bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Verification of a Mobile Shelter Assessment System “Rapid Assessment System of Evacuation Center Condition Featuring Gonryo and Miyagi (RASECC-GM)” for Major Disasters
Authors: Ishii Tadashi , Nakayama Masaharu , Abe Michiaki , Takayama Shin , Kamei Takashi , Abe Yoshiko , Yamadera Jun , Amito Koichiro , Morino Kazuma
Published: August 2016

Introduction

There were 5,385 deceased and 710 missing in the Ishinomaki medical zone following the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred in Japan on March 11, 2011. The Ishinomaki Zone Joint Relief Team (IZJRT) was formed to unify the relief teams of all organizations joining in support of the Ishinomaki area. The IZJRT expanded relief activity as they continued to manually collect and analyze assessments of essential information for maintaining health in all 328 shelters using a paper-type survey. However, the IZJRT spent an enormous amount of time and effort entering and analyzing these data because the work was vastly complex. Therefore, an assessment system must be developed that can tabulate shelter assessment data correctly and efficiently. The objective of this report was to describe the development and verification of a system to rapidly assess evacuation centers in preparation for the next major disaster.

Report

Based on experiences with the complex work during the disaster, software called the “Rapid Assessment System of Evacuation Center Condition featuring Gonryo and Miyagi” (RASECC-GM) was developed to enter, tabulate, and manage the shelter assessment data. Further, a verification test was conducted during a large-scale Self-Defense Force (SDF) training exercise to confirm its feasibility, usability, and accuracy. The RASECC-GM comprises three screens: (1) the “Data Entry screen,” allowing for quick entry on tablet devices of 19 assessment items, including shelter administrator, living and sanitary conditions, and a tally of the injured and sick; (2) the “Relief Team/Shelter Management screen,” for registering information on relief teams and shelters; and (3) the “Data Tabulation screen,” which allows tabulation of the data entered for each shelter, as well as viewing and sorting from a disaster headquarters’ computer. During the verification test, data of mock shelters entered online were tabulated quickly and accurately on a mock disaster headquarters’ computer. Likewise, data entered offline also were tabulated quickly on the mock disaster headquarters’ computer when the tablet device was moved into an online environment.

Conclusions

The RASECC-GM, a system for rapidly assessing the condition of evacuation centers, was developed. Tests verify that users of the system would be able to easily, quickly, and accurately assess vast quantities of data from multiple shelters in a major disaster and immediately manage the inputted data at the disaster headquarters.

IshiiT, NakayamaM, AbeM, TakayamaS, KameiT, AbeY, YamaderaJ, AmitoK, MorinoK. Development and verification of a mobile shelter assessment system “Rapid Assessment System of Evacuation Center Condition featuring Gonryo and Miyagi (RASECC-GM)” for major disasters. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(5):539–546.
Developing a Data Visualization System for the Bank of America Chicago Marathon (Chicago, Illinois USA)
Authors: Hanken Taylor , Young Sam , Smilowitz Karen , Chiampas George , Waskowski David
Published: August 2016

As one of the largest marathons worldwide, the Bank of America Chicago Marathon (BACCM; Chicago, Illinois USA) accumulates high volumes of data. Race organizers and engaged agencies need the ability to access specific data in real-time. This report details a data visualization system designed for the Chicago Marathon and establishes key principles for event management data visualization. The data visualization system allows for efficient data communication among the organizing agencies of Chicago endurance events. Agencies can observe the progress of the race throughout the day and obtain needed information, such as the number and location of runners on the course and current weather conditions. Implementation of the system can reduce time-consuming, face-to-face interactions between involved agencies by having key data streams in one location, streamlining communications with the purpose of improving race logistics, as well as medical preparedness and response.

HankenT, YoungS, SmilowitzK, ChiampasG, WaskowskiD. Developing a data visualization system for the Bank of America Chicago Marathon (Chicago, Illinois USA). Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(5):572–577.
The Study-To-Work Transition of University Students With a Disability
Authors: McIlveen Peter , Cameron Martin , McLachlan Deborah , Gunn Jenny
Published: August 2016

Acareer development approach to disability and vocational rehabilitation indicates the need to empower clients' capacity to enter the workforce through ‘career enhancement’. This paper outlines a forum for university students with a disability that was informed by the notion of career enhancement and was conducted with the purpose of linking students with one another, and with employers, employment agencies, state and Australian government agencies, and key staff of the university's careers service. Feedback from students indicated the value of the event in terms of outcome and process.
Beyond Blame: An Exposition of Systemic Barriers in the Return-to-Work Process
Authors: Murphy Patricia , O'Neill Veronica , Kendall Elizabeth
Published: August 2016

