bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Living in a Three-Generation Household among Adolescents of Ethnic Groups in the U.S.: Family Structure, Social–Economic Status, and Cultural Factors
Authors: Lee Haenim
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Multigenerational families are becoming increasingly common in the U.S. This trend is primarily driven by three-generation households with grandparents. The coresident grandparents play an important role in adolescents’ health and well-being. Thus, by focusing on three-generational households, this study examined the determinants of living in three-generational households among adolescents within the contexts of the social–economic, cultural, and family factors that influence grandparent co-residence by ethnic groups. Methods: This study used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Wave I–III). The study sample included 10,093 adolescents, including White, African American, Asian, and Hispanic youth. This study conducted a series of logistic regression models to examine the associations between co-residence with grandparents and significant predictors in family structure, socioeconomic status, and cultural factors for youths in the U.S. by ethnic groups. Results: For White families, lower socioeconomic status was more pertinent to three-generational co-residence. However, the associations were in the opposite direction for Hispanic and African American households, indicating that higher socioeconomic status families were found to live with grandparents in those groups. For Hispanic families, adolescents from Spanish-speaking homes were more likely to live in three-generational households than those from English-speaking homes. Implications: These results suggest that family characteristics in three-generational households vary by ethnic group. Notably, family cultural factors were significant determinants of co-residence with grandparents in three-generational households, especially in Hispanic families. This study contributes to the sustainability discourse by examining the intersectionality of cultural maintenance, health and well-being, and aging society among three-generational households in the United States.
The Role of BIM in Integrating Digital Twin in Building Construction: A Literature Review
Authors: Nguyen Tran Duong , Adhikari Sanjeev
Published: July 2023

Today, construction is essential to every economy since it employs many workers and significantly contributes to GDP. The construction industry’s efficiency has lagged behind other industries for decades due to low productivity, a lack of research, and poor adoption of advancements. Fortunately, the successful development of digital technologies such as Digital Twin (DT) has facilitated growth in many sectors, and DT has the potential to address challenges in building construction projects. While DT is a virtual replica that provides real-time data and analysis of a physical asset to optimize its performance, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a collaborative process for creating, managing, and exchanging information throughout a construction project. BIM is the most efficient way to create an accurate, high-value DT and support industry transformation. An integrated DT and BIM platform can improve building design, construction, and performance in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sectors. Based on a literature review, this research aims to clarify and differentiate DT from other advanced 3D modeling technologies, such as BIM. Related publications from articles about DT and BIM in the construction industry were selected, identified, and organized after careful research of the relevant scientific databases. The research has three primary objectives: (1) to examine the present applications of DT and BIM in the construction industry; (2) to emphasize the similarities and differences between the two; and (3) to develop solutions and design methods for BIM and DT integration in building construction.
Effects of Fiscal and Monetary Policies, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth on CO2 Emissions in the Turkish Economy: Nonlinear Bootstrapping NARDL and Nonlinear Causality Methods
Authors: Bildirici Melike , Genç Sema Yılmaz , Ersin Özgür Ömer
Published: July 2023

Governments use fiscal and monetary policies to direct the economy toward economic expansion. However, both policies could have impacts on the environment. The study investigates the effects of fiscal and monetary policy, energy consumption and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions for the Turkish economy from 1978 to 2021 with novel nonlinear bootstrapping NBARDL and nonlinear NBVARDL for nonlinear causality testing. The methods are robust to degenerate cointegration. By differentiating between expansionary and contractionary fiscal and monetary policies, the results determined the presence of long-run cointegrated relationships between the analyzed variables and emissions. The positive effects of both economic policies on emissions cannot be rejected, which become particularly pronounced for expansionary policies in addition to emission enhancing effects of energy consumption and growth. The effects of contractionary monetary policy are also positive in contrast to a set from the literature. Nonlinear causality tests favor one-way causality from energy consumption and from growth to emissions. The one-way causality from energy consumption and economic growth to emissions suggest non-existent feedback effects, leading to concerns for the environment. Expansionary and recessionary fiscal policies have one-way causal impacts on energy, leading to further environmental degradation. The findings highlight the severity of environmental problems caused by economic policies. Important policy recommendations are generated.
Study on Urban Expansion and Population Density Changes Based on the Inverse S-Shaped Function
Authors: Lu Huiyuan , Shang Zhengyong , Ruan Yanling , Jiang Linlin
Published: July 2023

