bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between ‘Retreat’ and ‘Recentralisation’: China’s SOE Reform Conundrum
Authors: Pandit Priyanka
Published: July 2022

State-owned enterprises (SOEs), a key constituent of China’s economy, are an important reference for analysing China’s evolving state-market relations. Market-oriented reforms introduced in the SOE sector over the past four decades have seen the Communist Party of China (CPC) loosen its control over SOEs, shedding a large number of loss-making enterprises, and significant restructuring of remaining enterprises, including by public listing. But these achievements still fall short of making Chinese SOEs ‘modern enterprises’, and they continue to be extensions of the Chinese Party-state. Using Party documents, speeches and policy announcements, this article explores key changes and continuities in China’s state-owned sector in the post-liberalisation era. It contends that the neoliberal turn in China’s economic transition cannot be understood in the radical separation of state and market configurations but that reform and restructuring of SOEs have to be situated in a political-institutional landscape where multiple interests compete over the formulation of economic policy.
Can Pediatric Primary Care Practices Afford Integrated Behavioral Health? A Comparison of 5 Pediatric Practices
Authors: Cummings A. D. , Van Horne B. , Correa N. , Schwarzwald H. , Chapman S.
Published: July 2022

Licensed behavioral health providers (LBHPs) were integrated into 5 pediatric primary care practices in southeast and east Texas from October 2018 through March 2020. LBHPs Licensed behavioral health providers across the sites were 3 licensed clinical social workers (LCSW), 1 psychologist, and 1 nurse practitioner (NP). Practices provided data for 6 to 15 months. Overall, 2769 units of behavioral health services were provided to 746 children over 2243 hours. Across 4 sites, 44.3% of behavioral health patients were diagnosed with trauma disorders, 22.1% with anxiety, 19.3% with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, 15.1% with depression, and 10.9% with disruptive behavior disorders. Overall, the model was financially successful at 2 sites (LCSWs) and unsuccessful at 1 site (NP). The other 2 sites demonstrated potential for financial sustainability with increased behavioral health patient volume. Overall, this model is a financially viable option for pediatric primary care practices with adequate patient volumes to provide integrated behavioral health services.
Primo Levi's The Princess in the Fridge
Authors: Zucchi Valentina
Published: July 2022

The paper discusses the similarities between Primo Levi's documentary novel Se questo è un uomo (1947) and his short science fiction story La bella addormentata nel frigo from the collection Storie naturali (1966), on the basis of the themes of the novel. The concentration camps form an element of continuity between the novel, which bears witness to the horrors Levi experienced, and the seemingly light-hearted story. There are many parallels between human perversion documented in the novel and the grotesque experiment of the ‘Laboratory of evil’ seen in the fictional work. The story is almost a parody of Auschwitz; dreadful seriousness is converted to comedy. Patricia, the protagonist of the short story, is Levi's alter ego and a caricature of the Sleeping Beauty archetype from the traditional fairy tale.
Misalignment: understanding the challenge of engaging with self-management advice for people living with diabetes in UK Black African and Caribbean communities
Authors: Moore Amanda P , Rivas Carol A , Harding Seeromanie , Goff Louise M
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

The incidence of type 2 diabetes in UK Black African and Caribbean communities is up to three times higher than in the general population, and engagement with self-management advice is poorer. This study explores the perspective of those living with diabetes to understand how the cultural salience of advice could be improved.

Design:

Participants were recruited via community venues, faith institutions and primary care. Eight focus groups were conducted with 41 individuals (Black African n = 23, Black Caribbean n = 18). Grounded theory methods were used for analysis.

Results:

Although motivated to manage the condition, individuals experienced a misalignment between elements of the care provision and cultural norms. Explanatory models of diabetes differed from the biomedical model reducing trust in treatment protocols. A lack of cultural salience reduced the accessibility of advice. Furthermore, elements of self-management advice were seen to conflict directly with some cultural traditions and practices. Individuals had to reconcile the two perspectives in order to proceed with self-management, often prioritising cultural norms and advice from informal sources over healthcare advice. Building personal relationships with the healthcare team improved trust and engagement.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest the needs in these communities were not being fully met. The healthcare interaction was pivotal in improving trust and engagement and reducing misinformation. However, appropriately informed community support also offers the potential to mitigate misalignment and to improve equity of access.
Prevalence of burnout in medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Almutairi Hessah , Alsubaiei Abeer , Abduljawad Sara , Alshatti Amna , Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Husni Mariwan , Jahrami Haitham
Published: July 2022

Background:

Medical students are at a significant risk of experiencing psychological issues, such as burnout. Over the past few years, more studies have been conducted on this topic, producing different results.

Aims:

The purpose of this review was to determine the global pooled prevalence rate and risk factors associated with burnout and its components among undergraduate (pre-intern) medical students.

