bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on Properties of Tetra‐p‐nitro‐tetra‐O‐alkylcalix[4]arenes
Authors: Lu Guo‐Yuan , Song Wei , Liu Min‐Hua , Liu Fang , Jin Chuan‐Min
Published: September 2010

Ibis paper reports the properties of the novel tetra‐p‐nitro‐tetra‐O‐alkyl‐calix[4]arenes (alkyl= n‐C4H9, 1; n‐C8H17 2; n‐C12H25, 3; n‐C16H33, 4). X‐ray crystallographic analysis and 1H NMR revealed that they exist as pinched‐cone conformation in crystal or cone conformation in solution. EFISH experiments at 1064 nm in CHCl3, indicated that tetra‐p‐nitro‐tetra‐O‐butyl‐calix[4]arene (1) has higher hyperpolarizability β, values than the corresponding reference compound p‐nitro‐phenyl butyl ether, without red shift of the charge transfer band. Compounds 2, 3 and 4 with longer alkyl chains can form monolayer at the air/water.
A New Two‐dimensional Cyano‐bridged Chromium (HI)‐Nickel (II) Bimetallic Assembly with Stair‐like Layers
Authors: Shen Xiao‐Ping , Yuan Ai‐Hua , Wu Qiang‐Jin , Huang Zi‐Xiang , Xu Zheng , Yu Yun‐Peng
Published: September 2010

From the reaction of K3[Cr(CN)6] and [NiL](CIO4)2 (L= 1,8‐di(hydroxyethyl)‐l, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13‐hexaazacyclotetradecane), an infinite stair‐like layered assembly [NiL]3 [Cr‐(CN)6]2‐6.5H2O is obtained, in which each hexacyanochromate(III) ion connects three nickel(II) ions using three cis Of groups and the bridging cyanide ligands coordinate to the nickel ion in a trans fashion forming trans‐NiL(N°C)2 moieties.
Samarium Diiodide Mediated Coupling of Aroyl Chlorides
Authors: U Zhi‐Farig , Zhang Yong‐Min
Published: September 2010

α, α'‐Stilbenediol dibenzoate compounds were synthesized in moderate to good yields through the coupling of aroyl chloride promoted by samarium diiodide under mild conditions.
Synthesis and Electronic Structures and Linear Optics of Solid State Compound SrB2O4
Authors: Zhang Hao , Cheng Wen‐Dan , Zheng Fa‐Kun , Chen Jiu‐Tong
Published: September 2010

The cluster (SrB2O4)2 existing in crystalline states is employed to model the electronic structure and linear optical properties of solid state compound SrB2O4. This compound is synthesized by high temperature solution reaction, and it crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn with cell dimensions a = 1.1995(3), b = 0.4337(1), c = 0.6575(1) nm, V = 0.34202 nm3, and Z = 4, μ = 15.14 cm−1, Dcaled = 3.36 g/cm3. The dynamic refractive indices are obtained in terms of INDO/SCI following combination with the Sum‐Over‐States method. A width of the calculated gap is 4.424 eV between the valence band and conduction band, and the calculated average refractive index is 1.980 at a wavelength of 1.065 μm. The charge transfers from O2‐ anion orbitals to Sr2+cation orbitals make the significant contributions to linear polarizability in terms of analyses of atomic state density contributing to the valence and conduction bands.
A General Theoretical Model of Enthalpy‐Entropy Compensation
Authors: Liu Lei , Guo Qing‐Xiang
Published: September 2010

Enthalpy‐entropy compensation remains a mystery in chemistry and biophysics. Recent study suggested that the solvent reorganization might constitute the physical origin of the compensation, which was unfortunately not widely applicable because compensation was also observed in solid phase reactions. In this study, a general theoretical model based upon strict mathematical deduction was presented, which indicated that the redistribution of the distinguishable subspecies might be the physical origin of the enthalpy‐entropy compensation in complex systems. As examples, the enthalpy‐entropy compensations in solvation and surface adsorption were discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ethylenediammonium Molybdenum Thiocomplex [H3NCH2CH2NH3][Mo3S13]
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Jie‐Sheng , Yuan Hong‐Ming , Shi Zhan , Yu Shao‐Fang , Chen Wei
Published: September 2010

An organo‐spaced molybdenum thiocomplex [ H3NCH2CH2‐NH3][Mo3S13] has been synthesized under hydrothermal condition and the structure of the compound was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 1.81157 (18), b = 1.04549(9), c = 2.04892(19) nm, β= 107.184 (2)°, Z = 8 and V = 3.7074(6) nm3. The inorganic part of the compound consists of a Mo3 triangle capped by an apical μ3‐sulfur atom, with each Mo atom being also coordinated to one terminal disulfur ligand and two bridging disulfur ligands. The negative charges on the inorganic cluster are balanced by the diprotonated ethylenediamine cations [ H3NCH2CH2‐NH3]2+ located in the space between the clusters.
Effect of Solvent and Acid‐Base on Palladium (II)‐catalyzed Dicarbonylation of Terminal Acetylenes: a General, Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of Maleic Diesters and Maleic Anhydrides
Authors: Li Jin‐Hang , Jiang Huan‐Feng , Chen Ming‐Cai
Published: September 2010

The productions of maleic diesters and maleic anhydrides depend on the effect of solvent and acid‐base in palladium‐catalyzed dicarbonylation of terminal acetylenes. For primary and secondary alcohol in benzene, only maleic diesters were obtained stereospecifically from the dicarbonylation of acetylenes in the presence of PdCl2, CuCl2, and NaHCO3. For tertiary alcohols, maleic anhydrides were synthesized selectively.
A Novel Lanostanoid Lactone From the Alga Hypnea cerricornis
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Hua , Chen Xiao , Lu Jian‐Hua , Yao Guang‐Min , Li Yan‐Ming , Zeng Long‐Mei
Published: September 2010

