bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N6‐methyladenosine modification of RNA controls dopamine synthesis to influence labour division in ants
Authors: Chen Jie , Guan Ziying , Sun Lina , Fan Xinlin , Wang Desen , Yu Xiaoqiang , Lyu Lihua , Qi Guojun
Published: March 2024

The N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA has been reported to remodel gene expression in response to environmental conditions; however, the biological role of m6A in social insects remains largely unknown. In this study, we explored the role of m6A in the division of labour by worker ants (Solenopsis invicta). We first determined the presence of m6A in RNAs from the brains of worker ants and found that m6A methylation dynamics differed between foragers and nurses. Depletion of m6A methyltransferase or chemical suppression of m6A methylation in foragers resulted in a shift to ‘nurse‐like’ behaviours. Specifically, mRNAs of dopamine receptor 1 (Dop1) and dopamine transporter (DAT) were modified by m6A, and their expression increased dopamine levels to promote the behavioural transition from foragers to nurses. The abundance of Dop1 and DAT mRNAs and their stability were reduced by the inhibition of m6A modification caused by the silencing of Mettl3, suggesting that m6A modification in worker ants modulates dopamine synthesis, which regulates labour division. Collectively, our results provide the first example of the epitranscriptomic regulation of labour division in social insects and implicate m6A regulatory mechanism as a potential novel target for controlling red imported fire ants.
DP7‐C/mir‐26a system promotes bone regeneration by remodeling the osteogenic immune microenvironment
Authors: Huang Jie , Yang Yiling , Zhu Yushu , Xiao Xun , Yalikun Kaidiliya , Jiang Xiliang , Yang Li , Mu Yandong
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study investigates the DP7‐C/miR‐26a complex as a stable entity resulting from the combination of miR‐26a with the immunomodulatory peptide DP7‐C. Our focus is on utilizing DP7‐C loaded with miR‐26a to modulate the immune microenvironment in bone and facilitate osteogenesis.

Methods

The DP7‐C/miR‐26a complex was characterized through transmission electron microscopy, agarose electrophoresis, and nanoparticle size potentiometer analysis. Transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of DP7‐C were assessed using flow cytometry and the CCK‐8 assay. We validated the effects of DP7‐C/miR‐26a on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and macrophages RAW 264.7 through gene expression and protein synthesis assays. A comprehensive evaluation of appositional bone formation involved micro‐CT imaging, histologic analysis, and immunohistochemical staining.

Results

DP7‐C/miR‐26a, a nanoscale, and low‐toxic cationic complex, demonstrated the ability to enter BMSCs and RAW 264.7 via distinct pathways. The treatment with DP7‐C/miR‐26a significantly increased the synthesis of multiple osteogenesis‐related factors in BMSCs, facilitating calcium nodule formation in vitro. Furthermore, DP7‐C/miR‐26a promoted M1 macrophage polarization toward M2 while suppressing the release of inflammatory factors. Coculture studies corroborated these findings, indicating significant repair of rat skull defects following treatment with DP7‐C/miR‐26a.

Conclusion

The DP7‐C/miR‐26a system offers a safer, more efficient, and feasible technical means for treating bone defects.
« La liberté, c'est le vent ». Histoire et humanisme dans Le chant du retour de Vera Feyder
Authors: Niedokos Judyta
Published: March 2024

Le présent article se propose d'analyser le lien entre l'histoire et l'humanisme dans une pièce de théâtre de l'écrivaine belge Vera Feyder, intitulée Le chant du retour (1989). Commandé par la ville d'Arras pour célébrer le bicentenaire de la Révolution française et le révolutionnaire arrageois Maximilien de Robespierre, le drame amène dans l'action contemporaine la couche historique à travers l'idée de l'Arbre de la liberté, la reconstruction d'un événement historique ainsi que l'intertextualité assise sur des chansons révolutionnaires. L'idée d'humanisme présente dans la pièce est analysée en référence à ses trois caractéristiques définies par Tzvetan Todorov dans Le jardin imparfait: l'autonomie du je, la finalité du tu et l'universalité des ils. Finalement, l'article analyse le rôle de l'art en tant que porteur d'histoire d'humanisme.
Dermoscopy of hypopigmented macules unveiling genetic diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex type 2 in an infant presenting with sacral chordoma
Authors: Sharma Ananya , Aggarwal Bhawana , Kakkar Aanchal , Pandey Niraj Nirmal , Taneja Neha
Published: March 2024

A 2‐month‐old male with surgically resected sacral chordoma presented with multiple hypopigmented macules showing characteristic patchy, sharply demarcated areas of pigment network on dermoscopy. These dermoscopic findings were suggestive of the ash‐leaf macules of tuberous sclerosis over other common hypopigmented macules in neonates. Chordomas presenting in early childhood in the sacral location have been reported as a rare manifestation of tuberous sclerosis complex. The combination of these findings led to a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis, confirmed with the finding of a heterozygous TSC2 gene deletion; treatment with sirolimus resulted in regression of cardiac rhabdomyomas and hypopigmented macules.
Systemic racism and racial inequities in periodontal health: The long journey from upstream determinants to downstream treatment
Authors: Fleming Eleanor , Taylor George W. , Neighbors Harold Woody
Published: March 2024

