bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic variants in Colombian patients with inherited cardiac conditions
Authors: Rucinski Cynthia , Yunis Luz Karime , Rosas Fernando , Santacruz David , Camargo Juan Manuel , Yunis Juan José
Published: October 2022

Background

Clinical and molecular diagnosis of inherited cardiac conditions is key to find at‐risk subjects and avoid preventable deaths. This study aimed to identify genetic variants in a sample of Colombian patients diagnosed with inherited cardiac conditions.

Methods

Next‐generation sequencing (Illumina platform) using a 231 gene panel was performed in blood samples of 25 unrelated patients with age disease onset between 9 and 55 years.

Results

Genetic testing yield was 52%. Two novel likely pathogenic/ pathogenic variants were found: a DSP nonsense variant in a patient with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and a KCNE1 frameshift variant in two patients with long QT syndrome. Younger individuals (<18 years) had the highest genetic testing yield (66.6%) compared to 50% and 20% in young adults and patients over 40 years, respectively. All subjects affected with long QT syndrome with a severe event while exercising had a positive genetic test. They also had four times more loss of consciousness events and, resuscitated sudden cardiac arrest was more representative.

Conclusion

This study is the first one undertaken in Colombia to evaluate inherited cardiac conditions. It highlights the need to perform mutational analysis to provide adequate genetic counseling and to be able to identify patients at risk of severe events.
Low‐profile high‐gain broadband circularly polarized slot antenna with RCS reduction using polarization conversion metasurface
Authors: Deng Shasha , Zhang Xiang , Ding Jun , Zhang Hualiang , Chen Weidong , Zhang Zhongxiang , Chen Chang
Published: October 2022

A novel design of circularly polarized broadband slot antenna with high gain, low profile, and low radar cross‐section (RCS) is proposed by employing polarization conversion metasurface (MS). By introducing sawtooth corner‐truncated square MS with diagonal gaps, a compact circularly polarized antenna composed of 4 × 4 unit cells is presented. It is found that a smaller MS slot antenna can achieve an impedance bandwidth of 42.9% (3.7–5.72 GHz) and a 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 22.8% (4.55–5.72 GHz). Simultaneously, the MS can realize polarization conversion. The MS and its orthogonal units were arranged in a chessboard‐type pattern and applied as the radiator of a larger MS slot antenna, which was fed by a sequentially rotated feeding network. In addition, owing to the anti‐phase cancellation and scattering, the 5‐dB average RCS reduction can be obtained within the frequency range from 3.8 to 6.9 GHz. For verification, the proposed larger circularly polarized antenna was fabricated and tested. The operating bandwidth was measured as 44% (3.78–5.91 GHz) with a 3‐dB AR bandwidth of 39.6% and a high gain of 10.3 dBic. Furthermore, the larger antenna produces a useful RCS reduction from 3.7 to 6.7 GHz. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
Understanding the role of gender identity in charitable giving—recruiting bone marrow donors
Authors: Dill Katja , Soliman Meikel
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Imbedded in the gender schema theory, this paper aims to examine the socio‐cognitive impact of gender identity in nonprofit marketing communication, particularly in the recruitment of bone marrow donors.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses an experimental design (n = 132) to investigate the role of gender identity on the likelihood to register as a bone marrow donor using real advertisements.

Findings

The findings support the assumption that a specific gender identity influences attitudes toward the advertisement which in turn increases the likelihood to register as a bone marrow donor.

Originality

While extant studies investigate psychological and demographic factors, there is only limited research on the role of gender identity in recruiting bone marrow donors via communication strategies.

Practical implications

This has implications for communication strategies to increase the bone marrow donor pool. Health communication can be improved by relying on gender identity.

Social implications

Bone marrow registries have a vital role in ensuring a healthy society. As the number of patients continues to increase, registries need a better understanding of how to create more effective marketing and communication strategies. In line, as societies become more diverse and inclusive, so should nonprofit marketing strategies.

Practitioner Points

What is currently known about the subject matter?

Societies worldwide need more bone marrow donors and bone marrow registries use gender stereotypes in their advertisements.

Research investigated a variety of factors, but did not look at gender identity.

As societies worldwide get more inclusive and diverse, gender identity becomes more important.

What does the paper add to point (a)?

Scarce literature investigated the role of gender identities in bone marrow advertisements.

This paper fills this gap by systematically investigate the role of gender identity in the likelihood to donate bone marrow donors.

Implications of the study findings for practitioners

Bone marrow registries need to do market research before designing advertisements.

Bone marrow registries should segment their target groups and use differentiated advertisements.