The Compulsory Third Party (CTP) system in Queensland is in need of modification to ensure efficacious rehabilitation outcomes for individuals injured in motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). In an attempt to address this concern, a study was conducted to examine the perceptions of three major stakeholders in this CTP process, namely, insurers, rehabilitation providers and solicitors. Further, the systemic chemistry inherent to the system was explored. Pervasive within this study was the notion that a culture of blame resulted from competing stakeholder agendas, the nature of the partnerships established between these stakeholders, and the widespread confusion resulting from the interplay of complex systemic factors. These systemic factors contributed significantly to ineffective rehabilitation and return to work for persons injured in MVAs. This paper is the first in a series about these concerns.
Australian Relevance of Community-based Social Skills and Work Readiness Training for Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Upton Thomas D. , Bordieri James , Roberts Mary Ann
Published: August 2016

Social skill deficits following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are prevalent. However, the development and provision of pro-active treatments for these deficits during rehabilitation have not kept pace with the need. Previous research described the development and presented encouraging data for community-based intensive social skills and work readiness training programs for adults with a brain injury. Brain injury residuals present similar social and vocational challenges to professionals worldwide. As such, this paper proposes these rehabilitation services may be replicated across cultures. To facilitate crosscultural replication, a training framework is shared. Australian rehabilitation counsellors may use this framework to replicate these services and contribute to the community reintegration of adults with brain injury.
Impact of Neurobehavioural Sequelae of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on Rehabilitation
Authors: Pachana Nancy A. , Babbage Duncan R.
Published: August 2016

Neurobehavioural symptoms, such as changes in personality, psychiatric symptoms such as depression, and behavioural changes such as increased irritability, are frequent consequences of head injury. Even in the case of mild head injuries, such symptoms may be severe enough to have a negative impact upon rehabilitation. The nature of these symptoms, mitigating factors and possible responses within a rehabilitation context are discussed.
Job Satisfaction in Rehabilitation Case Managers: The Role of Organisational Commitment and Climate, Occupational Self Efficacy, and Perceived Competencies
Authors: Collinson Cathie , Flett Ross , Handy Jocelyn , Brook Judy , Alpass Fiona
Published: August 2016

We examined relations between organisational perceptions (organisational commitment, organisational climate), personal evaluations (occupational self efficacy, skills/competencies) and subsequent job satisfaction (extrinsic and intrinsic) among a group of 101 New Zealand rehabilitation case managers. Analyses indicated that organisational commitment, organisational climate and perceived skills/competencies made a significant contribution to the prediction of extrinsic job satisfaction while organisational climate alone was a significant predictor of intrinsic job satisfaction. Despite a number of limitations, the findings have implications for the understanding of die occupational dynamics of rehabilitation service provision and illustrate the importance of a continued research focus on the antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction in rehabilitation professionals.
New Zealand and the ACC: A noble experiment that failed?
Authors: McNaughton Harry K. , McPherson Kathryn M.
Published: August 2016

New Zealand's Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC), which provides no-fault 24-hour cover for accidents, has been the subject of continuous debate since its inception in 1974. This article provides an up-to-date summary of changes to the legislation and how they have, or might, impact on providers and consumers of services. An attempt is made to look at the outcomes for ACC claimants in different broad categories. Although the ACC system has shown itself over time to be fairly resilient in the face of change, providers and consumers may not agree that the amount of change has delivered a better product for New Zealand.
Engaging Reluctant Clients: A Study of Rehabilitation Counsellors
Authors: Kamateros Kon
Published: August 2016

This study sought the views of 22 Victorian rehabilitation counsellors (RC's) about what they do to try and engage reluctant clients, the behaviour such clients exhibit, whether RC's discuss the reluctance and the mandatory nature of participating in rehabilitation with their clients, and how RC's choose to respond to reluctance. RC's reported that reluctance was most often a result of clients' emotional adjustment difficulties, and that the most difficult clients to engage were those who were passively disengaged rather than those who were initially angry or hostile. Engagement relied on RC's uncovering the clients' own goals for participating in rehabilitation. Implications of the findings for practice, and the need for a model of client reluctance in rehabilitation are discussed.
The Reformed Californian Workers' Compensation System: Outcomes for Injured Workers
Authors: Bentley Sandra
Published: August 2016

In a period of legislative reform, New South Wales' workers compensation stakeholders can learn at least broad lessons by making comparisons with the experience of other countries in post reform review. This article considers the overall impact of the 1993 reforms on the Californian workers' compensation system, with focus on reforms and outcomes in the Vocational Rehabilitation sector. It was found post reform that the number of claims and paid benefits have decreased substantially, and total premiums paid and Vocational Rehabilitation expenditures are down dramatically. However, the changes are blamed for an increase in legal complexity, as return-to work outcomes and post-injury earnings for injured workers appear to have worsened. Additionally benefit levels remain a continuing concern.
Stress and Burnout Among Rehabilitation Counsellors Within the Context of Insurance-Based Rehabilitation: An Institutional-Level Analysis
Authors: Buys Nicholas , Kendall Elizabeth
Published: August 2016

