bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing Effects of Environment on Eddy-Covariance Flux Estimates at a Temperate Sedge-Grass Marsh
Authors: Kivalov Sergey N. , Dušek Jiří , Czerný Radek , Jocher Georg , Pavelka Marian , Fitzjarrald David R. , Dařenová Eva , Šigut Ladislav , Kowalska Natalia
Published: January 2023

We examined the net-ecosystem-exchange (NEE)-based annual carbon-balance estimates obtained from eddy-covariance (EC) measurements at an unmanaged sedge-grass marsh ecosystem (Třeboň, Czech Republic, 49°1′ N, 14°46′ E), seeking methods to improve the EC measurements in inhomogeneous environment. The data filtering procedure was developed using three thresholds: (a) a stationarity test; (b) a stability$${u}_{*}$$u∗-threshold; and (c) a high relative humidityRH-threshold. This procedure was tested in 2014, a year without significant floods and drought events led to a stable water table, reducing the effect of soil respiration on the EC measurements. Estimates of annual carbon-balance were reduced from 182 to 234 ± 12 gC m−2 year−1for the initial data to 39–44 ± 8 gC m−2 year−1after the$$RH$$RH≤ 95% filtering and to 24–26 ± 7 gC m−2 year−1after the further$${u}_{*}$$u∗≥ 0.1 m s−1filtering. Applying the precipitation/fog threshold reduced this balance to 10–12 ± 7 gC m−2 year−1, closer to carbon neutrality. Up to 9.5% of this identified shift occurred during apparent nocturnal downslope katabatic drainage flows or plume descent coming from the nearby town of Třeboň. High-RHconditions account for up to 27% of this shift. Moreover, both conditions together account for an additional 67% of the identified carbon-balance change. Removing these non-ecosystem-related processes brings EC measurements closer to values of an unmanaged-ecosystem productivity, providing a better NEE-based estimate for the net ecosystem production. The presented procedure is applicable to EC measurements conducted at different wetlands or terrestrial ecosystems with similar conditions.
An Elastic Quartic Twist Theory for Chromonic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Paparini Silvia , Virga Epifanio G.
Published: January 2023

Chromonic liquid crystals are lyotropic materials which are attracting growing interest for their adaptability to living systems. To describe their elastic properties, the classical Oseen-Frank theory requires anomalously small twist constants and (comparatively) large saddle-splay constants, so large as to violate one of Ericksen’s inequalities, which guarantee that the Oseen-Frank stored-energy density is bounded below. While such a violation does not prevent the existence and stability of equilibrium distortions in problems with fixed geometric confinement, the study of free-boundary problems for droplets has revealed a number of paradoxical consequences. Minimizing sequences driving the total energy to negative infinity have been constructed by employing ever growing needle-shaped tactoids incorporating a diverging twist (Paparini and Virga in Phys. Rev. E 106: 044703, 2022). To overcome these difficulties, we propose here a novel elastic theory that extends for chromonics the classical Oseen-Frank stored energy by adding a quartic twist term. We show that the total energy of droplets is bounded below in the quartic twist theory, so that the known paradoxes are ruled out. The quartic term introduces a phenomenological length "Equation missing" in the theory; this affects the equilibrium of chromonics confined within capillary tubes. Use of published experimental data allows us to estimate "Equation missing".
Effects of the invasive aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1853) on ecosystem properties and services
Authors: Alonso Álvaro , Collado Gonzalo A. , Gérard Claudia , Levri Edward P. , Salvador Rodrigo B. , Castro-Díez Pilar
Published: January 2023

Ecosystems provide benefits to humans, including provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. However, invasive species can threaten ecosystem well-functioning and services provided. One invasive species with such potential is the New Zealand mud snail (NZMS) Potamopyrgus antipodarum. The aims of this study are focused on the quantitative review of (1) the NZMS impacts on ecosystem properties and their direct links with ecosystem services, and (2) the ecosystem services that can be affected by the NZMS. The high density reached by this species in most of the invaded ecosystems and its highly competitive ability affect ecosystem structure and functioning. However, some facilitation processes on native species may result in an improvement of some services. The NZMS tends to positively affect cultural services (88% positive cases) but negatively to provisioning services (77% of cases). Regarding, regulating and maintenance services, the proportions of positive and negative effects were similar (45% vs 36%, respectively). Therefore, the NZMS is a species with numerous negative impacts on ecosystem services. However, ecosystem services related to health (e.g., dilution effect against parasites) and research (e.g., biomonitoring) are cultural services that the NZMS can improve. No economic assessment of the impacts of the NZMS is available in the literature.
Children Immunization App (CIMA): A Non-randomized Controlled Trial Among Syrian Refugees in Zaatari Camp, Jordan
Authors: El-Halabi Soha , Khader Yousef S. , Khdeir Mohammad Abu , Hanson Claudia , Alfvén Tobias , El-Khatib Ziad
Published: January 2023