Bone marrow registries can rely on gender identity to make their advertisements more effective.
Diabetes, ethnic minority groups and COVID‐19: an inevitable storm
Authors: Khunti Kamlesh
Published: October 2022

The risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is two‐ to four‐fold higher in ethnic minority populations compared to White populations in the UK and is also associated with an increased risk of certain macrovascular and microvascular complications. Additionally, T2DM has an earlier onset in ethnic minority groups of around 10–12 years than in White populations. The exact reasons for the higher prevalence are unclear but include the complex interplay of biological, lifestyle, environmental and socioeconomic factors. This is further compounded by disparities in care received by ethnic minority populations. The UK was the first country to report on the disproportionate impact of COVID‐19 on ethnic minority groups. Diabetes is also a major risk factor for severe COVID‐19 and, combined with pre‐existing ethnic disparities in diabetes care, has been a significant contributor to inequalities in COVID‐19 outcomes for ethnic minority populations with diabetes including disproportionate hospitalisation and mortality. Major ethnic disparities in diabetes care in the US and UK, especially intermediate outcomes and diabetes complications, were evident prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, the COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed these pre‐pandemic health disparities for ethnic minority populations with diabetes. Similar to the higher risk of T2DM in ethnic minority populations, the exact reasons for higher risk of COVID‐19 in minority ethnic groups are complex and include comorbidities, risk factor control, deprivation and access to care including wider structural issues. As we now plan for recovery, it is imperative that those delivering diabetes care urgently address the disproportionate impact the pandemic has had on ethnic minority populations. Reducing these inequalities will require a greater understanding of the causes. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Tackling COVID‐19 Using Antiviral Nanocoating's—Recent Progress and Future Challenges
Authors: Ghosal Krishanu
Published: October 2022

In the current situation of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, there is a worldwide demand for the protection of regular handling surfaces from viral transmission to restrict the spread of COVID‐19 infection. To tackle this challenge, researchers and scientists are continuously working on novel antiviral nanocoatings to make various substrates capable of arresting the spread of such pathogens. These nanocoatings systems include metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, electrospun antiviral polymer nanofibers, antiviral polymer nanoparticles, graphene family nanomaterials, and etched nanostructures. The antiviral mechanism of these systems involves depletion of the spike glycoprotein that anchors to surfaces by the nanocoating and makes the spike glycoprotein and viral nucleotides inactive; however, the nature of the interaction between the spike proteins and virus depends on the type of nanostructure and a surface charge over the coating surface. In this article, the current scenario of COVID‐19 and how it can be tackled using antiviral nanocoatings from the further transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), along with their different mode of action, are discussed. Additionally, it is also highlighted different types of nanocoatings developed for various substrates to encounter transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2, future research areas along with the current challenges related to it, and how these challenges can be resolved.
Superfine HMX Prepared by a Gas‐Solid Method with Reduced Sensitivity and Enhanced Mechanical Performance
Authors: Li Jie , Xu Jinjiang , Huang Shiliang , Li Shichun , Liu Yu
Published: October 2022

Many superfine processing techniques have been applied on desensitization of HMX. However, large‐scale production of superfine HMX is still a big challenge due to the overloaded parameters, poor stability and capacity issue. Here, we developed a novel and facile gas‐solid method to prepare superfine HMX, based on a process of solvent vapor permeation and removal. Superfine HMX with structure of stacking microcrystalline particles was achieved conveniently. Compared to pristine HMX, the characteristic height for impact initiation of the resultant superfine HMX increased from 23.30 cm to 112.20 cm. Moreover, the largely increased surface area of superfine HMX enhanced the interfacial interaction between HMX and binder, which remarkably enhanced the comprehensive mechanical performance of HMX‐based polymer bonded explosives (PBXs). The compressive and tensile strength of the superfine HMX based PBXs were improved by 57.14 % and 120.27 %, respectively. This simple and reliable method can shed light on the design and preparation of energetic materials with better safety performance and optimized mechanical performance.
Heat‐Resistant and Low Sensitivity Energetic Material Constructed with [1, 2, 4]Triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridine Framework
Authors: Wang Qian , Lei Cai‐jin , Tang Jie , Cheng Guang‐bin , Yang Hong‐wei
Published: October 2022

In this study, fused [1, 2, 4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridine framework was applied to construct a new energetic compound with high thermal stability and low sensitivity. 5‐Imino‐6,8‐dinitro‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydro‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridin‐3‐amine (6) was synthesized by a simple method and fully characterized by NMR (1H, 13C), IR, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG). The structure of compound 6 was further determined by X‐ray diffraction. Physicochemical and energetic properties of the target compound, such as thermal behavior, friction sensitivity, impact sensitivity, density and detonation property, were tested. Compound 6 possesses high thermal stability (Td=337 °C), desirable insensitivity (IS >40 J, FS >360 N), positive calculated heat of formation (ΔfH=307.05 kJ mol−1) and good detonation property (D=8227 m s−1, P=26.3 GPa), which are all superior to the traditional heat‐resistant explosive HNS (Td=318 °C, IS=5 J, FS=240 N, ΔfH=78.2 kJ mol−1, D=7612 m s−1). These results imply that compound 6 has potential application as a heat‐resistant and insensitive explosive.
Effect of particle size distribution on explosion intensity of aluminum powder
Authors: Zhang Jiangshi , Ren Xiaofeng , Jia Hongfu , Cui Ziling , Xiong Nuoying , Xiao Bo , Han Xu
Published: October 2022

