bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A full sequence of the Matuyama–Brunhes geomagnetic reversal in the Chiba composite section, Central Japan
Authors: Haneda Yuki , Okada Makoto , Suganuma Yusuke , Kitamura Takahiro
Published: September 2020

Geological records of the Matuyama–Brunhes (M–B) geomagnetic reversal facilitate the development of an age model for sedimentary and volcanic sequences and help decipher the dynamics of the Earth’s magnetic field. However, the structure of the geomagnetic field during the M–B geomagnetic reversal remains controversial due to its complex field behavior. In this study, we conducted paleo- and rock-magnetic analyses of samples from the Chiba composite section (CbCS), a continuous and expanded marine succession in Central Japan, to reconstruct the full sequence of the M–B geomagnetic reversal. We define an average stratigraphic position of the M–B boundary and estimate its age based on three sections in the CbCS and a neighboring drill core, TB-2. The average stratigraphic position of the M–B boundary in the CbCS is established at 1.1 ± 0.3 m above a widespread volcanic ash bed (the Byk-E tephra). Assuming a chronological error associated with orbital tuning of 5 kyr and stratigraphic uncertainty of 0.4 kyr, the M–B boundary in CbCS is at 772.9 ± 5.4 ka (1σ). The virtual geomagnetic pole, which is calculated from the paleomagnetic directions, shows several short fluctuations between 783 and 763 ka, with concomitant decreases in geomagnetic field intensity index. After termination of the field instabilities, the field intensity recovered and became higher than before the M–B boundary, with a stable normal polarity direction. The paleomagnetic records in the CbCS exhibit a field asymmetry between the axial dipole decay and field recovery, providing a full sequence of the M–B reversal, suggesting that the non-axial dipole field dominated several times during periods ca. 20 kyr long across the M–B boundary, due to depletion in the main axial dipole component. Our results provide probably the most detailed sedimentary record of the M–B geomagnetic reversal and offer valuable information to further understand the mechanism and dynamics of geomagnetic reversals.

Graphical abstract
Educational content and challenges encountered when training service user representatives as peer researchers in a mixed study on patient experience of hospital safety
Authors: Gross O. , Garabedian N. , Richard C. , Citrini M. , Sannié T. , Gagnayre R.
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives

In France, following the passing of a 2002 law, service user representatives (SURs) are part of hospital committees in charge of care quality and safety issues. Ten service user representatives (SURs) were recruited and trained as “peer researchers” to participate in all phases of a study aimed at outlining how patients experience hospital safety. This article aims to describe the study protocol and how peer researchers training was designed and implemented to prepare them to drive a qualitative and quantitative research. It also examines the challenges related to collaborative research and how these were resolved.

Methods

The way our training was conceived belongs to the field of “design-based research”, known for its pragmatic and collaborative scope, in which viewpoints of all participants are included. Our training was therefore based on peer researchers and research sponsors expectations, as well as on recommendations of the literature.

Results

A 45-h training was held. While the program was meant to train peer researchers to respect scientific norms, it also aimed to improve their sense of self-legitimacy as they navigated their new role. Peer researchers were particularly eager to understand meaning behind the instructions, especially in the field of ethical and scientific norms. Various challenges occurred related to project organization, recruitment and peer researchers involvement. Some issues were overcome by learning how to share control over the research process.

Conclusion

This experiment highlights the importance of a training program’s duration and quality to prepare SURs for their roles as peer investigators and to create a group dynamic around a research project, even with SURs familiar with patient involvement and our research theme (safety issues). Trainers overcame hurdles by being adaptive and by using educational approaches. They also learned to include trainees’ input, even when it forced them to reconsider their own assumptions.
Changes in the ability to participate in and satisfaction with social roles and activities in patients in outpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Tamminga Sietske J. , van Vree Félicie M. , Volker Gerard , Roorda Leo D. , Terwee Caroline B. , Goossens Paulien H. , Vliet Vlieland Thea P. M.
Published: September 2020

Background

One of the main aims of rehabilitation is to improve participation. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) item banks ‘Ability to Participate in Social roles and Activities, (PROMIS-APS) and ‘Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities’ (PROMIS-SPS) are promising options to measure participation, but the literature on PROMIS measures of (satisfaction with) participation across diagnoses in rehabilitation is limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe levels of and changes in participation, as assessed with the PROMIS-APS and the PROMIS-SPS short forms, of patients in outpatient rehabilitation.

Methods

This study had quantitative, observational design with assessments at admission and discharge. Consecutive patients treated between April and August 2018 receiving outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation were the population of this study. The following diagnosis categories were included: brain injury (e.g. stroke), spinal cord and nerve injury, neuromuscular disorder (e.g. lateral sclerosis), amputation, musculoskeletal condition (e.g. osteoarthritis) or heart or lung disease (e.g. myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The main patient-reported outcomes (PRO) of this study were the short form of the PROMIS-APS (8 items, Dutch general population reference score 50.6 [SD 9.5]), and PROMIS-SPS (8 items, Dutch general population reference score 47.5 [SD 8.3].

