bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of newly developed atrial fibrillation by alcohol consumption differs according to genetic predisposition to alcohol metabolism: a large-scale cohort study with UK Biobank
Authors: Park Chan Soon , Choi Jaewon , Choi JungMin , Lee Kyung-Yeon , Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Kwon Soonil , Lee So-Ryoung , Choi Eue-Keun , Kwak Soo Heon , Oh Seil
Published: December 2023

Background

The predictive relationship between mild-to-moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial.

Objective

We investigated whether the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of incident AF could be associated with the genetic predisposition to alcohol metabolism.

Methods

A total of 399,329 subjects with genetic data from the UK Biobank database, enrolled between 2006 and 2010, were identified and followed for incident AF until 2021. Genetic predisposition to alcohol metabolism was stratified according to the polygenic risk score (PRS) tertiles. Alcohol consumption was categorized as non-drinkers, mild-to-moderate drinkers (< 30 g/day), and heavy drinkers (≥ 30 g/day).

Results

During the follow-up (median 12.2 years), 19,237 cases of AF occurred. When stratified by PRS tertiles, there was a significant relationship between genetic predisposition to alcohol metabolism and actual alcohol consumption habits (P < 0.001). Mild-to-moderate drinkers showed a decreased risk of AF (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99), and heavy drinkers showed an increased risk of AF (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.10) compared to non-drinkers. When stratified according to PRS tertiles for genetic predisposition to alcohol metabolism, mild-to-moderate drinkers had equivalent AF risks, and heavy drinkers showed increased AF risk in the low PRS tertile group. However, mild-to-moderate drinkers had decreased AF risks and heavy drinkers showed similar risks of AF in the middle/high PRS tertile groups.

Conclusions

Differential associations between alcohol consumption habits and incident AF across genetic predisposition to alcohol metabolism were observed; individuals with genetic predisposition to low alcohol metabolism were more susceptible to AF.
Long-term effects of blood pressure 130–139/80–89 mmHg on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among Chinese adults with different glucose metabolism
Authors: Sheng Chang-Sheng , Wang Haiyan , Liu Yanjun , Li Yanyun , Hou TianZhiChao , Qiu Miaoyan , Lu Yao , Sun Siming , Yang Junhan , Song Xiaomin , Ning Guang , Tian Jingyan
Published: December 2023

Background

This study aimed to investigate the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality associated with blood pressure (BP) levels of 130–139/80–89 mmHg in Chinese adults with different glucose metabolism, during a long-term follow-up of over 20 years.

Methods

A prospective population-based cohort of 2,132 adults in Shanghai was established in 2002 and followed for 21 years. The association between BP categories and mortality was assessed, and the risk was further analyzed using multiple Cox regression analysis by combining BP and blood glucose categories.

Results

The final analysis included 2,004 participants, with 397 all-cause and 166 cardiovascular mortality. The incidence of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality per 1,000 person-years for different BP categories were as follows: BP < 130/80 mmHg (4.5 and 1.3), 130–139/80–89 mmHg (7.7 and 2.9), and ≥ 140/90 mmHg or treated groups (19.9 and 8.7), respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, and other factors, BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg was significantly associated with a higher risk of mortality across different blood glucose categories. However, using BP < 130/80 mmHg and normoglycemia as the reference, a BP of 130–139/80–89 mmHg was significantly associated with higher risks of all-cause (hazard ratio 3.30 [95% confidence interval 1.48–7.38], P < 0.01) and cardiovascular mortality (9.60 [1.93–47.7], P < 0.01) in diabetes, but not in those with normoglycemia or prediabetes.

Conclusions

BP of 130–139/80–89 mmHg may lead to a significantly higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Chinese adults with diabetes, but not in those with normoglycemia or prediabetes. This suggests that the targeted BP for people with diabetes should be < 130–139/80–89 mmHg.
From cells to organs: progress and potential in cartilaginous organoids research
Authors: Wang Xiao-he , Liu Ning , Zhang Hui , Yin Zong-sheng , Zha Zhen-Gang
Published: December 2023

While cartilage tissue engineering has significantly improved the speed and quality of cartilage regeneration, the underlying metabolic mechanisms are complex, making research in this area lengthy and challenging. In the past decade, organoids have evolved rapidly as valuable research tools. Methods to create these advanced human cell models range from simple tissue culture techniques to complex bioengineering approaches. Cartilaginous organoids in part mimic the microphysiology of human cartilage and fill a gap in high-fidelity cartilage disease models to a certain extent. They hold great promise to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of a diversity of cartilage diseases and prove crucial in the development of new drugs. This review will focus on the research progress of cartilaginous organoids and propose strategies for cartilaginous organoid construction, study directions, and future perspectives.
Transition readiness among finnish adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Mikola Katriina , Rebane Katariina , Kautiainen Hannu , Aalto Kristiina
Published: December 2023

Background

With chronic diseases, the responsibility for care transfers to adult clinics at some point. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common persistent rheumatic condition in children. A successful transition requires sufficient self-management skills to manage one´s chronic condition and all the tasks involved. In this study, we evaluated transition readiness in Finnish patients with JIA. We aimed to find practical tools to support a successful transition and to study the possible consequences of an unsuccessful transition.

