bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community composition drives siderophore dynamics in multispecies bacterial communities
Authors: O’Brien Siobhán , Culbert Christopher T. , Barraclough Timothy G.
Published: September 2023

Background

Intraspecific public goods are commonly shared within microbial populations, where the benefits of public goods are largely limited to closely related conspecifics. One example is the production of iron-scavenging siderophores that deliver iron to cells via specific cell envelope receptor and transport systems. Intraspecific social exploitation of siderophore producers is common, since non-producers avoid the costs of production but retain the cell envelope machinery for siderophore uptake. However, little is known about how interactions between species (i.e., interspecific interactions) can shape intraspecific public goods exploitation. Here, we predicted that strong competition for iron between species in diverse communities will increase costs of siderophore cooperation, and hence drive intraspecific exploitation. We examined how increasing microbial community species diversity shapes intraspecific social dynamics by monitoring the growth of siderophore producers and non-producers of the plant-growth promoting bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, embedded within tree-hole microbial communities ranging from 2 to 15 species.

Results

We find, contrary to our prediction, that siderophore production is favoured at higher levels of community species richness, driven by increased likelihood of encountering key species that reduce the growth of siderophore non-producing (but not producing) strains of P. fluorescens.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that maintaining a diverse soil microbiota could partly contribute to the maintenance of siderophore production in natural communities.
Complete genome sequences of Providencia bacteriophages PibeRecoleta, Stilesk and PatoteraRojo
Authors: Batinovic Steven , Chan Hiu Tat , Stiles Jason , Petrovski Steve
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Providencia is a genus of gram-negative bacteria within the order Enterobacterales, closely related to Proteus and Morganella. While ubiquitous in the environment, some species of Providencia, such as P. rettgeri and P. stuartii, are considered emerging nosocomial pathogens and have been implicated in urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal illness, and travelers’ diarrhea. Given their intrinsic resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, this study aimed to isolate and sequence bacteriophages targeting a clinical P. rettgeri isolate.

Data description

Here we report the complete genome sequence of three novel Providencia phages, PibeRecoleta, Stilesk and PatoteraRojo, which were isolated against a clinical P. rettgeri strain sourced from a patient in a metropolitan hospital in Victoria, Australia. The three phages contain dsDNA genomes between 60.7 and 60.9 kb in size and are predicted to encode between 72 and 73 proteins. These three new phages, which share high genomic similarity to two other Providencia phages previously isolated on P. stuartii, serve as important resources in our understanding about Providencia bacteriophages and the potential for future phage-based biotherapies.
Identification of a new allele of BraA09g066480.3C controlling the wax-less phenotype of Chinese cabbage
Authors: Liu Chuanhong , Yu Longfei , Yang Lu , Tan Chong , Shi Fengyan , Ye Xueling , Liu Zhiyong
Published: September 2023

Background

Epidermal wax covers the surfaces of terrestrial plants to resist biotic and abiotic stresses. Wax-less flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinesis var. utilis tsen et lee) has the charateristics of lustrous green leaves and flower stalks, which are of high commercial value.

Results

To clarify the mechanism of the wax deficiency, the wax-less flowering Chinese cabbage doubled-haploid (DH) line ‘CX001’ and Chinese cabbage DH line ‘FT’, obtained from isolated microspore culture, were used in the experiments. Genetic analysis showed that the wax-less phenotype of ‘CX001’ was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene, named wlm1 (wax-less mutation 1), which was fine-mapped on chromosome A09 by bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) of B.rapa genome V3.0. There was only one gene (BraA09g066480.3C) present in the mapping region. The homologous gene in Arabidopsis thaliana is AT1G02205 (CER1) that encodes an aldehyde decarboxylase in the epidermal wax metabolism pathway. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR and transcriptome analysis indicated that BraA09g066480.3C was expressed in ‘FT’ but not in ‘CX001’. BraA09g066480.3C was lost in the CXA genome to which ‘CX001’ belonged.

Conclusion

The work presented herein demonstrated that BraA09g066480.3C was the causal gene for wax-less flowering Chinese cabbage ‘CX001’. This study will lay a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of epidermal wax synthesis in flowering Chinese cabbage.
Prevention of caries and obesity in children with immigrant background in Norway- a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Reda Mariam , Sen Abhijit , Mustafa Manal
Published: September 2023

Background

Immigrants are known to experience greater socioeconomic stress and poorer well-being and to suffer more from lifestyle- and diet-related disorders than native populations. There is also evidence that children of immigrant parents are at greater risk of diverse health problems than their host country cohorts. The aim of this study is to apply and evaluate the efficacy of an early life intervention program among parents/children with immigrant background to prevent childhood caries and obesity, thereby improving the children’s general health, oral health, and quality of life.

