bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The healing power of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: a systematic review on its effects after breast surgery
Authors: Akutay Seda , Yüceler Kaçmaz Hatice , Ceyhan Özlem
Published: January 2025

Background

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation after breast cancer surgery has been utilized for various purposes, but the full efficacy of this treatment approach on postoperative symptoms remains unclear.

Aim

This study aimed to answer the question: Does transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation significantly impact postoperative patient outcomes in individuals undergoing breast cancer surgery?

Methods

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted. Because of the limited number of studies included, it was not feasible to perform a meta-analysis. English-language publications from 2013 and 2024 that investigated the effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation in breast cancer surgery patients were included. Electronic databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Wiley Online Library were searched. Two independent investigators assessed the studies using the revised JBI risk of bias tool. Data from randomized trials were extracted by two researchers using the Cochrane data collection tool.

Results

Our comprehensive literature review identified 251 studies. After rigorous assessment, 12 articles met our inclusion criteria. Title and abstract screening excluded seven studies that did not involve surgery, used treatments other than TENS, included acupuncture, or did not measure pain outcomes. Among these, five studies involving 776 patients examined the effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation on pain management in breast cancer surgery. In all of the studies reviewed, transcutaneous electrical stimulation had a beneficial effect on postoperative pain.

Conclusion

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation has significantly alleviated pain associated with breast cancer surgery. This therapeutic modality has improved patient satisfaction with analgesia by relieving pain; reducing analgesic use; reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting; increasing blood levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-2/IL-4 ratio; and reducing skin sensitivity. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation devices may improve postoperative patient outcomes and enhance the recovery process in people undergoing breast cancer surgery. The results of this study are limited by heterogeneity and the small number of included studies. Future research should prioritize standardization of intervention procedures and investigation of the long-term effects of TENS in postoperative care.

Registration

This study was registered in the PROSPERO registration system under the number CRD42024523558.
Rock strength and stress dependence of local flow-path connectivity within faults or fractures: a preliminary overview of virtual and in-situ hydraulic tests
Authors: Ishii Eiichi , Ozaki Yusuke , Aoyagi Kazuhei , Sugawara Kentaro
Published: January 2025

Global flow path connectivity along faults or fractures depends on the degree of local flow path connectivity within each fault or fracture and is a key control of groundwater flow and solute transport. However, the mechanical controls on spatial variations in local flow path connectivity within individual faults or fractures are poorly understood. Local flow path connectivity is quantifiable by the laboratory-scale flow dimensions (n
lab) within individual faults or fractures, with a lower n
lab indicating lower local flow path connectivity. Virtual hydraulic tests were performed on modeled individual fractures to derive a relationship between n
lab and a mappable indicator, the ductility index (DI), defined by the mean stress, groundwater pressure, and rock tensile strength. The derived relationship was verified with data obtained from in-situ hydraulic tests of natural faults in rocks with low matrix permeability, poor swelling capacity, and few fracture mineral fillings, also incorporating the effect of linkage among faults in the field. The test results demonstrated that local flow path connectivity within faults or fractures can be high (n
lab > 1.5) when DI < 2 but is generally low (n
lab < 1.5) when DI > 2, depending on the level of effective-normal-stress-dependent (DI-dependent) fracture-normal displacement. This relationship between n
lab and DI is valid even when the value of DI is varied, or the faults are sheared. These findings can be used to help map spatial variations in local flow path connectivity within faults or fractures from limited borehole data.
Impact of urbanization on groundwater recharge: altered recharge rates and water cycle dynamics for Arusha, Tanzania
Authors: Kiflay Elizabeth , Schirmer Mario , Foppen Jan Willem , Moeck Christian
Published: January 2025

The profound effects of urbanization on groundwater recharge rates are investigated by conducting a comprehensive land use and land cover analysis in Arusha, Tanzania, using the WetSpass model. Between 1995 and 2016, the urban area has expanded from 14 to 45% within the study area. This rapid urbanization has resulted in the conversion of forested areas, agricultural land, shrublands, and bare soil into urban zones. Results indicated that under preurban conditions, groundwater recharge from precipitation was ~116 mm/year, which increased to an average of 148 mm/year by 2016. When accounting for anthropogenic factors such as drinking water leakage and on-site sanitation, recharge further increased to 195 mm/year. These supplementary recharge sources, along with reduced evapotranspiration due to land-use changes, contributed to the increase, despite higher surface runoff. These findings underscore the significance of land use and leakage management in urban areas, as well as the spatial variability in groundwater recharge rates across different urban zones, emphasizing the importance of local factors. This study advances the understanding of the intricate relationship between urbanization and groundwater dynamics, and provides insights for future water resource management in rapidly growing urban regions.
Fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and disease activity during pregnancy in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a descriptive study
Authors: Sonkurt Ali İhsan , Doğan Gül , Parlar Kerem , Güler Berkay , Deveci Müge , Kasapçopur Özgür , Uğurlu Serdal
Published: January 2025

