bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing Research on Medical Image Perception by Strengthening Multidisciplinary Collaboration
Authors: Treviño Melissa , Birdsong George , Carrigan Ann , Choyke Peter , Drew Trafton , Eckstein Miguel , Fernandez Anna , Gallas Brandon D , Giger Maryellen , Hewitt Stephen M , Horowitz Todd S , Jiang Yuhong V , Kudrick Bonnie , Martinez-Conde Susana , Mitroff Stephen , Nebeling Linda , Saltz Joseph , Samuelson Frank , Seltzer Steven E , Shabestari Behrouz , Shankar Lalitha , Siegel Eliot , Tilkin Mike , Trueblood Jennifer S , Van Dyke Alison L , Venkatesan Aradhana M , Whitney David , Wolfe Jeremy M
Published: December 2021

Medical image interpretation is central to detecting, diagnosing, and staging cancer and many other disorders. At a time when medical imaging is being transformed by digital technologies and artificial intelligence, understanding the basic perceptual and cognitive processes underlying medical image interpretation is vital for increasing diagnosticians’ accuracy and performance, improving patient outcomes, and reducing diagnostician burnout. Medical image perception remains substantially understudied. In September 2019, the National Cancer Institute convened a multidisciplinary panel of radiologists and pathologists together with researchers working in medical image perception and adjacent fields of cognition and perception for the “Cognition and Medical Image Perception Think Tank.” The Think Tank’s key objectives were to identify critical unsolved problems related to visual perception in pathology and radiology from the perspective of diagnosticians, discuss how these clinically relevant questions could be addressed through cognitive and perception research, identify barriers and solutions for transdisciplinary collaborations, define ways to elevate the profile of cognition and perception research within the medical image community, determine the greatest needs to advance medical image perception, and outline future goals and strategies to evaluate progress. The Think Tank emphasized diagnosticians’ perspectives as the crucial starting point for medical image perception research, with diagnosticians describing their interpretation process and identifying perceptual and cognitive problems that arise. This article reports the deliberations of the Think Tank participants to address these objectives and highlight opportunities to expand research on medical image perception.
Effects of capturing a wide-orbit planet on planetary systems: system stability and habitable zone bombardment rates
Authors: Kokaia Giorgi , Davies Melvyn B , Mustill Alexander J
Published: December 2021

A large fraction of stars are formed in dense clusters. In the cluster, close encounters between stars at distances less than 100 au are common. It has been shown that during close encounters planets can transfer between stars. Such captured planets will be on different orbits compared to planets formed in the system, often on very wide, eccentric, and inclined orbits. We examine how these captured planets affect Kuiper belt-like planetesimal belts in their new systems by examining the effects on habitable planets in systems containing an outer gas giant. We show that these captured planets can destabilize the belt, and we show that the fraction of the planetesimals that make it past the giant planets into the system to impact the habitable planet is independent of the captured planet’s orbital plane, whereas the fraction of the planetesimals that are removed and the rate at which they are removed depend strongly on the captured planet’s pericentre and inclination. We then examine a wide range of outcomes of planet capture and find that when a Jupiter-mass planet is captured it will in 40 per cent of cases destabilize the giant planets in the system and in 40 per cent of cases deplete the belt in a few Myr, i.e. not posing much risk to life on terrestrial planets that would be expected to develop later. In the final 20 per cent of cases, the result will be a flux of impactors 10–20 times greater than that on Earth that can persist for several Gyr, detrimental to the development of life on the planet.
Optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of Nova V2891 Cygni: evidence for shock-induced dust formation
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Srivastava Mudit K , Banerjee Dipankar P K , Woodward C E , Munari Ulisse , Evans Aneurin , Joshi Vishal , Dallaporta Sergio , Page Kim L
Published: December 2021

We present multi-epoch optical and near-infrared observations of the highly reddened, Fe ii class slow Nova V2891 Cygni. The observations span 15 months since its discovery. The initial rapid brightening from quiescence, and the presence of an ∼35-d long pre-maximum halt, is well documented. The evidence that the current outburst of V2891 Cyg has undergone several distinct episodes of mass ejection is seen through time-varying P Cygni profiles of the O i 7773 Å line. A highlight is the occurrence of a dust formation event centred around approximately +273 d, which coincides with a phase of coronal line emission. The dust mass is found to be $\sim\!{0.83{-}1.25} \times 10^{-10}\ \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. There is strong evidence to suggest that the coronal lines are created by shock heating rather than by photoionization. The simultaneous occurrence of the dust and coronal lines (with varying velocity shifts) supports the possibility that dust formation is shock induced. Such a route for dust formation has not previously been seen in a nova, although the mechanism has been proposed for dust formation in some core-collapse supernovae. Analysis of the coronal lines indicates a gas mass and temperature of 8.35–8.42 × 10−7 M⊙ and ∼(4.8–9.1) × 105 K, respectively, and an overabundance of aluminium and silicon. A Case B analysis of the hydrogen lines yields a mass of the ionized gas of (8.60 ± 1.73) × 10−5 M⊙. The reddening and distance to the nova are estimated to be E(B − V) = 2.21 ± 0.15 and d = 5.50 kpc, respectively.
Ancestral morphology and taxonomic utility of squid statoliths (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae)
Authors: Díaz-Santana-Iturrios Mariana , Pacheco-Ovando Renata , Ibáñez Christian M , García-Rodríguez Francisco Javier , Salinas-Zavala César Augusto , Granados-Amores Jasmín
Published: December 2021

