bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presencia de obstrucción recurrente de las vías aéreas en un grupo de caballos criollos colombianos con signología respiratoria
Authors: Castillo Franz Cristian Alejandro , Suárez Ortega Ana Patricia , Mira Hernández Juliana
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) through bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in a group of twenty Colombian native horses with respiratory symptoms. Each animal underwent a clinical examination in order to corroborate the respiratory disturbance and later perform the BAL. The results obtained showed that 65% of the animals under study tested positive for RAO, based on the clinical and BAL results, and that, among the total number of animals that tested positive, 61.5% suffered a severe form of such condition. We also found an association between the number of neutrophils and the color of the BAL fluid, and an inverse relationship between cell cytology of macrophages and neutrophils. It is concluded that the Colombian native horse, like other horse breeds, suffers from RAO, sometimes severely, related to predisposing factors such as accommodation and stabling.
Correlación de los niveles de dopamina plasmática entre perros con distintos tipos de agresividad
Authors: Chávez Contreras Gonzalo Alfredo , Dagnino Morel Paola Francesca , Cuevas Cortés Francisco Javier , Opazo Valdés Álvaro , Marín Gamé María Paz
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a link existed between the amounts of plasma dopamine (DAp) and aggressive behavior in canine patients. For such purpose, we worked with two groups: one group of fifteen male, non-castrated, mostly adult dogs with no signs of disease and diagnosed as aggressive through the application of an ethological protocol; and another group of five dogs (control group) with the same characteristics as the group under study, except without the behavioral problems. Individual, environmental and behavioral characteristics associated to the DAp concentrations through the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), coupled to an electrochemical detector, were determined for each group. The results from the group under study revealed mostly dominance (73%), intraspecific (14%) and territorial (13%) aggression, and signs of anxiety were also detected in 73% of them. Regarding DAp values, 53% of the dogs obtained values below 0.04 ng/ml, while it was not possible to determine an average value for the remaining 47%, due to the extent of their distribution. DAp values for the control group were less than 0.04 ng/ml. Through an ANDEVA of least squares means, it was determined that 64% of the plasma concentrations of DA were explained by anxiety, which was not the case for aggressive behaviors.
Criopreservación de embriones equinos y primer reporte de un potro de raza criolla colombiana nacido por transferencia de un embrión equino vitrificado
Authors: Martínez Nadya Nathalie , Pinzón Jorge Eliécer , Porras José Luis , Pérez Javier Norberto , Buitrago Edwin Ricardo , Zambrano Jorge Luis , Jiménez Claudia
Published: November 2015

The aim of this paper is to report on the success of a cryopreservation procedure of equine embryos to achieve a viable pregnancy. Equine embryos were collected on day 6-6.5 (<300 μm, n = 24) and subjected to two cryopreservation techniques: group 1 (n = 12), vitrified, exposing them to a VS1 (Gli [1.4 M]) 5 min, VS2 (Gli [1.4 M] + EG [3.6 M]) and VS3 (Gli [3.4M] + EG [4.6 M] 1 min solution. They were packed in 0.25 ml straws and immersed in liquid nitrogen; group 2 (n = 12), slow freezing: exposed to a freezing solution (1.8 M EG + 0.1 M sucrose) for 10 minutes, packed into 0.25 ml straws, brought to the embryos freezer, exposed to a freezing curve and immersed in liquid nitrogen. Following defrosting, cryoprotectants were removed from the 24 embryos in one step; they were submerged in culture medium DMEM/F12 + 10% of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and incubated under controlled atmosphere (5% CO2, 5% N2, 90% O2) for 48 h. Embryonic development was evaluated in 75% of the vitrified embryos (n = 4); 20% of the embryos were subjected to slow freezing (n = 1). No significant difference was observed in the groups regarding embryonic development, but a greater survival tendency on the vitrified embryos was noted. Also, one of these vitrified embryos was transferred to a receiver, achieving a viable pregnancy and the birth of a living foal.
Valores de referencia de gases arteriales y de electrolitos en caninos de la sabana de Bogotá
Authors: Trujillo Jurado Carlos Andrés , Dalmau Barros Ernesto Andrés , Venegas Cortés Carlos Alberto , Díaz Rojas César Augusto
Published: November 2015

Debido a la ausencia de valores de gasometría arterial que se ajusten a nuestras condiciones ambientales y a la amplia variedad de datos no actualizados en la literatura y utilizados en la práctica diaria, obtenidos con alturas, razas y equipos diferentes a los disponibles en nuestro medio, es necesario generar conocimiento propio ajustado a nuestra realidad. Se realizó una medición sistemática al azar de sangre arterial y venosa en 100 caninos sanos a la altura de la sabana de Bogotá (Chía: 2652 msnm; Cajicá: 2558 msnm; Sopó: 2650 msnm; La Calera: 2718 msnm y Bogotá: 2630 msnm), utilizando el analizador I-STAT® con cartucho EG7+. Se encontraron valores de referencia de gasometría, electrolitos, bases efectivas y pH. Los valores fueron comparados entre cuatro grupos por peso. Para cada parámetro se realizó estadística descriptiva basada en promedio, desviación estándar, error estándar, y se hallaron los límites de confianza (95 %) y los intervalos con desviación estándar (una y dos desviaciones). Se evidenció disminución de PCO2, PO2, SO2, bicarbonato, BE. El pH se encontró levemente aumentado, similar a lo reportado por autores a grandes alturas y diferentes (no corroborado estadísticamente) a reportes en literatura, en los que la altura no fue una variable. Aun así son usados frecuentemente como referencia en la práctica de pequeños animales; solo la PO2 presentó diferencias estadísticas por grupos de peso. Como conclusión, se evidenció una regulación del pH sanguíneo eficaz a 2600 msnm, con diferentes valores de bicarbonato, PCO2, PO2, BE, que indican la necesidad de obtener y utilizar valores de referencia acordes con condiciones locales.
Implementación del análisis de riesgo en la industria alimentaria mediante la metodología AMEF: enfoque práctico y conceptual
Authors: Cartín-Rojas Andrés , Villarreal-Tello Alejandro , Morera Andrés
Published: November 2015

