bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stated intention and executive practice in a traditional pre-school programme
Authors: Turner Irene F. , Green Lynn R. V.
Published: August 2017

The aims of the adults implementing traditional nursery programmes in eight play-groups were elicited by questionnaire. The relative importance accorded to each was compared with everyday practice of the play-groups as described in semi-structured interviews and as assessed by interaction analysis. Socio-emotional development was accorded most prominence in the interview and questionnaire data, but the systematic observation revealed that activities likely to facilitate cognitive development received considerably more time (the ratio was almost 8 to 1). No correlations were found between the orderings of aims elicited by the other two methods and the observational data, and no relationship emerged between the ability level of the children (measured by the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale) and the types of behaviour employed by the adult concerned. However, there were indications that certain kinds of managerial behaviour were associated with lower listening vocabulary scores (measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test).
Comparison of tests AH 2/AH 3 with academic criteria
Authors: Heim A. W. , Watts K. P.
Published: August 2017

849 boys and girls from five different schools took Test AH 2/AH 3 one or two years before taking GCE or CSE examinations. Their Total test score and their test profile are compared with their overall success in the examinations, and are analysed according to school subject. Some effects of the raising of the school-leaving age are briefly discussed.
Linguistic skill and ethnic group
Authors: Phillips Dianne
Published: August 2017

This paper reports a survey of language proficiency, using the NFER Test 273, Tests of Proficiency in English. The group surveyed were of varied immigrant and native extraction, and the intention was to compare the performance of children of different ethnic origin. After a brief review of theories relevant to potentially different performance by groups of different cultural and linguistic origin, there is consideration of the relevance of survey methods to this area, and of their limitations, particularly using tests designed for other purposes, e.g. the diagnostic. Having full regard to these limitations, it is suggested that in relation to this age group there appear to be few grounds for thinking that their proficiency in ‘school’ English is importantly affected by variation in initial dialect or version of English. If this is so, there would be even fewer grounds for thinking that such variation is important for school subjects more generally. The discussion includes consideration of the factors involved in performance on ‘comprehension’ tests.
Teachers’ definitions of boys and girls: Some consequences
Authors: Hartley David
Published: August 2017

In a study of two large infant schools of different social class composition it was found that there was a between-school agreement in the ways in which teachers defined the differences they saw between boys and girls as pupils. Boys were defined as rougher, noisier, more immature and more lacking in concentration. These were not the types of behaviour the teachers associated with the hypothetical successful pupil. In the working-class school, pupil sex differences in classroom behaviour were explained by social factors. In the more middle-class school, sex differences were largely thought to be psychological in origin. The teachers’ definitions had consequences for their classroom treatment of boys and girls, the behaviour of boys eliciting the greater disapproval. The between-school rating consensus was unexpected, it being though that less sex differentiation would be made at the more middle-class school. The consensus may have been due to identical definitions having different meanings for the two groups of teachers.
Tell me once, tell me slowly: repetition versus speaking slowly as methods of improving children's learning
Authors: Riding R. J.
Published: August 2017

The effectiveness of two simple methods of improving the learning of information presented in spoken prose form was compared. The methods were repetition of the prose, and slowing the rate of speaking to half the normal rate. Different groups of high and low learning ability eleven-year-old children received either one or two tape-recorded presentations of a 216 word prose passage at either normal (158 wpm) or slow (79 wpm) speech rate. One week after hearing the passage the children were given a sixteen question recall test. While repetition did not improve recall, slowing the speech produced a substantial and significant (P < 0·001) increase. As expected, the high ability subjects performed better than those of low ability, but there were no significant interactions with type of presentation.
Readability, comprehension and judgement
Authors: Mitchell L.
Published: August 2017

The experiments reported here concern the relationship between pupils’ expected abilities to ‘comprehend’ four written texts, as predicted by the Dale-Chall readability formula, Cloze procedure and Britton's model of language functions, and their observed abilities to make reasoned judgments about these texts. The two readability measures and the Britton model gave the same predicted order of difficulty for four stylistically different prose passages on the theme Road Accidents. Despite these differences, there were no significant differences between the four passages in the levels of judgment achieved by sixteen-year-old and twelve-year-old pupils in response to questions based on the texts. It seems, therefore, that the linguistic difficulty of a text, as assessed by standard measures of readability, was not an important factor in determining the quality of judgments displayed by the pupils. This suggests that the readability tests are concerned simply with linguistic features of a text and that these may be of no special relevance to the interaction of reader and text involved in the process of judgment
An evaluation of a method of monitoring grade standards in examinations
Authors: Boreham N. C.
Published: August 2017

A method is described for monitoring teachers’ grade standards in Certificate of Secondary Education examinations. The power of this method to detect various degrees of error in grade standards is estimated using real data. In certain circumstances, the expectation is that more than a third of the candidates taking an examination will be mis-graded due to the low power of the statistical test on which the method depends.
Regional origins of student teachers at the University and College in Bath
Authors: Austwick K. , Carter K. A.
Published: August 2017

Entry into teaching in the future is likely to be via three main routes-the B.Ed. degree, offered in many of the former Colleges of Education; a degree followed by a one-year postgraduate certificate in education; and a concurrent course. All three routes are available in Bath, in either the University or the College of Higher Education, and all are validated by the University.

