bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
War Crimes of Ukraine Against the Civilian Population During the Special Military Operation
Authors: Arkhiptsev Ivan , Sarychev Alexander , Galtsova Julia
Published: February 2025

Introduction: in the paper, the authors consider the war crimes committed by the authorities of Ukraine against the civilian population during the special military operation (hereinafter referred to as SVO). It is established that the direct perpetrators of these crimes are both citizens of Ukraine who are part of the armed forces of Ukraine, illegal armed formations, and mercenary militant groups formed from citizens (subjects) of foreign states (for short, in a generalized sense, and further in the text, the above-mentioned armed formations – militant groups (VFU)). They have been accused of perpetrating crimes related to terrorist acts, the use of prohibited means and methods of warfare, the genocide of citizens of the Russian Federation, the Russian-speaking population of Ukraine, as well as other civilians who do not support the policy of the Ukrainian authorities. These acts are committed in the form of rocket and artillery attacks on the settlements within the territory of the Russian Federation, including with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, which has already led to a large number of victims and injured civilians. The law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation are currently making decisions on bringing the perpetrators to criminal responsibility in absentia for committing criminal acts against the civilian population. The purpose of the study is to analyze the war crimes committed by the VFU on the orders of the Ukrainian authorities, as well as to develop proposals for optimizing the criminal legislation and the practice of its application in this area. To achieve this purpose, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) to analyze the VFU war crimes committed within the territory of the Russian Federation against the civilian population; 2) to formulate proposals for optimizing the criminal legislation and the practice of its application. Research methods: the nature of the issues under consideration has determined the application of a set of complementary research methods: theoretical and empirical. The theoretical methods: the study and analysis of the literature and Internet resources. The empirical methods: based on both the periodicals and electronic publications on the Internet to study the war crimes committed by the VFU against the civilian population during the special military operation. The generalization method: the conclusions are drawn based on the results of the work as a whole. The results of the study: the war crimes of Ukraine against civilians are summarized; the proposals are formulated to improve the criminal legislation and the practice of its application for an effective and timely response to emerging threats in this area.
The Criminal Procedure Mechanism for Ensuring the Effectiveness of the Final Stage of the Investigation
Authors: Romashova Marina
Published: February 2025

Introduction: the criminal procedure for the ending of inquiry is part of the mechanism that guarantees compliance with the rule of law, the exercise of individual rights during the preliminary investigation, and ensures the implementation of an unhindered trial. The insufficient legal regulation of the final stage of the inquiry leads to errors of a law enforcement nature and low quality of the investigation of cases, which indicates the relevance of the issue of ensuring the effectiveness of the procedure for completing the inquiry by drafting an indictment. The purpose of the study is to eliminate the doubts existing among the law enforcement agencies that arise at the final stage of the preliminary investigation in the form of an inquiry and to formulate proposals for improving the regulatory model of the considered stage of criminal proceedings. In the course of the study, such methods of cognition as the formal legal method in the form of a study of the norms of law, specifically the sociological and comparative law ones, were applied. Results: the paper formulates the conclusions and suggestions to improve the efficiency of the completion of the inquiry. Conclusions: the recommendations set out in the paper are aimed at eliminating the legislative defects, ensuring legal certainty in criminal procedure law, developing a uniform practice of conducting an inquiry, and can be used in the teaching of criminal procedure disciplines, as well as in the practical activities of employees of preliminary investigation bodies, prosecutors and courts.
The Importance of Expert Opinion for Forming Moral Certainty of Parties to a Trial
Authors: Shinkaruk Vladimir
Published: February 2025

Introduction: the issues of the use of special knowledge in criminal proceedings, its role and importance in proving criminal cases, despite the obvious demand for the use of such, do not cease to be relevant and widely discussed. This is due to the fact that this topic is multidimensional, which means there will always be a subject of research, unsolved problems and prospects for scientific research. The problems related to the significance of expert opinions in forming moral certainty of parties to a trial still remain in the shadow of significant and important topics. Purpose: to identify the factors influencing the expert opinion on forming moral certainty of parties to a trial. Methods: the dialectical, systemic and logical methods (general scientific) were used in the course of the study. Among the specific scientific research methods, the formal legal and generalization methods prevailed. Results: the formation of moral certainty is a complex process that depends not only on the personality of the expert, the quality of expert work, conclusions, but also on the subjective properties of parties to a trial, their professional training and erudition. That is why an expert should always take into account in their work the addressee of the evidence, i.e. those whom they should help in forming their moral certainty. Conclusions: the certainty in the correctness of the expert’s conclusions should be determined, first of all, by objective factors – the completeness and scientific validity of the conclusion, its clarity and obviousness, the correspondence of conclusions and answers to questions to other evidence, the expert’s deep special knowledge – and then subjective factors related to the personality of the expert.
Constitutional and Legal Aspects of the Legal Regulation Regarding the Realization and Protection of the Social Rights of Orphans and Legally Free Children
Authors: Ushakov Alexey
Published: February 2025

