bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communication from the Zoo: Reports from Zoological Facilities of the Impact of COVID-19 Closures on Animals
Authors: Hunton Violet , Rendle Jessica , Carter Anne , Williams Ellen
Published: June 2022

Zoos engaged in a range of communication types with prospective visitors during the temporary closures necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to (1) investigate social media reports and public responses to zoo-animal-related posts over a one-year period during COVID-19 lockdowns; (2) understand the use of reporting language in news articles concerning animal responses during zoo closures, and to investigate whether this differed across species; and (3) investigate how keepers perceived general animal behavior, and how they perceived animal behavior in keeper–animal interactions, during the COVID-19 facility closures. Data were collected from BIAZA-accredited zoos’ Facebook pages (March 2020 to March 2021) and news reports (Google search outputs from 20 March to 5 April 2021). Keeper perceptions were captured via questionnaires (May to August 2021). Data were collected on taxa, the reported behavioral changes and the language used in media communications. In Facebook posts and news reports, mammals were more frequently represented than was expected (p < 0.05). Behavioral responses were more frequently negative (p < 0.05) and less frequently positive or neutral (p < 0.05). Keepers reported overall behavioral changes, as well as changes during their own interactions with animals. On Facebook, mammals were described using a combination of behavioral descriptions and anthropomorphic terms, which were used more frequently than was expected (p < 0.05). In the news reports concerning primate species, anthropomorphic descriptions were used more frequently than expected (p < 0.05), while behavioral descriptions were used less frequently than expected (p < 0.05). The reports regarding the Carnivora were the reverse of this. This study enabled an understanding of the impact of the temporary closures on the animals, and how this impact was communicated to the public. The findings may reflect the relationships that humans have with animals and the need for communication methods that will capture visitors’ interest and induce empathy with the various species.
Landscape-Based Transformation of Young Industrial Landscapes
Authors: Heesche Johanne , Braae Ellen Marie , Jørgensen Gertrud
Published: June 2022

Due to deindustrialisation, young industrial landscapes (YILs), stemming roughly from the 1930s to the 1970s and located in the suburbs of Copenhagen, are partly abandoned, partly in use, and partly used for non-industrial purposes. By virtue of their location, size, and unused and underused subareas, YILs can potentially meet major urbanisation aims, such as densification and mixed-use development, yet the redevelopment of YILs often happens from a hypothetical virgin land position, disregarding the existing features of these sites. In this paper, we aim to introduce value-sustaining strategies for a more site-informed transformation of YILs. The specific objective is to investigate and understand the landscape-based transformation of young industrial landscapes by making explicit use of their site features in what we label the landscape. Based on a literature study of the emerging phenomenon, a screening of landscape-based projects and a case study, we present a set of qualifying strategies to guide future landscape-based transformations: porosity, reuse, re-naturing, and open-endedness. The complimentary spatial, multi-scalar, and temporal strategies were demonstrated through the study of the five European cases: Alter Flugplatz Kalbach, Hersted Industripark, IBA Emscher Park, Louvre Lens Museum Park, and Parc aux Angéliques, to exemplify how the strategies could guide the landscape-based transformation of YILs or similar types of large-scale landscapes. Although apparently straight forward, the formulation of the four strategies linking ethics and transformation practices provides a much needed set of values and tools in the current, and also historical, redevelopment of YILs, which are a significant part of our urbanised landscapes, to better address societal challenges.
Salicylic Acid, a Multifaceted Hormone, Combats Abiotic Stresses in Plants
Authors: Liu Junli , Qiu Gaoyang , Liu Chen , Li Hua , Chen Xiaodong , Fu Qinglin , Lin Yicheng , Guo Bin
Published: June 2022

In recent decades, many new and exciting findings have paved the way to the better understanding of plant responses in various environmental changes. Some major areas are focused on role of phytohormone during abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid (SA) is one such plant hormone that has been implicated in processes not limited to plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stress. This review summarizes the various roles and functions of SA in mitigating abiotic stresses to plants, including heating, chilling, salinity, metal toxicity, drought, ultraviolet radiation, etc. Consistent with its critical roles in plant abiotic tolerance, this review identifies the gaps in the literature with regard to the complex signalling network between SA and reactive oxygen species, ABA, Ca2+, and nitric oxide. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying signalling networks that control development and stress responses in plants and underscore prospects for future research on SA concerning abiotic-stressed plants are also discussed.
Obstetrical and Fertility Outcomes Following Transcatheter Pelvic Arterial Embolization for Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Cohort Follow-Up Study
Authors: Radan Anda-Petronela , Schneider Sophie , Zdanowicz Jarmila A. , Raio Luigi , Mertineit Nando , Heverhagen Johannes Thomas , Surbek Daniel V.
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Management of severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) includes transcatheter pelvic arterial embolization (TAE). Data regarding subsequent fertility and obstetrical outcomes is limited, as most fertility outcomes derive from TAE in uterine fibroma. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing TAE, particularly concerning subsequent fertility and following pregnancies. Material and methods: We included 28 patients who underwent TAE for PPH at our institution between 2009 and 2018 in a retrospective cohort study. Data were assessed by reviewing patients’ charts and by contacting the patients. Results: Ten patients had prophylactic balloon occlusion before cesarean section because of anticipated PPH, with planned hysterectomy by placenta increta/percreta. All these patients were excluded from the analysis regarding fertility. 16 (73%) patients reported having regular menstruation after TAE. In total, 11 women had no desire for subsequent pregnancy. Seven of the remaining 11 patients (63.6%) had a total of 13 spontaneous pregnancies, nine of these resulted in miscarriages. Four patients delivered a live baby (36.4%). Two of these (50%) had recurrent PPH and treatment was conservative. Of the patients with infertility (n = 4, 36.4%), two (18.1%) underwent assisted infertility treatment without success. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the fertility of patients undergoing TAE due to PPH is limited. In women who conceive, the risk for first trimester miscarriage as well as recurrent PPH seems to be increased. If this is a consequence of the underlying cause of PPH or the TAE remains unknown. Larger follow-up cohorts are needed. In the meantime, patients who desire pregnancy after TAE should be counseled accordingly.
Microstructure Evolution in Plastic Deformed Bismuth Telluride for the Enhancement of Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Shen Haishan , Kim In-Yea , Lim Jea-Hong , Cho Hong-Baek , Choa Yong-Ho
Published: June 2022

