. Furthermore, a substitution of mineral oil based lubricants by coatings is an achievement in terms of sustainability, environmental friendliness and conserving resources. In this paper wear and friction behaviour of deep groove ball bearings with two types of diamond-like-carbon (DLC)coating systems on the inner and the outer ring are investigated. The coating systems are modified hydrogenated amorphous carbon films, one with a metallic doping element (a‑C:H:Me) functional layer and one with a non-metallic (a‑C:H:X). As ball materials hardened steel (100Cr6) and ceramics (Si3N4) are considered. The tests have been conducted on a four-bearing-test-rig under radial load and a constant rotational speed. The combination of a‑C:H:Me with Si3N4 balls shows the best results in this sample by reaching the predefined time limit without exhibiting an increase in the friction torque trend.
Strength Calculation and Design Optimization of a Test Rig for Slide Ring Seals in the Scope of Rotary Manifolds
Authors: Müller Julian , Michos Gordana , Koch Lukas , Hubert Markus , Franke Jörg
Published: November 2016

An examination of machining centers with high degree of automation showed that rotatory manifolds are critical components regarding functional reliability and efficiency. In order to get a better understanding of the interrelationships and involved mechanisms of the sealing system inside the rotatory manifolds, a corresponding rotatory seal test rig was developed. This study presents the necessary development process. More importantly, both of the analytical and simulative strength verification of the pressure chamber design is elucidated.
Joining Technologies for Material Substitution by Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Boehner Johannes , Jahn Josefine , Klein Melanie , Steinhilper Rolf
Published: November 2016

In modern society, sustainability, resources awareness and energy saving are becoming increasingly important. At the same time, advanced high-tech products are requested by the customers. A promising approach to address these demands is the use of lightweight constructions with a focus on the utilization of mixed materials. Therefore, competitive, economic and producible joining technologies for carbon fiber reinforced plastics are required. This paper firstly discusses the benefits of materials substitution by carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) by demonstrating two case studies. The applied methods for materials substitution are presented focusing on the weight reduction and the selection of suitable joining technologies.
Quantifying Powder Losses and Analyzing Powder Conditions in order to Determine Material Efficiency in Laser Beam Melting
Authors: Lutter-Günther Max , Hofmann Alexander , Hauck Christoph , Seidel Christian , Reinhart Gunther
Published: November 2016

Laser Beam Melting (LBM) is an additive manufacturing process, which is increasingly applied for the production of end use parts. One advantage of this powder bed fusion technology lies in the high material efficiency in comparison with subtractive manufacturing processes (i. e. milling, lathing). However, only few experimental studies have been conducted on the material efficiency of LBM. For the accurate evaluation of the LBM material efficiency, empirical values for powder losses are required. Furthermore, a lack of terminology for waste types and powder conditions in the context of LBM impedes communication and research on the topic. The presented paper aims to increase the understanding of material efficiency and powder conditions in Laser Beam Melting. A quantitative analysis of waste types is presented for different LBM application scenarios. This sets a basis for the ecological evaluation and comparison with conventional manufacturing processes. In order to achieve the aim, a terminology is introduced for waste types and powder conditions in the context of powder bed-based additive processes. Therefore, considerations regarding powder quality are taken into account. For the quantification of powder losses, the experimental setup and measurement results are described. Furthermore, loss types and their significance are analyzed and discussed.
The Physical Model Concept for the Determination of the Least Energy Demand as Energy Efficiency Benchmark for Production Processes
Authors: Kreitlein Sven , Baumhoer Fabian , Ultsch Fabian , Franke Jörg
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the Least Energy Demand as a comprehensive reference value to evaluate energy efficiency. An objective evaluation and calculation of the energy efficiency of production processes represents a substantial challenge with regard to the state of the art. The reason for this is the lack of appropriate reference values. A comprehensive comparison of the energy efficiency is not possible without consistent reference values. However, this comparison is essential for revealing the actual energy savings potential of production processes as well as to derive actions on its basis. In order to calculate such a reference value for different production processes, the term Least System Energy Change Demand is defined based on the model of the activation energy in the field of chemistry and on the given circumstances. In the following, the fundamental model concepts for describing the processes on an atomic level, which take place during the execution of the respective production process according to DIN 8580, are introduced. Four fundamental models consider the atomic processes under energetic aspects: 1. the chemical, 2. the atom physical, 3. the thermodynamic, and 4. the materials scientific model. The atom physical model includes two model concepts that describe different phenomena: the model concept of the potential well and the model concept of the Coulomb potential. Finally, it is shown to what extent the models can be transferred to the common materials in the manufacturing technology. The presented models form the basis for determining the Least Energy Demand as a reference value to evaluate and calculate the energy efficiency for production processes according to DIN 8580.
A Lean-Based Key Performance Analysis for a Resource Efficient Soldering Oven in Electronics Production
Authors: Esfandyari Alireza , Sattler Daniel , Syed-Khaja Aarief , Franke Jörg
Published: November 2016