This paper seeks to trace the regional origins of the students who are recruited to these courses and to make some comparison with a more general study of the University's undergraduate intake in 1968 carried out by G. H. Hones (1973). Some similarities exist between the College intake of today and the University intake of 1968, but there are some interesting differences in recruitment to teacher education between the three routes.
Childminding: implications for education
Authors: Raven Michael , Robb Barbara
Published: August 2017

Previous research has suggested that childminded nursery-age children are severely disadvantaged in their language competency and social behaviour, and that they are therefore educationally handicapped from the earliest stage of their education. These handicaps have been attributed to the effects of being minded. This paper compares the performance of matched groups of minded and non-minded three- and four-year-old children on tests of language competency and social behaviour and finds no significant differences between the two groups.

Significant differences between expressive and receptive language scores are found for both groups and differences in language competency between the social classes are also noted.

The paper concludes that the supposed educational disadvantages of being childminded are not clearly established by the limited evidence available to date.
An exploratory study of adolescent speech, using measures derived from Bernstein's theories
Authors: Toft Brian , Kitwood Tom
Published: August 2017

This study is based on interviews with adolescents under conditions where the kinds of constraints which operate in more formal settings were minimised. Samples of the speech of twenty-four boys and girls aged between fourteen and a half and eighteen, from both urban and non-urban environments, were analysed, using sixteen measures derived from Bernstein's theories. Social class differences appeared on only three measures. This suggests either that forms of analysis primarily based on the structure of language are inappropriate, or that there are smaller social class differences in language use than would be expected on the basis of Bernstein's theories. This adds to the growing body of evidence that Bernstein's ‘research programme’ has moved into a degenerative phase.
The basis of student peer group structure
Authors: Ginsburg Mark B. , Redican Bede
Published: August 2017

This paper reports on research in which sociometric and other questionnaire data as well as interview data were collected from fourteen year-old pupils in two comprehensive secondary schools in the West Midlands. The following central questions are addressed: (a) whether friendship choices are influenced by residential location and/or school organisation factors, (b) whether friendship choices are homogeneous with respect to attitudes toward school, and (c) whether friendship choices are homogeneous with respect to job status aspirations.

The quantitative data are analysed using a recently developed statistical technique, CHOICE, which enables one to multivariately relate (categorical and/or ranked) variables to sociometric-type responses. The quantitative findings are supplemented and clarified by reference to qualitative data collected in the group interviews. Conclusions reached are that peer group structure is most importantly influenced by school organization, while attitudes toward school and job status aspirations (except at the extremes of the continua) are not important bases of friendship choices. Implications for theory, research, and policy/practice are discussed.
Correlation Scatter Plotting as a Quick Substitute for Factor Analysis
Authors: Youngman M. B.
Published: August 2017

The widespread use of analytical methods of factoring has tended to obscure the possibility of using more descriptive approaches to variable structuring. This paper demonstrates how simple correlation plotting can be used to provide a quick representation of variable inter-correlations. In the example offered, a study of transfer from primary to secondary, the correlation scatter plots show considerable similarity with the varimax factor analytic solution. Concluding comments suggest that correlation plotting could provide valuable assistance in teaching the principles of factor analysis, in arriving at quick evaluations of factor analytic studies, and in communicating results derived from factor analyses.

Factor analysis has achieved a considerable degree of support amongst behavioural researchers (see for example, Bennett and Bowers, 1976; Child, 1970; Kerlinger, 1979). Nevertheless there are situations where the computational complexity of the method may inhibit understanding of associated findings. In the early stages of educational training, for example, it is unrealistic to expect students to be able to devote the time and effort required for an adequate study of the method. It is also imprudent to expect students with such limited understanding to pursue projects which demand factoring procedures for successful analysis and interpretation. Moving to the area of practical applications, many consumers of research may become sceptical of findings and suggestions which rely heavily on a procedure whose rationale is obscure. And even with experienced researchers there are occasions when a quick, descriptive evaluation of data is required to assist subsequent, more probing analyses. Most statistical techniques have an associated graphical representation which can-be applied to summarise or describe data. It is suggested here that the method of plotting variable inter-correlations is more valuable than is generally assumed.
The distribution of classroom interactions
Authors: Turner Geoffrey
Published: August 2017

The location of teacher-pupil interactions in the classroom was recorded in a series of formal and informal lessons in the same secondary school. Observations in formally taught classes confirmed earlier research that most interactions take place in a restricted central area, to the detriment of children outside that area, and also showed that the large majority of these interactions were initiated by the teacher. In the informal lessons, interactions were evenly distributed throughout the classroom and the bulk of interactions were initiated by the children.
Cognitive Style, Gender and Conduct Behaviour in Secondary School Pupils
Authors: Riding Richard J. , Burton Diana
Published: August 2017

