bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Supine Position Superior to Prone Position in the Surgical Pinning of Supracondylar Humerus Fracture in Children?
Authors: Pavone Vito , Vescio Andrea , Riccioli Maria , Culmone Annalisa , Cosentino Pierluigi , Caponnetto Marco , Dimartino Sara , Testa Gianluca
Published: July 2020

Background: Supracondylar humerus fracture (SCHF) is a frequent injury in pediatric ages. Closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation is a common treatment of displaced SCHF. Surgery is usually performed in the supine position; otherwise the prone position allows an easier fracture reduction and a safe placement of pins. The aim of study is to compare the clinical and radiographic results of the treatment of displaced SCHF, comparing two different intra-operative positionings. Methods: 59 SCHF affected children were retrospectively divided into supine (Group 1; n = 34) and prone (Group 2; n = 25), according to intraoperative position. All treated subjects were clinically evaluated according to Flynn’s criteria and Mayo Elbow Performance Score, and radiographically, including the measurement of the Baumann angle. Results: Clinically, Group 1, according Flynn’s criteria, had excellent cosmetic outcome in 32 subjects (94.1%). Mean MAYO Score was 96.0 ± 3.8. Group 2, according Flynn’s criteria, had excellent cosmetic outcomes in 23 subjects (92.0%). Mean MAYO Score was 97.8 ± 3.3. Radiographically, mean difference of Baumann’s angle between the injured limb and the normal limb was 5.5° ± 1.0° in Group 1 and 5.1° ± 1.1° in Group 2. Conclusion: Both supine and prone positioning achieved a satisfying outcome with similar results in joint function recovery and complications.
Boussinesq Model and CFD Simulations of Non-Linear Wave Diffraction by a Floating Vertical Cylinder
Authors: Mohapatra Sarat Chandra , Islam Hafizul , Guedes Soares C.
Published: July 2020

A mathematical model for the problem of wave diffraction by a floating fixed truncated vertical cylinder is formulated based on Boussinesq equations (BEs). Using Bessel functions in the velocity potentials, the mathematical problem is solved for second-order wave amplitudes by applying a perturbation technique and matching conditions. On the other hand, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results of normalized free surface elevations and wave heights are compared against experimental fluid data (EFD) and numerical data available in the literature. In order to check the fidelity and accuracy of the Boussinesq model (BM), the results of the second-order super-harmonic wave amplitude around the vertical cylinder are compared with CFD results. The comparison shows a good level of agreement between Boussinesq, CFD, EFD, and numerical data. In addition, wave forces and moments acting on the cylinder and the pressure distribution around the vertical cylinder are analyzed from CFD simulations. Based on analytical solutions, the effects of radius, wave number, water depth, and depth parameters at specific elevations on the second-order sub-harmonic wave amplitudes are analyzed.
Nanoscopic Approach to Study the Early Stages of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells In Vitro
Authors: Chtcheglova Lilia A. , Ohlmann Andreas , Boytsov Danila , Hinterdorfer Peter , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Priglinger Claudia S.
Published: July 2020

The maintenance of visual function is supported by the proper functioning of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), representing a mosaic of polarized cuboidal postmitotic cells. Damage factors such as inflammation, aging, or injury can initiate the migration and proliferation of RPE cells, whereas they undergo a pseudo-metastatic transformation or an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) from cuboidal epithelioid into fibroblast-like or macrophage-like cells. This process is recognized as a key feature in several severe ocular pathologies, and is mimicked by placing RPE cells in culture, which provides a reasonable and well-characterized in vitro model for a type 2 EMT. The most obvious characteristic of EMT is the cell phenotype switching, accompanied by the cytoskeletal reorganization with changes in size, shape, and geometry. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has the salient ability to label-free explore these characteristics. Based on our AFM results supported by the genetic analysis of specific RPE differentiation markers, we elucidate a scheme for gradual transformation from the cobblestone to fibroblast-like phenotype. Structural changes in the actin cytoskeletal reorganization at the early stages of EMT lead to the development of characteristic geodomes, a finding that may reflect an increased propensity of RPE cells to undergo further EMT and thus become of diagnostic significance.
Tunable Young’s Moduli of Soft Composites Fabricated from Magnetorheological Materials Containing Microsized Iron Particles
Authors: Yoon Ji-Young , Hong Seong-Woo , Park Yu-Jin , Kim Seong-Hwan , Kim Gi-Woo , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: July 2020

