bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of metal atoms in the refractivity of cysteine- and phenylalanine-based metal–organic crystals
Authors: Brown Noam , Camarasa-Gómez María , Niazov-Elkan Angelica , Ramasubramaniam Ashwin , Gazit Ehud , Kronik Leeor , Hod Oded
Published: December 2024

Metal inclusion has a significant effect on both the structure and refractive properties of amino-acid-based bio-inspired crystals.
Construction of a BiOI/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst: visible light-mediated efficient and selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Zhang Xuehan , Wang Wenzhuang , Xu Wenling , Chuai Qinghua , Bao Yongming , Guo Feng
Published: December 2024

BiOI/g-C3N4 photocatalyst achieves 43.6% HMFCA yield via enhanced charge separation and selective oxidation under visible light, demonstrating superior stability and reusability in sustainable biomass conversion.
High-performance hybrid supercapacitors enabled by CoTe@CoFeTe double-shelled nanocubes
Authors: Gholami Shamami Helya , Mohammadi Zardkhoshoui Akbar , Hosseiny Davarani Saied Saeed
Published: December 2024

CoTe@CoFeTe double-shelled nanocubes are fabricated for hybrid supercapacitors.
Activating discharge and inhibiting self-corrosion by adding indium to the anode of Mg–air battery
Authors: Li Donghu , Hou Lifeng , Du Huayun , Wei Huan , Liu Xiaoda , Wang Qian , Yang Chengkai , Wei Yinghui
Published: December 2024

Herein, the mechanism by which In element improves the discharge voltage and efficiency of Mg anode was revealed. Mg–1In exhibited excellent discharge performance as an anode for Mg–air battery.
Construction of diaryl oxacyclic sulfones via Bi(OTf)3-catalyzed intramolecular cyclocondensation of 1,3-diaroylsulfones
Authors: Chang Meng-Yang , Lin Chun-Yi
Published: December 2024

We developed the synthesis of saturated and unsaturated 1,4-oxasulfone derivatives via rongalite-mediated intermolecular double sulfination of α-bromoacetophenone followed by Bi(OTf)3-catalyzed intramolecular condensation of 1,3-diaroylsulfones.
Late-stage C–H trifluoroacetylation of quinoxaline-2(1H)-ones using masked trifluoroacyl reagents
Authors: Shen Yawei , Li Yuan , Wang Xia , Wei Jiaoyan , Shen Yafen , Wu Lei , Luo Kai
Published: December 2024

A strategy for trifluoroacetylation of quinoxaline-2(1H)-ones has been investigated.
Scope and mechanistic insight into the chemistry of cyanocarbenes derived from alkynyl triazenes by UV irradiation
Authors: Maag Melina , Dittmer Linus Bjarne , Michel Elena , Mackenroth Alexandra V. , Dietl Martin C. , Rominger Frank , Rudolph Matthias , Dreuw Andreas , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: December 2024

Cyanocarbenes derived from alkynyl triazenes are investigated with respect to their reactivity with olefins and alkynes to produce cyclopropanes and cyclopropenes with high selectivity, offering eco-friendly, cost-effective synthetic advantages.
Tyrosine-modified tilapia skin antioxidant peptides and their hydroxyl radical quenching activities
Authors: Wang Yunyao , Jiu Ruiqing , Li Zongda , Wang Qiuying , Lei Xiangmin , Chen Jianan , Liu Haochi , Liu Jifeng
Published: December 2024

In an antioxidant peptide study, the number and position of active amino acid sites, as well as the peptides’ conformation, are found to be crucial for scavenging hydroxyl radicals (˙OH).
Enhanced chromaticity and dual emission in double-site Mn4+-activated KLiTiF6 red phosphors for wide color gamut displays
Authors: Shao Zifan , Yang Qikai , Li Qihao , Yan Jianye , Chen Yuehua , Xu Haolin , Zhong Wenjing , Liu Cailing , Zhou Yayun , Deng Tingting , Wang Zhengliang
Published: December 2024

Dual-site Mn4+ emission in KLiTiF6 phosphors: enhanced chromaticity and thermal stability for advanced wide color gamut displays.
Adaptive current differential protection principle for distribution lines dedicatedly connected with photovoltaic power sources
Authors: He Xuehao , Su Shi , Li Yuan , Xie Qingyang , Chen Fahui , Li Botong , Liu Sumei
Published: December 2024

In line with the latest protection configuration requirements for 35 or 10 kV distribution grids, current differential protection is recommended for distribution lines connected to photovoltaic power sources. However, unlike traditional synchronous generators, photovoltaic power sources provide fault currents with amplitudes typically less than 1.2 to 2 times the rated current, and their phase angles are controlled and capacitive. This often results in the differential current being insufficient to trigger the current differential protection even during internal faults. This paper analyzes the issues with applying traditional current differential protection to photovoltaic power sources connected lines and deduces the threshold for the ratio restraint coefficient. An adaptive protection strategy is proposed, where the restraint coefficient is adjusted based on the amplitude ratios and phase angle differences of the fault currents. This ensures correct operation, particularly in cases of high photovoltaic power sources penetration. The strategy is tested through simulations conducted in Power Systems Computer Aided Design (PSCAD), showing improved sensitivity compared to traditional methods.
Lane‐changing control strategy for distributed drive vehicles considering yaw stability
Authors: Hu Jianjun , Liu Hongkai , Yi Sijing , Huang Chao
Published: December 2024