Introduction: the paper analyzes the constitutional and legal features of the statutory regulation at the federal and regional levels in the field of protection of the social rights of citizens in the Russian Federation. As the practice of law enforcement and human rights activities shows, the constitutional social rights of Russian citizens with the status of orphans and legally free children are most often violated. Purpose: to this end, the court rulings in the field of protection of the social rights are studied. Using the methods of scientific cognition, primarily the system analysis of judicial and regulatory legal acts, the features of forming the legal positions of the judicial authorities of the Russian federal and regional levels are revealed. Results: the study has revealed the existence of controversial issues of the statutory regulation. Conclusions: in the course of implementing the statutory regulation in the field of the realization of the social rights of citizens of this category, the federal and regional legislators formulate the legal norms that contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which can be eliminated by recourse to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation or by amending the law.
Legal Problems of Arms in Civil Circulation Among Individuals (Civilians)
Authors: Olimzoda Jomii Jamshed
Published: February 2025

Introduction: arms belong to things whose circulation capacity is of a specific nature, established in the norms of current civil legislation. Its circulation among the civilians is characterized by accessibility to transfer ownership or possession to other entities; the presence of value expression or real value; the establishment of specific grounds and requirements for acquisition and inclusion in civil circulation in a limited form. Despite the consolidation of the concepts of arms, arms in circulation, and the regulation of the legal status of civilian arms in Russian legislation, certain terminological and practical issues in the field of arms in circulation among the civilians remain unresolved. In doctrinal sources, the term also remains too abstract, which makes it advisable to revise it, as well as to determine the characteristic signs of arms in circulation among the civilians. The purpose of the paper is to define the essence of the concept of arms in circulation among individuals, highlighting its characteristic features. To achieve this goal, the general scientific (the method of analysis and synthesis, systemic, dialectical) and the special (formal legal, comparative law) research methods are applied. Research results: the paper reveals the peculiarities of arms in civil circulation among individuals. The intersectoral nature of legal relations associated with the arms in circulation among the civilians is established: in addition to the civil law aspect, the provisions and norms of economic, customs, family, and administrative law are also involved. It is revealed that in Federal Law No. 150-FZ of December 13, 1996 “On Arms”, the general term “arms in circulation” outlines a limited list of actions available for implementation in relation to the analyzed objects of civil rights (things, property, goods). Conclusions: the approach is justified, whereby arms in civil circulation among individuals should be understood as a set of public legal relations arising in the process of transfer of rights and obligations between civilians regarding transactions or other actions in relation to a certain object (arms) that has the ability to be in limited civil circulation and be under the control of state bodies in order to satisfy public and private interests.
Diagnosis and Treatment Challenges of Niemann – Pick Disease, Type B: Clinical Case
Authors: Golygina Diana V. , Begzy Aikhee K.-D. , Deeva Viktoriya A. , Borovik Natalya N. , Shcherbak Vladimir A.
Published: February 2025

Background. Niemann – Pick disease (NPD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by acid sphingomyelinase deficiency and characterized by impaired intracellular lipids’ transport leading to accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in the cells. Olipudase alfa was registered as the drug for enzyme replacement therapy in 2022. There are only two studies and one observation published on the results of its implementation in children. Olipudase alfa efficacy and safety have not been studied in Russian studies.

Clinical case description. Girl, 1 year 5 months old, was diagnosed with insufficient weight gain and dyspeptic syndrome. Subsequently the child was followed up with various gastroenterological diagnoses for 1.5 years. Diagnosis of NPD type B was established at the age of 3 years 4 months, it was confirmed by revealing acid sphingomyelinase activity decrease to 0.11 mmol/l/h and nucleotide variant in the SMPD1 gene. Therapy with olipudase alfa was initiated at the age of 3 years 10 months with increasing dosage (from 0.03 mg/kg to therapeutic — 3 mg/kg of body weight, 11 injections in total), intravenously, drop infusion, once in 2 weeks. Clinical progression of the disease has stopped (with persistent hepatosplenomegaly), positive changes in laboratory parameters of the disease activity were revealed (with persistence of high (66 U/L) aspartate aminotransferase activity), and increasing of body weight (however, physical development remains below average, –1 to –2 SD) was noted within 24 weeks of therapy.