Approximately 20 million children are not vaccinated, especially among refugees. There is a growing access to smartphones, among refugees, which can help in improving their vaccination. We assessed the impact of an app for the vaccination follow-up visit among refugees in Jordan. We developed an app and tested it through a non-randomized trial at the Zaatari refugees camp in Jordan. The study was conducted during March – December 2019 at three vaccination clinics inside the camp. The study included two study groups (intervention and control groups) for refugees living at the camp. The intervention group included parents who own an Android smartphone and have one newborn that require between one and four first vaccination doses and they accepted to participate in the study, during their regular visit to the vaccination clinics. The control group was for the usual care. We compared both study groups for returning back to one follow-up visit, using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. We recruited 936 babies (n = 471; 50.3% in the intervention group, both study groups were similar at baseline). The majority of mothers were literate (94.2%) with a median age of 24. The majority of the babies had a vaccination card (n = 878, 94%). One quarter (26%) of mother-babies pairs of the intervention group came back within one week (versus 22% for control group); When it comes to lost-follow-up, 22% and 28% did not have a history of returning back (intervention and control groups respectively, p = 0.06) (Relative risk reduction: 19%). The Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis showed a statistically significant progressive reduction in the duration of coming back late for the follow-up vaccine visit. We tested a vaccination app for the first time, in a refugee population setting. The app can be used as a reminder for parents to come back on time for their children’s vaccine follow-up visits.
The Logic of Framing Effects
Authors: Berto Francesco , Özgün Aybüke
Published: January 2023

Framing effectsconcern the having of different attitudes towards logically or necessarily equivalent contents. Framing is of crucial importance for cognitive science, behavioral economics, decision theory, and the social sciences at large. We model a typical kind of framing, grounded in (i) the structural distinction between beliefs activated in working memory and beliefs left inactive in long term memory, and (ii) the topic- or subject matter-sensitivity of belief: a feature of propositional attitudes which is attracting growing research attention. We introduce a class of models featuring (i) and (ii) to represent, and reason about, agents whose belief states can be subject to framing effects. We axiomatize a logic which we prove to be sound and complete with respect to the class.
The possibility of undistinguishedness
Authors: Gustafsson Johan E.
Published: January 2023

It is natural to assume that every value bearer must be good, bad, or neutral. This paper argues that this assumption is false if value incomparability is possible. More precisely, if value incommensurability is possible, then there is a fourth category of absolute value, in addition to the good, the bad, and the neutral.
Monochromatic Two-Fluid Alfvén Waves in the Partially Ionised Solar Chromosphere
Authors: Kraskiewicz J. , Murawski K. , Zhang F. , Poedts S.
Published: January 2023

We present new results towards the explanation of the chromospheric-heating problem and the solar-wind origin, using a two-fluid model that takes into account the collisional interaction between ions (protons) and neutrals (hydrogen atoms). Our aim is to further reveal the mechanism behind chromospheric heating and plasma outflows. We simulate and analyse the propagation and evolution of Alfvén waves in the partially ionised solar chromosphere, consisting of ions + electrons and neutral fluids. The simplified model chromosphere is permeated by a vertical, uniform magnetic field. We perform numerical simulations in the framework of a quasi-1.5-dimensional (1.5D), two-fluid model in which Alfvén waves are excited by a harmonic driver in the transverse component of the ion and neutral velocities, operating in the chromosphere. In the case of a small-amplitude driver, Alfvén waves are weakly damped, and for the chosen wave periods of a few seconds, Alfvén waves manage to propagate through the chromosphere and enter the solar corona. Non-linear Alfvén waves excited by a large-amplitude driver cause significant chromospheric heating and plasma outflows. We thus conclude that two-fluid Alfvén waves with larger amplitudes can contribute to chromospheric heating and plasma outflows, which may result higher up in the solar-wind origin.
Kinetic characterization of a new phenol degrading Acinetobacter towneri strain isolated from landfill leachate treating bioreactor
Authors: Szilveszter Szabolcs , Fikó Dezső-Róbert , Máthé István , Felföldi Tamás , Ráduly Botond
Published: January 2023