El análisis de riesgo mediante el Análisis Modal de Efectos y Fallas (AMEF) se aplicó y se incorporó en conjunto con el Análisis de Peligros y Puntos Críticos de Control (HACCP) para establecer la evaluación de riesgos en una maquiladora de pavo deshuesado. En este trabajo se calculó y se predijo, por medio de la significancia del riesgo, la importancia de establecer medidas preventivas en las etapas de proceso más vulnerables. El cálculo de la significancia se realizó obteniendo el Índice de Criticidad (IC). Los puntos críticos de control se establecieron con la metodología del árbol de decisiones, que se enfocó en aquellas etapas que mostraron tener los valores más altos relativos al IC. Las principales causas posibles que generan una desviación de los puntos críticos de control fueron enlistadas y analizadas a través de un análisis causa-raíz, con el uso del diagrama de Ishikawa. La integración del análisis de riesgo dentro de un plan HACCP demostró proveer amplias ventajas que facilitan el control de los procesos de manufactura y el aseguramiento de la salud pública a los consumidores finales, al generar alimentos inocuos y de alta calidad, al tiempo que mejora el desempeño operacional del ciclo productivo. Se identificaron las etapas de almacenamiento y descongelación como los principales segmentos con tendencia a mostrar altos valores de IC. Las acciones correctivas sugeridas bajaron notablemente los valores del IC por debajo del límite aceptable. Los resultados del presente estudio muestran claramente la importancia de la incorporación de un buen sistema de control sistemático para la gestión de riesgos en la industria avícola.
Accidente ofídico en animales de pastoreo: acercamiento epidemiológico, clínico y de manejo
Authors: Estrada-Gómez Sebastián , Quintana Castillo Juan Carlos , Vargas Muñoz Leidy Johana
Published: November 2015

En animales de pastoreo, el reporte de accidentes ofídicos es muy bajo y, además, presenta un amplio subregistro. A pesar de esto, es de gran utilidad conocer la incidencia de estos accidentes, pues son de gran importancia por las pérdidas económicas que pueden causar en el sector pecuario. Los accidentes por serpientes venenosas, tanto de la familia Viperidae como Elapidae, en caballos y ganado vacuno son frecuentes en muchos lugares del mundo, debido al aumento en la destinación de las tierras para la actividad ganadera. Colombia no es ajena a ello; sin embargo, el registro de este tipo de accidentalidad es muy bajo. En los diferentes reportes de accidentes ofídicos en animales, se ha observado que las principales manifestaciones sistémicas están caracterizadas por complicaciones cardiacas, hemodinámicas y neurotóxicas. Igualmente, se observan efectos locales, los cuales se caracterizan por presencia de hemorragias locales, edema y necrosis. El tratamiento específico utilizado en los accidentes por serpientes es la seroterapia, que consta de inmunoglobulinas G (Sueros IgG) completas o fraccionadas (Faboterápicos Fab o Fab2), específicas para un género o especie.
Caracterización hematológica de hicoteas (Trachemys callirostris Gray, 1856) en Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Carrascal Velásquez Juan , Negrete Cartagena Héctor , Rojano Bolaño César , Álvarez Otero Gabriel , Chacón Pacheco Julio , Linares Arias Juan
Published: November 2015

Se recolectaron 69 muestras de Trachemys callirostris en condiciones ex situ e in situ, para determinar sus parámetros hematológicos, comparar estos valores (considerando sexo, edad y condición) y establecer la morfología de sus células. A los animales se les extrajo sangre de la vena yugular. Se determinaron hematocrito, concentración de hemoglobina, recuentos total de eritrocitos, leucocitos y trombocitos e índices eritrocitarios (volumen corpuscular medio, hemoglobina corpuscular media y concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media). En extendidos sanguíneos se realizaron el conteo diferencial de leucocitos y la descripción de la morfología de las células encontradas. Los valores promedio encontrados para todos los individuos fueron: hematocrito (29,9 % ± 5,1), hemoglobina (4,0 ± 1,0 g/dl), VCM (327 ± 15,3 fl), HCM (45 ± 17,5 pg), CMHC (14 ± 6 %), conteo total de trombocitos (15,0 ± 5,4 × 10³ μL), conteo total de eritrocitos (0,92 × 10⁶/μL ± 0,12), conteo total de leucocitos (12,10 ± 5,0 × 10³ μL). Al aplicar el análisis de varianza se encontró que no existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) entre Trachemys callirostris de distintos pesos (500 a 2000 g). Sin embargo, existen diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) y altamente significativas (p < 0,01) de la mayoría de las variables hematológicas entre sexos y entre hicoteas mantenidas en condición in situ y ex situ. De esta forma, las diferencias encontradas entre individuos, dependiendo su peso, sexo y condición de mantenimiento (in situ o ex situ), sirven como referencia para el establecimiento de protocolos de manejo de la especie en cautiverio.
Variación de las concentraciones séricas de glucosa y proteínas durante el día en ovinos de diferente sexo
Authors: Galván Doria Carmen , Rugeles Pinto Clara , Vergara Garay Óscar
Published: November 2015