Intelligent vehicles are prone to dangerous issues such as sideslip and instability when changing lanes to avoid obstacles under some extreme conditions. Therefore, to improve safety and stability during the obstacle‐avoidance process, this paper proposes a lane‐change control method that considers yaw stability based on distributed drive electric vehicles. Fuzzy adaptive model predictive control and proportional integral derivative (PID) control are, respectively, established to compute the optimal front wheel steering angle and vehicle longitudinal torque under lateral and longitudinal decoupling. Additionally, a direct yaw moment controller is constructed based on model predictive control to calculate the additional yaw moment, which is then distributed according to the tire adhesion utilisation rate to optimise yaw stability in lane‐changing obstacle‐avoidance scenarios. Finally, the proposed control framework is verified in typical obstacle‐avoidance scenarios. The results show that, compared to the control method that do not consider yaw stability, the average yaw rate deviation is reduced by 54.0% on high‐adhesion road surfaces and by 61.2% on low‐adhesion road surfaces, achieving further optimsation in the safety and stability of the obstacle‐avoidance process.
On the restrained domination stability in graphs
Authors: Azami Aghdash Akbar , Jafari Rad Nader , Vakili Fasaghandisi Bahram
Published: December 2024

A subset S of vertices of a graph G is a dominating set if every vertex not in S is adjacent to a vertex in S. A dominating set S is a restrained dominating set if for each vertex x ∈ V (G) − S there is a vertex y ∈ V (G) − S such that xy ∈ E(G). The restrained domination number of G, denoted by γr(G) is the minimum cardinality of a restrained dominating set of G. The restrained domination stability number of G, denoted by stγr (G), is the minimum number of vertices whose removal changes the restrained domination number of G. In this paper we study the restrained domination stability number of a graph and determine it for several families of graphs. We present bounds for the restrained domination stability number of a graph. We also prove that determining the restrained domination stability number is NP-hard even when restricted to bipartite graphs.
Capsule Endoscopy Technology: A New Era in Digestive Tract Examination
Authors: Huang Kang-ming , Qiu Hua-bin , Deng Yinghan , Wu Lian-hui , Chen Hong-bin
Published: December 2024

Capsule endoscopy (CE) represents an important groundbreaking advancement in gastrointestinal (GI) examinations, distinguished by its noninvasive, painless, and convenient nature, and has swiftly established itself as a crucial tool for diagnosing and treating digestive diseases. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), as AI and ML progress, the capabilities of CE have expanded beyond mere imaging within the GI tract; it is progressively evolving to encompass procedures such as biopsies and targeted drug delivery. This review systematically searched five reputable repositories—Scopus, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and ScienceDirect—for all original publications on CE from 2001 to 2024. The review provides an overview of the current status and identified limitations of CE, highlighting the significant role that AI and ML are projected to play in its future development.
Mechanism of Action of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Weichang'an in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer Based on TMT Proteomics Analysis
Authors: Niu Yaofei , Chen Weixia , Ding Yajie , Xu Yan , Zhao Aiguang
Published: December 2024

Objective The aim of the study was to screen key proteins involved in the treatment of human gastric cancer subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice by the traditional Chinese medicine formula Weichang'an and to explore its mechanism of action in treating gastric cancer.

Methods Sixteen 7- to 8-week-old female BALB/C nude mice were used to establish a human gastric cancer subcutaneous xenograft model by bilateral axillary injection of MKN45 cells. Mice with successfully established tumors were randomly divided into the Weichang'an group and the model group, with eight mice in each group. Mice in the Weichang'an group were orally administered 0.5 mL of Weichang'an decoction, while mice in the model group were given 0.5 mL of normal saline by gavage once a day for 21 consecutive days. On day 28, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and tumors were excised to measure tumor weight and assess the tumor suppression rate. Tandem mass tags (TMT) quantitative proteomics was used to analyze the tumor samples, identify differentially expressed proteins, and perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis.

Results Compared with the model group, the tumor weight in the Weichang'an group was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), and the tumor suppression rate was 41.40%, indicating that Weichang'an can inhibit the growth of human gastric cancer subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. TMT quantitative proteomics identified a total of 2,856 proteins, with 13 proteins showing downregulated expression and 25 proteins showing upregulated expression in the Weichang'an group. GO enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in cellular components such as the cell membrane, extracellular matrix, and envelope, and participated in biological processes like negative regulation of cell adhesion, hematopoiesis, and skeletal system development, with functions in cell adhesion molecule binding and molecular sensor activity. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified the autophagy-lysosome pathway.

