bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Significance of Hematologic Indices in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Shabir Mohsin , Haq Ikram ul , Achakzai Humaira , Shabir Ahsan , Iltaf Muhammad Kashif , Ahmed Naseer
Published: June 2022

The leading cause of death worldwide is coronary heart disease (CHD). In patients with chronic heart failure, hemographic markers have been associated with clinical outcomes. Hemographic indices, or measures of white blood cells, are easy and useful, clear and simple predictors of both subclinical and systemic inflammation. Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the hospitalized patient for HF from April 2019- May 2020. Total 170 patients were enrolled in current study. The inclusion criteria of the study was patients above 18 years, hospitalized patient for HF, having an EF< 40% and having two or more symptoms of HF as well as be discharged alive from the hospital. The hemograhic indices were taken for each patient at the time of admission. The hemographic indices were defined as WBC count, neutrophil count, RL, NLR, and PLR. The neutrophil-platelet ratio (NLR) and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were derived as the ratios of neutrophil and platelet counts to lymphocyte counts, respectively. The entire test was performed by the hospital biochemistry lab under standard protocol. Patients were followed till six months. At the time of admission complete medical history and hemographic indices was recorded. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 25.0. The quantitative variables were presented by mean and standard deviation and qualitative with frequency/percentages. All the qualitative variables were compared among both by using Chi-square test and all quantitative variables by independent sample t test. The p-value less than 5% were considered as significant. Results:Total 170 patients were enrolled in current study among which 123(72.3%) survived and 47(27.64%) were died during 6 month follow up. The mean age among survived were 57.55+7.5 and dead was 59.96+7.9 (P-value= 0.06). According to gender male have dominance, in survived patients there were 98(79.7%) and in dead 38(80.9%) males (P-value= 0.86). 53(43.1%) patients were smokers in survived patients and 27(57.4%) in dead (P-value= 0.09). Status of comorbidities showed that the diabetes mellitus showed quite common among groups. The neutrophil count, WBC, lymphocyte count and NLR were elevated in deceased patients. The Platelet counts and hemoglobin levels were low in deceased. Conclusion: It was concluded from current study that the increased neutrophil count, WBC, lymphocyte count and NLR were associated with the mortality of HF patients
Sonographic evaluation, prevalence and differential diagnosis of renal cyst
Authors: Sunaina Ali  , Maniha Nauman  , Minahil Saleem  , Ms. Iqra Manzoor  , Dr. Iqra Ramzan  , Dr. Mehreen Fatima
Published: June 2022

Renal cysts are a common finding on routine ultrasound scans. Renal cysts are easily detected with ultrasound, with its low cost, non-invasiveness and no exposure to radiation, ultrasound is an exceptional method for primary evaluation of patients with cystic lesions. Most cysts detected by chance and are benign, but they can become complex if infection, bleeding, or ischemia occur. Objective: To assess the prevalence of renal cysts and find relationship with age and sex in the study group and to outline the differential diagnosis of renal cyst by ultrasonography. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. An ultrasound examination was performed on 109 patients who were diagnosed with renal cysts. Cystic wall thickness, form, number of cysts, and acoustic enhancement were employed as sonographic criteria for evaluating renal cysts. Results: The incidence of renal cysts were more in females than in male s(52.3% vs. 47.7%). The majority of the cysts were solitary than multiple (69.7% vs. 30.3%). Most of the cysts were at lower pole cortical cysts (22.9%). Simple cyst was the most common type (90.8%), autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) was 6.4%. 59 patients were asymptomatic and 50 patients were symptomatic with flank pain as the most common symptom. Conclusions: Simple cysts are the most frequently found kidney cysts on ultrasound. Aging and hypertension were common risk factors related with renal cysts. End-stage renal failure is caused by ADPKD, which is the most prevalent genetic cause. Diagnosis and early detection of renal cyst is important, routine ultrasound scans for adults is advisable prior to getting any serious complication.
SERUM IRON, COPPER and ZINC LEVELS IN PREECLAMPSIA AND NORMOTENSIVE PRIMIGRAVIDA FEMALES
Authors: Mobeen Rana Arshia , Shahzad Mahwish , Iftikhar Bushra , Ullah Zia , Shaheen Bushra , Hussain Shabbir
Published: June 2022

Hypertensive ailments of pregnancy are major health problems for women and their babies around the world. Among the hypertensive disorders, preeclampsia and eclampsia are the major risk factors for maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.  Now preeclampsia is considered a state of oxidative stress, in which over utilization of antioxidants may proceed into worst form of this disease. So, this study was planned to assess the role of serum iron, copper and zinc as co factors for antioxidant system, and compare their levels within primigravida normotensive pregnant women and preeclampsia women. Methods: It was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in Biochemistry department, University of health Sciences, Lahore. The study was carried out on 90 women which were divided into two equal groups of 45 each, preeclampsia and controls respectively. Serum levels of iron, copper and zinc were estimated by atomic absorption spectrometer. Data analyses were performed by utilizing SPSS version 20.0. Results: Serum levels of Fe and Cu were raised in preeclampsia patients, 151.85±61.22 (μg/dl), 130.83±48.29 (μg/dl) and serum Zn levels were decreased 77.94±23.55 (μg/dl) when compared with normotensive controls 104.39±55.36 (μg/dl), 116.64±26.56 (μg/dl), and 92.77±22.91 (μg/dl) respectively. A positive correlation between copper and systolic blood pressure (r= 0.440), BMI and weight (r = 0.543), while negative correlation of iron with zinc (r = -0.285) was observed in preeclamptic women. A negative correlation between copper and zinc (r = -0.440) was also observed in normal pregnant women but no such correlation was observed within Preeclampsia group. Conclusion: It is apparent from this study that increased levels of iron and copper and decreased levels of zinc during pregnancy is associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Efficacy And Surgical Outcome of Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin-C In Congenital Glaucoma with Hazy Cornea
Authors: Ali Muhammad Hassaan , Shah Syed Raza Ali , Butt Ayeza Nadeem , Jamal Samreen , Hamza Uzma , Butt Nadeem Hafeez
Published: June 2022

