bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of acoustic-electric interaction for neuro-muscular activity mapping: A review
Authors: Helgason Thordur , Gunnlaugsdottir Kristin Inga
Published: November 2015

Acousto-electric interaction signal (AEI signal) resulting from interaction of acoustic pressure wave and electrical current field has received recent attention in biomedical field for detection and registration of bioelectrical current. The signal is very of small value and brings about several challenges when detecting it. Several observations has been done in saline solution and on nerves and tissues under controlled condition that give optimistic indication about its utilization. Ultrasound Current Source Density Imaging (UCSDI) has been introduced, that uses the AEI signal to image the current distribution. This review provides an overview of the investigations on the AEI signal and USCDI imaging that has been made, their results and several considerations on the limitations and future possibilities on using the acousto-electric interaction signal.
Imaging approaches in functional assessment of implantable myogenic biomaterials and engineered muscle tissue
Authors: Edmunds Kyle J. , Gargiulo Paolo
Published: November 2015

The fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine utilize implantable biomaterials and engineered tissues to regenerate damaged cells or replace lost tissues. There are distinct challenges in all facets of this research, but functional assessments and monitoring of such complex environments as muscle tissues present the current strategic priority. Many extant methods for addressing these questions result in the destruction or alteration of tissues or cell populations under investigation. Modern advances in non-invasive imaging modalities present opportunities to rethink some of the anachronistic methods, however, their standard employment may not be optimal when considering advancements in myology. New image analysis protocols and/or combinations of established modalities need to be addressed. This review focuses on efficacies and limitations of available imaging modalities to the functional assessment of implantable myogenic biomaterials and engineered muscle tissues.
Mitochondria association to Calcium Release Units is controlled by age and muscle activity
Authors: Protasi Feliciano
Published: November 2015

Not available.
Effects of weather and landscape on the equine West Nile virus infection risk in Mississippi, USA
Authors: Wang Guiming
Published: November 2015

The West Nile virus (WNv) continues to be a public health concern in North America. Dry weather appears to increase human WNv infection risks, but it is uncertain whether dry weather conditions exert similar effects on the corresponding equine WNv infection. This study assessed the effects of precipitation of the previous year and land cover diversity on the equine WNv risk of Mississippi, USA, at the county level in the year 2002 using Bayesian hierarchical models. The risk estimated for 2002 was found to be inversely related to annual precipitation of the preceding year. Equine WNv risks were lower with greater land cover diversity probably due to the diluting effects of biodiversity. Correlation between the equine and human WNv risks was positive but relatively low. Dry weather conditions of the previous year might reduce mosquito competitors and predators and subsequently increase mosquito abundances and equine WNv risks in agricultural areas with low biodiversity.
The food environment and adult obesity in US metropolitan areas
Authors: Michimi Akihiko , Wimberly Michael C.
Published: November 2015

This research examines the larger-scale associations between obesity and food environments in metropolitan areas in the United States (US). The US Census County Business Patterns dataset for 2011 was used to construct various indices of food environments for selected metropolitan areas. The numbers of employees engaged in supermarkets, convenience stores, full service restaurants, fast food restaurants, and snack/coffee shops were standardised using the location quotients, and factor analysis was used to produce two uncorrelated factors measuring food environments. Data on obesity were obtained from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Individual level obesity measures were linked to the metropolitan area level food environment factors. Models were fitted using generalised estimating equations to control for metropolitan area level intra-correlation and individual level sociodemographic characteristics. It was found that adults residing in cities with a large share of supermarket and full-service restaurant workers were less likely to be obese, while adults residing in cities with a large share of convenience store and fast food restaurant workers were more likely to be obese. Supermarkets and full-service restaurant workers are concentrated in the Northeast and West of the US, where obesity prevalence is relatively lower, while convenience stores and fast-food restaurant workers are concentrated in the South and Midwest, where obesity prevalence is relatively higher. The food environment landscapes measured at the metropolitan area level explain the continental-scale patterns of obesity prevalence. The types of food that are readily available and widely served may translate into obesity disparities across metropolitan areas.
Associations between seasonal influenza and meteorological parameters in Costa Rica, Honduras and Nicaragua
Authors: Soebiyanto Radina P. , Clara Wilfrido A. , Jara Jorge , Balmaseda Angel , Lara Jenny , Lopez Moya Mariel , Palekar Rakhee , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Azziz-Baumgartner Eduardo , Kiang Richard K.
Published: November 2015

