bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-modal retinal scanning to measure retinal thickness and peripheral blood vessels in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pearson Thomas , Chen Yingdi , Dhillon Baljean , Chandran Siddharthan , van Hemert Jano , MacGillivray Tom
Published: November 2022

Our purpose was to investigate changes to the retina in multiple sclerosis (MS) using established and novel modes of retinal image acquisition and analysis. 72 participants with MS and 80 healthy volunteers underwent retinal scanning with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ultra-widefield (UWF) scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), over a two-year period. Changes in retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, macular volume and retinal blood vessel diameter were measured and parameters were then tested for associations with MS. Measurements from OCT showed that individuals with MS had a thinner RNFL and reduced macular volume when compared to healthy volunteers. On UWF images, participants with MS had reduced arterial widths in the inferior nasal quadrant of both eyes and reduced venous widths in the inferior nasal quadrant of right eyes. Longitudinal analysis showed that participants with MS had an accelerated annual rate of RNFL thinning in several regions of the retina. In conclusion, the assessment of OCT showed thinning of the RNFL and macula in concordance with previous reports on MS, while analysis of blood vessels in the retinal periphery from UWF-SLO images revealed novel changes.
Hybrid classical-quantum machine learning based on dissipative two-qubit channels
Authors: Ghasemian E. , Tavassoly M. K.
Published: November 2022

Although the environmental effects, i.e., dissipation and decoherence seem to be the strongest adversaries in the quantum information realm, here, we address how dissipation can be harnessed for quantum state preparation and universal quantum computation. In this line, we propose a realistic scheme for hybrid classical-quantum neural networks based on dissipative two-qubit channels. In particular, we design a variational quantum circuit consisting of a set of universal quantum gates. We encode classical information in the initial states of a two-qubit system interacting with a global environment. This composite system plays the role of a dissipative quantum channel (DQC). A pooling layer concatenates the output states of the DQCs resulting in the outcome of the circuit. Both the DCQs and the pooling layer provide superposition and entanglement which are the key ingredients of any universal quantum computation protocol. Finally, we investigate the capability and adaptability of this model by doing some machine learning tasks. It is reasonable to postulate that a quantum computer based on DQCs may outperform a classical computer because, in contrast to the latter, the former is capable of producing atypical patterns through non-classical phenomena.
A minimal-complexity light-sheet microscope maps network activity in 3D neuronal systems
Authors: Wysmolek Paulina M. , Kiessler Filippo D. , Salbaum Katja A. , Shelton Elijah R. , Sonntag Selina M. , Serwane Friedhelm
Published: November 2022

In vitro systems mimicking brain regions, brain organoids, are revolutionizing the neuroscience field. However, characterization of their electrical activity has remained a challenge as it requires readout at millisecond timescale in 3D at single-neuron resolution. While custom-built microscopes used with genetically encoded sensors are now opening this door, a full 3D characterization of organoid neural activity has not been performed yet, limited by the combined complexity of the optical and the biological system. Here, we introduce an accessible minimalistic light-sheet microscope to the neuroscience community. Designed as an add-on to a standard inverted microscope it can be assembled within one day. In contrast to existing simplistic setups, our platform is suited to record volumetric calcium traces. We successfully extracted 4D calcium traces at high temporal resolution by using a lightweight piezo stage to allow for 5 Hz volumetric scanning combined with a processing pipeline for true 3D neuronal trace segmentation. As a proof of principle, we created a 3D connectivity map of a stem cell derived neuron spheroid by imaging its activity. Our fast, low complexity setup empowers researchers to study the formation of neuronal networks in vitro for fundamental and neurodegeneration research.
Reliable estimation of internal oscillator properties from a novel, fast-paced tapping paradigm
Authors: Kaya Ece , Henry Molly J.
Published: November 2022

Rhythmic structure in speech, music, and other auditory signals helps us track, anticipate, and understand the sounds in our environment. The dynamic attending framework proposes that biological systems possess internal rhythms, generated via oscillatory mechanisms, that synchronize with (entrain to) rhythms in the external world. Here, we focused on two properties of internal oscillators: preferred rate, the default rate of an oscillator in the absence of any input, and flexibility, the oscillator’s ability to adapt to changes in external rhythmic context. We aimed to develop methods that can reliably estimate preferred rate and flexibility on an individual basis. The experiment was a synchronization—continuation finger tapping paradigm with a unique design: the stimulus rates were finely sampled over a wide range of rates and were presented only once. Individuals tapped their finger to 5-event isochronous stimulus sequences and continued the rhythm at the same pace. Preferred rate was estimated by assessing the best-performance conditions where the difference between the stimulus rate and continuation tapping rate (tempo-matching error) was minimum. The results revealed harmonically related, multiple preferred rates for each individual. We maximized the differences in stimulus rate between consecutive trials to challenge individuals’ flexibility, which was then estimated by how much tempo-matching errors in synchronization tapping increase with this manipulation. Both measures showed test–retest reliability. The findings demonstrate the influence of properties of the auditory context on rhythmic entrainment, and have implications for development of methods that can improve attentional synchronization and hearing.
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in early relapsed prostate cancer patients after radical therapy
Authors: Haidar Mohamad , Abi-Ghanem Alain S. , Moukaddam Hicham , Jebai Malak El , Al Zakleet Safaa , Al Rayess Samir , Akkawi Abdul Rahman , Kassas Mutaz , Tamim Hani , Hajj Albert El , Estrada-Lobato Enrique , Osman Medhat M. , Shamseddine Ali
Published: November 2022

Biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) occurs in about 25% of patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) and up to 45% in patients who receive external beam radiotherapy (RT). Early diagnosis of PCa recurrence is of high importance for successful salvage therapy. The aim of the present study is to analyze the efficacy of 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT in detecting the presence of local and/or systemic disease in patients with a history of PCa who have BCR. A total of 52 PCa patients with BCR referred for 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT were recruited from the American University of Beirut Medical Center between November 2017 and December 2019. We compared the performance of PSMA PET/CT to the results and clinical factors based on follow up: PSA, PSA kinetics, primary treatment, and Gleason score. The relationship between the PET/CT findings and clinical indicators of disease were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. From a total of 52 patients, 34 (65.4%) had positive PSMA-PET/CT scans. Among those, 8/34 (23.5%) received primary RT. For all patients with a positive PSMA-PET: the detection rate was 2/4 (50%) for PSA < 0.2, 5/10 (50%) for PSA 0.2–0.49, 3/6 (50%) for PSA 0.5–0.99, 6/12 (50%) for PSA 1–1.99, 8/9 (88.9%) for PSA 2–3.99, and 10/11 (90.9%) for PSA 4–10.

PSMA-PET/CT positivity was significantly associated with PSA level at time of PET scan, PSA doubling time, Gleason score and TNM staging. However, it did not show a significant correlation with radiotherapy as primary treatment, ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), time to relapse, and initial PSA before therapy. In our single center prospective trial, 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT successfully detected the recurrence of PCa in patients with BCR. Scan positivity was significantly associated with PSA level at time of PET scan, PSA doubling time, Gleason score, and TNM staging. PSMA- PET/CT is a highly promising modality in the work up of patients with PCa in the setting of BCR for earlier detection of disease recurrence.
Genomic analysis and in vivo efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici as a potential probiotic to prevent hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and gastrointestinal infections
Authors: Al-Emran Hassan M. , Moon Jannatul Ferdouse , Miah Md. Liton , Meghla Nigar Sultana , Reuben Rine Christopher , Uddin Mohammad Jashim , Ibnat Habiba , Sarkar Shovon Lal , Roy Pravas Chandra , Rahman M. Shaminur , Alam A. S. M. Rubayet Ul , Islam Ovinu Kibria , Jahid Iqbal Kabir
Published: November 2022

Lactic acid bacteria are the well acknowledged probiotics that can cure a variety of diseases. In this study, we observed the in vivo potentials of Pediococcus to treat hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and gastrointestinal infections. A total of 77 Lactobacillus were isolated from the milk of 10 cows and 10 goats, four of those strains inhibited both carbohydrates-hydrolyzing enzymes, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase. They all showed antagonistic effects on pathogenic E. coli and S. Typhimurium which were confirmed by performing pathogen challenge test and visualizing on Electron microscopy. 16S rRNA gene sequence identified that all four strains belong to Pediococcus genus which were further distinguished as Pediococcus acidilactici by pheS gene sequence. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed their non-pathogenic properties for human and the presence of probiotic genes responsible for stress resistance, immunomodulation, adhesion, metal and drug resistance. In vivo trial with diabetes-induced mice ascertained that all Pediococcus acidilactici had significant potentials to reduce elevated glucose and low-density lipoprotein level in blood. Interestingly, two out of four strains were significantly more effective (p < 0.0001 each) than metformin in reducing the blood glucose level. This in vivo study demonstrated that Pediococcus acidilactici might be a promising probiotic to prevent hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and gastrointestinal infections.
Cultivation and characterisation of Salicornia europaea, Tripolium pannonicum and Crithmum maritimum biomass for green biorefinery applications
Authors: Hulkko Laura S. S. , Turcios Ariel E. , Kohnen Stéphane , Chaturvedi Tanmay , Papenbrock Jutta , Thomsen Mette Hedegaard
Published: November 2022

Salt-tolerant halophytes have shown potential for biorefinery and agricultural use in salt-affected soils, increasing the value of marginal lands. They could provide a bio-based source for compounds obtained from the petrochemical industry or an alternative for biomass currently imported overseas. Salicornia europaea, Tripolium pannonicum and Crithmum maritimum were cultivated in hydroponic systems under various salinity conditions, harvested green but not food-grade, and fractionated to green juice and fibre residue. Obtained fractions were characterised for contents of carbohydrates, Klason lignin, crude protein, organic acids, lipids, and minerals to evaluate the biomass’ suitability for biorefinery. Significant differences were observed in the biomass yield and the composition of the biomass fractions from different cultivation salinities. High concentrations of crude protein were found. Thus, these species could have the potential for green protein production. Fractions rich in carbohydrates could be used for lignocellulose processing and processes utilising micro-organisms.
Statistical optimization of a sustainable fertilizer composition based on black soldier fly larvae as source of nitrogen
Authors: Barbi Silvia , Montorsi Monia , Maistrello Lara , Caldironi Matteo , Barbieri Luisa
Published: November 2022

In the present work, a statistical optimization of a sustainable coating for core–shell NPK (Nitrogen–Phosphorus–Potassium) fertilizers was investigated. The environmental green coating was enriched in nitrogen using a biomass and renewable source, namely the nitrogen rich fraction of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia Illucens, Diptera: Stratiomyidae) reared on vegetable waste. A rational approach was proposed with the aim of calculating the best formulation of the coating, considering both its manufacturing behavior, such as adhesion to the core, and its physical properties, such as homogeneity or plasticity. From a circular economy perspective, together with the nitrogen-rich fraction from BSFL (from 51 to 90 wt.%), water and glycerol were considered for the coating formulation in different proportion: from 10 to 32 wt.% and from 0 to 17 wt.% respectively. The Design of Experiments technique was implemented to limit the total number of tests for the coating formulation (18 tests). ANOVA was employed, with the aim of obtaining mathematical models to derive a better precise and objective formulation. The results show that the use of glycerol can be avoided, as well as only a limited amount of water (11 wt.%) is necessary to obtain an optimized coating formulation, thereafter, satisfying the more relevant technological and physical properties for the coating manufacturing.
Parametric decay induced first-order phase transition in two-dimensional Yukawa crystals
Authors: Maity Srimanta , Arora Garima
Published: November 2022

