bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Miskin Pedesaan
Authors: Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Kehik Bernardus Seran
Published: November 2018

Fakta yang terjadi di desa Oenenu kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara (TTU) bahwa setelah program-program pemberdayaan berjalan, pemerintah desa belum melakukan evaluasi secara sistematis sebagai pertanggungjawaban dari pemerintah desa terhadap keseluruhan program. Dengan tidak dilakukan evaluasi secara baik oleh pemerintah desa untuk melihat kembali program yang telah dilakukan sebagai bentuk pemberdayaan masyarakat maka sangat sulit untuk mengetahui sejauh mana suatu program pengentasan kemiskinan berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat yang telah dilakukan memberikan dampak positif kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran sejauh mana pemerintah desa Oenenu Utara melaksanakan program pemberdayaan masyarakat miskin. Penelitian dilaksanakan di desa Oenenu, kecamatan Bikomi Tengah, kabupaten TTU pada bulan Januari sampai bulan April 2017. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan masyarakat miskin di desa Oenenu yang berjumlah 12 orang, sampel berjumlah 12 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel jenuh. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan, wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Data dianalisa menggunakan teknik analisa data kualitatif yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah desa dan masyarakat desa Oenenu Utara telah bersama-sama menjalankan berbagai kegiatan dalam upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan dalam bidang pendidikan, ekonomi dan peningkatan keterampilan masyarakat. Kegiatan tersebut berjalan melalui program-program antara lain pemberantasan tuna aksara, pelatihan kader, penyuluhan tentang cara hidup sehat, penyuluhan tentang gotong royong, pembinaan kelompok usaha ekonomi masyarakat, ketrampilan menjahit, penyuluhan memelihara ternak, pemanfaatan teknologi tepat guna, pengolahan pekarangan, dan pemanfaatan hasil lokal. Pemerintah desa telah berperan aktif dan secara serius berupaya mengeluarkan masyarakat dari lingkaran garis kemiskinan yang ada di desa Oenenu Utara. ©2018 dipublikasikan oleh Agrimor.
Korelasi Bobot Badan dengan Ukuran Linear Tubuh Ternak Babi Jantan Peranakan VDL pada Peternakan Rakyat di Kecamatan Kota Kefamenanu, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara
Authors: Kapitan Maria M. , Beyleto Veronika Yuneriati , Dethan Agustinus Agung
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi bobot badan dengan ukuran linear tubuh ternak babi jantan peranakan VDL di Kecamatan Kota Kefamenanu. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey dengan teknik wawancara dan pengukuran langsung di lapangan untuk mendapatkan data primer, sedangkan data sekunder diambil dari instansi terkait. Penentuan desa dilakukan secara (purposive sampling) dari 3 kelurahan yang berada di satu kecamatan dengan pertimbangan memiliki populasi babi terbanyak. Parameter yang diukur yaitu bobot badan untuk setiap kelompok umur ternak (anak, muda, dewasa) dan ukuran linear tubuh (panjang badan, lingkat dada, tinggi pundak). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan korelasi antara bobot badan dengan panjang badan untuk kelompok umur anak, muda, dewasa adalah, 0,93; 0,97; 0,96. Korelasi antara bobot badan dengan lingkar dada untuk kelompok umur anak, muda, dewasa, adalah 0,92; 0,97; 0,97. Korelasi antara bobot badan dengan tinggi pundak umtuk kelompok umur anak, muda, dewasa, adalah 0,93; 0,97; 0,96. Korelasi bersifat positif antara bobot badan dengan ukuran linear tubuh ternak babi jantan peranakan VDL dari berbagai kelompok umur di Kecamatan Kota Kefamenanu. ©2016 dipublikasikan oleh JAS.
Pengaruh Celup Puting Menggunakan Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu Matang terhadap Jumlah Sel Somatik Sapi Perah Mastitis Subklinis
Authors: Purwantiningsih Theresia Ika
Published: November 2018

