bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Text of Jeremiah: Re-Examining the Evidence from Kings
Authors: Frohlich James , de Waard Henk
Published: January 2021

Jeremiah 52 largely parallels 2 Kgs 25, and Jer 40–43 contains various sentences that are also found in 2 Kgs 25:22–26. The present article compares these parallel texts, in order to determine the relationship between the Masoretic text of Jeremiah and the book’s Old Greek translation. It concludes that this relationship is complex, but that the agreements between the Greek text of Jeremiah and the Hebrew text of Kings support the view that the Old Greek of Jeremiah reflects an early Hebrew version of the book.
Adriaan Koerbagh, “An Excellent Mathematician but a Wicked Fellow”
Authors: Lavaert Sonja
Published: January 2021

In the spirit of the new naturalism, Adriaan Koerbagh defends in Een Ligt schijnende in duystere plaatsen (1668) the freedom to philosophize with a fundamental critique of religion and metaphysics. He links this criticism to the politically radical, anti-hierarchical idea of universal equality and freedom. Moreover, by writing in Dutch, he addresses a broad audience with this explosive mixture of ideas. At the very center of his naturalism is the idea of an indifferent God or nature. He criticizes, unmasks, and translates improper language that is aimed at deception and oppression, and leads to violence. His loanword dictionary Een Bloemhof van allerley lieflijkheyd sonder verdriet (1668) can be seen as the preparatory handwork to this critical project. Koerbagh thereby places himself in the line of the clandestine freethinkers such as Vanini, the anonymous authors of Theophrastus redivivus and De jure ecclesiasticorum, Spinoza, and the clandestine text written ‘in the spirit of Spinoza,’ Traité des trois imposteurs. I will illustrate this genealogical line and thus illuminate the significance of this (politically) subversive thinker for the radical Enlightenment.
Descartes’s Letter to Voetius
Authors: Verbeek Theo
Published: January 2021

In the Letter to Voetius (Epistola ad Voetium, 1643) Descartes defends himself against the attacks on his philosophy by the Utrecht theologian Gisbertus Voetius (1589–1676). Although much of that work is devoted to a discussion of particular questions and accusations, it also contains a few chapters of a more general nature, in which Descartes discusses the social, cultural, and moral dimensions of different types of learning.
The Holocaust of His Discretion
Authors: Clayton Tom
Published: January 2021

This essay establishes the significance of the concept of “discretion” to the scope and nature of episcopal power in the early Stuart Church. Examples are drawn from the Church’s constitutional documents and the ecclesiology of Richard Hooker, where “discretion” named a faculty of judgment and the particularly controversial form of autonomous power over adiaphora, or “things indifferent,” proper to the clergy. Turning to the manuscript and print records of a dispute between Bishop of Lincoln John Williams and the Archiepiscopal regime of William Laud, the essay argues that contrasting interpretations of discretion within the Church’s institutional culture characterized divergent approaches to conformity. These differences were established through the metaphors that translated between objects at the edges of episcopal jurisdictions and the concerns closest to the Church’s doctrinal identity. Disputes over these metaphors aggravated constitutional tensions in the years preceding the civil wars.
Proposition de création d’une chaire d’Analyse générale et calcul des probabilités (1946)
Authors: Mandelbrojt Szolem
Published: January 2021

Resume

Mandelbrojt entend ici promouvoir la création d’un enseignement qui corresponde à l’état des mathématiques du XXe siècle dont il indique la genèse. Il accompagne cet objet d’une attention particulière aux avancées les plus abstraites du calcul des probabilités. La proposition comporte une leçon de philosophie des hautes mathématiques de son temps adressée à un auditoire attentif mais peu spécialisé. Il en résulte une pièce exceptionnelle d’épistémologie des mathématiques.
Mythic Imagination Today
Authors: Marks-Tarlow Terry
Published: January 2021

Mythic Imagination Today is an illustrated guide to the interpenetration of mythology and science throughout the ages. This publication brings alive our collective need for story to guide the rules, roles, and relationships of everyday life. Whereas mythology is born primarily of perception and imagination, science emerges from systematic observation and experimentation. Both disciplines arise from endless curiosity about the workings of the Universe combined with creative urges to transform inner and outer worlds. Both disciplines are located within open neural wiring that gives rise to uniquely human capacities for learning, memory, and metaphor. Explored are the origins of story within the social brain; mythmakers and myths from multiple cultures; and how contemporary sciences of chaos and complexity theories and fractal geometry dovetail with ancient wisdom. The ancient Greek myth of Psyche and Eros is unpacked in detail—origins of the very concepts of ‘psyche’ and ‘psychology’.
Hanceola yuanyangensis (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae), a new species from Yunnan, China
Authors: CHEN YOU-SHENG , XIANG CHUN-LEI , WU JIAN-YONG , LIAO JUN-JIE , ZHENG HAI-LEI
Published: January 2021

