bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress State of Pretensioned Structures
Authors: Abdulaliyev Z. , Ataoglu S. , Donmez A.
Published: November 2018

Prestressed structures are used in civil engineering and other sectors of industry for the production of pressure vessels of the reactors and protective shells for nuclear plants, storage tanks for liquefied gas, etc. In such structures, pretension may reach great magnitudes depending on the manufacturing process during the fabrication or later with the addition of the operational loads. Therefore, it is necessary to address the prestressed state in order to predict optimal loading for the structural elements in the design process of these structures. In this study, the prestressed states of these structures are investigated using an analogy between the prestressed state and the thermoelasticity problems by the photothermoelasticity. Detailed information about the stress distribution in entire structures, locations, and magnitudes of the maximum stresses and bond stresses was obtained. Simultaneously, analytical relations were developed for the normal and shearing stress components between dissimilar materials in the joint zone.
Experimental Evaluation on Cyclic Shear Behavior of Geomembrane–Concrete Interfaces
Authors: Cen W. J. , Wang H. , Du X. H. , Sun Y. J.
Published: November 2018

A series of cyclic shear tests was conducted to reveal the cyclic shear behavior of the interfaces between three types of geomembranes (smooth geomembranes, textured geomembranes, and composite geomembranes) and no-fines concrete. Hysteresis loops and backbone curves were obtained under different vertical pressures and shear-displacement amplitudes. The test results indicate that the textured geomembrane–concrete interface presents higher cyclic friction angles than the other two interfaces. The vertical pressure-dependent shear stiffness and damping ratio were used to evaluate the cyclic shear strength and damping behavior of the different geomembrane–concrete interfaces. In addition, the influence of shear rate and cycle number on the cyclic shear behavior of the geomembrane–concrete interfaces was considered, but there is little difference among experimental data for a specific interface. By analyzing the damage observed for the different geomembranes in the test, the shear behavior of these three interfaces between geomembranes and no-fines concrete was further evaluated. Finally, a reasonable choice of geomembrane is suggested for the stability and integrity of geomembranes in practical geomembrane engineering.
Towards meaningful youth participation in science-policy processes: a case study of the Youth in Landscapes Initiative
Authors: Dickson-Hoyle Sarah , Kovacevic Michelle , Cherbonnier Marina , Nicholas Kimberly A.
Published: November 2018

In the context of complex intergenerational challenges such as climate change and sustainable development, it is increasingly important for scientists and policy-makers to actively engage with and support the meaningful participation of youth in policy and decision-making. This research evaluates the effectiveness and impact of the Youth in Landscapes Initiative in supporting the active participation and leadership development of youth (aged 18–30 years old) participants at the 2014 Global Landscapes Forum (GLF), an international science-policy forum. This ‘youth program’ comprised a Youth Session, skills workshops and mentoring programs to empower youth through leadership and capacity building opportunities. Results show a high demand for youth participation: 34% of GLF conference delegates expressed interest to attend the Youth Session, over 22% of GLF session organisers requested youth to take on leadership roles, and the youth program itself received over 770 applications for the ‘facilitator’ and ‘pitcher’ leadership positions. The skills-based ‘masterclasses’ successfully built the confidence and knowledge of youth participants, as shown by post-evaluation survey responses. This translated into active and substantive youth participation throughout the forum. Senior professionals connected to the program praised it highly, seeing it as an opportunity for mutual, intergenerational learning. The Youth in Landscape Initiative is presented as a model and distilled into a framework to inform future youth engagement strategies in international conferences and associated science-policy processes.
What's in a Text?: Answers from Frame Analysis and Rhetoric for Measuring Meaning Systems and Argumentative Structures
Authors: Franzosi Roberto , Vicari Stefania
Published: November 2018

Starting in the 1970s, frame analysis became a popular technique of textual analysis in different disciplines (communication, mass media, sociology). There is no agreed-upon definition of frame analysis or of ways of measuring its key concepts. This paper explores the relationship between frame analysis and rhetoric. The paper reviews all main concepts developed in frame analysis. Concept after concept, it maps the correspondence between frame analysis and rhetorical concepts. It shows how frame analysis stopped short of developing what was really required to measure frames: tropes and figures. The analysis of a specific text confirms the power of rhetorical analysis for teasing out meaning systems and argumentative structures.
THE ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF LABORATORY USE TOWARD PHYSICS LEARNING RESULT
Authors: Ula Sidratil , Safitri Rini , Saminan Saminan
Published: November 2018