Method:

From inception until 30 November 2021, nine electronic databases were used for an electronic search. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we pooled the estimates using the DerSimonian-Laird method. The prevalence of burnout in medical students was the primary outcome of interest. Data were analyzed globally, by country, by research measure. Age and sex were examined as confounders using meta-regression analysis.

Results:

A random-effects meta-analysis of 42 studies involving 26,824 evaluating the prevalence of burnout in medical students showed an overall prevalence rate 37.23% [32.66%; 42.05%], Q = 2,267.15(41), p < .0001, τ2 = .42, τ = .65, I2 = 98.2%; H = 7.5. Prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment were 38.08% [30.67%; 46.10%], 35.07% [26.74%; 44.41%], and 37.23% [32.66%; 42.05%], respectively. Variations were observed between countries and research measures. Age (older) and sex (female) were both significant predictors of burnout.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of burnout in medical students was estimated to be 37.23%. It is urgent that future studies serve as a basis for the development of prevention and treatment programs to prevent and treat burnout in students.
The Effect of Curfews on Political Preferences
Authors: Aksoy Deniz , Menger Andrew , Tavits Margit
Published: July 2022

Governments often use curfews as counterinsurgency measures. Do such state actions affect citizens’ political preferences? We argue that citizens’ responses depend on their group alignment. Citizens who are aligned with the government are more likely to interpret state actions as serving their interests and reward the governing parties as a result. Citizens who are aligned with the insurgent movement, however, are likely to interpret these same actions as targeted and disengage from politics: they have no reason to reward the governing parties and may also be fearful of expressing support for the parties affiliated with the insurgent movement. We find support for this argument with survey data from Turkey, fielded before and during curfews. When exposed to curfews, Turks generally increase their support for the governing party. However Kurds do not increase their support for the governing party or the opposition; instead, we present strong evidence that they withdraw their support from the Kurdish opposition and become more hesitant to express any political preferences.
Periodontitis and COVID-19: Biological Mechanisms and Meta-analyses of Epidemiological Evidence
Authors: Baima G. , Marruganti C. , Sanz M. , Aimetti M. , Romandini M.
Published: July 2022

Since the beginning of 2020, the entire global health care system has been severely challenged by the outbreak of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). Robust evidence has demonstrated a more severe course of COVID-19 in the presence of several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Here, we critically appraise the recent research discoveries linking periodontitis to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and to severe COVID-19, with a special focus on the associated biological mechanisms and the available epidemiological evidence. SARS-CoV-2 main receptors and coreceptors (ACE2, TMPRSS2, furin, CD147) are overexpressed in periodontal tissues of periodontitis patients, with inflammation, periodontal pathogens, and damage-induced pyroptosis triggering a positive feedback loop. However, meta-analyses of epidemiological studies only indicated a nonstatistically significant tendency for an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in subjects with periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69; 95% CI, 0.91–3.13, P = 0.09). Furthermore, periodontitis may worsen clinical COVID-19 courses through multiple direct and indirect pathways, including damage to lower airways due to aspiration of periodontal pathogens, exacerbation of the cytokine storm via the low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, and SARS-CoV-2 dissemination through the ulcerated gingival epithelium with consequent induced pulmonary vessels vasculopathy. Indeed, meta-analyses of epidemiological studies indicated that periodontitis subjects are more likely to experience a more severe course of COVID-19. Specifically, periodontitis was associated with a 4-fold increased odds of hospitalization (OR = 4.72; 95% CI, 1.11–20.03, P = 0.04), 6-fold of requiring assisted ventilation (OR = 6.24; 95% CI, 2.78–14.02, P = 0.00), and more than 7-fold of death due to COVID-19 complications (OR = 7.51; 95% CI, 2.16–26.10, P = 0.00). The breakthrough analyzed here emphasizes the relevance of the mouth-systemic connection as a target to mitigate the current COVID-19 emergency and the future predicted coronavirus pandemics.
Deep Learning–Based Prediction of the 3D Postorthodontic Facial Changes
Authors: Park Y.S. , Choi J.H. , Kim Y. , Choi S.H. , Lee J.H. , Kim K.H. , Chung C.J.
Published: July 2022

With the increase of the adult orthodontic population, there is a need for an accurate and evidence-based prediction of the posttreatment face in 3 dimensions (3D). The objectives of this study are 1) to develop a 3D postorthodontic face prediction method based on a deep learning network using the patient-specific factors and orthodontic treatment conditions and 2) to validate the accuracy and clinical usability of the proposed method. Paired sets ( n = 268) of pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of adult patients were trained with a conditional generative adversarial network to generate 3D posttreatment facial data based on the patient’s gender, age, and the changes of upper (ΔU1) and lower incisor position (ΔL1) as input. The accuracy was calculated with prediction error and mean absolute distances between real T2 (T2) and predicted T2 (PT2) near 6 perioral landmark regions, as well as percentage of prediction error less than 2 mm using test sets ( n = 44). For qualitative evaluation, an online survey was conducted with experienced orthodontists as panels ( n = 56). Overall, PT2 indicated similar 3D changes to the T2 face, with the most apparent changes simulated in the perioral regions. The mean prediction error was 1.2 ± 1.01 mm with 80.8% accuracy. More than 50% of the experienced orthodontists were unable to distinguish between real and predicted images. In this study, we proposed a valid 3D postorthodontic face prediction method by applying a deep learning algorithm trained with CBCT data sets.
Experts, who needs them? Judicial inconsistency in instruction, admission and interpretation of forensic expertise
Authors: Shorter Louise , Cobain Rachelle , Madland Geir
Published: July 2022