Loliginid squids from the northeastern Pacific are partially sympatric, and their identification is difficult as their diagnostic characters often overlap. Statoliths are hard structures that may vary with respect to phylogeny and thus have potential use in taxonomy. This, however, has to be investigated using robust methods. Here, we employ geometric morphometrics to evaluate the taxonomic utility of statolith shape in loliginids caught in Mexican waters and to acquire knowledge on statolith evolution through comparative phylogenetic methods. The loliginid species we examined showed specific statolith morphology that facilitates species identification. Our results also show that statolith shape has a strong phylogenetic signal and is a powerful character for species recognition. The ancestral statolith morphologies are not very different from extant forms, probably reflecting the relatively recent origin of the two genera evaluated and their low evolutionary rate. In addition, the evolution of statolith shape in species of the genus Lolliguncula seems to have been faster than that in the genus Doryteuthis, especially in L. panamensis, which could be related to habitat differentiation in the neritic coastal environment inhabited by loliginid squids. Our analysis of statolith shape demonstrates the potential for combining neontology and paleontology in understanding the diversification of loliginid squids.
A rare case of atypical Cogan’s syndrome presenting as encephalitis
Authors: Maikap Debashis , Pradhan Amrita , Padhan Prasanta
Published: December 2021

Cogan’s syndrome (CS) is a rare autoimmune vasculitis of unknown aetiology characterised by non-syphilitic interstitial keratitis, audiovestibular symptoms, sometimes systemic symptoms, and multi-organ involvement. Atypical CS has other ocular features, such as scleritis, episcelritis, retinitis, and optic neuritis. Diagnosis of CS is purely clinical without a confirmatory test. Hereby, we report a case of atypical CS presenting with features of encephalitis who was treated successfully with intravenous pulse methylprednisolone with cyclophosphamide. It is important to consider CS in the differential diagnosis of encephalitis with ocular and vestibular symptoms in young patients, as high morbidity and mortality rates are effectively lowered by early immunosuppressive treatment.
Surgical resection of glioblastomas induces pleiotrophin-mediated self-renewal of glioblastoma stem cells in recurrent tumors
Authors: Knudsen Arnon Møldrup , Halle Bo , Cédile Oriane , Burton Mark , Baun Christina , Thisgaard Helge , Anand Atul , Hubert Christopher , Thomassen Mads , Michaelsen Signe Regner , Olsen Birgitte Brinkmann , Dahlrot Rikke Hedegaard , Bjerkvig Rolf , Lathia Justin Durla , Kristensen Bjarne Winther
Published: December 2021

Background

Glioblastomas are highly resistant to therapy, and virtually all patients experience tumor recurrence after standard-of-care treatment. Surgical tumor resection is a cornerstone in glioblastoma therapy, but its impact on cellular phenotypes in the local postsurgical microenvironment has yet to be fully elucidated.

Methods

We developed a preclinical orthotopic xenograft tumor resection model in rats with integrated 18F-FET PET/CT imaging. Primary and recurrent tumors were subject to bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes and pathways were investigated and validated using tissue specimens from the xenograft model, 23 patients with matched primary/recurrent tumors, and a cohort including 190 glioblastoma patients. Functional investigations were performed in vitro with multiple patient-derived cell cultures.

Results

Tumor resection induced microglia/macrophage infiltration, angiogenesis as well as proliferation and upregulation of several stem cell-related genes in recurrent tumor cells. Expression changes of selected genes SOX2, POU3F2, OLIG2, and NOTCH1 were validated at the protein level in xenografts and early recurrent patient tumors. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed the presence of distinct phenotypic cell clusters in recurrent tumors which deviated from clusters found in primary tumors. Recurrent tumors expressed elevated levels of pleiotrophin (PTN), secreted by both tumor cells and tumor-associated microglia/macrophages. Mechanistically, PTN could induce tumor cell proliferation, self-renewal, and the stem cell program. In glioblastoma patients, high PTN expression was associated with poor overall survival and identified as an independent prognostic factor.