Glaucoma is characterized by an optic neuropathy associated with raised intraocular pressure (IOP)  and visual field defect Objective: To determine the efficacy and outcome of trabeculectomy augmented with anti-metabolite mitomycin-C in children with childhood glaucoma. Methods: A total of 40 eyes of 22 diagnosed cases of congenital glaucoma were studied. All these children underwent mitomycin-C augmented trabeculectomy from July 2017 to August 2020. The primary outcome was control of postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) at the end of one year. A target pressure of <15mmHg was set as target pressure to label a successful surgical outcome. Results: The mean age of the patients enrolled in the study was 26.8± 12.2 years (range: 8 – 32 months) with a male to female ratio of 7:4. The mean ± SD IOP before trabeculectomy surgery was (31.5± 8.6) (range: 21 – 53) mmHg. At the one-year follow-up, the mean postoperative IOP was (19.4± 7.9) (range: 9 – 48) mmHg. Target IOP < 15 mmHg was successfully achieved in 27 (67.5%), 24 (60.0%) and 22 (55.0%) eyes at postoperative 1, 6 and 12 months respectively. Repeat trabeculectomy was required in 5 (12.5%) eyes, while 5 (12.5%) eyes developed corneal perforations and 3 (7.5%) eyes developed phthisis bulbi. Conclusion: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C can be a primary surgical intervention in congenital glaucoma. However, repeat surgery may be required and other related surgical complications can occur after this surgery in patients with uncontrolled IOP.
Frequency Of Peripheral Neuropathy in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Presenting at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad
Authors: Yasir Abbas Syed , Auroj Hafsa , Sattar Lakho Arshad , Gohar Abro Akbar , Shahar Bano Ghulam , Hanif Rajput Tahir
Published: June 2022

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its infective pathogenic role leads to the psychiatric and neurological signs and symptoms. Therefore, close monitoring and regular follow-up is warranted. Objective: To find out the frequency of peripheral neuropathy among patients presenting at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad, having Chronic Hepatitis C. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 359 patients with chronic HCV, aged 20 to 70 years, who presented to the Liaquat University Hospital's Hepatitis Clinic and Outpatient Department of General Medicine and Neurology. Non-probability - sequential sampling was used to choose patients. Patients were asked about demographic information and the duration of chronic HCV after giving informed written consent. The clinical examination was performed to see if there were any reduced tendon reflexes in all of the patient's extremities. To diagnose peripheral neuropathy based on nerve conduction velocity, all patients had an electrophysiological test using a simplified nerve conduction study (NCS) methodology (NCV). The research lasted six months, from June 2021 to December 2021. The information was examined via SPSS version 25.0. Results: There were 219 Men (61%) And 140 Females (39%) among the 359 Patients. The average age (SD) of the participants was 42.3 (8.7) years (range 22–70). HCV infection lasted 36 months on average (range 1–156). Out of 359 patients, 61 had clinical peripheral neuropathy (PN) (17%). Electrophysiological evidence of PN was present in all of these patients, electrophysiological investigation revealed subclinical PN in 19 more patients (5.3%). Conclusion: On the basis of the findings from this study, it can be concluded that a high prevalence of peripheral neuropathy is present among the patients with HCV in our locality. However, an electrophysiological examination should always be done to avoid underestimating PN, particularly in older HCV patients.
Comparison of Effectiveness of Movement with Mobilization and Muscle Energy Technique in reducing Pain and improving Functional Status in patients with Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Ghaffar Awan Noman , Rehman Faizan ur , Asma . , Bilal Hamza , Azfar Hanan , Arif Rimsha , Muhammad Arslan Hafiz Rana
Published: June 2022

Adhesive capsulitis, “popularly is a condition with an unclear etiology known as Frozen Shoulder (FS)". This disorder limits the range of motion of the shoulder joint. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of movement with mobilization and muscle energy technique (METs) in reducing pain and improving functional status in patients with frozen shoulder Methods: Study was conducted at Department of Physiotherapy, Mayo Hospital Lahore after obtaining the consent from 36 patients. Patients were divided into Two groups. For two weeks, Group 1 received Movement with Mobilization Protest movements (MMM) while Group 2 received METs. The data was processed into SPSS and evaluated using the Independent Sample t test and Paired Sample t test. Results: The outcome assessment instruments, “goniometer for ROM” and “shoulder pain, and disability index,” revealed that “Motion by Mobility is more effective than Muscle Energy Technique in increasing ROM and operational condition” of the patient having frozen shoulder. Conclusions: There was a considerable improvement in pain and ROM from pre-treatment levels in both the study groups. Whereas “Movement with Mobilization is more effective than Muscle Energy Technique” in alleviating pain, enhancing range of motion, and enhancing functional capacity in “patients with shoulder pain.”
The Economic Burden of Viral hepatitis C infection at various stages of the disease in District Mardan, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Sajjad , Nosheen Misbah
Published: June 2022