Curriculum 2013 demands physics teachers to use laboratory in supporting the teaching and learning process at school, through laboratory students can apply the theory of physics concretely. The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of laboratory in physics subject at senior high schools in Banda Aceh. This study used descriptive quantitative approach with surveying method. The population of this study is all senior high schools in Banda Aceh and the sample is 6 schools, 140 students and 6 teachers and laboratory chief, the sample was chosen using random stratified disproportionate sampling technique which was categorized based on the school accreditation. The technique used in data collection was questionnaire and observation sheet. The data analysis was done using descriptive technique with percentage formula. The result shows that the effectiveness of the use of laboratory toward physics subject learning at senior highschools in Banda Aceh is in the category less effective (56,78%). The indicator percentage in input is 59,23 and in process is 57,67 with “enough” category, while the output is 53,43 with “less effective” category.
PROCEDURAL E-SCAFFOLDING IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ PHYSICS PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS
Authors: Saman Muhammad Iqbal , Koes-H Supriyono , Sunaryono Sunaryono
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study was to design scaffolding that is connected to an ICT system (e-scaffolding) which was implemented with blended learning to improve students’ physics problem solving skills (PSS). The research method used is Borg & Gall research method and the effectiveness test used is T-test in analyzing whether there are differences physics PSS in the experimental and control classes. This article describes scaffolding systems that focus in procedural types which using prompt questions and facts found during the implementation of this product. The results showed that the developed e-scaffolding was appropriate to be used for several examinations after being evaluated by experts and practitioners. In a limited implementation, e-scaffolding has proven not to be out of the social constructivist scope and adapted to the actual abilities of students. At effectiveness test, e-scaffolding is able to connect between students in solving problems both in synchronous and asynchronous collaboration. In addition, e-scaffolding is able to split problem categories that students are experts and beginners, giving shape to performance and increasing students’ physics PSS. So, it can be concluded that e-scaffolding has been successfully developed. Suggestions for further research have been presented in this article.
KUALITAS PERANGKAT LUNAK: MODULARITAS PUSTAKA TEXT PRE-PROCESSING
Authors: Maylawati Dian Sa'adillah , Sugilar Hamdan , Yudhiantara Rully Agung
Published: November 2018

Perangkat lunak yang baik harus mencapai kualitas yang baik pula. Termasuk pustaka (library) dan komponen perangkat lunak yang akan dipanggil pada perangkat lunak lainnya. Terdapat beberapa faktor kualitas yang dapat dicapai pustaka perangkat lunak, antara lain fleksibilitas, modularitas, interoperabilitas, dan portabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur faktor kualitas modularitas dari pustaka text pre-processing untuk Bahasa Indonesia. Metodologi pembangunan pustaka menggunakan Waterfall dengan menerapkan Unified Modelling Language (UML) sebagai model perangkat lunak. Pustaka text pre-processing dibangun dengan bahasa pemrograman Java dengan masukan berupa koleksi dokumen teks dan keluaran berupa Himpunan Frequent Word Itemset (HFWI) sebagai representasi teks terstruktur. Modularitas pustaka diukur dengan menggunakan metriks Coupling between Object Classes (CBO) dan Lack of Cohesion in Methods (LCOM). Hasil pengukuran dan evaluasi modularitas pustaka menunjukkan bahwa modularitas pustaka sudah dicapai dengan kohesi yang cukup tinggi dan kopling yang rendah. Kohesi yang cukup tinggi ditunjukkan dengan nilai LCOM 0.381, sedangkan kopling yang rendah ditunjukkan dengan nilai CBO 1.045.
Russia’s Way to Suburbanization
Authors: Ремезкова Виктория Павловна , Гуткович Виктория Вадимовна , Спирина Марина Олеговна
Published: November 2018

This article deals with the process of suburbanization in Russia. Its special attention is paid to two major Russian cities: Moscow and St. Petersburg. The article compares the processes occurring in the above cities with the similar ones in the American cities. This comparison provides a means of appropriate ways for improving the quality of life in Russian megalopolises. This article suggests that Soviet heritage could not afford Russian regions to copy American experience to the full extent. However, American “edge cities” are considered to be the best form of suburbanization in terms of increasing the quality of life.
Tipos de abrevaderos: sus singularidades y efectos en los territorios de Cieza, Abarán y Blanca (Reino de Murcia) durante los siglos XVII-XVIII
Authors: Trigueros-Molina Juan Carlos
Published: November 2018

Desde la antigüedad, la humanidad ha venido aplicando, para solventar la deficiencia hídrica de un territorio, unos sistemas de abastecimiento de agua, como sucede con los abrevaderos. Lo que pretende este estudio es analizar las singularidades de los abrevaderos en el territorio de Cieza, Abarán y Blanca (Comunidad de Murcia) desde el siglo XVII al XVIII. Se interpreta seis tipologías arquitectónicas distintas de abrevaderos, su articulación por el territorio, sus vías de captación de agua, sus funcionalidades, el impacto social y económico que causaron en la época. Para elaborar este contenido, ha sido necesario una búsqueda exhaustiva de la información en los Protocolos Notariales (Archivo Histórico Provincial de Murcia) y las Actas Capitulares de las citadas poblaciones.
Respuestas a la crisis hídrica en zonas agrícolas y urbanas: Caso de estudio “Proyecto de Irrigación Majes Siguas I” Arequipa – Perú
Authors: Zapana Churata Luis Efrain
Published: November 2018

Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de las respuestas a la crisis hídrica en las zonas agrícolas y urbanas del Proyecto de Irrigación Majes, en el sur del Perú. El objetivo ha sido estudiar la gestión del agua que ya no se limita a la gestión del agua de regadío, sino que también incorpora una vertiente no esperada como es la gestión del agua urbana. Para su cumplimiento se adopta un enfoque integrado que combina métodos cualitativos (entrevistas) y cuantitativos (análisis de bases de datos). El aumento de los recursos hídricos se desarrolla mediante la construcción de presas, mientras que para la disminución del consumo, la población y las instituciones gubernamentales no muestran estrategias reales. Los cultivos exigentes en el consumo de agua, sumado a su manejo tradicional crean problemas de déficits hídricos. Estos últimos también se hallan amplificados por el crecimiento no controlado de la población y del área urbana que resultan en situaciones de desigualdad de acceso al agua entre el medio construido formal e informal.Palabras clave: crisis hídrica, recurso hídrico, Presas, gestión de aguas, Irrigación Majes, Perú.
Espacios en transformación: una historia de los arroyos urbanos como patrimonio natural de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México
Authors: Mendoza-Bohne Lourdes Sofía
Published: November 2018

El objetivo del presente trabajo es lograr la definición de una historia urbana de las funciones socio espaciales de los arroyos de agua en la ciudad de Guadalajara actualmente Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara. Así también explicar la construcción de un patrimonio natural a partir del análisis de la interrelación de las funciones prácticas, simbólicas y espaciales de los arroyos urbanos entre el siglo XVI y el XXI. El análisis se enfoca en comprender la metamorfosis  de dos ríos y los arroyos intra y circundantes como referentes en la historia de Guadalajara y su desarrollo como gran ciudad. Por lo que se pretende explorar la reconfiguración de dichos espacios desde tres ejes de análisis1) La transformación histórico espacial para explicar los hechos relevantes en el periodo colonial; 2) Las funciones socio-urbanas de los arroyos principalmente el siglo XIX y 3) Los conflictos por la depredación y contaminación para explicar el siglo XX y XXI definiendo el patrimonio natural metropolitano.
Las metrópolis y sus periferias: cinturones de marginación, pobreza y desechos urbanos en la ZMG
Authors: Torres-Rodríguez Alicia
Published: November 2018

Las periferias de las zonas metropolitanas se han convertido en canales de desagüe y basureros, aprovechando los cauces de los arroyos, ríos, canales de riego y barrancas para verter los desechos líquidos o sólidos. No obstante, es en las periferias de estas ciudades el lugar en donde se dan mayormente los asentamientos irregulares y/o construcción de vivienda de interés social, convirtiendo estos espacios en cinturones de pobreza, marginación y contenedores de desechos urbanos. Bajo esta premisa se analiza el problema generado por el crecimiento urbano e industrial de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara (ZMG) a partir de las aguas residuales que son vertidas a los cuerpos de agua que la circundan.  Este documento se basa en la revisión documental, bibliográfica y  de documentos institucionales, así como del meta análisis de mapas e imágenes, y recorridos de campo, lo que nos permite realizar la correlación y relación de los datos obtenidos para la construcción del modelo de desalojo de las aguas residuales de la ZMG.
A mobile crack detection system for plate-like structure based on non-linear ultrasonic fibre Bragg grating
Authors: Huang Xiao , Tan Yuegang
Published: November 2018

Many researchers have highlighted the fact that non-linear ultrasonic technology is more suitable than linear ultrasonic technology for detecting micro-cracks. In most existing non-linear ultrasonic detection systems, piezoelectric patches are pasted directly onto specimens and used
to detect ultrasonics. In this paper, a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) was adopted for sensing ultrasonics because FBGs possess many advantages over piezoelectric patches. Non-linear ultrasonic technology was combined with FBG sensing technology to detect cracks in thin aluminium plates. This study
proposed a mobile system in which the excitation and monitoring points were easily moved on the surface of a specimen because piezoelectric patches and FBGs were glued to acrylic plates and placed in contact with the specimen surface using industrial ultrasonic couplants. The influence of
acrylic plate thicknesses on the characteristics of mobile piezoelectric patches (MPPs) and FBGs was discussed. This mobile system was more flexible than traditional systems, in which piezoelectric patches and FBGs are fixed to the structures, and it did not destroy the surface of the specimen.
Experimental results showed that the mobile system can detect non-linear sideband signals caused by cracks at every excitation and sensing point. The factors influencing sideband amplitude, including excitation amplitude and frequency, and the relative positions of two excitations and a FBG
were studied.
La Unidad 2 de Caranza en Ferrol: Futuro imperfecto.
Authors: Pérez Valcárcel Juan Bautista
Published: November 2018

La Unidad 2 del Polígono de Caranza en Ferrol es un buen ejemplo de la concreción de algunas propuestas arquitectónicas idealistas de los años 60. Se trataba de proporcionar viviendas dignas a determinados sectores desfavorecidos, con resultados no siempre afortunados:  edificios notables arquitectónicamente, pero generadores de formas de vida alejadas de los comportamientos sociales de los usuarios. El choque entre el idealismo y la realidad provocó disfunciones y conflictos.Se trata de un conjunto de seis edificios, tres de ellos en forma de torre y otros tres en forma de bloques lineales en L. El conjunto se articula sobre tres plazas que se cierran con un notable corredor perimetral de 119 paraboloides hiperbólicos disimétricos, formando un conjunto único en Galicia.Desde el principio, el edificio presentó serios problemas tanto de funcionalidad como de durabilidad. Funcionalmente son especialmente relevantes los problemas de circulaciones, con un claro conflicto entre lo proyectado y la realidad. En cuanto a la durabilidad hubo serios problemas de corrosiones. Han sido necesarias diversas intervenciones, que se comentarán.
OLANZAPINE FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED NAUSEA AND VOMITING
Authors: Rumyantsev A. A. , Pokataev I. A. , Fedyanin M. Yu. , Tjulandina A. S. , Tryakin A. A. , Tjulandin S. A.
Published: November 2018

