bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of Covid-19 on the finances of multinational enterprises from the perspective of Balance of Payments transactions
Authors: Andrzejczak Monika
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The analysis of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the finances of economic entities from the perspective of the structure of financing, investments and dividend policy. Design/methodology/approach: The research covered the countries of the EU, due to the specific type of ties between these countries. Research stages: 1. Classification of countries in terms of the selected IIP and the BP statistics and macroeconomic data in 2018–2019 (pre-pandemic period), average levels for 2018–2019 in relation to GDP; 2. Presentation of the development of selected monthly BP statistics during the pandemic period (from January 2020), in terms of: (i) changes in the share of GDP (first half of 2020 in relation to the first half of 2019); (ii) year on year changes. Research methodology: data source: Eurostat, annual, quarterly, and monthly data in million EUR, the collected statistics were adjusted to the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP). Findings: At the end of November 2020, it is difficult to identify the pattern of changes to the flows of the discussed categories based on the analysis of information from the pre-pandemic period. Practical implications: The creation of a“new” division between the EU countries as a result of Covid-19 may result in a change in the priorities of functioning within the entire Union and in a change in the rules of redistribution of the EU funds. Originality and value: An original way of framing decisions on capital structure, investment decisions and dividend policy through the prism of the Balance of Payments flows.
Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on sport, video game, and tourism industry: Sentiment analysis of press, internet articles, and Twitter data
Authors: Bryl Łukasz , Majewska Justyna , Truskolaski Szymon
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The chapter examines the extent and level of the pandemic impact on sport, video game, and tourism industry by analyzing the emotional narration of articles related to Covid-19 effects on these industries so as to assess and predict the situation of industries during the pandemic and in the following years, but also to explain sources of positive sentiment for a given industry. Design/methodology/approach: The study provides a sentiment analysis of the global disclosure of the Covid-19 pandemic in the press, online articles, and social media (Twitter) with the use of three independent R packages. The final sample consisted of 142 articles; the oldest was published on January 23, 2020, whereas the newest one on October 14, 2020. Findings: Sentiment analysis revealed that the emotional tinge of the articles is much more positive for video games and soccer than in the case of tourism. In the case of video games and soccer, positive emotions such as “trust” or “anticipation” prevailed over much more common emotions of “fear” and “sadness” used about tourism. The impact of the pandemic was similar for video games and soccer, which was a mixture of negative and positive events. Research limitations/implications: Further research should use other resources such as the mass media or other data sources in addition to social media information and include a long-term analysis divided into stages of the pandemic as reactions and moods have been changing over time. Moreover, the factors influencing the perception of situations in different sectors of the economy should be identified in future research. Practical implications: The use of sentiment analysis shows that such quantification may be performed for new social phenomena before any hard (e.g., financial) data are available. Social implications: An approximation was obtained for quantifying the societal “general feeling” with regards to specific sectors affected by the pandemic. Originality and value: The chapter compares the response to the pandemic crisis of different sectors that reveal the sentiment contributing to the growth or difficulties of a given industry. The use of sentiment analysis enabled us to assess and predict the situation of industries during the pandemic before the hard and comprehensive data will occur.
The Polish logistics real estate market as a link in international supply chains during the Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Budner Waldemar W.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The aim of the study is to determine the emerging trends of changes related to the situation of uncertainty and increased risk in supply chains, and at the same time limiting the negative effects of the epidemic on the logistics industry. Design/methodology/approach: The study focuses on the analysis of changes in the logistics real estate market in Poland. The analysis period covers the years 2004–2020. The data used here comes from reports from real estate advisory companies and Statistics Poland. Findings: The last dozen or so years has been aperiod of dynamic development in the Polish market of logistic space and facilities. The year 2019 turned out to be arecord year in the history of the market in terms of the increase in warehouse space and Poland has become the sixth biggest warehouse market in Europe. The year 2020 and SARS-CoV-2 has brought a lot of uncertainty about the future, and the recession has become afact. Practical implications: More than half a year after the outbreak of the pandemic, several emerging trends of changes related to the situation of uncertainty and increased risk in supply chains, as well as approaches to limit the negative effects of the epidemic on the logistics industry, can be observed. These include: an increase in e-commerce preferences in relation to traditional trade; increase in stock levels; relocation of production sites. Originality and value: The observed phenomena indicate moderate optimism and the resilience of the logistics industry in the medium term. In turn, in the long run, production can be expected to be relocated to closer areas (domestic or European) in order to shorten the supply chain.
Women’s entrepreneurship in the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Hadryś Alicja
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The main goal of the chapter was to shed light on the challenges that women entrepreneurs face during the Covid-19 pandemic and answer how women entrepreneurs reorient their businesses in this situation. Design/methodology/approach: The study used secondary data (literature and reports), along with direct interviews with women entrepreneurs located in Poland. Findings: The Covid-19 pandemic and the ensuing disruption have disproportionately impacted women. In the near future, women will experience increased unemployment and household responsibilities, along with the exacerbation of social injustice. At the same time, the Covid-19 pandemic catalyzed changes. The findings indicate that some women entrepreneurs aggressively adapted their businesses to resist the short-term impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. There appeared acceptance for remote work models, acceleration in the use of digital channels on both the demand and the supply side, and a shift toward digital over physical interactions, all of which have the potential to level the playing field, especially for women entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications: Further research in this area should focus on the effects of protracted restrictions on doing business and the growing problems associated with managing a pandemic. Originality and value: The study adds anew dimension to entrepreneurship considerations by recognizing that gender issues are rarely considered in times of crises of economies.
Effect of Different Pulse and Oilseed based Cropping Systems on Yield and Nutrient Budgeting under Rainfed Conditions of Jammu
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Sharma B.C. , Sharma Neetu , Nanadan Brij , Verma Akhil , Banotra Monika , Mahajan Amit
Published: June 2021

