bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Debt Restructuring on Debt Maturity, Cost of Capital and Cash Holding of Non-Financial Institutions in Developing Countries: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Alfawzan Loulwah Suliman , Ab Razak Nazrul Hisyam , Tunde Matemilola Bolaji , Ashhari Zariyawati Binti Mohd
Published: December 2023

This paper delves into the integral role of debt restructuring in shaping the financial architecture of non-financial firms, particularly within developing nations. In volatile economic environments, understanding the nuances of debt restructuring becomes paramount for these entities. Key findings indicate that smaller non-financial enterprises, often constrained by financial limitations, rely on debt as a tool for operational continuity, with a marked preference for long-term maturity. The research further elucidates the broader repercussions of debt restructuring on a firm's cost of capital. For nascent enterprises, immediate capital for new ventures is challenging to procure. Debt restructuring, especially with extended debt periods, emerges as a strategic fulcrum, enabling these firms to navigate fiscal challenges and capitalize on future growth prospects. The nexus between debt restructuring and a firm's cash reserves is accentuated during economic downturns. Effective liquidity management becomes vital, as companies balance between expenditure and savings. The technological disparity between firms in developed versus developing nations further complicates this dynamic. While advanced entities harness cutting-edge technologies, their counterparts in developing regions grapple with outdated infrastructures and, at times, lax corporate governance. This study underscores that for many firms in developing nations, debt restructuring transcends its role as a mere financial tool, evolving into a critical lifeline that facilitates economic resilience and growth.
Framing the Role of Regional Actors in the Lebanese Sunni Politics: Perspectives from Sunni Groupings and Leaders
Authors: El Sayed Moaz
Published: December 2023

The aim of this article is to understand how Lebanese Sunni political actors construct their narratives on the role of Iran, Syria, and Saudi Arabia in the Lebanese Sunni politics and how those narratives are framed and counter framed. The article adopts Max Weber’s interpretivist or Verstehen research approach which emphasises that reality is a social construct. Using a case study research design with qualitative approach, the data is collected from the field employing interviews (semi-structured) and documents analysis. A purposive sampling technique was operationalised to choose 23 research participants including Sunni grouping leaders or representatives, politicians, Lebanese ministers, and members of Parliament (MPs) from various sides within the Lebanese Sunni political spectrum. The findings suggest that Iran appealed to various Sunnis by amplifying the frames of supporting Palestine, resisting Israel and countering western imperialism. Yet, some Sunnis frame Iran as deconstructing the Sunni politics and creating intra-Sunni friction. Syria’s role was framed by some Sunnis as 'divide-and-rule', claiming that Syria categorised Sunnis based on their association or lack thereof with them. Pro-Syrian Sunnis amplifies Syria’s perceived ‘pan-Arabism’ credential and contribution to ending Lebanese civil war. Saudi Arabia’s role in Lebanon is understood in the context of unifying Sunnis and integrating them into the Lebanese politics. The research recommends the Lebanese Sunnis to think globally and act locally in ways that will reestablish genuine democracy and development, placing the interest of Lebanon as the top priority.
Enhancing International Mindset in English Classes at a Japanese Music College: Impact of Integrating Documentary Photography and Piano Performance
Authors: Nakanishi Chiharu , Yamamura Kaoru , Thukral Lily
Published: December 2023

This study explores the impact of an innovative Japanese music college workshop incorporating documentary photography and piano performance to foster the students’ international mindset. In today’s globalized society, it is becoming increasingly crucial to facilitate intercultural exchange and mutual understanding. Harnessing the power of music presents an opportunity to bridge cultural divides, and this approach may be particularly beneficial within the unique cultural context of Japan. In high-context cultures like Japan, students may not always recognize the potential information gap between themselves and others. This information gap can lead to implicit communication, obstructing a comprehensive understanding of conveyed messages. Although previous research offers models and theories regarding intercultural receptivity and communication skills, there is a lack of studies focusing on the effects and methodologies of workshops blending documentary photography and piano performance, specifically within Japanese music colleges. Therefore, the present study conducts such a workshop and assesses its effectiveness by analyzing English reports from second-year students participating in the mandatory English class at a Japanese music college. The students’ level of English proficiency is CEFR A2. The assessment focuses on whether participants, from a low-context cultural perspective, can effectively express their individuality through originality by recognizing the differences in their information compared to others based on the information they acquire during the workshop. The results demonstrate an overall increase in students’ international awareness, with particularly high-performing students showcasing a deep understanding and insightful perspectives on the situation in Ukraine. This research aims to provide practical insights and directions for educators at Japanese music colleges to more meaningfully and effectively incorporate such workshops within their English curriculum.
The Level of Organizational Performance of Sports Institutions in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Mhamed Kaabi , Qadhi Assel , Djeddi Rachad , Abderrahman Abderraouf Ben
Published: December 2023

