bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impaired Function of Endothelial Pressure-Activated Cation Channel in Salt-Sensitive Genetic Hypertension
Authors: KO[Combining Diaeresis]HLER RALF , KREUTZ REINHOLD , GRUNDIG ALEXANDER , ROTHERMUND LARS , YAGIL CHANA , YAGIL YORAM , PRIES AXEL R. , HOYER JOACHIM
Published: April 2021

Mechanosensitive ion channels have been suggested to act as endothelial mechanosensors for hemodynamic forces. The present study tested the hypothesis that the pressure-activated cation channel (PAC), a novel type of endothelial mechanosensitive ion channel, is involved in salt sensitivity in the Sabra rat model of hypertension. Groups of Sabra salt-sensitive (SBH/y) and salt-resistant (SBN/y) rats were loaded with deoxycorticosterone-acetate (DOCA)-salt for 8 wk or were fed a regular diet. Single channel function of PAC in SBH/y and SBN/y rats was investigated in intact endothelium of mesenteric artery using the patch-clamp technique. After DOCA-salt treatment, the SBH/y rats showed a full hypertensive response, whereas SBN/y rats were normotensive. Rats of both strains that received a regular diet were normotensive. In endothelium of both Sabra rats, Ca2+ permeable PAC that was activated by positive pipette pressures was identified. Apparent PAC density (percentage of patches with PAC activity) was reduced in hypertensive SBH/y rats that were loaded with DOCA-salt compared with salt-loaded normotensive SBN/y rats (6 ± 2% versus 24 ± 8%, respectively; P < 0.05). In normotensive SBH/y and SBN/y rats that received a regular diet, PAC density was not altered. Mechanosensitivity and unitary conductance of endothelial PAC were similar in both strains under a regular diet as well as salt loading with DOCA-salt. In conclusion, the decreased density of PAC in mesenteric endothelium from hypertensive SBH/y rats indicates an impaired ion channel regulation. The defective PAC function presumably leads to an impaired mechanosensitive Ca2+ entry and might contribute to endothelial dysfunction and high BP in this type of salt-sensitive genetic hypertension.
Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Alterations of I κBα in Active Minimal-Change Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: SAHALI DJILLALI , PAWLAK ANDRÉ , GOUVELLO SABINE LE , LANG PHILIPPE , VALANCIUTÉ ASTA , REMY PHILIPPE , LOIRAT CHANTAL , NIAUDET PATRICK , BENSMAN ALBERT , GUELLAEN GEORGES
Published: April 2021

Minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is a renal disease characterized by heavy glomerular proteinuria and increased production of cytokines by immune cells. Because of the central role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the regulation of cytokine expression, its activity during the relapse and remission phases of steroid-sensitive MCNS was analyzed. During relapse, nuclear extracts from peripheral blood mononuclear cells displayed high levels of NF-κB DNA-binding activity, consisting primarily of p50/RelA (p65) complexes. NF-κB p65 and IκBα proteins were barely detected or not detected in cytosolic fractions during relapse, in contrast to remission. The lack of expression of IκBα protein was associated with downregulation of IκBα mRNA and increases in the levels of the mRNA encoding the proteasome α2 subunit proteolytic pathway. In addition, inhibition of proteasome activity induced cytosolic accumulation of phosphorylated IκBα and significant reductions in the NF-κB binding activity in nuclear extracts from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients experiencing relapses. These results suggest that alterations in the NF-κB/IκBα regulatory feedback loop may contribute to the immunologic abnormalities that occur in steroidsensitive MCNS.
Pharmacologic Modulators of Nitric Oxide Exacerbate Tubulointerstitial Inflammation in Proteinuric Rats
Authors: RANGAN GOPALA K. , WANG YIPING , HARRIS DAVID C. H.
Published: April 2021

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates inflammatory responses partly by cell-specific inhibition of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). This study investigated the effect of continuous oral administration of an NO donor (molsidomine [Mol]), NO precursor (L-arginine [L-arg]), or selective inhibitors of inducible NO synthase (iNOS; aminoguanidine [AG], L-N
6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine [L-NIL]) on the progression of tubulointerstitial inflammation and NF-κB activation in a non-immune model of chronic glomerular disease (Adriamycin nephropathy [AN]), from day 8 until day 30 after disease induction. On day 30, rats with AN had heavy proteinuria, reduced creatinine clearance, and tubulointerstitial disease. Treatment with both AG and L-NIL exacerbated the progression of AN as evidenced by (1) increased renal cortical malondialdehyde; (2) reduced creatinine clearance; and (3) increased tubular atrophy, interstitial volume, and monocyte infiltration. Unexpectedly, Mol also increased renal malondialdehyde and worsened tubular injury, whereas L-arg had no effect. The increase in renal cortical NF-κB activation in AN was not altered by AG, L-NIL, or Mol, but the mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-10, and osteopontin were elevated in these groups. Nitrite release from kidney slices reduced in AN. Treatment with Mol restored renal nitrite release to normal, whereas neither L-arg nor the NOS inhibitors had an effect. It is concluded that endogenous iNOS-derived NO has a protective role against tubulointerstitial injury and cytokine production in AN. However, the pro-oxidant activity of NO donors may limit their potential benefit in proteinuric renal disease.
Screening for Subclinical Stenosis in Native Vessel Arteriovenous Fistulae
Authors: TONELLI MARCELLO , JINDAL KAILASH , HIRSCH DAVID , TAYLOR SANDRA , KANE CHRISTOPHER , HENBREY SUSAN
Published: April 2021