Cognitive style, gender and conduct behaviour in secondary school pupils

The tutor group/form teachers of a total of 341 pupils from two schools, A (Year 10, age 14-15 years) and B (Year 11, age 15-16 years), were asked to rate the classroom conduct behaviour of their pupils on a five-point scale from very poor to very good. The cognitive styles of the pupils were assessed by means of the Cognitive Styles Analysis, which indicated their positions on each of two style dimensions, Wholist-Analytic and Verbal-Imagery. There was a significant interaction between gender and the Wholist-Analytic style in their effect on behaviour, with the females behaving better than the males, and the male Wholists being the worst behaved. The findings are discussed in terms of the practical implications for schooling.
Finite-time leader-following rendezvous for Euler–Lagrange multi-agent systems with an uncertain leader
Authors: Li Ping , Xu Shengyuan , Chu Yuming , Chen Weimin , Zhang Zhengqiang
Published: August 2017

This paper considers the problem of finite-time leader-following rendezvous with connectivity preservation for a class of Euler–Lagrange multi-agent systems with a dynamic leader subject to uncertain external disturbances. By designing a finite-time disturbance observer and using the technique based on the addition of a power integrator, a composite controller is proposed to guarantee leader-following rendezvous in finite time. Moreover, an appropriate Lyapunov potential function is proposed to ensure connectivity preservation. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Given-time consensus for stochastic Markov jump networks by dynamic output feedback
Authors: Min Yang , Luan Xiaoli , Ding Zhengtao , Liu Fei
Published: August 2017

This paper focuses on the given-time consensus of stochastic Markov jump networks with disturbances based on dynamic output feedback control. By exploring the relative output information, a distributed dynamic output feedback protocol is designed to guarantee that the disagreement dynamics of networks keeps within the prescribed bound in a fixed time interval. With the new model transformation approach, the obtained results are more general and lead to less conservativeness. An example of industrial material heating unit verifies the engineering application of the proposed algorithm for networks in the presence of both Markov jump topologies and external disturbances.
Action in the Space Between
Authors: Mäkinen Elina I.
Published: August 2017

Boundaries have gained analytical prominence in sociology of science. Notably, there have been studies on how academics differentiate themselves from outsiders in order to secure their legitimacy. In university departments, scholars engage in boundary work to defend their intellectual communities and institutional resources. While boundary struggles are characteristic of academia, they rarely result in departmental restructuring. This article examines a case where a theoretical divide between social and cultural anthropologists and biological anthropologists led to a departmental split. The study reveals a shift from peaceful coexistence to a full-blown conflict between two intellectual communities and asks, what circumstances gave rise to the activation of a latent intellectual boundary? Drawing on interview data, I demonstrate how changes in the distribution of faculty and the alignment of intellectual, seniority, and gender differences activated the latent boundary. After its activation, scholars engaged in boundary work and expressed their intellectual differences in faculty meetings and interactions with colleagues, which led to arguments about the department’s identity that hampered the unit’s operation. The study shows how boundary work among scholars can pull apart the fabric of a department, causing intellectual identities to diverge and the organization to split.
Bhakti, the Āḻvār and Ācārya: Situating the History of Śrī Vaiṣṇavism in South India
Authors: Mahalakshmi R.
Published: August 2017

Ranjeeta Dutta, From Hagiographies to Biographies: Rāmānuja in Tradition and History, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2014, xii + 246 pp., ₹895.

Bharati Jagannathan, Approaching the Divine: The Integration of Āḻvār Bhakti in Srīvaiṣṇavism, Primus, Delhi, 2015, xv + 342 pp., ₹1395.
Book Review: Sudeshna Guha, Artefacts of History: Archaeology, Historiography and Indian Pasts
Authors: Varma Supriya
Published: August 2017

Sudeshna Guha, Artefacts of History: Archaeology, Historiography and Indian Pasts, SAGE Publications, New Delhi, 2015, xiii + 273 pp., ₹995, 15 B&W Illustrations.
Cardiac myxoma: clinical characteristics, surgical intervention, intra-operative challenges and outcome
Authors: Abu Abeeleh Mahmoud , Saleh Suhayl , Alhaddad Emad , Alsmady Moaath , Alshehabat Musa , Bani Ismail Zuhair , Massad Islam , Bani Hani Amjad , Abu Halaweh Sami
Published: August 2017

Objective:

The objectives of this retrospective study were to characterize the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, surgical approaches, intra-operative challenges and complications following the surgical treatment of cardiac myxoma in two of the largest referral hospitals in Jordan.

