bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Structure, Luminescent Property and Theoretical studies of 4-Chloro-2,6-Bis[(3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenol
Authors: Tang Li-Zhipeng , Tao Feng , Cheng Mei-Ling , Liu Qi
Published: September 2014

4-Chloro-2,6-bis[(3,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenol has been synthesised and characterised, including by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The benzene ring system is planar and makes dihedral angles of 88.90°(0.14) and 59.84°(0.11) with two pyrazole rings, respectively, and the two pyrazole rings are arranged trans to each other with the dihedral angles 87.22°(0.15). The luminescent property of the title compound was investigated. The molecular structure of the title compound has been optimised by density functional theory with B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level, the optimised geometer parameters and vibrational frequencies are consistent with the experiment data.
Efficient Synthesis of α-Ferrocenyl Tertiary Alcohols Via CeCl3-Promoted Addition of Grignard Reagents to Large Hindered Ketones
Authors: Zhao Haiying , Zhang Wenyao , Chen Shufeng , Bian Zhanxi
Published: September 2014

The addition of Grignard reagents to highly hindered acylferrocenes in the presence of anhydrous CeCl3 at room temperature provided the corresponding α-ferrocenyl tertiary alcohols FcC(OH)R1R2 (R1 = Ph or Fc, R2 = Me, Et, iPr, nBu, Ph; Fc = C5H4FeC5H5) in moderate to high yields. Optimum conditions and factors affecting the reaction were investigated.
Synthesis of Novel Spiro[Cyclopropane-Indazole] Derivatives Via Magnesium-Mediated Conjugate Addition of Bromoform
Authors: Yan Jinlong , Deng Zhihong , Kuang Guoqiang
Published: September 2014

A novel series of 2,2-dibromo-3-aryl-1'-phenyl-6’,7'-dihydrospiro[cyclopropane-1,5'-indazol]-4'(1' H)-ones derivatives were prepared in moderate to good yields by conjugate addition of bromoform to ( E)-5-arylmethylene-1-phenyl-6,7-dihydro-1 H-indazol-4(5 H)-ones in the presence of magnesium under N2. The structures of all the products were characterised by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry.
Synthesis and Antifungal activity of Phenacyl Azoles
Authors: Nelson Ronald , Kesternich Víctor , Pérez-Fehrmann Marcia , Salazar Fernanda , Marcourt Laurence , Christen Philippe , Godoy Patricio
Published: September 2014

A new N-(4-methoxyphenacyl)imidazole and three new substituted N-(phenacyl)triazoles were prepared by reaction of the heterocycle with a phenacyl halide. The former ketone and one example of the latter were reduced to the corresponding alcohols. All six compounds were screened in vitro for antifungal activity against two pathogenic fungal strains, Candida albicans (fluconazole-resistant) and Aspergillus fumigatus. The results revealed that most of the compounds showed activity against both strains at 100 μg mL-1 and 80 μg mL-1, some comparable with control compound fluconazole. The alcohols were less active than the corresponding ketones.
Convenient synthesis of Bioactive Pyranonaphthoquinones (±)9-Demethoxyeleutherin and (±)9-Demethoxyisoeleutherin
Authors: Limaye Rohan A. , Joseph Augustine R. , Natu Arun D. , Paradkar Madhusudan V.
Published: September 2014

A convenient synthesis of (±)9-demethoxyeleutherin and (±)9-demethoxyisoeleutherin, the analogues of naturally occurring pyranonaphthoquinone antibiotics eleutherin and isoeleutherin, is described. The synthesis was achieved from 4-methoxy-1-napthol in four simple steps including Claisen rearrangement and oxymercuration–demercuration reactions.
Interannual persistence of the seasonal snow cover in a glacierized catchment
Authors: Helfricht Kay , Schöber Johannes , Schneider Katrin , Sailer Rudolf , Kuhn Michael
Published: September 2014

Knowledge of the spatial snow distribution and its interannual persistence is of interest for a broad spectrum of issues in cryospheric sciences. In this study, snow depths derived from airborne laser scanning are analyzed for interannual persistence of the seasonal snow cover in a partly glacierized mountain area (~36 km2). At the end of five accumulation periods, the snow-covered area varied by 16% of its temporal mean. Mean snow depth of the total area ranged by a factor of two (1.31–2.58 m), with a standard deviation of 0.42 m. Interannual correlation coefficients of snow depth distribution were in the range 0.68–0.84. Of the investigated area, 75% was found to be interannually persistent. The remaining area showed variable snow cover from year to year, caused by occasional avalanches and changes in surface topography as a result of glacier retreat. Snow cover underwent a change from a homogeneous distribution on the former glacier surface to a more heterogeneous snow cover in the recently deglaciated terrain. A geostatistical analysis shows interannual persistence in scaling behavior of snow depth in ice-free terrain with scale break distances at 20 m. Scale-invariant behavior of snow depth is indicated over >100 m on smooth glacier surfaces.
Reconceptualising Well-being: Social Work, Economics and Choice
Authors: Simpson Graeme , Murr Ani
Published: September 2014

