bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of different treatments on seed dormancy breaking and germination in Acer cappadocicum Gleditsch var. cappadocicum
Authors: Erdogan Genç Hanife , Ömer Üçler Ali
Published: May 2020

This study was carried out to determine effects of different pretreatment on seed germination and to overcome dormancy in Acer cappadocicum seeds. The seeds were collected in 2008 three times with aproximately 15-days intervals. In order to overcome dormancy, several germination treatments were applied. The treatments were (1) different seed collection time, (2)soaking in water, (3) cold-moist stratification and (4) GA3 (gibberellic acid) application. The treated seeds were germinated in growing chamber at 5 0C and in greenhouse conditions. This research showed that seeds of Acer cappadocicum exhibit physiological dormancy and require stratification period to overcome seed dormancy. The highest germination percentage in the growing chamber subjected to GA3 process after eight weeks of stratification treatment was 62 % for Acer cappadocicum seeds. The highest germination percentage in greenhouse was obtained with cold stratification after eight weeks (95 %). It was found out that GA3 treatment had a significant effect on germination in growth chamber + 5 0C but GA3 treatment didn’t have a significant effect on germination in greenhouse conditions. GA3 treatment and soaking of unstratified seeds in water for 48 hr didn’t have any positive effect on germination value in greenhouse conditions. Although growth chamber and green house results both indicated that seed collection time did not seem to play a role as statistically on seed germination, Duncan’s test showed that the third seed collection time was in a different group.
Component composition of body weight in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Pivtorak K.V.
Published: May 2020

The issue of the relationship between the features of the component composition of body weight with the emergence and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is particularly relevant. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the component composition of the body weight in patients with NAFLD compared with almost healthy people of the first mature age. A comprehensive examination and analysis of anthropometric data of 112 patients with NAFLD of the first mature age of the Podolski region was carried out in comparison with the anthropometric data of practically healthy people, which were taken from the data bank of the materials of the research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. The necessary anthropometric parameters for determining the absolute amount of adipose tissue, the absolute amount of muscle tissue, the absolute amount of bone component in body weight, using the formulas of J. Matiegka. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was performed in the program “STATISTICA 8” using parametric and non-parametric methods of estimation of the obtained results. It was found that the body fat according to the Matiegka formula in men and women with NAFLD was statistically significantly higher (p<0.001) than in the same sex of healthy men and women. Muscle weight and bone mass calculated by the Matiegka formula in men and women with NAFLD were statistically significantly lower (p<0.05) than in the healthy sex of men and women. Moreover, muscle and bone mass in healthy and NAFLD men were statistically significantly greater (p<0.05) than in the same age groups of women. Men and women with NAFLD have strong inverse correlations between muscle mass and body mass index. Also, the mean strengths of the correlation between the bone mass and body mass index were established. The obtained results, together with a known increase in body fat in NAFLD, show a significant change in muscle and bone mass toward a decrease, which allows us to identify new potential therapeutic targets.
Modeling by regression analysis of the transverse dimensions of the upper and lower jaws and sagittal characteristics of the dental arch in young women with a very wide face, depending on the features of the odonto- and cephalometric indicators
Authors: Pozur T.P.
Published: May 2020

Providing maximum individual orthodontic care to the patient is impossible without the use of modern instrumental methods of research and considering odontometric and cephalometric characteristics of representatives of relevant populations of different sex and age. The purpose of the study is to develop and analyze regression models of computed tomography sizes necessary to construct the correct form of dental arches in young women with a very wide face, depending on the characteristics of odonto- and cephalometric indicators. Primary computed tomographic indices of tooth size and cephalometric parameters of 50 young women with normal occlusion close to orthognathic occlusion were obtained from the data bank of the scientific-research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. Face type was determined using the Garson morphological index. The following distribution is established: with a very wide face – 21, with a wide face – 20, with a medium face – 6, with a narrow face – 3, with a very narrow face – 0. Therefore, only young women with a wide and very wide face were selected for further modeling. The development of regression models of linear dimensions necessary for the construction of the correct form of dental arches, depending on the features of odonto- and cephalometric indicators in young women with very wide faces, was carried out in a licensed statistical package “Statistica 6.0”. It is established that young women with a very wide type of face with normal occlusion have built all 18 possible reliable models (with a coefficient of determination from 0.863 to 0.962) of linear computed tomography sizes used to construct the correct form of dental arches of the upper and lower jaws in depending on the features of odontometric and cephalometric indicators. Built models in young women with a very wide face type included more often odontometric (73.0 %) than cephalometric (27.0 %) data. Among the odontometric indicators, the most frequently included models are: width of crowns of teeth in mesio-distal direction (20.7 %); width of the teeth at the level of the anatomical neck in the mesio-distal direction (14.4 %) and width of the crowns of the teeth in the vestibulo-oral direction (10.8 %); and among the cephalometric indicators – the greatest length of the head (3.6 %); average width of face and height of lower lip (2.7 % each). Thus, in young women with a very wide type of face with normal occlusion close to orthognathic occlusion, all 18 possible reliable regression models of reproduction of the individual characteristics of the dental arches of the upper and lower jaws depending on the odonto- and cephalometric parameters were developed and analyzed.
Peculiarities of hormonal homeostasis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with menopausal disorders
Authors: Vaskiv О.V. , Grigorenko А.P. , Horbatiuk О.G. , Shatkovska A.S. , Binkovska А.N.
Published: May 2020