Hanceola is a genus of nine herbaceous or subshrubby species ranging from southern China to Northern Vietnam. Hanceola yuanyangensis, a new species from Yuanyang County, Yunnan, southwest China, is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically most similar to H. tuberifera, but differs in characters of tuber, corolla, style and phenology.
Blumea sonbhadrensis, a new synonym of Erigeron sublyratus (Asteraceae)
Authors: TIWARI ARJUN PRASAD , GARG ARTI , SHUKLA ACHUTA NAND
Published: January 2021

Our critical examination of the type material and protologue of Blumea sonbhadrensis Narain et al. revealed that this species actually corresponds to Erigeron sublyratus (Astereae), instead of Blumea mollis (Inuleae) as originally supposed. The species is therefore resolved here as a synonym of Erigeron sublyratus.
The Benefits and Challenges of Implementing Impact-Based Severe Weather Warning Systems: Perspectives of Weather, Flood, and Emergency Management Personnel
Authors: Potter Sally , Harrison Sara , Kreft Peter
Published: January 2021

Warnings about impending hazards help to minimize the impacts and reduce the risk of the hazard through encouraging an appropriate and timely behavioral response. Many hydrometeorological agencies are moving toward impact-based forecast and warning (IBFW) systems, as encouraged by the World Meteorological Organization. Yet little research has been conducted on such systems from the perspectives of agencies who are or would be involved in their implementation. We investigated the challenges and benefits of IBFW systems as perceived by participants from agencies internationally and within New Zealand. Interviews and workshops were held with meteorologists and weather forecasters, flood forecasters and hydrologists, and emergency managers. We found that the benefits of implementing IBFW systems included a perceived increase in the understanding of the potential impacts by the public, added awareness of antecedent conditions by forecasters, a possible reduction in “false alarms,” and increased interagency communication. Challenges identified by the participants included whether the system should be designed for individuals or society, a lack of impact data, verification of warnings based on impacts, a conflict with roles and responsibilities, the potential for conflicting messages, and the increased burden on agencies providing information to forecasters with a perception of little benefit in return. We argue that IBFWs could be designed for individual members of the public, with an increased focus on understanding vulnerability and capacities, and that more impact data need to be collected and stored to inform future warnings. Increased interagency coordination would assist with rapid decision-making and the success of IBFWs.
Incarceration among adults living with psychosis in Indigenous populations in Cape York and the Torres Strait
Authors: Charlson Fiona , Gynther Bruce , Obrecht Karin , Heffernan Ed , David Michael , Young Jesse T , Hunter Ernest
Published: January 2021

Objective:

The relationship between psychosis and contact with the criminal justice system for Indigenous people living in rural and remote areas is not well understood. In this study, the authors examine patterns of incarceration among Indigenous people living with psychosis in Cape York and the Torres Strait over two decades.

Methods:

Data were collated from a clinical database of complete psychiatric records from 1992 to 2015, extracted for all Indigenous patients with a psychotic disorder from the Remote Area Mental Health Service, and linked to the Queensland Corrections Service database. Descriptive statistics were calculated to compare characteristics between those incarcerated and those not incarcerated during the study period and to quantify patterns of incarceration including types of offences, time spent in custody and frequency of incarceration. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess associations between reported variables and ‘first incarceration’.

Results:

Forty-five percent of Aboriginal patients ( n = 116) were incarcerated compared with 31% of Torres Strait Islanders ( n = 41) ( p = 0.008), and the proportion of males incarcerated (51%, n = 141) was approximately twice that of females (24%, n = 35; p = 0.001). A cluster of first incarcerations were observed in close time proximity to diagnosis of psychosis. Individuals who had a history of both alcohol and cannabis use had approximately two times higher risk of being incarcerated following positive diagnosis compared to those without a history of substance use (hazard ratio = 1.85; 95% confidence interval: [1.08, 3.17]; p = 0.028). Males accounted for approximately 85% ( n = 328) of sentences. The most common most serious offence was causing physical harm to others (assault – n = 122, 31%).

Conclusion:

Our study found that for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with a psychotic disorder in North Queensland, criminal justice responses with resultant incarceration occurs frequently. Access to appropriate mental health services and diversion options for Indigenous Australians with psychosis should be a key public health and justice priority.
Severe Periodontal Disease Increases Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke: A 10-Year Retrospective Follow-up Study
Authors: Cho H.J. , Shin M.S. , Song Y. , Park S.K. , Park S.M. , Kim H.D.
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the causal association of periodontal disease with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, after controlling for various confounders among the Korean population. A retrospective cohort study using the National Health Insurance Service–National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) was performed during 2002 to 2015 (baseline: 2002 to 2005; follow-up: 2006 to 2015) in the Republic of Korea. A total of 298,128 participants with no history of AMI or stroke were followed up for 10 y. AMI and stroke were defined by a diagnosis using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision ( ICD-10) guideline. Periodontal condition was classified into 3 groups (healthy, moderate periodontal disease, severe periodontal disease [SPD]) using the combination of ICD codes, treatment codes in the NHIS, and recommendation of periodontal treatment by the dentists in HEALS. Various confounders, such as sociodemographic, behavioral, systemic, and oral health factors, including hypercholesterolemia, were considered. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was applied to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratio (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]) based on person-year of periodontal condition for AMI, stroke, and nonfatal major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) encompassing AMI or stroke controlling for various confounders. Stratified analyses according to age group, sex, and toothbrushing frequency were also performed. After controlling for various confounders, participants with SPD compared with non-SPD participants had a higher incidence by 11% for AMI (aHR, 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.20), by 3.5% for stroke (aHR, 1.035; 95% CI, 1.01–1.07), and by 4.1% for MACEs (aHR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.07). The association of SPD with AMI and MACE was highly modified in females and adults aged 40 to 59 y. In the total Korean population, SPD increased total AMI events by 4.3%, total stroke events by 1.4%, and the total MACEs by 1.6%. Our data confirmed that SPD was causally associated with the new events of AMI and stroke.
Reorienting Oral Health Services to Prevention: Economic Perspectives
Authors: Vernazza C.R. , Birch S. , Pitts N.B.
Published: January 2021

Despite the recognized need to change the emphasis of health services by shifting the balance from treatment to prevention, limited progress has been made in many settings. This is true in oral health, where evidence for preventive interventions that work has not been systematically exploited in oral health services. While reorienting health services is complex and context specific, economics can bring a helpful perspective in understanding and predicting the impact of changes in resource allocation, provider remuneration systems, and patient payments. There is an increasing literature on the economics of different prevention approaches. However, much of this literature focuses on the costs and potential savings of alternative approaches and fails to take into account benefits. Even where benefits are taken into account, these tend to be narrowly focused on clinical outcomes using cost-effectiveness analysis, which may be of little relevance to the policy maker, patient, and the public. Some commonly used economic approaches (such as quality-adjusted life years and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios) may also not be appropriate to oral health. Using alternative techniques, including wider measures of benefit and employing priority setting and resource allocation tools, may provide more comprehensive information on economic impact to decision makers and stakeholders. In addition, it is important to consider the effects of provider remuneration in reorienting services. While there is some evidence about traditional models of remuneration (fee for service and capitation), less is known about pay for performance and blended systems. This article outlines areas in which economics can offer an insight into reorientation of health systems toward prevention, highlighting areas for further research and consideration.
Cocaine Rituals in Club Culture: Intensifying and Controlling Alcohol Intoxication
Authors: Edland-Gryt Marit
Published: January 2021

Clubbing is an important part of the nighttime economy, and cocaine use is, for some young people, an essential part of this clubbing culture. However, the interaction rituals around the use of powder cocaine in this context remain understudied. This study is based on qualitative interviews with young adult recreational cocaine users ( n = 28) and explores how they use cocaine in club settings, in relation to rituals and drinking culture. The analysis identified three main explanations for using cocaine: (a) unity with friends because of shared transgression, (b) the high as a “collective effervescence,” and (c) the possibility to control, extend, and intensify drinking to intoxication. These three explanations illustrate how cocaine rituals were deeply integrated in drinking-to-intoxication rituals, and how the illegality of cocaine use reinforced feelings of unity with friends. In the nighttime economy, cocaine use and its related rituals are used to intensify and control alcohol-fuelled partying.
The role of asylum in processes of urban gentrification
Authors: Hill Emma , Meer Nasar , Peace Timothy
Published: January 2021

This article analyses the relationship between the accommodation of Dispersed asylum seekers and urban gentrification in the UK. We argue that alongside other racialised and classed minorities, asylum seekers are vulnerable to spatial strategies associated with gentrification such as neighbourhood ‘dumping’, containment and ‘territorial stigmatisation’, the highly coercive quality of the UK government’s Dispersal Scheme means that any relationship between asylum and gentrification must be treated as deliberate, the result of the multiscalar interests which have a stake both in Dispersal and urban ‘development’. Drawing on empirical research conducted in Glasgow, the recipient of the largest asylum seeking population annually in the UK, we find that asylum accommodation processes and gentrification have developed a symbiotic dynamic, whereby the ‘failure’ of mid twentieth-century urban ‘regeneration’ provided means and motive for Dispersal, and Dispersal provided sufficient resources to fuel further rounds of urban ‘regeneration’. We also find that recent changes to the Dispersal contract, from a dynamic in which resources were associated with housing availability, to one in which they are associated with maximum housing capacity, have created conditions for alternative forms of gentrification, in which strategies such as rent gap suppression are seen as having potential to yield more capital than infrastructural development. Finally, we argue that the respective spatial politics of both Dispersal and gentrification must be understood as mutually-interested, coercive technologies, which work together to contain and exploit racialised and bordered urban minorities. We call for urgent further research into how the asylum border is embedded in contemporary urban spatial economies.
Queering the Map: Stories of love, loss and (be)longing within a digital cartographic archive
Authors: Kirby Emma , Watson Ash , Churchill Brendan , Robards Brady , LaRochelle Lucas
Published: January 2021