Results

Of the 1279 patients invited, 777 (61%) completed the online forms at admission. Of those, 329 patients were invited at discharge, with 209 (64%) completing the forms. The mean (SD) T-scores of the PROMIS-APS and PROMIS-SPS were lower at admission (42.7 [SD 7.4]; (41.4 [SD 7.7]) and discharge (43.6 [SD 7.2]; (43.7 [SD 7.8]) than the Dutch general population. The change scores of the PROMIS-APS and PROMIS-SPS were 1.2 (95% CI 0.4–1.9; p = 0.004; effect size 0.16), and 2.4 (95% CI 1.6–3.2; p < 0.0001; effect size 0.31), respectively. In all diagnostic subgroups with > 30 paired measurements statistically significant improvements of PROMIS-APS, PROMIS-SPS or both were seen.

Conclusions

Patients undergoing outpatient rehabilitation had, both at admission and discharge, considerably lower PROMIS-APS and PROMIS-SPS T-scores short forms than the general Dutch population, and showed small T-score improvements at discharge.
Tracing the origins of rendang and its development
Authors: Rahman Fadly
Published: September 2020

One of the most Indonesian popular food isrendang. In recent years, the popularity of this food goes upward to foreign countries after CNN’s polling in 2011, and 2017 placedrendangat the first number of the most delicious food in the world. Along this time,rendangis often associated with the culture of Malay and Minangkabau. Nevertheless, this research tries to trace the historicity ofrendangand also the possibility of foreign culinary influences which shapes this Minangkabau’s food heritage. By employing the historical method supported with the reading of various primary sources, this article traces the trail ofrendangand resulted fact findings related to foreign culinary influences in West Sumatra and also its development in becoming an Indonesian national food.
The added value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in assessment of treatment response of secondary malignant osseous lesions: our experience
Authors: Abdelmohsen Mohsen Ahmed , Omar Walid Mohamed
Published: September 2020

Background

Bone metastasis can be noted in the course of many primary malignant neoplastic lesions; breast and prostate cancers are the most frequent, but lung, kidney, and thyroid malignancies frequently metastasize to bones. Secondary osseous lymphomatous infiltrations is relatively uncommon and mainly noted in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). By adding the metabolic changes to the conventional CT morphologic changes, combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) may offer clinically useful addition in assessment of treatment response of these lesions and offer helpful judgment for the different oncologic therapeutic regimens.

Results

The study included 45 patients, 24 females (53.33%) and 21 males (46.66%). Showing bone dominant or isolated bony secondary malignant infiltrations. The study included 24 patients with history of breast cancer (53.33%), 12 patients with history of lymphoma (26.66%), and 9 patients (20%) with history of lung cancer. All the bony lesions included in the study were multiple lesions in each patient, classified into mixed lytic and sclerotic bony lesions in 21 patients (46.66%), sclerotic lesions in 12 patients (26.66%), and radiologically occult lesions or osteopenic areas in 12 patients (26.66%). The most accurate SUV max cut-off value among studied cases was 4, taking the lesion with highest SUV max value as the reference standard, with measurements taken before and after the medical regimen with six months interval. Confirmation of PET/CT results was done by serial post management follow up at 6 months interval and 1 year interval.

Conclusion

PET/CT study is an effective tool for assessment of treatment response for ossoues secondary malignant lesions.
A case report of colouterine fistula due to colonic diverticulitis: a rare complication
Authors: Pandey Shweta , Maheshwari Saurabh , Rajesh Uddandam , Grewal Darshan Singh , Maria Vibhuti
Published: September 2020

Background

Colouterine fistula is a very rare entity because of the sturdy and muscular nature of the uterus. Due to the rarity of this condition and nonspecific clinical findings, it poses a diagnostic challenge to treating physicians.

Case presentation

Here, we report a case of a 64-year-old female, who presented with lower abdominal pain. Clinically, there was suspicion of a recto-vaginal fistula. However, on imaging, she was found to have a colouterine fistula secondary to sigmoid diverticulitis.

Conclusion

It is essential to be aware of this rare complication of sigmoid diverticulitis. The imaging plays a cardinal role in the diagnosis and guiding the management of this disease.
Multiple biliary hamartomas “von Meyenberg complexes” in a newborn: a unique observation
Authors: Hassan Moaied A.
Published: September 2020

Background

Biliary hamartomas are rare benign bile duct malformations consisting of multiple collections of localized duct-like structures that are lined by biliary epithelium and embedded in a fibrous stroma. In general, these malformations are asymptomatic and are usually detected incidentally during imaging, surgical exploration, or autopsy. Previously, the definitive diagnosis of these lesions was possible only with liver biopsy. The use of advanced imaging modalities made it possible to establish the diagnosis when undoubtful imaging findings are evident.

Case presentation

We present a 25-day-old male newborn who was referred to our institution with jaundice, abdominal distension, and abdominal U/S that revealed hepatomegaly and involvement of both lobes of the liver with diffuse cystic lesions of variable sizes and echogenicity without a diagnostic suggestion. We discuss the details of imaging findings that enabled to establish the diagnosis of multiple biliary hamartomas and brief the patient’s status on follow-up.