Conclusion

Surgical tumor resection is an iatrogenic driver of PTN-mediated self-renewal in glioblastoma tumor cells that promotes therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence.
Discovery of stable titanium at the northeastern jet of Cassiopeia A: Need for a weak jet mechanism?
Authors: Ikeda Takuma , Uchiyama Yasunobu , Sato Toshiki , Higurashi Ryota , Tsuchioka Tomoya , Yamada Shinya
Published: December 2021

The origin of the jet-like structures observed in Cassiopeia A is still unclear, although it seems to be related to its explosion mechanism. X-ray observations of the characteristic structures could provide us useful information on the explosive nucleosynthesis via the observation of elements, which is a unique approach to understand its origin. We here report the discovery of shocked stable Ti, which is produced only at the inner region of exploding stars, in the northeast jet of Cassiopeia A using the 1 Ms deep observation with the Chandra X-ray observatory. The observed Ti coexists with other intermediate-mass elements (e.g., Si, S, Ar, Ca) and Fe at the tip of the X-ray jet structure. We found that its elemental composition is explained well with the production by the incomplete Si burning regime, indicating that the formation process of the jet structure was sub-energetic at the explosion (the peak temperature during the nuclear burning must be ≲5 × 109 K at most). Thus, we conclude that the energy source that formed the jet structure was not the primary engine for the supernova explosion. Our results are useful to limit the power of the jet-structure formation process, and a weak jet mechanism with low temperature may be needed to explain it.
The evaluation and management of neonatal brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Shah Vibhuti , Coroneos Christopher J , Ng Eugene
Published: December 2021

Neonatal brachial plexus palsy presents at birth and can be a debilitating condition with long-term consequences. Presentation at birth depends on the extent of nerve injury, and can vary from transient weakness to global paresis, with active range of motion affected. Serial clinical examination after birth and during the neonatal period (first month of life) is crucial to assess recovery and predicts long-term outcomes. This position statement guides the evaluation of neonates for risk factors at birth, early referral to a multidisciplinary specialized team, and ongoing communication between community providers and specialists to optimize childhood outcomes.
Broad-spectrum fungal resistance in sorghum is conferred through the complex regulation of an immune receptor gene embedded in a natural antisense transcript
Authors: Lee Sanghun , Fu Fuyou , Liao Chao-Jan , Mewa Demeke B , Adeyanju Adedayo , Ejeta Gebisa , Lisch Damon , Mengiste Tesfaye
Published: December 2021

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), the fifth most widely grown cereal crop globally, provides food security for millions of people. Anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum sublineola is a major disease of sorghum worldwide. We discovered a major fungal resistance locus in sorghum composed of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor gene ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE GENE1 (ARG1) that is completely nested in an intron of a cis-natural antisense transcript (NAT) gene designated CARRIER OF ARG1 (CARG). Susceptible genotypes express CARG and two alternatively spliced ARG1 transcripts encoding truncated proteins lacking the leucine-rich repeat domains. In resistant genotypes, elevated expression of an intact allele of ARG1, attributed to the loss of CARG transcription and the presence of miniature inverted-repeat transposable element sequences, resulted in broad-spectrum resistance to fungal pathogens with distinct virulence strategies. Increased ARG1 expression in resistant genotypes is also associated with higher histone H3K4 and H3K36 methylation. In susceptible genotypes, lower ARG1 expression is associated with reduced H3K4 and H3K36 methylation and increased expression of NATs of CARG. The repressive chromatin state associated with H3K9me2 is low in CARG-expressing genotypes within the CARG exon and higher in genotypes with low CARG expression. Thus, ARG1 is regulated by multiple mechanisms and confers broad-spectrum, strong resistance to fungal pathogens.
Randomized Trial of Fetal Surgery for Severe Left Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Deprest Jan A. , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Benachi Alexandra , Gratacos Eduard , Ryan Greg , Persico Nicola , Sago Haruhiko , Johnson Anthony , Wielgoś Mirosław , Berg Christoph , Van Calster Ben , Russo Francesca M.
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2021;385:107–118)

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) occurs in approximately 1 in 4000 births, and 85% of these cases have the defect on the left side. The condition is associated with neonatal death due to respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension.
Preliminary Findings of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Safety in Pregnant Persons
Authors: Shimabukuro Tom T. , Kim Shin Y. , Myers Tanya R. , Moro Pedro L. , Oduyebo Titilope , Panagiotakopoulos Lakshmi , Marquez Paige L. , Olson Christine K. , Liu Ruiling , Chang Karen T. , Ellington Sascha R. , Burkel Veronica K. , Smoots Ashley N. , Green Caitlin J. , Licata Charles , Zhang Bicheng C. , Alimchandani Meghna , Mba-Jonas Adamma , Martin Stacey W. , Gee Julianne M. , Meaney-Delman Dana M.
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2021;384:2273–2282)