Methods:

Medical records of all patients presented to the cardiology department during the period between 1984 and 2016 were reviewed. Criteria for inclusion in the study were: (1) patients who were presented for cardiac evaluation due to symptoms suggestive of a primary cardiac problem, (2) completed medical records, including results of echocardiography suggestive of intra-cardiac occupying mass, (3) the surgical operation was undertaken and intra-operative data was available, (4) a histological diagnosis of myxoma was available and (5) the discharge status and follow-up data were available for at least 2 years after initial surgery.

Results:

A total of 27 patients fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the study. The average age was 42 years. Thirteen of the patients were females and 14 patients were males. The most common clinical presentations were dyspnea (29.6%) and murmurs (22.2%). Non-specific signs, such as weight loss, fever, fatigue, arthralgia and anemia, were reported in 10 (37%) patients. Signs related to systemic embolization were reported in 9 (33.3%) of the patients, involving the upper and lower extremities (55.6%), brain ischemia and vision loss (54.4%). Tumors in all patients were successfully resected under cardiopulmonary bypass support. The tumor was pedunculated in 17 (62.9%) of the patients and the size of the tumors varied from 1 to 7 centimeters in diameter. The tumor was located in the left atrium in 21 patients (77.7%), in the right atrium in 4 patients (14.8%), in the right ventricular side of the septum in 1 patient (3.7%) and involving the tricuspid valve in 1 patient (3.7%). The left atrial approach was used in 3 patients, a right atrial approach in 4 patients and a bi-atrial approach in 20 patients. The most common concomitant cardiac pathology was coronary artery disease in 3 patients and an atrial septal defect in one patient. The most common intra-operative challenges were inter-atrial communication (2 patients), large defect in the tricuspid valve leaflet (1 patient) and involvement of the inter-ventricular septum (1 patient). In the post-operative period, 1 patient suffered a stroke. In the post-operative period, the most common complications were stroke (1 patient) and recurrence of the tumor (2 patients).

Conclusion:

The success rate after surgical removal of cardiac myxoma in this study was substantial and complications were rare.
Optimal dilution of contrast medium for quantitating parenchymal blood volume using a flat-panel detector
Authors: Kuriyama Takumi , Sakai Nobuyuki , Beppu Mikiya , Sakai Chiaki , Imamura Hirotoshi , Kojima Iwao , Masago Katsuhiro , Katakami Nobuyuki
Published: August 2017

Objective

Similar to perfusion studies after acute ischemic stroke, measuring cerebral blood volume (CBV) via C-arm computed tomography before and after therapeutic interventions may help gauge subsequent revascularization. We tested serial dilutions of intra-arterial injectable contrast medium (CM) to determine the optimal CM concentration for quantifying parenchymal blood volume by flat-panel detector imaging (FD-PBV).

Methods

CM was diluted via saline power injector, instituting time delays for FD-PBV studies. A red/green/blue (RGB) color scale was employed to quantify/compare FD-PBV and magnetic resonance-derived CBV (MRCBV).

Results

Contrast values of right and left common carotid arteries did not differ significantly at CM dilutions of ≥20%. RGB analysis of FD-PBV imaging (relative to MR-CVB), showed CM dilution altered the colors (by 16%), increasing red and decreasing blue ratios.

Conclusion

Diluting CM to 20% resulted in no laterality differential of FD-PBV imaging, with left/right quantitative ratios approaching 1.1 (optimal for clinical use).
Reliability and validity study of Turkish version of Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile
Authors: Üçgül Merve Şuay , Karahan Sevilay , Öksüz Çiğdem
Published: August 2017

Introduction

The evaluation and treatment of sensory processing disorders are significant fields of interest for occupational therapy. The Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) questionnaire is used for sensory evaluation of adults to measure sensory experiences, including auditory, visual, taste/smell, touch, movement, and activity level. The aim of the study was to study the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the AASP.

Method

The AASP Turkish version was administered to 450 healthy individuals aged 11 years and over and 40 schizophrenia patients aged 18–64 years.

Results

There were no critical problems encountered during translation. The clarity of the questionnaire was increased by making minor changes in conjunctions and adjectives in the Turkish adaptation. The AASP showed high internal consistency and test–retest reliability (r = 0.66–0.82 and r = 0.67–0.82, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference between the healthy individuals and schizophrenia patients for low registration, sensory seeking, and sensory sensitivity ( p < 0.05). According to the factor analysis, four factors with 20 items under low registration, 16 items under sensory avoiding, 12 items under sensory seeking, and 12 items under the sensory sensitivity quadrant were defined.

