bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Impacts of Tidal Energy Capture from an Ecosystem Services Perspective
Authors: Leslie Heather M. , Palmer Megan
Published: February 2015

AbstractAs governments from the local to national level have recognized the need to integrate renewable sources into their energy portfolios, there has been a recent push to harness diverse sources of ocean energy, including those generated by tides and waves. Despite the potential benefits, development of these marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) resources has raised concerns in terms of their potential socioeconomic and environmental impacts. An ecosystem services perspective offers a useful means of monitoring how MHKs will affect both people and nature by enabling the identification of the benefits provided by functioning ecosystems to people, including biodiversity, tourism and recreation, and food provision. To illustrate the value of this approach in evaluating the potential impacts of an MHK project, we present the case study of the Muskeget Channel Tidal Energy Project (United States) and identify the types of data and analytical tools that could be used to develop an ecosystem service assessment of MHK development in this study region. To complement this case study, we also reviewed the published literature on tidal energy and other MHK project types, which highlighted how little is known about the ecological effects of MHK development in coastal and marine ecosystems. Integrating ecosystem service knowledge into projects like Muskeget Channel can contribute to more scientifically informed MHK siting processes and more effective, ecosystem-based management of the diverse human activities undertaken in coastal and marine environments.
A Double-Node Star Network Coastal Ocean Observatory
Authors: Zhang Feng , Chen Yanhu , Li Dejun , Yang Canjun , Jin Bo
Published: February 2015

AbstractA coastal cabled ocean observatory network with two observation nodes (first phase) along a 150-km electrical/optical submarine cable, supporting tens of scientific packages and up to hundreds of sensors, is under development in China, which is also China’s
first attempt at constructing a long-term, large-scale ocean observatory network. Each node consists of one primary junction box (JB) and several secondary JBs that provide standardized ports for secondary JBs or scientific packages, respectively, through wet-mateable connections. The power
system introduces bus topology for the primary nodes and star topology for all subnodes while the communication system adopts two separated and nonrepeated star topologies. In August 2013, the first primary node equipped with two scientific instruments deployed in the South China Sea 75 km
offshore and at a 200-m depth. The node, however, failed in only 1 h due to a dry-mate connector breakdown and short caused by seawater, which prevented the high-voltage converter from properly starting up. Lessons learned from this failure and future plans are presented herein.
Principal mineral areas of Canada
Authors:   Minerals and Metals Sector,   National Energy Board
Published: February 2015

This map, published annually by Natural Resources Canada, contains statistics on Canada's mineral production and provides the geographic locations of significant metallic, nonmetallic and industrial mineral mines, oil sands mines, and gas fields for the provinces
and territories of Canada. It also contains information on existing and proposed oil and gas pipelines. A mine index lists, for each mine identified on the map, information on company ownership and the mine's type, location, and principal minerals and metals produced. A similar index (without
company names due to a shortage of space) is provided for each oil and gas field. Three inset maps detail the geographic locations of selected metallurgical works, and current and expected mine openings and closings. Mineral production statistics have also been incorporated in a number of tables and
charts on the map.
Mapping hydrothermal footprints: case studies from the Meliadine Gold District, Nunavut
Authors: Lawley C J M , Dubé B , Mercier-Langevin P , Vaillancourt D
Published: February 2015

The geochemical and mineralogic signature, or hydrothermal footprint, of ore deposits has great potential as an exploration tool. In some cases, hydrothermal footprints can be mapped up to several kilometers beyond the economically viable portion of the deposit
and thus offers the potential to vector from sub-economic mineralization towards higher-grade ore from district- to deposit-scales. Conventionally, hydrothermal footprints are mapped using some preferred threshold concentration for each pathfinder element, or ratio, of interest. The results are then
generally portrayed as stacked geochemical traverses adjacent to known ore bodies. However, the conventional approach inadequately accounts for the multivariate nature of ore processes and the inherently imprecise boundary between barren and mineralized rock. In this contribution we explore
alternative methods to define and map the hydrothermal footprint at six gold deposits and ore zones within the Meliadine Gold District (MGD), Nunavut.
MGD host rocks are variably altered (silicified ± sericitized ± sulphidized ± carbonatized ± chloritized) adjacent to BIF-hosted replacement-style gold mineralization and auriferous greenstone-hosted quartz (± ankerite) veins cutting mafic volcanic, interflow sediments and
turbiditic successions. Robust principle component analysis defines key element assemblages (Au-Ag-As-S-Te-Bi-W-Sb) that are associated with gold and are enriched from 10s to 100s of meters adjacent to ore zones. We integrate and map pathfinder element enrichment and quantified measures of
hydrothermal alteration intensity using a hybrid fuzzy- and conditional probability-based model (weights of evidence) in an effort to further highlight the complementary nature of multivariate datasets and to define fuzzy footprints. The available whole-rock data suggests that multi-element
anomalies are, in some instances, better suited for defining broader geochemical anomalies than was apparent from analysis of individual pathfinder elements. We emphasize that samples containing pathfinder element concentrations in excess of some preferred threshold are akin to conventional
definitions of geochemical anomalies, but in this case occur primarily in the ore zone and are thus of limited use for vectoring. In contrast, fuzzy footprints delineate the simultaneous occurrence of favourable pathfinder element enrichment and hydrothermal alteration for samples that would have
been excluded following the conventional approach. These samples occur in hanging wall and footwall rocks devoid of gold (< 5 ppb), and thus provide a possible vector to high-grade gold ore.
Real Algebraic Geometry With A View Toward Systems Control and Free Positivity
Authors: Henrion Didier , Kuhlmann Salma , Vinnikov Victor
Published: February 2015

