bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical effect of tibial slope on the stability of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees
Authors: Lee Jin-Ah , Koh Yong-Gon , Kim Paul Shinil , Kang Ki Won , Kwak Yoon Hae , Kang Kyoung-Tak
Published: September 2020

Aims

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has become a popular method of treating knee localized osteoarthritis (OA). Additionally, the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is essential to maintaining the physiological kinematics and functions of the knee joint. Considering these factors, the purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical effects on PCL-deficient knees in medial UKA.

Methods

Computational simulations of five subject-specific models were performed for intact and PCL-deficient UKA with tibial slopes. Anteroposterior (AP) kinematics and contact stresses of the patellofemoral (PF) joint and the articular cartilage were evaluated under the deep-knee-bend condition.

Results

As compared to intact UKA, there was no significant difference in AP translation in PCL-deficient UKA with a low flexion angle, but AP translation significantly increased in the PCL-deficient UKA with high flexion angles. Additionally, the increased AP translation became decreased as the posterior tibial slope increased. The contact stress in the PF joint and the articular cartilage significantly increased in the PCL-deficient UKA, as compared to the intact UKA. Additionally, the increased posterior tibial slope resulted in a significant decrease in the contact stress on PF joint but significantly increased the contact stresses on the articular cartilage.

Conclusion

Our results showed that the posterior stability for low flexion activities in PCL-deficient UKA remained unaffected; however, the posterior stability for high flexion activities was affected. This indicates that a functional PCL is required to ensure normal stability in UKA. Additionally, posterior stability and PF joint may reduce the overall risk of progressive OA by increasing the posterior tibial slope. However, the excessive posterior tibial slope must be avoided. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(9):593–600.
The use of betel (Piper betle) leaves for maintaining the health of women and children at various ethnic groups in Indonesia
Authors: Widowati Lucie , HAndayani Lestari , Mujahid Rohmat
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Widowati L, Handayani L, Mujahid R. 2020. The use of betel (Piper betle) leaves for maintaining the health of women and children at various ethnic groups in Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 120-126. Betel is considered as one of the popular medicinal plants. Traditional uses of betel are mainly for maternal and child health, and frequently applied by the local communities. The study was carried out to determine the traditional use of betel. The method used a descriptive approach by analyzing the data collected from the RISTOJA Project in the year of 2012, 2015, and 2017. Data collection was conducted in 34 provinces of Indonesia through the survey of local knowledge of ethnomedicine and community-based medicinal plants. We collected the data using semi-structured interviews with traditional healers. The study revealed some medicinal related purposes, such as (i) Beauty care/cosmetic; (ii) Female genital organ; (iii) Fertility disorders; (iv) Pre and postnatal; (v) Stimulating breast milk, and (vi) Baby and children care. The RISTOJA project proved that the use of betel in health care for women and children is a lot so that it should be more developed. Previous studies also proved that betel is efficacious and safe for women and children. On the contrary, unhygienic way of services in traditional rituals and beliefs need to be supervised so that there is no harmful effect on the consumer. We propose establishing guidance to the traditional healers so that they can understand the safety and efficacy of traditional medicine and hygienic traditional health services.
Unambiguous measurement range and error tolerance in dual-wavelength interferometry
Authors: Guo Xiaoting , Liu Xiaojun , Lei Zili , Chen Cheng , Yang Wenjun
Published: September 2020

In dual or multiwavelength interferometry, the traditional equivalent wavelength method is widely used for phase recovery to enlarge the unambiguous measurement range (UMR). In fact, however, this method ignores information of size and sign (positive or negative) of single wavelength wrapped phases, and the extension of the UMR is not sufficient. For the reflective measurement, the largest UMR of the dual or multiwavelength interferometry is half of the least-common multiple (LCM) of single wavelengths, called the LCM effective wavelength, which is often several times the equivalent wavelength. But why do we often use the equivalent wavelength and seldom use the larger UMR in practice? Existing research reveals that the actual UMR is related to the measurement error of single-wavelength-wrapped phases, and half of the LCM effective wavelength is only the theoretical value. But how do errors affect the UMR? We think the quantitative analysis and description are lacking. In this paper, we continue to study this problem, analyze it in a graphical method, and give quantitative descriptions. The simulation experiments are carried out and verify our analysis.
Research on multi-parameter characteristics of a PCF sensor modified by GO composite films
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Tong Zhengrong , Zhang Weihua , Liu Jingwei
Published: September 2020

We propose a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on graphene oxide (GO) composite film modification to simultaneously measure the multi-parameter sensing characteristics of humidity, temperature, and glucose concentration. The GO-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite film is used to measure the humidity-sensing characteristics of the sensor, and the glucose oxidase composite film is used to measure the sensing characteristics of the glucose concentration, respectively. Experiment results show that the sensitivities of the temperature of the GO-PVA coating structure are 0.037 nm/°C, 0.047 nm/°C, and 0.031 nm/°C; the sensitivities of humidity are 0.059 nm/%RH, 0.121 nm/%RH, and 0.047 nm/%RH; and the sensitivities of the glucose concentration of the GO-GOD coating structure are 0.028 nm/(g/L), 0.049 nm/(g/L), and 0.010 nm/(g/L) for three interference dips, respectively. The structure is simple to manufacture and can be used as a sensor for detecting multiple parameters. It can be widely used in biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and other fields.
Efficient light extraction in subwavelength GaAs/AlGaAs nanopillars for nanoscale light-emitting devices
Authors: Romeira Bruno , Borme Jérôme , Fonseca Hélder , Gaspar João , Nieder Jana B.
Published: September 2020

