bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Critical Role of Cell Homing in Cytotherapeutics and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: He Xiao‐Tao , Wang Jia , Li Xuan , Yin Yuan , Sun Hai‐Hua , Chen Fa‐Ming
Published: October 2018

Recent advances in cell science and regenerative therapies mimic the therapeutic effects of patients’ own cells when they home to and accumulate at sites of injury. Inspired by stem cell trafficking under in vivo conditions, the facilitation of stem cell homing and the driving of endogenously mobilized mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for advanced therapeutics have shown indisputable success in several preclinical studies. In fact, stem cell homing is also relevant for cell transplantation. Ensuring that a sufficient number of transplanted cells arrive at the targeted region is a prerequisite for treatments to be successful, particularly when culture‐expanded cells are injected intravenously. In this progress report, the authors discuss the important role of cell homing following i) the delivery of ex vivo‐manipulated cellular materials, ii) the transplantation of bone marrow in a bone marrow transplant procedure, and iii) endogenous cell mobilization/recruitment in response to injury and disease. Considering a paradigm shift from in vitro tissue engineering to in situ tissue regeneration, current endeavors and future potential in the topics of chemokine‐guided cell homing and the design of cell‐comfortable scaffolds that combine both biochemical and biophysical cues for immunomodulation and in situ tissue regeneration are highlighted.
Silicon‐Enhanced Adipogenesis and Angiogenesis for Vascularized Adipose Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wang Xiaoya , Gao Long , Han Yan , Xing Min , Zhao Cancan , Peng Jinliang , Chang Jiang
Published: October 2018

The enhancement of adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and sufficient vascularization remain great challenges for the successful reconstruction of engineered adipose tissue. Here, the bioactive effects of silicon (Si) ions on adipogenic differentiation of human BMSCs (HBMSCs) and the stimulation of vascularization during adipose tissue regeneration are reported. The results show that Si ions can enhance adipogenic differentiation of HBMSCs through the stimulation of the expression of adipogenic differentiation switches such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. Furthermore, Si ions can enhance both angiogenesis and adipogenesis, and inhibit dedifferentiation of cocultured adipocytes by regulating the interactions between HBMSC‐derived adipocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, in which the promotion of the expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor plays vital roles. The in vivo studies further demonstrate that the designed composite hydrogel with the ability to release bioactive Si ions clearly stimulates neovascularization and adipose tissue regeneration. The study suggests that Si ions released from biomaterials are important chemical cues for adipogenic differentiation and biomaterials with the ability to release Si ions can be designed for adipose tissue engineering.
Beating Vesicles: Encapsulated Protein Oscillations Cause Dynamic Membrane Deformations
Authors: Litschel Thomas , Ramm Beatrice , Maas Roel , Heymann Michael , Schwille Petra
Published: October 2018

The bacterial Min protein system was encapsulated in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Using confocal fluorescence microscopy, we identified several distinct modes of spatiotemporal patterns inside spherical GUVs. For osmotically deflated GUVs, the vesicle shape actively changed in concert with the Min oscillations. The periodic relocation of Min proteins from the vesicle lumen to the membrane and back is accompanied by drastic changes in the mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer. In particular, two types of oscillating membrane‐shape changes are highlighted: 1) GUVs that repeatedly undergo fission into two connected compartments and fusion of these compartments back into a dumbbell shape and 2) GUVs that show periodic budding and subsequent merging of the buds with the mother vesicle, accompanied by an overall shape change of the vesicle reminiscent of a bouncing ball. These findings demonstrate how reaction–diffusion‐based protein self‐organization can directly yield visible mechanical effects on membrane compartments, even up to autonomous division, without the need for coupling to cytoskeletal elements.
Weighty Conversations: Caregivers', Children's, and Clinicians' Perspectives and Experiences of Discussing Weight‐Related Topics in Healthcare Consultations
Authors: Jachyra Patrick , Anagnostou Evdokia , Knibbe Tara Joy , Petta Catharine , Cosgrove Susan , Chen Lorry , Capano Lucia , Moltisanti Lorena , McPherson Amy C.
Published: October 2018

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a higher risk of having obesity than their typically developing peers. Although it has been recommended that health care providers (HCPs) speak to caregivers and children about the risk of higher weights, no research has examined how HCPs communicate weight‐related information. Furthermore, there is a dearth of evidence regarding how to approach and deliver optimal weight‐related discussions among children with ASD and their caregivers. Given these knowledge gaps, 21 in‐depth interviews were conducted with children with ASD, their caregivers, and HCPs. Using a qualitative analytic approach, data from interviews were analyzed thematically. Results suggest that HCPs at times projected weight stigma during clinical encounters, which did not motivate children and caregivers to work toward work loss or wellness. HCPs also described reticence in engaging families in weight‐related conversations due to limited training, and lack of clinical tools to guide these conversations. All stakeholders identified a need to work together to establish a therapeutic partnership to discuss weight‐related issues without blame or shame. The combination of strength‐based communication approaches, establishing a strong therapeutic partnership, and development of clinical tools facilitating weight‐related discussions for HCPs outlined in this article are potential vehicles to foster successful weight‐related discussions while promoting lifelong wellness. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1500–1510. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a higher risk of having obesity. Yet, it is unknown how healthcare providers (HCPs) should deliver weight‐related information. Findings suggest children and caregivers experienced weight stigma and were uncomfortable discussing weight‐related issues. HCPs identified that they did not have sufficient training, and did not feel confident identifying/addressing weight issues. Tools are needed to facilitate weight‐related discussions among children, caregivers and HCPs.
Visual Exploration in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring Age Differences and Dynamic Features Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis
Authors: Manyakov Nikolay V. , Bangerter Abigail , Chatterjee Meenakshi , Mason Luke , Ness Seth , Lewin David , Skalkin Andrew , Boice Matthew , Goodwin Matthew S. , Dawson Geraldine , Hendren Robert , Leventhal Bennett , Shic Frederick , Pandina Gahan
Published: October 2018