Con el propósito de determinar el efecto de la hora de muestreo y del sexo en las concentraciones de glucosa y proteínas totales, se monitorearon seis ovinos criollos colombianos durante 3 días. Se tomaron muestras de sangre mediante venopunción yugular, previa asepsia, y se almacenaron a –20 °C para su posterior procesamiento mediante espectofotometría. Los resultados se tabularon en Excel y analizaron mediante el programa estadístico SAS 9.1. Los valores promedios encontrados fueron: glucosa 75,57 ± 27,5 mg/dL en hembras y 83,70 ± 37,7 mg/dL en machos; proteínas totales 8,47 ± 2,76 g/dL para las hembras y 7,14 ± 3,26 g/dL para los machos; albúmina 4,29 ± 1,41 g/dL en hembras y 3,83 ± 1,46 g/dL en machos; globulinas 4,62 ± 2,35 g/dL en hembras y 3,92 ± 2,45 g/dL en machos. Tanto el día como la hora de muestreo afectaron las concentraciones séricas de los metabolitos evaluados (p < 0,05). Así mismo, hubo variación de estos respecto al sexo (p < 0,05) de los animales.
Determinación del tiempo de lisis del coágulo humano (in vitro) con el plasminógeno/plasmina de cuatro especies: humano, bovino, caprino y porcino
Authors: Cañas Bermúdez Omaira , Rojas Diego Andrés , Arbeláez Ramírez Luis Fernando
Published: November 2015

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera causa de muerte en todo el mundo, entre las cuales las anomalías del sistema del plasminógeno/plasmina son un factor importante en la deficiente lisis de los coágulos sanguíneos. En esta investigación se estudió el sistema fibrinolítico en cuatro especies de mamíferos, entre las que se identificó el plasminógeno humano como el más eficiente en cuanto a su poder trombolítico. Se investigó y se identificó el plasminógeno entre cuatro especies (humano, bovino, caprino y porcino) más eficiente en la lisis del coágulo humano in vitro. Los plasminógenos fueron purificados de forma idéntica por cromatografía de afinidad. El fibrinógeno humano se purificó por fraccionamiento con etanol. Tanto la purificación del plasminógeno como la del fibrinógeno se caracterizaron por electroforesis unidimensional SDS-PAGE al 10 %. La formación del coágulo humano, in vitro, así como su disolución por el plasminógeno/plasmina consistió en la determinación del tiempo de lisis desde la formación del coágulo hasta su dilución. La purificación de las proteínas arrojó una pureza mayor al 95 %; el del plasminógeno humano demostró mayor capacidad de lisis del coágulo que los plasminógenos de los animales. Se determinó que la mayor catálisis y eficiencia corresponden al plasminógeno/plasmina humano, que disuelve el coágulo humano hasta tres veces más rápido que las especies irracionales.
Seroprevalencia de Ehrlichia canis en perros con sospecha de infección por patógenos transmitidos por garrapatas en Medellín, 2012-2014
Authors: Cartagena Yarce Lina María María , Ríos Osorio Leonardo Alberto , Cardona Arias Jaiberth Antonio
Published: November 2015

En Colombia son exiguas las investigaciones sobre ehrlichiosis canina y en Medellín son nulas. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la seroprevalencia de Ehrlichia canis y su distribución según sexo, edad, raza y tamaño en caninos diagnosticados en un laboratorio veterinario de Medellín, entre 2012 y 2014. Para ello se diseñó un estudio transversal en 781 caninos. Se calculó la seroprevalencia global de infección y específica según sexo, grupo de edad, tamaño y raza del canino. En el análisis bivariado se usaron las pruebas Z, chi cuadrado de Pearson y U de Mann-Whitney. En el análisis multivariado se hizo regresión logística binaria. Se incluyeron 57 razas, de las cuales las más frecuentes fueron criollos, labradores y french poodle; 54,9 % eran machos y 56,9 %, adultos. La prevalencia global de la infección fue 24,8 %; las mayores seroprevalencias específicas se observaron en las hembras (25,9 %), los seniles (29,7 %) y los pertenecientes a razas grandes (27,6 %). El riesgo de infección en adultos y seniles fue 2 veces el hallado en cachorros; la probabilidad de infección en los cocker spaniel fue 6,4 veces la hallada en los bulldog francés; el riesgo de infección en lobo siberiano, pug y labrador fue 7,8, 5,5 y 4,1 veces lo observado en los bulldog. La alta seroprevalencia de ehrlichiosis canina y la identificación de los caninos adultos, seniles y las razas cocker spaniel, lobos siberianos, pug y labradores como las de mayor riesgo evidencian la necesidad de formular programas de prevención y atención de esta infección en la ciudad.
Diversidad molecular de candidatos vacunales en Leptospira spp.
Authors: Hernández-Rodríguez Patricia , Baquero P. Mónica , Santander Torres Andrés Felipe , Gómez Arlen
Published: November 2015

