bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of homoeopathic treatment of dermatitis.
Authors: Singh Swati , Sheetal Ajit Patil
Published: April 2023

Dermatitis refers to a wide range of skin irritations and rashes produced by a variety of causes such as heredity, an overactive immune system, infections, allergies, irritating substances, and more. The symptoms of dry skin, redness, and itching are all frequent.1,3 When compared to conventional medication, the treatment of skin disorders with homoeopathic remedies appears to be safer and more satisfactory to the patient, with an improvement in quality of life and general health.2 This review article is written after studying many homoeopathic and dermatitis papers which shows some very positive results of homoeopathic medicine done on dermatitis and in skin disease. Articles published between 2005 to 2021 were included in review. MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, reference lists, and expert textbooks were used to gather information. Although we are supposing to do more research in field of homoeopathy as well as dermatology for some better results and proof. The goal of this systematic review is to summaries and critically evaluate the evidence from clinical trials and other study, as well as to assess the efficacy of homoeopathy as a dermatitis treatment.
Adhesive capsulitis: a review of current clinical treatments
Authors: Sarkar Aninda
Published: April 2023

Adhesive Capsulitis of the shoulder or arthrofibrosis describes a pathological process in which the body forms excessive scar tissue or adhesions across the glenohumeral joint, leading to pain, stiffness, and dysfunction. It is a debilitating condition that can occur spontaneously (primary or idiopathic adhesive capsulitis) or following shoulder surgery or trauma (secondary adhesive capsulitis). Here we review the pathophysiology of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, highlighting its clinical presentation, natural history, risk factors, pathoanatomy, and pathogenesis. Both current non-operative and operative treatments for adhesive capsulitis are discussed and evidence-based studies are presented in support of or against each corresponding treatment. Research carried out in the MEDLINE/ PubMed / Research gate/ Google scholars using Mesh Terms: “adhesive capsulitis”, “frozen shoulder”, and “treatment”. The articles in English published were selected, after which non-relevant articles were excluded based on the title, reading of the abstract, and full article. Physical therapy along with medication has proven to be beneficial either isolated or concomitantly with other therapeutic approaches. Alternate options like capsular distension, manipulation under anesthesia, and arthroscopic surgery have reported good results, especially in refractory cases. No significant benefits were found with the use of oral corticosteroids, NSAIDs, or acupuncture. New treatment options are currently being tested with promising results. There are several effective options for the treatment of Adhesive capsulitis. In the early stages, conservative measures should be chosen with special emphasis on physical therapy within the limits of pain associated with low-dose intra-articular injection of corticosteroids. More invasive treatment options should be suggested namely capsular distention and manipulation under anesthesia.
Efficacy of Kumkum as a Surrogate for Eosin in Routine Histological Sections: An Observational Study
Authors: Thajudeen Ayeesha Sithika , Begum Rameejan , Nivetha S , Jayapriya J
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Stains are a crucial component of laboratory procedure. They help in highlighting the different tissues, both normal and abnormal, which plays an important role in diagnostic histopathology. Synthetic dyes are utilised for majority of the stains in histology. Among the natural surrogates studied, Kumkum is less researched. Aim: To compare the staining characteristics of Kumkum, which imparts red colour as an alternative to eosin. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted at Histopathology section, Pathology department at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute for a period of six months from January 2022 to June 2022. In 50 tissue blocks, each was made into two sections and one was stained with routine Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), while the other was stained with Haematoxylin and Kumkum solution (H&K). The Cellular Architecture (CA) (based on distinct or indistinct nucleus, cytoplasm) and quality of staining (poor, satisfactory or good) of H&E and H&K solution was compared and a scoring system was given. The scores were analysed with Chi-square test using SPSS software (version 25). Results: Out of 100 slides, 45 (90%) stained with H&E and 48 (96%) with H&K showed distinct CA. A total of 47 slides (94%) stained with H&K and 41 (82%) with H&E showed good quality of staining. Conclusion: Kumkum solution appears to be an efficient counterstain in place of eosin in highlighting the normal structures in histopathological sections. It highlighted the RBCs in the arteries and cytoplasm of the cells in glandular and squamous epithelium better than or equally good as eosin.
Laboratory and Imaging Profile of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Record Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Manjunath PR , Narayanan Prem , Pavithran Praveen V , Bhavani Nisha , Kumar Harish , Nair Vasantha , Menon V Usha , Abraham Nithya
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an uncommonly diagnosed symptomatic disease that occurs in India. Unlike the Western countries where the disease is asymptomatic, the various manifestations that occur are skeletal, muscular, and renal. Studies on PHPT from developing countries like India, have shown that symptomatic PHPT is still common as compared to developed countries. Data on PHPT from Kerala (a state with health indices comparable to the Western world) are lacking. Aim: To compare the preoperative and postoperative calcium and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) levels among the participants. Materials and Methods: A record-based retrospective study was conducted at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, in the Department of Endocrinology. All 116 patients who had PHPT from January 2013 to December 2019 were included in the study. The data available in the hospital records were analysed for various laboratory values and imaging diagnoses. The preoperative and postoperative calcium and PTH levels were compared. Data were analysed by paired sample t-test. (Wilcoxon sign-rank test). The data analysis was done using coGuide. Results: The mean age was 53.42±14.89 years in the study population. Among 116 subjects, (46 (39.66%) were males and 70 (60.34%) were females) eighty-three (71.55%) had the symptomatic disease. The majority, 80 (68.97%) participants underwent single parathyroidectomy. The difference between pre-operative and post-operative calcium and PTH was statistically significant (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: PHPT largely occurs in the fifth decade of life, and the majority were symptomatic. Females were more affected compared to males in the present study. Preoperative imaging is recommended in routine practice.