Eye‐tracking studies have demonstrated that individuals with autism spectrum disorder sometimes show differences in attention and gaze patterns. This includes preference for certain nonsocial objects, heightened attention to detail, and more difficulty with attention shifting and disengagement, which may be associated with restricted and repetitive behaviors. This study utilized a visual exploration task and replicates findings of reduced number of objects explored and increased fixation duration on high autism interest objects in a large sample of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (n = 129, age 6–54 years) in comparison with a typically developing group. These findings correlated with parent‐reported repetitive behaviors. Additionally, we applied recurrent quantification analysis to enable identification of new eye‐tracking features, which accounted for temporal and spatial differences in viewing patterns. These new features were found to discriminate between autism spectrum disorder and typically developing groups and were correlated with parent‐reported repetitive behaviors. Original and novel eye‐tracking features identified by recurrent quantification analysis differed in their relationships to reported behaviors and were dependent on age. Trial Registration: NCT02299700. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1554–1566. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Using eye‐tracking technology and a visual exploration task, we showed that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) spend more time looking at particular kinds of objects, like trains and clocks, and look at fewer objects overall than people without ASD. Where people look and the order in which they look at objects were related to the restricted and repetitive behaviors reported by parents. Eye‐tracking may be a useful addition to parent reports for measuring changes in behavior in individuals with ASD.
AWWA Standard C810‐17: An Important Tool for Utilities in Reducing Exposure to Lead in Water
Authors: McTigue Nancy E. , Oberoi Kanwal , Morgan Kenneth C. , Schmelling Maureen K. , Olson Paul J.
Published: October 2018

A standard released in 2017 by AWWA outlines procedures for safely replacing and flushing lead service lines.
Orthorhombic Nanostructured Li2MnSiO4/Al2O3 Supercapattery Electrode with Efficient Lithium‐Ion Migratory Pathway
Authors: Ndipingwi Miranda M. , Ikpo Chinwe O. , Hlongwa Ntuthuko W. , Myalo Zolani , Ross Natasha , Masikini Milua , John Suru V. , Baker Priscilla G. , Roos Wiets D. , Iwuoha Emmanuel I.
Published: October 2018

A Li2MnSiO4/Al2O3 nanocomposite (LMSA) was prepared as positive electrode material for aqueous supercapatteries by hydrothermal synthesis of Li2MnSiO4 nanoparticles (LMS) followed by wet chemical coating with Al2O3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mapping of the spherical LMSA nanoparticles indicated a homogenous distribution of the constituent atoms. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) measurements revealed that a prominent population of the nanoparticles show a center‐to‐center spacing of 7 nm. This is resulting in a large surface area accessible for the migration of Li‐ions and efficient charge storage, leading to improved electrochemical performance as a supercapattery electrode. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SS NMR) studies portrayed the orthorhombic (Pmn21) crystalline phase of the LMSA and LMS materials which provides a good migratory pathway for the Li‐ions. The nanocomposite showed a high rate performance as a positive electrode in an aqueous supercapattery assembled with activated carbon as the negative electrode. The hybrid cell delivered a maximum specific capacitance of 141.5 F g−1 and a maximum specific power of 4020.8 W kg−1 with good cyclic stability and capacitance retention of 93.6 % after 100 cycles. These results the promising potential of the Li2MnSiO4/Al2O3 nanocomposite as candidate for advanced supercapatteries.
Selective Oxidation of n‐Butane over Vanadium‐Phosphorus Oxide: Oxygen Activation and Dynamics
Authors: Schulz Christian , Kraehnert Ralph , Rosowski Frank , Frank Benjamin
Published: October 2018