This work reports on high extraction efficiency in subwavelength GaAs/AlGaAs semiconductor nanopillars. We achieve up to 37-fold enhancement of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity from sub-micrometer (sub-µm) pillars without requiring back reflectors, high-Q dielectric cavities, nor large 2D arrays or plasmonic effects. This is a result of a large extraction efficiency for nanopillars <500 nm width, estimated in the range of 33-57%, which is much larger than the typical low efficiency (∼2%) of micrometer pillars limited by total internal reflection. Time-resolved PL measurements allow us to estimate the nonradiative surface recombination of fabricated pillars. We conclusively show that vertical-emitting nanopillar-based LEDs, in the best case scenario of both reduced surface recombination and efficient light out-coupling, have the potential to achieve notable large external quantum efficiency (∼45%), whereas the efficiency of large µm-pillar planar LEDs, without further methods, saturates at ∼2%. These results offer a versatile method of light management in nanostructures with prospects to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices including nanoscale LEDs, nanolasers, single photon sources, photodetectors, and solar cells.
High-power vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser emitting switchable wavelengths
Authors: Zhang Jiye , Zhang Jianwei , Zhang Zhuo , Zeng Yugang , Zhang Xing , Zhu Hongbo , Huang Youwen , Qin Li , Ning Yongqiang , Wang Lijun , Cui Jinjiang
Published: September 2020

In this paper we reported on the optically pumped VECSELs with switchable lasing wavelengths. The two lasing wavelengths of λ ≈ 954 nm and 1003 nm are generated at different pumping powers from the same gain chip. The thermal rollover of output power is observed twice, and the first rollover on the power curve indicates the switch of lasing wavelength. During the operation of our VECSEL, the increase of pumping power changes the temperature within the gain chip, and thus the gain spectrum is tuned to the one of two modes, which is defined by the dips on the reflectivity spectrum. The maximum output power of each wavelength exceeds 2.2 W at -5 °C. The dual-wavelength emission at λ ≈954 nm and 1003 nm is also demonstrated, and the output power of the dual-wavelength emission reached nearly 2 W.
Distributed transverse-force sensing along a single-mode fiber using polarization-analyzing OFDR
Authors: Feng Ting , Zhou Junnan , Shang Yanling , Chen Xiaojun , Steve Yao X.
Published: September 2020

We report what we believe to be the first demonstration of a direct distributed transverse-force (TF) sensing along a single-mode fiber (SMF) using a self-built polarization-analyzing optical frequency-domain reflectometry (PA-OFDR). The transverse line-force (TLF) distribution along a SMF can be directly obtained from the absolute measurement of birefringence induced by the TF via photo-elastic effect at different locations along the fiber, without the need of complicated force-to-strain conversion. We show that our system is capable of sensing a weight of merely 0.68 g but yet has a large dynamic range of over 44 dB. In particular, we obtained a maximum detectable TLF of 16.8 N/mm, a minimum detectable TLF of 6.61×10−4 N/mm, a TLF measurement uncertainty of <2.432%, a TF sensing spatial resolution of 3.7 mm and a TF sensing distance of 103.5 m. We also experimentally investigated the influence of different fiber coatings on the TF sensing and found that the polyimide coating is a better choice due to its high TF measurement sensitivity and response speed, although it induces relatively high residual birefringence in the SMF to limit the minimum detectable TLF. Our work is an important step forward for practical distributed TF sensing and shall prove useful for engineers and scientists to implement the PA-OFDR technology for distributed TF sensing with low cost SMFs.
Phase-stable optical activity measurement by common-path spectral interferometry
Authors: Nishiyama Yoshio , Ishikawa Shoichi , Nagatani Hirohisa
Published: September 2020

A robust optical activity (OA) spectrometer covering the visible and near-infrared regimes was designed and built via a combination of a linear polarizer and a birefringent plate. The OA spectrometer relies on common-path spectral interferometry, where the two interfering fields travel common optical paths, and ensures signal reproducibility over several hours. By detecting OA without polarization switching, the data acquisition time is shortened to 1 s, enabling real-time monitoring of the chiral complex formation. The present configuration also allows OA measurement with broadband pulses, which is promising for probing ultrafast circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion.
Dissipative soliton generation from a large anomalous dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Zhou Jiaqi , Qi Weiao , Pan Weiwei , Feng Yan
Published: September 2020

Dissipative soliton (DS) is demonstrated in a large anomalous dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber laser. A chirped fiber Bragg grating is implemented into a figure-of-9 cavity to provide a large anomalous dispersion. A self-starting and stable DS operation is achieved with 3.5 nJ pulse energy and 12.9 ps pulse duration under a 26.4 MHz repetition rate. Numerical simulations reveal that the DSs presented here experience strong temporal, spectral, and chirp breathing in the cavity. Thanks to the characteristic chirp breathing, the output DS pulses can maintain a narrow spectral bandwidth of 0.17 nm. We believe that the laser design presented here has a lot of potential and could be an outstanding ultrafast seed laser solution for industrial applications including micromachining and hard-brittle material processing.
Au nanoparticle decorated WO3 nanorods with enhanced optical limiting activity
Authors: Li Wei , Huang Dongdong , Wang Tingting , Zheng Chan , Xiao Xueqing , Cai Shuguang , Chen Wenzhe
Published: September 2020