For decades, the continuous advance of urbanization has led to the continuous expansion of urban land and rapid increase in the total area of cities. The phenomenon of urban land expansion faster than population growth has become widespread. High population density can lead to problems such as traffic congestion and exacerbated air pollution and can hinder sustainable development, affecting the quality of life of urban residents. China is currently in a phase of rapid urbanization, with high urban population density and rapid decline in urban population density. The decrease in urban population density is conducive to promoting sustainable urban development. This study selected 34 cities in China as sample cities and analyzed the spatial expansion and population density changes using land use and population density data from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 in order to provide reference for controlling population density and promoting sustainable urban development. The conclusions of the study are as follows: In the 34 sample cities, the average urban radius was only 11.61 km in 2000, but reached 17.98 km in 2020, with an annual growth rate of 2.5%. There were significant spatial differences in urban expansion. Beijing and Shanghai, as the most developed cities in China, had urban radii exceeding 40 km, while the less developed cities of Liaoyang and Suzhou had urban radii of only 9 km. Although the population density decreased in most cities, the population density values in first-tier cities in China, such as Tianjin, Beijing, and Shanghai, continued to rise. Cities with loose spatial expansion patterns had faster decreases in population density than compact-type cities. The rate of urban spatial expansion was negatively correlated with changes in population density, with cities that had faster urban spatial expansion also having faster declines in artificial ground density.
Ideal HTLs May Open the Door for Further Development of Sb2Se3 Solar Cells—A Numerical Approach
Authors: Mamta  , Kumari Raman , Kumar Rahul , Maurya Kamlesh Kumar , Singh Vidya Nand
Published: July 2023

Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) material has been brought into sharp focus in the solar cell field due to its remarkable performance in recent times. Solar cell efficiency increases daily because of the excellent properties of Sb2Se3 material and progressive optimisation of each layer, especially the hole-transporting layer (HTL); it suppresses the recombination of the back surface and increases the built-in potential and efficiency. In this work, we used Sb2Se3 as an absorber layer and compared the behaviour of typical hole transport materials (HTMs) (Spiro-OMeTAD, CuSCN, and CuI) and their influence on device performance. The Sb2Se3 photovoltaic model with different HTMs was studied by SCAPS (version 3.3.10) software. Efficiency is highly influenced by light source and intensity. Thickness and defect density of the Sb2Se3 layer, the work function of the back contact, and series and shunt resistances also play an essential role in the better execution of solar cells. The performance of the device is enhanced when the transmission percentage increases at the front contact. The metalwork function must be 5 eV to attain a highly efficient PV cell, and after optimisation, CuI is the best HTM with a 23.48% efficiency.
Granite Landscapes and Landforms in the Castro de Ulaca Site (Ávila, Spain): A Narrow Relationship between Natural and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Ruiz-Pedrosa Rosa María , Serrano Enrique
Published: July 2023

Geomorphology is the link between natural and cultural heritage, so the geomorphological map is a useful tool for inventorying landforms and its management. In this paper, a Castro de Ulaca geomorphological map at 1:20,000 scale has been designed, focused on granite landforms and based on bibliographical and cartographic review followed by systematic field work in the Ulaca site and around. It shows a mastery of granite landforms and their relationship with cultural elements, as well as the adaptation of the society to the geomorphological conditions. The twelve granite landforms represented are not relevant in a national or regional scale, but they are of local importance as they represent the links between geomorphology and the archaeological elements present in Ulaca. It is essential to incorporate geomorphological elements in the management of cultural spaces, to guarantee their protection from visitors, as well as to ensure the survival and use of this cultural service for local population.
A Novel Evolving Framework for Energy Management in Combined Heat and Electricity Systems with Demand Response Programs
Authors: Chen Ting , Gan Lei , Iqbal Sheeraz , Jasiński Marek , El-Meligy Mohammed A. , Sharaf Mohamed , Ali Samia G.
Published: July 2023

In recent years, demand response programs (DRPs) have become an effective method of encouraging users to participate in energy system operations. The problem of optimal energy flow (OEF) is a complex challenge in multiple power systems. Accordingly, this study aims to propose a novel evolving framework for optimal OEF operation of an electricity, heat, and gas integrating system, taking into account flexible heat and electricity demands. To this end, a switching idea between input energy carriers has been introduced to combine the traditional DRP with demand-side energy supply management. Switching between the feeding energy carriers could change how power is supplied to the end users and thus would affect the total cost of the grid. Operators of integrated systems minimize the operational costs associated with supplying flexible power to users in this study. Considering the high nonlinearity of the problem, a novel optimization algorithm is presented for solving the complex OEF based on the improved teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm (ITLBOA). According to the outcomes, flexible DRP reduces operational prices and smooths power demand curves for power and heating networks.
Using Artificial Intelligence to Tackle Food Waste and Enhance the Circular Economy: Maximising Resource Efficiency and Minimising Environmental Impact: A Review
Authors: Onyeaka Helen , Tamasiga Phemelo , Nwauzoma Uju Mary , Miri Taghi , Juliet Uche Chioma , Nwaiwu Ogueri , Akinsemolu Adenike A.
Published: July 2023