A novel lanostanoid lactone (1) was first isolated from the Alga Hypnea cerricornis collected from the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. The structure of 1 was determined on spectral evidence as 5α‐lansta‐8‐en‐3β, 22°‐dihydroxy‐22 (R), 24 (S)‐lactone.
Studies on the Novel Calix [4] pyrrole and Its High Selectivity for p‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Su Xun‐Cheng , Zhu Shou‐Rong , Lin Hua‐Kuan , Chen Yun‐Ti
Published: September 2010

Synthesis of novel neutral molecule receptor calix [4] pyrrole (2) from pyrrole and tropinone has been described and its ability of binding neutral molecules was tested. Spectroscopic titrations indicate that receptor 2 shows the highest selectivity for p‐nitrophenol among m,o,p‐nitrophenols due to the coincidence between the host's binding sites and the guest's geometry.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Pyridone Derivatives
Authors: Tu Shu‐Jiang , Deng Xu , Shi Da‐Qing , Gao Yuan , Feng Jun‐Cal
Published: September 2010

A series of pyridone derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and ammonium acetate under microwave irradiation in the absence of solvent. The reactions were completed within 3‐5 min to give the desired products in 72.4‐86.2% yields.
Promotion Effects of Nickel Catalysts of Dry Reforming with Methane
Authors: Yan Zi‐Feng , Ding Rong‐Gang , Liu Xin‐Mei , Song Lin‐Hua
Published: September 2010

The promotion effects of nickel catalyst of dry reforming with methane were extensively investigated by means of XRD, SEM, EDX, N2‐adsorption and H2‐adsorption. XRD characterization indicated that good dispersion of nickel oxide and MgO promoter is achieved over γ‐Al2O3 support. Addition of MgO promoter effectively retards the formation of NiAl2O4 phase. SEM and EDX analysis exhibited that the addition of rare‐earth metal oxide CeO2 effectively promotes the Ni metal dispersion on the surface of the catalysts despite of undesirable self‐dispersion of CeO2 promoter. Furthermore, the nickel component is gradually dispersed on the surface of the support following the exposure to reaction gas mixture for a period of time. The addition of MgO inhibited the self‐dispersion and promotion effect of CeO2 on Ni dispersion on the catalysts. H2 chemisorption revealed that the addition of the alkaline oxide MgO promoter significantly prohibits the metal dispersion on the catalyst. Inappropriate promoter addition can result in sharp decrease of the metal dispersion, N2‐adsorption indicated that oxide promoter was mostly concentrated on the outer layer of the alumina support while the nickel metal was generally dispersed in the support pores. Addition of promoters contributed to more reduction in mesopore volume.
Synthesis, Relaxivity and MRI Enhancement of Linear Oligo‐Gd(III) Complexes with Poly (DTPA‐ester) Ligands Derived from Amino Acids
Authors: Yu Kri‐Chao , Wang Xin‐Bing , Ye Chao‐Hui , U U‐Yun , Liu Mai‐Li , Zhuo Ren‐Xi
Published: September 2010

Six linear oligo‐DTPA‐ester Gd(III) complexes being used for potential MRI contrast agents were synthesized from amino adds and characterized. Their longitudinal relaxation rates were measured. One of them, die phenylalanine derivative, with high relaxivity, was chosen for the acute toxicity and T1,‐weighted imaging test. The results indicated that there was no obvious toxicity for this new oligomeric Gd(III) complex, and it exhibits the highly enhanced MRI signal intensity and the increasing signal duration in the liver tissue compared to Gd‐DTPA.
Luminescent Property of a Supramolecular Silver(I)‐Thiolate Complex Based on Secondary Ag‐S Interactions and Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Su Wei‐Ping , Hong Mao‐Chun , Cao Rong , Weng Jia‐Bao , Zhou Zhong‐Yuan , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: September 2010

The supramolecular silver(I)‐thiolate complex [Ag(μ2‐SC4N2H4)2(SCN)]n has been prepared from the reaction of AgSCN and pyrimidine‐2‐thiol in DMF. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that the supramolecular structure exhibits one‐dimensional chain through the secondary Ag‐S interactions and the chains are further linked by strong hydrogen bonds to form a three dimensional network. The luminescence effect from the silver‐centered state of S→Ag LMCT in solid state is different from that in solution due to the secondary Ag‐S interactions.
Energy resonance and inverse population of the product vibrational states for the reaction F + H2(v = 0) → HF(v′) + H, LCAC‐SW theoretical quantum scattering study
Authors: Cai Zheng‐Ting , Kang Cong‐Min , Feng Da‐Cheng
Published: September 2010

LCAC‐SW (linear combination of arrangement channel‐scattering wavefunction) method was used to calculate collinear state‐to‐state reaction probabilities for the reaction F + H2(v = 0) → HF(v′) + H on the 6SEC potential energy surface. The results show that reaction probabilities P02 and P03 [i. e., v′ = 2,3 for reaction F + H2 (v = 0) + HF(v′) + H] are primary, the population of product vibrational states is inverse and the reaction probabilities are oscillatory with collision energies, i.e., there is energy resonance in this reaction, which agrees with a new experiment.
Thermochemical properties of RE (Gly)4 Im (ClO4) 3 2H2O (RE = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu)
Authors: He Shui‐Yang , Liu Xiang‐Rong , Song Di‐Sheng , Hu Rong‐Zu
Published: September 2010

The enthalpies of solution in water for five new light rare earth ternary complexes RE(Gly)4Im(ClO4)3 2H2O (RE = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu; Gly‐glycine; Im‐imidazole) were measured by means of a Calvet microcalorimeter. The empirical formula of enthalpy of solution (ΔsolH), relative apparent molar enthalpy (πLi), relative partial molar enthalpy (Li) and enthalpy of dilution (ΔdllH1,2) were drawn up by the data of enthalpies of solution of these complexes. From three plots of the values of standard enthalpy of solution Δsol Hϕ, πLi, Li) versus the values of ionic radius (r) of the light rare earth elements, the grouping effect of lanthanide was observed, showing that the coordination bond between rare earth ion and ligand possesses a certain extent of the property of a covalent bond. The standard enthalpies of solution in water of similar complexes, Ce(Gly)4Im(ClO4)3.2H2O were estimated according to the plot of ΔsolHϕ, versus r.
Evaluation of the sealed‐tube low‐temperature combustion method for the 13C/12C and 2H/1H ratio determinations of cellulose nitrate
Authors: Tao Fa‐Xiang , Aucour A.‐M. , Sheppard S. M. F. , Liu Cong‐Qiang , Leng Xue‐Tian , Wang Shi‐Lu , Liu Guang‐Shen , Xu Wen‐Bir
Published: September 2010

