bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Musik Dalam Pembelajaran
Authors: Halimah Lely
Published: August 2016

Abstrak

Musik adalah bunyi yang diterima oleh individu dan berbeda-beda berdasarkan sejarah, lokasi, budaya dan selera individu. Definisi sejati tentang musik juga bermacam-macam di antaranya bahwa (1) musik adalah bunyi/kesan terhadap sesuatu yang ditangkap oleh indera pendengar, (2) musik adalah suatu karya seni dengan segenap unsur pokok dan pendukungnya, dan (3) musik adalah segala bunyi yang dihasilkan secara sengaja oleh seseorang atau oleh kelompok individu yang disajikan sebagai musik. Dari beberapa definisi tersebut, maka musik merupakan segala bunyi yang dihasilkan manusia secara sengaja yang disajikan sebagai music. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan musik pada siswa dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, di antaranya melalui (1) memperkenalkan musik di dalam kelas, (2) mendengarkan musik, (3) membuat instrumental musik di kelas. Untuk setiap tujuan, kelas diperkaya dengan musik dengan menggunakan beragam teknik secara bervariasi. Penggunaan musik di kelas akan membantu meningkatkan kegembiraan siswa dalam belajar dan sekaligus juga dapat meningkatkan efektivitas ketercapaian tujuan. Yang tidak kalah pentingnya belajar melalui musik dan atau belajar dengan musik, serta belajar tentang musik dapat memberikan banyak manfaat bagi perkebangan baik fisik maupun mental siswa. Melalui musik banyak yang dapat dipelajari oleh siswa di antaranya dikemukakan berikut ini.

Kata Kunci: Musik, Pembelajaran
Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Lingkungan Sebagai Sumber Belajar IPS Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Dan Pengembangan Sikap Kepedulian Sosial Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: S Uus Yusmantara
Published: August 2016

ABSTRAK

Pembelajaran merupakan bagian integral dalam proses pendidikan, karena itu peran guru menempati posisi sentral dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran secara optimal, sehingga motivasi, aktivitas, dan kreativitas siswa dapat berkembang dalam suasana belajar yang kondusif. Salah satu bentuk implementasi pengelolaan pembelajaran yang diduga mampu mengakomodir kondisi belajar tersebut, antara lain melalui pemanfaatan lingkungan sebagai sumber belajar IPS. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui “besarnya pengaruh pemanfaatan lingkungan sebagai sumber belajar IPS bagi pemahaman konsep dan pengembangan sikap kepedulian sosial siswa terhadap lingkungannya”. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan desain kelompok acak pretest-posttest dengan kelompok kontrol (Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design), dengan melibatkan sampel 100 orang siswa kelas tiga SD Sukahaji, Cimekar Kecamatan Cileunyi, yang terbagi atas dua kelompok/kelas, yaitu 50 orang siswa sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan 50 orang siswa lainnya sebagai kelompok kontrol yang ditetapkan secara acak. Alat pengumpul data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan alat tes obyektif pilihan ganda dengan empat option pilihan jawaban, dengan tujuan untuk mengukur tingkat pemahaman konsep, Angket skala Likert digunakan untuk mengetahui sikap kepedulian sosial siswa terhadap lingkungannya, Panduan observasi serta wawancara, yaitu untuk mengetahui implementasi perilaku konkret atas sikap yang terungkap pada pernyataan jawaban angket. Data yang berhasil dikumpulkan, kemudian diolah dan dianalisis melalui program Anates, SPSS 13 dan excel 2003. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pemanfaatan lingkungan sebagai sumber belajar IPS, ternyata berpengaruh positif terhadap pemahaman konsep dan pengembangan sikap kepedulian sosial siswa kelas tiga Sekolah Dasar, sehingga diketahui perbedaan tingkat pemahaman konsep dan pengembangan sikap kepedulian sosial antara kelompok eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol. Dengan demikian, penerapan model pendekatan pemanfaatan lingkungan sebagai sumber belajar dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif pilihan guru dalam membelajarkan materi IPS di Sekolah Dasar khususnya dan proses pembelajaran pada umumnya.

Kata Kunci : Lingkungan sebagai Sumber Belajar, Pemahaman Konsep, Sikap Kepedulian Sosial
Boneka Jari Sebagai Pembelajaran Kelas Rendah Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Winda -
Published: August 2016

Media dalam pembelajaran memiliki peranan yang sangat penting terutama bagi peserta didik dalam hal ini adalah siswa kelas 3 SD, yang mana minat dan motivasi belajar peserta didik dapat ditumbuhkan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran yang menarik. Selain menumbuhkan minat dan motivasi pada peserta didik, media pembelajaran juga dapat membantu meningkatkan pemahaman, menyajikan data dengan menarik dan terpercaya, merangsang perhatian dan mengaktifkan siswa serta dapat memperjelas penyampaian materi. Adapun manfaat dari penggunaan suatu media pembelajaran akan dapat dirasakan secara optimal apabila guru mampu memilih dan menggunakan media tersebut sesuai dengan tujuan dan fungsinya. Media boneka jari dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif media yang efektif untuk digunakan dalam mengembangkan metode dan meteri pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan tujuan dan fungsi yang ingin dicapai. Dalam hal ini boneka adalah tiruan dari bentuk manusia dan bahkan sekarang termasuk tiruan dari bentuk binatang. Macam -macam boneka untuk media pembelajaran yakni (1). Boneka jari, (2). Boneka tangan, (3). Boneka tongkat, (4). boneka tali, (5). Boneka bayang-bayang. Adapun manfaat boneka jari sebagai media pembelajaran adalah menimbulkan daya tarik siswa, membangkitkan minat bagi siswa untuk belajar, dapat mengembangkan imajinasi siswa, menambah keaktifan siswa dan menambah suasana gembira pada siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran.

