bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How should childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapses in low‐income and middle‐income countries be managed: The AHOPCA‐ALL study group experience
Authors: Espinoza Darrell , Blanco Lopez Jessica G. , Vasquez Roberto , Fu Ligia , Martínez Roxana , Rodríguez Hilze , Navarrete Marta , Howard Scott C. , Friedrich Paola , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Conter Valentino , Ceppi Francesco
Published: December 2022

Background

Children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in low‐income and middle‐income countries rarely survive. The Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology Association of Central America (AHOPCA) developed the AHOPCA‐ALL REC 2014 protocol to improve outcomes in resource‐constrained settings without access to stem cell transplantation.

Methods

The AHOPCA‐ALL REC 2014 protocol was based on a modified frontline induction phase 1A, a consolidation therapy with six modified R‐blocks derived from the ALL–Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Munster REZ 2002 protocol and intermittent maintenance therapy. Children with B‐lineage ALL were eligible after a late medullary relapse, an early or late combined relapse, or any extramedullary relapses. Those with T‐lineage ALL were eligible after early and late extramedullary relapses, as were those with both B‐lineage and T‐lineage relapses occurring at least 3 months after therapy abandonment.

Results

The study population included 190 patients with T‐lineage (n = 3) and B‐lineage (n = 187) ALL. Of those with B‐lineage ALL, 25 patients had a very early extramedullary relapse, 40 had an early relapse (32 extramedullary and 8 combined), and 125 had a late relapse (34 extramedullary, 19 combined, and 72 medullary). The main cause of treatment failure was second relapse (52.1%). The 3‐year event‐free survival rate (± standard error) was 25.9% ± 3.5%, and the 3‐year overall survival rate was 36.7% ± 3.8%. The 3‐year event‐free survival rate was 47.2% ± 4.7% for late relapses. The most frequently reported toxicity was grade 3 or 4 infection. Mortality during treatment occurred in 17 patients (8.9%), in most cases because of infectious complications.

Conclusions

Selected children with relapsed ALL in Central America can be cured with second‐line regimens even without access to consolidation with stem cell transplantation. Children in low‐income and middle‐income countries who have lower risk relapses of ALL should be treated with curative intent.
Longitudinal MRI brain studies in live adult zebrafish
Authors: Hamilton Noémie , Allen Claire , Reynolds Steven
Published: December 2022

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been successfully used for decades in developmental studies and disease modelling. The remarkable uptake of zebrafish as a model system is partly due to its transparency during the early weeks of its development, allowing in vivo imaging of cellular and molecular processes. However, this key advantage wears off when tissues become opaque as the animal reaches juvenile and adult stages, rendering access to tissues for live imaging and longitudinal studies difficult. Here we provide a novel approach to image and assess tissue integrity of adult zebrafish using MRI on live zebrafish suitable for longitudinal studies. We built a 3D‐printed life support chamber and designed a protocol‐directed sedation regime to recover adult zebrafish after scanning in a 9.4 T MRI scanner. Our life support chamber is cheap and easy to create using 3D printing, allowing other groups to copy our template for quick setup. Additionally, we optimized the delivery of contrast agent to enhance brain signals in order to refine current delivery, usually delivered intravenously in rodents. We show here that immersion in gadolinium was a viable alternative to intraperitoneal injection to reduceT1relaxation times. This resulted in protocol refinement as per the 3Rs guidelines and improved image contrast in adult zebrafish disease models. In conclusion, we provide here a detailed methodology to allow longitudinal studies of brain tissue integrity of adult zebrafish, combining safe and efficient delivery of contrast agent and live MRI. This technique can be used to bridge the gap between in vivo studies and longitudinal brain analysis in adult zebrafish, and can be applied to the ever‐growing number of adult zebrafish models of ageing and neurodegenerative diseases.
Dealing with the NHS staff recruitment and retention crisis: how are we doing?
Authors: Kirby Roger
Published: December 2022

Much more needs to be done to boost morale and reduce burnout for all grades of health and social care staff, to stem the haemorrhage of talent and recruit more desperately needed employees into the NHS. Otherwise the organisation may struggle to survive in its present form.
Restrictions on Data Transfers and Trade Agreements
Authors: Naef Tobias
Published: December 2022

In reaction to the stalemate in the multilateral trading system, international governance of digital trade has gradually shifted toward bilateral and regional trade agreements. This allowed countries to start to regulating cross-border flows of personal data outside the WTO framework. The first section of this chapter traces the development of data flow clauses in the trade agreements of the EU, the US, and other countries. It also looks at the negotiations of the big trade agreements in the late 2010s, such as the TTIP, the TiSA, and the TPP (Sect. 5.1). The second section outlines the scope for data flow clauses in the trade agreements of the EU based on different legal requirements stemming from the architecture of EU law, the GDPR, and other regulations. These requirements include the primacy of fundamental rights over international law with regard to the right to continuous protection of personal data in Article 8 CFR, the accommodation of the legal mechanisms for the transfer of personal data in the GDPR, the inclusion of cooperation mechanisms on the basis of Article 50 GDPR, and the ban of data localization requirements beyond data protection and privacy concerns. These legal requirements are necessary to consider when drafting data flow clauses for EU trade agreements (Sect. 5.2). The third section of this chapter offers and analyzes four potential designs for data flow clauses for EU trade agreements (Sect. 5.3). The fourth section is dedicated to the analysis of the EU model data flow clauses that the European Commission introduced as a template for future trade negotiations in 2018 (Sect. 5.4).
Orte und Räume in Romanen
Authors: Schumacher Mareike K.
Published: December 2022

