bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review Essay: The Importance of Climate-change Economics // Ensayo reseña: La importancia de la economía del cambio climático
Authors: Whitney Charles
Published: April 2020

The economics of climate-change mitigation has become a central problem in the struggle to address increasing climate threats, and should become a concern of humanistic study and education.  This essay concerns three recent, major studies on this subject.  The first mixes mainstream and ecological economics and calls for relatively radical changes in manufacturing, finance, and regulation that would limit economic growth and environmental destruction, while increasing well-being.  The second offers a more integrated plan of how a policy can be developed and actually implemented, but fails to justify its assumptions or demonstrate its reliability.  The third argues that the full range of economic study must be integrated in new initiatives to co-ordinate a general transformation of economic activity worldwide, to center it on climate-change mitigation.  On the one hand, all the books offer some excellent proposals, although the demand for continuing economic growth may continue to limit their adoption.  On the other hand, none of the books gives sufficient attention to the developing world and none attributes intrinsic value to the non-human world. Resumen             La mitigación de la economía del cambio climático se ha convertido en un problema central en la lucha por abordar las crecientes amenazas climáticas, y debería convertirse en un asunto de interés para las humanidades y la educación. Este ensayo se centra en tres importantes y recientes estudios sobre el tema. El primero mezcla la economía convencional y la ecológica, y exige cambios relativamente radicales en la fabricación, financiación y regulación que limitarían el crecimiento económico y la destrucción medioambiental, al mismo tiempo que aumentarían el bienestar. El segundo ofrece un  plan más integrado de cómo una política puede desarrollarse y, de hecho, implementarse, pero no llega a justificar sus suposiciones ni a demostrar su fiabilidad. El tercero argumenta que toda la gama de estudio económico debe integrarse en nuevas iniciativas para coordinar una transformación general de la actividad económica mundial, para centrarla en la mitigación del cambio climático. Por un lado, todos los libros ofrecen algunas propuestas excelentes, aunque la demanda de continuar con el crecimiento económico pude seguir limitando su adopción. Por otro lado, ninguno de los libros presta suficiente atención a los países en desarrollo, y ninguno atribuye valor intrínseco al mundo no-humano.
Book Review of Sense of Place: Transatlantic Perspectives / Sentido del arraigo: perspectivas transatlánticas // Reseña de Sense of Place: Transatlantic Perspectives / Sentido del arraigo: perspectivas transatlánticas
Authors: Phillips Pamela F
Published: April 2020

Book Review of Sense of Place: Transatlantic Perspectives / Sentido del arraigo: perspectivas transatlánticas. Resumen      Reseña de Sense of Place: Transatlantic Perspectives / Sentido del arraigo: perspectivas transatlánticas.
Población, cambio climático y huella ambiental // Population, Climate Change and Environmental Footprint
Authors: Peinado Lorca Manuel
Published: April 2020

Resumen       En 1679 Anthony van Leeuwenhoek fue el primero en especular acerca del número de seres humanos que podría albergar la Tierra. Desde entonces y, sobre todo, desde que Thomas Malthus publicó en 1798 su célebre ensayo, el debate demográfico –particularmente exacerbado en la segunda mitad del siglo pasado, cuando la tasa de crecimiento poblacional duplicaba a la actual- se estableció en dos frentes, el de los boomsters, que sostienen que no hay límites para la explotación de los recursos terrestres, y el de los doomsters, para los que los recursos del planeta tienen unos límites que estamos a punto de desbordar. La detección en la década de 1990 de los primeros síntomas del calentamiento global ha marginado a unos y otros. Hoy, el debate no se centra en los límites de los recursos, sino en los excesos de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero con los que nuestro sistema económico consumista está alterando el equilibrio global de la Tierra. La superpoblación sigue siendo el problema, pero la unidad de medida de hoy es nuestra huella ambiental evaluada en términos de producción de gases de efecto invernadero, los responsables de la aceleración del cambio climático global. Abstract       In 1679 Anthony van Leeuwenhoek was the first person speculating about the number of human beings that the Earth could harbour. Since then and, above all, since Thomas Malthus published his famous essay in 1798, the demographic debate—especially exacerbated in the second half of the last century, when the population growth rate doubled the current one—was established on two fronts, that of boomsters, who argue that there are no limits to the exploitation of the Erath resources; and that of doomsters, for whom the Earth resources have a limit that we are about to overflow. The detection in the 1990s of the first symptoms of global warming has marginalised ones and the others. Nowadays, the debate is not focused on the limits of resources, but on the excessive emissions of greenhouse gases with which our consumer economic system is altering the global balance of the Earth. Overpopulation is still the problem, but the current unit of measure is our environmental footprint assessed in terms of the production of greenhouse gases, which are responsible for the global climate change.
A systematic review on silica-, carbon-, and magnetic materials-supported copper species as efficient heterogeneous nanocatalysts in “click” reactions
Authors: Shiri Pezhman , Aboonajmi Jasem
Published: April 2020

In recent years, many inorganic silica/carbon-based and magnetic materials have been selected to arrest copper ions through a widespread range of anchoring and embedding methodologies. These inorganic supported nanocatalysts have been found to be efficient, environmentally friendly, recyclable, and durable. In addition, one of the vital issues for expanding new, stable, and reusable catalysts is the discovery of unique catalysts. The basis and foundation of this review article is to consider the recently published developments (2014–2019) in the synthesis and catalytic applications of copper supported by silica nanocomposites, carbon nanocomposites, and magnetic nanocomposites for expanding the “click” chemistry.
Языковые средства передачи отрицательной семантики в современном русском языке
Authors: Petrova T.E. , Saevich S.T.
Published: April 2020

Работа посвящена системному анализу способов выражения отрицания в современном русском языке. На основе анализа текстов разных функциональных стилей выделены основные структурно-семантические конструкции категории отрицания в русском языке. Особое внимание уделяется выражению отрицания в формулах речевого этикета, глаголам с отрицательной семантикой иконструкциям с имплицитным отрицанием.

