bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blood–Brain Barrier Function and Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Injury in Rickettsial Versus Other Neurological Infections in Laos
Authors: Dittrich Sabine , Sunyakumthorn Piyanate , Rattanavong Sayaphet , Phetsouvanh Rattanaphone , Panyanivong Phonepasith , Sengduangphachanh Amphonsavanh , Phouminh Phonelavanh , Anantatat Tippawan , Chanthongthip Anisone , Lee Sue J. , Dubot-Pérès Audrey , Day Nicholas P. J. , Paris Daniel H. , Newton Paul N. , Turner Gareth D. H.
Published: June 2015

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) function and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were measured in patients admitted to hospital with severe neurological infections in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (N = 66), including bacterial meningitis (BM; N = 9) or tuberculosis meningitis (TBM; N = 11), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV; N = 25), and rickettsial infections (N = 21) including murine and scrub typhus patients. The albumin index (AI) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels were significantly higher in BM and TBM than other diseases but were also raised in individual rickettsial patients. Total tau protein was significantly raised in the CSF of JEV patients. No differences were found between clinical or neurological symptoms, AI, or biomarker levels that allowed distinction between severe neurological involvement by Orientia tsutsugamushi compared with Rickettsia species.
Contribution Index Based on Green Building Certification Systems
Authors: Sun Yuting , Goh Bee Hua
Published: June 2015

Green Building Certification Systems (GBCS) are carried out in many countries due to the rising awareness of the importance of sustainability in the building industry. The intention should have motivated participants to construct and operate buildings sustainably, however, there is not yet a method developed to investigate the motivation of the participants. Based on the GBCS, this paper proposes the contribution index as a standard global method to analyze the performance of participants in the green building industry. Three contribution indices, namely Frequency Contribution Index (FCI), Intensity Contribution Index (ICI) and Comprehensive Contribution Index (CCI) that concern each different category of participant, have been formulated. Three further analyses based on the index were undertaken to investigate some features of the industry. A case study of Singapore was conducted to show how the contribution index could be used to extract industry patterns and trends and assess the participants’ performance in the green building industry. Interviews with experts provide some suggested applications and support for the findings.
Factors Promoting Innovation and Efficiency in the Construction Industry: A Comparative Study of New Zealand and Australia
Authors: Chancellor Will , Abbott Malcolm , Carson Chris
Published: June 2015

There have been numerous concerns about the lack of productivity improvement in the New Zealand construction industry.  The aim of this paper, therefore, is to determine the main drivers of productivity in the industry. The research used is a two-staged data envelopment analysis approach to achieve the aim. In terms of improvements to the productivity of construction in New Zealand, the study found that although there is a potential for gains through the greater use of research and development, apprentice training and degree education, as well as the consolidation of some building companies, there will be some limits to the gains that might be made. One main implication of the findings of the study, therefore, is that a renewed focus on education and skills training should be a priority of companies and policy makers in New Zealand.
The Influence of Trust in Traditional Contracting: Investigating the "Lived Experience" of Stakeholders
Authors: Strahorn Scott , Gajendran Thayaparan , Brewer Graham
Published: June 2015