Work stress and burnout are common problems in rehabilitation services. Usually, attempts to account for stress and burnout focus on the qualities of the individual and the demands of the organisational environment. However, the current paper has responded to recent demands in the occupational stress literature to examine burnout from a third perspective, namely the institutional level. This level of analysis transcends the boundaries of organisations and can be defined by the various political, economic, social and legal constraints that characterise a broad area. It is argued that the rapid growth of insurance-based rehabilitation in Australia has created a unique institutional context that has significant implications for the development of stress and burnout among rehabilitation counsellors. Rehabilitation counsellors in this context face a diverse array of conflicting demands within a system that often does not support the goals of rehabilitation. It is proposed that the development of strategies to reduce stress and burnout in this area would benefit from an institutional-level analysis. While individualised stress management training clearly has a role in the minimisation of stress and burnout, it is proposed in the current paper that this issue has human resource management and educational implications that must be addressed.
Transition From School to Adult Life in the United States: Issues, Practices, and Recommendations
Authors: Lehmann Jean P. , Buys Laurie R. , Nelson Raymond E.
Published: August 2016

This paper is an overview of the transition process for students with disability who are exiting from high school programs into adult life in the United States. Information about available adult services and the changing nature of the employment situation is highlighted. Further, practices that are currently considered to be the best by those actively involved in conducting research and articulating models for improving the future for persons with disability are briefly described. Finally issues and barriers that prevent persons with disability from establishing an adult presence through full participation within our communities are discussed and recommendations about service provision offered.
Using Locus of Control to Predict the Return-to-Work Achievements of Back-Injured Occupational Rehabilitation Clients
Authors: Murphy Gregory C. , Young Amanda E. , Vo Kim-Mai
Published: August 2016

It has been proposed that perceived control plays an important role in influencing health-related behaviour. This study examined the relationship between locus of control and the return-to-work achievements of a group of back-injured workers' compensation claimants. The obtained results supported the hypothesised relationships between both ‘internal’ and ‘powerful others’ locus of control, and the return-to-work criterion variables. It was concluded that use of rehabilitation-specific measures of locus of control (such as were employed in the present study) could guide the program planning efforts of rehabilitation personnel dealing with this client group.
Bilingualism and the semantic-conceptual interface: the influence of language on categorization
Authors: VIÑAS-GUASCH NESTOR , GATHERCOLE VIRGINIA C. MUELLER , STADTHAGEN-GONZALEZ HANS
Published: August 2016

These studies address monolinguals' and bilinguals' processing of categories, in order to examine the relationship between concepts and linguistically encoded classes. We focus on languages that differ in their conceptual lexicalization and breadth of application, where one language has a single word (e.g., dedo in Spanish) that corresponds to two words in another language (e.g., English finger and toe). Categories differed across types of semantics-concept mappings, from ‘classical’ cases, involving members close in the conceptual space, to ‘homonyms’, involving conceptually distant items. Bilingual Catalan speakers, and English and Spanish monolinguals judged whether objects were ‘like’ an initial referent presented either with or without a label. Scores were highest in classical categories, lowest in homonyms; higher in narrow than wide categories; and better in labeled than unlabeled cases. Bilinguals outperformed monolinguals in judgments that conformed with their language, especially in wide categories. We discuss implications for the semantics-cognition interface and bilingualism.
The developmental trajectories of attention distribution and segment-tone integration in Dutch learners of Mandarin tones
Authors: ZOU TING , CHEN YIYA , CASPERS JOHANNEKE
Published: August 2016

This study investigates how beginner and advanced Dutch learners of Mandarin process tonal information. An ABX task was adopted to investigate phonological discrimination of Mandarin tones and segment-tone integration in Dutch learners of Mandarin, with both native Mandarin and Dutch speakers (without tonal learning experience) as control groups. Results showed a developmental path in lexical tone processing. The beginner learners could not process tonal contrast adequately at the phonological level, and they processed segmental and tonal information separately, like native Dutch listeners without Mandarin experience. The advanced learners showed a good phonological discrimination of tonal contrasts. They showed a more native-like pattern in distributing their attention between segmental and tonal information, and they processed the two dimensions in an integrated manner, similar to native Mandarin listeners. This suggests that the acquisition of new tonal categories in L2 involves a redistribution of attention along perceptual dimensions and the development of segment-tone integration.
Characteristics of European adults who dropped out from the Food4Me Internet-based personalised nutrition intervention
Authors: Livingstone Katherine M , Celis-Morales Carlos , Macready Anna L , Fallaize Rosalind , Forster Hannah , Woolhead Clara , O’Donovan Clare B , Marsaux Cyril FM , Navas-Carretero Santiago , San-Cristobal Rodrigo , Kolossa Silvia , Tsirigoti Lydia , Lambrinou Christina P , Moschonis George , Surwiłło Agnieszka , Drevon Christian A , Manios Yannis , Traczyk Iwona , Gibney Eileen R , Brennan Lorraine , Walsh Marianne C , Lovegrove Julie A , Martinez J Alfredo , Saris Wim HM , Daniel Hannelore , Gibney Mike , Mathers John C
Published: August 2016

