bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Molecular Docking and DFT Study of Potent Antileishmanial Agents Based on the Thiazolo[3, 2‐a]pyrimidine Chemical Scaffold
Authors: Chaturvedi Radha N. , Arish Mohd , Kashif Mohammad , Kumar Varinder , Reenu  , Pendem Krishnaiah , Rub Abdur , Malhotra Sunita
Published: March 2018

A series of 20 compounds having thiazolo[3, 2‐a]pyrimidine chemical scaffold were synthesized and evaluated for their antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania donovani. Amongst all, two compounds showed promising antileishmanial activity in comparison to other compounds. Inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) was calculated as 42.1 μM and 25.1 μM with selectivity index of 8.3 and 6.05, respectively against Miltefosine (reference drug) 37.78 μM with selectivity index of 2.05. To confirm the target of the these molecules, we modelled Leishmania donovani Ca2+ ion channel (LdCC) protein and performed the docking analysis of the best antileishmanial activity exhibiting inhibitors. The free energy of binding was observed as −10.2 and −9.6 kcal mol−1 in comparison to reference drug −6.2 kcal mol−1. It also makes several hydrogen bonds with our conserved residue Ser1655, Tyr1598 and Asn927. Furthermore, several hydrophobic contacts were also observed within the pocket. Finally, computational work employing density functional theory (DFT) was also carried out to investigate the electronic properties of the synthesized compounds. The in vitro and in silico activities conclusively revealed that our lead compounds may be used as a novel therapeutics against leishmaniasis.
Web‐Like Interconnected Carbon Networks from NaCl‐Assisted Pyrolysis of ZIF‐8 for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Qian Yuhong , An Tao , Birgersson Karl Erik , Liu Zhaolin , Zhao Dan
Published: March 2018

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is under intense research due to its significance in energy storage and conversion processes. Recent studies show that interconnected and hierarchically porous structures can further enhance ORR kinetics as well as catalyst durability, but their preparation can be quite time and/or chemical consuming. Here, a simple approach is reported to prepare such complex structures by pyrolyzing composites containing NaCl and ZIF‐8. The templating effect of molten NaCl connects ZIF‐8 particles into web‐like carbon networks. During ORR activity measurements, it achieves a 0.964 V onset potential and a 38 mV dec−1 Tafel slope, which are comparable to those of the benchmark Pt/C (0.979 V and 40 mV dec−1). Due to the metal‐free feature, this catalyst exhibits a 16 mV shift in half‐wave potential after a 10 000‐cycle durability test, which is only 60% of that of Pt/C. The catalyst is also tested in Zn–air batteries and the assemblies are able to work at above 1.2 V for 140 h, which triples the life held by those with Pt/C. This study demonstrates a facile strategy to prepare metal‐free ORR catalysts with interconnectivity and hierarchical porosity, and proves their great potentials in ORR catalysis and Zn–air batteries.
Microfluidic Contact Lenses
Authors: Jiang Nan , Montelongo Yunuen , Butt Haider , Yetisen Ali K.
Published: March 2018

Contact lens is a ubiquitous technology used for vision correction and cosmetics. Sensing in contact lenses has emerged as a potential platform for minimally invasive point‐of‐care diagnostics. Here, a microlithography method is developed to fabricate microconcavities and microchannels in a hydrogel‐based contact lens via a combination of laser patterning and embedded templating. Optical microlithography parameters influencing the formation of microconcavities including ablation power (4.3 W) and beam speed (50 mm s−1) are optimized to control the microconcavity depth (100 µm) and diameter (1.5 mm). The fiber templating method allows the production of microchannels having a diameter range of 100–150 µm. Leak‐proof microchannel and microconcavity connections in contact lenses are validated through flow testing of artificial tear containing fluorescent microbeads (Ø = 1–2 µm). The microconcavities of contact lenses are functionalized with multiplexed fluorophores (2 µL) to demonstrate optical excitation and emission capability within the visible spectrum. The fabricated microfluidic contact lenses may have applications in ophthalmic monitoring of metabolic disorders at point‐of‐care settings and controlled drug release for therapeutics.
Effect of Micro‐Alloy Elements on Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of a High‐Manganese Steel
Authors: Ezatpour Hamid Reza , Torabi‐Parizi Marziyeh , Ebrahimi Gholam Reza , Momeni Amir
Published: March 2018

In this research, the hot deformation behavior and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of strategic Nb and V‐bearing high‐Mn steels are investigated. Therefore, the hot compression tests are performed at temperature range of 850–1150 °C with temperature interval of 100 °C and strain rates of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 s−1. The peak stress, temperature, and strain rate for steels are related by the hyperbolic sine function and the average activation energies for high Mn‐steel, V‐bearing steel and Nb‐bearing steel are obtained 495, 510, and 433 kJ mol−1. The peak stress‐temperature plots show the higher peak stress for Nb bearing steel due to finer initial grains and the presence of NbC precipitates in microstructure. Microstructure results show that DRX as necklace structure is the main mechanism of work softening during process for steels whiles the start of DRX for Nb‐bearing steel is occurred at lower strains than other steels.
Addressing Sexual Violence as Student Affairs Work
Authors: Landreman Lisa M. , Williamsen Kaaren M.
Published: March 2018