Racial disparities in the prevalence of periodontal disease are consistent and persistent. The epidemiology of periodontal disease demonstrates racial inequities: non‐Hispanic Black (14.7%), Mexican American (13.4%), and other Hispanic adults (7.8%) experience a higher prevalence of severe periodontal disease than non‐Hispanic White adults (5.9%). Epidemiologic and clinical research on periodontal health suffers from the same problem that has plagued the health equity movement, an over emphasis on describing racial inequities coupled with few interventions that reduce racial health inequity. Over the decades that racial inequities in periodontal disease have been observed, many have argued that systemic racism is the fundamental driver of racial health inequity. This paper interrogates the roles of systemic racism, dental education, clinical treatment, and patient behavior in periodontal disease. We describe how, together, these mechanisms contribute to racial disparities in periodontal outcomes. However, it is insufficient for oral health equity scientists to only describe and discuss the negative effects of systemic racism. The imperative is to create antiracist strategies designed to eliminate systemic racism. Health equity scientists must also specify how dental systems operate in a racist manner and create effective clinical strategies designed to reduce racial disparities in periodontal disease.
Professional burnout among expert physicians, patient‐focused care, and trust in top management: Moving forward
Authors: Gabay Gillie
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Professional burnout in physicians is perceived as an inevitable occupational hazard inhibiting patient‐focused care, the preferred approach of care, which enhances satisfaction of physicians with their work and improves clinical outcomes. Burnout jeopardizes the physical, mental, and emotional health of physicians, inhibiting high‐quality care. Most individual‐driven interventions and job‐level interventions to reduce burnout proved inefficient or reduced burnout for only a short term. The potential of organizational processes to reduce burnout was acknowledged but is yet to be empirically tested. Drawing on social exchange theory, this study investigates the role of an organizational phenomenon, organizational trust among physicians in top management, on burnout.

Methods

Data were collected across specialties in 10 out of 20 Israeli public general hospitals. The sample comprised 798 senior expert physicians. Measures were all previously published. Structural equation modeling was performed.

Results

Response rates ranged from 17% to 77% across the 10 hospitals. Mean burnout was 4.7 (SD = 0.68), mean patient‐focused care was 3.9 (SD = 0.79), and mean organizational trust was 3.7 (SD = 0.84). Mean burnout for women was 5.6 and for physicians from internal medicine was 5.5. The structural equation modeling supported the proposed study model, which explained 45% of burnout. Organizational trust reduced burnout by 14%.

Discussion

Efforts to reduce burnout should integrate effective individual‐level and job‐level interventions with building trust among physicians in top management through implementing the paramount professional value of patient‐focused care.

Conclusions

Perceiving management, among physicians, as facilitating the value of patient‐focused care led to organizational trust in top management, which was negatively associated with burnout.
The missing ingredient: Medical student insights to inform and enhance learner handover
Authors: Conway Clare , McKeague Helena , Harney Sarah
Published: March 2024

Background

Learner handover (LH) is the passing on of information about students between educators. In light of broad acceptance that LH can improve learner support experiences and performance outcomes, those involved are seeking greater governance to achieve practical, effective handover implementation. Stakeholder consultation can inform and enable the co‐creation of meaningful, robust practice guidance. This study sought to address the gap in literature around in‐depth learner opinion, a key element so far overlooked.

Methods

This qualitative study (2022) investigated undergraduate medical student perspectives on appropriate tutor information‐sharing at the University of Limerick School of Medicine (ULSoM). The findings build upon an educator focus group study published by the authors (2021). Eleven participants were recruited to represent the typical graduate‐entry medical school programme population across years 1–4 of study. Their understanding and expectations of “learner handover” were explored qualitatively, using online, individual, semi‐structured interviews. Inductive transcript coding and thematic data analysis were applied to illustrate learner insights.

Findings

Emergent themes included shared values, individual context and collaborative process, with ideas proposed for specific action around student education, staff training, mental health support, and documented procedures.

Discussion

Consent, system transparency, data security and the development of positive handover culture were revealed as current needs. Student perspectives, together existing LH literature and highlighted aspects of educational theory, allowed the creation a new conceptual LH framework as a foundation for practice improvement.

Conclusion

These findings provide clarity and contextual understanding, mainly from a pre‐clinical phase learner standpoint, with pragmatic suggestions to enhance LH appeal.
Experiences of junior doctors who shielded during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Martin Amy
Published: March 2024

Background

Shielding was introduced to protect clinically extremely vulnerable people during the COVID‐19 pandemic. For junior doctors who had to shield, this meant pausing in‐person clinical duties to protect their health. There is limited literature regarding this, and the available evidence is predominantly surveys or blogs that describe mainly negative experiences including guilt, isolation, inadequate support and Return To Work (RTW) concerns. Exploring the experiences of this group is valuable to understand the impact on them, and their support needs moving forward.

Methods

This was a qualitative study using individual semi‐structured interviews. Three junior doctors were recruited using volunteer and snowball sampling. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings

Seven themes were finalised: (1) Professional value, (2) Threatened autonomy, (3) Self‐motivated, (4) Educational impact, (5) Mental health, (6) Inadequate support and (7) Return To Work concerns.

