bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting Arthritis and Employment Across the Life Course: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jetha Arif , Gignac Monique A. M. , Bowring Julie , Tucker Sean , Connelly Catherine E. , Proulx Laurie , Martin Ginis Kathleen A.
Published: January 2018

Objective

To examine the need for and availability and use of formal and informal workplace resources and to uncover differences across the life course in adults with arthritis.

Methods

Focus groups and interviews were conducted with young (aged 18–34 years; n = 7), middle‐aged (35–54 years; n = 13), and older adults (≥55 years; n = 25) with a diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis, or other rheumatic disease. Participants were asked about their employment experiences, formal and informal workplace resource needs, and availability and use of workplace resources. Differences based on chronological, functional, psychosocial, organizational, and lifespan dimensions of age were examined. A modified grounded theory approach was used to inductively analyze the data.

Results

Young, middle‐aged, and older adult participants required similar workplace resources. Across all participants, scheduling modifications tended to be the most needed workplace resource. In contrast, the perceived availability and use of formal workplace resources differed among participants. Young adult participants and those who were newer to their jobs reported that workplace resources were less available and utilized. Middle‐aged and older adults reported greater availability of workplace resources. Scheduling accommodations and at‐work modifications were the workplace resources that were used most by middle‐aged and older adults, respectively.

Conclusion

Similar workplace resources could meet the employment needs of individuals with arthritis across the life course. Attention should be paid to young adults and those who are new to their jobs, because they may perceive more barriers to accessing formal workplace resources and be susceptible to work disability.
Infrared Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Carbon Nanotube Emitters
Authors: Graf Arko , Murawski Caroline , Zakharko Yuriy , Zaumseil Jana , Gather Malte C.
Published: January 2018

While organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) covering all colors of the visible spectrum are widespread, suitable organic emitter materials in the near‐infrared (nIR) beyond 800 nm are still lacking. Here, the first OLED based on single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as the emitter is demonstrated. By using a multilayer stacked architecture with matching charge blocking and charge‐transport layers, narrow‐band electroluminescence at wavelengths between 1000 and 1200 nm is achieved, with spectral features characteristic of excitonic and trionic emission of the employed (6,5) SWCNTs. Here, the OLED performance is investigated in detail and it is found that local conduction hot‐spots lead to pronounced trion emission. Analysis of the emissive dipole orientation shows a strong horizontal alignment of the SWCNTs with an average inclination angle of 12.9° with respect to the plane, leading to an exceptionally high outcoupling efficiency of 49%. The SWCNT‐based OLEDs represent a highly attractive platform for emission across the entire nIR.
A Halogenation Strategy for over 12% Efficiency Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yanbo , Zhang Yamin , Qiu Nailiang , Feng Huanran , Gao Huanhuan , Kan Bin , Ma Yanfeng , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng
Published: January 2018

Three acceptor–donor–acceptor type nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), namely, F–F, F–Cl, and F–Br, are designed and synthesized through a halogenation strategy on one successful nonfullerene acceptor FDICTF (F–H). The three molecules show red‐shifted absorptions, increased crystallinities, and higher charge mobilities compared with the F–H. After blending with donor polymer PBDB‐T, the F–F‐, F–Cl‐, and F–Br‐based devices exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 10.85%, 11.47%, and 12.05%, respectively, which are higher than that of F–H with PCE of 9.59%. These results indicate that manipulating the absorption range, crystallinity and mobilities of NFAs by introducing different halogen atoms is an effective way to achieve high photovoltaic performance, which will offer valuable insight for the designing of high‐efficiency organic solar cells.
A Strategy for Synthesis of Carbon Nitride Induced Chemically Doped 2D MXene for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Yoon Yeoheung , Lee Minhe , Kim Seong Ku , Bae Garam , Song Wooseok , Myung Sung , Lim Jongsun , Lee Sun Sook , Zyung Taehyoung , An Ki‐Seok
Published: January 2018

A step‐by‐step strategy is reported for improving capacitance of supercapacitor electrodes by synthesizing nitrogen‐doped 2D Ti2CTx induced by polymeric carbon nitride (p‐C3N4), which simultaneously acts as a nitrogen source and intercalant. The NH2CN (cyanamide) can form p‐C3N4 on the surface of Ti2CTx nanosheets by a condensation reaction at 500–700 °C. The p‐C3N4 and Ti2CTx complexes are then heat‐treated to obtain nitrogen‐doped Ti2CTx nanosheets. The triazine‐based p‐C3N4 decomposes above 700 °C; thus, the nitrogen species can be surely doped into the internal carbon layer and/or defect site of Ti2CTx nanosheets at 900 °C. The extended interlayer distance and c‐lattice parameters (c‐LPs of 28.66 Å) of Ti2CTx prove that the p‐C3N4 grown between layers delaminate the nanosheets of Ti2CTx during the doping process. Moreover, 15.48% nitrogen doping in Ti2CTx improves the electrochemical performance and energy storage ability. Due to the synergetic effect of delaminated structures and heteroatom compositions, N‐doped Ti2CTx shows excellent characteristics as an electrochemical capacitor electrode, such as perfectly rectangular cyclic voltammetry results (CVs, R2 = 0.9999), high capacitance (327 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, increased by ≈140% over pristine‐Ti2CTx), and stable long cyclic performance (96.2% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles) at high current density (5 A g−1).
Sharing the burden: A neutral approach to socioecological theory
Authors: Génin Fabien , Masters Judith C.
Published: January 2018

Objective

The socioecological model (SEM) is a popular collection of controversial models purporting to explain mating systems in terms of ecological and social parameters. Despite its guise of objectivity, several of its hypotheses assume Victorian gender stereotypes of active, competing males heedlessly sowing their seeds, and cautious, passive females, imprisoned by greater costs of reproduction and their consequent resourceߚdependence.

