bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI PERGURUAN TINGGI UMUM: LANDASAN DASAR, KONSEP, DAN APLIKASI
Authors: Zaini Dahlan, S.Pd.I., M.Pd.I. Mukhtar
Published: January 2022

Pendidikan Islam (PI) dalam pendidikan lanjutan sebagai mata perkuliahan sangat berperan dalam menanamkan rasa taqwa kepada Allah SWT. Dengan cara ini, mata kuliah Islam yang keagamaan di perguruan tinggi diberikan sebagai materi dan juga penerapannya dalam kehidupan. Pendidikan agama wajib di program pendidikan sekolah dasar hingga perguruan tinggi. Namun demikian, pendidikan keagamaan tampaknya tidak mempengaruhi perilaku remaja dan siswa. Tujuan umum Pendidikan Islam di PTU adalah untuk memberikan pembinaan dan arahan dalam pengembangan karakter siswa untuk menjadi orang yang cerdas yang menerima serta taqwa akan Allah Yang Maha Kuasa memiliki orang terhormat, berpikir berwawasan, bertindak objektif, dan memiliki perspektif elemen yang luas, ambil bagian dalam kolaborasi. antara jaringan yang keagamaan dalam menciptakan dan menggunakan ilmu pengetahuan dan inovasi hanya sebagai keahlian untuk kepentingan umum. Dengan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam sistem pembelajaran adalah dengan menempatkan siswa sebagai subjek pelatihan, pendamping dalam sistem pembelajaran, dan sebagai individu, kerabat, jaringan, dan penghuni. Sedangkan teknik yang digunakan adalah membicarakan masalah secara mendasar, ilmiah, induktif, logis, dan cemerlang melalui wacana inovatif partisipatif untuk memiliki keyakinan pada realitas substansi fundamental.
ANALYZING TRIALS THROUGH ONLINE MEDIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA
Authors: Putra Pratama Angga , Pradnya Yustiawan Dewa Gede
Published: January 2022

The Corona Virus (Covid-19) pandemic is a challenge for humans to transform life activities, so that people have to adapt to changes in human activities, along with the addition of positive cases of the Covid-19 corona virus, the government enforces the Work from Home (WFH) policy. Likewise, the judicial apparatus must carry out its obligations to carry out trials, with the existence of online court media being an alternative in conducting virtual trials/teleconferences, this is a new breakthrough in conducting trials. So that people get justice and the right to get a legal process

 

Keywords: the judge, online media, Corona Virus (covid-19)
Pengaruh Organisasi Terhadap Mahasiswa Universitas Riau
Authors: Sa’diyah Halimatus , Anwar US Kasful
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Universitas Riau tepatnya di sekretariat BEM Universitas Riau. Perbedaan pandangan antara mahasiswa yang mengikuti organisasi dan mahasiswa yang tidak mengikuti organisasi yang menyebabkan penulis tertarik meneliti masalah ini. Dengan rumusan bagaimana pengaruh aktivitas organisasi terhadap prestasi pengurus BEM Universitas Riau dan apa yang menjadi faktor nya.  Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktivitas organisasi terhadap prestasi belajar. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori organisasi, teori interaksi, teori motivasi, teori prestasi dengan menggunakan metode penelitin Kuantitatif Deskriptif. Cara mendapatkan data dengan observasi dan angket. Hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui pengaruh aktivitas organisasi terhadap prestasi belajar dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Dalam penelitian ini diketahui bahwa aktivitas organisasi memiliki pengaruh positif terhada pengurus yang mengikutinya. Salah satu pengaruh positif yag didapat adalah mampu mengatur waktu antara organisasi dengan kuliah, komunikasi baik.  Pengaruh tersebut dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, baik internal maupun eksternal. Faktor internal berasal dari diri seperti orang tua, masas depan, persaingan dan percaya diri. Sedangkan faktor eksternal seperti teman, pola fikir dan pandangan, jiwa kompetisi dan pengalaman organisasi.
Emotions at the Surface: Ribeira de Piscos, and the Role of Emotionality in its Establishment as the Major Magdalenian Site within the Openair Côa Region Rock Art Complex (Portugal)
Authors:   Côa Park Foundation, Center for Studies in Archaeology, Arts and Heritage Sciences at the University of Coimbra, Reis Mário
Published: January 2022

After its dramatic appearance in 1995, with the threat of destruction by a huge dam counteracted by the successful worldwide preservation campaign, the open-air rock art in the Côa Valley region fully confirmed the high scientific expectations it raised, now established as a major complex, with a 30 000 yearlong continuous rock art sequence, starting in the Upper Palaeolithic and up to the Modern Age, passing through Late Prehistory and the Iron Age. It is the world’s largest concentration of Upper Palaeolithic open-air rock-art, definitely updating the previously established cave art paradigm within European Palaeolithic art. With 20 000 years of continuous Palaeolithic diachrony, from the Gravettian to the Late Glacial, and including the Solutrean and Magdalenian periods, the site of Ribeira de Piscos is among the most important, mainly in the Magdalenian period, where it is the largest, in dimension and number of figures. This text aims to examine some particular figures in this site that specifically display explicit and varied emotional aspects. Besides the scarcity of this trait in Palaeolithic art, it can also be argued that these figures played an important role in the establishment and evolution of this site during the Magdalenian, and that this emotional aspect may have been symbolically essential in the definition of the site and its prevalence in the region.
Human and Mammoth Fauna in the North of the Ob Basin in the Late Neopleistocene
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolnikov Ivan , Anoikin Anton ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Altai State University, Rendu William ,   Laboratory РАСЕА UMR 5199 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Phylatov Egor ,   Novosibirsk State University, Makarov Sergei ,   Museum of Nature and Man, Rezvyi Anton ,   Museum of Nature and Man, Postnov Alexander ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Brusnitsyna Anna ,   Center for Cognitive Tourism “Luguy’s Land”, Vasilev Anton ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vybornov Anton ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arzhannikov Mikhail ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zotkina Lidia ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: January 2022