Discussion

Participant experiences largely reflected the evidence base including increased skill and knowledge acquisition, alongside guilt, isolation and inadequate support whilst shielding and upon RTW. These findings add valuable qualitative data to a scarcity of literature. However, caution should be applied when transferring these findings to other junior doctors, noting the small sample and regional setting. A small research grant has been secured for further research with a larger sample size incorporating the supervisor perspective.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that shielding was a challenging experience for these junior doctors including impacts on mental health and insufficient support. This lack of support requires further attention to refine and strengthen available support structures.
Histoplasma capsulatum tenosynovitis: An unusual presentation in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Alza‐Arcila Jhongert , Ramírez‐Sánchez Isabel Cristina , Diaz‐Sanabria Ricardo Augusto
Published: March 2024

Histoplasmosis is an expected endemic mycosis in solid organ transplant recipients and occurs as a primary infection, reactivation, or, rarely, acquired from an infected allograft. Reactivation is favored by maintenance immunosuppression or anti‐rejection therapy, which facilitates the appearance of disseminated forms as well as unusual presentations. We present the case of a 66‐year‐old woman with isolated tenosynovitis due to Histoplasma capsulatum 25 years after a kidney transplant.
Collaboration in documentary filmmaking and its discontents: Reflections from the field
Authors: Schrago Sophie
Published: March 2024

Collaborative practice can sometimes be flawed and exploitative. Drawing on my ethnographic fieldwork within an Indian Muslim women's organization, my article examines the co‐creative practice and its pitfalls and what it ultimately reveals about reflexivity and the politics of (self)representation. I discuss how my attempt at making a collaborative/co‐authored film project with my research participants became difficult to realize in its theoretical and methodological intent, for the collaborators inevitably fall across different positionalities and accesses to power. Rather than succeeding at co‐writing the film, the experience revealed how the power dynamics can be even more pronounced in collaborative filmmaking practice.
“Come to life” realism: View‐Master reels and the legacy of stereoscopic imperialism
Authors: Guedes Gabbi
Published: March 2024

I argue that View‐Master reels upheld the colonial legacy of previous stereoscopic depictions of Indigenous subjects while inaugurating new methods of asserting power in exhibition via its ease of use and “black‐box” structure. Further, focusing on the instrumentalization of stereoscopy allows us to think through how these images intervene in the history of the representation of Indigenous subjects across image media and histories of photographic technology and consumption. In sum, although stereoscopy functions as a marketable tool for narrativizing colonial power, its affective qualities and historical contexts complicate fantasies of unilateral viewing and domination and bring forth histories of resistance.
Time course changes in in vivo muscle mechanical function and Ca2+ regulation of force following experimentally induced gradual ovarian failure in mice
Authors: Hinks Avery , Dalton Benjamin E. , Mashouri Parastoo , Flewwelling Luke D. , Pyle William Glen , Cheng Arthur J. , Power Geoffrey A.
Published: March 2024

The abrupt cessation of ovarian hormone release is associated with declines in muscle contractile function, yet the impact of gradual ovarian failure on muscle contractility across peri‐, early‐ and late‐stage menopause remains unclear. In this study, a 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)‐induced ovarian failure mouse model was used to examine time course changes in muscle mechanical function. Plantar flexors of female mice (VCD: n = 10; CON: n = 8) were assessed at 40 (early perimenopause), 80 (late perimenopause), 120 (menopause onset) and 176 (late menopause) days post‐initial VCD injection. A torque–frequency relationship was established across a range of frequencies (10–200 Hz). Isotonic dynamic contractions were elicited against relative loads (10–80% maximal isometric torque) to determine the torque–velocity–power relationship. Mice then performed a fatigue task using intermittent 100 Hz isometric contractions until torque dropped by 60%. Recovery of twitch, 10 Hz and 100 Hz torque were tracked for 10 min post‐task failure. Additionally, intact muscle fibres from the flexor digitorum brevis underwent a fatigue task (50 repetitions at 70 Hz), and 10 and 100 Hz tetanic [Ca2+] were monitored for 10 min afterward. VCD mice exhibited 16% lower twitch torque than controls across all time points. Apart from twitch torque, 10 Hz torque and 10 Hz tetanic [Ca2+], where VCD showed greater values relative to pre‐fatigue during recovery, no significant differences were observed between control and VCD mice during recovery. These results indicate that gradual ovarian failure has minimal detriments to in vivo muscle mechanical function, with minor alterations observed primarily for low‐frequency stimulation during recovery from fatigue.
Exploring functional genes’ correlation with (
S
)-equol concentration and new daidzein racemase identification
Authors: Hu Yun-Fei , Luo Shu , Wang Sheng-Qi , Chen Ke-Xin , Zhong Wei-Xuan , Li Bai-Yuan , Cao Lin-Yan , Chen Hua-Hai , Yin Ye-Shi
Published: March 2024

