bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ПЕРСОНАЛУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: ВЛАСЕНКО Тетяна , ЗЕЛЕНЯК Василь , КАЙТАНСЬКИЙ Іван
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of research on the peculiarities of forming an enterprise's personnel management system in the conditions of digitalization. Digitization is bringing significant changes to all aspects of human resource management, including recruitment, training, motivation, performance appraisal, and career development. The introduction of new technologies and the automation of production processes require not only special knowledge but also constant updating of employees' skills. Personnel management must adapt to these changes, ensuring the necessary level of training and motivation of employees.
The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of forming an enterprise's personnel management system in the conditions of digitalization and modern challenges.
Personnel management has been proven to be a powerful tool for creating a competitive advantage in the market. It creates a systematically organized process of reproduction and effective use of human potential, making a person a promising and effective resource for the enterprise. The main elements of the enterprise personnel management system are highlighted (personnel policy, personnel planning and analysis, personnel recruitment and selection, corporate culture management, personnel training and development, etc.).
The importance of managers and employees of HR services using digital technologies in their practical work is emphasized. The necessity of implementing a competence approach at enterprises, which consists of developing and maintaining professional skills and knowledge of employees aimed at increasing production efficiency, is substantiated. This approach allows for continuous training and development of personnel so that they are ready for modern challenges, including the digital economy. As a result, the enterprise can achieve higher productivity, improve product quality, and ensure stable development.
It has been established that a dynamic corporate culture, one that is alive and meets the needs of modern business, is crucial. Such a culture contributes to the creation of a cohesive team working to achieve a common goal, a necessity in today's rapidly changing business environment.
Individual Program Plan differentials in segregated and integrated	work programs for adults with developmental disabilities
Authors: Michael Pendergast  , Keith Storey
Published: November 2024

Individual Program Plans written for adults with developmental disabilities in integrated and segregated work programs were evaluated on the basis of the degree to which they included components identified as indicators of best practice. Indicators of best practice were materials, tasks, basic skills, critical activities, interaction activities, teaching across settings and materials, and that skills were taught in the natural setting. The results showed a statistically significant difference in the overall quality of Individual Program Plan objectives from the two types of programs with the integrated programs scoring higher in all but one category (basic skills).
Removing transportation barriers for persons with spinal cord	injuries: An ongoing challenge to community reintegration
Authors: Paul Wehman  , Kristi Wilson  , Pam Targett  , Michael West  , John Bricout  , William McKinley
Published: November 2024

Affordable, reliable transportation options are critical to successful community reintegration for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Lack of access to these options can significantly impact one's capability to gain and maintain employment, access medical and other essential community-based supports and services, and participate in social and recreational activities. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), as well as a variety of other federal, state and local legislation has systematically addressed the spectrum of accessibility issues regarding both public and private sector transportation. For the most part however, individuals with SCI and other disabilities continue to report limited transportation options as a primary barrier to full reintegration back into their homes, schools and communities. With this in mind, regional disability advocacy organizations, social service agencies, and vocational and employment service professionals have taken a more active role in designing and implementing innovative programs and creative options to assist individuals with SCI in overcoming the transportation-related barriers that interfere with community mobility. This article provides (1) an overview of the ADA as it pertains to transportation, (2) options available to assist individuals with SCI to overcome barriers to community mobility, (3) strategies of facilitating regional systems change, and (4) a list of national advocacy organizations and transportation resources.
The dimensions of client satisfaction with rehabilitation	services
Authors: A. James Schwab, Jr.  , Diana M. DiNitto  , Willow Aureala  , JoEllen F. Simmons  , Terry W. Smith
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study statistically analyzed the responses of 11,959 clients to the Texas Rehabilitation Commission's 1996 Client Satisfaction telephone survey in order to assess the dimensions of client satisfaction and to identify predictors of client satisfaction. Results: Four components were found to underlie most of the survey questions: satisfaction with employment, satisfaction with services, responsiveness to the client, and client participation in the rehabilitation process. Additional analysis found that a combination of four variables was moderately successful in predicting satisfaction with services: satisfied with how long it took to provide services, responsiveness to the client, closure status, and understanding what services were available. Conclusions: In measuring client satisfaction, VR agencies should be mindful that satisfaction is a multidimensional concept. More importantly, VR staff should recognize that satisfaction with services rests more on the way clients are treated than any other variables, including whether or not their rehabilitation ends in employment.
Are individuals with severe physical impairments underserved in	supported employment?
Authors: Mast Melinda , West Michael
Published: November 2024

