bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separation and characterisation of montmorillonite from a low‐grade natural bentonite: using a non‐destructive method
Authors: Barakan Shima , Aghazadeh Valeh
Published: February 2019

Bentonite clays containing mostly montmorillonite as a nanostructure group of smectite have been used as industrial raw material in many applications. The presence of the other impurities in bentonite clays reduces the value of bentonite. Therefore, the bentonite purification is necessary. In this research, the purification and separation of montmorillonite from a low‐grade natural bentonite were considered on the regular and comprehensive plan. For this purpose, a set of methods including dispersion, sodium‐activation, sedimentation, sonication and centrifugation were used. In contrast to many methods, there were often complex, expensive and non‐effective; this purification method was found to be effective for removing almost all quartz, carbonates and clinoptilolite as the major impurities. In this purification method, the montmorillonite content was increased from 15 to 84% with the separation yield of 80%. The influence of centrifugal force and the type of ultrasonication indicated the most critical parameters in the purification yield, the physical properties and the crystalline structure of the final products. The laser particle size distribution analysis, X‐ray diffraction, semi‐quantitative analysis and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy results showed the decrease of impure phase without any structural changes or damages in clay framework.
Experimental results of NO removal by the MBGLS
Authors: Xiao Zhengguo , Aftab Tallal Bin , Yuan Xiaoling , Xia Hualei , Li Dengxin
Published: February 2019

Existing oxidation–absorption denitration processes have some disadvantages such as high cost, equipment corrosion and low oxidant utilisation ratio. In this work, a novel denitration process with a microbubble gas–liquid dispersion system (MBGLS) was proposed. The nitric oxide (NO) removal effects of MBGLS based on the various absorbents containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salinity and metal ions were investigated. The results showed that the MBGLS had an excellent NO removal performance because of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) released by the MBs. H2O2, NaCl, Fe2+ and Mn2+ could enhance the removal properties of MBGLS, but excessive NaCl was not conducive to the removal of NO. Under the optimal reaction conditions (absorbent pH = 8, 330 K, 0.4 mol/l H2O2 and 800 ppm NO), the NO removal efficiency reached 87.7%. This new process is highly cost‐effective and environment friendly and shows a good commercial application prospect in flue gas denitration.
Effect of thickness on the structural and optical properties of the niobium‐doped β ‐Ga2O3 films
Authors: Zhang Hao , Deng Jinxiang , Kong Le , Pan Zhiwei , Bai Zhiying , Wang Jiyou
Published: February 2019

To investigate the effect of thickness on the structural and optical properties of niobium‐doped beta gallium oxide (β ‐Ga2O3 :Nb) thin films, a series of β ‐Ga2O3 :Nb thin films with different thicknesses were prepared by radio‐frequency magnetron method. The crystalline quality is highly improved when the film thickness exceeds 145 nm. The surface exhibits different morphologies under different film thicknesses. The average transmittance of all the films are over 80% in visible range, and that the ultraviolet absorption edge shifts to longer wavelength indicates the bandgap shrinks with increasing the film thickness. Moreover, the photoluminescence spectrum measurements indicate that fewer defects were formed when the film thickness is around 145 nm.
Stimulating niche nurturing process for heat production with nuclear plants in France: A multi-level perspective
Authors: Leurent Martin
Published: February 2019

This paper examines how intermediaries could interact with other important actors identified by the multi-level perspective (MLP) framework, the niche actors and regime actors, to create niches for nuclear heat production in France. Whatever is the source, recovering the wasted heat is a matter of energy efficiency. Nuclear plants could remain used for several decades in France. It is thus legitimate to investigate those possible niche nurturing processes which may allow a more efficient use of this technology. Challenges are high, and our conclusions modest regarding the possible breaking through of such exploratory and collective systems. Without significant windows of opportunity, even the most willing intermediation may not be able to change the status quo. It is however important to highlight the multifarious pathways that energy transitions could follow. Drawing on lessons from the MLP, this paper proposes three key actions for intermediation willing to move beyond technology-push approaches that can lead to tension and low legitimacy. These are, sharing questions instead of knowledge; mobilise, interest, involve a legitimate place; and prevent or avoid conflicts among stakeholders. Regime changes possibly enhancing the deployment of sustainable heating systems, not only nuclear plant sourced, are also discussed.
Effects of herbicide mixtures on freshwater microalgae with the potential effect of a safener
Authors: Chamsi Ousama , Pinelli Eric , Faucon Bruno , Perrault Annie , Lacroix Laurent , Sánchez-Pérez José-Miguel , Charcosset Jean-Yves
Published: February 2019

