bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On NATO’s Identities and Temporalisations
Authors: Emre Ozigci Yunus
Published: October 2024

Current IR theories bring ontological and temporal complications into the IR studies due to incompatibilities between the very act of theorising and the purely intersubjective nature of the IR field. In the absence of direct correspondence of IR entities, phenomena and events in the self-standing objectivity, the IR theorising, even in contrast to social sciences, tends to become its own ontological anchor. It tends to “precede” the pre-theoretical, intersubjective, immediate givenness and to attempt to fit it to its pre-postulated axiomatic grounds, constructs and narratives, thus altering and re-shaping it. This includes narrating geneses and their imposition on post-genetically given study objects, thus ensuring the coherence of the theoretical construct yet extending the alteration toward the temporality of study objects. However, it is possible to conduct the IR study on the ground of the pre-theoretical, intersubjective immediacy of the entity, phenomenon and event in their synthetic unity, as a phenomenological inquiry. This article attempts to outline such a study on NATO, focusing on its substance (identity) and the temporality in its relationship with its immediate intersubjective environment including its transformations. In this sense, NATO’s adjustment to the post-bipolarity through a double-identity and double-temporalisation setup appears to have been obstructing a new adjustment dictated by further changes in the interstate intersubjectivity. The systemic crisis created by Russia’s ongoing aggression toward Ukraine, which was facilitated by this obstruction, is likely to provide it with an end as well, the form of which being dependent on how the current war ends. Keywords: NATO, alliance, security community, phenomenology, post-bipolarity
Encounters with the Absolute – The Absolute as Encounter
Authors: Appel Kurt
Published: October 2024

This article explores the contingency of the encounter between Jesus of Nazareth as representative of YHWH and Mary Magdalene that occurs at Jesus’s tomb. It interprets two important passages from the Gospel of Mark (Mk 16:1–8) and the Gospel of John (Jn 20:11–18) in order to reflect upon the Absolute which arises from this encounter. In Mark’s Gospel, the result of the encounter is the reference to a never-derivable and unrepresentable beginning, on which the text of Mark is built. The Gospel of John, which refers to Mark, concretizes this as the beginning of love and the covenant partnership between Jesus and Mary Magdalene. It is a contingent encounter because there is no external necessity for it. The crucial point is that the event of God only manifests itself in unforeseen encounters. Therefore the experience of an encounter which sets a new beginning in motion and the existence of God are inextricably linked.
Psychological and medical problems caused by distress of war in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bobryk M. I.
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, the population of Ukraine is under the influence of many stressful factors. Anxiety disorders and a general decline in the quality of life were present even before the start of a full-scale war, as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. The full-scale war contributed to the continuation and intensification of chronic stress, deepening depression, and anxious expectations among various categories of the population of Ukraine, not only due to the immediate danger to life, changes of residence, insomnia, staying in shelters, but also due to the uncertainty of the future. The prevalence of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and their complications among the population of Ukraine, both within the country and among those who have left it as refugees, reaches 30 %. PTSD often overlaps with an additional anxiety disorder, alcohol abuse, depression, and psychosomatic disorders. To reduce complications from PTSD, early diagnosis, optimally carried out at the primary care level, is recommended. All categories of the population that have experienced a traumatic situation, including both military and civilians, are subject to examination. Leptin and ghrelin were studied to assess hormonal changes during major depressive disorder. The levels of these hormones are related to the body’s energy homeostasis. Chronic stress reduces leptin levels in blood serum. In addition, it has also been shown that the administration of leptin to animals can cause an antidepressant effect, which is accompanied by an increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus. Depression and anxiety are common comorbid conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Taking into consideration the proven bidirectional relationship between depression and diabetes, it is necessary to address both conditions effectively.
Objective —  assessment of the severity of depression in patients with T2DM with respect to their vitamin D status under conditions of chronic stress.
Materials and methods. 133 patients with T2DM aged 19 — 75 were examined. Vitamin D status was assessed using the chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method. Depression was assessed using the DASS 21 questionnaire.
Results. A significant inverse relationship between the level of vitamin D and the severity of depression was found.
Conclusions. During the war in Ukraine, an increase in psychopathological disorders among the population has been observed. There is an evidence base indicating the negative impact of depression on the course of diabetes. Given the steady rise in cases of type 2 diabetes and psychopathological disorders in the Ukrainian population, it is necessary to implement measures to correct both carbohydrate metabolism and the psychological condition of patients. Our study demonstrated a statistically significant inverse correlation between the level of depression and the concentration of 25-hydroxycalciferol in patients with type 2 diabetes who are exposed to chronic stress.
Domestic researchers who have made important contributions to the study of digestive system diseases: images in art. Nina Fedorivna Deyneko
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Byelyayeva N. V. , Linevska K. Y.
Published: October 2024

