bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical and Magnetoelectric Properties of Particulate Composites and Laminated Trilayered Thick‐Film Composites
Authors: Bhavana H. V. , Begum Shaik Sabira , Bellad S. S.
Published: November 2022

Hydraulic pressing and screen printing methods are used to create particulate magnetoelectric composites and laminated trilayered thick‐film composites. X‐ray diffraction studies reveal the presence of cubic spinel and tetragonal perovskite structures for individual powders of ferrite CuFe2O4 and ferroelectric‐phase PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3. The dielectric constant of particulate composites decreases with increasing frequency around 1 MHz and beyond that frequency, a saturation state is attained. However, for laminated films, the dielectric constant decreases up to 1 MHz and then increases. The maximum dielectric constant at low frequency for particulate CuFe2O4/PZT composites is around 72.2, whereas for laminated CuFe2O4/PZT/CuFe2O4 composites it is 4.97 and for PZT/CuFe2O4/PZT composites is 5.24. Loss tangent exhibits the same trend as dielectric constant with frequency, which is explained by space charge polarization and is consistent with Koop's phenomenological theory. The dielectric constant's variation with temperature describes the contribution of electric dipoles to polarization and both composites exhibit absorption peaks. The semiconducting nature of both particulate and laminated composites can be seen in the DC resistivity graph with frequency and as frequency increases, DC resistivity decreases for both composites, which is explained by the small polaron‐hopping phenomenon. The magnetoelectric coupling effect for particulate composites (44 mV Oe−1cm−1) is also found to be small when compared to laminated trilayered composites (CuFe2O4/PZT/CuFe2O4—105 mV Oe−1cm−1 and PZT/CuFe2O4/PZT—68 mV Oe−1cm−1).
Whisky‐Born Memristor
Authors: Kim Jinsun , Dowling Vincent J. , Datta Timir , Pershin Yuriy V.
Published: November 2022

It is recently shown that when a drop of Glenlivet whisky evaporates, it leaves behind a uniform deposit [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 124501 (2016)]. This fascinating finding is utilized in the fabrication of electrochemical metallization memory (ECM) cells. The top (Ag) and bottom (Co) electrodes in the proposed structure are separated by a layer of Glenlivet whisky deposit (an insulator). Measurements show the device response is typical of ECM cells that involve threshold‐type switching, pinched hysteresis loops, and a large difference between the high‐ and low‐resistance states. The surface coating process used in these experiments simplifies the device fabrication and results in a biodegradable insulating layer, which may facilitate the recovery of recyclable materials at the end of the device's use.
Honey and Nigella sativa against COVID‐19 in Pakistan (HNS‐COVID‐PK): A multicenter placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ashraf Sohaib , Ashraf Shoaib , Ashraf Moneeb , Imran Muhammad Ahmad , Kalsoom Larab , Siddiqui Uzma N. , Farooq Iqra , Akmal Rutaba , Akram Muhammad Kiwan , Ashraf Sidra , Ghufran Muhammad , Majeed Nighat , Habib Zaighum , Rafique Sundas , ‐Abdin Zain‐ul , Arshad Shahroze , Shahab Muhammad Sarmad , Ahmad Sohail , Zheng Hui , Mirza Ali Rafique , Zulfiqar Sibgha , Anwar Muhamad Imran , Humayun Ayesha , Mahmud Talha , Saboor Qazi Abdul , Ahmad Ali , Ashraf Muhammad , Izhar Mateen ,   DOCTORS LOUNGE consortium
Published: November 2022

Until now, no specific and effective treatment exists for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Since honey and Nigella sativa (HNS) have established antiviral, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, we tested their efficacy for this disease in a multicenter, placebo‐controlled, and randomized clinical trial at four medical care facilities in Pakistan. RT‐PCR confirmed COVID‐19 adults showing moderate or severe disease were enrolled in the trial. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either honey (1 g kg−1 day−1) and Nigella sativa seeds (80 mg kg−1 day−1) or a placebo for up to 13 days along with standard care. The outcomes included symptoms' alleviation, viral clearance, and 30‐day mortality in the intention‐to‐treat population. Three hundred and thirteen patients, 210 with moderate and 103 with severe disease, underwent randomization from April 30 to July 29, 2020. Among the moderate cases, 107 were assigned to HNS, whereas 103 were assigned to the placebo group. Among the severe cases, 50 were given HNS, and 53 were given the placebo. HNS resulted in ~50% reduction in time taken to alleviate symptoms as compared to placebo (moderate cases: 4 vs. 7 days, Hazard Ratio [HR]: 6.11; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 4.23–8.84, p < 0.0001 and for severe cases: 6 vs. 13 days, HR: 4.04; 95% CI: 2.46–6.64; p < 0.0001). HNS also cleared the virus earlier than placebo in both moderate cases (6 vs. 10 days, HR: 5.53; 95% CI: 3.76–8.14, p < 0.0001) and severe cases (8.5 vs. 12 days, HR: 4.32; 95% CI: 2.62–7.13, p < 0.0001). HNS further led to a better clinical score on day 6 with normal activity resumption in 63.6% vs. 10.9% among moderate cases (OR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.03–0.13, p < 0.0001) and hospital discharge in 50% versus 2.8% in severe cases (OR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.09, p < 0.0001). In severe cases, the mortality rate was less than 1/4th in the HNS group than in placebo (4% vs. 18.87%, OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.02–0.92, p = 0.029). No HNS‐related adverse effects were observed. HNS, compared with placebo, significantly improved symptoms, expedited viral load clearance, and reduced mortality in COVID‐19 patients. This trial was registered on April 15, 2020 with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04347382.
The phytochemical profiling, pharmacological activities, and safety of malva sylvestris: a review
Authors: Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Tene Stephano Tambo , Teibo John Oluwafemi , Shaheen Hazem M. , Oluwatoba Oyerinde Samson , Teibo Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Garbee Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios
Published: November 2022

