bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A visszutas logisztika: Egy fogalmi keret
Authors: Kohut Zsófia , Nagy Adrienn , Dobos Imre
Published: August 2021

A dolgozat a visszutas logisztika (reverse logistics) fogalmi fejlődését mutatja be. A visszutas logisztika elnevezés a magyar irodalomban eddig a hulladékkezelési, az inverz vagy reverz logisztikaként használt fogalmakat fedi. A visszutas logisztika annyiban tekinthető a legátfogóbb fogalomnak, hogy nem csak a fogyasztási és termelési folyamatból kivont használt termékek kezelését tartalmazza, hanem azoknak a fogyasztási és termelési folyamatba történő utólagos bevonását. Ezen a ponton a vállalati gazdálkodás igényei a környezetvédelemmel hozhatók közös nevezőre.
Progression From Antral G-Cell Hyperplasia to Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor in a Patient With Autoimmune Gastritis
Authors: Brown Patrick , Tetali Bhavana , Suresh Suraj , Varma Adarsh
Published: August 2021

Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis is caused by immune-mediated destruction of gastric parietal cells. This leads to the absence of gastric acid production, which causes compensatory hyperplasia of gastric antral G-cells leading to hypergastrinemia. The excess gastrin binds to enterochromaffin-like cells causing hyperplasia, which may progress to dysplasia and rarely to gastric neuroendocrine tumors. We present a rare case of autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis associated with G-cell hyperplasia showing the full developmental spectrum of enterochromaffin-like cell proliferation from hyperplasia to dysplasia to neuroendocrine tumor.
The Number of Interstitial Cells of Cajal Differs Among Different Subtypes of Achalasia and is Related to Patients' Prognosis
Authors: Chen Songfeng , Zhang Mengyu , Liang Mengya , Tan Niandi , Cui Yi , Wang Jinhui , Xin Xiangbin , Ye Ziyin , Zhuang Qianjun , Xiao Yinglian
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder with heterogeneous manometric subtypes and prognosis, characterized by degeneration of the esophageal myenteric plexus, and reduction in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). This study aimed to explore the histopathologic characteristics of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) muscle from patients with achalasia with different subtypes and different prognosis.

METHODS:

We examined specimens of LES muscle from 122 patients with achalasia who underwent peroral endoscopic myotomy and from 10 control patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was performed to assess inflammation infiltration, fibrosis, and atrophy. Specific immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify ICCs and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS).

RESULTS:

The number of ICCs in patients with type I achalasia was significantly lower than that in patients with type II achalasia, followed by that in control patients (type I vs type II vs control group= 0.4 vs 1.2 vs 9.5; P < 0.001). The number of nNOS-positive cells was significantly lower in patients with achalasia than that in control patients (type I vs type II vs control group = 0.0 vs 0.0 vs 8.0; P < 0.001). Nonrecurrent group had significantly more ICCs than recurrent group (type I: nonrecurrent vs recurrent = 1.0 vs 0.1; P = 0.010; type II: nonrecurrent vs recurrent = 2.0 vs 0.4; P = 0.004).

DISCUSSION:

ICCs and nNOS-positive cells reduced significantly in LES muscle of patients with achalasia. The number of ICCs differed among different achalasia subtypes and was related to patients' clinical prognosis.
Constructing questions for the social professions of today: the case of social pedagogy
Authors: Úcar Xavier
Published: August 2021

The complex societies we now inhabit oblige us to question, reformulate or even rupture the traditional socio-political frameworks in which social pedagogy and the social professions have been developed and in which the theories that explain and justify them have been constructed. These frameworks have institutionalised concepts, practices and methodologies that often no longer fit within the complexity of today’s constantly changing realities. The aim of this article is to propose and analyse some key foundations for understanding the social professions and the actions they carry out. It concerns itself with generating questions that link social pedagogy and the social professions with the complexity of today’s social life. The questions address the current content of what we refer to as ‘the social’ and its relationship with other dimensions such as politics, culture and the environment. Among other issues, the article addresses how the social professions have developed within the political framework of the welfare state. Based on the answers to these questions, we argue in favour of updating the term ‘social’ with renewed connotations, and of defining the ‘good life’ as the reference point that must give it meaning.
‘True, Publick and Notorious’: The Privateering War of 1812
Authors: Kert Faye M.
Published: August 2021

During the War of 1812, hundreds of private armed vessels, or privateers, carrying letters of marque and reprisal from their respective governments, served as counterweights to the navies of Great Britain and the United States. By 1812, privateering was acknowledged as an ideal way to annoy the enemy at little or no cost to the government. Local citizens provided the ships, crews and prizes while the court and customs systems took in the appropriate fees. The entire process was legal, licensed and often extremely lucrative. Unlike the navy, privateers were essentially volunteer commerce raiders, determined to weaken the enemy economically rather than militarily. So successful were they, that from July 1812 to February 1815, privateers from the United States, Britain, and the British provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia (as well as those sailing under French and Spanish flags) turned the shipping lanes from Newfoundland to the West Indies, Norway to West Africa, and even the South Pacific into their hunting grounds. In the early months of the war, privateers were often the only seaborne force patrolling their own coasts. With the Royal Navy pre-occupied with defending Britain and its Caribbean colonies from French incursions, there were relatively few warships available to protect British North American shipping from their new American foes. Meanwhile, the United States Navy had only a handful of frigates and smaller warships to protect their trade, supported by 174 generally despised gunboats. The solution was the traditional response of a lesser maritime power lacking a strong navy—private armed warfare, or privateering.
Loyalty to the Regime: Prominent Men, Militia and French-Canadian Identity through the 1812 War
Authors: Thuot Jean-René
Published: August 2021

