bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI and English language teaching: Affordances and challenges
Authors: Crompton Helen , Edmett Adam , Ichaporia Neenaz , Burke Diane
Published: March 2024

English is one of the most used languages for jobs, markets, tourism, discourse and international connectivity. However, English learners face many challenges in gaining English language skills. Extant studies show that AI has affordances to support in English language teaching and learning ELT/L. This study answers the call to examine specific challenges and affordances for using AI in ELT/L. A systematic review method was used with PRISMA principles to identify 42 studies. Findings reveal the geographical locations of studies, learner ages and years of study. Grounded coding was then used to identify affordances of the use of AI in ELT/L in the areas of speaking, writing, reading, pedagogy and self‐regulation. AI in ELT/L challenges uncovered were technology breakdowns, limited capabilities, fear and standardising language. Policymakers, funders, practitioners and educational leaders can use the information provided in this study to gain a holistic understanding of the current trend in the use of AI in ELT/L, and practical implications are provided to guide future use of AI.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

English is one of the most used languages for jobs, markets, tourism, discourse and international connectivity.

Empirical evidence shows that pupils can often face difficulties when learning English, with challenges such as irregularity in English spelling.

AI has supported language teaching and learning with studies showing that AI can support language‐specific skills.

What this paper adds

Provides the scholarly community with a unique systematic review in the use of AI in ELT/L across learner levels.

Identifies affordances of AI in ELT/L in speaking, writing, reading, pedagogy and self‐regulation.

Identifies challenges of AI in ELT/L in technology breakdowns, limited capabilities, fear and standardising language.

Provides researchers with a review of the field with identification of gaps and future research opportunities.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Provides practical implications from the findings for educators, policy makers and program designers.

Highlights the gaps in academic knowledge as a lack in the use of AI for assessment in ELT/L.
The subjective and objective side of helplessness: Navigating between reassurance and risk management when people seek help for suicidal others
Authors: Iversen Clara , Kevoe‐Feldman Heidi
Published: March 2024

Social psychologists interested in interaction have demonstrated that help‐seeking is a fruitful area for understanding how people relate to one another, but there is insufficient knowledge on how people navigate emotional involvement in help activities. Drawing on discursive psychology and conversation analysis, this article examines third‐party calls to a crisis helpline, with emergency calls as a point of comparison, to see how participants manage emotional involvement related to callers' concerns for others. The analysis unpacks how participants orient to helplessness—callers' uncertainty and inability to move forward—as justifying a focus on the at‐risk person or on the caller's emotions. While dispatchers at emergency centres work to get pertinent information to send help, call‐takers at the crisis helpline are trained to offer emotional support. In the latter case, a caller's displays of helplessness may be treated as a sign of danger for the person at‐risk, but it can also be taken as a disposition to worry, warranting a focus on the caller's emotional state. Showing how participants manage this challenge as they navigate ‘whom to help’, the paper contributes to research on the accomplishment of subjectivity and objectivity and demonstrates the utility of this framework in suicide prevention.
A revised model for Neogene Zagros foreland sedimentation in the Lurestan arc based on new geochemical data
Authors: Dietzel Christian A. F. , Kirscher Uwe , Berthold Christoph , Majidifard Mahmoud Reza , Böhme Madelaine
Published: March 2024

The Zagros foreland basin is an important sedimentary archive for the tectonic and paleoclimatic evolution of the Zagros Mountains and the entire Neotethyan Arabia–Iran collision zone. By combining new geochemical high‐resolution whole rock XRF data with clay mineralogy and soluble salt geochemistry we propose an evolution of the sedimentary environment in the Lurestan arc from the Serravallian to the early Pleistocene, closing a gap in understanding the complex exhumation history of the central Zagros mountain belt. An increase in ultramafic sedimentary input indicates a shift from provenance 1 to provenance 2 by ophiolite exhumation at ca.10 Ma in the Imbricated Zagros north of the Lurestan arc. Our data further indicates that the sedimentary environment of parts of the Lahbari Mb within the Lurestan arc represents a piedmont deposition of fine‐grained alluvial fans and siltstones with aeolian contribution deposited under hyper‐arid climate conditions. These represent provenance shift 3 and were likely sourced from evaporites of the underlying Gachsaran Fm and fluvial deposits of the Lower Aghajari Mb (provenance 1 and provenance 2), uplifted by the Mountain Front Flexure at around 5.6 Ma. Combining XRF whole rock data with clay mineral data refines formation conditions of the clay minerals in the foreland basin such as palygorskite, which is revealed to be authigenic in origin in the Lower Aghajari Mb. as a function of varying Mg‐content due to variations of erosion of the ultramafic and mafic rocks in the Imbricate Zagros belt. Palygorskite in the Lahbari Member is likely both inherited from the Neogene Gachsaran evaporites as well as of authigenic origin.
Changes in tropical terrestrial vertebrate communities along two anthropogenic gradients: Forest degradation and accessibility
Authors: Wong Seth T. , Mohamed Azlan , Mathai John , Niedballa Jürgen , Kissing Johnny , Lagan Peter , Hastie Alexander Y. L. , Wilting Andreas , Sollmann Rahel
Published: March 2024

