bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zinc Oxide Thin Films Grown by RF Magnetron Sputtering on Nanostructure Al Thin Layer/Glass and Glass Substrates
Authors: Liu T.Z. , Duo Shu Wang , Zhang H. , Ran M.J.
Published: December 2010

ZnO films with random and highly (002)-preferred orientation were deposited on nanostructured Al (n-Al) /glass and glass substrates at room temperature by RF magnetron sputtering method, respectively. According to I (002)/I (100) ≈I annealed (002)/I annealed (100) ≈1.1 (on n-Al) and 2I annealed (002) /I (002) (on n-Al) ≈ I annealed (002) /I (002) (on glass) ≈3.1, the rough n-Al surface is suitable for the growth of a-axis orientation, and the appearance of the (100) peak plays a major role in decreasing the c-axis orientation. The average optical transmission of the film on n-Al layer increased significantly after annealing. At the same time, the growth mode and E g of ZnO films were discussed. On n-Al layer/glass substrate, it is not easy for the growth interface to form the smooth surface during the deposition process and Stranski Krstanov plays a primary role on the deposition of the films. Due to the significant increase of the interplanar spacing d (101), the band gaps for as-grown and annealed films grown on n-Al decreased, comparing with that of the film deposited on glass substrate.
Application of X-Ray Diffraction at the Study on the Preparation and Structure of α-Al2O3 Nanocrystal
Authors: Li Jing , Pan Bao Wu
Published: December 2010

α-Al2O3 nanocrystalline powder was prepared via precipitation method, and the effect of reactant concentration on the nanocrystal structure was investigated by X-Ray diffraction. Firstly, α-Al2O3 phase was analyzed by continuous scanning, first strong peaks of allα-Al2O3 phase were step scanned then to determinate the most perfect crystal structure, and the crystal lattice constants and average crystal size of the best crystal structure were calculated finally. The result showed that X-ray diffraction was an elementary and necessary means for the crystal structure study, it also offered a new way to select preparation process, and the application of it would develop along with the develop of new materials. The most perfect α-Al2O3 nanocrystal structure was obtained with the reactant solution of 0.65mol/L, and its lattice constants were a-4.746xc-12.917Å and the average crystal size was 59nm.
Preparation and Characterization of Fe3O4@Au Nanoparticles Used as Precursor of Ferrofluids
Authors: Li De Cai , Zhang Zhi Li , Zhang Shao Lan
Published: December 2010

The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were prepared through co-precipitation of Fe3+ and Fe2+ with ammonium hydroxide. The initially obtained Fe3O4 nanoparticles were then coated by gold in solution of chloroauric acid through connecting of 3-aminopropyropyl thriethoxysilane (3-APTES) and the obtained Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles were further characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). During the process, the influences of chloroauric acid, reducing agent, coupling agent and nanoparticles of Fe3O4 were studied. The results showed that core-shell structure Fe3O4@Au particles have diameters of about 20nm in size synthesized from sodium citrate as reducing agent with 10.08 emu/g of saturation magnetization.
Effect of Sintering Systems and Colloidal Silica Sols on the Mechanical Properties of Oriented Silica-Based Ceramic Core Materials
Authors: Yu Jian Bo , Ren Zhong Ming , Wang B.Q. , Zhang Y.W.
Published: December 2010

A series of silica -based ceramic cores sintered at 1150°C, 1200°C for different times were prepared, and this study compared the three-point bending strength of room temperature and 900°C with commercially available colloidal silica sols systems. Three-point bend specimens 60 × 10 × 4 mm were cast by vacuum hot pressing and tested in a special mechanical testing machine with high temperature test system of ceramics. The effect of sintering systems and colloidal silica sols on the mechanical properties of ceramic core was discussed. It could be concluded that specimens sintered at 1150°C for 5h have an obtainable maximum bending strength and those immersed in colloidal silica sols contents showed doubled bending strength in the present research.
How Can Ceramic Small-Medium Enterprises Access to Finance in China?
Authors: Hua Rong Hui , Zhou Li Wei
Published: December 2010

It is necessary to discover the factors that block small-medium enterprises (SMEs) do financing successful. The paper describes market preference, credit system and social service which affect company doing finance by external environment. Moreover, information asymmetry and weak social service make SMEs do finance hard. The paper gives some suggestions such as set up a new finance department in the company, perfect credit system and social service.
Effect of Heat-Pressing on the Microstructure and Properties of a Novel Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic
Authors: Gao Jing , Chen Ji Hua , Wang Fu , Deng Zai Xi , Li Feng , Wu Dan
Published: December 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of heat pressing on the microstructure and properties of a novel lithium disilicate glass-ceramic located in Li2O-SiO2-K2O-Al2O3-ZrO2-P2O5 system. Before and after respective heat pressing, the crystalline phase composition and microstructures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three-point flexural strength of glass-ceramic specimens was measured following the instruction of ISO 6872. The results showed that the bonding strength of the heat-pressed specimens was higher than that of the heat- treated controls. XRD examination showed the main crystallization in specimens after heat pressing was lithium disilicate as controls. SEM examination indicated crysta1s were aligned along the direction of pressing, and while in control groups crystals randomly interlocked. Dental heat pressing procedure leads to an anisotropic structure in lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, which is a useful method to improve the mechanical property. With the results under the present conditions, the novel lithium disilicate glass-ceramic may be considered as a promising candidate material for dental all-ceramic application.
Crystal Phase Formation and Mechanical Properties of Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics for Dental Restoration
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hu Yi Wen , Wu Yin , Si Wen Jie
Published: December 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the crystal phase formation behavior and its influence on the mechanical properties of LiO2-SiO2-P2O5 glass-ceramics system. High temperature XRD was used to analyze the crystal phase formation in situ. The crystalline phases in the material both before and after heat-treatment were also analyzed. The flexural strength was measured by three-point bending test according to ISO 6872:2008(E). The SEM analysis showed that the high strength of the glass-ceramics is attributed to the continuous interlocking microstructure with fine lithium disilicate crystallines.
Indentation Fatigue and In Situ Inspection of Damage Evolution for Glass
Authors: Zhou H.B. , Bao Yi Wang , Qiu Yan , Chen Lan , Wang Xiu Fang , Li Kun Ming
Published: December 2010