Malva sylvestris is a plant commonly found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The leaves and flowers of this plant have been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as cough, cold, diarrhoea, and constipation. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to search for relevant material on the phytochemical profiling and pharmacologic activities of Malva sylvestris. The techniques used in phytochemical profiling and the pharmacologic activity of each compound were extracted from the included studies, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. The phytochemical analysis of Malva sylvestris revealed that the leaves and flowers are the most commonly used parts of the plant and contain various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, mucilages, terpenoids, phenol derivatives, coumarins, sterols, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. These phytochemicals are responsible for the many pharmacological activities of Malva sylvestris, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, laxative, antiproliferative and antioxidant properties. This review has presented an overview of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and the cytotoxic effects of Malva sylvestris on different types of cancer cells. It has also summarised the work on developing copper oxide nanoparticles using Malva sylvestris leaf extract and its potential use in food and medicine. This review aims to highlight the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and safety of Malva sylvestris.
In situ sequence-specific visualization of single methylated cytosine on tissue sections using ICON probe and rolling-circle amplification
Authors: Kitazawa Sohei , Haraguchi Ryuma , Takaoka Yuki , Kitazawa Riko
Published: November 2022

Since epigenetic modifications differ from cell to cell, detecting the DNA methylation status of individual cells is requisite. Therefore, it is important to conduct “morphology-based epigenetics research”, in which the sequence-specific DNA methylation status is observed while maintaining tissue architecture. Here we demonstrate a novel histochemical technique that efficiently shows the presence of a single methylated cytosine in a sequence-dependent manner by applying ICON (interstrand complexation with osmium for nucleic acids) probes. By optimizing the concentration and duration of potassium osmate treatment, ICON probes selectively hybridize to methylated cytosine on tissue sections. Since the elongation process by rolling-circle amplification through the padlock probe and synchronous amplification by the hyperbranching reaction at a constant temperature efficiently amplifies the reaction, it is possible to specifically detect the presence of a single methylated cytosine. Since the ICON probe is cross-linked to the nuclear or mitochondrial DNA of the target cell, subsequent elongation and multiplication reactions proceed like a tree growing in soil with its roots firmly planted, thus facilitating the demonstration of methylated cytosine in situ. Using this novel ICON-mediated histochemical method, detection of the methylation of DNA in the regulatory region of the RANK gene in cultured cells and of mitochondrial DNA in paraffin sections of mouse cerebellar tissue was achievable. This combined ICON and rolling-circle amplification method is the first that shows evidence of the presence of a single methylated cytosine in a sequence-specific manner in paraffin sections, and is foreseen as applicable to a wide range of epigenetic studies.
Perinatal predictors of clinical instability at birth in late-preterm and term infants
Authors: Santomartino Georgia A. , Blank Douglas A. , Heng Alissa , Woodward Anthony , Kane Stefan C. , Thio Marta , Polglase Graeme R. , Hooper Stuart B. , Davis Peter G. , Badurdeen Shiraz
Published: November 2022

To identify characteristics associated with delivery room clinical instability in at-risk infants. Prospective cohort study. Two perinatal centres in Melbourne, Australia. Infants born at ≥ 35+0 weeks’ gestation with a first-line paediatric doctor requested to attend. Clinical instability defined as any one of heart rate < 100 beats per minute for ≥ 20 s in the first 10 min after birth, maximum fraction of inspired oxygen of ≥ 0.70 in the first 10 min after birth, 5-min Apgar score of < 7, intubated in the delivery room or admitted to the neonatal unit for respiratory support. Four hundred and seventy-three infants were included. The median (IQR) gestational age at birth was 39+4 (38+4—40+4) weeks. Eighty (17%) infants met the criteria for clinical instability. Independent risk factors for clinical instability were labour without oxytocin administration, presence of a medical pregnancy complication, difficult extraction at birth and unplanned caesarean section in labour. Decision tree analysis determined that infants at highest risk were those whose mothers did not receive oxytocin during labour (25% risk). Infants at lowest risk were those whose mothers received oxytocin during labour and did not have a medical pregnancy complication (7% risk).

Conclusions: We identified characteristics associated with clinical instability that may be useful in alerting less experienced clinicians to call for senior assistance early. The decision trees provide intuitive visual aids but require prospective validation.