In the North American British colonies, the 1812 war led to a great mobilization of militia corps to protect the Empire’s possessions. For colonial authorities, such context represented an opportunity to measure local militia officers’ loyalty to the Crown, particularly those who resided in the French traditional countryside. What can we understand of the French-Canadian involvement in the War of 1812 as officers? What is the impact of their relation to the Crown on their capacity to hold on to positions in their respective communities? By bringing to life a few case studies, this paper wishes to examine the formation of the French-Canadian identity through the involvement of local elites in the militia. This study is based on an analysis of the correspondence of the principal officers of the battalions with the central authorities and prosopographical research of those same officers in the rural regions of Lower Canada. The analysis of the strategies, values and interests of the militia officers, will serve to enlighten the parameters of the collaboration between the local elite and the colonial elite.
PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA PARA MAPEAMENTO DE RISCO DE INUNDAÇÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE CURITIBA (PARANÁ)
Authors: De Lima Renato Eugenio , Miguez Luis Alberto Lopez , Acordes Fabiane Aline , Da Fonseca Murilo Noli
Published: August 2021

As inundações são um dos fenômenos naturais que geram impactos em um maior número de pessoas no mundo. Dentre as medidas necessárias para o enfrentamento deste processo perigoso, o mapeamento de áreas de risco possibilita identificar as áreas que podem ser atingidas e o potencial prejuízo no caso de sua ocorrência. É uma ação básica de custo relativamente moderado ou baixo e de alta eficácia. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor e aplicar uma nova metodologia para mapeamento de áreas de risco a inundações no município de Curitiba, capital do Estado do Paraná. A mensuração de risco compreende a análise da vulnerabilidade e do perigo, considerando aspectos do meio físico (geologia, declividade, histórico de inundações) e socioeconômico (equipamentos essenciais, potencial poluidor e vulnerabilidade social). Tais fatores foram processados a partir do software Vista S.A.G.A. 2007, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Determinaram-se, assim, os setores que possuem maior risco a inundações e que devem ser alvos de políticas públicas e medidas mitigadoras.
MAPEAMENTO DE ÁREAS LEGALMENTE PROTEGIDAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE TIBAU DO SUL/RN: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DAS LEGISLAÇÕES FEDERAL, ESTADUAL E MUNICIPAL
Authors: Pereira Vitor Hugo Campelo , Cestaro Luiz Antonio , Diniz Marco Túlio Mendonça
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo objetiva identificar e mapear os ambientes legalmente protegidos pela legislação ambiental nos âmbitos federal, estadual e municipal no município de Tibau do Sul/RN. A metodologia adotada baseia-se na análise da paisagem a partir da utilização de Sistemas de Informações Geográfica. Os resultados mostraram que cerca de 60% da área estudada é ocupada por ambiente legalmente protegidos: Mata Atlântica, dunas, manguezal, cursos d’água, entre outros. Apesar da importância ambiental e da proteção legal desses ambientes, os mesmos estão sendo ocupados e/ou sofrendo pressão em razão da ocupação do seu entorno.
RÉQUIEM PARA AS PEQUENAS LOCALIDADES? REFLEXÕES E PANORAMA DE MUNICÍPIOS DEMOGRAFICAMENTE PEQUENOS
Authors: Endlich Ângela Maria , Marques Américo José
Published: August 2021

A instituição do município existe desde a Antiguidade. Acompanhar o percurso dessa história permite perceber as oscilações quanto ao seu tratamento político ao longo do tempo, entre períodos de autonomia e de sua captura como mera engrenagem administrativa. No Brasil foram poucos os momentos em que os municípios alcançaram maior autonomia, sendo a Constituição Federal de 1988 o mais expressivo deles. Contudo, passadas três décadas as Emendas Constitucionais, regulamentações complementares e novas proposições de lei demonstram novamente uma retração política. Considera-se, nesse artigo, essa realidade articulada a dinâmicas regionais apreendidas em pequenas localidades no atual período, com perda de centralidade e declínio demográfico, que demandam a deliberação de políticas territoriais. No entanto, o que se observa é o contrário. O texto apresenta reflexões sobre a realidade das pequenas localidades, dos municípios enquanto instituições locais e dados que permitirão uma reflexão acerca da realidade deles, não perdendo de vista a sua dimensão social. Parte dos dados e resultados apresentados, tomando por referência mais específica o recorte territorial do Estado do Paraná, tem como objetivo desconstruir narrativas que levam ao tratamento depreciativo dessas pequenas localidades que tendem a ser cada vez mais marcadas por invisibilidades pela dinâmica política e econômica.
PROPENSÃO À MODIFICAÇÃO DE RIOS A PARTIR DA SENSITIVIDADE DE ESTILOS FLUVIAIS EM UMA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA NO SEMIÁRIDO DA PARAÍBA (BRASIL)
Authors: Rodrigues Jeferson Mauricio , Souza Jonas Otaviano Praça de , Xavier Rafael Albuquerque
Published: August 2021

