bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Distribution of Serpentine on Mars
Authors: Emran A. , Tarnas J. D. , Stack K. M.
Published: January 2025

The distribution and origin of serpentine on Mars can provide insights into the planet's aqueous history, habitability, and past climate. In this study, we used dynamic aperture factor analysis/target transformation applied to 15,760 images from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars, followed by validation with the radiance ratio method, to construct a map of Mg‐serpentine deposits on Mars. Although relatively rare, Mg‐serpentine was detected in diverse geomorphic settings across Noachian and Hesperian‐aged terrains in the southern highlands of Mars, implying that serpentinization was active on early Mars and that multiple formation mechanisms may be needed to explain its spatial distribution. We also calculated the amount of H2 produced during the formation of the observed deposits and conclude that serpentinization was likely more widespread on Mars than indicated by the observed distribution.
Frequency of Synoptic‐Scale Precipitation Events Recorded by Daily Resolved δ18O of Land Snail Shells
Authors: Wang Guozhen , Dong Jibao , Zhang Qian , He Sheng , Liu Chengcheng , Luo Fan , Jia Yana , Zong Xiulan , He Miaohong , Han Tao , Xue Gang , Li Yang , Dodson John , Yan Hong
Published: January 2025

Land snails exhibit the potential for capturing synoptic‐scale precipitation events through the δ18O records of their shells (δ18Oshell), but the application is hindered by the absence of a practical methodology for tracking these events. Here, we developed a statistical methodology to track the synoptic‐scale precipitation events from daily resolved snail body fluid δ18O (δ18OBF) record. We further tested and verified our approach using daily resolved δ18Oshell records of modern Cathaica fasciola from the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). The reconstructed 3‐day‐timescale precipitation events frequencies using first derivations of δ18OBF and δ18Oshell shows strong agreement with instrumental data (>85% detection accuracy). The strong correlation between precipitation days in snail‐growing‐season and annual precipitation amounts across the CLP also permits the reconstruction of synoptical precipitation frequency for investigating the interannual variability of precipitation. Our study paves the avenue in paleoweather study, enabling quantitative reconstructions of past synoptic‐scale precipitation events.
Relativistic and Ultra‐Relativistic Electron Bursts in Earth's Magnetotail Observed by Low‐Altitude Satellites
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Artemyev Anton V. , Li Xinlin , Arnold Harry , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Turner Drew L. , Shumko Mykhaylo , Runov Andrei , Mei Yang , Xiang Zheng
Published: January 2025

Earth's magnetotail, a night‐side region characterized by stretched magnetic field lines and strong plasma currents, is the primary site for the release of magnetic field energy and its transformation into plasma heating and kinetic energy plus charged particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection. In this study, we demonstrate that the efficiency of this acceleration can be sufficiently high to produce populations of relativistic and ultra‐relativistic electrons, with energies up to several MeV, which exceeds all previous theoretical and simulation estimates. Using data from the low‐altitude ELFIN and CIRBE CubeSats, we show multiple events of relativistic electron bursts within the magnetotail, far poleward of the outer radiation belt. These bursts are characterized by power‐law energy spectra and can be detected during even moderate substorms.
Fully automated in vivo screening system for multi-organ imaging and pharmaceutical evaluation
Authors: Duan Junhan , Lin Guanming , Jiao Kangjian , Hong Xiaohui , Lin Xudong
Published: January 2025

Advancements in screening technologies employing small organisms have enabled deep profiling of compounds in vivo. However, current strategies for phenotyping of behaving animals, such as zebrafish, typically involve tedious manipulations. Here, we develop and validate a fully automated in vivo screening system (AISS) that integrates microfluidic technology and computer-vision-based control methods to enable rapid evaluation of biological responses of non-anesthetized zebrafish to molecular gradients. Via precise fluidic control, the AISS allows automatic loading, encapsulation, transportation and immobilization of single-larva in droplets for multi-organ imaging and chemical gradients generation inaccessible in previous systems. Using this platform, we examine the cardiac sensitivity of an antipsychotic drug with multiple concentration gradients, and reveal dramatic diversity and complexity in the accurate chemical regulation of cardiac functions in vivo. This proposed system expands the arsenal of tools available for in vivo screening and facilitates comprehensive profiling of pharmaceuticals.
Beyond genomics: using RNA-seq from dried blood spots to unlock the clinical relevance of splicing variation in a diagnostic setting
Authors: Bertoli-Avella Aida M. , Radefeldt Mandy , Al-Ali Ruslan , Pardo Luba M. , Lemke Sabrina , Leubauer Anika , Polla Daniel L. , Hörnicke Rebecca , Almeida Ligia S. , Kandaswamy Krishna Kumar , Beetz Christian , Pinto Basto Jorge , Bauer Peter
Published: January 2025