Hepatitis C is a blood-borne, infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). It attacks hepatic cells, causing infection and inflammation in the liver, eventually leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Globally, around 200M people carry HCV with mortality rate of 350,000 due to chronic complications of the liver triggered by HCV. Objective: To assess the overall annual cost borne by chronic HCV patients at various stages of the disease in District Mardan, Pakistan. Methods: Out of total 160 patients, 135, 19 and 6 patients had non-cirrhotic, compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis and other complications respectively, Data were obtained from these identified patients’ trough well designed questions based on their social and economic burden in 2019. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were applied to estimate the direct and indirect medical costs of HCV in District Mardan. Results: This research discovered a significant link between direct and indirect costs and various phases of viral hepatitis C. The per patient annual indirect costs non-medical costs at different stage of HCV infection was found Rs. 10000 (66.57 $), Rs. 25700 (171.10 $) and Rs. 83200 (553.92 $) for non- cirrhotic, compensated cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis patients where non-medical costs  were estimated Rs. 2000 (13.31 $), Rs. 3235 (66.57 $), and Rs. 7540 (50.19 $), for non- cirrhotic, compensated cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis patients  and their average were estimated as Rs.51533 (343.09 $),  and 4258.33 (28.35. whereas The estimated per patient direct cost for non-cirrhotic, compensated cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis are Rs.51060 (339.94 $), 108650 (723.36 $) and 224370(1493.80 $). Conclusions: It was concluded that indirect medical costs grew up with the progression of disease as productivity loss due to absenteeism increases and traveling expenses increases with increased in number of hospital visits.
Hepatoprotective and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Crude methanolic extract of Euphorbia pilulifera via NF-KB/Nrf2/Akt/TGF-β1 pathway
Authors: Shams Ammara , Brice Landry Koloko , Shams Faiza , Tariq Somayya , Azeem Ayesha , Anjum Hamza , Latief Noreen , Malik Kausar , Ijaz Bushra
Published: June 2022

Liver fibrosis is a natural process that initiates after liver injury to repair the damaged tissue. The liver has a significant capacity for self-repair of the damaged tissue. To a great extent, the miscellaneous interactions of immune cell subtypes manage these repair procedures like fibrosis and wound healing. Objectives: To assess the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of Euphorbia pilulifera through modulating the NF-KB/Nrf2/AKT/TGF-β1 pathway. Methods: Euphorbia pilulifera methanolic extract was primarily assessed for its cytotoxic potential against HepG2 cells. Methanolic extract of E. pilulifera showed 90% hepatoprotective activity against CCl4- induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. The methanolic extract downregulated the NF-κB gene by 90%; the AKT, gene by 14%, and the TGF-β1 gene expression by 69% at the concentration of 50µg/ml at the mRNA level. On the other hand, methanolic extract of E. pilulifera increased the expression of the Nrf2 gene by 44% at 50µg/ml concentration. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of leaves extract through DPPH radical scavenging assay was estimated. Results: Methanolic extract showed 50.83± 0.39% inhibition against DPPH radicals at 200µg/ml concentration. In addition, the anti-inflammatory potential of the crude extract was assessed. The methanolic extract at 25µg/ml concentration revealed the maximum percentage of hemolysis protection. The methanolic extract was found highly effective against inflammation and hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: Euphorbia pilulifera leaf extract has the potential to ameliorate hepatic injury and inflammation in HepG2 cells.
Comparison between Static Stretching Exercises and Eccentric Muscle Energy Techniques in Upper Cross Syndrome: Randomized control trial
Authors: Irshad Asima , Fahad Khan Muhammad , Khan Mehwish , Rabia Kaniz , Aslam Javeria , Zafar Ibraheem , Masood Ramsha , Naz Iqra , Aslam Maimoona , Nazir Ammanullah
Published: June 2022

Neck pain is the most common complaint and Cervical pain is more common in middle-aged women than in males. The most prevalent reason for patients to seek medical attention is neck pain. Objective: To identify the effectiveness of stretching and muscle energy techniques along with mobilization of cervical segment in the management of upper cross syndrome.Methods: The randomized controlled experiment took place from August 2018 to January 2019 at Benazir Bhutto Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Centre in Pakistan (Rawalpindi) and included patients with upper cross syndrome that were randomly consigned to two equal groups using a lottery system. The Group-A patients management is eccentric muscular energy therapy with cervical segmental mobilization, although Group-B patients treatment protocol is static stretching exercises accompanied by  segmental mobilization of cervical spine . Each patient received two sessions each week for three weeks, during which their visual analogue scale, and neck disability index were measured. An inclinometer was used to measure the cervical passive range of motion. Data was collected at the commencement of the study and again after three weeks of treatment. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty (20%) of the 40 individuals were in each of the two groups. The average age in Group-A was 42.7511.13 years. It remained 40.509.14 years in Group-B. On all metrics, the eccentric muscular energy technique and static stretching approach equally demonstrated substantial results that is P Value is less than 0.05.Conclusion: Both approaches were shown to be equally successful in lowering neck impairment, enhancing cervical range of motion, and decreasing pain
Ashwagandha And Its Pharmacological Activity Against Immunity
Authors: Koser Nazia , Mubashar Hooria , Hassan Amber
Published: June 2022

As pandemic hit the globe, stress in people increased drastically. Some people were losing their jobs while others were restricted to their homes due to precautionary measures against COVID-19 infection. Some were stressed about their living while others concerned about their families being affected. Many lost their dear ones. But one thing we learnt in this phase was fighting immunity and how immunity plays a vital role in prevention of disease.