Food waste is a global issue with significant economic, social, and environmental impacts. Addressing this problem requires a multifaceted approach; one promising avenue is using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This article explores the potential for AI to tackle food waste and enhance the circular economy and discusses the current state of food waste and the circular economy, highlighting specific ways that AI can be used to monitor and optimise food production and supply chains, redistribute excess food to those in need, and support circular economy initiatives. As a result, we can maximise resource efficiency and minimise environmental impact with these applications, ultimately creating a more sustainable and equitable food system.
Customer Value Co-Creation: Environmental Sustainability as a Tourist Experience
Authors: Elliot Esi A. , Adams Russell , Tsetse Ernest Kafui Kwasi
Published: July 2023

Increasingly, environmental sustainability has become an important consideration for customer value co-creation, which is collaboration between a firm-provider and its customers to jointly create value. Our research question is therefore “how does customer value co-creation (CVC) enhance environmental sustainability?” We argue that attention to CVC globally would significantly enhance environmental sustainability in emerging markets. The findings of the study revealed that firms that do not enhance customer engagement and their environmental sustainability will lose patronage. Secondly, the attitude of most of these tourists who continually visit unclean tourism destinations such as littered beaches and polluted water bodies would continue to make these TDs not improve in their environmental products, hence, performing poorly in environmental sustainability performance. This study makes important contributions to research and practice of connecting customer value co-creation to environmental sustainability in emerging markets. Our study finds out that CVC in emerging markets can result in environmental sustainability.
Breath, Love, Walk? The Impact of Mindfulness Interventions on Climate Policy Support and Environmental Attitudes
Authors: Bayle-Cordier Julie , Berger Loïc , Elatmani Rayan , Tavoni Massimo
Published: July 2023

Mindfulness practices have the potential to induce the cognitive and behavioral changes needed to foster pro-environmental behavior and increase support toward sustainable and climate-oriented policies. However, the empirical evidence of the effectiveness of meditation on sustainable behavior is limited and mostly confined to correlational studies, often based on the same type of mindfulness interventions. In this paper, we report the results of an online experiment (n = 1000) comparing the impact of three different short-term mindfulness interventions on various (self-reported and incentivized) measures of mindfulness state and sustainable behavior. While only one of our interventions is found to impact environmental attitude and climate policy support directly, we show that the three meditation practices indirectly foster sustainable behavior through preidentified mediators. These results are relevant for organizations and policymakers who seek to foster climate policy support and environmental attitudes in their stakeholders.
Community Resilience Processes in Schools with Roma Students during COVID-19: Two Case Studies in Spain
Authors: Martínez-Lozano Virginia , Macías-Gómez-Estern Beatriz , Lalueza José L.
Published: July 2023

The aim of this paper is to describe coping strategies for difficulties generated by the COVID-19 pandemic in schools categorized as “highly vulnerable” in Spain, mainly focusing on children from immigrant and Roma families. Within the framework of a broader research study, we focus our gaze, as a case study, on two schools using in-depth interviews with its principals. These two schools were chosen as case studies because they had shown a history of carrying out documented educational change processes for at least 3 years before the pandemic. Our analytical strategy was a qualitative content analysis of a deductive–inductive nature. The results of our study can help identify key elements for the mechanisms of “Community Socio-Educational Resilience” and show that the innovative educational strategies tested by schools in the periods prior to the pandemic facilitated the generation of specific strategies for addressing problems arising from the pandemic. These strategies contributed to cushioning the increased inequality generated by the pandemic, contributing to the social sustainability of the educational and community system.
Water Footprint Analysis of Sheep and Goat from Various Production Systems in Northern China
Authors: Jiao Fan , Nie Lili , Shao Jiayuan , Wang Ying , Du Yihan , Guo Xiaofeng , Feng Hong , Liu Zhenyu
Published: July 2023

Water scarcity is a significant global problem. Considerable water resources are consumed in the production of livestock and poultry products, thus posing a huge challenge to global freshwater resources. Sheep meat has the second highest water footprint among livestock meat products. Furthermore, as the demand for sheep meat increases on a year by year basis, water consumption continues to rise as a result. In order to make better informed decisions around water management, it is necessary to estimate the water footprint of animal husbandry. This study offers a comprehensive overview of the water footprint of sheep in Northern China. It analyzes the water footprint of feed production and virtual water using CROPWAT, based on the water footprint of sheep and goats in Shanxi under different production systems and feed components. The water footprint was calculated to be 6.03 m3/kg for sheep and 5.05 m3/kg for goats, respectively. Therefore, the water footprint of three farming modes, including grazing mixed and industrial in the Shanxi region was slightly higher than what other experts have evaluated for China. These data provide crucial information that can help reduce water resource consumption in animal husbandry and contribute to the development of sustainable strategies.
Modulated Lacunary Statistical and Strong-Cesàro Convergences
Authors: Romero de la Rosa María del Pilar
Published: July 2023

