bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis during Pregnancy Treated with Steroids
Authors: Samra Bachar , Yasmin Mohamad , Arnaout Sami , Azzi Jacques
Published: September 2015

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and severe clinical syndrome characterized by a dysregulated hyperinflammatory immune response. The diagnosis of HLH during pregnancy is especially challenging due to the rarity of this condition. The highly variable clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and associated diagnoses accompanying this syndrome further complicate the problem. A pronounced hyperferritinemia in the setting of systemic signs and symptoms along with a negative infectious and rheumatological workup should raise suspicions for HLH. While treatment ideally consists of immunosuppressive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplant, the potential toxicity to both the pregnant woman and the fetus poses a challenging decision. We report the first case of idiopathic HLH presenting as fever of unknown origin in a pregnant woman successfully treated with steroids.
Valuation of the training received in university regarding the utility for work by Catalan graduates
Authors: Fachelli S. , Montolio D.
Published: September 2015

This article examines the factors that influence graduate valuations of the education/training they received at university in terms of its utility or applicability in the workplace. Drawing on the 2014 survey conducted by the Agency for the Quality of the Catalan University System, among students that graduated in 2010, we test three hypotheses. The first states that graduate valuation of the training received at university in terms of its utility for the workplace is higher among those who are currently employed in high quality jobs; the second that this valuation is higher among graduates employed in higher occupational categories; and, the third, that higher valuations are given by individuals with better academic records. The methodology used to test the three hypotheses is based on both descriptive and econometric techniques that allow us to control for specific individual characteristics and specific characteristics of the degree subjects studied. Preliminary empirical results allow us to verify two of the three hypotheses. The main contribution of this paper is to provide some initial insights into a relationship not frequently examined in the literature and to offer some empirical evidence that counters the typical “matching” standpoint taken on the relationship between education/training and level of employment.
Model studies of volatile diesel exhaust particle formation: are organic vapours involved in nucleation and growth?
Authors: Pirjola L. , Karl M. , Rönkkö T. , Arnold F.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. A high concentration of volatile nucleation mode particles (NUP) formed in the atmosphere when the exhaust cools and dilutes has hazardous health effects and it impairs the visibility in urban areas. Nucleation mechanisms in diesel exhaust are only poorly understood. We performed model studies using two sectional aerosol dynamics process models AEROFOR and MAFOR on the formation of particles in the exhaust of a diesel engine, equipped with an oxidative after-treatment system and running with low fuel sulfur content (FSC) fuel, under laboratory sampling conditions where the dilution system mimics real-world conditions. Different nucleation mechanisms were tested. Based on the measured gaseous sulfuric acid (GSA) and non-volatile core and soot particle number concentrations of the raw exhaust, the model simulations showed that the best agreement between model predictions and measurements in terms of particle number size distribution was obtained by barrier-free heteromolecular homogeneous nucleation between the GSA and a semi-volatile organic vapour combined with the homogeneous nucleation of GSA alone. Major growth of the particles was predicted to occur due to the similar organic vapour at concentrations of (1−2) × 1012 cm−3. The pre-existing core and soot mode concentrations had an opposite trend on the NUP formation, and the maximum NUP formation was predicted if a diesel particle filter (DPF) was used. On the other hand, the model predicted that the NUP formation ceased if the GSA concentration in the raw exhaust was less than 1010 cm−3, which was the case when biofuel was used.
Comprehensive laboratory and field testing of cavity ring-down spectroscopy analyzers measuring H2O, CO2, CH4 and CO
Authors: Yver Kwok C. , Laurent O. , Guemri A. , Philippon C. , Wastine B. , Rella C. W. , Vuillemin C. , Truong F. , Delmotte M. , Kazan V. , Darding M. , Lebègue B. , Kaiser C. , Xueref-Rémy I. , Ramonet M.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. To develop an accurate measurement network of greenhouse gases, instruments in the field need to be stable and precise and thus require infrequent calibrations and a low consumption of consumables. For about 10 years, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) analyzers have been available that meet these stringent requirements for precision and stability. Here, we present the results of tests of CRDS instruments in the laboratory (47 instruments) and in the field (15 instruments). The precision and stability of the measurements are studied. We demonstrate that, thanks to rigorous testing, newer models generally perform better than older models, especially in terms of reproducibility between instruments. In the field, we see the importance of individual diagnostics during the installation phase, and we show the value of calibration and target gases that assess the quality of the data. Finally, we formulate recommendations for use of these analyzers in the field.
Review: visual analytics of climate networks
Authors: Nocke T. , Buschmann S. , Donges J. F. , Marwan N. , Schulz H.-J. , Tominski C.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Network analysis has become an important approach in studying complex spatiotemporal behaviour within geophysical observation and simulation data. This new field produces increasing numbers of large geo-referenced networks to be analysed. Particular focus lies currently on the network analysis of the complex statistical interrelationship structure within climatological fields. The standard procedure for such network analyses is the extraction of network measures in combination with static standard visualisation methods. Existing interactive visualisation methods and tools for geo-referenced network exploration are often either not known to the analyst or their potential is not fully exploited. To fill this gap, we illustrate how interactive visual analytics methods in combination with geovisualisation can be tailored for visual climate network investigation. Therefore, the paper provides a problem analysis relating the multiple visualisation challenges to a survey undertaken with network analysts from the research fields of climate and complex systems science. Then, as an overview for the interested practitioner, we review the state-of-the-art in climate network visualisation and provide an overview of existing tools. As a further contribution, we introduce the visual network analytics tools CGV and GTX, providing tailored solutions for climate network analysis, including alternative geographic projections, edge bundling, and 3-D network support. Using these tools, the paper illustrates the application potentials of visual analytics for climate networks based on several use cases including examples from global, regional, and multi-layered climate networks.
Understanding Urban Teachers’ Perceptions for Professional Development in Classroom Management
Authors: Mathur Sarup R. , Marley Scott C.
Published: September 2015