Mastitis menjadi masalah utama dalam tata laksana usaha peternakan sapi perah karena dapat menurunkan produksi susu dalam jumlah besar. Celup puting adalah salah satu cara untuk meminimalisir penyebaran bakteri penyebab mastitis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh celup puting menggunakan ekstrak buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) matang terhadap jumlah sel somatik sapi perah yang menderita mastitis subklinis. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat ekor sapi Friesian Holstein (FH) yang diketahui menderita mastitis sub klinis. Puting sapi FH dicelup menggunakan ekstrak buah mengkudu matang konsentrasi 30% dan 40% dalam kurun waktu satu bulan. Perhitungan jumlah sel somatik dihitung setelah celup puting dilakukan. Celup puting secara signifikan (P<0,05) dapat mengurangi jumlah sel somatik pada sapi perah yang menderita mastitis sub klinis. Larutan ekstrak buah mengkudu matang konsentrasi 40% lebih baik dalam mengurangi jumlah sel somatik. ©2016 dipublikasikan oleh JAS.
Profil Darah Sapi Bali yang Mendapat Konsentrat Berbahan Semak Bunga Putih (Chromolaena odorata) dengan Level yang Berbeda
Authors: Bira Gerson Frans
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat profil darah ternak sapi penggemukan yang mendapat chromolaena odorata (Co) dalam konsentrat. Materi yang digunakan adalah 4 ekor sapi Bali jantan muda yang berumur 2 tahun dengan rerata berat badan awal 143 kg (± 7,11 Kg). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan percobaan bujur sangkar latin (4 x 4) dipakai untuk menguji 4 jenis ransum perlakuan. Ransum yang diuji adalah mash yang mengandung COM10% (COM 10%), 20% (COM 20%), 30% (COM 30%) dan 40% (COM 40%). Konsentrat diberikan 2% dari berat badan. Parameter yang diamati adalah glukosa darah, urea darah, Hb, eritrosit dan trombosit darah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa setiap penambahan Co dalam pakan tidak mempengaruhi profil darah ternak percobaan (normal), hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan perlakuan fisik akan megurangi bahkan menghilangkan kandungan anti-nutrient yang dikandung Co. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan Co dalam kosentrat sampai 40% tidak akan mempengaruhi profil darah ternak sapi penggemukan sehingga Co berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pakan sumber protein yang murah dan mudah untuk didapatkan. ©2016 dipublikasikan oleh JAS.
Pemanfatan Nutrisi pada Sapi Bali Betina Afkir yang Diberi Pakan Komplit Fermentasi Berbasis Daun Gamal dengan Level Energi Berbeda
Authors: Sadipun M. M. , Jelantik I Gusti N. , Mullik M. L.
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai respon kenaikan berat badan sapi bali yang diberi pakan komplit fermentasi berbasis daun gamal (Gliricidia sepium) yang mengandung tingkat tambahan energi metabolis sebesar 7 MJ. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan RAL dengan dua puluh satu ekor sapi Bali (berumur 5-8 tahun dan berat badan 174,8 - 188,9 kg) yang terdiri dari tiga perlakuan dan tujuh ulangan. Pemberian pakan berlangsung selama 12 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan komplit fermentasi berbasis daun gamal dengan level energi metabolis berbeda (EM 7 MJ/Kg BK, EM 8 MJ/Kg BK dan EM 9 MJ/Kg BK) tidak mempengaruhi konsumsi dan kecernaan protein kasar, energy metabolis, konsumsi bahan kering tercerna, konsumsi nutrien kemudian juga cenderung meningkatkan PBB sapi Bali betina afkir yang digemukan dengan protein kasar 12,3%, dari pakan EM 8 MJ/kgBK menjadi EM 9 MJ/kgBK cenderung meningkatkan PBBHnya sebesar 0,63-0,75kg/hari. ©2016 dipublikasikan oleh JAS.
Analisis Finansial Sistim Penggemukan Sapi Potong oleh Perusahaan dan Peternakan Rakyat di Kabupaten Kupang
Authors: Sunarto E. Edi , Nono Obed H. , Lole Ulrikus R. , Sikone Hilarius Yosef
Published: November 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pendapatan usaha penggemukan sapi di perusahaan peternakan dan peternakan rakyat, kelayakan usaha penggemukan sapi potong di perusahaan peternakan dibandingkan dengan usaha penggemukan sapi potong di peternakan rakyat, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi besaran pendapatan dari usaha penggemukan sapi potong di perusahaan dan peternak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey. Pengambilan wilayah sampel ditentukan secara Sampel Acak Klaster (Cluster Random Sampling) dan responden secara purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 60 responden. Analisis kelayakan finansial dikaji secara kuantitatif melalui analisis biaya dan manfaat, analisis laba rugi, analisis kriteria investasi, yaitu meliputi Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Payback Pariod (PP), dan Analisis Switching Value. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa usaha penggemukan di perusahaan peternakan untuk sapi jantan memiliki nilai NPV sebesar Rp. 7.472.015.043; B/C sebesar 3.09; IRR sebesar 30.15%; Usaha penggemukan sapi betina afkir memiliki nilai NPV sebesar Rp. 3.720.704.516,- B/C sebesar 4.87; IRR sebesar 34%; sementara usaha penggemukan sapi jantan di peternakan rakyat memiliki nilai NPV sebesar Rp. 61.825.470; B/C adalah 4.92; IRR sebesar 95%. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi besaran pendapatan untu usaha penggemukan sapi adalah jumlah ternak, harga bakalan, tenaga kerja dan harga jual, biaya pakan, dan bobot akhir ternak. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah usaha penggemukan sapi potong di Kabupaten Kupang baik yang dilakukan oleh peternak maupun perusahaan peternakan layak dijalankan. ©2016 dipublikasikan oleh JAS.
Pengaruh Olah Tanah dan Jenis Pupuk Kandang terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Cabe Rawit Varietas Bara (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Authors: Ajak Agustinus , Taolin Roberto I. C. O.
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh olah lahan dan jenis pupuk kandang terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil cabe rawit serta mendapatkan jenis olah tanah dan pupuk kandang yang tepat. Penelitian mengunakan rancangan petak terbagi pola faktorial. Faktor petak utama adalah olah tanah yang terdiri dari tiga aras yaitu olah lubang, olah jalur dan olah maksimum. Faktor anak petak adalah jenis pupuk kandang yang terdiri dari tiga aras yaitu pupuk kandang sapi, pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk kandang babi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pengaruh interaksi antara olah tanah dan jenis pupuk hanya terjadi pada parameter berat buah per petak panen pertama. Olah tanah hanya memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap suhu tanah 21 HST dan 63 HST dan diameter buah sedangkan jenis pupuk memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap suhu tanah 42 HST, jumlah buah per tanaman, berat buah per tanaman, serta berat buah per petak panen I, panen II dan panen III. Olah jalur memberikan produksi cabe rawit tertinggi yakni 4,22 t/ha sedangkan jenis pupuk yang memberikan produksi tertinggi yakni pupuk kandang sapi yakni 4,30 t/ha. ©2016 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Teh Kompos terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bayam Merah (Alternanthera amoena Voss)
Authors: Bria Deseriana
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi teh kompos terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bayam merah (Alternanthera amoena, Voss) varietas Red R. Dua jenis teh kompos, guano dan campuran arang sekam+hijauan, diberikan dalam konsentrasi 100, 50 dan 25% pada bayam merah dalam sebuah percobaan pot yang disusun menurut rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Teh kompos diberikan setiap minggu semenjak tanaman berumur 14 hingga 35 hari setelah tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi teh kompos meningkatkan jumlah daun 106,9-126,3% dan hasil (berat segar total) bayam merah 136,6-237,3% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Hasil tertinggi bayam merah yang diekspresikan dalam bentuk berat segar per tanaman yakni 6,81 g atau 2,4 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan kontrol diperoleh dari aplikasi teh kompos guano 25%. Hasil yang serupa diperoleh dari pemberian teh kompos arang sekam + hijauan 50%. ©2016 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Perbaikan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Tanah di Tanah Entisol Semiarid melalui Aplikasi Biochar
Authors: Berek Arnoldus Klau , Tabati Prisila Oktoviana , Keraf Ursulina Uto , Bere Edmundus , Taekab Remegius , Wora Ardianus
Published: November 2018

