bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NASA budget in Congress
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The House of Representatives has authorized $161.7 million more than President Ronald Reagan proposed for the fiscal 1984 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) budget. The House NASA authorization bill (H.R. 2065) passed by voice vote on April 26. Five days earlier, the Senate Commerce, Science, and Technology Committee marked up S. 1096, the Senate's NASA authorization bill, and recommended $171.6 million more than the Reagan proposal. The Senate is expected to vote on the bill in mid May, after which time a conference committee will iron out the differences between the House and Senate versions.

President Reagan requested a total NASA budget of $7.1065 billion: $5.7085 billion for research and development, $150.5 million for construction of facilities, and $1.2475 billion for research and program management (Eos, February 15, 1983, p. 65).
Foreign grants
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program, a national research grants program, offers opportunities for support of research in Burma, Guinea, India, and Pakistan in astrophysics and earth sciences; anthropology, archeology, and related disciplines; systematic and environmental biology; and museum programs.

Grants in the local currencies of the countries are awarded to U.S. institutions for research by senior scientists; collaborative programs involving host country institutions are welcome. Awards are determined on the basis of competitive scholarly review.
Combating illiteracy
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A science course for nonscientists at Columbia University's Columbia College that was created in 1981 as an experiment to combat “the national crisis of scientific illiteracy” has received major new foundation support and has achieved a permanent place in the college's curriculum.

The course, The Theory and Practice of Science, has received a $240,000 grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, according to Robert E. Pollack, college dean, professor of biological sciences, and originator of the course. The grant will be used for the preparation and publication in 1985 of a textbook, titled The Scientific Experience, which will permit the course to be taught at other schools around the country.
IRAS discovers second comet
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Astronomers sifting through data sent to earth by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) have discovered an extremely faint comet that came within 210 million km of our sun on January 20. This is the second comet to have been sighted by the satellite in a two‐week period.

Comet IRAS (1983F) was found by the orbiting telescope on May 13 (GMT) and was confirmed by ground‐based observers on May 19. The comet is one million times fainter than comet IRAS‐Araki‐Alcock, which was discovered simultaneously by IRAS and the two amateur astronomers for whom the comet is named. IRAS‐Araki‐Alcock passed Earth May 11.
High‐Precision Earth Rotation and Earth—Moon Dynamics: Lunar Distances and Related Observations
Authors: Wahr John M.
Published: October 2011

The last decade or so has seen the practical development of a number of high‐precision, space‐related geodetic techniques, specifically, lunar laser ranging (LLR), satellite ranging, and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). One consequence has been an enlarged and improved data base available for studies of lunar motion and earth rotation.

The impact on lunar studies has been particularly striking. The vast improvement in lunar positioning data provided by the LLR experiment has revived interest in the previously lethargic business of modeling the lunar orbit and librations (librations are rotational displacements of the moon about its center of mass). Several numerical and analytical models of the orbit and librations have been developed over the past few years. Numerical models, constructed by numerically solving appropriate differential equations, are generally more accurate than existing analytical models and are, in principal, better suited to removing the effects of lunar motion from the LLR residuals. On the other hand, results from numerical models are less amenable to physical interpretation, and so analytical models continue to receive attention. Analytical models are particularly useful in trying to understand the lunar librations, both because of the possibility of excited free librations and because the dynamical behavior of the moon during the forced librations is not completely understood.
Isotope Studies of Hydrologic Processes
Authors: Siegel D. I.
Published: October 2011

During the past decade, the study of environmental isotopes has become an increasingly powerful tool toward understanding hydrologic processes. The present book, a selection of twelve papers presented at the 1980 Midwest American Geophysical Meeting, is a useful addition to the literature of isotopic methods used in hydrologic studies and will be of particular value to those interested in groundwater flow system analysis and groundwater chemistry.

The papers deal with the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in water; carbon in bicarbonate; sulfur in sulfate and sulfide; and the radioisotopes of uranium, hydrogen, and radium. The first paper, by the editors, provides a brief but succinct introduction on isotopic processes. Of particular interest to this reviewer are papers by Perry et al. and Desaulniers et al., who explain isotopically light groundwater (δ18O about 5% lighter than modern recharge water) in Illinois bedrock aquifers and clayey Pleistocene deposits in south‐central Canada as Pleistocene recharge during colder climates. Desaulniers et al. used 14C to demonstrate that the isotopically lighter waters in the Pleistocene deposits could be up to 13,000 years B.P.
Valles Caldera workshop
Authors: Riecker Robert E.
Published: October 2011

A Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CSDP) Workshop, attended by 87 scientists, focusing on the Valles caldera was hosted by the Department of Energy and the Los Alamos National Laboratory, on October 5–7, 1982, in Los Alamos, New Mexico. The caldera, a large, Quaternary magmahydrothermal system, lies at the intersection of the Rio Grande rift and the Jemez lineament in north‐central New Mexico and is a prime site for the first deep drill holes.