Conclusion Weichang'an may exert its therapeutic effect on gastric cancer by regulating the expression of various proteins and modulating the autophagy-lysosome pathway.
Surface properties of MOCVD grown (Al1−xGax)2O3 thin films on c-plane sapphire via scanning Kelvin probe microscopy
Authors: Jewel Mohi Uddin , Crittenden Scott R. , Hassan Tahir , Hasan Samiul , Lee Dongkyu , Nipa Nifat Jahan , Zakir Md. Ghulam , El Loubani Mohammad Jamal , Avrutin Vitaliy , Özgür Ümit , Morkoç Hadis , Ahmad Iftikhar
Published: December 2024

We report on the surface properties of aluminum-gallium-oxide [(AlxGa1−x)2O3] thin films grown on c-plane sapphire substrates, which form the building block of heterojunction semiconductor devices, by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The (AlxGa1−x)2O3 films with aluminum mole fraction (composition) ranging from x = 0 to x = 0.36 were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The increase in the aluminum composition resulted in the shift in XRD peaks to larger 2θ angles due to the decrease in the lattice constants and broadening due to the degradation in crystallinity. By utilizing the AFM in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) configuration, we report the surface work function of (AlxGa1−x)2O3 decreased from 6.13 to 5.62 eV as aluminum composition increased from 0% to 36%. Direct measurements of epitaxial surface potential in (AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin films show downward band bending ranging from 1.19 to 0.65 eV. The SKPM measurements with trap filling under UV illumination suggest the presence of a relatively high density of donor surface states in (AlxGa1−x)2O3 samples. By modeling the surface states as a spatially localized and energetically discrete level in the bandgap, the density of surface states is found to be ∼2 × 1012 to ∼4 × 1013 cm−2.
Multiple orbital angular momentum modes conversion with transmission metasurface
Authors: He Sitong , Feng Qiang , Tu Qingle , Liu Haixia , Han Jiaqi , Shi Yan , Li Long
Published: December 2024

The orthogonal properties between different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes of vortex beams have made it a great potential research area in recent years. Manipulating OAM modes is crucial in most research studies and applications of vortex waves. In this Letter, a manipulating method of OAM mode conversion through a transmission metasurface is proposed. The corresponding OAM mode conversion principles with convolution operation are given. An amplitude and phase controllable metasurface is designed as a device to convert the initial vortex waves carrying single OAM mode or multiple OAM modes to vortex waves with other OAM modes. A metasurface prototype is fabricated and measured to validate the effectiveness of this method. Both simulation and measurement results reflect these functions of converting OAM modes. This work is meaningful not only for the research and development of devices that manipulate OAM modes but also for the transmission, reception, and application of OAM vortex waves in wireless communications and imagining technologies.
Hydroxychloroquine prevents resistance and potentiates the antitumor effect of SHP2 inhibition in NF1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Sait Sameer Farouk , Tang Kwan Ho , Angus Steven P. , Brown Rebecca , Sun Daochun , Xie Xuanhua , Iltis Charlene , Lien Michelle , D. Socci Nicholas , Bale Tejus A. , Davis Christopher , Dixon Shelley A. H. , Zhang Chi , Wade Clapp D. , Neel Benjamin G. , Parada Luis F.
Published: December 2024

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive sarcomas and the primary cause of mortality in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). These malignancies develop within preexisting benign lesions called plexiform neurofibromas (PNs). PNs are solely driven by biallelic
NF1
loss eliciting RAS pathway activation, and they respond favorably to MEK inhibitor therapy. MPNSTs harbor additional mutations and respond poorly to MEK inhibition. Our analysis of genetically engineered and orthotopic patient-derived xenograft MPNST models indicates that MEK inhibition has poor antitumor efficacy. By contrast, upstream inhibition of RAS through the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 reduced downstream signaling and suppressed
NF1
MPNST growth, although resistance eventually emerged. To investigate possible mechanisms of acquired resistance, kinomic analyses of resistant tumors were performed, and data analysis identified enrichment of activated autophagy pathway protein kinases. Combining SHP2 inhibition with hydroxychloroquine (HQ) resulted in durable responses in
NF1
MPNSTs in both genetic and orthotopic xenograft mouse models. Our studies could be rapidly translated into a clinical trial to evaluate SHP2 inhibition in conjunction with HQ as a unique treatment approach for
NF1
MPNSTs.
Dissecting the cellular architecture and genetic circuitry of the soybean seed
Authors: Pelletier Julie M. , Chen Min , Lin Jer-Young , Le Brandon , Kirkbride Ryan C. , Hur Jungim , Wang Tina , Chang Shu-Heng , Olson Alexander , Nikolov Lachezar , Goldberg Robert B. , Harada John J.
Published: December 2024

Seeds are complex structures composed of three regions, embryo, endosperm, and seed coat, with each further divided into subregions that consist of tissues, cell layers, and cell types. Although the seed is well characterized anatomically, much less is known about the genetic circuitry that dictates its spatial complexity. To address this issue, we profiled mRNAs from anatomically distinct seed subregions at several developmental stages. Analyses of these profiles showed that all subregions express similar diverse gene numbers and that the small gene numbers expressed subregion specifically provide information about the biological processes that occur in these seed compartments. In parallel, we profiled RNAs in individual nuclei and identified nuclei clusters representing distinct cell identities. Integrating single-nucleus RNA and subregion mRNA transcriptomes allowed most cell identities to be assigned to specific subregions and cell types and/or cell states. The number of cell identities exceeds the number of anatomically distinguishable cell types, emphasizing the spatial complexity of seeds. We defined gene coexpression networks that underlie distinct biological processes during seed development. We showed that network distribution among subregions and cell identities is highly variable. Some networks operate in single subregions and/or cell identities, and many coexpression networks operate in multiple subregions and/or cell identities. We also showed that single subregions and cell identities possess several networks. Together, our studies provide unique insights into the biological processes and genetic circuitry that underlie the spatial landscape of the seed.
Band sorting based on global continuity of eigenvalues and topological properties of phononic crystals
Authors: Ao Lihong , Ramiere Aymeric
Published: December 2024