The melting process of two-dimensional (2D) Yukawa crystals for dusty plasma medium induced by external perturbations has been explored using molecular dynamics simulations. A 2D monolayer of particles interacting via Yukawa pair potential is formed in the presence of an external confinement potential. The confinement potential is a combined effect of the gravitational force and an externally applied electric force, which mimics the sheath electric field in dusty plasma experiments. The response of the 2D crystalline layer to an external perturbation is investigated. It is shown that transverse surface waves are generated below a particular threshold value of initial perturbation, but the crystalline order remains. However, above a threshold value of initial disturbance, the crystalline order structure of the 2D layer breaks, and it melts. The melting process is shown to be a first-order phase transition. We have demonstrated that the nonlinear amplitude modulation of initial disturbance through the parametric decay instability is responsible for the melting. Our proposed mechanism of first-order phase transition in the context of 2D dusty plasma crystal is distinctly different from the existing theoretical models. This research can provide a deeper understanding of the experimental observations in the context of plasma crystal.
Typical and anomalous pathways of surface-floating material in the Northern North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean
Authors: Herman Agnieszka , Węsławski Jan Marcin
Published: November 2022

Surface waters of the oceans carry large amounts of material, including sediment grains, plankton organisms, and ice crystals, as well as pollutants, e.g., oil and plastic. Transport and spatio-temporal distribution of this material depend on its properties and on the dynamical processes in the ocean mixed layer—currents, waves, turbulence, and convective mixing—acting at a wide range of scales. Due to its importance for marine physics, biogeochemistry and ecology, substantial research efforts have been invested in recent years in observations and modelling of ocean material transport, especially in the context of marine plastic pollution. Nevertheless, many important questions remain unanswered. In this work, numerically simulated trajectories of surface-floating particles in the period 1993–2020 are used to analyse typical and anomalous transport pathways in the northern North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. Model validation is performed based on additional simulations of 387 buoy tracks from the International Arctic Buoy Programme in the years 2014–2020. The trajectories are computed based on surface currents from a hydrodynamic model and Stokes drift from a spectral wave model. It is shown that due to high amplitudes of Stokes drift (comparable with wind-induced currents in ice-free parts of the domain of study), combined with high directional variability, the drifting paths are substantially modified in ice-free regions, underlying the important role of wave-induced currents in surface material transport. A statistical analysis of $$\sim 1.6\, 10^8$$

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trajectories reveals patterns of connections between nearshore locations in the domain of study, the associated drift times and path sinuosity. Seasonal variability of transport, which differs between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic, is found for typical transport routes following the larger-scale circulation patterns. Crucially, in both sub-domains episodic, but very strong transport events between otherwise isolated locations occur, associated with anomalous atmospheric circulation and, arguably, providing ‘windows of opportunity’ for dispersal of various organisms to new locations. It is shown for two examples in the North Atlantic region that an unusual combination of atmospheric circulation indices explains the anomalous transport, thus providing a predictive tool for future events. In the Arctic, analogous phenomena are modified by the state of the sea ice cover.
Genetics tools for corpora allata specific gene expression in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Nouzova Marcela , Edwards Marten J. , DeGennaro Matthew , Leyva Dennys , Tose Lilian V. , Fernandez-Lima Francisco , Noriega Fernando G.
Published: November 2022

Juvenile hormone (JH) is synthesized by the corpora allata (CA) and controls development and reproduction in insects. Therefore, achieving tissue-specific expression of transgenes in the CA would be beneficial for mosquito research and control. Different CA promoters have been used to drive transgene expression in Drosophila, but mosquito CA-specific promoters have not been identified. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we integrated transgenes encoding the reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP) close to the transcription start site of juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase (JHAMT), a locus encoding a JH biosynthetic enzyme, specifically and highly expressed in the CA of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Transgenic individuals showed specific GFP expression in the CA but failed to reproduce the full pattern of jhamt spatiotemporal expression. In addition, we created GeneSwitch driver and responder mosquito lines expressing an inducible fluorescent marker, enabling the temporal regulation of the transgene via the presence or absence of an inducer drug. The use of the GeneSwitch system has not previously been reported in mosquitoes and provides a new inducible binary system that can control transgene expression in Aedes aegypti.
Fossil bone histology reveals ancient origins for rapid juvenile growth in tetrapods
Authors: Whitney Megan R. , Otoo Benjamin K. A. , Angielczyk Kenneth D. , Pierce Stephanie E.
Published: November 2022