Forest degradation and hunting are two major drivers of species declines in tropical forests, often associated with forest production activities and infrastructure. To assess how the medium‐to‐large bodied terrestrial vertebrate community varied across these two main gradients of anthropogenic impact, we conducted a camera‐trap survey across three production forest reserves in central Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, each with different past and current logging regimes. We analyzed data from a 32‐species community using a Bayesian community occupancy model, investigating the response of occurrence, diversity, and composition to forest degradation and accessibility (a proxy for hunting pressure). We found forest degradation to be a strong driver of occurrence of individual species. Such responses led to declines in diversity and shifts in community composition, where forest‐dependent species decreased while disturbance‐tolerant species increased in occupancy probability with increasing forest degradation. Accessibility had a weaker effect on community diversity and species occupancy, and low‐level hunting pressure and management of access to our study sites likely played an important role in mitigating accessibility effects. Nonetheless, our results showed accessibility had compounding effects on a wildlife community already affected negatively by forest degradation. Despite the impacts of forest degradation and accessibility on the terrestrial vertebrate community, our results highlight how the application of more sustainable practices—reducing forest disturbance and managing unauthorized access to logging roads—resulted in more intact wildlife communities. Understanding how both disturbances combined affect the terrestrial vertebrate community is essential for evaluating and developing effective sustainability guidelines.

Abstract in malay is available with online material.
Kinesin family member 12‐related hepatopathy: A generally indolent disorder with elevated gamma‐glutamyl‐transferase activity
Authors: Vogel Georg‐Friedrich , Podpeskar Alexandra , Rieder Dietmar , Salzer Helin , Garczarczyk‐Asim Dorota , Wang Li , Abuduxikuer Kuerbanjiang , Wang Jian‐She , Scharrer Anke , Faqeih Eissa Ali , Aseeri Ali T. , Vodopiutz Julia , Heilos Andreas , Pichler Judith , Huber Wolf‐Dietrich , Müller Thomas , Knisely A. S. , Janecke Andreas R.
Published: March 2024

Exome sequencing (ES) has identified biallelic kinesin family member 12 (KIF12) mutations as underlying neonatal cholestatic liver disease. We collected information on onset and progression of this entity. Among consecutively referred pediatric patients at our centers, diagnostic ES identified 4 patients with novel, biallelic KIF12 variants using the human GRCh38 reference sequence, as KIF12 remains incompletely annotated in the older reference sequence GRCh37. A review of these and of 21 reported patients with KIF12 variants found that presentation with elevated serum transaminase activity in the context of trivial respiratory infection, without clinical features of liver disease, was more common (n = 18) than manifest cholestatic disease progressing rapidly to liver transplantation (LT; n = 7). Onset of liver disease was at age <1 year in 15 patients; LT was more common in this group. Serum gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase activity (GGT) was elevated in all patients, and total bilirubin was elevated in 15 patients. Liver fibrosis or cirrhosis was present in 14 of 18 patients who were biopsied. The 16 different pathogenic variants and 11 different KIF12 genotypes found were not correlated with age of onset or progression to LT. Identification of biallelic pathogenic KIF12 variants distinguishes KIF12‐related disease from other entities with elevated GGT.
Whoever you want me to be: Personality and incentives
Authors: McGee Andrew , McGee Peter
Published: March 2024

What can employers learn from personality tests when applicants have incentives to misrepresent themselves? Using a within‐subject, laboratory experiment, we compare personality measures with and without incentives for misrepresentation. Incentivized personality measures are weakly to moderately correlated with non‐incentivized measures in all treatments. When test‐takers are given a job ad indicating that an extrovert (introvert) is desired, extroversion measures are positively (negatively) correlated with IQ. Among other characteristics, only locus of control appears related to faking on personality measures. Our findings highlight the identification challenges in measuring personality and the potential for correlations between incentivized personality measures and other traits.
Decreased neutrophil function in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients is restored with lenalidomide therapy
Authors: Askman Sandra , Westerlund Julia , Pettersson Åsa , Hellmark Thomas , Johansson Åsa , Wichert Stina , Hansson Markus
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Bacterial infections are common and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM). We have investigated the function of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN), the immune system's first line of defense against bacteria, in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), smoldering MM (SMM), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and healthy controls.

Methods

Phagocytosis and oxidative burst in PMN cells from patients and healthy donors were investigated using PhagoTest and PhagoBurst assay.

Results

PMN from NDMM, SMM, and MGUS patients had reduced phagocytosis and oxidative burst ability compared with healthy controls. The dysfunction was most prominent in BM samples from MM, SMM, and MGUS patients. Importantly the reduced phagocytosis in MM patients was restored in patients on lenalidomide therapy. Consistently the ability of Escherichia coli stimulated oxidative burst in BM was reduced for the MM, SMM, and MGUS cohort in contrast to the healthy controls and the patients on lenalidomide treatment.

