bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nachhaltigkeit im OP – korrelieren Sterilität, Sicherheit und Service auch mit einer ressourcenschonenden Verwendung von Medizinprodukten?
Authors: Egetemeyer Josef , Jacob Sven , Lehmann Ferdinand , Guba Markus , Werner Jens , Börner Nikolaus
Published: February 2023

In Zeiten einer nie da gewesenen Energiekriese gewinnt Nachhaltigkeit zunehmend an Bedeutung. Diese Entwicklung macht auch vor der Medizin und insbesondere vor dem OP nicht halt, da hier
eine wesentliche Menge an Treibhausgasen produziert wird. Aufgrund dieser Entwicklung stellt sich nun die Frage, ob sich Sterilität, Sicherheit und Service mit einer ressourcenschonenden
Verwendung von Medizinprodukten in Einklang zu bringen sind. Ein Ziel muss hierbei sein, Einwegartikel, die einen hohen Grad an Sterilität bieten, durch sicher wieder aufbereitbare
Mehrwegartikel zu ersetzen. Durch steigende Energiekosten sowie Lieferengpässe bietet die Wiederaufbereitung von Produkten für die Klinik zunehmende Unabhängigkeit. Weiterhin verbessert der
Weg hin zu erneuerbaren Energien bei Mehrwegprodukten den Carbon Footprint zusehends. Die gewonnene Unabhängigkeit der Kliniken bietet auch für die Patienten mehr Sicherheit, da die Gefahr
von nicht zur Verfügung stehenden Materialien verringert wird. Neben dem Ziel der zunehmenden Verwendung von Mehrwegartikeln wird auch das Recyceln von Einwegprodukten eine zunehmende Rolle
spielen. Life Cycle Assessments werden hierbei zunehmend die optimale Auswahl an Produkten steuern. Zusammenfassend bieten diese Optionen also die Möglichkeit, die zunehmende Notwendigkeit
von Nachhaltigkeit im OP umzusetzen.
Editorial
Authors: Roth Andreas , Kurth Andreas , Seefried Lothar
Published: February 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser der Osteologie,

Die Kenntnis seltener Knochenerkrankungen bringt osteologisch interessierten Kollegen
und Kolleginnen Einsichten in die Mechanismen von Störungen des
Knochenstoffwechsels und deren Behandlung. Nicht alle seltenen Knochenerkrankungen
lassen sich allerdings rein konservativ und medikamentös behandeln,
häufig sind operative Eingriffe und Korrekturen nötig und auch
sinnvoll, um späteren Schäden vorzubeugen.
Ausbau Von Primärversorgungseinheiten In Österreich
– Ein Spieltheoretischer Ansatz
Authors: Busch Anne Maria
Published: February 2023

Mit dem Zielsteuerungsvertrag von 2017 haben Bund, Länder und
Sozialversicherung in Österreich den Ausbau von
Primärversorgungseinheiten (PVE) weiter forciert. Mit Stand August 2022
sind von 75 geplanten PVE jedoch erst 36 umgesetzt. Der Artikel gibt mithilfe
von spieltheoretischen Modellen Aufschlüsse darüber, wie sich
der Marktanteil von PVE erhöhen lässt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen,
dass hierfür Kooperationen, ausgeglichene Machtverhältnisse
zwischen den Akteuren und ein Anreiz für Versicherte essentiell sind.
Auch durch öffentliche (Zu-)Zahlungen lassen sich PVE-Marktanteil sowie
Nutzenwerte der Leistungserbringer steigern. Die Ergebnisse können darin
unterstützen, die ab 2022 zur Verfügung stehenden Mittel im
Rahmen des EU-Aufbau- und Resilienzplans zur Attraktivierung und
Förderung der Primärversorgung optimal einzusetzen.
Glycemic Variability and Prognosis of Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiao Xu , Wang Huifang , Li Mingfei , Lu Yun
Published: February 2023

Glycemic disorder may affect the outcomes of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the association between glycemic variability (GV) and prognosis in these patients remains to be determined. We performed a meta-analysis to compressive the influence of GV on functional outcome and mortality in patients with ICH. Observational studies comparing the risks of poor functional outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale>2) and all-cause mortality between ICH patients with higher versus lower acute GV were retrieved by systematic search of Medline, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. A random-effect model was used to pool the data after incorporating the between-study heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the stability of the findings. Eight cohort studies involving 3400 patients with ICH were included in the meta-analysis. The follow-up duration was within 3 months after admission. All of the included studies used standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) as the indicator of acute GV. Pooled results showed that ICH patients with higher SDBG were associated with a higher risk of poor functional outcome as compared to those with lower SDBG [risk ratio (RR): 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41 to 2.42, p<0.001, I2=0%]. In addition, patients with higher category of SDBG were also associated with a higher mortality risk (RR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.79 to 3.19, p<0.001, I2=0%). In conclusion, high acute GV may be a predictor of poor functional outcome and mortality of patients with ICH.
Evidenzbasierte und strukturierte Diagnostik in der MR-Mammografie anhand des Kaiser-Score
Authors: Baltzer Pascal Andreas Thomas , Krug Kathrin Barbara , Dietzel Matthias
Published: February 2023

Hintergrund Die MR-Mammografie (MRM) ist als sensitivstes Verfahren zur Detektion von Brustkrebs integraler Bestandteil der modernen Mammadiagnostik. Aufgrund umfangreicher multiparametrischer Bildinformationen gilt die Befundung der MRM jedoch als schwierig. Klinische Entscheidungsregeln kombinieren diagnostische Kriterien in einem Algorithmus. Damit unterstützen sie Radiologen dabei, objektive und exakte sowie weitgehend von der Untersuchererfahrung unabhängige MRM-Diagnosen zu stellen.