Here, we continued the studies initiated by Vinod K. Bhardwaj and Shweta Dhawan which relate different convergence methods involving the classical statistical and the classical strong Cesàro convergences by means of lacunary sequences and measures of density in N modulated by a modulus function f. A method for constructing non-compatible modulus functions was also included, which is related to symmetries with respect to y=x.
Oracle-Preserving Latent Flows
Authors: Roman Alexander , Forestano Roy T. , Matchev Konstantin T. , Matcheva Katia , Unlu Eyup B.
Published: July 2023

A fundamental task in data science is the discovery, description, and identification of any symmetries present in the data. We developed a deep learning methodology for the simultaneous discovery of multiple non-trivial continuous symmetries across an entire labeled dataset. The symmetry transformations and the corresponding generators are modeled with fully connected neural networks trained with a specially constructed loss function, ensuring the desired symmetry properties. The two new elements in this work are the use of a reduced-dimensionality latent space and the generalization to invariant transformations with respect to high-dimensional oracles. The method is demonstrated with several examples on the MNIST digit dataset, where the oracle is provided by the 10-dimensional vector of logits of a trained classifier. We find classes of symmetries that transform each image from the dataset into new synthetic images while conserving the values of the logits. We illustrate these transformations as lines of equal probability (“flows”) in the reduced latent space. These results show that symmetries in the data can be successfully searched for and identified as interpretable non-trivial transformations in the equivalent latent space.
Some Explicit Properties of Frobenius–Euler–Genocchi Polynomials with Applications in Computer Modeling
Authors: Alam Noor , Khan Waseem Ahmad , Kızılateş Can , Obeidat Sofian , Ryoo Cheon Seoung , Diab Nabawia Shaban
Published: July 2023

Many properties of special polynomials, such as recurrence relations, sum formulas, and symmetric properties, have been studied in the literature with the help of generating functions and their functional equations. In this study, we define Frobenius–Euler–Genocchi polynomials and investigate some properties by giving many relations and implementations. We first obtain different relations and formulas covering addition formulas, recurrence rules, implicit summation formulas, and relations with the earlier polynomials in the literature. With the help of their generating function, we obtain some new relations, including the Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds. We also obtain some new identities and properties of this type of polynomial. Moreover, using the Faà di Bruno formula and some properties of the Bell polynomials of the second kind, we obtain an explicit formula for the Frobenius–Euler polynomials of order α. We provide determinantal representations for the ratio of two differentiable functions. We find a recursive relation for the Frobenius–Euler polynomials of order α. Using the Mathematica program, the computational formulae and graphical representation for the aforementioned polynomials are obtained.
Influence of Box Height on Inter-Limb Asymmetry and Box Jump Performance
Authors: dos Santos Marcel Lopes , Berton Ricardo , Shields JoCarol , Bishop Chris , Dinyer-McNeely Taylor , Anderson Olivia , Dawes Jay
Published: July 2023

Box jumps are often included in training programs as an introductory exercise to novice athletes and untrained individuals and are an efficient option of lower-body explosiveness training. However, it is unclear whether the use of boxes of differing heights affect the inter-limb asymmetry during this exercise. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of box height in inter-limb asymmetry during box jumps. Recreationally active young males (n = 14) and females (n = 16) performed three jumps at boxes that corresponded to approximately 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% of their individual countermovement jumps. The selected performance variables were peak force (PF), peak power (PP), rate of force development (RFD), and time to take-off (TToff). The intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.76 to 0.99, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 4.03 to 16.52%. A series of one-way repeated measures ANOVA tests were used to test for significant differences of the performance variables and inter-limb asymmetries. The females’ PF at 80% was significantly higher from 0% (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for inter-limb asymmetry across box heights (p ≥ 0.25). This study shows that the box height does not affect the overall intra-session inter-limb asymmetries in recreationally active individuals.
Group Decision-Making Model Based on 2-Tuple Fuzzy Linguistic Model and AHP Applied to Measuring Digital Maturity Level of Organizations
Authors: Marín Díaz Gabriel , Galdón Salvador José Luis
Published: July 2023

In the digital era, companies have experienced a progressive change in their business models, which has led them to develop greater agility to adapt to changing environments, and the necessity to properly manage the group decision making in these companies is patent. This paper shows how fuzzy models are utilized in group decision making. In this context, one of the most important group decisions to be adopted is how to manage the digital transformation of the company, drawing up the best possible roadmap. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes a new methodology improvement of group decision making based on a fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic model and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The suggested methodology proposes the calculation of the digital maturity level (DML) of companies based on five of the most cited and agreed upon criteria in the existing literature. The methodology proposed in this paper was tested and validated for the business case of Spanish SMEs through three different clusters to derive global recommendations tailored to each specific cluster and company segments, using a sample of 1428 companies. The main fundings reveal that the digital maturity level directly impacts on the size of the company and its digital mindset in the sense of driving change management processes. As future works, authors recommend extending the model to any industry using the proposed methodology and evaluate disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) in supporting the digital transformation of SMEs.
A Systemic and Transdisciplinary Study to Contribute to Decolonial Futures in Two Indigenous Municipalities of Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Urdapilleta-Carrasco Jorge , Parra-Vázquez Manuel Roberto , Rivera-Núñez Tlacaelel
Published: July 2023