Nina Fedorivna Deyneko is a Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, an honored worker of science and technology of Ukraine, an outstanding health care worker, a labor veteran, and an academician of the International Academy of Sciences in apiphytotherapy and beekeeping. Under Prof. N. F. Deyneko’s supervision, 86 clinical residents, including 34 foreign ones, and postgraduate students were taught during her tenure at the Kharkiv departments of therapy and gastroenterology. Additionally, 25 candidate dissertations and one doctorate thesis were defended. She served as the head of the Kharkiv Medical Institute’s state examination commission for 15 years, founded and presided over the Kharkiv Medical Society of Gastroenterologists for 20 years, was a member of the All‑Union Society of Gastroenterologists’ Presidium of the Board for more than 20 years, and worked as the deputy chairman of the board of the Ukrainian Republican Society of Gastroenterologists. More than 200 research publications, four monographs, textbooks, and copyright certificates have been produced by Nina Fedorivna. Kharkiv Railway Clinical Hospital №1 became the clinical base of the Department of Gastroenterology of the Ukrainian Institute for Advanced Medical Studies, which was headed by Professor Nina Fedorivna Deyneko. Contemporary diagnostic equipment made it possible to perform diagnosis and treatment of patients with pathologies of the gastrointestinal, liver, biliary and pancreatic pathologies. The goal of methodological and pedagogical work was to optimize the educational process by using modern techniques for tracking students’ practical skills and initial, intermediate, and final levels of learning. Four‑ and three‑ month specialty cycles, as well as pre‑certification and theme improvement in the field of gastroenterology, were implemented during the first five years of the department’s existence. In addition to receiving 20 copyright certificates and publishing over 300 research papers, department staff members have also developed 62 rationalization recommendations that have been put into practice in the healthcare industry. The staff of the department participated in many scientific forums, including those conducted abroad.
Protozoan intestinal invasions in military personnel of the Northern region of Ukraine
Authors: Kyrychenko I. I. , Biriukov M. S. , Pokhil S. I. , Tymchenko O. M.
Published: October 2024

Objective — to study the prevalence and spectrum of intestinal parasitic infestations (IPI) agents in groups of military personnel of the Northern region of Ukraine, which differed according to the criteria of having symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders and passing the serving in a combat zone.
Materials and methods. From February to November 2023, the study covered 302 servicemen during inpatient medical care at the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Northern Region of Ukraine. Detection and identification of intestinal parasites in samples of feces (SF) was carried out by classical methods of microscopy using the enrichment procedure (formalin‑ethyl acetate sedimentation) and the preparation (from each enriched sediment) of four smears: two thick wet with 50% aqueous solution of glycerol and D’ Anthony iodine solution; two thin, fixed, permanently stained with Whitley’s modified trichrome (mWT) or Heidenhain’s iron hematoxylin (HIH) and the modified Ziehl‑Neelsen acid method (mZN). Smear microscopy results were evaluated according to the criteria of the US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Results. It was established that the level of prevalence of IPI among the examined servicemen reached 10.6% with variation in the value of this indicator in different groups of soldiers from 2.2% to 12.6%. A specific share of protozoan monoinvasions in soldiers reached 65.6%, and mixed invasions (with two parasites at the same time) — 34.4%. Soldiers with symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases had significantly higher rates of IPI than did asymptomatic. In addition, the infestation rates among soldiers were higher in the cold season (October‑February) with a seasonality index of 1.9. All cases of IPI in servicemen (n=32) were caused by protozoan parasites (n=39), in the etiological spectrum of which the vast majority (84.6%) were pathogenic species (Blastocystis sp., Dientamoeba fragilis, Giardia lamblia), and a smaller proportion (15.4%) were commensal species (Chilomastix mesnili, Iodamoeba butschliі). Among pathogenic protozoa (n=33), Blastocystis sp. (51.5%) and D. fragilis had the highest proportion (42.4%), G. lamblia (6.1%) had significantly less one.
Conclusions. Optimizing the management tactics of military medicine to reduce the negative impact of IPI on the health and combat capacity of servicemen requires knowledge about the prevalence and spectrum of pathogens of invasions among specific groups of soldiers. A necessary condition for increasing the efficiency of microscopic detection/identification of protozoan parasites (primarily D. fragilis) in the SF is the production of permanently stained (mWT or HIH) smears. Microscopic examination of such smears at high resolution (100ґ objective, oil immersion) provides an increased incidence of detection/identification of Blastocystis sp. by 47.1% and D. fragilis by 100%.
Determination of asprosin levels and analysis of correlative relationships with carbohydrate metabolism indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Zhuravlyova L. V. , Markevych M. A.
Published: October 2024