Conclusion

Up to our best knowledge, the diagnosis of multiple biliary hamartomas has not been previously reported among newborns, making this report an extremely rare if not a unique observation.
Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of serum calcium channel α2δ1 subunit in hepatocellular carcinoma-related cirrhosis
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Elmetwally , Bayoumi Essam , Khayyal Ahmed E , Al Refaey Al Saied , Elessawy Hagar
Published: September 2020

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest malignancies worldwide that carries a bad prognosis particularly in Egypt due to the high prevalence of HCV burden. Late diagnosis of HCC especially in cirrhosis suffering-liver is one of the causes that worsen HCC outcome. Identification of molecular pathways of HCC will open the gate for early diagnosis and effective management. Oscillation of calcium controlled by the α2δ1 subunit has been proposed as one of the mechanisms in tumor-initiating cell properties of HCC. In this study, we aim to evaluate the serum α2δ1 subunit level as a biological marker for HCC. A total of 90 participants were enrolled, 40 patients with HCC, 40 patients with cirrhosis, and 10 healthy volunteers; serum level of α2δ1 was assessed in all participants with ELISA

Results

The mean serum levels of α2δ1 were significantly higher in HCC group (19.53 ± 6.87 ng/dL) than cirrhotic (6.24 ± 2.64 ng/dL) and control groups (0.67 ± 0.48 ng/dL) (P = 0.001). There was no significance between α2δ1 and etiology of liver disease as viral (HCV, HBV) or non-viral (P = 0.14).

Conclusion

α2δ1 subunit may serve as a potential non-invasive marker with excellent sensitivity for diagnosis of HCC regardless of the etiology of liver disease.
Design and performance evaluation of a device for determination of specific heat capacity of thermal insulators
Authors: Etuk Sunday Edet , Robert Ubong Williams , Agbasi Okechukwu Ebuka
Published: September 2020

Background

Specific heat capacity is one of the prominent and deciding factors for selection of thermal insulation materials in thermal engineering. In recent times, there has been a great advancement in the manufacturing of a variety of advanced materials in order to meet the modern needs for thermal insulation. Unfortunately, certain drawbacks like high cost of procurement, low accuracy, and limited suitability are associated with the current device that can be used to probe the specific heat capacities of thermal insulators. Thus, there is need to devise a means of addressing the situation. A device, named SEUR’s apparatus, was designed, constructed, and used to determine specific heat capacities of some thermal insulators. Measurements were taken on 2 days, and KD2-pro meter was employed to obtain reference values.

Results

The percentage error values in the specific heat capacity of plastic (solid), asbestos, and paperboard were found to be 0.09%, 0.14%, and 0.13% for day 1 measurements and 0.08%, 0.17%, and 0.13% for day 2 measurements, respectively. Reproducibility values of 7.4%, 6.4%, and 8.2% were obtained for the plastic, asbestos and paperboard, respectively. These values fall within the range for unconditional acceptability of a test device.

Conclusion

Results obtained with the use of the SEUR’s apparatus are reliable, valid, and of high accuracy. The apparatus is cost-effective and very suitable for use in quick determination of specific heat capacity of porous, non-porous, homogeneous, or heterogeneous thermal insulating materials.
Effect of pipe-cooling system on thermal-mechanical behaviour of PC box bridge girders at hydration age
Authors: Song Chaojie , Zhang Gang , Wen Hao , Zhang Yongfei
Published: September 2020

Prestressed concrete (PC) box bridge girders on the pier top is prone to generate thermal cracks due to large inner-outer temperature difference at hydration age. This paper presents an approach for investigating behaviour of PC box bridge girders at early age of curing. First, based on measured data from a typical PC box bridge girder, an inverse analysis method for adiabatic temperature rise function of concrete hydration heat is proposed using genetic algorithm and thermal analysis. Then, a thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling model is established, using the computer program ANSYS incorporating time-dependent wind speed and ambient temperature, to analyse thermal mechanical behaviour of PC box bridge girders considering pipe-cooling system. Subsequently, parametric studies are carried out to evaluate influence of cooling time, cooling water flow rate, cooling water temperature and cooling period on temperature and stress of PC box bridge girders during curing. Results from analysis show that the principal tensile stress generated in the vicinity of pipe increases more rapidly during cooling, while the temperature and principal tensile stress can be significantly reduced when cooling is terminated. Increasing cooling time, cooling water flow rate or decreasing cooling water temperature can reduce the highest temperature. However, unreasonable value of these cooling parameters will cause PC box bridge girders cracking due to excessive principal tensile stress around pipe. Both one-stage and two-stage cooling are effective measures to minimize the adverse effects of hydration heat in PC box bridge girders.
Optimizing the Efficacy of Learning Objectives through Pretests
Authors: Sana Faria , Forrin Noah D. , Sharma Mrinalini , Dubljevic Tamara , Ho Peter , Jalil Ezza , Kim Joseph A.
Published: September 2020

The inclusion of learning objectives at the beginning of a lesson is widely adopted in science education, but do they improve learning? Three controlled lab studies systematically explore how learning objectives can be optimized to lead to learning gains.
Attention Matters: How Orchestrating Attention May Relate to Classroom Learning
Authors: Keller Arielle S. , Davidesco Ido , Tanner Kimberly D.
Published: September 2020

Attention is the gateway between information and learning, yet there is much we do not know about how instructors orchestrate attention in classrooms. A framework is presented for understanding attention in the classroom to explore how different approaches to the same active-learning strategy might vary in how effectively they direct attention.
Executive Perspectives
Authors: Bakamjian Ted
Published: September 2020