Background: Maize-wheat is the predominant cropping system of dryland ecology of Jammu region, but due to their comparatively higher input requirements especially of nutrients and water under the fragile ecology of these dry lands an untenable threat has been posed to their factor productivities. Therefore, all cropping sequences that suit and sustain better on the natural resources of the dryland ecosystems for a longer period of time needs to be explored. Methods: The treatments consisted of two oilseeds i.e. mustard) and gobhi sarson and two pulse crops i.e. chickpea and field pea taken during rabi were followed by two oilseed i.e. soybean and sesame and two pulse crops i.e. green gram and black gram grown during kharif. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. Result: Significantly higher chickpea equivalent yield of green gram was observed with field pea- green gram sequence (10.26 q/ha) which was at par with the chickpea – green gram and field pea - black gram system. The available nitrogen status was significantly influenced and recorded highest (166.82kg/ha) under field pea- green gram system. Further overall nutrient mining by this system was quite low as compared to other systems.
Recorrido de vida de un investigador en economía
Authors: Salama Pierre
Published: June 2021

Los temas de investigación de Pierre Salama están centrados en el desarrollo de las economías semi-industrializadas.  Su método es comparativo.  P. Salama estudió desde un punto de vista teórico el Estado en América Latina, buscando explicar sus particularidades. Después, trabajó sobre economía de la droga en las economías emergentes y las causas de la violencia en América Latina. Finalmente, sus trabajos tratan igualmente sobre los efectos de la amplitud de las finanzas sobre el  crecimiento, la distribución de ingresos y la pobreza, a partir de un análisis comparativo no solamente entre economías latinoamericanas  sino, sobretodo, entre éstas y las principales  economías asiáticas.  “El desafío de las desigualdades”, su último libro publicado, es   una comparación económica América Latina/Asia.ABSTRACTLes thèmes de recherche de Pierre SALAMA sont centrés sur le développement des économies semi-industrialisées. L ’approche est comparative. P. SALAMA a étudié d’un point de vue théorique ’État en Amérique latine, cherchant à en expliquer les particularités. Puis il a travaillé sur l’économie de la drogue dans les économies émergentes et les causes de la violence en Amérique latine. Enfin ses travaux portent aussi sur les effets de l ’essor de la finance sur la croissance, la distribution des revenus et la pauvreté, à partir d ’une analyse comparative non seulement entre économies latinoaméricaines mais surtout entre celles-ci et les principales économies asiatiques. Son dernier ouvrage paru est intitulé Le défi des inégalités, une comparaison économique Amérique latine/Asie (2007).
Evaluation of the Applications to the Patient Rights Unit
Authors: YAZICIOĞLU Bahadır , DİKMETAŞ YARDAN Elif
Published: June 2021

In Turkey, as in the world, health services, have gained importance as a key indicator of social and economic development. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the rights of patients, encourage the use of this right when necessary, and provide training and promotion in this area. Primary healthcare is an ideal field for patient education. The aim of the study is to evaluate the usage status of the patient rights unit. The study was conducted by retrospectively examining the application records made to Samsun Training and Research Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Campus patient rights unit between 2011 and 2018. The demographic characteristics of the applicants such as age, gender and educational background were noted. The descriptive statistical analysis of the data obtained was made with the SPSS 20.0 package program. The total number of applicants, gender, age, educational status and professions were examined. Applicants are most often between the ages of 31-35. It is seen that the applications are changing from face-to-face applications to applications made in the digital environment. Most of the applications were made about outpatient services. It has been observed that applications related to secretary, security and cleaning personnel were made most frequently. As a result of our study, it was thought that women preferred to use the patient rights unit less and did not know their rights in this area. The participant age of the research population was found to be small. This situation revealed that public informing about patient rights should be done more effectively. Primary health care and family medicine is an important field for patient education.
Vacuna BCG e indicadores de mortalidad y morbilidad por COVID-19 en países con curva epidémica consolidada.
Authors: Sánchez Barragán Baldómero , Avalos García María Isabel , Castillo Castillo Katia Alejandra , López Romero Samantha , Sosa Marquina Jennifer Sofía
Published: June 2021