One major objective of CSDP is to develop a broad scientific understanding of the roots of an active hydrothermal system associated with recent igneous intrusion. Surface geological, geophysical, geochemical, and hydrological data, along with information from shallow exploratory drillholes, will be used in the process of interactive development and testing of models and hypotheses for such systems. Ultimately, deep drilling will be essential to provide direct sampling of fluids and rocks at depth and to measure directly the critical in situ physical parameters. Thus, deep drilling research becomes an integral and necessary component in the synthesis, refinement, and verification of three‐dimensional models of hydrothermal‐magma systems and processes.
IUGG Quadrennial Report Overview: Physical Oceanography
Authors: Leetmaa Ants
Published: October 2011

To a great extent, this U.S. physical oceanographic report to IUGG (1979–1982) focuses on advances made in large‐scale oceanography. Reviews are presented for the areas of equatorial oceanography, subtropical gyre studies, polar oceanography, mid‐latitude variability, and oceanic heat flux. The last topic is a common thread that runs through all the reviews since there is the realization that the ocean is an essential element in determining the climate of the earth. With increased concern over the coastal zone as a region where recreational, commercial energy, and fisheries interests overlap, a great deal of effort has also going into investigating the oceanography of the continental margins. Since no review of coastal oceanography occurred in the last report, this report has an extensive discussion of what has been learned in the last eight years. The benthic boundary layer, for the same reasons, has received considerable attention, and a review is dedicated to this. What appears as bothersome noise to the investigator of the large scale can be interesting physics in itself. The disciplines of wriggly lines are being put on firm physical basis as discussed in the reviews on small‐scale physics and internal waves. In each of these areas advances have come as a result of new instrumentation, new measurements, and new ideas. Often progress has been slowed because of the inability to observe phenomena in their entirety. Remote sensing promises to be a great aid in that respect. The work during the last four years in that area has shown these techniques to be invaluable for studying phenomena from small to large scales. Unfortunately, the main payoff from remote sensing avails new satellites that use sensors such as the altimeter operationally. In the short overview that follows, no individual works are mentioned. These can be found by reference to the appropriate review.
Baker heads JOI
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

D. James Baker, Jr., dean of the College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle, has been appointed to a 2‐year term as president of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI), a consortium of 10 academic oceanographic institutions. Baker, who has been working parttime in the position since May 15, will begin working full‐time at JOI on November 1. Baker will be on leave from his post at the University of Washington while he is at JOI headquarters in Washington, D.C.; an interim dean has not yet been appointed.

Among the tasks Baker envisions for JOI is to work with other groups, including such National Research Council boards as the Board on Ocean Science and Policy (BOSP), on a long‐range plan for the use of satellites in oceanography. Baker is a member of BOSP. JOI also plans to submit a proposal on July 15 to the National Science Foundation for the management of the Advanced Ocean Drilling Program (AODP) with Texas A&M University as the scientific operator. A decision on the proposal is expected in early fall, Baker said.
The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore: 1698–1701
Authors: Agnew Duncan Carr
Published: October 2011

On Thursday, October 20, 1698, a three‐masted ship, captained by Edmond Halley with orders “to improve the knowledge of the Longitude and variations of the Compasse,” which he was to observe “with all the accuracy you can,” set sail from Deptford, England, on the first leg of the first voyage ever commissioned for strictly scientific purposes. Halley is now best known as an astronomer and for the comet that bears his name. However, his interests ranged over so many specialties that he is better described now by the 17th century title of “natural philosopher.” Among his various areas of study, the study of the earth took a major place, as shown by his many papers on the trade winds, the tides, and especially the magnetic field. This last interest led him to propose to the Royal Society that he make a voyage around the world “to discover what may be learnt … [of] the variations of the Magneticall Needle.” This ambitious undertaking was later scaled down to cover only the Atlantic Ocean, Halley made two voyages from 1698 to 1700, at one point reaching 52°S in his 52‐foot vessel. As a tailpiece he made a third voyage in the summer and fall of 1701 to study the tides and tidal currents of the English Channel.
Lost island found
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An abandoned ll‐by‐5‐km kidney‐shaped chunk of freshwater ice, used as a research station for 25 years, was rediscovered after the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) lost track of the island for 6 months. The recent find may foreshadow another loss, however: The island is drifting through the Greenland Sea and into the North Atlantic where it should melt within several months and d u m p its cargo of oil drums, equipment, and a wrecked plane into the ocean.

