bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planetary and lunar ephemeris EPM2021 and its significance for Solar system research
Authors: Pitjeva Elena , Pavlov Dmitry , Aksim Dan , Kan Margarita
Published: May 2022

We present an updated public version of EPM (Ephemerides of Planets and the Moon). Since the last public version, EPM2017, many improvements were made in both the observational database and the mathematical model. Latest lunar laser ranging observations have been added, as well as radio ranges of Juno spacecraft and more recent ranges of Odyssey and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. EPM2021 uses a new improved way to calculate radio signal delays in solar plasma and has a major update in the method of determination of asteroid masses. Also, a delay-capable multistep numerical integrator was implemented for EPM in order to properly account for tide delay in the equations of the motion of the Moon. The improved processing accuracy has allowed to refine existing estimates of the mass of the Sun and its change rate, parameters of the Earth–Moon system, masses of the Main asteroid belt and the Kuiper belt; and also to raise important questions about existing numerical models of solar wind.
Orbit propagation around small bodies using spherical harmonic coefficients obtained from polyhedron shape models
Authors: Peñarroya P. , Paoli R.
Published: May 2022

Missions to asteroids have been the trend in space exploration for the last years. They provide information about the formation and evolution of the Solar System, contribute to direct planetary defense tasks, and could be potentially exploited for resource mining. Be their purpose as it may, the factor that all these mission types have in common is the challenging dynamical environment they have to deal with. The gravitational environment of a certain asteroid is most of the times not accurately known until very late mission phases when the spacecraft has already orbited the body for some time.

Shape models help to estimate the gravitational potential with a density distribution assumption (usually constant value) and some optical measurements of the body. These measurements, unlike the ones needed for harmonic coefficient estimation, can be taken from well before arriving at the asteroid’s sphere of influence, which allows to obtain a better approximation of the gravitational dynamics much sooner. The disadvantage they pose is that obtaining acceleration values from these models implies a heavy computational burden on the on-board processing unit, which is very often too time-consuming for the mission profile.

In this paper, the technique developed on [1] is used to create a validated Python-based tool that obtains spherical harmonic coefficients from the shape model of an asteroid or comet, given a certain density for the body. This validated software suite, called AstroHarm, is used to analyse the accuracy of the models obtained and the improvements in computational efficiency in a simulated spacecraft orbiting a small body.

The results obtained are shown offering a qualitative comparison between different order spherical harmonic models and the original shape model. Finally, the creation of a catalogue for harmonics is proposed together with some thoughts on complex modelling using this tool.
Apsidal alignment in migrating dust - Crescent features caused by eccentric planets
Authors: Sommer Maximilian , Pokorný Petr , Yano Hajime , Srama Ralf
Published: May 2022

Circumstellar discs are known to exist in great variety, from gas-rich discs around the youngest stars to evolved debris discs such as the solar system’s zodiacal cloud. Through gravitational interaction, exoplanets embedded in these discs can generate density variations, imposing potentially observable structural features on the disc such as rings or gaps. Here we report on a mirrored double crescent pattern arising in simulations of discs harbouring a small, moderately eccentric planet - such as Mars. We show that the structure is a result of a directed apsidal precession occurring in particles that migrate the planet’s orbital region under Poynting-Robertson drag. We further analyze the strength of this effect with respect to planet and particle parameters.
A numerical criterion evaluating the robustness of planetary architectures; applications to the υ Andromedæ system
Authors: Locatelli Ugo , Caracciolo Chiara , Sansottera Marco , Volpi Mara
Published: May 2022

We revisit the problem of the existence of KAM tori in extrasolar planetary systems. Specifically, we consider the υ Andromedæ system, by modelling it with a three-body problem. This preliminary study allows us to introduce a natural way to evaluate the robustness of the planetary orbits, which can be very easily implemented in numerical explorations. We apply our criterion to the problem of the choice of a suitable orbital configuration which exhibits strong stability properties and is compatible with the observational data that are available for the υ Andromedæ system itself.
Changing the narrative: A Tool on African Traditions and the Preservation of Humanity during War
Authors: Mabeza Sarah Jean , Bolus Tamalin
Published: May 2022

In an effort towards better explaining the authority of international humanitarian law (IHL) on the African continent, the Regional Delegation of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Pretoria recently examined the relationship between African traditional customs and modern-day principles of IHL. Evidence of a clear correlation would illustrate a respect for the law of war on the African continent. The outcome of the research conducted by the ICRC was the creation of the “Tool on African Traditions and the Preservation of Humanity during War”, which illustrates eleven African traditions and the related principles of contemporary IHL. The Tool is a living project, which will continue to be updated, and which is presented in various formats that can be used for both pedagogical and operational outreach.
The importance of species selection in cover crop mixture design
Authors: McKenzie-Gopsill Andrew , Mills Aaron , MacDonald Ashley Nicolle , Wyand Sylvia
Published: May 2022