Freshwater microalgae are primary producers and cosmopolitan species subjected to the effects of herbicides. In this work, thein vitroalgal growth inhibitory effects of 11 agrochemicals (9 herbicides, 1 metabolite, and 1 safener) were quantified. Chemical compounds were applied singly and in specific mixtures. Three species were used in axenic condition: the green algaDesmodesmus subspicatus(Chodat), the diatomsNitzschia palea(Kützing) W. Smith andNavicula pelliculosa(Kützing) Hilse. When exposed to single compounds,N. paleaandN. pelliculosawere only sensitive to atrazine/desethylatrazine and the safener benoxacor (BE), respectively.D. subspicatuswas equally sensitive to four herbicides including atrazine and its metabolite and significantly more sensitive to iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (IODO). The mixture of these five compounds induced a significantly higher growth inhibition of about 1.5-fold than IODO alone, which could be attributed to the four other herbicides. The mixture of all compounds was twofold less toxic than IODO onD. subspicatus. A halogen atom is present in IODO as in the herbicides to which the safener BE − known to induce glutathione-S-transferases − is associated in agrochemical preparations. We then showed that IODO was less toxic when combined with non-toxic concentrations of BE. These results indicated that the toxicity of the most active herbicide studied was decreased by a non-herbicide compound present in agrochemical formulations of other herbicides. These results suggest the importance to take into account the chemistry and the mechanisms of action for each compound in a risk assessment approach of a complex mixture.
Influence of mobilization and weight bearing on in-hospital outcome in geriatric patients with hip fractures
Authors: Baer Manuel , Neuhaus Valentin , Pape Hans Christoph , Ciritsis Bernhard
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Early recovery of mobilization after a fracture of the hip is associated with improved long-term ability to walk, lower complication rates, and mortality. In this context, early mobilization and full weight bearing are favorable. The aim of this study was (1) to analyze the influence of time between operation and first mobilization on in-hospital outcome and (2) the influence of early mobilization, full weight bearing, and ASA on pain, mobility of the hip, and ability to walk during the in-hospital phase of recovery.

Methods: This is a retrospective in-hospital study of 219 patients aged 70 years or older who were treated with surgery after a hip fracture. Data were collected by a review of medical records. The outcomes were mortality, complications, length of stay, and the Merle d’Aubigné score which evaluates pain, mobility of the hip, and ability to walk. Factors were sought in bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Results: A shorter time between operation and first mobilization was significantly associated with lower in-hospital mortality and complications. Early mobilization (within 24 h after the operation) and full weight bearing had no influence on pain, mobility of the hip, and ability to walk as well as length of stay in our cohort. Fracture type and treatment influenced mobility of the hip, while age as well as physical health status affected the ability to walk.

Discussion: Patients with femoral neck fractures, respectively after total hip arthroplasty, had less pain and showed better mobility of the hip and ability to walk during hospitalization than patients with trochanteric fractures; these results were irrespective of early vs. late mobilization and full vs. partial weight bearing. Foremost, a shorter time between operation and first mobilization is associated with lower complication and mortality rates.
Dispositifs de formation des professionnels de santé au Togo et éducation thérapeutique des patients
Authors: Sanwogou Dédamani
Published: February 2019

Introduction : Le développement des maladies chroniques a entraîné l’adjonction d’une dimension pédagogique aux pratiques soignantes : l’éducation thérapeutique du patient (ETP). L’intégration de l’ETP impose aux professionnels de santé, de nouvelles compétences qui ne pourront être acquises que par la formation. Objectif : L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la prise en compte de l’ETP par les dispositifs de formation des professionnels de santé au Togo. Méthodes : Pour ce faire, il a été procédé à une analyse des dispositifs de formation initiale et continue. Résultats : Les résultats ont montré que l’enseignement de l’ETP dans sa version formelle n’a été introduit qu’en 2015 dans deux parcours de formation initiale. Cet enseignement occupe une place marginale dans la formation. Les différents programmes de santé à l’exception de celui de lutte contre le VIH n’ont pas mis en place une formation continue sur l’ETP. Discussions : Le déficit de formation des professionnels de santé sur l’ETP rend difficile l’intégration de cette nouvelle pratique dans le système de soins. Conclusion : Pour lutter efficacement contre les maladies chroniques qui ont pris le dessus sur les maladies infectieuses, le Togo devra former les professionnels de santé sur l’ETP. Cette formation doit être aussi bien théorique que pratique.
Hautinfektionen durch Insektenstiche nach Fernreisen bei Kindern
Authors: Ziegler U. , Schwienhorst-Stich E.-M. , Stich A. , Kleine C.
Published: February 2019

Nach Fernreisen in die Tropen und Subtropen finden sich als Grund für einen Arztbesuch neben den klassischen vektorübertragenen Erkrankungen wie Malaria oder Denguefieber und der Reisediarrhö auch zu ca. 20 % neu aufgetretene dermatologische Erkrankungen. Ursächlich ist meistens der Kontakt der Haut und Schleimhäute mit Insekten durch Biss oder Stich mit einer meist juckenden Lokalreaktion und der Gefahr einer bakteriellen Superinfektion. Einige Insektenarten dienen als Vektoren für systemische Infektionen sowie lokale Hautparasitosen, andere zeigen sich als Ektoparasitosen. Die Erregerspezies von nach Fernreisen neu aufgetretenen Hautveränderungen sind vielfältig, oft ist das Spektrum der Erreger weltweit verbreitet und somit nicht speziell auf Fernreisen bezogen. Es finden sich aber auch Infektionen, die je nach Reisestil, Reisedauer, und vor allem Reiseregion in unterschiedlicher Häufung und Wahrscheinlichkeit auftreten können. Die Hautinfektionen bei Kindern unterscheiden sich nur gering von denen bei Erwachsenen. Körpergröße, Sozial- und Spielverhalten haben jedoch einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Häufigkeit spezieller Hautinfektionen bei Kindern nach Fernreisen. Wichtigste Form der Krankheitsvermeidung ist die Prävention eines Kontaktes mit Insekten. In diesem Artikel soll dem niedergelassenen Pädiater und Kliniker eine Kurzübersicht und Empfehlung gegeben werden, um den wichtigsten reiseassoziierten infektiologischen Hautmanifestationen bei Kindern im Alltag zu begegnen.
Standards Used by a Clinical and Scientific Endometriosis Center for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Patients with Endometriosis
Authors: Burghaus Stefanie , Hildebrandt Thomas , Fahlbusch Christine , Heusinger Katharina , Antoniadis Sophia , Lermann Johannes , Hackl Janina , Häberle Lothar , Renner Stefan P. , Fasching Peter A. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Blum Simon
Published: February 2019