This paper uses two data sources, the National Supported Employment Policy Survey and the UCP National Employment Survey, to examine the extent to which individuals with severe physical impairments are served in supported employment. Although members of this group constitute a small fraction of supported employment participants nationwide, growth in raw numbers has been in evidence. Supported employment is increasingly being utilized within UCP affiliates, and these affiliates are emerging as a primary point of access for members of this population.
Current status of educational support provision to students with	disabilities in postsecondary education
Authors: Stodden Robert A. , Whelley Teresa , Chang Chuan , Harding Tom
Published: November 2024

As a result of current legislation and labor market trends, the number of students with disabilities has risen to 17% students attending postsecondary education programs [42]. It is well documented that students with disabilities often experience limited access to and success within postsecondary education programs, which subsequently limits their employment. Understanding the educational supports and accommodations needed by students with disabilities to progress and succeed in postsecondary programs appears to be of critical importance. To address this need, the National Center for the Study of Postsecondary Educational Supports (NCSPES) at the University of Hawaii at Manoa completed a national survey of educational support provision. The focus of this study was on the provision of targeted (types of supports & frequency of provision) educational supports for students with disabilities. Survey methods and statistical analyses were used to describe the range and nature of educational supports provided for students with disabilities. Specific areas of support provision were explored, including the role of assistive technology, special learning centers, and the transfer of supports from educational settings to employment. The findings provide a national foundation of information regarding the provision of educational supports for students with disabilities in a diverse range of postsecondary education settings.
Using performance-based contracts and incentive payments with	managed care: Increasing supported employment opportunities for people with	developmental disabilities
Authors: Block Stephen R. , Athens Kathy , Brandenburg Gayann
Published: November 2024

Managed care delivery systems seem to be one of the primary vehicles that policymakers have selected to control the accelerating costs of public programs, including services to persons with developmental disabilities. The article provides a case example of a Colorado managed care organization that developed a performance-based funding system to improve supported employment services for individuals with developmental disabilities. The presence of achieved outcomes and quality indicators led to additional funding of service agencies. Contractors were given incentives for reaching certain milestones, such as job placement and job stabilization. To strengthen the milestone system, a three-day intensive skill-building training program was developed for the staff of service agencies to become or enhance skills as supported employment consultants. Service agencies with trained staff could bill at a higher rate for their services. Over a period of 3 years, this payment system led to a 37% in the number of long-term job placements in the community.
Patterns and correlates of workplace disclosure among	professionals and managers with psychiatric conditions
Authors: Ellison Marsha Langer , Russinova Zlatka , MacDonald-Wilson Kim L. , Lyass Asya
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study identifies patterns and correlates of disclosure among professionals and managers with serious psychiatric conditions.

Design: A national mail survey of such respondents was conducted.

Results: A large proportion (87%) of study participants reported having disclosed their mental illness. About half of the disclosers reported unfavorable circumstances leading to disclosure while one third disclosed when they felt comfortable. Most frequently, respondents disclosed to supervisors; one third made their disability known when applying for the job. About half of the respondents had no regrets about disclosing. Multivariate analysis showed that correlates with the occurrence, timing, and choice of disclosure converge around constructs related to job confidence, empowerment, and recovery. We also describe those who chose not to disclose.

Conclusion: Higher rates than previously reported and better experiences with disclosure were evident and may be related to this population's greater recovery as well as to occupational factors.
Using a Personal Assistant in the workplace
Authors: Turner Ed
Published: November 2024

This paper explains the importance of a Personal Assistant (PA) in the workplace. It describes some of the ways Personal Assistance Services (PAS) can be used by employees with significant disabilities to maximize his/her efficiency. The chapter highlights the subtle difference between using PAS in the home setting and in a competitive work environment. Lastly, it offers tips on recruiting, hiring, and managing a PA for workplace duties.
Self-directed career preference selection for individuals with	intellectual disabilities: Using computer technology to enhance	self-determination
Authors: Stock Steven E. , Davies Daniel K. , Secor Rhonda R. , Wehmeyer Michael L.
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To conduct a preliminary study investigating the application of a self-directed video and audio software program to assist individuals with intellectual disabilities to express their vocational job preferences. A working software prototype, called WorkSight, was developed and field tested.

Study design: The effectiveness of the WorkSight approach was assessed by comparing it to currently used career assessment tools via ratings by educators and agency professionals. WorkSight was also tested in terms of its efficacy to match the job preferences that were predicted by the same educators and agency professionals. A total of 25 adults with intellectual disabilities participated in this study.

