bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negligible import of enteric pathogens by newly arrived asylum seekers and no impact on incidence of notified Salmonella and Shigella infections and outbreaks in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, January 2015 to May 2016
Authors: Ehlkes Lutz , George Maja , Knautz Donald , Burckhardt Florian , Jahn Klaus , Vogt Manfred , Zanger Philipp
Published: May 2018

Introduction

The 2015 refugee crisis raised concerns about an import of infectious diseases affecting the German population. Aims: To evaluate public and individual health benefits of stool screening, and explore whether importation of enteric pathogens by newly arrived asylum seekers impacts on the host population. Methods: We used data from mandatory stool screening to determine the overall, age, sex, and country-specific prevalence of enteric bacteria and helminths. We used surveillance data to assess whether the number of incoming asylum seekers influenced notifications of salmonellosis and shigellosis in Rhineland-Palatinate. Results: Salmonella were found in 0.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2–0.3%) of 23,410 samples collected from January 2015 to May 2016. Prevalence was highest in children under 5 years (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.5–1.3%). No Shigella or invasive Salmonella spp. were detected. In a subset of 14,511 samples, the prevalence of helminth infestation was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.1–2.6%), with highest proportions detected in adolescents (4.6%; 95% CI 3.8–5.4%) and among Eritreans (9.3%; 95% CI: 7.0–12.0%); in the latter particularly Schistosoma mansoni and Taenia spp. The increase in asylum applications did not increase notifications of salmonellosis and shigellosis. No transmission from asylum seekers to German residents was notified. Conclusion: Public health risk associated with imported enteric pathogens is very low overall. Addressing individual and public health risks, we recommend replacing stool screening of all newly arrived asylum seekers by a targeted approach, with target groups and approaches being adapted if necessary. Target groups supported by our data are children, adolescents, and Eritreans.
Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Lessepsian Suez Puffer (Lagocephalus suezensis Clark and Gohar, 1953) from North-Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: EKEN Meltem , TURAN Funda , AYDIN Fatmagün , KARAN Serpil
Published: May 2018

In the present study, the heavy metal concentrations in different organs (skin and muscle tissue)
were studied in Lessepsian suez puffer (Lagocephalus suezensis Clark and Gohar, 1953)
collected from Iskenderun Bay, North-eastern Mediterranean. Heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Co, Cr,
Fe, Mn, Ni & Zn) were analyzed in different organs for the above mentioned species. The
maximum heavy metals concentrations in muscle tissues of the species were Cu 1.750 mg/kg, Fe
18.096 mg/kg, Mn 0.606 mg/kg, Zn 228.571 mg/kg, Cd 2.00 mg/kg, Co 3.571 mg/kg, Cr 0.952
mg/kg, Ni 1.500 mg/kg and Pb 18.095 mg/kg. Zn was detected higher in all the samples followed
by Fe, Pb, Co, Cd, Cu, Ni, Cr and Mn. In the present study, heavy metal concentrations were
found high in muscle tissues when compared to skin. The Pb, Cd and Zn concentration over the
recommended limits was found in Lagocephalus suezensis. Further, this is the first report on
distribution of heavy metals and proximate compositions of commercialized important edible
pufferfishes from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. 
Indikasi Penyimpangan Laporan Keuangan Akademik Universitas XYZ Menggunakan Algoritma Greedy dan K-Means
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Seruni Harvin
Published: May 2018

Penyimpangan keuangan sering ditemukan diberbagai instansi seperti yang terjadi pada 16 PTN (Merdeka.com) dalam pelaporan keuangan banyak ketidak wajaran pada laporan BPK (Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan), hal ini terjadi karena mekanisme pelaporan di internal universitas belum adanya audit keuangan. Hal ini perlu dibuat aplikasi yang dapat mendeteksi terjadinya penyimpangan pada proposal dan laporan keuangan yang berdampak pada laporan tidak wajar,  penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma Greedy dan K-Mean Clustering. Aplikasi deteksi keuangan akademik pada universitas xyz memiliki fungsi pembuatan proposal, laporan keuangan, monitoring  dari para penanggung jawab untuk memudahkan pengawasan serta adanya notifikasi apabila terjadi ketidak wajaran anggaran. Penerapan algoritma Greedy dan K-Mean pada aplikasi dapat diterapkan dengan simulasi proposal dan laporan yang memiliki harga wajar dan tidak wajar, menunjukkan keberhasilan dengan adanya notifikasi setiap proposal dan laporan yang tidak wajar pada keuangan.
Optimasi Parameter Pemulusan Algoritma Brown Menggunakan Metode Golden Section Untuk Prediksi Data Tren Positif dan Negatif
Authors: Akbari Fiqih , Setyanto Arief , Wibowo Ferry Wahyu
Published: May 2018

