bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revealing the role of long-term drought in the record-shattering April 2023 heatwave in the Western Mediterranean
Authors: Lemus-Canovas Marc , Insua-Costa Damian , Trigo Ricardo M. , Miralles Diego G.
Published: March 2024

In April 2023, the Western Mediterranean region was hit by an exceptional and unprecedented heatwave that broke several temperature records. In Cordoba (Spain), the previous April maximum temperature record was exceeded by almost 5ºC. In this study, we investigated the interaction between soil moisture and the extreme temperatures reached during this event, using the latest available observational data and several statistical techniques capable of quantifying this relationship. Our results revealed that soil moisture deficit preconditions, concurring with a strong subtropical ridge as a synoptic driver, had a key contribution to the amplification of this record-breaking heatwave. Specifically, we estimated that the most extreme temperature records would have been 4.53 times less likely and 2.19°C lower if the soils had been wet. These findings indicated that soil moisture content may be a crucial variable for seasonal forecasting of early HW in this region and other Mediterranean climate regimes that already suffering an increment in the frequency of compound drought–heatwave events. 
ARTS: a scalable data set for Arctic Retrogressive Thaw Slumps
Authors: Yang Yili , Rodenhizer Heidi , Rogers Brendan M. , Dean Jacqueline , Singh Ridhima , Windholz Tiffany , Poston Amanda , Potter Stefano , Zolkos Scott , Fiske Greg , Watts Jennifer , Huang Lingcao , Witharana Chandi , Nitze Ingmar , Nesterova Nina , Barth Sophia , Grosse Guido , Lantz Trevor , Runge Alexandra , Lombardo Luigi ,   coauthors
Published: March 2024

Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) are one of the most rapid abrupt thaw events that have a positive feedback on climate warming. RTS are not yet well understood because of the lack of geospatial products describing abrupt thaw distribution and changes over time in the Arctic. Although many standalone RTS digitisation data sets have been archived, it is challenging to find, access and pool the existing data sets into a comprehensive and unified one due to the lack of common data curation standards. Therefore we collected the existing RTS digitisation data sets known to date and compiled them into a scalable and uniform data set - Arctic Retrogressive Thaw Slumps (ARTS). Besides, we developed an RTS data curation framework, which provides guidelines for RTS remote sensing data digitisation, metadata formatting, RTS indexing, storage format, contribution guidelines and more. So far the ARTS data set contains around 24,000 RTS digitisations and 3,300 non-RTS background labels. This data set will empower a wide range of Arctic studies, especially beneficial for deep learning studies that are highly data-intensive.
Optimal elevation for biomass carbon accumulation in tropical planted and secondary forests 
Authors: Chen Xiuzhi , Su Yongxian , Li Xueyan
Published: March 2024

Restoring tropical forest can provide a large additional carbon sink, yet knowledge of the optimal locations for reforestation programs remains uncertain. By evaluating multiple pantropical forest biomass carbon and height datasets, we find that tropical plantations and regrowth forests (TPFs) situated at elevations ≥ 300 m accumulate 1.5-fold more carbon per year in biomass than their lowland counterparts (elevations < 300 m) prior to reaching maturity. Notably, the biomass carbon accumulation rates increase significantly (P
The window of opportunity for subseasonal land cold extreme prediction over Eurasia  
Authors: Xiang Baoqiang
Published: March 2024

Subseasonal prediction of extremes has emerged as a top forecast priority but remains a great challenge. In this work, we explored two physical modes controlling the subseasonal variation and prediction of land cold extremes over Eurasia: the so-called North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Eurasian Meridional Dipole mode (EMD). The ECMWF model has shown its skill in predicting the Eurasian land cold extremes 2-4 weeks in advance mainly because of the skillful prediction of NAO and EMD. Further, we separated these observed events into the good prediction and poor prediction groups for those two modes to reveal the potential factors influencing the subseasonal prediction of land cold extremes. It is found that the good prediction group has a stronger initial amplitude and longer persistence, while the poor prediction group has a relatively weaker initial amplitude but rapid intensification. For EMD, the predictability is mainly due to the skillful prediction of the Ural blocking which is further traced back to the stratospheric variations.  
Control of Underground Coal Fire and its Impact on Environment
Authors: Zeng Qiang
Published: March 2024

Coal Fire is a disaster associated with coal mining activities over the world. Coal fire not only burns up massive ammount of coal resource, but also brings series of impacts on environment, such as the damage to land by subsiding, the contamination to soil and pollution to air by pollutants from coal combustion, the contamination to water and ground water by leaching, etc. In the presentation, the author illustrated the thermal dynamic process of coal fire by modleing the control volume of coal fire, the capacity of oxygen-supply to the coal fire, the heat transfer of coal fire, ect., which is helpful to further understanding of the exact process of coal fire's occurrence and propagation. Then, considering the coal fire's impact on environment, the author also presented a latest research on the mechanism of soil deleption and degradation, the soil contamination induced by coal fire. Results of experiments of restoration of fire site also was illustrated.
The distribution pattern of vascular plant alpha diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Zhou Tao
Published: March 2024