Methods

We enter this debate by taking a previously neglected explanatory approach borrowed from species theory. According to the Recognition Concept of sexual species, the unit of reproductive success/fitness is irreducible to fewer than two integrated subparts (minimally a male and a female). Phyletic changes in mating systems logically effect changes in fertilization systems, leading to reproductive isolation. We take our primary assumption of the average equivalence of female and male contributions to successful reproduction from the writings of the natural philosopher, Antoinette Blackwell.

Results

We revisit the SEM with its contradictions and extrapolations, and develop a genderߚneutral alternative hypothesis termed SpecificߚMate Contact (SMC), centered on two fundamental mating strategies: sexual animals may behave as synchronous mateߚattractors or asynchronous mateߚseekers, generating four possible mating system combinations (monogamy: two attractors; promiscuity: two seekers; polygyny: male attractor and female seeker; polyandry: female attractor and male seeker).

Conclusions

Our approach predicts all known primate mating systems using a neutral (nonߚsexist) principle. The approach is also neutral in the sense that it does not invoke either competition or cooperation: fertilization success is considereda posterioriand males and females are coߚadapted to this end rather than cognitively cooperative.
Conformation‐Enabled Total Syntheses of Ohmyungsamycins A and B and Structural Revision of Ohmyungsamycin B
Authors: Hur Joonseong , Jang Jaebong , Sim Jaehoon , Son Woo Sung , Ahn Hee‐Chul , Kim Tae Sung , Shin Yern‐Hyerk , Lim Changjin , Lee Seungbeom , An Hongchan , Kim Seok‐Ho , Oh Dong‐Chan , Jo Eun‐Kyeong , Jang Jichan , Lee Jeeyeon , Suh Young‐Ger
Published: January 2018

The first total syntheses of the bioactive cyclodepsipeptides ohmyungsamycin A and B are described. Key features of our synthesis include the concise preparation of a linear cyclization precursor that consists of N‐methyl amides and non‐proteinogenic amino acids, and its macrolactamization from a bent conformation. The proposed structure of ohmyungsamycin B was revised based on its synthesis. The cyclic core of the ohmyungsamycins was shown to be responsible for the excellent antituberculosis activity, and ohmyungsamycin variants with truncated chains were evaluated for their biological activity.
Selective Reductive Elimination at Alkyl Palladium(IV) by Dissociative Ligand Ionization: Catalytic C(sp3)−H Amination to Azetidines
Authors: Nappi Manuel , He Chuan , Whitehurst William G. , Chappell Ben G. N. , Gaunt Matthew J.
Published: January 2018

A palladium(II)‐catalyzed γ‐C−H amination of cyclic alkyl amines to deliver highly substituted azetidines is reported. The use of a benziodoxole tosylate oxidant in combination with AgOAc was found to be crucial for controlling a selective reductive elimination pathway to the azetidines. The process is tolerant of a range of functional groups, including structural features derived from chiral α‐amino alcohols, and leads to the diastereoselective formation of enantiopure azetidines.
High‐Purity Inorganic Perovskite Films for Solar Cells with 9.72 % Efficiency
Authors: Duan Jialong , Zhao Yuanyuan , He Benlin , Tang Qunwei
Published: January 2018

All‐inorganic perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and improved stability are promising for commercialization. A multistep solution‐processing method was developed to fabricate high‐purity inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite films for use in efficient solar cells. By tuning the number of deposition cycles (n) of a CsBr solution, the phase conversion from CsPb2Br5 (n ≤3), to CsPbBr3 (n=4), and Cs4PbBr6 (n≥5) was optimized to achieve vertical‐ and monolayer‐aligned grains. Upon interfacial modification with graphene quantum dots, the all‐inorganic perovskite solar cell (without a hole‐transporting layer) achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 9.72 % under standard solar illumination conditions. Under challenging conditions, such as 90 % relative humidity (RH) at 25 °C or 80 °C at zero humidity, the optimized device retained 87 % PCE over 130 days or 95 % over 40 days, compared to the initial efficiency.
Zirconium–Porphyrin‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Hollow Nanotubes for Immobilization of Noble‐Metal Single Atoms
Authors: He Ting , Chen Shuangming , Ni Bing , Gong Yue , Wu Zhao , Song Li , Gu Lin , Hu Wenping , Wang Xun
Published: January 2018