Algoritma DES (Double Exponential Smoothing) Brown merupakan algoritma peramalan yang digunakan untuk memprediksi data deret berkala baik berpola tren positif maupun tren negatif. Namun algoritma ini mempunyai kelemahan yaitu dalam menentukan nilai parameter optimum untuk meminimasi error peramalan (MAPE), nilai parameter tersebut dicari menggunakan metode Golden Section dimana sebelumnya dicari secara manual menggunakan percobaan berulang kali. Penelitian ini menggunakan 60 data berpola tren yang dianalisis untuk pengelompokan pola data tren positif dan negatif dimana selanjutnya dilakukan proses peramalan, evaluasi dan pengujian untuk mengetahui jenis pola data tren apa yang terbaik. Dari hasil perhitungan dan pengujian diketahui bahwa parameter optimasi menghasilkan nilai MAPE yang optimum, dimana selanjutnya nilai parameter tersebut dilakukan proses peramalan pada kelompok pola data tren positif dan negatif yang menghasilkan rata-rata nilai MAPE sebesar 9,73401% (highly accurate) untuk data berpola tren positif dan 15,78467% (good forecast) untuk data berpola tren negatif. Algoritma peramalan DES Brown dengan metode optimasi parameter menghasilkan nilai pendekatan terhadap data asli jika data tersebut menunjukkan penambahan atau penurunan nilai disekitar nilai rata-rata. Sebaliknya, akan menghasilkan nilai MAPE yang tinggi (tidak akurat) jika data tersebut memiliki lonjakan periode nilai data. Dari kedua kelompok nilai MAPE tersebut dilakukan uji t statistik yang menyatakan bahwa data berpola tren positif () menghasilkan nilai rata-rata MAPE lebih baik dibandingkan data berpola tren negatif (μ2).
Distribución potencial de barrenadores, defoliadores, descortezadores y muérdagos en bosques de coníferas de México
Authors: Sosa Díaz Librado , Méndez González Jorge , García Aranda Mario Alberto , Cambrón Sandoval Víctor Hugo , Villarreal Quintanilla José Ángel , Ruiz González Cecilia Guadalupe , Montoya Jiménez Juan Carlos
Published: May 2018

La distribución de plagas forestales en México es incierta, pues existe información escasa sobre áreas potenciales de bosques por ser afectados mediante algún tipo de plaga, o información sobre sus preferencias climáticas y ecológicas. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en modelar la distribución potencial de insectos barrenadores (B), defoliadores (d), descortezadores (D) y muérdagos (M) mediante variables climáticas y dasométricas a través de MaxEnt (Máxima Entropía). Los registros de plagas forestales se obtuvieron durante el desarrollo del Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos (2009-2014) y fueron proporcionados por la Comisión Nacional Forestal. Los modelos se probaron y validaron con el paquete dismo de R. Los generados mostraron ajustes aceptables (AUC > 0.85). La superficie potencial estimada por modelo, acorde al umbral mínimo de presencia conocida (> 0.1), fue alrededor de 270 (B), 307 (D), 315 (d) y 308 mil km2 (M). La mayor área potencial para los cuatro tipos de plaga se predijo en Chihuahua, Durango y Oaxaca, así como la probabilidad de ocurrencia más alta (> 0.90). Las variables climáticas contribuyeron con el mayor porcentaje para D y d (75.1 y 71.9 %); mientras que, para B y M, las dasométricas (73.6 y 59.8 %). El análisis de parámetros dasométricos indica que los cuatro tipos de plaga tienen preferencia por bosques con árboles de diámetros pequeños y sitios con pocas especies hospederas. Los bosques con mayor susceptibilidad se ubican en Chihuahua (M) y Michoacán, Estado de México, Nuevo León, Jalisco y Chihuahua (D).
Supervivencia y crecimiento de dos especies forestales, con base en la morfología inicial al plantarse
Authors: Prieto Ruíz José Ángel , Duarte Santos Adolfo , Goche Télles José Rodolfo , González Orozco María Mónica , Pulgarin Gámiz Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2018

Las reforestaciones exitosas dependen de varios factores, la calidad de planta es uno de ellos, ya que es determinante para su establecimiento después de plantada. El objetivo del ensayo fue evaluar el efecto de dos condiciones morfológicas de planta, basadas en la altura, diámetro al cuello, la supervivencia y crecimiento inicial de Pinus cooperi y Pinus engelmannii en Agua Zarca, Otinapa, Durango. La planta se distribuyó bajo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento. Después de 13 meses, en Pinus engelmannii solo se determinaron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en la supervivencia y la altura, con los mejores resultados en los individuos con la condición morfológica alta. Las diferencias en supervivencia, entre tratamientos, fueron de 50 %, mientras que en la altura de 3.37 cm y en el diámetro de 4.87 mm. En Pinus cooperi, únicamente, existieron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en la altura, con una separación entre valores de 6.7 cm, y en la supervivencia fue de 2.5 %, con más de 90 % de supervivencia en ambas calidades; en el diámetro, las diferencias fueron menores a 1.0 mm; en todos los casos, la planta con los atributos morfológicos más altos registró los valores mayores. Con relación a la supervivencia entre especies, sin considerar la condición morfológica de la planta, las diferencias finales fueron de 51.2 %, con los porcentajes más altos para P. cooperi, especie que mejor se adaptó a las condiciones del sitio de plantación.
Revascularização no Pé Diabético: Caso Clínico
Authors: Pinheiro Ana Sofia de Sá Monteiro Gil , Brandão Daniel , Barreto Paulo , Ferreira Joana , Lopes José Almeida , Sousa Joel , Mansilha Armando
Published: May 2018

Em Portugal, a prevalência da diabetes mellitus é cerca de 13,3%. Uma das complicações da diabetes é a amputação. Destas, 70% são precedidas de uma úlcera. Apresentamos o caso de um doente do sexo masculino de 46 anos de idade, fumador, com antecedentes de diabetes mellitus não controlada, que recorreu ao serviço de urgência por uma úlcera no pé direito com cerca de dois meses de evolução. Foi internado com o diagnóstico de pé diabético neuroisquémico, para controlo de infeção, analgesia e revascularização. Consideramos o caso clínico pertinente dada a prevalência crescente de diabetes mellitus e da doença arterial obstrutiva periférica. Salienta-se a importância da instituição de tratamento precoce, em particular da revascularização e do controlo da infeção, o que conduzirá à diminuição da taxa de amputações major.