New interactions between real algebraic geometry, convex optimization and free non-commutative geometry have recently emerged, and have been the subject of numerous international meetings. The aim of the workshop was to bring together experts, as well as young researchers, to investigate current key questions at the interface of these fields, and to explore emerging interdisciplinary applications.
Mini-Workshop: Mathematical Physics meets Sparse Recovery
Authors: Gross David , Krahmer Felix , Ward Rachel , Winter Andreas
Published: February 2015

In recent years, there have been several fruitful interchanges of methods between the fields of sparse and low-rank recovery on the one hand and quantum information theory on the other hand. One way to understand this seemingly surprising coincidence is that the analysis of vector- and matrix-valued randomized constructions plays an important role in both fields. An example is the realization that certain matrix-valued large deviation bounds can be employed to substantially simplify and generalize the analysis of low-rank matrix recovery schemes.

In this workshop, the participants worked to identify and collaborate on further mathematical problems that are being researched in parallel by the two communities. Topics that have been discussed include

• Tools for the analysis of vector- and matrix-valued randomized constructions and their application to phase retrieval problems

• Conversely, tools for de-randomizing such protocols, based, e.g., on spherical designs.

• Uncertainty relations, e.g., for the task of lower-bounding the number of measurements required for signal identification.

• Time-frequency methods (known as phase-space methods in physics).

• Matrix- and tensor norms: computational tools, complexity, relaxations and their application to tensor recovery.
Hilbert Modules and Complex Geometry
Authors: Davidson Kenneth R. , Douglas Ronald G. , Eschmeier Jörg , Upmeier Harald
Published: February 2015

The major topics discussed in the workshop were Hilbert modules of analytic functions on domains in Cn, Toeplitz and Hankel operators, reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and multiplier algebras, the interplay of complex geometry and operator theory, non-commutative function theory and operator theory, Hilbert bundles on symmetric spaces.
Schnelle Löser für Partielle Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Bank Randolph E. , Grasedyck Lars , Hackbusch Wolfgang , Wittum Gabriel
Published: February 2015

This workshop was well attended by 52 participants with broad geographic representation from 11 countries and 3 continents. It was a nice blend of researchers with various backgrounds.
Stochastic Analysis: Around the KPZ Universality Class
Authors: Guionnet Alice , Hairer Martin , Werner Wendelin
Published: February 2015

The Gaussian distribution is the “universal” distribution arising in a huge variety of contexts that describes the compound effect of the random fluctuations of many independent (or weakly dependent) sources of randomness that are combined in a (close to) additive way. While this has been very well understood for a long time, the last few years have seen an explosion of results around the “KPZ universality class”, which contains many systems where strongly interacting individual components are combined in a highly non-linear way. In this class, which is still rather poorly understood from a mathematical perspective, fluctuations typically exhibit scaling exponent 1/3 instead of the exponent 1/2 familiar from the central limit theorem and limiting distributions are of Tracy-Widom type rather than Gaussian.

This workshop brought together outstanding researchers from a variety of mathematical backgrounds whose areas of research are linked to the understanding of the KPZ equation and universality class. While there are strong links between their motivations, the techniques used by these researchers span a large swath of mathematics, ranging from purely algebraic techniques to renormalisation theory, stochastic analysis, random matrix theory, classical probability theory, orthogonal polynomials, the theory of rough paths, etc.
Subjective and objective determinants of the satisfaction from the cooperation in a dance couple
Authors: Budnik-Przybylska Dagmara , Lewandowska-Walter Aleksandra , Czyżyk Paulina
Published: February 2015

Background

Dance is an extremely complicated sports discipline, which combines features of the “original” form of dance associated with the expression of self and one’s emotions while maintaining the qualities of a competitive sport. It is particularly important for the cooperation of a couple to develop a relationship during training so that the partners feel satisfaction from working with each other, but are also pleased with the results in the discipline in which they train.

