bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enzyme‐Activatable Near‐Infrared Hemicyanines as Modular Scaffolds for in vivo Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Cheng Zhiming , Benson Sam , Mendive‐Tapia Lorena , Nestoros Eleni , Lochenie Charles , Seah Deborah , Chang Kai Yee , Feng Yi , Vendrell Marc
Published: May 2024

Photodynamic therapy is an anti‐cancer treatment that requires illumination of photosensitizers to induce local cell death. Current near‐infrared organic photosensitizers are built from large and non‐modular structures that cannot be tuned to improve safety and minimize off‐target toxicity. This work describes a novel chemical platform to generate enzyme‐activatable near‐infrared photosensitizers. We optimized the Se‐bridged hemicyanine scaffold to include caging groups and biocompatible moieties, and generated cathepsin‐triggered photosensitizers for effective ablation of human glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that enzyme‐activatable Se‐bridged hemicyanines are effective photosensitizers for the safe ablation of microtumors in vivo, creating new avenues in the chemical design of targeted anti‐cancer photodynamic therapy agents.
Bis‐Ortho‐Donor‐Modification of Boracyclic π‐Electron Systems beyond Steric Protection to Produce Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials
Authors: Narita Hiroki , Min Hyukgi , Kubo Nanami , Hattori Izumi , Yasuda Takuma , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: May 2024

Polycyclic π‐conjugated compounds that contain tricoordinate boron atoms at their periphery represent an attractive class of materials with electron‐accepting character. Their molecular design generally requires the introduction of a bulky aryl group onto the boron atom, where it provides predominantly kinetic stabilization. The addition of extra functionality to the aryl group on the boron atom can be expected to further expand the potential utility of this class of materials. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of boracyclic π‐conjugated molecules with firm ortho B⋅⋅⋅N nonbonding interactions by introducing N‐containing electron‐donors at the ortho‐positions of the aryl group on the boron atom. X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the combination of a planar boracyclic π‐skeleton with only sp2 carbons and a strong electron‐donating phenothiazine moiety results in a particularly short B⋅⋅⋅N distance. Theoretical study provided insights into the inherent nature of the B⋅⋅⋅N interaction. Owing to their donor–acceptor (D−A) structures, these molecules exhibit substantially red‐shifted fluorescence in solution, albeit that the fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) are low. In contrast, when incorporated into films, these compounds exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with improved ΦF values. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated using the ortho‐donor‐substituted derivatives exhibit orange‐red electroluminescence.
Impact of marine debris on coral reef ecosystem of Palk Bay, Indian Ocean
Authors: Pillai Ranith Rajamohanan , Lakshmanan Senthilnathan , Mayakrishnan Machendiranathan , George Grinson , Menon Nandini
Published: May 2024

Coral reef ecosystems are highly sensitive to pollution from marine debris, especially if the regions are noted for tourism and fishing. Palk Bay on the south east coast of India is a famous tourist and fishing region, where the marine debris accumulation poses a great threat to the coastal ecosystem.

In this study during 2018–2020, the marine debris distribution and their interactions with coral reefs of Palk Bay were monitored from five stations. Derelict fishing gears (DFGs), including ropes (51 ± 2%) and fishing lines (43 ± 2.5%), were the dominant debris forms recorded.

Among the reef‐forming corals, Acropora sp. colonies experienced maximum physical injury and mortality from DFG entanglement. Plastic materials and anchors caused considerable physical damage and tissue loss in Porites sp, without any mortality.

Manual debris removal as a potential debris management method was assessed by regularly removing the accumulated debris from the test reef locations of all five stations, whereas the control reef locations were left undisturbed. Test reef locations showed a significant increase in live coral cover and coral recruit density in 2020, against that in 2018, compared with the control locations. Continuous accumulation and interaction of marine debris with the coral colonies of control reef locations resulted in significant reduction of live coral cover and coral recruit density at the control reef locations.

This study illustrates the impact of unsustainable fishing and other anthropogenic activities such as tourism and waste disposal on coral reef ecosystems like Palk Bay. The findings of this study demonstrates that manual removal of debris is an important strategy for marine debris management in coral reef ecosystem. Considering the importance of coral reefs in the livelihood of the coastal communities, it is important to tackle the marine debris issue through regular debris removal with stakeholder participation, awareness campaigns and strict legal and management measures.
Trajectory tracking of a wheeled mobile robot based on the predefined‐time sliding mode control scheme
Authors: Cong Shaoheng , Wang Zhonghua , Li Meng , Jiang Yutian , Zhang Ruwei
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a double‐loop control method is proposed to improve the trajectory tracking performance of a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) with slippage properties and external disturbances. Considering the strong robustness and the ability to enable the system to converge in a short time, the predefined‐time sliding mode control (PTSMC) strategy is applied to the design of a double‐loop controller. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is adopted to comply with the feedforward compensation of the external disturbances. In turn, the controller only needs to deal with the internal disturbance of the system under the premise of using the NDO, thereby reducing the burden of the sliding mode controller. Based on Lyapunov methods, the stability of the double‐loop controller and the NDO is analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of the double‐loop control strategy is proven by simulations of the WMR operating along circular, sin‐shaped, and eight‐shaped roads.
Integrating eco‐labeling and green advertising in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 12
Authors: Abbas Shahbaz , Munir Hania , Ahmad Yasir
Published: May 2024

Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG‐12), that is the responsible consumption and production, is aimed to encourage producers and consumers to consider sustainable development while producing and consuming products. However, it is imperative to estimate the social achievement of SDG‐12 objective at the consumption end. Eco‐labeling and green advertising are the common business marketing strategies employed to inform and influence consumers to make environmentally conscious choices. This study explores the integrated factors of these strategies to influence consumer perceptions, attitudes, and purchase intentions toward environmentally friendly products in a developing country. The data from 327 respondents using a survey questionnaire are analyzed using structural model equation to measure the hypothetical relationship of eco‐labeling and green advertising in achieving SDG‐12. The results indicate that perceived effectiveness, environmental awareness, green trust, and perceived information quality as instrumental factors directly contributing to consumers' intentions to engage in green purchases eventually ensuring SDG‐12 targets, while price sensitivity is the major challenge that is required to be addressed.
Dual‐functional and polydopamine‐coated vanadium disulfide for “fast‐charging” lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Wang Lu , Dang Hao , He Tianqi , Liu Rui , Wang Rui , Ran Fen
Published: May 2024

As a typical representative of vanadium‐based sulfides, vanadium disulfide has attracted the attention of researchers ascribed to its high theoretical capacity and unique crystal structure. However, overcoming its structural collapse while achieving dual functionalization that serves as both active material and binder remains challenging. This study designs a dopamine‐coating vanadium disulfide core‐shell structure through the synergistic effect of V‐O bonds and hydrogen bonds between vanadium disulfide and dopamine, which is further employed as a dual‐function electrode material. The polydopamine‐coated vanadium disulfide without binder exhibits specific capacity of 682.03 mAh g−1, and the Coulombic efficiency of 99.78% at a current density of 200 mA g−1 after 400 cycles. More importantly, at a larger current density of 1000 mA g−1, the specific capacity is 385.44 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles. After 3150 cycles, the specific capacity is 200.32 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1. Electrochemical kinetics analysis displays that the polydopamine‐coated vanadium disulfide without binder exhibits fast ion‐diffusion kinetics, with the order of magnitude of ion‐diffusion coefficients ranging from 10−11 to 10−12. This kind of material has the potential to be a significantly promising electrode material for “fast‐charging” lithium‐ion batteries.
Therapeutic potential and impact of nanoengineered patient‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in a murine resection and recurrence model of human glioblastoma
Authors: Al‐Kharboosh Rawan , Bechtle Alex , Tzeng Stephany Y. , Zheng Jiaying , Mondal Sujan Kumar , Wilson David R. , Perez‐Vega Carlos , Green Jordan J. , Quiñones‐Hinojosa Alfredo
Published: May 2024

Confounding results of engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) used as cellular vehicles has plagued technologies whereby success or failure of novel approaches may be dismissed or inaccurately ascribed solely to the biotechnology platform rather than suitability of the human donor. Polymeric materials were screened for non‐viral engineering of MSCs from multiple human donors to deliver bone morphogenic protein‐4 (BMP4), a protein previously investigated in clinical trials for glioblastoma (GBM) to combat a subpopulation of highly invasive and tumorigenic clones. A “smart technology” that target the migratory and stem‐like nature of GBM will require: (1) a cellular vehicle (MSC) which can scavenge and target residual cells left behind after surgical debulking and deliver; (2) anti‐glioma cargo (BMP4). Multiple MSC donors are safely engineered, though varied in susceptibility to accept BMP4 due to intrinsic characteristics revealed by their molecular signatures. Efficiency is compared via secretion, downstream signaling, differentiation, and anti‐proliferative properties across all donors. In a clinically relevant resection and recurrence model of patient‐derived human GBM, we demonstrate that nanoengineered MSCs are not “donor agnostic” and efficacy is influenced by the inherent suitability of the MSC to the cargo. Therefore, donor profiles hold greater influence in determining downstream outcomes than the technical capabilities of the engineering technology.
Histone deacetylase 6 as a novel promising target to treat cardiovascular disease
Authors: Wu Ya‐Xi , Li Bing‐Qian , Yu Xiao‐Qian , Liu Yu‐Lin , Chui Rui‐Hao , Sun Kai , Geng Dian‐Guang , Ma Li‐Ying
Published: May 2024

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) belongs to a class of epigenetic targets that have been found to be a key protein in the association between tumors and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have focused on the crucial role of HDAC6 in regulating cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and arrhythmia. Here, we review the association between HDAC6 and cardiovascular disease, the research progress of HDAC6 inhibitors in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, and discuss the feasibility of combining HDAC6 inhibitors with other therapeutic agents to treat cardiovascular disease.
The effect of self‐designed metabolic equivalent exercises on cancer‐related fatigue in patients with gastric cancer: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xin Xiao , Huang Lei , Pan Qi , Zhang Jun , Hu Weiguo
Published: May 2024

Aims

To investigate the effect of Self‐designed Metabolic Equivalent Exercises (SMEE) on cancer‐related fatigue in patients with gastric cancer.