The study aims to identify the level of organizational performance of the work of Emirati sports institutions from employees' point of view. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach and a questionnaire as a tool for collecting data. The study sample consisted of (83) workers. The study reached several results, including: The level of organizational performance of the  work of Emirati sports institutions from employees' point of view was moderate and does not meet aspirations to reach achievements at the Olympic level. Among the recommendations reached by the study is to give workers in Emirati sports institutions courses from international federations to develop their skills to keep pace with everything new in the science of sports management in order to ensure that sports institutions achieving  their goals in the sports strategy for the year 2030 and working  to establish projects that aims  to adopt the sports talents of the youth  to lead them to Asian and Olympic levels of competition
The Role of Extremist Groups in Fueling Violence in Sudan
Authors: Gabbay Shaul M.
Published: December 2023

In this paper we consider the role extremist groups play in perpetuating violence in Sudan, a country long plagued by terrorism and political instability. We examine the various groups’ ideologies, world views, and objectives, and discuss the influence these groups have on the social, political, and economic welfare of Sudan. Starting with an historical overview, we explain how extremism in Sudan first took root. We examine the primary players and their regional and international influences. Further, we examine the significant toll extremist-driven violence has taken and continues to take on civilian population as well as on governance and the economy. Furthermore, we study the ways Sudanese government has attempted to disempower extremist groups and analyze the effectiveness of international interventions. By analyzing the root causes of extremism as well as current events, we seek to provide a thoughtful land nuanced understanding of this pernicious issue. This study serves as a critical examination of the complexities surrounding extremist violence in Sudan, contributing to the broader discourse on counterterrorism and peacebuilding in conflict-prone regions.
The Electrification of the World
Authors: Baldwin Ian
Published: December 2023

It is unlikely there is a more momentous event in the creation of modern civilization than the invention of the electric light and its handmaiden, the worldwide grid. The 21st century Green Economy rests firmly on the foundation of the electric grid. Few know that the dynamo, the electric light – both arc and incandescent – and the electric grid were invented and launched in the late 1870s and early 1880s. This essay describes how and why these inventions happened. It is divided into two parts, each with its separate references, for the sake of clarity, as a great many important discoveries and technicalities had to be worked out each step of the way. Part One covers the development of the arc lamp and its “engine,” the dynamo. Part Two covers the invention of the long-burning carbon-based filament of the incandescent light bulb, as well as more powerful dynamos to supply power to thousands and soon millions of these new bulbs, and Edison’s visionary and pioneering construction of the revolutionary first electric grid. These developments seeded the construction of the universal worldwide grid in the 1890s and early 20th century. Their origins and history are integral to understanding the basis of our 21st century material civilization.
Pedagogical Challenges and Teaching Practices of Multigrade Teachers in Rural Public Elementary Schools
Authors: Urma Christine R. , Callo Eden C
Published: December 2023

This research paper focused on the pedagogical challenges and teaching practices of multigrade teachers in rural public elementary schools. The study aims to identify the perceived level of teachers’ pedagogical challenges and teaching practices. The descriptive-correlational design was used to survey the 59 multigrade teachers. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient were used to identify significant relationship between the teachers’ pedagogical challenges and their teaching practices. The study revealed that teachers’ expertise, teaching and learning process, school instruction, and school resources of the respondents have significant relationships to the teachers’ teaching practices in preparatory activities, instructional delivery, classroom management, and remedial/enrichment activities. It has been concluded that there is a strong relationship between teachers' pedagogical challenges and their teaching practices. Pedagogical challenges can have a significant impact on a teacher's ability to effectively deliver instruction and promote student learning. Addressing the pedagogical challenges faced by teachers requires a comprehensive approach that includes professional development opportunities, collaboration, access to resources, improved school instruction, increased school resources, and encouragement of continuous improvement.
Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Thiazolidinedionederivatives as PPARγ Modulators
Authors: Shilkar Deepak , Yasmin Sabina
Published: December 2023