According to WHO, now on the planet 46% of women are over the age of 45 years, among women in Ukraine – this is almost half (13.2 million). Of these, 46-68% suffer from climacteric syndrome. An increase in the duration of a healthy life and prolongation of the age of working capacity acquire not only medical, but also socio-economic significance, both in Ukraine and in other European countries. Therefore, the aim of the study was a comprehensive (involving pituitary, ovarian, adrenal and thyroid hormones) hormonal examination of women of peri- and postmenopausal age with menopause syndrome to identify the most likely hormonal predictors of this pathology. For this purpose, 64 women of perimenopausal and postmenopausal age with menopause and 42 healthy women of the same age categories had a study of the concentration of pituitary (LH, FSH, prolactin), ovarian hormones (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone), thyroid hormones (TSH, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4)) and adrenal glands (DHEA-s, cortisol) in blood plasma. Hormones were determined using a set of test systems from “Immunotech” (Czech Republic-France) using the radio-immune method. Comparisons of the quantitative data of the two related groups (before and after treatment) were made using Wilcoxon signed rank test. When differences were detected, pairwise group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney test. In women of perimenopausal and postmenopausal age with menopause syndrome, compared with healthy women of the same age groups, a significant increase in gonadotropin levels (LH by 3.7 and 3.0 times, respectively; FSH by 1.6 and 1.9 times) and a decrease indicator of prolactin in 1.5 and 1.2 times; estradiol 1.2 and 2.2 times and testosterone 2.9 and 2.4 times. A significant decrease in progesterone by 1.9 times occurred only in the group of postmenopausal women with menopause syndrome. In women of perimenopausal and postmenopausal age of the main group, a significant decrease was found in comparison with the control of DHEA-s levels by 1.3 times and 2.2 times, respectively; cortisol 1.2 and 2.0 times; TSH is 2.6 times and 2.0 times, respectively, however, thyroxine tended to increase (the probability p<0.05 was valid only for women of perimenopausal age). Thus, in postmenopausal women with menopausal syndrome, hormonal imbalance is more pronounced, indicating a deep atrophy of hormone-dependent tissue receptors and, as a result, a deepening of involutive processes.
Modern going near creation of in-hospital comfort for patients and medical personnel in psychiatric establishments of health protection
Authors: Chorna V.V. , Sergeta I.V. , Makhnyuk V.M.
Published: May 2020

Today requires an important focus on providing psychological comfort both for health care professionals in preventing emotional burnout syndrome and inpatient comfort for patients in these settings. The purpose of the work is to carry out a comparative analysis of European experience on the principles of functional and aesthetic organization of interiors and decoration materials of premises of psychiatric health care institutions, to determine the characteristics of the influence of natural and artificial lighting on the psychophysiological state of the body of patients and medical professionals. The material of the study was Form № 18 of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine "Report on work on control of environmental factors affecting the state of health of the population" of the State Institution "Vinnytsia Regional Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" for the period 2016-2019. Content analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources, as well as bibliosemantic, theoretical and analytical methods of research were used in the work. The statistical processing of the study results was performed in a licensed standardized package "Statistica 6.1 for Windows". As a result of studying the experience of European countries on the creation of in- hospital comfort for patients and medical staff of psychiatric health care institutions, the following has been established: taking into account the sanitary and hygienic requirements in the design and arrangement of facilities for mentally ill persons should correspond to the therapeutic environment and promote the establishment of security regimen, improving treatment and prevention work, preventing hospital-acquired infections and therefore being one and the same priorities reform of mental health in Ukraine. According to the results of studying foreign experience on the basis of a systematic and ergo design approach to the re-profiling and reconstruction of existing psychoneurological hospitals in Ukraine, it is determined that its main purpose is to provide comfortable conditions for patients stay and create conditions for conducting psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation of persons with mental disorders. Therefore, the adaptation of hygiene requirements during the design and arrangement of the premises of psychiatric health care facilities should be aimed at ensuring the optimal individual and psychological status of patients and the appropriate parameters of the hospital environment and its sanitary and hygienic characteristics, which must correspond to the latest technology in providing high quality medical care using a biopsychosocial approach that will facilitate the transition to European standards.
The impact of glenoid labrum damages on condition of the cartilage of the shoulder joint
Authors: Strafun S.S. , Sergienko R.A.
Published: May 2020

