bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Doweled Joints in Concrete Pavements
Authors: Sii How Bing , Chai Gary W. , van Staden Rudi , Guan Hong
Published: August 2013

Concrete pavements are usually selected by pavement engineers for roads subjected to heavy traffic loading and feature high maintenance and construction costs. As such, the structural behaviour of concrete pavements with doweled joints is evaluated herein using Finite Element Method. The pavement system is modelled using three-dimensional brick elements and five loading cases are applied to replicate realistic vehicular loadings approaching and leaving the joint. The structural behaviour of the pavement at the doweled joint is investigated for: (1) pavement with and without voids, and (2) different dowel bar spacing. The amount of load transfer was obtained from the shear force in the beam elements that simulate dowels. Results show that the voids underneath the joint causes an increase in the vertical displacement of the concrete slab and vertical stress at concrete/dowel bar interface which may result in crushing of the concrete and dowel loosening. Wider dowel spacings result in increased shear forces and the size of the region containing engaged dowels does not change significantly with dowel spacing, only effecting the distribution of shear forces. The study shows that the dowel bars perform effectively as a load transfer device in the concrete pavement system even under severe conditions.
Applied Non-Destructive Tests to Synthetically Investigate the Bearing Capacity Loss of Pavement
Authors: Wang Han Yi , Wu Hung Wei , Shiu Ruei Hung , Lin Jyh Dong
Published: August 2013

This study was set out to analyze and investigate the damaged surface course of a newly-constructed road pavement within the two years after its completion. Because the idea of sustainable public infrastructure in Taiwan has recently encouraged the use of renewable materials in the design phase, parts of this roads pavement structure is composed of recycled asphalt concrete, renewable agents, disposed construction surplus and the like. Considering the complex relationship between the damaged condition of the road pavement and factors such as its load repetitions, its design, its construction process and management, and road management, this study employed an intelligent vehicle for pavement survey, Benkelman Beam method, GeoGauge, and Ground Penetrating Radar to examine the roads pavement structure. After cross-analyzing the results from the non-destructive testing, certain parts of the road and the possibly-damaged structure of the pavement were sampled for material testing. The results from the material testing indicated that the related mechanical parameters of the road sections sampled by the non-destructive testing were significantly lower than the normal standards. Moreover, the results from the GPR analysis revealed that the water content of the subgrade of the severely-damaged road sections was high. The low loading capacity of the pavement structure was mainly due to the high groundwater water level in the surrounding area and the penetration of the rain into the cracks of the surface course. This study proposes that nondestructive testing can facilitate sampling sections for material testing to better ensure the quality of the construction although random sampling is commonly seen in the standard material testing for acceptance of completed work. In addition, the study suggests that non-destructive testing can be one requirement for the acceptance of completed work in pavement projects with renewable materials to better evaluate the quality of the pavement after its construction.
A Comparison between Austroads Pavement Structural Design and AASHTO Design in Flexible Pavement
Authors: Ghadimi Behzad , Nikraz Hamid , Leek Colin , Nega Ainalem
Published: August 2013

This study deals with the Austroads (2008) Guide to Pavement Technology Part 2: Pavement Structural Design on which most road pavement designs in Australia are based. Flexible pavement designs and performance predictions for pavements containing one of more bound layers derived from the mechanistic Austroads pavement design methodology and the AASHTO-2004 approach are compared for Australian conditions, with consideration of subgrade and other material properties and local design preferences. The comparison has been made through two well-known programs namely CIRCLY (5.0) and KENLAYER. The study shows that each guide has its own advantages and disadvantages in predicting stress and strain in pavement layers under different conditions. The study recommends that modifications are necessary resulting in more realistic and longer lasting pavements in Australia.
Evaluation of Polymer-Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt Used for Gobi Road
Authors: Kim Yong Joo , Yang Sung Lin , Kim Yeong Min , Hwang Sung Do , Kwon Soo Ahn , Batjargal D. , Ganbold D.
Published: August 2013

South Gobi road of 240-km flexible pavement was constructed from UKHAA KHUDAG to GASHUUN SUKHAIT in South Gobi, Mongolia in 2011. However, due to the heavy traffic and severe weather condition, early distresses have occurred from a length of 100-km flexible pavements in South Gobi road after one year service life. In order to enhance crack and rutting resistances and to improve paving quality control in South Gobi road, polymer modifier is selected to reduce rutting at high temperature and cracking at low temperature and warm-mix asphalt (WMA) additive is selected to reduce the mixing and compacting temperatures and provide better compaction on the road and the ability to haul paving mix for longer distances. This paper adopted comprehensive asphalt tests to evaluate physical and rheological characteristics, and crack potential at low temperature for use in a South Gobi road. Laboratory tests were performed on asphalt binder with a polymer modifier and warm-mix asphalt additive by conducting the following tests: softening test, ductility test, SuperpaveTMtest and cold bending test. These test results of asphalt binder with SBS polymer modifier and warm-mix asphalt additive were significantly more positive than those of typical asphalt binder. On the basis of test results, it can be concluded that the asphalt binder with SBS polymer modifier and WMA additive is stronger and less susceptible to rutting and crack than typical asphalt binder used in South Gobi.
Indirect Tensile Strength of Concrete Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Using the Superpave Indirect Tensile Test
Authors: Su Yu Min , Hossiney Nabil , Tia Mang
Published: August 2013