The aim of this study was to analyse the factors responsible for the satisfaction with cooperation in a couple, which included, among other things, the dance level, degree of involvement and responsibility of each partner for the development of the couple.

Participants and procedure

The study involved 30 dance couples aged 13-26 years (M = 16.48, SD = 2.16). Participants completed two questionnaires (Own Poll and the Dyadic Trust Scale [DTS]) and provided demographic information in a quiet environment, usually at their education or training facilities.

Results

The results indicated the importance of their own and perceived partner involvement in the development of the couple for the satisfaction from the success in the sport. It is surprising, however, that the results reveal no association between dance experience and satisfaction of practising sport analysed in the study.

Conclusions

Satisfaction plays an important role in relationships of pair dancers. In dancing, satisfaction may derive from subjective rather than objective factors, mainly those related to the relationship in the couple.
The impacts of firework burning at the Chinese Spring Festival on air quality: insights of tracers, source evolution and aging processes
Authors: Kong S. F. , Li L. , Li X. X. , Yin Y. , Chen K. , Liu D. T. , Yuan L. , Zhang Y. J. , Shan Y. P. , Ji Y. Q.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. To understand the impact of firework-burning (FW) particles on air quality and human health during the winter haze period, 39 elements, 10 water-soluble ions and 8 fractions of carbonaceous species in atmospheric PM2.5 in Nanjing were investigated during the 2014 Chinese Spring Festival (SF). Serious regional haze pollution persisted throughout the entire sampling period, with PM2.5 averaging at 113 ± 69 μg m−3 and visibility at 4.8 ± 3.2 km. The holiday effect led to almost all the chemical species decreasing during the SF, except for Al, K, Ba and Sr which were related to FW. The source contributions of coal combustion, vehicle emission and road dust decreased dramatically, whereas FW contributed to about half of the PM2.5 during the SF period. The intensive emission of FW particles on New Year's Eve accounted for 60.1% of the PM2.5. Fireworks also obviously modified the chemical compositions of PM2.5, with 39.3% contributed by increased organic matter, followed by steadily increased loadings of secondary inorganic ions. The aging processes of the FW particles lasted for about 4 days reflected by the variations of Ba, Sr, NH4+, NO3−, SO42− and K+, characterized by heterogeneous reactions of SO2 and NOx on crustal materials directly from FW, the replacement of Cl− by NO3− and SO42−, coating of NO3− and SO42− on soot, formation of secondary organic aerosols and metal-catalyzed formation of NO3− and SO42− at higher relative humidity. During aging, the main contributors to the extinction coefficient shifted from elemental carbon and organic matter to ammonium sulfate. The particles raised higher cancer risk of 1.62 × 10−6 by heavy metals (especially for Cd and As). This study provided detailed composition data and first comprehensive analysis of the aging processes of FW particles during the serious haze pollution period and their potential impact on human health.
Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production in marine ecosystem models
Authors: Laufkötter C. , Vogt M. , Gruber N. , Aita-Noguchi M. , Aumont O. , Bopp L. , Buitenhuis E. , Doney S. C. , Dunne J. , Hashioka T. , Hauck J. , Hirata T. , John J. , Le Quéré C. , Lima I. D. , Nakano H. , Seferian R. , Totterdell I. , Vichi M. , Völker C.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Past model studies have projected a global decrease in marine net primary production (NPP) over the 21st century, but these studies focused on the multi-model mean and mostly ignored the large inter-model differences. Here, we analyze model simulated changes of NPP for the 21st century under IPCC's high emission scenario RCP8.5 using a suite of nine coupled carbon–climate Earth System Models with embedded marine ecosystem models with a focus on the spread between the different models and the underlying reasons. Globally, five out of the nine models show a decrease in NPP over the course of the 21st century, while three show no significant trend and one even simulates an increase. The largest model spread occurs in the low latitudes (between 30° S and 30° N), with individual models simulating relative changes between −25 and +40%. In this region, the inter-quartile range of the differences between the 2012–2031 average and the 2081–2100 average is up to 3 mol C m-2 yr-1. These large differences in future change mirror large differences in present day NPP. Of the seven models diagnosing a net decrease in NPP in the low latitudes, only three simulate this to be a consequence of the classical interpretation, i.e., a stronger nutrient limitation due to increased stratification and reduced upwelling. In the other four, warming-induced increases in phytoplankton growth outbalance the stronger nutrient limitation. However, temperature-driven increases in grazing and other loss processes cause a net decrease in phytoplankton biomass and reduces NPP despite higher growth rates. One model projects a strong increase in NPP in the low latitudes, caused by an intensification of the microbial loop, while the remaining model simulates changes of less than 0.5%. While there is more consistency in the modeled increase in NPP in the Southern Ocean, the regional inter-model range is also very substantial. In most models, this increase in NPP is driven by temperature, but is also modulated by changes in light, macronutrients and iron as well as grazing. Overall, current projections of future changes in global marine NPP are subject to large uncertainties and necessitate a dedicated and sustained effort to improve the models and the concepts and data that guide their development.
Transmissivity of solar radiation within a Picea sitchensis stand under various sky conditions
