bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CYP2C19 polymorphism and coronary in-stent restenosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pintaningrum Yusra , . Vitriyaturrida , Dewi Ivana Purnama , Putra Hendy Bhaskara Perdana , Mappangara Idar , Amir Muzakkir , Yusuf Irawan , Bukhari Agussalim
Published: August 2022

Background: In-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a major drawback in coronary stenting. The association between the CYP2C19 loss of function (LOF) gene and the prevalence of ISR after coronary stenting remains controversial. Previous studies have produced conflicting results and have been limited by their small population sizes. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between the presence of the CYP2C19 LOF gene and the prevalence of ISR.

Methods: A systematic online database search was performed until April 2021. The primary outcome was ISR and assessed using OR with 95% CI. Publication bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. I2 was applied to examine heterogeneities among the studies.

Results: A total of 284 patients (four non-randomized controlled trial studies) were included in this study. Two hundred and six patients had wild-type genotypes, while 78 patients had the LOF genotype. Among the 78 patients with the LOF gene, 40 patients had an ISR. Meanwhile, of the 206 patients with a wild-type gene, 69 patients had an ISR. The LOF gene was associated with a higher risk of ISR (OR 95% CI = 2.84 [1.54–5.24], p = 0.0008). A major limitation in our study was the small number of previous studies and small sample sizes.

Conclusions: Patients with LOF genes, regardless of the allele variation, treated with clopidogrel, had a higher risk of developing ISR after coronary stenting.
The effects of the ‘Our Love, Our Control’ online program on sexual health literacy (SHL) and behaviors in preventing unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among adolescents in agricultural areas during COVID-19 outbreak in Thailand
Authors: Thongnopakun Saowanee , Manwong Mereerat , Rodjarkpai Yuvadee , Wattanaburanon Aimutcha , Visanuyothin Sawitree
Published: August 2022

Background: This quasi-experimental study aimed to determine the effects of the ‘Our Love, Our Control’ online program on sexual health literacy and behaviors during the COVID-19 situation in Thailand from February 2020 to September 2021.

Methods: Multistage sampling resulted in 37 and 34 participants in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test/Chi-square test, and independent t-test/Mann-Whitney test were used to determine differences in sociodemographic variables between the experimental and control groups. Repeated measures of ANCOVA were used to compare the mean and 95% confidence intervals of the adjusted variables.

Results: From the results, adolescents who had sexual intercourse experience had statistically significant differences at the eighth week of score for behaviors (23.92; 95% CI: 16.56; 31.29), and at the eighth and at the twentieth week of score for sexual health literacy (43.55; 95% CI: 28.10; 59.00; and 19.35; 95% CI: 0.23; 38.48, respectively). However, adolescents who had no sexual intercourse experience had statistically significant differences only at the eighth week of score for sexual health literacy. (11.20; 95% CI: 3.79; 18.61).

Conclusions: These findings present a useful practical program to prevent unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, especially in sexually active adolescents.
Prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in students: A global systematic review
Authors: Roy Debendra Nath , Hossen Md. Mohabbot , Biswas Mohitosh , Islam Ekramul , Azam Md.Shah
Published: August 2022

Background: Examining the prevalence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy and understanding what motivates students to accept or reject a newly promoted vaccine has the potential in preventing rapid spread of infection and optimizing country-wide mass vaccination programs. This systematic review aimed to examine global COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among students, and to identify an up-to-date and concise assessment of most common factors influencing vaccine acceptance and hesitancy around the world.

Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed literatures indexed in reputable databases was performed. After obtaining the results via screening using PRISMA flow diagram, a total of 35 articles met the inclusion criteria and formed the basic structure of the study objectives.

Results: The results revealed that, the worldwide pooled COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rate was (x̅%)=29.8% (95% CI 23.37–36.23) among students. According to the country count assessment, the pooled vaccine hesitancy has been found to be ups and downs across the countries around the world such as  (x̅%)=32% (95% CI 20.04–43.97) in Asia, (x̅%)=(28.11%, 95% CI 18.83–37.40) in the United States, (x̅%)=15.59% (95% CI 8.23–22.95) in Europe, (x̅%)=55.93% (95% CI 40.31–71.55) in Africa, (x̅%)=20.4% in North America, and (x̅%)=22.5% in multi-ethnic areas in the reported student’s COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. In total, 10 key factors were identified. “Side effect” 45.41% (95% CI 29.68–61.14), “safety” 42.27% (95% CI 27.50–57.04), and “trust” 44.95%, (95% CI 26.51–63.39) were the overarching concerns in making students' vaccination decisions.

Conclusions: The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy varied among the students; however, vaccine acceptance or refusal relies on several socio-psychological, societal, and vaccine related factors. This study helps the vaccine policy-makers and health stakeholders gain a better understanding of COVID-19 vaccination drive and design the vaccine promotion strategies. Health educational interventions could be the most preferred approach to improve student’s adherence and knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccination consequences.
Mathematical model analysis and numerical simulation of intervention strategies to reduce transmission and re-activation of hepatitis B disease
Authors: Asfaw Wodajo Firaol , Tibebu Mekonnen Temesgen
Published: August 2022

Background: Because of its asymptomatic nature, the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) has become the most lethal and silent killer. In this research, we offer HBV virus transmission characteristics in the form of a mathematical model. We suggested and examined a seven-compartment compartmental nonlinear deterministic mathematical model for transmission dynamics with immigration and HBV reactivation after recovery, as well as control measures for Hepatitis B virus disease transmission. By considering the following facts and cases, this work will provide new knowledge. First, re-infection of HBV after liver transplantation, chemotherapy, and other therapies is one of the most essential aspects in HBV transmission, although reactivation of HBV was not taken into account in some compartmental models of HBV transmission. Furthermore, the exposure rate, immigration rate, and level of infectiousness of the chronic infective class were not given enough weight in the numerical assessment of the force of HBV infection. These facts influenced the development of our model. 