I found a vinyl record in some wet grass one day about 50 years ago while walking home from high school. It had no dust jacket and no paper sleeve to protect it, and it was damp and scuffed up. What a find! It was “Truth,” the debut album by The Jeff Beck Group, which in addition to the legendary guitarist features vocalist Rod Stewart (not the same guy as SEG's past president but almost as cool).
Near-surface characterization using a roadside distributed acoustic sensing array
Authors: Yuan Siyuan , Lellouch Ariel , Clapp Robert G. , Biondi Biondo
Published: September 2020

Due to the broadband nature of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) measurement, a roadside section of the Stanford DAS-2 array can record seismic signals from various sources. For example, it measures the earth's quasistatic deformation caused by the weight of cars (less than 0.8 Hz) as well as Rayleigh waves induced by earthquakes (less than 3 Hz) and by dynamic car-road interactions (3–20 Hz). We directly utilize the excited surface waves for shallow shear-wave velocity inversion. Rayleigh waves induced by passing cars have a consistent fundamental mode and a noisier first mode. By stacking dispersion images of 33 passing cars, we obtain stable dispersion images. The frequency range of the fundamental mode can be extended by adding the low-frequency earthquake-induced Rayleigh waves. Due to the extended frequency range, we can achieve better depth coverage and resolution for shear-wave velocity inversion. To assure clear separation from Love waves and to align apparent and true phase velocities, we choose an earthquake that is approximately in line with the array. The inverted models match those obtained by a conventional geophone survey, performed using active sources by a geotechnical service company contracted by Stanford University, from the surface to about 50 m. To automate the VS inversion process, we introduce a new objective function that avoids manual dispersion curve picking. We construct a 2D VS profile by performing independent 1D inversions at multiple locations along the fiber. From the low-frequency quasistatic deformation recordings, we also invert for a single Poisson's ratio at each location along the fiber. We observe spatial heterogeneity of both VS and Poisson's ratio profiles. Our approach is less expensive than ambient field interferometry, and reliable estimates can be obtained more frequently because no lengthy crosscorrelations are required.
Seismic Soundoff
Authors: Geary Andrew
Published: September 2020

Machine learning and artificial intelligence are two trendy but important topics in geophysics. In this episode, host Andrew Geary speaks with Distinguished Lecturer Aria Abubakar about his 2020 tour titled, “Potential and challenges of applying artificial intelligence and machine learning methods for geoscience.” This conversation explores machine learning and artificial intelligence from multiple angles. Listen to the full episode at https://seg.org/podcast/post/9101 .
Overreaction in Macroeconomic Expectations
Authors: Bordalo Pedro , Gennaioli Nicola , Ma Yueran , Shleifer Andrei
Published: September 2020

We study the rationality of individual and consensus forecasts of macroeconomic and financial variables using the methodology of Coibion and Gorodnichenko (2015), who examine predictability of forecast errors from forecast revisions. We find that individual forecasters typically overreact to news, while consensus forecasts under-react relative to full-information rational expectations. We reconcile these findings within a diagnostic expectations version of a dispersed information learning model. Structural estimation indicates that departures from Bayesian updating in the form of diagnostic overreaction capture important variation in forecast biases across different series, yielding a belief distortion parameter similar to estimates obtained in other settings. (JEL C53, D83, D84, E13, E17, E27, E47)
Household Debt Revaluation and the Real Economy: Evidence from a Foreign Currency Debt Crisis
Authors: Verner Emil , Gyöngyösi Győző
Published: September 2020

We examine the consequences of a sudden increase in household debt burdens by exploiting variation in exposure to household foreign currency debt during Hungary’s late-2008 currency crisis. The revaluation of debt burdens causes higher default rates and a collapse in spending. These responses lead to a worse local recession, driven by a decline in local demand, and negative spillover effects on nearby borrowers without foreign currency debt. The estimates translate into an output multiplier on higher debt service of 1.67. The impact of debt revaluation is particularly severe when foreign currency debt is concentrated on household, rather than firm, balance sheets. (JEL E21, E32, F34, G51)
Diversity of Fish Species and Physico-chemical Assessment of Dejla Dewda Reservoir Khargone (M.P.) - India
Authors: Gokhale Golden , Ishfaq Pir Mohammad , Sharma G D
Published: September 2020