The paper is devoted to the systematic analysis of means of expressing negation in Russian language. Based on the analysis of texts of different functional styles, the main structural and semantic constructions of the category of negation in the Russian language are identified. Particular attention is paid to the negation in the formulas of speech etiquette, verbs with negative semantics and constructions with implicit negation.
Обучение чтению как культурному событию в смешанной аудитории при изучении русского как второго иностранного в школах Чехии
Authors: Getmanenko N.I. , Rozbuodova L. , Shafrankova L.
Published: April 2020

В учебных учреждениях появился новый тип обучаемого ученик-билингв. В связи с этим необходимо менять современную образовательную модель, особо обращая внимание на чтение как вид речевой деятельности и принципы отбора дидактического материала при обучении чтению в смешанной аудитории на уроках РКИ в школах Чехии. В качестве примера приводится один из авторских текстов, которому отводится ролькультурного событияпри чтении в семейном кругу, в классе или во внеурочное время. Авторы обосновывают необходимость и особенность целенаправленной и систематической методической работы с текстами, чтение которых может стать культурным событием. Предложена авторская методика работы с подобными текстами.

The concept of this article is based on the following three principal points. The first one is connected with the advent of a new type of student in schools, a bilingual student, and, due to this, the necessity to introduce changes to the modern educational model. The second one is related to the role of reading as a species of speech activity and is concerning the principles of selection of didactic materials when teaching reading to a diverse audience (including bilingual students) in classes of Russian as a Foreign Language in schools of the Czech Republic. As an example, there is provided one of the authors texts which plays the role of a cultural event for school students and primary school students who are mono- and bilinguals, when reading in the family circle, in class or out-of-class. The third one substantiates the necessity and specialty of a purposeful and systematic methodological work with texts, the reading of which could become a cultural event. The authors methodology of work with such texts is proposed.
SERMON AS A RELIGIOUS COMMUNICATION (EMOTIONAL TOOLS OF PERSUASION IN THE SERMONS BY ANTONIJ RADYVYLOVS’KYI)
Authors: AZOVTSEVA Sofia
Published: April 2020

Territorially and mentally, Ukraine is the borderland of different civilizations. Ukraine’s geographical location and historical conditions have drastically affected the course of social, political and cultural developments. It appears that the Baroque era became an important bridge in the convergence of Western and Eastern Europe. The rhetoric and homiletic genre held an important place in the art system of the old Ukrainian literature, and even more so in the Ukrainian Baroque literature in the time of radical national upheavals and inter-confessional wars. Since the early 1600’s the Ukrainian sermon acquired some new features, which was due mostly to the socio-historical changes. A major role in the development of church oratory prose was played by the instructors of the Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium, whose rhetoric textbooks relied on both the ancient theory of rhetoric art and the Baroque works of the literati from Central and Western Europe. The "new" type of a sermon, i.e., a topical kazannia (sermon), evolved as a part of the anti-Catholic cultural and religious movement, which was a reflection of the socio-political situation. Whereas in the 1500’s and early 1600’s theUkrainian sermon constituted an exegesis of the Biblical text (expository sermons) designed in a moral and instructive spirit, the late 1600’s saw the arrival of the sermon whose main feature became the departure from the homily principle. Instead, the Gospel passages were interpreted in compliance with the principles of a rhetorical speech, or, to be more exact, of a topical kazannia. Antonij Radyvylovs’kyj was a Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium alumnus, so his sermons were built on the premises of Rhetoric art.
THE RUSSIAN COMPOSER EDISON DENISOV – FAR OR CLOSE TO THE WESTERN CULTURE
Authors: GOTCHEVA Angelina-Ogniana
Published: April 2020

19 marks the 90th anniversary of the birth of the Russian avant-garde composer Edison Denisov. He belongs to the second generation of Soviet avant-garde composers, whose work is famous for its innovative thinking and techniques: serialism, aleatory, sonorism and the use of electronics. The most progressive composers among them are Edison Denisov, Sofia Gubaidulina and Alfred Schnittke, who form a group later called “The Moscow Triad”. This article explores the ways in which Eastern and Western culture meet, specifically within works pertaining to the religious perspectives of the three authors – Gubaidulina’s meditative concept, the mystic beliefs of Schnittke, the sublimity of art in Denisov’s works and their different spiritual insight into art. The article also gives specific evaluation of the connection between the members of the Moscow Triad and the way they perceived each other’s personalities and work through a series of their own quotations. Their difficulties in communication with foreign Western composers and the wish to bring their work to the knowledge of the younger generation of Russian composers is observed, as well as the friendship between Denisov and another legendary French avant-garde composer Pierre Boulez. It briefly explores the effect of the contemporary political situation that led to the prohibition of the distribution and performance of the music of the three composers. The article addresses the way the art of Denisov was perceived in the past and today, the reception of his music in the West and in his homeland, his legacy and the future of his music in the context of the global culture.
FROM THE ISLAND OF MAURITIUS TO THE NEW TESTAMENT OF SAINT KLIMENT
Authors: EVTIMOVA Tatyana
Published: April 2020