Outcome of Miniperc Technique in Paediatric Age Group: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Ponnusamy Periasamy , Sundaram Rajasekar , Ramakrishnan Rajkumar , Sammohit Gulakavarapu , Poovathai Senthil Kumar
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Reducing the Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) tract size in paediatric patients with renal stones reduces the morbidity associated with the procedure. Miniperc (Mini PCNL) is a modification of standard PCNL using small size instruments. Aim: To evaluate the postoperative outcome of Miniperc technique in the treatment of renal stones in paediatric age group. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective interventional study conducted at the Department of Urology, Govt. Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College & Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India from January 2020 to January 2022. There were 25 patients of renal stone disease belonging to paediatric age group (<8 years), operated by a single surgeon with the Miniperc technique. For all the cases 14F-16F sheaths, 12 Fr Nephroscope and 8-9.5 Fr semirigid ureteroscope, pneumatic lithotripsy and 30-Watt Holmium laser as energy sources were used. Stone-Free Rate (SFR), operative time, hospital stay, and complication rates were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Results: The mean age of the children was 5.2±3.2 years and the average stone size was 1.9 cm. Mean operative time was 74 minutes. The mean hospital stay was 1.5 days. The overall SFR was 89.7%, (N=22) which increased after secondary procedures to 94.12% (N=23). Intraoperative bleeding was seen in 3 (12%) patients and postoperative fever in 4 (16%) patients. Conclusion: Miniperc is a promising and safe technique for paediatric renal stone disease management.
Management Strategies and Outcomes of Paediatric Blunt Abdominal Trauma at a Tertiary Care Centre in South Kerala: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Joseph Liya
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Blunt abdominal trauma is a leading cause of injury in paediatric population. The management of paediatric abdominal injury has shifted from Operative Management (OM) to Non Operative Management (NOM) over years. NOM is the standard treatment for clinically stable patients with blunt trauma abdomen. Aim: To describe retrospectively the management strategies and outcomes of paediatric patients with blunt abdominal trauma in a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational record-based study that included 96 medical records of children admitted in Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, with blunt trauma abdomen from January 2018 to December 2022. Patients were characterised according to the treatment they received as- NOM and OM. Ultrasound Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (USG FAST) and Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) abdomen were done in all the patients. The factors recorded were- age, gender, mechanism of injury, concomitant injury, tachycardia, hypotension, respiratory rate, blood transfusion requirement, injuries (American Association of Surgery of Trauma (AAST) organ injury scale), length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospital stay and mortality. Univariate analysis of the clinical features were done using Chi-square test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 27.0 statistical software. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: About 83 patients (86.46%) were in NOM group while 13 patients (13.54%) were in OM group. The most common age group involved was 6-12 years with male predominance. Median age was 9.2 years. The most common mechanism of injury was road traffic accident 31 (32.29%). Among 84 patients with isolated solid organ injury, only 5 (5.9%) required surgical intervention. Among nine patients with isolated hollow viscous injury, 5 (55.5%) required surgical intervention. All 3 (100%) patients with both hollow viscous and solid organ injury required surgery. Hypotension and blood transfusion requirement were statistically significant factors in the OM group p<0.05. Complications, length of hospital and ICU stay were more in operatively managed group with mortality rate of 1.04%. Conclusion: The success of NOM of blunt trauma abdomen depends on proper selection of the patient. Patients who are haemodynamically stable can be safely managed non operatively with adequate monitoring in a tertiary care centre.
Биологический вид — реальность или абстракция? Занимательная история про двух овсянок, "Природа"
Authors: Рубцов А.С.
Published: April 2023

Главный вопрос в проблеме вида: существуют ли виды на самом деле или это лишь абстрактная таксономическая категория, придуманная систематиками для описания биологического разнообразия Решить дилемму «либо виды без эволюции, либо эволюция без видов» можно, логически обосновав, что переходных форм между подвидом и видом должно быть мало. В рамках биологической концепции вида таким обоснованием служит гипотеза усиления: в гибридной зоне естественный отбор направлен на совершенствование механизмов этологической изоляции, т.е. при установлении вторичного контакта процесс видообразования ускоряется. Ключевым моментом этой гипотезы является утверждение о пониженной приспособленности гибридов, возникающей вследствие разрушения у них коадаптированных генных комплексов родительских форм, механизм формирования которых описывает модель Добржанского—Мёллера. С целью оценки эффективности механизмов репродуктивной изоляции и жизнеспособности гибридов проведен многолетний мониторинг гибридной популяции обыкновенной и белошапочной овсянок на Алтае. Оказалось, что гибриды действительно меньше живут, чем птицы с фенотипами родительских видов, что подтверждает гипотезу Добржанского—Мёллера, хотя гипотеза усиления в данном случае своего подтверждения не находит.
Тяжеловесы в мире минералов: россовскиит, иксиолит и другие тантало-ниобаты, "Природа"
Authors: Расцветаева Р.К.
Published: April 2023