Initiation and propagation of Hertz crack in glass was investigated by combining sphere indentation test and optical microscope under a transparent testing platform. Thus, the process of the crack growth in glass and the critical indentation load and contact crack radius could be determined conveniently. Indentation fatigue tests were carried out to understand the contact damage resistance, the fatigue cycle number for cracking increase with decrease of the fatigue load. This simple testing method is demonstrated convenient and available for calculating the surface local strength of glass in situ via measurements of the critical load and contact crack size.
Testing and Evaluation of Infrared Radiation Property of Cordierite Based Glass-Ceramic Materials
Authors: Wang Shu Ming , Zhang Ying Chun , Kuang Feng Hua , Yan Qing Zhi , Ge Chang Chun , Qi Long Hao
Published: December 2010

In this article we present the testing, evaluation of infrared radiation properties of polycrystalline materials especially as cordierite-based glass-ceramics. Researches aim to make a comprehensive and systematic exposition of emissivity definition, test principles and test methods. And on the basis of measurement results of the infrared emissivity of cordierite-based glass-ceramics, the Infrared radiation property of this polycrystalline material was discussed. Research has a positive significance on the development of the infrared radiation heating and drying materials.
A New Type of Colored Alumina/Glass Composite Biological Safety Assessment – Cell Toxicity and Hemolysis Tests
Authors: Deng Bin , Lu Huai Xiu , Shao Long Quan , Yi Yuan Fu , Liu Jie , Hou Kang Lin , Zhang Wei Wei , Wen Ning
Published: December 2010

Objective: to evaluate the biological safety of a colored alumina/glass composite in terms of cytotoxicity and hemolytic ability. Methods: the cytotoxicity of an alumina/glass composite was evaluated with molecular filtration method. Cytotoxicity by spectrophotometric responses of test material and responses of a fresh rabbit red blood anticoagulant solution was determined by spectrophotometer. Results: cell-coated filter paper in contact with the test material showed the appearance of intracellular blue dye as the same staining density as in control samples, leading to a toxicity rating of 0. Colored alumina/glass composite assayed at <5% hemolysis. Conclusion: colored alumina/glass composite materials showed low cytotoxicity and non-acute hemolytic rates, representing overall good biological safety under these conditions.
Modification of CaO Refractory for Melting Titanium Alloys and its Hydration Resistance
Authors: Sun Ting Ting , Jiang Min , Li Chong He , Lu Xiong Gang , Liu Wei Dong
Published: December 2010

CaO is a promising refractory for melting TiNi shape memory alloys, the carbon contamination can be avoid by using CaO crucible instead of carbon crucible. However, its industrial application is limited by the easy hydration of CaO in the air. In this study, the hydration resistance of CaO is modified by the addition of ZrO2, the powder of CaO adding 6.0 to 15.0mol% ZrO2 and 2.0mol% TiO2 is ball- milled, the mixture is shaped into the chip by the isostatic pressing method (IP), then the samples are sintered at 1750°C. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the sintered samples consist of CaO dissolved with ZrO2 and CaZrO3. The anti-hydration property is described by the weight addition of samples, which are stored at the room temperature and atmosphere. It is shown that the sample with 12% ZrO2 of additive possesses the good hydration resistance, its weight addition stored after 56-days is less than 0.6wt%. Therefore, the powder of CaO with 12.0% ZrO2 additive are used to prepare the crucible by IP, the green crucible is sintered at 1750°C. This home-made crucible is used for melting TiNi alloy by means of the induction method at 1500~1800°C temperature and the vacuum environment, it is found that, the internal and external surface of crucible were almost kept unchanged after melting, this refractory did not obviously react with titanium melts, this result may provide a support for searching a new refractory with the good hydration resistance for melting of titanium alloys.
Assessment of Anhydrous Ethanol Extraction to Determine the Ionic Concentration of Hardened Cement Pastes
Authors: Wu Man Jian , Yao Wu , Wang Wei , Wei Yong Qi
Published: December 2010