Biodiversity plays a vital role in maintaining ecosystem functioning. Quantifying the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on plant diversity and creating a prediction map of biodiversity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) can provide data and mechanism support for biodiversity conservation and restoration. Species richness (SR) serves as one of the indicators of biodiversity. In this study, we developed a SR estimation model based on the random forest algorithm, using 275 SR observation data, soil attribute data, meteorological data, topographical data, and human activity data. We assessed the pattern of SR on the QTP from 2000 to 2020, analyzed its spatiotemporal variation, and further evaluated significant environmental factors influencing vegetation alpha diversity. Our results showed that (1) Climate factor is the main influencing factor of SR spatial variation on the QTP, followed by terrain conditions. (2) Machine learning can account for 56% of SR and unveil distribution patterns showing a decrease in species richness from southeast to northwest on the QTP. (3) Over the past 20 years, there has been an increase in SR, particularly in the southeastern region.
Global Tropical Cyclone Extreme Wave Climatology
Authors: Young Ian , Grossmann-Matheson Guisela
Published: March 2024

In tropical and sub-tropical regions, tropical cyclones represent one of the most important sources of extreme meteorological events. The extreme ocean waves generated by such events have important engineering, oceanographic and societal impacts. This presentation outlines the results of the application of a computationally efficient parametric tropical cyclone ocean wave prediction model to each of the world’s tropical cyclone basins. The parametric model is based on present understanding of wind-wave physics in such systems and is formulated through more than 300 simulations of the Wavewatch III model covering the parameter range of typical tropical cyclones. The model is applied to synthetic tropical cyclone tracks for both historical and future projected periods. In each case, the equivalent of 1000 years of synthetic tropical cyclones is simulated for each basin. Extreme value analysis of the resulting data is used to estimate the 100-year return period significant wave height distribution across each basin. The results are explained in terms of the key tropical cyclone parameters. In addition to providing a comprehensive analysis of present day tropical cyclone wave extremes, the analysis describes how such extremes are projected to change under future climate change scenarios.
Storylines of climate variability for hydrological impact studies
Authors: Shepherd Theodore
Published: March 2024

Physical climate storylines (physically-based unfoldings of past climate or weather events, or of plausible future events or pathways) are increasingly being used to represent the epistemic uncertainty in the forced response to climate change. But storylines can also be used to systematically explore the uncertainty space of climate variability, e.g. to construct plausible worst-case events. Their use in this latter context is perhaps less obvious since variability is generally considered to be an aleatoric rather than an epistemic uncertainty. However, for impact studies, variability is often hugely undersampled, which is a serious problem that storylines can help address. In this talk I will review the rationale behind the use of storylines, discuss some of the concerns and questions about storylines that continue to arise, and provide some examples of their use in this particular context and of how storyline and probabilistic representations of uncertainty can be usefully combined.
Long-Term Phosphorus Fertilisation: Effects on Nitrogen and Carbon Cycle Dynamics and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in European Agricultural Soils 
Authors: Dannenberg Lea , Eckhardt Christian , Müller Christoph , Kleineidam Kristina
Published: March 2024

Phosphorus (P) is a crucial nutrient for plant growth, its limitation reduces plant and microbial biomass, affecting soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. Changes in soil P content may influence microbial composition, shaping pathways in the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and impacting greenhouse gas emissions. In this lab incubation experiment we investigate the impact of different P fertilisation levels in three European long-term experiments (LTE) on N and C transformation processes and greenhouse gas fluxes in agricultural soils using stable isotope techniques (15N and 13C). The study is part of the EJP SOIL project “ICONICA” (Impact of long-term P additions on C sequestration and N cycling in agricultural soils).The soil samples derived from Johnstown Castle, JC (grassland soil, Ireland), Lanna Skara, LS (arable soil, Sweden) and Jyndevad, JY (arable soil, Denmark). Two P levels were examined from each LTE: low P (0 kg P/ha and year) and high P additions (different P application rates among LTEs). The soils were mixed with 13C- and 13C15N- labelled maize biomass, respectively, and received ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) in the 13C treatment as 15NH4NO3 and NH415NO3, respectively, and unlabelled NH4NO3 in the 13C15N treatment. Soil and gas samples were taken 0, 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after addition of NH4NO3 and were analysed for (15)NH4+-N, (15)NO3--N, organic (15)N, organic (13)C contents as well as for nitrous oxide ((15)N2O), carbon dioxide ((13)CO2), and methane (CH4) fluxes.Preliminary findings display clear differences among the three LTEs as well as the two P levels. Regarding the impact of P fertilisation history: JC soil exhibited elevated CO2 emissions at high P compared to low P level. Significantly, high P levels showed higher CH4 uptake rates in JC and JY soils compared to the respective low P levels. JY had the highest N2O emissions, while JC had the lowest. JC had higher NH4-N values than LS. The highest NO3-N values were measured in JC, and the lowest in JY. In JC, higher NO3-N values were measured in high P compared to low P.The results so far underscore the complex interactions within the carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus cycles under varying P inputs. Further analyses and interpretations are in progress.
Mapping wind speed distribution across large regions using machine learning and asymmetric kernel estimators.
Authors: Houndekindo Freddy , Ouarda Taha
Published: March 2024

