bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Determinants of Pharmacy Deserts in Los Angeles County
Authors: Wisseh Cheryl , Hildreth Kristin , Marshall Jazalene , Tanner Ashton , Bazargan Mohsen , Robinson Paul
Published: October 2020

As medications are commonly used to prevent and mitigate chronic diseases and their associated complications and outcomes, limited geographic access to medications in communities that are already plagued with health inequity is a growing concern. This is especially important because low-income urban minority communities often have high prevalence and incidence of cardiometabolic and respiratory chronic conditions. Community pharmacy deserts have been established in Chicago, New York, and other locales. In part because the definition was originally adapted from the concept of food deserts, existing studies have either utilized the distance of 1 mile or greater to the nearest community pharmacy solely, or used distance along with the same predefined social indicator thresholds that define food deserts (i.e., income and vehicle ownership), to define and identify areas as pharmacy deserts. No full analysis has been conducted of the social determinants that define and characterize medication shortage areas within a given locale, even though medication and food are usually accessed independently. Therefore, to address this gap in the literature, this study was designed to identify all potential “pharmacy deserts” in Los Angeles County based on distance alone and then characterize them by their social determinants of health (SDOH) indicators. Geographic pharmacy deserts were identified as census tracts where the nearest community pharmacy was 1 mile or more away from a tract centroid. K-means clustering was applied to group pharmacy deserts based on their composition of social determinants of health indicators. Twenty-five percent (571/2323) of LA County census tracts were pharmacy deserts and 75% (1752/2323) were pharmacy non-deserts. Within the desert areas, two statistically distinct groups of pharmacy deserts (type one and type two) emerged from the analysis. In comparison to type two pharmacy deserts, type one pharmacy deserts were characterized by a denser population, had more renters, more residents that speak English as a second language, less vehicle ownership, more residents living under the federal poverty level, more Black and Hispanic residents, more areas with higher crime against property and people, and less health professionals to serve the area. Residing in type one desert areas, potentially compounds the geographic shortage of pharmacies and pharmacy services. As such, residents in Los Angeles County pharmacy deserts might benefit greatly from equitable, innovative, community-based interventions that increase access to medications, pharmacy services, and pharmacists.
Atomic Modulation of 3D Conductive Frameworks Boost Performance of MnO2 for Coaxial Fiber-Shaped Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xiaona , Zhou Zhenyu , Sun Zhijian , Hah Jinho , Yao Yagang , Moon Kyoung-Sik , Di Jiangtao , Li Qingwen , Wong Ching-ping
Published: October 2020

Coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors are a promising class of energy storage devices requiring high performance for flexible and miniature electronic devices. Yet, they are still struggling from inferior energy density, which comes from the limited choices in materials and structure used. Here, Zn-doped CuO nanowires were designed as 3D framework for aligned distributing high mass loading of MnO2 nanosheets. Zn could be introduced into the CuO crystal lattice to tune the covalency character and thus improve charge transport. The Zn–CuO@MnO2 as positive electrode obtained superior performance without sacrificing its areal and gravimetric capacitances with the increasing of mass loading of MnO2 due to 3D Zn–CuO framework enabling efficient electron transport. A novel category of free-standing asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor based on Zn0.11CuO@MnO2 core electrode possesses superior specific capacitance and enhanced cell potential window. This asymmetric coaxial structure provides superior performance including higher capacity and better stability under deformation because of sufficient contact between the electrodes and electrolyte. Based on these advantages, the as-prepared asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor exhibits a high specific capacitance of 296.6 mF cm−2 and energy density of 133.47 μWh cm−2. In addition, its capacitance retention reaches 76.57% after bending 10,000 times, which demonstrates as-prepared device’s excellent flexibility and long-term cycling stability.
Diskriminierung und Diskriminierungskritik: eine problemsoziologische Analyse
Authors: Scherr A.
Published: October 2020

Ein Verständnis von Diskriminierung als soziales Problem kann einen breiten gesellschaftlichen Konsens für sich beanspruchen. Denn es wird als ein Kennzeichen moderner, den normativen Prinzipien der Menschenrechte verpflichteter Gesellschaften angesehen, dass Diskriminierung aufgrund zugeschriebener oder tatsächlicher Kollektivmerkmale, z. B. aufgrund der Religionszugehörigkeit, des Geschlechts und der sexuellen Orientierung, aufgrund von Behinderungen oder von Ethnizität, als unzulässig gilt. Demgegenüber wird hier in einer problemsoziologischen Perspektive aufgezeigt, warum dieser Konsens fragwürdig und brüchig ist, sowie warum Diskriminierung auch nicht allein als Effekt tradierter Vorurteile und obsoleter Ideologien, sondern nur dann zureichend verstanden werden kann, wenn auch gesellschaftsstrukturelle Bedingungen von Diskriminierung und die Verwendung diskriminierender Unterscheidungen durch Organisationen berücksichtigt werden. Aufgezeigt werden damit Grundlagen und Perspektiven einer problemsoziologisch informierten Diskriminierungsforschung.
The Significance of Measuring Vitamin D Serum Levels in Women with Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Ciebiera Michał , Ali Mohamed , Prince Lillian , Zgliczyński Stanisław , Jakiel Grzegorz , Al-Hendy Ayman
Published: October 2020