We aimed to assess the impact of splicing variants reported in our laboratory to gain insight into their clinical relevance. A total of 108 consecutive individuals, for whom 113 splicing variants had been reported, were selected for RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), considering the gene expression in blood. A protocol was developed to perform RNA extraction and sequencing using the same sample (dried blood spots, DBS) provided for the DNA analysis, including library preparation and bioinformatic pipeline analysis. Splicing in genes of interest was inspected using IGV, with at least three unaffected individuals as controls. From the 113 variants, we confirmed an abnormal splicing in 64 variants (57%). In 15 variants (13%), we did not observe a splicing alteration. In the remaining 34 variants, no decision could be made on the splicing effect due to insufficient sample quality (21%) or a low number of reads (9%). The most common event leading to aberrant splicing was exon skipping, identified in 31 variants (48%). Other events included cryptic donor/acceptor site usage (n = 25; 39%), intron retention (n = 4; 6%), and other complex events (n = 4; 6%). In three patients, pathologically reduced enzymatic activity (measured using the same DBS) served as additional confirmation of the abnormal splicing caused by variants in HEXA, GAA, and GLA. We implemented an RNA-seq pipeline using the same sample provided for genomic testing. This multiomic approach, as implemented in our routine diagnostic processes, clarifies the clinical relevance of most of the analyzed variants and delivers more comprehensive genetic testing.
A compendium of Amplification-Related Gain Of Sensitivity genes in human cancer
Authors: Rendo Veronica , Schubert Michael , Khuu Nicholas , Suarez Peredo Rodriguez Maria F. , Whyte Declan , Ling Xiao , van den Brink Anouk , Huang Kaimeng , Swift Michelle , He Yizhou , Zerbib Johanna , Smith Ross , Raaijmakers Jonne , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Guenther Lillian M. , Hwang Justin H. , Iniguez Amanda , Moody Susan , Seo Ji-Heui , Stover Elizabeth H. , Garraway Levi , Hahn William C. , Stegmaier Kimberly , Medema René H. , Chowdhury Dipanjan , Colomé-Tatché Maria , Ben-David Uri , Beroukhim Rameen , Foijer Floris
Published: January 2025

While the effect of amplification-induced oncogene expression in cancer is known, the impact of copy-number gains on “bystander” genes is less understood. We create a comprehensive map of dosage compensation in cancer by integrating expression and copy number profiles from over 8000 tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas and cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. Additionally, we analyze 17 cancer open reading frame screens to identify genes toxic to cancer cells when overexpressed. Combining these approaches, we propose a class of ‘Amplification-Related Gain Of Sensitivity’ (ARGOS) genes located in commonly amplified regions, yet expressed at lower levels than expected by their copy number, and toxic when overexpressed. We validate RBM14 as an ARGOS gene in lung and breast cancer cells, and suggest a toxicity mechanism involving altered DNA damage response and STING signaling. We additionally observe increased patient survival in a radiation-treated cancer cohort with RBM14 amplification.
Squared diffusion-weighted imaging for improving the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer
Authors: Valentin Birte , Schimmöller Lars , Boschheidgen Matthias , Ullrich Tim , Thiel Thomas Andreas , Ljimani Alexandra , Radtke Jan Philipp , Benkert Thomas , Albers Peter , Antoch Gerald , Wittsack Hans-Jörg , Quentin Michael
Published: January 2025

Aim of this study was to proof the concept of optimizing the contrast between prostate cancer (PC) and healthy tissue by DWI post-processing using a quadrature method. DWI post-processing was performed on 30 patients (median age 67 years, prostate specific antigen 8.0 ng/ml) with PC and clear MRI findings (PI-RADS 4 and 5). Multiparametric MRI was performed at 3 Tesla. A multi-shot readout segmentation (rs-EPI) plus zoomed single-shot imaging (z-EPI) sequence was used in 15 patients (group 1) and a single-shot echo-planar imaging (ss-EPI) plus rs-EPI sequence in 15 patients (group 2). B-value images (b1000 and b1800/2000) were squared and then evaluated objectively software-based and subjectively using a 5-point. The squared DWI technique showed a significantly higher contrast ratio (CR) for ss-EPI b1800 (p < 0.001), rs-EPI b1000 (p < 0.001), rs-EPI b1800 (p < 0.001), z-EPI b1000 (p = 0.008) and for z-EPI b2000 (p < 0.001). After post-processing, a significant improvement in the subjective assessment of image quality was observed for rs-EPI b1000 (p < 0.001), rs-EPI b1800 (p < 0.001) and z-EPI b1000 (p < 0.001). The application of the square post-processing to DWI results in a significant improvement in the CR between PC and healthy tissue, especially at high b-values of ss-EPI or re-EPI. This method may help to improve the detection and differentiation of PC lesions.
Relationship between neutropenia caused by nanoliposomal irinotecan/fluorouracil/leucovorin and treatment outcomes in the NAPOLEON-2 study (NN-2301)
Authors: Araki Tomonori , Sonoda Yuki , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Otsuka Taiga , Hayashi Kohei , Honda Takuya , Nakao Kazuhiko , Shibuki Taro , Nakazawa Junichi , Arima Shiho , Miwa Keisuke , Okabe Yoshinobu , Koga Futa , Ueda Yujiro , Kubotsu Yoshihito , Shimokawa Hozumi , Takeshita Shigeyuki , Komori Azusa , Nishikawa Kazuo , Otsu Satoshi , Hosokawa Ayumu , Oda Hisanobu , Sakai Tatsunori , Arita Shuji , Kawahira Machiko , Taguchi Hiroki , Tsuneyoshi Kengo , Kawaguchi Yasunori , Fujita Toshihiro , Sakae Takahiro , Shirakawa Tsuyoshi , Mizuta Toshihiko , Mitsugi Kenji
Published: January 2025