Data on the Pleistocene megafauna and the earliest evidence of the presence of Palaeolithic humans on the territory of the Northern Ob river region are analyzed. The data about the geological and geomorphological situation in the lower reaches of the Ob river is presented, the deposits of the Late Neopleistocene are characterized, and the main regularities in the taphonomy of megafaunal remains are described. Changes in the species composition of the Neopleistocene fauna from the right bank of the Big Ob and their chronology are established on the basis of numerous absolute dates obtained on bones. The results of the traceological analysis and dating of two mammoth tusk fragments with traces of human processing are presented. The authors provide information on 2020 field works on the Kushevatskaya channel and the Synya river, which gave new data on the early human settlement of the territory of the Lower Ob. It is concluded that the initial colonization of the region took place at the beginning of the Early Upper Palaeolithic, with first people coming presumably from the territory of the Urals.
Malta Bestiary: Birds, Snakes and Others…
Authors:   Graduate School of International Relations, Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Lbova Lyudmila
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the results of a complex study of the collection of zoomorphic figurines from the Upper Palaeolithic site of Malta in the Angara region of Eastern Siberia. The materials described and analyzed in the paper were obtained during the excavations by M. M. Gerasimov in 1928—1958 and are currently divided between four museums in Saint Petersburg, Moscow and Irkutsk. Based on morphometric, stylistic, technological and use wear analyses in combination with zoological, archaeozoological and ethnographic evidence, the authors propose new classification and interpretation of the zoomorphic figurines they studied. The Malta zoomorphic sculpture is notable for its realism, attention to details and sophisticated techniques of manufacture and decoration. The proposed classification forms the basis of the information system “Art of Malta culture”.
Formula of Hunting, or Put in a Word about the Poor Bison…
Authors:   South Ukraine Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky, Sekerskaya Elena
Published: January 2022

The paper deals with the sex and age composition of the population of primitive bison from the Upper Palaeolithic site of Anetovka II. This evidence is used to shed light on the hunting strategy of the site inhabitants The studied M3 sample consists of specimens. The minimum number of individuals is of which are identified as semi adult as adult as mature and as old. The studied sample looks homogeneous in every respect. The most variable characteristics of М3 are tooth crown width and talonid length while tooth crown length seems the least variable. The length to width ratio of teeth crowns suggests that many females were removed from the population. Hunting was focused on semi adult and young adult animals. This hunting strategy had an impact on the population size of the primitive bison. Animals that did not reach the desired body weight young were obtained less often which is indicative of selectivity of hunting.
Chicken Domestication in Early Holocene of Northern and Central China
Authors:   Siberian Institute of Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Shulga Daniil , Girchenko Ekaterina ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

In this article the authors consider the bone remains of chicken, the most common bird species on Earth, at thearchaeological sites of the Neolithic and Bronze Age in the Northern and Central China. The authors also analyze somehypotheses on the processes of domestication of birds in this region. Currently, the domestication of chicken in northern China dates back to 6000—8000 years BC, but in recent years in the scientific literature there are also publications that consider even earlier dates — about 10,000 years BC. At the moment, there are about 70 archaeological sites in this region, dating back to the time before the 7th cent. BC (before the appearance of written sources directly attesting the poultrykeeping), where osteological material of the genus Gallus is indicated among other finds. Nevertheless, the proportion of anatomically identifiable bones on almost all the sites is not high, so it is difficult to determine the species and subspecies of bone remains. Despite the fact that these finds in publications are usually designated as “the bones of domesticated birds”, according to the special zooarchaeological studies, only three samples out of all the collections described could really belong to this genus. Thus, chicken during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in northern China were quite rare.
Experimental Data on Jade Drilling by Hollow Bone and Copper Tube
Authors:   Russian State Professional-Pedagogical University, Nizhny Tagil Branch, Serikov Yuri , Grekhov Sergey ,   Secondary School no. 1, Kushva, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