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a well-known target of peroxisome proliferated receptors (PPARγ), have been clinically used as antidiabetic agents. PPARs belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily and are important targets (PPARs) for drugs that treat various metabolic disorders such as diabetes. We present comparative research on the meta-para substitution of benzylidene derivatives of thiazolidine-2,4-diones to identify their potential as modulators of PPARγ. PPARs are key drug targets in treating a range of metabolic disorders. In our previous study, we described 4-hydroxy benzylidene derivatives of thiazolidine-2,4-diones that exhibited a reversed orientation in the active site of PPARγ. The established pharmacophore was also discussed concerning the reversed conformation of the TZD fitting. In current silico studies, a focus is placed on meta-para-substituted benzylidene derivatives to identify H-bonding interactions analogous to those observed in the acidic head of rosiglitazone. All designed compounds exhibited strong hydrogen bonding interactions and displayed superior interaction energies compared to their monohydroxy counterparts. The results of a predicted ADMET report indicated that all molecules exhibited favourable hERG I & II properties, suggesting excellent metabolic stability.
“45 Steps into the Future ...”: Devoted to the Anniversary of the Faculty of Psychological, Pedagogical and Special-Needs Education
Authors:   Saratov State University, Gorina Ekaterina N. , Firsovа Tatiyana G. ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the 45th anniversary of the Faculty of Psychological, Peda- gogical and Special Needs Education of Saratov State University. The purpose of the article is to present the analytical review of the history of the Faculty as a structural unit in the retrospective and perspective aspects. The article presents the main stages of the Faculty development: formation, structural trans- formations, the current state. The structure of the present-day Faculty is described: 8 graduate departments and 2 school-based departments, 2 dissertation boards, the Council of Employers, and stakeholders. The faculty is presented as a large educational center for training teachers, psychologists, spe- cial-needs experts: the article indicates the training areas and profiles as well as peculiar features of the educational space and environment. The faculty is presented as a research center: the developed scientific schools and the research cluster (laboratories, centers) are described. “45 steps into the future” is a metaphor that symbolizes the life of the Faculty presenting it as 45 steps to a new goal, to a dream and to its realization by people who create the glory of the Faculty through their service.
Contemporary Teenage Folklore as a Reflection of the Behavioral Component of Modern Teenagers’ Subculture
Authors:   Saratov State University, Firsovа Tatiyana G. , Shamionov Rail М. ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2023

The work reveals certain elements of the subculture supported by modern teenagers: language features, “revenge-answers”, jokes, quatrains (chants, “sadistic” rhymes), etc. Adolescence is defined as a special period of the personality formation and socialization. The study hypothesizes that social behavior of a teenager is represented through such elements of subculture as folklore genres (school, post-folklore). Teenage folklore is interpreted from the standpoint of the phenomenology of children’s self-consciousness at various stages of its develop- ment and ontogenesis. From this perspective teenage folklore is a mechanism for the development of ethno-cultural socialization and ethnic self-identification, a condition of meaning-making and cultural activity. The research has systematized the methodological base for the study of chil- dren’s folklore and its individual genres. The purpose of the article is to offer to specialists, who are engaged in psychological and pedagogical support of adolescents’ learning and personal development, the materials of relevant school folklore characterizing the specifics of the behavioral subculture. Another aim is to offer psychological and pedagogical interpretation of such materials for further modeling of their pro- fessional activity. The research methods include a survey and standardized observation. The study sample in- cludes 120 teenagers studying in the 6th-9th grades of Saratov schools (N = 120; M = 13,4 years old; boys – 42 %, girls – 58 %). The design of the study is indicated: its purpose, objectives, es- sence, prospects. For individual genres, the results of the local study are compared with the results of all-Russian surveys. The study draws conclusions about the main trends in the modern language of teenage com- munication and about psychological difficulties reflected in the supported folklore. The research sets the task of studying the artifacts of teenage culture in order to establish a holistic invariant scheme of its main elements. Psychological and pedagogical prospects of the conducted research are outlined.
Biographical Approach to Aesthetic Education of Primary School Children
Authors:   Saratov State University, Cheremisinova Larisa Ivanovna
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the research is determined by the increased interest in the use of biographical materials (biographical References, memoirs, fragments from popular science non-fic- tion books, various forms of visual aids – reproductions of portraiture, photographs, videos) in literary reading lessons as well as by the fact that the methods of how to teach writers’ biographies in primary school are not fully developed. The purpose of the article is to examine characteristic features of the biographical approach to aesthetic education of primary school children and to determine the role of writers’ biographies in the system of aesthetic education. The analysis of the scientific and educational sources has shown that currently many educational systems (for example, “School of Dialogue”, “Perspective”) use fragments of biographies that are on the pag- es of textbooks on literary reading. However, teacher’s books usually include a brief indication: “A story about a writer” – and rarely contain ready-made biographical entries. To help the teacher and the student, various demonstration materials and reference manuals are published providing information mainly about writers’ appearance, chronology of their life and work, however, they fail to show them as “living people”. Such materials have education value, but they are not able to evoke an emotional response in a young reader. They do not take into account the age characteristics of primary school children and the specifics of literary reading lessons. Extensive media content contains useful, aesthetically significant as well as negative information. This research has developed criteria to select and organize biographical material for a literary reading lesson; additionally, it has defined pedagogical conditions necessary for the aesthetic impact of biographies on a younger student.
The Concept of Love as Reflected in the Views of Prospective Teachers
Authors:   Saratov State University, Firsova Tatyana G. , Grinina Elena S. ,   Saratov State University, Rudzinskaya Tanzilya F. ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2023