O conceito de sensitividade se perdeu nos últimos anos entre os trabalhos que tratam sobre a temática de evolução e recuperação de ambientes fluviais semiáridos. Todavia, o conceito e metodologia de sensitividade permite identificar e compreender trechos fluviais que apresentam propensão à mudança. Pesquisas feitas no semiárido australiano pelos pesquisadores Brierley e Friys indicam que a metodologia de sensitividade permite avaliar a propensão à modificação de rios a partir da análise de geoindicadores e seus respectivos subgeoindicadores.  Foram analisados alguns geoindicadores que permitiram apontar as possíveis alterações no ambiente fluvial de cada estilo que foram: a morfologia do canal, planta do canal e as características de leito.  Foi possível identificar seis estilos fluviais, conforme suas características de vale, unidades geomórficas e textura. Os estilos confinados apresentaram baixa sensitividade por conta dos controles nas margens e leito rochosos. O EFNCRC foi o estilo que apresentou alta sensitividade, por conta da energia de fluxo moderada e leito e margens móveis. Por fim, foi feita uma análise estatística com base nos dados do índice de sinuosidade aplicado em cada estilo que propiciou maior entendimento acerca das diferentes alterações na forma em planta dos estilos fluviais analisados, buscando quantificar os ajustes fluviais.
El Programa Sectorial de Educación de México 2020: Un análisis de su causalidad y consistencia interna
Authors: Casillas Alvarado Miguel Angel , Malaga-Villegas Sergio Gerardo , Fuentes Navarro Fabio
Published: August 2021

El Programa Sectorial de Educación es un instrumento de política pública que traduce programáticamente las decisiones expresadas en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo sobre el sector educativo. Su contenido define los problemas públicos y las acciones de gobierno para resolverlos. La Secretaría de Educación Pública es la dependencia facultada por ley para su elaboración y ejecución en un periodo de seis años. En este artículo se expone el análisis realizado al Programa Sectorial de Educación 2020-2024 de México a partir de focalizar la causalidad (lógica causa-efecto) y consistencia interna (correspondencia lógica-secuencial) entre los elementos que lo integran. Los hallazgos dejan ver que el diagnóstico del Programa es impreciso, que los indicadores y parámetros no guardan correspondencia con la enunciación de los objetivos prioritarios y que una cantidad considerable de acciones puntuales adolecen de metas para el 2024, lo que dificulta medir la efectividad de la acción gubernamental, además favorece la opacidad en el uso de los recursos públicos y complejiza la rendición de cuentas ante la ciudadanía. El estudio se inscribe dentro de las investigaciones que abordan temas que analizan el diseño e implementación de políticas educativas.
A supervisão pedagógica na política e na prática educativa: O olhar da Avaliação Externa das Escolas em Portugal
Authors: Seabra Filipa , Mouraz Ana , Henriques Susana , Abelha Marta
Published: August 2021

A Avaliação Externa das Escolas (AEE) tem sido reconhecida, em Portugal, como um importante mecanismo de produção de mudanças nas escolas do ensino não superior, muito embora essas mudanças nem sempre pareçam atingir o cerne da ação educativa – a sala de aula. Atualmente no seu terceiro ciclo de implementação, a AEE privilegia o foco nos processos, concretamente nos processos de ensino. Tal justifica que prestemos um olhar atento à forma como processos orientados para a melhoria da prática letiva, como é o caso da supervisão pedagógica, são conceptualizados nos referenciais que orientam a AEE e nos relatórios que dela resultam. O estudo realizado baseou-se na análise documental dos referenciais dos 3 ciclos de AEE, dos relatórios do 3.º ciclo de AEE e, quando possível, e de forma complementar, de relatórios das mesmas escolas avaliadas em ciclos anteriores, numa lógica diacrónica. O corpus documental foi sujeito a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados salientam a presença de referências à supervisão desde o 1º ciclo de AEE, e uma tendência, sobretudo nos relatórios do 3.º ciclo, para valorizar uma supervisão pedagógica de matriz colaborativa, bem como para considerar que essa prática ainda não está completamente implementada nas escolas.
Economic Feasibility of Solar Irrigation Pumps: A Study of Northern Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Tawhidul , Hossain Md. Elias
Published: August 2021

Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. With a total population of around 165 million, the country has constantly been facing food security challenges and other problems. Therefore, increasing food production is one of the feasible solutions to this challenge, and proper agricultural land use for food production bears critical importance. Adopting sustainable irrigation systems and viable technologies would be vital for ensuring efficient use of agricultural land in Bangladesh to safeguard the country's food security. Solar irrigation pumps (SIPs) can be a reliable option in this regard. However, Bangladesh has experienced a prolonged growth rate of SIP installation in the last decade.  The countryhas set a target to install 10000 SIPs by the year 2027, albeit it is a tiny share of the 1.57 million conventional irrigation pumps operating in the country. This study aims to investigate the economic feasibility of the SIPs operating in the northern region of Bangladesh in terms of estimating financial feasibility and environmental benefits. The study is mainly based on primary data collected from the users of SIPs from two Upazilas of Dinajpur and Rangpur districts. A total of 14 SIPs, categorized into large, medium, and small pumps, are selected randomly from the available SIPs in the study areas. The financial analysis reveals that small SIPs are the most profitable option (20% IRR) for investment. Large SIPs are moderately profitable (10% IRR), and their profitability can be improved (10.50% IRR) by introducing additional uses of solar energy. However, medium SIPs are the worst (5% IRR) option for investment. In the study areas, large and medium SIPs are designed for the 'fees for service model', and small SIPs are designed for the 'fees for ownership model'. It is found that the 'fees for ownership model' is more profitable than the 'fees for service model'. Moreover, the net environmental benefit for all SIPs is found almost equal to the given subsidy for installing them. Also, the net environmental benefit per kilowatt peak (kWp) is highest for the small SIPs. This paper recommends that additional use (e.g., husking, grinding, supply excess electricity to grid, and so on) of solar energy can improve the profitability of investmenton SIPs. Further, the government should continue giving grants for installing SIPs and promote 'fees for ownership model' (small SIPs) for personal use. It would speed up the dissemination rate of SIPs and help increase the country's agricultural production and improve the environmental conditions.
Analisis Pengaruh Alokasi DAK Masing-Masing Bidang Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Pandeglang dan Kabupaten Lebak
Authors: Wahyuni Asti Yayuk , Juanda Bambang , Purnamadewi Yeti Lis
Published: August 2021

Fiscal decentralization is one of the government’s strategies to improve people’s welfare. The fiscal decentralization policy instrument that can directly affect the quality of local government spending is The Specific Allocation Fund (DAK). The DAK management in the financial aspect has a few problems, nonoptimal regional government performance and mismatched allocation and government needs. Proposal based The Specific Allocation Fund (DAK) hopefully could adjust the development priorities determined by regional conditions, government needs, and undeveloped villages with high-level poverty. Pandeglang and Lebak Regency are the region with the highest poverty level in Banten Province. This study aims to analyze the DAK effect of each sector on poverty in Pandeglang and Lebak Regency. The analysis used Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) with DAK data for each field in 2018 and poverty data in 2019. The result showed that DAK variables in education, health, and agriculture tended not to reduce poverty rates. The DAK variable in the housing and settlement sector, the marine and fisheries sector, the tourism sector, and the market sector tended to reduce poverty. At the same time, the DAK variable in Road, sanitation, and village funds tended to reduce poverty levels in most districts. Based on the study, the poverty alleviation program in each district is adjusted to each of the DAK sectors that are influential. However, the result indicated that the adjustment of DAK sectors influenced the poverty alleviation program in every district in Pandeglang and Lebak Regency.
Interaksi Antarwilayah dan Sebaran Covid-19 di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Muazir Syaiful , Lestari L , Alhamdani Muhammad Ridha , Nurhamsyah Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Covid-19 is a disease that attacks the respiratory tract that began to be identified in Wuhan, China. WHO then announced the condition as a pandemic that quickly spread throughout the world. The rapid spread of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) also occurred in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. In a spatial-temporal perspective, the spread of infectious diseases can be happened by the interconnectivity or interaction between areas, populations, and transportation facilities that facilitate community mobility. This research aims to describe the interactions between regions in West Kalimantan and the relation to the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used centrality measurement and cluster analysis, where the results of these calculations are then described in line with the distribution of the Covid-19 case in West Kalimantan. From the justification, areas with high centrality in the network configuration tend to have the most confirmed cases compared to other areas. The character of these areas tends to be the main entrance (air/port), the provincial capital, and the hub area in West Kalimantan, which is also included as the same cluster. Another interesting finding is that areas with low centrality, and included in the same cluster, have several people under surveillance which is quite large compared to the previous cluster. These areas tend to have a dense population and are directly related to the Provincial Capital and neighboring countries (border).
Transformasi Lanskap dan Layanan Ekosistem Budaya di Area Peri-Urban: Wisata Alam dan Permukiman di Bandung Selatan
Authors: Rani Medria Shekar
Published: August 2021

Peri-urban provides complementary urban ecosystem services when green areas in cities are decreasing due to densification. However, land cover change in the area from natural landscapes to agriculture and settlements affects the ecosystem's capacity to provide services. This study aims to identify landscape transformation using a model and analyze its effects on cultural ecosystem services at Kawah Putih (White Crater) nature-based tourism destination area in the peri-urban in South Bandung, Indonesia. This study also analyzes how cultural ecosystem services and the increasing demand for new settlements in the area have influenced tourist visitation. Landscape change in the area (1989-2019) was identified from mapsdeveloped from Landsat imagery, using the Land Change Modeler (LCM) module in Terrset. A spatial assessment of offered cultural ecosystem services was then conducted using three indicators based on the land cover change near Kawah Putih. It is found that the composition of developed areas in the district has increased from 6.09% to 10.79% in 30 years. The quality of cultural ecosystem service has decreased, which is arguably influenced by the landscape alteration in the area. However, there was an increasing trend in the number of tourists (2016-2019) despite the deterioration of landscape quality. It is argued that the result is influenced by the visitors' perception of the landscape in the case study area. The rapid land cover change in the area was affected by the nearby city's growth, in which the tourism industry is one of the elements of such transformation.
Abelian Complex Structures and Generalizations
Authors: Poon Yat Sun
Published: August 2021

After a review on the development of deformation theory of abelian complex structures from both the classical and generalized sense, we propose the concept of semi-abelian generalized complex structure. We present some observations on such structure and illustrate this new concept with a variety of examples.
Sub-terahertz (THz) antenna for Internet of Things and 6G Communication
Authors: Vettikalladi Hamsakutty , Sethi Waleed Tariq , Ko Wonsuk
Published: August 2021