The aim of this work was to find the seasonal variations of physico-chemical properties of the Dejla Dewda reservoir. The physico-chemical characteristics have been studied and analysed in the present investigation during Nov 2016 to Dec 2017.Water samples were collected from three sampling stations, changes in the physico-chemical parameters of water, such as Water temperature, transparency, alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Biological oxygen demand (BOD), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and pH were analysed. The result was compared with the water quality standard of WHO. Between various physico-chemical parameters systematic calculation of average and standard deviation was done to compare the water quality level at different stations. During the investigation period of one year, 24 species of fishes belonging to 03 orders and 06 families were recorded. Therefore, monitoring of the water quality of sampling sites of Dejla Dewda reservoir should be done at regular intervals to facilitate the growth of fish species. It was observed during the study that this reservoir water is not much polluted and supports high diversity of aquatic animals.
METÁFORAS CONCEPTUAIS E FRAMES SOBRE A DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER COMO EPIDEMIA / Conceptual metaphors and frames on alzheimer's disease as an epidemic
Authors: Martins Suelen
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivos mostrar, em dois corpora, formados por matérias brasileiras e norte-americanas on-line de divulgação científica, como ocorre o funcionamento dessas metáforas bem como evidenciar quais frames são observados na tessitura desses textos, por via de expressões linguísticas e de seus respectivos itens lexicais, uma noção da doença como uma epidemia. O arcabouço teórico é composto por textos que tratam das noções de metáfora conceptual, Lakoff e Johnson (1980), de metáfora primária, Grady (1997), de Semântica de frames, Fillmore (1982, 2006), frame e Doença de Alzheimer, Van Gorp e Vercruysse (2012), dentre outros. Para tanto, montamos um corpus composto por matérias de divulgação científica sobre a Doença de Alzheimer, publicadas em sites de jornais on-line brasileiros e norte-americanos e coletadas em um período entre janeiro de 2011 e julho de 2017. O tratamento dos dados é feito com o auxílio de metodologia de análise metafórica adaptada de Stefanowitschi e Gries (2006), tendo a ferramenta AntConc como apoio para seleção e compilação dos dados, assim como a FrameNet nos ajuda a compreender os frames. Concluímos preliminarmente que esses recursos cognitivos, presentes em nossa vida cotidiana, funcionam como ferramenta para resolver, em primeiro momento, o problema do léxico especializado, típico da instância especializada. Afirmamos que as metáforas epidêmicas dão noção de que a doença tem alto alcance e são essas metáforas e frames que chamam a atenção para a situação de calamidade pública relacionada à Doença de Alzheimer.
VARIAÇÃO CONSTRUCIONAL EM PERSPECTIVA: PREDICAÇÃO VERBAL / Constructional variation in perspective: verbal predication
Authors: Machado Vieira Marcia Dos Santos
Published: September 2020

Três problemas mobilizam a problematização e a descrição presentes neste artigo: (i) a relação de associação entre usos de certos predicadores ou predicações verbais (CAPPELLE, 2006), (ii) a necessidade de representação do fenômeno de variação na Gramática de Construções do Português (AUTOR, 2016), (iii) a tensão entre iconicidade e arbitrariedade. Para a descrição que visa a ilustrar o ponto de vista a que em foco, contamos com síntese de resultados de investigações empíricas sobre usos licenciados por certas construções de predicação, alguns dos quais nem sempre perfilados nas descrições do Português. Para a discussão que esperamos estimular a partir da problematização posta neste artigo, contamos com conceitos teóricos como: sinonímia; variação linguística; problema de restrição (que se liga ao de preempção estatística); perspectivação; construção. Em linhas gerais, ilustramos variação recorrendo a três tipos de predicação: predicação de mudança de estado ou propriedade; predicação com pronome se; predicação com verbo suporte.
PARECERISTAS DO NÚMERO 19
Authors: Revista Pensares Em
Published: September 2020

Lista dos pareceristas do número 19
The impact of COVID-19 on trauma and orthopaedic patients requiring surgery during the peak of the pandemic
Authors: Mackay Nicola D , Wilding Christopher P , Langley Clare R , Young Jonathan
Published: September 2020

Aims

COVID-19 represents one of the greatest global healthcare challenges in a generation. Orthopaedic departments within the UK have shifted care to manage trauma in ways that minimize exposure to COVID-19. As the incidence of COVID-19 decreases, we explore the impact and risk factors of COVID-19 on patient outcomes within our department.

Methods

We retrospectively included all patients who underwent a trauma or urgent orthopaedic procedure from 23 March to 23 April 2020. Electronic records were reviewed for COVID-19 swab results and mortality, and patients were screened by telephone a minimum 14 days postoperatively for symptoms of COVID-19.

Results

A total of 214 patients had orthopaedic surgical procedures, with 166 included for analysis. Patients undergoing procedures under general or spinal anaesthesia had a higher risk of contracting perioperative COVID-19 compared to regional/local anaesthesia (p = 0.0058 and p = 0.0007, respectively). In all, 15 patients (9%) had a perioperative diagnosis of COVID-19, 14 of whom had fragility fractures; six died within 30 days of their procedure (40%, 30-day mortality). For proximal femoral fractures, our 30-day mortality was 18.2%, compared to 7% in 2019.

Conclusion

Based on our findings, patients undergoing procedures under regional or local anaesthesia have minimal risk of developing COVID-19 perioperatively. Those with multiple comorbidities and fragility fractures have a higher morbidity and mortality if they contract COVID-19 perioperatively; therefore, protective care pathways could go some way to mitigate the risk. Our 30-day mortality of proximal femoral fractures was 18.2% during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to the annual national average of 6.1% in 2018 and the University Hospital Coventry average of 7% for the same period in 2019, as reported in the National Hip Fracture Database. Patients undergoing procedures under general or spinal anaesthesia at the peak of the pandemic had a higher risk of contracting perioperative COVID-19 compared to regional block or local anaesthesia. We question whether young patients undergoing day-case procedures under regional block or local anaesthesia with minimal comorbidities require fourteen days self-isolation; instead, we advocate that compliance with personal protective equipment, a negative COVID-19 swab three days prior to surgery, and screening questionnaire may be sufficient. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-9:520–529.
How can surgery be supported to recover safely from COVID-19?
Authors: Sayburn A
Published: September 2020