Conclusion. The combination of hepatosplenomegaly, increased transaminase activity and cholesterol levels, gastroenterological symptoms, and insufficient body weight gain should rise doctors’ awareness of orphan disease in a child. Timely diagnosis of NPD is crucial for early enzyme replacement therapy initiation (that is currently available). We have shown that olipudase alfa can help us to maintain child’s vital activity, to achieve positive clinical and laboratory dynamics, and to reach slow recovery of the child’s physical development.
Using Motivation Manipulation to Evaluate Request Accuracy: Comparing Percent and Cumulative Graph
Authors: Britt Jordan , Elliott Tyler-Curtis , Snyder Sara , Ayres Kevin
Published: February 2025

The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) represents one of the most effective procedural outlines for teaching broad based functional communication to individuals with autism and intellectual disability (Frost & Bondy, 2002). The PECS protocol includes explicit instruction on discrimination of symbols, however individuals with vision impairment may need adaptations to learn to discriminate. An alternative method for evaluating (and subsequently teaching) discrimination is by manipulating the motivation (establishing operation; EO) for certain reinforcers. Researchers used this EO manipulation method (Gutierrez et al., 2007) to determine if the request was discriminated or non-discriminated. The procedures included providing the individual with access to two reinforcers and not the third reinforcer. Researchers then evaluated the effects of the error correction procedure used within the PECS protocol on discrimination of requests for a 10-year-old individual with autism, intellectual disability, and visual impairment (VI) on a speech generating device (SGD). To guide decision making during the study researchers graphed as a cumulative graph, showing an increase in discrimination of requests across all three responses for the participant. Results indicated that the error correction procedure was effective at increasing discriminated responses for this participant. Researchers also graphed these data as a percentage, shared with six masked researchers, and asked them to rate the functional relation outcomes for both the cumulative graph and percentage graph. The preliminary results suggest that graphing the discriminated accuracy of requesting data as a cumulative graph was the more conservative estimate of the effectiveness of this intervention.
Analysis of compressive strength of nanostructure pyrolytic carbon enhanced nanocomposite mortar and forecasting using machine learning models
Authors: Kanagasundaram Karthikeyan , Solaiyan Elavenil , Vembu Kanthimathi Shunmuga , Venkatraman Shravan
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT Utilization of Nano-structure pyrolytic carbon (NSPC) particles holds significant potential in developing nanocomposites. Consequently, compressive strength is a crucial characteristic which stipulates the efficiency of NSPC particles in cementitious composites. Nevertheless, predicting the compressive strength of this nanocomposite is a significant challenge due to distorted responses and complex structures. The main novelty of this research is to predict the compressive strength of the developed NSPC nanocomposite. Therefore, the machine learning (ML) model is the first-time proposed for predicting the compressive strength of nanocomposite mortar incorporated with various dosages of NSPC particles. In addition, the bound water of the nanocomposite mortar is determined to understand the efficiency of NSPC particles in the hydration process. This work highlights a comprehensive comparison of six ML algorithms, such as linear regression, random forest regression, extra trees, gradient boost regressor, extreme gradient boost, and LightGBM, for prediction accuracy of compressive strength of NSPC nanocomposites. Furthermore, it is evaluated through multiple statistical error analysis. Seventeen parameters were considered input variables to predict the compressive strength of nanocomposite mortar. According to the coefficient of determination analysis, the gradient boost regressor model attained the highest R2 value of 0.87, while the extreme gradient boost and extra trees achieved R2 values of 0.86 and 0.85, respectively. In addition, a low mean absolute error of 3.229 was earned for the extreme gradient boost. Overall, the gradient boost regressor was reliable and performed better in predicting the compressive strength and mapping the interplay between input variables and compressive strength.
Modelado de Sistemas Físicos aplicando código de entrelazado convolucional
Authors: Sandoval-Ruiz Cecilia
Published: February 2025

La presente investigación es el resultado de extrapolar los conceptos teóricos de un codificador convolucional de bloques Reed Solomon para el estudio de mecanismos de captación de energía, en las áreas de fluidodinámica y óptica. El objetivo es la construcción de un modelo matemático para sistemas ondulatorios complejos, basado en la identificación de correspondencia entre los principios físicos y teoría de la información. El método de reconocimiento de similitud estructural se basó en el estudio de variables fractales y parametrización del sistema. El operador de convolución permite el tratamiento directo de la variable física, a partir de la interpretación de los sistemas como codificadores de bloques discretos de energía y paquetes de ondas, dotando de una técnica innovadora en la generación de postulados científicos. Se obtiene como resultado una ecuación generalizada con un término, para la controlabilidad del patrón de interferencia, con lo que se consigue un modelo completo del sistema. Lo que permite concluir que el método de interpretación de correspondencia sobre codificadores de entrelazamiento aporta un modelo compatible para sistemas físicos clásicos y modernos.
Colaboração interprofissional em tempos de pandemia: possibilidades e desafios no âmbito da gestão do trabalho
Authors: Bulcão Camila Moitinho de Aragão , Santos Liliana , Peduzzi Marina , Prado Crislaine Loqueti Santos Rainho , Amado Claudia Fell
Published: February 2025