Recebido: 30/10/2017 - Aceite: 29/11/2017
Institutional Strategies to Promote the Health of Black Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Nnawulezi Nkiru , West Carolyn M.
Published: May 2018

Intimate partner violence is the use of physical, sexual, and/or psychological aggression by a current or former intimate partner as a tactic to maintain control. Abuse can have devastating long-term health consequences, including physical injuries and mental health problems such as depression and anxiety disorders. Despite these challenges, Black women actively seek out support from multiple formal institutions to keep themselves and their families safe. Yet Black women face structural barriers when they seek assistance. Using a Black feminist perspective, this paper describes strategies that can be employed to improve institutional responses to Black women survivors and concludes with suggestions for future practice.
Enacting Our Multidimensional Power: Black Women Sex Educators Demonstrate the Value of an Intersectional Sexuality Education Framework
Authors: Flowers Sara C.
Published: May 2018

Historically, Black women have contributed to the foundations of medical research, gynecology, sexuality education, and sexual and reproductive justice, and continue to do so today. However, the intersections of race- and gender-based oppression have repeatedly erased or undermined Black women’s prominence as thought leaders in the field of sex and sexuality. Despite participating in the development of the field since its inception, Black women’s contributions continue to be marginalized. Furthermore, practical benefits of the knowledge that was gleaned from Black women’s bodies (i.e. gynecology and other medical and drug experimentation) have not been equitably disseminated to Black women and girls. Black women sex educators possess a unique set of knowledge and skills that, when centered, has the potential to positively and materially impact the way that sexuality education is practiced.
Modal Idioms and Their Rhetorical Associations in Rachmaninoff’s Works
Authors: Johnston Blair
Published: May 2018

In this article, I examine passages from more than a dozen works by Rachmaninoff—especially the Third Symphony, op. 44—in order to better understand the significance that certain modal idioms (diatonic and equal-interval) have in his harmonic language and to show the consistency with which he treats these idioms across his oeuvre. I describe three types of diatonic modal idiom and three types of equal-interval modal idiom and I outline their basic rhetorical associations in Rachmaninoff’s music: diatonic modal idioms are consistently associated with introduction, exposition, digression, and post-climactic activity while equal-interval modal idioms are consistently associated with intensification, climax, and destabilization. I consider the implications those rhetorical associations have for the analysis of entire compositions, and, along the way, I suggest possible avenues for future research on Rachmaninoff’s position within both the pan-Europeanfin de siècleand the so-called Russian “silver age.”
Strophic Modification in Songs by Amy Beach
Authors: Malawey Victoria
Published: May 2018

American composer Amy Beach wrote over a hundred art songs, many of which comprise compelling hybrid formal designs that fuse principles of modified strophic form with other formal schemes. In order to explore form in Beach’s art songs that resist simple classification, I develop a new model for interpreting song form that situates songs based on the nature of recurring material, from strophic (maximal recurring material) to through-composed (minimal recurring material). Analyses of “Within Thy Heart” (op. 29, no. 1) and “Forgotten” (op. 41, no. 3) demonstrate additions to and departures from strophic design. An analysis of “Ah, Love, but a Day!” (op. 44, no. 2) highlights complex principles of strophic modification in which the melody preserves strophic structure but the harmony and texture depart from strophic design. Finally, analyses of “Sweetheart, Sigh No More” (op. 14, no. 3) and “Wind o’ the Westland” (op. 77, no. 2) explore blurred boundaries and quasi-parallel constructions within sectional formal designs.
On Performing Chopin’s Barcarolle
Authors: Kopp David
Published: May 2018

This article focuses on the author’s experience relating musical analysis to performance issues in Chopin’s Barcarolle for piano. Central to the inquiry is an integrated perspective in which performance and analysis continually inform each other, with tangible results. Challenges to performance include the similarity and repetitiveness of textures and sectional characters over a long musical expanse; a succession of tightly packed, highly charged subsections toward the end; and significant structural and motivic events to be associated over spans of time. Analytic approaches reveal long-range motivic and pitch-class connections, directing the author’s attention to ways of performing significant events. A suggestive programmatic image drawn from personal experience aids in organizing distinctions of metric emphasis, texture, and gesture for a large portion of the piece. An examination of structural phrase-types in relation to conceptions of form helps to strategize the pacing of the final sections, leading to an unconventional performance decision.
Planning for Student Variability
Authors: Quaglia Bruce W.
Published: May 2018