The first coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines in the United States were the messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna). Pregnant persons were excluded from the original Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) issued by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2020.
Intramuscular Progesterone Optimizes Live Birth From Programmed Frozen Embryo Transfer: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Devine Kate , Richter Kevin S. , Jahandideh Samad , Widra Eric A. , McKeeby Jeffrey L.
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2021;116:633–643)

Approximately one third of assisted reproductive cycles in the United States are classified as frozen embryo transfer (FET). Given the widespread utilization of FET in the treatment of infertility, identifying endometrial preparation protocols that optimize live birth is critical.
Adenovirus Infection in Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Infection in Jordan
Authors: Probst Varvara , Rankin Danielle A. , Haddadin Zaid , Hamdan Lubna , Rahman Herdi K. , Yanis Ahmad , Talj Rana , Spieker Andrew J. , Howard Leigh , Stewart Laura S. , Guevara Claudia , Yepsen Erin , Faouri Samir , Shehabi Asem , Williams John V. , Chappell James , Khuri-Bulos Najwa , Halasa Natasha B.
Published: December 2021

Background:

The most common clinical manifestation of adenovirus (AdV) infection is acute respiratory illness (ARI). Specific AdV species associated with ARI hospitalizations are not well defined in the Middle East.

Methods:

A viral surveillance study was conducted among children <2 years hospitalized in Amman, Jordan, from March 2010 to March 2013. Nasal and throat respiratory specimens were obtained from enrolled children and tested for viruses using a real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. AdV-positive specimens were typed by partial hexon gene sequencing. Demographic and clinical features were compared between AdV detected as single pathogen versus co-detected with other respiratory viruses, and between AdV-B and AdV-C species.

Results:

AdV was detected in 475/3168 (15%) children hospitalized with ARI; of these, 216 (45%) specimens were successfully typed with AdV-C as the most common species detected (140/216; 65%). Children with AdV-single detection (88/475; 19%) had a higher frequency of fever (71% vs. 56%; P=0.015), diarrhea (18% vs. 11%; p=0.048), and/or seizures/abnormal movements (14% vs. 5%; p=0.003). Children with AdV co-detected with other viruses more likely required oxygen support [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.91 (95% CI: 1.08, 3.39), P = 0.027] than those with AdV-single detection. Children with AdV-C had higher odds of co-detections with other viruses compared with those with AdV-B [aOR 4.00 (95% CI: 1.91, 8.44), P < 0.001].

Conclusion:

Clinical differences were identified between AdV-single and AdV co-detected with other viruses, and between AdV-B and AdV-C. Larger studies with AdV typing are needed to determine additional epidemiological and clinical differences between specific AdV species and types.
Ceftazidime-avibactam for the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Central Nervous System Infection in Pediatric Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Almangour Thamer A. , Alsubaie Sarah , Ghonem Leen , Almohaini Hissah A. , Mohammed Bakheet Hind , Altweijri Ikhlass
Published: December 2021

Very limited experimental and clinical data are currently available regarding the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration of ceftazidime-avibactam in adults. Nevertheless, up to our knowledge, there are no data of ceftazidime-avibactam use in central nervous system infections in pediatric patients. For that, here we describe our experience with the use of ceftazidime-avibactam in addition to intraventricular colistin in a pediatric patient diagnosed with ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection due to multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. A 2-year-old boy known to pre-term, delivered at 26 weeks with hydrocephalus that required ventriculoperitoneal shunt which was infected due to P. aeruginosa. He was treated with multiple antipseudomonal agents; however, cultures remained persistently positive. On day 54 of admission, the isolate was reported as multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and he was switched to ceftazidime-avibactam and intraventricular colistin. CSF cultures became sterile 3 days after initiation of this antibiotic regimen, and subsequent CSF cultures had no growth. No recurrent episode of central nervous system infections due to P. aeruginosa occurred up to 2 years of follow-up.
Laparoscopic Port-Site Hernia: An Underrecognized Iatrogenic Complication of Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: De Alwis Dinushi , Ades Alex , Nanayakkara Pavitra
Published: December 2021

Importance

Port-site hernia is an iatrogenic complication with a documented incidence between 0.65% and 2.8%. However, the true incidence could be higher because of delayed onset, asymptomatic nature, and loss to follow-up. Port-site hernia could be further complicated by incarceration or strangulation leading to small bowel obstruction requiring emergent surgical intervention, thus imposing significant financial and emotional burden to patients.

Objective

This article aims to provide a summary of the available literature concerning port-site hernia and explore preventive strategies for future clinical practice.

Evidence Acquisition

This review was formulated through electronic literature searches in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The reference lists of the included studies were hand searched to identify other relevant articles to capture all available literature in this narrative review.

Results

Following screening for eligibility based on relevance to the topic under consideration, 28 studies were identified. This included 5 original articles, 1 case series, and 22 review articles, including 4 systematic reviews. Included studies were critically appraised in formulating this review.