Methods

130 patients with gastric cancer admitted to Department of Oncology of a tertiary hospital in Shanghai were enrolled and assessed for eligibility. After excluding 1 patient who declined to participate, 129 eligible patients were randomly assigned into SMEE (n = 65) and control (n = 64) groups. The Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (RPFS) and EORTC QLQ‐C30 Quality of Life Scale were used to measure cancer‐caused fatigue and quality of life, respectively, in both groups at the first admission and after 3 months.

Results

After excluding patients who did not receive allocated intervention due to medical (n = 3) and personal (n = 2) reasons, those who were lost to follow‐up (n = 3), and those who had discontinued intervention (n = 2), 119 patients (64 in the SMEE group and 55 in the control group) were included for analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in the RPFS or QLQ‐C30 score between the two groups at baseline. After 3 months, the total RPFS score of the SMEE group was significantly lower than that of the control group (2.86 ± 1.75 vs. 4.65 ± 1.29, p = 0.009), with significant improvements in affective meaning (0.83 ± 0.92 vs. 1.13 ± 0.77, p = 0.044) and sensory (0.70 ± 0.71 vs. 1.00 ± 0.54, p < 0.001) subscales; in the SMEE group, QLQ‐C30 scores in somatic (2.00 ± 0.27 vs. 1.31 ± 0.26, p < 0.001), emotional (2.67 ± 0.58 vs. 2.07 ± 0.48, p < 0.001), and social (3.23 ± 0.58 vs. 1.64 ± 0.51, p < 0.001) functioning were significantly higher than those in the control group, with significant improvements in fatigue (p < 0.001), nausea/vomiting (p = 0.014), shortness of breath (p < 0.001), constipation (p < 0.001), and diarrhea (p = 0.001) dimensions.

Conclusion

The self‐programmed metabolic equivalent manipulation as an exercise intervention could effectively reduce the degree of cancer‐caused fatigue and improve quality of life in patients with gastric cancer.
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy improves outcomes for resectable gastroesophageal junction cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Danzhu , Yang Liyuan , Yan Yu , Jiang Zhengchen , Liu Yinglong , Dong Peng , Lv Yajuan , Zhou Siqin , Qiu Yiyang , Yu Xinshuang
Published: May 2024

Background

In recent years, neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NAIT) has developed rapidly in patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC). The suggested neoadjuvant treatment regimens for patients with GEJC may vary in light of the efficacy and safety results.

Methods

A search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was completed to locate studies examining the safety and effectiveness of NAIT for resectable GEJC. We analyzed the effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in addition to subgroups and heterogeneity. Meta‐analyses were performed using Stata BE17 software.

Results

For these meta‐analyses, 753 patients were chosen from 21 studies. The effectiveness of NAIT was assessed using the pathological complete response (pCR), major pathological response (MPR), and nodal downstage to ypN0 rate. The MPR, pCR, and nodal downstage to ypN0 rate values in NAIT were noticeably higher (MPR: ES = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.36–0.54; pCR: ES = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.21–0.32; nodal downstage to ypN0 rate: ES = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.48–0.72) than those of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) (MPR < 30%; pCR: ES = 3%–17%; nodal downstage to ypN0 rate: ES = 21%–29%). Safety was assessed using the treatment‐related adverse events (trAEs) incidence rate, surgical delay rate, surgical complications incidence rate, and surgical resection rate. In conclusion, the incidence of trAEs, incidence of surgical complications, and surgical delay rate had ES values of 0.66, 0.48, and 0.09, respectively. These rates were comparable to those from nCT or nCRT (95% CI: 0.60–0.70; 0.15–0.51; and 0, respectively). The reported resection rates of 85%–95% with nCT or nCRT were comparable to the mean surgical resection rate of 90%.

Conclusion

NAIT is an effective treatment for resectable GEJC; additionally, the level of NAIT toxicity is acceptable. The long‐term effects of NAIT require further study.
It provides families with other avenues for treatment when there are no other options Surgeons' perspectives of being part of a precision medicine trial for poor prognosis paediatric cancer patients: A short report
Authors: Daly Rebecca , Hetherington Kate , Wadling Bethany R. , Jacobs Chris , Karpelowsky Jonathan , Wakefield Claire E.
Published: May 2024

Objective

Precision medicine is transforming cancer treatment, yet the perspectives of surgeons who often play a critical role in the delivery of precision medicine remain understudied.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 13 surgeons involved in a precision medicine trial for children with poor prognosis cancer. We explored knowledge of genetics, confidence with somatic and germline results, ratings of benefit to stakeholders and willingness to undertake surgical procedures.

Results

Surgeons generally had positive attitudes towards precision medicine but expressed concerns about families' unrealistic expectations, mixed opinions on the benefits and the use of research‐only biopsies. Most surgeons rated their genetics knowledge as ‘good’ (69%) and felt ‘very confident’ in identifying genetic specialists (66%), but ‘not confident’ (66.6%) in making treatment recommendations. Surgeons' willingness to undertake a procedure was influenced by potential patient benefit.