This study experimentally investigates the field-dependent Young’s moduli of soft composites, which are fabricated from two different magnetic-responsive materials; magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) and magnetorheological fluid (MRF). Four factors are selected as the main factors affecting Young’s modulus of soft composites: the amount of MRF, the channel pattern, shore hardness and carbonyl iron particle (CIP) concentration of the MRE layer. Five specimens are manufactured to meet the investigation of four factors. Prior to testing, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image is taken to check the uniform dispersion of the carbonyl iron particle (CIP) concentration of the MRE layer, and a magnetic circuit is constructed to generate the effective magnetic field to the specimen fixed at the universal tensile test machine. The force–displacement curve is directly measured from the machine and converted to the stress–strain relationship. Thereafter, the Young’s modulus is determined from this curve by performing linear regression analysis with respect to the considered factors. The tunability of the Young’s moduli of the specimens is calculated based on the experimental results in terms of two performance indicators: the relative percentage difference of Young’s modulus according to the magnetic field, and the normalized index independent of the zero-field modulus. In the case of the relative percentage difference, the specimens without MRF are the smallest, and the ones with the highest CIP concentration are the largest. As a result of comparing the normalized index of each factor, the change in shore hardness and channel pattern have little effect on the tunability of Young’s moduli, and the amount of MRF injected and CIP concentration of MRE have a large effect. The results of this study are expected to provide basic guidelines for fabricating soft composites whose field-dependent Young’s moduli can be tuned by several factors with different effects.
Numerical Analysis of Fatigue Crack Growth Path and Life Predictions for Linear Elastic Material
Authors: Alshoaibi Abdulnaser M. , Fageehi Yahya Ali
Published: July 2020

The main objective of this work was to present a numerical modelling of crack growth path in linear elastic materials under mixed-mode loadings, as well as to study the effect of presence of a hole on fatigue crack propagation and fatigue life in a modified compact tension specimen under constant amplitude loading condition. The ANSYS Mechanical APDL 19.2 is implemented for accurate prediction of the crack propagation paths and the associated fatigue life under constant amplitude loading conditions using a new feature in ANSYS which is the smart crack growth technique. The Paris law model has been employed for the evaluation of the mixed-mode fatigue life for the modified compact tension specimen (MCTS) with different configuration of MCTS under the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) assumption. The approach involves accurate evaluation of stress intensity factors (SIFs), path of crack growth and a fatigue life evaluation through an incremental crack extension analysis. Fatigue crack growth results indicate that the fatigue crack has always been attracted to the hole, so either it can only curve its path and propagate towards the hole, or it can only float from the hole and grow further once the hole has been lost. In terms of trajectories of crack propagation under mixed-mode load conditions, the results of this study are validated with several crack propagation experiments published in literature showing the similar observations. Accurate results of the predicted fatigue life were achieved compared to the two-dimensional data performed by other researchers.
Application of Earth Pigments in Cycloolefin Copolymer: Protection against Combustion and Accelerated Aging in the Full Sunlight Spectrum
Authors: Szadkowski Bolesław , Kuśmierek Małgorzata , Rybiński Przemysław , Żukowski Witold , Marzec Anna
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we assess various natural earth pigments as potential colorants and stabilizers for ethylene–norbornene copolymer composites. Several cycloolefin copolymer (COC) composites colored with 2 wt% of a selected pigment were prepared using a two-step mixing method. The aging resistance of the polymer composites was investigated in terms of changes to their mechanical properties, following accelerated aging in the full sunlight spectrum (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 h). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface energy measurements, and spectrophotometry were used to assess the color changes, surface defects, and morphology of the composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study their thermal stability. The combustion characteristics of the prepared COC composites were evaluated based on the microcombustion calorimetry test (MCC). The application of earth pigments resulted in interesting color changes and a significant improvement in the aging resistance of the COC-filled samples, as evidenced by higher aging factor values and lower carbonyl index parameters compared to the reference (COC). The best results were observed for hematite (HM), gold ochre (GO), and red ochre (RO). In addition, the application of earth pigments, especially iron ochre (IO) and red ochre (RO), in COC contributed to a significant reduction in the heat release rate (HRR) values, indicating improved flame retardancy. This research opens the possibility of producing colorful COC composites with enhanced photostability and reduced flammability for use in polymer applications.
A Novel Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Admixture for Increasing Flowability and Reducing Viscosity of Ultra-High Performance Paste
Authors: Wang Min , Yao Hao
Published: July 2020