Thermoelectric generators are solid-state energy-converting devices that are promising alternative energy sources. However, during the fabrication of these devices, many waste scraps that are not eco-friendly and with high material cost are produced. In this work, a simple powder processing technology is applied to prepare n-type Bi2Te3 pellets by cold pressing (high pressure at room temperature) and annealing the treatment with a canning package to recycle waste scraps. High-pressure cold pressing causes the plastic deformation of densely packed pellets. Then, the thermoelectric properties of pellets are improved through high-temperature annealing (500 ∘C) without phase separation. This enhancement occurs because tellurium cannot escape from the canning package. In addition, high-temperature annealing induces rapid grain growth and rearrangement, resulting in a porous structure. Electrical conductivity is increased by abnormal grain growth, whereas thermal conductivity is decreased by the porous structure with phonon scattering. Owing to the low thermal conductivity and satisfactory electrical conductivity, the highest ZT value (i.e., 1.0) is obtained by the samples annealed at 500 ∘C. Hence, the proposed method is suitable for a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way.
Experimental Study of Soft Ballistic Packages with Embroidered Structures Fabricated by Using the Tailored Fiber Placement Technique
Authors: Gloger Maciej , Stempien Zbigniew
Published: June 2022

Textile ballistic shields are the basis of protection against bullets and fragments with low kinetic energy. They are usually made of para-aramid fabrics or unidirectional structure (UD) sheets of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The aim of the research presented in the article was to obtain ballistic packages made of embroidered structures and to compare their ballistic properties with those of woven structures in terms of deformation of the standardized ballistic substrate after impact with a 9 mm bullet at a velocity of 380 ± 3 m/s. Using the tailored fiber placement method, embroidered structures were fabricated by embroidering two sets of para-aramid threads at an angle of 90°. As the woven structures, the use of para-aramid fabric made of the same yarn and with a surface weight comparable to that of embroidered structures was adopted. Ballistic packages consisted of 26 layers in five variants, also taking into account the hybrid arrangement of woven and embroidered layers. Ballistic tests have shown that the best ballistic properties have hybrid packages made by folding 13 woven and then 13 embroidered layers, where the maximum deformation of the plasticine substrate is below 23 mm. The conducted research confirmed that embroidered structures in appropriate combination with woven structures can significantly improve the ballistic properties of textile packages.
Integration of Hot Isostatic Pressing and Heat Treatment for Advanced Modified γ-TiAl TNM Alloys
Authors: Bernal Daniel , Chamorro Xabier , Hurtado Iñaki , Lopez-Galilea Inmaculada , Bürger David , Weber Sebastian , Madariaga Iñaki
Published: June 2022

The conventional processing route of TNM (Ti-Nb-Mo) alloys combines casting and Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) followed by forging and multiple heat treatments to establish optimum properties. This is a time-consuming and costly process. In this study we present an advanced alternative TNM alloy processing route combining HIP and heat treatments into a single process, which we refer to as IHT (integrated HIP heat treatment), applied to a modified TNM alloy with 1.5B. A Quintus HIP lab unit with a quenching module was used, achieving fast and controlled cooling, which differs from the slow cooling rates of conventional HIP units. A Ti-42.5Al-3.5Nb-1Mo-1.5B (at.%) was subjected to an integrated two HIP steps at 200 MPa, one at 1250 °C for 3 h and another at 1260 °C for 1 h, both under a protective Ar atmosphere and followed by cooling at 30 K/min down to room temperature. The results were compared against the Ti-43.5Al-3.5Nb-1Mo-0.8B (at.%) thermomechanically processed in a conventional way. Applying IHT processing to the 1.5B alloy does indeed achieve good creep strength, and the secondary creep rate of the IHT processed materials is similar to that of conventionally forged TNM alloys. Thus, the proposed advanced IHT processing route could manufacture more cost-effective TiAl components.
Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with TiO2 Stripes
Authors: Lai Wen-Feng , Chao Pei-Ling , Lin Xin-Yu , Chen Yin-Pei , Liu Jih-Hsin , Lin Tz-Feng , Hsu Wei-Chou , Huang Chia-Yi
Published: June 2022