Patterns of growth throughout the lifetime of an animal reflect critical life history traits such as reproductive timing, physiology, and ecological interactions. The ancestral growth pattern for tetrapods has traditionally been described as slow-to-moderately paced, akin to modern amphibians, with fast growth and high metabolic rates considered a specialized physiological trait of amniotes. Here, we present bone histology from an ontogenetic series of the Early Carboniferous stem tetrapodWhatcheeria deltae, and document evidence of fibrolamellar bone—primary bone tissue associated with fast growth. Our data indicate thatWhatcheeriajuveniles grew rapidly and reached skeletal maturity quickly, allowing them to occupy a large-bodied predator niche in their paleoenvironment. This life history strategy contrasts with those described for other stem tetrapods and indicates that a diversity of growth patterns existed at the origins of tetrapod diversification. Importantly,Whatcheeriamarks an unexpectedly early occurrence of fibrolamellar bone in Tetrapoda, both temporally and phylogenetically. These findings reveal that elevated juvenile growth is not limited to amniotes, but has a deep history in the tetrapod clade and may have played a previously unrecognized role in the tetrapod invasion of land.
Global dissociation of the posterior amygdala from the rest of the brain during REM sleep
Authors: Matei Marta , Bergel Antoine , Pezet Sophie , Tanter Mickaël
Published: November 2022

Rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) or paradoxical sleep is associated with intense neuronal activity, fluctuations in autonomic control, body paralysis and brain-wide hyperemia. The mechanisms and functions of these energy-demanding patterns remain elusive and a global picture of brain activation during REMS is currently missing. In the present work, we performed functional ultrasound imaging on rats over multiple coronal and sagittal brain sections during hundreds of spontaneous REMS episodes to provide the spatiotemporal dynamics of vascular activity in 259 brain regions spanning more than 2/3 of the total brain volume. We first demonstrate a dissociation between basal/midbrain and cortical structures, the first ones sustaining tonic activation during REMS while the others are activated in phasic bouts. Second, we isolated the vascular compartment in our recordings and identified arteries in the anterior part of the brain as strongly involved in the blood supply during REMS episodes. Finally, we report a peculiar activation pattern in the posterior amygdala, which is strikingly disconnected from the rest of the brain during most REMS episodes. This last finding suggests that the amygdala undergoes specific processing during REMS and may be linked to the regulation of emotions and the creation of dream content during this very state.
Chemistry and Nutritional Effects of Capsicum
Authors: Florencio da Veiga, Jr Valdir , Wiedemann Larissa Silveira Moreira , Araujo, Jr Claudio Pereira de , Antonio Ananda da Silva
Published: November 2022

The Capsicum genus comprises the botanic species known as chili peppers, the most widely consumed natural product by humankind. Their usage is diverse and varies from food additives to defensive devices and medicines.

Providing a comprehensive overview of the great popularization and socioeconomic importance of Capsicum, this book includes a holistic description of the properties of Capsicum and how this correlates with the chemical profile. Several of their specialized metabolites, such as capsaicinoids and carotenoids, are in fact responsible for peppers characterization as a functional food as they provide pungency, deterrent properties and outstanding biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and chemopreventive.

This book shows the big picture behind peppers featuring as functional foods using a biochemistry background to elucidate how the chemical composition of this genus can affect its unique bioactivity and sensorial characteristics. In addition, the state-of-art regarding Capsicum exploitation is also emphasized. Intended for all types of audiences, it is a resource for those curious about peppers pungency, for graduate students aiming to improve their skills and professional who need to update their knowledge regarding peppers chemistry and pharmacology.
Different approaches for estimation of the expanded uncertainty of an analytical method developed for determining pharmaceutical active compounds in wastewater using solid-phase extraction and a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method
Authors: Rodrigues João A. , Silva Sofia , Cardoso Vitor Vale , Benoliel Maria João , Almeida Cristina M. M.
Published: November 2022

Assessment of different approaches to estimate the expanded uncertainty of a validated UHPLC-MS/MS method for pharmaceutical active compound measurement in wastewaters.
Oxidation pathways of linoleic acid revisited with electrodynamic balance–mass spectrometry
Authors: Müller Marcel , Stefanetti Fabrice , Krieger Ulrich K.
Published: November 2022

Electrodynamic balance–mass spectrometry allows to study the ozonolysis of linoleic acid under strongly different ozone concentrations and reveals the importance of autoxidation at low ozone concentrations.
A closely packed Pt1.5Ni1−x/Ni–N–C hybrid for relay catalysis towards oxygen reduction
Authors: Guo Wenxin , Gao Xiaoping , Zhu Mengzhao , Xu Chenxi , Zhu Xiaorong , Zhao Xuyan , Sun Rongbo , Xue Zhenggang , Song Jia , Tian Lin , Xu Jie , Chen Wenxing , Lin Yue , Li Yafei , Zhou Huang , Wu Yuen
Published: November 2022

A closely packed hybrid electrocatalyst Pt1.5Ni1−x/Ni–N–C was engineered by a gas-promoted dealloying process, ensuring the relay catalysis of the reaction intermediates at Pt alloy and Ni single sites, thus achieving high performance in PEMFCs.
Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles with covalently bonded polyacrylic acid for use as forward osmosis draw agents
Authors: Ban Irena , Drofenik Mihael , Bukšek Hermina , Petrinic Irena , Helix-Nielsen Claus , Vohl Sabina , Gyergyek Sašo , Stergar Janja
Published: November 2022

Multicoated magnetite magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) with polyacrylic acid as a terminal hydrophilic ligand showed reproducibility of the composite particles when used as a draw solution. The tight covalent bond allows MNPs to maintain their osmotic potential after filtration.
Partial nitrification/ANAMMOX (PN/A) membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) under a low C/N ratio and metagenomics identification
Authors: Li Ming , Li Yi , Sun Zhiye , Liu Jun , Li Ting , Lan Meichao , Zhang Peng , Li Baoan
Published: November 2022

