bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EnoLight Ltd: a classic entrepreneurship challenge
Authors: Mazaheri Ebrahim , Yilmazer Alex
Published: April 2023

Research methodology

One of the case writers worked as a student in the summer of 2018 in EnoLight, which provided the inspiration for the case. The first author is not tied to the company and provides an unbiased perspective. The information presented in the case and the quotes were sourced from an interview with Farzad Moghiman in the Fall of 2018, email and phone follow-up with him, and information the second author remembered from his time at EnoLight, which was approved later by Farzad. Supplementary information was obtained from online sources, as cited in the case.

Case overview/synopsis

Farzad Moghiman, president of EnoLight, has a vision to revolutionize the use of light and bring it to the forefront of artistic designs. The company was founded in late 2016. Over a year was spent developing the business plan, finding additional partners, establishing the company as a limited partnership, finding and negotiating with suppliers and beta-testing its products. It is now time for Farzad to start selling as his funds, which were his lifetime savings, is running out. He knew the first decision to make was the target market. Identifying the first segment to target would help him select the distribution channel and other marketing plan elements.

Complexity academic level

The main objective of this case is to segment the market and identify the most attractive segment to target. This case offers an opportunity for students to segment both consumer and business markets and experience the significant impact of selecting the target market on other marketing mix elements. Furthermore, students are exposed to the difficulties of a start-up environment, resource constraints and a lack of market credibility – bearing these factors in mind while generating realistic alternatives. This case can be used in an introductory marketing course.

Learning objectives

1. Apply segmentation variables to segment both business and consumer markets and understand how segmentation and targeting impact other marketing decisions.2. Evaluate different customer segments to select the target market.3. Develop the best positioning strategy for a new startup company.4. Recommend an segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) plan that meets the company’s financial objective.
The future of work: work engagement and job performance in the hybrid workplace
Authors: Naqshbandi M. Muzamil , Kabir Ibrahim , Ishak Nurul Amirah , Islam Md. Zahidul
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Drawing on the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, the authors examine how working in the hybrid workplace model (telework and flexible work) affects job performance via the intervening role of work engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors adopted a quantitative approach and collected data from 277 employees working in universities in Nigeria. Partial least square structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data and test the hypotheses.

Findings

The findings reveal that flexible work, not telework, has a significant and positive effect on job performance. It also emerges that flexible work positively affects work engagement, and work engagement significantly mediates the relationship between flexible work and job performance. However, the findings do not support the effect of telework on work engagement and the mediating role of work engagement in the proposed relation between telework and job performance.

Originality/value

The paper provides fresh insights by linking the components of the hybrid workplace model with job performance and employee work engagement and extending the JD-R model to the hybrid workplace setting. The practitioners can benefit from the findings of this study by factoring in the importance of the hybrid workplace model in designing policies and procedures to promote job performance.
“What happens on the boat, stays on the boat”: the dark side of luxury yachting
Authors: Wyatt Brianna
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the dark side of luxury yachting, with specific focus on the treatment and well-being of yacht crews.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a literature review of key terms: luxury yachting; yacht crews; well-being; maritime tourism and yacht guests.

Findings

The paper observes luxury yachting as having a hidden dark side that is impacting on the overall well-being of yacht crews who are responsible for producing luxury yachting experiences. It discusses scholarly research and industry reports into both luxury yachting tourism and yacht crew management and experiences.

Practical implications

The success of the Below Deck television franchise has had a direct influence on the growing phenomenon of luxury yachting tourism. Behind the happy smiles and grandeur of the luxury experience, there is a dark side to this booming industry that requires further investigation and resolutions to enhance yacht crew well-being without impacting the guest experience.

Originality/value

This paper presents luxury yachting as a growing tourism phenomenon. It explores the dark side of this industry from the experiences of yacht crews, who are generally seen, but not heard.
Negative partisanship and the populist radical right: The case of Norway
Authors: Bjånesøy Lise
Published: April 2023

With the rise and influence of populist radical right (PRR) parties in Western European democracies, research has focused on explaining the PRR vote. We know less about the reasons why many people would never vote for these parties. Recent research has pointed out that negative partisanship may be particularly prominent in the case of PRR parties. This study contributes to that line of research. It demonstrates that the PRR Progress Party in Norway has the highest share of negative partisanship of all parties in the system. Novel analysis of open‐ended responses reveal that negative partisans react against both the party's policies and rhetorical style. The analysis reveals that negative partisans mirror voters of the PRR only to some extent. Notably, they emphasize disagreements with the party's views on humanity, and with environmental and economic policies. Political style is also a considerable source of negative PRR partisanship and is more important to account for never voting than to account for the support for these parties. The findings underscore that the study of negative partisanship contributes to a fuller account of patterns of PRR electoral performance and particularly its limitations.
Incidence, mortality, survival, and disease burden of breast cancer in China compared to other developed countries
Authors: Tao Xuetong , Li Tong , Gandomkar Ziba , Brennan Patrick C. , Reed Warren M.
Published: April 2023