In the Urals and adjacent territories, jade products are few and represented mainly by jewelry (rings and beads). The only exception is the preparation of the mace. All products date back to the Bronze Age. In other territories jade products (drilled axes) are known in the materials of the Borodino hoard in Moldova and hoard L in Troy. This article presents the results of experiments on drilling jade in different ways and using different abrasives. Drilling was done with a hollow bone drill and a copper tube. The experiments helped to clarify some aspects of the technology of manufacturing large diameter holes using a drill and rotation. At the same time, labor costs were determined in the process of using a bone drill and a copper tube. The important role of abrasives used for drilling has become clear.
Attributes of the Bronze Age Steppe Animal Husbandry Based on the Materials of the Sintashta Culture Funerary Practices (Solntse II Cemetery)
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Frikke Polina , Chechushkov Igor ,   South Ural State University (National Research University), Bachura Olga ,   Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, UralBranch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

The study of seasonal use of archaeological sites helps to understand lifestyles of prehistoric communities. One possible method of such research is the analysis of dental cementum of animals from the ancient settlements and burial complexes. The method offers some data about the seasonality of the animals’ slaughter that may help to explain pastoral strategies. This study presents the results of the analysis of dental cementum of sacrificed animals from Solntse II cemetery, which are compared to the data from Ust’ye I settlement. Seasonal patterns of slaughtering suggest seasonality in their use, as there are no summer offerings discovered inside the graves. This observation suggests that at least a part of the settlement’s inhabitants could be partially mobile and move to summer pastures with herds.
How Do In –Service English Teachers Enact Classroom Management Strategies in EFL Context?
Authors: Nurhadi Kardi , Afrilia Devi Nur
Published: January 2022

Despite myriad of studies explore how the teachers enacting classroom management, there is a scant from the literature on investigating how the EFL teachers experiences while they were engaging classroom management. To fill this gap, this study report the teachers lived experiences in classroom management situated in EFL classroom. Grounded in qualitative approach narrative inquiry design, this research provided critical incidents or moments engaging in classroom management. Three English teachers participate voluntarily in this study. Data were derived from semi structure interview to capture the teachers lived experiences enacting classroom management. Drawing on the thematic analysis, three emergent findings are reported here.  First, the participants showed that the importance of classroom management strategies in EFL context, and they told about the main goals of classroom management strategies Second, the conditions.  It means there are some difficulties in the classroom management but the most of difficulties in manage the classroom are vocabularies, environment, and overactive students. The researchers asked the teachers' feelings when they are teaching in the classroom Third, strategies, the researcher found there are some strategies to manage the classroom such as organizing the physical design of the classroom, establishing rules and routines, developing caring relationships, implementing engaging and effective instruction, and addressing discipline issue.
HUBUNGAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF GURU DENGAN MOTIVASI GURU SMA BIOLOGI DI KABUPATEN LEBAK PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Nugraheni Latif Sofiana
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kemampuan kognitif guru dengan motivasi guru Biologi di Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelasional.  Subjek penelitian adalah guru Biologi SMAN Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten dengan teknik pengambilan simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunaka tes kemampuan Kognitif guru dan kuesioner Motivasi guru dengan sampel sebanyak 60 guru Biologi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen non tes. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan uji model regresi (α= 0,05) dan uji koefisien korelasi dengan uji Pearson Product Moment (α= 0,05).  Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara Iklim sekolah dengan motivasi guru Biologi. Dari hasil penelitian di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan kognitif sangat dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan motivasi guru.
How is the Students' Concept Understanding Ability in Terms of Three-Dimensional Visual Spatial Intelligence?
Authors: Dian Putri Novita Ningrum  , Dian Aulia Citra Kusuma
Published: January 2022

This study aim to describe the student’s concept understanding abillity in terms of spatial intelligence in three-dimensional object. It was a descriptive-qualitative research method. Collecting data by using semi-structured tests and interviews. Subject selection used purposive sampling technique, that was selecting six students with the highest Mathematics from UTS (Midle Test) scores at Texmaco Vocational School. Data analysis techniques consist of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Validated through triangulation. Data showed that the ability of students with high visual intelligence was better than the medium and low visual intelligence’s students. Students who has low visual intelegence, have the lowest conceptual understanding ability.
Identification of Beta-Sitosterol and Stigmasterol as Possible Inhibitors of 5 Alpha-Reductase 1: An In-Silico Study
Authors: Zamani Pardis , Mokhtari Omid , Dehghanian Fariba
Published: January 2022

: Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the most critical pathogenic androgen in hair loss, is identified as an etiologic factor of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The AGA is a genetically common disorder among men and is characterized by the progressive conversion of hair follicles into small vellus hair. Steroid 5 alpha-reductase type 1 (5AR1) is a crucial target responsible for this gradual replacement. The 5AR1 function is determined by converting testosterone to DHT. The inhibitors of 5AR1 play their role by blocking the DHT production pathway. This study focused on the potent inhibitors of the 5AR1 enzyme to suggest effective synthetic drugs for restoring hair loss with fewer side effects. The three-dimensional structure of 5AR1 was created using homology modeling methods. Then, the inhibitory effects of some significant compounds from natural sources were examined on the 5AR1 protein using molecular docking approaches. The obtained results suggest that two natural compounds isolated from Serenoa repens, including beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, could inhibit the regular activity of 5AR1 and can be recommended as safe and novel AGA medicines for hair restoration.
Argumentationsanalyse aus der Perspektive der Linguistik. Juliane Schröter (2021): Linguistische Argumentationsanalyse. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag WINTER, 100 S.
Authors: Smykała Marta
Published: January 2022