Dieses Kapitel zeigt Analysen, die mit Hilfe des Raum-Classifiers Einstiegspunkte in digital-literaturwissenschaftliche Erkenntnisprozesse bieten. Die Studien sind in drei Perspektiven unterteilt: eine, die das gesamte Korpus, eine die die vier jahrhundertspezifischen Teilkorpora und eine, die ein Einzeltextphänomen in den Blick nimmt. Bei jedem Ansatz wird die Frage berücksichtigt, inwiefern dieser an nicht-digitale Literaturwissenschaften anschließt oder deren Erkenntnisse weiterdenkt.
Data assimilation as a key step towards the implementation of an efficient management of dissolved oxygen in land-based aquaculture
Authors: Royer Edouard , Pastres Roberto
Published: December 2022

A data assimilation (DA) methodology, e.g. the continuous-discrete Kalman filter (CD-KF), was applied to the assimilation of dissolved oxygen data, in order to obtain a dynamic estimation of the oxygen demand in a land-based aquafarm. The CD-KF was implemented on a dynamic model, which included as state variables the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) and fish respiration rate: the latter was considered as a non-observable stochastic variable. The model was applied to a 1-month long set of observations collected at a raceway rainbow trout farm, including (1) hourly time series of water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration in the raceway influent and effluent and (2) a daily time series of fish number and fish weight distribution. The results show that the assimilation of DO data led to a dynamic estimate of DO demand which showed changes in the daily mean and the daily pattern: these were related to changes in the feeding regime. Furthermore, the methodology provided accurate short-term predictions of the DO concentration also in the presence of short-term fluctuations, which would be very difficult to relate to external forcings in a mechanistic model. These findings indicate that DA could be effectively used to design and implement efficient and robust control systems for optimizing the oxygen supply, thus contributing to the implementation of Precision Fish Farming in land-based aquafarms.
Becoming a Guest: On Proximity and Distance in Mental Health Home Treatment
Authors: Hochwarter Stefan , Schwarz Julian , Muehlensiepen Felix , Monteiro Eric
Published: December 2022

Mental health home treatment is a service where patients with severe mental illnesses are visited by a multiprofessional psychiatric care team at their homes. In Germany, inpatient-equivalent home treatment as a specialized form of home treatment has been offered by hospitals since 2018. In its early stage, the shift of care activities out of the hospital toward the patient’s home opened up a new set of problems and blurred the existing boundaries. This ethnographic study follows two home treatment teams and provides an in-depth description of their work. The findings are presented by three themes from our data analysis: (i) closeness and familiarity; (ii) bridging the distance; and (iii) tensions of proximity and distance. We then discuss the findings with the guiding lens ofBecoming a Guest, which refers to the ambiguity of proximity and distance. The contribution for computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) is twofold; on the one hand, we provide a detailed account of mental health home treatment, and on the other hand, we outline a conceptual model that helps to describe and analyze similar cases. We conclude the paper with directions for further research.
Energy in Newtonian Gravity
Authors: Bengtsson Ingemar , Eklund Tobias
Published: December 2022

In Newtonian gravity it is a moot question whether energy should be localized in the field or inside matter. An argument from relativity suggests a compromise in which the contribution from the field in vacuum is positive definite. We show that the same compromise is implied by Noether’s theorem applied to a variational principle for perfect fluids, if we assume Dirichlet boundary conditions on the potential. We then analyse a thought experiment due to Bondi and McCrea that gives a clean example of inductive energy transfer by gravity. Some history of the problem is included.
The Gap in Mental Health Service Utilization Among United Methodist Clergy with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Biru Blen , Yao Jia , Plunket James , Hybels Celia F. , Kim Eunsoo Timothy , Eagle David E. , Choi Jessica Y. , Proeschold-Bell Rae Jean
Published: December 2022