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) embodies a set of principles for developing accessible curricula and inclusive classroom learning environments. It is a flexible framework that can be adapted to the individual needs and predilections of a diverse set of learners, including students with disabilities. UDL can reduce the need for individual accommodations for disabled students, but its goal is to enhance learning for all students. Research and practical applications have demonstrated that designing curricula that are intended to provide greater access to learners who are in the margins also benefits many other learners. The objective of UDL is to develop expert learners throughout a curriculum by providing multiple means for learning, engagement, and demonstration at each level of instruction. The core music theory and musicianship curriculum taught at most colleges and universities will benefit from the guidelines established for UDL, and these are adaptable to various forms of curricular content. This article provides an overview of the history of UDL and its guidelines, and then proposes strategies for their implementation that are specific to music theory and musicianship pedagogy at the planning phase of course design, including assessment. The discussion engages learning typologies as a means for addressing learner variability throughout the course design.
Expansive Form in Pink Floyd’s “Dogs”
Authors: Cohen Gilad
Published: May 2018

In their seventeen-minute track “Dogs” from the 1977 LPAnimals, Pink Floyd used a small amount of material, appropriate to a standard-length song, and expanded each of its sections enormously by employing heavy repetition and an exceptionally slow harmonic pace. Yet how can a rock song that is based on so little material retain vitality over the course of such a prolonged duration? This paper analyzes and assesses the ways in which “Dogs” succeeds in maintaining a sense of variety, direction, and cohesiveness throughout its extended length. Through an inspired scheme of structurally foundational guitar solos, a motivic use of melodic and harmonic tension, and a meticulously woven fabric of text, harmony, texture, sound, and instrumentation, the song maintains a propulsive forward drive in spite of its thematic economy.
Hipster Harmony
Authors: Heetderks David J.
Published: May 2018

This article argues that art-rock groups active since 2000 often use chromatic progressions between seventh chords and other chords of four or more notes in order to differentiate themselves from generic rock styles. These groups introduce chromatic progressions through one of three schemas: altering a recurring diatonic progression (a recurring Roman-numeral progression), exploring the voice-leading possibilities of a recurring chord (a magic chord), and exploring the diatonic and chromatic possibilities of a voice-leading motion (a magic voice leading). When a chromatic progression appears, it functions as a large-scale, tonally undetermined alternation between two chords, or as a substitution for a normative progression. Hybrid syntax occurs where progressions arising from the techniques listed above are juxtaposed with common rock progressions. I analyze instances of hybrid syntax in songs by Dirty Projectors, Deerhunter, Mew, Grizzly Bear, and Radiohead. In these songs, chromatic progressions conspire with lyrics, timbre, and texture to convey otherworldliness or ambiguity, supporting the depictions of unusual personae or situations that art-rock groups favor.
Normative Wit
Authors: Mastic Timothy R.
Published: May 2018

This article approaches Haydn’s treatment of sonata form from the perspective of the eighteenth-century listener, asking: if a moment is allegedly “witty” according to modern analysts, would Haydn’s contemporary audience have heard it as such? Eighteenth-century wit is a two-sided coin: wit does involve an aspect of surprise or deception, a breaking of understood norms; however, wit must also involve an unsuspected congruity, a larger-scale connection created only by breaking the aforementioned norm. Taking this as my starting point, I provide detailed analyses of the first movements of Haydn’s “Military” Symphony no. 100 and String Quartet in D major, op. 33 no. 6. Compared to the expectations set forth by each exposition, Haydn has recomposed each piece’s respective recapitulation in a significant way. I argue that these pieces are witty in the eighteenth-century sense of the term but not in the sense that the term has been used by recent scholars such as Hepokoski and Darcy, who emphasize the disruptive aspects of wit. Ultimately, I suggest that Haydn can be witty without necessarily being deceptive; wit can involve establishing a kind of unexpected coherence that binds together the recapitulation and another section of a sonata form.
Old and New Isometries between Pc sets in the Planet-4D Model
Authors: Amiot Emmanuel , Baroin Gilles
Published: May 2018

The Planet-4D model introduced by Baroin 2011b is a richer model of pitch-class relationships than the standard cyclic model of the clock-face diagram: instead of the distribution of twelve points on a circle in a 2D plane, the Planet-4D model places the twelve pcs on a 4D hypersphere. Beyond the usual T/I group of symmetries, which is still featured in this new musical space, the additional dimensions yield other isometries (most notably now including the M5/M7 operations), which appear here in animated visualizations of musical pieces. The present article elucidates how these isometries are in fact well-known symmetries that do not preserve shape in most previous models with fewer dimensions. The hyper-spherical environment grants each symbol an equivalent physical position, and therefore allows for more symmetries than any 3D model. This article also shows that the model provides a visually intuitive geometric setting of pcs, in accordance with our perception of 3D Euclidean space, where transpositions by major and minor third are elementary rotations.
Compositional Strategies in Purcell’s Second Three-Part Fantazia
Authors: Howard Alan
Published: May 2018

This article examines the sources of Purcell’s second three-part fantazia for evidence pertaining to Purcell’s creative process, both in the autograph and other sources and in the details of the music they preserve. This method, combining paleography and analytical interpretation in light of contemporaneous sources, is proposed as a means of analysis for this repertoire with a demonstrable basis in historically relevant theoretical literature.
Playing with Beats and Playing with Cats:Meow the Jewels, Remixes, and Reinterpretations
Authors: Adams Kyle
Published: May 2018

