bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blood and breath alcohol concentration from transdermal alcohol biosensor data: estimation and uncertainty quantification via forward and inverse filtering for a covariate-dependent, physics-informed, hidden Markov model*
Authors: Oszkinat Clemens , Shao Tianlan , Wang Chunming , Rosen I G , Rosen Allison D , Saldich Emily B , Luczak Susan E
Published: March 2022

Transdermal alcohol biosensors that do not require active participation of the subject and yield near continuous measurements have the potential to significantly enhance the data collection abilities of alcohol researchers and clinicians who currently rely exclusively on breathalyzers and drinking diaries. Making these devices accessible and practical requires that transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) be accurately and consistently transformable into the well-accepted measures of intoxication, blood alcohol concentration/breath alcohol concentration (BrAC). A novel approach to estimating BrAC from TAC based on covariate-dependent physics-informed hidden Markov models (HMMs) with two emissions is developed. The hidden Markov chain serves as a forward full-body alcohol model with BrAC and TAC, the two emissions, assumed to be described by a bivariate normal which depends on the hidden Markovian states and person-level and session-level covariates via built-in regression models. An innovative extension of hidden Markov modeling is developed wherein the HMM framework is regularized by a first-principles PDE model to yield a hybrid that combines prior knowledge of the physics of transdermal ethanol transport with data-based learning. Training, or inverse filtering, is effected via the Baum–Welch algorithm and 256 sets of BrAC and TAC signals and covariate measurements collected in the laboratory. Forward filtering of TAC to obtain estimated BrAC is achieved via a new physics-informed regularized Viterbi algorithm which determines the most likely path through the hidden Markov chain using TAC alone. The Markovian states are decoded and used to yield estimates of BrAC and to quantify the uncertainty in the estimates. Numerical studies are presented and discussed. Overall good agreement between BrAC data and estimates was observed with a median relative peak error of 22% and a median relative area under the curve error of 25% on the test set. We also demonstrate that the physics-informed Viterbi algorithm eliminates non-physical artifacts in the BrAC estimates.
Regularization of ill-posed problems involving constant-coefficient pseudo-differential operators
Authors: Karimi Milad
Published: March 2022

This paper deals with the wavelet regularization for ill-posed problems involving linear constant-coefficient pseudo-differential operators. We concentrate on solving ill-posed equations involving these operators, which are behaving badly in theory and practice. Since a wide range of ill-posed and inverse problems in mathematical physics can be described and rewritten by the language of these operators, it has gathered significant attention in the literature. Based on a general framework, we classify ill-posed problems in terms of their degree of ill-posedness into mildly, moderately, and severely ill-posed problems in a certain Sobolev scale. Using wavelet multi-resolution approximations, it is shown that wavelet regularizers can achieve order-optimal rates of convergence for pseudo-differential operators in special Sobolev space both for the a priori and the a posteriori choice rules. Our strategy, however, turns out that both schemes yield comparable convergence rates. In this setting, ultimately, we provided some prototype examples for which our theoretical results correctly predict improved rates of convergence.
Analysis and modelling of momentum transport based on NBI modulation experiments at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Zimmermann C F B , McDermott R M , Fable E , Angioni C , Duval B P , Dux R , Salmi A , Stroth U , Tala T , Tardini G , Pütterich T
Published: March 2022

The prediction of plasma rotation is of high interest for fusion research due to the effects of the rotation upon magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities, impurities, and turbulent transport in general. In this work, an analysis method was studied and validated to reliably extract momentum transport coefficients from neutral beam injection (NBI) modulation experiments. To this end, a set of discharges was created with similar background profiles for the ion and electron temperatures, the heat fluxes, the electron density, and the plasma rotation that, therefore, should exhibit similar momentum transport coefficients. In these discharges, a range of temporal perturbations were imposed by modulating and varying the power deposition of the NBI, electron-cyclotron-resonance heating (ECRH), and ion-cyclotron-resonance heating (ICRH). The transport model including diffusion, convection, and residual stress was implemented within the ASTRA code. The Prandtl number

P
r
=

χ
φ

/

χ
i

was assessed via the GKW code. A convective Coriolis pinch was fitted and the intrinsic torque from the residual stress was estimated. The obtained transport coefficients agree within error bars for sufficiently small imposed temperature perturbations, as would be expected, from the similar background profiles. This successful validation of the methodology opens the door to study the parametric dependence of the diffusive and convective momentum transport of the main ions of the plasma as well as the turbulent intrinsic torque in a future work.
Mechanochemical characteristics and influence mechanisms of a biomass hydrogel artificial muscle based on different parameters of the sodium alginate adjustment
Authors: Yang Junjie , Wang Siyong , Yao Jintong , Yang Xiongfei , Yu Tao , Wei Kang
Published: March 2022