Methods: We demonstrated that the solution of the dynamical system under consideration is positive and bounded. The effective reproductive number that represents the epidemic indicator is generated from the biggest eigenvalue of the netgeneration matrix, and the model is examined qualitatively using differential equation stability theory. For disease-free and endemic equilibria, both local and global asymptotic stability criteria are determined. 

Results: A full explanation of the parameters and their numerical findings is presented and debated well based on the numerical simulation.

Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, vaccination and treatment interventions play a critical role in reducing HBV transmission and reproduction. It has also been demonstrated that HBV reactivation contributes significantly to an increase in theinfective population, which boosts virus transmission, and that a combination of vaccination and treatment will be the most effective strategy for controlling HBV infection and reinfection after recovery.
Potential for Paramedic roles in Irish General Practice: A qualitative study of stakeholder’s perspectives
Authors: Barry Tomás , Batt Alan , Agarwal Gina , Booker Matthew , Casey Mary , McCombe Geoff
Published: August 2022

Background: Irish health policy emphasises the role of Primary Care and General Practice however, there is a growing shortage of General Practitioners (GPs) in Ireland. Paramedics have traditionally focused on emergency care in the community. More recently Paramedics have taken on roles in General Practice in international jurisdictions, but not yet in Ireland. This study aimed to explore key stakeholder perceptions of ‘the potential for Paramedic roles in Irish General Practice’.

Methods: We conducted an exploratory, qualitative stakeholder consultation study incorporating in-depth semi structured telephone interviews followed by thematic analysis. Interviews were conducted with a total of eighteen participants that included six senior Paramedics (Advanced Paramedics), seven General Practitioners (GPs), three Practice Nurses and two Practice Managers.

Results: Participants in this study expressed polarised views on the potential for Paramedic roles in Irish General Practice. Paramedics were enthusiastic, highlighting opportunity for professional development and favourable working conditions. GPs, Practice Nurses and Managers were more circumspect and had concerns that Paramedic scope and skillset was not currently aligned to General Practice care. GPs, Practice Nurses and Managers emphasised a greater role for expanded General Practice Nursing. There were varied perceptions on what the potential role of a Paramedic in General Practice might entail, but consensus that Government support would be required to facilitate any potential developments.

Conclusions: The findings of this research can inform future development of novel roles in Irish General Practice and suggests that there is appetite from within the Paramedic profession to pursue such roles. A pilot demonstration project, grounded in an action research framework could address data gaps and potential concerns. Any future developments should occur in tandem with and with due consideration for the expansion of General Practice Nursing in Ireland.
Ranking of the Largest Russian Audit Organizations and Groups: Results of 2021
Authors: Khanferyan V.
Published: August 2022

The annual release of ratings of the largest Russian audit companies and groups, compiled by the RAEX rating agency based on the results of 2021, revealed the growth of this market. As for the prospects, industry leaders associate them with sanctions - earnings on bypassing them and overcoming the restrictions and problems that customers have encountered.
In the Interests of Protecting the National Interests of Russia
Authors: Smirnov E.
Published: August 2022

This spring, in the interest of protecting the national interests of the country, the Russian Parliament adopted a number of very important federal laws, including laws No. 67-FZ, No. 72-FZ and No. 74-FZ.
Alrededor de las narrativas victimales. Algunos paralelismos entre las víctimas del terrorismo y otros delitos graves en términos de justicia epistémica y resiliencia
Authors: Varona Gema
Published: August 2022

En las corrientes actuales de la Victimología cultural y narrativa, se destaca el papel de los testimonios narrativos de las víctimas directas e indirectas, ante los límites del conocimiento científico. Diversos autores subrayan su contribución para transmitir y entender las vivencias y experiencias, proyectadas en el tiempo, en relación con los procesos de victimización y reparación dentro de la sociedad. Mediante la selección de varios extractos de narrativas abiertas que ejemplifican dichas experiencias, dentro y fuera de España, en este texto se exploran ciertos paralelismos y diferencias entre los relatos de las víctimas del terrorismo y las víctimas de otros delitos graves, bajo una interpretación crítica de los conceptos de justicia epistémica y resiliencia, ambos en un sentido interdisciplinar.
El asesinato de Carrero Blanco. Historia, teorías conspirativas y ficción
Authors: Fernández Soldevilla Gaizka , García Varela Pablo
Published: August 2022