Traditionally‐suggested combustion time of 1 h at 550°C) with the sealed‐tube combustion method for determining the 13C/ 12C ratio of cellulose nitrate or other nitrogen‐containing components could produce large negative deviation up to 1°. Three types of cellulose are used to ascertain possible causes. The presence of nitrous oxide (N2O) formed during combustion is most likely responsible for this deviation. Prolongation of the combustion time (at least 5 h at 550°C) and intimate contact between copper oxide and organic matter can greatly improve the analysis precision and effectively reduce this deviation to an acceptable level. Regardless of scattered carbon isotope data, hydrogen isotope data are all reproducible within 2° when this method is coupled with the high temperature uranium reduction method. Thus, care should be taken for determining carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of nitrogen‐containing substances using the low temperature sealed‐tube combustion method.
Synthesis, characterization of diorganotin (IV) schiff base complexes and their in vitro antitumor activity
Authors: Yin Dong‐Dong , Jiang Yan‐Lan , Shan Lu
Published: September 2010

Six novel diorganotin(IV) complexes have been synthesized in good yields by the reaction of R2SnCl2 (R= methyl, phenyl) with the Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and substituted thiosemicarbazide. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and MS spectra. The structure of 2f was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The crystal of 2f is triclinic, space group P‐1 with a = 0.84996(12), b = 1.1204(2), c = 1.27597(12) nm, β = 81.908(9)°, V=1.0904(2) nm3, Z = 2, Dc= 1.551 g/cm3. The final discrepancy factors are R = 0.0211 and Rw = 0.0536 for 3710 independent reflections. Tests of antitumor activities in vitro showed that the obtained complexes had relative inhibition interaction to the KB, HCT‐8 and BEL‐7402 tumor cell lines.
Synthesis and characterization of tribenzyltin heteroaromatic carboxylates and crystal structure of tribenzyltin 4‐pyridinecarboxylate
Authors: Yin Han‐Dong , Wang Chuan‐Hua , Wang Yong , Zhu De‐Zhong , Ma Chun‐Lin
Published: September 2010

Reaction of tribenzyltin chloride with 2‐furan‐, 2‐(2‐furanyl)‐vinyl‐, 2‐(5‐t‐butyl) furan‐, 2‐thiophene‐, 2‐pyridine‐, 3‐pyridine‐, 4‐pyridine‐, 3(1H)‐indole‐, 3(1H)‐indolylmethyl‐or 3‐[3(1H)‐indolyl]propyl‐carboxylate in 1:1 stoichiometry yielded tribenzyltin heteroaromatic carboxylate (PhCH2)3‐SnO2CR. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ′H NMR and MS. The crystal structure of tribenzyltin 4‐pyridinecarboxylate was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the crystal of tribenzyltin 4‐pyridinecarboxylate, the tin atoms are five‐coordinated in a trigonal bipyramidal structure with a linear polymer containing Sn–‐O bond with length of 0. 2142(2) nm and Sn–‐N bond with length of 0.2563(4) nm.
Molecular thermodynamic model for associated polymers
Authors: Peng Chang‐Jun , Liu Hong‐Lai , Hu Ying
Published: September 2010

A molecular thermodynamic model for homopolymer and copolymer systems with association segments was established by adopting the molecular thermodynamic model for hardsphere‐chain fluid as a reference, a perturbation term contributed by the square‐well potential and a contribution of association terms. The latter considers the multi‐associated‐segments in a chain‐like molecule based on the shield‐sticky model of chemical association. The model can be used to correlate the pVT of melten homopolymer and copolymer. Good agreements with experimental data have been obtained.
Representation of molecular electrostatic potentials of biopolymer by self‐organizing feature map
Authors: Qiao Xue‐Bin , Jiang Bo , Hou Ting‐Jun , Xu Xiao‐Jie
Published: September 2010

The Kohonen self‐organizing map was introduced to map the protein molecular surface features. The protein or polypeptide properties, such as shape and molecular electrostatic potential, can be visualized by self‐organizing map, which was trained by the 3D surface coordinates. Such maps allow the visual comparison of molecular properties between proteins having common topological or chemical features.
A phase separation fluoroimmunoassay of estradiol
Authors: Wang Yong‐Cheng , Zhao Jin‐Fu , Li Yuan‐Zong , Chang Wen‐Bao , Guo Zben‐Quan
Published: September 2010

A competitive indirect fluoroimmunoassay of free estradiol (E2) was established based on the thermal sensitivity of hydrogel–‐poly‐N‐isopropylacrylamide. Free estradiol was covalently bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form complete antigen (E2‐BSA), which was in turn labeled by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FTTC) as the fluorescence probe. The anti‐ E2 monoclonal antibody (McAb) was prepared by an in vivo method, and coupled with N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) to make an immune copolymer, poly‐N‐isopropylacylamidemonoclonal antibody (pNIPA‐McAb), for the determination of free E2. The immunoassay method was based on the competitive binding of free E2 and fluoresceinated antigen (E2‐BSA‐FTTC) with limited amount of pNIPA‐McAb. When the immunological reaction was over, precipitation and centrifugal procedures were carried out to separate pNIPA‐McAb‐E2‐BSA‐FTTC from other constituents in solution. The precipitate pNIPA‐McAb‐E2‐BSA‐FTTC was dissolved in solution and then the fluorescence intensity was measured. The calibration curve covered a range of 78–500 ng/mL for free E2. The recoveries were 91.2–107.2%.
Synthesis and biological activity of l‐aminoindan‐l,3‐dicarboxylic acid, a benzo‐analogue of (1S, 3R)‐ACPD
Authors: Ding Ke , Zhang Xin‐Rong , Ma Da‐Wei , Wang Bao‐Min
Published: September 2010