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) has tremendous negative impact on daily life of cancer patients and their quality of life. In this article we analyzed current clinical guidelines in preventive measures and treatment of CINV as well as efficacy of recommended standard regimens for CINV prevention in patients receiving high emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). We summarized existing data about olanzapine – affordable antipsychotic agent with potent antiemetogenic activity which is quite useful for CINV prophylaxis in patients receiving HEC. We highlighted possible future directions for research of olanzapine in oncology and reasons that preclude integration of this drug in routine clinical practice in Russia.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MAINTENANCE THERAPY AFTER THE END OF THE FIRST LINE OF TREATMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER – THE RESULTS OF A POPULATION-BASED STUDY
Authors: Fedyanin M. Yu. , Aliyeva Sh. A. , Vladimirova L. Y. , Ivanov A. N. , Katkov A. A. , Kuzmina E. S. , Kulik V. V. , Matyushina E. I. , Nikitina L. Yu. , Orlova R. V. , Povyshev A. Yu. , Pshevlotskiy E. M. , Ramazanova M. S. , Smirnova E. V. , Tkachuk A. D. , Ulanova N. V. , Shalofast O. V. , Erdniev S. P. , Tjulandin S. A.
Published: November 2018

Aim.To evaluate the effectiveness of different regimens of maintenance chemotherapy after the first line of treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Materials and methods.We performed retrospective analyses of the data from 432 patients from 17 clinics in 14 regions of the Russian Federation who started systemic therapy for metastatic cancer in 2013. The main inclusion criterion was objective response or stabilization after the first 16 weeks of first-line therapy. Four groups of patients were compared, depending on the nature of maintenance therapy: those receiving fluoropyrimidines, a combination of fluoropyrimidines with bevacizumab, monotherapy of bevacizumab and monotherapy of anti-EGFR antibodies. The main criteria for assesment of the effectiveness of treatment were progression-free survival and overall survival. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 20.0 sof tware package.

Results.Maintenance therapy after completion of the first 16 weeks of the 1st line of chemotherapy was administered in 126 patients, most of them were treated with fluoropyrimidines (53.1 %). The median overall survival in the maintenance group was 27 versus 21 months in the observation group, p=0.01, HR=0.78 (95 % CI 0.6–1.02) Median progression-free survival in the maintenance group was 11 vs 7 months in the observation group (p<0.001, HR=0.6, 95 % CI 0.5–0.8). The worst results of progression-free survival were observed in the group with monotherapy of bevacizumab – median was 10 months versus 12 months in the fluoropyrimidine monotherapy group, 10 months for the combination of fluoropyrimidine with bevacizumab and 14 months for monotherapy of the anti-EGFR (p=0,9, HR=1.0, 95 % CI 0.9–1.2).

Conclusions.There were no statistical differences in survival with different regimens of maintenance therapy. Monotherapy of bevacizumab in maintenance treatment was associated with the worst sur vival rates.
IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF DRUG TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Authors: Smirmova O. V. , Borisov V. I. , Guens G. P.
Published: November 2018

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises 12–20 % of all breast cancers. TNBC is defined by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. TNBC is a heterogeneous disease, with an aggressive clinical feature, a higher risk of both local and distant visceral and / or brain metastases. Recurrence usually develops between 1 and 3 years after the initial diagnosis and most deaths occur within 5 years. Epidemiologic studies illustrate a high prevalence of triple-negative breast cancers among young women. Triple-negative breast cancer is also more likely to occur in women that carry a BRCA mutation, especially if they are diagnosed at a young age. Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the mainstay treatment for TNBC because there are currently no specific targets for treatment options (hormone receptors or HER-2 amplification). Chemotherapy combined with targeted agents including DNA repair with PARP inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, anti-angiogenic agents and a Chk1 inhibitor produced modest improvement in response rate and overall survival. Nevertheless there’s no common standards for treatment such patients with metastatic TNBC. Progress in the development of new regimens and combination of drug treatment agents for patient with generalized TNBC remains an important challenge that could lead to improvement immediate and long-term outcomes.
Comparative study of knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among undergraduate students of MBBS and BDS
Authors: Rani Neelam , Sadiq Shamiya , Khajuria Kanika
Published: November 2018