With its estrogenic activity, (
S
)-equol plays an important role in maintaining host health and preventing estrogen-related diseases. Exclusive production occurs through the transformation of soy isoflavones by intestinal bacteria, but the reasons for variations in (
S
)-equol production among different individuals and species remain unclear. Here, fecal samples from humans, pigs, chickens, mice, and rats were used as research objects. The concentrations of (
S
)-equol, along with the genetic homology and evolutionary relationships of (
S
)-equol production-related genes [daidzein reductase (DZNR), daidzein racemase (DDRC), dihydrodaidzein reductase (DHDR), tetrahydrodaidzein reductase (THDR)], were analyzed. Additionally,
in vitro
functional verification of the newly identified DDRC gene was conducted. It was found that approximately 40% of human samples contained (
S
)-equol, whereas 100% of samples from other species contained (
S
)-equol. However, there were significant variations in (
S)-
equol content among the different species: rats > pigs > chickens > mice > humans. The distributions of the four genes displayed species-specific patterns. High detection rates across various species were exhibited by
DHDR
,
THDR
, and
DDRC
. In contrast, substantial variations in detection rates among different species and individuals were observed with respect to
DZNR
. It appears that various types of
DZNR
may be associated with different concentrations of (
S)-
equol, which potentially correspond to the regulatory role during (
S)-
equol synthesis. This enhances our understanding of individual variations in (
S
)-equol production and their connection with functional genes
in vitro
. Moreover, the newly identified DDRC exhibits higher potential for (
S)-
equol synthesis compared to the known DDRC, providing valuable resources for advancing
in vitro
(
S)-
equol production.

IMPORTANCE

(
S
)-equol ((
S
)-EQ) plays a crucial role in maintaining human health, along with its known capacity to prevent and treat various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, osteoporosis, diabetes, brain-related diseases, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and inflammation. However, factors affecting individual variations in (
S
)-EQ production and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. This study examines the association between functional genes and (
S
)-EQ production, highlighting a potential correlation between the DZNR gene and (
S
)-EQ content. Various types of DZNR may be linked to the regulation of (
S
)-EQ synthesis. Furthermore, the identification of a new DDRC gene offers promising prospects for enhancing in vitro (
S
)-EQ production.
Cathelicidin boosts the antifungal activity of neutrophils and improves prognosis during
Aspergillus fumigatus
keratitis
Authors: Hou Xiaochen , Li Cui , Liu Jingyi , Yang Shanshan , Peng Xudong , Wang Qian , Liu Chengxiu , Liu Xing , Luan Junjie , Zhao Guiqiu , Lin Jing
Published: March 2024

Aspergillus fumigatus
(
A. fumigatus
) is one of the common pathogens of fungal keratitis. Fungal growth and invasion cause excessive inflammation and corneal damage, leading to severe vision loss. Neutrophils are the primary infiltrating cells critical for fungal clearance. Cathelicidin [LL-37 in humans and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) in mice], a natural antimicrobial peptide, can directly inhibit the growth of many pathogens and regulate immune responses. However, the role of cathelicidin and its effect on neutrophils in
A. fumigatus
keratitis remain unclear. By establishing
A. fumigatus
keratitis mouse models, we found that cathelicidin was increased in
A. fumigatus
keratitis. It could reduce fungal loads, lower clinical scores, and improve corneal transparency. Restriction of CRAMP on fungal proliferation was largely counteracted in

CD18
−/−

mice, in which neutrophils cannot migrate into infected sites. When WT neutrophils were transferred into

CD18
−/−

mice, corneal fungal loads were distinctly reduced, indicating that neutrophils are vital for CRAMP-mediated resistance. Furthermore, cathelicidin promoted neutrophils to phagocytose and degrade conidia both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) was reported to be a functional receptor of LL-37 on neutrophils. CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 or phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122 weakened LL-37-induced phagocytosis. Meanwhile, LL-37 induced PLC γ phosphorylation, which was attenuated by SB225002. SB225002 or the autophagy inhibitors Bafilomycin-A1 and 3-Methyladenine weakened LL-37-induced degradation of conidia. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observed that LL-37 increased autophagosomes in
Aspergillus
-infected neutrophils. Consistently, LL-37 elevated autophagy-associated protein expressions (Beclin-1 and LC3-II), but this effect was weakened by SB225002. Collectively, cathelicidin reduces fungal loads and improves the prognosis of
A. fumigatus
keratitis. Both
in vitro
and
in vivo
, cathelicidin promotes neutrophils to phagocytose and degrade conidia. LL-37/CXCR2 activates PLC γ to amplify neutrophils′ phagocytosis and induces autophagy to eliminate intracellular conidia.
Supplemental Material: Rehydrated glass embayments record the cooling of a Yellowstone ignimbrite
Authors: Befus Kenneth S. , al. et
Published: March 2024

Summary of H2O contents of the embayments, Figures S1–S2, and Tables S1–S2. 
Supplemental Material: Moderate magnitude clockwise rotation of the Yunlong Basin: Implications for synchronous Eocene rotation of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xu Wanlong , al. et
Published: March 2024

Figure S1: E/I inclination shallowing corrections of the ChRM directions from the studied Yunlong Formation. Table S1: Cretaceous–Oligocene paleomagnetic results from the Lanping-Simao terrane and the eastern Qiangtang terrane. Table S2: Paleomagnetic rotation results in the Gonjo, Mangkang, Lanping, Yunlong and Mengla area. 
Association between individual-level socioeconomic factors and intimate partner violence victimisation in women: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Reyal Haizana Parween , Dissanayake Nayomi , Gunarathna Harsha , Soysa Dilukshi , Fernando Manoj Sanjeewa , Senarathna Lalith
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health problem. Although both men and women experience IPV, the burden is more on women. To address IPV effectively, it is important to understand the factors that cause IPV including the socioeconomic factors. However, there is an inadequacy of knowledge on how socioeconomic factors at different levels affect IPV. Hence, the objective is to review the individual-level socioeconomic factors associated with IPV victimisation of women and girls.