In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of aluminum powder explosion accidents, the statistical analysis method was used to analyze the differences between all the groups and between any two groups in relation to the explosion intensity parameters (Pex, [dP/dt]ex, Kst, t1 and t2) of aluminum powder samples. The results show that small particle size aluminum powder components play a major role in the explosion reaction rate, while large particle size aluminum powder components have relatively little effect. Among the nine factors D10–D90, the top three particle size parameters with the most relevance to Pex are D10 (0.708*), D3,2 (0.686*), and D30 (0.646*) in turn. The top three particle size parameters with the most relevance to t1 are D10 (0.903**), D20 (0.898**), and D30 (0.873**) in turn. The top three particle size parameters with the greatest relevance for (dP/dt)ex and Kst are SSA (0.963**), D30 (−0.748*), and PSS (−0.744*). The top three particle size parameters with the greatest relevance for t2 are D30 (0.962**), D20 (0.960**), and D4,3 (0.936**). Therefore, D10, D20, D30, D3,2, D4,3, PSS and SSA have important effects on the explosion parameters, and they are important reference indicators for assessing explosion risk.
Ultrafast Exciton and Trion Dynamics in High‐Quality Encapsulated MoS2Monolayers
Authors: Genco Armando , Trovatello Chiara , Louca Charalambos , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Tartakovskii Alexander I. , Cerullo Giulio , Dal Conte Stefano
Published: October 2022

The extreme confinement and reduced screening in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) leads to the appearance of tightly bound excitons which can also couple to free charges, forming trions, owing to strong Coulomb interactions. Low temperatures and encapsulation in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) can narrow the excitonic linewidth, approaching the regime of homogeneous broadening, mostly dominated by the radiative decay. Ultrafast spectroscopy is a perfect tool to study exciton formation and relaxation dynamics in TMD monolayers. However, high‐quality hBN‐encapsulated structures have usually lateral sizes of the order of a few micrometers, calling for the combination of high spatial and temporal resolution in pump–probe experiments. Herein, a custom broadband pump–probe optical microscope is used to measure the ultrafast dynamics of neutral and charged excitons in high‐quality hBN‐encapsulated monolayer MoS2at 8 K. Neutral excitons exhibit a narrow linewidth of 7.5 meV, approaching the homogeneous limit, which is related to the fast recombination time of ≈130 fs measured in pump–probe. Moreover, markedly different dynamics of the trions over the neutral ones are observed. The results provide novel insights on the exciton recombination processes in TMD monolayers, paving the way for exploring the ultrafast behavior of excitons and their many‐body complexes in TMD heterostructures.
Ligustilide attenuates airway remodeling in COPD mice by covalently binding to MH2 domain of Smad3 in pulmonary epithelium, disrupting the Smad3‐SARA interaction
Authors: Lu Yu‐jie , Niu Lin , Shen Fu‐kui , Yang Wen , Xie Yang , Li Su‐yun , Jiang Min , Bai Gang
Published: October 2022

Airway remodeling is one of the hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is closely related to the dysregulation of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Smad3, an important transcriptional regulator responsible for transducing TGF‐β1 signals, is a promising target for EMT modulation. We found that ligustilide (Lig), a novel Smad3 covalent inhibitor, effectively inhibited airway remodeling in cigarette smoke (CS) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced COPD mice. Oral administration of an alkynyl‐modified Lig probe was used to capture and trace target proteins in mouse lung tissue, revealing Smad3 in airway epithelium as a key target of Lig. Protein mass spectrometry and Smad3 mutation analysis via in‐gel imaging indicated that the epoxidized metabolite of Lig covalently binds to the MH2 domain of Smad3 at Cys331/337. This irreversible bonding destroys the interaction of Smad3‐SARA, prevents Smad3 phosphorylation activation, and subsequently suppresses the nuclear transfer of p‐Smad3, the EMT process, and collagen deposition in TGF‐β1‐stimulated BEAS‐2B cells and COPD mice. These findings provide experimental support that Lig attenuates COPD by repressing airway remodeling which is attributed to its suppression on the activation of EMT process in the airway epithelium via targeting Smad3 and inhibiting the recruitment of the Smad3‐SARA heterodimer in the TGF‐β1/Smad3 pathway.
Dietary intake of anthocyanins improves arterial stiffness, but not endothelial function, in volunteers with excess weight: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Arisi Tainah O. P. , Gorski Fernanda , Eibel Bruna , Barbosa Eduardo , Boll Liliana , Waclawovsky Gustavo , Lehnen Alexandre M.
Published: October 2022