To investigate the fertility status, pregnancy outcomes, and disease activity during and after pregnancy in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) currently being followed up at an adult rheumatology clinic. This study included 141 adult patients diagnosed with according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria, who are now monitored at an adult rheumatology clinic. Data on demographics, disease characteristics, medication history, fertility status, and pregnancy outcomes were collected through medical records and patient interviews. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test to compare categorical variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Out of 141 patients (65 male, 76 female), 19 female and 6 male patients attempted to have children. Six male patients fathered ten children without assisted reproductive techniques (ART), while 16 female patients had 19 children. Only one patient couldn’t conceive. The observed pregnancy complications included miscarriage (17.4%), preeclampsia (4.3%), preterm birth (4.3%), and gestational diabetes (4.3%). Flares during or within the first month after labor in 32.2% of pregnancies. There was no statistically significant association between medication use and pregnancy complications or disease activity during pregnancy. JIA does not significantly impact fertility or increase the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Disease activity during pregnancy and postpartum flares are manageable without the need for additional precautions. Patients with JIA can pursue pregnancy without significant concerns related to their condition.

Key Points• JIA does not significantly impact fertility in both male and female patients.• JIA does not increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes or complications.• JIA disease activity remains stable and manageable during pregnancy and postpartum.
Impact of Fc-gamma receptor IIIA polymorphism on late-onset neutropenia and clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients following rituximab induction therapy
Authors: Tashiro Yuki , Hyodo Yoji , Kitamura Satoshi , Fujimoto Takuya , Endo Takahito , Nishioka Shun , Yokoyama Naoki , Hara Takuto , Chiba Koji , Miyake Hideaki
Published: January 2025

Background

This study aimed to investigate the association between the Fc-gamma receptor IIIA (FCGR3A) 158 polymorphism and clinical outcomes in kidney transplantation (KTx) patients. Specifically, we focused on late-onset neutropenia (LON) in ABO-incompatible (ABOi) or HLA-incompatible (HLAi) KTx recipients who underwent rituximab (RTx) desensitization therapy.

Methods

FCGR3A 158F/V polymorphisms were identified in 85 ABOi or HLAi KTx recipients who underwent RTx desensitization at our institution between April 2008 and October 2021. We analyzed these polymorphism groups in relation to their preoperative background and incidence of LON, infection, and rejection. In addition, we examined the risk factors for LON development.

Results

The following FCGR3A 158F/V polymorphisms were identified: FF genotype (n = 45); FV genotype (n = 36), and VV genotype (n = 4). LON occurred in 25 out of 85 recipients within 1 year after KTx, significantly more frequently in patients with the FCGR3A FV + VV genotype (17/40) than in those with the FF genotype (8/45) (p = 0.01). A multivariate analysis identified the V-allele as an independent risk factor for LON (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 1.38—11.73, p = 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the incidence rates of post-transplant infection and rejection between the FF and FV + VV genotypes.

Conclusion

Recipients with the FCGR3A 158 V-allele were identified as having a higher risk of developing LON following KTx with RTx desensitization therapy. However, the presence of this V-allele did not affect the safety or efficacy of RTx desensitization before KTx.
Effect of a novel motion and simultaneous irrigation on the cyclic fatigue resistance of Hyflex EDM OneFile
Authors: La Rosa Giusy Rita Maria , Lombardo Pietro , Generali Luigi , Pedullà Eugenio
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to assess the cyclic fatigue resistance of a single-file system (i.e., Hyflex EDM OneFile), during continuous rotation and reflex dynamic motion with and without irrigation. Cyclic fatigue tests were conducted on 48 new Hyflex EDM One files using two different motions, with and without irrigation. The files were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12) based on the tested motion and irrigation conditions: continuous rotation and the novel kinematics ReFlex Dynamic motion, with and without irrigation. The dynamic fatigue resistance was measured as the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) in an artificial zirconium canal with a 60° angle and a 5 mm radius of curvature at an intracanal temperature. The results were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test, with a significance level established at 5% (p < 0.05). The fractured instruments were examined with a scanning electron microscope. The instruments activated in continuous rotation, irrespective of irrigation conditions, demonstrated significantly higher NCF compared to those in ReFlex Dynamic (p < 0.05). Irrigation significantly impacted the cyclic fatigue resistance of Hyflex EDM in ReFlex Dynamic motion (p < 0.05), while it did not influence the resistance of files tested under continuous rotation (p > 0.05). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, HyFlex EDM One files tested under continuous rotation showed greater resistance to cyclic fatigue compared to those tested with ReFlex Dynamic motion, regardless of irrigation. Continuous hypochlorite irrigation enhanced the cyclic fatigue resistance only of the files tested in ReFlex Dynamic motion.
Sexual Networks and Behavioral Characteristics of HIV-Positive Male Military Members, Female Sex Workers, and Male Civilians
Authors: Grillo Michael P. , Saylors Karen , Tran Bonnie R. , Brown Nichelle , Tripathi Osika , Killion Jordan , Macera Carol , Faye Babacar , Chisoko Ernest C. , Kabengele Mapoma , Mutombe Anthony M. , Djoko Cyrille F. , Smith Davey , Chaillon Antoine
Published: January 2025