Results: Adults with intellectual disabilities were able to use the computer-based job preference assessment to determine career and job priorities.

Conclusions: The use of technology providing multimedia-based work information has promise to enable persons with intellectual disabilities to express preferences and to improve job placement and matching activities.
The impact of the current employment policy environment on the	self-determination of individuals with disabilities
Authors: O'Brien Daniel E. , Revell Grant , West Michael
Published: November 2024

This paper describes two new policy initiatives currently underway – the Benefits Planning, Assistance, and Outreach (BPAO) Projects and the use of Report Cards for community rehabilitation providers – and their potential effect on influencing choice and self-determination for populations of individuals with disabilities. We provide quality indicators that suggest promising practices for enhancing consumer self-determination in utilizing Benefits Planning programs and selecting a community rehabilitation service program. Finally, we review examples of how some components of current employment policy initiatives can actually limit consumer choice and self-determination. We conclude by emphasizing the importance in today's employment policy environment for individuals with disabilities to use quality indicators, such as those presented in this paper, in making fully informed choices about work and service providers.
Treatment fidelity in rehabilitation research
Authors: Hennessey Mary Louise , Rumrill, Jr Phillip D.
Published: November 2024

This article describes treatment fidelity and its key role in the design, implementation, and evaluation of applied rehabilitation interventions. The authors address the definition of treatment fidelity, its importance to the research enterprise, threats and barriers inherent in common rehabilitation research settings, and strategies for enhancing treatment fidelity in intervention-based research.
Domain specific work performance change for people with	schizophrenia
Authors: Bryson Gary , Greig Tamasine , Bell Morris D.
Published: November 2024

Vocational rehabilitation in schizophrenia has begun to attract research interest. Most of the research focuses on models of vocational service delivery. These studies emphasize global work outcomes and rarely address the more elemental abilities that affect these global outcomes. This study reports on a sample of 146 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder as they progressed through a six-month work rehabilitation program. Participants' work was evaluated biweekly using the Work Behavior Inventory. This rating instrument, which combines behavioral observation and interview methods, generates ratings in five specific work domains (Work Habits, Work Quality, Cooperativeness, Personal Presentation, and Social Skills) as well as a Total rating. Results indicate that nearly three quarters (74%) of the sample improved or became proficient in at least one work domain. Work Quality was the domain most likely to improve, while Cooperativeness was the domain most likely to reach a proficient level of performance. Work Quality, Work Habits, and Personal Presentation showed rapid improvement over the first 13 weeks with only modest gains in the second 13 weeks. Cooperativeness and Social Skills showed more gradual, continuous improvement over the entire six months while improvements in all domains were related to the number of weeks participants were involved in the program.
Successful work supports for persons with SCI: Focus on job	retention
Authors: Targett Pamela S. , Wehman Paul H. , McKinley William O. , Young Cynthia L.
Published: November 2024

This paper review barriers to work for individuals with SCI and how these can be overcome using a Supported Employment approach. Problems faced at work and six job retention strategies are described.
A survey of staff opinions on basic values of supported	employment
Authors: Pirttimaa Raija , Saloviita Timo
Published: November 2024

The development of supported employment internationally has been slow in terms of persons thus employed. Some studies have assumed that the reason for slow development resides in the conflict which is created when supported employment is embedded as an additional service option in the facility-based services. In this study, the existence of this conflict was examined by surveying the opinions of Finnish supported employment job coaches on the acceptability of supported employment values. The results confirmed that the acceptability of some values of supported employment was indeed low among staff that was supposed to provide these services. An alternative form of service organisation is discussed as a means to overcome the value conflict and staff resistance produced by it.
Vocational rehabilitation and sudden onset disability: Advancing	proprietary consumer involvement through improved vocational assessment
Authors: Breeding R. Richard
Published: November 2024

Sudden onset disability results from an injury or disease process and may disrupt major life activities on many levels. Rehabilitation consumers with sudden onset disabilities are frequently involved with disability insurance systems and often receive services through proprietary rehabilitation programs. Just as rehabilitation consumers served in public and private non-profit venues, proprietary consumers require comprehensive rehabilitation counseling intervention. Regardless of the service setting, rehabilitation counselors share professional practice activities in common: consumer intake, assessment, planning, providing/arranging services, follow-through, and case documentation/closure. Vocational assessment is an integral component of rehabilitation counseling across settings, which provides a valuable opportunity to enhance active consumer participation throughout the rehabilitation process. Traditional assessment practices often fail to promote consumer involvement, resulting in potentially inaccurate or incomplete analysis of residual functional ability, as well as poor consumer participation in planning and direct service activities. Poor consumer participation often translates to rehabilitation outcomes that do not adequately reflect consumer vocational potential or personal needs. Fundamental improvements in the traditional rehabilitation assessment process across settings, with emphasis on practical applications that are immediately available to rehabilitation counselors in the underserved proprietary sector, are discussed. The implications for rehabilitation research are reviewed.
Teaching the HIV-positive client how to manage the workplace
Authors: Breuer Nancy L.
Published: November 2024