Objective — to investigate asprosin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) and to analyze the correlations between asprosin levels and carbohydrate metabolism indicators in these patients.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 100 patients treated at the Kharkiv Regional Clinical Hospital from 2020 to 2022. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group (n=30) included patients with type 2 DM, and the second group (n=70) comprised patients with comorbid type 2 DM and CP. The control group consisted of 20 healthy persons of comparable age. Diagnoses of CP and type 2 DM were established according to the approved protocols of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Asprosin levels in the blood were determined using enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fasting blood glucose and insulin concentrations were studied, and the HOMA‑IR index was calculated.
Results. The obtained results showed statistically significant differences in the level of asprosin between the groups of patients and the control group. Patients with comorbid type 2 DM and CP had significantly higher asprosin levels (10.06±3.56 ng/ml) compared to those with type 2 DM alone (7.34±2.08 ng/ml) and the control group (2.81±1.34 ng/ml). Correlation analysis revealed moderate positive correlations between asprosin and insulin levels (r=0.41) and HOMA index (r=0.47) in patients with type 2 DM without CP. In patients with comorbid type 2 DM and CP, moderate correlations were observed between asprosin levels and insulin (r=0.52) and HOMA index (r=0.53).
Conclusions. Asprosin is an important adipokine that influences the development of insulin resistance and inflammatory processes in type 2 DM and CP. The highest asprosin levels were observed in the group with comorbid type 2 DM and CP. Moderate positive correlations were established between asprosin levels and insulin levels, as well as the HOMA‑IR index in patients from both groups. This suggests asprosin as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in type 2 DM and its complications.
Effectiveness and safety of gut microbiota modification in intestinal diseases. Review
Authors: Tkach S. M. , Kharchenko N. V. , Dorofeyev A. E.
Published: October 2024

The gut microbiota (GM) is a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract and play an important role in various aspects of the host’s physiology and health. GM is involved in digestion and assimilation of nutrients, synthesis of vitamins and metabolites, modulation of the immune system and defense against pathogens. However, the gut microbiota can also be a source of inflammation and disease when its composition and function are altered. This phenomenon, known as dysbiosis, is associated with almost all gastrointestinal diseases and is most prominent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), colorectal cancer, and celiac disease. Considering the important role of GM in the pathogenesis of IBD and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, several methods of its modification have been proposed, including the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation (FTM) and bacteriophage therapy. However, drawing general conclusions about the efficacy and safety of these approaches is often difficult due to variability in interventions, doses, timing of administration, and the inevitable heterogeneity of host microbiome profiles and gut status. This review presents the results of a large international survey, purposed on the assessment of current practice, preferences, challenges, and expectations of doctors regarding the assessment of the composition of GM and the use of antibiotics, probiotics and TFM in intestinal diseases. The survey was also aimed on the identification of factors influencing the decision‑making process by doctors and barriers limiting the implementation of GM modification in clinical practice. Conclusions drawn from the results of the survey highlight the need for further research, standardization of techniques and evidence‑based recommendations to optimize the use of probiotics, antibiotics and TFM in clinical practice.
Exploring the Potential of Nigerian Clay-Based Pozzolans for Enhancing Concrete Performance and Sustainability: A Study on Strength, Hydration, and Durability
Authors: Adegbemileke Samuel Adesina , Osuji Sylvester Obinna , Ogirigbo Okiemute Roland
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the potential of calcined clays from Nigerian deposits in the production of ternary blends of cement. Clay samples were obtained from three different locations namely: Ikpeshi, Okpilla and Uzebba. The raw clay samples were then calcined at 700°C and 800°C. Chemical and mineralogical compositions were determined for the raw and calcined clay samples using XRF and XRD respectively. The chemical composition confirmed these clays as potential pozzolans with SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 collectively exceeding 70%. XRD analysis identified kaolinite and quartz as major mineral phases in the raw clays, which transformed into metakaolin upon calcination. Compressive strength tests on mortar samples prepared with 50% substitution of Portland cement with the calcined clay and limestone, showed that Ikpeshi clay at 800°C had the best strength performance, with a strength activity index of 0.92 at 28 days, demonstrating superior pozzolanic potential. Strength development was more significant between 7 and 28 days, indicating the pozzolanic reaction's contribution to long-term strength. However, the initial strength at 3 days was lower than the reference cement due to a delayed pozzolanic reaction. XRD analysis of blended pastes revealed typical hydration phases like portlandite, C-S-H, Strätlingite, and ettringite, with the ternary blends showing reduced portlandite content, indicating absorption by the pozzolan's alumina phase. Durability assessments revealed that the ternary blends exhibited improved resistance to water and chloride ion ingress. These findings highlight the effectiveness of Nigerian calcined clays in producing durable and sustainable concrete, supporting their use as supplementary cementitious materials to reduce the environmental impact of concrete production.
Design of an Optimal Controller for a Propeller-Pendulum System using the PSO Technique
Authors: Al-Ashtari Waleed
Published: October 2024