Produktivitas kacang tanah di tanah Entisol (lithic subgroup) semiarid di wilayah Timor Barat sangat rendah karena solum tanahnya sangat tipis, kandungan bahan organik sangat rendah, retensi air dan haranya pun rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperbaiki produktivitas kacang tanah di tanah Entisol melalui aplikasi biochar. Tiga jenis biochar yakni sekam padi, kayu putih dan jerami kirinyu yang diproduksi pada suhu 290-320oC diberikan pada tanah Entisol dengan takaran 0, 5 dan 10 t/ha, diinkubasikan selama 30 hari dan ditanami dengan kacang tanah varietas lokal. Setiap petak percobaan, kecuali kontrol, diberikan 5 t/ha pupuk kandang sebagai sumber unsur hara. Semua kombinasi perlakukan disusun dalam sebuah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial 3 x 3 dan diulang melalui 4 blok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil kacang tanah ( berat kering polong) meningkat 50-100% dibandingkan dengan kontrol melalui pemberian biochar 5-10 t/ha. Pemberian biochar juga meningkatkan total polong dan jumlah polong berbiji 2 dan 3, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, luas daun, jumlah bintil akar, dan berat kering tanaman. Efek jenis biochar terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang tanah secara berurutan adalah sekam padi > kirinyu > kayu putih, sedangkan dari aspek takaran, secara umum 10 t/ha lebih tinggi dari pada 5 t/ha. Perbaikan produktivitas kacang tanah oleh pemberian biochar tersebut kemungkinan disebabkan oleh efek langsung pada tanaman atau perbaikan produktivitas tanah Entisol. Secara umum, pemberian biochar sekam padi, kirinyu dan kayu putih pada tanah Entisol semiarid dapat memperbaiki produktivitas tanah dan karenanya meningkatkan hasil kacang tanah. ©2017 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Pengaruh Takaran dan Frekuensi Aplikasi PGPR terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L.).
Authors: Naihati Yohanes F. , Taolin Roberto I. C. O. , Rusae Aloysius
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membuktikan pengaruh takaran dan frekuensi aplikasi PGPR terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada dan juga mengetahui takaran dan frekuensi aplikasi PGPR yang tepat untuk mendapatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada yang terbaik. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah takaran PGPR yang terdiri dari tiga aras yakni 25 g, 50 g dan, 75 g. Faktor yang kedua adalah frekuensi aplikasi yang terdiri dari tiga aras yakni tanpa penyiraman (kontrol), satu kali penyiraman dan, dua kali penyiraman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara takaran dan frekuensi aplikasi PGPR terjadi pada semua parameter pertumbuhan dan hasil selada yakni tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, berat trubus baik segar maupun kering, berat akar baik segar maupun kering, berat tanaman baik segar maupun kering, berat tanaman per petak baik segar maupun kering dan indeks panen. Aplikasi PGPR sebanyak dua kali dengan takaran 25 g memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada yang terbaik. ©2018 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Cendawan Patogen pada Beberapa Varietas Jagung di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara
Authors: Hausufa Albertus , Rusae Aloysius
Published: November 2018

Jagung merupakan bahan pangan yang penting karena jagung merupakan sumber karbohidrat kedua setelah beras. Benih salah satu komponen penting dalam keberhasilan peningkatan produksi pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis cendawan yang berasosiasi pada benih jagung, dilakukan bulan April sampai bulan Mei 2017 di laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Timor. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial. Identifikasi patogen dilakukan dengan karakterisasi morfologi, selain itu dilakukan pengujian daya berkecambah benih dan potensi tumbuh maksimum dengan metode UKDdp. Benih yang digunakan adalah varietas Lokal Putih kecil, varietas lokal putih besar dan hibrida, berasal dari beberapa daerah berdasarkan ketinggian tempat yakni Eban 1000 mdpl, Mamsena 400-800 mdpl, Wini 100-200 mdpl. Hasil identifikasi didapatkan dua genus yaitu Aspergillus sp1, Aspergillus sp2, Aspergillus sp3 dan Fusarium sp, serangan cendawan Aspergillus sp1 tertinggi pada varietas lokal kecil 7,78% dan ketinggian tempat T2 (Wini), Fusarium sp tertinggi pada varietas jagung hibrida 40,00% dan ketinggian tempat tertinggi pada T1 (Eban) 8,67%. Pengujian daya kecambah benih pada ketiga varietas berkisar antara 16,44%-26,00%. ©2018 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Image of Nurses Perceived by High School Students in Yogyakarta City
Authors: Wahyudian Annisa Nurul Ramadhanti , (Corresponding author) Elsi Dwi Hapsari
Published: November 2018