Cover crops are increasingly being included in crop rotations as a mechanism to promote diversity and provide agroecosystem services, including weed suppression. Recently, cover crop mixtures have increased in popularity in an attempt to provide a greater diversity in ecological services as compared with monocultures. Several recent studies, however, have failed to detect a positive effect of cover crop diversity on biomass production or weed suppression. Here we assessed biomass productivity and weed suppression in 19 cover crops seeded as monocultures and 19 mixtures of varying species composition and functional richness (two- and three-species mixtures) of full-season cover crops in Atlantic Canada. Cover crop biomass production and weed suppression varied by species identity, functional diversity, and species richness. As cover crop biomass increased regardless of diversity, weed biomass declined. Highly productive forbs and grasses provided the greatest weed suppression in monoculture. In line with previous observations, mixtures were not more productive or weed suppressive on average than the most productive monocultures. We observed that the inclusion of the highly productive species buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and sorghum–sudangrass [Sorghum × drummondi (Nees ex Steud.) Millsp. & Chase] in a mixture increased stand evenness, productivity, weed suppression, and spatiotemporal stability. Taken together, our results suggest that effects of diversity on mixture productivity and weed suppression are species specific. This further demonstrates the importance of species selection in cover crop mixture design.
Die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf Kinder, Jugendliche und Familien in deutschsprachigen Ländern
Authors: Asbrand Julia , Brinkmann Folke
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Mit der COVID-19-Pandemie ergeben sich nach aktuellem Wissensstand vermutlich weniger prävalent somatische als vielmehr psychische Folgeerkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Diese sind jedoch umso alarmierender, da sie auf ein schon vor der Pandemie stark belastetes System treffen. Auch zu beachten sind die bislang unklaren Folgen für die allgemeine psychische, soziale und emotionale Entwicklung, da beispielsweise Lernräume mit Gleichaltrigen langfristig fehlten oder nur eingeschränkt zugänglich waren. Mit der Betrachtung von Kindern und Jugendlichen selbst ist auch das nähere Bezugssystem von Eltern und Familie relevant, um dort Schutz- und Risikofaktoren zu identifizieren. In der Gesamtschau des aktuellen Themenschwerpunkts wie auch weiterer Studien ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, Prävention und Frühintervention auszubauen und den Zugang zum Gesundheitssystem für betroffene Kinder, Jugendliche und Familien zu verbessern.
Belastungen, positive Veränderungen und Ressourcen von Familien in der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Engelke Lara , Calvano Claudia , Klingbeil Karoline , Rolle Mira , Winter Sibylle M. , Renneberg und Babette
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie stellten Familien vor Herausforderungen. Es fehlt an Studien, welche die umfassende Vielfalt der subjektiven Erfahrungen abbilden. Fragestellung: Ziel ist, Belastungen, positive Veränderungen und Ressourcen in Familien zu erfassen. Methode: 4 967 Eltern (87.6 % weiblich, 86.7 % mit Hochschulreife) minderjähriger Kinder (0 – 17 Jahre) nahmen an einer Online-Erhebung im August 2020 teil. Belastungen, positive Veränderungen und Ressourcen während der Pandemie wurden durch offene Fragen erfasst. Auf Basis der Freitextantworten wurde ein Kategoriensystem entwickelt und ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Privatleben (12 %), Sorgen um die Entwicklung der Pandemie (11 %) und eingeschränkte Betreuung und schulische Bildung (9 %) wurden am häufigsten als Belastungen genannt. Positive Veränderungen waren vermehrte Wertschätzung, Dankbarkeit und neue Einstellungen (16 %), engere Beziehungen innerhalb der Familie (13 %) und mehr Zeit mit Menschen (11 %). Wichtige Ressourcen für Familien waren das soziale Miteinander innerhalb der Familie (19 %) und positive Aktivitäten (13 %). Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Ansatzpunkte für familienzentrierte Präventionsmaßnahmen sind die Offenhaltung von Betreuungseinrichtungen, eine Flexibilisierung der Arbeitssituation, eine fortlaufende Aufklärung über notwendige Maßnahmen, Stärkung digitaler Unterstützungsangebote einschließlich der Verbesserung der Medienkompetenz, die Ermöglichung von Freizeitaktivitäten, sowie die Verbesserung psychosozialer Unterstützungsmaßnahmen.
Impacts of Fine Particulate Matter From Wildfire Smoke on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health in California
Authors: Heaney Alexandra , Stowell Jennifer D. , Liu Jia Coco , Basu Rupa , Marlier Miriam , Kinney Patrick
Published: May 2022

Increases in wildfire activity across the Western US pose a significant public health threat. While there is evidence that wildfire smoke is detrimental for respiratory health, the impacts on cardiovascular health remain unclear. This study evaluates the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from wildfire smoke and unscheduled cardiorespiratory hospital visits in California during the 2004–2009 wildfire seasons. We estimate daily mean wildfire‐specific PM2.5 with Goddard Earth Observing System‐Chem, a global three‐dimensional model of atmospheric chemistry, with wildfire emissions estimates from the Global Fire Emissions Database. We defined a “smoke event day” as cumulative 0‐1‐day lag wildfire‐specific PM2.5 ≥ 98th percentile of cumulative 0–1 lag day wildfire PM2.5. Associations between exposure and outcomes are estimated using negative binomial regression. Results indicate that smoke event days are associated with a 3.3% (95% CI: [0.4%, 6.3%]) increase in visits for all respiratory diseases and a 10.3% (95% CI: [2.3%, 19.0%]) increase for asthma specifically. Stratifying by age, we found the largest effect for asthma among children ages 0–5 years. We observed no significant association between exposure and overall cardiovascular disease, but stratified analyses revealed increases in visits for all cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure among non‐Hispanic white individuals and those older than 65 years. Further, we found a significant interaction between smoke event days and daily average temperature for all cardiovascular disease visits, suggesting that days with high wildfire PM2.5 concentrations and high temperatures may pose greater risk for cardiovascular disease. These results suggest substantial increases in adverse outcomes from wildfire smoke exposure and indicate the need for improved prevention strategies and adaptations to protect vulnerable populations.
Limitations of Separate Cloud and Rain Categories in Parameterizing Collision‐Coalescence for Bulk Microphysics Schemes
Authors: Igel A. L. , Morrison H. , Santos S. P. , van Lier‐Walqui M.
Published: May 2022