A new model for the non-linear propeller-pendulum system is derived in this study. The model takes into consideration the effects of external disturbances and the properties of the pendulum elements. Two systems with PID controllers are simulated. In the first system, Simulink is used to implement the system and tune the PID parameters. In the second system, a MATLAB script is used to simulate the system and tune the PID parameters. The scrip uses the Runge-Kutta method for solving the system’s equation and uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) to tune the parameters. Further, both systems were investigated under two disturbance conditions. The performance of these systems is evaluated based on comparing the settling time, the peak overshoot, and the integral of the absolute errors (IAE). The results show that when there is no disturbance, both systems are capable of tracking the desired signal successfully. However, the results also show that the application of disturbances causes the first system to lose its smooth response. In contrast, the second system demonstrates a robust response and effective countermeasures to disturbance effects. The results of unit step disturbance are as follows: the settling time, peak overshoot, and IAE of the first system are 13.16s, 11.6%, and 1.706, respectively. Further, the settling time, peak overshoot, and IAE of the second system are 2.388s, 6.6%, and 0.299, respectively. It can be concluded that Simulink is not recommended to be used for tuning the PID controller in the presence of disturbances.
Phase velocity of love waves as function of heterogeneity and void parameter
Authors: Das Sandip Kumar , Saha Anup
Published: October 2024

The present study looks at the Love wave propagating through an elastic layer containing empty pores situated above a heterogeneous elastic semi-infinite space. We have constructed separate formulations of equations of motion for both media under congruous boundary conditions. The separation of variables approach is used to build the phase velocity frequency relation in compact form using the Whittaker function. The resulting closed-form dispersion equation matches the conventional Love wave equation when heterogeneity has been removed. The propagation of Love waves is strongly influenced by a porous layer of limited thickness across an elastic semi-infinite space. Three wave fronts are demonstrated to have the potential to propagate. The equilibrated inertia and the variation in the void volume fraction are related to two wave fronts that are connected to the characteristics of the void pores. Numerical treatments are applied and graphically illustrated to implement these effects associated to Love waves’ phase velocity.
T-Bipolar Soft Semigroups and Related Results
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Mahmood Tahir , Asif Muhammad ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Rehman Ubaid ur ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Ahmmad Jabbar ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: October 2024

The role of semigroups (SGs) is to operate as the tool for the study and modeling of systems and phenomena in which inverse operation is not relevant or necessary. SGs are encountered in the subject of automata theory, coding theory, language theory, and the study of discrete dynamical systems. Moreover, T-bipolar soft set is closer to bipolarity as compared to other theories on bipolar soft sets. Based on the idea of T-bipolar soft sets, here we explore the notion and properties of the T-bipolar soft semigroup (T-BSSG). These properties include the AND and OR product, the Restricted Union (Res-Union) and Restricted Intersection (Res-Intersection), and the Extended Union (Ext-Union) and Extended Intersection (Ext-Intersection) on T-BSSG. Further, we also devise the related algebraic properties of T-BSSG.
Assessing Institutional Performance Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Anwer Zainabalwan , Abdalrada Ahmad , Raza Khan Ihtiram
Published: October 2024

In Middle Eastern nations, social media has grown in importance in influencing political and governmental choices. In Iraq, Facebook is regarded as one of the most widely used social networking sites. The underutilization of this tool for evaluating institutional performance persists. Thus, using sentiment analysis on Facebook, this study suggests a methodology that aids organizations like the Ministry of Justice in Iraq in assessing their own performance. The model makes use of a variety of machine learning methods, including Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine. TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) was used to convert the textual data into numerical features, which is essential for effective text analysis. Additionally, features were carefully managed by utilizing both unigram and bigram models. Using datasets from (Facebook pages belonging to the Iraqi Ministry of Justice), a thorough experimental investigation was conducted. The results of our experiments showed that the SVM algorithm produced the best accuracy, at 98.311%. following the suggested model's retention of a few stop words, which was shown to significantly improve the algorithm's performance and guarantee accurate categorization of comments while maintaining the content of the phrase.
Predicting the Optimal Treatment for Diseases Using Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Abed Sudad , Adel Madlool Zuhal
Published: October 2024