Concrete mixes containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) were evaluated by the Superpave® Indirect Tensile (IDT) strength test using a constant force-control and a displacement-control rate. The IDT strength of concrete without RAP at early age was seen to increase as the temperature decreased. The effect of temperature was not seen among the concrete at later ages. In addition, the IDT strength of concrete containing RAP was seen to decrease as the percentage of RAP and temperature increased. The IDT strength computed from the maximum load at 28 days curing time was found to correlate well with the splitting tensile strength.
Phased Evaluation Theory and Study on Adhesion between Asphalt and Stone Based on Surface Energy Theory
Authors: Ling Tian Qing , Wang Yuan Yuan , Shi Chao Hui
Published: August 2013

As for the existing surface energy adhesion theories which are used to evaluate asphalt and stone's adhesive performance quantitatively, they are either dealing with the interface between solid asphalt and solid stone which can not adhere according to the formulas and definitions in process of adhesion or else roughly characterizing the solid asphalt and stone's adhesion properties with the adhesion index of heated asphalt and solid stone. So according to the forming process of asphalt mixture , this paper puts forward the method and principle to evaluate asphalt and stone's adhesion based on the surface energy theory. It evaluates the adhesion properties of asphalt and stone under hydrous and anhydrous conditions respectively. In the anhydrous condition, we choose contact angle and the Gibbs free energy of failure stage as the indexes of evaluating asphalt - stone interface's adhesion properties, while the materials under the hydrous condition, we select cohesional work, contact angle, Gibbs free energy as the indexes of evaluating asphalt-stone system's resistance of moisture.
Properties of Cement Asphalt Emulsion Mortar for Pavement
Authors: Du Jia Chong , Kuo Ming Feng , Yeh J.C.
Published: August 2013

This study focused on the properties of the cement asphalt emulsion (CA) mortar. The mixtures of the samples were fabricated and allowed them seven, fourteen and twenty eight days for curing before tested by compressive strength, three points flexural test, and indirect tensile strength to probe into their engineering properties. Hydraulic cement mortar samples used as control are analyzed for comparison. The test results show that the compressive strength is hydraulic cement mortar greater than CA mortar; the flexural strength at curing of 28 days is CA mortar greater than hydraulic cement mortar, however, at curing of 7 and 14 days is hydraulic cement mortar greater than CA mortar; and the indirect tensile strength is hydraulic cement mortar greater than CA mortar. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis results show that the Ca (OH2) increased with increases curing time. The CA mortar samples fabricated needs appropriate water for lubrication. Thus, the water absorption of fine aggregate must be concerned. The emulsion asphalt added too much may reduce the strength. In field test, the CA mortar performs very well, especially in workability.
Characteristics of Compressed Concrete Paving Units Produced from Washed Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash
Authors: Kuo Wen Ten , Liu Chih Chien , Wang Her Yung , Shu Chun Ya
Published: August 2013

This study replaced natural aggregate with a fine aggregate of washed municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (WMSWIBA) in the production of compressed concrete paving units to increase the applications of WMSWIBA. The cement-aggregate ratios investigated were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, and the water-cement ratios were 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30. The results showed that the coefficient of permeability of the compressed concrete paving units was less than 2.66×10-5 cm/sec, the water absorption was 13.55~4.75%, the porosity was 8.05~1.62%, the compressive strength was 12.3~48.5 MPa, the ultrasonic pulse velocity was 1521~3059 m/sec, and the attrition volume loss was 117.7~16.0 cm3/50 cm2. The results suggested that the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity increase with the cement-aggregate ratio, whereas the attrition loss decreases.
Comparative Study of Solar Panels for Roadway Operations
Authors: Lee K. Wayne , Correia Andrew J. , Neilan Brett D.J. , Dahn Ben
Published: August 2013

All day long the transportation infrastructure receives solar energy from the sun rays, storing much of them as heat that is left to dissipate by nightfall. The concept of harvesting solar energy from transportation infrastructure is enticing because it offers a way to collect solar energy by utilizing an extensive infrastructure that already exists. Thus, an attempt was made to investigate novel methods for solar energy harvesting and conversion with potential economic efficiency substantially beyond that of current technology. Particularly, a comparative study was conducted between rigid and flexible solar panels.
Effectiveness of Steam Treating Method on Inhibiting the Expansive Problem of Concrete with Slag as Aggregate
Authors: Wang Wei Chien , Liu Chih Chien , Lee Chau
Published: August 2013