The objective of this study was to establish and to mathematically describe the phenol degrading properties of a new Acinetobacter towneri CFII-87 strain, isolated from a bioreactor treating landfill leachate. For this purpose, the biokinetic parameters of phenol biodegradation at various initial phenol concentrations of the A. towneri CFII-87 strain have been experimentally measured, and four different mathematical inhibition models (Haldane, Yano, Aiba and Edwards models) have been used to simulate the substrate-inhibited phenol degradation process. The results of the batch biodegradation experiments show that the new A. towneri CFII-87 strain grows on and metabolizes phenol up to 1000 mg/L concentration, manifests significant substrate inhibition and lag time only at concentrations above 800 mg/L phenol, and has a maximum growth rate at 300 mg/L initial phenol concentration. The comparison of the model predictions with the experimental phenol and biomass data revealed that the Haldane, Aiba and Edwards models can be used with success to describe the phenol biodegradation process by A. towneri CFII-87, while the Yano model, especially at higher initial phenol concentrations, fails to describe the process. The best performing inhibition model was the Edwards model, presenting correlation coefficients of R2 > 0.98 and modelling efficiency of ME > 0.94 for the prediction of biomass and phenol concentrations on the validation datasets. The calculated biokinetic model parameters place this new strain among the bacteria with the highest tolerance towards phenol. The results suggest that the A. towneri CFII-87 strain can potentially be used in the treatment of phenolic wastewaters.
Histone methylation in pre-cancerous liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma: recent overview
Authors: Charidemou Evelina , Koufaris Costas , Louca Maria , Kirmizis Antonis , Rubio-Tomás Teresa
Published: January 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the prevalent form of liver cancer in adults and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. HCC predominantly arises in the context of cirrhosis as a result of chronic liver disease, injury and inflammation. Full-blown HCC has poor prognosis because it is highly aggressive and resistant to therapy. Consequently, interventions that can prevent or restrain HCC emergence from pre-cancerous diseased liver are a desirable strategy. Histone methylation is a dynamic, reversible epigenetic modification involving the addition or removal of methyl groups from lysine, arginine or glutamine residues. Aberrant activity of histone methylation writers, erases and readers has been implicated in several cancer types, including HCC. In this review, we provide an overview of research on the role of histone methylation in pre-cancerous and cancerous HCC published over the last 5 years. In particular, we present the evidence linking environmental factors such as diet, viral infections and carcinogenic agents with dysregulation of histone methylation during liver cancer progression with the aim to highlight future therapeutic possibilities.
Unemployment Hysteresis by Sex and Education Attainment in the EU
Authors: Cuestas Juan Carlos , Gil-Alana Luis
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we analyse the degree of persistence of shocks in unemployment rates for a group of 22 European countries, disaggregating the data by sex and education attainment. By means of using a long-memory model with fractional integration techniques, we find high levels of persistence in the majority of the cases with orders of integration which are around 1. Also, we find that women and those with higher education are the ones which shocks tend to have less lasting effects since they refer to the series with the lowest orders of integration, in some cases being significantly below 1 and thus showing mean reversion. Policy implications are derived from our analysis.
Comparative effects of mineral fertilizer and digestate on growth, antioxidant system, and physiology of lettuce under salt stress
Authors: Li Faqinwei , Yuan Yongheng , Gong Pengxuan , Imazumi Yoshiaki , Na Risu , Shimizu Naoto
Published: January 2023

Salt stress in plants presents a major challenge to future agricultural production. Digestate has various effects on plant growth, but little information is available on its effects on the antioxidant system and physiological characteristics of lettuce under salt stress. In this study, the impacts of mineral fertilizer and digestate application on edible parts of lettuce were compared under three salinities. Experimental treatments comprised application of two types of fertilizer (mineral fertilizer and digestate) and three NaCl concentrations (0, 3, and 7.5 dS m− 1). High NaCl concentrations resulted in significantly lower photosynthesis, growth, and physiological indices compared with those under no NaCl addition. However, under the 7.5 dS m− 1 NaCl condition, digestate application (DA) increased the fresh weight (42%), dry weight (27%), photosynthetic pigment contents and photosynthesis (20%) of lettuce compared with that under mineral fertilizer application (MFA). Accumulation of reactive oxygen species was markedly lower, and the membrane stability index was therefore higher, under DA compared with under MFA within the same salinity level. Lipid peroxidation was lower under DA compared with under MFA in all salinity treatments. Salt stress up-regulated the antioxidant system and DA further increased the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capability compared with that under MFA. In addition, the total water use was lower and water-related indices, such as water use efficiency of fresh weight, water use efficiency of dry weight and relative water content, were higher under DA compared with under MFA. The application of digestate instead of mineral fertilizer could be a promising practice to alleviate the negative impact of salt stress on the productivity and physiological characteristics of lettuce plants.
3D Minimum Channel Width Distribution in a Ni-Base Superalloy
Authors: Müller Moritz , Böttger Bernd , Schleifer Felix , Fleck Michael , Glatzel Uwe
Published: January 2023

The strength of a Ni-base superalloy depends strongly on its microstructure consisting of cuboidal$${\gamma }^{^{\prime}}$$γ′precipitates surrounded by narrow channels of$$\gamma $$γmatrix. According to the theory of Orowan, a moving dislocation has to crimp through the minimal inter-precipitate spacing to admit the plastic deformation. We present a novel approach to evaluate the matrix channel width distribution of a matrix/$${\gamma }^{^{\prime}}$$γ′microstructure in binary representation. Our method relies on precise determination of the matrix/precipitate interfaces and requires no additional user input. For each matrix channel between two neighboring precipitates, we identify the minimal interface to interface distance vector with its length being the channel width. The performance of this method is demonstrated on the example of the commercial alloy CSMX-4. We show that, in contrast to conventional line sectioning approaches, the approach consistently handles experimental 2D micrographs and 3D phase-field simulation data. The identified distance vectors correlate to the underlying crystal symmetry independent of the image orientation. The obtained channel width distributions compare well between the 2D and 3D data. This is in terms of similar median and$$\sigma $$σof a log-normal distribution. The presented method overcomes limitations of the conventional line slicing approaches and provides a versatile tool for automated microstructure characterization.
Laser Cladding With Combined NIR and Blue Diode Laser Including In-Line Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Schmidt Malte , Köhler Robert , Gerhard Christoph , Partes Knut
Published: January 2023