Coupled with different wastewater treatment processes, MABR wastewater treatment technology can be suitable for different wastewater and enhance their respective advantages.
Classical nexus between chiral inducers and achiral silver nanoparticles and integration of the digital XOR logic gate
Authors: Mandal Manajit , Malik Ankur , Mondal Prakash Chandra
Published: November 2022

Achiral silver nanoparticles are modified with amino acids to make the overall chiral nano-assembly. Electrical measurements are performed, and XOR logic gate is implemented.
Direct 3D-printed CdSe quantum dots via scanning micropipette
Authors: Yun Taesun , Kim Yong Bin , Lee Taegeon , Rho Heesuk , Lee Hyeongwoo , Park Kyoung-Duck , Lee Hong Seok , An Sangmin
Published: November 2022

The pencil-shaped micropipette is a potentially promising tool for the three-dimensional micro/nanoscale printing based on its capability to deliver low volumes of nanomaterial solution on a desired spot.
Recent developments in polypyrrole/manganese oxide-based nanocomposites for thin film electrodes in supercapacitors: a minireview
Authors: Gaikar Paresh S. , Kadu Kedar S. , Tehare Kailas K. , Wadhawa Gurumeet C. , Mahmood Sami H. , Lambat Trimurti L.
Published: November 2022

This review article highlights the recent developments in the synthesis and electrochemical performance of polypyrrole/manganese oxide thin-film electrodes synthesized by various chemical methods for supercapacitor applications.
Supramolecular structures from structurally persistent and surface active carbon dots in water
Authors: Xu Aoxue , Feng Ning , Yin Keyang , Li Hongguang , Hao Jingcheng
Published: November 2022

CDs has surface activity to self-assemble in water, forming various supramolecular structures and show good performance in dispersing carbon nanotubes.
In-situ Raman spectroscopic insight into charge delocalization-improved electrical conductivity in metal–cyanide frameworks
Authors: Lu Zhixuan , Huang Yajun , Shao Liting , Cao Maofeng , Hu Shu , Liu Chuan , Wang Xiang , Ren Bin
Published: November 2022

Raman spectroscopy reveals that the enhancement mechanism of electrical conductivity in Prussian Blue induced by K ions is charge delocalization.
Nanoporous ices: an emerging class in the water/ice family
Authors: Liu Yuan , Pu Yangyang , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: November 2022

Nanoporous ice is an emerging class in the water/ice family, also named WOF (Water Oxygen-vertex Framework), which is stable under negative pressure. We summarize recent progress and important milestones and present our perspectives on future studies of nanoporous ices.
A water-soluble fluorescent probe for monitoring mitochondrial GSH fluctuations during oxidative stress
Authors: Wang Huayu , Zhang Luan , Jin Xia , Tian Peijiao , Ding Xiaojun , Chang Jing
Published: November 2022

In this research, we constructed a styrylpyridine derivative-based fluorescent probe MITO-PQDNs to monitor mitochondrial glutathione (GSH).
Novel polyaniline–polyethersulfone nanofiltration membranes: effect of in situ polymerization time on structure and desalination performance
Authors: Butt Ayyaz Shahbaz , Qaiser Asif Ali , Abid Nida , Mahmood Umer
Published: November 2022

Electroactive polyaniline (PANI) was layered on base PES asymmetric nanofiltration membrane using in situ solution-phase polymerization. PANI deposition time showed a significant effect on membranes' structural properties and desalination performance.
Necked gold nanoparticles prepared by submerged alternating current arc discharge in water
Authors: Jankowski K. , Jabłońska J. , Uznański P. , Całuch S. , Szybowicz M. , Brzozowski R. , Ostafin A. , Kwaśny M. , Tomasik M.
Published: November 2022

The article presents the method of producing gold nanoparticles using a high voltage arc discharge of alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz in distilled water.
Perspectives on metal induced crystallization of a-Si and a-Ge thin films
Authors: Maity G. , Dubey S. , Meher T. , Dhar S. , Kanjilal D. , Som T. , Patel Shiv P.
Published: November 2022

Recent challenges on the metal induced crystallization (MIC) of amorphous semiconductors (a-Si and a-Ge) for potential applications in high-density data storage devices, flat panel displays, and high performance solar cells.
Enhancement of photocatalytic efficacy by exploiting copper doping in nano-hydroxyapatite for degradation of Congo red dye
Authors: Hossain Md. Sahadat , Tuntun Supanna Malek , Bahadur Newaz Mohammed , Ahmed Samina
Published: November 2022

Copper doping in hydroxyapatite crystals can easily breakdown the Congo red dye resulting non-toxic products.
Development of a β-cyclodextrin-modified gold nanoparticle-assisted electromembrane extraction method followed by capillary electrophoresis for methadone determination in plasma
Authors: Hoseininezhad-Namin Mir Saleh , Ozkan Sibel Aysil , Rahimpour Elaheh , Jouyban Abolghasem
Published: November 2022

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were used to assist with electromembrane extraction (EME) and were coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the extraction and measurement of methadone from plasma samples.
Fluorescent garlic-capped Ag nanoparticles as dual sensors for the detection of acetone and acrylamide
Authors: El-Naka Marwa Ahmed , El-Dissouky A. , Ali G. Y. , Ebrahim Shaker , Shokry Azza
Published: November 2022

G-Ag NPs succeeded to detect and quantify acrylamide and acetone selectively even in presence of other co-existing interfering substances through a fluorescence quenching mechanism.
Transmitting biomolecular chirality into carbon nanodots: a facile approach to acquire chiral light emission at the nanoscale
Authors: Maniappan Sonia , Reddy Kumbam Lingeshwar , Kumar Jatish
Published: November 2022