Excess body weight has been associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness. Foods rich in polyphenols and anthocyanins such as açaí‐juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) fruit may have protective vascular effects. Thus, we examined the effect of dietary intake of anthocyanins (açaí‐juçara fruit) on endothelial function (flow‐mediated dilation [FMD]) and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV]) in individuals with excess body weight. Fifty‐five individuals with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were randomized into non‐anthocyanin (N‐ATH, n = 25) or anthocyanin (ATH, n = 30) intake groups. A 12‐week individualized diet plan (20% reduction in total energy intake) was prescribed and included daily intake of açaí‐juçara 200 g (anthocyanins 293.6 mg) in the ATH diet plan. We evaluated anthropometric and biochemical parameters, FMD, PWV, and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR). A GEE (Bonferroni post‐hoc) was used (p ≤ 0.05). No change in FMD was observed. However, PWV showed a reduction from baseline in the ATH (p = 0.002) and vs. N‐ATH (p = 0.036). Both groups showed reduced peripheral vascular resistance (N‐ATH, p = 0.005; ATH, p = 0.040) with no significant differences between them. In conclusion, dietary intake of anthocyanins proved effective in protecting against arterial stiffness (by PWV) in individuals with excess weight. PVR was reduced in both diet groups regardless of dietary intake of anthocyanins.
Amine/Carboxylic Acid Based Bifunctional Ionic Liquids as Extractants for Nd(III), Sm(III) and Eu(III) from Aqueous Solution Containing EDTA
Authors: Prusty Susmita , Pradhan Sanghamitra , Mishra Sujata
Published: October 2022

Two bi‐functional ionic liquid extractants (Bif‐ILs) comprising tertiary amine and carboxylic acids, namely [TOAH]+[OHex]− (Tri‐n‐octylaminehexanoate) and [TOAH]+[ODec]− (Tri‐n‐octylaminedecanoate) in kerosene have been used for extraction of Nd(III), Sm(III) and Eu(III) from aqueous phase with EDTA as a complexing agent. The extraction ability of both the extracting agents has been analyzed with respect to variations in shaking time, concentration of extractant, aqueous phase pH, molarity of EDTA, diluents and phase volume ratio. Using 0.08 mol/L EDTA,extraction of Nd(III) was maximum with both the extractants followed by Sm(III) and Eu(III).At 4 : 1 (O/A) phase volume ratio, the extraction percentages using [TOAH]+[OHex]− were 93.42 % (Nd), 89.83 % (Sm), 84.14 % (Eu) and with [TOAH]+[ODec]− the values were 90.42 % (Nd), 89.37 % (Sm), 83.65 % (Eu), respectively.Extraction efficiency of both Bif‐ILs is maximum for Nd(III). Stripping was quantitative with HNO3 and HCl.Speciation studies and FTIR spectra provide valuable information regarding the stoichiometry of the extracted species.
Technical and Formulation Aspects of Pharmaceutical Co‐Crystallization: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chauhan Vishva , Mardia Rajnikant , Patel Mehul , Suhagia Bhanu , Parmar Komal
Published: October 2022

Crystal engineering provides a unique approach to modulating the physicochemical properties of forming active drug molecules so nowadays pharmaceutical companies and researchers have shown interest in designing and building cocrystals. Creating new crystalline solid structures with altered physicochemical properties such as solubility, bioavailability, tabletability, melting point, stability, and so on. The intermolecular interactions of molecules in the crystal lattice are used to investigate these properties. Numbers of methods for crystallizing the drug are summarised and analyzed, pointing to the advantages and disadvantages that have been highlighted in the literature. This literature review discusses in detail the different types of cocrystals, their mechanisms, methods of cocrystals, applications of cocrystals, and their characterization. The main purpose of this article is to look at what has changed in this field in the last ten years and show what could be learned from better research on cocrystal formation and how it can be used.
The Impact of Soft Segment Crystallization and Cross‐Link Density on the Shape Memory Performance of the PCL‐PTMG/Graphene‐ Based Polyurethane Nanocomposites
Authors: Nourany Mohammad , Rahimi‐Darestani Yasaman , Nayebi Milad , Kiany Parvin
Published: October 2022

In this research paper, we investigated the impact of soft segment crystallization, the cross‐linking density (CLD) and elastic modulus of the synthesized thermoset polyurethanes on their shape memory performance (SMP). A group of tri‐block copolymers of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) with PCLx‐PTMG2000‐PCLx architecture were synthesized and used as polyols in a thermoset polyurethane (PU) structure. Crystallization of the soft segments was controlled through changing PCLx blocks’ length. Graphene nanoplatelets, with a fixed content of 0.50 wt.%, was used as the cross‐linker and the nano‐filler to tune elasticity of the PUs. Analysis of crystallization showed that by increasing PCLx’s length from 0 to 2000 D caused a drastic change in the crystallization behavior of the polyols. The polyols used in the thermoset PU nanocomposite led to a wide spectrum of elastic modulus at temperatures close to room temperature. The elastic modulus at room temperature ranged from 20 to 100 MPa. The changes in elastic modulus, CLD and soft segments’ crystallization resulted in a complex SMP behavior, which was studied in‐detail. The shape recovery rate was also studied, which showed the impact of crystallites’ melting, CLD and elastic modulus through a three‐stage shape recovery.
Amines as Catalysts: Dynamic Features and Kinetic Control of Catalytic Asymmetric Chemical Transformations to Form C−C Bonds and Complex Molecules
Authors: Tanaka Fujie
Published: October 2022