We draw from participatory action research and sustainable livelihood approaches to integrate a systemic and transdisciplinary methodological proposal capable of contributing to decolonial futures for indigenous peoples. This methodological proposal is illustrated with two decades of research experience collaborating with Mayan Tseltal communities in Chiapas, Mexico, to contribute towards improving their life strategies. The conceptual framework employed was Local Socio-Environmental Systems, a soft system proposal made up of four sub-systems that are interrelated, based on their formations in a particular territory framed within specific historical regimes. Community workshops were organized, and ethnographic fieldwork was conducted. The findings were systematized through Grounded Theory coding processes and linguistic translation. The results focus on (a) showing the process of alignment of the transdisciplinary horizon from the interests of three groups of actors participating in the accompaniment (communities, academia and civil society), (b) analyzing the emergence of Tseltal ethos associated with territory, family lineages, community harmony and dignified life that complexified the initial methodological proposal and (c) detailing the reinterpretation and appropriation that social subjects made to the category “capitals” of the livelihood framework. We conclude by reflecting on ‘knowledge dialogues’ and epistemic decolonization to which transdisciplinary research has given rise, to the extent that the accompanied Tseltal communities are currently demanding recognition of their political autonomy from the state.
Policy Analysis of Biomass Recycling Supply Chain Considering Carbon and Pollution Emission Reduction—Taking China’s Straw Subsidy Policy for Example
Authors: Yu Long , Sun Jingwen , Liu Weina , Zhang Wengang , Sun Liao , Wu Jun
Published: July 2023

In recent years, global environmental problems such as air pollution and the greenhouse effect have become more and more serious. The utilization of biomass energy not only can promote low-carbon transformation to establish a competitive advantage through value creation under the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality but is also an important force in solving environmental problems. Government subsidy policies play an important role in promoting the development of biomass energy utilization. Taking straw as an example, this paper constructs a straw recycling supply chain system dynamics model consisting of farmers, acquisition stations, power plants, and pyrolysis plants based on a real-world case. Two types of straw processing, namely power generation and pyrolysis, are considered in the model. This paper analyzes the economic and environmental impacts of three subsidy policies, namely the unified rate policy, the linear growth policy, and a two-step policy, by comparing the profit, carbon, and pollution emission reduction benefits of the supply chain under different subsidy scenarios. The result shows that, among the three subsidy policies, the unified rate policy shows the best-promoting effect. The research results and policy implications in this paper could be a reference for governments trying to formulate subsidy policies for developing biomass energy utilization.
PTEN Overexpression Alters Autophagy Levels and Slows Sodium Arsenite-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Fibrosis
Authors: Huang Fei , Ding Guanxin , Yuan Yanjie , Zhao Lijun , Ding Wenmeng , Wu Shunhua
Published: July 2023

Exposure to inorganic arsenic remains a global public health problem. The liver is the main target organ, leading to arsenic-induced liver fibrosis. Phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) may participate in arsenic-induced liver fibrosis by regulating autophagy, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. We established a mouse model of arsenic poisoning through their drinking water and a fibrosis model using the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 through NaAsO2 exposure for 24 h. Masson staining measured liver fibrosis. The cells were transfected with a PTEN overexpression plasmid. Western blot and qRT-PCR determined the levels of protein/mRNA expression. Fibrosis was evident in both the mouse model and arsenic-exposed LX-2 cells. NaAsO2 upregulated expression of autophagic markers microtubule-associated protein light chain A/B (LC3), recombinant human autophagy effector protein (Beclin-1), and hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1 (HES1), but downregulated PTEN. Alongside this, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was significantly upregulated by NaAsO2. PTEN overexpression altered NaAsO2-induced autophagy and downregulated LC3 and Beclin-1. While Notch1, HES1, α-SMA, and collagen I expression were all downregulated in the NaAsO2 groups. Therefore, PTEN overexpression might decrease autophagy and inhibit fibrosis progression caused by arsenic, and the NOTCH1/HES1 pathway is likely involved.
The Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risks of Alkylphenols and the Relationships between Alkylphenols and Different Types of Land Use
Authors: Hong Yajun , Chen Miao , Zhu Ziwei , Liao Wei , Feng Chenglian , Yan Zhenfei , Qiao Yu , Mei Yaru , Xu Dayong
Published: July 2023