Guidelines recommend the use of ultrasound dilution techniques (UDT), including measurement of access recirculation (AR) and access blood flow (Qa), to screen for subclinical vascular access dysfunction. Although these techniques are efficacious in polytetrafluoroethylene grafts, data in native vessel arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are lacking. A prospective observational study was conducted to evaluate the utility of UDT screening in AVF. Qa and AR were measured bimonthly. Positive studies required fistulograms and were defined by Qa < 500 ml/min, ΔQa > 20% from baseline or AR > 5%. Accesses with stenosis underwent percutaneous angioplasty. After 1 yr, there were 1355 mo of follow-up in 177 patients. There were 44 positive studies in 40 patients. Qa was <500 ml/min in 36 (82%), ΔQa was >20% in 5 (11%), and AR was >5% in 6 (14%). Of patients with Qa < 500 ml/min, 29 (81%) had stenosis. Only two patients (40%) with ΔQa > 20% but Qa > 500 ml/min had stenosis. No patient with AR > 5% had stenosis unless Qa was also <500 ml/min. Immediate patency rate was 93% post-PTA. Mean Qa increased from 303 ± 154 ml/min to 602 ± 220 ml/min (P < 0.0001), and mean urea reduction ratio increased from 70.4 ± 8.4% to 74.6 ± 6.5% (P = 0.003) post-PTA. The results demonstrate that UDT could detect subclinical stenoses in AVF, and most lesions were amenable to angioplasty. AVF that underwent PTA delivered higher Qa and urea reduction ratio, and immediate patency rates were acceptable. Access failure after negative UDT was unusual. Measuring AR increases the time required to perform UDT but does not improve utility. Serial measurements of Qa alone may be the best strategy for screening AVF.
Recipient Age and Weight Affect Chronic Renal Allograft Rejection in Rats
Authors: LIU SHANYING , LUTZ JENS , ANTUS BALAZS , YAO YOUSHENG , BAIK SOHYUN , ILLIES FRIEDERIKE , HEEMANN UWE
Published: April 2021

Nephron doses and immune responses change with age. Therefore, age is a potential risk factor for graft survival after kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine whether age-related differences are of importance for long-term outcomes after renal transplantation. Kidneys from Fisher 344 rats were orthotopically transplanted into nephrectomized Lewis rats. Kidneys were transplanted using donors and recipients of three age levels, i.e., young (8 wk of age), adult (16 wk of age), and old (40 wk of age). Rats were killed 24 wk after transplantation, and functional, morphologic, and molecular evaluations were performed. Recipient age, rather than donor age, determined graft survival rates. No significant correlation was observed between donor kidney weight on the day of transplantation and morphologic results. Advanced recipient age was associated with reduced creatinine clearance, more severe histologic injuries, including extended glomerular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and vascular lesions, more pronounced cellular infiltration, and greater expression of transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factor A and B chains. Although no significant correlation between donor age or kidney weight on the day of transplantation and morphologic results was observed, there was a significant correlation between recipient body weight on the day of transplantation and allograft injury. It is concluded that recipient age and weight affect chronic renal rejection. Renal allografts may benefit from young recipient age but may deteriorate in old recipients, suggesting effects of recipient functional demand on long-term outcomes.
Rats Injected with Syngenic Rat Apoptotic Neutrophils Develop Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies
Authors: PATRY YAE[Combining Diaeresis]L C. , TREWICK DAVID C. , GREGOIRE MARC , AUDRAIN MARIE A. P. , MOREAU ANNE M. N. , MULLER JEAN-YVES , MEFLAH KHALED , ESNAULT VINCENT L. M.
Published: April 2021

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are present in sera from patients with various forms of vasculitis-associated glomerulonephritis. Because autoantibodies may be directed against antigens presented by apoptotic cells, generation of ANCA using apoptotic neutrophils (PMN) in syngenic Brown Norway (BN) rats was attempted. These rats are T-helper type 2-prone animals, already used successfully in other ANCA-positive animal models. BN rats received repeated injections of buffer or of nonapoptotic or apoptotic PMN aged in cultures, in the footpad and once intravenously. Four of five rats that received injections of PMN aged for 48 h developed ANCA, which cross-reacted with human leukocyte elastase in three cases. None of the rats that received injections of freshly isolated neutrophils developed ANCA. One rat that received buffer injection and that exhibited chronic skin infection developed delayed ANCA. None of the rats showed signs of disease: no weight loss and no proteinuria. Then a subnephritogenic dose of antibody directed against rat glomerular basement membrane was injected. Rats then were killed, and different organs were frozen and studied. No significant lesions were found in kidneys or lungs. It is concluded that injections of apoptotic but not freshly isolated PMN can generate ANCA in BN rats. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the immunization mechanism and the ability of these autoantibodies to initiate vasculitis in these experimental animals.
Mülteci Öğrencilere Türkçe Okuma Yazma Öğretiminde Akran ve Veli Desteği ile İlgili Nitel Bir Çalışma
Authors: ERTAN KANTOS Züleyha
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı araştırmaya katılan mülteci öğrencilere Türkçe okuma yazma öğretiminde akran ve veli desteği ile okuma yazma öğretimini sağlamak, mülteci öğrencilerin ve velilerin bu süreç ile ilgili düşüncelerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden eylem araştırma desenine göre tasarlanmıştır. Bu amaçla araştırmada, mülteci öğrencilerin yoğun olarak eğitim aldığı araştırmacının çalıştığı ilkokul seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında Ankara’da bir ilkokulda bulunan on bir Türkmen mülteci öğrenci ve beş Türk veli oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada verilerin toplanması üç aşamada gerçekleşmiştir. Bu aşamalar hazırlık, uygulama ve görüşme formu uygulamadır. Görüşme formları ile elde edilen verilerin analizinde içerik analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre araştırmaya katılan mülteci öğrenciler, akran ve veli desteği ile Türkçe okuma yazma öğrenmişlerdir. Türk akranlarının okuma yazma öğretiminde; mülteci öğrencilere yardımcı oldukları, savaş bitince mülteci öğrencilerin kendi ülkelerine dönmek istedikleri sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca veliler, mülteci öğrencilere karşı önceden önyargılı olduklarını fakat araştırma sırasında mülteci öğrencilere karşı oluşan bu önyargılarının kalmadığını belirtmişlerdir.
The Negotiation of Space and Rights: Suburban Planning with Diversity
Authors: Zhuang Zhixi Cecilia
Published: April 2021