Kata Kunci: manfaat boneka jari, media pembelajaran, kelas rendah
PEMANFAATAN CERITA RAKYAT SEBAGAI PENANAMAN ETIKA UNTUK MEMBENTUK PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BANGSA
Authors: Kristanto M.
Published: August 2016

Folklore that are emerging in various regions in Indonesia have ethical moral values that are beneficial to the formation of a golden generation of Indonesia. Folklore when inherited or inculcated into children early on will equip students motor and psychomotor development, especially in students' character membangan early winning personality. Planting of ethics is intended to form a person's character that leads to positive things. Planting good ethics can certainly build character, attitudes, and behaviors that reinforce soft skills to instill good habits. Utilization of folklore that there are very effective to teach ethics and good morals. Through the characters in the story can be conveyed attitudes, behaviors, and said words that reflect the character and moral ethics. In the story reflected the presence of noble values, among others, honesty, cooperation, hard work, responsibility, religion. These values can be used as a means of character education. Keywords: folklore, values, ethics, character education.

Cerita rakyat yang banyak berkembang di berbagai daerah di Indonesia memiliki nilai-nilai ajaran etika yang sangat bermanfaat bagi proses terbentuknya generasi emas bangsa Indonesia. Cerita rakyat apabila diwariskan atau ditanamkan pada anak-anak didik sejak dini akan membekali perkembangan motorik dan psikomotorik, terlebih dalam membangan karakter anak didik sejak dini yang berkepribadian unggul. Penanaman etika tersebut dimaksudkan untuk membentuk karakter seseorang yang mengarah pada hal-hal positif. Penanaman etika yang baik tentunya dapat membangun watak, sikap, dan perilaku yang
memperkuat softskill untuk menanamkan kebiasaan-kebiasaan baik. Pemanfaatan cerita rakyat yang ada sangat efektif untuk mengajarkan etika maupun moral yang baik. Melalui para tokoh yang ada dalam cerita dapat disampaikan sikap, perilaku, maupun tutur kata tokoh yang mencerminkan etika maupun moral. Dalam cerita tersebut tercermin adanya nilai-nilai luhur, antara lain kejujuran, kerja sama, kerja keras, tanggung jawab, religi. Nilai-nilai tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai sarana pendidikan karakter.
Modelagem de Equações Estruturais com Mínimos Quadrados Parciais: um Exemplo daAplicação do SmartPLS® em Pesquisas em Contabilidade
Authors: Nascimento João Carlos Hipólito Bernardes do , Macedo Marcelo Alvaro da Silva
Published: August 2016

Frente ao crescente interesse da academia em Contabilidade em investigar fenômenos latentes, os pesquisadores têm se utilizado de técnicas multivariadas robustas. Entretanto, a despeito da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais já ser bastante utilizada na literatura internacional, a academia em Contabilidade pouco tem utilizado a variante baseada nos Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS-SEM), em grande parte, pelo desconhecimento de a aplicabilidade e dos benefícios decorrentes da sua utilização para a pesquisa em Contabilidade. Muito embora a abordagem PLS-SEM seja corriqueiramente utilizada na condução de surveys, esse método é adequado para modelar complexas relações com múltiplos relacionamentos de dependência e independência entre variáveis latentes, sendo, nesse aspecto, bastante útil para a aplicação em experimentos e dados de arquivos. Nesse sentido, é apresentada uma revisão da literatura dos estudos em Contabilidade que utilizaram a técnica PLS-SEM e, a seguir, considerando que não foram notados materiais focados especificamente em exemplificar a aplicação da técnica no âmbito de Contabilidade, uma aplicação PLS-SEM é realizada, com o objetivo de fomentar a condução de pesquisas exploratórias por meio do software SmartPLS®, sendo, nesse ponto, especialmente útil para discentes de pós-graduação. A principal contribuição do presente artigo é, portanto, é metodológica, dado o objetivo de identificar claramente as diretrizes para o uso adequado de PLS. Ao exemplificar a condução de uma pesquisa exploratória utilizando PLS-SEM, espera-se contribuir para o incremento da compreensão dos pesquisadores acerca de como utilizar e reportar a técnica em suas pesquisas.
Situación Familiar, Protección Social y Bienestar de las Personas Mayores en Perspectiva Europea Comparada
Authors: Moreno Almudena , Vicente-Virseda Juan Antonio
Published: July 2016