What is Known:

• First-line clinicians attending at-risk births may need to call senior colleagues for assistance depending on the infant’s condition.• Delays in effectively supporting a compromised infant at birth is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and infant-mother separation.

What is New:

• This study identifies risk factors for delivery room clinical instability in at-risk infants born at ≥ 35+0 weeks’ gestation.• The decision trees presented provide intuitive visual tools to aid in determining the need for senior paediatric presence.
Top-down and bottom-up forces explain patch utilization by two deer species and forest recruitment
Authors: Ramirez J. Ignacio , Poorter Lourens , Jansen Patrick A. , den Ouden Jan , Siewert Matthias , Olofsson Johan
Published: November 2022

Ungulates play an important role in temperate systems. Through their feeding behaviour, they can respond to vegetation by selecting patches or modify vegetation composition by herbivory. The degree in which they interact with vegetation can either reinforce landscape heterogeneity by creating disturbance or reduce heterogeneity in case of overbrowsing. This study evaluates how bottom-up (patch quality, structure), top-down forces (hunting, distance to village, forest edge) and deer features (feeding type, abundance) mediate patch utilization in a temperate forest and assess the implications of patch utilization and light on forest recruitment. Theory predicts that animals seek to maximize their energetic gains by food intake while minimizing the costs associated to foraging, such as the energy required for avoiding predators and exploiting resources. We focused on two deer species with contrasting feeding type: a browser (C. capreolus) and a mixed feeder (C. elaphus). We paired camera traps to vegetation sub-plots in ten forest sites in the Netherlands that widely ranged in deer abundance and landscape heterogeneity. Results showed that patch utilization is simultaneously explained by bottom-up, top-down forces and by deer abundance, as predicted by the safety-in-numbers hypothesis. Yet, forces best explaining patch utilization differed between deer species. Overall, higher patch utilization came with higher browsing, lower tree diversity and a large difference in forest composition: from a mix of broadleaves and conifers towards only conifers. We conclude that these two deer species, although living in the same area and belonging to the same guild, differentially perceive, interact with and shape their surrounding landscape.
The physiological sonographic features of the ovary in healthy subjects: a joint systematic review and meta-analysis by the Italian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (SIGO) and the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE)
Authors: Moro F. , Scavello I. , Maseroli E. , Rastrelli G. , Baima Poma C. , Bonin C. , Dassie F. , Federici S. , Fiengo S. , Guccione L. , Villani M. , Gambineri A. , Mioni R. , Moghetti P. , Moretti C. , Persani L. , Scambia G. , Giorgino F. , Vignozzi L. ,   the Women’s Endocrinology Group of the Italian Society of Endocrinology, Gambineri A. , Mioni R. , Moghetti P. , Moretti P. , Persani L. , Vignozzi L.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

There is a lack of uniformity in the definition of normal ovary ultrasound parameters. Our aim was to summarize and meta-analyze the evidence on the topic. Full-text English articles published through December 31, 2020 were retrieved via MEDLINE and Embase. Data available for meta-analysis included: ovarian follicular count, ovarian volume, and ovarian Pulsatility Index (PI) assessed by Doppler ultrasound.

Methods

Cohort, cross-sectional, prospective studies with a single or double arm were considered eligible. Interventional studies were included when providing baseline data. Both studies on pre- and post-menopausal women were screened; however, data on menopausal women were not sufficient to perform a meta-analysis. Studies on pre-pubertal girls were considered separately. Eighty-one papers were included in the meta-analysis.

Results

The mean ovarian volume was 6.11 [5.81–6.42] ml in healthy women in reproductive age (5.81–6.42) and 1.67 ml [1.02–2.32] in pre-pubertal girls. In reproductive age, the mean follicular count was 8.04 [7.26–8.82] when calculated in the whole ovary and 5.88 [5.20–6.56] in an ovarian section, and the mean ovarian PI was 1.86 [1.35–2.37]. Age and the frequency of the transducers partly modulated these values. In particular, the 25–30-year group showed the higher mean follicular count (9.27 [7.71–10.82]), followed by a progressive age-related reduction (5.67 [2.23–9.12] in fertile women > 35 years). A significant difference in follicular count was also found according to the transducer’s upper MHz limit.

Conclusion

Our findings provide a significant input to improve the interpretation and diagnostic accuracy of ovarian ultrasound parameters in different physiological and pathological settings.
Prevention of Genocide Under International Law
Authors: Ruvebana Etienne
Published: November 2022

This book studies the pivotal obligation to prevent genocide under international law and more particularly the extent of that obligation under the Genocide Convention and customary international law. The author puts forward a distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention.
Numerical study of oil–water emulsion formation in stirred vessels: effect of impeller speed
Authors: Liang Fuyue , Kahouadji Lyes , Valdes Juan Pablo , Shin Seungwon , Chergui Jalel , Juric Damir , Matar Omar K
Published: November 2022

The mixing of immiscible oil and water by a pitched blade turbine in a cylindrical vessel is studied numerically. Three-dimensional simulations combined with a hybrid front-tracking/level-set method are employed to capture the complex flow and interfacial dynamics. A large eddy simulation approach, with a Lilly–Smagorinsky model, is employed to simulate the turbulent two-phase dynamics at large Reynolds numbers

