bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of CT and Doppler US for hepatic outflow obstruction after pediatric liver transplantation using left lobe or left lateral section grafts
Authors: Kim Pyeong Hwa , Yoon Hee Mang , Jung Ah Young , Lee Jin Seong , Cho Young Ah , Oh Seak Hee , Namgoong Jung-Man
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy and to establish computed tomography (CT) and Doppler ultrasonography (US) criteria for hepatic outflow obstruction after pediatric liver transplantation (LT) using left lobe (LL) or left lateral section (LLS) grafts.Methods: Pediatric patients who underwent LT using LL or LLS grafts between January 1999 and December 2021 were retrospectively included. The diagnostic performance of Doppler US and CT parameters for hepatic outflow obstruction was calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A diagnostic decision tree model combining the imaging parameters was developed.Results: In total, 288 patients (150 girls; median age at LT, 1.8 years [interquartile range, 0.9 to 3.6 years]) were included. Among the Doppler US parameters, venous pulsatility index (VPI) showed excellent diagnostic performance (area under the ROC curve [AUROC], 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 0.93; Youden cut-off value, 0.40). Among the CT parameters, anastomotic site diameter (AUROC, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.95; Youden cut-off, 4.2 mm) and percentage of anastomotic site stenosis (AUROC, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.92; Youden cut-off, 35%) showed excellent and good diagnostic performance, respectively. A decision tree model combining the VPI, peak systolic velocity, and percentage of anastomotic site stenosis stratified patients according to the risk of hepatic outflow obstruction.Conclusion: VPI, anastomotic site diameter, and percentage of anastomotic site stenosis were reliable imaging parameters for diagnosing hepatic outflow obstruction after pediatric LT using LL or LLS grafts.
TRANSPORTE FLUVIAL E DESAFIOS NO ACESSO À SAÚDE EM COMUNIDADES RIBEIRINHAS NAS HIDROVIAS TAPAJÓS E ARAPIUNS
Authors: Sousa Ewellyn Cristina Santos de , Cortes João Paulo Soares de
Published: February 2024

O acesso à saúde por comunidades rurais isoladas representa um grande desafio na efetivação de políticas públicas na Amazônia. Para as comunidades ribeirinhas, esse acesso é mediado pelo transporte fluvial, que apresenta diversas especificidades a serem consideradas na formulação de melhorias nas condições de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a relação entre o acesso à saúde e o transporte fluvial em comunidades ribeirinhas da Amazônia Brasileira. Foram conduzidas entrevistas com representantes de dezessete comunidades localizadas hidrovias Tapajós e Arapiuns, incluindo líderes comunitários, Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) e enfermeiros. Essas entrevistas abordaram os tipos de transporte disponíveis, os tempos de deslocamento e os períodos de espera para acesso a atendimentos de média complexidade. Foram registrados tempos de deslocamento de até 18 horas entre as comunidades e o hospital de referência. Fatores como sazonalidade, direção do deslocamento (rio acima ou rio abaixo) e tempos de espera são discutidos, pois influenciam significativamente o tempo total de deslocamento em busca de atendimento de saúde. Os resultados revelam uma situação extremamente complexa no acesso aos serviços de saúde, permitindo a discussão de possíveis melhorias nas políticas de saúde para essas comunidades ribeirinhas, considerando o contexto amazônico.
Expansão da produção de soja na microrregião do Alto pantanal/MT: conflitos e perspectivas sustentáveis
Authors: Loiola Valéria do Ó , Fabrini João Edmilson
Published: February 2024

A expansão da monocultura de soja é um fenômeno recente na microrregião do Alto Pantanal mato-grossense. Assim, este artigo objetiva analisar os principais fatores propulsores para a expansão da soja na região, identificando os conflitos que emergem dessa produção e o papel da agroecologia como estratégia de resistência frente à expansão capitalista no campo. No contexto dessa expansão, é notória a bifurcação entre agronegócio, ancorado na produção de grãos para fins de abastecimento do mercado mundial, e a agricultura camponesa, voltada à produção familiar de alimentos, inclusive agroecológica. Do ponto de vista metodológico, a abordagem envolve uma revisão bibliográfica calcada em obra de autores que tratam da questão agrária. A pesquisa e utilização de dados oficiais do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) e do INCRA (Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária) e, principalmente, de dados de trabalho de campo – entrevistas realizadas com os camponeses. A expansão da agricultura capitalista tem motivado conflitos e divergências entre agronegócio e camponeses, manifestando-se na contaminação do ar, solo e ar por agrotóxicos; desmatamento; dentre outras questões. Em meio às contradições no contexto de expansão da soja, emerge a perspectiva agroecológica adotada pelos camponeses. O recorte geográfico deste estudo é a microrregião do Alto Pantanal/MT, com destaque para os municípios de Cáceres e Poconé, que apresentam dados mais significativos da expansão deste monocultivo.
The development of a stitch-based strain sensor for woven lashing straps
Authors: Lesser Norman , Sadlowsky Bernd
Published: February 2024