The joint labrum is an anatomical structure of the shoulder joint, one of the functions of which is to ensure the stability of the shoulder. It has been proven that instability, direct trauma and surgery of any joint eventually lead to cartilage damage and osteoarthritis. It is still unknown whether and how the damage to the joint labrum affect the condition of the cartilage of the shoulder joint. Aim of study – investigation of impact of glenoid labrum damages on condition of the cartilage of the shoulder joint. For the period from 2006 to 2016, on the basis of State Institution “Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of AMS of Ukraine”, MC “Modern Orthopedics”, Kyiv, a study was conducted on an array of 467 patients. Used clinical diagnostics, MRI diagnostics, arthroscopic diagnostics. Fact verification and localization of joint damage was performed during arthroscopic examination. Localization of cartilage damage was divided into separate areas on the articular surfaces of the shoulder scapula and head. The degree of cartilage damage was classified by Outerbridge. Quantitative analysis of the results was performed using Microsoft Excel in the summary tables. It has been found that damage to the shoulder labrum is the cause of cartilage defects in the joint surfaces of the shoulder. The incidence and severity of cartilage defects increase over time since the injury. The worst prognosis for the development of damage to the articular cartilage is characteristic of patients with damage to the posterior part of the labrum. Thus, damage to the joint labrum is a significant factor in the occurrence of defects in the articular cartilage of the shoulder. Early active surgical tactics for the treatment of damage to the joint labrum are necessary to prevent deterioration of the condition of the joint surfaces and the prevention of osteoarthrosis.
Features of microscopic changes in lung structure of young rats under conditions of hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Samborska І.А.
Published: May 2020

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for many diseases, including pathologies of the respiratory system. The pathogenesis of lung tissue damage is complex and multifactorial, however, it has now been found that homocysteine has a toxic effect on the vascular system and parenchyma of the organ. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of microscopic changes in the structure of the lungs of young rats under conditions of hyperhomocysteinemia. The experimental study was performed on 22 white non-linear young (1-2 months) male rats. During the experiment, the animals were divided into two groups – control and experimental. Simulation of persistent hyperhomocysteinemia was achieved by administering to rats of the experimental group thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically for 60 days. Histological specimens were examined using an SEO SCAN light microscope and photo-documented using a Vision CCD Camera with the system output images of histological preparations. It was found that the introduction of thiolactone homocysteine to young rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg led to the development of destructive changes in blood vessels, bronchi, components of the respiratory department with signs of atelectasis. Hemodynamic disorders and increased vascular permeability led to perivascular, peribronchial, interstitial, intra-alveolar edema, histo-leukocyte infiltration. The detected changes are reversible and have a compensatory nature.
Submicroscopic changes of alveoli of respiratory department of lungs a day after experimental thermal trauma
Authors: Nebesna Z.M. , Bashynska O.I. , Ocheretna N.P. , Galunko G.М. , Slyvka O.Ya.
Published: May 2020

Deep, large thermal burns are not limited to local lesions of tissues, they cause significant disruption of all systems and organs of the organism, change in metabolic processes. It is revealed that the primary links in the pathogenesis of burn disease are destruction of the skin, impaired neuroendocrine regulation and significant hemodynamic disorders. The reorganization of structures and impaired lung function, in response to a pathological process in the body, is attracting increasing attention of scientists. The aim of the study was to establish a submicroscopic rearrangement of the alveoli after a thermal lesion for 1 day after the experimental thermal trauma. Grade III burns were applied under ketamine anesthesia with copper plates heated in boiled water to a temperature of 97-1000С. The size of the lesion area was 18-20 % of the epilated surface of the body of rats. An experimental study of the structural components of lung alveoli after burn injury was performed on laboratory white male rats weighing 160-180 g. Euthanasia of rats was performed after ketamine anesthesia by decapitation. In the experiment, the study of the submicroscopic state of the walls of the alveoli of the lungs after thermal trauma was done. It is established that in the stage of shock after the application of burn injury – 1 day, in the alveoli of the respiratory department of the lung, there are adaptive compensatory and initial destructive changes of all structural components of the alveoli. Damage to the ultrastructure of the aerohematical barrier is manifested by intracellular edema and edema of the organelles of the endothelial cells, respiratory and secretory epitheliocytes, and the amount of heterochromatin increases in their deformed nuclei. The basement membrane also has signs of edema, sometimes homogeneous, fuzzy. The decrease in the number of vesicles and micropinocytotic vesicles in endothelial and respiratory epitheliocytes leads to impaired endothelial and alveolar metabolism. Numerous actively phagocytic alveolar macrophages with a well-expressed lysosomal apparatus are found in the alveoli. Initial alternative alterations of the ultrastructure of the components of the air-barrier barrier lead to disruption of gas exchange in the respiratory department of the lungs
Changes of the ultrastructural organization of cells of rats esophagus in the modeling of second-degree esophageal stricture
Authors: Shaprynskyi Ye.V.
Published: May 2020