Science is knowledge. Continuing study adds to that knowledge, hence science is in perpetual flux. The law courts too are in flux but change in legal opinion does not necessarily keep pace with that of scientific opinion and the appeal court's concern for finality may override the correction of injustice through progress in understanding. From its casework, the charity Inside Justice has identified failures in the instruction of experts pre-trial and inconsistencies in the admission and evaluation of expert evidence post-trial, illustrated here by half a dozen case studies.
Polarity Reversal: The Socioeconomic Reconfiguration of Partisan Support in Knowledge Societies
Authors: Kitschelt Herbert P. , Rehm Philipp
Published: July 2022

This article proposes a framework to analyze realignment processes in countries that transition from industrial to knowledge societies. It characterizes the electorate in terms of two traits that are main predictors for attitudes in a two-dimensional policy space of economic and noneconomic issues: income (low vs. high) and education (low vs. high). The framework divides the electorate into four groups—based on the interaction of these two dichotomized traits—and predicts how and when the voting propensities of these four groups change over time. Using a wide variety of data sources, the article tests hypotheses regarding changing voting behavior of education-income groups, as well as cross-national differences across twenty-one rich democracies.
Commercial Sexual Exploitation During Adolescence: A US-Based National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
Authors: Barnert Elizabeth S. , Bath Eraka , Heard-Garris Nia , Lee Joyce , Guerrero Alma , Biely Christopher , Jackson Nicholas , Chung Paul J. , Dudovitz Rebecca
Published: July 2022

Objectives

National data on the health of children and adolescents exposed to commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) are lacking, during both adolescence and adulthood. Using nationally representative data, we examined the health of male and female adolescents in grades 7-12 who experienced CSE exposure and subsequent adult health outcomes and access to health care.

Methods

Our retrospective cohort study used data from Waves I-IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994-2008) to characterize relationships between CSE exposure before or during adolescence and health during adolescence and adulthood. The analytic sample included 10 918 adult participants aged 24-34 in Wave IV. We performed bivariate analyses, stratified by sex, to quantify the relationship between CSE exposure before or during adolescence and adolescent and adult health outcomes.

Results

Four percent of participants reported having a CSE exposure before or during adolescence (5% of males, 3% of females). Factors associated with CSE exposure among adolescents included race/ethnicity, parental education level, previous abuse, same-sex romantic attractions, history of ever having run away from home, and substance use. During adolescence, exposure to CSE was associated with worse overall health, depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts for both males and females. In adulthood, adolescent CSE exposure was associated with depression among males and functional limitations among females. A higher percentage of males with CSE exposure before or during adolescence, compared with their non–CSE-exposed peers, used the emergency department as their usual source of care during adulthood.

Conclusions

CSE exposure before or during adolescence was associated with poor adolescent and adult health outcomes and health care access. Observed differences between males and females warrant further exploration.
Evaluating and Validating the Classification Accuracy of a Screening Instrument to Assess Risk for Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Child Welfare–Involved Children and Adolescents
Authors: Panlilio Carlomagno C. , Dierkhising Carly B. , Richardson Jennifer , Runner Jane
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

Identifying children and adolescents within child welfare at risk for commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) can ensure referrals to appropriate services. However, screening measures to understand the prevalence of CSE are missing in child welfare. We evaluated the classification accuracy of a screener developed for the purpose of this study, guided by the Sexual Exploitation among Youth (SEY) risk assessment framework used in practice with child welfare–involved young people, (1) to identify young people at high versus low risk for experiencing CSE and (2) to estimate the prevalence of CSE risk for child welfare–involved children and adolescents.

Methods:

We used extant data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being study with a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents aged 11-17 years (n = 1054) investigated by child welfare from February 2008 to April 2009. The 26-item screener showed acceptable reliability (α = .73) and test-criterion validity evidence using a CSE proxy outcome (ie, narrowly defined as being paid for sexual relations). We used the receiver-operating curve to classify risk and calculate the optimal cutoff score.

Results:

Higher scores on the SEY screener (range, 0-20 points) increased the odds of experiencing CSE by 34%. The screener was good at discriminating CSE risk at the 6-point cutoff, with 26.7% of child welfare–involved young people identified as being at high risk for CSE.

