bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Changes in the Lung during Covid-19 Infection and Its Effect on Mortality Rate and Prognosis
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, MS Kasem , AAF El-Khsosy ,   Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, WS Sherif ,   Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, NZ Rashad ,   Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, NH Abdelazeem ,   Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, ME Teima ,   Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, WK Sharaf ,   Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, AW Shehata ,   Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, AM Domouky ,   Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 or SARS-Cov-19 has emerged in late 2019 as one of the highly pathogenic transmissible viruses ever known, comprising many features regarding its transmission and manifestations similar to those of its older siblings, SARS and MERS. COVID-19 has caused a pandemic that forced most of the world into isolation after threatening the lives of millions. In this article we shed more light on the structural changes that happens to the lung in the context of Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 infection based on gross examinations and CT scans, moreover, to correlate these changes to mortality rate hoping to identify the prognostic factors by which prognosis of the disease and mortality rate could be expected, higher involvement with higher severity degree in a short span of time indicates poor prognosis and high mortality chance, reviewing the literature data and records showed that the lungs undergo many changes on both macroscopic and microscopic levels (e.g. ground-glass opacity) which relates to the pathogenesis of the disease and manifestations; Most commonly pneumonia in the form of exudation of the lung with hyaline membrane formation rendering most of the lung non-functional causing hypoxemia and anosmia, all these findings that affect the lungs’ functions and lowers blood-oxygen saturation levels play a huge role in defining prognosis of the disease.
Fibroadenoma Developing Ductal Carcinoma in situ Component, Associated with Separate Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Lesion: A Rare Case Report
Authors:   Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India, KK Verma , RN Satarkar ,   Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India, R Ramchandani ,   Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
Published: February 2022

Among the fibroepithelial lesions of the breast, fibroadenoma is the most common entity. It is generally present as a mobile lump. Malignancy inside fibroadenoma is very rare, only 0.002% to 0.125% cases are reported which were turned to be malignant. In the present case, a 41-year-old female patient had a history of lumps for 4 years and was previously diagnosed with fibroadenoma. After 4 years of follow-up, it turned to be malignant with a separate tumor nodule outside the fibroepithelial lesion and ductal carcinoma in situ component within it. The unicity of the case is that fibroepithelial lesion shows features of fibroadenoma and phyllodes as well as ductal carcinoma in situ. Most of the axillary lymph nodes also show deposition of tumor cells within it.
Overexpression of P2X3 Receptors is Associated with the Painful Dental Pulp Tissue of Human Primary Teeth
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China, LM Jin , Q Zhong ,   2 Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China, BZ Jiang ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China, X Yang ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China, C Xu ,   2 Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China, YM Zhao ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
Published: February 2022

ATP-gated P2X3 receptors play a crucial role in neurogenic inflammation and neuronal sensitization, which might is associated with pain. Our study was to investigate whether P2X3 receptors are involved in tooth pain. Dental pulp tissues were obtained from normal (n=14) and painful (n=16) pulps in permanent teeth as well as normal (n=10) and painful (n=14) pulps in primary teeth. Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression level of P2X3 receptors in dental pulp tissues. The results showed that P2X3 receptors were upregulated significantly in painful pulp when compared with normal pulp in primary teeth (P<0.05). However, there was no difference of the expression of P2X3 receptors between normal and painful permanent tooth pulp (P>0.05). Interestingly, we found that the intraneural expression of P2X3 receptors of primary tooth pulp was significantly higher than that of permanent tooth pulp (P<0.05). Our study shows for the first time that the P2X3 receptors may be related to primary dental pain, but not to permanent dental pain
Medical and Interventional Treatment of Refractory Angina
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Columbian Hospital, 330 E Columbia St, New Westminster, Canada, K Valchanov , Z Tan ,   Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Columbian Hospital, 330 E Columbia St, New Westminster, Canada, A Valchanova ,   Student at University College London, London, UK
Published: February 2022

Refractory Angina Pectoris is a chronic pain condition relating to myocardial ischaemia in the presence of coronary artery disease despite optimal medical therapy. It affects a cohort of patients with a subset of the coronary perfusion deficiencies. While there is no cure for these patients, an array of medical and interventional treatment is available in 2021. In this article we discuss the options available with an explanation of the mechanisms of action and evidence for their use.
Barriers and Facilitators to Uptake and Attendance of Secondary Cardiac Prevention Programmes for Indigenous New Zealanders
Authors:   Massey University, New Zealand, A Kira
Published: February 2022