Biomass hydrogel artificial muscle (BHAM) is a kind of ionic electroactive polymers, such as ionic polymer gels of good biocompatibility and stimulus responsiveness under electric field, which is largely used in the fields of soft robots and electric actuators. In this paper, based on the freeze-drying process, effect and influence mechanisms of sodium alginate (SA) parameters adjustment on the BHAM mechanochemical characteristics were researched extensively, which was verified by a set of perfect characteristic evaluation and experimental test methods, such as the porosity P (v%), water retention rate W
r (w%), mechanochemical property testing and scanning electron microscope shots. The results showed that when the concentration of SA was 20 g l−1, the actuating film of BHAM had suitable thickness and stomata in macroscopic appearance, and its micro pore distribution and size were uniform with the thin pore wall, which resulted in the highest porosity (i.e. ion channel) of 73.5 v%, the largest water retention rate of 76.2 w% and the optimum tensile strength of 0.38 MPa. Furthermore, calcium chloride (CaCl2) was adopted as a cross-linking agent to react with the SA to form calcium alginate (CA) by different CaCl2 cross-linking ratios, that was to modify the three-dimensional microstructure of the BHAM to improve its mechanical properties with the best deflection displacement of 23.9 mm and bending strain of 3.45% under the ideal CaCl2 cross-linking ratio of 1%. Besides, the diffraction of x-rays analysis and thermal decomposition experiments of the BHAM were performed, which was demonstrated that the thermal stability of the CA-based BHAM was higher than that of the SA-based BHAM.
Electromagnetic characteristic analysis of a REBCO magnet with a current bypass/distribution winding technique under an asynchronous rotating magnetic field
Authors: Chae Yoon Seok , Kim Ji Hyung , Quach Huu Luong , Yoon Yong Soo , Kim Ho Min
Published: March 2022

Generally, high-temperature superconducting rotating machines (HTSRMs) are considered synchronous machines. If the output of the HTSRM fluctuates based on frequent changes in the electrical or mechanical loads, there is the concern that an asynchronous rotating magnetic field (RMF) is applied from the stationary copper armature winding to the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) field winding in the rotary. This may act as a magnetic disturbance to the HTS field magnet, resulting in permanent damage. To enhance the reliability of HTS magnets in wind power and electric propulsion applications, winding methods with current bypass/distribution characteristics, such as no-insulation (NI) and metal-insulation (MI), have attracted scholarly attention because of their high thermal and electrical stabilities, resulting in their self-stabilizing and protective performances. To verify the feasibility of the NI and MI winding techniques for wind power generators, the basic characteristics under a time-varying magnetic field must be studied, contrary to HTS magnet applications under a time-static magnetic field. Therefore, the electromagnetic characteristics of rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) magnets applied with NI and MI winding technologies were compared and analyzed in this study, considering the magnetically transient situations in which an asynchronous RMF is applied to REBCO magnets. In addition, we developed a characteristic evaluation device similar to a synchronous rotating machine to generate the unsynchronized RMF. Moreover, various basic tests were performed to target the small racetrack-type field windings. The critical current, n-value, terminal voltage, and center magnetic field are investigated under various values of the frequency and current amplitude of the three-phase armature winding, and their behaviors are discussed in detail based on the characteristic resistances of the two test magnets.
Experimental and first-principles studies of superconductivity in topological nodal line semimetal SnTaS2
Authors: Ash Soumen , Naskar Moumita , P N Ravi Shankar , Jena Nityasagar , Sundaresan A , Ganguli Ashok Kumar
Published: March 2022

We report a detailed study of superconductivity in polycrystalline SnTaS2 using electrical transport, magnetization and heat capacity measurements. SnTaS2 crystallizes in centrosymmetric hexagonal structure with space group

P

6
3

/

m
m
c

. Electrical resistivity, magnetization and specific heat data suggest SnTaS2 to be a weakly coupled, type-II superconductor with

T
c

≈
2.8

K. First-principles calculations show signature for nodal line topology in the electronic band structure, protected by the spatial-inversion and time-reversal symmetries, that strongly gapped out by the inclusion of spin–orbit coupling. Superconductivity in layered SnTaS2 with nodal line topological state makes it a strong candidate to be considered for a 3D topological superconductor.
Multifrequency Bessel beams with adjustable group velocity and longitudinal acceleration in free space
Authors: Hildén P , Ilina E , Kaivola M , Shevchenko A
Published: March 2022

The group velocity of an optical beam in free space is usually considered to be equal to the speed of light in vacuum. However, it has been recently realized that, by structuring the beam’s angular and temporal spectra, one can achieve well pronounced and controlled subluminal and superluminal propagation. In this work, we consider multifrequency Bessel beams that are known to propagate without divergence and show a variety of possibilities to adjust the group velocity of the beam by means of designed angular dispersion. We present several examples of multifrequency Bessel beams with negative and arbitrary positive group velocities, as well as longitudinally accelerating beams and beams with periodically oscillating local group velocities. The results of these studies can be of interest to scientists working in the fields of optical beam engineering, light amplitude and intensity interferometry, ultrafast optics, and optical tweezers.
Entropy variation of rotating BTZ black hole under Hawking radiation
Authors: Ali Shad , Arshad Kamran Muhammad , Ullah Khan Misbah
Published: March 2022