Conclusions

Our findings support the need for more workforce and training support for surgeons to fully engage with precision medicine.
Diacylglycerol kinase alpha is a proliferation marker of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with the prognosis
Authors: Shichi Shunsuke , Sugiyama Ko , Asahi Yoh , Shirakawa Chisato , Nakamoto Hiroki , Kimura Saori , Wakizaka Kazuki , Aiyama Takeshi , Nagatsu Akihisa , Orimo Tatsuya , Kakisaka Tatsuhiko , Taketomi Akinobu
Published: May 2024

Background

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has a high recurrence rate and a poor prognosis. Thus, the development of effective treatment and prognostic biomarkers is required. High expression of diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKα) is a prognostic factor for the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the relationship between DGKα expression and prognosis in ICC has not been reported.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with anti‐DGKα antibody was performed on surgical specimens of ICC (n = 69). First, DGKα expression in cancer cells was qualitatively classified into four groups (−, 1+, 2+, 3+) and divided into two groups (DGKα− and DGKα+1 + to 3+). The relationship between clinical features and DGKα expression was analyzed. Second, Ki‐67 expression was evaluated as a cell proliferation marker. The number of Ki‐67‐positive cells was counted, and the relationship with DGKα expression was examined.

Results

DGKα IHC divided the patients into a DGKα+ group (1+: n = 15; 2+: n = 5; 3+: n = 5) and a DGKα− group (−: n = 44). In the DGKα+ group, patients were older and had advanced disease. Both overall survival and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were significantly worse in the DGKα+ patients. DGKα+ was identified as an independent prognostic factor for RFS by multivariate analysis. Furthermore, the number of Ki‐67‐positive cells increased in association with the staining levels of DGKα.

Conclusion

Pathological DGKα expression in ICC was a cancer proliferation marker associated with recurrence. This suggests that DGKα may be a potential therapeutic target for ICC.
Reclaiming space and memory: Black cowboys and the right to the city
Authors: Babers Myeshia
Published: May 2024

This article draws on ethnographic observations from a Black trail ride event in Houston to examine how African Americans negotiate identities and spaces through embodied memories and mobility. Movement and mobility have always influenced racialised belonging through the geopolitics of borders and boundaries, which are inextricably tied to collective meanings of “blackness.” Everyday negotiations of blackness require Black Americans to reckon with the historical and contemporary implications of limited mobility and their place in U.S. society. Engaging with Lefebvre's notion of “the right to the city,” this article reflects on how Black trail riders challenge dominant constructions of space and belonging through collective movement and memory. By analysing a specific ethnographic moment during the trail ride, when Black participants moved from a place bounded by property lines to the space of city streets, the article explores the intersections of race, geography, and mobility. It considers how embodied memories and public reclamations of the past by Black communities pose a threat to established spatial and racial hierarchies. The article contributes to theoretical discourses on geopolitics, borders, and boundaries by centering the experiences and agency of Black trail riders in reimagining and navigating racialised landscapes.
Bilateral phrenic nerve block to reduce hazardous respiratory drive in a mechanically ventilated patient with COVID‐19—A case report
Authors: Levis Anja , Gardill Michael , Bachmann Kaspar F. , Berger David , Schandl Christian , Piquilloud Lise , Haenggi Matthias
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Forced inspiration during mechanical ventilation risks self‐inflicted lung injury. However, controlling it with sedation or paralysis may cause polyneuropathy and myopathy. We tested bilateral phrenic nerve paralysis with local anesthetic in a patient, showing reduced inspiratory force. This offers an alternative to drug‐induced muscle paralysis.

Mechanical ventilation, although a life‐saving measure, can also pose a risk of causing lung injury known as “ventilator‐induced lung injury” or VILI. Patients undergoing mechanical ventilation sometimes exhibit heightened inspiratory efforts, wherein the negative pressure generated by the respiratory muscles adds to the positive pressure generated by the ventilator. This combination of high pressures can lead to a syndrome similar to VILI, referred to as “patient self‐inflicted lung injury” or P‐SILI. Prevention of P‐SILI requires the administration of deep sedation and muscle paralysis to the patients, but both these measures can have undesired effects on their health. In this case report, we demonstrate the effect of a bilateral phrenic nerve block aiming to reduce excessive inspiratory respiratory efforts in a patient suffering from COVID‐19 pneumonitis.
Mycoplasma myocarditis presenting with sustained SVT and acute heart failure without signs of myocardiocytolysis and extra‐cardiac disease
Authors: Radaelli Marco , Keller C. P. T. Leah , Franca Hudson , Mehrotra Kshitij
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Mycoplasma myocarditis is a rare but potentially serious condition that can cause inflammation of the heart muscle, leading to arrhythmia and heart failure. It is important to consider this condition in the differential diagnosis of young patients presenting with unexplained signs of heart failure and SVT, even in the absence of signs of myocardiocytolysis and extra‐cardiac disease.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections are often underdiagnosed as a great proportion of patients remain asymptomatic, pauci‐symptomatic, or exhibit varying presentations. M. Pneumoniae manifestations can affect different systems, including the heart, with the potential to lead to high degree of morbidity and debilitating sequelae. Here we present an atypical case of M. Pneumoniae associated myocarditis which presented with sustained refractory SVT, symptoms of heart failure, and with no signs of myocardiocytolysis, pulmonary involvement, or systemic infection. Given the lack of signs of myocardial inflammation, the patient was initially misdiagnosed with tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy (TIC), but later correctly diagnosed after showing signs of pneumonia during the hospitalization. The patient received the appropriate antibiotic treatment in addition to corticosteroids, was discharged on the 15th day of hospitalization, and completely recovered after 1 month with no arrhythmia recurrence and normalization of ventricular function.
Spontaneous passage of ingested sewing needle: A case report
Authors: Molla Yohannis Derbew , Gelaw Tewodros Baye , Alemu Hirut Tesfahun , Kassie Melaku Tessema , Sisay Menarguachew Atanaw
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Sewing needle ingestion is a rare but potentially dangerous event that can affect people of all ages and backgrounds like this patient.