Conclusions

Port-site hernia is an underrecognized yet preventable complication with careful consideration of predisposing technical and host factors, thorough attention to surgical technique, or use of a fascial closure device.

Relevance

With the widespread and increasing use of laparoscopic methods to treat surgical pathologies, knowledge of this complication is imperative to encourage prevention strategies and facilitate early recognition and management should it occur.

Target Audience

Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives

After participating in this activity, physicians should be better able to define and differentiate the types of port-site hernia; describe technical and host factors that predispose to the development of port-site hernia; identify potential complications of port-site hernia; and apply technical and prosthetic strategies to prevent port-site hernia in the future.
Fractionated Carbon Dioxide Laser for the Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mitchell Leia , Goldstein Andrew T. , Heller Debra , Mautz Theodora , Thorne Chelsea , Kong So Yeon Joyce , Sophocles Maria E. , Tolson Hillary , Krapf Jill M.
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2021;137:979–987)

Approximately 1 in 70 women experience vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS), a chronic skin disorder characterized by white lesions and the destruction of the vulvar architecture. Women with VLS present with intense itching, pain, burning, and painful intercourse.
Cumulative Live Birth Rates Following Insemination With Donor Spermatozoa in Single Women, Same-Sex Couples and Heterosexual Patients
Authors: Linara-Demakakou Elena , Bodri Daniel , Wang Jinjun , Arian-Schad Mimi , Macklon Nick , Ahuja Kamal
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Reprod Biomed Online 2020;41:1007–1014)

Changes in social attitudes and increasing accessibility of fertility treatment have contributed to an increase in single women and same-sex couples using these services. The majority of the time, these patients are not infertile and favor donor intrauterine insemination (IUI-D), the least invasive and simplest treatment.
Defining and Studying Errors in Surgical Care
Authors: Marsh Katherine M. , Turrentine Florence E. , Knight Karen , Attridge Elaine , Chen Xizhao , Vittitow Stephany , Jones R. Scott
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Our objective was to determine the extent surgical disciplines categorize, define, and study errors, then use this information to provide recommendations for both current practice and future study.

Summary of Background Data:

The report “To Err is Human” brought the ubiquity of medical errors to public attention. Variability in subsequent literature suggests the true prevalence of error remains unknown.

Methods:

In January 2020, PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. Only studies with Oxford Level of Evidence Level 3 or higher were included.

Results:

Of 3064 studies, 92 met inclusion criteria: 6 randomized controlled trials, 4 systematic reviews, 24 cohort, 10 before-after, 35 outcome/audit, 5 cross sectional and 8 case-control studies. Over 15,933,430 patients and 162,113 errors were represented. There were 6 broad error categories, 13 different definitions of error, and 14 study methods.

Conclusions:

Reported prevalence of error varied widely due to a lack of standardized categorization, definitions, and study methods. Future research should focus on immediately recognizing errors to minimize harm.
Paternal stress in rats increased oxytocin, oxytocin receptor, and arginine vasopressin gene expression in the male offspring amygdala with no effect on their social interaction behaviors
Authors: Mardanpour Mahboobeh , Ghavidel Nooshin , Asadi Sareh , Khodagholi Fariba
Published: December 2021

Objective

Environmental and hereditary factors play roles in shaping the personality of offspring which are often associated with gene expression alterations. The long-term effects of the environment that are modulated by the epigenetic mechanisms can be even transmitted to the next generations. This study aimed to investigate the effects of paternal stress, such as paternal aggression and food deprivation, on the social interaction behaviors of offspring in adulthood and the expression of genes that are associated with these behaviors.

Methods

The intruder-resident method, followed by an electric shock, was used to induce aggression in male Wistar rats before mating. To induce food deprivation, father rats were given 10 g pellets every day without restriction on water consumption for 2 weeks before mating. Social interactions of the male offspring were evaluated at the age of 8 weeks using a three-chamber social interaction test. Real-time PCR was applied to quantify the expression levels of oxytocin (OXT), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), and arginine vasopressin (AVP) genes in the amygdala of offspring. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the means of experimental groups.

Results

The results did not show significant changes in the social interaction behaviors for the offspring of aggressive and food-deprived fathers compared to the control group. However, molecular investigations indicated increased levels of OXT, OXTR, and AVP gene expression in the offspring amygdala of aggressive and food-deprived fathers.

Conclusion

The results showed that paternal stress, such as aggression and food deprivation, induced gene expression alterations in the offspring, although they did not affect their social interaction behaviors.
Expression characteristics of long noncoding RNA and messenger RNA in human traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zhang Li , Tian Mi , Wang Handong , Mao Lei
Published: December 2021

Objectives

The role of long noncoding RNAs has attracted significant attention in diseases. However, their expression characteristics in human traumatic brain injury are unclear.