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el bienestar y la calidad de vida de las personas mayores de más de 65 que viven en hogares multigeneracionales en comparación con las que viven en su propio hogar en pareja o solos, así como las diferencias existentes entre países respecto al bienestar subjetivo de estas personas, teniendo como telón de fondo el marco del Estado de bienestar, las políticas sociales de dependencia y los modelos familiares en perspectiva comparada. La metodología empleada se basa en análisis descriptivos y análisis de asociación utilizando para ello la denominada técnica “árboles de decisión” a partir de los datos procedentes de la encuesta European Quality of Life, 2011-2012. Los hallazgos apuntan a que vivir en hogares multigeneracionales está inversamente relacionado con la percepción del bienestar y la calidad de vida en el colectivo de personas mayores de 65 años en los países del sur de Europa. De hecho, los resultados sugieren que las políticas sociales de los Estados de bienestar en el norte de Europa contribuyen al bienestar de estas personas en mayor medida que la solidaridad familiar y la corresidencia con los familiares, características propias de los países mediterráneos.
El Retraso en la Edad de Jubilación y las Políticas para la Prolongación de la Actividad Laboral más Allá de la Edad Legal de Jubilación
Authors: García-Viña Jordi
Published: July 2016

Reseña de la Tesis Doctoral
Specifications of the clinical stabilometry platform ‘ADAP_NORMES13’
Authors: Gagey Pierre-Marie
Published: August 2016

Latin posturologists unanimously recognize and accept that the normalization of stabilometry can only be based on decisions often arbitrary . These specifications of the standard stabilometry platform, ADAP-Normes2013, represent the first series of those decisions, admittedly arbitrary but made after a discussion with the French and Russian platform manufacturers, in Paris on 13 December 2007.
Financial impact of road traffic accidents on the society
Authors: Gorea R K
Published: July 2016

Road traffic accidents (RTA) are a global problem resulting in deaths, physical injuries, psychological problems and financial losses. These financial damages have immediate consequences and long term consequences on the victims and their families. Different countries have different impact of road traffic accidents and therefore spend dissimilar amounts in their budgets to prevent the road traffic accidents. If the financial losses due to road traffic accidents are calculated and highlighted by the researchers, the respective governments will be willing to spend higher amount in their budgets to prevent such accidents; as governments will be able to directly see the benefits to their countries, of spending higher budget amounts. Various countries are acting differently to reduce this menace of road traffic accidents and World Health Organization (WHO) is celebrating “Decade for road safety” to reduce the accidents and thus the financial loses to the society.
Lesch–Nyhan Syndrome: In a Yemani female child
Authors: Swaminarayan Yogesh , Gorea Rakesh Kumar , Gorea Abhinav , Khan Mohammed Sarosh , Mustafa Gulam
Published: July 2016

Lesch–Nyhan syndrome usually affects young children in which there is a compulsive tendency of selfmutilation. There are learning difficulties along with and involuntary movements. In this case there was mental retardation along with osteomyelitis of the left big toe. It is a hereditary disorder and affecting mostly male children but this is a rare case affecting a female child.
Pentoxifylline and its active metabolite lisofylline attenuate transforming growth factor β1-induced asthmatic bronchial fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition
Authors: Wójcik-Pszczoła Katarzyna , Hińcza Kinga , Wnuk Dawid , Kądziołka Dominika , Koczurkiewicz Paulina , Sanak Marek , Madeja Zbigniew , Pękala Elżbieta , Michalik Marta
Published: July 2016

Bronchial asthma is characterized by persistent airway inflammation and airway wall remodeling. Among many different cells and growth factors triggering changes in bronchi structure, transforming growth factor β1-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast transition is believed to be very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether theophylline (used in asthma therapy) and two other methylxanthines (pentoxifylline and its active metabolite lisofylline), may affect transforming growth factor β1-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast transition in bronchial fibroblasts derived from asthmatic patients. We show here for the first time that selected methylxanthines effectively reduce transforming growth factor β1-induced myofibroblast formation in asthmatic bronchial fibroblast populations. PTX was found to be the most effective methylxanthine. The number of differentiated myofibroblasts after PTX, LSF and THEO administration was reduced at least twofold. Studies on the use of methylxanthines opens a new perspective in the development of novel strategies in asthma therapy through their two-pronged, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic action. In the future they can be considered as promising anti-fibrotic drugs.
Hypothetical orchestrated cooperation between dopaminergic and kinin receptors for the regulation of common functions
Authors: Guevara-Lora Ibeth , Niewiarowska-Sendo Anna , Polit Agnieszka , Kozik Andrzej
Published: August 2016