The increasing suburbanization of immigrant settlement in Canada’s major receiving cities has created unprecedented challenges for municipalities. Despite emerging research about the rise of ethnic suburbs in Canada and abroad, the role of suburban municipalities in facilitating immigrant integration and planning with diversity remains unclear. Based on mixed-method ethnographic research, this article investigates how immigrant and racialized communities in the Greater Toronto Area have significantly transformed suburban places and built institutionally complete communities. However, the rapid development of these spaces has not been fully recognized or supported by municipal planning authorities. Conflicts related to land use, public engagement, and public realm development expose planning’s failure to keep pace with the diverse needs of immigrant communities, who must continually negotiate and fight for their use of space. Furthermore, the lack of effective civic engagement not only ignores immigrant and racialized communities as important stakeholders in suburban redevelopment, but also threatens to destroy the social infrastructure built by these communities and their ‘informal’ practices that are often not recognized by the planning ‘norm.’ Without appropriate community consultation, planning processes can further sideline marginalized groups. Lack of consultation also tends to prevent cooperation between groups, impeding the building of inclusive communities. It is imperative for municipalities to better understand and encourage community engagement and placemaking in ethnic suburbs. This study offers several recommendations for suburban planning with diversity.
Migration-Related Conflicts as Drivers of Institutional Change?
Authors: Budnik Maria , Grossmann Katrin , Hedtke Christoph
Published: April 2021

This article examines the role of social conflicts in the context of migration and discusses the relation between such conflicts and institutional change. We understand conflicts as tensions that evoke contradiction between different social groups or institutional actors. Varied urban contexts together with dynamic immigration of heterogeneous population groups can induce negotiation processes that affect institutional settings and actors. Conflicts have therefore been an integral part of urban coexistence, and cities have always been places where these conflicts play out. We assume that conflicts are social phenomena, which have multiple causes and effects. Public assumptions about conflicts in connection with migration often have a negative or destructive impetus, while conflict theory ascribes to conflicts potential positive effects on societal change. Conflicts can represent forms of socialization and the possibility of adapting or changing social conditions. This article discusses the extent to which migration-related conflicts induce institutional change. Using qualitative empirical results from the BMBF-funded research project MigraChance, we present a case study that reconstructs the emergence and course of a conflict surrounding the construction of a Syriac-Orthodox church in Bebra (Hesse) in the 1990s. Analyzing this conflict both in depth and in relation to its local context, we show that migration is only one part of what we refer to as migration-related conflicts, and we shed light on the complexity of factors that can result in institutional change. Change can also occur indirectly, in small steps, and with ambivalent normative implications.
La organización defensiva del Pirineo: una visión en conjunto / The defensive organization of the Pyrenees: an overview
Authors: González Palomares David
Published: April 2021

La Organización Defensiva del Pirineo fue una línea de fortificación diseñada por el Estado Mayor franquista contra una posible invasión Aliada o incluso del Eje. El proyecto surge durante la Guerra Civil, inspirándose en las grandes líneas de fortificación europeas. Las obras comienzan en 1939 y con el curso de la Guerra Mundial se ven más necesarias. En 1943 se realiza un estudio y clasificación geoestratégica del territorio y en 1944 comienza la construcción de numerosos núcleos de resistencia, el sistema defensivo elegido. El trabajo fue llevado a cabo por prisioneros de guerra, soldados trabajadores y por último ingenieros y zapadores. En la actualidad, la mayoría de los bunkers se encuentran abandonados, aunque se comienzan a recuperar para rutas turísticas.
Los mapas del Cuerpo de Estado Mayor (1864-1867) referidos a los escenarios de las batallas de Julio César en Hispania. Un singular encargo de Napoleón III a Isabel II / The maps of the Cuerpo de Estado Mayor (1864-1867) referring to the scenes of the battles of Julius Caesar in Hispania. A peculiar request from Napoleon III to the Queen of Spain Isabel II
Authors: Burgueño Rivero Jesús , Guerrero Lladós Montserrat
Published: April 2021