Authors: Dengel S. , Grace J. , MacArthur A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. We tested the hypothesis that diffuse radiation from cloudy and overcast skies penetrates the canopy more effectively than direct radiation from clear skies. We compared the flux density and spectral properties of direct and diffuse radiation (around solar noon (±1 h) above, within and below a forest stand under sunny, cloudy and overcast conditions in a thinned Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) forest (28 years old, with an leaf area index of approximately 5.2). We recorded vertical profiles of radiation penetration (from 350 to 1050 nm), and we also explored the horizontal pattern of radiation along a 115 m transect. We showed that in "clear sky" conditions, the photosynthetically-active radiation in the lower parts of the canopy was substantially attenuated, more so than under cloudy and overcast skies. It was particularly depleted in the blue part of the spectrum, but only slightly blue-depleted when the sky was overcast or cloudy. Moreover, the red far-red ratio under clear skies fell to values less than 0.3 but only to 0.6 under cloudy or overcast skies. Near the ground, the light climate was strongly influenced by the thinning pattern (carried out in accordance with standard forestry management practice).
Potential and limitations of finite element modelling in assessing structural integrity of coralline algae under future global change
Authors: Melbourne L. A. , Griffin J. , Schmidt D. N. , Rayfield E. J.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Coralline algae are important habitat formers found on all rocky shores. While the impact of future ocean acidification on the physiological performance of the species has been well studied, little research has focussed on potential changes in structural integrity in response to climate change. A previous study using 2-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA), suggested increased vulnerability to fracture (by wave action or boring) in algae grown under high CO2 conditions. To assess how realistically 2-D simplified models represent structural performance, a series of increasingly biologically accurate 3-D FE-models that represent coralline algal growth were developed. Simplified geometric 3-D models of the genus Lithothamnion were compared to models created from computed tomography (CT) scan data of the same genus. The biologically accurate model and the simplified geometric model representing individual cells had similar average stresses and stress distributions, emphasizing the importance of the cell walls in dissipating the stress throughout the structure. In contrast models without the accurate representation of the cell geometry resulted in larger stress and strain results. Our more complex 3-D model reiterated the potential of climate change to diminish the structural integrity of the organism. This suggests that under future environmental conditions the weakening of the coralline algal skeleton along with increased external pressures (wave and bioerosion) may negatively influence the ability for coralline algae to maintain a habitat able to sustain high levels of biodiversity.
Characterization of precipitation product errors across the US using multiplicative Triple Collocation
Authors: Alemohammad S. H. , McColl K. A. , Konings A. G. , Entekhabi D. , Stoffelen A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Validation of precipitation estimates from various products is a challenging problem, since the true precipitation is unknown. However, with the increased availability of precipitation estimates from a wide range of instruments (satellite, ground-based radar, and gauge), it is now possible to apply the Triple Collocation (TC) technique to characterize the uncertainties in each of the products. Classical TC takes advantage of three collocated data products of the same variable and estimates the mean squared error of each, without requiring knowledge of the truth. In this study, triplets among NEXRAD-IV, TRMM 3B42, GPCP and GPI products are used to quantify the associated spatial error characteristics across a central part of the continental US. This is the first study of its kind to explore precipitation estimation errors using TC across the United States (US). A multiplicative (logarithmic) error model is incorporated in the original TC formulation to relate the precipitation estimates to the unknown truth. For precipitation application, this is more realistic than the additive error model used in the original TC derivations, which is generally appropriate for existing applications such as in the case of wind vector components and soil moisture comparisons. This study provides error estimates of the precipitation products that can be incorporated into hydrological and meteorological models, especially those used in data assimilation. Physical interpretations of the error fields (related to topography, climate, etc) are explored. The methodology presented in this study could be used to quantify the uncertainties associated with precipitation estimates from each of the constellation of GPM satellites. Such quantification is prerequisite to optimally merging these estimates.
Analysing the spatial patterns of erosion scars using point process theory at the coastal chalk cliff of Mesnil-Val, Normandy, northern France
Authors: Rohmer J. , Dewez T.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Over the last decade, many cliff erosion studies have focused on frequency-size statistics using inventories of sea cliff retreat sizes. By comparison, only a few paid attention to quantifying the spatial and temporal organisation of erosion scars over a cliff face. Yet, this spatial organisation carries essential information about the external processes and the environmental conditions that promote or initiate sea-cliff instabilities. In this article, we use summary statistics of spatial point process theory as a tool to examine the spatial and temporal pattern of a rockfall inventory recorded with repeated terrestrial laser scanning surveys at the chalk coastal cliff site of Mesnil-Val (Normandy, France). Results show that: (1) the spatial density of erosion scars is specifically conditioned alongshore by the distance to an engineered concrete groyne, with an exponential-like decreasing trend, and vertically focused both at wave breaker height and on strong lithological contrasts; (2) small erosion scars (10−3 to 10−2 m3) aggregate in clusters within a radius of 5 to 10 m, which suggests some sort of attraction or focused causative process, and disperse above this critical distance; (3) on the contrary, larger erosion scars (10−2 to 101 m3) tend to disperse above a radius of 1 to 5 m, possibly due to the spreading of successive failures across the cliff face; (4) large scars significantly occur albeit moderately, where previous large rockfalls have occurred during preceding winter; (5) this temporal trend is not apparent for small events. In conclusion, this study shows, with a worked example, how spatial point process summary statistics are a tool to test and quantify the significance of geomorphological observation organisation.
The Landscapes of Hamlin Garland and the American Populists
Authors: BERLINER JONATHAN
Published: February 2015