Breast cancer was the most diagnosed malignant neoplasm and the second leading cause of cancer mortality among Chinese females in 2020. Increased risk factors and widespread adoption of westernized lifestyles have resulted in an upward trend in the occurrence of breast cancer. Up to date knowledge on the incidence, mortality, survival, and burden of breast cancer is essential for optimized cancer prevention and control. To better understand the status of breast cancer in China, this narrative literature review collected data from multiple sources, including studies obtained from the PubMed database and text references, national annual cancer report, government cancer database, Global Cancer Statistics 2020, and Global Burden of Disease study (2019). This review provides an overview of the incidence, mortality, and survival rates of breast cancer, as well as a summary of disability‐adjusted life years associated with breast cancer in China from 1990 to 2019, with comparisons to Japan, South Korea, Australia and the United States.
Co‐designing a peer‐led model of delivering behavioural activation for people living with depression or low mood in Australian farming communities
Authors: Kennedy Alison J. , Gunn Kate M. , Duke Sonya , Jones Martin , Brown Ellie , Barnes Kelly , Macdonald Joanna , Brumby Susan , Versace Vincent L. , Gray Richard
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Farmers face a range of factors that negatively influence their mental health and suicide risk, yet have limited access to appropriate support. Behavioural activation (BA) is an evidence‐based therapy that can be effectively delivered by nonclinical workers. Working with members of farming communities to deliver BA to their peers has the potential to overcome many well‐established barriers to mental health help‐seeking and improve outcomes for this at‐risk group.

Objective

This paper describes the findings of a co‐design phase informing the development of a peer (farmer)‐led approach for delivering BA for farmers living with depression or low mood.

Design

This qualitative study used a co‐design approach involving members of the target community. Focus groups were transcribed and analysed using Thematic Analysis and the Framework approach.

Findings

Ten online focus groups with 22 participants were held over 3 months. Four overarching, interlinked themes were identified: (i) filling the gap in rural mental health support; (ii) alignment with the farming context—tailoring how, where and when we engage about mental health; (iii) the ‘messenger’ is as important as the message; and (iv) sustainability, governance and support.

Discussion

Findings suggest BA could be a contextually appropriate model of support for the farming community—given its practical and solution‐focused approach—and could help improve access to support. Having peer workers deliver the intervention was viewed as appropriate. Ensuring governance structures are developed to support peers to deliver the intervention will be essential to facilitate effectiveness, safety and sustainability.

Conclusion

Insights gained through co‐design have been critical to the success of developing this new model of support for members of farming communities experiencing depression or low mood.
Utility of CT colonography and/or PET‐CT preoperatively in obstructing left‐sided colorectal cancers – a systematic review
Authors: McGarry Jennifer , Ng Zi Qin , Ryan Fintan , Theophilus Mary
Published: April 2023

Purpose

15–20% of patients present with near obstructing left‐sided colorectal cancer. CT colonography (CTC) or PET‐CT has been used to detect synchronous lesions, which may alter preoperative planning of colonic resection. We aim to synthesize the usefulness of CT colonography and/or PET‐CT in detecting synchronous proximal colon carcinomas in patients who have undergone an incomplete colonoscopy due to a stenosing or obstructing distal colorectal cancer.

Methodology

A systematic review was performed by searching the databases up to December 2021. Data collected included demographics of the study population, rate of detection of synchronous carcinomas and impact on management of detection of synchronous carcinomas.

Results

A total of 22 studies were included: 17 studies focused on CTC, 3 on PET‐CT, and 2 integrated PET‐CT with CTC; 2855 patients were included; 53% of patients were male, and 47% were female. All studies reported detection of synchronous proximal colorectal carcinomas using CTC, PET‐CT or CTC, and PET‐CT combined. CTC detected synchronous carcinomas in 0.2–12.2% of patients. PET‐CT was useful in detecting synchronous carcinomas in 4.05–23% of patients. Integrated PET‐CT and CTC detected synchronous carcinomas in 2–15% of patients. The surgical plan was changed in 2.4–14.3% of patients after the use of CTC. One PET‐CT study reported a change in management in 13.5%. No complication was reported by the use of CTC.

Conclusion

CTC is an effective and useful adjunct to colonoscopy in assessing the proximal colon when colonoscopy fails to do so. However, more evidence is needed with the use of PET‐CT for this patient population.
A pilot study: intraoperative 16S rRNA sequencing versus culture in predicting colorectal incisional surgical site infection
Authors: Vishnoi Veral , Hoedt Emily C. , Gould Tiffany , Carroll Georgia , Carroll Rosemary , Lott Natalie , Pockney Peter , Smith Stephen R. , Keely Simon
Published: April 2023

Background

Surgical Site Infection (SSI) of the abdominal incision is a dreaded complication following colorectal surgery. Identifying the intraoperative surgical site microbes may provide clarity in the pathogenesis of SSIs. Genomic sequencing has revolutionized the ability to identify microbes from clinical samples. Utilization of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the intraoperative surgical site may provide the critical information required to predict and prevent infection in colorectal surgery.

Methods

This is a pilot, prospective observational study of 50 patients undergoing elective colorectal resection. At completion of surgery, prior to skin closure, swabs were taken from the subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal incision to investigate the microbial profile. Dual swabs were taken to compare standard culture technique and 16S rRNA sequencing to establish if a microbial profile was associated with postoperative SSI.