Methods

This is a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled intervention follow-up study. In phase I of the study, the primary care health centers in the municipality of Bergen, Norway were randomly allocated to intervention or control groups. The intervention was carried out using the motivational interviewing technique and the common risk factor approach. The intervention group received guidance on diet/oral hygiene and the control group received standard care information. Parental knowledge and children at age 3 and 5 years old will be assessed in a prospective phase II follow-up study compared to native Norwegian controls. The primary outcome will be evaluation of change on parental oral health related knowledge and attitudes. The secondary outcome will assess the impact of the intervention on children’s caries -, body mass index- and oral health related quality of life.

Discussion

Collaboration between dental public health and primary health care personnel on the common risk approach motivational intervention offers opportunities to address key dietary behaviors that may prevent obesity and dental caries. Providing sustainable preventive measures decreases the burden of diseases and consequently reduces health inequalities, particularly among at-risk children.

Trial Registration

The study is registered as a clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05758454: 7 March 2023). Ethical approval has already been granted by the Regional Ethical Committee (REK) (2015/ 27,639 /REK vest) and Sikt – Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research (Reference number 778825).
Exploring the host factors affecting asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection: insights from a rural Burkina Faso study
Authors: Neyer Peter J. , Kaboré Bérenger , Nakas Christos T. , Hartmann Britta , Post Annelies , Diallo Salou , Tinto Halidou , Hammerer-Lercher Angelika , Largiadèr Carlo R. , van der Ven Andre J. , Huber Andreas R.
Published: September 2023

Background

AsymptomaticPlasmodium falciparumparasitaemia forms a reservoir for the transmission of malaria disease in West Africa. Certain haemoglobin variants are known to protect against severe malaria infection. However, data on the potential roles of haemoglobin variants and nongenetic factors in asymptomatic malaria infection is scarce and controversial. Therefore, this study investigated the associations of iron homeostasis, inflammation, nutrition, and haemoglobin mutations with parasitaemia in an asymptomatic cohort from aP. falciparum-endemic region during the high transmission season.

Methods

A sub-study population of 688 asymptomatic individuals (predominantly children and adolescents under 15 years, n = 516) from rural Burkina Faso previously recruited by the NOVAC trial (NCT03176719) between June and October 2017 was analysed. Parasitaemia was quantified with conventional haemocytometry. The haemoglobin genotype was determined by reverse hybridization assays targeting a selection of 21HBAand 22HBBmutations. Demographics, inflammatory markers (interleukins 6 and 10, hepcidin), nutritional status (mid upper-arm circumference and body mass index), and anaemia (total haemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor) were assessed as potential predictors through logistic regression.

Results

Malaria parasites were detected in 56% of subjects. Parasitaemia was associated most strongly with malnutrition. The effect size increased with malnutrition severity (OR = 6.26, CI95: 2.45–19.4, p < 0.001). Furthermore, statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) with age, cytokines, hepcidin and heterozygous haemoglobin S were observed.

Conclusions

According to these findings, asymptomatic parasitaemia is attenuated by haemoglobin S, but not by any of the other detected genotypes. Aside from evidence for slight iron imbalance, overall undernutrition was found to predict parasitaemia; thus, further investigations are required to elucidate causality and inform strategies for interventions.
A unique case of rectal cancer with coexistence of multiple pathways of carcinogenesis
Authors: Rateria Nisha , Ojha Ritu , Shukla Mridula , Pandey Manoj
Published: September 2023

Background

Colorectal cancer with a global incidence of 10% has multiple pathways implicated in its carcinogenesis. WNT signaling is the principal underlying pathway via APC gene, while defective mismatch repair genes and epigenetic changes also are known to contribute.

Case presentation

Here, we present an unusual case of rectal adenocarcinoma in a woman, with germline MSH6 and PMS1 mutations, and simultaneous somatic APC and TP53 mutations treated with surgery and adjuvant capecitabine.

Conclusions

The case is unique suggesting a possible interaction between the two pathways and contributing to carcinogenesis in this patient. This also suggests need for a thorough germline and somatic mutation evaluation in select colorectal cancer patients to direct a tailored therapy.
A plasma protein signature associated with cognitive function in men without severe cognitive impairment
Authors: Mehta Kanika , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Pasco Julie A. , Williams Lana J. , Sui Sophia X. , Walder Ken , Ng Boon Lung , Gupta Veer Bala
Published: September 2023

Background

A minimally invasive blood-based assessment of cognitive function could be a promising screening strategy to identify high-risk groups for the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods

The study included 448 cognitively unimpaired men (mean age 64.1 years) drawn from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. A targeted mass spectrometry-based proteomic assay was performed to measure the abundance levels of 269 plasma proteins followed by linear regression analyses adjusted for age and APOE ε4 carrier status to identify the biomarkers related to overall cognitive function. Furthermore, two-way interactions were conducted to see whether Alzheimer’s disease-linked genetic variants or health conditions modify the association between biomarkers and cognitive function.