In this study, the spatial distribution characteristics of nine alkylphenols (APs) in the Yongding River and Beiyun River were analyzed. The differences in the concentrations and spatial distribution patterns of nine APs were systematically evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA). The relationships between the concentration distribution patterns and the risks associated with nine APs were investigated under various categories of land use conditions in the region. The results demonstrated that the APs were widely present in both rivers, and the pollution risks associated with the APs were more severe in the Yongding River than in the Beiyun River. The results show that the contamination risks associated with 4-NP were the most serious in the two rivers, with detection percentages of 100% and 96.3%, respectively. In the Yongding River, the APs showed a tendency of low concentration levels in the upper reaches and high levels in the middle and lower regions. Meanwhile, the overall concentration levels of the APs in the Beiyun River were relatively high. However, despite the differences between the upper and middle regions of the Yongding River, the distribution pattern of the APs in the Beiyun River was basically stable. The concentration levels and risk quotient of the APs were negatively correlated with the vegetation cover land use type and positively correlated with the cropland and unused land use types within 500 m, 1 km, and 2 km. The purpose of this study was to provide theoretical data support and a basis for AP pollution risk evaluations in the Yongding River and Beiyun River.
A Sub-Acute Dosing Study of Saxitoxin and Tetrodotoxin Mixtures in Mice Suggests That the Current Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Regulatory Limit Is Fit for Purpose
Authors: Finch Sarah C. , Webb Nicola G. , Boundy Michael J. , Harwood D. Tim , Munday John S. , Sprosen Jan M. , Somchit Chanatda , Broadhurst Ric B.
Published: July 2023

Paralytic shellfish poisoning is a worldwide problem induced by shellfish contaminated with paralytic shellfish toxins. To protect human health, a regulatory limit for these toxins in shellfish flesh has been adopted by many countries. In a recent study, mice were dosed with saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin mixtures daily for 28 days showing toxicity at low concentrations, which appeared to be at odds with other work. To further investigate this reported toxicity, we dosed groups of mice with saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin mixtures daily for 21 days. In contrast to the previous study, no effects on mouse bodyweight, food consumption, heart rate, blood pressure, grip strength, blood chemistry or hematology were observed. Furthermore, no histological findings were associated with dosing in this trial. The dose rates in this study were 2.6, 3.8 and 4.9 times greater, respectively, than the highest dose of the previous study. As rapid mortality in three out of five mice was observed in the previous study, the deaths are likely to be due to the methodology used rather than the shellfish toxins. To convert animal data to that used in a human risk assessment, a 100-fold safety factor is required. After applying this safety factor, the dose rates used in the current study were 3.5, 5.0 and 6.5 times greater, respectively, than the acute reference dose for each toxin type set by the European Union. Furthermore, it has previously been proposed that tetrodotoxin be included in the paralytic shellfish poisoning suite of toxins. If this were done, the highest dose rate used in this study would be 13 times the acute reference dose. This study suggests that the previous 28-day trial was flawed and that the current paralytic shellfish toxin regulatory limit is fit for purpose. An additional study, feeding mice a diet laced with the test compounds at higher concentrations than those of the current experiment, would be required to comment on whether the current paralytic shellfish toxin regulatory limit should be modified.
Sodium Propionate Relieves LPS-Induced Inflammation by Suppressing the NF-ĸB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Rumen Epithelial Cells of Holstein Cows
Authors: Zhao Chenxu , Yi Fanxuan , Wei Bo , Tan Panpan , Huang Yan , Zeng Fangyuan , Wang Yazhou , Xu Chuang , Wang Jianguo
Published: July 2023

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a prevalent disease in intensive dairy farming, and the rumen environment of diseased cows acidifies, leading to the rupture of gram-negative bacteria to release lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS can cause rumentitis and other complications, such as liver abscess, mastitis and laminitis. Propionate, commonly used in the dairy industry as a feed additive, has anti-inflammatory effects, but its mechanism is unclear. This study aims to investigate whether sodium propionate (SP) reduces LPS-induced inflammation in rumen epithelial cells (RECs) and the underlying mechanism. RECs were stimulated with different time (0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 18 h) and different concentrations of LPS (0, 1, 5, 10 μg/mL) to establish an inflammation model. Then, RECs were treated with SP (15, 25, 35 mM) or 10 μM PDTC in advance and stimulated by LPS for the assessment. The results showed that LPS (6h and 10 μg/mL) could stimulate the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, IκB, JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK through TLR4, and increase the release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. SP (35 mM) can reduce the expression of cytokines by effectively inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK inflammatory pathways. This study confirmed that SP inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses through NF-κB and MAPK in RECs, providing potential therapeutic targets and drugs for the prevention and treatment of SARA.
Modulation of Airway Expression of the Host Bactericidal Enzyme, sPLA2-IIA, by Bacterial Toxins
Authors: Wu Yongzheng , Pernet Erwan , Touqui Lhousseine
Published: July 2023