Ashwagandha (roots of Withania somnifera, fam. Solanaceae) is named generally as "Indian Winter cherry" or "Indian Ginseng" has been in use for medicinal purposes since more than 3000 years [1]. This herb is one of the main spices of Ayurveda (the customary arrangement of medication in India) consumed since centuries as a Rasayana (rejuvenator) for its larger spectrum of medical advantages.  By increasing cell-mediated immunity, Ashwagandha boosts the body's resistance against disease. It also has powerful antioxidant properties, which help to protect cells from free radical damage.

The bitter leaves are used to treat fevers and uncomfortable swellings. Aphrodisiac, astringent, depurative, diuretic and aphrodisiac are all properties of the flowers. It can also help eliminate white spots from the cornea when combined with rock salt and an astringent. Hysteria, anxiety, memory loss, syncope, and other conditions are treated with Ashwagandharishta, which is made from it. It is also consumed for nervous exhaustion, insomnia, neurodegenerative diseases, memory loss [2]. It is also used as anti-inflammation, anti-cancerous, general weakness, impotency and respiratory disorders [3]. A randomized controlled trial has suggested its role in the treatment of anxiety and depression in schizophrenia [4]. Its role in health and healing has also been observed [5]. As studies show its role on immunity so we should consume it in our daily lives for variety of benefits.
An unusual complication after subarachnoid block in a cesarean section patient: Lidocaine allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: GOEL SARGAM , AGARWAL MAMTA , SARKAR ARIJIT , PAKRASHI MADHU
Published: June 2022

Type I hypersensitivity reactions to lidocaine are infrequent, whilst type IV- delayed hypersensitivity reactions are even rarer, with only a few reported cases in the literature. A proper diagnosis is essential to differentiate between the two, for appropriate management of the same. As local anesthetic agents are routinely used for various invasive procedures, it is imperative to be familiar with the presentation and management of the such allergic reactions.
We present a case of morbidly obese obstetric patient who developed allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) after receiving subcutaneous lidocaine before subarachnoid block. Patch test was positive for lidocaine, and the diagnosis was further confirmed by a positive intradermal challenge test.
Effects of preservation on chemical composition and sensory analysis of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in Tema, Ghana
Authors: Alhassan Elliot , Ayisi Christian , Tagoe Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Although fish is an integral part of Ghanaian diets and play important nutritional role, much research has not been conducted with respect to the nutritional composition and sensory analysis of marine fishes in Ghana. This study evaluated chemical composition and sensory analysis of Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) sampled from Tema in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Four different samples; very dry smoked (Sample A), dry smoked (sample B), moist smoked (sample C) and fresh (sample D) skipjack tuna were used for this study. Chemical composition (moisture, ash and protein) was analysed using standard laboratory methods whilst sensory parameters (colour, odour, flavour, texture and overall acceptance) were assessed using 20 trained panelists. There were significant differences in moisture and crude protein contents (P < 0.05). Ash content was however non-significantly different. Moisture content for very dry smoked skipjack tuna, dry smoked skipjack tuna, moist smoked skipjack tuna and fresh skipjack tuna were 49.79 ± 1.73 %, 60.22 ± 1.80 %, 59.32 ± 0.01 % and 68.65 ± 0.16 %, respectively whilst crude protein content were 90.83 ± 1.09 %, 73.32 ± 1.09 %, 88.15 ± 1.19 % and 91.72 ± 0.19 %, respectively for very dry smoked skipjack tuna, dry smoked skipjack tuna, moist smoked skipjack tuna and fresh skipjack tuna. It can be concluded that different methods of preservation (smoking) have significant influence on proximate composition as well as sensory analysis. It is suggested that further studies be conducted on sensory analysis and proximate composition of fish sold on Ghanaian markets. In addition, we recommend that the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) conduct regular studies on fish to ascertain the quality.
Recent Updates on Diagnosis and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2: A Review
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Genwa Mahaveer , Singh Bhagat , Meena P L
Published: June 2022

SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome - corona virus-2) emerged as a deadly virus and took approximately 3,422,907 deaths so far globally. The case fatality rate for SARS-CoV-2 is about 3-4% far below in comparison with the previous outbreaks including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. So far, the infection has reached in stage 3 i.e., community transmission in most of the countries, globally. The vaccine development is only the way by which the world could getout from this outbreak.
Many vaccines have been developed by scientific communities up to the phase 3 trials and
expecting some fruitful result out of it. In this review, we have discussed about the current status for COVID-19, the
incubation and recovery period of the virus, structure of the virus, biological properties and its mechanism of
replication. We have also discussed its health impact and current medicinal drugs including Remdesivir,
Hydroxychloroquine, etc. and vaccines which are currently in trial phase, and lastly what could be the future plan to
neutralize the effect of this outbreak.
Evaluation of a relation of convergence insufficiency with error of refraction in a Rural Hospital set-up
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Pant Kamal
Published: June 2022