Results

Ten plasma proteins showed an association with overall cognitive function. This association was modified by allelic variants in genes ABCA7, CLU, BDNF and MS4A6A that have been previously linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Modifiable health conditions such as mood disorders and poor bone health, which are postulated to be risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease, also impacted the relationship observed between protein marker levels and cognition. In addition to the univariate analyses, an 11-feature multianalyte model was created using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression that identified 10 protein features and age associated with cognitive function.

Conclusions

Overall, the present study revealed plasma protein candidates that may contribute to the development of a blood-based screening test for identifying early cognitive changes. This study also highlights the importance of considering other risk factors in elucidating the relationship between biomarkers and cognition, an area that remains largely unexplored.
Cell mediated ECM-degradation as an emerging tool for anti-fibrotic strategy
Authors: Zhao Peng , Sun Tian , Lyu Cheng , Liang Kaini , Du Yanan
Published: September 2023

Investigation into the role of cells with respect to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is still in its infancy. Particularly, ECM degradation is an indispensable process during the recovery from fibrosis. Cells with ECM degradation ability due to the secretion of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have emerged as novel contributors to the treatment of fibrotic diseases. In this review, we focus on the ECM degradation ability of cells associated with the repertoire of MMPs that facilitate the attenuation of fibrosis through the inhibition of ECM deposition. Besides, innovative approaches to engineering and characterizing cells with degradation ability, as well as elucidating the mechanism of the ECM degradation, are also illustrated. Studies conducted to date on the use of cell-based degradation for therapeutic purposes to combat fibrosis are summarized. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of cells with high degradation ability, hoping to bridge the gap between benchside research and bedside applications in treating fibrotic diseases.
Generating hematopoietic cells from human pluripotent stem cells: approaches, progress and challenges
Authors: Zheng Haiqiong , Chen Yijin , Luo Qian , Zhang Jie , Huang Mengmeng , Xu Yulin , Huo Dawei , Shan Wei , Tie Ruxiu , Zhang Meng , Qian Pengxu , Huang He
Published: September 2023

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been suggested as a potential source for the production of blood cells for clinical application. In two decades, almost all types of blood cells can be successfully generated from hPSCs through various differentiated strategies. Meanwhile, with a deeper understanding of hematopoiesis, higher efficiency of generating progenitors and precursors of blood cells from hPSCs is achieved. However, how to generate large-scale mature functional cells from hPSCs for clinical use is still difficult. In this review, we summarized recent approaches that generated both hematopoietic stem cells and mature lineage cells from hPSCs, and remarked their efficiency and mechanisms in producing mature functional cells. We also discussed the major challenges in hPSC-derived products of blood cells and provided some potential solutions. Our review summarized efficient, simple, and defined methodologies for developing good manufacturing practice standards for hPSC-derived blood cells, which will facilitate the translation of these products into the clinic.
Dynamic deployment method based on double deep Q-network in UAV-assisted MEC systems
Authors: Zhang Suqin , Zhang Lin , Xu Fei , Cheng Song , Su Weiya , Wang Sen
Published: September 2023

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) system leverages the high maneuverability of UAVs to provide efficient computing services to terminals. A dynamic deployment algorithm based on double deep Q-networks (DDQN) is suggested to address issues with energy limitation and obstacle avoidance when providing edge services to terminals by UAV. First, the energy consumption of the UAV and the fairness of the terminal’s geographic location are jointly optimized in the case of multiple obstacles and multiple terminals on the ground. And the UAV can avoid obstacles. Furthermore, a double deep Q-network was introduced to address the slow convergence and risk of falling into local optima during the optimization problem training process. Also included in the learning process was a pseudo count exploration strategy. Finally, the improved DDQN algorithm achieves faster convergence and a higher average system reward, according to experimental results. Regarding the fairness of geographic locations of terminals, the improved DDQN algorithm outperforms Q-learning, DQN, and DDQN algorithms by 50%, 20%, and 15.38%, respectively, and the stability of the improved algorithm is also validated.
Rates of infectious keratitis and other ocular surface adverse events in corneal cross-linking for keratoconus and corneal ectasias performed in an office-based setting: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hafezi Farhad , Torres-Netto Emilio A. , Kollros Leonard , Lu Nan-Ji , Hafezi Nikki , Mazzotta Cosimo , Aydemir M. Enes , Hillen Mark
Published: September 2023

Background

This study aimed to compare the complication rates of epithelium-off corneal cross-linking (epi-off CXL) performed in an office-based setting with those of epi-off CXL performed in an operating room.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study, comprising 501 consecutive epi-off CXL procedures, performed in a non-sterile procedure room without laminar flow ventilation at the ELZA Institute in Zurich, Switzerland, between November 2015 and October 2021, was conducted.