Methods and analysis

The search strategy was developed to identify publications from January 2010 to 30 June 2024. The selected electronic databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct will be searched. The eligibility criteria for data collection are based on participants/population (women and girls), exposure (socioeconomic factors) and outcome (IPV). In primary search, the title and abstracts will be screened and reference lists of selected articles will be screened for additional studies. Two researchers will independently screen the articles, and in any disagreements, a third researcher will be consulted. The data will be tabulated to present the study and participant characteristics, comparison descriptors between victims and non-victims, inclusion and exclusion criteria, primary and secondary outcomes data, results, limitations and implications. A quality assessment will be performed on the selected studies to avoid bias. A narrative synthesis will summarise the findings.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was waived because only secondary data are used. The protocol will be published, and the findings will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022373535.
文化认同与价值观之侨易
Authors: 范 捷平
Published: March 2024

本文采用 “侨易学” 基本原理和方法，对温州文成县旅欧移民群体——胡氏家族的家书遗存进行 “观侨阐理”、“取象说易”、“察变寻异” 式的案例研究。研究证实，海外移民中华文化价值认同是一个多维度动态系统，既有相对稳定，也有动态变易的状态。价值观动态变化取决于具体的侨易条件，即移民在侨居空间内的诸多社会文化影响因素。
Effect of Rare-Earth Compounds on the Photocatalytic Performance of ZnIn2S4: A Review
Authors: Jia Dongsheng , Li Ying
Published: March 2024

Semiconductor photocatalysis is considered one of the efficient and clean environmental technologies in the treatment of organic dye wastewater. Indium zinc sulfide (ZnIn2S4) is favored among many photocatalysts because of its narrow-forbidden bandwidth, good visible light absorption properties, suitable conduction and valence band positions, high chemical stability, low cost, easy preparation and low toxicity. However, indium zinc sulfide (ZnIn2S4) still faces the disadvantages of low visible light utilization and high photogenerated carrier complexation rate. In this paper, we introduce rare-earth ion doping and heterojunction of rare-earth oxides with ZnIn2S4 to improve photocatalytic efficiency, and we also review the current research status and development prospects of indium zinc sulfide in recent years.
Comparison of Approaches for Assessing Linearity of Impedance Measurements
Authors: Min Goh Jie , Eluagu Cynthia , Babauta Jerome , Orazem Mark E.
Published: March 2024

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments are inherently nonlinear for systems affected by faradaic reactions. The methods used to determine whether an experiment is sufficiently linear include observation of current as a function of potential, known as Lissajous plots, measurement of total harmonic distortion, and post-experiment assessment of consistency with the Kramers–Kronig relations. An experimental approach is employed to compare sensitivity of these methods to determination of nonlinear response in electrochemical impedance measurements. The Lissajous figures showed linear behavior for a total harmonic distortion equivalent to 1 percent of the fundamental; whereas, the measurement model analysis revealed nonlinear behavior only for larger perturbation amplitudes.
Lower uromodulin serum levels are associated with poorer prognosis in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome type 2
Authors: Schleicher Eva Maria , Gairing Simon Johannes , Castven Darko , Hock Charlotte Sophie , Dobbermann Henrike , Heinrich Sophia , Meineck Myriam , Kaps Leonard , Galle Peter Robert , Weinmann-Menke Julia , Nguyen-Tat Marc , Marquardt Jens U. , Labenz Christian
Published: March 2024

Biomarkers identifying patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and poor response to therapy are urgently needed. In this study, lower serum uromodulin (sUMOD) levels were associated with poorer response to therapy with terlipressin and albumin and consequently with poorer prognosis in patients with HRS type 2. In patients with HRS type 1, there was no association between sUMOD and poorer prognosis.
Optimization of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Production from Sesame Waste by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Mousavi Marjan , Hojjatoleslamy Mohammad , Mousavi Zeinab Ebrahimzadeh , Kiani Hossein , Jalali Seyed Mohammaď Ali
Published: March 2024

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have been recognized for their physiological functions and potential as dietary supplements. This study is aimed at investigating the production and enhancing the efficiency of these two acids from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum using sesame waste as a natural, cost-effective, and readily available culture medium. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the production of CLA and EPA in a solid bed system using sesame waste paste as the fermentation substrate. The main processing parameters, including three humidity levels (60%, 70%, and 80%), three inoculum percentages (2%, 4%, and 6% v/v), and three fermentation temperatures (30°C, 37°C, and 44°C), were optimized. An experiment was conducted to validate the determined conditions, and a strong correlation was observed between the experimental results and the predictions made by the software. The optimal conditions for CLA and EPA production were determined to be an inoculation level of 6% with 80% humidity and at 37°C. Gas chromatography analysis of the fermented sesame waste medium revealed that the highest yields of CLAc9t11 and CLAt10c12, as well as eicosapentaenoic acid, were obtained in the medium fermented with 80% humidity and 6% inoculation at 37°C. The respective percentages of these fatty acids in the total fatty acid composition were found to be 0.351% (w/v) and 0.1% (w/v) for CLA and 0.139% (w/v) for EPA under the optimized conditions. These findings contribute to the understanding of CLA and EPA production and highlight the potential of L. plantarum and sesame waste as a fermentation substrate for their efficient production.
Influence of Inlet and Outlet Area Ratio on Intake Port Flow Capacity
Authors: Rui Jingmin , Li Jiangjiang , Feng Chenhong , Shi Zhongjie , Li Dehai
Published: March 2024