The complex microkinetics of the selective oxidation of n‐butane to maleic anhydride (MAN) over vanadyl pyrophosphate‐based (VPP) catalysts has been widely investigated so far, however, they are still under debate. We present novel results of kinetic analyses and isotope labeling to shed light on the activation of gas‐phase oxygen and the dynamics of oxygen species on the catalyst surface and in the bulk. We suggest the existence of at least two catalytically relevant surface oxygen species responsible for selective and unselective activation of n‐butane, which are formed by adsorption and consecutive dissociation of O2 at the active site. The formation of selective [O] from unselective [O2] is likely promoted by co‐fed H2O, which increases the MAN selectivity. Regarding the VPP bulk serving as a reservoir for active [O] species it is concluded that the dynamic exchange is limited to the amorphous surface layer forming under reaction conditions, whereas the crystalline bulk is not involved into the reaction. Labelling studies are heavily influenced by vital 16O/18O scrambling of MAN isotopes with the reaction product H2O.
Synthesis of Ni4Yb(OH)10NO3 ⋅ 3H2O Nanosheets for Electrode Materials in Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Duan Huiyu , Zheng Shasha , Zhuang Jing , Wang Tong , Chen Kai , Liu Suli , Chen Changyun , Pang Huan
Published: October 2018

Transition metal hydroxides have attracted considerable attention as promising electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage. In this work, we first used a facile and green approach to synthesize Ni4Yb(OH)10NO3 ⋅ 3H2O nanosheets, which are thin‐layer hexagonal structures. Additionally, this method can be developed to synthesize other lanthanide‐doped Ni(OH)2 materials. When used as electrode materials, these nanosheets exhibited excellent electrochemical energy storage performance and good cycling stability. For example, the Ni4Yb(OH)10NO3 ⋅ 3H2O nanosheet electrode showed a specific capacitance of 1482.1 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, while maintaining great cycling stability (a capacity retention of 71.8 % after 2000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1).
Efficient Degradation of Phenol and 4‐Nitrophenol by Surface Oxygen Vacancies and Plasmonic Silver Co‐Modified Bi2MoO6 Photocatalysts
Authors: Shen Huidong , Xue Wenwen , Fu Feng , Sun Jiefang , Zhen Yanzhong , Wang Danjun , Shao Bing , Tang Junwang
Published: October 2018

In this work, the surface plasmon resonance effect of metallic Ag, surface oxygen vacancies (SOVs), and Bi2MoO6 (BMO) material were rationally combined to construct new oxygen‐vacancy‐rich Ag/Bi2MoO6 (A/BMO‐SOVs) photocatalysts. Their synergistic effect on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 4‐nitrophenol under visible‐light irradiation (λ≥420 nm) was also investigated. TEM, EPR, and Raman spectra demonstrate the co‐existence of metallic Ag nanoparticles, surface oxygen vacancies, and Bi2MoO6 due to a controlled calcination process. The experimental results disclose that the 2 %A/BMO‐SOVs‐375 sample exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of both phenol and 4‐nitrophenol under visible‐light irradiation, achieving nearly 100 and 80 % removal efficiency, respectively, and demonstrated the apparent reaction rate constants (kapp) 183 and 26.5 times, respectively, higher than that of pure Bi2MoO6. The remarkable photodegradation performance of A/BMO‐SOVs for organic substances is attributed to the synergistic effect between the surface oxygen vacancies, metallic Ag nanoparticles, and Bi2MoO6, which not only improves the visible‐light response ability, but also facilitates charge separation. Thus, this work provides an effective strategy for the design and fabrication of highly efficient photocatalysts through integrating surface oxygen vacancies and the surface plasmon resonance effect of nanoparticles, which has the potential for both water treatment and air purification.
Magnetic Shielding, Aromaticity, Antiaromaticity and Bonding in the Low‐Lying Electronic States of S2N2
Authors: Karadakov Peter B. , Al‐Yassiri Muntadar A. H. , Cooper David L.
Published: October 2018

Aromaticity, antiaromaticity and chemical bonding in the ground (S0), first singlet excited (S1) and lowest triplet (T1) electronic states of disulfur dinitride, S2N2, were investigated by analysing the isotropic magnetic shielding, σiso(r), in the space surrounding the molecule for each electronic state. The σiso(r) values were calculated by state‐optimized CASSCF/cc‐pVTZ wave functions with 22 electrons in 16 orbitals constructed from gauge‐including atomic orbitals (GIAOs). The S1 and T1 electronic states were confirmed as 11Au and 13B3u, respectively, through linear response CC3/aug‐cc‐pVTZ calculations of the vertical excitation energies for eight singlet (S1–S8) and eight triplet (T1–T8) electronic states. The aromaticities of S0, S1 and T1 were also assessed using additional magnetic criteria including nucleus‐independent chemical shifts (NICS) and magnetic susceptibilities calculated at several levels of theory, the highest of which were CCSDT‐GIAO/cc‐pVTZ for S0 and CASSCF(22,16)‐GIAO/aug‐cc‐pVQZ for S1 and T1. The results strongly suggest that: 1) the S0 electronic ground state of S2N2 is aromatic but less so than the electronic ground state of benzene; 2) S1 is profoundly antiaromatic, to an extent that removes any bonding interactions that would keep the atoms together; and 3) T1 is also antiaromatic, but its antiaromaticity is more moderate and similar to that observed in the electronic ground state of square cyclobutadiene. S2N2 is the first example of an inorganic ring for which theory predicts substantial changes in aromaticity upon vertical transition from the ground state to the first singlet excited or lowest triplet electronic states.
N‐Heterocycle‐Stabilized Iodanes: From Structure to Reactivity
Authors: Boelke Andreas , Lork Enno , Nachtsheim Boris J.
Published: October 2018

