bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonvolatile multiferroic coupling in van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Li Yongchang , Hu Tao , Guo Pan , Ren Wei
Published: October 2023

Nonvolatile multiferroic coupling that can be controlled by electric fields has a wide range of future electronic multistate applications. Through first-principles calculations, we have revealed such magnetoelectric effect in van der Waals heterostructure systems consisting of CuCrP2Se6 and VS2. The distinct magnetic moments for Se atoms on the upper and lower surfaces of the CuCrP2Se6 substrate lead to different interlayer magnetic coupling configurations. Meanwhile, by varying the number of substrate layers, we can manipulate the direction of V's magnetic moment during ferroelectric reversal. This intricate interplay of ferroelectricity, magnetism, and ferrovalley enables the creation of electric switchable states. These findings provide ideas for nonvolatile memories controlled directly through electric fields.
Scattering of moving atmospheric pressure induced tsunamis by bathymetry and coastline
Authors: Liu P. L.-F. , Higuera P. , Lo P. H.-Y.
Published: October 2023

Tsunamis can be generated by a moving atmospheric pressure disturbance. The 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption and tsunami demonstrated the global relevance of such a tsunami generation mechanism. The generated locked and free waves are often scattered by bathymetric variations and coastlines, generating more free waves and resulting in a complex wave field. The physical processes involved can be described by the forced linear shallow water equations. Analytical solutions are sought after for simplified bathymetric variations and coastline configurations. In this paper, a moving atmospheric pressure front, which is uniform in the direction normal to its propagation direction, is considered. The water wave motion is assumed to start from the quiescent condition, so that the incident locked and free waves are related. However, since the wave scattering processes are linear, the solutions obtained in this paper can be used for analyzing scattering of the incident locked and free waves with uncorrelated amplitudes. For one-dimensional horizontal (1DH) problems, the water depth is either a constant or has a sudden change (i.e., a step) with or without a vertically walled coastline and the atmospheric pressure front always moves in the direction normal to the depth contours. In the case where a coastline is considered, the atmospheric pressure front can either move from the land to the sea or from the sea to the land. In the 2DH (two-dimensional horizontal) example, the wave field generated by a moving atmospheric pressure front, sweeping over the a circular island surrounded by a circular shelf, is investigated and discussed. For all the cases considered, analytical solutions in the integral form are obtained using the Fourier transform method. For the 1DH cases, analytical solutions are also presented in the form of infinite series, summing over infinite number of scattered and reflected waves from the bathymetric variations and coastlines. The new solutions reveal both the complexity of the wave scattering process and the significant differences between locked and free waves.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the dielectric constants of salt-free and salt-doped polar solvents
Authors: Shock Cameron J. , Stevens Mark J. , Frischknecht Amalie L. , Nakamura Issei
Published: October 2023

We develop a Stockmayer fluid model that accounts for the dielectric responses of polar solvents (water, MeOH, EtOH, acetone, 1-propanol, DMSO, and DMF) and NaCl solutions. These solvent molecules are represented by Lennard-Jones (LJ) spheres with permanent dipole moments and the ions by charged LJ spheres. The simulated dielectric constants of these liquids are comparable to experimental values, including the substantial decrease in the dielectric constant of water upon the addition of NaCl. Moreover, the simulations predict an increase in the dielectric constant when considering the influence of ion translations in addition to the orientation of permanent dipoles.
Numerical simulation of the oil peeling mechanism on a hydrophilic plate dipping underwater
Authors: Lee Chaewon , Choi Geunhyeok , Lee Sang Yeob , Kim Seong Jin , Shin Seungwon
Published: October 2023

Peeling is a fundamental physical behavior involving the removal of foreign substances attached to a surface, and it finds applications in various engineering problems. Most previous studies have focused on peeling thin solid films from solid surfaces. However, ocean pollution has emerged as a serious environmental concern, making it critical to effectively and continuously remove highly viscous oil from oil recovery devices to prevent oil fouling. To address this, recent technological advancements have introduced an oil recovery technique that utilizes a hydrophilic surface capable of detaching, and even peeling, oil when dipped into water. In this study, we analyzed the underlying peeling mechanism by numerically simulating the oil peeling process from a vertically situated dipping plate with hydrophilic treatment. The present work expanded the level contour reconstruction method, originally developed for two-phase interface tracking, to handle the three-phase flow involved in the peeling of oil attached to the plate by an air–water meniscus. We properly validated the proposed numerical model and investigated the effects of various input conditions, including oil thickness, descending plate speed, and oil viscosity, in detail. Furthermore, force analysis during the oil peeling process was performed, and a regime map is provided to offer a comprehensive understanding of the overall peeling process. This research aims to contribute to the development of efficient and reliable oil recovery methods, particularly in combating ocean pollution caused by viscous oil residues.
Magneto-optical measurement of magnetic field and electrical current on a short pulse high energy pulsed power accelerator
Authors: Owens Israel , Coffey Sean , Ulmen Ben , Harrison Richard K. , Trujillo Alex , Rhoades Elaine , McCutcheon Brandon , Grabowski Chris
Published: October 2023