Aim: Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) has good success in improving health outcomes after a heart event. There is poor enrolment and attendance of CR programmes worldwide, particularly for indigenous peoples, such as New Zealand (NZ) Maori. The present study aimed to provide in-depth interview information about barriers and facilitators of both enrolment and attendance in CR, as well as identifying potential solutions. Methods: Thirty-two semi-structured interviews with Maori referred to CR who either: did not enroll; enrolled but did not complete; and completed the programme. Interview topics were based on meta-syntheses and NZspecific information as well as suggested improvements. The transcripts were inductively analysed. Results: Barriers specific to enrolment were inadequate timing or format communication about CR. Time of day or day of week of sessions, and ability to find transportation to attend were barriers to attending. Group format and cultural focus were perceived as barriers to some, but facilitators for others (enrolment and attendance). Participants suggested ways to improve CR communication (enrolment), flexibility regarding content and timing of CR, and, provision of transport (enrolment and attendance), and, increased cultural focus (enrolment and attendance). Conclusions: Providing a greater variety and flexibility in CR programme design could potentially improve enrolment and attendance for indigenous and for non-indigenous clients. Offering CR sessions after hours, in locations that are easily accessible, having different formats such as: groups, individual versus online, or, indigenous- or European dominant-focus may mean that CR appeals to a larger group of CR patients.
Design and Synthesis of a Zeolitic Organic Framework
Authors: Fang Qianrong , Liu Yaozu , Chen Pohua , Wang Yujie , Suo Jinquan , Ding Jiehua , Zhu Liangkui , Valtchev Valentin , Yan Yushan , Qiu Shilun , Sun Junliang
Published: March 2022

The development of three-dimensional (3D) architectures in COFs has been considered important owing to their prospective ad-vantages in high surface areas and plentiful active sites. Herein, we report the first example of a 3D COF with zeolitic network, namely the zeolitic organic framework (ZOF). By combining two kinds of tetrahedral building blocks with fixed or relatively free bond angles, ZOF-1 with the zeolitic crb net has been successfully synthesized. Its structure was determined by the single-crystal 3D electron dif-fraction technique. Remarkably, ZOF-1 shows high chemical stabil-ity, large pore size (up to 16 Å), and excellent specific surface area (~ 2785 m2/g), which is superior to its analogues with the same network, including traditional aluminosilicate zeolites and zeolitic imidazole frameworks. This study thus opens a new avenue to construct 3D COFs with zeolitic topologies and promotes the struc-tural diversity and practical applications of COF materials.
Product Competitiveness and Market Penetration in South Sulawesi: Mapping of Leading Export Commodities
Authors: Reviane Indraswati Tri Abdi , Paddu Abdul Hamid , Tajibu Muhammad Jibril
Published: February 2022

This study analyzes the competitiveness and market penetration of the leading export commodities of South Sulawesi. The Klassen typology and Export Product Dynamic method used to map the leading export commodities based on the competitiveness, market penetration power, and export dynamic of each commodity. This study focuses on measuring competitiveness and market penetration of each leading export commodity by using the "Revealed Comparative Advantage" and "Index of Export Market Penetration" indicators.This study also aims to analyze the determinants of competitiveness and market penetration of these leading export commodities, as well as their ability to encourage increased economic prosperity and create an effective and harmonious business environment in South Sulawesi.This study found that are Nickel, Lac, Fish, and Cocoa are leading export commodities of South Sulawesi which have very strong competitiveness and high market penetration. Meanwhile, the leading export commodities of South Sulawesi which have very strong competitiveness but moderate market penetration are Salt, then commodities have strong competitiveness and moderate market penetration are Coffee, Preparations of Meat and Fish, and Residues from food industries. Furthermore, Fruits; Oil Seeds; and Sugars are commodity that have strong competitiveness but low market penetration. There are six commodities in rising star position and five commodities in a loss opportunity position.
Public Sector Accounting and Organizational Performance: Study in Indonesian Health Care Industry
Authors: Elim Inggriani , Wangkar Aneke , Wangkar Aneke , Runtu Treesje , Runtu Treesje , Latjandu Lady Diana , Latjandu Lady Diana
Published: February 2022

