bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Papel da glicemia capilar no controle do Diabetes mellitus do tipo 2
Authors: Santos Suelma Silva , Nascimento Wellington Rodrigues , Morais Yolanda de Jesus
Published: October 2021

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma patologia caracterizada por um descontrole e distúrbio do metabolismo intermediário, especialmente no que se refere à absorção e atividade dos carboidratos. Representa um sério problema de saúde pública em todo mundo, os indicadores revelam que uma das principais causas de doenças cardiovasculares no continente latino-americano é o diabetes. Assim, o controle do DM e a prevenção de seus agravos se fazem necessários. Objetivo:  O estudo teve como objetivo descrever o papel da glicemia capilar no controle do diabetes mellitus do tipo 2. Material e Método: Este estudo tem como metodologia o modelo de revisão integrativa de bibliografia, classificada como analítica e com abordagem qualitativa. Com as buscas nas bases de dados, o total de artigos e trabalhos acadêmicos que foram identificados na base de dados LILACS, somam 36 e para plataforma de busca da Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), foram encontrados um total de 19 artigos. Resultados e discussão:  A glicemia capilar permite que as pessoas que têm diabetes possam ter maior controle sobre os valores de glicemia, prevenindo os episódios de hipoglicemia por causa do uso de insulinas, ajudando a compreender como os alimentos, estresse, emoções e exercícios físicos alteram os níveis de glicose no sangue e também auxilia a definir a dose correta de insulina a ser administrada. Conclusão:  Conclui-se a importância da glicemia capilar na verificação dos níveis de glicose no sangue no controle e tratamento dos portadores de diabetes tipo 2.
Arbitragem como meio de pacificação social dos conflitos
Authors: Silva Alessandra Frei
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo busca analisar os institutos dos meios adequados de solução de conflitos previstos no Código de Processo Civil de 2015, especialmente a arbitragem. Através de uma abordagem técnica, pretende-se demonstrar que a arbitragem existe no ordenamento jurídico desde 1996, porém apenas com o advento do novo Código de Processo Civil é que se tornou mais relevante adoção do instituto. Verifica-se a sua aplicabilidade a casos complexos, além de demonstrar sua importância no que diz respeito ao alcance da pacificação social porquanto trata-se de método de heterocomposição dos conflitos, de modo a analisar os benefícios de sua utilização e a sua eficiência aplicada ao caso concreto. Analisa-se a questão da cláusula arbitral cheia e da cláusula arbitral vazia bem como suas diferenças. Também se objetiva o estudo dos meios adequados de solução de conflitos diante dos problemas sociais da atualidade e a sua importância no que diz respeito à contribuição para uma diminuição de processos no âmbito do poder judiciário. Optou-se pela metodologia dedutiva com base em pesquisa bibliográfica através de doutrina bem como de legislação infraconstitucional.
Sacrifice for (not) buying: how to measure sacrifice in the consumer context
Authors: Gomes Jairo de Pontes , Farias Salomão Alencar de , Silva Marianny Jessica de Brito
Published: October 2021

This paper describes what the sacrifice is for consumption and proposes a scale to measure the sacrifice for (not) buying products. A multimethod approach was applied to achieve the proposed objectives. Initially, three qualitative studies were carried out (two focus groups and one interview with experts). Then, three quantitative studies were conducted (two online and a survey), and finally, two factorial experiments, 2x2 were developed. The act of sacrifice was understood as an exchange process in which some kind of benefit is sought, a fact that also consolidates the definition of sacrifice presented as the willingness to give up something that has value (monetary or not) in order to obtain some benefit (emotional and/or material) of greater importance. Furthermore, the existence of positive and negative elements in the sacrifice for (not) buying products, described as valence and instrumentality, respectively, was identified. It was also found that different levels of valence and instrumentality affect purchase intent. The elements that comprise the sacrifice for (not) buying products were presented, highlighting a definition that can reduce the doubts about what sacrifice is in the context of consumption, as well as how to measure it.
Combinação de açúcares, lipoproteínas e centrifugação melhoram a viabilidade de espermatozoides de caprinos leiteiros pós-criopreservação
Authors: Queiros Aline Francelina de , Farias Camilla Flávia Avelino de , Rique Alex Souza , Tork André Luiz Pereira , Clemente Carlos Augusto Alanis , Guerra Maria Madalena Pessoa , Silva Sildivane Valcácia
Published: October 2021