The article focuses on the problem of how prospective teachers form the concept of love. The study is of relevance due to the role the teacher plays in forming the values and ideology of the younger generation. The introduction of the article specifies various definitions of the phenomenon of love in interdisciplinary research. The purpose of the article is to analyze the concept of love reflected in the views of prospec- tive teachers as well as the sources of its formation. Methods. The authors designed a questionnaire aimed at identifying the socio-psychological characteristics of the respondents, their understanding of love based on the classification of John Alan Lee; the questionnaire also contains the selection of associations to the word “love” based on the examples of love relationships presented in works of art; the questionnaire also seeks to identify the sources of information about love which the prospective teachers use. 47 first-year students majoring in teaching (44.03.01 – Pedagogical education) took part in the study. Results. The prospective teachers demonstrated their preference for a caring type of love with a tendency to altruism, they also showed ambiguity in relation to the “eros” type of love, which is due to the specifics of the sample under study. The most significant sources of information about love are family, friends and literary works. Conclusion. The research results suggest that the ideas of love demonstrated by the prospec- tive teachers correlate with the chosen field of the professional activity, which involves empathy, support, care for students, a high level of cultural, spiritual and moral development.
Activation of Learning and Cognitive Activity of Intending Teachers During tea Transition from Distange to Classroom Learning
Authors:   Saratov State University, Sayapin Vasily N. , Sayapina Nataliya N. ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The study analyzes activation of the learning and cognitive activity of intending teachers in the context of transition from distance learning, that was carried out in universities of our country during the pandemic, to real classroom education. The purpose of the article is to show that under the conditions mentioned activation of learning and cognitive activity of intending teachers is of vital importance and has some new meaning. Methodology: concept of learning activity, approaches to organise education process (activity, competence, and personal ones). Methods of the study: theoretical – analysis of scientific literature on the problem, anal- ysis of educational programmes for Baccalaureat 44.03.01 (Pedagogical education) of different profiles; projecting educatiinal resources snd means aimed at activating learning and cognitive activity of intending teachers; practical – pedagogical observation, interview. Results of the study. The following components of the learning and cognitive activity of intending teachers are presented: the goal-setting, content-related, operational and activity-based, and evaluative components. The significance is attached to the fact that activation of the learning and cognitive activity of intending teachers is a holistic and complete process. It involves each of the components of the analyzed activity and ensures their consistent realization, starting with the goal-setting component and ending with the evaluative one. In accordance with these components, the article presents the ideas about the activation of learning and cognitive activity of intending teachers in the context of transition from distance to traditional classroom learning. The article concludes by stating that due to quite a long distance-learning period during the pandemic and the necessity to use distance-learning technologies, teachers and students have accumulated a lot of experience working with information and communication technologies. In the realities of the face-to-face classroom education this experience takes them to a new level of interaction in the process when intending teachers study the subjects included in the curriculum. This sets the aims of searching for optimal ways of activating their learning and cognitive activity.
A Tutor’s Role in the System of Pedagogical Support of Students
Authors:   Saratov State University, Fisenko Alexey A.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the role and importance of tutors’ work in the system of pedagogical support of students. The introduction of the article clarifies such concepts as “guidance” and “support” in terms of providing support to those students who have special educational needs and those who do not. It is said about pedagogical support in the system of psychological and pedagogical support of inclusive education. The article also explains what is required of tutors to do and what part they play in the system of pedagogical support. The purpose of the article is to determine a tutor’s role in the system of pedagogical support, as well as to assess how students perceive the tutor’s work in terms of interpersonal interaction; based on the research results, the article strives to give tutors recommendations to facilitate their work in the system of pedagogical support of students. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was the works of O.S. Gazman and his followers concerning pedagogical support. The way how students perceive a tutor’s work in the system of pedagogical support was assessed with the help of the questionnaire. 190 people (first– and second – year students) took part in the survey. We assume that the interviewed students have an insufficiently developed level of independence, and, consequently, students will choose ped- agogical support, rather than pedagogical support, as a curator’s activity. Based on the research results, tutors are given recommendations on how to organize necessary events for students. With the help of the proposed activities, in our opinion, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of the curator’s activities. The activities are aimed at developing and supporting students of the following skills: communication skills, self-regulation skills, skills to find the necessary informa- tion, conflict resolution skills, terrain and indoor orientation skills, as well as professional skills corresponding to the student’s specialty. Based on the results of the study, we conclude that in their activities, the curator is recommended to use a strategy of support, not guidance, for the development of students’ independence. This study is aimed at studying the effectiveness of the system of pedagogical support of students, as well as at making a tutor’s work efficient.
Correlation Between Characteristics of Personal Self-Determination and the Perception of the Pandemic by Students with Disabilities
Authors:   Saratov State University, Selivanova Yuliya V. , Sharov Alexey A. ,   Saratov State University, Hmelkova Olga V. ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2023