Carbonyl transformations involving enolates and/or enamines have been used for various types of bond‐forming reactions. In this account, catalysts and catalyst systems that have amino acids or primary, secondary, and/or tertiary amines as key catalytic functional groups that we have developed to accelerate chemical transformations, including regio‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselective reactions, are discussed. Our chemical transformation strategies and methods that use amine derivatives as catalysts are also discussed. As amines can have different functions depending on protonation and on the species formed during the catalysis (such as enamines and iminium ions), dynamics and kinetic controls are the keys for understanding the catalysis. Further, strategies that harness dynamic steps and kinetic control in amine‐catalyzed reactions have enabled the synthesis of complex molecules in stereocontrolled manners. Understanding the dynamic features and the kinetic controls of the catalysis will further the design of the catalysts and the development of chemical transformation strategies and methods.
Reference ranges of uterine artery pulsatility index from first to third trimester based on serial Doppler measurements: longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Cavoretto P. I. , Salmeri N. , Candiani M. , Farina A.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To provide gestational‐age (GA)‐specific reference ranges for mean uterine artery (UtA) pulsatility index (PI) based on longitudinal data assessment throughout pregnancy.

Methods

This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of singleton low‐risk pregnancies with adequate health and nutritional status at the time of enrolment and without fetal anomaly, receiving prenatal care between January 2018 and July 2021 at the Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit of IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Women were recruited at ≤ 12 + 6 weeks' gestation and underwent serial standardized ultrasound monitoring, including UtA‐PI measurement, by experienced certified operators until delivery. Association of UtA‐PI with GA was modeled with fractional polynomial regression. Equations for mean ± SD of the estimated curves were calculated, as well as GA‐specific reference charts of centiles for UtA‐PI from 10 + 0 to 39 + 0 gestational weeks.

Results

We included 476 healthy, low‐risk pregnant women and a total of 2045 ultrasound scans (median, 4 (range, 3–9) per patient) were available for analysis. Mean UtA‐PI was 1.84 ± 0.55, 1.07 ± 0.38 and 0.78 ± 0.23 in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. Goodness‐of‐fit assessment revealed that second‐degree smoothing was the most accurate fractional polynomial for describing the course of UtA‐PI throughout gestation; therefore, it was modeled in a multilevel framework for the construction of UtA‐PI curves. We observed a rapid and substantial decrease in mean UtA‐PI before 16 weeks, with subsequent smoother decrement of the slope and more stable values from 20 until 39 weeks. The 3rd, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th and 97th centiles according to GA for UtA‐PI are provided, as well as equations to allow calculation of any value as a centile.

Conclusions

UtA‐PI shows a progressive non‐linear decrease throughout pregnancy. The new reference ranges for GA‐specific mean UtA‐PI constructed using rigorous methodology may have a better performance compared with previous models for screening for placenta‐associated diseases in the early stages of pregnancy and for evaluating the potential risk for pregnancy‐induced hypertension and/or small‐for‐gestational age later in pregnancy. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Role of cervids in the epidemiology of bovine ephemeral fever virus infection in the Republic of Korea: A cross‐sectional retrospective study
Authors: Yeh Jung‐Yong , Ga Yun Ji
Published: October 2022

Background

Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is a viral disease in cattle and buffaloes, with subclinical involvement in various ruminant species.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) transmission in deer in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the potential risk factors associated with seropositivity.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional serological survey of neutralising antibodies against BEFV in cervid sera collected from the ROK.

Results

The seroprevalence of BEFV was estimated to be 10.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.5–14.1), demonstrating that exposure to this virus is prevalent among farmed and free‐ranging cervids in the ROK. The results revealed that age class and geographic location affected seroprevalence. Older age and the presence of neighbouring ruminant farms were significant risk factors (odds ratio [OR] = 2.394, 95% CI = 1.195–4.796) and (OR = 1.533, 95% CI = 1.026–2.288), respectively. We also observed that the individual likelihood of positivity in the southern provinces was significantly higher than that in the northern provinces (OR = 1.744, 95% CI = 1.001–3.037). There were also significant differences in the seroprevalence of cervids between the western and eastern provinces (OR = 2.021, 95% CI = 1.047–3.900). Factors that were not significantly associated with BEFV antibody prevalence included herd size and species (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

These results suggest that cervid species may serve as important reservoirs for the transmission of BEFV, highlighting the need for closer monitoring of BEFV infections in cervids in the ROK.
Sustainable Urban Heritage vs Heritage Orthodoxy
Authors: Rodwell Dennis
Published: October 2022

Against the backdrop of recent crises, such as the Covid-19 pandemic and various armed conflicts, this chapter highlights the unique vulnerabilities of urban heritage and how these have been exacerbated by an over-simplified construction and commodification of heritage in the official discourse. The chapter reflects on issues and contentions about the definition of urban heritage and the prevailing focus on listing sites and monumental values, highlighting the frequent contrast between community narratives and outstanding universal value. Aside from challenges to its existence, urban heritage must also find ways to mediate between environmental, social, and economic pressures that World Heritage status imposes and the over-riding principles and objectives of the SDGs and other ambitious policies.