The low flowability and high viscosity of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), which is mainly caused by the silica fume (SF) agglomeration and low water–binder ratio, is a severe defect in its engineering applications. Herein, a novel organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) admixture was synthesized by grafting comb-like polycarboxylate ether (PCE) onto the surface of SF. On the one hand, PCE-grafting could effectively prevent SF agglomeration and improve the dispersion of SF core. The reason being the consumption of polar silicon hydroxyl (Si-OH) groups on the surface of SF and the steric hindrance effect generated from PCE arms. On the other hand, OIH admixture could adsorb onto the surface of cement and SF particles by electrostatic interaction, exhibiting stronger steric hindrance effect than traditional comb-like PCE. As a result, UHPC system with this star-like OIH admixture presented high flowability and low viscosity at low water–binder ratio (0.18).
Voigt Transform and Umbral Image
Authors: Licciardi Silvia , Pidatella Rosa Maria , Artioli Marcello , Dattoli Giuseppe
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we show that the use of methods of an operational nature, such as umbral calculus, allows achieving a double target: on one side, the study of the Voigt function, which plays a pivotal role in spectroscopic studies and in other applications, according to a new point of view, and on the other, the introduction of a Voigt transform and its possible use. Furthermore, by the same method, we point out that the Hermite and Laguerre functions, extension of the corresponding polynomials to negative and/or real indices, can be expressed through a definition in a straightforward and unified fashion. It is illustrated how the techniques that we are going to suggest provide an easy derivation of the relevant properties along with generalizations to higher order functions.
The Relationship between the IFNG (rs2430561) Polymorphism and Metabolic Syndrome in Perimenopausal Women
Authors: Schneider-Matyka Daria , Szkup Małgorzata , Owczarek Aleksander Jerzy , Stanisławska Marzanna , Knyszyńska Anna , Lubkowska Anna , Grochans Elżbieta , Jurczak Anna
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multiple risk factor for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and strokes. One-third of middle-age women are at risk of MetS, which predisposes them to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Changes in the regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines―which play an important role in pathologic processes―may contribute to inflammatory disorders. Cytokine polymorphisms are known to have an impact on gene expression. The purpose of this study was to search for the relationship between the IFNG polymorphisms and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Materials and Methods: This study, conducted in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, involved 416 women. Of these women, 33.6% of them had primary education, 44.8% lived in cities with a population of over 100,000, and 82.7% were married. Of the participants, 28.4% met the criteria for MetS. The study involved: interview performed to collect sociodemographic and medical data, anthropometric measurements, as well as venous blood collection for biochemical analysis, genetic testing and the measurement of inflammatory markers. Results: The link between the IFNG (rs2430561) polymorphism and serum PIC (proinflammatory cytokines) levels was tested with regard to MetS. In the MetS+ subgroup, the T/T and A/T genotypes of the IFNG gene were accompanied by higher IL-6 levels than in the MetS− subgroup. Conclusion: Our study has not confirmed a direct link between the IFNG polymorphisms and the levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Nevertheless, the T/T and A/T genotypes of the IFNG gene may predispose to elevated IL-6 levels.
High-Grade Flake Graphite Deposits in Metamorphic Schist Belt, Central Finland—Mineralogy and Beneficiation of Graphite for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Al-Ani Thair , Leinonen Seppo , Ahtola Timo , Salvador Dandara
Published: July 2020

More than 40 m length of drill cores were collected from four boreholes drilled by Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) and Outokumpu Oy in high-grade metamorphic rocks of Rautalampi and Käypysuo, Central Finland. The hosted rocks of the graphite mineralization were mica–quartz schist and biotite gneiss. The graphite-bearing rocks and final concentrated graphite powder were studied with petrographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray analysis (XRD and XRF). A majority of the studied graphite had a distinctly flakey (0.2–1 mm in length) or platy morphology with a well-ordered crystal lattice. Beneficiation studies were performed to produce high-purity graphite concentrate, where rod milling and froth flotation produced a final concentrate of 90% fixed carbon with recoveries between 67% and 83%. Particle size reduction was tested by a ball and an attritor mill. Graphite purification by alkaline roasting process with 35% NaOH at 250 °C and leached by 10% H2SO4 solution at room temperature could reach the graphite purity level of 99.4%. Our analysis suggested that purifying by multistage flotation processes, followed by alkaline roasting and acid leaching, is a considerable example to obtain high-grade graphite required for lithium-ion battery production.
Self-Assembling Behavior of Smart Nanocomposite System: Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Confined by Stretched Porous Polyethylene Film
Authors: Bubnov Alexej , Bobrovsky Alexey , Rychetský Ivan , Fekete Ladislav , Hamplová Věra
Published: July 2020

The control and prediction of soft systems exhibiting self-organization behavior can be realized by different means but still remains a highlighted task. Novel advanced nanocomposite system has been designed by filling of a stretched porous polyethylene (PE) film with pore dimensions of hundreds of nanometers by chiral ferroelectric liquid crystalline (LC) compound possessing polar self-assembling behavior. Lactic acid derivative exhibiting the paraelectric orthogonal smectic A* and the ferroelectric tilted smectic C* phases over a broad temperature range is used as a self-assembling compound. The morphology of nanocomposite film has been checked by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The designed nanocomposite has been studied by polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small and wide-angle X-ray scattering and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The effect of a porous PE confinement on self-assembling, structural, and dielectric behavior of the chiral LC compound has been established and discussed. While the mesomorphic and structural properties of the nanocomposite are found not to be much influenced in comparison to that of a pure LC compound, the polar properties have been toughly suppressed by the specific confinement. Nevertheless, the electro-optic switching was clearly observed under applied electric field of low frequency (210 V, 19 Hz). The dielectric spectroscopy and X-ray results reveal that the helical structure of the ferroelectric liquid crystal inside the PE matrix is completely unwound, and the molecules are aligned along stretching direction. Obtained results demonstrate possibilities of using stretched porous polyolefins as promising matrices for the design of new nanocomposites.
Malnutrition Screening and Assessment in the Cancer Care Ambulatory Setting: Mortality Predictability and Validity of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short form (PG-SGA SF) and the GLIM Criteria
Authors: De Groot Lynette M. , Lee Gahee , Ackerie Antoinette , van der Meij Barbara S.
Published: July 2020