Conclusions

The Turkish version of the AASP questionnaire is a reliable and a valid questionnaire for the Turkish population.
Differentiating pathways of neighborhood change in 50 U.S. metropolitan areas
Authors: Delmelle Elizabeth C
Published: August 2017

Rapid transformations sweeping the United States over the past 50 years have necessitated a reassessment of longstanding theories on how the neighborhood change process has unfolded. This article builds upon recent methodological advancements aimed at understanding longitudinal dynamics by developing a workflow that blends the self-organizing map and a sequential alignment method to visualize pathways of change in a multivariate context. It identifies the predominant pathways in which neighborhoods have changed according to their racial, ethnic, socioeconomic and housing characteristics in the largest US metropolitan statistical areas from 1980 to 2010. The distribution of these pathways is subsequently examined between metropolitan statistical areas and the spatial clustering of these trajectories within cities is analyzed. Results reveal a white-flight type process, the establishment of a multiethnic neighborhood, densification of single-family neighborhoods, gentrification in relatively diverse neighborhoods, upgrading of white single family neighborhoods, and the most frequent pathway of all: no change. High-poverty minority and wealthy white neighborhoods are most spatially compact and expanding in a contiguous manner, while multiethnic neighborhoods are relatively dispersed. Six groups of metropolitan statistical areas are identified based upon the similarity of their neighborhood composition. Parallels are drawn between the formation of enduring high-poverty black neighborhoods in Northern and Midwestern cities and the emergence of clusters high-poverty Hispanic neighborhoods in Hispanic destination cities.
Wind potential assessment for an efficient wind farm sizing
Authors: Brahmi Nabiha , Charfi Sana , Chaabene Maher
Published: August 2017

The effectiveness of autonomous wind plants depends basically on the characterization, sizing, and environmental design and analysis of its renewable energy conversion system. This article presents an assessment on wind potential characterization to be used to compute the size of a wind farm turbine. Different methods are adopted to estimate parameters of the Weibull distribution. The modified maximum likelihood method is selected as the most accurate with reference to comparison between many approaches output results and measurements provided by the National Institute of Meteorology. Also, an artificial neural network–based algorithm is developed to optimize the MMLM parameters. The monthly wind potential distribution is consequently computed for Sfax, Tunisia. Obtained results are used to optimize the size calculation of wind turbine blades and battery capacity for a standalone wind farm. The proposed approach profitability is evaluated upon the lost produced energy.
Board independence and the variability of firm performance: Evidence from an exogenous regulatory shock
Authors: Bird Ron , Huang Peng , Lu Yue
Published: August 2017

We use the 2003 NYSE and NASDAQ listing rules for board independence as an exogenous shock to estimate the causal relation between board independence and the variability of firm performance. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find that non-compliant firms without a majority of independent directors observe a larger decrease in the variability of firm performance than compliant firms. In particular, board independence is negatively associated with the variability of (1) monthly stock returns, (2) ROA, (3) Tobin’s Q, (4) analyst forecast inaccuracy, (5) accounting accruals, (6) extraordinary items, (7) capital expenditures, (8) cash holdings and (9) the frequency of acquisition activities. We conclude that increased board independence weakens the CEO’s power over the board and restrains corporate risk-taking; thus, decisions made by firms with more independent boards are less extreme, resulting in less variability of firm performance.
Effect of a National Tobacco Public Education Campaign on Youth’s Risk Perceptions and Beliefs About Smoking
Authors: Duke Jennifer C. , Farrelly Matthew C. , Alexander Tesfa N. , MacMonegle Anna J. , Zhao Xiaoquan , Allen Jane A. , Delahanty Janine C. , Rao Pamela , Nonnemaker James
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

To assess the relationship between youth’s exposure to the Food and Drug Administration’s national tobacco public education campaign, The Real Cost, and changes in campaign-targeted beliefs.

Design:

Longitudinal design with baseline survey and 2 postcampaign follow-up surveys.

Sample:

Youth from 75 US media markets (N = 1680) who completed all 3 surveys and had experimented with or were susceptible to future cigarette smoking.

Measures:

Exposure was measured by self-reported frequency of ad exposure and media market–level target rating points. Agreement with 30 self-reported tobacco-related beliefs was assessed in 3 categories: (1) beliefs specifically targeted by campaign messages (campaign-targeted belief), (2) beliefs not targeted by the campaign (nontargeted beliefs), and (3) beliefs corresponding to other media campaigns on air concurrent with The Real Cost (ambiguous beliefs).

Analysis:

Descriptive analyses of aggregate changes in beliefs and logistic regressions to examine the association between campaign exposure and beliefs.

Intervention:

The Real Cost.

Results:

Agreement with campaign-targeted beliefs increased from baseline to first and second follow-ups, with a mean relative increase of 10.4% and 11.5%, respectively. Nontargeted beliefs did not change substantially. Both measures of campaign exposure were positively associated with increased odds of agreeing with 5 of 8 campaign-targeted beliefs. Exposure was not significantly associated with 12 of 14 nontargeted tobacco-related beliefs.