Wind resource assessment studies over large regions provide the basis for the preliminary identification of locations with promising wind energy prospects. In past studies, several authors have mapped the mean wind speed across large regions using spatial interpolation methods or machine learning models. In recent studies, more emphasis has been placed on mapping the entire wind speed distribution to evaluate the wind resource variability at unsampled locations. Most of these studies have assumed that the wind speed distribution across the entire region belongs to a single family of probability distribution functions and then processed to map the distribution parameters. A flexible non-parametric approach for wind speed distribution mapping is proposed in this study. The new approach is based on mapping various wind speed quantiles at some fixed percentile points in the region using a machine learning model. Then, at any unsampled location, these quantiles are used as input of an asymmetric kernel estimator of cumulative distribution function to recover the whole wind speed distribution. Asymmetric kernel estimators solve the probability leakage problem that appears when fitting symmetric kernels to bounded variables such as wind speed. The non-parametric approach for wind speed distribution mapping was more effective than a traditional approach based on mapping the parameters of a distribution function. In the best scenario, an improvement was observed between 6% (test samples) and 9% (cross-validation) of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic between the observed and estimated wind speed distribution. The non-parametric approach is recommended for regions with highly variable wind regimes that cannot be captured by a single family of distribution functions.
Introducing Hōretireti Whenua / Sliding Lands:  integrating social science into nationally applicable landslide risk models for Aotearoa NZ
Authors: Hudson-Doyle Emma , de Vilder Saskia
Published: March 2024

Much of Aotearoa NZ is hilly or mountainous and experiences high rainfall and frequent earthquakes. Consequently, landslides are an existing or potential hazard in many parts of the country, with the risk from landslides likely to increase with climate change. Cyclone Gabrielle (February 2023) highlighted the devasting impact of such landslides on people, property, and infrastructure networks. To increase the resilience of Aotearoa NZ to landslide-induced disasters, we need robust and consistent information that creates an evidence base to inform effective decision-making in the management of landslide risk nationwide, considering planners, policy-makers, emergency managers and government officials, lifeline and infrastructure managers, as well as other technical experts (e.g., engineers). This decision-relevant information needs to include when and where landslides occur, who and what they may impact, and how people, businesses, and communities perceive, mitigate, and respond to this hazard.In this presentation we will detail how the new Hōretireti Whenua / Sliding Lands five-year Endeavour programme will integrate social science into the development of new probabilistic and scenario-based, nationally applicable, landslide hazard and risk models that can incorporate climate change scenarios. We will first introduce the vision for the integrated landslide risk models which will include: a) probabilistic models of landslide susceptibility considering earthquakes and rain, b) landslide runout models considering diverse landslide types, c) the multi-hazard risk modelling tool (RiskScape) to integrate hazard and vulnerability model components into forecast models, and d) the MERIT Tool to quantify the socio-economic impact of landslide hazards.We will then present initial results from the first phase of associated social-science research that has mapped the range of decision maker needs for susceptibility, impact, and risk information, considering different decision sectors, demands, and timescales. Developed from this, a set of user personas and decision-scenarios will inform the effective communication of landslide risk across stakeholder groups, as well as inform effective application of the landslide risk models into decision-making for short-term risk management and long-term resilience. We will also present plans to investigate how individuals and organisations conceptualise landslide phenomena, models, and vulnerabilities using research techniques such as mental models and influence diagrams; with a view to integrating findings to not just improve communication of model outputs, but to also enhance decision-makers understanding of the national risk models. Through this we aim to increase effective uptake of these risk models into stakeholder decision-making across diverse organisations and sectors.
Growth of green manures under greenhouse: development of a plant selection for a sustainable soil management in Central Spain
Authors: García-Villarrubia Bernabé Carlos , Moreno Valencia Marta M. , López-Perez José A.
Published: March 2024