Military members and female sex workers (FSWs) may be more likely to acquire or transmit HIV. Mapping HIV transmission across these high-risk populations and identifying behaviors associated with sexual network clustering are needed for effective HIV prevention approaches. A cross-sectional study recruited participants newly diagnosed with HIV among militaries, civilians, and FSWs in Zambia, Senegal, and Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Participants were interviewed on behaviors and provided blood samples for HIV-1 partial pol sequencing. Genetic-distance based network analyses inferred putative relationships between HIV-1 partial pol sequences. Bivariate logistic regression models identified variables associated with clustering in a sexual network. 908 participants were included (n = 313 FSWs, n = 297 military, n = 298 civilians). 311 blood samples were sequenced and had survey data, of which 93 (29.9%) were genetically linked, forming 36 transmission clusters. All but one cluster were comprised of participants from the same country, including one large cluster (n = 12; 9 FSWs and 3 civilians) from DRC. A large mixed-country cluster (n = 9) including 7 men (4 civilians, 3 military) and 2 FSWs was observed. The odds of clustering in a sexual network were elevated for DRC participants, FSWs, and those cohabitating with a sexual partner. Findings underscore the importance of identifying linkages in high-risk populations to develop tailored HIV prevention strategies. Linkages across risk groups and countries illustrate the potential role of mobile populations in HIV transmission and acquisition. Larger studies including HIV recency testing may better elucidate biological and behavioral interactions between military, civilians, and FSWs.
Improving the effectiveness of climate change adaptation measures
Authors: Puig Daniel , Adger Neil W. , Barnett Jon , Vanhala Lisa , Boyd Emily
Published: January 2025

To a large degree, economic metrics and mechanisms underpin the design of adaptation policies. Such a focus has undesired consequences on the effectiveness of adaptation measures as well as on our ability to prevent incommensurable losses. The article puts forward four strategic changes in adaptation policy that shift the focus away from markets and toward community-level visions of what a liveable future entails. These changes involve accommodating diverse ethical positions, through decision-making processes that are rich in information, include diverse perspectives, and are transparent with respect to the value trade-offs they entail; reflecting social norms in adaptation, through community-led initiatives whereby local priorities and cultural expressions are given centre-stage in the design of adaptation responses; limiting path dependence, through champions within key institutions that are prepared to affect change in times of disruptive climate disasters; and enfranchising marginalised groups, notably by incorporating multiple knowledges and worldviews in adaptation policy, promoting deliberation and negotiation, and subverting exclusionary practices.
Challenges and opportunities of the exotic invasive macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae (Phaeophyceae, Heterokontophyta)
Authors: Figueroa Félix L. , Vega Julia , Flórez-Fernández Noelia , Mazón José , Torres María Dolores , Domínguez Herminia , Pereira Leonel
Published: January 2025

The invasion of Rugulopteryx okamurae along the southern European coastline is producing significant ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Its rapid proliferation and high adaptability have cause severe ecosystem disruptions, displacing indigenous species and altering habitat structures. Various factors, including favorable environmental conditions and chemical defenses, have contributed to its rapid spread. This situation has prompted urgent interdisciplinary research and the implementation of management strategies. Regulatory frameworks have been established to address its invasive status, aiming to control the bio-invasion. Valorization strategies could contribute to sustainable marine ecosystem management and marine biotechnology advancements. R. okamurae presents a wide variety of valuable molecules in its internal composition, such as alginates, terpenoids or carotenoids, with potential biotechnological applications. Promising results have been obtained using R. okamurae in compost or biostimulants, as supplements in aquafeed or as part of biomaterial to develop eco-friendly products. Some molecules like terpenoids have shown anti-inflammatory properties with applications in the nutraceutical industry. However, significant challenges remain in fully understanding its biology, ecological impacts, and effective control measures. Coordinated efforts among scientists, politicians, companies and stakeholders are essential to mitigate its spread and explore its potential for sustainable resource utilization. The ecological and economic impacts are being studied but there is a still scarce number of studies to follow a strategy of control based in blue and circular economy.
New easy lab methods for the extraction of phycobiliproteins and pigments from cyanobacteria
Authors: Kollmen Jonas , Rech Maximilian , Lorig Fabian , Di Nonno Sarah , Stiefelmaier Judith , Strieth Dorina
Published: January 2025

