bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modal Analysis on Bus Body Frame Based on I-DEAS Software
Authors: Chen Yuan Hua
Published: June 2012

The author sets up the FEA modal of a bus body using the I-DEAS software and applies load.After solution,the athor gets the frame’s former ten natural frequencies and their corresponding vibration shapes.This can supply the important theoretical basis in analysis and calculation and in improving the design of the bus body.
Simulation and Design of the Variable Cross-Section of a Deep Pool
Authors: Wang Yu Xia , Jiang Feng , Zhang Ming Sheng
Published: June 2012

With the increasing of the depth of the deep pool, its internal force increased significantly. To save materials and costs of the project, it’s suggested that the design of variable cross-section should be adopted. In this paper, SAP2000 will be used to simulate the internal force of the deep pool under the static pressure of the water. Based on the simulation, a design of variable cross-section will be proposed for the project.
Application of Workflow Management Systems in E-Services
Authors: Xin Hai Tao
Published: June 2012

Workflow management systems, a relatively recent technology, are designed to make work more efficient, integrate heterogeneous application systems, and support inter-organizational processes in electronic commerce applications. This paper presents an infrastructure and a mechanism for achieving dynamic Inter-enterprise workflow management using e-services provided by collaborative e-business enterprises. E-services are distributed services that can be accessed programmatically on the Internet, using SOAP messages and the HTTP protocol. In this work, we categorize e-services according to their business types. E-service requests are specified in the activities of a process model according to some standardized e-service templates and are bound to the proper service providers at run-time by using a constraint-based, dynamic binding mechanism.
Cross-Views Process Detection Based on Hardware-Assisted Virtual Machine
Authors: Ling Chong , Yang Xing , Zhang Luo Zheng
Published: June 2012

The current process hiding and detection technologies are analyzed, and the mechanism of cross-views discrepancy utilized by Strider GhostBuster are studied in detail, and based on Hardware-assisted Virtual Machine (HVM) a new framework for process detection is proposed, namely HCPD, whose effectiveness and integrality are verified through experiments.
Research on Wireless Data Transmission Technologies in Regional Grain Emergency System
Authors: Ma Hai Hua , Xiao Le , Wang Sen
Published: June 2012

This paper analyses three communication technologies, such as GPRS, satellite or shortwave on the basis of the characteristics of data transmission in regional grain emergency system. Especially, shortwave is suitable for emergency communications because of its high invulnerability and long communication distance. This paper presents a scheme for wireless data transmission in regional grain emergency system using shortwave.
Three Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Ground Settlement Induced by Shield Tunneling
Authors: Wang Zhong Chang
Published: June 2012

The fine numerical simulation is used to study the ground settlement of complex stratum owing to shield construction by ANSYS program. It is shown that the closer the distance between soil layer and the axis of tunnel is, the smaller the disturbance of construction is, the obvious the ground surface settlement is. The value of the maximum settlement at the center of the surface is 7.4mm. The maximum settlement of vault is 14mm. The ground subsidence in cross section distribution is shaped of normal distribution. The closer the distance between soil layer and ground surface is, the smaller the vertical displacement is, the bigger the width of settlement trough of soil layers is. The width of settlement trough is 25m. The volume loss rate of shield tunnel is about 0.32%. The width coefficient of ground settlement trough is 0.56. The tendency of ground settlement decrease to become gentle with the advance of shield construction. The ground settlement keeps constant after tunnel face advancing to 30m.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Test Simulation System
Authors: Wei Liu , Chen Hai Yan , Li Li , Fu Hai Ming , Wei Li
Published: June 2012

Wireless communications test set is a test instrument widely used in the field of telecommunication test, but it costs much. To satisfy the actual needs of University's practical teaching, the wireless test simulation software is designed and developed. The simulation system uses C# language for development and design. In term of technical implementation, methods such as object-oriented simulation, GDI+ and Monte Carlo methods are used to deal with the complicated design during the simulation. It realizes the simulation test process of the test set, getting the same results between simulation test results and actual test effects. In term of simulation teaching, the system provides several practical teaching and management functions by combining with the actual conditions of university. The simulation system is of strong practicality to be applied in college teaching as wireless measurement simulation teaching software.
Rapid Realization of Mine Survey Mapping Based on AutoCAD
Authors: Wei Xiang , He Hu Jun , Li Wan Ling
Published: June 2012

Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of mine survey mapping by manual way and development software way, according to large workload and low efficiency of mapping by hand and existing problems of most automatic mapping softwares now, combining the characteristic of vector mine-map, the author carries through secondary development of AutoCAD to realize mine automatic mapping directly using station points coordinates based on the connection of VB program technology and Excel database by high-grade language. Thus it reduces working procedures of mapping by hand as well as improves efficiency of mapping.
Equation Model of the Cooling Process in High Pressure Die-Casting Technology
Authors: Semanco Pavol , Fedák Marcel , Rimár Miroslav , Skok Peter , Ragan Emil
Published: June 2012