The relationship between nanoliposomal irinotecan/fluorouracil/leucovorin (NFF) treatment outcomes and neutropenia in patients with pancreatic cancer has not been thoroughly examined. Thus, we conducted a retrospective analysis of data from patients with pancreatic cancer who were treated with NFF to investigate this relationship. Neutropenia was assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events across three cutoffs: A (grade 0 versus grade 1–4), B (grades 0–1 versus 2–4), and C (grades 0–2 versus 3–4). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoints were overall response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and relative dose intensity. Of the 161 patients, 93, 8, 22, 30, and 8 patients had neutropenia of grades 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The overall response rates differed significantly at cutoff C (p = 0.02), with the odds ratio for cutoff C being the highest, followed by cutoffs B and A. Significant differences in OS were observed at cutoffs A (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44–0.94; p = 0.02) and B (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43–0.92, p = 0.02). Similarly, PFS showed significant differences at cutoffs A and B (p < 0.01). NFF-induced neutropenia can be a useful prognostic factor for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Behavioral and neurophysiological effects of electrical stunning on zebrafish larvae
Authors: Burkhardt David-Samuel , Leyden Claire , Thomas Carina , Brysch Christian , Dehmelt Florian Alexander , Arrenberg Aristides B.
Published: January 2025

Two methods dominate the way that zebrafish larvae are euthanized after experimental procedures: anesthetic overdose and rapid cooling. Although MS-222 is easy to apply, this anesthetic takes about a minute to act and fish show aversive reactions and interindividual differences, limiting its reliability. Rapid cooling kills larvae after several hours and is not listed as an approved method in the relevant European Union directive. Electrical stunning is a promising alternative euthanasia method for zebrafish but has not yet been fully established. Here we characterize both behavioral and neurophysiological effects of electrical stunning in 4-day-old zebrafish larvae. We identified the electric field characteristics and stimulus duration (50 V/cm alternating current for 32 s) that reliably euthanizes free-swimming larvae and agarose-embedded larvae with an easy-to-implement protocol. Behavioral analysis and calcium neurophysiology show that larvae lose consciousness and stop responding to touch and visual stimuli very quickly (<1 s). Electrically stunned larvae no longer show coordinated brain activity. Their brains instead undergo a series of concerted whole-brain calcium waves over the course of many minutes before the cessation of all brain signals. Consistent with the need to implement the 3R at all stages of animal experimentation, the rapid and reliable euthanasia achieved by electrical stunning has potential for refinement of the welfare of more than 5 million zebrafish used annually in biomedical research worldwide.
Climate change dominates over urbanization in tropical cyclone rainfall patterns
Authors: Deng Zifeng , Villarini Gabriele , Wang Zhaoli
Published: January 2025

The role of climate change and urbanization has typically been considered in isolation of each other and it remains unclear which one has a more dominant effect in terms of changes in rainfall from tropical cyclones. Here, we employ a convection-permitting numerical model to quantify the relative effects of urbanization and climate change on rainfall from ten typhoons across a highly urbanized area in China. We show that climate change is largely responsible for the changes in the spatial pattern and amounts of rainfall from tropical cyclones; on the other hand, urbanization consistently contributes to the redistribution of rainfall, and its positive effects are comparable to those of climate change in the urban core. Although the role of the thermodynamic component in altering tropical-cyclone rainfall increases under a warming climate, these rainfall changes are still largely driven by dynamic effects, especially when considering the role of urbanization.
Spin-orbit interaction driven terahertz nonlinear dynamics in transition metals
Authors: Salikhov Ruslan , Lysne Markus , Werner Philipp , Ilyakov Igor , Schüler Michael , de Oliveira Thales V. A. G. , Ponomaryov Alexey , Arshad Atiqa , Prajapati Gulloo Lal , Deinert Jan-Christoph , Makushko Pavlo , Makarov Denys , Cowan Thomas , Fassbender Jürgen , Lindner Jürgen , Lindner Aleksandra , Ortix Carmine , Kovalev Sergey
Published: January 2025

The interplay of electronic charge, spin, and orbital currents, coherently driven by picosecond long oscillations of light fields in spin-orbit coupled systems, is the foundation of emerging terahertz lightwave spintronics and orbitronics. The essential rules for how terahertz fields interact with these systems in a nonlinear way are still not understood. In this work, we demonstrate a universally applicable electronic nonlinearity originating from spin-orbit interactions in conducting materials, wherein the interplay of light-induced spin and orbital textures manifests. We utilized terahertz harmonic generation spectroscopy to investigate the nonlinear dynamics over picosecond timescales in various transition metal films. We found that the terahertz harmonic generation efficiency scales with the spin Hall conductivity in the studied films, while the phase takes two possible values (shifted by π), depending on the d-shell filling. These findings elucidate the fundamental mechanisms governing non-equilibrium spin and orbital polarization dynamics at terahertz frequencies, which is relevant for potential applications of terahertz spin- and orbital-based devices.
Highly sensitive LC-MRM workflow for quantitation of efflux transporters in rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells: leveraging ProteoExcelTP with MRM prediction capability
Authors: Jadav Tarang , Rajput Niraj , Sengupta Pinaki
Published: January 2025

This article reveals that bictegravir can significantly induce the BCRP transporter in rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The developed LC-MS/MS method will be useful for the accurate quantification of clinically relevant efflux transporters.
A quinoline-malononitrile-based fluorescent probe with aggregation-induced emission effect for the in vivo monitoring of viscosity
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Song Qiuying , He Jing , Jia Hongmin , Shang Zhuye , Zhang Zhiqiang , Meng Qingtao
Published: January 2025