Uterine fibroids (UFs) are benign tumors originating from smooth muscle cells and are considered a common pathology that affects numerous women which is a notable socio-economic problem. Several UF risk factors have been identified including black race, obesity, and vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is steroid compound with pleiotropic effects on the human body. Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health concern worldwide. Several studies have shown that the majority of UF patients experienced hypovitaminosis D. In addition, sufficient vitamin D serum levels are associated with the reduced risk of UFs. In this review, we present available data highlighting the importance of measuring vitamin D serum levels in women with UFs and women at a high risk for UF development. We proposed a preliminary clinical instruction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurements and vitamin D supplementation for clinicians who are involved in the treatment of patients with UFs. Achieving sufficient serum levels of vitamin D might be of interest in patients with UFs. Screening, supplementation, treatment guidelines, and public health strategies for vitamin D deficiency in women with UFs as well as women at a high risk of UF development might be of potential importance as well.
Experiences of positive career change among female breast cancer survivors: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Woodhouse Katharine , Yates Julia
Published: October 2020

This article reports on women’s experiences of career change following a breast cancer diagnosis and explores whether their illness represents the driving force to pursue previously unfulfilled career ambitions. The participants were four women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and had changed career direction after their treatment. Data were conducted through in-depth interviews and were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Four themes prominent throughout each women’s narrative were identified: (i) a pre-diagnosis, unhappiness at work, (ii) a sense of stepping off the treadmill, (iii) a sharp focus upon their “self,” and subsequently (iv) a flourishing “work-life.” Further research is needed to investigate how common these findings are among women with breast cancer.
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF WEIHRAUCH REDUCIBILITY IN SYSTEMS CONTAINING
Authors: UFTRING PATRICK
Published: October 2020

We characterize Weihrauch reducibility in

$ \operatorname {\mathrm {E-PA^{\omega }}} + \operatorname {\mathrm {QF-AC^{0,0}}}$
and all systems containing it by the provability in a linear variant of the same calculus using modifications of Gödel’s Dialectica interpretation that incorporate ideas from linear logic, nonstandard arithmetic, higher-order computability, and phase semantics.
THE MODAL LOGICS OF KRIPKE–FEFERMAN TRUTH
Authors: NICOLAI CARLO , STERN JOHANNES
Published: October 2020

We determine the modal logic of fixed-point models of truth and their axiomatizations by Solomon Feferman via Solovay-style completeness results. Given a fixed-point model
$\mathcal {M}$
, or an axiomatization S thereof, we find a modal logic M such that a modal sentence
$\varphi $
is a theorem of M if and only if the sentence
$\varphi ^*$
obtained by translating the modal operator with the truth predicate is true in
$\mathcal {M}$
or a theorem of S under all such translations. To this end, we introduce a novel version of possible worlds semantics featuring both classical and nonclassical worlds and establish the completeness of a family of noncongruent modal logics whose internal logic is nonclassical with respect to this semantics.
How to build a dinosaur: Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation of locomotor biomechanics in extinct animals
Authors: Bishop Peter J. , Cuff Andrew R. , Hutchinson John R.
Published: October 2020

The intersection of paleontology and biomechanics can be reciprocally illuminating, helping to improve paleobiological knowledge of extinct species and furthering our understanding of the generality of biomechanical principles derived from study of extant species. However, working with data gleaned primarily from the fossil record has its challenges. Building on decades of prior research, we outline and critically discuss a complete workflow for biomechanical analysis of extinct species, using locomotor biomechanics in the Triassic theropod dinosaurCoelophysisas a case study. We progress from the digital capture of fossil bone morphology to creating rigged skeletal models, to reconstructing musculature and soft tissue volumes, to the development of computational musculoskeletal models, and finally to the execution of biomechanical simulations. Using a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model comprising 33 muscles, a static inverse simulation of the mid-stance of running shows thatCoelophysisprobably used more upright (extended) hindlimb postures and was likely capable of withstanding a vertical ground reaction force of magnitude more than 2.5 times body weight. We identify muscle force-generating capacity as a key source of uncertainty in the simulations, highlighting the need for more refined methods of estimating intrinsic muscle parameters such as fiber length. Our approach emphasizes the explicit application of quantitative techniques and physics-based principles, which helps maximize results robustness and reproducibility. Although we focus on one specific taxon and question, many of the techniques and philosophies explored here have much generality to them, so they can be applied in biomechanical investigation of other extinct organisms.
Enviromagnetic study of Late Quaternary environmental evolution in Lower Volga loess sequences, Russia
Authors: Költringer Chiara , Stevens Thomas , Bradák Balázs , Almqvist Bjarne , Kurbanov Redzhep , Snowball Ian , Yarovaya Sofya
Published: October 2020