The furnace slag are the by-products of the steel industry, the main ingredients are the oxide of calcium, alumina and magnesium, and some silica. Slag used as concrete aggregate could cause the problem of the volume expansion of concrete. The expansion problem may be produced by ASR or free calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in slag. This research stabilizing the non-ASR reactive slag using steam treatment analyzes the effectiveness of steam treating technique inhibiting the expansive problem for slag used in concrete. And this paper also discusses the effect of the steam treating time on the performance of inhibiting the expansive problem.
Lowering the Asphalt Production Temperature - Foam Asphalt Allows Greener Roads
Authors: Biedermann Andreas , Jacobi Christian , Bieder Andrea
Published: August 2013

New technologies enable the manufacturing of asphalt at reduced temperatures. As a result The energy consumption per ton of asphalt and the emissions at the road construction site drop significantly. Whilst conventional asphalt is produced at around 170 ° C, the low - temperature processes of today allow production temperatures of around 100 ° C. Various technologies for this are ready for application by road construction industry. Foam bitumen, waxes and other additives, special bitumen or alternative mixing cycles can be suitable for use, depending on the application. Changing the way of asphalt production in an industry takes several years or even decades. In this paper, we will present low temperature asphalt technologies based on the promising technology of foam bitumen and how they are applied in practice.
Performance Evaluation of Recycled SMA Mixtures with Warm-Mix Agent
Authors: Chen Jing Yun , Liu Jia Yin , Ma Qiang
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this paper is to study the pavement performance of warm-mix recycled SMA mixture. This paper presents a comparative study on performances of aged mixture and warm-mix recycled SMA adding regenerator and warm-mix agent. The results of air void content show that the best mixing temperature of warm-mix recycled SMA mixture is 140 degree centigrade. The Marshall stability, flow number, Marshall residual stability, indirect tensile strength ratio after freezing and thawing and dynamic stability before and after recycling are obtained from laboratory tests. The performance of recycled mixtures is better than aged mixture in all indicators except dynamic stability. The fatigue life of warm mix-recycled modified SMA mixture is 1.5~2.6 times as the aged ones in various stress levels. All indicators meet specification requirements. The conclusion is that the fatigue properties and long-term performance of warm-mix recycled SMA mixture can be improved after recycling with small sacrifice in rutting resistant. The introduction of warm mix agent extends the construction period in winter of the hot in-place recycling and reduces the secondary aging.
A Performance-Specified and Reliability-Based Approach for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Long Term Pavement Maintenance Contracts
Authors: Lee Jih Chiang , Lin Jyh Dong , Chiou Chin Rung , Wang Han Yi
Published: August 2013

The objectives of this paper are to present the feasibility of utilizing reliability-based method to quantify life-cycle cost associated with performance specification. And a framework develops for quantifying the life-cycle cost. The framework consists of three components: (1) the pavement deterioration performance prediction; (2) the reliability-based risk estimation; and (3) the life-cycle cost analysis. An example is illustrated using the International Roughness Index (IRI) data to demonstrate how the approach works. The approach has potential for use in valuation of long term pavement maintenance contracts.
Evaluation of Permanent Deformation Models in Asphalt Mixture Overlays for Hot Climates
Authors: Mwanza Aaron D. , Hao Pei Wen , Dong Xiao Ming
Published: August 2013

Results from a third mobile load simulator (MLS3) experiment indicates that in-situ determination of the under laying pavement material elastic modulus properties using the back calculation method from falling weight deflection measurements provide reliable material model inputs for finite element analysis. In this study, finite element (FE) prediction models available in abaqus were implemented to simulate the rutting performance of asphalt mixture overlays under accelerated loading. A unified, three dimensional pavement section was proposed as a constitutive material model for the rutting prediction of various pavement section combinations in FE analysis. The asphalt overlay mix was treated as an elastic material and its corresponding material properties were determined from laboratory tests while falling weight deflection tests were conducted to determine the underlaying layer moduli. In general, the FE creep and elasto-viscoplastic models predicted that rutting developments match well with the MLS3 measured results. However, to perform an effective evaluation of the FE simulation analysis and obtain reliable prediction results from an MLS3 experiment, some special techniques to obtain and characterize material input parameters are deemed necessary.
Field Evaluation of Surface Treatments on Existing Asphalt Pavement in National Highway
Authors: Kim Yong Joo , Lim Jae Kyu , Son Hyeon Jang , Kwon Sooahn Ahn , Hong Jae Cheng , Shin Hyun Jin
Published: August 2013

In Korea, recently, surface treatments are recommended to use in distressed pavements due to cost-effective, extension of pavement life, and improvement of surface performance such as friction and noise. In this study, microsurfacing and polymer slurry seal are selected to evaluate assessment of field application and their performance. The test section using both surface treatments were built on hot-mix asphalt (HMA) surfaced national highway at the same time and then their performance are monitored right after the construction. To evaluate the field performance of surface treatments, friction, noise, crack and IRI values are measured using noise-measuring vehicle, British pendulum tester (BPT), and pavement evaluation surveyor (PES) before and after applying surface treatments. On the basis of the field performance of surface treatments, pavement surface treated with microsurfacing and polymer slurry seal shows better fiction resistance and noise reduction compared to pavement surface without preservation treatment. It is postulated that the surface characteristics using surface treatments can be improved but long-term performance should be monitored over the service life.
Evaluation and Validation of Characterization Methods for Fatigue Performance of Asphalt Mixes for Western Australia
Authors: Nega Ainalem , Nikraz Hamid , Leek Colin , Ghadimi Behzad
Published: August 2013