In the die-casting technology there is very necessary to determine cooling process of castings in metallic mold especially in the case of castings with great weight to achieve quality surface and properties of the casting without any defects. To regulate cooling in the time course, it is desirable to develop equation of regulation system that determining mold temperature dependence on casting temperature. In the paper we proposed model of regulatory system in the cooling process of casting in a mold that is based on an analysis of amplitude, phase and transition characteristics. The result is presented as proposal for regulatory circuit to control cooling process of casting in the mold.
Embedded UPS Remote Control Management System Based on ARM
Authors: Yao Hui Lin , Zhang Song Lan
Published: June 2012

Design an Embedded UPS Remote Control and Management System with S3C2440. Remote control discharge, field manual discharge, regular maintenance for discharge operation, remote and manual power recovery operation can be realized through INTRANET LAN and field terminal. Further more, overdischarging protection, power abnormal protection, fault alarm, field data collection and upload are also achieved, which makes the system widely applied in the field of bank and hospital.
The Design on Thermostatic Oil Tank of the Forming Equipment on Pressing and Spinning
Authors: Ma Chun Sheng , Zhang Zhi Min
Published: June 2012

Based on the isothermal forming technology of pressing and spinning, designed the thermostatic fuel tank structure through the heat conduction computation, the heat conductivity value's analysis and working theory. It implements high-precision automatic control system by fuzzy--PID hybrid control technology in SCM. The results show that tank run stable, system temperature fluctuation less than ± 0.06, accuracy to meet the design requirements.
Design and Implementation of OFDM Modem for Low Voltage Narrowband Powerline Communication
Authors: Zhang Sheng Qing , Zhang Yi Feng , Li Zhao , Zou Cai Rong
Published: June 2012

Narrowband powerline communication has the great potential market application like Auto-Meter-Reading (AMR). This paper focuses on the design and implementation of narrowband powerline communication module with the OFDM technology. Firstly, it introduces the OFDM solution for low voltage powerline communication module design, then it describes the implementation of the sync module, Viterbi code translation module and FFT module based on FPGA platform in details. Finally, it provides the actual test results for the communication module. It shows, the communication data rate of the narrowband powerline communication is greatly improved with OFDM technology.
Study on E-Paper Controller Integrated with DRM
Authors: Li Qing Cheng , Zhu Ke , Ma Jie , Zhang Jin
Published: June 2012

Security vulnerabilities and the slow speed of traditional Digital Rights Management (DRM) in E-Paper device are the major restrictions of E-Paper industry. This paper introduces a new type of E-Paper controller which is integrated with DRM. DRM is realized in hardware. Data stored in main memory and controller memory or transferred from CPU to controller are encrypted. So that so they are more secure. Display process and decryption process are combined into one pipeline and can run simultaneously. Thus higher speed and less security vulnerabilities are given to controller.
Development of Parameterized Modeling for Tower Crane
Authors: Zhang Guang Yun , Lan Peng , Lu Nian Li
Published: June 2012

The development of parameterized modeling for ST8075 tower crane is based on finite element analysis software SAP84 and high-level programming language Fortran. According to the Saint-Venant principle, the special beam elements such as rotation joint and connection knots are specially reinforced if they don’t affect force analysis and deformation analysis of the whole structure. The tower crane is built into many small modules, which include balance arms, booms, tower body and so on. The developed program for the tower crane can realize the following functions: inputting the following parameters such as the tower body standard joint number, the boom combination type, working amplitude and hoisting weight, the computer can automatically generate hoisting points and get required crane with any tower body standard joints and booms’ combination type. According to inputted boom combination type and amplitude, the program will automatically judge the balance weight value applied to the balance arm, apply the balance weight, assure the variable-amplitude vehicle’s position, apply the hoisting load, apply the hanger weight and generate data files. It can calculate tower crane’s force state when the crane is working at various working case such as working state and storm case. After calculating the crane, inner forces can be checked and judged whether the beams meet the requirements of strength, stiffness and stability. It is easy to optimize the product design, reduce the crane’s potential risks and raise its safety assurance. It has important significance for research and development of new products.
Static Target Identification Based on the Simulation of Thermal Infrared Image
Authors: Liu Li , Gu Xing Fa , Yu Tao , Li Xiao Ying , Li Jia Guo , Gao Hai Liang , Sun Yuan
Published: June 2012

Based on the principle of the simulation of the infrared thermal image, the static aircraft in the background of cement surface, at 2:00, 11:00, 14:00, are simulated under the remote sensors with spatial resolution of 5m and 10m. The evaluation is based on the radiance of target and the background extracted from the simulation image. The results indicate that the method in this paper can reflect the difference of radiance between the static target and the background which is useful in the target identification.
A Survey on Smoke Simulation Methods
Authors: Ding Wan Ning , Wang Yan An
Published: June 2012

This paper presented a survey on the development of smoke simulation in computer animation, with a detail introduction to the classification of the works as well as different kinds of methods employed in the field. The methods applied mainly include the particle system method, the mathematic and physics-based method and the texture based method. Each method had their advantages and shortcomings, application scopes and result characteristics. We discussed the tendency of this direction.
Application of TDR and FDR Techniques in the Intelligent Maintenance of Communication Line
Authors: Ren Tiao Juan
Published: June 2012