In this paper we examine the intersection of well-being, agency and the current political and economic structures which impact on social work with adults and in doing so contribute to ‘interpreting and mapping out the force fields of meaning production’ (Fornäs, Fredriksson & Johannisson 2011: 7). In it we draw upon Sointu’s (2005) work which identified the shift from conceptualising well-being in terms of ‘the body politic’ to conceptualising it in terms of ‘the body personal’ and identified parallels with understanding well-being in English social work. There has been a shift in the nature of social work in the United Kingdom in how the question of agency has been addressed. For many years this was through the traditional notion of autonomy and self-determination (Biestek 1961) and later collective approaches to welfare and services (Bailey & Brake 1975). The development of paradigms of mainly personal empowerment in the 1980s and 1990s (Braye & Preston-Shoot 1995) saw social work become less associated with collective engagement in welfare and more concerned with the enhancement of individual well-being (Jordan 2007). Whilst the rhetoric of well-being, in contemporary English social work, continues to include autonomy and self-determination, this is focused primarily upon the narrower concepts of independence and choice (Simpson 2012). The UK Department of Health’s A Vision for Adult Social Care: Capable Communities and Active Citizens (DoH 2010) is the template for national social care policy to which all Local Authorities in England had to respond with an implementation plan. This paper draws on a documentary analysis of two such plans drafted in 2012 in the wake of an ‘austerity budget’ and consequent public expenditure reductions. The analysis considers the effect of economic imperatives on the conceptualisation of individual choices and needs in the context of Local Authorities’ responsibilities to people collectively. A concept of ‘reasonableness’ emerges, which is used to legitimize a re-balancing of the ‘body personal’ and the ‘body politic’ in the concept of well-being with the re-emergence of an economic, public construction. Our discussion considers why this is happening and whether or not a new synthesised position between the personal and political is being developed, as economists and policy makers appropriate well-being for their ends.
Enacting Green Consumers: The Case of the Scandinavian Preppies
Authors: Fuentes Christian
Published: September 2014

The aim of this paper is to develop and illustrate an analytic approach that brings the active making and makings of green consumer images to the fore. Efforts to “know” the green consumers have generated multiple representations. Enactments of the green consumer are not innocent but also play a role in shaping how we understand and approach sustainable consumption. Because of this it is important to examine and critically discuss how green consumers are enacted today. This paper develops an approach that allows us to examine how green consumers are enacted and discuss the consequences these constructions might have for sustainability. Theoretically, a performativity approach drawing on theories from Science and Technology Studies (STS) and economic sociology is used to discuss the enactment of green consumers. Empirically, focus is on Boomerang – a Swedish fashion retailer, brand, and producer – and its marketing practices. The analysis shows how the marketing work of the Boomerang Company leads to the enactment of the Green Scandinavian Preppy. This specific version of the green consumer is a combination of the knowledgeable green connoisseur – a consumer that knows quality when he/she sees it – and the green hedonist in search of the good life. The Green Scandinavian Preppy wants to enjoy nature, go sailing, and do so wearing fashionable quality clothes. This is a consumer that knows quality, appreciates design, and has the means to pay for both. While this is a version of the green consumer that might be appealing and thus have the potential to promote a version of green consumption, it is also a green consumer image that has lost much of its political power as green consumption is framed as simply another source of pleasure and identity-making.
Blogging Family-like Relations when Visiting Theme and Amusement Parks: The Use of Children in Displays Online
Authors: Lindgren Anne-Li , Sparrman Anna
Published: September 2014

This paper combines sociological perspectives on family display, internet studies on family and private photography and a child studies perspective on the display of children. The paper proposes that blogging practices related to visits to theme and amusement parks in Sweden provide a new arena for people to display family-like relationships. In the different displays, adults mainly use pictures of children in the blogs to demonstrate their ability to perform family-like relationships. The paper suggests that this form of child-centred display, a visualized child-centredness, done during the park visit as well as in the blogging, is part of the construction of contemporary childhoods and what it means to be a child today and has not been theorized in earlier research on the display of family-like relations.
Green Retrofitting Skyscrapers: A Review
Authors: Al-Kodmany Kheir
Published: September 2014

This paper investigates innovative trends, practices and goals of tall building retrofits while illustrating green design techniques and implementation strategies. The existing building stock is substantially large and represents one of the biggest opportunities to reduce energy waste and curb air pollution and global warming. In terms of tall buildings, many will benefit from retrofits. There are long lists of inefficient all-glass curtain walls, initially promoted by the modernist movement, that are due to retrofit. The all-glass curtain wall buildings rely on artificial ventilation, cooling and heating, and suffer from poor insulation, which collectively make them energy hogs. Recent practices indicate that green retrofit has helped older buildings to increase energy efficiency, optimize building performance, increase tenants’ satisfaction and boost economic return while reducing greenhouse gas emission. As such, renovating older buildings could be “greener” than destroying them and rebuilding new ones. While some demolition and replacement may remain a necessity to meet contemporary needs, there are significant opportunities to reduce carbon emission and improve existing buildings’ performance by retrofitting them rather than constructing new ones. Practical insight indicates that the confluence of economic and environmental goals is increasingly at the heart of sustainable planning and design.
A Brief Review of Heavy-Ion Radiation Degradation and Failure of Silicon UMOS Power Transistors
Authors: Galloway Kenneth
Published: September 2014