The article draws attention to the necessity to study factors and mechanisms of personal self-determination in conditions of limited life resources when interacting with an increasingly complex social environment (as exemplified by the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic), as well as its influence on the psyche and socio-psychological characteristics of young students, including those with disabilities. The purpose of the study is to identify and substantiate the correlation between the characteristics of personal self-determination and the perception of the pandemic by students with disabilities. Methodology. The original technique, developed by the authors, was applied to study factors and mechanisms of personal self-determination in conditions of limited life resources. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the “COVID-19 Pandemic Perception Questionnaire” were used to measure the perception of the pandemic. Statistical data processing was used to identify correlations between the categories under study. Research results. The study has revealed the correlations between the factors of personal self-determination and the scales of pandemic perception by students with disabilities: reinterpretation of their own life goals and activities taking into account preventive measures; threat to the implementation of the plans for the future of students with disabilities, increase in the role of control over the situation, limitation of the students’ social activity during the pandemic, reinterpretation of the personal attitude to the chosen profession, activation personal adaptation resources within the framework of learning activities and overcoming difficulties during academic interaction. Conclusion. The data obtained contributes to the study of the perception of the pandemic by students with disabilities; the data can also be used to build a model of support for students with disabilities within an increasingly complex social environment. This model development should be based on the identified factors of personal self-determination and their correlation with the characteristics of perception and attitude towards COVID-19.
Lesson Fragments Modelling in the System of Practical Training of Speech Therapy Students
Authors:   Saratov State University, Koshcheeva Olga V.
Published: December 2023

The study investigates the effective techniques to train primary skills of organizing and conducting speech therapy classes with speech therapy students. The article demonstrates that lesson modelling is a necessary and important technique that functions as an intermediate link between lesson plan preparation and its implementation. The purpose of the study is to determine the tasks and the most effective ways to use lesson modelling in the system of practical training of speech therapy students. Methodology and research methods: experimental analysis of typical mistakes made at the primary stage of lesson plan implementation by speech therapy students; comparative analysis of the tasks set before speech therapy students in the course of their professional training at the stages of note taking, modelling and implementation of lesson fragments; systematization of the main aspects of lesson modelling taught in various modules of specialized speech therapy disciplines. Research results. The research has revealed that lesson modelling of speech therapy classes increases the effectiveness of students’ training in their work with children and adults with speech disorders, as well as in family counseling and other areas of their professional activity. It is shown that there are certain skills that are best practiced at the first stages of lesson modelling; they include the skills of competent selection of speech material, tasks distribution in the overall structure of a lesson and the development of various models of a speech therapist’ speech behavior when working with different categories of persons with speech disorders. The article concludes by summarizing the data on the role, tasks, content and characteristic features of lesson modelling in the system of practical training of speech therapy students, and the prospects for the development of this method.
The Influence of Mobile Devices and Social Networks on the Development of Perception of Primary School Pupils
Authors:   Saratov State University, Lokatkova Olga N.
Published: December 2023

Substitution of the traditional way of perception by interaction with virtual reality can disrupt the natural course of a child’s mental development. The purpose of the research is to use the theoretical analysis of the issue in order to reveal the indicators of the perception development at the primary school age, as well as to conduct an empirical diagnostics of the students’ perception, of the peculiarities of rationing the interaction time of the younger generation with virtual reality in the family, and of the nature of the digital information assimilated by children. Methodology. The research presents the analysis of the empirical data obtained as a result of a survey of first-graders’ parents. The survey was aimed at identifying the features of controlling by the older generation of the use of mobile devices, as well as the content of virtual pages viewed by children. Moreover, diagnostics of the level of visual, auditory, and spatial perception was carried out in groups of students by means of the techniques “Graphic Test”, “Reproduction of Rhythms According to an Auditory Sample”, “Visual Gnosis Study”. The reliability of the research results is provided by the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the empirical data. Conclusion. The research demonstrates that the longer the child is in virtual reality, the less parents can control the assimilated information that the child gets when using electronic devices; the less developed is children’s ability to assimilate the motor program, its automation, the ability to switch from one movement to another when performing educational assignments that involve reproduction of graphic samples; the lower is the activity rate; and the higher is the fatigue.
CONCEPT OF WORKING TIME IN PLATFORM WORK
Authors: KÜÇÜK Doğukan
Published: December 2023