The implementation of public sector accounting is a crucial factor in improving the performance of public sector organizations. One of the organizations that implement public sector accounting is the health care industry. Purpose of this study to analyze public sector accounting effect on organizational performance in the health care industry. This research is quantitative research conducted at a health institution in Manado City. Respondents who participated were 100 participants from regional hospitals and health centers in Manado City, Indonesia. Data analysis is assisted by path analysis. The research findings reveal the relationship of public sector accounting to the performance of public sector organizations and the relationship mediated by accounting information systems. Several limitations and suggestions were revealed in this study.
Can Bugis-Makassar Local Culture Reduce Compulsive Buying Behavior?
Authors: Karim Kasnaeny , Dani Ibrahim
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine whether the local wisdom of Bugis culture is able to minimize consumer behavior in purchasing products, considering the negative impact caused by excessive shopping behavior with the use of credit cards that exceed the limit of funds or without the use of credit cards. Research informants amounted to 100 people obtained through snowball sampling. Research data were collected through open and closed questionnaires and interviews, then the research instrument was tested through validity and reliability tests using triangulation and peer review methods. The research method uses a narrative qualitative approach to obtain an explanation of whether the local wisdom of Bugis culture, namely "Siri'", is able to prevent compulsive buying behavior (consumerism). The results of the analysis show that siri' is believed to be able to prevent someone from spending excessively, because (1) there is a sense of shame to Self and Family, (2) There is shame to God Almighty, because God does not like people to do excessive behavior, and (3) there is a sense of shame about social sanctions when unable to pay arrears due to excessive use of credit cards.The implications of the results of this study can be used as reference material in preventing compulsive buying behavior and consumerism
A REVIEW ON COMPARISON STUDY OF DIFFERENT CONVERTER WITH VARIOUS CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND VARIOUS MPPT TECHNIQUES
Authors:   PG- Scholar,Department of Power Electronics,University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering,Bangalore,Karnataka., Subhas Borkar Shubham , K P Guruswamy ,   Associate Professor, Department of Power Electronics, University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering,Bangalore,Karnataka.
Published: February 2022

There are various DC-DC converters used in Solar PV system for matching the impedance between the source and the load. This document describes the many types of converters used in photovoltaic solar systems, including their applications, advantages, and downsides. This article presents a study of the literature of the majority recent results in artificial intelligence algorithms for maximum power tracking control. MPPT algorithms are used to match the load resistance to the source input resistance to increase the power delivered from the PV system. This paper gives reviews of different control techniques for DC-DC Interleaved Boost Converter for power level conversion. Different control schemes, including linear and non-linear control. Moreover, various control techniques are compared in terms of Advantages and disadvantages of each.
Motivations for alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Fattah Abolfazl , Khalvati Maliheh , Abounoori Mahdi , Molavi Nader , Azartash Fatemeh , Babakhanian Masoudeh
Published: February 2022

Background: High alcohol consumption is an important public health problem, and understanding factors associated with such consumption is essential. Aims: This study aimed to assess individual and social factors associated with alcohol consumption during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: In this qualitative study, purposive sampling was used to select study participants by sharing the survey link on the Telegram application channels with an Iranian audience during COVID-19. The study was conducted from March to June 2020 and reached all Iranian provinces. We used qualitative content analysis to investigate specific concepts in the responses. Results: Of the 116 participants who responded to the survey, 34 (29.3%) were females, and 82 (70.7%) were male. The mean age of the participants was 34.8 years (standard deviation 9.9; range 17–71 years). Most of the participants (75.9%) reported having consumed alcohol, and 56.9% reported having self-medicated for an illness without a doctor’s prescription before the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common reason given for alcohol consumption was to relieve stress during home quarantining (32.3%). Based on analysis of the responses, two themes emerged: coping motivations and coping skills, with five subthemes and 14 basic codes. Coping motivations were more powerful than coping skills in relation to high alcohol consumption. Conclusion: Poor coping skills and strong motivations, combined with misinformation on social media and the internet, appear to have led to new or higher alcohol consumption among survey respondents.
Effect of low-cost interventions to reduce the incidence of violent events in two public sector tertiary-care emergency departments, Pakistan
Authors: Shaikh Shiraz , Shahzad Hamid , Khan Mirwais , Baig Lubna , Jamali Seemin , Hashmi Ibrahim , Hussain Athar , Qadri Uzma , Mazharullah Lubna , Zaib Samina
Published: February 2022