Scar strictures that lead to obstruction of the esophagus do not tend to decrease lately, but on the contrary, the number of such patients is increasing, which is caused by the use of a large range of chemicals in human life. The results of treatment of scarring strictures depend on the degree of stenosis. With complete obstruction of the esophagus, the question arises about conducting surgical treatment. Methods of correction of esophageal strictures have a considerable number of postoperative complications and lethal consequences – from 5.0 % to 15.0 %. Therefore, in order to create a unified pathogenetic tactic for the management and treatment of esophageal strictures, we were offered to study the ultrastructural changes of the mucous membrane of the stricture of the second stage during its modeling in the experiment. The purpose of the work is to investigate the dynamics of ultrastructural changes of the mucous membrane of the esophagus wall in the normal and second stage of its stricture. The experimental study was performed on adult white male rats weighing between 250 and 300 g. A total of 16 animals were operated on, which were divided into 2 groups: a control group (6 rats) and a study group (10 rats). The studies were performed under ketamine anesthesia. In animals of the control group performed only laparotomy, followed by layer-by-layer suturing of the anterior abdominal wall. In animals of the study group created a model of obstruction of the esophagus of the second stage. Electron microscopic examination was performed on days 3, 4, and 5 of the experiment, eliminating animals by overdosing on ketamine. As a result of the electron microscopic study of the ultrastructural organization of basal, spinosum, superficial epitheliocytes of stratified squamous epithelium without keratin, smooth muscle myocytes of the muscular plate and contractile elements of the muscular layer of the esophagus of rats with simulated stricture of the second degree revealed dystrophic and destructive disorders that varied in depth and severity. It was established that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to a decrease in the activity of reparative, metabolic and synthetic processes of the cell, which is indirectly manifested by a decrease in ribosomes and polysomes in the cytoplasm, loosening and focal lysis of membranes of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Stricture of esophagus of the second stage causes activation of catabolic intracellular processes in all cells, which is morphologically confirmed by the appearance in the cytoplasm of secondary lysosomes and inclusions of lipids.
Histological features of the mitral valve in normal and opioid exposure in experiment
Authors: Mateshuk-Vatseba L.R. , Symivska R.R. , Belik N.V. , Piliponova V.V.
Published: May 2020

To date, pathology of the cardiovascular system is the most common, tends to increase, most often leads to disability and mortality of the population at a young working age and is an important medical and social problem. The purpose of the study was to establish the features of micro organization of the mitral valve in white rat in norm and after opioid action. The study material is presented by histological samples of a mitral valve of the white rat. The study was performed on 30 adult white reproductive age rats weighing 160-220 g. The experimental animals were injected intramuscularly 1 time per day for the same period of 42 days (6 weeks) with the opioid drug analgesic “Nalbuphine”. Using histological methods, 30 mitral valves of white rat were examined. Microscopy of histological preparations of the valves of the heart was performed sequentially, assessing the morphological changes in the norm and under the action of the opioid after 6 weeks of the experiment. Emphasis was placed on the presence or absence of endothelial layer, as well as the condition of endothelial cells in normal and at the action of the damaging factor, determining the signs of their dystrophy, desquamation and proliferation. It is established that the normal mitral valve is represented by endocardial folds. The rat endocardium consists of three layers: endothelial (endothelial cells rich layer, attached to the basement membrane), subendothelial (connective tissue rich in fibroblasts) and a muscular-elastic layer (represented by smooth myocytes, plaited collagen fibers). After 6 weeks of administration of Nalbuphine, the mitral valve is in a stage of decompensation, when the outer and inner endothelial layers are destroyed, the endothelial cells are deformed, the subendothelial layer is represented by single bundles of different directions. In the musculo-elastic layer, contact between smooth myocytes and fragmented and thinned, collagen and elastic fibers is lost. This study allows us to conclude on the destructive effect of opioid agents on the valvular apparatus of the heart.
Indicators of the cell cycle in the thyroid gland in rats when using infusion of 0.9% NaCl solution on the background of thermal skin burns
Authors: Tiron O.I.
Published: May 2020

Systemic damage of the organs, including the thyroid gland, is one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of burn disease due to thermal skin burns. The aim of this study was to investigate the indices of the cell cycle and DNA fragmentation of thyroid gland cells in rats with the use of infusion of 0.9% NaCl solution against the background of thermal skin burns. Experimental studies were conducted on 60 white male rats weighing 160-180 g, which was subjected to thermal burns of the skin of 2-3 degrees with a total area of 21-23% of the body surface. The first 7 days rats were infused with 0.9% NaCl solution into the inferior vena cava. Animals were removed from the experiment by decapitation (after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days). DNA content in the nuclei of the cells of the thyroid gland of rats was determined by flow cytometry. The statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out in the license package “STATISTICA 6.1” using nonparametric estimation methods. After 1 day after thermal skin damage and using 0.9% NaCl solution, lower (p<0.05) values of the S-phase index (0.234±0.094) were found compared to the control group without burn (0.652±0.134). The maximum decrease (p<0.01) of S-phase indicators (0.622±0.110 and 0.214±0.105, respectively) and a significant increase (p<0.01) of the SUB-G0G1 interval (5.288±0.840) compared to similar control group values (2.594±0.628) is observed after 3 days. The S-phase against the background of the introduction of 0.9% NaCl solution and thermal skin burn remained significantly lower than those of the similar control groups at 7 (p<0.01), 14 (p<0.05) and 21 days (p<0.05). At 14 days after thermal skin injury, the SUB-G0G1 interval (p<0.05) was lower than in the control group of rats. After 30 days, the G0G1 phase parameters were significantly lower (p<0.01), and the G2+M phase values were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those in the control group at the same time. Thus, it was found that 0.9% NaCl solution was not effective enough to correct cell division disorders during the entire observation period after skin burns.
Development of Personality, Cognitive Skills and Creative Abilities of Preschoolers Through the Implementation of Family Projects
Authors: Nasevich Elena Vasilevna
Published: May 2020