Results

No cases of postoperative infectious keratitis were observed, while sterile infiltrates occurred in 10 out of 501 (2.00%) patients, all of whom responded well to topical steroid therapy. Delayed epithelialization (> 7 days) occurred in 14 out of 501 (2.79%) patients. No other adverse events were noted.

Conclusions

Office-based epi-off CXL does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of complications when compared to operating room settings.
Evaluation of food insecurity and its association with food consumption and some variables among college students
Authors: Celik Özge Mengi , Ozyildirim Caner , Karacil Ermumcu Merve Seyda
Published: September 2023

Background

Students are an important group threatened by food insecurity. Food insecurity among college students is one of the research topics that is attracting attention worldwide, and interest in this topic is growing by the day. Food insecurity has a negative impact on students' biological, mental and social health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of food insecurity and correlate it with frequency of food consumption and some variables among undergraduate students.

Methods

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted with 1149 university students at Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. The demographic characteristics of the individuals (gender, age, living situation, income status, and health information), anthropometric measurements (body weight and height), nutritional habits, frequency of food consumption, and Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) were questioned. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for statistical analyses.

Results

It was found that 13.1% of the students have mild, 13.0% moderate, and 9.4% severe food insecurity. The rate of individuals with and without food security differs according to gender, living situation, and income status (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant correlations between the food insecurity score and age (p = 0.047), the number of main meals (p < 0.001) and snacks (0.007), and consumption frequency of certain foods (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The prevalance of students facing food insecurity was high. Individuals with food insecurity have a lower frequency of healthy food consumption than individuals with food security. Steps should be taken to ensure nutritional security among undergraduate students, who are the young adult population.
Solar PV-hydropower enhanced Picogrid as sustainable energy model for hilly remote areas: analytics and prospects thereof
Authors: Desai Alpesh , Mukhopadhyay Indrajit , Ray Abhijit
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of ‘Picogrid’ in hilly remote areas of North-East India, where availability of conventional grid power is either none or limited. A Picogrid is a small microgrid (typically a few tens of kW) containing renewable energy sources like solar, wind, small hydroetc.with battery based energy storage of limited capacity. A hybrid solar PV-Hydro based Picogrid of 7.2 kW capacity in a remote hilly area is analyzed, where the solar irradiance varies between 3.5 and 6.2 kWh/Day/m2, a water fall head lies between 1 and 30 m and water flow rate varies from 100 to 50,000 L/h. The study reveals that, the annual total energy generation varies between 1200 and 5000 kWh/kW/Year. Whereas the annual average daily yield and Capacity Utilization Factors for such system are 9 kWh/kWp/Day and 40%, respectively at highest possible water head and flow rate as mentioned above. The optimized Picogrid system is shown to have a levelised cost of electricity of 1.4 INR (0.017 USD) and 1.8 INR (0.022 USD) per kWh for 100% and 30% equity investment, respectively. The energy produced by these methods can be provided in rural areas thereby making electricity and revenue producing probabilities concurrently.
Introduction to this special section: Coastal geophysics
Authors: Grobbe Niels
Published: September 2023

Approximately 40% of the world's population currently lives in a coastal zone, meaning within 100 km of a coast. An increasing trend in population and economic activity is causing the pressure on coastal ecosystems to grow, for example due to land cover change, increasing pollutant loads, and the introduction of invasive species (United Nations, 2007).
SWAN: A surface-towed modular controlled-source electromagnetic system for mapping submarine groundwater discharge and offshore groundwater resources
Authors: Pastoressa Anna Eliana , Haroon Amir , Everett Mark E. , Rohde Lea , Bartels Thies , Wollatz-Vogt Martin , Faghih Zahra , Franz Gesa Katharina , Micallef Aaron
Published: September 2023

Offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) are important components of coastal hydrologic systems. A lack of understanding of offshore groundwater systems and their interactions with onshore systems along the majority of global coastlines still exists due to a general paucity of field data. Recently, controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) techniques have emerged as a promising noninvasive method for identifying and characterizing OFG and SGD. Unfortunately, only a few systems are available in academic and research institutions worldwide, and applications are limited to specific regions. These systems are often limited by relatively high deployment costs, slow data acquisition rates, logistical complexity, and lack of modification options. A relatively inexpensive and user-friendly CSEM system is needed to overcome these limitations. We present the initial theoretical and practical developments of SWAN — a low-cost, modular, surface-towed hybrid time-frequency domain CSEM system capable of detecting OFG and SGD to water depths of 100 m. A field test of the system was carried out in the central Adriatic Sea at water depths between several tens to approximately 160 m to illustrate its capabilities. Through its ability to facilitate continuous measurements in both the time and frequency domain, the system has demonstrated its effectiveness in acquiring high-quality data while operating at towing speeds ranging from 2.5 to 3 kn. The resulting data coverage enables the system to detect variations in subsurface resistivity to depths of approximately 150–200 m below seafloor. With its modular, user-friendly design, SWAN provides an accessible, cost-efficient means to investigate the hydrogeology of shallow offshore environments.
Predictive monitoring of urban slope instabilities using geophysics and wireless sensor networks
Authors: Uhlemann S. , Fiolleau S. , Wielandt S. , Dafflon B.
Published: September 2023