Methods

The usefulness of a specific questionnaire, which was administered to 83 JIA patients, was evaluated in this study. We also gathered information from their first adult clinic visit to assess the success of their transition and its relation to disease activity.

Results

In 55 (71%) patients, the transition was estimated to be successful. We were able to determine a cut-off score in the questionnaire for a successful transition: the best estimate for a successful transition is when the score is 24 or more. At the first adult clinic visit, an unsuccessful transition was evident in its effect on disease outcome. If the transition was defined as successful, the DAS28 was better.

Conclusion

We found the questionnaire to be a useful tool for evaluating transition readiness. Determination of a successful transition helped us identify those adolescents who needed more profound support to improve their self-management skills and thus enhance their transition process. An unsuccessful transition was shown to negatively impact on disease outcomes.
Succinate-induced macrophage polarization and RBP4 secretion promote vascular sprouting in ocular neovascularization
Authors: Shen Tianyi , Lin Ruoyi , Hu Chengyu , Yu Donghui , Ren Chengda , Li Tingting , Zhu Meijiang , Wan Zhongqi , Su Tu , Wu Yan , Cai Wenting , Yu Jing
Published: December 2023

Pathological neovascularization is a pivotal biological process in wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), in which macrophages (Mφs) play a key role. Tip cell specialization is critical in angiogenesis; however, its interconnection with the surrounding immune environment remains unclear. Succinate is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and was significantly elevated in patients with wet AMD by metabolomics. Advanced experiments revealed that SUCNR1 expression in Mφ and M2 polarization was detected in abnormal vessels of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) models. Succinate-induced M2 polarization via SUCNR1, which facilitated vascular endothelial cell (EC) migration, invasion, and tubulation, thus promoting angiogenesis in pathological neovascularization. Furthermore, evidence indicated that succinate triggered the release of RBP4 from Mφs into the surroundings to regulate endothelial sprouting and pathological angiogenesis via VEGFR2, a marker of tip cell formation. In conclusion, our results suggest that succinate represents a novel class of vasculature-inducing factors that modulate Mφ polarization and the RBP4/VEGFR2 pathway to induce pathological angiogenic signaling through tip cell specialization.

Graphical Abstract
Potential problem and solution of lateral plate postposition for the posterolateral tibial plateau fracture
Authors: Hu Zhenghui , Ren Weizhi , Zhang Wen , Li Liubing , Xu Wei
Published: December 2023

Background

There has been controversial for the treatment of the posterolateral tibial plateau fractures (PTPF). This study aimed to evaluate clinic outcomes of the lateral locking compression plate (LCP) postposition, analyze the feasibility of LCP postposition through anatomical measurement, and address the potential problems of LCP postposition through the biomechanical assessment.

Methods

39 patients with PTPF undergoing LCP fixation between June 2019 and June 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. All cases were divided into two group: Group A (15 cases) employed plate transverse arm postpositioning with posterolateral (PL) fracture fixation using two raft screws, while Group B (24 cases) utilized non-postpositioning with fixation by a single raft screw. Surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, the change of lateral tibial plateau angle (LTPA), lateral tibial plateau posterior slope angle (LPSA) and fracture collapse between immediate postoperative and last follow up, range of motion (ROM), HSS knee score, and Lysholm knee score were recorded. CT measurements of the fibular head superior space and LCP transverse arm were taken in 50 healthy adult knees to assess postposition feasibility. Finally, three fracture models were established using finite element analysis: Model A with plate postposition and PL split fracture fixed by two raft screws of transverse arm, Model B with plate non-postposition and PL split fracture fixed by one raft screw, and Model C with plate non-postposition and PL split fracture fixed by one raft screw and anterior–posterior tension screws. Loadings of 250N, 500N, and 750N were applied for the analysis of the displacement degree, von Mises stress distribution.

Results

Results indicate comparable operative duration and intraoperative hemorrhage between groups. Complications were minimal in both groups. Group A demonstrated superior outcomes in terms of radiographic parameters, functional scores, and fracture collapse prevention. CT measurements revealed compatibility in 72% of healthy knees with the postpositioning technique. Finite element analysis indicated favorable biomechanical stability.

Conclusion

Not all patients with PTPF were applicable to the management of the plate postposition and two raft screws fixation, even though this technique exerted good biomechanical stability and achieved satisfactory clinic outcomes. When the PL fracture was fixed by only raft screw through LCP owing to various reasons, two anterior–posterior tension screws might be necessitated to maintain the fracture stability.
Caulis Spatholobi extracts inhibit osteosarcoma growth and metastasis through suppression of CXCR4/PI3K/AKT signaling
Authors: Jiang Yang , Gao Yemei , Li Xin , He Fangming , Liu Yang , Wang Renxian
Published: December 2023

Background

The therapeutic potential of Caulis Spatholobi (CS) extracts against various cancers has been well documented, yet its impact and mechanism in osteosarcoma (OS) remain unexplored. This study aims to elucidate the effects of CS extracts on the growth and metastasis of OS, along with its underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods

The impact of CS extracts on the proliferative potential of two OS cell lines (Saos-2 and U2OS) was assessed using MTT and colony-formation assays. Additionally, the migratory and invasive capacities of OS cells were investigated through Transwell assays. The modulation of CXCR4 expression by CS extracts was evaluated using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, the influence of CS extracts on the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling was determined through Western blotting.