Warm rain collision‐coalescence has been persistently difficult to parameterize in bulk microphysics schemes. We use a flexible bulk microphysics scheme with bin scheme process parameterizations, called AMP, to investigate reasons for the difficulty. AMP is configured in a variety of ways to mimic bulk schemes and is compared to simulations with the bin scheme upon which AMP is built. We find that an important limitation in traditional bulk schemes is the use of separate cloud and rain categories. When the drop size distribution is instead represented by a continuous distribution, the simulation of cloud‐to‐rain conversion is substantially improved. We also find large sensitivity to the threshold size to distinguish cloud and rain in traditional schemes; substantial improvement is found by decreasing the threshold from 40 to 25 μm. Neither the use of an assumed functional form for the size distribution nor the choice of predicted distribution moments has a large impact on the ability of AMP to simulate rain production. When predicting four total moments of the liquid drop size distribution, either with a traditional two‐category, two‐moment scheme with a reduced size threshold, or a four‐moment single‐category scheme, errors in the evolution of mass and the cloud size distribution are similar, but the single‐category scheme has a substantially better representation of the rain size distribution. Optimal moment combinations for the single‐category approach are investigated and appear to be linked more to the information content they provide for constraining the size distributions than to their correlation with collision‐coalescence rates.
A greyscale erosion algorithm for tomography (GREAT) to rapidly detect battery particle defects
Authors: Wade A. , Heenan T. M. M. , Kok M. , Tranter T. , Leach A. , Tan C. , Jervis R. , Brett D. J. L. , Shearing P. R.
Published: May 2022

Particle micro-cracking is a major source of performance loss within lithium-ion batteries, however early detection before full particle fracture is highly challenging, requiring time consuming high-resolution imaging with poor statistics. Here, various electrochemical cycling (e.g., voltage cut-off, cycle number, C-rate) has been conducted to study the degradation of Ni-rich NMC811 (LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2) cathodes characterized using laboratory X-ray micro-computed tomography. An algorithm has been developed that calculates inter- and intra-particle density variations to produce integrity measurements for each secondary particle, individually. Hundreds of data points have been produced per electrochemical history from a relatively short period of characterization (ca. 1400 particles per day), an order of magnitude throughput improvement compared to conventional nano-scale analysis (ca. 130 particles per day). The particle integrity approximations correlated well with electrochemical capacity losses suggesting that the proposed algorithm permits the rapid detection of sub-particle defects with superior materials statistics not possible with conventional analysis.
The Great Dimming of Betelgeuse seen by the Himawari-8 meteorological satellite
Authors: Taniguchi Daisuke , Yamazaki Kazuya , Uno Shinsuke
Published: May 2022

Betelgeuse, one of the most studied red supergiant stars1,2, dimmed in the optical range by ~1.2 mag between late 2019 and early 2020, reaching a historical minimum3–5 called ‘the Great Dimming’. Thanks to enormous observational effort to date, two hypotheses remain that can explain the Dimming1: a decrease in the effective temperature6,7 and an enhancement of the extinction caused by newly produced circumstellar dust8,9. However, the lack of multiwavelength monitoring observations, especially in the mid-infrared, where emission from circumstellar dust can be detected, has prevented us from closely examining these hypotheses. Here we present 4.5 yr, 16-band photometry of Betelgeuse between 2017 and 2021 in the 0.45–13.5 μm wavelength range making use of images taken by the Himawari-810 geostationary meteorological satellite. By examining the optical and near-infrared light curves, we show that both a decreased effective temperature and increased dust extinction may have contributed by almost equal amounts to the Great Dimming. Moreover, using the mid-infrared light curves, we find that the enhanced circumstellar extinction actually contributed to the Dimming. Thus, the Dimming event of Betelgeuse provides us with an opportunity to examine the mechanism responsible for the mass loss of red supergiants, which affects the fate of massive stars as supernovae11.
Association of Republican partisanship with US citizens’ mobility during the first period of the COVID crisis
Authors: Barbalat Guillaume , Franck Nicolas
Published: May 2022