$Re=1802{-}18\ 026$

. The numerical predictions are validated against previous experimental work involving single-drop breakup in a stirred vessel. For small

$Re$

, the interface is deformed but does not reach the impeller hub, assuming instead the shape of a Newton's Bucket. As the rotating speed increases, the deforming interface attaches to the impeller hub which leads to the formation of long ligaments that subsequently break up into small droplets. For the largest

$Re$

studied, the system dynamics becomes extremely complex wherein the creation of ligaments, their breakup and the coalescence of drops occur simultaneously. The simulation outcomes are presented in terms of spatio-temporal evolution of the interface shape and vortical structures. The results of a drop size analysis in terms of the evolution of the number of drops, and their size distribution, is also presented as a parametric function of

$Re$

.
Approach towards local isotropy in statistically stationary turbulent shear flows
Authors: Tang S.L. , Antonia R.A. , Djenidi L.
Published: November 2022

We analyse the approach towards local isotropy in statistically stationary turbulent shear flows using the transport equations for the fourth-order moments of the velocity derivative. It is found that terms of these equations representing the large-scale contribution associated with the uniform mean velocity gradient gradually decrease as the Taylor microscale Reynolds number

$Re_\lambda$

increases, and finally disappear when

$Re_\lambda$

is sufficiently large. This gradual weakening of the large-scale effect is accompanied by a gradual approach towards local isotropy of the small-scale motion. The rate at which local isotropy is approached depends on the weakening of the large-scale forcing, which is controlled by the magnitude of the non-dimensional velocity shear parameter

$S^*$

(

$\equiv \overline {u_1^2}({{\partial {{\bar U}_1}}}/{{\partial {x_2}}})/{\bar {\varepsilon }_{iso}}$

, where

$\bar {\varepsilon }_{iso}$

is the isotropic mean turbulent energy dissipation rate,

$\overline {u_1^2}$

is the streamwise velocity variance, and

${\partial {{\bar U}_1}/\partial {x_2}}$

is the uniform mean velocity gradient in the transverse direction). In particular, we show that the approach towards local isotropy can be recast in the form

$C\, Re_\lambda ^{-1}$

, where

$C$

is the product of

$S^*$

and a ratio of transverse-to-streamwise velocity derivative variances. This is consistent with the behaviour of the normalized third-order moments of transverse velocity derivatives. With the further use of the transport equations for the eighth- and twelfth-order velocity derivative moments, it is found that the even moments of transverse velocity derivatives can significantly affect the rate at which local isotropy is approached, especially for higher orders.
On the simultaneous cascades of energy, helicity, and enstrophy in incompressible homogeneous turbulence
Authors: Baj P. , Alves Portela F. , Carter D.W.
Published: November 2022

We characterise the incompressible turbulence cascade in terms of the concurrent inter-scale and inter-space exchanges of the scale-by-scale energy, helicity and enstrophy. The governing equations for the scale-by-scale helicity and enstrophy are derived in a similar fashion to that of the second order structure function following Hill (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 468, 2002, pp. 317–326). We examine the instantaneous dynamics, applying these equations to forced periodic turbulence and a von Kármán flow focusing on scales in the dissipative range$r=2.5\eta$, the near-dissipative range$r=0.5\lambda$and the onset inertial range$r=\lambda$(where$\eta$and$\lambda$are the Kolmogorov and Taylor length scales, respectively). The signature of the random sweeping effect is observed in all three individual budgets and between the energy and enstrophy transfers. As in the energy cascade, the anti correlation of the pressure transport and non-linear transfer is identified also in the helicity cascade. Owing to its lack of positive definiteness, the helicity transfers are found to be decorrelated from the others. However a connection between the energy cascade and helicity is identified kinematically. This connection reveals the large-scale sweeping motions are a key element in the overall energy cascade and underpins previous observations of large-scale intermittency. Taken together, this work extends a classic framework to gain novel insight on turbulence dynamics that underlay the statistically steady state, and demonstrates how transfers are interconnected.
Climate change impacts on the coral reefs of the UK Overseas Territory of the Pitcairn Islands: resilience and adaptation considerations
Authors: Lincoln Susana , Cowburn Benjamin , Howes Ella L. , Birchenough Silvana , Pinnegar John K. , Dye Stephen , Buckley Paul , Sheppard Charles , Wabnitz Colette C.C. , Dutra Leo X.C. , Graham Jennifer , Archer-Rand Simeon , Hardman Emily , Engelhard Georg H. , Townhill Bryony L.
Published: November 2022