Background: Comparative studies are quite useful in evaluating the current practices in self medication among a similar subset of population. Since, self medication is one of the major causes of promoting irrational use of drugs its burden needs to be estimated more so in students with medical background.Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching medical college among MBBS and BDS students. A questionnaire was selected based on outcome of small surveys done prior to this current study was among the MBBS and BDS students to assess their Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards self medication. Data was analyzed and expressed as numbers and percentage.Results: Total 180 students participated in the study voluntarily (100 MBBS and 80 BDS). Knowledge regarding self medication was more seen in MBBS students as compared to dental students. Only five of MBBS students encountered ADR’s(Adverse drug reactions) due to self medication. Analgesic group of drugs was the most common medication used by both the groups and pain was the chief component for which drug therapy was used.Conclusions: This study showed that students had fair knowledge about self medication but it appeared to be more among MBBS students as compared to BDS, although knowledge about ADR’s was not up to the mark. The attitude and practice of self medication was similar in both the groups. Thus, it is important to impart proper knowledge about self medication among medical students and encouragement regarding ADR teaching should be promoted.
A comparative study of general waste management practices in a campus of a medical university located in the purview of a municipal corporation of a South Indian state
Authors: Dondapati Sujith Kumar S. , Kondagunta Nagaraj , Guthi Visweswara Rao , Ade Anju D. , Deekala Ravi Sankar
Published: November 2018

Background: General waste is the waste that does not pose an immediate hazard or threat to health or to the environment. Waste management activities include collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of wastes. Academic institutions produce wastes, which are not disposed of effectively or economically. The result is littering and accumulation of garbage, which cause pollution. The objective of the current study is to examine and compare the general waste management practices of an university with current waste management rules in force.Methods: The current observational and comparative study was carried in an autonomous medical university located in South India. Waste is managed by Campus Maintenance Committee and Swachh Bharath committee under supportive supervision of Department of Community Medicine. The authors have observed the practices per se, talked with all the stakeholders of waste management in the institute, and presented their observations. The observations were compared with the standard practices of waste management to be adhered by academic institutions as per the rules of waste management.Results: Everyday 200-250 Kg of solid waste is generated in the university campus. General waste generated from different sources is grouped into black bags and sent to the dumpsite of campus. The corporation workers separate dry waste from wet waste and transport to the corporation dumpsite in separate blue and green drums separately.Conclusions: The steps taken by the university authorities like division of campus into areas with group leaders to facilitate ownership and accountability and formation of committees and regular meetings to facilitate coordination have shown results.
OSMANLI DEVLETİ KIRSALINDA İKTİSADÎ ÖRÜNTÜLER VE TRABZON’DA KOYUN (SÜRÜ) SAHİPLERİ (1722)
Authors: AYGÜN Necmettin
Published: November 2018

Bu araştırma, Trabzon
Kazası’ndaki koyun sahipleri ile koyun sayılarını gösteren 1722 tarihli bir
“ağnam defterinden” esinlenmiştir. Araştırmada Anadolu’daki tarım ve
hayvancılık kültürünün Osmanlı boyutu genel hatlarıyla değerlendirilmiş,
devlet-köylü ilişkileri ile servet edinme biçimlerine de kısmen değinilmiştir.
Yine bu araştırmada küçükbaş hayvan beslemenin taşıdığı önem iktisadî ve siyasî
boyutlarıyla beraber gerek geçimlik aile ekonomisi ve gerekse servet edinmeye
dönük ticarî ilişkiler temelinde ele alınmıştır. Bahse konu olan ağnam defteri,
bölgedeki küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliğinin boyutlarını görebilmenin yanında,
etki ve yetkileri günümüze kadar ulaşan bazı servet ve itibar sahibi ailelerin
geçmişini de görmeye imkân vermektedir.
1 NUMARALI TRABZON AHKÂM DEFTERİ’NDE KÜRTÜN NAHİYESİ İLE İLGİLİ KAYITLAR (1742-1759)
Authors: GÖKÇEK Mehmet Fatih
Published: November 2018

Divan-ı hümayun, Osmanlı

Devleti'nin en üst idarî ve yargı birimiydi. Divan'da müzakere edilerek karara

bağlanan meseleler çeşitli defter serilerine yazılırdı. Bu defter serilerinden

biri de 1742'de ortaya çıkan Eyalet Ahkâm defterleridir. Eyalet Ahkâm

defterleri, merkeze intikal eden şikâyetleri ve mahallî mahkemelerde halledilemeyen

davalara ilişkin merkezî idarenin getirdiği çözümleri içerir. Bu bakımdan

Eyalet Ahkâm defterleri yerel tarih araştırmacıları için temel başvuru

kaynaklarındandır. Çalışmada 1742-1759 yılları arasındaki hükümleri ihtiva eden

1 Nolu Trabzon Ahkâm Defteri ele alınarak merkezden Kürtün'e

gönderilen hükümler değerlendirilmiş ve bu hükümlerden hareketle Kürtün'ün

idarî, sosyal ve ekonomik tarihine ilişkin bilgiler verilmiştir.
I. DÜNYA HARBİ'NDE "ARTVİN'İN NENE HATUN'U": ÇİÇEK NENE
Authors: GÜVEN Onur
Published: November 2018

"40 yıllık kara

günler" olarak isimlendirilen Rus esareti döneminde (93 Harbi-I. Dünya

Harbi arası) Artvin halkı çeşitli sıkıntılara ve acılara katlanarak, büyük

fedakârlıklarda bulunmuştur. Büyük göçe maruz kalan halk yerini, yurdunu

kaybetmiştir. Artvin ve çevresinde Rus saldırılarının yoğun olduğu 1915

yılında, gönüllü birlikler tarafından savunulan Şavşat'ta büyük bir direniş

olmuştur.  Rus kuvvetler ve milis güçler

arasında şiddetli çatışmalar sürerken Çiçek Nene'nin cesurca ve kahramanca

mücadelesi, önemli bir direniş figürü olarak karşımıza çıkar. Türk kadınının

yeri geldiğinde cephe arkasında, yeri geldiğinde cephede gösterdiği destansı

faaliyetler herkesin malumudur ve savaş esnasındaki mücadelesi paha

biçilemezdir. Bunun bir örneğini Çiçek Nene aracılığıyla Artvin'de görmek

mümkündür.
TRABZON İMPARATORLUĞU’NUN KURULUŞU (1204-1222)
Authors: KEÇİŞ Murat , HANAR Murat
Published: November 2018