While Republican states have been criticized for their limited efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19, it is important to consider that political orientation can modify human behaviour via complex effects that are still poorly understood. During the first period of the pandemic, we found that the association of Republican partisanship with US citizens' mobility varied depending on the nature of the exposure being considered.
First, Republican partisanship was associated with increased mobility when the stringency of anti-COVID measures increased. Second, Republican partisanship was associated with decreased mobility when COVID-related deaths increased. Third, Republican partisanship was associated with increased mobility over time, i.e. as time went by, citizens living in Republican states were more mobile than those in Democratic states. These findings raise caution on any over-interpretation of the impact of polarization in US politics on COVID-related behaviour. They prompt consideration of persuasive tools that emphasize risk perception to promote social distancing in Republican states, rather than relying heavily on stringent anti-COVID interventions.
Estimation of milk yield based on udder measures of Pelibuey sheep using artificial neural networks
Authors: Angeles-Hernandez J. C. , Castro-Espinoza F. A. , Peláez-Acero A. , Salinas-Martinez J. A. , Chay-Canul A. J. , Vargas-Bello-Pérez E.
Published: May 2022

Udder measures have been used to assess milk yield of sheep through classical methods of estimation. Artificial neural networks (ANN) can deal with complex non-linear relationships between input and output variables. In the current study, ANN were applied to udder measures from Pelibuey ewes to estimate their milk yield and this was compared with linear regression. A total of 357 milk yield records with its corresponding udder measures were used. A supervised learning was used to train and teach the network using a two-layer ANN with seven hidden structures. The globally convergent algorithm based on the resilient backpropagation was used to calculate ANN. Goodness of fit was evaluated using the mean square prediction error (MSPE), root MSPE (RMSPE), correlation coefficient (r), Bayesian’s Information Criterion (BIC), Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) and accuracy. The 15–15 ANN architecture showed that the best predictive milk yield performance achieved an accuracy of 97.9% and the highest values of r2 (0.93), and the lowest values of MSPE (0.0023), RMSPE (0.04), AIC (− 2088.81) and BIC (− 2069.56). The study revealed that ANN is a powerful tool to estimate milk yield when udder measures are used as input variables and showed better goodness of fit in comparison with classical regression methods.
Bacterial etiology and mortality rate in community-acquired pneumonia, healthcare-associated pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia in Thai university hospital
Authors: Poovieng Jaturon , Sakboonyarat Boonsub , Nasomsong Worapong
Published: May 2022

Pneumonia is caused by infection at the pulmonary parenchyma which constitutes a crucial risk factor for morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the mortality rate and its risk factors as well as etiology among inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in a university hospital located in Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 250 inpatients with pneumonia was included in the present study. The inhospital mortality rate was 1.25 (95% CI 0.99–1.56) per 100 person-days. The present study reported that overall pneumonia caused by gram-negative pathogens accounted for 60.5%. P. aeruginosa was a frequent gram-negative pathogen among these participants, especially among patients with HCAP and HAP. Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) of inhospital mortality among patients with HAP was 1.75 (95% CI 1.01–3.03) times that of those among patients with CAP, while AHR for 28-day mortality among patients with HAP compared with those with CAP was 2.81 (95% CI 1.38–5.75). Individual risks factors including cardiomyopathy, active-smoker and insulin use were potential risk factors for mortality. Initial qSOFA and acid-based disturbance should be assessed to improve proper management and outcomes.
Structure of the glucosyltransferase domain of TcdA in complex with RhoA provides insights into substrate recognition
Authors: Chen Baohua , Liu Zheng , Perry Kay , Jin Rongsheng
Published: May 2022

Clostridioides difficile is one of the most common causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in developed countries. As key virulence factors of C. difficile, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) act by glucosylating and inactivating Rho and Ras family small GTPases in host cells, which leads to actin cytoskeleton disruption, cell rounding, and ultimately cell death. Here we present the co-crystal structure of the glucosyltransferase domain (GTD) of TcdA in complex with its substrate human RhoA at 2.60-angstrom resolution. This structure reveals that TcdA GTD grips RhoA mainly through its switch I and switch II regions, which is complemented by interactions involving RhoA’s pre-switch I region. Comprehensive structural comparisons between the TcdA GTD–RhoA complex and the structures of TcdB GTD in complex with Cdc42 and R-Ras reveal both the conserved and divergent features of these two toxins in terms of substrate recognition. Taken together, these findings establish the structural basis for TcdA recognition of small GTPases and advance our understanding of the substrates selectivity of large clostridial toxins.
Optimization of physical quantities in the autoencoder latent space
Authors: Park S. M. , Yoon H. G. , Lee D. B. , Choi J. W. , Kwon H. Y. , Won C.
Published: May 2022

We propose a strategy for optimizing physical quantities based on exploring in the latent space of a variational autoencoder (VAE). We train a VAE model using various spin configurations formed on a two-dimensional chiral magnetic system. Three optimization algorithms are used to explore the latent space of the trained VAE. The first algorithm, the single-code modification algorithm, is designed for improving the local energetic stability of spin configurations to generate physically plausible spin states. The other two algorithms, the genetic algorithm and the stochastic algorithm, aim to optimize the global physical quantities, such as topological index, magnetization, energy, and directional correlation. The advantage of our method is that various optimization algorithms can be applied in the latent space containing the abstracted representation constructed by the trained VAE model. Our method based on latent space exploration is utilized for efficient physical quantity optimization.
Increased MIB-1 expression in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma that recurs and undergoes malignant transformation
Authors: Markkanen Anttoni , Aro Katri , Laury Anna Ray , Mäkitie Antti A. , Haglund Caj , Atula Timo , Hagström Jaana
Published: May 2022