The labor law aims to protect the employee's health with the working periods and rest periods included in the organization of work, where the rules of public character are intense. To achieve this purpose, for example, weekly and daily working hours are limited by the legislator. These constraints are basically for persons covered by Turkish labor law and with employee status. However, although their legal status is controversial, platform workers perform for remuneration at certain hours of the week or day. Therefore, if a platform worker is accepted as an employee, she/he is evaluated within the scope of Turkish labor law, and the rules regarding the organization of work will be applied to her/him. However, the heterogeneity of online platforms, the different algorithms and business models of each platform, and the wide variety of tasks performed on the online platform can be challenging to calculate working periods. This article aims to contribute to calculating platform workers' working time.
Fahiş Fiyat Artışı Özelinde Haksız Fiyat Değerlendirme Kurulu
Authors: BOZ Selman Sacit
Published: December 2023

Üretici, tedarikçi ve perakende işletmeler bakımından fahiş fiyat artışı yapmak yasaklanmış ve bu yasağa aykırı davrananlara idari para cezası verme görev ve yetkisi Haksız Fiyat Değerlendirme Kuruluna verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Haksız Fiyat Değerlendirme Kurulunun, Perakende Ticaretin Düzenlenmesi Hakkında Kanun ve Haksız Fiyat Değerlendirme Kurulu Yönetmeliği çerçevesinde incelemesi yapıldıktan sonra Kurulun hukuki niteliği tespit edilmektedir.

Kurulun yeni bir müessese olarak ihdas edilmesi; faaliyet alanının kapsamının belirlenmesi, çalışma koşulları, karar alma usulleri gibi çeşitli konuların incelenmesini gerektirmektedir. Özellikle Kurulun fahiş fiyat artışı yasağına aykırılığın tespitinde nasıl bir yol izlediği veya ceza miktarını alt ve üst sınırlara göre belirlerken nelere dikkat ettiği belirsizliğini sürdürmektedir.

Fahiş fiyat artışının gerek işletmeler gerekse tüketiciler aleyhine sonuçları bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca fahiş fiyat artışında başka kanunların da tatbiki söz konusudur. Bu açıdan Haksız Fiyat Değerlendirme Kurulu incelenirken ilgili konularda Rekabet Kurulu ile Reklam Kurulu da kıyaslama yöntemiyle ele alınmıştır.
Lignin-derived lithiophilic nitrogen-doped three-dimensional porous carbon as lithium growth guiding layers for lithium-metal batteries
Authors: Kim Nak Hyun , Lee Merry , Kwon Hye Min , Sim Woo Hyeong , Kim Donghyoung , Son Samick , Bae Ki Yoon , Kim Ji Young , Youn Duck Hyun , Kim Yong Sik , Jeong Hyung Mo
Published: December 2023

The growing demand for high-performance next-generation lithium (Li)-based batteries has brought Li-metal anodes into the spotlight, due to their high theoretical capacity (3,860 mAh g-1) and low electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs. SHE). However, the practical application of Li-metal anodes faces formidable challenges, primarily associated with dendritic Li growth resulting from non-uniform ion flux. Although previous studies utilizing carbonaceous materials having pores and lithiophilic atoms have demonstrated powerful performances, the complex process involving pore creation and doping with heteroatoms still has limitations in terms of cost-effectiveness. This study introduces a lithiophilic nitrogen (N)-doped three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon (NLC) by simply reusing and carbonizing NH2-functionalized lignin (NL), an eco-friendly biopolymer derived from waste wood generated during the pulping process. The NLC offers macro-porous spaces with a rich array of N-doped sites, capable of accommodating and guiding Li deposition to facilitate uniform Li growth. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the NLC as the Li growth guiding layer in Li-metal batteries. A full cell incorporating the NLC as a Li growth guiding layer, with NCM811 as cathodes, exhibits a remarkable capacity of 145. 57 mAh g-1 even at a high C-rate of 5C and capacity retention of 90.3% (167 mAh g-1) after 150 cycles at 1C. These findings represent significant advancements compared to conventional Li-metal batteries.
Determining abrasion resistance of decorative coated wood-based panels using retinex model
Authors: Kaçamer Serdar , Katırcıoğlu Ferzan , Budakçı Mehmet
Published: December 2023