Cyanobacteria are a source of a variety of valuable substances. These include extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and natural dyes. EPS are produced by cyanobacteria to protect themselves against environmental stresses, serve as a water reservoir, and play an essential role in the formation of biofilms. They can be used, for example, due to their antimicrobial properties. Cyanobacteria are phototrophic organisms and synthesize the pigments chlorophyll a and carotenoids for photosynthesis. However, they also possess other light-harvesting complexes in the form of phycobilisomes, which combine with proteins to form so-called phycobiliproteins (PBP). These enable cyanobacteria to utilize a larger light spectrum than plants. Both the pigments and the PBP can be used as natural colorants and offer antioxidant properties, among other things, which enables applications in medicine. Methods for the combined extraction of EPS, PBP, and pigments have already been described in the literature. Still, in this work, the methods were simplified and optimized to obtain the best possible method for use in the laboratory. The optimized downstream process is based on an extraction of the EPS with deionized water followed by an extraction of the PBP with potassium phosphate buffer and finally the extraction of the pigments with methanol. The PBP and pigments are extracted by adding fixed ratios of solvents followed by a single extraction for a certain period. The universal applicability was demonstrated over a broad biomass spectrum from 4 mg to 80 mg dry mass and the method was transferred to several cyanobacterial strains.
Universality of Mean-Field Antiferromagnetic Order in an Anisotropic 3D Hubbard Model at Half-Filling
Authors: Langmann E. , Lenells J.
Published: January 2025

We study Hartree–Fock theory at half-filling for the 3D anisotropic Hubbard model on a cubic lattice with hopping parameter t in the x- and y-directions and a possibly different hopping parameter

$$t_z$$

t
z

in the z-direction; this model interpolates between the 2D and 3D Hubbard models corresponding to the limiting cases

$$t_z=0$$

t
z

=
0

and

$$t_z=t$$

t
z

=
t

, respectively. We first derive all-order asymptotic expansions for the density of states. Using these expansions and units such that

$$t=1$$

t
=
1

, we analyze how the Néel temperature and the antiferromagnetic mean field depend on the coupling parameter, U, and on the hopping parameter

$$t_z$$

t
z

. We derive asymptotic formulas valid in the weak coupling regime, and we study in particular the transition from the three-dimensional to the two-dimensional model as

$$t_z \rightarrow 0$$

t
z

→
0

. It is found that the asymptotic formulas are qualitatively different for

$$t_z = 0$$

t
z

=
0

(the two-dimensional case) and

$$t_z > 0$$

t
z

>
0

(the case of nonzero hopping in the z-direction). Our results show that certain universality features of the three-dimensional Hubbard model are lost in the limit

$$t_z \rightarrow 0$$

t
z

→
0

in which the three-dimensional model reduces to the two-dimensional model.
Nineteenth-century land use shapes the current occurrence of some plant species, but weakly affects the richness and total composition of Central European grasslands
Authors: Midolo Gabriele , Skokanová Hana , Clark Adam Thomas , Vymazalová Marie , Chytrý Milan , Dullinger Stefan , Essl Franz , Šibík Jozef , Keil Petr
Published: January 2025

Context

Historical land use is thought to have influenced plant community diversity, composition and function through the local persistence of taxa that reflect ecological conditions of the past.

Objectives

We tested for the effects of historical land use on contemporary plant species richness, composition, and ecological preferences in the grassland vegetation of Central Europe.

Methods

We analyzed 6975 vegetation plots sampled between 1946 and 2021 in dry, mesic, and wet grasslands in the borderland between Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Using 1819–1853 military maps, we assigned each plot to a historical land-use category (arable land, forest, grassland, settlement, permanent crop, and water body). We modeled the response of species richness, composition, and plant ecological preferences to the historical land use including contemporary covariates.

Results

Nineteenth-century land use explained little overall variation in species richness and composition, whereas more variation was explained by contemporary environmental conditions. However, we found that ecological preferences of some species were associated with specific historical land uses. Specifically, species more frequently occurring in historically forested grasslands showed lower light and disturbance frequency indicator values, while those associated with former settlements displayed higher disturbance severity indicator values.

Conclusions

We conclude that signatures of specific land-use conversions, including the restoration of grasslands in human-impacted areas, may still be detectable in grasslands even 200 years into the future. However, while local historical land use influences the occurrence of some species based on their ecological preferences, these effects do not significantly influence community species richness and total composition.
A machine learning approach to simulate flexible body dynamics
Authors: Slimak Tomas , Zwölfer Andreas , Todorov Bojidar , Rixen Daniel
Published: January 2025

