bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Glutathionstatus der Rattenleber in Abhängigkeit vom Lebensalter und von akuter Belastung / The Status of Glutathione of the Rat Liver and its Dependence on the Age and Acute Stress
Authors: Harisch Günther , Schole Jürgen
Published: August 2018

The status of glutathione in the liver of male rats as a function of their age and acute stress was investigated. Total glutathione (TG), which is measured after the reduction of liver homo-genate with NaBH4 , reduced glutathione (GSH) and disulfide glutathione (GSSG) increase with advancing age of the test animals (weights from 15 g to 350 g).

The mixed glutathione disulfides [XSSG = TG - (GSH + 2GSSG)] of all ages amount to 2.0 μmol/g liver. Subsequent to the application of a stress with Vaccineurin III i.p. (weigth of 120 g), the TG values remain the same over a period of 24 hours; GSH decreases 30 min after the stress has been applied, whereas GSSG and XSSG increase. 60 min after the application of Vaccineurin, all values are within the controlled limits. 24 hours after the stress has been applied, GSH has increased and XSSG has decreased to 0.76 μmol/g fresh weight, whereas GSSG remains within the controlled limits. The causes of these changes in the status of glutathione are discussed.
Einfluß von Cysteamin auf die UV-Empnndlichkeit von λ-Phagen mit variablem Bromuracil-Gehalt / Influence of Cysteamine on the UV-Sensitivity of λ-Phages with Various BU-Contents
Authors: Mönkehaus Friedrich
Published: August 2018

λ-Phages with different amounts of BU in their DNA-strands were irradiated with long wave­ length UV light (302/313 nm) and short wavelength UV-light (254 nm) in the presence and ab­ sence of cysteamine. It was found that the dose reduction factor is dependent on the percentage BU-substitution only after irradiation with UV-light of 254 nm, not after long wavelength UV-irradiation. Furthermore, the inactivation cross section is proportional to the BU-content of the DNA after irradiation with long and with short wavelength UV-light in the presence of cysteamine. The results lead to the conclusion that the presence of cysteamine inhibits energy transfer processes which occur after irradiation with UV-light of 254 nm in the absence of cysteamine.
Interactions of Monomolecular Films of Retinal at Alkaline pH
Authors: Yckowski N , Brody S.S.
Published: August 2018

The surface properties of mixed monomolecular films of retinal and phospholipids were studied at a nitrogen/water interface. The subphase was glycine buffer pH 10.5 with an ionic strength of 0.1. Monomolecular films of retinal in the presence of amino acids were also measured. The area per molecule, at a surface pressure of 10 dyn/cm, A10 , in the dark for 9-cis retinal and 11-cis retinal are 42 Å2 and 47 Å2, respectively. After irradiation A10 for 9-cis retinal and 11-cis retinal dcerease to 40 Å2 and 43 Å2, respectively. The surface potentials, ⊿V, at a surface pressure of 10 dyn/cm, in the dark for 9-cis retinal and 11-cis retinal are 470 mV and 445 mV, respectively. After irradiation, AV for 9-cis retinal decreases to 435 mV and 11-cis retinal increases to 490 mV. Interaction was observed between retinal and phospholipids and amino acids. The A10 and ⊿V 10 of mixed films of retinal and phospholipid were measured as a function of the mole fraction of phospholipid. Maximum interaction is observed at mole ratios of; phosphatidylserine/9-cis = 1; phosphatidylethanolamine/9-cis = 2, phosphatidylserine/11-cis = 3; phosphatidylethanolamine/11-cis = 3. It is shown that mixing and interaction between phosphatidylethanolamine and retinal is spontaneous. The A10 and ⊿V10 of films of retinal were measured as a function of the molar concentration of amino acid in the subphase. The nature of the interaction between retinal and phospholipid and amino acid are discussed.
Chelate Formation of Riboflavine with Yttrium (III), Lanthanum (III), and Cerium (III)
Authors: Sekhon B.S. , Chopra S.L
Published: August 2018

Stepwise stability constants of the interactions of 7,8-dimethyl (ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl) isoalloxazine (riboflavine) with Y (III) , La (III) and Ce (III) have been determined at 35 and 45 °C and ionic strength of 0.05 ᴍ using Bjerrum-Calvin pH titration technique. The values of free energy (⊿G), enthalpy (⊿H) and entropy changes (⊿S) have been reported.
ᴅ-( + )-Dikaffeoyl-Weinsäure aus Endivien ( Cichorium endivia L.) / ᴅ-( + ) -Dicaffeoyl Tartaric Acid from Endives (Cichorium endivia L .)
Authors: Wöldecke M. , Herrmann K.
Published: August 2018

The predominant caffeic acid compound of endives has been crystallized after column chromatography on polyamide and cellulose and was identified as ᴅ -(+) -dicaffeoyl tartaric acid.
Flechteninhaltsstoffe, XIII. Physodol, ein neues Depsidon aus Hypogymnia physodes / Components of Lichen, XIII. Physodol, a New Depsidone from Hypogymnia physodes
Authors: Solberg Yngve
Published: August 2018

In an investigation of Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. a new depsidone Physodol has been isolated. UV, IR and HrMS studies were used in the investigation. The structure of the component is given in Scheme 1.
Reactions of a Monospecific Antiserum to Ferredoxin-NADP+ - Reductase with Chloroplast Preparations
Authors: Schmid Georg H. , Radunz Alfons
Published: August 2018

A monospecific antiserum to ferredoxin-NADP+-reductase inhibits the diaphorase activity of soluble ferredoxin-NADP+-reductase from chloroplasts. Two states of the molecular structure of the lamellar system have been observed, one of which is the state described earlier by Berzborn. Stroma-freed chloroplasts in this condition are not agglutinated by the antiserum, although a specific adsorption of antibodies to reductase onto the lamellar system was demonstrated by the Coombs test. However, a second type of chloroplast preparations gives direct agglutination upon addition of the antiserum. Apparently, agglutination in this state is not sterically hindered by neighboring protein structures. This type of chloroplast preparations appears swollen under the light micro­ scope, but exhibits high rates of electron transport.