The traditional procurement approach is ever-present within the construction industry. With fundamental design principles founded on definitive risk allocation, this transactional based approach fails to acknowledge or foster the cooperative relationships considered to be vital to the success of any project. Contractual design encourages stakeholders to defend their own individual interest to the likely detriment of project objectives. These failings are not disputed, however, given that trust is a fundamental requirement for human interaction the influence of trust is potentially important in terms of stakeholder relationships and ultimate project success. Trust is therefore examined within this context. A conceptual framework of trust is presented and subsequently used to code and analyse detailed, semi-structured interviews with multiple stakeholders from different projects. Using a phenomenological investigation of trust via the lived experiences of multiple practitioners, issues pertaining to the formation and maintenance of trust within traditionally procured construction projects are examined. Trust was found to be integral to the lived experiences of practitioners, with both good and bad relationships evident within the constructs of traditional procurement mechanisms. In this regard, individual personalities were considered significant, along with appropriate risk identification and management. Communication, particularly of an informal nature, was also highlighted. A greater emphasis on project team selection during the initial stages of a project would therefore be beneficial, as would careful consideration of the allocation of risk. Contract design would also be enhanced through prescriptive protocols for developing and maintaining trust, along with mandated mechanisms for informal communication, particularly when responding to negative events. A greater understanding regarding the consequences of lost trust and the intricacies of trust repair would also be of value.
Motion-correlated flow distortion and wave-induced biases in air–sea flux measurements from ships
Authors: Prytherch J. , Yelland M. J. , Brooks I. M. , Tupman D. J. , Pascal R. W. , Moat B. I. , Norris S. J.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Direct measurements of the turbulent air–sea fluxes of momentum, heat, moisture and gases. are often made using sensors mounted on ships. Ship-based turbulent wind measurements are corrected for platform motion using well established techniques, but biases at scales associated with wave and platform motion are often still apparent in the flux measurements. It has been uncertain whether this signal is due to time-varying distortion of the air flow over the platform, or to wind–wave interactions impacting the turbulence. Methods for removing such motion-scale biases from scalar measurements have previously been published but their application to momentum flux measurements remains controversial. Here we show that the measured motion-scale bias has a dependence on the horizontal ship velocity, and that a correction for it reduces the dependence of the measured momentum flux on the orientation of the ship to the wind. We conclude that the bias is due to experimental error, and that time-varying motion-dependent flow distortion is the likely source.
Photosynthesis–irradiance responses in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: a meta-analysis
Authors: Smith W. O. , Donaldson K.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. A meta-analysis of photosynthesis–irradiance measurements was completed using data from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, using a total of 417 independent measurements. PmB, the maximum, chlorophyll-specific, irradiance-saturated rate of photosynthesis, averaged 1.1 ± 0.06 μg C (μg Chl)−1 h−1. Light-limited, chlorophyll-specific photosynthetic rates (αB) averaged 0.030 ± 0.023 μg C (μg Chl)−1 h−1 (μmol quanta m−2 s−1)−1. Significant variations in PmB and αB were found as a function of season, with spring maximum photosynthetic rates being 60% greater than those in summer. Similarly, α values were 48% greater in spring. There was no detectable effect of sampling location on the photo-synthetic parameters, and temperature and macronutrient (NO3) concentrations also did not have an influence. However, irradiance and carbon dioxide concentrations, when altered under controlled conditions, exerted significant influences on photosynthetic parameters. Specifically, reduced irradiance resulted in significantly decreased PmB and increased αB values, and increased CO2 concentrations resulted in significantly increased PmB and αB values. Comparison of photosynthetic parameters derived at stations where iron concentrations were above and below 0.1 nM indicated that reduced iron levels were associated with significantly increased PmB values, confirming the importance of iron within the photosynthetic process. No significant difference was detected between stations dominated by diatoms and those dominated by the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica. The meta-analysis confirms the photosynthetic rates predicted from global analyses that are based solely on temperature and irradiance availability, but suggests that, for more accurate predictions of productivity in polar systems, a more detailed model that includes temporal effects of photosynthetic parameters will be required.
Heterotrophic prokaryote distribution along a 2300 km transect in the North Pacific subtropical gyre during a strong La Niña conditions: relationship between distribution and hydrological conditions
Authors: Girault M. , Arakawa H. , Barani A. , Ceccaldi H. J. , Hashihama F. , Gregori G.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The spatial distribution of heterotrophic prokaryotes was investigated during the Tokyo–Palau cruise in the western part of the North Pacific subtropical gyre (NPSG) along a north–south transect between 33.60 and 13.25° N. The cruise was conducted in three different hydrological areas identified as the Kuroshio region, the subtropical gyre area and the transition zone. Two eddies were crossed along the transect: one cold-core cyclonic eddy and one warm-core anticyclonic eddy and distributions of the heterotrophic prokaryotes were recorded. By using analytical flow cytometry and a nucleic acid staining protocol, heterotrophic prokaryotes were discriminated into three subgroups depending on their nucleic acid content (low, high and very high nucleic acid contents labelled LNA, HNA and VHNA, respectively). Statistical analyses performed on the data set showed that LNA, mainly associated with low temperature and low salinity, were dominant in all the hydrological regions. In contrast, HNA distribution seemed to be associated with temperature, salinity, Chl a and silicic acid. A latitudinal increase in the HNA / LNA ratio was observed along the north–south transect and was related to higher phosphate and nitrate concentrations. However, the opposite relationship observed for the VHNA / HNA ratio suggested that the link between nucleic acid content and oligotrophic conditions is not linear, underlying the complexity of the biodiversity in the VHNA, HNA and LNA subgroups. In the Kuroshio Current, it is suggested that the high concentration of heterotrophic prokaryotes observed at station 4 was linked to the path of the cold cyclonic eddy core. In contrast, it is thought that low concentrations of heterotrophic prokaryotes in the warm core of the anticyclonic gyre (Sta. 9) are related to the low nutrient concentrations measured in the seawater column. Our results showed that the high variability between the various heterotrophic prokaryote cluster abundances depend both on the mesoscale structures and the oligotrophic gradient.
Lightning characteristics in Eastern Mediterranean thunderstorms during different synoptic systems
Authors: Ben Ami Y. , Altaratz O. , Yair Y. , Koren I.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Thunderstorms activity takes place in the Eastern Mediterranean mainly along the boreal fall and winter seasons during synoptic systems of Red Sea Trough (RST), Red Sea Trough that closed a low over the sea (RST-CL), and Cyprus Low (during fall – FCL and Winter – WCL). In this work we used the Israeli Lightning Location System ground strokes dataset (between October 2004 and December 2010) for studying the lightning strokes properties and their link to the thermodynamic conditions in each synoptic system. It is shown that the lightning activity dominates over sea during WCL and FCL systems (with maximum values of 37 strokes per 25 km2 day−1 in WCL, and 54 in FCL) and have a dominant component over land during the RST and RST-CL days. The stronger instability (high CAPE values of 621 ± 466 J kg−1) during RST-CL days together with the higher altitude of the clouds' mixed-phase region (3630 ± 316 m) result in higher ground strokes density during this system (compared to all other) but lower fraction of positive ground strokes (3 ± 0.5%). In general the fraction of positive strokes was found to be positively correlated with the wind shear values in the layer between 0 and −25 °C. It increases from the 1.2 ± 1% in early fall to 17 ± 7% in late winter, (during FCL and WCL days) and can be linked to the decrease in the sea surface (and lower troposphere) temperature during those months, due to an impact on the charge centers vertical location. The diurnal cycle in the lightning activity was examined for each synoptic system. During WCL conditions no preferred times were found along the day (as it relates to the timing of frontal systems). During the fall systems (FCL and RST-CL) there is a peak in lightning activity during the morning hours, probably related to the enhanced convection driven by the convergence between the eastern land breeze and the western synoptic winds. The distributions of peak currents in FCL and WCL systems also change from fall to winter and include more strong negative and positive strokes toward the end of the winter.
Introduction
Authors: Gonzales Rose Jasmine B.
Published: June 2015