Amino acids 1 and 2 were designed and synthesized as the conformationally constrained analogues of (1S, 3R)‐ or (1S, 3S)‐ACPDs, and the selective agonists of mGluRs. The synthesis started from (R)‐phenylglycine using Seebach′s stereocenter self‐regeneration method and intramolecular acylation as key steps. No activity was found when 1 and 2 were tested as either mGluR agonist or antagonist.
Synthesis of (‐)‐herbertenediol and (aR, aS)‐mastigophorenes A via asymmetric intramolecular heck coupling reaction
Authors: Zhang Ai‐Min , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: September 2010

Total enantioselective synthesis of the natural (‐)‐Herbertenediol (1) was accomplished in eleven steps with an overall yield of 15% starting from the 2‐methoxy‐4‐methyl‐phenol. The total synthesis features asymmetric intramolecular Heck reaction and Wolff‐Kishner‐Huang reduction. (aR, aS)‐Mastigophorenes A was also synthesized through the oxidative coupling reaction.
A practical approach to the synthesis of insect antifeedant tonghaosu analogs
Authors: Fan Jun‐Fa , Zhang Yu‐Feng , Wu Yu‐Lin , Wu Yi‐Kang
Published: September 2010

Tonghaosu and its analogs are a class of structurally interesting spiroketal enol‐ether compounds. A practical route to furandiol, a key intermediate for their syntheses, was developed. Using Friedel‐Crafts benzoylation of 3‐(2‐fury I) propyl acetate, a diarylketone was obtained in high yield, which was further transformed into corresponding furandiol by reduction with NaBH4 in basic medium with simultaneous ester hydrolysis. The furandiol was then cyclized into the desired spiroketal enol‐ether compound in the presence of CuSO4 5H2O.
Synthesis of 4‐fluoroalkyl‐2H‐pyrido [1, 2‐a] pyrimidin‐2‐ones from 2, 2‐dihydropolyfluoroalkanoic acids
Authors: Lu He‐Jun , Liu Jin‐Tao
Published: September 2010

In the presence of N, N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 2‐aminopyridine and its derivatives (2) condensed with 2, 2‐di‐hydropolyfluoroalkanoic adds (1) to give the corresponding amides. Subsequent intramolecular Micheal addition‐elimination reactions of the fluorine‐containing amides under basic conditions gave 4‐fluoroalkyl‐2H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐2‐ones (3) in good yields.
Reaction of HCFC‐133a (CF3CH2C1) or HFC‐134a (CF3CH2F) with alcohols or phenols in DMSO in the presence of KOH
Authors: Wu Kai , Chen Qing‐Yun
Published: September 2010

In an open glassware, heating a gas HCFC‐133a (CF3CH2C1) or HFC‐134a (CF3CH2F), KOH and a phenol (or an alcohol) in DMSO at 80°C gave ethers ROCF2CH2X and (E/Z)‐ROCF = CHX (X = Cl, F) in moderate yields.
Effect of Different Salts on the Solubilities of Benzene and Diphenyl in t‐Butyl Alcohol‐Water Mixture and Hydrophobic Interaction
Authors: Zou Li‐Zhuang , Wang Xiao‐Ling , Zhu Shu‐Quan , Han Bu‐Xing , Liu Rui‐Lin , Yna Hai‐Ke
Published: September 2010

The solubilities of benzene and diphenyl in mixed solvents of t‐butyl alcohol (TBA) and water with different salts have been determined at T = 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. The molar fraction of TBA [x(TBA)] in mixed solvent is 0.045, and the molality of the salts (m2) in mixed solvents are 0.000, 0.250, 0.500, 0.750 and 1.000 mol/kg, respectively. The standard Gibbs energies of solution of benzene and diphenyl in the mixed solvents have also been calculated based on the solubility data. The effects of different salts on the hydrophobic interaction (HI) for benzene‐benzene pair in the systems were discussed.
Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles via a Ti(IV) Complex with Stearic Acid and the Photocatalytic Activity for Organic Oxidation
Authors: Xu Yi‐Ming , Yu Xiao‐Han , Liu Hni‐Jun
Published: September 2010

The nano‐sized particles of TiO2 were prepared by thermal decomposition of titanium(IV) tetrabutanoxide complex with stearic acid at 450 °C in the air. It was observed that the amount of stearic acid, used initially for the complex synthesis in 2‐propano) at 25 °C, had great influence on the physical properties of the prepared TiO2 including crystal structure, the particle size, surface area and the adsorption capacity for organic substrate of a textile dye X3B in water, and thereafter the photocatalytic activity for the dye oxidation. Some samples displayed lower adsorption capacity for the organic substrate in water than a TiO2 of Degussa p25, but higher photocatalytic activity for the organic oxidation. Possible reason for the observed difference was discussed in the text.
Thermokinetics of the Formation Reaction of Zinc Histidine Complex
Authors: Gao Sheng‐Li , Chen San‐Ping , Hu Rong‐Zu , Shi Qi‐Zhen
Published: September 2010

The enthalpy change of reaction of zinc chloride with L‐α‐histidine in the temperature range of 25‐50 °C has been determined by a microcalorimeter. On the basis of experimental and calculated results, three thermodynamics parameters (the activation enthalpy, the activation entropy, the activation free energy), the rate constant and three kinetic parameters (the activation energy, the pre‐exponential constant and the reaction order) of the reaction, and the standard enthalpy of formation of Zn(His)2+ (aq.) are obtained. The results showed that the title reaction easily took place at the studied temperature.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Novel Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Compound {[Cu (2, 2′‐bpy)2]2‐Mo8O26}
Authors: Wang Yong‐Hui , Li‐Dong Chen, , Hu Chang‐Wen , En‐Bo Wang, , Jia Heng‐Qing , Hu Ning‐Hai
Published: September 2010