Known as Fletcher's Ice Island—after Joseph O. Fletcher, a member of the first team of researchers to inhabit the island and a recently retired NOAA climate researcher—the ice chunk has already melted to a third of its original 49 m thickness. A pilot flying over the area to measure annual pollution buildup in the Arctic located the drifting island 242 km from the North Pole near the International Date Line.
New climate center
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

An Experimental Climate Forecast Center has been established at the NASA Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences (GLAS) by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Climate Program Office. NASA's Goddard Laboratory will provide the computing facilities necessary to process the vast amount of data used in complex numerical climate modeling.

As the second of the centers established under the National Climate Program Act of 1978, the Experimental Climate Forecast Center will investigate climate predictability theory and forecasting techniques by using numerical methods in dynamic models of the earth's ocean and atmosphere system. The first center, at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, concentrates on statistically based methods. The principal interest of both centers is the potential for forecasting characteristics of seasonal temperature and precipitation. The director of the new center is Milton Halem; he also will continue as head of the global modeling and simulation branch at GLAS.
IUGG Quadrennial Report Overviews: Hydrology 1979–1982
Authors: Wood Eric F.
Published: October 2011

The quadrennium 1979–1982 produced notable advances in surface water and groundwater hydrology, as well as important trends toward a more scientific basis for engineering hydrology. Examples of these developments will be given below, as well as an assessment of current trends.

One of the most significant areas to emerge during the last quadrennium is stochastic groundwater analysis. The basis for the conceptualization of groundwater flow and transport as a stochastic process is twofold: (1) the realization that hydrologeological environments are extremely heterogeneous, regardless of the scale of modeling or data collection and (2) the use of groundwater flow and transport modeling results within broader water resources or hazardous waste management studies where risk analysis requires and incorporates groundwater uncertainty.
Numerical Dating in Stratigraphy, 1 and 2
Authors: Lanphere Marvin A.
Published: October 2011

Geology is a historical science, and geologists always have been fascinated with deciphering complex geologic histories by unraveling the relations of rock units where ages were established by fossils or, more recently, by isotopic dating methods. The most direct way to date stratified rocks is by measuring the ages of authigenic minerals in sedimentary rocks. This approach, however, is fraught with such problems as the presence of detrital minerals, the determination of whether authigenic minerals formed at the same time as accumulation of the sedimentary rocks, and whether suitable minerals for age measurements are present. This new book shows that although there has been significant progress, the problems of directly dating sedimentary rocks by isotopic methods persist.
Physics of the Jovian Magnetosphere
Authors: Cheng Andrew F.
Published: October 2011

Physics of the Jovian Magnetosphere is a comprehensive reference devoted to the latest advances in Jovian magnetosphere physics. Spectacular discoveries by the Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft have led to an explosive development in the subject, with unprecedented coverage in both the popular press and the technical literature. Since 1974 no less than four special issues of Science, three special issues of the Journal of Geophysical Research, and special issues of Nature, Icarus, and Geophysical Research Letters have been devoted to Jupiter.

Why all the fuss? The Jovian magnetosphere is simply one of the most exotic and interesting objects in the sky.
Science exchanges
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Dwindling scientific and technical exchange between the United States and the Soviet Union and prospects for enhancing such exchanges were discussed at an August 2 hearing by the Foreign Affairs Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives. The committee also heard overviews on the United States' approach to international exchange of science and technology. The hearing was the first in a series on current and future international science and technology programs.

Four of eight science and technology agreements with the USSR that have expired in the last 15 months, including one on space, have not been renewed. The remaining four agreements have been extended into 1987 and 1988. Two others, including one on oceanography, are scheduled to run out in 1984.
Solar system around Vega?
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS), launched in January, has discovered a shell or ring of particles around Vega, the brightest star in the constellation “The Lyre” and one of the brightest stars in the sky. The discovery provides the first direct evidence that solid objects of substantial size exist around a star other than the sun; it also offers the first scientific opportunity to study what may be an early solar system accreting from stellar debris, much like our solar system is believed to have formed.

IRAS measured the material to be at a temperature of 90° Kelvin, about the temperature of particles in Saturn's innermost rings. Although the sensitive telescope on IRAS cannot discern the individual particles around Vega, scientists speculated that the particles could range from the size of a pearl to the size of an asteroid or planet. In addition, the composition of the particles is open to debate. The material around Vega probably has not reached the same stage of evolution as our solar system because Vega is less than one fourth as old as our sun.
New editors appointed
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

New editors have been appointed for the Atmospheres and the Oceans sections of the Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR), for the policy sciences portion of Water Resources Research (WRR), and for Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics (RGSP).