Results

8/50 patients developed an SSI, which was more likely in those undergoing open surgery (5/15 33.3% versus 3/35, 8.6%; P = 0.029). 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was more sensitive in microbial detection compared to traditional culture. Both culture and 16S rRNA demonstrated contamination of the surgical site, predominantly with anaerobes. Culture was not statistically predictive of infection. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was not statistically predictive of infection, however, it demonstrated patients with an SSI had an increased biodiversity (not significant) and a greater relative abundance (not significant) of pathogens such as Bacteroidacaea and Enterobacteriaceae within the intraoperative site.

Conclusions

16S rRNA amplicon sequencing has demonstrated a potential difference in the intraoperative microbial profile of those that develop an infection. These findings require validation through powered experiments to determine the overall clinical significance.
Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine in pediatric post‐kidney transplantation
Authors: Ajlan Aziza A , Aleid Hassan , Ali Tariq , DeVol Edward , Marquez Kris Ann Hervera , Aldhaferi Rezqah , Karar Enaam Magzoub , Mohammed Amir Eltayeb Ismail , Tiba Majid , Fajji Layal , Aldakhil Haifa , Al‐Awwami Moheeb , Almslam Maha Saud , Assiri Abdallah , Algoufi Talal , Broering Dieter C
Published: April 2023

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections and the resulting disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), have spread to millions of persons worldwide. Many vaccines have been developed; however, their efficacy in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients is yet to be determined.

Methods

This is a prospective observational, non‐interventional single‐center study on the safety and efficacy of a COVID‐19 vaccine (BNT162b2) in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate immunogenicity according to SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific neutralizing antibody titer after two vaccine doses. The secondary aims were to investigate the safety of the vaccines, solicited local and systemic adverse reactions, incidence of COVID‐19 post‐vaccination, and effects on transplant graft function. Baseline investigations were conducted on pediatric renal transplant recipients, and recruited participants were advised to have the Comirnaty® mRNA vaccine according to protocol.

Results

A total of 48 patients (male, n = 31, 64.6%; female, n = 17, 35.4%), median age 14 [12–16] years were included, and all received two doses of the vaccine. The vaccine had a favorable safety and side‐effect profile. The S‐antibody titer of all patients ranged between .4 and 2,500 U/ml and was > 50 U/ml in 89% of the patients. No difference in the measured antibody immune response was noted between infected and uninfected children. No major side effects were reported.

Conclusion

The vaccine had a favorable safety profile in 12‐ to 15‐year‐old kidney transplant recipients, producing a greater measured antibody response than that in older transplant recipients.
The reducing effect of aglime onN2OandCO2emissions balance from an acidic soil: A study on intact soil cores
Authors: Rousset Camille , Brefort Henri , Arkoun Mustapha , Mathieu Olivier , Hénault Catherine
Published: April 2023

The functioning of the nitrous oxide (N2O) reductase enzyme involved in the last step of denitrification is pH sensitive, with an optimum of 6.8. A solution to mitigate N2O emissions would be to bring soil pH close to neutrality by adding agricultural liming products (aglime). Nevertheless, the influence of aglime on the soil greenhouse gas (GHG) balance (CO2–N2O) is a subject of debate, particularly when considering the fate of the carbon (C) derived from carbonates. Our objective was to investigate the results of the effect of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) aglime on the CO2–N2O balance. Sixteen cylinders of undisturbed acidic soil were taken from a sandy loam profile and incubated at 20°C for 107 days in anaerobic conditions (water‐filled pore space >60%). Eight limed treatment cylinders received 1.45 g of aglime on the soil surface (2 t NV ha−1) and 0.08 g of N (100 kg of N ha−1). Eight control treatment cylinders received only 0.08 g of N. N2O and CO2fluxes were measured and converted into CO2equivalents to perform a GHG balance calculation. Furthermore, soil and leachate properties were measured. Aglime application triggered a reduction of N2O emissions, probably due to an increase in soil pH at the beginning of the experiment, which would have led to the N2O reductase activation. High ‐N content in the soil may inhibit the high N2O reduction potential in the limed treatment. CO2emissions were unexpectedly lower in the limed treatment. Aglime addition did not enhance C mineralisation, which may be explained by the possible stabilisation of soil organic carbon. A significant 11.3% reduction of GHG emissions was observed in the limed treatment. Overall, our results show that a strategy of liming acidic agricultural soil could be implemented for its potential in GHG mitigation. Nevertheless, future in‐depth research is necessary to better understand the fate of the C brought about by aglime.
Gastric mucosal swab as an alternative to biopsy for Helicobacter pylori detection
Authors: Soh Hosim , Kim Narae , Moon Jangsup , Lee Han Myung , Kim Bokyung , Cho Soo‐Jeong , Kim Sang Gyun , Chung Hyunsoo
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims

Gastric mucosal swab may be a more sensitive sampling method than a biopsy since Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) resides within the mucus layer. We compared the diagnostic performance of the rapid urease test (RUT) and bacterial load of H. pylori between swabs and tissue biopsy.