Objetivo. -Determinar el impacto de coberturas de vacunación con bacilos Calmette-Guérin (BCG) en indicadores de mortalidad y morbilidad por COVID-19 en países con curva epidémica consolidada.  
Materiales y Métodos. Se trata de estudio de investigación documental, eligiéndose países con curva epidémica consolidada por COVID-19 actualizada al 1 de junio 2020 e información tomada de base de datos de vacunación 1980-2018 Estimates of National Immunization Coverage, ambas fuentes de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) contrastando las coberturas y políticas de vacunación e ingreso per cápita con letalidad, mortalidad e incidencia en 45 países que cumplieron con los criterios aplicando medidas de impacto potencial: reducción de riesgo(RDR),muertes prevenibles en vacunados(MEV%),casos prevenibles en vacunados(CEV%) con intervalo de confianza para tasas con 99% de significancia. 
Resultados. Países con coberturas > 60% y política actual de vacunación universal en contraste con países con cero% coberturas, con reducción de indicadores de mortalidad y morbilidad: Letalidad 5.8-9.7%, mortalidad 8,883.8-937 por 106 (p<0.01) habitantes, incidencia 4,260-4,351.6 por 105 (p<0.01) habitantes; incremento de: MEV% 94.1-100%(p<0.01) y CEV% 97.5-99.9%(p<0.01).Finlandia, en 2005  detuvo la vacunación universal. Los mejores indicadores son para países con ingreso medio bajo e ingreso medio alto. 
Países con coberturas < 60% contra cero% coberturas(ambos grupos con altos ingresos) con reducción (excepto Letalidad): Letalidad-1.861 a -4.703 %(p>0.01), mortalidad 774.255-827.785 por 106 (p<0.01) habitantes, incidencia 4,193.133- 4,212.926 por 105 (p<0.01) habitantes, incremento de: MEV% 82.474-88.176%(p<0.01), CEV% 96.003-96.456%(p<0.01).Con mejores indicadores para países con coberturas cercanas al 60% con política de vacunación universal actual.  
Conclusiones. Coberturas de vacunación con BCG superior a 60%, mantenimiento de políticas de vacunación universal, se asocia con mayor reducción de indicadores de mortalidad, morbilidad por COVID-19 e incremento significativo de casos y muertes evitadas por vacunación de esta virosis. 
Palabras clave: Vacuna BCG; mortalidad; morbilidad; COVID-19.
Adicción a los Alimentos y Antojos en Preescolares Referidos por sus Cuidadores
Authors: Flores-Peña Yolanda
Published: June 2021

Objetivos: 1) Identificar y contrastar los síntomas de adicción a los alimentos en preescolares con y sin sobrepeso-obesidad (SP-OB), 2) Identificar y contrastar la frecuencia e intensidad de los antojos por alimentos en preescolares con y sin SP-OB, 3) Identificar factores que determinan el índice de masa corporal (IMC) del preescolar.
Métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, participaron 201 cuidadores. Se aplicó la Escala Adicción a los Alimentos de Yale para Niños (YFAS-C) y Cuestionario Características de Antojos por los Alimentos. Se midió peso y talla del preescolar.
Resultados: El alpha de Cronbach de la escala YFAS-C fue 0.621. El 91% de los cuidadores fueron madres. La media de síntomas de adicción a los alimentos en preescolares con SP-OB fue Media =.3488 (n = 43) y sin SP-OB Media = .3987 (n = 158), U = 3351.00, p ˃ 0.05. Anticipación de refuerzo positivo fue la característica de antojo con la media más alta (Media = 9.05, DE = 4.21) y la más baja emociones (Media = 2.40, DE = .878), no se encontraron diferencias significativas. No se encontró relación entre los síntomas de adicción a los alimentos y el IMC del preescolar. Los antojos contribuyeron al IMC del preescolar, varianza explicada 12.2%.
Conclusiones: La escala YFAS-C es la única diseñada para evaluar los síntomas de adicción a los alimentos en niños, sin embargo, en el presente estudio no se identificaron síntomas, se recomienda continuar explorando este concepto en este grupo de edad.
Palabras clave: Adicción a la Comida; Ansia; Índice de Masa Corporal; Peso Corporal, Relación madre-hijo.
Normas legales para la reducción del consumo de cigarrillos. Cuba.
Authors: Suárez-Lugo Nery de la Concepcion
Published: June 2021

Objetivo. Describir consumo, precio, elasticidad de cigarrillos y relación con normativas legales dirigidas a reducir el tabaquismo 1980 - 2020.
Material y métodos. Estudio convencional, observacional descriptivo, transversal, mixto, en dos etapas. La primera identifica normativas legales; la segunda, describe consumo per cápita de cigarrillo, precio y elasticidad.
Resultados. Se han establecido 37 instrumentos jurídicos relacionados con tabaquismo: se encuentra insertado en seis normativas sobre salud en general, 31 especificas. Ocho tienen alcance nacional; 28 alcance limitado a Organismos de la Administración Central del Estado y un Grupo Empresarial. El Acuerdo No.5570/05 es el de mayor rango.
Gran parte de las que promulga el Convenio Marco de Control del Tabaco de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, se encuentran insertadas en normativas jurídicas vigentes, pero las de mayor impacto para reducir el tabaquismo, solo cumple con las que no poseen carácter legal y económico.
De 1980 al 2019, el consumo per cápita de cigarrillos en la población cubana de 15 años y más ha decrecido 65,44 %; el precio promedio de la cajetilla de 20 cigarrillos, no ha permitido establecer correlación entre ambas variables, solo en momentos puntuales; igual la elasticidad producto - precio. Se han mantenido oscilaciones en el consumo, que parecen estar relacionadas con situaciones sociales y económicas que han producido aumentos o disminuciones derivadas de elasticidad cruzada no estudiada,
Conclusiones. Las normativas legales dirigidas a reducir el consumo de cigarrillos en Cuba resultan insuficientes, tanto en su contenido expreso, como en su cumplimiento para lograr tal propósito.
Palabras clave: Tabaquismo; Consumo; Precio; Elasticidad; Normativas jurídicas.
Reacciones adversas a medicamentos de baja frecuencia en Matanzas, Cuba 2014-2018
Authors: Santos Muñoz Leidy , Garcia-Milian Ana Julia , Sánchez Pérez Diriana , Laguardia Aldama Dania
Published: June 2021