An axially symmetric rotating Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole is considered for comprehending its interior information. The largest space-like hyper-surface is chosen to estimate its maximal interior volume as a time-dependent quantity. Similarly, the quantum mode entropy of the scalar field associated with this volume is found to increase with Eddington time. An evolution relation between the variation of quantum mode entropy and Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is obtained for an infinitesimal time interval. On comparing to higher-dimensional black holes, the characteristic feature of this evolution relation is its divergent character.
Viscous generalised Chaplygin gas under the purview of f(T) gravity and the model assessment through probabilistic information theory
Authors: Saha Sanghati , Chattopadhyay Surajit
Published: March 2022

In this work we have reported a study on the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) in the presence of bulk viscosity. Reconstruction schemes have been demonstrated in Einstein and modified f(T) gravity framework 4(T is the torsion scalar) in interacting scenario and under the purview of viscous cosmological settings. Non-viscous cases have also been taken into account. The equation of state (EoS) parameter has been studied under the various circumstances and the stability of the models has been judged through the sign of squared speed of sound. The GCG interacting with pressure-less dark matter has been found to be behaving like quintom in presence of bulk viscosity and in non-viscous case a quintessence like behaviour has been reported. Finally, the reconstructed GCG comes out to be stable against small perturbations irrespective of the presence of bulk viscosity. Finally, the reconstruction scheme has been assessed using statistical analysis, Shannon entropy and Gaussian Mixture Model.
First-principles study of ferromagnetic, optical, and transport properties of double Perovskites Z2FeTiO6 (Z = Mg, Zn)
Authors: Ghrib Taher , Flemban Tahani H , Alshahrani Thamraa , Bouzgarrou S , Ercan Filiz , Mera Abeer , Somaily H H , Mahmood Q
Published: March 2022

Spintronics is an emerging technology in which electron spin carries information along with its charge. The current article reveals the ferromagnetic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Z2FeTiO6 (Z = Mg, Zn) predicted using the first-principles calculations. Heisenberg’s classical model and polarization density calculations ensure ferromagnetism above room temperature and 100% spin polarization. Besides, the nature of ferromagnetism has been addressed by s-d and p-d exchange splitting, double exchange model, exchange energies, crystal field energy, and exchange constants. Furthermore, the optical properties are elaborated by dielectric constant, refractive index, and absorption in which intra-band transitions are incorporated. Finally, the thermal transports of the materials are investigated in terms of electrical and thermal conductivities, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor.
Study of the 13C(3He, α)12C reaction at energies of 50 and 60 MeV
Authors: Nassurlla Maulen , Burtebayev N , Karakozov B K , Sakuta S B , Janseitov D , Nassurlla Marzhan , Alimov D , Burtebayeva J , Sabidolda A , Kemper K W , Khojayev R , Hamada Sh
Published: March 2022

Cross sections for the 13C(3He, α)12C reaction were measured for 12C states up to excitation energies of about 20 MeV for 3He energies of 50 and 60 MeV. An analysis of the measured angular distributions was carried out using the Coupled Channels Born Approximation method under the assumption of a direct one-step mechanism of picking up a neutron from the 13C nucleus. In these calculations, the real parts of the implemented potentials were constructed within the framework of the double folding model. This analysis made it possible to extract the values of the spectroscopic factors for the 13C
g.s.
 → 12C
g.s.
(12C*) + n configurations, which were found to be in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions.
The eye of the storm: a regular Kerr black hole
Authors: Simpson Alex , Visser Matt
Published: March 2022

We analyse in some detail a highly tractable non-singular
modification of the Kerr geometry, dubbed the “eye of the storm”
— a rotating regular black hole with an asymptotically Minkowski
core. This is achieved by “exponentially suppressing” the mass
parameter in the Kerr spacetime: m → m e-ℓ/r
. The
single suppression parameter ℓ quantifies the deviation from
the usual Kerr spacetime. Some of the classical energy conditions
are globally satisfied, whilst certain choices for ℓ force any
energy-condition-violating physics into the deep core. The geometry
possesses the full “Killing tower” of principal tensor,
Killing-Yano tensor, and nontrivial Killing tensor, with associated
Carter constant; hence the Hamilton-Jacobi equations are separable,
and the geodesics integrable. Both the Klein-Gordon equation and
Maxwell's equations are also separable on this candidate
spacetime. The tightly controlled deviation from Kerr renders the
physics extraordinarily tractable when compared with analogous
candidates in the literature. This spacetime will be amenable to
straightforward extraction of astrophysical observables falsifiable/
verifiable by the experimental community.
Dynamic behavior of the quantum correlations of two cavity fields in the double Jaynes–Cummings model
Authors: Liu Yu-Jie , Wang Jing-Jing , Zheng Li , Shi Ying , Xiong Li
Published: March 2022