This article examines the ways in which remix producers can reconfigure aspects of the listening experience in a hip-hop track. I begin by discussing recent scholarship on the creative contributions of hip-hop producers. Following that, I present a series of case studies of remixes from the 2015 albumMeow the Jewels, in which several independent producers remixed tracks fromRun the Jewels(2014). Using recent work by Mark Butler, Rebecca Leydon, Elizabeth Margulis, and others as a framework, I analyze the remixes and compare them to the original tracks in order to demonstrate the manipulation of metrical, temporal, and expressive characteristics of each song.
Perceiving Irony in Music
Authors: Bourne Janet
Published: May 2018

Hatten (".fn_cite_year($hatten_1994).") writes that if musical passages are “inappropriate to the context of the movement . . . an ironic interpretation would be one way to reconcile that inappropriateness as a compositional effect rather than a flaw” (185). Is there something systematic that prompts listeners to interpret musical “inappropriateness” as ironic? Building upon Hatten’s work, this article explores how a listener might infer irony in Beethoven’s music by drawing on cognitive principles and analogies shared by music and language. I create an analytical framework that draws conditions from language psychologists’ empirical studies of verbal and situational irony (".fn_cite($colston_2001).", ".fn_cite($lucariello_1994)."). The first condition is a violation of expectations established through a norm or schema. I use Caplin’s (".fn_cite_year($caplin_1998).") theory of formal function, Gjerdingen’s (".fn_cite_year($gjerdingen_2007).") schema theory, and Hepokoski and Darcy’s (".fn_cite_year($hepokoskidarcy_2006).") Sonata Theory to measure violation of expectation as defined by Beethoven and his audience’s shared stylistic knowledge. Since listeners develop expectations in music simply by listening (".fn_cite($meyer_1956)."), this paper incorporates “common ground,” Clark’s (".fn_cite_year($clark_1996).") term for the information, knowledge, and cultural norms that the composer and listener share. The second condition is blatantly failing to fulfill one or more of the “maxims” defined by the linguist H.P. Grice (".fn_cite_year($grice_1975)."), who argues that a person implicitly follows the maxims in any “cooperative” conversation. I apply this framework to analyze three Beethoven string quartet movements that Hatten and others have described as “ironic”: op. 95/iv, op. 131/v, and op. 130/i. I close by discussing implications for musical communication as a whole.
Glenn Gould, Spliced
Authors: Broesche Garreth P.
Published: May 2018

Glenn Gould often drew an analogy: live theater is to film as concert performance is to studio recording. In his writings, Gould cites one finished “performance” created by splicing together two contrasting interpretations of a piece; through editing, the finished version somehow becomes more than the sum of its parts. Here Gould’s use of editing appears to invoke montage technique in a manner similar to one of its uses in film: contrasting images (interpretations) are juxtaposed, bequeathing responsibility to the viewer (listener) to infer meaning not explicitly present in either. To paraphrase Walter Benjamin, the use of montage technique separates filmmaking from live theater, altering the ontological status of the former and elevating it to an independent art form. Do the ways in which Gould employs technology support the claim that there is a similar relationship between live and studio music?

For all the extant literature on Gould, there is little that discusses—in detail—his actual studio process. Scholars have tended to take Gould at his word. However, I believe that only by placing the focus squarely on the historical truth may we evaluate his recording/filmmaking analogy. This paper centers on a detailed audio analysis of one Gould performance: his 1981 recording of a Brahms Ballade. I will present original research into archival documents and clips of studio outtakes, and I will discuss my own re-creation of Gould’s splicing scheme.

My research allows me to make two claims regarding Gould’s studio process. First, Gould’s understanding of the function of studio recording is quite different from the commonplace notion that that recording studio is a means to create a simulacrum of the live event. And, second, his use of montage technique is quite a bit “weaker” than his own words on the recording/filmmaking analogy might lead one to believe.
Instruments of Music Theory
Authors: Rehding Alexander
Published: May 2018

This article explores musical instruments as a source for the historical study of music theory. The figure of Pythagoras, and his alleged penchant for the monochord, offers a way into this exploration of the theory-bearing dimensions of instruments. Musicians tend to think of instruments primarily in terms of music-making, but in other contexts instruments are, more broadly, tools. In the context of scientific experimentation, specifically, instruments help researchers come to terms with “epistemic things”—objects under scrutiny that carry specific (but as yet unknown) sources of knowledge within them. Aspects of this experimental practice can productively be transferred to the study of music theory and are explored in two test cases from different periods of musical theorizing (and instrument building): Nicola Vicentino’s archicembalo from mid-sixteenth century Italy, and Henry Cowell’s rhythmicon from early twentieth-century America.
La costruzione delle competenze regionali nella tutela del patrimonio bibliografico
Authors: Dal Poz Lorena
Published: May 2018