A viscosity fluorescent probe (QM-C2) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect was successfully synthesized and applied to monitor viscosity changes of inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharide, monensin and nystatin in zebrafish and nude mice.
Proton-conducting copper-based MOFs for fuel cells
Authors: Kim Byong June , Park Sun Ho , Díaz-Ramírez Mariana L. , Jeong Nak Cheon
Published: January 2025

Proton conductivity of copper-based MOFs can be enhanced by incorporating polyoxometalates, hydrogen-bonded guest molecules, functionalized organic linkers, and acid-functionalized polymers.
Potassium–telluroether interactions: structural characterisation and computational analysis
Authors: Gray Novan A. G. , Britten James F. , Emslie David J. H.
Published: January 2025

This manuscript describes the first unambiguous examples of s-block–telluroether bonding.
Gauging substituent effect of organic counteranion in hybrid MOFs derived from γ-cyclodextrin: silver nanoparticle formation as test reaction
Authors: Venkataswamy Gangothri M. , Harohally Nanishankar V.
Published: January 2025

A new class of hybrid MOFs were prepared based on γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) as a primary building block and food-origin organic acids as a secondary building block via crystal growth utilizing organic counteranion co-assembly strategy.
Sub-micrometer Li6PS5Cl regulated cathodic Li kinetics in sulfide based all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Lin Yuanyuan , Liu Hanzhou , Hu Yaqi , Lu Yang , Zhang Zongliang , Liu Yang , Chen Yongle , Zhang Kun , Yin Shuo , Liu Fangyang
Published: January 2025

Revealing sub-micrometer Li6PS5Cl regulated cathodic Li kinetics: effectively fills voids and mitigates cathode volume expansion.
Enhanced circular dichroism via multilayer Weyl semimetal material structures optimized with the Runge–Kutta algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jia-Tao , Zheng Ye , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: January 2025

Schematic diagram of the proposed MS and the four types of quasi-periodic sequences.
Mechanism by which micro-nano bubbles impact biofilm growth in drinking water distribution systems
Authors: Luo Aibao , Wang Tianzhi , Luo Peiyuan , Zheng Zhiwei , Fiallos Manuel , Bian Yongning , Khu Soon-Thiam
Published: January 2025

Biofilm growth in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) has become a concern due to the various water quality issues it causes, and thus suitable disinfection methods are required to ensure drinking water safety.
Novel calibration approach for particle size analysis of microplastics by laser ablation single particle-ICP-MS
Authors: Brunnbauer Lukas , Kronlachner Laura , Foisner Elias , Limbeck Andreas
Published: January 2025

This work demonstrates and investigates a calibration approach for sizing microplastic particles using single particle ICP-MS with laser ablation sampling circumventing the need for particulate standard material.
Multi-reactive hydrogel nanovials for temporal control of secretion capture from antibody-secreting cells
Authors: Mellody Michael , Nakagawa Yuta , James Richard , Di Carlo Dino
Published: January 2025

Multi-reactive hydrogel nanovials facilitate temporally-controlled capture of secretions from single antibody-secreting cells enabling high-throughput, specific isolation of antigen-specific clones.
One-dimensional Lieb superlattices: from the discrete to the continuum limit
Authors: Jones Dylan , Mucha-Kruczynski Marcin , Ilie Adelina , Covaci Lucian
Published: January 2025

Tight-binding modelling and band structure evolution of the Lieb lattice under 1D superlattices reveal unexpected symmetry-breaking effects and unique electronic properties.
Controllable synthesis of environmentally stable vdW antiferromagnetic oxyhalide CrOCl
Authors: Banerjee Rounak , Uppala Sai , Kopaczek Jan , Ahmed Sakib , Wu Cheng-Lun , Kumar Mukesh , Yumigeta Kentaro , Celano Umberto , Tongay Seth Ariel
Published: January 2025

This work demonstrates APCVD synthesis of stable 2D CrOCl, a magnetic oxyhalide for spintronics and quantum devices. It reveals controllable gas-phase growth, with characterization confirming high-quality CrOCl free from Cr2O3 and oxidation.
All-in-one photothermal/catalytic flexible membrane for highly efficient desalination and organic pollutant degradation
Authors: Zhao Guanyu , Wang Xuzhen , Qiu Zihan , Zhang Runmeng , Du Qinqin , Zhao Zongbin , Qiu Jieshan
Published: January 2025

A novel nitrogen-containing honeycomb carbon nanosheet (NHC) serves as a photothermal/catalytic agent in the multifunctional evaporator NHC@PEI/MCE, proving efficient vapor generation, stable desalination, and organic pollutant water purification.
Corn silk-derived biomass carbon materials for low-frequency microwave absorption and energy storage
Authors: Shi Juan , Zhang Xi , Zhu Hongyu , Li Deren , Nie Ya , Gao Bo , Xiang Gang
Published: January 2025

Corn silk-derived biomass carbon demonstrates enhanced low-frequency microwave absorption and outstanding energy storage performance attributed to its large specific surface area and abundant N and O heteroatoms.
A Ni2P/NiMoOx nanocone electrocatalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution: tip-enhanced local electric field effect
Authors: Yu Le , Chen Xia , Cheng Shunda , Zhong Tingfeng , Zhou Ruifan , Deng Zihua , Li Li
Published: January 2025