Discussion:

A sustained national tobacco public education campaign can change population-level perceptions of tobacco-related harms among youth.
Improvement in the mechanical and friction performance of poly(ether ether ketone) composites by addition of modificatory short carbon fibers and zinc oxide
Authors: Hu Ying , Hou Xiaochen , Hu Xiyu , Jiang Dong
Published: August 2017

The composites of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and short carbon fibers (SCFs) were produced with twin-screw extruder. ZnO nanoparticles were modified by γ-aminopropyl triethoxyl silane (APTES), and SCFs were wrapped with poly(ether sulfone) (PES). Morphological examination showed that the modified ZnO (m-ZnO) nanoparticles and wrapped SCFs (w-SCFs) were well dispersed in PEEK. The tribological behavior of PEEK composites under dry friction conditions was studied using a universal micro-tribotester. Exhaustive experimental results showed that the tribological behaviors, or the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites after the addition of m-ZnO nanoparticles and w-SCFs, were improved. The tribological properties of PEEK/ZnO/SCFs composites with 5.0 wt% functionalized ZnO and 10.0 wt% w-SCFs are the minimum.
Caillera, blanc et pédé : une figure trash dans trois films de Lionel Soukaz
Authors: Sica Vivien
Published: August 2017

Le terme anglo-saxon de trash permet de qualifier non seulement des pratiques mais aussi des communautés. Les poor white trash américains sont ainsi les « rebuts de la société » étasunienne, alors même qu’ils appartiennent au groupe ethno-racial dominant. Ils font l’expérience d’une minorité si infamante qu’elle les places en deçà des groupes minoritaires. Existe-t-il des populations blanches vivant une relégation sociale et culturelle similaire en France et si oui, comment sont-elles représentées ? Si le parallèle avec les poor white trash peut s’entendre pour les populations blanches rurales de certaines régions françaises, il n’en va pas de même pour les jeunes blancs urbains qui vivent également le déclassement social. Ceux-là sont assimilés aux racailles, terme qui qualifie, dans l’imaginaire collectif, des populations racisées. Pour faire l’expérience d’une minorité aussi infamante que celle des poor white trash, il faut cumuler les stigmates. Trois films de Lionel Soukaz mettent en scène son amant, une jeune « caillera » blanche et homosexuelle, obligée de jongler entre ses différentes identités et de redessiner une définition du trash non plus ethno-raciale, mais métisse.
Refiguring Baudelaire’s ‘poète-chiffonnier’ in contemporary French poetry
Authors: Sainsbury Daisy
Published: August 2017

In Les Fleurs du mal (1857), Baudelaire developed the image of the poet as a ‘chiffonnier’: a ragpicker who collects the rubbish scraps of modern existence and then re-appropriates them in the poem. This article examines how Baudelaire’s ‘chiffonnier’ is reconfigured in contemporary poetry. Rather than offering an inventory of poetic imagery, as it did for Baudelaire, for many contemporary poets, trash provides productive conceptual models for poetic form. Trash language (slang, anglicisms, marketing slogans and so on) generates rich material for the heterogeneous linguistic texture of the poem, subsequently revising the monologic mode of discourse of traditional lyric poetry. Although the forms and functions of trash have changed, the underlying purpose of a ‘ragpicking poetics’ remains the same; like Baudelaire embarking on his quest for the ‘nouveau’, contemporary poets are in continuous pursuit of innovation, and it is the ragpicker’s rubbish that provides a sustained source of renewal.
Trash in fashion: Stylising rags and refuse in nineteenth- and twentieth-century French culture
Authors: Humphreys Karen L.
Published: August 2017

This article discusses the complex and problematic processes involved in the aesthetic representation of the urban street dweller from nineteenth-century Paris to today’s post-modern images on the internet. By analysing the figure of the chiffonnier, the turn-of-the-century fille de joie, and contemporary images that link high fashion with pauperism, we see the social mechanisms discerned by Bourdieu that maintain the disequilibrium in power relationships across classes and thereby reinforce the social status quo. In the nineteenth century this is apparent in prose (novels, critiques, feuilletons and the press) as well as theatre, and in the emphasis on visual spectacle and media at the fin de siècle and in the proliferation of high-contrast images in contemporary advertising, news and social media. Despite the span of almost two centuries, similar practices in the deployment of symbolic power reify social hierarchies.
Gendered Mobility: Travel as a Rite of Passage
Authors: Ganesh Lena
Published: August 2017

This article looks at aspects of gendered spatial access and appropriation to understand how spatial dynamics and mobility can be comprehended from a study of and observations on the life experiences of women videographers of VideoSEWA in Ahmedabad, India. The roaming subject, socially defined by class, caste, age and other factors is equally a socially located person who is a traveller. Using the concepts of separation, liminality and re-assimilation (Turner, 1967) through the prism of heterotopic space (Foucault, 1967), this article interrogates the widening of women’s local spaces to translocal ones, their increased radii of mobility, the transference of spatial experiences to the local spheres and the contribution of all of these to the making of physical spatial claims by women. It highlights the importance of an intersectional analysis for understanding relationships between gender, space, mobility and resistance.
Drama of the Early 20th Century, the Kerala Reform Movement and Namboodiri Women
Authors: Divya N.
Published: August 2017