We describe a direct magneto-optical approach to measuring the magnetic field driven by a narrow pulse width (<10 ns), 20 kA electrical current flow in the transmission line of a high energy pulsed power accelerator. The magnetic field and electrical current are among the most important operating parameters in a pulsed power accelerator and are critical to understanding the properties of the radiation output. However, accurately measuring these fields and electrical currents using conventional pulsed power diagnostics is difficult due to the strength of ionizing radiation and electromagnetic interference. Our approach uses a fiber coupled laser beam with a rare earth element sensing crystal sensor that is highly resistant to electromagnetic interference and does not require external calibration. Here, we focus on device theory, operating parameters, results from an experiment on a high energy pulsed power accelerator, and comparison to a conventional electrical current shunt sensor.
Variation in sap feeding and tree testing by yellow-bellied gliders and the potential for population monitoring
Authors: Goldingay Ross L.
Published: October 2023

Tree sap is important in the diet of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis). I investigated the use of 66 trees in sap feeding by gliders at 32 sites (equating to 32 glider groups) in eight surveys over 2 years in the Shoalhaven region of New South Wales to evaluate the potential to use such trees in population monitoring. I estimated the probability of detecting two different types of glider incision made on the sap trees within 0–3 months of a survey: one representing bouts of sap feeding and the other representing the testing of the suitability of these trees for sap feeding. The probability of detecting each type of incision varied by season, being lowest in autumn and highest in spring (feeding: 0.30 ± 0.03 (s.e.) to 0.51 ± 0.04; testing: 0.40 ± 0.04 to 0.63 ± 0.03). I also investigated whether detection of any new incision differed between individual sap trees at a site. The probability of detection per survey was equivalent (0.76 ± 0.03) between trees and between years. The incisions accumulate over a year, so scoring any incisions made since a previous annual survey will increase this probability. New incisions were detected in each of the two sample years at all sites indicating short-term stability in home range occupancy and demonstrating a useful method of population monitoring.
Discovery and optimisation of conotoxin Vc1.1 and analogues with analgesic properties
Authors: Frøsig-Jørgensen Majbrit , Ji Jing , Gorman Declan M. , Kan Meng-Wei , Craik David J.
Published: October 2023

A specimen of the marine cone snail Conus victoriae collected from a beach in Broome, Western Australia, by a group from The University of Melbourne led to the discovery of the α-conotoxin Vc1.1, which was found to have analgesic activity in rodents. The discovery of this venom-derived peptide led to a series of structural, mechanistic and pharmacological studies directed towards the development of a new analgesic for neuropathic pain by groups in Australia and internationally. Solid-phase peptide synthesis played an important role in developing structure–activity relationships. Studies in a rat model of neuropathic pain showed that a cyclic analogue of the peptide, cVc1.1, had comparable analgesic activity with that of gabapentin, one of the foremost clinically used drugs for neuropathic pain, with cVc1.1 delivered orally at a 120-fold lower dose than gabapentin. Originally, Vc1.1 was believed to act primarily through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, but evidence for a mechanism mediated through γ-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptors later emerged. Efforts to optimise the binding and pharmacological properties of analogues of Vc1.1 revealed that the affinity towards either receptor can be modulated by sequence mutations, disulfide bond modifications and backbone cyclisation. This Account describes the discovery, structure, chemistry and pharmacology of Vc1.1, with a focus on studies carried out in Australian laboratories.
Visual art, discourse, and Cognitive Linguistics
Authors: Boubakri Awatef
Published: October 2023

A live-show painting is a unique art experience and more unique is the live-show painting that takes place amid an interaction between the artist and his audience. The discourse taking place consists in an artist who is receiving propositions from his audience while painting. The present study is a cognitive discourse analysis of the interaction artist/audience in line with a semiotic analysis of the content of the resulting painting. Since the resulting painting blends the mental representations of the artist with those of the audience, this live-show painting is framed within a complex conceptual integration network that is a triple-scope rather than a double-scope network. The framework is Gill Fauconnier & Mark Turner’s (2002) Conceptual Blending Theory that fits into the understanding of the interaction artist/audience during the live-show painting. Thus the present study investigates a perceived interface between visual art, discourse, and Cognitive Linguistics.
When happiness can be luck
Authors: Lasnik Mateja , Chiang Wen-yu
Published: October 2023