Recently, there has been a significant research focus on addressing disease prevalence, especially in dealing with the complexities of big data associated with disease data. The challenge is achieving high accuracy due to missing value problems in big data. This study aims to use AI techniques to develop a system that predicates the optimal solutions for disease, regardless of the type of disease, i.e. the system can be applied to any type of disease. The approach involves handling missing values and normalizing disease datasets. The Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) will be used to improve predictions for effective disease treatments. We obtained good results for predicting the appropriate treatment for the disease in the proposed research, compared to the results obtained when applying the PSO algorithm before development in state of earlier, where the results obtained in the proposed research had higher accuracy than the results in in state of earlier at high iterations starting from 200 iterations and also had a lower error rate.:
Exploring the Mathematics and Metaphysics of the Universal Wavefunction
Authors: Pierpoint Gregory
Published: October 2024

Quantum mechanics presents a reality that defies classical intuitions, with the universal wavefunction offering one of the most profound perspectives in modern physics. This paper delves into the mathematical structure of the universal wavefunction, its role in the Many-Worlds Interpretation, and the metaphysical implications for determinism, reality, and consciousness. By blending rigorous mathematical formalism with philosophical exploration, we investigate the conceptual and mathematical underpinnings of quantum reality and its relevance to the nature of existence. Recognizing the speculative nature of certain topics, we clearly distinguish established science from conjectural ideas. Additionally, we provide a critical analysis of various interpretations of quantum mechanics, compare their strengths and weaknesses, and discuss potential experimental tests and observable consequences of the universal wavefunction theory. This work also addresses challenges, such as the derivation of the Born rule and the interpretation of probability in the multiverse.
Phytochemical analysis, digestive enzymes inhibition, and toxicity study of Beta vulgaris
Authors: Khatri Sabina , Magar Akash Budha , Sharma Tinky , Sharma Khaga Raj
Published: October 2024

Beta vulgaris is an annual crop grown for its edible roots and leaves. It is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes, cancer, obesity, heart problems, kidney problems, and liver diseases. The present work is centered on the phytochemical analysis and assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities, and toxicity in the root and leaf extracts and solvent fractions. TPC and TFC were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent method and AlCl3 colorimetric method respectively. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activity were measured with DPPH assay and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay. Antimicrobial activity was determined with the agar disc diffusion method and brine shrimp assay was performed to measure toxicity. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The ethyl acetate fraction of the root contained the highest amount of phenolics with 84.35 ± 0.94 mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid content was found highest in the hexane fraction of root at 150.48 ± 1.10 mg QE/g. The ethyl acetate fraction of the root displayed an IC50 of 3.92 ± 0.06 µg/mL in the DPPH assay. The plant extracts and fractions possessed weak α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. They were inactive against bacterial species of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and fungal species of Fusarium solani. Toxicity assay found the plant to be non-toxic against the brine shrimp nauplii with the lowest LC50 value being 1166.36 ± 100.21 µg/mL for the hexane fraction of leaf. The study finds B. vulgaris to be rich in phytochemicals and antioxidant activity with weak α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. It is non-toxic to brine shrimp larvae.
Enhancing high-performance concrete properties through partial replacement of fine aggregate with crusher run dust: A comprehensive experimental investigation
Authors: Thapa Ishwor , Baral Nirmal Prasad , Adhikari Krishna Raj
Published: October 2024

Crusher run dust is a waste product produced in significant quantities during the removal and processing of rocks at crusher plants. This experiment examines how high-performance concrete characteristics are affected when sand is partially replaced with crusher-run dust in various ratios. The replacement of fine aggregate with crusher run dust has been considered for M50 grade design mix concrete with 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%, and the change in characteristics has been considered. To keep the workability between 76mm and 85mm, a superplasticizer was utilized. In this experimental investigation, the mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, and porosity have been examined. Concrete's characteristics showed improvement. Crusher-run dust with a 30% concentration in concrete has produced the best results.
Composition optimization of Ni-Zn ferrites for magnetic hyperthermia: structural, morphological and spectroscopic study
Authors: Parajuli D. , Ramana P. V. , Murali N. , Bista S. , Sharma M. , Samatha K.
Published: October 2024

