bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Elderly Hypertensive Patients Regarding Dash Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) For Controlling Blood Pressure at Teaching Hospital Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Afzal Rukhmah , Asim Amin Muhammad , Batool Anum , Aziz Zunaira , Ozigi Abdullai Kabir
Published: February 2023

Objective: To assess knowledge of Elderly Hypertensive Patients Regarding Dash (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) Diet for controlling Blood Pressure at Teaching Hospital Lahore. Methods: This descriptive cross section study was conducted at University of Lahore Teaching Hospital Lahore, Lahore Pakistan. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire, question related to DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. Structured questionnaire was administered to the patients to collect data for assessing knowledge regarding DASH diet of elderly hypertensive patients. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive as well as inferential statistics using SPSS software (22). The descriptive analysis was performed by using frequencies and percentages. Results: Most of the patients who are diagnosed with hypertension are above the age of 50. People who are graduates have good knowledge instead of illiterate and primary educated people. Majority of the people have very poor knowledge regarding DASH diet and only fewer people have knowledge about the Dash diet. Some people have good knowledge about the meaning of hypertension but very poor knowledge about the use of fresh fruits and vegetables in their diet. Conclusion: It is concluded that elderly hypertensive patients have inadequate knowledge about DASH diet but a very few patients who are graduated know about the DASH diet.
Analysis of a Health Care Delivery System of Pakistan and Canada
Authors: Ghafoor Yasmeen , Ghafoor Samreena , Bilal Awais
Published: February 2023

Health care is an important sector of any country as it is related with public health. This article compares the healthcare delivery systems of two countries, Pakistan and Canada, with the aim of identifying similarities and differences and making recommendations for improvement. The study was conducted using a comparative approach, examining the healthcare systems' structures, policies, processes, and outcomes. The findings suggest that while both countries have strengths and weaknesses in their healthcare delivery systems, Canada's system is more comprehensive, with a higher level of access, quality, and equity. The study highlights the need for Pakistan to improve its healthcare system by increasing the availability of resources, strengthening the healthcare infrastructure, and ensuring the quality of care. The authors also suggest that Canada can improve its system by focusing on reducing healthcare costs, improving the efficiency of its system, and increasing access to care. This article provides valuable insights into the healthcare delivery systems of both countries and serves as a reference for policymakers and healthcare professionals seeking to improve the health outcomes of their populations.
Knowledge Attitude and Practice Factors on Parents Regarding Immunization
Authors: Shahzadi Alina , Saddique Humaira , Tasneem Kousar Syeda , Jabeen Rubina , . Kalim Ullah
Published: February 2023

Immunization is a process by which people get immunity against infectious diseases. Objective: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Factors of parents regarding immunization. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional research study design was used to assess “knowledge, attitude and practice factors of parents regarding immunization” conducted among 134 people at EPI center of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The population was targeted through convenient sampling technique. Results: The overall result of study shown that parents having good knowledge (70.1%), positive attitude (83.6%) and good practice factors (59%), toward infant Immunization. Parent of child had good knowledge and positive attitude about infant immunization. Immunization was significantly associated with people education. The Cronbach alpha, Bartlett’s and KMO values have been checked to ensure the validity and reliability in our context. The values showed that positive and significant results and tool were considered as reliable and valid for performing statistical analysis. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the most of the participants have good knowledge and positive attitude towards the immunization, but still the one third population having the poor knowledge and negative attitude toward immunization due to the lack of knowledge and religious beliefs about the immunization were reported as the major barriers towards the immunization. The study results showed that health related practice factors were appropriate as health care worker who were daily at EPI center and give significant guidance to the parents.
A TECNOLOGIA E SEUS BENEFÍCIOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DOS PROCESSOS: O USO DE SOFTAWARE DE SIMULAÇÃO NUMÉRICA NO SETOR DE FUNDIÇÃO DE UMA GRANDE EMPRESA AGROINDUSTRIAL
Authors: Moreira Leandro Gabriel , Hermosilla José Luis Garcia , Pacheco Bruna Cristine Scarduelli
Published: February 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os benefícios da utilização da tecnologia de simulação numérica em um processo de fundição, destacando os aspectos relacionados a qualidade do produto e a eficiência do processo produtivo. A pesquisa de natureza aplicada usou a simulação de um caso real em uma empresa de fundição do interior do estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória, que demonstrou a potencialidade do uso do recurso computacional (software) de simulação numérica, inspire cast, frente ao processo tradicional de desenvolvimento de processos de fundição, com foco nos aspectos qualidade e eficiência do processo. O uso do software para simulação das condições de produção na área de fundição revelou ser de grande utilidade tanto para a melhoria da qualidade dos produtos quanto para o aumento da eficiência metálica do processo, que teve um aumento no rendimento metalúrgico de 56% para 75%. Além da redução significativa dos tempos de planejamento e desenvolvimento dos moldes, modelos que eram esculpidos em madeira para criação das matrizes, são impressos em impressoras 3D, com modelos vindos diretamente do software.
The Comparison of Aggressive Driving Behavior between Pakistan and China Based on Driver Behavior Questionnaire
Authors: Murtaza Muhammad , Zhang Jinxi , Rehman Mehtab Ur , Iqbal Kamran
Published: February 2023