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes crioprotetores e da centrifugação do sêmen sobre os parâmetros cinéticos e integridade da membrana do sêmen caprino criopreservado. Quatro bodes foram utilizados, e o sêmen foi colhido por meio de uma vagina artificial. Após colheita e aprovação do sêmen, seis pools foram formados, e cada pool foi dividido em oito alíquotas. O plasma foi retirado de quatro alíquotas por centrifugação (1200 g/10 min) e posteriormente diluído; as quatro alíquotas restantes foram diluídas em Tris-gema de ovo padrão, leite padrão, Tris-gema de ovo teste e diluente a base de leite, sem remoção do plasma seminal. Após a diluição, as amostras foram colocadas em palhetas (0,25 mL), congeladas e armazenadas a -196 °C. As amostras foram descongeladas (37 °C/30 s) e avaliadas imediatamente e duas horas pós-descongelação para determinar a cinética e integridade das membranas plasmática e mitocondrial. Foi observada diferença (p <0,05) na manutenção da cinética espermática, integridade da membrana plasmática e potencial mitocondrial entre os grupos centrifugados e não centrifugados e entre os extensores em diferentes momentos. Concluímos que o uso da centrifugação para remoção do plasma seminal afeta positivamente os parâmetros de avaliação do sêmen e que o extensor de gema é mais eficiente quando aplicado com diferentes técnicas de criopreservação, preservando as características desejáveis após a criopreservação do sêmen caprino.
Alterações posturais recorrentes em mulheres mastectomizadas sob a visão fisioterapêutica: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Almeida Mariana Souza de , Sardinha Sanmuel Victor Pinho , Alencar Indiara de
Published: October 2021

A mastectomia está associada a alterações no arco de movimento e na postura corporal. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é de identificar as alterações posturais que frequentemente acometem as mulheres mastectomizadas. Através de uma pesquisa do tipo revisão de literatura realizando buscas nas plataformas de dados: Google acadêmico, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidencie database), Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), Science e PubMed, no idioma português entre o período de 2013 e 2021. Os achados desta pesquisa levam a expor que as alterações posturais relacionadas a mulheres mastectomizadas são: elevação do ombro; protrusão do ombro; protrusão escapular; aumento da curvatura da coluna vertebral (hipercifose, hiperlordose); elevação da pelve; anteroversão pélvica; inclinação posterior do tronco; inclinação do tronco homolateral; inclinação anterior de tronco; alterações no alinhamento vertical da coluna (escoliose); rotação do tronco e retroversão pélvica. Sendo os mais relatados: elevação e protrusão de ombro; anteriorização de cabeça e inclinação de tronco. Concluindo que essas alterações podem ser variáveis e sua identificação dependem de uma boa avaliação.
Three problems of neo-Marxism, or What you need to know before using a neo-Marxist approach
Authors: Mikhailouski Vadzim S.
Published: October 2021

The maturity of the neo-Marxist approach in cognition is determined not only by the heuristics of its theoretical and methodological foundations, but also by self-critical reflection. Three initial problems of the neo-Marxist approach are identified, which are useful to take into account when using it in scientific research: excessive criticism of neo-Marxist cognition, ideological bias of the neo-Marxist approach, conceptual uncertainty of capitalism as an object of neo-Marxism. It is proved that the ideological component is falsely identified with all neo-Marxism, and the critical component is treated trivially. The problem of the neo-Marxist approach lies not in the fact of a negative judgment about the reality under study, but in the level of theoretical and methodological support for the critical approach. It is necessary to distinguish criticism as a negative judgment and criticism as a dialectical logic of negation. The researcher can avoid the critical and ideological component of neo-Marxist research within the framework of the scientific tradition of neo-Marxism. This tradition does not deprive the researcher of the possibility of scientific search for new socio-economic reasons for the transformation of capitalism or new political ones by the subject of anti-capitalist resistance. The difference is that the ideological goal setting orients the researcher to the construction of the revolutionary situation of capitalism, and the scientific one – to the knowledge of the revolutionary factors of the existing «capitalist construct». More complex problem of the neo-Marxist approach is the conceptual uncertainty of capitalism. This problem requires a solution at the level of the community of neo-Marxist theorists. The unresolved nature of this problem affects the initial positions of new neo-Marxist studies. It does not allow us to define capitalism as an object of neo-Marxist research of any subject orientation. There are two options for a research strategy in this situation. First, it is possible, based on the conventional concept of truth, to join some neo-Marxist definition of modern capitalism and implement one’s subject research within the framework of the tradition of a particular neo-Marxist theorist. Secondly, it is possible to use the hypothetical-deductive method and proceed from the chosen understanding of capitalism as a hypothetical position, where the author’s subject of research is constituted as a consequence of this hypothesis and requires a verification check for truth. The solvability of general neo-Marxist epistemological problems means that there are no obstacles to the widespread application of neo-Marxism in social cognition.
The level of replacement of employees with PhD degrees in the Republic of Belarus and the prospects of its improvement
Authors: Belov Andrei А. , Boreiko Snezhana A.
Published: October 2021

Based on the available statistical data, an approach to the quantitative assessment of the replacement level of employees with PhD degrees in the Republic of Belarus is proposed in the article. The practical application of this approach made it possible to determine the inefficiency of the postgraduate education system in terms of the annual replenishment of the number of employees with an academic degree. The quantitative parameters of the performance of postgraduate education system which necessary to stabilise the number of employees with PhD degrees in the economy are determined.
Soil and nutrient management: the practitioner’s perspective
Authors: Catto Warwick , Roberts Ants
Published: October 2021

The fundamentals of nutrient cycling over the past three decades are basically the same but the breadth of subject matter and scale of implementation of soil and nutrient management have changed. Soil is considered for its biological and physical attributes in addition to chemical properties. Farms/orchards are managed at significantly finer scales at paddock or sub-paddock level. The resilience of nutrient management now must consider the contexts of climate change influences, social licence, water quality outcomes and those decisions made and implemented by a more highly trained and scarce people resource.
Sandy soils of pre-Quaternary continental formations Russian territory
Authors: Averkina T. I.
Published: October 2021