Ni2P/NiMoOx nanocones can effectively enhance the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction through a cross-scale synergistic effect of the mesoscale local electric field and the atomic scale electron structure.
Layered vanadium oxide with tunable layer spacing via dual organic molecule co-insertion for advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Ding Hong , Li Tiantian , Liu Chengyu , Wang Jiali , Zhang Tengfei , Chen Long , Xie Haijiao , Wang Gang , Gu Tiantian
Published: January 2025

Different layer spacings of V2O5 were obtained through dual organic molecule co-insertion. Herein, VNK4 (8.76 Å) exhibits excellent long-cycle life as the cathode of zinc-ion batteries, revealing the importance of regulating the layer spacing.
Oxygen-coordinated MOF membrane facilitated construction of supported Co2P/CoP@C heterostructures for water electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Chongxi , Li Fengting , Wu Dong , Guo Qingmeng , Liu Zhanning , Wang Zhikun , Kang Zixi , Fan Lili , Sun Daofeng
Published: January 2025

Pre-construction of the Co/CoO@C heterostructure to achieve the precise synthesis of the Co2P/CoP@C heterostructure based on the oxygen-coordinated MOF membrane for water electrolysis.
A cost-effective and innovative detector for iron ions
Authors: Guo Yanhui , Zhu Jiayi , Dai Yumei , Chen Long , Li Weibing , Yuan Zihang , Zhou Jie , Tang En
Published: January 2025

Severe environmental contamination can result from high concentrations of iron ions, which can have a detrimental impact on human health and well-being.
Lignocellulose saccharification: historical insights and recent industrial advancements towards 2nd generation sugars
Authors: Bueno Moron Jorge , van Klink Gerard P. M. , Gruter Gert-Jan M.
Published: January 2025

This study reviews saccharification technologies, focusing on HCl-based methods, their industrial evolution, and challenges in scaling, emphasizing the historical progress and ongoing need for innovation.
Anomalous near-infrared emission and the underlying “structure-luminescence” correlation in the multi-peak emission system of KScF4:Yb3+,Mn2+
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Han Xinxin , Zhang Ni , Wang Lingyi , Deng Hengjuan , Cao Sheng , Zhao Jialong , Zou Bingsuo
Published: January 2025

Anomalous broadband NIR emission (both in Stokes and UC) is achieved in KScF4:Yb3+,Mn2+ phosphor, which is attributed to the super-exchange coupled MnSc1–MnSc2 dimers. This phosphor has application prospects in night vision, bio-imaging, etc.
Frequency and temperature dependent dielectric properties of CoFe2−xYxO4: polarization and conduction mechanisms related to crystallographic symmetry and electronic transitions
Authors: Raj R. S. Arun , Joseph Aruna , Hussain Shamima , Fahad Mohd , Maity Tuhin , Sarun P. M. , Joy Lija K.
Published: January 2025

We highlighted the enhancement of dielectric properties in CoFe2O4 with yttrium substitution and explained its polarization and conduction mechanisms with respect to temperature and frequency from a novel perspective.
Water-triggered optical response in Tb3+-doped CaSnF6 crystals for high-security anti-counterfeiting application
Authors: Chen Dongxun , Xie Fei , Lv Xulong , Zhang Yi , Liang Yanjie
Published: January 2025

An irreversible phase transformation of CaSnF6:Tb3+ crystals upon exposure to water was reported for the first time, accompanied by the formation of CaF2:Tb3+ nanocrystals and a notable increase in green emission intensity.
Correction: Acid catalyst screening for hydrolysis of post-consumer PET waste and exploration of acidolysis
Authors: Pereira Patrícia , Savage Phillip E. , Pester Christian W.
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Acid catalyst screening for hydrolysis of post-consumer PET waste and exploration of acidolysis’ by Patrícia Pereira et al., Green Chem., 2024, 26, 1964–1974, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC03906D.
Seeing Into the Future: Adults' Accuracy Predicting the Vocabulary of Early Symbolic Communicators Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Frick Semmler Bethany J. , Kitsmiller Hannah , Bean Allison
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Vocabulary access is important for individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), especially for children in the early stages of language learning. This study sought to understand how accurate speech-language pathologists (SLPs), teachers, and parents are in predicting the vocabulary needed by early symbolic communicators who use AAC in three contexts.

Method:

Ten groups, each with a child who used AAC as their primary mode of communication and who was classified as an early symbolic communicator and their parent, teacher, and SLP, participated. The parents, teachers, and SLPs predicted a vocabulary list of words children who use AAC needed to participate in a dinner, a math lesson, and a speech session using the blank page method and categorical inventories technique. Children were then recorded in 15-min videos participating in the three contexts. Words were recorded and compared to the words predicted.

Results:

There was large variability in the accuracy of percentage of words the children used that were predicted by the adults out of all the words the children used. The adults were significantly more accurate predicting the vocabulary for the math lesson than the dinner.