The influence of the atom’s spatial degrees of freedom and the purity of the initial state on the dynamics of Bell non-locality, entanglement, geometric measure of quantum discord (GMQD) and quantum discord in a double Jaynes–Cummings model are investigated. We study the above four quantum correlations for an initial Werner-like state between the electronic states of the two atoms and between the two cavities respectively and find that all these quantum correlations are sensitive to the wave packet width and the purity of the initial state. For Bell non-locality, we find the phenomenon of sudden death and sudden birth, whereas the other three quantum correlations decay to zero asymptotically. We find that both the wave packet width and the purity of the initial state affect the GMQD and quantum discord in a similar way and we also notice that GMQD and quantum discord always exist, except where the purity of the initial state is zero, while Bell non-locality and entanglement can occur only when the purity meets certain conditions.
High harmonics generation in gases near the gratings: towards the spectrum enhancement and enrichment
Authors: Andreev Anatoli V , Konovko Andrey A , Stremoukhov Sergey Yu
Published: March 2022

The problem of harmonic generation efficiency (as an example of non-linear optical phenomena) increasing by atomic media near the surface of a one-dimensional metal diffraction grating under conditions of plasmon resonance excitation is considered. The local field enhancement factor dependences on diffraction grating profile are studied. Spatial distribution of the femtosecond pulse electric field strength over the grating surface under conditions of plasmon resonance excitation is simulated. Generated harmonic efficiency enhancement and photoemission spectra enrichment (due to laser field strength amplification near the grating) are discussed.
Toward holistic understanding of the ITER-like resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) ELM control on KSTAR
Authors: In Yongkyoon , Lee H.H. , Park G.Y. , Jeon Y.M. , Kim M. , Kim K. , Park J.-K. , Yang S.M. , Loarte A. , Liu Y.Q. , Park H. , the 3D Physics Task Force in KSTAR
Published: March 2022

KSTAR has clarified a set of unresolved 3D physics issues utilizing the ITER-like in-vessel, three-row, resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) configurations. Since RMP-driven, edge-localized-modes (ELMs)-crash control elevates the divertor heat flux peak through its impact on edge plasma parameters and transport, a series of intentionally misaligned RMP configurations (IMCs) have been explored to investigate the relationship between RMP ELM control and divertor heat fluxes, while searching for an ideal IMC that could be favorable in both aspects. First of all, the contrasting influence of kink vs anti-kink phasing on the ELM-crash suppression has been articulated, demonstrating the synergistic benefit of ‘kink’ phasing on ELM-crash-suppression. On the other hand, the three-row IMC in the anti-kink phasing becomes more insensitive to the ELM-crashes at the sub-marginal level of RMP, consistent with theory. Meanwhile, the divertor ‘wetted’ area of ELM-crash-suppression gets narrower than that of ELM-crash-mitigation, suggesting that ELM-crash-mitigation remains advantageous over ELM-crash-suppression in terms of time-averaged divertor thermal loading. In comparison, based on a set of two-row IMCs, no evidence of divertor heat flux broadening was found during ELM-crash-suppression, supporting a hypothesis that the dispersal of the divertor heat flux in three-row IMCs cannot be driven by helically structured two-row RMPs alone. Among ITER-like three-rows, lower two-row RMPs have been found to be much more effective in suppressing the ELM-crashes than upper two-row RMPs. Although it is quite preliminary, the up/down asymmetric dependence of RMP coupling may be generically attributed to lower-single-null plasmas. Such a holistic understanding of RMP-driven, ELM-crash-control in KSTAR is expected not only to elucidate various subtle points in the vicinity of ELM-crash-suppression, but also to clarify the relevant divertor thermal loading issues for ITER and beyond.
Efficiency of tractor track scarifiers used for sowing grain crops
Authors: Hafizov C A , Khafizov R N , Nurmiev A A , Yarovoy M N
Published: March 2022

The paper explores the efficiency of tractor track scarifiers that, once mounted, are constantly used with tractors for performing various technological operations, including layout of seedbed and sowing. The efficiency of tractor track scarifiers is calculated using a mathematical model of agricultural implements. A performance indicator is total energy consumption that include the energy of the crop lost due to soil compaction by tractor wheels. The computational experiments show the efficiency of tractor track scarifiers for sowing. A power effect for a sowing machine used with a John Deere-9430 tractor is in the range of 8000-10000 MJ/ha.
Assessment of winter wheat yield depending on agrotechnical techniques and fertility of typical chernozem
Authors: Orekhovskaya A A
Published: March 2022

The article considered the issues of increasing the yield of winter wheat grain, depending on the method of basic tillage, application of manure and mineral fertilizers. A correlation and regression analysis of the yield of winter wheat grain from the applied agrotechnical techniques, indicators of the fertility of typical chernozem were carried out. It was found that the greatest increase in yield in the grain-grass crop rotation was due to shaft-free tillage for maximum fertilization, and in the grain-tillage with the same doses of fertilizers - with the use of minimal tillage. Linear regression equations have been calculated to predict the yield of winter wheat grain from agrotechnical techniques.
Development of a vacuum pump with a double-circuit lubrication system for milking machines
Authors: Kapustin I V , Gritsay D I , Shvetsov I I , Baganov N A
Published: March 2022