Aggressive Driving behavior plays a key role in road safety as it is important in road traffic accident prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the aggressive driving behavior attitude towards road safety issues in Pakistan and china and the applicability of three-factor structure (aggressive violations, ordinary violations and errors) of both version of driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ). T-test was conducted to evaluate significant differences and it exposed that Chinese sample is more significant. Confirmatory factor analysis was tested and calculated on both samples. Chinese samples fit the CFA statistics models best as compared to Pakistani sample. Additionally, Pakistan drivers especially the younger drivers were mostly engaged in aggression and errors, while Chinese drivers appeared more disciplined and rule followers.
Dairy Farming Technologies and Tharparkar Native Cattle Breed Imrovement for High Fat-Quality-Milk Yield
Authors: Singh Om , Tomar A. K. S. , Singh Ayushi
Published: February 2023

The opening balance of Tharparkar cattle as on 01.04.2011 was 154 heads (30 males and 124 females). The M:F ratio of new calvings was 1.00:0.95. The closing balance of the Tharparkar cattle herd as on 31.03.2012 was 98 cattle heads (15 males and 83 females). The overall mortality percent in Tharparkar herd was 4.62%. The overall conception rate in Tharparkar herd was 64.78%. The figures in heifer and adult groups were 63.63 and 65.30%, respectively. The overall calving abnormalities were 34.15%, which included 7.32% abortions, 2.44% unseen abortinos, 7.32 retained placenta, 2.44% premature births, 9.76% prolapses and 4.88% still first calving, service period, dry period and calving, service period, dry period and calving interval were 1056.67±90.22, 230.34±20.63, 292.05±118.36 and 472.46±28.95 days, respectively.Tharparkar cattle produced 21679 kg milk during the current year. Means for overall wet and herd averages were 3.39 and 1.48 kg, respectively. On the basis of analysis of 384 milk samples, the overall Fat, SNF and Total Solids were 4.34, 8.77 and 13.12% respectively.The least squares’ means (LSM) for overall live body weights at birth, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age were 21.27±0.48, 56.18±2.33, 108.52±3.27, 171.34±7.77, 230.79±2.56 and 260.06±3.98 kg, respectively. The opening balance as on 01/04/2010 was 143 heads (23 males and 120 females). The Tharparkar produced 38,001 kg milk during current yearwhich was 1,546 kg more than that of previous year (36,455.0 kg). Means for overall wet and herd averages were 3.86 and 1.50 kg, respectively, under suckling system. On an average, 28.25 of total adult females were in the milk during the year, 2010-11. On the basis of 574 milk samples the overall fat, SNF, and total solids % were 4.52, 8.84 and 13.36, respectively.
Selecting a Mediator
Authors: Brink Martin
Published: February 2023

Selecting a Mediator

Parties considering the use of mediation will want to know who to engage as a mediator; who qualifies best to help them find a solution in the particular situation at hand; what makes a good mediator; and how to select the right mediator for the job.
De Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration
Authors: Eijsbouts Jan
Published: February 2023

The Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration

The Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration have been drafted by a working group chaired by Prof. Bruno Simma, former Justice in the ICJ, to offer an international private-judicial alternative in anticipation of a full-fledged system of judicial remedies to complement human rights due diligence as embodied in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). The author discusses the underlying principles of the Hague Rules, and the challenges the working group had to face such as the power imbalance between parties, and the special requirements to be met by arbitrators. The relationship with mediation is also touched upon.
The future regulation of third-party funding in Europe
Authors: Cordina Adrian , Storskrubb Eva
Published: February 2023

The future regulation of third-party funding in Europe

The right of access to civil justice continues to be constrained by the cost, complexity and delays of litigation and the decline in public legal aid. Private litigation funding methods like third-party litigation funding (TPLF) have been developing in Europe and other jurisdictions as a result of these challenges. The debate on whether and to what extent TPLF should be regulated has also been gathering pace. On the one hand, proponents of TPLF argue that it facilitates access to civil justice whilst, on the other hand, critics of TPLF say that there may be risks of abuse. These issues were critically discussed at the conference ‘The Future Regulation of Third-Party Funding in Europe’ held on the 22 June 2022, concluding the online seminar series on ‘Trends and Challenges in Costs and Funding of Civil Justice’ organised by the Vici team at Erasmus School of Law.
Identifying Managerial Awareness Level on Negotiation and Conflict Resolution in Nepalese Banking Sectors: Descriptive Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Kayastha Neha , Devkota Niranjan , Kumar Sushanta , Koirala Ranjana , Raj Udaya , Parajuli Seeprata
Published: February 2023