The engineering-geological features of the sands included in the pre-Quaternary continental terrigenous formations (red and gray-colored, coal-bearing and lignite-bearing, molasses and molasses coal-bearing), which are widespread in Russia, are characterized. The results of studying the composition, structure, condition and properties of these soils within the various regions of Russia are presented.
Estimasi Nilai Jasa Lingkungan Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Aek Nauli Dengan Metode Travel Cost
Authors: Silalahi Johansen , Situmorang Rospita Odorlina P. , Karlina Endang
Published: October 2021

Dari aspek ekowisata, KHDTK Aek Nauli sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai pintu gerbang ke kawasan wisata Danau Toba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai ekonomi KHDTK dan sekaligus biaya kunjungan ke KHDTK Aek Nauli. Lokasi penelitian adalah KHDTK Aek Nauli terletak di Desa Sibaganding, Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara. Estimasi nilai ekonomi jasa lingkungan KHDTK Aek Nauli dilaksanakan dengan biaya perjalanan (Travel Cost Method). Data dikumpulkan dari 73 orang responden yang terdiri dari kelompok pelajar tingkat SMP, SMA, mahasiswa dan guru-guru. Nilai ekonomi dari Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus Aek Nauli berdasarkan data kunjungan pada tahun 2017 adalah sebesar Rp. 4.073.628.200,- per tahun. Sementara biaya per kunjungan menurut zonasi adalah berkisar Rp. 31.084 hingga Rp.141.072 per kunjungan/orang/hari dengan jarak lokasi berkisar 35-92 km dari KHDTK Aek Nauli. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar manajemen KHDTK Aek Nauli perlu mengkaji tarif masuk ke kawasan KHDTK yang saat ini sangat rendah untuk mengantisipasi dampak eksternalitas dan kerusakan lingkungan akibat kegiatan manusia yang semakin besar di dalam kawasan hutan.

 

Kata kunci: Nilai ekonomi, KHDTK Aek Nauli, TCM, pengunjung
Kondisi Empiris Penyederhanaan Eselon III dan IV pada Pemerintah Kota Sorong
Authors: Irawan Andri , Faturahman Burhanudin Mukhamad
Published: October 2021

Perbaikan pelayanan publik secara efisien dan responsif dapat dilakukan melalui pemangkasan eselon serta memperbanyak jabatan fungsional yang berorientasi langsung pada layanan. Namun kebijakan tersebut belum dilaksanakan oleh Pemerintah Kota Sorong karena memiliki kekhususan dan adanya resistensi dari pejabat lokal. Tujuan penulisan ini mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis kondisi empiris penyederhanaan eselon III dan IV Pemerintah Kota Sorong. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian jenis deskriptif pendekatan kualitatif dimana data dianalisis dengan model interaktif. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi lapangan yang disajikan dalam bentuk narasi kemudian dianalsisi secara kualitiatif melalui tahapan kondensasi, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyederhanaan eselon III dan IV Pemerintah Kota Sorong belum dilaksanakan karena tidak mendapat dukungan dari Walikota. Kultur birokrasi dalam sistem kenaikan jabatan eselon lebih mengutamakan kedekatan personal dan keturunan merupakan penghambat utama penyederhanaan eselon Pemerintah Kota Sorong. Selain itu kebanggaan status sosial jabatan eselon dan ketiadaan instansi pembina jabatan fungsional baru membuat mindset ASN terfokus pada jabatan eselon saja dan pemerintah daerah kesulitan menempatkan ASN pada instansi yang sesuai jabatan fungsional baru tersebut. Instrumen pengawasan untuk jabatan fungsional baru juga belum dibangun dengan tepat. Pada aspek legalitas, belum terdapat peraturan hukum dari turunan UU ASN tentang sistem kepangkatan jabatan fungsional baru. Proses peralihan jabatan struktural ke fungsional berdasarkan kedekatan personal dan keturunan membuat fungsi sistem merit ASN tidak optimal sehingga sampai saat ini penyederhanaan eselon Pemerintah Kota Sorong belum dilakukan. Sistem merit tersebut dapat berfungsi dengan baik jika perilaku birokrat memprioritaskan layanan dari pada budaya. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah pusat menyusun pemetaan peralihan jabatan fungsional baru di Pemerintah Kota Sorong beserta instansi pembina level daerah. Selain itu diperlukan perubahan mindset pejabat eselon dengan membuat peraturan perundang-undangan pembatasan fasilitas pejabat eselon di daerah.Kata kunci: kondisi empiris, penyederhanaan eselon III dan IV, Pemerintah Kota Sorong
Analisis Kerentanan Usaha Mikro Kecil Akibat Pandemi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Sumedang
Authors: Ruhyana Nugrahana Fitria
Published: October 2021