Conclusion

Our results show that MM patients have neutrophil dysfunction that could contribute to susceptibility for bacterial infections and that lenalidomide therapy was associated with restored PMN function.
Service delivery in acute ischemic stroke patients: Does sex matter?
Authors: Medlin Friedrich , Strambo Davide , Lambrou Dimitris , Caso Valeria , Michel Patrik
Published: March 2024

Background and purpose

Women with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are older and have greater preexisting handicap than men. Given that these factors do not fully explain their poorer long‐term outcomes, we sought to investigate potential sex differences in the delivery of acute stroke care in a large cohort of consecutive AIS patients.

Methods

We analyzed all patients from ASTRAL (Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne) from March 2003 to December 2019. Multivariable analyses were performed on acute time metrics, revascularization therapies, ancillary examinations for stroke workup, subacute symptomatic carotid artery revascularization, frequency of change in goals of care (palliative care), and length of hospital stay.

Results

Of the 5347 analyzed patients, 45% were biologically female and the median age was 74.6 years. After multiple adjustments, female sex was significantly associated with higher onset‐to‐door (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.14) and door‐to‐endovascular‐puncture intervals (aHR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.05–1.25). Women underwent numerically fewer diagnostic examinations (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.85–1.04) and fewer subacute carotid revascularizations (aOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.33–1.18), and had longer hospital stays (aHR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.99–1.07), but these differences were not statistically significant. We found no differences in the rates of acute revascularization treatments, or in the frequency of change of goals of treatments.

Conclusions

This retrospective analysis of a large, consecutive AIS cohort suggests that female sex is associated with unfavorable pre‐ and in‐hospital time metrics, such as a longer onset‐to‐door and door‐to‐endovascular‐puncture intervals. Such indicators of less effective stroke care delivery may contribute to the poorer long‐term functional outcomes in female patients and require further attention.
Bankruptcy prediction using optimal ensemble models under balanced and imbalanced data
Authors: Amirshahi Bahareh , Lahmiri Salim
Published: March 2024

This study explores the performance of gradient boosting methods in bankruptcy prediction for a highly imbalanced dataset. We developed different heterogenous ensemble models based on three popular gradient boosting methods—XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. Our ensemble models were optimized using the cross‐validation method and the results of the hold‐out test sets showed that the optimized ensemble models not only outperform their base learners, but also improve the state‐of‐the‐art benchmark results on the same dataset. Interestingly, we observed that the data oversampling technique that is commonly used to address the class imbalance issue had an adverse impact on our ensemble models' performance. This indicates that our models are robust to the imbalanced dataset problem that typically degrades the classification performance of machine learning models.
How do law and religion influence child marriage? A qualitative study using content analysis
Authors: Baraie Bahman , Rezaei Mehdi , Nadrian Haidar , Matlabi Hossein
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of religion and law on child marriage in Sanandaj, Iran.

Background

The prevalence of child marriage is 16.65% in Iran and 11% in the Kurdish city of Sanandaj. This study considers the legality and legitimacy of this practice in Iran.

Method

Eligible participants were selected through purposive sampling. Participants included three groups: parents of a married child (n = 7), women who were child brides (n = 19), and experts (sociologists, marriage concluders, and marriage counselors; n = 7). The research question was “What impact do religious and legal factors have on the decision of families in child marriage?” The data were gathered using semistructured in‐depth interviews and analyzed by conventional content analysis method.

Results

The findings were generally categorized into four main themes including law–religion issues (subthemes: marriageable age in civil law, Sharia principles), predisposed religious interpretations (subthemes: religious interpretations confirming child marriage, interpretations rejecting child marriage), institutional factors (subthemes: official agencies, religious factors), and religious viewpoint of families toward child marriage (subthemes: avoidance of sin, reference of parents/children to religious rules).

Conclusions

The intersection of law, religion, and family institutions, with their interconnected rules, encourage child marriage (particularly for girls) in Sanandaj, Iran. Any change in these factors (mostly civil law and Sharia) may influence the demands of families for child marriage.
Analyzing fishery data and exploring the resource status of Antarctic krill based on its environmental dependence
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Shigang , Zhang Ran , Li Hai , Song Puqing , Li Yuan , Lin Longshan
Published: March 2024