Conclusions:

Given the absence of accurate prevalence rates of CSE risk in the population, a theoretical cutoff index using an established method can provide an objective decision on how to distinguish risk levels. Prevalence estimates for CSE risk highlight the need for systematic screening in child welfare to identify and provide services for young people at risk.
Working With Survivors of Human Trafficking: Results From a Needs Assessment in a Midwestern State, 2019
Authors: Preble Kathleen M. , Nichols Andrea , Cox Ashley
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

While the needs of human trafficking survivors have been documented in the academic discourse, the saliency of such needs is understudied. This study aimed to reveal the critical needs of service provision for human trafficking survivors in a Midwestern state as perceived by multidisciplinary service providers.

Methods:

Targeting health care, social service, law enforcement, public health, and other service providers involved in anti–human trafficking service delivery, we disseminated a survey using purposive and snowball sampling. Drawing from survey responses collected in 2019 from 107 service providers working with 422 survivors of human trafficking in the previous 12 months in a Midwestern state, we examined the saliency of needs from the perspective of service providers in the health care, criminal justice, and social service sectors.

Results:

Respondents indicated on a Likert scale (1-5) the level of need for 37 social, health care, and legal services in their communities. The top-indicated needs statewide were mental health care, shelter/housing, peer mentorship programs, legal services, transportation, and provider training in juvenile courts, schools, law enforcement, and health care settings on human trafficking.

Conclusion:

The results suggest the need for statewide responses, such as legal assistance networks, telemental health options, and enhanced training collaborations between interpersonal violence and anti–human trafficking service providers. The study findings are generalizable beyond the study site in 3 ways that can guide strategic action: (1) they provide a framework for state-level analysis and strategic planning that parallels the results; (2) they show that regional variation is possible and should be accounted for in state-level study design, analysis, and strategic planning; and (3) the implications for housing assistance, legal assistance, mental health/substance use disorder–related health care, and training are scalable.
Use of ICD-10 Codes for Human Trafficking: Analysis of Data From a Large, Multisite Clinical Database in the United States
Authors: Kerr Patrick L. , Bryant Gavin
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

People experiencing trafficking often seek health care but are not identified. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention added new International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes specific to human trafficking (hereinafter, HT ICD-10-CM codes) that could systematize the identification and documentation of human trafficking in US health care settings, the extent of their use is unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) the frequency of HT ICD-10-CM code use in US health care organizations (HCOs) and (2) demographic data associated with HT ICD-10-CM codes using a large clinical database.

Methods:

This retrospective study used deidentified data collected from October 1, 2018, through March 30, 2021, from a clinical database (N = 69 740 144 patients) network (TriNetX) of 48 collaborating US HCOs. Data included number of patients with ≥1 HT ICD-10-CM code, diagnoses, and demographic characteristics (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and region).

Results:

HT ICD-10-CM codes were associated with 298 patients in US HCOs, most of whom were young (mean [SD] age, 26 [16] y), White (53.0%; n = 158), and female (87.9%; n = 262). Thirty-seven of 48 (77.1%) participating HCOs used ≥1 HT ICD-10-CM code. The most frequently used HT ICD-10-CM codes were “forced sexual exploitation, suspected” (32.2%; n = 96) and “personal history of forced labor or sexual exploitation” (27.1%; n = 81). Labor trafficking codes were noted in approximately 3.7% of cases.

Conclusions:

HT ICD-10-CM codes are being used by health care professionals, as confirmed by large databases. Further research is needed to understand variation in code use and risk factors associated with human trafficking.
A Novel Method to Examine Public Communications and Policy Representations: A Case Example of Hawai‘i’s Perspective on Juveniles Involved in Commercial Sexual Activity
Authors: Marshall Sarah Momilani
Published: July 2022

Public policy may be strongly influenced by the language used in the media to discuss issues. This language can create a policy image or policy representation that frames the issue as being either deserving or undeserving of policy aid. This policy representation, in turn, may influence the direction of public policies proposed to address the issue. This article presents the development of a codebook for systematically examining the language used in the media to create these policy representations. Framing theory and a qualitative content analysis approach were used to develop the codebook, using a 4-part taxonomy: problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and policy recommendation. The issue of juveniles involved in commercial sexual activity in Hawai‘i was used as a case study to guide creation of the codebook. Pilot study data were drawn from Hawai‘i’s local newspapers and from testimony submitted to the Hawai‘i State Legislature during 1985-2016. A set of coding schemes built on the 4-part taxonomy was based on the dichotomous attitude of juvenile criminality and juvenile exploitation. Pilot data indicated that juveniles are increasingly being represented as victims of sexual exploitation (newspaper, 45%; testimony, 90%), and the presence of thematic elements in the media strongly correlated with this overall shift. A key lesson learned was the ability of the codebook to capture episodic and thematic elements, which may have strong implications for those concerned with populations that are exploited, politically marginalized, and in need of policy aid. Another key lesson learned was the strength of the codebook to collect quantitative and qualitative data that may lie outside carefully constructed dichotomous frames (eg, a policy representation of juveniles as survivors) and the media’s prevailing narratives (eg, the experience of sexual minority juveniles).
A political prayer: Praying the Lord’s Prayer in Caesar’s empire
Authors: Wright Arthur M.
Published: July 2022