The reflow soldering in electronics production is identified as an energy-intensive process that requires further resource efficiency optimization. A lean-based analysis of the resource consumption in production at different factory levels illustrates the minimum resource consumption and saving potentials in the soldering process. The four levels namely factory, machine, process, and product represent the hierarchical structure within the production facility and establish a transparent overview model. The value-added energy investigation is conducted at all levels, and additionally the exergy method is used in the product level to investigate the material transformation efficiency and the minimum resource consumption in the model. The results in different levels illustrate the energy efficiency of each level, the energy wastage, and the potential for further optimization.
Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid)/Perkalite Clay Nanocomposites: Gas Barrier Properties
Authors: Tipachan Chuenkhwan , Kajorncheappunngam Somjai
Published: November 2016

Nanocomposite films based on poly (lactic) acid (PLA) and organically nanoclay Perkalite were prepared by solvent casting method. The incorporation of Perkalite clay in PLA film was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Morphology of PLA/Perkalite film was investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The gas barrier properties of PLA nanocomposite films were determined through oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) measurement. Results from FTIR analysis indicates that Perkalite clay was incorporated in PLA film. SEM images show that dispersion of Perkalite particle on the PLA matrix was good with the additional of clay up to 3 pph (parts of clay per hundred part of PLA). The maximum reduction in OTR and WVTR of that nanocomposite film with Perkalite loading of 3 pph are 76% and 37%, respectively compared with neat PLA film. This proves that gas barrier property of PLA film is improved significantly with incorporation of Perkalite clay. The PLA/Perkalite nanocomposite film is a promising as green based packaging materials.
Binary Fe and Mn Oxide Nanoparticle Supported Polymeric Anion Exchanger for Arsenic Adsorption: Role of Oxides, Supported Materials, and Preparation Solvent
Authors: Pranudta Antika , Praipipat Pornsawai , El-Moselhy Medhat Mohamed , Padungthon Surapol
Published: November 2016

In this work, binary Fe/Mn oxide nanoparticles were incorporated onto the matrix of anion exchange resin, resulting in hybrid polymeric/inorganic nanoadsorbent named as A502P-Fe/Mn. During synthesis process, effects of various types of metal oxides, preparation solvent, supporting materials, and loading cycles were also investigated. To reduce the charge repulsion force between cationic Fe3+ and Mn4+ ions and fixed-positively charged quaternary amine (R4N+) functional groups of the anion exchange support, mixed solution containing DI/ethanol was introduced to dissolve metal salts during the preparation process. The data obtained by equilibrium batch test indicated that the A502P-Fe/Mn prepared from mixed 50:50 of DI and ethanol exhibited the highest As (V) sorption capacity. The synthesized material was further characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDX) to verify the existence and distribution of elemental Fe, Mn, and As inside the polymeric beads. Equilibrium As (V) sorption isotherm, effect of solution pH, and point of zero charge of material were also evaluated. This A502P-Fe/Mn can have a promising potential for arsenic removal applications.
Carbothermic Reduction of Misamis Oriental Chromite Ores
Authors: Yape Erlinda O. , Anacleto Nathaniel M.
Published: November 2016

This study was conducted to determine the non-isothermal and isothermal reduction of chromium ores in the solid-state by reductants like solid carbon under argon and hydrogen-argon atmosphere. Two different chromite ores from local sources , sandy chromite ore from Opol, Misamis Oriental (SCO) and lumpy chromite ore from Manticao, Misamis Oriental (LCM) were used in the study. Isothermal and non-isothermal experiments were conducted in a fixed bed reactor heated in a vertical tube furnace in the temperature range 800 to 1000°C. Raw chromite and reduced samples were subjected to phase analysis and morphology characterization using X-ray flourescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It was found that reduction does not go to completion at this temperature range. The early stage of reduction of iron was controlled by nucleation and the later by nucleation or chemical reaction or both. The activation energy at the early stage of reduction is estimated to be 44.76 kJ/mol and the later stage of reduction is 144 kJ/mol for SCO and 76.5 kJ/mol for LCM. The reduction of chromium was controlled by chemical reaction.
Hydroxyapatite from Golden Apple Snail Shell with Calcined Kaolin for Biomaterial Applications
Authors: Sutthi Ratchawoot , Pangdaeng Saengsuree , Chindaprasirt Prinya , Otsuka Yuichi , Mutoh Yoshiharu , Laonapakul Teerawat
Published: November 2016