Usaha mikro dan kecil (UMK) paling rentan terhadap dampak pandemi Covid-19. Banyak UMK di Kabupaten Sumedang yang kurang adaptif ketika terjadi pembatasan sosial sehingga mengalami penurunan omzet bahkan sebagian lainnya menutup usaha. Diperlukan kebijakan yang tepat dari pemerintah Kabupaten Sumedang untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, salah satunya melalui analisis kerentanan sehingga dapat diketahui daerah mana yang paling rawan pandemi Covid-19, terutama dari aspek sosial ekonomi terkait UMK. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif berbasis spasial dengan teknik skoring pada setiap variabel penentu dalam analisis kerentanan yang diadopsi dari Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC). Data yang digunakan adalah Potensi Desa (potensi desa) tahun 2018 dan 2019 serta beberapa data pendukung dari instansi terkait. Hasil analisis kerentanan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat satu kecamatan dengan tingkat kerentanan yang sangat tinggi yaitu Kecamatan Jatinangor, dikarenakan banyaknya UMK dan sebagian besar mata pencaharian penduduknya dari sektor-sektor yang terkena dampak restriksi sosial akibat Pandemi Covid-19 seperti industri, perdagangan dan jasa. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap pandemi Covid-19 di tingkat daerah adalah dengan meningkatkan kapasitas adaptif, terutama mendorong kegiatan perekonomian di tingkat desa melalui peningkatan unit usaha dan skala usaha Badan Usaha Milik Desa, perluasan jangkauan sinyal internet, dan mendorong perluasan dari jaringan layanan pengiriman barang.
Solar System Wave Function and its Achievements
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: October 2021

Pluto, Ceres and all planets of solar system except Neptune, with a high approximation, follow a rule called Titius-Bode rule or Bode rule, which can by no means be considered as a stochastic event. This rule shows that the distance of the planets from the sun in Solar system is regulated. Here, we prove that the existence of a standing and cosine wave packet in solar system, with the wavelength λ = 0.6 AU (AU represents the distance of earth from the sun) and the phase constant ∅_0=π/6, is the reason for Bode rule. Moreover, we prove that this huge wave packet belongs to the sun. In the following of the article, based on the solar system wave function, we will enter into the atomic field and arrive to a new atomic model that helps us to describe many phenomena such as the normal Zeeman effect.
Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Dalam Pengelolaan Kawasan Perbatasan Negara di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Mirza Mirza , Aisyah Siti
Published: October 2021

This research aimed to anlayze the implementation of border management policies in Riau Islands Province, which at the provincial level, state border management policies were coordinated through government bureaus and borders. Research problems included the coordination of the implementation of state border development programs that have not yet been integrated, the weakness of institutional institutions that oversaw national border policies and the needs for commitment by state administrators to be carried out in the form of programs/ activities in border areas. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data analysis was conducted based on George Edward III's Policy Implementation theory, covering aspects of communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. The conclusion of this study was that the implementation of sectoral coordination and ego was still a problem, including bureaucratic fragmentation with diffused subjects, making implementation of policies less directed and integrated. Strengthening the border issues became the development program in the Riau Islands Provincial Government to to improve the welfare of the people in the border areas. The program should be then included in the Regional Development Plan (RPJMD).
Collaborative Governance In Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Wibawa Samodra , Nur’aini Darulfa Aziza
Published: October 2021

Following the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs), the United Nations published their resolution of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in October 2015. This has driven and inspired development plan of almost every nation. The government of Indonesian (i.e. Bappenas) should have formulated a roadmap and action plan in early 2018. Many local governments, despite the lack of guidance, claimed that they had adapted the SDGs goals into their local policies. This article aims to provide a conceptual framework of collaborative governance in order to achieve the goals of SGDs in Indonesia. There will be identification of indicators and prerequisites for collaborative governance practice. In other words: what factors can stimulate the practice of collaborative governance towards the achievement of SDGs goals quickly, democratic and inclusively?
ЭТНОГРАФИЯ АБХАЗСКОГО РОДОВОГО КУЛЬТА: МОЛЕНИЕ АДЛЕЙБОВЫХ
Authors: Бигуаа В.Л.
Published: October 2021

На основе полевых этнографических материалов автора в работе исследуется один из многочисленных родовых культов абхазского народа– Анцәахаҵарa (Аncºaxaҫara)– важный институт традиционной религии. Культ присутствует в современной духовной жизни данников, правда, уже в упрощенной форме. Сложилась ситуация, когда господствующее в стране христианство, принятое народом в качестве официальной религии еще в самом начале раннего Средневековья, не является помехой для бытования автохтонной обрядовой культуры. В статье выявляются исторические корни Анцәахаҵараa, подробно описывается его ритуальная практика, интерпретируется основной круг действий, выполняемых в рамках отправления культа.
Based on an ethnographic field study carried out by the author in various regions of Abkhazia, the article examines one of the many clan cults of the Abkhazians– Antsvakhatsara (Ancºaxaҫara)– which is an important institution of traditional religion. It still exists in the modern spiritual life of the worshipers, although in a somewhat simplified form. Christianity, the dominant confession in the country adopted as an official religion at the beginning of the early Middle Ages, does not preclude the autochthonous ritual culture. The article aims to identify the historical roots of the cult, describe its ritual practice in detail and interpret the main ritual actions.
КАРАКАЛПАКСКИЙ ПОСТОЯЛЫЙ ДВОР ШАРБАҚ
Authors: Акимниязова Г.А
Published: October 2021