Misperception of and misunderstanding about nurses among high school students will affect their interest in continuing their education to nursing department and will affect recruitment of nurse health personnel. This study aims at providing an illustration of image of nurse perceived by high school students in Yogyakarta city. It is a descriptive research using cross sectional approach involving 415 third grade students of Natural Science Program (IPA) in Yogyakarta City in January 2016. Data were collected using a questionnaire made by researchers by modifying the research of Seranath & Gunawerdana and questionnaire of May et al. Data were analyzed through univariate and bivariate analysis using chi square statistic test. The results of the study showed that of 415 respondents, 54.9% of respondents had high knowledge of nursing, 47% of respondents had positive perception of nurses, and 49.4% of respondents had interest in nursing. The results of statistical tests indicated that there is no correlation of students’ knowledge and perceptions of nurses with their desire to continue education to the department of nursing. Recommendations: It is necessary to improve public perception for the image of nurses by providing information to high school students about nursing and its employment prospects.
Response of sweetpotato to the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in marginal upland
Authors: Ratilla Berta , Bagarinao Jay-Ar , Capuno Othello
Published: November 2018

Marginal uplands are characterized by low soil fertility and crop productivity. To alleviate the problem, organic amendments combined with inorganic fertilizer were tested to assess their effects on the growth and yield performance of sweetpotato; determine the option treatment combination; and assess the soil physicochemical properties. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely: T0 = (0-0-0); T1 = 1 t ha-1 Evans + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2 = 1 t ha-1 Wellgrow + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3 = 15 t ha-1 chicken dung alone; T4 = 10 t ha-1 chicken dung + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5 = 15 t ha-1 Vermicast alone; and T6 = 10 t ha-1 Vermicast + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of 10 t ha-1 of either chicken dung or vermicast plus 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 in Inopacan, Leyte produced higher total root yield over the control. Root yield during the second cropping greatly increased to 16.19 t ha-1 which is almost 3 times higher than the first crop when 15 t ha-1 chicken dung alone (T3) was used. In Sta. Rita, Samar, most of the growth, yield, and yield parameters of sweetpotato were not affected by the treatments. Moreover, only a slight improvement in soil properties was noted.
İSLAMİ HİSSE SENEDİ ENDEKSLERİ ARASINDA GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMI: GELİŞMİŞ VE GELİŞMEKTE OLAN PİYASALARDA ÇOK DEĞİŞKENLİ VAR-EGARCH UYGULAMASI
Authors: ÇELİK İsmail , ÖZDEMİR Arife , DEMİR Semra
Published: November 2018

Bu
çalışmanın amacı ABD ile Endonezya, Malezya ve Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan
ülkelerdeki İslami hisse senedi endeksleri arasında olası getiri ve volatilite
yayılımlarını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın ampirik uygulamasında çok değişkenli
VAR(4)-EGARCH(1,1) modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada MSCI (Morgan Stanley
Capital International) tarafından hazırlanan İslami endekslere ait 14.06.2012
ve 14.06.2017 aralığındaki günlük verilerden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma
sonuçlarına göre, geleneksel hisse senedi endeksleri üzerine yapılan
çalışmalara benzer şekilde İslami endeksler açısından da gelişmiş ülkeler ile
gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasında asimetrik ve çok yönlü bir getiri ve
volatilite yayılımı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye İslami endeksine doğru
gelişmekte olan piyasalardan herhangi bir getiri yayılımına rastlanmadığı ve
gelişmekte olan piyasalar arasında en az volatilite kalıcılığına sahip ülkenin
Türkiye olduğu ayrıca ortaya konulmuştur.
Socio-economic status and feeding practices among the mothers of under-five children in an urban slum of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Amin AFM Sujauddoula Al , Debnath Sumon Chandra , Galib Asadullahil , Rouf Md Abdur , Haque Md Ekramul , Rabby Md Fazlay , Zannat Taslima , Rahim Zahidur
Published: November 2018