The late Quaternary development of the Lower Volga region of Russia is characterized by an alternating influence of marine and continental environments resulting from fluctuations in Caspian Sea level during the last glaciation. However, sediments deposited under continental conditions have received very little research attention compared to the under- and overlying marine deposits, such that even their origin is still in debate. Detailed magnetic mineralogical analyses presented here show clear similarities to loess. The results suggest that climate during the time of loess deposition, the Atelian regression (27–80 ka, MIS 4–3), was dry and cool, similar to the modern-day Northern Caspian lowland. The magnetic properties recorded in the loess-paleosol sequences of the Lower Volga also point to short episodes of potentially more humid and warmer climate during the late Atelian. The new findings in regard to the local Caspian climate and environmental evolution support decreased river discharge from the Russian Plain and Siberian Plain as the dominant factor causing the low Caspian sea level stand during the Atelian, although local-regional climate changes might have had an additional influence.
RADIOCARBON DATING OF ORACLE BONES OF LATE SHANG PERIOD IN ANCIENT CHINA
Authors: Liu Kexin , Wu Xiaohong , Guo Zhiyu , Yuan Sixun , Ding Xingfang , Fu Dongpo , Pan Yan
Published: October 2020

Oracle bone script developed into a sophisticated writing system in Shang Dynasty of China more than 3000 years ago. The systematic scientific dating of oracle bones had not been previously reported. Here we present radiocarbon (14C) dates measured from the sequential samples of oracle bones that pertain to the Shang kings. The results indicate that King Wu Ding (who is called Wu Ting in some literature) reigned during 1254 BC to 1197 BC, and the Shang Dynasty terminated around 1041 BC. It also points that the Li group in the sequence of oracle bones is most probably related to the time of King Wu Ding and Zu Geng.
Emigrant Inclusion in Home Country Elections: Theory and Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: WELLMAN ELIZABETH IAMS
Published: October 2020

Since 1990, nearly 100 countries extended voting rights to citizens living abroad, including 32 in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the actual ability for emigrants to vote in subsequent elections varies widely. Whereas others view diaspora enfranchisement as a signal to emigrant and international audiences, I argue that incumbent parties expand or restrict emigrant voter access depending on party perceptions of political support abroad. I first leverage the multiple reversals over emigrant inclusion in South African elections since 1994 to illuminate how changing dynamics between an incumbent party and citizens abroad shape emigrant voter access. I further test my argument with an original dataset covering multiple dimensions of external voting in every African election where emigrants had voting rights from 1990 to 2015. I find a robust relationship between emigrant voter access and diaspora support for the incumbent party.
Estimated dietary polyphenol intake and major food sources of the Brazilian population
Authors: Carnauba Renata A. , Hassimotto Neuza M. A. , Lajolo Franco M.
Published: October 2020

Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse association between polyphenol intake and the risk of chronic diseases. However, the lack of comprehensive data on population-level intakes, especially in Latin American countries, has limited research on this topic. We aimed to estimate total and individual polyphenol intakes and determine the major dietary contributors in a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey, a cross-sectional survey which included data on individual food intake of 34 003 subjects aged 10 years and over collected using two 24-h dietary records. Polyphenol content of foods was identified using the Phenol-Explorer database and Brazilian Food Composition Database. Total and individual polyphenol intake was calculated, as well as the intake distribution by socio-demographic factors. The median and 25–75th percentiles of polyphenol intake were 364·3 and 200·9–1008 mg/d, respectively. After energy adjustment, the median and 25–75th percentiles of polyphenol intake were 204 and 111·4–542·1 mg/1000 kcal/d (4184 kJ/d), respectively. Non-alcoholic beverages and fruits were the major polyphenol suppliers, and coffee and orange juice the main individual food contributors to polyphenol intake. The individual compounds most consumed were isomers of chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-caffeoylquinic acid), naringenin and hesperetin. The present study provides, for the first time, data on dietary intake of total and individual polyphenols by the Brazilian population and illustrates the low quality of their diet. These results will facilitate the study of associations between polyphenol class intake and health outcomes, and will also be useful for future dietary intake recommendations.
Plenitudinous Russellianism, ‘That’-Clauses, and the Principle of Substitutivity
Authors: Mousavian Seyed N.
Published: October 2020

Recently, in a series of papers, Joshua Spencer has introduced, defended, and developed a modified version of Neo-Russellianism (NR), namely Plenitudinous Russellianism (PR), according to which there are structurally identical but numerically distinct singular Russellian propositions (SRPs). PR claims to provide novel semantic solutions to all the major problems that NR faces with no radical revision in NR. In this paper, I introduce a semantic puzzle for PR: the view leads to the violation of the principle of substitutivity of co-referential proper names within simple (predicative) ‘that’-clauses (PS1). I consider different responses to my argument, and show that none of them is fully satisfactory for the Russellian. I conclude that PR needs to depart from NR more radically.
ROBERT BRODY, The Geonim of Babylonia and the Shaping of Medieval Jewish Culture (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1998). Pp. 404.
Authors: FRANKLIN ARNOLD
Published: October 2020