A facile approach using simple biomolecules as precursors is adopted for the synthesis of three sets of optically active carbon nanodots that exhibited circularly polarized luminescence in both solution state and in solid films.
A flexible CO2 capture system for backup power plants using Ca(OH)2/CaCO3 solid storage
Authors: Criado Yolanda A. , Arias Borja , Abanades J. Carlos
Published: November 2022

A flexible CO2 capture system is integrated within natural gas backup power plants. The use of Ca-storage allows decoupling the capture and sorbent regeneration steps, thus minimizing the penalties over the global efficiency and capture costs.
Study on UAV obstacle avoidance algorithm based on deep recurrent double Q network
Authors: WEI Yao , LIU Zhicheng , CAI Bin , CHEN Jiaxin , YANG Yao , ZHANG Kai
Published: November 2022

The traditional reinforcement learning method has the problems of overestimation of value function and partial observability in the field of machine motion planning, especially in the obstacle avoidance problem of UAV, which lead to long training time and difficult convergence in the process of network training. This paper proposes an obstacle avoidance algorithm for UAVs based on a deep recurrent double Q network. By transforming the single-network structure into a dual-network structure, the optimal action selection and action value estimation are decoupled to reduce the overestimation of the value function. The fully connected layer introduces the GRU recurrent neural network module, and uses the GRU to process the time dimension information, enhance the analyzability of the real neural network, and improve the performance of the algorithm in some observable environments. On this basis, combining with the priority experience playback mechanism, the network convergence is accelerated. Finally, the original algorithm and the improved algorithm are tested in the simulation environment. The experimental results show that the algorithm has better performance in terms of training time, obstacle avoidance success rate and robustness.
Design of multi-constraint robust formation controller based on error model
Authors: YAN Danghui , ZHANG Weiguo , CHEN Hang
Published: November 2022

UAVs formation is a complex nonlinear system. Although quadrotor has many advantages, its dynamics model is nonlinear, coupled, and under driven. For model-based controller design, physical constraints, model uncertainties and external disturbances significantly deteriorate control performance. Therefore, a multi-constraints MPC strategy based on error model is proposed for the quadrotor formation. Firstly, a 3D model for quadrotor is established by using the Lagrange-Euler formulation, in which the model is divided into RS and TS. The corresponding multi-constraint MPC is designed for the two subsystems respectively. The tracking errors caused by external disturbances can be eliminated because of the integrator embedded in the augmented model. Comparing with RMPC, by making reasonable modifications to the cost function, the asymptotic stability of the open loop and the closed-loop subsystem can be ensured by MMPC. Moreover, the stability analysis of the above-mentioned algorithm is carried out. The simulation results show that the controller of the formation can not only achieve good path tracking, but also robustness to the multiple constraints and disturbances.
Distributed pod wing modeling and aeroelastic analysis
Authors: CHENG Yi , YU Zhihao , ZHAO Jinrui , ZHOU Yun
Published: November 2022

基于准线性化隐式建模方法, 建立适用于大展弦比机翼的动力学模型, 研究分布式吊舱机翼的气动弹性特点。其中结构模型采用中等变形梁模型, 气动模型采用准定常理论, 利用小扰动和有限差分法, 建立求解机翼气弹稳定性的方法。在验证结构和气动模型准确性基础上, 研究吊舱的个数、质量、展向站位、弦向/法向偏置等参数对分布式吊舱机翼气动特性的影响。分析结果发现: 吊舱越靠近机翼中部、弦向和法向偏置越大机翼稳定性越高, 但质量分布不均时反而会降低稳定性; 机翼经历了振动收敛、单频简谐振动和倍频简谐振动, 其颤振形式为面内外弯曲和扭转耦合, 三维效应显著。文中的方法能够有效描述分布式吊舱机翼的气动弹性特性。
Research on optimization of blended-wing-body underwater glider based on combined optimization algorithm
Authors: LING Hongjie , WANG Zhidong , ZHANG Bei , ZHANG Daiyu , AN Shuai
Published: November 2022

为实现水下滑翔机低功耗、长航程的目标, 提高水下滑翔机升阻比是切实可行的手段之一。采用翼身融合布局设计了一款翼身融合水下滑翔机(blended-wing-body underwater glider, BWBUG), 利用NURBS样条曲线构建BWBUG的精细化参数模型, 以升阻比为优化目标, 运用组合优化算法, 开展BWBUG的多参数优化研究, 建立优化算法与黏流软件接口, 优化过程中直接耦合调用水动力计算, 大大提高了优化效率。结果表明, 优化后的BWBUG模型升力系数提升了0.58%, 阻力系数降低了10.22%, 升阻比提升12.01%, 水动力综合性能提升11.99%。文中所建立的优化方法对提高水下航行器构型优化具有重要的指导意义。
Research on small sample probability relational degree model
Authors: NING Xiaolei , WU Yingxia , ZHAO Xin , ZHAO Junmin , ZHANG Kai , HAO Tiaofeng , LYU Meibo , HU Yafeng , CHEN Yun
Published: November 2022

针对小样本条件下多元时间序列之间的关联分析问题, 提出了一种小样本概率关联度模型。使用样本函数或样本统计量代替样本构造累积经验分布函数并计算概率关联系数。当比较序列样本容量n < 5, 使用样本顺序统计量的经验分布函数计算概率关联系数; 当比较序列样本容量n≥5, 使用Bootstrap方法重抽样扩充样本后再构造经验分布函数计算概率关联系数, 改进了概率关联度模型中关联系数的计算方法, 解决了小样本条件下这一类多元数据关联分析问题。证明了小样本概率关联度模型满足的基本性质, 给出了小样本概率关联分析的基本步骤, 仿真案例和实际应用验证了文中模型的正确性和有效性。
Osteosarkom und Amputation beim Hund – ein
Fallbericht
Authors: Seggel Ina
Published: November 2022