These days conflict resolution and negotiation seem to be tough and challenging tasks for managerial-level employees. Conflict with various stakeholders in the banking industry can be considered a major aspect. The study employs a descriptive data analysis procedure that covers a sample of 267 managerial-level staff. The purpose of this study is to identify the managerial awareness level of negotiation and conflict resolution in Nepalese banking sectors. The results of the study illustrated that managerial levels at commercial banks in Kathmandu Valley have high (86.14%) negotiation skills. Also, 67.16% of managers in the banking sector focus on maintaining a good relationship with another party while trying to resolve conflict through negotiation. Managerial employees even agreed that they faced challenges in the process of negotiation and conflict resolution. One of the major challenges is the lack of timing among the employees at commercial banks, due to which proper negotiation rarely takes place.
Revitalizing a Shelter Volunteer Program in the Wake of the Pandemic
Authors: Reilly John
Published: February 2023

Animal shelters were significantly impacted by the covid-19 pandemic in 2020. Among other issues, lockdowns meant that animal shelters could no longer rely on their volunteers in the same way. As communities begin to reopen and shelters start to recover, they must find ways to restore their volunteer program. This article discusses how one facility, The Potter League for Animals in Rhode Island, is meeting that challenge.
Teacher's Role in Developing Students' Characteristics in TPQ Nurul Yaqin Purwakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Siti Maesaroh  , Imam Tabroni  , Lala Marlina  , Yeyen Akasah
Published: February 2023

Education is very important in building a good civilization, one of the things that must be considered is the role of teachers in improving students' morals so that in every behavior they have good religious values. Becoming a believer, pious and having noble character, education is not just transferring knowledge, more than that, students are expected to have behaviors that are practiced in their lives. In addition, the role of parents is also very supportive because the family is the main part in shaping the behavior and manners of children. In this study, the problem found was that there were children who made mistakes but did not want to admit such as hitting their friends and learning to apologize when they made mistakes that were difficult for children to do. The role of the TPQ 1st grade teacher, Nurul Yaqin, always relates each lesson to giving advice and providing good examples to students with the aim of improving and fostering their manners and morals. The purpose of this study was to describe the teacher's role in improving the etiquette and morals of grade 1 TPQ students in order to create children with noble character for the creation of an Islamic generation, and what factors support or hinder the development of students' manners and morals. The method used in the research uses descriptive qualitative methods to describe or clearly describe the research conducted.
Ummi Method in Early Children Learning The Qur`an
Authors: Gina Aulia  , Fitra Fadilah  , Imam Tabroni  , Miftahul Fauzan
Published: February 2023

This study aims to find out how to apply the Ummi method in the Perum Citarum Bekasi area to early childhood. The research method used is qualitative because the data is of a value nature and requires data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation about the implementation of the Ummi method and the effectiveness of the method. Data analysis is done using triangulation. The results of the study stated that early childhood really likes learning the Qur'an using this method. This method is applied by the teacher slowly, lovingly, not giving sanctions, and is guiding until one can read the Qur'an properly and correctly. Parents who have busy work cannot provide meaningful learning of the Qur'an. This type of parents tend to leave the process of learning the Qur'an to other people such as ustadz and ustadzah. Meanwhile, parents who do not have a profession outside the home, especially mothers, are divided into two. First, for those who know the importance of learning the Qur'an using the Ummi method, they carry it out with full responsibility while the other type who do not understand learning the Qur'an using the Ummi method tend to be indifferent to their children.
Increasing Motivation and Learning Achievement of Fiqh Through the STAD Type Cooperative Learning Model
Authors: Novi Rasanti  , Imam Tabroni  , Suprianto  , Dian Wahyuni
Published: February 2023

Achievement of learning objectives cannot be separated from the role of a teacher. Teachers should be a motivator for their students, so that their potential is fully realized developed. Teachers should be able to create a classroom climate that is conducive to learning materials proposed for creative teachers will be able to manage the class that student achievement can be optimized. This study aims to determine how to improve students' motivation and achievement through cooperative learning models of STAD (Student Team Achievement Division). This research is a classroom action research. The subjects were students of class Student MA Al-Asy-ary Purwakart a in the academic year 2022/2023. The results of this study showed an increase learning motivation significantly.
Juridical Review of the Settlement of Khalwat Cases by the Adat Courts in Aceh
Authors: Jalaluddin
Published: February 2023