An Image Processing Based Scrub Tester (IPBST) was used to imitate the effect of household chemicals on furniture and decoration elements. For this purpose, 8 mm-thick, bright white, acrylic coated medium density fiberboard (MDF), polyvinyl chloride coated MDF, MDF lam ready-to-use sheets, and cellulosic, polyurethane, acrylic, and water-based paint applied MDF sheets were used. Carbon fiber patterned decorative coating was applied to the prepared sample surfaces using the water transfer printing and ultraviolet printing methods. The surfaces of the samples were scrubbed with various household chemicals in accordance with the Turkish Standard TS EN ISO 11998. In the image processing phase, the images before and after scrubbing were first converted to hue, saturation, and value color space. The relationship between the abrasion measurement method of the proposed IPBST and the abrasion data obtained from the stereo microscope device was examined using the Pearson Correlation analysis. The relationship between both abrasion test methods was positive, very strong, and significant (0.81). Thus, the IPBST can be used as an alternative to industrial test devices as it obtains similar data.
A comparative study on quantitative anatomical characteristics of compression, lateral, and opposite woods in Agathis loranthifolia and Pinus merkusii
Authors: Purusatama Byantara Darsan , Kim Suk Woo , Kim Nam Hun
Published: December 2023

Quantitative anatomical characteristics and their radial variation in compression (COW), lateral (LAW), and opposite (OPW) woods of Agathis loranthifolia and Pinus merkusii stem woods growing in Indonesia were observed and compared to understand wood quality. The length, diameter, wall thickness, and lumen diameter of tracheids and ray height and numbers were observed using optical microscopy. In both species, COW had the shortest tracheid length, smallest tracheid and lumen diameter, thickest cell wall, and highest ray numbers among the parts, while LAW and OPW showed comparable or variable values in quantitative characteristics. In A. loranthifolia, COW had the highest ray height, whereas, in P. merkusii, it had the lowest uniseriate and fusiform ray heights. No significant difference was observed in ray numbers and heights between LAW and OPW. In both species, the tracheid length and lumen-to-diameter ratio in COW, LAW, and OPW tended to increase from near the pith to near the bark while the wall-to-diameter ratio decreased. The ray heights of all parts increased with increasing distance from the pith, whereas the ray number decreased.
Design value of tensile strength of raw bamboo
Authors: Cui Zhili , Jiao Zhenhua , Tong Wei
Published: December 2023

Bamboo has the advantages of a short growth cycle, good mechanical properties, energy savings, and environmental protection. It is regarded as a new building material with great development potential and application prospects. However, current research on the design values of raw bamboo materials is lacking. In this study, the design value of tensile strength of raw bamboo material was determined by a tensile test of the raw bamboo material, and the statistical values of the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the raw bamboo material were obtained. The standard value and resistance uncertainty statistical parameters of the tensile strength of the raw bamboo material were determined. Considering different load combinations and load effect ratios, the relationship between the reliability index and the resistance component coefficient and the optimal resistance partial coefficient under different load combinations were obtained, and the design value of the tensile strength of the raw bamboo material was obtained.
Potential of hardwood kraft lignin as a bio-based dye for cotton fabrics
Authors: Mun Ji Sun , Mun Sung Phil
Published: December 2023

The dyeing characteristics of hardwood kraft lignin (KL) were investigated on cotton fabrics, assessing its potential as a sustainable and environmentally friendly dye. Dyeability was evaluated by varying the KL concentrations, temperature, and time. An aqueous solution of Na2CO3 (1.0%) as the dye bath and a fabric-to-liquor ratio of 1:50 were used. Cationizing effects were studied using (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC), and the mordanting effects of various mordants were also evaluated. Post-mordanting was performed with FeSO4, FeCl2, Fe-lactate (Fe-lac), MgSO4, CuCl2, CuSO4, and Al2(SO4)3. A mordant concentration of 1 mM o.w.f. (0.5 mM for Al2(SO4)3), with a liquor ratio of 1:30, at 60 °C for 30 min were employed. Suitable dyeing conditions were 2.0% o.w.b., 90 °C, and 90 min, resulting in a brownish color of the cotton fabric. The fabrics exhibited a range of light brown to light grayish brown colors and showed lighter colors than the untreated fabrics when mordanted with MgSO4 and Al2(SO4)3. The color difference (ΔE) between cationized and uncationized cotton fabrics was 3.48. From the colorfastness assessment, KL-dyed cotton fabric showed good rubbing and washing fastness for staining, but poor light and washing fastness for fading.
Effects of chitosan application on the yield and quality of lettuce
Authors: Ovalı Gökhan , Özdamar Ünlü Halime
Published: December 2023