In July 1892, the People’s Party held its first political convention in Omaha, Nebraska. Although the candidate nominated by the party, General James B. Weaver, placed far behind the major party candidates, the Party platform included a number of reforms that were adopted in the United States over the next generation: direct election of senators, a graduated income tax, the secret ballot, ballot initiatives and election referenda, and labor laws enforcing workplace standards. The party platform also included several proposals of a more socialistic nature that did not come to pass in the near term—for example, state ownership of transportation and communication networks. The Populists, as they came to be known, however, were essentially individualistic in their outlook, firmly in support of private property. As they saw it, individual freedoms were eroding under the ascendant system of corporate capitalism, and the role of the state was to ensure that the citizenry maintained its access to those freedoms. One of the most outspoken supporters of the People’s Party was a young writer based in Boston named Hamlin Garland. He had moved to the Northeast from the Midwest in 1884 to pursue a teaching and literary career. As his activity on behalf of the Populists increased, 1891 marked a turning point for him: he published the literary work which would solidify his lasting reputation—the collection of six short stories entitled Main-Travelled Roads, which depicted the downtrodden farmers who formed the central core of Populist support.
Utility of the end-of-season nitrate test for nitrogen sufficiency of irrigated maize under Mediterranean semi-arid conditions
Authors: Isla Ramon , Salmeron Montserrat , Cavero Jose , Yagüe Maria-Rosa , Quilez Dolores
Published: February 2015

Calibration of decision tools to improve N fertilizer management is critical to increase its adoption by maize (Zea mays L.) growers. The objective of this study was to establish nitrate and total nitrogen concentrations in the basal maize stalks (BMS) at harvest to separate maize fields among three N availability categories (N-deficient, N-optimum, and N-excess) under Mediterranean irrigated semiarid conditions. We analysed data from 26 irrigated maize trials conducted between 2001 and 2012. Trials included treatments receiving different N fertilizer rates and sources (mineral and organic), irrigation systems (flood, sprinkler) and soil types. The critical nitrate concentration in BMS to identify N-deficient plots (CNCL) is affected by the irrigation system. The CNCL was lower under sprinkler irrigation (708 mg NO3-­–N/kg) than under flood irrigation (2205 mg NO3-­–N/kg), and the later presented a higher degree of uncertainty compared to sprinkler irrigated systems. The results showed the difficulty to identify the N-deficient plots with the BMS test and the higher sensibility of nitrate-N than total-N concentration in BMS to separate N-deficient from N-optimal plots. Under sprinkler irrigation, nitrate in BMS>1500 mg NO3-­–N/kg had a 85% probability of having received an excess of N. Considering economic net returns to N fertilization, the range of nitrate concentration in BMS that maximized profit under sprinkler-irrigated conditions was established between 1100 and 1700 mg NO3-–N/kg. Results suggest that BMS test can be useful in detecting plots with an excess of N but considering irrigation efficiency is crucial for stablishing successful CNC thresholds.
Cite Globally, Analyze Locally: Citation Analysis from a Local Latin American Studies Perspective
Authors: Schadl Suzanne M. , Todeschini Marina
Published: February 2015

This citation analysis examines the use of Spanish- and Portuguese-language books and articles in PhD dissertations on Latin America at the University of New Mexico between 2000 and 2009. Two sets of data are presented: The first identifies the use of Spanish- and Portuguese-language books and articles across 17 academic departments; and the second analyzes how well local holdings meet demands for a select geographical area—Mexico. These local data contradict conclusions in general citation studies of the humanities, social sciences and foreign languages. They prove that preconceived ideas about foreign language usage from general citation studies do not provide reliable templates for local acquisition decisions. Librarians need to look at their research communities and local usage habits instead of relying on general studies for answers.
The Impact of Parental Styles on the Development of Psychological Complaints
Authors: Rocha Lopes Daniela , van Putten Kees , Moormann Peter Paul
Published: February 2015

