bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: CAUTION TO RESEARCHERS (OF THE HAZARDOUS THERMAL INSTABILITY OF 2‐CHLORO‐P‐PHENYLENEDIAMINE)
Authors: FRANKENBURG P. E.
Published: April 2016

Eine heftige Explosion bei der Destillation von 2‐Chlor‐p‐phenylendiamin (I) bei 165°C (Innentemperatur) und 25 Torr wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: AN “ENDO SUBSTITUTION” AT THE AMINONORCARANE SYSTEM
Authors: VILSMAIER E. , KRISTEN G.
Published: April 2016

Beim Erhitzen des Bicyclo‐ heptans (I) mit den Aminen (II) in Acetonitril in Gegenwart der Base (III) entstehen unter Substitution der Dimethylamino‐Gruppe die Derivate (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: THE ENERGY WELL OF DIRADICALS. II. 2,3‐DIMETHYLENE‐1,4‐CYCLOHEXADIYL
Authors: ROTH W. R. , SCHOLZ B. P.
Published: April 2016

In einer Reaktion 1. Ordnung geht das Dimethylenbicyclohexan (I) bei Temp. zwischen 45‐95°C in den Gasphase mit Geschwindigkeitskonstanten von (1.63‐387)·105 /s in das Diradikal (II) über, das sich zu den Produkten (III) und (IV) intramolekular stabilisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: RHODIUM‐CATALYZED CARBONYLATION OF UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS. 1. RHODIUM CARBONYL‐CATALYZED CARBONYLATION OF ACETYLENES IN THE PRESENCE OF ETHYLENE. SYNTHESIS OF 5‐ETHYL‐2(5 H)‐FURANONES
Authors: HONG P. , MISE T. , YAMAZAKI H.
Published: April 2016

Die Carbonylierung der Acetylene (I) in Triethylamin und mit Rhodiumcarbonylen als Katalysatoren ergibt Ethylidenfuranone ‐ (II), wobei der Ethylidenrest aus dem Triethylamin stammt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ACETIC ACID FROM METHANOL AND CARBON MONOXIDE ON NICKEL‐BASED CATALYSTS SUPPORTED ON ACTIVE CARBON
Authors: INUI T. , MATSUDA H. , TAKEGAMI Y.
Published: April 2016

Die Gasphasen‐Carbonylierung von Methanol zu Essigsäure wird bei Atmosphärendruck im Temperaturbereich von 260 bis 360°C an einem Nickelkatalysator auf einem Kohleträger untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION BY (ETHOXYCARBONYL)NITRENIUM ION. REACTIONS OF ETHYL AZIDOFORMATE WITH AROMATICS IN THE PRESENCE OF TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID
Authors: TAKEUCHI H. , KOYAMA K.
Published: April 2016

Die Thermolyse von Azidoameisensäureethylester (I) zusammen mit Benzol, Toluol oder Nitrobenzol ergibt in Gegenwart von Trifluoressigsäure die Carbamate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NEW ACIDIC EDTA‐TYPE COMPLEX LIGANDS
Authors: LEPPKES R. , VOEGTLE F. + , LUPPERTZ F.
Published: April 2016

Der Begriff "Stereologie" wird im Sinne einer weitgehend räumlich analogen Anordnung zweier oder mehrerer Molekülteile relativ zueinander, bezogen auf eine Muttersubstanz, de‐ ?niert und mit Beispielen erläutert.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF N‐1 SUBSTITUTED ALLOXAZINE DERIVATIVE FROM 7,8‐DIMETHYL‐10‐FORMYLMETHYLISOALLOXAZINE IN ACETIC ACID
Authors: SZCZESNA V. , KOZIOL J.
Published: April 2016

In Eisessig kann aus dem Isoalloxazin (I) die Verbindung (II) erhalten werden, die vermutlich beim Abbau von (I) zu Lumichrom als Zwischenstufe auftritt.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMAL REACTION OF N‐(1‐AZIDO‐2‐OXOALKYLIDENE)‐N′‐(O‐ALKENYLOXYPHENYL)HYDRAZINES; INTRAMOLECULAR 1,4‐CYCLOADDITION OF 1,2,4‐TRIAZA‐1,3‐DIENE INTERMEDIATES
Authors: BRUCHE L. , GARANTI L. , ZECCHI G.
Published: April 2016

Die unter Phasentransfer‐Bedingungen aus den Chlorhydrazonen (I) erhältlichen Azide (II) cyclisieren sich in siedendem Benzol zu den Tetrahydrotriazinobenzoxazinen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3,5‐TETRAZINONES AND ZWITTERIONIC 1,2,4‐TRIAZOLIN‐3‐ONES
Authors: BAYDAR A. E. , BOYD G. V. , LINDLEY P. F. , WALTON A.
Published: April 2016