Silicon VDMOS power MOSFET technology is being supplanted by UMOS (or trench) power MOSFET technology. Designers of spaceborne power electronics systems incorporating this newer power MOSFET technology need to be aware of several unique threats that this technology may encounter in space. Space radiation threats to UMOS power devices include vulnerabilities to SEB, SEGR, and microdose. There have been relatively few studies presented or published on the effects of radiation on this device technology. The S-O-A knowledge of UMOS power device degradation and failure under heavy-ion exposure is reviewed.
Organic Semiconductors: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Jacob Mohan
Published: September 2014

Organic electronics, such as displays, photovoltaics and electronics circuits and components, offer several advantages over the conventional inorganic-based electronics because they are inexpensive, flexible, unbreakable, optically transparent, lightweight and have low power consumption. In particular, organic displays exhibit high brightness, fast response time, wide viewing angle, and low operating voltage. [...]
Local Melatoninergic System as the Protector of Skin Integrity
Authors: Slominski Andrzej , Kleszczyński Konrad , Semak Igor , Janjetovic Zorica , Żmijewski Michał , Kim Tae-Kang , Slominski Radomir , Reiter Russel , Fischer Tobias
Published: September 2014

The human skin is not only a target for the protective actions of melatonin, but also a site of melatonin synthesis and metabolism, suggesting an important role for a local melatoninergic system in protection against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induced damages. While melatonin exerts many effects on cell physiology and tissue homeostasis via membrane bound melatonin receptors, the strong protective effects of melatonin against the UVR-induced skin damage including DNA repair/protection seen at its high (pharmocological) concentrations indicate that these are mainly mediated through receptor-independent mechanisms or perhaps through activation of putative melatonin nuclear receptors. The destructive effects of the UVR are significantly counteracted or modulated by melatonin in the context of a complex intracutaneous melatoninergic anti-oxidative system with UVR-enhanced or UVR-independent melatonin metabolites. Therefore, endogenous intracutaneous melatonin production, together with topically-applied exogenous melatonin or metabolites would be expected to represent one of the most potent anti-oxidative defense systems against the UV-induced damage to the skin. In summary, we propose that melatonin can be exploited therapeutically as a protective agent or as a survival factor with anti-genotoxic properties or as a “guardian” of the genome and cellular integrity with clinical applications in UVR-induced pathology that includes carcinogenesis and skin aging.
Recombinant Expression of a Novel Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein with Human Tumor Cell Antiproliferative Activity from Nectria haematococca
Authors: Li Shuying , Nie Ying , Ding Yang , Shi Lijun , Tang Xuanming
Published: September 2014

To our best knowledge, all of the fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) have been successfully extracted and identified in Basidomycetes, with only the exception of FIP from ascomycete Nectria haematococca (FIP-nha) discovered through homology alignment most recently. In this work, a gene encoding FIP-nha was synthesized and recombinantly expressed in an Escherichia coli expression system. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-MS analyses of recombinant FIP-nha (rFIP-nha) indicated that the gene was successfully expressed. The yield of the bioactive FIP-nha protein was 42.7 mg/L. In vitro assays of biological activity indicated that the rFIP-nha caused hemagglutination of human and rabbit red blood cells, signiﬁcantly stimulated mouse spleen lymphocyte proliferation, and enhanced expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) released from mouse splenocytes, revealing a strong antitumor effect against HL60, HepG2 and MGC823. Through this work, we constructed a rapid and efficient method of FIP production, and suggested that FIP-nha is a valuable candidate for use in future medical care and pharmaceutical products.
Arbutus unedo L.: Chemical and Biological Properties
Authors: Miguel Maria , Faleiro Maria , Guerreiro Adriana , Antunes Maria
Published: September 2014

Arbutus unedo L. (strawberry tree) has a circum-Mediterranean distribution, being found in western, central and southern Europe, north-eastern Africa (excluding Egypt and Libya) and the Canary Islands and western Asia. Fruits of the strawberry tree are generally used for preparing alcoholic drinks (wines, liqueurs and brandies), jams, jellies and marmalades, and less frequently eaten as fresh fruit, despite their pleasing appearance. An overview of the chemical composition of different parts of the plant, strawberry tree honey and strawberry tree brandy will be presented. The biological properties of the different parts of A. unedo and strawberry tree honey will be also overviewed.
New Derivatives of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid with Free-Radical Scavenging, D-Amino Acid Oxidase, Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Solecka Jolanta , Guśpiel Adam , Postek Magdalena , Ziemska Joanna , Kawęcki Robert , Łęczycka Katarzyna , Osior Agnieszka , Pietrzak Bartłomiej , Pypowski Krzysztof , Wyrzykowska Agata
Published: September 2014

A series of 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives were synthesised and tested for their free-radical scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS·+), superoxide anion radical (O2·−) and nitric oxide radical (·NO) assays. We also studied D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activity. Almost each of newly synthesised compounds exhibited radical scavenging capabilities. Moreover, several compounds showed moderate inhibitory activities against DAAO, AChE and BuChE. Compounds with significant free-radical scavenging activity may be potential candidates for therapeutics used in oxidative-stress-related diseases.
Photochemical Aryl Radical Cyclizations to Give (E)-3-Ylideneoxindoles
Authors: Gurry Michael , Allart-Simon Ingrid , McArdle Patrick , Gérard Stéphane , Sapi Janos , Aldabbagh Fawaz
Published: September 2014