Biomaterials containing calcium phosphate ceramics have been used as bone substitute materials. In this study, the compressive strength and in vitro bioactivity tests of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from golden apple snail shell mixed with calcined kaolin (CK) were investigated for used as bone substitute materials. Mixed paste samples were cured at 23°C and 60°C for 2 days and curing continued at 23°C for 7 days. The effects of HAp:CK weight ratio on compressive strength and apatite formation in simulated body fluid (SBF) were investigated. The good compressive strength was 32.93 MPa at 25 % hydroxyapatite with 75% calcined kaolin at curing temperature of 60°C. Apatite formation was observed on sample surfaces after soaking in SBF for 28 days using SEM, EDS and XRD analyses. It was found that apatite formation took place on the surface of samples, consisting of HAp, after immersion in SBF.
Utilization of Pottery Stone as a Replacing Material for Vitreous Ceramic Sanitary Ware Production: A Case Study in Khon Kaen, Thailand
Authors: Sirilar Pakawadee , Srisukhumbowornchai Nakorn , Thanakijkasem Purit , Sirisoonthorn Somnuk , Klein Gernot
Published: November 2016

The aim of this work was to determine the properties of vitreous ceramic sanitary ware bodies according to the production of Khon Kaen ceramic sanitary ware industry, Thailand. Pottery stone was used as a replacing material in the commercial ceramic sanitary ware body formulation. The cast slurry of seven formulations was prepared by wet milling. The rheological properties (density and torsion viscosity) were investigated before slip casting. The test pieces were fired at 1175, 1200 and 1225๐C and the physical-mechanical properties (firing shrinkage, flexural strength, and water absorption) were compared. As a result, pottery stone shows a possibility to replace quartz in the production. It could enhance all of the good properties at lower firing temperature. Using of pottery stone could reduce production cost in term of energy fuel by 4.45% when compared with commercial formulation.
Effect of Welding Speed on Deformation Behavior of Friction Welded Aluminium/Alumina
Authors: Mingmuang Dhammasook , Talangkun Sukangkana , Thinvongpitak Chawalit , Kapranos Plato , Pronpijit Anuprong , Bowornkiatkaew Warunee
Published: November 2016

The objective of this experiment was to investigate deformation behavior of friction welded aluminium AA6063/alumina. Effect of welding speed on microstructural change and temperature gradient were determined. The result showed effects of welding speed on temperature and grains flow. Microstructures at the interfaces in all conditions exhibited recrystallised grains and hot deformation characteristic. Areas of Heat affected zone (HAZ) decreased with increasing welding speed. Hardness of recrystallised AA6063 grains decreased approximately by 30%. Increasing in amount of deformation increased the fully welded interface areas improving bonding strength of the weld.
Improvement of Early Compressive Strength in Belite Cement by Incorporating Silica Coated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Suprompituk Wanchart , Jaroenapibal Papot
Published: November 2016

This work demonstrated the improvement of belite cement compressive strength by incorporating nanosilica coated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs@SiO2) into the cement paste. The structure and chemical compositions of SWNTs@SiO2 materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques, respectively. Belite cement composites were prepared by mixing belite cement paste with different loadings of SWNTs@SiO2 ranging from 0.02 – 0.1 wt%. In order to measure the early strength of cement composites, the samples were aged for 7 days, and then subjected to compression tests. Effects of uncoated SWNTs and silica coated SWNTs loadings on the compressive strength of belite cement composites were studied. Without pre-coating SWNTs with nanosilica, the SWNTs additives led to large decrease in compressive strength of belite cement composite. Improvements in compressive strength of belite cement are shown in samples that incorporated SWNTs@SiO2 loadings. The coating layer helps enhance bonding strength between reinforced SWNTs and the matrix, as well as promote hydration reactions in the cement paste. The highest increase in the compressive strength of 18.8 % is found in the sample with the minimal SWNTs@SiO2 loading of 0.02%.
Preliminary Study of Pressed Lightweight Geopolymer Block Using Fly Ash, Portland Cement and Recycled Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Posi Patcharapol , Foytong Piyawat , Thongjapo Pearploy , Thamultree Natakorn , Boontee Phongsathon , Kasemsiri Pornnapa , Cao Trinh , Chindaprasirt Prinya
Published: November 2016