We report a simple route to assembling gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of one-dimensional tungsten oxide (WO3) nanorods (NRs) through electrostatic interactions. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and diffuse reflectance UV-vis absorption spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphology, structure, surface characteristics, and linear optical properties of the Au NP/WO3 NR heterostructures. TEM images, XRD, and UV/Vis spectroscopy results confirmed the successful decoration of Au NPs on the WO3 NRs. The structure and elemental chemical states of the WO3 NRs were retained during the self-assembly process. The bandgap of the WO3 NRs became wider after attachment of the Au NPs owing to the interaction of the dipole moments of the WO3 NRs and Au NPs under the induction of light. The optical limiting (OL) and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the resulting Au NP/WO3 NR heterostructures were studied using an open-aperture Z-scan technique in the nanosecond regime with a 532-nm laser. The introduction of Au NPs strongly influenced the competition of the saturable absorption and nonlinear scattering (NLS) in the WO3 NRs. The Au NP/WO3 NR heterostructure had superior NLO activity to that of un-decorated WO3 NRs. The main factor contributing to the enhanced NLO effect of the Au NP/WO3 NR heterostructures was a combination of free carrier absorption, NLS, and efficient charge/energy transfer at the Au NP/WO3 interface. Our findings show that Au NP/WO3 NR heterostructures are promising candidates for optical limiters to protect sensitive instruments and human eyes from damage caused by high power lasers.
The effect of winter weather on timber truck tare weights
Authors: Anttila Perttu , Nummelin Tuomas , Väätäinen Kari , Laitila Juha
Published: September 2020

In wintertime, the payload capacity of a timber truck is reduced by snow that accumulates on the structures of the truck. The aim of this study was to quantify the potential payload loss due to snow and winter accessories and to predict the loss with weather variables. Tare weights of eight timber trucks were collected at mill receptions in Finland over a one-year period. Monthly and annual loss of potential payload was estimated using the tare measurements in summer months as a reference. Each load was also connected with weather data at the location and time of delivery and payload loss explained by the weather data with the aid of regression models. The maximum loss of payload varied between 1560 kg and 3100 kg. On a monthly basis, the highest losses occurred in January, when the median values varied between 760 kg and 2180 kg. Over the year, the payload loss ranged between the trucks from 0.5% to 1.5% (from 1.9% and 5.1% in January) of the total number of loads in the study. Payload loss was found to increase with decreasing temperature, increasing relative humidity and increasing precipitation. Although the average payload loss was not very high, the biggest losses occur just during the season of highest capacity utilization. Big differences were also found in the tare weights between the trucks. The results of the study give incentive to develop truck and trailer structures that reduce the adherence of snow.
Research, #Huh? Improving research awareness in NHS Grampian through a website and more
Authors: Berry Emma , D’Alessandro Mariella
Published: September 2020

Our public-facing website #Huh (Helping U Help) – www.grampianclinicalresearch.com – has been designed to engage public, patients and staff in clinical research. We have included views from patients and the public in its design and content, using multiple methods to gather feedback, some proving more successful than others. This article presents how our website was developed, including the different methods we used to gather views from the patients and public before, during and after its development. We hope that this paper will give useful insights to other people interested in incorporating stakeholder feedback into their own work.
Foregrounding co-production: Building research relationships in university–community collaborative research
Authors: Eisenstadt Nathan , McLellan Josie
Published: September 2020

Emerging scholarship on university–community co-production rightly emphasizes the importance of preparatory work to build research partnerships. Such preparation creates the necessary common ground on which to build a meaningful collaborative relationship. Drawing on our experiences on a large university–community co-production experiment in historical mapping, we argue that this work is particularly important in partnerships where relationships are characterized by difference. If academics wish to work with individuals and groups beyond the bounds of those with whom they already agree, ‘foregrounding’ co-production is a critical component. We identify three dimensions of foregrounding co-production: practical, epistemological and affective. Each become increasingly important in cases where communities lack trust in, or actively mistrust, the university. Understanding and navigating difference, historical harm and power asymmetries can be time-intensive, and it may require a reorientation of the relationship between process and output in collaborative projects such that initially intended aims are not met. In order to encourage co-production across difference, we conclude that foregrounding should be valued as an end or ‘output’ in and of itself.
Mind the gap: Can a professional development programme build a university’s public engagement community?
Authors: Seakins Amy , Fitzsimmons Alexandra
Published: September 2020