The rise of crowdsourced and participatory digital platforms which aim to make visible the experiences of otherwise marginalised people are significant within the broader landscape of digitally mediated community spaces. One example of such media is Queering the Map, a digital storymapping platform where users anonymously pin ‘queer moments’ and memories to places. While the mediation of affect and intimacy in digital spaces among queer people is increasingly attended to in scholarly work, the cartographic and archival remains hitherto underexplored. Drawing on an analysis of almost 2000 micro-stories geolocated to Australia, in this article we explore various aspects of story contribution that situate Queering the Map as a lively cartographic archive. Rather than necessarily anonymous (as the platform dictates), the posts, we argue, entail various deliberated directions or gestures, encoded for audiences: what we term stories for someone. We highlight these publicly private stories’ connective and affective underpinnings, and the political potentialities (and problems) therein for queer belonging and community-building. In doing so we seek to contribute to scholarship on digital archives, crowdsourcing, and advance conceptualisations of digital intimacies.
Matter That Embodies: Agentive Flesh and Working Bodies/Selves
Authors: Harding Nancy , Gilmore Sarah , Ford Jackie
Published: January 2021

The post-Cartesian ‘material turn’ in management and organization studies understands that bodies are far more than vehicles that enable work to be undertaken, but are agentive actors in the constitution of work and working selves. This leads to the need for more empirically derived understanding of the agency of flesh in the performative corporealization of working, embodied selves. We met this challenge through adapting feminist, posthuman research methods for a study of the materialities and materialization of working bodies. The study takes forward Judith Butler’s and Karen Barad’s theories of performativity by reading them through each other, and introducing flesh as an agentive actor in each moment-to-moment move. In paying close attention to the speech of supposedly ‘dumb flesh’ we show how flesh resists its negation and itself imposes control on the worker. We coin the term ‘body/flesh’ and illuminate how bodies are active and agentive, constituting corporeal/izing working selves in somewhat unexpected ways.
Inter-Organizational Paradox Management: How national business systems affect responses to paradox along a global value chain
Authors: Schrage Stephanie , Rasche Andreas
Published: January 2021

This study discusses the relationship between inter-organizational paradox management, national business systems and global value chains. Using case study evidence from a global value chain in the footwear industry (in Germany and China), we analyse how different businesses in the chain responded to the paradoxical tension arising from the competing demands to provide a living wage to workers and to uphold financial performance. Our findings highlight organizational responses to this paradox along the value chain, showing how these responses were shaped by the interplay of different types of pressures exerted by national business systems and the value chain itself. While these pressures were aligned in the German part of the chain, they were not aligned on the Chinese side. The study makes two contributions: (1) we develop a taxonomy outlining how the alignment of different types of pressures influences whether organizations choose either proactive or defensive paradox management; and (2) we argue that theorizing the impacts of cross-national distance on paradox management can be enhanced by adopting a multidimensional approach to institutional variety that extends beyond culture-based arguments.
Validation of the responding to urgency of need in palliative care (RUN-PC) triage tool
Authors: Russell Bethany , Philip Jennifer , Wawryk Olivia , Vogrin Sara , Burchell Jodie , Collins Anna , Le Brian , Brand Caroline , Hudson Peter , Sundararajan Vijaya
Published: January 2021

Background:

The Responding to Urgency of Need in Palliative Care (RUN-PC) Triage Tool is a novel, evidence-based tool by which specialist palliative care services can manage waiting lists and workflow by prioritising access to care for those patients with the most pressing needs in an equitable, efficient and transparent manner.

Aim:

This study aimed to establish the intra- and inter-rater reliability, and convergent validity of the RUN-PC Triage Tool and generate recommended response times.

Design:

An online survey of palliative care intake officers applying the RUN-PC Triage Tool to a series of 49 real clinical vignettes was assessed against a reference standard: a postal survey of expert palliative care clinicians ranking the same vignettes in order of urgency.

Setting/Participants:

Intake officers ( n = 28) with a minimum of 2 years palliative care experience and expert clinicians ( n = 32) with a minimum of 10 years palliative care experience were recruited from inpatient, hospital consultation and community palliative care services across metropolitan and regional Victoria, Australia.

Results:

The RUN-PC Triage Tool has good intra- and inter-rater reliability in inpatient, hospital consultation and community palliative care settings (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ranged from 0.61 to 0.74), and moderate to good correlation to expert opinion used as a reference standard (Kendall’s Tau rank correlation coefficients ranged from 0.68 to 0.83).