Seasonal influenza affects a considerable proportion of the global population each year. We assessed the association between subnational influenza activity and temperature, specific humidity and rainfall in three Central America countries, i.e. Costa Rica, Honduras and Nicaragua. Using virologic data from each country’s national influenza centre, rainfall from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and air temperature and specific humidity data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System, we applied logistic regression methods for each of the five sub-national locations studied. Influenza activity was represented by the weekly proportion of respiratory specimens that tested positive for influenza. The models were adjusted for the potentially confounding co-circulating respiratory viruses, seasonality and previous weeks’ influenza activity. We found that influenza activity was proportionally associated (P<0.05) with specific humidity in all locations [odds ratio (OR) 1.21-1.56 per g/kg], while associations with temperature (OR 0.69-0.81 per °C) and rainfall (OR 1.01-1.06 per mm/day) were location-dependent. Among the meteorological parameters, specific humidity had the highest contribution (~3-15%) to the model in all but one location. As model validation, we estimated influenza activity for periods, in which the data was not used in training the models. The correlation coefficients between the estimates and the observed were ≤0.1 in 2 locations and between 0.6-0.86 in three others. In conclusion, our study revealed a proportional association between influenza activity and specific humidity in selected areas from the three Central America countries.
Human infections and co-infections with helminths in a rural population in Guichi, Anhui Province, China
Authors: Hu Yi , Li Rui , Ward Michael P. , Chen Yue , Lynn Henry , Wang Decheng , Chen Gengxin , He Zonggui , Sun Liqian , Xiong Chenglong , Zhang Zhijie , Jiang Qingwu
Published: November 2015

Helminth infections are believed to be common in tropical and subtropical countries. A cross-sectional study was carried out in two villages located in Guichi District in Anhui Province, the People’s Republic of China, where multiparasitism was investigated using parasitological tests. The data collected were fitted to Bayesian multi-level models to profile risk factors for helminth infections. The prevalence of Schistosoma (S.) japonicum, Ascaris (A.) lumbricoides and Trichuris (T.) trichiura were 0.43% (range: 0-0.87% at the village level), 2.28% (range: 1.69-2.88%), and 0.21% (range: 0-0.42%), respectively. No hookworm infection was found. With regard to multiparasitism, only a 33-year-old female was found to be co-infected with S. japonicum and A. lumbricoides. Multiparasitism was unexpectedly rare in the study area, which contrasts with results from other studies carried out elsewhere in the country. The long-term usage of albendazole for individuals serologically positive for schistosomiasis may be the main reason, but this needs to be confirmed by future studies.
A topological multilayer model of the human body
Authors: Barbeito Antonio , Painho Marco , Cabral Pedro , O'Neill João
Published: November 2015

Geographical information systems deal with spatial databases in which topological models are described with alphanumeric information. Its graphical interfaces implement the multilayer concept and provide powerful interaction tools. In this study, we apply these concepts to the human body creating a representation that would allow an interactive, precise, and detailed anatomical study. A vector surface component of the human body is built using a three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction methodology. This multilayer concept is implemented by associating raster components with the corresponding vector surfaces, which include neighbourhood topology enabling spatial analysis. A root mean square error of 0.18 mm validated the threedimensional reconstruction technique of internal anatomical structures. The expansion of the identification and the development of a neighbourhood analysis function are the new tools provided in this model.
The dog and cat population on Maio Island, Cape Verde: characterisation and prediction based on household survey and remotely sensed imagery
Authors: Lopes Antunes Ana Carolina , Ducheyne Els , Bryssinckx Ward , Vieira Sara , Malta Manuel , Vaz Yolanda , Nunes Telmo , Mintiens Koen
Published: November 2015

The objective was to estimate and characterise the dog and cat population on Maio Island, Cape Verde. Remotely sensed imagery was used to document the number of houses across the island and a household survey was carried out in six administrative areas recording the location of each animal using a global positioning system instrument. Linear statistical models were applied to predict the dog and cat populations based on the number of houses found and according to various levels of data aggregation. In the surveyed localities, a total of 457 dogs and 306 cats were found. The majority of animals had owners and only a few had free access to outdoor activities. The estimated population size was 531 dogs [95% confidence interval (CI): 453-609] and 354 cats (95% CI: 275-431). Stray animals were not a concern on the island in contrast to the rest of the country
Osteophytes may be a rare cause of recurrent pleural effusions
Authors: Psathakis K. , Skouras V. , Chatzivassiloglou F. , Tsintiris K.
Published: November 2015

We report a rare case of a 59 year-old female, who was admitted to the hospital because of a recurrent right-sided pleural effusion. The initial work-up was non-diagnostic. The diagnosis was finally confirmed following medical thoracoscopy, where an osteophyte of a rib was found to protrude sharply into the thoracic cavity. Chronic inflammatory changes of the pleura suggested mechanical irritation due to long lasting friction between this bony structure and the underlying lung. This is the first report where an osteophyte seems to be implicated in pleural pathology. A brief review of the available data from the literature is presented to further support our results.
Extralobar pulmonary sequestration: a case report
Authors: Yilmaz A. , Bektemur G. , Ekinci G.H. , Ongel E.A. , Kavas M. , Haciomeroglu O. , Demir M. , Burunsuzoglu B.
Published: November 2015

We described the case of a 36-year-old Turkish female with an extralobar pulmonary sequestration who suffered from chest and back pain for five years without any evidence of pulmonary infection. A chest X-ray showed an area of opacity behind the cardiac silhouette in the lower area of the left hemithorax. A CT scan of the thorax with intravenous contrast showed a 9 x 7 cm in size ovoid mass with necrosis in the lower left lobe. It revealed two aortic branches directed toward the pulmonary opacity. She subsequently underwent surgery and the anomalous tissue was removed by mass excision. The patient was diagnosed with extralobar pulmonary sequestration.
Menstrual knowledge and practices of female adolescents in Vhembe district, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Ramathuba Dorah U.
Published: November 2015