a professor in Indian Studies, in February 2019 the author was a special guest to the Mahatma Gandhi Institute in Moka, Mauritius. During her visit she delivered a public lecture entitled “Tracing India in an Old Bulgarian Alphabet”. This text is practically based on it. The name of the first Bulgarian alphabet – Glagolitsa of Saint Cyril – may formally be translated as “speaking script”, or “speaking letters”. As far as each and every letter in it carries a separate name and therefore meaning, given the order of alphabets, the approach to it as to an alphabetical blessing and Benedictio to Bulgarians, initially articulated by Saint Cyril, was easily prompted. The names of five of the Glagolitsa letters – buki, vedi, esti, jivete, shta – as a real shortcut take us back to Ancient India and its classical language Sanskrit. The “speaking” character of this alphabet and the order of alphabets were as a matter of fact the main features of Glagolitsa that Saint Kliment kept and transferred to his new graphics, which he named after his late teacher – Kirilitsa. The author gives her own “translation” of Saint Kliment’s Alphabetical Blessing in Modern Bulgarian and makes a semantic and spiritual bridge between Kirilitsa, or the Cyrillic alphabet and the Holy Bible, or the New Testament.
F O R E I G N L A N G U A G E T E A C H I N G M E T H O D O L O G Y
Authors: JURASEK Miroslav , POTOCKY Tomislav , VACINOVA Tereza
Published: April 2020

The capability to use cultural cues in order to function effectively in culturally diverse situations has been measured by the fashionable concept of cultural intelligence (CQ) and its four dimensions (metacognitive CQ, cognitive CQ, motivational CQ and behavioral CQ) in a lot of previous studies and research. This capability is an important asset of the competitive portfolio for almost all companies in today's globalized world. Our study builds on a recent intensive research and brings anew the issue of CQ into the Czech environment. Specifically, the relationship between language skills and cultural intelligence is examined. Using the PLS – SEM statistical method, a sample of 100 respondents studying in the English BA program at one Czech private university and coming from different countries (mostly from China) was analyzed to demonstrate that there was a positive correlation between foreign language proficiency and all dimensions of CQ. On the contrary, another hypothesis (proposed in one previous study) was not confirmed: purposeful preparation for a language exam and its successful passing does not stimulate the development of the motivational (or any other) dimension of CQ or, in any case, no significant difference was found between the two groups of those who possess a language certificate and those who do not.
STYLISTICALLY MARKED VERBS FROM THE DOMAIN OF HUMAN SPEAKING ACTIVITY IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN AND SERBIAN
Authors: BALEK Tijana
Published: April 2020

the paper we present negatively marked verbs denoting speech based on material from Russian and Serbian languages. The verbs were excerpted from various descriptive and specialized dictionaries and illustrative examples of their use in context were taken mostly from Russian and Serbian electronic corpora. A general characteristic of the verbs discussed is the denotation of the speaking activity of human beings. However, speaking activity does not need to be their primary meaning because verbs have the ability to transpose their semantics into the analyzed domain. It is thereason why we divided the excerpted material into four groups, according to its dominant distinctive semantic features: (1) verbs that have (primarily) negative meaning of speaking activity, (2) verbs that primarily denote animal and/or onomatopoetic sounds, (3) verbs that denote physical change of the objects and (4) the others (with unclear etymology). Theconducted analysis has shown that the list of the verbs observed grows constantly and that it is impossible to give strict numbers of its components. Their main pragmatic characteristics, however, are the usage in the second or the third person of the singular or plural, because the speaker in most cases has the tendency to assess negatively the speech of other people but not his/her own.
OCCASIONALISMS IN ADVERTIZING COPIES (AS EXEMPLIFIED BY SLOVAK, BULGARIAN AND UKRAINIAN LANGUAGES)
Authors: KHODA Lidija
Published: April 2020

the article, occasionalisms as individual authored new formations in Slovak, Bulgarian and Ukrainian advertising texts were researched. The state of studying the selected scientific problems was analysed, as well as different views of scientists on the interpretation of the concept of ‘occasionalism’ and the use of various terms for its designation (occasional derivation, advertising new formations, potential words, etc.) were considered. Attention was drawn to the distinction between the terms of ‘neologism’ and ‘occcasionalism’. In the article, the reasons for lexical innovations appearance in advertising language were also studied, its functions were considered. According to the grammatical affiliation of occasionalisms in the advertising language, occasional verbs, nouns, adverbs, and adjectives were analysed, the peculiarities of its formation and use in advertising texts were found out, as well as a comparative analysis of some lexical units functioning in the texts of Slovak, Bulgarian and Ukrainian advertising was performed. A particular attention was given to occasional phrases, which acquire new shades in advertising due to an unexpected combination of words. According to word formation classification of occasionalisms, such ways of its creation were considered as prefix, suffix, prefix-suffix, word compounding, word stem compounding, and graphic derivation. Graphic occasionalisms occupy a significant place in the advertising texts, which arise from the type of highlighting certain letters, replacing individual letters with different symbols or borrowed letters, etc. Based on the material analysed, the influence of occasionalisms on the consumer during the perception of advertising texts was determined.
ON A NEWLY-COINED GROUP OF VERBS IN BULGARIAN AND RUSSIAN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTERNET LANGUAGE
Authors: MANOVA-GEORGIEVA Yana , BAGASHEVA Mariya
Published: April 2020