Band sorting is critical to obtaining physical properties from eigenvalues and eigenvectors that constitute the band diagram. We propose a band sorting method based on the global continuity and smoothness of the eigenvalues on the parameter space. Several strategies based on the connection between neighbor eigenvalues and how to sweep the parameter space are introduced to recognize level crossing degeneracies and level repulsion degeneracies. Eigenvectors are then reassigned to each band according to their corresponding eigenvalues. As an example, the band diagram of a 2D phononic crystal is sorted, and the group velocity and Berry curvature are compared before and after band sorting. The Berry curvature shows unexpected eigenvector discontinuities, indicating that our method based on the eigenvalues only is more reliable than methods based on the eigenvectors. Our proposed method is general and allows for studying the transport and topological properties of periodic materials.
Electromagnetic and optical properties of Na, Mg, and Al-adsorbed stanene nanoribbons: potential applications
Authors: Thanh Tung Nguyen , Phong Tran Cong , Ngoc Hoang Van
Published: December 2024

Density functional theory (DFT) combined with the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP) was used to investigate the electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of one-dimensional stanene nanoribbons (SnNRs) and Na, Mg, and Al-adsorbed SnNRs. The SnNRs, with a width of 10 Sn atoms and hydrogen-passivated edges, retained their hexagonal honeycomb structure after structural optimization. Both pristine and adsorbed SnNRs exhibit narrow band gap semiconducting behavior, with pristine SnNRs being non-magnetic and adsorbed SnNRs showing non-zero magnetic moments. Partial density of states analysis revealed multi-orbital hybridization contributing to the formation of π and σ bonds. Optical property analysis highlighted distinct differences between pristine and adsorbed systems, including optical anisotropy and wavelength-dependent absorption. These results indicate the potential of SnNRs for applications in optical information technology, sensors and photocatalysis.
Predictions for the synthesis of new superheavy nuclei with 252Cf target
Authors: Zhang Ming-Hao , Zou Ying , Wang Mei-Chen , Niu Qing-Lin , Zhang Gen , Zhang Feng-Shou 张丰收
Published: December 2024

The $^{252}$Cf isotope produced at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is a promising target material for the synthesis of new superheavy nuclei through fusion reaction experiments. Within the framework of the dinuclear system model, the reaction systems with the $^{252}$Cf target and the $^{48}$Ca, $^{45}$Sc, $^{50}$Ti, $^{51}$V, $^{54}$Cr, $^{55}$Mn projectiles are investigated for the synthesis of new isotopes $^{295-297}$Og, $^{292-294}$119, $^{297-299}$120, $^{298-300}$121, $^{301-303}$122 and $^{302-304}$123. The decreasing trend of the maximal evaporation residue cross sections with the increasing proton number of the compound nucleus are discussed in the capture, fusion and survival stages. Additionally, the radioactive beam-induced reactions based on the $^{252}$Cf target are investigated to reach the predicted neutron shell closure $N$ = 184, with the maximal evaporation residue cross section predicted to be 21 fb for synthesizing $^{302}$Og. The predicted results fall below the current detection limitation, indicating the necessity for advancement in both accelerator and detection techniques, as well as exploration of alternative reaction mechanisms.
One-loop analytical expressions for gg/γγ → φi φj in Higgs Extensions of the Standard Models and its applications
Authors: Phan Khiem Hong , Tran Dzung Tri , Nguyen Huy Thanh
Published: December 2024

General one-loop formulas for loop-induced processes gg/γγ → φ i φ j with φ i φ j = hh, hH, HHare presented in the paper. Analytic expressions evaluated in this work are valid for a class ofHiggs Extensions of the Standard Models, e.g. Inert Doublet Higgs Models, Two Higgs DoubletModels, Zee-Babu Models as well as Triplet Higgs Models, etc. Analytic expressions for one-loop form factors are written in terms of the basic scalar one-loop two-, three- and four-pointfunctions following the output format of both the packages LoopTools and Collier. Physicalresults can be hence evaluated numerically by using one of the mentioned packages. Analyticresults are tested by several checks such as the ultraviolet finiteness, infrared finiteness of theone-loop amplitudes. Furthermore, the amplitudes also obey the ward identity due to masslessgauge bosons in the initial states. This identity is also verified numerically in this work. Inthe applications, we present the phenomenological results for the investigated processes in theZee-Babu model as a typical example in this report. In particular, production cross-section forthe processes γγ → hh are scanned over the parameter space of the Zee-Babu Models.Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
Broadband transmitted wavefront detection based on multi-wavelength laser interferometric system with the hysteresis nonlinearity compensation control system
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Xueyuan , Han Sen
Published: December 2024