Previous studies have mainly focused on orientational, structural and ontological metaphors of happiness, and have not distinguished between luck and happiness; the latter in many languages originates from the former. This research aims to bridge these gaps by examining event-structure andobject(possession) metaphors of 8000 hits for happiness and luck in the corpora of English, German, Greek, and Slovene. Our results suggest that luck is cross-linguistically perceived as non-pursuable and asan entity outside a personthrough numerousobject(possession) metaphors ofluck, or as a deity based on manystationary-egometaphors ofluck. In contrast, happiness is understood as pursuable (through frequentquestmetaphors ofhappiness) and asan entity within a person. This research proposes an embodied cognition model which includes orientational, psychological, and culture-specific embodiments to account for the cross-linguistic universalities and differences. Our study could contribute to overall human understanding of these two important concepts.
Application of kalman filter for radar target tracking.
Authors: Uwigize Patrick , Rao S. Koteswara , Divya G. Naga
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the principles of recursive tracking and prediction filters are used to track a single maneuvering aerial target and implemented using instantaneous noisy measurements. Kalman filter is used to estimate (predict) the system state (bearing, range, target course, and speed) as they cannot be measured directly from measurements. Furthermore, after mathematical formulation of the equations for the Kalman filter fitting the application, it was then applied and evaluated. Monte Carlo Simulation technique was applied to quantify the results and the simulation results are obtained using a python program.
Automated Bone Fracture Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Thaiyalnayaki K , Kavyaa L , Sugumar Joshua
Published: October 2023

Bones are an important part of the human body. Humans are prone to bone fractures, which can occur as a result of tremendous pressure being applied to the bone, or as a result of a simple accident. As a result, in the medical field, an accurate diagnosis of a bone fracture is crucial. In this work, bone fractures are examined using X-ray/CT scans. The purpose of this research is to develop an image processing based system that can classify bone fractures rapidly and accurately using data from x-ray and CT images. In many diagnostic and therapeutic applications, automatic fault detection in MRI and CT images is critical. Tumor segmentation and classification are difficult due to the large amount of data in MR images and the fuzzy boundaries. This project proposed an automatic bone fracture detection system that improves accuracy and yield while cutting down on diagnosis time. The aim is to classify into two categories: normal, fractured. The amount of data in MR and CT pictures is too great for human interpretation and analysis. Bone fracture segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has appeared as an emerging subject study in the realm of medical imaging systems in recent years. The potential to accurately recognise the size and location of a bone fracture is critical in the diagnosis of a fracture. Pre-processing of MR images, feature extraction, and classification are the four stages of the diagnosis procedure. The features are extracted using wavelet transformation after the image has been preprocessed (DWT). Automated fracture identification is essential in a computer-aided telemedicine system. Human arbitrary bones frequently fracture as a consequence of accidental traumas like slipping. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) relieves doctors’ workload while also detecting fractures. A new classification network sensitive to fracture lines is described, called Crack-Sensitive Convolutional Neural Network (CrackNet). Faster Region with Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) is used to identify 20 various types of bone areas in X-ray pictures, and CrackNet is used to assess incase each bone area is broken. The classification accuracy for 100 training and test sets is 99.5%.
Energy Harvesting Using Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Lakshmi Prasanna J , Santhosh Chella , Ravi Kuamr M , Ram Kumar I.
Published: October 2023

The need for new energy sources has been growing as a result of the rise in energy consumption and the depletion of non-renewable energy sources. One such method is the use of piezoelectric sensors, which can provide valuable electrical energy by converting mechanical stress into electric potential when pressure is applied to the sensors. The main challenges in designing the system are selection of the materials to be used, environmental that it is being used the type of pressure being applied are all the factors that play vital role in the result. Thus, all these factors should be taken into consideration while developing the system. A sophisticated simulator was used to create the system’s proportions and shape. The system’s chosen model is unimorph; to create potential, a force is applied to the surface. For the harvester to provide output electric potential, the pressure applied needs to be dynamic (i.e., continually changing). The rectified voltage can be used to power electronics, recharge batteries, or store energy in capacitors.
MCSO-MW: An Energy Optimized Data Switching Scheme for Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Alagarsamy Aravindhan , Mahilmaran Sundarakannan , Sureshkumar K , Vimala P
Published: October 2023

Due to continuous growth in the field of wireless sensor networks (WSN), it holds enormous growth in the multidisciplinary domains to provide a promising solution. Especially, on the internet of things (IoT) based edge device network, WSN plays a significant area in the field of data collection and physical entity monitoring. The effectiveness of the routing scheme in WSN can be directly measured through the amount of data transmission, network topology, intermediate hop counts, and data transmission distance. Similarly, an ideal energy model can improve the entire system’s performance and sustainability over successive data transmission. In this paper, a multi-objective chicken swarm optimization (CSO) algorithm is adopted to optimize energy consumption over WSN and improve the system performance through an effective routing approach. Furthermore, the proposed approach is adopted to partition the entire sensor network into multiple clusters and select the partitioned head among the sensor nodes. The competence of the proposed approach is validated against other existing approaches.
A self-organized shape formation in swarm robots
Authors: Rooban S , Bhargav M , Vamsi Reddy A , Sai Teja M , Probin Kumar V
Published: October 2023