Развитие торговли и экономических связей привело к необходимости строительства специальных заведений, предназначенных для торговцев, путников, с помещениями для вьючных животных. Это в свою очередь привело к появлению постоялых дворов. У каракалпаков постоялый двор назывался шарбақ. Он были двух видов: для кратковременного пребывания, расположенный в черте города недалеко от базара, и долговременного пребывания, устанавливавшийся при въезде в город. Второй из них предпочитали путешествующие издалека. Посетители же первых постоялых дворов останавливались в нем для разгрузки привезенного для продажи товара, реализовав который в течение дня, покидали заведение. Функции шарбақ заключались не только в предоставлении приюта, возможности отдыха, размещения товаров и животных, но и в общении, обмене новостями. В базарные дни сюда стекались жители со всей округи для того, чтобы узнать последние новости. Для старшего поколения шарбақ был, в первую очередь местом проведения досуга. Постоялый двор играл важную роль в жизни каракалпаков. Об этом свидетельствует их количество. К середине XX века постоялый двор начинает терять свою значимость в связи с развитием городской инфраструктуры и появлением гостиниц.
The development of economic ties entailed arranging special establishments for traders and travelers, with premises for beasts of burden. This resulted in the construction of hostelries. The Karakalpaks called them sharbak. There were two types of sharbaks: located within the city near the bazaar, intended for a short stay, and installed at the entrance of the city for the long-term visitors. Travelers from far away preferred the second type. Guests of the first type of hostelries usually stayed there just to unload the goods and sell them at the bazaar during the day. The sharbaks not only provided shelter, recreation, and accommodation of goods and animals, but also served as a place for communication and news exchange. On market days, residents from all over the area flocked there to find out the latest news. For the older generation, sharbak was a place of leisure. The hostelry played an important role in the social life of the Karakalpaks, which is evidenced by their large number. By the middle of the 20th century, the sharbak began to lose its significance due to the development of urban infrastructure and modern hotels
ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ И САМОПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ В ЦИФРОВЫХ МЕДИА. О КН.: ЛИСЕНКОВА А.А. ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ В ЦИФРОВОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ: МОНОГРАФИЯ. ПЕРМЬ: ПЕРМСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ИНСТИТУТ КУЛЬТУРЫ, 2021. 286 с.
Authors: Тульчинский Г.Л.
Published: October 2021

Рецензия посвящена монографии, в которой осмысливается социально-культурные эффекты развития цифровых технологий в современном обществе, в частности степень их влияния на процессы идентификации и социализации. Автор рецензии отмечает, что особое внимание в данном издании уделено формированию социокультурной идентичности российской молодежи в пространстве новых медиа (в том числе социальных сетей), стратегиям и практикам репрезентации, формам публичной нарративизации и визуализации повседневного опыта. Виртуальная цифровая среда представлена в виде комплексного феномена, пронизывающего все сферы жизни человека, формирующего новые требования к его компетенциям, знаниям, умениям и навыкам, создающего не только интерактивное пространство взаимодействия, но и порождающего риски и угрозы нового порядка. Рецензируемая монография адресована широкому кругу читателей, включая культурологов, философов, специалистов по социальной и культурной антропологии, преподавателей и студентов гуманитарных вузов, всех кому интересны современные культурные процессы и различные аспекты развития цифрового общества.
The review is devoted to the monograph, which comprehends the socio-cultural effects of the development of digital technologies in modern society, in particular, the degree of their influence on the processes of identification and socialization. The author of the review notes that special attention in this publication is paid to the formation of the socio-cultural identity of Russian youth in the space of new media (including social networks), strategies and practices of representation, forms of public narrativization and visualization of everyday experience. The virtual digital environment is presented as a complex phenomenon that permeates all spheres of human life, forming new requirements for his competencies, knowledge, skills and abilities, creating not only an interactive interaction space, but also generating risks and threats of a new order. The reviewed monograph is addressed to a wide range of readers, including cultural scientists, philosophers, specialists in social and cultural anthropology, teachers and students of humanities universities, all who are interested in modern cultural processes and various aspects of the development of a digital society.
Translational Analysis of Moderate to Severe Asthma GWAS Signals Into Candidate Causal Genes and Their Functional, Tissue-Dependent and Disease-Related Associations
Authors: Portelli Michael A. , Rakkar Kamini , Hu Sile , Guo Yike , Adcock Ian M.
Published: October 2021