Pseudocyclic aryl‐λ3‐iodanes are superior reagents for a variety of oxidative transformations due to a well‐balanced relation between stability, solubility and reactivity. Their properties are substantially influenced by a dative interaction between a Lewis base, in general the oxygen atom of a carboxylic acid or an amide, and the central hypervalent iodine atom. This work presents the first systematic investigation of pseudocyclic N‐heterocycle‐stabilized iodanes (NHIs). The synthesis of these throughout shelf‐stable solids is robust and can be achieved on a large scale. Their reactivity is highly tunable, depending on the stabilizing heterocycle. Solid state structures of selected derivatives are reported and their reactivity in a model oxygen transfer reaction is compared. Further derivatization reactions to N‐heterocycle‐stabilized pseudocyclic diaryliodonium salts and cyclic iodoso species are presented as well.
The Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Telomerization Reaction with Phenols, Polyphenols and Kraft Lignin
Authors: Dumont Clément , Belva Frederic , Gauvin Regis M. , Sauthier Mathieu
Published: October 2018

An efficient carbonylative coupling reaction of two equivalents of 1,3‐butadiene, yielding aryl nona‐3,8‐dienoate esters, is performed with phenols as nucleophile, and promoted by palladium‐based catalysts. Optimization study reveals the key role of benzoic acid as a cocatalyst. The suggested catalyst combination enables the conversion of a wide scope of variously substituted phenols into corresponding esters with a high yield. Further tests were performed with diphenols, naturally‐occurring phenols and an industrial grade Kraft lignin, thus, indicating the scope of this reaction for transforming industrially relevant polyphenolic structures.
Fractional operator without singular kernel: Applications to linear electrical circuits
Authors: Morales‐Delgado Victor F. , Gómez‐Aguilar José F. , Taneco‐Hernández Marco A. , Escobar‐Jiménez Ricardo F.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents the analytical solutions of fractional linear electrical systems by using the Caputo‐Fabrizio fractional‐order operator in Liouville‐Caputo sense. This novel operator involves an exponential kernel without singularities. The fractional equations were solved analytically by using the properties of Laplace transform operator, as well as the convolution theorem. To validate the analytical solutions, numerical simulations were carried out.
Physiological stress measures in preschool children and their relationship with body composition and behavioral problems
Authors: Messerli‐Bürgy Nadine , Arhab Amar , Stülb Kerstin , Kakebeeke Tanja H. , Zysset Annina E. , Leeger‐Aschmann Claudia S. , Schmutz Einat A. , Ehlert Ulrike , Kriemler Susi , Jenni Oskar G. , Munsch Simone , Puder Jardena J.
Published: October 2018

Background

The relationship between physiological stress measures and body composition or behavioral problems in older children remains controversial, and data in young children are lacking. The aim of the study was to investigate this relationship in predominantly healthy preschool children.

Method

Physiological stress measures were assessed using diurnal salivary alpha‐amylase (sAA) and salivary cortisol, nail cortisol and parasympathetic activation (PNS) by overnight heart rate variability, and body composition (body mass index, skinfold thickness) and behavior problems (using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) in 324 children aged 2–6 years of the SPLASHY study.

Results

Parasympathetic nervous system was inversely related to body fat, to emotional, and to peer problems. Diurnal sAA was related to hyperactivity problems and moderated the relationship of cortisol and hyperactivity problems. Cortisol was not related to any other health problems.

Discussion

The relationship of PNS with body composition and behavioral problems might highlight the protective role of the parasympathetic system early in life.
Celebrating research contributions from Australia: Marking the XXIVth annual meeting of the Eating Disorder Research Society
Authors: Wade Tracey
Published: October 2018

This Virtual Issue of the International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED) is released to mark the XXIVth Eating Disorder Research Society (EDRS) meeting in Sydney, Australia. This is the second EDRS meeting in Australia, reflecting the strong contribution of Australian researchers to eating disorder research internationally. Attendees at the Sydney EDRS meeting will be able to access the top 10 cited papers from IJED by Australian authors in 2016–2017, cited an average of 10.2 times each. It is pleasing to note the strong representation of early career researchers and the range of topics addressed.
Proposal of server and storage resource partition method for mission critical system consolidation
Authors: Hayashi Shinichi , Matsuzawa Keiichi
Published: October 2018

We propose server and storage resource partition method for mission critical system consolidation to prevent performance interference in cloud computing environment. We made experiments to allocate dedicated CPU core and SSD to a virtual machine. As a result of running a standard online transaction processing benchmark on three virtual machines, transaction performance decrease by 65% with the existing method and by only 9% with the proposed method.
Plasma cells: The programming of an antibody‐secreting machine
Authors: Tellier Julie , Nutt Stephen L
Published: October 2018