Background: Although sexual issues are openly discussed in the media, sexuality and reproductive functions are treated as taboo. Menstruation is a normal physiologic process, but carries various meanings within cultures and is rarely discussed amongst families and communities.Purpose: This study sought to assess the knowledge and practices of secondary school girls towards menstruation in the Thulamela municipality of Limpopo Province, South Africa.Methods: A quantitative descriptive study design was used and respondents were selected by means of convenience sampling from a population of secondary school girls. The sample consisted of 273 secondary school girls doing Grades 10–12. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, which was analysed by computing frequencies and percentages using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 12).Findings: The findings revealed that respondents experienced menarche at 13 years and that menstruation is a monthly bleeding (80%) that happens to every female; it is a sign of adulthood (91%). 15% reported that it is the removal of dirt from the stomach and abdomen, 67% indicated the source of menstruation being the uterus, 65% the vagina and 13% from the abdomen. 73% reported having fear and anxiety at the first experience of bleeding and that they could not maintain adequate hygienic practices due to a lack of privacy and sanitarytowels.Conclusion: Interventions are needed to increase girls’ opportunities to discuss menstruation and access information from adults including mothers, parents and guardians. School-based sexuality education should be comprehensive, begin early and be regularly repeated.
Disembodied archives: The disconnectedness of records and archives management practices within the Pietermaritzburg Cluster of Theological Libraries, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Garaba Francis
Published: November 2015

This article discusses the findings of a study that was conducted between February 2013 and November 2013 to determine the inter-connectedness between records and archives management practices for religious archives within the Pietermaritzburg Cluster of Theological libraries (PCTL). It is important to note that much of our national heritage is recorded in the archives of our religious institutions, hence the need to ensure that a continuum of care is provided for this Christian heritage from the point of creation to the retirement of those records with enduring value. Data for this study were obtained primarily through a selfadministered questionnaire, interviews and direct observation. The study revealed that there is much disharmony with regards to records and archives management-practices, which explains why documentary records in custody were incomplete. This incompleteness threatens the corporate memory of these institutions. An important recommendation proposed is the urgent need for archivists within these establishments to adopt a proactive stance in order to ensure that records should not only be properly managed for business continuity but that a healthy and complete record should be transferred to the repository for the benefit of posterity. Furthermore, there is a need to establish a central depository to coordinate records and archives management-activities, thus ensuring best practices in records and archives management.
Dedicated networks for IoT: PHY / MAC state of the art and challenges
Authors: Goursaud C. , M. Gorce J.
Published: November 2015

This paper focuses on the the emerging transmission technologies dedicated to IoT networks.We first analyze the classical cellular network technologies when taking into account the IoT requirements, and point out the need of dedicated technologies for IoT. Then, we present the PHY and MAC layers of the technologies that are already deployed, or likely to be deployed: UNB by SigFox, CSS by LoRaTM,Weighless, and RPMA by Ingenu. We then compare their performances to highlight their pros and cons. Finally, we discuss on the open research challenges that still need to be addressed.
Annihilators and Power Values of Generalized Skew Derivations on Lie Ideals
Authors: De Filippis Vincenzo
Published: November 2015

Let R be a prime ring of characteristic diòerent from 2, let Qrbe its right Martindale quotient ring, and let C be its extended centroid. Suppose that F is a generalized skew derivation of R, L a non-central Lie ideal ofand n, s ≥ 1 fixed integers. If

for all u > L, then either R b Mz(C), the ring of 2 × 2 matrices over C, or m = 0 and there exists b ∊ Qrsuch that F(x) = bx, for any x ∊ R, with ab = 0.
On a Theorem of Bers, with Applications to the Study of Automorphism Groups of Domains
Authors: Krantz Steven
Published: November 2015

We study and generalize a classical theoremof L. Bers that classifies domains up to biholomorphic equivalence in terms of the algebras of holomorphic functions on those domains. Then we develop applications of these results to the study of domains with noncompact automorphism group
Gambling and the Couple: Comparing Gamblers' and Spouses' Views on Family, Marital and Individual Levels
Authors: Cunha Diana , Relvas Ana Paula
Published: November 2015

This study compares the perspectives of 19 pathological gamblers with those of 13 pathological gamblers' spouses (N = 31) with regard to family (i.e., family functioning and quality of life), marital variables (i.e., dyadic adjustment and marital satisfaction) and individual variables (i.e., congruence, differentiation of the self and psychopathological symptomatology). Regarding individual functioning, the gamblers and spouses presented with psychological symptomatology, as both had values that are typical for emotionally disturbed populations. Moreover, the gamblers showed additional difficulties with regard to congruence. The results show that the gamblers' perspectives on family and marital life were less affected by difficulties, yet this difference was most pronounced in marital life. The primary limitations of the current study are regarding the independence of the subsamples (i.e., the participants were married or had marital life partners but were not couples) and the small sample size. Nevertheless, the current results call into question the ‘truths' that are taken for granted by previous literature (e.g., gambler's perceptions of marital problems) and highlight the challenges that couples' therapists face regarding perspective differences in couples experiencing a gambling problem.
Macroeconomic policy regimes in emerging markets: the case of Latvia
Authors: Kazandziska Milka
Published: November 2015