114 school teachers from two urban schools participated in an online survey focusing on classroom management skills. Results were analyzed using a mixed method approach. Teachers reported confidence in general classroom management skills. Hierarchical regression results indicated significant gender difference in favor of female teachers and positive correlations between perceived value of professional development (PD) and teacher confidence in general classroom management, addressing specific challenging behaviors, and motivating learners. Furthermore, the teachers favored face-to-face methods as compared to web-based options. Implications for developing an understanding of teacher manageability to provide PD experiences to improve day-to-day classroom management practice are discussed.
What We have Learned about Minimized Extracorporeal Circulation versus Conventional Extracorporeal Circulation: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Yanhua , Gong Bing , Yuan Xin , Zheng Zhe , Wang Guyan , Chen Guo , Zhou Chenghui , Wang Wei , Ji Bingyang
Published: September 2015

Introduction

The benefits of minimized extracorporeal circulation (MECC) compared with conventional extracorporeal circulation (CECC) are still in debate.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched until November 10, 2014. After quality assessment, we chose a fixed-effects model when the trials showed low heterogeneity, otherwise a random-effects model was used. We performed univariate meta-regression and sensitivity analysis to search for the potential sources of heterogeneity. Cumulative meta-analysis was performed to access the evolution of outcome over time.

Results

41 RCTs enrolling 3744 patients were included after independent article review by 2 authors. MECC significantly reduced atrial fibrillation (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.89; P<0.001; I2 = 0%), and myocardial infarction (RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.71; P = 0.001; I2 = 0%). In addition, the results regarding chest tube drainage, transfusion rate, blood loss, red blood cell transfusion volume, and platelet count favored MECC as well.

Conclusions

MECC diminished morbidity of cardiovascular complications postoperatively, conserved blood cells, and reduced allogeneic blood transfusion.
CytoSorb, a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Patients with Septic Shock: A Case Report
Authors: Hinz Burkhard , Jauch Oliver , Noky Toralf , Friesecke Sigrun , Abel Peter , Kaiser Rolf
Published: September 2015

Introduction

Hemoadsorption using CytoSorb has gained attention as a potential immunotherapy to control systemic inflammation and sepsis. We report on a patient with septic shock, successfully treated with CytoSorb therapy.

Methods

A 72-year-old male with periodically recurring infectious episodes was admitted with the suspicion of urosepsis. In the following hours his hemodynamic situation deteriorated markedly, exhibiting respiratory-metabolic acidosis, elevated inflammatory marker plasma levels, a severely disturbed coagulation, increased retention parameters, liver dysfunction, and confirmation of bacteria and leucocytes in urine. After admission to the ICU in a state of septic shock the patient received renal support with additional hemoadsorption using CytoSorb. Three CytoSorb sessions were run during the following days.

Results

The first and consecutive second session resulted in a reduction of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and bilirubin and a markedly reduced need for vasopressors while hemodynamics improved significantly (i.e., cardiac index, extravascular lung water). Due to a recurring inflammatory “second hit” episode, another session with CytoSorb was run, resulting in a marked decrease in leukocytosis and liver (dys)function parameters.

Conclusions

The rapid hemodynamic stabilization with reduction of vasopressor needs within hours and reduction of the capillary leakage as well as a quick reduction in infection markers were the main conclusions drawn from the use of CytoSorb in this patient. Additionally, treatment appeared to be safe and was well tolerated. Despite the promising results of CytoSorb application in this patient, further studies are necessary to elucidate to what extent these favorable consequences are attributable to the adsorber itself.
A Traditional Community in the Chao Phraya River Basin: Classification and Characteristics of a Waterfront Community Complex
Authors: Yodsurang Patiphol , Hiromi Miki , Yasufumi Uekita
Published: September 2015

Traditional waterfront communities are extremely significant in understanding the role and influence of the daily lives of an indigenous amphibious culture and are considered to be a counterpart of the contemporary community that would have existed in the past. This study gives a systematic overview of the traditional waterfront community complex in the Chao Phraya River Basin to identify the phenomenology and salient features characterizing the waterfront community through the analysis of the following: 1) features of geography and waterbodies; 2) cultural landscapes and agricultural activities; 3) urban components; and 4) architectural features. A total of 138 traditional waterfront communities were selected using the purposive sampling method.