This detailed and clearly written book is an invaluable window onto a period of Jewish history that has remained largely unknown to all but a handful of specialists. For more than six centuries two important institutions of Jewish learning and leadership dominated Babylonia, a loose geographic term used by Jews to refer to an area roughly corresponding to modern-day Iraq. From the middle of the 6th to the middle of the 11th century, the heads of these yeshivot (s. yeshivah), known as geonim (s. gaon), exercised a combination of spiritual and political authority over Jewish communities throughout the Near East, North Africa, and Europe. Their most enduring impact on Jewish civilization, however, was the canonization of the Babylonian Talmud, which, as a result of their efforts, became the cornerstone of all forms of medieval rabbinic Judaism. Brody's book, based on a mastery of the primary sources as well as recent work in the field, provides the first comprehensive summary of the achievements of the geonim in almost fifty years, a task made both challenging and imperative by the progress of research on materials from the Cairo Genizah since the publication of S. Assaf's Tequfat ha-geءonim ve-sifrutah in 1955.
Zonally dominated dynamics and Dimits threshold in curvature-driven ITG turbulence
Authors: Ivanov Plamen G. , Schekochihin A. A. , Dorland W. , Field A. R. , Parra F. I.
Published: October 2020

The saturated state of turbulence driven by the ion-temperature-gradient instability is investigated using a two-dimensional long-wavelength fluid model that describes the perturbed electrostatic potential and perturbed ion temperature in a magnetic field with constant curvature (a

$Z$

-pinch) and an equilibrium temperature gradient. Numerical simulations reveal a well-defined transition between a finite-amplitude saturated state dominated by strong zonal-flow and zonal temperature perturbations, and a blow-up state that fails to saturate on a box-independent scale. We argue that this transition is equivalent to the Dimits transition from a low-transport to a high-transport state seen in gyrokinetic numerical simulations (Dimits et al., Phys. Plasmas, vol. 7, 2000, 969). A quasi-static staircase-like structure of the temperature gradient intertwined with zonal flows, which have patch-wise constant shear, emerges near the Dimits threshold. The turbulent heat flux in the low-collisionality near-marginal state is dominated by turbulent bursts, triggered by coherent long-lived structures closely resembling those found in gyrokinetic simulations with imposed equilibrium flow shear (van Wyk et al., J. Plasma Phys., vol. 82, 2016, 905820609). The breakup of the low-transport Dimits regime is linked to a competition between the two different sources of poloidal momentum in the system – the Reynolds stress and the advection of the diamagnetic flow by the

$\boldsymbol {E}\times \boldsymbol {B}$

flow. By analysing the linear ion-temperature-gradient modes, we obtain a semi-analytic model for the Dimits threshold at large collisionality.
Notes on Essential Labor
Authors: Gago Verónica , Mason-Deese Liz
Published: October 2020

The pandemic exposes (and leaves us exposed to) the totality of capital; its most intricate and subterranean links come to light. The extractivist push and its relation to Indigenous genocide in the Amazon, as well as its direct effect on the financialization of land in cities’ poorest neighborhoods becomes apparent. It also becomes clear how the precarization of labor manages to extend working days in a way that relaunches the silent war that Marx saw condensed in its duration. At the same time, it highlights how tasks of reproduction are directly assembled with the so-called platform economy. From August 2019 to now, the Amazon experienced its largest fire in its history, and today clearcutting continues at full pace, while the e-commerce platform with the same name is one of the companies that has most profited from the pandemic, in what continues to be a literal catastrophe.
Father absence, age at menarche, and genetic confounding: A replication and extension using a polygenic score
Authors: Schlomer Gabriel L. , Marceau Kristine
Published: October 2020

Father absence has a small but robust association with earlier age at menarche (AAM), likely reflecting both genetic confounding and an environmental influence on life history strategy development. Studies that have attempted to disambiguate genetic versus environmental contributions to this association have shown conflicting findings, though genomic-based studies have begun to establish the role of gene–environment interplay in the father absence/AAM literature. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend prior genomic work using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective longitudinal cohort study (N = 2,685), by (a) testing if an AAM polygenic score (PGS) could account for the father absence/AAM association, (b) replicating G×E research on lin-28 homolog B (LIN28B) variation and father absence, and (c) testing the G×E hypothesis using the PGS. Results showed that the PGS could not explain the father absence/AAM association and there was no interaction between father absence and the PGS. Findings using LIN28B largely replicated prior work that showed LIN28B variants predicted later AAM in father-present girls, but this AAM-delaying effect was absent or reversed in father-absent girls. Findings are discussed in terms genetic confounding, the unique biological role of LIN28B, and using PGSs for G×E tests.
Process, quality and challenges of diabetes care in primary care: a study of district health network in Thailand
Authors: Somanawat Jumnean , Saramunee Kritsanee , Chanasopon Suratchada
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to describe the process of care, assess the quality of care based on defined indicators, and identify challenges associated with providing diabetes care via sub-district health promotion hospital (SHPH) facilities in Thailand. Primary care policy has directed that diabetes care be delivered via SHPH in order to reduce hospital congestion and minimize travel costs for patients. Limited data is available regarding the structure for providing care. Likewise, barriers to delivery of optimal care have not been well defined, especially from the perspective of health care providers. This study employed mixed-methods research, which included semi-structured interviews to gain insights into the current diabetes care process, a descriptive study to evaluate quality of care, and use of a focus group to identify challenges associated with delivery of diabetic care via SHPH. Diabetes care processes in primary care included multiple steps and involved collaboration between various health care providers at both the hospital and SHPH. Four process indicators and one outcome had been achieved but performance of other indicators was apparently low. Three factors were found to pose challenges to providing this service: the resources of the health service, the delivery of services, and patient factors. SHPH require additional support, particularly in the areas of primary care workforce, finance, medical device procurement, and patient information systems. While delivery of diabetes care via primary care centers has been well established in Thailand, regional differences in the quality of care persist. Additional support is required to strengthen the primary care system nationwide.
Clustering driving styles via image processing
Authors: Zhu Rui , Wüthrich Mario V.
Published: October 2020