For many Christians around the world, the Lord’s Prayer is the most common prayer they pray, often on a daily or weekly basis. The temptation is to hear the word “prayer” and think strictly about spiritual matters. When this prayer of Jesus is read and interpreted in its Roman imperial context, however, it takes on new layers of meaning that are profoundly political. It has a significant bearing on how people of faith live under the dominion of empire while seeking to fully realize an alternative vision of God’s kingdom and justice on earth.
Praying to learn, learning to pray: Reading the Lord’s Prayer in context
Authors: McNeel Jennifer Houston
Published: July 2022

The Lord’s Prayer is often recited and studied apart from its literary context. While the prayer on its own is valuable, studying it in the context of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke reveals further theological insights. This article analyzes the prayer first in the context of Matthew, as part of the Sermon on the Mount. Here, the prayer serves to highlight the connection in Matthew’s Gospel between an inner disposition of faithfulness and outward actions of compassion. Next, the prayer is read in the context of the Gospel of Luke, in which Jesus gives it as a response to the disciples asking him to teach them to pray. Here, the prayer serves to highlight Luke’s focus on prayer as connection to God and the importance of perseverance in one’s prayer life. While the meaning of the Lord’s Prayer in Matthew and the meaning of it in Luke are not contradictory, they are distinct, and interpretive riches are lost when readers fail to observe the differences in literary context and emphasis.
Living ritual: How the Lord’s Prayer shapes liturgy and lives
Authors: Vega Meg Lacy
Published: July 2022

This article explores the Lord’s Prayer as a form of embodied ritual through which practitioners enact the prayer of Jesus with body, mind, and spirit. A common perception of spiritual formation is that it begins with the mind (belief) and only slowly works its way into the body (behavior). Yet, Jesus’s teachings on prayer are not mental instructions (belief), but rather a demonstration of embodied practice (behavior). In this article, the author puts the Lord’s Prayer in conversation with neuroscience research and embodiment practices to unpack how this Lord’s Prayer as a physical practice shapes congregational liturgy and congregants’ spiritual lives.
Research on AGV trackless guidance technology based on the global vision
Authors: Zheng Zhaolun , Lu Yujun
Published: July 2022

With the change of manufacturing mode and the progress of science and technology, the traditional manufacturing industry has gradually developed to intelligent manufacturing and flexible manufacturing. To achieve factory transformation, Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) is indispensable. In this paper, an AGV trackless guidance technology based on global vision is proposed. Firstly, the global vision camera is used to obtain the image of the AGV driving area, and then the obstacle information and position information of the AGV are obtained by image processing technology. Secondly, the A* algorithm is used to intelligently plan the AGV driving path, and the wireless network communication is used to control the AGV driving according to the planned path. Experiments show that the method is feasible and has the advantages of high flexibility, high precision, low cost and strong expansibility, which is of great significance to the realization of intelligent warehouse and unmanned chemical plant.
Neonatal Norwegian scabies
Authors: Arun Babu Thirunavukkarasu , Sharmila Vijayan , Nagendran Prabhakaran
Published: July 2022

Norwegian scabies is a severe form of scabies usually seen in immunocompromised children and adults. It is rarely reported in the neonatal age group. We present such a case.
From Love to Care: Arendt’s Amor Mundi in the Ethical Turn
Authors: Ferguson Lucien
Published: July 2022

This article offers a novel account of a key concept in Hannah Arendt’s political thought: amor mundi. In political theory’s ethical turn, theorists have increasingly turned to amor mundi as a source of ethical guidance and inspiration for politics. However, in doing so, they have elided Arendt’s distinct understanding of care. This article recovers Arendt’s understanding of amor mundi as care for the world by reconstructing the central concerns of her dissertation, Der Liebesbegriff bei Augustin, and tracing them to the “Crisis” essays of Between Past and Future. It shows that amor mundi emerges in the dissertation as part of a question: if love is our fundamental orientation toward the world, how can we love the world without instrumentalizing it? The two “Crisis” essays provide the following answer: if love is to avoid—and perhaps militate against—the instrumentalization of the world, it must take the form of care. Following this analysis, this article contends that the contribution of amor mundi to the ethical turn is best understood, not as the ethos needed to guide action in the political realm, but as a key pre- or nonpolitical ethos needed to conserve the world where politics takes place—and thus the very possibility of politics.
Learning and Adaptation in Polycentric Transport Governance: The Case of the Dutch Brabant Accessibility Agenda
Authors: Bousema Ingo , Busscher Tim , Rauws Ward , Leendertse Wim
Published: July 2022