Sub-terahertz (THz) technology is expected to deliver exceptional data rates for future sixth generation wireless communication systems especially for intelligent communication among devices falling under the Internet of Things (IoT) category. Moving from current 5G millimeter wave (mmW) technology towards THz spectrum will eventually provide unprecedented solutions that will guarantee higher transmission rates and channel capacity for any wireless communication system. With various electronic and wireless components working together to fulfill this promise, high gain antennas having compact profile is one such technology that will aid in achieving sub-THz communication while offering low path and power losses with reliable and fast data transfers. In this context, this work proposes a novel deformed patch antenna operating in the sub-THz spectrum i.e. at 300 GHz band. The proposed antenna is fed via a microstrip line following the proximity coupled feeding technique. Utilizing this technique provides a wide impedance bandwidth with a broadside radiation pattern having minimum side lobe levels of around −12 dB and a directivity of 10–15 dBi for the single and array elements respectively. The proposed design has a small footprint of 1.5 × 1.5 × 0.06 mm3for the single element while the array element has dimensions of 6 × 5 × 0.06 mm3. Both the designs have been simulated in Computer Simulation Technology-Microwave Studio (CST-MWS) and the results verified via high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulator. The results confirm the viability of the proposed designs to be potential candidates for future sixth generation and IoT based applications.
A typology of consonant-inventory gaps
Authors: Nikolaev Dmitry
Published: August 2021

This article provides a new precise algorithmic definition of the notion “phonological-inventory gap”. On the basis of this definition, I propose a method for identifying gaps, provide descriptive data on several types of consonant-inventory gaps in the world’s languages, and investigate the relationships between gaps and inventory size, processes of sound change, and phonological segment borrowing.
Optical spin–orbit coupling in the presence of magnetization: photonic skyrmion interaction with magnetic domains
Authors: Lei Xinrui , Du Luping , Yuan Xiaocong , Zayats Anatoly V.
Published: August 2021

Polarization and related spin properties are important characteristics of electromagnetic waves and their manipulation is crucial in almost all photonic applications. Magnetic materials are often used for controlling light polarization through the magneto-optical Kerr or Faraday effects. Recently, complex topological structures of the optical spin have been demonstrated in the evanescent light field, which in the presence of the spin–orbit coupling may form photonic skyrmions. Here, we investigate the optical spin–orbit coupling in the presence of magnetization and the interaction between photonic skyrmions and magnetic domains. We demonstrate that the magnetization is responsible for the modulation of the optical spin distribution, resulting in twisted Neel-type skyrmions. This effect can be used for the visualization of magnetic domain structure with both in plane and polar orientation of magnetization, and in turn for creation of complex optical spin distributions using magnetization patterns. The demonstrated interplay between photonic skyrmions and magneto-optical effects may also provide novel opportunities for investigation and manipulation of magnetic skyrmions using optical spin–orbit coupling.
Carboxylated bleached kraft pulp from maleic anhydride copolymers
Authors: Zhang Hongfeng , Tsenter Ester , Bicho Paul , Doherty Erin A. S. , Riehle Richard , Moran-Mirabal Jose , Pelton Robert H.
Published: August 2021

Seven copolymers of maleic anhydride were hydrolyzed and impregnated into sheets of bleached softwood kraft pulps to enhance market pulp properties. Drying the impregnated pulps at 120 °C for 10 minutes, attached to the fiber surfaces up 0.16 meq of carboxyl groups per gram of dry pulp. Heating the impregnated pulps regenerates succinic anhydride moieties which can then form stable ester linkages with cellulosic hydroxyls. The pH of the impregnation solution is important. Impregnation with solutions at pH 8 gave polymer contents without repulping issues. By contrast, impregnation at pH 4 gave dried pulp sheets that were too strong to enable repulping in a paper mill. Although most of the seven copolymers were fixed to cellulose, poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) gave the highest density of carboxyl groups. The simplicity of waterborne polymers and mild drying temperatures suggests maleic anhydride copolymer treatment could be implemented in a conventional market pulp mill.
Evaluation of BD Vacutainer Eclipse and BD Vacutainer Ultra-Touch butterfly blood collecting sets in laboratory testing
Authors: Kader Saadet , Kirmit Adnan , Akdağ Turan , Tekindal Mustafa Agah
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Choosing the right device for blood collection is an issue that is frequently encountered in laboratory medicine. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of the samples collected in terms of hemolysis index, pain intensity and tube filling rates of the samples drawn with BD Vacutainer® EclipseNeedle and BD Vacutainer Ultra-Touch™ Butterfly Blood Collection Set, which is currently used in laboratories.

Methods

Blood samples were drawn from the 44 apparently healthy adult individuals from different arm sites by routine phlebotomy into Citrate, SST and EDTA tubes in Karapınar State Hospital. K, P, AST, LDH tests and hemolysis index were analyzed by Mindray BS-800 chemistry analyzer. Complete blood count (CBC) was determined by Mindray BC 6000.