(E)-3-Ylideneoxindoles are prepared in methanol in reasonable to good yields, as adducts of photochemical 5-exo-trig of aryl radicals, in contrast to previously reported analogous radical cyclizations initiated by tris(trimethylsilyl)silane and azo-initiators that gave reduced oxindole adducts.
Fiber-Based Polarization Diversity Detection for Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Pahlevaninezhad Hamid , Lee Anthony , Cahill Lucas , Lam Stephen , MacAulay Calum , Lane Pierre
Published: September 2014

We present a new fiber-based polarization diversity detection (PDD) scheme for polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT). This implementation uses a new custom miniaturized polarization-maintaining fiber coupler with single mode (SM) fiber inputs and polarization maintaining (PM) fiber outputs. The SM fiber inputs obviate matching the optical lengths of the two orthogonal OCT polarization channels prior to interference while the PM fiber outputs ensure defined orthogonal axes after interference. Advantages of this detection scheme over those with bulk optics PDD include lower cost, easier miniaturization, and more relaxed alignment and handling issues. We incorporate this PDD scheme into a galvanometer-scanned OCT system to demonstrate system calibration and PSOCT imaging of an achromatic quarter-wave plate, fingernail in vivo, and chicken breast, salmon, cow leg, and basa fish muscle samples ex vivo.
Examining the Impact of Greenspace Patterns on Land Surface Temperature by Coupling LiDAR Data with a CFD Model
Authors: Su Weizhong , Zhang Yong , Yang Yingbao , Ye Gaobin
Published: September 2014

Understanding the link between greenspace patterns and land surface temperature is very important for mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) effect and is also useful for planners and decision-makers for providing a sustainable design for urban greenspace. Although coupling remote sensing data with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has widely been used to examine interactions between UHI and greenspace patterns, the paper aims to examine the impact of five theoretical models of greenspace patterns on land surface temperature based on the improvement of the accuracy of CFD modeling by the combination of LiDAR data with remote sensing images to build a 3D urban model. The simulated results demonstrated that the zonal pattern always had the obvious cooling effects when there are no large buildings or terrain obstacles. For ambient environments, the building or terrain obstacles and the type of greenspace have the hugest influence on mitigating the UHI, but the greenspace area behaves as having the least cooling effect. A dotted greenspace pattern shows the best cooling effect in the central area or residential district within a city, while a radial and a wedge pattern may result in a “cold source” for the urban thermal environment.
Services et vulnérabilité des territoires traditionnellement industriels : la spécialisation tertiaire des zones d'emploi haut-normandes
Authors: Jennequin Hugues , Mouhoub El Mouhoud
Published: September 2014

Les forces et faiblesses des territoires face à la mondialisation ont trop souvent été évaluées au regard de leurs activités industrielles, conduisant à mener des politiques de soutien en réponse aux difficultés de ce secteur, sans toutefois freiner la désindustrialisation des régions. Le rôle des services comme moteur régional a été globalement négligé. Cet article analyse la situation de la Haute-Normandie, industrialisée et affectée par la crise, et étudie la spécialisation en services de ses zones d’emploi en s’appuyant sur une typologie récente des services (DATAR, 2010). Des atouts apparaissent (faible spécialisation dans les services les plus volatils, poids des services d’intermédiation...). Trois angles de vulnérabilité potentielle sont néanmoins préoccupants : un poids significatif des services collectifs dans un contexte national de redistribution géographique ; une faible part des services cognitifs ; la spécialisation dans les services les plus volatils de la zone la plus industrialisée (Vallée de la Bresle).
Dynamiques d'agglomération et de dispersion des activités polluantes : étude des limites des politiques environnementales
Authors: Ciucci Julien
Published: September 2014

Dans le cadre d’un modèle centre – périphérie, nous proposons une analyse de l’influence d’une politique environnementale restrictive sur la localisation des firmes industrielles polluantes. Dans ce modèle, ce sont les choix de localisation des travailleurs qualifiés qui déterminent la répartition spatiale de ces firmes. Dans leurs choix de localisation, les travailleurs qualifiés prennent en compte des facteurs pécuniaires, tels que le salaire et l’indice des prix, mais également des facteurs non pécuniaires, plus précisément ici la qualité environnementale. Dans ce contexte, les pouvoirs publics tentent d’influer sur ces choix, par le biais d’une taxe environnementale, afin de maximiser l’utilité agrégée de leurs administrés. Ce modèle permet d’identifier les différentes forces, d’agglomération et de dispersion, qui déterminent la répartition spatiale des firmes polluantes. En outre, si les forces d’agglomération dans une région sont trop importantes, la taxe environnementale peut n’avoir aucune influence sur la répartition spatiale des firmes polluantes.
Thalassemia and the Heartquake
Authors: Borgna-Pignatti Caterina , Tarocco Anna , Baldan Alessandro , Fucili Alessandro
Published: September 2014