Новый минерал россовскиит (Fe,Ta)(Nb,Ti)O, принадлежащий семейству тантало-ниобатов, найден в гранитных пегматитах Алтайских гор в Западной Монголии. Структура минерала топологически аналогична структуре иксиолита с такими же параметрами ячейки, но отличается упорядочением катионов с понижением симметрии от ромбической с пространственной группой Pbcn до моноклинной — с пространственной группой Р2/c. Тантало-ниобаты разнообразны по размерам ячейки, симметрии и катионному упорядочению, а некоторые из них служат источником ниобия и тантала. В статье рассказывается об изучении и открытии минерала россовскиита и описываются родственные ему члены семейства тантало-ниобатов.
Среда обитания: параметры порядка, самоорганизация, "Природа"
Authors: Малинецкий Г.Г.
Published: April 2023

Сегодня мы оказались в парадоксальной ситуации — несмотря на огромные усилия человечества в экономической, технологической, образовательной, научной и культурной сферах, оно находится совсем не в той точке своего развития, в которой хотелось бы. Как же изменить эту ситуацию Ответ прост: надо изменить человека и среду его обитания. Но по сути человек, преобразуя окружающую среду, меняет одни угрозы на другие. Хотелось бы уметь предсказывать результат. Однако возможности и людей, и научного описания реальности ограничены.
По следам голоценовых сильных землетрясений острова Итуруп, "Природа"
Authors: Пинегина Т.К. , Разжигаева Н.Г. , Дегтерёв А.В. , Хомчановский А.Л.
Published: April 2023

На о.Итуруп впервые проведены палеосейсмологические исследования с целью поиска вертикальных косейсмических деформаций, связанных с сильнейшими землетрясениями в южном сегменте Курило-Камчатской зоны субдукции. Выявлены следы шести землетрясений со средним интервалом между событиями около 330 лет. Последнее землетрясение, вызвавшее косейсмическое опускание острова, вероятно, произошло 6 ноября 1958 г.
«У МЕНЯ МНОГО РАСХОЖДЕНИЙ ЧУТЬ ЛИ НЕ СО ВСЕМИ»: ПИСЬМА М.Я. СЮЗЮМОВА А.И. НЕУСЫХИНУ, "Средние века"
Authors: Цыпкина А.Г.
Published: April 2023

Автор публикации знакомит читателя с письмами византиниста М.Я. Сюзюмова медиевисту, исследователю варварских правд А.И. Неусыхину. Эти письма из личного фонда А.И. Неусыхина никогда раньше не публиковались, хотя однажды цитировались в научной литературе. Значимость этого источника велика как для научных дискуссий о феодализме в целом и надлежащего применения этого термина, так и для истории науки, особенно учитывая факт, что ответных писем А.И. Неусыхина М.Я. Сюзюмову в фонде последнего не сохранилось. Во вступительной статье рассматриваются краткая биография М.Я. Сюзюмова и его отношения с А.И. Неусыхиным, особенности его научных дискуссий о феодализме с коллегами – исследователями западного и византийского средневековья (Е.В. Гутновой, З.В. Удальцовой, А.И. Неусыхиным, А.П. Кажданом и др.). В советское время взгляды М.Я. Сюзюмова на феодализм в Византии критиковались ведущими исследователями Западной Европы, а ответы М.Я. Сюзюмова на возражения коллег в печать либо не допускались, либо публиковались со значительной правкой, которая подчас меняла смысл его воззрений. Критикует М.Я. Сюзюмов и основополагающие для науки того времени предложенные И.В. Сталиным определения феодального строя. В сохранившихся письмах возможно прочитать аргументацию выдающегося исследователя без купюр и правок, которую он в частной беседе излагает достаточно ярко и эмоционально. Будучи уверенным в своей правоте, ученый вполне осознанно пишет: «У меня много расхождений чуть ли не со всеми, и я совершенно не склонен уступать почти ни в чем».
С КЕМ БУДЕТ ДРУЖИТЬ РОССИЙСКАЯ НАУКА, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Дежина И.
Published: April 2023

Расширение международной кооперации в различных формах – характерная черта современной науки. Благодаря ему облегчаются доступ к знаниям и технологиям, разделяются финансовые затраты, и становится проще решать междисциплинарные задачи. Международное взаимодействие повышает “видимость” результатов исследований и цитируемость научных статей. Более того, эконометрические исследования показывают, что интегрированность в мировую науку коррелирует с более высокими темпами развития не только науки, но и экономическим ростом.
Morphometric Study of the Breast in Nulliparous Nigerian Females at the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Edibamode Ezon-Ebidor Innocent , Bob-Manuel Ibinabo Fubara , Hart Tamunoiyowunam Peace
Published: April 2023

Background: The breast, also known as the mammary gland, is an essential aesthetic feature in a woman. Anthropometric breast measurements are vital for research and in reconstructive surgery as a quantitative tool for preoperative and postoperative evaluation.