Results

There was no significant difference in K, P, AST, LDH and CBC values between the devices for hemolysis (p>0.05). No significant difference was found out with respect to visual hemolysis and hemolysis index, tube filling speed and pain intensity between the devices.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that two sets may used for venipuncture blood collection without creating additional hemolysis risk.
Cytokine storm syndrome in SARS-CoV-2: a review
Authors: Wahid Braira , Rani Noshaba , Idrees Muhammad
Published: August 2021

After wreaking havoc on a global level with a total of 5,488,825 confirmed cases and 349,095 deaths as of May 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is truly living up to the expectations of a 21st-century pandemic. Since the major cause of mortality is a respiratory failure from acute respiratory distress syndrome, the only present-day management option is supportive as the transmission relies solely on human-to-human contact. Patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should be tested for hyper inflammation to screen those for whom immunosuppression can increases chances of survival. As more and more clinical data surfaces, it suggests patients with mild or severe cytokine storms are at greater risk of failing fatally and hence these cytokine storms should be targets for treatment in salvaging COVID-19 patients.
#maradjotthon: Koronás élet. A megváltozott élet a COVID-19 járvány ideje alatt. Nagyszámú mélyinterjús kutatás eredményei
Authors: Jakopánecz Eszter
Published: August 2021

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA

A COVID-19 járvány 2020. tavaszán világméretű pandémiává nőtte ki magát, gyorsuló ütemben növekedett a megbetegedések és a halálozások száma. Ellenszer hiányában a szakértők a távolságtartásban, a másokkal való érintkezés jelentős csökkentésében, a rendszeres higiénés gyakorlatban (kézmosás és fertőtlenítőszerek használata) és a maszk használatában jelölték ki a védekezés leghatékonyabb módjait. Az egyes nemzetgazdaságok emellett a mobilitás csökkentésének előírásával, kijárási korlátozásokkal, egyes esetekben kijárási tilalommal reagáltak. Hazánkban veszélyhelyzetet és kijárási korlátozást rendeltek el, ami 98 napon keresztül volt érvényben. A hétköznapi élet hetekre, hónapokra megváltozott. Az új helyzet nemcsak a vásárlási szokásokra, hanem a mindennapok ütemére, az emberek közérzetére, hangulatára is jelentős hatással volt. Jelen tanulmány azt célozza, hogy képet adjon a veszélyhelyzet hétköznapi életre gyakorolt hatásairól.

ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN

A hétköznapi élet megváltozásait nagyszámú mélyinterjúk lefolytatásával vizsgáltuk, összesen 285 fő részvételével. A megkérdezés 2020. április végétől május közepéig tartott, több témakörben. Az elemzést tartalomelemzés módszerével végeztük az ATLAS.ti szoftver segítségével. E tanulmány fókuszába annak a kérdésnek a megválaszolása áll, hogyan zajlott a megkérdezettek egy átlagos hétköznapja a korlátozások idején, és milyen változásokat tapasztalnak az új helyzetben.

LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK

Az eredmények szerint megélt változásokat karakteresen befolyásolja az egyén élethelyzete és munkával kapcsolatos státusza. A változások nagy része ugyanis munkával kapcsolatos, amit a sorban a házimunka és a szabadidő eltöltése követ. Az új mintázatok jobb megértése érdekében öt megkérdezetti típus különíthetünk el: a tanulmányaikat végző fiatalokat, a munkahelyükre bejáró dolgozókat, a home office-ban dolgozókat, az aktív korú nem dolgozókat és az inaktív időseket.

GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK

A koronavírus okozta válság és a veszélyhelyzet időszakának megértéséhez jelentős hozzájárulással bír e nagyszámú mintán alapuló mélyinterjús kutatás: betekintést ad és segíti megérteni a hétköznapi élet megváltozott dinamikáját és a válság hatására megváltozó fogyasztói magatartást. Tekintettel arra, hogy számos piac érintett a válságban, a gyakorlati szakemberek részéről is jelentős érdeklődés várható az eredmények iránt.

 

Köszönetnyilvánítás: Jelen kutatás a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Közgazdaságtudományi Kar Marketing és Turizmus Intézet „Fogyasztásváltozás kutatás” kutatási projekt keretében készült Dr. Törőcsik Mária vezetésével. A tanulmány az Egyesület A Marketing Oktatásért és Kutatásért XXVI. Országos Konferencián „A konferencia legjobb tanulmánya” díjat nyerte el.
Elvárásmenedzsment a szálláshely szolgáltatásoknál: Mi alakítja a vendég-elvárásokat?
Authors: Kökény László , Kenesei Zsófia
Published: August 2021

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA

Kutatásunkban a kritikus esetek módszerével készült vevői interjúk alapján arra kerestük a választ, hogy a különféle szállástípusok esetén milyen vevői elvárások vannak, azok honnan erednek, és milyen módon befolyásolják a végső vevői elégedettséget, illetve elégedetlenséget.

ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN

A hipotézisvizsgálat során, melyet Kruskal-Wallis teszttel végeztünk azt láttuk, hogy inkább a szálláshely paraméterei (típusa, helyszíne, szálloda kategóriája) esetén vannak szignifikáns eltérések, mintsem a demográfiai (kor, nem) jellemzők mentén. Az elvárásokat alakító és alkotó indikátorok során jellemzően a személyzethez köthető elemekben voltak szignifikáns eltérések, míg az elégedettség, elégedetlenség esetén a visszatérési szándék dimenziójában.

LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK

Az eredményekből az is kiderült, hogy bár erősen korrelál az elégedettség a visszatérési szándék változójával pozitív irányba, de az elégedetlenség paraméterei esetén szinte minden esetben szignifikáns eltéréseket kaptunk, azaz ez utóbbi változó fontosabb lehet a visszatérési szándék kialakulásának elemzése során. Az elvárások esetén inkább a szálloda fizikai elemei, környezete kerül elsődlegesen említésre, addig az elégedettség és elégedetlenség tényezői esetén már inkább a személyzethez köthető (kiszolgálás minősége, kommunikáció, attitűd) szempontok voltak fontosak.

GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK

A 111 szállásvendég megkérdezése lehetőséget adott mind kvalitatív, mind kvantitatív elemzés elvégezésére, így – bár nem reprezentatív – de relatív nagy mintán vizsgáltuk a kérdéseket. A tanulmány végén a kutatás korlátai és jövőbeli lehetőségei kerültek megjelenítésre.

 

Köszönetnyilvánítás: A kutatás az Innovációs és Technológiai Minisztérium ÚNKP-19-3-I-BCE-104. kódszámú Új Nemzeti Kiválóság Programjának szakmai támogatásával készült.
Tervező diákok, oktatás, designkommunikáció és egy akciókutatás fenntartható eredménye
Authors: Horváth Daniella Dominika , Horváth Dóra
Published: August 2021

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA

A fenntarthatóság egyre fontosabbá váló kulcsfogalom az alapfokú oktatásban. Az általános iskolás diákok az iskola mellett a szülők és a média irányából is kapcsolatba kerülnek a fenntarthatóság és a tudatosság fogalmával. Tanulmányunkban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy miért épp a fenntarthatóság, mint meghatározó téma jelenik meg a legnagyobb arányban egy általunk létrehozott a megszokott iskolai feladatmegoldó keretektől eltérő innovatív szituációban. Arra keressük a választ, hogy ezt a pozitív eredményt a designkommunikáció módszertanának alkalmazása mellett hogyan lehet elmélyíteni és attitűd szinten hatást gyakorolni, a gondolatokat cselekvéssé formálni az oktatási kereteken belül. Távolabbi célként megjelenik a fenntarthatóság tudatos integrálása az oktatásba a designkommunikáció módszertanának fókuszba helyezésén keresztül.

ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN

A tanulmányban a kvalitatív kutatási megközelítést mutatjuk be. Akciókutatásunk során egy saját fejlesztésű workshop sorozat eredményét ismertetjük, mely megvalósult minden magyarországi megyében, hatodik osztályos tanulók és osztályfőnökeik bevonásával. Az akciótanulás részeként a diákok tervezői, valós problémára építő módszertan segítségével vállalkoztak otthonuk jobbá tételére, az eredmény megszületéséhez az egész osztály együtt gondolkodására volt szükség. Támpontok, iránymutatás, elvárt eredmény, kész megoldási modulok biztosítása nélkül oldották meg a feladatokat Támpontok, iránymutatás, elvárt eredmény, a jó konkrét determinálása hiányában kellett létrehozni a megoldást.

LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK

A kutatás eredménye során megfigyelhető volt, hogy majdnem minden osztály az otthon fogalmát a környezettel azonosította, és az otthon jobbá tételét szinte kivétel nélkül abban látták, hogy a környezetükkel szemben tudatos viselkedést tanúsítanak, illetve erre másokat is buzdítanak.

A tanulmány fő célkitűzése, hogy egy kreatív, innovatív, tervezői szemléletmódra építő oktatásmódszertani eszköz valós alkalmazásának egy kiemelt részeredményét bemutassa.  Ismertetjük a cikkben a 21 workshop során megalkotott projekteket, melyek a fenntarthatóságot állították a középpontba, továbbá feltárjuk az összefüggéseket a kutatás és a szakirodalom ide vonatkozó eredményei között a fenntartható fejlődés pedagógiájának dimenziójából.

GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK

Tanulmányunkkal szeretnénk rávilágítani, hogy a pedagógusok nyitottsága és egy kreatív módszertan együttes alkalmazása a zárt iskolai keretrendszerben, egy tudatosan felépített kreatív-tervezői oktatásmódszertani eszköz alkalmazásán keresztül, egy teljesen újszerű és a fenntartható fejlődés pedagógiájában kifejezetten hatékonyan alkalmazható lehetőséget kínál az oktatás és nevelés szereplői, legfontosabb érintettjei számára. A megoldás nem igényli semmilyen új eszköz, berendezés beszerzését.
Underwater Malta: the virtual museum
Authors: Blue Lucy
Published: August 2021

This brief review assesses a dynamic virtual exhibition that has been curated by the University of Malta and Heritage Malta, with the support of the Malta Tourist Authority and the backing of the Ministry of Tourism and Consumer Protection, Malta. The exhibition, Underwater Malta (https://underwatermalta.org/map/), aims, through a virtual platform, to explore 17 wrecks ranging in date from a 2700-year-old Phoenician shipwreck found off Gozo to a submarine and numerous ships that sank in the Second World War, and a Victorian gun (cannon) site. The most numerous wreck type is aircraft, with nine that were active in the Second World War (Figure 1). While the wrecks are unified by their underwater resting place, the material, their chronologies and the depths at which they are located on the seabed vary considerably, the deepest being the Phoenician shipwreck that lies beneath 110m of water.
Impaired Refinement of Kinematic Variability in Huntington Disease Mice on an Automated Home Cage Forelimb Motor Task
Authors: Woodard Cameron L. , Sepers Marja D. , Raymond Lynn A.
Published: August 2021