In this chapter, we outline the challenges campuses face in addressing sexual violence and Title IX compliance. We argue that there are critical roles for student affairs professionals in Title IX work in developing effective campus sexual violence prevention and response strategies.
Going Upstream: Policy as Sexual Violence Prevention and Response
Authors: Iverson Susan V. , Issadore Michelle N.
Published: March 2018

Policy can and should be used as a tool of sexual violence prevention and response. In this chapter, we explore the historical, social justice, compliance, and best practice rationales for approaching policy development and revision differently.
Supporting Preschoolers’ Writing Identities in the Scribbling Phase
Authors: Emerson Andrea M. , Hall Anna H.
Published: March 2018

The early emergent stage of writing consists of drawing and scribbling. This article provides a rationale for teachers to reframe their dispositions toward scribbling and reshape their interactions with writers in the early emergent stage. These teaching tips were derived from the authors’ study of teacher, parent, and young students’ perceptions of scribbling and highlight the importance of positive teacher interactions regarding the scribbling phase of early emergent writers to maintain students’ self‐efficacy, motivation, and writing identity in preschool classrooms. Practical strategies, positive verbal responses, and engaging questions are provided for teachers to acknowledge and encourage scribbling as early writing.
Comparative analysis on dielectric properties of polymer composites reinforced with synthetic and natural fibers
Authors: Jayamani Elammaran , Tay Chen Peng , Bakri Muhammad Khusairy Bin , Kakar Akshay
Published: March 2018

This article presents the study of dielectric properties of synthetic and natural fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Bamboo and glass fibers were both chopped and woven. These fibers were then used for reinforcing epoxy, with different fiber loadings. The dielectric properties of these composites were studied with reference to their fiber loadings, frequencies, and chemical treatment of the natural fibers at room temperature. It was found that dielectric properties increased with the increase in the concentration of fibers filled in the epoxy matrix, for the entire frequency range. This was due to the increase in the orientation and interfacial polarization. The treated fiber composites had lower dielectric properties due to decreased hydrophilicity of the natural fiber. The chopped glass fibers reinforced epoxy composites have the highest dielectric constant, among all tested composites. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:E201–E216, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Global bifurcations of symmetric cross‐ply composite laminated plates with 1:2 internal resonance
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Fangqi
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates the global bifurcations and chaotic dynamics for nonlinear oscillations of symmetric cross‐ply composite laminated plates in case of 1:2 internal resonance. The higher‐dimensional Melnikov method and its extensions developed by Kovai and Wiggins is employed to analyze the global bifurcations for composite laminated plates. The explicitly sufficient conditions of the existence of Silnikov‐type homoclinic orbits in perturbed phase space are gained, which may lead to chaotic motions for composite laminated plates. Finally, numerical results obtained by fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method also indicate that there exist the jumping phenomena and chaotic responses for the nonlinear composite laminated plates, which agree with theoretic predictions.
Progress test utopia
Authors: Van der Vleuten Cees , Freeman Adrian , Collares Carlos Fernando
Published: March 2018

This paper discusses the advantages of progress testing. A utopia is described where medical schools would work together to develop and administer progress testing. This would lead to a significant reduction of cost, an increase in the quality of measurement and phenomenal feedback to learner and school. Progress testing would also provide more freedom and resources for more creative in-school assessment. It would be an educationally attractive alternative for the creation of cognitive licensing exams. A utopia is always far away in the future, but by formulating a vision for that future we may engage in discussions on how to get there.
Parenting stress and DNA methylation among African Americans in the InterGEN Study
Authors: Wright Michelle L. , Huang Yunfeng , Hui Qin , Newhall Kevin , Crusto Cindy , Sun Yan V. , Taylor Jacquelyn Y.
Published: March 2018

Introduction

General life stress has been associated with altered DNA methylation in individuals of African Ancestry, although the relationship between parenting stress and DNA methylation has not been described. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between maternal parenting stress and DNA methylation among African Ancestry mother-child dyads.

Methods

We evaluated epigenome-wide DNA methylation relative to parenting stress in 74 mother-child dyads using linear mixed models.

Results

Significant variation in maternal DNA methylation at 95 CpG sites was associated with level of parenting stress. Notably, we identified a change in DNA methylation associated with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, which plays a key role in stress signaling. We did not identify any significant variation in child DNA methylation related to maternal parenting stress.

Conclusions

However, DNA methylation patterns observed in children mirrored patterns observed in their mothers. The results suggest that differential maternal DNA methylation is associated with higher levels of parenting stress.
Where is My Name? – Contemporary Funeral Posters as an Arena of Contestation and (Re)negotiation of Chiefly Relations Among the Ewe of Ghana and Togo
Authors: Adotey Edem
Published: March 2018

In Ghana and other regions of West Africa a funeral poster is an important part of funerary ritual. Examining two funeral posters – one about omission and the other about inclusion of names – printed to commemorate two chiefs in two Ewe communities in Ghana and Togo, this article shows funeral posters as arenas of contestation, negotiation, affirmation, and elaboration of beliefs and conflicting views. The article argues that funeral posters are written with a local audience in mind, which means that they are a very useful source for historical enquiry about how people address the subjects of kinship and relationships among chiefs.
A hierarchical random additive model for passive scalars in wall-bounded flows at high Reynolds numbers
Authors: Yang Xiang I. A. , Abkar Mahdi
Published: March 2018