Single atoms immobilized on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with unique nanostructures have drawn tremendous attention in the application of catalysis but remain a great challenge. Various single noble‐metal atoms have now been successfully anchored on the well‐defined anchoring sites of the zirconium porphyrin MOF hollow nanotubes, which are probed by aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron‐radiation‐based X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy. Owing to the hollow structure and excellent photoelectrochemical performance, the HNTM‐Ir/Pt exhibits outstanding catalytic activity in the visible‐light photocatalytic H2 evolution via water splitting. The single atom immobilized on MOFs with hollow structures are expected to pave the way to expand the potential applications of MOFs.
Novel Pyrimidine‐based Ferrocenyl substituted Organometallic Compounds: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Parveen Humaira , Alsharif Meshari A. , Alahmdi Mohammed I. , Mukhtar Sayeed , Azam Amir
Published: January 2018

Some novel pyrimidine‐based ferrocenyl substituted organometallic compounds were synthesized via multistep reactions, well characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses and evaluated for in vitro antiprotozoal susceptibility against HM1: IMSS strain of Entamoeba histolytica. The results of antiprotozoal susceptibility unveiled these compounds, as new leads in protozoal chemotherapy as most of the organometallics displayed an exceptionally higher antiamoebic activity (IC50 = 0.055 μM ‐ 0.815 μM) than the reference drug metronidazole which gave IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) value 1.781 μM in our experiments, concluding that newly synthesized organometallic compounds have potential to be employed as effective antiamoebic agents and these organometallics can be very useful for further optimization work on amoebic chemotherapy.
Molecular modeling, spectral investigation and thermal studies of the new asymmetric Schiff base ligand; (E)‐N'‐(1‐(4‐((E)‐2‐hydroxybenzylideneamino)phenyl)ethylidene)morpholine‐4‐carbothiohydrazide and its metal complexes: Evaluation of their antibacterial and anti‐molluscicidal activity
Authors: El‐Samanody El‐Sayed A. , AbouEl‐Enein Saeyda A. , Emara Esam M.
Published: January 2018

A new tetradentate asymmetric Schiff base ligand; (E)‐N'‐(1‐(4‐((E)‐2‐hydroxybenzylideneamino)phenyl)ethylidene)morpholine‐4‐carbothiohydrazide (H2L) was prepared by consecutive condensation reactions between p‐aminoacetophenone, salicylaldehyde and 4‐morpholinethiosemicarbazide. The structures of the obtained ligand along with its Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), Fe(III) and Ru(III) complexes were authenticated by different analytical and spectral techniques. The ligand behaves as a monobasic tetradentate one and chelates with metal ions through the deprotonated phenolic oxygen, imine nitrogen, thione sulfur and azomethine nitrogen atoms (ONNS chromophore). All nonelectrolyte metal complexes possess octahedral geometry, except Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes (2, 3) which have tetra‐coordinate structures. The thermal stability of metal complexes is higher than that of the free ligand and the general thermal degradation pathways were discussed based on thermogravimetric technique. The activation thermodynamic parameters as well as the order of reaction (n) were estimated from DTG curves by using Piloyan method. Thermogravimetric analyses and mass spectra of metal complexes confirm the number of solvents in their inner and outer spheres. Molecular modeling data were used to demonstrate the thermal decomposition pathways of the ligand and its metal complexes, confirming their chemical structures. The ESR spectra of Cu(II) complexes indicate that the unpaired electron is localized mainly in the d(x2‐y2) orbital with axial symmetry. Powder X‐ray diffraction analyses for Co(II), Cu(II) and Ru(III) complexes (1, 3, 7) show that copper complex has a crystalline nature, whereas, cobalt and ruthenium complexes are amorphous. The ligand and its metal complexes were tested in vitro for their anti‐molluscicidal activity against Eobania vermiculata. The results reveal that the investigated compounds have remarkable anti‐molluscicidal activities against the tested land snail with various sensitivity levels. The synthesized compounds were also screened in vitro for their antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative bacteria; Escherichia coli and the results were compared with the activity of ceftriaxone. The data show that all investigated compounds display a high antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains with different inhibition degrees and the activity is significantly higher against Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli.
Photopolymerizable multifunctional monomers and their evaluation as reactive Bis‐GMA eluents
Authors: González‐López J. Abraham , Cuevas‐Suárez Carlos E. , Pérez‐Mondragón Alma Antonia , Berlanga Duarte M. Lydia , Herrera‐González Ana M.
Published: January 2018

Bis‐GMA {2,2‐bis[4‐(2′‐hydroxy‐3′‐methacryloyloxy‐propoxy)‐phenyl]‐propane}, TEGDMA <2‐{2‐[2‐(2‐methylprop‐2‐enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}ethyl‐2‐methylprop‐2‐enoate>, and methyl methacrylate (MMA) are some of the most commonly used monomers in the field of restorative dentistry. These compounds are characterized by having one or two terminal double bonds. Besides the effort to synthesize new monomers, several problems still affect the clinical behavior of contemporary dental materials. In this work, two monomers with three terminal double bonds, 5A13DA and 5A13DMA, were synthesized. Both monomers were used to completely replace TEGDMA as reactive diluent of photopolymerizable dental resin composites containing Bis‐GMA. The effects of 5A13DA and 5A13DMA on flexural properties, double bond conversion, water sorption, solubility, and polymerization shrinkage were evaluated. In addition, both monomers were evaluated as crosslinking agents for methylmethacrylate, resulting in copolymers with enhanced thermal stability. The results obtained suggest that newly synthesized monomers are potential substitutes for TEGDMA in the formulation of dental composites, providing 50% lower volumetric shrinkage than the composite resin used as control and adequate mechanical properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46240.
North Korea's Human Rights Insecurity: State Image Management in the Post‐UN COI Era
Authors: Son Sarah A.
Published: January 2018