Methods

The brain contusion tissues and tissues adjacent to the brain contusion from 6 server traumatic brain injury patients were used to analyze differential expression signatures of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs via full-length transcriptome sequencing, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and establishment of a long noncoding RNA/mRNA coexpression network.

Results

We identified 1720 long noncoding RNAs and 1632 mRNAs differential expression. Microarray analysis showed that 874 long noncoding RNAs and 1405 mRNAs were upregulated, 846 long noncoding RNAs and 227 mRNAs were downregulated. Subsequently, we used Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses to reveal signaling pathways that were associated with target genes. Then, a long noncoding RNA/mRNA coexpression network was generated, which showed an absolute correlation coefficient value >0.99 for 559 long noncoding RNA-mRNA pairs. Finally, we comprehensive analyzed long noncoding RNA/mRNA coexpression network and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and found the top five pairs of long noncoding RNA/mRNA. Accordingly, we identified that long noncoding RNA tubulin beta 6 class V/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 was most closely related to the pathological process after traumatic brain injury.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that the expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs were different after traumatic brain injury, providing new insight regarding long noncoding RNAs in human traumatic brain injury.
Self-tuition as an essential design feature of the brain
Authors: Leopold David A. , Averbeck Bruno B.
Published: December 2021

We are curious by nature, particularly when young. Evolution has endowed our brain with an inbuilt obligation to educate itself. In this perspectives article, we posit that self-tuition is an evolved principle of vertebrate brain design that is reflected in its basic architecture and critical for its normal development. Self-tuition involves coordination between functionally distinct components of the brain, with one set of areas motivating exploration that leads to the experiences that train another set. We review key hypothalamic and telencephalic structures involved in this interplay, including their anatomical connections and placement within the segmental architecture of conserved forebrain circuits. We discuss the nature of educative behaviours motivated by the hypothalamus, innate stimulus biases, the relationship to survival in early life, and mechanisms by which telencephalic areas gradually accumulate knowledge. We argue that this aspect of brain function is of paramount importance for systems neuroscience, as it confers neural specialization and allows animals to attain far more sophisticated behaviours than would be possible through genetic mechanisms alone. Self-tuition is of particular importance in humans and other primates, whose large brains and complex social cognition rely critically on experience-based learning during a protracted childhood period.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Systems neuroscience through the lens of evolutionary theory’.
midline represses Dpp signaling and target gene expression in Drosophila ventral leg development
Authors: Phillips Lindsay A. , Atienza Markle L. , Ryu Jae-Ryeon , Svendsen Pia C. , Kelemen Lynn K. , Brook William J.
Published: December 2021

Ventral leg patterning in Drosophila is controlled by the expression of the redundant T-box Transcription factors midline (mid) and H15. Here we show that mid represses the Dpp-activated gene Daughters against decapentaplegic (Dad) through a consensus TBE site in the minimal enhancer, Dad13. Mutating the Dad13 DNA sequence results in an increased and broadening of Dad expression. We further demonstrate that the engrailed-homology-1 domain of Mid is critical for regulating the levels of phospho-Mad, a transducer of Dpp-signaling. However, we find that mid does not affect all Dpp-target genes as we demonstrate that brinker (brk) expression is unresponsive to mid. This study further illuminates the interplay between mechanisms involved in determination of cellular fate and the varied roles of mid.

Summary statement

Ventral patterning is controlled in part by the T-box Transcription factor midline blocking Dpp signaling and Dpp-activated genes, though midline does not affect the Dpp-repressed gene brk.
Harnessing the Intrinsic Photochemistry of Isoxazoles for the Development of Chemoproteomic Crosslinking Methods
Authors: Lougee Marshall G. , Pagar Vinayak Vishnu , Kim Hee Jong , Pancoe Samantha X. , Mach Robert H. , Garcia Benjamin A. , Petersson E. James
Published: December 2021

Photo-crosslinking is a powerful technique for identifying both coarse- and fine-grained information on protein binding by small molecules. However, the scope of useful functional groups remains limited, with most studies focusing on diazirine, aryl azide, or benzophenone-containing molecules. Here, we report a unique method for photo-crosslinking, employing the intrinsic photochemistry of the isoxazole, a common heterocycle in medicinal chemistry, to offer an alternative to existing strategies using more perturbing, extrinsic crosslinkers. In this initial report, this technique is applied bothin vitroandex vivo, used in a variety of common chemoproteomic workflows, and validated across multiple proteins, demonstrating the utility of isoxazole photo-crosslinking in a wide range of biologically relevant experiments.
Alveoli form directly by budding led by a single epithelial cell
Authors: Gillich Astrid , St. Julien Krystal R. , Brownfield Douglas G. , Travaglini Kyle J. , Metzger Ross J. , Krasnow Mark A.
Published: December 2021