A number of ‘gaps’ may be present within public engagement with research – disparity of skills, priorities and knowledge between research staff and engagement practitioners, as well as differences between institutional ambition and departmental reality. Such gaps are often perceived as problems – deficits to be addressed through training and culture change initiatives. The design and delivery of Imperial College London’s Engagement Academy with 12 members of research, teaching and professional services staff sought to explore and work across such gaps. We propose that these areas of disconnect within and across universities may be challenging, but they may also be structurally necessary, and potentially even a source of rich public engagement.
Serum nesfatin in overweight and obese children
Authors: Bazarnyi Vladimir V. , Anufrieva Elena V. , Maksimova Arina Yu. , Polushina Larisa G. , Kovtun Olga P.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the most common children diseases. In present time it is being actively studied the natural hormones role in the pathogenesis of obesity.
AIMS: To determine the relationship between serum nesfatin level with impaired lipid metabolism in school age children with overweight and obesity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included children with overweight and obesity (case) and healthy children with normal body mass (control) aged 9 to 15 years. All children were determined by concentration in cholesterol blood and its factions, apoA-1, apoB. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Bio Human Nesfatin Enzyme Immunoassay Kit).
RESULTS: Groups of patients with overweight and obesity (n = 53) and healthy children (n = 31) were comparable by age and sex. In obese children, a significant decrease in the level of nesfatin-1 was revealed compared with the group with normal body weight. In cases of children obesity there is a marked decrease in the concentration of nesfatin-1 in serum, especially expressed in the dyslipidemia presence. The nesfatin-1 level are negatively correlated to BMI and body fat content.
CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data suggest that along with the known key role of nesfatin in the regulation of eating behavior and appetite, it also affects anthropometric indicators, primarily associated with the accumulation of excess fat mass. Based on the data obtained, nesfatin-1 should be considered as a possible marker for the development of obesity in children.
The features of psychological state, eating behavior, hormonal and adipokine regulation of metabolism in men with subcutaneous and abdominal fat distribution
Authors: Mokhova Iraida G. , Pinkhasov Boris B. , Shilina Nadejda I. , Yankovskaya Svetlana V. , Selyatitskaya Vera G.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: development of obesity and obesity related conditions are directly associated with eating disorders and psychological state. There is increasing focus on the assessment the characteristics of these indicators in men with subcutaneous and central fat distribution, which are associated with various hormonal and adipokine mechanisms that effect on parameters of metabolism and eating behavior.
AIMS: to study the characteristics of the psychologycal state, eating behavior and their relationship with hormonal and adipokine status in men with different fat distribution.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: a single-center, cross-sectional study of 99 men aged 27 to 68 years was performed. 4 groups of men were formed after anthropometric examination. Group 1 (comparison) consisted of men with normal body weight. Group 2 consisted of overweight men, class I obesity and lower subcutaneous fat distribution (SFD). Group 3 consisted of overweight men, men with class I obesity and abdominal fat distribution (AFD); group 4 - men with class II obesity and class III obesity AFD. Eating behavior were determined with DEBQ questionnaire, severity of anxiety-depressive disorders were investigated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; body image satisfaction was assessed with body image questionnaire. Serum glucose, triglycerides, insulin, leptin and adiponectin were estimated.
RESULTS: it was shown, that men with AFD had severe metabolic disorders: hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia and hypoadiponectinemia, than men with SFD. Men with AFD had an external type of eating behavior, with sever expressed depressive disorders and body image dissatisfaction. Men with SFD had an emotional type of eating behavior and higher body image satisfaction. A comparative analysis between men from 3 and 4 groups with AFD showed that in group 4 in men had higher hyperleptinemia and insulin resistance and there are no differences in severity of eating disorders, anxiety and depression between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS: adipose tissue topography is associated with the psychophysiological, metabolic, hormonal and adipokine characteristics that underlie the development of primary obesity in men.
What a Shame
Authors: Hörner Fernand
Published: September 2020

Dieser Artikel untersucht die narzisstische Selbstbesspiegelung von Musiker*innen exemplarisch anhand des Musikvideos »Shame« von Robbie Williams und Gary Barlow. Dabei wird anhand der YouTube-Karriere des Musikvideos und seiner Derivate die Inszenierung von Narzissmus sowohl bei den Makro-Celebrities (Williams, Barlowe) als auch den Personen untersucht, die durch Aufführen des Songs bei Casting Shows, Karaoke etc. Mikro-Celebrities werden. In der Psychologie steht der Narcissos-Mythos für die Unfähigkeit, das eigene Spiegelbild als solches zu erkennen, für ein mangelndes Selbstbewusstsein im wörtlichen Sinn (»self-awareness«), das zu Dissoziation mit den eigenen Gefühlen führt, was zu einem oftmals empathielos und bedingungslos realisiertem Streben nach Anerkennung führt. Daneben wird hier mit Narzissmus aber auch die Frage nach der medialen Selbstbespiegelung untersucht. Wie bei McLuhan wird diese Selbstbespiegelung als eine Form der Körperextension verstanden, die allerdings nicht Ausdruck ist von Selbstamputation und Narkose (ein Begriff, den McLuhan etymologisch an Narcissos zurückführt), sondern im Sinne einer selbstreflexiven Vervielfachung funktioniert, bei der sich unterschiedliche mediale Rollen überlagern.
Teaching with Grief
Authors: Gurses Hande
Published: September 2020

Hande Gurses explores in her chapter the possibilities offered within the space of the classroom via an analysis of the 2011 Canadian film »Monsieur Lazhar«. Focusing primarily on the impact that the refugee outsider has on the host community, this chapter examines the possibilities of the classroom as a space of encounter and healing. How does the displaced individual reconstruct a sense of identity? What are the limitations and possibilities that the displacement generates? Can the classroom become a space of healing? As the political and personal become intertwined, what are the pedagogical responsibilities of educational institutions? In the light of these preliminary questions this chapter provides an insight into the displaced other that is not bound by exoticisms or victimhood. Following the representations of the refugee offered in »Monsieur Lazhar« this chapter examines the role of biases on identities and how they are represented, perceived and refuted within the classroom.
Haptische Irritationen
Authors: Barsch Sebastian , Zehnle Stephanie
Published: September 2020

