bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of in vivo biotinylated recombinant antigens SAG1 and SAG2A from Toxoplasma gondii for improved seroepidemiological bead-based multiplex assays
Authors: Klein Sandra , Stern Daniel , Seeber Frank
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND Few bead-based multiplex assays have been described that detect antibodies against the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in large-scale seroepidemiological surveys. Moreover, each multiplex assay has specific variations or limitations, such as the use of truncated or fusion proteins as antigens, potentially masking important epitopes. Consequently, such an assay must be developed by interested groups as none are commercially available.RESULTS We report the bacterial expression and use of N-terminal fusion-free, soluble, in vivo biotinylated recombinant surface antigens SAG1 and SAG2A for the detection of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. The expression system relies on three compatible plasmids. An expression construct produces a fusion of maltose-binding protein with SAG1 (or SAG2A), separated by a TEV protease cleavage site, followed by a peptide sequence recognized by E. coli biotin ligase BirA (AviTag), and a terminal six histidine tag for affinity purification. TEV protease and BirA are encoded on a second plasmid, and their expression leads to proteolytic cleavage of the fusion protein and a single biotinylated lysine within the AviTag by BirA. Correct folding of the parasite proteins is dependent on proper disulfide bonding, which is facilitated by a sulfhydryl oxidase and a protein disulfide isomerase, encoded on the third plasmid. The C-terminal biotinylation allowed the oriented, reproducible coupling of the purified surface antigens to magnetic Luminex beads, requiring only minute amounts of protein per determination. We showed that an N-terminal fusion partner such as maltose-binding protein negatively influenced antibody binding, confirming that access to SAG1’s N-terminal epitopes is important for antibody recognition. We validated our bead-based multiplex assay with human sera previously tested with commercial diagnostic assays and found concordance of 98-100% regarding both, sensitivity and specificity, even when only biotinylated SAG1 was used as antigen. CONCLUSIONS Our recombinant in vivo-biotinylated T. gondii antigens offer distinct advantages compared to previously described proteins used in multiplex serological assays for T. gondii. They offer a cheap, specific and sensitive alternative to either parasite lysates or eukaryotic-cell expressed SAG1/SAG2A for BBMA and other formats. The described general expression strategy can also be used for other antigens where oriented immobilization is key for sensitive recognition by antibodies.
Genetic risk-factors for anxiety in healthy individuals: polymorphisms in genes important for the HPA axis
Authors: Lindholm Heléne , Morrison India , Krettek Alexandra , Malm Dan , Novembre Giovanni , Handlin Linda
Published: August 2020

Background: Two important aspects for the development of anxiety disorders are genetic predisposition and alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In order to identify genetic risk-factors for anxiety, the aim of this exploratory study was to investigate possible relationships between genetic polymorphisms in genes important for the regulation and activity of the HPA axis and self-assessed anxiety in healthy individuals.Methods: DNA from 72 healthy participants, 37 women and 35 men, were included in the analyses. Their DNA was extracted and analysed for the following Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP)s: rs41423247 in the NR3C1 gene, rs1360780 in the FKBP5 gene, rs53576 in the OXTR gene, 5-HTTLPR in SLC6A4 gene and rs6295 in the HTR1A gene. Self-assessed anxiety was measured by the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire.Results: Self-assessed measure of both STAI-S and STAI-T were significantly higher in female than in male participants (p=0.030 and p=0.036, respectively). For SNP rs41423247 in the gene NR3C1, there was a significant difference in females in the score for STAI-S, where carriers of the G allele had higher scores compared to the females that were homozygous for the C allele (p<0.01). For the SNP rs53576 in the gene OXTR, there was a significant difference in males, where carriers of the A allele had higher scores in STAI-T compared to the males that were homozygous for the G allele (p<0.01). Conclusion: This study shows that SNP rs41423247 in the NR3C1gene and SNP rs53576 in the OXTR gene are associated with self-assessed anxiety in healthy individuals in a gender-specific manner. This suggests that these SNP candidates are possible genetic risk-factors for anxiety.
Urban heat resilience at the time of global warming: evaluating the impact of the urban parks on outdoor thermal comfort
Authors: Aram Farshid , Solgi Ebrahim , García Ester Higueras , Mosavi Amir
Published: August 2020