This work proposes a functional method-based approach for shape formation. The core principle in swarm intelligence is that simple swarm behaviour can be established with assigning the rules. To keep all the agents in the given shape and to build the set of motion, desired locations must be assigned to govern the leader and the other followers. Given the restrictions of communication, collision avoidance, and computation challenges, the proposed work is ideal for swarm robots shape formation. The proposed dynamic shape formation uses the shortest path method and the obstacle avoidance algorithm. Natural swarm inspired method based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) model is used to form the robots in the assigned position. A set of simulation analysis demonstrate that the convergence and scalability of our proposed technique. The effectiveness of pattern formation is increased further by adjusting specific parameters in the PSO model with the aid of the MATLAB simulator.
A Compact Coplanar Waveguide-fed Ultra-WidebandTextile Antenna for Wireless Body Area Network application
Authors: Rajkumar R , Phani Kumar K V , SatheeshKumar M , Sadeesh R , Srikanth T S
Published: October 2023

A compact CPW fed textile antenna is proposed for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. It consists of rectangular shaped radiating patch with a stair case and ground plane and these two parameters have more impact on impedance bandwidth. The antenna is designed using the jean fabric material with size of 21 × 16 ×1 mm3and fabricated. The antenna has covered the desired UWB 3.1 - 10.6 GHz effectively. In addition, it has better radiation characteristics in both E-plane and H-plane. Antenna parametric study is done for various antenna parameters. It can be used for telemedicine and military applications.
Time Series Models for Radiated Electromagnetic Energy of Lightning Strokes Detected by World Wide Lightning Location Network
Authors: Rafi Mehdi Hasan , Mostafa Golam
Published: October 2023

Lightning is a significant atmospheric event and has a wide-ranging influence on the Earth’s climate. Recently a sensor station of World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) is hosted at Dhaka (23.81°N, 90.41°E) and one year (Jan 2021 to Dec 2021) lightning strokes energy data is investigated. In an effort to switch the analysis from descriptive to predictive, WWLLN lightning strokes energy data is modeled using time series analysis. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model has been applied to predict the data. According to the process of model selection, the auto-correlation function (ACF) and partial auto-correlation function (PACF) are examined to determine the auto-regressive (AR) and moving-average (MA) terms. Standard diagnostic tests are performed to ensure the goodness of fit of the chosen model. After necessary diagnostic tests, ARIMA (3,1,0)×(2,1,0)12 is selected as the best fitted model.
Iot Based Smart Rider Safety System
Authors: Inthiyaz Syed , Rajesh V. , Prakash N. Nanda , Narendra G. S. V. , Rao M. Sri Raghavendra , Anil Y. R. V.
Published: October 2023

In this century there are more vehicle collisions are taking place and many humans are dying in these collisions or getting badly injuries in these collisions because of lack lo carrying of helmet on their heads. So many can survive the vehicle collisions by having the right safety system or helmet with them. The people in the society are neglecting the rules which causes the accidents. The concept that we are proposing will help to reduce the vehicle collisions comparing to the previous year’s statistics which helps to reduce the vehicle collision rate drastically than compared to last year’s survey and helps the riders for having more safer rides than the normal ones. The project consists of circuit that helps in a way that vehicle is not going to start until the rider wears the safety system on his head, after wearing the safety system the RF waves are sent then they are detected by the receiver on the kindling then the rider’s vehicle is on. This rider safety system helps the users to ensure more safety and helps in minimizing the vehicle collisions on roads and provides enhanced safety to the public.
Patrolling Car for Toxic Gas Detection
Authors: Inthiyaz Syed , Rajesh V , Prakash N Nanda , Prasad K Hari , Babu M Rajesh , Dhiraj V
Published: October 2023

The use of a patrol car equipped with a toxic gas detection system is crucial today because, in the occurrence that a gas leak occurs in an area that is difficult for people to access or enter, such as a mine or an industrial facility, we can lessen the risk to those who work there by using the system. The car’s small size also makes it mobile, allowing us to determine where the leak is happening and to take other preventative measures. We use ESP32 to control all of the sensor modules, and we can manage the car using a mobile device over Wi-Fi. Because Telegram is open source, we can view the data using it. Using this method may be entertaining, but in the event of an emergency, it may consume a lot of resources. Using the Telegram bot, we can view and preserve the data in our monitoring system. In our research, ultrasonic sensors are primarily used to detect items and alter routes in order to arrive at their intended locations.
Neural Network based wind energy model developed over Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Chowdary S. Nihaal , Satyanarayana G. Ch. , Raju A. Dharma , Kiran A.V.S.S. , Sambasivarao V.
Published: October 2023