Endometriosis is one of the most common benign gynecological diseases. The extremely heterogeneous complex of symptoms complicates the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. In most patients, there is a latency period of several years between the first occurrence of symptoms and the definitive diagnosis. This paper aims (1) to evaluate standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with (symptoms suspicious for) endometriosis in terms of feasibility, and (2) to assess the potential use of data collected by a certified clinical and scientific endometriosis center to answer scientific questions. Standards for outpatient consultations were developed for a special endometriosis outpatient clinic. Between January 2014 and December 2017, a total of 1715 outpatients with a suspicion of endometriosis presented to this special endometriosis outpatient clinic; the diagnosis and treatment of patients was carried out in accordance with the developed standards. Data of this patient cohort obtained from patient records created during outpatient consultations and from a questionnaire recorded in an Oracle-based database was analyzed. The patient cohort was also compared with another patient cohort who had attended different outpatient clinics and had been diagnosed intraoperatively with endometriosis. 41.8% of patients examined during special outpatient consultations had surgery for suspicion or recurrence of endometriosis. Endometriosis was confirmed in 81.5% of cases. Pain symptoms were the main indication for surgery in 70.1% of cases compared to 45.1% of cases in the comparison group. The structured approach used in the special endometriosis outpatient clinic is a key aspect of the care provided by the certified clinical and scientific endometriosis center. It ensures that patients are diagnosed and treated in accordance with guideline recommendations, that diagnosis and treatment comply with certification requirements, and that the collected data can be used to answer scientific questions.
Lumen apposing metal stents are superior to plastic stents in pancreatic walled-off necrosis: a large international multicenter study
Authors: Chen Yen-I , Yang Juliana , Friedland Shai , Holmes Ian , Law Ryan , Hosmer Amy , Stevens Tyler , Franco Matheus , Jang Sunguk , Pawa Rishi , Mathur Nihar , Sejpal Divyesh , Inamdar Sumant , Trindade Arvind , Nieto Jose , Berzin Tyler , Sawhney Mandeep , DeSimone Michael , DiMaio Christopher , Kumta Nikhil , Gupta Sanchit , Yachimski Patrick , Anderloni Andrea , Baron Todd , James Theodore , Jamil Laith , Ona Mel , Lo Simon , Gaddam Srinivas , Dollhopf Markus , Bukhari Majidah , Moran Robert , Gutierrez Olaya , Sanaei Omid , Fayad Lea , Ngamruengphong Saowanee , Kumbhari Vivek , Singh Vikesh , Repici Alessandro , Khashab Mouen
Published: February 2019

Background and study aims The use of lumen apposing metal stents (LAMS) during EUS-guided transmural drainage (EUS-TD) of pancreatic walled-off necrosis (WON) has gained popularity. Data supporting their use in WON over plastic stents (PS), however, remain scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of LAMS (Axios, Boston Scientific) with PS in WON.

Patients and methods This was a multicenter, retrospective study involving 14 centers. Consecutive patients who underwent EUS-TD of WON (2012 – 2016) were included. The primary end point was clinical success defined as WON size ≤ 3 cm within a 6-month period without need for percutaneous drainage (PCD) or surgery.

Results A total of 189 patients (mean age 55.2 ± 15.6 years, 34.9 % female) were included (102 LAMS and 87 PS). Technical success rates were similar: 100 % in LAMS and 98.9 % in PS (P = 0.28). Clinical success was attained in 80.4 % of LAMS and 57.5 % of PS (P = 0.001). Rate of PCD was similar (13.7 % LAMS vs. 16.3 % PS, P = 0.62), while PS was associated with a greater need for surgery (16.1 % PS vs. 5.6 % LAMS, P = 0.02). Adverse events (AEs) were observed in 9.8 % of LAMS and 10.3 % of PS (P = 0.90) and were rated as severe in 2.0 % and 6.9 %, respectively (P = 0.93). After excluding patients with < 6 months follow-up, the rate of WON recurrence following initial clinical success was greater with PS (22.9 % PS vs. 5.6 % LAMS, P = 0.04).