The main aim of the present study was to test Rogers’ theory, stating that parental styles characterized by unconditional positive regard (UPR) promote healthier adults than parental styles characterized by conditional regard (CR). For both caregivers CR was found to be associated with significantly higher scores on psychological complaints than UPR (on nearly all SCL-90 scales and the SCL-total score), even when controlling for gender. Although lack of emotional warmth by the father and harsh discipline by the mother were significant predictors of SCL-90-Total (indicating state neuroticism) it should be noted that both variables only explained a small amount of the total variance. Empirical evidence was found for Rogers’ theory. Others factors than merely emotional warmth and discipline play a role in the etiology of state neuroticism. For future research it is therefore recommended to include other factors, such as daily worries, temperament, and alexithymia
Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A New Cellular Resource for Corneal Stromal Regeneration
Authors: Syed-Picard Fatima N. , Du Yiqin , Lathrop Kira L. , Mann Mary M. , Funderburgh Martha L. , Funderburgh James L.
Published: February 2015

Corneal blindness afflicts millions of individuals worldwide and is currently treated by grafting with cadaveric tissues; however, there are worldwide donor tissue shortages, and many allogeneic grafts are eventually rejected. Autologous stem cells present a prospect for personalized regenerative medicine and an alternative to cadaveric tissue grafts. Dental pulp contains a population of adult stem cells and, similar to corneal stroma, develops embryonically from the cranial neural crest. We report that adult dental pulp cells (DPCs) isolated from third molars have the capability to differentiate into keratocytes, cells of the corneal stoma. After inducing differentiation in vitro, DPCs expressed molecules characteristic of keratocytes, keratocan, and keratan sulfate proteoglycans at both the gene and the protein levels. DPCs cultured on aligned nanofiber substrates generated tissue-engineered, corneal stromal-like constructs, recapitulating the tightly packed, aligned, parallel fibrillar collagen of native stromal tissue. After injection in vivo into mouse corneal stroma, human DPCs produced corneal stromal extracellular matrix containing human type I collagen and keratocan and did not affect corneal transparency or induce immunological rejection. These findings demonstrate a potential for the clinical application of DPCs in cellular or tissue engineering therapies for corneal stromal blindness.
Les pratiques artistiques queers et féministes au Québec
Authors: Gingras-Olivier Marie-Claude
Published: February 2015

L’art et le politique entretiennent un dialogue prolifique qui nous renseigne, notamment, sur divers enjeux féministes de l’actualité québécoise. À partir d’oeuvres choisies, l’auteure observe certains effets de cette conjoncture, s’activant dans le milieu artistique comme dans la rue. En analysant le travail des artistes Virginie Jourdain, Florence S. Larose, Coco Riot et Elisha Lim, elle aborde différentes thématiques comme la justice reproductive, les politiques du genre, le rapport entre « culture populaire » et « sous-culture », de même que la pertinence de décentrer la critique féministe et la critique queer, comme l’ont proposé les queers of color, par exemple.
Pratiques artistiques féministes et queers en art vidéo
Authors: Lavoie Rébecca
Published: February 2015

Proposant une conception de l’art politique ancrée dans les espaces sociaux dans lesquels il émerge à travers des communautés de pratique, l’auteure examine certaines des notions à l’oeuvre lorsqu’il est question d’identités, de pratiques artistiques féministes et de pensée politiquequeer. Elle offre d’abord des éléments de contexte permettant de situer l’émergence de la vidéo comme médium dont l’efficacité politique s’est révélée considérable pour les pensées féministes etqueers, puis elle discute de deux artistes de vidéo performance montréalaises, Lamathilde et Dayna McLeod, et de la manière dont leurs pensées et leurs pratiques participent à la consolidation d’une communauté d’affinités.
Kühlschmierstoffe und sonstige komplexe kohlenwasserstoffhaltige Gemische, nichtwassermischbar – Aerosole und Dämpfe [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2014]
Authors: Breuer D. , Blaskowitz M. , Pannwitz K.‐H.
Published: February 2015

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 11. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1998

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vorbehandlung des XAD‐2 Adsorberharzes

Vorbereitung der Probenträger

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Probenahme

Probenaufbereitung

Infrarotspektrometrische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision und erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Wiederfindung

Bestimmungsgrenze

Kapazität des Probenträgers

Lagerfähigkeit

Einfluss der Luftfeuchte

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion
Lösemittelgemische [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2014c]
Authors: Krämer W.
Published: February 2015

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2014

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Probenahme

Probenaufbereitung

Chromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Wiederfindung

Einfluss der Luftfeuchte

Bestimmungsgrenze

Erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Lagerfähigkeit

Kapazität des Probenträgers

Anhang
Lösemittelgemische [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2014d]
Authors: Breuer D. , Eisenhardt A.
Published: February 2015