This paper's goal is to analyse economic development in Latvia using the concept of a macroeconomic policy regime (MPR). An MPR consists of foreign economic policy, industrial policy, the financial system, wage policy, monetary policy and fiscal policy. This paper, furthermore, aims to explore the functionality of the development of these elements in Latvia based on one normative model of an MPR using a post-Keynesian approach. This paper suggests that to achieve a growth consistent with an external balance, foreign economic policy and industrial policy should be given high priority in restructuring the economy towards production and exports of high value-added products. The financial system needs to provide sufficient finance for the business sector and maintain the stability of the financial sector, while monetary policy will be in charge of providing low-cost finance to the financial system, secure its stability and maintain the stability of the exchange rate. Wage policy would be in charge of stabilising the inflation rate. Fiscal policy's main tasks would be to reduce the shocks to aggregate demand and reduce income inequality. It will be argued that the institutional changes in Latvia paved the way for a dysfunctional policy mix, of the sort that led to unstable economic development, high current account deficits, capital flow volatility, financial system instability, inflation rate volatility, and increasing income inequality.
Mr Skemp's preposterous provision: the drafting of the Patents Act 1977 and harmonization in the 1970s
Authors: Johnson Phillip
Published: November 2015

The Patents Act 1977 created a new law of patents based on the European Pate‎nt Convention (1973). However, the wording of the Act did not ‘copy out’ the text of the Convention, but was drafted in traditional statutory language to give it effect. Nevertheless, to facilitate harmonization, the Act included a unique provision in British law: section 130(7). Both the drafter's approach and this ‘preposterous’ provision have been lamented by the patent judiciary for nearly four decades. But is this criticism fair?
Research on subjective elements for the indirect copyright infringement of IPTV manufacturers in China*
Authors: Wang Zhe , Li Wei
Published: November 2015