Existing methods typically used to detect transmitted wavefronts (i.e. the phase-shifting interferometer) operating at only a few specific wavelengths, to overcome this limitation and improve the accuracy of transmitted wavefront detection, a digital multi-wavelength laser interferometric system and a feedforward open-loop hysteresis nonlinearity compensation method are proposed in this paper. The laser interferometric system contains a light source system, a collimating system, an imaging system and a phase-shifting control system. The light source system contains five lasers, and five lasers are 473, 532, 632.8, 721, 1064 nm lasers, respectively. The physical table lookup analysis method is utilized as the compensation method to compensate the hysteresis nonlinearity of piezoelectric transducers. At the same time, the hysteresis nonlinearity compensation method is applied in the multi-wavelength laser interferometric system. The experimental results show that the displacement linearity error of piezoelectric transducer reaches 0.58 V and the linearity reaches 18.68% without compensation. After using the physical table lookup analysis method compensation, the maximum displacement error of piezoelectric transducer is reduced to 0.07 V and the linearity reaches 2.42% at the lookup number of 1000, which proves that the method can accurately compensate piezoelectric transducer’ hysteresis nonlinearity. At the same time, the multi-wavelength laser interferometric system with the feedforward open-loop hysteresis nonlinearity compensation method is applied successfully to detect the transmitted wavefront of a glue lens at various wavelengths. The experimental results show that the maximum predicting error at 532 nm reaches 0.003 and the maximum predicting error at 632.8 nm reaches 0.002, which prove that the physical table lookup analysis method can be applied in the multi-wavelength laser interferometric system to improve the accuracy of transmitted wavefront detection and the multi-wavelength laser interferometric system has certain practicability.
Development and assessment of machine learning models for predicting fatigue response in AA2024
Authors: Jatavallabhula Jagadesh Kumar , Gaonnwe Tshepo , Nginda Sibusiso , Rao Veeredhi Vasudeva
Published: December 2024

Accurate prediction of fatigue life is vital in the design of aerospace components subjected to varying stress levels and loading frequencies. In the current research, machine learning (ML) models were developed to predict the fatigue life of AA2024-T6, a popular aerospace grade alloy, under different stress levels and loading frequencies. The aim was to reduce the reliance on expensive and time-consuming experimental fatigue testing. Stress-controlled fatigue tests were conducted, followed by fractographic analysis using a scanning electron microscope to assess failure mechanisms. It was observed that fatigue life decreases with increasing loading frequency, with failure modes transitioning from ductile at higher stress levels to a combination of brittle and ductile at lower stress levels. Three ML models namely Elastic Net, k-NN, and Random Forest were evaluated using the experimental fatigue results as input. The Random Forest model, optimized with an 85%-15% training-testing data split and nine decision trees, outperformed other models with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 101.62, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 5.23% and an R-squared value of 1.0. Confirmation experiments validated the model, showing an average deviation of 7.57% between predicted and actual fatigue lives. These results highlight the potential of ML models to accurately predict fatigue life, offering a reliable alternative to tedious and costly experimental methods.
Assessing waste separation behaviour in Nigeria: implications for post-Covid-19 pandemic waste management strategies
Authors: Osotuyi Tolulope B , Zhao Shuliang , Abioye Oyewale D , Mgbachi Uzoamaka P , Falebita Oluwabunmi A
Published: December 2024

During medical emergencies, effective management of waste is crucial to preventing the spread of infections, protecting healthcare workers, and ensuring the safety of the broader society. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of waste separation for efficient waste management and public health protection. However, Nigeria’s situation has not been addressed by research investigation despite its potential to shape waste management policy implementation and citizen alignment. Therefore, the current study examines the waste separation behaviour of Nigerian residents during the pandemic, utilizing an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour framework. The authors achieve this by analyzing survey data from 726 residents in two highly populated cities (Lagos and Oyo states). All the latent variables in the theory of planned behaviour show a positive and significant effect on waste separation behaviour, with attitudes emerging as the strongest influence. Past behaviour positively correlates with the intention to separate waste. However, the results of perceived policy effectiveness indicate a significantly negative moderating effect on the relationship between intention and waste separation behaviour. This outcome suggests a continuous need for public enlightenment with greater focus on policy implementation and enforcement in Nigeria. Infrastructure for waste separation should receive more attention, as the absence of suitable waste segregation bins or disposal facilities weaken environmental policy implementation and Nigerians cultivation of waste separation behaviour. This study provides policy direction to enhance waste separation practices for day-to-day environmental safety and preparedness in the event of future health emergencies.
C-reactive protein levels and outcomes in infarct-related cardiogenic shock: data from the ECLS-SHOCK trial
Authors: Schupp Tobias , Thiele Holger , Rassaf Tienush , Mahabadi Amir Abbas , Lehmann Ralf , Eitel Ingo , Skurk Carsten , Clemmensen Peter , Hennersdorf Marcus , Voigt Ingo , Linke Axel , Tigges Eike , Nordbeck Peter , Jung Christian , Lauten Philipp , Feistritzer Hans-Josef , Buske Maria , Pöss Janine , Ouarrak Taoufik , Schneider Steffen , Behnes Michael , Duerschmied Daniel , Desch Steffen , Freund Anne , Zeymer Uwe , Akin Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

Aims

The impact of systemic inflammation in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS) is still a matter of debate. The present ECLS-SHOCK sub-study investigates the association of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with short-term outcomes in patients with AMI-CS.