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diversidad molecular de las proteínas OmpL1, LipL32, LipL41, LigA y LigB y de los genes que las codifican mediante análisis bioinformáticos en diferentes cepas patógenas de Leptospira spp., a partir de la información disponible en las bases de datos. Se utilizaron las secuencias de aminoácidos de las proteínas OmpL1, LipL32, LipL41, LigA y LigB, así como las de los genes que las codifican en las cepas de Leptospira spp. registradas en The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Los análisis de las proteínas y los genes se realizaron mediante los recursos Protein, Nucleotide y Gene del NCBI. La alineación de las secuencias consenso se realizó con las herramientas PSI-BLAST y BLASTn. El porcentaje de cobertura de las secuencias seleccionadas de los genes ompL1, lipL32, lipL41, ligA y ligB en cepas patógenas de Leptospira spp. es de 100 % para ompL1, lipL32 y lipL41, 75 % para ligA y 99 % para ligB con porcentajes de identidad de 85, 98, 88, 90 y 80 % respectivamente; el porcentaje de cobertura de las secuencias seleccionadas de las proteínas es de 100, 77, 99, 100 y 100 % con porcentajes de identidad de 90, 99, 92, 63 y 60 % respectivamente, lo cual indica que los genes y las proteínas, excepto las proteínas LigA y LigB, son bastante conservadas en los diferentes serovares patógenos de Leptospira spp. Según dichos resultados, se recomienda realizar análisis complementarios de estas proteínas con el fin de determinar si es viable su uso como candidatos vacunales.
Descripción clínica de hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cutáneo metastásico en un canino galgo: estudio clínico de un caso
Authors: Weinborn Astudillo Romy Marie , Issotta Contardo Constanza María , Agurto Merino Marisol Karin , Lara Luna Juan Ignacio
Published: November 2015

El hemangiosarcoma (HSA) es un tipo de cáncer que tiene diferentes presentaciones clínicas y, por ende, diferentes consecuencias, ya que, dependiendo de cada caso, existirán distintas opciones terapéuticas. Si bien en el caso del HSA cutáneo la primera línea de tratamiento siempre es la extracción quirúrgica del tumor, se deben buscar focos metástasicos y luego realizar quimioterapia, a pesar de tener potencial metastásico bajo. Por otra parte, la baja supervivencia que existe en este tipo de neoplasia es un factor que se debe informar a los responsables de las mascotas, para que así, con toda la información disponible, puedan tomar una decisión libre e informada sobre el tratamiento que desean para su mascota, considerando el compromiso financiero, el tiempo de supervivencia y la calidad de vida asociada a la quimioterapia. Este artículo describe el caso clínico de una hembra canina de raza galgo de 8 años de edad, que fue presentada a consulta por un tumor cutáneo en el miembro posterior derecho en la tibia distal. Fue diagnosticada con HSA cutáneo no invasivo mediante histopatología, razón por la cual los propietarios optaron por no hacer quimioterapia; sin embargo, 10 meses después presentó lesiones recurrentes en piel y en un linfonodo poplíteo correspondientes a hemangiosarcoma y hemangioma respectivamente, y tres semanas después la paciente presentó tamponamiento cardiaco por una masa cardiaca con derrame asociado, lo que desencadenó su eutanasia.
Parámetros fisiológicos y valores hematológicos normales en búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) del Magdalena Medio colombiano
Authors: Londoño R. Carolina , Sánchez M. Erika Natalia , Prada Sanmiguel Germán Alonso
Published: November 2015

El presente estudio se realizó en 171 animales de la hacienda La Suiza, ubicada en el municipio de Puerto Nare, Antioquia, con el fin de determinar los parámetros fisiológicos y valores hematológicos en búfalos de agua (Bubalus bubalis) del Magdalena Medio colombiano. Esta población fue seleccionada y catalogada en diferentes grupos de edades, así: menores de un año, 51 animales; de uno a tres años, 56 animales, y mayores de tres años, 64 animales. Se tomaron las frecuencias cardiaca, respiratoria, pulso, tiempo de llenado capilar, movimientos ruminales y temperatura a los mismos animales una vez al mes durante cuatro meses. Asimismo, se les extrajo sangre de la vena yugular para análisis hematológico de hematocrito, proteínas plasmáticas totales, proteínas séricas totales y recuento leucocitario. Resultados: se encontraron rangos de referencia de parámetros fisiológicos y hematológicos en búfalos de agua de la hacienda La Suiza, en el Magdalena Medio colombiano.
PCP System Shows Optimal Performance in a Heavy Oil Well in Block 59 Ecuador
Authors: Mena F. , Ruiz R. G. , Pozo L.
Published: November 2015

The objective of this paper is to define the best artificial lift system for recovering heavy oil in Vinita Field, located in Block 59 of the Ecuadorian Oriente Basin. This field produces from reservoir “M-1” sandstone. The crude oil gravity of M-1 varies between 13.5 and 15.4 °API. In Vinita Field there have been three different types of artificial lift systems installed with local power generators. The amount of energy used in each lifting system is used as a factor in determining the most suitable lifting system for the wells in this oilfield.

