bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of domestic waste management recycle to finished goods
Authors: Balasundaram N. , Dhivya K. , Divya G. , Joshi Ankita , Hamza Laeth H.J. , Chandra Sekhar Reddy P. , Chabra Rishu , Kapoor Monit
Published: August 2024

Increased industrial hazardous and biomedical waste poses serious dangers to human health and the environment as a result of economic development, raising standards of living, economic diversification, and the expansion of healthcare facilities. Paper, cardboard, plastic bags, and product rejects are among the hazardous and non-hazardous waste items produced by the plastic packaging sector for cosmetics. The main objective of this study is to manage waste effectively it is crucial to separate hazardous and non-hazardous garbage, recycle non-hazardous waste, and allow third parties to turn waste into goods. It is possible to turn hazardous waste into a valuable product that helps to environment and the economy. The study looks at many ways garbage may be used as a raw material and processed into goods as fuel.
Antimicrobials in dairy products: Scopus based bibliometric analysis for the period of 2013-2022
Authors: Abdusalomova Dildora , Azizov Olimjon , Dissanayake Kasun , Rifky Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Antibiotics residue in milk and dairy products has a big influence for food safety and human health all around the world. In this study, we used the keywords “milk”, “dairy product”, and “antibiotic” to search for all English-language Scopus-based publications published over the previous ten years. We analysed the most well-known journals, prominent writers, highly cited works, leading nations, and the most frequent key words in published papers. The quantity of papers written about it and the amount of science being done in this area demonstrate how important it is to guaranteeing consumer food safety.
Influence of Tractor Tires on Soil: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on Scopus
Authors: Akhmetov Adilbek , Akhmedov Sherzodbek
Published: August 2024

The role of agricultural machinery interacting with the main soil is performed by its wheels, which either amplify or mitigate adverse effects. Faced with climate change and population pressure, urgent research is needed in sectors like agriculture to enhance productivity, assess land suitability, optimize crop yields, and support sustainable development. This article presents a bibliometric analysis of tractor wheel impact on agricultural fields. Using the Scopus database, thousands of documents from 1948–2023 were processed. Results show a rising trend in publications. Leading sources include Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Grains Research and Development Corporation, Ministry of Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Influential countries are Great Britain and Poland. Common search terms include "soils," "compression," "tractors (agriculture)," and "tractors (truck)." The study provides detailed information on the soil-tractor relationship for the entire 1948–2023 period."
Investigation of Water Solubility of Soil Minerals in the Navbakhor District of Navoi Region
Authors: Rustamov Umid , Kholmurotov Mansur , Jurayev Javlon , Tagayev Ilhom , Usanbayev Najimuddin , Temirov Uktam
Published: August 2024

The article delves into the application of IR-spectroscopic, chemical, and X-ray diffractometric methods to assess the mineralogical composition and salinity levels of soil samples collected from Navoi city and Navbakhor district, specifically the settlement of Shurkishlak. Through these studies, the researchers were able to discern the salinity characteristics of the region's old-irrigated soils.Findings indicate a predominance of carbonate salinity in Navoi city, while the Navbakhor district exhibits a notable prevalence of sulfate salinity, surpassing carbonate levels. Additionally, a third salinity type, characterized by chloride, is identified. Importantly, all observed soil minerals demonstrate varying degrees of water solubility, presenting in ionic form within aqueous soil extracts.These insights shed light on the soil composition and salinity dynamics of the studied regions, providing valuable information for agricultural planning and soil management strategies. Understanding the mineralogical composition and salinity profiles of soils is crucial for optimizing agricultural practices and ensuring sustainable land use in Navoi city and Navbakhor district.
Handheld Point-of-Care Devices for Snakebite Coagulopathy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Abouyannis Michael , Marriott Amy E. , Stars Emma , Kitchen Dianne P. , Kitchen Steve , Woods Tim A. L. , Kreuels Benno , Amuasi John H. , Monteiro Wuelton M. , Stienstra Ymkje , Senthilkumaran Subramanian , Isbister Geoff K. , Lalloo David G. , Ainsworth Stuart , Casewell Nicholas R.
Published: August 2024

Venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) is a common complication of snakebite that is associated with hypofibrinogenemia, bleeding, disability, and death. In remote tropical settings, where most snakebites occur, the 20-minute whole blood clotting test is used to diagnose VICC. Point-of-care (POC) coagulation devices could provide an accessible means of detecting VICC that is better standardized, quantifiable, and more accurate. In this scoping review, the mechanistic reasons that previously studied POC devices have failed in VICC are considered, and evidence-based recommendations are made to prioritize certain devices for clinical validation studies. Four small studies have evaluated a POC international normalized ratio (INR) device in patients with Australian Elapid, Daboia russelii, and Echis carinatus envenoming. The devices assessed in these studies either relied on a thrombin substrate endpoint, which is known to underestimate INR in patients with hypofibrinogenemia, have been recalled due to poor accuracy, or have since been discontinued. Sixteen commercially available POC devices for measuring INR, activated clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and fibrin(ogen) degradation products have been reviewed. POC INR devices that detect fibrin clot formation, as well as a novel POC device that quantifies fibrinogen were identified, which show promise for use in patients with VICC. These devices could support more accurate allocation of antivenom, reduce the time to antivenom administration, and provide improved clinical trial outcome measurement instruments. There is an urgent need for these promising POC coagulation devices to be validated in prospective clinical snakebite studies.
Utilizing (Al, Ga)2O3/Ga2O3 superlattices to measure cation vacancy diffusion and vacancy-concentration-dependent diffusion of Al, Sn, and Fe in β-Ga2O3
Authors: Rock Nathan D. , Yang Haobo , Eisner Brian , Levin Aviva , Bhattacharyya Arkka , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Ranga Praneeth , Walker Michael A. , Wang Larry , Cheng Ming Kit , Zhao Wei , Scarpulla Michael A.
Published: August 2024