This paper analyses problems that emerged with the development of China's Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) industry, especially the indirect infringement liability of IPTV manufacturers, focusing on the analysis of its subjective elements. Based on other research papers and the relevant laws and regulations, from the practical perspective of the changing conditions from joint infringement to fault and control theory regarding indirect infringement liability, this paper elaborates different approaches for the indirect infringement of China's IPTV manufacturers, and discusses the two key subjective elements that constitute indirect infringement: one is whether they are ‘aware of’ the infringement, and the other is whether they ‘fail to take timely measures to remove them’ after knowing about the infringement.
Effects of different cryoprotectants on the cryopreservation of cattle testicular tissue
Authors: Hu S. , Zhu Q.-C. , Han C. , Zhang X.-G. , Song B. Y. , Xie D.-Q. , Wei S.-Y. , Hu J.-H.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Cryopreservation of testicular tissue is a new option in fertility preservation for prepubertal male animals. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) at various concentrations on testes after the cryopreservation of calf testicular tissue. These experiments selected dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, propylene glycol (PrOH), and sucrose as CPAs in varying doses (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20 %; v/v) in 8-month-old calf testicular tissue that was frozen and preserved. Then, cell viability, testosterone production, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level were detected and analyzed following cryopreservation. The results showed that the optimal concentrations of DMSO, PrOH, glycerol, and sucrose were 10, 10, 7.5, and 10 %, respectively. Compared to the optimal concentrations of CPAs, cell viability and testosterone production decreased significantly at a lower and higher CPA concentration (P < 0.05). At the optimal concentrations of CPAs, the DMSO group showed higher cell viability and testosterone production than other CPA groups (P < 0.05). Compared to the optimal concentration of CPAs, the MDA level increased and the SOD level decreased at a lower or higher concentration of CPAs, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). Cell viability was significantly positively correlated with testosterone production (P < 0.05). In conclusion, DMSO provided the most effective protection for calf testicular tissue cryopreservation and the optimal concentration was 10 %.
FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer (FORCAsT) 1.0: a 1-D model of biosphere–atmosphere chemical exchange
Authors: Ashworth K. , Chung S. H. , Griffin R. J. , Chen J. , Forkel R. , Bryan A. M. , Steiner A. L.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Biosphere–atmosphere interactions play a critical role in governing atmospheric composition, mediating the concentrations of key species such as ozone and aerosol, thereby influencing air quality and climate. The exchange of reactive trace gases and their oxidation products (both gas and particle phase) is of particular importance in this process. The FORCAsT (FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer) 1-D model is developed to study the emission, deposition, chemistry and transport of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their oxidation products in the atmosphere within and above the forest canopy. We include an equilibrium partitioning scheme, making FORCAsT one of the few canopy models currently capable of simulating the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) from VOC oxidation in a forest environment. We evaluate the capability of FORCAsT to reproduce observed concentrations of key gas-phase species and report modeled SOA concentrations within and above a mixed forest at the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) during the Community Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions Experiment (CABINEX) field campaign in the summer of 2009. We examine the impact of two different gas-phase chemical mechanisms on modelled concentrations of short-lived primary emissions, such as isoprene and monoterpenes, and their oxidation products. While the two chemistry schemes perform similarly under high-NOx conditions, they diverge at the low levels of NOx at UMBS. We identify peroxy radical and alkyl nitrate chemistry as the key causes of the differences, highlighting the importance of this chemistry in understanding the fate of biogenic VOCs (bVOCs) for both the modelling and measurement communities.
Perceptions, impacts and adaptation of tropical cyclones in the Southwest Pacific: an urban perspective from Fiji, Vanuatu and Tonga
Authors: Magee A. D. , Verdon-Kidd D. C. , Kiem A. S. , Royle S. A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. To better understand perceptions, impacts and adaptation strategies related to tropical cyclones (TCs) in urban environments of the Southwest Pacific (SWP), a survey (with 130 participants) was conducted across three island nations; Fiji, Vanuatu and Tonga. The key aims of this study include: (i) understanding local perceptions of TC activity, (ii) investigating physical impacts of TC activity, and (iii) uncovering adaptation strategies used to offset the impacts of TCs. It was found that current methods of adaptation generally occur at the local level immediately prior to a TC event (preparation of property, gathering of food, setting up of community centres). This method of adaptation appears to be effective, however higher level adaptation measures (such as the development of building codes as developed in Fiji) may reduce vulnerability further. The survey responses also highlight that there is significant scope to provide education programs specifically aimed at improving the understanding of weather related aspects of TCs. Finally, we investigate the potential to merge ecological traditional knowledge with the non-traditional knowledge of empirical and climate mode based weather forecasts to improve forecasting of TCs, which would ultimately reduce vulnerability and increase adaptive capacity.
The investigation of a new monitoring system using leveling and GPS
Authors: Nojo M. , Waki F. , Akaishi M. , Muramoto Y.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. We installed GPS stations for monitoring of land subsidence of Kujukuri Plain in Chiba prefecture in 2003, and have been monitoring since then. In this paper, we discussed a data processing method capable of reducing noise in data collected by the GPS stations. Also, we compare the accuracy of leveling and GPS, and collected basic data for establishing a new monitoring system based on the combination of leveling and GPS.
Risk evaluation of land subsidence and its application to metro safety operation in Shanghai
Authors: Liu J. , Wang H. , Yan X.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Based on sufficiently investigating characteristics and risk connotation of land subsidence, a risk evaluation index system for land subsidence disaster is established, which is combined with the sensitivity feature of the hazard bearing body to land subsidence. An appropriate evaluation method system is established by using an improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method. So risk evaluation is developed for providing theoretical basis and technical support for the regional management of land subsidence prevention and control. On this basis, as a case of Shanghai metro, firstly, the paper studies the identifying risk sources of the metro. According to metro linear characteristics, external indexes of representing subsidence risk are obtained. Studying the subsidence risk of the metro, relevant achievement has provided the technical basis for daily main monitoring, early warning and work arrangement.
Revealing glacier flow and surge dynamics from animated satellite image sequences: examples from the Karakoram
Authors: Paul F.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Although animated images are very popular on the internet, they have so far found only limited use for glaciological applications. With long time series of satellite images becoming increasingly available and glaciers being well recognized for their rapid changes and variable flow dynamics, animated sequences of multiple satellite images reveal glacier dynamics in a time-lapse mode, making the otherwise slow changes of glacier movement visible and understandable to the wider public. For this study, animated image sequences were created for four regions in the central Karakoram mountain range over a 25-year time period (1990–2015) from freely available image quick-looks of orthorectified Landsat scenes. The animations play automatically in a web browser and reveal highly complex patterns of glacier flow and surge dynamics that are difficult to obtain by other methods. In contrast to other regions, surging glaciers in the Karakoram are often small (10 km2 or less), steep, debris-free, and advance for several years to decades at relatively low annual rates (about 100 m a−1). These characteristics overlap with those of non-surge-type glaciers, making a clear identification difficult. However, as in other regions, the surging glaciers in the central Karakoram also show sudden increases of flow velocity and mass waves travelling down glacier. The surges of individual glaciers are generally out of phase, indicating a limited climatic control on their dynamics. On the other hand, nearly all other glaciers in the region are either stable or slightly advancing, indicating balanced or even positive mass budgets over the past few decades.
La dimensión mítica de los personajes vanguardistas. Una reflexión en torno a la teoría de Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Fernández Urtasun Rosa
Published: November 2015

En el realismo de finales del XIX se consolida el desarrollo de los personajes novelescos, pero muy poco tiempo después se produce un giro en la narrativa hacia la abstracción que induce a Ortega y Gasset a reflexionar sobre cuáles son las características que definen un personaje literario. En Meditaciones del Quijote (1914), La deshumanización del arte e Ideas sobre la novela (ambos de 1925) hace un análisis histórico que concluye ofreciendo un diagnóstico de la literatura contemporánea. Muchos de los narradores vanguardistas, formados a su sombra, tienen en cuenta sus escritos y experimentan con sus propuestas. En este proceso el mito juega un papel principal, como sustancia de lo poético y como sustrato cultural de muchos de los protagonistas de la novela experimental de los años 20.
"Amor de don Perlimplín con Belisa en su jardín": una obra teatral satírica
Authors: Ferrada Susana
Published: November 2015