Uno de los importantes trabajos topográficos del Cuerpo de Estado Mayor español llevados a cabo en la década de 1860 fue la cartografía de los escenarios de las batallas de Julio César en Hispania. Se hicieron a petición de Napoleón III, para ilustrar la Histoire de Jules César que dirigía el emperador francés. Fue una obra ambiciosa y compleja, por la escala empleada (1:20.000) y por la extensión comprendida (4.637 km2). Los trabajos se realizaron en las comarcas del sur de las provincias de Córdoba , en 1864 y principios de 1865, y el resultado se presentó en París en junio de 1865. Un ejemplar de los mapas finales, junto con 12 acuarelas de paisajes, se conserva en la Biblioteca del Palacio Real. Este trabajo reforzó el prestigio del Cuerpo de Estado Mayor. El éxito de la empresa avalaba la opción del general y primer ministro Narváez de confiar al Ejército los trabajos del mapa nacional, en 1866. En 1867 el Estado Mayor llevó a cabo una segunda fase del trabajo, con objeto de completar la zona cartografiada hasta el margen de las láminas previstas. Pero, por diversas razones, hasta 1887 no se publicó el atlas que incluía 4 láminas fruto de los trabajos topográficos efectuados por los oficiales del Estado Mayor, aunque sin indicar en modo alguno la procedencia de los mapas. Un final más bien mezquino para el ingente, rápido y eficaz trabajo realizado por los militares españoles entre 1864 y 1867.
Un sujeto poético «dafechamente femenín»: cuerpo y naturaleza en Como aquella que yeres, de Lourdes Álvarez
Authors: Alfonso García María del Carmen
Published: April 2021

Esti artículu estudia Como aquella que yeres, el poemariu col que Lourdes Álvarez ganó’l Premiu «Teodoro Cuesta» en 1994 pero que nun s’asoleyaría hasta 2005, dende la perspeutiva de la que da anuncia’l títulu. Acordies con ello, pescuda nel perfil del suxetu poéticu, que l’autora define como «dafechamente femenín», naguando por comprender qué carauterístiques –temátiques, téuniques y d’estilu– atopamos dientro’l testu que concreten esti calter. Con esti envís, esplórase en primer llugar el marcu de receición de la obra y les sos posibles tensiones col discursu d’identidá de xéneru que dominaba naquel entós pa, dende ehí, col encontu de dellos conceutos claves na teoría ecofeminista, proponer una llectura alternativa que proyeute un nuevu sentíu sobro dos de los elementos que, dende esta perspeutiva, vuélvense testualmente sustanciales: el cuerpu y la naturaleza.
De «Amigos del Bable» a «Conceyu Bable»: reivindicación llingüística nel tardofranquismu
Authors: Galán y González Inaciu
Published: April 2021

Nesti trabayu facemos repás al llabor de l’asociación «Amigos del Bable», que nos años caberos del Franquismu desendolca un trabayu clave que pon delles de les blimes que van ser dempués precises pal revolucionariu proyectu que va proponer «Conceyu Bable» de magar la segunda metá de los años setenta. L’artículu recueye la formación de la entidá, los sos ámbitos d’acción ya iniciatives más destacaes, asina como la so influencia nel movimientu cultural y políticu del Surdimientu ya igualmente los primeros pasos de «Conceyu Bable» y la rellación ente les dos entidaes nel periodu ente 1974 y 1977, faciendo por dar una visión lo más amplia posible d’un momentu de cambeos que fueron dende una dictadura a un réxime democrácticu, lo que tuvo una importante influyencia na visión social del idioma propiu na sociedá asturiana. L’artículu trata d’apurrir más información sobre una cuestión que nun tuvo nel focu de los investigadores, centraos xeneralmente nel procesu qu’asocede de magar l’añu 1974.
Intervención de conservación y restauración de un arca de novia catalana del siglo XVI
Authors: Paret Pey Josep , Zornoza Esteban Jesús
Published: April 2021

El Centre de Restauració de Béns Mobles de Catalunya (CRBMC) ha realizado la conservación y restauración de un cofre de novia catalán de madera policromada. Antes de la intervención se realizó un completo estudio preliminar. Este estudio comienza con un análisis fotográfico con diferentes tipos de iluminación: luz visible (luz difusa aplicada de diferentes formas, con más o menos detalle y luz rasante) y radiación invisible (luz ultravioleta e infrarroja), para finalizar con la radiografía. Estas técnicas de examen se complementan con análisis fisicoquímicos, que permiten obtener información específica sobre sus materiales constituyentes.