Clients living with HIV/AIDS need specific skills not only to manage their medications and their diagnosis, but also to manage successfully in their own workplaces. Helping HIV-positive clients to be employed productively means preparing them to navigate disclosure, confidentiality, use of leave time, taking medications on the job and negotiating reasonable accommodation. Best practices for vocational counseling apply on these issues, but they require some adaptations for clients living with HIV/AIDS.
Vocational outcomes: VR service determinants for persons with	epilepsy
Authors: Mount David , Johnstone Brick , White Clarissa , Sherman Ashley
Published: November 2024

Persons with epilepsy experience numerous problems securing and retaining employment, and may require the assistance of state Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) services. Unfortunately, very little is known about VR clients with epilepsy, including their typical characteristics, the VR services they receive, the relative success of VR programs, and how VR services impact their ability to financially support themselves (i.e. income and insurance). This study collected data retrospectively to determine the demographic characteristics of state VR clients with epilepsy, their employment/financial outcomes, the type and frequency of VR services they receive, and the best predictors of successful employment for VR clients. The main outcome measures included demographic indices, financial/insurance status at case referral/closure, VR services offered, and vocational status at time of case closure (i.e., successful, unsuccessful, etc.). Study participants were 156 VR clients with epilepsy from Missouri who requested services between 2000 and 2001. Demographically, the participants were primarily Caucasian (81%), male (53%), and of limited education (i.e., 79% with a high school degree or less). Twenty percent of the participants were successfully employed at case closure, compared to 42% who were closed as unsuccessful, 14% who had services interrupted, 5% who had no services provided after referral, and 19% who were closed for 'other reasons'. The most common VR services offered were assessment, transportation, maintenance, job services, and training. Stepwise logistic regression indicated that the delivery of VR services (i.e., on-the-job training, etc.) were the only significant predictors of positive employment outcome. It was concluded that state VR programs can assist persons with epilepsy in becoming successfully employed, increasing personal income, and decreasing reliance on government support.
Disparity of closure types in vocational rehabilitation	services
Authors: Park Hee Chan , Kim-Rupnow Weol Soon , Stodden Robert , Starbuck David E.
Published: November 2024

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) is one of the fastest growing minority groups in the country. Limited research with this ethnic minority, however, provides a major barrier for Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) practitioners to establish culturally appropriate policies and practices in the VR field. A chi-square test was conducted to investigate the statistical difference of closure types between AAPI and White Americans with disabilities who were recorded in the RSA-911 database for the fiscal year 1999–2000 as having closed for VR services. AAPI with disabilities were less likely to be "accepted" and, of those who were accepted, AAPI had less "successful closure" than White Americans in the VR process. The test results revealed statistically significant disparity in closure types between the two groups at the 0.05 level. Study results and limitations were discussed. Suggestions for future research and implications for VR service improvement were presented.
The employer's perception: Employment of individuals with	developmental disabilities
Authors: Morgan Robert L. , Alexander Melina
Published: November 2024

In this study, employers with and without experience in hiring individuals with developmental disabilities were surveyed regarding their perceptions. Respondents were surveyed and their responses were divided based on location (small or large city), type and size of business, average length of employment, and educational qualifications. Most respondents with experience indicated the employment usually or sometimes worked well and they were likely to hire again. Many inexperienced respondents were also receptive to hiring. Experienced respondents identified advantages to employing individuals with disabilities at higher rates than inexperienced respondents. The most frequently identified advantages were consistent attendance, workforce diversity, long-term employment, and co-worker partnerships. Experienced respondents also identified more concerns than inexperienced respondents. The most frequently identified concern was safety. Implications of the research are examined.
Telework and employees with disabilities: Accommodation and	funding options
Authors: West Michael D. , Anderson Jane
Published: November 2024

This article describes telework and its use as an accommodation for employees with disabilities. Potential barriers to using telework as an accommodation are presented, as well as potential funding sources for technology. Two case studies of successful accommodation through telework are presented.
Speech impairment and workplace discrimination: The national EEOC	ADA research project
Authors: Mitchell Pamela R. , McMahon Brian T. , McKee Dawn
Published: November 2024