Antibodies are an essential component of our immune system, underpinning the effectiveness of both the primary immune response to microbial pathogens and the protective and long‐lived immunity against re‐challenge. All antibodies are produced by relatively rare populations of plasmablasts and plasma cells, collectively termed antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs). It is now apparent that ASCs are unique in the body in terms of their gene expression program and metabolic pathways that enable these cells to have an extraordinary rate of immunoglobulin gene transcription, translation, assembly and secretion. In this review we will discuss the cellular, metabolic and molecular specialization that allows ASCs to maintain such high rates of antibody production, in some cases for the life of the individual. Throughout the review we will link these exquisite cellular and molecular adaptations to the major regulators of ASC gene expression, in an attempt to define how the ASC phenotype and function is genetically programmed.
Au‐Catalyzed Addition of Nucleophiles to Chloroalkynes: A Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐Alkenyl Chlorides
Authors: Liu Congrong , Xue Yunbo , Ding Lianghui , Zhang Haiyun , Yang Fulai
Published: October 2018

An unprecedented protocol has been developed for the regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of (Z)‐alkenyl chlorides via the gold‐catalyzed addition of nucleophiles to chloroalkynes. In the presence of 1 mol‐% BrettPhosAuCl, a broad range of nucleophiles smoothly react with aromatic, vinylic, or aliphatic chloroalkynes to afford various functionalized (Z)‐alkenyl chlorides with high to excellent yields and extremely high stereoselectivity.
The fate of microplastics during uptake and depuration phases in a blue mussel exposure system
Authors: Rist Sinja , Steensgaard Ida M. , Guven Olgac , Nielsen Torkel Gissel , Jensen Lene Hartmann , Møller Lene F. , Hartmann Nanna B.
Published: October 2018

We present a blue mussel exposure system where the fate of microplastics (polystyrene beads) is tracked during exposure and depuration phases. This enabled the establishment of a complete mass balance. Quantification of beads in mussels was done with a novel enzymatic digestion protocol. We found a similar relative distribution of beads for 2 environmentally realistic concentrations (5 and 100 beads L−1) and no substantial egestion of particles within 2 h of depuration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:99–105. © 2018 SETAC

Abstract

A complete mass balance of microplastic beads in a blue mussel exposure system was established by quantifying beads in 4 compartments: the exposure water, the mussel after exposure, the depuration water, and the mussel after depuration. MP = microplastic.
Evaluation of actions, barriers, and facilitators to reducing dietary sodium in health care institutions
Authors: Lacey Michael , Chandra Sharon , Tzianetas Roula , Arcand JoAnne
Published: October 2018

Background

Globally, population‐wide sodium reduction strategies have been adopted and implemented to address the adverse health effects of excess dietary sodium. However, in Canada, minimal coordinated action by governments has occurred, including interventions aimed at food service operations in hospitals and long‐term care (LTC) centers. The objective of this study was to investigate actions, attitudes, barriers, and facilitators related to sodium reduction in these institutions.

Methodology

A cross‐sectional survey was administered to food service administrators working in hospitals and LTC facilities in Ontario. Responses from key informants from 27 institutions, representing 9,823 patient/resident beds were included.

Results

Overall, 63.0% of institutions had an established sodium target (900–4,000 mg/day). The reported sodium level on “regular” menus was 2,845 ± 1,025 mg/day. Sixty‐three percent believed it was important to reduce sodium on inpatient/resident menus. Top facilitators reported for sodium reduction included group purchasing organizations identifying lower sodium foods (85.2%), increased availability of pre‐packaged lower sodium products (77.8%), government prioritizing and providing support and resources (74.1%), and improved taste of lower sodium foods (74.1%). Only 37.0% believed that patient/resident satisfaction would decrease with sodium reduction. Sodium reduction practices were variable among food service operations.

Conclusions

These data support the need for consistent and coordinated policies to facilitate sodium reduction in hospitals and long‐term care settings and for multi‐sectorial government, industry, and institutional support to ensure success.
Experience from TBM excavation obtained in the Follo Line Project
Authors: Gollegger Johannes
Published: October 2018

In some projects the selection of TBM is straight forward, but in others all boundary conditions have to be carefully evaluated in order to make the most suitable choice. For underground projects the actual ground conditions remain to certain degree always unknown, regardless of the performed ground investigations. This means specific parameters, which may have significant impact on the project success, might be over‐ or underestimated. Such parameters could be different rock mass properties as well as water ingress. This paper discusses some relevant parameters for TBM selection in hard rock environment, mainly based on the experience gained in the Follo Line Project in Norway. Four double shield TBMs with excavation diameter of 9.96 m are drilling through various kinds of gneisses with banding and lenses of amphibolite and pegmatite. More than 75 % of a total of 36 km have already been excavated with several kilometres of pre‐excavation grouting for reduction of water ingress. Furthermore, potential improvements for TBMs will be proposed in order to make TBMs even more successful.
Selection of a suitable TBM for soft ground tunnelling
Authors: Edelhoff Dennis , Humme Eva
Published: October 2018