El 20 de diciembre de 1973 un atentado de ETA acabó con las vidas del presidente del Gobierno franquista, su chófer y su escolta. Tuvo importantes consecuencias tanto para la dictadura como para la banda terrorista. Basándose en las fuentes disponibles, los historiadores han elaborado un relato bastante verosímil de los acontecimientos. Sin embargo, el hecho de que ETA hubiese logrado asesinar a una figura tan prominente, algunos cabos sueltos en la investigación policial y la ausencia de una sentencia dieron pie a todo tipo de especulaciones. Además, el caso de Carrero Blanco ha inspirado narraciones de calidad desigual. En este trabajo examinamos la interrelación entre historia, teorías de la conspiración y ficción alrededor del atentado
Una historia de sombra y de tiniebla. El caso almería (1981)
Authors: Muñoz Bolaños Roberto
Published: August 2022

En esta investigación se explican las causas que desencadenaron el llamado “Caso Almería”. Un suceso que supuso la tortura y el asesinato de tres jóvenes –Luis Cobo Mier, Juan Mañas Morales y Luis Montero García– por unos guardias civiles tras confundirlos con miembros de la organización terrorista Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA). Para elaborarla, se ha utilizado documentación de diferentes archivos, testimonios orales como el del teniente general Andrés Cassinello Pérez, así como las noticias de prensa sobre este acontecimiento. La conclusión obtenida es que no se trató de un caso de terrorismo de Estado, sino de una acción vindicativa e incontrolada de miembros de la Guardia Civil, vinculada con el atentado de ETA contra el teniente general Joaquín de Valenzuela, y encubierta por los mandos de este cuerpo policial y el propio gobierno.
Anasheed del Estado Islámico versus canciones contra el terrorismo. Hacia la deslegitimación de la violencia desde la música
Authors: González Laura
Published: August 2022

El objeto de estudio en este trabajo es la respuesta que algunos cantantes y grupos de música han dado al terrorismo perpetrado por el autodenominado “Estado Islámico”, con especial atención a determinadas canciones producidas entre 2015 y 2017. Asimismo, se analiza si las canciones seleccionadas tienen una función social de deslegitimación de este tipo de violencia. Para ello, primero se expone cuál es la concepción que la organización yihadista tiene sobre la música: sus anasheed y los atentados perpetrados contra el sector de la música, especialmente el occidental. Después, se analiza la respuesta de cantantes y grupos de música a dichos atentados.
Agua potable y servicio público de acueducto: treinta años de constitucionalización. Una apuesta por la dignidad humana y la igualdad material
Authors: Moncayo Córdoba Melissa
Published: August 2022

El derecho al agua potable y el servicio público de acueducto necesitan criterios para analizar su constitucionalización, mediante la jurisprudencia. De ahí que este libro se enfoque en cinco de ellos, mediante estadísticas, consultas realizadas a derechos de petición y estudio doctrinal: 1) el enfoque del juez constitucional: según el precedente ¿en el área bajo estudio prima el derecho sustancial o existe mayor discrecionalidad del Estado, del Legislador y del Ejecutivo? 2) La categorización del derecho: ¿cuál es la naturaleza del derecho? 3) El mecanismo de defensa judicial: ¿las acciones constitucionales son procedentes? ¿Existe un mecanismo de defensa judicial especial? 4) La definición del contenido: ¿existen subreglas constitucionales consolidadas? ¿Repercuten en el ordenamiento jurídico? 5) tipos de medidas: ¿las decisiones tienen efectos inmediatos o tienden a ser mixtas, con órdenes de inmediato, mediano y largo plazo y con incidencia en las políticas públicas?
Chocolate, política y construcción de paz. Una etnografía de la Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó, Colombia
Authors: Burnyeat Gwen
Published: August 2022

Este libro narra la historia de la Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó, una emblemática organización campesina de víctimas, que se declaró ‘neutral’ frente al conflicto armado interno colombiano en la región de Urabá, en el noroccidente de Colombia. Revela dos narrativas centrales de la identidad colectiva de la Comunidad, llamadas ‘radical’ y ‘orgánica’ por Burnyeat. Estas narrativas son los marcos interpretativos históricamente constituidos mediante los cuales los miembros de la Comunidad perciben respectivamente al Estado colombiano y la relación que tienen con sus entornos natural y social. En conjunto, estas dos narrativas configuran una identidad colectiva por medio de la cual los miembros se conciben como una ‘comunidad alternativa’, lo que constituye una concepción singular de construcción de paz desde la base. Este estudio, centrado en el proyecto socioeconómico de cultivo de cacao orgánico impulsado por la Comunidad, ofrece una manera innovadora de abordar organizaciones de víctimas y movimientos sociales a través de perspectivas políticas y antropológicas críticas y posmodernas. Es una lectura fundamental para etnógrafos e historiadores latinoamericanos y para todos aquellos interesados en la resolución de conflictos y la justicia transicional.
What does consent look like in early years?
Authors: Davies Dawn
Published: August 2022

Early years teacher, Dawn Davies explores the meaning of consent and how it has changed the ethos of her setting to value the voice of the unique child. Using intimate care as a focal point, she explores attitudes and factors that she experienced which shaped how her team has transformed the setting into one that places consent and wellbeing as the foundations of best practice.
Challenges and learning from its first year
Authors: Meechan David
Published: August 2022

This articles questions the impact the RBA is having on educational provision, children and families, and it shares insight into how educators have managed to constructively navigate the changes that come with this statutory assessment.
Colour vs natural
Authors: England Laura
Published: August 2022