Asthma affects more than 300 million people globally and is both under diagnosed and under treated. The most recent and largest genome-wide association study investigating moderate to severe asthma to date was carried out in 2019 and identified 25 independent signals. However, as new and in-depth downstream databases become available, the translational analysis of these signals into target genes and pathways is timely. In this study, unique (U-BIOPRED) and publicly available datasets (HaploReg, Open Target Genetics and GTEx) were investigated for the 25 GWAS signals to identify 37 candidate causal genes. Additional traits associated with these signals were identified through PheWAS using the UK Biobank resource, with asthma and eosinophilic traits amongst the strongest associated. Gene expression omnibus dataset examination identified 13 candidate genes with altered expression profiles in the airways and blood of asthmatic subjects, including MUC5AC and STAT6. Gene expression analysis through publicly available datasets highlighted lung tissue cell specific expression, with both MUC5AC and SLC22A4 genes showing enriched expression in ciliated cells. Gene enrichment pathway and interaction analysis highlighted the dominance of the HLA-DQA1/A2/B1/B2 gene cluster across many immunological diseases including asthma, type I diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Interaction and prediction analyses found IL33 and IL18R1 to be key co-localization partners for other genes, predicted that CD274 forms co-expression relationships with 13 other genes, including the HLA-DQA1/A2/B1/B2 gene cluster and that MUC5AC and IL37 are co-expressed. Drug interaction analysis revealed that 11 of the candidate genes have an interaction with available therapeutics. This study provides significant insight into these GWAS signals in the context of cell expression, function, and disease relationship with the view of informing future research and drug development efforts for moderate-severe asthma.
Structural Aspects of the Superionic Transition in AX2 Compounds With the Fluorite Structure
Authors: Fossati Paul C. M. , Chartier Alain , Boulle Alexandre
Published: October 2021

Some AX2 binary compounds with the fluorite structure (space group Fm3̄m) are well-known examples of materials exhibiting transitions to ionic superconducting phases at high temperatures below their melting points. Such superionic states have been described as either highly defective crystals or part-crystal, part-liquid states where the A ions retain their crystalline order whilst the X ions undergo partial melting. However, no detailed description of the structure of these phases exists. We present here the results of our investigation of the structural changes that occur during these transitions and the structural characteristics of the resulting superionic materials. This work is based on atomic-scale molecular dynamics modelling methods as well as computational diffraction techniques. We employed a set of empirical potentials representing several compounds with the fluorite structure to investigate any potential-dependent effect. We show the importance of small-scale structure changes, with some local environments showing a hexagonal symmetry similar to what is seen in the scrutinyite structure that has been documented for example in UO2.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Yaks (Bos grunniens) in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Geng Hong-Li , Ni Hong-Bo , Li Jing-Hao , Jiang Jing , Wang Wei , Wei Xin-Yu , Zhang Yuan , Sun He-Ting
Published: October 2021

Cryptosporidium spp., the causative agent of cryptosporidiosis, can infect a variety of hosts. So far, there has been limited information regarding Cryptosporidium spp. infection in yaks (Bos grunniens). Here, we performed the first systematic review and meta-analysis for Cryptosporidium spp. infection in yaks in China. To perform the meta-analysis, five databases (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Chinese journal database, WanFang Data, PubMed, and ScienceDirect) were employed to search for studies related to the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in yaks in China. The total number of samples was 8,212, and the pooled Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence in yaks was estimated to be 10.52% (1192/8012). The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in yaks was 13.54% (1029/5277) and 4.49% (148/2132) in northwestern and southwestern China, respectively. In the sampling year subgroups, the prevalence before 2012 (19.79%; 650/2662) was significantly higher than that after 2012 (6.07%; 437/4476). The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in cold seasons (20.55%; 188/794) was higher than that in warm seasons (4.83%; 41/1228). In the age subgroup, the yaks with age < 12 months had a higher prevalence (19.47%; 231/1761) than that in yaks with age ≥12 months (16.63%; 365/2268). Among 12 Cryptosporidium spp. species/genotypes, the C. bovis had the highest prevalence. Moreover, the effects of geography (latitude, longitude, precipitation, temperature, and altitude) and climate on Cryptosporidium spp. infection in yaks were evaluated. Through analyzing the risk factors correlated with the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp., we recommend that effective management measures should be formulated according to the differences of different geographical factors, in order to prevent cryptosporidiosis and reduce economic losses in yaks in China.
Poverty Reduction of Sustainable Development Goals in the 21st Century: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Yu Yanni , Huang Jinghong
Published: October 2021

No Poverty is the top priority among 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research perspectives, methods, and subject integration of studies on poverty reduction have been greatly developed with the advance of practice in the 21st century. This paper analyses 2,459 papers on poverty reduction since 2000 using VOSviewer software and R language. Our conclusions show that (1) the 21st century has seen a sharp increase in publications of poverty reduction, especially the period from 2015 to date. (2) The divergence in research quantity and quality between China and Kenya is great. (3) Economic studies focus on inequality and growth, while environmental studies focus on protection and management mechanisms. (4) International cooperation is usually related to geographical location and conducted by developed countries with developing countries together. (5) Research on poverty reduction in different regions has specific sub-themes. Our findings provide an overview of the state of the research and suggest that there is a need to strengthen the integration of disciplines and pay attention to the contribution of marginal disciplines to poverty reduction research in the future.
Impact of Muscle Mass as a Prognostic Factor for Failed Waiting Time Prior to Heart Transplantation
Authors: Roehrich Luise , Suendermann Simon H. , Just Isabell Anna , Kopp Fernandes Laurenz , Schnettler Jessica , Kelle Sebastian , Solowjowa Natalia , Stein Julia , Hummel Manfred , Knierim Jan , Potapov Evgenij , Knosalla Christoph , Falk Volkmar , Schoenrath Felix
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Clinical deterioration during the waiting time impairs the prognosis of patients listed for heart transplantation. Reduced muscle mass increases the risk for mortality after cardiac surgery, but its impact on resilience against deterioration during the waiting time remains unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 93 patients without a VAD who were listed in Eurotransplant status “high urgent (HU)” for heart transplantation between January 2015 and October 2020. The axial muscle area of the erector spinae muscles at the level of thoracic vertebra 12 indexed to body surface area (TMESA/BSA) measured in the preoperative thoracic computed tomography scan was used to measure muscle mass.