Sebastian Barsch und Stephanie Zehnle stellen eine explorative empirische Studie vor, die den Umgang von Studierenden mit Objekten aus kolonialgeschichtlichen Kontexten verdeutlicht. Dazu wurden sechs Studierende, die an einer Vorlesung zur afrikanischen Geschichte mit einem Schwerpunkt auf der materiellen Kultur teilnahmen, nach Abschluss des Semesters in leitfadengestützten Interviews hinsichtlich ihrer Erwartungen, Erfahrungen und Irritationen befragt. Die Interviews wurden mittels der Grounded-Theory-Methodologie ausgewertet. Ein zentrales Ergebnis ist, dass die Befragten grundlegend zwei verschiedene Argumentations- bzw. Reflexionsmuster hinsichtlich des Stellenwerts von Objekten für die Geschichte und die Geschichtsschreibung wählen. Die einen deuten den Stellenwert von Objekten tendenziell sozial-konstruktivistisch, die anderen eher technisch-positivistisch. Insgesamt zeigte sich, dass Objekte historische Reflexionen anregen können.
Scottish Independence
Authors: Rahmatian Andreas
Published: September 2020

»Brexit«, the departure of the UK from the EU, has given the movement for Scottish independence a new boost. However, an analysis of the nationalism that the governing Scottish National Party adopts, a self-styled »civic nationalism«, shows several contradictions: a European Scottish nationalism (or European non-nationalist regionalism), an unacknowledged federalism in a centralist - and constitutionally still feudal - country as the UK is, and the absence of any understanding for a need for a modern written constitution to define a possible new and modern independent Scottish state. There also appear some similarities between the Scottish independence referendum of 2014 and the Brexit referendum of 2016: maybe the nationalist Scottish Government did not quite want to win the referendum anyway, just as the proponents of Brexit within the ruling Conservative Party in the UK did not quite want to win the Brexit referendum, either, but only sought political gain in a personal gamble? The following is a perhaps idiosyncratic discussion by a European about Scotland's drive for - and largely already achieved - autonomy within the UK, with an emphasis on the legal perspective. As this discussion concerns the UK, it cannot be divided from »Brexit«. The chapter concerns the development of autonomy of a »European« region within a country that has positioned itself outside Europe as a cultural space.
Der klassische Populismus Lateinamerikas
Authors: Danler Paul
Published: September 2020

Paul Danler nimmt sich dem klassischen Populismus Lateinamerikas in einem Dreischritt an: Zunächst beleuchtet er die Ursprünge des Populismus, ergründet und porträtiert daraufhin den klassischen Populismus Lateinamerikas, um schließlich der Frage nach allgemeinen Merkmalen des Populismus nachzugehen. Dabei gewährt die Politolinguistik als Untersuchungsmethode - die in ihrem Ansatz Interessen und Analysestrategien der Politik- und Sprachwissenschaft kombiniert - sowie als moderne und aufschlussreiche Teildisziplin der angewandten Linguistik völlig neue Einblicke in die Mechanismen der Sprache der Politik.
First Nations Cuisines - Wandel und Professionalisierung indigener Ernährungskulturen in British Columbia, Kanada
Authors: Schellhaas Sebastian
Published: September 2020

Seit dem ersten Kontakt mit Europäern haben sich die indigenen Ernährungskulturen an der kanadischen Nordwestküste stark gewandelt. Häufig ist vom Verlust indigener Küchentraditionen die Rede. Sebastian Schellhaas' Studie zeichnet ein differenzierteres Bild. Anhand historischer Quellen und ethnographischer Forschungsepisoden gibt er einen beispiellosen Einblick in die facettenreiche Kulturgeschichte indigener Ernährungskulturen in British Columbia von der Ära des Erstkontakts im 18. Jahrhundert bis in die Gegenwart. Ein besonderer Fokus auf das noch junge Phänomen indigener Gastronomie ebnet dabei den Weg in ein noch unerschlossenes Forschungsgebiet der Geschichte Kanadas.
Menschenrechte und Lebensqualität in Alten(pflege)heimen Alles eine Frage der Perspektive?
Authors: Döbler Marie-Kristin
Published: September 2020

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich vor dem Hintergrund der Heterogenität des Alter(n)s mit der Frage, ob allgemeingültige Definitionen von Lebensqualität, angemessenem Lebensabend, menschenwürdigem Alter(n) etc. gefunden und bspw. in einer »Menschenrechtskonvention für Ältere« formuliert werden können oder ob alles eine Frage der Perspektive ist. Hierfür werden Interviews mit Bewohner*innen bayerischer Alten(pflege)heime sowie Gespräche mit Mitarbeiter*innen derselben Heime auf konsensuale Aspekte bezüglich guter Behandlung und Lebensqualität untersucht. Dabei wird eine Lanze dafür gebrochen, älteren Menschen und Heim-Bewohner*innen eine Stimme zu geben, um möglichst viele Lebensqualitäts-, Menschenrechts- und Care-Dimensionen zu berücksichtigen und sie nicht nur als Fürsorge-, sondern auch als Rechtssubjekt wahrzunehmen. Resümierend wird festgehalten, dass zwar auf die Perspektive zurückzuführende Unterschiede festzustellen sind, sich aber dennoch ein Grundkonsens abzeichnet.
Sociology of development: sociology, development studies or already dead?
Authors: Neubert Dieter
Published: September 2020