This first article in the ‘curate your curriculum’ series looks at aesthetics, specifically taking a critical reflective stance on the use of colour vs a more natural look when it comes to early years environments. This critical reflection comes from a personal journey in early years practice.
Gender formation and fluidity
Authors: Martin Maryanne
Published: August 2022

Gender formation is not simple, in fact Maryanne shares with us that it is a fluid process, and for children in the early years this can be particularly challenging to not only experience but also navigate for themselves. This is the first article in a series looking at research into young children's experiences of gender.
Professional Book Reviews
Authors: Celinska Angelica , Marycz Adam , Hewson Claire
Published: August 2022

From Characteristics of Effective Early Learning to Bringing Hygge into the Early Years, there's a lot to reflect on as well as to implement into practice from these professional texts.
Second Ray Amputation in Diabetic Foot – Functionally Better than Proximal Foot Amputations, but Beware of Charcot Arthropathy: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Gupta Amit , Menon Aditya , Rodrigues Camilla , Sunavala Ayesha , Agashe Vikas
Published: August 2022

Introduction:Lower limb amputations secondary to diabetic foot infection/osteomyelitis (OM) are the most common cause for non-traumatic amputations of the lower extremity. Hind/midfoot amputations are commonly done for metatarsal (MT) OM. They are, however, associated with higher complication and revision rates and often lead to below knee amputation. In comparison, distal/forefoot toe disarticulation/ray amputation (R amp) have lesser revision rates/complications and give better functional outcome. Here, we report a case of 2nd R amp with an uncommon complication. Case Report:A 42-year-old male with uncontrolled diabetes and bilateral diabetic neuropathy presented with discharging sinus over plantar aspect of the left foot since 1 week. There was no evidence of underlying OM on MRI. Wound healed with soft-tissue debridement and empirical antibiotics (culture negative) for 2 weeks. Re-debridement was done for a wound gape 6 weeks later. Infection resolved with targeted antibiotics (oral ciprofloxacin and doxycycline) for Enterobacter cloacae given for 1 month. Six months later, he developed pain and swelling in the left foot following prolonged barefoot walking and possible injury with a stone. There was local redness, swelling, and a plantar sinus. MRI revealed septic arthritis of the left 2nd metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, OM of the 2nd MT head, and an encapsulated soft-tissue abscess. Aggressive debridement with 2nd R amp and careful separation of encapsulated abscess was done leaving behind base of 2nd MT to maintain stability of the Lisfranc joint. Wound healed primarily. Targeted antibiotics for Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus were given for 6 weeks. Good diabetic control and avoiding bare foot walking were advised and he is infection free, fully functional, and asymptomatic at 36 months. However, he was noted to have developed valgus deformity of the midfoot secondary to Charcot osteoarthropathy of the Lisfranc joints at 36 months follow-up, involving 1st, 3rd, and 4th TMT joints. The other foot did not show any evidence of Charcot arthropathy. Conclusion:Recurrent wound infections with subsequent OM are a common feature of diabetic foot. R amps have better functional outcomes with preserved foot stability, shorter length of hospitalization, and associated costs as compared to hind/midfoot amputations. They may, however, develop Charcot osteoarthropathy due to the void between adjoining MTs resulting in altered forces across the Lisfranc joints. Surgeons must beware of this complication, especially following R amps and monitor these patients with serial clinical and radiographic examination.
A Unique Case of Recurrent Osteochondroma Enclosing Brachial Artery in a 13-Year-Old Female
Authors: Kale Sachin Yashwant , Mehra Shivam , Gunjotikar Aditya , Patil Raju , Dhabalia Pratik , Singh Sushmit
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Osteochondromas (OCEs) are benign chondrogenic lesions arising on the external surface of the bone with aberrant cartilage (exostosis) from the perichondral ring that may contain a marrow cavity also. In few cases, depending on the anatomical site affected, different degrees of edema, redness, paresthesia, or paresis can take place due to simple contact or friction. Furthermore, depending on their closeness to neurovascular structures, the procedure of excision becomes crucial to avoid recurrence. We report a unique case of recurrent OCE of the proximal humerus enclosing the brachial artery which makes for an important case and procedure to ensure that no relapse occurs. Case Report: We report a unique case of a 13-year-old female who had presented with a history of pain and recurrent swelling for 5 years. The swelling size was 4.4 cm × 3.7 cm × 4 cm with a previous history of swelling at the same site operated in 2018. Conclusion: This case report demonstrates that when presented with a case of recurrent OCE of the proximal humerus, doing proper excision of the tumor is crucial to prevent its relapse.
Pump-probe strategy for instantaneous 2D detection of CH3 in flames using a single laser
Authors: Han Lei , Gao Qiang , Li Bo , Li Zhongshan
Published: August 2022

Visualization of the reaction zone of flames using CH radicals as markers is restricted by the low concentration of CH in fuel-lean conditions. To address this, methyl radicals (

C
H

3

) are employed as a substitution of CH in premixed methane/air flames. A pump-probe method was adopted with the pump laser photolyzing

C
H

3

and the probe laser detecting the photolyzed CH (

X

2

Π

) fragments. Laser excitation scans were performed to ensure that the fluorescence detected was from CH only. Visualization of the reaction zone of flames was accomplished by a

C
H

3

photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence technique in fuel-lean conditions (the equivalence ratio of 0.4), where CH planar laser-induced fluorescence did not work in both laminar and turbulent jet flames. The proposed pump-probe method of