Diffusion of native defects such as vacancies and their interactions with impurities are fundamental to semiconductor crystal growth, device processing, and design. However, the transient equilibration of native defects is difficult to directly measure. We used (AlxGa1−x)2O3/Ga2O3 superlattices (SLs) to detect and analyze transient diffusion of cation vacancies during annealing in O2 at 1000–1100 °C. Using a novel finite difference scheme for diffusion with time- and space-varying diffusion constants, we determined diffusion constants for Al, Fe, and cation vacancies, including the vacancy concentration dependence for Al. In the case of SLs grown on Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 (010) substrates, gradients observed in the extent of Al diffusion indicate a supersaturation of vacancies in the substrates that transiently diffuse through the SLs coupled strongly to Sn and thus slowed compared to undoped cases. In the case of SLs grown on (010) Fe-doped substrates, the Al diffusion is uniform through the SLs, indicating a depth-uniform concentration of vacancies. We find no evidence for the introduction of VGa from the free surface at rates sufficient to affect Al diffusion at at. % concentrations, establishing an upper bound on surface injection. In addition, we show that unintentional impurities in Sn-doped Ga2O3 such as Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Li also diffuse toward the surface and accumulate. Many of these likely have fast interstitial diffusion modes capable of destabilizing devices, thus suggesting that impurities may require further reduction. This work provides a method to measure transients in diffusion-mediating native defects otherwise hidden in common processes such as ion implantation, etching, and film growth.
Synergizing intrinsic symmetry breaking with spin–orbit torques for field-free perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction
Authors: Zhou Jing , Huang Lisen , Yap Sherry Lee Koon , Lin Dennis Jing Xiong , Chen Bingjin , Chen Shaohai , Wong Seng Kai , Qiu Jinjun , Lourembam James , Soumyanarayanan Anjan , Lim Sze Ter
Published: August 2024

Current-induced spin–orbit torque (SOT) facilitates the ultrafast electrical manipulation of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), which is a leading non-volatile technology for the microelectronic industry. The key bottleneck to the commercial application of SOT-MTJ is the absence of a practicable symmetry-breaking scheme to switch perpendicular magnetization without an external magnetic field. Here, we demonstrate the wafer-scale realization of internalized field-free switching in perpendicular SOT-MTJ using conventional materials and device structure. We utilize a dual-function tungsten (W) spacer, which generates sizable SOT while concomitantly breaking symmetry via interlayer exchange coupling (IEC). Tuning the W thickness enables field-free switching with two types of IEC. An optimized combination of SOT and IEC ensures competitive switching performance, with our device exhibiting excellent thermal stability, low switching current density, and fast operating speed. This work builds the long-sought bridge between SOT manipulation of magnetization and wafer-scale field-free perpendicular MTJ. It underscores the urgent need to incorporate perpendicular SOT-MTJ in integrated circuits for applications in logic, memory, and unconventional computing.
Grazing management of Panicum maximum cvv. Mombaça and Tanzania pastures for beef cattle: a meta-analytic study
Authors: Mota Lucas Mateus de Souza , Cezar Bruno Henrique Martines , Teixeira Odilene de Souza , Pazdiora Raul Dirceu , Fernandes Alice Munz , Matos Gleimiria Batista da Costa , Salman Ana Karina Dias , Machado Diego Soares , Pacheco Rangel Fernandes , Angelo Isabelle Damé Veber
Published: August 2024

Context The future of livestock farming is based on grazing management practices that balance using natural resources and forage technical efficiency for cattle. Aims This study aimed to investigate the bromatological characteristics and cattle performance under continuous and intermittent stocking systems in Panicum maximum cvv. Mombaça and Tanzania pastures, as well as identify the appropriate height for managing these forages. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were used from selecting studies available in scientific article format in electronic databases: Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, and PubMed. We identified 4691 documents, of which 13 were submitted to meta-analysis. Key results Tanzania pasture presented 564.25 ± 38.56 g kg−1 of leaf biomass dry matter (DM) and 3.09 ± 0.34 of leaf stem−1 ratio in intermittent stocking system, which was higher than continuous system, with values of 313.10 ± 38.56 g kg−1 DM (P = 0.0380) and 1.04 ± 0.34 (P = 0.0216), respectively. Animals’ average daily gain was greater in continuous stocking system than intermittent system, with values of 0.91 kg day−1 and 0.67 kg day−1, respectively. Additionally, post-grazing height ≥31 cm for Tanzania increased average daily gain by 28.3% (P = 0.0263), and height ≥39 cm for Mombaça increased average daily gain by 38.1% (P = 0.0002). Conclusions Post-grazing residues from the intermittent method or constant pasture height from the continuous method are the main indicators for adapting pasture management. Therefore, grazing management at heights between ≥31 and 39 cm for Tanzania and Mombaça is promising for animal performance. Implications Results provide subsidies for decision making regarding grazing management to maximise animal productivity.
On the role of parameterization in models with a misspecified nuisance component
Authors: Battey Heather S. , Reid Nancy
Published: August 2024