El componente satírico es una constante en el teatro de Federico García Lorca, en el que coexisten, en mayor o menor medida, dependiendo de la obra en cuestión, lo cómico y lo serio, ambas vertientes intrínsecas a la sátira. Dicha combinación, así como el innegable aspecto crítico, inherente a la obra lorquiana, identifican a este autor con la figura del satírico. García Lorca lleva a cabo su crítica sirviéndose del humor, que oscila entre lo puramente jocoso y el humor negro, y se manifiesta mediante el empleo de técnicas tradicionales de la sátira, con idéntico propósito al del satírico: degradar a su objeto de ataque suscitando sonrisa o repulsa. Este artículo analiza en clave de sátira Amor de don Perlimplín con Belisa en su jardín, identificando el objeto de ataque de la sátira lorquiana en esta obra y las técnicas satíricas empleadas por su autor.
Biografía inédita de Francisco de Quintana: recuperación de un novelista olvidado
Authors: Lepe Garcia M. Rocío
Published: November 2015

Este artículo pretende desvelar datos inéditos de Francisco de Quintana, escritor del seiscientos escasamente estudiado por la crítica literaria hasta nuestros días. La investigación, a partir tanto de fuentes primarias como de su obra literaria, ha supuesto el hallazgo de información sustancial sobre este íntimo amigo de Lope de Vega. Además de aportar nuevos testimonios biográficos, esta comunicación interrelaciona acontecimientos fundamentales de su vida con su obra literaria.
El dinero fuente de pecados en el Inferno de Dante y en la traducción de Pedro Fernández de Villegas (Burgos, 1515)
Authors: Mondola Roberto
Published: November 2015

El trabajo se centra en el análisis de los pecados relacionados con el dinero en el Inferno de Dante y en la primera traducción castellana de la primera cantiga de la Commedia, obra del arcediano de Burgos Pedro Fernández de Villegas. La traducción, compuesta en coplas de arte mayor y acompañada de un enciclopédico comentario, se publicó en 1515. Particular atención se dedica a la reflexión sobre el problema del mal uso del dinero que Villegas desarrolla en la glosa de los cantos en que con más vigor se levanta la voz de Dante para denunciar la gravedad del pecado de la sed de riquezas. Se analiza la postura del traductor español ante el tema comparándola no sólo con la de Dante sino también con la de Cristoforo Landino, autor del Comento sopra la Comedia, obra exégetica que se publicó por primera vez en Florencia en 1481 y que representó el punto de referencia privilegiado de Villegas.
En busca del tiempo homérico con la mirada y la palabra de Antonio Prieto (lectura de "El ciego de Quíos")
Authors: Nuñez Rey Concepción
Published: November 2015

En El ciego de Quíos, el novelista Antonio Prieto inventa la vida de Homero alimentándola con figuras y hechos procedentes de la Ilíada y, sobre todo, de la Odisea. El relato se enriquece con el conocimiento histórico en torno a los dos grandes poemas, y lo enmarca un amplio despliegue mitológico. Más allá, la novela alcanza un significado trascendente. Descubrimos como motor narrativo el esfuerzo homérico por vencer la fugacidad humana mediante la escritura, lo que crea un vínculo atemporal con el propio anhelo de nuestro autor; así, la novela nos ofrece un ejemplo máximo del fenómeno bautizado como fusión mítica por Antonio Prieto.
El declive de la memoria en "Tu rostro" mañana de Javier Marías: la escritura revivida
Authors: Tello García Edgar
Published: November 2015

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar los diferentes estados mentales de los personajes de las novelas de Tu rostro mañana, de Javier Marías. Estudiando las reflexiones del narrador sobre J. Deza, Peter Wheeler o Francisco Rico observamos que su decadencia mental se muestra a través de una suerte de ―presciencia‖ o lucidez momentánea que puede servir para mostrar el silencio como única tendencia de todo discurso. Desde el momento en que toda historia de ficción se cimenta sobre un discurso –no importa su cauce de presentación, ni su fuente– este es falsificado por el tiempo, la gente y cualquier otra herramienta que pueda ser utilizada para contar nada. Las conclusiones de este trabajo muestran la quimera que implica tratar de mantener una contención absoluta sobre lo acaecido, pues dicho vacío de narrativas será ocupado por una suplantación que suele ser el reverso más infame de sus actores. Es por ello que el narrador J. Deza sigue conminado a explicar sus historias, incluso allí donde uno diría que ya no puede haber ni palabras suficientes para traducir un hecho en ficción.
Solving Two Point Boundary Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations Using Exponential Finite Difference Method
Authors: Pandey Pramod K.
Published: November 2015

In this article, a new exponential finite difference scheme for  the numerical solution of two point boundary value problems with Dirichlet's boundary conditions is proposed. The scheme is based on an exponential approximation of the Taylor expansion for the discretized derivative .The convergence of the scheme discussed under appropriate condition .The theoretical and numerical results  show that this new scheme is efficient and at least fourth order accurate.
Some sets of $\chi^{2}-$ summable sequences of Fuzzy Numbers Defined By A Modulus
Authors: Subramanian N.
Published: November 2015