Introducción: Los medicamentos tienen inocuidad relativa por su capacidad de interacción con los sistemas biológicos para ejercer sus efectos.
Objetivo. Caracterizar las reacciones adversas medicamentosas de baja frecuencia de aparición, recibidas en la Unidad Coordinadora Provincial de Farmacovigilancia del 2014 al 2018. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, de serie de casos en Farmacovigilancia, a partir de la notificación espontánea de sospechas de reacciones adversas en el quinquenio 2014 - 2018, en Matanzas. La información se obtuvo de la base de datos provincial de farmacovigilancia. Se describen las reacciones adversas de baja frecuencia en cuanto a sexo, edad, tipo de efecto adverso, intensidad e imputabilidad. Resultados: Se evaluaron un total de 3407 reacciones adversas por medicamentos de baja frecuencia. Prevalecieron las clasificadas como ocasionales con 1741 notificaciones (51.1%). El sexo femenino y los adultos fueron los más reportados. Se afectó en mayor cuantía la piel y anejos y los grupos farmacológicos más reportados los analgésicos seguido de los antimicrobianos, siendo los fármacos con mayor implicación la dipirona (7,1%) y el ibuprofeno (5,8 %). Predominaron las reacciones adversas por medicamentos de baja frecuencia moderadas (93,3%) y las probables (72,2%) según imputabilidad. Conclusiones: en Matanzas, en el período 2014-2018 se reportaron reacciones adversas a medicamentos de baja frecuencia en su mayoria ocasionales y probables en piel y anejos, producida por analgésicos y antimicrobianos en el sexo femenino y adultos, de moderada intensidad.
Validación del Test de Dependencia de Videojuegos en una muestra de adolescentes mexicanos.
Authors: Sánchez-Domínguez Juan Pablo , Telumbre-Terrero Juan Yovani , Castillo Arcos Lubia del Carmen , Silveira-Sosa Eric Alexander
Published: June 2021

En 2017 México alcanzó el primer lugar en el consumo de videojuegos dentro de América Latina. Diversos autores afirman que el uso recurrente y prolongado de los videojuegos puede ocasionar una diversidad de problemáticas, menoscabando incluso otras actividades periódicas, que a la postre dañan la salud del jugador. Ante esta problemática es necesario contar con un instrumento confiable que mida el fenómeno en adolescentes mexicanos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la confiabilidad y consistencia interna del Test de Dependencia de Videojuegos [TDV] (Chóliz & Marco, 2011) con el propósito de obtener evidencia sobre sus propiedades psicométricas en el contexto mexicano. La muestra estuvo conformada por 581 adolescentes de entre los 11 y 16 años (281 hombres y 300 mujeres). Para la validación del instrumento se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, análisis de componentes principales Varimax y un análisis de consistencia interna. Los resultados revelaron una estructura factorial similar a la versión original española, se encontraron cuatro factores a) Abstinencia, b) Abuso y tolerancia, c) Problemas ocasionados por los videojuegos y d) Dificultad para el control. La escala mostró una consistencia interna aceptable (α=0.94) es decir, que esta mide de forma consistente el concepto. Se concluye que el TDV es un instrumento confiable y de fácil aplicación para medir, diagnosticar e intervenir sobre el fenómeno en adolescentes mexicanos.
Palabras claves: test de dependencia de videojuegos, adolescentes, validación, adicción
Intervención psicológica mediante el coaching motivacional en un caso de pérdida de peso
Authors: Cantón Enrique , Expósito Violeta , Peris-Delcampo David
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es obtener datos acerca de la eficacia del modelo de coaching motivacional de reciente creación “La Jirafa de Cantón”1,2, concretamente su capacidad de influir positivamente en variables como el bienestar psicológico y la autoestima.
Materiales y método: Se utiliza un diseño de caso único de triangulación metodológica, donde se combina la información cuantitativa obtenida mediante la evaluación test-retest con las escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff y el test de autoestima de Rosenberg con el análisis cualitativo de las entrevistas realizadas. La intervención tiene una duración de cinco sesiones y se realiza con una mujer de 20 años cuyo principal objetivo es perder cinco kilos de peso en aproximadamente dos meses.
Resultados: Los resultados muestran una mejora significativa en las puntuaciones del retest, en la percepción subjetiva del participante respecto a haber avanzado en el proceso y una mejora de habilidades para mantener comportamientos saludables; además de una significativa pérdida de peso.
Conclusiones: A raíz de los resultados obtenidos, la intervención realizada ha resultado eficaz a la hora de mejorar las variables estudiadas mediante la autorreflexión provocada por el profesional en coaching psicológico y basada en el modelo “La Jirafa de Cantón”. Por ello, es importante la aplicación adecuada de estas estrategias por profesionales capacitados y la necesidad de futuros estudios para afianzar la eficacia de esta metodología de intervención.