Conclusion:

The RUN-PC Triage Tool appears to be a reliable and valid tool for the prioritisation of patients referred to specialist inpatient, hospital consultation and community palliative care services.
Psychoanalysis and the antinomies of an archaeologist: Andrea Carandini, the ruins of Rome, and the writing of history
Authors: McCaskie Tom
Published: January 2021

Freud’s fascination with the ruins of ancient Rome was an element in the formation and development of psychology. This article concerns the intersection of psychoanalysis with archaeology and history in the study of that city. Its substantive content is an analysis of the life and career of Andrea Carandini, the best-known Roman archaeologist of the past 40 years. He has said and written much about his changing views of himself and about what he is trying to do in his approach to the recuperation of the Roman past. His scholarly publications and autobiographical testimonies are at the core of this article. After an early commitment to Marxism that ended in disenchantment and a crisis in his personal life, Carandini spent a decade undergoing psychoanalysis with the Chilean-born expatriate Ignacio Matte-Blanco. The latter gained a following as a theorist who built upon Freud’s ideas about the unconscious by producing a set of mathematically inspired concepts concerning the workings of temporality in human history in which emotional intuition took priority over the rational(izing) logic of empiricism. Much influenced by his psychoanalyst, Carandini developed a highly personal approach to the writing of archaeology and history. These writings are explored here in terms of Roman historiography, and in the wider arena of formulations of how the past is to be addressed and written about.
A Study on the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence, Leadership Styles and Perceived Leadership Effectiveness in Bhutan
Authors: Singh Elangbam Haridev , Dorji Namgay , Zangmo Leki , Rigyel  , Wangchuk Namyel , Tamang Leki Dema , Zangmo Nidup
Published: January 2021

Effective leadership is the key in every organization to face the challenges of an organization in the dynamic twenty-first century. Past studies have revealed the relationship between emotional intelligence, leadership styles and leadership effectiveness in different cultures and countries, but there is no evidence of a study in the Bhutanese context. Hence, this study is aimed at understanding the relationship between emotional intelligence, leadership styles and perceived leadership effectiveness of financial institution supervisors in Bhutan. This quantitative research is conducted with a sample of 265 supervisors using Trait Meta-Mood Scale that measures emotional intelligence and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ5X); it also measures leadership styles of leaders in three cities, namely Thimphu, Paro and Phuentsholing. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between leadership styles and perceived leadership effectiveness and also between emotional intelligence and perceived leadership effectiveness. The implication of the findings is that emotional intelligence acts as a partial mediator for transactional leaders in making them effective but a full mediator for transformational leaders in making them effective. Further studies should be conducted in other organizations in order to generalize the findings in the context of Bhutan. These findings will help in further research in the field of emotional intelligence, the interrelationship of emotional intelligence with leadership styles and perceived leadership effectiveness, especially in the context of Bhutan.
How Women’s Transformational Leadership Induces Employees’ Innovative Behaviour Through Trust and Connectivity: A Sequential Mediation Model
Authors: Bilal Atif , Ahmad Wisal , Jan Muhammad Farooq , Huseynov Ragif , Nagy Henrietta
Published: January 2021

A number of women are leading a variety of organizations in Pakistan. The available research on the effectiveness of women’s leadership is not so clear, and there have been mixed findings across different contexts. The present research attempts to view women’s transformational leadership as a source of employees’ trust and connectivity that leads to innovative behaviour of employees in women-led organizations of Pakistan. The study also investigates the simple as well as sequential mediation of trust and connectivity in the relationship between women’s transformational leadership and employees’ innovative behaviour. Using a survey-based questionnaire, cross-sectional data were collected from 366 employees of different organizations which are led by women. These organizations include educational institutes, advertising agencies and fashion houses. The data were analysed using the MEDTHREE analysis for direct and indirect hypotheses (single and sequential mediations). The results indicate that women’s transformational leadership fosters trust, connectivity and innovative behaviour in the employees. Further, the results supported that employees’ trust in their leader and connectivity mediate the relationship between women’s leadership and innovative behaviour of the employees.
Improving the Care of Patients With Serious Illness: What Are the Palliative Care Education Needs of Internal Medicine Residents?
Authors: Frydman Julia L. , Hauck Kevin , Lowy Joseph , Gelfman Laura P.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Hospitalized patients with serious illness have significant symptom burden and face complex medical decisions that often require goals of care discussions. Given the shortage of specialty palliative care providers, there is a pressing need to improve the palliative care skills of internal medicine (IM) residents, who have a central role in the care of seriously ill patients hospitalized at academic medical centers.

Methods:

We conducted an anonymous survey of IM residents at a large, urban, academic medical center to identify which aspects of palliative care trainees find most important and their knowledge gaps in palliative care. The survey measured trainees’ self-assessed degree of importance and knowledge of core palliative care skills and evaluated frequency of completing advance care planning documentation.

Results:

Overall, 51 (23%) IM residents completed the survey. The majority of trainees considered multiple palliative care skills to be “very important/important”: symptom management, prognostication, introducing the palliative care approach, discussing code status, and breaking serious news. Across these same skills, trainees reported variable levels of knowledge. In our sample, trainees reported completing healthcare proxy forms and Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment infrequently.