Antarctic krill Euphausia superba is a key species in the Southern Ocean ecosystem and has important ecological value. It is also one of the main fishery resources in the Southern Ocean with high economic value. In recent years, with the development of krill fishery and rapid climate change, the conservation and management of krill resources have faced unprecedented challenges. The krill resource is different from the general fishery resources. Due to the krill schooling characteristics, fishery data has some advantages over scientific survey data. Reviewing and analyzing the krill fishery data is necessary. Therefore, in this study, four fishery resource indices (FRIs) were calculated based on Antarctic krill fishery data, and based on the environmental dependence of Antarctic krill, the FRI with the strongest environmental dependence was screened by using the Gradient Forest Model, and the step changes of the FRI with strongest environmental dependence was examined by using the sequential t‐test analyses of regime shifts (STARS). The generalized additive model (GAM) to analyze the correlation between the FRI with the strongest environmental dependence and the main environmental factors, and then explore the resource status of Antarctic krill in the study area. The model results showed that the “FRI_hual” had the strongest environmental dependence and was a better indicator of the status of the Antarctic krill in the study area than the others. In the 2009–2010 year, “FRI_hual” had an obvious regime shift. The interaction of environmental factors “ice_area_2” and “SSH_1” has a great impact on “FRI_hual”. Methods used and results obtained in the study can provide new ideas and a scientific reference for future work, including integrated stock assessment of krill and krill resource monitoring, conservation, and management based on the ecosystem.
Living with hypoxia: Residence and site fidelity by golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in habitats affected by methane seeps and chronic hypoxia
Authors: Crook David A. , Nielsen Daryl L. , Brown Paul , Petrie Rochelle T. , Dunne Craig , McPhan Luke M. , Rees Gavin N.
Published: March 2024

We conducted an acoustic telemetry study of native golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) to examine movement behaviour in areas affected by methane seeps and hypoxia in the intermittent Condamine River, Murray‐Darling Basin (MDB), Australia.

Fish were collected during periods of no flow and hypoxia (dissolved oxygen [DO] <1 mg/L). Despite these conditions, 38 of 43 fish tagged with acoustic transmitters were detected for >3 months post‐tagging in the study reach and 27 fish were being detected after 14 months. During periods of elevated river flow and relatively high DO, 30 fish moved away from their original tagging locations, with three undertaking movements (>7 km) outside the study reach and not returning.

Generalised additive mixed models showed a significant increase in the probability of movement as soon as flow commenced and when water temperatures exceeded 19°C. As flows receded, most fish that had moved exhibited accurate homing behaviour to their original tagging location.

The patterns of movement and site fidelity exhibited by golden perch correspond with previous studies of the species in intermittent rivers not affected by methane seeps and severe hypoxia, suggesting that the methane seeps and hypoxia did not inhibit fish movement nor render the affected habitats unsuitable for habitation.

Golden perch can survive and remain active in water with much lower DO (<1 mg/L) than previously described for large‐bodied native fishes in the MDB. However, fish condition in the study reach was slightly lower than other regions of the MDB, providing preliminary evidence that fish residing in habitats affected by chronic hypoxia and methane seepage may experience sub‐lethal stress.

Our results demonstrate the importance of field‐based data on the behavioural and physiological responses of fish to chronic hypoxia and methane exposure to guide appropriate management responses.
Towards a sustainable energy future: Evaluating Arundo donax L. in continuous anaerobic digestion for biogas production
Authors: Špelić Karlo , Panjičko Mario , Zupančić Gregor Drago , Lončar Anamarija , Brandić Ivan , Tomić Ivana , Matin Ana , Krička Tajana , Jurišić Vanja
Published: March 2024

In response to the EU's REPowerEU initiative (COM (2022) 108) which encourages an increase in biogas production by 20% in member states by 2030 to boost energy independence, it has become essential to identify sustainable alternatives to traditional feedstocks for biogas production, especially in the EU Member states where there is still high dependence on corn silage as the main raw material in biogas plants. While corn silage, predominantly used in the European biogas plants today, serves primarily for the livestock sector, alternative sources need to be explored. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of Arundo donax, a perennial energy crop, as an alternative feedstock in a continuous anaerobic process. The biogas yield and its quality, characterized by CH4, CO2, H2S and O2 content, were determined during a continuous process with A. donax, compared with two mixed feedstocks of A. donax and corn silage over a 5‐month period in a continuous anaerobic digestion process. The results revealed that A. donax exhibits a biogas yield and methane content comparable to corn silage, indicating its potential as a viable and sustainable alternative feedstock for biogas production.
The importance of multi‐species grassland leys to enhance ecosystem services in crop rotations
Authors: Malisch C. S. , Finn J. A. , Eriksen J. , Loges R. , Brophy C. , Huguenin‐Elie O.
Published: March 2024

The ongoing simplification of agricultural production systems has resulted in several negative consequences, ranging from losses in soil organic carbon and biodiversity to a high dependency on external inputs to maintain high yields. We identify how grassland leys in crop rotations may help to mitigate these effects, by conserving soil organic carbon and enhancing nutrient efficiency. In particular, grasslands containing legumes enhance these benefits by providing nitrogen, and displacement of mineral N fertilizer. In crop rotations, these grasslands may transfer some of the acquired nitrogen to arable follow‐on crops, thereby reducing the necessity for external inputs, while at the same time providing additional benefits, such as improvement of soil quality and reduction of weed pressure. However, there are still considerable knowledge gaps about how to optimize the community composition of grassland leys to best enhance the supply of these ecosystem services. Although the benefits of multi‐species grasslands for the grassland crop have been shown repeatedly and across a large gradient of environments, further research is required to determine the benefits for follow‐on crops, particularly across different environmental conditions. Here, we emphasize the importance of multi‐site research, such as in the research network LegacyNet. Finally, we present management techniques that are optimized for both ecosystem services and agronomic performance in mechanically cut and grazed systems. For the latter, we consider how the inclusion of bioactive plant species can enhance animal health and lower methane emissions in grazing ruminants.
Timing and Source of Recharge to the Columbia River Basalt Groundwater System in Northeastern Oregon
Authors: Johnson Henry M. , Ely Kate , Maher Anna‐Turi
Published: March 2024