The paper is concerned with inference for a parameter of interest in models that share a common interpretation for that parameter but that may differ appreciably in other respects. We study the general structure of models under which the maximum likelihood estimator of the parameter of interest is consistent under arbitrary misspecification of the nuisance part of the model. A specialization of the general results to matched-comparison and two-groups problems gives a more explicit and easily checkable condition in terms of a notion of symmetric parameterization, leading to a broadening and unification of existing results in those problems. The role of a generalized definition of parameter orthogonality is highlighted, as well as connections to Neyman orthogonality. The issues involved in obtaining inferential guarantees beyond consistency are briefly discussed.
Individual gaze shapes diverging neural representations
Authors: Borovska Petra , de Haas Benjamin
Published: August 2024

Complex visual stimuli evoke diverse patterns of gaze, but previous research suggests that their neural representations are shared across brains. Here, we used hyperalignment to compare visual responses between observers viewing identical stimuli. We find that individual eye movements enhance cortical visual responses but also lead to representational divergence. Pairwise differences in the spatial distribution of gaze and in semantic salience predict pairwise representational divergence in V1 and inferior temporal cortex, respectively. This suggests that individual gaze sculpts individual visual worlds.
Exploring psychotherapy incorporating equine with sexually exploited children
Authors: Hershberger Jenna M. , Berg Erika L. , Tangen Jodi L. , Feldmann Laura , Barnhart Les
Published: August 2024

The International Labor Organization estimates roughly 1.7 million children are trafficked for sex globally at any given time, yet there is a dearth of research on therapeutic interventions. In this qualitative study, we utilized psychotherapy incorporating equine to explore the experiences of commercially sexually exploited youth. We analyzed the participants’ experiences using interpretative phenomenological analysis and identified the following themes: shifting relationships with self and others, equine therapeutic factors, and learning new skills. We provide implications for future research and practice.
Advances in optical recording techniques for non-invasive monitoring of electrophysiological signals
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Ding He , Wang Yongtian , Yang Jian
Published: August 2024

The study of electrophysiological signals is crucial for understanding neural functions and physiological processes. Electrophysiological recordings offer direct insights into electrical activity across cellular membranes, aiding in diagnosing and treating neurological disorders. Different from the conventional recording method based on electrical signals and the genetically encoded with fluorescent proteins methods, this review explores label-free mechanisms for optically recording electrophysiological signals: electrochromic materials, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) responses, quantum dots (QDs), and semiconductor-based optoelectronic sensors. The sophistication and limitations of each technology have been discussed, providing insights into potential future directions in this field. Electrochromic materials change optical properties through redox reactions induced by voltages, offering high signal-to-noise ratios and rapid response capabilities. However, these materials have limited biocompatibility and stability. SPR technology modulates signals in response to local changes in electrical potential, achieving high sensitivity. However, challenges such as scattering noise and electro-optic effects still need to be addressed. QDs utilize their photoluminescent properties for high sensitivity and resolution, but concerns about connection efficiency and biocompatibility remain. Semiconductor optoelectronic technologies offer rapid response times, wireless functionality, and integration potential. However, improvements are needed in terms of toxicity, compatibility with biological tissues, and signal amplification and processing. These methods have advantages in neuroscience, medical diagnostics, and biological research, including rapid response, high sensitivity, and label-free monitoring. By combining different optical recording techniques, the performance of voltage imaging can be optimized. In conclusion, interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation are essential for advancing the optical recording of electrophysiological signals and developing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Quantitative analysis of the effect of the magnetic field generated by a PET/MR scanner on positron range
Authors: Ku-Toval D , Rodríguez-Villafuerte M , Ávila-Rodríguez M A , Martínez-Dávalos A , Schalch J M , Alva-Sánchez H
Published: August 2024