Objective

To characterise participants who dropped out of the Food4Me Proof-of-Principle study.

Design

The Food4Me study was an Internet-based, 6-month, four-arm, randomised controlled trial. The control group received generalised dietary and lifestyle recommendations, whereas participants randomised to three different levels of personalised nutrition (PN) received advice based on dietary, phenotypic and/or genotypic data, respectively (with either more or less frequent feedback).

Setting

Seven recruitment sites: UK, Ireland, The Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Poland and Greece.

Subjects

Adults aged 18–79 years (n 1607).

Results

A total of 337 (21 %) participants dropped out during the intervention. At baseline, dropouts had higher BMI (0·5 kg/m2; P<0·001). Attrition did not differ significantly between individuals receiving generalised dietary guidelines (Control) and those randomised to PN. Participants were more likely to drop out (OR; 95 % CI) if they received more frequent feedback (1·81; 1·36, 2·41; P<0·001), were female (1·38; 1·06, 1·78; P=0·015), less than 45 years old (2·57; 1·95, 3·39; P<0·001) and obese (2·25; 1·47, 3·43; P<0·001). Attrition was more likely in participants who reported an interest in losing weight (1·53; 1·19, 1·97; P<0·001) or skipping meals (1·75; 1·16, 2·65; P=0·008), and less likely if participants claimed to eat healthily frequently (0·62; 0·45, 0·86; P=0·003).

Conclusions

Attrition did not differ between participants receiving generalised or PN advice but more frequent feedback was related to attrition for those randomised to PN interventions. Better strategies are required to minimise dropouts among younger and obese individuals participating in PN interventions and more frequent feedback may be an unnecessary burden.
Radiotherapy waiting times, resources and protocols for breast carcinoma: a survey of UK radiotherapy centres
Authors: Probst H. , Holmes M. , Dodwell D.
Published: August 2016

Purpose: Radiation techniques employed for breast cancer must be efficient as well as effective in order to minimise waiting lists. Protocol restrictions, or the technical application of treatment, may influence planning and treatment times as radiographers follow departmental policies. A national survey of UK radiotherapy centres was undertaken to establish trends in waiting times for breast cancer irradiation; and to investigate relationships of waiting times with the deployment of equipment and personnel and technical procedures adopted.

Method: A questionnaire was posted to the Head of Radiotherapy Services and a Clinical Oncologist with an interest in breast cancer in the radiotherapy centres in the UK. Survey questions investigated a number of issues, including the number of breast patients planned per week; protocols chosen; average treatment and planning times; levels of personnel and equipment; and the population served.

Results: A total of 53 centres were contacted, of which 51 centres responded to some aspect of the survey (96%). Average waiting times for treatment fluctuated from 1 to 7 weeks and maximum waiting times of 11 weeks were reported. Variation in clinical practice was found, including procedure times and the number of radiographers employed per linear accelerator. A multiple regression analysis indicated that a combination of equipment levels, simulation times, and the number of breast contours taken best predicted the average waiting time for breast treatment.

Conclusion: Waiting times reported were influenced by a combination of levels of equipment available and protocols adopted.
Absolute radiation dose verification using magnetic resonance imaging: feasibility study
Authors: Liney G. P. , Heathcote A. , Jenner A. , Turnbull L. W. , Beavis A. W.
Published: August 2016

This work describes the feasibility of using a polymer-based tissue equivalent gel for measuring radiation doses in situ. The gel is based on the MAGIC formulation thereby enabling it to be manufactured under normal atmospheric conditions. Its composition has been altered to achieve a similar sensitivity to the more widely used, but technically more difficult to produce, PAG gels. Irradiation of the gel material causes polymerisation of the molecular structure resulting in a shortening of transverse relaxation time (T2), which can be imaged using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This work calibrates the radiation response in terms of transverse relaxation rate (R2) and uses this information to provide absolute dose verification in a separate gel, which has been previously irradiated to a known configuration. Results demonstrate that this technique is able to verify radiation doses to within a few percent of delivered intent in three dimensions and with high spatial resolution. This work may be followed by anyone with an interest in the quality assurance of advanced conformal radiotherapy delivery methods.
THE SYMBOLIST CONCEIT: VLADIMIR SOLOV′EV'S POSTHUMOUS CAREER, THE POLITICS OF RECEPTION, AND THE LEGACY OF THE RUSSIAN EMIGRATION, 1892–1956
Authors: GILLEN SEAN
Published: August 2016