The optimization of the appropriate composition is necessary for the characteristics suitable for magnetic hyperthermia by varying the amount of iron in the ferrite composition. The NiZn ferrite with the composition Ni0.65Zn0.35Fe2O4, Ni0.65Zn0.40Fe1.95O4, and Ni0.60Zn0.35Fe2.05O4 indicated by IN, IE, and ID respectively were synthesized from sol-gel approach. XRD shows cubic spinel structure except for one extra peak in all three samples (IN 800℃; IE 800℃, and ID 900℃; 800℃, 900℃ and 1000℃) around 2θ= 40.9° is related to the iron oxide (gFe2O3) and is related to JCPDS 89-8104). The formation of the additional peak is due to the diffusion of atoms in the heating process. The variations in crystallite size and particle size due to iron content. Their effect on magnetic properties and hence in hyperthermia are under study.
Comparative study of UV index in the selected sites of Nepalse teritory
Authors: Mainali Isman , Khadka Prakash , Pantha Nurapati
Published: October 2024

Progression and development of many under- water and terrestrial life forms are influenced by many environmental factors, including the amount of ultraviolet radiation present at water and the Earth’s surface. Spectral measure of solar UV radiation helps us to understand the causes of change in environment and also raise public awareness about potential threats when the index value goes higher. This paper presents the value of UV index over six different locations of Nepal which are situated at different latitude and at different altitude. The numeral values of UV index during solar noon, provided by POWER data sets from year 2001 AD to 2021 AD, was used which were then compared with standard value categories of UV index based on WHO guideline. The UV index value for these locations were compared on monthly and annual basis. Upon analysis, it was found that during solar noon average value of UV index above Dolpa was highest with the value 9.10. The maximum value of UV index above other locations were: 8.43(Birgunj), 8.13(Hetauda), 6.14(Rolpa) and 5.45(Tulsipur) respectively. During mid-summer the value of UV index in each of these locations fall into high or very high category as per the WHO guideline. Thus, people from these locations are vulnerable to the exposure of harmful UV radiation. This study reveals that the special care should be taken during midday from June through August.
Caseworkers on the digital streets
Authors: Kvakic Minela , Larsson Karl Kristian
Published: October 2024

It is an intrinsic feature of many public agencies that they are dependent on street-level bureaucrats making important decisions regarding their clients. While some have claimed that such decisions are in danger of being corrupted by the bureaucrats’ discretionary powers, Lipsky argued that this discretion was necessary for the proper implication of social policy. However, the digitalization of government has altered the way in which many public servants reach their decisions. For instance, Bovens and Zouridis have argued that digitalization limits or removes bureaucrats’ processional discretion when making decisions, which can have a negative effect on public services. While decisions are singular events, the process of reaching them is complex and drawn out over time. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to explore the process of decision-making in a public service context, and how digitalization has impacted caseworker discretion. The context of this study is the Norwegian child welfare service, where we have conducted focus group interviews with 26 caseworkers. Our analyses of the decision-making process uncovered several points in which digitalization has increased the need for caseworker discretion, i.e., an increased availability of caseworkers, information gathering and the admissibility of private information online. Our study demonstrates how even though digital technology such as social media presents new opportunities for information gathering, it also poses a danger for the creation of discriminatory practices toward citizens that could negatively affect the quality of service provision. Furthermore, conceptually deconstructing the decision-making process was beneficial to understanding how digitalization impacts different aspects of the case-handling process.
ANALISIS PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS PEGAWAI BADAN LITBANG DAN DIKLAT KEMENTERIAN AGAMA
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi faktual dan konseptual mengenai lingkungan kerja dan pengaruhnya terhadap produktivitas karyawan. Apakah lingkungan kerja dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas karyawan secara parsial? Apakah kompensasi dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas karyawan secara parsial? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperkaya teori manajemen berdasarkan temuan penelitian yang terkait dengan teori lingkungan kerja, kompensasi, dan produktivitas. Metodologi penelitian meliputi desain penelitian, lokasi penelitian, populasi dan sampel penelitian, teknik pengumpulan data, teknik pengolahan data, definisi operasional dan pengukuran variabel, teknik analisis data, desain alur penelitian dan asumsinya, serta sistematika penulisan. Teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi atau survei menggunakan kuesioner kepada karyawan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kementerian Agama.
Coming out: Impact on friendships between heterosexual men and gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
Authors: Oueis Jeremy , McKie Raymond M. , Copeland Erika , Johnston Samantha F. , Reissing Elke D.
Published: October 2024