The kinematics of a fully developed passive scalar is modelled using the hierarchical random additive process (HRAP) formalism. Here, ‘a fully developed passive scalar’ refers to a scalar field whose instantaneous fluctuations are statistically stationary, and the ‘HRAP formalism’ is a recently proposed interpretation of the Townsend attached eddy hypothesis. The HRAP model was previously used to model the kinematics of velocity fluctuations in wall turbulence:$u=\sum _{i=1}^{N_{z}}a_{i}$, where the instantaneous streamwise velocity fluctuation at a generic wall-normal location$z$is modelled as a sum of additive contributions from wall-attached eddies ($a_{i}$) and the number of addends is$N_{z}\sim \log (\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}/z)$. The HRAP model admits generalized logarithmic scalings including$\langle \unicode[STIX]{x1D719}^{2}\rangle \sim \log (\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}/z)$,$\langle \unicode[STIX]{x1D719}(x)\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}(x+r_{x})\rangle \sim \log (\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}/r_{x})$,$\langle (\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}(x)-\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}(x+r_{x}))^{2}\rangle \sim \log (r_{x}/z)$, where$\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$is the streamwise velocity fluctuation,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$is an outer length scale,$r_{x}$is the two-point displacement in the streamwise direction and$\langle \cdot \rangle$denotes ensemble averaging. If the statistical behaviours of the streamwise velocity fluctuation and the fluctuation of a passive scalar are similar, we can expect first that the above mentioned scalings also exist for passive scalars (i.e. for$\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$being fluctuations of scalar concentration) and second that the instantaneous fluctuations of a passive scalar can be modelled using the HRAP model as well. Such expectations are confirmed using large-eddy simulations. Hence the work here presents a framework for modelling scalar turbulence in high Reynolds number wall-bounded flows.
BRANCHING SYSTEMS FOR HIGHER-RANK GRAPH C*-ALGEBRAS
Authors: GONÇALVES DANIEL , LI HUI , ROYER DANILO
Published: March 2018

We define branching systems for finitely aligned higher-rank graphs. From these, we construct concrete representations of higher-rank graph C*-algebras on Hilbert spaces. We prove a generalized Cuntz–Krieger uniqueness theorem for periodic single-vertex 2-graphs. We use this result to give a sufficient condition under which representations of periodic single-vertex 2-graph C*-algebras arising from branching systems are faithful.
Improvement of plant performance under water deficit with the employment of biological and chemical priming agents
Authors: Balestrini R. , Chitarra W. , Antoniou C. , Ruocco M. , Fotopoulos V.
Published: March 2018

Drought represents one of the major constraints on agricultural productivity and food security and in future is destined to spread widely as a consequence of climate change. Research efforts are focused on developing strategies to make crops more resilient and to mitigate the effects of stress on crop production. In this context, the use of root-associated microbial communities and chemical priming strategies able to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, including drought, have attracted increasing attention in recent years. The current review offers an overview of recent research aimed at verifying the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and chemical agents to improve plant tolerance to drought and to highlight the mechanisms involved in this improvement. Attention will be devoted mainly to current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in water transport.
Infection patterns and molecular data reveal host and tissue specificity ofPosthodiplostomumspecies in centrarchid hosts
Authors: Boone Evan C. , Laursen Jeffrey R. , Colombo Robert E. , Meiners Scott J. , Romani Michael F. , Keeney Devon B.
Published: March 2018

Posthodiplostomum minimumutilizes a three-host life cycle with multiple developmental stages. The metacercarial stage, commonly known as ‘white grub’, infects the visceral organs of many freshwater fishes and was historically considered a host generalist due to its limited morphological variation among a wide range of hosts. In this study, infection data and molecular techniques were used to evaluate the host and tissue specificity ofPosthodiplostomummetacercariae in centrarchid fishes. Eleven centrarchid species from three genera were collected from the Illinois portion of the Ohio River drainage and necropsied.Posthodiplostomuminfection levels differed significantly by host age, host genera and infection locality. ThreePosthodiplostomumspp. were identified by DNA sequencing, two of which were relatively common within centrarchid hosts. Both common species were host specialists at the genus level, with one species restricted toMicropterushosts and the other preferentially infectingLepomis. Host specificity is likely dictated by physiological compatibility and deviations fromLepomishost specificity may be related to host hybridization.Posthodiplostomumspecies also differed in their utilization of host tissues. Neither common species displayed strong genetic structure over the scale of this study, likely due to their utilization of bird definitive hosts.
APTITUDE, EXPERIENCE, AND SECOND LANGUAGE PRONUNCIATION PROFICIENCY DEVELOPMENT IN CLASSROOM SETTINGS
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Suzukida Yui , Sun Hui
Published: March 2018

The current study longitudinally examined the influence of aptitude on second language (L2) pronunciation development when 40 first-year Japanese university students engaged in practice activities inside and outside English-as-a-Foreign-Language classrooms over one academic year. Spontaneous speech samples were elicited at the beginning, middle, and end points of the project, analyzed for global, segmental, syllabic, prosodic, and temporal aspects of L2 pronunciation, and linked to their aptitude and experience profiles. Results indicated that the participants generally enhanced the global comprehensibility of their speech (through reducing vowel insertion errors in complex syllables) as a function of increased classroom experience during their first semester, and explicit learning aptitude (associative memory, phonemic coding) appeared to help certain learners further enhance their pronunciation proficiency through the development of fluency and prosody. In the second semester, incidental learning ability (sound sequence recognition) was shown to be a significant predictor of the extent to which certain learners continued to improve and ultimately attain advanced-level L2 comprehensibility, largely thanks to improved segmental accuracy.
La révolte haoussa de Bahia en 1807. Résistance et contrôle des esclaves au Brésil
Authors: Reis João José
Published: March 2018