Bu

makalede; İstanbul’un IV. Haçlı Seferleri sırasında Latinler tarafından istila

edilmesi üzerine şehri terk eden hanedan ailelerinden Komnenosların 1204

yılında Trabzon’da kurdukları ve 1461 yılında Fatih Sultan Mehmet’in fethi ile

sona eren Trabzon Rum Devleti’nin kuruluş evresi anlatılmaktadır.
Da última onda de integração infraestrutural no continente sul-americano: um balanço conciso
Authors: Chaves Daniel
Published: November 2018

Neste texto sobre o debate de escopo mais amplo da Integração Regional Sul-americana, pretende-se ofertar uma breve e concisa apreciação acerca do passo contextual do início de século, a respeito dos projetos e das possibilidades de integração através da infraestrutura energética e rodoviária do subcontinente em seu período pré-crise financeira internacional (2002-2012). Notamos a vitalidade da política externa brasileira sobre a região especialmente após as contribuições dos governos brasileiros do período nas suas regularidades e descontinuidades.
Interpolation Using Cubic Bѐzier Triangular Patches
Authors: Abdul Karim Samsul Ariffin , Saaban Azizan , Hasan Mohammad Khatim , Sulaiman Jumat , Hashim Ishak
Published: November 2018

Spatial interpolation is a method that can be used to estimate the unknown value (or parameter) at certain time or location.  Besides of that, shape preserving interpolation especially positivity preserving interpolation play an important role for data visualization where the resulting interpolating surface must be positive everywhere. In this study, we use a triangulation based method consists of positivity preserving cubic Bí©zier triangular patches to estimate the unknown value of rainfall amount at spatial localization.  This scheme is useful for spatial data interpolation compared to the mesh free methods which are required the optimization technique in order to ensure the positivity of basis functions.The data is triangulated by using Delaunay’s triangulation algorithm and from there the triangular surfaces are constructed piecewisely comprising three local schemes that are blended together via convex combination to form a scattered interpolating surface. Sufficient conditions on Bí©zier ordinates are derived in order to preserve the positivity of the surface. Validation of the propose schemes are conducted by using well-known test function used in previous researches. Then, the best the scheme is selected to visualize a rainfall data distribution based on secondary data collected at various meteorology stations in Malaysia obtain from Malaysian Meteorology Department.  Finally, we estimate the unknown rainfall amount at certain locations that lies inside the convex hull formed by all given stations. The finding shows that positivity preserving cubic triangular patches is able to preserve the positivity of rainfall distribution surface and has a significant application in estimating the rainfall amount at unallocated meteorology stations in Malaysia.
Feature selection from colon cancer dataset for cancer classification using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Rahman Md. Akizur , Muniyandi Ravie Chandren
Published: November 2018

In the fast-growing field of medicine and its dynamic demand in research, a study that proves significant improvement to healthcare seems imperative especially when it is on cancer research. This research paved way to such significant findings by the inclusion of feature selection as one of its major components. Feature selection has become a vital task to apply data mining algorithms effectively in the real-world problems for classification. Feature selection has been the focus of interest for quite some time and much completed work related to it. Although much research conducted on the field, a study that proved a nearly perfect accuracy seems limited; hence, more scientifically driven results should be produced. Using various research on feature selection as basis for the choices in this study, the method was product of careful selection and planning. Specifically, this study used feature selection for improving classification accuracy on cancerous dataset. This study proposed Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for cancer classification with feature selection on colon cancer dataset. The study used best first search method in weka tools for feature selection. Through the process, a promising result has been achieved. The result of the experiment achieved 98.4 % accuracy for cancer classification after feature selection by using proposed algorithm. The result displayed that feature selection improved the classification accuracy based on the experiment conducted on the colon cancer dataset. The result of this experiment was comparable with the other studies on colon cancer research. It  showed another significant improvement and can be considered promising for more future applications.
Primary and Secondary School Students Perspective on Kolb-based STEM Module and Robotic Prototype
Authors: Zainal Noor Faridatul Ainun , Din Rosseni , Abd Majid Nazatul Aini , Nasrudin Mohammad Faidzul , Abd Rahman Abdul Hadi
Published: November 2018