In this paper we introduce the $\chi^{2}$ fuzzy numbers defined by a modulus, study some of their properties and  inclusion results.
Subdivisions of the Spectra for the Operator D(r, 0, 0, s) over Certain Sequence Spaces
Authors: Paul Avinoy , Tripathy Binod Chandra
Published: November 2015

In this paper we have examined the approximate point spectrum, defect spectrum and compression spectrum of the operator D(r, 0, 0, s)on the sequence spaces c0, c, ℓp and bvp.
Solving nonlinear two point boundary value problems using exponential finite difference method
Authors: Pandey Pramod K.
Published: November 2015

In this article, we present exponential finite difference scheme for solving nonlinear two point boundary value problems with Dirichlet's boundary conditions . The local truncation error and under appropriate condition we have discussed the convergence of the proposed method. Numerical experiments demonstrate the use and computational efficiency of the method. Numerical results show that this method is at least fourth order accurate, which is good agreement with the theoretically established order of the method.
Existence of Renormalized Solutions for p(x)-Parabolic Equation with three unbounded nonlinearities
Authors: Akdim Youssef , Gorch Nezha El , Mekkour Mounir
Published: November 2015

In this article, we study the existence of a renormalized solution for the nonlinear $p(x)$-parabolic problem associated to the equation: $$\frac{\partial b(x,u)}{\partial t} - \mbox{div} (a(x,t,u,\nabla u)) + H(x,t,u,\nabla u) = f - \mbox{div}F \;\mbox{in }\;Q= \Omega\times(0,T)$$with $ f $ $ \in L^{1} (Q),$\; $b(x,u_{0}) \in L^{1} (\Omega)$ and $ F \in (L^{P'(.)}(Q))^{N}. $The main contribution of our work is to prove the existence of a renormalized solution in the Sobolev space with variable exponent. The critical growth condition on $ H(x,t,u,\nabla u)$\; is with respect to$ \nabla u$, no growth with respect to $u$ and no sign condition or the coercivity condition.
Fixed point theorem in fuzzy metric space
Authors: Acharjee Santanu
Published: November 2015

In this paper we prove a fixed point theorem on a fuzzy set defining a new class of fuzzy metric space as structure fuzzy metric space.
Implementation of Homotopy Analysis Method on circular permeable slider containing of incompressible Newtonian fluid
Authors: Rahimi Javad , Rahimi Esboee Mazaher , Domairy Ganji Davod , Rahimi-Petrodi Iman , Mohammadyari Reza
Published: November 2015

The aim of this paper is to examine the classical problem of an incompressible Newtonian fluid through the porous of a circular slider which is moving laterally on a horizontal plan. Employing the similarity variables, the governing differential equations have been reduced to ordinary ones and solved via Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). The analytical solution for the coupled Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations resulting from the momentum equation is obtained and Velocity fields have been computed and discussed for different values of the Reynolds number. Also the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method (NUM) is used for the validity of these analytical methods and excellent agreement are observed between the solutions obtained from HAM and numerical results.
Some Results and Characterizations for Mannheim Offsets of the Ruled Surfaces
Authors: Önder Mehmet , Uğurlu H. Hüseyin
Published: November 2015

In this study, we give the dual characterizations of Mannheim offsets of ruled surfaces in terms of their integral invariants and obtain a new characterization of the Mannheim offsets of developable surface, i.e., we show that the striction lines of developable Mannheim offset surfaces are Mannheim partner curves. Furthermore, we obtain the relationships between the area of projections of spherical images for Mannheim offsets of ruled surfaces and their integral invariants.
Ideally slowly oscillating sequences
Authors: Hazarika Bipan
Published: November 2015

An ideal $I$ is a family of subsets of positive integers $\mathbb{N}$ which is closed under taking finite unions and subsets of its elements. In this paper, we introduce the notion of ideally slowly oscillating sequences, which is lying between ideal convergent and ideal quasi-Cauchy sequences, and study on ideally slowly oscillating continuous functions, and ideally slowly oscillating compactness.
g* λµ- closed sets in Generalized Topological Spaces
Authors: Jeyanthi P. , Nalayini P. , Mocana Marcelina
Published: November 2015

In this paper we introduce some new classes of generalized closed sets called *λµ -g-closed, *λµ -g µ -closed and g* λµ -closed sets in generalized topological spaces, which are related to the classes of gµ -closed sets, g-λµ -closed sets and λµ -g-closed sets. We investigate the properties of the newly introduced classes, as well as the connections among the above mentioned classes of generalized closed sets. Also, we give a unified framework for the study of several types of generalized closed sets in a space endowed with two generalized topologies.
New Types of Multifunctions in ideal Topological Spaces via $e$-$\I$-Open sets and $\delta\beta$-$\I$-Open Sets
Authors: Al-omeri Wadei Faris , Noorani Mohammed S. Md. , Al-Omari Ahmad , Noiri Takashi
Published: November 2015

The purpose of the present paper is to introduce and investigate two new classes of continuous multifunctions called upper/lower $e$-$\I$-continuous multifunctions and upper/lower $\delta\beta_I$-continuous multifunctions by using the concepts of $e$-$\I$-open sets and $\delta\beta_I$-open sets. The class of upper/lower $e$-$\I$-continuous multifunctions is contained in that of upper/lower $\delta\beta_I$-continuous multifunctions. Several characterizations and fundamental properties concerning upper/lower $e$-$\I$-continuity and upper/lower $\delta\beta_I$-continuity are obtained.
Against Point Charges
Authors: Selke David L.
Published: November 2015