A novel organic‐inorganic hybrid compound {[Cu(2, 2′‐bpy)2]2Mo8O26 } has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group, Pna21 with a = 2.4164(5), b = 1.8281(4), c= 1.1877(2) nm, V = 5.247(2) nm3, Z = 4, and final R1, =0.0331, wR2, = 0.0727. The structure consists of discrete { [ Cu (2, 2′‐bpy)2]2Mo8O26} dusters, constructed from a β‐octamolybdate subunit [Mo8O26]4‐ covalently bonded to two [Cu(2, 2′‐bpy)2]2+ coordination complex cations via bridging oxo groups. In addition, the spectroscopic properties and thermal behavior of this compound have been investigated by spectroscopic techniques (UV‐vis, IR, Raman and EPR spectra) and TG analysis.
Structural and Spectroscopic Studies on [Cu(DACH)2(H2O)]‐Cl2 (DACH = 1,4‐Diazacycloheptane)
Authors: Guo Ya‐Mei , Du Miao , Bu Xian‐He
Published: September 2010

A penta‐coordinated Cu(II) complex with 1,4‐diazacydoheptane(DACH), [Cu(DACH)2(H2O)]Cl2(1), has been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, IR spectra, elemental analyses, thermal analyses, UV‐Vis and ESR techniques. Complex 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic crystal system, Pbcn space group with a = 1.6075(4), b = 1.0539(3), c = 0.9195(3) nm, V=l.5578(7) nm3, Mr = 352.79, Z = 4, Dc= 1.487 g/cm3, final R = 0.0451 and wR = 0.1294. The structure of 1 indicates that the central Cu(II) atom is penta‐coordinated by four nitrogen atoms of two DACH moieties at the equatorial positions and a water molecule at the axis position. The coordination geometry of Cu(II) could be considered as an approximately ideal square‐pyramidal environment. Both DACH rings arrange in cis‐form and are predominantly in the boat‐boat conformation (80%) with some disorder to the chair‐chair conformation (20%). The Cl− anions are hydrogen bonded with the nitrogen donors of the DACH rings and the oxygen donor of the coordinated H2O molecule to form a one‐dimensional zigzag linear structure. The solution behaviors of 1 are also discussed in detail by Uv‐vis and ESR technique.
[Co(H2O)(HPO4)]·H2O: The Layered Divalent Metal Mono‐hydrogenphosphate Structure
Authors: Shan Yong‐Kui , Dai Li‐Yi , Yu Shu‐Yuan , Ye Sheng‐Rong , He Ming‐Yuan
Published: September 2010

A new layered divalent metal monohydrogenphosphate [Co(H2O) (HPO4)] · H2O (1) was hydrothermally synthesized from the reaction of CoCl2·6H2O with H3PO4 in the presence of cis‐Pt(NH3)2Cl2 and ethylenediamine. The structure features extensive intra‐ and inter‐layer hydrogen bonding among the hydrogenphosphate anion, the coordinated water and the crystallization water. X‐ray crystallographic parameters for 1 are orthorhombic Pnma (#62), a = 1.7528(2), b=0.56158(7), c = 0.47867(6) nm, V = 0.47116(9) nm3, Z=4.
Boron Separation by the Two‐step Ion‐Exchange for the Isotopic Measurement of Boron
Authors: Wang Qing‐Zhong , Xiao Ying‐Kai , Wang Yun‐Hui , Zhang Chong‐Geng , Wei Hai‐Zhen
Published: September 2010

An improved procedure for extraction and purification of boron from natural samples is presented. The separation and purification of boron was carried out using a boron‐specific resin, Amberlite IRA743, and a mixed ion exchange resin, Dowex 50W × 8 and Ion Exchanger II resin. Using the mixed ion exchange resin which adsorbs all cations and anions except boron, the HCl and other cations and anions left in eluant from the Amberlite IRA 743 were removed effectively. In this case, boron loss can be avoided because the boron‐bearing solution does not have to be evaporated to reach dryness to dislodge HCl. The boron recovery ranged from 97.6% to 102% in this study. The isotopic fractionation of boron can be negligible within the precision of the isotopic measurement. The results show that boron separation for the isotopic measurement by using both Amberlite IRA 743 resin and the mixed resin is more effective than that using Amberlite IRA 743 resin alone. The boron in samples of brine, seawater, rock, coral and foraminifer were separated by this procedure. Boron isotopic compositions of these samples were measured by thermal ionization mass spectrometry in this study.
Derivatization Reaction of Carbohydrates with Urea as the Reagent and Fluorimetric Determination of Carbohydrates
Authors: Yang Jing‐He , Cao Xi‐Hui , Wang Min , Wu Xia , Sun Chang‐Xia
Published: September 2010

It is found that in the presence of sulfuric add carbohydrates condense with urea to afford the condensation products, which emit fluorescence. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensities of system are proportional to the concentrations of carbohydrates. Based on this linear relationship, quantitative determination of kinds of carbohydrates has been made. Among all the carbohydrates tested, the sensitivity of α‐rhamnose is the highest and its limits of detection reaches 3.5 × 10−8 mol/L. So α‐rhamnose can be selectively determined in the presence of other carbohydrates. A interaction mechanism is also discussed.
Spectroscopic and Spectroelectrochemical Studies of Interaction of Nile Blue with DNA
Authors: Zhao Guang‐Chao , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Wang Xue‐Mei , Lu Zu‐Hong
Published: September 2010

Nile Blue can strongly bind to DNA and its affinity for DNA has been investigated by spectroscopy and spectroelectrochemistry. At low DNA concentrations, Nile Blue can bind to DNA(per nucleotide phosphate) to form a 1:1 association complex with the binding constant of 4.7 × 104 L/mol and the major binding model of Nile Blue to DNA is “electrostatic binding”. However, the major binding model changes into “intercalative binding” at high DNA concentrations. In order to confirm which part of Nile Blue intercalating into DNA, the inclusion action of β‐cydodextrin (β‐CD) has been used to study the interaction. Nile Blue can be included into the hydrophobic cavity of β‐CD to form an inclusion complex with a stability constant of 1.9 × 103 L/mol. The experimental results indicate that the naphthalene ring part of Nile Blue is included into β‐CD's hydrophobic cavity and the inclusion complex decomposes at high DNA concentrations. It may be deduced reasonably that the naphthalene ring part of Nile Blue molecule intercalates into DNA helix Strand.
Determination of Methanol Increment in Mobile Phase Consisting of Methanol and Water by On‐line UV Spectrometry in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Geng Xin‐Du , Regnier Fred E.
Published: September 2010