Background: Violence against health care workers has been widely reported in Pakistan. Aims: This study, from September 2019 to April 2020, aimed to determine the effect of low-cost interventions to reduce violent events in two tertiary-care emergency departments in Karachi and Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods. In phase one, a surveillance system was established in each department and information on violent events was recorded for three months. In phase two, low-cost interventions designed to reduce violent events were introduced, e.g. awareness-raising material on violence for patients, training for health care workers and visitor identification cards. Violent events were then recorded for another three months and the percentage difference in number of violent events was calculated. Results: In Karachi, 256 violent events occurred before the intervention and 225 after the intervention, a 12.1% reduction. Physical violence events decreased significantly by 42.9% (P = 0.044). The number of events perpetrated by health care workers decreased by 61.9% (P = 0.016) while those perpetrated by patients decreased only by 5.7% (P = 0.538). In Peshawar,90 violent events occurred before the intervention and 45 events after, a 50.0% reduction (P = 0.009). The number of events perpetrated by health care workers was the same in both phases. Events perpetrated by patients or their companions decreased significantly by 59.72% (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Violence against health care workers can be reduced significantly by improving their prevention and de-escalation skills. Client educational interventions, supplemented with hospital regulations and patient guidance, can also help reduce the incidence of violent events.
Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Lebanon: a phenomenological study
Authors: Nohra Rita Georges , Morvillers Jean-Manuel , Sacre Hala , Salameh Pascale , Rothan-Tondeur Monique
Published: February 2022

Background: Lebanon has the fastest growing older adult population in the Arab region but few social resources to address their needs. No studies have explored the experience of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Lebanon. Aims: Exploring the experiences of individuals living with COPD in Lebanon. Method: Using a descriptive phenomenological research design, qualitative individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with COPD patients living in Lebanon, between May 2019 and September 2019. Results: Fifty participants agreed to be interviewed. The majority were men (56%) and had moderate COPD (40%). Mean age was 71.5 (standard deviation 9.0) years. We found that COPD affects three dimensions of patients’ lives: educational, organizational and psychosocial. Conclusion: The results highlight the need for multidisciplinary strategies to address the needs of people with COPD in Lebanon, including their caregivers. Strategies include patient education and the development of new methods to facilitate and promote partnership between health care professionals, COPD patients and their caregivers.
Mapping of health innovations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Mediterranean and selected Arab Countries
Authors: Mandil Ahmed , Mabry Ruth , Milani Barbara , Nour Mohamed , Afifi Mohamed , Abdel-Ghani Karim
Published: February 2022

Background: COVID-19 is the first pandemic during which innovative technologies are being used to keep people connected, safe, and productive while being physically and socially apart. Aims: This study aimed to map health innovations in response to the pandemic in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Methods: Health innovations are defined as novel methods, models, processes, products, services, or a combination that produce notable public health impact in people, families, and communities at large. We used two approaches: an online survey using a specially designed data collection tool and a review of publicly available literature using PubMed, IMEMR, Google Scholar, Google, and INSERM search engines. Data collection was conducted between September 2020 and February 2021. Results: We describe 80 innovations in this region, of which 13 were identified through the online survey and 76 via literature review. For the purposes of this paper, we subclassified two-thirds of these innovations (n = 52; 65%) as “digital health innovations”, including telehealth and telemedicine, surveillance, and contact tracing. The rest were classified as “non-digital health innovations”, including prevention and clinical management. Conclusion: This mapping exercise provides baseline information on response to the pandemic by the public and private sectors, innovation hubs within and outside the region, as well as by entrepreneurs and innovators. In-depth studies measuring the impact of health innovations will likely only become available when the pandemic is under better control and experts are able to assess the replicability, sustainability and scalability of the health innovations introduced.
Use of indigenous language for clinical clerkship: a cross-sectional survey in Nigeria
Authors: Olajuyin Oyebanji , Olatunya Oladele , Olajide Toye , Olajuyin Ademola , Olajuyin Adebola , Ogunboyo Femi. , Oluwadiya Kehinde
Published: February 2022

Background: Doctors’ knowledge of the native language of their patients is important to effectively communicate with them. Aims: This paper aimed to explore the views and practices of medical students in Nigeria on the use of Yorùbá (an indigenous language) in their clinical clerkship. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of students in two medical colleges in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Results: The study included 312 medical students, 176 males and 136 females. Most students (70.8%) used Yorùbá in their clinical clerkship despite learning medicine in English. Only 16.0% of the students relied on interpreters. None of the students had had exposure to language training in the course of their medical education. Most of the students (73.7%) supported the incorporation of indigenous language training into the medical school curriculum, and agreed that teaching indigenous languages in medical school would enhance communication skills. Conclusions: Incorporation of indigenous language training into the medical school curriculum in Nigeria is recommended to help overcome language barriers in clinical practice.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI SIMBA (SISTEM INFORMASI MITIGASI BENCANA) SEBAGAI MEDIA PELAYANAN INFORMASI RAWAN BENCANA KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Samsu Nur
Published: February 2022