Recharge to and flow within the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) groundwater flow system of northeastern Oregon were characterized using isotopic, gas, and age‐tracer samples from wells completed in basalt, springs, and stream base flow. Most groundwater samples were late‐Pleistocene to early‐Holocene; median age of well samples was 11,100 years. The relation between mean groundwater age and completed well depth across the eastern portion of the study area was similar despite differences in precipitation, topographic position, incision, thickness of the sedimentary overburden, and CRBG geologic unit. However, the lateral continuity in groundwater age was disrupted across large regional fault zones indicating these structures are substantial impediments to groundwater flow from the high‐precipitation uplands to adjacent lower‐precipitation and lower‐elevation portions of the study area. Recharge rates calculated from the age‐depth relations were <3 mm/yr and independent of the modern precipitation gradient across the study area. The age‐constrained recharge rates to the CRBG groundwater system are considerably smaller than previously published estimates and highlight the uncertainty of prevailing models used to estimate recharge to the CRBG groundwater system across the Columbia Plateau in Oregon and Washington. Age tracer and isotopic evidence indicate recharge to the CRBG groundwater system is an exceedingly slow and localized process.
Enhanced structural stability of yttria‐stabilized zirconia–LaMgAl11O19 dual ceramic coating by an α‐Al2O3 layer
Authors: Tao Haotian , Liu Tianxin , Yang Sirui , Hu Suying , Ma Rui , Xie Zhiwen
Published: March 2024

To prolong the service life and structural stability of CoCrNiAlY–yttria stabilized zirconia–LaMgAl11O19 (LaMA) dual ceramic coating during high temperature exposure, an AlY plating layer was deposited on top LaMA. Results revealed that this coating without AlY plating layer showed a rapid mass increase from 6.62 mg/cm2 at 20 h to 10.63 mg/cm2 at 80 h, but also suffered from a fast TGO growth and severe elemental diffusion, resulting in an exacerbating interface fracture of the coating. However, AlY plating layer was first oxidized, and Y2O3 induced the formation of a dense α‐Al2O3 reaction layer on the top LaMA layer, which greatly prevented the internal penetration of O2. This coating with AlY plating layer showed a relatively stable structure, a very slow TGO growth, and a slight mass increase trend from 8.19 mg/cm2 at 20 h to 8.73 mg/cm2 at 80 h. Potential oxidation damage mechanisms of the coatings with or without AlY plating layer were comprehensively clarified.
Flash‐sintering behavior of the composites of 3YSZ and graphene oxide
Authors: Singh Abhijeet , Singh Chandan , Chakrabarti Tamoghna , Yadav Devinder
Published: March 2024

Flash sintering is a novel technique that involves the sintering of green bodies in few seconds at relatively very low furnace temperature as compared to what is required to sinter them conventionally. In the present work, we flash‐sintered composites of 3 mol.% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) and graphene oxide (GO). The main aim of this work was to see if the decomposition or oxidation of carbonaceous materials can be prevented by the high heating rates during flash sintering and if composites of 3YSZ and GO can be processed in air. 3YSZ with 5, 10, and 20 wt.% of GO were prepared and subjected to constant heating rate flash‐sintering experiments where electric field was applied across the sample right from room temperature. A DC electric field of 100 V/cm was applied and the current density was set to 100 mA/mm2. It was observed that GO decomposed from the surface of the samples; however, in the core of samples, GO was retained but was reduced to graphite. Grain size of the 3YSZ phase increased with increase in the GO content, whereas the hardness decreased. It was observed that the composites containing carbonaceous reinforcements need to be flash sintered in inert atmosphere to realize their full potential.
Optimising decolourization and nitrogen component properties of corn protein hydrolysate: impact of activated carbon dosage and pH
Authors: Fu Juan , Wang Xiao , Chen Bingjie , Liu Hongru , Wu Songheng , Tong Xiaoyang , Ma Xia , Qiao Yongjin
Published: March 2024