Conservative management with serial abdominal examination and x‐rays can be a reasonable option for patients who do not show signs of perforation or sepsis, as most foreign bodies will pass spontaneously without complications such as this case.

Though rare, swallowing a sewing needle is a peculiar and potentially dangerous health risk. People of all ages and backgrounds can accidentally ingest sewing needles, with cases documented in both children and adults. Our case focuses on a 17‐year‐old Ethiopian girl who accidentally gulped down a needle while stitching her clothing. Subsequently, she had an episode of vomiting that was tinged with blood along with ingested matter. Remarkably, the patient underwent conservative management using repeated abdominal checkups and x‐rays, successfully passing the broken needle without any surgical intervention. It is important to remember that while uncommon, ingesting sewing needles might lead to significant complications, necessitating immediate and appropriate care.
Arterial stroke in a child with Seckel syndrome with a pattern of non‐moyamoya vasculopathy
Authors: Alavi Samin , Khalili Mitra , Mirmoghaddam Paniz , Kamfar Sharareh , Shams Negar
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Seckel syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by growth retardation and multiple anomalies associated with CNS vasculopathy. We describe a child with Seckel syndrome who developed a stroke due to non‐moyamoya vasculopathy.
Conservative management of placenta previa‐percreta with bladder invasion: A case report
Authors: Kashanian Maryam , Eshraghi Nooshin , Babaei Mohammad Reza , Mohammadian‐amiri Mahdis , Ghaemi Marjan , Aklamli Majid , Eshraghi Nasim
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Placenta previa, accompanied by placenta percreta, which involves invasion of the bladder, presents a significant risk of excessive bleeding during and after delivery. This case highlights that prophylactic embolization, conservative surgery, and careful monitoring offer an effective approach to avoid hysterectomy in cases of placenta percreta with adjacent organ involvement.

Placenta previa complicated by placenta percreta is associated with a high risk of massive intra and post‐partum hemorrhage. We present a case of a 35‐year‐old woman (G2 P1) who was referred to the Akbar‐Abadi hospital at 13 weeks of gestation. Color Doppler ultrasound indicated complete placenta previa‐percreta with bladder invasion. After induction of fetal demise, bilateral uterine and bladder artery endovascular embolization was conducted for the patient. After 48 h, under ultrasound guidance, surgical resection of residual percreta tissue was conducted as much as possible. Eight weeks later, a follow‐up sonography showed the minimum residual placenta tissue and she regained menstrual cycles after 2 months. This case indicated that the combination of prophylactic embolization, conservative surgical management with placenta left in situ, and follow‐up with serial color Doppler monitoring, is an optimum method to avoid hysterectomy in placenta percreta patient with adjacent organ invasion.
Generalized cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita or neonatal lupus? A case report and literature review
Authors: Ghotbabadi Shabnam Hajiani , Barzegar Hamide , Abdolvand Mitra
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) presents as marbled erythema and may exhibit diverse associated anomalies. Thorough multidisciplinary evaluation is crucial. Treatment varies with inconclusive evidence, necessitating further research. Our case underscores CMTC's rarity and heterogeneous nature, advocating for comprehensive management approaches and ongoing research.
Cobalt‐Driven Cross‐Dehydrocoupling of Silanes and Amines for Silylamine Synthesis
Authors: Szafoni Ewelina , Kuciński Krzysztof , Hreczycho Grzegorz
Published: May 2024

Cobalt complexes featuring triazine‐based PNP ligands have proven to be exceptionally active and chemoselective pre‐catalysts in facilitating the dehydrogenative coupling between silanes and amines, leading to the synthesis of diverse aminosilanes. Notably, even challenging substrates exhibited high reactivity. The catalyst‘s unique feature of avoiding coupling with tertiary silanes enhances process chemoselectivity. It facilitates a more precise synthesis of silylamines possessing of SiH2−N and SiH−N motifs, overcoming challenges associated with broader reactivity seen in previous systems. In terms of its remarkable chemoselectivity, it is also noteworthy that the catalytic system exhibits both versatility and efficacy in converting substrates with untouched double and triple carbon‐carbon bonds. This accomplishment is particularly significant, given previous challenges brought about by the activity of commonly employed catalysts in the competitive hydrosilylation process.
Advances in the Synthesis of Poly(Phenolic Ester)s via Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Lin Jie , Lu Li , Liu Shixun , Jia Zhaowei , Wu Jincai
Published: May 2024