The efficiency of milking dairy farm animals depends on the reliability of the milking equipment. Domestic milking machines are equipped with UVU 45/60 with a rotary vacuum pump that has an extremely limited service life, which is mainly due to imperfection of the lubrication system for its working bodies. In addition, oil loss along with the exhaust air leads to high lubricant consumption and environmental pollution. Analysis of modern designs of foreign rotary vacuum pumps shows that their operational reliability and service life are increased at the expense of maximum reduction of friction in the working body due to the improvement of the lubrication system, increased productivity, and elimination of oil loss and environmental pollution. One of the technical solutions to solve these problems is to equip the vacuum installation with a device that provides circulating lubrication of the pump working bodies without emitting oil into the atmosphere. The team of authors substantiated the design of the oil trap for the pump lubrication system with the efficiency of separating oil from the exhaust air up to 95 %. Experimental vacuum installations with single-circuit and double-circuit lubrication systems have been developed. Production tests of vacuum installations performed at a number of farms in Stavropol Territory confirmed high efficiency of the proposed engineering solution. The operational reliability of the pump due to the circulating lubrication of its working bodies in terms of the prolonged overhaul period increased by 65-70 %. Irrecoverable oil losses and environmental pollution are almost excluded. The payback period for additional capital investments in the vacuum installation design does not exceed 1.2-1.5 years.
Using growth regulators in production of peas
Authors: Vinogradov D V , Evsenina M V
Published: March 2022

Intensive agriculture poses new challenges for science and practice that go far beyond increasing the gross yield. They include the prevention of lodging of cereals when high agricultural background, the synchronization of fruit ripening, which is necessary for their machine harvesting, an increase in the proportion of early harvesting with its unchanged value. The competent use of plant growth regulators will allow solving such problems. In most cases, they are not used to increase the yield of dry matter per unit area. This task is successfully solved by such traditional means as fertilizers. Physiologically active compounds are widely used in vegetable and berry crops, in crops of grain and legumes. These crops, due to their biological characteristics, require management of growth and development during the period of crop formation, especially in conditions of the Non-Black Earth Zone. All common pea varieties are characterized by uneven ripening, cracking of beans, being close to the soil and significant lodging of stems. All these things force researchers to search for physiologically active compounds that can shorten the stem, activate photosynthetic activity, accelerate maturation, facilitate harvesting and increase productivity. Undoubtedly, as the understanding of the mechanisms of hormonal regulation of plant growth and development is expanded and deepened, more and more possibilities will appear for managing these processes to increase productivity or reduce labor costs.
Are Electric Vehicle Stocks in ASEAN Countries Investible during the Covid-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Mariana Christy Dwita , Patria Harry
Published: March 2022

Electric vehicle, as one of the low carbon footprints, has transformed a wide range of energy and public sectors. Utilizing the WHO Covid-19 pandemic statement, we search for the optimal portfolio from the top seven Electric Vehicle (EV) enterprises in ASEAN. Using the MonteCarlo simulation of optimal risky assets portfolio, we find that before and during the pandemic, the optimal portfolio weights differ significantly. Before (during) the pandemic, the investment weight of optimal portfolio consists of Toyota Motor Corporation 49.83% (42.99%), Star 8 Corporation 23.20% (9.73%), Hyundai Motor Corporation 20.81% (10.63%), BMW.DE 2.79% (32.08%), Honda Motor Company 2.56% (0.64%), Mitsubishi Motor Corporation 0.68% (0.09%), and Nissan Motor Co. 0.14% (3.84%). The Sharpe Ratio shows how during the pandemic, the portfolio of EV stocks give more excessive return compare to their risks, from 93.55% to 250.62%. These findings support the notion of how EV stocks are investible, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Mini Review of Indonesia’s Potential Bioenergy and Regulations
Authors: Saputra A , Sriyono B , Pauling L
Published: March 2022

Indonesia’s bioenergy potential is enormous. Utilization of bioenergy can be a solution to future energy independence. It is predicted that fossil fuel production will start to decline in 2025 and the need for other sustainable sources of energy will be significantly increase. To turn the potential to real benefits, the supporting conditions policies, and regulations to ensure incentives, prices, and subsidies, need to be made jointly by various related structures of the government. The development of bioenergy in Indonesia shall be planned in the context of sustainability. That shall include plans for the growth of green environment, mitigation, and adaptation to changes in climate. It will be expected to give a big contribution to the Bonn Challenge, which is an attempt globally to return the 350 million hectares of green land status in 2030, as intended by The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change for the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions.
Modelling low carbon electricity generation of an integrated ASEAN power grid
Authors: Atmo Gigih Udi , Otsuki Takashi , Nurcahyanto Eri
Published: March 2022

In 1997, 10 economies of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) established the ASEAN Power Grid (APG), a cross-border interconnection network that effectively uses regional energy resources. This study aims to quantify the effect of ASEAN power grid interconnection on electricity exports-imports between south-east Asia economies and its implications for renewable energy shares and carbon emission in power generation. Three scenarios are assessed in this model. The Base Scenario simulates APG parameters in 2030, considering four existing interconnections and those interconnection projects currently under construction. The second scenario, HAPUA Scenario, includes all the future interconnection projects outlined in the HAPUA report. The carbon tax scenario as the last scenario, aims to evaluate whether carbon pricing policies in Southeast Asia may incentivise cleaner energy and renewable energy development in the region. Under the HAPUA Scenario, Indonesia increases coal and/or gas-fired generation for electricity exports, contributing to a slight increase in CO2 emissions from power generation for the ASEAN region. It appears that carbon price affects the choice of electricity generation and incentivise cross-border electricity trade. Under the carbon tax scenario, emissions will decline to 719 MtCO2 or 22% lower than the base scenario and 24% than the HAPUA scenario.
Sustainability of the Water Footprint of Various Soil Types on Oil Palm Plantations
Authors: Safitri Lisma , Hermantoro  , Kautsar Valensi , Suparyanto Teddy , Hidayat Alam Ahmad , Pardamean Bens
Published: March 2022