The determination of appropriate pavement thickness using laboratory determined parameters is one of the key issues facing the road manager. Five different types of asphalt mixes were produced in laboratory to modify pavement performance mixture. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the characterization methods for fatigue performance of asphalt mixes to Western Australia road. In this study, laboratory test for indirect tensile modulus, dynamic creep, wheel tracking and aggregate gradation tests were taken to analyze each asphalt mixtures for a design traffic road. The results and analysis showed that AC20-75 asphalt mix blow is the most effective and efficient in pavement performance than the other asphalt mixes. AC14-75 was the second in rank to strengthen and durability of asphalt pavement. All asphalt mixes in this study can be used to strength and stable the overall stiffness of pavement, and modification rank can be described as AC20-75 Blow > AC14-75 Blow > AC14-50 Blow > AC7-50 Blow > SMA7-50 Blow in this research.
The Interface Bonding Performance Experiment Analysis of Slag Base Cement Concrete Pavement Repair Material
Authors: Li Ming , Zhi Xi Lan , Yao Ai Ling , Jia Rui
Published: August 2013

Due to the effect of various additional stress,cement concrete pavement repair material and the original road interface been damaged,which cause pavement breakdown. In order to solve this problem,this paper analyzing the reason of new and old concrete interface weakness and the require of interface bonding performance,the flexural bonding experiment method is used to test performance,and to verify slag base as a new type of repair material,which matched with cement paste contains expansion agent as an interface boning agent.Results shows that this new repair material can satisfy the interface bonding performance requirements very well.
Analyzing Bidding Strategy for Pavement Engineering with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making
Authors: Chiou Chin Rung , Lin Jyh Dong , Huang Guan Jia
Published: August 2013

This study analyzes key success factors of bidding results and provides the optimal bidding strategy for the pavement engineering. According to Public construction bidding management system data of Public Construction Commission of Executive Yuan, we found that the optimal bidding strategies in the most studies only focused on bidding prices and winning bid amounts. However, public constructions are usually on a large scale with great investments, it is critical to control budgets under quality and duration considerations. In addition, it is complicated for bidders to implement the optimal bidding strategy under multiple bidding factors. Hence, this study applies statistical analysis to find key success factors of bidding data in Taoyuan pavement engineering from 2008 to 2012 for evaluating the optimal bidding strategy with the multi-criteria decision-making method. Our research results show that bidders can increase the probability of winning bids and enables to allocate their resources with accurate bidding price forecast. In particular, the differences between the award amounts and base prices after applying the optimal bidding strategy are also provided.
Experience of Establishing Safe and Accessible Sidewalk for Pedestrians in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Shih Huang , Lin Chia Wen , Wu Tzu Yi , You Ching Chih , Hsu Kai Chun
Published: August 2013

By focusing on the result of The Annual National Safe and Accessible Sidewalk Assessment project, this study performed factor analysis between the practical conduct and policy conduct. The study reviewed on previous sidewalk safe and accessible literature reviews; such as elderly population, safe and accessible space and planning design of sidewalk, and factor analysis related researches. From the result of factor analysis, two factors were extracted from the policy aspect and three factors were extracted from the practical conduct. For the two factors that extracted from the policy conduct, it was the Overall Planning Management and Execution and Sidewalk Suitability. For the Overall Planning Management and Execution, its eigenvalue was 4.866 and the explained value reached 54.069; which was the primary influence factor of the policy conduct. As for the three factors that extracted from the practical conduct, it was the Accessibility, Safety Facility Maintenance Condition, and Space Planning. Among the factors, the eigenvalue of Accessibility was 5.179, and explained variance reached 51.786; which was the primary influence factor of the practical conduct. Therefore, it was suggested that for future improvements on the pedestrian environment, governmental agencies should strengthen on relevant sidewalk policies in order to regulate pedestrian safe and accessible space. It should accord the legal policies to execute on the overall improvement and development plan of the practical conduct. Other than that, in the process of practical assessment, it should have efficient and active action and planning on the safety and space aspects.
Empirical Analysis of the Impact of FDI on China‘s Environment
Authors: Xu Yang , Shang Wen Bin
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the panel data model of China's 29 provinces from 2000 to 2008,to study the environmental effects of foreign direct investment, and analysis the differences of the environmental effects of foreign direct investment.from the eastern, central and western three economic belts. Empirical results show that, FDI inflows have a negative environmental impact to China, and this effect is weaker in the east and stronger in the west. Relative policy suggestions are given based on the research.
Optimal CO2 Reduction Investment of Power Plants under Uncertainties
Authors: Wang Su Feng , Deng Mei
Published: August 2013