For nearly a century, the interpretation of Vladimir Sergeevich Solov′ev (1853–1900) has been locked in a “mythopoeic method” of the Symbolist conceit rooted in Europe-widefin de sièclecultural developments. Solov′ev's posterity has come to see him as a mystic prophesying the folly of reason and mass politics, whereas his contemporaries saw him as the model for both Ivan and Alyosha Karamazov in Fedor Dostoevskii'sThe Brothers Karamazov—a dramatization of the “politics of the self” within the secularization frame. The story of the gap between these two images reveals the historicity of the Symbolist conceit. More broadly, it shows how the Russian authors of this myth participated in transnational prewar and interwar discourses about mass politics, culture, and violence that expand the typical chronological and geographical boundaries associated with these developments.
What Constitutes Successful Entrepreneurship? An Analysis of Recent Australasian Awards Experiences
Authors: Kearins Kate , Luke Belinda , Corner Patricia
Published: August 2016

Theory about what constitutes entrepreneurial success is explored using case studies of the 2003 Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award winners for Australia and New Zealand. Findings suggest the need to more equally emphasize what theory presents as elements of successful entrepreneurship, and importantly, incorporate ethics as a key dimension. Further, the analysis offers insight into how business awards processes in general might be conducted.

Entrepreneurship has long been considered an important economic activity. The past twenty years has witnessed an explosion of research into entrepreneurs and their actions (Venkatarman 1997; Hannafey 2003) with considerable emphasis on the elements that constitute successful entrepreneurship. However, there has been little empirical work substantiating these elements or exploring the extent to which they appear to be considered when judgements are made about entrepreneurial success. Additionally, some entrepreneurs that are judged successful, such as Monty Fu who won an entrepreneur of the year award in the United States, are later shown to be unsuccessful along a number of elements. It may be that some elements are more emphasized when judging entrepreneurial endeavours, than are others. For these reasons, the current paper focuses on the construction of successful entrepreneurship. It addresses the following research questions: Are there some elements of entrepreneurship that appear to be more emphasized than are others when judgements are made about successful entrepreneurs? Would recourse to theory help decide successful entrepreneurship?
Comparative Modelling of the Social Processes of Leadership in Work Units
Authors: Parry Ken
Published: August 2016

This research tests the extent to which the social processes of leadership, as derived from the full grounded theory method, may be tapping constructs other than those measured by existing measures of transformational leadership. The impact on work unit outcomes of two measures of transformational leadership and the social processes of leadership scale (SPL) were tested. Comparative structural equation modelling was undertaken. It was found that, with one exception – ‘active management processes’, normally classified as transactional management – measures of transformational leadership are probably pre-existing measures of the social processes of leadership in organisations. The use of the grounded theory method to research leadership is supported. Hierarchy of Abstraction Modelling is useful as a training tool and as a representation of research findings.
Trust: A Neglected Variable in Team Effectiveness Research
Authors: Kiffin-Petersen Sandra
Published: August 2016

Trust is frequently espoused as being critical to effective team processes and performance. Yet, few studies have investigated the relationship between trust and team processes, or team effectiveness. There is currently a need to locate propensity to trust (a personality composition variable) and intragroup trust (an emergent state) within mainstream team effectiveness models, not only to provide much-needed theoretical and empirical support for trust's central role in team effectiveness, but also to increase our understanding of how trust influences team effectiveness. This paper argues that trust is a neglected variable within team effectiveness research that requires further empirical investigation.
Defining the Social Capital of the Board of Directors: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Nicholson Gavin J. , Alexander Malcolm , Kiel Geoffrey C.
Published: August 2016

This paper advances the resource dependence and social networks literature by investigating a board's structural social capital created as a consequence of interlocking directorates. Using approaches and measures developed by social network analysis we compare the interpersonal directorship networks of the top 250 companies in the United States and Australia. We find that the smaller, sparser Australian network is only marginally less compact and connected than the larger US network at the firm level of analysis. However, at the director level of analysis the US network is much larger and more connected than its Australian counterpart. As a result, we argue that scholars studying the resource dependence role of boards should consider using measures of interpersonal links as well as traditional measures of inter-firm links.
The MBA at the Crossroads: Design Issues for the Future
Authors: Bubna-Litic David , Benn Suzanne
Published: August 2016