The fluid level of each well and other parameters for the simulation process are determined by pressure tests analysis. The flow simulation is an important step to get a better design and predict the future performance of an artificial lift system. The Inflow and Outflow curves are used to identify the optimal production levels and to determine the production capacity of the well.

The Vinita-3 well used to produce by a hydraulic system. This had several mechanical failures resulting in production losses. The decision to implement the first progressive cavity pump completion (PCP) in Petroamazonas EP has been taken in order to reduce production losses and energy consumption. Vinita-3 is a directional well that presents several challenges for implementing a PCP system. All these challenges were satisfactorily overcome using optimal development of variables, getting optimal production and system performance. The initial investment to implement the PCP system was around 80% less than the investment required for other systems installed previously in the same well. The demand of energy consumption decreased from 53.7 Kw-hour to 8 Kw-hour. The PCP system was installed in June of 2014, and the system has been working with normality until today.

The PCP system has had an optimal performance for lifting the heavy oil of Vinita-3 well and the energy required is less than the energy demanded by other lifting systems. The installation of PCP system in others wells with similar conditions to Vinita-3 can reduce energy demand from other companies that handle heavy oil wells.
Proper Management of Risk, Helps To Reduce Drilling Cost
Authors: Garcia J. Vicente
Published: November 2015

In an scenario that shows how expensive conventional drilling has become in Ecuador, with the aggravation of the oil price collapse, Operator's reaction was to opt a new strategy focused on optimizing drilling operations by managing some tolerable risks, which increase productivity, reducing time and costs in some specific directional wells, which brings economic benefits to the company and to the continuity of the development of any field through cheap drilling.

The proposed strategy is based on historical data and the application of productivity concepts are classified in three clear categories to be measured and optimize:

Productivity by time Productivity by day Productivity by man-hour

Putting these categories into a simple set of equations (operation/time), will enable any reader to see that variation in the quotient (time) in all of them is reflected directly in productivity value in an inversely proportion, hence directly affecting project costs. Therefore, companies are forced to manage their drilling time day by day.

It has been said that the critical factor in the total cost of a well is time, so the strategy proposed involves the reduction of drilling time by removing one whole section in wells that meet certain technical criteria. Eliminating a whole section along with proper risk management has enabled to lower costs in about 40% (this includes all tangible and intangible costs).

For the drilling department, the standard that has been set for selecting the number of sections per directional well and based on the horizontal displacement is the following:

2-section directional wells with displacements <= 3000 ft 3-section directional wells with displacement > 3000 ft

Presently, a two-section directional well from spud to Rig Release has a cost of about US$1.7 – 1.8 million.

Drilling Department in an effort to improve the productivity and achieve better performance on its operational activities, has focused to analyze technical concepts combined with the application of basic concepts of productivity presicelly in drilling engineering such as changing from 3 to 2 string well designs. These management of ideas from the engineering and operational point of view has allowed the operator drill faster at a lower cost. The optimal use of available resources, the right application of special tools and taking operational risks mitigated by a high level of management, has allowed achieving the expected success.

From a technical-financial point of view, these results are of great benefit to any operator.
Defining the Optimum Exploitation Strategy Combining Water Injection, Field Development and Artificial Lift Analysis to a Mature Field through Surface and Sub-surface Coupled Models
Authors: Espinola O. , Mehranfar R. , Salama D. , Santafe E. , Nuñez F. , Martínez Mendoza J. F. , Ortega H. , Espinosa A. , Alarcón H.
Published: November 2015

Many producing fields worldwide have reached the mature phase of development, these fields have been producing for several years (25 to 40 years or more), which is typically beyond the design life, and at this stage there are several challenges from different perspectives from the reservoir to the surface and there are nevertheless a number of viable options for extending the economic life. Recent studies estimate than hydrocarbon production from mature fields will account for more than one-half of the global energy mix for the next 20 years, and probably munch longer (Syed,2008), hence the importance of apply technologies and methodologies (IAM) capable to capture all the interaction in this complex system.

There are several key factors in developing mature oil fields. Reservoir conditions, oil prices, development costs, surrounding pipeline infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks. The recovery and production from these fields can be enhanced by infill drilling, different stimulation and remediation techniques, artificial lift systems, secondary or enhanced recovery, etc. Selecting the optimal strategy requires an integrated approach in the total production system and be able to forecast and evaluate different options of integrated performance, linked to the economic value to support the decision making process.

This paper describes a case study where the implementation of an integrated asset model was performed, taking into account the production system elements (well, reservoir, and production network) as part of the reservoir management strategies developed with the purpose of evaluating, designing and optimizing the field exploitation to increase the recovery factor and profitability of the field. Different studies were performed using the reservoir, surface production network and well modeling, under this integrated approach to quantify the possible production rates, identify the potential effect of artificial lift systems, production capacity and all the technical – economical viable options that can help to reach the goals of the asset in terms of investment and production, justify with high level of engineering all the investment vs benefits; and also helping to generate the plans and actions associated in the execution phase.

Several challenges shown by this field are due to its extensive previous exploitation activity, which leads to the integrated approach becoming the key factor for predicting the real alternatives previously mentioned. As a result, an integrated field management proposal was developed seeking for production optimization and evaluation of different artificial lift options along with recovery schemes such as water injection for pressure maintenance.
Modifying the Chimney Arrangement of an Indirect Water Bath Heater Without Affecting its Operational Efficiency
Authors: Delgado P. , Moreno X. , Pachacama S. , Rueda P. , Suárez D.
Published: November 2015

Because of the operation in offshore platforms, sometimes it is impossible to change the location of any equipment due to time, space or costs. For these reasons it is important to be able to adapt equipment, and change its/their configuration without affecting its operation or efficiency.