Flexible body dynamics simulations are powerful tools to realistically analyze vehicles, machines, mechanics, etc. However, the inherently nonlinear governing equations often require tailor-made and computationally expense solution strategies. Employing artificial neural networks for forward dynamics analyses of flexible bodies may be not only useful as a model reduction tool, since evaluating a network is frequently faster compared to solving physics-based models, but also to enhance models with experimental data. In this realm four primary strategies have emerged: (i) Incorporating time as an input to the artificial neural network to predict the desired solution variables at that specific time. (ii) Utilizing an entire time series as input, the network generates the corresponding time series of the desired solution variables in a single pass through the artificial neural network. (iii) Employing an artificial neural network to advance one time step into the future using the states as input. (iv) Leveraging the artificial neural network solely for learning the equations of motion or energetic quantities, e.g., Lagrangian/Hamiltonian, coupled with standard techniques from analytical dynamics and time integration. Approaches (iii) and (iv) can be considered advantageous owing to their inherent physics-informed nature, greater flexibility in adopting varying time steps, and ease of integration with classical simulation techniques. This contribution, therefore, presents a method to predict flexible body dynamics one step at a time using two complimentary artificial neural networks. One network predicts the equations of motion relationship between positions, velocities, and accelerations, while a second network or numerical integrator propagates the system states forwards in time. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the developed approach on the testcase of a flexible beam. Various parameter studies and alternative solutions are presented to highlight the performance of the developed approach. The robustness and ability to extrapolate are also explored to determine the practical viability of this solution. The intention of this single-body work is to enable the future embedding in a multibody context.
Gendered dynamics in Moroccan transnational migrant networks in Tenerife: environmental concerns, engagement, and remittances
Authors: Ou-Salah Loubna , Van Praag Lore
Published: January 2025

The concept of transnational knowledge networks has entered the field of study of environmental mobility. Yet, how these networks play a role in adaptation to environmental change remains understudied. Power dynamics and familial ties impact the functioning of transnational networks and intricately shape responses to environmental challenges, with gender serving as a salient factor. This research aims to theorize and empirically study how gender matters for how men and women engage with environmental concerns within transnational spaces of Moroccan migrants living in Tenerife, the largest of the Canary Islands. This study employs visual mapping techniques to uncover gendered patterns and modalities of communication within transnational networks. Findings reveal significant gender disparities in how environmental challenges are discussed and addressed within Moroccan transnational networks. While women prioritize family welfare and employ cultural practices to tackle environmental issues, men focus more on economic implications. Women’s perspectives and voices are marginalized, reflecting societal gender norms and biases that prioritize men’s voices and expertise in economic matters. This ignorance hinders their participation and access to support within transnational networks, perpetuating gender disparities in engagement and decision-making.
The Unbearable Weight of Gender Inequalities: Development and Validation of the Social Treatment and Experiences of Women (STEW) Scale
Authors: Ciaffoni Stefano , Rubini Monica , Moscatelli Silvia
Published: January 2025

Gender inequalities are pervasive across various life domains, yet research has often overlooked how people perceive that women are treated differently than men. To fill this gap, we developed and validated the 16-item multidimensional Social Treatment and Experiences of Women (STEW) scale across different samples of women and different cultural contexts, namely Italy and the UK N = 1,195). Using exploratory (Study 1, N = 703) and confirmatory (Study 2, N = 550; Study 3a, N = 132; Study 4, N = 201; Study 5, N = 233) factor analysis, we identified four dimensions: workplace inequalities, domestic imbalance, harassment towards women, and social expectations. Studies 3a and 3b (N = 96) demonstrated convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the STEW, linking the STEW’s subscales to group-based emotions, reported experiences of sexism, attitudes towards affirmative action, and attitudes towards women’s sexual freedom. Replicating the factor structure in the UK, Study 4 found the STEW explained unique variance in group-based emotions and intergroup attitudes beyond personal experiences of sexism. Last, Study 5 showed that the STEW explains unique variance in collective action intentions and feminist identification beyond people’s attitudes towards gender equality. Highlighting the importance of conceiving gender inequalities as a multifaceted issue, the STEW provides a robust tool for assessing perceptions of differential treatment of women across domains and can inform more comprehensive interventions promoting gender equality.
Fairness, ambiguity and dynamic consistency
Authors: Bradley Richard , Stefánsson H. Orri
Published: January 2025

Considerations of dynamic inconsistency have figured prominently in debates over the rationality of preferences that violate the separability conditions characteristic of expected utility theory. These debates have mostly focused on risk- and ambiguity averse preferences, but analogous considerations apply to preferences for fairness. We revisit these debates in the context of a specific hypothesis regarding the violations of separability by such preferences, namely that they are potentially both explained and rationalised by non-instrumental attitudes to the chances of the various possibilities involved. Our main aim is to argue that, first, when these violations of static separability are motivated by such non-instrumental attitudes to chances, then they need not result in dynamically inconsistent behaviour. Second, and more generally, considerations of dynamic consistency do not, we argue, undermine the rationality of non-instrumental attitudes towards the distribution of chances, despite the fact that such attitudes give rise to violations of the static separability assumptions of expected utility theory.
The Impact of Peer-Based Recovery Support Services: Mediating Factors of Client Outcomes
Authors: Quiroz Santos Esther , Stein L. A. R. , Stamates Amy , Voyer Hailey
Published: January 2025