This paper mainly researched the application of TDR and FDR techniques in the intelligent maintenance of communication line. The detection and localization of communication line based on TDR and FDR techniques were detailed analyzed when disconnection fault, short-circuit fault, line bridges and other anomalies happened. Then TDR and FDR techniques were compared for user to select. After actual verification, TDR and FDR techniques can well satisfy the needs of field application. They have great application value.
Based on Image Matching and Tracking of Moving Objects
Authors: Wang Jian Xiong , Wang Yu Lan , Hong Bin , Zhang Hong Ling
Published: June 2012

According to the traditional gray-scale value matching algorithm and its defect of high time complexity, this paper presents a matching algorithm based background subtraction. First we find moving target in the background by subtraction, and then match the template image to the target image of motion, which greatly reduces the amount of calculation and improves the matching speed. We effectively predict the target’s location in the next frame by five-point linear prediction method. Simulation shows that the algorithm is better than the traditional gray-scale matching algorithm and it has strong robustness.
FBG Demodulation System Based on Real-Time Correction Technology
Authors: Yu Xiao Yu , Liu Yan
Published: June 2012

The system error of the FBG demodulation system based on tunable fiber Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometer increases due to the uncertain relationship of driving voltage and the scanning wave peak. So the real-time correction technology is studied here. A parallel real-time correction system is designed to correct nonlinear problems of PZT and structural errors of the tunable FP interferometer. The relation between PZT driving voltage and the peak of tunable FP interferometer is analyzed by the experiments. Then a fast segmentation algorithm is designed. Then a signal processing system is designed using FPGA, which guarantees real-time work of the system by integrating the demodulation system control, filter calculation and data compression circuits into one FPGA chip. Experimental results show that the system described here solves the accuracy problem caused by the tunable FP interferometer.
Study of Image Edge Detection Techniques
Authors: Yan Wen Zhong , Deng Da Zhi
Published: June 2012

Edges characterize boundaries. Edge detection is a problem of fundamental importance in image processing. The key of edge detection for image is to detect more edge details, reduce the noise impact to the largest degree. In this paper the comparative analysis of various image edge detection techniques is presented. In order to evaluate these techniques, they are used to detect the edge of chromosome image. Firstly, the iterative thresholding algorithm and morphologic erode algorithm together are applied to enhance both the edges of the chromosomes and the contrast of the image. Then, Sobel operator technique, Roberts technique, Prewitt technique and Canny technique are used respectively to detect the edges of the chromosomes in the image.
Application of Sliding Mode Control for Electric Vehicle Antilock Braking Systems
Authors: Guo Jin Gang , Wang Jun Ping
Published: June 2012

An antilock braking method based on sliding mode control (SMC) for electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed on the basis of antilock braking dynamics model, and hence an SMC controller of antilock braking system is designed. Aiming at the chattering of SMC, a method of parameter fuzzy optimization for exponential approach law is proposed, which can meet the requirements for small chattering, strong disturbance attenuation and fast convergence. In order to take full advantage of regenerative braking force, a method of braking force distribution between mechanical and electrical braking systems is elaborated. The simulations on the road with different friction coefficients show that the vehicle speed is in good agreement with the wheel speed during braking, and the slip ratio is kept within an optimal range. Adopting SMC based on fuzzy optimization, optimal slip ratio can be tracked fast and accurately. Furthermore, since the regenerative braking force is made full use of during braking, the energy recovery efficiency is high.
The Study on the Asphalt Pavement with Composite Base
Authors: Shan Jing Song , Zhang Ning , Fan He Xue
Published: June 2012

Semi-rigid layer is widely used as the base in China. However, the structure has resulted in many premature distresses in asphalt concrete layer. In order to overcome the problem, the composite base is introduced which is composed by both flexible and chemically stabilized material. The internal stresses are calculated by linear multilayer elastic theory and then, a comparison of the stresses of asphalt pavement with semi-rigid base and composite base is provided. The result shows that the composite base composed by all, consisting of the asphalt treated layer, graded crushed stone and cement treated layer is more suitable structure to resist cracking and the structure also has good adaptability to heavy load.
A Dynamical Analysis of Folder Type of Industrial Automatic Door
Authors: Yun Seong Ho
Published: June 2012

This paper deals with a formulation and analysis of dynamic mechanism for the folder type of automatic door extensively used in industrial plants. A nonlinear equation of motion is derived in terms of folding angle to estimate driving forces. An operating time needed to open the door and corresponding velocities are controlled for the purpose of design. The stiffness of torsional spring is also investigated when the automatic door is closed to prevent the free falling. This research includes a numerical experiment for the two-step folding automatic door which results from the analysis methodology for this multi-step folding mechanical system.
A Range of Involute (Evolute) Transformation Model of Gear Characteristic Curve under Scroll Coordinate System
Authors: Wang Shu Ying , Yang Zhan Min , Wang Yi
Published: June 2012