None
Homeostasis y representaciones intelectuales: una aproximación a la conducta moral desde la teoría de la emoción de Antonio Damasio
Authors: Grijalba Uche Miguel , Echarte Luis Enrique
Published: June 2015

Antonio Damasio elabora una teoría de la mente humana y de la conducta moral a partir de su hipótesis sobre la evolución de los mecanismos de autorregulación biológicos. En ella, a la capacidad para representar relaciones organismo-mundo se le confiere un importante papel en los cambios organizacionales (y, en último término, normativos) que emergen de los sistemas con un sistema nervioso central. Concretamente, en nuestro artículo analizamos, en primer lugar, la tesis acerca de la doble homeostasis biológica- mental que caracteriza a los agentes racionales. Desde su perspectiva, la conciencia es producto y manifestación de complejos procesos del procesamiento de representaciones, los cuales favorecen la regulación no consciente. Además, para entender los procesos conscientes también es clave, según Damasio, conocer cómo la evolución de tales mecanismos está asociada con el desarrollo de áreas neuronales próximas al córtex emocional, especialmente, el giro cingulado. Los argumentos que Damasio utiliza para vincular los procesos representacionales con la particular preocupación humana por los sentimientos de los otros (un fenómeno que identifica en el origen de las normas éticas y, en último término, de lo que denomina homeostasis social) es la segunda cuestión que evaluamos.
Dosis personal de drogas: inconsistencias técnico-científicas en la legislación y la jurisprudencia colombiana
Authors: Téllez Mosquera Jairo Alfonso , Bedoya Chavarriaga Juan Camilo
Published: June 2015

Con la promulgación de la Ley 30 de 1986, se incluyó el concepto del consumo de la dosis personal de drogas. La Corte Constitucional, mediante sentencia C-221 de 1994, resolvió la demanda de constitucionalidad presentada por el ciudadano Alexandre Sochandamandou, ratificando el concepto de “dosis personal de consumo de drogas”, y despenalizando el mismo. En este artículo se plantea el desconocimiento de la legislación y la jurisprudencia acerca de la opinión técnico-científica en cuanto a esta temática, que originó diversas inconveniencias, inconsistencias, vacíos e imprecisiones técnico-científicas que riñen con normas y tratados internacionales de ética médica, al igual que con evidencia médica encontrada sobre los efectos adversos ocasionados por las drogas en la salud de los consumidores de estas sustancias.
Relationship Between Ischemic Heart Disease and Sexual Satisfaction
Authors: Ghanbari Afra Leila , Taghadosi Mohsen , Gilasi Hamid Reza
Published: June 2015

AIM: Ischemic heart disease is a life-threatening condition. Considerable doubts exist over the effects of this disease on patients’ sexual activity and satisfaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ischemic heart disease and sexual satisfaction.

METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, the convenience sample of 150 patients exposure with ischemic heart disease and 150 people without exposure it was drawn from Shahid Beheshti hospital, Kashan, Iran. Sampling was performed from March to September 2014. We employed the Larson’s Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire for gathering the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square, t-test and linear regression analysis.

RESULTS: The means of sexual satisfaction in patients exposure with ischemic heart disease and among the subjects without exposure it were 101.47±13.42 and 100.91±16.52, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding sexual satisfaction. However, sexual satisfaction was significantly correlated with gender and the use of cardiac medications (P value < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The level of sexual satisfaction in patients with exposure ischemic heart disease is similar to the people without exposure it. Moreover, the men and the patients who do not receive cardiac medications have higher levels of sexual satisfaction. Nurses who are providing care to patients with ischemic heart disease need to pay closer attention to patient education about sexual issues.
Vertrouwen van politiemensen in de strafrechtspleging
Authors: Kort Jelle , Terpstra Jan
Published: June 2015

How do Dutch police officers think about their criminal justice system?

Half of Dutch police has no confidence in the criminal justice system. Police officers complain that it is impossible to tackle crime and disorder, because as they believe, prosecutors and judges are often letting them down. This article discusses an empirical study on police attitudes towards criminal law in The Netherlands. It is found that many police officers don’t know much about the legal proceedings that follow police work. A description is presented of how police officers think about legal questions: conviction, sentencing and detention on remand. It is concluded that there is a tension between on the one hand, the operation goals of order following a moral duty to restore street justice, and the protection of legal rights of individual citizens on the other. Subsequent recommendations have to do with the working relationship between police and the judiciary.
Regelgeving en beleid door onafhankelijke toezichthouders: de praktijk van ACM
Authors: Vegter J.G. , Maandag P.I.W.R.
Published: June 2015