According to the current situation of domestic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction and the abatement planning of power plants, the decision-making model for optimal CO2 abatement investment in power plants has been built concerning uncertainties on CO2 policies and investment return rate. Under the framework, a case study on power plant was introduced. It is found that (i) higher permits price may stimulate power plants to increase abatement investment under certain return rate, (ii) whether power plants choose to invest more or not depends on the value of returns at fixed carbon price, and (iii) investment and its returns will change in the same directions with the investment return rate. It is suggested that for the mitigation goals to be met in a more efficient way, more stringent CO2 control measures and policies to lower investment costs should be taken into account.
Research on System Simulation for Aircraft Noise Environment Impact Assessment on Basis of C4ISRE
Authors: Niu Dun , Ma Yun Feng , Zhu Lei , Liu Zheng , Hu Xiao Min
Published: August 2013

Based on the environmental impact assessment automation system (C4ISRE) and environmental remote sensing technology, integrating virtual reality simulation method, the environmental impact assessment of aircraft noise pollution was simulated by system simulation. Took Environmental Impact Assessment for new school site of Northeastern University for example, the simulation for environmental impact assessment of noise pollution was realized, which provided an effective way to further study Informatization Environmental Assessment.
The Energy-Environment Risk System Model
Authors: Shen Xiao Liu , Mo Li Juan , Huang Chun You
Published: August 2013

The study of energy-environment risk is still at a preliminary stage in China, which has not formed a system but focused on risk causes, risk status and future risks. This paper views energy, environment as a system and establishes an energy-environment risk system model from the perspective of risk management. An example using industrial waste gas pollution data of Beijing between 2001 and 2010 is shown. The results prove that the model can assess the practical effect of protection strategies and emission reduction policies. It also provides references for energy planning and sustainable development policy making.
The Progress of Environmental Risk Management
Authors: Wang Ying , Hu Jun Sheng , Zhao Yin Ping
Published: August 2013

With the rapid development of industrial economy, the environmental accidents in china occur frequently. The incessant occurrence of the major environmental accidents makes the environmental risk management gets more and more attention, so establishing effective and viable environmental risk management mechanism and completing the work of the environmental risk management is urgency.
A Literature Review of the Ecological Society in Contemporary China
Authors: Deng Yong Fang , Hu Wen Juan
Published: August 2013

Domestic researchers paid attention to the ecological society, on the basis of defining the concept of ecological society, they did many researches on analyzing the features, dividing the stage and searching the path, and acquired some theoretical results.We sort out their researching achievements and find there are still some problems.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Yulin Coal Mining Area: Based on the PETAR Method
Authors: Zhang Li
Published: August 2013

In order to unravel the correlation and causality between multi-stressor sources, multi-risk receptors and multi-type ecological effects of the Yulin Coal Mining Area. Through qualitative evaluation, this study preliminarily described the main stressor sources, risk receptors and the largest ecological effect over the Yulin coal mining area and progressive and conductive relation among the stressor sources, risk receptors and ecological effects using the Procedure for Ecological Tiered Assessment of Risk method (PETAR). The PETAR method seems to be operable and effective in evaluating coal mining areas ecological risks with multiple risk sources, risk receptors and multi-type ecological effects.
Payment for Enviromental Services Based on Three Environmental Evaluation Methods in Miyun Reservoir River Basin, Beijing, China
Authors: Zheng Hai Xia
Published: August 2013

Payment for Environmental Services (PES) has been widely adopted as a solution to compensate upstream water users for providing clean water. However, the size of payments is critical to the success of PES, and the problems of determining the correct price is often critical to the implementation of PES policies. We demonstrate three independent valuation methods to determine the price of the ecosystem service (ES) of water quality in the Miyun Reservoir, the main surface water source for Beijing. The three using valuation methods are: i) Water Resources Benefits Assessment (WRBA), ii) Contingent valuation method (CVM), and opportunity cost of limitation of development rights (OCLDR). We found the value of water quality is lowest using OCLDR, highest with CVM, and the WRBA in-between. We propose OCLDR is used to determine compensation to upstream; WRBA for pricing water transfer; and CVM for payments integrated water quality improvement.
The Analysis of the Evaluation of the Marine Nature Reserve-Ecosystem Services
Authors: Zhong Na
Published: August 2013

The evaluation of the Marine Nature Reserve-ecosystem services is the key to set the criterion of the Marine Nature Reserve ecological compensation. Therefore, this paper identified and classified the Marine Nature Reserve-ecosystem services first. It pointed out that the Marine ecosystem services referred to the products and services that gained from the Marine Nature Reserve ecosystem, and were necessary for human to survive and develop, including the supplying services, regulating services, cultural services and supporting services. After that, this paper discussed the problems to evaluate ecosystem. Finally, it studied the evaluation methods and models of the Marine Nature Reserve-ecosystem services.
Concentration and Assessment of Heavy Metals in Benthos in Lianyungang Area
Authors: Li Yu , Zhang Rui
Published: August 2013