The 2014 report of the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in North Korea marked a watershed moment in international awareness and action on North Korea's human rights problem. It sparked widespread international condemnation, and prompted anxiety and insecurity on the part of North Korea, evident in the North's immediate response. This included a verbal counter‐offensive, some surprising willingness to engage with UN mechanisms, and a range of diplomatic engagement. I argue that contrary to the popular perception of North Korea as impervious to external criticism, when viewed through the conceptual lens of ontological security, the North's response to the UN COI revealed a desire to defend and secure its image in the eyes of the international community. While acknowledging continuing obstacles to a genuine normative transition in its approach to human rights, the article supports a deeper understanding of North Korea's self‐identity to guide measures to bring about change.
Geophysical correlation: global versus local perspectives
Authors: Kvamme Kenneth L.
Published: January 2018

Robust anomalies that point to the same buried features frequently occur in diverse data sets from multi‐method surveys [e.g. ground penetrating radar (GPR), magnetic gradiometry, electrical resistivity]. Relationships between such corresponding anomalies traditionally have been noted subjectively, through visual comparisons of mappings or overlays of geophysical results. These circumstances create a paradox because theory and correlational studies generally suggest largely independent dimensions, while mappings of geophysical results often illustrate parallel anomalies which suggest that robust correlations should exist. Through application of local Pearson's r in small neighbourhoods, with radii ranging from 0.71 to 1.6 m, a means is offered, and demonstrated, to quantify and map local correlations between two geophysical data sets. A case study examines relationships between apparent electrical resistivity, a GPR depth‐slice, and magnetic susceptibility data acquired at Army City, a Great War troop support town in Kansas, now obliterated except for subsurface remains. Intricate spatial patterns of positive and negative correlations between these modalities are illustrated that vary in complexity with neighbourhood size. Neighbourhoods of moderate size seem preferable because the spatial patterning of correlations is enhanced locally and region‐wide. With focus given to positive correlations that point to parallel anomalies, overlays of high correlation frequently correspond with robust anomalies observed in each data set and offer objective criteria for assessments of correlation. However, it is also demonstrated that mutually robust anomalies do not necessarily exhibit high correlation and that high correlations frequently exist in regions devoid of apparent anomalies. The issue of assessing jointly parallel correlations between three or more geophysical data sets is also confronted using a form of local principal components analysis. It is shown that high eigenvalues associated with first principal components that exhibit loadings in the same direction point to zones of mutually high parallel correlation.
Efficacy of Epratuzumab, an Anti‐CD22 Monoclonal IgG Antibody, in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients With Associated Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Gottenberg Jacques‐Eric , Dörner Thomas , Bootsma Hendrika , Devauchelle‐Pensec Valérie , Bowman Simon J. , Mariette Xavier , Bartz Holger , Oortgiesen Marga , Shock Anthony , Koetse Willem , Galateanu Catrinel , Bongardt Sabine , Wegener William A. , Goldenberg David M. , Meno‐Tetang Guy , Kosutic Gordana , Gordon Caroline
Published: January 2018

Objective

EMBODY 1 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01262365) and EMBODY 2 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01261793) investigated the efficacy and safety of epratuzumab, a CD22‐targeted humanized monoclonal IgG antibody, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The studies showed no significant difference from placebo in primary or secondary clinical outcome measures but did demonstrate B cell–specific immunologic activity. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to determine whether epratuzumab had a different clinical efficacy profile in SLE patients with versus those without an associated diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Methods

The efficacy and safety of epratuzumab were compared between 2 patient subpopulations randomized in EMBODY 1 and 2: SLE patients with and those without a diagnosis of associated SS. British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) total score, BILAG‐based Combined Lupus Assessment (BICLA) clinical response to treatment, biologic markers (including B cells, IgG, IgM, and IgA), and safety were assessed.

Results

A total of 1,584 patients were randomized in the EMBODY 1 and EMBODY 2 trials; 113 patients were anti‐SSA positive and had a diagnosis of associated SS, and 1,375 patients (86.8%) had no diagnosis of associated SS (918 patients were randomized to receive epratuzumab and 457 to receive placebo). For patients with associated SS, but not those without associated SS, a higher proportion of patients receiving epratuzumab achieved a BICLA response and a reduction from baseline in BILAG total score. B cell reduction was faster in patients with associated SS. The sensitivity of B cells to epratuzumab as measured by the mean concentration producing 50% of the maximum B cell count depletion was lower for patients with associated SS (9.5 μg/ml) versus the total EMBODY population (87.1 μg/ml). No difference in the frequency of adverse events in those receiving placebo was reported.