Objective. Image quality (IQ) in positron emission tomography (PET) is influenced by positron range. In this work, the effect of the magnetic field of a PET/MR Siemens Biograph mMR 3 T on the quality of PET images was studied. Approach. Experimental measurements were conducted using 18F and 68Ga-filled phantoms to quantify image uniformity, recovery coefficients (RCs), spill-over ratios and percent contrast for spherical lesions. Tissue-equivalent phantoms (lung inhale and exhale, adipose, water, trabecular and cortical bone) were used together with a line source to quantify the impact of the magnetic field on the reconstructed PET images. A comparative analysis was made with images obtained with a PET/CT (computed tomography) Biograph Vision 600, using the same radionuclides and phantoms. Main results. Higher RCs values were obtained when the IQ phantom was filled with 68Ga and scanned with the PET/MR system compared to those obtained with the PET/CT scanner. Hot spheres in the lesion detectability phantom, appear contracted in the transverse direction in the PET/MR system, an effect more evident for 68Ga compared to 18F, but no elongation in the direction parallel to the magnetic field was observed. In the PET/CT scanner, radial profiles taken from axial slices of line sources, show longer distribution tails extending beyond 20 mm when filled with 68Ga and placed inside lung-inhale tissue. In the PET/MR scanner the radial profiles of all materials collapsed into a single distribution with tails extending no more than 10 mm in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. Significance. Positron range depends on positron energy and material density in which they traverse. The results show an evident improvement in IQ in the transaxial direction only, particularly in phantoms filled with 68Ga when using a PET/MR system as opposed to images acquired in the PET/CT system due to the presence of the magnetic field.
Entanglement enhancement of two giant atoms with multiple connection points in bidirectional-chiral quantum waveguide-QED system
Authors: Liu Jie , Cai Yue , Ma Kang-Jie , Tan Lei , Liu Wu-Ming
Published: August 2024

We study the entanglement generation of two giant atoms within a one-dimensional bidirectional-chiral waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) system, where the initial state of the two giant atoms are ∣e

a
, g

b
〉. Here, each giant atom is coupled to the waveguide through three connection points, with the configurations divided into five types based on the arrangement of coupling points between the giant atoms and the waveguide: separate, fully braided, partially braided, fully nested, and partially nested. We explore the entanglement generation process within each configuration in both nonchiral and chiral coupling cases. It is demonstrated that entanglement can be controlled as needed by either adjusting the phase shift or selecting different configurations. For nonchiral coupling, the entanglement of each configuration exhibits steady state properties attributable to the presence of dark state. In addition, we find that steady-state entanglement can be obtained at more phase shifts in certain configurations by increasing the number of coupling points between the giant atoms and the bidirectional waveguide. In the case of chiral coupling, the entanglement is maximally enhanced compared to the one of nonchiral case. Especially in fully braided configuration, the concurrence reaches its peak value 1, which is robust to chirality. We further show the influence of atomic initial states on the evolution of interatomic entanglement. Our scheme can be used for entanglement generation in chiral quantum networks of giant-atom waveguide-QED systems, with potential applications in quantum networks and quantum communications.
Microstructural, mechanical, and wear properties of Sn-based solder alloy modified with graphite nanoparticles
Authors: Amin M , Soliman H N
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the microstructural, mechanical, and wear properties of the Sn-2.5 wt%Ag-0.4 wt%Cu-1.0 wt%In (SAC-1.0In) solder alloy including nano-graphite (0.6–1.2 wt%). The microstructural characteristics of several samples were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS). The results of this study revealed that the presence of nano-graphite particles stimulated the production of distinct intermetallic compound phases (IMC) identified as Ag3Sn, Cu6Sn5, and γ-InSn4. These IMCs are uniformly dispersed throughout the matrix. The results showed that the addition of nano-graphite particles did not significantly alter the morphology of the microstructure but reduced the particle size of these IMCs. This refining of precipitated IMC particles resulted in considerable improvements in the material’s mechanical properties. The wear properties of both unreinforced matrix and graphite composites were investigated utilizing a pin-on-disc tribometer. The addition of 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 wt% graphite nanoparticles decreased the sliding wear rate. It is worth noting that the current study is deemed unique and novel in terms of total strain percent behavior as graphite content increases.
The localized excitation on the Weierstrass elliptic function periodic background for the (3+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Li Jiabin , Sun Wanyi , Yang Yunqing
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the linear spectral problem associated with the (3+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (gvcKP) equation with the Weierstrass function as the external potential is investigated based on the Lamé function, from which some new localized nonlinear wave solutions on the Weierstrass elliptic ℘-function periodic background are obtained by the Darboux transformation. The degenerate solutions on the ℘-function periodic background for the gvcKP equation can be derived by taking the limits of the half-periods ω
1, ω
2 of ℘(x), whose evolution and corresponding dynamics are also discussed. The findings show that nonlinear waves on the ℘-function periodic background behave as different types of nonlinear waves in different spaces, including periodic waves, vortex solitons and interaction solutions, aiding in elucidating some physical phenomena in the related fields, such as the physical ocean and nonlinear optics.
Exploring Indexing and Slicing in NumPy Arrays
Authors: Li Yangyang , Shao Yue , Fu Chunlong
Published: August 2024