For tunnelling in loose rock, where active and continuous support of the face is required, the application areas of mix/hydro and EPB shield machines are increasingly overlapping to such a degree that the use of both types of machine is possible both in the fine‐grain range and in coarse‐grained loose rock. Since the prevailing soil conditions are rarely homogeneous, but rather characterised by alternating sequence, the planning process is of decisive importance. However, it is not possible to select machines solely based on soil conditions or geotechnical parameters. The supplementary assessment areas include the machine‐ and process‐engineering, system‐immanent special features, e.g. management of bricks/blocks, transfer of supporting pressure and maintenance, interaction of TVM building ground regarding wear and sticking, utilization of the overburden as well as evaluation of the spoil quality. This article describes the main aspects of the decision‐making process for suitable machine and tunnelling technology and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages.
Validation of longitudinal displacement profiles by measurement at the Brenner Base Tunnel
Authors: Schneider‐Muntau Barbara , Reinhold Chris , Cordes Tobias , Bathaeian Iman , Bergmeister Konrad
Published: October 2018

Longitudinal displacement profiles describe the displacement history during tunnel excavation, including that occurring ahead of the tunnel face. These deformations have an influence on the structural design of tunnel support. Theoretical approaches are used to estimate these deformations. However, as the approaches are based on assumptions, they should be applied with caution, particularly in case of deep tunnels. Therefore, experimentally determined longitudinal displacement profiles provide a valuable data basis for validation of the approaches. This study compares 40 m long horizontal chain inclinometer measurements in two lithologies in the exploration tunnel of the Brenner Base Tunnel with theoretically calculated profiles. The chain inclinometers were installed above the tunnel before the start of tunnelling. A measured radial displacement profile was created for each round, the statistical mean value curve was calculated and finally compared with the theoretical approaches. The measurement results show good qualitative agreement ahead of the tunnel face.
Bedding improvement of lining segments using geotextile tubes
Authors: Henzinger Michael R. , Lange Andreas , Volkmann Günther M. , Moritz Bernd A. , Schubert Wulf
Published: October 2018

During a shield TBM excavation in hard rock, the immediate backfill of the crown immediately behind the shield is technically difficult to realize. With the advance of the cutter head a relocation process of pea gravel within the annular gap is triggered, leading to an insufficient bedding distribution of the first segments behind the shield tail and to an ovalization of the segmental lining at a certain load level. During a test application as part of an ”TBM research initiative“ of the Austrian Federal Railways geotextile tubes were integrated into the exterior surface of the segments. Immediately after leaving the shield tail, the geotextile tube, which is placed all around one ring of segments, is expanded by injection with grout. As a result, an immediate bedding between the rock mass and segmental lining is established, also preventing the rearrangement of pea gravel within the annular gap when the shield is moved forward. The displacement measurements have shown that the ring of segments equipped with geotextile tubes experiences a more rigid body motion like behaviour after leaving the shield tail with a minimal ovalization only. Numerical simulations show the influence of bedding improvement on the ovalization of the ring of segments after leaving the shield tail.
Further development of yielding elements and connecting elements for shotcrete
Authors: Schubert Wulf , Brunnegger Stefan , Staudacher Robert , Wenger Julian
Published: October 2018

Yielding elements in combination with shotcrete linings are used in Austria since 1994, replacing the previous method of leaving open gaps. The first system, used at the Galgenbergtunnel, consisted of groups of axially loaded steel pipes with manufactured local weakness. The resistance of those elements showed a pronounced oscillation during shortening. This triggered a first improvement of the elements in the late 1990ies. Those elements were called LSC (Lining Stress Controller) and subsequently successfully used on a significant number of projects around the world. Recently, the yielding elements have been further optimized aiming at easier production and lower costs. Still using steel pipes, those are filled with porous material, increasing the elements' capacity. With sequential excavation, construction joints in the shotcrete lining are necessary. Producing quality joints appears to be difficult without special connecting elements. The so produced connections are thus potential points of weakness, reducing the lining capacity. A prototype of a connecting element was developed, which can be easily produced and installed. Site tests have been successfully conducted at the tunnel Stein in Austria.
Medicines management issues in dementia and coping strategies used by people living with dementia and family carers: A systematic review
Authors: Lim Rosemary H. , Sharmeen Taniya
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Medicines play a key role in the lives of people with dementia, primarily to manage symptoms. Managing medicines is complex for people with dementia and their family carers and can result in multiple problems leading to harm. We conducted a systematic review to identify and model medication issues experienced and coping strategies used by people with dementia and/or family carers.

Methods

Eleven general databases and four systematic review databases were searched. Studies were quality assessed using an established framework and thematically analysed.

Results

Twenty‐one articles were included in this study, and four domains affecting medication use were identified: cognitive, medication, social and cultural, and knowledge/educational and communication. People with dementia reported medication issues in all four domains, but few coping strategies were developed. Family carers reported issues and coping strategies related to the medication and knowledge/educational and communication domains. Common issues with regards to knowledge and communication about medicines remain unresolved. The “voices” of people with dementia appeared largely missing from the literature so were in‐depth understanding of how, whether, and in which circumstances coping strategies work in managing medicines.