The objective of this retrospective study was to explore possible changes in histopathological features and expression of cyclin D1 and MIB-1 in salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) that recur or undergo malignant transformation. Knowledge of these characteristics might help to guide the management of these rare tumors. The histopathology and immunohistochemical staining characteristics of such tumors were analyzed in a cohort of 65 patients constituting three different groups of tumors: PA, recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA) and carcinoma ex PA (CxPA). The RPAs were divided into two subgroups: primary PA that were known to recur later (PA-prim) and recurrent tumors appearing after a primary tumor (PA-rec). RPAs and CxPAs were compared with PAs without recurrence, which served as a control group. In our study, CxPA and PA-rec, but not PA-prim, showed increased MIB-1 expression compared with the control group. Neither cyclin D1 expression nor any histopathological features showed any association in statistical analyses. CxPA showed increased mitotic activity, squamous metaplasia, and nuclear atypia. Tumor multifocality was more frequent in PA-rec and CxPA. The different MIB-1 expression in CxPA and PA-rec in comparison to PA-prim suggests that the changes in expression could develop after the primary tumor.
Functional mimicry of Ruffini receptors with fibre Bragg gratings and deep neural networks enables a bio-inspired large-area tactile-sensitive skin
Authors: Massari Luca , Fransvea Giulia , D’Abbraccio Jessica , Filosa Mariangela , Terruso Giuseppe , Aliperta Andrea , D’Alesio Giacomo , Zaltieri Martina , Schena Emiliano , Palermo Eduardo , Sinibaldi Edoardo , Oddo Calogero Maria
Published: May 2022

Collaborative robots are expected to physically interact with humans in daily living and the workplace, including industrial and healthcare settings. A key related enabling technology is tactile sensing, which currently requires addressing the outstanding scientific challenge to simultaneously detect contact location and intensity by means of soft conformable artificial skins adapting over large areas to the complex curved geometries of robot embodiments. In this work, the development of a large-area sensitive soft skin with a curved geometry is presented, allowing for robot total-body coverage through modular patches. The biomimetic skin consists of a soft polymeric matrix, resembling a human forearm, embedded with photonic fibre Bragg grating transducers, which partially mimics Ruffini mechanoreceptor functionality with diffuse, overlapping receptive fields. A convolutional neural network deep learning algorithm and a multigrid neuron integration process were implemented to decode the fibre Bragg grating sensor outputs for inference of contact force magnitude and localization through the skin surface. Results of 35 mN (interquartile range 56 mN) and 3.2 mm (interquartile range 2.3 mm) median errors were achieved for force and localization predictions, respectively. Demonstrations with an anthropomorphic arm pave the way towards artificial intelligence based integrated skins enabling safe human–robot cooperation via machine intelligence.
Unveiling remarkable resistance to Pb poisoning over an Fe–Mo catalyst for low-temperature NH3-SCR: poison transforms into a promoter
Authors: Mu Jincheng , Liu Jie , Qin Jiangzhou , Li Xinyong , Liu Baojun
Published: May 2022

A heavy metal-resistant NOx catalytic reduction Fe–Mo catalyst was developed and a novel intrinsic activity enhancement mechanism by Pb species was originally demonstrated.
Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seed ameliorates liver injury and oxidative stress by modulating NrF2 and NFκB expression in sucrose-rich diet-fed rats
Authors: Vega Joubert Michelle Berenice , Ingaramo Paola , Oliva María Eugenia , D'Alessandro María Eugenia
Published: May 2022

Chia seed improved liver damage, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in dyslipidemic insulin resistant rats chronically fed with a sucrose-rich diet.
Structural, optical and conductivity properties in tetragonal BaTi1−xCoxO3 (0≤ x ≤0.1)
Authors: Phong L. T. H. , Dang N. T. , Dang N. V. , Nguyen Van-Quynh , Manh D. H. , Nam P. H. , Nguyen L. H. , Phong P. T.
Published: May 2022

This work investigates the structure, optical and electrical conductivity properties of BaTi1−xCoxO3 (0≤ x ≤0.1) ceramics prepared by the hydrothermal method.
Electrochemical paraquat sensor based on lead oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Traiwatcharanon Pranlekha , Siriwatcharapiboon Wilai , Jongprateep Oratai , Wongchoosuk Chatchawal
Published: May 2022

The PbO nanoparticles-based electrochemical sensor can be integrated into a smartphone for on-site field testing of paraquat with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Examining relationships between chemistry anxiety, chemistry identity, and chemistry career choice in terms of gender: a comparative study using multigroup structural equation modelling
Authors: Guo Xipei , Hao Xuemin , Ma Jun , Wang Hongyan , Hu Weiping
Published: May 2022