In this research, the properties of pressed lightweight fly ash geopolymer concrete block containing Portland cement and recycled lightweight concrete aggregate. The recycled lightweight concrete aggregate (RLCA) was crushed and classified as coarse aggregate (CA), medium aggregate (MA) and fine aggregate (FA). The RLCA with CA : MA : FA of 30 : 30 : 40 by weight was used to reduce the weight of concrete block. Lightweight geopolymer concrete block was produced from lignite fly ash, NaOH, Na2SiO3, RCLA and PC. The lightweight geopolymer concrete blocks with 28-day compressive strengths between 2.0 and 14.1 MPa and densities between 1130 and 1370 kg/m3 were obtained.
A Study on Coconut Shell Powder Filled in Epoxy Resin: A Remedy for Electrical Tree Growth Inhibition
Authors: Saithanu Thanyakon , Suksri Amnart
Published: November 2016

Electrical tree phenomenon is a long term degradation and can be found in solid insulator material. Its phenomenon will degrade the characteristic of insulator and may lead to breakdown. The use of filler in the process of manufacturing for the insulation is very popular method. This paper presents the use of coconut shell powder (CSP) filler in epoxy resin for inhibition of electrical tree growth. The CSP is filled with in ratio of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0% by weight. The electrical tree was tested by AC voltage of 15kV and conducted for 30 minutes in this experiment. Experimental results shown that, the pure epoxy resin using as a controlled has tree length of 3.20 mm. While the epoxy resin using CSP filler of 1% by weight has a tree length propagation of 2.10 mm. The shorten length of electrical tree may be affected by the combination of modified permittivity (Ɛ) value of an insulator. Also, this study has shown that the CSP may be a potential candidate as a filler compound to be used as electrical tree inhibition for electrical insulation system.
Rice Hull Micro and Nanosilica: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Jansomboon Worawat , Boonmaloet Khatawut , Sukaros Suradet , Prapainainar Paweena
Published: November 2016

Rice hull is a by-product natural material composing of high amount of silica. In this work, silica microparticles were synthesized from rice hull using 3 temperature levels of calcination at 500, 600, and 850 ºC. Then, they were transformed to silica nanoparticles by precipitation method using sodium silicate as an initial substance synthesized from rice hull. Finally, the properties of silica particle were studied such as characteristics, morphology of particle, component, and size of silica. The result showed the silica structure became more crystalline when the temperature was increased. When the concentration of sodium silicate increased, more agglutination occurred in the silica structure. The results also indicated that the particle size and component of silica synthesized by heating rice hull at 600 ºC followed by precipitation method were the same as those of commercial silica.
Characterisation of Silicon Carbide from Dark Red Meranti Wood
Authors: Abdul Rahman Noor Leha , Hyie Koay Mei , Kalam Anizah , Dung Teng Wan , Elias Husna
Published: November 2016

Porous biomorphic silicon carbide is a promising ceramic materials for used in wide variety of applications especially in filtration and separation. Wood derived silicon carbide retains the heterogeneous structure of initial wood. Silicon carbide ceramic was derived from Dark Red Meranti wood precursor in this study. The derivation process was prepared by reaction between liquid silicon and carbon preform. The carbon preform was obtained via pyrolysis process at 850 °C in Argon gas flow atmosphere. This process was followed by Si infiltration at 1500 °C for different holding hours. The density was determined using Archimedes method. SEM was performed to observe their microstructures while the compositions and phase analysis were analysed by EDX and XRD respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that a major weight loss of about 60% of carbon perform due to the decomposition of cellulose and lignin.XRD results revealed the presence of SiC and excess of silicon. It was found that conversion efficiency of carbon into SiC has been improved when the holding time was increased.
Experimental Study on the Inner Set Bolted Joint of Steel Tube Subject to Axial Pressure
Authors: Li Xing , Chao Huang
Published: November 2016