Regelgeving en beleid door onafhankelijke toezichthouders: de praktijk van ACM

Deze bijdrage geeft een inkijkje in de dagelijkse praktijk van de ACM. Er wordt beschreven op welke wijze de ACM invulling geeft aan haar wettelijke taken en bevoegdheden om regelgeving en beleid vast te stellen op het gebied van mededinging, consumentenbescherming en sectorspecifiek toezicht op de energie-, telecommunicatie-, post- en vervoersector. Zij heeft hiertoe een aantal wettelijke taken opgelegd gekregen, waaronder het vaststellen van beleidsregels en het maken van marktanalyses, alsmede het voorlichten van consumenten. Daarnaast brengt de ACM handreikingen en visiedocumenten uit, waarmee zij beoogt haar wettelijke doelstellingen en missie te verwezenlijken. Deze zijn niet gebaseerd op een wettelijke taak, maar op de missie en doelstelling van de ACM en zijn dus een meer informele manier om de effectiviteit van het toezicht te vergroten. De auteurs concluderen dat de ACM hierbij onafhankelijk opereert, omdat haar onafhankelijkheid ten opzichte van de verantwoordelijk minister voldoende is geborgd.
Territoriale aanduidingen in het Koninkrijk na 10-10-10
Authors: Borman T.C.
Published: June 2015

Territoriale aanduidingen in het Koninkrijk na 10-10-10

In deze bijdrage wordt stilgestaan bij de wijze waarop de gebiedsdelen van ons Koninkrijk, bestaande uit de vier landen Nederland, Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten, en de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba tezamen en elk afzonderlijk kunnen of moeten worden aangeduid in wetgeving en andere documenten. Besproken worden de aanduidingen ‘Koninkrijk’, ‘Koninkrijk der Nederlanden’, ‘het Europese deel van Nederland’, ‘Nederland’, ‘Rijk’, ‘Rijk in Europa’, ‘het Europese deel van het Koninkrijk’, ‘(de openbare lichamen) Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba’, ‘de BES’, ‘de BES-eilanden’, ‘Caribisch Nederland’, ‘het Caribische deel van Nederland’, ‘Caribische openbare lichamen’, ‘de K3-eilanden’, ‘de K3’, ‘het Caribische deel van het Koninkrijk’, ‘de Caribische delen van het Koninkrijk’, ‘de Antillen’, ‘de Nederlandse Antillen’, ‘de voormalige Nederlandse Antillen’, ‘de bovenwindse eilanden’, ‘de benedenwindse eilanden’, ‘de ABC-eilanden’, ‘de SSS-eilanden’, ‘de Caribische landen (van het Koninkrijk)’ en ‘ACS’. Ten slotte wordt ingegaan op de spelling ‘Caribisch’ en ‘Caraïbisch’.
Under the Rainbow: Light the Way Grant Focuses on LGBT Families
Authors: Roberts Megan
Published: June 2015

It seems the best projects begin with a simple conversation, an idea mentioned in passing. For me and Erin Iannacchione, this is exactly how Family Story Time started.In 2012, I approached Erin about marketing public library summer reading programs to the families and young children at the LGBT Center of Raleigh Library only to find out they didn’t have any offerings for families and children. Soon I was planning our very first storytime.
A REVIEW OF GLASS COMPOSITIONS AROUND THE SOUTH CHINA SEA REGION (THE LATE 1ST MILLENNIUM BC TO THE 1ST MILLENNIUM AD): PLACING IRON AGE GLASS BEADS FROM TAIWAN IN CONTEXT
Authors: Wang Kuan-Wen , Jackson Caroline
Published: June 2015

With more published chemical analyses of glass beads in Southeast Asia and southern China in the last decade, it is becoming possible to discuss the regional and temporal patterns of prehistoric glass beads in these areas. This article focuses the 1st millennium AD, reviewing the chemical composition of glass in Taiwan, Southeast Asia and southern China, in an attempt to understand the potential relationships between the three regions.
BEYOND SUBSISTENCE: FOOD AND FOODWAYS IN INDO-PACIFIC ARCHAEOLOGY AN INTRODUCTION
Authors: Eusebio Michelle Sotaridona , Jordan Amy
Published: June 2015

Introduction to a themed issue.
Effet du chaulage sur la survie et la reproduction de 3 espèces de vers de terre exotiques potentiellement envahissantes dans les érablières du Québec
Authors: Moore Jean-David , Ouimet Rock , Bolhen Patrick
Published: June 2015