With the stage always associated with social reform and collective commitment, drama played an active role in the early-20th-century Kerala reform movement. These plays of the 1920s and the 1930s emphasised the need for reforming the situation of women. Produced as a part of social renovation, they had a strong ideology that stood in favour of gender equity and initiated a cross-fertilisation of theatre literature and social restructuring. This paper locates the impact of drama in 20th-century Kerala on the portrayal of Namboodiri women and purports to analyse the deconstructing waves that lashed through the medium of theatre against the conventional norms of feminine subjugation. In this regard, the study explores the role of selected plays by V. T. Bhattathiripad, M. R. Bhattathiripad, Premji and Lalithambika Anterjanam as critical tools in the social reformation.
The (De)Gendered Role of ‘Moon’ in Vishwajyoti Ghosh’s Delhi Calm
Authors: Wason Sakshi
Published: August 2017

In this article, I will discuss the portrayal of Indira Gandhi in Vishwajyoti Ghosh’s graphic novel entitled Delhi Calm. Ghosh nicknames her Mother Moon. I will look at issues such as the conflation of the figure of the Mother Goddess and Indira Gandhi; the obliteration of the aspects of her feminine sexuality; the idea of the body politic and the body natural (for instance, the way in which her relationships with her son and her father are portrayed) and also, her political role.
Book Review: Tim Allender, Learning Femininity in Colonial India, 1820–1932
Authors: Raman Vasanthi
Published: August 2017

Tim Allender, Learning Femininity in Colonial India, 1820–1932. United Kingdom: Manchester University Press, 2016, 333 pages, £75. ISBN: 978-0-7190-8579-6.
Magnetic flux leakage–based local damage detection and quantification for steel wire rope non-destructive evaluation
Authors: Kim Ju-Won , Park Seunghee
Published: August 2017

A magnetic flux leakage method was applied to detect damage when inspecting steel wire rope. A multi-channel magnetic flux leakage sensor head was fabricated using Hall sensors and permanent magnets to adapt to the wire rope. Three types of artificial damage were created on a wire rope specimen. The magnetic flux leakage sensor head scanned the damaged specimen to measure the magnetic flux density while the damage was expanding in three steps. Signal processing processes including the enveloping process based on Hilbert transform were performed to clarify the flux leakage signal due to the damage. The enveloped signals were then analyzed for objective damage detection by comparing with the threshold value. For improvement of quantitative analysis, three types of new damage indexes that utilize the relationship between the enveloped magnetic flux leakage signal and the threshold value were additionally proposed. By using the proposed damage indexes and the general damage indexes for the magnetic flux leakage method, the detected magnetic flux leakage signals from each damage type were quantified. The trends of the extracted damage indexes according to damage levels were analyzed to examine the applicability and reliability of the proposed damage indexes for the magnetic flux leakage based wire rope inspection.
Adherence and Persistence to Long-Acting Anticholinergics Treatment Episodes in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Savaria François , Beauchesne Marie-France , Forget Amélie , Blais Lucie
Published: August 2017

Background:No studies have examined adherence or persistence to long-acting anticholinergics (LAAC) treatment episodes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective: To estimate 1-year adherence and 5-year persistence to LAAC during treatment episodes, and the likelihood of initiating a subsequent treatment episode. Methods: A retrospective cohort of LAAC-treated COPD patients was reconstructed from Quebec databases. A treatment episode was initiated at cohort entry, defined as the first LAAC prescription date on/after the first COPD diagnosis date recorded between October 1, 2003, and March 31, 2014. We identified a subsequent treatment episode up to 5 years after the end of the episode initiated at cohort entry. We measured adherence as the proportion of days covered over 1 year. Persistence was defined as prescription renewal within 90 days of the previous prescription and was plotted using Kaplan-Meier curves over 5 years. The 5-year hazard and cumulative incidence of initiating a subsequent episode were estimated with survival analyses. We compared adherence and persistence between the treatment episodes using t and log-rank tests. Results: The cohort included 113 435 COPD patients. Adherence and persistence to LAAC were significantly lower in the subsequent treatment episode (55% vs 63%; P < 0.0001). The likelihood of initiating a subsequent episode was greatest immediately after the cessation of the initial episode, with 59% of patients starting a subsequent episode within 1 year. Conclusion: Adherence and persistence to LAAC were lower in the subsequent treatment episode. Interventions should be offered quickly after LAAC cessation.
Multidimensional Networking Behavior in Germany and China
Authors: Volmer Judith , Orth Maximilian , Wolff Hans-Georg
Published: August 2017