Methods and results

Patients with AMI-CS enrolled in the multicentre, randomized ECLS-SHOCK trial between 2019 and 2022 were included. The prognostic impact of CRP levels on admission, as well as the effect of extracorporeal life support (ECLS), stratified by CRP levels, was tested with regard to the primary endpoint of 30-day all-cause mortality. In 371 patients with AMI-CS and available CRP level on baseline, the median CRP level was 18.0 mg/L. Patients with CRP levels in the highest tertile were older and less often resuscitated from cardiac arrest. The highest tertile (i.e. CRP >61.0 mg/L) was associated with an increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality compared with patients with lower CRP levels (lowest tertile: ≤5.0 mg/L) [adjusted odds ratio: 3.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.88–6.68; P = 0.001]. The use of ECLS did not reduce 30-day all-cause mortality, irrespective of CRP levels on admission. The additional inclusion of CRP to the IABP-SHOCK II score was associated with a slight improvement of the prediction of 30-days all-cause mortality (area under the curve: 0.74; 95% CI 0.68–0.79).

Conclusion

Higher CRP levels were independently associated with the risk of 30-day all-cause mortality in AMI-CS. The additional inclusion of CRP to a validated CS risk score may further improve the prediction of short-term prognosis.
Delayed manifestation of severe coronary artery injury/stenosis associated with cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation: a case report
Authors: Kang Honsa , Takemoto Masao , Watanabe Takanori , Hironaga Kiyoshi
Published: December 2024

Background

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedures including cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation have proven to be safe and effective therapies for the treatment of many cardiac tachyarrhythmias. The incidence of coronary arterial injury (CAI) associated with RFA including CTI ablation is estimated to occur in <0.1% of patients. Most instances of CAI occur during ablation procedures or within a few weeks after RFA.

Case summary

We report a case of delayed manifestation of CAI of the right coronary artery 1 year after RFA, likely associated with a CTI ablation. The coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound images revealed significant stenotic lesions primarily consisted of heterogeneous fibrous plaques including few echolucent lesions that consisted of a relatively smaller lipid or necrotic core without echo-attenuated plaques consisting of a fibroatheroma with a necrotic core or pathological intimal thickening with a lipid pool, and corresponded to the site of the CTI ablation. The patient remained stable without any symptoms 6 months post-percutaneous coronary intervention at that site.

Discussion

Physicians should consider the possibility of CAI associated with RFA procedures involving ablation near the coronary arteries (CAs) in patients presenting with chest discomfort after RFA, even when the presentation is remote from the index procedure. Unanticipated anatomic variations can predispose to CAIs. Therefore, awareness of the relationship between CA course and anatomical ablation site before RFA may be important to prevent CAIs and improve procedural safety.
Preanalytical Sedimentation Effects on Hematological Tests
Authors: Gard Kenneth , Gunsolus Ian L
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Specimens suspected of errors related to low hemoglobin or changes in hemoglobin beyond that of clinically explained variations during hospital stays are frequently redrawn under the auspices that they are contaminated. When lack of an indwelling IV eliminates contamination as a possibility, evaluation of the specimen between the time of collection and testing should occur.

Methods

As part of a quality improvement project, we investigated the impact of sedimentation on collected blood specimens not immediately transferred to their respective tubes from a syringe. Each syringe of blood was allowed to stand in a vertical position on the transfer device. After 10 min, each syringe was divided into a bottom half and top half into fresh blood tubes, with half of the samples inverted prior to division. Samples were then analyzed for complete blood count.

Results

These results indicate that implementing an inversion of collected specimens prior to transferring will effectively eliminate variations related to sedimentation of blood.

Conclusions

Results highlight the importance of specimen handling after collection, including appropriate mixing to avoid erroneous results caused by erythrocyte sedimentation. Mixing syringes before transferring blood to collection tubes ensures a uniform sample and accurate result.
Load-to-strength ratio as an estimate of wrist facture after gastric bypass vs gastric banding
Authors: Jung Grace H , Zahedi Bita , Bouxsein Mary L , Yu Elaine W
Published: December 2024

Bariatric surgeries such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and adjustable gastric banding (AGB) lead to long-term deficits in bone density but are also accompanied by decreased weight, which may lower the impact force with falls. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term skeletal impact of RYGB and AGB using a biomechanical evaluation of load-to-strength ratio at the distal radius as a surrogate for wrist fracture risk. We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating bone microarchitectural parameters and bone turnover in adults who received either RYGB or AGB surgery ≥10 yr ago (RYGB: n = 22; AGB: n = 23). Bone strength at the distal radius was estimated by microfinite element analysis from HR-pQCT. We used a single-spring biomechanical model to estimate impact force and then calculated load-to-strength ratio as a ratio of impact force to bone strength, with higher load-to-strength ratios representing a higher susceptibility to fracture. In multivariable analyses, the RYGB group had higher bone resorption marker C-telopeptide (CTX) levels, lower volumetric bone density, and worse cortical and trabecular microarchitectural parameters than the AGB group. Furthermore, estimated bone strength at the radius was lower in the RYGB group (3725 ± 139 N vs 4141 ± 157 N, p = .030), and the load-to-strength ratio was higher in RYGB group as compared with AGB (0.84 ± 0.04 vs 0.72 ± 0.05, p = .035), suggestive of higher propensity for wrist fracture. Taken together, these results indicate the long-term deleterious skeletal effects are more concerning with RYGB than AGB.
Changes in breast cancer risk associated with benign breast disease from 1967 to 2013
Authors: Degnim Amy C , Ghosh Karthik , Vierkant Robert A , Winham Stacey J , Hoskin Tanya L , Carter Jodi M , McCauley Bryan M , Jensen Matt R , Allers Teresa , Frost Marlene , Gehling Denice L , Fischer Jessica L , Seymour Lisa R , Pacheco-Spann Laura M , Rosenberg Philip S , Denison Lori A , Vachon Celine M , Hartmann Lynn C , Radisky Derek C , Sherman Mark E
Published: December 2024