Chloroplasts of three types of tobacco have been used which differ in the morphology of their lamellar systems. The green type contains a normal ratio of grana and intergrana regions whereas the other two types have extended intergrana regions with either only small grana or no partitions at all. Comparison of the maximal degree of inhibition of the NADP+-reduction in chloroplasts from these types of tobacco by the antiserum, leads to the conclusion that ferredoxin-NADP+-reductase is located in the grana and the intergrana regions of the lamellar system, in the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane.
Fettsäuren und Lipide in farblosen Algen / Fatty Acids and Lipids in Colourless Algae
Authors: Glasl H , Pohl P
Published: August 2018

The colourless algae, Prototheca portoricensis, Polytoma oviforme, Chlorella variegata (Chlorophyta), and Chilomonas paramecium (Pyrrhophyta) mainly synthesize the 16 : 0, 18 : 1, and partly also 1 8 : 2 and 18 : 3 fatty acids.

The major lipids formed were neutral lipids (glycerides and sterol esters) and phospholipids.

In their fatty acid content, these organisms resembled fresh water green algae. They differed from the photosynthesizing fresh water green algae, however, in containing none or very low amounts of polyunsaturated C16 acids (16 : 2 , 16 : 3) and glycolipids.
Chemical Constituents from Hepaticae, XVIII. Low-boiling Constituents in the Essential Oil of the Liverwort, Bazzania pompeana(Lac.)1
Authors: Matsuo Ahihiko , Nakayama Mitsuru , Hayashi Shûichi
Published: August 2018

In the course of investigation on chemical constituents of essential oil of the liverwort, Bazzania pompeana, the lowboiling constituents were identified as β-pinene, γ-terpinene, 3-octanone, camphor and thujanol.
Aktivität und subzelluläre Lokalisation der Adenylzyklase im Flugmuskel von — Locusta migratoria — / Activity and Subcellular Localization of the Enzyme Adenyl Cyclase in the Flight-muscle of Locusta migratoria
Authors: Achazi R.K.
Published: August 2018

In the flight-muscle of Locusta migratoria the adenyl cyclase shows the specific activity of 27.4 ± 8.3 pmol cAMP/ mg protein · min. Among the fraction obtained by differential centrifugation approximately 85% of the activity recovered is located in the myofibrillar fraction, and 11% in the mitochondrial fraction.
Darstellung von Aminomethylpyrrolylmethanen aus Porphobilinogen Chemistry of Porphobilinogen Preparation of Aminomethylpyrrolylmethanes from Porphobilinogen
Authors: Bausch Jochen , Eberle Albrecht , Miiller Gerhard
Published: August 2018

New methods for the synthesis of the aminomethyldipyrrolylmethane and the aminomethyl-tripyrrane, which are resulting from formal head to tail condensation of porphobilinogen are de­ scribed. Porphobilinogen was used as base material in these procedures. The aminomethyl group of porphobilinogen reacts as an alkylating agent with several amines as well as with porpho-bilinogen-lactam. The condensation of porphobilinogen with its lactam gave the dipyrrolylmethane-lactam, which afforded after hydrolysis the desired aminomethyldipyrrolylmethane. The conden­ sation of the latter with porphobilinogen-lactam gave the lactam of the aminomethyltripyrrane, which was then hydrolysed to the free aminomethyltripyrrane
Triterpenoids and Related Substances of Euphorbia paralias
Authors: Rizk A. M. , Youssef A. M. , Diab M. A. , Salem H. M.
Published: August 2018

The study of the triterpenoids and their related substances of Euphorbia paralias resulted in isolation of ursolic acid, cycloartenol, 24-methylenecycloartenol, uvaol, a hydrocarbon fraction (n-C29 n-C35), alcohol fraction (hexacosanol and octacosanol) and a sterol fraction (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and cholesterol)
Kinetic of Lipoquinone and Pigment Synthesis in Green Hordeum Seedlings during an Artificial Day-Night Rhythm with a Prolonged Dark Phase
Authors: Lichtenthaler Hartmut K. , Grumbach Karl H.
Published: August 2018

The effect of a prolonged darkness (48 h) with a following re-illumination on the prenyllipid metabolism of chloroplasts is tested in green Hordeum seedlings. Continuous darkness induces thylakoid and prenyllipid breakdown and changes the remaining lipoquinone and carotenoid metabolism of chloroplasts to that of etioplasts. Re-illumination, in turn, reverses the effects of darkness and regenerates the photosynthetic apparatus within 24 hours by a continuous and spe­cific synthesis of certain thylakoid prenyllipids.

1. The level of chlorophylls, vitamin K1 and that of the oxidized benzoquinone forms, plasto-quinone-9 and α-tocoquinone, decreases continuously in darkness. All these prenyllipids are re­ synthesized upon re-illumination, whereby a faster destruction rate in the dark (α-tocoquinone + plastoquinone-9 > vitamin K1 > chlorophylls) corresponds to a faster re-accumulation rate in the light.

2. The concentration of the reduced benzoquinones plastohvdroquinone-9 and α-tocopherol. which are preferentially deposited in the osmiophilic plastoglobuli, increases until 24 hours of dark­ness and decreases thereafter either continuously (plastohydroquinone-9) or exhibits another strong increase (α-tocopherol). Re-illumination results only in the accumulation of the oxidized quinone forms (mainly plastoquinone-9 and little α-tocoquinone) ; the level of plastohydroquinone remains, however, almost constant with a concomitant and steady decrease in the concentration of α-tocopherol. Darkness changes the main metabolite flow in benzoquinone synthesis via the formation of α-tocopherol (a trimethyl-, phythyl-(1,4-benzoquinone derivative) and light (re-illumination) via the production of plastoquinone-9 (a trimethyl, solanesyl-1.4-benzoquinone).