Palabras clave: Motivación; Coaching; La Jirafa de Cantón; Pérdida de peso; Intervención psicológica.
Relación de los conocimientos sobre el virus del papiloma humano con el uso del condón en universitarios indígenas
Authors: Pérez Pérez Yanet Perez
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre los conocimientos sobre el virus del papiloma humano con las barreras percibidas para el uso del condón en universitarios indígenas.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional, transversal; mediante el muestreo aleatorio estratificado, se seleccionaron a universitarios indigenas, ambos sexos. Se aplicó una cédula de datos personales, un instrumento para medir los conocimientos sobre virus del papiloma humano y la subescala de inconvenientes para el uso del condón con una pareja afectiva heterosexual, validados y utilizados en población mexicana en investigaciones previas.
Resultados: Participaron 205 universitarios indígenas de siete programas educativos, las edades oscilaron entre los 18 a 29 años (=20.19, DE=1.96), las mujeres predominaron con 53.7% de participación, la mayoría era soltero (95.4%). Los hombres iniciaron vida sexual antes que las mujeres y el número de parejas es mayor en ellos. Al correlacionar la variable de conocimientos sobre virus del papiloma humano con las barreras o inconvenientes percibidos para el uso del condón, se encontró una correlación negativa, con tamaño de efecto bajo, pero estadísticamente significativo (r=-.177, p
Results of the Parliamentary Elections in Netherland and their Impact on Russian-Netherlands Relations
Authors: Guseletov Boris
Published: June 2021

The article examines the results of the parliamentary elections in the Netherlands, held on March 15-17, 2021. It compares the results of the leading political parties in the elections of 2017 and 2021, and describes all the leading Dutch political parties that were represented in parliament in the period from 2017 to 2021. The results of the activities of the government headed by the leader of the “People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy” M. Rutte, formed following the results of the 2017 elections, are presented. The reasons for the resignation of this government, which took place on the eve of the elections, and its impact on the course of the election campaign are revealed. It was noted how the coronavirus pandemic and the government’s actions to overcome its consequences affected the course and results of the election campaign. The activity of the main opposition parties in this country is evaluated: the right-wing Eurosceptic Freedom Party of Wilders, the center-left Labor Party and others. The course of the election campaign and its main topics, as well as the new political parties that were elected to the parliament as a result of these elections, are considered. The positions of the country’s leading political parties on their possible participation in the new government coalition are shown. The state of Russian-Dutch relations is analyzed. A forecast is given of how the election results will affect the formation of the new government of this country and the political, trade and economic relations between Russia and the Netherlands.
Protease Production from Bacillus sp. Isolated from Gastrointestinal Tract of Catfish (Clarias sp.) with Different Medium
Authors: Awaludin Prihanto Asep , D. Aninta Kartika , Trisnaningrum Soffi
Published: June 2021

The need for protease in the industrial field has been increasing. Candidates for producing these enzymes can be isolated from the digestive tract of catfish (Clarias sp.). The purpose of this study was to obtain bacterial isolates that produce proteolytic from the gastrointestinal tract of catfish and determine the effect of different production media on the activity of proteolytic. The first step of this study was isolation, screening, and identification of bacteria. The second step was to test the effect of the media Luria Bertani, trypticase soy broth, and skim milk broth on proteolytic activity. Nineteen isolates were obtained from the screening process of proteolytic bacteria. Isolate no 1, was known as the best isolate in producing enzymes and was known as Bacillus sp. Tests with different growth media gave results that semi-quantitative, nutrient growth media produced the highest activity with a proteolytic index value of 2.09 ± 0.41. In addition, based on quantitative tests, the media Luria Bertani Broth produced the highest specific activity with a value of 36.479 U/mg. The conclusion of this study, Bacillus sp. from the gastrointestinal tract of catfish that cultured on the Luria Bertani Broth medium produced the best activity.
The Use of Rubber Seed Oil as an Alternative Plant Lipid Source for Stripped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Diet
Authors: Fatmawaty Andi Apriany , Putra Achmad Noerkhaerin , Munandar Aris , Hermita Nuniek , Mustahal Mustahal , Hermawan Dodi , Agung Lukman Anugrah , Rahman Arif , Syamsunarno Mas Bayu
Published: June 2021