Results

CS extracts exhibited a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of proliferation and colony formation in OS cells. Notably, CXCR4 expression was prominently observed in Saos-2 and U2OS, and treatment with CS extracts led to a dose-dependently reduction in CXCR4 levels. Silencing CXCR4 or inhibiting its function diminished the migratory and invasive capacities of OS cells. Conversely, the CS extracts induced suppression of OS cell migration and invasion was counteracted by CXCR4 overexpression. Mechanistically, CS extracts repressed PI3K/AKT signaling in OS cells by downregulating CXCR4 expression.

Conclusions

CS extracts mitigate the CXCR4/PI3K/AKT signaling-mediated growth and metastasis capacities of OS cells, thus might play an anti-tumor role in OS.
Change and relationship between growing season metrics and net primary productivity in forestland and grassland in China
Authors: Cui Linli , Shi Jun , Xiao Fengjin
Published: December 2023

Background

Vegetation phenology can characterize ecosystem functions and plays a key role in the dynamics of plant productivity. Here we investigated the changes in growing season metrics (start of growing season, SOS; end of growing season, EOS; length of growing season, LOS) and their relationships with net primary productivity (NPP) in forestland and grassland in China during 1981–2016.

Results

SOS advanced, EOS delayed, LOS prolonged and NPP increased significantly in 23.7%, 21.0%, 40.5% and 19.9% of the study areas, with an average rate of 3.9 days decade−1, 3.3 days·decade−1, 6.7 days·decade−1 and 10.7 gC m−2·decade−1, respectively. The changes in growing season metrics were obvious in Northwest China (NWC) and North China (NC), but the least in Northeast China (NEC). NPP was negatively correlated with SOS and positively correlated with EOS and LOS in 22.0%, 16.3% and 22.8% of the study areas, respectively, and the correlation between NPP and growing season metrics was strong in NWC, NC and Southwest China (SWC), but weak in NEC and South China (SC).

Conclusion

The advanced SOS, delayed EOS and prolonged LOS all contribute to the increased NPP in forestland and grassland in China, especially in NWC, NC and SWC. This study also highlights the need to further study the response of NPP to growing season changes in different regions and under the influence of multiple factors.
Willingness to accept human papilloma virus vaccination and its associated factors among parents with eligible daughters in Addis Zemen town, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Wassie Mulugeta , Zegeye Alebachew Ferede , Worku Wondesen , Sisay Tiruye , Eyob Tsadik , Gebeyehu Daniel Ayelegne
Published: December 2023

Background

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Evidences show that, routine immunization of girls at age 14 year and immunization of girls at age 9 year through a 5 years extended interval between doses are the most efficient to control the disease. Despite this, there is very little information on parents’ willingness to accept the human papilloma virus vaccine. Therefore, assessing willingness to accept human papilloma virus vaccination and its associated factors among parents with eligible daughter will help to designing, implementing and monitoring effectiveness of HPV vaccine immunization program.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 386 parents with eligible daughters from 8July–6August, 2022. The multistage sampling technique was used. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Responses were coded and entered into the computer using EPI data version 4.606 statistical packages, and SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Frequencies, percentages and means were as to describe the study variables in relation to the participants. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were employed. The statistical significance was set at a p-value of < 0.05 with its respected odds ratio.

Results

A total of 386 study participants were included in the study. Among participants, 80.3% (95% CI: 76.3, 84) were willing to vaccinate their daughters for HPV vaccination. The parents’ willingness was affected by the male parents ([AOR = 3.5; 95% CI (1.673–7.371)], fear of side effects [AOR = 0.385; 95% CI (0.206–0.718)], and with poor awareness on the HPV vaccine [AOR = 0.483; 95% CI (0.259- 0.900)].

Conclusion

The study has shown that willingness to accept the HPV vaccine is about 80% and significantly affected with parental sex, information on the HPV vaccine, and fear of side effects. As such, it may be helpful for the health care providers and the health care policy makers to emphasize on providing easily understandable information using mass media and social campaign. In addition giving trainings more targeted to female parents might be important.
Effect of transvaginal Lactobacillus supplementation on reversing lower genital tract dysbiosis and improving perinatal outcomes in PCOS patients after IVF-FET: a study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Huixi , Tu Yaoyao , Zhang Chen , Li Jie , Wu Ting , Liu Suying , He Liying , Zhang Aijun , Li Yan , Li Lu , Sui Yilun , Wang Li , Chen Xiaojun , Xi Ji , Wu Yanting , Jin Li , Huang He-Feng
Published: December 2023

Background

Significant lower genital tract (LGT) dysbiosis and an associated lower rate of clinical pregnancy after in vitro fertilization–frozen embryo transfer (IVF-FET) among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients have been previously reported by our group. We aimed to assess whether transvaginal Lactobacillus supplementation can reverse LGT dysbiosis and further improve perinatal outcomes in PCOS patients after IVF-FET.