Foram analisadas percepções e aprendizados da reconfiguração do trabalho interprofissional na ótica dos profissionais de uma Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, implicados na gestão e no planejamento das ações destinadas aos trabalhadores de saúde na pandemia Covid-19. Realizou-se análise documental do Plano de Contingência para Trabalhadoras e Trabalhadores da Saúde dessa secretaria. A elaboração do plano ocorreu simultaneamente à execução das ações e a análise também contemplou entrevistas com 11 profissionais envolvidos na gestão do plano. Utilizou-se análise de conteúdo temática baseada nas concepções de trabalho em equipe, colaboração interprofissional e gestão do trabalho. Concluiu-se que foram introduzidas inovações com o planejamento integrado e o estímulo ao trabalho em equipe e à colaboração interprofissional, embora esses e a gestão de saúde do trabalhador tenham sido limitados por insuficiência de infraestrutura e pelo modelo de atenção adotado na pandemia, centrado na atenção hospitalar.
História dos psicofármacos: reabertura do debate
Authors: Seabra Danilo Silveira
Published: February 2025

Na década de 1950 ocorre a produção de novos psicofármacos, resultando em sua integração com as práticas de cuidado em Saúde Mental. A clorpromazina, sob o mote de primeiro antipsicótico eficaz, foi um ator-chave desse processo, sendo sua história pesquisada por diversos autores. O artigo busca compreender o “giro químico” que tais moléculas produziram na Saúde Mental, afastando-se de análises que os compreendam como “revolucionários” ou como meras tecnologias de “controle social”. A análise destaca a multiplicidade de efeitos que os psicofármacos podem propiciar, mantendo em aberto os problemas trazidos por essas complexas substâncias.
History of psychotropic drugs: reopening questions
Authors: Seabra Danilo Silveira
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT The new psychotropic drugs produced in the 1950s became integrated into mental health care practices. Chlorpromazine, touted as the first effective antipsychotic, was a key actor in this process, and its history has been researched by various authors. This article aims to understand the “chemical shift” that these molecules produce in mental health, moving away from analyses that view them as "revolutionary" or simple technologies of “social control”. The analysis highlights the multiplicity of effects that psychotropic drugs can have, while keeping open the questions brought by these complex substances.
Food and Nutrition: Interface of Brazilian National Health System (SUS) and Food and Nutritional Security Public Policies for the 2030 Agenda
Authors: Oliveira Felipe Leschaud de , Gonçalves Mônica Rocha , Machado Alisson Diego , Carvalho Aline Martins de
Published: February 2025

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda, published by the United Nations, provide the foundation for worldwide sustainable development. This study aimed to relate the national public health and nutrition programs and policies of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) and Food and Nutritional Security, in force over the last decade, to the proposed targets of SDGs 2 (Zero Hunger and Sustainable Agriculture) and 3 (Health and Well-being). The method employed involved documentary research on the official platforms of relevant authorities. A relational framework of nutrition and feeding policies and the proposed SDG targets was developed, illustrating the country's commitment to fulfilling the 2030 Agenda. However, setbacks in achieving these targets were observed, despite the presence of diverse national public policies, programs, and strategies in the food sector.
The context of normative production in the implementation of indigenous health policy
Authors: Cerri Roberta Aguiar , Garnelo Luiza
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes the implementation of indigenous health policy through an exploratory qualitative study, focusing on ministerial ordinances issued by the Ministry of Health between 2011 and 2022. The analysis followed the non-linear and interconnected policy cycle approach, exploring the interaction between ministerial ordinances, Brazilian National Health System (SUS) management, and political processes in indigenous health. The results indicated a prioritization of internal organization over guiding norms for providing assistance to indigenous peoples, which favored the political practice of resources distribution for coalition parties. It is concluded that the original doctrine of indigenous health policy has been overshadowed by the unrestricted adoption of managerial logic and resource disputes, preventing the Indigenous Health Care Subsystem from acting as a unique type of Primary Health Care in the country.
From apartheid to aparthaids: a reflection on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Sanca Amiry Monteiro , Paiva Tiago Sousa , Rocha Cristianne Maria Famer , Riquinho Deise Lisboa
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to reflect on the persistence and worsening of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guinea-Bissau and the (im)possibility of the country to meet the targets set by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS for 2025. It is a reflective study. Poverty, political-economic instability and cultural diversity are generally highlighted as the main and/or exclusive factor for the persistence of the HIV epidemic in Guinea-Bissau. This simplistic and reductionist view (deliberately) ignores death management politics on a global and national scale. It highlights the urgency of critical stances of the media, advocacy bodies and human rights activists towards a theoretical-practical engagement that seeks not only to dismantle the view that socio-economic and cultural factors are at the heart of the HIV epidemic, but also to highlight the use of this virus as an instrument of necropolitics.
Vivência do cuidador sobre o acesso a um serviço odontológico do Paciente com Necessidades Especiais
Authors: Araújo Sueli Aguiar Pereira , Barros Alina Lúcia Oliveira , Nascimento Marcia Helena Machado , Amaral Regiane Cristina do
Published: February 2025