This paper presents an experimental investigation about the inner set bolted joint of steel tube subject to axial pressure. In total six tests which the thickness and the length of the cross plate were considered, were conducted. The tests results showed that, the inner set bolted joint can effectively transfer axial force, but can be easy to cause stress concentration and uneven distribution of the stress at the section break. So the inner set bolted joint should be considered the shear lag effect in design. In addition, increasing the length and the thickness could increase the test efficiency.
Impact of Original Micro-Structure on Grind-Hardened Layer of 42CrMo Steel in Grind-Hardening
Authors: Wang Gui Cheng , Jiao Bin , Zou Jun Feng , Pei Hong Jie
Published: November 2016

The grind-hardening test of 42CrMo steel was carried out on a forming grinding machine. The macrostructure, microstructures, micro-hardness and the depth of the hardened layer were measured and analyzed by optical micro-scope, scanning electron microscope and digital micro-hardness tester. The influences of original microstructure on the grind-hardened layer of 42CrMo steel were studied. The results show that the acicular martensite and a small amount of undissolved carbide appear in the surface layer, and slightly coarse martensite and a small amount of undissolved carbide appear in the middle layer of the completely hardened zone. Microstructure of the transitional zone varies with original structure. The microstructures and micro-hardness of the completely hardened zone have no obvious change under different original organizations, and the micro-hardness is 620HV0.5-700HV0.5. However, the distance from the slightly coarse martensite and the depth of the hardened layer increase with the uniformity improvement of the original microstructure.
Effects of Aging Treatment and SiCp Addition on Compressive Performance and Corrosion Behavior of Mg-10Zn-0.6Zr Alloy
Authors: Xiong Xin Hong , Li Hong Tao , Cai Jian Kang , Wang Guo Xian , Zhang Qiao Xin
Published: November 2016

This paper addresses the collective effects of aging treatment and addition of SiC particles (SiCp) on both the compression performance and corrosion behavior of Mg-10Zn-0.6Zr alloy through experimental study. The results indicate that aging treatment at 180°C for 18h while adding SiCp can improve both the compressive strength and the corrosion rate of Mg-10Zn-0.6Zr alloy. The microstructure analysis and corrosion mechanism analysis justify the effects observed. Specifically, the improvement of compressive strength is due to the fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening. Acceleration of corrosion is attributed to two factors. The first is the precipitation of the second phase after aging treatment. The second is the morphological changes of corrosion products resulted from aging treatment and addition of SiCp.
Influence of High-Temperature Ageing on the Microstructure of Stainless Steel/Low Alloy Steel Clad Plate Welded Joints
Authors: Ding Xiao , Li Xiang
Published: November 2016

This paper studies the microstructure of welded joints of Q345R/304 stainless steel clad plates after high temperature ageing. E309Nb welding rod, ER310 welding wire, and ER309L welding wire were used as cladding filling materials, and ER50-6 welding wire was used as base-layer filling material for welding. The metallographic microstructure of welding joints were studied after ageing treatment at 600°C for 100 hours. Test results showed that the microstructures of cladding weld zone were austenite and ferrite, and the ferrite in cladding weld zone of ER309L welded joints is less than the one in cladding weld zone of E309Nb and ER310 welded joints. The microstructure in the fusion zone is in-continuous, and the fine ferrite is distributed on the austenite matrix. After high temperature ageing, the width of fusion zone in ER309L welded joints is obviously less than that of the other two welded joints. The toughness of ER309L welded joints is better than that of E309Nb and ER310 welded joints.
The Mechanical Properties of TiN Films Grown by a Pure N2 Plasma Sputtering
Authors: Jang Bu Seong , Lee Chang Hyun , Choi Jae Woong , Kwon Ji Seon , Kim Ha Kyung , Park Chang Hwan , Kim Hwa Min
Published: November 2016

Titanium nitride (TIN) films were prepared by using rf magnetron sputtering technique. The films were deposited by a pure N2 plasma sputtering. Their mechanical properties, such as nanoindentation hardness, friction coefficient, and wettability have been investigated. XRD studies revealed that the orientation of TiN films changes toward the (111) orientation with decreasing working pressure due to a strong compressive stress during deposition . The strongest TiN(111) orientation is found when the film is deposited at working pressure of 1pa. This film shows a largest hardness of 15 GPa and a smallest friction coefficient of 0.17. This film was also found to be accompanied by a water-repellent surface with a water contact angle more than 100°