Methods/design

This is a protocol for a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial in China. Women diagnosed with PCOS who are undergoing IVF-FET treatment will be recruited. Allocation to the intervention/control arms at a ratio of 1:1 will be executed by an electronic randomization system. Participants in the intervention arm will receive the live Lactobacillus capsule vaginally for 10 consecutive days before embryo transfer, while those in the control arm will receive standard individualized care. The primary outcomes will be the clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and live birth rate. 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry will be conducted to evaluate the LGT microbiome and systemic metabonomics before and after the intervention. A sample of 260 participants will provide 95% power to detect a 20% increase in the rate of clinical pregnancy (α = 0.025, one-tailed test, 15% dropout rate). A total of 300 participants will be recruited.

Discussion

This is the first large and multicenter randomized controlled trial aimed at assessing the efficacy of transvaginal Lactobacillus supplementation on restoring the LGT microbiome and improving perinatal outcomes in PCOS patients after IVF-FET. This pragmatic trial is promising for increasing the rates of clinical pregnancy and live birth in PCOS patients after IVF-FET.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical review approval was obtained from the Medical Research Ethics Committees of the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (15 October 2020, GKLW 2020-29). To maximize dissemination, these findings will be reported in open access publications in journals with high impact, and oral and poster conference presentations will be performed.

Trial registration

ChiCTR ChiCTR2000036460. Registered on 13 September 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=59549.
Cortico-cortical stimulation and robot-assisted therapy (CCS and RAT) for upper limb recovery after stroke: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cinnera Alex Martino , Bonnì Sonia , D’Acunto Alessia , Maiella Michele , Ferraresi Matteo , Casula Elias Paolo , Pezzopane Valentina , Tramontano Marco , Iosa Marco , Paolucci Stefano , Morone Giovanni , Vannozzi Giuseppe , Koch Giacomo
Published: December 2023

Background

Since birth, during the exploration of the environment to interact with objects, we exploit both the motor and sensory components of the upper limb (UL). This ability to integrate sensory and motor information is often compromised following a stroke. However, to date, rehabilitation protocols are focused primarily on recovery of motor function through physical therapies. Therefore, we have planned a clinical trial to investigate the effect on functionality of UL after a sensorimotor transcranial stimulation (real vs sham) in add-on to robot-assisted therapy in the stroke population.

Methods

A randomised double-blind controlled trial design involving 32 patients with a single chronic stroke (onset > 180 days) was planned. Each patient will undergo 15 consecutive sessions (5 days for 3 weeks) of paired associative stimulation (PAS) coupled with UL robot-assisted therapy. PAS stimulation will be administered using a bifocal transcranial magnetic stimulator (TMS) on the posterior-parietal cortex and the primary motor area (real or sham) of the lesioned hemisphere. Clinical, kinematics and neurophysiological changes will be evaluated at the end of protocol and at 1-month follow-up and compared with baseline. The Fugl-Meyer assessment scale will be the primary outcome. Secondly, kinematic variables will be recorded during the box-and-block test and reaching tasks using video analysis and inertial sensors. Single pulse TMS and electroencephalography will be used to investigate the changes in local cortical reactivity and in the interconnected areas.

Discussion

The presented trial shall evaluate with a multimodal approach the effects of sensorimotor network stimulation applied before a robot-assisted therapy training on functional recovery of the upper extremity after stroke. The combination of neuromodulation and robot-assisted therapy can promote an increase of cortical plasticity of sensorimotor areas followed by a clinical benefit in the motor function of the upper limb.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05478434. Registered on 28 Jul 2022.
In-silico guided chemical exploration of KDM4A fragments hits
Authors: Lombino Jessica , Vallone Rosario , Cimino Maura , Gulotta Maria Rita , De Simone Giada , Morando Maria Agnese , Sabbatella Raffaele , Di Martino Simona , Fogazza Mario , Sarno Federica , Coronnello Claudia , De Rosa Maria , Cipollina Chiara , Altucci Lucia , Perricone Ugo , Alfano Caterina
Published: December 2023

Background

Lysine demethylase enzymes (KDMs) are an emerging class of therapeutic targets, that catalyse the removal of methyl marks from histone lysine residues regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. KDM4A isoform plays an important role in the epigenetic dysregulation in various cancers and is linked to aggressive disease and poor clinical outcomes. Despite several efforts, the KDM4 family lacks successful specific molecular inhibitors.

Results

Herein, starting from a structure-based fragments virtual screening campaign we developed a synergic framework as a guide to rationally design efficient KDM4A inhibitors. Commercial libraries were used to create a fragments collection and perform a virtual screening campaign combining docking and pharmacophore approaches. The most promising compounds were tested in-vitro by a Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence-based assay developed for identifying selective substrate-competitive inhibitors by means of inhibition of H3K9me3 peptide demethylation. 2-(methylcarbamoyl)isonicotinic acid was identified as a preliminary active fragment, displaying inhibition of KDM4A enzymatic activity. Its chemical exploration was deeply investigated by computational and experimental approaches which allowed a rational fragment growing process. The in-silico studies guided the development of derivatives designed as expansion of the primary fragment hit and provided further knowledge on the structure–activity relationship.