Aim: The study was conducted to know a relation of convergence insufficiency with error of refraction in a Rural Hospital set-up
Methodology: A cross-sectional study and randomized selection of sample was conducted to determine the
Convergence insufficiency using different subjective techniques in subjects of age (20-30years) in UPUMS saifai,
Etawah. Subjects of age of 20-30 years of age were included in the initial screening for measuring visual acuity. The
subjects emmetropes or ametropes with BCVA, Best Corrected Visual Acuity of 6/6 -6/9 in both eyes were only included
while subjects having history of any ocular or systemic pathology affecting VA were excluded. Data collected was
recorded and statistical calculations were done.
Results: Out of sample population (47% males and 53% females with mean age of 10.04 years), 16% were significantly
affected with CI including emmetropes, myopes, hypermetropes and astigmats. In this study, the prevalence of Moderate
CI and Severe CI was 10% and 6% respectively while the prevalence of REs was Myopic astigmatism=53%, Myopia =19%,
Hypermetropic astigmatism =11%, emmetropic =10%, Hypermetropic =4% and Mixed astigmatism =3%. Significant
amount of association was found between CI and Myopia.
Conclusion: Both CI and REs were shown to have very high prevalence (in particular CI and myopia). The results of this study are surely going to benefit the researchers in comprehending the relation of CI with REs. The study pointed on the necessity of visual screening for REs as well as CI of students at institution platform. It is essential to identify the subject prone to, referral for further investigation and management before the development of any symptom in order to prevent convergence insufficiency related anomalies.
Diagnosis of HCV Infection Using Different Rapid Methods, ELISA and Anti HCV Test
Authors: Tomer Varun Kumar , . Sonia , Singh Bhagat , Kumard Mahesh , Kaushike Stuti , Panwar Reena , Singh Renu
Published: June 2022

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) mainly cause liver associated problem worldwide. Most of the affected people
develop liver cirrhosis which develop as a major health issue.
Aim: This study aimed towards HCV infection in rural population in India.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Rama Medical College and Research Centre over a period of 6
months from 1 January to 30 June, 2021. A total of 721 patients of age between (1 – 85) years were screened and
checked for presence of anti-HCV antibody using ELISA and Immunochromatography test.
Result: A total of 53 (7.35%) from 721 samples were positive 26 (49.05%) male and 27 (50.9%) females using
Immunochromatography test, and then these 53 positive samples were further tested by ELISA as confirmatory test.
Out of 53 samples 48 samples were found true positive while 5 samples were found false positive.
Conclusion: HCV Infection in this study was found 6.65% in rural area in Hapur District of Utter Pradesh. Disease mostly observed in elder person (50-65) then younger ones. About 49.05 % males and 50.9 % female were found positive.
Emerging Educational Technologies at University: the experience foreign and domestic higher education institutions
Authors: Gorshkova Valentina
Published: June 2022

This article provides a brief analysis of the aspects of modern information culture. The most promising initiatives and trends for the development of the educational environment of higher education are presented. The problems of the information model implementation in the world systems of higher education and the universal factors of influence on its effectiveness are considered.
Mitigasi Bencana Tsunami Bagi Siswa SD Negeri 1 Latuhalat
Authors: Lawalata Felix Fernando , Meilanny Cornelis  , Velicia Ivena Hutubessy  , Bireinda Tirza Violetta Tuapattinaya  , Ronald Darlly Hukubun
Published: June 2022

Disaster mitigation is an effort to minimize physical and material losses in the event of a disaster. This activity aims to provide insight and knowledge for early childhood about tsunami disaster mitigation. The method of service is by providing material on tsunami disaster mitigation with the hope that the participants who are students of SD Negeri 1 Latuhalat can apply what has been explained when the disaster occurs in order to minimize the loss of life.
Pengukuran Komponen Fisik Atlet PON Cabang Olahraga Dayung Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Ihsan Andi , Asyhari Hasbi , Sufitriono  , Kamaruddin Ilham
Published: June 2022

Based on the results of observations and monitoring carried out during the exercise of the physical condition of the rowing athletes, there are still many who do not properly follow the instructions and directions from the trainer how to do quality physical condition exercises in accordance with the components and principles of the exercise. This partnership program provides solutions on how to carry out good and correct tests and measurements of the main physical components in rowing, an explanation of how to implement a physical condition training program using weight training. Tests and measurements of the physical components carried out on rowing athletes in this partnership program are: (1) Arm muscle endurance using the push up method, abdominal muscle endurance using the sit up method and leg muscle endurance using the half squat jump method (2) Flexibility using the flexometer method (3) Eye and hand coordination by throwing the ball against the wall (4) Arm power using the medicine ball method and (5) General endurance using the bleep test method (multi stage fitness test). The results of the tests and measurements found that there were no athletes who entered the perfect category, only 1 person (6.25%) was in the Very Good category, as many as 9 people (56.25%) were in the Good category, 6 people (37.50%) were in the Enough category and none were into the Less category. The conclusion is that the physical components of the South Sulawesi rowing athletes who are prepared to take part in the XX National Sports Week in Papua are still in the Good category.
Upaya Peningkatan Minat Belajar di Era New Normal Pada Anak-Anak Warga Dusun II Desa Tumpatan
Authors: Neni Triastuti  , Fahmi Sulaiman
Published: June 2022