Wind energy is a prominent renewable energy alternative to the conventional non-renewable energy source with a minimal environmental impact. Even though the fact that wind farms have grown in popularity, each one faces a unique set of challenges. Many sophisticated and new approaches are deployed for forecasting wind power genesis and wind power potential to pinpoint the low wind speed hours and schedule a time for turbine maintenance. This paper connotes wind power forecasting over a region using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) & Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) algorithms to address industry problems. In addition, various case studies were carried out with Meteorological variables includes Pressure, soil moisture, temperature, solar radiation, eastward wind (u10), northward wind (v10), and wind speed to assess the effectiveness of various models, and the best model with the highest degree of accuracy is recommended. This study deals with predicting the hourly wind speed at Anantapur, which is essential knowledge for the subsequent estimate of Wind Power Density (WPD). Short-range with statistical metrics of tiny Mean Absolute Error (MAE), low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and high Index Of Agreement (IOA) proving the predictability of the wind speed evolution, predictions made with ANN and RNN models at a lead time of 24 hours have been confirmed to be accurate. This study gives wind speed and wind electricity ability predictions that are useful for enterprises, government agencies, and industry in relation to wind harnessing.
Smart Waste Management: Waste Segregation using Machine Learning
Authors: Rajakumaran Gayathri , Usharani Shola , Vincent Christie , Sujatha M
Published: October 2023

In the digitized era, the role of smart mechanisms plays a vital role and one among them is the segregation of waste. To make use of proper disposal and waste management techniques, the segregation of wastes is essential. In the existing systems, drones are used for identifying waste using image processing, and deep learning and use GPS, and GSM methods to identify and send locations to the authorities. The enhancement achieved is to analyze and implement waste segregation with the help of image classification and multi-object detection. Waste management may therefore be done more efficiently with an accuracy of 95% with a mean average of 87.4% which in turn helps significantly to reduce labor costs.
Analytical Study on Conformal M-Shaped Monopole Antenna with Metamaterial Loading
Authors: Lanka Madhavi Devi , Chalasani Subbarao
Published: October 2023

Split ring-based metamaterial loaded monopole antenna is designed for commercial wireless communication applications and analyzed its conformal nature with respect to host surface. Analytical study has been performed to record the antenna performance characteristics like reflection coefficient, surface current distribution, radiation characteristics and radiation efficiency. The size of the antenna is 37 X 26 X 1.6 mm on polyimide dielectric material of permittivity 2.6 and thickness 0.2 mm. Chemical etching-based prototyping has been done in fabrication process and SMA connector with impedance of 50 ohm is connected for measurement analysis of the antenna parameters. The conformal nature of the designed antenna has been analyzed at different bending angles by placing the antenna on form material and found excellent matching in simulation as well as in real time measurement.
Market share of Indonesian mangosteen in China market
Authors: Situmorang P S I , Ayu S F , Lindawati
Published: October 2023

The agricultural sector is the leading sector in the Indonesian economy. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) or commonly called the “queen of fruits” is one of Indonesia’s mainstay exotic fruits. Since the 1970s until now, demand for exports has continued to increase, so that it can be said that the mangosteen fruit is the prima donna of Indonesia’s mainstay exports. One of the biggest export destination countries for Indonesian mangosteen is China. Mangosteen producing countries besides Indonesia, there are Thailand and Malaysia as mangosteen producing countries which export to China. This study aims to examine and analyze the market share of mangosteens from Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia and to see the competitiveness of Indonesian mangosteens in the Chinese market. Market share is an indicator in reviewing the marketing performance of mangosteen fruit products. This market share is usually expressed as a percentage (%), which is used to determine the percentage of potential market for increased Indonesian mangosteen production. In addition, there are import volumes, import prices, and the total import value of mangosteen in the Chinese market in view of competitiveness between countries. This research was conducted using secondary data from 2011-2020.
The effect of sungkai leaf water extract addition to aloe vera gel edible coating on quality and shelf life of strawberries (Fragaria sp.)
Authors: Refilda  , Tanjung M F , Yefrida
Published: October 2023

Strawberries are the most consumed fruits by people in the world. This fruit has a delicious taste and high nutritional content. But the shelf life is very short. The purpose of this study was to find method to extend the shelf life of postharvest strawberries. Edible coating from aloe vera gel and varying concentration of sungkai leaf water extract (0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%) was prepared and applied to strawberries. Coated strawberries were evaluated in the days 0 to 8 for fruit weight loss, percent spoilage, total soluble solids and total antioxidant. The best results were obtained on the composition of aloe vera gel with 50% water extract of sungkai leaves. Strawberries coated with this material could be stored for 6 days longer than uncoated strawberries for 2 days with a decrease in fruit weight of 10.6%, percent spoilage 11.1%, total dissolved solids value 7.47° Brix, and total antioxidants 0.28 mg AA/g FW. In conclution the sungkai leaf water extract can increase the shelf life of post-harvest strawberries.
The relevancy-analysis of air quality index to Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in A landfill site of Medan
Authors: Intan T K , Munir D , Soeroso N N , Ichwan M , Khair H , Suryati I
Published: October 2023