Methodik Narrativer review. Der Kaiser-Score (KS) als klinische Entscheidungsregel für die MRM wird eingeführt. Befundkriterien werden erläutert, Strategien zur klinischen Entscheidungsfindung diskutiert und illustriert.

Ergebnisse Entwickelt mit Methoden des maschinellen Lernens wurde der Kaiser-Score in internationalen Studien unabhängig validiert. Dabei ist der KS unabhängig von der Untersuchungstechnik. Anhand von auf T2w- und kontrastangehobenen T1w-Aufnahmen fassbaren diagnostischen BI-RADS-Kriterien ermöglicht der KS die objektive und genaue Differenzialdiagnose von benignen und malignen Befunden in der MRM. Ein Flowchart leitet den Leser über maximal 3 Zwischenschritte zu einem Punktwert, entsprechend einer Malignomwahrscheinlichkeit. Damit lässt sich der KS direkt einer konkreten BI-RADS-Kategorie zuordnen. Individuelle Managemententscheidungen sollten dabei auch den klinischen Kontext berücksichtigen, was anhand von typischen Beispielen dargestellt wird.

Kernaussagen: 

Zitierweise
Hypophosphatasie – Empfehlung einer Expertengruppe zum
Therapievorgehen bei der seltenen Skelett-Erkrankung
Authors: Lampe Christina , Maus Uwe , Scharla Stephan , Schmidmaier Ralf , Schober Hans-Christof , Wüster Christian , Dierks Christian
Published: February 2023

Ziel Für die Hypophosphatasie (HPP) ist Asfotase alfa –
eine Enzymersatztherapie – die derzeit einzige zugelassene
medikamentöse Therapie. Diese Empfehlung soll der Erleichterung der
ärztlichen Therapieentscheidung bei der HPP dienen und Kriterien der
wirtschaftlichen und medizinisch angemessenen Verordnung klären.

Methode Nach der Delphi-Methode wurden die Expertinnen und Experten in
zwei Gruppen aufgeteilt – eine Gruppe erstellte einen Thesenkatalog und
erweiterte diesen textlich. Die zweite Gruppe validierte und editierte den
Entwurf. Dieser Prozess wurde zur Erreichung eines Konsenses wiederholt.

Ergebnisse Die Indikation für eine Therapie mit Asfotase alfa wird
anhand des Schweregrades der Symptome, die sich durch andere Maßnahmen
nicht bessern lassen, gestellt. Voraussetzung für eine Therapie sind
Knochenmanifestationen und das Auftreten von Symptomen der HPP im Kindes- und
Jugendalter. Liegen keine Befunde der HPP im Kindes- und Jugendalter vor, wird
auf eine sorgfältige Anamnese zurückgegriffen. Die Beurteilung,
ob anhand der Anamnese ein Therapieanspruch gerechtfertigt werden kann, obliegt
dem behandelnden Arzt. Es besteht kein Genehmigungsvorbehalt der Krankenkassen.
Wird der Therapieanspruch bestritten, gilt im Sozialrecht der Beweisgrad der
Wahrscheinlichkeit. Auch eine sorgfältig erhobene Verdachtsdiagnose kann
einen Therapieanspruch rechtfertigen.

Fazit Wird die Diagnose der HPP erst im Erwachsenenalter gestellt und
liegen keine weiteren Erkenntnisquellen vor, kann auf eine sorgfältige
Anamnese zum Nachweis des Vorliegens der HPP bereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter
zurückgegriffen werden, um den Anspruch eines Patienten zu
begründen.
Catalyst-Free Photoinduced C–C Bond Formations
Authors: Bera Shyamal Kanti , Bhanja Rosalin , Mal Prasenjit
Published: February 2023

Use of sustainable energy sources in synthetic organic chemistry has become one of the most popular research topics due to environmental pollution and global warming. In this review, we discuss photocatalyst-free and transition-metal-free light-induced reactions for the construction of carbon–carbon (C–C) bonds. The reaction systems discussed here are C–C bond formation via carbene intermediates, radical intermediates, and miscellaneous reactions via cyclization.

1 Introduction

2 C–C Bond Formation via Carbene Intermediates

3 C–C Bond Formation via Radical Intermediates

4 Miscellaneous C–C Bond Formation via Cyclization

5 Conclusion
Association between Diabetes in Pregnancy and Shoulder Dystocia by Infant Birth Weight in an Era of Cesarean Delivery for Suspected Macrosomia
Authors: Abdelwahab Mahmoud , Frey Heather A. , Lynch Courtney D. , Klebanoff Mark A. , Thung Stephen F. , Costantine Maged M. , Landon Mark B. , Venkatesh Kartik K.
Published: February 2023

Objective We estimated the association between diabetes and shoulder dystocia by infant birth weight subgroups (<4,000, 4,000–4,500, and >4,500 g) in an era of prophylactic cesarean delivery for suspected macrosomia.