Au cours des dernières décennies, des vers de terre exotiques ont colonisé les sols dans plusieurs forêts de l’Amérique du Nord. L’acidité des sols et la rigueur du climat pourraient avoir limité leur colonisation dans certaines forêts tempérées de feuillus. Cependant, le réchauffement climatique et l’utilisation de plus en plus fréquente du chaulage pour contrer le dépérissement des érablières pourraient rendre ces sites plus vulnérables à la colonisation par les vers de terre. Par des expériences sur le terrain et en laboratoire, nous avons évalué la capacité de survie et de reproduction de 3 espèces de vers de terre exotiques dans des sols chaulés (pH de 5,0 à 5,6) et non chaulés (pH ~ 4,0) d’une érablière au sol acide située au nord de l’aire de répartition des érablières au Québec. L’amélioration des caractéristiques du sol par le chaulage a positivement influencé le degré d’activité, la survie et la reproduction deLumbricus terrestriset d’Aporrectodea caliginosa, 2 espèces d’origine européenne établies en Amérique du Nord. Par contre, l’acidité du sol non chaulé ne semble pas favorable à la colonisation parLumbricus terrestris, mais pourrait ne pas limiterAporrectodea caliginosa. Par ailleurs, nos observations indiquent qu’Amynthas hawayanus, une espèce d’origine asiatique établie aux États-Unis, était très active durant la saison estivale et automnale, autant dans le sol acide que chaulé, mais n’avait pas réussi à compléter son cycle de vie avant l’hiver. À la lumière de ces résultats, il semble donc probable que certaines espèces de vers de terre, telles qu’Aporrectodea caliginosaetLumbricus terrestris, puissent coloniser certaines érablières chaulées au cours des prochaines décennies. Selon des études récentes, cette colonisation par les vers de terre pourrait nuire à l’intégrité écologique de ces érablières.
Aire de répartition du campagnol-lemming boréal au Québec : mentions les plus nordiques
Authors: Fortin Christian , Caron Benoit
Published: June 2015

Dans le cadre d’une étude d’impact environnemental et social, un inventaire de micromammifères a été réalisé, en août 2014, à l’extrémité nordique de la péninsule d’Ungava, au Nunavik. Trois espèces ont été capturées à l’aide de pièges-trappes, soit le lemming d’Ungava (Discrostonyx hudsonius), le campagnol des champs (Microtus pennsylvanicus) et le campagnol-lemming boréal (Synaptomys borealis). Les spécimens de campagnol-lemming boréal représentent les mentions publiées les plus nordiques pour cette espèce au Québec. La précédente mention la plus septentrionale était située à 311 km de la mention la plus nordique de la présente étude.
Du passé, faisons table rase ? La controverse patrimoniale comme révélateur de luttes d’appropriation de l’espace
Authors: Taiclet Anne-France
Published: June 2015

L’article analyse une controverse autour de la conservation de tours d’extraction désaffectées dans un ancien bassin minier français. Les mobilisations et tout autant les non-mobilisations autour de cet enjeu sont révélatrices d’une variété de positions à l’égard de l’appropriation tant matérielle que symbolique de l’espace urbain. L’analyse des logiques de distribution des attitudes (hostiles, favorables ou indifférentes) montre une configuration d’acteurs et de groupes divers (administration culturelle, élus, association mémorielle, syndicats, habitants) dont les rapports à l’enjeu et les raisons d’agir sont spécifiques et se révèlent peu compatibles. La conservation de traces du passé industriel, sous la forme particulière de la mise en patrimoine, relève donc d’une forme de volontarisme dont il est intéressant d’observer les conditions de félicité dans un espace territorial donné. L’échec final de l’entreprise de conservation met en lumière la faible autonomie institutionnelle, politique et sociale du répertoire culturel d’aménagement de l’espace.
Espace et conflits dans la participation. Luttes symboliques et matérialité d’une controverse autour de la localisation d’une mosquée à Florence
Authors: O’Miel Julien , Talpin Julien
Published: June 2015

L’article restitue les résultats d’une enquête portant sur un processus participatif relatif à la localisation d’une future mosquée à Florence, sujet particulièrement controversé en Italie. Ce dispositif est pensé comme un moyen de créer la légitimité suffisante à la construction du lieu de culte. Le débat s’annonçait conflictuel. Pourtant, en l’absence de projet précis de localisation du futur lieu de culte – qui aurait pu offrir des prises spatiales dans le débat –, la participation a surtout pris la forme d’une discussion culturelle sur la place de l’islam dans l’espace public italien. Si les consultantes ont tenté de raviver la controverse en sollicitant l’apport d’architectes pour proposer des lieux fictifs de localisation de la mosquée, cette respatialisation du débat n’a cependant pas suscité la controverse attendue entre l’ensemble des participants. C’est au sein du groupe des musulmans que celle-ci a émergé. Elle a surtout donné à voir les clivages territoriaux qui traversent les communautés musulmanes. Le dispositif n’a dès lors pas permis d’arrêter l’emplacement du lieu de culte, mais a paradoxalement contribué à renforcer la représentation des musulmans localement.
Acteurs intermédiaires de la mobilisation territoriale : les enseignements des démarches de prospective-action
Authors: Devisme Laurent , Ouvrard Pauline
Published: June 2015

De nombreux exercices de prospective territoriale en France se placent aujourd’hui sous les auspices d’un registre participatif. À partir d’une lecture des cahiers des charges des démarches conduites par des agences d’urbanisme d’agglomération, nous entrons dans le monde des consultants menant de telles démarches en interrogeant leurs savoir-faire, leurs parcours et les manières dont ils croisent références et expériences professionnelles. Multipositionnés, avec une culture large de l’action publique, ces acteurs sont en situation de proposition d’innovations méthodologiques ancrées dans la perception, la transcription et l’expression des questions urbaines. Aussi ce matériau est-il particulièrement intéressant pour analyser les manières dont le « design thinking » – expression aujourd’hui choyée par plusieurs de ces intervenants – vient nourrir les projets de territoire et repositionner les acteurs de la production idéologique de l’espace.
L’intérêt des expérimentations participatives pour les savoirs de l’environnement et des paysages. Le cas des grands projets d’équipement
Authors: Faburel Guillaume , Chevallier Karen
Published: June 2015