Background: In densely populated urban centers, increased air temperature due to urban heat island (UHI) effect can undermine the thermal comfort and health of citizens. Research has shown that large urban parks can mitigate the effect of UHIs and improve thermal comfort, especially in the warmer months of the year when temperature changes are more noticeable. This study investigated the cooling effect intensity (CEI) of the Retiro Park in the center of Madrid at three different distances from its southern edge and the impact of this cooling effect on thermal comfort from physiological and psychological perspectives. This investigation was performed by measuring microclimate data and conducting a survey simultaneously during the summer days. Results: The results showed that the CEI of the park varies with distance from its edge. Because of this effect, air temperature within the 130m and 280m distance of the park was respectively 1.6°C and 0.9°C lower than the temperature at the 520m distance (the nearest heat island). After examining the effect of the park in terms of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), it was found that the PET at the 130m and 280m distance of the park was 9.3% and 5.4% less than the PET in the heat island domain. More than 81% of the respondents (in all three areas) had a mental image of the park as the place where they would experience the highest level of outdoor thermal comfort, and this rate was higher in the areas closer to the park. The analysis of citizens’ responses about perceived thermal comfort (PTC) showed that citizens in areas with higher CEI had perceived a higher degree of thermal comfort from the psychological perspective.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the significant role of large urban parks located in the core of the populated cities in providing thermal comfort for citizens from both physiological and psychological perspectives. Additionally, the results of this study demonstrated that among the environmental (natural and artificial) factors around the park (topography, urban structure, etc.), the aspect ratio has the greatest impact on thermal comfort.
T-cell lymphoma with a granulomatous lesion of the lungs after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Epstein–Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a unique rare case of metachronous B-cell and T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kajimoto Yusuke , Terasaki Yasuhiro , Terasaki Mika , Kunugi Shinobu , Okabe Yugo , Wakita Satoshi , Inokuchi Koiti , Shimizu Akira
Published: August 2020

Background: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies, most notably lymphomas. Especially in the background of immunodeficiency, such as primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), the role of EBV might be crucial. PIDs are rare heterogeneous diseases affecting the development and/or the function of the innate and adaptive immune system. Malignancy is the second-highest cause of death after infection, and lymphoma accounts for about half of malignancies. The most frequently reported lymphoma type is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the incidence of T-cell lymphoma is rare. PTLDs are also rare serious lymphoid and/or plasmacytic proliferation disorders that occur after undergoing solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In the context of HSCT, most reported PTLDs have occurred in patients who received allogenic HSCT, but only a few cases have been reported in autologous HSCT (AutoHSCT) recipients.Case presentation: A 53-year-old female patient initially presented with enlargement of the left cervical lymph nodes and was diagnosed with EBV-positive DLBCL. She was treated with R-CHOP, R-ACES, and AutoHSCT and went into remission. Four years later, computed tomography results revealed multiple lung nodules and abnormal infiltration, and sustained and progressing hypogammaglobulinemia was observed. The pathological specimen of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical lung biopsy demonstrated extensive invasion of lymphocytes with notable granuloma findings. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping analysis showed that lymphocytes were positive for CD3 and CD5; especially, CD3 was expressed in the cytoplasm. Southern blot analysis revealed rearrangements of the T-cell receptor Cb1 gene. She was diagnosed with peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, accompanied by notable granulomatous lesions.Conclusion: Here, as a unique case of metachronous B-cell and T-cell lymphoma, we report a rare case of T-cell lymphoma that mainly affected the lungs with the presentation of notable granulomatous findings following AutoHSCT for EBV-positive DLBCL at the age of 53 years. These lung lesions of granulomatous T-cell lymphoma could be related to the underlying primary immunodeficiency background associated with sustained hypogammaglobulinemia.
Epigenetic Immunomodulatory effect of Eugenol and Astaxanthin on Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity in Hormonal Positive Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Fouad Mariam A. , Sayed-Ahmed Mohamed M. , Huwait Etimad A. , Hafez Hafez F. , Osman Abdel-Moneim
Published: August 2020

Background: Hormonal receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed molecular subtype of breast cancer; which showed good response to doxorubicin (DOX)-based chemotherapy. Eugenol (EUG) and astaxanthin (AST) are natural compounds with proved epigenetic and immunomodulatory effects in several cancer cell lines. This study has been initiated to improve the cytotoxic activity and reduce resistance of DOX through combination with EUG and AST in MCF7 cells.Methods: Cytotoxic activity of DOX alone and combined with either 1mM EUG or 40µM AST was performed using sulphorhodamine-B assay in MCF7 cells. Global histones acetylation and some immunological markers were investigated using ELISA, western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR techniques. Functional assay of multidrug resistance was performed using rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 3342 dyes. Flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide were used to assess the change in cell cycle and apoptosis along with the expression of some differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy proteins. Results: DOX alone resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity with IC50 of 0.5 μM. Both EUG and AST significantly increased DOX cytotoxicity which is manifested as a significant decrease in DOX IC50 from 0.5 μM to 0.088 μM with EUG and to 0.06 μM with AST. Combinations of DOX with 1mM EUG or 40 µM AST significantly increased the level of histones acetylation and histone acetyl transferase expression, while reduced the expression of aromatase and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) when compared with 0.25 µM DOX alone. Also both combinations showed higher uptake of rhodamine but lower of Hoechst stains, along with increased the percentage of caspase 3, and decreased the expression of CK7 and LC3BI/II ratio. EUG combination induced IFγ but reduced TNFα causing shifting of cells from G2/M to S and G0/ G1 phases. Combination of DOX with EUG induced apoptosis through the higher BAX/ BCl2 ratio, while with AST was through the increase in caspase 8 expressions. Conclusion: EUG and AST potentiated the anticancer activity of DOX through epigenetic histones acetylation along with the immunonomodulation of different apoptotic approaches in MCF7 cells.
Effectiveness of a mobile phone application to increase access to sexual and reproductive health information, goods, and services among university students in Uganda: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nuwamanya Elly , Nalwanga Robinah , Nuwasiima Afra , Babigumira Janet U. , Asiimwe Francis T. , Babigumira Joseph B. , Ngambouk Vitalis P.
Published: August 2020