Conclusion

Patients with SLE and associated SS treated with epratuzumab showed improvement in SLE disease activity, which was associated with bioactivity, such as decreases in B cell number and IgM level.
Molecular biology at the cutting edge: A review on CRISPR/CAS9 gene editing for undergraduates
Authors: Thurtle‐Schmidt Deborah M. , Lo Te‐Wen
Published: January 2018

Disrupting a gene to determine its effect on an organism's phenotype is an indispensable tool in molecular biology. Such techniques are critical for understanding how a gene product contributes to the development and cellular identity of organisms. The explosion of genomic sequencing technologies combined with recent advances in genome‐editing techniques has elevated the possibilities of genetic manipulations in numerous organisms in which these experiments were previously not readily accessible or possible. Introducing the next generation of molecular biologists to these emerging techniques is key in the modern biology classroom. This comprehensive review introduces undergraduates to CRISPR/Cas9 editing and its uses in genetic studies. The goals of this review are to explain how CRISPR functions as a prokaryotic immune system, describe how researchers generate mutations with CRISPR/Cas9, highlight how Cas9 has been adapted for new functions, and discuss ethical considerations of genome editing. Additionally, anticipatory guides and questions for discussion are posed throughout the review to encourage active exploration of these topics in the classroom. Finally, the supplement includes a study guide and practical suggestions to incorporate CRISPR/Cas9 experiments into lab courses at the undergraduate level. © 2018 The Authors Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(2):195–205, 2018.
THRIVE‐c score predicts clinical outcomes in Chinese patients after thrombolysis
Authors: Pan Yuesong , Peng Yujing , Chen Weiqi , Wang Yongjun , Lin Yi , He Yan , Wang Ning , Wang Yilong
Published: January 2018

Objectives

Total Health Risks in Vascular Events‐calculation score (THRIVE‐c) is an easy use and patient‐specific outcome predictive score by computing the logistic equation with patients’ continuous variables. We validated its performance in Chinese ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) therapy.

Materials and Methods

We used data from the Thrombolysis Implementation and Monitor of Acute Ischemic Stroke in China (TIMS‐China) registry to validate the THRIVE‐c score in patients receiving IVT therapy. We evaluated the score performance using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was used to compare THRIVE‐c score performance with other scores in predicting clinical outcome and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH). Calibration was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Hosmer–Lemeshow test.

Results

Among the 1,128 patients receiving IVT therapy included in this study, AUC of the THRIVE‐c score for 3‐month SICH, poor functional outcome, and mortality rate was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.63–0.76), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.73–0.78) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77–0.85), respectively. The increased THRIVE‐c score was associated with higher risk of developing SICH, poor functional outcome, or mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke at 3 months after thrombolysis. The performance of the THRIVE‐c score was similar to or superior to other predictive scores (THRIVE score, SEDAN score, DRAGON score, HIAT2 score).

Conclusions

The THRIVE‐c score reliably predicts the risks of 3‐month SICH, poor functional outcome, and mortality after IVT therapy in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke.
Indicators for establishing and assessing waste management systems in developing countries: A holistic approach to sustainability and business opportunities
Authors: Ikhlayel Mahdi
Published: January 2018

Waste management is a pressing issue for sustainable development, particularly in developing countries. Its urgent nature is an outcome of the increasing waste produced and the poor waste management in several developing countries. Waste is associated with negative environmental impacts, dangers to public health, social acceptability, and economic aspects. Several factors exacerbate the waste problem: inadequate waste disposal methods, mixing portions of waste electrical and electronic equipment components with municipal waste, and informal recycling. Other factors are a lack of awareness of the toxic nature of hazardous waste and limited legislation to regulate and control the disposal of hazardous waste. Focusing on municipal waste and waste electrical and electronic equipment, this article classifies the levels of waste management and proposes 26 indicators for assessing and enhancing waste management systems. The purpose of this research is to make a contribution to accelerating the transition to sustainable development in developing countries and to highlight business opportunities.
Characterizing the distinct structural changes associated with self‐reported knee injury among individuals with incident knee osteoarthritis: Data from the osteoarthritis initiative
Authors: DAVIS JULIE E. , HARKEY MATTHEW S. , WARD ROBERT J. , MACKAY JAMES W. , LU BING , PRICE LORI LYN , EATON CHARLES B. , BARBE MARY F. , LO GRACE H. , MCALINDON TIMOTHY E. , DRIBAN JEFFREY B.
Published: January 2018

We aimed to characterize the agreement between distinct structural changes on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and self‐reported injury in the 12 months leading to incident common or accelerated knee osteoarthritis (KOA). We conducted a descriptive study using data from baseline and the first 4 annual visits of the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Knees had no radiographic KOA at baseline (Kellgren‐Lawrence [KL]<2). We classified two groups: (1) accelerated KOA: a knee developed advanced‐stage KOA (KL = 3 or 4) within 48 months and (2) common KOA: a knee increased in radiographic severity (excluding those with accelerated KOA). Adults were 1:1 matched based on sex. The index visit was when a person met the accelerated or common KOA criteria. We limited our sample to people with MR images and self‐reported injury data at index visit and year prior. Among 226 people, we found fair agreement between self‐reported injuries and distinct structural changes (kappa = 0.24 to 0.31). Most distinct structural changes were medial meniscal pathology. No distinct structural changes (e.g., root or radial tears) appeared to differ between adults who reported or did not report an injury; except, all subchondral fractures occurred in adults who developed accelerated KOA and reported an injury. While there is fair agreement between self‐reported knee injuries and distinct structural changes, there is some discordance. Self‐reported injury may represent a different construct from distinct structural changes that occur after joint trauma. Clin. Anat. 31:330–334, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Between enthusiasm and refusal: A cluster analysis on consumer types and attitudes towards peer‐to‐peer sharing
Authors: Neunhoeffer Frieder , Teubner Timm
Published: January 2018