Aim: This study aimed to measure morphometric parameters of the breast of nulliparous Nigerian females to establish reference baseline data for the region.

Methodology: In this prospective descriptive and analytical study, 66 female students from the University of Port-Harcourt in Rivers State, Nigeria, ranging in age from 16 to 30, were used. Various morphometric parameters were observed and measured using measuring tape, a metre rule, and skin markers in a standing position. Descriptive and inferential analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.

Results: Most of the mean values of the measured anthropometric parameters of the left breast were higher than the right but displayed no significant difference except the nipple and mammary projections, which showed a significant difference between the right and left breasts. This study on the morphometry of the female breast revealed the slender and severe ptosis shapes as the most prevalent breast shapes, while the least prevalent were the bell and pseudoptosis breast shapes. The mammary size volume showed the left breast to be significantly bigger than the right, while of all the breast parameters analysed, the nipple projection (left) and mammary projection (right) displayed significant differences in this study, with all the right and left measured breast parameters indicating a positive correlation.

Conclusion: The values from this study can be used as a guide by plastic surgeons providing services to females of African descent requiring aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgeries, as well as in physical anthropological studies and racial identification.
Physico-Biochemical Property Evaluation of Certain Promising Varieties of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Kumar Nand , Shah Maksud Hasan , Mandal Shreya , Singh Shakti , Khan Anam , Singh Barinderjit , Singh Laukesh
Published: April 2023

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), often known as gramme or Bengal gramme, is a self-pollinated leguminous crop with diploid annual (2n = 16 chromosomes) that belongs to the family Leguminosae and subfamily Papilionaceae. During the Rabi season, it is the most significant crop in India. Chickpeas are a high-energy, high protein, and low carbohydrate food. Gram is a grain that is utilised for both human consumption and animal feed. It comes in flour, whole grain, roasted, and cocked varieties. The most common forms consumed by people are salted Dahl or sweet concoctions, as well as green foliage and grain as vegetables. In the Rabi season, 60% of pulses are grown, and 40% in the Kharif season. Chickpeas are high in calories, protein, minerals, vitamins, and fibre that may be useful to one's health. For biochemical characteristics on selected potential genotypes/varieties of chickpea [Cicer arietinum (L)], seeds of chickpea genotypes/varieties were obtained from legume Breeder, Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, CSAUAT, Kanpur. The experiment was planned in the Department's Research Laboratory in order to achieve the goals of their research. Dhal percent, husk percentages, broken dal, percentage loss in processing, protein, test weight, grain yield quintal/ha, were 71.40-82.92g, 7.50-17.74 percent, 2.00-5.60 percent, 20.85-23.95 percent, 21.45-27.70g, 21-30q/ha, respectively. In genotypes K3256, Avrodhi, KGD1296, KGD2021, K3256, K3256 of the varietal trail, lower husk percentage, broken percentage, and processing loss were identified, as well as greater nutritional elements such as protein content also identified.
A Study on Income Inequality and Nutritional Status of Children in Rural Areas of Jammu and Kashmir: Evidence from Jammu District, India
Authors: Kumar Ajay
Published: April 2023

Children nutritional status is a powerful indicator of nutrition security and well-being of individual and reflects the nutritional and poverty situation of household. Good nutritional status of children under five years of age is very crucial for the foundation of a healthy life. This study is a small attempt to highlight the extent of malnutrition in rural areas of Jammu district on the basis of households’ economic status. It empirically investigates the relationship between income inequality and nutritional status of children under age of five years of age (stunting) in the rural areas of Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir. To determine the prevalence of undernutrition among different income groups of rural households, the study uses the data of a primary household survey. In order to measure the level of undernutrition (stunting), gender-specific anthropometric z-scores for height-for-age are calculated by using new child growth standards which are developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO).  The study finds that children from households in the poorest quintile have significantly higher odds of stunting compared to those in the highest income quintile. The study revealed a negative association between income and the prevalence of stunting in the study area. It means the proportion of stunted children under five years of age decreases as the level of income increases among rural households. The study suggests that the government can help improve the nutritional status of children by taking important policy initiatives that addresses income inequality and poverty in rural areas.
Psicologia e Políticas Públicas no Brasil: Convergências nas Práxis do Campo Profi ssional
Authors: Oliveira Fernando F. , Coelho Susanne G. , Santos José Alexandre , Duarte Franciely L. , Faria Maria Elisa L
Published: April 2023

This project aimed to understand how Psychology, in the fi eld of public policies, can present characteristics and similarities that lead to understanding the sense of unity in professional practice, in different areas of activity. It was a documentary, bibliographical and qualitative research, which used Bardin’s Content Analysis techniques for the critical interpretation of offi cial documents (CREPOP’s Technical References and Resolutions for professional practice) and theoretical bases. For the analyses, the MAXQDA was used considering variables/markers and their meanings, together with the reading of documents on attributions and professional practices of Psychology. The References analyzed dealt with the work in Psychology in the following spaces: Brazilian Health System Hospital Services; Human Mobility and Transit; Primary Health Care; Psychosocial Units and, Emergencies and Disasters. Once the analysis corpus was built, the most frequent results in the categorization of main terms were: Treatment (70), Reception (53) and Prevention/Promotion (45). Once the concepts were constructed for each category, treatment and promotion/prevention stood out – such as strategies and interventions aimed at minimizing mental health problems –, as well as autonomy and improving the quality of life of the person assisted. Recognizing the limits of the methodological framework, it was observed that a single defi nition for the work in Psychology was not feasible, while demonstrating possibilities of understanding transversal and common practices to envision a sense of unity, with social commitment, and that respects the particularities and breadth of this science and profession.Keywords: Psychology, professional practice, public policies, social commitment
As Ozempic’s Popularity Soars, Here’s What to Know About Semaglutide and Weight Loss
Authors: Suran Melissa
Published: April 2023