Quantitative data collection was conducted using field investigation to collect and evaluate the validity of properties in actual conditions. The data were analyzed using a statistical analysis program to examine the similarity and correlation of the data set. To identify characteristics, hierarchical clustering and decision-tree analysis were used to group similar communities together and classify the complexity of a traditional waterfront community. Principal component analysis was then used to detect the true association between the relevant variables. In addition, qualitative assessment of secondary document collection, legislation, previous and present public policies, research, and criticisms were used to support the argument for statistical analysis.

The results provided seven clusters based on common preferences consisting of a market town, paddy village, raft community, waterfront market, comprehensive estuarine agricultural village, orchard village, and fishing village. These clusters show diversity in the cultural landscape, with agricultural activities exerting influence on the community complex, creating both direct and indirect association, with several significant variables.
Youthful Adversaries
Authors: Machielsen Jan
Published: September 2015

This chapter throws light on Martin Delrio’s ambitions as a young humanist by comparing his first edition of Senecan tragedy (1576), allegedly composed before his twentieth birthday, with his later Syntagma tragoediae latinae. The comparison highlights aspirations, some unrealized, others inappropriate, and reveals opinions that Delrio, as a Jesuit, later chose to suppress. Young Martin’s less than successful attempt at forging a reputation gives us a glimpse of a humanist youth culture riven by petty rivalries and one-upmanship.
A Tale of Two Senecas
Authors: Machielsen Jan
Published: September 2015

The authorship of the Senecan tragedies was hotly debated until the end of the sixteenth century. Martial’s testimony regarding the existence of two Senecas confused the early Italian humanists and led to the creation of a fictitious Seneca tragicus. Martin Delrio proved instrumental in solving this problem in the late sixteenth century. This chapter shows how his achievement should be understood as part of a dialogue with his friend Justus Lipsius. Delrio built on the scholarship of his friend but also refuted some of his conclusions. The chapter suggests that Delrio showed himself to be Lipsius’s guide, but that the humanist never accepted his friend’s logic.
Historical Drama
Authors: Machielsen Jan
Published: September 2015

This chapter moves beyond Martin Delrio’s emendations to study his wide-ranging commentary on other aspects of classical culture. Senecan tragedy, and in particular the Medea and the Oedipus, offered the Jesuit the opportunity to discuss witchcraft and practices of divination in great detail. This chapter argues that Delrio took these tragedies to have a historical core; without some basis in history the plays would lose their moral significance. It also suggests that Delrio’s comments should be read as not only explicating individual lines, but as constructing a reading of the plays in which praise and blame were apportioned. As a result, the tragedies did not carry the same moral meaning for Delrio that they have for us today.
Vehement Vituperation
Authors: Machielsen Jan
Published: September 2015

This chapter, the book’s longest, explores a dispute between Martin Delrio and the famous Huguenot scholar Joseph Scaliger (1540–1609) that began with the Disquisitiones and lasted until their deaths. Delrio’s denunciation of Scaliger, smuggled into the concluding pages of the Disquisitiones, proved an opening salvo for a wider confessional polemic. The chapter argues that Delrio collaborated with another Jesuit, Nicolas Serarius, to defend the antiquity of Christian monasticism. The two Jesuits defended separately two of the foundations—the testimony of Philo and (pseudo-)Dionysius the Areopagite—that Scaliger had attempted to refute in one fell swoop. This conflict must be studied jointly within its social and intellectual contexts, although it would shift into a decidedly lower register as time went on. What began as an attempt to defend the Catholic Church historian Cesare Baronio descended into vitriol and name-calling.
Epilogue
Authors: Machielsen Jan
Published: September 2015

The epilogue studies the life and writings of Martin Delrio’s student and first biographer, Heribert Rosweyde. This Utrecht-born Jesuit is better known as standing at the beginning of the Acta sanctorum, a large-scale collaborative project which, over three centuries, published the lives of some 6,200 saints. Delrio’s influence on Rosweyde, it is argued, has been purposefully forgotten. The chapter shows how Rosweyde’s scholarship, with its textual literalism and clear polemical intent, evinces many of the same features of Delrio’s work. It also shows how Rosweyde’s self-styled successor Jean Bolland offered a different model of scholarship. This chapter argues that, in spite of contemporary protestations about its semper eadem nature, there was an intellectual geography to early modern Catholicism. Delrio and Rosweyde were representatives of an attitude that emerged in Catholicism’s fragile borderlands at a particular time and place, which set them apart from their Italian contemporaries and their later successors.
Introduction Islam, Trade and Politics Across the Indian Ocean
Authors: Peacock A. C. S. , Teh Gallop Annabel
Published: September 2015