In this paper the development of a stitch-based strain sensor for lashing straps is discussed. A variety of Three different commercial woven narrow fabric straps were embroidered with conductive yarns in two designed patterns to enable belt tension measurement and monitoring. The applications were tested in a cyclic elongation test and a creep elongation procedure to investigate the strain sensitivity and the influences of the narrow fabric’s properties, the stitch design, and the conductive yarn properties. It was found that the developed applications provided a good strain sensing ability but lack in cyclic recovery abilities.
Evaluation of the Success of the Watershed Rehabilitation Project in Bombana Regency Based on Cook Method’s Runoff Coefficient
Authors: Nuralamsyah Ery , Marselina Mariana
Published: February 2024

Watersheds have an important role in managing rainwater. A good watershed can provide sufficient water for the community in the dry season and does not cause flooding in the rainy season. Therefore, watershed preservation is necessary as an effort to maintain or improve its function. Rehabilitation is an effort to restore, maintain, and improve the watershed function. In this study, rehabilitation was carried out in an area of 285 ha which cuts two watersheds, Langkapa and Poleang watershed. The success of this rehabilitation can be reviewed through the runoff coefficient before and after rehabilitation. The runoff coefficient is a value that expresses the percentage of rainwater that turns into surface runoff water. That value can be an indicator of the watershed quality. The determination of the runoff coefficient in this study used the Cook Method which considers four physical parameters, land cover, slope, soil infiltration, and surface deposit/flow density. The results showed the runoff coefficient decreased after the rehabilitation from 68.54% to 65.85% which means the rehabilitation has improved the watershed quality. But those change is not significant because the rehabilitation location actually is not the priority land (critical land) that needs rehabilitation.
A Mapping Outcome Method Using Social Return on Investment (SROI) to Assess the Impacts of Program: A Case Study in Setunak Island
Authors: Suryani Retno , Budi Susilo Nugroho , Desta Ode Arinal , Silfiana Andriani , Wulansari Rina , Sila Puspita Annisa
Published: February 2024

Climate change as a global phenomenon is inevitable, including in Indonesia. Its impacts include rising sea levels, expanding coral bleaching, and declining coastal ecosystems, particularly mangrove forests and coral reefs.  Many research explores the characteristics of vulnerability to climate change in coastal cities and seeks feasible adaptation options for these cities with method used involved surveys of residents, interviews with experts, and statistical analysis and modeling. Although efforts have been made to prevent climate change, there is still a lack of research that explores the broader impacts of these efforts. In this regard, few studies have measured the social, economic, or environmental value that arises from these efforts. This study aims to evaluate, measure, and assess the impacts that have occurred as a result of the implementation of the program from environmental, economic, welfare, and social perspectives comprehensively. The result show that the SROI study results indicate that the Pulau Tahan program has positive economic, social, and environmental impacts. However, the on-field study also found a less positive fact regarding the availability of crab seedlings.
Land Tenure of Forest Fringe Communities and Their Impact on Deforestation: A Case Study in Soeharto Forest Park
Authors: Megawati Tri Furi , Semedi Bambang , Afandhi Aminudin
Published: February 2024

Soeharto Forest Park is a forest area located in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Soeharto Forest Park has an area of about 61,840 hectares and is one of the critical forest areas in Indonesia. Soeharto Forest Park primarily serves as a conservation area and nature preservation. It contains high biodiversity, including various species of flora and fauna that are protected. The research methods involve field surveys, structured interviews, and secondary data analysis. Data was collected to understand community land tenure, including tenure rights, land use, and agricultural practices. In addition, deforestation impacts are identified through mapping land cover change and vegetation density analysis. It is just that over time, the connection of the surrounding community with Soeharto Forest Park is very high. Many people use the Forest Park area to become open land. This lasted from 1957 until 2022. The total land area of Soeharto Forest Park that has been opened is 335,994 m2 or 33,6 hectares. Many communities on the outskirts of Soeharto Forest Park that cleared land and used it as settlements, plantations, and rice fields from 1957 to 2022 highlights the deforestation in land use around the area over a long period. These changes reflect social, economic, and policy dynamics that affect local communities and the surrounding environment.
The Impact of Mountain Semeru's Eruption on Groundwater Resources in the Rejali Watershed in 2021
Authors: Qurotulayun Aulia Agustin , Haribowo Riyanto , Sambah Abu Bakar
Published: February 2024

Mount Semeru is an active volcano and the highest on the island of Java with an altitude of 3726 meters above sea level (masl). The last major activity of Mount Semeru which occurred on 04 December 2021, there was an eruption or Hot Cloud Fall (GAP). According to the Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (PVMBG, 2021), the GAP in this incident was directed towards the southeast of Mount Semeru, namely Curah Kobokan with a glide distance of up to 11 km. The area affected by GAP is a small part of Malang Regency and Lumajang Regency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of groundwater resources in the Rejali watershed after the eruption of Mount Semeru in 2021. This type of research is quantitative research. All data obtained is processed using the Pollution Index (IP) method listed in the Decree of the Minister of Environment Number: 115 of 2003 concerning Guidelines for Determining Water Quality Status. The groundwater quality parameters used are pH, BOD, DO, TDS, Fe, Mn, TSS, and COD. The results of this study are, the pollution index value in segments 1-3 is moderately polluted, and in segments 4-5 is lightly polluted.
Stakeholder Pressure and Its Effect on Sustainability Report
Authors: Wahyuningrum Indah Fajarini Sri , Ihlashul’amal Muhammad , Hidayah Retnoningrum , Widhi Rizkyana Fitrarena
Published: February 2024