This Medical News article discusses chronic weight management with semaglutide, sold under the brand names Ozempic and Wegovy.
Intravenous Sodium Thiosulphate for Calciphylaxis of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wen Wen , Portales-Castillo Ignacio , Seethapathy Rituvanthikaa , Durant Olivia , Mengesha Beza , Krinsky Scott , Kroshinsky Daniela , Kalim Sahir , Goverman Jeremy , Nazarian Rosalynn M. , Chitalia Vipul , Malhotra Rajeev , Kramann Rafael , Malhotra Cindy K. , Nigwekar Sagar U.
Published: April 2023

Importance

Calciphylaxis is a rare disease with high mortality mainly involving patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sodium thiosulphate (STS) has been used as an off-label therapeutic in calciphylaxis, but there is a lack of clinical trials and studies that demonstrate its effect compared with those without STS treatment.

Objective

To perform a meta-analysis of the cohort studies that provided data comparing outcomes among patients with calciphylaxis treated with and without intravenous STS.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using relevant terms and synonyms including sodium thiosulphate and calci* without language restriction.

Study Selection

The initial search was for cohort studies published before August 31, 2021, that included adult patients diagnosed with CKD experiencing calciphylaxis and could provide a comparison between patients treated with and without intravenous STS. Studies were excluded if they reported outcomes only from nonintravenous administration of STS or if the outcomes for CKD patients were not provided.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Random-effects models were performed. The Egger test was used to measure publication bias. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Skin lesion improvement and survival, synthesized as ratio data by a random-effects empirical Bayes model.

Results

Among the 5601 publications retrieved from the targeted databases, 19 retrospective cohort studies including 422 patients (mean age, 57 years; 37.3% male) met the eligibility criteria. No difference was observed in skin lesion improvement (12 studies with 110 patients; risk ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.85-1.78) between the STS and the comparator groups. No difference was noted for the risk of death (15 studies with 158 patients; risk ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.70-1.10) and overall survival using time-to-event data (3 studies with 269 participants; hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.57-1.18). In meta-regression, lesion improvement associated with STS negatively correlated with publication year, implying that recent studies are more likely to report a null association compared with past studies (coefficient = −0.14; P = .008).

Conclusions and Relevance

Intravenous STS was not associated with skin lesion improvement or survival benefit in patients with CKD experiencing calciphylaxis. Future investigations are warranted to examine the efficacy and safety of therapies for patients with calciphylaxis.
Exposure to Neighborhood Racialized Economic Segregation and Reinjury and Violence Perpetration Among Survivors of Violent Injuries
Authors: Pino Elizabeth C. , Jacoby Sara F. , Dugan Elizabeth , Jay Jonathan
Published: April 2023

Importance

Much is unknown about how individual and neighborhood factors converge in the association with risk for violent reinjury and violence perpetration.

Objectives

To investigate the association of exposure to neighborhood racialized economic segregation with reinjury and use of violence against others among survivors of violent penetrating injury.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study was performed using data obtained from hospital, police, and state vital records. The study was performed at Boston Medical Center, an urban, level I trauma center that is the largest safety-net hospital and busiest trauma center in New England. The cohort included all patients treated for a nonfatal violent penetrating injury from 2013 to 2018. Patients with no Boston metropolitan area home address were excluded. Individuals were followed up through 2021. Data were analyzed from February to August 2022.

Exposure

American Community Survey data were used to measure neighborhood deprivation using the racialized economic Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) for patient residential address upon hospital discharge. ICE was measured on a scale from −1 (most deprived) to 1 (most privileged).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were violent reinjury and police-reported perpetration of violence within 3 years of an index injury.

Results

Of 1843 survivors of violence (median [IQR] age, 27 [22-37] years; 1557 men [84.5%]; 351 Hispanic [19.5%], 1271 non-Hispanic Black [70.5%], and 149 non-Hispanic White [8.3%] among 1804 patients with race and ethnicity data), the cohort was skewed toward residing in neighborhoods with higher racialized economic segregation (median [IQR] ICE = −0.15 [−0.22 to 0.07]) compared with the state overall (ICE = 0.27). There were police encounters for violence perpetration among 161 individuals (8.7%) and violent reinjuries among 214 individuals (11.6%) within 3 years after surviving a violent penetrating injury. For each 0.1-unit increase in neighborhood deprivation, there was a 13% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.25; P = .01) increase in risk of violence perpetration but no difference in risk for violent reinjury (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.11; P = .38). The greatest occurrence for each outcome was within the first year after index injury; for example, incidents of violence perpetration occurred among 48 of 614 patients (7.8%) at year 1 vs 10 of 542 patients (1.8%) at year 3 in tertile 3 of neighborhood deprivation.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that living in a more economically deprived and socially marginalized area was associated with increased risk of using violence against others. The finding suggests that interventions may need to include investments in neighborhoods with the highest levels of violence to help reduce downstream transmission of violence.
Impact of reduced night work on shift workers’ sleep using difference-in-difference estimation
Authors: Kim Se-Eun , Lee Hye-Eun , Koo Jung-Wan
Published: April 2023

Objectives

We used a quasi-experimental design to investigate the impact of a change in the shift work system by reducing overnight work on the sleep health of workers.