A TiO2 strip array with a thickness of 90 nm was fabricated by photolithography and physical vapor deposition. This work utilized the chemical and physical methods to fabricate the TiO2 strip array. A porous semiconductor layer made of TiO2 nanoparticles was coated on the TiO2 strip array. The TiO2 strip array has a one-dimensional protrusive structure. The energy conversion efficiency (4.38%) of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with the TiO2 strip array exceeded that (3.20%) of a DSSC without a TiO2 strip array by 37%. In addition, this result was verified by the electrochemical impedance spectra of the two DSSCs. Therefore, the TiO2 strip array can be used to increase the energy conversion efficiencies of DSSCs. The large energy conversion efficiency of the DSSC with the TiO2 strip array arises from the large surface area of the one-dimensional protrusive structure and its specific electron transport paths. The DSSC with the TiO2 strip array has advantages of economical production cost, easy fabrication, and boosting energy conversion efficiency.
Newly Synthesized Morpholinyl Mannich Bases as Corrosion Inhibitors for N80 Steel in Acid Environment
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Chen Zhonghua , Zhuo Yaowen
Published: June 2022

New Mannich bases, 3-morpholino-1-phenylpropan-1-one (MPO) and 3-morpholino-1-phenyl-3-(pyridin-4-yl) propan-1-one (MPPO), were synthesized, characterized, and studied as corrosion inhibitors for N80 steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentrations, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the MPO and MPPO could reach 90.3% and 91.4%, respectively, at a concentration of 300 ppm at 305 K. The effect of the temperature on the corrosion inhibition behavior of inhibitors was discussed. Electrochemical tests showed that the synthesized inhibitors are mixed. The EIS test results showed that the presence of MPO and MPPO reduced the double-layer capacitance in the corrosion process, thereby reducing the charge transfer resistance. The SEM and EDX results showed that the MPO and MPPO formed a uniform adsorption film on the surface of the N80 steel. The adsorption mechanism of the inhibitors was simulated with different adsorption models and the results showed that the inhibitors were the chemisorbed type. The results of the FT-IR spectroscopy proved that the inhibitor interacted with metal atoms on the steel surface.
Experimental Investigation of Different Fineness and Firing Temperatures on Pellets Properties of Different Iron Ore fines from Indian Mines
Authors: Prasad Rakesh , Soren Shatrughan , Kumaraswamidhas L. A. , Pandey Chandan , Pan S. K.
Published: June 2022

In India, during mining and ore processing, ore fine generation is a common phenomenon, in which more than 60% of process ore becomes discarded material. To explore the alternative of high-grade ores, mutual replacement with the utility of dump ore fines is the best way. With this perspective, Kiruburu iron ore mine (Iron Ore No.1) and Meghataburu iron ore mine (Iron Ore No.2) dumped fines were chosen for a Blaine no. investigation, in the connection of firing temperatures, to get optimum desirable physical properties, Cold Compression Strength (C.C.S.),and Apparent Porosity (A.P.), with physico-chemical properties, Reducibility Degradation Index (R.D.I.), and Reducibility Index (R.I.). To characterize pellet properties with input variables, a microstructure phase study has been conducted using a scanning electron microscope (S.E.M.), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The Iron Ore No.1 and 2 fine pellets survey showed good, desirable properties, at the Blaine no., of 1678 cm2/g and 2311 cm2/g (corresponding to 200 mesh size), and the best results are attained at a firing temperature of 1300 °C. Thermal kinetic analysis of the heating of pellets has been done to knowthe activation energy of different ore characteristics. The results showed that Iron Ore No.2 pellets have high activation energy.
Nonstoichiometric LaO0.65F1.7 Structure and Its Green Luminescence Property Doped with Bi3+ and Tb3+ Ions for Applying White UV LEDs
Authors: Yang Sungjun , Shin Seungyong , Ha Heonji , Park Sangmoon
Published: June 2022

Red–green–blue phosphors excited by ultraviolet (UV) radiation for white light LEDs have received much attention to improve the efficiency, color rendering index (CRI), and chromatic stability. The spectral conversion of a rare-earth ion-doped nonstoichiometric LaO0.65F1.7 host was explored with structural analysis in this report. The nonstoichiometric structure of a LaO0.65F1.7 compound, synthesized by a solid-state reaction using La2O3 and excess NH4F precursors, was analyzed by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. The crystallized LaO0.65F1.7 host, which had a tetragonal space group of P4/nmm, contained 9- and 10-coordinated La3+ sites. Optical materials composed of La1−p−qBipTbqO0.65F1.7 (p = 0 and 0.01; q = 0–0.2) were prepared at 1050 °C for 2 h, and the single phase of the obtained phosphors was indexed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The photoluminescence spectra of the energy transfer from Bi3+ to Tb3+ were obtained upon excitation at 286 nm in the nonstoichiometric host lattice. The desired Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) values of the phosphors were calculated. The intense green La0.89Bi0.01Tb0.1O0.65F1.7 phosphor with blue and red optical materials was fabricated on a 275 nm UV-LED chip, resulting in white light, and the internal quantum efficiency, CRI, correlated color temperature, and CIE of the pc LED were characterized.
Picosecond Laser Shock Micro-Forming of Stainless Steel: Influence of High-Repetition Pulses on Thermal Effects
Authors: López José Manuel , Munoz-Martin David , Moreno-Labella Juan José , Panizo-Laiz Miguel , Gomez-Rosas Gilberto , Molpeceres Carlos , Morales Miguel
Published: June 2022