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the application differences between indexing and slicing NumPy arrays to provide a clear guide to scientific computing and data analysis. The article first introduces the basics of NumPy arrays, discusses the deep copy and shallow copy mechanisms, and the role of copies and views in memory management. Then it shows the specific application methods of integer indexing, boolean indexing, fancy indexing, and slicing of one- and two-dimensional arrays through examples. It can be concluded from the experiments that slices are views of the original arrays, and modifications to the views affect the original arrays. While the index returns a copy of the original array, the modification of the copy does not affect the original array. Finally, the syntactic forms, differentiation methods and application scenarios of array indexes and slices are summarized. The research in this paper aims to be able to help researchers and developers better master the indexing and slicing techniques of NumPy arrays, and improve their ability to process and analyze data in practice.
Effect of Larval Feed on the Nutritional Quality of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal as an Alternative Feed for Shrimp
Authors: Muthmainnah M A , Hartulistiyoso E , Supriyanto
Published: August 2024

The demand for annual shrimp feed in Indonesia is projected at 12-13 million tons/year and is driven by government initiatives to boost shrimp exports. Shrimp feed constitutes a substantial portion (60-80%) of total pond operating expenses. To reduce reliance on imported protein ingredients such as fish meal, meat bone meal, soybean meal, and pollard, the potential of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae as a domestic protein source for shrimp feed is being explored. However, limited research has been conducted on maggot-based shrimp feed formulations, and large-scale trials in Indonesia are scarce due to inconsistent quality of BSF larvae products. This study focuses on achieving stable nutritional profiles and consistentphysical and chemical characteristics of BSF larvae, aiming to produce suitable BSF larvae-flour for vannamei shrimp feed. A meticulous cultivation process encompasses on bioconversion, substrate composition, environmental condition, pre-processing, dehydration, and flouring of BSF larvae was employed to ensure consistent quality. Additionally, the research evaluates compliance with Minimum Technical Requirements for protein and fat content(SNI 01-2354-(3-4)-2006), as well as ash content in feed ingredients (SNI 2354-1-2010) and Vannamei Feed ingredients (SNI 11372-7813-2013). Bioconvertion method applied was successfully providing solution to Polewali Mandar Central Market waste problem, through intensive cultivation of BSF larvae. The three samples of maggot flour from substrates A, B and C that were analyzed fit will all the feed ingredients condition, all test components obtained were in accordance with SNI. Except for thewater content and microbial components in substrate C flour.
The potential of biomass for addressing energy needs in the cement industry: a systematic literature review
Authors: Murodif A , Fauzi A M , Erizal  , Karlinasari L
Published: August 2024

Utilizing biomass as an alternative energy source is crucial for reducing the environmental impacts of global warming and climate change by replacing coal. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine the potential of biomass in the cement industry and its environmental effects. The research methodology comprises four stages: 1) conducting an SLR using the Scopus database, 2) guided by PRISMA; 3) performing a bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer; and 4) comparing findings with in-plant observations. The SLR encompassed a bibliometric analysis of 40 selected journal articles. The primary finding underscores the significant benefits of renewable energy sources like rice and corn. Implementing biomass in cement plants in Indonesia reduces energy consumption by 499.000 MWh and decreases CO2 emissions by 361.309.000 tons per year. In the USA, about 4.32 million tons of dry biomass can generate 5.2 million MWh of electricity, equivalent to 250 gallons of gasoline. The potential of microorganisms and algae as future fuel sources is substantial, highlighting the need for a gradual shift from coal-based to biomass energy. This transition is advantageous due to the abundance of biomass resources, including rice, wood, plantation crops like palm oil, sugarcane, rubber, coconut, corn, municipal waste, and animal waste.
Design development of condenser system for condensing smoke produced by carbonization process
Authors: Agustina Sri Endah , Priyandiri Andrie , Lubis Abdul Muis , Ramadhan Radita Riski
Published: August 2024

The coconut shell charcoal industry is growing rapidly for export purpose, raw material for several industries, and as fuel on cooking stove or grill. In the other side, charcoal production activity causing negative impacts since the process produce smoke which can pollute the environment around production area. One of many efforts to reduce the negative impact of charcoal production activities is by condensing the smoke into liquid smoke. Liquid smoke has high economical value since it can be utilized as a natural pesticide, natural preservative, and also for medicine after a certain processing. Charcoal production is a carbonization process based on primary pyrolysis technology. A condenser system has been developed for carbonization process in a portable venturi kiln. The condenser system consists of the condenser itself as the main part of the system, piping unit to transfer the smoke from the kiln (carbonization reactor) to the condenser, connection port between kiln and the pipe, and connection port between pipe and the condenser. Several improvements have been done to the original design to get optimum performance of the overall system (both of kiln performance and the condenser system performance). Kiln performance was decline when condenser system applied since the smoke interrupted when release from the kiln and causing carbonization process getting slowly. In the other side, the smoke should be slowly entering the condenser system for good result of condensation. The lasted modification design of the system is a condenser with 11 vertical copper pipes with 0.5 cm diameter and 110 cm length, bounded by 20 round galvanic plate with 10 cm diameter and 0.4 mm thickness. The condenser connected to the kiln through the 210 cm pipe in a half circle form. The system performance successfully processing 12.45 kg coconut shell to produce good charcoal with yield around 24% in the average temperature of 260 °C in around 270 minutes. The system produce 1520 ml condensate with average distillation rate of 0.35lt/hour.
Exergoeconomics as a way of assessing energy self-sufficiency in the tapioca industry (review)
Authors: Farhani A C , Herodian S , Noorachmat B P , Nelwan L O
Published: August 2024