Oxygen passes along the ramifying branches of the lung’s bronchial tree and enters the blood through millions of tiny, thin-walled gas exchange sacs called alveoli. Classical histological studies have suggested that alveoli arise late in development by a septation process that subdivides large air sacs into smaller compartments. Although a critical role has been proposed for contractile myofibroblasts, the mechanism of alveolar patterning and morphogenesis is not well understood. Here we present the three-dimensional cellular structure of alveoli, and show using single-cell labeling and deep imaging that an alveolus in the mouse lung is composed of just 2 epithelial cells and a total of a dozen cells of 7 different types, each with a remarkable, distinctive structure. By mapping alveolar development at cellular resolution at a specific position in the branch lineage, we find that alveoli form surprisingly early by direct budding of epithelial cells out from the airway stalk between enwrapping smooth muscle cells that rearrange into a ring of 3-5 myofibroblasts at the alveolar base. These alveolar entrance myofibroblasts are anatomically and developmentally distinct from myofibroblasts that form the thin fiber partitions of alveolar complexes (‘partitioning’ myofibroblasts). The nascent alveolar bud is led by a single alveolar type 2 (AT2) cell following selection from epithelial progenitors; a lateral inhibitory signal transduced by Notch ensures selection of only one cell so its trailing neighbor acquires AT1 fate and flattens into the cup-shaped wall of the alveolus. Our analysis suggests an elegant new model of alveolar patterning and formation that provides the foundation for understanding the cellular and molecular basis of alveolar diseases and regeneration.

One Sentence Summary

We report a direct budding mechanism of alveolar development distinct from the classical model of subdivision (‘septation’) of large air sacs.
Calculative practices, social movements and the rise of collective identity: how #istayathome mobilised a nation
Authors: La Torre Matteo , Di Tullio Patrizia , Tamburro Paola , Massaro Maurizio , Rea Michele Antonio
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The Italian government addressed the first wave of its COVID-19 outbreak with a series of social restrictions and calculative practices, all branded with the slogan #istayathome. The hashtag quickly went viral, becoming both a mandate and a mantra and, as the crisis played out, we witnessed the rise of the Italian social movement #istayathome. This study examines how the government's calculative practices led to #istayathome and the constituents that shaped this social movement.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors embrace social movement theory and the collective identity perspective to examine #istayathome as a collective action and social movement. Using passive netnography, text mining and interpretative text analysis enhanced by machine learning, the authors analysed just over 350,000 tweets made during the period March to May 2020, each brandishing the hashtag #istayathome.

Findings

The #istayathome movement gained traction as a response to the Italian government's call for collective action. Thus, people became an active part of mobilising collective responsibility, enhancing the government's plans. A collective identity on the part of the Italian people sustained the mass mobilisation, driven by cohesion, solidarity and a deep cultural trauma from COVID-19's dramatic effects. Popular culture and Italy's long traditions also helped to form the collective identity of #istayathome. This study found that calculative practices acted as a persuasive technology in forming this collective identity and mobilising people's collective action. Numbers stimulated the cognitive, moral and emotional connections of the social ties shaping collective identity and responsibility. Thus, through collective identity, calculative practices indirectly influenced mass social behaviors and the social movement.

Originality/value

This study offers a novel theoretical perspective and empirical knowledge to explain how government power affects people's culture and everyday life. It unveils the sociological drivers that mobilise collective behaviors and enriches the accounting literature on the effects of calculative practices in managing emergencies. The study contributes to theory by providing an understanding of how calculative practices can influence collective behaviors and can be used to construct informal networks that go beyond the government's traditional formalities.
Deterministic and probabilistic buckling response of fiber–metal laminate panels under uniaxial compression
Authors: Kalfountzos Costas D. , Bikakis George S.E. , Theotokoglou Efstathios E.
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the deterministic elastic buckling behavior of cylindrical fiber–metal laminate panels subjected to uniaxial compressive loading and the investigation of GLAss fiber-REinforced aluminum laminate (GLARE) panels using probabilistic finite element method (FEM) analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

The FEM in combination with the eigenvalue buckling analysis is used for the construction of buckling coefficient–curvature parameter diagrams of seven fiber–metal laminate grades, three glass-fiber composites and monolithic 2024-T3 aluminum. The influences of uncertainties concerning material properties and laminate dimensions on the buckling load are studied with sensitivity analyses.

Findings

It is found that aluminum has a stronger impact on the buckling behavior of the fiber–metal laminate panels than their constituent uni-directional or woven composites. For the classical simply supported boundary conditions, it is found that there is an approximately linear relation between the buckling coefficient and the curvature parameter when the diagrams are plotted in double logarithmic scale. The probabilistic calculations demonstrate that there is a considerable probability to overestimate the buckling load of GLARE panels with deterministic calculations.