The essay focuses upon the issues and the evolution of protecting library materials by the Italian Regions since 1972, when the state law delegated to them this activity. The activities carried out by the regional authority had a positive outcome until 6 August 2015 when through a State law n.125 the authority regarding the protection of library material returned to the central competence.As well as the printed bibliography, also sources from the regional archives and the direct experience of the author have been used, as she was  from 2006 Head of Regional Office of the Superintendent Book Heritage of the Veneto Region.  Successful examples since 2003 carried out by the Office activities to protect the library cultural heritage will also presented. The author hopes for close cooperation between the  National office who has now taken the responsibility to take care of the library heritage material in Veneto and the and regional Office in order to keep the knowledge and expertise developed by the latter throughout  years  of  close collaboration with the institutions based on its territory.
Note sui bibliotecari e la tutela dei beni librari
Authors: Manenti Enrica
Published: May 2018

The aim of this contribution is to try to highlight how competencies about preservation and conservation are considered by Italian librarians, especially after some new rules and in reference to some recent documents and position papers, with a specific focus on public libraries.
La formazione degli insegnanti di italiano in Austria
Authors: Gavagnin Cristina
Published: May 2018

This paper describes language teachers’ training in Austria where, following a 2013 law, in 2016-17 a new initial training system was implemented nationwide. The paper then focuses on the training of Italian teachers in Carinthia, where the new training system was first tested. In this region, cornered between Latin, German and Slav Europe, Italian is, notably, the second most studied foreign language after English. Finally, Austria’s old and new initial teacher trainings are compared, and particular attention is paid to the structure of the apprenticeship programs and to the way the guidelines set out in the EPOSTL and the EPLTE, the two EU documents on teacher training, are implemented.
L’interculturalità nella didattica dell’italiano a Malta
Authors: Micallef Marco , Caruana Sandro
Published: May 2018

Cultural notions are part and parcel of the process of Italian teaching and learning in Malta, a country with several historical, geographical and social contacts with the Belpaese. In fact, teachers of Italian in Malta are more familiar with Italy’s culture with respect to foreign counterparts, and they are generally highly interested in it. Nevertheless, a number of constraints lead to situations where the teaching of culture is heavily characterised by transmission and memorisation of information, rather than on learning intercultural competence as a lifelong skill. This study provides an investigation into these issues and formulates an outline of a didactic initiative designed purposely to promote intercultural education in the classroom of Italian in Malta.
Mitigazione, italiano LS e scrittura accademica
Authors: Giordano Carlo
Published: May 2018

In order to be able to properly accommodate the increasing number of foreign students attending Italian universities, to make the Italian university system more attractive and finally to provide more accurate and refined tools, we would need to take actions whose final objective is to improve the quality of the reception and the education offer. The goal of the present study is to present a tool, a test to detect the use of mitigation strategies by university students of Italian as a FL/SL, that goes on this direction and that can be used in research and experiments in the domains of linguistics, teaching techniques and intercultural communication. A pilot study of this test is currently being carried out at the University of Utrecht, the University of Amsterdam and the University of Leiden. In what follow I will present both the reasons and the choices of the design and some preliminary results.
Lingua araba a scuola: nuove prospettive glottodidattiche
Authors: della Puppa Francesca
Published: May 2018

The paper deals with the theme of Arabic teaching as a new Foreign Language in Italian schools. In recent years, the demand for inclusion of Arabic in Italian schools is growing, particularly in two specific areas: High Schools and Primary Schools. In the first case it is proposed as a third language, often as an alternative to Chinese, but in the latter case it is proposed in projects where the objective of maintaining L1 for pupils with non-Italian citizenship intersects with the request to extend learning Arabic as LS to a mixed users. These new learning contexts for Arabic require the development of innovative methodologies for a language that, up to a decade ago, had a predominantly university target and therefore a modulated didactics on these specific teaching paths. Here it is of crucial importance to focus not only on the diffusion of this phenomenon at national level but also on issues of method and quality of teaching aids for this sector. In particular, we expose a didactical experience concerning the use of the proverb in the teaching of Arabic, by analysing the potentialities of this methodological choice in view of the development of possible learning units for High Schools.
Mobilità internazionale e competenza comunicativa interculturale
Authors: Tarabusi Laura
Published: May 2018

Despite the increasing popularity of student mobility, the outcomes of a study abroad experience are not yet fully explained. The development of Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) is undoubtedly one of the desired results. This paper presents the intercultural profile of university mobility students to Italy as emerged from a research project on ICC as a learning outcome of study abroad. The INCA tool, suitably adapted, was used and its results analysed. The use of the QR Code to manage anonymity is also presented. The research sample consists of 96 students enrolled in Italian language courses at level B1. The data show how the ICC at the beginning of the study abroad experience is of a basic level.
Translating Medieval Texts
Authors: Cammarota Maria Grazia
Published: May 2018

Through a number of examples from medieval Germanic texts, this paper aims to highlight some theoretical and practical issues inherent in the process of presenting modern readers with works conceived in a culturally and historically distant past, and to re-evaluate the role of translations that have the specific function to make ancient texts accessible to a new generation of readers whose knowledge of old stages of modern languages is rapidly decreasing.
Sinais específicos em Libras para o ensino odontológico
Authors: Silva Lorena De Sousa , Leal Jéssica Girlaine Guimarães , Junior Gerson Ramalho , Dias da Silva Marco Antonio , Pereira Andresa Costa
Published: May 2018