Finalmente, se trata de poner estos análisis a disposición de los conservadores para profundizar en el conocimiento de la obra y poder hacer una mejor propuesta de conservación y restauración. De la misma forma, puede ser útil para los historiadores del arte para determinar atribuciones, fechas o identificar la veracidad o falsedad de las mismas.
Dinamización del patrimonio literario: usos culturales de la leyenda = Dynamization of the Literary Heritage: Cultural Uses of the Legend
Authors: Vega Rodríguez Pilar
Published: April 2021

A partir de la investigación del proyecto DLLHO_19, este trabajo reflexiona sobre el valor patrimonial de la leyenda (oral o literaria) y sobre los usos culturales que pueden colaborar a la conservación y dinamización de este activo, junto con la trascendencia del legendario en las investigaciones sobre geografía literaria.Based on the research project DLLHO_19, in this paper we reflect on the heritage value of the legend (oral or literary) and on the cultural uses that can contribute to the conservation and dynamization of this asset, together with the transcendence of the legendary in the investigations on literary geography.
MARÍA CEGARRA SALCEDO y CARMEN CONDE, Epistolario 1924-1988, edición, introducción y notas de Fran Garcerá, Madrid, Ediciones Torremozas, 2018, 697 pp.
Authors: Balcells José María
Published: April 2021

Reseña deMARÍA CEGARRA SALCEDO y CARMEN CONDE, Epistolario 1924-1988,edición, introducción y notas de Fran Garcerá, Madrid, Ediciones Torremozas,2018, 697 pp.
JAVIER RODRÍGUEZ MARCOS, Vida secreta, Barcelona, Tusquets (Col. Nuevos Textos Sagrados), 2015, 75 pp.
Authors: Abril Juan Carlos
Published: April 2021

Reseña de JAVIER RODRÍGUEZ MARCOS, Vida secreta, Barcelona, Tusquets (Col. NuevosTextos Sagrados), 2015, 75 pp.
Features and problems in the construction of the postunitary Italian banking system
Authors: Palermo Stefano
Published: April 2021

The study of the evolution of Italian economy experienced, in recent years, new interpretive hypotheses, themselves based on the use of more updated series of historical data, The latter have brought scholars to reconsider, especially taking long-term viewpoints into account, the path Italy followed in joining the global economic system. Therefore, both Italian and international historiography have striven to highlight the most favorable elements, as well as the limits and the contradictions accompanying the nevertheless robust growth Italy experienced during the last 150 years. All this began for Italy as it joined, during the later 1800s, the productive mechanisms of the Second Industrial Revolution, fully maturing during the Golden Age. To fully understand such a path it is necessary to integrate, following a comparative, systemic and interdisciplinary approach, the behavioral analysis of some specific industrial sectors with the so-called system prerequisites to development including, and in an important position at that, the construction of the financial market and the shaping of the banking system. Within such a context, studying the period between the Unification of Italy and the “end of the century crisis” appears particularly important, as it is during this phase that some of the lines through which the model Italy used to join the process of the Second Industrial Revolution were shaped. Such a situation will challenge the future reforms, themselves a prelude to the takeoff Italy experienced during the Giolitti era.This contribution intends to highlight some features of the buildup of the Italian banking system within the framework of Italian nation building, between 1861 and 1893. In order to do that, besides offering an analysis of the political, economic and financial situation of the time, it examines the path, the uses and the crossings of capital which, starting with the financial movements recorded between the end of the 1860s and the beginning of the 1870s between the Centre-North of Italy, Germany and Austria and then pouring into the activities of the Banca Tiberina, based in Rome and one of the main protagonists of the growing phenomenon joining banks and companies during that time. Therefore, this work of mine does not only focus on the descending parable the Banca Tiberina experienced (something well known in economic historiography, especially when examining the end of the century crisis) but rather more on the whole three previous decades, from the beginning to the expansion phase.Therefore, a composite framework emerges, striving to keep the features of the political, social and economic features of Italy with those events being only apparently local and between these and the evolution of the banking system after the Italian Unification.
VINASSE FROM THE BRAZILIAN LIGNOCELLULOSIC ETHANOL PROCESS: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND POTENTIAL FOR BIOPROCESSES
Authors: Souza Silverio Manuella , Perez Calegari Rubens , Ferreira Lima Leite Gabriela Maria , Maciel Lewandowski Meira Prado Laysa , Chaves Martins Bianca , Alberto da Silva Eric , Piotrovski Neto José , Gomig André , Sampaio Baptista Antonio
Published: April 2021

Brazil is the second-largest producer of ethanol and the alcoholic fermentation wastes have become a concern for both environmental and economic reasons. Recently, the Brazilian industry has implemented the second generation (2G) process to attend the growing for biofuel. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the 2G vinasse faces the same environmental challenges that first generation (1G) vinasses do, meaning vinasses from ethanol processes using sugarcane juice and/or molasses. Thus, vinasse was obtained from one of the recently-started 2G ethanol facilities in São Paulo State and then chemically characterized. Considering glycerol, mannitol, residual sugars, and organic acids concentrations altogether, it was determined that 2G vinasse had a total carbon source of 23,050 mg L-1 (compared to 4,800 mg L-1 in 1G vinasse). Magnesium, calcium, potassium, and others salts were determined as well. Based on its chemical composition, vinasses could be considered as nutrient sources for other bioprocesses. Finally, we brought some perspectives into bioprocesses with nutritional requirements that might be fully or partially provided by vinasses, leading to the production of bioenergy or bioproducts.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of bepotastine besilate 1.5% ophthalmic solution versus olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Gupta Priya , Baishnab Seema , Rewri Parveen
Published: April 2021