Dietary lipid in the forms of fish oil and corn oil are known as the best lipid sources. An effort to find an alternative to lipid sources other than both forms of oil can be done through the use of ts rubber seed oil. The study was conducted to evaluate rubber seed oil as a lipid source in the diet for increasing the growth of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fingerlings. A tested diet having isoprotein (30.14±0.01%) and isoenergy (271.26±0.08 DE kcal/100g) was used in this study. Fish oil, corn oil, and rubber seed oil at a total of 3% were used as the diet's lipid sources. Rubber seed oil was added to the diet at 0, 1, and 3%, respectively. After acclimatized to the experimental condition, striped catfish fingerlings (9.72±0.01 g) were randomly stocked in 12 aquariums (69x29x35 cm3; Volume 50 L) with a density of 15 fingerlings/container and fed on the tested diet at satiation for 40 days. The use of rubber seed oil as a source of lipid in the diet does not affect the survival rate and body fat (P> 0.05). The composition of 2% rubber seed oil in the feed gives the best growth in striped catfish fingerlings, with feed intake of 233.00±1.00 g, a specific growth rate of 2.01±0.05% day-1, feed efficiency of 75.45 ± 1.18%, protein efficiency ratio of 2.45 ± 0.11% and body protein of 44.03 ± 2.42%. There is a tendency that higher rubber seed oil content in the diet, produce better the fatty acid profile in the body of the striped catfish.
Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides on the Growth and Immunity of Swamp Eels
Authors: Jan Shyh-Shyan , Yang Dai-Qing , Thammasena Rommanee
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) supplementation in the diet feed on growth performance, survival rate, biochemical parameters in swamp eels. Healthy fishes were randomly assigned to five groups feeding with different supplementation of AMPs (0, 200, 400, 600, or 800 mg/kg) in diets for 68 days. Results showed that relative weight gain, feed coefficient and survival rate were significantly (p<0.05) increased by supplementation of AMPs in feed. Level of protein (TP), triglyceride TG, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphate (ALP), acid phosphate (ACP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in the serum were significantly (p<0.05) improved in all AMPs treatments, while no significant difference was found between the control and AMPs 200 mg/kg. AMPs supplementation significantly enhanced (p<0.05) the survival rate and immune protection in swamp eels after challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila compared to the control group and eels fed with AMPs 800 mg/kg had the highest survival rate and immune protection (32.50 and 85.71%, respectively). The diets containing AMPs enhanced the survival rate, immune ability, and antioxidant capacity in swamp eels, indicate that an appropriate dosage of AMPs can be used as a potential alternative to antibiotics in swamp eels.
Antifouling-Bacterial Potentials of Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) and Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) Leaf Extracts in Freshwater Environment
Authors: Samudra Sesilia Rani , Fitriadi Ren , Marhaeni Bintang
Published: June 2021

Biofouling refers to the attachment of organisms to the surface of an object submerged in water. It is often undesirable due to its detrimental effects, meanwhile, one way of managing biofouling is via antifouling. This study aims to examine the potential of kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) and bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) leaves extracts as an alternative to natural antifouling. The research was conducted using the exploration method where the extract of both plants was examined in field and laboratory scales. Moreover, the extracts were mixed with paint without antifouling and then tested on a field scale by painting on wooden blocks. Observations were made by counting the number of microfouling in form of bacterial colonies attached to the painted wood surface by scraping the surface of the wood submerged in freshwater for one week. The results showed that the number of bacterial colonies with kenikir leaves extract was less than the bandotan extract. Moreover, based on the phytochemical analysis results, both kenikir and bandotan extracts contain alkaloids, steroids, tannins and saponins, however, the alkaloid content in kenikir leaf extract was higher compared to bandotan leaves. In conclusion, kenikir leaves extract has greater potential as an alternative source of antifouling compared to bandotan because the former has more bioactive content, especially alkaloid compounds.
Feeding Level and Frequency Effects in Captive Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fry
Authors: Behmene Ibrahim elkhalil , Bouiadjra Benabdallah Bachir , Mustapha Sifi , Daoudi Mohamed , Homrani Abdelkader
Published: June 2021