William L. Chameides, associate professor at the School o f Geophysical Sciences at the Georgia Institute o f Technology has been appointed editor of JGR‐Atmospheres beginning January 1, 1984. He succeeds Ralph Cicerone.
NSF education grants
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is soliciting proposals for the development of educational materials and training workshops for science and mathematics programs in elementary and secondary schools. Proposals may be submitted at any time and must specifically deal with projects in mathematics, engineering, the natural sciences (including atmospheric, earth, and ocean sciences, physics, astronomy, chemistry, and biology), and computer science.

Projects for materials development may deal with programs for the continuing education of teachers; the development of teaching aids to improve classroom instruction; analyses of current elementary and secondary level programs; the improvement of communication among professionals in the field; or applied research directed at understanding and improving instruction and learning.
In Congress Budget Update for NOAA, USGS
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Among the agenda items facing Congress as it reconvenes this week are the fiscal 1984 budgets for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which is part of the Department of Commerce, and for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), which is within the Department of the Interior. Fiscal year 1984 begins October 1, 1983. As Congress rolls up its shirtsleeves and gets down to business, Eos presents a status report on the two agency budgets.

Both House and Senate appropriations committees have finished their work on the NOAA budget, which had been targeted by President Ronald Reagan for a $799.8 million appropriation request (program level of $843.2 million) in his proposed fiscal 1984 budget (Eos, February 15, 1983, p. 65). The House appropriation for NOAA (H.R. 3134 and H.R. 3222) is $998.5 million, with a program level of $1043.9 million. The Senate Appropriations Committee set its appropriation (S. 1721) at $987.8 million, with a program level of $1041.0 million.
Random Fields: Analysis and Synthesis
Authors: Thomson David J.
Published: October 2011

Random Fields is a book which I found both technically interesting and a pleasure to read. The problems considered are those of describing multidimensional stochastic data (as opposed to unidimensional, e.g., multivariate, time series data).

The presentation is clear and the book should be useful to almost anyone who uses random processes to solve problems in engineering or science. The author's approach is informal and, while not careless, is not intended for mathematical purists. For example, the index contains six references to limited resolution of measurements but none to measure theory.
New consortium on atmosphere
Authors: Changnon Stanley A.
Published: October 2011

In July 1983 a group of universities and university‐allied institutions established a new, not‐for‐profit consortium on atmospheric resources development.

The initial thrust of the Consortium will be to accomplish in‐depth assessments of the scientific status and research needs in three key areas of atmospheric modification. These have been established as research relating to orographic precipitation enhancement with a major focus on application, delivery, and transport of seeding materials; basic research and hypothesis development relating to convective precipitation; and basic, applied, and societal research relating to radiation management. Scientific/technical committees composed of national experts including members of the Consortium and scientists from other institutions are being established. It is envisioned that available funding will be used to bring these three scientific committees together to perform major assessments of the scientific problems and the research needs, as a prelude to development of future research plans to address various scientific questions identified in these three areas of research. The Consortium is seen as a means for establishing the scientific basis for a more focused and better organized research.
The impact of VLBI and GPS on geodesy
Authors: Bossier John D.
Published: October 2011

Two new technologies, Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and the Global Positioning System (GPS), will provide the means for achieving the perennial goal of geodesists—a unified, worldwide geodetic control point network tied to an inertial reference system. VLBI will replace optical methods for determining both polar motion and rotation rate, with accuracies an order of magnitude better and with results available a week or less after observations. GPS will permit rapid, economical point positioning with accuracies of a few centimeters over distances of 100 km or more. The potential of these new systems will generate new applications for geodesy and require a reevaluation of the role of geodesists
Landsat D' primed
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Problems with Landsat 4, the United States' current operational land remote‐sensing satellite, have prompted the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to move up the launch date of the second spacecraft in the advanced land remote‐sensing satellite series, Landsat D′, to early 1984, instead of July 1985 as originally scheduled. Four land remote‐sensing satellites were proposed for the original series: Landsat D (known as Landsat 4 now that it is in orbit) is the first, Landsat D′ is the second; two more were to follow. However, with the Reagan Administration's eye on commercializing the land and weather remote sensing satellites (Eos, May 17, 1983, p. 377, and March 22, 1983, p. 113), the budgets for the last two Landsat satellites were never approved.
Precollege science plan offered
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The federal government should help create a system of 2,000 “exemplary” precollege public schools that would lead the country in initiating sweeping changes in science and math education. This is among the recommendations in a recent National Science Board (NSB) report on precollege education that urged increased exposure of students to science and improved teacher quality. The report is unique among recent education reports in that it offers an itemized price tag for its recommendations. The bottom line: a first‐year federal government outlay of $956 million.
Newell library dedicated
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

On September 27 the library at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Green belt, Md., was renamed the Homer E. Newell Library in memory of the man who was once the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) deputy director for space flight programs, director of the Office of Space Sciences, and associate administrator. Newell, who was 68 years old when he died on July 18, 1983, was president of AGU from 1970 to 1972.