The experience of organizing project activities aimed at supporting and developing the intellectual and creative potential of over-fives, as well as family values, interests and involving parents in joint activities with children is presented in the article. This work is designed for educators and teachers working with preschoolers.
Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma: Our Experience in the Last 26 Years
Authors: Llopis Anna  Sánchez , Durbá Agustín Serrano , Llopis Anna  Sánchez , Nebot Cinta Sangüesa , Carlos Domínguez Hinarejos , Llavador Ros Gemma Margarita , José Antonio March Villalba , Fortes Paula Ortolá , Alba Polo Rodrigo
Published: May 2020

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is the most common type of renal tumor in the neonatal period.
It is rare in the general population and usually benign, and the treatment protocol is poorly defined. The aim
of the present study is to present a retrospective analysis of the cases of mesoblastic nephroma treated at our
centre during the last 26 years. A retrospective study was conducted of 11 patients diagnosed with congenital
mesoblastic nephroma between 1st January 1990 and 30th September 2016 at our centre. A review of the
patients’ clinical records was carried out, analysing the demographic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic,
survival and follow-up variables. Nine (81.8%) were males; one patient was diagnosed prenatally, 9 patients
in the first three months of life, and one patient when he was two years old. The most common presentation
was a palpable abdominal mass in 10 patients, 2 had haematuria, 6 of them had arterial hypertension, and
one had hypercalcaemia. The pathological findings were: 3 cases classic of classic CMN type, 4 mixed type
and 4 cellular type. Regarding the tumor stage, 7 patients were at stage I, 3 were at stage II and 1 was at
stage III. In all patients, the treatment of choice was radical nephrectomy, and 3 patients received
neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Only one patient presented a local recurrence and all of the patients are still
alive without any death related to the tumor. CMN is a rare renal tumor but it is considered the most frequent
renal tumor in the neonatal period, generally of benign behaviour, but recurrence is possible, and its obstetric
and perinatal complications can compromise life.
A new replacement name for Bezverkhovia Gorochov, 2018 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Podoscirtinae)
Authors: Gorochov A.V. , Izerskyy V.V.
Published: May 2020

The generic name Bezverkhovia Gorochov, 2018 assigned to the cricket genus from South America is a junior homonym of the generic name in Vietnamese Lepidoptera. The new replacement name Eubezverkhovia nom. nov. is proposed here instead of the aforementioned homonymic name. The following new combinations are also suggested: Eubezverkhovia lydia (Gorochov, 2018), comb. nov. and E.? huanchaca (Gorochov, 2017), comb. nov.
O specyfce oceny dowodów w sądzie przysięgłych (na podstawie inscenizacji rozprawy w ramach zajęć ze studentami)
Authors: Jałyszew Stanisław , Topilskaya Elena
Published: May 2020

Na przykładzie inscenizacji rozprawy w sądzie przysięgłych studenci-prawnicy badali psychologię ławników, pracujących nad werdyktem końcowym. Jednym z założeń badań było przypuszczenie, że opinia sędziego zawodowego co do winy oskarżonego, poziomu udowodnienia poszczególnych faktów będzie się różniła od opinii ławników.
Określenie miejsca sztucznej inteligencji w prawie cywilnym
Authors: Martsenko Nataliia
Published: May 2020

W artykule przeanalizowano cywilno-prawne aspekty systemu prawnego dotyczącego sztucznej inteligencji. Autor uważa, że postrzeganie robota i sztucznej inteligencji jako podmiotów stosunków cywilnoprawnych jest niewłaściwe i może prowadzić do sytuacji niepewności prawnej. Stosowanie pojęcia “osoba elektroniczna” w aktach normatywnych UE wydaje się nierozsądne i przedwczesne, gdyż rozszerzenie tego pojęcia na całe prawo nie zapewnia całościowego zastępstwa prawnego w sprawach dotyczących ich statusu prawnego, odpowiedzialności cywilnej, ochrony praw użytkowników czy ochrony danych. Uważa się, że wskazane jest postrzeganie robotyki i sztucznej inteligencji jako przedmiotów praw obywatelskich. Proponuje się zastosowanie w odniesieniu do sztucznej inteligencji systemu prawnego dotyczącego źródeł wysokiego ryzyka, który stosuje się w dziedzinach takich jak medycyna czy administracja publiczna w celu skuteczniejszej ochrony praw użytkowników technologii sztucznej inteligencji. W przypadku odpowiedzialności cywilnej należy przestrzegać zasady proporcjonalności: im wyższe ryzyko szkody, tym wyższy wymiar odpowiedzialności.
Desain Sistem Aplikasi Les Privat Menggunakan Pendekatan Extreme Programming
Authors: Mansur Mansur , Yani Risma , Kasmawi Kasmawi
Published: May 2020