There is a substantial lack of knowledge regarding the extent to which employment discrimination may be perceived or experienced by individuals with speech impairments. This investigation examined 1,637 such allegations of employment discrimination extracted as part of the National EEOC Americans with Disabilities Act research project. Allegations by individuals with speech impairments were compared to a group of individuals with orthopedic and visual impairments. The group with speech impairments consisted of a higher proportion of males and younger individuals than the comparison group. There also were differences in the alleged discrimination issues for the two groups, most notably a higher proportion of allegations of harassment and a lower proportion of allegations related to reasonable accommodation in the group with speech-impairment. In addition, the proportion of allegations between the two groups differed with respect to industry type, employer region and employer size.

The proportion of cases judged to have merit was similar across the two groups, but there were within group differences in the pattern of merit resolutions.
Effects of local unemployment rate on vocational outcomes in a	randomized trial of supported employment for individuals with psychiatric	disabilities
Authors: Cook Judith A. , Mulkern Virginia , Grey Dennis D. , Burke-Miller Jane , Blyler Crystal R. , Razzano Lisa A. , Onken Steven J. , Balser Richard M. , Gold Paul B. , Shafer Michael S. , Kaufmann Caroline L. , Donegan Kate , Chow Clifton M. , Steigman Pamela A.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of local unemployment rates on evidence-based supported employment (SE) programs tailored for people with psychiatric disabilities. Participants (n=1,273) from 7 states in the US were randomly assigned to experimental SE or services as usual/comparison conditions and followed for 24 months. Mixed-effects random regression analysis found that both local unemployment rate and study condition were significant predictors of competitive employment and working 40 or more hours per month. An interaction between study condition and unemployment rate was found, in which participants in areas with low unemployment receiving best practice SE had consistently better outcomes than all others. However, even in areas with high unemployment, those who received evidence-based SE had outcomes superior to those in the control condition. This confirms the influence of local labor market forces on individuals with psychiatric disabilities participating in vocational rehabilitation programs. It also suggests that those who are attempting to return to work in areas with weak local economies are likely to fare especially poorly if they are not receiving high quality SE interventions. Thus, use of evidence-based SE can help to ameliorate the effects of high unemployment on work outcomes.
Disabling conditions and work outcomes among enrollees in a	Medicaid buy-in program
Authors: Henry Alexis D. , Hooven Fred , Hashemi Lobat , Banks Steven , Clark Robin , Himmelstein Jay
Published: November 2024

Working-age adults with severe disabilities face many barriers to reaching their employment potential. One important barrier is the concern that working will result in the loss of Medicaid benefits, which cover many needed healthcare services for people with disabilities at little or no cost. Now offered by over 30 states, Medicaid buy-in programs address this concern by allowing people with disabilities to retain Medicaid while they work and increase earnings. Prior reports of buy-in programs have not examined whether work outcomes vary with characteristics of buy-in enrollees. Using data from a statewide survey of Massachusetts buy-in program members, we found type of disabling condition to predict three work outcomes: current work status of all members; annual earnings over $10,000 among currently working members; and future work intentions of currently non-working members. Members with developmental or psychiatric disabilities were generally more likely to work but had lower earnings than other members. Members with a physical disability were generally less likely to work than other members, but when working tended to have higher earnings. Those with co-occurring psychiatric and physical disabilities had the poorest work outcomes. Across all conditions, few members had earnings at levels consistent with economic self-sufficiency. Policy and practice implications are discussed.
Return to work in traumatic brain injury (TBI): A perspective on	capacity for job complexity
Authors: Fraser R. , Machamer J. , Temkin N. , Dikmen S. , Doctor J.
Published: November 2024

In the traumatic brain injury (TBI) vocational literature there have been limited, but conflicting findings relative to job complexity and work reentry. This study follows 140 workers at the time of injury and examines return to work and maintenance within the context of job complexity at three to five years postinjury. Job complexity was examined as a function of US Department of Labor ratings of the Reasoning Development and Specific Vocational Preparation ratings required for each job held and hours worked. Subgroup comparisons were made across three subgroups: 1) job-maintainers, 2) those unable to sustain work after returning, and 3) those who could never return to work. The subgroup that was chiefly able to maintain complex work, according to U.S. Department of Labor ratings, was more likely to be of female gender, had fewer alcohol problems, was less severely injured and showed significantly better neuropsychological functioning. Those unable to sustain work had between 1.7 and 2.6 chance of holding a job with less complexity and hours at time of termination. There were no differences between these first two groups on involvement in the broader US Department of Labor occupational classification categories. The final subgroup, that was never able to work, showed both more severe injury and more neuropsychological impairment.
Gender differences in managing chronic illness at work: Exploring	predictors for disclosure
Authors: Munir Fehmidah , Pryce Joanna , Haslam Cheryl , Leka Stavroula , Griffiths Amanda
Published: November 2024