Pengembangan SiMBa bertujuan untuk membangun sistem pendukung mitigasi bencana berbasis Geographic Information System dengan platform opensource dalam pengolahan, pembuatan, dan penyebarluasan peta kebencanaan (peta risiko, bahaya, dan kerentanan) serta pencatatan kejadian bencana di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam pengembangan ini adalah Feature Driven Development (FDD) agar pengembangan dapat dilakukan dengan rentang waktu singkat dan sederhana. Implementasi SiMBa sebagai solusi efektif dan efisien dalam mitigasi bencana serta menjadi salah satu alat bantu dalam perumusan dan penetapan kebijakan penanggulangan bencana. Kesimpulan dari pengembangan SiMBa adalah penggunaan platform opensource QGIS dan Lizmap yang dikembangkan mampu sebagai salah satu platform dalam penerapan standar teknis pada pelayanan Informasi Rawan Bencana dalam Pemenuhan SPM Sub-Urusan Bencana Kabupaten Gunungkidul. SiMBa diharapkan mendukung penilaian Indeks Ketahanan Daerah (IKD) dan Indeks Risiko Bencana Indonesia (IRBI) yang secara khusus menyasar strategi pada prioritas 2, 3, 4, dan 6 dalam strategi peningkatan indeks kapasitas di Kabupaten Gunungkidul.
ANALYSIS OF CRITICAL LAND USING FOREST CANOPY DENSITY METHOD IN THE AGROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AREA OF LAMONGAN REGENCY
Authors: Irwansah Ade irwansah
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Critical land is a form of degraded land. The biophysical condition of the land that tends to decline causes a decrease in agricultural productivity, the environment, and food availability and is caused by the unwise use of natural resources. This research will be conducted in the southern part of Lamongan Regency which focuses on agropolitan rainfed rice fields which have experienced some decline in harvest yields in the last year. The research method is an analysis of the distribution of critical land using a Geographic Information System which is divided into main stages, namely: database development and data analysis, which begins with data collection, supporting maps, and literature study. The critical level of land in agropolitan areas in Lamongan Regency is divided into 5 categories, namely Not Critical, Potentially Critical, Slightly Critical, Critical and Very Critical but the very critical category turns out that there is no land that falls into that category so there are only 4 categories of critical land which shows that the land is classified as critical. non-critical area is 125.44 ha with a percentage of 0.24, Critical Potential area is 38736.37 ha with a percentage of 74.80%, somewhat critical category covers an area of 12827 with a percentage of 24.77%, and Critical Category covers an area of 100.28 ha with a percentage of 0 ,19%Keywords: Critical Land, Forest Canopy Density, AgropolitanAbstrak:
THE IMPACT OF JIIPE INTERNATIONAL PORT DEVELOPMENT ON THE SOCIAL ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE COMMUNITY IN MANYAREJO VILLAGE, GRESIK REGENCY, INDONESIA
Authors: YANUAR ADY FITRA , Kurniawati Aida , Murtini Sri , Rindawati Rindawati
Published: February 2022

Abstract: JIIPE International port construction in Manyarejo village, Manyar District is possible to have an impact on the residents' economy. Based on this, this study aims to determine the impact of development on the socio-economic conditions of the community. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The research population is pond farmers, pond farmer laborers in Manyarejo village. The number of samples is 50 respondents consisting of 25 respondents who own pond land and and 25 respondents are pond farmers workers. Data were taken through questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive analysis was carried out on data on age, education, number of family dependents, livelihood, income, expenditure and productivity of pond land. The results showed that 1) The social conditions of the Manyarejo village community, especially shrimp, milkfish, and salt farmers changed by 44% become small traders, entrepreneurs, fishermen and employees, and 64% remain as pond farmers. 2) Community income from the aquaculture sector has decreased by 13% because agricultural land has been acquired and crop productivity decreased by 61%. Monthly income increased by 38% due to new livelihoods.

Keywords: Port Development, Transfer of Land Functions, Social and Economic Conditions
ANALISIS TRANSFORMASI INDEKS NDVI, NDWI DAN SAVI UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI KERAPATAN VEGETASI MANGROVE MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SENTINEL DI PESISIR TIMUR PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Simarmata Nirmawana , Wikantika Ketut , Tarigan Trika Agnestasia , Aldyansyah Muhammad , Tohir Rizki Kurnia , Fauziah Afi , Purnama Yustika
Published: February 2022