This chapter discusses the emergence and development of the relationship between Southeast Asia and the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, concentrating on the three principal themes that defined this relationship: Islam, trade relations and politics. While particular attention is given to the Ottoman relationship with Aceh, their involvement with other Muslim polities on the Malay peninsula and archipelagic Southeast Asia is also considered. An overview is given of the state of the art of historiography in the field, as well as its broader relevance to the study of the Indian Ocean world and to the history of colonialism. The chapter also reflects on the Southeast Asian idealisation of Rum, as the Ottoman lands were known.
The Economic Relationship between the Ottoman Empire and Southeast Asia in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Peacock A. C. S.
Published: September 2015

Southeast Asia was linked to the Ottoman Empire by economic ties, in particular the spice trade, but the nature of this relationship is poorly understood, especially for the seventeenth century. Its study is hampered by the lack of archival evidence, and this chapter draws on a variety of sources, both literary and archival, to investigate Southeast Asian exports to the Ottoman lands. It argues, in contrast to much existing scholarship, that direct commercial links remained important throughout the period, and that European traders such as the Dutch East India Company (VOC) remained largely excluded from this trade till the end of the seventeenth century. Ottoman exports to Southeast Asia, predominantly textiles and horses, are also examined. The chapter also considers the role of Ottoman subjects who sought to make their fortunes in Southeast Asia.
The Ottomans and Southeast Asia Prior to the Hamidian Era
Authors: Kadi İsmaİl Hakki
Published: September 2015

In the light of new evidence on interactions between the Ottoman Empire and Southeast Asia, this chapter contests certain notions such as the excessive emphasis put on Abdülhamid II as the initiator of Ottoman involvement in the wider Islamic world; the idea that this involvement was designed by the Ottoman administration, who wanted to take advantage of the Caliphate for its political ends; and the presumption that the Hadhramis in the European colonies in Southeast Asia were agents of Ottoman ‘pan-Islamist’ policies in the region. Conversely, it is argued that the nineteenth-century Ottoman interest in Southeast Asia pre-dates the Hamidian era. It is also argued that the Ottoman involvement in the region was a result of various initiatives from the region. Finally, it seeks to re-evaluate the position of the Hadhrami sayyids in these interactions and argues that they were the agents of Southeast Asian voices in Istanbul.
Introduction
Authors: Connolly Margaret , Radulescu Raluca
Published: September 2015

The Introduction outlines the scope and approach of the following sixteen contributions and summarises the main lines of investigation to which the manuscript miscellany has been subjected. Attention is paid to matters such as definitions, methodologies, and accessibility, and also to an assessment of the cultural significance of this type of multi-text manuscript, in its own time and for modern scholarship.
Mudanças climáticas e os desafios do setor dos recursos hídricos em Cabo Verde
Authors: Ramos Kátia Regina D'Assunção
Published: September 2015

Segundo última publicação do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC, 2013), há 95% de certeza que a principal causa das atuais alterações do clima advém dos moldes de desenvolvimento económico adotados a partir da Revolução Industrial. Recursos Naturais que dependem da homeostase dos ciclos biogeoquímicos serão impactados e poderão colocar em causa os avanços socioeconómicos dos Países desenvolvidos e dos em desenvolvimento. O arquipélago de Cabo Verde localizado na costa da África Ocidental, inserido na área biogeografica da Macaronésia, depende exclusivamente do regime pluviométrico para recarregar suas reservas de água tanto superficial quanto subterrânea. Diante de tal crise ambiental, faz-se necessário adotar estratégias incisa, pró ativa e deliberada para ultrapassar os desafios atuais e futuros do setor dos recursos hídricos no País. Neste âmbito, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os impactos potenciais das mudanças climáticas e da variabilidade climática e os principais desafios para o setor dos recursos hídricos em Cabo Verde.
Utilização de fibra de coco seco e madeiras de paletes na estabilização de voçorocas
Authors: Magalhães Mário Jorge Maia de
Published: September 2015