Développé autour de la conspiration d’esclaves africains en 1807, à Bahia, cet article s’intéresse, d’une part, à la présence africaine en contexte brésilien, aux mentalités religieuses, aux symboles politiques, à l’organisation, aux objectifs et stratégies des rebelles ; d’autre part, il examine la politique de contrôle et de répression du gouvernement colonial. Dans la capitale et dans les régions contiguës aux plantations de canne à sucre, la chasse aux suspects mit à jour un monde complexe de relations sociales, économiques et rituelles, qui englobait les esclaves, les affranchis et les maîtres. On découvre que, à côté de la résistance plus ouverte de la révolte, fleurissait une résistance sourde, moléculaire, caractérisée par la lutte pour des espaces d’autonomie, par la formation de réseaux de solidarité et par la construction d’identités où, cependant, les conflits – tant verticaux qu’horizontaux – ne manquaient pas.
Une histoire pour la Padanie: La Ligue du Nord et l'usage politique du passé
Authors: Avanza Martina
Published: March 2018

Résumés

Revendiquant depuis 1995 l’indépendance de l’Italie septentrionale, rebaptisée Padanie, le parti italien de la Ligue du Nord s’est employé à réécrire l’histoire nationale : non seulement parce qu’il produit un récit nettement séparé pour le Nord et pour le Sud, mais aussi parce qu’il tire les conséquences politiques d’une histoire ainsi construite. S’il affirme que, au XIXesiècle, l’unité nationale n’a pas été le fruit de la volonté populaire, c’est pour démontrer qu’aujourd’hui l’Italie n’a pas de raisons d’être. Outil déconstructionniste concernant l’Italie, l’histoire devient, à propos de la Padanie, un instrument structurant. Il s’agit de souligner l’ancienneté de la communauté padane et d’affirmer sa différence structurelle avec le sud du pays. Dans un tel contexte, les historiens, considérés comme des « intellectuels de régime » parce qu’ils nient l’existence de la Padanie et confrontés à l’instrumentalisation possible de leur oeuvre, sont obligés de se repositionner. En effet, comment produire aujourd’hui une analyse critique de l’unité italienne, ce qui était le fait de l’historiographie liée à la gauche, sans pour autant légitimer l’indépendantisme padan ?
«Un Américain (imaginaire) à Paris » Réponse à Carmen Bernand
Authors: Schwartz Stuart B. , Salomon Frank
Published: March 2018

Deux notes critiquesdeThe Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, vol. III,South America[CHNPA] ont été publiées dans lesAnnales:l’une, de Luiz Felipe de Alencastro, relative à l’histoire des peuples natifs du Brésil; l’autre, de Carmen Bernand, portant sur les hautes terres d’Amérique du Sud et le Rio de la Plata. Nous ne dirons (quasiment) rien des commentaires de L. F. de Alencastro : ses critiques et remarques offrent une autre interprétation que celle présentée dans les chapitres consacrés au Brésil. Ainsi notre propos s’adressera-t-il uniquement au point de vue critique de C. Bernand, puisque son article conteste les orientations de l’entreprise éditoriale que nous avons dirigée, offrant une vision alternative de l’américanisme qui y est présenté, qu’elle complète par des perspectives de recherche.
Juifs de Livourne, Italiens de Lisbonne, hindous de Goa: Réseaux marchands et échanges interculturels à l’époque moderne
Authors: Trivellato Francesca
Published: March 2018

Cette étude entend mettre en oeuvre les outils de l’analyse réticulaire dans l’étude des échanges interculturels à l’époque moderne. Dans ce but, elle s’inspire (du point de vue analytique plutôt que mathématique) de la network analysis britannique et des travaux de Fredrik Barth. Face aux débats récents polarisés autour des diasporas négociantes et des réseaux marchands, le recours à l’analyse de réseau présente trois avantages : il oblige l’historien à analyser les relations entre les groupes – et non les relations internes aux groupes – et permet ainsi de surmonter un obstacle commun aux approches anthropologique et économique. Il réduit le fossé qui sépare les études anthropologiques (centrées sur l’organisation interne des diasporas négociantes et le rôle des normes culturelles) et la théorie du choix rationnel qui voit les réseaux marchands comme le produit des intérêts individuels. Enfin, parce qu’il s’agit d’une approche micro-analytique, l’analyse réticulaire permet aux historiens d’examiner la formation de réseaux informels spécifiques qui se déploient au croisement des aires géographique, politique et culturelle communément définies. La validité de ce type d’approche, basée sur leur correspondance d’affaires, est testée à partir d’une étude de cas portant sur la filière indo-portugaise du commerce du corail méditerranéen et des diamants indiens, associant Juifs de Livourne, d’Amsterdam et de Londres, marchands italiens de Lisbonne et une caste hindoue de Goa, réseau informel actif au moins jusqu’aux années 1730.
Les savoirs de Thalès et de Kadmos. Histoire et représentations religieuses en Grèce ancienne
Authors: Mackowiak Karin
Published: March 2018