A new method involving the extraction of various ions from hardened cement pastes by anhydrous ethanol is presented to determine the pH value and ionic concentration during the first 28 days. The volume content of pore solution extracted by ethanol in the leachate reached 12% or above and the pH values calculated by alkali ions are more than 12, even up to 12.73. The results were compared with those from parallel, conventional pore water expression experiments. All of these comparisons verified the feasibility of the proposed method. However, the application of this method to pore solution analysis needs further improvement.
Ultrasonic Monitoring of Hydration Using Embedded Piezoelectric Transducers
Authors: Qin Lei , Zhong Qian Qian , Huang Shi Feng , Cheng Xin
Published: December 2010

This study utilized embedded piezoelectric transducers for monitoring of cement hydration process. Longitudinal ultrasonic transducer which was suitable for being embedded in cement paste was prepared by cutting PZT rods and coating epoxy layer. The transducers were used to generate and receive ultrasonic waves to continuously observe the hydration of cement paste. The characteristics of wave parameters such as wave velocity, amplitude and frequency were used to interpret the hydration process of cement. Relationship between the character values of the wave and the process of hydration could be established. Therefore, it is feasible to observe the hydration progress using this technology. The coupling problem existed in traditional ultrasonic monitoring of hydration can be solved and the whole life monitoring of cement materials can be also achieved through this method.
Influence of Testing Methods on Setting Time of Foam Concrete
Authors: Yu Xin Gang , Wei Yu Rong , Luo Shi Song , Zeng Kang Yan , Li De Jun , Wang Hong Fei , Li Yue Xiang , Wei Xiao Tie
Published: December 2010

As a porous material, foam concrete can be manufactured not only into building materials with good heat insulation performance, but also into materials with good water permeability, and by properly controlling the size and shape of the pores, the foam concrete can be used as acoustic material to meet People's increasing demand for functional materials. Therefore, the development of foam concrete has a vast potential for future market. Though the setting time of foam concrete is one of the key technical parameters for the preparation of high performance foam concrete, there is no standard method for the testing of the foam concrete’s setting time. That militates against the development of foam concrete greatly. In this paper, two methods were used to measure the setting time of foam concrete. The results show that the offset value of the foam concrete’s initial setting time measured by the two different methods increases with the increasing of foam volume adding to the foam concrete which use the Portland cement and Portland cement-mineral admixture as binder. Finally, a prefer method to test the foam concrete’s initial setting time was selected.
Durability Assessment of Hot Dip Galvanized Reinforcement Concrete
Authors: Jiang Quan , Liu Yu Jun , Liu Ru Ping
Published: December 2010

Treat the steel bars by hot dip galvanizing technology to prepare steel concrete specimen. Adopt artificial accelerated corrosion test to simulate the seawater corrosive environment in continuous immersion zone and tidal zone and carry out accelerated corrosion for the concrete bars. Add NaCl whose cement content is 1%, 5% and 7% respectively in the concrete specimen to improve the chloride ion content in the system and simulate the strong corrosion environment. This thesis examines the corrosion influence of chloride ion penetration on the ordinary bars and hot-dip steel bars. It also assesses the corrosion protection efficiency for hot dip galvanized reinforcement (HDGR) by half cell method and analyzes the test results.
Sol-Gel Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Co Doped Nano-TiO2
Authors: Meng Li Na , Xu Wen Yuan , Xu Ting
Published: December 2010

Co doped TiO2 nanoparticles and thin films were prepared from Ti(OC4H9)4 by sol-gel method. The influence of Co-doping and its content on the crystallite structure and phase composition of TiO2 was systematically investigated by SEM and XRD, the precursor was analysed by TGA. The photocatalytic activity of nanocomposites was investigated in the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. The results indicated that the inhibitory effect of Co-doping on the phase transformation of TiO2 from anatase to rutile receded obviously when the calcination temperature was changed to 650°C from 550°C. Under the ultraviolet light radiation, the favourite Co-doping concentration was 1% and the obtained Co doped TiO2 thin films exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than nanoparticles and pure TiO2 in the photodegradation of methyl orange.
On the Testing Strength Curve of Clay and Fly Ash Lightweight Aggregate Concrete by Rebound Method
Authors: Gao Li Xiong , Kong Li Juan , Xu Lei
Published: December 2010

Testing strength curve of 1400~1900 density grade and LC15~LC50 strength grade lightweight aggregate concrete by rebound method was studied systematically. Results show that, adopting the Chinese national unified testing strength curve, specified by JGJ/T 23-2001 of Technical Specification for Detection of Concrete Compressive Strength by Rebound Method, to detect the lightweight aggregate concrete strength, the strength scaled value obtained is higher, which would reduce the structure assurance coefficient. The special testing strength curve of 1400~1900 density grade and LC15~LC50 strength grade lightweight aggregate concrete were built, and the computed mean relative error and relative standard error are less than 12.0% and 14.0% respectively, meet the error requirement of special curve that specified by JGJ/T 23-2001 of Technical Specification for Detection of Concrete Compressive Strength by Rebound Method.
Influence of Protective Layer Thickness on the Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Concrete Beam
Authors: Li Wei Hong , Ma Feng Hai
Published: December 2010