Es handelt sich um die Rezension des folgendes Buches: Juliane Schröter (2021): Linguistische Argumentationsanalyse. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag WINTER, 100 S.
Modified Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) Specific Quality of Life Scale and IPSS in Assessment of Quality of Life in Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Patients due to BPH
Authors: Sarkar Debansu , Sandhu Ankit , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) in association with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) are common in elderly males. Almost half of this age group over fifth-decade of age complain of moderate to severe degree of LUTS which impedes their Quality of Life (QoL). Aim: To assess the QoL in patients with LUTS due to BPH and compare the outcomes on modified BPH-QoL scale and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) scale. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted from November 2019 to November 2020. A total of 400 men were selected for the study. The responses on both the scales (IPSS and BPH specific QoL scale) were noted and the total score was calculated. The BPH-specific QoL was compared with the IPSS scale by using the Pearson coefficient relation test. Results: Most men were in age group 50-60 years with median age of 58 years. The correlation of BPH-specific QoL scale questions with QoL question of IPSS was found to be statistically significant. The correlation coefficients of BPH-specific QoL questionnaire were found to be r=0.560 (p<0.0001) with the total IPSS and r=0.376 (p<0.0001) with the QoL score of IPSS. The reliability i.e., Cronbach’s alpha for BPH specific QoL was 0.879. Adverse symptoms of BPH in the form of fear of cancer and fear for surgery were noted while conducting the study. Conclusion: The correlation of BPH specific QoL scale and IPSS was found to be statistically significant. The BPH specific QoL scale is very useful and more comprehensive in addressing the QoL in patients with LUTS due to BPH than the IPSS scale. The BPH specific QoL scale was brief and easy to administer. It is the first study in India to use the BPH specific QoL scale to assess QoL and compare it with IPSS.
Functional and Radiological Outcomes of Proximal Tibial Fracture with Compromised Skin Condition Treated with Ilizarov External Fixator: A Clinical Interventional Study
Authors: Shrimal Aditya , Yadav Deepak Kumar , Bhati Mahesh , Chouhan Jayesh , Choudhary Pradeep
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In proximal tibia fractures, the main goal is to achieve accurate reduction and stability without significantly compromising the soft tissue integrity and vascularity. Ilizarov external fixation minimises iatrogenic soft tissue dissection and associated complication and permits early mobilisation and weight bearing. Aim: To describe the clinicoradiological outcome of proximal tibial fractures with compromised skin condition treated with ilizarov external fixation with or without minimal internal fixation. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical interventional study containing 30 cases (23 closed with compromised skin condition and seven open) of proximal tibia fractures who were treated with ilizarov external fixator between June 2018 to October 2020 was conducted. After discharge patients were followed-up at an interval of two weeks after discharge, and then on monthly basis until fracture union occurred for a minimum period of 6-12 months. Results were analysed both clinically and radiologically using Johner and Wruh’s criteria. Results: In present study of 24 males and six females were included and their mean age was 39.66±11.32 years. Fracture union was achieved in all cases with a maximum period of 22 weeks and minimum being 12 weeks on fixator. Average number of days on fixator was 105. Average range of motion of knee was 115.52±13.32° with one patient having extension lag up to 15° and six patients having extension lag up to 10°. No patient complained of functional knee instability. Pin track infection occurred in six patients, three patients had joint stiffness and limb shortening occurred in two patients. Overall results according to Johner and Wruh’s criteria were excellent in 23 patients, good in five patients and fair in two patients. Conclusion: Illizarov external fixature is an excellent treatment method in proximal tibia fracture with compromised skin condition not immediately amenable to internal fixation.
Accidental Consumption of Distinguished Substance in Disguise- A Rare Case of Minoxidil Poisoning
Authors: Aftab Mohammed Isaq Amreliya , Reddy Karri Vijaya Phani Vardhan , Siddharth Pugalendhi , Green Siva Ranganathan , Tumbanatham Appikatla
Published: January 2022

Minoxidil is a powerful direct acting vasodilator that was used clinically as an oral antihypertensive drug in combination with beta blockers and diuretics in cases of hypertension refractory to other antihypertensives. A 58-year-old male presented to the Emergency Department with an alleged history of accidental consumption of around 10 mL of 5% topical minoxidil solution. He had developed tachycardia, severe hypotension, and characteristic Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes with no obvious chest pain. He was treated with continuous intravenous (i.v.) crystalloids, dual inotropes and other supportive measures. The patient also developed acute pulmonary oedema and acute kidney injury. He responded to treatment and gradually improved haemodynamically with resolution of ECG changes and acute kidney injury. He was discharged seven days after admission. The patient showed resolution of characteristic ECG changes and improvement in haemodynamic condition of patient with supportive management in hospital.
Extracalvarial Porocarcinoma- A Rare Case Report
Authors: Singh Satyam , Jajoo Suhas , Chaudhari Abhishek Vaijnath , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya
Published: January 2022