O acesso aos serviços de saúde constitui um dos principais desafios enfrentados para a universalização e efetivação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) como modelo de política pública de assistência à saúde da população brasileira. Assim o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a vivência do cuidador do paciente com necessidade especial  (PNE) sobre acessibilidade ao atendimento odontológico realizado na Unidade de Diagnóstico Oral e Odontologia para Pacientes Especiais (UDOPE) em Aracaju/SE. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo de análise qualitativa realizado entre maio a junho de 2024 com cuidadores de PNE atendidos na UDOPE. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas, organizadas e analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo com auxílio do Interface R e do Software IRAMUTEQ. Entrevistou-se  41 cuidadores dos PNE, dos mais variados municípios de Sergipe. Os PNE eram em 20 do sexo feminino e 21 do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 23 anos. Sobre o tipo de necessidade, os pacientes eram diagnosticados com mais de uma necessidade, sendo autismo 12, deficiência intelectual 18, microcefalia 9, paralisia cerebral 7, Síndrome de Down 8. Para análise qualitativa foram considerados cuidadores que não residiam em Aracaju, sendo estes em número de 28.  Na análise de Reinert  identificou-se 7 classes temáticas, sendo elas sobre estrutura de acesso oferecida ao PNE para realização do atendimento, dificuldades encontradas, funcionamento do transporte sanitário e especificidades das necessidades especiais que denotam condições especiais de transporte. O teste Qui-quadrado (χ2) apontou maior grau de significância estatística para as palavras na classe 3 com a palavra “apoio”, seguida pela classe 1 com a palavra “marcar”, mostrando associacição entre as palavras. Na análise de similitude e na nuvem de palavras as  mais prevalentes foram transporte e não, mostrando associação entre as palavras.Apesar dos cuidadores alegarem que é oferecido transporte todos os dias para virem ao atendimento, estes alegam problemas como tipo de transporte oferecido, lotação dos mesmos e demora para retornarem ao municipio de origem, além de questões específicas de cada necessidade.
ORGANIZANDO O MUSEU ESCOLAR DA ESCOLA PARQUE (1964): DIÁLOGOS DE YVONNE JEAN COM FLORISVALDO TRIGUEIROS
Authors: Tuchinski dos Anjos Juarez José
Published: February 2025

O objetivo do artigo é investigar o modelo de museu escolar posto em circulação por Yvonne Jean em Brasília em 1964, por meio da leitura que fez da obra Museu e Educação de Florisvaldo dos Santos Trigueiros, com o intuito de aconselhar professoras e alunos da Escola Parque sobre como poderiam organizar seu museu escolar. As conclusões apontam que o modelo de museu escolar posto em circulação por Yvonne Jean, na leitura que fez da obra de Florisvaldo Trigueiros, era aquele considerado moderno para os padrões da época: espaço próprio, dentro da escola, dotado de equipamentos e acervo que favorecessem o processo de ensino das matérias de que se compunha o ensino da instituição educativa que o abrigava. Tudo nesse museu, desde as cores das paredes e móveis até o arranjo do acervo – sem deixar de contemplar inclusive o processo de etiquetamento dos materiais –, deveria contribuir para que ele se tornasse um ingrediente eficaz na tarefa de educar as novas gerações, via instituição escolar. A constituição do acervo de um museu escolar, porém, devia ser criteriosa, evitando as peças curiosas ou sem relação com o fio condutor do ensino ao qual ele deveria ser colocado a serviço. O bom gosto deveria orientar seu ordenamento, especialmente levando-se em conta ser um espaço dedicado a despertar o interesse de crianças, que poderiam, inclusive, manusear as peças expostas, para um aprendizado mais ativo e participativo.
O IMPACTO DOS ASPECTOS COGNITIVOS NA FUNCIONALIDADE DOS IDOSOS DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO INTERIOR PAULISTA
Authors: Pereira Caroline Silva , Bueno Higor Matheus de Oliveira , Silva Felipe Bueno , Amaro Bianca Peixoto , Leveghim Débora , Pergola-Marconato Aline Maino
Published: February 2025

Introdução: O declínio cognitivo, que aumenta com a idade, influencia diretamente na funcionalidade. Objetivo: relacionar o perfil cognitivo e a funcionalidade dos idosos de Araras/SP. Método: analítico e longitudinal. Realizada entrevista individual com utilização do Mini Exame do Estado Mental e Escala de Lawton e Brody aplicada a idosos residentes em um município do interior paulista entre 2021 e 2022. A análise inferencial utilizou o teste Qui Quadrado, com nível de significância estatística de 5%. Obteve aprovação ética sob parecer 4.393.230. Resultados: na amostra de 112 idosos, observou-se predominio do sexo masculino (53,6%),  raça/cor branca (63,6%), cursaram o ensino fundamental (70,5%) e possuem companheiro(a) (63,4%). Dos respondentes, 73,2% apresentam algum tipo de déficit cognitivo, e 47,3% possuem algum grau de dependência. Entre os idosos dependentes, 41,1% apresentaram déficit cognitivo leve (p=0,002). Conclusão: A maioria dos entrevistados apresentaram algum tipo de déficit cognitivo, e grande parte possuem algum grau de dependência quanto às atividades diárias, havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa entre dependência e déficit cognitivo. Recomenda-se que estratégias de intervenções sejam desenvolvidas e implementadas pelos serviços de atenção à saúde e assistência ao idoso por equipes multidisciplinares.
Interseccionalidad crítica en la educación de adultxs: experiencias en diálogo
Authors: Visotsky-Hasrun Jessica
Published: February 2025