There are significant studies that have quantified oil palm water footprint as an indicator of environmental sustainability but an estimation of water footprint under varying soil types furthermore is still limited. The objectives of the study were to estimate whether annual variations of soil type and yields significantly effects for the oil palm water footprint. The data from three types of soil (spodosol, inceptisol, ultisol) were collected from an oil palm plantation in Pundu village, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. To perform the water footprint analysis we utilize water balance accounting equations via application Cropwat 8.0. From that, we determine the crop irrigation scheduling to compute the blue, green, and grey water footprint of oil palm fresh fruit bunch in the area. Our analysis found that the actual evapotranspiration of spodosol and inceptisol have the same value: 1242 mm/year whilst ultisol is 1239 mm/year. The total water footprint of oil palm varied considerably with the largest value being 1310.04 m3/ton for ultisol. The actual evapotranspiration of spodosol and inceptisol have the same value of 1242 mm/year whilst ultisol is 1239 mm/year. The higher production resulted in a lower water footprint and vice versa. Moreover, the total water footprint from ultisol soil type has the highest value due to the lowest yields. The difference in evapotranspiration value resulted in the insignificant value of total water footprint. The lower water availability, the lower water use, and the higher actual irrigation requirement in oil palm plantation yet showed the unnotable impact on water footprint in different soil types for the oil palm plantation.
Study Of Model Design Changes On Volume And Superposition Using Building Information Modelling - Based Technology
Authors: Utomo M A T , Putra A B , Farrel  , Novandy
Published: March 2022

The rapid development of the construction world in Indonesia raises the need for more effective supporting technologies. One example of technology support in the construction world is the application of Building Information Modelling. With this background, the research was made using the implementation of BIM on a project, in order to increase the digitization of the construction world in the future. By using various BIM software such as Allplan engineer, Allplan Bridge, Openroads Bentley, and Synchro. The result is that the alternative bridge design is declared feasible because there are no conflicts in the superposition analysis with the BIM software approach, interviews with experts and BINA MARGA criteria. After the application of the BIM Software, the results shows there is an increase of for the volume of concrete material, volume of reinforcement weight, and the cost, this is caused by a more accurate design for the model.
Documentary Cinema, Plastic Waste Problem, and Environmental Sustainability: the Case of Pulau Plastik
Authors: Merdhi A , Imanjaya E
Published: March 2022

Cinema, particularly documentary, can be a powerful vehicle for raising awareness of environmental sustainability. In the paper, the documentary film Pulau Plastik (Dandhy Laksono and Rahung Nasution 2021) is the subject of analysis. The film has its premiere at the end of April 2021 in the cinema theatre in Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Surabaya and Denpasar and shows the plastic waste and its environmental damage. The documentary uses mise-en-scéne in its plot to evoke certain experience and emotion of the audience which we will examine its role and its psychological impact with the texts of the French philosopher Maurice Marleau-Ponty in the Philosophy of Embodiment, American experimental psychologist James Gibsons in Ecological Perception and American philosopher Sue Cataldi in Feelings, Depth and Flesh. The directors also use Cinéma Vérité Approach to strengthen the effect towards audience.
The use of CFD as the design tool for designing a gravitational water vortex turbine
Authors: Nazarudin Nur Nazartul Ainna , Tokit Ernie Mat , Rosli Mohd Afzanizam Mohd , Sa’at Fatimah Al Zahrah Mohd , Herawan Safarudin Gazali , Syahputra Said Ibnu Abi
Published: March 2022

Finite Element Analysis is commonly used for product designer to visualize the structural analysis of a product. Not much works done by these designers using Computational Fluid Dynamic, CFD due to the complexity of the application. In this study, the dynamic of the water flow within the turbine had been predicted as the preliminary design steps. Several significant parameters had been reviewed and tested using CFD tool to give better insight of the important components of the turbine on its performance, in terms of the velocity, the pressure and the vorticity of the water. Three different velocities were used which was 5 m/s, 9.9 m/s and 13 m/s. The maximum outlet velocity that can be produced at various inlet velocity were predicted to be 17.09 m/s, 33.79 m/s, and 44.37 m/s. The pressure gradients were 159 kPa, 618 kPa, and 107 kPa. Meanwhile, the vorticities were 48.28 m/s, 91.66 m/s, and 120.5 m/s. Furthermore, the vorticity distribution was observed through the simulated work.
Influencing sustainable consumer behavior on electricity consumption - Insights from an environmental documentary
Authors: Rosidah R
Published: March 2022