The existence of open dumping in Medan City’s final waste processing since 1993 has certainly had a negative impact in the form of a decrease in air quality which has a further impact on public health problems. This study aims to analyse and maps the distribution of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in the Terjun Landfill and to examine the relationship between the air quality index and the prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the nearby landfill site. The sampling method for this research uses the manual active and is mapped using the GIS application. The results of ambient air concentrations were converted into an air quality index which subsequently was tested in a statistical correlative method to investigate the prevalence of ARI. The results demonstrated the PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 38.94 – 163.1 µ/m3, the PM10 was between 46.84 – 184.2 µ/m3; indicating an excessive level of national ambient threshold. The distribution of the highest PM2.5 and PM10 is in the active zone of the landfill. The prevalence of ARI in the nearby landfill site showed a strong relationship; 0.86 for PM2.5 and 0.62 for PM10. These findings illustrate a poor-quality air would increase the number of inhabitants with ARI.
Modeling interdisciplinary interactions among physics, mathematics and computer science
Authors: Hazra Rima , Singh Mayank , Goyal Pawan , Adhikari Bibhas , Mukherjee Animesh
Published: October 2023

Interdisciplinarity has over the recent years have gained tremendous importance and has become one of the key ways of doing cutting edge research. In this paper we attempt to model the citation flow across three different fields—physics (PHY), mathematics (MA) and computer science (CS). For instance, is there a specific pattern in which these fields cite one another? We carry out experiments on a dataset comprising more than 1.2 million articles taken from these three fields. We quantify the citation interactions among these three fields through temporal bucket signatures. We present numerical models based on variants of the recently proposed relay-linking framework to explain the citation dynamics across the three disciplines. These models make a modest attempt to unfold the underlying principles of how citation links could have been formed across the three fields over time.
McKay correspondence, cohomological Hall algebras and categorification
Authors: Diaconescu Duiliu-Emanuel , Porta Mauro , Sala Francesco
Published: October 2023

Let

π
:
Y
→
X

\pi \colon Y\to X

denote the canonical resolution of the two dimensional Kleinian singularity

X
X

of type ADE. In the present paper, we establish isomorphisms between the cohomological and K-theoretical Hall algebras of

ω
\omega

-semistable properly supported sheaves on

Y
Y

with fixed slope

μ
\mu

and

ζ
\zeta

-semistable finite-dimensional representations of the preprojective algebra of affine type ADE of slope zero respectively, under some conditions on

ζ
\zeta

depending on the polarization

ω
\omega

and

μ
\mu

. These isomorphisms are induced by the derived McKay correspondence. In addition, they are interpreted as decategorified versions of a monoidal equivalence between the corresponding categorified Hall algebras. In the type A case, we provide a finer description of the cohomological, K-theoretical and categorified Hall algebra of

ω
\omega

-semistable properly supported sheaves on

Y
Y

with fixed slope

μ
\mu

: for example, in the cohomological case, the algebra can be given in terms of Yangians of finite type ADE Dynkin diagrams.
Implementing the ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements: The Localization of Aviation English Testing
Authors: Yin Yan , Yu Guoxing , Huang Dayong
Published: October 2023

There are still language-related safety issues in international aeronautical radiotelephony communications. This article revisits the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) language policy, a set of language proficiency requirements mainly reflected in the ICAO Rating Scale (Pronunciation, Structure, Vocabulary, Fluency, Comprehension, and Interaction). Although the ICAO Rating Scale has been used globally to assess professional aviation speakers’ communicative language proficiency for two decades now, it remains unclear what role the six ICAO criteria have played in high-stakes aviation English tests. We thus conducted an independent study based on secondary data analysis. We applied the Winsteps Rasch Rating Scale Model to 358 Chinese pilots’ test scores on an aviation English test in China. The results suggest that the six criteria carried considerably different relative values in contribution to test outcomes and that Interaction was different from the other five criteria. This exploratory study provides an example of how the ICAO assessment criteria were used in a locally developed aviation English test; its findings can have implications for supporting and implementing a language policy for global harmonization.
Direct screening for effective shRNA with a single mismatch in human cells without laborious cloning
Authors: Tachibana Mayu , Ehara Nazumi , Tanikawa Shunya , Tachibana Akira
Published: October 2023

We have devised a method for the direct screening of efficient short hairpin (sh)RNA molecules in human cells, eliminating the need for the time-consuming process of cloning in Escherichia coli. Our screening suggested that single mismatches to shRNAs can significantly alter their activity.
PhyloMatcher: a tool for resolving conflicts in taxonomic nomenclature
Authors: Rader Jonathan A , Pivovarnik Madelyn A , Vantilburg Matias E , Whitehouse Logan S
Published: October 2023

Large-scale comparative studies rely on the application of both phylogenetic trees and phenotypic data, both of which come from a variety of sources, but due to the changing nature of phylogenetic classification over time, many taxon names in comparative datasets do not match the nomenclature in phylogenetic trees. Manual curation of taxonomic synonyms in large comparative datasets can be daunting. To address this issue, we introduce PhyloMatcher, a tool which allows for programmatic querying of the National Center for Biotechnology Information Taxonomy and Global Biodiversity Information Facility databases to find associated synonyms with given target species names.