Ekosistem mangrove merupakan ekosistem peralihan antara darat dan laut yang  memiliki potensi, peran dan fungsi sangat besar dalam kehidupan. Untuk memperoleh informasi keberadaan hutan mangrove yang terbaru dapat diperoleh melalui data penginderaan jauh. Pemanfaatan teknologi penginderaan jauh sangat efisien karena data yang mudah diperoleh dan harga yang relatif murah.selain itu kelebihannya adalah memiliki resolusi temporal serta cakupannya yang luas dan mampu menjangkau daerah yang terpencil sehingga dapat digunakan untuk keperluan monitoring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kerapatan ekosistem mangrove dengan menggunakan transformasi indeks vegetasi serta menguji beberapa indeks vegetasi dalam hal ini NDVI, NDWI dan SAVI dalam hal efektifitas dalam identifikasi jenis dan kerapatan mengrove. Berdasarkan hasil analisis citra Sentinel dengan menggunakan transformasi indeks NDVI, SAVI, dan NDWI untuk identifikasi kerapatan vegetasi pada transformasi NDVI didominasi kelas kerapatan tinggi yaitu pada rentang nilai 0,67 1 yaitu seluas 46975,96 Ha, pada transformasi SAVI didominasi kelas kerapatan sangat jarang yaitu pada rentang nilai 0,99 1,38 yaitu seluas 48775,18 Ha, pada transformasi NDWI didominasi kelas kerapatan rendah yaitu pada rentang nilai 0,1 0,17 yaitu seluas 27442,26 Ha. Berdasarkan hasil uji akurasi yang dilakukan menggunakan 30 sampel uji diperoleh akurasi sebesar 83,33%.
Industry-level stock returns response to COVID-19 news
Authors: Phuong L.C.M.
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the stock markets of many countries. Understanding the impact of this pandemic on industries is an important and relevant basis for a thorough explanation of stock market movements during this period. The aim of this study is to examine how stock returns of non-financial sectors in Vietnam’s stock market react to information about the COVID-19 pandemic. The event study method is applied to analyze three main events related to the emergence and outbreak of this pandemic in Vietnam in 2020. The first event (January 23, 2020) and the second event (March 6, 2020), respectively, were the time when Vietnam officially announced that it had recorded the first case positive for COVID-19 in the Hochiminh city and Hanoi. The third event is on March 30, 2020, Vietnam announced that it will apply a blockade order in all provinces and cities nationwide to limit the outbreak of this pandemic. Closing price data from January 1, 2019 to April 14, 2020 for five industry indexes (Basic Materials, Consumer Goods, Consumer Services, Industry and Utilities), used in this study. The results show that the stock prices of all five sectors reacted in the same meaningful direction (negative/positive) after the event that Vietnam confirmed the first patient confirmed with COVID-19 in Hochiminh city and the nationwide blockade event was announced, proving that the stock market is affected by psychology. In industries, Industry and Consumer Services are the two sectors that respond the most to events, but Basic materials are the least affected. The study found that the Consumer Goods industry had the most positive results in the five industries for the following two events; The Utilities industry reacted negatively to the first information that could create potential risks of a COVID-19 outbreak in the community, especially in the two major economic centers of Vietnam. Conclusions from this study show that Vietnam’s stock market is inefficient, research results and insights on industry responses to disease information contribute to strategic planning for policymakers and investors in the future.
Fiscal effects of applying initiative budgeting methodology in public finance
Authors: Vagin V. V. , Pinskaya M. R.
Published: February 2022

The subject of the research is the methodology and practice of initiative budgeting (the Russian term for participatory budgeting) as applied to taxation. The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that the experience accumulated in Russia allows us to speak about the productivity of the initiative budgeting methodology in relation to other areas of public finance. The initiative budgeting methodology is part of a more general theory of citizens’ participation in governance and budget decision-making, which is being formed in Russian and foreign studies. The article aims to study the emergence of fiscal effects of applying the methodology of initiative budgeting in public finance and to develop proposals on this basis aimed at finding reserves for increasing local budget revenues. To formulate conclusions and recommendations, the authors use methods such as content analysis of scientific publications on the development of participatory budgeting practices abroad and logical generalization. The study substantiates that one of the promising practices of initiative budgeting may be the participation of citizens in decision-making on the allocation of part of the expenditures of local budgets to co-finance projects of initiative budgeting. At the same time, additional positive effects appear in the form of increased motivation for collection and an overall increase in the volume of local taxes and fees. Thus, there is a productive integration of the initiative budgeting methodology and tax policy at the local level. The authors propose possible strategies for introducing an initiative budgeting experiment in Russian regions. The authors conclude that the initiative budgeting methodology allows creating ways to motivate local governments and citizens to increase local budget revenues. There is a prospect of expanding the scope of application of initiative budgeting tools to solve the financial problems of municipalities.
Cognitive model of the national financial market: creating process and prospects for assessing the security of its functioning
Authors: Loktionova E. A.
Published: February 2022