L’adhésion sociale aux grands projets d’aménagement reste un enjeu majeur pour les pouvoirs publics, singulièrement lorsque les équipements programmés ont des effets écologiques, environnementaux et paysagers d’envergure sur les territoires. Lors d’un projet de déplacement de ligne à très haute tension (THT) en région Champagne-Ardenne (France), l’opérateur Réseau de transport électrique (RTE-Nord) a souhaité adjoindre aux dispositifs officiels de participation une démarche collaborative avec des habitants. Sa pierre d’angle, une conférence citoyenne, a fait ressortir des savoirs dits habitants comme essentiels pour la contribution des vécus ordinaires des participants à la construction active de géographies différentes et de leurs représentations cartographiques. Ces vécus font de l’espace non plus un simple support d’implantation d’un équipement, mais un territoire comme opérateur social de capacitation dans la production de sens géographiques. Les grands paysages apparaîtraient alors comme moyens de fonder autrement le commun et son agir.
L’habitat participatif : vers la démocratisation de la production du logement ?
Authors: Devaux Camille
Published: June 2015

L’article interroge la capacité de l’habitat participatif à ouvrir le processus de production du logement aux futurs habitants jusqu’à en devenir un outil de démocratisation. Au départ porté par des ménages pionniers, dotés de ressources multiples, l’habitat participatif s’est progressivement ouvert à d’autres publics, mais aussi et surtout aux professionnels de la production du logement érigés au rang de partenaires, ouvrant la voie, en théorie du moins, à une démocratisation de la production du logement. Son institutionnalisation par le biais de la loi ALUR entame toutefois de façon modérée les implications d’un projet qui restent coûteuses, pour les habitants comme pour les professionnels de la production du logement. L’habitat participatif peut néanmoins ouvrir une brèche dans les représentations traditionnelles de la production du logement et engager un changement de paradigme où le client-locataire peut se muer en habitant-citoyen.
SNP microarray abnormalities in a cohort of 28 infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Stark Zornitza , Behrsin Joanna , Burgess Trent , Ritchie Anna , Yeung Alison , Tan Tiong Y. , Brown Natasha J. , Savarirayan Ravi , Patel Neil
Published: June 2015

Chromosomal abnormalities are an important factor in the pathogenesis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), a relatively common congenital defect associated with high morbidity and mortality. The adoption of array‐based platforms for chromosome analysis has resulted in the identification of numerous copy number variants (CNVs) in infants with CDH, highlighting the potential pathogenic role of many novel genes. We identified a retrospective cohort of 28 infants treated for CDH at a single institution who had microarray testing to determine the proportion of microarray abnormalities and whether these were contributory to CDH pathogenesis. Eight patients (29%) had microarray abnormality. Seven (25%) were considered likely contributory to CDH pathogenesis, including two mosaic trisomy 9s, a 9q22.31q22.32 microduplication, two atypical 22q11.21 microdeletions, a 2q35q36.1 microdeletion, and a 15q11.2 microdeletion, offering insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying CDH development. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thyroid cancer incidence attributable to overdiagnosis in the United States 1981–2011
Authors: O'Grady Thomas J. , Gates Margaret A. , Boscoe Francis P.
Published: June 2015

Papillary thyroid cancer incidence has increased in the United States from 1978 through 2011 for both men and women of all ages and races. Overdiagnosis is partially responsible for this trend, although its magnitude is uncertain. This study examines papillary thyroid cancer incidence according to stage at diagnosis and estimates the proportion of newly diagnosed tumors that are attributable to overdiagnosis. We analyzed stage specific trends in papillary thyroid cancer incidence, 1981–2011, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results national cancer registries. Yearly changes in early and late‐stage thyroid cancer incidence were calculated. We estimate that the proportion of incident papillary thyroid cancers attributable to overdiagnosis in 2011 was 5.5 and 45.5% in men ages 20–49 and 50+ and 41.1 and 60.1% in women ages 20–49 and 50+, respectively. Overdiagnosis has resulted in an additional 82,000 incident papillary thyroid cancers that likely would never have caused any clinical symptoms. The detection of early‐stage papillary thyroid cancer outpaced that of late‐stage disease from 1981 through 2011, in part due to overdiagnosis. Further studies into the prevention, risk stratification and optimal treatment of papillary thyroid cancer are warranted in response to these trends.
Disproportionate effects of dementia on hospital discharge disposition in common hospitalization categories
Authors: Lin Robert Y. , Scanlan Brian C. , Liao William , Nguyen Truc Phuong Thanh
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND

The impact of dementia on hospitalization discharge dispositions (HDDs) in the United States has not been quantified, and dementia prevalence in various hospitalization categories has not been detailed in recent years.

OBJECTIVE

To characterize hospitalizations prevalent with dementia, and to examine the relationship between dementia and HDDs.

DESIGN

A retrospective cross‐sectional study.

SETTING

2000 to 2012 National Inpatient Sample databases.

PATIENTS

Hospitalizations in persons ≥65 years old assigned to 1 of 12 Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) with a high number of dementia patients.

INTERVENTION

None.