Prior research has so far established the multidimensional nature of networking behavior in Western but not Asian working populations. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to assess the cross-cultural measurement equivalence and predictive validity of an established multidimensional networking scale across a German and a Chinese sample of individuals employed by the same multinational company (total N = 248). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated configural and metric, but not scalar measurement invariance, indicating that cross-cultural comparisons of associations between the six theoretically anticipated networking dimensions and other constructs but not of mean scores of networking are meaningful. Path analytic findings showed that some but not all networking dimensions significantly predicted objective career success (i.e., salary and promotions, assessed 2 months later). Relative weight analyses indicated that all intraorganizational (i.e., building, maintaining, and using contacts), but no extraorganizational networking behaviors explained nontrivial variance in Chinese employees’ salary and promotions. In the German group, a largely opposite pattern was found. Interestingly, the relative importance of building and of using internal contacts was significantly greater in China than in Germany. We conclude that the functional but not necessarily the structural facet of a multidimensional conceptualization of networking behavior exhibits meaningful cross-cultural equivalence.
A 3-axis torsion quasi-zero-stiffness-based sensor system for angular vibration measurement
Authors: Tuo Jiying , Deng Zhaoxiang , Zhang Heshan , Qiu Jinshan
Published: August 2017

In this paper, a novel 3-axis torsion quasi-zero-stiffness (TQZS)-based sensor system is proposed for absolute rotation measurement in vibration systems. Analysis on the applied torque and structural parameters shows that the proposed mechanism with two concentric spheres connected by six symmetry distributed springs could approximately achieve TQZS features in three rotational degrees of freedom simultaneously, thus a remarkable torsional vibration measurement performance can be guaranteed. Although due to high stiffness, the mechanism also has high anti-interference ability about force or vibration in translational directions. Mathematical modeling and numerical simulations are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed 3-axis sensor system in different base vibrations. In consideration of its feasibility and high performance, it can be foreseen that the proposed TQZS-based sensor will get more and more implementations in various engineering practices with torsional vibration measurements.
The Impact of Emotional Lability Symptoms During Childhood in Adults With ADHD
Authors: Gisbert Laura , Richarte Vanesa , Corrales Montserrat , Ibáñez Pol , Bosch Rosa , Casas Miquel , Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni
Published: August 2017

Objective: To determine whether emotional lability (EL) in adult ADHD patients can already be identified during their childhood and the extent to which this childhood symptomatology can predict EL in adulthood. Method: Seven hundred eighteen adults with ADHD were examined. EL in adulthood was assessed using the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS). According to Conners’ definition of EL, seven items from the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) were used to determine this symptomatology in childhood. Results: EL was identified in 31.1% of the participants, and 29.6% of this subgroup reported EL symptoms in childhood. Childhood EL was the strongest predictor of these symptoms in adulthood (odds ratio [OR] = 6.18). ADHD subtype, female sex, family history of ADHD, psychiatric comorbidities, and physical abuse were also related to EL development/persistence. Conclusion: Screening for EL symptoms in children with ADHD is important, as they are the strongest predictor of this symptomatology in adulthood.
Influential in its absence: The relationship between refusing to embrace sub-national ethnic identities and openness to inter-national coexistence among Jews and Arab/Palestinians in Israel
Authors: Feinstein Yuval
Published: August 2017

Most survey research treats the refusal to embrace any ethnic/racial label as “missing information” or includes such responses in a general “other ethnicity/race” category. This article discusses the conceptual and theoretical problems involved in dismissing the refusal to embrace an ethnic/racial identity, and raises the possibility that in some contexts such a refusal actually represents a discursive challenge to the established system of classification and domination. The article then proposes a detailed approach to conceptualizing, measuring, and interpreting this type of claim, and illustrates this approach through an investigation of the link between ethnic/racial identity and attitudes among a sample Jewish Israelis. The results show that compared to Jewish Israelis who claim an ethnic label, Jewish Israelis who refuse to claim an ethnic label have more positive and inclusive views of Arab/Palestinians in Israel. More broadly, these findings highlight the need to treat refusals to choose an ethnic/racial label as a meaningful form of self-identification and to evaluate the social and political implications of the refusal to claim an ethnic label.
Using an Expert Panel to Develop Social Support Program Sequencing for Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Brady Patrick J. , Song Hee-Jung , Butler James
Published: August 2017

Background. Young adults living with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) often encounter poor health outcomes, such as uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Social support programs can be a helpful method to support T1DM self-management. Effectively planning and tailoring social support programs for young adults living with T1DM are crucial for improving these programs and associated outcomes. Objectives. This study convened an expert panel primarily composed of young adults living with T1DM to generate ideas and key components for sequential inclusion in social support programs prioritizing them. Method. Exploratory expert panel meetings consisting of four individuals living with T1DM were held where Nominal Group Technique and Ideawriting exercises were used to develop themes and discussion points. Results. Six themes emerged from the meetings representing areas of difficulty for young adults living with T1DM. Topics such as following self-care recommendations, nutrition, handling stress, coping with social situations, and navigating the health care system were identified as important issues facing young adults. Conclusions. By incorporating this approach into new or existing support group improved program discussions for young adults can be achieved and pertinent issues addressed, thus leading to improved health care outcomes.