Conclusions:

Parents, teachers, and SLPs predicted much of the vocabulary of early symbolic communicators who use AAC. Implications for early vocabulary selection and alternatives to predicting vocabulary are discussed.
Towards an optimal marked correlation function analysis for the detection of modified gravity
Authors: Kärcher M. , Bel J. , de la Torre S.
Published: January 2025

Modified gravity (MG) theories have emerged as a promising alternative to explain the late-time acceleration of the Universe. However, the detection of MG in observations of the large-scale structure remains challenging due to the screening mechanisms that obscure any deviations from general relativity (GR) in high-density regions. The marked two-point correlation function, which is particularly sensitive to the surrounding environment, offers a promising approach to enhancing the discriminating power in clustering analyses and to potentially detecting MG signals. This work investigates novel marks based on large-scale environment estimates, which also that exploit the anti-correlation between objects in low- and high-density regions. This is the first time that the propagation of discreteness effects in marked correlation functions is investigated in depth. In contrast to standard correlation functions, the density-dependent marked correlation function estimated from catalogues is affected by shot noise in a non-trivial way. We assess the performance of various marks to distinguish GR from MG. This is achieved through the use of the ELEPHANT suite of simulations, which comprise five realisations of GR and two different MG theories: f(R) and nDGP. In addition, discreteness effects are thoroughly studied using the high-density Covmos catalogues. We have established a robust method to correct for shot-noise effects that can be used in practical analyses. This methods allows the recovery of the true signal, with an accuracy below 5% over the scales of 5 h−1 Mpc up to 150 h−1 Mpc. We find that such a correction is absolutely crucial to measure the amplitude of the marked correlation function in an unbiased manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that marks that anti-correlate objects in low- and high-density regions are among the most effective in distinguishing between MG and GR; they also uniquely provide visible deviations on large scales, up to about 80 h−1 Mpc. We report differences in the marked correlation function between f(R) with |fR0| = 10−6 and GR simulations of the order of 3–5σ in real space. The redshift-space monopole of the marked correlation function in this MG scenario exhibits similar features and performance as the real-space marked correlation function. The combination of the proposed tanh-mark with shot-noise correction paves the way towards an optimal approach for the detection of MG in current and future spectroscopic galaxy surveys.
Efficient magnetohydrodynamic modelling of the time-evolving corona by COCONUT
Authors: Wang H. P. , Poedts S. , Lani A. , Brchnelova M. , Baratashvili T. , Linan L. , Zhang F. , Hou D. W. , Zhou Y. H.
Published: January 2025

Context. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) solar corona models are critical in the Sun-to-Earth modelling chain and are the most complex and computationally intensive component. Compared to quasi-steady-state corona models that are constrained by a time-invariant magnetogram over a Carrington rotation (CR) period, time-evolving corona models driven by time-varying photospheric magnetograms are more realistic and can maintain more useful information to accurately describe solar wind evolution and forecast coronal mass ejection propagation.

Aims. Implicit methods have significantly improved the efficiency of quasi-steady MHD coronal modelling. However, developing efficient time-evolving corona models to improve space weather forecasting is also important. This paper aims to demonstrate that time-evolving corona simulations can be performed efficiently and accurately using an implicit method with relatively large time steps, thus reducing the overall computational cost. We also evaluate differences between coronal structures captured by time-evolving and quasi-steady simulations over a CR period during solar minimum.

Methods. We extended the quasi-steady COCONUT model, a global MHD corona model that uses implicit methods to select large time steps, into a time-evolving corona model. Specifically, we used a series of hourly updated photospheric magnetograms to drive the evolution of coronal structures from the solar surface to 25 Rs during two CRs around the 2019 eclipse in an inertial coordinate system. At each time step, the inner-boundary magnetic field was temporal-interpolated and updated from adjacent observation-based magnetograms. We compare the time-evolving and quasi-steady simulations to demonstrate that the differences in these two types of coronal modelling can be obvious even for a solar minimum. The relative differences in radial velocity and density can be over 15% and 25% at 20 Rs during one CR period. We also evaluated the impact of time steps on the simulation results. Using a time step of approximately 10 minutes balances efficiency and necessary numerical stability and accuracy for time-evolving corona simulations around solar minima. The chosen 10-minute time step significantly exceeds the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy stability condition needed for explicit corona modelling, and the time-evolving COCONUT can thus simulate the coronal evolution during a full CR within only 9 hours (using 1080 CPU cores for 1.5M grid cells).

Results. The simulation results demonstrate that time-evolving MHD coronal simulations can be performed efficiently and accurately using an implicit method, offering a more realistic alternative to quasi-steady-state simulations. The fully implicit time-evolving corona model thus promises to simulate the time-evolving corona accurately in practical space weather forecasting.
Variations in Venusian magnetic topology during an interplanetary coronal mass ejection passage: A multifluid magnetohydrodynamics study
Authors: Zhao Jianing , Lu Haoyu , Cao Jinbin , Mazelle Christian , Ge Yasong , Li Shibang , Chen Nihan , Song Yihui , Wang Jianxuan , Cao Yuchen
Published: January 2025

The global effects on Venusian magnetic topology and ion escape during the significant solar-wind disturbances caused by the interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) remain an open area of research. This study examined a particularly intense ICME interaction with Venus on November 5, 2011, using a global multifluid magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model. To evaluate Venus’s time-dependent response to the event, the model was driven by varying solar-wind input conditions. The numerical results indicate that there are more draped and open magnetic-field lines at low altitudes due to deeper interplanetary magnetic-field (IMF) penetration resulting from the enhanced solar-wind dynamic pressure during the ICME. Conversely, the closed magnetic-field lines gradually decrease after the ICME reaches Venus due to the reduction in magnetic reconnection influenced by a shift in the magnetic topology direction. In the magnetotail escape channel, the increased presence of open field lines intersecting the ionosphere promotes greater ion outflow, thereby facilitating ion escape. The escape rates of planetary ions are enhanced by about an order of magnitude under ICME sheath conditions. This comprehensive investigation of the global distribution of magnetic topology around Venus provides valuable insights into the magnetic-field properties and ion escape during disturbed conditions.
The Southern Twenty-centimetre All-sky Polarization Survey (STAPS): Survey description and maps
Authors: Sun X. , Haverkorn M. , Carretti E. , Landecker T. , Gaensler B. M. , Poppi S. , Staveley-Smith L. , Gao X. , Han J.
Published: January 2025