Poor socio-economic conditions and inappropriate feeding practices in slum dwelling mothers can have adverse consequences for the health and nutritional status of their under-five children. The present study was to assess the feeding practices and socio-economic status mothers of under-five children. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2015 in four urban slums of Bangladesh. Two hundred and fifty five mother-child pairs were selected by non-random convenience sampling and were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken from under-five children aged 6-59 months. In the present study, boys (54.0%) were predominant over girls (46.0%). The prevalence of initiation of breastfeeding after delivery, prelacteal feeds, exclusive breastfeeding and bottle-feeding were 34.5%, 43.5%, 39.6% and 30.6%, respectively. Out of 255 children studied, more than half (57.6%) of the children received complementary feeds at the appropriate time whereas 45.9% children received with appropriate consistency. Meal frequency was 40.4% and minimum dietary diversity was given to only 39.6% of the children. Minimum dietary diversity means feeding the child food from at least four food groups. Feeding practices improve as mother‟s education levels and household income status increases while maximum slum dwelling mothers are illiterate and primary level completed and household income status are not static. Data showed that overall 14.0% of under-five children were suffering from malnutrition. In terms of severity, 11.3% were moderately malnourished-MAM and 2.7% were severely malnourished-SAM. Various inappropriate feeding practices are more prevalent among urban slum mothers. From this study, it was evident that mothers of low socio-economic group have poor knowledge regarding the feeding practices of their under-five children. There is an urgent need to bridge the “knowledge gap” and “practice gap” of mother‟s from urban slum and lower socio economic strata of the community by further strengthening the on-going breastfeeding programme, breastfeeding knowledge and practice of mothers in urban slum areas.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2018, 4(3): 307-314
Children's Voices in the Polish Canon Wars: Participatory Research in Action
Authors: Chawar Ewa , Deszcz-Tryhubczak Justyna , Kowalska Katarzyna , Maniakowska Olga , Marecki Mateusz , Palczyńska Milena , Pszczołowski Eryk , Sikora Dorota
Published: November 2018

Despite its rightful concern with childhood as an essentialist cultural construct, the field of children's literature studies has tended to accept the endemicity of asymmetrical power relations between children and adults. It is only recently, under the influence of children's rights discourses, that children's literature scholars have developed concepts reflecting their recognition of more egalitarian relationships between children and adults. This essay is a result of the collaboration between child and adult researchers and represents a scholarly practice based on an intergenerational democratic dialogue in which children's voices are respected for their intrinsic salience. The presence of child researchers in children's literature studies confirms an important shift currently taking place in our field, providing evidence for the impossibility of regarding children's literature only as a manifestation of adult power over young generations.
Quantification of Oil Content in Intact Sugar Beet Seed by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Martínez-Arias Rosa , Ronquillo-López María Gabriela , Schechert Axel
Published: November 2018

Sugar beet seed oil reserves play an important role in successful germination and seedling development. The purpose of this study was to establish a non-destructive near-infrared (NIR) methodology with good predictive accuracy to quantify stored seed oil in sugar beet seed. Reflectance NIR spectra were acquired from viable monogerm seeds. Calibration equations were developed using partial least squares. The optimized calibration model reached a Pearson correlation of 0.946; an independent prediction test reached a correlation of 0.919 and a Root Mean Square Error of Prediction of 0.388. The possible role of the outer pericarp in the prediction of oil content was additionally considered. The results indicate that the model is suitable for a rapid and accurate determination of the oil content in both polished and unpolished sugar beet seeds. This NIR application might help to understand the role of seed energy reservoirs in sugar beet germination and further plant growth.
A Modified Interposer Fabrication Process by Copper Nano-Pillars Filled in Anodic Aluminum Oxide Film for 3D Electronic Package
Authors: Hang Chunjin , Zhang He , Tian Yanhong , Wang Chenxi , Huang Yuan , Zheng Zhen , Wang Chunqing
Published: November 2018

Though copper nano-pillars (CNPs) filled in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film has been developed for many years, the high pore-filling percentage in AAO is still a bottleneck. We have demonstrated a new electrodeposition method to fill CNPs in AAO without the seed layer which is required in the traditional electrodeposition process. CNPs with uniform heights were obtained and the pore-filling percentage reached up to 97.5%. Low current density is beneficial for the high pore-filling percentage due to the uniform growing rate in different nanoscale pores. The high temperature increased the diffusion velocity of ions and enhanced the pore filling percentage but also corroded the AAO film simultaneously. Results showed that CNPs grains with <220> orientation were fabricated. Electrodeposition with low electric current could contribute to the forming of CNPs with (220) preferred orientation due to the promotion of dehydration reduction processes. The thermal conductivities of Cu-AAO interposers reaches 92.34 W/(m·K) and 3.19 W/(m·K) in vertical and horizontal directions, respectively.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Liver Resection with the Rf-Based Device Habib™-4X with the Clamp-Crush Technique
Authors: Jayant Kumar , Sodergren Mikael H. , Reccia Isabella , Kusano Tomokazu , Zacharoulis Dimitris , Spalding Duncan , Pai Madhava , Jiao Long R. , Huang Kai Wen
Published: November 2018

Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and third most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Presently, indications for liver resections for liver cancers are widening, but the response is varied owing to the multitude of factors including excess intraoperative bleeding, increased blood transfusion requirement, post-hepatectomy liver failure and morbidity. The advent of the radiofrequency energy-based bipolar device Habib™-4X has made bloodless hepatic resection possible. The radiofrequency-generated coagulative necrosis on normal liver parenchyma provides a firm underpinning for the bloodless liver resection. This meta-analysis was undertaken to analyse the available data on the clinical effectiveness or outcomes of liver resection with Habib™-4X in comparison to the clamp-crush technique. The RF-assisted device Habib™-4X is considered a safe and feasible modality for liver resection compared to the clamp-crush technique owing to the multitude of benefits and mounting clinical evidence supporting its role as a superior liver resection device. The most intriguing advantage of the RF-device is its ability to induce systemic and local immunomodulatory changes that further expand the boundaries of survival outcomes following liver resection.
Effects of Dark Chocolate Intake on Brain Electrical Oscillations in Healthy People
Authors: Santiago-Rodríguez Efraín , Estrada-Zaldívar Brenda , Zaldívar-Uribe Elba
Published: November 2018