How appropriate is the MBA as the major vehicle for management education in Australia as we enter this new century? This question is explored from two perspectives. First, the implications of the changing social, economic and political context of management education, particularly the emerging needs for a sustainable and reflexive society. The second perspective will explore the recent debates around epistemology and their potentially important implications for related curriculum design issues. Assumptions about the nature of knowledge dominant in the 1960s formed the very rationale behind the design. At this time the assumption that knowledge was cumulative and each discipline had an uncontested knowledge, which could be taught in foundational subjects was central to the MBA's development. We question the ability of such subjects to capture the diversity of the disciplines they seek to represent and whether this design is the best way to develop graduates with the ability for reflexivity in action, who can broach different worldviews and have skills that can negotiate the transformations required of corporate Australia. The MBA is at the crossroads - can it regenerate through an incremental changing of curricula, to incorporate the active engagement of students with these issues? Or do we acknowledge the contested nature of knowledge creation and that the MBA is fundamentally a child of modernism which is no longer appropriate, and create a new holistic and integrated curriculum which is separate from the wide range of assumptions that currently underpin the MBA.
Pattern Matching Organisational Cultures
Authors: Burchell Noel , Kolb Darl
Published: August 2016

There are numerous methods of organisational cultural analysis, ranging from quantitative surveys with structured questions that are relatively quick to complete, to in-depth qualitative ethnographic studies that are more thorough, yet very time-consuming. Concept Mapping and Pattern Matching are two research techniques that combine the strengths of interpretive (emic) methods with some of the efficiencies of survey (etic) research. While Trochim's Concept Mapping technique has been previously employed in a study of organisational culture, Pattern Matching has not. The results of a study employing Trochim's Pattern Matching technique suggest that it can be a useful tool for an in-depth analysis of organisational culture. In particular, visual pattern ‘matches’ and ‘mismatches’ of cultural elements were portrayed for interpretation.
Disciplining Customers at the Grand Seaside Hotel
Authors: Bunzel Dirk , Clegg Stewart , Teal Greg
Published: August 2016

The Grand Seaside Hotel is a large five-star hotel in an Australian Coastal town. It is a place that not only aspires to provide excellent service but that also seeks to reconcile two apparently divergent demands: the need for customized service and the efficient management of business operations. To commit staff to the provision of service excellence, management has introduced a customer service programme that relies on various forms of training and rewards, as well as a guest response system. The customer service programme, particularly the use of guest questionnaires, appear as disciplinary strategies that aim to produce service encounters in which both staff and guests are ‘normalized’. The main loci of ethnographic data collection for this paper are regular Management Briefings. Through data collected from these, the paper investigates the use of the ‘imaginary’ in constituting service encounters and guest expectations. It interprets these in terms of Foucault's Panoptic analysis to identify the immanent mechanisms of discipline in these customer service programmes.
Improving Confidence and Accuracy in Performance Appraisals
Authors: Nesbit Paul L. , Wood Robert E.
Published: August 2016

The paper presents findings of a study evaluating the impact of performance appraisal training on rating accuracy and perceived rating ability. 41 supervisors from a telecommunications firm took part in the training evaluated video vignettes and completed a questionnaire measuring self-efficacy beliefs about rating, goal intentions, and feelings about future rating behaviour. Supervisors in a control group (n = 12) also rated the video and completed the questionnaire. Trained supervisors showed increased accuracy on video ratings of work behaviour over the course of the training and an increase in self-efficacy measures. Control group supervisors by comparison decreased their accuracy of rating over the same time period while self-efficacy ratings remained constant. Impact of training on satisfaction and goals of participants is also presented.
Management Education by Distance Mode: Combining Print and Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) Technologies to Provide Flexible Individual Study and Collaborative Learning Opportunities
Authors: Smith Ann
Published: August 2016

Given the need to provide increased opportunities for busy managers to learn, but their reduced availability to attend formal on-campus classes, management students and corporate employers have turned to Distance Education (DE) provision as an alternative to face-to-face (FtF) programmes.

Providing flexible delivery, however, does not guarantee that the learning requirements of management students will be met, and needs to be considered in terms of the limits and enhancements to learning that different flexible methodologies support. DE comes in many forms and pedagogics, uses a variety of media, and tends to be designed with the individual learner in mind, whereas the demand for work-relevant management skills requires Management Education (ME) programmes to include collaborative as well as individual modes of learning.

Managers require integrative knowledge, emotional intelligence, and complex social and perceptual skills and attitudes that increasingly reflect ethical and values-oriented behaviour. At issue in the shift from FtF to DE is the need to provide opportunities for the ongoing social and interpersonal skills development that would normally occur within the classroom. For DE to add value to management learners it needs to offer flexibility that supports quality work-relevant education.