Results: Forty patients (43%) underwent emergency VAD implantation during the waiting time and four patients (4%) died during the waiting time. The risk of emergency VAD implantation/death during the waiting time decreased by 10% for every cm2/m2 increase in muscle area [OR 0.901 (95% CI: 0.808–0.996); p = 0.049]. After adjusting for gender [OR 0.318 (95% CI: 0.087–1.073); p = 0.072], mean pulmonary artery pressure [OR 1.061 (95% CI: 0.999–1.131); p = 0.060], C-reactive protein [OR 1.352 (95% CI: 0.986–2.027); p = 0.096], and hemoglobin [OR 0.862 (95% CI: 0.618–1.177); p = 0.360], TMESA/BSA [OR 0.815 (95% CI: 0.698–0.936); p = 0.006] remained an independent risk factor for emergency VAD implantation/death during the HU waiting time.

Conclusion: Muscle area of the erector spinae muscle appears to be a potential, easily identifiable risk factor for emergency VAD implantation or death in patients on the HU waiting list for heart transplantation. Identifying patients at risk could help optimize the outcome and the timing of VAD support.
Predictive Model of Lake Photic Zone Temperature Across the Conterminous United States
Authors: Kreakie B. J. , Shivers S. D. , Hollister J. W. , Milstead W. B.
Published: October 2021

As the average global air temperature increases, lake surface temperatures are also increasing globally. The influence of this increased temperature is known to impact lake ecosystems across local to broad scales. Warming lake temperature is linked to disruptions in trophic linkages, changes in thermal stratification, and cyanobacteria bloom dynamics. Thus, comprehending broad trends in lake temperature is important to understanding the changing ecology of lakes and the potential human health impacts of these changes. To help address this, we developed a simple yet robust random forest model of lake photic zone temperature using the 2007 and 2012 United States Environmental Protection Agency’s National Lakes Assessment data for the conterminous United States. The final model has a root mean square error of 1.48°C and an adjusted R2 of 0.88; the final model included 2,282 total samples. The sampling date, that day’s average ambient air temperature and longitude are the most important variables impacting the final model’s accuracy. The final model also included 30-days average temperature, elevation, latitude, lake area, and lake shoreline length. Given the importance of temperature to a lake ecosystem, this model can be a valuable tool for researchers and lake resource managers. Daily predicted lake photic zone temperature for all lakes in the conterminous US can now be estimated based on basic ambient temperature and location information.
Comprehensive Analysis of LIN28A in Chinese Patients With Early Onset Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Gu Xiaojing , Hou Yanbing , Chen Yongping , Ou Ruwei , Cao Bei , Wei Qianqian , Zhang Lingyu , Song Wei , Zhao Bi , Wu Ying , Shang Huifang
Published: October 2021

A loss-of-function variant in Lin-28 Homolog A gene (LIN28A p. R192G, rs558060339) has been identified in two East Asian ancestry patients with early-onset PD (EOPD). Functional studies revealed that such a variant could lead to developmental defects and PD-related phenotype, and the phenotypes could be rescued after correction of the variant. The aim of the study was to screen the variants of LIN28A in Chinese patients with EOPD. A total of 682 EOPD patients were sequenced with whole exome sequencing and the coding and flanking region of LIN28A were analyzed. We identified a rare coding variant, p. P182L, of LIN28A in a Chinese patient with EOPD. Moreover, we also found a 3′-UTR polymorphism (rs4659441) to be associated with an increased risk for PD. However, our rare variant burden analysis did not support a role for LIN28A as a major causal gene for PD.
Interferon Genes Are Influenced by 17β-Estradiol in SLE
Authors: Singh Ram P. , Hahn Bevra H. , Bischoff David S.
Published: October 2021

Recent evidence suggests the existence of a nexus between inflammatory pathways and the female sex hormone 17β-estradiol, resulting in increased interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), autoantibodies, and dysregulation of immune cells in SLE. However, the molecular mechanisms and the effect of estradiol on candidate target genes and their pathways remains poorly understood. Our previous work suggests that female SLE patients have increased estradiol levels compared to healthy controls. In the present study, we explored the effects of 17β-estradiol treatment on expression of IFN (interferons)-stimulated genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. We found significantly increased (5-10-fold) expression of IFN-regulated genes in healthy females. Furthermore, we found significantly increased plasma levels of IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, stem cell factor (SCF), and IL-21/IL-23 in SLE patients compared to healthy controls, and those levels positively correlated with the plasma levels of 17β-estradiol. In addition, levels of IL-21 positively correlated with the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) score of SLE patients.In vitrotreatment of PBMCs from either SLE patients or healthy controls with 17β-estradiol at physiological concentration (~50 pg/ml) also significantly increased secretion of many pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-8, IFN-γ; MIP1α, and MIP1β) in both groups. Further our data revealed that 17β-estradiol significantly increased the percentage of CD3+CD69+and CD3+IFNγ+T cells; whereas, simultaneous addition of 17β-estradiol and an ERα inhibitor prevented this effect. Collectively, our findings indicate that 17β-estradiol participates in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and further influences interferon genes and pathways.
Immunoglobulin Glycosylation – An Unexploited Potential for Immunomodulatory Strategies in Farm Animals
Authors: Zlatina Kristina , Galuska Sebastian P.
Published: October 2021