Background

Benign breast disease (BBD) increases breast cancer (BC) risk progressively for women diagnosed with nonproliferative change, proliferative disease without atypia (PDWA), and atypical hyperplasia (AH). Leveraging data from 18 704 women in the Mayo BBD Cohort (1967-2013), we evaluated temporal trends in BBD diagnoses and how they have influenced associated BC risk over 4 decades.

Methods

BC risk trends associated with BBD were evaluated using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and age–period–cohort modeling across 4 eras—premammogram (1967-1981), precore needle biopsy (CNB) (1982-1992), transition to CNB (1993-2001), and CNB era (2002-2013).

Results

With a median follow-up of 15.8 years, 9.9% of women were diagnosed with BC (invasive and/or DCIS). From the premammogram era to the CNB era, we observed a significant increase in BC risk, rising from an SIR of 1.61 to 1.99. The proportion of proliferative BBD diagnoses (PDWA or AH) increased markedly over time (28.1%-49.7%), as did the proportion of DCIS events (11%-28%; χ2  P < .001). Within specific BBD categories, the risk of invasive BC increased modestly.

Conclusions

Absolute risk of BC within BBD categories remained stable, but the relative risk of BC after BBD increased over time due to notable increases in higher risk BBD lesions, specifically PDWA and AH. These findings illustrate how evolving screening practices have changed the risk profile of BBD and should inform management strategies for patients with BBD in modern clinical settings.
Accepting Appreciation: Partner Perceptions and Major Non-NATO Ally Designations
Authors: Parker Tyler B
Published: December 2024

A diverse group of governments have accepted “Major Non-NATO Ally” (MNNA) status since the designation's establishment in the late 1980s. This United States (U.S.) designation signals friendship and facilitates cooperation, but it provides no formal security commitments. Why and when have U.S. partners accepted MNNA status? I argue that designees will accept the status when they are ready to acknowledge America's appreciation—a perceptual and relational concept that conveys gratitude absent guarantees. For some designees, untimely embrace of U.S. appreciation could negatively impact their relations with their societies and/or third-party states. For others, accepting appreciation would preclude forming a formal alliance with the U.S. I analyze published sources and incorporate interviews to compare Qatar, which accepted MNNA status in 2022, and the United Arab Emirates, which has not accepted the status as of late 2024. This article contributes to the literature on asymmetric security alignments by centering the Gulf governments and it provides a timely evaluation of an underexplored aspect of global alliance politics.
Current advance in comprehensive management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and navigation in surgery: non-systematic reviews
Authors: Luo Man , Yang Jiapeng , Zhang Kai , Sun Ji , Lu Zhiyu , Wang Zhihao , Hu Yaowei , Zhai Jianxin , Xie Peng , Siqin Tana , Lang Mengran , Meng Xuan , Wang Hongguang
Published: December 2024

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (h-CCA) originates from the epithelial cells, which characters as longitudinal growth along the bile ducts and invasion of peripheral vascular nerves. Due to the tumors insidious progression and usually become advanced stage disease at presentation, patients’ mortality could parallel incidence rates. For patients who are not amenable to resection, systemic therapy and palliative treatment become the way to go. Dawn of the immunotherapy era offers new opportunity for patients with advanced tumors. Numbers of successful clinical trials have been conducted these years, giving us the chance to optimize multiple treatment modalities. Although liver transplantation is worth to be considered, there is no high-level evidence to support it better outcomes over surgical resection. Given the poor prognosis of h-CCA, radical resection (R0) undoubtfully becomes the only irreplaceable treatment to prolonged survival. Thus, tumors free boundary assessment along the bile duct hit the crucial point. Over the years, numerous imaging techniques leveraging computed tomography, MRI, intraoperation ultrasound and endoscopy with the aim of guiding operation to eliminating cancers. Novel fiberscopes utilizing the second near-infrared region light (NIR-II) offer the potential to assist surgeon visualize tumors precisely. In this review, we summarize the clinical palliative care for advanced h-CCA patients and new opportunities for medications, discussing liver transplantation and other available treatment that not widely disseminated. In addition, we mainly focus on the novel technique of real-time intraoperation imaging navigation to achieve R0 resection and potential molecule prognosis development in the intractable disease.
A multi-trait approach identified 7 novel genes for back pain
Authors: Belonogova Nadezhda M. , Elgaeva Elizaveta E. , Zorkoltseva Irina V. , Kirichenko Anatoliy V. , Svishcheva Gulnara R. , Freidin Maxim B. , Williams Frances M. K. , Suri Pradeep , Axenovich Tatiana I. , Tsepilov Yakov A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Back pain (BP) is a complex heritable trait with an estimated heritability of 40% to 60%. Less than half of this can be explained by known genetic variants identified in genome-wide association studies.