Selon une tradition grecque, le héros Kadmos était l’ancêtre de Thalès de Milet.étudier cette généalogie a pour finalité de dégager l’approche de leur passé culturel par les Grecs. Elle interroge les rapports problématiques entre mythe et histoire, dont on propose une nouvelle approche méthodologique.Si des souvenirs historiques transparaissent de quelque manière dans cette généalogie, celle-ci forme un discours historique qui réorganise les connaissances du passé et les met en forme dans le respect de croyances religieuses.La comparaison des portraits et des fonctions de Kadmos et de Thalès, passeurs de savoirs entre l’Orient et la Grèce, montre que la mémoire historique grecque se structure, ici, autour de représentations imaginaires précises.Transmise par le mythe, la conception grecque de l’histoire touche aux limites du logos cultuel et constitue un discours construit avec une logique incontestable.
Les représentations du passé en Palestine. Municipalités d’hier, municipalités d’aujourd’hui
Authors: Signoles Aude
Published: March 2018

Perçues, dans les années 1970, comme les fondements du futur État, les municipalités palestiniennes se trouvent discréditées, immédiatement après la signature des accords d’Oslo, sur la base de leur ancien engagement partisan, quel qu’il ait pu être, et de leurs pratiques. Les rapports d’évaluation réalisés sur le sujet en 1993-1994 par les différents acteurs concernés – « élus» locaux, équipes ministérielles ou donateurs internationaux – partent tous d’un constat de vacance du pouvoir à l’échelle locale et formulent un diagnostic sévère sur l’« état de santé» des municipalités. Les prestations de services y sont montrées du doigt, ainsi que leurs modes de gestion. Nous avons ici, dans un premier temps, replacé le « vide de pouvoir» dans son contexte historique avant d’analyser, dans un second temps, la manière dont les différents protagonistes expliquent cette situation qu’ils ont diagnostiquée et de laquelle ils partent. Des représentations du passé distinctes, sinon concurrentes, émergent de leurs discours. Elles sont révélatrices des conflits de mémoire que l’histoire politique des municipalités engendre en ce « temps d’une métamorphose» que constitue l’ouverture du processus de paix.
La Bible à la croisée des sources
Authors: Na’aman Nadav
Published: March 2018

Seule la Bible décrit de manière systématique et continue l’histoire d’Israël au cours des périodes pré-monarchique et monarchique. Pourtant, l’historiographie biblique fut avant tout écrite dans une perspective religieuse, idéologique et éthique. La date tardive à laquelle l’histoire biblique fut rédigée, sa nature littéraire et idéologique ainsi que son caractère extrêmement subjectifsont autant de raisons pour ne pas l’utiliser comme source pour une histoire d’Israël si l’on veut respecter les standards « occidentaux ». Cet article cherche à déterminer dans quelle mesure la Bible peut être une source permettant de reconstruire les différentes étapes de l’histoire d’Israël. Il s’efforce de retrouver les types de sources dont l’auteur de l’histoire du Deutéronome disposait et la manière dont il les a travaillées. Il est évident que l’auteur s’est appuyé sur des sources écrites pour élaborer son histoire, mais leur nombre était réduit et la matière limitée. Pour conclure, cet article souligne le fait que la connaissance de l’histoire d’Israël à l’époque biblique, et tout particulièrement durant les époques anciennes, est considérablement plus restreinte que ne le suggéraient les chercheurs autrefois.
Les enjeux de l’image dans l’anthropologie soviétique des années 1920 et 1930
Authors: Bertrand Frédéric
Published: March 2018

La place accordée à l’image par les anthropologues soviétiques durant les années 1920-1930 éclaire la vigueur et la diversité des projets de légitimation en concurrence. Sur fond de « marxisation », l’aura de la mécanisation du regard, reflet du fantasme scientiste auquel est soumis la construction de la société soviétique, n’allait pas mettre pour autant un terme à la coexistence entre dessin et photographie. Le musée ethnographique, lieu central de la professionnalisation, a par ailleurs grandement contribué à imposer, outre certaines contraintes à l’instrumentalisation de l’image, les conditions de la continuité de l’esthétisation du regard sur l’autre. Par l’attribution d’une place respective et hiérarchisée, assurant une logique parfois contradictoire, à cette coexistence, les anthropologues soviétiques se sont efforcés de constituer le préalable à la promotion d’une « science ethnographique ».
Un « saint de nouvelle fabrique »: Le diacre Paris (1690-1727), le jansénisme et la bonneterie parisienne
Authors: Lyon-Caen Nicolas
Published: March 2018

Le religieux est étroitement inséré dans des conflits du travail qu’il contribue à modifier. La porosité des univers du travail et de la croyance fait que son expression ne diffère pas toujours du langage des corporations. C’est ce que met en évidence la construction du patrimoine hagiographique (récits et miracles) du diacre Paris, personnalité centrale du jansénisme du XVIIIesiècle, à l’aune de son engagement dans l’artisanat du bas. Son geste, pénitentiel, est interprété diversement après sa mort par les acteurs de la bonneterie, secteur alors en plein bouleversement: le corps des marchands bonnetiers absorbe en effet deux corporations d’artisans moins bien considérées. Le charisme du diacre donne lieu à plusieurs formes d’intervention. Compris par les plus humbles comme un saint ouvrier quand les élites travaillent à sortir de ses biographies imprimées cet épisode de travail manuel, Paris exerce un attrait particulier sur les marchands issus directement de l’artisanat: sa sainteté leur permet de proposer dans un langage corporel une version « consensuelle » de la réunion des métiers.
Histoire économique de l'Afrique : renaissance ou trompe-léœil ?
Authors: Cogneau Denis
Published: March 2018