A study of the peen forming of thin stainless steel metal foils (50 μm thick) using a solid-state ps-pulsed laser, emitting at a wavelength of 1064 nm was conducted. The pitch distance between consecutive laser pulses was kept constant by tuning the laser repetition rate from 0.4 to 10 kHz, and subsequently the scanning speed. The induced bending angle and the radius of curvature were used to measure the effect of the treatment. Their dependence on the pulse energy, the treated area, the distance between lines, and the laser repetition rate was studied. High repetition rates do not allow the sample to cool down, affecting the bending to the point of being negligible. An FEM simulation and experiments were carried out to prove that the increase in temperature due to high repetition rate can relax the stresses induced by laser peen treatment, thus preventing bending in the sample.
Fuzzy Fusion of Stereo Vision, Odometer, and GPS for Tracking Land Vehicles
Authors: Villaseñor-Aguilar Marcos J. , Peralta-López José E. , Lázaro-Mata David , García-Alcalá Carlos E. , Padilla-Medina José A. , Perez-Pinal Francisco J. , Vázquez-López José A. , Barranco-Gutiérrez Alejandro I.
Published: June 2022

The incorporation of high precision vehicle positioning systems has been demanded by the autonomous electric vehicle (AEV) industry. For this reason, research on visual odometry (VO) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to reduce positioning errors automatically has become essential in this field. In this work, a new method to reduce the error in the absolute location of AEV using fuzzy logic (FL) is presented. The cooperative data fusion of GPS, odometer, and stereo camera signals is then performed to improve the estimation of AEV localization. Although the most important challenge of this work focuses on the reduction in the odometry error in the vehicle, the defiance of synchrony and the information fusion of sources of different nature is solved. This research is integrated by three phases: data acquisition, data fusion, and statistical evaluation. The first one is data acquisition by using an odometer, a GPS, and a ZED camera in AVE’s trajectories. The second one is the data analysis and fuzzy fusion design using the MatLab 2019® fuzzy logic toolbox. The last is the statistical evaluation of the positioning error of the different sensors. According to the obtained results, the proposed model with the lowest error is that which uses all sensors as input (stereo camera, odometer, and GPS). It can be highlighted that the best proposed model manages to reduce the positioning mean absolute error (MAE) up to 25% with respect to the state of the art.
Reward-Penalty Mechanism or Subsidy Mechanism: A Closed-Loop Supply Chain Perspective
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Guan Jie , Zhang Mengxin , Qi Jinyu , Lv Jia , Huang Guoliang
Published: June 2022

The government plays a crucial role in regulating the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). We investigated the reward-penalty mechanism (RPM) for the manufacturer and the subsidy mechanism (SM) for the collector in CLSCs. The government’s goal is to maximize social welfare. Based on the centralized and decentralized decision-making models without government intervention, we developed two CLSC models where the government rewards or penalizes the manufacturer and subsidizes the collector. Then, the impact of government input cost and environmental benefit coefficients on the decision variable, firm’s profit and social welfare was analyzed. We found the following conclusions: (i) both RPM and SM increase the collection rate and the profit of CLSC partners, while the price of a new product decreases if the environmental benefit coefficient is moderate; (ii) social welfare and the profits of the manufacturer and retailer under RPM are higher than under SM, while a collector’s profit under RPM is lower than that under SM; (iii) RPM is more feasible to implement in terms of the higher collection rate, buyback price and social welfare. These conclusions could provide several managerial implications for both the government and partners of the CLSC.
Subcutaneous and Intraosseous Fat Necrosis Associated with Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Zivadinovic Jelena D. , Stojanovic Marko M. , Stosic Marija D. , Zivadinovic Aleksandar R. , Jankovic Radmilo , Gmijovic Marko D. , Golubovic Ilija , Stosic Biljana , Ignjatovic Nebojsa S. , Stojanovic Miroslav P.
Published: June 2022

Background: Extra-abdominal manifestations of fat necrosis, like subcutaneous fat necrosis, polyarthritis, and polyserositis may appear with an occurrence rate of about 0.8%, wherein intraosseous fat necrosis is a more rare complication of pancreatitis, with few reports in English literature. Case report: A 34-year-old male with a 15-year-history of alcohol abuse was hospitalized several times in the last few years because of attacks of relapsed chronic pancreatitis. After the last attack, pancreatitis came in a stable state (“burned out”) with no symptoms and signs of the disease. The patient had been free of symptoms for 28 months since the last admission when he came with sub-febrile temperature, huge pain, swelling, and erythema in the area of the left lateral malleolar region with propagation in the foot. Blood biochemistry was normal. Conventional radiography showed multiple sites of osteolysis in the left calcaneus. Images on multislice computed tomography (MSCT) with 3D reconstruction revealed hypodense focuses that corresponded to osteonecrosis areas and bone marrow edema in the left calcaneus. Conclusions: The possibility of intraosseous fat necrosis should be considered in situations of unexplained polyarthritis or panniculitis, particularly in individuals with alcohol abuse or pancreatic disease.
Micro-Milling Tool Wear Monitoring via Nonlinear Cutting Force Model
Authors: Liu Tongshun , Wang Qian , Wang Weisu
Published: June 2022