Study Design A secondary analysis from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development U.S. Consortium for Safe Labor of deliveries at ≥24 weeks with a nonanomalous, singleton fetus with vertex presentation undergoing a trial of labor. The exposure was either pregestational or gestational diabetes compared with no diabetes. The primary outcome was shoulder dystocia and secondarily, birth trauma with a shoulder dystocia. We calculated adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) with modified Poison's regression between diabetes and shoulder dystocia and the number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent a shoulder dystocia with cesarean delivery.

Results Among 167,589 assessed deliveries (6% with diabetes), pregnant individuals with diabetes had a higher risk of shoulder dystocia at birth weight <4,000 g (aRR: 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66–2.31) and 4,000 to 4,500 g (aRR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.24–1.99), albeit not significantly at birth weight >4,500 g (aRR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.87–1.82) versus those without diabetes. The risk of birth trauma with shoulder dystocia was higher with diabetes (aRR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.54–3.45). The NNT to prevent a shoulder dystocia with diabetes was 11 and 6 at ≥4,000 and >4,500 g, versus without diabetes, 17 and 8 at ≥4,000 and >4,500 g, respectively.

Conclusion Diabetes increased the risk of shoulder dystocia, even at lower birth weight thresholds than at which cesarean delivery is currently offered. Guidelines providing the option of cesarean delivery for suspected macrosomia may have decreased the risk of shoulder dystocia at higher birth weights.

Key Points
A review on graphene oxide: 2D colloidal molecule, fluid physics, and macroscopic materials
Authors: Wang Fang , Fang Wenzhang , Ming Xin , Liu Yingjun , Xu Zhen , Gao Chao
Published: February 2023

Graphene oxide (GO), a mostly known oxidized derivative of graphene, which possesses two-dimensional (2D) topological nature and good dispersity in multiple common solvents as a single layer, has shown unique molecular science and fluid physics. Assembling 2D GO macromolecules into a variety of carbonaceous architectures is recognized as an important nanotechnology to address the challenge of translating the unprecedented mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of graphene into a macroscopic level. To realize real-world applications of graphene-based materials, sophisticated architecture manipulation spanning from the nanoscale, mesoscale to macroscale is essential to make sure every atom is at the right place. It takes comprehensive understanding of the compositional chemistry, fluid physics, and solid-state physics of 2D GO and graphene. Much effort in studying the graphene solid-state materials has helped people build perspectives on their structure-property relations. Nevertheless, the molecular science and fluid physics of GO that governs the single molecular behavior and collective effects of sheets still lack exploration. Single GO sheet exhibits both colloid behaviors and molecule conformations, which can be viewed as a 2D colloidal macromolecule with special dynamic aggregate and transition behaviors in solvents. Focusing on this topic, we have summarized recent progress in the science, technology, and engineering of 2D GO colloidal macromolecules with particular focus on intriguing features of molecular conformation, lyotropic liquid crystal, slow relaxation behavior, reversible fusion and fission, etc. Novel solvation-triggered hydroplastic processing for graphene-based macroscopic materials will be introduced, followed by the structural principles for high-performance graphene macroscopic materials. Finally, we will wrap up the topic with some perspectives on future research directions and give our opinions on the roadmap toward graphene industrialization.
Effect of polymer viscosity and viscoelasticity on tooth cooling and aerosolization during dental procedures
Authors: Kim Yong Il , An Seongpil , Huh Jungwoo , Heo Jihye , Lim Jaehyung , Song In-Seok , Yarin Alexander L. , Yoon Sam S.
Published: February 2023

Cooling liquids used in ultrasonic scalers are aerosolized into droplets. Larger droplets splatter over dental practitioners and patients, and small aerosols become airborne, posing a health threat to people in the surrounding area if a patient is infected by viral or bacterial infections. Polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can efficiently cool teeth and suppress aerosolization owing to their rheological properties, with PAA being the superior viscoelastic suppressant. Although the solutions of PEG and PVP studied here are also efficient in suppressing aerosol formation, their high viscosity may hinder their supply to the dental tools because of high viscous dissipation. The rheological behavior of PAA, PEG, and PVP is studied in the uniaxial elongational flow in self-thinning capillary threads. Then, the behavior of these solutions in an ultrasonic scaler in dental practice is explored. In particular, the aerosolization phenomena and the corresponding aerosol size distributions and droplet trajectories are studied and compared. The tooth temperature is found to be similar to that of water when these polymer solutions are used. The dispersion of the aerosolized droplets is qualitatively demonstrated by performing scaling using model teeth on a phantom mannequin face.
Low temperature absolute internal quantum efficiency of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes
Authors: Chiu Y. C. , Bayram C.
Published: February 2023