Friendships between heterosexual men and gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) appear to be less common than other friendship dyads. While some heterosexual men’s fear of being perceived as gay may act as a barrier in forming these friendships, research conducted within the past decade suggests that attitudes toward gbMSM are improving in Western cultures. Little is known regarding how heterosexual men react to their peers who are gbMSM after disclosing their sexual orientations to them during this cultural shift in North America. Using inclusive masculinity theory as a framework, the purpose was to examine how friendships between heterosexual men and gbMSM are impacted following their coming out experiences. Data were collected from heterosexual men and gbMSM aged 18–36 ( M = 28.52) residing in the United States and Canada ( N = 443) through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Heterosexual and gbMSM were asked to answer open-ended questions regarding the gbMSM’s coming out experiences and describe changes in their friendships afterward. Thematic analysis guidelines were followed to analyze the responses. Results indicated three pathways for friendships: a positive coming-out experience with an improved friendship, a neutral coming-out experience with no change in the friendship, and a negative experience followed by a damaged or terminated friendship. Findings suggest that positive attitudes toward cross-orientation friendships may be more prevalent and accepted at present than historically. These findings start an important dialogue with the potential implication of further normalizing positive friendships between heterosexual men and gbMSM.
Adaptation and reliability of the sexual consent scale-revised in Spanish
Authors: García-Barba Marta , Elipe-Miravet Marcel , Byers E. Sandra , Ballester-Arnal Rafael , Brassard Audrey
Published: October 2024

Sexual consent is essential for preventing sexual assault. Research on sexual consent in Spain is hampered by the lack of an appropriate measure. The aim of this study was to translate and assess the psychometric properties of the Sexual Consent Scale–Revised using a sample of 557 Spanish individuals between 18 and 60 years old. An exploratory factor analysis followed by a confirmatory factor analysis supported the Spanish SCS-R factorial structure. Reliability analyses and invariance testing demonstrated its good psychometric properties and invariance with respect to age and gender. The Spanish SCS-R is a useful tool to evaluate sexual consent among young men and women as well as men and women older than 30 years of age.
The Foot and the Spear: Enlightenment Natural Law, Translation, and Indigenous Sovereignty in Australia
Authors: DeGabriele Peter
Published: October 2024

This article argues that translation is essential to the theory of occupation found in the European natural law texts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and that translation is complicit in colonialist occupation. The translation of Samuel Pufendorf’s De jure naturae et gentium ( On The Law of Nature and Nations, 1672) from Latin into English by Basil Kennett and into French by Jean Barbeyrac involved a language politics that linked these languages to forms of political sovereignty that were imagined as universal. To critique this concept of universal sovereign untranslatability, the article considers The Uluru Statement from the Heart (2017) by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia, which posits a practice of translation that does not rely on sovereign untranslatability, but which brings distinct idioms into conversation with each other. This theory and practice of translation can be the basis for a reworking of settler colonialism.
Sex Work, Sensibility, and Virtue: Isabelle de Charrière’s Response to Rousseau
Authors: Stacey Jessica
Published: October 2024

In Julie (1761), Jean-Jacques Rousseau changed courtesan Laure’s projected happy matrimonial ending and cut most of her story, consigning her to a convent and to the narrative’s margins. Why was the former sex worker judged, despite her virtue and sensibility, an element inassimilable to the virtuous environment of Clarens? Conversely, Isabelle de Charrière, a dedicated reader of Rousseau, makes courtesan Caliste the main character of a novella. Caliste, too, is denied a happy ending, yet repeatedly and convincingly she makes the case that she is not only virtuous but also (like Julie) able to craft an environment conducive to virtue—against those who argue that lost sexual honour renders a woman toxic. Rousseau’s reworked depiction of Laure, this article argues, is best understood with reference to his philosophy of sensation, hygiene, and ethics: la morale sensitive. Although Charrière never names this philosophy, her Caliste develops and challenges it.
Judicial review as a quasi-administrative jurisdiction
Authors: Murray Joanne
Published: October 2024

This article challenges the idea that judicial review is purely judicial and adversarial in nature. Instead, I argue that recent doctrinal and remedial changes to judicial review suggest that courts hold a quasi-administrative jurisdiction. By a quasi-administrative jurisdiction, I mean one that prospectively, and retrospectively, aids and advises on the execution of public administration. For example, the Federal Court in Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) v Mason suggested that federal tribunals should start using the advisory reference procedure found in section 18.3(1) of the 1985 Federal Courts Act to resolve ‘dueling administrative interpretations’ of their home statutes. Canadian courts have also started to remit cases back to administrative decision makers with specific instructions explaining how they are to proceed upon redetermination, thereby structuring and advising on the proper exercise of discretion. The existence of these quasi-administrative remedies requires us to rethink Lon Fuller’s contention that the form of adjudication is inherently bilateral, adversarial, and retrospective. Fuller’s contention was based on the claim that arguments in court are ordinarily presented in the form of claims of right in the disputant’s favour. However, I argue that, in public law adjudication, arguments are presented in the form of claims of legitimate authority in the public interest. This establishes judicial review on what I term a multilateral, collaborative, and prospective form of adjudication. This form suggests that the court is in fact suited to exercising quasi-administrative functions.
Why we should think about democratic frontsliding as well as democratic backsliding
Authors: Tushnet Mark
Published: October 2024