This study explored possible gender differences in the self-management of chronic illness as predictors for self-disclosure to line managers. A survey, sent to participants at a university, found 461 women and 273 men reporting a chronic illness. Findings suggest that women reported more symptoms of their illness and were more likely to perceive receiving emotional support from others as being important in managing their illness. In contrast, men were more likely to have higher sickness absence and report their symptoms as being more frequent. Despite the difference in the experience of illness between the two genders, findings suggests that the importance of receiving emotional support from line managers is the strongest predictor for disclosure of illness for both genders.
"My dream was to pay taxes": The self-employment experiences of	individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication
Authors: McNaughton David , Symons Gregory , Light Janice , Parsons Arielle
Published: November 2024

Seven self-employed individuals with cerebral palsy who used augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) participated in a focus group discussion conducted on the Internet. Six themes emerged from the discussion: (a) description of employment activities, (b) benefits of self-employment, (c) negative impacts of self-employment, (d) barriers to employment, (e) supports to self-employment, and (f) recommendations for improving self-employment outcomes for individuals with cerebral palsy who use AAC. For the individuals in this study, self-employment provided financial benefits, meaningful work activities, and an opportunity to realize personal expectations for participation in society. Negative societal attitudes and limited educational experiences were identified as major barriers to employment, while personal characteristics such as a willingness to take on challenges and an interest in demonstrating personal competence were seen as important supports.
Ticket-to-Work project: Evaluation of an assertive outreach	approach to increase ticket assignment and use of the One-Stop System by SSA	beneficiaries in an urban county in New Jersey
Authors: Gervey Robert , Ratemo Milkah , Halper Amy , Brucker Debra , Berkowitz Monroe
Published: November 2024

The Ticket-to-Work (TTW) program is designed to promote SSA beneficiaries' return to work. Unfortunately, very few SSA beneficiaries have taken advantage of this latest work incentive program. The current project evaluates the effectiveness of an assertive outreach effort to increase TTW enrollment and use of the One-Stop Career Center System by SSA beneficiaries in a densely populated, urban county within New Jersey. The results indicate that an assertive outreach effort alone will not resolve the low enrollment rate within the TTW program. Implications for the SSA TTW program and the One-Stop System are discussed.
The cost-effectiveness of supported employment and sheltered	workshops in Wisconsin (FY 2002–FY 2005)
Authors: Cimera Robert Evert
Published: November 2024

This study explores the cost-effectiveness of supported employment and sheltered workshops in Wisconsin. Data from 1,118 supported employees and 209 sheltered workers with "most significant" mental retardation were compared. Results indicated that although supported employees generated greater initial costs per fiscal quarter, their cumulative costs were 33.7% cheaper than those of sheltered workers.
Challenges to implementing evidence-based supported employment in	Australia
Authors: Waghorn Geoff , Collister Laura , Killackey Eoin , Sherring Joanne
Published: November 2024

Labor force non-participation, unemployment, disrupted education and disrupted career pathways exacerbate the social and economic marginalization of people with severe mental illness. One way to address this problem is to introduce evidence-based supported employment. One key ingredient, integrating vocational services into publicly-funded mental health services, is recognized as the missing component of evidence-based practices in Australia. During 2006, seven sites independently attempted to implement evidence-based supported employment. Early stage implementation challenges to the introduction of evidence-based practices were identified for this descriptive summary. While the establishment of evidence-based supported employment appears feasible, when actually attempted, multiple and sometimes unique practical challenges emerged at each site. The major difficulties were related to service integration and utilizing the existing Federal disability employment system. Establishing sustainable partnerships between the mental health and disability employment sectors, through co-location of employment specialists within mental health teams, remains a promising way forward. The early implementation experiences of these Australian sites add to international knowledge on how best to implement evidence-based employment services for people with psychiatric disabilities.
Individualized Career Planning for students with significant	support needs utilizing the Discovery and Vocational Profile process,	cross-agency collaborative funding and Social Security Work Incentives
Authors: Condon Ellen , Callahan Michael
Published: November 2024