The problem of online learning is one of the problems felt by all children and adults. As in the learning era in the midst of a pandemic, learning has not yet obtained maximum results and is even lagging behind other countries. The purpose of this community service is so that school-age children do not feel bored because of online learning and have a high interest in learning in the future. Then knowledge and understanding are given to the target regarding the procedures for building interest in learning, so that it is hoped that they can learn according to government regulations. The target achieved in this service is to increase interest in learning and will increase knowledge in being a student in the midst of the Covid 19 pandemic. The method used is to provide socialization on procedures for building interest in learning to redefine knowledge that was left behind due to the pandemic. The resulting learning process to the government and provide knowledge, understanding and skills of learners. The lecture method and visits from participants as well as evaluating explanations about increasing interest in learning using learning media will provide a more real assessment of the target for the success of this activity. It is hoped that the target will participate in the socialization seriously and is targeted to produce knowledge and skills in general knowledge both online so that it can provide even better benefits in increasing knowledge.
"Challenges and Strategies in Online Learning: Perspective of Filipino Pre-Service Teachers amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic"
Authors: Sahib Edimar J.
Published: June 2022

The abrupt upsurge of the COVID-19 pandemichas indeedcaused chaos in various educational institutions. As schools and universities suddenly migrated from traditional classes to online learning, unwanted challengeswere experiencedby bothstudents and teachers.Thus, the search for effective strategies in this regardis deemed more than pivotal to survive this new paradigm shift. This present study basically aims to provide a nuanced understandingof the challenges and strategies employed by Filipino pre-service teachers in online learning. Furthermore, the research designutilized in this study was qualitativeapproachwhereinthe participantsenrolled in Western Mindanao State University were purposively selected. The results of content analysis disclosed the followingthemes of their challenges in online learning:unstable internet connection, lack of concentration, role conflict, vague lesson instructions, unhealthy lifestyle, lower self-esteem, overloaded requirements, lack of needed device, poor learning environment, and insufficient learning references. On another note,the results oftheir strategies in online learning revealedthe following themes: searching for a conducive environment, being self-prepared, being motivated, getting in touch with friends, asking help from classmates, making use of search engines, being organized, and being optimistic and relaxed. Based on these findings, compelling suggestions were then elaboratedto help the participantscopewith their struggles inonline learning.
Diversidade e antidiscriminação : estudos, contextos e vivências
Authors:   Elaile Silva Carvalho,   Marco Adriano Ramos Fonsêca
Published: June 2022

O e-book que ora se apresenta é composto de dezesseis artigos que abordam temas contemporâneos, tais como a diáspora africana, o racismo estrutural, o feminicídio, o etarismo e o ageísmo, a diversidade sexual, as questões de gênero, a lgbtfobia, a estética e a beleza negra, as ações afirmativas, os direitos humanos e as políticas públicas, o ensino da história africana e afro-brasileira. Cada artigo apresenta uma análise calcada em situações concretas vivenciadas no mundo de que participamos como sujeitos e não como meros espectadores, demonstrando a maturidade autoral ao tratar de questões delicadas e ao apontar possíveis soluções aos problemas analisados.
《鱿鱼游戏》：荒诞中的现实本质之叙事建构
Authors:   内蒙古大学, 张 甜蕊
Published: June 2022

“荒诞”作为一种美学形态在艺术领域内由来已久，但其与国产电影、电视剧等影视艺术形式中的运用目前还在探索阶段，而探索“怎么运用”也就是在探讨“影视叙事手法或技巧”的问题。结合最近几年韩国两部堪称现象级的荒诞特质突出的两部作品《寄生虫》、《鱿鱼游戏》的叙事技巧和荒诞建构，探讨其与现实产生的千丝万缕的联系，解读在文本之上，视听艺术的叙事手法究竟是怎样为影视的艺术价值加成，最终意在探究概括出国产荒诞现实类题材作品值得借鉴和学习的叙事技巧和经验：欲破则立，即破即立。
Profit Efficiency, Weather Risk and Climate Adaptation Practices of Rice Farmers in Myanmar
Authors: Aye Myo Sabai , Nomura Hisako , Takahashi Yoshifumi , Yabe Mitsuyasu
Published: June 2022

In recent years most developing countries, including Myanmar, have been seriously affected by the negative effect of climate variability—such as erratic rainfall, increased temperatures, longer dry spells, flooding and saltwater intrusion—during the crop growing season. Furthermore, most farmers lack knowledge of climate variability and how to cope with the negative effect of climate change. This study aimed to evaluate the profitability and profit efficiency of rice farmers in the Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar, during 2019 monsoon growing season, taking into consideration the effect of weather shock and farmers’ agricultural adaptation practices to climate variability. The Cobb-Douglas functional form was applied, with maximum likelihood techniques, to estimate rice growing productivity and the influencing factors of profit inefficiency among individual rice farmers. The average profit efficiency level of the yield loss group was approximately 0.39, while that of the no yield loss group was 0.66, indicating a relatively large gap between the two groups (27% wider distribution). Observation of the climate adaptation performances of rice farmers indicated that rice production incorporating climate adaptation practices (CAP) led to a significantly better average profit efficiency score (66%) than rice production omitting CAP. This study clearly revealed that the effect of weather variability on individual rice farmers leads to large variations in net profit and profit efficiency for monsoon rice production in the study area. Climate-smart agricultural practices should be developed through agricultural extension services, and using farmer-to-farmer extension services, to share information and technologies among smallholder rice farmers.
Crude Aqueous Root Extracts of Solanum spp. Show Nematotoxic Activity Against Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Ferreira A. A. , Ombredane A. S. , Pimentel R. R. , Ferreira P. D. S. , Cares J. E. , Santos J. R. P. , Furlanetto C. , Rocha T. L.
Published: June 2022