This chapter proposes that addressing all these challenges is linked to a shift toward an inclusive human- and environment-focused definition of urban heritage, which leaves room for community statements of values, not just OUV. This chapter presents the case for recognizing urban heritage’s compendium of values to consolidate its sustainability and spread and minimise the risks. In short, it is a call to move away from heritage orthodoxy and toward sustainable urban heritage.
The Politics of Shared Heritage: Contested Histories and Participatory Memory Work in the Post-Colonial Urban Landscape
Authors: Küver Jan
Published: October 2022

Shared heritage is a concept that serves to address cultural ties between countries or people that emanate from colonial history, including conflicts and contestations as well as connections and commonalities. This contribution evaluates the potential of shared heritage to work as a tool for a transformative heritage management practice through exploring the post-colonial heritage landscape of Iringa, Tanzania. The historical dynamics of colonialism have left various tangible and intangible traces throughout Iringa Town and Region. Combining ethnographic and historical methods, this paper examines historical narratives of different social groups, representations of these trajectories in the regional museum, and community responses to buildings and sites of colonial origin in the cityscape. In line with UNESCO’s Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach, observed applied conservation activities are discussed in the light of local development processes. I argue that shared heritage can serve as a viable concept to grapple with the colonial legacy vested in the HUL while at the same time using the discursive energy provided by these conflicts to support the cultural, social, and economic development of communities.
Fighting Terrorist Attacks Against World Heritage – An Integrated Approach
Authors: von Schorlemer Sabine
Published: October 2022

This contribution will examine intentional acts of terrorist groups and organised networks directed against cultural heritage as a challenge for international law, e.g., by creating grey zones. In particular, it will be asked to what extent criminal law enforcement can be identified as a missing link in the system of the legal protection of cultural property, including World Heritage. It is seen as necessary to strengthen criminal sanctions for possession and sale of illegally trafficked cultural objects. In that respect, it will be argued, the Nicosia Convention on Offences Relating to Cultural Property, adopted by the Council of Europe in 2017, may give new impetus to criminal law as a tool in the fight against offences against cultural property, helping to reduce lawless areas. Cultural heritage protection, it is emphasised, requires a robust, legally integrated approach, including criminal prosecution for plundering, smuggling, and destruction.
Climate Change and World Heritage: An Introduction
Authors: Cave Claire
Published: October 2022

The rapid acceleration of science and technology has enabled people to make unprecedented changes to their environment and to alter the global climate. The changing climate, together with biodiversity loss, now pose significant threats to people and their heritage. This chapter provides an introduction to the impacts that climate change is having on World Heritage and how those impacts are being addressed. It considers the conflict that can be created between interventions to protect against climate change and the conservation of heritage values. Effective on-site management is an important tool in addressing climate change impacts and should be supported by states parties together with local engagement and national and international collaboration. World Heritage sites should not be viewed in isolation from their surrounding environment, and a strong World Heritage Climate Change policy is required to guide future management and implementation of the World Heritage Convention.
Conflict Areas and Solution Strategies in the Conservation of Ecosystems and Their Services: A Holistic Approach
Authors: Avigliano Esteban , Schenone Nahuel
Published: October 2022

Natural environments and biodiversity are negatively affected by climate change and non-sustainable human activities around the world. Different management strategies have been implemented to mitigate the loss of habitat and ecosystem functions. Nevertheless, many of these have failed because, in general, they focus on protected areas. The loss of habitat and, thus, biodiversity occurs outside these areas and does not receive attention. Often, the conservation strategies go against the needs of the communities in the surroundings of the protected areas, generating a series of conflicts between the local governments, conservationists, and residents. In this sense, it is necessary to carry out holistic conservation strategies that consider human beings and their socio-cultural complexity within the environment to overcome the effect of climate change on biodiversity loss. This chapter empirically shows how it is possible to apply conservation strategies integrating scientific and political capacities and uniting governmental and non-governmental organizations for the execution of socio-environmental, educational, and research actions. This holistic approach contributes to the restoration of the environment and its services and to the mitigation of climate change in subtropical regions.
Cultural Landscape Compatibility Study Upper Middle Rhine Valley – A Proactive Tool for Preventive Monitoring of Complex World Heritage Landscapes
Authors: Kloos Michael
Published: October 2022

In recent years, many “living” cultural and urban landscapes on a large scale were inscribed on the World Heritage List. However, such complex World Heritage properties generate frequently challenges concerning their management due to transformations caused by to pressure to change. As a result, there is a need for new proactive systematic approaches to assess such transformations combining innovative technical solutions with a systematic approach to using attributes and values conveying their Outstanding Universal Value. Taking the World Heritage cultural landscape Upper Middle Rhine Valley as a case study, this paper investigates such a systematic instrument to monitor transformations and to assess their impact on the OUV and integrity of UNESCO World Heritage properties. It is concluded that such systematic technical instruments can be helpful to support strategies for an integrated management combining preservation and sustainable development. However, an in-depth theoretical knowledge of sites’ OUVs and attributes and values related thereby, as well as a sound integration in existing legislative frameworks and the participation of stakeholders on various levels is indispensable to guarantee their full effectiveness.
Tourism Without Commodification at a Hungarian World Heritage Site
Authors: Bassa Lia
Published: October 2022