Progressive law enforcement in the settlement of cases in Indonesia can be found in law enforcement in Aceh, namely through the stipulation of the Governor of Aceh Regulation Number 9 of 2008 concerning Fostering Traditional Life and Customs. There are 18 cases/disputes that are the scope of handling, including Khalwat. Various efforts have been made to absorb the law that lives in society, none other than to achieve the goal of law in orderly society. Conceptions of law that conflict with the diversity of society can be seen as a failure to implement effective and efficient law. The competence of a decision-making official is a separate issue to pay attention to. Likewise the mechanism is implemented with good intentions, but whether it will have a good impact cannot be generalized in general. Given the competencies and insights that depart from different understandings, this can have a significant impact on the decisions taken. The role of community leaders as customary judges is a dilemmatic issue in law enforcement related to khalwat. The point of view of khalwat acts that are not only about violating the law, but also about moral violations is an important issue that must be properly processed.
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW REQUIREMENTS ACCORDING TO BULGARIAN WATER LAW
Authors: Shopova Donka , Nitcheva Olga
Published: February 2023

To maintain enough water in the river for ecosystems protection and river bed sanitation, water have to be allocated to ecosystems, as it is allocated to other users like domestic use and industry, agriculture and power generation. Water distribution is critical in dry periods. This requires proper determination of environmental flow (river ecosystem minimum permissible flow) by hydrology-based assessment methods. The purpose of this paper is to compare selected hydrological methods and to define the scientifically acceptable way to determine environmental flow within a section after the dam of some reservoirs in Bulgaria. As well as some critical reaches of the river network are determined where the necessary living environment for water communities is not provided. Here environmental flow is calculated using conventional hydrological methods: flow duration curve, the Q10% (average multiannual discharge) method and Q95% (yearly minimum monthly mean discharge with a 95% probability of occurrence) method, which are highlighted according to Bulgarian Water Law. In conclusion, the Q10% and Q95% methods allow obtaining environmental flow regimes on a monthly basis capable of adapting to the hydrological variability of the natural regime. The requirements and methods presented in the paper can be applied in the water management legislative process.
IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF FLOOD-SUSCEPTIBLE AREAS IN THE ILI?UA CATCHMENT, ROMANIA, USING A VULNERABILITY INDEX
Authors: Ajtai Iulia , Botezan Camelia , Radovici Andrei , Pintea Ioana Cristina , Baciu Calin
Published: February 2023

In recent years, the growing impact of flood events on society, economy and environment, has increased the need for early prevention and mitigation measures. The prediction of future flooding areas represents an important tool that can reduce the magnitude of consequences, by identifying and mapping the flood prone-areas. The intensity and extension of floods depends on various contributing parameters, such as hydrometeorological and geomorphological indicators, land use, anthropic activities. Therefore, by analysing these parameters and the interaction between them, the areas susceptible to floods can be identified and flood impact mitigation measures can be applied. The purpose of this paper is to delineate the flood prone-areas for Ili?ua catchment, Romania, and to develop a flood susceptibility map by integrating GIS tools and geospatial techniques. A flood vulnerability index method was constructed based on 9 indicators influencing the flood hazard: elevation, slope, TWI (Topographic Wetness Index), rainfall, proximity to the river, land use, road density, population density, constructed areas density. The values of each indicator were ranked in 5 classes, based on their influence on flood probability. Furthermore, a weight was assigned to each indicator, depending on their contribution to the flood occurrence. This information is overlapped using GIS techniques in order to develop a flood susceptibility map for the study area, which was divided into five zones of susceptibility: very low, low, moderate, high and very high. The results showed that the applied method can provide reliable information regarding the flood prone-areas, the indicators with the most influence being the slope and TWI.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF WATER RESERVOIRS
Authors: Matchavariani Lia , Metreveli Giorgi , Gulashvili Zaza
Published: February 2023

The main purpose of the research was to create a comprehensive methodology to assess, predict and prevent the consequences of the negative impact of water-reservoirs on the environment, provide the safety of population and infrastructure; to find a way allowing jointly realize the interests of hydropower and coast protection. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: full-scale experiment, field-expedition surveys on operating reservoirs, informational analysis, mathematical methods of least squares, water-balance calculation, etc. New methods have been developed to determine the limiting volume of the accumulated sediment � silting prism (SP), the location of the equilibrium channel and hydrographic curves, echo-sounding, underwater relief planning, etc. The following activities were carried out in water objects of Georgia: instrumental monitoring of SP dynamics on active reservoirs and artificially created small hydro-objects; GIS analysis of the information base and archival materials; analysis of statistical series of observations. The mechanism of reservoirs sedimentation and spatial-temporal dynamics of the SP have been studied. The most effective way to minimize the negative consequences of sedimentation and increase hydropower efficiency is continually removed beach-forming materials from the reservoirs via the quarry system and fill degraded beaches with this material. The mechanisms of reservoirs' impact on climate and groundwater regime, population safety, and infrastructure were calculated, and their indicators and parameters were determined as a template. Criteria for selecting vulnerable areas of the seashore have been developed. Recommendation proposals have been developed for reservoir designers to select the site of their construction, type of regulation, and settlements� location.
POSSIBILITIES OF SEWAGE TREATMENT TEMPORARILY ACCUMULATED IN SUMPS
Authors: Hrudka Jaroslav , Wittmanova Reka , Stanko Stefan , Raczkova Andrea , Skultetyova Ivona
Published: February 2023