Methods

Overall, 276 RUTs (138 swab‐RUTs (S‐RUT) and 138 tissue‐RUTs (T‐RUT)) were performed. To diagnose H. pylori infection, RUT, H. pylori PCR, and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of tissue and swab were used, and its infection was defined as at least two positives of the six test results. The diagnostic performances of RUTs and the H. pylori bacterial load using qPCR were compared between swab and biopsy.

Results

The positivity rates of S‐RUT and T‐RUT were 35.5% (49/138) and 25.4% (35/138), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of S‐RUT were 98.0%, 100.0%, and 99.2%, while those of T‐RUT were 70.0%, 100%, and 89.1%, respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy were significantly higher for S‐RUT than for T‐RUT (p < 0.05). In the patients with atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, S‐RUT showed significantly higher sensitivity than T‐RUT. qPCR showed that the swab contained a significantly higher H. pylori bacterial load than tissue biopsy (22.92‐fold and 31.61‐fold in the antrum and body (p < 0.05), respectively).

Conclusions

Gastric mucosal swabs showed higher RUT accuracy and H. pylori bacterial load than a tissue biopsy. This may be an alternative to a biopsy when diagnosing H. pylori infection during endoscopy is necessary. (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05349578).
Re‐spatialising migration governance: From ‘multi‐level’ to ‘entangled’
Authors: Adamson Fiona B.
Published: April 2023

Policy actors engaged in migration governance operate in complex environments characterised by spatial entanglements that bring together different levels and jurisdictions. While “levels‐of‐analysis” and multi‐level governance (MLG) frameworks capture some of this complexity, they undertheorise the extent to which migration and mobility are both causes and consequences of other forms of spatial entanglement. This article sets forth an “entangled” approach to migration governance and applies it to the Turkish case. It discusses how historical legacies and regional ties produce enduring cross‐border connections, examining diaspora engagement policies; migration diplomacy; and conflict and security in Turkey through the lens of entangled migration governance.
Mechanical and chemical properties of metakaolin‐based geopolymer exposed to elevated temperature
Authors: Hua Tianyi , Fu Ouli , Barzoki Parvaneh Kheirkhah , Gowayed Yasser
Published: April 2023

A method is presented to fabricate metakaolin‐based geopolymers that are structurally and mechanically stable up to 600°C. The chemical environment of the geopolymers is characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Residual free water turned into steam and caused damage to the geopolymer when exposed to elevated temperatures. The curing temperature was increased from 80 to 120°C to remove water during the curing process. A correlation was drawn between the amount of Si‐O‐Al linkage formed and the position of fingerprint peaks in infrared spectra, providing a tool to evaluate the level of geopolymerization. Flexural and tensile properties of geopolymers fabricated using the optimized method were measured for no heat treatment and for exposure to elevated temperatures of 200, 400, and 600°C. The flexural strength was measured to be 10.80 ± 2.99 MPa at room temperature, 10.36 ± 0.64 MPa at 400°C, and 8.04 ± 1.60 MPa at 600°C. The flexural modulus is reported to be 13.09 ± 3.40 GPa at room temperature and 11.03 ± 0.53 GPa at 600°C. The flexural toughness decreased with increasing temperature. The tensile properties of the geopolymer were measured with direct tensile tests paired with an extensometer. The tensile strength decreased from 4.16 ± 2.08 MPa at room temperature to 3.13 ± 0.97 MPa at 400°C, and 2.75 ± 0.86 MPa at 600°C. The Young's modulus decreased from 45.38 ± 30.30 GPa at room temperature to 26.88 ± 6.65 GPa at 600°C. Both flexural and tensile tests have shown that the metakaolin‐based geopolymers cured at 120°C is mechanically stable at temperatures up to 600°C.
Third Country Influence on EU Law and Policy‐making: Setting the Scene
Authors: Lavenex Sandra , Öberg Marja‐Liisa
Published: April 2023

This introductory article conceptualizes the notion of third country influence on European Union (EU) law and policy and proposes an analytical framework theorizing the venues and means through which third countries may gain such impact, under what conditions and with which implications for the EU's legal and political order. The article first introduces the focus on outside‐in influence in the context of European studies, generally, and EU privileged third country relations, specifically. Thereafter, an analytical framework is developed for mapping and explaining the outside‐in dynamics on EU law and policy‐making differentiating between diplomatic, governance and discursive venues; coercive versus technocratic and normative mechanisms of influence; and the legal constraints and political implications of these processes. Turning to the potential determinants of these occurrences, the article then proposes a set of hypotheses for conditions under which third countries can influence EU law and policies, before summarizing the individual contributions to this Special Issue.
Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells‐sourced exosomal microRNA‐7846‐3p suppresses proliferation and pro‐angiogenic role of keloid fibroblasts by suppressing neuropilin 2
Authors: Wu Di , Liu Xiao , Jin Zhehu
Published: April 2023

Background

Exosomes (Exos) and their contained microRNAs (miRNAs) have been emergingly recognized as key regulators in spanning biological processes, including proliferation and angiogenesis.

Aim of the study

This work investigates the function of Exos derived from adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (adMSCs) in viability of keloid fibroblasts (KFs).