Methods

A difference-in-difference (DID) analysis was used to investigate changes in sleep time and sleep quality between the experimental group (shift workers, N = 116 in 2007 and N = 118 in 2013) and the control group (regular day workers, N = 256 in 2007 and N = 185 in 2013) before and after a change in the shift system that eliminated overnight work. The sleep outcomes were measured using a questionnaire that inquired about sleep duration, mid-sleep awakenings, and subjective sleep quality. We used a generalized estimating equation model to investigate differences in the prevalence of sleep-related outcomes between baseline and post-intervention.

Results

In the DID models, the sleep time per day (+0.5 h), the prevalence of awakening during sleep (−13.9%), and self-reported poor sleep quality (−34.9%) were improved with statistical significance during evening shifts in the experimental group, but there was no significant change during day shifts in the experimental group compared to the control group after the implementation of the new shift system without overnight shift.

Conclusions

Quitting overnight work improved sleep health of shift workers.
Efficient Large Area All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells Fabricated by Slot‐Die Coating with Nonhalogen Solvent
Authors: Liu Yanan , Zhang Jianqi , Tian Chenyang , Shen Yifan , Wang Tong , Zhang Hao , He Chang , Qiu Dingding , Shi Yanan , Wei Zhixiang
Published: April 2023

The commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs) requires the use of roll‐to‐roll coating technology. However, it is generally believed that all‐small‐molecule (ASM) systems cannot form high‐quality films in most film‐fabrication technologies except for spin coating, mainly due to their strong crystallinity and low solution viscosity. Herein, it is found that the small molecule donor and acceptor system with strong intermolecular interaction can weaken the molecular self‐aggregation during film formation. As a result, all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells (ASM‐OSCs) are successfully fabricated using the green solvent tetrahydrofuran via spin coating as well as slot‐die coating technology. Under the optimal conditions, the devices achieve power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.05% and 13.41% prepared by spin coating and slot‐die coating, respectively. Moreover, a large‐area device with an area of 1 cm2 achieve a PCE of 10.65% by slot‐die coating. The study of the device performance and the active layer morphology reveal a unique film optimization mechanism in ASM‐OSCs. In the slot‐die coating process, a high‐quality film is formed due to the significantly suppressed crystallinity of the small molecule donor; with further thermal annealing, the crystallization‐induced phase separation enables an optimized morphology. This study proves that high‐performance ASM‐OSCs can be fabricated by the industrial‐compatible method.
Spontaneous Hybrid Nano‐Domain Behavior of the Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Tuo Ping , Li Lei , Wang Xiaoxu , Chen Jianhui , Zhong Zhicheng , Xu Bo , Dai Fu‐Zhi
Published: April 2023

In hybrid perovskites, the organic molecules and inorganic frameworks exhibit distinct static and dynamic characteristics. Their coupling will lead to fascinating phenomena, such as large polarons, dynamic Rashba–Dresselhaus effects, etc. In this paper, deep potential molecular dynamics (DPMD) is employed, a large‐scale MD simulation scheme with DFT accuracy, to study hybrid perovskites formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) and methylamonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). A spontaneous hybrid nano‐domain behavior, namely multiple molecular rotation nano‐domains embedded into a single [PbI6]4− octahedra rotation domain, is first discovered at low temperatures. The behavior originates from the interplay between the long range order of molecular rotation and local lattice deformation, and clarifies the puzzling structural features of FAPbI3 at low temperatures. The work provides new insights into the structural characteristics and stability of hybrid perovskite, as well as new ideas for the structural characterization of organic–inorganic coupled systems.
A Robust and Adhesive Hydrogel Enables Interfacial Coupling for Continuous Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Hao Sanwei , Dai Rengang , Fu Qingjin , Wang Yicong , Zhang Xinrui , li Hu , liu Xidie , Yang Jun
Published: April 2023