e influence of the Internet can be felt in all aspects of our lives – people live online, read online, getinformed and even get married online. Online communication has become our main source of exchanging ideas, getting information and even broadening our personal vocabulary. The language of the Internet has started being used on a daily basis, notwithstanding the age, status and occupation of the people involved in this kind of communication. In fact, the ones that appear to be most influenced by the Internet language are the younger generation. Not surprisingly, their imagination can becompared to a deep well abounding in new words and phrases that they automatically adopt in their everyday conversations using various Internet platforms. Even before youngsters can speak English, they start using certain phrases so as to sound cool and attractive, thus receiving more attention. And since the language on the Internet is a language of active communication, the hereby presented paper deals with the coinage of a new group of verbs in Bulgarian and Russian which have entered the youth slang, namely verbs such as хейтвам, лайквам, фейсбуквам (Bulgarian) ; апгрейдить, блинковать, юзать (Russian). Their appearance is influenced by the Internet and social media, which have proven to be a constant part of the life of teenagers, as well as English, which is the language of the Internet. What is investigated are the reasons for the coinage of this group of neologisms in both languages of interest, their word-formative patterns, and the peculiarities in their usage in Bulgarian and Russian.
INTERDISCURSIVITY, INTERTEXTUALITY AND PRECEDENT TEXTS IN THE WEBSITE FORUM MEDIALECT
Authors: CHERVENKO Oksana , VELIKOVA Snezhan
Published: April 2020

is article analyzes the phenomena of interdiscursivity, intertextuality, precedent texts and their functions in the websites forum medialect, which could be described as an online space, where specific language usage related to internet communication is manifested. The main purpose is, firstly, to comment on these functions and, secondly, to analyze their relationship to participants’ linguistic behavior established around a specific news media in the public discourse. By presenting specific solutions, the article discusses the categories of intertextuality, interdiscursivity, precedent texts, and medialect. The illustrations for the analysis are taken from predominantly news-oriented online journalistic websites, and the article analyzes the speech behavior of the participants in the comment section medialect. Based on specific examples, the article draws conclusions about the role of the internet media in the use of the three phenomena and of the manifestations of the cooperative and masking functions performed by intertextuality, interdiscursivity and precedent texts included in the linguistic range of the commentators. The roles of the three categories in the formation of thecommunicative act and its outcome are commented in terms of topics that are sensitive for both journalists and the commentators of their articles. These are mainly topics that attract multiple comments due to their significance for a group of users or for the whole society, such as ethnic minorities, migration, corruption, political practices, political actors, etc. Furthermore, they manage to provoke the activity, dexterity, originality of the ones taking part in the communicative acts and thus to create favorable conditions to observe web specific linguistic practices; to track specific language usage and the communicative behavior of the addressers in the public space, observable in the internet media.
Young Chinese in Europe
Authors: Lojo Aureli
Published: April 2020

Chinese tourism in Europe has tripled over the last decade to reach 6 million tourists
in 2018. Understanding tourist behavior allows for improvement of the tourist
experience and better management of destinations. To these ends, this study
analyzes (1) the motivations, expectations and satisfaction of Chinese tourists
and (2) defines the main differences between young Chinese (18-29 years old)
and more mature Chinese tourists. Data is extracted from 360 survey
questionnaires that were administered to tourists after their trips to Europe.
Destination Spain, in Western Europe, is selected as the case study. Mean
analysis, one-factor ANOVA and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) have
been conducted. The results show that more mature travelers have significant
differences in the travel arrangements, motivations, expectations and
evaluations of their trips than do younger travelers. Younger tourists chose
independent trips, while the more mature ones chose either full group packages
or independent trips. The younger have a wider range of motivations and
preferences for activities at their destinations. New trends in Chinese
tourists visiting Europe are discussed and implications for the destination are
explored
Design and Implementation Model for Linearization Sensor Characteristic by FPAA
Authors: Salman Alaa , Tahir Fadhil , Rashid Mofeed
Published: April 2020

Linearization sensors characteristics becomes very interest field for researchers due to the importance in enhance the system performance, measurement accuracy, system design simplicity (hardware and software), reduce system cost, ..etc. in this paper, two approaches has been introduced in order to linearize the sensor characteristics; first is signal condition circuit based on lock up table (LUT) which this method performed for linearize NTC sensor characteristic. Second is ratiometric measurement equation which this method performed for linearize LVDT sensor characteristic. The proposed methods has been simulated by MATLAB, and then implemented by using Anadigm AN221E04 Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) development kit which several experiments performed in order to improve the performance of these approaches.
Fuzzy Transmission Power Control Scheme for Maximizing Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Leabi Safaa , Abdalla Turki
Published: April 2020