En même temps qu’elle bénéficie d’un regain d’intérêt certain, l’histoire économique de l’Afrique suscite aujourd’hui des controverses méthodologiques intenses, dont deux livres publiés récemment par Morten Jerven se font l’écho,Poor NumbersetAfrica: Why Economists Get It Wrong. Pour une bonne part, ces controverses renvoient plus largement aux différences entre le métier d’économiste et celui d’historien, au moins dans leurs pratiques dominantes. Dans leur quête des « fondamentaux » institutionnels du développement économique, beaucoup de travaux se satisfont encore d’une base de données sommaire et imparfaite, une approche que M. Jerven a raison de critiquer. Les analyses souffrent souvent d’une connaissance insuffisante des contextes sociaux et compressent le temps historique entre un « avant » et un « maintenant ». Elles s’appuient également sur des hypothèses statistiques contestables. Même si les archives existantes ont des limites à la fois qualitatives (sources coloniales principalement) et quantitatives, il n’en reste pas moins qu’une modeste renaissance n’est pas hors de portée, afin de donner leur place à des analyses comparatives mieux maîtrisées.
Sens et usages du territoire médiéval
Authors: Iogna-Prat Dominique
Published: March 2018

Sur la base du livre de Florian Mazel,L’évêque et le territoire. L'invention médiévale de l'espace (ve-xiiiesiècle), l'article propose de revenir sur le tournant spatial qui a marqué la médiévistique française depuis une trentaine d'années. En regard des historiens dudominiumqui postulent, avec les phénomènes de l’incastellamentoou de l’inecclesiamento, une fixation territoriale des hommes à l’âge féodal autour des «pôles» ou des «cellules» de domination que sont le château, l’église, le cimetière ou la paroisse, F. Mazel propose une réflexion à une autre échelle, celle du territoire comme espace d'expression de la souveraineté politique, l’Église, à travers la mise en place d'une spatialité inédite – le diocèse – précédant l’État comme institution qui se réalise à travers une construction territoriale. L'intérêt de l'analyse proposée n'est pas seulement de se concentrer, avec le diocèse, sur une échelle qui fait sens dans une dynamique hiérarchique d'ensemble de la spatialisation ecclésiale, de haut en bas, du local à l'universel, mais aussi et surtout de se demander en quoi les pratiques territoriales de l’Église médiévale permettent le passage à l'espace au sens moderne du terme, homogène et isotrope.
Le keynésianisme international se débat: Sens de l'acceptable et tournant néolibéral à l'Ocde
Authors: Gayon Vincent
Published: March 2018

Publié en 1977 par l'Ocdedans une situation de stagflation généralisée, le rapport McCracken est devenu emblématique du «tournant néolibéral» de la coopération économique internationale. Cette enquête ébranle le pacte de lecture téléologique en revenant au sens de l'acceptable des acteurs mobilisés dans son écriture et à l'incertitude structurelle dans laquelle ils étaient plongés pour anticiper le devenir économique et politique. Plutôt qu'une victoire sans conteste du néolibéralisme, la sociogénétique de cet écrit bureaucratique redécouvre les stratégies d'adaptation du «keynésianisme international» hérité de Bretton Woods et les structures de plausibilité de cet espace situé à la confluence de champs politiques, bureaucratiques et universitaires. La dynamique de production s'analyse comme une logique de situation à travers laquelle le secrétariat de l'Ocdese voit exposé à des logiques et à des ressources externes polymorphes qui s'entrechoquent et se jaugent. La forme du rapport rend possible la confrontation de capitaux informationnels, bureaucratiques et politiques ; elle en objective, en quelque sorte, la valeur différentielle ou le taux de change pour les participants. Les anticipations socialement structurées de ce qui est jouable, coûteux ou risqué sont pistées dans la composition collective autour de quatre temps forts : la commande, le cadrage, la constitution du groupe et la cristallisation du rapport. L'article propose ainsi une autre manière d'enquêter sur les «tournants».
The Elephant and the Sovereign: India circa 1000ce
Authors: ANOOSHAHR ALI
Published: March 2018

This article studies the political and symbolic importance of elephants for medieval Muslim kingship in South Asia. Specifically, the incorporation of the elephant by the Ghaznavid dynasty led to a crisis of sovereignty for early Muslim kings of South Asia. This was because while the elephant stood for divinity and sovereignty among Hindus, it represented satanic pride among Muslims. The famous Koranic chapter of “the elephant”, tells the story of a king Abraha who had tried to destroy the House of God in Arabia (the Ka‘ba) with elephants, but it was said that God pelted his army to death by small pebbles thrown by birds. This meant that any Indo-Muslim ruler that posed as an elephant-master could appear as the destroyer of the house of God in the eyes of his Muslim subjects. In order to compensate for this crisis, early Indo-Muslim rulers employed a number of tactics, which included trying to present themselves as the opposite, i.e. destroyer of pagan temples for which they are infamous today. But perhaps more significantly, the continued symbolic (and not just practical) use of the elephant, in spite of its problematic association, shows that what is often today understood as an alien institution imposed upon a majority non-Muslim population, was actually the opposite: that is, it was mainly a project equally pitched to non-Muslim South Asians with a compensatory nudge toward Muslims.
Spaces of the political
Authors: Dutton Michael
Published: March 2018

This is a paper about the architecture of a concept: the concept of the political. Through the built environment, we come to re-imagine the concept of the political not as a set of institutions, or as an array of governmental forms, or even a series of rational choices, but in terms of affective energy flows. It is in interrogating this that I will turn to the built environment and analyse two ways of regulating the cadence of affective flows in relation to the political, through two machines: Britain's nineteenth century Crystal Palace and the Landlord Manor House Museum of Liu Wencai.