Este trabalho teve por objetivo a verificação da possibilidade de uso de materiais de baixo custo, como a fibra do coco seco e madeiras de paletes, na reabilitação e estabilidade de um talude erodido. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um talude de corte de uma jazida de saibro, da Formação Barreiras, em uma fazenda no município de São Cristóvão – SE. O talude possui 1.300m² e dois níveis de declividade: um com 26% (α=14º 30’) e outro com 100% (α= 45º). Na parte de menor declividade foram construídas 6 (seis) valas de drenagem com espaçamento de 6m entre si e declividade de 1,7% para a condução das águas pluviais no sentido, transversal ao declive. Na parte de maior declividade foi realizada uma remodelagem topográfica retirando as arestas das voçorocas e aterrando os talvegues com o material removido, dando um aspecto mais suave à encosta, quanto ao relevo. Corrigiu-se o solo com calcário dolomítico na razão de 1.300Kg/ha e fez-se uma adubação de cobertura com adubo granulado NPK 10-10-10 na dosagem de 435kg/ha. Foram instaladas nos talvegues das depressões do talude, 12 (doze) paliçadas de madeira (0,2m x 1,0m), oriundas do aproveitamento de paletes, e uma paliçada maior (1,60m x 0,50m), para auxiliar no controle do escoamento superficial e na estabilidade do talude da voçoroca maior. Procedeu-se em seguida a semeadura com sementes de capim braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens) (40Kg) e sementes da leguminosa Estilosantes (Stylosantes capitata e Stylosantes macrocephala) (1Kg) e a cobertura do solo (mulching) com fibra de coco seco por toda a superfície, em uma camada de 2,0cm de espessura. Após três meses da semeadura observou-se que as paliçadas contiveram o fluxo de água excedente, auxiliando na diminuição do carreamento de sedimentos. Observou-se que a fibra de coco proporcionou condições para o estabelecimento não somente das espécies plantadas, mas, inclusive para o desenvolvimento de outras espécies herbáceas e arbóreas. A fibra de coco, também, auxiliou na diminuição aparente do escoamento superficial diminuindo os riscos de erosão do talude. Após 12 meses pôde-se concluir que a fibra de coco pode ser utilizada com sucesso na recuperação de taludes degradados bem como a utilização de madeiras de paletes para a confecção de retentores de sedimentos mostra-se viável para este tipo de trabalho.
La muséologie au sein des sciences de l’information : utopie ou valeur ajoutée?
Authors: Ménard Elaine , Beaudoin Joan E.
Published: September 2015

Cet article présente les points communs qui existent entre les métiers liés aux sciences de l’information (SI) et au patrimoine culturel. La place qu’occupe le contenu muséologique de même que l’intérêt de son intégration au sein des programmes en SI sont décrits. Nous tentons de démontrer que l’inclusion de la formation muséologique en SI poursuit un double objectif. D’une part, cet ajout assure aux diplômés une plus grande polyvalence à leur arrivée sur le marché du travail et, d’autre part, cet enrichissement permet de cibler une nouvelle clientèle dans des programmes traditionnellement axés sur les bibliothèques et les archives.
L’agrément des programmes de maîtrise en bibliothéconomie et sciences de l’information : une marque d’excellence
Authors: Arsenault Clément
Published: September 2015

Cet article présente le processus d’agrément des programmes de maîtrise en bibliothéconomie et sciences de l’information (BSI). On y explique en quoi consiste un agrément (le processus et le statut), en l’occurrence celui que délivre l’American Library Association (ALA), quelle est son importance pour les employeurs, les étudiants et les formateurs du domaine, et quelles sont les conditions d’obtention de cette marque d’excellence.
Outils et méthodes d’évaluation continue de la formation
Authors: Dufour Christine
Published: September 2015

Les institutions universitaires doivent implanter des mécanismes de suivi en continu de leurs programmes pour s’assurer de leur pertinence et pour répondre à différents besoins d’évaluation. Parmi les outils et les méthodes pouvant leur venir en aide se trouvent les tableaux de bord, pour centraliser et exploiter des indicateurs pertinents à ce suivi, la cartographie de programme, afin d’analyser la cohérence de ceux-ci, ainsi que les plans de cours, comme matière première à ce suivi. Après avoir présenté ces trois éléments, la méthodologie de l’École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l’information (EBSI) de l’Université de Montréal est présentée pour en illustrer l’application.
Minds without Meanings
Authors: Fodor Jerry A. , Pylyshyn Zenon W.
Published: September 2015

Two prominent thinkers argue for the possibility of a theory of concepts that takes reference to be concepts' sole semantic property.

In cognitive science, conceptual content is frequently understood as the “meaning” of a mental representation. This position raises largely empirical questions about what concepts are, what form they take in mental processes, and how they connect to the world they are about. In Minds without Meaning, Jerry Fodor and Zenon Pylyshyn review some of the proposals put forward to answer these questions and find that none of them is remotely defensible.

Fodor and Pylyshyn determine that all of these proposals share a commitment to a two-factor theory of conceptual content, which holds that the content of a concept consists of its sense together with its reference. Fodor and Pylyshyn argue instead that there is no conclusive case against the possibility of a theory of concepts that takes reference as their sole semantic property. Such a theory, if correct, would provide for the naturalistic account of content that cognitive science lacks—and badly needs. Fodor and Pylyshyn offer a sketch of how this theory might be developed into an account of perceptual reference that is broadly compatible with empirical findings and with the view that the mental processes effecting perceptual reference are largely preconceptual, modular, and encapsulated.
Econometrics in a Formal Science of Economics
Authors: Stigum Bernt P.
Published: September 2015

An examination of the role of theory in applied econometrics.