Clergy are tasked with multiple interpersonal administrative, organizational, and religious responsibilities, such as preaching, teaching, counseling, administering sacraments, developing lay leader skills, and providing leadership and vision for the congregation and community. The high expectations and demands placed on them put them at an increased risk for mental distress such as depression and anxiety. Little is known about whether and how clergy, helpers themselves, receive care when they experience mental distress. All active United Methodist Church (UMC) clergy in North Carolina were recruited to take a survey in 2019 comprising validated depression and anxiety screeners and questions about mental health service utilization. Bivariate and Poisson regression analyses were conducted on the subset of participants with elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms to determine the extent of mental health service use during four different timeframes and the relationship between service use and sociodemographic variables. A total of 1,489 clergy participated. Of the 222 (15%) who had elevated anxiety or depressive symptoms or both, 49.1% had not ever or recently (in the past two years) seen a mental health professional. Participants were more likely to report using services currently or recently (in the past two years) if they were younger, had depression before age 21, or "very often" felt loved and cared for by their congregation. The rate of mental health service use among UMC clergy is comparable to the national average of service use by US adults with mental distress. However, it is concerning that 49% of clergy with elevated symptoms were not engaged in care. This study points to clergy subgroups to target for an increase in mental health service use. Strategies to support clergy and minimize mental health stigma are needed.
The dynamics of adolescents’ pubertal maturation, depressive symptoms and friendship networks: stochastic actor-oriented model
Authors: Yu Yi-Fang , Ting Te-Tien , Liao Jay Chiehen , Tsai Meng-Che , Lin Chung-Ying , Hsieh Yi-Ping , Strong Carol
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to examine whether adolescents select friends based on their friends’ levels of depressive symptoms, and to determine whether the potential homophily phenomenon for depressive symptoms is attenuated after considering pubertal maturation and gender. Data were from the first three waves of the Taiwan Youth Project, a longitudinal study that annually surveys 7th graders from 40 junior high schools. Participants were asked at each wave to fill out a survey including depressive symptoms, pubertal maturation, and to name three best friends in school. Stochastic actor-oriented models were built to explore the dynamic changes in friendship networks by estimating the probability of the friendship connections and behavioral changes depending on the individual’s current network position and behavioral status. We used a sample of 2,336 adolescents. From 8 to 9th grade, adolescents tended to select friends who were similar in terms of their levels of depressive symptoms (B = 0.358, SE = 0.131, p < .001), without adjusting for gender and pubertal maturation. This homophily effect based on depressive symptoms became non-significant when pubertal maturation was included. Adolescents’ depressive symptoms did not further influence their friends’ depression levels, after controlling for pubertal maturation and gender. Future studies should further examine the mechanisms and group dynamics within clusters of adolescents who are depressed. Providing a supportive environment and tools is warranted to help adolescents cope with negative emotions within their peer group.
Low incidence of advanced neurological burden but high incidence of age-related conditions that are dementia risk factors in aging people living with HIV: a data-linkage 10-year follow-up study
Authors: Aung Htein Linn , Bloch Mark , Vincent Trina , Mao Limin , Brew Bruce J. , Cysique Lucette A.
Published: December 2022

Although increasing research is focusing on age-related comorbidities (ARC) among people living with HIV (PLHIV), no studies have concomitantly assessed non-HIV age-related neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s dementia). A total of 254 PLHIV and 69 HIV-negative controls completed baseline medical history and cognitive testing. ARC data were collected from medical records over the subsequent 9-10 years and included all types of strokes, all types of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease (grouped into a non-HIV age-related neurological category), cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, chronic lung disease, non-AIDS cancers, osteoporosis, and diabetes. Kaplan–Meier curves assessed differences in the incident rates (per 1000 person year) of groups of ARC as defined above and combined ARC (i.e., development of any of the ARC) among younger (baseline age < 50) and older (baseline age ≥ 50) PLHIV and younger and older controls. Cox-proportional hazard models assessed the individual and interaction effects of HIV status and chronological age, in addition to a range of demographic and clinical variables including historical and baseline HIV brain involvement on the risk of developing combined ARC. Older PLHIV had a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and combined ARC compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Incident rate of non-HIV age-related neurological disorders was 2.3 [0.93, 4.79] per 1000 person year. While this incident rate was higher in older PLHIV (5.37 [1.97, 11.92]) than older HIV-negative participants (3.58 [0.18-17.67]), this was not significant. In multivariate analyses, HIV status and chronological age, but not their interaction, and smoking were associated with higher risk of combined ARC (p < 0.05). In analyses focusing on PLHIV, older age and taking abacavir/efavirenz/atazanavir/darunavir containing antiretroviral treatments at the time of diagnosis were associated with greater ARC (p < 0.05). Non-HIV age-related neurological disorders are uncommon in older PLHIV, where the majority were < 70 years of age at the end of follow-up. However, the greater burden of ARC among older PLHIV, most of which are established dementia risk factors, warrants the establishment of commensurate prevention strategies and greater attention to neurocognitive screening.
Delineating a volcanic aquifer using groundwater-induced gravity changes in the Tatun Volcano Group, Taiwan
Authors: Lien Tzuyi , Chang Emmy T. , Hwang Cheinway , Cheng Ching-Chung , Chen Rou-Fei , Mu Chung-Hsiang
Published: December 2022

The Tatun Volcanic Group (TVG) is an active volcanic system that poses potential volcanic hazards to northern Taiwan. Groundwater migration can be sensitive to volcanic activities and can induce temporal gravity changes. Here we conducted four gravity measurement campaigns in 2012 with two CG5 relative gravimeters at a total of 31 gravity monitoring sites to probe the spatiotemporal groundwater variability in the TVG area. With careful adjustments to the gravity measurements, the standard point gravity error was approximately 8 μGal on average. The observed gravity changes were compared with the groundwater-induced gravity variations derived from two hydrological models: the continuous flow model that consisted of one permeable layer (Model A) and a dynamic groundwater flow model that used the hydrological solver MODFLOW (Model B). The results show that only gravity observations in the central TVG match the simulated gravity pattern, i.e., the hydrology in the central TVG follows free groundwater flows within the interconnected and porous strata. On the other hand, inconsistencies between simulated and observed gravity changes range from + 40 to – 80 μGal. The discrepancies were located at the eastern and western areas in the TVG and showed opposite variations over time. This pattern of temporal variability cannot be attributed to the use of shallow aquifer models that merely reflect the surface recharges and discharges. We infer that the pattern stems from deep flows, such as hydrothermal fluids alternately replenishing aquifers to the east and west of the TVG, i.e., deep fluid conduits may have developed to the east and west of the TVG and bypassed the central area.
Introducing a web-based portal to explore the concept of coastal resilience
Authors: Townend Ian , Hill Chris , Sadler Jason , Waldock Ian
Published: December 2022