The rise of peer‐to‐peer platforms for sharing private resources has introduced new possibilities for access beyond ownership. Although experiencing fast growth, the academic literature has only recently begun to study individual user attitudes towards such new forms of consumption. Building on findings on the underlying consumer motives for peer‐to‐peer sharing, this study differentiates prototypical consumers by means of cluster analysis. Based on data from a large‐scale online survey (n = 745) on consumer motives, we identify 5 main dimensions (concerns, benefits, product‐specific aspects, social aspects, and ownership‐related aspects). On these grounds, we identify 4 consumer types with distinct demographic and attitudinal characteristics: Social Enthusiasts, Conflicted Materialists, Skeptic Ascetics, and Individualistic Refuseniks. Based on these clusters' differences with regard to demographics and sharing behaviors, we derive implications for practitioners to tailor their business models and marketing strategies to the specific motivational patterns of the respective user groups.
Silica‐Supported Silver as a Green and Sustainable Catalyst for the [3+2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction of Azomethine Ylides with 2′‐Hydroxychalcone Derivatives
Authors: Madhavan Suchithra , Okamoto Sentaro
Published: January 2018

A reusable heterogeneous silver nanoparticle catalyst supported on silica was used for the [3+2]‐cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides with 2′‐hydroxychalcone derivatives. The green and sustainable catalytic protocol afforded highly functionalized pyrrolidines, indolizidines, and pyrrolizidines in good yields with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
Size Does Matter—Mediation of Electron Transfer by Gold Clusters in Bioelectrocatalysis
Authors: Kizling Michal , Dzwonek Maciej , Więckowska Agnieszka , Bilewicz Renata
Published: January 2018

Metal nanostructures are often used in bioelectrocatalytic systems to increase the electrode surface area or to improve the conductivity of biofilms. We demonstrate, that decreasing the size of gold nanoparticles below 2 nm may result in a change of the mechanism of electron transfer (ET) between the enzyme active site and the electrode from direct to mediated ET. Clusters with diameters smaller than 2 nm exhibited molecule‐like behavior reflected in the appearance of oxidation and reduction peaks separated by a clearly developed HOMO—LUMO gap. The redox activity of the nanoparticles was found to contribute to the ET mechanism of fructose dehydrogenase switching it to gold cluster mediated electron transfer instead of direct ET. In the presence of gold clusters at the electrode, the overpotential of the catalyzed fructose oxidation reaction was 100 mV lower and the catalytic reaction rate constant was 2.5 times larger confirming the unique mediating role of the Au clusters.
Is it possible to improve the quality of predictions from an “intelligent” use of multiple QSAR/QSPR/QSTR models?
Authors: Roy Kunal , Ambure Pravin , Kar Supratik , Ojha Probir Kumar
Published: January 2018

Quantitative structure‐activity/property/toxicity relationship (QSAR/QSPR/QSTR) models are effectively employed to fill data gaps by predicting a given response from known structural features or physicochemical properties of new query compounds. The performance of a model should be assessed based on the quality of predictions checked through diverse validation metrics, which confirm the reliability of the developed QSAR models along with the acceptability of their prediction quality for untested compounds. There is an ongoing effort by QSAR modelers to improve the quality of predictions by lowering the predicted residuals for query compounds. In this endeavor, consensus models integrating all validated individual models were found to be more externally predictive than individual models in many previous studies. The objective of this work has been to explore whether the quality of predictions of external compounds can be enhanced through an “intelligent” selection of multiple models. The consensus predictions used in this study are not simple average of predictions from multiple models. It has been considered in the present study that a particular QSAR model may not be equally effective for prediction of all query compounds in the list. Our approach is different from the previous ones in that none of the previously reported methods considered selection of predictive models in a query compound specific way while at the same time using all or most of the valid models for the total set of query chemicals. We have implemented our approach in a software tool that is freely available via the web http://teqip.jdvu.ac.in/QSAR_Tools/ and http://dtclab.webs.com/software‐tools.
Simultaneous Binding of Hybrid Molecules Constructed with Dual DNA‐Binding Components to a G‐Quadruplex and Its Proximal Duplex
Authors: Asamitsu Sefan , Obata Shunsuke , Phan Anh Tuân , Hashiya Kaori , Bando Toshikazu , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: January 2018