Conclusions:

IM trainees rated core palliative care skills as important to their practice. Yet, they reported knowledge gaps across multiple core palliative care skills that should be addressed given their role as frontline providers for patients with serious illness.
Disrupting the Flow of Perception-Action through Design
Authors: Heft Harry
Published: January 2021

It is usually a mark of good design when technologies and tools that mediate goal-directed action are such that the user’s attentional focus is maintained on the intended ends of action rather than on the technologies and tools themselves. When the mediators become the focus, the continuity of goal-directed action is disrupted, and the flow of action can be re-directed. What then is the purpose of the projects designed by the RAAAF studio, as described by Rietveld, which seem to be intended to do both? Disruption of the continuity of goal-directed perception-action may prompt reflection about the circumstances at work, and in so doing provoke a transformation in habitual patterns of action and of thought. The project “The End of Sitting” is intended to remediate the adverse health effects of standard chair-dominated offices through an unconventional office landscape that prompts intermittent postural readjustments, boosting the levels of activity common in such settings. The project “Bunker 599” demonstrates that seemingly unremarkable features of the landscape can sometimes conceal aspects of culture’s history, and that design can function to draw attention to a hidden and even vanishing history. Design can enrich an individual’s sense of place in a stream of cultural history.
Smoking and COVID-19: A Literature Review of Cohort Studies in Non-Chinese Population Settings
Authors: Rodgers Aoife , Nadkarni Manasi , Indreberg Emilie Kruke , Alfallaj Lenah , Kabir Zubair
Published: January 2021

Background:

Smoking history and its potential association with COVID-19 has attracted many researchers and the lay public alike. However, the studies published to date have several methodological limitations and are mainly from China. We set out to synthesize evidence on smoking and COVID-19 relationship drawn on cohort studies only which are published in non-Chinese population settings.

Method:

A systematic literature search was undertaken drawn on predefined eligibility criteria and a comprehensive search strategy following the PRISMA guideline between January 2020 and August 2020, excluding preprints and gray literature. Three specific outcomes were examined: smoking history, SARS-CoV2 infection, and COVID-19 severity.

Results:

Of an eligible 40 full-text studies, 7 cohort studies outside of China were finally included in this literature review through independent reviewing. Four studies were from the UK, 2 from the United States, and 1 from Turkey. The sample size ranged from 200 to more than 5000 participants. The findings broadly point to 1 direction, a higher smoking prevalence and an increased risk of smoking history on both SARS-CoV2 infection and on COVID-19 severity.

Conclusion:

A smoking history (either current or past) seems to negatively impact both SARS-CoV2 infection and COVID-19 severity. However, such an observation strengthens the argument to continue smoking cessation efforts both for individuals and for the general population health and well-being.
Researching research affects: in-between different research positions
Authors: Johansson Lotta , Moe Merete , Nissen Kjersti
Published: January 2021

A significant amount of research has highlighted the different ontological and epistemological dimensions of insider and outsider research positions. In the field of education, this topic could benefit from more research. In this study, three researchers and former early childhood centre directors discussed their own research positions in a completed research project. Based on field notes from following the daily work of the centre leaders – positions the researchers formally held themselves – it is illustrated that the research affects continued to flow after the project had ended, raising new questions about how specific situations and the data had been handled. This study, a folding, unfolding and re-folding of data, highlights the ethical considerations actualised in the movements between research positions. The movements between research positions are understood as a source of tension that can produce affects, becomings and data with the ability to question given positions and established knowledge.
Externalisation and structural coupling: Applications in comparative policy studies in education
Authors: Steiner-Khamsi Gita
Published: January 2021

The article presents two key concepts of sociological systems theory – externalisation and structural coupling – and applies them to explain (a) the exponential growth of international large-scale student assessments and (b) the rise of ‘policy-relevant’ educational research. The author concludes with a comparison between key concepts used in systems theory and those used in comparative policy studies. She identifies resemblances with concepts of pathways in historical institutionalism, the multiple-streams approach and the notion of punctuated equilibrium advanced in the advocacy coalition framework.
Understanding the Patient Experience: Analysis of 2-Word Assessment and Its Relationship to Likelihood to Recommend in Outpatient Hand Surgery
Authors: Shapiro Lauren M. , Thomas Kevin A. , Eppler Sara L. , Behal Raj , Yao Jeffery , Kamal Robin N.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Actionable feedback from patients after a clinic visit can help inform ways to better deliver patient-centered care. A 2-word assessment may serve as a proxy for lengthy post-visit questionnaires. We tested the use of a 2-word assessment in an outpatient hand clinic.

Methods:

New patients were asked to provide a 2-word assessment of the following: (1) their physician; (2) their overall experience; and (3) recommendations for improvement and their likelihood to recommend (LTR) after their clinic visit. Sentiment analysis was used to categorize results into positive, neutral, or negative sentiment. Recommendations for improvement were classified into physician issue, system issue, or neither. We evaluated the relationship between LTR status, sentiment, actionable improvement opportunities, and classification (physician issue, system issue, or neither). Recommendations for improvement were classified into themes based on prior literature.