Mechanistic cutting force model has the potential for monitoring micro-milling tool wear. However, the existing studies mainly consider the linear cutting force model, and they are incompetent to monitor the micro-milling tool wear which has a significant nonlinear effect on the cutting force due to the cutting-edge radius size effect. In this study, a nonlinear mechanistic cutting force model considering the comprehensive effect of cutting-edge radius and tool wear on the micro-milling force is constructed for micro-milling tool wear monitoring. A stepwise offline optimization approach is proposed to estimate the multiple parameters of the model. By minimizing the gap between the theoretical force expressed by the nonlinear model and the force measured in real-time, the tool wear condition is online monitored. Experiments show that, compared with the linear model, the nonlinear model has significantly improved cutting force prediction accuracy and tool wear monitoring accuracy.
Overview of the MEMS Pirani Sensors
Authors: Xu Shaohang , Zhou Na , Shi Meng , Zhang Chenchen , Chen Dapeng , Mao Haiyang
Published: June 2022

Vacuum equipment has a wide range of applications, and vacuum monitoring in such equipment is necessary in order to meet practical applications. Pirani sensors work by using the effect of air density on the heat conduction of the gas to cause temperature changes in sensitive structures, thus detecting the pressure in the surrounding environment and thus vacuum monitoring. In past decades, MEMS Pirani sensors have received considerable attention and practical applications because of their advances in simple structures, long service life, wide measurement range and high sensitivity. This review systematically summarizes and compares different types of MEMS Pirani sensors. The configuration, material, mechanism, and performance of different types of MEMS Pirani sensors are discussed, including the ones based on thermistors, thermocouples, diodes and surface acoustic wave. Further, the development status of novel Pirani sensors based on functional materials such as nanoporous materials, carbon nanotubes and graphene are investigated, and the possible future development directions for MEMS Pirani sensors are discussed. This review is with the purpose to focus on a generalized knowledge of MEMS Pirani sensors, thus inspiring the investigations on their practical applications.
Prevalence and Genomic Diversity of Salmonella enterica Recovered from River Water in a Major Agricultural Region in Northwestern Mexico
Authors: González-López Irvin , Medrano-Félix José Andrés , Castro-del Campo Nohelia , López-Cuevas Osvaldo , González-Gómez Jean Pierre , Valdez-Torres José Benigno , Aguirre-Sánchez José Roberto , Martínez-Urtaza Jaime , Gómez-Gil Bruno , Lee Bertram G. , Quiñones Beatriz , Chaidez Cristóbal
Published: June 2022

Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of human gastrointestinal disease worldwide. Given that Salmonella is persistent in aquatic environments, this study examined the prevalence, levels and genotypic diversity of Salmonella isolates recovered from major rivers in an important agricultural region in northwestern Mexico. During a 13-month period, a total of 143 river water samples were collected and subjected to size-exclusion ultrafiltration, followed by enrichment, and selective media for Salmonella isolation and quantitation. The recovered Salmonella isolates were examined by next-generation sequencing for genome characterization. Salmonella prevalence in river water was lower in the winter months (0.65 MPN/100 mL) and significantly higher in the summer months (13.98 MPN/100 mL), and a Poisson regression model indicated a negative effect of pH and salinity and a positive effect of river water temperature (p = 0.00) on Salmonella levels. Molecular subtyping revealed Oranienburg, Anatum and Saintpaul were the most predominant Salmonella serovars. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogeny revealed that the detected 27 distinct serovars from river water clustered in two major clades. Multiple nonsynonymous SNPs were detected in stiA, sivH, and ratA, genes required for Salmonella fitness and survival, and these findings identified relevant markers to potentially develop improved methods for characterizing this pathogen.
Biofertilizer: The Future of Food Security and Food Safety
Authors: Daniel Augustine Innalegwu , Fadaka Adewale Oluwaseun , Gokul Arun , Bakare Olalekan Olanrewaju , Aina Omolola , Fisher Stacey , Burt Adam Frank , Mavumengwana Vuyo , Keyster Marshall , Klein Ashwil
Published: June 2022