Dark chocolate is rich in flavonoids that can have effects on body composition and cognitive performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of acute and subchronic chocolate intake on electrical brain oscillations. A study with 20 healthy subjects (mean age of 24.15 years) and a control group with five subjects (mean age of 23.2 years) was carried out. In the acute effect study, the subjects’ intake was dark chocolate (103.72 mg/kg of body weight) rich in flavonoids and low in calories as in fasting. In the control group, the subjects intake was only low-calorie milk. For the subchronic effect, a daily dose of dark chocolate was given for eight days. The baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded before dark chocolate intake; at 30 min, the second EEG was carried out; on the eighth day, the third and fourth EEGs were performed before and after the last intake. In acute and subchronic intake, Delta Absolute Power (AP) decrease was observed in most brain regions (p < 0.05), except in the right fronto-centro-temporal regions. In the Theta band, there was a generalized decrease of the AP of predominance in the left fronto-centro-temporal regions. In contrast, an increase in AP was observed in the temporo-occipital regions in the Alpha band, and in the right temporal and parieto-occipital regions in the Beta band. The control group did not have significant changes in brain oscillations (p > 0.05). We concluded that acute and subchronic chocolate intake decreased the Delta and Theta AP and increased Alpha and Beta AP in most brain regions.
Prevalence of Total Physical Activity, Muscle-Strengthening Activities, and Excessive TV Viewing among Older Adults; and Their Association with Sociodemographic Factors
Authors: Lin Chien-Yu , Park Jong-Hwan , Hsueh Ming-Chun , Sun Wen-Jung , Liao Yung
Published: November 2018

The study aimed to describe the prevalence of meeting moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), muscle-strengthening (MS) activities, and television (TV) viewing guidelines, and their association with sociodemographic factors. Data from older adults aged 65 or above were sampled by age and sex to the population aged 65+ years for each area in Taiwan and collected through telephone interviews. The prevalence of meeting MVPA and MS activities, MVPA and MS activities guidelines, and excessive TV viewing were calculated. We also investigated their associations with sociodemographic variables using logistic regression analyses. A total of 1068 older adults (response rate: 32.5%) participated in the present study. 79.4% met the MVPA guidelines (150 min weekly), 25.3% met the MS guidelines (twice a week), 22.4% met both MVPA and MS guidelines, and 53.1% engaged in excessive TV viewing (more than or equal to two hours per day). Overall, in old age, low educational level was associated with lower odds of meeting MVPA and MS activities, and both the MVPA and MS activity guidelines; while living alone and having no full-time job had higher odds of excessive TV viewing. A large number of older adults do not meet the MS recommendations, but are engaged in excessive TV viewing. Our findings may be important for public health interventions to promote MS and avoid excessive TV viewing, especially for at-risk subgroups.
Using Risk Communication Strategies for Zika Virus Prevention and Control Driven by Community-Based Participatory Research
Authors: Juarbe-Rey Deborah , Pérez Adriana Obén , Santoni Roberto Papo Christian P. , Ramírez Melissa Ramírez , Vera Mildred
Published: November 2018

Background: In this study, we use community-based participatory processes to engage community and academic partners in a meaningful exchange to identify and pilot test risk communication strategies for Zika virus prevention and control. Methods: Community members were actively involved in planning, developing, and implementing a risk communication initiative. Qualitative and quantitative data gathered through individual interviews, focus groups, and community advisory board input provided information for the identification of relevant risk communication strategies to increase the understanding about Zika virus and to promote behavior change. To examine its impact we obtained baseline and follow-up data from a random sample of 75 community residents. A face-to-face interview was conducted to assess community members’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding Zika virus infection. Results: Study activities focused on three risk communication strategies: Zika awareness health fair, health education through theater, and community forums and workshops. The risk communication initiative was implemented over a two-month period. Findings from baseline and follow-up data demonstrated significant positive changes in respondents’ recognition of personal and community responsibility for the prevention of Zika infection, increased knowledge of prevention strategies, and enhanced engagement in preventive behaviors for mosquito control. Conclusion: Our findings sustain the benefits of community based participatory research for the design and implementation of risk communication strategies that are relevant to enable residents in low-income communities to take informed decisions for the protection against Zika virus and other mosquito-borne diseases.
Genome-Wide Investigation of the Auxin Response Factor Gene Family in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)
Authors: Liu Moyang , Ma Zhaotang , Wang Anhu , Zheng Tianrun , Huang Li , Sun Wenjun , Zhang Yanjun , Jin Weiqiong , Zhan Junyi , Cai Yuntao , Tang Yujia , Wu Qi , Tang Zizhong , Bu Tongliang , Li Chenglei , Chen Hui
Published: November 2018