Conclusions

Our study describes useful insights into key ligand-KDM4A protein interaction and provides structural features for the development of successful selective KDM4A inhibitors.
Reducing fall injuries with better data
Authors: Hemenway David , Peterson Elizabeth W. , Howland Jonathan
Published: December 2023

Background

Fall deaths in the USA almost tripled in the twenty-first century. While various interventions have been effective in reducing fall deaths, they have failed to make a substantial impact at a population level.

Main body

An overarching factor that has been relatively neglected in fall injury prevention is the need for more and better data. We need better data on the causes and circumstances of older adult fall deaths. While there are excellent national surveillance systems on the circumstances of other injury deaths (e.g., motor vehicle crashes, suicides, and homicides), such a system is lacking for fall deaths. These other data systems have been instrumental in indicating and evaluating policies that will reduce injury. It is also important to provide consumers with better information concerning the many products that affect the likelihood of fall injury (e.g., flooring, hip protectors, footwear). Automotive buyers are provided with relevant up-to-date make-model safety information from crash tests and real-world performance. Such information not only helps protect buyers from purchasing dangerous products, but it provides producers with the incentive to make ever safer products over time.

Conclusion

We believe that creation of a national surveillance system on the circumstances of fall deaths, and increased testing/certifying of fall-related products, are two steps that would help create the conditions for continuous reductions in fall fatalities. Fall prevention should apply some of the same basic strategies that have proved effective in addressing other injuries.
Gut microbiota shifts favorably with delivery of handwashing with soap and water treatment intervention in a prospective cohort (CHoBI7 trial)
Authors: Monira Shirajum , Barman Indrajeet , Jubyda Fatema Tuz , Ali Sk. Imran , Islam Aminul , Rahman Kazi Mohammad Zillur , Rashid Mahamud-ur , Johura Fatema-Tuz , Sultana Marzia , Zohura Fatema , Bhuyian Sazzadul Islam , Parvin Tahmina , Sack David , Ahmed Tahmeed , Saif-Ur-Rahman K M , Hossain Maqsud , Watanabe Haruo , George Christine Marie , Alam Munirul
Published: December 2023

Background

Cholera can result in the expulsion of important microbiota from the gut and result in death if left untreated. The disease transmits mainly via drinking water carrying Vibrio cholerae; and household contacts (HHC) of cholera patients are at elevated risk during the first week of infection. The gut microbiota profiles of HHC-children of cholera patients at Dhaka city slums were investigated before (day 0) and after (day 8) delivery of chlorinated water as part of the major study ‘CHoBI7 trial (cholera-hospital-based intervention for 7 days)’.

Result

Results of sequencing and analysis of bacterial community DNA revealed the predominance of two bacterial phyla: Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at day 0 with a relative abundance of 62 ± 6 (mean ± SEM%) and 32 ± 7, respectively. The pattern reversed at day 8 with a decreased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (39 ± 12; p = 0.034) and an increased abundance of Firmicutes (49 ± 12; p = 0.057). Of 65 bacterial families confirmed at day 0, six belonging to Proteobacteria including Vibrionaceae disappeared at day 8. Interestingly, the relative abundance of four Firmicutes families—Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Ruminococcaceae was increased in all five study children at day 8.

Conclusion

The observed exclusion of pathogenic Proteobacteria and enhancement of beneficial Firmicutes in the gut of children delivered with chlorinated water as part of WASH intervention reflect a great promise of the CHoBI7 program in preventing cholera and improving child health.
Three cases of mushroom poisoning with an unexpected initial presentation: acute kidney injury with Amanita proxima poisoning
Authors: Aydın Mehmet Fethullah , Sezen Mehmet , Oruç Aysegül , Yıldız Abdülmecit , Özerik Kübra , Aslan Hatice , Özgü Can , Kuş Elif Özge , Kahveci Ferda , Ersoy Alparslan
Published: December 2023

Background

Mushroom poisoning causes common gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting and is a well-known reason for acute hepatic failure. Acute kidney injury is a less common clinical presentation in mushroom poisoning. Recently, nephrotoxicity called Amanita nephrotoxic syndrome has been defined, caused by several Amanita mushrooms. It is characterized by moderate hepatotoxicity and oligoanuric acute kidney injury, which may require hemodialysis.

Case presentation

Case 1 was a 51-year-old female patient who was hospitalized with oliguria, nausea, and vomiting after eating mushrooms, required hemodialysis due to acute kidney injury, and developed pulmonary hemorrhage during her follow-up. Case 2 was a 55-year-old male patient who was hospitalized with anuria, nausea, and vomiting after eating mushrooms, required hemodialysis due to acute kidney injury, and developed acute coronary syndrome during his follow-up. Case 3 was a 59-year-old male patient who was hospitalized with oliguria, nausea, and vomiting after eating mushrooms, required hemodialysis due to acute kidney injury, and developed moderate hepatotoxicity during his follow-up. All cases were hospitalized at the same time interval with similar clinical features. Acute kidney injury was the initial presentation of all the cases, and they had only mild transaminase elevation with normal INR levels. They all required hemodialysis, and kidney injury was fully recovered.