A photograph of Newell and a plaque will be permanently displayed in the library. The plaque, which will be framed in walnut, reads, “The Homer E. Newell Library, dedicated September 27, 1983, to honor his leadership and contributions to America's space science program.” NASA Administrator James M. Beggs and Mrs. Homer E. Newell were scheduled to participate in the dedication ceremonies.
Energy and air quality
Authors: Orgill M. M. , Thorp J. M.
Published: October 2011

Many coal, oil shale, and geothermal energy sources are located in areas where atmospheric transport and dispersion processes are dominated by the complexity of the terrain. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), responsible for developing new energy technologies that meet air‐quality regulations, developed a program aimed specifically at Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (ASCOT) in 1978. The program uses theoretical atmospheric physics research, mathematical models, field experiments, and physical models. The goal is to develop a modeling and measurement methodology to (1) improve fundamental knowledge of transport and dispersion processes in complex terrain and (2) build on this improvement to provide a methodology for performing air quality assessments. The ASCOT team, managed by Marvin Dickerson and Paul Gudiksen of Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Livermore, Calif., is composed of scientists from DOE supported research laboratories and university programs.
Naval research fellowships
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) is seeking applicants for 40 fellowships that will be awarded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) in 1984. This program is designed to increase the number of U.S. citizens doing graduate work in such fields as ocean engineering, applied physics, electrical engineering, computer science, naval architecture, materials science) and aerospace a n d mechanical engineering. The fellowships are awarded on the recommendation of a panel of scientists and engineers convened by the ASEE. The deadline for applications is February 15, 1984.

The program is open to graduating seniors who already have or will shortly have baccalaureates in disciplines vital to the research aims of the Navy and critical to national defense. As a reflection of the quality of the program, 1983 fellows had an average cummulative grade point average of 3.88; nine had a perfect 4.0.
Research grants announced
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Krueger Enterprises, Inc., has announced the winners of its 1983 Geochron Research Competition. Two awards were granted to support research proposals in each of the following areas: K‐Ar dating, C‐14 analyses, and Stable Isotope Ratio Analyses (SIRA).

Winners in the K‐Ar dating area, their school, and their research topics are James J . Hardy, Jr., Northern Arizona Univ., The use of the K‐Ar method to date a major thrust event in west‐central Arizona; and Christopher S. Lynnes, Univ. of Michigan, Correlation with age of magnetization in Cambro‐Ondovician intrusives from Colorado.
Section candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos is carrying biographies and photographs of all candidates for President‐elect, General Secretary, and Foreign Secretary of the Union and for President‐elect and Secretary of each Section. In addition, statements by the candidates for Union offices and for Section President‐elect will appear. Candidates for the Seismology Section and an additional candidate for the Planetology Section appear below. The material for the sections of Geodesy, Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, and Planetology appeared in the August 30 issue; for the Atmospheric Sciences Section in the September 27 issue; and for the Tectonophysics Section in the October 11 issue. The slate of candidates for all offices was carried in the June 21 issue.
Marine minerals plan offered
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The United States should begin taking measures to develop a marine mining industry to help meet mineral requirements. That's the advice offered by the National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere (NACOA), an 18‐member group appointed by the President.

While NACOA found “no immediate pressures to promote extraordinary government actions to develop a marine mining industry…current conditions should not keep the government and industry from considering and taking measures now to improve our capability to tap the storehouse of minerals in the ocean as we may need them in the future.” Among the measures recommended are coordinating a program on polymetallic sulfide minerals and investigating the possibility o f extending the depth at which submersible research vessels can operate. John A. Knauss, vice president for marine programs at the University of Rhode Island's Graduate School of Oceanography, is NACOA chairman.
Physical Properties of Crystals, Their Representation by Tensors and Matrices
Authors: Finger Larry W.
Published: October 2011

It is unusual to be asked to review a book published more than 25 years ago and it is equally uncommon, therefore, for the reviewer to have a well‐thumbed personal copy of the book; however, Nye's book, currently in the eighth printing of the first edition, is unusual in the clarity of its presentation and its applicability to understanding crystals and their interaction to various types of external events. This reviewer welcomes the opportunity to extoll the merits of this book to a new segment of the geoscience community.