Background: University students are one of the most vulnerable groups to sexual reproductive health [SRH] threats like sexually transmitted infections [STIs], unwanted pregnancies, and unsafe abortions and often have limited access to SRH information, goods, and services. This study assessed the effectiveness of using a mobile phone application (APP) to increase access to SRH information, goods, and services among university students in Uganda.Methods: Using data from a double-blinded randomized controlled trial, participants were randomly assigned to both the intervention (APP) and control (standard of care) arms. We executed descriptive analyses for baseline demographic characteristics by intervention, difference in difference (DID), and quantile regression analyses for both primary and secondary outcomes.Results: The median age of participants was 21 years of age, and the majority were female (over 60%), unemployed (over 85%) and Christian (90%). Over 50% were resident in off-campus hostels and in a relationship. Between baseline and end-line, there was a significant increase in SRH knowledge score (DID=2, P<0.001), contraceptive use (DID=6.6%, P<0.001), HIV Voluntary testing and counselling (DID=17.2%, P<0.001), STI diagnosis and treatment (DID=12.9%, P<0.001), and condom use at last sex (DID=4%,P=0.02) among students who used the APP. There was a significant 0.98 unit increase in knowledge score (adjusted coefficient= 0.98, P<0.001), a significant 1.6-fold increase in odds of contraceptive use (adjusted coefficient= 1.6, P=0.04), a significant 3.5-fold increase in HIV VCT (adjusted coefficient=3.5, P<0.001), and a significant 2-fold increase in odds of STI testing and treatment (adjusted coefficient =1.9, P<0.001) after adjusting for demographic characteristics among APP users.Conclusion: A mobile phone application increased sexual and reproductive health information (knowledge score), access to goods (contraceptives), and services (HIV voluntary testing and counseling and sexually transmitted infection diagnosis and management) among sexually active university students in Uganda. Further technical development, including the refinement of youth-friendly attributes, as well as further research into potential economic impact and paths to sustainability, is needed before the app is deployed to the general youth population in Uganda and other low-income settings.Trial registration: MUREC1/7 No. 07/05–18. Registered on June 29, 2018.
Predicting Risk of Chronic Hypertension in Women with Preeclampsia Based on Placenta Histology. A Prospective Cohort Study in Cuba.
Authors: Byonanuwe Simon , Fajardo Yarine , Nápoles Danilo , Alvarez Alexis , Cèspedes Yaimi , Ssebuufu Robinson
Published: August 2020

Background: Chronic hypertension is one of the major sequelae of preeclampsia with associated long term morbidity and mortality among previously normotensive women diagnosed with preeclampsia. We identified the predictors of developing this complication in women with preeclampsia admitted at the Carlos Manuel de Cèspedes Teaching Hospital in Cuba based on histological assessment of their placenta so as to guide the health care providers in early identification of the patients at risk for timely intervention against this vicious condition. Methods: A three-year prospective cohort study was conducted between March 2017 and March 2020. A cohort of 178 women diagnosed with preeclampsia was recruited and followed up at 12 weeks postpartum for chronic hypertension. Histological studies were done on their placenta following delivery and the respective result forms used to collect the data. Cox’s hazards regression model was applied to estimate the risk using STATA version 14.2.Results: Chorioamnionitis (HR=1.697, 95%CI: 1.443-3.416, p=0.038), villositary infarcts (HR=1.657, 95%CI: 1.264-2.848, p=0.048), intervillositary thrombus (HR=1.529, 95%CI: 1.231-3.197, p=0.020), and endarteritis (HR=1.242, 95%CI: 1.115-1.804, p=0.025) placental lesions were predictive of chronic hypertension at 12 weeks postpartum.Conclusion: Placental histology in women with preeclampsia is key towards improving the ability to diagnose and monitor those likely to develop chronic hypertension before its onset for timely intervention.
Adalimumab and Anti-adalimumab Lisa-tracker Immunoassays Performance Criteria for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Adalimumab-amgen Biosimilar (Abp501)
Authors: FRANCOIS Fabien , NAIMI Loubna , ROBLIN Xavier , Berger Anne-Emmanuelle , Paul Stephane
Published: August 2020