The future of urban-regional transport crucially depends on the ability of transport governance systems to adapt. Polycentric theory claims that the presence of polycentric attributes and conditions enables governance systems to learn and adapt. However, an analysis of the Dutch Brabant Accessibility Agenda shows that their presence says little about the adaptive capacity of transport governance systems because learning and adaptation are influenced by dependencies. To optimize the adaptive capacity of transport governance systems, it is therefore vital to acknowledge both the diverse ways in how they learn and adapt, and the dependencies that shape these processes.
The Media’s Taste for Gene-Edited Food: Comparing Media Portrayals within US and European Regulatory Environments
Authors: Dahlstrom Michael F. , Wang Zhe , Lindberg Sonja , Opfer Kasey , Cummings Christopher L.
Published: July 2022

Recent gene-editing technologies are heralded by proponents as a revolution for developing gene-edited foods (GEFs) while critics demand increased governance and scrutiny of potential societal impacts. Governance of GEFs is different in the United States, where GEFs are entering the market, and Europe, which restricts GEF development. Definitive regulations for governing GEFs are not yet solidified in either region. We identify and compare how English-language media in the United States and Europe portray potential risks, benefits, and regulation of GEFs, and we explore how these portrayals may reflect their regulatory environments. Results show that the regions similarly prioritize benefit frames that emphasize the social and scientific progress GEFs may bring, and few articles express skepticism about potential benefits. Comparing samples across regions exposes differences between Europe and the United States in the risk and benefit portrayals and in governance initiatives. Both regions prioritize policy risks that are counter to their current oversight regimes: the US media sample focused on GEFs being underregulated while the European sample emphasize risks of too much regulation. This may demonstrate the power of media to reflect and even cultivate public opinion and may influence future policy revisions within these distinct regulatory environments.
Factors affecting the journal choice for manuscript submission: A qualitative study on Turkish medical researchers
Authors: Tazegul Gokhan , Etçioğlu Erkut , Emre Emre , Özlü Can
Published: July 2022

The factors that affect journal choice for manuscript submission vary, depending on the researcher’s career and field. Although several guidelines are available, information is limited on which criteria are used by Turkish authors. We aimed to evaluate the factors that affect Turkish medical researchers’ journal choice decisions using semi-structured in-depth video conference interviews. The participants identified journal prestige as the major factor, mainly Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCIE) indexing and journal impact factor (JIF), along with acceptance and rejection rates, the age of the journal, and journal audience. Participants identified high publishing costs and mandatory paid open access policy as negative factors. Future policies on covering publishing costs institutionally would be helpful to remove obstacles during journal choice. Turkish medical researchers should be informed on using various indexes and scientometric data to better understand journal performance, rather than only SCIE and JIF.
Personalised publication recommendation service for open-access digital archives
Authors: Müngen Ahmet Aníl
Published: July 2022

Increase in the number of open-access academic publications and open-access institutional academic archives led more researchers use these archives. No model offers personalised publication suggestions in academic archives. A central service architecture has been proposed towards personalised academic article recommendations for open-access digital archives. Thus, it has been possible to make personalised suggestions for open-access digital archives and enable researchers to discover new publications. A service based on the centralised micro-service architecture model was proposed in the study. Also, TF-IDF and article classification methods were used together for the personalised publication suggestion system. For the first time globally, the proposed method was used with 1464 real users in 49 open-access archives. F-measure success value was found to be higher than 0.8 for recommended publications.
Physical Activity Programming for Older Adults in Assisted Living: Residents’ Perspectives
Authors: Webster Katelyn E. , Seng Julia S. , Gallagher Nancy A. , Gothe Neha P. , Colabianchi Natalie , Smith Ellen M. Lavoie , Ploutz-Snyder Robert , Larson Janet L.
Published: July 2022