Host molecules with antimicrobial properties belong to a large family of mediators including type-IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA). The latter is a potent bactericidal agent with high selectivity against Gram-positive bacteria, but it may also play a role in modulating the host inflammatory response. However, several pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or toxins produced by pathogenic bacteria can modulate the levels of sPLA2-IIA by either inducing or inhibiting its expression in host cells. Thus, the final sPLA2-IIA concentration during the infection process is determined by the orchestration between the levels of toxins that stimulate and those that downregulate the expression of this enzyme. The stimulation of sPLA2-IIA expression is a process that participates in the clearance of invading bacteria, while inhibition of this expression highlights a mechanism by which certain bacteria can subvert the immune response and invade the host. Here, we will review the major functions of sPLA2-IIA in the airways and the role of bacterial toxins in modulating the expression of this enzyme. We will also summarize the major mechanisms involved in this modulation and the potential consequences for the pulmonary host response to bacterial infection.
Increased Binding of von Willebrand Factor to Sub-Endothelial Collagen May Facilitate Thrombotic Events Complicating Bothrops lanceolatus Envenomation in Humans
Authors: Pierre-Louis Olivier , Resiere Dabor , Alphonsine Celia , Dantin Fabienne , Banydeen Rishika , Dubois Marie-Daniela , Mehdaoui Hossein , Neviere Remi
Published: July 2023

Consumption coagulopathy and hemorrhagic syndrome exacerbated by blood anticoagulability remain the most important causes of lethality associated with Bothrops snake envenomation. Bothrops venom also engages platelet aggregation on the injured endothelium via von Willebrand factor (vWF) interactions. Besides platelet aggregation, some Bothrops venom toxins may induce qualitative thrombopathy, which has been in part related to the inhibition of vWF activation. We tested whether B. lanceolatus venom impaired vWF to collagen(s) binding (vWF:CB) activity. Experiments were performed with B. lanceolatus crude venom, in the presence or absence of Bothrofav, a monospecific B. lanceolatus antivenom. Venom of B. lanceolatus fully inhibited vWF to collagen type I and III binding, suggesting venom interactions with the vWF A3 domain. In contrast, B. lanceolatus venom increased vWF to collagen type VI binding, suggesting the enhancement of vWF binding to collagen at the vWF A1 domain. Hence, B. lanceolatus venom exhibited contrasting in vitro effects in terms of the adhesive properties of vWF to collagen. On the other hand, the antivenom Bothrofav reversed the inhibitory effects of B. lanceolatus venom on vWF collagen binding activity. In light of the respective distribution of collagen type III and collagen type VI in perivascular connective tissue and the sub-endothelium, a putative association between an increase in vWF:CB activity for collagen type VI and the onset of thrombotic events in human B. lanceolatus envenomation might be considered.
Quasinormal Modes of a Charged Black Hole with Scalar Hair
Authors: Guo Wen-Di , Tan Qin
Published: July 2023

Based on the five-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell theory, Bah et al. constructed a singularity-free topology star/black hole [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 151101 (2021)]. After performing the Kaluza–Klein reduction, i.e., integrating the extra space dimension, it can obtain an effective four-dimensional spherically static charged black hole with scalar hair. In this paper, we study the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of the scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational fields in the background of this effective four-dimensional charged black hole. The radial parts of the perturbed fields all satisfy a Schrödinger-like equation. Using the asymptotic iteration method, we obtain the QNM frequencies semianalytically. For low-overtone QNMs, the results obtained using both the asymptotic iteration method and the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation method agree well. In the null coordinates, the evolution of a Gaussian package is also studied. The QNM frequencies obtained by fitting the evolution data also agree well with the results obtained using the asymptotic iteration method.
Effect of Classical Music on Depth of Sedation and Induction Propofol Requirements in Dogs
Authors: Georgiou Stefanos G. , Sideri Aikaterini I. , Anagnostou Tilemachos L. , Gouletsou Pagona G. , Tsioli Vassiliki G. , Galatos Apostolos D.
Published: July 2023