The aim of this paper is to assess students' perceptions of their competency and interests in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) throughout Malaysia. These perceptions are obtained during and after they were engaged in using a STEM module and building a robotic prototype that was in line with the STEM teachers' specification, and was conducted at the National Science Centre, Malaysia. This activity was undertaken because the target ratio for the number of students enrolling in STEM programs is not met. The developed STEM module is based on four stages of the learning cycle in Kolb's experiential learning theory. The stages are Concrete Experience, Reflective  Observation, Abstract Conceptualization, and Active Experimentation. These stages have five key educational activities which are watching videos, reading modules, assembling robotic components, drag and drop using blockly software and lastly playing a robotic game.  The key element of the activities is the utilisation of a robotic prototype as the main component in increasing the students’ interest in STEM via games. This module was evaluated in both qualitative and quantitative case studies of students to inform teachers’ perceptions of the developed modules and robotic prototypes. Data were collected through two training events at a science exhibition at the National Science Centre and taken from two distinct groups, namely primary and secondary school students in range 11 to 15 year old. The evaluation comprised of five areas which were interaction, engagement, challenge, competency and interest. The results show that developed module and robotic prototype based n teacher’s perception received positive response from the respondents. It can efficiently raise students’ interest in STEM that meets the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025.
Population Initialisation Methods for Fuzzy Job-Shop Scheduling Problems: Issues and Future Trends
Authors: Shaheed Iman Mousa , Abdul Shukor Syaimak , Abdullah Salwani
Published: November 2018

Scheduling job shops in the real-world manufacturing environment is a multifarious task that involved various and multiple components, solutions and approach. Fuzzy Job-Shop Scheduling Problems (Fuzzy JSSPs) are most commonly addressed by the population-based Meta-heuristic algorithms. These algorithms usually derive near-optimum solutions within reasonable computational times, almost by two main steps; the initialisation and then improvement step. Numerous theoretical studies pointed out that a Meta-heuristic performance is mainly affected by the performance of its initialisation method. The main purpose of this paper is to understand the existing trend and concerns of issues in population initialisation for Fuzzy JSSPs research by examining the published articles and furthermore to provide comprehension insight and future direction on these methods. Therefore, this paper determined to review and classify the existing literature on Fuzzy JSSPs and analyse the performance of the initialisation methods used to identify their possible limitations. In consequence, previous works outlined three potential methods for initial solutions generation, which are Random-based, priority rules-based, and heuristic methods. However, the current analysis showed that Heuristic-based initialisation approach remains lacking in the Fuzzy JSSPs domain in spite of its successful performance in the crisp JSSP domain, especially, its capability to generate high-quality initial population that consists of optimal or near optimal solutions. Furthermore, this paper identifies probable gaps and reveals several performance limitations in the existing methods, which demands for an urgent solution to develop alternatives. Promising suggestions for future studies are also provided that may lead to new Heuristic Initialisation methods to be proposed in order to overcome the existing shortcomings.
Enhanced Buffer Management Policy and Packet Prioritization for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Rabileh Abdiwahab A , Abu Bakar Khairul Azmi , Mohamed Rajina R , Mohamad Mohamad A
Published: November 2018

Limited storage of the sensor node is one of the main causes of packet drop in the Wireless sensor network (WSN).   Frequent link disconnection is also another cause of packet drop.  Due to lack of continues end-to-end connection; two nodes may not be able to communicate with one another. Thus, communication may be established with the help of store and forward approach between the source and destination node. In that case, the sensor node may not be capable of storing a chunk of data since the buffer is available in a small amount. In order to store the data packets in the buffer when the link is down, an effective buffer management scheme is highly needed to keep the data packets for a long time until the link is re-established. This paper proposes a new buffer management scheme called Packet Priority Heterogonous Queue (PPHQ), which based on prioritizing and classifying the packets into different categories to minimize the loss of important packets. Unlike the existing Multi-layer WSN, that treats the data packets differently; we considered the data packets such as; temperature, humidity, and pressure to be same. However, the classification of different packet types is based on the sensor’s information value.  We completely divide the whole buffer into different queues, and thus the newly arrived packets are inserted in their corresponding queue. The buffer will then prioritize and schedule on which packet to be stored or transmit first when the buffer is overloaded. Our result exhibits that PPHQ scheme indeed provides minimum packet drop as well as maximum throughput compared to existing Multi-layer WSN buffer management schemes.
Dr.LADA: Diagnosing Black Pepper Pests and Diseases with Decision Tree
Authors: Adam Afzan , Kho Pei Ee , Sahari Noraidah , Tida Angela , Chen Yi Shang , Tawie Kevin Muyang , Kamarudin Shafinah , Mohamad Hazura
Published: November 2018

Malaysia has the distinction of being the world’s fifth largest pepper producer country whereby 98% of the country's annual production comes from the State of Sarawak. However, crop loss due to pest and disease incidence has been identified as one of the major pepper production constraints. Inefficient advisory mechanism and assistance from extension staff due to technical and logistic limitations have hindered the pest and disease diagnosis effort for pepper. Currently, extension staff from MPB will have to travel to the rural farms when contacted, or during their visits to advice or treat the plants. Therefore, “DR.LADA”, was jointly developed by Malaysian Pepper Board and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia to diagnose six pests and ten diseases of pepper which commonly found in Malaysia and recommends appropriate management measures to solve the problems. This an interactive android-based mobile app used an inference engine utilises the forward-backward chaining methods to trigger the correct output from decision tree that inter-relates the expert rules which extracted and validated by Malaysian Pepper Board experts. Dr.LADA is a native mobile app develop on a java-based platform which provides fast performance, high degree of reliability and can be used without any internet connection. The app has been tested with 10 case studies carried out by Malaysian Pepper Board and scored 97% of accuracy. Having Dr.LADA, user can identify problems by answering a series of questions from symptoms shown by several plant parts. Therefore, the dependency of farmers on extension staff are reduced, and indirectly minimizing the extension activity costs.
Redefining Selection of Features and Classification Algorithms for Room Occupancy Detection
Authors: Sani Nor Samsiah , Shamsuddin Illa Iza Suhana , Sahran Shahnurbanon , Abd Rahman Abdul Hadi , Muzaffar Ereena Nadjimin
Published: November 2018