Econometrics is a study of good and bad ways to measure economic relations. In this book, Bernt Stigum considers the role that economic theory ought to play in such measurements and proposes a formal science of economics that provides the means to solve the measurement problems faced by econometric researchers. After describing the salient parts of a formal science of economics, Stigum compares its methods with the methods of contemporary applied econometrics. His goal is to develop a basis for meaningful discussion of the best way to incorporate economic theory in empirical analysis.

Stigum conceives two scenarios for research in applied econometrics: contemporary econometrics in the tradition of Trygve Haavelmo and the formal theory-data confrontation envisioned by Ragnar Frisch. Stigum presents case studies of economic phenomena, contrasting the empirical analysis prescribed by contemporary applied econometrics with the empirical analysis prescribed by a formal theory-data confrontation. He finds significant and provocative differences. Which are we to believe when the statistical analyses of these two methodologies yield very different descriptions of the behavior characteristics of data variables and inferences about social reality?

Stigum points to three aspects of contemporary econometric methodology that may benefit from serious discussions: the analysis of positively valued time series, a suspect characteristic of qualitative response models, and the search for linearly cointegrated time series. These three aspects are of as much concern to formal econometrics as they are to contemporary econometrics.
Brain Computation as Hierarchical Abstraction
Authors: Ballard Dana H.
Published: September 2015

An argument that the complexities of brain function can be understood hierarchically, in terms of different levels of abstraction, as silicon computing is.

The vast differences between the brain's neural circuitry and a computer's silicon circuitry might suggest that they have nothing in common. In fact, as Dana Ballard argues in this book, computational tools are essential for understanding brain function. Ballard shows that the hierarchical organization of the brain has many parallels with the hierarchical organization of computing; as in silicon computing, the complexities of brain computation can be dramatically simplified when its computation is factored into different levels of abstraction.

Drawing on several decades of progress in computational neuroscience, together with recent results in Bayesian and reinforcement learning methodologies, Ballard factors the brain's principal computational issues in terms of their natural place in an overall hierarchy. Each of these factors leads to a fresh perspective. A neural level focuses on the basic forebrain functions and shows how processing demands dictate the extensive use of timing-based circuitry and an overall organization of tabular memories. An embodiment level organization works in reverse, making extensive use of multiplexing and on-demand processing to achieve fast parallel computation. An awareness level focuses on the brain's representations of emotion, attention and consciousness, showing that they can operate with great economy in the context of the neural and embodiment substrates.
Liberalism in Practice
Authors: Newman Olivia
Published: September 2015

An argument that draws on empirical findings in psychology to offer a blueprint for cultivating a widespread commitment to public reason.

At the core of liberal theory is the idea—found in thinkers from Hobbes to Rawls—that the consent of the governed is key to establishing political legitimacy. But in a diverse liberal polity like the United States, disagreement runs deep, and a segment of the population will simply regard the regime as illegitimate. In Liberalism in Practice, Olivia Newman argues that if citizens were to approach politics in the spirit of public reason, couching arguments in terms that others can reasonably accept, institutional and political legitimacy would be enhanced.

Liberal theory has relied on the assumption of a unified self, that individuals are unified around a single set of goals, beliefs, attitudes, and aptitudes. Drawing on empirical findings in psychology, Newman argues instead that we are complex creatures whose dispositions and traits develop differently in different domains; we hold different moral commitments in different parts of our lives. She argues further that this domain differentiation allows us to be good liberal citizens in the public domain while remaining true to private commitments and beliefs in other domains. Newman proposes that educational and institutional arrangements can use this capacity for differentiation to teach public reason without overwhelming conflicting commitments. The psychology and pedagogy of public reason proposed by Newman move beyond John Rawls's strictly political liberalism toward what Newman terms practical liberalism. Although we cannot resolve every philosophical problem bedeviling theories of liberalism, we can enjoy the myriad benefits of liberalism in practice.
Learning Public Reason
Authors: Newman Olivia
Published: September 2015

This chapter suggests that students are most likely to acquire a dispositional commitment to public reason when they have opportunities to think about, talk about, and collectively tackle controversial collective problems, in the context of at least some ideological diversity. This chapter considers a number of educational practices that might offer such opportunities, ranging from open classroom discussion of current affairs to efforts to involve students in municipal governance. The pedagogy of public reason is flexible and open to innovation in the field; there are many ways to satisfy its imperatives, which suggests that the pedagogy of public reason is scalable. These claims are substantiated through a survey of literature on civic education and its efficacy, paying special attention to how a dispositional commitment to public reason might carry from school to polity without steamrolling other and possibly contending commitments in other domains.
Chapter 3. The Toolbox: Linguistic Tools for Analyzing the History of Russian
Authors: Nesset Tore
Published: September 2015

In chapter 1 you learned that Russian belongs to the Slavic language family, which evolved from a reconstructed ancestor language called “Proto-Slavic”. You may ask how we reconstruct ancestor languages and describe language change. This chapter addresses these questions and provides you with some linguistic tools you need in order to analyze the history of Russian.