The quality of corporate sustainability reports in Indonesia is unfortunately found to be lacking, with a rating of only 53.6%. This is significantly lower compared to the average of other Southeast Asian countries. However, stakeholders are becoming more aware of their role in encouraging public companies to disclose sustainability information. This study intends to look at the quality of sustainability reports released by Indonesian public firms, as well as the impact of stakeholder pressure on these reports' quality. Data from annual and sustainability reports of businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2016 and 2020 are used in the research, which is based on GRI's G4 guidelines and the GRI Standards 2016. The study looks at numerous stakeholder pressures, including pressure from creditors, media exposure, the Big Four accounting firms, employees, consumers, environmentally sensitive industries, and shareholders. The results show that companies with significant media coverage typically produce sustainability reports of high quality. However, pressure from other stakeholders has not been found to have a significant impact on the quality of these reports. This study provides valuable insights into the state of sustainability reporting in Indonesia and aims to encourage stakeholders to actively participate in promoting a sustainable industry.
STUDI FENOMENA ARCHING DISCHARGE PADA ISOLATOR DENGAN KONDISI LINGKUNGAN BERPOLUTAN BERAT
Authors: Alam Aji Suryo , Syakur Abdul , Supriyadi Guntur
Published: February 2024

Salah satu peralatan yang berperan penting dalam penyaluran ketenagalistrikan adalah isolator. Fungsi dasar isolator adalah memisahkan sisi peralatan yang bertegangan dan tidak bertegangan. Isolator terpasang pada sistem transmisi dan distribusi diharapkan mampu bekerja dengan optimal, untuk menjaga keandalan penyaluran ketenagalistrikan. Tidak menutup kemungkinan isolator yang terpasang mengalami gangguan yang disebabkan karena temperatur, kelembaban dan polutan. Isolator dalam keadaan berpolutan dan dengan kondisi udara yang lembab, memungkinkan terjadi korona pada isolator. Korona yang muncul dengan frekuensi yang sering, dapat memicu terjadinya arching discharge yang berakhir dengan terjadinya kegagalan tegangan pada isolator tersebut. Pada studi ini dilakukan investigasi penyebab munculnya fenomena arching discharge isolator keramik pada Gardu Induk. Fenomena ini terjadi pada semua tipe isolator yang terpasang, baik isolator bushing, isolator gantung dan isolator tarik. Untuk mengetahui penyebab fenomena tersebut, dilakukan pengambilan data lapangan kualitas udara ambien dan polutan permukaan isolator. Polutan yang menempel pada permukaan isolator, dilakukan pengujian XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) untuk mengetahui komposisi polutan. Dari hasil pengujian XRD didapatkan, komposisi yang dominan adalah NaCl (Sodium Chloride) 39 % kemudian disusul CaSO4.2H2O (Gypsum) 28,6 %.
KLASIFIKASI SINYAL WICARA UNTUK GERAKAN KURSI RODA MENGGUNAKAN METODE JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN BACKPROPAGATION
Authors: Wisaksono Arief , Hindarto Hindarto , Efiyanti Ade , Ahfas Ahmad
Published: February 2024

Kursi Roda yang dikendalikan oleh sinyal wicara adalah teknologi bantuan yang inovatif dirancang untuk meningkatkan mobilitas dan kemandirian penyandang disabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkalsifikasi sinyal wicara yang digunakan untuk Gerakan kursi roda yang dapat dioperasikan menggunakan perintah suara. Ada lima jenis data perintah wicara yang harus dikenali yaitu maju, mundur, kiri, kanan, dan berhenti. Terdapat beberapa ekstrasi fitur yang digunakan, yaitu menggunakan metode FFT dengan mengambil nilai energi rata-rata, dan menggunakan metode DWT dengan mengambil nilai subband energi dan nilai zero crossing threshold. Proses klasifikasi yang digunakan menggunakan metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Backpropagation. Penelitian yang diujikan menggunakan metode Jringn Syaraf Tiruan menghasilkan tingkat akurasi yang lebih baik dengan menggunakan hidden layer 2 dan hidden layer 3. Hasil akurasi yang didapatkan sebesar 100% untuk proses pelatihan dan 100% untuk proses pengujian
Komunikatywno-pragmatyczne podejście do badania zagadnień składni ekspresyjnej (na materiale rozdrobnionych struktur powieści Marii Matios "Bukowa kraina")
Authors: Marczuk Ludmiła
Published: February 2024

W artykule zostaje poddane analizie zjawisko parcelacji w tekście powieści Marii Matios Kraina bukowa. Sens badań polega na rozważeniu parcelacji jako charakterystycznej cechy indywidualnego stylu pisarki. Parcelacja jest rozpatrywana z punktu widzenia strukturalno-kompozycyjnego, semantyczno-znaczeniowego, intencjonalno-pragmatycznego. Stosowanie figur parcelacyjnych przyczynia się do zwiększenia nasycenia informacyjnego tekstu artystycznego, podkreśla również wyrazistość wypowiedzi. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie komunikatywnego i pragmatycznego podejścia do badania tego zjawiska. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły, że konstrukcje rozparcelowane w twórczości artystycznej współczesnych powieściopisarzy ukraińskich mają orientację komunikacyjną i pragmatyczną. Główną funkcją badanych figur w tekście literackim jest selekcja logiczna, często połączona z funkcjami pomocniczymi: wyklarowaniem, konkretyzacją, aktualizacją myśli, wyrażaniem znaczeń modalnych.
Obrazy nieba i ciał niebieskich w nowelistyce Wasyla Tkaczuka
Authors: Horniatko-Szumiłowicz Anna
Published: February 2024