The pandemic has instigated countless distressing experiences for the NHS workforce. In looking to the future, Anna Sayburn investigates whether a return to 'normal' is possible.
The new language of surgery: WFH, LTFT and other ‘flexible’ phrases
Authors: Meyer F
Published: September 2020

The evolution of surgical praxes.
Deceiving patients
Authors: Wheeler Robert
Published: September 2020

Each month we take a close look at a recent legal case with implications for the surgical profession.
Aviation Risk Assessment in the Context of Uncertainty
Authors: PIETREANU Casandra Venera , ZAHARIA Sorin Eugen , IORDACHE Valentin Marian
Published: September 2020

The paper analysis a subject insufficiently addressed or even misunderstood (i.e. uncertainty) in relation to describing aviation safety, financial or social risks. In the context of Covid-19 pandemic, uncertainty becomes a habit and the aviation industry has to confront and mitigate it. The study outlines the characteristics of risks under uncertainty, conditions for triggering risks and the importance of proper understanding of notions as an instrument for collaborative decision making and managerial success. After reviewing various studies, the authors differentiate the informally use of the two terms from the academic (formal) one and highlight the distinction between real and perceived risk influenced by uncertainty. Finally, a research on the limitations of different performance related indicators while dealing with unclear, imprecise or incomplete knowledge is achieved.
Soliton mode-locked pulse generation with a bulk structured MXene Ti3AlC2 deposited onto a D-shaped fiber
Authors: Jafry A. A. A. , Rosol A. H. A. , Kasim N. , Muhammad A. R. , Rulaningtyas R. , Yasin M. , Harun S. W.
Published: September 2020

We propose a bulk structured MXene,

T
i

3

A
l
C

2

deposited onto D-shaped fiber for soliton generation in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity. Our saturable absorber (SA) device, based on MAX phase, was prepared by using stirring and ultrasonic vibration, which offer easier sample preparation compared with its 2D counterparts. By means of the polishing wheel technique, we fabricated a D-shaped fiber with a controlled polishing depth and incorporated the MAX phase

T
i

3

A
l
C

2

solution onto its polishing region. We obtained a mode-locked soliton pulse with the proposed MAX phase D-shaped (MAX-DS) SA in EDFL cavity. The pulse width, repetition rate, and central wavelength of the pulse train are 2.21 ps, 1.89 MHz, and 1557.63 nm, respectively. The polarization-insensitive EDFL cavity initiated a soliton operation with superior stability as the pump power tuned from 21 to 131 mW; further, the ML laser exhibits an average power of 15.3 mW, peak power of 3.8 kW, and pump efficiency of 12.5%. The MAX-DS SA incorporated inside the EDFL reveals efficient output performance, with a pulse energy of 8.14 nJ, the highest ever reported, to our best knowledge, among D-shaped fiber-based SA.
Characteristics of high-power partially coherent laser beams propagating upwards in the turbulent atmosphere
Authors: Deng Yu , Wang Huan , Ji Xiaoling , Li Xiaoqing , Yu Hong , Chen Lifeng
Published: September 2020

The characteristics of high-power partially coherent laser beams propagating upwards in the turbulent atmosphere are studied, where the principal features of diffraction, nonlinear self-focusing and turbulence are considered. Based on the “thin window” model, the analytical propagation formulae are derived by using the quadratic approximation of the nonlinear phase shift. It is found that the turbulence effect plays an important role in beam propagation characteristics. But the turbulence and self-focusing effects can be suppressed by increasing the laser elevation. Furthermore, the influence of laser elevation on the turbulence effect is stronger than that on the self-focusing effect, and influence of laser elevation on the self-focusing effect is stronger than that on the diffraction effect. In particular, the optimal focal length and wavelength are proposed to decrease the beam spot size on the target.
Fast-tracking of single emitters in large volumes with nanometer precision
Authors: Louis Boris , Camacho Rafael , Bresolí-Obach Roger , Abakumov Sergey , Vandaele Johannes , Kudo Testsuhiro , Masuhara Hiroshi , Scheblykin Ivan G. , Hofkens Johan , Rocha Susana
Published: September 2020