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, seasonally exacerbated, allergic ocular inflammation. It affect children and young adults and has male predominance. The first line of treatment often used is dual acting drugs like olopatadine and bepotastine. It combine the immediate histamine receptor antagonism, coupled with mast cell stabilization with other anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of olopatadine 0.1% and bepotastine 1.5% eye drops in VKC patients.Methods: This was a prospective, open label, randomized and comparative clinical study conducted for 21 days. 65 patients of VKC of 5-15 years of either sex were randomized in two study arm. Arm A, given bepotastine 1.5% and arm B, given olopatadine 0.1% twice daily for 21 days. Symptoms and signs scoring of VKC along with safety assessment were recorded on baseline and at time of follow up on 7th day and 21st day.Results: After 3 weeks of drug therapy, patients in both arms showed improvement in the symptoms and signs scoring of VKC. There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment arms. However, improvement in clinical parameters particularly ocular itching, which is the main complaint of patients with VKC was more in bepotastine arm as compared to olopatadine treated arm. Both the drugs were well tolerated without any serious adverse effect.Conclusions: Both olopatadine and bepotastine were found to be effective in alleviating the clinical symptoms and signs of VKC. However, bepotastine performed better in reducing ocular itch than olopatadine.
Study of price variation analysis of fluoroquinolones eye drops manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies in India
Authors: Sinha Dinesh Prasad , Sinha Bhuwaneshwari , Kumar Santosh , Chandra Akash
Published: April 2021

Background: Fluoroquinolone eye drops is being prescribed by Opthalmologist in many ocular diseases as conjunctivitis, keratitis, bacterial corneal ulcers etc in more and more amount. There are many brands of fluoroquinolones drugs available in Indian market. Costly drugs can lead to economic burden on patients. Modifications in pharmaceutical policy are required, and prices of the drug should be controlled in effective way for all the drugs. Hence this study was done to assess the cost variation of fluoroquinolones opthalmic solutions available in Indian market.Methods: The maximum and minimum price of each brand of the drug in INR was noted by using CIMS January to April 2020 edition and Drug Today April to June 2020 volume 1. The cost ratio and the percentage cost variation for individual drug brands was calculated. The cost of each eye drop was calculated. At last the cost ratio and percentage cost variation of various brands was compared.Results: Percentage variation in cost for fluoroquinolones eye preparations marketed in India was found to be Eye drop Ciprofloxacin (0.3%) of 5 ml:210.39, Eye drop Ciprofloxacin (0.3%) of 10 ml:162, Eye drop Gatifloxacin (0.3%) of 5 ml:156, Eye drop Moxifloxacin (0.5%) of 5 ml:196.95, Eye drop Ofloxacin (0.3%) of 5 ml:245.16, Eye drop Ofloxacin (0.3%) of 10 ml:62.5, Eye drop Norfloxacin (0.3%) of 5 ml:120.68, Eye drop Sparfloxacin (0.3%):8.31, Eye drop Lomefloxacin (0.3%):16.17.Conclusions: There is a wide difference in the cost of different brands of fluoroquinolones eye preparations available in India. The clinicians prescribing these drugs should be aware of these variations in cost to reduce the cost of drug therapy.
Polymicrobial therapy induced nephrotoxicity: more is not always better
Authors: Mistry Ankit R. , Gupta Sapna D. , Malhotra Supriya D.
Published: April 2021

Polymicrobial induced nephrotoxicity (PIN) occurs more commonly in critically ill patients. Exposure to drugs often results in toxicity in kidney which represents a major control system maintaining homeostasis of body and thus is especially susceptible to xenobiotics. We present here an adverse drug reaction which is additive nephrotoxicity with combined antimicrobial use in critically ill patient. Blood urea and serum creatinine levels were raised much above the baseline after a fortnight of therapy. The suspected drugs were withdrawn leading to a gradual improvement and normalization of blood urea and serum creatinine levels This suggested a causal relationship which was possibly due to the administration of nephrotoxic antimicrobials. The present case highlights that critically ill patients on prolonged Polymicrobial therapy should be closely monitored, and dose increments should be made cautiously.
Intravenous ondansetron induced hypersensitivity reaction: a case report
Authors: Nitya S. , Shanthi M. , Meenakshi R. , Kiruthika S.
Published: April 2021

Ondansetron a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist has been widely used as a prophylactic antiemetic for chemotherapy induced and anaesthesia related nausea and vomiting. Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reaction rarely occur in less than 1% of the patients and may lead to potentially life-threatening events. This study is one such rare case report of hypersensitivity reaction to intravenous ondansetron in a perioperative setting. Familiarity about anaphylactoid reactions to intravenous ondansetron among the health practitioners would help them to bring about a rational approach to decrease its incidence.
Clinical management and outcome of extreme preterm infant with respiratory distress syndrome, early onset sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis stage 1: a case report
Authors: Priya A. , Fardan Mohammed , Shaji Aswathy M. , Kannan R. , Yadav K. Arun Chander
Published: April 2021