Conclusions

Medicines management is a complex set of activities and although current coping strategies exists, these were primarily used by family carers or the person with dementia‐carer dyad. Health and social care practitioners and researchers should seek to understand in‐depth the “mechanisms of action” of existing coping strategies and actively involve people with dementia as co‐producers of knowledge to underpin any further work on medicines management.
An interest‐based intervention package to increase peer social interaction in young children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Watkins Laci , O'Reilly Mark , Kuhn Michelle , Ledbetter‐Cho Katherine
Published: October 2018

The literature suggests that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) educated in inclusive settings generally do not interact with typically developing classmates during social activities. This study assessed whether an intervention package consisting of interest‐based structured play activities involving adult instruction, modeling, and response to child questions would result in an increase in social interaction with typically developing peers. A multiple baseline design across four participants with an embedded reversal was used to demonstrate the effects of the intervention on social interaction during structured play sessions. Initiations, responses, and interactive play increased for all participants. Generalization to novel peers was observed, and treatment gains were maintained during 6‐week follow‐up sessions. Recommendations for practitioners working with children with ASD in inclusive settings and potential areas of future research are discussed.
CCE estimation of factor‐augmented regression models with more factors than observables
Authors: Karabiyik Hande , Urbain Jean‐Pierre , Westerlund Joakim
Published: October 2018

This paper considers estimation of factor‐augmented panel data regression models. One of the most popular approaches towards this end is the common correlated effects (CCE) estimator of Pesaran (Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure. Econometrica, 2006, 74, 967–1012, 2006). For the pooled version of this estimator to be consistent, either the number of observables must be larger than the number of unobserved common factors, or the factor loadings must be distributed independently of each other. This is a problem in the typical application involving only a small number of regressors and/or correlated loadings. The current paper proposes a simple extension to the CCE procedure by which both requirements can be relaxed. The CCE approach is based on taking the cross‐section average of the observables as an estimator of the common factors. The idea put forth in the current paper is to consider not only the average but also other cross‐section combinations. Asymptotic properties of the resulting combination‐augmented CCE (C3E) estimator are provided and tested in small samples using both simulated and real data.
Private returns to R&D in the presence of spillovers, revisited
Authors: Millo Giovanni
Published: October 2018

This is both a replication of Eberhardt et al. (Review of Economics and Statistics, 2013, 95(2), 436–448) using different software, and a critical extension and diagnostic reassessment of the original results. The main findings of the paper are confirmed and sometimes reinforced. We point out some inconsistencies, in particular in the calculation of standard errors for the common correlated effects pooled model; we extend the diagnostic checks; lastly, in the spirit of the original contribution, we show how local cross‐sectional dependence diagnostics can be used to provide a first assessment of the direction of spillovers. We provide complete replication code in open source R.
Magnesium ion leachables induce a conversion of contractile vascular smooth muscle cells to an inflammatory phenotype
Authors: Zhou Yuehua , Liu Xing , Huang Nan , Chen Yuping
Published: October 2018

Phenotype switching is a characteristic response of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) to the dynamic microenvironment and contributes to all stages of atherosclerotic plaque. Here, we immersed pure magnesium and AZ31 alloy in the completed medium under cell culture condition, applied the resultant leaching extracts to the isolated contractile rat aortic vSMCs and investigated how vSMCs phenotypically responded to the degradation of the magnesium‐based stent materials. vSMCs became more proliferative and migratory but underwent more apoptosis when exposed to the degradation products of pure magnesium; while the AZ31 extracts caused less cell division but more apoptosis, thus slowing cell moving and growing. Noticeably, both leaching extracts dramatically downregulated the contractile phenotypic genes at mRNA and protein levels while significantly induced the inflammatory adhesive molecules and cytokines. Exogenously added Mg ions excited similar transformations of vSMCs. With the liberation or supplementation of Mg2+, the expression patterns of the pro‐contractile transactivator myocardin and the pro‐inflammatory transcriptional factor kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) were reversed. Overall, the degradation of the Mg‐based materials would evoke a shift of the contractile vSMCs to an inflammatory phenotype via releasing Mg ions to induce a transition from the phenotypic control of vSMCs by the myocardin to that by the KLF4. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 988–1001, 2019.
Zearalenone can relieve dextran sulfate sodium‐induced inflammatory reaction
Authors: Ding Chenchen , Fan Wentao , Shen Tongtong , Huang Kehe , Song Suquan , Yan Liping
Published: October 2018

In this study, we investigated the influence of zearalenone (ZEA) on the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis model both in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that the mRNA levels of IL‐1β, IL‐18, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase‐1 in the DSS+ZEA‐treated group are lower than those in either the DSS or ZEA group, and the protein expression trends are similar. Furthermore, colitis, which is characterized by body weight loss, stool consistency, and the presence of bloody feces, was significantly alleviated in the DSS+ZEA group when compared with that in the DSS group. In addition, histological analysis showed that inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue damage of the colon in the DSS+ZEA group were recovered compared with that in the DSS‐treated group. These results suggest that, instead of aggravating DSS‐induced colitis, ZEA relieves the inflammatory reaction in colon tissue, which may be related to its estrogenic activity.
miRNA profiling in the hippocampus of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder rats
Authors: Tian Tian , Zhang Yan , Wu Tianqi , Yang Lei , Chen Chunxiao , Li Nan , Li Yue , Xu Siliang , Fu Ziyi , Cui Xianwei , Ji Chenbo , Chi Xia , Tong Meiling , Chen Ronghua , Hong Qin , Hu Youfang
Published: October 2018