The function of antibodies, namely the identification and neutralization of pathogens, is mediated by their antigen binding site (Fab). In contrast, the subsequent signal transduction for activation of the immune system is mediated by the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region, which interacts with receptors or other components of the immune system, such as the complement system. This aspect of binding and interaction is more precise, readjusted by covalently attached glycan structures close to the hinge region of immunoglobulins (Ig). This fine-tuning of Ig and its actual state of knowledge is the topic of this review. It describes the function of glycosylation at Ig in general and the associated changes due to corresponding glycan structures. We discuss the functionality of IgG glycosylation during different physiological statuses, like aging, lactation and pathophysiological processes. Further, we point out what is known to date about Ig glycosylation in farm animals and how new achievements in vaccination may contribute to improved animal welfare.
Case Report: Two Cases of Salivary Duct Carcinoma in Workers With a History of Chromate Exposure
Authors: Seçin Imran , Uijen Maike J. M. , Driessen Chantal M. L. , van Herpen Carla M. L. , Scheepers Paul T. J.
Published: October 2021

Background: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), one subtype of the 22 different salivary gland cancers, is a rare malignancy. Risk factors for the development of salivary gland cancer and SDC are largely unknown, although pollution has been described as one of the risk factors. In other cancers, especially in lung cancer, the carcinogenicity of chromium VI [Cr(VI)] is well-known. Here we report on two SDC patients who were occupationally exposed to Cr(VI) and discuss a potential relation between their Cr(VI) exposure and the occurrence of SDC.

Case Presentation: The work history of two SDC patients was analyzed for chemical exposures. Both patients had a history of Cr(VI) exposure, with maintenance of military equipment considered as the source for this exposure. Inhalation of Cr(VI) containing particles from the removal of old paint by mechanical abrasion was identified as a probable source of exposure for both patients, and one of these patients also applied new paint. Both patients reported not to have used any respiratory protection which may have resulted in substantial inhalation of Cr(VI)-containing chromates. Furthermore, in one patient inhalation of fumes from soldering may have resulted in relevant co-exposure.

Conclusion: A causal relation between Cr(VI) exposure and SDC, a rare cancer, cannot be demonstrated on an individual basis but detection in a population-based study is also unlikely because of the extremely low prevalence. Nevertheless, the work history is considered a relevant risk factor in the onset of SDC as occupational exposures to Cr(VI) occurred in poorly ventilated working environment and without using appropriate respiratory protective equipment.
Isolated Increased Nuchal Translucency in First Trimester Ultrasound Scan: Diagnostic Yield of Prenatal Microarray and Outcome of Pregnancy
Authors: Stuurman Kyra E. , van der Mespel-Brouwer Marjolein H. , Engels Melanie A. J. , Elting Mariet W. , Bhola Shama L. , Meijers-Heijboer Hanne
Published: October 2021

Background: Increased nuchal translucency (NT) is associated with aneuploidy. When the karyotype is normal, fetuses are still at risk for structural anomalies and genetic syndromes. Our study researched the diagnostic yield of prenatal microarray in a cohort of fetuses with isolated increased NT (defined as NT ≥ 3.5 mm) and questioned whether prenatal microarray is a useful tool in determining the adverse outcomes of the pregnancy.

Materials and Methods: A prospective study was performed, in which 166 women, pregnant with a fetus with isolated increased NT (ranging from 3.5 to 14.3 mm with a mean of 5.4 mm) were offered karyotyping and subsequent prenatal microarray when karyotype was normal. Additionally, all ongoing pregnancies of fetuses with normal karyotype were followed up with regard to postnatal outcome. The follow-up time after birth was maximally 4 years.

Results: Totally, 149 of 166 women opted for prenatal testing. Seventy-seven fetuses showed normal karyotype (52%). Totally, 73 of 77 fetuses with normal karyotype did not show additional anomalies on an early first trimester ultrasound. Totally, 40 of 73 fetuses received prenatal microarray of whom 3 fetuses had an abnormal microarray result: two pathogenic findings (2/40) and one incidental carrier finding. In 73 fetuses with an isolated increased NT, 21 pregnancies showed abnormal postnatal outcome (21/73, 28.8%), 29 had a normal outcome (29/73, 40%), and 23 were lost to follow-up (23/73, 31.5%). Seven out of 73 live-born children showed an adverse outcome (9.6%).

Conclusions: Prenatal microarray in fetuses with isolated increased NT had a 5% (2/40) increased diagnostic yield compared to conventional karyotyping. Even with a normal microarray, fetuses with an isolated increased NT had a 28.8% risk of either pregnancy loss or an affected child.