Modern agricultural production has adopted the principle of maximizing yields in an environmental-friendly, inexpensive, and non-hazardous way. With these characteristics, chitosan has become an increasingly preferred biostimulant in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chitosan application on yield and quality in lettuce cultivation. For this purpose, Yedikule 5107 lettuce variety was used, and foliar chitosan applications were applied 3 times at 4 different doses of 0, 75, 150, and 300 ppm levels. The total yield, leaf number, leaf width, chlorophyll, total phenolic, and antiradical activity values ranged from 2970 to 3290 kg da-1, from 35.8 to 37.7, from 11.27 to 12.33 cm, from 38.05 to 41.82, from 21.50 to 38.71 mg/100 g, and 46.0% to 54.9%, respectively, and the highest values were obtained in the 300 ppm chitosan application. The highest root collar and plant diameter values were determined at 75 ppm and 150 ppm chitosan doses, respectively. All chitosan applications increased leaf length. Furthermore, chitosan applications were effective in preventing nitrate accumulation. In conclusion, it was determined that the effect of pre-harvest chitosan application was positive, and especially 300 ppm chitosan dose was more effective than other doses.
Challenges and the Way Forward for Management and Handling of Hazardous Waste
Authors: Jena Madhab C. , Mishra Sarat K. , Moharana Himanshu S.
Published: December 2023

Hazardous waste poses significant threats to human health and the environment, necessitating stringent regulatory management. This study explores the challenges and prospects associated with hazardous waste management, emphasizing the critical need for sustainable practices. Drawing on field observations, stakeholder interviews in India, and extensive literature reviews, the research addresses challenges such as inadequate stakeholder consultation during law enactment, resource constraints, insufficient authorized disposal facilities, and transportation issues. The study underscores the importance of sustainable waste reduction practices through proactive industry engagement and government facilitation of necessary infrastructure. It advocates for streamlined regulatory processes, inter-state cooperation, and responsive authorities to ensure effective hazardous waste management. The research emphasizes the adoption of innovative and sustainable waste reduction methods supported by comprehensive root cause analysis and well-crafted policies to achieve environmental sustainability goals. In conclusion, the study highlights the global applicability of findings, emphasizing collaborative efforts for effective hazardous waste handling and disposal to ensure a clean and pollution-free environment.
An Improved Method for Order Reduction of High Order Uncertain SISO Dynamic Systems by Affine Arithmetic
Authors: Ramana Boyi Venkata , Narasimhulu T. , Rao P. Mallikarjuna
Published: December 2023

This article presents a refined algorithm using Modified Polynomial Differentiation (MPD) method through Affine Arithmetic (AA) to reduce the high order uncertain systems. This new algorithm is applicable for the reduction of Continuous SISO systems. Measurement errors due to variation in ambient conditions may result the system as an uncertain system unlike other methods in literature. This strategy, unlike previous ones found in the Iteration literature, can produce a reduced order model that is stable from a original high order uncertain system that is also stable. Applications of Affine Arithmetic steer clear of many of the drawbacks of Interval Arithmetic, including unbounded solutions in a number of important applications. Utilizing common numerical examples from interval literature, the proposed approach has been validated
Fundamentos Teóricos de las Inteligencias Múltiples y el Tratamiento a la Conciencia Ambiental en Estudiantes
Authors: Vang Abad Abad Lenin Yung , Oclides Tamariz Nunjar Hildegardo , Purizaca Kelinda María La Madrid , Cruz César Augusto Calle
Published: December 2023

The present research is titled Theoretical Foundations of Multiple Intelligences and the Treatment of Environmental Awareness in Students, with the main objective of analyzing the potential application of the theoretical principles of multiple intelligences in the promotion of environmental awareness among students. For this, a qualitative methodology was developed in which a bibliographic review was carried out in different databases, initially finding 98 articles, proceeding to a discriminatory selection of them and finally managing to identify 45 articles which were used to obtain the data of this work. The results found showed that for the first variable referring to multiple intelligences it was identified in approximately 27% of the documents examined, while versatility was found in around 40%. On the other hand, the applications and uses were located in a percentage of 33% in the documents reviewed, in the same way the strategies for the treatment of environmental care, the articles that address these environmental strategies revealed that 24% exhibit innovative features, a 18% show flexibility, 24% have a critical approach, and 33% adopt a prospective and perspective orientation. Finally, it was possible to specify that the use of multiple intelligence enhances student learning, and even more so when they are aimed at developing knowledge and skills in caring for the environment.