A method to reveal low temperature absolute internal quantum efficiency of an InGaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) is reported. Structural (via scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy) and optical (via temperature- and power-dependent photoluminescence) properties of InGaN-based blue LEDs are coupled with a channel-based recombination model, which reveals the low temperature absolute internal quantum efficiency of the LED on traditional sapphire and emerging Si (111) substrates as 27.5% and 71.1%, respectively. High low-temperature absolute internal quantum efficiency of the former is attributed to its lower defect density and less strain. Our results show assuming perfect (i.e., 100%) internal quantum efficiency in an InGaN-based LED at low temperatures could be misleading, and using negative thermal quenching properties of defect luminesce bands with a channel-based recombination model can be a method to quantify LED's less than ideal low temperature internal quantum efficiencies.
The small GTPase ARF3 controls invasion modality and metastasis by regulating N-cadherin levels
Authors: Sandilands Emma , Freckmann Eva C. , Cumming Erin M. , Román-Fernández Alvaro , McGarry Lynn , Anand Jayanthi , Galbraith Laura , Mason Susan , Patel Rachana , Nixon Colin , Cartwright Jared , Leung Hing Y. , Blyth Karen , Bryant David M.
Published: February 2023

ARF GTPases are central regulators of membrane trafficking that control local membrane identity and remodeling facilitating vesicle formation. Unraveling their function is complicated by the overlapping association of ARFs with guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and numerous interactors. Through a functional genomic screen of three-dimensional (3D) prostate cancer cell behavior, we explore the contribution of ARF GTPases, GEFs, GAPs, and interactors to collective invasion. This revealed that ARF3 GTPase regulates the modality of invasion, acting as a switch between leader cell-led chains of invasion or collective sheet movement. Functionally, the ability of ARF3 to control invasion modality is dependent on association and subsequent control of turnover of N-cadherin. In vivo, ARF3 levels acted as a rheostat for metastasis from intraprostatic tumor transplants and ARF3/N-cadherin expression can be used to identify prostate cancer patients with metastatic, poor-outcome disease. Our analysis defines a unique function for the ARF3 GTPase in controlling how cells collectively organize during invasion and metastasis.
Minimally deformed anisotropic solution generated by vanishing complexity factor condition in f(Q)-gravity theory
Authors: Jasim M K , Maurya S K , Khalid Jassim Ali , Mustafa G , Nag Riju , Saif Al Buwaiqi Iman
Published: February 2023

In the current paper, we investigated a spherically symmetric anisotropic solution by applying the gravitational decoupling approach in the context of the vanishing complexity factor condition Contreras and Stuchlik, (2022, Eur Phys J C
82 706) in f(Q) gravity theory for the first time. A relation between the gravitational potentials for a spherically symmetric spacetime in f(Q)-gravity theory has been derived using the vanishing complexity factor condition. To solve the system of equations, we utilized the Tolman metric along with the mimic constraint to density approach. The constants are evaluated by the joining of the spacetime for the interior solution to the Schwarzschild (Anti-) di Sitter exterior spacetime at the boundary. The physical viability of the solution along with its dynamical stability of the solution beyond the f(Q)-gravity theory is tested in order to represent a realistic model. We also discuss the impact of decoupling constants on the maximum mass limit, pressure, and density via equi-contour diagram.
Au decorated WO3-SnO2 nanocomposite for enhanced benzene vapors sensing performance
Authors: Nihal  , Sharma Rahul , Sharma Mamta , Goswamy J K
Published: February 2023

In this present work, we synthesized WO3-SnO2 and Au decorated WO3-SnO2 nanocomposite by hydrothermal method. The optical characterization has been done by UV/Vis spectroscopy to determine the band gap (Eg) of pure and gold (Au) decorated WO3-SnO2 which shows a reduction in Eg value from 3.56 to 3.03 eV after addition of Au in WO3-SnO2 which improves the crystallinity of WO3-SnO2 . Fourier transformed Infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy has been used to confirm the chemical bonding between Au and WO3-SnO2 nanocomposite. The x-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique was used to study the structural aspects of prepared materials which shows the decrease in crystallite size from 8 to 6.7 nm after addition of Au in pure sample. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) has been used to investigate morphological characteristics of as prepared nanocomposite. The doping of Au was further confirmed by Energy-Dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) technique. The sensing properties have been studied from the I–V measurement of WO3-SnO2/Au nanocomposite for Benzene. The sensing parameters such as sensitivity (response), operating temperature and response and recovery time were calculated for benzene vapors. The addition of Au in WO3-SnO2 increases its response to 2.7 times for 100 ppm benzene with a reduction in response/recovery time from 18/50 s to 13/29 s. The operating temperature was 300 °C. Further, the material is highly selective for benzene as compared to cyclohexane, toluene and aniline.
Revealing ultra-high-energy cosmic ray acceleration with multi-messenger observations of the nearby GRB 980425/SN 1998bw
Authors: Mirabal Nestor
Published: February 2023