If Liu Wencai's Manor House Museum turned affective energy flows into political intensities that could drive the Maoist revolution, the Crystal Palace dissipated these same energy flows by turning them into commodity desires that would drive market growth. With the Crystal Palace, our attention is focused on how the channelling of energy into dissipated market desires produced a dispersal that, in turn, contributed to a political quietism. Such political quietism appeared as, at best, a ‘side-effect’ of an economic relation but, in placing this machine next to the Maoist Manor House Museum, we realise the centrality of this ‘side-effect’ in the formation of the political. The built environment, therefore, offers a set of heuristic devices that, read alongside each other, reveal two quite distinct modes of being political.

Despite their radical differences, these two machines share a ‘family resem-blance’ insofar as they exemplify how the built environment contributes to political discourse through the disciplining of social subjects. What these two sets of machinery open onto is a new understanding of the discursive field of modernity and the treatment of affective elements within any modern concept of the political.
Designing the everyday
Authors: Wang Hui
Published: March 2018

In China, although the ‘everyday’ should be studied as one of the most fundamental architectural issues, it is frequently neglected by Chinese architects. A consciousness for the ‘everyday’ is marginalised by the prevailing ‘non-everyday’ backed by a top-down way of reasoning. Under this circumstance, it is constructive to reconsider the ‘everyday’ in order to open up new potentials for the design practice and discourse in architecture.
Optimization of wireless sensor network deployment for electromagnetic situation monitoring
Authors: Malon Krzysztof , Skokowski Paweł , Lopatka Jerzy
Published: March 2018

Wireless sensor networks are an increasingly popular tool for monitoring various environmental parameters. They can also be used for monitoring the electromagnetic spectrum. Wireless sensors, due to their small size, typically have simplified radio receivers with reduced sensitivity and use small antennas. As a result, their effective performance area is similarly limited. This is especially important in urban areas where there are various kinds of adverse propagation phenomena related to area coverage. The aim of this paper is to present the phenomena in the wireless sensor networks and propose criteria and methods to optimize their deployment to ensure maximizing the probability of detection of emissions, minimization of unmonitored areas, and to provide the necessary hardware redundancy in the priority areas. Influence of detection parameters, number of sensors and range constraints between sensors on received outcomes are also presented.
Effects of Unilateral Hand Contraction on The Persistence of Hemispheric Asymmetry of Cortical Activity
Authors: Hirao Takahiro , Masaki Hiroaki
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Athletes who squeezed a ball with their left hand immediately prior to execution of sports activities did not show performance deterioration under severe pressure ( Beckmann, Gröpel, & Ehrlenspiel, 2013 ). This result has been explained by priming of the dominant right hemisphere. However, it remains unclear what variables have the greatest effect on asymmetrical brain activity (e.g., duration and strength of ball squeezing). We hypothesized that squeezing a ball harder for a longer period might lead to stronger asymmetrical activity because motor-related areas would have increased activation due to the more forceful movement. We used electroencephalograms (EEGs) to investigate the hemispheric asymmetry of brain activity produced by squeezing a ball with a unilateral hand. EEGs were assessed during a baseline period as well as in eight experimental conditions wherein the strength and duration of the ball squeeze were manipulated. Our results showed that right-hemispheric-dominant brain activation was maximized when participants squeezed with their left hand a ball that had an internal pressure of 100 hPa for 90 s or 20 hPa for 30 s. Moreover, squeezing the ball with 100 hPa internal pressure for 90 s created a prominent interhemispheric asymmetry of cortical activity. We suspect that squeezing a ball strongly for a long period might be helpful in dealing with “choking” under pressure by producing greater right-hemispheric activation. This result could help improve simple methods for competitive athletes to reduce the likelihood of exhibiting choking behavior that could be practiced with minimal effort, even during short breaks during a game.
Real-world data on prognosis and outcome of primary plasma cell leukemia in the era of novel agents: a multicenter national study by the Greek Myeloma Study Group
Authors: Katodritou Eirini , Terpos Evangelos , Delimpasi Sossana , Kotsopoulou Maria , Michalis Eurydiki , Vadikolia Chrysanthi , Kyrtsonis Marie-Christine , Symeonidis Argiris , Giannakoulas Nikolaos , Vadikolia Chrissa , Michael Michalis , Kalpadakis Christina , Gougopoulou Theodora , Prokopiou Chrystalla , Kaiafa Georgia , Christoulas Dimitrios , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Giannopoulou Evlampia , Labropoulou Vasiliki , Verrou Evgenia , Kastritis Efstathios , Konstantinidou Pavlina , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Dimopoulos Meletios A.
Published: March 2018