The subject of the research is the Russian financial market. The aim of the study is to develop a cognitive model of the Russian financial market to assess the security of its functioning. The relevance of the study is due to the need to assess the reaction of the national financial market to various exogenous and endogenous stressors in the face of growing geopolitical tensions and the emergence of new artificial restrictions on the access of domestic investors to foreign sources of capital. The belonging of modern financial markets to complex adaptive systems consisting of elements and relationships, the formal description of the dynamics of which is very problematic, determines the advisability of using cognitive analysis and modeling methods in the process of assessing the safety of their functioning. A feature of the study is that when building a cognitive model of the national financial market, the author uses as the main elements not individual actors of the financial market, but macroeconomic aggregates that characterize the state of the financial market and the economy as a whole. The actor-network structure of the national financial market presented in this way makes it possible to consider the high degree of interpenetration of the financial and real sectors, which is characteristic of the modern economy. The novelty of the paper lies in the development of tools for analyzing the dynamics of the financial market as a result of constructing a methodological framework for studying the security of its functioning based on cognitive modeling. The developed cognitive model shows how the identified macro-aggregates change as a result of the spread of a positive or negative impulse, allowing to highlight the critical factors ensuring the sustainable functioning of the financial market. The author concludes that in the case of a balanced state of the considered macroeconomic aggregates, the existing hierarchical structure of the Russian financial market makes it possible to localize and neutralize crisis phenomena of an endogenous nature. At the same time, within the framework of the existing networks of the interaction of the financial market, exogenous stress impulses will intensify and lead to a violation of its effective performance of the function of capital circulation. The practical significance of the research results lies in the ability to determine the stabilizing processes and mechanisms operating in the economy as a whole and in the financial sector in particular, and in their absence, to identify the possibilities for their design that can increase the systemic security of the functioning of the country’s financial market.
Research of methodological principles and financial mechanisms of macro-strategic management of the dynamics of technological innovation systems
Authors: Matrizaev B. D.
Published: February 2022

Production and consumption systems need radical innovations to meet the challenges of the post-industrial world. The questions of how systemic innovations or changes in socio-technical systems are implemented and in what form the principles and mechanisms of macro-strategic management of them can be organized are very relevant. Equally relevant is the issue of ensuring the inflow of resources for technological development, such as public funding or private capital. The aim of the article is to study a new model for the implementation of innovations in socio-technical systems based on a system dynamics approach. The author applies methods of a systematic approach to the analysis of economic processes and phenomena, methods of statistical and econometric analysis, methods of grouping and classification, economic and mathematical modeling, methods of comparative historical and cross-country analysis, forecasting methods and expert judgments. The article examines the methodological principles and mechanisms of macro-strategic management of the dynamics of technological innovation systems and ensuring their financial support. The author proposes a new methodological approach based on system dynamics, which combines two modern concepts of technological innovation systems management: the concept of “innovation engines”, based on the research on new technological innovation systems, and the concept of a “three-vector transition module”. A model of the emergence or decline of technological innovation systems in the context of various transitional processes (changes) in socio-technical systems is identified. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of new and improvement of the key methodological approaches currently used for the strategic management of the dynamics of technological innovation systems. The conclusions of the article show that the new methodological approach proposed by the author provides an important first step towards the study of more formalized models for studying the dynamics of technological innovation systems.
Current ways to protect the rights and ensure the economic security of Russian individuals and legal entities in the context of international economic sanctions
Authors: Iriarte Angel J. L. , Linnikov A. S. , Sereda A. V. , Minakov A. S.
Published: February 2022

Restrictive measures, or so-called “sanctions”, were introduced by the countries of the European Union against the Russian Federation, its citizens, and legal entities in 2014. The introduction of restrictive measures was initially seen as a threat to Russia’s economic security and sovereignty, so the Russian authorities were forced to respond by introducing retaliatory measures, or counter-sanctions. The subject of this article is the various possibilities for defending or challenging the imposed restrictive measures provided for by the legislation of the European Union and its member States, as well as the most famous and significant cases of appealing against these sanctions. The aim of the study is to systematize various ways of challenging restrictive measures in the bodies of the European Union, to develop a mechanism for such a challenge, as well as to collect statistical information on completed cases in which sanctions against certain persons were successfully challenged, or the lifting of restrictive measures was refused. The relevance of the topic is expressed in the unrelenting pressure of foreign states on the sovereignty and economic security of Russia. The scientific novelty is due to the lack of systematic research on the mechanisms for challenging sanctions. The authors apply descriptive, historical, and comparative analysis methods. The authors identified a certain mechanism of opportunities and tools for challenging restrictive measures in the bodies of the European Union, as well as defined a chain of actions to launch an appeal mechanism for certain restrictive measures. The authors conclude that stakeholders should initiate and participate in sanctions appeal procedures as there is good practice in lifting restrictive measures.
Income and wealth distribution in the European Union and Russia: comparativ analysis
Authors: Ermakova E. R. , Ilyakova I. E.
Published: February 2022