The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is
one of the most mystifying issues in astroparticle physics. It has been suggested that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are excellent acceleration sites for cosmic rays.
The propagation of UHECRs from the GRB host galaxy to the Earth should generate delayed secondary photons and neutrinos. Here we present a dedicated search for delayed UHECR and neutrino emission centered around the position of nearby GRB 980425/SN 1998bw. Located at a distance of 36.9 Mpc, GRB 980425/SN 1998bw is well within the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) distance horizon.
We find no evidence for UHECR or neutrino clustering around the GRB 980425/SN 1998bw position between 2004 and 2020. Under ideal propagation conditions, we propose that it might be possible to detect an excess from delayed UHECRs around GRB 980425/SN 1998bw within the next 100 years if the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF)
strength is B ≤ 3 × 10-13 G.
Frequency-domain elastic full-waveform inversion based on Green functions
Authors: Zhang Wensheng
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the elastic full-waveform inversion in the frequency domain based on Green functions is investigated. The method allows to image media velocities of compressional wave and shear wave by using vertical and horizontal components. The forward problem is solved by the finite difference scheme with the perfectly matched layer in the frequency domain. The inversion is an optimization iterative process to minimize the residual between the synthetic data and the observed data on the surface. A gradient method is used to find the optimization direction, preconditioned with the diagonal part of the inverse Hessian matrix. The gradient is constructed based on Green functions, which serves to compute the gradient of the objective function with respect to model parameters effectively. The inversion is completed from low frequency to high frequency so that smaller wavelengths are progressively introduced in inversion. Numerical computations for the benchmark Overthrust model demonstrate the full-waveform inversion method in this paper can inverse media velocities of complex structures accurately.
Monotonicity Principle for Tomography in Nonlinear Conducting Materials
Authors: Esposito Antonio Corbo , Faella Luisa , Piscitelli Gianpaolo , Prakash Ravi , Tamburrino Antonello
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we deal with an inverse electrical conductivity problem which considers the reconstruction of nonlinear electrical conductivity in steady currents operations using boundary measurements. In the current set up, we establish a monotonic relation between the unknown material property to the (measured) Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator (DtN). It is in fact the Monotonicity Principle which is the base of a class of non-iterative and real-time imaging methods and algorithms. To be more precise, we indicate the issues appear in our nonlinear case to transfer this Monotonicity result from the Dirichlet Energy to the DtN operator which is the fundamental huddle in comparison to linear and p-Laplacian cases. Finally, we introduce a new Average DtN operator which is different from the existing ones and resolves complications produced by non-linearity in our problem.
Magnetic induction tomography via the monotonicity principle
Authors: Piscitelli Gianpaolo , Su Zhiyi , Udpa Lalita , Tamburrino Antonello
Published: February 2023

This contribution is focused on the nonlinear and ill-posed problem of reconstructing the electrical conductivity starting from the free response of a conductor in the magneto-quasi-stationary (MQS) limit. In this framework, a key role is played by the Monotonicity Principle, that is a monotone relation connecting the unknown material property to the (measured) free-response. The Monotonicity Principle is relevant to develop noniterative and real-time imaging methods. The Monotonicity Principle is a rather general principle found in many different physical problems. However, each physical/mathematical context requires the proper operator showing the MP to be identified. In turns, this calls for ad-hoc mathematical approaches tailored to the specific frameworks. In this paper we discuss a monotonic relationship between the electrical resistivity and the time constants of the free response for MQS systems. Numerical examples are provided to support the underlying theory.
Constitutive material law improvements for metals that manifest an unstable behavior in dynamic condition
Authors: Mancini E , Sasso M , Farotti E , Amodio D
Published: February 2023

Numerical analysis is regularly used in engineering practice as useful mean to study component behavior in service, especially when an experimental campaign is too expensive or not practicable. Numerical software is becoming more and more powerful and integrated, leaving the correct use of a material model as a weak point. As some materials could manifest an unstable behavior if deformed at high strain rate, it is of primary importance to use an appropriate constitutive law to reproduce their behaviour. This paper shows the results of the inverse calibration of two material (Ti-4Al-6V and AA 7075-T6) constitutive laws in their classical definition, as present in the literature. Moreover, both of them have been modified by the authors in the attempt of improving the complex material behaviour. The calibrated models are Johnson-Cook (JC) and Nowak-Pecherski (NP) models. The improvement of these models showed that JC is not suitable for calibrate materials that show an unstable behavior also after its improvement; conversely NP provided a better matching with the experimental data.
Application of inverse problems in diffusivity coefficient estimation of polymeric packaging materials and food shelf-life determination
Authors: Muniandy Anbuhkani , Benyathiar Patnarin , Ozadali Ferhan , Mishra Dharmendra K.
Published: February 2023

An effective analysis method with multiple accelerant factors is needed for rapid shelf-life determination for foods. This study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental oxygen pressure on oxygen diffusivity in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) bottles. The bottles were placed in custom-made high-pressure (10–30 psig) chambers with a 100% oxygen environment after filled with water and flushed with nitrogen to reduce the internal oxygen level below 2%. Bottles were subjected to three pressure levels and the accumulation of headspace and dissolved oxygen was used to estimate the diffusivity with the inverse problems approach. Modelling of diffusion was performed by numerically solving Fick’s law and the sequential estimation of the diffusion coefficient was performed based on the Gauss minimization method. The oxygen diffusion coefficient of PET, HDPE and PP was in the range of 0.78−1.16x10−13 m2s−1, 0.14−0.46x10−13 m2s−1 and 0.59−14.09x10−16 m2s−1, respectively. The application of oxygen pressure significantly increased the rate of oxygen transfer for all packaging materials compared to the control samples at ambient pressure. The application of inverse problems enabled the determination of the diffusion coefficient of oxygen with minimal errors and small confidence intervals. The use of elevated pressure and temperature as accelerants has potential application in rapid shelf-life determination of foods.
Capacity Assessment of a Transmission Tower Considering the Wind-Ice Probability Distributions
Authors: Liang Zhang , Yake Tang , Chen Chen , Kai Niu , Haowei Pei
Published: February 2023