Based on the monitoring data obtained from Haizhou Bay of Lianyungang in 2008, the concentrations and distributions of the heavy metals in surface water, surface sediments and benthos were studied. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in water were lower than standard, the sediment quality was good. The contents of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Hg in benthos were lower than assessment standards, Bullacta exarata was polluted by As, all animals were polluted by Cr. Organisms possessed different accumulation capacities for different heavy metals.
The Application of Dating Shallow Groundwater with Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) in Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in the Core Area of Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Zhang Hai Yan , Zhou Jian Wei , Zhang Jun , Xu Wen , Zhang De Qiang , Bai Guang Yu
Published: August 2013

Dating and tracing young groundwater with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a new technology developed several years ago. To study the origin, evolution of shallow groundwater in the core area of Daqing Oilfield, and to analysis the relationship between groundwater migration and groundwater vulnerability, the age of shallow groundwater was calculated using SF6dating technology. The result shows that, (1) the SF6age can indicate groundwater flow conditions of research area, (2) the general trend of SF6age is getting old from the north to the south, (3) the SF6age of most areas is good consistent to the groundwater vulnerability.
Fluoroimmunoassay for the Determination of Diethylstilbestrol Residue in Chicken Muscle Tissue
Authors: Dong Wen , Xue Wei Li , Wang Xin Yi , Du Ling Yun , Wang Shu Hao
Published: August 2013

A sensitive and selective method for the determination of diethylstilbestrol (DES) by fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) was established on the basis of competitive immunoreaction. The complex of avidin conjugated by quantum dots (QDs-avidin) was regarded as a probe in this system and the avidin-biotin system as the signal amplification system. After optimizing the conditions of immunoreaction such as the time and temperature of incubating, the pH of the buffer solution, the concentration of the reagent and so on, the linear range and the limit of detection of DES were 0.01-2000 ng·mL-1 and 4.5 pg·mL-1, respectively. The method was applied to determine DES in flesh of chicken, with the percent recoveries in the range of 81.0%-109.8%.
Research on Hydrochemistrical Characteristics of Shallow Groundwater from Huainan City
Authors: He Xiao Wen , Xu Guang Quan , Wang Wei Ning
Published: August 2013

Based on previous studies, 130 shallow groundwater samples are collected from Huainan city according to some rules, and 21 indexes of the groundwater samples are tested by different instruments. Moreover, the important works have been done, including statistical characteristics of groundwater components, and divided different types of hydrochemistry, analyses of the relationships between the hardness and Ca2+/Na+, Mg2+/Na+, TDS and the ES. The correlation between heavy metals and conventional components has been discussed. Finally, main components have influence on the quality of shallow groundwater by the method of principal component analysis.
Synthesis of Highly Dispersed Ag Nanoparticles under Microwave Irradiation with PAMAM Dendrimer as Reductant and Stabilizer for Nonenzymatic Detecting Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Fan Xiao Ping , Luo Zhi Min , Xue Li Qun , Ma Xiu Ling , Chen Sheng
Published: August 2013

A simple and sensitive electrochemical method for the nonenzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been proposed. Highly dispersed Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized under microwave irradiation with PAMAM dendrimer as reductant and stabilizer. The formation of Ag NPs decorated with PAMAM dendrimer (Ag-G3.5-PAMAM) was confirmed by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis). The as-prepared Ag-G3.5-PAMAM was used to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for nonenzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide. It is showed that the fabricated electrochemical sensor based on Ag-G3.5-PAMAM exhibits fast response to hydrogen peroxide.The result indicates that Ag-G3.5-PAMAM may have promising applications in the development of nonenzymatic sensor for hydrogen peroxide in the future.
Analysis of Influence of Estuary Artificial Wetland on Water Environmental Capacity
Authors: Pan Jun , Liu Yang , Leng Te
Published: August 2013

The model of artificial wetland is designed using the data of hydrology and water quality, to analyze influence of estuary wetland on water environmental capacity in Yangguan-river. The change of concentration of COD and TN is simulated by inputting the model to FEFLOW software. Environmental capacity is calculated on condition that sewage plant is discharging upstream. The result shows that, water quality and environmental capacity are improved by wetland. Environmental capacity of COD can meet the water quality target, but TN cant meet the target because of the high background concentration. This conclusion can be used to formulate or modify the environmental protection and plan.
Analysis of Sedimentary Environments and Silt Transport Beidai River
Authors: Wang Feng , Fang Nian Qiao , Jin Bing Fu , Cai Tian Tian , Zhao Lu , Shen Peng Fei
Published: August 2013

On the basis of the study of sediment types and dynamic partition zones of heavy minerals assemblage, silt transport tendency in Beidai River coastal sediment are discussed. According to the outcome of analysis of 47 samples of the heavy minerals in Beidai River coastal sediment, it is shown that: (1) there are three heavy minerals epidote, amphibole and iron that were rich in mineral content; (2) light and heavy mineral separation was better, the distribution of which showed a clear saddle shape, and two kinds of high minerals and low showed a pattern of alternate distribution; (3) the general trend of silt transport in Nandai River estuary mouth to the ocean is from southwest to northeast, but on the root of the land to the sea in Beidai River District, the direction of silt transport is from the root to the two wings extending.his template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.
Ecological Condition of Diatoms Flora in Holocene Sediments of Razdolnaya River (Far East of Russia)
Authors: Elbakidze Ekaterina
Published: August 2013