Conclusions When compared to PS, LAMS in WON is associated with higher clinical success, shorter procedure time, lower need for surgery, and lower rate of recurrence.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Colorectal Surgery: A Review of the Economic Implications
Authors: Stone Alexander , Grant Michael , Wu Christopher , Wick Elizabeth
Published: February 2019

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs are transdisciplinary, evidence-based perioperative protocols that aim to standardize best practices and increase the value of delivered healthcare. Quality improvement programs such as ERAS for colorectal surgery have been linked to a reduction in rates of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) including surgical site infection as well as a reduction in overall length of stay. Importantly, to achieve these results, hospitals must commit to fostering transdisciplinary collaboration across surgery, anesthesiology, and nursing, as well as alignment between frontline providers and hospital executives. This requires upfront investment as well as ongoing resource allocation to sustain the program but given the magnitude of the potential impact of a successful ERAS program on multiple domains of quality and safety, the investment will easily reap ongoing rewards. The purpose of this manuscript is to outline implementation and sustainability costs of an ERAS program as well as discuss the potential cost savings related to the program to further inform hospitals considering adoption of this approach to care.
Should We Move Up the Clock on Preventive Intervention in Marfan's Disease?
Authors: Robicsek Francis
Published: February 2019

Gradual dilatation of the ascending aorta is a common phenomenon in patients with Marfan's disease, which often leads to dissection and rupture. It is estimated that around two-thirds of the patients either die or require major surgery before the age of 42 years. In the mirror of the experience of 40 years with aortic wall reinforcement, the author forward the postulate that whenever the ascending aorta of an individual with proven Marfan's disease reaches adult size, that is, approximately 3.5 cm in diameter, the wall of his/her ascending aorta should be reinforced to prevent further expansion.
Estimating Gestational Age from Ultrasound: External Validation of the NICHD Formula with Comparison to the Hadlock Regression
Authors: Cawyer Chase R. , Anderson Sarah B. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Skupski Daniel W. , Owen John
Published: February 2019

Objective To externally validate the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) formula developed from the National Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons and compare with 1984 Hadlock regression in a general obstetrical population.

Study Design Cross-sectional study of nonanomalous singletons with a crown-rump length (CRL) and ≥1 additional ultrasound (US) with complete fetal biometrics. CRL established the referent estimated due date to calculate the error at every examination from both formulas. Error was the difference between the CRL-derived gestational age (GA) and each method's predicted GA. Comparisons were also made in three GA intervals: 1 (140/7–206/7), 2 (210/7–286/7), and 3 (≥290/7). Odds ratios evaluated the likelihood of errors outside the prespecified (±) day ranges. Repeated measures analysis of variance and generalized estimating equations controlled multiple US in the same patient.

Results A total of 6,043 patients produced 16,904 USs for evaluation. The NICHD formula yielded significantly smaller mean errors in all GA ranges compared with the Hadlock formula (p < 0.01). In interval 3, the NICHD formula had significantly lower odds of discerning examinations outside the prespecified error range (odds ratio: 1.27).

Conclusion The NICHD formula is a valid estimate of estimating GA in a general obstetrical population and was superior to the Hadlock formula, most notably in the third trimester.
An active hyperspectral imaging system based on a multi-LED light source
Authors: Wang Huijie , Hu Yifan , Ma Xiangyun , Sun Jinglai , Sun Xueqing , Chen Da , Zheng Xinwei , Li Qifeng
Published: February 2019

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a popular method of substance identification and mapping in many fields. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be introduced as an active light source, which have been widely used with the distinct advantages of small size, low energy consumption, long lifetime, and fast switching. In this paper, we propose an active HSI system that is based on a multi-wavelength LED-array light source. This LED-based HSI system has a simple and stable configuration, without the complex dispersive spectrometer and mechanical scanning device. The proposed HSI system has been validated using the standard color checker, showing a reliable spectral performance. Moreover, the spatial-spectral information of Chinese paper-cuttings has been successfully extracted, which indicates the great potential in practical applications.
Development of electroforming process for soft x-ray ellipsoidal mirror
Authors: Kume Takehiro , Takei Yoshinori , Egawa Satoru , Motoyama Hiroto , Takeo Yoko , Yamaguchi Gota , Mimura Hidekazu
Published: February 2019

An x-ray ellipsoidal mirror is an ideal tool for focusing soft x-rays. Because nanometer-level shape accuracy is required in the internal surface of a mirror having a small diameter, it is difficult to fabricate the mirror by processing the surface directly. We developed a fabrication process for soft x-ray ellipsoidal mirrors in which the surface of a high-precision quartz mandrel with the inverted shape of the designed mirror is replicated by nickel sulfamate electroforming. In this study, an ellipsoidal mirror of 40-mm length was fabricated and the shape accuracy of the replicated surface was evaluated by a measurement method using a contact probe. The root mean square (RMS) of the replication error in the entire measured surface was 27.2 nm. When the evaluated area was half the replicated surface near the middle of the mirror, the RMS of the replication error was 14.7 nm. Wave-optical simulation suggested that it is possible to focus soft x-rays to a spot with a diameter of 400 nm.
Direct synthesis of biaxially textured nickel disilicide thin films by magnetron sputter deposition on low-cost metal tapes for flexible silicon devices
Authors: Li Yongkuan , Gao Ying , Yao Yao , Sun Sicong , Khatiwada Devendra , Pouladi Sara , Galstyan Eduard , Rathi Monika , Dutta Pavel , Litvinchuk Alexander P. , Ryou Jae-Hyun , Selvamanickam Venkat
Published: February 2019