We present data processing and verification of the Southern Twenty-centimetre All-sky Polarization Survey (STAPS) conducted with Murriyang, the Parkes 64-m telescope. The survey covers the sky area of −89° < Dec < 0° and the frequency range of 1.3–1.8 GHz split into 1-MHz channels. STAPS was observed commensally with the S-band Polarization All-Sky Survey (S-PASS). The survey is composed of long azimuth scans, which allows us to absolutely calibrate Stokes Q and U with the data processing procedure developed for S-PASS. We obtained I, Q, and U maps on both the flux density scale (Jy beam−1) and the main beam brightness temperature scale (K), for the 301 frequency channels with sufficiently good data. The temperature scale is tied to the Global Magneto-ionic Medium Survey (GMIMS) high-band north sky survey conducted with the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory 26-m telescope. All the STAPS maps are smoothed to a common resolution of 20′. The root mean square (rms) noise per channel ranges from about 16 mK to 8 mK for I, and from about 8 mK to 5 mK for Q and U, at frequencies from 1.3 to 1.8 GHz. The rms noise in Q and U varies with declination and reaches minimum at declination of −89°. We also ran rotation measure (RM) synthesis and RM clean to obtain peak polarized intensity and Faraday depth maps. The whole STAPS data processing was validated by comparing flux densities of compact sources, pixel flux density versus pixel flux density for Cen A, pixel temperature versus pixel temperature for the entire survey area, and the RMs of extragalactic sources between STAPS and other measurements. The uncertainty of the flux density scale is less than 10%. STAPS delivers an L-band (λ20 cm) multifrequency polarization view of the Galaxy, and will help advance our understanding of the Galactic magnetic field and magnetized interstellar medium.
Peri-operative intrastromal corneal segmentation after creation of corneal cuts based on laser induced optical breakdown: A perspective study
Authors: Mehrjoo Masoud , Pacuraru Alexander , Krüger Luise , Beck Florian , Doll Konrad , Mosquera Samuel Arba
Published: January 2025

Refractive correction techniques, such as Lenticule Extraction and LASIK, are pivotal in corneal surgery. Precise morphological characterization is essential for identifying post-operative complications, which can be compromised by image noise and low contrast. This study introduces an automated image processing algorithm that integrates non-local denoising, the Sobel gradient method, and Bayesian optimization to accurately delineate lenticule volumes and flap surfaces. Validated on 60 ex vivo porcine eyes treated with the SCHWIND ATOS femtosecond laser, the algorithm demonstrated high accuracy compared to the manual gold standard while effectively reducing variability.
Navigation versus Robotik in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie – Pro Robotik
Authors: Kudernatsch Manfred
Published: January 2025

Der erste durch einen Roboter unterstützte Wirbelsäuleneingriff wurde vor 20 Jahren
durchgeführt. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt waren bereits optische Navigationssysteme verfügbar, die
überwiegend kranial, aber auch spinal eingesetzt wurden. Verglichen mit der sich rasch
verbreitenden Navigation etablierte sich die spinale Robotik anfangs nur langsam. In den
letzten zehn Jahren gab es jedoch einen entscheidenden Entwicklungsschub, bei dem die optische
Navigation mit robotischen Assistenzarmen kombiniert wurde. Aktuell kommen auch in der
Wirbelsäulenchirurgie erste aktive Endeffektoren zum Einsatz. Durch das ideale Zusammenspiel
mit intraoperativer 3D-Bildgebung bieten moderne navigierte OP-Roboter eine sehr präzise,
sichere, zeit- und strahlensparende Unterstützung im OP-Saal. Nicht nur der Patient, sondern
auch das OP-Personal – OTA und Operateure – profitieren von dieser Technologie. Es gelingt
komplexe spinale Operationen mit einem niedrigeren physischen und psychischen Anspannungsgrad
durchzuführen. Die Integration von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI), maschinellem Lernen (ML),
Augmented Reality (AR) sowie die Weiterentwicklung aktiver Funktionen bieten zukünftig
weitreichende Innovationsmöglichkeiten in der Operationsplanung und Durchführung. Navigierte
robotische Assistenz stellt somit nicht nur eine konsequente Weiterentwicklung der spinalen
Navigation dar, sondern ist ein Instrument im Operationssaal, welches das Potential hat,
synergistisch mit dem Operateur zu interagieren.
The Diagnostic Assessment of Inherited Platelet Function Defects - Part 1: An Overview of the Diagnostic Approach and Laboratory Methods
Authors: Hoepner Gero , Althaus Karina , Müller Jens , Zieger Barbara , Pavlova Anna , Boeckelmann Doris , Knöfler Ralf , Bugert Peter , Kehrel Beate , Streif Werner , Birschmann Ingvild , Rühl Heiko , Sachs Ulrich , Prüller Florian , Zaninetti Carlo , Schulze Harald , Cooper Nina , Jurk Kerstin , Bakchoul Tamam
Published: January 2025