The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the largest protein families, are essential components of the most commonly used signal-transduction systems in cells. These receptors, often using common pathways, may cooperate in the regulation of signal transmission to the cell nucleus. Recent scientific interests increasingly focus on the cooperation between these receptors, particularly in a context of their oligomerization, e.g. the formation of dimers that are able to change characteristic signaling of each receptor. Numerous studies on kinin and dopamine receptors which belong to this family of receptors have shown new facts demonstrating their direct interactions with other GPCRs. In this review, current knowledge on signaling pathways and oligomerization of these receptors has been summarized. Owing to the fact that kinin and dopamine receptors are widely expressed in cell membranes where they act as mediators of numerous common physiological processes, the information presented here sheds new light on a putative crosstalk of these receptors and provides more comprehensive understanding of possible direct interactions that may change their functions. The determination of such interactions may be useful for the development of new targeted therapeutic strategies against many disorders in which kinin and dopamine receptors are involved.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Levels in Ischemic Stroke Subject
Authors: Hidayat Andri , Arief Mansyur , Wijaya Andi , As'ad Suryani
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) present during early neuronal development and play important roles in the process of neurorepairing includes angiogenesis, neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity after ischemic stroke. In this study, we observed VEGF and BDNF levels of subjects with ischemic stroke in different onset time.METHODS: A cross sectional study was designed. Study subjects were 51 ischemic stroke subjects, aged 30-80 years old, recruited from Gatot Subroto Army Central Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Ischemic stroke was diagnosed by neurologist, based on clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) result. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on onset time of stroke: <7 days (group A), 7-30 days (group B) and >30 days (Group C). VEGF and BDNF levels from serum were measured using lumine Magpix. The data was analyzed for comparison and correlation.RESULTS: VEGF and BDNF levels of group B and C were significantly different with p=0.034 and p=0.007, respectively. Group B had the highest VEGF levels, whereas Group C had the highest BDNF level. VEGF and BDNF levels in each group were not significantly correlated.CONCLUSION: Each stage of time after ischemic stroke has different recovery activities like angiogenesis, neurogenesis and plasticity. Angiogenesis process was optimum in 7-30 days after onset. in more than 30 days onset, Low VEGF with high BDNF have important role in a long period of time after the onset of stroke in the regeneration and repair, such as maintaining neuronal survival and plasticity.KEYWORDS: ischemic stroke, VEGF, BDNF
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Manage Endogenous Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Dewi Nurrani Mustika , Wijaya Andi
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Current findings set a new understanding that every adult tissue has its own intrinsic progenitor or stem cell, give a potency for their innate turnover dynamics. This broke the old assumption that adult tissues cannot regenerate themselves. Localized tissue regeneration was regulatory oversight by a separate class of local cells originating as perivascular cells, suggested a profound influence on using specific cells for cell therapies as a health care delivery tool set.CONTENT: The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) could be mobilized from the marrow or other depots or can be culture-expanded MSCs which are delivered to the damage site either by direct or systemic injection. MSCs act paracrine and autocrine by inducing a variety of cytokines and growth factors which suppress local immune system, inhibit fibrosis (scar formation) and apoptosis, enhanceangiogenesis, and stimulate mitosis and differentiation of tissue, intrinsic reparative or stem cells. These referred a trophic effects, different from the direct differentiation of MSCs into repair tissue. Thus, MSC suggested as a multidrug delivery vehicles in response of injury. In this regard, the trophic effects of MSCs may have profound clinical use.SUMMARY: Managing the body’s natural repair and regeneration capacities is the new frontier for modern medicine and the basis for the science of cell therapies. Study of MSCs become one avenue that being pursued to explore the endogenous tissue regeneration management, so that people have a great expectation to solve many severe diseases.KEYWORDS: mesenchymal stromal/stem cell, paracrine or autocrine activities, trophic mediator, inflammation, wound healing
MÍDIA E PRODUÇÃO DE SENTIDOS SOBRE “PATRIMÔNIO” EM SÃO LUÍS DO MARANHÃO
Authors: Carvalho Conceição De Maria Belfort de
Published: August 2016

A mídia é um dos mais eficientes lugares discursivos em que se produzem identidades. Este artigo verifica, a partir da Analise do Discurso de base foucaultiana, as formas como o discurso midiático articula um jogo de produção de sentidos do conceito de patrimônio em São Luís-Ma, por meio de excertos do jornal O Estado do Maranhão e O Imparcial.Palavras-chave: Patrimônio cultural. Discurso. Mídia.MEDIA AND PRODUCTION OF SENSES OF "HERITAGE" IN SAO LUÍS CAPITAL OF MARANHÃO STATEAbstract: The media is one of the most efficient discursive places in which identities are produced. This article examines, from the base of Foucault's Discourse Analysis, the ways in which media discourse articulates a set of production of meanings of the concept of heritage in Sao Luis-Ma, through excerpts from two local newspapers O Estado do Maranhão and O Imparcial.Keywords: Cultural heritage. Discourse. Media.MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN Y PRODUCCIÓN DE SENTIDOS DEL TÉRMINO PATRIMONIO EN SÃO LUÍS DE MARANHÃOResumen: Los medios de comunicación son considerados uno de los campos discursivos más eficaces para la producción de identidades. Teniendo en cuenta dicha afirmación, este artículo examina, desde la perspectiva del Análisis del Discurso de orientación foucaultiana, las maneras como los discursos mediáticos articulan un juego de producción de significados del concepto del término "patrimonio" en São Luís-Ma, a través de extractos de los periódicos locales O Estado do Maranhão y O Imparcial.Palabras clave: Patrimonio cultural. Discurso. Medios de comunicación.
Network Analysis of Open Innovation
Authors: Yun JinHyo Joseph , Jeong EuiSeob , Park JinSeu
Published: July 2016