3. Carotenoids are enriched throughout the dark phase (mainly xanthophylls, little β-carotene) with a higher accumulation rate than after re-illumination, which yields again a higher portion of β-carotene. The correlation of prenyl chain synthesis (phytyl chain for chlorophylls and vitamin K1, solanesyl chain for plastoquinone-9) in the light with a reduced rate of carotenoid formation is discussed with respect to prenyl biosynthesis.

4. It is concluded that breakdown and re-synthesis of thylakoids and their prenyllipds, which are described here in a prolonged dark phase with following re-illumination, also occur during natural day-night growth of plants. The turnover of the thylakoid membranes and their lipids does, however, not get visible, since the decomposition in the night is recompensated by new synthesis during day. From the destruction rate one can calculate in a first approximation the biological half life time (τ 1/2) which gives values in the range of 7 to 2,5 days for all thylakoid prenyllipids
Circular DNA in Isolated Chromoplasts
Authors: Falk Heinz , Liedvogel Bodo , Sitte Peter
Published: August 2018

Flower chromoplasts of Narcissus pseudonarcissus have been isolated in high purity and inte­ grity by a new procedure. From these chromoplasts circular DNA molecules in supercoiled form have been isolated and demonstrated by electron microscopy to have a contour length of about 44 μm (molecular weight about 92 x 106 daltons)
Der Einfluß von Bleiionen auf Enzyme der Chlorophyllbiosynthese / Influence of Lead-ions on Enzymes of the Chlorophyll Biosynthesis
Authors: Hampp Rüdiger , Ziegler Hubert
Published: August 2018

The influence of different concentrations of PbCl2 on the activity of several enzymes of the chlorophyll biosynthesis in isolated spinach chloroplasts was analyzed. The succinyl-CoA-synthetase was weakly inhibited; a concentration of 2 mᴍ PbCl2 reduced the enzyme activity for 30% only. The concentration of δ-aminoevulinic acid (ALA) after incubation of the chloroplast homogenate with the substrates for the succinyl-CoA-synthetase + ALA-synthetase (cf. Fig. 9) was increased by lower concentrations of PbCl2 (0 - 50 μm) and decreased by higher (>50 μm). This can be explained by a correspondent influence of PbCl2 on the activity of ALA-synthetase or (more probably) by a relative stronger inhibitory effect of PbCl2 on the ALA-metabolizing than on ALA-producing enzymes. δ-Aminoevulinic acid dehydratase is strongly inhibited at low concentrations of PbCl2, as it is in animals. The same is true for porphobilinogenase
8 -Methoxypsoralen macht Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Kalanchoe daigremontiana und die Tumorinduktion empfindlich für langwelliges UV / 8-Methoxypsoralen Makes Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Kalanchoe daigremontiana, and the Tumor Induction Sensitive for Long Wave UV
Authors: Beiderbeck Rolf
Published: August 2018

If Agrobacterium tumefaciens is treated with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MP) and irradiated with long wave UV the subsequent growth of the bacteria is stopped whereas respiration continues for at least 7 hours. Treatment with 8-MP or UV alone has no effect.

Also the wound healing processes in Kalanchoe leaves are inhibited by simultaneous applications of 8-MP and UV. Tumor induction on Kalanchoe leaves is reduced by simultaneous treatment with 8-MP and UV of a. the inducing bacteria before infection; b. the wounded leaves before infec­ tion : c. the infected leaves at least up to 24 hours after infection.

These results are discussed in relation to a participation of bacterial or host DNA in the infec­ tion process
Growth Inhibition of Human Lymphoblastoid Cells by Interferon Preparations, Obtained from Human Leukocytes
Authors: Hilfenhaus Joachim , Karges Hermann E.
Published: August 2018

The growth inhibition of human lymphoblastoid cells by human interferon preparations (HIF) and a mock-interferon preparation (Mock-IF) was studied. HIF was induced in suspensions of primary human leukocytes by Newcastle Disease Virus. Mock-IF was prepared from uninduced cell suspension of a comparable batch. The highest degree of inhibition of cell propagation was ob­ tained on the EBV producer line P3HR1, the inhibition of the cell lines Raji and SKL 1 was significantly lower, no effect was observed on the cell line RPMI 1788 originating from a healthy donor. Mock-IF also caused a growth inhibition but to a lower degree as HIF. HIF and Mock-IF are similar in the following properties: 1. Stability at pH 2 at 4 °C for four days, 2. sensitivity to tryptic digestion, and 3. molecular weights in the range between 5,000 and 40,000 daltons
Darstellung und Eigenschaften von 5-Acetyl-4-methyl-1-(β -D-ribofuranosyl)- imidazol-5′ -di- und -triphosphat / Synthesis and Properties of 5-Acetyl-4-methyl-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-imidazole-5′ diand -triphosphate
Authors: Johnscher Gerd , Berghäuser Jürgen , Woenckhaus Christoph
Published: August 2018

5-Acetyl-4-methyl-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl) -imidazole-5′-phosphate reacts with diphenylphospho chloridate forming the asymmetrical pyrophosphate ester. This in turn reacts with tri-n-butylammonium phosphate yielding 5-acetyl-4-methyl-imidazole-riboside-5′-diphosphate and with tri-rcbutylammonium pyrophosphate to give the nucleotide triphosphate.