This particular case is focused in the configuration change of chimneys of indirect heat exchangers, which operate with natural gas as a fuel, when natural gas of two production wells are heating through a water bath. The change of configuration of chimneys consists of relocating only the chimneys farther than the original locations next to the indirect heat exchangers located in the superior cover of an offshore natural gas production platform.

Before changing the original arrangement of chimney, it is important to evaluate the equipment behavior with its original configuration to know its behavior. After that it is possible to apply the principle of differential pressure because of difference of densities between ambient air and flue gases, called chimney effect or natural draught.

This phenomenon allows to compensate the pressure drop due to the increase of the length of line to send the flue gases to atmosphere, considering a sufficient height of the chimney. However, it is important to make an appropriately height estimation to avoid changes or affecting the performance and operation of the heating equipment.

Adaptations over the chimney systems of indirect water bath heaters with natural draft and natural gas as a fuel produce acceptable results in the equipment behavior without blower installation.

This paper shows that it is possible to change the configuration of the flue gases system of an indirect water bath heater to heat natural gas using natural draught without affecting its operation after the configuration changes.

An important key that shall be considered is the climatological variations that could affect the natural draught, and chimney diameter.
Fabric Hand-Feel Evaluation Based on Neurophysiology: An Event-Related Potential Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Yue Jing , Zhang Yue , Wang Guohe
Published: November 2015

Fabric hand-feel is an important indicator of textile comprehensive evaluation. In the past century, many
achievements have been made in characterization and evaluation of fabric hand-feel. With the development of experimental
methods, the electrophysiological technique was used in exploring the formation mechanism and cognitive principle
of fabric hand-feel. In this paper, event-related potential (ERP) technique was used in revealing the difference of handfeel
between polyester and silk. The exogenous component P2 showed that polyester caused more excitability in human
brain. However, the endogenous component P3 indicated that silk caused more soft and comfortable feelings. Even more
amazingly, touching fabrics caused significant activation of the visual cortex from the Brain Electrical Activity Mapping
(BEAM), and it is also shown that the potential distribution evoked by grasping silk is wider than the polyester’s. All the
experiment results show that potential variation of the cerebral cortex is closely related to perceptual cognition and process.
All the above findings show that event-related potential technique is feasible and effective in detecting the differences
of tactile cognition, and it provides objective evidence from neurophysiologic in fabric hand-feel research.
MSHE-PWM Control of Modular Multilevel Direct Current Transmission System
Authors: Xin-xin HU , Chun-lan Chen
Published: November 2015

In order to optimize the electric energy quality of HVDC access point, a modular multilevel selective harmonic
elimination pulse-width modulation (MSHE-PWM) method is proposed. On the basis of keeping the minimum action frequency
of the power device, MSHE-PWM method can meet the requirement for accurately eliminating low-order harmonics
in the output PWM waveform. Firstly, establish the basic mathematical model of MMC topology and point out the
voltage balance control principle of single modules; then, analyze offline gaining principle and realization way of MSHEPWM
switching angle; finally, verify MSHE-PWM control performance on the basis of MMC reactive power compensation
experimental prototype. The experimental result shows that the proposed MSHE-PWM method can meet such performance
indexes as low switching frequency and no lower-order harmonics, and has verified the feasibility and effectiveness
thereof for optimizing the electric energy quality of HVDC access point.
Safety Evaluation of Urban Large Scale Sewage Treatment Plant
Authors: Ping Gao , Luyan Zhang , Gui Fu
Published: November 2015

In recent years, accidents of urban large scale sewage treatment plant at home and abroad have took a big loss
to countries and individuals. Based on field research and scientific analysis of one large sewage treatment plant this paper
use the safety check list to evaluate its safety and get that the main risk factors which should be focused on are poisoning
and suffocation, electrical injuries, fire and explosion. Using accident tree method to analyze electrical equipment
accidents we know that in order to prevent electric shock accident first is to use the safety equipment and control leakage
events due to dirty and wet.
Physical Model Test Study of the Relationship Between Loess Landslide and Rainfall
Authors: Han Jiaming
Published: November 2015

Launching research has important theoretical and practical value on model test study of the relationship between
loess landslide and rainfall. According to the monitoring data of model test of loess slope, formula expression of
safety factor has been fitted on landslide. Firstly, the loess slope damage process was monitored at different rainfall intensity,
rainfall duration through rainfall landslide model tests. Secondly, some parameters were determined by laboratory
tests, such as loess unit weight, moisture content, shear strength. Thirdly, the relational expression was fitted between
moisture and rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, cohesion, internal friction angle, unit weight. Finally, moisture content
being an intermediate variable, the expression was got between landslide safety factor and rainfall intensity, rainfall duration.
Mechanical Properties of Manufactured-Sand Concrete after High Temperatures
Authors: Chen Zhengfa , Zhu Hehua , Yan Zhiguo , Peng Gaojv
Published: November 2015