The way people innovate and create new ideas and bring them to the market is undergoing a fundamental change from closed innovation to open innovation. Why and how do firms perform open innovation? Firms’ open innovation is measured through the levels of firms’ joint patent applications. Next, we analyze network structures and characters of firms’ joint patent applications such as betweenness and degree centrality, structure hole, and closure. From this research, we drew conclusions as follows. First, the structure of collaboration networks has both direct and indirect effects on firms’ innovative performance. Second, in the process of joint patent applications, there is a long tail phenomenon in networks of joint patent applications. Third, the number of patents and International Patent Classification (IPC) subclasses together constitute a meaningful measure of the innovation performance of firms.
Education and its Impact on Social Change in Punjab
Authors: Sarkaria Maninder S. , Sharma Shiwani
Published: July 2016

Significance of education in the development process has been well recognized by the educational planners, economists and development planners the world over. Based on empirical evidences of connection between education and socio-economic development, this paper posits that education is instrumental in the socio-economic development. Specifically, this paper examines the impact of educational progress on fertility rate, population growth rate, child/infant mortality rate, life expectancy, gender disparity, poverty of the state. The analysis is based on information of the entire state on various variables such as literacy rate, enrolment, per capita income, fertility rate, population growth rate, incidence of poverty, etc. gathered from the secondary sources from 1966 onward. To sort out the strength and direction of relationships between education and various components of social developments, data have been analyzed by employing simple regression models.

The findings show that female education at all levels has been found to be highly significant in lowering infant mortality. Male and female life expectancy at birth and at specific ages have been found to be positively related with enrolment at different educational levels.

In line with the research conducted in different parts of the world, this study also confirms that increased female education at all the stages (i.e. primary, elementary, secondary and for all education levels put together) consistently lowers fertility rates.

 Our regression results show positive relationship between the progress of education at different stages and the gender disparity in infant mortality. Further, The poverty reduction effect of education has been confirmed from the inverse relationship of the educational progress at different stages of schooling with the incidence of deprivation (poverty). 
Teaching ‘Standard English’ or local, code-switched New Englishes in schools in ‘Outer Circle’ countries? Insights from selected secondary school teachers of English in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mareva Rugare , Kaburise Phyllis K. , Klu Ernest K.
Published: July 2016

The study investigated the English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers’ perceptions on the relationship between code-switching and emerging varieties of English called New Englishes, as well as the teachers’ perceptions on the teaching of such local varieties of English. The inquiry adopted a qualitative research paradigm and focused on two purposively sampled secondary schools comprising one rural day, and one urban boarding school. Four ESL teachers were interviewed (two teachers per school). The inquiry revealed that there was unanimous agreement among the four teachers that there is a relationship between code-switching and New Englishes.  In addition, two of the teachers expressed the view that there is nothing wrong with teaching the local variety of English in the schools, while the other two said they preferred the teaching of Standard English.The study recommends that language policy planners in Zimbabwe consider adopting a balance of the endo-normative and the exo-normative models of English for the education system. Such a model, while acknowledging the importance of Standard English, would not undermine the importance of the local variety of English. In addition, the inquiry recommends that the Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC) be sensitive to aspects of the local variety of English rather than set exo-normative models. Finally, the study recommends that further research be done on the perceptions of ESL teachers on the teaching of Standard English and New Englishes in school types which were not included in the sample for the present study.
Portraying the Performing Artistes in Early India in the Context of Ancient Indian Scripters
Authors: T.V. Ajesh
Published: July 2016

In ancient India theatrical performances were the main attractions for the people. Literary evidences prove that ancient Indian theatre is a comprehensive one and is a very popular for entertainment. Cultural arts like dancing, singing, puppet shows etc. were formulated and enacted from pre-Vedic period onwards. Historically, the origin of dance as a form of entertainment can be traced in the Indus valley period. The findings of archeological excavations from Mohenjo-Daro suggest that dance was very much popular in those days. ‘Some of the earliest representations of scenes of dancing occur in cave paintings found in Mesolithic rock shelters. Subsequently, finds of sculpture and representations on seals from Harappan civilization (c. 2700- 1800 BCE) have been taken to represent dancers.’[i] The posture of grey slate figure of a male dancer from Harappa reminds of tāṇḍava and supports the affinity between the male deity of Harappan culture and later Śiva. It seems that Indus people were interested in theatrical art very much.[ii]

Some scholars hold the view that theatrical performances developed from the instinct of primitive peoples to imitate the action of people and nature around them.[iii]During their leisure they had cultivated various kinds of fine arts, music, dance etc.  Further, it developed as theatrical art and it provides suitable jobs, artistic engagements and also a source of livelihood for men and women. Scholars suggest that performance tradition emerged probably from ritual contexts. A.L. Basham says, ‘as in most other civilizations there is little doubt that the Indian drama developed from ritual miming song and dance.’[iv]A.B. Keith also shares this opinion. He states, ‘The Vedic ritual contained within themselves the germs of drama, yet there are nothing but elements of representation.’[v]Most probably dancing and singing were regarded as important features of ritual performances. Practice of various forms of performing arts in the socio-economic life of people has been traced in ancient Indian literature. ‘In Vedic period, music and dance can be divided mainly under two heads; ritual and secular/ social.’[vi]