This study – based on a concrete example of a Hungarian World Heritage site, the Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment – focuses on the topic from the point of view of heritage value, providing attraction and a special experience for visitors without harming local traditions, and contributing to the improvement of the local economic situation, where the outcome is the safeguarding and raising public awareness of the Outstanding Universal Value of a unique site.
Young Professionals’ Perspectives on World Heritage – Transformation from an Expert-Dominated Concept to a Project for the People it is Made for
Authors: Bernecker Roland , Barrientos García Juan Carlos , Korinth Elisabeth , Rupp Isabelle , Tomasi Giulia , Zehbe Klaus-Christian
Published: October 2022

In this roundtable discussion, emerging heritage experts address their personal involvement with the World Heritage Convention, their assessment of achievements and failures of the 50 years of its history, and perspectives of future developments as seen by the younger generation. The discussion reveals a strong emphasis on more convincingly participatory procedures, community involvement, global equity and sustainable development. Heritage is what we take from the past to shape our future. From this conceptual stance, the emerging experts develop their claim of a far more substantial involvement of the younger not only in conceptual perspectivizations of heritage, but also in decision-making bodies. This would allow them to transform and shape the institutions they are working with to be sustainable, diverse, inclusive and future-oriented.
Outlook
Authors: Albert Marie-Theres , Bernecker Roland , Cave Claire , Prodan Anca Claudia , Ripp Matthias
Published: October 2022

The chapter “Outlook” brings together the main messages of this book; formulates concluding comments and reflects on the way forward. Out of the many conflicts affecting World Heritage, the chapter highlights some, which appear as obstacles that must be overcome for a sustainable protection. The unequal geographical distribution of World Heritage properties and of the decision-making bodies; and the difficulty to reconcile economic interests with conservation and development needs are two examples. Further examples refer to the discrepancies in the interpretation of the meaning of World Heritage between experts and the civil society; and the climate and biodiversity crises, which require full participatory and inclusive approaches that integrate culture and nature protection. In light of these examples, the chapter concludes by underlining that the future of the World Heritage Convention can only be envisioned if such challenges were confronted and resolved.
Temporary Uses as a Toolkit for Heritage-Led Sustainable Urban Development
Authors: Ikeda Mariko
Published: October 2022

This paper reconsiders the possibilities for heritage conservation through everyday practices found in temporary uses as relevant and cost-effective tools in a constantly transforming urban environment, contributing to a more sustainable urban development. For this aim, three of the author’s previous case studies of temporary uses in the city of Berlin are reconsidered from the perspective of heritage conservation through everyday practices and citizen participation. Berlin, with its rapidly changing urban environment since 1989, has been an experimental hub for countless temporary uses in a short period of time and therefore provides useful insights into the viability of temporary uses for urban heritage conservation from a variety of perspectives. This paper shows that temporary uses, especially ones that develop into permanent businesses, help to protect buildings from decay, revitalize neglected urban areas, contribute to the realization of the SDGs, and provide affordable spaces for cultural and social activities.
Health Policy Institutions in France and Germany
Authors: Hornung Johanna
Published: October 2022

The political systems of France and Germany and their respective organization of health care present important preconditions for the potential formation and success of programmatic groups and for the success of policy programs. This chapter reviews the health policy institutions in France and Germany in order to identify the positions in which programmatic actors can be found, which positions help them to implement their policy program, and which positions should be occupied for programmatic actors to achieve their goal of increased authority.
Programmatic Action in French Health Policy
Authors: Hornung Johanna
Published: October 2022

Taking a look at the history of health policy in France from 1990 to 2020, this chapter outlines the existence of programmatic action and identifies the programmatic actors relevant to the changes in health policy. The empirical study is based on a discourse network analysis, an in-depth analysis of the biographical trajectories of individuals, as well as a systematic connection of the programmatic content to the individual programmatic actors. Thereby, this chapter provides an explanation for 30 years of health policy developments in France.
Conclusion
Authors: Hornung Johanna
Published: October 2022

Which institutions are necessary for programmatic action to take place? This chapter summarizes the “institutions of programmatic action”, which are the institutionalization of bureaucratic recruitment systems and scientific impulses through policy advice, and argues that the political institutions of federalism and corporatism are not directly related to the occurrence of programmatic action. At the same time, institutional changes may present both a challenge and an opportunity for programmatic groups.
At Work
Authors: Marti Irene
Published: October 2022