The poly(phenolic ester)s are attracting growing attention due to their essential role in the application as biodegradable plastics. Thus, extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of methodology that allows facile preparation of poly(phenolic ester)s with controlled molecular weights for widespread utilities. However, it is highly challenging to introduce phenolic ester bond structure into polyesters from ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) to yield aromatic/semiaromatic poly(phenolic ester)s due to severe transesterification reactions. To synthesize poly(phenolic ester)s with desired structures and properties, scientists have developed various ring‐opening polymerization systems with distinct advantages. Here, we have summarized basic features and recent progresses of these methods, including the cyclic phenolic lactone polymerization system, the salicylic acid O‐carboxyanhydride polymerization system, and the dissymmetric cyclic phenolic lactide polymerization system, as well as other copolymerization routes. Furthermore, the advantages and unsettled problems in various synthetic ways are discussed for readers to choose fast and controllable ROP systems for poly(phenolic ester)s.
Post‐synthetic Metalation on the Ionic TiO2 Surface to Enhance Metal‐CO2 Interaction During Photochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Mallick Laxmikanta , Samanta Krishna , Chakraborty Biswarup
Published: May 2024

During the photochemical CO2 reduction reaction, CO2 adsorption on the catalyst's surface is a crucial step where the binding mode of the [metal‐CO2] adduct directs the product selectivity and efficiency. Herein, an ionic TiO2 nanostructure stabilized by polyoxometalates (POM), ([POM]x@TiO2), is prepared and the sodium counter ions present on the surface to balance the POMs’ charge are replaced with copper(II) ions, (Cux[POM]@TiO2). The microscopic and spectroscopic studies affirm the copper exchange without altering the TiO2 core and weak coordination of copper (II) ions to the POMs’ surface. Band structure analysis suggests the photo‐harvesting efficiency of the TiO2 core with the conduction band edge higher than the reduction potential of CuII/I and multi‐electron CO2 reduction potentials. Photochemical CO2 reduction with Cux[POM]@TiO2 results in 30 μmol gcat.−1 CO (79 %) and 8 μmol gcat−1 of CH4 (21 %). Quasi‐in‐situ Raman study provides evidence in support of CO2 adsorption on the Cux[POM]@TiO2 surface. 13C and D2O labeling studies affirm the {Cu‐[CO2]−} adduct formation. Despite the photo‐harvesting ability of Nax[POM]@TiO2 itself, the poor CO2 adsorption ability of sodium ions highlights the crucial role of copper ion CO2 photo‐reduction. Characterization of the {M‐[η2‐CO2]−} species via surface tuning validates the CO2 activation and photochemical reduction pathway proposed earlier.
Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes with Benzoxazole Derivatives and Non‐Innocent Ligands as Effective Antioxidants in Human Neuroblasts
Authors: Giacomazzo Gina Elena , Conti Luca , Paderni Daniele , Sfragano Patrick Severin , Quadrini Lorenzo , Macedi Eleonora , Andreini Camilla , Donati Chiara , Bernacchioni Caterina , Mulas Gloria , Valtancoli Barbara , Palchetti Ilaria , Giorgi Luca , Fusi Vieri , Cencetti Francesca , Giorgi Claudia
Published: May 2024

Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes continue to raise increasing interest for the encouraging results in several biomedical areas. Considering their vast chemical‐physical repertoire, in particular the possibility to switch from the sensitization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to ROS‐scavenging abilities by tuning the nature of their ligands, it is therefore surprising that their potential as antioxidants has not been largely investigated so far. Herein, we explored the antioxidant behaviour of the novel ruthenium compound [Ru(dbpy)(2,3‐DAN)Cl]PF6 (Ru1), featuring a benzoxazole derivative (dpby=2,6‐bis(4‐methyl‐2‐benzoxazolyl)pyridine) and the non‐innocent 2,3‐diamminonaftalene (2,3‐DAN) ligand, along with the reference tpy‐containing analogue [Ru(tpy)(2,3‐DAN)Cl]PF6 (Ru2) (tpy=2,2’:6’,2’’‐terpyridine). Following the synthesis and the electrochemical characterization, chemical antioxidant assays highlighted the beneficial role of dpby for the ROS‐scavenging properties of Ru1. These data have been corroborated by the highest protective effect of Ru1 against the oxidative stress induced in SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma, which exerts pro‐survival and anti‐inflammatory actions. The results herein reported highlight the potential of Ru1 as pharmacological tool in neurodegenerative diseases and specially prove that the antioxidant properties of such compounds are likely the result of a non‐trivial synergetic action involving the bioactive ligands in their chemical architectures.
Automated Crystallization Monitoring in Material Development using Computer Vision and Neuronal Networks
Authors: Burgdorf Simon‐Johannes , Roddelkopf Thomas , Thurow Kerstin
Published: May 2024

Crystallization is critical in producing various substances in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The process begins with nucleation from a supersaturated solution, followed by the directed movement of solute molecules toward the newly formed nuclei. This movement is influenced by different factors such as molecular attraction and thermodynamic properties, which influence the resulting crystal size and shape. This paper presents an automated monitoring approach for the growth process of crystallization from saturated solutions. To monitor such a process, a combination of artificial intelligence and computer vision is used. The approach was developed for application in material research to automate the processing of numerous samples, which would otherwise require laboratory personnel.
A lattice Boltzmann approach to mathematical modeling of myocardial perfusion
Authors: Fučík Radek , Kovář Jan , Škardová Kateřina , Polívka Ondřej , Chabiniok Radomír
Published: May 2024