 
Role of Yoga in Pacifying Terrorism
Authors: Gupta Kalpana , Singh Pratima
Published: July 2016

Love is the base of the universe; it is the cause of the existence of creatures on the earth. This is one of the basic needs of human beings. Everyone wants peace and love but lust, materialistic desires, bubble fame, wealth, misguided patriotism lead to destruction and chaos in the world. God has given human beings no religion, these are human beings who put label of religion on themselves and call God by different names Allah, Ishwar, Jesus and so on. God is one and all the religion leads us to same path. No religion leads us to destruction, violence and bloodshed. No wars and terror should be launched in the name of religion. Some fanatic Muslims believe in JIHAD, according to them Islam is in danger and for the safety and existence of Islam; Muslims should stand up together and fight. This fanaticism should not be sprouted on this earth. Generally an average person's level of consciousness is rather low. He is enslaved to life and lives on false hopes and illusions.

He spends his life in ignorance, experiencing joy and sorrow, success and failure, love and grief without ever really coming to the ultimate realization. Under the influence of sensation and passion, people commit errors which they subsequently regret. They delude themselves by looking for peace, happiness and self accomplishment through the pleasure of the senses. Materialism does not give us peace of mind and inner calm. There are so many examples throughout the world of people who have everything they need materially but they are nevertheless unhappy, restless and tormented.
Coefficient of Friction Reducing Efficiency of ARC Eco-Lube
Authors: Amanullah Md
Published: August 2016

The torque and drag problem is one of the major drilling challenges in deviated, horizontal, extended reach and multilateral wells and thus needs industry attention. In case of HTHP drilling, the excessive torque and drag can lead to various drilling problems including downhole tool failure. This problem is further aggravated in the presence of water-based muds due to usually high Coeffiecnt of Friction (COF) values of WBMs compared to OBMs. The COF of WBMs often lead to the termination of drilling operation before the target point, especially in extended reach drilling operations. That is why various types of solids and liquid lubricants are incorporated into a water-based mud to overcome the torque and drag problems. Most of the conventional lubricants are, however, not environment friendly and thus not appropriate in sensitive environments. This paper describes the application of an ecofriendly lubricant that can reduce the COF values of water-based mud significantly. It has been developed using a waste by-product of the food industry without including any additives to maintain the environment friendliness of the finished product. To evaluate the performance of the new lubricant, lubricity tests were conducted on three different water-based muds by incorporating 2-4% by volume of the new lubricant.

Experimental results indicate a significant reduction of the COF values of water-based muds in the presence of the new lubricant. Comparison of the COF reduction capability of the new lubricant with diesel and mineral oil lubricants indicates that the new lubricant has similar or better performance with respect to these lubricants. As the lubricant has been developed using a locally available food industry waste product, additional benfits may be realized in the potential growth of local industries. Due to the eco-friendly nature of the lubricant it will have no detrimental impact to the surrounding environments, ecosystems, localities and habitats.
Method and Apparatus to Reduce the Probability of Differential Sticking
Authors: Amanullah Md , Al-Arfaj Mohammad K
Published: August 2016

Drilling fluid is the life line of safe and economic drilling operations to explore for oil and gas resources beneath the earth's crust. It is, however, also the root cause of various mud related drilling problems that make safe and economic drilling operations extremely challenging. Problems such as shale-drilling fluid interactions, borehole instability, loss of circulation, differential pipe sticking, etc. are frequent events associated with drilling mud and mudcake characteristics. As differential pressure sticking is one of the major drilling problems that frequently occurs in the presence of a permeable formations, every step should be taken to reduce the probability and likelihood of this occurring.

Drilling muds that produce mudcake with strong sticking bonds are more prone to cause differential sticking. On the other hand, drilling muds that deposit mudcake with weak sticking bonds significantly reduces the scope of differential sticking due to easy shearing and tearing of the sticking bonds. In the event of a stuck pipe situation, the recovery is much easier in the presence of a mudcake of lower sticking bond strength than a mudcake of higher sticking bond strength. Hence, the selection of a drilling mud that has the capability to produce a mudcake of weak sticking bonds is one of the most effective preventive approaches in avoiding or mitigating differential sticking. This paper describes a novel test apparatus and method for screening and evaluating various mud systems to select the most suitable drilling mud for a differential sticking prone zone. Based on the experimental results, two index parameters were defined to provide quantitative information and valuable technical guidelines to select a suitable mud system. The method and apparatus will also guide the mud engineers in selecting mud additives and designing new mud systems to lower the risk of differential sticking.
A Simple Mathematical Model for Predicting Temperature Profile in Underbalanced Drilling
Authors: Shan Liqun , Guo Boyun , Wei Na
Published: August 2016