Hence, the interest in variations in feeding frequencies in captive Nile tilapia fry. Two hundred forty mixed-sex fries, intended to test the feeding frequency, with an initial average weight of 0.03 0.04g; corresponding to an average size of 1.4 cm, randomly distributed in (12) boxes each containing 4 fry/L. Fry are fed with Naturalleva import pellets for 30 days. A single photoperiod is studied for long days (18L: 6D) and to maintain an intensity of 2500 lux. The Statistics data are analyzed using software (R) and tested for normality and homogeneity of variance before being subjected to variance analysis (ANOVA; p≤0.05) and Duncan’s method. A multiple range test was used to compare the mean differences. A feed frequency of 4 times and six (06) times a day shows more efficient use of food than once, twice, and three times a day of food intake. The overall growth parameters for larval tilapia rearing are satisfactory, with the feeding regime set at 35% of the biomass of captive residents for two weeks of rearing, and 17.5% for the remaining two weeks. These results represent standards for the launch of captive breeding of the Nile tilapia strain, which will allow freeing themselves from the often expensive and foreign currency imports of fry for the country.
GAMBARAN PELAKSANAAN DETEKSI DINI DAN RESPON PANDEMI COVID-19 DI DINAS KESEHATAN KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN
Authors: Fitriani Roza , Hendrati Lucia Yovita
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penyakit coronavirus merupakan penyakit baru yang muncul pertama kali di Wuhan, Cina. Kasus menyebar hingga menginfeksi lebih dari 13 juta jiwa sampai 13 Juli 2020. Kasus COVID-19 pertama kali dilaporkan di Kabupaten Pamekasan pada 29 Maret 2020. Kasus terus mengalami peningkatan dan terjadi lonjakan kasus positif COVID-19 pada bulan Juni. Hingga 3 Juli 2020, total kasus positif COVID-19 di Kabupaten Pamekasan adalah sebanyak 121 orang dan pada saat itu termasuk dalam kategori wilayah risiko tinggi. Tujuan: Penelitian dini ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pelaksanaan deteksi dan respon COVID-19 di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Pamekasan. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara observasional dengan desain penelitian deskriptif.Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara mendalam kepada satu penanggungjawab surveilans COVID-19 Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Pamekasan dan satu petugas surveilans puskesmas yang dipilih secara random sampling. Hasil akan dibandingkan dengan baru, Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 247 Tahun 2020. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan observasi dilakukan, deteksi dini dan respons COVID-19 di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Pamekasan dilakukan melalui peningkatan kerja, koordinasi pelayanan kesehatan, risiko wilayah, koordinasi pelayanan yang kemungkinan dan konfirmasi, pola kontak, pengiriman spesimen, pengadaan logistik, komunikasi risiko, penyelidikan epidemiologi, pengolahan dan analisis data, serta pencatatan dan pelaporan.Namun, kasus kasus ILI belum dilakukan untuk kasus kasus, pengolahan data belum dilakukan secara rutin, dan pelaporan belum sesuai dengan Kepmenkes 247 tahun 2020. Kesimpulan: Masih terdapat ketidaksesuaian pelaksanaan deteksi dini dan tanggap COVID-19 di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Pamekasan dengan baru yaitu Kepmenkes 247 tahun 2020 sehingga perlu lebih ditingkatkan dan lebih baru yang ada.
Scienсе Diplomacy as a Tool for Achieving Foreign Policy Goals
Authors: Gutenev M.
Published: June 2021

Received 13.01.2021. The article discusses the main approaches to the phenomenon of science diplomacy. This paper aims to consider the possibilities of using science diplomacy not only as a tool to reduce tensions between countries, but also as a tool for foreign policy influence. Most modern Western researchers believe that the goals of science diplomacy are reduced exclusively to creating an apolitical atmosphere for solving important global problems. When we are considering science diplomacy from a realistic point of view, the concept can be outlined through national interest, pragmatic public administration, gaining influence and maintaining the balance of power. In the study, the author proves that one of the main goals of science diplomacy is to strengthen the influence of the state through the promotion of national science, as a result of which it will be easier for the interested subject of international relations to achieve its foreign policy goals. The tools of science diplomacy can be successfully used by the state to increase its international influence beyond territorial borders, open the way to gaining a greater international status, and legitimize its ambitions. The author believes that the currently existing definitions of science diplomacy do not fully disclose its content. In this regard, the paper attempts to give a new comprehensive definition of the term, taking into account aspects related to its foreign policy influence. Science diplomacy, according to the author, is a deliberate international activity of the state through controlled scientific organizations and foundations in order to strengthen interaction with other countries, provide them with information influence and promote its interests in the international arena. The article concludes that Russia should conceptualize the domestic model of “soft power” taking into account science diplomacy, as well as begin to take practical steps to research technologies of protection from a possible “soft” impact of science by other states. Acknowledgements. The article has been supported by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation. Project no. 19-78-00047.
Analysis of the Influence of the European Parliament and the Council of the EU Exemplified by the EU Emissions Trading System Reform
Authors: Kaveshnikov N.
Published: June 2021

Received 28.12.2020. The article examines the comparative influence of the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament in the ordinary legislative procedure using the example of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) reform. The study was carried out on the basis of a process tracing method. Primary data includes documents reflecting positions of the actors (summary of consultations, position papers, statements) and the progress of the legislative process (Commission proposal, EP amendments, discussions in the Council, final text of the directive). In total, 21 important elements of the reform were analysed, on which the positions of the European Parliament and the Council diverged significantly. The following conclusions are made. 1) The case study provides a relevant example of the consensual nature of the EU decision-making. 2) The case study confirms that the essence of the legislative process in the EU is not a confrontation, but an faithful cooperation of both co-legislators. 3) The Commission and both co-legislators were significantly limited by the decision of the European Council, which fixed most of the basic parameters of the ETS phase IV. This corresponds to the trend of new intergovernmentalism. 4) The study of comparative influence of both co-legislators on the final text of the directive demonstrates that the member states played a decisive role in the ETS reform, and the final provisions of the directive reflect primarily the balance of interests and influence in the Council. The study shows how the interests of certain groups of the EU member states, in particular of CEE countries, were taken into account. The influence of the European Parliament on the legislative process is greater than that of individual countries, even the biggest ones, but it is no more than a quarter of the influence of the Council as an actor. 5) The study identifies a number of factors that enable the European Parliament to uphold its position more effectively. Acknowledgments. The article has been supported by the Institute of International Studies of the MGIMO-University. Project No. 2022-02-01.
Five Years Anniversary Since Renminbi was Included in the SDR Basket: Results and Prospects
Authors: Polivach A.
Published: June 2021