The coral reefs of the Pitcairn Islands are in one of the most remote areas of the Pacific Ocean, and yet they are exposed to the impacts of anthropogenic climate change. The Pitcairn Islands Marine Protected Area was designated in 2016 and is one of the largest in the world, but the marine environment around these highly isolated islands remains poorly documented. Evidence collated here indicates that while the Pitcairn Islands' reefs have thus far been relatively sheltered from the effect of warming sea temperatures, there is substantial risk of future coral decalcification due to ocean acidification. The projected acceleration in the rate of sea level rise, and the reefs' exposure to risks from distant ocean swells and cold-water intrusions, add further uncertainty as to whether these islands and their reefs will continue to adapt and persist into the future. Coordinated action within the context of the Pitcairn Islands Marine Protected Area can help enhance the resilience of the reefs in the Pitcairn Islands. Options include management of other human pressures, control of invasive species and active reef interventions. More research, however, is needed in order to better assess what are the most appropriate and feasible options to protect these reefs.
The regime of style: cover versions, reality TV, and the aesthetic principles of populism in Israel and beyond
Authors: Erez Oded
Published: November 2022

This article explores the relationship between the meaning of style in Idol-format TV shows, and the political style which many scholars consider central for understanding populism today. Inspired by Jacques Rancière's notion of aesthetic regimes, I theorise what I call ‘the regime of style’ as a set of aesthetic principles shared across these fields. I explore the case study of Miri Regev's term as Israel's Minister of Culture and Sports, showing how she implemented a long-term strategy combining deliberate scandals that pitted her against ‘the cultural elite’, and the endorsement of pop music styles associated with publics that traditionally support her party (Likud). What ties these complementary strategies together is that they perform a ‘flaunting of the low’ (Ostiguy 2017). In refocusing the conversation on contested hierarchies of taste, Regev's own appeal partakes in the aesthetic economy of Idol-format shows, where style is fetishised as a transparent performance of identity.
New upper bounds for the Erdős-Gyárfás problem on generalized Ramsey numbers
Authors: Cameron Alex , Heath Emily
Published: November 2022

A
$(p,q)$
-colouring of a graph
$G$
is an edge-colouring of
$G$
which assigns at least
$q$
colours to each
$p$
-clique. The problem of determining the minimum number of colours,
$f(n,p,q)$
, needed to give a
$(p,q)$
-colouring of the complete graph
$K_n$
is a natural generalization of the well-known problem of identifying the diagonal Ramsey numbers
$r_k(p)$
. The best-known general upper bound on
$f(n,p,q)$
was given by Erdős and Gyárfás in 1997 using a probabilistic argument. Since then, improved bounds in the cases where
$p=q$
have been obtained only for
$p\in \{4,5\}$
, each of which was proved by giving a deterministic construction which combined a
$(p,p-1)$
-colouring using few colours with an algebraic colouring.

In this paper, we provide a framework for proving new upper bounds on
$f(n,p,p)$
in the style of these earlier constructions. We characterize all colourings of
$p$
-cliques with
$p-1$
colours which can appear in our modified version of the
$(p,p-1)$
-colouring of Conlon, Fox, Lee, and Sudakov. This allows us to greatly reduce the amount of case-checking required in identifying
$(p,p)$
-colourings, which would otherwise make this problem intractable for large values of
$p$
. In addition, we generalize our algebraic colouring from the
$p=5$
setting and use this to give improved upper bounds on
$f(n,6,6)$
and
$f(n,8,8)$
.
Evaluating the efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for fertility stress in women: a feasibility study
Authors: Bjornsdottir Rakel Rut , Helgadottir Fjola Dogg , Sighvatsson Magnus Blondahl
Published: November 2022

Background:

Women who are trying to conceive may be at risk of experiencing psychological distress. However, only a small proportion receive appropriate care, although interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can effectively reduce levels of distress.

Aims:

Our aim was to determine the efficacy and feasibility of an internet-based CBT intervention, called Overcome Fertility Stress (OFS).

Method:

Fifty-five women who were struggling with conception were offered 3-month access to OFS, which is a fully automated yet individualized program via pre-programmed text, video and audio files. The program tailors its intervention around the symptoms the users report to the program.

Results:

Significant improvements were demonstrated on infertility-related stress, with small-to-large effect sizes (d = 0.49 to 0.75). Furthermore, there was a significant decline in symptoms of depression and stress from pre- to post-treatment (d = 0.41 to 0.42, respectively). Finally, participants expressed overall satisfaction with the intervention.

Conclusions:

These preliminary results suggest it is feasible and effective for women who experience fertility stress to receive an internet-based CBT intervention. Finally, these results add to the literature on the effectiveness of psychological treatments for those who struggle with fertility issues.
High Heat Flow Anomaly Within the St Paul Fracture Zone: Heat Advection and/or Inherent Thermal Structure?
Authors: Gregory Emma P. M. , Villinger Heinrich , Singh Satish C. , Kaul Norbert
Published: November 2022