In this paper, MFPA (Material Failure Process Analysis) is utilized to simulate the failure process of reinforced concrete member under the situation of four-point bending. The influence which protective layer thickness does on the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete beam is mainly studied. Results indicate that the increase of the protective layer thickness will reduce the sectional effective height of the beam, which decrease the bearing capacity of the member either. Therefore, choosing the protective layer thickness properly will make the member having preferable properties. In this study, what also be found is that generally it is more reasonable when protective layer is within 90 mm. However, it is necessary for the protective layer thickness to be confirmed by relevant specifications and standards on the premise above.
Seebeck Effect in Graphite-Carbon Fiber Cement Based Composite
Authors: Cao Hai Yong , Yao Wu , Qin Jun Jie
Published: December 2010

The Seebeck effect in carbon fiber reinforced cement-based composite (CFRC) is of interest because it enables the cement-based materials to sense its own temperature without attached or embedded sensor. In this study, the Seebeck coefficient of CFRC and graphite-carbon fiber cement based composite were measured. Results show that the addition of graphite can enhance the Seebeck effect of CFRC. When graphite content is 10wt. %, all types of CFRC show P-type because the hole contribution from carbon fiber dominates the Seebeck effect. When the graphite content is 20wt. %, the change of thermoelectric power (TEP) from positive to negative occurs with the increasing of graphite to carbon fiber ratio (≥25). This phenomenon indicates that compensation takes place between electron contribution from graphite and hole contribution from carbon fiber. At a high graphite content (30wt. %), CFRC shows N-type above a certain temperature difference (20-25°C) since the electrons from graphite dominate the Seebeck effect.
Temperature Prediction in the System K2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5
Authors: Zhan Jing , Zeng Xiong Feng , Zhang Wen Li
Published: December 2010

The composition of bone porcelain body belongs to the system K2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5. According to the principles of experimental design of regression analysis method, the corresponding sintering temperature of a series of different composition can be measured. Based on XRD analysis and sintering theory and multivariate nonlinear regression analysis relationship of sintering temperature and the components is established by introducing P2O5/CaO, SiO2/Al2O3 and RO/R2O as independent variables. The regression equation that studies the relation can be obtained by using Matlab 2008a’s regression statistics toolbox and Spss software, which can not only assure the quantitative relation between sintering temperature and the components of bone porcelain, but also forecast the sintering temperature of bone porcelain.
Improved Settling Height Method for Characterizing the Stability of Suspension
Authors: Chang Qi Bing , Wang Xia , Zhou Jian Er , Wang Yong Qing
Published: December 2010

Traditional settling height method is used to characterize the stability of suspension by the height of sedimentation when suspension is placed undisturbed for some time. However, for the semi-stable suspension with solid loading in the range of 0.1%~30%, it hardly to differentiate the boundary between the liquid and the suspension. In this work, the settling height method is improved that the deflection of average solid loading in the equidistant portions following the settlement direction is used to characterize the stability of suspension. The equipment was improved to achieve the suspension without the disturbance. And the solid loading of each layer is measured by weighing when it was kept undisturbed for some time. Semi quantitative data can be obtained by the improved settling height method that contributes to estimate the stabilization of the suspension, especially the slight unstable suspension. The improved method contributes to decrease the deflection between the data achieved by different researchers.
Nanoindentation Characterization of Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate with Different Curing Conditions
Authors: Song Dan , Yao Wu , Liang Kang , He Li
Published: December 2010

The calcium-silicate-hydrate(C-S-H) existing in cement-based materials has been focused on for a long time, however, the nanometer-scale properties are rarely concerned, because of its complicated structure. In this paper we study the nanomechanical properties of C-S-H by nanoindentation measurement, particular attention is paid to the pastes cured for 2 days and 28 days, respectively, both at 20°C and 60°C. The results demonstrate in all cases the existence of two types of C-S-H with low stiffness and high stiffness. Also, the two types of C-S-H are of different characteristic modulus. The average modulus of each C-S-H is almost the same for all pastes tested, indicating that the heat curing process does not change the intrinsic mechanical properties of the C-S-H. However, the volumetric proportion of two types of CSH is changed at 60°C compared to that at 20°C at the early age.
Thermal Decomposition of Dolomite
Authors: Fang Qin Fang , Zhang Hong Wei , Guo Ying
Published: December 2010

Thermal decomposition of dolomite was investigated using DTA-TG and TEM. There have two obvious endothermic valley and the first one is narrow and sharp, the second endothermic valley is wide and flat. Between the two valley there is a temperature difference about 15-20°C and no decomposition in this region. Before the decomposition of dolomite some spherical particles formed on the surface of mineral grain. The first endothermic valley formed when these particles started to decompose, and the remaining material decomposed into the second endothermic valley.
Contribution of Green Jadeite-Jade’s Chroma Difference Based on CIE 1976 L*a*b* Uniform Color Space
Authors: Guo Ying , Zhang Jun , Mo Tao
Published: December 2010