Conclusions

Mushroom consumption must be questioned in acute kidney injury patients of unknown etiology where mushrooms are habitual despite deleterious consequences.
Trial-and-error modeling of ground-airborne electromagnetic data in the Yishu Faulting Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Ming , Farquharson Colin G. , Lin Tingting
Published: December 2023

Although trial-and-error modeling may give some level of interpretation about the subsurface while sacrificing certainty, it is a viable alternative for precise 3D interpretation of real ground-airborne frequency-domain electromagnetic (GAFEM) data. In this sense, a semiautomatic trial-and-error modeling approach is developed. Specifically, we first develop the 3D GAFEM forward-modeling code. Its accuracy is demonstrated using a 3D synthetic model with topography and a tilted anomalous body. Second, an initial model is established based on known geologic constraints. Then, the code is conducted repeatedly, and the parameters of the model are renewed semiautomatically based on a predefined geometry-resistivity combination list. Finally, the model that can achieve the minimum error between the computed response and the collected GAFEM data is selected as the final model. Furthermore, we apply the presented semiautomatic trial-and-error modeling approach to the geothermal resources survey at the Yishu Faulting Basin, China. The purpose of the survey is to interpret the resistivity structure of the subsurface and evaluate the potential development of the geothermal resources in the survey area. As a result, the final model obtained by the trial-and-error modeling, which is constrained by the known geologic information and subsurface geoelectric structures inferred from 2D models inverted by the magnetotelluric and controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric data measured at the same location, indicates the existence of the geothermal resources. This indication is proven by the drilling result of a well site located on the survey line. To further verify the reliability, a comparative analysis is conducted between the model obtained by the trial-and-error modeling and the models obtained by 3D inversion of a GAFEM data set and apparent resistivity calculation using the same data. The results indicate that different approaches can achieve similar subsurface geometry and resistivity distribution of the faulting basin structure.
Deep-learning-based airborne transient electromagnetic inversion providing the depth of investigation
Authors: Kang Hyeonwoo , Bang Minkyu , Seol Soon Jee , Byun Joongmoo
Published: December 2023

We develop an integrated workflow that uses deep-learning (DL)-based approaches for processing and inverting airborne transient electromagnetic (ATEM) data. Our novel workflow automates these preprocessing steps and enables real-time inversion in the field. Thus, we develop an entire inversion workflow using three DL networks that cover all steps from preprocessing to imaging. The preprocessing DL network performs interpolation to discard data that are severely noise contaminated and suppress the effects of noise in a late-time channel. We use an inversion DL network and a depth of investigation (DOI) network to generate images of subsurface resistivities exclusively within the DOI range where reliable predictions can be made. To optimize the inversion process, our approach focuses on designing the inversion DL network to simultaneously minimize data misfit and model misfit. By addressing these two aspects, we ensure a more robust outcome in the final resistivity images. The practical applicability of the workflow is verified by comparing the imaging results of the field data with those of conventional inversion and geologic interpretation. Each workflow is nearly automatic and very fast; we expect that our workflow will contribute to the development of real-time imaging software for the ATEM survey, which expands the applications of the ATEM survey in various fields.
A frequency-Hankel transform method to extract multimodal Rayleigh wave dispersion spectra from active and passive source surface wave data
Authors: Yang Zhentao , Sun Yao-Chong , Zhang Dazhou , Han Pen , Chen Xiaofei
Published: December 2023

Rayleigh wave dispersion energy spectra have been widely used to extract dispersion curves and invert underground S-wave velocity structures for engineering geophysics and seismology. We develop a frequency-Hankel (F-H) transform method to extract high-quality multimodal Rayleigh wave dispersion energy spectra from active and passive source Rayleigh wave data. The F-H transform method is inspired by the frequency-Bessel (F-J) transform method and considers the physical meaning of Green’s functions for Rayleigh wave dispersion analysis. The F-H transform method can naturally avoid crossed artifacts caused by converging waves on F-J spectrograms and obtain more multimodal dispersion spectra of the same quality with fewer Rayleigh wave data than the F-J transform method. Synthetic and field Rayleigh wave data from active and passive sources for near-surface exploration and ambient noise tomography are used to demonstrate the validity, accuracy, and applicability of the F-H transform method. The F-H transform method unifies the formulas of the F-J transform method and its modifications for active and passive sources of Rayleigh wave data. The F-H transform method is a robust and efficient multimodal Rayleigh wave dispersion analysis method for active and passive source Rayleigh wave data.
Full-waveform inversion of pure quasi-P waves in titled transversely isotropic media based on different parameterizations
Authors: Ren Zhiming , Dai Xue , Wang Lei
Published: December 2023