The inhabitants produce the sump waters and accumulate temporarily in the sumps. This is sewage that must be treated before it is discharged to surface waters. Slovak legislation does not allow the discharge of such waters into the soil. The possibilities of sump water treatment are given by the water management equipment of the given locality where sewage water is produced. The most common treatment method is transported at municipal wastewater treatment plants, which are, however, largely congested. In many cases, the sump water is no longer able to receive in WWTP. Another way is domestic wastewater treatment plants, and also they are wastewater treatment plants exclusively for sump waters. Sump waters have a predominantly high organic content and therefore their quality needs to be constantly monitored. The most important monitored characteristics of sump waters are COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD5 (Biological Oxygen Demand). The high concentration of these substances in the sump water can adversely affect the processes at the municipal wastewater treatment plant.
Due to the rapid development of rural settlements without a functioning sewerage system, it is necessary to intensify or adapt the existing wastewater treatment plants. However, many engineers see the solution to this problem in the construction of separate wastewater treatment plants for sump waters.
SOIL PROPERTIES OF PELLIC VERTISOLS UNDER CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC FARMING FROM SOUTHERN BULGARIA
Authors: Nenov Martin , Dimitrov Emil , Shishkov Toma
Published: February 2023

The paper deals with statistical analyses of data on soil properties of Pellic Vertisols selected from the eastern as well western part of the Upper Thracian Lowland, in Southern Bulgaria. Based on the survey in 2019, 2020 and 2021 at conventional and organic farming the data was processed using the statistical package Statgraphics (Anova). Soil textural class was the same a light to heavy clay and the total porosity was low. Natural variability of soils was due to imposed local separateness of organic farming from conventional. None of the studied soil parameters have statistically significant difference by the depth of sampling. Mean pH(H2O) value varied per year of survey, which could be due to a different factors. Available forms of nutrients N, P and K have varied with statistically significant difference per year of survey also. Generally the mean pH(H2O) values were higher at conventional farming nearby Chirpan town. Positive trend was increasing of pH(H2O) in organic farming. The humus content was not affected by the farming system. Negative trend was decreasing of humus content over the years. The mean values on available phosphorus P2O5 and potassium K2O were higher at conventional farming; the available forms of mineral nitrogen were commensurate. The statistical processing of data showed that there was no statistically significant difference of main soil parameters in Pellic Vertisols under conventional and organic farming nearby Karnobat town.
THE PEDOLOGICAL STUDY OF LANDS IN DUBOVA, MEHEDINTI COUNTY, ROMANIA
Authors: Duma Copcea Anisoara Claudia , Mateoc-Sirb Teodor , Mihut Casiana , Lato Karel Iaroslav , Mateoc-Sirb Nicoleta
Published: February 2023

The objective of this paper is the morphological characterization as well as the establishment of soil quality classes in the commune of Dubova, Mehedinti County, Romania. Soil is a primary component for plant production, although it is often considered only as a physical support for plant growth. However, the concerns of mankind over the sustainability of agriculture have made it possible to consider that soil is a living, high-quality system and should, therefore, be preserved. This is the result of several interactions between biological components, including microbial communities, essential for physical-chemical operation. Agricultural crops are threatened by diseases transmitted through the soil, making them difficult to control because of the �hidden� character of pathogens and low efficiency of conventional treatments. These practices greatly affect the quality of the soil, which, in turn, affects the state of crop quality. One of the goals of this paper is to show that, despite the age of the concept of soil quality and the existence of numerous studies, the application of soil quality recommendations would play an important role in crops. However, there is a certain methodology for obtaining soil quality indices that could be suggested in this paper, a methodology based and developed on the basis of previously conducted research in the field. Under current conditions, highlighted by an intensification of globalization processes, sustainable development brings together the main economic and social factors to meet the present needs of mankind without compromising those of future generations.
CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITION FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Tulbure Ildiko , Berca Marius , Salcudean Mircea
Published: February 2023