MEASUREMENTS

The databases were queried for 12 DRGs (versions 18/24). Predictor effects for dementia on HDD categories were modeled adjusting for other defined comorbidities/covariates using logistic regression. Adjusted predictor effects of dementia on HDD in the DRG groupings were determined. Dementia prevalence and trends were assessed.

RESULTS

Increasing proportions of dementia were noted in 4 DRGs studied. Dementia was strongly associated with being discharged to a nonhome setting. The most marked dementia effects were noted in DRGs 174 (gastrointestinal hemorrhage), 88 (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), 182 (esophagitis/gastroenteritis), 138 (cardiac arrhythmias), 127 (congestive heart failure), and 89 (simple pneumonia and pleurisy), where there was at least a 76% reduction in the adjusted odds ratio (0.18–0.24) for home discharge. In contrast, DRGs 14 (stroke), 79 (respiratory infections/ inflammations), and 320 (kidney/urinary infections) had a smaller reduction in dementia‐associated adjusted odds ratio (0.41–0.46) for home discharge. DRGs 79 and 320 had the highest proportions of dementia (>10%).

CONCLUSIONS

Dementia proportions in many hospitalization categories have increased. The variable effect of dementia on home discharge suggests that dementia has a differential influence on hospital discharge disposition depending on the DRG. These findings have implications for healthcare allocation and long‐term care planning. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:586–591. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Gallic acid induces apoptosis in human cervical epithelial cells containing human papillomavirus type 16 episomes
Authors: Shi Lin , Lei Yanjun , Srivastava Ranjana , Qin Weihua , Chen Jason J.
Published: June 2015

The high‐risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) that infect the anogenital tract are strongly associated with the development of cervical carcinoma, which is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Therapeutic drugs specifically targeting HPV are not available. Polyphenolic compounds have gained considerable attention because of their cytotoxic effects against a variety of cancers and certain viruses. In this study, we examined the effects of several polyphenols on cellular proliferation and death of the human cervical cancer cells and human cervical epithelial cells containing stable HPV type 16 episomes (HPVep). Our results show that three polyphenols inhibited proliferation of HeLa cells dose‐dependently. Furthermore, one of the examined polyphenols, gallic acid (GA), also inhibited the proliferation of HPVep cells and exhibited significant specificity towards HPV‐positive cells. The anti‐proliferative effect of GA on HPVep and HeLa cells was associated with apoptosis and upregulation of p53. These results suggest that GA can be a potential candidate for the development of anti‐HPV agents. J. Med. Virol. 88:127–134, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic Magnetic Responsive Wall Array with Droplet Shedding-off Properties
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Miaoxin , Shi Weiwei , Hou Yongping , Liu Chengcheng , Feng Shile , Guo Zhenyu , Zheng Yongmei
Published: June 2015

Directional control of droplets on a surface is an important issue for tasks of long-range liquid-transport, self-cleaning and water repellency. However, it is still challenging to control the structure motions in orientations so as to control the shedding-off of droplets. Herein, we report a novel dynamic magnetic responsive wall (DMRW) array on PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) -based surface. The walls can easily tilt through the effect of the external magnet because of the magnetic material in the DMRW. The droplets can be shed off directionally on the surface. Particularly, with the shape recovery and flexible properties, it achieves simultaneous control of the tilt angles (0-60°) of DMRW for shedding-off of droplets with different volumes (1-15 μL) under magnetic action on DMRW. The mechanism of droplet shedding-off on DMRW is elucidated by theory of interfaces. It offers an insight into design of dynamic interface for water repellency. This strategy realizes the preparation of multifunctional, tunable and directional drive functions.
Controlling the assembly of cyclotriveratrylene-derived coordination cages
Authors: Henkelis James J. , Hardie Michaele J.
Published: June 2015

Ligand-functionalised cyclotriveratrylene derivatives self-assemble to afford coordination cages and topologically non-trivial constructs, including controlled assembly of M3L2 metallo-cryptophane and M6L8 cages.
An intron SNP rs807185 in ATG4A decreases the risk of lung cancer in a southwest Chinese population
Authors: He Qiao , Lu Yunyao , Hu Shiling , Huang Qin , Li Shengjin , Huang Ying , Hu Qin , Wu Lixiang , Chen Weixian
Published: June 2015

Autophagy acts as a double-edged sword in cancer. Over the years, there has been growing evidence of the involvement of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) in the etiology and progression of cancer. Importantly, lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and represents the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in developing countries. The genomic variant has emerged as an important factor in the risk of lung cancer. Here, we hypothesize that the intron single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of rs807185 in ATG4A is associated with the risk of lung cancer. In this case–control study, we genotyped the SNP rs807185 with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our data suggest that the variant A allele frequency of rs807185 in controls is higher than that in cases (37.7 vs. 24.9%, P=0.006). The adjusted odds ratio is 1.989 (95% confidence interval 1.223–3.236). Compared with the wild T allele, the variant A allele of rs807185 in ATG4A is associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer (adjusted odds ratio=0.605, 95% confidence interval 0.456–0.803, P<0.001). Furthermore, stratified analysis in a recessive model suggests that the homozygous variant genotype (AA) of rs807185 could decrease the risk of lung cancer in smoking or nonsmoking groups. In conclusion, the variant of intron SNP rs807185 in ATG4A is associated significantly with a decreased risk of lung cancer in a southwest Chinese population. The results show that the variant rs807185 of ATG4A might be a protective factor for lung cancer.
Nonverbal communication and relational identification with the supervisor
Authors: Gkorezis Panagiotis , Bellou Victoria , Skemperis Nikolaos
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– Nonverbal communication comprises a core element of the interactions between leader and follower. Nevertheless, there is limited empirical attention regarding the impact of nonverbal cues on followers’ attitudinal outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this gap by linking a salient form of nonverbal communication, kinesics, to an under-researched leader-follower relationship outcome, that is relational identification (RI) with the supervisor. In doing so, the authors also highlight the mediating role of leader-member exchange (LMX) in the aforementioned relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors conducted two studies in different countries. Moreover, the authors examined the hypotheses using hierarchical regression and bootstrap analysis.