An on‐line UV spectrometric method for the quantitative determination of methanol increment of methanol‐water in the mobile phase (i.e., of greater concentration than that of the mobile phase) by frontal analysis (FA) of insulin in reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) was presented. When the methanol increment concentration ranged from 0.05% to 0.50%, V(CH3OH)/V(H2O), a set of elution curves could be obtained at 198 nm by a diode‐array detector in the presence of 47% methanol, V(CH3OH)/V(H2O) containing 0.03% hydrochloric add, V(CH3OH‐H2O)/V(HCl) in the mobile phase. The plateau height of the elution curves of the methanol increment was found to be proportional to the methanol increment in the mobile phase. The methanol increment could be determined on a quantitative basis. When the method was used to investigate the elution curve of insulin by FA in RPLC, a small plateau, being the methanol increment, was detected before the usual insulin plateau of each elution curve. In this case the methanol increment was found to vary with insulin concentration in the mobile phase. When that concentration was between 0.025 mg/mL and 0.30 mg/mL, the methanol increment could be determined in the range from 0.03% to 0.19% with a deviation of ± 0.02% and a relative deviation of ± 10%. A nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR) was also employed to confirm the obtained result. A methodology with a very rigorous experimental procedure for obtaining results of such accuracy is also included. The presented result may be used to prove that a displacement process definitely occurs as insulin is adsorbed by the RPLC stationary phase inFA.
Synthesis of a New Class of Chiral β‐Mercaptoalcohols from Amino Acids
Authors: Ge Jian‐Feng , Shen Zong‐Xuan , Zhang Li‐Fen , Zhang Ya‐Wen
Published: September 2010

The syntheses of three new optically active β‐mercaptoalcohols, (R)‐1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐mercapto‐3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, (R)‐1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐mercapto‐4‐methyl‐1‐pentanol, and (R)‐1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐mercapto‐l‐benzenepropanol from the corresponding amino adds are described. The enantiomeric excesses of these β‐mercaptoalcohols were determined by 1H NMR as their (S)‐mandeloyl derivatives.
Synthesis of Chiral 2,5‐Bis(oxazolinyl)thiophenes and Their Application as Chiral Shift Reagents for 1,1′‐Bi‐2‐naphthol
Authors: Gao Ming‐Zhang , Wang Bo , Liu Han‐Biao , Xu Zun‐Le
Published: September 2010

A series of C2‐symmetrical chiral 2,5‐bis(4′‐alkyloxazolin‐2‐yl) thiophenes (thiobox) have been synthesized from thiophene‐2, 5‐dicarboxylic acid by sequential amidation with a chiral ethanolamine, conversion of hydroxyl to chloro group, and base‐promoted oxazoline ring formation. As demonstrated by ( ‐ )‐2, 5‐Ws[4′‐( S)‐isopropyloxazolin‐2′‐yl] thiophene, these thiobox systems exhibited remarkable chirality recognition of 1, 1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol giving rise to pronounced shifts in the lH NMR signals of the latter axial chiral compound at the positions of C‐3, C‐4, C‐5, and C‐8.
Selective Transport of Alkali‐Metal Cations through Liquid Membranes by Non‐Cyclic Carriers
Authors: Xu Ming , Song Kai , Wu Li‐Zhu , Zhang Li‐Ping , Tung Chen‐Ho
Published: September 2010

The emission spectra of a series of naphthalene end‐labeled oligo‐oxyethylene (N‐Pn‐N) and their facilitated transport of cations across liquid membranes have been investigated. Alkali‐metal cations enhance or inhibit the intramolecular excimer formation of N‐Pn‐N remarkably, suggesting that the polyether chain of N‐Pn‐N in solution complexes with the cations, and the orientation of the terminal chromophores depends on the cation size and the length of the polyether chain. These compounds are able to act as carriers to facilitate transport of alkali‐metal cations through organic liquid membranes. The transport efficiencies are comparable with those of cyclic carriers such as crown ethers, and show remarkable selectivity.
Regioselective Synthesis and Base Catalyzed Transacylation of Substituted 1H‐Pyrazole‐4‐carboxamides
Authors: Ren Jim , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Liu Ying , Chen Wei‐Qiang , Jin Gui‐Yu
Published: September 2010

New type of substituted 1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxamides were obtained by regioselective synthesis under the catalysis of different bases. The structures of the title compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, IR, MS and X‐ray crystallography. Compounds 1 were transacylated into their corresponding amides 3 in the presence of sodium hydride. Preliminary bioassays indicated that some compounds showed fungicidal activities against Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
Synthesis of Ordered Biosilica Materials
Authors: Wang Li‐Jun , Wang Yun‐Hua , Li Min , Fan Ming‐Sheng , Zhang Fu‐Suo , Wu Xue‐Min , Yang Wen‐Sheng , Li Tie‐Jin
Published: September 2010

Biogenic silica with amazing diversity of nanostructure shells, fibers and granules in diatoms and sponges is radiated by proteins and polysaccharides and forms at ambient pressure and temperatures. Chemical synthetic methods, in contrast, have to rely on extreme pH and/or surfactants to induce the condensation of silica precursors into specific patterns. One kind of benign synthesis method through plant cell wall template‐directed ordered biosilica materials under ambient conditions is intriguing in this context. Organized silica materials in intercellular spaces of epidermal cells of tall fescue leaves were synthesized through molecular recognition between Si‐OH and polysaccharide‐OH or glycoprotein‐OH of main components of plant cell walls and cellular processing as well when Si(OEt)4 was supplied rather than monosilicic acid. The biosynthesis of structural silica in tall fescue plant was correlated with the Si species applied, reflecting the slower condensation from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and thus providing greater opportunities for structural control by the underlying matrix of cell walls. The composition was estimated by energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectra on a scanning electron microscope. All organized structures showed carbon, oxygen and silicon peaks, indicating that their formations differ from natural siliceous process.
Sm/BiCl3System Mediated Reformatsky Type Reactions of α‐Bromoacetophenone with Aldehydes in THF‐H2O Solvent
Authors: Zhang Ji‐Ming , Zhang Yong‐Min
Published: September 2010