The subject of the study is the features of economic relations between income and wealth distribution/redistribution in Europe and Russia from the perspective of the need to overcome excessive socio-economic inequality. The aim of the article is to determine the level of existing socio-economic inequality, to make cross-country comparisons of income and wealth differentials in society, and then to substantiate the possibilities of applying the best practices of foreign countries to reduce socio-economic inequality in Russia. The methods of research are philosophical (dialectical, critical), general scientific (methods of scientific abstraction, the unity of the historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, classification), private scientific (economic and mathematical, statistical, functional). The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of the theory and methodology of A. Ya. Kiruta and A. Yu. Shevyakov on excessive inequality. The recommendations proposed by the authors to reduce excessive inequality in Russia represent the practical significance. The study shows that the EU countries, which are characterized by smooth income distribution, are extremely unequal in wealth distribution. The Russian economy has excessive levels of inequality in terms of both income and wealth. At the same time, there is a polarization of Russian society and a concentration of income in the hands of the upper percipient. The Gini coefficient, the Kaitz index, and the ratio of median and minimum wages demonstrate the extreme degree of inequality in income distribution among Russians. The research investigates the losses from existing levels of inequality in the EU countries and Russia through changes in human development indices. The authors conclude that socio-economic policy aimed at reducing excessive inequality in Russia should be based on the principle of social federalism. Russia needs a comprehensive strategy to combat social stratification and a consistent policy aimed at the formation of a full-fledged middle class. The authors consider it necessary to introduce in Russia a non-taxable minimum income tax, a progressive scale of gift and inheritance taxes, and the introduction of a new wealth tax.
Monetary policy transformation of major central banks during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kudinova M. M.
Published: February 2022

The paper aims to assess the scope, effectiveness and key instruments of monetary policy in advanced and emerging markets during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodological basis of the study was the reports of the central banks of the sample countries and the data of international organizations and financial market participants on monetary policies. The author assesses the scope of financial support for the economy by the central banks of the largest advanced and emerging markets during the crisis, including the size and share of quantitative easing in its total volume. The study identifies and characterizes the main groups of monetary policy measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and also shows the monetary policy differences of advanced and emerging economies during the pandemic. The paper highlights larger direct financial support from the central banks of advanced countries. The difference in monetary policy instruments is that advanced economies use traditional monetary policy measures while emerging economies widely apply unconventional monetary policy instruments, primarily quantitative easing. The article presents a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of monetary policy in China and Russia. The author concludes that the consequences of the monetary policy pursued by advanced countries in 2020 may lead to long-term stagnation in these countries and the rapid recovery of emerging markets due to the inflow of speculative capital from advanced countries. The study provides a post-pandemic forecast of the general direction of monetary policy and its driving factors. Enormous direct financial support, primarily through quantitative easing, from the central banks of advanced countries in 2020 had a positive impact on the economy in the short run, but the long-term consequences of such policies require further research.
The Armey curve: an empirical analysis of selected Balkan countries and Russia for the period 2006–2019
Authors: Nikolova V. N. , Angelov A. G.
Published: February 2022

The subject of the analysis is to check the validity of the Armey curve which is frequently used in the scientific literature and to establish the optimal level of the public sector. The aim of the present study is to analyze the impact of the public sector through public expenditure on the possibility of achieving economic growth. The estimation is based on annual data for the period 2006–2019 of selected Balkan countries and Russia. The authors apply the ordinary least squares (OLS) method for a nonlinear regression model. The conclusion is that the Armey curve is valid for some of the countries involved in the research among which Serbia, North Macedonia and Russia. The public expenditure to Gross Domestic Product ratio’s threshold value, which maximizes economic growth, ranges from 32.94 to 42.37%. The average share of public expenditure in the analyzed countries is approximately equal to the threshold values that are obtained which is indicative of achievement to some extent the desired economic performance. However, the results of the study show that the growth of the public sector and its impact on economic development should not be underestimated.