Multifocal plane microscopy allows for capturing images at different focal planes simultaneously. Using a proprietary prism which splits the emitted light into paths of different lengths, images at 8 different focal depths were obtained, covering a volume of 50x50x4 µm3. The position of single emitters was retrieved using a phasor-based approach across the different imaging planes, with better than 10 nm precision in the axial direction. We validated the accuracy of this approach by tracking fluorescent beads in 3D to calculate water viscosity. The fast acquisition rate (>100 fps) also enabled us to follow the capturing of 0.2 µm fluorescent beads into an optical trap.
Polarization-independent high diffraction efficiency two-dimensional grating based on cylindrical hole nano arrays
Authors: Zhou Bin , Jia Wei , Sun Peng , Wang Jin , Liu Weicheng , Zhou Changhe
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we propose a reflective two-dimensional (2D) metal-dielectric grating based on cylindrical hole nano arrays with excellent polarization-independent high diffraction efficiency. The effects of the geometrical parameters on the polarization characteristic and diffraction efficiency are studied. Optimized results show that the (-1, 0) order diffraction efficiency of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations under Littrow mounting is 98.31% and 98.05% at 780 nm incident wavelength, and the diffraction efficiency equilibrium is 99.74%, which is a significant improvement over the previously reported 2D gratings. The high efficiency in both TE and TM polarizations makes it a potential candidate as planar grating rulers for high precision multi-axis displacement measurement. Moreover, the cylindrical hole-based structure performs well in manufacturing tolerances, which provides the possibility for practical applications.
Transparent planar indium tin oxide for a thermo-photovoltaic selective emitter
Authors: Chen Yu-Bin , Parashar Parag , Yang Yi-Hua , Rawat Tejender Singh , Chen Shih-Wei , Shen Chang-Hong , Chang Da-Chiang , Shieh Jia-Ming , Yu Pei-Chen , Tseng Tseung-Yuen , Lin Albert S.
Published: September 2020

Designing an efficient emitter design is an important step for achieving a highly efficient TPV conversion process. Wavelength-selective emissivity, spectra match between the emitter and TPV cells, and high thermal stability are three main characteristics that must be considered before implementing the emitter. In this work, an indium tin oxide (ITO)/sapphire emitter structure is investigated for TPV application over the temperature range from 200°C to 1000°C. A 1-µm-thick ITO layer is deposited on a 650-µm-thick sapphire substrate. In addition, 50-nm-thick SiO2 is deposited on top of the ITO to enhance the performance of emitter at high temperatures. High-temperature emissivity and absorptivity measurement of the emitter samples are obtained using FTIR and a Hitachi U-4100 spectrophotometer, respectively. The resultant SiO2/ITO/sapphire/stainless-steel planar emitter structure has selective emission with high emissivity of ∼0.8 in the 1–1.6 µm wavelength regime at 1000°C. This emission range lies at the bandgap edge of silicon TPV cells and thus can be used to harness the true potential for making a low-cost thermophotovoltaic system.
Research and Industry News
Authors: Daukantas Patricia , Kim Meeri , Moser Molly , Wills Stewart , Kirkland Alessia
Published: September 2020

WGM resonators aid electron microscopy / Imaging brushstrokes /
Low-power OCT / Putting UV-C to work / Spin qubits/ COVID-19 and Europe /
Spider-silk-based lens
An exploratory study of academic writing literacy and research skills of graduate business students
Authors: Nikoulina Anna
Published: September 2020

The paper investigates the state of academic writing literacy and research skills of graduate business program students based on an evaluation of assessment rubric evaluations. Results indicate that graduate business program students have sufficient general writing skills, but struggle when applying these to academic writing for a specific discipline. Results also show that students have significant deficiencies when it comes to research skills. This paper discusses the implications of these outcomes and proposes a number of recommendations for program managers
Rich Pickings: Creative professional development activities for University Lecturers
Authors: Anderson Lorraine
Published: September 2020

Book review
Armenia in Public Perceptions: The Case of Armenian Youth
Authors: Sargsyan Marine
Published: September 2020

To download this paper, please click here
This article is informed by a trip to Armenia and fieldwork in the capital city of Yerevan. Based on findings and evidence from fifty interviews conducted in Armenia and the diaspora, in conjunction with mobility research analysis, this paper explores the changes Armenian society has undergone since the 1990s and how shifts in world politics reflect on the country's reconnection with its European bonds. The general question is whether the new generation of Armenians identifies itself more closely with Russian or European society. To arrive at an answer, the article elaborates on Armenia's relations with Russia and the European Union, revealing the key factors that influence the orientation of Armenian society in contemporary history.  The article, therefore, aims to contribute to understandings of past and present Armenian society, and the factors that affect and determine their cultural identityand foreign policy choice, as well as their sense of belonging.
EFEITOS DOS SISTEMAS DE CONTROLE GERENCIAL E DO COMPARTILHAMENTO DE INFORMAÇÕES NO RISCO INTERORGANIZACIONAL DE UMA REDE DE FRANQUIA
Authors: Da Silva Alini , Beuren Ilse Maria
Published: September 2020

Este estudo analisa os efeitos dos sistemas de controle gerencial interativo e diagnóstico no risco interorganizacional, mediados pelo compartilhamento de informações, em uma rede de franquia. Uma pesquisa de levantamento foi realizada em uma rede de franquia brasileira do segmento de saúde, beleza e bem-estar, com 3.817 unidades, e obteve-se um total de 96 respostas válidas. Para análise dos dados foi aplicada a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados apontaram que o uso interativo e diagnóstico de sistemas de controle não impactou significativamente e de forma direta no risco interorganizacional, porém quando mediado pelo compartilhamento de informações, o uso interativo se associou com a diminuição do risco interorganizacional. Observou-se ainda que o uso interativo de sistemas de controle influenciou para o aumento do compartilhamento de informações e o compartilhamento de informações influenciou para a diminuição do risco interorganizacional. Conclui-se que somente pelo uso dos sistemas de controle gerencial não há diminuição do risco interorganizacional, mas quando este proporciona um ambiente de compartilhamento de informações beneficia a rede de cooperação pela diminuição dos riscos. Contribuiu-se ao observar que o compartilhamento de informações via uso de sistemas de controle gerencial pode ser crucial para a redução de riscos da rede de franquia.
EVIDÊNCIAS DE ISOMORFISMO E DECOUPLING NA GESTÃO DE CONTROLADORIAS MUNICIPAIS DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Lopes Gabriela Brandão , Valadares Josiel Lopes , Azevedo Ricardo Rocha de , Brunozi Júnior Antônio Carlos
Published: September 2020