Extreme weather, such as wind and ice, threatens the safety and stability of transmission networks. In this paper, the joint probability distribution model of wind speed and ice thickness are established, based on which the bearing capacity of a transmission tower under combined wind and ice loads are evaluated. The results show that the developed probability distribution models can well characterize the dependence structure of wind speed and ice thickness, and the safety of the transmission tower under combined wind-ice loads can be guaranteed within its design life.
Study on the Force Characteristics of Aviation Fuel Pipeline under Soil Occupancy Load
Authors: Fang Mengru , Zhang Hao , Sun Weihua , Han Haoyu , Li Yingying , Liu Caocao , Wang Yujie , Chen Jinzhu , Xu Taolong
Published: February 2023

Aviation fuel pipeline is one of the important lifelines of aviation coal supply at airports. When crossing a densely populated area, the aviation oil pipeline will inevitably be disturbed by natural and human factors, such as unreasonable soil accumulation near the pipeline, when the soil load is too large, the weak foundation soil will produce different degrees of deformation, the pipeline is subjected to various complex force forms under the action of soil displacement, resulting in a series of damage to the pipeline, and eventually cause pipeline safety accidents, resulting in the loss of people’s lives and property and environmental damage. Therefore, studying the force characteristics and safety prevention and control countermeasures of buried aviation oil pipelines under the surrounding soil pile occupation pressure has a very important guiding role and practical value for ensuring the operation safety of the airport lifeline. In this paper, the stress and deformation of buried oil and gas pipelines under the action of surrounding soil piles are analyzed, the influencing factors of buried oil and gas pipeline stress under the action of soil accumulation are analyzed by finite element software ABAQUS, the detailed stress analysis of the pipeline is carried out,and the finite element simulation method is verified by on-site large-scale stacking tests.
Development of a set of synthetic diagnostics for the WEST tokamak to confront 2D transport simulations and experimental data
Authors: Kudashev I. , Medvedeva A. , Fedorszak N. , Zarzoso D. , Scotto d’ Abusco M. , Neverov V. , Devynck P. , Serre E.
Published: February 2023

Significant scientific effort has been focused on optimizing the scenarios and plasma parameters for tokamak operations. The lack of comprehensive understanding of underlying physical processes leads to simplifications used both in plasma simulation codes and for diagnostics, which is also complicated by the harsh plasma environment. One of the main tools to couple, check and verify these assumptions are the synthetic diagnostics. In this work we demonstrate current results of the development of the set of synthetic diagnostics for the WEST tokamak to couple experimental data with the SolEdge3X-HDG 2D transport code.
Emergent computations in trained artificial neural networks and real brains
Authors: Parga N. , Serrano-Fernández L. , Falcó-Roget J.
Published: February 2023

Synaptic plasticity allows cortical circuits to learn new tasks and to adapt to changing environments. How do cortical circuits use plasticity to acquire functions such as decision-making or working memory? Neurons are connected in complex ways, forming recurrent neural networks, and learning modifies the strength of their connections. Moreover, neurons communicate emitting brief discrete electric signals. Here we describe how to train recurrent neural networks in tasks like those used to train animals in neuroscience laboratories and how computations emerge in the trained networks. Surprisingly, artificial networks and real brains can use similar computational strategies.
GBT20, a 20.48 Gbps PAM4 optical transmitter module for particle physics experiments
Authors: Deng B. , Zhang L. , Chao C.-P. , Chen S.-W. , Cruda E. , Gong D. , Hou S. , Huang G. , Huang X. , Li C.-Y. , Liu C. , Liu T. , Liu E.R. , Sun Q. , Sun X. , Wong G. , Ye J.
Published: February 2023

We present a pluggable radiation-tolerant 4-level Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM4) optical transmitter module called GBT20 (Giga-Bit Transmitter at 20 Gbps) for particle-physics experiments. GBT20 has an OSFP or firefly connector to input 16 bit data each at 1.28 Gbps. The GBT20 drives a VCSEL die with an LC lens or a VCSEL TOSA and interfaces an optical fiber with a standard LC connector. The minimum module, including the host connector, occupies 41 mm × 13 mm × 6 mm. At 20.48 Gbps, the minimum Transmitter Dispersion Eye Closure Quaternary (TDECQ) is around 0.7 dB. The power consumption is around 164 mW in the low-power mode. The SEE cross-section is below 7.5 × 10−14 cm2. No significant performance degrades after a TID of 5.4 kGy.
Comparative study on single-objective optimization and multi-objective optimization of convex textured friction couple performance
Authors: Yu Xiaodong , Shi Guangqiang , Zhao Feihu , Feng Yanan , Gao Weicheng
Published: February 2023