Obrazy nieba i ciał niebieskich – słońca, księżyca, gwiazd – odgrywają w twórczości mało zbadanego ukraińskiego nowelisty lat 30. XX w. Wasyla Tkaczuka istotną rolę i są efektem wykorzystania przez pisarza zarówno pierwiastków ludowo-poetyckich, jak i tych indywidualnych, autorskich. Przede wszystkim, wizerunki nieba, słońca, księżyca i gwiazd w krótkiej prozie Tkaczuka stanowią nieodłączny element krajobrazu Huculszczyzny i Pokucia, funkcjonują jako komponenty huculskiego dyskursu krajobrazowego, ale też jako część bezkresnej przestrzeni kosmicznej. Nowelista jawi się tu jako mistrz kreślenia malowniczych krajobrazów Huculszczyzny i Pokucia, gdzie się urodził i wychował. Ponadto przestrzeń niebieska w utworach Tkaczuka jest nieodłącznym pierwiastkiem życia karpackich górali, jej elementy towarzyszą bohaterom w codziennych radościach i smutkach, a zatem stanowią integralną część ich egzystencji i wierzeń. Obrazy nieba i ciał niebieskich są wreszcie czynnikiem fabułotwórczym, a więc ważnym elementem konstrukcji poszczególnych utworów. Tradycyjnie dla tego nowelisty na szczególną uwagę zasługują niezwykle oryginalne, spersonifikowane obrazy, zantropomorfizowane porównania i autorskie metafory, w skład których wchodzą analizowane wizerunki nieba, słońca, księżyca i gwiazd. Poszczególne wizerunki przestrzeni niebieskiej w utworach Tkaczuka wpisują się, obok analizowanych wcześniej obrazów (konceptów) „cziczki”, „wiatru” i „burzy”, w niezwykle oryginalną tradycję dyskursu nowelistycznego słusznie określanego jeszcze przez współczesnych Tkaczukowi krytyków mianem poezji w prozie. Są również składnikami konceptualnego modelu świata nowelisty, współtworzą bliską mu filozofię przyrody, potwierdzają jego głęboki szacunek, przywiązanie i niekłamaną miłość do Huculszczyzny, Pokucia i ojczystej Ukrainy.
Variations in tumor growth, intra-individual biological variability, and the interpretation of changes
Authors: Trapé Jaume , Bérgamo Silvia , González-Fernández Carolina , Rives José , González-García Laura
Published: February 2024

Objectives

The identification of changes in tumor markers (TMs) in cancer patients that indicate response to treatment, stabilization or disease progression is a challenge for laboratory medicine. Several approaches have been proposed: assessing percentage increases, applying discriminant values, and estimating half-life (t1/2) or doubling time (DT). In all of them it is assumed that the TM is a surrogate of the variation in tumor size. In general this variation is time-dependent, but this is not the case of intraindividual biological variability (CVi), which can range from 6 % in CA15-3 to 22 % in CA125. When decisions are made on the basis of DT or t1/2, these values can be affected by the CVi; if it is very large, the growth rate very slow and the period of time between determinations very short, the result obtained for DT may be due mainly to the CVi. The aim of this study is to establish the relationship between the CVi and temporal variables.

Methods

We related equations for calculating DT and t1/2 to the reference change values in tumor markers.

Results

The application of the formula obtained allows the calculation of the optimal time between measurements to ensure that the influence of the CVi is minimal in different types of tumors and different scenarios.

Conclusions

Intraindividual variation affects the calculation of DT and t1/2. It is necessary to establish the minimum time between two measurements to ensure that the CVi does not affect their calculation or lead to misinterpretation.
Hybrid optimization strategy for water cooling system: enhancement of photovoltaic panels performance
Authors: Singh Vijay Pal , Arya Sandeep Kumar , Shankar Ajay
Published: February 2024

Solar energy is the most effective substitute for fossil fuels when it comes to Produce electricity among the numerous renewable energy sources. The efficiency may drop as a result of overheating, and the PV cell may also be harmed. Therefore, increasing the output of a solar PV system at a lower cost is essential to improving its efficiency. Additionally, by using cooling methods, the PV cells’ lifetime is extended. By lowering the working temperature of a PV panel’s surface, you may increase efficiency and slow the thermal deterioration rate. This may be done by module cooling and lowering the heat that the PV cells generate while operating. Hence, an active cooling technology known as optimization-aided water spraying technique is employed to increase efficiency. This method enables the PV panels to provide their maximum output power while taking less time to drop down to a lower surface temperature. Beluga Whale assisted Jellyfish Optimization (BWJO) model is suggested as a means of achieving these goals. Finally, Simulink/MATLAB is used to implement the suggested method and optimize the PV system cooling. The performances of the two components were compared using a variety of metrics.
The (Vi)Kings’ Saga: Mixed Modality as the Key to the Construction of Meaning in Jómsvíkinga saga
Authors: Korecká Lucie
Published: February 2024