The flow capacity of the intake port has a great influence on the charging efficiency of the internal combustion engine, affecting the engine’s performance, so it is critical to improve the intake port flow capacity. In this paper, the intake port numerical model was established, and the influence of the inlet and outlet area ratio on intake port flow capacity was studied. The results show that, under the same condition of relative pressure difference, the intake port discharge coefficient increases sharply and then slowly with an increase in area ratio. Under the same condition of area ratio, the discharge coefficient is only determined by relative pressure difference and decreases with an increase of relative pressure difference when the inlet and outlet area ratio>1. The optimal area ratio decreases and then converges with an increase in relative pressure difference. When the intake port is designed, the optimal area ratio under the working condition of a smaller relative pressure difference should be applied in order to ensure the discharge coefficient is optimal under all working conditions.
Theory and Application of Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Line Graphs
Authors: Tola Keneni Abera , Repalle V. N. Srinivasa Rao , Ashebo Mamo Abebe
Published: March 2024

Neutrosophic graphs are used to model inconsistent information and imprecise data about any real-life problem. It is regarded as a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy graphs. Since interval-valued neutrosophic sets are more accurate, compatible, and flexible than single neutrosophic sets, interval-valued neutrosophic graphs (IVNGs) were defined. The interval-valued neutrosophic graph is a fundamental issue in graph theory that has wide applications in the real world. Also, problems may arise when partial ignorance exists in the datasets of membership [0, 1], and then, the concept of IVNG is crucial to represent the problems. Line graphs of neutrosophic graphs are significant due to their ability to represent and analyze uncertain or indeterminate information about edge relationships and complex networks in graphs. However, there is a research gap on the line graph of interval-valued neutrosophic graphs. In this paper, we introduce the theory of an interval-valued neutrosophic line graph (IVNLG) and its application. In line with that, some mathematical properties such as weak vertex isomorphism, weak edge isomorphism, effective edge, and other properties of IVNLGs are proposed. In addition, we defined the vertex degree of IVNLG with some properties, and by presenting several theorems and propositions, the relationship between fuzzy graph extensions and IVNLGs was explored. Finally, an overview of the algorithm used to solve the problems and the practical application of the introduced graphs were provided.
Prevalence of Stroke in Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease Pre‐ and during Hydroxyurea Uses: A Descriptive Cross‐Sectional Study in Tanzania
Authors: Moshi Belinda Nestory , Philipo Erick G. , Kileo Nancy F. , Matobo Joseph , Yondu Emili , Ikunda Dionis , Kandonga Daniel , Luhulla Koga M. , Kilonzi Manase
Published: March 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that leads to a variety of complications, including stroke. The use of hydroxyurea (HU) is reported to lessen the frequency and burden of stroke in SCD patients. However, less is known about the prevalence of stroke in SCD patients pre‐ and during the use of HU in sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries. Therefore, the study assessed stroke prevalence before and during uses of hydroxyurea among SCD patients in Tanzania. A hospital‐based descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted at the sickle cell clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from April 2023 to May 2023. A total of 228 participants were recruited, and data on demographic and clinical characteristics, HU use, and history of stroke were collected using a checklist from the respective patients’ medical records and verbal communication with the patients or caregivers. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 25, and findings are summarized using frequency and percentages. Out of 228 enrolled SCD patients, 124 (54.4%) were females, 109 (47.8%) were aged between 6 and 12 years, 226 (99.1%) were not married, 181 (79.4%) had primary education, and 209 (95%) were unemployed. The prevalence of stroke pre‐HU use was 28 (12.3%) and 6 (2.6%) after starting using HU. Out of 6 with stroke after starting using HU, 3 (50%) had a history of stroke pre‐HU uses. The study showed that the prevalence of stroke among SCD patients is significantly reduced after HU use. The findings suggest the need for stakeholders to implement measures to ensure eligible SCD patients are kept on HU.
Supplementary Table S2 from Activity of the Ubiquitin-activating Enzyme Inhibitor TAK-243 in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines, Patient-derived Organoids, and Murine Xenografts
Authors: Arakawa Yasuhiro , Jo Ukhyun , Kumar Suresh , Sun Nai-Yun , Elloumi Fathi , Thomas Anish , Roper Nitin , Varghese Diana Grace , Takebe Naoko , Zhang Xiaohu , Ceribelli Michele , Holland David O. , Beck Erin , Itkin Zina , McKnight Crystal , Wilson Kelli M. , Travers Jameson , Klumpp-Thomas Carleen , Thomas Craig J. , Hoang Chuong D. , Hernandez Jonathan M. , Del Rivero Jaydira , Pommier Yves
Published: March 2024

Screening for drugs synergistic with TAK-243
Supplementary Figure S1 from Activity of the Ubiquitin-activating Enzyme Inhibitor TAK-243 in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines, Patient-derived Organoids, and Murine Xenografts
Authors: Arakawa Yasuhiro , Jo Ukhyun , Kumar Suresh , Sun Nai-Yun , Elloumi Fathi , Thomas Anish , Roper Nitin , Varghese Diana Grace , Takebe Naoko , Zhang Xiaohu , Ceribelli Michele , Holland David O. , Beck Erin , Itkin Zina , McKnight Crystal , Wilson Kelli M. , Travers Jameson , Klumpp-Thomas Carleen , Thomas Craig J. , Hoang Chuong D. , Hernandez Jonathan M. , Del Rivero Jaydira , Pommier Yves
Published: March 2024