Energy conservation has been mandated in Indonesia since 2009. This energy conservation relied heavily on efficient usage of fossil fuel energy. For agroindustry, one of an efficient way of using energy that could be approached is by having its own power plant fueled by its waste generated from production process. This act of energy conservation leads to an energy self-sufficient industry, that has already happened in some agroindustry sector. For tapioca industry, some papers show the potential to achieve an energy self-sufficient industry however in reality to build one of it is difficult. This paper reviewed current research on energy conservation practice in agroindustry and on conversion of tapioca waste to energy. This paper also discussed ways to assess the feasibility of waste to energy (WTE) technology. In here, we suggest exergoeconomics to appraise the WTE for tapioca industry. We also reviewed exergoeconomics analysis regarding agroindustry and energy conservation.
Mulching Effect on Growth and Yield of Garlic at Rurukan Village, Tomohon City
Authors: Tandi Olvie Grietjie , Salamba Herlina N. , Lintang Meivie , Silondae Hasrianti , Sondakh Joula O. M. , Layuk Payung , Elizabeth Rosganda , Rembang Janne H.W.
Published: August 2024

Garlic production in Indonesia is still not able to supply the public needs, therefor as much as 99 percent of the needs are met from imports. Several cultivation technology innovations which can increase production to help meet domestic consumption targets include the use of local varieties, site-specific fertilization, and the use of plastic mulch. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mulching on the growth and yield of two varieties of garlic (Allium sativum L). The research was conducted in Rurukan Village, East Tomohon District, Tomohon City, with an altitude of 700 m above sea level from April to December 2018. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, namely A (without mulch, Lumbu Hijau) variety; B (without mulch, Lumbuh Kuning variety); C (Plastic Silver Mulch, Lumbuh Hijau variety) and D (Plastic Silver Mulch Lumbuh Kuning variety). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). If it had a significant effect, then it will be continued with the Ducan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The results showed that the response of garlic to the variables of plant height (cm), the diameter of tuber/plant (cm), dry weight of bulb (g), and yield (tons/ha) showed different responses, while the number of leaves (strands) of garlic is not significant. Treatment D (Plastic Silver Mulch Lumbuh Kuning variety) was the best treatment for the growth and yield of garlic.
Newton–Okounkov body, Rees algebra, and analytic spread of graded families of monomial ideals
Authors: Hà Huy , Nguyễn Thái
Published: August 2024

Let

I

=
{

I
k

}

k
∈

N

\mathcal {I}=\{I_k\}_{k \in \mathbb {N}}

be a graded family of monomial ideals. We use the Newton–Okounkov body of

I

\mathcal {I}

to: (a) give a characterization for the Noetherian property of the Rees algebra of the family

I

\mathcal {I}

; and (b) present a combinatorial interpretation for the analytic spread of

I

\mathcal {I}

. We also apply these results to investigate and give bounds for the generation type and the Veronese degree of the symbolic Rees algebra of a monomial ideal.
Fillable contact structures from positive surgery
Authors: Mark Thomas , Tosun Bülent
Published: August 2024

We consider the question of when the operation of contact surgery with positive surgery coefficient, along a knot

K
K

in a contact 3-manifold

Y
Y

, gives rise to a weakly fillable contact structure. We show that this happens if and only if

Y
Y

itself is weakly fillable, and

K
K

is isotopic to the boundary of a properly embedded symplectic disk inside a filling of

Y
Y

. Moreover, if

Y
′

Y’

is a contact manifold arising from positive contact surgery along

K
K

, then any filling of

Y
′

Y’

is symplectomorphic to the complement of a suitable neighborhood of such a disk in a filling of

Y
Y

.

Using this result we deduce several necessary conditions for a knot in the standard 3-sphere to admit a fillable positive surgery, such as quasipositivity and equality between the slice genus and the 4-dimensional clasp number, and we give a characterization of such knots in terms of a quasipositive braid expression. We show that knots arising as the closure of a positive braid always admit a fillable positive surgery, as do knots that have lens space surgeries, and suitable satellites of such knots. In fact the majority of quasipositive knots with up to 10 crossings admit a fillable positive surgery. On the other hand, in general, (strong) quasipositivity, positivity, or Lagrangian fillability need not imply a knot admits a fillable positive contact surgery.
Decompositions and Terracini loci of cubic forms of low rank
Authors: Chiantini Luca , Gesmundo Fulvio
Published: August 2024

We study Waring rank decompositions for cubic forms of rank

n
+
2

n+2

in

n
+
1

n+1

variables. In this setting, we prove that if a concise form has more than one non-redundant decomposition of length

n
+
2

n+2

, then all such decompositions share at least

n
−
3

n-3

elements, and the remaining elements lie in a special configuration. Following this result, we give a detailed description of the

(
n
+
2
)

(n+2)