The correlations between lightness and chroma, lightness difference and color difference, chroma difference and color difference were studied to evaluate the impact of lightness on color. Based on color difference formula CIE LAB in the uniform color space CIE L*a*b* it is learnt that H*ab of jadeite jade green colors has made little contribution to E*ab. Given the fact that human eyes are relatively sensitive to the color perception of lightness difference and that lightness and chroma affect each other, lightness of jadeites has been divided into two groups: while the lightness of green is relatively low (L*  19.52), lightness and chroma have positive linear correlation (correlation coefficient L*  C* = 0.971), which means the higher lightness the higher chroma and brings brighter green color; while L* > 19.52 , there is no one-to-one correspondence between lightness and chroma, and the highest chroma 77.64 can be reached when L* = 37.63. The high partial correlation coefficients L*ab  E*ab = 0.974 and C*ab  E*ab = 0.971 reveal that both L*ab and C*ab are not affected by the lightness of jadeite and are equally important to E*ab. It is concluded that the quality estimation of green color of Jadeite Jade should be primarily based on lightness which is the most intuitive factor and consistent with the color perception, and then followed by the evaluation of chroma and hue.
Analysis of Pore Structure on Carbon Powder of Hemp Straw
Authors: Meng Ling Xuan , Gao Jian Min , Ma Tian , Yan Zi Li
Published: December 2010

Reaction-formed silicon carbide (RF-SiC) ceramics can be prepared by melt Si-infiltration of the carbon preform which fabricated by casting of carbon powder of hemp straw. In order to make clear the pore structure of the carbon powder of hemp straw which affect the mechanical property of RF-SiC ceramics, the morphology and inherent pore structure of carbon powder of hemp straw were characterized with powder X-ray diffraction, laser diffraction size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption. The results indicated that some parts of interconnected macroporous and mesoporous structures of hemp straw still remained after carbonization and the RF-SiC ceramics with outstanding performance can be fabricated with this carbon powder by melt Si-infiltration of the porous preform
Effect of Brazing Process on Alumina/Carbon Steel Interface Microstructure and Joining Strength
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Xin Yang , Wei Shi Zhong , Ma Xiang Dong , Xu Liu Jie
Published: December 2010

Al2O3 ceramics and carbon steels were brazed using Cu-Ti active filler metal. The weld interface was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrometer and X-ray diffraction instrument. Effects of brazing temperature on interface microstructures and the shear strength of the joint were investigated. The results show that the optimum brazing process is brazing temperature of 1323K, holding 30 min. The brazed joints with good microstructure morphology and higher interface shear strength can be obtained under the optimum brazing process. Interface bonding zone consists of three layers: reaction layer close to the ceramic, brazing alloy layer and diffusion layer close to the steel. And Cu3Ti3O, TiFe and TiFe2 are confirmed to form in the interface bonding zone. The shear strength of the joint reaches 99MPa.
Computational Simulation of the Joint Shape after as-Reflowed Soldering
Authors: Zhang Ning , Tian Li , Shi Yao Wu , Lin Jian , Lei Yong Ping , Zhao Hai Yan
Published: December 2010

Using the interactive software, this study was mainly focused on developing a 3-D joint shape after the as-reflowed soldering which is the one of chief factors affecting the reliability. From the results, the soldering process can be simulated and observed directly. By changing the various conditions and constraints, such as surface tension, wetting angle and specific gravity, it makes a comparison between the simulated result and the experimental one. The simulated parameters are based on those of the traditional eutectic Sn-Pb solder. After slicing and comparing the different profiles of the simulated shape, the 3-D simulated geometry fits well with the experimental one.
Crystal Structure and Chemical Composition of BIMEVOX (ME=Mn)
Authors: Yu Xiao Hua , Gu Hong Xing , Shao Gang Qin , Wu Bo Lin , Ouyang Shi Xi , Li Xi Bao , Wang Jian
Published: December 2010

The Bi2MnxV1-xO5.5- powders were synthesized by high temperature melting method. The effect of Mn dopant concentration on the crystal structure and chemical composition was studied. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The chemical composition was tested by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Energy Disperse Spectroscopy (EDS). When x < 0.2 the Aurivillius structure solid solution coexisted with few BiVO4. When 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.3 the γ-phase Bi2MnxV1-xO5.5- solid solution with tetragonal structure formed and the maximum Mn atomic content was 2.14%. When x ≥ 0.4 the manganese oxide secondary phase appeared. And when x = 0.8 the Bi7VO13 structure solid solution formed while the Aurivillius structure disappeared.
Semi-Quantitative Characterization of Residual Stresses of Polycrystalline Diamond Compacts
Authors: Liu Fang , Fan Wen Jie , Zhou Chuan Xun
Published: December 2010

This paper shows the effects of the XRD experiments on the different residual stresses of polycrystalline diamond compacts by XRD. Analyzing these effects in terms of the principle that field phase takes place coherent and incoherent diffraction reaction with X-ray, and applying to the Conpton- Youxun Wu’s theory that scattering intensity increases with the increase of sin/. This paper builds a mathematic model of semi-quantitative characterization of the residual stresses of PDC. For the XRD spectral line chart of PDC with known ranking residual stresses, diffraction reaction fails to happen in PDC when it is in low-angular domain, I   can be expressed as: I = K() / + I0, that means the XRD spectral line can be regarded as a beeline. Calculating all the K() values of PDC with the same specification but with the different surface of residual stresses according to the formula, this paper completes the semi-quantitative characterization of residual stresses of PDC with the same specification.
Relationship between Backpressure and Light-Off Characteristic of the Three-Way Catalyst
Authors: He Xiao Kun , Hu Jin , Ji Yong Bo , Yang Wen Yong , Sun Jia Lin
Published: December 2010