For operational use there is a need to identify a set of measures that quantify the resilience. The ‘CoastRes’ project, a component of the UK Climate Resilience Programme, examined how an operational interpretation of resilience might be applied to the coast, building on existing approaches to shoreline management in the UK. The development of the methodology and resulting Coastal Resilience Model has been reported elsewhere. For this communication, we provide a brief summary of the management framework, the Coastal Resilience Model (CRM) and the preparation of the datasets, so that the limitations of the data available at a national scale are clear. We then illustrate how the Coastal Resilience Model has been implemented as the web-based CRM Portal. The purpose of the portal is to allow users to explore (i) the implications of future change on local and national resilience; and (ii) their own view of the relative importance of the Performance Measures that make up the Coastal Resilience Index. By exploring the influence of these weightings it is hoped that Stakeholders can develop a shared understanding of what is important for coastal communities. The CRM Portal can be accessed at: https://coastalresilience.uk/crm/.
Positive Social Acts
Authors: Danziger Roni
Published: December 2022

Sociability is friendly behavior that is performed by a variety of positive social acts that are aimed to establish, promote, or restore relationships. However, attempts to achieve these interactional goals can fail or backfire; moreover, interactants may abuse these strategies. A pragmatic focus on positive social acts illuminates the ways they succeed in promoting sociability and why they sometimes fail to enhance social relations. This Element analyzes positive social actions receiving positive and negative meta-pragmatic labels, such as firgun and flattery, in the Hebrew speaking community in Israel. Adopting a meta-pragmatic methodology enables a differentiation between positive communication and its evaluation as (in)appropriate in context. The conclusion discusses the fuzzy line between acceptable and unacceptable positive behavior and the benefits and perils of deploying positive social acts in interaction. It also suggests a conceptualization of the darker and brighter sides of sociability as intrinsically connected, rather than polar ends.
Analysis of Resilience, Coping Style, Anxiety, and Depression Among Rescue Nurses on EMTs During the Disaster Preparedness Stage in Sichuan, China: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Huang Wenjiao , Li Linqian , Zhuo Yu , Zhang Jianna
Published: December 2022

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current situation and influencing factors of resilience, coping style, anxiety, and depression among rescue nurses on Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) during the disaster preparedness stage, and to explore the relationship between resilience, coping style, anxiety, and depression.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was used. The convenience sampling method was used to select rescue nurses from 4 national EMTs in Sichuan Province, China. CD-RISC, SCSQ, Zung SAS, and SDS were used as research tools.

Results:

A total of 197 valid questionnaires were returned, with a 98.5% response rate. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that average monthly income, depression level, and coping style were the main factors affecting nurses’ resilience. Resilience was significantly and positively correlated with coping style and negatively correlated with anxiety and depression. There were significant differences in SCSQ, Zung SAS, and SDS scores among Clusters.

Conclusion:

In the disaster preparedness stage, rescue nurses on EMTs have a medium level of resilience and good coping styles, but their levels of anxiety and depression are high. It is suggested that more attention should be devoted to the target population to formulate effective intervention plans, reduce psychological pressures, and improve their capacity for coping with disasters.
The gut microbiota is an emerging target for improving brain health during ageing
Authors: Boehme Marcus , Guzzetta Katherine Elizabeth , Wasén Caroline , Cox Laura Michelle
Published: December 2022

The gut microbiota plays crucial roles in maintaining the health and homeostasis of its host throughout lifespan, including through its ability to impact brain function and regulate behaviour during ageing. Studies have shown that there are disparate rates of biologic ageing despite equivalencies in chronologic age, including in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, which suggests that environmental factors may play an important role in determining health outcomes in ageing. Recent evidence demonstrates that the gut microbiota may be a potential novel target to ameliorate symptoms of brain ageing and promote healthy cognition. This review highlights the current knowledge around the relationships between the gut microbiota and host brain ageing, including potential contributions to age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we assess key areas for which gut microbiota-based strategies may present as opportunities for intervention.
Hedging Commodity Price Risk
Authors: Ghoddusi Hamed , Titman Sheridan , Tompaidis Stathis
Published: December 2022

We present an equilibrium model of hedging for commodity processing firms. We show the optimal hedge ratio depends on the convexity of the firm’s cost function and the elasticity of the supply of the input and the demand for the output. Our calibrated model suggests that hedging tends to be ineffective. When uncertainty comes exclusively from either the supply or from the demand side, updating the hedge dynamically, and using nonlinear contracts improves hedging effectiveness. However, with both supply and demand uncertainty, hedging effectiveness can be low even with option-based and dynamic hedging strategies.
Fluctuating maximal God, the problem of inconsistent evil, and spacetime changes
Authors: Lancaster-Thomas Asha
Published: December 2022