Background: A valid malnutrition screening tool (MST) is essential to provide timely nutrition support in ambulatory cancer care settings. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGA SF) and the new Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria as compared to the reference standard, the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Methods: Cross-sectional observational study including 246 adult ambulatory patients with cancer receiving in-chair intravenous treatment at a cancer care centre in Australia. Anthropometrics, handgrip strength and patient descriptive data were assessed. Nutritional risk was identified using MST and PG-SGA SF, nutritional status using PG-SGA and GLIM. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values and kappa (k) were analysed. Associations between malnutrition and 1-year mortality were investigated by Cox survival analyses. Results: A PG-SGA SF cut-off score ≥5 had the highest agreement when compared with the PG-SGA (Se: 89%, Sp: 80%, k = 0.49, moderate agreement). Malnutrition risk (PG-SGA SF ≥ 5) was 31% vs. 24% (MST). For malnutrition according to GLIM, the Se was 76% and Sp was 73% (k = 0.32, fair agreement) when compared to PG-SGA. The addition of handgrip strength to PG-SGA SF or GLIM did not improve Se, Sp or agreement. Of 100 patients who provided feedback, 97% of patients found the PG-SGA SF questions easy to understand, and 81% reported that it did not take too long to complete. PG-SGA SF ≥ 5 and severe malnutrition by GLIM were associated with 1-year mortality risk. Conclusions: The PG-SGA SF and GLIM criteria are accurate, sensitive and specific malnutrition screening and assessment tools in the ambulatory cancer care setting. The addition of handgrip strength tests did not improve the recognition of malnutrition or mortality risk.
Micro-Clotting of Platelet-Rich Plasma Upon Loading in Hydrogel Microspheres Leads to Prolonged Protein Release and Slower Microsphere Degradation
Authors: Choi Miran Hannah , Blanco Alexandra , Stealey Samuel , Duan Xin , Case Natasha , Sell Scott Allen , Rai Muhammad Farooq , Zustiak Silviya Petrova
Published: July 2020

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product that contains a variety of growth factors (GFs) that are released upon platelet activation. Despite some therapeutic potential of PRP in vitro, in vivo data are not convincing. Bolus injection of PRP is cleared rapidly from the body diminishing its therapeutic efficacy. This highlights a need for a delivery vehicle for a sustained release of PRP to improve its therapeutic effect. In this study, we used microfluidics to fabricate biodegradable PRP-loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres. PRP was incorporated into the microspheres as a lyophilized PRP powder either as is (powder PRP) or first solubilized and pre-clotted to remove clots (liquid PRP). A high PRP loading of 10% w/v was achieved for both PRP preparations. We characterized the properties of the resulting PRP-loaded PEG microspheres including swelling, modulus, degradation, and protein release as a function of PRP loading and preparation. Overall, loading powder PRP into the PEG microspheres significantly affected the properties of microspheres, with the most pronounced effect noted in degradation. We further determined that microsphere degradation in the presence of powder PRP was affected by platelet aggregation and clotting. Platelet aggregation did not prevent but prolonged sustained PRP release from the microspheres. The delivery system developed and characterized herein could be useful for the loading and releasing of PRP to promote tissue regeneration and wound healing or to suppress tissue degeneration in osteoarthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration.
LLDPE Composites with Nanosized Copper and Copper Oxides for Water Disinfection
Authors: Gurianov Yanna , Nakonechny Faina , Albo Yael , Nisnevitch Marina
Published: July 2020

Consumption of contaminated water may lead to dangerous and even fatal water-borne diseases. Disinfection of drinking water is the most effective solution for this problem. The most common water treatment methods are based on the use of toxic disinfectants. Composites of polymers with nanosized metals and their oxides may become a good alternative to the existing methods. Expanding the scope of our previous publication, copper, cuprous, and copper oxide nanoparticles were immobilized onto linear low-density polyethylene by a simple thermal adhesion method. The antibacterial efficiency of the immobilized nanoparticles was tested against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus in batch experiments and for the first time the efficiency of these composites is reported for continuous flow regime. Immobilized copper and cuprous oxide nanoparticles demonstrated a high ability to eradicate bacteria after 30 min. These composites showed no or very limited leaching of copper ions into the aqueous phase both in the presence and in the absence of a bacterial suspension. Immobilized copper and cuprous oxide nanoparticles can be used for batch or continuous disinfection of water.
RAINBOW: An Operational Oriented Combined IR-Algorithm
Authors: D’Adderio Leo Pio , Puca Silvia , Vulpiani Gianfranco , Petracca Marco , Sanò Paolo , Dietrich Stefano
Published: July 2020