The application of green manure in agrarian soils is becoming a sustainable tool to improve soil quality and plant pathogen management. One of the expected characteristics of a plant to be used as a potential green manure is to produce a minimum amount of biomass in order to have sufficient material to perform their role adequately. Green manure management was selected to be included in a crop rotation in order to improve yield and sanitary properties. Five species were chosen due their beneficial properties: Brassica carinata cv Eleven, Camelina sativa cv Beemelina, Pisum sativum cv Viriato, Raphanus sativus cv Melody, and Tagetes patula cv Helen. Four replicates of each treatment were established. Seeds were sown after summer crop so that they grew enough to be applied as green manure before the establishment of the winter crop, Swiss chard. A seeded green manure planting scale has been developed to assess differences in germination when plants are at the 3-4 true leaf stage. The best growth and development was shown by R. sativus, probably due to its higher tolerance to thermic stress. After three seasons, the selected moment of implantation, right after the summer crop, showed a good performance of the selected green manures. Operational programme FEDER 2021-2027 Castilla-La Mancha: Development of strategies for mitigation and adaptation of agricultural soils to climate change
Plant diversification is associated with habitat disruption in the transient Hengduan Mountains
Authors: Chang Yaquan , Ding Wenna , He Junqing , Willett Sean , Gelwick Katrina , Zimmermann Niklaus , Pellissier Loic
Published: March 2024

Mountain regions harbor disproportionally high biodiversity levels on Earth, which can hardly be explained solely by contemporary climate and heterogeneity. The complex interactions between the geological and climate dynamics in the mountain system could provide a unique substrate for species to diversify, leading both to higher diversity and higher endemism in the mountains. The Hengduan Mountains region is a unique biodiversity hotspot outside of the tropics. It is characterized by complex geological and climate histories associated with the Indian-Eurasia plate collision and monsoon intensification shaping intense geomorphic processes. These unique and complex histories are expected to have shaped landscapes across millions of years, fostering the emergence of lineages. Using the clade level of phylogenies and species range maps, we generated the spatial pattern of diversification rate for 33 highly diversified clades in the Hengduan Mountains. These spatial clade diversification rate patterns are spatially associated with active deformation history in the past 15 Ma. In this talk, I will present hotspots of diversification rate and potential linkage to geological and climate processes. I will demonstrate that the diversification rate hotspots are concentrated in the Three Rivers Region, Dadu River, and Shangri-La Plateau in the Hengduan Mountains. Then I will show the elevational gradient of the diversification rate within these hotspots and link them to specific geological processes. Specifically, long-term erosion from low-temperature thermochronology indicates the deformation process in the recent 15 Ma associated with new habitat and high diversification speciation process in the Three Rivers region and Dadu River in the Hengduan Mountains. Moreover, the landscape transience characterized by divides migration and low relief surface formation may create habitat disruption and range fragmentation to increase allopatric speciation. Taken together, the high plant diversity of Hengduan Mountain may be caused by intense focalized geological processes generating new species from habitat disruption.
Perennial grain cultivation promotes functional nematode diversity in soil
Authors: Förster Alena , Hohberg Karin , Emmerling Christoph
Published: March 2024

Perennial cropping systems are known to highly support soil fauna and its diversity. This has already been investigated for grassland and bioenergy systems. Recently, perennial wheat (Kernza®) is increasingly recognised throughout European agriculture. However, the detailed impacts of perennial grain on soil functioning are not well investigated yet.Within the EU-Biodiversa project NAPERDIV nematode communities, among other research areas, were investigated in a Pan-European transect from South France to Belgium to South Sweden representing a climatic gradient from south to north and variations in soil conditions. Additionally, two soil depths (5-15 cm; 25-35 cm) were investigated.In total, nematodes from 31 families were identified, with the perennial cropping system having a greater number of taxa and biomass. Additionally, this cropping system was characterised with system stability and food web complexity due to greater proportions of predators and  omnivores and a higher maturity index, channel index and structure index as compared to annual wheat. In contrast, the enrichment index was highest in the annual cropping system, representing nutrient enrichment and rapid responses of opportunistic nematodes. Nematode diversity was greater for the upper soil depth.In summary, nematode communities mainly reflect the impact of land-use, tillage, fertilisation, and soil organic matter on their feeding behaviour. The promotion in diversity for the perennial cropping system for all study sites shows that differences in soil and climate conditions do not interfere with the beneficial effects of perennnial wheat.
Minimum duration of a Miocene lake phase in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert, Chile
Authors: Scheidt Stephanie , Koboth-Bahr Stefanie , Wennrich Volker , Albert Richard , Diederich-Leicher Julia L. , Blanco-Arrué Barbara N. , Leicher Niklas , Wallbrecht Lena , Yogeshwar Pritam , Melles Martin
Published: March 2024