Availability and implementation

PhyloMatcher is easily installed as a Python package with pip, or as a standalone GUI application. PhyloMatcher source code and documentation are freely available at https://github.com/Lswhiteh/PhyloMatcher, the GUI application can be downloaded from the Releases page.
SHIP: identifying antimicrobial resistance gene transfer between plasmids
Authors: Teixeira Marco , Pillay Stephanie , Urhan Aysun , Abeel Thomas
Published: October 2023

Motivation

Plasmids are carriers for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and can exchange genetic material with other structures, contributing to the spread of AMR. There is no reliable approach to identify the transfer of AMR genes across plasmids. This is mainly due to the absence of a method to assess the phylogenetic distance of plasmids, as they show large DNA sequence variability. Identifying and quantifying such transfer can provide novel insight into the role of small mobile elements and resistant plasmid regions in the spread of AMR.

Results

We developed SHIP, a novel method to quantify plasmid similarity based on the dynamics of plasmid evolution. This allowed us to find conserved fragments containing AMR genes in structurally different and phylogenetically distant plasmids, which is evidence for lateral transfer. Our results show that regions carrying AMR genes are highly mobilizable between plasmids through transposons, integrons, and recombination events, and contribute to the spread of AMR. Identified transferred fragments include a multi-resistant complex class 1 integron in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and a region encoding tetracycline resistance transferred through recombination in Enterococcus faecalis.

Availability and implementation

The code developed in this work is available at https://github.com/AbeelLab/plasmidHGT.
SBILib: a handle for protein modeling and engineering
Authors: Gohl Patrick , Bonet Jaume , Fornes Oriol , Planas-Iglesias Joan , Fernandez-Fuentes Narcís , Oliva Baldo
Published: October 2023

The SBILib Python library provides an integrated platform for the analysis of macromolecular structures and interactions. It combines simple 3D file parsing and workup methods with more advanced analytical tools. SBILib includes modules for macromolecular interactions, loops, super-secondary structures, and biological sequences, as well as wrappers for external tools with which to integrate their results and facilitate the comparative analysis of protein structures and their complexes. The library can handle macromolecular complexes formed by proteins and/or nucleic acid molecules (i.e. DNA and RNA). It is uniquely capable of parsing and calculating protein super-secondary structure and loop geometry. We have compiled a list of example scenarios which SBILib may be applied to and provided access to these within the library.

Availability and implementation

SBILib is made available on Github at https://github.com/structuralbioinformatics/SBILib.
simpleaf: a simple, flexible, and scalable framework for single-cell data processing using alevin-fry
Authors: He Dongze , Patro Rob
Published: October 2023

The alevin-fry ecosystem provides a robust and growing suite of programs for single-cell data processing. However, as new single-cell technologies are introduced, as the community continues to adjust best practices for data processing, and as the alevin-fry ecosystem itself expands and grows, it is becoming increasingly important to manage the complexity of alevin-fry’s single-cell preprocessing workflows while retaining the performance and flexibility that make these tools enticing. We introduce simpleaf, a program that simplifies the processing of single-cell data using tools from the alevin-fry ecosystem, and adds new functionality and capabilities, while retaining the flexibility and performance of the underlying tools.

Availability and implementation

Simpleaf is written in Rust and released under a BSD 3-Clause license. It is freely available from its GitHub repository https://github.com/COMBINE-lab/simpleaf, and via bioconda. Documentation for simpleaf is available at https://simpleaf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ and tutorials for simpleaf that have been developed can be accessed at https://combine-lab.github.io/alevin-fry-tutorials.
The effects of heat stress on intrauterine development, reproductive function, and ovarian gene expression of F1 female mice as well as gene expression of F2 embryos
Authors: Silva José R , Souza-Fabjan Joanna M G , Bento Tays F M , Silva Robson Campos , Moura Cristiane R F , Bartlewski Pawel M , Batista Ribrio I T P
Published: October 2023