Indonesia saat ini telah mewajibkan pendidikan selama 12 tahun dengan kurikulum 2013, dimana kedua orang tua dituntut keterlibatannya dalam memperhatikan pendidikan anaknya. Salah satu tindakannya yaitu mendaftarkan anaknya ke tempat-tempat bimbingan belajar seperti les privat. Di kota Bengkalis proses untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang keberadaan guru les diproleh dari rekan kerja, tetangga dan sosail media. Namun, informasi yang disampaikan juga tidak lengkap sehingga para orang tua sulit menemukan calon guru sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Pada dasarnya les privat menjadi suatu kebutuhan bagi setiap orang namun hal tersebut masih bersifat mahal, sehingga beberapa orang tua mencari informasi guru relawan yang membuka kelas belajar tambahan yang sifatnya gratis. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu melakukan desain sistem aplikasi les privat menggunakan pendekatan extreme programming. Aplikasi dibangun dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dengan framework codeigniter dan MySql sebagai database. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah desain aplikasi yang dapat membantu orang tua murid dengan mudah memperoleh informasi terkait les privat baik berbayar maupun gratis, orang tua juga dapat memonitoring jam belajar anak melalui absensi. Keunggulan aplikasi ini yaitu dapat membuka lapangan pekerjaan bagi calon guru les yang memiliki keahlian dibidang ilmu tertentu dengan mengoptimalkan ketersediaan waktu guru.

Kata Kunci – Desain Sistem, Les Privat, Framework Codeigniter, Extreme Programming

Abstract

Abstrack – Indonesia currently requires 12 years of education with the 2013 curriculum, where both parents are required to be involved in paying attention to their children's education. One of his actions is enrolling his child in tutoring places such as privattutoring. In the city of Bengkalis, the process of getting information about the whereabouts of tutors was obtained from coworkers, neighbors and social media. However, the information conveyed is also incomplete, so parents find it difficult to find prospective teachers according to their needs. Basically, privattutoring is a necessity for everyone, but it is still expensive, so some parents look for information on volunteer teachers who open additional free learning classes. The purpose of this study is to design a privattutoring application system using the extreme programming approach. The application is built using the PHP programming language with a Codeigniter framework and MySql as a database. This research resulted in an application design that can help students' parents easily obtain information related to privattutoring both paid and free, parents can also monitor children's learning hours through attendance. The advantage of this application is that it can open up employment opportunities for prospective tutors who have expertise in certain fields of science by optimizing the availability of teacher time.
Exploring Local Wisdom in Buginese Ethnics: Language Politeness Phenomena of Tau Soppeng
Authors: Alam Fiptar Abdi , Al-Muthmainnah Al-Muthmainnah
Published: May 2020

The objectives of this research are to explore and to reveals the form and the characteristics of linguistic politeness, politeness strategies, and the realization of local wisdom found among Soppeng people (to Soppeng) one particular Buginese ethnics. This research applied ethnolinguistics viewed from pragmatics, semiotics, and politeness theories. To capture the data, this study used purposive sampling and snowball among native in Soppeng regency which agrees to be a part of this study. The method used is the method of listening with free engaged, recording, documentation, elicitation technique, and interview. The results of this research show the characteristics and the forms of linguistic politeness through some morphemes marked (such as prefixes ta), suffix pronouns (ta, ki, ni), some honorific vocabularies (such as pung, andi, daeng), some lexemes (iye, tabe, taddampengenga), some maxims of politeness principles; generosity, approbation, modesty, and sympathy, and four strategies of linguistic politeness i.e., bald on record, positive, negative, off-record strategy. In addition, this study also found the realization and the implication of local wisdom as a primary value such as ethics and language politeness, self-image, courage, solidarity, and cooperation.
Language Comparison Between Swahili and Malay Languages with Semantic and Pragmatic Problems
Authors: Putri Shintia Dwi
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the similarities and differences of Malay and Kiswahili, which is better known as Swahili. This study intends to investigate the patterns of response from Malays and Kiswahili. In discussing the idea of linguistic meaning by comparing the Swahili language with Malay, this study focuses on different meanings, assuming that there will be differences regarding the discussion of meaning types that can enhance understanding and appreciation of linguistic meaning. The discussion takes a general conceptual orientation of approach that considers language to be an analysis where the analytical unit is speech acts. From a broader perspective, this article distinguishes the conceptual and associative meaning of the use of Malay and Swahili languages then begins dealing with the individual types. There are five types of meanings discussed, namely conceptual, connotative, social, affective and collocative. The results show that there are many differences between Malay and Swahili languages. The connotation is meaning that is still difficult to understand, and it is what requires the continuation of learning semantics and pragmatics because every language has a different meaning following the culture.
Hemangioma microvenular: Reporte de caso
Authors: Concha Marcela , Majluf Paula , Hasbun Catalina , Meza Javiera , González Sergio
Published: May 2020