A G‐quadruplex (quadruplex) is a nucleic acid secondary structure adopted by guanine‐rich sequences and is considered to be relevant to various pharmacological and biological contexts. Although a number of researchers have endeavored to discover and develop quadruplex‐interactive molecules, poor ligand designability originating from topological similarity of the skeleton of diverse quadruplexes has remained a bottleneck for gaining specificity for individual quadruplexes. This work reports on hybrid molecules that were constructed with dual DNA‐binding components, a cyclic imidazole/lysine polyamide (cIKP), and a hairpin pyrrole/imidazole polyamide (hPIP), with the aim toward specific quadruplex targeting by reading out the local duplex DNA sequence adjacent to designated quadruplexes in the genome. By means of circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and NMR techniques, we showed the dual and simultaneous recognition of the respective segment via hybrid molecules, and the synergistic and mutual effect of each binding component that was appropriately linked on higher binding affinity and modest sequence specificity. Monitoring quadruplex and duplex imino protons of the quadruplex/duplex motif titrated with hybrid molecules clearly revealed distinct features of the binding of hybrid molecules to the respective segments upon their simultaneous recognition. A series of the systematic and detailed binding assays described here showed that the concept of simultaneous recognition of quadruplex and its proximal duplex by hybrid molecules constructed with the dual DNA‐binding components may provide a new strategy for ligand design, enabling targeting of a large variety of designated quadruplexes at specific genome locations.
Direct Reductive N‐Functionalization of Aliphatic Nitro Compounds
Authors: Rauser Marian , Ascheberg Christoph , Niggemann Meike
Published: January 2018

The first general protocol for the direct reductive N‐functionalization of aliphatic nitro compounds is presented. The nitro group is partially reduced to a nitrenoid, with a mild and readily available combination of B2pin2 and zinc organyls. Thereby, the formation of an unstable nitroso intermediate is avoided, which has so far severely limited reductive transformations of aliphatic nitro compounds. The reaction is concluded by an electrophilic amination of zinc organyls.
A Cross‐Dehydrogenative Annulation Strategy towards Synthesis of Polyfluorinated Phenanthridinones with Copper
Authors: Mandal Anup , Selvakumar Jayaraman , Dana Suman , Mukherjee Upasana , Baidya Mahiuddin
Published: January 2018

The first cross‐dehydrogenative annulation of (hetero)aromatic amides with polyfluoro(hetero)arenes is presented. This operationally simple oxidative annulation process is mediated by inexpensive copper salt, accommodates a wide range of substrates with exquisite chemo‐ and regioselectivity profile, and produces demanding polyfluorinated phenanthridinones in high yields (up to 92 %). Using alkenyl amides under identical conditions, the synthesis of polyfluorinated 2‐quinolones has also been accomplished. Given the importance of fluorinated heterocycles in the pharmaceutical industry and drug discovery, this work is highly significant.
Efficacy and safety analysis by age cohort of inotuzumab ozogamicin in patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia enrolled in INO‐VATE
Authors: Jabbour Elias J. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Stelljes Matthias , Stock Wendy , Liedtke Michaela , Gökbuget Nicola , O'Brien Susan , Wang Tao , Paccagnella M. Luisa , Sleight Barbara , Vandendries Erik , Advani Anjali S. , Kantarjian Hagop M.
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) has demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in patients aged 18 to 78 years with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the INO‐VATE trial. This subset analysis compared the efficacy and safety of InO in younger and older patients.

METHODS

Intent‐to‐treat analyses of morphologic responses and overall survival (OS) included 326 randomized patients, and safety assessments included 307 patients receiving 1 or more doses of the study treatment. Of the 326 patients, 164 received InO at a starting dose of 1.8 mg/m2/cycle (0.8 mg/m2 on day 1 and 0.5 mg/m2 on days 8 and 15 of a 21‐ to 28‐day cycle [≤6 cycles]); 60 patients were aged ≥55 years, and 104 were aged <55 years.

RESULTS

For older and younger patients, the median duration of InO therapy and the types and frequencies of adverse events of any grade were generally similar. Although the remission rates, median duration of remission (DOR), and progression‐free survival were similar with InO for those aged <55 years and those aged ≥55 years, OS was longer for younger patients (median, 8.6 vs 5.6 months; hazard ratio, 0.610). Among patients proceeding to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after InO treatment (28% of older patients and 58% of younger patients), the incidence of veno‐occlusive disease was greater in older patients (41% vs 17%). The study database was not locked at the time of this analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

InO was tolerable in older patients with relapsed/refractory ALL. Although OS was longer for younger patients versus older patients, InO demonstrated high response rates with similar DOR in the 2 age groups. Cancer 2018;124:1722‐32. © 2018 American Cancer Society
Racial disparities in the rate of cardiotoxicity of HER2‐targeted therapies among women with early breast cancer
Authors: Litvak Anya , Batukbhai Bhavina , Russell Stuart D. , Tsai Hua‐Ling , Rosner Gary L. , Jeter Stacie C. , Armstrong Deborah , Emens Leisha A. , Fetting John , Wolff Antonio C. , Silhy Raquel , Stearns Vered , Connolly Roisin M.
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐targeted therapies are highly effective at preventing breast cancer recurrence but are associated with cardiotoxicity in some patients, and minimal data are available regarding racial disparities in the incidence of this toxicity. The authors conducted a retrospective study to analyze the association of black or white race with treatment‐induced cardiotoxicity and incomplete therapy among patients with HER2‐positive early breast cancer.