A pesquisa analisa as práticas em operação em sistemas de controle interno de municípios, buscando fatores que explicariam sua institucionalização nos governos municipais de Belo Horizonte e Uberlândia. A pesquisa valeu-se de dados coletados por meio de documentos, observação direta e entrevistas em profundidade, os quais foram analisados utilizando-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que mecanismos isomórficos, coercitivos, miméticos e normativos são utilizados no processo de institucionalização de novas práticas de controle interno nos governos subnacionais analisados, sendo as práticas adotadas sobretudo em decorrência de pressões e monitoramento de órgãos externos de controle, como os Tribunais de Contas. Além disso, percebeu-se em Belo Horizonte a autonomia organizacional da entidade, que busca por legitimação perante outros órgãos, e em Uberlândia foram constatados fatores contingenciais que prejudicam a institucionalização de novas práticas de controle, conjugados à sobrecarga de serviços operacionais para o setor, o que limita a execução de trabalhos técnicos. Nem todas as práticas de controle estão efetivamente institucionalizadas o que permitiu inferir que essas são adotadas apenas de modo cerimonial, ou seja, há presença do decoupling em práticas de controle concomitante, sobretudo na controladoria de Uberlândia. Os resultados ainda indicam que há resistência dos servidores à adoção de novas práticas de controle interno, o que influencia no seu processo de institucionalização. Percebeu-se nesse trabalho que o bom desempenho das atividades do controle interno em governos locais tende a estar relacionado à sua estrutura organizacional, autonomia, independência e existência de atores capacitados, experientes e com poder, o que aumenta o capital institucional da organização e, por consequência, sua efetividade.
DIVULGAÇÃO DE DESPESAS COM P&D VERSUS INOVAÇÃO: UM ESTUDO NAS EMPRESAS LISTADAS NA B3
Authors: Adriano Nayana de Almeida , Medeiros Jislene Trindade , Vasconcelos Alessandra Carvalho de , De Luca Márcia Martins Mendes
Published: September 2020

Investiga-se a influência da divulgação de despesas com pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) no nível de inovação nas empresas brasileiras listadas na B3. Adicionalmente, foi analisada a influência da governança corporativa na divulgação de despesas com P&D e da divulgação das despesas da empresa com P&D no seu valor de mercado. A amostra reúne todas as 350 empresas listadas na B3 no período de 2015 a 2017. Comoproxypara inovação, utilizou-se o número de patentes registradas pela empresa, de acordo com o websiteEspacenet. Como proxypara governança corporativa, foi utilizada a participação da empresa em um dos níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa. E como proxypara valor de mercado, empregou-se o Q de Tobin. A partir do teste de Mann-Whitney, verificou-se que as empresas que divulgam despesas com P&D apresentam número de patentes e valor de mercado superiores aos das empresas que não as divulgam. Entretanto, os resultados da regressão revelaram que nas empresas da amostra a divulgação de despesas com P&D não influencia o nível de inovação. De acordo com o modelo de regressão logística, evidenciou-se que as empresas participantes dos níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa apresentam maior propensão a divulgar as despesas com P&D, comparativamente àquelas não listadas. Por meio da regressão pelo Método dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários, evidenciou-se que a divulgação de despesas com P&D não impacta o valor da firma. Esses resultados fornecem a reguladores, investidores e intermediários evidências de que nas empresas da amostra a divulgação de despesas com P&D não influencia o nível de inovação, e sugerem que a inovação pode advir não apenas de atividades internas de P&D, ou que as empresas não vêm divulgando essa informação com o nível de qualidade desejável.
O processo de aprendizagem e a relação com a comunidade nas escolas do campo multisseriadas
Authors: Macedo Ziliotto Denise , Souza de Vargas Ferreira Rita de Cassia
Published: September 2020

Este artigo analisa as escolas multisseriadas situadas no contexto do campo, buscando identificar as singularidades desta modalidade de oferta educativa, especialmente os processos pedagógicos e as relações estabelecidas com a comunidade. A investigação qualitativa de cunho exploratório, foi desenvolvida em cinco escolas multisseriadas da região denominada Rota das Terras (RS), a partir de entrevistas, observação participante, fotografias e documentos, analisados sob a perspectiva hermenêutica. Como resultados da pesquisa, salienta-se a expressiva participação da comunidade na escola em atividades pedagógicas e administrativas, o restrito acompanhamento pedagógico aos professores pelas secretarias municipais de Educação e a prevalência da seriação neste contexto. Salienta-se a importância de estudos que proporcionem a visibilidade das escolas multisseriadas, considerando suas potencialidades e desafios enquanto proposta pedagógica, numa perspectiva não hegemônica de Educação.