Research demonstrates a positive impact of Peer Based Recovery Support Services (PBRSS) facilitated by peer recovery specialists (PRS), who are people in recovery from behavioral health conditions (e.g., substance use disorders [SUD] and mental health conditions). This study investigated PBRSS, their impact on client outcomes (e.g., substance use, health), and the factors (e.g., self-efficacy, perceived relationship with/helpfulness of PRS) mediating the relationship between services and outcomes while controlling for sociodemographic information (e.g., age). Data were collected across 58 sites within 25 agencies providing PBRSS in a state located in Northeastern USA. Cross-lagged panel models were used to examine 12 longitudinal mediational models in a sample of N = 412. Models were examined over two time periods (i.e., T1 and T2). After alpha correction (p = .00417), most results were nonsignificant. However, several findings indicated that constructs were significantly related across time in all models (e.g., self-efficacy at T1 significantly predicted self-efficacy at T2), while many point-in-time associations were also significant (e.g., number of services received was positively related to relationship/helpfulness of PRS at T1 and T2). Better PRS relationship/helpfulness at T1 significantly predicted a lower number of services received at T2, while receiving more services at T1 significantly predicted better PRS relationship/helpfulness at T2. Being older significantly predicted a worse overall health at T2 in some models. While no mediation was found, this study is important as it assists in building models with respect to the mechanisms by which PRS may effect change or not.
Förderung digitaler Gesundheitskompetenz in benachteiligten Lebenslagen durch Community-orientierte Ansätze: Ergebnisse eines Workshops
Authors: Wrona Kamil J. , Albrecht Joanna , Schulenkorf Tessa , Bruland Dirk
Published: January 2025

Hintergrund

Der digitale Wandel beeinflusst die Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung insbesondere für Menschen in benachteiligten Lebenslagen. Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz ist notwendig, um gesundheitsrelevante Informationen in Bezug auf digitale Anwendungen und Informationsangebote zu finden, zu verstehen, zu beurteilen und anzuwenden. Zielgruppengerechte Angebote zur Förderung der digitalen Gesundheitskompetenz bei benachteiligten Bevölkerungsgruppen sind rar. Ziel des Workshops während der 58. Jahrestagung der DGSMP war es, Herausforderungen und Potenziale der Förderung digitaler Gesundheitskompetenz bei benachteiligten Gruppen zu identifizieren und interdisziplinäre Ansätze zu diskutieren.

Methode

Der Workshop kombinierte interaktive Methoden wie Perspektivwechsel und Zukunftswerkstatt, um verschiedene Sichtweisen und Lösungsansätze zu erarbeiten. Teilnehmende aus unterschiedlichen Fachbereichen diskutierten entlang problembasierter Beispielszenarien spezifische Herausforderungen für unterschiedliche Zielgruppen.

Ergebnisse

Für Menschen mit zugeschriebener geistiger Behinderung zeigte sich die Notwendigkeit, digitale Angebote an ihre Fähigkeiten anzupassen und einfache, zugängliche Plattformen zu entwickeln. Für ältere Menschen/Pflegebedürftigen wurden ethische Fragen und die Notwendigkeit, Technologie verständlich zu machen, diskutiert. Für Schüler:innen zeigte sich die Dringlichkeit, Medienkompetenz in den Schulalltag zu integrieren, um Fehlinformationen entgegenzuwirken und gesunde Entscheidungen zu fördern. Die Diskussionen betonten die Bedeutung von spezifischen, auf die jeweilige Zielgruppe zugeschnittenen Maßnahmen.

Schlussfolgerungen

Ein Community-orientierter Ansatz, der Menschen in ihren spezifischen Lebenskontexten anspricht, wurde als effektiv hervorgehoben. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, digitale Gesundheitsangebote und Kompetenzförderung zielgruppenspezifisch zu gestalten. Es bedarf weiterer Forschung und praktischer Erprobung von Konzepten, die sowohl digitale als auch präsentische Elemente integrieren, um die Gesundheitskompetenz effektiv zu stärken und alle Bevölkerungsgruppen adäquat zu unterstützen.
The metric projection over a polyhedral set through the relative interiors of its faces
Authors: Fodor Valerian Alin , Pintea Cornel
Published: January 2025

We first characterize the region of the n-dimensional Euclidean space for which two optimization problems with the square distance function as common objective function, but different constraints, are equivalent. The affine hull of a certain face of a closed convex set

$$C\subseteq {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

C
⊆

R

n

is the constraint associated to one problem and the whole closed convex set C is the constraint associated to the other problem. Such optimization problems are best approximation problems which can be reformulated in terms of the metric projection. Using the language of the metric projection, we characterize the region of

$${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

which is metrically projected over a face of C in the same way that it is projected over the affine hull of the face itself. The metric projection over such a face is the one associated to the entire closed convex set, and the metric projection over the affine hull of such a face is the one associated to the affine hull. It turns out that this region is the closure of the inverse image, through the metric projection over the entire closed convex set, of the relative interior of the face. We also characterize analytically the closure of the regions of

$${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

that are projected over the relative interiors of the faces of a polyhedral set, through the metric projection of the polyhedral set itself. We show that these regions are polyhedral convex sets by explicitly characterizing them through systems of linear inequalities.
The method of lower and upper solutions for second order periodic Stieltjes differential equations
Authors: Marraffa Valeria , Satco Bianca
Published: January 2025