On May 2012 the city of Ferrara and the surrounding region were hit by several earthquakes. We had the chance to observe the behavior of one thalassemic heart during the shocks, because of a 24-h electrocardiogram recording had been put in place a few hours before the shocks.
The Role of Thalassemia International Federation in the Promotion, of Global, Regional and National Policy of Control of Hemoglobin Disorders: A Brief Overview
Authors: Eleftheriou Androulla
Published: September 2014

Improving global health remains the target of many international, regional and national official health bodies struggling to coordinate limited economic and human resources in order to ensure equal access of all to quality healthcare [...]
Iron Chelating Agents for Iron Overload Diseases
Authors: Crisponi Guido , Nurchi Valeria Marina , Zoroddu Maria Antonietta
Published: September 2014

Although iron is an essential element for life, an excessive amount may become extremely toxic both for its ability to generate reactive oxygen species, and for the lack in humans of regulatory mechanisms for iron excretion. Chelation therapy has been introduced in clinical practice in the seventies of last century to defend thalassemic patients from the effects of iron overload and, in spite of all its limitations, it has dramatically changed both life expectancy and quality of life of patients. It has to be considered that the drugs in clinical use present some disadvantages too, this makes urgent new more suitable chelating agents. The requirements of an iron chelator have been better and better defined over the years and in this paper they will be discussed in detail. As a final point the most interesting ligands studied in the last years will be presented.
Dilemmas in Considering β-Thalassemia Status in Subjects with Borderline HbA2 Values: A Pilot Study in Eastern India
Authors: Chatterjee Tridip , Chakravarty Amit , Chakravarty Sudipa
Published: September 2014

Interpreting hemoglobin disorders by high performance liquid chromatography can sometimes deceptive, especially with borderline HbA2 values. It is often problematic, especially in antenatal cases if the partner is a known thalassemia trait. We tested for underlying β-thalassemia mutations in 24 subjects with borderline HbA2 values (between 3.0%-4.0%). Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the five common Indian β-thalassemia mutations: [IVS-I-5 (G>C), Cod 15 (G-A), Cod 8/9 (+G), Fr. 41/42 (-TTCT) and Cod 26 (G-A)]. β-globin gene sequencing was performed if no mutation was detected. β-globin gene defect was not identified in any of the samples. There was no presence of any of the five common mutations in the small cohort. The average value of HbA2 in 24 normal samples was found to be 3.96. The average values for mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) were found to be 82 and 28.8 pg respectively. Among these 24 normal samples, 13 had MCH below 27 pg and 11 had MCH above 27 pg. On the contrary, one thalassemic family was screened, in which the father of an HbE-β thalassemia patient was found to have HbA2 3.1, being a β-thalassemia carrier. Mutation analysis should be offered to all at-risk couples with borderline HbA2, especially those with values between 3.5% and 4.0% and microcytic hypochromic indices. As, cases with some specific mutational background or clinical condition shows abnormally low HbA2, so mutation screening should be performed in other partner if one partner found to be carrier or patient of thalassemia.
Reference Intervals for Acetylated Fetal Hemoglobin in Healthy Newborns
Authors: Paleari Renata , Mutta Irene , Musolino Gianluca , Salvatoni Alessandro , Agosti Massimo , Francescato Gaia , Mosca Andrea
Published: September 2014

The acetylated fetal hemoglobin (AcHbF) derives from an enzyme-mediated post-translational modification occurring on the N-terminal glycine residues of γ-chains. At present, no established data are available on reference intervals for AcHbF in newborns. A total of 92 healthy infants, with gestational age between 37 and 41 weeks were selected for the establishment of AcHbF reference intervals. Blood samples were collected by heel pricking, when collecting routine neonatal screening, and the hemoglobin pattern was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. AcHbF results were then normalized for HbF content in order to account for differences in hemoglobin switch. No difference was found in AcHbF values between genders (P = 0.858). AcHbF results were as follow: 12.8 ± 0.8% (mean±standard deviation), reference interval: 11.3–14.3%. This finding could facilitate further studies aimed to assess the possible use of AcHbF, for instance as a possible fetal metabolic biomarker during pregnancy.
Abstract Book
Authors: Pane F. , Maggio A.
Published: September 2014

Relapsed/refractory AML patients have a poor prognosis, with CR rates of 1–30%, unless allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an available option [...]
Embedding a surgeon in a civilian tactical team reduces resource utilization and is cost effective
Authors: Kaplan, MD, FACS, FCCM, FCCP Lewis J. , Glenn, BA Kevin J. , Maung, MD, FACS Adrian , Mulhern, MBA Jonathan
Published: September 2014