Brazilian crops are strongly affected by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, which compromises food production and causes serious economic losses around the world. Synthetic nematicides are still some of the main control strategies for this pathogen, despite the high risk to human health and the environment. Therefore, sustainable biotechnology represents a viable alternative for nematode control. Plants of the Solanaceae family are present in several biomes and are a source of secondary metabolites of various chemical classes. In this context, the nematotoxic effect of crude aqueous root extracts (CAREs) of three Solanum species was investigated: Solanum americanum, S. subinerme and S. lycocarpum. CARE showed high nematicidal activity (94.6±9.2% mortality, p ≤ 0.001) against second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita, even after heating to 50 °C. These CAREs also inhibited hatching of juveniles (98.4±0.7% of mortality, p ≤ 0.001) in addition to presenting a mean lethal dose of 336 μg ml-1. No toxic activity was observed against non-target organisms, such as fungi (Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma asperellum), yeast (Candida maltosa), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiaens, B. japonicum), two strains of Azospirillum brasilense, AbV 5 and AbV 6 and Bacillus [2538 Ba]. Bioassay performed in a greenhouse demonstrated that CAREs of these species were effective in reducing the number of egg masses and galls (> 85%, p ≤ 0.0001), and did not show a phytotoxic effect on soybean seedlings. Our findings indicate that CAREs from plants of the Solanaceae family, especially S. lycocarpum, demonstrated nematotoxic activity on J2 and inhibited the hatching of Meloidogyne incognita eggs, representing an ecologically appropriate tool to control nematode infection in crops worldwide.
Control of Meloidogyne incognita Using Aqueous Extracts and Solanum stramonifolium Jacq. Dialisates
Authors: Costa T. G. , Cruz Athamy S. de P. , Lourenço Estela C. de O. , Ferreira Paula D. S. , Viol Lívia C. S. , Lima Loiane A. de , Mendonça José L. , Pinheiro Jadir B. , Polez Vera L. P. , Dias Simoni C. , Engler Janice de A. , Rocha Thales L.
Published: June 2022

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) considerably affect their plant hosts, causing extensive damage in the world agriculture. The most widely used method to control these pathogens is through the intensive application of nematicides, despite being highly toxic to humans, animals, and the environment. The urgent search for alternative forms of control based on natural resources that are effective, provide a targeted strategy that is less toxic and less harmful to the environment. The species Solanum stramonifolium Jacq. (Solanaceae) have been described as resistant to root-knot nematode infection and other diseases, such as fungi and bacteria. Nematotoxic assays here presented demonstrated that aqueous crude seed extract from S. stramonifolium is very effective against second stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita even at very low concentrations such 100µg mL-1 during in vitro bioassays. Furthermore, this extract also demonstrated a nematicidal effect after a heating process at 50 °C, killing more than 90% of M. incognita J2. No toxic activity was observed against non-target organisms, like bacteria, and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans at concentrations varying from 25 to 512 µg mL-1. Finally, greenhouse assays showed that external dialysate (ED) can be used to control nematodes in the soil, and that the plants treated with the dialysates display a reproduction factor lower than the synthetic nematicide used as positive control.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 14, No. 7
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: June 2022

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 14, No. 7, 2022.
The Classification, Isolation and Function of Amino Acid Transporters in Plants
Authors: Peng Bo , Zhang Qing-Xi , Peng Juan , Sun Xiao-Yu , Liu Yan , Lou An-Qi , Qiu Jing , Sun Yan-Yang , Huang Ya-Qin , Song Xiao-Hua
Published: June 2022

Amino acid transporters (AATs) have essential roles in transport of a broad range of amino acids, which are indispensable in plant growth and development. While many putative AATs have been identified and the complete genomic sequences of the important plants have already been completed by splicing and assembling, there is still little known about the functions of different AATs and their effects on plants. Therefore, this study mainly reviewed the role of AATs in plants from three aspects: the classification, isolation and cloning of AATs and the functional research of AATs. This review would provide useful references for the utilization of AATs in staple food crops.
KLASIFIKASI TINGKATAN LEVEL KUMON DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE NAÏVE BAYES CLASSIFIER
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Valentika Nina , Aden Aden
Published: June 2022

Kumon merupakan bimbingan belajar yang menerapkan sistem pembelajaran berdasarkan level yang disesuaikan dengan kemampuan individu, bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan kemampuan serta kecerdasan setiap individu. Dengan metode pembelajaran kumon banyak siswa yang dapat belajar dengan level di atas tingkatan kelas, di bawah tingkatan kelas, dan setara tingkatan kelas. Dalam menentukan tingkatan level kumon biasanya baru terlihat pada siswa saat mengikuti kelas kumon selama 6 bulan sampai dengan 1 tahun. Namun dengan menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes Classifier akan mudah dan cepat dalam memprediksi tingkatan level kumon pada siswa dengan melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkatan level siswa seperti motivasi belajar, minat belajar, kebiasaan belajar, dan jenis kelamin siswa.

Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan berdasarkan hasil pengujian confussion matrix, diperoleh nilai accuracy sebesar 70%, class precision sebesar 75% kategori di atas tingkatan kelas, class precision sebesar 100% kategori di bawah tingkatan kelas, class precision sebesar 60% kategori setara tingkatan kelas, class recall sebesar 100% kategori di atas tingkatan kelas, class recall sebesar 25% kategori di bawah tingkatan kelas, dan class recall sebesar 100% kategori setara tingkatan kelas. Sehingga dapat dinyatakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes Classifier dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi klasifikasi tingkatan level kumon. Namun diharapkan penelitian berikutnya menggunakan atribut lain agar mendapatkan algoritma yang lebih akurat.
CLUSTERING DATA KENAIKAN KELAS SISWA MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH (MTs) MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY C-MEANS ( STUDI KASUS MTs PLUS AL AMIN BANJAREJO )
Authors: Nurkholis Joko , Oktafianto Kresna , Thohari Hamim
Published: June 2022

Kenaikan kelas merupakan kegiatan rutin tahunan sebuah sekolah baik jenjang Sekolah Dasar, Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Pertama dan Sekolah Menengah Atas. Kegiatan ini menjadi masalah ketika dalam kenaikan kelas akan dikelompokan menjadi dua kelas. Proses memilih siswa untuk mengisi kelas dengan kategori unggul dan kelas biasa dengan melihat jumlah nilai kompetensi siswa. Penelitian ini digunakan untuk mengekplorasi  kompetensi siswa yang tersusun dalam raport ketika kenaikan kelas. Dengan algoritma Fuzzy C-Means, aneka ragam kompetensi calon siswa dapat terkelompokkan secara rinci sesuai dengan kompetensi yang siswa miliki. Hasil klasterisasi ini akan menjadi dasar untuk menempatkan calon siswa memasuki kelas unggul atau kelas biasa. Dengan membentuk komunitas kelas unggul dan kelas biasa, ada iklim baru pada strategi dan metode pembelajaran hasil yang diharapkan proses belajar nyaman, menyenangkan dan kompetitif. Evaluasi kluster dilakukan dengan kedekatan  kompetensi  siswa dalam sebuah kluster yang menunjukkan perbedaan kualitas antara kluster kelas unggul dan kelas biasa. Evaluasi cluster berdasarkan indek PCI (Partition Coefficient) = 0.7675966 (Kuat).
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPUASAN PELAYANAN KANTOR DESA PEUSAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION INDEX (CSI) DAN IMPORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (IPA)
Authors: Nurasiah Siti , Aden Aden , Rahman Andi Nur
Published: June 2022

Kantor Desa merupakan tempat yang dikunjungi masyarakat untuk melakukan suatu pelayanan. untuk mewujudkan suatu visi pada Desa Peusar, maka dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan masyarakat terhadap kualitas pelayanan dan mengidentifikasi atribut dalam dimensi yang perlu diperbaiki untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan terhadap masyarakat. Terdapat lima dimensi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, antara lain: Tangible (Bukti Fisik), Reliability (Kehandalan), Responsiveness (Daya Tanggap), Assurance (Jaminan) dan Empathy (Empati). Peneliti menggunakan dua metode untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ini dengan menggunakan metode Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan masyarakat berdasarkan atribut tertentu dalam dimensi yang akan diukur. Selanjutnya dengan metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) untuk mengetahui bagaimana kinerja petugas dan memperbaiki pelayanan yang perlu dilakukan oleh petugas. Melalui perhitungan CSI, dengan nilai kriteria indeks kepuasan sebesar 85% dapat diketahui bahwa masyarakat merasa sangat puas dengan pelayanan petugas. Melalui analisis IPA, dari ke lima dimensi yang digunakan terdapat tiga dimensi. Dimensi ke tiga yaitu responsiveness terdapat dua atribut yang perlu dilakukan perbaikan. Dimensi ke empat yaitu assurance terdapat dua atribut yang perlu dilakukan perbaikan. Dimensi ke lima yaitu empathy terdapat satu atribut yang perlu dilakukan perbaikan pelayanan..
OPTIMASI PERENCANAAN PRODUKSI TELUR ASIN KHAS BREBES UNTUK MENCAPAI KEUNTUNGAN MAKSIMUM DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLEKS
Authors: Aditia Bagus , Ilmadi Ilmadi , Rahman Andi Nur
Published: June 2022

Metode simpleks digunakan untuk menyelesaikan persoalan pemograman linear yang teknik penentuannya menggunakan solusi optimal dengan perhitungan berkali-kali atau iterasi yang dilakukan dengan berulang-ulang. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengoptimalkan produksi telur asin khas Brebes di industri rumahan Bapak Nato. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, mendeskripsikan dan menginterprestasikan penerapan program linear dan mendapatkan hasil data yang dapat diamati. Subjek pada penelitian ini yaitu produksi telur asin khas Brebes dengan keuntungan maksimum. Hasil perhitungan menggunakan metode simpleks dengan alat bantu softwareQM for Windows menunjukan bahwa produksi yang diterapkan di industri rumahan Bapak Nato belum optimal. Tingkat produksi optimal sebesar Rp. 5.580.250 dengan memproduksi telur asin mentah 70 boks denga isi 700 butir, telur asin rebus 102 boks denga isi 1020 butir, telur asin bakar 80 boks isi 800 butir dan telur asin panggang 122 boks isi 1220 butir. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan meneruskan penelitian ini yakni mencari perbandingan perolehan hasil pada program linear dan perolehan perusahaan.