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) builds subsurface parameter models by minimizing the residuals between the modeled and observed data. Accounting for the effects of anisotropy is critical for high-resolution imaging of complex structures. We develop an acoustic anisotropic FWI method based on a pure quasi-P-wave (qP-wave) equation. The equation coefficients and their derivatives with respect to Thomsen’s anisotropy parameters ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) are estimated by least-squares optimization. We derive and analyze the radiation patterns for six parameter classes: the velocity along the symmetry axis [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]; the normal moveout velocity [Formula: see text], the anisotropy parameter [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]; the horizontal velocity [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]; and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. The parameterization [Formula: see text] has significant trade-off between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at the intermediate and wide scattering angles. The anisotropy parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are resolvable at the short scattering angles for the parameterizations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The parameter crosstalk for the parameterizations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is more serious than that for other types of parameterizations. We perform FWI of pure qP-waves in vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) and titled transversely isotropic (TTI) media. Inversion results on the overthrust VTI model and the modified BP TTI model show that the velocity, anisotropy parameters, and tilt angle can be individually reconstructed when other parameters are sufficiently accurate. The multiparameter FWI cannot obtain reliable tilt angles for each type of parameterization. The inversion with the parameterization [Formula: see text] produces [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] models with modest accuracy, whereas the parameterization [Formula: see text] helps to improve the accuracy of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] models.
Pathogenic Germline Mutational Landscape in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma and Associated Clinicopathologic Features
Authors: Nguyen Charles B. , Knaus Claire , Li Jinju , Accardo Marie-Louise , Koeppe Erika , Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Alva Ajjai S. , Else Tobias
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE

A subset of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cases occur because of a hereditary predisposition. However, the prevalence and profiling of germline alterations in RCC have not been fully characterized. Additionally, clinicopathologic factors associated with pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline variants in patients with RCC remain poorly understood.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of patients with RCC who underwent genetic evaluation was performed. The frequency of P/LP germline variants and genes was evaluated in this cohort. The association between genetic testing outcomes and clinicopathologic features was also assessed.

RESULTS

A total of 321 patients with RCC who had germline testing were identified. Within this cohort, 42 patients (13.1%) had P/LP variants. Genes with the most frequent germline mutations were FLCN (n = 10, 3.1%), SDHB (n = 4, 1.2%), VHL (n = 4, 1.2%), MLH1 (n = 3, 0.9%), and CHEK2 (n = 4, 1.2%). Among patients with P/LP variants, 19 (45.2%) had a potentially targetable mutation. The presence of bilateral or multifocal tumors was associated with P/LP variants ( P = .0012 and P = .0098, respectively). Patients who had targeted gene testing had higher rates of P/LP variants compared with multigene panel testing ( P = .015). Age and family history of cancers (RCC and non-RCC) did not have any statistically significant association with germline testing outcomes.

CONCLUSION

Among patients with RCC, unselected for a known familial predisposition, 13.4% had P/LP variants. Almost half of patients with P/LP variants had a potentially targetable mutation. Targeted gene panel testing is a feasible option for patients, particularly if syndromic features are present. Age and family history were not associated with P/LP variants. Future studies are needed to optimize current genetic evaluation criteria to expand the detection of patients with RCC who may have germline mutations.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Improves Glucose Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Li Sheng , Ying Zhixiong , Gentenaar Max , Rensen Patrick C N , Kooijman Sander , Visser Jenny A , Meijer Onno C , Kroon Jan
Published: December 2023

Context

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Hyperandrogenism is a major characteristic of PCOS. Increased androgen exposure is believed to deregulate metabolic processes in various tissues as part of the PCOS pathogenesis, predominantly through the androgen receptor (AR). Notably, various metabolic features in PCOS are similar to those observed after excess glucocorticoid exposure.

Objective

We hypothesized that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling is involved in the metabolic symptoms of PCOS.

Methods

In a PCOS model of chronic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exposure in female mice, we investigated whether GR signaling machinery was (de)regulated, and if treatment with a selective GR antagonist alleviated the metabolic symptoms.

Results

We observed an upregulation of GR messenger RNA expression in the liver after DHT exposure. In white adipose tissues and liver we found that DHT upregulated Hsd11b1, which encodes for the enzyme that converts inactive into active glucocorticoids. We found that preventive but not therapeutic administration of a GR antagonist alleviated DHT-induced hyperglycemia and restored glucose tolerance. We did not observe strong effects of GR antagonism in DHT-exposed mice on other features like total fat mass and lipid accumulation in various tissues.