Consumption of products that are produced by a massive exploration of natural resources should be extensively communicated. A story delivered in a documentary movie can be adopted to deliver compelling messages to the audience. This study aims to explore the insights embedded in an environmental documentary to provide input and suggestions for promotional messages. In addition, it is also to provide a framework to foster people’s sustainable behavior on electricity consumption. The methodology has applied a qualitative approach by conducting a thematic analysis. The data was drawn from a story of an environmental documentary that showed mining activities to produce electricity. It revealed some insights that can be adopted as messages for promoting consumption reduction on electricity.
Waterproofing using nano technology as an alternative solution
Authors: Wangidjaja W
Published: March 2022

After construction phase is done, often we found leakage problems, not only at wall, floor and others area, so we need another solution to repair the leakage. The aim of using Nano Technology as waterproofing material is to make the job easier but still we could get the good result. The study was conducted by collecting data according to the calculation on the field by noting the benefit and difference time, and the results of work per day. The study was conducted at the residential house project in Jakarta Pusat.
Functional properties of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis: a review
Authors: Tedjakusuma F , Lo D
Published: March 2022

Binahong is a plant native to Southern America and has been globally distributed through Australia, Africa, USA, New Zealand, and Asia. In Indonesia, it is commonly used as traditional medicine. This paper provides a review addressing functional properties of binahong. Based on the literature studies that have been carried out on several scientific journals, binahong possess functional properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-obesity, and antidiabetic. Phytochemical screening results from binahong showed alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoid, steroid, phenolic acid, glycoside, tannin, and saponin content.
Bioactive compounds in foxtail millet (Setaria italica)-extraction, biochemical activity, and health functional: A Review
Authors: John Calvien Hutabarat Donald , Aditya Bowie Valerie
Published: March 2022

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is one of the important millets in south-east Asia yet it is less exploited. Foxtail millet contains bioactive compounds as phenolics, bioactive peptides, carotenoids, and tocols that has health physiological function. This review presents information on the extraction technique, biochemical activities, health-functional properties of foxtail millet. The extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds is influenced by the method and solvent. Fermentation of foxtail millet which produces bioactive peptides can also increase the antioxidant content. Phenolics in foxtail millet are most bioavailable in gastrointestinal digestion and protein hydrolysate had the highest antioxidant activity in hydrophobic form. Bioactive compounds were also displayed many health benefits and biological activities, including anti-proliferative, hyperglycaemia, and hypertensive prevention.
Montmorillonite-based heterogeneous catalysts for efficient organic reactions
Authors: Takabatake Moe , Motokura Ken
Published: March 2022

In this review, we give a brief overview of recently developed montmorillonite-based heterogeneous catalysts used for efficient organic reactions. Cation-exchanged montmorillonite catalysts, metal catalysts supported on montmorillonite, and an interlayer design used for selective catalysis are introduced and discussed. In traditional syntheses, homogeneous acids and metal salts were used as catalysts, but the difficulty in separation of catalysts from products was a bottleneck when considering industrialization. The use of solid heterogeneous catalysts is one of the major solutions to overcome this problem. Montmorillonite can be used as a heterogeneous catalyst and/or catalyst support. This clay material exhibits strong acidity and a stabilizing effect on active species, such as metal nanoparticles, due to its unique layered structure. These advantages have led to the development of montmorillonite-based heterogeneous catalysts. Acidic montmorillonite, such as proton-exchanged montmorillonite, exhibits a high catalytic activity for the activation of electrophiles, such as alcohols, alkenes, and even alkanes. The montmorillonite interlayer/surface also functions as a good support for various metal species used for oxidation and carbon-carbon bond forming reactions. The use of an interlayer structure enables selective reactions and the stabilization of catalytically active species.
Low-loss high-impedance circuit for quantum transduction between optical and microwave photons
Authors: Tsuchimoto Yuta , Kroner Martin
Published: March 2022

Quantum transducers between microwave and optical photons are essential for long-distance quantum networks based on superconducting qubits. An optically active self-assembled quantum dot molecule (QDM) is an attractive platform for the implementation of a quantum transducer because an exciton in a QDM can be efficiently coupled to both optical and microwave fields at the single-photon level. Recently, the transduction between microwave and optical photons has been demonstrated with a QDM integrated with a superconducting resonator. In this paper, we present a design of a QD-high impedance resonator device with a low microwave loss and an expected large single-microwave photon coupling strength of 100s of MHz. We integrate self-assembled QDs onto a high-impedance superconducting resonator using a transfer printing technique and demonstrate a low-microwave loss rate of 1.8 MHz and gate tunability of the QDs. The corresponding microwave photon decay time of 88 ns is longer than the time necessary for the optical-microwave transduction process as well as the transmon-resonator swap operation time. This feature will facilitate efficient quantum transduction between an optical and microwave qubit.
Searchlight asymptotics for high-frequency scattering by boundary inflection
Authors: Smyshlyaev V. , Kamotski I.
Published: March 2022