The ecological structure of diatoms communities was researched from sediments of the First Razdolnaya river terrace (Southern Primorye). The obtained data allowed to establish climatic rhythmics and the related transgression-regression cycles, are typical for the area of researches. The analysis of the replacement lagoon-marine diatoms complexes by lacustrine, alluvial and marsh ones allow us to establish the amplitudes of the Japan Sea fluctuations and ingression penetration into river valley. The maximum of the ingression penetration (up to 23 km from sea-shore) toward river-valley corresponds to Holocene climatic optimum. The sea level could exceed modern on +3m at this time and influenced on the coastline formation.
Environmental Release of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in the Surface Sediments of Dianchi Lake, China
Authors: Liu Hua Ying , Li Hui , Deng Sha , Zhan Ju Hong , Song Di , Pan Xue Jun
Published: August 2013

In this study, the total mass of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) were calculated by the method of Thiessen Polygons in water and pore water of surface sediments of Dianchi Lake in 2010 and 2011, and the increments were used to reflecte the really environmental release status during this period. The results showed that the sediments of Dianchi Lake were still as a sink for P until 2010, which was different from other researches of Dianchi Lake. The major circulating form was dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in water-sediments interface, especially was the PO43-. However, the content of N in the sediments of Dianchi had reached saturation and the sediments were as a source of N before 2010, while the release trend of N from sediments became slow gradually.
Improvement of Technological Process of Sewage Purification with Use of Hydrophytes in Gold Mining Industry in Priamurye
Authors: Krupskaya Ludmila , Zvereva Valentina Pavlovna
Published: August 2013

The paper presents the results of the long-standing investigations of the problem of the industrial sewage purification in the process of gold mining and improvement of the technological procedure with the use of the higher water vegetation (hydrophytes) in Priamurye. The extent of their purification with biological method turned to be significantly higher than with the chemical method used at present at the study mining enterprise.
Microwave Liquefaction for Bamboo Powder Polyhydric Alcohols and Preparation of Polyether Glycol
Authors: Zhang Jin Ping , Du Meng Hao , Hu Li Song
Published: August 2013

The bamboo powder is liquefied by microwave heating with polyethylene glycol (400), glycerin and EC as liquefiers and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The microwave liquefaction process for bamboo powder polyhydric alcohols is studied with the single factor experiment to determine the optimal liquefaction conditions, which is: mass ratio of polyethylene glycol (400) and glycerin is 80:20; the liquefaction rate is 99% in the liquid-solid mass fraction at 4:1, sulfuric acid mass fraction at 3%, and microwave power at 800W for 15 minute reaction. Hydroxyl value for liquefied product of bamboo powder polyhydric alcohols is 300-400mgKOH/g. Analysis of liquefied products by infrared spectrum and GC-MS shows there are a great many such compounds as alcohol ethers and esters in liquefied products.
The Effect and Flow Field Characteristics of Oil Booms with Different Structures
Authors: Hao Zong Rui , Bie Hai Yan , Bai Zhao Yuan
Published: August 2013

In order to study the effect of oil boom gate under different towing speeds, the standard k-ɛ model is combined with the VOF multiphase flow model to analyze the flow field morphology of towage state. The results show that both the monomer oil boom and the double oil boom have good effects in the lower drag speed. But the monomer oil boom would lose its effect gradually with the increasing of drag speed. When the drag speed is up to 0.7 m/s, the monomer oil boom is invalid, while the double oil boom still works well at this speed. It reveals that the double oil boom has better effects than that of monomer oil boom.
A Research on the Morphology and Composition of Flocs (Part 2: Floc Breakage Included)
Authors: Ding Shi Qiang , Wei Yuan Yuan , Pang Xin Rong , Xu Ji Run
Published: August 2013

The floc breakage plays an important role in the flocculation, the stable floc size or morphology distribution is the result of the equilibrium of formation and breakage. In this paper, the breakage approaches or models for different kind and size of flocs have been discussed. By introducing special breakage functions and comparing their relative values, the numbers of various flocs are verified to be still proportional to the suspension concentration compared with the situation in which the breakage is neglected. However, as illustrated in this paper, the total number of every kind of floc is still a power function of the suspension concentration for dilute suspensions where the number concentration of solid particles is linearly related to the volume concentration. This is similar to that where the breakage is disregarded, although the number for every kind of floc is inevitably changed. In addition, a potential quantitative method to analyze the relative composition of different kinds of flocs is presented by measuring the contributions of the flocs to the suspension viscosity.
Numerical Simulation of the Vegetation Effect on Tailing Sand Atmospheric Transport in Uranium Tailing Impoundment
Authors: Peng Xiao Yong , Zhang Xin , Huang Shuai , Chai Xu Sheng , Guo Lan Xia , Wan Fen , Xie Qing Fang
Published: August 2013