By tangent and normal use of the circle scroll coordinate system is defined. Through regular, long pieces, short pieces of involute (evolute) process analysis, a range of involute (evolute) transformation model is established to achieve the high degree unity of a rectangular coordinate curves and polar coordinates (rotation) curve. For the practical application of engineering technology, the paper presented a method of continuous circular gear tooth profile curve, non-circular section of the conjugate gear involute curve rate curve for the rectangular coordinate, providing an effective way for the research of the rotation curve and the design of gear transmission.
Damping Improvement in Layered and Jointed Beams by Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Thatoi D.N. , Mohanty R.C. , Acharya A.K. , Nanda B.K.
Published: June 2012

Damping in built-up structures is produced by the energy dissipation due to micro-slip along the frictional interfaces. A finite element model of the linear elastic system has been formulated using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory to investigate the damping phenomena in riveted connections. The discrete element system having two degrees of freedom per node representing v and has been used for the analysis. The generalized stiffness and mass matrices for this element has been derived. Extensive experiments have been conducted for the validation of the analysis. From this study, it is established that the damping capacity increases and the natural frequency decreases due to the joint effects.
Analysis of Cogeneration System in Series Circuit Based on Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Kim Kyoung Hoon , Ko Hyung Jong , Kim Se Woong
Published: June 2012

In this paper thermodynamic performance of a combined heat and power cogeneration system driven by low-temperature source is investigated. The system consists of regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and an additional process heater as a series circuit. Seven working fluids of isobutene, butane, R11, R123, isopentane, normal pentane, and R113 are considered in this work. Special attention is paid to the effects of system parameters such as the turbine inlet pressure or source temperature on the characteristics of the system such as the ratio of mass flow rates, net work production as well as the efficiencies of the first and second laws of thermodynamics for various working fluids. This study finds that higher turbine inlet pressure leads to lower second law efficiency of ORC system but higher that of the combined system. Results also show that the optimum working fluid varies with the source temperature.
A Thermodynamic Analysis of Cogeneration System in Parallel Circuit Based on Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Kim Kyoung Hoon , Kim Se Woong , Ko Hyung Jong
Published: June 2012

The combined heat and power generation system using Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has become a promising technology for efficient conversion of low-grade heat source to useful form of energy. In this study thermodynamic performance is investigated for a cogeneration system which consists of ORC power plant and an additional process heater as a parallel circuit. Nine different kinds of fluids of R143a, R22, R134a, R152a, R123, R113, isobutene, butane, and isopentane are considered as a working fluid of ORC. The effects of system parameters such as turbine inlet pressure, source temperature, and process heat load on the system performance including ratio of mass flow rates, net work production, and the first and second law efficiencies of thermodynamics for each fluid. Results show that there exists an optimal turbine inlet pressure to yield maximum net work. The selection of the working fluid for the combined system which assumes the maximum second-law efficiency is dependent on the source temperature level.
Collaborative Scheduling Scheme of Electro-Optical Countermeasure Resources Based on Multi-Agent System
Authors: Luo Rong , Li Hai Long , Ye Xia , Xu Dong Hui
Published: June 2012

From the demand of electro-optical countermeasure resources scheduling, a new scheme is provided to effectively solve the reasonable scheduling of resources in this paper. The framework of the collaborative scheduling system of electro-optical countermeasure resources is constructed based on Multi-Agent system. The resources scheduling is simplified through establishing the correspondence of tasks, roles and Agents. Integration methods of a variety of electro-optical countermeasure information are also discussed to provide technical support for electro-optical countermeasure resources collaborative scheduling.
Design and Implementation of the Agile Supply Chain Information Sharing Platform in Steel Industry based on Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Service
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu Yan , Dong Xin Fa
Published: June 2012

Agile supply chain management is becoming an important subject in steel business management and technological innovation in China. Through researching on agile supply chain management in Iron and steel enterprises, advices and schemes are proposed which will accelerate the development of Chinese steel industry, enhance its market responsiveness and competitiveness, and help it obtains cost advantage. In this work, we apply Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Service technology into the agile supply chain management system in steel industry, and build agile supply chain information sharing platform which is based on Web Service, so the system will achieve data sharing and operation sharing, so as to achieve applications that is cross-platform, cross-system and high multiplexing distributed.
Attachment and Proliferation of Cultured Human Periodontal Ligament Cells on 75:25 Poly (DL-Lactide-co-ε-Caprolactone) Electrospun Resorbable Membrane
Authors: Phunturug S. , Rassameemasmaung S. , Punyodom Winita , Molloy Robert , Sirikulsathean A. , Suchiva Krisda , Piyakunakorn P.
Published: June 2012