It is generally recognized that oil influx from pay zones creates high-temperature fluid streams in Underbalanced drilling (UBD) and increases drilling cost due to bore hole complications. However there is lack of an accurate and simple method to predict the fluid temperature that is necessary for taking actions to prevent down hole complications. This study fills the gap. A simple analytical method was developed to replace sophisticated mathematics involving numerical solution procedure. The analytical model includes closed form equations for predicting the fluid temperature profiles inside the drill string and in the annulus. The analytical model considers formation oil influx, entrained cuttings and Joule-Thomason cooling effect at the drill bit. A field case study and a sensitivity analysis with the analytical model were conducted. The field case study with the analytical model indicates that the model can match temperature measurement perfectly by tuning three parameters namely temperature drop at bit, formation oil influx rate, and thermal conductivity of cement sheath. Result of sensitivity analysis shows that the temperature profiles in UBD is very sensitive to the temperature drop at bit and sensitive to the formation oil influx rate and thermal conductivity of cement sheath, especially in the low range of influx rate and thermal conductivity. More clean data sets are required to further validate the newly developed analytical model. Once fully validated, this analytical model can be used in the petroleum industry to improve Underbalanced drilling performance by reducing drilling complications and thus cost of operations.
The Application of Cluster Drilling Technology in High Pressure Salt Gypsum Formation in Swamp Wetland of N.A Oilfield of Iran
Authors: Ping Liqiu , Wang Xi , Zou Ke
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a case of cluster well development in swamp wetland in high pressure salt gypsum formation of N.A Oilfield of Iran and analyzes the advantages and challenges of cluster drilling and completion. Experience and lessons learned from cluster drilling and completion are issued.

The major challenges of cluster drilling and completion is anti-collision and higher torque and drag in three dimensional trajectory well. The cluster drilling and completion is more difficult due to the existence of high pressure salt gypsum with high pressure salt water in N.A Oilfield. This paper presents well trajectory optimization design, anti-collision design and technical treatment to decrease drag and torque in three dimensional trajectory well for cluster wells in N.A Oilfield. The above mentioned cluster drilling technology has been used in more than 50 wells in N.A Oilfield and solve the three dimensional trajectory well drilling and completion difficulties such as drill string stuck, casing stuck and so on.

The key technology of the cluster well is trajectory design and control to drill a smooth hole and decrease collision. The completed wells show that the duration of three dimensional trajectory well is 10 days longer than that of the two dimensional trajectory well for 3D trajectory is more difficult for drilling, running casing, completion, acidizing due to higher torque and drag. So the composite cost of the three dimensional trajectory well is 1 million dollars more than that of the two dimensional trajectory well. It is economically feasible to use three dimensional cluster well for the cost of construction of one pad is about 3-4 million dollars in the swamp wetland surface conditions. The technical difficulties and economic evaluation shall be considered in the design of cluster well development and not all the cluster well drilling is economically feasible.

Cluster well is a practical and economic development mode in offshore oil production, offshore oil on the land and some harsh surface conditions such as swamp. Considering the complexity and cost of drilling three dimensional trajectory well, it is recommended to design two dimensional trajectory well in cluster well deployment if there is no limitation in the land surface condition.
Milling Reliability Curves as Decision-Making Tools in Cased Hole Sidetracking Applications
Authors: Palomino Dario , Pinard Christopher , Steinke Steve , Moss Brandon
Published: August 2016

The oilfield industry is facing more challenges as wells have become more complex. Companies are designing casing programs that utilize larger casing sizes and setting them deeper than ever before. For cased hole sidetracking projects, this means sidetracks with increasing levels of difficulty such as thicker casing walls, double casing exits, and extended ratholes. These new challenges also represent issues involving premature cutting structure damage, ringouts, coreouts, twistoff, and undergauge windows and ratholes that require unplanned or additional runs—both of which result in nonproductive time to the operator. The ability to analyze and predict the performance of milling tools is critical, and reliability performance curves provide value to the remedial operation planning phase of the sidetrack project. These curves can also be used as a decision-making tool while on a job.

These are the first known reliability and performance curves for sidetrack milling tools. The curves are built using 10 years of historical data, including mill type, size, and casing grade. The parameters were selected based on acceptable gauge criteria, among others. Up to six casing grades can be analyzed and compared for median hours of milling, average ROP, percentage of cutting structure wear, and milling tool reliability.

These curves establish a baseline of performance for mills in their current and future designed state. Any future design changes can then be referenced against these curves to monitor improvement of the tools over time. Engineers may also utilize the curves to conduct operational risk assessments and estimate the performance of mills, especially in challenging environments such as hard formations or thick or double casing string applications. Educated decisions can then be made to prevent or reduce unexpected time loss.

Reliability curves are being generated to improve planning for sidetracking operations as well as making informed decisions on when to pull a mill and replace with the backup. This helps to maintain a full-gauge window or rathole, avoiding tool failures, unplanned trips, and nonproductive time. This decision-making tool can save valuable rig time, which is increasingly important with larger spread rates and deeper wells.