C
H

3

can be used to visualize the reaction zone of hydrocarbon combustion under both fuel-lean and fuel-rich conditions with a superior signal-to-noise ratio.
Surface temperature measurement of cooling and heating droplets by rainbow refractometry
Authors: Lv Qimeng , Wu Yingchun , Wu Xuecheng
Published: August 2022

Rainbow refractometry was used to measure the temperature and size of transparent spherical particles. In practice, however, there are limitations to the application of heating and cooling droplets, as the temperature measured is neither the average nor the surface or core temperature of the droplet. Reported here is an exploitation of this technique for droplet surface temperature determination. Droplet surface tension was measured by detecting the evolution of interference fringes of oscillating droplets. The dependence of surface tension on temperature facilitated the study of surface temperature of an evaporating droplet with time. Moving ethanol,

n

-heptane, and

n

-decane droplets were investigated under heating and cooling conditions. The capabilities and limitations of rainbow refractometry were verified by comparing the droplet temperature values measured directly by rainbow refractometry with the surface temperature.
Mobile bioluminescence tomography-guided system for pre-clinical radiotherapy research
Authors: Deng Zijian , Xu Xiangkun , Iordachita Iulian , Dehghani Hamid , Zhang Bin , Wong John W. , Wang Ken Kang-Hsin
Published: August 2022

Due to low imaging contrast, a widely-used cone-beam computed tomography-guided small animal irradiator is less adept at localizing in vivo soft tissue targets. Bioluminescence tomography (BLT), which combines a model of light propagation through tissue with an optimization algorithm, can recover a spatially resolved tomographic volume for an internal bioluminescent source. We built a novel mobile BLT system for a small animal irradiator to localize soft tissue targets for radiation guidance. In this study, we elaborate its configuration and features that are indispensable for accurate image guidance. Phantom and in vivo validations show the BLT system can localize targets with accuracy within 1 mm. With the optimal choice of threshold and margin for target volume, BLT can provide a distinctive opportunity for investigators to perform conformal biology-guided irradiation to malignancy.
Physics-enhanced neural network for phase retrieval from two diffraction patterns
Authors: Li Rujia , Pedrini Giancarlo , Huang Zhengzhong , Reichelt Stephan , Cao Liangcai
Published: August 2022

In this work, we propose a physics-enhanced two-to-one Y-neural network (two inputs and one output) for phase retrieval of complex wavefronts from two diffraction patterns. The learnable parameters of the Y-net are optimized by minimizing a hybrid loss function, which evaluates the root-mean-square error and normalized Pearson correlated coefficient on the two diffraction planes. An angular spectrum method network is designed for self-supervised training on the Y-net. Amplitudes and phases of wavefronts diffracted by a USAF-1951 resolution target, a phase grating of 200 lp/mm, and a skeletal muscle cell were retrieved using a Y-net with 100 learning iterations. Fast reconstructions could be realized without constraints or a priori knowledge of the samples.
Assessing perceptions of establishing a vaccine pooled procurement mechanism for the Western Pacific Region
Authors: Abou-Nader Alice , Heffelfinger James D. , Amarasinghe Ananda , Nelson E. Anthony S.
Published: August 2022

This study explored the demand and interest among countries in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WPR) to establish and participate in a regional vaccine pooled procurement mechanism. National counterparts affiliated with Ministries of Health that are involved in the national procurement of vaccines within the WPR were identified and invited to complete surveys. Out of 80 counterparts invited, 17 (21%) responded, representing 13 of the 27 WPR countries. Five countries expressed interest in participating in a regional pooled procurement mechanism, 3 expressed lack of interest and 5 did not respond to the question. Preferred characteristics of the procurement mechanism, included flexible participation (i.e. non-compulsory), payment in local currency before receipt of goods and a fixed price for vaccines (i.e. not tiered pricing). Vaccine pricing disparities were noted among upper middle-income and high-income countries for five of the 13 routine vaccines surveyed. Eight countries listed budget planning, quality of vaccines, timely delivery, cost-saving and payment after receipt as potential benefits of pooled procurement.
System dynamics analysis on the effectiveness of vaccination and social mobilization policies for COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Chou Shuo-Yan , Yu Tiffany Hui-Kuang , Rizqi Zakka Ugih , Hang Dinh Thi
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant public health and economic challenges worldwide. Various health and non-pharmaceutical policies have been adopted by different countries to control the spread of the virus. To shed light on the impact of vaccination and social mobilization policies during this wide-ranging crisis, this paper applies a system dynamics analysis on the effectiveness of these two types of policies on pandemic containment and the economy in the United States. Based on the simulation of different policy scenarios, the findings are expected to help decisions and mitigation efforts throughout this pandemic and beyond.
Impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on physical activity of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices—A remote monitoring study
Authors: Huttelmaier Moritz T. , Gabel Alexander , Seewald Maria , Jungbauer Carsten , Frantz Stefan , Störk Stefan , Fischer Thomas H.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and frequency of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapies of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices.