Heat flow across oceanic transform faults (TFs) and fracture zones (FZs) has rarely been studied in detail, despite these features representing distinct thermal boundaries within the oceanic lithosphere. Here, we present heat flow measurements across the St Paul fracture zone (SPFZ) in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, from 48 Ma crust in the south to 71 Ma in the north. To the north of the FZ we find a basal heat flow of 63 mWm−2, and to the south a basal heat flow of 79 mWm−2, both in agreement with plate cooling models. However, within the SPFZ we find a heat flow of 83 mWm−2, greater than the values of the adjacent crust and 10–15 mWm−2 higher than predicted from conductive cooling models, suggesting that the thermal structure of the FZ has been modified. Evidence from seismic and sub‐bottom profiler data indicate recent active deformation within the SPFZ, potentially driven by lithospheric flexure across the FZ or temporal changes in TF configuration. We propose that this deformation may enable fluid circulation and heat advection within the basement, creating the seafloor heat flow anomaly within the FZ. These findings suggest that FZs may remain important zones predisposed to host deformation and fluid flow in the oceanic lithosphere, despite not being active plate boundaries.
Magnetosonic Waves Above the Lower Hybrid Frequency in Cyclotron Resonance With the Van Allen Radiation Belt Electrons
Authors: Wu Zhiyong , Su Zhenpeng , He Zhaoguo , Zheng Huinan , Wang Yuming
Published: November 2022

Cyclotron resonance with magnetosonic waves was usually considered unimportant for the Van Allen radiation belt electron dynamics because it occurs at energies that are too high. Here, we show that for magnetosonic waves with frequencies above the lower hybrid frequency and normal angles below 87° in the high‐density plasmasphere, the electron cyclotron resonances of ±1, ±2, and ±3 orders can extend down to energies of 10–100s keV. These high‐frequency, non‐quasi‐perpendicular magnetosonic waves are found to occur predominantly in the duskside outer plasmasphere, with an amplitude on the order of 10 pT following strong substorms. They probably originate from midlatitudes of the outer plasmasphere, different from the commonly known magnetosonic waves generated near the equator.
Continental Mid‐Lithosphere Discontinuity: A Water Collector During Craton Evolution
Authors: Fu Hui‐Ying , Li Zhong‐Hai , Chen Ling
Published: November 2022

Continental mid‐lithosphere discontinuity (MLD) seems to be ubiquitous beneath cratons around the world with the dominant depth of 70–100 km, and is characterized by a shear‐wave velocity drop of 2%–7%, according to geophysical observations. The MLD is often considered to be related to a rheologically weak layer; however, the mechanism of MLD formation is widely debated. In this study, we have conducted systematic numerical modeling with a new and simplified deep hydration method to study the dynamics of craton evolution and MLD formation. The results indicate that the MLD may be induced by slow hydration processes within the mantle lithosphere during craton evolution. The top boundary of this hydrated layer is characterized by high water content and low shear‐wave velocities, and is consistent with the depth and properties of natural MLD observations. Thus, we propose that the MLD may act as a water collector during craton evolution.
Hierarchical organization of objects in scenes is reflected in mental representations of objects
Authors: Turini Jacopo , Võ Melissa Le-Hoa
Published: November 2022

The arrangement of objects in scenes follows certain rules (“Scene Grammar”), which we exploit to perceive and interact efficiently with our environment. We have proposed that Scene Grammar is hierarchically organized: scenes are divided into clusters of objects (“phrases”, e.g., the sink phrase); within every phrase, one object (“anchor”, e.g., the sink) holds strong predictions about identity and position of other objects (“local objects”, e.g., a toothbrush). To investigate if this hierarchy is reflected in the mental representations of objects, we collected pairwise similarity judgments for everyday object pictures and for the corresponding words. Similarity judgments were stronger not only for object pairs appearing in the same scene, but also object pairs appearing within the same phrase of the same scene as opposed to appearing in different phrases of the same scene. Besides, object pairs with the same status in the scenes (i.e., being both anchors or both local objects) were judged as more similar than pairs of different status. Comparing effects between pictures and words, we found similar, significant impact of scene hierarchy on the organization of mental representation of objects, independent of stimulus modality. We conclude that the hierarchical structure of visual environment is incorporated into abstract, domain general mental representations of the world.
Response of Canola productivity to integration between mineral nitrogen with yeast extract under poor fertility sandy soil condition
Authors: Ebaid Mohamed , Abd El-Hady M. A. , El-Temsah M. E. , El-Gabry Y. A. , Abd-Elkrem Y. M. , Hussein H. , Abdelkader M. A. , Eliwa T. A. , Salama Eslam , Saad Ahmed M.
Published: November 2022

Canola is one of the important oil crops and is considered the most promising oil source and adapts to reclaimed soil conditions. The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of yeast extract (YE) integrated with nitrogen (N) rates and treatments were arranged as follows: Control (without F0), 95 kg N ha−1 (F1), 120 kg N ha−1 (F2), 142 kg N ha−1 (F3), 95 kg N ha−1 + YE (F4), 120 kg N ha−1 + YE (F5) and 142 kg N ha−1 + YE (F6) on physico-chemical properties, yield and its components for three Canola genotypes i.e. AD201 (G1), Topaz and SemuDNK 234/84 under the sandy soil. In this work, Results reveal that increasing rates of Nitrogen fertilization from 95 kg N ha−1 to 142 kg N ha−1 have a great effect on physicochemical properties yield and its components. The result proved that 142 kg N ha−1 with yeast treatment was the best treatment for three Canola genotypes. Also, the result showed that seed yield was positively correlated with Chl. a/b ratio, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, and number of seeds/pod, and a strong negative correlation was detected between seed oil percentage when the amount of nitrogen fertilization applied without or with yeast extract is increased.
Comparative multiomics analysis of cell physiological state after culture in a basket bioreactor
Authors: Yu Shouzhi , Guo Miaomiao , Zhang Yadan , Bo Cunpei , Liang Hongyang , Wang Hui , Yang Xiaoming
Published: November 2022