The main objective of this prospective, randomized, blind, cross-over experimental study was to evaluate the effect of classical music on the depth of sedation and propofol requirements for the induction of anaesthesia in dogs. Twenty dogs were involved, and each was subjected to three different treatments with a 3-month gap: Chopin music, Mozart music, and no music, via loudspeakers. The dogs were premedicated with acepromazine and butorphanol by intramuscular injection, and anaesthesia was induced using propofol intravenously. To compare the depth of sedation and propofol requirements for the induction of anaesthesia among the different treatments, we utilized non-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis test) for the depth of sedation due to a slight deviation from the normal distribution and parametric (ANOVA) for propofol requirements. When exposed to music (Chopin or Mozart), dogs exhibited deeper sedation and required less propofol for their intubation compared to the no-music treatment (p < 0.05). Exposure to classical music had a positive impact on the level of sedation, and more profound central nervous system depression seemed to contribute to approximately 20% lower propofol dose requirements for tracheal intubation. Therefore, classical music during the preoperative period appeared to exert a beneficial effect, at least when applying the specific pre-anaesthetic medications used in the present study.
Combining α-s1 Casozepine and Fluoxetine Treatment with a Behavioral Therapy Improves Symptoms in an Aggressive Dog: An Italian Case Report
Authors: Sacchettino Luigi , Giuliano Viviana Orsola , Avallone Luigi , Napolitano Francesco , d’Angelo Danila
Published: July 2023

Behavioral dysfunctions in dogs represent a critical issue of the human–animal relationship. In particular, aggression can make interspecific coexistence quite complicated within family units, thus exposing all members to greater health risks. In this present study, we documented multiple aggression episodes against one of the two family members caused by a 4-year-old neutered male pure breed Lagotto Romagnolo dog. To minimize impulsivity and anxiety-like behaviors of the patient as much as possible and improve his relationship with the adopting family, we used an interdisciplinary approach, employing specific skilled personnel, including a veterinary behaviorist and a rehabilitating dog instructor. Nine months after fluoxetine treatment (0.8 mg/kg, SID), in combination with oral α-s1 casozepine administration, and behavioral rehabilitation, the owners reported a significant reduction in aggressive events in terms of intensity and frequency. Collectively, our promising data pave the way toward a more detailed characterization of α-s1-casozepine to better evaluate the potential involvement of such a compound in the modulation of aggressive behaviors in dogs affected by relational dysfunctions.
Planktonic Copepoda along the Confinement Gradient of the Taranto Sea System (Southern Italy) after Lockdown of Human Activities Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Belmonte Genuario , Denti Giuseppe , Rubino Fernando
Published: July 2023

This study was conducted in the sea system of Taranto (south Italy) to explore the consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown of all human activities on zooplankton abundance and composition. Copepoda were selected as the best indicators and four different dates were taken to represent the annual variability. The availability of samples from past collections (15 and 30 years ago) allowed comparison with previous situations. The Copepoda community in the most confined part of the system (stations MPI and MPII) was dominated by small-sized species and showed new arrivals, including Acartia tonsa, Centropages hamatus, and Pseudodiaptomus sp. The first inlet of Mar Piccolo (MPI) showed an unusually high number of species in the summer of 2020, just at the end of the lockdown period (March–May 2020). The evident growth of species richness at station MPI, and only during the summer of 2020, suggests a role of the lockdown period on the zooplankton composition. The high species richness in the post-lockdown period was probably the result of ceasing the disturbance caused by ship/boat traffic at the MPI site, which is heavily affected by daily human activities at sea.
Nutrition physiology derangement as a result of changes in eating behavior of modern urban adolescents
Authors:   FSBEI HE Izhevsk State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Naimushina E. S. , Kilina A. V. ,   FSBEI HE Izhevsk State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sofronova L. V. ,   FSBEI HE Izhevsk State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

Violation of the nutrition physiology, addiction to fast food, and lack of a regimen and food culture have been identified in modern urban teenagers. The consequence of eating disorders in the form of overeating is obesity, which is an extremely urgent healthcare problem today in all economically developed countries of the world. As a result of the changed stereotype of nutrition and eating behavior in children and adolescents, such persistent health disorders as overweight and obesity have been identified. Treatment of such children and adolescents should begin with the correction of eating behavior and a return to physiological nutrition. The authors analyzed the eating behavior of adolescents with obesity and those with normal weight, using survey methods. As a result of the study, we have identified violations in the quali tative composition of nutrition in adolescents. These violations were observed both in the main and the control groups and had a unidirectional character. However, in adolescents with obesity, an insufficient intake of high-quality proteins from natural products, a wide use of foods containing hidden fats, and the consumption of a large amount of carbohydrates were noted significantly more of ten.
D-dimer: issues of laboratory diagnostics
Authors:   Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship Universit y of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yusupova G. К.
Published: July 2023

D-dimer is a protein fragment, resulting from the breakdown of fibrin during fibrinolysis. D-dimer is considered to be a fairly informative indicator of thrombus formation, since the mechanism of its production starts simultaneously with the process of thrombus formation. A D-dimer test allows evaluating the combination of 2 factors at once: coagulation and fibrinolysis. The marker makes it possible to timely detect their imbalance in case of diseases of the circulatory system (varicose veins, thrombophilia, pulmonary embolism).