In this textbook designed for advanced undergraduates, the author develops a description of the physical properties of crystals in tensor notation and presents the mathematical basis for these properties. He is not concerned with the explanation of particular crystal properties in terms o f atomic structure.
GRL plans issue on Arctic haze
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Arctic haze, a winter‐spring air pollution phenomenon in the Arctic, has recently become the focus of accelerating research interest. In the spring of 1983 alone, at least seven atmospheric research aircraft from four nations were involved in studies related to Arctic haze. Extensive ground measurements of haze parameters were conducted by five countries with interests in the Arctic.

These and earlier programs have produced new and exciting information covering a diverse range of topics. To assist in the overall study, interpretation, and dissemination of these data in a timely manner, a special issue/section of Geophysical Research Letters will be dedicated to the subject of Arctic haze and related meteorological/atmospheric studies. Publication is planned for the spring of 1984.
Circulation in the Coastal Ocean
Authors: Hsueh Y.
Published: October 2011

Coastal ocean dynamics as a distinct branch of dynamic oceanography has seen a tremendous amount of growth in the past 20 years or so. Although there remain many areas of contention, a sufficient amount of common understanding now exists in the open literature that a synthesis is worthwhile and indeed welcome. Circulation in the Coastal Ocean represents an effort to accomplish just that. The emphasis is on motions in the coastal ocean that cause large net particle movements and is therefore particularly appropriate for the current concerns for the environment. The scope of the monograph is, however, much more limited than first expected. The reader is led through the development of theories and physical arguments essentially following the impressive list of literature contributions from the author. The gravitation toward the works of one man precludes discussions of other important topics and approaches.
K. C. Yeh: Radio Science Editor
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Advances in satellite technology and computer science have had the greatest impact on radio science in the last quarter century, according to Kung Chie Yeh, the new editor of Radio Science. Yeh, whose term began July 1 (Eos, April 12, 1983, p. 137, February 22, 1983, p. 73), is a professor in the electrical engineering department at the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign.

An international authority on ionospheric radio physics, Yeh also is known for his work on trans‐ionospheric radio wave propagation as it affects earth‐space communications and satellite navigation. Hehas been studying radio science for nearly 30 years.
GOES‐4 failure investigated
Authors: Wilkinson Daniel C.
Published: October 2011

The Visual Infrared Spin‐Scan Radiometer (VISSR) on board the western Geosynchronous Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES‐4), failed at 0445 UT, November 26, 1982, as a series of intense storms descended on the California coast. The VISSR maps the earth and its cloud cover day and night and allows the tracking and forecasting of severe storm systems. This failure of the VISSR on board GOES‐4 deprived weather forecasters of an important means of tracking the nighttime progress of life‐threatening storms as they moved across the Pacific.

The cause o f this critical satellite failure is of great interest to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), operators of the GOES network. A study now in progress should resolve the reason for failure and determine whether solar activity caused it. Figure 1 was prepared at the National Geophysical Data Center in Boulder, Colo., in response to a call for information about the earth's space environment at the time of the GOES‐4 failure.
Space science reference books
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautic and Space Administration's (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center has recently produced a two‐volume reference detailing a wide range of information about the planets, their atmospheres, and their energy fields. Originally prepared by Marshall's Atmospheric Sciences Division as a guide for designing space vehicles, the report was 2 years in the making. It is now available to anyone who wants a handy reference on the current state of knowledge about the sun, planets, and smaller bodies of the solar system.

Entitled “Space and Planetary Environment Criteria Guidelines for Use in Space Vehicle Development, 1982 Revision,” the two volumes each have fewer than 200 pages. Volume 1 treats the sun, terrestrial space, the moon, Mercury, Venus, and Mars in individual chapters. Volume 2 covers Jupiter, Jupiter's satellites, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, asteroids, comets, and interplanetary dust. Crammed with numbers, tables, and figures, the two volumes provide a wide range of data, such as the total energy flux of the sun and the mass density o f interplanetary dust.
Genesis of the International Geophysical Year
Authors: Van Allen James A.
Published: October 2011