It has become of key interest in the insurance industry to understand and extract information from telematics car driving data. Telematics car driving data of individual car drivers can be summarised in so-called speed–acceleration heatmaps. The aim of this study is to cluster such speed–acceleration heatmaps to different categories by analysing similarities and differences in these heatmaps. Making use of local smoothness properties, we propose to process these heatmaps as RGB images. Clustering can then be achieved by involving supervised information via a transfer learning approach using the pre-trained AlexNet to extract discriminative features. The K-means algorithm is then applied on these extracted discriminative features for clustering. The experiment results in an improvement of heatmap clustering compared to classical approaches.
Die Bedeutung kritischer Lebensereignisse in der Kindheit für die psychische Gesundheit von Jugendlichen – Ergebnisse einer 10-Jahres-Katamnese
Authors: Schulz Wolfgang , Cornelius Janne , Supke Max
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: In einer Längsschnittstudie wird der Einfluss kritischer Lebensereignisse (KLE) im Kindesalter auf psychische Auffälligkeiten im Kindes- und Jugendalter untersucht. Dabei werden die elterlichen psychischen Belastungen und das elterliche Erziehungsverhalten als Mediatoren einbezogen. Die Überprüfung erfolgt mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellen, getrennt für mütterliche und väterliche Mediatoren. Methodik: Die Untersuchungsstichprobe besteht aus 249 Familien, die zu sechs Messzeitpunkten (Prä bis FU10) untersucht wurden; das Durchschnittsalter der Kinder betrug zu Prä 4 Jahre, das der Jugendlichen 10 Jahre später 14 Jahre (FU10). Die KLE wurden im Interview anhand einer vorgegebenen Liste erfragt. Ergebnisse: Bei den Müttern wird der Einfluss von KLE auf psychische Auffälligkeiten im Kindesalter durch ihre psychischen Belastungen und ihr dysfunktionales Erziehungsverhalten vollständig mediiert. Bei den Vätern ist der Mediationseffekt der psychischen Belastungen deutlich geringer als bei den Müttern (partielle Mediation); das Erziehungsverhalten hat keinen mediierenden Einfluss. Psychische Auffälligkeiten im Jugendalter lassen sich vor allem durch psychische Auffälligkeiten im Kindesalter vorhersagen. Zwischen internalisierenden und externalisierenden Störungen zeigen sich dabei keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede. Schlussfolgerungen: Die elterliche psychische Belastung und das Erziehungsverhalten, insbesondere der Mutter, liefern konkrete Ansatzpunkte für Präventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen. Zukünftige Studien sollten Mütter und Väter gleichermaßen einbeziehen, insbesondere sollte die Rolle von Vätern genauer untersucht werden.
Wirkt kognitive Verhaltenstherapie unter Praxisbedingungen?
Authors: Opelt Michaela , Risch Anne Katrin , Wilz Gabriele
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: In zahlreichen randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien wurde die Wirksamkeit kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) bei depressiven Patient_innen bereits bestätigt. Allerdings existieren bisher nur wenige naturalistische Studien unter Praxisbedingungen. Fragestellung: Wie hoch sind die Therapieeffekte und Responseraten bei depressiven Patient_innen einer Hochschulambulanz? Methode: 141 Patient_innen mit einer depressiven Episode oder rezidivierenden depressiven Störung wurden zu Therapiebeginn und -ende untersucht. Von 35 Patient_innen lagen zusätzlich Katamnesedaten vor. Ergebnisse: Prä-Post-Analysen zeigten signifikante Effektstärken im Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) von d = 1.23 (Intention-to-Treat) bzw. d = 1.24 (Completer). Im Beck Depressions-Inventar– II (BDI) lagen die Prä-Post-Effektstärken bei d = 1.85 (Intention-to-Treat) bzw. bei d = 1.84 (Completer) und blieben katamnestisch stabil. Die Responseraten befanden sich im BSI bei 46.1 % und im BDI bei 70.6 %. Schlussfolgerungen: Die ambulante Behandlung mit KVT bei depressiven Patient_innen ist auch unter Praxisbedingungen wirksam.
Warum nehmen Verhaltenstherapeut_innen an Fortbildungen teil?
Authors: Kühne Franziska , Maas Jana , Weck Florian
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Um psychotherapeutische Kompetenzen zu erhalten, kommt Fortbildungen eine zentrale Rolle zu. Fragestellung: Ziel war es, Verhaltenstherapeut_innen zu Motivatoren und Barrieren bezüglich der Teilnahme an Fortbildungen und zu Einstellungen zu evidenzbasierter Praxis zu befragen. Methode: In die Befragung einbezogen wurden N = 48 Teilnehmer_innen eines zweitägigen Workshops zu aktuellen Ansätzen der Traumatherapie. Fortbildungsmotivation, Teilnahmebarrieren und Einstellungen zu evidenzbasierter Praxis wurden in Zusammenhang mit der aktuellen Fortbildungsteilnahme geprüft. Ergebnisse: Der Wunsch nach beruflicher Verbesserung und persönliches Interesse motivierten am häufigsten, soziale Anreize und beruflicher Aufstieg waren weniger relevant. Die Vereinbarkeit von Fortbildungen mit der Arbeitstätigkeit und Fortbildungskosten waren häufige Barrieren. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse liefern Hinweise zur Diskussion des Konzepts der evidenzbasierten Psychotherapie und zur Dissemination wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse in die Praxis.
Gelingensfaktoren der Kompetenzentwicklung frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte im Umgang mit herausforderndem Verhalten in der Kindertageseinrichtung
Authors: Fröhlich-Gildhoff Klaus , Grasy-Tinius Claudia , Hoffer Rieke
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Kinder, deren Verhalten als herausfordernd erlebt wird, stellen für die Fachkräfte in Kindertageseinrichtungen oftmals eine Belastung dar; zudem werden weiterführende Hilfen oft nicht zeitnah eingeleitet. In diesem Beitrag werden die Evaluationsergebnisse aus zwei Praxisforschungsprojekten zusammengeführt, bei denen die Kompetenzen der Fachkräfte zur Begegnung mit herausforderndem Verhalten in einem Organisationsentwicklungsprozess der beteiligten Kitas weiterentwickelt wurden. Es konnten zudem Gelingensfaktoren für eine erfolgreiche Implementation identifiziert werden.
How Long Does Iron Linger in the Ocean’s Upper Layers?
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