75:25 poly (DL-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) electrospun resorbable membranes were prepared by electrospinning and film casting techniques. Primary cultures of human periodontal ligament (HPDL) fibroblasts cells were seeded on the electrospun membranes, film-cast membranes, and control glass cover slips. The number of cell attached was determined at 1, 3, 24 and 72 h after cell seeding. Cell proliferation on the membranes was determined by MTT assay at 1.5 h and 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after cell seeding. The morphology of cells was also determined by SEM. The results indicated that the cell attached number and cell proliferation on the electrospun membranes were significantly higher than that of the film-cast membranes at every time point. From an SEM study, HPDL cells could healthy attach on both, the electrospun membranes and the film-cast membranes. HPDL cells were firmly attached to the membrane matrix in the electrospun membrane group. In the film-cast group, HPDL were loosely attached to the membrane surfaces. In conclusion, an electrospun membrane had better ability to promote HPDL cell attachment and proliferation than did film-cast membranes.
Preparation and Characterization of Biopolymer Film from Pomelo Pectin and Flour
Authors: Trisithivanij V. , Tasaso P.
Published: June 2012

Properties of biopolymer films which were blended from pectin and flour were investigated. Pectin was extracted from pomelo peel by using hydrochloric acid. The extracted pectin was high methoxyl that was characterized by FTIR. Biopolymer film was prepared by blending pectin (3% and 5%) and flour (1% of corn flour, rice flour, and glutinous rice flour) solution at different ratio (4:1 and 3:2). SEM analysis, tensile strength (TS), elongation, and thickness were studied. Tensile test was affected by the amount of pectin and type of flour. At the same concentration of pectin and the ratio of pectin and flour, tensile strength of the film form glutinous rice flour blending was higher than rice and corn flour. The stress of film from glutinous rice flour, rice flour, and corn flour at 3% pectin at ratio of pectin and flour 3:2 was 68.65, 58.25, 46.31 MPa, respectively. In addition, the tensile stress was increased when the amount of glutinous rice flour was increased. The film thickness was 0.1±0.02 mm. Considered the properties of these polymer compared with synthetic polymer, these are interesting alternative for packaging material production.
Spontaneous Calcium Deposition in the Scaffolds from Human Dermal Solutions
Authors: Theerakittayakorn K. , Bunprasert T.
Published: June 2012

Human dermis was used as a new source of raw material for tissue engineering scaffold fabrication. Three human dermal solutions were prepared from different fractions after centrifugation and denoted as DS-1, DS-2 and DS-3. Approximately, the ratios of sulfated GAGs to collagen were 0.03, 0.02 and 0.04 for DS-1, DS-2 and DS-3, respectively. Scaffolds from the human dermal solutions and the commercial bovine type I collagen (Sigma®, St. Louis, MO, USA) were fabricated. The scaffolds were submerged in the normal culture medium and the calcium depositions were determined at day 1, 7 and 21. The highest calcium deposit was found in the scaffolds from type I collagen, the second were the scaffolds from DS-2, the third were the scaffolds from DS-1 and the lowest were the scaffolds from DS-3 for all time points. Histological sections stained with von Kossa stain explicitly exhibit the calcium depositions in the scaffolds. The calcium deposited in a manner according to the sulfated GAGs/collagen ratios of the scaffold materials. Calcium deposits are naturally incoperated into the collagen matrix of the human dermal solution-derived scaffolds. In bone tissue engineering, interpretation of experimental results should be careful of the spontaneous calcium deposition in scaffolds from collagen.
Comparison of Metal Alkoxide Initiators in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Caprolactone
Authors: Meelua W. , Bua-Own V. , Molloy Robert , Punyodom Winita
Published: June 2012

Four metal tert-butoxides, namely: aluminum (III) tert-butoxide, Al (Ot-C4H9)3, tin (II) tert-butoxide, Sn (Ot-C4H9)2, titanium (IV) tert-butoxide, Ti (Ot-C4H9)4, and lithium tert-butoxide, Li (Ot-C4H9), were used as initiators in the bulk ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL). The polymerizations were carried out at 120 °C for 72 hrs. It was found that the Al (Ot-C4H9)3 only partially dissolved in the CL monomer and gave a low % conversion. The Li (Ot-C4H9) initiator did not dissolve and gave no polymerization. In contrast, the Sn (Ot-C4H9)2 initiator dissolved completely, albeit very slowly, and gave a high % conversion. The Ti (Ot-C4H9)4 initiator was by far the easiest and quickest to dissolve and also gave a high % conversion. Consequently, Ti (Ot-C4H9)4-initiated polymerization was studied further by dilatometry at 120°C. From the kinetic results, a first-order rate constant, kp, of 0.120 l mol-1 min-1 was obtained.
Apatite-Wollastonite Bioactive Glass-Ceramic Scaffolds for Hard Tissue Engineering
Authors: Sooksaen P. , Chaithep K. , Saliwong T. , Duangart T.
Published: June 2012

Apatite-wollastonite bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds were fabricated from the SiO2-CaO-P2O5 MgO-CaF2 glass system by controlled crystallization between 800 and 1200C of the melted and quenched glass powder. Wood powder with controlled particle size distribution was used to obtain bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds by burning-out process during crystallization of glass. Bioactive phases of apatite and wollastonite were found in all crystallized samples but the relative amount depended on the crystallization temperature. The bioactivity was studied via simulated body fluid (SBF) solution from 2 to 12 weeks. After soaking for 2 weeks, a porous hydroxyl-carbonate apatite (HCA) layer formed at the SBF-glass ceramic interface and the HCA layer thickness increased at longer soaking periods. This study led to a promising platform for hard tissue engineering.
Biomedical Polymers Materials for a New Era in Molecular Engineering
Authors: Molloy Robert
Published: June 2012