This research was designed to examine the effects of activated carbon dosage and pH on various attributes of corn protein hydrolysate, including decolourization efficiency, nitrogen component, amino acid (AA) composition, protein secondary structure, and antioxidant activity. Optimal pigment elimination of occurred within the pH range of 2.0–4.0, utilising the hydrolysate as the control. Remarkably, the removal of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) insoluble peptide was evident at pH 4.0. The decolourization process elicited considerable reduction of the aromatic AA, exhibiting pronounced decreases of acidic AA (Glu and Asp) within the pH range of 2.0–4.0, and basic AA (His, Lys, and Arg) within the range of 6.0–8.0. Meanwhile, infrared spectroscopy analyses indicated that a dosage of 0.5% activated carbon at pH 4.0, effectively preserved the secondary structure and ratios of the control, maintaining its antioxidant activity. These results provide insights into optimisation strategies for decolourization in the food industry.
Seeing Christ, Seeing the Trinity: Beyond Boersma's Trinitarian Deficit
Authors: Strand, SJ Vincent L.
Published: March 2024

In an effort to correct the alleged ‘christological deficit’ of Thomas Aquinas's theology of the beatific vision, Hans Boersma circumscribes the object of the blessed's vision of God to the humanity of Christ and denies that they immediately see the divine essence. This results in a trinitarian deficit in Boersma's theology. For, as Matthias Scheeben's and Karl Rahner's analyses of Aquinas's theology of the beatific vision demonstrate, the blessed's immediate vision of the divine essence brings them into union with the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Juan Alfaro's account of how the blessed's vision of the humanity of Christ operates in harmony with their vision of the divine essence provides resources for constructing a thoroughly christological and trinitarian theology of the beatific vision.
Modulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells response in inflammation and autoimmunity
Authors: Ah Kioon Marie Dominique , Laurent Paôline , Chaudhary Vidyanath , Du Yong , Crow Mary K. , Barrat Franck J.
Published: March 2024

The discovery of toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and the subsequent recognition that endogenous nucleic acids (NAs) could serve as TLR ligands have led to essential insights into mechanisms of healthy immune responses as well as pathogenic mechanisms relevant to systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, NA‐containing immune complexes serve as TLR ligands, with distinct implications depending on the additional immune stimuli available. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), the robust producers of type I interferon (IFN‐I), are providing critical insights relevant to TLR‐mediated healthy immune responses and tissue repair, as well as generation of inflammation, autoimmunity and fibrosis, processes central to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. In this review, we describe recent data characterizing the role of platelets and NA‐binding chemokines in modulation of TLR signaling in pDCs, as well as implications for how the IFN‐I products of pDCs contribute to the generation of inflammation and wound healing responses by monocyte/macrophages. Chemokine modulators of TLR‐mediated B cell tolerance mechanisms and interactions between TLR signaling and metabolic pathways are also considered. The modulators of TLR signaling and their contribution to the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases suggest new opportunities for identification of novel therapeutic targets.
International evidence on global economic uncertainty and cross‐sectional stock returns
Authors: Chen Xiaoyue , Li Bin , Worthington Andrew C. , Singh Tarlok
Published: March 2024

We investigate the predictive role of global economic uncertainty exposure at the firm level in the top‐five developed stock markets outside the US. Applying portfolio‐level sorting strategies, we find that exposure to global idiosyncratic uncertainty exhibits stronger predictive power than either total or common uncertainty. Further, the idiosyncratic uncertainty betas are negatively related to future stock returns over multiple trading horizons in the UK, Europe, and Canada, and this relationship cannot be explained by common risk factors, including market, size, value, investment, profitability, and momentum. Our findings are robust to the use of firm‐level Fama–MacBeth regressions and additional trading horizons.
Structure, magnetic, and electrodynamic properties of SrInxFe12‐xO4/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composites at low temperature
Authors: Almessiere Munirah Abdullah , Algarou Norah A. , Slimani Yassine , Klygach Denis S. , Baykal Abdulhadi , Korkmaz Ayse Demir , Zubar Tatiana I. , Silibin Maxim V. , Vakhitov Maxim G. , UI‐Hamid Anwar , Trukhanov Sergey V. , Trukhanov Alex. V.
Published: March 2024

Exchange‐coupled hard–soft bi‐magnetic ferrites can be used as isolators, microwave absorption materials, filters, hyperthermia materials, and biosensors with improved energy properties. The nanocomposites with the chemical composition SrInxFe12‐xO4/Ni0.5Zn05Fe2O4 (where x varies from 0.00 to 0.04) have the advantages of both materials: spinel and hexaferrite. The combination of Sr‐hexaferrate with spinel ferrite results in proximity effects, reversal of magnetization in two stages, and blocking temperatures that can be tuned in bi‐magnetic hard and soft ferrites. It was found an anomalius kink in the hysteresis loops and two peaks in the switching field distribution at x ≤ 0.02. The exchange interaction on the surfaces of hard and soft nanoparticles explains the behavior of the magnetic characteristics.
Relationship between care dependency, adverse events, trust in nurses and satisfaction with care: The mediating role of patient‐reported missed care
Authors: İspir Demir Öznur , Yilmaz Ayşegül , Sönmez Betül
Published: March 2024

Aim

The aim of the study was to investigate the mediating effect of patient‐reported missed care in the relationship between care dependency, adverse events, trust in nurses and satisfaction with nursing care.