Eccrine Porocarcinoma (EPC) is a very rare malignant neoplasm of skin. It usually emerges from the ductal parts of sweat glands. It is seen mostly between the age group of 60 to 80 years with a female preponderance. Several cases of EPC have been reported in medical literature till date. Though, it rarely presents with distant metastasis, still evidences of metastasis to organs like lung, retroperitoneum, breast, urinary bladder and ovaries have been reported. Conventionally, it arises de novo, and may develop on sites of long standing eccrine poroma. Several unusual sites like trunk, head, face, eyelids, upper limbs, and scrotum have been reported; though lower extremities are the most common site of origin. Locoregional recurrence and metastasis have also been reported. Histopathological documentation of mitoses, lymphovascular invasion and measurement of tumour depth predicts adverse prognosis in EPC. Earlier, eccrine adenocarcinoma or malignant eccrine poroma terminology were used. As far as clinical presentation is concerned, the EPC is usually symptomless to begin with, which further ulcerates and may become aching and irritable. From a clinicopathological perspective the importance of the tumour lies in its early correct diagnosis, awareness of the close differentials, adequate surgery and most importantly clearance of surgical margins and adjuvant radiotherapy are mandatory decisions to prevent the high local recurrence. The basis of management involves wide local excision with clear margin. The following case, a 42-year-old male presented with an ulcerated mass on the scalp, which on further evaluation was diagnosed as an EPC of the scalp after histopathologic confirmation. The patient was treated with local wide excision with clear margin and was referred for radiotherapy.
Clinical and Cardiorespiratory Polygraphy Profile in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Settu Jeyakumar , Selvaraj Stalin , Venkatasamy Seenivasan
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory Polygraphy (CRP) is a less costly and simplified alternative to time consuming and laborious over night polysomnography for diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) in children. The Apnoea Hypopnea Index (AHI) is simple and useful index that can be estimated by using CRP. The magnitude of AHI which reflects severity of OSAS is unknown in the paediatric population. Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics and to estimate AHI in a population of children with obstructive sleep apnoea and hypopnea syndrome. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 1500 children, below 12 years of age, from January 2018 to November 2018. They were screened using Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) in the Outpatient Departments of General Paediatrics and Pulmonology respectively, at the Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Those children identified to have probable OSAS were made to undergo cardiorespiratory assessment. Children with craniofacial syndromes and congenital heart disease were excluded from the study. Anthropometric parameters, vital signs, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were recorded. AHI and oxyhaemoglobin desaturation index were estimated in CRP. After descriptive analysis, non parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to find out any significant difference in median values of AHI in clinical subgroups. Regression analysis was done between AHI values and BMI. Results: Total 47 children were subjected to cardiorespiratory polygraphy. There was no statistically significant difference in gender distribution and prevalence of adenoid enlargement (p-value=0.1447 and 0.7705, respectively). It was found that maximum occurrence of OSAS was at the age of 6 years (25.5%). Based on AHI score 44.7% children fell in moderate to severe OSAS category. There was a poor correlation between BMI scores and AHI, though no significant difference was observed (r=-0.266, p-value=0.07087). The difference in median AHI between males and females was not statistically significant (p-value=0.5256), while that between children with/without adenoid enlargement was statistically significant (p-value ≤0.001). Conclusion: Children with adenoid hypertrophy have higher AHI than children without adenoid hypertrophy. There is lack of evidence for male predominance in the study. Obesity poorly correlated with AHI score.
Adsorption of Colour Pigments from Palm Kernel Oil onto Biopolymer Prepared from Periwinkle Shell Waste
Authors: Ayorinde Jeje, O. , Edema O. G.
Published: January 2022

The study was carried out to investigate the bleaching efficiency of chitosan for pigments removal from palm kernel oil (PKO). Chitosan was synthesized from periwinkle shell waste by chemical technique involving demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation. The bleaching was carried out (batch process) at various adsorbent dosages (1.0-3.0 g). The bleaching adsorbents (Periwinkle Shell Powder, PSP and chitosan periwinkle shell powder, CPSP) were characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for their elemental composition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to observe the presence of functional groups in the samples. The results obtained revealed alteration in the concentration (wt. %) and distribution of different compositional elements. The broad peak at 3272.6 cm-1 and the absence of bands 1744.4, 1628.8, 1461.1 cm-1 in PSP revealed forming and breaking of bonds in PSP and CPSP. The bleaching process was tested with four different adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin – Radushkevich (D-R). The PSP has the higher percentage bleaching efficiency (66.56) while CPSP has 47.05 using 1.0 g each of the biopolymer however 1/n Freundlich isotherm constants which is an indication of adsorption intensity was higher in CPSP (3.4) compare with PSP (2.68). The adsorption process followed D-R in both CPSP and PSP (R2; 0.827 and 0.988 respectively) the mean free energies (EkJ/mol) of both CPSP and PSP (-35.71 and -12.90 respectively) were less than 8 kJ/mol suggesting physical adsorption.
Pterocarpus soyauxii (Fabaceae) Heartwood Aqueous Extract Exhibits Anti-osteoporotic Activities in a Postmenopausal-like Model
Authors: Emmanuell Owona Pascal , Yolande Sandrine Mengue Ngadena , Nguegan Lohik Mbolang , Goufani Ronald Bidingha A. , Chantal Ngoungoure Madeleine , Ségolène Kegne , Yannick Carlos Tcheutchoua , Claude Bilanda Danielle , Pierre Kamtchouing , Paul Désiré Dzeufiet Djomeni
Published: January 2022