There is a direct correlation between population growth and food demand. As the global population continues to rise, there is a need to scale up food production to meet the food demand of the population. In addition, the arable land over time has lost its naturally endowed nutrients. Hence, alternative measures such as fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides are used to fortify the soil and scale up the production rate. As efforts are being made to meet this food demand and ensure food security, it is equally important to ensure food safety for consumption. Food safety measures need to be put in place throughout the food production chain lines. One of the fundamental measures is the use of biofertilizers or plant growth promoters instead of chemical or synthesized fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides that poise several dangers to human and animal health. Biofertilizers competitively colonize plant root systems, which, in turn, enhance nutrient uptake, increase productivity and crop yield, improve plants’ tolerance to stress and their resistance to pathogens, and improve plant growth through mechanisms such as the mobilization of essential elements, nutrients, and plant growth hormones. Biofertilizers are cost-effective and ecofriendly in nature, and their continuous usage enhances soil fertility. They also increase crop yield by up to about 10–40% by increasing protein contents, essential amino acids, and vitamins, and by nitrogen fixation. This review therefore highlighted different types of biofertilizers and the mechanisms by which they elicit their function to enhance crop yield to meet food demand. In addition, the review also addressed the role of microorganisms in promoting plant growth and the various organisms that are beneficial for enhancing plant growth.
Phytochemical Study and Antiglioblastoma Activity Assessment of Plectranthus hadiensis (Forssk.) Schweinf. ex Sprenger var. hadiensis Stems
Authors: Domínguez-Martín Eva María , Magalhães Mariana , Díaz-Lanza Ana María , Marques Mário P. , Princiotto Salvatore , Gómez Ana M. , Efferth Thomas , Cabral Célia , Rijo Patricia
Published: June 2022

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most malignant form of primary astrocytoma, accounting for more than 60% of all brain tumors in adults. Nowadays, due to the development of multidrug resistance causing relapses to the current treatments and the development of severe side effects resulting in reduced survival rates, new therapeutic approaches are needed. The genus Plectranthus belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is known to be rich in abietane-type diterpenes, which possess antitumor activity. Specifically, P. hadiensis (Forssk.) Schweinf. ex Sprenger has been documented for the use against brain tumors. Therefore, the aim of this work was to perform the bioguided isolation of compounds from the acetonic extract of P. hadiensis stems and to investigate the in vitro antiglioblastoma activity of the extract and its isolated constituents. After extraction, six fractions were obtained from the acetonic extract of P. hadiensis stems. In a preliminary biological screening, the fractions V and III showed the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. None of the fractions were toxic in the Artemia salina assay. We obtained different abietane-type diterpenes such as 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone (Roy) and 6β,7β-dihydroxyroyleanone (DiRoy), which was also in agreement with the HPLC-DAD profile of the extract. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity was assessed in a glioma tumor cell line panel by the Alamar blue assay. After 48 h treatment, Roy exerted strong antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects against tumor cells with low IC50 values among the different cell lines. Finally, we synthesized a new fluorescence derivative in this study to evaluate the biodistribution of Roy. The uptake of BODIPY-7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone by GB cells was associated with increased intracellular fluorescence, supporting the antiproliferative effects of Roy. In conclusion, Roy is a promising natural compound that may serve as a lead compound for further derivatization to develop future therapeutic strategies against GB.
The Denaturant- and Mutation-Induced Disassembly of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Hexameric Hfq Y55W Mutant
Authors: Marchenkov Victor , Lekontseva Natalia , Marchenko Natalia , Kashparov Ivan , Murina Victoriia , Nikulin Alexey , Filimonov Vladimir , Semisotnov Gennady
Published: June 2022

Although oligomeric proteins are predominant in cells, their folding is poorly studied at present. This work is focused on the denaturant- and mutation-induced disassembly of the hexameric mutant Y55W of the Qβ host factor (Hfq) from mesophilic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pae). Using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we show that the dissociation of Hfq Y55W occurs either under the effect of GuHCl or during the pre-denaturing transition, when the protein concentration is decreased, with both events proceeding through the accumulation of stable intermediate states. With an extremely low pH of 1.4, a low ionic strength, and decreasing protein concentration, the accumulated trimers and dimers turn into monomers. Also, we report on the structural features of monomeric Hfq resulting from a triple mutation (D9A/V43R/Y55W) within the inter-subunit surface of the protein. This globular and rigidly packed monomer displays a high thermostability and an oligomer-like content of the secondary structure, although its urea resistance is much lower.
Euphorbiasteroid Abrogates EGFR and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Impart Anticancer Activity
Authors: Kim Na Young , Mohan Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Sethi Gautam , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Ahn Kwang Seok
Published: June 2022

EGFR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways play a prominent role in tumor progression in various human cancers including non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Transactivation and crosstalk between the EGFR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways may contribute to the aggressiveness of cancers. Targeting these oncogenic pathways with small molecules is an attractive approach to counteract various types of cancers. In this study, we demonstrate the effect of euphorbiasteroid (EPBS) on the EGFR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in NSCLC cells. EPBS induced preferential cytotoxicity toward A549 (wildtype EGFR-expressing) cells over PC-9 (mutant EGFR-expressing) cells. EPBS suppressed the expression of EGFR, Wnt3a, β-catenin, and FZD-1, and the reduction in β-catenin levels was found to be mediated through the activation of GSK-3β. EPBS reduced the phosphorylation of GSK-3βS9 with a parallel increase in β-TrCP and phosphorylation of GSK-3βY216. Lithium chloride treatment increased the phosphorylation of GSK-3βS9 and nuclear localization of β-catenin, whereas EPBS reverted these effects. Forced expression or depletion of EGFR in NSCLC cells increased or decreased the levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and FZD-1, respectively. Overall, EPBS abrogates EGFR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways to impart its anticancer activity in NSCLC cells.
Discovery of GSK3β Inhibitors through In Silico Prediction-and-Experiment Cycling Strategy, and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Lee Yuno , Yoon Sae-Bom , Hong Hyowon , Kim Hyun Young , Jung Daeyoung , Moon Byoung-San , Park Woo-Kyu , Lee Sunkyung , Kwon Hyukjin , Park Jihyeong , Cho Heeyeong
Published: June 2022