El artículo analiza la interseccionalidad crítica como enfoque para comprender las múltiples opresiones que afectan a mujeres racializadas, migrantes y trabajadoras en América Latina. A partir de una metodología de investigación participante, el estudio recupera experiencias en educación de adultxs en contextos de alfabetización junto a migrantes, en la educación secundaria de adultxs, -incluso en fábricas recuperadas-  y en contextos de encierro. Se evidencian desigualdades estructurales que atraviesan la vida de estas mujeres, manifestadas en la exclusión educativa, la precarización laboral y la violencia de género. Los hallazgos destacan que el acceso a la educación es condicionado por estructuras de poder patriarcales y racistas, reproduciendo la marginalización. La discusión enfatiza la necesidad de una interseccionalidad crítica que incorpore perspectivas feministas comunitarias y territoriales del Abya Yala, en contraposición a su apropiación desde usos descriptivos desde instituciones con intereses contrarios a las luchas y demandas que envolvió y envuelve esta categoría. El artículo reivindica los enfoques situados y la producción colectiva de conocimientos como estrategias de resistencia y transformación social.
Fines y medios: repensar las audiencias
Authors: Gonzalez Mina Julian Alberto
Published: February 2025

Este ensayo examina la relación entre los fines y los medios en el periodismo contemporáneo. Sugiere que el objetivo de capturar audiencias para su monetización publicitaria ha moldeado históricamente la estructura y contenido de los medios informativos. Critica este modelo, señalando que reduce a las audiencias a mercancías pasivas, priorizando la supervivencia económica sobre su rol social. Propone, en cambio, un enfoque centrado en la creación de "públicos fuertes", donde las audiencias actúen como agentes activos en la comunicación pública y acción colectiva.
 
A través de un análisis histórico todavía muy preliminar, se contrasta el periodismo canónico —neutral y textocéntrico— con formas alternativas que, en los albores del periodismo, como el periodismo de agitación social, se caracterizan por la fusión entre información y activismo, y ponen al centro la acción social y los ciudadanos como agentes. Se presenta una escala de ocho niveles de interacción audiencia-medio, desde el consumo superficial hasta la creación de medios propios, destacando la importancia de fines extrínsecos (fortalecer la democracia, movilización ciudadana) sobre los intrínsecos (supervivencia del medio).
El artículo concluye que repensar los fines del periodismo, inspirándose en prácticas históricas y horizontes participativos, es clave para transformar las audiencias en sujetos políticos capaces de incidir en el espacio público. Plataformas como Ciudad Vaga podrían promover este enfoque, priorizando la comunicación crítica y la generación de estructuras mediáticas ciudadanas sobre métricas tradicionales de mercado.
Teoria do Conhecimento e Epistemologia das Ciências
Authors: Carvalho da Silva Vinícius
Published: February 2025

Embora a Epistemologia e a Filosofia da Ciência compartilhem muitas interseções, elas não são exatamente a mesma coisa. A Epistemologia se concentra no estudo do conhecimento em geral, enquanto a Filosofia da Ciência aborda questões mais específicas relacionadas à ciência, como seus valores, métodos e a natureza das teorias científicas. No presente trabalho, analisaremos o que é Epistemologia ou Teoria do Conhecimento, e a especificidade da Epistemologia da Ciência.
Emoções, Educação Física e gênero: uma etnografia em uma escola pública de Porto Alegre, RS
Authors: Miglioretto Júlia , Capellini Rigoni Ana Carolina , Giordani Vasques Daniel
Published: February 2025

A partir de um olhar para emoções como um elemento formador do corpo, que desempenha um papel fundamental nas relações sociais; e de gênero como uma construção social que é produto e efeito de relações de poder, o objetivo do trabalho é descrever e analisar as relações entre emoções e gênero nas aulas de Educação Física dos anos finais do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Esta etnografia teve como fonte de produção de dados a observação participante e registros em diário de campo ao longo do ano letivo de 2023. A pesquisa, realizada no “chão da escola”, construiu duas grandes categorias de análise: 1) Estabelecidos, populares e dissonantes: a disposição de grupos nas aulas de Educação Física e; 2) Emoções e gênero na Educação Física. As desigualdades de poder e de gênero entre os grupos produzem efeitos sobre suas emoções, por isso, sugere-se que a/o docente atue na direção de diminuir esse desequilíbrio, seja por meio da escolha de conteúdos ou de estratégias pedagógicas específicas.
Causas Oncológicas y manejo postquirúrgico de "Apendicitis Aguda"
Authors:   Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Cochea Domínguez Andrés de Jesús , Vera Ruela José Manuel ,   Ministerio de Salud: Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón, Guaranda Acuña Darío Daniel ,   Hospital El Triunfo ECU 911
Published: February 2025