Continuous temperature monitoring by flexible hydrogel‐based electronics achieves rapid advances, overcoming the drawbacks of rigid and unportable thermocouples. However, an open question is whether and how the thermosensitive hydrogel designing can prevent mechanical mismatching between devices and skin‐tissues and reduces interfacial failure. Herein, a versatile hydrogel‐based thermistor epidermal sensor (HTES) paradigm is engineered consisting of thermosensitive and self‐adhesive function layer (PEST) in tandem with a surface spraying Ag interdigital electrode. Leveraging the advantage of catechol chemistry inspired tannic acid‐coated cellulose nanocrystals, the resultant PEST achieves the adhesion‐cohesion equilibrium along with superior thermosensitivity. The assembled HTES thereby yields unprecedented features of superior thermosensitivity (TCR = 1.43% °C−1), exceptional mechanical integrity (hammering 200 cycles, current variation <9%), impressive interfacial compatibility (adhesion strength, 25 kPa), and environmental stability (thermosensation retention of 98% over 5 days). By in‐situ microstructure observation, the unique geometrical synchronization of HTES with arbitrary curvilinear surfaces (e.g., sphere, cone, and saddle) stemming from elastic dissipation and discrete rupture of the adhesive fibrillar bridges is validated, affording competitive advantages than that of the state‐of‐the‐art thermistor electronics for alleviating the interfacial deterioration, which dramatically inspires advanced HTES design strategies and paves the way for commercialization of attachable thermistor electronics.
Growing Structure Based on Viscous Actuation of Constrained Multistable Elements
Authors: Ben Abu Ezra , Veksler Yaron , Elbaz Shai , Zigelman Anna , Gat Amir D.
Published: April 2023

Growing soft materials which follow a three dimensional (3D) path in space are critical to applications such as search and rescue and minimally invasive surgery. Herein, a concept for a single‐input growing multi‐stable soft material, based on a constrained straw‐like structure is presented. This class of materials are capable of maneuvering and transforming their configuration by elongation while executing multiple turns. This is achieved by sequenced actuation of bi‐stable frusta with predefined constraints. Internal viscous flow and variations in the stability threshold of the individual cells enable sequencing and control of the robot's movement so as to follow a desired 3D path as the structure grows. A theoretical description of the shape and dynamics resulting from a particular set of constraints is derived. To validate the model and demonstrate the suggested concept, experiments of maneuvering in models of residential and biological environments are presented. In addition to performing complex 3D maneuvers, the tubular structure of these robots may also be used as a conduit to reach inaccessible regions, which is demonstrated experimentally.
Magnetic Bucket Brigade Transport Networks for Cell Transport
Authors: Block Findan , Klingbeil Finn , Sajjad Umer , Arndt Christine , Sindt Sandra , Seidler Dennis , Thormählen Lars , Selhuber‐Unkel Christine , McCord Jeffrey
Published: April 2023

Controlled transport of biological cells in biomedical applications such as sorting, cell sequencing, and assembly of multicellular structures is a technological challenge. Research areas such as drug delivery or tissue engineering can benefit from precise cell location resulting in faster response rates or more complex tissue structures. Using computational methods, different soft magnetic elements with curved edges are designed to form a transport network, enabling transport and all functionalities for the manipulation of microbeads and cells on surfaces by rotational magnetic fields. Building blocks with bimodal functionalities due to segments of differently curved edges permit breakpoints as well as switchable transport via splitting and combining elements. Connecting the elements, networked paths are realized which allow variable movement patterns of magnetic carriers and cells. The direction of magnetic field rotation is altered to direct the beads and cells into different transport lines, and the exact timing is not critical. The networks are used to achieve deterministic movement of microbeads and cells with minimal intervention. Programmed transport over one millimeter with cell transport velocities of several micrometers per s is demonstrated. Based on scalable microchip technology, the networks can be integrated with CMOS‐compatible materials and straightforwardly combined with sensing and diagnostic structures.
Three‐Output Naked‐Eye High Temperature Organic Film Threshold Thermometers Based on Non‐Invasive Chemical Reaction
Authors: Zhan Yanhui , Qin Xiaoyu , Wang Kuan , Zhang Yong , Song Juan , Qian Yan , Fan Quli
Published: April 2023

High‐contrast and stably visualized ambient or luminescent color‐switching can be achieved by thermal‐induced non‐invasive chemical reaction for naked‐eye threshold temperature indication. The clear and visible output signal of these indicators arises from the large absorption/emission spectral changes upon heating. However, such chemical reactions are difficult to realize in solid‐state, especially in the high‐temperature region. Herein, a series of naked‐eye high‐temperature threshold film indicators have been developed based on the solid‐state in situ thermal decomposition reaction of difluoroboron β‐diketonate derivative. These thermosensitive films feature three high‐contrast visible outputs of ambient thermochromism, fluorescence color change, and luminescence ON/OFF switching, which can be easily detected with the naked eye. The PR‐PS film of (E)‐4‐(2‐(6‐bromopyren‐1‐yl)vinyl)‐2,2‐difluoro‐6‐phenyl‐2H‐1λ3,3,2λ4‐dioxaborinine (PR) doped in polystyrene (PS) polymer matrix achieved high sensitivities related to change of ratiometric luminescence and fluorescence intensity up to 230%°C−1 and 1.85%°C−1, respectively. Furthermore, the polymer matrix with different glass transition temperatures enables programmable tuning of threshold temperature from 120 to 180 °C. These thermosensitive films show clear and high‐contrast color changes and emission turn‐off in real‐time with consistent air stability, high photostability, and waterproofing property. This shows considerable potential in outdoor robust high‐temperature threshold sensing and information storage.
Biomimetic Aerogel with Aligned Porous Structures from Ice Templating for Water Evaporation‐Induced Electricity Generation
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Cui Peng , Wang Jingjing , Ge Ying , Meng Huan , Feng Can , Liu Huimin , Cheng Gang , Du Zuliang
Published: April 2023