The vision of succeeding in shaping sustainable cities is representing a fascinating matter, but a challenging one. This provoking issue is including several tasks, among others connected to available possibilities for assuring needed energy supply with minimum environmental impacts. Humanity innovative thinking way has always been driving the field of shaping more efficient energy supply systems with less environmental impacts, being always a debate regarding available energy resources. Conventional energy supply systems, especially based on fossil fuels, being since long applied on a global level, have demonstrated considerable impacts on environment, but also on society. Transition to clean energy resources is accordingly required as a base of succeeding in shaping sustainable cities. Renewable energy resources, as water, wind and solar one must be used in the future, a holistic analysis and assessment needed by Technology Assessment, simultaneously considering technical, economic, environmental, social, also political fields. To succeed assuring Sustainable Urban Development potential impacts of various developments must be analyzed and assessed. New innovative development strategies in energy field must be analyzed, as the newly adopted European Green Deal by the European Commission, what actually requires production processes with low environmental footprint, what is emphasized for a certain case in Romania, drawing corresponding conclusions.
CONVERSION OF WASTE INTO ENERGY
Authors: Zyder Vaclav , Pala Tomas , Mosova Daniela
Published: February 2023

Waste management is currently a priority for everyone. Everyone today focuses on reducing, reusing and recycling our waste. Nevertheless, the best solution is to recover energy from the rest of the waste. The reason is that this part is a sustainable part of the waste management chain, which makes it possible to produce valuable and renewable energy. This sector is among the cleanest in Europe by reducing emissions of pollutants from operations, which convert waste into energy, which is subject to the strictest regulations in the world. The aim of the proposed article is to evaluate the use of waste for energy use in the Czech Republic. Thermal decomposition of waste, the aim of which is to obtain energy, can be carried out in several ways. The facilities for energy utilization of solid alternative fuels from municipal waste include so-called multi-fuel boilers, cement plants, heating plants and power plants using co-firing together with coal or equipment directly intended for energy utilization of these fuels. The use of alternative fuels in large energy installations is still rather rare. The article presents the results and confirms the results of studies that capacity facilities for energy recovery of waste are insufficient in the conditions of the Czech Republic, both in terms of capacity and technology. In addition to its own facilities, the necessary infrastructure for waste transport was also assessed from a conceptual point of view. One third to half of the waste is transported over a distance of 10 to 20 km. This is related to the supply of heat to the central heat supply, where the facility for energy recovery of waste is located at the place of waste production.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF HYDROKINETIC TURBINE SHROUDS
Authors: Danca Paul Alexandru , Nicolae Sergiu , Bode Florin , Bunea Florentina
Published: February 2023

Due to the rising demand of energy, in the last years is a growing interest to develop new equipment�s and to improve the existing, to produce as much as possible energy from renewable sources. Therefore, in this article are studied the effects of two shrouds geometries over the patterns of flow and over the velocity�s distributions. This study was performed experimentally in the laboratory using an experimental stand a with closed-circuit trough water was recirculated and a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. Numerical simulations were performed in Ansys Fluent software. One of the purposes of the study is to validate the numerical model. Other purpose is to compare the increasing speeds in impeller zone.
MODELING OF NONLINEAR STABILITY OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS OF PELTIER THERMOELECTRIC MODULES
Authors: Vasilyev Gleb S. , Kuzichkin Oleg R. , Surzhik Dmitry I. , Bondarik Ksenya V.
Published: February 2023

The high performance characteristics of Peltier thermoelectric modules (TEM) in comparison with compressor cooling systems are determined by the convenience of their use for both cooling and heating, technological advantages due to the absence of moving parts, etc. To effectively regulate the temperature conditions of TEM, it is necessary to develop automatic control systems with specified characteristics. Modeling and design of such systems is complicated by the essentially nonlinear properties of the constituent units, as well as the control object � the Peltier module. To analyze the nonlinear stability of a trigenerative climate control system based on TEM, a mathematical model of the system in the form of transfer characteristics based on approximation by piecewise linear functions has been developed. The relations defining the conditions of absolute stability of the model in the nonlinear mode according to the Popov criterion are obtained. As a result of the simulation, the stability areas of the system are calculated with varying parameters of the component links. The directions for the further use of the proposed methodology for the subsequent optimization and synthesis of TEM control systems are determined.
SELECTING THE OPTIMAL LIQUEFACTION CYCLE FOR CRYOGENICS ENERGY STORAGE
Authors: Ionita Claudia , Dobrovicescu Alexandru , Dima Daniel
Published: February 2023