-th Terracini locus of the third Veronese embedding of

n
n

-dimensional projective space.
Almost finitely generated inverse systems and reduced 𝐤-algebras
Authors: Elias Joan , Rossi Maria
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this paper is to characterize one-dimensional local domains, or more in general reduced, in terms of its Macaulay’s inverse system. This leads to study almost finitely generated modules in the divided power ring. We specialize the results to a numerical semigroup ring by computing explicitly its inverse system. In the graded case we characterize reduced arithmetically Gorenstein

0
0

-dimensional schemes. Several examples are given.
Isolated singularities, inverse systems and the punctual Hilbert scheme
Authors: Mourrain Bernard
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we present an effective study of the punctual Hilbert scheme. First, we recall algorithms to compute the inverse system of an isolated singular point. These inverse systems are points of the punctual Hilbert scheme, that we define as a subvariety of a Grassmannian variety, providing explicit defining equations. We localise our study to the algebraic variety

H
i
l
b

B

\mathrm {Hilb}_{B}

of inverse systems, which admits a given dual (monomial) basis

B
B

. Building on the algorithm to compute inverse systems and exploiting combinatorial properties of the monomial basis

B
B

, we derive a set of equations defining

H
i
l
b

B

\mathrm {Hilb}_{B}

. Using this effective presentation, we prove new properties of transversality of

H
i
l
b

B

\mathrm {Hilb}_{B}

, give new dimension formula for its irreducible components and prove that they are birational.
Dg module structures and minimal free resolutions modulo an exact zero divisor
Authors: Şega Liana , Sireeshan Deepak
Published: August 2024

Let

Q
Q

be a local ring with maximal ideal

n

\mathfrak {n}

and let

f
,
g
∈

n

∖

n

2

f,g\in \mathfrak {n}\smallsetminus \mathfrak {n}^2

with

f
g
=
0

fg=0

. When

M
M

is a finite

Q
Q

-module with

f
M
=
0

fM=0

, we show that a minimal free resolution of

M
M

over

Q
Q

has a differential graded module structure over the differential graded algebra

Q
⟨
y
,
t
∣
∂
(
y
)
=
f
,
∂
(
t
)
=
g
y
⟩

Q\langle y,t\mid \partial (y)=f, \partial (t)=gy\rangle

. When

(
f
,
g
)

(f,g)

is an exact pair of zero divisors, we use this structure to describe a minimal free resolution of

M
M

over

Q

/

(
f
)

Q/(f)

.
Equidistribution of iterations of holomorphic correspondences and Hutchinson invariant sets
Authors: Hemmingsson Nils
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we analyze a certain family of holomorphic correspondences on

C

^

×

C

^

\hat {\mathbb {C}}\times \hat {\mathbb {C}}

and prove their equidistribution properties. In particular, for any correspondence in this family we prove that the naturally associated multivalued map

F
F

is such that for any

a
∈

C

a\in \mathbb {C}

, we have that

(

F
n

)
∗

(

δ
a

)

(F^n)_*(\delta _a)

converges to a probability measure

μ
F

\mu _F

for which

F
∗

(

μ
F

)
=

μ
F

d

F_*(\mu _F)=\mu _F d

where

d
d

is the degree of

F
F

. This result is used to show that the minimal Hutchinson invariant set, introduced by P. Alexandersson, P. Brändén, and B. Shapiro [An inverse problem in Pólya–Schur theory. I. Non-degenerate and degenerate operators, preprint, 2024], of a large class of operators and for sufficiently large

n
n

exists and is the support of the aforementioned measure. We prove that under a minor additional assumption, the minimal Hutchinson-invariant set is a Cantor set.
Immunophenotypic, genetic, and clinical characterization of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: A single tertiary care center experience in the United States
Authors: Edema Ukuemi , Liu John , Ma Maxwell Y , Krishnamurthy Kritika , Choudhuri Jui , Li Xing , Marhatta Adwait , Qi Xiaohua , Ma Iris R , Wang Qing , Shastri Aditi , Goldfinger Mendel , Gritsman Kira , Sica R Alejandro , Mantzaris Ioannis , Kornblum Noah , Konopleva Marina , Wang Yanhua , Shi Yang
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive mature T-cell neoplasm caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Its most common immunophenotype is CD4+/CD7–/CD25+, although unusual immunophenotypes can occur and may lead to misdiagnosis.

Methods

The immunophenotypes, cytogenetics, molecular features, clinical presentations, treatment, and prognosis of 131 patients with ATLL were retrospectively studied in a large tertiary medical center in the United States.

Results

All cases showed loss of CD7 expression. While 82.4% of cases demonstrated CD4+, 17.6% exhibited unusual phenotypes, including CD4+/CD8+ (6.9%), CD4–/CD8– (2.3%), CD5– (3.1%), CD2–, and CD3–. The most common cytogenetics abnormalities included polysomy 3 (34.6%), translocation 1 (23.1%), and abnormalities found on chromosome 11 (30.8%) and chromosome 14 (26.9%). The common gene mutations identified by the next-generation sequencing study were TP53 (16.7%), TBL1XR1 (16.7%), EP300 (14.3%), and NOTCH1 (14.3%). TBL1XR1 mutation is associated with genetic instabilities. There was no significant difference between the clinical presentations of these 2 groups.