The fluctuating maximal God thesis, developed by Jeffrey et al., offers a conception of God that removes the characteristic of divine immutability, allowing the degrees of God's great-making properties to change over time. This god-concept provides a substantial advantage over the ‘static’ maximal God thesis proposed by Yujin Nagasawa if it can adequately sidestep what I call ‘the problem of inconsistent evil’. This problem questions how a static god can be compatible with the inconsistent dispersion of evil in the world. It is founded on the observation that evil is distributed neither equally nor fairly across time, space, and individuals. I distinguish between temporally inconsistent, spatially inconsistent, and interpersonally inconsistent evil and argue that the fluctuating maximal God thesis can account for all types of inconsistent evil if God fluctuates not only through time but also through space.
Two Views of Vulnerability in the Evolution of Canada’s Medical Assistance in Dying Law
Authors: Lazin Sarah J. , Chandler Jennifer A.
Published: December 2022

Canada is six years into a new era of legalized medical assistance in dying (MAiD). The law continues to evolve, following a pattern in which Canadian courts rule that legal restrictions on eligibility for MAiD are unconstitutional and Parliament responds by gradually expanding eligibility for MAiD. The central tension underlying this dialogue between courts and government has focused on two conceptions of how to best promote and protect the interests of people who are vulnerable by virtue of intolerable and irremediable suffering due to an illness, disease, or disability. Do we, as a society, have a duty to protect vulnerable people from seeking certain medical procedures that are contrary to their interests, as those are perceived by others? Or do we have a duty to uphold their rights to autonomy, including the right to make choices within a range that may be constrained by many factors, some of which may be socially unjust? This is a recurrent problem in bioethics and medical law, which we explore through the lens of how Canadian courts and Parliament have grappled with defining eligibility for MAiD.
Ten new insights in climate science 2022
Authors: Martin Maria A. , Boakye Emmanuel A. , Boyd Emily , Broadgate Wendy , Bustamante Mercedes , Canadell Josep G. , Carr Edward R. , Chu Eric K. , Cleugh Helen , Csevár Szilvia , Daoudy Marwa , de Bremond Ariane , Dhimal Meghnath , Ebi Kristie L. , Edwards Clea , Fuss Sabine , Girardin Martin P. , Glavovic Bruce , Hebden Sophie , Hirota Marina , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Huq Saleemul , Ingold Karin , Johannessen Ola M. , Kameyama Yasuko , Kumarasinghe Nilushi , Langendijk Gaby S. , Lissner Tabea , Lwasa Shuaib , Machalaba Catherine , Maltais Aaron , Mathai Manu V. , Mbow Cheikh , McNamara Karen E. , Mukherji Aditi , Murray Virginia , Mysiak Jaroslav , Okereke Chukwumerije , Ospina Daniel , Otto Friederike , Prakash Anjal , Pulhin Juan M. , Raju Emmanuel , Redman Aaron , Rigaud Kanta K. , Rockström Johan , Roy Joyashree , Schipper E. Lisa F. , Schlosser Peter , Schulz Karsten A. , Schumacher Kim , Schwarz Luana , Scown Murray , Šedová Barbora , Siddiqui Tasneem A. , Singh Chandni , Sioen Giles B. , Stammer Detlef , Steinert Norman J. , Suk Sunhee , Sutton Rowan , Thalheimer Lisa , van Aalst Maarten , van der Geest Kees , Zhao Zhirong Jerry
Published: December 2022

Non-technical summary

We summarize what we assess as the past year's most important findings within climate change research: limits to adaptation, vulnerability hotspots, new threats coming from the climate–health nexus, climate (im)mobility and security, sustainable practices for land use and finance, losses and damages, inclusive societal climate decisions and ways to overcome structural barriers to accelerate mitigation and limit global warming to below 2°C.

Technical summary

We synthesize 10 topics within climate research where there have been significant advances or emerging scientific consensus since January 2021. The selection of these insights was based on input from an international open call with broad disciplinary scope. Findings concern: (1) new aspects of soft and hard limits to adaptation; (2) the emergence of regional vulnerability hotspots from climate impacts and human vulnerability; (3) new threats on the climate–health horizon – some involving plants and animals; (4) climate (im)mobility and the need for anticipatory action; (5) security and climate; (6) sustainable land management as a prerequisite to land-based solutions; (7) sustainable finance practices in the private sector and the need for political guidance; (8) the urgent planetary imperative for addressing losses and damages; (9) inclusive societal choices for climate-resilient development and (10) how to overcome barriers to accelerate mitigation and limit global warming to below 2°C.

Social media summary

Science has evidence on barriers to mitigation and how to overcome them to avoid limits to adaptation across multiple fields.
In Situ Ion Composition Observations of Ganymede's Outflowing Ionosphere
Authors: Valek P. W. , Waite J. H. , Allegrini F. , Ebert R. W. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. J. , Connerney J. E. P. , Kurth W. S. , Szalay J. R. , Wilson R. J.
Published: December 2022