The paper is devoted to an inner problem for a whispering gallery high-frequency asymptotic mode’s scattering by a boundary inflection. The related boundary-value problem for a Schrödinger equation on a half-line with a potential linear in both space and time turns out to be fundamental for describing transitions from modal to scattered asymptotic patterns, and despite having been intensively studied over several decades remains largely unsolved. The solution past the inflection point is shown to have a “searchlight” asymptotics corresponding to a beam concentrated near the limit ray. Certain decay and smoothness properties of the related searchlight amplitude are established. Further interpretations of the above result are also discussed: the existence of the associated generalized wave operator, and of a version of a unitary scattering operator connecting the modal and scattered asymptotic regimes.
Distinct Gene Mutations Are Associated With Clinicopathologic Features in Urachal Carcinoma
Authors: Zaleski Michael P , Chen Hui , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita , Patel Keyur P , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Routbort Mark J , Kamat Ashish M , Gao Jianjun , Siefker-Radtke Arlene , Czerniak Bogdan , Guo Charles C
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To investigate the gene mutational profile of urachal carcinoma in correlation with its clinicopathologic features.

Methods

We analyzed genetic mutations in 30 cases of urachal carcinoma by next-generation sequencing (NGS) test. Histologic slides and clinical data were reviewed.

Results

The patients included 21 men and 9 women, with a mean age of 53 years (range, 24-75 years). The urachal carcinomas included mucinous (11), enteric (10), signet ring cell (8), and high-grade neuroendocrine (1) subtypes. Targeted NGS analysis demonstrated genetic mutations in all the urachal tumors (mean, 2; range, 1-4). TP53 was the most mutated gene (25), followed by KRAS (9) and GNAS (8) genes. TP53 mutations were more common in the signet ring cell subtype (7/8), and GNAS mutations were present only in the mucinous (5/11) and signet ring cell subtypes (3/8) but not in the enteric subtype (0/10). KRAS mutations were significantly associated with cancer stage IV (P = .02) and younger patient age (P = .046). Furthermore, the presence of KRAS mutations in urachal carcinoma portended a poorer overall survival (P = .006).

Conclusions

Urachal carcinoma demonstrates frequent gene mutations that are associated with distinct clinicopathologic features. Gene mutation may underlie the development and progression of this aggressive disease.
scGate: marker-based purification of cell types from heterogeneous single-cell RNA-seq datasets
Authors: Andreatta Massimo , Berenstein Ariel J , Carmona Santiago J
Published: March 2022

A common bioinformatics task in single-cell data analysis is to purify a cell type or cell population of interest from heterogeneous datasets. Here, we present scGate, an algorithm that automatizes marker-based purification of specific cell populations, without requiring training data or reference gene expression profiles. scGate purifies a cell population of interest using a set of markers organized in a hierarchical structure, akin to gating strategies employed in flow cytometry. scGate outperforms state-of-the-art single-cell classifiers and it can be applied to multiple modalities of single-cell data (e.g. RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, CITE-seq). scGate is implemented as an R package and integrated with the Seurat framework, providing an intuitive tool to isolate cell populations of interest from heterogeneous single-cell datasets.

Availability and implementation

scGate is available as an R package at https://github.com/carmonalab/scGate (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6202614). Several reproducible workflows describing the main functions and usage of the package on different single-cell modalities, as well as the code to reproduce the benchmark, can be found at https://github.com/carmonalab/scGate.demo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6202585) and https://github.com/carmonalab/scGate.benchmark. Test data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16826071.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Deletion of NFIX results in defective progression through meiosis within the mouse testis
Authors: Davila Raul Ayala , Spiller Cassy , Harkins Danyon , Harvey Tracey , Jordan Philip W , Gronostajski Richard M , Piper Michael , Bowles Josephine
Published: March 2022

Members of the nuclear factor I (NFI) family are key regulators of stem cell biology during development, with well-documented roles for NFIA, NFIB, and NFIX in a variety of developing tissues, including brain, muscle, and lung. Given the central role these factors play in stem cell biology, we posited that they may be pivotal for spermatogonial stem cells or further developing spermatogonia during testicular development. Surprisingly, in stark contrast to other developing organ systems where NFI members are co-expressed, these NFI family members show discrete patterns of expression within the seminiferous tubules. Sertoli cells (spermatogenic supporting cells) express NFIA, spermatocytes express NFIX, round spermatids express NFIB, and peritubular myoid cells express each of these three family members. Further analysis of NFIX expression during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium revealed expression not in spermatogonia, as we anticipated, but in spermatocytes. These data suggested a potential role for NFIX in spermatogenesis. To investigate, we analyzed mice with constitutive deletion of Nfix (Nfix-null). Assessment of germ cells in the postnatal day 20 (P20) testes of Nfix-null mice revealed that spermatocytes initiate meiosis, but zygotene stage spermatocytes display structural defects in the synaptonemal complex, and increased instances of unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks. Many developing spermatocytes in the Nfix-null testis exhibited multinucleation. As a result of these defects, spermatogenesis is blocked at early diplotene and very few round spermatids are produced. Collectively, these novel data establish the global requirement for NFIX in correct meiotic progression during the first wave of spermatogenesis.