In this paper, to study mechanical properties of manufactured-sand concrete after high temperatures, experiments
on the residual strength of manufactured-sand concrete were carried out under high temperatures in which raw materials
performances and concrete mixture proportion were considered. The mechanism of elevated temperatures on residual
strength was theoretically discussed, and the calculation formula of residual strength was given. The results indicated
that with the increasing of temperature, the mass loss was small while the reducing of strength and the elastic modulus of
manufactured-sand concrete were significantly.
Research on Geophone Array Method and Forward and Inversion Algorithm in Micro-seismic Positioning and Monitoring System
Authors: Zhang Faquan , Yang Xiaozhe , Wang Pengfei , Ye Jincai , Wang Guofu
Published: November 2015

In order to make the seismic positioning and monitoring system work more effectively, this paper designs four
kinds of geophone array methods. By establishing complex geological model and using micro-grid ray tracing, the process
that the signal starts from the source location to the seismic geophone arrays is simulated in forward algorithm. In condition
of random disturbance, the source location is retrieved by means of inversion algorithm fulfilled by neural network
algorithm and genetic algorithm. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the result and comparison with the true location,
the characteristics of every geophone array method are presented. The paper also discusses proper number of geophones
in the every array method. Results show that the most accurate, reasonable and effective array method can be selected and
the forward and inversion algorithm is also effective.
Quality of life of elderly people living in a retirement home
Authors: Cankovic Sonja , Nikolic-Ac Erzebet , Jovanovic Mijatovic , Kvrgic Svetlana , Harhaji Sanja , Radic Ivana
Published: November 2015

Background/Aim. The World Health Organization (WHO) identified four broad
domains as being universally relevant to the quality of life, namely
physical, and psychological health, social relationships, and environment.
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between sociodemographic
characteristics and quality of life of old people. Methods. The World Health
Organization Quality of Life BREF questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to
assess quality of life on a random sample of 200 people aged 60 years and
over who lived in the Retirement Home in Novi Sad. Items within the
questionnaire were organized into four domains: physical, psychological,
social relationships and environment. Results. The majority of the
participants were women (69.8%). The mean age was 79.2 years (SD = 6.6
years). Most of them were widowed (73.4%). More than two thirds of
participants (68.8%) reported that they were ill at that moment and almost
half of them (48.8%) had cardiovascular, 18.5% musculoskeletal, 9.6%
endocrine and 5.9% neurological disease. In the social relations domain
scores were lower in males (t = 2.4; p = 0.017). Scores of other domains did
not differ significantly with regard to the age, educational level and the
marital status of the participants. Participants who reported the presence of
a disease had significantly lower mean scores of physical, psychological and
environment domain. Conclusion. The presence of disease is a relevant factor
for quality of life, whereas age, education and marital status do not reflect
on physical health, psychological and environmental domain of quality of
life.
Vacuum-assisted wound closure in vascular surgery - clinical and cost benefits in a developing country
Authors: Koncar Igor , Cvetkovic Slobodan , Dragas Marko , Pejkic Sinisa , Lazovic Goran , Banzic Igor , Zuvela Marinko , Markovic Miroslav , Davidovic Lazar
Published: November 2015

Background/Aim. Surgical and chronic wounds in vascular patients might
contribute to limb loss and death. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) - Kinetic
Concepts, Inc. (KCI), has been increasingly used in Western Europe and the
USA clinical practice for 15 years. Advantages of this method are faster
wound healing, wound approximation, lower wound related treatment costs and
improved quality of life during treatment. Evidence related to the usage of
VAC therapy in vascular patients and cost effectiveness of VAC therapy in a
developing country are lacking. The aim of this study was to explore results
of VAC therapy in vascular surgery comparing to conventional methods and to
test cost effects in a developing country like Serbia. Methods. All patients
with wound infection or dehiscence operated at the tertiary vascular
university clinic in the period from January 2011 - January 2012, were
treated with VAC therapy. The primary endpoint was wound closure, while
secondary endpoints were hospital stay, the number of weekly dressings, costs
of wound care, working time of medical personnel. The patients were divided
into groups according to the wound type and location: wound with exposed
synthetic vascular implant (25%), laparotomy (13%), foot amputation (29%),
major limb amputation (21%), fasciotomy (13%). The results of primary and
secondary endpoint were compared with the results of conventional treatment
during the previous year. Results. There was one death (1/42, 2.38%) and one
limb loss (1/12, 2.38%) in the VAC group, and 8 deaths (8/38, 21.05%) and 5
(5/38, 13.15%) limb losses in the patients treated with conventional therapy.
In the VAC group there was one groin bleeding (1/12, 2.38%), one groin
reinfection (1/12, 2.38%) and one resistance to therapy with a consequent
limb loss. Costs of hospital stay (p < 0.001) and nursing time (p < 0.001)
were reduced with VAC therapy in the group with exposed graft. Conclusion.
VAC therapy is the effective method for care of complicated wounds in
vascular surgery. Patients with infection of wound with the exposed synthetic
graft significantly benefit form this therapy. Cost effectiveness of VAC
therapy is applicable to a developing country scenario, however cautious
selection of patients contributes to the effectiveness.
Marketing communication in the area of breast and cervical cancer prevention
Authors: Cvijovic Jelena , Kostic-Stankovic Milica , Krstic Goran , Stojanovic Ljupce
Published: November 2015