For two conditions of (non-) vegetation cover in uranium tailings beach face, the concentration distribution and settlement regularity of tailing sand with diameter of 10μm at speed of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 m/s was studied by numerical simulation method. Results shows, with the increase of wind speed and migration distance, particle concentration decreases. Compared with the non-vegetation cover condition, particles concentration in the condition of with vegetation cover is significantly higher than the condition that without vegetation cover; but along with the increase of horizontal distance, the concentration lowers than the latter gradually.
Lake Restoration of Arsenic Pollution by Manganese Ore
Authors: Chen Ning Xin , Huang Yong Bing , Dong Jing
Published: August 2013

Using manganese ore coated with small stones to adsorb arsenic from the contaminated water samples of Yangzonghai Lake, and several factors that may have impacts on the arsenic removal efficiency are analyzed. The result shows that the new adsorbent material has a great effect on arsenic removal. Temperature's effect on arsenic removal efficiency is not obvious. The arsenic removal efficiency increased dramatically in accordance with residence time within 0-660s, and then stabilized. The adsorption process is better when conducted in acidic conditions, the maximum adsorption rate reached 83.0% with the pH of 3.0 and it reached the minimum value of 14.7% when pH is 10. Fe3+ and Ca2+ can slightly promote manganese ore's adsorption of arsenic, and with anions CO32-, SiO32- , efficiency was slightly reduced. When fitting the kinetics data of arsenic removal by coated manganese ore, the adsorption process is correspondent with first-order reaction kinetics model. The adsorption isotherm is more close to the Freundlich isotherm model.
Effect of Aeration Intensity on Membrane Fouling of Non-Woven Fibers - MBR
Authors: Zhang Chun Hua , Dong Yu Ying , Sun Hong Jie
Published: August 2013

The influence of aeration intensity on membrane fouling in an integrated non-woven membrane bioreactors (MBR) was investigated. MBR with aeration intensity of 0.1 and 0.2m3/h was operated for artificial wastewater for 30 days. The effect of aeration intensity on quantity of extra-cellular polymeric substances (EPS), soluble EPS (EPSS), bound EPS (EPSB) and SUV254 in suspension of MBR were also investigated. The results show that high aeration intensity can improve membrane fouling in certain scope. With increasing of aeration intensity, the quantity of EPS, EPSS EPSB and SUV254 in suspension increase and irreversible fouling resistance also increases.
On Management Principles of Abandoned Mine Geological Environment
Authors: Xue Shou Yi
Published: August 2013

Based on a large number of mine geological environment treatment project experience and theoretical results, the basic principles of mine geological environment management were generalized, they are overall planning, implementation step by step; adjust measures to local conditions, assisting nature; ecological priority, comprehensive treatment; ensuring safety, doing according to its abilities; minimum intervention, landscape harmonious; feasibility in technology, rationality in economy; dynamic design, timely adjust. These principles will help to reasonably determine the treatment targets, and for the right design scheme.
Overview and Prospect of Strengthen Ozone Oxidation Technology in Water Treatment
Authors: Zhao Wen Yu , Zheng Xiao Feng , Xu Li Wei , Yang Guang Wen , Mu Qi
Published: August 2013

Based on the enhanced formation of hydroxyl free radical (OH), Strengthen ozone oxidation can intensify the oxidizing ability and lower reaction selectivity as a kind of the Advanced Oxidation Technologies (AOTs). This paper introduces the research progress of strengthen ozone oxidation technology such as H2O2 strengthen, catalytic strengthen, UV strengthen, ultrasound strengthen, hydrodynamic cavitations strengthen et al, and points out the research focus and application prospects of this technology.
QSAR Study on Toxic Effects of Reactive Organic Compounds
Authors: Cao Zhi Min , Wu Zhen Zhen , Lin Zhi Fen
Published: August 2013

There is an essential need to use computation-based quantitative structureactivity relationship (QSAR) modeling for providing information about the physicochemical properties of chemicals and their environmental fate as well as their human health effects. The major aims of this paper is to explore ways to predict and to identify hazardous combinations of chemicals relevant to humans and the environment. So we use QSAR modeling for toxicological predictions determine the potential adverse effects of reactive organic compounds in risk assessment.
Study on the Electrokinetic Remediation Technology of Cr (VI) Polluted Soil
Authors: Chen Feng , Xing Ji Hong , Cao Zhang Wei
Published: August 2013

Electrokinetic remediation is in-situ remediation technique. Potassium dichromate was chosen as the pollutant and its initial concentration was 500mg·kg-1 in Kaolin soil. This experiment, we are to study the feasibility ,the factors which influence the whole course, including applied voltage, treatment time, soil moisture, OH- produced at the cathode and its control. It indicate that, there is separating out oxygen at anode, hydry at cathode. Cr2O72-and CrO42- absorb electron to change to Cr3+, and unite to Cr (OH)3. The experiment results show OH- produced at the cathode has crucial effects on the removal efficiency of chromium; secondly the applied voltage and treatment time have important influence on the efficiency, and the soil moisture affects the efficiency in some degree.