A new study refines our understanding of marine residence times of iron, which supports carbon-sequestering sea life, offering valuable data to inform biogeochemical models.
Amplified Arctic Surface Warming and Sea Ice Loss Due to Phytoplankton and Colored Dissolved Material
Authors: Pefanis Vasileios , Losa Svetlana N. , Losch Martin , Janout Markus A. , Bracher Astrid
Published: October 2020

Optically active water constituents attenuate solar radiation and hence affect the vertical distribution of energy in the upper ocean. To understand their implications, we operate an ocean biogeochemical model coupled to a general circulation model with sea ice. Incorporating the effect of phytoplankton and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) on light attenuation in the model increases the sea surface temperature in summer and decreases sea ice concentration in the Arctic Ocean. Locally, the sea ice season is reduced by up to one month. CDOM drives a significant part of these changes, suggesting that an increase of this material will amplify the observed Arctic surface warming through its direct thermal effect. Indirectly, changing advective processes in the Nordic Seas may further intensify this effect. Our results emphasize the phytoplankton and CDOM feedbacks on the Arctic ocean and sea ice system and underline the need to consider these effects in future modeling studies to enhance their plausibility.
Stratigraphy of Ice and Ejecta Deposits at the Lunar Poles
Authors: Cannon Kevin M. , Deutsch Ariel N. , Head James W. , Britt Daniel T.
Published: October 2020

Water ice has been delivered to the lunar poles from different sources over billions of years, but this accumulation was punctuated by large impacts that excavated dry regolith from depth and emplaced it in layers over the poles. Here, we model the resulting stratigraphies of ice and ejecta deposits in the lunar polar regions. Large polar craters were age dated, and their ejecta distributions calculated with standard scaling relations. We then created a Monte Carlo model for ice deposition and ejecta emplacement. Typical model runs showed that deposits in older cold traps (>4 Ga) are divided into two zones: buried ice‐rich gigaton deposits and younger more gardened mantles. The latter are consistent with small crater morphometry measurements, but the existence of substantial ice buried at great depths is more difficult to confirm. Rare outlier model runs included Mercury‐like cases with significant deposition events in recent history (<200 Ma).
On the Relationship Between Shallow Cumulus Cloud Field Properties and Surface Solar Irradiance
Authors: Gristey Jake J. , Feingold Graham , Glenn Ian B. , Schmidt K. Sebastian , Chen Hong
Published: October 2020

Shallow cumulus clouds exhibit highly three‐dimensional (3‐D) spatial structure leading to complex variability in the surface solar irradiance (SSI) beneath. This variability is captured by the typically bimodal shape of the SSI probability density function (PDF). Using large eddy simulation to generate well‐resolved cloud fields and Monte Carlo 3‐D radiative transfer to reproduce realistic associated SSI PDFs, we seek direct relationships between the cloud field properties and the SSI PDF shape. Applying both random forest and artificial neural network algorithms, we find variations in the two modes of the SSI PDF are well predicted by just a handful of cloud field properties. The two algorithms utilize cloud properties similarly, with indistinguishable performance despite their different architectures. These results offer a marked improvement in realism relative to one‐dimensional radiative transfer while bypassing computationally expensive 3‐D radiative transfer, with immediate application to renewable energy assessments, and potential for several other geophysical applications.
Direct Observations of Near‐Inertial Wave ζ‐Refraction in a Dipole Vortex
Authors: Thomas Leif N. , Rainville Luc , Asselin Olivier , Young William R. , Girton James , Whalen Caitlin B. , Centurioni Luca , Hormann Verena
Published: October 2020