Nickel silicides are widely used as contact materials for electronic devices based on silicon (Si). However, they have been predominantly fabricated by annealing separate Ni and Si phases which leads to phase and structural complexity. In this letter, direct epitaxial growth of a single-phase nickel disilicide (NiSi2) thin film by sputter deposition of NiSi2 is achieved on low-cost and flexible Hastelloy tapes which offers a promising route to fabricate low-cost, flexible electronic devices. Biaxially textured titanium nitride (TiN) is applied as the seeding layer and the diffusion barrier under NiSi2. An epitaxial relationship of (001)⟨100⟩NiSi2 ǁ (001)⟨110⟩TiN is observed with an extra-large lattice mismatch (∼10.3%) between NiSi2 and TiN. Both the bonding similarity and the passivation effect by hydrogen promote the epitaxial growth of NiSi2 on TiN. The flat and smooth NiSi2 thin film consists of grains with a size of 50–100 nm. An epitaxially grown Si film on NiSi2 further demonstrates the potential of manufacturing high-performance Si flexible electronics with NiSi2/TiN/Hastelloy as the direct contact through this approach.
A threshold voltage definition for modeling asymmetric dual-gate amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors with parameter extraction technique
Authors: Cai Minxi , Yao Ruohe
Published: February 2019

A physical definition of threshold voltage has been proposed for asymmetric dual-gate amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors. Based on the definition, a compact model for drain current has been derived with complete parameter extraction methods. According to the distribution characteristics of density of states (DOS) in the a-IGZO bandgap, the threshold voltage of bottom-gate (BG)-driven devices is defined by the ratio of the trapped-carrier density to the free-carrier density at the bottom surface of the channel layer. This definition has proven to give appropriate values of threshold voltage for devices with DOS parameters varying in a wide range. The trapped-charge density in the above-threshold region can be expressed based on the defined threshold voltage, with the form related to the BG voltage, the top-gate voltage, and the potential along the channel. The free-charge density and analytical drain current can thus be obtained in the above-threshold region. Finally, the continuous drain current expression is developed covering all operation regions. In the modeling process, the determination and extraction strategies for parameters are also presented.
Sensitivity comparison of absorption and grating-based phase tomography of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue
Authors: Bikis Christos , Rodgers Griffin , Deyhle Hans , Thalmann Peter , Hipp Alexander , Beckmann Felix , Weitkamp Timm , Theocharis Stamatios , Rau Christoph , Schulz Georg , Müller Bert
Published: February 2019

Advances in high-resolution hard X-ray computed tomography have led to the field of virtual histology to complement histopathological analyses. Phase-contrast modalities have been favored because, for soft tissues, the real part of the refractive index is orders of magnitude greater than the imaginary part. Nevertheless, absorption-contrast measurements of paraffin-embedded tissues have provided exceptionally high contrast combined with a submicron resolution. In this work, we present a quantitative comparison of phase tomography using synchrotron radiation-based X-ray double grating interferometry and conventional synchrotron radiation-based computed tomography in the context of histopathologically relevant paraffin-embedded human brain tissue. We determine the complex refractive index and compare the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of each modality, accounting for the spatial resolution and optimizing the photon energy for absorption tomography. We demonstrate that the CNR in the phase modality is 1.6 times higher than the photon-energy optimized and spatial resolution-matched absorption measurements. We predict, however, that a further optimized phase tomography will provide a CNR gain of 4. This study seeks to boost the discussion of the relative merits of phase and absorption modalities in the context of paraffin-embedded tissues for virtual histology, highlighting the importance of optimization procedures for the two complementary modes and the trade-off between spatial and density resolution, not to mention the disparity in data acquisition and processing.
Genotoxic and mutagenic properties of atmospheric pressure plasma jet on human liver cell line L02
Authors: Ma M. , Duan J. , Lu X. , He G.
Published: February 2019

In clinical plasma medicine, the long-term safety is an important issue which needs to be addressed. In this study, normal human liver cell line L02 was chosen as an in vitro model to investigate the genotoxic and mutagenic properties of the atmospheric pressure plasma jet. The normal human liver cell line L02 was treated by the plasma first for different times, and then, the survived progeny cells from 30 min plasma treatment time after seven passages (approximately 20 generations) were treated by the plasma again. Apoptosis assay, micronucleus formation assay, and the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene mutation assay were performed on both L02 cells and the progeny of surviving cells after the first 30 min plasma treatment. It is found that plasma treatment induces cell death and micronucleus formation in a time dependent manner. However, no delayed genomic instability like delayed reproductive cell death and micronucleus formation was found in the progeny cells. Besides, it is found that the plasma treatment did not induce increased HPRT mutation frequency either in the L02 cells or the progeny of surviving cells.
Infrared study of carrier scattering mechanism in ion-gated graphene
Authors: Yu Kwangnam , Jeon Jiwon , Kim Jiho , Oh Chang Won , Yoon Yongseok , Kim Beom Joon , Cho Jeong Ho , Choi E. J.
Published: February 2019