The three-way catalyst with different cell shape substrates was prepared by the different washcoat loadings. Its catalyst’s light-off characteristics were investigated by the simulating calculation and the engine bench experiment. The experimental results showed that, heat transfer coefficient (Hs) couldn’t be improved by the increase of coating rate, in contrast heat transfer coefficient (Hs) and the catalytic conversion decreased when the coating rate was more than 45%. Therefore, it had some negative effects on the light-off characteristics and air-fuel ratio property. The calculation analyses and the engine bench experiment also proved that the best coating rate was 45% for the substrate of 400cpsi.
Analysis and Evaluation of the Comprehensive Property for Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (ALON) Ceramics
Authors: Niu Jin Ye , Chen Zhi Wei , Feng Liu
Published: December 2010

ALON ceramics with optimal mechanical and optical properties were obtained by cold isostatic pressing the as-prepared powders at 180 MPa and sintering at 1900°C under N2 atmosphere for 8h. Microstructures and IR transmittance of ALON prepared under different sintering conditions were studied systematically to discuss the effect of microstructures on mechanical properties and IR transmittance. In addition, IR spectra of transparent ALON test pieces in different thickness were collected. The results demonstrated that the bending strength decreased while IR transmittance increased with the increase of grain size of ALON ceramics; with the increase of thickness of ALON test piece, IR transmittance decreased and the scope of the decrease reduced with the increase of grain size of ALON ceramics.
Characterization of Silicon Carbide Films Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Meng Fan Tao , Du Shan Yi , Zhang Yu Min
Published: December 2010

Silicon carbide prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is one of the important candidate materials for space mirror and high-power mirror such as laser mirror, because of its superior performances such as low density, high melting point and homogeneity. In this paper, the SiC coatings were deposited on the substrates of reaction bonded silicon carbide (RB-SiC) by CVD process. Then, the morphologies of the deposits were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The crystalline phase of the as-deposited films was confirmed with X-ray diffractometry. And the adhesion between the CVD film and the substrate was rated with scraping method. As a result, the morphologies of the deposits, i.e. whiskers at 1050°C or films at 1100°C, are different from that of the substrate. And the mean diameter of the deposits at 1100°C is larger than that at 1050°C. Furthermore, the crystalline phase of the as-deposited film is determined as β-SiC and the adhesion is firm enough not to be peeled off with the scraping test.
Preparation and Characterization of Titanate Nanotubes by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Chen Zhong Sheng , Gong Wei Ping , Chen Teng Fei , Huang Guo Lin , Xu Wen Yuan
Published: December 2010

Titanate nanotubes (TNTs) were prepared by treatment of anatase-TiO2 nanoparticles in mild hydrothermal conditions. TNTs were characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-IR and BET specific surface area technique. It was found that nanotubes might be NaxH2-xTi3O7 and were formed during the hydrothermal process, rather than during the treatment process with acid solution. The formation mechanism of TNTs can be explained as 3D→2D→1D. After hydrothermally reacting at 130°C for 48h, the as-prepared products exhibit hollow nanotubes with open ends, more than 100 nm in length, 10 nm in outer diameters, large BET surface area and pore volume, which may lead to potential photocatalysis and absorption application.
Effect of Compact Density on the Combustion Synthesizing Silicon Nitride Crystals
Authors: Luo Shan Shan , Li Wen Kui , Zhuang Han Rui
Published: December 2010

This paper presents the results of synthesizing β-Si3N4 crystals with Y2O3 as additives by combustion synthesis. The effect of compact density on the final morphology was investigated. The results reveal that with the increasing of the compact density, the amount of rod-like crystals decreased. The growth mechanism of the β-Si3N4 crystals under the high temperature and high pressure is discussed.
Preparation and Characterization of La3+ Doped TiO2 Thin Films Derived by Innovative Ultrasonic-Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Xu Wen Yuan , Yang Chuo , Luo Ming Biao , Meng Li Na , Huang Guo Lin
Published: December 2010

La3+ doped TiO2 films were prepared through innovative ultrasonic-sol-gel method. The cavitation effect of ultrasound could contribute to grain refinement and uniform dispersion. The composition, structure and performance of the obtained material were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and UV-vis. Our results indicate that La3+ doping could prohibit the phase transformation of TiO2 (i.e., from anatase to rutile) and increase phase-transition temperature and restrain grain growth. The crystalling phase composition of La3+ doped TiO2 films is anatase, and the particle size is from 6 to 17 nm. In addition, La3+ doping can bring the red shift of the optical absorption edge of TiO2, and the degree of red shift increases with the increase of La3+ doping amounts and decreases with the increase of temperature. Thin film thickness is found to be 70-80nm with a smooth surface.
Effect of Nanometer Far-Infrared Materials on the Cleanability of Ceramic Glazes
Authors: Wang Li Juan , Liang Jin Sheng , Xu Wen Bo , Han Dao Yang
Published: December 2010