Methods

Abnormally expressed miRNAs in keloid tissues were screened using the GEO dataset GSE113620. Meanwhile, miRNAs enriched in adMSC‐Exos were predicted by bioinformatics system. Exos were extracted from acquired adMSCs and identified, which were co‐incubated with KFs. Uptake of Exos by KFs was examined by fluorescence staining. Viability, proliferation, and apoptosis of KFs were analyzed by CCK‐8, EdU labeling, and TUNEL assays. Conditioned medium of KFs was collected to stimulate angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Binding between miR‐7846‐3p and neuropilin 2 (NRP2) was validated by luciferase assay. Protein levels of NRP2 and the Hedgehog pathway molecules were analyzed by western blot analysis.

Results

miR‐7846‐3p was predicted as an exosomal miRNA aberrantly expressed in keloids. AdMSC‐Exos reduced viability, proliferation, and apoptosis resistance of KFs, and they blocked the angiogenesis of HUVECs. miR‐7846‐3p targeted NRP2 mRNA. miR‐7846‐3p upregulation in KFs suppressed NRP2 expression and reduced the expression of Hedgehog pathway molecules SHH, SMO, and GLI1. Either miR‐7846‐3p inhibition in Exos or NRP2 overexpression in KFs blocked the effects of Exos and restored the viability, proliferation, and pro‐angiogenic role of KFs.

Conclusion

This work unravels that adMSC‐Exos‐derived miR‐7846‐3p suppresses NRP2 and inactivates the Hedgehog signaling to reduce proliferation and pro‐angiogenic role of KFs.
INFLUENCE OF POST‐DANIAN SEA‐LEVEL CHANGES AND VARIATIONS IN SEDIMENTATION RATE ON OVERPRESSURE BUILD UP IN THE CLAY‐RICH OVERBURDEN IN THE DANISH SECTOR OF THE NORTH SEA CENTRAL GRABEN
Authors: Orozova‐Bekkevold Ivanka , Rasmussen Erik Skovbjerg , Schovsbo Niels Hemmingsen
Published: April 2023

Overpressure build up in the clay‐rich succession between sea floor and the top of the Chalk Group in the area around wells North Jens‐1 and Fasan‐1 in the Danish sector of the Central Graben, North Sea was examined by forward modelling. “Overpressure”, i.e. fluid pressure higher than hydrostatic pressure, is expressed here in terms of both the difference between pore pressure and hydrostatic pressure at a given depth and the ratio between these pressures. Pore pressure changes over time were estimated by numerical simulation of post‐Danian depositional processes, incorporating sea level changes and variations in sedimentation rate. Results show that the deposition of the post‐Danian (“overburden”) succession led to overpressure build up both in the overburden itself and in the underlying sediments (the so‐called “underburden”). The largest estimated present‐day overpressures (4.9‐5.6 MPa, 23‐26% above hydrostatic) occur at the base of the overburden, while an overpressure of up to 5.5 MPa was calculated to occur in the underburden. Variations in sedimentation rate appeared to have influenced the build‐up of overpressure in the overburden, although no significant effect was found in the underburden.

The results indicate that more than 50% of the present‐day overpressure in the overburden was generated in the last 5.3 million years, i.e. during the Pliocene and the Quaternary. When variations in sedimentation rate during the Miocene were included in the modelling calculation, this proportion increased to nearly 70%. A decrease in sedimentation rate in the mid‐Miocene (Serravallian, 15‐11.2 Ma) and the late Miocene (Messinian, 7.5‐5.3 Ma) resulted in the dissipation of overpressures generated previously when the sedimentation rate was higher. About 60% of the overpressure generated in the Miocene developed during the Tortonian but only 14% during the Messinian.

Water depth appears to influence the overpressure magnitude. Sea level changes played a minor and short‐lived role in overpressure build up. The influence of water depth was most pronounced when it was significantly greater than the thickness of the deposited sediments.

The method of overpressure estimation used in this paper may be a valuable alternative to methods based on porosity trend analysis which are widely used in the oil and gas industry. Both the methods used here and the results may be useful in subsurface evaluations related to carbon storage in the Danish Central Graben (e.g. project Green Sand).
A voice of experience: Positive and negative experiences of mental health from a service user's/lived experience perspective
Authors: Gray Benjamin
Published: April 2023

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

People with mental health problems are often left behind, forgotten and excludedLittle is known or written from a service user perspective about experiences of psychiatry, mental health nursing, Mental Health Tribunals and alternative approaches (such as counselling, peer support, psychological and recovery approaches, cognitive behavioural therapy—CBT and creative/art/music/drama/horticultural/dance therapies).

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

This paper aims to remedy this gap in knowledgeIt focuses on positive and negative experiences of psychiatry, Mental Health Tribunals and alternative treatments from a service user's perspective.

What are the implications for practice?

The paper makes several recommendations. In brief, (1) psychiatrists need to listen more attentively rather than being focused on signs of psychosis; (2) de‐escalation techniques (for example, talking calmly with the patient) should be used by nurses before physical restraint; (3) psychiatry should be less biomedical. Nurses and social care professionals deserve better training, time for and practice in alternative and more therapeutic forms of care; (4) carers need to be more involved; (5) there need to be better, more democratic, more open processes of law; (6) voluntary work and supported employment schemes should be run by health and social services for people who want to work and want to have a vocational life.