Landslides are a frequent natural hazard that affect millions of people globally and cause considerable damage and fatalities each year. Changing climate patterns and expanding urban areas are leading to an increased landslide risk. Thus, there is a need for novel methods to mitigate the hazard. Here, we provide an overview of recent work conducted within the densely populated San Francisco Bay Area, where geophysical characterization and monitoring are used to gain a predictive understanding of landslide processes. First, we show how geophysical and remote sensing can be used to map the landslide hazard, and then we show how geophysical data can be used to estimate the temporal variability of the hazard and possibly to provide landslide early warning. To estimate variations in soil properties and deformations across the site, we installed a wireless sensor network. We show how data from this network can be used to provide a predictive estimation of critical conditions. Eventually, the data presented here will be used by site management to address and mitigate the landslide hazard.
Accuracy of Tumor Bed Biopsy for Predicting Pathologic Complete Response After Chemotherapy Among Women With Breast Cancer: Complete Responders in the Breast Study
Authors: Hariharan Nisha , Rao T. Subramanyeshwar , Rajappa Senthil , Naidu C.C.K. , Raju K.V.V.N. , Koppula Veeraiah , Sannapareddy Kamala , Sudhir Rashmi , Kodandapani Suseela , Fonseca Daphne , Murthy Sudha
Published: September 2023

CRBr study: 14G tumor bed biopsy unreliable pCR predictor (false negatives 42.1%). Need alternatives.
Randomized Phase III Study Comparing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery Versus Chemoradiation in Stage IB2-IIB Cervical Cancer: EORTC-55994
Authors: Kenter Gemma G. , Greggi Stefano , Vergote Ignace , Katsaros Dionyssios , Kobierski Juliusz , van Doorn Heleen , Landoni Fabio , van der Velden Jacobus , Reed Nicholas , Coens Corneel , van Luijk Iske , Colombo Nicoletta , Steen-Banasik Elzbietta van der , Ottevanger Nelleke , Casado Antonio ,   on behalf of the EORTC-55994 Study Group, Schratter-Sehn Annemarie , Vergote Ignace , Vermorken Jan Baptist , Altintas Sevilay , Kridelka Frederic , Goffin Frédéric , Joly-Lobbedez Florence , Katsaros Dionyssios , Greggi Stefano , Colombo Nicoletta , Landoni Fabio , Zola Paolo , Ferrero Annamaria , Franchi Massimo , Donadello Nicoletta , Massuger Leon , Ansink Anca , Van Doorn Helena , Van Der Velden Jacobus , Verheijen Rene , van Baal W.M. , Kenter Gemma , Van Dorst Eleonora , Kenter Gemma , Gaarenstroom Katja , Kristensen Gunnar , Kobierska Anna , Kobierski Julisz , de Oliveira Carlos Freire , Frutuoso Cristina , Casado Herraez Antonio , Reed Nicholas , Jyothirmayi Rema , Nordin Andrew , Rustin Gordon
Published: September 2023

The EORTC-55994 trial compared neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by radical surgery with concomitant chemoradiation (CCRT) in patients with Stage IB2-IIB cervical cancer. This trial took almost 12 years to recruit 626 patients with a median follow-up of 8.7 years.
Trans-migrations: Agency and Confinement at the Limits of Sovereignty
Authors: Balaguera Martha
Published: September 2023

Martha Balaguera illuminates how gender and geographical transitions shape each other, blurring distinctions of shelter and homelessness, motion and boundedness, freedom and unfreedom, and undergirding her conceptual innovation of “confinement in motion.”
“Awakening to a Nightmare”: Abjectivity and Illegality in the Lives of Undocumented 1.5-Generation Latino Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Gonzales Roberto G. , Chavez Leo R.
Published: September 2023

Advancing the concept abjectivity, the authors interrogate how the biopolitics of citizenship and governmentality—surveillance, immigration documents, employment forms, birth certificates, tax forms, drivers’ licenses, credit card applications, bank accounts, medical insurance, car insurance, random detentions, and deportations—enclose, penetrate, define, limit, and frustrate the lives of undocumented 1.5-generation Latino immigrants (those who migrated at a young age).
Altered expression, but small contribution, of the histone demethylase KDM6A in obstructive uropathy in mice
Authors: Hong Lisa Y. Q. , Yeung Emily S. H. , Tran Duc Tin , Yerra Veera Ganesh , Kaur Harmandeep , Kabir M. D. Golam , Advani Suzanne L. , Liu Youan , Batchu Sri Nagarjun , Advani Andrew
Published: September 2023