Direct inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) have been investigated and reported for the past 20 years. In the search for novel scaffold inhibitors, 3000 compounds were selected through structure-based virtual screening (SBVS), and then high-throughput enzyme screening was performed. Among the active hit compounds, pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine derivatives showed strong inhibitory potencies on the GSK3β enzyme and markedly activated Wnt signaling. The result of the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, enhanced by the upper-wall restraint, was used as an advanced structural query for the SBVS. In this study, strong inhibitors designed to inhibit the GSK3β enzyme were discovered through SBVS. Our study provides structural insights into the binding mode of the inhibitors for further lead optimization.
Highlighting Recent Crystalline Engineering Aspects of Luminescent Coordination Polymers Based on F-Elements and Ditopic Aliphatic Ligands
Authors: D’Vries Richard F. , Gomez Germán E. , Ellena Javier
Published: June 2022

Three principal factors may influence the final structure of coordination polymers (CPs): (i) the nature of the ligand, (ii) the type and coordination number of the metal center, and (iii) the reaction conditions. Further, flexible carboxylate aliphatic ligands have been widely employed as building blocks for designing and synthesizing CPs, resulting in a diverse array of materials with exciting architectures, porosities, dimensionalities, and topologies as well as an increasing number of properties and applications. These ligands show different structural features, such as torsion angles, carbon backbone number, and coordination modes, which affect the desired products and so enable the generation of polymorphs or crystalline phases. Additionally, due to their large coordination numbers, using 4f and 5f metals as coordination centers combined with aliphatic ligands increases the possibility of obtaining different crystal phases. Additionally, by varying the synthetic conditions, we may control the production of a specific solid phase by understanding the thermodynamic and kinetic factors that influence the self-assembly process. This revision highlights the relationship between the structural variety of CPs based on flexible carboxylate aliphatic ligands and f-elements (lanthanide and actinides) and their outstanding luminescent properties such as solid-state emissions, sensing, and photocatalysis. In this sense, we present a structural analysis of the CPs reported with the oxalate ligand, as the one rigid ligand of the family, and other flexible dicarboxylate linkers with –CH2– spacers. Additionally, the nature of the luminescence properties of the 4f or 5f-CPs is analyzed, and finally, we present a novel set of CPs using a glutarate-derived ligand and samarium, with the formula [2,2′-bipyH][Sm(HFG)2 (2,2′-bipy) (H2O)2]•(2,2′-bipy) (α-Sm) and [2,2′-bipyH][Sm(HFG)2 (2,2′-bipy) (H2O)2] (β-Sm).
An Integrated Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycomics-Driven Glycoproteomics Analytical Platform to Functionally Characterize Glycosylation Inhibitors
Authors: Alvarez Michael Russelle S. , Zhou Qingwen , Grijaldo Sheryl Joyce B. , Lebrilla Carlito B. , Nacario Ruel C. , Heralde Francisco M. , Rabajante Jomar F. , Completo Gladys C.
Published: June 2022

Cancer progression is linked to aberrant protein glycosylation due to the overexpression of several glycosylation enzymes. These enzymes are underexploited as potential anticancer drug targets and the development of rapid-screening methods and identification of glycosylation inhibitors are highly sought. An integrated bioinformatics and mass spectrometry-based glycomics-driven glycoproteomics analysis pipeline was performed to identify an N-glycan inhibitor against lung cancer cells. Combined network pharmacology and in silico screening approaches were used to identify a potential inhibitor, pictilisib, against several glycosylation-related proteins, such as Alpha1-6FucT, GlcNAcT-V, and Alpha2,6-ST-I. A glycomics assay of lung cancer cells treated with pictilisib showed a significant reduction in the fucosylation and sialylation of N-glycans, with an increase in high mannose-type glycans. Proteomics analysis and in vitro assays also showed significant upregulation of the proteins involved in apoptosis and cell adhesion, and the downregulation of proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, mRNA processing, and protein translation. Site-specific glycoproteomics analysis further showed that glycoproteins with reduced fucosylation and sialylation were involved in apoptosis, cell adhesion, DNA damage repair, and chemical response processes. To determine how the alterations in N-glycosylation impact glycoprotein dynamics, modeling of changes in glycan interactions of the ITGA5–ITGB1 (Integrin alpha 5-Integrin beta-1) complex revealed specific glycosites at the interface of these proteins that, when highly fucosylated and sialylated, such as in untreated A549 cells, form greater hydrogen bonding interactions compared to the high mannose-types in pictilisib-treated A549 cells. This study highlights the use of mass spectrometry to identify a potential glycosylation inhibitor and assessment of its impact on cell surface glycoprotein abundance and protein–protein interaction.
Potential Application of Gambogic Acid for Retarding Renal Cyst Progression in Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Khunpatee Nutchanard , Bhukhai Kanit , Chatsudthipong Varanuj , Yuajit Chaowalit
Published: June 2022