This paper aims to describe the lived experience of mental illness, coercive treatment by psychiatry and mental health nursing, and the problematic case and bias of Mental Health Tribunals. It then looks at more positive experiences of alternative approaches and makes recommendations for improving mental health services and people's experiences of them.
Mineral, trace element, and toxic metal concentration in hair from dogs with idiopathic epilepsy compared to healthy controls
Authors: Rosendahl Sarah , Anturaniemi Johanna , Kukko‐Lukjanov Tiina‐Kaisa , Vuori Kristiina A. , Moore Robin , Hemida Manal , Muhle Anne , Hielm‐Björkman Anna
Published: April 2023

Background

Altered trace element status is associated with epilepsy in humans and dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE).

Objectives

Compare hair element concentrations in epileptic and healthy dogs.

Animals

Sixty‐three dogs with IE (53 treated, 10 untreated) and 42 controls.

Methods

Case‐control study using ICP‐MS to determine hair calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, selenium, chromium, lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, aluminum, and nickel concentration. Groups were compared using nonparametric tests. Results were controlled for diet, sex, age, and hair color using generalized linear mixed models.

Results

Compared to healthy controls, dogs with IE had lower hair phosphorus (mean ± SD; IE: 286.19 ± 69.62 μg/g, healthy: 324.52 ± 58.69 μg/g; P = .001), higher hair copper (IE: 10.97 ± 3.51 μg/g, healthy: 8.41 ± 1.27 μg/g; P < .001), zinc (IE: 158.25 ± 19.64 μg/g, healthy: 144.76 ± 32.18 μg/g; P < .001), copper/zinc ratio (IE: 0.07 ± 0.02, healthy: 0.06 ± 0.01; P = .003), selenium (IE: 1.65 ± 0.43 μg/g, healthy: 0.94 ± 0.73 μg/g; P < .001), and arsenic (IE: 0.40 ± 0.78 μg/g, healthy: 0.05 ± 0.08 μg/g; P < .001). When comparing treated and untreated epileptic dogs with healthy dogs, the differences in phosphorus and selenium remained significant for both groups, whereas the differences in copper, zinc, and arsenic were significant only for treated dogs. Potassium bromide treatment was strongly associated with high hair arsenic (P = .000).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Altered trace element status could be involved in the pathophysiology of IE in dogs. Antiseizure drugs might affect trace element and arsenic metabolism.
Hepatitis C screening and detection program in a large population: Epidemiological transition and characterization of the disease
Authors: Kershenobich David , Higuera‐de‐la Tijera Fatima , Flores Nayelli , Cerda‐Reyes Eira , Castro‐Narro Graciela , Aceves Guillermo , Ruiz‐Lujan Rodolfo , Ramos‐Medina Salvador , Linares Jesus , Azamar‐Alonso Amilcar , Mendez‐Navarro Jorge , Chirino‐Sprung Ruby
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is considered an important public health challenge. Traditionally identified risk factors have undergone an epidemiological transition where other risk factors have become the main cause of new infections.

Objective

To describe risk factors associated to hepatitis C positivity through the evaluation of the epidemiological profile in hepatitis‐C high‐risk populations.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study was conducted as part of an HCV screening program in Mexican population. All participants answered an HCV risk‐factor questionnaire and took a rapid test (RT). All patients reactive to the test were subject to HCV PCR (polymerase chain reaction) confirmation. A logistic regression model was used to examine associations between HCV infection and risk factors.

Results

The study included 297 631 participants that completed a risk factor questionnaire and underwent an HCV rapid test (RT). In total, 12 840 (4.5%) were reactive to RT and 9257 (3.2% of participants) were confirmed as positives by PCR test. Of these, 72.9% had at least one risk factor and 10.8% were in prison. Most common risk factors were history of acupuncture/tattooing/piercing (21%), intravenous drug use (15%) and high‐risk sexual practices (12%). Logistic regressions found that having at least one risk factor increased the probability of having an HCV‐positive result by 20% (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.15–1.26), compared to the population without risk factors.

Conclusions

We identified 3.2% of HCV‐viremic subjects, all associated with risk factors and older age. Screening and diagnosis of HCV in high‐risk populations (including underserved populations) should be more efficient.
A case of catalepsy after multiple cerebral infarctions
Authors: Maeda Takuma , Okawara Mai , Osakabe Manabu , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Maeda Takahiro , Maeshima Shinichiro
Published: April 2023