Although there are numerous chemistry-related careers within the STEM fields, chemistry-related careers are not well regarded. High school is a critical time for developing students’ career choices. Previous studies suggest that anxiety and identity may be predictors of career choice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of high school students’ chemistry anxiety (learning anxiety and test anxiety) and chemistry identity (competence/performance beliefs, interest, external recognition, and holistic impression on identity) on chemistry career choices. Guided by the possibility of different hindrances to chemistry career choice for males and females, the study further detected gender-specific patterns of relations between variables. The results of multigroup structural equation modeling firstly showed that different constructs of chemistry identity were positive and significant predictors of chemistry career choice but varied by gender. Specifically, competence/performance beliefs and holistic impression on identity were significantly associated with females’ chemistry career choices. In contrast, interest, external recognition, and holistic impression on identity motivated males’ chemistry career choices. Secondly, the effects of chemistry learning anxiety and test anxiety on chemistry career choice were completely mediated by chemistry identity, whereas the pathways and strength of mediation differed between females and males.
Of teachers and textbooks: lower secondary teachers' perceived importance and use of chemistry textbook components
Authors: Vojíř Karel , Rusek Martin
Published: May 2022

According to research findings from all over the world, textbooks play an important role for teachers in the choice of methods, content and educational goals. However, the open textbook market, where the state's influence is limited, results in a significant gap between the state (written) curriculum and actual classroom practice. To understand this phenomenon in more detail, teachers’ (N = 387) conception of lower-secondary chemistry textbooks was evaluated, based on their perception and use of particular textbook components. Data obtained with an online questionnaire were subjected to a thorough analysis using CRISP-DM data mining methodology. The results showed a high consistency in chemistry teachers’ perception of textbooks and also that only a limited number of textbook components are frequently being used in teaching practice. The vast majority of teachers mentioned using textbook content to prepare lessons, which indicated textbooks’ influence over lesson content. The other most frequently used components are graphical representations, questions and tasks. Textbook components which can be used to apply a student-centred approach are considered less important by the majority of teachers, which confirms the persisting teacher-centred approach in chemistry teaching. The results also helped identify textbook components whose innovation could have the highest impact on education (educational illustrations, structured text, photographs and tasks). This study therefore sheds more light on chemistry teaching, as well as bringing important knowledge to new textbook authors. The data mining methodology proved useful in this sort of research, showing multiple relations which would not be considered in standard data analysis.
Organic ionic fluid-based wearable sensors for healthcare
Authors: Chen Zhiwu , Wang Yapei
Published: May 2022

This review article systematically summarizes the advancements of organic ionic fluid-based sensors toward various healthcare objects. Constructive perspectives are put forward for the future development of this exciting field.
Triptycene-based and imine linked porous uniform microspheres for efficient and reversible scavenging of iodine from various media: a systematic study
Authors: Hassan Atikur , Alam Akhtar , Chandra Sohom , Prince  , Das Neeladri
Published: May 2022

Economical synthesis of a triptycene-based and imine linked porous organic polymer for fast and reversible iodine capture from various media.
Meal delivery routing optimization with order allocation strategy based on transfer stations for instant logistics services
Authors: Li Jiulin , Yang Senyan , Pan Wenbo , Xu Ziwen , Wei Bo
Published: May 2022

The rapid development of instant logistics services has brought not only convenience to people's life but also a great challenge to traffic management. Due to the limited delivery range of instant delivery systems, customers are usually recommended the meals nearby or pay much higher delivery fees for long‐distance delivery. This study proposes a novel order splitting strategy based on transfer stations for long‐distance meal orders to satisfy the diverse customer demands. The meal delivery routing problem is addressed with an order allocation strategy based on transfer stations through developing a three‐stage modelling framework consisting of order combination, splitting and delivery routing for the online‐to‐offline instant logistics services. Normal meal orders are combined by the DBSCAN algorithm, and the cross‐regional long‐distance orders are split by transfer stations. Based on order combination and splitting, a mixed integer programming model is constructed for the meal delivery routing problem and solved by the adaptive large neighbourhood search algorithm. The proposed algorithm converges quickly for the tested instances constructed based on real platform data. The proposed order allocation strategy can expand the delivery scopes of couriers effectively, stimulate more potential orders and guarantee the timeliness of meal delivery.
Accounting for stellar activity signals in radial-velocity data by using change point detection techniques
Authors: Simola U. , Bonfanti A. , Dumusque X. , Cisewski-Kehe J. , Kaski S. , Corander J.
Published: May 2022

Context.Active regions on the photosphere of a star have been the major obstacle for detecting Earth-like exoplanets using the radial velocity (RV) method. A commonly employed solution for addressing stellar activity is to assume a linear relationship between the RV observations and the activity indicators along the entire time series, and then remove the estimated contribution of activity from the variation in RV data (overall correction method). However, since active regions evolve on the photosphere over time, correlations between the RV observations and the activity indicators will correspondingly be anisotropic.

Aims.We present an approach that recognizes the RV locations where the correlations between the RV and the activity indicators significantly change in order to better account for variations in RV caused by stellar activity.

Methods.The proposed approach uses a general family of statistical breakpoint methods, often referred to as change point detection (CPD) algorithms; several implementations of which are available in R and python. A thorough comparison is made between the breakpoint-based approach and the overall correction method. To ensure wide representativity, we use measurements from real stars that have different levels of stellar activity and whose spectra have different signal-to-noise ratios.