A mathematical model of myocardial perfusion based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is proposed and its applicability is investigated in both healthy and diseased cases. The myocardium is conceptualized as a porous material in which the transport and mass transfer of a contrast agent in blood flow is studied. The results of myocardial perfusion obtained using LBM in 1D and 2D are confronted with previously reported results in the literature and the results obtained using the mixed‐hybrid finite element method. Since LBM is not suitable for simulating flow in heterogeneous porous media, a simplified and computationally efficient 1D‐analog approach to 2D diseased case is proposed and its applicability discussed.
Disentangling Acid‐Base Chemistry through Blue Shifting Hydrogen Bond Contributions
Authors: Kelly John T. , McNamara Louis E. , Gilbraith William E. , Goetzman Chelsea M. , Hoover Megan E. , Lascola Robert J.
Published: May 2024

The blue shifting of vibrational frequencies in hydrogen bonded molecules, as observed in aqueous environments, has been attributed to local partial charge transfer from solvation. Here, we extrapolate the blue shift model to the stronger ionic interactions between hydrogen bond acceptors associated with protonation through augmented pH levels and competitive interactions with counter ion pairing. The chemical model we utilize in this work is the aqueous pyridine‐pyridinium equilibrium to characterize the blue shifts observed in the pyridinium chloride ionic system. The observed agreement between observed experimental and calculated spectral shifts shows that the blue shifting model can be extrapolated to stronger interactions and accurately describe the nature of the hydrogen bond.
Mechanical Interatomic Bond Formation in Ethanol and Methanol–Ethanol Mixture by Laser‐Driven Shock Waves
Authors: Ishikawa Wakako , Sato Shunichi
Published: May 2024

Molecules, which were predicted to be produced by C−C or C−O bond formation between ethanol molecules induced by a laser‐driven shock wave, were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Moreover, the laser irradiation of a methanol–ethanol mixture revealed the formation of C−C and C−O bonds between both components. Particularly, four hemiacetals (methoxymethanol, 1‐methoxyethanol, ethoxymethanol, and 1‐ethoxyethanol) were identified in the Ar‐saturated alcohol samples, whereas acetalization dominated sufficiently in the CO2‐saturated samples, significantly reducing the hemiacetals. It was verified that some molecules were produced by the dropout of an ethanol part during the C−C or C−O bond formation, supporting the contribution of laser‐driven shock waves.
Initiation and Carbene Induced Radical Chain Reactions in CH2F2 Pyrolysis
Authors: Shaik Rizwan A , Jasper Ahren W. , Lynch Patrick T. , Sivaramakrishnan Raghu , Tranter Robert S.
Published: May 2024

High temperature dissociations of organic molecules typically involve a competition between radical and molecular processes. In this work, we use a modeling, experiment, theory (MET) framework to characterize the high temperature thermal dissociation of CH2F2, a flammable hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) that finds widespread use as a refrigerant. Initiation in CH2F2 proceeds via a molecular elimination channel; CH2F2→CHF+HF. Here we show that the subsequent self‐reactions of the singlet carbene, CHF, are fast multichannel processes and a facile source of radicals that initiate rapid chain propagation reactions. These have a marked influence on the decomposition kinetics of CH2F2. The inclusion of these reactions brings the simulations into better agreement with the present and literature experiments. Additionally, flame simulations indicate that inclusion of the CHF+CHF multichannel reaction leads to a noticeable enhancement in predictions of laminar flame speeds, a key parameter that is used to determine the flammability of a refrigerant.
DNA Origami Steganography Based on Photocleavable Oligonucleotides
Authors: Liu Minqian , Hou Xiaoling , Sun Yawei , Liu Huajie
Published: May 2024

DNA nanostructures have been regarded as promising platforms for molecular information coding for their high programmability and nanoscale addressability. However, steganography based on DNA nanostructures still needs further investigation. Here, we designed and synthesized a coumarin derivative structure with selective photo responsiveness in the visible light spectrum and developed a DNA origami steganography system that can only be decrypted through specific light exposure conditions. Under right light treatment, the effective cleavage of photoresponsive groups would cause some of the streptavidin binding sites to detach from the origami, thereby allowing the steganographic information to be read correctly.
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Fischer Elizabeth R. , Hansen Bryan T. , Nair Vinod , Hoyt Forrest H. , Schwartz Cindi L. , Dorward David W.
Published: May 2024

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) remains distinct in its ability to allow topographical visualization of structures. Key elements to consider for successful examination of biological specimens include appropriate preparative and imaging techniques. Chemical processing induces structural artifacts during specimen preparation, and several factors need to be considered when selecting fixation protocols to reduce these effects while retaining structures of interest. Particular care for proper dehydration of specimens is essential to minimize shrinkage and is necessary for placement under the high‐vacuum environment required for routine operation of standard SEMs. Choice of substrate for mounting and coating specimens can reduce artifacts known as charging, and a basic understanding of microscope settings can optimize parameters to achieve desired results. This article describes fundamental techniques and tips for routine specimen preparation for a variety of biological specimens, preservation of labile or fragile structures, immune‐labeling strategies, and microscope imaging parameters for optimal examination by SEM. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Chemical preparative techniques for preservation of biological specimens for examination by SEM