Background.
ABP501 is a biosimilar to Reference Adalimumab (HUMIRA®) produced by AMGEN. Adalimumab (ADA) has marketing authorization for Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and other inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the LISA-TRACKER assays developed by Theradiag (France), for the monitoring of ABP501 and anti-ABP501 antibodies in human serum.
Methods.
Accuracy of the LISA-TRACKER was measured using 3 human serum matrices spiked with known levels of biosimilar, 3 levels spanning the dynamic range. Specificity was tested with Biosimilar spiked samples, Biosimilar with Humira® spiked samples, and clinical samples from patients treated with adalimumab biosimilar. All of these samples were spiked with polyclonal antibodies directed against Humira®. Intra-run, inter-run imprecision, inhibition, kit’s stability, specificity inhibition and specificity detection steps were also part of the LISA-TRACKER Duo Adalimumab assay validation parameters.
Results.
68 ABP501 clinical samples were measured with the LISA TRACKER Duo Adalimumab assay. LISA TRACKER has been validated as suitable for quantification of ABP501 in human serum samples. Concerning accuracy, percentages of recovery were ranged from 90–120% for biosimilar batch1, and between 93% and 105% for biosimilar batch2. The acceptance criteria (CV < 20%) were met for intra-run (from 3.8–16.5%) and inter-run imprecision (from 4.4–13.9%) including the two batches. All results were comprised within +/-20% from results, obtained with the kit and sample unexposed in order to evaluate stability of the sample, stability of the kit and consistency of the results. In any case but two, all percentages of inhibition were > 50% for specificity. Reagents made with ABP501 gave similar results than reagents made with Humira® meeting acceptance criteria.
Conclusions.
LISA-TRACKER ADA and anti-ADA assays are reliable for the monitoring of patients treated with ABP501.
Face Masks Use in the Public Domain and its Determinants During the SARS-Cov-2 Epidemic in Poland; a Non-Participatory Covert Observational Study
Authors: Ganczak Maria , Pasek Oskar , Duda-Duma Łukasz , Świstara Dawid , Korzeń Marcin
Published: August 2020

Background: Face masks play an important role in protection from acquiring SARS-Cov-2, however, if used incorrectly they may increase transmission risk. Many countries, including Poland, currently recommend the use of masks in their pandemic control plans. The study objective was to assess the practices of the public in the case of face masks/N95 respirators utilization during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic in Poland and to evaluate factors influencing their use.Methods: This non-participatory covert observational study was conducted on 3 separate occasions, (10.05/18.05/25.05.2020). At each point, 82 medical students observed 10 consecutive individuals (2460 total) appearing in the public space in 13 Polish regions which differed regarding SARS-Cov-2 pandemic risk. A structured observation checklist served as a survey tool.Results: A total of 2353 observations were included; the female/male ratio was similar (1.02-1.13-1.03 respectively) at the 3 occasions, as well as the age distribution, with those aged 21-60 years predominant (70.8%-71.9%-70.2% respectively). Most of participants (73.6%; 552/750) were using facial masks at the first time point, which decreased in the 2nd and 3rd week (544/818; 66.5% and 516/785; 65.7% respectively). A predominance of cloth masks was observed at all time points (64.7%-62.3%-62.6% respectively) followed by medical masks (23.4%-28.5%-26.9% respectively). Female gender (OR=1.75-1.47-1.53 respectively), age >40 years (OR=1.46-1.48 respectively), a closed space (OR=2.56-2.63-2.36 respectively) were each associated with higher mask usage. Those playing sports were about two times less likely to use facial masks (OR=0.64-0.54-0.54 respectively) than when compared to other activities. The percentage of those using masks correctly decreased gradually over time (364/552; 65.9%; 339/544; 62.3% and 304/516; 58.9% respectively); more females wore masks correctly (p<0.05). Breaches in nose covering (47.3%-52.7%) and hanging masks around the neck (39.2%-42.6%) were the most common incorrect practices while wearing a mask. Conclusions: Cloth masks were predominantly used in the public space. Practices regarding the facial masks usage were found to be inadequate, especially among young males, and tended to decrease over time. Awareness campaigns regarding the need of the proper use of face masks by utilizing all communication channels available would be helpful during this pandemic to increase compliance.
Women's appraisal, interpretation and help-seeking for possible symptoms of breast and cervical cancer in South Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Harries Jane , Scott Suzanne E , Walter Fiona M , Mwaka Amos D , Moodley Jennifer
Published: August 2020