1,1‐Dimethylguanidin (I) bildet mit den Diazoniumsalzen (II) die Arylazo‐dimethylguanidine (III), die mit Phosgen vorwiegend zu den Tetrazinonen (IV) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: LOW‐COORDINATION PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS. PART 7. PH(ME3SI)C:PCL AS ADDUCTS FOR METHYLENEPHOSPHINE WITH ALKYL‐, AMINO‐, PHOSPHINO‐, ALKOXY‐ OR ALKYLTHIO GROUPS ON PHOSPHORUS
Authors: APPEL R. , KUENDGEN U. +
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung der Titelverbindung (II) mit tert.‐Butyl‐Li, sek. Aminen, Alkoholen, Butylmercaptan oder sek. Phosphinen in Gegenwart von Triethylamin ergibt die entsprechenden neuen Phosphine (I) bzw. (III).
ChemInform Abstract: TRIFLUOROACETATES OF VANADIUM(III) AND OXOVANADIUM(IV) AND (V). PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: PURI M. , SHARMA R. D. , VERMA R. D.
Published: April 2016

Durch Umsetzung von VCl3 (I) oder V(OAc)3 (IV) mit Trifluoressigsäure (II) erhält "man die Vanadiumtrifluoracetate (III); aus VOClz (V) oder VO(OAc)2 (VII) und (II) entsteht das Oxovanadiumtrifluoracetat (VI), und aus VOCl3 (VIII) wird mit (II) das Dioxovanadiumtrifluoracetat (IX) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, STEREOCHEMISTRY, AND BONDING OF COBALT‐COBALT MULTIPLE‐BONDED (PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)‐ AND CYCLOPENTADIENYLCOBALT CARBONYL DIMERS, (CO2(η5‐C5R5)2(μ‐CO)2)N (R = ME, N = 0,1‐; R = H, N = 1‐): A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ANTIBONDING DIMETAL NATURE OF THE UNPAIRED ELECTRON IN THE MONOANIONS AND ITS STRUCTURAL EFFECTS UPON OXIDATION
Authors: CIRJAK L.M. , GINSBURG R. E. , DAHL L. F.
Published: April 2016

Molekül‐ und Kristallstrukturen des Tetraphenylarsonium‐Salzes des Dimeren (IIc) sowie des Na‐kryptat‐Salzes des Analogen (IVb) und des neutralen Dimeren (V) werden röntgenanalytisch ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: RESOLUTIONS WITH METAL COMPLEXES. PREPARATION AND RESOLUTION OF (R,S)‐METHYLPHENYL(8‐QUINOLYL)PHOSPHINE AND ITS ARSENIC ANALOG. CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF (+)589‐((R)‐DIMETHYL(1‐ETHYL‐α‐NAPHTHYL)AMINATO‐C2,N)((S)‐METHYLPHENYL(8‐# QUINOLYL)PHOSPHINE)PALLADIUM(II) HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE
Authors: ALLEN D. G. , MCLAUGHLIN G. M. , ROBERTSON G. B. , STEFFEN W. L. , SALEM G. , WILD S. B.
Published: April 2016

Die optische Spaltung der aus 8‐Chlorchinolin und Na‐methylphenylphosphid oder ‐arsenid in THF bei ‐78°C synthetisierten, asymm., zweizähnigen Titelverbindungen (II) (Ausb. 78‐81%) gelingt über die fraktionierte Kristallisation ihrer diastereomeren Pd(II)‐Komplexe (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SHORT‐STEP SYNTHESES OF (.+‐.)‐BAZZANENE AND (.+‐.)‐TRICHODIENE
Authors: SUDA M.
Published: April 2016

2‐Methyl‐cyclopentencarbonsäureester (I) liefert nach Reduktion zum Alkohol mit Ameisensäure das Formiat (II), das mit dem Phosphoniumsalz (III) über die Ylid‐Stufe zum Enolether (IV) kondensiert und dann thermisch zum Aldehyd (V) umgelagert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGH RATE TRANSPASSIVE DISSOLUTION OF NICKEL WITH PULSATING CURRENT
Authors: DATTA M. , LANDOLT D.
Published: April 2016

Die Stromausb.
ChemInform Abstract: ANODIC BEHAVIOR OF TITANIUM IN ACIDIC CHLORIDE‐CONTAINING MEDIA (HYDROCHLORIC ACID‐SODIUM CHLORIDE). INFLUENCE OF THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE MEDIUM. III. ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE. GENERAL DISSOLUTION‐PASSIVATION MECHANISM
Authors: FRAYRET J. P. , CAPRANI A.
Published: April 2016

Die Analyse von im Frequenzbereich l0′3‐l0′4 H2 aufgenommenen Impedanzkurven stützt ein aus stationären Messungen erarbeitetes Auflösungs‐Passivierungs‐Schema des Ti und erlaubt seine Vervollständigung.
ChemInform Abstract: ION‐MOLECULE REACTIONS OF DIATOMIC CHLORINE WITH CHLORIDE AND FLUORIDE IONS
Authors: BABCOCK L. M. , STREIT G. E.
Published: April 2016