Energy limitations have become fundamental challenge for designing WSNs. Network lifetime is the most interested and important metric in WSNs. Many works have been developed for prolonging networks lifetime, in which one of the important work is the control of transmission power. This paper proposes a new fuzzy transmission power control technique that operate together with routing protocols for prolonging WSNs lifetime. Dijkstra shortest path routing is considered as the main routing protocol in this work. This paper mainly focuses on transmission power control scheme for prolonging WSNs lifetime. A performance comparison is depicted for maximum and controlled transmission power. Simulation results show an increase in network lifetime equals to 3.4776 for the proposed fuzzy control. The performance of the proposed fuzzy control technique involves a good improvement and contribution in the field of prolonging networks lifetime by using transmission power control.
Ulasan Buku Kapita Selekta Anotasi Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
Authors: Unknown Unknown
Published: April 2020

Kapita Selekta Anotasi Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 (selanjutnya disebut Kapita Selekta Anotasi UUPPLH) merupakan hasil penelitian ICEL terhadap ketentuan pasal-pasal UUPPLH. Kapita Selekta Anotasi mencoba membedah muatan UUPPLH dengan menyajikan kronologi pembahasan, analisis teori, analisis perbandingan dengan perundang- undangan lainnya, dan analisis perbandingan dengan negara lain pada pasal- pasal tertentu dalam UUPPLH.  Pasal-pasal yang diteliti dalam Kapita Selekta Anotasi UUPPLH ini dibungkus melalui tema-tema yang menjadi pokok dari UUPPLH.Melalui Kapita Selekta Anotasi UUPPLH, pembaca akan lebih mudah memahami pokok pikiran dan struktur UUPPLH.  Kapita Selekta Anotasi UUPPLH juga memberikan penjelasan bagi beberapa ketentuan pasal yang sering menjadi perdebatan dan menimbulkan multitafsir seperti Pasal 90 yang ketentuannya membuat Pemerintah Pusat atau Pemerintah Daerah tidak dapat mengajukan gugatan secara sendiri-sendiri.  Selain itu, Kapita Selekta Anotasi UUPPLH menampilkan sejarah pembahasan UUPPLH yang memudahkan pembaca mendapat informasi munculnya pasal-pasal di UUPPLH.
Mengatasi Kabut Asap Melalui Mekanisme Citizen Lawsuit
Authors: Zulaeha Mulyani
Published: April 2020

Permasalahan kabut asap akibat terbakarnya hutan dan lahan di Indonesiamerupakan kejadian berulang setiap tahun. Dampak kabut asap tidak saja dialamioleh masyarakat sekitar, namun juga berdampak ke wilayah lain di Indonesiabahkan menjadi kado tahunan bagi beberapa negara tetangga Indonesia. Kerugianyang diderita tidak saja bersifat materiil bahkan sampai merenggut nyawa.Dengan metode yuridis normatif, dapat dijelaskan persoalan kabut asap yangmengakibatkan warga negara tidak mendapatkan haknya atas lingkungan udarayang baik dan sehat dapat di jadikan sebagai dasar mengajukan gugatan citizenlawsuit. Gugatan dilakukan agar penyelenggara negara mengeluarkan suatukebijakan yang bersifat umum agar kelalaian atau kegagalan dalam pemenuhanhak warga negara tersebut di masa mendatang tidak terjadi lagi. Potensi mengatasikabut asap melalui mekanisme citizen lawsuit yaitu pemerintah akan mengeluarkansuatu aturan yang lebih tegas agar kejadian kabut asap tidak lagi terulang.
Catatan Akhir Tahun 2017 Indonesian Center for Environmental Law :Kebijakan Pemerintahan Jokowi-JK Tahun 2017: Ambisi Megaproyek, Minim Perlindungan Lingkungan
Authors: Law (ICEL) Indonesian Center for Environmental
Published: April 2020

Catatan akhir tahun ICEL ini akan memberikan pandangan mengenai kinerja Pemerintahan Jokowi-JK selama 2017 dan implikasinya terhadap perlindungan lingkungan hidup dan sumber daya alam. Catatan-catatan ini dibuat berdasarkan advokasi kasus, penelitian dan pendampingan yang dilakukan oleh ICEL bersama dengan jaringan masyarakat sipil maupun pemangku kepentingan lainnya. Catatan akhir tahun ini akan membahas mengenai kebijakan dan penegakan hukum terhadap empat isu pokok dalam perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup serta sumber daya alam, yaitu: (1) kebijakan dan penegakan hukum lingkungan; (2) kehutanan dan lahan; (3) pencemaran lingkungan hidup; dan (4) kelautan dan pesisir.
Separate Silicate and Carbonaceous Solids Formed from Mixed Atomic and Molecular Species Diffusing in Neon Ice
Authors: Rouillé Gaël , Jäger Cornelia , Henning Thomas
Published: April 2020