Nowadays, polymers are finding increasing use in a bewildering array of specialist applications. A good example of this is in the biomedical field. In this paper, some of the research work which is being carried out in Chiang Mai will be described. In its wider context, this paper also aims to show how the development of new polymers for such specialist applications depends on being able to control the polymers microstructure at each stage of its synthesis and processing.
Development of NLCs for Topical ATRAs Applications
Authors: Chareanputtakhun P. , Rojanarata Theerasak , Opanasopit Praneet , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait
Published: June 2012

NLCs are second generation of lipid nanoparticles which have many advantages that make them interesting for topical drugs delivery systems. All-trans retinoic acids (ATRAs) are highly lipophilic and instable in the presence of air, light and heat. In this study, 0.3% ATRAs loaded NLCs were developed by de novo emulsifications, then were reduced to nanometer range by ultrasonicator. The characterizations of NLCs i.e. size and zeta potential were examined. NLCs with different solid:liquid lipids ratios (2:1, 1:1 and 1:2), were formulated in order to maximize the skin permeation. The results demonstrate the sizes of NLCs were in nanometer ranges with negative zeta potential. Moreover the results showed that the amount of solid lipids in the formulation affected the skin permeation. The highest ATRAs permeations though shed snake skin could be achieved from the NLCs which lipid matrixs were composed of 2:1 solid:liquid lipids ratios.
Spinal Cord Repair and Regeneration: The Application of Bioadhesives and Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds
Authors: Marcal H. , Ahmed T. , Wanandy N. , Foster J.
Published: June 2012

Extracellular matrices (ECM) derived from urinary bladder membrane (UBM) have demonstrated substantial potential for applications in tissue repair and reconstruction. However, these materials are limited by the requirement of suturing following surgery. In this paper, the coalescence of UBM with an advanced surgical adhesive demonstrated a suitable alternative to sutures for wound closure, prevention of fluid leakage and improvement of cell growth. This novel bioadhesive contains favourable characteristics that are suitable for tissue repair, support of cell growth, and influence cellular microenvironments that are biocompatible with peripheral nerve regeneration in the spinal cord.
Structural Analysis of Strontium-Substituted Hydroxyapatites
Authors: Paennarin H. , Seet S. L.
Published: June 2012

In this work, the effects of pH on the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) and Sr-substituted HA (Sr-HA) were studied. Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and strontium acetate were dissolved in ethanol at the Ca:Sr mole ratio of 9.5:0.5. Diammonium hydrogen phosphate was dissolved in deionized water. The two solutions were mixed thoroughly and the ammonium solution was added in order to adjust the pH of the solution. After precipitation, the system was subjected to the heat until the dried powder was obtained and then calcined at 600°C for 2 h. From XRD study, HA was found as the main phase in all calcined powders. The substitution of Sr for Ca in HA structure was confirmed by the shift of XRD peak to lower angles and the shifts of OH to higher wave number and PO4 bands to lower wave numbers in FT-IR spectra.
Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Addition on Physical Properties of Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Lertcumfu N. , Jarupoom P. , Pengpat Kamonpan , Tunkasiri T. , Rujijanagul Gobwute
Published: June 2012

In the present study the effects of metal oxide nanoparticles addition on the microstructure, physical properties of the HA ceramics were investigated. Many techniques were used for the analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a co-exist phases between hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate in the sintered samples. Addition of NiO resulted an increase in the lattice parameters of the tricalcium phosphates due to the bigger radii atom (Ni) substitution for the small radii atom (Ca). Energy dispersive spectroscopy suggested that most of NiO particles located at grain boundary, resulting in an improvement of hardness of the samples
Factors Influencing the Morphology of Cellulose Acetate Electrospun Fiber Mats
Authors: Plianwong S. , Su-Utha K. , Opanasopit Praneet , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait , Rojanarata Theerasak
Published: June 2012

This study investigated the effect of solvent composition, spinning rate and spinning time on the morphology of electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) fiber mats. To fabricate the fibers, 17 %w/v CA solutions prepared in the solvent consisting of acetone/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) at the ratios of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 (v/v) were subjected to electrospinning process under the constant electric field of 1.17 kV/cm. Scanning electron microscope imaging revealed that different morphologies of fibers obtained were bead-free fibers, fibers with spherical beads, and fibers with spindles, when the acetone/DMAc ratios of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 were used, respectively. In the aspect of spinning rate, it was found that the diameter of electrospun CA fibers, spindles or beads increased with the increasing spinning rate from 0.2 to 1 ml h-1. In addition, the thickness of electrospun CA fiber mats was directly proportional to the spinning time from 2 to 6 h and spinning rate. Interestingly, by using the same spinning time and rate, the bead-free fiber mats were thicker than mats containing fiber with spherical beads or with spindles. These findings provide useful information for the selection of suitable electrospinning parameters in order to obtain the fiber mat with desired characteristics for the intended purpose.
Combination Effects of the Antimicrobial Agents and Cinnamon Oil
Authors: Mahadlek J. , Charoenteeraboon Juree , Phaechamud T.
Published: June 2012