Generated at large horizontal scales by winds, near‐inertial waves (NIWs) are inefficient at radiating energy without a shift to smaller wavelengths. The lateral scales of NIWs can be reduced by gradients in the Coriolis parameter (β‐refraction) or in the vertical vorticity (ζ‐refraction) or by strain. Here we present ship‐based surveys of NIWs in a dipole vortex in the Iceland Basin that show, for the first time, direct evidence of ζ‐refraction. Differences in NIW phase across the dipole were observed to grow in time, generating a lateral wavelength that shrank at a rate consistent with ζ‐refraction, reaching ∼40 km in 1.5 days. Two days later, a NIW beam with an ∼13 km horizontal and ∼200 m vertical wavelength was detected at depth radiating energy downward and toward the dipole's anticyclone. Strain, while significant in strength in the dipole, had little direct effect on the NIWs.
Centennial Changes in the Indonesian Throughflow Connected to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: The Ocean's Transient Conveyor Belt
Authors: Sun Shantong , Thompson Andrew F.
Published: October 2020

Climate models consistently project a robust weakening of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in response to greenhouse gas forcing. Previous studies of ITF variability have largely focused on local processes in the Indo‐Pacific Basin. Here, we propose that much of the centennial‐scale ITF weakening is dynamically linked to changes in the Atlantic Basin and communicated between basins via wave processes. In response to an AMOC slowdown, the Indian Ocean develops a northward surface transport anomaly that converges mass and modifies sea surface height in the Indian Ocean, which weakens the ITF. We illustrate these dynamic interbasin connections using a 1.5‐layer reduced gravity model and then validate the responses in a comprehensive general circulation model. Our results highlight the importance of transient volume exchanges between the Atlantic and Indo‐Pacific basins in regulating the global ocean circulation in a changing climate.
Distribution of Aseismic Deformation Along the Central San Andreas and Calaveras Faults From Differencing Repeat Airborne Lidar
Authors: Scott Chelsea Phipps , DeLong Stephen B. , Arrowsmith J Ramón
Published: October 2020

Fault creep reduces seismic hazard and serves as a window into plate boundary processes; however, creep rates are typically constrained with sparse measurements. We use differential lidar topography (11–13 year time span) to measure a spatially dense surface deformation field along a 150 km section of the Central San Andreas and Calaveras faults. We use an optimized windowed‐iterative‐closest‐point approach to resolve independent creep rates every 400 m at 1–2 km apertures. Rates vary from <10 mm/year along the creeping fault ends to over 30 mm/year along much of the central 100 km of the fault. Creep rates are 3–8 mm/year higher than most rates from alignment arrays and creepmeters, likely due to the larger aperture of the topographic differencing. Creep is often focused along discrete fault traces, but strain is sometimes distributed in areas of complex fault geometry, such as Mustang Ridge. Our observations constrain shallow seismic moment accumulation and the location of the creeping fault trace.
Possible Transient Luminous Events Observed in Jupiter's Upper Atmosphere
Authors: Giles Rohini S. , Greathouse Thomas K. , Bonfond Bertrand , Gladstone G. Randall , Kammer Joshua A. , Hue Vincent , Grodent Denis C. , Gérard Jean‐Claude , Versteeg Maarten H. , Wong Michael H. , Bolton Scott J. , Connerney John E. P. , Levin Steven M.
Published: October 2020

Eleven transient bright flashes were detected in Jupiter's atmosphere using the ultraviolet spectrograph instrument on the Juno spacecraft. These bright flashes are only observed in a single spin of the spacecraft and their brightness decays exponentially with time, with a duration of ∼1.4 ms. The spectra are dominated by H2 Lyman band emission and based on the level of atmospheric absorption, we estimate a source altitude of 260 km above the 1‐bar level. Based on these characteristics, we suggest that these are observations of transient luminous events (TLEs) in Jupiter's upper atmosphere. In particular, we suggest that these are elves, sprites or sprite halos, three types of TLEs that occur in the Earth's upper atmosphere in response to tropospheric lightning strikes. This is supported by visible light imaging, which shows cloud features typical of lightning source regions at the locations of several of the bright flashes. TLEs have previously only been observed on Earth, although theoretical and experimental work has predicted that they should also be present on Jupiter.
The impact of endotrophin on the progression of chronic liver disease
Authors: Kim Min , Lee Changhu , Seo Dae Yun , Lee Hyojung , Horton Jay D. , Park Jiyoung , Scherer Philipp E.
Published: October 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease and can lead to multiple complications, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The fibrotic liver is characterized by the pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Type VI collagen alpha3 (Col6a3) is a biomarker of hepatic fibrosis, and its cleaved form, endotrophin (ETP), plays a critical role in adipose tissue dysfunction, insulin resistance, and breast cancer development. Here, we studied the effects of the Col6a3-derived peptide ETP on the progression of chronic liver diseases, such as NASH and liver cancer. We used a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible liver-specific ETP-overexpressing mouse model on a NAFLD-prone (liver-specific SREBP1a transgenic) background. For this, we evaluated the consequences of local ETP expression in the liver and its effect on hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and insulin resistance. Accumulation of ETP in the liver induced hepatic inflammation and the development of fibrosis with associated insulin resistance. Surprisingly, ETP overexpression also led to the emergence of liver cancer within 10 months in the SREBP1a transgenic background. Our data revealed that ETP can act as a “second hit” during the progression of NAFLD and can play an important role in the development of NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These observations firmly link elevated levels of ETP to chronic liver disease.
Tailored optical propulsion forces for controlled transport of resonant gold nanoparticles and associated thermal convective fluid flows
Authors: Rodrigo José A. , Angulo Mercedes , Alieva Tatiana
Published: October 2020