Cryogenic energy storage (CES) is a large-scale energy storage technology that stores electricity in the form of liquefied gas at cryogenic temperatures. The CES system has three sub-processes, namely, charging or liquefaction, storage, discharging or power cycle. Because the main energy costs in this system are related to the liquefaction module, we will focus on the analysis of liquefaction processes. The present work aims at performing a comparative study between cycles commonly used for the liquefaction of air to evaluate and compare their performance under given working conditions. The cycles considered are simple Linde cycle, Linde Dual-Pressure cycle, and Claude cycle. The analysis is performed with the software program Engineering Equation Solver (EES). The cycle optimization criterion is the maximum value of the liquefaction coefficient and the minimum value of the specific energy consumption Claude cycle has been chosen as the optimal cycle for use in liquid air storage.
POSSIBILITY OF IN SITU HYDROGEN GENERATION WITHIN GAS RESERVOIRS
Authors: Afanasev Pavel , Popov Evgeny , Cheremisin Alexey , Berenblum Roman , Mikitin Evgeny
Published: February 2023

Recently, hydrogen is often considered as one of the prospective clean energy carriers. However, the traditional hydrogen production methods also produce significant amounts of greenhouse gases or too expensive to be industrial scaled. In situ hydrogen generation in hydrocarbon-containing reservoirs can be one of the promising ways for low-carbon hydrogen production. However, the conversion of hydrocarbons into hydrogen under the hydrocarbon reservoirs conditions has practically not been studied. This work reports experimental results on the catalytic in situ hydrogen generation from methane under gas reservoir conditions. Verification concept experiments were performed in the autoclave setup in static and dynamic modes with various operational parameters. The effects of temperature, pressure, and core model type on the hydrogen generation were investigated. Results show that temperature higher than 550?C should be achieved in the active zone of the target reservoir to convert significant amount of methane to hydrogen. This effect can be explained by the thermodynamic restrictions and negative influence of the original core on catalyst activity. Nevertheless, hydrogen concentrations up to 70.8% mol. and 34.0% mol. were achieved in the experiments at 800 ?C in the presence of the inert (crushed alumina) and the original core models, respectively. At this temperature strong reducing conditions influence the catalyst activity. Conducted experiments proved the main principles of the in situ hydrogen generation technology. Therefore, we conclude that hydrogen generation in gas reservoirs is prospective when realized jointly with the catalyst treatment and in situ combustion method.
ANALYSIS OF METHOD FOR POROSITY ASSESSMENT OF THE RECYCLED ALUMINUM CASTINGS
Authors: Blasko Peter , Pribulova Alena , Petrik Jozef , Palfy Pavol , Mihalikova Maria
Published: February 2023

In the context of the recycling of waste from wrought aluminum alloys, especially food packaging, these were re-melted and cast into bars. The alloy thus obtained contains up to 2.0% Si, 0.8% Cu, 2.0% Fe, 2.5% Mn and other elements in tenths of %. The problem in its further processing is the porosity. Several methods were used to quantify it, of which the most accurate method was weighing. The disadvantage of this method is the requirements of the competence of the personnel as well as technical equipment. Other methods based on metallography, stereometric analysis, defectoscopy, comparison with standards and measurement of macro-hardness were compared with this method in terms of accuracy and complexity. Each of the analysed methods has advantages and disadvantages. The best results were obtained in metallographic analysis using the ImageJ software. The paper presents regression equations, which allow to compare results of the porosity obtained by used methods. None of the tested methods can fully replace the labor-intensive and equipment-intensive weighting method for determining porosity. Closest to the standard is stereological method which is done after the penetration test and hardness test. Unfortunately, in addition to experienced operators, they also require relatively special equipment. For a small manufacturer, the most reasonable way is to make a cut using only grinding and compare the area thus obtained with the standard according to ISO 10 049.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL REGULARITIES OF FORMATION STRUCTURES OF NON-FIRED GYPSUM MODIFIED STONE
Authors: Petropavlovskii Kirill , Petropavlovskaya Victoria , Novichenkova Tatiana , Sulman Mihail , Zavadko Maria
Published: February 2023

Gypsum-based materials and products currently deserve special attention from specialists in many industries. They are distinguished by high environmental friendliness, manufacturability and safety. The construction industry is showing additional interest in their increased comfort, reduced sound insulation and thermal insulation. Obtaining crystallization structures directly from gypsum dihydrate using a non-hydration hardening scheme competes with many modern technological approaches. In the production of non-firing gypsum binders, CO2 and other toxic substances are not released into the environment, energy costs are sharply reduced. The control of structure formation of unfired gypsum structures is based on the principles of condensation hardening of compacted powders. As basic analytical regularities, the equations of Thompson (Kelvin), A.N. Shchukarev, A.F. Polak et al. Regulation of dispersion of calcium sulfate dihydrate powders and directed control of structural characteristics is achieved by mathematical modeling of the internal structure of the gypsum matrix. With the introduction of additional finely dispersed aluminumcontaining fillers into the gypsum matrix, an increase in the density of the structure and a significant increase in strength are observed. The gypsum structure with dense packing of grains is characterized by an increase in the area of contacts between crystallite structures. This is reflected in the physical and mechanical characteristics of the modified matrix structure of the composite. The synthesis of non-firing composites with previously unattainable properties is due to the targeted impact on the structure formation of non-hydration systems. An optimal combination of properties is achieved in accordance with the purpose and scope of non-firing materials
PECULIARITIES IN THE INITIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT FOR SOME FRUIT TREES, DEPENDING ON THE TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS
Authors: Malasheva Petya , Kazandjiev Valentin , Georgieva Veska
Published: February 2023