Die Diagnose Osteosarkom ist immer ein Schock und es stellen sich viele Fragen.
Palliativversorgung, sofortige Euthanasie oder Amputation? Hier die richtige
Entscheidung zu treffen ist für den Patientenhalter psychisch eine sehr
belastende Situation. Und was empfiehlt man in einem solchen Fall als Tierarzt
und Therapeut? Es ist wichtig, dass alle Optionen und deren Aspekte aufgezeigt
werden. Und das mit allen Konsequenzen für den Patienten – aber
auch für seinen Menschen.

Im Folgenden erzähle ich die Krankengeschichte meines Hundes Paul und
hoffe, dass ich auf diesem Weg das Für und Wider einer Amputation in
Verbindung mit dem Osteosarkom sowohl aus professioneller als auch aus
persönlicher Sicht vermitteln kann.
Kurkuma- und Curcuminoid-Behandlung bei Gonarthrose
Authors: Bittel Miriam , Klose Petra , Langhorst Jost
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund Die Kurkumawurzel (Curcuma longa L.) wird traditionell
in der ayurvedischen, indischen und chinesischen Medizin verwendet. Aufgrund
ihrer entzündungshemmenden Eigenschaften gelten Curcuminoide,
insbesondere Curcumin, als die wichtigsten Wirkstoffe der Kurkumawurzel und
stehen im Mittelpunkt der Forschung zur Behandlung von Kniearthrose (medizinisch
als Gonarthrose bezeichnet).

Methodik Um einen systematischen Überblick über den
aktuellen Stand der Evidenz in klinischen Studien zur Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit
der Kurkuma- und Curcuminoid-Behandlung bei Kniearthrose zu erhalten, wurde eine
systematische Literaturrecherche in mehreren Datenbanken und eine
Evidenzbewertung nach den AWMF-Leitlinien durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Neun systematische Übersichtsarbeiten mit Meta-Analyse
im Suchzeitraum 2012–2021 auf der Basis von insgesamt 16 randomisiert
kontrollierten Studien (RCTs) bewerten die orale Mono- und
Komplementärtherapie mit Kurkuma und Curcuminoiden bei Kniearthrose.
Curcuminoid-haltige Präparate wurden einvernehmlich als sichere und
klinisch wirksame Therapieoption zur Verbesserung von Schmerz und Funktion bei
Kniearthrose im Vergleich zu Placebo (11 RCTs, n=850) oder
ergänzend zur Schmerztherapie mit nicht steroidalen Antirheumatika
(NSAR) (5 RCTs, n=747) bewertet. Es sind jedoch qualitativ hochwertige,
groß angelegte RCTs erforderlich, um die therapeutische Wirksamkeit und
Sicherheit für eine Langzeitbehandlung zu bestätigen. Zudem sind
aktuell Kurkumaextrakte in Deutschland nicht als Arzneimittel
erhältlich.

Schlussfolgerung In Anbetracht der begrenzten und hohen Nebenwirkungsraten
der derzeitigen Schmerzbehandlungsoptionen kann eine orale Phytotherapie auf
Kurkumabasis für die symptomatische Behandlung von Kniearthrose und als
Ergänzung zur Schmerztherapie empfohlen werden.
Simulation and experimental study on adsorption of SF6 decomposition components and optical gas cell materials
Authors: Tian Xiaofeng , Xu Zufeng , Peng Qi , Lv ShunLi
Published: November 2022

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is widely used in gas detection of SF6 decomposition components. A gas cell is an important element in the detection system, which can directly affect the accuracy and sensitivity of detection. During the long-term use of the gas cell, SF6 decomposition components may be adsorbed on the inner wall of the gas cell, which affects the detection results and the life of the gas cell. Therefore, the study on the adsorption between the gas cell material and the SF6 decomposition component is of great significance for improving the accuracy of detection. In this paper, based on the density functional theory, the adsorption process and adsorption degree of SF6 decomposition components (SOF2, SO2F2, CO, SO2, and H2S) with three typical main gas cell materials (Al, Cu, and Fe) and two gas cell coating materials (Teflon and Au) were simulated. It was found that the adsorption of Teflon and Au with gas was weak in the five materials and that of Teflon was the weakest. The adsorption energy of the three main gas cell materials was 2.65–6.31 times that of Teflon. The simulation results were also verified by FTIR and the GC-Materials Studio (MS) method. FTIR results showed that Teflon and Au had the weakest influence on the infrared spectral absorption peak and the effect of the two materials on SOF2 and SO2F2 gas absorption peaks is only less than 0.1. The results of gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) showed that the effects of Teflon materials and Au on gas concentration were 2%–9.41% and the effects of Cu, Fe, and Al on gas concentration were 4.48%–65.43%. Therefore, Au and Teflon are suitable as coating materials for gas cells, which can reduce the adsorption of gas and improve the accuracy of infrared spectroscopy measurement. The results of this paper provide a reference for the development of application of optical gas detection technology in SF6 decomposition component detection.
Thermally stable high numerical aperture integrated waveguides and couplers for the 3 μm wavelength range
Authors: Fernandez T. Toney , Johnston B. , Mahmodi H. , Privat K. , Kabakova I. , Gross S. , Withford M. , Fuerbach A.
Published: November 2022