Noble metal nanoparticles illuminated at their plasmonic resonance wavelength turn into heat nanosources. This phenomenon has prompted the development of numerous applications in science and technology. Simultaneous optical manipulation of such resonant nanoparticles could certainly extend the functionality and potential applications of optothermal tools. In this article, we experimentally demonstrate optical transport of single and multiple resonant nanoparticles (colloidal gold spheres of radius 200 nm) directed by tailored transverse phase-gradient forces propelling them around a 2D optical trap. We show how the phase-gradient force can be designed to efficiently change the speed of the nanoparticles. We have found that multiple hot nanoparticles assemble in the form of a quasi-stable group whose motion around the laser trap is also controlled by such optical propulsion forces. This assembly experiences a significant increase in the local temperature, which creates an optothermal convective fluid flow dragging tracer particles into the assembly. Thus, the created assembly is a moving heat source controlled by the propulsion force, enabling indirect control of fluid flows as a micro-optofluidic tool. The existence of these flows, probably caused by the temperature-induced Marangoni effect at the liquid water/superheated water interface, is confirmed by tracking free tracer particles migrating towards the assembly. We propose a straightforward method to control the assembly size, and therefore its temperature, by using a nonuniform optical propelling force that induces the splitting or merging of the group of nanoparticles. We envision further development of microscale optofluidic tools based on these achievements.
Progress in the mechanism and targeted drug therapy for COPD
Authors: Wang Cuixue , Zhou Jiedong , Wang Jinquan , Li Shujing , Fukunaga Atsushi , Yodoi Junji , Tian Hai
Published: October 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis characterised by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. The prevalence of COPD has increased over the last decade and the drugs most commonly used to treat it, such as glucocorticoids and bronchodilators, have significant therapeutic effects; however, they also cause side effects, including infection and immunosuppression. Here we reviewed the pathogenesis and progression of COPD and elaborated on the effects and mechanisms of newly developed molecular targeted COPD therapeutic drugs. Among these new drugs, we focussed on thioredoxin (Trx). Trx effectively prevents the progression of COPD by regulating redox status and protease/anti-protease balance, blocking the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways, suppressing the activation and migration of inflammatory cells and the production of cytokines, inhibiting the synthesis and the activation of adhesion factors and growth factors, and controlling the cAMP-PKA and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. The mechanism by which Trx affects COPD is different from glucocorticoid-based mechanisms which regulate the inflammatory reaction in association with suppressing immune responses. In addition, Trx also improves the insensitivity of COPD to steroids by inhibiting the production and internalisation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Taken together, these findings suggest that Trx may be the ideal drug for treating COPD.
Light-sheet fluorescence imaging charts the gastrula origin of vascular endothelial cells in early zebrafish embryos
Authors: Pang Meijun , Bai Linlu , Zong Weijian , Wang Xu , Bu Ye , Xiong Connie , Zheng Jiyuan , Li Jieyi , Gao Weizheng , Feng Zhiheng , Chen Liangyi , Zhang Jue , Cheng Heping , Zhu Xiaojun , Xiong Jing-Wei
Published: October 2020

It remains challenging to construct a complete cell lineage map of the origin of vascular endothelial cells in any vertebrate embryo. Here, we report the application of in toto light-sheet fluorescence imaging of embryos to trace the origin of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) at single-cell resolution in zebrafish. We first adapted a previously reported method to embryo mounting and light-sheet imaging, created an alignment, fusion, and extraction all-in-one software (AFEIO) for processing big data, and performed quantitative analysis of cell lineage relationships using commercially available Imaris software. Our data revealed that vascular ECs originated from broad regions of the gastrula along the dorsal–ventral and anterior–posterior axes, of which the dorsal–anterior cells contributed to cerebral ECs, the dorsal–lateral cells to anterior trunk ECs, and the ventral–lateral cells to posterior trunk and tail ECs. Therefore, this work, to our knowledge, charts the first comprehensive map of the gastrula origin of vascular ECs in zebrafish, and has potential applications for studying the origin of any embryonic organs in zebrafish and other model organisms.
Correction to: Prevalence of the mitochondrial 1555 A>G and 1494 C>T mutations in a community-dwelling population in Japan
Authors: Maeda Yasunori , Sasaki Akira , Kasai Shuya , Goto Shinichi , Nishio Shin-ya , Sawada Kaori , Tokuda Itoyo , Itoh Ken , Usami Shin-ichi , Matsubara Atsushi
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.