Results:

Sixty-seven (97.1%) patients noted positive sentiment toward their physician; 67 (97.1%) noted positive sentiment toward their overall experience. About 31% of improvement recommendations were system-based, 5.9% were physician-based, and 62.7% were neither. Patients not LTR were more likely to leave actionable opportunities for improvement than those LTR ( P = .01). Recommendations for improvement were classified into predetermined themes relating to: (1) physician interaction; (2) check-in process; (3) facilities; (4) unnecessary visit; and (5) appointment delays.

Conclusion:

Patients not likely to recommend provided actionable opportunities for improvement using a simple 2-word assessment. Implementation of a 2-word assessment in a hand clinic can be used to obtain actionable, real-time patient feedback that can inform operational change and improve the patient experience.
Volume-based sizing of the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device: A preliminary assessment of a novel method for device size selection
Authors: Shah Kevin A , White Timothy G , Teron Ina , Link Thomas , Dehdashti Amir R , Katz Jeffrey M , Woo Henry H
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Accurate sizing of the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is of critical importance as it determines procedural safety and successful occlusion of wide neck bifurcation aneurysms. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of aneurysm volume to assist in accurate WEB size selection.

Methods

All patients with an intracranial aneurysm treated with the WEB SL or WEB SLS device between March 2019 and October 2019 were identified for this retrospective study. Aneurysm volumes were calculated with auto-segmentation using a three-dimensional volume rendering program on an independent Syngo workstation (Siemens Healthineers AG). Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for aneurysm auto-segmented volumes and WEB volumes, as well as for aneurysm height × width and WEB height × width. Follow-up angiographic outcomes were collected at 6–9 months post-procedure.

Results

Twenty-nine aneurysms were evaluated by 3D rotational angiography. The correlation coefficient with WEB size was larger for auto-segmented aneurysm volumes (r = 0.979) compared to height × width measurements (r = 0.867). Using Fisher r-to-z transformations, we found the difference between the two correlations to be statistically significant (p = 0.0007). Follow-up angiography available in 13 subjects demonstrated an 85% complete aneurysm occlusion rate.

Conclusion

Aneurysm volumes are highly correlated with WEB volumes, with auto-segmentation volumes displaying statistically significant difference against conventional height by width measurements. These results suggest that volumetric measurements of aneurysm size provide a useful adjuvant measure to assist in appropriate size selection of the WEB device.
Extended thoracic endovascular aortic repair for residual aortic dissection after type A aortic dissection repair
Authors: Iida Yasunori , Hachiya Takashi , Asano Ryota , Inoue Shinya , Fujii Susumu , Sawa Shigeharu , Shimizu Hideyuki
Published: January 2021

Objective

We investigated the outcomes of extended coverage of the descending thoracic aorta by thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for residual chronic type B aortic dissection after type A aortic dissection (TAAD) repair.

Methods

From November 2015 to August 2020, 36 patients underwent extended TEVAR for residual intimal tear after TAAD repair. We specifically investigated the methods and outcomes of this procedure.

Results

TEVAR consisted of isolated TEVARs ( n = 29), single-vessel debranching TEVAR (6), and two-vessel debranching TEVAR (1). The mean time from TAAD repair to TEVAR was 27 ± 33 months (2–86 months). The TEVAR devices used were Valiant (28 cases), GORETAG (4), Relay plus (2), and TX2 (2). Technical success of TEVAR was 100%. The distal ends of the stent grafts were T 8 (1 case), T 9 (5), T 10 (6), T 11 (9), and T 12 (15), with an average of T 11 ± 1. The average length of hospital stay after TEVAR was 9 ± 3 days (5–17 days). There were no surgical/hospital deaths or complications. The average postoperative follow-up period was 21 ± 15 months without death or reintervention.

Conclusions

The short-term outcomes of extended TEVAR for residual chronic type B aortic dissection after TAAD repair were acceptable without perioperative SCI. Aggressive descending thoracic aorta coverage may prevent aortic events, and extended TEVAR may be a preemptive treatment for the downstream aorta. Mid- to long-term results should be clarified.
When the Numbers Do Not Add Up: The Practical Limits of Stochastologicals for Soft Psychology
Authors: Broers Nick J.
Published: January 2021

One particular weakness of psychology that was left implicit by Meehl is the fact that psychological theories tend to be verbal theories, permitting at best ordinal predictions. Such predictions do not enable the high-risk tests that would strengthen our belief in the verisimilitude of theories but instead lead to the practice of null-hypothesis significance testing, a practice Meehl believed to be a major reason for the slow theoretical progress of soft psychology. The rising popularity of meta-analysis has led some to argue that we should move away from significance testing and focus on the size and stability of effects instead. Proponents of this reform assume that a greater emphasis on quantity can help psychology to develop a cumulative body of knowledge. The crucial question in this endeavor is whether the resulting numbers really have theoretical meaning. Psychological science lacks an undisputed, preexisting domain of observations analogous to the observations in the space-time continuum in physics. It is argued that, for this reason, effect sizes do not really exist independently of the adopted research design that led to their manifestation. Consequently, they can have no bearing on the verisimilitude of a theory.
Cortical superficial siderosis in the general population: The Framingham Heart and Rotterdam studies
Authors: Shoamanesh Ashkan , Akoudad Saloua , Himali Jayandra J. , Beiser Alexa S. , DeCarli Charles , Seshadri Sudha , Arfan Ikram M , Romero Jose R , Vernooij Meike W
Published: January 2021