The femtosecond laser direct write technique was used to fabricate mid-infrared compatible waveguide couplers into Suprasil 3001, a fused silica glass with an OH content of as low as ≤1 ppm. Smooth positive step-index change multi-scan waveguides were produced with a high index contrast of 1 × 10−2, measured directly using quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry. Waveguides were annealed at 400 °C for 15 h and found to be highly stable, with only <5% reduction in positive index change. Brillouin microscopy and cathodoluminescence are introduced as novel tools that complement Raman mapping and electron microscopy for the investigation of the laser-induced structural changes within the glass matrix, and it was found that although a uniform step index profile is observed across the entire guiding region, different physical mechanisms underpin the index change in the upper and lower sections of the waveguide cross-section, respectively. Waveguides were optimized for mode-matching with optical fibers for the 3.2 μm wavelength range, and evanescent four-port directional couplers with coupling ratios ranging from 5:95 to 50:50 were designed and fabricated. This demonstration opens the door to the development of fully integrated and temperature-stable hybrid chip/fiber systems for the important mid-infrared spectral range.
漢語考試大綱詞表和語料庫詞頻的反向檢視研究
Authors: Hsin Shih-chang , Rui Jingying , Zhou Keqin
Published: November 2022

抽象的

國際漢語教材的生詞經過專家編訂及實際教學錘煉，可反向檢視漢語考試大綱詞彙分級的合宜性以及語料庫詞頻的對應性。本研究從九套具有代表性的初級國際漢語教材選出生詞樣本，分別依據中國大陸及臺灣的漢語考試分級詞表及大型漢語語料庫，統計樣本詞的等級及詞頻分佈。發現初級教材生詞竟普遍包括考試大綱的高級詞及超綱詞，顯示大綱的詞量及收詞有待商榷。而其詞頻分佈也普遍有高比例的低頻詞，可見語料庫的詞頻難以作為教材實際編寫的選詞依憑。
Generalized Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity in presence of Block brane-like models*
Authors: Andrade I. , Bazeia D. , Lobão Jr. A. S. , Menezes R.
Published: November 2022

We investigate generalized Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity, coupling the dilaton field with two scalar matter fields. We obtain the equations of motion for the fields and investigate a linear perturbation of the solutions in general. We study two specific situations that allow for analytic solutions with topological behavior and check how the dilaton field, the warp factor and the Ricci scalar behave. In particular, we show how the parameters can be used to modify the structure of the solutions. Moreover, the perturbations are, in general, described by intricate coupled differential equations, but in some specific cases, we can construct the corresponding zero modes analytically.
Fissile mass estimation using β-delayed γ-rays and neutrons from fast and epithermal induced fissions
Authors: Ocherashvili A. , Beck A. , Bogucarska T. , Crochemore J.-M. , Heger G. , Michaeli D. , Israelashvili I. , Roesgen E. , Varasano G. , Pedersen B.
Published: November 2022

A potential method for mass estimation of shielded special nuclear materials (SNM) is proposed. The method uses fast and epithermal neutrons, generated by an external pulsed neutron source, to induce fission in SNM. The subsequent β-delayed γ-rays and neutrons, emitted by the fission products, are measured simultaneously by two 3He slab detectors and a coaxial high purity germanium (HPGe) detector, located around the tested material. Measuring simultaneously both, β-delayed γ-rays and neutrons measurement, offers improved sensitivity for fissile materials detecting.

Laboratory examination of the method was performed in the Pulsed Neutron Interrogation Test Assembly (PUNITA), using CBNM (Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements) samples of Uranium.
Design and analysis of conical rotary compressor
Authors: Lu Y , Hoang K , Noake D , Low N
Published: November 2022

Conical Rotary Compressor (CRC) is a screw type Positive Displacement Machine (PDM) consisting of one inner rotor rotating inside an outer rotor. The conical internal meshing rotors with the feature of variable pitch and rotor profile have an inherent capability to operation at high pressure ratio due to high built-in volume ratio and low leakage. CRC has potential to run in various applications such as Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, vacuum pumps, and air compressors. The performance of the machine is heavily affected by rotor profile and rotor geometry. In this paper, non-parallel axis conical rotor is firstly introduced according to current successful design and manufacture practice, then parallel axis conical rotors are design based on meshing theory. Then, geometrical parameters such as meshing line length, cross section area, chamber volume and relative velocity are analysed. Finally, the experiments were conducted under different pressure ratio up to 26 and the volume flow rate, specific power, volumetric efficiency, and isentropic efficiency are compared. As a result of this study, CRC could maintain high level of volumetric and isentropic efficiency under wide range of pressure ratio. Improvement of the compressor design can be made to limit increases in temperature, reduce relative velocity and increase the overall efficiency of the machine.
Laser-Optical Shear-Flow Analysis across the Annular Gap of a Simplified Displacement Compressor Model
Authors: Leister Robin , Brümmer Andreas , Kriegseis Jochen
Published: November 2022

The present experimental feasibility study testifies the two flow measurement techniques Defocusing Particle Tracking Velocimetry (DPTV) and Interferometric Particle Imaging (IPI) for their applicability to measure the two-phase flow of thin (sub-millimeter) annular rotor-stator gaps such as occur across for the leakage flow e.g. in the housing gap of oil-injected rotary positive displacement compressors (RPDC). To provide unrestriced optical access to the annular gap and in turn eliminate secondary effects, a simplified displacement compressor model has been developed and fabricated from perspex. The proof-of-concept results of both experimental campaigns (DPTV & IPI) are discussed and avenues for future efforts towards a straight-forward and accurate applicability of either method are elaborated.