Design

A cross‐sectional and correlational study.

Methods

A total of 374 patients were recruited from the medical and surgical inpatient units of two public university hospitals in Türkiye using a convenience sampling method from May to August 2022. The data were collected using the Care Dependency Scale, MISSCARE Survey‐Patient, Trust in Nurses Scale and Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale. The relationships between the variables were analysed using a sequential mediation model (Model 6) in Hayes' PROCESS macro.

Results

Care dependency was found to have a significant negative effect on misscare‐communication; however, it had no significant effect on misscare‐basic care. Misscare‐communication had a significant positive effect on the experience of adverse events, while misscare‐basic care had no significant effect. Misscare‐communication and basic care had a significant negative effect on trust in nurses and satisfaction with nursing care. Misscare‐communication was found to have a partial mediating effect on the relationship between care dependency and experiencing adverse events, trust in nurses and satisfaction with nursing care.

Conclusion

The results emphasize the importance of misscare‐basic care, communication and patients' care dependency in improving patient outcomes such as experiencing adverse events, trust in nurses and satisfaction with nursing care, and they extend existing nursing studies by addressing missed care and care dependency together from the perspective of patients.

Impact

We urge nurse managers to consider the role of misscare in the impact of patients' level of care dependency on patient outcomes. Accordingly, nurse managers should focus first on interventions to eliminate misscare‐communication. Effective interventions to address factors that impact communication and fulfilment of basic care are necessary to achieve better patient outcomes.

Reporting Method

EQUATOR guidelines were followed using the STROBE reporting method.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution. Patients only contributed to data collection. Data were obtained from patients hospitalized in the medical and surgical inpatient units of two public university hospitals.
The Counterproductiveness Argument against Animal Rights Violence
Authors: Müller Nico , Spang Friderike
Published: March 2024

Arguments against inflicting violence on people to defend animal rights have relied on the view that inflicting violence is always wrong. But these arguments end up prohibiting too much, as defensive violence should be permissible in certain extreme cases. We argue that considerations about the counterproductiveness of defensive violence are better at distinguishing permissible and impermissible instances of animal rights violence than a blanket rejection of violence. We respond to the objection that assuming violence to be counterproductive is ad hoc, discussing real‐world and fictional examples of animal rights violence. We argue that defensive violence on behalf of animals should almost always be assumed to be counterproductive because it threatens to trigger self‐reinforcing reactions on the part of the socio‐technical regimes that violate animal rights in the first place.
Bergamot essential oil improves CUMS‐induced depression‐like behaviour in rats by protecting the plasticity of hippocampal neurons
Authors: Chang Jun , Yang Huimin , Shan Xiaoqian , Zhao Lan , Li Yujiao , Zhang Zhao , Abankwah Joseph Kofi , Zhang Mingxing , Bian Yuhong , Guo Yi
Published: March 2024

Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is an extract of the bergamot fruit with significant neuroprotective effect. This study was to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanism of BEO in mitigating depression. GC–MS were used to identify its constituents. Antidepressive properties of BEO were evaluated by sucrose preference test (SPT), force swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT). Nissl staining was used to determine the number of Nissl bodies in hippocampus (HIPP) of rats. Changes in HIPP dendritic length and dendritic spine density were detected by Golgi‐Cox staining. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the postsynaptic density protein‐95 (PSD‐95) and synaptophysin (SYP) in the HIPP of rats. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in the HIPP, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats. Inhaled BEO significantly improved depressive behaviour in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats. BEO increased Nissl bodies, dendritic length and spine density, PSD‐95 and SYP protein in the HIPP. Additionally, BEO upregulated serum 5‐HT, serum and CSF IGF‐1, while downregulating serum IL‐1β. Collectively, inhaled BEO mitigates depression by protecting the plasticity of hippocampal neurons, hence, providing novel insights into treatment of depression.
Cost–benefit analysis of ecosystem modeling to support fisheries management
Authors: Holden Matthew H. , Plagányi Eva E. , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Campbell Alexander B. , Janes Rachel , Lovett Robyn A. , Wickens Montana , Adams Matthew P. , Botelho Larissa Lubiana , Dichmont Catherine M. , Erm Philip , Helmstedt Kate J. , Heneghan Ryan F. , Mendiolar Manuela , Richardson Anthony J. , Rogers Jacob G. D. , Saunders Kate , Timms Liam
Published: March 2024