For Directed Energy Deposition processes (DED) lasers in the near infrared (NIR) as well as in the infrared (IR) range are predominantly used. Recent developments have also made high-power lasers in the visible spectrum available. As the DED process is used for cladding of surfaces, repairing and additive manufacturing of components, process monitoring and control methods are necessary to ensure a consistent manufacturing quality. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of the process radiation can provide information on process conditions and the deposition layer during DED processes. However, DED processes are in the heat conduction regime and superimposed broad spectral emissions dominate the wavelength specific signals. The object of this work is to compare the process behavior using a NIR and blue diode laser separately as well as in combination. The influence of the laser wavelength on the cladding result as well as on the emitted process radiation is to be determined. Therefore, single tracks of Co-based powder (MetcoClad21) were clad on an S235 base material by using each laser source separately as well as in combination. Both laser beams were combined within a single hybrid optic. While the scan speed and powder feed rate remained constant, the laser power was varied. Single spectra have been recorded from the process using a spectrometer. Single spectra are sorted and element lines were identified. Only non-ionised elements could be detected, with chromium appearing frequently. It was shown that comparable results in terms of cladding quality can be produced independently from the laser wavelength. In fact, less laser power (app. 30% less, 1 kW at 980 nm (NIR) compared to 0.7 kW at 450 nm (blue)) was needed aiming for comparable results in geometrical factors (as dilution, height, depth, width) and homogeneity (chemical composition distribution) by using blue laser irradiation. Furthermore, more spectrometric signals (approx. 2–28 times more) were detected compared to experiments using only NIR irradiation with the same laser power. This effect is particularly high at low laser powers and decreases with increasing power. Hence, it is possible to enable in-line process analysis by adding blue laser irradiation to the mix of the beam.
A robust membrane with dual superlyophobicity for solving water-caused lubricant deterioration and water contamination
Authors: Zhao Siyang , Xu Chenggong , Zhang Jiaxu , Liang Yongmin , Liu Weimin , Huang Jinxia , Guo Zhiguang
Published: January 2023

Lubricants are often contaminated by water in different ways. Water-polluted lubricants extremely accelerate wear corrosion, leading to the deterioration of lubricity performance. Recently, multiphase media superwettability has been developed to endow one surface with compatible functions, such as on-demand separation of oily wastewater. However, realizing the robustness of the dual superlyophobic surface to solve water-caused lubricant deterioration and water contamination as needed remains challenges. Herein, a robust dual superlyophobic membrane is presented to realize on-demand separation for various lubricant—water emulsions. Compared to pure lubricants, the purified lubricants have equivalent tribology performance, which are much better than that of water-polluted lubricants. The as-prepared membrane maintains dual superlyophobicity, high-efficient for water or lubricant purification, and excellent tribology performance of the purified lubricant, even after immersion in hot liquids for 24 h, multicycle separation, and sandpaper abrasion for 50 cycles. Water-polluted lubricant extremely accelerates wear corrosion to promote catalytic dehydrogenation of lubricants, generating too much harmful carbon-based debris. This work shows great guiding significance for recovering the tribology performance of water-polluted lubricants and purifying water by the dual superlyophobic membrane.
A combined experimental and analytical method to determine the EHL friction force distribution between rollers and outer raceway in a cylindrical roller bearing
Authors: Hou Yu , Wang Xi , Yang Di , Xiao Zeliang
Published: January 2023

Friction force is a crucial factor causing power loss and fatigue spalling of rolling element bearings. A combined experimental and analytical method is proposed to quantitatively determine the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) friction force distribution between rollers and outer raceway in a cylindrical roller bearing (CRB). An experimental system with the instrumented bearing and housing was developed for measuring radial load distribution and friction torque of bearings. A simplified model of friction force expressed by dimensionless speed, load, and material parameters was given. An inequality constrained optimization problem was established and solved by using an experimental data-driven learning algorithm for determining the uncertain parameters in the model. The effect of speed, load, and lubricant property on friction force and friction coefficient was discussed.
The legal relevance of a minor patient’s wish to die: a temporality-related exploration of end-of-life decisions in pediatric care
Authors: Dorscheidt Jozef H. H. M.
Published: January 2023

Decisions regarding the end-of-life of minor patients are amongst the most difficult areas of decision-making in pediatric health care. In this field of medicine, such decisions inevitably occur early in human life, which makes one aware of the fact that any life—young or old—cannot escape its temporal nature. Belgium and the Netherlands have adopted domestic regulations, which conditionally permit euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in minors who experience hopeless and unbearable suffering. One of these conditions states that the minor involved must be legally competent and able to express an authentic and lasting wish to die. This contribution is different from other legal texts on end-of-life decisions in modern health care. Foremost, it deals with the role time-bound components play in our views on the permissibility of such decisions with regard to minor patients. While other disciplines provide profound reflections on this issue, from a legal point of view this side has hardly been explored, let alone examined with regard to its relevance for the legal permissibility of end-of-life decisions in pediatrics. Therefore, the manuscript inquires whether there are legal lessons to be learned if we look more closely to temporality-related aspects of these end-of-life decisions, particularly in connection to a minor patient’s assumable ability to choose death over an agonizing existence.
Factors determining community structure of metazoan parasites from brown-spotted grouper, Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828) in Southern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Mousa , Alghamdi Tariq Saeed
Published: January 2023