Nationally, less than 8% of students with a disability exit school with a job, enrollment in post-secondary education, involvement in community recreation and leisure activities, or independent living arrangements [8]. Those students most likely to leave school without skills and supports necessary to work in the community are those with the most significant disabilities. The Individualized Career Planning Model provides a transition planning template for these students. The process includes conducting Discovery, writing a Vocational Profile, facilitating a Customized Employment Planning Meeting, and creating a Representational Portfolio. Using the model, students obtain Customized Employment/self-employment, are linked to collaboratively funded supports, and are assisted to access Social Security work incentives such as Plans for Achieving Self Support.
How globalization is changing our workforce: A global vision to	job development
Authors: Hafner Dedra , Owens Laura A.
Published: November 2024

The field of supported employment has changed over the past twenty years. Unfortunately, job developers continue to struggle with ways in which we can assist individuals with disabilities reach their career goals. Many jobs are being sent oversees while even more are being replaced by technology. This manuscript addresses the need for employment professionals in the disability community to look beyond the traditional job market and look more globally.
Router-Tuning: A Simple and Effective Approach for Enabling Dynamic-Depth in Transformers
Authors: He Shwai , Ge Tao , Sun Guoheng , Tian Bowei , Wang Xiaoyang , Li Ang , Yu Dong
Published: November 2024

Traditional transformer models often allocate a fixed amount of computational resources to every input token, leading to inefficient and unnecessary computation. To address this, the Mixture of Depths (MoD) was introduced to dynamically adjust the computational depth by skipping less important layers. Despite its promise, current MoD approaches remain under-explored and face two main challenges: (1) _high training costs due to the need to train the entire model along with the routers that determine which layers to skip_, and (2) _the risk of performance degradation when important layers are bypassed_. In response to the first issue, we propose Router-Tuning, a method that fine-tunes only the router on a small dataset, drastically reducing the computational overhead associated with full model training. For the second challenge, we propose MindSkip, which deploys _Attention with Dynamic Depths_. This method preserves the model’s performance while significantly enhancing computational and memory efficiency. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach delivers competitive results while dramatically improving the computation efficiency, e.g., 21% speedup and only a 0.2% performance drop. The code is released at https://github.com/CASE-Lab-UMD/Router-Tuning.
Hazard assessment and justification of the medical and sanitary regulation of clopyralid in the air of the working area
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Kuzminov B.P. , Zazulyak T.S. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Kuzminov O.B. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lukasevich N.F. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Chemodurova N.E. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University
Published: November 2024