Objective: This study evaluates whether embedding a surgeon in a civilian tactical team (Special Weapons and Tactics [SWAT]) reduces resource utilization during training or deployment and is cost effective.Design: Prospective, noninterventional.Participants: All tactical police surgeon (TPS) activities (2011-2013) were prospectively captured via databases (Bento and Excel) including days of activity, training and deployment care (team members, suspects, and bystanders), academic activity, costs incurred for equipment and training, as well as costs avoided by onscene care and evaluation. Umbrella activities related to non-SWAT care and system referral were recorded.Interventions: None.Main outcome measures: Resource utilization, costs, and outcomes derived from embedding a surgeon in a civilian tactical team.Results: There were 24 days of training and two deployments; 3 days of staff coverage were required. Team members required 18 distinct care episodes; no suspects required care. Bystander care was required twice; both were treated on-scene avoiding transport and hospital care. Non-SWAT care occurred 36 times. No complications occurred except for one urinary track infection. Comorbid medical condition evaluation and management advice in non-SWAT officers, spouses, or significant others occurred 24 times. New health system referral occurred 26 times. Total TPS equipment charges ($6,000) were offset by reduced scene transport ($3,000) and hospital care ($4,000), as well as reduced team member hospital care ($9,000) leading to a net Police Department (PD) charge surplus of (+)$9,000. New referral initial evaluation ($10,400) and operative charges ($30,800) were balanced against lost work ($6,500/d × 3d = $21,500) for a net health system charge surplus of (+)$19,700. One international presentation, three local presentations, and four peer-reviewed and five lay press publications accrued from these activities.Conclusions: A TPS reduces scene and Emergency Department resource utilization and increases new patient health system entry. Establishing a TPS is cost effective for a PD and an academic health system and supports academic productivity but may not be supportable without nonclinical days.
IL-GLOBO (1.0) – integrated Lagrangian particle model and Eulerian general circulation model GLOBO: development of the vertical diffusion module
Authors: Rossi D. , Maurizi A.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The development and validation of the vertical diffusion module of IL-GLOBO, a Lagrangian transport model coupled online with the Eulerian general circulation model GLOBO, is described. The module simulates the effects of turbulence on particle motion by means of a Lagrangian stochastic model (LSM) consistently with the turbulent diffusion equation used in GLOBO. The implemented LSM integrates particle trajectories, using the native σ-hybrid coordinates of the Eulerian component, and fulfils the well-mixed condition (WMC) in the general case of a variable density profile. The module is validated through a series of 1-D offline numerical experiments by assessing its accuracy in maintaining an initially well-mixed distribution in the vertical. A dynamical time-step selection algorithm with constraints related to the shape of the diffusion coefficient profile is developed and discussed. Finally, the skills of a linear interpolation and a modified Akima spline interpolation method are compared, showing that both satisfy the WMC with significant differences in computational time. A preliminary run of the fully integrated 3-D model confirms the result only for the Akima interpolation scheme while the linear interpolation does not satisfy the WMC with a reasonable choice of the minimum integration time step.
Flow regime change in an endorheic basin in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Worku F. F. , Werner M. , Wright N. , van der Zaag P. , Demissie S. S.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Endorheic basins, often found in semi-arid and arid climates, are particularly sensitive to variation in fluxes such as precipitation, evaporation and runoff, resulting in variability of river flows as well as of water levels in end-point lakes that are often present. In this paper we apply the indicators of hydrological alteration (IHA) to characterise change to the natural flow regime of the Omo–Ghibe Basin in southern Ethiopia. Little water resource infrastructure has been developed in the basin to date, and it is considered pristine. The basin is endorheic and is the main source of flow to Lake Turkana in the East African Rift Valley. The water level in Lake Turkana shows significant fluctuation, but increase of its level can be observed over the past 20 years. The reasons are currently not well understood. Of the five groups of hydrological characteristics in the IHA (magnitude, timing, duration, frequency and variability), only those related to magnitude were found to show significant trends, with the main trend being the increase of flow during the dry season. This trend was not reflected in climatological drivers such as rainfall, evaporation and temperature (which shows a positive trend), but rather is attributed to the substantial changes in land use and land cover in the basin. The change in the basin hydrology is apparent mainly in the more humid part of the basin. The significant shift from forest and woodland to grassland and cropland results in a decrease of actual evaporation and subsequent increase in (dry season) runoff. The long-term trend of the increasing levels in Lake Turkana are related to these trends in dry season flows, while shorter-term fluctuations of the lake levels are attributed primarily to anomalies in consecutive wet and dry season rainfall.
Endometriosis and the Enigmatic Question of Progression
Authors: Savaris Ricardo F. , Nichols Christina , Lessey Bruce A.
Published: September 2014

Aims

The aim of this study was to identify whether endometriosis is a progressive disease with age, and to review the literature on this topic.

Material and methods

The incidence of endometriosis in a cohort of 500 women who underwent laparoscopy between 2003 and 2013 in the Greenville Health System, in South Carolina, United States, was reviewed. The search of the world literature on progression of endometriosis was limited to 1980 and beyond.

Results

The correlation between stage of endometriosis and age was found to be small (r = −0.04; 95% CI, −0.13 to 0.04; p = 0.3; n = 471). The literature search identified 16 studies on adults. Progression of endometriosis findings at laparoscopy occurred in 31% of the cases with follow-up (n = 162).