Methods and results

Physical activity, heart rate and ICD-therapies were assessed via routine remote monitoring over two years. We focussed on a 338-day period during COVID-19 pandemic that was divided in 6 time-intervals defined by public health interventions and compared to the previous regular year. Paired nonparametric longitudinal analysis was performed to detect differences between time-intervals. To model effects of age, sex and time we applied a nonparametric ANOVA-type-statistic. 147 patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices were analysed. Longitudinal analysis of physical activity in 2019 and 2020 showed a specific weekly and seasonal pattern. Physical activity was reduced during the pandemic (mean daily physical activity 2019: 12.4% vs. 2020: 11.5%; p<0.0001) with the strongest reductions (fold changes 0.885/0.889, p<0.0001/p<0.0001) during the two lockdown-periods. In older patients (>70 years), physical activity was decreased in every time-interval of the year 2020. In time-intervals of eased restrictions, physical activity of younger patients (≤70 years) was not different compared to 2019. No variation in mean heart rate, arrhythmia-burden and count of ICD-therapies was found.

Conclusion

Physical activity shows fluctuations dependent on days of the week and time of the year. During the pandemic, physical activity was reduced in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices with the strongest reductions during lockdown-periods. Younger patients resumed former levels of physical activity in times of eased restrictions while older patients remained less active. Thus, activation of the elderly population is important to prevent long-term health impairments due to the pandemic.
Effect of different lithological assemblages on shale reservoir properties in the Permian Longtan Formation, southeastern Sichuan Basin: Case study of Well X1
Authors: Cao Qian , Ye Xin , Liu Yan , Wang Pengwei , Jiang Ke
Published: August 2022

Various types of marine-continental transitional facies are present in the gas-bearing shales of the southeastern Sichuan Basin. A review of the different lithological assemblages in these rocks is important for assessing the likely shale gas content and the development of the storage space. This study of the lithological assemblages of the Permian Longtan Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin at Well X1 used core observations, optical thin-section observations, Ar-ion polishing, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption tests to compare and analyze storage space types and pore structures in the shale to determine the sedimentary paleoenvironment, petromineralogy, and organic content. The marine-continental transitional facies in the study area were deposited in a warm climate that favored enrichment by organic matter. The kerogen is type II2-III (average vitrinite reflectance 2.66%), which is within the favorable thermal maturity range for the presence of shale gas. The lithology mainly consists of shale, siltstone, and limestone (with bioclasts), as well as a coal seam. The lithological development divides the Longtan Formation into lower (swamp), middle (tidal flat/lagoon), and upper (delta) sub-members. From lower to upper divisions, the lithofacies evolved from silty shale to clay shale and then to shale intercalated with siltstone or calcareous layers. The proportions of intergranular and dissolution pores in the clay minerals decrease gradually from lower to upper sub-members, and pore size sizes also tend to decrease. Relatively large-diameter pores and microfractures occur in the inorganic matter in the lowest sub-member. Quartz and clay are the main constituents of the shale, respectively contributing to the specific surface area and specific pore volume of the reservoir space.
Timely administration of tocilizumab improves outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Rutgers Abraham , Westerweel Peter E. , van der Holt Bronno , Postma Simone , van Vonderen Marit G. A. , Piersma Djura P. , Postma Douwe , van den Berge Maarten , Jong Eefje , de Vries Marten , van der Burg Leonie , Huugen Dennis , van der Poel Marjolein , Kampschreur Linda M. , Nijland Marcel , Strijbos Jaap H. , Tamminga Menno , Mutsaers Pim G. N. J. , Schol-Gelok Suzanne , Dijkstra-Tiekstra Margriet , Sidorenkov Grigory , Vincenten Julien , van Geffen Wouter H. , Knoester Marjolein , Kosterink Jos , Gans Reinold , Stegeman Coen , Huls Gerwin , van Meerten Tom
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of early tocilizumab treatment for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease.

Methods

Open-label randomized phase II clinical trial investigating tocilizumab in patients with proven COVID-19 admitted to the general ward and in need of supplemental oxygen. The primary endpoint of the study was 30-day mortality with a prespecified 2-sided significance level of α = 0.10. A post-hoc analysis was performed for a combined endpoint of mechanical ventilation or death at 30 days. Secondary objectives included comparing the duration of hospital stay, ICU admittance and duration of ICU stay and the duration of mechanical ventilation.

Results

A total of 354 patients (67% men; median age 66 years) were enrolled of whom 88% received dexamethasone. Thirty-day mortality was 19% (95% CI 14%-26%) in the standard arm versus 12% (95% CI: 8%-18%) in the tocilizumab arm, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.62 (90% CI 0.39–0.98; p = 0.086). 17% of patients were admitted to the ICU in each arm (p = 0.89). The median stay in the ICU was 14 days (IQR 9–28) in the standard arm versus 9 days (IQR 5–14) in the tocilizumab arm (p = 0.014). Mechanical ventilation or death at thirty days was 31% (95% CI 24%-38%) in the standard arm versus 21% (95% CI 16%-28%) in the tocilizumab arm, HR = 0.65 (95% CI 0.42–0.98; p = 0.042).

Conclusions

This randomized phase II study supports efficacy for tocilizumab when given early in the disease course in hospitalized patients who need oxygen support, especially when concomitantly treated with dexamethasone.