Bioreactors are one of the most important, basic pieces of equipment in the biopharmaceutical industry. Understanding the effects of mechanical damage and other factors on the physiological state of cells during cell matrix culture is the basis for continuously achieving greater efficiency and higher product quality. In this study, Vero cells were used as a model and apoptosis, senescence, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics were carried out for analysis at the cellular and molecular levels. The results showed that compared with cells cultured in the simulated natural state, the cells cultured in the basket bioreactor displayed no obvious senescence. Additionally, the proportion of early apoptotic cells increased, but the proportions of damaged, late apoptotic and dead cells did not change significantly. The transcription levels of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and cyclin D1 and the expression levels of DNA replication licensing factor, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, arachidonic acid and other metabolites of cells cultured in the basket bioreactor were significantly increased. These results suggest that DNA replication, protein translation and the metabolic activities in cells cultured in basket bioreactors are more active, which is more conducive to cell amplification and target product production. In this study, the growth and physiological state of cells in a basket bioreactor were characterized at the molecular level for the first time. Additionally, a tool to evaluate the physiological state of cells in a bioreactor was established, which can be used to guide the development and optimization of cell matrix culture conditions in industrial production and improve the production efficiency of the target products.
Cotton textile inspires MoS2@reduced graphene oxide anodes towards high-rate capability or long-cycle stability sodium/lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Xue , Ji Haicong , Peng Bin , Cui Zhaoning , Liu Qiongzhen , Zhao Qinghua , Yang Liyan , Wang Dong
Published: November 2022

Textile-based electrodes show superior energy storage performances, including high-rate capability for Na-ion batteries and long-cycling stability for Li-ion batteries, as elucidated by morphology differences that sodiation/desodiation brings intense nanomachine effect.
Peer Influence on Lifestyle Behaviors among Undergraduate Students of Professional Colleges
Authors: Madtha Lisha Jane , Joseph Jubee , Joy Magi Mariya , Reji Maneesha P. , S. Mariya C. , Sabu Linta
Published: November 2022

Introduction Adolescence is a stage of companionship during which young people choose to spend time with their peers rather than their families. It is a period of learning new ideas and the development of overall personality. Peer influence affects positively and negatively on everyone's life. The study examines the impact of peers on lifestyle behaviors such as nutrition, physical activity, fashion, and habit among undergraduate students from various professional colleges.

Objectives of the Study To assess the peer influence on lifestyle behaviors among undergraduates and find its association with selected baseline variables.

Materials and Methods The study design was descriptive survey design. The tool consisted of a baseline proforma and a structured rating scale to assess the peer influence on lifestyle behaviors among undergraduates. Using a proportionate stratified simple random sampling technique based on inclusion criteria, 325 undergraduate students were chosen. SPSS version 16 software was used for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.

Results Our study revealed that the majority 211 (65.3%) of undergraduates had a moderate influence on peer pressure, 95 (29.4%) had low influence, 16 (5.0%) had a strong influence, and 1 (0.3%) had no influence. The highest mean percentage of peer influence was in personality and communication (79.3%), and the least was in smoking and alcoholism (36.6%). The mean percentage of other areas was of healthy mind (74.8%), exercising (71.1%), food choices (68.2%), buying choices (64.9%), social media, and use of gadgets (45.7%). The mean percentage of the total score was 64.58. However, there was a significant association between the peer influence and baseline variables such as gender and approachable person in need, but no such relationship existed for other variables.

Conclusion The study reveals remarkable evidence of peer influence among undergraduate students. However, the data reflect on positive peer influence rather than negative influence, which shows that the undergraduates rely on each other to improve their overall personality.
Solving quasi-free and quadratic Lindblad master equations for open fermionic and bosonic systems
Authors: Barthel Thomas , Zhang Yikang
Published: November 2022

The dynamics of Markovian open quantum systems are described by Lindblad master equations. For fermionic and bosonic systems that are quasi-free, i.e. with Hamiltonians that are quadratic in the ladder operators and Lindblad operators that are linear in the ladder operators, we derive the equation of motion for the covariance matrix. This determines the evolution of Gaussian initial states and the steady states, which are also Gaussian. Using ladder super-operators (a.k.a. third quantization), we show how the Liouvillian can be transformed to a many-body Jordan normal form which also reveals the full many-body spectrum. Extending previous work by Prosen and Seligman, we treat fermionic and bosonic systems on equal footing with Majorana operators, shorten and complete some derivations, also address the odd-parity sector for fermions, give a criterion for the existence of bosonic steady states, cover non-diagonalizable Liouvillians also for bosons, and include quadratic systems. In extension of the quasi-free open systems, quadratic open systems comprise additional Hermitian Lindblad operators that are quadratic in the ladder operators. While Gaussian states may then evolve into non-Gaussian states, the Liouvillian can still be transformed to a useful block-triangular form, and the equations of motion for k-point Green’s functions form a closed hierarchy. Based on this formalism, results on criticality and dissipative phase transitions in such models are discussed in a companion paper.
Looking for God
Authors: Williams Thomas
Published: November 2022