In the presence of samarium‐bismuth(III) chloride, inter‐molecular aldol type reactions of α‐bromoacetophenone with various aldehydes in tetrahydrofuran‐water mixed solvent afford β‐hydroxy ketones in moderate to good yields under mild and neutral conditions.
Sol‐Gel Derived Carbon Ceramic Electrode Bulk‐Modified with Tris (1, 10‐phenanthroline‐5, 6‐dione) iron (II) Hexafluorophosphate and Its Use as an Amperometric Iodate Sensor
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhu Guo‐Yi
Published: September 2010

A surface‐renewable tris(1, 10‐phenanthroline‐5, 6‐dione) iron (D) hexafluorophosphate (FePD) modified carbon ceramic electrode was constructed by dispersing FePD and graphite powder in methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS) based gels. The FePD‐modified electrode presented pH‐dependent voltammetric behavior, and its peak currents were diffusion‐controlled in 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4 + H2SO4 solution (pH = 0.4). In the presence of iodate, dear electrocatalytic reduction waves were observed and thus the chemically modified electrode was used as an amperometric sensor for iodate in common salt. The linear range, sensitivity, detection limit and response time of the iodate sensor were 5 × 10−6–1 × 10−2 mol/L, 7.448 μA·L/ mmol, 1.2 × 10−6 mol/L and 5 s, respectively. A distinct advantage of this sensor is its good reproducibility of surface‐renewal by simple mechanical polishing.
Facile Formation of Ytterbium Diiodide and Its Use in the Synthesis of Allyl Selenides
Authors: Su Wei‐Ke , Li Yong‐Shu , Zhang Yong‐Min , Zheng Yun‐Fa
Published: September 2010

Ytterbium metal reacts with iodine to generate ytterbium diiodide directly, which can react with diselenides to form ytterbium selenolates (RSeYbI2). These species reacted smoothly with allyl bromide to give allyselenides in moderate to good yields under neutral conditions.
Synthesis of Thiourea Derivatives on Soluble Polymeric Support
Authors: Yang Gui‐Chun , Chen Zu‐Xing , Zhang Zhao‐Jun
Published: September 2010

A modified poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been developed as the soluble polymeric supports for liquid phase synthesis of novel thiourea derivatives. In each step of the sequence, the PEG‐bound products were precipitated in cold Et2O and the unreacted materials and by‐products were removed by simple filtration. The progress of reaction, purity of the isolation and the structure of the PEG‐bound products were easily monitored by TLC, IR and 1H NMR spectra. Representative thiourea derivatives were obtained in moderate yields with excellent purity from this modified PEG‐bound product by the cleavage with 50% TFA/H2O.
Bis (ortho‐) chelated Monoanionic Bisphosphinoaryl Ruthenium (II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity†
Authors: Klink Gerard P. M. , Dani Paulo , Koten Gerard
Published: September 2010

Bisphosphinoaryl ruthenium (II) compounds are synthesized using two distinct synthetic routes. One route, direct cycloruthenation, consists of the reaction of the parent arene compound R‐PCHP with [RuCl2 (PPh3)3] in chlorinated solvents. However, this route suffers from major drawbacks because HCl is formed as well as free triphenylphoshine. The other route, the transcyclometalation reaction, involves the interconversion of one cyclometalated ligand metal complex, [RuCl (NCN) (PPh3)], into another complex, [RuCl (R‐PCP) (PPh3)], with concomitant consumption and formation of the corresponding arenes R‐PCHP and NCHN, respectively.
Ab initio Calculation and Kinetic Study for the Abstraction Reaction of H with SiHCl3
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Zhu , Wang Shao‐Kun , Gu Yue‐Shu
Published: September 2010

The mechanism of the reaction of H with SiHCl3 has been investigated at high level of ab initio molecular orbital theory. Theoretical analysis provides a conclusive evidence that the main process occurring in this reaction is the hydrogen abstraction from the Si‐H bond, the abstraction of Cl has higher barrier and is difficult to react. The kinetics has been studied using canonical variational transition‐state theory (CVT) with small curvature tunneling effect (SCT) correction. The rate constants have been calculated over a wide temperature range of 200‐3000 K. The CVT/SCT rate constants exhibit typical non‐Arrhenius behavior, a three‐parameter rate‐temperature formula is fitted as follows:

k (T) = (3.24 × 10−19) T2.30 exp (‐250/T) [in unit of mL/ (molecule · s). The calculated CVT/SCT rate constants match well with the experimental values.
Substituent Effects on the Blue‐Shifting Hydrogen Bonds between X ‐ C  C ‐ CF2 ‐ H and Water
Authors: Fan Jian‐Miao , Zhang Ke‐Chun , Liu Lei , Li Xiao‐Song , Guo Qing‐Xiang
Published: September 2010

MP2/6‐31 + g (d) calculations were performed verifying the existences of blue‐shifting X ‐ C  C ‐ CF2 ‐ HḋOH2 hydrogen bonds. Detailed analyses revealed that the interaction energy and donor‐acceptor distance had good correlations with the substituent Hammett constants. However, the extent of C‐H bond contraction and the blue shift of the C‐H stretching vibration did not show any good correlation with the traditional substituent constants, indicating that certain more complicated mechanisms might be involved in the present systems. Nevertheless, it was found that highly electron‐withdrawing substituents were not favorable to the C‐H bond contraction, and it was suggested that the attractive interaction between water and the carbon of ‐ CF2H probably played an important role in the blue shift.
Xanthine Biosensor Based on Didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide Modified Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode
Authors: Tang Ji‐Lin , Han Xiao‐Jun , Huang Wei‐Min , Wang Er‐Kuq
Published: September 2010