Previous studies showed that Pterocarpus soyauxii (P. soyauxii) exhibits estrogenic activities ease menopausal disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate anti-osteoporotic activities of the aqueous extract of P. soyauxii heartwood in ovariectomized (Ovx) Wistar rats. To achieve this, an 84-day postmenopausal osteoporosis model was used. Twenty-five female rats were ovariectomized and 5 others were sham-operated (Sham). After 84 days of hypoestrogenism, Ovx animals were divided into 5 groups including a group receiving distilled water at 10 mL/kg, a group receiving estradiol valerate (E2V) at 1 mg/kg, and three groups receiving P. soyauxii extract at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg; Sham-operated animals received vehicle (10 mL/kg). After 28 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed. Blood was collected in EDTA tubes for blood count and in dry test tubes. Some femoral and seric biochemical analyses were carried out. The relative mass of both tibia and femur, and femoral density were assessed. As result, oophorectomy significantly increased the level of white blood cells (WBC) (p ˂0.01), MDA (p ˂0.01), nitrites (p ˂0.001), and urinary calcium/urinary creatinine ratio (p ˂0.01). Ovx animals presented a low femoral calcium and phosphorus levels (p ˂0.05) likewise ALP activity in both serum and femur compared to sham group. Thus, they also presented numerous resorption lacunae in the tibia and femur and a disorganization of tibia trabecular bone. P. soyauxii extract at 300 mg/kg significantly decreased WBC (p ˂0.05), MDA (p ˂0.01), and nitrites (p ˂0.001) compared to vehicle. At the dose of 200 mg/kg, P. soyauxii extract significantly increased femoral calcium (p ˂0.05), seric phosphorus (p ˂0.01), and ALP activity (p ˂0, 05) in both femur and serum, as well as relative femoral mass (p ˂0.05) and density (p ˂0.001). Furthermore, the plant extract at 200 and 300 mg/kg reduced resorptive lacunae and reconstituted trabecular bone in Ovx animals. Overall, aqueous extract of P. soyauxii exhibits anti-osteoporotic activities in a postmenopausal-like model in Wistar rats.
Characterization and commissioning of a Leksell Gamma Knife ICON system for framed and frameless stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Hu Yue‐Houng , Hickling Susannah V. , Qian Jing , Blackwell C. Robert , McLemore Luke B. , Tryggestad Erik J.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The Leksell Gamma Knife Icon unit (IU) was introduced recently as an upgrade to the Perfexion unit (PU) at our Gamma Knife practice. In the current study, we sought mainly to characterize dosimetry and targeting accuracy of the IU treatment deliveries using both invasive frame and frameless treatment workflows.

Methods

Relative output factors were measured by delivering single‐shot 4, 8 and 16 mm radiation profiles in the manufacturer's acrylonitrile butadiene styrene spherical phantom in coronal and sagittal planes using EBT3 film. Resultant dosimetry was compared with the manufacturer's dose calculation and derived output factors were compared with the manufacturer's published value. Geometric consistency of stereotactic coordinates based on cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) versus the traditional conventional CT‐based method was characterized using a rigid phantom containing nine fiducial indicators over four separate trials. End‐to‐end (E2E) testing using EBT3 film was designed to evaluate both dosimetric and geometric accuracy for hypothetical framed and frameless workflows.

Results

Relative output factors as measured by the manufacturer were independently confirmed using EBT3 film measurements to within 2%. The mean 3D radial discrepancy in stereotactic space between CBCT and CT‐based definition over the sampled locations in our rigid geometry phantom was demonstrated to be between 0.40 mm and 0.56 mm over the set of trials, larger than prior reported values. E2E performed in 2D demonstrates sub‐mm (and typically < 0.5 mm) accuracy for framed and frameless workflows; geometric accuracy of framed treatments using CBCT‐defined stereotactic coordinates was shown to be slightly improved in comparison with those defined using conventional CT. Furthermore, in phantom, frameless workflows exhibited better accuracy than framed workflows for fractionated treatments, despite large magnitudes of introduced interfraction setup error. Accuracy of dosimetric delivery was confirmed in terms of qualitative comparisons of dose profiles and in terms of 2D gamma pass rates based on 1%/1 mm criteria.

Conclusion

The IU was commissioned for clinical use of frameless and framed treatment protocols. The present study outlines an extensive E2E methodology for confirmation of dosimetric and geometric treatment accuracy.
Site‐Specific Axial Oxygen Coordinated FeN4 Active Sites for Highly Selective Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Zhang Ting , Han Xu , Liu Hong , Biset‐Peiró Martí , Li Jian , Zhang Xuan , Tang Pengyi , Yang Bo , Zheng Lirong , Morante Joan Ramon , Arbiol Jordi
Published: January 2022