Epigenetic processes have emerged as important modulators of kidney health and disease. Here, we studied the role of KDM6A (a histone demethylase that escapes X-chromosome inactivation) in kidney tubule epithelial cells. We initially observed an increase in tubule cell Kdm6a mRNA in male mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). However, tubule cell knockout of KDM6A had relatively minor consequences, characterized by a small reduction in apoptosis, increase in inflammation and downregulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. In proximal tubule lineage HK-2 cells, KDM6A knockdown decreased PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein levels and mRNA levels of the encoding gene, PPARGC1A. Tubule cell Kdm6a mRNA levels were approximately 2-fold higher in female mice than in male mice, both under sham and UUO conditions. However, kidney fibrosis after UUO was similar in both sexes. The findings demonstrate Kdm6a to be a dynamically regulated gene in the kidney tubule, varying in expression levels by sex and in response to injury. Despite the context-dependent variation in Kdm6a expression, knockout of tubule cell KDM6A has subtle (albeit non-negligible) effects in the adult kidney, at least in males.
Vis-NIR-Electrochromic Interconversion of Dithienylmethylium-Type Cyanine Dyes with a σ-Bonded Dimer or Isolable Neutral Radical
Authors: Chong Su-Gi , Suzuki Shuichi , Suzuki Takanori , Ishigaki Yusuke
Published: September 2023

4-Methoxyphenyl-substituted di(2-thienyl)methyliums were designed and synthesized as a new class of cationic dyes exhibiting absorption in the visible (Vis) and near-infrared (NIR) region. Their cyanine-type π-conjugation was confirmed by alternation of positive charges along the polymethine chain as well as by a significant disappearance of bond alternation. Upon one-electron reduction of these cations, neutral radicals were generated, which could be isolated as stable entities when an anthryl-type substituent was attached to the central methine carbon while the secondary radical without any substituent quantitatively converted to a σ-bonded dimer. Since both the stable radical and the dimer regenerated the starting cyanine dyes upon oxidation, the present redox pairs can serve as electrochromic materials that exhibit a change in absorption in the Vis-NIR region.
The Minimum Wage as a Tool for Racial Economic Justice
Authors: Smythe Andria , Hsu Linchi
Published: September 2023

Participants at the 1963 civil rights march on Washington supported minimum wage laws using arguments of economic justice. Many economists at the time argued against the minimum wage based on efficiency concerns rooted in neoclassical theory. After decades of debate, where does the economics profession stand on the justice and efficiency claims of the minimum wage? We discuss the evolution of the minimum wage literature in economics, focusing on racial justice. We highlight recent empirical papers that overwhelmingly support the position of the marchers on Washington while at the same time showing little to no loss of economic efficiency. (JEL D63, J15, J22, J31, J38, K31)
Turmeric extract gel and honey in post-cesarean section wound healing: A preliminary study
Authors: Nilawati Usman Andi , Sartini Sartini , Yulianti Risfah , Kamsurya Melani , Oktaviana Agriyaningsih , Nulandari Zafitri , Agustin Dinah Inrawati , Fendi Fendi
Published: September 2023

Background: Delivery by cesarean section (SC) increases the risk of a surgical site infection (SSI). Therapy from health services and complementary therapy reduce the risk of infection and accelerate the wound-healing process. This study compared wound healing after SC with a turmeric extract gel and original Trigona honey.

Methods: Female white rats (Rattus novergicus) with pre- and post-testing and a control group were included in this experiment, which was conducted in June-July 2022. The test animals were 56 female white rats, 2-4 months old, weighing 150–350 g. The treatment group was divided into three subgroups with application of 50% and 75% turmeric extract gel and Trigona honey. The turmeric was given twice daily, and the honey was divided into two applications of twice a day and once a day. Wounds were assessed using the Reeda Scale.

Results: The fastest wound healing occurred in the group given Trigona honey twice daily. Redness, ecchymosis, and edema disappeared in this group on day 9 (score 0), and granulation tissue formed on day 9. The group that was administered 50% and 75% turmeric gel extract and Trigona honey once a day healed by days 12 and 15, respectively; all three of these interventions were better than the control group.