Auxin signaling plays an important role in plant growth and development. It responds to various developmental and environmental events, such as embryogenesis, organogenesis, shoot elongation, tropical growth, lateral root formation, flower and fruit development, tissue and organ architecture, and vascular differentiation. However, there has been little research on the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) genes of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), an important edible and medicinal crop. The recent publication of the whole-genome sequence of tartary buckwheat enables us to study the tissue and expression profile of the FtARF gene on a genome-wide basis. In this study, 20 ARF (FtARF) genes were identified and renamed according to the chromosomal distribution of the FtARF genes. The results showed that the FtARF genes belonged to the related sister pair, and the chromosomal map showed that the duplication of FtARFs was related to the duplication of the chromosome blocks. The duplication of some FtARF genes shows conserved intron/exon structure, which is different from other genes, suggesting that the function of these genes may be diverse. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis exhibited distinct expression patterns of FtARF genes in various tissues and in response to exogenous auxin during fruit development. In this study, 20 FtARF genes were identified, and the structure, evolution, and expression patterns of the proteins were studied. This systematic analysis laid a foundation for the further study of the functional characteristics of the ARF genes and for the improvement of tartary buckwheat crops.
Ketone Formation via Decarboxylation Reactions of Fatty Acids Using Solid Hydroxide/Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Smith Benjamin , Li Li , Perera-Solis Diego , Gildea Louise , Zholobenko Vladimir , Dyer Philip , Greenwell H.
Published: November 2018

A sustainable route to ketones is described where stearone is produced via ketonic decarboxylation of stearic acid mediated by solid base catalysts in yields of up to 97%, at 250 °C. A range of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and mixed metal oxide (MMO) solid base catalysts were prepared with Mg/Al ratios of between 2 and 6 via two synthetic routes, co-precipitation and co-hydration, with each material tested for their catalytic performance. For a given Mg/Al ratio, the LDH and MMO materials showed similar reactivity, with no correlation to the method of preparation. The presence of co-produced oxide phases in the co-hydration catalysts had negligible impact on reactivity.
Molecular Analysis of Forensically Important Blow Flies in Thailand
Authors: Sontigun Narin , Sukontason Kabkaew L. , Amendt Jens , Zajac Barbara K. , Zehner Richard , Sukontason Kom , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap , Wannasan Anchalee
Published: November 2018

Blow flies are the first insect group to colonize on a dead body and thus correct species identification is a crucial step in forensic investigations for estimating the minimum postmortem interval, as developmental times are species-specific. Due to the difficulty of traditional morphology-based identification such as the morphological similarity of closely related species and uncovered taxonomic keys for all developmental stages, DNA-based identification has been increasing in interest, especially in high biodiversity areas such as Thailand. In this study, the effectiveness of long mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II (COI and COII) sequences (1247 and 635 bp, respectively) in identifying 16 species of forensically relevant blow flies in Thailand (Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya chani, Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya nigripes, Chrysomya pinguis, Chrysomya rufifacies, Chrysomya thanomthini, Chrysomya villeneuvi, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia papuensis, Lucilia porphyrina, Lucilia sinensis, Hemipyrellia ligurriens, Hemipyrellia pulchra, Hypopygiopsis infumata, and Hypopygiopsis tumrasvini) was assessed using distance-based (Kimura two-parameter distances based on Best Match, Best Close Match, and All Species Barcodes criteria) and tree-based (grouping taxa by sequence similarity in the neighbor-joining tree) methods. Analyses of the obtained sequence data demonstrated that COI and COII genes were effective markers for accurate species identification of the Thai blow flies. This study has not only demonstrated the genetic diversity of Thai blow flies, but also provided a reliable DNA reference database for further use in forensic entomology within the country and other regions where these species exist.
Numerical Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of a Wave-Powered Reverse-Osmosis System
Authors: Yu Yi-Hsiang , Jenne Dale
Published: November 2018

A wave energy converter (WEC) system has the potential to convert the wave energy resource directly into the high-pressure flow that is needed by the desalination system to pump saltwater to the reverse-osmosis membrane and provide the required pressure level to generate freshwater. In this study, a wave-to-water numerical model was developed to investigate the potential use of a wave-powered desalination system (WPDS) for water production. The model was developed by coupling a time-domain radiation-and-diffraction method-based numerical tool (WEC-Sim) for predicting the hydrodynamic performance of WECs with a solution-diffusion model that was used to simulate the reverse-osmosis (RO) process. The objective of this research is to evaluate the WPDS dynamics and the overall efficiency of the system. To evaluate the feasibility of the WPDS, the wave-to-water numerical model was applied to simulate a desalination system that used an oscillating surge WEC device to pump seawater through the system. The hydrodynamics WEC-Sim simulation results for the oscillating surge WEC device were validated against existing experimental data. The RO simulation was verified by comparing the results to those from the Dow Chemical Company’s reverse osmosis system analysis (ROSA) model, which has been widely used to design and simulate RO systems. The wave-to-water model was then used to analyze the WPDS under a range of wave conditions and for a two-WECs-coupled RO system to evaluate the influence of pressure and flow rate fluctuation on the WPDS performance. The results show that the instantaneous energy fluctuation from waves has a significant influence on the responding hydraulic pressure and flow rate, as well as the recovery ratio and, ultimately, the water-production quality. Nevertheless, it is possible to reduce the hydraulic fluctuation for different sea states while maintaining a certain level of freshwater production, and a WEC array that produces water can be a viable, near-term solution to the nation’s water supply. A discussion on the dynamic impact of hydraulic fluctuation on the WPDS performance and potential options to reduce the fluctuation and their trade-offs is also presented.
Does Delayed Restoration Improve Shear Bond Strength of Different Restorative Protocols to Calcium Silicate-Based Cements?
Authors: Palma Paulo J. , Marques Joana A. , Falacho Rui I. , Vinagre Alexandra , Santos João Miguel , Ramos João Carlos
Published: November 2018