METHODS

Women with HER2‐positive, stage I through III breast cancer who initiated (neo)adjuvant HER2‐targeted therapy (trastuzumab with or without pertuzumab) from January 2005 to March 2015 at the authors' institution were eligible. We analyzed differences in the incidence of cardiotoxicity (a decline in the left ventricular ejection fraction to <50% AND an absolute drop in the left ventricular ejection fraction of ≥10% from baseline) and incomplete therapy (<52 weeks of HER2‐targeted therapy) between black and white women in univariate and multivariable analyses.

RESULTS

The authors identified 59 black patients and 157 white patients who had a median follow‐up 5.2 years. The median patient age was 53 years and was similar for black and white patients. The 1‐year cardiotoxicity incidence was 12% overall (95% confidence interval [CI], 7%‐16%), 24% in black women (95% CI, 12%‐34%), and 7% in white women (95% CI, 3%‐11%). Black patients had a significantly greater probability of incomplete therapy compared with white patients (odds ratio, 4.61; 95% CI, 1.70‐13.07; P = .002). High correlation was observed between a cardiotoxicity event and incomplete therapy (96% concordance).

CONCLUSIONS

Black patients have a higher rate of cardiotoxicity and resultant incomplete adjuvant HER2‐targeted therapy than white patients. This patient population may benefit from enhanced cardiac surveillance, cardioprotective strategies, and early referral to cardiology when appropriate. Cancer 2018;124:1904‐11. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Auditory DUM neurons in a bush‐cricket: A filter bank for carrier frequency
Authors: Lefebvre Paule Chloé , Seifert Marvin , Stumpner Andreas
Published: January 2018

In bush‐crickets the first stage of central auditory processing occurs in the prothoracic ganglion. About 15 to 50 different auditory dorsal unpaired median neurons (DUM neurons) exist but they have not been studied in any detail. These DUM neurons may be classified into seven different morphological types, although, there is only limited correlation between morphology and physiological responses. Ninety seven percent of the stained neurons were local, 3% were intersegmental. About 90% project nearly exclusively into the auditory neuropile, and 45% into restricted areas therein. Lateral extensions overlap with the axons of primary auditory sensory neurons close to their branching point. DUM neurons are typically tuned to frequencies covering the range between 2 and 50 kHz and thereby may establish a filter bank for carrier frequency. Less than 10% of DUM neurons have their branches in adjacent and more posterior regions of the auditory neuropile and are mostly tuned to low frequencies, less sensitive than the other types and respond to vibration. Thirty five percent of DUM show indications of inhibition, either through reduced responses at higher intensities, or by hyperpolarizing responses to sound. Most DUM neurons produce phasic spike responses preferably at higher intensities. Spikes may be elicited by intracellular current injection. Preliminary data suggest that auditory DUM neurons have GABA as transmitter and therefore may inhibit other auditory interneurons. From all known local auditory neurons, only DUM neurons have frequency specific responses which appear suited for local processing relevant for acoustic communication in bush crickets.
Context‐aware search optimization framework on the internet of things
Authors: Bharti Monika , Kumar Rajesh , Saxena Sharad
Published: January 2018

The resource discovery on IoT paradigm requires to be efficient with respect to modeling, storage, processing, and validation of the gathered data. These requirements face challenges like interoperability, heterogeneity, etc, with respect to exponentially growing interconnected resources across distinct application domains and drastically changing search metrics. It leads resource discovery to emerge as a non‐linear constrained‐specific problem that need to be linearized for its optimization with reduced complexity. Keeping the perspective, a context‐aware search optimization framework on the internet of things is introduced, which targets knowledge presentation through schema, discovery via a multi‐modal search algorithm, and its optimization through an Iterative Gradient Descent algorithm. The multi‐modal search algorithm through keywords, value or spatial‐temporal indices performs resource discovery by finding the suited matches as a search set from a search‐space. The search set is further evaluated via the iterative gradient descent algorithm for optimization through the usage of iterative and convergence properties of the gradient descent. The search efficiency is tested using various objective functions and resources on MATLAB and is compared with Newton and Quasi‐Newton methods. The obtained results depict the efficiency of the algorithm graphically with reference to the searching time, such as validate the system performance.
Cluster‐based data dissemination, cluster head formation under sparse, and dense traffic conditions for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Qureshi Kashif Naseer , Abdullah Abdul Hanan , Bashir Faisal , Iqbal Saleem , Awan Khalid Mahmood
Published: January 2018

Information and communication technologies have changed the way of operations in all fields. These technologies also have adopted for wireless communication and provide low cost and convenient solutions. Vehicular ad hoc networks are envisioned with their special and unique intercommunication systems to provide safety in intelligent transportation systems and support large‐size networks. Due to dense and sparse traffic conditions, routing is always a challenging task to establish reliable and effective communication among vehicle nodes in the highly transportable environment. Several types of routing protocols have been proposed to handle high mobility and dynamic topologies including topology‐based routing, position and geocast routing, and cluster‐based routing protocols. Cluster‐based routing is one of the feasible solutions for vehicular networks due to its manageable and more viable nature. In cluster‐based protocols, the network is divided into many clusters and each cluster selects a cluster head for data dissemination. In this study, we investigate the current routing challenges and trend of cluster‐based routing protocols. In addition, we also proposed a Cluster‐based Routing for Sparse and Dense Networks to handle dynamic topologies, the high‐mobility of vehicle nodes. Simulation results show a significant performance improvement of the proposed protocol.