As an application of the Schauder Fixed Point Theorem, an existence theory is developed for second order nonlinear differential equations with Stieltjes derivative related to a left-continuous, nondecreasing function. By the method of lower and upper solutions, under a Nagumo-type assumption we get a very general result which can be further applied to deduce the existence of solutions for second order nonlinear problems in the settings of impulsive differential equations, time scale analysis or generalized differential equations.
Asymptomatic carriage and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in pre-clinical and clinical medical students
Authors: Brodíková Kristýna , Rezková Bohdana , Koláčková Ivana , Karpíšková Renáta
Published: January 2025

Medical students are exposed to the hospital environment and patients during their studies, increasing the risk of exposure to virulent and antibiotic-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among medical students who have varying levels of exposure to the hospital environment to provide valuable insights into the risk of colonization and transmission. Nasal swabs and fingerprints were obtained and cultured on a selective medium for staphylococci. The obtained isolates were confirmed as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) or methicillin-resistant (MRSA) using PCR. Antibiotic resistance, the presence of virulence genes including enterotoxin encoding genes, and spa typing were performed. Among pre-clinical students, MSSA was detected on the nose in 45.2% and on the fingerprints in 10.6% of the participants. Among clinical students, MSSA was detected on the nose in 42.0% and on the fingerprints in 25.4%. Only one MRSA isolate was obtained. Genes seg and sei were the most frequently detected in both student groups, with their presence in over 40% of isolates among clinical students. The eta and etb genes were mainly detected from the nose in both student groups. In pre-clinical students, S. aureus carrying eta gene occurred in 6.4% and etb in 8.5%. In clinical students, the occurrence was 5.1% for eta and 8.5% for etb. The tst gene was identified only in the nose and fingerprints of the clinical student group. The most frequently observed resistance was to clindamycin and erythromycin. In total 58 different spa types were identified. High rates of asymptomatic MSSA carriage were observed in both groups of medical students. Detected MSSA strains showed a high degree of genetic variability, with a number of them carrying the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Although students do not exhibit increased risk to their patient’s, increased hygiene is required in asymptomatic carriage personnel. The overall prevalence of MRSA was low, with a minimal risk of spread.
The use of shaped stone balls to extract marrow: a matter of skill? Experimental- traceological approach
Authors: Assaf Ella , Pérez Sara Díaz , Bruner Emiliano , Torres Concepcion , Blasco Ruth , Rosell Jordi , Preysler Javier Baena
Published: January 2025

Technological skills associated with the Paleolithic culture have been explored extensively in recent years, with regard to the production of stone tools. Aspects of skill related to the use of these tools, however, have yet to be comprehensively explored. In this paper, we use a combined experimental-traceological approach to explore aspects of skill in the use of Lower Paleolithic (LP) shaped stone balls (SSBs) as percussion tools for marrow extraction. We examine the effect of skill, or lack thereof, on the accumulation of distinctive use wear traces upon these implements, while also considering handling, grip, and body posture of skilled versus unskilled participants in our experiment. In addition, we investigate possible indicative morphologies attesting to skill level on the processed bones. The results show that the observed differences in body posture, gestures, tool gripping and handling of skilled versus unskilled individuals influenced the intensity and dispersion of wear traces on the tools. Moreover, differences were also detected with regard to the processed bones. Thus, our study shows that while we tend to think that bone-breaking is intuitive, it in fact requires planning, knowledge of bone anatomy and tool use, as well as skill and experience. We hope that these experimental insights will offer a better grounding for understanding human skill and its visible expression on material culture.
„Ein guter Gegenpol sein“, wenn der Hass kommt. Eine qualitative Befragung von Lehrkräften zur Implementation und Wirkungsweise des Präventionsprogramms HateLess
Authors: Krause Norman , Wachs Sebastian
Published: January 2025

Hatespeech stellt eine wachsende Herausforderung für Jugendliche dar, mit negativen Konsequenzen für ihre soziale Teilhabe. Dies betrifft auch die Schule als zentralem Ort der jugendlichen Entwicklung. Um dem präventiv zu begegnen, wurde mit HateLess ein theoretisch fundiertes Präventionsprogramm zur eigenständigen Durchführung durch pädagogisches Schulpersonal entwickelt. Die vorliegende qualitative Studie wertet im Rahmen der Prozessevaluation Daten aus acht Interviews mit Lehrkräften aus, die HateLess selbst durchgeführt haben. Die Interviewtranskripte wurden in Anlehnung an die Grounded Theory ausgewertet. Im Ergebnis können Gelingensbedingungen und Qualitätsmerkmale (z. B. hohe Akzeptanz, gute Anwendbarkeit), Hemmnisse hinsichtlich der Durchführung und der Qualität der Durchführung (z. B. Schwierigkeiten bei der Reduktion, Anpassungswünsche) sowie weitere mögliche Einflüsse auf die Wirkung/Wirksamkeit von HateLess (z. B. Kompetenz und Selbstwirksamkeit der Lehrkräfte) analysiert werden. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen kann HateLess als Produkt praxisorientiert optimiert werden. Zudem ermöglichen die Daten eine umfassendere Bewertung der HateLess-Implementierung. Die Ergebnisse können dazu beitragen, HateLess als theoretisch fundierten Präventionsansatz effizienter in die Praxis zu transferieren und dabei kontextuelle Bedingungen und lebensweltliche Veränderungen aufzunehmen. Mithilfe der qualitativen Evaluation von HateLess kann Hatespeech als Gewaltphänomen, das soziale Teilhabe gefährdet, schließlich effektiver präventiv begegnet werden.
Books’ physiognomic appeal and the overseas dissemination of Chinese dianji (classics): A focus on the Library of Chinese Classics
Authors: Liu Bilin , Zhang Jianhan
Published: January 2025