The purpose of the present study was to assess the proper time to perform a restoration (immediately or delayed) after placement of two calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) and to test the performance of two different restorative protocols regarding shear bond strength (SBS). Seventy-five acrylic blocks were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15). Specimens were filled with either ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental) or Biodentine (Septodont). The restoration was performed at an immediate (12 min) or delayed (seven days) timeframe, using a resin-based flowable composite (SDR) (bonded to the CSC using a universal bonding system) or glass ionomer cement (GIC) as restorative materials. SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Fractured surfaces were evaluated, and the pattern was registered. Statistical analysis was performed using the Dunn–Sidak post hoc test (P < 0.05). Biodentine/immediate SDR showed the highest mean SBS value (4.44 MPa), with statistically significant differences when compared to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)/GIC (1.14 MPa) and MTA/immediate SDR (1.33 MPa). MTA/GIC and MTA/immediate SDR did not present significant differences regarding SBS. No statistical differences were verified concerning mean SBS between both CSCs within the 7 day groups. MTA/delayed SDR (3.86 MPa) presented statistical differences compared to MTA/immediate SDR, whereas no differences were observed regarding Biodentine performance (Biodentine/immediate SDR and Biodentine/delayed SDR (3.09 MPa)). Bonding procedures directly on top of MTA might be preferably performed at a delayed timeframe, whereas Biodentine might allow for immediate restoration.
Preparation and Characterization of Phenolic Foam Modified with Bio-Oil
Authors: Yu Yuxiang , Wang Yufei , Xu Pingping , Chang Jianmin
Published: November 2018

Bio-oil was added as a substitute for phenol for the preparation of a foaming phenolic resin (PR), which aimed to reduce the brittleness and pulverization of phenolic foam (PF). The components of bio-oil, the chemical structure of bio-oil phenolic resin (BPR), and the mechanical performances, and the morphological and thermal properties of bio-oil phenolic foam (BPF) were investigated. The bio-oil contained a number of phenols and abundant substances with long-chain alkanes. The peaks of OH groups, CH2 groups, C=O groups, and aromatic skeletal vibration on the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum became wider and sharper after adding bio-oil. These suggested that the bio-oil could partially replace phenol to prepare resin and had great potential for toughening resin. When the substitute rate of bio-oil to phenol (B/P substitute rate) was between 10% and 20%, the cell sizes of BPFs were smaller and more uniform than those of PF. The compressive strength and flexural strength of BPFs with a 10–20% B/P substitute rate increased by 10.5–47.4% and 25.0–50.5% respectively, and their pulverization ratios decreased by 14.5–38.6% in comparison to PF. All BPFs maintained good flame-retardant properties, thermal stability, and thermal isolation, although the limited oxygen index (LOI) and residual masses by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of BPFs were lower and the thermal conducticity was slightly greater than those of PF. This indicated that the bio-oil could be used as a renewable toughening agent for PF.
A Mechanically-Adaptive Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Intracortical Probe and Package for Chronic Neural Recording
Authors: Hess-Dunning Allison , Tyler Dustin
Published: November 2018

Mechanical, materials, and biological causes of intracortical probe failure have hampered their utility in basic science and clinical applications. By anticipating causes of failure, we can design a system that will prevent the known causes of failure. The neural probe design was centered around a bio-inspired, mechanically-softening polymer nanocomposite. The polymer nanocomposite was functionalized with recording microelectrodes using a microfabrication process designed for chemical and thermal process compatibility. A custom package based upon a ribbon cable, printed circuit board, and a 3D-printed housing was designed to enable connection to external electronics. Probes were implanted into the primary motor cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats for 16 weeks, during which regular recording and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement sessions took place. The implanted mechanically-softening probes had stable electrochemical impedance spectra across the 16 weeks and single units were recorded out to 16 weeks. The demonstration of chronic neural recording with the mechanically-softening probe suggests that probe architecture, custom package, and general design strategy are appropriate for long-term studies in rodents.
Recent Progress on Photoacoustic Imaging Enhanced with Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Technologies
Authors: Lee Changho , Kim Jin , Kim Chulhong
Published: November 2018

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a new biomedical imaging technology currently in the spotlight providing a hybrid contrast mechanism and excellent spatial resolution in the biological tissues. It has been extensively studied for preclinical and clinical applications taking advantage of its ability to provide anatomical and functional information of live bodies noninvasively. Recently, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies, particularly actuators and sensors, have contributed to improving the PAI system performance, further expanding the research fields. This review introduces cutting-edge MEMS technologies for PAI and summarizes the recent advances of scanning mirrors and detectors in MEMS.
Isolation of Chavibetol and Methyleugenol from Essential Oil of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Niculau Edenilson dos Santos , Ribeiro Leandro do Prado , Ansante Thiago Felipe , Fernandes João Batista , Forim Moacir Rossi , Vieira Paulo Cezar , Vendramim José Djair , Da Silva Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes
Published: November 2018

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous isolation, on a semi-preparative scale, of chavibetol and methyleugenol from the crude essential oil of P. pseudocaryophyllus leaves. The purity of the isolated compounds and their quantifications were developed using GC/FID. Chavibetol was isolated with high purity (98.7%) and mass recovery (94.6%). The mass recovery (86.4%) and purity (85.3%) of methyleugenol were lower than those of chavibetol. Both compounds were identified on the basis of spectral analysis. The results suggest that the method can provide chavibetol with high purity, mass recovery, and productivity from crude essential, which will be used in bioassays against stored insect pests.