In 2017, sediment cores were drilled in the PAG clay pan in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert as part of CRC1211 (Earth - Evolution at the Dry Limit). The aim of the endeavour was to deduce the climate history of this region from the sedimentary record. The core composite established from the individual core runs goes down to a depth of approx. 52 metres. The core is composed of three major lithological facies. Below 29.2 metre composite depth (mcd), the core consists of fine-grained silty-clayey sediments, which are cyclically interspersed with layers of gypsum. These sediments are interpreted as lacustrine strata. They are overlain by coarse sediments with clasts up to several centimetre in size, which are referred to as colluvial sediments. The upper around seven metre are formed by fine-grained clay pan sediments. The geochronological framework of the core was investigated using various dating methods, most of which were unable to provide reliable ages. For the lake sediments no absolute ages could be obtained. However, U-Pb ages of zircons of a tephra layers, at the transition between the lake and coarse-grained facies suggest a Miocene age for the lake deposits. To constrain the age framework of the lake phase, magnetic polarity stratigraphy was combined with an analysis of gypsum cyclicity that is interpreted as an orbital signal. Here, we present and discuss the results of the study, which provides a new age model for this lacustrine part of the core and thus, sheds new light on an extended pluvial phase in the Atacama Desert.
The impact of climate change on mercury in permafrost: insights from the ORCHIDEE-MICT-PEAT-LEAK model 
Authors: Sereni Laura , Guenet Bertrand , Angot Hélène
Published: March 2024

Arctic permafrost, with inherent low microbial activity, has historically immobilized soil organic matter (OM) and other substances such as mercury (Hg). Derived from both natural sources (e.g., forest fires, volcanism) and human activities, Hg is a highly toxic contaminant.As permafrost thaws, microbial activity reactivates, leading to the degradation of soil OM. Simultaneously, Hg, once sequestered with OM, is released into the environment. However, the extent of Hg remobilization and its subsequent fate remain uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, we are developing a continental model that focuses on the fate of Hg, particularly from permafrost, within the context of Arctic climate change.Given the strong affinity of Hg to OM, their cycles within the terrestrial biosphere are intricately interconnected. Leveraging the foundational framework of the ORCHIDEE land surface model, which mechanistically represents the production, transport, and transformation of organic carbon in soils and permafrost, we are integrating the Hg cycle.This model will be evaluated using available observational data, including soil cores with vertical and latitudinal gradients, as well as measurements of Hg riverine exports on a pan-Arctic scale. Then, the model will be used to estimate the quantities of Hg emitted into the atmosphere and rivers during permafrost thawing, along with the associated timing. Different climate change scenarios from CMIP6 will be used to assess the sensitivity of permafrost thaw and Hg emissions to varying climatic conditions.
Seawater intrusion and methane sequestration followed the retreat of the Fennoscandian ice sheet
Authors: ten Hietbrink Sophie , Patton Henry , Szymczycha Beata , Sen Arunima , Lepland Aivo , Knies Jochen , Kim Ji-Hoon , Chen Nai-Chen , Hong Wei-Li
Published: March 2024

The efficiency of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in transporting solutes into coastal environments during glacial periods remains poorly understood. Moreover, the absence of observational constraints on offshore groundwater emplacement times hinders our understanding of glacial-driven SGD timescales and subsequent solute fluxes. This knowledge gap presents challenges in predicting the impact of ice sheet collapse on critical solute discharge into peripheral oceans. An SGD site with methane seepage offshore northern Norway that experienced drastic changes due to Fennoscandian ice sheet dynamics offers insights into glacial-interglacial transitions and their consequences for offshore groundwater circulation. Radiocarbon (14C) contents of the dissolved inorganic carbon along with chlorinity contents of the upward-advected fluids reveal that the groundwater transit times of the seawater component coincide with the retreat of the Fennoscandian ice sheet from the continental shelf. This suggests that seawater intrusion replaced offshore freshening, flushing the freshened aquifer with seawater. Decelerating groundwater discharge velocities and aquifer salinization as a consequence of glacial unloading allowed the precipitation of authigenic carbonates, sequestering discharged methane. Reduced groundwater advection velocities facilitated the migration of the sulfate-methane transition zone into the marine sediments, while the aquifer salinization likely increased Ca2+ concentrations, promoting carbonate precipitation. Our geochemical evidence conclusively shows that the decreased hydraulic head gradients, coupled with aquifer salinization, mitigated the escape of methane from the subsurface.
Structural shifts in plant functional diversity during biogeomorphic succession: Moving beyond taxonomic investigations in an alpine glacier foreland
Authors: Haselberger Stefan , Junker Robert R. , Ohler Lisa-Maria , Otto Jan-Christoph , Kraushaar Sabine
Published: March 2024