Background:
In South Africa, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and cervical cancer the leading cause of cancer mortality. Most cancers are diagnosed at a late-stage and following symptomatic presentation. This qualitative study set out to explore appraisal, attribution and management of potential breast and cervical cancer symptoms at a community level among undiagnosed women.
Methods:
In-depth interviews were conducted with women with potential breast or cervical cancer symptoms from urban and rural South Africa. Participants were recruited from a community-based cross-sectional study on breast and cervical cancer awareness. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.
Results:
Eighteen women were interviewed (10 urban, 8 rural): the median age was 34.5 years (range 22–58). Most were unemployed, and five were HIV positive. Themes included impact and attribution of bodily changes; influence of social networks and health messaging in help-seeking; management of symptoms and help-seeking barriers. Breast changes were often attributed to manual activities or possible cancer. Women were often unsure how to interpret vaginal symptoms, attributing them to HIV, hormonal contraceptives, or partner infidelity. Concerns about cancer were based on health information from the radio, social networks, or from primary care providers. Prompt care seeking was triggered by impact of symptoms on personal lives. Rural women, especially with possible symptoms of cervical cancer, experienced challenges during help-seeking including judgmental attitudes of clinic staff. Most participants were skeptical of traditional medicine.
Conclusions:
This is the first study exploring interpretation of possible breast and cervical cancer symptoms at a community level in South Africa. The process of interpreting bodily changes, symptom attribution and help-seeking is complex and influenced by women’s everyday life experiences. Timely diagnosis interventions should not only include cancer symptom awareness but also address individual, structural and health systems related barriers to care.
Examining the sensitivity of the surveillance system to detect TB cases in Afghanistan
Authors: Hamdard Naqibullah , Atarud Alim , Seddiq Khalid , Hanif Anwar
Published: August 2020

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health threat. World Health Organization (WHO) End TB strategy recommends that effective TB control relies on general health systems, especially, on integrated and well-functioning PHC facilities. Despite, integration in Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS), evidence demonstrates that a large number of TB cases are not captured. 25000 TB cases are missed every year (Aloudal, 2015). 49% of individuals, recorded at health facilities as presumptive to have TB have not been screened (HMIS, 2016). This study intended to evaluate different dimensions of TB surveillance system and the Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities' role in TB active case finding. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study. The study was implemented in eleven provinces of Afghanistan in from August to November 2016. The geographic and demographic representativeness determined the choice of provinces. All primary health care facilities in studied provinces equated to 870, therefore, considering a 95 % confidence interval, a sample size of 161 facilities established the sample frame. A stratified sampling strategy facilitated the selection of sampled facilities within different categories from an inclusive list of all facilities.ResultsThe study found that the overall sensitivity of TB surveillance systems in-country is 56.30 %. This means that 43.70 % of 171 TB cases had remained undetected. 43.81 % of studies facilities used at least one accepted active case finding strategy while 56.20 % implemented none. In studied areas, 83.33 % of 11 studied DHs and 69.57 % of 35 studied CHCs had a referral system for MDR-TB patients.ConclusionTo enhance sensitivity and boost case findings, it is essential to implement case-finding strategies targeted at high-risk groups in specific areas. The high-risk groups include IDPs, returnees, slum residents, prisoners, and addicts. Additionally, it is necessary to train private pharmacists and traditional healers to identify and refer individuals with TB symptoms for follow up and further evaluation at the PHC level.
Comparison of Pregnancy Outcomes in Young Patients Following Fresh Versus Frozen Single Blastocyst Transfer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Yanhong , Liu Chang , Sheng Chaochao , Xi Haitao , Fu Yanghua , Zhao Junzhao
Published: August 2020

Background：Previous studies have shown that in young women, single blastocyst transfer can achieve satisfactory pregnancy results, but there are few studies on the difference between fresh and frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer. In this retrospective analysis, the purpose of this study was to compare the pregnancy outcomes of young patients who received fresh or frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer, so as to provide further clinical strategies for single blastocyst transfer.Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients aged ≤35 years old undergoing single blastocyst transfer was performed from January 2018 to December 2018 in the reproductive center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. A total of 901 patients were involved and were divided into two groups according to the type of transfer cycle, 693 of which were in the fresh embryo transfer cycle (group A) and 208 of which were in the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle (group B). The laboratory and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the groups. Results：The number of oocytes retrieved in group B was significantly more than in group A ( P＜0.05). The early miscarriage rate in group B was higher than in group A, with significant difference(P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in other basic conditions and obstetric pregnancy outcomes between the two groups.Conclusions：Favorable pregnancy outcomes could be obtained in both fresh and frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer in young patients without increasing the birth defect rate. For patients with risk factors of OHSS such as more oocyte retrieval, ovarian hyper-response, or risk factors of ectopic pregnancy such tubal infertility and the history of ectopic pregnancy, frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer could be highly recommended in clinical practice. However, since the early miscarriage rate is higher in frozen-thawed embryo transfer group, further research is needed to figure out the cause and possible solutions.
Women’s reasons for declining cardiovascular screening – a qualitative study
Authors: Dahl Marie , Andersen Anne Bendix , Heggen Kristin Margrete , Soendergaard Susanne Friis
Published: August 2020

Background

During 2011–2013, women from a municipality in Denmark who were born in 1936, 1941, 1946 or 1951 were invited to cardiovascular screening (n = 1984); of those, ten nonattendees were interviewed about their perspectives on cardiovascular screening. The interviews were re-analysed to gain a deeper understanding of their motives for viewing screening as personally irrelevant. A salutogenic perspective formed the premise for the data analysis.
Methods

A secondary analysis applying a deductive content analysis inspired by Elo and Kyngäs. The core components of Sense of Coherence were used as a theoretical framework.
Results