Decreasing sedentary behavior and increasing light physical activity could promote the maintenance of functional abilities for older adults in assisted living (AL). The purpose of this qualitative study was to gather residents’ recommendations about a proposed self-efficacy enhancing intervention to replace sedentary behavior with light physical activity. We interviewed 20 residents (mean age 83.1; 60% women). Topics included their current activities and thoughts about physical activity. We presented the intervention and asked questions to inform its modification. Data were analyzed with content and thematic analysis. Specific recommendations included shorter one-hour sessions and framing the intervention as increasing light physical activity rather than decreasing sedentary behavior. The thematic analysis identified multiple factors that could influence intervention implementation, including motivation to be active, safety concerns, ageist attitudes about physical activity, varying abilities of residents, social influences, and limited opportunities for physical activity. These results will inform physical activity intervention implementation for AL residents.
Collegiate musicians’ experiences with democratic rehearsal procedures
Authors: Scherer Alec D.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore collegiate musicians’ lived experiences with democratic rehearsal procedures in a concert band setting. A constructivist worldview and phenomenological framework were used to examine participants’ experiences using their own words through weekly written reflections, pre- and post- questionnaires, rehearsal interactions, and semi-structured interviews. Participants ( N = 42) were members of a co-directed, non-auditioned university concert band at a large midwestern university. Data collection took place during an eight-week concert cycle which included scaffolded democratic experiences such as (a) selecting music for performance, (b) participating in collaborative score study/preparation during rehearsal, (c) identifying and selecting music segments for rehearsal, (d) identifying and describing opportunities for individual and ensemble performance improvement, (e) analyzing, discussing, and making decisions regarding how the music should be performed, (f) participating in student-led sectionals, and (g) participating in student-led full ensemble rehearsal. Themes associated with participants’ experiences included (a) the value of multiple perspectives, (b) ownership and musical agency, (c) engagement, and (d) providing feedback. Participants indicated that the democratic rehearsal cycle was generally a positive experience. Application of democratic rehearsal procedures may aid students in developing their agency, musicianship, and musical independence.
Analyzing the Relationship Between Psychological Biases and Initial Public Offerings Investment Decision-making in India
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Kumar Mohit
Published: July 2022

The study investigates the effect of psychological biases on investment decision-making in the financial market with particular reference to the initial public offerings (IPO) market in India. The research is conducted by administering a self-completion questionnaire to measure selected psychological biases. Using the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique of the multivariate analysis, the study analyzes a sample of 230 individual IPO investors and examines the effect of the selected psychological biases on the degree of irrationality in the market. The findings of the study reveal that investors are prone to availability and representativeness biases. This study suggests that an augmented understanding of fundamental psychological biases of human decision-making would help the Indian IPO market achieve a more significant level of market efficiency. The contribution of this research lies in its practical implications to the issuer of the issue, intermediaries and market regulators.

JEL Classification: G11, G23, G41
Continued and intensified hostility: The problematisation of immigration in the UK government’s 2021 New Plan for Immigration
Authors: GRIFFITHS CLARE , TREBILCOCK JULIE
Published: July 2022

Drawing on Bacchi’s (2009) ‘What’s the problem represented to be?’ framework, this article provides a critical analysis of HM Government’s (2021a) New Plan for Immigration. We explore how immigration is problematised, the assumptions that underlie these problematisations, alternative ways of representing the ‘problem’ of immigration, and the possible effects of the proposed reforms. Our article demonstrates how the New Plan is increasingly hostile towards, not only ‘illegal’ migrants, but an ever-widening group of people and organisations who may be viewed as facilitating illegal entry (organised criminals, hauliers) and/or those held responsible for preventing/delaying their removal (lawyers). The government’s proposals risk creating a two-tiered system, increasing the exclusion experienced by those seeking asylum, and widening the net of those held responsible for immigration control. Ultimately, we conclude that while the sentiments behind the government’s New Plan may not be all that ‘new’, they are nevertheless significant for their continuation and intensification of existing hostile policies and practices relating to immigration in the UK. This is especially so, given a number of recent global events that could have provided an opportunity to disrupt the government’s problematisation of, and hostility towards, people seeking refuge.
Changing Birth Practices in India: Oils, Oxytocin and Obstetrics
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sreeparna , Jacob Suraj
Published: July 2022

Institutional births increased in India from 39% to 79% between 2005 and 2015. Drawing from 17 months of fieldwork, this article traces the shift from home to hospital births across three generations in a hamlet in Assam in Northeast India. Here, too, one finds that most births have shifted from home to hospital in less than a decade, aided by multiple factors. These include ‘free’ birthing facilities and financial incentives offered by government schemes, idiosyncratic changes within the hamlet, such as the introduction of biomedical practices through home births where oxytocin was used, and changes in cultural belief systems among local people. The exploration reveals significant transitions between (and fluidities of) categories such as local/global, tradition/modernity, past/present and nature/technology, creating a complex and ambivalent narrative of change, in which the voices of mothers should not be ignored.
Linear Biases and Pandemic Communications
Authors: Villanova Daniel
Published: July 2022

Background

Previous research has demonstrated a tendency for individuals to mentally linearize nonlinear trends, leading to forecast errors. The present research notes that prior conceptualizations of these linear biases do not make identical predictions and examines how linear biases affect forecasts and risk perceptions of an unfolding epidemic.

Methods

This research uses an online experiment and a preregistered direct replication in a different online participant pool (total N = 608) to assess the trajectories of forecasts and risk perceptions over time in an unfolding epidemic.

Results

Framing the progress of the epidemic using total cases (v. the rate of new cases) leads to higher forecasts. This research also finds that the effect of frame varies over different time points in the epidemic and differs for forecasts versus risk perceptions. Finally, the effect of frame for forecasted totals is weaker among more numerate individuals.