We performed infrared transmission experiment on ion-gel gated graphene and measured carrier scattering rate γ as a function of carrier density n over a wide range up to n = 2 × 1013 cm−2. γ exhibits a rapid decrease along with the gating followed by a persistent increase upon further carrier doping. This behavior of γ(n) demonstrates that the carrier is scattered dominantly by the two scattering mechanisms, namely, charged impurity (CI) scattering and short-range disorder (SR) scattering, with additional minor scattering from substrate phonons (SPP). We can determine the absolute strengths of all the scattering channels by fitting the γ(n) data and unveil the complete n-dependent map of the scattering mechanisms γ(n)=γCI(n)+γSR(n)+γSPP(n). γCI(n) and γSR(n) are larger than those of SiO2-gated graphene by 1.8 times, which elucidates the dual role of the ion-gel layer as a CI-scatterer and simultaneously a SR-scatterer to graphene. Additionally, we show that freezing of IG at low-T (∼200 K) does not cause any change to the carrier scattering.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Characterisation, and DNA-Binding Properties of RuII Complexes Coordinated by Norfloxacin as Potential Tumour Inhibitors
Authors: Liu Xukui , Zhao Xuanhao , Li Yumei , Zheng Kangdi , Wu Qiong , Mei Wenjie
Published: February 2019

Three novel norfloxacin-based ruthenium(ii) complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(NFLX)]Cl·2H2O (1), [Ru(phen)2(NFLX)]Cl·2H2O (2), and [Ru(dmbpy)2(NFLX)]Cl·2H2O (3) (bpy=2,2′-bipyridine, phen=1,10-phenanthroline, dmbpy=4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, and NFLX=norfloxacin), were synthesised and characterised with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The antitumour properties were evaluated by MTT assay, and the data revealed that 2 can inhibit the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 efficiently. Furthermore, the DNA-binding behaviours of these complexes were investigated by a multiple spectroscopy assay and viscosity study. The results indicated that these complexes interact with calf thymus DNA through electrostatic interactions with a strong binding affinity in the order 2>3>1. Therefore, these results suggested that 2 might be a suitable anticancer agent due to its excellent DNA-binding abilities.
Cognitive Discourse Functions meet historical competences
Authors: Dalton-Puffer Christiane , Bauer-Marschallinger Silvia
Published: February 2019

This paper combines the perspectives of applied linguistics and history education in order to explore the viability of a genuinely non-binary pedagogy for content and language integration. Cognitive Discourse Functions (CDFs) are mapped against the model of historical competences underlying the current Austrian secondary history curriculum. The theoretical analysis shows the performance of CDFs as central to the constitution of historical competences. For the empirical part of the study, two complete didactic units on the topic of the Industrial Revolution were recorded, and oral and written utterances by students were analysed both in terms of CDF use and historical competences. The results confirm a significant connection between competences and CDFs. We argue that some explicit attention to CDFs and the linguistic resources necessary for their competent verbalization could significantly enhance the subject literacy level of Austrian CLIL history learners in both oral and written production.
Capturing technical terms in spoken CLIL
Authors: Rieder-Bünemann Angelika , Hüttner Julia , Smit Ute
Published: February 2019

Content and language integrated learning (CLIL), an educational approach using a foreign language to teach non-language subjects, has been consistently gaining in popularity. Despite an increasing research base suggesting its benefits for general language proficiency, the contribution made to learning and using subject-specific target language elements is largely under-researched. This paper addresses one aspect of this, i.e. students’ use of subject-specific vocabulary in CLIL classroom communication. We propose a holistic model for identifying both single and multi-word lexical units specific to the school subject in oral classroom data, integrating corpus-linguistic and qualitative data analysis. The method is trialled using a data set of 16 hours of secondary-school CLIL classroom data within the subject of European economics and politics in Year 12. Findings show that a holistic definition of subject-specific vocabulary is vital, and that the model constitutes an adequate and flexible tool for specifying CLIL terminology in oral classroom discourse.
The methodological affordances and challenges of using Facebook to research study abroad
Authors: Dressler Roswita , Dressler Anja
Published: February 2019

Some study abroad (SA) researchers use Facebook as a tool to reach participants or as the site or context of research. InDressler and Dressler (2016), we examined the linguistic identity positioning of one sojourner in Facebook posts over two sojourns. In this paper, we determine the methodological affordances and challenges of the social media site as both a tool and context of research. We conclude that for the original study, using Facebook enabled us to download large amounts of observational data and study the identity positioning over time. Throughout the data collection, analysis, and writing, we encountered challenges regarding ownership of data, the dynamic nature of Facebook over the two time periods of the study, the use of photographs, and our focus on the textual aspects of posting. From this analysis, we provide recommendations for the use of Facebook in SA research moving forward.
“As a friend, that’s the one thing I always am very conscious not to do”
Authors: Surtees Victoria
Published: February 2019