We have studied the efficacy and the prognostic impact of novel agents in 50 primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) patients registered in our database. Eighty percent of patients were treated upfront with novel agent-based combinations; 40% underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Objective response rate was 76; 38% achieved at least very good partial response (≥vgPR) and this correlated significantly with bortezomib-based therapy plus ASCT. At the time of evaluation, 40 patients had died. Early mortality rate (≤1 month) was 6%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 12 months and 18 months respectively, both significantly longer in patients treated with bortezomib-based therapy + ASCT vs. others (PFS: 18 vs. 9 months;p = 0.004, OS: 48 vs. 14 months; p = 0.007). Bortezomib-based therapy + ASCT predicted for OS in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, achievement of ≥vgPR and LDH ≥ 300 U/L were significant predictors for OS. These real-world data, based on one of the largest reported national multicenter series of pPCL patients treated mostly with novel agents support that, among the currently approved induction therapies, bortezomib-based regimens are highly effective and reduce the rate of early mortality whereas in combination with ASCT consolidation they prolong OS.
SLIT2/ROBO1 axis contributes to the Warburg effect in osteosarcoma through activation of SRC/ERK/c-MYC/PFKFB2 pathway
Authors: Zhao Shu-Jie , Shen Yi-Fei , Li Qing , He Yun-Jie , Zhang Yun-Kun , Hu Li-Peng , Jiang Yu-Qing , Xu Nan-Wei , Wang Yu-Ji , Li Jun , Wang Ya-Hui , Liu Fei , Zhang Rong , Yin Guo-Yong , Tang Jin-Hai , Zhou Dong , Zhang Zhi-Gang
Published: March 2018

Cellular metabolic reprogramming is the main characteristic of cancer cells and identification of targets using this metabolic pattern is extremely important to treat cancers, such as osteosarcoma (OS). In this study, SLIT2 and ROBO1 were upregulated in OS, and higher expression of ROBO1 was associated with worse overall survival rate. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the SLIT2/ROBO1 axis promotes proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and contributes to the Warburg effect in OS cells. Mechanistically, the SLIT2/ROBO1 axis exerted cancer-promoting effects on OS via activation of the SRC/ERK/c-MYC/PFKFB2 pathway. Taken together, the findings reveal a previously unappreciated function of SLIT2/ROBO1 signaling in OS, which is intertwined with metabolic alterations that promote cancer progression. Targeting the SLIT2/ROBO1 axis may be a potential therapeutic approach for patients with OS.
Modulation of sensory prediction error in Purkinje cells during visual feedback manipulations
Authors: Streng Martha L. , Popa Laurentiu S. , Ebner Timothy J.
Published: March 2018

It is hypothesized that the cerebellum implements a forward internal model that transforms motor commands into predictions about upcoming movements. The predictions are compared with sensory feedback to generate sensory prediction errors critical to controlling movements. The simple spike firing of cerebellar Purkinje cells both lead and lag movement consistent with representations of motor predictions and sensory feedback. This study tests whether this leading and lagging modulation provides the prediction and sensory feedback necessary to compute sensory prediction errors. Two manipulations of the visual feedback are used in rhesus monkeys performing pseudo-random tracking. Consistent with a forward model, delaying the visual feedback demonstrates that the leading simple spike modulation with position error is time-locked to the hand movement. Reducing the feedback shows that the lagged modulation is directly driven by visual inputs. Therefore, Purkinje cell discharge carries both the motor predictions and sensory feedback required of a forward internal model.
Dynamic Group Multi-party Quantum Key Agreement
Authors: Chou Yao-Hsin , Zeng Guo-Jyun , Chang Zhe-Hua , Kuo Shu-Yu
Published: March 2018

This paper presents a novel dynamic group multi-party Quantum Key Agreement (DGMQKA) protocol, achieved by a multicast transmission method. The proposed method is able to achieve arbitrary number of groups and members under the same resources. In addition, it can be dynamically adjusted by joining a new member, combining two groups into one group, revoking an old member and dividing one group into two groups, for different and complex situations. Furthermore, the proposed protocol can be of help to research into Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS), which it complements. The security analysis shows that the proposed protocol can resist both external and internal attacks. In consumption comparison, the proposed protocol using the multicast transmission method is more effective than other current MQKA protocols.
Peptide ion channel toxins from the bootlace worm, the longest animal on Earth
Authors: Jacobsson Erik , Andersson Håkan S. , Strand Malin , Peigneur Steve , Eriksson Camilla , Lodén Henrik , Shariatgorji Mohammadreza , Andrén Per E. , Lebbe Eline K. M. , Rosengren K. Johan , Tytgat Jan , Göransson Ulf
Published: March 2018

Polypeptides from animal venoms have found important uses as drugs, pharmacological tools, and within biotechnological and agricultural applications. We here report a novel family of cystine knot peptides from nemertean worms, with potent activity on voltage-gated sodium channels. These toxins, named the α-nemertides, were discovered in the epidermal mucus of Lineus longissimus, the ‘bootlace worm’ known as the longest animal on earth. The most abundant peptide, the 31-residue long α-1, was isolated, synthesized, and its 3D NMR structure determined. Transcriptome analysis including 17 species revealed eight α-nemertides, mainly distributed in the genus Lineus. α-1 caused paralysis and death in green crabs (Carcinus maenas) at 1 µg/kg (~300 pmol/kg). It showed profound effect on invertebrate voltage-gated sodium channels (e.g. Blattella germanica Nav1) at low nanomolar concentrations. Strong selectivity for insect over human sodium channels indicates that α-nemertides can be promising candidates for development of bioinsecticidal agents.