Originality/value

In this study, the deterministic and probabilistic buckling response of fiber metal laminate panels is investigated. It is shown that realistic structural uncertainties could substantially affect the buckling strength of aerospace components.
Quality 4.0 – a review of and framework for quality management in the digital era
Authors: Ranjith Kumar Rajan , Ganesh L.S. , Rajendran Chandrasekharan
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Industry 4.0 has brought about a paradigm shift in value delivery with the introduction of disruptive technologies. This has resulted in efforts by organizations to re-invent their business processes and reskill their workforce while attempting to realize digital transformation. Quality management in the context of Industry 4.0 is still in its nascent stage with researchers trying to identify key and relevant components of quality management with respect to Industry 4.0. The current study attempts to address the knowledge gap through a literature review and subsequently provide a conceptual framework for quality in the digital transformation context.

Design/methodology/approach

An integrative literature review was conducted to analyze and abstract knowledge from the literature on Quality 4.0 and a conceptual framework was developed based on the review.

Findings

The review revealed the motivators, building blocks and challenges for Quality 4.0. The conceptual framework discusses the salient points relevant to Quality 4.0 with respect to the people, process and technology dimensions and their sub-dimensions that can be used to build 4.0 capabilities. The proposed framework is represented to depict the conceptualization and the relationships among its components.

Originality/value

This study aims to contribute to the model building efforts of researchers towards Quality 4.0. The points discussed here provide an actionable direction to augment the efforts of practitioners and organizations in quality management in the context of Industry 4.0, especially digital transformation.
Multi-objective optimization of split and recombine micromixer using grey relational analysis method
Authors: Shinde Anil B. , Patil Rajkumar Bhimgonda
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The effective, efficient and optimal design of micromixer is the need in the field of biochemical and biomedical diagnostic systems.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, multi-objective optimization of split and recombine micromixer (SRM) with different geometrical configurations is carried out. The finite element method-based three-dimensional models are prepared and analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0 Software. Taguchi’s design of experiment (DoE), main effect plot analysis, ANOVA and grey relational analysis (GRA) method are used to find out optimum condition. The five geometrical parameters with three levels, namely, angle between inlets, pillar size, pillar shape, aspect ratio and constriction height of SRM are considered as design variables. The mixing index (MXI) and pressure drop (∆P) are considered objective functions.

Findings

The MXI is significantly influenced by pillar shape and aspect ratio, whereas the pressure drop (∆P) by constriction height. Maximum MXI (0.97) with minimum pressure drop (64,587 Pa) is the optimal conditions and obtained at 180 deg angle between inlets, 50 µm of pillar size, 1.5 of aspect ratio, 100 µm of constriction height and ellipse shape pillar cross-section, respectively.

Research limitations/implications

This optimized SRM can be combined with lab-on-a-chip for biochemical and biomedical analysis.

Originality/value

This work is useful to obtain optimal geometry of SRM for getting efficient performance of micromixer.
Overcoming the liability of distance? An exploratory study of the associations between social networks, sense of community and spatial colocation
Authors: Kabo Felichism
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine the associations of social networks with the sense of community (SOC) construct and spatial colocation or having an office. The study site was an institute for health-care policy research formed in 2011 by bringing together scientists from more than 20 different university units. Only 30% of the scientists were had an office or physical presence at the institute. Therefore, the institute was an ideal site to examine whether SOC was correlated with different dimensions of network position – connectedness, reachability and brokerage – even when the authors account for the lack of spatial colocation for the off-site scientists.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-part (sociometric and workplace) internet survey instrument was administered in 2014 to the institute’s population of 411 individuals. The sociometric data were used to create an undirected interaction network and the following dependent variables (DVs) or network centralities: normalized degree to measure connectedness; average reciprocal distance to capture reachability; and normalized betweenness to proxy brokerage. Separate node-level network regressions were then run with random permutations (N = 10,000) and listwise deletion for each of the DVs with SOC and spatial colocation as the independent variables, and variables that controlled for gender, organizational affiliation and job category.

Findings

SOC and spatial colocation are both positively and significantly correlated with network connectedness and reachability. The results suggest that both SOC and spatial colocation have a larger impact on reachability than connectedness. However, neither SOC nor spatial colocation are significantly associated with network brokerage. Finally, the findings show that SOC and spatial colocation are more reliable predictors of network connectedness and reachability than are key individual- and unit-level control variables, specifically the individual’s sex, job category and organizational affiliation. The controls were not significantly associated with any of the three network centralities, namely, connectedness, reachability and brokerage.

Originality/value

This exploratory study used social network analysis and node-level network regressions to examine the associations from SOC and spatial colocation to dimensions of network position. SOC is positively and significantly associated with network connectedness and reachability, suggesting that SOC is an important consideration when individuals are disadvantaged from the absence of spatial colocation. The findings have implications for work in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic as they imply that interventions based on the SOC construct could potentially lessen the negative effects of remote work on workplace social networks due to factors such as the reduction of social contacts.