Trial registration

https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8504.
The Museum in Quarantine: Architecture, Experience and the Virtual Museum
Authors: Wasielewski Amanda
Published: August 2022

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, beginning in early 2020, were felt across all industries and public institutions, including art museums. Shuttered art museums sought to maintain public interest in their collections and exhibitions by promoting existing online tools, such as the virtual art museum tours hosted by Google Arts & Culture. This article analyses these tours from the perspective of museology and architecture and argues that, rather than a form of virtual reality, these tours are a peculiar kind of image database. As such, they are part of Google’s growing efforts towards mass digitization and data accumulation.
Wiersz wolny jako tekst graficzny – w przekładzie: Reverdy i Pound
Authors: Sadowski Witold
Published: August 2022

Wiersz wolny jest rozumiany w artykule jako tekst graficzny, czyli jako technika operująca układem znaków pisma na stronie. Na materiale poezji Reverdiego i Pounda analizowany jest problem tłumaczenia tak pojmowanej wersyfikacji na języki obce. Zostaje postawiona teza, że za nieporozumienia wynikające z rozbieżności między strukturą oryginalną i przyjętą w przekładzie odpowiadają silne utrwalone w kulturze przeświadczenia o melodycznej formie wiersza wolnego. Zarazem rozważania nad specyficzną pozycją translatora tekstu graficznego prowadzą do ustalenia powodów, dla których niekiedy decyduje się on werbalizować semantykę wersyfikacji, a słowa oryginału tłumaczyć za pomocą układu graficznego.
„Jest nas już trzysta tysięcy”. Autotematyczne spojrzenie na słuchaczy i wykonawców w polskich piosenkach bigbeatowych z lat 60. i początku lat 70. XX wieku
Authors: Mamczur Patryk
Published: August 2022

Autor skupia się na polskiej muzyce bigbeatowej z lat 60. i początku lat 70. XX wieku. Analizując teksty wybranych utworów z tego okresu, wskazuje na występujący w nich autotematyzm – prezentuje różne sposoby, na jakie wykonawcy bigbeatowi wypowiadali się w piosenkach o swoich słuchaczach, o samych sobie i o muzyce młodzieżowej jako zjawisku. Wykorzystuje przy tym zarówno utwory popularnych zespołów, jak i mniej znanych, lokalnych grup. Rozważania umieszczone są w szerszym kontekście społecznym i politycznym, a źródła muzyczne uzupełniono cytatami z ówczesnej prasy, wypowiedziami polityków oraz organizatorów życia kulturalnego. Autor wykazuje, że autotematyzm obecny w tekstach piosenek bigbeatowych świadczy o sporej samoświadomości polskich artystów w omawianym okresie.
„Hee Haw”. Performanse śpiewu i tekstów songów Nicka Cave’a z formacją The Birthday Party na płycie The Birthday Party (1980)
Authors: Tański Paweł
Published: August 2022

W artykule podjęto próbę interpretacji aspektów performatywnych śpiewu i tekstów piosenek Nicka Cave’a oraz autorstwa gitarzysty Rowlanda Stuarta Howarda (1959–2009), a także Micka Harveya, Vincenta Eugene’a Craddocka (znanego jako Gene Vincent) i Billa Davisa (właściwie: William Douchette) z albumu śpiewającego pianisty z grupą The Birthday Party The Birthday Party (1980). Studium, wpisując się w nurt rock song lyrics studies, jest recepcyjnym śladem i refleksją nad początkami drogi twórczej wybitnego autora tekstów piosenek oraz kompozytora muzyki rockowej i wokalisty, obdarzonego interesującym głosem. Teza prezentowanej pracy jest następująca: pochodzący z Australii wokalista od pierwszych nagrań z zespołem The Boys Next Door (płyta Door, Door z roku 1979) pisze utwory o miłości, bólu i samotności, a przede wszystkim każdy kolejny krążek autora Into My Arms to zapis doświadczenia tęsknoty, nie inaczej jest zatem i w przypadku omawianego tutaj albumu, który wyraża żal i smutek – uczucia autora/piosenkarza, „ja” opowiadającego/śpiewającego, persony tekstowo-muzycznej, czy inaczej mówiąc – piosenkowego podmiotu performatywnego. Śpiew Nicka Cave’a można określić jako metaforę habitusu punkowych miniatur piosenkowych, będących tekstowymi i głosowymi ekspresjami buntu, w których dominuje ironia, konstytutywną zasadą poetyki tych utworów zaś jest groteska.
O doświadczeniu akuzmatycznym w poezji. Słuchanie świata w Szybkim wierszu Adama Zagajewskiego oraz Kontrapunkcie Stanisława Barańczaka
Authors: Reimann-Czajkowska Aleksandra
Published: August 2022

Artykuł zatytułowany „O doświadczeniu akuzmatycznym w poezji. Słuchanie świata w Szybkim wierszu Adama Zagajewskiego oraz Kontrapunkcie Stanisława Barańczaka” wpisuje się w problematykę intermedialności, szczególnie zaś koncentruje się na muzyczno-literackich relacjach w tekstach poetyckich, które łączy „muzyka w okolicznościach lirycznych” (Iwona Puchalska). Szkic jest próbą wsłuchania się w intertekstualny dialog, jaki nawiązuje się między wierszami, w których najważniejszym doświadczeniem podmiotu jest słuchanie muzyki (Wariacji dla Goldberga J.S. Bacha w wierszu Barańczaka i chorału gregoriańskiego w wierszu Zagajewskiego). W interpretowanych utworach logos i melos to sfery nierozłączne, wzajemnie się przenikające, które organizują fikcyjną przestrzeń tekstów, będąc zarazem punktem wyjścia do rozważań o charakterze egzystencjalnym. Słuchanie przynosi tym razem nowy rodzaj zmysłowego odbioru (i porządkowania) rzeczywistości, w której także doświadczenie przeciwieństw może prowadzić do utęsknionej Harmonii.
Identification of active compounds in Ophiopogonis Radix from different geographical origins by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with GC-MS approaches
Authors: Zha Xiaoyu , Li Gaowen , Zhang Ling , Chen Qun , Xia Qing
Published: August 2022