Regulating the coordination environment via heteroatoms to break the symmetrical electronic structure of M‐N4 active sites provides a promising route to engineer metal‐nitrogen‐carbon catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. However, it remains challenging to realize a site‐specific introduction of heteroatoms at atomic level due to their energetically unstable nature. Here, this paper reports a facile route via using an oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐rich metal–organic framework (MOF) (IRMOF‐3) as the precursor to construct the Fe‐O and Fe‐N chelation, simultaneously, resulting in an atomically dispersed axial O‐coordinated FeN4 active site. Compared to the FeN4 active sites without O coordination, the formed FeN4‐O sites exhibit much better catalytic performance toward CO, reaching a maximum FECO of 95% at −0.50 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, such performance exceeds that of the existing Fe‐N‐C‐based catalysts derived from sole N‐rich MOFs. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the axial O‐coordination regulates the binding energy of intermediates in the reaction pathways, resulting in a smoother desorption of CO and increased energy for the competitive hydrogen production.
Highly Efficient Cellular Acoustic Absorber of Graphene Ultrathin Drums
Authors: Pang Kai , Liu Xiaoting , Pang Jintao , Samy Akram , Xie Jin , Liu Yingjun , Peng Li , Xu Zhen , Gao Chao
Published: January 2022

Atomically thin 2D graphene sheets exhibit unparalleled in‐plane stiffness and large out‐of‐plane elasticity, thereby providing strong mechanical resonance for nanomechanical devices. The exceptional resonance behavior of ultrathin graphene, which promises the fabrication of superior acoustic absorption materials, however, remains unfulfilled for the lack of applicable form and assembly methods. Here, a highly efficient acoustic absorber is presented, wherein cellular networks of ultrathin graphene membranes are constructed into polymer foams. The ultrathin graphene drums exhibit strong resonances and efficiently dissipate sound waves in a broad frequency range. A record specific noise reduction coefficient (51.3 at 30 mm) is achieved in the graphene‐based acoustic absorber, fully realizing the superior resonance properties of graphene sheets. The scalable method facilely transforms commercial polymer foams to superior acoustic absorbers with a ≈320% enhancement in average absorption coefficient across wide frequencies from 200 to 6000 Hz. The graphene acoustic absorber offers a convenient method to exploit the extraordinary resonance properties of 2D sheets, opening extensive new applications in noise protection, building design, instruments and acoustic devices.
Ultra‐High Electrical Conductivity in Filler‐Free Polymeric Hydrogels Toward Thermoelectrics and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Qing , Li Kuncai , Sun Xu , Wang Yizhuo , Zhuang Tiantian , Yan Junjie , Wang Hong
Published: January 2022

Conducting hydrogels have attracted much attention for the emerging field of hydrogel bioelectronics, especially poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) based hydrogels, because of their great biocompatibility and stability. However, the electrical conductivities of hydrogels are often lower than 1 S cm−1 which are not suitable for digital circuits or applications in bioelectronics. Introducing conductive inorganic fillers into the hydrogels can improve their electrical conductivities. However, it may lead to compromises in compliance, biocompatibility, deformability, biodegradability, etc. Herein, a series of highly conductive ionic liquid (IL) doped PEDOT:PSS hydrogels without any conductive fillers is reported. These hydrogels exhibit high conductivities up to ≈305 S cm−1, which is ≈8 times higher than the record of polymeric hydrogels without conductive fillers in literature. The high electrical conductivity results in enhanced areal thermoelectric output power for hydrogel‐based thermoelectric devices, and high specific electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency which is about an order in magnitude higher than that of state‐of‐the‐art conductive hydrogels in literature. Furthermore, these stretchable (strain >30%) hydrogels exhibit fast self‐healing, and shape/size‐tunable properties, which are desirable for hydrogel bioelectronics and wearable organic devices. The results indicate that these highly conductive hydrogels are promising in applications such as sensing, thermoelectrics, EMI shielding, etc.
Enhanced Terahertz Transmission in Molybdenum Disulfide/Silicon Heterojunction
Authors: Hao Sibo , Cheng Yicheng , Zhou Jiangping , Xiong Hongting , Yang Peidi , Chen Xinhou , Xiong Wanyin , He Feng , Li Qiao , Liu Jianwei , Miao Jungang , Chen Sai , Qiao Shuang , Wu Xiaojun
Published: January 2022

Recent advances of terahertz (THz) science and technology are witnessing the rapid development of disruptive applications in THz wireless communication and radars, intelligent sensing, and imaging among others. However, the lack of sufficiently multifunctional devices, such as THz modulators, is impeding the proliferation of THz applications, expecting breakthroughs in new materials, structures, and phenomena. Herein, for the first time, anomalously enhanced THz transmission phenomenon in vertically standing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoplates integrated onto silicon (Si) substrates under active tailoring of photoheating and photodoping is reported. The formation of MoS2/Si heterojunction enables a heat‐induced broadband amplitude improvement exceeding 10%, while photodoping reduces the THz absorption by ≈70% in the measurement frequency region of 0.2–2.0 THz. Through systematically discriminating the transmitted and reflected THz responses from MoS2/Si heterojunction and those from Si substrates, the photothermally decreased THz conductivity can be attributed to the scattering effects, while photodoping‐induced enhancement originates from the decreased carrier density. Further verification experiments are implemented on a 100 GHz video imaging system, and the THz transmission spots become brighter under both stimuli. The observations not only enable an impellent understanding of low‐dimensional light–matter interactions but also provide possible routes for developing novel, integrated, multifunctional THz optoelectronic devices.
Copper‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Cyclization of Isatins and Trifluoroacetimidohydrazides for the Synthesis of 2‐(5‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)anilines
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yang Zuguang , Chen Zhengkai , Liu Leifang , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: January 2022