Nanometer far-infrared materials (NFIM) were doped into ceramic glazes to prepare easy-to-clean ceramic glazes，and the effect of NFIM on the cleanability properties was investigated. Static contact angle measurements were used to describe the surface hydrophilic property and calculate the surface free energy. The effect of far-infrared radiance measured by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer on the O/W interface tension was tested by a Dynamic Contact Angle Meter and Tensiometer. The cleanability was estimated by the ultraviolet spectrophotometry technique using oleic acid as soiling agent. It was shown that the better cleanability of the ceramic glazes, the higher surface free energy and its polar contribution. The experiments were carried out on detachment of oleic acid drop from the easy-to-clean ceramic glazes. The three-phase contact line shrinked spontaneously, and eventually the oil drop detached from the surface. The spontaneous detachment of a drop corresponded to two different driving factors: (1) the decrease of oil-water interfacial tension caused by the far-infrared radiation of the glazes, (2) the spontaneous advancement of aqueous meniscus owing to the penetration of water between the oil and super hydrophilic glaze surfaces.
Electric Dipole Characteristics of Mineral Tourmaline Superfine Powders and its Properties of Far Infrared Emission
Authors: Han Li Jun , Meng Jun Ping , Liang Jin Sheng , Gan Kun , Ding Yan , Yuan You De
Published: December 2010

According to the hypothesis that the tourmaline particle is composed of crystal electric dipoles, the far infrared emission and its vibration frequency of the natural black tourmaline superfine powders were researched. The behavior of the electric dipole in the ground and excitation states was calculated. It was found that there is a relationship between infrared absorption spectra and the microscopic D-value of electric dipole moment. The high far infrared emissivity of tourmaline was ascribed to the coherent light created by stimulated emission between different excitation states of electric dipole.
Electrodialysis Production of Hypophosphorous Acid with Ti-PbO2 Anode
Authors: Guo Ai Hong , Tang Xue Jiao , Zhang Bao Gui
Published: December 2010

It is a method of preparing hypophosphorous acid with electrodialysis. It comprises Ti-PbO2 anode, an insoluble cathode and an aqueous solution of hypophosphite anions in six-compartment electrolytic cell. The direct current, through the insoluble anode to cathode in electrical contact with the aqueous solution to generate H+, forms hypophosphorous acid solution. In this paper, the best term of different factors about the experiment was studied. The best condition was to keep the NaH2PO2 concentration between 300 and 500g/L, current value 3.0A, reaction time 12-18 h. The process is simple, low cost and highly efficient, which is a cleaner production without waste residue and waste water.
Enhanced Coagulation on Micro-Polluted Raw Water by Attapulgite Clay and PAC Combination Process
Authors: Han Hong , Gu Xu , Jiang Jin Long , Li Dong , Wang Wen
Published: December 2010

Attapulgite clay and Poly aluminum chloride (PAC) combination process was adopted for enhanced coagulation on micro-polluted raw water, TOC and NH3-N served as water quality indexes. Results showed that, when the dosage of PAC was 15 mg/L and the dosage of attapulgite clay after 350 °C heat modification was 200 mg/L, the removal rates of TOC and NH3-N reached 82.5% and 75.3% respectively under optimal cogulation conditions, which increased by 72.2% and 230.3% respectively compared with traditional PAC process, and spared 1/4 of PAC dosage. Attapulgite clay and PAC enhenced process reflected advantages of low cost, easy handling, high removal rate, accelerated settlement, sludge reduction, less residual aluminium, chemical and biological safety, and so on. Its application in water supply treatment field was in good prospect.
Enhancement of Electrochemical Performance of Li4Ti5O12/C Composite Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Wang Li , Shan Yu , Zhang Zong Lin , Liang Guang Chuan , Ou Xiu Qin
Published: December 2010

Phase pure Li4Ti5O12/C composite was synthesized by sol-gel method using lithium acetate CH3COOLi•2H2O and tetrabutyl titanate [Ti(OC4H9)4] as starting materials, oxalic acid as chelating agent and sucrose as an additional carbon source. The as-prepared samples were characterized by means of TG-DTA, XRD and SEM. The electrochemical properties were investigated in terms of constant-current charge/discharge cycling and high-rate dischargeability. SEM analysis indicated that the prepared Li4Ti5O12/C composite using sucrose and oxalic acid as carbon source showed a spongy nano-particle aggregate structure, with average nano-particle size of 80-100 nm. Electrochemical results showed that the Li4Ti5O12/C composite prepared in the presence of sucrose exhibited better electrochemical performance with specific discharge capacities of 204.7, 171.6, 155.3 and 154.6 mAh/g at 0.2C, 1C, 2C, and 5C rates, respectively. And the discharge capacity could still reach 143.9mAh/g after 80 cycles at 1C rate, exhibiting excellent cycling performance.
Influence of Tourmaline on Saturation Vapor Pressure of Water
Authors: Han Yi Lin , Liang Jin Sheng , Meng Jun Ping , Wang Pei Peng , Mu Xi
Published: December 2010

Elbaite powders were roasted for 2 h at different temperatures from 300 to 950°C, and the effect on saturation vapor pressure of water was studied. The tourmaline’s phase structure and infrared radiation property were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and the influence mechanism of tourmaline on the saturated vapor pressure of water was discussed. The results showed that the saturation vapor pressure of treated water increased 6.55, 5.04, 1.19 and 5.14% after tourmaline was roasted at 300°C , 350°C, 650°C and 950°C, respectively. The pressure decreased 3.50% after roasted at 800°C, suggesting that the infrared radiation property of tourmaline was an important factor influencing the saturated vapor pressure of water.
Influence of Rare Earth Materials on pH Value and Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) of Drinking Water
Authors: Huang Li Rong , Chen Yu Hang
Published: December 2010