Conclusions: Administering Trigona honey twice daily was more effective for accelerating wound healing than the 50% or 75% turmeric extract gel. Original Trigona honey has the potential to be a post-SC wound healing agent.
Awareness regarding knowledge associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) among women in Wardha district- A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Patil Sejal , Mude Gaurav
Published: September 2023

Women can develop PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) at a young age. It is a reasonably common endocrine disorder that results in hormonal imbalances and mostly raises androgen hormone production. In India, one in eight women had PCOS, according to a study from the year 2020. More than half of the 10 million people with PCOS are unaware that they have it, hence there is a need for improved public awareness of the condition. For the general public to realize the necessity, it is necessary to have awareness of having symptoms like irregular periods and pelvic pain. Despite the way that there is no solution for PCOS, there are medicines that could facilitate the pressure and difficulties brought about by side effects. The likelihood of an early diagnosis will increase as PCOS becomes more well-known. The adoption of a standardized questionnaire, which will guarantee consistency in data collection and minimize bias, is the study's key strength. A big sample size will also increase the study's accuracy and the generalizability of its findings. The study's drawbacks include the possibility of recollection bias since respondents might not fully recall their familiarity with PCOS. Additionally, because the study will only be conducted in one Indian district, the generalizability may be limited of the outcomes. Analyzing the level of PCOS knowledge and awareness among women in India's Wardha area is the goal of this research proposal. The discoveries of this study will be useful for public health initiatives aiming at raising PCOS awareness and, ultimately, lowering the prevalence of PCOS among women.
Lower limb rehabilitation using modified constraint-induced movement therapy and motor relearning program on balance and gait in sub-acute hemiplegic stroke: a comparative study
Authors: Chavan Nitika S. , Raghuveer Raghumahanti
Published: September 2023

Background: A stroke is described by the World Health Organization as “a clinical syndrome with rapidly developing symptoms that consist of a focal (or global, in a situation of coma) disruption of cerebral function that lasts more than 24 hours or leads to mortality without a known cause other than a vascular origin”. Stroke is the most prevalent cause of impairment and mortality on a global scale. Modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) is an approach to therapy for motor disabilities that involves constraining the movements of the nonparetic limb, diligent practice and behaviour modification to extend the time the paretic limb is utilized for daily tasks. The motor relearning program (MRP) method involves many aspects of motor learning theory and is helpful in providing instructions for retraining practical skills (including walking, standing and sitting in balance and transferring abilities). So, the objective of this study is to assess the impact of the MRP and mCIMT on balance and gait in sub-acute hemiplegic stroke patients.

Methods: In this study, each group will consist of 17 people in total. The randomization procedure will be conducted using a computer-generated random number system. For sample distribution, we will use the sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelope technique. Outcome measures will be as follows: Berg balance scale, Dynamic gait index, Trunk impairment scale, Functional reach test, 10 Meter walk test and Fall efficacy test. Each patient will be evaluated prior to and during treatment at baseline and six weeks later.

Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence to derive the conclusion that the functional mobility and balance of stroke victims can be improved with physiotherapy. Therefore, this study will try to seek the comparison of mCIMT and MRP in sub-acute stroke subjects and compare the two regimes to determine which one will be superior.

Registration: CTRI (CTRI/2023/05/052674; 16/05/2023).
The use of Simulated Observations in Medical Simulation and its effect on perceived realism: A pilot project
Authors: Ainsworth James , Perumal Sounder , Pillai Suresh
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Simulation is an effective teaching method with increasing growth and recognition and refers to the artificial representation of a real-life scenario. The aim of this study was to compare simulation with and without the use of a simulated observations monitor and to investigate differences in students’ impression of realism, engagement, learning, and enjoyment.

Methods

Simulation sessions were delivered to second and third-year Swansea University Medical Students, and a total of 15 students were included. Students carried out 2-3 scenarios each with and without the use of a simulated observations monitor. Data collection was conducted via student surveys and a joint interview.

Results

All students had an increased sense of realism with the use of the simulated observations monitor, feeling a closer resemblance to what would be experienced in clinical practice. They felt this improved their learning, making them more prepared for the real-life scenario. The monitor was more dynamic, responding to their interventions, helping them maintain focus and engagement throughout. A key theme was the reduction of interruptions or deviations from the scenario to communicate with the examiner or ask for observations. The visual and audible affects provided additional stimuli, adding to the realistic nature of the simulation.

Discussion

Simulation has been shown to be a useful education tool, but there is less evidence to support the use of higher fidelity over lower fidelity simulation. The terms are often used inconsistently, and many factors affect the students’ perceived sense of realism. This study shows that the addition of a simple device such as the simulated observations monitor can produce a higher level of fidelity, particularly in terms of the stimuli provided and student perceptions of realism, which may be effective in improving engagement with the simulation, learning, and aid recall when presented with similar scenarios in a real-life situation.
Accelerating medical education with ChatGPT: an implementation guide
Authors: Peacock Justin , Austin Andrea , Shapiro Marina , Battista Alexis , Samuel Anita
Published: September 2023

Chatbots powered by artificial intelligence have revolutionized many industries and fields of study, including medical education. Medical educators are increasingly asked to perform more administrative, written, and assessment functions with less time and resources. Safe use of chatbots, like ChatGPT, can help medical educators efficiently perform these functions. In this article, we provide medical educators with tips for the implementation of ChatGPT in medical education. Through creativity and careful construction of prompts, medical educators can use these and other implementations of chatbots, like ChatGPT, in their practice.
Migration health ethics in Southeast Asia: a scoping review
Authors: Ng Shu Hui , Kaur Sharon , Cheah Phaik Yeong , Ong Zhen Ling , Lim Jane , Voo Teck Chuan
Published: September 2023

Background: Asia hosts the second-largest international migrant population in the world. In Southeast Asia (SEA), key types of migration are labour migration, forced migration, and environmental migration. This scoping review seeks to identify key themes and gaps in current research on the ethics of healthcare for mobile and marginalised populations in SEA, and the ethics of research involving these populations.