Exposure to heat stress (HS) in utero was postulated to trigger an adaptive molecular response that can be transmitted to the next generation. Hence, this study assessed the impact of HS exposure at different stages of the gestational period of mice on the female F1 population and their offspring. Heat stress exposure (41°C and 65% relative humidity—RH) occurred during the first half (FP), the second half (SP), or the entire pregnancy (TP). A control group (C) was maintained in normothermic conditions (25°C, 45% RH) throughout the experiment. Heat stress had a significant negative effect on intrauterine development, mainly when HS exposure occurred in the first half of pregnancy (FP and TP groups). Postnatal growth of FP and TP mice was hindered until 4 weeks of age. The total number of follicles per ovary did not vary (P > 0.05) between the control and HS-exposed groups. Mean numbers of primordial follicles were lower (P < 0.05) in the sexually mature FP than those in SP and TP F1 females. However, the mean number of viable embryos after superovulation was lower (P < 0.05) in TP compared with C group. The expression of genes associated with physiological and cellular response to HS, autophagy, and apoptosis was significantly affected in the ovarian tissue of F1 females and F2 in vivo-derived blastocysts in all HS-exposed groups. In conclusion, exposure to HS during pregnancy compromised somatic development and reproductive parameters as well as altered gene expression profile that was then transmitted to the next generation of mice.
The Place of Knowledge in Constructing Social Work Identity: Validating Vagueness
Authors: Daly Maura , McCulloch Trish , Smith Mark
Published: October 2023

Social work, globally, has struggled persistently to justify itself as an academic or professional discipline. Its terrain is not the academic high ground, where principles and concomitant courses of action seem clear, but the domain of practice, where knowledge and actions are plural, ambiguous, situated and contested. A consequence of the diffuse nature of social work knowledge and practice is that workers can struggle to articulate what it is they do by comparison to other professions where knowledge can appear more bounded. In this article, we explore the impact of this on the profession’s identity. The article is structured into three main sections: the first sets out some of social work's struggles with knowledge. We then introduce data from a Scottish study on the challenges social workers face to account for what they do. In the final section, we consider what this insecurity about a coherent knowledge base might mean for workers’ professional identity.
On the origin of F-wave: involvement of central synaptic mechanisms
Authors: Özyurt M Görkem , Nascimento Filipe , Brownstone Robert M , Beato Marco
Published: October 2023

Neurophysiological methods are used widely to gain information about motor neuron excitability and axon conduction in neurodegenerative diseases. The F-wave is a common biomarker used to test motor neuron properties in the diagnosis of neurological diseases. Although the origin of the F-wave is a subject of debate, the most widely accepted mechanism posits that the F-wave is generated by the backfiring of motor neurons stimulated antidromically from the periphery.

In this study, we developed an ex vivo mouse sciatic nerve-attached spinal cord preparation with sensory axons severed.

In this preparation, stimulation of the whole sciatic nerve or its tibial branch evoked responses with the electrophysiological signatures of F-waves. Manipulations of synaptic transmission by either removal of extracellular calcium or block of post-synaptic glutamate receptors abolished these responses.

These results suggest that F-waves are mediated by spinal microcircuits activated by recurrent motor axon collaterals via glutamatergic synapses.
Cerebral perfusion in post-stroke aphasia and its relationship to residual language abilities
Authors: Ivanova Maria V , Pappas Ioannis , Inglis Ben , Pracar Alexis L , Herron Timothy J , Baldo Juliana V , Kayser Andrew S , D’Esposito Mark , Dronkers Nina F
Published: October 2023

Stroke alters blood flow to the brain resulting in damaged tissue and cell death. Moreover, the disruption of cerebral blood flow (perfusion) can be observed in areas surrounding and distal to the lesion. These structurally preserved but suboptimally perfused regions may also affect recovery. Thus, to better understand aphasia recovery, the relationship between cerebral perfusion and language needs to be systematically examined. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate (i) how stroke affects perfusion outside of lesioned areas in chronic aphasia and (ii) how perfusion in specific cortical areas and perilesional tissue relates to language outcomes in aphasia. We analysed perfusion data from a large sample of participants with chronic aphasia due to left hemisphere stroke (n = 43) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 25). We used anatomically defined regions of interest that covered the frontal, parietal, and temporal areas of the perisylvian cortex in both hemispheres, areas typically known to support language, along with several control regions not implicated in language processing. For the aphasia group, we also looked at three regions of interest in the perilesional tissue. We compared perfusion levels between the two groups and investigated the relationship between perfusion levels and language subtest scores while controlling for demographic and lesion variables. First, we observed that perfusion levels outside the lesioned areas were significantly reduced in frontal and parietal regions in the left hemisphere in people with aphasia compared to the control group, while no differences were observed for the right hemisphere regions. Second, we found that perfusion in the left temporal lobe (and most strongly in the posterior part of both superior and middle temporal gyri) and inferior parietal areas (supramarginal gyrus) was significantly related to residual expressive and receptive language abilities. In contrast, perfusion in the frontal regions did not show such a relationship; no relationship with language was also observed for perfusion levels in control areas and all right hemisphere regions. Third, perilesional perfusion was only marginally related to language production abilities. Cumulatively, the current findings demonstrate that blood flow is reduced beyond the lesion site in chronic aphasia and that hypoperfused neural tissue in critical temporoparietal language areas has a negative impact on behavioural outcomes. These results, using perfusion imaging, underscore the critical and general role that left hemisphere posterior temporal regions play in various expressive and receptive language abilities. Overall, the study highlights the importance of exploring perfusion measures in stroke.