5-Acetyl-4-methyl-imidazole-riboside-5′-pyrophosphate shows in the test with pyruvate kinase a reaction rate three times slower than that of ADP; but the same Km as that of ADP. The ATP analogue is only about 10% as effective as ATP itself in the test with hexokinase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase and gluconate kinase. Adenylate kinase and NAD+ kinase show no activity when ATP is replaced by the nucleotide-triphosphate-analogue. In presence of ATP the analogue strongly inhibits the reaction of adenylate kinase.
Der Einfluß von Protoplastenmedien auf die Tumorinduktion an Kalanchoe-Blättern / The Influence of Protoplast Media on the Tumor Induction on Kalanchoe Leaves
Authors: Beiderbeck Rolf
Published: August 2018

Experiments concerning tumor transformation of plant cells or protoplasts need complete knowledge of the effects of media components. Here inhibiting effects of cellulase Onozuka, glucose, sucrose and mannitol (up to 0.3 M) , of tissue culture media, and of the antibiotic aureo-mycin on the tumor initiation process in Kalanchoe leaves are reported. Also the influence of these substances on the growth of the tumor inducing Agrobacterium tumefaciens is studied. The results lead to the design of conditions which should be favourable to in vitro transformation.
The Effect of 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Histamine on Glycolysis in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Leonard B. E.
Published: August 2018

Following the intraventricular injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine into the lateral ventricles of conscious mice, the concentration of brain lactate rose immediately but then decreased significantly compared with the saline injected controls. The concentration of brain glucose increased 20 min after the injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine. These effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine on lactate and glucose were qualitatively similar to those found following the administration of methysergide. After the parenteral adm inistration of 5-hydroxytryptophan, the lactate levels showed a biphasic change but brain glucose was significantly decreased for up to 90 min following the injection. p -Chlorophenylalanine potentiated the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine by further increasing glucose and decreasing lactate levels. After histamine had been injected into the ventricles, the concentrations of bound glycogen and lactate were decreased whereas free glycogen and glucose were raised.

It is suggested th at 5-hydroxytryptamine, and possibly histamine, are involved with control of glycolysis in the mouse brain.
Determination of Exotoxin in Bacillus thuringiensis Cells
Authors: Horská K. , Vanková J, , Šebesta K.
Published: August 2018

The presence of exotoxin in Bacillus thuringiensis was demonstrated and its quantity in the cells determined. The concentration of exotoxin in the producing microorganism is approximately half the concentration of ATP. Exotoxin is produced at such a rate th at the cell excretes 1/5 to 1/4 of its exotoxin content into the medium per minute.
The Role of Electrical and Volume Transport in Heterogeneous Reaction Systems
Authors: Kahrig E. , Beßerdich H. , Brecht E. , Kirstein D.
Published: August 2018

For autocatalysis coupled with diffusion the local periodic concentration profiles are influenced essentially by electrical transport and convection.

When diffusion is negligible for Michaelis-Menten-kinetics equations are given to determine the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km from transport measurements.
Interaction between Cholesterol and Calcium Ions in Solution
Authors: Marfey S. P. , Van Meter R. , Bartlet M. E.
Published: August 2018

Dialysis rates of cholesterol, calcium chloride dihydrate and of their mixture in 90% aqueous dioxane through Visking cellulose membrane were characterized by half-escape times (t½) of 2.2, 1.0 and 10.5 hours, respectively. Slow dialysis rate observed with the mixture was due to complex formation between four molecules of cholesterol and two molecules of calcium chloride dihydrate, molecular weight 1800 to 2000. The association constant for this complex in 90% aqueous dioxane was estimated to be 3.9 × 1014. Rates of dialysis obtained with a natural protein membrane were in the reverse order to those obtained with cellulose membrane. Half-escape times for cholesterol, calcium chloride dihydrate and for their mixture were 0.6, 6.7 and 1.4 hours, respectively. Determinations of milliosmolality of the three solutions by freezing point depression indicated that in the mixture there were fewer osmotically active same molarity, also suggesting formation of the complex which was detected by dialysis experiments.
Synthese einer Partialsequenz aus dem aktiven Zentrum der Streptokokken-Proteinase / Synthesis of a Fragment of the Active Center of the Streptococcal Proteinase (EC 3.4.22.10), VII
Authors: Raschig Andreas , Schneider Friedhelm , Raschig Andreas , Schneider Friedhelm
Published: August 2018

The synthesis of the protected peptides Boc-Ala-Ala-Thr-Gly-ONp, Boc-Ala-Thr-Ala-Thr-Ala-ONB and Boc-Ala-Ala-Thr-Gly-His-Cys(X)-Val-Ala-Thr-Ala-Thr-Ala-ONB [X = p-methoxybenzyl, tertbutylmercapto, tetrahydropyranyl-(2)] is described. These peptides are fragments of an active center sequence of the streptococcal proteinase (EC 3.4.22.10) which contains the essential SH group of the enzyme.
An Improved Assay of UV-induced Thymine-Containing Dimers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Fäth W. W. , Brendel M.
Published: August 2018

The method for assaying thymine-containing dimers in yeast is based on highly efficient ([3H]-deoxythymidine-5′-monophosphate) DNA-specific labelling and employs ascending thin layer chromatography. It allows satisfactory quantitative analysis down to UV-doses of 500 erg/mm2.
The Ionization and Optical Properties of Oxoformycin
Authors: Davies R. J. H.
Published: August 2018

Details are given of the ultraviolet, optical rotatory dispersion and fluorescence spectra of oxoformycin. The pK of formation of the monoanion is 8.6, at 25 °C. As formycin B has the same pK value, the ionization of both compounds is ascribed to dissociation of a proton from N-1. Both the neutral and monoanionic forms of oxoformycin are strongly fluorescent.
Out-of-Plane Fluctuations of Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Helfrich W.
Published: August 2018

It is shown that out-of-plane fluctuations of two-dimensonally fluid membranes may lead to a decrease in effective area and affect stretching elasticity.
In Vitro Transformation of Chicken Bone Marrow Cells with Avian Erythroblastosis Virus
Authors: Graf Thomas
Published: August 2018