Ophiopogonis Radix, also known as Maidong in Chinese, is largely produced in the Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces: “Chuan-maidong (CMD)” and “Zhe-maidong (ZMD),” respectively. This study aimed to distinguish and evaluate the quality of CMD and ZMD. In this study, the tubers of CMD and ZMD were investigated using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, GC-MS, and LC-MS methods, respectively. Overall, steroidal saponins, homoisoflavonoids, amino acids, and nucleosides were quickly identified. Furthermore, multivariate statistical analysis revealed that CMD and ZMD could be separated. Moreover, CMD showed higher levels of 4-aminobutanoic acid, glycine, l-proline, monoethanolamine, and serine than ZMD. Besides, the levels of chlorogenic acid, traumatic acid, cytidine, cadaverine, pyridoxine 5-phosphate, glutinone, and pelargonidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-d-glucoside) were remarkably higher in ZMD than in CMD. Furthermore, these different constituents were mainly associated with galactose metabolism; starch and sucrose metabolism; cysteine and methionine metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; and glycerophospholipid metabolism. In general, these results showed many differences between the bioactive chemical constituents of Ophiopogon japonicus from different production areas, where ZMD performed better in the quality assessment than CMD, and that UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, GC-MS, and LC-MS are effective methods to discriminate medicinal herbs from different production areas.
Global weak solution of 3D-NSE with exponential damping
Authors: Benameur Jamel
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we prove the global existence of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with damping

α

(

e

β
∣
u

∣

2

−
1

)

u

\alpha \left({e}^{\beta | u{| }^{2}}-1)u

, where we use the Friedrich method and some new tools. The delicate problem in the construction of a global solution is the passage to the limit in exponential nonlinear term. To solve this problem, we use a polynomial approximation of the damping part and a new type of interpolation between

L

∞

(

R

+

,

L

2

(

R

3

)

)

{L}^{\infty }\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{+},{L}^{2}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{3}))

and the space of functions

f

f

such that

(

e

β
∣
f

∣

2

−
1

)

∣
f

∣

2

∈

L

1

(

R

+

×

R

3

)

\left({e}^{\beta | f{| }^{2}}-1)| f{| }^{2}\in {L}^{1}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{+}\times {{\mathbb{R}}}^{3})

. Fourier analysis and standard techniques are used.
Identity and heritage language learning: a case study of two mixed-heritage Korean university students in New Zealand
Authors: Park Mi Yung , Chung Katalina
Published: August 2022

This narrative case study examines the identity development of two mixed-heritage (Korean/White and Korean/Japanese) university students in relation to Korean as a heritage language (HL) in New Zealand. The narratives of the two participants (Mia and Hannah) revealed that they grew up with different levels of exposure to the HL, which impacted their HL proficiency, and experienced different struggles with identity construction. While Mia’s White appearance helped her explore multiple ethnic/cultural identities, Hannah was deemed completely non-White by White New Zealanders, assigned a minority “Asian” identity, and subjected to racial discrimination. The dominant group’s confusion about intra-race mixedness and perceptions of Hannah as non-mixed complicated her situation. Hannah had little access to a majority heritage (New Zealander) identity, but also found her specific heritage identities occluded by an imposed single (“Asian”) identity. Nonetheless, on entering university both participants showed a strong desire to embrace their Koreanness through HL education or socialization with coethnic peers. HL learning played a crucial role in their construction of mixed-heritage identity; for Mia, the HL was valuable social capital, while for Hannah, the HL was a means of claiming her ethnic identity. This study highlights the complexity and plurality of mixed-heritage identities and offers implications for educators.
Electrical tunable topological valley photonic crystals for on-chip optical communications in the telecom band
Authors: Qi Zhipeng , Hu Guohua , Deng Chunyu , Sun Hao , Sun Yaohui , Li Ying , Liu Bo , Bai Yu , Chen Shuaidong , Cui Yiping
Published: August 2022

On-chip optical communications are in increasingly demand for low-loss, small-footprint and power-efficient waveguiding solutions in the telecom band. However, most integrated optical circuits suffer from high propagation loss and low integration degree. Through manipulating the valley-dependent topological phase of light, we have experimentally demonstrated both robust optical transport and electrical modulation of lightwaves at telecom wavelengths in the valley photonic crystals. With the adoption of valley kink states, the 25 Gbit/s optical signal at 1550 nm is successfully transmitted through a highly twisted interface. Furthermore, an extreme high data rate of 100 Gbit/s is demonstrated with such topological waveguide by wavelength division multiplexing. The electrical tunability of the topological modulators based on thermo-optic effect is also verified, opening a novel route towards active valley kink photonic devices. Our study shows a great possibility of making use of the topological protection in building up high-speed datalinks on a chip.