To improve the friction property of the friction pair of the hydrostatic thrust bearing, the surface with convex textures is designed at the bottom of the oil cavity, and the effect of convex textures on the interstitial oil film performance is analyzed. The interstitial oil film in contact with convex textures is simulated and studied by the computational fluid dynamics method. The study shows that the oil cavity with the convex structures can significantly improve the friction characteristics of the gap oil film in the hydrostatic thrust bearing. In order to further study the effect of texture parameters (texture radius, texture spacing , texture quantity and texture area ratio ) on its performance, the method based on the full factor test is used for single objective optimization, and the methods based on the BBD response surface and the NSGA-II algorithm are used for multiple target collaborative optimization. The full factor test with the main effect shows that the best combination with the bearing capacity is 0.5 mm, 7 mm, 7 and 1.6%, and the best combination with the rigidity is 0.3 mm, 5 mm, 5 and 1.13%. The influence of textures on the maximum temperature of oil film is basically unchanged and the bearing capacity is in inverse proportion to the friction factor. When considering the interaction between texture parameters, the BBD response surface method is used for multi-objective optimization. The study shows that the texture radius is 0.7 mm, the texture spacing is 7 mm, the quantity of textures is 6.2, and the area ratio is 3.14%, the optimal response values can be obtained, which the bearing capacity is 8519.31 N and the rigidity is 1.31868 E + 12 N m−1. The multi-objective optimization analysis of the NSGA-II algorithm based on the BBD response surface model shows that the algorithm can obtain a Pareto solution set. Each set of solutions obtained by the NSGA-II algorithm is the optimal solution. Both the BBD response surface method and the NSGA-II algorithm can be used to solve multi-objective problems.
Study on the effect of curved fiber laying angle on the vibration free attenuation of composite laminates
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Yang Mingguang , Chen Haoran , An Luling , Wang Xianfeng , Liu Chen , Ye Fan
Published: February 2023

Firstly, three groups of fiber curve laminates with different numbers of layers and different fiber curve angles were designed and prepared. A cantilever plate free vibration test was used to analyze the influence of the fiber curve angle on the vibration free attenuation characteristics of the laminates. The three groups of contrast test results show that the fiber curve angle has a significant effect on the loss factor of the laminate structure. When the angle change of the fiber curve was ±<45|60>, the loss factor of the laminates reached the maximum value, and the vibration damping performance of the laminates was the best. Secondly, modal tests were carried out on the laminates, the modeling and simulation of the variable stiffness laminate were completed, and the influence of the fiber curve angle on the natural frequency of the laminate was explored. The results showed that when the number of laminate layers was the same, the natural frequencies of the laminates first increased and then decreased with an increase in the fiber curve angle. The first three natural frequencies of the laminates reached the maximum value when the fiber curve angle was ±<45|60 > or ±<60|75>. Finally, it is concluded that when the fiber curve angle of the laminates varies between ±<45|60>, the damping ratio and the first three natural frequencies of the laminates reach the maximum value, and the vibration damping performance is the best.
Machine learning phases in swarming systems
Authors: Xue Tingting , Li Xu , Chen Xiaosong , Chen Li , Han Zhangang
Published: February 2023

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in using machine learning to predict and identify phase transitions (PTs) in various systems. Here we adopt convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to study the PTs of Vicsek model, solving the problem that traditional order parameters are insufficiently able to do. Within the large-scale simulations, there are four phases, and we confirm that all the PTs between two neighboring phases are first-order. We have successfully classified the phase by using CNNs with a high accuracy and identified the PT points, while traditional approaches using various order parameters fail to obtain. These results indicate the great potential of machine learning approach in understanding the complexities in collective behaviors, and in related complex systems in general.
The New Era of Marketing in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Algorithm of Social Media and Digital Marketing
Authors: Shauly Orr , Marxen Troy , Goel Pedram , Gould Daniel J
Published: February 2023

Social media has been demonstrated to serve as a critical tool for plastic surgeons, facilitating patient engagement, peer-to-peer education and learning, and outreach to the broader public community. This study aims to perform a meta-analysis of data to determine the most valuable and useful social media platforms for practicing plastic surgeons developing their practice by assessing the perceived value to the practice and quantifying return on investment. A systematic review was performed using PubMed (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). The initial search yielded 3592 articles. Sixteen articles met inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was found that patients are more likely to engage with aesthetic content rather than scientific content. Younger generations are more likely to utilize Instagram (Meta, Menlo Park, CA), Snapchat (Santa Monica, CA), and TikTok (Culver City, CA), while older generations may be more likely to utilize Facebook (Meta, Menlo Park, CA) and YouTube (San Bruno, CA). Age-specific recommendations include utilizing Instagram, Snapchat, and TikTok with emphasis on breast augmentation for patients aged 17 and 35 given this is the most common procedure performed for this age group. Patients between the ages of 36 and 70 are most likely to be engaged on Facebook, Instagram, and Facebook with liposuction being the most common procedure in this age group. For ages 70+, patients are most likely to utilize Facebook with the most common procedure performed as blepharoplasty. Effective social media marketing for the plastic surgeon considers delivering the right content and choosing the right platform. The right content and platform are critically dependent on the specific age of the audience.

Level of Evidence: 3
WASP: the World Archives of Species Perception
Authors: Nguyen Tuan , Malina Robert , Mokas Ilias , Papakonstantinou Antonis , Polyzos Orestes , Vanhove Maarten P M
Published: February 2023

While human perception can play a role in influencing public support for species conservation, the mechanisms underlying human perception remain poorly understood. Some previous studies on perception have focused on a few specific taxa, which makes the understanding of the public perception of species at large a resource- and time-intensive task. Here, we introduce the World Archives of Species Perception project that consists of an animal survey and a plant survey to construct the first systematic database to study the human perception of the floral and faunal diversity at a global scale. We provide a description of our survey method, species selection, survey implementation and a discussion of the potential uses of our databases in multidisciplinary research. In the animal survey, we cover 1980 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)–evaluated species, representing 25 classes, 192 orders, 1037 families and 1705 genera. In the plant survey, we cover 2000 IUCN-evaluated species, representing 13 classes, 93 orders, 386 families and 1968 genera. Data from the survey will be collected and made available 24 months after the publication of the article.