Several factors influence the structure of parasite communities, which are important components of the biodiversity of various ecosystems. Some of these factors may be related to the environment and/or to the host. The present study evaluated the influence of host size and season on the structure of the metazoan parasite community of the brown-spotted grouper, Epinephelus chlorostigma. One hundred thirty-two fish were collected between March 2018 to February 2019 from the Red Sea, Saudi coast, Southern Saudi Arabia. Eight parasite species were recorded: one copepod (Sarcotaces sp.), one isopod (Argathona rhinoceros), two monogeneans (Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli and Megalocotyloides epinepheli), three digeneans (Prosorhynchus epinepheli, Helicometrina nimia, and Erilepturus hamati), and one nematode (Cucullanus epinepheli). The overall prevalence was 43.2% Digeneans were the most frequent parasite species and represented (50.55%) followed by monogeneans (45.05%), crustacean (3.42%), and nematode (0.98%) of the total individual parasites collected from 57 infected fish. Parasite community structure and species composition varied significantly among host size. Positive associations were found between infection parameters of parasite species and host size. Our results suggest that parasite infection parameters were affected by host size and season. Further long-term research is required to conclude the factors determining the structuring of the parasite community of E. chlorostigma.
Leading the Charge on Digital Regulation: The More, the Better, or Policy Bubble?
Authors: Codagnone Cristiano , Weigl Linda
Published: January 2023

For about a decade, the concept of ‘digital sovereignty’ has been prominent in the European policy discourse. In the quest for digital sovereignty, the European Union has adopted a constitutional approach to protect fundamental rights and democratic values, and to ensure fair and competitive digital markets. Thus, ‘digital constitutionalism’ emerged as a twin discourse. A corollary of these discourses is a third phenomenon resulting from a regulatory externalisation of European law beyond the bloc’s borders, the so-called ‘Brussels Effect’. The dynamics arising from Europe’s digital policy and regulatory activism imply increasing legal complexities. This paper argues that this phenomenon in policy-making is a case of a positive ‘policy bubble’ characterised by an oversupply of policies and legislative acts. The phenomenon can be explained by the amplification of values in the framing of digital policy issues. To unpack the policy frames and values at stake, this paper provides an overview of the digital policy landscape, followed by a critical assessment to showcase the practical implications of positive policy bubbles.
How temperature affects biochar properties for application in coal mine spoils? A meta-analysis
Authors: Roshan Akash , Ghosh Dipita , Maiti Subodh Kumar
Published: January 2023

Biochar application in agricultural and metal mines has been studied widely; however, very few studies have been conducted on its application as an amendment for the restoration of coal mine degraded land. Thus, for the application of biochar for coal mine spoil restoration, the best pyrolysis temperature profile needs to be established. Biochar produced at different pyrolysis temperatures has distinct physio-chemical and nutritive properties, which impact its performance when applied as an amendment. The objective of the current study is to conduct a meta-analysis on the pyrolysis temperature and summarize the results using forest plots. The current study quantifies the effect of pyrolysis temperature on biochar production and its optimum nutritional properties. Based on pyrolysis temperature, biochar has to be categorized into low (< 450 °C), moderate (450–550 °C) and high-temperature biochar (> 550 °C). The pH range of biochar was 6.6–12.3 for high pyrolysis temperature and 5.8–11.1 for medium pyrolysis temperature. However, cation exchange capacity was in the range of 3.18–187 m mol kg− 1 for high pyrolysis temperature. For medium and low, the range was 4.63-210 m mol kg− 1 and 23.6–228 m mol kg− 1, respectively. Similarly, at low pyrolysis temperature, the organic content was 14.3–88%, while it was 4.7–60% and 11.2–86.2% for high and medium. Also, the nutrient contents such as Ca, Fe, Mg, and K were high at moderate temperature conditions. The study concluded that low to moderate pyrolysis temperature was best suited for coal mine spoil restoration.