An in vitro transformation of bone marrow cells has been demonstrated for two strains of avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV-R and AEV-ES4). The transformed cells were indistinguishable from in vivo transformed erythroblasts in morphology and staining characteristics and could be propagated to large numbers. The transformation efficiency could be greatly increased by the addition of dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO). The number of foci appearing in the presence of DMSO was proportional to the virus concentration.
Studies on the Nature of the Primary Reactions of Photosystem II in Photosynthesis I. The Electrochromic 515 nm Absorption Change as an A ppropriate Indicator for the Functional State of the Photochemical Active Centers of System II in DCMU Poisoned Chloroplasts
Authors: Renger G. , Wolff Ch.
Published: August 2018

The field indicating electrochromic 515 nm absorption change has been m easured under different excitation conditions in DCMU poisoned chloroplasts in the presence of benzylviologen as electron acceptor. It has been found :

1. The am plitude of the 515 nm absorption change is nearly completely suppressed under repetitive single turnover flash excitation conditions which kinetically block the back reaction around system II (P. Bennoun, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 216, 357 [1970]).

2. The am plitude of the 515 nm absorption change measured under repetitive single turnover flash excitation conditions which allow the completion of the back reaction during the dark time between the flashes (measuring light beam switched off) amounts in the presence of 2 /um DCMU nearly 50% of the electrochromic 515 nm am plitude obtained in the absence of DCMU. In DCMU poisoned chloroplasts this am plitude is significantly decreased by hydroxylaminhydrochloride, but nearly doubled in the presence of D C IP + ascorbate.

3. The dependence of the 515 nm amplitude on the time t& between the flashes kinetically resembles the back reaction around system II. The time course of the back reaction can be fairly described either by a second order reaction or by a two phase exponential kinetics.

4. 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) or a-bromo-a-benzylmalodinitril (BBMD) reduce the 515 nm am plitude in DCMU poisoned chloroplasts, but seem to influence only slightly the kinetics of the back reaction.

5. The dependence of the 515 nm am plitude on the flash light intensity (the am plitude norm alized to 1 at 100% flash light intensity) is not changed by DNB.

Based on these experimental data it has been concluded that in DCMU poisoned chloroplasts the am plitude of the 515 nm absorption change reflects the functional state of photosystem II centers (designated as photoelectric dipole generators II) under suitable excitation conditions. Furtherm ore, it is inferred th at in DCMU poisoned chloroplasts the photoelectric dipole generators II either cooperate (probably as twin-pairs) or exist in two functionally different forms. With respect to BBMD and DNB it is assumed that these agents transform the photoelectric dipole generators II into powerful nonphotochemical quenchers, which significantly reduce the variable fluorescence in DCMU-poisoned chloroplasts
Absence of Plastocyanin in the Alga Bumilleriopsis and its Replacement by Cytochrome 553
Authors: Kunert Karl-Josef , Böger Peter
Published: August 2018

Different preparative procedures for isolation and purification of plastocyanin were successful to obtain the pure protein from Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesm us acutus and Spinacia oleracea but not from B um illeriopsis filiform is. Lade of plastocyanin in this alga was further confirmed by the following in comparison with spinach chloroplast material:

a. Use of antibodies to block photosynthetic reactions generally dependent on plastocyanin;

b. epr spectral assessment;

c. treatment of chloroplasts with KCN and amphotericin B ;

d. light-induced changes at 553 nm ( = cytochrome f photooxidation).

The latter assays indicated that, in contrast to spinach, neither plastocyanin nor cytochrome f ( = Cyt 553) is present in sonified or pyridine treated Bumilleriopsis chloroplasts. Photooxidation of (added) cytochrome 553 takes place not only without plastocyanin but is counteracted by the copper protein
Stickstoff-Ausscheidung durch N2-fixierende Blaualgen, II / Nitrogen Excretion by Nitrogen Fixing Blue-green Algae, II
Authors: Pohl P. , Drath G.
Published: August 2018

Wachstum und Stickstoff-Ausscheidung von Anabaena solitaria bei Züchtung in Süß­ wasser bzw. in Mischungen aus Süß-und Seewasser sowie unter Zusatz von Fe, Mn und Mo Nitrogen Excretion by Nitrogen Fixing Blue-green Algae, II Growth and Nitrogen Excretion of Anabaena solitaria Grown in Freshwater and in Mixtures of Freshwater and Seawater, as Well as with Fe, Mn, and Mo Added to the Nutrient Medium Nitrogen Excretion, Nitrogen Fixing Blue-green Algae, Anabaena solitaria, Blue-green Algae The nitrogen fixing blue-green alga, Anabaena solitaria, was grown in freshwater and in mixtures of freshwater and seawater. Freshwater and a 5% mixture (95 volumes of freshwater and 5 volumes of seawater) proved to be most suitable: Growth (as expressed by the formation of chlorophylls; approx. 1.9 u g chlorophyll/ml) was comparatively high. The nitrogen content of the nutrient medium was increased to 750 - 760 //mol N/1. Upon addition of appropriate amounts of FeCl3 , MnCl2 , and Na2MoO4 , the nitrogen content reached 1060 -1080//mol N /1, whereas the chlorophyll formation remained at approximately the same level. Thus Fe, Mn, and Mo appear to have a stimulating effect on nitrogen excretion by Anabaena solitaria. Under the conditions de­ scribed, this organism may be suitable for the mass production of algae.
Gewinnung synchron wachsender und sich vermehrender Hefezellen ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) / Preparation of Synchronously Growing and Multiplying Yeast Cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Authors: Braun R , Schmid W , Stossek K
Published: August 2018

From purchasable yeast small cells are preparated by repeated centrifugation. They grow and multiply in a good synchronisation
Conversion of D-Lysine to ʟ-Lysine via L-Pipecolic Acid in Neurospora crassa
Authors: Müller W.-U. , Leistner E.
Published: August 2018