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by attention  deficit, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and learning and memory impairment. Although the pathogenesis of learning and memory impairment is still unknown, some studies have suggested an association with hippocampus dysfunction. We aimed to explore the role of miRNAs in the learning and memory impairments observed in ADHD. Differentially expressed hippocampal micro‐ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar‐Kyoto rats (WKYs) were detected on an Illumina HiSeq. 2000 genome analyzer. A total of 25 differentially expressed miRNAs (fold‐change ≥ 2 and
P‐value < 0.05) were identified. The target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using online tools (TargetScan and miRDB). Gene ontology and pathway analysis of the predicted target genes were carried out to assess their putative biological functions. Meanwhile, quantitative real‐time PCR was used to validate the HiSeq results, revealing that three miRNAs (miR‐1‐b, miR‐741‐3p, and miR‐206‐3p) were upregulated and four (miR‐182, miR‐471‐5p, miR‐183‐5p, and miR‐211‐5p) were downregulated in the SHR group compared with the WKY group. In addition, we confirmed that Dyrk1a is regulated by miR‐211‐5p. These results help us understand the contribution of miRNAs in the hippocampus to ADHD and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of this condition.
Macrophage polarity in cancer: A review
Authors: Najafi Masoud , Hashemi Goradel Nasser , Farhood Bagher , Salehi Eniseh , Nashtaei Maryam Shabani , Khanlarkhani Neda , Khezri Zahra , Majidpoor Jamal , Abouzaripour Morteza , Habibi Mohsen , Kashani Iraj Ragerdi , Mortezaee Keywan
Published: October 2018

Macrophages are the most abundant cells within the tumor stroma displaying noticeable plasticity, which allows them to perform several functions within the tumor microenvironment. Tumor‐associated macrophages commonly refer to an alternative M2 phenotype, exhibiting anti‐inflammatory and pro‐tumoral effects. M2 cells are highly versatile and multi‐tasking cells that directly influence multiple steps in tumor development, including cancer cell survival, proliferation, stemness, and invasiveness along with angiogenesis and immunosuppression. M2 cells perform these functions through critical interactions with cells related to tumor progression, including Th2 cells, cancer‐associated fibroblasts, cancer cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells. M2 cells also have negative cross‐talks with tumor suppressor cells, including cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. Programed death‐1 (PD‐1) is one of the key receptors expressed in M2 cells that, upon interaction with its ligand PD‐L1, plays cardinal roles for induction of immune evasion in cancer cells. In addition, M2 cells can neutralize the effects of the pro‐inflammatory and anti‐tumor M1 phenotype. Classically activated M1 cells express high levels of major histocompatibility complex molecules, and the cells are strong killers of cancer cells. Therefore, orchestrating M2 reprogramming toward an M1 phenotype would offer a promising approach for reversing the fate of tumor and promoting cancer regression. Macrophage switching toward an anti‐inflammatory M1 phenotype could be used as an adjuvant with other approaches, including radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockades, such as anti‐PD‐L1/PD‐1 strategies.
Efficacy and safety of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy for IgA nephropathy: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ji Yue , Yang Kang , Xiao Bo , Lin Jin , Zhao Qingyun , Bhuva Maheshkumar Satishkumar , Yang Hongtao
Published: October 2018

Background

Published reports evaluating whether angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB) therapy could bring improvements to the prognosis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) have yielded confusing results, which entails a systematic review of those reports. In this study, we summarized currently available evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of ACEI/ARB therapy of IgAN.

Methods

PubMed, International comprehensive biomedical information bibliographic database produced by the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), Excerpt Medica Database (EMBASE), and Cochrane Library and article reference lists were searched for RCTs that compared ACEI/ARB with placebo and any other nonimmunosuppressive agents except RAAS agents for treating IgAN. The quality of the studies was evaluated with the performance of explicit eligibility criteria and the revised Jadad scale. Meta‐analyses were completed on the outcomes of proteinuria, serum creatinine (SCr), blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with IgAN.

Results

Five RCTs involving 295 patients were included in this review. ACEI/ARB agents had statistically significant effects on reduction proteinuria (standardized mean differences [SMD], −0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.64 to −0.27;
P < 0.00001; heterogeneity
I
2 = 35%;
P = 0.20) and blood pressure, but no significant difference was found on SCr (SMD, −3.51; 95% CI, −16.55 to 9.54;
P = 0.60; heterogeneity
I
2 = 0%;
P = 0.74) and GFR (SMD, 2.59; 95% CI, −7.14 to 12.33;
P = 0.60; heterogeneity
I
2 = 57%;
P = 0.10).

Conclusion

ACEI/ARB agents had statistically significant effects on reducing proteinuria. As proteinuria is a major pathology of IgAN, which was significantly improved by ACEI/ARB, we proposed that ACEI/ARB agents were a promising therapy. Because the studies under review did not perform blind method, used a variety of doses and types of ACEI/ARB agents and lacked follow‐up to evaluate the long‐term effect of the agents on IgAN patients.