On 7 June 2021 the Juno spacecraft passed through the Ganymede magnetosphere, with a closest approach altitude of 1,046 km. The Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment‐Ion (JADE‐I) sensor observed ionospheric ions, consisting of O2+, O+, H2+, H+, and H3+. These ions were outflowing, with no bi‐directional flow except possibly near the magnetopause. Relative ion densities with respect to time agree the electron density determined by the Waves instrument, but are ∼2.5 times larger. The light ions appear to be in hydrostatic equilibrium because the altitude profile is generally symmetric between inbound and outbound legs of the flyby. H3+ ions are an exception to this, with the ratio of H3+/H2+ being ∼a factor 4 lower on the outbound than the inbound leg. The heavy ions have higher densities outbound than inbound. The outflowing flux of light ions peak near closest approach, but the heavy ions peak outbound of the flyby.
Circulating adipokine levels and COVID-19 severity in hospitalized patients
Authors: Flikweert Antine W. , Kobold Anneke C. Muller , van der Sar-van der Brugge Simone , Heeringa Peter , Rodenhuis-Zybert Izabela A. , Bijzet Johan , Tami Adriana , van der Gun Bernardina T. F. , Wold Karin I. , Huckriede Anke , Franke Hildegard , Emmen Judith M. A. , Emous Marloes , Grootenboers Marco J. J. H. , van Meurs Matijs , van der Voort Peter H. J. , Moser Jill
Published: December 2022

Background

Obesity is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in COVID-19, potentially driven by chronic inflammatory state due to dysregulated secretion of adipokines and cytokines. We investigated the association between plasma adipokines and COVID-19 severity, systemic inflammation, clinical parameters, and outcome of COVID-19 patients.

Methods

In this multi-centre prospective cross-sectional study, we collected blood samples and clinical data from COVID-19 patients. The severity of COVID-19 was classified as mild (no hospital admission), severe (ward admission), and critical (ICU admission). ICU non-COVID-19 patients were also included and plasma from healthy age, sex, and BMI-matched individuals obtained from Lifelines. Multi-analyte profiling of plasma adipokines (Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, Visfatin) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNFα, IL-10) were determined using Luminex multiplex assays.

Results

Between March and December 2020, 260 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals (age: 65 [56–74] BMI 27.0 [24.4–30.6]) were included: 30 mild, 159 severe, and 71 critical patients. Circulating leptin levels were reduced in critically ill patients with a high BMI yet this decrease was absent in patients that were administered dexamethasone. Visfatin levels were higher in critical COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-ICU, mild and severe patients (4.7 vs 3.4, 3.0, and 3.72 ng/mL respectively, p < 0.05). Lower Adiponectin levels, but higher Resistin levels were found in severe and critical patients, compared to those that did not require hospitalization (3.65, 2.7 vs 7.9 µg/mL, p < 0.001, and 18.2, 22.0 vs 11.0 ng/mL p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Circulating adipokine levels are associated with COVID-19 hospitalization, i.e., the need for oxygen support (general ward), or the need for mechanical ventilation and other organ support in the ICU, but not mortality.
Antarctic fungi with antibiotic potential isolated from Fort William Point, Antarctica
Authors: Ordóñez-Enireb Eunice , Cucalón Roberto V. , Cárdenas Diana , Ordóñez Nadia , Coello Santiago , Elizalde Paola , Cárdenas Washington B.
Published: December 2022

The Antarctic continent is one of the most inhospitable places on earth, where living creatures, mostly represented by microorganisms, have specific physiological characteristics that allow them to adapt to the extreme environmental conditions. These physiological adaptations can result in the production of unique secondary metabolites with potential biotechnological applications. The current study presents a genetic and antibacterial characterization of four Antarctic fungi isolated from soil samples collected in Pedro Vicente Maldonado Scientific Station, at Fort William Point, Greenwich Island, Antarctica. Based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the fungi were identified as Antarctomyces sp., Thelebolus sp., Penicillium sp., and Cryptococcus gilvescens. The antibacterial activity was assessed against four clinical bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus, by a modified bacterial growth inhibition assay on agar plates. Results showed that C. gilvescens and Penicillium sp. have potential antibiotic activity against all bacterial strains. Interestingly, Thelebolus sp. showed potential antibiotic activity only against E. coli. In contrast, Antarctomyces sp. did not show antibiotic activity against any of the bacteria tested under our experimental conditions. This study highlights the importance of conservation of Antarctica as a source of metabolites with important biomedical applications.
Engineering Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for chain length tailored free fatty acid and oleochemical production
Authors: Valencia Luis E. , Incha Matthew R. , Schmidt Matthias , Pearson Allison N. , Thompson Mitchell G. , Roberts Jacob B. , Mehling Marina , Yin Kevin , Sun Ning , Oka Asun , Shih Patrick M. , Blank Lars M. , Gladden John , Keasling Jay D.
Published: December 2022

Despite advances in understanding the metabolism of Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a promising bacterial host for producing valuable chemicals from plant-derived feedstocks, a strain capable of producing free fatty acid-derived chemicals has not been developed. Guided by functional genomics, we engineered P. putida to produce medium- and long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) to titers of up to 670 mg/L. Additionally, by taking advantage of the varying substrate preferences of paralogous native fatty acyl-CoA ligases, we employed a strategy to control FFA chain length that resulted in a P. putida strain specialized in producing medium-chain FFAs. Finally, we demonstrate the production of oleochemicals in these strains by synthesizing medium-chain fatty acid methyl esters, compounds useful as biodiesel blending agents, in various media including sorghum hydrolysate at titers greater than 300 mg/L. This work paves the road to produce high-value oleochemicals and biofuels from cheap feedstocks, such as plant biomass, using this host.
Stabilization mechanism of molecular orbital crystals in IrTe2
Authors: Ritschel Tobias , Stahl Quirin , Kusch Maximilian , Trinckauf Jan , Garbarino Gaston , Svitlyk Volodymyr , Mezouar Mohamed , Yang Junjie , Cheong Sang-Wook , Geck Jochen
Published: December 2022