Reports of stroke‐related catalepsy and other catatonia syndromes are rare. A 68‐year‐old man was admitted to a local hospital 10 days prior for heart failure. He subsequently developed multiple cerebral infarctions and was referred to our hospital for emergency care. He spontaneously opened his eyes but did not speak. He had hemiparesis on the right side. Diffusion‐weighted imaging revealed high‐intensity areas in the left frontal and parietal lobes and right cerebellar hemisphere. Rehabilitation therapy was initiated in the acute stage. When he was instructed to raise his left upper limb 90°, he maintained the posture for more than 5 min. We hypothesized that catatonia syndromes, including catalepsy, were caused by damage to the orbitofrontal, premotor, supplementary motor cortices, and basal forebrain. These abnormalities disappeared after 4 months. Catalepsy may also be observed in organic central nervous system diseases, such as stroke, and should be considered in stroke care.
Calcium concentration of drinking water to improve calcium intake: A simulation study
Authors: Cormick Gabriela , Romero Iris B. , Matamoros Natalia , Sosa Miriam , GugoleOttaviano M. Fernanda , Garitta Lorena , Belizán José M. , Gibbons Luz
Published: April 2023

The risk of inadequate calcium intake is a worldwide problem. We performed a simulation exercise on the impact, effectiveness, and safety of increasing calcium levels in drinking water using the 2019 Health and Nutrition National Survey of Argentina, which provides water intake and water sources data at the individual level. We simulated the distribution of calcium intake assuming a calcium concentration of 100 mg of calcium per liter of tap water and 400 mg of calcium per liter of bottled water. After the simulation, all population groups had a slightly improved calcium intake. Higher impacts were observed in adults, as reported water intake was higher in adults 19–51 years old. In young adult women, the estimated calcium intake inadequacy decreased from 91.0% to 79.7% when calcium was increased in tap water and to 72.2% when calcium was increased in tap and bottled water. The impact was lower in adolescents and older adults who have higher calcium recommendations and reported lower water intake. Increased calcium concentration of water could improve calcium intake in Argentina, especially in adults as their reported water intake is higher. Combining more than one strategy to improve calcium intake might be required for countries like Argentina with low calcium intake.
Rethinking human cytomegalovirus latency reservoir
Authors: Schwartz Michal , Stern‐Ginossar Noam
Published: April 2023

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a prevalent herpesvirus, infecting the majority of the human population. Like other herpesviruses, it causes lifelong infection through the establishment of latency. Although reactivation from latency can cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts, our understanding of HCMV latency and how it is maintained remains limited. Here, we discuss the characterized latency reservoir in hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and the gaps in our knowledge of mechanisms that facilitate HCMV genome maintenance in dividing cells. We further review clinical evidence that strongly suggests the tissue origin of HCMV reactivation, and we outline similarities to murine cytomegalovirus where latency in tissue‐resident cells has been demonstrated. Overall, we think these observations call for a rethinking of HCMV latency reservoirs and point to potential sources of HCMV latency that reside in tissues.
Poetical thanatosonics—from vibrating bodies to documentary poems, based on Polish wartime verse
Authors: Lisak‐Gębala Dobrawa
Published: April 2023

Bringing together the methodology of sound studies and literary criticism, this article examines multiple affordances of documentary poems that stage wartime sounds along with correlated somatic reactions and diverse modes of sonic affectivity. The conceptual tools are borrowed from the works of J. Martin Daughtry, who coined the term “thanatosonics” to render the unity of wartime violence and audial phenomena. Daughtry's model of wartime audition provides a comprehensive framework for the analysis of poems which can be treated as first‐hand testimonies originating from one of the following: “the trauma,” “tactical,” “narrational,” or “audible inaudible” zones. These testimonies can also be analyzed through the complementary scheme of affective zones that seizes the multitude of sonically triggered reactions, from the pure shock identifiable with a sudden burst of affect, through emergent emotions connected with survival skills, to elaborated patterns within the cultural politics of emotions. The positionality of the authors of thanatosonic verse is essential, and different measures have to be taken towards texts written by soldiers and non‐combatants (e.g., civilians, prisoners). The proposed methodology is applied to examine both traditional and avant‐garde poems written in Polish during World War II.
Early Maladaptive Schemas and Schema Modes in clinical disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Bär Andreas , Bär Hannah E. , Rijkeboer Marleen M. , Lobbestael Jill
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Although schema therapy has been predominantly applied to treat personality disorders, interest into its application in other clinical disorders is growing. Central to schema therapy are Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) and Schema Modes. Since existing EMS and Schema Modes were primarily developed in the context of personality disorders, their relevance for clinical disorders is unclear.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of the presence of EMS and Schema Modes in clinical disorders according to DSM criteria. Per disorder, we evaluated which EMS and Schema Modes were more pronounced in comparison with clinical as well as non‐clinical control groups and which EMS and Schema Modes were most highly endorsed within the disorder.

Results

Although evidence concerning EMS was scarce for several disorders, and only few studies on Schema Modes survived inclusion criteria, we identified meaningful relationships and patterns for EMS and Schema Modes in various clinical disorders.