In this article, our goal is to offer an introduction and overview of the diagnostic approach to inherited platelet function defects (iPFDs) for clinicians and laboratory personnel who are beginning to engage in the field. We describe the most commonly used laboratory methods and propose a diagnostic four-step approach, wherein each stage requires a higher level of expertise and more specialized methods. It should be noted that our proposed approach differs from the ISTH Guidance on this topic in some points. The first step in the diagnostic approach of iPFD should be a thorough medical history and clinical examination. We strongly advocate for the use of a validated bleeding score like the ISTH-BAT (International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Bleeding Assessment Tool). External factors like diet and medication have to be considered. The second step should rule out plasmatic bleeding disorders and von Willebrand disease. Once this has been accomplished, the third step consists of a thorough platelet investigation of platelet phenotype and function. Established methods consist of blood smear analysis by light microscopy, light transmission aggregometry, and flow cytometry. Additional techniques such as lumiaggregometry, immune fluorescence microscopy, and platelet-dependent thrombin generation help confirm and specify the diagnosis of iPFD. In the fourth and last step, genetic testing can confirm a diagnosis, reveal novel mutations, and allow to compare unclear genetics with lab results. If diagnosis cannot be established through this process, experimental methods such as electron microscopy can give insight into the underlying disease.
19-Year Follow-up on Patients with Axenfeld-Rieger Anomaly or Syndrome and Fuchsʼ Endothelial Dystrophy Including the 6th Generation in a Pedigree
Authors: Schuknecht Angelika , Wachtl Josephine , Baumer Alessandra , Kniestedt Christoph
Published: January 2025

Background Nineteen-year follow-up after initial examination on patients with Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly or syndrome (ARAS) and coexisting Fuchsʼ endothelial dystrophy (FED). All individuals had previously been tested positive for the PITX2 (g.20 913 G>T) mutation. Additionally, we addressed their descendants for phenotype and genotype examination to determine their penetrance into the next generations.

Patients and Methods Twenty-nine patients (9 patients and 20 of their descendants) participated in this prospective observational study. Nine patients were examined and tested positive for the PITX variant (g.20 913 G>T) in our previous study in 2001. Fourteen descendants were genetically and clinically examined. Six descendants were not available for clinical examination but donated saliva samples for genetic analysis. Ophthalmic examination was performed, consisting of visual acuity (VA) testing, applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, and anterior segment and central fundus biomicroscopy. Peripapillary optical coherence tomography (pOCT) was performed, and endothelial cell density (ECD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured. Clinical disease progression in patients with a positive PITX2 mutation, genetic defect transmission, and clinical penetrance in subsequent third to sixth generations were the main outcome measures.

Results Ten out of twenty descendants tested positive for the PITX2 variant (g.20 913 G>T). Eight were identified as being affected by ARAS. FED was found in six patients. All of them showed ARAS. Third generation patients (mean age 82) progressed significantly in both coexisting diseases. Four of six eyes ended up in corneal edema, with VA below 0.2. Glaucoma assessment was compromised due to corneal edema. Fourth generation patients (mean age 43) showed a mean CCT of 611 µm, ECD of 1230, and intraocular pressure (IOP) of 17.5 mmHg and thinning of the peripapillary nerve fiber layer. One eye was newly diagnosed with glaucoma, elevated IOP, and mild corneal edema. Fifth generation patients (mean age 27) presented with a mean CCT of 564 µm, ECD of 2802, and IOP of 14.4 mmHg.

Conclusion Genetic analysis confirmed the PITX2 (g.20 913 G>T) mutation was associated with Axenfeld-Rieger and FED in 10 of 20 descendants in this family. This matches the autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with a probability of 50%. Glaucoma and corneal decompensation were progressive over 19 years, with variable expression and early onset in subsequent pedigree members.
Introduction of Patient-reported Outcome Measures in a Cardiac Surgery Center
Authors: Bilger Selina , Koechlin Luca , Gahl Brigitta , Miazza Jules , Vöhringer Luise , Berdajs Denis , Rüter Florian , Reuthebuch Oliver
Published: January 2025

Background Although patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as an integral part of value-based healthcare have important potential for clinical issues, e.g., for shared decision-making, data are limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to report initial results when introducing PROMs in the setting of cardiac surgery.

Methods Patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were included. Three questionnaires (Seattle Angina Questionnaire 7 [SAQ-7], Rose Dyspnea Scale [RDS], and Patient Health Questionnaire 2 [PHQ-2]) were either administered via iPad (in-hospital) or via a web-based tool (at home). Baseline PROMs were completed at admission. Follow-ups were conducted at 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. We investigated the probability of improvement using multilevel, mixed-effects, ordered logistic regression.

Results Overall, 99 patients answered the questionnaires preoperatively, 84 of whom answered at least one questionnaire postoperatively. No patient died within the hospitalization. Median (IQR) length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 1.0 (1.0 to 2.0) days. In all dimensions of any PROMs questionnaire, OR was above 1, indicating that most patients reported improvement 1 to 2 years after surgery by at least 1 grade. In the exploratory analysis we found age ≥75 years positively associated with a significantly greater improvement of the SAQ-7 angina frequency and SAQ-7 quality of life score. Length of stay in the ICU showed no significant association with any PROMs at midterm follow-up.

Conclusion In patients undergoing CABG, after a decline within 30 days postoperatively, quality of life–related outcomes improved markedly in a midterm follow-up compared with the preoperative state.