We found that nonattendance was rooted in the women’s social role as caregiver and their individual inner logics. Being a caregiver provided the women with a feeling of Sense of Coherence in their daily lives. The inner logics reflected a line of reasoning without critical reflections and the women acted upon these when declining screening. Inner logics were used as a strategy to uphold their social role and identity.
Conclusion

The women had a salutogenic orientation to life and they found screening meaningless. Inner logics, caring role and personal desire to maintain control of one’s life interact with individuals’ experiences of Sense of Coherence, and thus their identities. If women are expected to attend screening, it must be emotionally and cognitively meaningful for them. This could be facilitated by using a salutogenic approach in the screening invitation.
Multi-trait GWAS using high-density genotypes identifies genes associated with body traits in Nile tilapia
Authors: Yoshida Grazyella , Yáñez José Manuel
Published: August 2020

Background: Body traits are generally controlled by several genes in vertebrates (i.e. polygenes), which in turn make them difficult to identify through association mapping. Increasing the power of association studies by combining approaches such as genotype imputation and multi-trait analysis improves the ability to detect quantitative trait loci associated with polygenic traits, such as body traits. Results: A multi-trait genome-wide association study (mtGWAS) was performed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes associated with body traits in Nile tilapia (Oreochromos niloticus) using genotypes imputed to whole-genome sequence (WGS). To increase the statistical power of mtGWAS for the detection of genetic associations, summary statistics from single-trait genome-wide association studies (stGWAS) for eight different body traits recorded in 1,309 animals were used. The mtGWAS increased the statistical power from the original sample size from 13% to 44%, depending on the trait analyzed. The better resolution of the WGS data combined with the increased power of the mtGWAS approach, allowed the detection of significant markers not previously found in the stGWAS. Some lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found within important functional candidate genes previously associated with growth-related traits. For instance, we identified SNP within the α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8), solute carrier family 4 member 2 (SLC4A2), A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 9 (ADAMTS9) and heart development protein with EGF like domains 1 (HEG1) genes, which have been associated with average daily gain in sheep, osteopetrosis in cattle, chest size in goats, and growth and meat quality in sheep, respectively. Conclusions: The high-resolution mtGWAS presented, allowed identification of significant SNPs, linked to strong functional candidate genes, associated with body traits in Nile tilapia. These results provide further insights about the genetic variants and genes underlying body trait variation in cichlid fish with high accuracy and strong statistical support.
The embryonic stem cell microenvironment inhibits mouse glioma cell proliferation by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: He xiongjun , liu jiahui , wang xiaoran , liu tengfei , yang liu , li chaoyang , wang chenjie , liu ying , sang xuan , wang zhichong , lu xiaohe
Published: August 2020

PURPOSETo study the effect of the embryonic stem cell (ESc) microenvironment in inhibiting mouse glioma cells and its possible mechanism. METHODSGlioblastoma cell line U118 in the brain, was investigated in this study. There were four experimental groups: U118 glioma cells cultured alone as the control group (GB group), U118 cell and ESc co-cultured group(GE group), U118 cell and ESc co-cultured and adding phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) agonist group (GA group), U118 and temozolomide as the positive control group (GT group); U118 cells were harvested after 72 hours of culture. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and vasculogenic mimicry assays, quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR), and western blot (WB) were study, the biological function of U118 glioma cells and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were compared the differences between the groups. RESULTSCompared with the GB control group, the GE co-culture group and GT chemotherapy group showed reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, increased ROS, decreased or disappearance of vasculogenic mimicry. Expression of cyclin B and D, significantly reduced, while that of BAX, BCL-2, P53, Caspase3, Gsk-3B, P21, and P27, significantly increased. The expression of PI3K, PDK, AKT, and mTOR, significantly decreased while that of PTEN significantly increased. The expression of positive regulatory factors significantly increased but negative regulatory factors decreased in GA group compared to the GE group. CONCLUSIONThe ESC microenvironment reverse glioma malignancy, partially via inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway. Our study may have a significant impact and clinical implication on cell therapy in glioma.
Supervised machine learning models and protein-protein interaction network analysis of gene expression profiles induced by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Shityakov Sergey , Chang Jane Pei-Chen , Sun Ching-Fang , Guu David Ta-Wei , Dandekar Thomas , Su Kuan-Pin
Published: August 2020

BackgroundOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids have beneficial effects on human health but their effect on gene expression in elderly individuals (age ≥ 65) is largely unknown. To examine this, the gene expression profiles were analyzed in the healthy subjects (n = 96) at baseline and after 26 weeks of supplementation with EPA+DHA to determine up-regulated and down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) triggered by PUFAs. The protein-protein interaction networks were constructed by mapping these DEGs to a human interactome and linking them to the specific pathways.ResultsThe results revealed that up-regulated DEGs were associated with neurotrophin/MAPK signaling, whereas the down-regulated DEGs were linked to the cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and long-term depression pathways. Additionally, machine learning (ML) approaches were able to cluster the EPA/DHA-treated and control groups by the logistic regression algorithm performing the best. ConclusionOverall, this study highlights the pivotal changes in DEGs induced by PUFAs and provides the rationale for the implementation of ML algorithms as predictive models for this type of biomedical data.
Revealing the intrinsic superconducting gap anisotropy in surface-neutralized BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2
Authors: Xin Ziming , Wang Yudi , Cai Cong , Wang Zhengguo , Chen Lei , Han Tingting , Zhang Yan
Published: August 2020