Drinking water needs to retain all minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium to make body balance. It is such minerals that makes drinking water weakly alkaline. The pH value of drinking water between 7.2 and 8.0 is the best. The ion material can improve pH value and ORP of drinking water which is processed from a variety of natural polarity mineral materials and multi-functional healthy ceramic material.
Kinetics of LiFePO4 Cathode Material Prepared by Carbothermal Reduction Method
Authors: Jie Xiao Fei , Liang Guang Chuan , Wang Li , Zhi Xiao Ke , Gao Li Min
Published: December 2010

The kinetic parameters of each stage of LiFePO4 material prepared by carbothermal reduction method were calculated using the Doyle-Ozawa and Kissinger methods. The results showed that the final maximum activation energy of LiFePO4 material was 189.26kJ/mol. The peak shape index, response factor, frequency factor and rate equation of each stage were calculated using the Kissinger methods.
Mechanism and Performance Analysis of Easy-Cleaning Ceramics
Authors: Tang Qing Guo , Wang Li Juan , Li Ji Yuan , Liang Xiu Hong
Published: December 2010

Developing easy cleaning and antibacterial ceramics is the key to actualize the ceramics with functionalized, high-quality and band established in china. This paper which combined with research status from home and broad analysed the performance influence of ceramic glaze with different processing methods and discussed the way and methods which can improve the quality of ceramics.
Modification of Natural Clinoptilolite and its Uptake of NH4+
Authors: Ji Zhi Yong , Yuan Jun Sheng , Su Min
Published: December 2010

Natural clinoptilolite collected from Chicheng of Hebei province in China, was treated with physical modification using sodium/ammonium salts, chemical modification using NaOH or NaAlO2, and physicochemical modification using NaOH or NaAlO2 and NaCl in order, respectively. And its adsorption capacity of NH4+ in different conditions was investigated. The results show that modified clinoptilolite has the same crystal structure, and the clinoptilolite modified with NaOH or NaAlO2 has good uptake of ammonia ion; the concentration of NaAlO2 has apparent influence on the removal of ammonia nitrogen, and the perfect concentration is 0.1 mol/L and the uptake could reach 0.92 mmol/g in the 100 mg/L NH4+ solution; the existence of K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+ decreases the uptake of ammonia ion on clinoptilolite modified with 0.1 mol/L NaAlO2.
Phenol Degradation in the System of H2O2/Porous Tourmaline Composite Materials
Authors: Li Can , Ding Yan , Meng Jun Ping , Zhao Li Fang
Published: December 2010

Porous tourmaline composite material (PTCM) was prepared mainly by schorl and used to catalyze hydrogen peroxide for the removal of phenol. The optimum reaction conditions were determined by testing the phenol removal rate under the conditions of different initial phenol concentration, hydrogen peroxide dosage, PTCM dosage and temperature. The reaction activation energy was calculated to be 32.148KJ/mol, indicating that PTCM showed good effect on catalyzing hydrogen peroxide, phenol could be degraded quickly and the removal rate could reach 97%. The mechanism of the system was the Fenton-like reaction
Preparation and Properties of Expanded Vermiculite/Gypsum Thermal Insulation Boards
Authors: Xi Yong Guang , Peng Tong Jiang , Liu Hai Feng , Chen Ji Ming
Published: December 2010

In this paper, thermal insulation boards comprising expanded vermiculite and gypsum were manufactured by casting and compression molding methods respectively. The effects of flake size and preparation methods of expanded vermiculite (EV), ratio of calcined gypsum/EV and molding methods on thermal and mechanical properties were discussed. The results indicated that the thermal conductivity (λ) and compressive strength of the boards decreased with the increase of flake size, and increased as the ratio of calcined gypsum/EV rose, and the density of the boards increased linearly with the increasing ratio. Compared to compression molding, casting technique can make insulating materials with higher thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and lower water content. The boards containing EV expanded by microwave chemical method presented a better thermal insulating property (λ=0.091W•m-1•K-1) relative to the ones filled with microwave exfoliated EV (λ=0.107W•m-1•K-1). The prepared materials can be used for heat, acoustical insulation and moisture adjustment.
Preparation and Properties of Zn2+/Diatomite Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Liang Ning , Ding Hao , Hu Yong Teng , Wang Bai Kun
Published: December 2010

. Zn2+/diatomite antibacterial agent was prepared by diatomite loading and solidifying Zn2+ in its holes through ion exchange and heat treatment at high temperature. Influencing factors on its preparation were discussed. Antibacterial property and durability were characterized by measuring the diameters of inhibition rings and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Whiteness and antibacterial property of the paint filling it were also tested. The results show that the agent has excellent antibacterial property and durability. The diameters of inhibition rings are larger than 10 mm even after 7 days. MIC is 312 g/mL and it is still low enough after durability test. The paint adding only 0.5% of it also has good antibacterial property while declining the whiteness slightly.