The term »sociology of development« refers to the existence of a more or less clearly defined sociological sub-discipline which emerged in the 1950s and 1960s. The sociology of development increasingly became a part of the interdisciplinary field of development studies, which for a long time was caught up in the debate on the »grand theories« of modernisation and dependency. Exhausted by this theoretical debate which did not reach a conclusion, sociologists working on the Global South re-invented the sociology of development in the 1980s with an »empirical turn«. However, the discussion on postdevelopment started at the same time, and this critical view was later supported by postcolonialism. Sociologists working on the Global South participated in all these debates and quite a few became outspoken critics of the development concept, while others still carry the flag of sociology of development against all odds. This leads to the question whether the sociology of development still exists as a sub-discipline, or whether there are just a few institutional artefacts left, such as sections in sociological associations, which provide a playground for elderly scholars who still live and work in yesterday's world.
Die unbekannte Geburt
Authors: Eckardt Sarah
Published: September 2020

Die Frau als passives Gefäß und das Gebären als mechanischer Prozess, der sich von außen steuern lässt - das sind zentrale metaphorische Umschreibungen, die das Denken und Handeln rund um die Geburt stark geprägt haben. Sarah Eckardt fragt nun, wie sich Gebärende selbst positionieren und wie sie gegenwärtig diskursiv konstituiert und adressiert werden. In einer Verschränkung der Analyse des dispositiven Feldes der Geburt und qualitativer Interviews zeigt sich ein differenziertes Bild von Gebärenden als aktive Subjekte, die sich zwischen Eigenwilligkeit und Machtlosigkeit in den hegemonialen bio-medizinischen Macht-Wissens-Komplexen der Geburtshilfe bewegen.
Schrift in bildender Kunst
Authors: Sollors Werner
Published: September 2020

Was fasziniert uns an Kunstwerken, die Texte in ihre Bildwelt einbeziehen oder menschliche Figuren darstellen, die schreiben, lesen oder Schrift betrachten? Dieses populäre Motiv erscheint bereits auf ägyptischen Statuen, Trinkschalen aus Griechenland und Fresken aus Rom und ist in christlicher Kunst weit verbreitet. Dabei spielen Darstellungen der Verkündigungsszene mit einer biblisch nicht überlieferten buchlesenden Maria eine besondere Rolle. Von Fragen zum Verhältnis von Schrift und bildender Kunst ausgehend betrachtet Werner Sollors in seinem bebilderten Essay viele Kunstwerke genauer und kommt dabei zu überraschenden Ergebnissen.
Poetic Resurrection
Authors: Nitzsche Sina A.
Published: September 2020

While many Americans dismissed the borough of The Bronx in the late 1970s through the belief that »The Bronx is burning,« this study challenges that assumption. As the first explicit study on The Bronx in American popular culture, this book shows how a wide variety of cultural representations engaged in a complex dialogue on its past, present, and future. Sina A. Nitzsche argues that popular culture ushered in the poetic resurrection of The Bronx, an artistic and imaginative rebirth, that preceded, promoted, and facilitated the spatial revival of the borough.
Student und Demokratie
Authors: Schenke Julian
Published: September 2020

Studierende gelten als eine soziale Gruppe, die zu kritischen und rebellischen Haltungen neigt - dies legt zumindest ein Blick in die jüngere deutsche Geschichte nahe. Doch trifft dieser Eindruck von potenziell aktivistischen Studierenden auch tatsächlich zu oder handelt es sich dabei eher um einen lieb gewonnenen Mythos? Julian Schenke geht dieser Frage nach und sucht nach Anhaltspunkten für besondere Potenziale politischer Aktivität unter deutschen Studierenden. Dabei bewegt er sich in der interdisziplinären Schnittmenge von Geschichts- und Politikwissenschaft und liefert eindrucksvolle Ergebnisse für die Demokratieforschung aus Geschichte und Gegenwart.
Praktiken des Trinkens in Schülervereinen der Küsnachter Seminaristen zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: De Vincenti Andrea
Published: September 2020

Andrea De Vincenti fokussiert in ihrem Beitrag auf Praktiken des Trinkens in zwei Vereinen von Zöglingen am kantonalen Lehrerseminar Küsnacht. Ausgehend von der Feststellung, dass das Trinken im einen Verein gebilligt, im andern aber hart sanktioniert wurde und letztlich zu dessen Auflösung führte, fragt die Autorin nach den jeweiligen Trinkpraktiken und den Gründen für diese zwei disparaten Umgangsweisen der Seminarleitung mit Praktiken des Trinkens. In einer durch unterschiedliche Quellengattungen gegebenen mehrperspektivischen Auswertung der Praktiken des Trinkens werden die direkt wahrnehmbaren Bewegungen und Äußerungen mit den darin codierten Wissen und Bedeutungsstrukturen verbunden und so stets auf den konkreten historischen Fall bezogen. Die Praktik des Trinkens erweist sich im Ergebnis als Chimäre, sodass der praxeologischen Perspektive die Möglichkeit einer radikalen Historisierung zugeschrieben werden kann.
Registrieren oder Verstehen?
Authors: Maeder Christoph
Published: September 2020