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2014

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Probenahme

Probenaufbereitung

Chromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Wiederfindung

Bestimmungsgrenze

Erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Lagerfähigkeit

Einfluss der Luftfeuchte

Kapazität des Probenträgers

Störeinflüsse

Blindwerte
Lösemittelgemische [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2014e]
Authors: Tschickardt M.
Published: February 2015

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 11. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1998

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte und Chemikalien

Geräte

Chemikalien

Vorbehandlung der Adsorptionsröhrchen

Lösungen

Prüfgase und Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenvorbereitung

Chromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision und erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Wiederfindung

Bestimmungsgrenze

Kapazität des Probenträgers

Lagerfähigkeit

Störeinflüsse

Verwendung anderer Adsorbentien

Anhang
Aluminium und seine löslichen anorganischen Verbindungen [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2014]
Authors: Rosenberger W. , Netz‐Piepenbrink S. , Hahn J.‐U. , Schon C.
Published: February 2015

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 11. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1998

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision und erweiterte Messunsicherheit

Wiederfindung

Bestimmungsgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Lagerstabilität

Diskussion
Arbeitsplatzmessungen – Empfehlungen aus der Praxis [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2014]
Authors: Hebisch Ralph , Ball Michael , Emmel Christoph , Krämer Wilhelm , Maschmeier Claus‐Peter , Nitz Gerda , Riepe Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 11. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1998

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Einleitung

Ziel von Messungen

Messplanung

Vorbereitung der Probenahme

Durchführung der Probenahme

Probenahmevolumen

Erzeugung eines konstanten Volumenstroms

Bestimmung des Volumenstroms

Besondere Hinweise zu Schwebekörper‐Strömungsmessern (Rotameter)

Kapazität von Sammelphasen

Weitere Hinweise zur Probenahme

Probentransport

Lagerung von Proben

Einsatz direkt anzeigender Messgeräte

Aufbereitung

Blindwerte von Standards, Standzeiten

Blindwerte von Filtern, Adsorbentien und Gasprobenahmebeuteln

Blindwerte von Löse‐ und Aufschlussmitteln

Spritzen und direkt verdrängende Pipetten

Interner Standard

Beschleunigung der Lösemitteldesorption

Analytik

Auswahl des Analysenverfahrens

Querempfindlichkeiten

Kalibrierung

Rekalibrierung

Kontrollstandards

Dotierung von Probenträgern

Einzelne Analysenverfahren

Allgemeine technische Ausstattung und Gestaltung

Berechnung und Interpretation des Analysenergebnisses
Afghanistan
Authors: Aslami Zarena
Published: February 2015

Britain fought two bloody wars in Afghanistan, commonly referred to as the First Anglo‐Afghan War (1839 to 1842) and the Second Anglo‐Afghan War (1878 to 1880). Despite the brutal violence, spectacular personal stories, and mixed feelings associated with both, as well as the eerie similarities between them, Afghanistan does not appear frequently in Victorian literature. However, major and minor writers did turn to Afghanistan, sometimes as setting, sometimes as detail. When Afghanistan does appear in Victorian literature, it does so in ways that reveal the particularity of Afghanistan not only as a site of geopolitical interest to the British Empire, but also as a site whose inhabitants and history confounded an imperial epistemology that could typically pride itself on assimilating and domesticating cultural difference when motivated to conquer.
Digital studies
Authors: Chapman Alison
Published: February 2015

The definition of digital Victorian studies is described in terms of scholarly projects that develop and employ digital methodologies and tools to remediate Victorian artifacts (including, but not only, the literary); the metacritical study of the relationship of the digital revolution to Victorian culture, involving a new focus on Victorian technology and print culture as systems of information, and often connected with media studies; and the employment of new digital approaches to interrogate Victorian texts, often based wholly or partly on quantitative research that responds to Franco Moretti's call for distant reading. The impact of the digital humanities on digital Victorian studies is mapped out, and the current major Victorian digital projects are introduced. In conclusion, there is an outline of the major changes in the conception of the book and of reading in response to advances in digital scholarship.
Rapport‐Building During Witness and Suspect Interviews: A Survey of Law Enforcement
Authors: Vallano Jonathan P. , Evans Jacqueline R. , Schreiber Compo Nadja , Kieckhaefer Jenna M.
Published: February 2015