Neurospora crassa, Biosynthesis, ᴅ-Lysine, ʟ-Lysine, Role of ʟ-Pipecolic Acid Neurospora crassa converts ᴅ-lysine to ʟ-pipecolic acid and the latter to ʟ-lysine by a pathway outlined herein and different from mechanisms hitherto known to be involved in interconversions of enantiomers of amino acids.
Die Bedeutung des Substrates bei der Induktion der Tyrosina- Ketoglutarat-Transaminase* in RLC-Zellen / The Importance of the Substrate for the Induction of Tyrosine-α-ketoglutarate- Transam inase in RLC-cells
Authors: Kröger Hans , Donner Ingrid , Voss Herbert , Plötze Gisela
Published: August 2018

1. Dexamethasone phosphate causes approximately a threefold increase of the tyrosine-a-ketoglutarate transaminase in the culture of RLC cells.

2. The induction of the enzyme depends on the presence of L-tyrosine. Omission of L-leucine or L-tryptophan, respectively, has no effect.

3. Omission of L-tyrosine influences the activity of the lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase not at all and that of the glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase only to a small extent.

4. In the absence of ʟ-tyrosine an super-induction takes also place by actinomycin
Structure-response Relationships in Noctuid Sex Pheromone Reception An Introductory Report
Authors: Priesner Ernst , Jacobson Martin , Bestmann Hans
Published: August 2018

Pheromones, Olfactory Receptors, Structure-response Relationships, Lepidoptera Electroantennogram (EAG) data reflecting response spectra of male pheromone receptors have been analyzed for 16 species of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). The test compounds included 100 phero­ mone analogues, altered in chain length, in position and configuration of double bond(s), and in the functional end groups. On comparison of amounts of substance required to elicit an equivalent EAG response, a single compound was determined to be most effective on a given species; these structures, either known or proposed as the natural sex pheromones of the species, were cis-1-dodecen-1-yl acetate, cis-7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, cts-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, Jrarcs-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, cis-ll-hexadecen-l-yl acetate, cis-9, trans-12-tetradecadien-l-yl acetate, cis-9-tetradecen-1-yl formate, and cts-9-tetradecen-1-ol, respectively. Elongation (shortening) of the chain by 1 or 2 methylene groups, the movement of a double bond 1 carbon from the optimum, a change to the opposite geometrical isomer, or the introduction of a second double bond invariably reduced EAG responses to 1.8 to 56 times below that observed with the most stimulating compound, in all 16 species. Further alterations in chain length or in double bond position caused even greater reduc­ tion in activity, as did certain changes in end group (Tables I and II).

A set of distinct rules could be derived from these structure-response relationships; one of these rules concerns the optimum position of the double bond(s) in relation to chain length, and another one the ratios in activity values produced by end group variations, irrespective of chain length. The same rules described here for 16 noctuid species held also for the structure-response relationships observed within various additional groups of Lepidoptera.

From EAG values determined in this study, an attempt has been made to calculate physico­ chemical propteries of underlying acceptor structures.
On the Kinetics and Mechanism of Spontaneous Intramolecular Reduction of the Central Metal Ion in K2[Mn(IV)-2-α-hydroxyethyl isochlorin e4] Acetate in Aqueous Alkaline Solutions and its Relation to the Binding Sites of Manganese in Photosynthesis
Authors: Vierke Gerhard , Müller Manfred
Published: August 2018

Spectrophotometric investigation of the kinetics of the spontaneous reduction of the central metal ion in K2[Mn (IV)-2-α-hydroxyethyl-isochlorine e4] acetate in aqueous alkaline solution in the absence of any reducing agent reveals that it is a pseudo-first order reaction which is specifically hydroxide ion catalyzed. The pKα-value of the acid-base equilibrium has been estimated to be 14.4.

Electron transfer to the central metal ion is the rate limiting step. The measurements of its temperature dependence yields an activation enthalpy of ∆H‡ = 12 kcal/mol and an entropy of activation ∆S‡ = - 30 e.u. thus indicating that the electron transfer step is a bimolecular reaction. The most likely reactant is water. The reduction reaction does not take place with appreciable reaction rates at physiological pH. Thus, when bound to a suitable ligand of the chlorin type, Mn (IV)-compounds are sufficiently stable with respect to autoxidation to play some role in biological redox reactions as postulated recently for the photoreactivation process of the water splitting system in photosynthesis.
Kinetic of Lipoquinone and Pigment Synthesis during Red Light-Induced Thylakoid Formation in Etiolated Barley Seedlings
Authors: Grumbach K. H. , Lichtenthaler H. K.
Published: August 2018

Red light induces in etioplasts of dark-grown barley seedlings (H ordeum vulgare L.) parallel to the formation of chlorophyll an increased synthesis of carotenoids, lipophilic benzoquinones and of vitamin K1.

1. Among the carotenoids red light initiates an enhanced synthesis of β-carotene, lutein, violaxanthine and neoxanthine whereas the pools of zeaxanthine and antheraxanthine are decreased.

2. The formation of plastoquinone-9, vitamin K1 and a-tocoquinone is more enhanced than that of a-tocopherol.

3. The red light-induced changes of carotenoid and lipoquinone metabolism are similar in a qualitative sense to those obtained under continuous far-red, white or blue light.

4. In contrast to blue light, red light induces in the first hours of illumination a lower rate of chlorophyll and vitamin K1 formation. There are also differences in the ratios of the individual pigments and lipoquinones throughout the greening period.
The Use of Argentation Chromatography for the Analysis of Fatty Acid Esters of Polyenes: The Structure of Carotenoid Esters of Aglais urticae (Lepidoptera, Insecta)
Authors: Kayser Hartmut
Published: August 2018

Argentation Thin-layer systems for argentation chromatography of fatty-acid esters of carotenoids have been developed. As two-dimensional reversed-phase partition system on paraffine impregnated cellulose this method permits a clear discrimination between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. By adsorption on silver nitrate containing silica gel-G separation of carotenoid esters according to the degree of unsaturation of their fatty acids was established. With the use of known esters for comparison the fatty acids of whole carotenoid esters can be successfully analysed from minute amounts.