A copper‐catalyzed intramolecular decarbonylative cyclization reaction of isatins and trifluoroacetimidohydrazides for the synthesis of 2‐(5‐trifluoromethyl‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)aniline derivatives has been developed. This transformation proceeds through a cascade condensation, hydrolysis, decarboxylation, and intramolecular C−N bond formation sequence. The obtained 1,2,4‐triazole products bearing a free amino group can be readily converted into other useful compounds.

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Dynamic Adjust of Non‐Radiative and Radiative Attenuation of AIE Molecules Reinforces NIR‐II Imaging Mediated Photothermal Therapy and Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Zhenjie , Yu Ling , Wang Yuehua , Wang Chenlu , Mu Qingchun , Liu Xiaojing , Yu Meng , Wang Kang‐Nan , Yao Guangyu , Yu Zhiqiang
Published: January 2022

Due to the aggregation‐caused quenching effect and near‐infrared I poor penetration capabilities of common fluorescent molecules, their applications in visualized imaging and photoactivated treatment are limited. Therefore, new near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) molecule (named TST), which had the abilities of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and photothermal therapy are synthesized. Moreover, in order to further improve its fluorescent yield and therapeutic effect, camptothecin prodrug (CPT‐S‐PEG) and novel immune checkpoint inhibitor AZD4635 are used to co‐assemble with TST into nanoparticles for drug delivery. On account of the strong interaction of camptothecin and TST, the intramolecular rotation of TST is limited, thereby inhibiting non‐radiation attenuation and promoting fluorescence generation when the nanoparticles are intact. As nanoparticles uptake by cancer cells, redox sensitive CPT‐S‐PEG is degraded and the nanoparticles disintegrate. The released TST enhances non‐radiative attenuation and expedites photothermal conversion because of the removal of the constraint of camptothecin. Furthermore, photothermal therapy induces immunogenic cell death of cancer cells and releases abundant ATP into the tumor microenvironment to recruit immune cells. However, superfluous ATP is converted into immunosuppressive adenosine through the CD39‐CD73‐A2AR pathway. The AZD4635 released by photothermal disintegration of the nanoparticles just blocks this pathway timely, achieving favorable synergistic effect of photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Low‐Crystalline AuCuIn Catalyst for Gaseous CO2 Electrolyzer
Authors: Han Gyeong Ho , Kim Junhyeong , Jang Seohyeon , Kim Hyunki , Guo Wenwu , Hong Seokjin , Shin Junhyeop , Nam Inho , Jang Ho Won , Kim Soo Young , Ahn Sang Hyun
Published: January 2022

Despite its importance for the establishment of a carbon‐neutral society, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value‐added products has not been commercialized yet because of its sluggish kinetics and low selectivity. The present work reports the fabrication of a low‐crystalline trimetallic (AuCuIn) CO2 electroreduction catalyst and demonstrates its high performance in a gaseous CO2 electrolyzer. The high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of CO formation observed at a low overpotential in a half‐cell test is ascribed to the controlled crystallinity and composition of this catalyst as well as to its faster charge transfer, downshifted d‐band center, and low oxophilicity. The gaseous CO2 electrolyzer with the optimal catalyst as the cathode exhibits superior cell performance with a high CO FE and production rate, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art analogs. Thus, the obtained results pave the way to the commercialization of CO2 electrolyzers and promote the establishment of a greener society.
Ultrathin and Efficient Organic Photovoltaics with Enhanced Air Stability by Suppression of Zinc Element Diffusion
Authors: Xiong Sixing , Fukuda Kenjiro , Lee Shinyoung , Nakano Kyohei , Dong Xinyun , Yokota Tomoyuki , Tajima Keisuke , Zhou Yinhua , Someya Takao
Published: January 2022

Ultrathin (thickness less than 10 µm) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) can be applied to power soft robotics and wearable electronics. In addition to high power conversion efficiency, stability under various environmental stresses is crucial for the application of ultrathin OPVs. In this study, the authors realize highly air‐stable and ultrathin (≈3 µm) OPVs that possess high efficiency (15.8%) and an outstanding power‐per‐weight ratio of 33.8 W g−1. Dynamic secondary‐ion mass spectrometry is used to identify Zn diffusion from the electron transport layer zinc oxide (ZnO) to the interface of photoactive layer; this diffusion results in the degradation of the ultrathin OPVs in air. The suppression of the Zn diffusion by a chelating strategy results in stable ultrathin OPVs that maintain 89.6% of their initial efficiency after storage for 1574 h in air at room temperature under dark conditions and 92.4% of their initial efficiency after annealing for 172 h at 85 °C in air under dark conditions. The lightweight and stable OPVs also possess excellent deformability with 87.3% retention of the initial performance after 5000 cycles of a compressing–stretching test with 33% compression.