El hemangioma microvenular corresponde a una neoplasia infrecuente de origen vascular y estirpe benigno. Su etiología es desconocida, sin embargo se han reportado casos asociados a la inmunosupresión y factores hormonales. Suele aparecer en adultos jóvenes con ligera predominancia en mujeres y en la mayoría de los casos se presenta como un nódulo asintomático en extremidades. Clínicamente, puede imitar lesiones vasculares benignas y malignas. Dentro de su diagnóstico diferencial debe considerarse el Sarcoma de Kaposi y otros tipos de hemangiomas. Debido a su inespecificidad clínica, el diagnóstico debe ser realizado histológicamente. Se han descrito múltiples alternativas terapéuticas además del seguimiento periódico. Algunos casos han sido tratados con una escisión completa sin recurrencias a 5 años de seguimiento y otros tratados con láser pulsado con excelente respuesta. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 44 años con una placa eritemato-violácea asintomática de aproximadamente 8 centímetros en su antebrazo derecho de 1 mes de evolución, con biopsia compatible y control clínico a 10 meses sin cambios significativos
Hidrocistoma apocrino desafío dermatoscópico
Authors: Arceu-Ojeda Montserrat Verónica , Kaplan Viera , García Carolina , Andreani Sebastián , Jeraldo Cecilia
Published: May 2020

Los hidrocistomas apocrinos son lesiones quísticas benignas, clínicamente se caracterizan por ser nódulos quísticos claros o traslucidos, solitarios, en forma de cúpula, con superficie lisa. En la mayoría de los casos la localización suele ser alrededor del ojo, particularmente lateral al canto externo. Suelen ser asintomáticos, de crecimiento lento pudiendo llegar a 10 mm de diámetro o más. Presentamos un caso de un paciente con un hidrocistoma apocrino variante pigmentada
Infección por Serratia marcescens: una inusual causa de lesiones cutáneas.
Authors: Martinez-Cerda Guisella Andrea , Carvajal-Aguilera Daniela , Fernández Javier
Published: May 2020

Serratia marcescens corresponde a un bacilo gram negativo, miembro de la familia Enterobacteriaceae. Este microorganismo tiene una alta capacidad de supervivencia en condiciones hostiles y ha sido implicado en infecciones del tracto respiratorio, vía urinaria, meningitis, endocarditis y sistema musculoesquelético. No obstante, es considerado una causa rara de infecciones cutáneas. Esta última tiene distintas presentaciones clínicas, la más frecuente es fascitis necrotizante seguida de celulitis. Los nódulos, las pápulas después de inyecciones de rellenos, las erupciones papulares diseminadas, las placas eritematosas, las pústulas y las úlceras son parte del amplio espectro de formas clínicas descritas en la literatura. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 50 años, con historia de compromiso del estado general, lesiones cutáneas polimorfas y fiebre. Se confirmó una infección cutánea por Serratia marcescens mediante cultivos. Se destaca el polimorfismo y la coexistencia de distintas manifestaciones en una misma paciente, incluyendo celulitis, nódulo, ulceras y necrosis cutánea y la importancia del estudio microbiológico para el adecuado tratamiento antibiótico.
An Analysis of Management Accounting System Development from the Structuration Theory Viewpoint
Authors: Moung Yin Chan Anthony
Published: May 2020

Our study covered the development and evolution of the management accounting system of a subsidiary company in a group. Our study was a longitudinal one starting from the incorporation of the company. We divided this period into five stages according to the major events happened, namely the formation of the company, the invoicing crisis, the conflict with parent company, the conflict with fellow subsidiaries, and the influence of the chief executive.

In our analysis we applied the three dimensions of structure in the theory of structuration (i.e., signification, legitimation and domination). The structuration theory explained the emergence of certain phenomena and events that were not explained by traditional accounting theories. Many events in our study validated the core ideas of the structuration theory which composes of the concepts of structure, system and duality of structure. The phenomena suggested that structure was both the medium and outcome of the conduct it recursively organized. Other features of the theory, such as the dialectic of control and system contradiction, were also applicable.
The Impact of Audit Committees on US Nonprofit Organizations’ Governance
Authors: Abu-Khadra Husam
Published: May 2020

All public companies in the United States are required by the securities and exchange commission (SEC) to have an audit committee. Such enforcement can be attributed to high-profile corporate failures and their connections to nonexistence, ineffective or weak audit committees and governance. Despite the efforts to establish a similar argument and enforcement structure for the nonprofit sector, the internal revenue service (IRS) has not pursued legislation, and no empirical evidence has been established to support any public policy changes. This paper contributes to the literature in this field by being the first study to examine 124,980 nonprofit organizations during the period of 2010 to 2015 to test the association between governance in nonprofit organizations and audit committees. We included fifteen measures from these organizations’ IRS Form 990 filings to formulate the study variables. We found significant evidence that the existence of audit committees improves the governance scores of nonprofit organizations. Our study findings have significant implications for nonprofit executives, policy makers and any other interested parties; these findings act as preliminary evidence to support more proactive policies regarding mandatory audit committees for nonprofit organizations.
Rules-Based Accounting Standards and SEC Enforcement
Authors: Baranek Devon
Published: May 2020

This archival study investigates the association between rules-based violations and the likelihood of SEC enforcement.  I utilize two samples of firms subject to SEC investigations: 1) firms with investigations that end in an enforcement action and 2) firms with investigations that are dropped, and examine the impact of rules-based accounting violations on enforcement.  Each enforcement action in the sample specifically cites the GAAP standard violated, and the degree to which the standards contain rules-based characteristics is quantified.  The violations are classified as either rules-based or principles-based and a multivariate analysis is performed.  The “roadmap” theory suggests that firms who commit rules-based violations are more likely to be subject to SEC enforcement, while the “roadblock” theory predicts the opposite effect.   