In this paper, precipitation estimates derived from the Italian ground radar network (IT GR) are used in conjunction with Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) measurements to develop an operational oriented algorithm (RAdar INfrared Blending algorithm for Operational Weather monitoring (RAINBOW)) able to provide precipitation pattern and intensity. The algorithm evaluates surface precipitation over five geographical boxes (in which the study area is divided). It is composed of two main modules that exploit a second-degree polynomial relationship between the SEVIRI brightness temperature at 10.8 µm TB10.8 and the precipitation rate estimates from IT GR. These relationships are applied to each acquisition of SEVIRI in order to provide a surface precipitation map. The results, based on a number of case studies, show good performance of RAINBOW when it is compared with ground reference (precipitation rate map from interpolated rain gauge measurements), with high Probability of Detection (POD) and low False Alarm Ratio (FAR) values, especially for light to moderate precipitation range. At the same time, the mean error (ME) values are about 0 mmh−1, while root mean square error (RMSE) is about 2 mmh−1, highlighting a limited variability of the RAINBOW estimations. The precipitation retrievals from RAINBOW have been also compared with the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Satellite Application Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (H SAF) official microwave (MW)/infrared (IR) combined product (P-IN-SEVIRI). RAINBOW shows better performances than P-IN-SEVIRI, in terms of both detection and estimates of precipitation fields when they are compared to the ground reference. RAINBOW has been designed as an operational product, to provide complementary information to that of the national radar network where the IT GR coverage is absent, or the quality (expressed in terms of Quality Index (QI)) of the RAINBOW estimates is low. The aim of RAINBOW is to complement the radar and rain gauge network supporting the operational precipitation monitoring.
Design and Implementation of a Pressure Monitoring System Based on IoT for Water Supply Networks
Authors: Pérez-Padillo José , García Morillo Jorge , Ramirez-Faz José , Torres Roldán Manuel , Montesinos Pilar
Published: July 2020

Increasing the efficiency of water supply networks is essential in arid and semi-arid regions to ensure the supply of drinking water to the inhabitants. The cost of renovating these systems is high. However, customized management models can facilitate the maintenance and rehabilitation of hydraulic infrastructures by optimizing the use of resources. The implementation of current Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring systems allows decisions to be based on objective data. In water supply systems, IoT helps to monitor the key elements to improve system efficiency. To implement IoT in a water distribution system requires sensors that are suitable for measuring the main hydraulic variables, a communication system that is adaptable to the water service companies and a friendly system for data analysis and visualization. A smart pressure monitoring and alert system was developed using low-cost hardware and open-source software. An Arduino family microcontroller transfers pressure gauge signals using Sigfox communication, a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN). The IoT ThingSpeak platform is used for data analysis and visualization. Additionally, the system can send alarms via SMS/email in real time using the If This, Then That (IFTTT) web service when anomalous pressure data are detected. The pressure monitoring system was successfully implemented in a real water distribution network in Spain. It was able to detect both breakdowns and leaks in real time.
A Robust Fabric Defect Detection Method Based on Improved RefineDet
Authors: Xie Huosheng , Wu Zesen
Published: July 2020

This paper proposes a robust fabric defect detection method, based on the improved RefineDet. This is done using the strong object localization ability and good generalization of the object detection model. Firstly, the method uses RefineDet as the base model, inheriting the advantages of the two-stage and one-stage detectors and can efficiently and quickly detect defect objects. Secondly, we design an improved head structure based on the Full Convolutional Channel Attention (FCCA) block and the Bottom-up Path Augmentation Transfer Connection Block (BA-TCB), which can improve the defect localization accuracy of the method. Finally, the proposed method applies many general optimization methods, such as attention mechanism, DIoU-NMS, and cosine annealing scheduler, and verifies the effectiveness of these optimization methods in the fabric defect localization task. Experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for the defect detection of fabric images with unpattern background, regular patterns, and irregular patterns.
High-Speed Measurement of Shape and Vibration: Whole-Field Systems for Motion Capture and Vibration Modal Analysis by OPPA Method
Authors: Morimoto Yoshiharu
Published: July 2020