La cirugía general para apendicitis aguda es la apendicectomía, que consiste en la extirpación del apéndice, se realiza cuando este está inflamado o infectado; la apendicectomía es una cirugía de urgencia que se realiza con anestesia general y requiere hospitalización.

Esta patología quirúrgica abdominal es la más común en el mundo y representa la principal causa de cirugía abdominal de urgencia; se informa que su mayor frecuencia es en la población de entre 20 y 30 años y no presenta predominio de género. Su presentación clínica es variable en algunas ocasiones, por lo que se deben utilizar estudios imagenológicos para su diagnóstico certero. El tratamiento de la apendicitis aguda es mediante cirugía con abordaje laparoscópico o abierto. El propósito de esta revisión es exponer la información actualizada sobre una patología tan común.
Educational Exposure to Generative Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Timmerman Jean Xia
Published: February 2025

1.1 Generative AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) MeasuresGenerative AI is distinct from prior forms of AI because of its ability to produce new content, and language modeling and image generation capture two key aspects of this. In this note, I use measures of generative AI occupational exposure (AIOE) to image generation and language modeling from Felten et al. (2023). Felten et al. (2021) define language modeling as the "ability to model, predict, or mimic human language" and image generation as the "the creation of complex images." Felten et al. (2021, 2023) constructed the AIOE measures using survey responses of freelance workers from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (mTurk) web service on the relatedness of those applications to 52 occupational abilities from the Department of Labor's Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database. Occupational exposure is then calculated as an average, weighted by the O*NET prevalence and importance scores for each occupation. These AIOE measures are then collapsed from the eight-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes to the six-digit SOC codes.
Physicochemical, Antioxidant and Mineral Composition of Cascara Beverage Prepared by Cold Brewing
Authors: Muriqi Sali , Červenka Libor , Česlová Lenka , Kašpar Michal , Řezková Soňa , Husáková Lenka , Patočka Jan , Česla Petr , Velichová Helena
Published: February 2025

Research background. Cascara, the dried husk of coffee cherries, has gained attention as a potential beverage due to its unique flavor profile and potential health benefits. Traditionally, cascara has been prepared using hot brewing methods. However, recent interest in cold brewing techniques has led to investigations into how temperature affects the functional properties of cascara beverages.
Experimental approach. Colour (CIEL*a*b*), total dissolved solids, and titratable acidity were determined in cascara beverages prepared at 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C. Phenolics and flavonoids content, and antioxidant properties were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. Caffeine, chlorogenic acid and melanoidins were quantified by HPLC. Mineral composition was determined by ICP-MS. The results were compared with hot-brewed cascara beverage.
Results and conclusions. Cold brewing led to significantly higher levels of total phenolic compounds (ranging from 309 to 354 mg GAE/L), total flavonoids (11.8–13.6 mg QE/L), and caffeine (123–136 mg/L) compared to the hot-brewed cascara beverage sample (p<0.05). Temperature had a noticeable impact on most variables, although the effect appeared random. Specifically, caffeine content (p<0.01) and copper levels (p<0.001) were highest in beverages prepared at 20 °C and decreased with decreasing brewing temperature. Multivariate analysis showed that minerals (As, Co, Mn, Sn, Mg, Ca), hue and phenolic content contributed to the first principal component, which primarily distinguished the hot-brewed samples. Antioxidant-related variables, total titratable acidity and Se were the main contributor to the second principal component, facilitating the separation of the samples brewed at 5 °C.
Novelty and scientific contribution. To our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest that the temperature impacts the functional properties of cascara beverage prepared using the cold brewing method. Experimental evidence supports the existence of a direct proportionality between caffeine content, copper levels, and brewing temperature.
Nitrite Effects and Nonthermal Technology for Reducing or Replacing Its Content in Meat Products
Authors: Andrade Bruna Fernandes , Carmo Lorrany Ramos do , Tanaka Marcelo Stefani , Torres Filho Robledo de Almeida , Ramos Alcinéia de Lemos Souza , Ramos Eduardo Mendes
Published: February 2025