The plan for a third International Polar Year, later broadened in scope and renamed the International Geophysical Year 1957–1958, originated on April 5, 1950, at a small dinner party of geophysicists at my home at 1105 Meurilee Lane, Silver Spring, Maryland. The basic concept was put forward by Lloyd V. Berkner. He and Sydney Chapman were principally responsible for developing and enlarging the concept to a persuasive level of detail and potential implementation, with the help of suggestions by others present: Ernest H. Vestine, J. Wallace Joyce, S. Fred Singer, my wife, Abigail, and myself. I will give a brief account of the context within which this meeting occurred and of the evening's discussion.
Fossil records of volcanism
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Greenland glacial ice contains a fossil record of volcanic emissions transported in the stratosphere. C. V. Hammer, H. B. Clausen and W. Dansgaard (Nature, 288, 230, 1980) and M. W. Herron (Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 3052, 1982) noted peaks of relatively high acidity in the Greenland glacial stratigraphic record that are assumed to be due to precipitation of sulfuric acid aerosols after major volcanic eruptions. R. B. Stothers and M. R. Rampino of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York recently did a search of historical records and found an unexpected correlation of European volcano activity in the period 1500 B.C. to A.D. 1500 with dated acid maxima in Greenland ice (Science, 222, 411–412, 1983).

Stothers and Rampino's soon‐to‐be‐reported search (Journal of Geophysical Research, in press) included examination of “about one quarter of a million pages of modern English test” (Science). In their analysis they took into account the statistical uncertainty of the icecore dates and the time lags that would be expected to delay the arrival of acid rain from distant European volcano sources. Of course the problem of the analysis is that whereas there are extensive records of European volcanos, there is precious little information on volcano activity that must have occurred during the same period in the western Pacific and in the western hemisphere. Beginning with the volcano in Thera, Greece, set at about 1450 B.C. (the volcano date having been determined from “archeology and legend”) and its Greenland ice acid peak date set at about 1390 B.C. (± 50, by radiocarbon methods), Stothers and Rampino correlate historical data through Vesuvius (217–216 B.C), Etna (44 B.C.), and others. There seems to be an acid peak to correlate in each instance in the data of Hammer et al.
Artificial coal
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The geology and geochemistry of coal are receiving increased attention in federal government laboratories. Coal may be burned at increasing rates for centuries to come, and thus its properties must be better known. A new approach to coal research was reported recently by investigators at the Argonne National Laboratory (Chemical and Engineering News, November 21, 1983). A group from Argonne's Division of Chemistry has recently synthesized coal from natural materials. The results of this study may provide insight to the nature of the highly complex organic structures that are found in coal. Clearly, the goals of the Argonne program to characterize coal chemically and to document the geological processes of its formation are closer to being realized than ever before.
Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Space Telescope, scheduled for launch aboard the Space Shuttle in 1986, has been renamed the Edwin P. Hubble Space Telescope, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced. The orbiting optical astronomical observatory will carry a 2.4‐m mirror and five scientific instruments that will be able to look into space 7 times farther than any ground‐based observatory; NASA expects the resolution of the resulting images to be 10–20 times better than images from ground‐based instruments.

Hubble probably is best known for his discovery, with colleague Milton Humason, that the universe is expanding. Hubble confirmed that the faint, spiral nebulae viewed through the Mount Wilson Observatory's Hooker Telescope were distant systems receding from us at velocities proportional to their distances. Hubble was a staff member at Carnegie Institution's Mount Wilson Observatory near Pasadena, Calif., from 1919 until his death in 1953.
OTA Congressional Fellowship
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) is seeking qualified candidates from academia, industry, and government for its Congresional Fellowship Program for 1984–1985. The program, similar to AGU's Congressional Fellowship Program, provides an opportunity for individuals who have demonstrated outstanding ability to gain a better understanding of science and technology issues facing Congress and the ways in which Congress establishes national policy related to these issues.

OTA will select up to six fellows for a 1‐year program, to begin September 1984 on Capitol Hill. The fellowship is open to men and women of all disciplines who have demonstrated exceptional competency in the physical or biological sciences, engineering, law, economics, environmental and social sciences, or public policy. Candidates must have completed research and training at the doctoral level or have equivalent experience, as judged by the OTA selection committee. Salaries for successful candidates will range from $25,000 to $41,000 per year, based on the fellow's current salary and/or training and experience.
New radio telescope
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A new radio telescope to be placed atop 4205‐m‐high Mauna Kea in Hawaii will be the largest telescope of its kind ever built, and will open up previously unexplored submillimeter wavelengths to observation by astronomers when it begins operations in early 1986. The 10.4‐m diameter dish antenna is being constructed by the California Institute of Technology, using $3.9 million in funding from the National Science Foundation.