The use of antimicrobial combination may be interesting because it can decrease doses and side effects of antimicrobial agents. The cinnamon essential oil was examined with respect to antimicrobial modifying activity. The combination effect of antimicrobial agents (doxycycline hyclate, ciprofloxacin HCl and metronidazole) and cinnamon oil was evaluated by checkerboard method to obtain a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. The effect of metronidazole+doxycycline hyclate and metronidazole+ciprofloxacin hydrochloride combinations were additive against Staphylococcus aureus. The indifference FIC index was observed only with the doxycycline hyclate+ciprofloxacin HCl combination. Combinations of cinnamon oil and all antimicrobial agents showed the additive effects against S. aureus. These results indicated that the antimicrobial activity of cinnamon oil was generally additive to all test antimicrobial agents.
Determination of Surface Free Energy and Contact Angle for Hydrolyzed Shellac
Authors: Kraisit P. , Limmatvapirat S. , Nunthanid J. , Luangtana-Anan Manee , Terada K. , Yonemochi E. , Yoshihashi Y.
Published: June 2012

The purpose of this research was to determine surface free energy and contact angle of hydrolyzed shellac by using sessile drop technique. It is a method for determination of contact angle by placing a drop of liquid on a substrate and the surface free energy is then calculated by using the Wus equation. The substrate in this study was the hydrolyzed shellac prepared by hydrolysis of the native shellac at various times; 0, 15, 30 and 45 min using 2.0 %w/w sodium hydroxide. Water, formamide and ethylene glycol were liquids used for the investigation of the contact angle and surface free energy. The effect of hydrolysis time tended to reduce the contact angle and increase in the total surface free energy and polar force of hydrolyzed shellac. The result could be due to the breaking of the ester bonds of shellac during the hydrolysis process causing the higher free carboxyl group giving the higher polar group indicating by higher polar force and surface free energy. Therefore, the contact angle and surface free energy detected by sessile drop technique could be of benefit for the determination of hydrolysis process.
Effect of Zein Concentration on the Formation of Pectin-Zein Complexes
Authors: Juttulapa Maneerat , Sriamornsak Pornsak
Published: June 2012

Biopolymeric particles can be formed by electrostatic complexes of globular proteins and anionic polysaccharides mixtures at pH values above pKa of anionic polysaccharide and under the isoelectric point of protein. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of protein (i.e., zein) concentration on the formation of complexes between zein and polysaccharide (i.e., amidated low methoxy pectin) in aqueous solution. The zeta potential, turbidity and morphology under different conditions were observed to provide insights into the physicochemical properties of zein-pectin complexes. The biopolymeric particles were obtained at pH 4 and concentration of zein and pectin of 0.001 and 1% w/w, respectively. As the zein concentration increased, the turbidity of zein-pectin solutions increased, resulting from the formation of zein-pectin complexes. The zeta potential of the systems became less negative when the zein concentration increased. The results suggested that concentration of zein primarily influenced the formation of zein-pectin complexes.
In Situ Crosslinkable Thiolated Chitosan as Scaffold Material for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Sakloetsakun D. , Dünnhaupt S. , Barthelmes J. , Pfaller W. , Bernkop-Schnürch A.
Published: June 2012

The scope of the study was to investigate the potential of thiolated chitosan as scaffold material for tissue engineering. Porous scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying method and stailized via disulfide bond formation. Characterizations were focused on morphological structure and degree of disulfide cross-linking. Renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) were used as model cell line. Chitosan-thioglycolic acid conjugate (chitosan-TGA) displayed 624.8 ± 21.2 and 1195.9 ± 61.0 µmol thiol groups/g polymer (chitosan-TGA 625 and chitosan-TGA 1196, respectively). After 4 days of incubation, the attachment of cells on the chitosan-TGA 625 and chitosan-TGA 1196 scaffolds were 101 ± 6.36 and 157.5 ± 2.82 cells/mm2, respectively. However, RPTECs did not grow on the unmodified chitosan scaffolds. These results confirm the potential utility of chitosan-TGA as a novel candidate being used as scaffold material in tissue engineering.
Instant Powder of Malabar Tamarind Fruit Extract Prepared by Foam-Mat Method
Authors: Phaechamud T. , Sarunyakasitrin K. , Choncheewa C.
Published: June 2012