Graphical Abstract
Bizet's Carmen Uncovered
Authors: Langham Smith Richard
Published: January 2023

Bizet's Carmen Uncovered exposes the myths and stereotypes that so often surround this much loved opera by exploring its first staging, and the particularly Spanish contexts in which the opera was conceived, written, and staged.
High-power 1560 nm single-frequency erbium fiber amplifier core-pumped at 1480 nm
Authors: Cheng Xin , Lin Zhiquan , Yang Xuezong , Cui Shuizhen , Zeng Xin , Jiang Huawei , Feng Yan
Published: January 2023

High-power continuous-wave single-frequency Er-doped fiber amplifiers at 1560 nm by in-band and core pumping of a 1480 nm Raman fiber laser are investigated in detail. Both co- and counter-pumping configurations are studied experimentally. Up to 59.1 W output and 90% efficiency were obtained in the fundamental mode and linear polarization in the co-pumped case, while less power and efficiency were achieved in the counter-pumped setup for additional loss. The amplifier performs indistinguishably in terms of laser linewidth and relative intensity noise in the frequency range up to 10 MHz for both configurations. However, the spectral pedestal is raised in co-pumping, caused by cross-phase modulation between the pump and signal laser, which is observed and analyzed for the first time. Nevertheless, the spectral pedestal is 34.9 dB below the peak, which has a negligible effect for most applications.
Stabilization of a multi-frequency open cavity flow with gradient-enriched machine learning control
Authors: Cornejo Maceda Guy Y. , Varon Eliott , Lusseyran François , Noack Bernd R.
Published: January 2023

We stabilize an open cavity flow experiment to 1 % of its original fluctuation level. For the first time, a multi-modal feedback control is automatically learned for this configuration. The key enabler is automatic in situ optimization of control laws with machine learning augmented by a gradient descent algorithm, named gradient-enriched machine learning control (Cornejo Maceda et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 917, 2021, A42, gMLC). The physical interpretation of the feedback mechanism is assisted by a novel cluster-based control law visualization for the flow dynamics and corresponding actuation commands. Starting points of the control experiment are two unforced open cavity benchmark configurations: a narrow-bandwidth regime with a single dominant frequency and a mode-switching regime where two frequencies compete. The flow is forced by a dielectric barrier discharge actuator located at the leading edge and is monitored by a downstream hot-wire sensor over the trailing edge. The feedback law is optimized with respect to the monitored fluctuation level. As reference, the self-oscillations of the mixing layer are mitigated with steady actuation. Then, a feedback controller is optimized with gMLC. As expected, feedback control outperforms steady actuation by achieving a better amplitude reduction with approximately 1 % of the actuation energy required for similarly effective steady forcing. Intriguingly, optimized laws learned for one regime perform well for the other untested regime as well. The proposed control strategy can be expected to be applicable for many other shear flow experiments.
Residual dynamic mode decomposition: robust and verified Koopmanism
Authors: Colbrook Matthew J. , Ayton Lorna J. , Szőke Máté
Published: January 2023

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) describes complex dynamic processes through a hierarchy of simpler coherent features. DMD is regularly used to understand the fundamental characteristics of turbulence and is closely related to Koopman operators. However, verifying the decomposition, equivalently the computed spectral features of Koopman operators, remains a significant challenge due to the infinite-dimensional nature of Koopman operators. Challenges include spurious (unphysical) modes and dealing with continuous spectra, which both occur regularly in turbulent flows. Residual dynamic mode decomposition (ResDMD), introduced by Colbrook & Townsend (Rigorous data-driven computation of spectral properties of Koopman operators for dynamical systems. 2021. arXiv:2111.14889), overcomes such challenges through the data-driven computation of residuals associated with the full infinite-dimensional Koopman operator. ResDMD computes spectra and pseudospectra of general Koopman operators with error control and computes smoothed approximations of spectral measures (including continuous spectra) with explicit high-order convergence theorems. ResDMD thus provides robust and verified Koopmanism. We implement ResDMD and demonstrate its application in various fluid dynamic situations at varying Reynolds numbers from both numerical and experimental data. Examples include vortex shedding behind a cylinder, hot-wire data acquired in a turbulent boundary layer, particle image velocimetry data focusing on a wall-jet flow and laser-induced plasma acoustic pressure signals. We present some advantages of ResDMD: the ability to resolve nonlinear and transient modes verifiably; the verification of learnt dictionaries; the verification of Koopman mode decompositions; and spectral calculations with reduced broadening effects. We also discuss how a new ordering of modes via residuals enables greater accuracy than the traditional modulus ordering (e.g. when forecasting) with a smaller dictionary. This result paves the way for more significant dynamic compression of large datasets without sacrificing accuracy.
Regulating Labour through Foreign Punishment? Codification and Sanction at Work in New Kingdom Egypt
Authors: Loktionov Alexandre A.
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates two New Kingdom Egyptian texts pertaining to labour regulation: the Karnak Decree of Horemheb and the Nauri Decree of Seti I. They focus on combating the unauthorized diverting of manpower and represent the oldest Egyptian texts (fourteenth–thirteenth century BCE) explicitly concerned with the legal dimension of managing the workforce. After a brief historical overview, the paper outlines each text's key content and stylistic features. It shows that while some of these are likely native to Egypt, others may have been imported from Mesopotamia. More specifically, it appears that the sentence structure is native Egyptian, but the sanctions deployed are likely of foreign origin, aligning more closely to the contemporary punitive tradition of Mesopotamia. This is probably no coincidence, given the close contact between Egypt and the broader Near East at that time. This uptake of foreign ideas may have achieved more efficient labour regulation by enforcing stricter rules for non-compliance while simultaneously maintaining a veneer of Egyptian authenticity in line with official state ideology.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Cosmocercoides amapari n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae), parasitic in hylid frogs from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Rebêlo Gabriel Lima , Santos Ana Nunes , Tavares-Costa Lorena Freitas Souza , Dias-Souza Marcos Roberto , Müller Maria Isabel , Jesus Ronald Ferreira , Costa-Campos Carlos Eduardo , dos Santos Jeannie Nascimento , Melo Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos
Published: January 2023