 

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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">3.4 Family Tree Model
Chapter 4. Morphology: Nouns
Authors: Nesset Tore
Published: September 2015

Learning Contemporary Standard Russian, you have struggled with all the exceptions from the rules. Where do the exceptional inflections of words such as время ‘time’, телёнок ‘calf’ and дочь ‘daughter’ come from? Why is путь the only masculine noun in declension III? Why do some masculines such as рог ‘antler’ and глаз ‘eye’ have ‑a, and not ‑ы in the nominative plural? And where do exceptional plural forms such as небеса and чудеса from небо ‘heaven’ and чудо ‘wonder’ come from? This chapter offers answers to these and many other questions. We start from what you are already familiar with, namely nouns in Contemporary Standard Russian (section 4.1), and then turn to changes concerning declension classes (4.2 and 4.3), number and case (4.4), hard and soft stems (4.5), gender (4.6), and animacy (4.7). You find a brief summary in section 4.8.

 

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4.3 Declensions - from six to three
Chapter 9. Syntax
Authors: Nesset Tore
Published: September 2015

In this chapter you will learn about the structure of sentences in Old Rusian. We will focus on case usage (sections 9.1–9.6), important syntactic constructions (sections 9.7–9.9), as well as agreement, clitics and complex sentences (sections 9.10–9.12). As you read along, you will gain a better understanding of Modern Russian too. You will see that modern adverbs such as домой ‘homewards’, сегодня ‘today’ and вчера ‘yesterday’ are relicts of Old Rusian syntactic constructions. Among the curious facts explained in this chapter is also why ‑ся is always attached to the end of the verb in Modern Russian.

 

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9.9 Dative absolute
Chapter 15. Epilogue: Reflections on a Triangle
Authors: Nesset Tore
Published: September 2015

Welcome to the other side! Thanks for travelling in time with me. Whether you read the whole book from beginning to end or just read selected chapters or sections, I hope you know more about the history of the Russian language than you did before you started reading. I will not review the contents of the book here, since each chapter contains a detailed summary. Instead, I offer some reflections on the three kinds of information you find in this book, and the relationship between them. Thinking about these issues will help you to go further in your study of the history of Russian – and historical linguistics in general.

 

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15 Looking back
Appendix 1: Morphological Tables
Authors: Nesset Tore
Published: September 2015

This appendix contains morphological tables from chapters 4–8 as a reference tool. If you need to identify a form in an Old Rusian text, it may be quicker and more efficient to look for it in this appendix than to locate the relevant paradigm in chapters 4–8.

 

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Click on the links below to learn more!

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Morphological tables for Old Rusian
Chapter 4. Evolutionary forces at work in fish populations
Authors: Santos Jorge
Published: September 2015

This chapter of CONΣERV IT deals with the following questions in aquatic conservation:

- How do escapees from aquaculture affect genetically salmon populations in rivers?
- What are the time-scales of change in the gene pool of fish?
- Can we eradicate undesirable traits from fish stocks?
- Are small populations more or less affected by immigration?
- What genetic diversity can we expect from large stocks in the sea?
- How much, and how to avoid inbreeding in broodstocks used in fish farming?

 

Population genetics migration selection deterministic
Population genetics drift stochastic macro
Chapter 6. Population Sub-Structure and Management
Authors: Santos Jorge
Published: September 2015

This chapter of CONΣERV IT deals with the following questions in aquatic conservation:

- Does it matter how fish populations are divided spatially?
- How do we deal with different spatial linkages, configurations and populations sizes in fisheries management?
- How much biomass or money do we lose by not fishing or by over-fishing small and large mixed populations?

 

ConservArea I Mainland_Island whelk macro

ConservArea II Metapopulation sardine macro

ConservArea III Stepping-stone salmon macro
Chapter 12 – In conclusion: how to manage fisheries?
Authors: Santos Jorge
Published: September 2015

QUESTIONS ASKED

What is the real state of fisheries around the world?

What experiences have we on the assessment and management of different fish populations?