Doped IrTe2 is considered a platform for topological superconductivity and therefore receives currently a lot of interest. In addition, the superconductivity in these materials exists in close vicinity to electronic order and the formation of molecular orbital crystals, which we explore here by means of high-pressure single crystal x-ray diffraction in combination with density functional theory. Our crystallographic refinements provide detailed information about the structural evolution as a function of applied pressure up to 42 GPa. Using this structural information for density functional theory calculations, we show that the local multicenter bonding in IrTe2 is driven by changes in the Ir-Te-Ir bond angle. When the electronic order sets in, this bond angle decreases drastically, leading to a stabilization of a multicenter molecular orbital bond. This unusual local mechanism of bond formation in an itinerant material provides a natural explanation for the different electronic orders in IrTe2. It further illustrates the strong coupling of the electrons with the lattice and is most likely relevant for the superconductivity in this material.
The importance of localized modes spectral contribution to thermal conductivity in amorphous polymers
Authors: Li Buxuan , DeAngelis Freddy , Chen Gang , Henry Asegun
Published: December 2022

Polymers are a unique class of materials from the perspective of normal mode analysis. Polymers consist of individual chains with repeating units and strong intra-chain covalent bonds, and amorphous arrangements among chains with weak inter-chain van der Waals and for some polymers also electrostatic interactions. Intuitively, this strong heterogeneity in bond strength can give rise to special features in the constituent phonons, but such effects have not been studied deeply before. Here, we use lattice dynamics and molecular dynamics to perform modal analysis of the thermal conductivity in amorphous polymers. We find an abnormally large population of localized modes in amorphous polymers, which is fundamentally different from amorphous inorganic materials. Contrary to the common picture of thermal transport, localized modes in amorphous polymers are found to be the dominant contributors to thermal conductivity. We find that a significant portion of the localization happens within individual chains, but heat is dominantly conducted when localized modes involve two chains. These results suggest localized modes generally play a key role in thermal transport for different polymers. The results provide an alternative perspective on why polymer thermal conductivity is generally quite low and gives insight into how to potentially change it.
Synthesis of spirocyclic 1,2-diamines by dearomatising intramolecular diamination of phenols
Authors: Aimon Anthony , Dow Mark J. , Hanby Abigail R. , Okolo Ephraim A. , Pask Christopher M. , Nelson Adam , Marsden Stephen P.
Published: December 2022

Oxidative dearomatisation of phenols bearing pendant ureas gives complex spirotricyclic systems containing an embeddedsyn-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. The products have rich functionality suitable for the synthesis of potentially bioactive compounds.
Synthesis of maleimide-braced peptide macrocycles and their potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms
Authors: Li Jian , Sun Jina , Zhang Xianglei , Zhang Ruxue , Wang Qian , Wang Lin , Zhang Leike , Xie Xiong , Li Chunpu , Zhou Yu , Wang Jiang , Xiao Gengfu , Bai Fang , Liu Hong
Published: December 2022

A novel strategy to construct maleimide-braced macrocycles has been established. The unique macrocycles exhibited excellent anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection activityviatargeting the N protein of SARS-CoV-2.
Connections between the accuracy of rotational constants and equilibrium molecular structures
Authors: Puzzarini Cristina , Stanton John F.
Published: December 2022

Rotational constants and equilibrium structures are strongly connected. To meet the 0.1% accuracy in the computation of the former, an accuracy of 0.0005–0.001 Å is required for bond lengths.
Adsorption of aromatic molecules on a black phosphorene surface: a first-principles study
Authors: Mohammadi Maryam , Tavangar Zahra
Published: December 2022

The adsorption of several aromatic molecules on a black phosphorene surface was studied using density functional theory.
Slow magnetic relaxation of a mononuclear dysprosium complex derived from 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)-1,3-butanedione and 1,10-phenanthroline
Authors: Liu Shan-Shan , Guo Qi-Ming , Liu Bin , Jin Teng-Hui , Zhang Zi-Hao , Lin Shijing , Meng Yin-Shan
Published: December 2022

A mononuclear dysprosium complex with a triangular dodecahedron geometry behaves as a single-molecule magnet with the effective barrier Ueff = 193 K.
Electrochemical synthesis of dendritic Pd-CoO/PW10V2/rGO and its electrocatalytic performance for formic acid oxidation
Authors: Wang Ting , Chen Qiqian , Kong Yun , Xie Ziyao , Zhang Xiaofeng , Huang Qiufeng
Published: December 2022

The preparation of Pd-CoO/TMSP/rGO modified electrodes is reported.
Linking polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitane cagesviaanN,N'-methylene bridge: a promising strategy for designing energetic ensembles of CL-20 derivatives and adjusting their properties
Authors: Parakhin Vladimir V. , Pokhvisneva Galina V. , Ternikova Tatyana V. , Shlykova Nina I. , Samigullina Aida I. , Nikitin Sergei V. , Gordeev Pavel B. , Smirnov Gennady A. , Kon’kova Tatyana S. , Lempert David B. , Pivkina Alla N.
Published: December 2022