Using these methods the carotenoid esters of pupae of Aglais urticae have been studied. The pupae contain 5.3% β-carotene, 46% lutein diester, 7.8% lutein 3-monoester, 11.7% lutein 3′-mono-ester, and 29.2% unesterified lutein. The fatty acids of the esters are linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) only. The diester fraction was composed of 70% dilinolenate, 25% linolenate-linoleate, and 5% dilinoleate. The combined monoesters consisted of 81% linolenate and 19% linoleate. The two main diesters could be isolated in a preparative scale and their structure verified by mass spectrometry.

On the whole, in Aglais pupae 6.2 μg linolenic acid and 1.4 μg linoleic acid are bound to lutein. Since polyunsaturated fatty acids are of dietary origin, and represent essential factors for insect development, it is concluded, that their esterification with carotenoids may be a mode of storage comparable to the formation of glycerides.
ATPase Activity and Light Scattering of Acto-Heavy Meromyosin: Dependence on ATP Concentration and on Ionic Strength
Authors: Dancker Peter
Published: August 2018

1. The dependence on ATP concentration of ATPase activity and light scattering decrease of acto-HMM could be described at very low ionic strength by one hyperbolic adsorption isotherm with a dissociation constant of 3 × 10-6 м. Hence the increase of ATPase activity was paralleled by a decrease in light scattering. At higher values of ionic strength ATPase activity stopped rising before HMM was completely saturated with ATP. Higher ionic strength prevented ATPase activity from further increasing when the rigor links (links between actin and nucleotide-free m yosin), which have formerly protected the ATPase against the suppressing action of higher ionic strength, have fallen below a certain amount. This protecting influence of rigor links did not require tropo-myosin-troponin.

2. For complete activation of ATPase activity by actin less actin was needed when HMM was incompletely saturated with ATP than when it was completely saturated with ATP.

3. The apparent affinity of ATP to regulated acto-HMM (which contained tropomyosin-troponin) was lower than to unregulated acto-HMM (which was devoid of tropomyosin-troponin). In the presence of rigor complexes (indicated by an incomplete decrease of light scattering) the ATPase activity of regulated acto-HMM was higher than that of unregulated acto-HMM. At increasing ATP concentrations the ATPase activity of regulated acto-HMM stopped rising at a similar degree of saturation with ATP as the ATPase activity of unregulated acto-HMM at the same ionic strength. Introduction
A Study of the Neurohumoral Control of Glycolysis in the Mouse Brain in vivo: Role of Noradrenaline and Dopamine
Authors: Leonard B. E.
Published: August 2018

Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Glycolysis, Adenyl Cyclase Intraventricularly injected noradrenaline, dopamine and isoprenaline increased glycolysis as shown by the decrease in the concentration of “free” glycogen and increase in the concentration of lactate.

The effects of noradrenaline and isoprenaline were reduced in mice which had been pretreated with α-methyl-p-tyrosine. ʟᴅ-Propranolol blocked the increase in glycolysis caused by noradrenaline, isoprenaline, sodium fluoride and analogues of 3,5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

It is suggested that the results of this investigation can be explained by the various drugs and neurohormones acting on the adenyl cyclase system in vivo, either by blocking the action of the neurohormone on the membrane bound enzyme or monophosphate on glycolysis.
Computer Simulation of Primary Photosynthetic Reactions — Compared with Experimental Results on O2-Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Green Plants
Authors: Holzapfel Christian , Bauer Robert
Published: August 2018

A computer model describing the “Z-scheme” of photosynthetic electron transport in terms of reduction and oxydation of coupled redox pools was built up. Starting from a certain initial state corresponding to the dark adapted state of the photosynthetic system the reduction and reoxidation levels of the pools were calculated during adaptation of the system to a steady state in the light. The changes of calculated redox levels were compared with experimental results of fluorescence and oxygen evolution induction curves. It is shown that the transients in prompt fluorescence and oxygen evolution can be described by reduction and reoxidation of the primary electron acceptor pool and the electron donor pool of photosystem II due to reduction and oxidation of the other pools during adaptation to light. The first depression D in the fluorescence induction curve is explained by the existence of a redox pool X between the primary electron acceptor pool Q of photosystem II and plastoquinone. It is shown that DCMU blocks the electron flow between Q and X. Furthermore, it is shown that the inhibitor DBMIB probably not only blocks the electron flow but also causes a successive disconnection of the plastoquinone pool from the electron transport chain.
Damage Caused by Tw o Finnish Mushrooms, Cortinarius speciosissimus and Cortinarius gentilis on the Rat Kidney
Authors: Möttönen M. , Nieminen L. , Heikkilä Heli
Published: August 2018

The toxicity of two mushroom species found in Finland, Cortinarius speciosissimus and Cortinarius gentilis, on the rat was studied. Dried, homogenized mushroom was given orally by stomach tubing. A dose of 500 mg dried mushroom/kg body weight, was used.