Alkaline-earth iron arsenide (122) is one of the most studied families of iron-based superconductors, especially for angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Extensive results have been obtained including band structure, gap anisotropy, etc. However, the complicacy of 122 caused by its charge-non-neutral cleavage surface is rarely considered. Here, we show that the surface of 122 can be neutralized by potassium deposition. In potassium-coated BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2, the surface-induced spectral broadening is strongly suppressed, while the coherent spectra that reflects the intrinsic bulk electronic state recovers. This raises the accuracy of the gap measurement and gap fitting to an unpreceded level. The results clearly distinguish two pairing channels originated respectively from the inner and outer Fermi pockets. While the gap anisotropy on the outer hole/electron pockets can be well fitted using an s± gap function, the gap magnitude on the inner hole/electron pockets show a clear deviation. Our results provide quantitative constraints for refining theoretical models and demonstrate an experimental method for revealing the intrinsic electronic properties of 122 in future studies.
Using Machine Learning to Unveil Demographic and Clinical Features of COVID-19 Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients
Authors: Youha Sarah Al , Alkhamis Mohammad , Mazeedi Sulaiman Al , Al-Haddad Mohannad , Jamal Mohammad H. , Al-Sabah Salman K.
Published: August 2020

Background: Demographic and clinical features of COVID-19 patients are critical components in shaping their symptomatic status. However, the relationship between patients' symptomatic status and their features are typically complicated and nonlinear.Methods: We explored important features that drive the symptomatic status of COVID-19 patients and reveal their interactions with other relevant factors. We used an extensive multi-algorithm machine learning (ML) pipeline and 68 demographic and clinical features to fit a predictive model to 3,995 patients in the State of Kuwait between February and June 2020. Our ML pipeline comprised five algorithms, including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting (GBM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGM).Results: SVM outperformed all algorithms (AUC = 0.77 and accuracy = 70.01%), while logistic regression had the lowest predictive power (AUC = 0.65 and accuracy = 66.14%). Our ML model identified C-reactive, respiratory rate, transmission dynamics, and other demographics as the most important predictors of COVID-19 symptomatic patients. While, only demographic features were important predictors for asymptomatic patients. However, our ML model further revealed that the non-linear relationships between impaired renal function, other clinical biomarkers and demographic features were critical in shaping the risk of being symptomatic patient. Conclusions: We demonstrated remarkable predictive performance of our ML model over traditional statistical methods in identifying important clinical and demographic features of symptomatic vs. asymptomatic. Further application of our ML pipeline in the COVID-19 case definition and guiding pharmaceutical and none-pharmaceutical interventions will help reduce the public health and economic implications of this devastating virus on local and global scales.
CircRNA Expression in Chicken Granulosa Cells Illuminated with Red Light
Authors: Wang Ying , Guo Zhenyu , Zi Chen , Wu Pengfei , Lv Xiaoyang , Chen Lan , Chen Fuxiang , Zhang Genxi , Wang Jinyu
Published: August 2020

Background Our previous work revealed that red light (RL) can improve egg production by Jinghai Yellow hens. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel non-coding RNAs, but the molecular mechanism underpinning their functions during follicular development of hens under monochromatic light remains unknown. Results We compared expression profiles of granulosa cells (GCs) of small yellow follicles (SYFs) from hens under RL and white light (WL). A total of 2,468 circRNAs were identified, of which 22 were differentially expressed (DE) between RL and WL groups. Host genes of DE circRNAs were enriched in ovarian steroidogenesis, and MAPK signalling and PI3K-Akt signalling pathways. Furthermore, DE circRNA_0320 and circRNA_0185 interact with miR-143-3p targeting FSHR, which is essential for GC differentiation and follicle development. Conclusions These findings will facilitate further analysis of the molecular mechanism of circRNAs in GCs of SYFs, and expand our understanding of follicle development, which could lead to increased egg production.
Impact of Simulation-Based Teamwork Training on COVID-19 Distress in Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Beneria Anna , Arnedo Mireia , Contreras Sofia , Pérez-Carrasco Marcos , Garcia-Ruiz Itziar , Rodríguez-Carballeira Mónica , Raduà Joaquim , Rius Jordi Bañeras
Published: August 2020