Limitations

The studies use repeated measures that occur in 1 session rather than over the course of several months and involve a smooth epidemic curve rather than a noisy one with jagged case counts.

Conclusions

This research compares prior conceptualizations of linear biases and yields data with implications both for theory on linear biases and for communicators involved in disseminating information about epidemics.

Highlights

Framing the progress of the epidemic using total cases (v. the rate of new cases) leads to higher forecasts. The effect of frame varies over different time points in the epidemic and differs for forecasts v. risk perceptions. The effect of frame for forecasted totals is weaker among more numerate individuals.
Life-Cycle Approach to Healthy Airport Terminal Buildings: Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Mitigation Strategies for Addressing the Pollutants that Affect Climate Change and Human Health
Authors: Greer Fiona , Horvath Arpad , Rakas Jasenka
Published: July 2022

The potential environmental and human health impacts associated with constructing and operating terminal buildings is explored for commercial airports in the United States. Research objectives are to quantify: (1) baseline and mitigated greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions; (2) operational costs; and (3) climate change damages from terminal building construction and materials, operational energy consumption, water consumption and wastewater generation, and solid waste generation. An Excel-based decision-support tool, Airport Terminal Environmental Support Tool (ATEST), has been created to allow stakeholders to conduct preliminary assessments of current baseline and potential mitigated impacts. Emissions are quantified using a life-cycle approach that accounts for cradle-to-grave effects. Climate change and human health indicators are characterized using EPA’s Tool for Reduction and Assessment of Chemical Impact (TRACI) factors. ATEST is applied to multiple case study airports— Reno/Tahoe International (RNO), Pittsburgh International (PIT), Newark Liberty International (EWR), Seattle-Tacoma International (SEA), San Francisco International (SFO), and Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International (ATL)—to demonstrate its scalability and capability to assess varying spatial factors. Across all airports, electricity mix and construction are significant in determining GHG and CAP emissions, respectively. A sensitivity analysis of GHG emissions for the SFO case study reveals that the electricity mix, amount of electricity consumed within the terminal, terminal gross area, and amount of compostables in the solid waste stream have the most impact on increasing annual GHG emissions. ATEST represents a crucial first step in helping stakeholders to make decisions that will lead to healthier, more sustainable airport terminals.
Lane-Changing Trajectory Planning Model for Automated Vehicles Driving on a Curved Road
Authors: Luo Hao , Wang Min , Luo Weiming , Lv Wenjie , Yang Da
Published: July 2022

This paper attempts to study the lane-changing trajectory planning problem of automated vehicles driving on a curved road. The existing models have the following shortcomings. First, the curvature of the curved road is assumed as a constant, while the curvature is a gradient in the real world. Second, the existing studies either do not consider the speed variations of the surrounding vehicles in lane changing or ignore the curvature difference between the target and current lanes. To overcome the shortcomings, this study puts forward a novel trajectory planning model for curved-road lane changing of automated vehicles. In the model, a new strategy of planning a straight-road lane-changing trajectory first and then modifying it to adapt the curvature variation of the curved road is adopted, and a new collision-avoidance model for curved-road lane changing is developed. The proposed model is evaluated by comparing with the existing models and CarSim simulation platform. The results indicate that the proposed model can enhance the curved-road lane-changing safety of automated vehicles, and the lane-changing trajectory planned by the proposed model can be well tracked by automated vehicles.
Simulation and Criticality Assessment of Urban Rail and Interdependent Infrastructure Networks
Authors: Bin Wee Xian , Herrera Manuel , Hadjidemetriou Georgios M. , Kumar Parlikad Ajith
Published: July 2022

The role of urban infrastructure is becoming increasingly interdependent, resulting in new sources of vulnerability. Infrastructural asset failure can propagate between rail transportation and other infrastructure networks. There remains a lack of academic research focusing on the dynamic simulation of city-wide infrastructure using real-life data to quantify and cross-compare the criticality of assets. This paper aims to bridge this gap by developing a modeling methodology for interdependent urban infrastructure using complex network theory, which serves as a basis for investigating asset criticality and failure propagation. This modeling framework comprises the distribution of resource supply and demand, the topological representation and skeletonization of the infrastructure network, as well as modeling the propagation of asset failures. The framework is thereafter applied to a case study of the exposure of Greater London’s rail transportation network to failures from electricity infrastructure, selected as a representative example of interdependent infrastructures within a large-scale urban metropolitan area. Two time-based criticality metrics are also proposed to measure the topological extent of infrastructural failures and economic impacts resulting from the failure propagation of given initial failure scenarios. The results of the case study demonstrate that these proposed criticality metrics are effective in capturing the dynamics of failure propagation, and that topological metrics in criticality assessment do not always reflect the resulting economic damages of infrastructural failures.