With this detailed sketch of the divine nature before us, Chapter 3 turns to Anselm’s most famous argument for the claim that the original of our sketch must exist outside the mind—in other words, to his ontological argument for the existence of God. Anselm summarizes his account of the divine nature by describing God as ‘that than which a greater cannot be thought’. That is, God—if there is a God—is a being so great, so perfect, as to be unsurpassable in greatness and perfection. Anselm argues that there are features of ‘that than which a greater cannot be thought’ that guarantee its existence: it is strictly impossible to conceive of the nonexistence of this being of unsurpassable greatness. Anselm’s argument met with immediate pushback. An otherwise unknown monk named Gaunilo argued that if Anselm’s form of argument worked, it would prove not only the existence of a greatest possible being but the existence of a greatest possible island, which is clearly absurd. Anselm’s response to Gaunilo’s ‘Lost Island counterexample’—perhaps the most celebrated counterexample in the history of philosophy—extends and clarifies his original reasoning. Anselm explains that there are certain features of the greatest possible being that cannot belong to something that is possible but nonexistent. Since a perfect being is indeed possible, it must exist, and it must have all the attributes laid out in Chapter 2.
How to get and keep a microbiome
Authors: Douglas Angela E.
Published: November 2022

This chapter focuses on the ways that animal and plant hosts acquire microorganisms from the external environment and other hosts, including the mother. Hosts are challenged to facilitate the colonization of beneficial microorganisms while simultaneously deterring pathogens. In humans, birth indicates the transition from a microbe-free existence to a world filled with microorganisms, while diet and social contacts could promote or resist change in the gut microbiome, which had been regarded as unique as a fingerprint. The processes involved in retaining a microbiome are complex and involve host factors (including the immune system), among-microbe interactions (such as competition and mutualisms), and chance events that result in the loss or gain of particular microbial taxa.
Building Peace From the Ground Up
Authors: Miller-Graff Laura E. , Moeschberger Scott L. , Maloney Catherine A.
Published: November 2022

Violence against children (VAC) is one of the most significant, widespread, and preventable threats to human development in our world today. This chapter, which introduces the broader volume, argues that to promote just and sustainable responses to VAC, scholars and practitioners must develop a robust understanding of how direct, structural, and cultural forms of violence interact across social systems to coproduce and compound VAC and its negative effects. This understanding of VAC motivates a multisectoral response that seeks to promote intergenerational health and well-being through addressing violence in all its forms. With chapters highlighting diverse methodological approaches, context-specific case studies, and approaches to redress violence through practice and policy, this volume is designed to be a resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working to prevent VAC.
Child Sex and Labor Trafficking
Authors: Kinnish Kelly , Perry Elizabeth W. , Reuben Katherine , O’Hara Kathryn , Self-Brown Shannon
Published: November 2022

This chapter explores the trafficking of children for sex and labor globally, with particular emphasis on experiences of trauma and violence prior to and while being trafficked. Complex, intersecting, and compounding vulnerabilities are reviewed, including individual violence exposure and maltreatment, parent and caregiving factors, systems involvement, vulnerability of youth from marginalized populations, and poverty and economic factors. The impacts of trafficking are often severe. In particular, trafficked children experience very high rates of trauma, significant posttraumatic stress symptoms, and other deleterious mental health outcomes. These impacts and emerging effective interventions are reviewed and implications for public policy and directions for future research are discussed.
Education in Crisis
Authors: Boothby Neil , Mills Abigail L. , Sharon Ygal , Salvatory Shukrani
Published: November 2022

This chapter provides preliminary findings on a group of war-affected children and youth who attempted to restart their schooling by enrolling in accelerated education programs (AEPs) in insecure, rural communities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in an internationally subsidized refugee camp in Tanzania. Two cohorts of learners in AEPs (cohort 1, N = 841; cohort 2, N = 633), aged 10 to 17 years, were randomly selected from a list of eligible children. Over the course of 4 years, the educational outcomes and academic progress of students enrolled in the AEPs were examined. The present study found significant progress in reading, comprehension, and math skills among students who were able to complete one or more years of the AEPs. The overall reach and impact of the AEPs were diminished due to high attrition rates from the AEPs. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
Dignity in Care
Authors: Chochinov Harvey Max
Published: November 2022

This chapter is a culmination of insights and approaches based on a program of research that engaged hundreds of patients exploring what supports, or undermines, their sense of dignity. Innovations such as the Patient Dignity Inventory and Dignity Therapy describe approaches that are well supported by research and that can inform anyone in healthcare on how to be attentive to patient dignity, whatever the current healthcare challenges may be. This chapter also provides a very detailed description of the Dignity Model, with case illustrations demostrating how each element of the model informs ways of achieving dignity in care.