A new theory proposed by Dr. Randell Mills reproduces and surpasses the predictions of quantum mechanics and is incompatible with the current theory. A key point of departure is whether the electron is a point particle or if it extends into some shape. It is possible to choose between the two theories based on whether point or extended charges are consistent with known laws and observations.
De shockschadevordering in het strafproces
Authors: Engelhard E.S. , Hebly M.R. , van der Zalm I.
Published: November 2015

De shockschadevordering in het strafproces

Naasten en nabestaanden van slachtoffers van ernstige misdrijven kunnen, indien zij door de confrontatie met de schokkende gebeurtenis psychische schade lijden, zich met hun vordering tot vergoeding van shockschade voegen in het strafproces. Hoe en in welke mate worden shockschadevorderingen in het strafproces inhoudelijk behandeld, gegeven het feit dat deze vorderingen snel een onevenredige belasting van het strafproces kunnen opleveren? Welke invloed en betekenis heeft de verruiming van het voegingscriterium per 1 januari 2011 hierin? Ter beantwoording van deze vragen hebben de auteurs uitvoerig jurisprudentieonderzoek uitgevoerd naar het ‘lot’ van shockschadevorderingen in het strafproces.
Drieluikherstelbemiddeling bij seksueel misbruik, een symbiose van erkenning en financiële genoegdoening
Authors: Klijn L.P.M.
Published: November 2015

Drieluikherstelbemiddeling bij seksueel misbruik, een symbiose van erkenning en financiële genoegdoening

Uit de contacten met slachtoffers van seksueel misbruik binnen kerkelijk verband werd duidelijk dat zij andere behoeften hadden dan enkel schadevergoeding. Met name omdat in het verleden het misbruik was ontkend of was genegeerd, bleek vooral erkenning belangrijk. Hiervoor is het nodig dat partijen tot elkaar worden gebracht. Enkel toekennen van schadevergoeding via een schadevergoedingsprocedure is daarvoor niet een passende remedie, want die brengt partijen eerder tegenover elkaar dan tot elkaar. Samen met slachtoffers is gezocht naar een weg waarbij erkenning en schadevergoeding zo konden worden gebundeld dat het een niet ten koste van het ander ging. Dat leidde tot de (door)ontwikkeling van de drieluikherstelbemiddeling. Daarover gaat dit artikel.
Generic and Homophobic Bullying in School Context
Authors: Costa Paulo , Pinto José , Pereira Henrique , Pereira Beatriz
Published: November 2015

Objetivo

Tendo em conta a reduzida literatura sobre o bullying homofóbico em Portugal, os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever a sua prevalência, comparativamente ao bullying genérico, na perspetiva das vítimas; comparar as diferenças de género e compreender a relação entre o bullying homofóbico e os sentimentos de infelicidade e humilhação e a denúncia por parte das vítimas.

Método

Participaram 171 (7º ano), 160 (8º) e 156 (9º) alunos (52.0% feminino e 48.0% masculino), entre os 11 e os 17 anos, aos quais foi aplicado um questionário de autorrelato em formato digital, avaliando-se: género, vitimação, sentimentos infelicidade/humilhação e denúncia.

Resultados

Um total de 33.0% dos alunos foram vítimas de bullying genérico, maioritariamente no 8º ano. Rapazes e raparigas registaram índices de vitimação semelhantes. Quanto ao bullying homofóbico, a prevalência aumentou do 7º para o 9º ano e os rapazes apresentaram maior frequência de vitimação comparativamente às raparigas, havendo diferenças estatisticamente significativas no 9º ano. À medida que as situações de vitimação homofóbica aumentam, maior foi o sentimento de infelicidade e humilhação nas vítimas e maior a denúncia.

Conclusão

Estes dados reforçam a necessidade de ações e programas de prevenção nas escolas, enquadrados numa perspetiva sistémica, privilegiando a intervenção dos observadores de situações de bullying.
The Role of Exosomes and its Cargos in Drug Resistance of Cancer
Authors: Yujie Xie  , Liwu Fu
Published: November 2015

Chemotherapy is one of the main therapies in cancer and plays an important role in controlling tumor progression, which can offer a longer overall survival (OS) for patients. But as the accumulation of drugs used in vivo, cancer cells develop drug resistance, even multi-drug resistance (MDR), that can cause failure of the whole therapy. The similar phenomenon can be observed in vitro. There are several mechanisms of drug resistance such as drug efflux, mediated by extracellular vesicles. Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs), can be secreted by many types of cells and transfer proteins, lipids, and miRNA/mRNA/DNAs between cells in vitro and in vivo. Particularly cancer cells secrete more exosomes than healthy cells and resistance cells secrete more exosomes than sensitive cells. Exosomes have function of intercellular communication and molecular transfer, both associated with tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. In this paper, we will review the current knowledge regarding the emerging roles of exosomes and its cargo in drug resistance.