Water evaporation is a ubiquitous natural process for collecting thermal energy from the environment. Carbon nanomaterial‐based aerogels are good candidates for use as hydroelectric generators (HEGs), permitting substantial interaction with water through electronic coupling, and have been considered for application in evaporation‐induced electricity generation. However, the water transport and electricity generation ability of the aerogels are affected by their pore structures. Inspired by the directional transport of the water vessel elements of the xylem, a biomimetic partially reduced graphene oxide aerogel (prGO) with an aligned porous structure is prepared, assisted by directional ice templating. The as‐prepared prGO aerogel presents a high capillary water transport rate and can efficiently transport water to the top, which is the basis for efficient current generation. This biomimetic prGO is scalable, providing an avenue for assembling other low‐dimensional carbon materials into high current output HEGs.
A Renewable and Antibacterial Solar Evaporator for Efficient Seawater Desalination: Performance Analysis and Empirical Formula
Authors: Jin Rongyu , Guo Pu , Wang Xuan , Heng Liping , Wang Bin
Published: April 2023

Interfacial solar evaporation has been considered as a compromising way to alleviate water shortage. However, when applied in real sea water environment, the undissolved salt accumulation and bacteria adhesion will cause blockage and fouling problem of the evaporator, and deteriorate its evaporation performance. Herein, a solar evaporator based on hollow cylinder‐shaped photocatalytic modified ceramic with renewability and antibacterial activity is fabricated for efficient seawater desalination. This evaporator can reach an evaporation rate of 3.43 kg m−2 h−1 in the normal environment (1 sun irradiation, 50% ambient relative humidity and 0 m s−1 convective airflow) and also can reach a rate of 28.9 kg m−2 h−1 in the controlled environment (1 sun irradiation, 10% ambient relative humidity and 5 m s−1 convective airflow) due to the sufficient effective evaporation area and timely vapor diffusion. Meanwhile, after long‐term desalination of real seawater, the blocked evaporators can be regenerated by acid treatment. The evaporator also shows 91.7% antibacterial ratio due to photocatalytic modification. In the field environment, the array evaporator shows a good evaporation performance of 54.5 kg m−2 for continuous 10 h. Finally, the empirical formula is obtained to quantitatively analyze the environmental factors and predict the evaporation rate in practical application.
HIPK1 Inhibition Protects against Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy by Inhibiting the CREB‐C/EBPβ Axis
Authors: Bei Yihua , Zhu Yujiao , Wei Meng , Yin Mingming , Li Lin , Chen Chen , Huang Zhenzhen , Liang Xuchun , Gao Juan , Yao Jianhua , van der Kraak Petra H. , Vink Aryan , Lei Zhiyong , Dai Yuxiang , Chen Huihua , Liang Yueyang , Sluijter Joost PG , Xiao Junjie
Published: April 2023

Inhibition of pathological cardiac hypertrophy is recognized as an important therapeutic strategy for heart failure, although effective targets are still lacking in clinical practice. Homeodomain interacting protein kinase 1 (HIPK1) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase that can respond to different stress signals, however, whether and how HIPK1 regulates myocardial function is not reported. Here, it is observed that HIPK1 is increased during pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Both genetic ablation and gene therapy targeting HIPK1 are protective against pathological hypertrophy and heart failure in vivo. Hypertrophic stress‐induced HIPK1 is present in the nucleus of cardiomyocytes, while HIPK1 inhibition prevents phenylephrine‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through inhibiting cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation at Ser271 and inactivating CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein β (C/EBPβ)‐mediated transcription of pathological response genes. Inhibition of HIPK1 and CREB forms a synergistic pathway in preventing pathological cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, HIPK1 inhibition may serve as a promising novel therapeutic strategy to attenuate pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Multiresponsive Cylindrically Symmetric Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fibers Templated by Tubular Confinement
Authors: Geng Yong , Lagerwall Jan P.F.
Published: April 2023

Cylindrically symmetric cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer (CLCE) fibers templated by tubular confinement are reported, displaying mechanochromic, thermochromic, and thermomechanical responses. The synthesis inside a sacrificial tube secures radial orientation of the cholesteric helix, and the ground state retroreflection wavelength is easily tuned throughout the visible spectrum or into the near‐infrared by varying the concentration of a chiral dopant. The fibers display continuous, repeatable, and quantitatively predictable mechanochromic response, reaching a blue shift of more than −220 nm for 180% elongation. The cylindrical symmetry renders the response identical in all directions perpendicular to the fiber axis, making them exceptionally useful for monitoring complex strains, as demonstrated in revealing local strain during tying of different knots. The CLCE reflection color can be revealed with high contrast against any background by taking advantage of the circularly polarized reflection. Upon heating, the fibers respond—fully reversibly—with red shift and radial expansion/axial contraction. However, there is no transition to an isotropic state, confirming a largely forgotten theoretical prediction by de Gennes. These fibers and the easy way of making them may open new windows for large‐scale application in advanced wearable technology and beyond.