The exponential growth of todays technologies has resulted in the growth of high-throughput data with respect to both dimensionality and sample size. Therefore, efficient and effective supervision of these data becomes increasing challenging and machine learning techniques were developed with regards to knowledge discovery and recognizing patterns from these data. This paper presents machine learning tool for preprocessing tasks and a comparative study of different classification techniques in which a machine learning tasks have been employed in an experimental set up using a dataset archived from the UCI Machine Learning Repository website. The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of refined feature selection on different classification algorithms to improve the prediction of classification accuracy for room occupancy. Subsets of the original features constructed by filter or information gain and wrapper techniques are compared in terms of the classification performance achieved with selected machine learning algorithms. Three feature selection algorithms are tested, specifically the Information Gain Attribute Evaluation (IGAE), Correlation Attribute Evaluation (CAE) and Wrapper Subset Evaluation (WSE) algorithms. Following a refined feature selection stage, three machine learning algorithms are then compared, consisting the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Logistic Model Trees (LMT) and Instance Based k (IBk). Based on the feature analysis, the WSE was found to be optimal in identifying relevant features. The application of feature selection is certainly intended to obtain a higher accuracy performance. The experimental results also demonstrate the effectiveness of Instance Based k compared to other ML classifiers in providing the highest performance rate of room occupancy prediction.
User Experience Model for Remote Envenomation Consultation Mobile Application with Decision Support Ability
Authors: Zainun Rasyida , Lam Meng Chun , Abu Bakar Khairul Azmi , Ismail Ahmad Khaldun
Published: November 2018

Most industries have begun adapting mobile technology in their daily work included health domain. A group of clinical toxinology experts intend to adopt the mobile technology to provide the consultation services remotely. Current practice of the consultation service is using the communication application available in market which has limitation and not suitable in their context. Thus, a specific newly design mobile application should be developed for their case. To generate mobile applications and services that meet the user's expectations, the development of applications that emphasize user experience (UX) factor needs to be implemented. UX factors are heavily depending on the different user, system, context and temporal factors. There is lack of research of UX factors in the mobile health domain especially in the remote envenomation consultation mobile application. Therefore, the purpose and scope of this research is to identify UX factors from the perspective of system components for this type of mobile application. This paper gathered the UX definition, UX factor and UX model from the previous researches. The UX factors finding process included literature review and discussion with the clinical toxinology experts. UX factors have been identified and matched with the remote consultation mobile application context. At the end, we have derived a UX model for the remote envenomation consultation mobile application case. The UX model included four product features and seven UX factor. Product features involved information quality, user interface design, functionality and data visualisation. Whereas seven UX factor involved usefulness, effectiveness, efficiency, ease of use, aesthetic, trustworthy and stimulation. The presented UX Model contained specific factor for remote envenomation consultation mobile application. It can be a reference to develop a mobile application to meet the context and user expectation for the remote consultation case.
Image Enhancement Background for High Damage Malay Manuscripts using Adaptive Threshold Binarization
Authors: Yahya Sitti Rachmawati , Omar Khairuddin , Sheikh Abdullah Siti Norul Huda , Sophian Ali
Published: November 2018

Jawi Manuscripts handwritten which are kept at Malaysia National Library (MNL), has aged over decades. Regardless of the intensive sustainable process conducted by MNL, these manuscripts are still not maintained in good quality, and neither can easily be read nor better view. Even thought, many states of the art methods have developed for image enhancement, none of them can solve extremely bad quality manuscripts. The quality of old Malay Manuscripts can be categorize into three types, namely: the background image is uneven, image effects and image effects expand patch. The aim of this paper is to discuss the methods used to value add the quality of the manuscript.  Our propose methods consist of several main methods, such as: Local Adaptive Equalization, Image Intensity Values, Automatic Threshold PP, and Adaptive Threshold Filtering. This paper is intend to achieve a better view image that geared to ease reading. Error Bit Phase achievement (TKB) has a smaller error value for proposed method (Adaptive Threshold Filtering Process / PAM) namely 0.0316 compared with Otsu’s Threshold Method / MNAO, Binary Threshold Value Method / MNAP, and Automatic Local Threshold Value Method / MNATA. The precision achievement (namely on ink bleed images) is using a proposed method more than 95% is compared with the state of the art methods MNAO, MNAP, MNATA and their performances are 75.82%, 90.68%, and 91.2% subsequently.  However, this paper’s achievement is using a proposed method / PAM, MNAO, MNAP, and MNATA for correspondingly the image of ink bleed case are 45.74%, 54.80%, 53.23% and 46.02%.  Conclusion, the proposed method produces a better character shape in comparison to other methods.