The field of study abroad (SA) research has paid scant attention to the perspectives of people with whom SA students interact in the host community (e.g.,Kinginger, 2012), particularly to the perspectives of peers. This paper analyzes interviews conducted with eight English-speaking peers of Japanese SA students sojourning in Western Canada. Using membership categorization analysis (MCA) (Housley & Fitzgerald, 2015), it examines how peers used category-based rationales to claim or resist responsibilities related to the SA students’ language development. Findings point to the relevance of two local identity categories: friends and exchange students. Exchange students were constructed as responsible for ‘asking for help’ while peers constructed their own role as ‘helping when asked’. Peers also treated correction as an ‘unfriendly’ practice. In addition to providing insight into peers’ understandings of their roles in students’ learning, the analyses demonstrate how interview questions can shape the participants responses in meaningful ways.
Prying open a glutamate receptor gate
Authors: Wollmuth Lonnie P.
Published: February 2019

Wollmuth highlights recent work identifying two cysteine substitutions in kainate receptors that result in direct activation by cadmium.
An Organized Work Force is Part of Growing Up: Gawker and the Case for Unionizing Digital Newsrooms
Authors: Prasad Revati
Published: February 2019

In June 2015 Gawker Media became the first for-profit digital news organization to unionize its editorial workforce. True to their bombastic style, they did so publicly, publishing a post where staff commented on how they were going to vote regarding the union and why. This article examines the ensuing discussion to understand how this group of culture workers perceived their labor, and the value they sought not just from collective bargaining, but from doing so publicly. Gawker’s unionization was aimed not exclusively at Gawker, but spoke to a vision for the entire sector. Gawker staff were motivated to collective action by the precarity that besets digital media, while the publicness of the effort was aimed at their peer organizations. The public performance of unionism at Gawker may signal a shift in the discourse around collective bargaining among young creative workers as more digital outlets come to organize their workforce.
Immunogenicity and Safety of the Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Chronically Immunosuppressed Adults Following Renal Transplant: A Phase 3, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Vink Peter , Ramon Torrell Josep Maria , Sanchez Fructuoso Ana , Kim Sung-Joo , Kim Sang-il , Zaltzman Jeff , Ortiz Fernanda , Campistol Plana Josep Maria , Fernandez Rodriguez Ana Maria , Rebollo Rodrigo Henar , Campins Marti Magda , Perez Rafael , González Roncero Francisco Manuel , Kumar Deepali , Chiang Yang-Jen , Doucette Karen , Pipeleers Lissa , Agüera Morales Maria Luisa , Rodriguez-Ferrero Maria Luisa , Secchi Antonio , McNeil Shelly A , Campora Laura , Di Paolo Emmanuel , El Idrissi Mohamed , López-Fauqued Marta , Salaun Bruno , Heineman Thomas C , Oostvogels Lidia
Published: February 2019

Background

The incidence of herpes zoster is up to 9 times higher in immunosuppressed solid organ transplant recipients than in the general population. We investigated the immunogenicity and safety of an adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) in renal transplant (RT) recipients ≥18 years of age receiving daily immunosuppressive therapy.

Methods

In this phase 3, randomized (1:1), observer-blind, multicenter trial, RT recipients were enrolled and received 2 doses of RZV or placebo 1–2 months (M) apart 4–18M posttransplant. Anti–glycoprotein E (gE) antibody concentrations, gE-specific CD4 T-cell frequencies, and vaccine response rates were assessed at 1M post–dose 1, and 1M and 12M post–dose 2. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were recorded for 7 and 30 days after each dose, respectively. Solicited general symptoms and unsolicited AEs were also collected 7 days before first vaccination. Serious AEs (including biopsy-proven allograft rejections) and potential immune-mediated diseases (pIMDs) were recorded up to 12M post–dose 2.

Results

Two hundred sixty-four participants (RZV: 132; placebo: 132) were enrolled between March 2014 and April 2017. gE-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were higher in RZV than placebo recipients across postvaccination time points and persisted above prevaccination baseline 12M post–dose 2. Local AEs were reported more frequently by RZV than placebo recipients. Overall occurrences of renal function changes, rejections, unsolicited AEs, serious AEs, and pIMDs were similar between groups.

Conclusions

RZV was immunogenic in chronically immunosuppressed RT recipients. Immunogenicity persisted through 12M postvaccination. No safety concerns arose.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT02058589.
Fosfomycin for Injection (ZTI-01) Versus Piperacillin-tazobactam for the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection Including Acute Pyelonephritis: ZEUS, A Phase 2/3 Randomized Trial
Authors: Kaye Keith S , Rice Louis B , Dane Aaron L , Stus Viktor , Sagan Olexiy , Fedosiuk Elena , Das Anita F , Skarinsky David , Eckburg Paul B , Ellis-Grosse Evelyn J
Published: February 2019

Background

ZTI-01 (fosfomycin for injection) is an epoxide antibiotic with a differentiated mechanism of action (MOA) inhibiting an early step in bacterial cell wall synthesis. ZTI-01 has broad in vitro spectrum of activity, including multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, and is being developed for treatment of complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) and acute pyelonephritis (AP) in the United States.

Methods

Hospitalized adults with suspected or microbiologically confirmed cUTI/AP were randomized 1:1 to 6 g ZTI-01 q8h or 4.5 g intravenous (IV) piperacillin-tazobactam (PIP-TAZ) q8h for a fixed 7-day course (no oral switch); patients with concomitant bacteremia could receive up to 14 days.