This chapter is dedicated to prisoners’ experiences at work. It begins with a description of the legal and institutional framework of work in Swiss prisons. It then explores prisoners’ experiences of various working contexts and how work affects their corporal and spatial experience of imprisonment. After that, the chapter sheds light on prisoners’ various temporal experiences at work and the ways they rearrange institutionally established work rhythms according to their individual needs. Finally, it presents the experience of being a worker and how this affects prisoners’ sense of self. It argues that work signifies a potential and important social space where prisoners search for recognition, which they may experience through the valorization of their individual skills and competences and the attribution of trustworthiness.
The Socio-Material Value of Language Choices in Mozambique and Finland
Authors: Chimbutane Feliciano , Ennser-Kananen Johanna , Kosunen Sonja
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores parental choice of language programs from a socio-material standpoint. It uses a DeleuzoGuattarian framework of smooth and striated spaces to understand how parents in Mozambique and Finland position themselves when making choices concerning their children’s language education. We analyzed interviews from Finland and focus groups and policy documents from Mozambique to understand the materialities and social discourses that constitute parental choice. We found that in Finland, materiality as a physical space (e.g., school location) factored into caregivers’ decision making when selecting schools for their children. In Mozambique, in turn, materiality as socioeconomic stability or advancement was a recurring theme. In the Mozambican context income and educational outcome (associated with Portuguese) were important factors for school/language choice, whereas in Finland social distinction was key. Based on our analysis, we draw conclusions about the nature of choice, arguing that a socio-material approach and the concept of assemblage are well-suited to understand the complexity of it.
Quantitative Forschung
Authors: Stenzel Thomas
Published: October 2022

In diesem Kapitel werden die quantitativen Erhebungen beschrieben, die für die Messung der Auswirkungen der Intervention verwendet wurden. Zunächst wird in Abschnitt 7.1 beschrieben, welche Daten erhoben wurden. Abschnitt 7.2 beschreibt die Zusammensetzung der Stichprobe. In Abschnitt 7.3 werden die quantitativ zu beantwortenden Forschungsfragen präzisiert, bevor in Abschnitt 7.4 die Vergleichbarkeit von Kontroll- und Interventionsgruppe anhand der Ergebnisse des Prätests diskutiert wird. Daran schließt die eigentliche Auswertung an. In Abschnitt 7.5 wird der Einfluss der Intervention auf die Klausur beschrieben, Abschnitt 7.6 ermittelt den Einfluss auf die Bearbeitung der Hausaufgaben und in Abschnitt 7.7 wird die Teilnahme an den Übungsgruppen untersucht. Zuletzt werden in Abschnitt 7.8 die Ergebnisse zusammengefasst.
Dispersive sum rules in AdS2
Authors: Knop Waltraut , Mazáč Dalimil
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Dispersion relations for S-matrices and CFT correlators translate UV consistency into bounds on IR observables. In this note, we construct dispersive sum rules for 1D CFTs. We use them to prove bounds on higher-derivative couplings in weakly-coupled non-gravitational EFTs in AdS2. At the leading order in the bulk-point limit, the bounds agree with the flat-space result. We compute the leading universal effect of finite AdS radius on the bounds. Along the way, we give an explicit formula for anomalous dimensions in general higher-derivative contact Witten diagrams in AdS2.
Black hole scattering and partition functions
Authors: Law Y. T. Albert , Parmentier Klaas
Published: October 2022

Abstract

When computing the ideal gas thermal canonical partition function for a scalar outside a black hole horizon, one encounters the divergent single-particle density of states (DOS) due to the continuous nature of the normal mode spectrum. Recasting the Lorentzian field equation into an effective 1D scattering problem, we argue that the scattering phases encode non-trivial information about the DOS and can be extracted by “renormalizing” the DOS with respect to a reference. This defines a renormalized free energy up to an arbitrary additive constant. Interestingly, we discover that the 1-loop Euclidean path integral, as computed by the Denef-Hartnoll-Sachdev formula, fixes the reference free energy to be that on a Rindler-like region, and the renormalized DOS captures the quasinormal modes for the scalar. We support these claims with the examples of scalars on static BTZ, Nariai black holes and the de Sitter static patch. For black holes in asymptotically flat space, the renormalized DOS is captured by the phase of the transmission coefficient whose magnitude squared is the greybody factor. We comment on possible connections with recent works from an algebraic point of view.
Tempered expectation-maximization algorithm for the estimation of discrete latent variable models
Authors: Brusa Luca , Bartolucci Francesco , Pennoni Fulvia
Published: October 2022

Maximum likelihood estimation of discrete latent variable (DLV) models is usually performed by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. A well-known drawback is related to the multimodality of the log-likelihood function so that the estimation algorithm can converge to a local maximum, not corresponding to the global one. We propose a tempered EM algorithm to explore the parameter space adequately for two main classes of DLV models, namely latent class and hidden Markov. We compare the proposal with the standard EM algorithm by an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study, evaluating both the ability to reach the global maximum and the computational time. We show the results of the analysis of discrete and continuous cross-sectional and longitudinal data referring to some applications of interest. All the results provide supporting evidence that the proposal outperforms the standard EM algorithm, and it significantly improves the chance to reach the global maximum. The advantage is relevant even considering the overall computing time.