ContextNon-technical skills such as leadership, communication or situation awareness should lead to effective teamwork in a crisis situation. The aim of the study was to analyse the role of these skills on the emotional response of health professionals to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsBefore COVID-19 outbreak, 48 doctors and 48 nurses participated in a simulation-based teamwork training program based on teaching non-technical skills through simulation. In May 2020, this group of professionals from a COVID-19 referral hospital were invited to participate in a survey exploring stress, anxiety, and depression, using PSS-14 (Perceived Stress Scale) and HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) measures. A control group that did not receive the training was included. We conducted a logistic regression to assess whether having attended simulation-based teamwork training program modified the probability of presenting psychological distress (PSS-14>18 or HADS>12).ResultsA total of 141 healthcare professionals were included, 77 in the intervention group and 64 in the control group. Based on the PSS-14, 70.1% of the intervention group and 75% of the control group (p=0.342) had symptoms of stress. Having contact with COVID-19 patients [OR 4.16(1.64–10.52)]; having minors in charge [OR 2.75 (1.15–6.53)]; working as doctor [0.39(0.16 – 0.95)]; and being woman [OR 2.94(1.09–7.91)] were related with PSS14 symptoms. Based on the HADS, 54.6% of the intervention group and 42.2% of control group (p=0.346) had symptoms of anxiety or depression. Having contact with COVID-19 patients [OR 2.17(1.05 – 4.48)] and having minors in charge [OR 2.14(1.06 – 4.32)] were related with HADS symptoms. Healthcare professionals who attended COVID-19 patients showed higher levels of anxiety and depression [OR 2.56(1.03 – 6.36) (p=0.043)].ConclusionHealthcare professionals trained in non-technical skills through simulation had a tendency towards higher levels of anxiety and depression and less levels of stress, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Diagnostic Yield, Safety and Impact of Transbronchial Lung Biopsy in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ghiani Alessandro , Neurohr Claus
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPulmonary infiltrates of variable etiology are one of the main reasons for hypoxemic respiratory failure leading to invasive mechanical ventilation. If pulmonary infiltrates remain unexplained or progress despite treatment, the histopathological result of a lung biopsy could have significant impact on change in therapy. Surgical lung biopsy is the commonly used technique, but due to its considerable morbidity and mortality, less invasive bronchoscopic transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) may be a valuable alternative.MethodsRetrospective, monocentric, observational study in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients, subjected to TBLB due to unexplained pulmonary infiltrates in the period January 2014 to July 2019. Patients` medical records were reviewed to obtain data on baseline clinical characteristics, modality and adverse events (AE) of the TBLB, and impact of the histopathological results on change in therapy. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of AE and hospital mortality, and survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsForty-two patients with in total 42 TBLB procedures after a median of 12 days of mechanical ventilation were analyzed, of which 16.7% were immunosuppressed, but there was no patient with prior lung transplantation. Diagnostic yield of the TBLB was 88.1%, with AE occurring in 11.9% (most common pneumothorax and minor bleeding). 92.9% of the procedures were performed as a forceps biopsy, with organizing pneumonia (OP) being the most common histological diagnosis (54.8%). Variables independently associated with hospital mortality were age (odds ratio 1.070, 95%CI 1.006–1.138; p = 0.031) and the presence of OP (0.182, [0.036–0.926]; p = 0.040), the latter being confirmed in the survival analysis (log-rank p = 0.040). In contrast, a change in therapy based on histopathology alone occurred in only 40.5%, and there was no evidence of a survival benefit in those patients.ConclusionsTransbronchial lung biopsy remains a valuable alternative to surgical lung biopsy in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. However, the high diagnostic yield must be weighed against potential adverse events and limited consequence of the histological result regarding treatment decisions in such patients.
A Water Quality Index Approach in Estimating Water Quality of Shallow Wells Situated Near Pollution Sources in a Community
Authors: Elemile Olugbenga , Ibitogbe Enoch , Folorunso Olatunji , Ejigboye Praise , Adewumi Rotimi
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Most developing countries rely on water sources that are usually not protected making them unsafe for drinking. These sources require regular assessment to evaluate their quality and ensure they meet standards before use. This research therefore assessed the physio-chemical and microbiological properties of selected shallow wells situated near pollution sources in Omu-Aran with an inclusive water quality index (WQI) framework.
METHODS

Fifty groundwater samples were collected from five various locations namely: Aperan, Egbe garage, Latinwo, Mode and Igangu. Standard methods were used to determine the constituents of the water while descriptive statistics and two sample t test were used to analyze the data.
RESULT

The mean values for turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, chloride and fluoride all fall within the nigerian Standard Drinking Water Quality guideline values while pH, nitrite, dissolved oxygen and T. coliform exceed the standard limit. Coliform and nitrite contamination are often linked with sewage pollution arising from anthropogenic sources. The parameters of water in Omu-Aran were generally higher during the rainy season than the dry season. However, there was no significant difference for these parameters across periods except for pH, Total hardness and fluoride. WQI classified water samples as Excellent, Good, Poor and Unsuitable for drinking.
CONCLUSION

Users should be encouraged to carry out disinfection and ensure their water sources are protected and not left exposed. The WQI makes it easy for policy makers to evaluate contamination and make decisions based on recommendation