Results.When the corrections for stellar activity are applied separately to each temporal segment identified by the breakpoint method, the corresponding residuals in the RV time series are typically much smaller than those obtained by the overall correction method. Consequently, the generalized Lomb–Scargle periodogram contains a smaller number of peaks caused by active regions. The CPD algorithm is particularly effective when focusing on active stars with long time series, such asαCen B. In that case, we demonstrate that the breakpoint method improves the detection limit of exoplanets by 74% on average with respect to the overall correction method.

Conclusions.CPD algorithms provide a useful statistical framework for estimating the presence of change points in a time series. Since the process underlying the RV measurements generates anisotropic data by its intrinsic properties, it is natural to use CPD to obtain cleaner signals from RV data. We anticipate that the improved exoplanet detection limit may lead to a widespread adoption of such an approach. Our test on the HD 192310 planetary system is encouraging, as we confirm the presence of the two hosted exoplanets and we determine orbital parameters consistent with the literature, also providing much more precise estimates for HD 192310 c.
Nonlinear lumped-parameter models for blood flow simulations in networks of vessels
Authors: Ghitti Beatrice , Toro Eleuterio Francisco , Müller Lucas Omar
Published: May 2022

To address the issue of computational efficiency related to the modelling of blood flow in complex networks, we derive a family of nonlinear lumped-parameter models for blood flow in compliant vessels departing from a well-established one-dimensional model. These 0D models must preserve important nonlinear properties of the original 1D model: the nonlinearity of the pressure-area relation and the pressure-dependent parameters characterizing the 0D models, the resistance R and the inductance L, defined in terms of a time-dependent cross-sectional area subject to pressure changes. We introduce suitable coupling conditions to join 0D vessels through 0D junctions and construct 0D networks preserving the original 1D network topology. The newly derived nonlinear 0D models are then applied to several arterial networks and the predicted results are compared against (i) the reference 1D results, to validate the models and assess their ability to reproduce good approximations of pressure and flow waveforms in all vessels at a much lower computational cost, measured in terms of CPU time, and (ii) the linear 0D results, to evaluate the improvement gained by including certain nonlinearities in the 0D models, in terms of agreement with the 1D results.
3-D-Druck-gestützte Frakturversorgung in der Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie
Authors: Dust Tobias , Henneberg Julian-Elias , Mader Konrad , Krause Matthias , Hartel Maximilian , Keller Johannes , Frosch Karl-Heinz
Published: May 2022

Der 3-D-Druck gewinnt im klinischen Umfeld zunehmend an Bedeutung. Vor allem die muskuloskelettale Chirurgie erlebt bei der Diagnostik, Planung und Versorgung von Frakturen und komplexen
Rekonstruktionseingriffen mit Hilfe 3-D-gedruckter Modelle einen technologischen Aufschwung. Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit den aktuellen Entwicklungen der 3-D-Druck-Technologie und deren
Anwendung im klinischen Umfeld.
Gastrointestinale Motilitätsstörungen bei Intensivpatienten
Authors: Grajecki Donata , Tacke Frank
Published: May 2022

Was ist neu?

Diagnostik von gastrointestinalen Motilitätsstörungen Die Klärung der Ätiologie einer gastrointestinalen Motilitätsstörung auf der Intensivstation umfasst bis heute vor allem die Anamnese und die klinische Diagnostik. Die Erhebung des gastralen Residualvolumens wird nicht mehr generell empfohlen.

Therapie Vor allem die Behandlung der Hypomotilität steht im Fokus neuer medikamentöser Behandlungsansätze. Für die Funktionsstörung des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts werden Metoclopramid und Erythromycin verwendet. Ein rein peripher wirksamer Dopamin-Rezeptor-Antagonist Trazpiroben befindet sich in klinischer Testung. Ein möglicher Einsatz von Neurokinin-1-Rezeptor-Antagonisten wie Aprepitant erfolgt off-label. Die Behandlung der Parese des unteren Gastrointestinaltrakts erfolgt mittels osmotischer und stimulierender Laxanzien und bei höhergradiger Paralyse auch mit indirekten Parasympatholytika. Peripher wirkende μ-Opioid-Rezeptor-Antagonisten (z. B. Methylnaltrexon) zeigen keinen Zusatznutzen. Hochselektive Serotonin-Rezeptor-Agonisten wie Prucaloprid bieten hier mögliche neue Therapieansätze.
Die monoklonale Gammopathie (un)klarer Signifikanz
Authors: Steinhardt Maximilian , Kortüm Martin , Einsele Hermann , Rasche Leo
Published: May 2022

Was ist neu?

Definition und Inzidenz Monoklonale Gammopathien sind häufig, haben jedoch nicht immer eine klinische Bedeutung.

Diagnose Sie wird über Serumelektrophorese, Immunfixation und Bestimmung der freien Leichtketten gestellt. Für die Aufarbeitung eines auszuschließenden multiplen Myeloms gibt es konkrete, risikoadaptierte Empfehlungen. Die weitere Diagnostik besteht dann aus einer Knochenmarkpunktion, einer Untersuchung des 24h-Sammelurins und einer Ganzkörper-Bildgebung. Zum Ausschluss auch kleiner Osteolysen sollte anstatt der historischen Röntgenaufnahmen nach „Pariser Schema“ eine CT ohne Kontrastmittel durchgeführt werden. Mit der MRT gelingt der Nachweis fokaler Läsionen im Knochenmark.