Conclusions

Endometriosis of minimal or mild American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASRM) classification stage is equally likely to be present in women of all ages; similarly, endometriosis in its severe form is not age-dependent.
Decidualized Endometriosis in Pregnancy Mimicking advanced Ovarian Malignancy: A Challenging Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Douliotis Ioannis , Lo Jenny , Athanasias Pandelis
Published: September 2014

We report a case of decidualized endometriosis in pregnancy mimicking ovarian malignancy. Decidualized endometriosis was shown on all histological specimens obtained during laparotomy. We are reporting the highest recorded level of the biomarker Ca125 in pregnancy, in a patient with histologically confirmed decidualized endometriosis.
Ser312Gly Polymorphism of the HSD17β1 Gene is not Associated with Endometriosis in Brazilian Patients
Authors: dos Santos Raphaela P. , Oliveira Carolina B.N. , Falagan-Lotsch Priscila , Souza Marcelle G. , Lasmar Ricardo B. , Duarte Luciana B. , Navarro Paula A. , Granjeiro José M. , Penna Ivan A.
Published: September 2014

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine whether a polymorphism of the HSD17β1 gene (rs605059), involved in estrogen synthesis, is associated with endometriosis in Brazilian patients.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted in 231 women. All patients in the case group had a histopathological diagnosis of endometriosis. Genomic DNA was genotyped by nested-PCR, followed by digestion of the PCR product with the enzyme BstUI.

Results

The frequencies of the genotypes detected in the case and control groups were 22.4% GG, 52.2% AG and 25.4% AA; and 31.3% GG, 49.3% AG and 19.4% AA, respectively, with no significant difference between groups. The prevalence of the G allele was 48.5% and 56% in the case and control groups, respectively. No significant difference in genotype or allele frequency was detected between the different stages of endometriosis (p>0.05).

Conclusions

The results suggested that the Ser312Gly polymorphism of the HSD17β1 gene is not associated with endometriosis in Brazilian patients.
Comparison of Remazol Brillant Blue Removal from Wastewater by Two Different Organisms and Analysis of Metabolites by GC/MS
Authors: Akdogan Hatice Ardag , Canpolat Merve
Published: September 2014

White rot fungus participates in biological degradation of many organic environmental pollutants. Also, white rot fungus contains a variety of extracellular enzymes, and these enzymes are used for biological degradation of organic matter. We investigated the biological treatment of synthetic dyes, at a low cost and in the shortest possible time, that are used especially in the dye and textile industries and are important polluting agents in the wastewater discharged into the environment by these industries. For this purpose, removal of Remazol Brillant Blue by Pleurotus ostreatus and Coprinus plicatilis was studied. This dye was removed 100% (dye concentration, 10.0 mg/L) by both organisms. Laccase and manganese peroxidase enzyme activities were also monitored. There was an attempt to identify metabolites via GC/MS at the end of the decolorization. No detectable metabolite was found.
Quantification of the Polyisoprenylated Benzophenones Garcinol and Isogarcinol Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring LC/Electrospray Ionization-MS/MS Analysis of Ultrasound-Assisted Extracts of Garcinia indica Fruits
Authors: Bharate Jaideep Bibishan , Vishwakarma Ram Ashrey , Bharate Sandip Bibishan , Kushwaha Manoj , Gupta Ajai Prakash
Published: September 2014

This paper describes a method that includes an optimized extraction process and identification and quantification of two anticancer compounds (garcinol and isogarcinol) by LC/electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The study aimed to develop a fast, accurate, and sensitive method for the quantification of garcinol and isogarcinol in different extracts of Garcinia indica fruits. The compounds were detected using LC/ESI-MS/MS in the positive-ion mode and quantified in the MRM mode using a transition mass of m/z 603.3/411 taken as the quantifier and 603.3/343.2 as the qualifier for garcinol and isogarcinol. Five point calibration curves were linear in the range of 2 to 10 ng/mL for garcinol and 0.5 to 6 ng/mL for isogarcinol, with a correlation coefficient of ≥0.990 for both. LOQ for garcinol and isogarcinol was 0.06 and 0.05 ng/mL, respectively, while LOD was 0.021 and 0.017 ng/mL respectively. Our work demonstrated optimization of extraction procedure, fast and highly sensitive quantification (pg level LOQ), and validation of the developed method for the investigated compounds in fruit extracts of G. indica.
A Sensitive and Specific Hyperbranched Rolling Circle Amplification Assay and Test Strip for White Spot Syndrome Virus
Authors: Zhao Yu-ran , Yin Wei-li , Yue Zhi-qin , Li Ba-fang
Published: September 2014

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a global threat to the prawn industry, and there is no simple method for field-based testing of this virus. We designed a padlock probe and primers to the capsid protein gene VP28 of WSSV, and established a hyperbranched rolling circle amplification (HRCA) assay and a corresponding strip-based test. The assay and the test strip both had similar high accuracy and specificity, and their sensitivity was about 10 copies/μL, which is 100 times higher than conventional PCR. In this study, 68 batches of prawns were tested for WSSV with the HRCA assay and test strip, and the results were compared with the PCR assay. The results indicated that both the assay and test strip had accuracy similar to each other and to the PCR results. However, the assay and strip were more sensitive and user-friendly than PCR. Establishment of this method will provide a rapid detection of WSSV and also a basis for field-based detection of animal disease.
Method Modification of the Legipid®Legionella Fast Detection Test Kit
Authors: Albalat Guillermo Rodríguez , Broch Begoña Bedrina , Bono Marisa Jiménez
Published: September 2014