For the past decade or so, we have been worrying about democratic backsliding – movement toward autocratic rule in nations that we thought were stably democratic. Our attention to backsliding may have distracted us, though, from another important phenomenon – front-sliding, so to speak. If backsliding is a move from democracy toward autocracy, frontsliding is a move from autocracy to democracy. Professors Dan Slater and Joseph Wong’s important book From Development to Democracy offers an elegant argument that sometimes autocrats themselves initiate movement toward democracy even when they are not facing imminent collapse. They show how dominant political parties in South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan gave up a seeming guarantee of remaining in power through continuing repression in order to remain in power through reasonably free and fair elections instead. Their argument, which I outline in Part ii, is that sometimes democracy occurs because the dominant party is strong rather than weak and on the verge of collapse. That opens up the possibility of similar frontsliding transformations in other authoritarian, autocratic, or quasi-autocratic nations, including Singapore and, most intriguingly, China. I examine this possibility in Part iii.
Unjust enrichment in law and equity
Authors: Nadler Jennifer
Published: October 2024

In Moses v Macferlan, Lord Mansfield used money had and received, a common law money count, to provide relief in a case where an action’s outcome failed to align with the actor’s intention. In the First Restatement of Restitution, Warren Seavey and Austin Scott gathered together all cases, quasi-contractual and equitable, under the single principle that ‘a person who has been unjustly enriched at the expense of another is required to make restitution to the other.’ These two influential acts of fusion between common law and equity have caused a great deal of confusion in the scholarship and jurisprudence on unjust enrichment. With the fundamental differences between quasi-contract and equitable unjust enrichment obscured, scholars and judges have struggled to find the single principle or core case that unifies liability in what is now called the law of unjust enrichment. I argue that we can resolve the puzzles of unjust enrichment by rejecting the fusionist claims that started them all – that is, by distinguishing cases of quasi-contract (the common law money counts) from cases of equitable unjust enrichment – and by recognizing that each has a distinctive normative foundation. Quasi-contract, like other common law doctrines, is grounded in respect for the freedom and equality of agents conceived as beings with the capacity for free choice. Quasi-contract is concerned with the objective significance of external acts like requests and agreements on terms; it is not concerned with the frustration of the plaintiff’s particular purpose in acting. Equitable unjust enrichment, like other equitable doctrines that attend to mistakes, expectations, and intentions, is grounded in concern for individual autonomy. It recognizes that a court, as a public institution attuned to law’s self-imposability, cannot enforce an alienation of property with indifference to the way in which it may fail as an expression of the individual’s purposes and reasons for action.
НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНО-ПАТРІОТИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ НАСЕЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ ЯК ЧИННИКА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Чупрій Леонід
Published: October 2024

У статті аналізуються ключові нормативно-правові акти, спрямовані на забезпечення національно-патріотичного виховання населення України. Зазначається, що основою національно-патріотичного виховання є ідея зміцнення української державності як консолідуючого чинника розвитку суспільства, разом із необхідністю формування патріотизму та утвердження національних цінностей. Акцентується увага на тому, що однією з головних умов перемоги над мілітарно сильнішим імперіалістичним ворогом є стійке усвідомлення громадянином України своєї приналежності до української нації, наявності стійкого україноцентричного світогляду та високий рівень патріотизму. Відтак саме патріотизм є сьогодні одним із головних чинників забезпечення національної безпеки, оскільки українці-патріоти гідно захищають суверенітет і територіальну цілісність нашої країни, виганяючи російського агресора з тимчасово окупованих територій. Вказується, що одним із ключових нормативно-правових актів у цій галузі є Закон України «Про основні засади державної політики у сфері утвердження української національної та громадянської ідентичності», який сприяє формуванню громадянами країни національної та громадянської ідентичності, що є важливою передумовою для існування та процвітання Української держави. У Законі було здійснено визначення ключових засад, стандартів, мети, завдань, пріоритетів державної політики, спрямованої на формування української національної та громадянської ідентичності. Також виділено такі складові цієї державної політики як національно-патріотичного виховання, військово-патріотичного виховання та громадянська освіта. Підкреслено, що формування та закріплення в суспільстві патріотичної свідомості, поваги до державних символів і національних цінностей України є серед ключових завдань законодавства в цій галузі.