When should we invest, or refrain from investing or intervening, in the fishing industry?
References
Authors: Santos Jorge
Published: September 2015

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AVANÇOS NOS PROCESSOS DE ENSINAR E APRENDER NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA PROMOVIDOS PELO PIBID
Authors: Rausch Rita Buzzi , Frantz Matheus Jürgen
Published: September 2015

Considerando a abrangência que o PIBID vem adquirindo no Brasil, buscamos nesta pesquisa analisar os avanços nos processos de ensinar e aprender promovidos pelo programa na Educação Básica, sob os dizeres dos professores supervisores bolsistas do PIBID-FURB. Realizamos entrevista semiestruturada com sete supervisores. Os supervisores evidenciaram como avanços a qualificação das formações inicial e continuada principalmente pelo estabelecimento de redes de conhecimento e trocas de experiências entre profissionais de diferentes áreas do conhecimento na Educação Básica e Universidade. Por meio do PIBID, universidade e Educação Básica vêm avançando na formação de cidadãos autônomos e críticos, participantes ativos da sociedade.
Enhanced Intracellular Protein Transduction by Sequence Defined Tetra‐Oleoyl Oligoaminoamides Targeted for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Peng , He Dongsheng , Klein Philipp Michael , Liu Xiaowen , Röder Ruth , Döblinger Markus , Wagner Ernst
Published: September 2015

Intracellular protein delivery presents a novel promising prospect for cell biology research and cancer therapy. However, inefficient cellular uptake and lysosomal sequestration hinder productive protein delivery into the cytosol. Here, a library of 16 preselected sequence‐defined oligoaminoamide oligomers is evaluated for intracellular protein delivery. All oligomers, containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) for shielding and optionally folic acid as targeting ligand, manifest cellular internalization of disulfide‐conjugated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). However, only a PEGylated folate‐receptor targeted two‐arm oligomer (729) containing both arms terminally modified with two oleic acids shows persistent intracellular protein survival and nuclear import of nlsEGFP (which contains a nuclear localization sequence) in folate‐receptor‐positive KB carcinoma cells, validating both effective endolysosomal escape and following subcellular transport. Furthermore, using ribonuclease A as a therapeutic cargo protein, among the tested oligomers, the oleic acid modified targeted two‐arm oligomers exert the most significant tumor cell killing of KB tumor cells. An investigation of structure–activity relationship elucidates that the incorporated oleic acids play a vital role in the enhanced intracellular protein delivery, by promoting stable formation of 25–35 nm lipo‐oligomer protein nanoparticles and by membrane‐active characteristics facilitating intracellular cytosolic delivery.
Effect of Ammonium Polyphosphate on Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability, and Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester/Phenolic/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Hassan Azman , Hau Lee Yong , Hasan Mahbub
Published: September 2015

In present research, the effect of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) content on flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester resin/unsaturated phenolic resin/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were studied. Nanocomposites were prepared via in situ mold casting technique. Flame retardancy of the nanocomposite was investigated through the UL 94 vertical burning test and limiting oxygen index (LOI) analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted to measure thermal properties, whereas flexural and impact tests were carried out to determine mechanical properties of nanocomposites. Nanocomposites with 30 phr APP achieved the flammability rating of V‐1 and LOI of 29.2%. TGA results showed that nanocomposites with 30 phr APP had the highest thermal stability. Nanocomposite prepared with 3 phr MMT had the highest flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength. Thus the best balance between flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties was achieved with MMT and APP content of 3 and 30 phr, respectively.
Enhancing the Internal Quantum Efficiency and Stability of Organic Solar Cells via Metallic Nanofunnels
Authors: Baek Se‐Woong , Hun Kim Jong , Kang Juhoon , Lee Hyunsoo , Young Park Jeong , Lee Jung‐Yong
Published: September 2015

Metal nanoparticles are demonstrated to boost the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of organic solar cells (OSCs), even without a notable plasmonic optical gain. A hybrid layer platform in combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and a polyethylenimine‐ethoxylated (PEIE) layer maximize the IQE of the OSCs to nearly 100%, yielding a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.1% in the OSCs. 2D surface characterization confirmed that the AgNPs provide a short path and funneled charge carriers to the cathode, thus effectively increasing the carrier mobility. Moreover, the hybrid layer doubles the device's half‐efficiency lifetime due to the longer retention of the improved mobility.
Combinatorial Search for High‐Activity Hydrogen Catalysts Based on Transition‐Metal‐Embedded Graphitic Carbons
Authors: Choi Woon Ih , Wood Brandon C. , Schwegler Eric , Ogitsu Tadashi
Published: September 2015

Transition metal (TM) atoms in porphyrin‐like complexes play important roles in many protein and enzymetic systems, where crystal‐field effects are used to modify d‐orbital levels. Inspired by the tunable electronic structure of these motifs, a high‐throughput computational search for synthetic hydrogen catalysts is performed based on a similar motif of TM atoms embedded into the lattice of graphene. Based on an initial list of 300 possible embedding geometries, binders, and host atoms, descriptors for stability and catalytic activity are applied to extract ten promising candidates for hydrogen evolution, two of which are expected to exhibit high activity for hydrogen oxidation. In several instances, the active TM atoms are earth‐abundant elements that show no activity in the bulk phase, highlighting the importance of the coordination environment in tuning the d‐orbitals. In addition, it is found that the most active candidates involve a hitherto unreported surface reaction pathway that involves a Kubas‐complex intermediate, which significantly lowers the kinetic barrier associated with hydrogen dissociation and association