In this paper the author explores whether print-based DE combined with Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) technologies provides a solution. CMC is a networked electronic medium; used in conjunction with print-based DE it can provide opportunities for group interactivity and collaborative learning. Since the skills required for effective CMC participation are also synergistic with the socio-cultural and technical skills required of today's ‘networked manager’, the author suggests that there are further advantages to including CMC as part of the ME curriculum. From a review of the literature, the author concludes that there is much benefit in combining the two methodologies provided that:

• appropriate pedagogy is designed into the combined media

• the flexibility and educational needs of management learners are met

• educators and learners learn how to learn by the new media.
Quality Enhancement in Doctoral Education: Developing a More Public Process
Authors: Neumann Ruth , Guthrie James
Published: August 2016

Governments play an important role in providing an appropriate national framework and structure for the development of doctoral education. Nevertheless, ultimate responsibility for quality supervision processes lies with institutions, in particular with their departmental units and their policies and processes (DETYA, 1999c). This paper presents a case study of recent developments in the quality enhancement of doctoral supervision in the Macquarie Graduate School of Management (MGSM). In doing so it looks at three areas in particular: (1) the key role of infrastructure support, including the introduction of a code of practice in doctoral supervision; (2) the induction and acculturation processes; and (3) supervision quality, including the selection, development and training of supervisors. The aim of the developments is to make a recognized private process more public and transparent. MGSM currently enrolls a significant number of doctoral students and the enhancement of their doctoral experience is a key priority. The paper concludes by highlighting key issues for future development.
Lessons From the Evolution of the Strategy Paradigm
Authors: O'Shannassy Tim
Published: August 2016

A review of the strategy literature suggests there have been five phases in the evolution of the field since the Second World War. The present paper discusses each of these phases, drawing on developments in each decade to determine the key lessons for managers and researchers. In particular, it is suggested that ongoing concerns with the effectiveness of strategy implementation in the 1980s and 1990s have led the field to pay greater attention to managers' thought processes, the use of technology, organisational learning, organisational politics, organisational culture and group dynamics. It also appears that a debate has evolved as to whether strategy should be practiced as art, a science or a combination of both.
In Search of a Unified Definition of Organisational Political Behaviour: Evidence for a Multi-Level Approach
Authors: Härtel Charmine E. J. , Berry Melissa E.
Published: August 2016

Despite thousands of years of interest, there is no standardised definition of organisational politics. This paper attempts to integrate different accounts of organisational politics through the development of a multi-level definition. A two-stage field study showed that political activities observed in the workplace can be fully captured by defining organisational politics relative to organisational efficiency at the level of the organisation, the group and the individual.
Hong Kong Employees' Organisational Commitment before the 1997 Transition: Its Trend, Dimensionality and Relationships with other Human Resource Variables
Authors: Wong Chi-Sum
Published: August 2016

The present study replicates previous surveys in examining Hong Kong employees' organisational commitment, intention to leave, job satisfaction, self-perceived performance, and motivational job characteristics. The results suggest few changes over the four year period examined, despite the 1997 transition to China approaching. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the dimensionality of the organisational commitment scale used and the impacts of aspects of organisational commitment on various human resource outcomes were examined. The results confirmed the three commitment dimensions proposed by the scale's developers and suggested that continuance commitment has the strongest relationship with people's intention to leave, value commitment has the strongest relationship with job satisfaction and also has a positive impact on performance.
Home, Work and Management in the Information Age
Authors: Standen Peter
Published: August 2016

Allowing employees to work at home for at least part of the week is a management concept said to be rapidly gaining popularity. There is evidence that employees working at home are more productive, satisfied and committed, and that homeworking allows organisations to reduce office overheads, recruit from a wider pool, and retain valued workers. This paper examines the spread of homeworking and its telecommunications-based variant teleworking in Australia. A survey of human resource managers in Western Australia shows that, while 28 percent of large organisations have homeworkers, they are generally few in number and permitted only on an informal basis. Factors inhibiting use of homeworking include a lack of awareness and support amongst senior and middle managers, concerns over issues such as security and occupational health, and unsupportive organisational cultures. It is concluded that, contrary to media reporting, home-working and teleworking are not likely to become widespread in Australia in the near future.
Alternative Production Regimes: The Challenge to Karpin
Authors: Harding Sandra
Published: August 2016