The formation and growth of refractory matter on pre-existing interstellar dust grain surfaces was studied experimentally by annealing neon-ice matrices in which potential precursors of silicate grains (Mg and Fe atoms, SiO and SiO2 molecules) and of solid carbon (C
n
molecules, n = 2–10) were initially isolated. Other molecules, mainly O3, CO, CO2, C3O, and H2O, were embedded at the same time in the matrices. The annealing procedure caused the cold dopants to diffuse and interact in the neon ice. Monitoring the procedure in situ with infrared spectroscopy revealed the disappearance of the silicon oxide and carbon molecules at temperatures lower than 13 K, and the rise of the Si–O stretching band of silicates. Ex situ electron microscopy confirmed the formation of silicate grains and showed that their structure was amorphous. It also showed that amorphous carbon matter was formed simultaneously next to the silicate grains, the two materials being chemically separated. The results of the experiments support the hypothesis that grains of complex silicates and of carbonaceous materials are reformed in the cold interstellar medium, as suggested by astronomical observations and evolution models of cosmic dust masses. Moreover, they show that the potential precursors of one material do not combine with those of the other at cryogenic temperatures, providing us with a clue as to the separation of silicates and carbon in interstellar grains.
Gravitational-wave Detection and Parameter Estimation for Accreting Black-hole Binaries and Their Electromagnetic Counterpart
Authors: Caputo Andrea , Sberna Laura , Toubiana Alexandre , Babak Stanislav , Barausse Enrico , Marsat Sylvain , Pani Paolo
Published: April 2020

We study the impact of gas accretion on the orbital evolution of black-hole binaries initially at large separation in the band of the planned Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We focus on two sources: (i) stellar-origin black-hole binaries (SOBHBs) that can migrate from the LISA band to the band of ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) observatories within weeks/months; and (ii) intermediate-mass black-hole binaries (IMBHBs) in the LISA band only. Because of the large number of observable GW cycles, the phase evolution of these systems needs to be modeled to great accuracy to avoid biasing the estimation of the source parameters. Accretion affects the GW phase at negative (−4) post-Newtonian order, being thus dominant for binaries at large separations. Accretion at the Eddington or at super-Eddington rate will leave a detectable imprint on the dynamics of SOBHBs. For super-Eddington rates and a 10 yr mission, a multiwavelength strategy with LISA and a ground-based interferometer can detect about 10 (a few) SOBHB events for which the accretion rate can be measured at 50% (10%) level. In all cases, the sky position can be identified within much less than 0.4 deg2 uncertainty. Likewise, accretion at ≳100% of the Eddington rate can be measured in IMBHBs up to redshift z ≈ 0.1, and the position of these sources can be identified within less than

uncertainty. Altogether, a detection of SOBHBs or IMBHBs would allow for targeted searches of electromagnetic counterparts to black-hole mergers in gas-rich environments with future X-ray detectors (such as Athena) and/or radio observatories (such as SKA).
Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Emissions due to Cosmic-Ray Protons Accelerated at Intracluster Shocks in Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Ha Ji-Hoon , Ryu Dongsu , Kang Hyesung
Published: April 2020

We examine the cosmic-ray protons (CRp) accelerated at collisionless shocks in galaxy clusters using cosmological structure formation simulations. We find that in the intracluster medium (ICM) within the virial radius of simulated clusters, only ∼7% of shock kinetic energy flux is dissipated by the shocks that are expected to accelerate CRp—that is, supercritical, quasi-parallel (Q
∥) shocks with sonic Mach number M

s
 ≥ 2.25. The rest is dissipated at subcritical shocks and quasi-perpendicular shocks, both of which may not accelerate CRp. Adopting the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) model recently presented in Ryu et al., we quantify the DSA of CRp in simulated clusters. The average fraction of the shock kinetic energy transferred to CRp via DSA is assessed at ∼(1–2) × 10−4. We also examine the energization of CRp through reacceleration using a model based on the test-particle solution. Assuming that the ICM plasma passes through shocks three times on average through the history of the universe and that CRp are reaccelerated only at supercritical Q
∥-shocks, the CRp spectrum flattens by ∼0.05–0.1 in slope and the total amount of CRp energy increases by ∼40%–80% from reacceleration. We then estimate diffuse γ-ray and neutrino emissions, resulting from inelastic collisions between CRp and thermal protons. The predicted γ-ray emissions from simulated clusters lie mostly below the upper limits set by Fermi-LAT for observed clusters. The neutrino fluxes toward nearby clusters would be ≲10−4 of the IceCube flux at E

ν
 = 1 PeV and ≲10−6 of the atmospheric neutrino flux in the energy range of E

ν
 ≤ 1 TeV.
High-resolution UV/Optical/IR Imaging of Jupiter in 2016–2019
Authors: Wong Michael H. , Simon Amy A. , Tollefson Joshua W. , de Pater Imke , Barnett Megan N. , Hsu Andrew I. , Stephens Andrew W. , Orton Glenn S. , Fleming Scott W. , Goullaud Charles , Januszewski William , Roman Anthony , Bjoraker Gordon L. , Atreya Sushil K. , Adriani Alberto , Fletcher Leigh N.
Published: April 2020