Conclusions

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma exhibits versatile immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular features. Simultaneous involvement of blood, lymph nodes, and other organs, along with hypercalcemia in a patient from an endemic area, necessitates HTLV-1 testing to avoid underdiagnosis of this dismal disease that might need aggressive chemotherapy followed by bone marrow transplant.
Synthetic lethal connectivity and graph transformer improve synthetic lethality prediction
Authors: Fan Kunjie , Gökbağ Birkan , Tang Shan , Li Shangjia , Huang Yirui , Wang Lingling , Cheng Lijun , Li Lang
Published: August 2024

Synthetic lethality (SL) has shown great promise for the discovery of novel targets in cancer. CRISPR double-knockout (CDKO) technologies can only screen several hundred genes and their combinations, but not genome-wide. Therefore, good SL prediction models are highly needed for genes and gene pairs selection in CDKO experiments. However, lack of scalable SL properties prevents generalizability of SL interactions to out-of-sample data, thereby hindering modeling efforts. In this paper, we recognize that SL connectivity is a scalable and generalizable SL property. We develop a novel two-step multilayer encoder for individual sample-specific SL prediction model (MLEC-iSL), which predicts SL connectivity first and SL interactions subsequently. MLEC-iSL has three encoders, namely, gene, graph, and transformer encoders. MLEC-iSL achieves high SL prediction performance in K562 (AUPR, 0.73; AUC, 0.72) and Jurkat (AUPR, 0.73; AUC, 0.71) cells, while no existing methods exceed 0.62 AUPR and AUC. The prediction performance of MLEC-iSL is validated in a CDKO experiment in 22Rv1 cells, yielding a 46.8% SL rate among 987 selected gene pairs. The screen also reveals SL dependency between apoptosis and mitosis cell death pathways.
Reviewing the Necessity Test in a PHEIC: “Least Intrusiveness” or “Reasonable Necessity”
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhou Yuqi
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged traditional thinking about permitted limitations on human rights and signaled how vulnerable and fragile our world could be. Despite the pandemic being declared terminated by the WHO in 2023, lessons have not yet been fully learned therefrom to cope with health crises that we would encounter in future. How stringent measures are adaptable to the necessity test in a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) requires continuous examination. This article critically reviews the incompatibility of the least intrusive standard with profound scientific uncertainty in a PHEIC. This test is likely to strike a poor balance between effectiveness, efficiency, and intrusiveness. When States took precautionary measures without full scientific support, the least intrusive standard turned out to be only presumptive with a de facto reasonable necessity test stepping in. The article rationalizes the adoption of the reasonable necessity test as a contextual interpretation and adaptation of necessity and precaution in the events of PHEIC. It further contours the test through a risk-based approach and in consideration of the economic and social impact of intrusive measures.
Restriction and evasion: a review of IFNγ-mediated cell-autonomous defense pathways during genital Chlamydia infection
Authors: Reitano Jeffrey R , Coers Jörn
Published: August 2024

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the USA. As an STI, C. trachomatis infections can cause inflammatory damage to the female reproductive tract and downstream sequelae including infertility. No vaccine currently exists to C. trachomatis, which evades sterilizing immune responses in its human host. A better understanding of this evasion will greatly benefit the production of anti-Chlamydia therapeutics and vaccination strategies. This minireview will discuss a single branch of the immune system, which activates in response to genital Chlamydia infection: so-called “cell-autonomous immunity” activated by the cytokine interferon-gamma. We will also discuss the mechanisms by which human and mouse-adapted Chlamydia species evade cell-autonomous immune responses in their native hosts. This minireview will examine five pathways of host defense and their evasion: (i) depletion of tryptophan and other nutrients, (ii) immunity-related GTPase-mediated defense, (iii) production of nitric oxide, (iv) IFNγ-induced cell death, and (v) RNF213-mediated destruction of inclusions.
Abnormal detection and early warning mechanism of power market transaction data: a practice and exploration
Authors: Gong Yuying , Cheng Xiaolei , Liu Yanhang , Xu Kai , Wudabala  
Published: August 2024

With the rapid evolution of the electricity market and the significant surge in power transactions, anomalies in data could wield substantial influence and pose risks to market participants, regulatory bodies, and the overall market operation. This study addresses the voluminous nature of power trading data and the imperative for real-time processing by introducing an anomaly detection method based on the local outlier factor (LOF) algorithm to identify anomalous data points in the electricity market. Simultaneously, this research enhances the LOF algorithm by incorporating the closest distance to center (CDC) algorithm and leveraging the introduction of local reachability density based on k-nearest neighbors, termed as the CDCLOF-k model. The F1 score of the two-stage identification method generally surpasses that of the single-stage method, achieving optimal effectiveness even with smaller values of k, with minimal fluctuation as k varies. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the improved algorithm not only ensures the accuracy of outlier detection but also enhances its efficiency. Future endeavors may delve into more intricate trading anomaly scenarios to further enhance the performance and applicability of this algorithm.