The objective of this article is to analyse the narrative functions of mixed modality in Jómsvíkinga saga, a text that combines elements of different saga genres, primarily the kings’ sagas and the legendary sagas. It is argued here that the mixed modality is not a sign of the early saga’s imperfection, but it serves as a narrative device that contributes to the saga’s capacity to indirectly express commentary on social issues that were current at the time of the saga’s composition.
Crash performance of a novel bio-inspired energy absorber produced by additive manufacturing using PLA and ABS materials
Authors: Erdaş Mehmet Umut , Yildiz Betül Sultan , Yildiz Ali Rıza
Published: February 2024

Thin-walled structures are one of the important safety components used in vehicles. They are placed in the front parts of the vehicles to minimize the impacts that occur in the event of a collision, and they absorb the impact force by changing shape in the event of a collision. Crash boxes have high-impact absorption, low weight, and low-cost expectations. In the design of crash boxes, thin-walled structures are preferred due to their high deformation capability. In this study, the additive manufacturing method was used to produce thin-walled structures. Thin-walled structures were produced by additive manufacturing methods using PLA and ABS materials. The manufactured crash boxes were tested using an impact test. In the experimental results, the energy absorption ability of the crash boxes produced from PLA and ABS materials was examined, and high fragility was observed. The experimental results were verified by finite element analysis of the crash boxes made using PLA and ABS materials.
The crystal structure of [hexaaquamagnesium(II)] 4-[(pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-phthalate trihydrate, C14H26N2O14Mg
Authors: Fan-Yuan Kong , Xiang-Yan Kong , Xiao-Ru Pan , Xi-Shi Tai
Published: February 2024

C14H26N2O14Mg, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.0646(2) Å, b = 8.5008(2) Å, c = 17.2402(2) Å, α = 86.230(2)°, β = 81.415(2)°, γ = 82.768(2)°, V = 1014.45(4) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0340, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0904, T = 216(40) K.
Crystal structure of 1-(p-tolylphenyl)-4-(2-furoyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol, C16H14N2O3
Authors: Wu Qiong , Huang Zhen-Yu , Liu Yun-Xin , Zhang Heng-Qiang , Jin Tong-Yin , Xue Yu-Na , Liu Chang
Published: February 2024

C16H14N2O3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 4.9621(10) Å, b = 11.828(2) Å, c = 23.727(5) Å, β = 94.527(4)°, V = 1388.2(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0551, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1847, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of tris(tetra-n-butylammonium) hexanitrato-κ2O,O′-lanthanium(III) C48H108N9O18La
Authors: Xi-Shi Tai
Published: February 2024

C48H108N9O18La, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 16.5000(10) Å, b = 22.5924(14) Å, c = 17.4287(10) Å, β = 90.875(5)°, V = 6496.2(7) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0716, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1706, T = 100 K.
The effects of synthetic and physical factors on the properties of poly(acrylic acid)-based hydrogels synthesized by precipitation polymerization technique: a review
Authors: Farqarazi Sahar , Khorasani Manouchehr
Published: February 2024

The polymer obtained from hydrophilic monomers can be transformed into a hydrogel via cross-linking by different cross-linkers. Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks that can absorb several times their weight and swell in water/swelling media, improving the media’s viscosity as a thickener. The cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) microparticles prepared via precipitation polymerization technique are often synthesized by radical polymerization and have carboxylic functional groups in their structure, which make the hydrogel properties such as swelling capacity, particle morphology, and viscosity be controlled by physical factors such as solvent, neutralizer, pH, pK

a
, zeta potential, and ionic strength of the swelling media, as well as synthetic factors including comonomer, cross-linker, and network type. In this paper, the effects of crucial factors on the synthetic and swelling steps are elaborated to facilitate the achievement of poly(acrylic acid)-based xerogels having desirable rheological properties, such as swelling/viscosity optimization, which is the primary purpose of a thickener in any swelling media.
Eco, Riffaterre, and a poem by Baudelaire
Authors: Hopkins John A. F.
Published: February 2024

In Eco’s work between around 1960 and 1992, “openness” in a modern literary text can mean (a) “permitting more than one interpretation,” and (b) “requiring a good deal of decoding work from the reader,” which is close to my own position. These two aspects of openness are demonstrated using Baudelaire’s Les Chats, in regard to which Eco denies that the text may be cristallin in Lévi-Strauss’s sense, while still requiring constructive effort from the reader. It is apparent that this term is equivalent to Riffaterreʼs textual “monumentality.” Eco does not go into detail about the reader’s work in assembling the text’s global propositional structure. It is left to Riffaterre and myself to detail the various stages of this work, involving comparison of images in order to discover their common underlying generative proposition. In contrast to Riffaterre, I have long suggested that the modern poetic text is built on two such propositions. It is at the stage of relations between text and sociolect that Eco contributes much to modern poetics. Openness (b) seems to be a prerequisite for perceptual change in the reader, produced by contrast between textual structure and its sociolectic context. Riffaterre prefers to remain within the text/intertext/interpretant triad, preventing him from describing the text-sociolect relation, where the propositional innovation of the modernist text takes effect.
Egy afrikai hangszer hódító útja a nagyvilágban – alapismeretek az általánosan sanza névvel illetett pengető alkalmatosságról
Authors: Biernaczky Szilárd
Published: February 2024