Conclusion

We conclude that GR activation may play a role in glucose metabolism in DHT-exposed mice.
A Laconian Cartoonist
Authors: Johnston Alan
Published: December 2023

This note highlights two abnormal figures painted on early sixth century Lakonian kraters, both found at Naukratis. One in Oxford has long been known; the other in the British Museum was not previously been recognised. Their place in Lakonian vase-painting and the intentions of the painter(s) are briefly discussed.
Οπτικά ενθύμια του ροδιακού κωμωδεῖν
Authors: Δήμα Ευαγγελία
Published: December 2023

The comic theatrical act in Rhodes is represented by a catalogue of 45 comic masks and figurines, all recovered during rescue excavations in the city of Rhodes. This group of masks and figurines cover a period of about three centuries, consisting representative samples of an abundant Rhodian artistic production inspired by the theater during the Hellenistic period, when Rhodes emerges as a strong and prosperous naval power and becomes a cultural and intellectual center as well. The following catalogue includes depictions of comic types such as caricatures and grotesque figures along with protagonist types of the Rhodian comedians related to the New Comedy characters, guided by the literal source for information in stage presentation of drama theatrical types, the Onomasticon of Julius Pollux and the T.B.L. Webster’s catalogue.
Mythography and Archaeology: The Case of Eulimene
Authors: Astyrakaki Eva
Published: December 2023

The main aim of the present research work is to provide a new interpretative perspective on Eulimene’s story by combining literary testimonies and archaeological findings. The story is included in Parthenius’s collection entitled Περὶ Ἐρωτικῶν Παθημάτων, dating back to the 1st century BC. This story appears to be an exceptionally fertile example in which a multidisciplinary approach, that combines Philology and Archaeology, can, potentially, illuminate aspects and facts that would otherwise remain unearthed.

Eulimene’s story deals with eponymous heroes and city founders of Crete. The Cretan cities of Lykastos and Kydonia are attested as early as in Homer and Aptera and Kydonia are also cited in Linear B tablets of Knossos; the name of Eulimene, referring to a Nereid, and the adjective ἄπτερος, applied to some gods, were known to Hesiod and Homer, respectively. Given that Crete was sui generis in terms of its own mythology, it is likely that before Homer there was already a background relating to those Cretan cities.

Eulimene is known as a Nereid. Hesiod reports it in his Theogony and pottery as early as the 5th c. BC attests it, as well. A different perspective is introduced by a piece of textile and a pyxis, which hint at an association of Eulimene with Crete, particularly with Phaedra and Ariadne.

 There is also a Messenian story, reported by Pausanias, which presents similarities and common patterns. However, the story of Eulimene is rather more complex since the Messenian story was arguably modelled on the predating Cretan version.

Eulimene’s story in Parthenius’ collection was structured according to the aesthetic standards of the Hellenistic era. However, the story seems to combine various elements, some of which echo Minoan times (the ritual of human sacrifice carried out by the king-priest, a union designed to result in fertility, interrupted in this case) and others which echo archaic times (dissection and forced extraction of the baby). Thus, I find particularly interesting the archaeological finding of the cut-up skull of a young girl, which Andreadaki-Vlazaki brought to light during the excavation at the Mycenaean palace of Kydonia at Chania.
Global turbulence, emerging powers and the regional integration potential in the Global South
Authors: Petropoulos Sotiris
Published: December 2023

During the past decade the world has witnessed an increase of developments that are shaking the global status quo. Among others, China-US/West economic frictions and the Russian invasion in Ukraine are leading to a retreat of globalization, with emphasis being given to regional production networks and value chains. Likewise, there are signs of reorganization or reinforcement of regional integration schemes such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and South–South cooperation fora such as the BRICS in view of failure of global governance structuresto optimally address the various issues raised. This article explores these developments and highlights how the alternatives created by the emergence of new “grand” actors are producing a potential bandwagoning effect in the Global South.
The impact of inflation on SMEs: Evidence from a survey on Greek SMEs
Authors: Giakoulas Dimitris , Ioannidis Yiorgos
Published: December 2023

Based on Kalecki’s theory of the dichotomy of market structure we focus on the different impacts of inflation on firms with asymmetric market power. Using a questionnaire survey, we measure the impact of the recent inflationary crisis on Greek SMEs’ performance and the strategies they adopted to survive. Our results indicate a dualism regarding the impact of inflation, between small and large firms and between exporting and non-exporting firms. Our findings suggest that high inflation reinforces market concentration trends, leading to an increase in regional disparities.
Η αντιμετώπιση των οικονομικών επιπτώσεων της πανδημίας COVID-19 από την Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα
Authors: Μάλλιου Μαρία-Νεφέλη , Χαζάκης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: December 2023

Το άρθρο εξετάζει τον ρόλο της Ευρωπαϊκής Κεντρικής Τράπεζας (ΕΚΤ) στην πανδημία COVID-19 και διερευνά τις βασικές πτυχές της πολιτικής που εφάρμοσε στην κρίση. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, εστιάζει στα νομισματικά εργαλεία που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν από την ΕΚΤ και ιδίως στην υλοποίηση του έκτακτου προγράμματος αγοράς στοιχείων ενεργητικού λόγω πανδημίας (PEPP), καθώςκαι στην σύγκριση μεταξύ του PEPP και των άμεσων νομισματικών συναλλαγών (OMT). Το κείμενο διερευνά, επίσης, τους λόγους για τους οποίους οι OMT δεν χρησιμοποιήθηκαν στην περίπτωση της COVID-19 και εξετάζει κατά πόσον οι αλλαγές στην πολιτική της ΕΚΤ κατά την πανδημία, συνιστούν αλλαγή παραδείγματος (paradigm shift) στην ευρωπαϊκή νομισματική ολοκλήρωση.