Verlaufskontrollen und Prognose Eine MGUS-Verlaufskontrolle sollte nach individuellem Risiko geplant werden. Dennoch weisen Personen mit MGUS eine erhöhte Morbidität auf. Man findet hier häufiger Osteoporosen und ein erhöhtes Infektionsrisiko.

MGUS-assoziierte Erkrankungen In den meisten Fällen genügen für die weitere Abklärung eine gründliche Anamnese und körperliche Untersuchung.
Radiosynoviorthese – Nuklidproduktion und Distribution
Authors: Fischer Manfred , Wanke Carsten
Published: May 2022

Bei entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen stellt die Radiosynoviorthese (RSO) eine seit langem gut etablierte Therapieoption dar, und auch in der Therapie der pigmentierten villonodulären Synovitis spielt die RSO eine Rolle. Bei dieser Therapie kommen die Betastrahler 90Y, 169Er und 186Re zur intraartikulären Applikation zur Anwendung. Die hierfür verwendeten Radiopharmaka sind seit vielen Jahren zugelassen und kommerziell erhältlich. Dieser Artikel fasst Informationen über die Herstellung der Radionuklide sowie die Produktion, Zulassung und Distribution der Radiopharmaka zusammen.
Die dentale Seite der Hypophosphatasie – ein
Fallbericht
Authors: Heß Jeanine , Stoelzel Peggy
Published: May 2022

Die Hypophosphatasie (HPP) zählt zu den seltenen angeborenen
Erkrankungen. Der hauptsächlich den Knochen- und Mineralstoffwechsel
betreffende Gendefekt kann dabei autosomal-rezessiv oder autosomal-dominant
vererbt werden. Die Funktionsverlustvariationen im ALPL-Gen verursachen einen
Mangel des Enzyms der gewebeunspezifischen alkalischen Phosphatase (TNSALP).
Dieses Isoenzym spielt auch bei der Formierung von Hydroxylapatit eine
hochrelevante Rolle. Die wichtigste anorganische Komponente von Zähnen
und Knochen ist das Hydroxylapatit. Das klinische Bild der Hypophosphatasie ist
sehr facettenreich und präsentiert sich von der sehr schweren, zumeist
letalen, perinatalen Form bis zur milden adulten Form mit dem Beginn im
späten Erwachsenenalter. Unabhängig von Altersgruppen sind die
am häufigsten auftretenden Symptome Mineralisationsstörungen bei
Knochen und Zähnen. Häufig ist die vorzeitige Exfoliation von
Milchzähnen ein erstes klinisches Symptom. Im Folgenden wird der dentale
Verlauf eines Patienten mit infantiler HPP über mehrere Jahre aufgezeigt
und zur Veranschaulichung einer Patientin ohne Hypophosphatasie
gegenübergestellt. Wann immer möglich, sollten
Hypophosphatasiepatienten durch ein multidisziplinäres Team betreut
werden, welches die Behandlungsziele kontinuierlich an die sich
ändernden klinischen Erfordernisse anpasst. Bereits anamnestisch sollte
bei vorzeitiger Lockerung und Exfoliation ohne vorausgegangenes Trauma in der
ersten Dentition an eine HPP gedacht und eine weitere medizinische
Abklärung veranlasst werden.
Neue Therapien akuter und chronischer Beckenvenen-Obstruktionen
Authors: Lichtenberg Michael
Published: May 2022

Was ist neu?

Pathophysiologie und klinische Evaluierung des postthrombotischen Syndroms Iliokavale Obstruktionen und die damit einhergehenden pathologischen Veränderungen können mittels MR- und CT-Venografie dargestellt werden. Beide Verfahren eignen sich insbesondere, zugrunde liegende Kompressionspathologien wie ein May-Thurner-Syndrom sicher zu erkennen. Da in ca. 80 % der iliofemoralen Thrombosefälle eine iliakale, hämodynamisch relevante Obstruktion zu finden ist, sollte vor einer invasiven Therapie bevorzugt eine MR-Venografie (insbesondere bei jungen Patienten) zur Diagnostik eingesetzt werden.

Endovaskuläre Therapie der akuten iliofemoralen Thrombose Während der letzten Jahre wurde insbesondere durch die pharmakomechanische und mechanische Thrombektomie eine breite und ausreichende Evidenzsituation geschaffen, um diese Verfahren in die nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien aufzunehmen. Die Leitlinien kommen zu der Aussage, dass eine frühe Thrombus-beseitigende Maßnahme bei iliofemoraler Thrombose das Auftreten eines postthrombotischen Syndroms in seiner Häufigkeit und Schwere reduzieren kann.

Therapie der chronischen Beckenvenen-Obstruktion Chronisch-venöse Obstruktionen können mit oder ohne Beteiligung der V. femoralis communis vorliegen. Diese Unterscheidung ist therapierelevant. Die erste Gruppe kann ausschließlich endovaskulär therapiert werden, bei der zweiten Gruppe ist eventuell ein Hybridverfahren notwendig.