The last decade has been characterized by an increased frequency of climatic anomalies and their amplitude. These anomalies affect the productivity of crops and orchards, which is directly dependent on agro-meteorological conditions. The registered tendencies to change the hydrothermal conditions in the different regions of the country sometimes are a risk factor for their productivity, especially in the initial phenological stages of the development of the fruit trees. Bud dormancy on the fruit trees from the temperate zones is a phase of development that occurs annually and enables trees to survive cold winters. To estimate the chill requirements of orchards, besides temperature data, three chronological dates must be defined: the chill accumulation start date, the deep dormancy breaking date, and the date of eco dormancy end.
This study aims to assess the thermal conditions in the initial stages of development of some stone fruit plants grown in Bulgaria. There were analyzed the conditions during the deep dormancy in the orchards and the permanent transition of the average daily temperature above 5�C. Chilling requirements for breaking dormancy were studied for some peach, cherry, and apricot cultivars, located in the regions for industrial producing of these plants. The Utah chilling unit model was used to measure the accumulation of chilling requirements.
Potato production scenario and analysis of its total factor productivity in India
Authors: RANA RAJESH K , ANWER MD. EJAZ
Published: February 2023

India is second largest producer of potatoes in the world after China. India showed tremendous growth in potato production during last one and half decade, however, this growth is led more by the area expansion than the yield enhancement. For further analysis on nature of productivity growth in Indian potato sector the computation of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) was done with the help of Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). Year 2005 being the inflection point in the growth in Indian agriculture was used as period break year for this study and two periods, viz. pre-period (1997 to 2004) and post period (2005 to 2013) were considered for all analysis and descriptions. Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh states constitute about 74% of Indian potato production hence, these states were assumed to represent Indian potato scenario. Except mild decline in potato productivity growth in Uttar Pradesh, area, production and productivity growth of potato showed acceleration in post-period compared to the pre-period in all the states. TFP improved in all the three states in post period however, in West Bengal the growth was negative (-2.3) even in the post period. Except Bihar where efficiency change was positive (1%) in pre-period, and further improved in post-period (2.1%), the efficiency change stagnated in all other cases. The TFP improvement in all the cases was either solely or mainly led by the technical change.
Synthesis and area-wide validation of adaptable IPM technology and its economic analysis for bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) in a farmers' driven approach
Authors: HALDER JAYDEEP , SARDANA H R , KRISHNAN NAGENDRAN , PANDEY M K , BHAT M N , BANERJEE KAUSHIK
Published: February 2023

Field experiment was conducted in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) during 2014-16 at Varanasi, Mirzapur and Deoria districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh with a view to study the validation, economic viability and feasibility of adaptable and rational IPM technology in a farmers led approach.The IPM technology that synthesized for bitter gourd crop comprised seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg of seed; need based spraying of azadirachtin (0.03%) based neem insecticide @ 10 ml/l for hadda beetle; installation of cue lure traps (MAT) for fruit flies @ 10/acre; raking of soil for exposing fruit fly pupae to sunlight and predatory fauna and removal of associated weeds, need based application of Bacillus thuringiesnsis @ 2 g/l against cucumber moth, Diaphania indica; Imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 1 ml/l of water for whitefly; systemic fungicide Cymoxanil l8 WP+Mancozeb 64 WP @ 2.5 g/l against downymildew were found very effective in reducing the incidence of pests and minimizing the yield losses. The adoption of IPM technology during the three years, apart from lowering the incidence of major pests, resulted in reducing the number of chemical sprays to 7-9 from 21-25 in non-IPM fields in a season with higher bitter gourd yields of 18, 16.5 and 18.7 tonnes/ha in IPM and 14.4, 11.8 and 15.1 tonnes/ha in non-IPM fields and with marginally higher cost benefit (C:B) ratio of 1:2.19, 1:2.58 and 1:3.01 in IPM than 1:1.70, 1:1.78 and 1:2.30, respectively in non-IPM for the three consequitive years. There was a net income increase IPM fields over farmers' practice fields. On an average, IPM farmers had an average higher net return of Rupees 2.37 lakh/ha with C:B ratio of 1:2.59 as compared to the non-IPM farmers with net return of Rupees 1.49 lakh/ha with a B:C ratio of 1:1.93.