The effective development of novel therapies in mouse models of neurologic disorders relies on behavioral assessments that provide accurate read-outs of neuronal dysfunction and/or degeneration. We designed an automated behavioral testing system (PiPaw), which integrates an operant lever-pulling task directly into the mouse home cage. This task is accessible to group-housed mice 24 h per day, enabling high-throughput longitudinal analysis of forelimb motor learning. Moreover, this design eliminates the need for exposure to novel environments and minimizes experimenter interaction, significantly reducing two of the largest stressors associated with animal behavior. Male mice improved their performance of this task over 1 week of testing by reducing intertrial variability of reward-related kinematic parameters (pull amplitude or peak velocity). In addition, mice displayed short-term improvements in reward rate, and a concomitant decrease in movement variability, over the course of brief bouts of task engagement. We used this system to assess motor learning in mouse models of the inherited neurodegenerative disorder, Huntington disease (HD). Despite having no baseline differences in task performance, maleQ175-FDNHD mice were unable to modulate the variability of their movements to increase reward on either short or long timescales. Task training was associated with a decrease in the amplitude of spontaneous excitatory activity recorded from striatal medium spiny neurons in the hemisphere contralateral to the trained forelimb in WT mice; however, no such changes were observed inQ175-FDNmice. This behavioral screening platform should prove useful for preclinical drug trials toward improved treatments in HD and other neurologic disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn order to develop effective therapies for neurologic disorders, such as Huntington disease (HD), it is important to be able to accurately and reliably assess the behavior of mouse models of these conditions. Moreover, these behavioral assessments should provide an accurate readout of underlying neuronal dysfunction and/or degeneration. In this paper, we used an automated behavioral testing system to assess motor learning in mice within their home cage. Using this system, we were able to study motor abnormalities in HD mice with an unprecedented level of detail, and identified a specific behavioral deficit associated with an underlying impairment in striatal neuronal plasticity. These results validate the usefulness of this system for assessing behavior in mouse models of HD and other neurologic disorders.
Motor Cortex Causally Contributes to Vocabulary Translation following Sensorimotor-Enriched Training
Authors: Mathias Brian , Waibel Andrea , Hartwigsen Gesa , Sureth Leona , Macedonia Manuela , Mayer Katja M. , von Kriegstein Katharina
Published: August 2021

The role of the motor cortex in perceptual and cognitive functions is highly controversial. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that the motor cortex can be instrumental for translating foreign language vocabulary. Human participants of both sexes were trained on foreign language (L2) words and their native language translations over 4 consecutive days. L2 words were accompanied by complementary gestures (sensorimotor enrichment) or pictures (sensory enrichment). Following training, participants translated the auditorily presented L2 words that they had learned. During translation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied bilaterally to a site within the primary motor cortex (Brodmann area 4) located in the vicinity of the arm functional compartment. Responses within the stimulated motor region have previously been found to correlate with behavioral benefits of sensorimotor-enriched L2 vocabulary learning. Compared to sham stimulation, effective perturbation by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation slowed down the translation of sensorimotor-enriched L2 words, but not sensory-enriched L2 words. This finding suggests that sensorimotor-enriched training induced changes in L2 representations within the motor cortex, which in turn facilitated the translation of L2 words. The motor cortex may play a causal role in precipitating sensorimotor-based learning benefits, and may directly aid in remembering the native language translations of foreign language words following sensorimotor-enriched training. These findings support multisensory theories of learning while challenging reactivation-based theories.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite the potential for sensorimotor enrichment to serve as a powerful tool for learning in many domains, its underlying brain mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation and a foreign language (L2) learning paradigm, we found that sensorimotor-enriched training can induce changes in L2 representations within the motor cortex, which in turn causally facilitate the translation of L2 words. The translation of recently acquired L2 words may therefore rely not only on auditory information stored in memory or on modality-independent L2 representations, but also on the sensorimotor context in which the words have been experienced.
Perfectionistic Cognitions as Antecedents of Work Engagement: Personal Resources, Personal Demands, or Both?
Authors: Schmitt Marcel C. , Prestele Elisabeth , Reis Dorota
Published: August 2021

Whereas personal resources have been established as a counterpart to external job resources in the Job Demands–Resources Theory, personal demands as a counterpart to job demands have been rather neglected. In this study, we propose that multidimensional perfectionism—in the form of daily perfectionistic cognitions—is a relevant personal characteristic for predicting daily work engagement in addition to and in its interplay with daily time pressure as a common job demand. 157 employees participated in a daily diary study for 15 workdays. As hypothesized, multilevel regression analyses yielded a positive unique effect of perfectionistic strivings cognitions and a negative unique effect of perfectionistic concerns cognitions on daily work engagement. Furthermore, we found that both unique perfectionistic strivings cognitions and perfectionistic concerns cognitions moderated a quadratic relationship between daily time pressure and daily work engagement. Building on the Job Demands–Resources Theory, we propose that the dimension of perfectionistic strivings constitutes a personal resource and the dimension of perfectionistic concerns constitutes a personal demand in the prediction of work engagement.