In shape measurement systems using a grating projection method, the phase analysis of a projected grating provides accurate results. The most popular phase analysis method is the phase shifting method, which requires several images for one shape analysis. Therefore, the object must not move during the measurement. The authors previously proposed a new accurate and high-speed shape measurement method, i.e., the one-pitch phase analysis (OPPA) method, which can determine the phase at every point of a single image of an object with a grating projected onto it. In the OPPA optical system, regardless of the distance of the object from the camera, the one-pitch length (number of pixels) on the imaging surface of the camera sensor is always constant. Therefore, brightness data for one pitch at any point of the image can be easily analyzed to determine phase distribution, or shape. This technology will apply to the measurement of objects in motion, including automobiles, robot arms, products on a conveyor belt, and vibrating objects. This paper describes the principle of the OPPA method and example applications for real-time human motion capture and modal analysis of free vibration of a flat cantilever plate after hammering. The results show the usefulness of the OPPA method.
Determination of Permittivity of Dielectric Analytes in the Terahertz Frequency Range Using Split Ring Resonator Elements Integrated with On-Chip Waveguide
Authors: Park Sae June , Cunningham John
Published: July 2020

We investigate the use of finite-element simulations as a novel method for determining the dielectric property of target materials in the terahertz (THz) frequency range using split-ring resonator (SRR) sensing elements integrated into a planar Goubau line (PGL) waveguide. Five such SRRs were designed to support resonances at specific target frequencies. The origin of resonance modes was identified by investigating the electric field distribution and surface current modes in each SRR. Red-shifts were found in the resonances upon deposition of overlaid test dielectric layers that saturated for thicknesses above 10 µm. We also confirmed that the SRRs can work as independent sensors by depositing the analyte onto each individually. The relation between the permittivity of the target material and the saturated resonant frequency was obtained in each case, and was used to extract the permittivity of a test dielectric layer at six different frequencies in the range of 200–700 GHz as an example application. Our approach enables the permittivity of small volumes of analytes to be determined at a series of discrete frequencies up to ~1 THz.
Autopolicy: Automated Traffic Policing for Improved IoT Network Security
Authors: Foremski Pawel , Nowak Sławomir , Fröhlich Piotr , Hernández-Ramos José , Baldini Gianmarco
Published: July 2020

A 2.3Tbps DDoS attack was recently mitigated by Amazon, which is a new record after the 2018 GitHub attack, or the famous 2016 Dyn DNS attack launched from hundreds of thousands of hijacked Internet of Things (IoT) devices. These attacks may disrupt the lives of billions of people worldwide, as we increasingly rely on the Internet. In this paper, we tackle the problem that hijacked IoT devices are often the origin of these attacks. With the goal of protecting the Internet and local networks, we propose Autopolicy: a system that automatically limits the IP traffic bandwidth—and other network resources—available to IoT devices in a particular network. We make use of the fact that devices, such as sensors, cameras, and smart home appliances, rarely need their high-speed network interfaces for normal operation. We present a simple yet flexible architecture for Autopolicy, specifying its functional blocks, message sequences, and general operation in a Software Defined Network. We present the experimental validation results, and release a prototype open source implementation.
A Study of a Parametric Method for the Snow Reflection Coefficient Estimation Using Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Waves
Authors: Herman Krzysztof , Gudra Tadeusz , Opieliński Krzysztof , Banasiak Dariusz , Budzik Tomasz , Risso Nathalie
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a method for estimating snow pressure reflection coefficient based on non-contact ultrasound examination is described. A constant frequency and air-coupled ultrasound pulses were used in this study, which incorporates a parametric method for reflected energy estimation. The experimental part was carried out in situ in the Antarctic, where the snow parameters were measured along with meteorological data. The proposed method represents a promising alternative for estimating the snow-water equivalent, since it uses a parametric approach, which does not require measurements of absolute values for acoustic pressure.
A Longitudinal Prospective Study: The Effect of Annual Seasonal Transition and Coaching Influence on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition in Division I Female Soccer Players
Authors: Purdom Troy M. , Levers Kyle S. , McPherson Chase S. , Giles Jacob , Brown Lindsey
Published: July 2020