Cosmocercoides Wilkie, 1930 are gastrointestinal parasites commonly found in amphibians and reptiles, with 4 species reported from the Neotropical region. In the present study, a new species of Cosmocercoides, namely Cosmocercoides amapari n. sp. is described using integrated approaches such as light and scanning microscopy, and DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. The specimens were collected from the large intestine of 3 species of hylid frogs in Amapá, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by morphological traits, including the pattern of caudal papillae, absence of the gubernaculum, 2 poorly sclerotized spicules, presence of lateral alae and somatic papillae along the body. In addition, our molecular analyses and phylogenetic reconstructions strongly support the status of the new taxon, which clustered poorly with a large clade of Cosmocerca spp. Cosmocercoides amapari n. sp. is the 29th species of the genus, the 5th from the Neotropical region, the third reported in Brazil, the second described from the Amazon region and the first belonging to the Neotropical region with molecular data.
Use of 3D volume-rendered CT imaging in analysing the anatomy of an unusual type of common arterial trunk
Authors: Banpurkar Ashishkumar , Wadile Santosh , Kulkarni Snehal
Published: January 2023

A common arterial trunk with pulmonary dominance is rare. We report the use of 3D volume-rendered CT imaging to define common arterial trunk with pulmonary arterial dominance and associated abnormalities.
Hearing emotion in two languages: A pupillometry study of Cantonese–Mandarin bilinguals’ perception of affective cognates in L1 and L2
Authors: Yao Yao , Connell Katrina , Politzer-Ahles Stephen
Published: January 2023

Differential affective processing has been widely documented for bilinguals: L1 affective words elicit higher levels of arousal and stronger emotionality ratings than L2 affective words (Pavlenko, 2012). In this study, we focus on two closely related Chinese languages, Mandarin and Cantonese, whose affective lexicons are highly overlapping, with shared lexical items that only differ in pronunciation across languages. We recorded L1 Cantonese – L2 Mandarin bilinguals’ pupil responses to auditory tokens of Cantonese and Mandarin affective words. Our results showed that Cantonese–Mandarin bilinguals had stronger pupil responses when the affective words were pronounced in Cantonese (L1) than when the same words were pronounced in Mandarin (L2). The effect was most evident in taboo words and among bilinguals with lower L2 proficiency. We discuss the theoretical implications of the findings in the frameworks of exemplar theory and models of the bilingual lexicon.
On the legal implications of a ‘permanent’ constituent power
Authors: Velasco-Rivera Mariana , Colón-Ríos Joel I
Published: January 2023

This article examines the development of the doctrine of the ‘permanent constituent power’ in Mexico. This doctrine reflects a long tradition in constitutional theory according to which the exercise of constituent power is a one-time event: once a constitution is adopted, there will be no legal mechanism in place for the exercise of the people’s original constitution-making authority. This view is nonetheless in tension with a notion that has also been historically embraced by liberal constitutionalism: that the people has an inalienable right to alter the form of government. The constitutional provisions that reflect that idea, we will see, can have important implications in terms of the nature and scope of the amending authority and, at the same time, point toward alternative mechanisms for the exercise of constituent authority. By closely examining the operation of those kinds of provisions in the Mexican constitution, we seek to illustrate a tension central to the liberal constitutional tradition and to suggest a way out of it. In so doing, we aim to draw some lessons from the Mexican case that can contribute to current discussions about constituent power and fundamental constitutional change in liberal constitutional orders.
The 14 December 2020 Total Solar Eclipse Effects on Geomagnetic Field Variations and Plasma Density Over South America
Authors: Chen S. S. , Resende L. C. A. , Denardini C. M. , Chagas R. A. J. , Da Silva L. A. , Marchezi J. P. , Moro J. , Nogueira P. A. B. , Santos A. M. , Jauer P. R. , Carmo C. S. , Picanço G. A. S. , Silva R. P.
Published: January 2023

We discuss the effects in the geomagnetic field variations and ionospheric plasma density modifications caused by the Total Solar Eclipse that occurred on 14 December 2020 over the South American sector. We used ground‐based magnetometer data and the Total Electron Content maps derived from the Global Navigation Satellite System to evaluate these changes. The results show that the geomagnetic field daily variation weakens between the first and last solar eclipse penumbra contact. Additionally, we observed a significant reduction of about 52.33 nT on the Equatorial Electrojet strength at Jicamarca (11.95°S, 76.88°W), where the solar obscuration reached 16.67% approximately. This behavior indicates that the solar eclipse in the equatorial region has possibly affected electric conductivities, altering the E region dynamo electric field. Consequently, it weakens the equatorial plasma fountain, affecting the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly development. Additionally, the ionospheric dynamics variations over Jicamarca during the solar eclipse event are analyzed using ionosonde data. We observe that the solar eclipse also caused a modification in the sporadic E layer and F region dynamics, indicating possible evidence of the gravity wave occurrence. Therefore, the results found here provide a better understanding of how the solar eclipse passage in the equatorial region affects the electron density in the low‐latitude regions.
Wave‐Current Coupling Effects on the Variation Modes of Pore Pressure Response in a Sandy Seabed: Physical Modeling and Explicit Approximations
Authors: Yang Li‐Jing , Qi Wen‐Gang , Li Yuzhu , Gao Fu‐Ping
Published: January 2023