Database URL http://wasp-project.net/
A comparative study of industry responses to government consultations about alcohol and gambling in the UK
Authors: Bhuptani Saloni , Boniface Sadie , Severi Katherine , Hartwell Greg , McGill Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

Background

There is growing evidence that common strategies are used across unhealthy commodity industries (UCIs) to influence policy decisions in line with their commercial interests. To date, there have been relatively few studies comparing corporate political activity (CPA) across UCIs, especially comparing the alcohol and gambling industries.

Methods

A comparative and inductive thematic analysis of alcohol and gambling industry submissions to two House of Lords (HoL) inquiries in the UK was conducted. Themes in the framing, arguments and strategies used by the alcohol and gambling industries in CPA were compared.

Results

Alcohol and gambling industry responses largely used the same framings, both in terms of the problems and solutions. This included arguing that harms are only experienced by a ‘minority’ of people, emphasising individual responsibility and shifting blame for harms to other industry actors. They promoted targeted or localised solutions to these harms, in place of more effective population level solutions, and emphasised the perceived harms of introducing regulation not in the industries’ interests.

Conclusions

These findings are consistent with previous literature suggesting that UCIs use the same framing and arguments to shape the narrative around their harms and solutions to those harms. This study also identified novel strategies such as shifting blame of harms to other industry actors. Policy makers should be aware of these strategies to avoid undue industry influence on policy decisions and understanding commonalities in strategies may help to inform more effective public health responses across all UCIs.
Systematic Exploration of SARS-CoV-2 Adaptation to Vero E6, Vero E6/TMPRSS2, and Calu-3 Cells
Authors: Aiewsakun Pakorn , Phumiphanjarphak Worakorn , Ludowyke Natali , Purwono Priyo Budi , Manopwisedjaroen Suwimon , Srisaowakarn Chanya , Ekronarongchai Supanuch , Suksatu Ampa , Yuvaniyama Jirundon , Thitithanyanont Arunee
Published: February 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread globally, and scientists around the world are currently studying the virus intensively in order to fight against the on-going pandemic of the virus. To do so, SARS-CoV-2 is typically grown in the lab to generate viral stocks for various kinds of experimental investigations. However, accumulating evidence suggests that such viruses often undergo cell culture adaptation. Here, we systematically explored cell culture adaptation of two SARS-CoV-2 variants, namely the B.1.36.16 variant and the AY.30 variant, a sub lineage of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, propagated in three different cell lines, including Vero E6, Vero E6/TMPRSS2, and Calu-3 cells. Our analyses detected numerous potential cell culture adaptation changes scattering across the entire virus genome, many of which could be found in naturally circulating isolates. Notable ones included mutations around the spike glycoprotein's multibasic cleavage site, and the Omicron-defining H655Y mutation on the spike glycoprotein, as well as mutations in the nucleocapsid protein's linker region, all of which were found to be Vero E6-specific. Our analyses also identified deletion mutations on the non-structural protein 1 and membrane glycoprotein as potential Calu-3-specific adaptation changes. S848C mutation on the non-structural protein 3, located to the protein's papain-like protease domain, was also identified as a potential adaptation change, found in viruses propagated in all three cell lines. Our results highlight SARS-CoV-2 high adaptability, emphasize the need to deep-sequence cultured viral samples when used in intricate and sensitive biological experiments, and illustrate the power of experimental evolutionary study in shedding lights on the virus evolutionary landscape.
DNA metabarcoding of trawling bycatch reveals diversity and distribution patterns of sharks and rays in the central Tyrrhenian Sea
Authors: Albonetti Linda , Maiello Giulia , Cariani Alessia , Carpentieri Paolo , Ferrari Alice , Sbrana Alice , Shum Peter , Talarico Lorenzo , Russo Tommaso , Mariani Stefano
Published: February 2023

Conservation and management of chondrichthyans are becoming increasingly important, as many species are particularly vulnerable to fishing activities, primarily as bycatch, which leads to incomplete catch reporting, potentially hiding the impact on these organisms. Here, we aimed at implementing an eDNA metabarcoding approach to reconstruct shark and ray bycatch composition from 24 hauls of a bottom trawl fishing vessel in the central Mediterranean. eDNA samples were collected through the passive filtration of seawater by simple gauze rolls encapsulated in a probe (the “metaprobe”), which already showed great efficiency in detecting marine species from trace DNA in the environment. To improve molecular taxonomic detection, we enhanced the 12S target marker reference library by generating sequences for 14 Mediterranean chondrichthyans previously unrepresented in public repositories. DNA metabarcoding data correctly identifies almost all bycaught species and detected five additional species not present in the net, highlighting the potential of this method to detect rare species. Chondrichthyan diversity showed significant association with some key environmental variables (depth and distance from the coast) and the fishing effort, which are known to influence demersal communities. As DNA metabarcoding progressively positions itself as a staple tool for biodiversity monitoring, we expect that its melding with opportunistic, fishery-dependent surveys could reveal additional distribution features of threatened and elusive megafauna.