The complex interrelation between plants and geomorphic processes is described in the concept of biogeomorphic succession. While ecological research on succession and community assembly has transitioned towards functional approaches, studies on functional diversity in biogeomorphic settings, particularly in glacier forelands, remain limited.In this study, we investigated abundance of vascular plant species and functional traits in an alpine glacier foreland using data from 199 plots. Our objective was to unravel the development of functional diversity during biogeomorphic succession. Specifically, the study determined whether structural shifts in functional diversity are associated with stability thresholds related to plant cover, geomorphic activity, and examined trait spectra for stages of biogeomorphic succession.Our findings revealed a non-linear trajectory of functional diversity along the plant cover gradient, marked by two distinct structural shifts at 30% and 74% cover, corresponding to established stability thresholds. Along the gradient of geomorphic influence, we observed an increase in functional diversity until 54% of the plot area was affected, beyond which functional diversity declined below the initial level. The analysis of community-weighted means of traits across four stages of biogeomorphic succession determined by plant cover and absence and presence of geomorphic influence revealed significant differences in trait values.In the transition to the biogeomorphic stage, associated with the identified initial structural shift, there is a shift from a prevalence of above-ground adaptation and reproductive traits, such as leaf longevity, structure, growth form, and mixed reproductive strategies, to an increased dominance of competitor species and traits related to below-ground structures, including root type and structures, as well as vegetative reproduction.Our results contribute to understanding the relationship between vegetation succession and geomorphic influence by linking them to plant functional traits. This study advances beyond traditional taxonomic investigations by emphasizing functional approaches to biogeomorphic succession. Moreover, the functional trait data used in this study, easily downloadable from a public repository, can serve as a valuable template for future research in (bio)geomorphology, along with the employed methodologies.
Overview of Secondary Ice Production In the Deep Convective Microphysics Experiment (DCMEX)
Authors: Hu Kezhen , Lloyd Gary , Wu HuiHui , Bower Keith , Flynn Mike , Marsden Nike , Choularton Tom , Daily Martin , Murray Ben , Coe Hugh , Connolly Paul , Nott Graeme , Reed Chris , Schledewitz Waldemar , Gallagher Martin , Blyth Alan
Published: March 2024

Secondary ice formation has long been a problem in cloud physics. This affects the radiation properties, precipitation development and the lifetime of mixed-phase clouds.  We conducted multiple flights over the Magdalena Mountain region in New Mexico to provide high-resolution information on the spatio-temporal distribution of ice phase evolution and the linkage between convective cloud thermodynamic and secondary ice processes. A combination of high-resolution cloud spectrometers (including 3VCPI, 2DS, HVPS, and CDP) were used to provide measurements of the evolution of cloud particle and precipitation concentrations, sizes, and morphology. Those data were used to identify and assess primary and secondary ice production (SIP) contributions compared with measured INP concentrations to characterise the frequency of SIP events, where precipitation particles first form and how they interact with cloud dynamics. The initial results suggest that most ice enhancement events in these clouds occurred in the temperature range of -5 °C to -10 °C, while occasionally even larger concentrations were observed between -22.5 °C and -25 °C. The results also show that observed secondary ice in the temperature range from -25 °C to -30 °C was more related to the updraft regions. The next step is to produce more detailed explanations and results by examining these data in conjunction with the cloud thermodynamic background. 
Analyzing impact cascades: an integrative approach for assessing the interconnected effects of extreme events across sectors and systems
Authors: Madruga de Brito Mariana , Sodoge Jan , Reckhaus Zora , Mahecha Miguel , Kuhlicke Christian
Published: March 2024

In today’s interconnected world, assessing the risks of extreme events has become increasingly complex. These events often trigger far-reaching consequences that spread throughout various sectors and systems due to complex interactions, resulting in compound and cascading impacts. While qualitative and quantitative approaches are commonly used separately in systemic impact research, we argue that methodological pluralism is necessary to address the complexity of these social-ecological systems. In this talk, we propose an integrative methodological approach for studying impact cascades and exemplify it via two case-study applications. The first focuses on using dimensionality reduction and pattern-mining techniques to assess spatiotemporal patterns in the occurrence of drought impacts in Germany. We explore how these patterns differ during multi-year drought events in contrast to short-lived droughts. Second, we leverage qualitative cognitive maps derived from 25 stakeholder interviews to investigate how drought impacts propagate in a case study in Thuringia, Germany. By using graph theory, we identify influential variables and show how pooling the knowledge of diverse stakeholder crowds can create new, emergent knowledge. We find that combining different methods helps revealing various facets of impact cascades and helps compensating for the limitations of individual methods. This can strengthen the research confidence as results that agree across different methods are less likely to be artefacts.
Exploring the importance of using a novel Smart City Geospatial Integrated Framework for supporting Cities participating in EU Mission for climate-neutral and smart cities by 2030: the case study of Limassol in Cyprus.
Authors: Papantoniou Antonis , Danezis Chris , Hadjimitsis Diofantos
Published: March 2024