Az általánosan sanza illetett hangszert pontatlan megnevezéssel az afrikaiak zongorájának is nevezik. Ez a sajátos zenei instrumentum napjainkra igen népszerűvé vált világszerte, számos nem-afrikai környezetben is felbukkant a használata. Jelen tanulmány részben a hangszer leírását, használatát ismerteti. Másrészt néhány olyan forrást vesz számba, amelyek több évszázados múltját, használatát igazolják, másrészt kevéssé ismert zenetörténeti és zeneelméleti tényeket hordoznak. Az elemzés végül kitér a zenei eszköz kísérő hangszerként való használatával összefüggésben a szóbeli hagyományokhoz való kötődésére is. A feltárt tényeket vagy a megfogalmazott állításokat a szerző kottapéldákkal is alátámasztja.
Contemporary archaeological perspectives on intersectional inequality in a welfare state in twentieth-century Finland
Authors: Seitsonen Oula , Matila Tuuli , Hyttinen Marika , Kelloniemi Aleksi
Published: February 2024

Social inequalities and marginality often go unrecognised in the Nordic welfare states. This project examines the effects of neoliberalism and intersectional inequality in Finland from a contemporary archaeology perspective; the case study is a Second World War German military camp turned into a working-class community occupied until the 1980s.
The Turning and Variation of the Secularization of Confucian Principle: Taiwan Zhenwen Acadmy (1791~1956) as the Center of Discussion
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Wu Chin-An , Li Fang-Yu
Published: February 2024

The value orientation of Confucianism is divided into “Sanctification” and “Secularization”. The “Saint” is the paradigm of the Confucian ideal world, and the “Gentleman” is the personality type of the Confucian moral practice. From 1683 to 1895, this ideal type always became to a formal Confucianism education. After the Japanese colonized Taiwan in 1895, the Confucianism of the Shuyuan (書院) was compressed and the wisdom of the Shuyuan was interruption. In the case of Taiwan's Zhenwen College, for example, we can see how secularized Confucianism maneuvered in a narrow space, transforming from the Wenchang Faith to the teaching of Confucianism in Luantang, leaving a piece of pure ground for Confucian doctrine, but it also had its contribution of religious humanism.

儒家義理之價值導向有｢聖化｣與｢俗化｣之分, ｢聖人｣是儒家理想世界的典範, ⽽｢君子｣ 是儒家道德實踐的人格理型, 此種理念雖過千年仍不墜. 臺灣自康熙22年(1683)正式納入 清朝版圖, 儒學義理亦隨著制度化的設計⽽進入臺灣, 在府, 縣儒學, 義學及書院進⾏儒學 教育. 1895年清朝割讓臺灣, 使得書院的儒學受到壓縮⽽慧命不續, 在殖⺠地之下, 如何 推展儒學形成一個巨大的挑戰, 身居大傳統地位的知識份子即以權變的方式, 為儒學的傳 播找到存續的方式, 因⽽有轉折與變異, 即以臺灣振文書院為例, 可以看到大⼩傳統在狹 窄空間中的周旋, 從文昌信仰到鸞堂的俗世化儒學教化的轉型, 為儒學義理留下一塊淨⼟, ⽽有其｢文人性儒教｣與｢宗教性儒教｣的貢獻.
Current status and characteristics of Seowon in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do since 1871
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Lee Kyung-dong
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to understand the regional characteristics of the current status of seowon (included in shrine) that existed in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do after the nationwide seowon demoliton by the king in 1871.
Throughout the Joseon Dynasty, 69 seowon were built in Gyeonggi-do and 39 in Gangwon-do. All but 15 seowon were abolished in 1871. The 15 original seowon continued to exist during the Japanese colonial period and various activities, including ritual rites, can be confirmed. However, they were mostly destroy ed during the Korean War in 1950, and only some of them were restored.
Among the abolished seowon, 18 were restored. Continuous restoration took place from the 20th to the 21st century. Looking at the overall trend, restoration began in earnest after 1945, and restoration was promoted centered on the descendants of the deceased and the local government where the seowon was located. The main purpose of Seowon's restoration is regular ritual rites in spring and fall.
Some seowon were newly established, or those that existed in other regions were rebuilt in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do. Among these, Nokdong-Seowon (⿅洞書院) was built for educational purposes in the process of Confucianism transforming into a modern religion. Yonggang- seowon (⿓江書院) and Moonhun-seowon (文憲書院) originally existed in North Korea, but was restored in Gyeonggi-do by the descendants of the deceased due to difficulties in access due to division of the country.
Currently, seowon in the Gyeonggi and Gangwon regions are continuing their activities centered on ritual rites. In addition, seowon members are conducting publishing activities related to the seowon and promotion programs operated based on the Cultural Heritage Administration and government resources. In particular, in the case of promotion programs, attention needs to be paid to the fact that they inherit the tradition of seowon and spread it among the general public.
A study on the trend and characteristics of Seowon’ reconstruction in the Chungcheong region
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Hong Je Yeon
Published: February 2024