Objective

We aimed to characterize cortical superficial siderosis, its determinants and sequel, in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

The sample consisted of Framingham ( n = 1724; 2000–2009) and Rotterdam ( n = 4325; 2005–2013) study participants who underwent brain MRI. In pooled individual-level analysis, we compared baseline characteristics in patients with cortical superficial siderosis to two reference groups: (i) persons without hemorrhagic MRI markers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (no cortical superficial siderosis and no microbleeds) and (ii) those with presumed cerebral amyloid angiopathy based on the presence of strictly lobar microbleeds but without cortical superficial siderosis.

Results

Among a total of 6049 participants, 4846 did not have any microbleeds or cortical superficial siderosis (80%), 401 had deep/mixed microbleeds (6.6%), 776 had strictly lobar microbleeds without cortical superficial siderosis (12.8%) and 26 had cortical superficial siderosis with/without microbleeds (0.43%). In comparison to participants without microbleeds or cortical superficial siderosis and to those with strictly lobar microbleeds but without cortical superficial siderosis, participants with cortical superficial siderosis were older (OR 1.09 per year, 95% CI 1.05, 1.14; p < 0.001 and 1.04, 95% CI 1.00, 1.09; p = 0.058, respectively), had overrepresentation of the APOE ɛ4 allele (5.19, 2.04, 13.25; p = 0.001 and 3.47, 1.35, 8.92; p = 0.01), and greater prevalence of intracerebral hemorrhage (72.57, 9.12, 577.49; p < 0.001 and 81.49, 3.40, >999.99; p = 0.006). During a mean follow-up of 5.6 years, 42.4% participants with cortical superficial siderosis had a stroke (five intracerebral hemorrhage, two ischemic strokes and four undetermined strokes), 19.2% had transient neurological deficits and 3.8% developed incident dementia.

Conclusion

Our study adds supporting evidence to the association between cortical superficial siderosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy within the general population. Community-dwelling persons with cortical superficial siderosis may be at high risk for intracerebral hemorrhage and future neurological events.
Reinhold Niebuhr: The law of love and the omnipresence of power
Authors: Clinton David
Published: January 2021

The twentieth-century theologian and public intellectual Reinhold Niebuhr frequently employed a formulation confounding to his readers, simultaneously appealing to the loftiest altruism as summed up in his identification of the “law of love” and compelling attention to the grittiest realism as encapsulated in his recognition of a universal struggle for power. This sharp contrast was no careless error on Niebuhr’s part, but rather an insistence on describing in the most sharply contrasting tones the paradoxical character of human nature. In his Christian Realist view fear and a consequent desire for power over others to protect oneself are inescapable components of human existence within history. The human need for community and refusal to be satisfied with anything less than devotion to the wellbeing of others unsullied by self-love are nevertheless also implanted in the human heart, which recognizes that reality extends beyond human history. Niebuhr demanded attention to both.
Methotrexate enhances antigen presentation and maturation of tumour antigen-loaded dendritic cells through NLRP3 inflammasome activation: a strategy for dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine
Authors: Shi Gao-Na , Hu Min , Chen Chengjuan , Fu Junmin , Shao Shuai , Zhou Yu , Wu Lei , Zhang Tiantai
Published: January 2021

Background:

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that play a pivotal role in adaptive cell-mediated immunity by priming and activating T cells against specific tumour and pathogenic antigens. Methotrexate (MTX), a folate derivative, functions as an immunoregulatory agent. However, the possible effect of MTX on tumour antigen-loaded DCs has not yet been investigated.

Methods:

We analysed the effect of MTX on the maturation and function of DCs along with tumour cell lysates (TCLs). Using bone marrow-derived DCs, we investigated the effect of MTX combined TCL-loaded DCs on T cells priming and proliferation. We also tested the anti-tumour immune effect on DCs when treated with MTX and/or TCL in vivo.

Results:

MTX combined with TCL not only enhanced DC maturation and stimulated cytokine release but also promoted CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation. The latter was associated with increased tumour antigen uptake and cross-presentation to T cells. Mechanistically, DC maturation and antigen presentation were partly modulated by NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, immunisation of mice with MTX and TCL-pulsed DCs before a tumour challenge significantly delayed tumour onset and retarded its growth. This protective effect was due to priming of IFN-γ releasing CD8+ T cells and enhanced killing of tumour cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes isolated from these immunised mice.

Conclusion:

MTX can function as a potent adjuvant in DC vaccines by increasing antigen presentation and T cell priming. Our findings provide a new strategy for the application of DC-based anti-tumour immunotherapy.