A real scenario was analyzed from a previous job and demonstrated that using the curves as a decisionmaking tool could have saved 30% of the actual downtime.
Experiment and Numerical Calculation Study on the Influence of Fracture Deformation to Tight Oil Production
Authors: Sun L. , Liu Y. T. , Yu P. , He X. P. , Zhao X. , Feng Y. L. , Liu J.
Published: August 2016

Tight oil is a new energy in nearly two decades in the world. Due to the increased demand for energy and enhanced environmental protection awareness, tight oil resources gradually attracted the attention of our government. Tight oil reservoirs usually have extremely low permeability and relatively low porosity, so currently tight oil reservoirs that have been put into industry development often has well developed fracture system with massive fracturing. Fracture system generally has the characteristics of anisotropy and pressure-sensitivity. Therefore, tight oil reservoirs development is extremely complicated. The research of percolation mechanism to tight oil reservoirs is necessary.

This paper typically researches anisotropic medium in consider with pressure sensitivity in tight oil reservoir. The similarity criterion for physical simulation experiment in tight oil reservoir is obtained by dimensional analysis. Percolation experiments simulated anisotropic fractured tight oil reservoirs are done by new physical experiment method with similar materials. Ffracture deformation can be observed at low pressure or atmospheric pressure. The percolation mechanism and principle in pressure sensitive deformation and anisotropy fracture medium is revealed. A new fracture deformation characteristics model is established, and this model has strong applicability. With tensor theory and coordinate transformation method, full tensor permeability model of anisotropic fracture medium is established. Based on the established mathematical model, the main factors affecting the development of tight oil reservoirs are analyzed. Full tensor permeability is of ‘rotation effect’ with nonlinear deformation of multiple groups of fractures. The rules of numerical calculation and experimental results are consistent. Fracturing parameters, pressure sensitivity, anisotropy have great impact on the permeability in tight oil reservoirs. Research shows that in the exploitation of tight oil reservoirs, fracture development and reservoir reconstruction in tight oil reservoirs play a significant role in the contribution of tight oil production capacity.
Logging While Drilling LWD Formation Pressure Testing Technology Enables Better Reservoir Understanding and Completion Optimisation
Authors: Tran Pei-Chea , Jones Glyn , Bokides Nick
Published: August 2016

Esso Australia Resources Pty Ltd, along with joint venture partner BHP Billiton (Bass Strait) Pty Ltd, recently undertook drilling of development wells in order to access new reservoirs in the Gippsland Basin, offshore Victoria. This development of new reservoirs required confirmation of the drive mechanisms in the different stacked reservoirs to finalise the completions for each of the wells.

To confirm the pre-drill understanding of the reservoir behavior in this particular field the logging-while-drilling formation pressure testing technology was deployed, in a total of five (5) wells, throughout the development drilling campaign. The main objectives were to confirm fluid type and connectivity across the penetrated reservoirs, comparison of the logging-while drilling (LWD) data with existing wireline datasets to confirm drive mechanism and to aid in determining fluid contacts within the penetrated reservoirs.

This paper discusses the advantages and benefits of deploying a formation tester in a LWD environment, the results that were achieved and how these objectives were met. Formation pressure while drilling technology provides many advantages for formation evaluation capabilities. In particular operators can collect formation pressure measurements in highly deviated wells whilst reducing operational risks and minimizing costs. The measurements are acquired with the same technology that is used in equivalent wireline formation testers and therefore provide the same high quality data but in a drilling environment. In addition the LWD formation tester has proprietary features to optimize achieving valid pressure measurements during each deployment which will be discussed further in this paper.

As a result of the five successful separate runs a better understanding of the drive mechanisms of the separate reservoirs was achieved which enabled adjustment and optimization of the completion design. In addition, the formation pressure data was used to determine fluid contacts within reservoirs and aid in resolving LWD petrophysical log ambiguity.
Mathematical Model Provides Annular Temperature Profile for Thermal Hydraulics in Drilling Gas Hydrates
Authors: Guo Boyun , Li Gao , Shan Liqun , Li Ben
Published: August 2016

Production of natural gas from unconventional gas-hydrate reservoirs faces several challenges. One of them is the well control issue due to the natural gas released from gas hydrates during well drilling. It is very important for drilling engineers to know if the temperature of drilling fluid in the borehole is lower than the critical temperature that causes hydrate dissociation. However, there is no method to predict the fluid temperature with consideration of the effects of Joule-Thomson cooling and drilling cuttings entrained at the bottom hole. This paper fills the gap. An analytical model was developed in this study for predicting temperature profile in drilling gas-hydrate deposits. Result from the analytical model was verified by a numerical model developed using finite difference method. A case study indicates a good consistency between model-implications and field observations. Sensitivity analyses with the model show that the bottom-hole temperature in gas-hydrate drilling is dominated by the temperature and flow rate of the injected drilling fluid. The temperature of drilling fluid in the annulus can become greater than the geo-temperature at the same depth at high fluid flow rate. The Joule-Thomson cooling effect below the drill bit nozzles rapidly diminishes in a short interval above the bottom hole due to the heating effect of geo-thermal gradient. The rate of penetration of drill bit has negligible effect on the fluid temperature profile due to the low percentage of heat flow contributed by the entrained drill cuttings. This paper provides drilling engineers a rigorous method for predicting wellbore temperature profile during drilling gas-hydrates reservoirs.