Bortezomib concentration-response curve. Relationship between TAK243 activity and MDR1 and SLFN11 expression.
FIGURE 5 from Activity of the Ubiquitin-activating Enzyme Inhibitor TAK-243 in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines, Patient-derived Organoids, and Murine Xenografts
Authors: Arakawa Yasuhiro , Jo Ukhyun , Kumar Suresh , Sun Nai-Yun , Elloumi Fathi , Thomas Anish , Roper Nitin , Varghese Diana Grace , Takebe Naoko , Zhang Xiaohu , Ceribelli Michele , Holland David O. , Beck Erin , Itkin Zina , McKnight Crystal , Wilson Kelli M. , Travers Jameson , Klumpp-Thomas Carleen , Thomas Craig J. , Hoang Chuong D. , Hernandez Jonathan M. , Del Rivero Jaydira , Pommier Yves
Published: March 2024

Synergy between TAK-243 and mitotane. A, Top: The indicated ACC cell lines were treated with TAK-243 with or without mitotane for 72 hours. Bottom: CI values were calculated and plotted. B, Enhanced induction of apoptosis by the TAK-243 + mitotane combination was measured as caspase-3 cleavage. C, Enhanced UPR induction by the TAK-243 + mitotane combination. CU-ACC2 cells were treated with or without mitotane (40 µmol/L) for 24 hours before adding the indicated concentrations of TAK-243 for 4 hours. UPR proteins were evaluated by Western blotting.
FIGURE 2 from Activity of the Ubiquitin-activating Enzyme Inhibitor TAK-243 in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines, Patient-derived Organoids, and Murine Xenografts
Authors: Arakawa Yasuhiro , Jo Ukhyun , Kumar Suresh , Sun Nai-Yun , Elloumi Fathi , Thomas Anish , Roper Nitin , Varghese Diana Grace , Takebe Naoko , Zhang Xiaohu , Ceribelli Michele , Holland David O. , Beck Erin , Itkin Zina , McKnight Crystal , Wilson Kelli M. , Travers Jameson , Klumpp-Thomas Carleen , Thomas Craig J. , Hoang Chuong D. , Hernandez Jonathan M. , Del Rivero Jaydira , Pommier Yves
Published: March 2024

Cytotoxicity of TAK-243 on ACC cell lines. A, Concentration–response curve and IC50 values of TAK-243 in ACC cell lines and SW-13. Cell viability after 72 hours under the indicated drug concentrations was measured by the CellTiter-Glo viability assay. B, Expression of ABC transporters (MDR-1, BCRP) and SLFN11 in ACC cell lines and SW-13. Proteins were extracted from each cell line and expression of SLFN11, MDR-1, and BCRP were evaluated by Western blotting. C, Effects of TAK-243 on DNA synthesis and cell cycle. CU-ACC1, CU-ACC2, and NCI-H295R cells were treated with 100 nmol/L TAK-243 for the indicated times and pulse-labeled with EdU (10 µmol/L) for 30 minutes before harvest. Cellular EdU uptake and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. D, Change in percentage of S-phase after TAK-243 treatment. E, ACC cell lines and SW-13 were treated with TAK-243 at the indicated concentrations for 24 hours, and PARP cleavage was detected by Western blotting.
The Use of Anemia Control Model Is Associated with Improved Hemoglobin Target Achievement, Lower Rates of Inappropriate Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents, and Severe Anemia among Dialysis Patients
Authors: Garbelli Mario , Bellocchio Francesco , Baro Salvador Maria Eva , Chermisi Milena , Rincon Bello Abraham , Godoy Isabel Berdud , Perez Sofia Ortego , Shkolenko Kateryna , Perez Alicia Sobrino , Toro Diana Samaniego , Apel Christian , Petrovic Jovana , Stuard Stefano , Barbieri Carlo , Mari Flavio , Neri Luca
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The Anemia Control Model (ACM) is a certified medical device suggesting the optimal ESA and iron dosage for patients on hemodialysis. We sought to assess the effectiveness and safety of ACM in a large cohort of hemodialysis patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study of dialysis patients treated in NephroCare centers between June 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019. We compared patients treated according to ACM suggestions and patients treated in clinics where ACM was not activated. We stratified patients belonging to the reference group by historical target achievement rates in their referral centers (tier 1: <70%; tier 2: 70–80%; tier 3: >80%). Groups were matched by propensity score. Results: After matching, we obtained four groups with 85,512 patient-months each. ACM had 18% higher target achievement rate, 63% smaller inappropriate ESA administration rate, and 59% smaller severe anemia risk compared to Tier 1 centers (all p < 0.01). The corresponding risk ratios for ACM compared to Tier 2 centers were 1.08 (95% CI: 1.08–1.09), 0.49 (95% CI: 0.47–0.51), and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.61–0.68); for ACM compared to Tier 3 centers, 1.01 (95% CI: 1.01–1.02), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.63–0.69), and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.88–1.00), respectively. ACM was associated with statistically significant reductions in ESA dose administration. Conclusion: ACM was associated with increased hemoglobin target achievement rate, decreased inappropriate ESA usage and a decreased incidence of severe anemia among patients treated according to ACM suggestion.
The Effect of Citric and Ascorbic Acids as Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Capsular Agents on Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: El-Soudany Ingy , Attia Nancy , Emad Rasha , Rezk Shahinda
Published: March 2024

Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an opportunistic bacterium with multiple virulence factors, including capsule and biofilm, and is known for its high drug resistance. Anti-virulence natural substances have been suggested as novel alternatives to conventional antibiotics. We aimed to evaluate the effect of citric and ascorbic acids as anti-biofilm and anti-capsular agents against multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii clinical isolates. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight A. baumannii MDR isolates were collected from different clinical sources. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each agent was estimated. Biofilm formation and capsule were investigated phenotypically in the absence and presence of both agents at ½ and ¼ MICs. The presence of 14 adhesive and nonadhesive virulence genes was investigated. Results: Phenotypically, all the isolates were biofilm producers and were capsulated. The MIC of citric acid ranged from 1.25 to 2.5 mg/mL, while that of ascorbic acid was 3 mg/mL for all isolates. Both agents showed significant reduction in biofilm and capsular thinning. Ascorbic acid showed a dose-dependent effect in both biofilm reduction and capsule thinning unlike citric acid. Four genes, papG23, sfa1, fyuA, and cvaC, were absent among all isolates, while iutA was present in 100% of isolates. Other genes showed different distributions among the isolates. These virulence genes were not correlated to the anti-biofilm effect of both agents. Ascorbic acid was observed to have a better effect than citric acid. This can provide a clue for a better treatment regimen including ascorbic acid against MDR A. baumannii infections.
Septotemporal Variation of Information Processing in the Hippocampus of Fmr1 KO Rat
Authors: Leontiadis Leonidas J. , Felemegkas Panagiotis , Trompoukis George , Tsotsokou Giota , Miliou Athina , Karagianni Evangelia , Rigas Pavlos , Papatheodoropoulos Costas
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP) is a protein involved in many neuronal processes in the nervous system including the modulation of synaptic transmission. The loss of FMRP produces the fragile X syndrome (FXS), a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting synaptic and neuronal function and producing cognitive impairments. However, the effects of FXS on short-term processing of synaptic inputs and neuronal outputs in the hippocampus have not yet been sufficiently clarified. Furthermore, it is not known whether dorsal and ventral hippocampi are affected similarly or not in FXS. Method: We used an Fmr1 knockout (KO) rat model of FXS and recordings of evoked field potentials from the CA1 field of transverse slices from both the dorsal and the ventral hippocampi of adult rats. Results: Following application of a frequency stimulation protocol consisting of a ten-pulse train and recordings of fEPSP, we found that the dorsal but not ventral KO hippocampus shows altered short-term synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, applying the frequency stimulation protocol and recordings of population spikes, both segments of the KO hippocampus display altered short-term neuronal dynamics. Conclusions: These data suggest that short-term processing of synaptic inputs is affected in the dorsal, not ventral, FXS hippocampus, while short-term processing of neuronal output is affected in both segments of the FXS hippocampus in a similar way. These FXS-associated changes may have significant impact on the functions of the dorsal and ventral hippocampi in individuals with FXS.
Redo-TAVR Feasibility After SAPIEN 3 Stratified by Implant Depth and Commissural Alignment: A CT Simulation Study
Authors: Koshy Anoop N. , Tang Gilbert H.L. , Khera Sahil , Vinayak Manish , Berdan Megan , Gudibendi Sneha , Hooda Amit , Safi Lucy , Lerakis Stamatios , Dangas George D. , Sharma Samin K. , Kini Annapoorna S. , Krishnamoorthy Parasuram
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

Redo-transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) can pin the index transcatheter heart valve leaflets open leading to sinus sequestration and restricting coronary access. The impact of initial implant depth and commissural alignment on redo-TAVR feasibility is unclear. We sought to determine the feasibility of redo-TAVR and coronary access after SAPIEN 3 (S3) TAVR stratified by implant depth and commissural alignment.

METHODS:

Consecutive patients with native valve aortic stenosis were evaluated using multidetector computed tomography. S3 TAVR simulations were done at 3 implant depths, sizing per manufacturer recommendation and assuming nominal expansion in all cases. Redo-TAVR was deemed unfeasible based on valve-to-sinotubular junction distance and valve-to-sinus height <2 mm, while the neoskirt plane of the S3 transcatheter heart valve estimated coronary access feasibility.

RESULTS:

Overall, 1900 patients (mean age, 80.2±8 years; STS-PROM [Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Operative Mortality], 3.4%) were included. Redo-TAVR feasibility reduced significantly at shallower initial S3 implant depths (2.3% at 80:20 versus 27.5% at 100:0,
P
<0.001). Larger S3 sizes reduced redo-TAVR feasibility, but only in patients with a 100:0 implant (
P
<0.001). Commissural alignment would render redo-TAVR feasible in all patients, assuming the utilization of leaflet modification techniques to reduce the neoskirt height. Coronary access following TAV-in-TAV was affected by both index S3 implant depth and size.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study highlights the critical impact of implant depth, commissural alignment, and transcatheter heart valve size in predicting redo-TAVR feasibility. These findings highlight the necessity for individualized preprocedural planning, considering both immediate results and long-term prospects for reintervention as TAVR is increasingly utilized in younger patients with aortic stenosis.