Goal. Establishment of toxicity parameters and substantiation of the maximum permissible concentration of the herbicide clopyralid in the air of the working area. Object and research methods. Clopyralid (3,6-dichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid) manufactured by SUPERUS Co. Ltd (China). The research methods are toxicological-hygienic, biochemical, immunological, physico-chemical, statistical. Research results and their discussion. The results of toxicological and hygienic studies of the herbicide clopyralid on laboratory animals (white mice, white rats, ants, rabbits) are presented. It was established that clopyralid according to the parameters of acute toxicity with a single intragastric injection and a single application to the skin belongs to low-hazard substances (hazard class 4), with a single inhalation effect - to moderately hazardous substances (hazard class 3), does not have a skin resorptive effect, exhibits moderately pronounced irritant effect upon repeated contact with the skin and strongly pronounced irritant effect upon contact with mucous membranes, causes sensitization of the body. With subchronic oral exposure and application to the skin, it exhibits weak cumulative properties. Gonadotoxic, embryotoxic and teratogenic effects are caused by the general toxic effect of clopyralid. Genotoxic and carcinogenic properties were not detected. Based on the established parameters of toxicity, the stock factor was calculated, the maximum permissible concentration of clopyralid in the air of the working area was proposed and the method of measuring the mass concentration of the herbicide was developed. Conclusions. The maximum permissible concentration of clopyralid in the air of the working area is recommended at the level of 1.0 mg/m3, aerosol, 2nd hazard class, + - mark requires special eye protection. A gas chromatographic technique for measuring the mass concentration of clopyralid in air has been developed. Keywords. Clopyralid, toxicity parameters, maximum permissible concentration, air of the working area.
Ionizing radiation as a risk factor of thyroid gland’s pathology emergence (literature review)
Authors:   Private Higher Educational Institution “Lviv Medical University”, Ryabukha O.I. , Fedorenko V.I. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research. Theoretical generalization of the scientific publications’ data on the issue of the ionizing radiation’s influence on the state of the thyroid gland. Object and research methods. Analytical review of the foreign and domestic scientific publications’ data using the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus/WoS scientometric databases and the information resource "Scientific Periodicals of Ukraine". Research results and their discussion. Under the conditions of adverse and poorly controlled physical factors’ influence of the environment, the vital activity of the organism occurs against the background of morpho-functional changes in the thyroid gland. The main physical factor that significantly disrupts the state of the gland is natural and artificial ionizing radiation. The studied publications analyzed the features of X-ray and gamma radiation’s influence on the processes of carcinogenesis, the issues of radiation-induced lesions of the thyroid gland. The study of the ionizing radiation’s impact on medical workers during the performance of their professional duties and on patients during diagnostic imaging, the study of the ionizing radiation’s effects on public health after the accident at the Chornobyl NPP and Fukushima Daiichi NPP drew attention. Characterization of ionizing factors capable of damaging the thyroid gland, study of the ionizing radiation’s impact on it and the initiation of tumor processes in it, their dependence on the radiation dose, duration of exposure, gender and age at which the radiation injury was received, showed that radionuclides, which enter the body as a result of man-made accidents at nuclear power plants, are particularly dangerous. Conclusions. Ionizing radiation can significantly disrupt the state of the thyroid gland. Its influence is especially dangerous in childhood and adolescence. Among the radiosensitive organs, the thyroid gland acquires the status of an important target, and the level of thyroid pathology is becoming an informative marker of environmental distress. This changes the problem of thyroid pathology from a purely medical to an ecologically and socially significant one. Keywords. Ionizing radiation, low dose exposure, diseases of the thyroid gland, thyroid neoplasms, healthcare workers, diagnostic imaging.
Hygiene of physical environmental factors: more than 60 years of experience and a look into the future
Authors:   SI «O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMS of Ukraine», Gotz A.V. , Dumansky V.Yu. ,   SI «O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMS of Ukraine», Semashko P.V. ,   SI «O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMS of Ukraine», Bitkin S.V. ,   SI «O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMS of Ukraine», Serdyuk Ye.A. ,   SI «O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMS of Ukraine», Bezverkha A.P. ,   SI «O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMS of Ukraine»
Published: November 2024

Objective. The objective of the work was to evaluate the main achievements and outline the prospects for hygienic rationing of physical factors in populated areas of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Scientific reports, regulatory documents, guidelines and scientific publications were studied by the method of literature analysis. Results. Systematic studies on the hygienic assessment of physical factors – electromagnetic fields, noise and vibration – in populated areas are carried out at the State Institution O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine for more than 60 years. The research is carried out in order to develop hygienic standards – the maximum permissible levels of physical factors, to develop protective measures to prevent the adverse effects of physical environmental factors on the health of the population. In recent years, some hygienic standards have been changed without conducting appropriate scientific research, some hygienic standards have not yet been developed. Conclusions. We have accumulated extensive, mostly unique, experience in performing work on hygienic regulation of physical environmental factors. With the development of technology, the levels of electromagnetic fields, noise and vibration continue to increase, which determines the priority of protecting public health from the adverse effects of these factors. Of course, the implementation of work on hygienic regulation of physical environmental factors should continue, because according to the outstanding hygienist, academician Alexander Nikitich Marzeev, whose name our scientific institution bears, the future belongs to us – to the hygiene. Keywords. Air ionization, electromagnetic fields, noise, vibration, hygienic regulation, exposure limits.
Identifying themes in first-generation graduate students' sense of belonging
Authors:   , Correll Christin
Published: November 2024

Available research discusses the first-generation undergraduate experience, graduate students' sense of belonging, and first-generation graduate students, but little research shows the themes that impact a first-generation graduate student's sense of belonging. Understanding the first-generation graduate students' experience as a marginalized group allows higher education practitioners to create a more inclusive environment to aid their belonging. This qualitative, instrumental case study, guided by College Student Sense of Belonging theory, was focused on ten first-generation graduate students' sense of belonging within their doctoral program. Four of the seven core elements presented in this theory emerged as salient to first-generation graduate students' sense of belonging. The four core elements representative of their experience concerning belonging within their doctoral program were: context/time/factor determines importance, mattering, influenced by one's identity, and leads to positive outcomes/successes. A few examples of themes that participants shared as being salient to their first-generation identity included the need for faculty validation, being seen by others, first-generation identity barriers, and faculty outreach. The results of this study provide many practical applications and academic tools to create an inclusive approach that aids first-generation graduate students in their sense of belonging.