Imaging observations of Jupiter with high spatial resolution were acquired beginning in 2016, with a cadence of 53 days to coincide with atmospheric observations of the Juno spacecraft during each perijove pass. The Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) collected Jupiter images from 236 to 925 nm in 14 filters. The Near-Infrared Imager (NIRI) at Gemini North imaged Jovian thermal emission using a lucky-imaging approach (co-adding the sharpest frames taken from a sequence of short exposures), using the M′ filter at 4.7 μm. We discuss the data acquisition and processing and an archive collection that contains the processed WFC3 and NIRI data (doi:10.17909/T94T1H). Zonal winds remain steady over time at most latitudes, but significant evolution of the wind profile near 24°N in 2016 and near 15°S in 2017 was linked with convective superstorm eruptions. Persistent mesoscale waves were seen throughout the 2016–2019 period. We link groups of lightning flashes observed by the Juno team with water clouds in a large convective plume near 15°S and in cyclones near 35°N–55°N. Thermal infrared maps at the 10.8 micron wavelength obtained at the Very Large Telescope show consistent high brightness temperature anomalies, despite a diversity of aerosol properties seen in the HST data. Both WFC3 and NIRI imaging reveal depleted aerosols consistent with downwelling around the periphery of the 15°S storm, which was also observed by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. NIRI imaging of the Great Red Spot shows that locally reduced cloud opacity is responsible for dark features within the vortex. The HST data maps multiple concentric polar hoods of high-latitude hazes.
Single-pulse Detection Algorithms for Real-time Fast Radio Burst Searches Using GPUs
Authors: Adámek Karel , Armour Wesley
Published: April 2020

The detection of non-repeating or irregular events in time-domain radio astronomy has gained importance over the last decade due to the discovery of fast radio bursts. Existing or upcoming radio telescopes are gathering more and more data, and consequently, the software, which is an important part of these telescopes, must process large data volumes at high data rates. Data has to be searched through to detect new and interesting events, often in real time. These requirements necessitate new and fast algorithms that must process data quickly and accurately. In this work, we present new algorithms for single-pulse detection using boxcar filters. We have quantified the signal loss introduced by single-pulse-detection algorithms, which use boxcar filters, and based on these results, we have designed two distinct “lossy” algorithms. Our lossy algorithms use an incomplete set of boxcar filters to accelerate detection at the expense of a small reduction in detected signal power. We present formulae for signal loss, descriptions of our algorithms and their parallel implementation on NVIDIA GPUs using CUDA. We also present tests of correctness, tests on artificial data, and the performance achieved. Our implementation can process SKA-MID-like data 266× faster than real time on an NVIDIA P100 GPU and 500× faster than real time on an NVIDIA Titan V GPU with a mean signal power loss of 7%. We conclude with prospects for single-pulse detection for beyond the SKA era, nanosecond time-resolution radio astronomy.
High-resolution computed tomography enhances the diagnosis and follow-up of influenza A (H1N1) virus-associated pneumonia
Authors: Fontes Cristina AP , Dos Santos Alair Augusto SMD , De Oliveira Solange A
Published: April 2020

Introduction: We present the findings on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of influenza A (H1N1) virus-associated pneumonia of 140 patients with acute and post-acute pneumonia, totaling 189 exams in a retrospective observational study evaluating the importance of HRCT as a diagnostic imaging method in the acute phase and in the follow-up of pneumonia.

Methodology: We performed a retrospective observational study evaluating the HRCT findings of 140 adult patients with confirmed diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia and without other associated infectious processes. Chest X-ray exams were also performed in these patients.

Results: The main HRCT findings of lung involvement were airspace consolidation (57 cases), ground-glass opacities (40 cases) and an association of both aspects (43 cases), with a predominantly bilateral and peripheral distribution.

Conclusions: HRCT is able to distinguish small lesions, such as small areas of consolidation or ground glass opacities, with little increase in lung attenuation, when chest X-rays was normal, allowing a prompt diagnosis and treatment after imaging.
Melioidosis In Suspected Recurrent Tuberculosis: A disease in disguise
Authors: Garg Rahul , Shaw Tushar , Vandana Kalwaje E , Magazine Rahul , Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Melioidosis, caused by the soil saprophyte B. pseudomallei, is a ‘neglected’ infectious disease in many Asian countries. It remained undiagnosed or misdiagnosed in India for long due to a lack of awareness and facilities to diagnose the disease; however, it is slowly gaining the status of an emerging disease recently. The disease is well known as a great mimicker, as the presentations are very similar to many other tropical diseases, and more importantly, to tuberculosis .

Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted from January 2016 – December 2018 to find the occurance of melioidosis  in patients with ‘recurrent’ tuberculosis infection in a tertiary health care hospital from southern India. All suspected cases of recurrent tuberculosis were simultaneously tested for the presence of B. pseudomallei, and basic demographics and clinical details were documented.

Result: Among 11,138 patients admitted with suspected tuberculosis infection, 586 (5.2%) patients were confirmed. There was recurrent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in 11/586 (1.8%) cases, and 7/586 (1.2%) had growth of B. pseudomallei in culture. Patients with melioidosis had either pulmonary involvement, or bone and joint infections and deep abscesses.  Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was the major risk factor.

Conclusion: The study foreshadows the need for prompt and accurate microbiological diagnosis along with a high index of suspicion from the clinicians in countries which are endemic for both melioidosis and tuberculosis, thus ameliorating the irrational anti-tuberculosis treatment.
Role of orexin peptide system in emotional overeating induced by brain reward stimulation in fed rats
Authors: Lebedev Andrei A. , Bessolova Yulia N. , Efimov Nikolai S. , Bychkov Eugeny R. , Droblenkov Andrei V. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this work was to prove that the reaction of food self-deprivation in “fed up” rats is a suitable model for studying the emotional overeating in the experiment.

Methods: The self-deprivation reaction, i.e. self-isolation of an animal from food during electrical self-stimulation of the brain, was studied in animals with food deprivation. To reproduce the self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, the male Wistar rats were trained to press a pedal in a Skinner box. After training, the rats received food deprivation, then a feeder was placed in the Skinner box, and a conditioned food reflex was developed in rats within 5 days.