Alternate Protocol 1: Practical considerations for the preparation of soft tissues

Alternate Protocol 2: Removal of debris from the exoskeleton of invertebrates

Alternate Protocol 3: Fixation of colonies grown on agar plates

Alternate Protocol 4: Stabilization of polysaccharide structures with alcian blue and lysine

Alternate Protocol 5: Preparation of non‐adherent particulates in solution for SEM

Support Protocol 1: Application of thin layer of adhesive on substrate to improve adherence

Support Protocol 2: Poly‐L‐lysine coating specimen substrates for improved adherence

Support Protocol 3: Microwave processing of biological specimens for examination by SEM

Basic Protocol 2: Critical point drying of specimens

Alternate Protocol 6: Chemical alternative to critical point drying

Basic Protocol 3: Sputter coating

Alternate Protocol 7: Improved bulk conductivity through “OTOTO”

Basic Protocol 4: Immune‐labeling strategies

Alternate Protocol 8: Immune‐labeling internal antigens with small gold probes

Alternate protocol 9: Quantum dot or fluoronanogold preparations for correlative techniques

Basic Protocol 5: Exposure of internal structures by mechanical fracturing

Basic Protocol 6: Exposure of internal structures of tissues by fracturing with liquid nitrogen

Basic Protocol 7: Anaglyph production from stereo pairs to produce 3D images
Confucianism culture and green innovation: Evidence from Chinese industrial firms
Authors: Huang Min , Li Mengyao , Huang Cailing
Published: May 2024

This study contributes to the existing literature on green innovation by examining the impact of Confucianism culture on green innovation. Drawing on a culture perspective, we argue that Confucianism culture is significantly positively associated with green innovation. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms in the industrial sector from 2007 to 2019, we provide strong evidence to show that corporate green innovation projects are significantly more prevalent for firms surrounded by a strong Confucianism atmosphere compared to those in a weak Confucianism atmosphere. Additionally, we investigate the mediating roles of CEO myopia and employee‐related CSR, revealing that Confucianism culture, through both CEO myopia and employee‐related CSR mechanisms, influences green innovation. Our study contributes to the extant literature by shedding light into the black box of the positive role of Confucianism in green behavior.
Fuzzy logic with honey badger algorithm for cluster‐based multi‐hop routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Soundararajan Sankaranarayanan , Kurangi Chinnarao , Basha Anwer , Ahamed Saahira banu
Published: May 2024

In the last decades, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have appeared as an active research area owing to their high applicability in different application areas like healthcare, automation, and the military. Several issues have been encountered in the WSNs, including energy consumption, deployment of sensor nodes, routing algorithms, energy efficiency, cluster head (CH) selection, and robustness. Cluster‐based routing is one of the energy‐efficient solutions in the WSN. At the same time, the hot spot problem remains a challenging problem, which needs to be addressed in the design of energy‐efficient solutions for WSNs. Motivated by the abovementioned discussion, c The comprehensive comparison study pointed out the betterment of the FLHBA‐CMHR technique in terms of different measures. The FLHBA‐CMHR technique obtains a maximum half‐node die (HND) of 1629 nodes, while the LEACH, FUCA, URBD, DEFL, and E‐FUCA techniques attain decreased HND of 793, 1085, 1092, 1139, and 1344 nodes correspondingly.
Association between physical activity and allostatic load among pregnant women
Authors: Bu Sisi , Yuan Dehui , Wang Minghuan , Yu Min , Yu Qiaozhi , Yang Fangfang , Gao Zhuo , Li Yuhong
Published: May 2024

Allostatic load (AL) in pregnant women is associated with maternal and infant health outcomes. Whether physical activity (PA) is a modifiable factor associated with AL during pregnancy is unknown. In this cross‐sectional study, including 725 pregnant women in 3 different trimesters, 8 biomarkers were included, and the high‐risk quartile approach based on sample distribution was used to construct AL index (ALI). ALI <2 was defined as a low level and ≥2 as a high level. Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney U test and chi‐squared test or Fisher exact test were used to compare differences in AL with different demographic characteristics among pregnant women. The relationship between PA and AL in pregnant women was analyzed using a binary logistic regression model. The results show that the detection rate of high‐risk AL during pregnancy was 47.3%. In the adjusted model, sufficient PA was related to a lower AL than insufficient PA (OR = .693, 95%CI:.494,.971; p = .033). Compared with low‐ and high‐intensity PAs, moderate‐intensity PA was associated with lower AL (OR = .645, 95%CI:.447,.930; p = .019). The results suggest that PA is a modifiable factor related to AL, and intervention is recommended to be carried out in the first trimester to prevent the increased likelihood of high AL as pregnancy progresses. In addition, health care personnel should encourage pregnant women to participate in PA, especially moderate‐intensity PA, in order to obtain lower AL and promote maternal and child health.