Findings

– As hypothesized, the present results showed that kinesics have both a direct and an indirect effect, through LMX, on RI with the supervisor.

Originality/value

– To the best of authors’ knowledge this is the first study that links a form of nonverbal communication to both LMX and RI.
Pulpectomies in primary mandibular molars: a comparison of outcomes using three root filling materials
Authors: Pramila R. , Muthu M. S. , Deepa G. , Farzan J. M. , Rodrigues S. J. L.
Published: June 2015

Aim

To evaluate the outcome of root canal treatment in primary teeth using three root canal filling materials – RC Fill, Vitapex and Pulpdent root canal sealer.

Methodology

The study was a single‐centre, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial carried out on 129 primary mandibular molars with necrotic pulps or irreversible pulpitis in 4‐ to 9‐year‐old children. Participants were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly allocated into 3 groups: Group I – RC Fill [zinc oxide–eugenol (ZOE) with iodoform]; Group II – Vitapex (calcium hydroxide with iodoform); and Group III – Pulpdent root canal sealer (ZOE). The outcome measures were evaluated both clinically and radiographically at 6, 12 and 30 months according to modified American Association of Endodontists (AAE) criteria. The radiographic outcomes were assessed by two blinded and calibrated evaluators. Pearson's chi‐square analysis was performed for both intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol population.

Result

The success rates of RC Fill, Vitapex and Pulpdent were 94%, 90% and 97%, respectively, at 30 months and the differences were not significant (P = 0.137).

Conclusion

All three materials were found to be equally effective root filling materials for primary molars with necrotic pulps and irreversible pulpitis at 30 months. However, long‐term follow‐up until the eruption of the permanent successor teeth is needed for more definitive assessments.
The experience of older people living independently in Singapore
Authors: Tan K.‐K. , He H.‐G. , Chan S.W.‐C. , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen K.
Published: June 2015

Background

Globally, older people are living independently either alone or with their spouse, population continues to age. In Singapore, some may live with an unrelated older person in a public rental apartment. In Asia, these older people are associated with increased risks of poor health and social isolation, have poorer social support and a poor quality of life. Few studies have explored why these older people choose such living arrangements, the challenges they encountered and what has helped or may help them overcome these challenges.

Aim

To explore older people's experiences of living independently or with an unrelated older person.

Methods

This descriptive qualitative study involved face‐to‐face interviews with 25 informants, 65 years or older in Singapore. Thematic analysis was adopted.

Results

Five themes emerged: (1) making own choice – participants decided to live apart from their families, (2) contending with concerns – the availability of external resources for participants was shrinking, (3) coping with the available assistance – depending on available external resources from the community, (4) holding on to their values – participants rely on their internal resources to manage, and (5) preparing for the inevitable – participants were planning for their final years of life and for their death.

Conclusion

Older people have such living arrangements for many reasons. They attain well‐being and quality of life by devising strategies, tapping on their limited external resources and relying on their values to manage their diminishing resources and the foreseeable death.

Implications for nursing and/or health policy

Understanding older people's experiences may help nurses and health professionals to develop health promotion programmes that support older people's everyday needs and help them to stay healthy. Public health policy must support older people to live in a safe environment near their extended family to reduce their need to relocate.
Democratic Legitimacy and the Paradox of Persisting Opposition
Authors: González‐Ricoy Iñigo
Published: June 2015

The paradox of persisting opposition raises a puzzle for normative accounts of democratic legitimacy. It involves an outvoted democrat who opposes a given policy (because she takes it to be unjust) while supporting it (because it is the upshot of majority rule). The article makes a threefold contribution to the existing literature. First, it considers pure proceduralist and pure instrumentalist alternatives to solve the paradox and finds them wanting — on normative, conceptual, and empirical grounds. Second, it presents a solution based on a two‐level distinction between substantive and procedural legitimacy that shows that citizens are consistent in endorsing the upshot of democratic procedures while opposing it. Third, it unpacks three reasons to non‐instrumentally endorse such procedures — namely, the presence of reasonable disagreement, non‐paternalism, and the right to democratically do wrong. In so doing, the article shows that those accounts of democratic legitimacy that rely on reasonable disagreement as a necessary condition for democratic procedures being called for are flawed, or at least incomplete, and offers a more complete alternative.
A novel HLA allele, HLA‐DRB1*15:116, discovered in a Taiwanese unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donor
Authors: Yang K. L. , Hung J. H. , Lin P. Y.
Published: June 2015

One nucleotide substitution at residue 127 of HLA‐DRB1*15:01:01:01 results in a new allele, HLA‐DRB1*15:116.