Diversas iniciativas governamentais têm sido realizadas para promover a inclusão de pessoas surdas no ensino superior. Entretanto, o ingresso de um estudante surdo em um curso de Odontologia é de extrema complexidade, devido a vários motivos, dentre eles a carência de termos odontológicos em Libras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi criar e disponibilizar sinais odontológicos específicos em Libras. Uma equipe multidisciplinar selecionou os quinze primeiros termos a serem criados, os quais tiveram seus conceitos e explicações técnicas demonstrados para um docente surdo. Em seguida, o professor criava o sinal, que era registrado por vídeos e fotografias. Os dados técnicos da sinalização foram descritos detalhadamente e em seguida publicados junto às fotos e vídeos em sítio web. A criação do site e a disponibilização dos termos odontológicos específicos em Libras caracteriza o início de um processo de inclusão e permanência de pessoas surdas no Curso de Odontologia. A continuidade desse trabalho permitirá que os sinais sejam constantemente criados e adicionados ao glossário, a fim de auxiliar o ensino de pessoas surdas e aperfeiçoar a atuação do tradutor/interprete de Libras, contribuindo de forma pioneira para a formação de futuros cirurgiões dentistas surdos.
Caracterización física y química de suelos de origen volcánico con actividad agrícola, próximos al volcán Tungurahua
Authors: Zúñiga Fabián , Buenaño Marcia , Risco David
Published: May 2018

Con el objetivo de caracterizar los suelos agrícolas de la provincia de Tungurahua, se realizaron treinta y dos muestreos en cuatro cantones cercanos al volcán Tungurahua (Baños de Agua Santa, Pelileo, Quero y Tizaleo) y en ellos se determinaron sus propiedades físicas y químicas. Todos los suelos presentaron unas propiedades físicas similares como son una textura franco-arenosa, un pH ligeramente ácido (5.45-6.15) y una baja densidad aparente (0.98-1.21 g/cm3), característicos de suelos provenientes de cenizas volcánicas. Las propiedades químicas variaron debido a las prácticas agrícolas como se observó en una menor concentración de materia orgánica (2.04 % en Pelileo), una mayor concentración de fósforo (105 ppm en Baños de Agua Santa) y una mayor capacidad de intercambio catiónico (18.89 meq/100g en Tizaleo). Los suelos con mejores características para el desarrollo de la agricultura fueron los de los cantones Baños de Agua Santa y Tizaleo. Los resultados demuestran que tanto los depósitos volcánicos como la actividad agrícola influyen de un modo claro en las propiedades de sus suelos
Simulating negative temperatures by imposing wealth upper-bounds in exchanges
Authors: Villagómez-Manrique A.R. , Del Castillo-Mussot M.
Published: May 2018

We impose an upper bound to the amount of agents wealth in binary exchanges, but when the upper bound is continuously lowered, thenthe entropy S decreases because the system exhibits more order. Furthermore, negative temperatures can mathematically obtained when the slope of the entropy as a function of the total energy (T = $(dS/dE)^{-1}$) is negative.
The “Goethean” Discourses onWeltliteraturand the Origins of Comparative Literature: The Cases of Hugo Meltzl and Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett
Authors: Nicholls Angus
Published: May 2018

This paper investigates the influence of Goethe’s ideas about Weltliteratur upon the early disciplinary history of comparative literature. By examining Goethe’s various statements concerning Weltliteratur, as well as by contrasting them with his attempts to develop a method of comparative literary analysis in his Noten to the West-östlicher Divan, it is argued that Goethe’s ideas about Weltliteratur and about literary comparison raise important issues which are still live in the discipline today. Foremost among these is the question of using European aesthetic models to evaluate non-European literatures, and the related issue of how translations may elide the cultural particularity of literary works. It is proposed that Goethe’s ideas about Weltliteratur do not constitute a coherent or systematic theory, but rather offer up a series of discourses that were open to deployment by later scholars who had differing agendas. In the disciplinary history of comparative literature, two of the most important activators of these Goethean discourses were Hugo von Meltzl (1846–1908)—the founding editor of Acta Comparationis Litterarum Universarum (1877–1888), the world’s first academic journal devoted to comparative literature—and Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett (1855–1927), the author of the first Anglophone academic monograph on Comparative Literature (1886). Whereas Meltzl regarded Goethe’s ideas about Weltliteratur with some skepticism, fearing that they may surreptitiously extend German cultural hegemony in Europe, Posnett deployed Goethe’s concept of Weltliteratur to enhance the prestige his social-evolutionist model of global literary development.
Dissenting Voices?
Authors: McGlade Rhiannon
Published: May 2018

The installation of the Franco dictatorship sparked an inadvertent boom in
the production of comics. While many cartoonists hailing from Barcelona’s
rich satirical tradition went into exile or clandestine publication, still more
turned to the children’s comics market that had become firmly rooted in the
Catalan capital since the 1920s. Until the 1950s, comics remained relatively
free from censorial intervention, and the development of characters such as
La Familia Ulises, Carpanta and Doña Urraca offered cartoonists an outlet
for covert critique. However, in 1952, the Junta Asesora de la Prensa Infantil
was established to police children’s publications for ‘inappropriate’ content,
marking a turning point in the history of Spain’s comics genre. This
article
discusses the implications of specific legislation for editors, artists
and their comic strip characters, focusing on the publications Pulgarcito,
TBO and DDT.
Saving Niagara From Itself: The Campaign to Preserve and Enhance the American Falls, 1965-1975
Authors: Macfarlane Daniel
Published: May 2018