The dish will be able to collect radio waves as short as a third of a millimeter, shorter than any other radio telescope now in operation. This will allow investigation of a new region of the spectrum important to the study of interstellar molecular clouds, among other celestial objects.
Recent Ph.D.'s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman:(1) the dissertation title, (2) author's name, (3) name of the degree‐granting department and institution, (4) faculty advisor, (5) month and year degree was awarded. If possible include the current address and telephone number of the degree recipient (this information will not be published).
[Comment on “Opportunities for research in the geological sciences”] Geologic research opportunities
Authors: Macdonald Ken C.
Published: October 2011

I read with great interest the recent account in Eos of the National Research Council's Board of Earth Sciences (BES) report on “Opportunities for Research in the Geological Sciences,” and find the report to be an excellent summary of exciting research areas in continental geology (Eos, December 20, 1983, p. 985). However, the title of the report implies that the earth sciences as a whole are treated, and as such the report is plagued by several glaring omissions. It is important that these omissions be recognized because, as mentioned in Eos, this report will be used by government administrators to set priorities for future emphasis in federal funding.

The neglected topics include marine geology and geophysics, plate tectonics, paleoceanography, and paleoclimatology. Ironically, these may have been neglected because research in these areas has been so successful in the last 2 decades. As an aftermath to the extraordinary breakthrough related to marine geology and plate tectonics in the 1960s and 1970s, there has developed an atmosphere that I call the “post‐plate‐tectonic blues.” Indeed, the discovery and verification of plate tectonics is a tough act to follow, and so it is natural for the pendulum to swing toward important problems in continental geology. While such a swing is an understandable response to the last 2 decades, it is dangerously short sighted.
Reply [to Comment on “Opportunities for research in the geological sciences”]
Authors: Dickinson William R.
Published: October 2011

In response to Professor Macdonald's letter regarding Opportunities for Research in the Geological Sciences, I would like to point out the following considerations.

1. The report itself states on page 1 that it “examines those research opportunities that are pertinent to the programs of the National Science Foundation's Division of Earth Sciences.”
Fellowships in India
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In an effort to encourage stronger research ties between India and the United States, the Indo‐U.S. Subcommission on Education and Culture is offering 12 long‐term and 9 short‐term research fellowships in India in 1985 and 1986. The only requirement is that the applicants be U.S. citizens at the postdoctoral or equivalent postdoctoral level. The awards have no restrictions as to field of study, and because the program seeks to open new channels of communication between academic and professional groups in the two countries, those who have had little or no experience in India are especially encouraged to apply.

The long‐term fellowships are for 6 to 10 months, with a monthly allowance of $1500. Long‐term fellows will also receive travel money and allowances for dependents. The short‐term awards, for periods of 2 to 3 months, also offer a monthly payment of $1500. Funding for these fellowships is provided by the U.S. Information Agency, the National Science Foundation, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Government of India.
Other awards
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The William Bowie Medal is presented annually to recognize outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and for unselfish cooperation in research. The first award was made in 1939 to William Bowie. Three hydrologists have received the award: Oscar Edward Meinzer (1943); Johannes Theodoor Thijsse (1958); and Walter B. Langbein (1969).
Stochastic hydraulics
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Fourth IAHR International Symposium on Stochastic Hydraulics, cosponsored by AGU and the American Society of Civil Engineers, will be held July 31–August 2, 1984, at Urbana, 111. About 40 papers selected from submitted abstracts will be presented in the symposium.

Topics covered will include (but not be limited to) the following areas: risk and reliability analysis; safety of dams and other hydraulic structures; stochastic models; and stochastic processes of hydraulic and hydrologic phenomena such as turbulence, sediment transport, dispersion and diffusion, and random waves.

The proceedings of the Second International Conference, held in Urbana, Illinois, in June 1981, are available from Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colo., under the title, “Urban Stormwater Hydraulics and Hydrology” and “Urban Stormwater Quality, Management, and Planning.”
Rocks of low permeability
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The 17th International Congress of the IAH (International Association of Hydrogeologists) will meet in Tucson, Ariz., January 7–10, 1985. The deadline for abstracts is March 1, 1984, and final papers are due October 15, 1984.

The topic of the congress will be “Hydrogeology of Rocks of Low Permeability,” and speakers will include W. Back, J. F. Bredehoeft, G. de Marsily, J. E. Gale, P. Fritz, L. W. Gelhar, G. E. Grisak, C. W. Kreitler, M. R. Llamas, T. N. Narasimhan, I. Neretnieks, and E. P. Weeks. The congress will conclude with a panel discussion moderated by S. P. Neuman. Panelists include S. N. Davis, G. de Marsily, R. A. Freeze, P. A. Witherspoon, and I. Neretnieks.