Legipid®Legionella Fast Detection is a test based on combined magnetic immunocapture and enzyme-immunoassay (CEIA) for the detection of Legionella in water. The test is based on the use of anti-Legionella antibodies immobilized on magnetic microspheres. Target microorganism is preconcentrated by filtration. Immunomagnetic analysis is applied on these preconcentrated water samples in a final test portion of 9 mL. The test kit was certified by the AOAC Research Institute as Performance Tested MethodSM (PTM) No. 111101 in a PTM validation which certifies the performance claims of the test method in comparison to the ISO reference method 11731-1998 and the revision 11731-2004 “Water Quality: Detection and Enumeration of Legionella pneumophila” in potable water, industrial water, and waste water. The modification of this test kit has been approved. The modification includes increasing the target analyte from L. pneumophila to Legionella species and adding an optical reader to the test method. In this study, 71 strains of Legionella spp. other than L. pneumophila were tested to determine its reactivity with the kit based on CEIA. All the strains of Legionella spp. tested by the CEIA test were confirmed positive by reference standard method ISO 11731. This test (PTM 111101) has been modified to include a final optical reading. A methods comparison study was conducted to demonstrate the equivalence of this modification to the reference culture method. Two water matrixes were analyzed. Results show no statistically detectable difference between the test method and the reference culture method for the enumeration of Legionella spp. The relative level of detection was 93 CFU/volume examined (LOD50). For optical reading, the LOD was 40 CFU/volume examined and the LOQ was 60 CFU/volume examined. Results showed that the test Legipid Legionella Fast Detection is equivalent to the reference culture method for the enumeration of Legionella spp.
Improved AOAC First Action 2011.08 for the Analysis of Vitamin B12 in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Formulas: First Action 2014.02
Authors: Giménez Esther Campos
Published: September 2014

This report documents improvement and single-laboratory validation performed on AOAC First Action Method 2011.08 for vitamin B12 in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula. The original validation study included a range of fortified products, from infant formulas to breakfast cereals or beverages. Extended validation data, including additional infant formulas and adult/pediatric nutritionals, has now been produced. In addition, the method has been modified to use ultra-HPLC and the calibration range extended in a multilevel calibration curve. Detection and quantification limits were also improved by increasing the sample weight used for analysis and the reconstitution rate adapted to the requirements. The Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals Test Material Kit, designed to represent a large range of products within the category (infant formula and adult nutritionals made from any combination of milk, soy, rice, whey, hydrolyzed protein, starch, and amino acids, with and without intact protein), was used to determine performance characteristics of the method. The modifications included allow now full compliance with standard method performance requirements established for vitamin B12 (SMPR 2011.005). LOQ was ≤0.01 μg/100 g, working range between 0.01 and 5.0 μg/100 g, repeatability ≤7%, and recovery in the range 90–110%. The method was granted AOAC First Action status 2014.02.
Neutrophilic Panniculitis: Algorithmic Approach to a Heterogeneous Group of Disorders
Authors: Chan May P.
Published: September 2014

Context.—Neutrophilic panniculitis encompasses an etiologically and morphologically heterogeneous group of disorders. Correct histopathologic diagnosis is important in identifying certain systemic diseases and guiding appropriate treatment.

Objective.—To review the clinical and histopathologic features of different types of neutrophilic panniculitis, and to provide a diagnostic algorithm for these disorders.

Data Sources.—A review of the literature with emphasis on the distinguishing features of different entities was performed.

Conclusions.—Evaluation for neutrophilic panniculitis entails paying close attention to the pattern of inflammation, the type of fat necrosis present, any evidence of vascular damage, and other relevant histopathologic features. An algorithmic approach integrating all histopathologic, clinical, and laboratory findings is required for correct diagnosis.
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Prostate
Authors: Warrick Joshua I. , Owens Scott R. , Tomlins Scott A.
Published: September 2014

In this article, we review prostatic lymphomas and discuss the differential diagnosis of high-grade malignant neoplasms of the prostate. We illustrate this with a case of a 46-year-old man seen with lower urinary tract obstruction who had diffuse involvement by a high-grade malignancy on prostate biopsy. Morphologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry were consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the prostate. Workup with positron emission tomography-computed tomography demonstrated intensely hypermetabolic lymph nodes in the mediastinum, as well as widespread osseous involvement and involvement of the pancreatic tail, prostate, and urinary bladder, suggesting secondary prostatic involvement by a nodal lymphoma. Lymphomas of the prostate are uncommon in surgical pathology practice and usually represent secondary involvement from leukemia/lymphoma at a more typical site. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma is the most common subtype.
Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Wu Angela
Published: September 2014

We review the morphology and differential diagnoses of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the bladder, using a study case to illustrate the discussion. Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia is a rare, reactive response to an ischemic insult, classically to radiation therapy, and consists of proliferative, pseudoinfiltrative urothelial nests within the stroma. The presence of background radiation therapy–related changes, such as numerous dilated thrombosed vessels, reactive-appearing endothelial and stromal cells, edema, and hemorrhage, can provide clues to the diagnosis. The main differential diagnoses include invasive urothelial carcinoma and the nested variant of urothelial carcinoma; morphologic features, such as the presence or absence of background therapy-related changes and the architecture and the cytologic atypia of the nests, can help distinguish between pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia and urothelial carcinoma.