Mathematical and statistical models underlie many of the world's most important fisheries management decisions. Since the 19th century, difficulty calibrating and fitting such models has been used to justify the selection of simple, stationary, single‐species models to aid tactical fisheries management decisions. Whereas these justifications are reasonable, it is imperative that we quantify the value of different levels of model complexity for supporting fisheries management, especially given a changing climate, where old methodologies may no longer perform as well as in the past. Here we argue that cost‐benefit analysis is an ideal lens to assess the value of model complexity in fisheries management. While some studies have reported the benefits of model complexity in fisheries, modeling costs are rarely considered. In the absence of cost data in the literature, we report, as a starting point, relative costs of single‐species stock assessment and marine ecosystem models from two Australian organizations. We found that costs varied by two orders of magnitude, and that ecosystem model costs increased with model complexity. Using these costs, we walk through a hypothetical example of cost‐benefit analysis. The demonstration is intended to catalyze the reporting of modeling costs and benefits.
Effective family‐based program options for justice‐involved youth
Authors: Chiang Yu‐Shan , Ochoa Theresa A. , Ibrahim Yusra
Published: March 2024

Families play a significant role both in youth's development of criminal behavior and in their desistance of criminal behavior. Nonetheless, programming for families of justice‐involved youth is limited. This article describes two family‐based programs found in the National Institute of Justice CrimeSolutions database. Among 19 programs for families, only the Functional Family Therapy and Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Adolescents are documented as effective in helping justice‐involved youths and their families. The discussion proposes how these programs could be used to harness services under special education law for students with emotional and behavioral disabilities who are overrepresented in juvenile correctional facilities.
Emergency department communication with diverse caregivers and persons living with dementia: A qualitative study
Authors: Chary Anita N. , Hernandez Norvin , Rivera Ana Paulina , Santangelo Ilianna , Ritchie Christine , Ouchi Kei , Liu Shan W. , Naik Aanand D. , Kennedy Maura
Published: March 2024

Background

Research to date has detailed numerous challenges in emergency department (ED) communication with persons living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers. However, little is known about communication experiences of individuals belonging to minoritized racial and ethnic groups, who are disproportionately impacted by dementia and less likely to be included in dementia research.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 29 caregivers of PLWD from two urban academic hospital EDs with distinct patient populations. The first site is an ED in the Northeast serving a majority White, English‐speaking, and insured population. The second site is an ED in the South serving a majority Black and/or Hispanic, Spanish‐speaking, and underinsured population. Interviews lasted an average of 25 min and were digitally recorded and transcribed. We used an inductive approach to analyze interview transcripts for dominant themes and compared themes between sites.

Results

Our sample included caregivers of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Caregivers cared for PLWD who spoke English, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Vietnamese. We identified three themes. First, caregiver advocacy was central to experiences of ED communication, particularly when PLWD primarily spoke a non‐English language. Second, routine care plans did not address what mattered most to participants and PLWD. Participants felt that care arose from protocols and did not address what mattered most to them. Third, White English‐speaking caregivers in Site 1 more commonly expected ED staff to engage them in care decision‐making than Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Middle Eastern caregivers in Site 2.

Conclusion

Language barriers amplify the higher intensity care needed by PLWD in the ED. Strategies should be developed for communicating with PLWD and caregivers about what matters most in their ED care.
Porousness, theater, possession, being consumed, death, sanctity: Narratives from the field with a radical street performer
Authors: Balán Laura
Published: March 2024

The paper reflects on the experiences of the porous body of a radical street performer from Medellin, Colombia. His narratives emphasize the reciprocal relationship between the knower and the known: as Ingold suggests, “to know things you have to grow into them and let them grow in you so that they become part of who you are.” Furthermore, his narratives help to unravel the underlying threads of his actions, and the construction of his porous subjectivity. The article contributes to our understanding of mimesis in anthropological discourse, the relational and embodied nature of human existence, and the role of possession in cultural resistance and social transformation. Following Bernardo's pedagogy, the writing interweaves poetry, narrative, and theoretical concepts in seeking not to close meaning, but to open spaces to be inhabited.
Cosmetic injectables in skin of color: A review of uses, safety, and effectiveness of neuromodulators and dermal fillers
Authors: McKenzie Shanice , Wang Jason , Mora Hurtado Arielle Carolina , Uppal Pushpinder , Taylor Susan C. , Elbuluk Nada
Published: March 2024

Background

Skin of color (SOC) individuals represent a growing market for cosmetic injectables and can have different aesthetic goals and responses to treatment.

Objective

A review of the uses, safety, and effectiveness of injectable neuromodulators and dermal fillers in SOC individuals.

Methods and Materials

A search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted from August 1960 to December 2020. Studies that were included either had a focus on SOC (>20% SOC study participants) or dedicated article content commenting on the safety and/or efficacy of injectables in SOC participants.

Results

Of the 503 publications identified, a total of 88 articles were selected for this review. Differences in aging and cultural factors can influence aesthetic goals amongst SOC populations. Available data suggests that botulinum toxin (BTX) and dermal fillers are safe and effective in SOC populations, with the largest amount of data existing for Asian populations. There remains a paucity of research on Black and Latinx populations.

Conclusion

BTX and dermal fillers are generally effective and well tolerated in SOC populations, particularly Asian populations for which the greatest amount of data exists. More high quality, randomized controlled trials in Black and Latinx populations are warranted.