Abnormal cell proliferation and accumulation of fluid-filled cysts along the nephrons in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) could lead to a decline in renal function and eventual end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Gambogic acid (GA), a xanthone compound extracted from the brownish resin of the Garcinia hanburyi tree, exhibits various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammation, antioxidant, anti-proliferation, and anti-cancer activity. However, its effect on inhibiting cell proliferation in PKD is still unknown. This study aimed to determine the pharmacological effects and detailed mechanisms of GA in slowing an in vitro cyst growth model of PKD. The results showed that GA (0.25–2.5 μM) significantly retarded MDCK cyst growth and cyst formation in a dose-dependent manner, without cytotoxicity. Using the BrdU cell proliferation assay, it was found that GA (0.5–2.5 μM) suppressed MDCK and Pkd1 mutant cell proliferation. In addition, GA (0.5–2.5 μM) strongly inhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and S6K expression and upregulated the activation of phosphorylation of AMPK, both in MDCK cells and Pkd1 mutant cells. Taken together, these findings suggested that GA could retard MDCK cyst enlargement, at least in part by inhibiting the cell proliferation pathway. GA could be a natural plant-based drug candidate for ADPKD intervention.
Association of Vitamin D in Different Trimester with Hemoglobin during Pregnancy
Authors: Si Shuting , Peng Zhicheng , Cheng Haoyue , Zhuang Yan , Chi Peihan , Alifu Xialidan , Zhou Haibo , Mo Minjia , Yu Yunxian
Published: June 2022

The association between vitamin D and hemoglobin has been suggested. Vitamin D can affect erythropoiesis by the induction of erythroid progenitor cell proliferation and enhance iron absorption by regulating the iron-hepcidin-ferroportin axis in monocytes. However, this relationship in pregnant women is scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between plasma vitamin D levels with hemoglobin concentration in pregnant women considering each trimester and iron supplementation. The data were obtained from Zhoushan Pregnant Women Cohort, collected from 2011 to 2018. Plasma 25(OH)D was measured in each trimester using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized estimating equations and multiple linear regressions were performed. Finally, 2962 pregnant women and 4419 observations in the first trimester were included in this study. Plasma 25(OH)D in first trimester (T1) (β = 0.06, p = 0.0177), second trimester (T2) (β = 0.15, p < 0.0001), and third trimester (T3) (β = 0.12, p = 0.0006) were positively associated with Hb. Association between plasma 25(OH)D levels in T1 and Hb concentration was positively associated with gestational age (β = 0.005, p = 0.0421). Pregnant women with VD deficiency in T1 (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.07–1.88) or T2 (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.30–2.89) presented an increased risk of anemia, compared with women without VD deficiency. Moreover, the significant relationship between VD and Hb was only observed among women with iron supplementation during pregnancy. Plasma 25(OH)D levels in each trimester were positively associated with Hb concentration. Iron supplementation might be an important factor affecting the relationship between VD and Hb.
How Diet and Physical Activity Modulate Gut Microbiota: Evidence, and Perspectives
Authors: Campaniello Daniela , Corbo Maria Rosaria , Sinigaglia Milena , Speranza Barbara , Racioppo Angela , Altieri Clelia , Bevilacqua Antonio
Published: June 2022

Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis, contributing to human health. Nevertheless, some factors (sex, age, lifestyle, physical activity, drug-based therapies, diet, etc.) affect its composition and functionality, linked to pathologies and immunological diseases. Concerning diet, it interacts with microorganisms, leading to beneficial or detrimental outcomes for the health of host. On the other hand, physical activity is known to be useful for preventing and, sometimes, treating several diseases of cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, respiratory, and muscular systems. This paper focuses on diet and physical activity presenting the current knowledge about how different diets (Western, ketogenic, vegan, gluten free, Mediterranean) as well as different types of exercise (intensive, endurance, aerobic) could shape gut microbiota.
Perceptions of Diet Quality, Advice, and Dietary Interventions in Individuals with Diabetes-Related Foot Ulceration; A Qualitative Research Study
Authors: Donnelly Hailey Rae , Collins Clare Elizabeth , Haslam Rebecca , White Diane , Tehan Peta Ellen
Published: June 2022

Background: Dietary intake is a recognised contributor to healing in diabetes-related foot ulceration (DFU). However, it is currently unknown how individuals with DFU perceive their diet, and what is deemed an acceptable dietary intervention. Therefore, the aims of this study were to explore perceptions of diet quality, previous dietary advice, and dietary interventions in individuals with DFU, and secondly to determine acceptable dietary interventions in individuals with DFU to assist with wound healing. Methods: A qualitative study using reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken. Individuals with active or recent history of DFU were recruited from a high-risk foot service. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken. Results: Nineteen participants were included with three themes identified: A complex relationship with food, perceptions of food, diet and dietitians, and self-management. Dietary misconceptions were common. Self-perceived diet quality varied, with most unaware of how diet could impact wound healing. Many expressed barriers relating to food agency (purchasing, preparing, and accessing food). Participants expressed a strong preference for personalised, face-to-face dietary advice and nutritional supplementation. Conclusions: There is a need for personalised dietary re-education and assistance with food agency in this cohort to overcome commonly held misconceptions of diet and improve dietary intake to facilitate wound healing.