Between 1965 and 1975, the United States and Canada investigated whether they should preserve and enhance the American Falls, one of the two main cataracts at Niagara Falls, by physically reengineering it. This campaign had its roots in local concerns, but tapped into wider sentiments and emotions about the famous waterfall, and came to involve multiple levels of government and the International Joint Commission. Engineers looked at whether it was feasible to remove all the rock at the base of the American Falls - the talus - which led to the dewatering of the waterfall in 1969. Using a range of techniques, including public consultations, the transborder experts concluded that it was feasible to give the waterfall a facelift, and presented a range of engineered options. However, the International Joint Commission ultimately recommended that it would be best to refrain from an interventionist approach and mostly leave the American Falls alone. Employing envirotech and emotional history approaches, this paper argues that over the course of a decade the meaning of 'preservation' in the context of Niagara Falls significantly shifted because of several factors: the emerging environmental movement, the cost of removing the talus and other alterations, evidence that the public wouldn't sufficiently appreciate these changes, and worries about tourism impacts.
Conclusion to Part 1
Authors: Kinna Ruth
Published: May 2018

The pre-eminent position that Kropotkin attained as an exponent of anarchism in anarchism’s second wave explains the exhaustion of his political thought in its post-anarchist third incarnation. Kropotkin achieved canonical status as a classical anarchist. Instead of questioning the premises of this representation of his ideas, third-wave anarchists accepted it and used it against him, rejecting Kropotkin as an exponent of classical anarchism. The most important challenge to this view reverses the judgements of dominant second-wave new anarchists, reinforcing an association with a form of revolutionary politics that the third-wave activists hold at arm’s length. In many ways, Kropotkin emerges as an old man: worthy but out-of-time....
Conclusion to Part 2
Authors: Kinna Ruth
Published: May 2018

Kropotkin described the work he completed for Le Révolté as the ‘foundation of nearly all I have written later on’.1 What did that mean? His early writings pointed up several themes: that anarchism was an ethical approach to politics; that the problems that socialists confronted were global; that science, construed poetically, offered a key to the resolution of those problems; that submissiveness and passivity were fatal barriers to social change and social solidarity was a catalyst for action; that change was a principle of life on Earth; and that fluid movements forged across diverse populations offered a model for cooperative living. Kropotkin presented these ideas in a distinctive way, using nihilism as his touchstone, but in developing his positions on nationality, slavery and the cementation of elite power, he aligned himself with Proudhonist and Bakuninist anti-authoritarianism. And his commentary on the Paris Commune formalised the ideological division that this alignment signalled. Yet there is scant evidence in Kropotkin’s early writings that his identification with anti-authoritarian politics was a launch-pad for a theory resembling classical anarchism....
Reviewing the Classical Anarchist Tradition
Authors: Kinna Ruth
Published: May 2018

This chapter returns to the major theme of the book, Kropotkin's association with classical anarchism. It argues that the label is distorting of Kropotkin's work and that it sets up a caricature of anarchism which is misleading and unhelpful. It also reflects on Kropotkin's decision to support the Entente to argue that disagreements about the meaning of concepts of militarism and antimilitarism, nationalism and internationalism highlight significant divisions within the anarchist movement which remain under-examined, if not neglected.
What is the Subject?
Authors: Debaise Didier
Published: May 2018

In his reading of Descartes, Whitehead extracts a definition of the subject as a relation through which feelings are unified and appropriated. The key point of disagreement is found in the inverse relations that each constructs between the subject and feeling. If Whitehead does in fact take up the problem’s terms, he is nevertheless radically opposed to the Cartesian economy organised around a subject qua foundation of feeling. Whitehead’s reading could be criticised, of course: he takes a Cartesian proposition, pushes it in the direction of speculative philosophy, only to return, finally, to Descartes’ own internal coherence, opposing it to an entirely different economy of thought. This, however, would be to lose what is important in Whitehead’s reading of Descartes. Whitehead is not doing history of philosophy. The relevance of each of his critiques and reprises could, of course, be justly attacked in so far as they are constructed on grounds that would have been completely foreign to the original thinkers.
The Mode of Existence of Societies
Authors: Debaise Didier
Published: May 2018

The principal difference between ‘actual entities’ and ‘societies’ is that, while the former can only become, the latter persist, reach a stability of being. The former are ‘blocks of becoming’ or individuations, while the latter are ‘durations’. For Whitehead, the great question is again expressed by Locke. Whatever the scale of this duration – years, seconds or centuries – the question is to know how a ‘particular substance’ endures, that is, maintains a form of identity across the changes affecting it. The manner in which Locke poses the question of duration and how he attempts to define it is crucial here. He doesn’t say that duration could be measured on a uniform temporal scale, against a single measure that would apply to every substance. A thing that endures is not just something that occupies a longer or shorter measure of time. Locke’s definition is entirely alien to more classical approaches to time: time, for Locke, becomes a relationbetween persistence and change.