Objectives:

We applied a powerful multi-trait and gene-based approach to association analysis of BP to identify novel genes associated with BP.

Methods:

Using phenotypes and imputed genotypes from the UK Biobank 500k dataset, we generated a multi-trait phenotype by combining 3 BP-related phenotypes: chronic BP, dorsalgia, and intervertebral disk disorders. We performed gene-based association analysis for 3 BP-related phenotypes and multi-trait phenotype. Conditional analysis was applied to account for the effects of genetic variants outside the gene. Finally, we replicated significantly associated genes using the FinnGen database.

Results:

We identified 32 genes associated with BP and replicated 16 of them. Thirteen genes were detected using the multi-trait phenotype. Seven of the detected genes, MIPOL1, PTPRC, RHOA, MAML3, JADE2, MLLT10, and RERG, were not previously reported. Several new genes are known to be associated with traits genetically correlated with BP or to be involved in pathways associated with BP.

Conclusion:

Using new powerful methods of association analysis, we identified 7 novel genes associated with BP. Our results provide new insights into the genetics of back pain.
The effects of psychosocial aftercare following pediatric chronic pain treatment withstand the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: long-term outcomes of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rau Lisa-Marie , Dogan Meltem , Hirschfeld Gerrit , Blankenburg Markus , Frühwald Michael C. , Ahnert Rosemarie , Braun Sarah , Marschall Ursula , Zernikow Boris , Wager Julia
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) is the best therapy available for children and adolescents affected by severe chronic pain. Psychosocial aftercare (PAC) offered for 6 months after IIPT can improve treatment outcomes for up to 12 months.

Objectives:

The current study is the first to explore whether PAC is superior to treatment as usual at a long-term follow-up of 18 to 33 months after discharge—including when facing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:

A multicenter randomized controlled trial investigated the impact of PAC with follow-up assessments in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 209). Multilevel models and regression analyses explored long-term treatment effects on pain characteristics and psychological outcomes, associations of pandemic-related burden with these outcomes, and whether pandemic-related burden moderates those effects.

Results:

Patients who received PAC significantly improved treatment outcomes concerning pain characteristics and psychological well-being 18 to 33 months after IIPT discharge. A COVID-19 infection among family members or peers was associated with a lower probability of having chronic pain at long-term follow-up, whereas having missed or rescheduled health care appointments was associated with a higher probability. Positive evaluations of family time during the pandemic were associated with better psychological well-being. Regardless of pandemic-related burdens, PAC had similarly better outcomes than treatment as usual. Only for anxiety, greater burdens mitigated the advantages of PAC.

Conclusion:

Despite adverse circumstances, PAC retained its superiority long-term. Integrating PAC into routine health care to support families after IIPT should be prioritized to yield enduring treatment effects, acting as a buffer against the impacts of unpredictable adverse events.
What do ultrasound vocalizations really mean in rats with different origins of pain?
Authors: Yu Yang , Li Chun-Li , Du Rui , Wang Xiao-Liang , Chen Jun
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

This study is to assess how 22 kHz and 50 kHz spontaneous ultrasound vocalization (USV) calls would be affected by different origins of pain so as to validate the use of USV in pain studies.

Methods:

Five well-established rat models of pain were used to evaluate various parameters of spontaneous 22 kHz and 50 kHz calls in adult male rats in terms of both acute and chronic or inflammatory and neuropathic or somatic and visceral origins. The effects of local lidocaine blockade of the injection site and intraperitoneal administration of antidepressant (amitriptyline) and anticonvulsant (gabapentin) were examined as well in typical inflammatory and neuropathic pain models, respectively.

Results:

The major new gains were as follows: (1) naive rats staying alone and engaging dyadic social interaction with a naive or a conspecific in pain emitted similar power and amounts of both 22 kHz and 50 kHz spontaneous USV calls; however, rats suffering from various origins of pain emitted significantly less USV calls of both 22 kHz and 50 kHz in terms of both number and time. (2) Local blockade of the injury sites of inflammatory pain could reverse the impaired emission of both 22 kHz and 50 kHz spontaneous calls, so did the treatment of the rats with neuropathic pain by amitriptyline and gabapentin.

Conclusions:

Emissions of both 22 kHz and 50 kHz spontaneous calls were impaired by acute and chronic pain conditions regardless of inflammatory and neuropathic or somatic and visceral origins.
Novel Plating System Designed Specifically for Chin Narrowing Surgery
Authors: Pokrowiecki Rafal
Published: December 2024

Chin narrowing surgery also described as T-shape genioplasty is a procedure commonly performed in South Korean females, as well as, transgender females as it provides more triangle and feminine appearance of the lower face. It requires segmentation of the chin and that is more challenging than classic sliding genioplasty, which is commonly performed in the correction of retro or progenia. This article describes the utility of the new concept of a t-shape genioplasty plate that reduces the time of operation and minimizes typical complications of this procedure such as postoperative chin asymmetry or inadequate adhesion between bone segments.