Previous flume observations on the response of pore pressure in the seabed induced by the combined wave‐current were mainly limited to relatively deep‐water waves with wavenumber times water depth approximately above 1.0. Meanwhile, existing theoretical solutions neglected the variation of wave height induced by wave‐current coupling effects, limiting the accuracy of the predictions. In this study, the combined wave‐current induced pore pressure response within a sandy seabed is physically modeled in a water flume. A wide range of wave‐current parameters is examined. The effects of wave period, water depth, and wave height with the superimposed following and opposing currents on the change of pore pressure are investigated. The present experiments identify two new particular modes of pore pressure changing under superimposed current on waves, that is, the transition mode and the opposing‐current enhancing mode, besides the well‐recognized following‐current enhancing mode. The specific modes are determined by a dimensionless parameter characterizing the value of wavenumber times water depth for waves in the absence of a current. Based on the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy flux, an explicit solution for the wave height under the wave‐current coupling effect is derived. With this updated wave height, an analytical solution for combined wave‐current induced pore pressure response is further proposed, which agrees with the measured data. Based on this solution, a general diagram for the current effect on the mudline pore pressure amplitude is proposed, which is applicable for both laboratory and field conditions. Finally, the physical mechanism in three variation modes is discussed.
Multiple Abyssal Jets Flowing Into the Vema Deep, Romanche Fracture Zone
Authors: Frey D. I. , Krechik V. A. , Bashirova L. D. , Ostroumova S. A. , Smirnova D. A. , Kuleshova L. A. , Ponomarenko E. P. , Morozov E. G. , Ligi M. , Dudkov I. Yu. , Sivkov V. V.
Published: January 2023

Strong acceleration of abyssal flows in narrow deep‐water channels and fracture zones is a key feature of bottom circulation in the Atlantic Ocean. In the Equatorial Atlantic, these bottom currents transport Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) over the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge from west to east. The main pathway for Antarctic waters in this region is the Romanche Fracture Zone. The deepest point of this fracture zone is the Vema Deep; its maximum depth based on the published data is 7,856 m. This deep basin is filled by waters of Antarctic origin overflowing a sill in a narrow channel. During the expedition on the R/V Akademik Ioffe (August 2022), we revealed a strong flow in the middle part of the Romanche Fracture Zone and collected new data on thermohaline and kinematic structures of this gravity current. Our survey is the first observational evidence of the intense flow into the Vema Deep. At the sill, the flow splits into branches flowing through three distinct channels of intricate configuration located in the southern transform valley of the fracture zone. The northern channel is proved to be the main pathway of the coldest and densest bottom waters to the Vema Deep. We also found that vertical structure of the flow is presented by two individual jets, namely the deep and bottom jets. The total transport of AABW through the Romanche Fracture Zone at this location was estimated at 1.40 Sv; the velocities exceeding 10 cm/s were found at depths greater than 5,000 m.
HDAC1-mediated regulation of GABA signaling within the lateral septum facilitates long-lasting social fear extinction in male mice
Authors: Bludau Anna , Neumann Inga D. , Menon Rohit
Published: January 2023

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is caused by traumatic social experiences. It is characterized by intense fear and avoidance of social contexts, which can be robustly mimicked by the social fear conditioning (SFC) paradigm. The extinction phase of the SFC paradigm is akin to exposure therapy for SAD and requires learning to disassociate the trauma with the social context. Learning-induced acetylation of histones is critical for extinction memory formation and its endurance. Although class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate the abovementioned learning process, there is a lack of clarity in isoforms and spatial specificity in HDAC function in social learning. Utilizing the SFC paradigm, we functionally characterized the role of HDAC1, specifically in the lateral septum (LS), in regulating the formation of long-term social fear extinction memory. We measured a local increase in activity-inducing HDAC1 phosphorylation at serine residues of social fear-conditioned (SFC+) mice in response to the extinction of social fear. We also found that LS-HDAC1 function negatively correlates with acute social fear extinction learning using pharmacological and viral approaches. Further, inhibition of LS-HDAC1 enhanced the expression of the GABA-A receptor β1 subunit (Gabrb1) in SFC+ mice, and activation of GABA-A receptors facilitated acute extinction learning. Finally, the facilitation of extinction learning by HDAC1 inhibition or GABA-A receptor activation within the LS led to the formation of long-lasting extinction memory, which persisted even 30 days after extinction. Our results show that HDAC1-mediated regulation of GABA signaling in the LS is crucial for the formation of long-lasting social fear extinction memory.