Background/Aim. Innovative marketing campaigns and promotional activities can
successfully contribute to the improvement of public health by raising the
level of general knowledge about health issues and benefits that the change
of habits, eradication of undesirable behaviour and regular medical controls
have. The focus should be on continuous marketing communication through
various mass media or direct communication between medical staff and
patients. The aim of this paper was to define the role that various
communication channels have in the process of informing and educating the
target group in case of breast and cervical cancer prevention. Methods. The
survey based on polling a sample of 2,100 female patients of the Serbian
Railways Medical Centre was conducted in the period October-December 2013.
The questionnaire included questions about demographic characteristics,
prevention habits of women, their level of information on that topic and
communication channels they prefer. Results. There is a difference among
respondents? awareness level about preventive measures depending on
demographic and geographical criteria. The results indicate the existence of
variations in frequency of performing gynaecological examinations and Pap
tests depending on different age, educational and residential groups.
Although the largest percentage of women stated familiarity with the way of
performing breast self-examination (78%), the majority of them had never
per-formed mammography or ultrasonography (67%). The greatest number of women
were informed about the possibility of preventing breast and cervical cancer
by posters or brochures in health institutions (71%) and mass media -
television on the first place (74%), then specialized magazines about health
(48%), radio (48%), web sites about health (42%), and daily newspapers (34%).
The respondents consider the Ministry of Health and health institutions as
the most responsible subjects for education of women about cancer prevention,
while the self-initiative was given the least importance. Conclusion.
Determined informing habits of the target group, their prevention habits and
attitudes on the subject should be used as the basis for planning and
implementation of prevention marketing campaigns that would be the most
effective.
Antimicrobial susceptibility and β-lactamase production in Bacillus cereus isolates from stool of patients, food and environment samples
Authors: Savic Dejana , Miljkovic-Selimovic Biljana , Lepsanovic Zorica , Tambur Zoran , Konstantinovic Sonja , Stankovic Nemanja , Ristanovic Elizabeta
Published: November 2015

Background/Aim. Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) usually ingested by food can
cause two types of diseases: vomiting due to the presence of emetic toxin and
diarrheal syndrome, due to the presence of diarrheal toxins. Systemic
manifestations can also occur. The severe forms of disease demand antibiotic
treatmant. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in
antibiotic susceptibility and ?-lactamase activity of B. cereus isolates from
stools of humans, food and environment. Methods. Identification of B. cereus
was performed with selective medium, classical biochemical test and
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific for bal gene. Thirty
isolates from each group were analysed for antibiotic susceptibility using
the disk-diffusion assay. Production of ?-lactamase was determined by
cefinase test, and double-disc method. Results. All strains identified as B.
cereus using classical biochemical test, yielded 533 bp fragment with PCR.
Isolates from all the three groups were susceptible to imipenem, vancomycin,
and erythromycin. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin but one from
the environment. A statistically significant difference between the groups
was confirmed to tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole sensitivity.
A total of 28/30 (93.33%) samples from the foods and 25/30 (83.33%) samples
from environment were approved sensitive to tetracycline, while 10/30
(33.33%) isolates from stools were sensitive. Opposite to this result, high
susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was shown in samples from
stools (100%), while isolates from foods (63.33%) and from environment (70%)
had low susceptibility. All samples produced ?-lactamases. Conclusion. The
strains of B. cereus from all the three groups showed high rate of
sensitivity to most tested antibiotics, except to tetracycline in samples
from human stool and to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in samples from food
and environment. The production of ?-lactamases was confirmed in all the
strains.
Consequences of Comorbidity of Elevated Stress and/or Depressive Symptoms and Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes in Diabetes: Results From the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
Authors: Cummings Doyle M. , Kirian Kari , Howard George , Howard Virginia , Yuan Ya , Muntner Paul , Kissela Brett , Redmond Nicole , Judd Suzanne E. , Safford Monika M.
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of comorbid depressive symptoms and/or stress on adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in individuals with diabetes compared with those without diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Investigators examined the relationship between baseline depressive symptoms and/or stress in adults with and without diabetes and physician-adjudicated incident CV outcomes including stroke, myocardial infarction/acute coronary heart disease, and CV death over a median follow-up of 5.95 years in the national REGARDS cohort study.

RESULTS

Subjects included 22,003 adults (4,090 with diabetes) (mean age 64 years, 58% female, 42% black, and 56% living in the southeastern “Stroke Belt”). Elevated stress and/or depressive symptoms were more common in subjects with diabetes (36.8% vs. 29.5%; P < 0.001). In fully adjusted models, reporting either elevated stress or depressive symptoms was associated with a significantly increased incidence of stroke (HR 1.57 [95% CI 1.05, 2.33] vs. 1.01 [0.79, 1.30]) and CV death (1.53 [1.08, 2.17] vs. 1.12 [0.90, 1.38]) in subjects with diabetes but not in those without diabetes. The combination of both elevated stress and depressive symptoms in subjects with diabetes was associated with a higher incidence of CV death (2.15 [1.33, 3.47]) than either behavioral comorbidity alone (1.53 [1.08, 2.17]) and higher than in those with both elevated stress and depressive symptoms but without diabetes (1.27 [0.86, 1.88]).

CONCLUSIONS

Comorbid stress and/or depressive symptoms are common in individuals with diabetes and together are associated with progressively increased risks for adverse CV outcomes.