Garcinia cambogia (Malabar tamarind) is a native plant of Southeast Asia which its dried rind has been extensively employed as an ingredient of the traditional food seasoning and dietary supplements for weight loss. This study aims to prepare the malabar tamarind fruit extract in form of stable foam mat. The development was performed using 1% w/v hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Methocel K15M) and maltodextrin as foaming agent and foam carrier respectively. The contents of foaming agent were varied: 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 percent and the contents of foam carrier were also varied: 20, 30, 40 and 50 percent. Highest content of foamed powder received when 50 percent of foaming agent was used and the content of foamed powder was much higher when maltodextrin was added. However, maltodextrin higher than 20 % can cause the disruption of foam formation and resulting in lower yield of foamed powder. Thus malabar tamarind instant powder could be prepared by foam-mat method using 50 percent of 1% methocel and 20 percent of maltodextrin as foaming agent and foam carrier, respectively. Foamed powder of malabar tamarind extract obtained after drying with hot air oven at 70 °C was bulky and stable.
A Novel Silk Sericin/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Film Crosslinked with Genipin: Fabrication and Characterization for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Siritientong T. , Aramwit Pornanong
Published: June 2012

Silk sericin, a gumming protein from silk cocoons, has been a considerable natural protein-based biopolymer for fabrication of desired constructs for potential tissue engineering applications. This study investigated the formulation of a novel biopolymeric silk sericin/poly (vinyl alcohol) film with genipin as crosslinking agent and its physical properties. Silk sericin itself forms a fragile material, adding other polymers such as poly (vinyl alcohol) and glycerin, a plasticizer, resulting in a strong and flexible matrix. The results indicated that at higher concentration of genipin (0.1% w/v), the percentages of crosslinking in sericin/poly (vinyl alcohol) films was significantly higher. The matrices also exhibited higher tensile modulus value and higher elasticity at higher genipin concentration which can be inferred to higher integrity of the structure compared to matrices with genipin at low concentration (0.01% w/v). On the other hand, the reverse patterns were found in percentages of light transmission and the releasing profile of sericin from the composite films. Adding genipin into the matrices resulted in a lower percentage of light transmission indicated the increase in opacity. The releasing profile of sericin from the films showed that high genipin concentrations reduced the peak of protein released and trended to provide the sustain-released profile of protein. These findings indicated that silk sericin film can be formed and the concentrations of crosslinking agents really affect its physical properties.
Structural and Textural of Marine Mollusc Shell
Authors: Siriprom Wichian , Kirdsiri K. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Chumnanvej N. , Choeysuppaket A. , Limsuwan Pichet
Published: June 2012

The Anadaragranosa and Pernaviridis shell sample were prepared in powder and plate form has been studied. The crystal structure of the shells was studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The identification and quantitative analysis were performed by the XRD patterns and the Rietveld method. It found that the crystal structure of Anadaragranosa shells is a pure aragonite phase, and the Pernaviridis shells is a mixture phase of aragonite and calcite. Also we used the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the Morphology of the Anadaragranosa and Pernaviridis shell sample. The results on SEM micrographs agree well with those of XRD. The results from SEM can be described the textural information and used to determine of the mollusc shell. In addition, the metals in the shells were determined by ESR spectroscopy. The metals in all samples reveals that Mn were found in all mussel shells, and then the ESR spectrum agree well with those of XRD and SEM result, then it can be used to indentification of structural of mollusc shell.
Release of Growth Factor from Platelet-Rich Fibrin and its Stability in Sinus Lifting in Minipigs
Authors: Pattaraporncharoen N. , Pripatnanont P. , Suttapreyasri S. , Leepong N.
Published: June 2012

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is platelet concentration that contains growth factors and acts as a biodegradable scaffold. The aims of this study were to determinethe quantity ofentrappedgrowth factors (Platelet derived growth factor BB, PDGF-BB) in the PRF and radiographically assess the stability of the fibrin in maintaining the lifted sinus space in minipigs. From the in vitro study, PRF was found slowly releasing thegrowth factor, PDGF-BB, during the ex-vivo period of 60 minutes, and the amount (1,963.93±380.17 pg/ml) was comparable to the total amount from immediate extraction either by physical (2,492.2±199.78 pg/ml) or chemical lysis (2,227.32±566.59 pg/ml).In vivo study, PRF wasable to be retained in the sinus of minipigs with minimal collapse during the first 2 weeks after application. PRF has been proven to be a source for growth factors and is able to be retained in the body during the initial period of wound healing.
Ultrasonic Extraction of Thai Propolis for Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Sanpa S. , Sutjarittangtham Krit , Tunkasiri T. , Eitssayeam Sukum , Chantawannakul P.
Published: June 2012

Propolis is the mixture of resins that honeybees collect from plant buds, leaves and exudates. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of propolis have been widely studied, however, there have few reports on Thai propolis. To increase the efficient extraction of organic propolis compounds, extraction methods have been developed. We applied the ultrasound technology to reduce extraction time and increase extraction yields of propolis. The propolis was extracted using ultrasound technology for 15-60 minutes and the propolis extracts were examined to compare their biological activities. Antimicrobial activities of the propolis were investigated using the agar well diffusion method. The free radical-scavenging and antioxidant activities of propolis extracts were measured using the DPPH and FolinCiocalteau colorimetric methods. The propolis extracted using ultrasound for 15 and 30 minutes showed inhibitory effects on tested fungi and bacteria as well as antioxidant activities.