This paper is born of a deep concern about the premise upon which Enterprising Nation, Report of the Industry Task Force on Leadership and Management Skills (The Karpin Report), was undertaken. I argue that the review, report and recommendations are based on a set of simplifying assumptions that are essentially limiting. By conforming to a view of business embedded in neoclassical economic theory, the Task Force has not explored the implications of current developments worldwide that demonstrate the remarkable capacity of small-scale production to galvanise regions like the Third Italy and the Basque provinces of Spain. These enormously productive regions base their economic activity upon a capacity to cooperate as well as compete and this is anathema to the unmitigated competition that the Task Force takes as given in its recommendations about the development of management/leadership in Australia. Moreover, a reliance on this particular theoretical perspective has limited the Task Force's understanding of, and response to, organisational inequality. Ultimately, I argue that the five challenges articulated by the Task Force are important, but I interpret them differently in the light of a broader and more socially-embedded understanding of the importance and nature of business. In particular, management/leadership of the future will be an integral part of all worker's roles; it will no longer be confined to an organisational or societal elite. Understanding and preparing for the universalism of management in the future is a key challenge for both industry and management education.
Sweet Taste Perception is Associated with Body Mass Index at the Phenotypic and Genotypic Level
Authors: Hwang Liang-Dar , Cuellar-Partida Gabriel , Ong Jue-Sheng , Breslin Paul A. S. , Reed Danielle R. , MacGregor Stuart , Gharahkhani Puya , Martin Nicholas G. , Rentería Miguel E.
Published: August 2016

Investigations on the relationship between sweet taste perception and body mass index (BMI) have been inconclusive. Here, we report a longitudinal analysis using a genetically informative sample of 1,576 adolescent Australian twins to explore the relationship between BMI and sweet taste. First, we estimated the phenotypic correlations between perception scores for four different sweet compounds (glucose, fructose, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (NHDC), and aspartame) and BMI. Then, we computed the association between adolescent taste perception and BMI in early adulthood (reported 9 years later). Finally, we used twin modeling and polygenic risk prediction analysis to investigate the genetic overlap between BMI and sweet taste perception. Our findings revealed that BMI in early adulthood was significantly associated with each of the sweet perception scores, with the strongest correlation observed in aspartame withr= 0.09 (p= .007). However, only limited evidence of association was observed between sweet taste perception and BMI that was measured at the same time (in adolescence), with the strongest evidence of association observed for glucose with a correlation coefficient ofr= 0.06 (p= .029) and for aspartame withr= 0.06 (p= .035). We found a significant (p< .05) genetic correlation between glucose and NHDC perception and BMI. Our analyses suggest that sweet taste perception in adolescence can be a potential indicator of BMI in early adulthood. This association is further supported by evidence of genetic overlap between the traits, suggesting that some BMI genes may be acting through biological pathways of taste perception.
Effects of Psychotherapy on Brain Activation Patterns in Anxiety	Disorders
Authors: Straube Thomas
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for most mental disorders, including anxiety disorders. Successful psychotherapy implies new learning experiences and therefore neural alterations. With the increasing availability of functional neuroimaging methods, it has become possible to investigate psychotherapeutically induced neuronal plasticity across the whole brain in controlled studies. However, the detectable effects strongly depend on neuroscientific methods, experimental paradigms, analytical strategies, and sample characteristics. This article summarizes the state of the art, discusses current theoretical and methodological issues, and suggests future directions of the research on the neurobiology of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders.
Plasticity and Cortical Reorganization Associated With	Pain
Authors: Weiss Thomas
Published: August 2016

Abstract. This review focuses on plasticity and reorganization associated with pain. It is well established that noxious stimulation activates a large network of neural structures in the human brain, which is often denominated as the neuromatrix of pain. Repeated stimulation is able to induce plasticity in nearly all structures of this neuromatrix. While the plasticity to short-term stimulation is usually transient, long-term stimulation might induce persistent changes within the neuromatrix network and reorganize its functions and structures. Interestingly, a large longitudinal study on patients with subacute back pain found predictors for the persistence of pain versus remission in mesolimbic structures not usually included in the neuromatrix of pain. From these results, new concepts of nociception, pain, and transition from acute to chronic pain emerged. Overall, this review outlines a number of plastic changes in response to pain. However, the role of plasticity for chronic pain has still to be established.
Change in Movement-Related Cortical Potentials Following	Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) After Stroke
Authors: Miltner Wolfgang H. R. , Bauder Heike , Taub Edward
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Patients with chronic stroke were given Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) over an intensive two-week course of treatment. The intervention resulted in a large improvement in use of the more-affected upper extremity in the laboratory and in the real-world environment. High-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) showed that the treatment produced marked changes in cortical activity that correlated with the significant rehabilitative effects. Repetitive unilateral self-paced voluntary movements showed a large increase after treatment in the amplitudes of the late components of the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) both in the hemisphere contralateral to the more-affected arm and in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Simultaneous electromyographic recordings (EMG) and other aspects of the data indicate that the emergence of the movement-related neural source in the healthy hemisphere was not due to mirror movements of the non-test hand and that the increase in BP amplitudes was not the result of an increase in the force or effort of the response pre- to post-treatment. The results are consistent with the rehabilitation treatment having produced a use-dependent cortical reorganization and is a case where the physiological data interdigitates with and provides additional credibility to the clinical data.