This study assessed how seasonal transitions and coaching influence affect aerobic capacity (AC) and body composition across the annual training cycle (ATC). Eleven division 1 female soccer players were tested after five predesignated time blocks (B1–B5): post-season 2016 (B1), nine-week transition (B2), spring season (B3), pre-season (B4), and post-season 2017 (B5). Height, weight, and body composition (fat-free mass (FFM)) were measured prior to a standardized 5 min treadmill running and dynamic movement warm up before a maximal AC test. Statistical analysis included a 4 × 5 repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (dependent variable × time) with the Fishers Least Significant Difference (LSD) post-hoc test when relevant; data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, effect size (ES), and percent change (%). The statistical analysis revealed that the ATC had a significant main effect on AC and FFM (F3,4 2.81, p = 0.001; η2 = 0.22). There were significant increases in AC across the transition period (B1–B2) with reduced training volume (∆ + 12.9%, p = 0.001; ES = 0.50) while AC and FFM peaked after the spring season with directed concurrent training paired with adequate rest B1–B3 (∆ + 16.4%, p < 0.01; ES = 0.81). AC decreased across the pre-season with indirect training (B3–B4) (∆ − 7.0%, p = 0.02; ES = 0.50) and remained suppressed without change (p > 0.05) across the competitive season (B4–B5). Rest, concurrent training, and directed training positively affected AC, while indirect training and high training loads with little rest negatively affected AC.
Short-Term Compound Training on Physical Performance in Young Soccer Players
Authors: Trecroci Athos , Duca Marco , Formenti Damiano , Alberti Giampietro , Iaia F. Marcello , Longo Stefano
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a five-week compound training (with strength and plyometric exercises performed on separate days) on sprint, change of direction, and vertical jump in young soccer players. Eighteen novices in strength and plyometric training were assigned to either a compound training (CMPT) or a control condition (CNT). Both groups trained three times per week. One session was dedicated to soccer-specific drills. The other two weekly sessions were dedicated to circuit-based training routines employing on one-day strength exercises and on the other day plyometric exercises in the CMPT group. At the same time, the CNT group performed two weekly soccer-specific training sessions. All players were tested by 15-m sprint, change-of-direction and acceleration test (CODAT), squat jump, and countermovement jump with arms swing tests. CMPT group improved CODAT, squat jump and countermovement jump to a higher extent compared to CNT group (large vs small or trivial effects, p < 0.05), while both groups had similar 15-m sprint performance (p > 0.05). These results support the use of compound training to improve change of direction and vertical jump performances in young novice soccer players, which are unfamiliar with structured and advanced strength and plyometric training.
Heart Rate Variability and Direct Current Measurement Characteristics in Professional Mixed Martial Arts Athletes
Authors: Coyne Joseph O. C. , Coutts Aaron J. , Fomin Roman , French Duncan N. , Newton Robert U. , Haff G. Gregory
Published: July 2020

This study’s purpose was to examine heart rate variability (HRV) and direct current potential (DC) measures’ sensitivity and correlations between changes in the acute recovery and stress scale (ARSS) and the previous day’s training load. Training load, HRV, DC and ARSS data were collected from fourteen professional mixed martial arts athletes (32.6 ± 5.3 years, 174.8 ± 8.8 cm, 79.2 ± 17.5 kg) the following morning after hard, easy and rest days. Sensitivity was expressed as a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, inter-day typical error (TE) or coefficient of variation (%CV) divided by intra-day TE or %CV). Correlations between HRV, DC and ARSS with training load were also examined. The SNRs for the various HRV and DC measures were acceptable to good (1.02–2.85). There was a 23.1% CV average increase between measures taken between different locations versus the same location. Training load changes were not correlated with HRV/DC but were correlated with ARSS stress variables. Practitioners should be aware of HRV/DC variability; however the daily training signal was greater than the test-retest error in this investigation. Upon awakening, HRV/DC measures appear superior for standardization and planning. HRV and DC measures were less sensitive to the previous day’s training load than ARSS measures.
Impacts of Sustainable Information Technology Capabilities on Information Security Assimilation: The Moderating Effects of Policy—Technology Balance
Authors: Kim Sanghyun , Kim Bora , Seo Minsoo
Published: July 2020

Information security management (ISM) has emerged as a major challenge to sustainable management of companies that highly rely on information technology (IT). To achieve organizational sustainability for managing assets, it is critical for all members of the organization to be assimilated into ISM. An important consideration of ISM assimilation is sustainable IT capabilities. However, so far, there are limited empirical studies on ISM assimilation, particularly those focusing on importance of the organization’s sustainable IT capabilities. Therefore, this study proposes three sustainable IT capabilities (viz., IT infrastructure, IT business spanning capability, and IT proactive stance) with their antecedents based on the existing research, and attempts to empirically prove the impact of these sustainable IT capabilities on ISM assimilation for sustainable management of assets. Additionally, this study proposes policy-to-technology balance as a moderator on the relationships between the three sustainable IT capabilities and ISM assimilation to examine the impact of the non-technical aspect. Responses from 232 upper-management-level employees at various firms currently implementing ISM were collected. Structural equation analysis was run using AMOS 22.0. The results show that the three sustainable IT capabilities were found to have a positive effect on ISM. Furthermore, policy-to-technology balance was found to strengthen the relationship between two IT capabilities (IT infrastructure and IT business spanning capability) and ISM assimilation. However, it emerges that the policy-to-technology balance does not impact IT proactive stance and assimilation. The findings provide meaningful information for future research on sustainable IT capabilities and ISM along with key guidance for the organization to establish a complementary strategy for sustainable assets.
Resilience of Process Plant: What, Why, and How Resilience Can Improve Safety and Sustainability
Authors: Pasman Hans , Kottawar Kedar , Jain Prerna
Published: July 2020