Conclusions

The present review highlights the relevance of EMS and Schema Modes for clinical disorders beyond personality disorders. Depending on the theme of the representation, EMS act as vulnerabilities both across diagnoses and for specific disorders. Thus, EMS and resulting Schema Modes are potential, valuable targets for the prevention and treatment of clinical disorders.
A case of conversion disorder presenting as chronic trismus
Authors: Merrill Robert L. , Goodman Donald , Chamani Goli , Shabani Mohammad
Published: April 2023

Trismus can be the symptom of several diseases. For the most part, the inability to open the mouth is due to an articular disorder but occasionally, the cause may be extra‐articular. In this case, being reported, non‐articular hysterical trismus caused the jaw to lock in an 11‐year‐old boy for 3 months. During this period the jaw was completely locked and the locking was associated with moderate to severe pain. After three sessions of therapy the patient was able to open his mouth 33 mm and his eating was back to normal. Conversion disorders often present with dramatic physical presentation including trismus and jaw lock. This report highlights the importance of complete history taking and a thorough clinical examination to make a correct diagnosis in a patient with trismus.
Progress in Analytical Modeling of Water Hammer
Authors: Urbanowicz Kamil , Jing Haixiao , Bergant Anton , Stosiak Michał , Lubecki Marek
Published: April 2023

Analytical formulas for laminar water hammer in horizontal pipes were extended and simplified into a compact mathematical form based on dimensionless parameters: dimensionless time, water hammer number, etc. Detailed treatment of turbulent water hammer analytical solutions is beyond the scope of this paper. In the Muto and Takahashi solution, novel Laplace and time domain formulas for flow velocity and wall shear stress were developed. A series of comparative studies of unified analytical solutions with numerical solutions and the results of measurements were carried out. The study shows that models that account for the frequency-dependent nature of hydraulic resistance agree very well with experimental results over a wide range of water hammer numbers Wh, particularly when Wh ≤ 0.1.
Effect of plasma nitriding substrate current density on the adhesion strength of in situ PVD TiN coatings
Authors: Zhang Xin , Tian Xiu-bo , Gong Chun-zhi , Liu Xiang-li , Li Jin
Published: April 2023

TiN coatings were in situ deposited on un-nitrided and nitrided M2 high speed steels by electrically enhanced cathodic arc evaporation technology. The morphology, microstructure, phase composition, as well as microhardness and nano-hardness of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, X-ray diffraction, Vickers hardness tester, and nano-indentation, respectively. In especially, the effect of nitriding substrate current density on the adhesion strength of in situ TiN coatings was investigated by Rockwell indentation and scratch tests. The results showed that the nitrided layer thickness increased with increasing substrate current density and “bright” nitrided layer was achieved. In the Rockwell indentation test, the radial cracks on the surface of the duplex-treated samples originated from the hard and brittle nitrided layer as compared to the nitrided substrate, which corresponded to the failure mechanism of brittle fracture. In the scratch test, the adhesion strength of coating to substrates was significantly improved by nitriding pretreatment. Furthermore, the critical load of the duplex-treated samples increased with the increase of nitriding substrate current density. In addition, tensile cracks only occurred in the case of the N120/TiN sample.
The receptor kinase FERONIA regulates phosphatidylserine localization at the cell surface to modulate ROP signaling
Authors: Smokvarska Marija , Bayle Vincent , Maneta-Peyret Lilly , Fouillen Laetitia , Poitout Arthur , Dongois Armelle , Fiche Jean-Bernard , Gronnier Julien , Garcia José , Höfte Herman , Nolmann Marcelo , Zipfel Cyril , Maurel Christophe , Moreau Patrick , Jaillais Yvon , Martiniere Alexandre
Published: April 2023

Cells maintain a constant dialog between the extracellular matrix and their plasma membrane to fine tune signal transduction processes. We found that the receptor kinase FERONIA (FER), which is a proposed cell wall sensor, modulates phosphatidylserine plasma membrane accumulation and nano-organization, a key regulator of Rho GTPase signaling in Arabidopsis. We demonstrate that FER is required for both Rho-of-Plant 6 (ROP6) nano-partitioning at the membrane and downstream production of reactive oxygen species upon hyperosmotic stimulus. Genetic and pharmacological rescue experiments indicate that phosphatidylserine is required for a subset of, but not all, FER functions. Furthermore, application of FER ligand shows that its signaling controls both phosphatidylserine membrane localization and nanodomains formation, which, in turn, tunes ROP6 signaling. Together, we propose that a cell wall–sensing pathway controls via the regulation of membrane phospholipid content, the nano-organization of the plasma membrane, which is an essential cell acclimation to environmental perturbations.
Adenovirus core protein V reinforces the capsid and enhances genome release from disrupted particles
Authors: Martín-González Natalia , Gómez-González Alfonso , Hernando-Pérez Mercedes , Bauer Michael , Greber Urs F. , San Martín Carmen , de Pablo Pedro J.
Published: April 2023

Out of the three core proteins in human adenovirus, protein V is believed to connect the inner capsid surface to the outer genome layer. Here, we explored mechanical properties and in vitro disassembly of particles lacking protein V (Ad5-ΔV). Ad5-ΔV particles were softer and less brittle than the wild-type ones (Ad5-wt), but they were more prone to release pentons under mechanical fatigue. In Ad5-ΔV, core components did not readily diffuse out of partially disrupted capsids, and the core appeared more condensed than in Ad5-wt. These observations suggest that instead of condensing the genome, protein V antagonizes the condensing action of the other core proteins. Protein V provides mechanical reinforcement and facilitates genome release by keeping DNA connected to capsid fragments that detach during disruption. This scenario is in line with the location of protein V in the virion and its role in Ad5 cell entry.