Christoph Maeder entfaltet aus wissenssoziologischer Perspektive wissenschaftliche Rezeptions- und Verwendungspfade praxeologischer Konzepte. In seinem Beitrag plädiert er dafür, bei der Rekonstruktion sozialer »Wirklichkeit« mittels Handlungen und Praktiken nie allein auf formale Strukturen von praktischen Handlungen zu fokussieren, sondern immer auch den Prozeduren, die den situativen Sinn erzeugen, Rechnung zu tragen. Dazu stellt er hochkomplex und detailverliebt gebenden, das Subjekt verflüssigenden Praxistheorien eine ethnomethodologischen Sicht auf Praktiken gegenüber, wonach Praktiken nicht die Auflösung des Subjekts in einer situativen Mimesis von Körpern und Dingen bedeuteten, sondern in Ergänzung zum Subjekt konzipiert seien. Praktische Handlungen weisen in dieser Perspektive jeweils vier formale Ebenen auf, welche stets allesamt in die Rekonstruktionen gelebter und sozialer »Wirklichkeit« einzubeziehen wären. Die vier Bereiche der Indexikalität, der Sequenzialität, der Reflexivität und der Reziprozität verweisen letztlich in unterschiedlichen Dimensionen auf eine auch in einigen praxeologischen Ansätzen betonte Kontextualität praktischer Handlungen. Dies sowie auch Fragen nach der Konzeption des Subjekts oder eben der Akteurinnen und Akteure und auch nach Handlungssinn und seinem Verhältnis zu implizitem und explizitem Wissen bieten Anknüpfungspunkte zu vielen Beiträgen dieses Bandes.
Die Pose des Konquistadors
Authors: Haitzinger Nicole
Published: September 2020

Die Pose des Konquistadors stellt die normative und repräsentative Grundposition eines souveränen männlich attribuierten Subjekts innerhalb der kolonialen Matrix der europäischen Neuzeit dar, eines Idealtypus also, in dem sich die Erfindung der modernen Individuation ankündigt. Nachdem in diesem Artikel die Genealogie der Pose des Konquistadors in der europäischen Neuzeit eine erste Skizzierung und historische Situierung innerhalb der kolonialen Matrix erfährt, wird sie schließlich in ihrer bewegungstechnischen Ausführung und in ihrer Wirkungsästhetik anhand des Tanztraktats Discursos sobre el arte del dançado (1642) exemplifiziert; schließlich wird abschließend und thesengeleitet die dekoloniale Option der szenischen Künste unter der Präambel der »Technologien des Theaters« diskutiert.
Die Form des Buches
Authors: Bickenbach Matthias
Published: September 2020

Matthias Bickenbach nimmt die Form des Buches, nicht zuletzt angesichts digitaler Texte, als bislang zu wenig reflektierte Zwei-Seiten-Form in den Blick. Der Ansatz ermöglicht auch eine Beobachtung von Leseszenen in der Literatur wie anhand von Novalis »Heinrich von Ofterdingen« mit Blick auf die Idee des absoluten Buches in der Frühromantik ausgeführt wird.
Frei, fair und lebendig - Die Macht der Commons
Authors: Helfrich Silke , Bollier David
Published: September 2020

Dieses Buch soll Mut machen. Es vereint ein beziehungsreiches Denken mit einer neuen Art zu handeln. Das Ziel: eine freie, faire und lebendige Gesellschaft. Doch das Gewohnte hat sich tief eingegraben in unseren Köpfen, in unseren Alltag, in Markt und Staat. Silke Helfrich und David Bollier legen überkommene Denkmuster frei und entwerfen ein Programm für ein gelingendes Miteinander, ein anderes Politikverständnis und ein sorgendes Wirtschaften. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei Commons-Praktiken. Sie zeigen, wie wir in Verschiedenheit gemeinsame Ziele verfolgen. Ganz praktisch können so Häuser und Fahrzeuge in ähnlicher Weise wie die Wikipedia entstehen. Das Buch stiftet zudem an, wie ein »Commoner« zu denken. Es bietet eine Sprache für die Welt von morgen. Es verändert nicht nur die Wirtschaft und die Politik - es verändert uns.
El palencianismo historiográfico de Manuel Revuelta
Authors: Astorgano Abajo Antonio
Published: September 2020

Dentro de la extensa producción historiográfica del jesuita Manuel Revuelta (500 escritos aproximadamente), la temática sobre la Historia de la Provincia de Palencia ocupa un lugar preferente (unos 80). En el presente trabajo analizamos y clasificamos lo publicado sobre el tema, lo principal en la revista Publicaciones de la Institución Tello Téllez de Meneses (PITTM), ligada a la Diputación Provincial de Palencia. Queda patente el permanente cariño que el jesuita mantuvo durante toda su vida a sus raíces familiares palentinas.
Manuel Revuelta y «Miscelánea Comillas». Historia de una larga y fructífera colaboración (1972- 2019)
Authors: Martín de Santa Olalla Saludes Pablo
Published: September 2020