This article investigates the potential impact of translation covers on the acceptance of Chinese dianji (classics) in the target markets, with a particular focus on facilitating them to truly “go out” of China by capturing their prospective readers’ attention through an analysis of an exemplar of the Library of Chinese Classics (LCC). The research commences with a brief introduction to dianji and their outward translation activities, highlighting the challenges they face in terms of global dissemination, and emphasizing the significant role played by book covers in enhancing the appeal of translated classics. Subsequently, it proposes a framework to examine the appeal of translation covers based on three basic functions they serve, followed by a comparative analysis of the respective cover appeals of two editions of the same dianji translation. This analysis intends to elucidate the underlying “physiognomic” reasons for the unsatisfactory reception of the LCC series, substantiated by empirical evidence from a small-scale semi-structured survey. Finally, it concludes by advocating for leveraging paratextual resources related to the translated dianji on the covers to promote their wider acceptance.
Possible usage of five percent chloride ion by cement weight (2.56 M NaCl) in mixing water with pozzolanic materials emerging as sustainable construction materials
Authors: Lee Siaw Foon , Portillo-Llamas Manuel , Ramón José Enrique , Rubiano Francisco , Castillo Ángel , Martínez Isabel
Published: January 2025

Using recycled waste brine or recycled seawater as mixing water in concrete manufacturing and the cement production have led to an increase in CO2 emission, and thus, another alternative needs to be sought. This work was the first in incorporating 5%
$$\:{\text{C}\text{l}}^{-}$$
by cement weight (2.56 M NaCl) into mixing water blended with four different pozzolanic materials, examining its effect on fresh, 28-day hardened properties and the embedded reinforcing-steel (RS) corrosion. Results indicated that, with 5%
$$\:{\text{C}\text{l}}^{-}$$
, the slump flows of Portland cement type I (CemI), 8% CemI replaced by fly ash (CemI + FA), 8% CemI by silica fume (CemI + SF), and Portland cement type III (CemIII(slag)) at water/binder 0.55 were 193–223 mm, the bending and the compressive strengths were 4.43–7.12 MPa and 33.47–42.66 MPa, respectively, the porosities were 11.44–17.86%, the pore diameters were 0.024–0.026 μm and the bulk densities were 2087–2151 kg/m3. The chloride binding capacity was higher in CemI + SF (0.75%) and CemIII(slag) (0.74%) than in CemI (0.62%) and CemI + FA (0.63%). 5%
$$\:{\text{C}\text{l}}^{-}$$
encouraged the presence of an expansive gel sodium oxide (Na2O) in CemI (0.51%), CemI + FA (0.59%), CemI + SF (1.02%) and CemIII(slag) (1.27%) after 28-day curing. Due to better chloride binding in CemIII(slag), the RS mass loss was sequenced as CemIII(slag) (14.30 mg) < CemI + SF (51.30 mg) < CemI + FA (66.10 mg) < CemI (78.33 mg) at 430 days and the RS corrosion rate was CemIII(slag) (5.92 μm/year) < CemI + SF (6.54 μm/year) < CemI + FA (14.89 μm/year) < CemI (21.05 μm/year).
War, the State and Peace in two Sudans
Authors: Asiegbu Martins F. , Chukwuokolo J. Chidozie
Published: January 2025

Knowledge of African history aptly suggests that the quest for political independence in the continent is generally driven by the idea that such independence leads to statehood. By statehood, here, I refer to the ability of a sovereign country to exercise effective control over its territory, govern its people, and engage in international relations. Yet, political independence in Africa seldom leads to statehood without the experience of internal conflicts such as coup d’état or civil war. The three reviewed books, The Politics of Fear in South Sudan: Generating Chaos, Creating Conflict by Daniel Akech Thiong, When Peace Kills Politics: International Intervention and Unending Wars in the Sudans by Sharath Srinivasan, and Leadership, Nation-Building and War in South Sudan: The Problems of Statehood and Collective Will by Sonja Theron, attempt to explain why the quest for statehood in Sudan and South Sudan is characterized by diverse forms of conflicts and how the seemingly unending conflicts could be resolved. While the primary focus of each of the books differ, their respective positions concerning the key factors and actors fueling and sustaining violent conflicts in both Sudan and South Sudan are complementary.