Building rapport with adult witnesses and suspects is recommended by major investigative interviewing protocols (e.g., Cognitive Interview and the Army Field Manual in the USA and PEACE in the UK). Although recent research suggests that building rapport can sometimes benefit police investigations by increasing the accuracy of adult eyewitness reports and potentially enhance the diagnosticity of evidence obtained from suspects, little data exist regarding how law enforcement interviewers actually define and build rapport in real‐world investigations. To fill this void, the present study distributed a questionnaire containing open and closed‐ended questions to 123 law enforcement interviewers in police training courses to determine how they conceptualize and build rapport with adult interviewees. Results indicate that a majority of law enforcement interviewers define rapport as a positive relationship involving trust and communication, with a strong minority defining rapport as a ‘positive or negative’ relationship. Further, law enforcement interviewers reported building rapport with adult witnesses and suspects in a similar manner, often by using verbal techniques (e.g., discussing common interests via small talk) and non‐verbal techniques (e.g., displaying understanding via empathy and sympathy). Theoretical and applied implications of these results are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of p‐Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide with High Dispersion Stability by Using Red Table Wine
Authors: Kim Suk‐Joon , Lee Jang Mi , Kumer Roy Arup , Park Sung Young , Kim Sang Chun , In Insik
Published: February 2015

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with high dispersion stability and p‐type semiconducting property was synthesized by using environmentally friendly mussel‐inspired chemistry with red table wine. (+)‐Catechin and tannic acid, polyphenolic model compounds present in wine, were selected and successfully utilized for the synthesis of soluble polycatechol‐functionalized rGO.
Comparison of a Modified Mid‐Coronal Sectioning Technique and Wilson's Technique when Conducting Eye and Brain Examinations in Rabbit Teratology Studies
Authors: Ziejewski Mary K. , Solomon Howard M. , Rendemonti Joyce , Stanislaus Dinesh
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND

There are two methods used when examining fetal rabbit eyes and brain in teratology studies. One method employs prior fixation before serial sectioning (Wilson's technique) and the other uses fresh tissue (mid‐coronal sectioning).

METHODS

We modified the mid‐coronal sectioning technique to include removal of eyes and brain for closer examination and to increase the number of structures that can be evaluated and compared it to the Wilson's technique. We found that external examination of the head, in conjunction with either sectioning method, is equally sensitive in identifying developmental defects. We evaluated 40,401 New Zealand White (NZW) and Dutch‐Belted (DB) rabbit fetuses for external head alterations, of which 28,538 fetuses were further examined for eye and brain alterations using the modified mid‐coronal sectioning method (16,675 fetuses) or Wilson's technique (11,863 fetuses). The fetuses were from vehicle control or drug‐treated pregnant rabbits in embryo‐fetal development studies conducted to meet international regulatory requirements for the development of new drugs.

RESULTS

Both methods detected the more common alterations (microphthalmia and dilated lateral cerebral ventricles) and other less common findings (changes in size and/or shape of eye and brain structures).

CONCLUSIONS

While both methods are equally sensitive at detecting common and rare developmental defects, the modified mid‐coronal sectioning technique eliminates the use of chemicals and concomitant fixation artifacts that occur with the Wilson's technique and allows for examination of 100% intact fetuses thereby increasing potential for detecting eye and brain alterations as these findings occur infrequently in rabbits
Application of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based biosensor for detection of drug‐induced apoptosis in a 3D breast tumor model
Authors: Anand Padmaja , Fu Afu , Teoh Swee H. , Luo Kathy Q.
Published: February 2015

Two‐dimensional (2D) cultures are commonly used for testing drug effects largely because of their easy maintenance. But they do not represent the spatial interactions of the cells within a tumor. Three‐dimensional (3D) cultures can overcome those limitations thus mimicking the architecture of solid tumor. However, it is not easy to evaluate drug effects in 3D culture for a long time. This necessitates the development of a real‐time and longitudinal analysis of 3D platforms. In this study, we transfected the plasmid DNA encoding the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based biosensor into human breast cancer cells and generated two cell lines of MCF7‐C3 and MDA‐MB‐231‐C3 (231‐C3) cells. We used them to determine the activation of caspase‐3, whereby healthy cells appear green and apoptotic cells appear blue by FRET imaging. As the caspase sensors can be constantly produced within the cells and quickly respond to caspase activation, we hypothesized that these sensor cells will allow longitudinal detection of apoptosis. MCF7‐C3 and 231‐C3 spheroids were generated and subjected to histological examination, gene expression studies, drug treatment, and FRET analyses. Our results demonstrated that MCF7‐C3 cells formed tight 3D spheroids, and mimicked in vivo tumor architecture. The mRNA level of tumorigenic markers such as MMP‐9, SOX2, and OCT4A were much higher in cells cultured in 3D than in 2D. Finally, upon treatment with paclitaxel, the FRET effect was reduced at the rim of MCF7‐C3 spheroids in a dose and time‐dependent manner demonstrating these sensor cells can be used to determine drug‐induced apoptosis in a 3D set up. This study supports the possibility of developing a biosensor‐based in vitro 3D breast tumor model for determination of anti‐cancer drug penetration over a long course of time in a non‐invasive manner. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1673–1682. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.