Nitrite and nitrate salts are preservatives that act as antimicrobial (bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity) and antioxidant agents during the processing of meat products and confer sensory characteristics to meat (by generating and maintaining colours and flavours). Nitrite is mainly applied as a preservative to prevent the growth Clostridium botulinum and production of its toxins. However, nitrite and nitrate are also associated with the production of N-nitroso compounds, such as carcinogenic N-nitrosamines, which may cause adverse health effects. Therefore, the health risks of these preservatives must be weighed against the need to prevent foodborne pathogens from infecting food, especially spores of C. botulinum. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using nonthermal technologies as a strategy for partially or totally replacing nitrite in meat products, especially regarding antimicrobial efficacy and N-nitrosamine formation. Methods such as high-pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, and cold plasma have been studied for these purposes, but these technologies can alter foods' sensory properties and stability. Nevertheless, irradiation at lower doses has great potential as a tool for reformulating cured meat products, contributing to the reduction of the residual nitrite and preformed N-nitrosamines while ensuring microbiological safety without significant quality changes in the products.
Prospects for the use of meat vegetable origin substitutes
Authors: Sokolov F.S. , Fomenko A.K. , Maev I.V. , Andreev D.N. , Dontsova O.A. , Sergiev P.V. , Lagarkova M.A.
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes modern scientific publications on plant-based meat substitutes. The authors discuss a growing interest in plant-based diets and meat alternatives and the prospects of using soy-based products. Objective. To analyze modern scientific publications on plant-based meat substitutes, including the issues of their contents, production, and safety. Materials and Methods. The literature search and analysis were conducted using the MedLine/PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, RSCI, WHO, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) databases for 2010—2024. Results. The literature review shows that consumers mistrust soy due to several factors, including its anti-nutritional properties, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), sensibilization potential, and phytoestrogenic activity. Conclusion. The existing methods of optimizing manufacturing processes for plant-based meat and other soy-based products produce a «perfect product» which can offset the skepticism and wariness among consumers. Such products could supplement specialized diets for patients advised to reduce their animal protein intake.
Features of differential diagnosis of oncological pathology at the outpatient stage
Authors: Kostrykina M.S. , Konoplyanaya Yu.V. , Lagutina S.N. , Skuratova O.S. , Pashkova A.A.
Published: February 2025

Kidney cancer proportion in the structure of cancer pathologies is growing. Early detection is critical for successful treatment and increased survival of patients. In modern clinical practice, classical clinical picture of kidney cancer is rare, giving way to symptoms found in a number of other diseases. Objective. To substantiate the need for diagnostic search for oncological pathology at out-patient stage. Materials and Methods. The paper describes a clinical case of oncological disease detected at out-patient stage. Results. A patient consulted a gastroenterologist with complaints of pain in the left hypochondrium, along the large intestine, relieved by taking antispasmodic drugs. The pain appeared two years ago and gradually spread and increased, what caused the patient to visit a polyclinic. Before visiting the doctor, she passed ultrasound examination of abdominal organs, kidneys and bladder, which found a formation with clear contours In the projection of the tail of the pancreas; in the kidneys, there were signs of bilateral parenchymal cysts. The gastroenterologist ordered additional examination to verify the diagnosis. An abdominal contrast MRI discovered a solid contrast-accumulating formation in the left kidney and simple renal cysts. The patient was referred to an oncologist. Histological examination and several diagnostic measures taken to exclude metastatic lesion to other organs revealed kidney cancer (T1N0M0). In the described clinical case, the PHC specialist has properly conducted diagnostic search to ensure early detection of kidney cancer and timely refer the patient for receiving specialized medical care. This clinical example emphasizes the importance and the need for differential diagnostics as early as the out-patient stage. Conclusion. Increasing oncological awareness among primary care physicians is a key factor in early cancer detection and increasing the likelihood of full recovery for patients.
Biomechanics for first year occupational therapy students: Enriching learning using an E-learning resource
Authors: Rudman Elsje Magdalena
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Teaching and learning requirements of students are constantly changing due to technological development.  Teaching methods should keep abreast of technology to continue stimulating learning. E-learning in occupational therapy is developing but is still largely an unexplored field in South Africa.
Method: A cross-sectional non-experimental descriptive design with a pre-test-intervention-post-test, repeated measure timeline method was used to determine change in achievement followed by a survey to determine the experience of the use of an e-learning resource.  A convenience sample group of 81 first year occupational therapy students in 2010 and 2011 participated in the study.
Findings: A significant positive change in the performance and compliance of the tool to learning needs of the participants was identified.  Experience was found to be positive.
Conclusion: The e-learning tool had a significant effect on learning although some resistance to e-learning was still identified but the majority experienced it as positive.
Key words: electronic media-based learning (e-learning); achievement; occupational therapy students; experience of e-learning.
DIO-SPOTlight Confocal Imaging Acquistion v.250227 v1
Authors: Oliver Matt
Published: February 2025

Abstract This protocol contains details for confocal image acquisition of immunofluorescent labeled 40-um thick brain slices and follows the immunofluorescent labeling protocol. Partner protocols: DIO-SPOTlight Immunohistochemistry v.250227 & DIO-SPOTlight Image Processing and Analysis v.250227