The vesicle of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) which contained tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) was mixed with xanthine oxidase, and the mixture was cast on the pyrolytic graphite electrode. The lipid films were used to supply a biological environment resembling biomembrane on the surface of the electrode. TTF was used as a mediator because of its high electron‐transfer efficiency. A novel xanthine biosensor based on cast DDAB film was developed. The effects of pH and operating potential were explored for optimum analytical performance by using the amperometric method. The response time of the biosensor was less than 10 s. The detection limit of the biosensor was 3.2 × 10−7 mol/L and the liner range was from 4 × 10−7 mol/L to 2.4 × 10−6 mol/L.
Chemoembolization of colorectal liver metastases with cisplatin, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, ethiodol, and polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Albert Marissa , Kiefer Matthew V. , Sun Weijing , Haller Daniel , Fraker Douglas L. , Tuite Catherine M. , Stavropoulos S. William , Mondschein Jeffrey I. , Soulen Michael C.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Unresectable colorectal liver metastases have a 1‐ and 2‐year survival of 55% and 33% with current systemic therapies. The authors evaluated response and survival after transarterial chemoembolization.

METHODS:

Chemoembolization with cisplatin, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, ethiodized oil, and polyvinyl alcohol particles was performed at monthly intervals for 1 to 4 sessions. Cross‐sectional imaging and clinical and laboratory evaluation were performed before treatment, 1 month after treatment, and then every 3 months. A second cycle was performed for intrahepatic recurrence. Toxicity was assessed using National Cancer Institute's Common Toxicity Criteria version 3.0. Response was evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. Progression and survival were estimated with Kaplan‐Meier analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of 245 treatments were performed over 141 cycles on 121 patients. Ninety‐five of 141 treatment cycles were evaluable for response: 2 (2%) partial response, 39 (41%) stable disease, and 54 (57%) progression. Median time to disease progression (TTP) in the treated liver was 5 months, and median TTP anywhere was 3 months. Median survival was 33 months from diagnosis of the primary colon cancer, 27 months from development of liver metastases, and 9 months from chemoembolization. Survival was significantly better when chemoembolization was performed after first‐ or second‐line systemic therapy (11‐12 months) than after third‐ to fifth‐line therapies (6 months) (P = .03). Presence of extrahepatic metastases did not adversely affect survival (P = .48).

CONCLUSIONS:

Chemoembolization provided local disease control of hepatic metastases after 43% of treatment cycles. Median survival was 27 months overall, and 11 months when initiated for salvage after failure of second‐line systemic therapy. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Soft tissue sarcoma presenting with metastatic disease
Authors: Ferguson Peter C. , Deheshi Benjamin M. , Chung Peter , Catton Charles N. , O'Sullivan Brian , Gupta Abha , Griffin Anthony M. , Wunder Jay S.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this study was to assess patient, tumor, and treatment factors that affected overall survival in a group of patients who underwent surgery for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and presented with American Joint Commission on Cancer stage IV disease.

METHODS:

A retrospective review was undertaken of a single institution's database from the years 1986 to 2006 in all patients who met the following inclusion criteria: 1) surgical management of the primary tumor was undertaken, and 2) metastatic disease was present at the time of initial presentation. In total, 112 patients were identified who met the inclusion criteria.

RESULTS:

The 5‐year survival rate for the entire group was 17%. In univariate analysis, the variables that were identified as statistically significant for predicting improved overall survival were resection of metastatic disease (P = .003), <4 pulmonary metastases (P = .05), and the presence of lymph node metastases versus pulmonary metastases (P = .0002). In multivariate analysis, only the presence of lymph node metastases versus pulmonary metastases retained statistical significance (P = .05). The 5‐year survival rate for patients who had lymph nodes metastases at diagnosis was 59%, whereas it was only 8% for patients who presented with pulmonary metastases.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients who presented with metastatic STS had a very poor prognosis despite aggressive surgical management of their primary tumor. The current results indicated that, although patients with isolated lymph node metastases may be cured by surgical resection, patients with pulmonary metastases are unlikely to be cured even with aggressive surgical management and should be treated with palliation of symptoms as the main objective. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Contemporary use of perioperative cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Raj Ganesh V. , Karavadia Saumil , Schlomer Bruce , Arriaga Yull , Lotan Yair , Sagalowsky Arthur , Frenkel Eugene
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Level I evidence indicates that neoadjuvant cisplatin‐based chemotherapy, in combination with radical cystectomy (RC), is associated with a significant survival advantage for patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Despite this, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not uniformly used. Our objective was to determine the patterns of utilization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients undergoing RC for muscle invasive bladder cancer in a contemporary cohort in a tertiary care center.

METHODS:

A retrospective review was performed of patients with bladder cancer who underwent RC between 2003 and 2008 at our institution. Clinical stage, pathologic stage, renal function, and perioperative chemotherapy treatments were tabulated. Primary outcome measures were the type and use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy among eligible patients. Secondary measures were the utilization patterns of adjuvant chemotherapy, renal function, pathologic outcomes, and disease specific and overall survival. Reasons for nonutilization of chemotherapy were also examined.

RESULTS:

Among 238 patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer, 145 had a preoperative clinical stage ≥T2. Only 17% (25 of 145) of these patients received cisplatin‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The renal function was adequate (CrCl > 60 ml/min) in 97 (67%) of these patients. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had higher p0 rates (29% vs 8%) than patients who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. Advanced patient age, comorbidities, concerns over toxicity of chemotherapy, and the modest nature of benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy may explain why this treatment is not often used.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite level I evidence, neoadjuvant cisplatin‐based chemotherapies continue to be underutilized in the management of bladder cancer, even at a high‐volume tertiary center. A prospective evaluation of management choices, including the patient and physician factors involved in the use of perioperative cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in bladder cancer, is indicated. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.