Results and discussion: The food self-deprivation reaction was observed in the ”satiated” rats with a current intensity of 10% and above the threshold for self-stimulation. Hungry animals pressed the pedal for hypothalamic self-stimula­tion and took no notice of the feeding trough. Sulpiride, a dopamine D2 antagonist (5 and 20 mg/kg i.p.), administered to the “satiated” rats decreased both the eating behavior and self-stimulation in food self-deprivation testing. SB-408124, an orexin A receptor antagonist (0.5 mg/ml, 20 μl intranasally) reduced only the number of pellets eaten, but not the number of pedal presses.

Conclusion: The orexin A receptors are preferably involved in emotional eating compared with orexin B (OX2R TCS-OX2-29) and D2 dopamine receptors. Because emotional eating is significantly related to clinical eating disorders, like bulimia and binge eating disorder, it seems promising to use drugs of the orexin system to treat and prevent the issue.
A new species of Leptobrachella (Anura, Megophryidae) from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Luo Tao , Xiao Ning , Gao Kai , Zhou Jiang
Published: April 2020

This study describes a new species of the genusLeptobrachella,Leptobrachella suiyangensissp. nov.from the Huoqiuba Nature Reserve, Suiyang County, Guizhou Province, China, based on morphological data and phylogenetic analyses (16S rRNA mtDNA). The new species can be distinguished from other congeners by the molecular divergence and by a combination of morphological characters, including body size, dorsal and ventral patterns, dorsal skin texture, size of the pectoral and femoral glands, degree of webbing and fringing on the toes and fingers, dorsum coloration, and iris coloration in life. Currently, the genusLeptobrachellacontains 75 species, 21 of which are found in China, including seven species reported from Guizhou Province. The uncorrected sequence divergence percentage betweenLeptobrachella suiyangensissp. nov.and all homologous DNA sequences available for the 16S rRNA gene was found to be >4.7%. The new record of the species and its relationships with others in the same genus imply that species distribution, habitat variation, environmental adaptation, and diversity of the genusLeptobrachellain southwest China need to be further investigated.
Targeted Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kim Jung Sun , Kang Eun Joo
Published: April 2020

Treatment of progressive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has advanced remarkably, due in part to the development of targeted therapies. Several gene alterations, including EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and BRAF, play important roles in carcinogenesis. Therefore, many targeted agents focusing these gene alterations have been developed and proving their therapeutic efficacies in many clinical trials. Now we should test these gene mutations and should apply treatments individually and properly to ensure the maximal survival benefit of each patient. In this review, we summarize the target genes and respective therapeutic agents in NSCLC.
Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kwon Young Joo
Published: April 2020

Osteoporosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also referred to as ‘CKD with low bone mineral density (BMD)’, because the cause of low BMD in CKD includes chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorders (CKD-MBD) such as secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, and adynamic bone disease. Diagnostic methods of osteoporosis in CKD include FRAX®, BMD, and bone turnover markers as well as CKD-MBD biochemical parameters- calcium, P, alkaline phosphatase, PTH, and 25(OH)D3. The management of osteoporosis in CKD prioritizes CKD-MBD management over selection of bone anti-resorptive agents or osteo-anabolic agents according to clinical and laboratory findings.
« Combien de mariages a fait éclore l’affaire Dreyfus ! » Mary Robinson Darmesteter et Émile Duclaux, de l’engagement partagé à la vie commune
Authors: Duclert Vincent
Published: April 2020

Née en Angleterre le 27 février 1857, poétesse et essayiste, Mary Robinson rencontra le succès littéraire à Londres au début de ses vingt ans puis vécut une expérience italienne aussi intense qu’artiste avec Violet Paget, dite Vernon Lee, avant de s’installer à Paris où elle épousa l’orientaliste de renom James Darmesteter. Veuve à trente-sept ans en 1894, soutenue dans son chagrin par la famille des Halévy, elle se rapprocha du micro-biologiste Émile Duclaux, directeur de l’Institut Pasteur, lorsque celui-ci défendit la mémoire de son défunt mari attaquée par les antidreyfusards. De leur rencontre naquit une union d’à peine six ans de vie entre une intellectuelle et un savant, que cet article étudie dans les temps de l’affaire Dreyfus, quand l’invisibilité des femmes connut une courte mais décisive éclipse.
S’aimer en politique. Les couples d’intellectuels dans la mouvance d’Action française (années 1900-1930)
Authors: Cleret Camille
Published: April 2020

Pourquoi les travaux consacrés aux couples engagés à l’extrême droite de l’échiquier politique sont-ils si rares ? Interrogeant ce déficit historiographique, cet article propose une analyse focalisée sur une formation politique et intellectuelle d’extrême droite particulièrement subversive : l’Action française (1898-1945). Après avoir situé ce mouvement dans l’histoire des droites française, la réflexion s’oriente vers une étude comparée de trois couples d’intellectuels engagés dans cette nébuleuse nationaliste des années 1900 aux années 1930. La rencontre amoureuse joue un rôle crucial dans la politisation de ces trois couples. Comparer leurs trajectoires et les formes de leur collaboration permet néanmoins de relever et d’interroger des différences de comportements vis-à-vis des normes de genre régissant alors la vie conjugale.