Results

Of 465 randomized patients, 233 and 231 were treated with ZTI-01 and PIP-TAZ, respectively. In the microbiologic modified intent-to-treat (m-MITT) population, ZTI-01 met the primary objective of noninferiority compared with PIP-TAZ with overall success rates of 64.7% (119/184 patients) vs 54.5% (97/178 patients), respectively; treatment difference was 10.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.4, 20.8). Clinical cure rates at test of cure (TOC, day 19–21) were high and similar between treatments (90.8% [167/184] vs 91.6% [163/178], respectively). In post hoc analysis using unique pathogens typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, overall success rates at TOC in m-MITT were 69.0% (127/184) for ZTI-01 versus 57.3% (102/178) for PIP-TAZ (difference 11.7% 95% CI: 1.3, 22.1). ZTI-01 was well tolerated. Most treatment-emergent adverse events, including hypokalemia and elevated serum aminotransferases, were mild and transient.

Conclusions

ZTI-01 was effective for treatment of cUTI including AP and offers a new IV therapeutic option with a differentiated MOA for patients with serious Gram-negative infections.

Clinical Trial Registration

NCT02753946
Responses of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in pregnant chronic kidney disease patients with and without superimposed pre-eclampsia
Authors: Kurlak Lesia O , Broughton Pipkin Fiona , Mohaupt Markus G , Mistry Hiten D
Published: February 2019

Background

Women with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of superimposed pre-eclampsia (SPE). Accurate identification of SPE is challenging. We hypothesized that specific components of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) would discriminate between CKD and SPE. The aim of the study was to establish differences in circulating and intrarenal RAAS in women with CKD with and without SPE and compare these to normotensive controls (NCs) and women with pre-eclampsia (PE).

Methods

White European NC women (n = 20), women with PE (n = 9), normotensive CKD without SPE (n = 8) and with SPE (n = 11) were recruited in the third trimester. Plasma renin, plasma and urine total angiotensinogen (AGT) concentrations were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, urinary tetrahydroaldosterone (TH-aldo) concentration by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and placental growth factor (PlGF) by immunoassay.

Results

Urinary TH-aldo:creatinine ratios were lower in women with PE or SPE compared with NC or women with CKD (P < 0.05 for all). The same group differences were observed for plasma active renin and PlGF concentrations (P < 0.05 for all). Urine total AGT was higher in women with PE compared with NC (P < 0.05) and urine TH-aldo:urine AGT was lower (P < 0.05). However, women with SPE had lower urinary AGT concentrations compared with women with PE (P < 0.05). No differences in plasma total AGT were observed between groups.

Conclusions

Women with SPE have a lower urinary TH-aldo:creatinine ratio, lower plasma active renin and lower PlGF concentrations than women with CKD, comparable to women with PE without pre-existing disease, suggestive of similar pathophysiology. These data suggest disruption of the RAAS pathway in SPE similar to PE. Exploration of the predictive value of RAAS components for adverse pregnancy events in women with CKD is required.
Increased rotational flow in the proximal aortic arch is associated with its dilation in bicuspid aortic valve disease
Authors: Dux-Santoy Lydia , Guala Andrea , Teixidó-Turà Gisela , Ruiz-Muñoz Aroa , Maldonado Giuliana , Villalva Nicolás , Galian Laura , Valente Filipa , Gutiérrez Laura , González-Alujas Teresa , Sao-Avilés Augusto , Johnson Kevin M , Wieben Oliver , Huguet Marina , García-Dorado David , Evangelista Arturo , Rodríguez-Palomares José F
Published: February 2019

Aims

Aortic dilation in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) might extend to the proximal arch. Arch flow dynamics and their relationship with this segment dilation are still unexplored. Using 4D-flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance, we analysed flow dynamics in the arch for each BAV morphotype and their association with this segment dilation.

Methods and results

One hundred and eleven BAV patients (aortic diameters ≤55 mm, non-severe valvular disease), 21 age-matched tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients with dilated arch and 24 healthy volunteers (HV) underwent 4D-flow. BAV were classified per fusion morphotype: 75% right-left (RL-BAV), and per arch dilation: 57% dilated, mainly affecting the right-noncoronary (RN) BAV (86% dilated vs. 47% in RL-BAV). Peak velocity, jet angle, normalized displacement, in-plane rotational flow (IRF), wall shear stress, and systolic flow reversal ratio (SFRR) were calculated along the thoracic aorta. ANCOVA and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify correlates of arch dilation. BAV had higher rotational flow and eccentricity than TAV in the proximal arch. Dilated compared with non-dilated BAV had higher IRF being more pronounced in the RN-morphotype. RN-BAV, IRF, and SFRR were independently associated with arch dilation. Aortic stenosis and male sex were independently associated with arch dilation in RL-BAV. Flow parameters associated with dilation converged to the values found in HV in the distal arch.

Conclusion

Increased rotational flow could explain dilation of the proximal arch in RN-BAV and in RL-BAV patients of male sex and with valvular stenosis. These patients may benefit from a closer follow-up with cardiac magnetic resonance or computed tomography.