El profesor Manuel Revuelta, sacerdote jesuita e historiador de la Iglesia, fue uno de los más destacados especialistas en su campo de investigación, al que dedicó más de medio siglo de vida. Esta aportación pretende poner de manifiesto uno de sus múltiples elementos distintivos, y es su muy valiosa aportación al crecimiento y fortalecimiento de la revista Miscelánea Comillas, publicada por la Universidad de Comillas desde comienzos de los años cuarenta. Así, el presente estudio destaca que la mayor parte de las contribuciones a esta prestigiosa publicación por parte del Profesor Revuelta se centraron en la Historia de la Iglesia española en el siglo XIX y, más en concreto, en el papel que jugó en esta compleja etapa histórica la orden religiosa de los jesuitas. En ese sentido, Revuelta trabajó temas muy diversos entre sí, como los conflictos entre liberalismo y catolicismo, las expulsiones y disoluciones de la orden jesuítica, o la puesta en marcha de numerosas instituciones educativas. La consecuencia de todo el trabajo del profesor Revuelta fue un buen número de publicaciones marcadas por el rigor, la profundidad y, al mismo tiempo, la objetividad, haciendo de estas contribuciones un punto de partida esencial para las futuras generaciones de historiadores de la Iglesia católica.
La supresión de la Inquisición y el camino a la libertad religiosa
Authors: Pizarro Llorente Henar
Published: September 2020

El P. Manuel Revuelta, SJ, publicó un artículo en 2013 sobre las dos supresiones que sufrió la Inquisición española durante la Guerra de la Independencia. El trabajo que presentamos pretende ser un homenaje a su forma de abordar este acontecimiento en el contexto histórico de las reformas que acompañaron la llegada de los ejércitos napoleónicos y la celebración de las Cortes de Cádiz. El análisis se pone en relación con uno de los ejes transversales en su obra como fue la política religiosa decimonónica y el arduo camino hacia la tolerancia y la libertad de culto.
«Un faccioso más y algunos frailes menos». Novela e historia en el centenario de Galdós
Authors: Romero Tabares Isabel
Published: September 2020

Este artículo es un breve comentario de uno de los Episodios Nacionales quizás menos conocido de Benito Pérez Galdós. Galdós recrea en él la matanza de religiosos de julio de 1834, ocurrida en el contexto de la I Guerra Carlista y en el año de la epidemia de cólera que asoló España (especialmente, Madrid). El profesor Manuel Revuelta escribió sobre esos asesinatos, especialmente los de 14 jesuitas que perecieron en el Colegio Imperial de San Isidro. En este breve trabajo he querido relacionar la novela de Galdós con la investigación de nuestro querido profesor.
El Padre Coloma y el Duque de Alba
Authors: García Hernán Enrique
Published: September 2020

Este artículo presenta la relación de amistad entre el padre Coloma y el XVII duque de Alba, ambos fueron académicos de la Real Academia Española, estuvieron unidos por la investigación histórica del Gran Duque de Alba y de la reina María Estuardo. Tras un duelo en París en 1905, el duque de Alba buscó al padre Coloma como confesor. Se demuestra que el padre Coloma tenía buena relación con el mundo de la corte. He utilizado la documentación del Archivo del Palacio de Liria.
Barriers and enablers for supply chain integration in prefabricated elements manufacturing in New Zealand
Authors:   School of Built Environment, Massey University, New Zealand, Sooriyamudalige Nishadi , Domingo Niluka ,   School of Built Environment, Massey University, New Zealand, SHahzad Wajiha ,   School of Built Environment, Massey University, New Zealand, Childerhouse Paul ,   School of Food and Technology, Massey University, New Zealand
Published: September 2020

The attention onprefabricated modules and components is resurging in the New Zealand residential construction industry. This isdriven by its relative benefitsand technological advancements.However inspite of thisattention, there has not been commensurate understanding of its manufacturing supply chainand the enhancement of theirperformance. Similarly, there has been little research considering the supply chain and supply chain integration in module/component manufacturing in residential constructionin New Zealand. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive overviewof the modular manufacturing process andthebarriers and enablers for supply chain integration in module manufacturing.The identified barriers are discussed with theirrelevant enablers. Informationfor the study investigation was collected through twelve semi-structured face to face interviews withprefabricationexperts. The information obtained was analysed using contentanalysis that enabled the development of a frameworkthat illustrates barriers and enablers for supply chain integration. Ad-hoc relationships, poor planning and scheduling, transporting of volumetric modules and information sharing are a few significantbarriers in the manufacturing process of modular bathroom pods and wall panels in New Zealand. The proposed framework providesa guide for the wall panel and bathroom pods manufacturing companies to improve integration across their entiremanufacturing process.
Networking for knowledge capacity building of procurement professionals in Ghana
Authors:   Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana, Kissi Ernest , Offei Isaac ,   Takoradi Technical University, Ghana, Boateng Emmanuel ,   Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana, Badu Edward ,   Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
Published: September 2020

The role of public procurement professionals in achieving value for money in public procurement activities is widely acknowledged around the globe. This has inspired the organisation of training programmes and workshops for procurement professionals, particularly those in developing countries in order to hone their knowledge and skills for proper management of government projects. This paper sought to explore the opportunities in networking for knowledge in capacity building of procurement professionals in Ghana. The study adopted mixed research methods for both data collection and analysis. The paper revealed that professional networking can offer procurement professionals the opportunity to acquire new knowledge from external professionals, knowing global trends about procurement practice and glean new information from other institutions about procurement. It is recommended that a platform that can support a network of procurement professionals in Ghana should be developed in order to ensure effective interaction and communication among procurement professionals for their capacity building.