Respiratory distress syndrome, although it is common in extreme preterm infants, early and effective management will aid in better outcome. Preterm also comes with multiple co- morbidities which has to be considered and stepwise treatment is utmost important in tackling them. Here, we report a case of an extreme preterm baby who experienced respiratory distress syndrome with early onset sepsis along with necrotizing enterocolitis. Early diagnosis and management helped in the discharge of the infant in stable condition.
Current treatment approaches for breast cancer patients with HER2-positive disease in the adjuvant, and neo-adjuvant setting
Authors: Surti Rashmi Purushottam
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of mortality among women globally. Approximately 20% to 25% of BC patients have amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) genes, a marker of poor prognosis. However, the introduction of anti-HER2- therapies (trastuzumab, followed closely by lapatinib, pertuzumab, and T-DM 1) has changed the natural history of HER2-positive BC and improved the prognosis and survival in HER2-positive BC patients. The approval of trastuzumab and pertuzumab linked with a taxane as a first-line treatment and follow-up treatment with the antibody-drug conjugate T-DM1 has undeniably contributed to attaining these outcomes. The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor lapatinib is another commonly used treatment in combination with capecitabine, approved on the basis of an improvement in progression-free survival. The superiority of combination anti-HER2 therapy to achieve more complete inhibition of the various HER receptor dimers has been demonstrated in clinical studies. Nonetheless, studies have also suggested that some HER2-amplified tumors may benefit from anti-HER2 therapy combined with only a single chemotherapy agent or in the absence of any chemotherapy. However, despite therapeutic advances, tumors expressing estrogen receptor (ER) have poorer responses to targeted therapy and are more likely to relapse. A better understanding of resistance to existing anti-HER2 agents, along with the role played by the microenvironment and of interconnected signaling pathways, can permit tailor-made therapeutic options for each patient. The aim of this review is to evaluate treatment approaches for BC patients with HER2-positive disease in the adjuvant, and neoadjuvant setting.
Comparison of short-term outcomes between minimal invasive superpath approach and conventional posterior approach in total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Branco Carlos B. , Sousa Rita M. , Sousa Diogo , Reis Joao , Guimaraes Andre , Pinto Vanda , Pintado Carlos
Published: April 2021

Background: The objective of current study was to compare the short-term outcomes between a cohort of patients that undergone total hip replacement by a superpath technique at the beginning of the surgeon's learning curve, and a cohort of patients that undergone a total hip replacement by a conventional posterior approach.

Methods: A cohort of 22 patients was prospectively and randomly selected for being part of a superpath approach group or a conventional posterior approach group. Clinical evaluation was performed in two primary end-points - the third post-operative day and the first month after surgery - using physical exams as the “20 meter walking test” and the “30 seconds sit to stand test”, the Harris hip score, the visual analogue scale for pain. Radiological evaluation was also performed.

Results: 11 patients underwent the superpath approach and 11 patients underwent the conventional posterior approach. The surgery time was 78.2 min in the superpath group and 59.4 min in the posterior group. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days in the superpath group and 5.3 days in the posterior group. When assessing pain improvement through VAS, it was found that both on the third postoperative day and on the first postoperative month, patients in the superpath group showed greater improvement. There were no differences in functional results with statistical significance. No complications were seen in both groups.

Conclusions: Despite the longer surgical time seen with the superpath approach, it managed to significantly decrease the length of hospital stay and obtained better results in improving pain in the short term.
The influence of joint line position on functional outcome in primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Gupta Nikhil , Singh Rajesh , Saxena Akash
Published: April 2021

Background: To find out the cut off for position of joint line which will provide a good functional outcome.

Methods: 58 patients underwent total knee arthroplasty using standard medial parapatellar approach were included in this study. Pre-operative and post-operative radiological joint line were assessed. Pre-operative and post-operative functional assessment were done using oxford knee score and International knee society score. functional outcome was assessed at 1, 3 and 6 months. Influence of post-operative joint line change on functional outcome was assessed on follow up visit in 6th month.

Results: Of 58 patients studied, mean age ± SD was 69.0±7.5 years. Joint line elevation of 36, 16, 8 and 2 patients were between 0-2, 2-4 4-8 and>8 mm respectively with mean ± SD of joint line elevation of 2.24±2.07 mm in the group. Mean OKS-knee score at 6 months follow-up of study group was 36.60 with mean IKSS-knee score of 38.17 at 6 months follow up of group<4 mm which was significant (p<0.05) when compared to mean IKSS-knee score at 6 months follow up of group>4 mm (28.40).

Conclusions: It was concluded that joint line restoration is necessary for getting a good functional outcome after primary total knee arthroplasty. The functional outcome of patients with joint line elevation between 4-8mm showed inferior outcomes in comparison to the patients with joint line elevation within 4 mm.
Outcome of locking compression plate fixation in the management of distal end femur fractures: one year hospital based study
Authors: Singh Vishal , Gundavarapu Avinash , Patel Tejas , Sharma Alokeshwar
Published: April 2021

Background: Distal femur fractures make up 6 to 7% of all femur fractures. Various plating options for distal femur fracture are conventional buttress plates, fixed-angle devices, and locking plates. This study was planned to evaluate and explore locking compression plate fixation in distal end femur fractures which is expected to provide a stable fixation with minimum exposure, early mobilization, less complications and a better quality of life.

Methods: The study was conducted as prospective clinical study in 20 skeletally mature patients with x-ray evidence of distal femur fracture fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria, operated with distal femur LCP plating. Patients were assessed radiologically and classified according to distal femur fracture classification and outcome graded as excellent, good, fair and poor based on Lysholm Knee Score.

Results: Out of 15 excellent outcome cases, 3 cases were type A1 fracture, 1 case had type A3, 2 cases had type B1 and B2 each, 5 cases had type C2 and 2 cases had type C3 fracture. 1 case with good outcome was type C3. 1 case with fair outcome was type B2. While 3 cases with poor outcome were type A1, A2 and C3.