New energetic materials based onN,N′-methylene bridged polyfunctionalized cage compounds are reported in which derivatives of bis(polynitrohexaazaisowurtzitanyl)methane have both a higher enthalpy of formation and a lower friction sensitivity than CL-20.
The extraction method for the separation of lithium isotopes using B12C4/B15C5/B18C6-ionic liquid systems
Authors: Zhou Xiaolong , Zhang Pengrui , Meng Qingfen , Mao Lianjing , Ju Huiqun , Shao Fei , Jing Yan , Jia Yongzhong , Wang Shuxuan , Zou Xingwu , Sun Jinhe
Published: December 2022

B12C4 systems achieve better 6Li enrichment in the organic phase and B15C5 systems achieve better 7Li enrichment in the aqueous phase.
Correction: Hybrid cellulose nanocrystal/alginate/gelatin scaffold with improved mechanical properties and guided wound healing
Authors: Shan Yue , Li Chaoyue , Wu Yongzhi , Li Qiwen , Liao Jinfeng
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Hybrid cellulose nanocrystal/alginate/gelatin scaffold with improved mechanical properties and guided wound healing’ by Yue Shan et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 22966–22979, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA04026A.
Catalytic degradation of methylene blue dye and antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) leaves
Authors: Ogundare Segun Ajibola , Adesetan Titilayo Oyeronke , Muungani Gregarious , Moodley Vashen , Amaku James Friday , Atewolara-Odule Odunayo Christy , Yussuf Sodiq Tolulope , Sanyaolu Nurudeen Olanrewaju , Ibikunle Adeola Ahmed , Balogun M.-Sadeeq , Ewald van Zyl Werner
Published: December 2022

We report the use of the aqueous extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum leaves (PPLE) as a source of relatively cheap and readily accessible reducing- and stabilizing agents for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
The increasing role of structural proteomics in cyanobacteria
Authors: Sound Jaspreet K. , Bellamy-Carter Jeddidiah , Leney Aneika C.
Published: December 2022

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue–green algae, are ubiquitous organisms on the planet. They contain tremendous protein machineries that are of interest to the biotechnology industry and beyond. Recently, the number of annotated cyanobacterial genomes has expanded, enabling structural studies on known gene-coded proteins to accelerate. This review focuses on the advances in mass spectrometry (MS) that have enabled structural proteomics studies to be performed on the proteins and protein complexes within cyanobacteria. The review also showcases examples whereby MS has revealed critical mechanistic information behind how these remarkable machines within cyanobacteria function.
Optimal transformer design of DAB converters in solid‐state transformers for maximum power efficiency
Authors: Lee Eun S. , Song Seung H. , Park Jin H. , Kim Myung R.
Published: December 2022

Solid‐state transformers (SST) are a viable solution to replace the conventional low‐frequency transformer in railway vehicles. In the SST, high frequency transformers in dual‐active‐bridge (DAB) converters are essentially used for electrical insulation. Thus, the high‐frequency transformer design becomes so important to increase the high efficiency operation with electrical insulation. Here, an optimal transformer design methodology, which provides a maximum power efficiency operation of the transformer for DAB converters, is proposed. Considering the core loss and copper loss of the transformer, the optimal number of turns for the transformer in a DAB converter N1,op and N2,op can be determined so that the maximum power efficiency for the transformer is achieved at a normal operating point of the DAB converter. To derive the major loss parameters, a finite‐element‐method based simulation was performed for resistive and magnetic loss analysis, which eventually provided the optimal number of turns under the given physical size of ferrite core. The 20 W prototype for a DAB converter with EER2828 and EER3019 of ferrite core shapes were fabricated and verified by simulations and experiments. The results showed that the optimum number of turns N1,op were selected as 12 and 8 turns for two ferrite core models, respectively, which are most highest efficiencies with regard to the different winding turns. To apply the proposed methodology to the SST power level in railway vehicles, 125 kW transformers with inductor set for the SST applications has been fabricated and experimentally verified. As a result, 99.6% of highest efficiency with thermal stable operation was obtained by the proposed transformer design methodology.
Physics for secure and efficient societies
Authors: Beck Christian , Barbato Felicia
Published: December 2022

Physics research contains two very different aspects–there is the fundamental research driven by curiosity, with the ultimate aim of understanding very small interacting systems, very large interacting systems, and the complex behaviour on intermediate scales, but there is also the applied side, where physics is applied to develop new technologies, new analysis methods and new concepts and insights that are useful for society. Read about it in Chapter 6 of the EPS Grand Challenges for Physics.
Dysmelien und orthopädietechnische
Versorgungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Horter Melanie Juliane , Kramer Carsten , Küpers Rafael , Hafkemeyer Ulrich
Published: December 2022

Angeborene Fehlbildungen am menschlichen Bewegungsapparat präsentieren
sich klinisch ausgesprochen vielfältig und sehr unterschiedlich in ihren
motorischen Auswirkungen. Das Wissen um die orthopädietechnischen
Versorgungsmöglichkeiten ist unter den verordnenden Ärzten
jedoch oft nicht ausreichend.