It was demonstrated that both species caused renal damage. No damage could be shown in other organs. The renal histopathological changes corresponded to those of tubulo-interstitial nephritis. The sensitivity of different individuals to the fungal toxins varied greatly.
Properties of Mouse Leukemia Viruses
Authors: Seifert Eveline , Claviez Michael , Frank Hermann , Hunsmann Gerhard , Schwarz Heinz , Schäfer Werner
Published: August 2018

A suspension tissue culture producing large amounts of Friend leukemia virus was developed. Properties of the cells and the virus are described.
Inhibition of Ca2+ and Zn2+ Uptake by Mn2+ in Excised Rice Roots
Authors: Ramani Saradha , Kannan Seshadri
Published: August 2018

The effects of varying concentrations of Mn2+ on the absorption of divalent cations, viz., Ca2+ and Zn2+ from 2 concentrations were studied. Mn2+ at all concentrations tested were inhibitory to Ca2+ uptake from 0.1 and 5 mᴍ CaCl2 . However, when Ca2+ uptake was measured at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 10 mᴍ CaCl2, MnCl2 only at high concentration of 5 mᴍ, inhibited Ca ab­sorption. Zn2+ uptake from 0.1 mᴍ ZnCl2 was decreased by all concentrations of Mn2+.
Chromosomale Strukturen von Pseudomonas testosteroni. I. Isolierung und Charakterisierung der chromosomalen Komplexe / Chromosomal Structures of Pseudomonas testosteroni. I. Isolation and Characterization of the Chromosomal Complexes
Authors: Reimer Günter , Drahovsky Dusan
Published: August 2018

After lysis of Pseudomonas testosteroni with lysozyme and non-ionic detergents different DNA-protein complexes can be separated in 5 -25% (w/v) neutral sucrose gradient. The protein to DNA ratio of these complexes varies between 0.5-4.5 to 1, whereby the faster sedimenting forms contain more protein than the slower sedimenting ones. Different initial rates of DNase digestion may indicate various degrees of DNA packing in these complexes. The chromosomal complexes of Pseudomonas testosteroni are relatively stable towards pronase. Treatment with RNase or sodium dodecylsulphate is accompanied by a dramatic increase in viscosity and decrease in relative density. It suggests that DNA in these complexes is maintained in its supercoiled form by RNA molecule (s) in a similar way as in isolated chromosome of E. coli.
The Juvenile Hormones in Blood of Larvae and Adults of Manduca sexta (Joh.)
Authors: Peter Martin G. , Dahm Karl H. , Roller Herbert
Published: August 2018

Juvenile Hormone, Manduca sexta The juvenile hormones (JH) in extracts of M anduca sexta blood were converted to 10-(2,4-di-chlorobenzoyloxy)-11-methoxy derivatives and quantitatively determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Early IVth instar larvae contained 0.62 ng JH-I, 1.1 ng JH-II and 0.07 ng JH -III per ml blood. Early Vth instar larvae, and adult of both sexes contained the hormones in concentrations from 0 to 0.24 ng/ml blood. No hormone was detected in late Vth instar (wandering) larvae. The detection limit in our experiments was ≦ 0.003 ng/ml blood.
The Greening Process in Euglena gracilis, I. The Kinetics of Appearance of Chloroplast Proteins and the Effect of Cycloheximide and Chloramphenicol on Their Synthesis
Authors: Wildner G. F.
Published: August 2018

Proplastids in dark grown Euglena gracilis cells undergo a developmental process during illumination yielding full functional chloroplasts. The appearance of chlorophyll, cytochrome 552, cytochrome 563, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in these cells was investigated and different kinetics of synthesis were observed for each component.

Light adaptation experiments on dark grown cells in the presence of the 70S ribosome in­ hibitor, chloramphenicol, revealed that the synthesis of cytochrome 552 was blocked but not cytochrome 563. In presence of the 80S ribosome inhibitor cycloheximide, the synthesis of both cytochromes as well as of chlorophyll (a + b) and of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase were inhibited. However, at low concentrations of cycloheximide (3.5 to 9 x 10-8 ᴍ), a stimulation of the synthesis per cell of the cytochromes, of chlorophyll (a + b) and of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase was observed.
Differences in the Lipid Distribution in Subcellular Fractions of Mouse Fibroblasts Derived from Logarithmic and Stationary Growth
Authors: Kulas Hans Peter , Anderer F. Alfred
Published: August 2018

The lipid class compositions of subcellular fractions of SV40-transformed mouse fibroblasts derived from the logarithmic and stationary growth phase were compared. Cell populations of the stationary growth phase showed a relative decrease of the protein content and an increase of triglycerides and alkoxydiglycerides which could be located in the non-sedimenting fraction and in the nuclei and mitochondria containing fraction, respectively. Furtheron, distinct shifts in the subcellular distribution of those lipid classes could be observed which exhibited no relative overall increase or decrease when the cells of both growth phases were compared. In the crude plasma membrane fraction the ratio “lipid class/protein” remained about constant with the exception of the phospholipids and alkoxydiglycerides.
Ultrastructure of Gene Transcription in Spermatocytes of Trichosia pubescens Morgante, 1969 (Diptera: Sciaridae)
Authors: Amabis J.M. , Nair K. K.
Published: August 2018

In spread preparations of whole spermatocytes of Trichosia pubescens the ribosomal transcription units could be identified by virtue of their “Christmas-tree-like” morphology. The ultrastructural features of these matrices are similar to those described in other eucaryotes. However, in contrast to the previously described systems the “spacer” unit between these matrix units is very small or non-existent at all. In addition, axial fibers displaying much longer lateral fibrils, irregularly spaced, and not as closely packed as in the ribosomal cistrons, were found. These are likely to represent active nonribosomal transcription. In a few instances these lateral fibrils show a gradual increase in their length.
Notizen: Indirect EPR Evidence for the Production of Singlet Oxygen in the Photosensitization of Nucleic Acid Constituents by Proflavine
Authors: Vorst Albert van de , Lion Yves
Published: August 2018

EPR spectroscopy is used to analyse the influence of D2O and NaN3 on the free radicals induced in frozen aqueous solutions of 5′-thymidine monophosphate photo­ sensitized (λ>320 nm) by proflavine at 205 K. The results can be explained if the production of singlet oxygen during the process is assumed.