Cities play a crucial role in climate neutrality because although they occupy only 4% of the EU land area, they host 75% of its population. In addition, they consume over 65% of global energy and account for more than 70% of global CO2 emissions. As climate change mitigation depends on urban action, the EU has decided to support cities in accelerating their green and digital transformation. The EU Mission on Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities aims to make the participating cities climate neutral and smart by 2030, in areas such as energy, waste management, transport, and buildings, to improve the quality of life. A WEBGIS Smart City Geospatial Framework has been developed for the Limassol Municipality in Cyprus. The establishment of a Smart City Geospatial Framework is imperative for several reasons. Firstly, it enables data-driven decision-making, allowing city officials to make informed choices about urban planning and resource allocation. Secondly, it enhances the efficiency of public services, such as transportation and emergency response, by leveraging real-time spatial data. Moreover, the framework promotes sustainability by providing insights into environmental factors, contributing to eco-friendly urban development. Lastly, the integration of geospatial technologies fosters citizen engagement, transparency, and overall improvement in the quality of life for urban residents. Under this WEBGIS smart city framework, the authors explore the importance of supporting the Limassol Municipality under the EU Mission for climate-neutral and smart cities by 2030 initiative, using the proposed WEBGIS smart city framework.  Results are presented using the GIS dashboard.
Significance of space weather impacts on Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) data
Authors: Schmölter Erik , Berdermann Jens
Published: March 2024

Safe and efficient management of the constantly growing air traffic is an important task. For that reason, the international civil aviation organization (ICAO) approved Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) system is used to share information (e.g. position, altitude and speed) between aircraft and air traffic control units. This improves the situational awareness and visibility of aircraft but also the environmental impact and air space capacity. Both applications of ADS, Broadcast (B) and Contract (C), rely on satellite-based communication and navigation services, which can be significantly disturbed by space weather impacts (e.g. loss of the signal and position errors). Therefore, related impacts are also observed for ADS records especially during extreme space weather events. We will present such impacts for both, ADS-B and ADS-C, with first results from an analysis covering periods with solar flares and geomagnetic storms. We will also discuss the challenge of differentiating space weather impacts from other influences. Finally, we will give an outlook how monitoring these impacts could contribute to space weather services.
Stratospheric and upper tropospheric measurements of long-lived tracers and photochemically active species of the nitrogen, chlorine, and bromine families with GLORIA-B
Authors: Wetzel Gerald , Johansson Sören , Friedl-Vallon Felix , Höpfner Michael , Catoire Valéry , Engel Andreas , Gulde Thomas , Jacquet Patrick , Kirner Oliver , Kleinert Anne , Kretschmer Erik , Laube Johannes , Maucher Guido , Neubert Tom , Nordmeyer Hans , Piesch Christof , Preusse Peter , Schuck Tanja , Ungermann Jörn , Woiwode Wolfgang
Published: March 2024

The Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) is a limb-imaging Fourier-Transform spectrometer (iFTS) providing mid-infrared spectra with high spectral sampling (0.0625 cm-1 in the wavelength range 780-1400 cm-1). GLORIA, a demonstrator for the Changing-Atmosphere Infra-Red Tomography Explorer (CAIRT, one of the remaining two candidates for the ESA Earth Explorer 11 mission) was deployed on the Russian M55 Geophysica and is still being deployed on HALO, the German high-altitude research aircraft. In order to enhance the vertical range of GLORIA to observations in the middle stratosphere albeit still reaching down to the middle troposphere, the instrument was adapted to measurements from stratospheric balloon platforms. GLORIA-B performed its first flight from Kiruna (northern Sweden) in August 2021 and its second flight from Timmins (Ontario/Canada) in August 2022 in the framework of the EU Research Infrastructure HEMERA.The objectives of GLORIA-B observations for these campaigns have been its technical qualification and the provision of a first imaging hyperspectral limb-emission dataset from 5 to 36 km altitude. Further, scientific objectives, which are, amongst many others, the diurnal evolution of photochemically active species belonging to the nitrogen (e.g. N2O5, NO2), chlorine (e.g. ClONO2), and bromine (BrONO2) families are discussed.In this contribution we demonstrate the performance of GLORIA-B with regard to level-2 data of the flight in August 2021, consisting of retrieved altitude profiles of a variety of trace gases. We will show examples of selected results together with uncertainty estimations, altitude resolution as well as long-lived tracer comparisons to accompanying in-situ datasets. In addition, diurnal variations of photochemically active gases are compared to simulations of the chemistry climate model EMAC. Calculations largely reproduce the temporal variations of the species observed by GLORIA-B.
Understanding water use strategies of Central European tree species in dependency on groundwater depth
Authors: Rohde Clara , Iraheta Alberto , Beyer Matthias , Demir Gökben , Dubbert Maren
Published: March 2024