This study is about the aspects of demolition and reconstruction of Seowon that currently exists in the Chungcheong region(South Chungcheong Province, North Chungcheong Province, Daejeon Metropolitan City, and Sejong Special City).
In the materials related to Seowon created by the government during the Choseon Dynasty, it is recorded that there were 107 Seowons and Confucius in the Chungcheong region, and 44 of them received Saek(賜額).
However, looking at the records created during the policy of abolishing seowon , it was foun d that there were man y more seowon .
After the reign of King Injo, the establishment of Confucian academies was regulated, and Confucian academies were demolished on a large scale during the reigns of Sukjong, Yeongjo, and Gojong, leaving only five Seowons in the Chungcheong region.
Afterwards, the first discussion in Korea took place demanding the restoration of Hwayang Seowon in Cheongju. It was 1874, just three years after it was demolished. However, due to the symbolism of Hwayang Seowon, the state did not allow its reproduction.
Now, the Con fucian class just wan ted a space to worship their an cestors. They just build a Dan(壇, altar) or held Ancestaral Rites in pavilion or seodang. Additionally, 8 rebuilding of previous seowon can check in 1910.
During the Japanese colonial period, Twenty-two seowons were rebuilt, and new seowons also appeared. In most cases, it was created under the initiative of the family. Uniquely, the ‘Asan Hyeonchungsa’ dedicated to Admiral Yi Sun-Shin(李舜⾂), was re-opened by the press through a campaign to re-open it. After liberation, Forty-Four seowons were reestablished. However, it was not reproduced in its original form.
Recently, there is a tendency for local governments to designate Seowon as a cultural asset or carry out a project to transform it into a sanctuary and use it as a tourist facility.
Trends in the Korean Empire after the Outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War and the “Jinwidae Incident” in Gongju
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Kim Soyoung
Published: February 2024

After the start of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, as Japanese troops were stationed throughout the Korean Peninsula, and more Japanese were employed in the military operation and railway construction, clashes between Koreans and Japanese occurred frequently. Most of the incidents were caused by Japanese domination or criminal acts such as theft, assault, and murder. In order to conduct the war efficiently, Japan monitored public sentiment and trends in Korea. While the Japanese often blamed Koreans for conflicts between Korean and Japanese, they recognised that the number of thefts, assaults, and murders committed by Japanese, and anti-Japanese sentiment was growing among Koreans. Japan attempted to maintain “security” by increasing the number of police stations or dispatching Japanese garrison to areas where conflict was common.
The “Jinwidae(鎭衛隊) Incident” in Gongju, Chungcheongnam-do, in September 1904, was similar in nature to incidents elsewhere at the time. In this case, a Korean and a Japanese resident of Gongju, Kan Shintaro, assaulted each other over a minor argument, resulting in minor injuries and damage. However, Japan used the fact that the Koreans involved were soldiers in the Gongju provincial army, Jinwidae and Korean government’s failure to act quickly as a pretext for military intervention. Immediately after the incident, Japan dispatched the Japanese garrison to arrest the soldiers and bring them to Seoul. The Korean government was concerned that the dispatch of Japanese troops would stir up public atmosphere in the Gongju area, and protested to Japan that the Japanese troops' arrest of the Jinwidae soldiers was an act that damaged Korea's national integrity, and engaged in diplomatic negotiations to calm the situation. For the next three months, Korea and Japan argued over the issue of punishment and compensation, but the two sides settled on punishing the Jinwidae soldiers involved in the incident and paying compensation.
In order to bring Korea under Japanese power, Japan was pursuing a plan to not only win the war militarily, but also to reduce and eventually disband the Korean Army, making it completely dependent on Japanese military power. As Japan was movin g forward with these plan s, an in ciden t in volvin g a Jinwidae soldier in Gongju occurred, and regardless of the nature of the incident, which was a private quarrel and assault between two individuals, Japan responded militarily, spinning it as a demonstration of the “uselessness” of the Korean army.
A Study on the Recognition of the Twelve Zodiac Animal Deities and Tomb Guardians of Silla with Stone Chamber Tombs with Corridor Entrances
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Kim su-min
Published: February 2024

A stone chamber tomb with corridor entrances is a burial system which was very popular in ancient East Asia and was also employed as a burial system for the ruling class in the Silla dynasty. The appearance of talismanic exquisite instruments as burial accessories is assumed to be related to changes in the Silla burial system. As the Silla wooden chamber with stone mound are a stone-lined pit, they have a one-time closed structure. However, the with talismanic exquisite instruments to prevent intrusion from outside, such as tomb theft, tomb damage, or invisible evil spirits. The Silla dynasty would have employed a new type of burial system known as a stone chamber tomb and these associated exquisite instruments as well. In the case of with Now that the Silla dynasty did not adopt mural paintings for most of the stone chamber tombs, the vestiges of tomb guardians are hardly found unlike the mural pain tin gs of However, a dragon which is on e of the twelve zodiac an imal deities and defense deity appears as a tomb guardian in the Silla stone chamber tomb. The twelve zodiac animal deities were placed along with other clay figures inside the tomb chamber in the early period but gradually buried outside the tomb chamber and changed into ornaments of stone circles around the tomb. The twelve zodiac animal deities of Silla wore ordinary clothes or armors and bore weapons as features, which suggests that the twelve zodiac animal deities were used as gatekeepers, tomb guardians, in the stone chamber tombs of Silla.
A Study on the Types of New Year's Cards and the Culture of New Year in the Joseon and Modern Period
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Kim Youjin
Published: February 2024