Methods: We performed a scoping review using three broad concepts: population (stateless population, migrants, refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced people), issues (healthcare and ethics), and context (11 countries in SEA). Three databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science) were searched from 2000 until May 2023 over a period of four months (February 2023 to May 2023). Other relevant publications were identified through citation searches, and six bioethics journals were hand searched. All searches were conducted in English, and relevant publications were screened against the inclusion and exclusion criteria.  Data were subsequently imported into NVivo 14, and thematic analysis was conducted.

Results: We identified 18 papers with substantial bioethical analysis. Ethical concepts that guide the analysis were ‘capability, agency, dignity’, ‘vulnerability’, ‘precarity, complicity, and structural violence’ (n=7). Ethical issues were discussed from the perspective of research ethics (n=9), clinical ethics (n=1) and public health ethics (n=1). All publications are from researchers based in Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia. Research gaps identified include the need for more research involving migrant children, research from migrant-sending countries, studies on quality of migrant healthcare, participatory health research, and research with internal migrants.

Conclusions: More empirical research is necessary to better understand the ethical issues that exist in the domains of research, clinical care, and public health. Critical examination of the interplay between migration, health and ethics with consideration of the diverse factors and contexts involved is crucial for the advancement of migration health ethics in SEA.
Anaphylaxis events following COVID-19 antiviral and neutralising monoclonal antibody treatment for non-hospitalised patients: data from the OpenSAFELY-TPP platform
Authors: Zheng Bang , Green Amelia CA , Nab Linda , Tazare John , Bechman Katie , Mehrkar Amir , Hulme William J , MacKenna Brian , Goldacre Ben , Douglas Ian , Tomlinson Laurie A ,   The OpenSAFELY Collaborative
Published: September 2023

Background: Limited evidence is available regarding the anaphylaxis risk following the administration of COVID-19 therapeutics.

Methods: With the approval of NHS England, we conducted a descriptive analysis of anaphylaxis events following COVID-19 treatment for non-hospitalised patients using routine clinical data from 24 million people in England in the OpenSAFELY-TPP database.

Results: We found that the risk of anaphylaxis during the 29 days follow-up was 0.04% for sotrovimab users, 0.03% for Paxlovid users, <0.05% for molnupiravir users, and 0.02% for untreated high-risk patients.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that anaphylaxis risks were similar between sotrovimab and Paxlovid users, which were not appreciably different from untreated patients.
Recent Developments in Security-Constrained AC Optimal Power Flow: Overview of Challenge 1 in the ARPA-E Grid Optimization Competition
Authors: Aravena Ignacio , Molzahn Daniel K. , Zhang Shixuan , Petra Cosmin G. , Curtis Frank E. , Tu Shenyinying , Wächter Andreas , Wei Ermin , Wong Elizabeth , Gholami Amin , Sun Kaizhao , Sun Xu Andy , Elbert Stephen T. , Holzer Jesse T. , Veeramany Arun
Published: September 2023

Intro to the ARPA-E Grid Optimization Competition

In “Recent Developments in Security-Constrained AC Optimal Power Flow: Overview of Challenge 1 in the ARPA-E Grid Optimization Competition,” we review the state of the art in practical algorithms for scheduling power-systems operations in the short term and the results of the recent competition organized by the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy. We explain the mixed-integer nonlinear formulation used in the competition for nonspecialists in electrical engineering, the context and organization of the competition, and the performance of competitors. We find that the collective approaches and results of competitors provide support for efforts to move nonlinear optimization techniques into industrial applications, as they have proven to be a robust and efficient alternative to current linear approximation techniques.
Recommendations for the scope of the Department of Health and Social Care review of licensing in England–the case for redefining the more invasive procedures as ‘surgical’
Authors: Sines David
Published: September 2023

Non-surgical procedures have been the subject of controversy, in part due to their invasiveness. Professor David Sines from the Joint Council for Cosmetic Practitioners (JCCP) introduces a new non-surgical licensing scheme for England
Exploring the luxury landscape in aesthetics
Authors: Bird Vanessa
Published: September 2023

Is there a place for luxury in medical aesthetics? Can we successfully and ethically embrace the luxury approach to aesthetics when there is a duty of care to provide safe and effective treatments as medical professionals in an economically challenging climate?