In 2003, 2015, and 2018 extreme droughts caused severe depletion in soil water storage, decreased groundwater tables, and severe damage to forest ecosystems in Europe, such as increased mortality rate. In the future, such extreme droughts will be more likely to occur due to climate change. Therefore, it is crucial to understand and develop mitigation strategies and responses to reduced water availability of European trees for drought resilience.Tree species significantly differ in their response to drought. Isohydric trees, for example, which are often deep-rooted, close their stomata when sensing a change in soil water potential while anisohydric trees - often shallow-rooted - continue to transpire even when soil moisture declines. As a result, anisohydric trees have an increased risk of hydraulic failure under drought stress because of their high stomatal conductance. Moreover, it is assumed that deep-rooted trees are more resilient to droughts than shallow-rooted trees because these trees possess an enhanced capacity to better withstand periods of drought. However, when naturally deep-rooted and isohydric trees lose their stable water source connection they might be strongly susceptible to drought. In this study, we examine the different below and above-ground mitigation strategies of common central European tree species in a temperate climate.We chose a mixed forest stand composed of Fagus sylvatica L., Carpinus betulus L., Fraxinus excelsior L., and Quercus spp. trees on a hillslope in NW Germany where a natural gradient of groundwater distance (> 4 m top site, ~ 1.50 m valley) exists and variable rooting depths are found. Observations of soil and plant water status, as well as groundwater level at three hillslope positions (top, slope, valley), started in May 2023. Two point-dendrometers per tree species and hillslope position providing annual tree growth were used to determine tree water potential. Sap flow sensors (three per tree species and position) were installed to estimate plant water use and stem water content as well as for upscaling to tree and stand-level photosynthesis. All sensors will run another growing season for comparative analysis.Although the year 2023 was not particularly dry and no severe soil water depletion was observed, the first growing season measurements indicate that e.g. C. betulus and F. excelsior are performing better - i.e. showing higher sap flux velocities and higher growth rates - in the valley than at the top position. Potential reasons could include the proximity of the groundwater table in the valley, trees being less limited in their transpiration efforts. However, other factors such as differing shading and less competition to C. betulus trees, which are more abundant uphill, need to be explored further.
High-Resolution UAV Hyperspectral Imagery for Antarctic Research
Authors: Roman Alejandro , Tovar-Sánchez Antonio , Fernández-Marín Beatriz , Navarro Gabriel , Barbero Luis
Published: March 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a promising tool, providing exciting opportunities for Antarctic research. They constitute a non-invasive, repeatable, affordable, and time-efficient alternative to address the observational gap between satellite imagery and ground-based techniques. Additionally, they provide an unparalleled advantage for collecting data in remote and difficult-to-access regions, as is the case of a significant portion of the cryosphere. In the last few years, a rising number of studies have used a wide variety of multispectral sensors mounted on UAVs to describe vegetated areas, monitor penguin colonies, or detect changes on Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. The recent development of new hyperspectral (HS) sensors adapted to UAV platforms has enhanced the characterization of such heterogeneous ecosystems, combining an unprecedented scale in spectral and spatial resolutions for better discrimination in smaller and sparser areas within the Antarctic ecosystem. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of the synergy between HS technology and UAV imagery to address important and diverse ecological issues on Antarctic environments, including the spectral characterization of penguin colony ecosystems and the detection of massive snow algae blooms on glacial formations. Furthermore, this methodology has been validated using in-situ spectroradiometry and has been applied in conjunction with other remote sensing techniques, such as UAV-based multispectral technology and satellite imagery, to cover broader regions in a climate change context.
Building industry resilience through seasonal forecast briefings to Australian marine stakeholders heading into the 2023/24 summer
Authors: Spillman Claire , Hobday Alistair , Smith Grant , Hartog Jason
Published: March 2024

Heading into a potential El Niño in 2023/24, concern was high amongst Australian marine stakeholders regarding potential marine heatwave impacts on marine industries and systems in the coming summer. Targeted climate outlook briefings for the Great Barrier Reef and Western Australian coral reefs have been provided prior to and throughout the summer months by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for the past 10-15 years, however in 2023 these were requested much earlier than usual. Also in 2023, national level seafood-focused briefings were requested by the fisheries sector for the first time, with various state and regional level meetings and information requests also occurring.Subseasonal to seasonal forecast information played a critical role in these briefings, providing both the big picture in terms of climate drivers impacting Australian waters as well as regional information regarding sea surface temperatures around Australia. These forecast products are operationally produced by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology using the seasonal prediction system ACCESS-S. Clear communication of forecast probabilities and model skill was essential. New prototype marine heatwave forecasts were also presented to marine stakeholders, indicating where there was a high likelihood of marine heatwaves occurring in the upcoming season, together with likely severity. Demand for this new information on temperatures extremes was high and provided impetus for setting up coordinated briefings and response plans across sectors.Forecasts can provide a 'preparation window' for marine stakeholders to implement proactive management strategies prior to high-risk conditions, noting however that not all industries have the same level of agility to respond. Subseasonal to seasonal forecast tools, that are useful, usable and used, provide valuable information to assist marine stakeholders in managing climate risk and vulnerability in a warming climate.