Overall, the results suggest the SEC is less likely to litigate cases that involve rules-based accounting violations, or more likely to drop/dismiss investigations centered on rules-based violations, consistent with the “roadblock” theory.  No evidence is found of a relation between rules-based accounting violations and the dollar magnitude of penalties assessed.  These results are relevant for financial statement preparers, auditors, and regulators.
CORE COMPETENCES NO SETOR SIDERÚRGICO
Authors: Oliveira Davidson Araújo de , Fazion Cíntia Bincoleto , Afonso Carlos Otávio de Almeida , Henriques Flávio Medeiros
Published: May 2020

A indústria siderúrgica representa um dos setores de maior importância para a economia, visto que é o principal responsável pelo fornecimento de matéria-prima para diversos segmentos. Diferente de outros segmentos, as organizações que compõem o setor, sejam elas nacionais ou internacionais, vem passando por um cenário de reestruturação com a finalidade de garantir a liderança ou até a manutenção de suas posições no mercado. O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar as core competences ou competências essenciais de uma empresa pertencente ao setor siderúrgico. Este estudo deriva de uma pesquisa qualitativa com o objetivo de evidenciar as competências essenciais de uma empresa do setor siderúrgico. Após um levantamento bibliográfico, pesquisa de campo na empresa estudada e clientes, os resultados demonstraram que a organização analisada possui duas core competences analisadas pelos principais autores da área, sendo elas: competência de orientação para o cliente e competência de excelência operacional. Ainda, foram identificadas vantagens percebidas pelos clientes, que apontaram três principais artifícios pautados pela economia, qualidade e praticidade.
REJENERE LİF ÜRETİMİNDE KIZILÇAM ODUNUNUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: TÜRKOĞLU Sami , TUTUŞ Ahmet
Published: May 2020

Rejenere lifler, selüloz veya protein esaslı doğal polimerlerden elde edilen yapay liflerdir. Bu liflerin polimerleri lif haline dönüştürülürken kimyasal yapılarında değişiklik oluşmaz sadece fiziksel yapıları değişir. Dünyada, rejenere viskoz rayon lifi üretiminde hammadde olarak en çok kayın ve ladin ağaçları kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, rejenere lif üretiminde kızılçam ağacı kullanılmış olup bu ağaç Türkiye’de en geniş yayılım alanlarına sahip ve en çok yetişen iğne yapraklı ağaç türüdür. Rejenere lif üretimi için öncelikle Kraft-KBH4(potasyum borhidrür) metodu ile ham selüloz elde edilmiş daha sonra bu ham selülozdan standartlara bağlı kalınarak α-selüloz(alfa selüloz-saf selüloz) elde edilmiş ve son aşamada ise bu saf selülozdan yaş lif çekim yöntemiyle rejenere viskoz rayon lifi üretilmiştir. Elde edilen saf selülozdan yaklaşık %90-95 verimde ve istenilen özelliklerde rejenere viskoz rayon lifi üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
DETERMINING THERMAL COMFORT ZONES FOR OUTDOOR RECREATION PLANNING: A CASE STUDY OF ERBIL – IRAQ
Authors: ABDULRAHMAN HAMAD Twana , OĞUZ Hakan
Published: May 2020

This study finds out thermal comfort zones for outdoor recreation planning in Erbil. Therefore, spatial distribution of Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET), which is a measure of thermal comfort, was obtained for the City of Erbil using meteorological data collected from 6 different weather stations located in the study area. Air temperature, relative humidity, radiation and wind speed are required for the calculation of PET. Data obtained from 6 meteorological stations, 15:00 over the period from 1992 to 2015 were used to calculate monthly PET values with RayMan 1.2 software. PET was spatially interpolated using IDW tool in ArcGIS 10.2 to convert the point-data consisting of PET-values for individual meteorological station into a continuous surface so that maps of spatial distribution of PET values could be created. The most comfortable months and areas for outdoor recreation activities were determined by analyzing these maps. The results reveal fundamental information which is of particular relevance to recreation authorities. The lowest PET determined was around 7.2 ºC in Masif slahaddin Area during the month of January. And the highest PET determined was 56.4 ºC in Makhmoor during the month of July. In Erbil governorate, we have concluded that both March and November can be the best months comfortable during the year. September, January and February are coldest. During May to September are the hottest months especially July.