Conclusions: The DF-LCP is an ideal implant to use for fractures of the distal femur. However, accurate positioning and fixation are required to produce satisfactory results. We recommend use of this implant in Type A and C, osteoporotic and periprosthetic fractures.
Results of minimally invasive quick definitive fixation of unstable bony pelvic disruption by combined retrosacral transiliac rods and anterior external fixator during a critical national period
Authors: Khamis Ahmed Refaat , Shoulah Saad Abdelreheem
Published: April 2021

Unstable pelvic ring fractures are challenging injuries regarding their reduction and stabilization. The presented study evaluates the results of a minimally invasive and quick one-stage stabilization of sacral fractures combined with bilateral pubic rami fractures during a period of national limited resources and decreased general security aiming at reduction of the duration of hospital stay and overall costs. Sixteen patients with unilateral sacral fractures and bilateral pubic rami fractures without lumbosacral dissociation were fixed by two retrosacral threaded transiliac rods and an anterior external fixator. Results were assessed with Majeed score and Matta-Tornetta radiologic criteria for post-operative reduction. The follow up period averaged 23 months. There were 9 cases excellent, 4 cases good and 3 cases fair. The duration of surgery and the number of intra-operative X-ray images were recorded. The presented technique is simple, reproducible and quick for one-stage fixation of the unstable pelvic bony disruption. It reduces the operative time, radiation exposure, duration of hospital stays and cost of care during a critical national period with limited resources.  
Lung metastasis induced chronic compartment syndrome of the lower leg
Authors: Vranjes Miodrag , Lakić Tanja
Published: April 2021

Compartment syndrome occurs when the pressure within a defined compartmental space increases above a critical pressure threshold. Lung cancer is one of the world's most frequently diagnosed cancer whose metastases are rare cause of compartment syndrome. We present a 50 year old male patient who was admitted to our emergency department due to painful left lower leg, swelling and paresthesia of the medial side of the foot that lasted about 2 months back. The diagnosis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma was set 9 months earlier. Physical examination revealed an ill-defined, tense, and tender swelling left calf and X-ray images confirmed periosteal reaction on all four cortices of both bones without osteolytic lesions. After an adequate laboratory analyses and preoperative preparation, debridement with biopsy and fasciotomy was performed. Histopathological evaluation showed necrotic tumor tissue that morphologically and immunohistochemically corresponds to lung cancer. We performed an above knee amputation and the next day, the patient was discharged home, due to his personal request.
Can an open displaced tibial fracture be treated without surgery? a treatment discussion: a case report
Authors: Diniz Sara Elisa , Vale João , Neves Pedro
Published: April 2021

The authors present a case of a 70-year-old female with left tibial open fracture (Gustillo-Anderson type II) with previous history of trauma of the same limb, from which resulted a Morel-Lavallée injury complicated with extensive tissue necrosis. Considering the sequel condition of soft tissues (scarring and extensive fibrosis), conservative treatment was taken and successful result was achieved. In this case the biggest concern was not the traumatic tissue damage caused by the fall, but the poor quality of tissues already existent before this event. Although surgical treatment is the gold standard in these cases, we must analyze case by case the risk benefit of each procedure and choose the one we believe is the best for the patient.
Terrible triad elbow with tricep avulsion: diagnostic challenge and treatment dilemma: case report
Authors: Katariya Jeetendra Prakash , Khatri Anup Milind , Kumar Ashish
Published: April 2021

Triceps Avulsion with terrible triad of elbow is a rare presentation and often missed at the time of presentation. The aim of this case report is to identify triceps avulsion in patients with terrible triad elbow and help in its management and post-operative mobilization protocol. We report a case of 40-year male, a case of road traffic accident with right elbow terrible triad injury with triceps avulsion. The radial head was fixed with 2.5 mm locking plate and screws and suture anchor was used for triceps avulsion. Elbow mobilization was started at 2 weeks post-operatively. In patients with terrible triad injuries, diagnosis of triceps avulsion is very challenging because of swelling, pain and difficult to examine triceps for extension power. It is important to know this type of presentation of triceps avulsion with terrible triad to address the diagnostic pathway in the right direction and to treat them promptly. Missing triceps avulsion in complex injuries may hamper post-operative elbow range of movements in form of extension lag or triceps weakness.
Osteonecrosis of bilateral femoral head in a post COVID-19 patient: case report
Authors: Chacko Ankith , Babu Murukan , Thomas Dibin K.
Published: April 2021

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head, can be secondary to various causes, which can be traumatic or atraumatic. The corticosteroid used is a common cause of non-traumatic osteonecrosis. Various viral infections have been documented to cause osteonecrosis, none of the studies report COVID-19. 23-year-old gentleman diagnosed with COVID-19. He received steroid injections as a part of treatment. Nearly after two months, he was diagnosed to have stage II osteonecrosis of both femoral heads. The cumulative dose of steroid given to the patient was not enough to consider diagnosis of steroid associated osteonecrosis of femoral heads. The combination hypercoagulability, inflammation of blood vessels, and leukocyte/platelet aggregation associated with COVID-19 might have contributed to the development of osteonecrosis in this case. So, it is also important to consider osteonecrosis as an important differential if a patient with past history of COVID-19 come with hip pain.