This paper studied the New Year's card(年賀狀, Yeonhajang), one of the representative customs of Lunar New Year. The New Year's card is a writing expression of New Year's blessings in accordance with a certain style, and it is a culture that contains the linguistic thinking of Koreans who consider the language itself to have divine power. The hajeon(賀箋) presented to the king from Jeongjo Harye(正朝賀禮) during the Joseon Dynasty can also be said to be a New Year's card of this era. First, how to write a hajeon is written in the order of (1)a story about nature and the season, (2)a content that praises the king, and (3)a concluding word that celebrates the new year. Documents posted by officials or low-ranking people to their superiors show a similar structure. In addition, sending a New Year's card appears to be a major annual event in the execution of public affairs. Next, the document life style and Lunar New Year holiday customs, which became common in the late Joseon Dynasty, were also dealt with lightly. In addition, the relatively common New Year's greeting customs, Seham(歲銜)and Munanbi (問安婢) were reviewed.
The documents containing New Year's greetings in the next modern period focused on a collection of letters and practical book. In these popular books, it was confirmed that the pre-modern method continued to affect moderntimes. However, through the scope of sending and receiving letters, the expanded social network could be identified, and there were parts that could capture fragmentary but new changes in the times. The Lunar New Year custom that attracts attention in the modern period is the appearance of “Yeonhajang”. With the introduction of the postal system, the custom of sending greeting cards begins to revitalize. In addition, the New Year's greeting “謹賀新年(Happy New Year)” is also a new term that emerges in modern times. 謹賀新年 a short phrase used in Japanese 年賀狀, later flowed into Joseon and began to become popular as a phrase representing New Year's celebrations.
A Higher Kick Frequency Swimming Training Program Optimizes Swim-to-Cycle Transition in Triathlon
Authors: Ambrosini Luca , Presta Valentina , Vitale Marco , Menegatti Erica , Guarnieri Alessandro , Bianchi Valentina , De Munari Ilaria , Condello Giancarlo , Gobbi Giuliana
Published: February 2024

Ambrosini, L, Presta, V, Vitale, M, Menegatti, E, Guarnieri, A, Bianchi, V, De Munari, I, Condello, G, and Gobbi, G. A higher kick frequency swimming training program optimizes swim-to-cycle transition in triathlon. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 976–984, 2024—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an 8-week swimming training program on biomechanical and physiological responses during a swim-to-cycle simulation. Fifteen triathletes were randomly allocated to 3 groups: a 6-beat-kick group (K6), a 4-beat-kick group (K4), and a control group (CG). Biomechanical and physiological parameters were evaluated during a 400-m swim and a 10-minute cycle segment before (Pretraining) and after (Posttraining) the program. A lower stroke frequency (p = 0.004) and a higher stroke length (p = 0.002) was found in K6 compared with CG at Posttraining. A reduction in the K6 emerged between Pretraining and Posttraining during cycling for heart rate (p = 0.005), V̇O2 (p = 0.014), and energy expenditure (p = 0.008). A positive association emerged between swim kick index and cycling cadence in the K6 group. The improvement in stroke frequency and length observed in the K6 group could be explained as an improvement in swimming technique. Similarly, the reduction in energy expenditure during cycling at Posttraining for the K6 group suggests an improvement in the working economy. Triathlon coaches and athletes should consider the inclusion of high swim kick into their training programs to enhance swim and cycling performance, which can ultimately lead to an improvement in the swim-to-cycle transition and the overall triathlon performance.
The Relationship Between Cell-Free DNA and Resistance Training Volume Load
Authors: Lang Henry M. , Duffourc Michelle M. , Bazyler Caleb D. , Ramsey Michael W. , Gentles Jeremy A.
Published: February 2024

Lang, HM, Duffourc, MM, Bazyler, CD, Ramsey, MW, and Gentles, JA. The relationship between cell-free DNA and resistance training volume load. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1008–1012, 2024—The primary purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity of cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) to different resistance training volume loads. The secondary purpose was to examine the relationship between change in cf-DNA and relative strength. Researchers hypothesized that (a) cf-DNA concentrations would increase with increasing volume load and (b) increases in relative strength would result in predicted decreases to %Δ of cf-DNA. Thirty subjects were recruited for this study, 15 men and 15 women. Blood was collected through venous draws into 4-ml vacutainers at 3 time points: immediately before (T1), after 3 sets (T2), and after 6 sets (T3) of the back squat exercise. A critical alpha of 0.05 was set for inferential statistics. A repeated-measures ANOVA showed that cf-DNA increased significantly from T1 (407.72 ± 320.83) to T2 (1,244.6 ± 875.83) (p < 0.01) and T1 (407.72 ± 320.83) to T3 (1,331.15 ± 1,141.66) (p < 0.01), whereas no difference was found from T2 to T3 (p = 1.00). The linear regression model used to examine the predictive capabilities relative strength had on cf-DNA %Δ from T1 to T3 was found to be significant (p = 0.04; R
2 = 0.15). The results of this study demonstrate the short response of cf-DNA in relation to variations in resistance training volume load. Results also demonstrated the positive relationship between relative strength and cf-DNA %Δ. The current study builds on the body of research that cf-DNA provides insight regarding the level of immune response after exercise training.