Received 29.01.2021. The renminbi was included in the SDR basket from October 2016. In that time there were a lot of doubts about whether the renminbi was enough freely used currency to comply with the criteria of such inclusion. Other opinions focused on possibility that this inclusion would boost international usage of the renminbi. The author analyses statistics and comes to conclusion that the maximum boost of the renminbi usage was achieved right before the inclusion. The China’s statistics shows the boost of renminbi usage in the external transactions in 2016–2020, but statistics of its trading partners and SWIFT reveal only moderate growth or even stagnation in this period. One of explanation of this discrepancy may be that despite Chinese banks’ substantially increased external lending in renminbi in recent years, it looks that banks actually do not transfer renminbi abroad to borrowers. Banks just remit these sums to Chinese suppliers under the instructions by foreign borrowers. Then those borrowers repay those renminbi loans most likely in dollars. So China’s statistics record boost of renminbi usage, but its trading partners do not see those renminbi. The key obstacle for widening international usage of renminbi is remaining restrictions (formal and informal) for transactions under the financial account of China’s balance of payments. The author considers prospects of increasing the international role of the renminbi and comes to conclusion that it is likely that China is afraid of liberalisation of its financial accounts because there is a risk of long-term depreciation of the renminbi. Contrary to widely popular belief that China stands for and practiced with undervalued exchange rate of the renminbi the author statistically shows that in the past 25 years the renminbi was stronger than the G7’s currencies and substantially stronger than the currencies of China’s neighbour competitors. It looks that devaluation-averse sentiments hinder China’s decision makers from introduction of real liberalisation of its financial account, because free transborder movements of capital may create sharp depreciating impact on the renminbi and thus undermine Chinese economic achievements of last decades. That’s why it is unlikely that the renminbi will substantially increase its international role in the foreseeable future.
Eurozone General Business Situation: Results of 20 Years
Authors: Sidorov A.
Published: June 2021

Received 03.11.2020. The article deals with the features of the dynamics of the Eurozone’s general business situation (GBS) for the 20 years of its existence. A comparative analysis of the integration bloc GBS within the framework of two full medium-term reproduction cycles (2002–2007 and 2008–2018) is carried out using different economic indicators: value added of different industries, industrial production, manufacturing production, real GDP, real GDP per capita, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) rate, returns on GFCF rate, employment. The recession of 2020 is considered preconditioned (regardless of the COVID-19 repercussions), as the duration of the business cycle since 2008 was approaching the maximum duration of the Juglar cycle (11 years) and signs of a downturn were appearing in 2018. The feature of the second medium-term cycle is outlined – mainly recovery rather than net economic growth, which justifies identification of the Eurozone development since 2008 as the lost decade. An attempt is made to identify long waves in the development of the Eurozone GBS, possible timeframes thereof are hypothesized using GDP per capita as well as labor productivity growth rates. Period of 1996–2011 is suggested as an ascending wave, period of 2012–2019 (and later) – as a descending wave. The conclusion is made on the relatively less favorable Eurozone GBS in the second decade of the XXI century within both the second medium-term cycle and the long wave. The problem (crisis) of competitiveness of the integration bloc as a main factor of such a dynamics is outlined. In this regard a modification of the medium-term reproduction cycle in the second decade of the XXI century is revealed on the basis of the Eurozone member states GBS analysis. The modification consists in a low representativeness of industrial (and manufacturing) production index as an indicator for identifying the phases of the medium-term cycle, and in extraordinary patterns of the industry (and its manufacturing part) dynamics, which result in completion of the medium term cycle without the index reaching its pre-crisis levels in a number of Eurozone countries. This new normality calls forth to reconsider to some extent such GBS theoretical categories as cycle boundaries and peak. In conclusion, forecasts are made regarding the end of the current descending long wave in the mid-2020s and possible GBS improvement within the medium-term cycle in this period subject to reasonable economic policy aimed at tackling the Eurozone competitiveness crisis.
REB’s statistical series: surveys of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Aukutsionek S. , Batyaeva A. , Dyomina N. , Egorov A. , Matveev A.
Published: June 2021

The article presents unique data on the Russian agricultural sector, which has been gathered by the Russian Economic Barometer for almost 30 years. There is published statistics reflecting the attitude of the heads of agricultural enterprises towards the economic policy of the government. There are presented data revealing the degree of importance for the agricultural producers of various factors limiting production and capital investments.
Tracking motor activity in Virtual Reality to reveal cognitive functioning: A preliminary study
Authors: Ribeiro Nicolas , Vigier Toinon , Prié Yannick
Published: June 2021

A challenge for cognitive research is the better understanding of how motor activity influences and is influenced by other cognitive domains. We developed a preliminary study to investigate whether tracking motor functioning in virtual reality provides useful insight on cognitive functioning. We chose the flankers task as an assessment measure and built a VR environment into which seven participants completed more than 1250 trials. In addition to classical results of the flankers task showing that incongruent stimuli induce slower responses than others., we also identified how individuals are able to correct their initially incorrect motor response. This indicator may shed new light into the functioning of cognitive control in the future. We discuss the potential offered by virtual reality technology for cognitive assessment through embodied considerations of cognition.