Resilience is the ability to restore performance after sustaining serious damage by a usually unexpected threat. This paper analyzes resilience of process plants as there are oil and gas refining, chemical manufacturing, power-producing plants, and many more. Over the years, plant safety has shifted from retrospective to proactive measures. Safety is important from many points of view, such as protection of workforce and nearby population, but certainly too from an economical and sustainability aspect. Pro-action requires predictive insight of what in the process can go wrong because of internal or external disruptive disturbance. Over the years, to that end, much effort was spent developing risk assessment methods and management. However, risk assessment has proven to be fallible because of various uncertainties and not the least by overlooked or unknown threats. To protect against those upsetting threats, measures can be taken up to a certain limit. These start in designing error-tolerant equipment able to be receptive to early warning signals during operations, responding to those with ‘plasticity’ of mind (that is, an organization and its leadership especially able to think ‘outside-the box’ for coping with unexpected situations), and finally, to deploy effective emergency response and able to recover from damage quickly. The paper presents a summary/review of nearly a decade of research work at the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center at the Texas A&M University to develop the concept and the techniques to realize a resilient plant, so far with a focus on chemical plant. It is, however, still a ‘work-in-progress’; potential is large. Besides the conceptual details, cases are presented that show how human and technical factors, combined in a socio-technical system, can lead to a broader plant safety insight enabling more effective risk control and increased resilience. These cases have up to now only considered warning signals and possible management action, while still limited to internal threats. Hence, aspects of equipment design and recovery should be further considered, also in the light of the dynamics of present-day business environment.
A Study on the Sustainable Development of NPOs with Blockchain Technology
Authors: Shin Eun-Jung , Kang Hyoung-Goo , Bae Kyounghun
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the application of a blockchain for promoting the sustainable development of non-profit organizations (NPOs). Transparency and good governance are important for operating NPOs in addition to building trust with relevant stakeholders. NPOs consume a large amount of resources (including funds) to monitor their operations and present their transparency and soundness of governance to interested stakeholders. Blockchain technology can fulfill an NPO’s requirements at a lower cost and with a higher efficiency. We reviewed the existing research on NPO governance and blockchain applications. In addition, through case studies, we identified sustainable development strategies for NPOs involving blockchain technologies to increase donation, reduce cost, enhance transparency, and improve governance structure.
Relational and Logistical Dimensions of Agricultural Food Recovery: Evidence from California Growers and Recovery Organizations
Authors: Meagher Kelsey D. , Gillman Anne , Campbell David C. , Spang Edward S.
Published: July 2020

Efforts to recover on-farm food losses by emergency food organizations or businesses serving secondary markets have been promoted as a “win–win” solution to both food waste and hunger. We examined what it will take to realize this potential, drawing on interviews with 35 fresh produce growers and 15 representatives from food recovery organizations in California. By taking grower constraints seriously and identifying key dynamics in their relationships with food recovery partners, we provide a textured account of the relevant logistical and relational challenges and promising solutions. Our research makes three specific contributions: (1) providing a straightforward conceptual rubric to clarify when food recovery partnerships are likely to be more or less difficult to achieve; (2) highlighting key relational strategies or approaches that make success more likely, even if logistical barriers appear daunting; and (3) emphasizing the dynamic, developmental, and context-specific nature of recovery partnerships, such that “what works” will necessarily change over time and across different settings. Based on our analysis, successful partnerships require investments of time and attention that are in short supply, but necessary to establish and sustain recovery relationships. The path forward appears less rosy than presumed by those who focus on statistics suggesting a large recovery potential, but also more promising than presumed by those who see the structural challenges (both economic/logistical and social/relational) as inherently insurmountable.
Improving Knowledge about the Sustainable Development Goals through a Collaborative Learning Methodology and Serious Game
Authors: Saitua-Iribar Ainhoa , Corral-Lage Javier , Peña-Miguel Noemi
Published: July 2020

The university is a key agent in the process of transformation towards sustainability within the framework of the 2030 Agenda. This study aims to analyze the usefulness of the collaborative learning methodology through a serious game (SG) in the university environment to increase the level of knowledge and the importance given to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by students. Through ex ante and ex post questionnaires, the degree of variation in the knowledge acquired and importance given to the SDGs was measured. To compare the midrange of these two samples and determine whether differences existed, we applied the Student and Wilcoxon t-tests. The results indicate that the methodology used produced an improvement in knowledge about the SDGs. Therefore, it is concluded that the university should promote this type of workshop and SG activities to contribute to the achievement of the SDGs, both in the Bachelor’s Degree in Primary Education and in degrees of other disciplines. Moreover, we have encouraged active learning of the SDGs through collaborative workshops using the design thinking method and an SG called “The Island”, which, based on certain economic, social and environmental information, puts students in a position to govern resources to meet the needs of its population.