Mit Hilfe der flowing‐afterglow‐Methode wird der Prozeß A in He als Puffergas in einem weiten Druckbereich untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF THE CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF HYDROGEN ON COPPER
Authors: DOMEN K. , NAITO S. , SOMA M. , ONISHI T. , TAMARU K.
Published: April 2016

H2O‐Bildung aus H2 und O2 an Cu wird im Temp.‐Bereich 393‐423 K in einem geschlossenen Zirkulationssystem und mit Hilfe der XPS untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROGEN EVOLUTION FROM AQUEOUS ALKALINE SOLUTION OF TITANIUM(III)
Authors: DOI Y. , TAMAKI M.
Published: April 2016

Die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit der Hg‐Entwicklung in alkalischen TiCl3‐Lösungen nimmt mit steigender NaOH‐Konz.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF A SOLUBLE POLYMERIC AQUO ION OF MOLYBDENUM(V)
Authors: ARMSTRONG F. A. , SYKES A. G.
Published: April 2016

Umsetzung einer wäßrigen Na‐molybdatdihydrat‐Lösung mit Na2S2O4‐Lösung liefert eine orange‐braune, ionische, polymere Mo(V)‐Spezies mit der empirischen Formel Na3Mo7O19·12 H2O, die bei pH ≈︁ 6 in wäßriger Lösung stabil ist (UV‐VIS‐Spektrum: λmax = 318 nm, ε (pro Mo) = 3300 M‐1cm‐1).
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF (ASPH4)2(W2NCL10)
Authors: WELLER F. , LIEBELT W. , DEHNICKE K.
Published: April 2016

Die Molekül‐ und Kristallstruktur der kristallinen Titelverbindung, die in langsamer Reaktion aus AsPh4[WNCl4] in Acetonitril entsteht (keine Ausb.‐Angabe), werden röntgenanalytisch bestimmt und diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF COPPER(II) TERNARY COMPLEX FORMATION ON THE COORDINATION BEHAVIOR OF DIPEPTIDES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: NAIR M. S.
Published: April 2016

Stabilitätskonstanten und Bindungsverhältnisse von verschiedenen ternären Komplexen für einige Cu‐Glycylglycin (oder Glycinamid)‐ (A)‐Aminosäure(L)‐Systeme wurden unter biologisch wichtigen Bedingungen (37°C) mit potentiometrischen Methoden unter Verwendung von Computertechniken untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS WITH HEXAFLUOROACETONE AZINE. XXIV. CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF AZINES VIOLATING THE “CRISS‐CROSS” CYCLOADDITION SCHEME. CYCLOADDITION BEHAVIOR OF HEXAFLUOROACETONE AZINE TOWARDS N,N‐DIALKYLCYANAMIDES
Authors: BURGER K. , HEIN F. , FIRL J.
Published: April 2016

Hexafluoracetonazin (I) gibt mit den entsprechenden Dialkylcyanamiden je nach dem Reaktantenverhältnis die l:l‐Addukte (II) oder die 1:2‐Cycloaddukte (III) [aus (IIa) erhält man (IIIa) in 94proz. Ausb., aus (IIa) und Diethyl‐ oder aus (IIb) und Dimethylamino‐cyanamid das 2‐Diethylamino‐6‐dimethylamino‐Derivat in 92 bzw. 89proz. Ausbeute].
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Benzylidenecyanoamines.
Authors: TSUGE O. , UENO K.
Published: April 2016

Einige inter und intramolekulare Cycloadditionsreaktionen der Benzylidencyanobenzylamine (I) werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF DEUTERIUM‐LABELED RETINALS HAVING HIGH DEUTERIUM CONTENT ON SPECIFIC POSITIONS. 10‐MONO‐, 11‐MONO‐, 10,11‐DI‐ AND 14,20,20,20‐TETRADEUTERIORETINAL
Authors: BROEK A. D. , LUGTENBURG J.
Published: April 2016

Der durch Addition des Alkins (IIIa) an β‐Jonon (IV) erhältliche Alkohol (Va) geht bei der Reduktion mit LiAlD4 und Aufarbeitung in H2O in das Retinen (VIa), mit LiAlH4/D2O in (VIb) und mit LiAlD4 /D,O in (VIc) über [die Verbindungen (VI) enthalten 95‐97% des all‐trans‐Isomeren, daneben die 9‐cis‐, die ll‐cis‐ und die 13‐cis‐ Form].
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS ON THE REACTION OF 2,2‐DIMETHYLPROPANESULFINYL CHLORIDE WITH ACTIVATED ZINC
Authors: FREEMAN F. , ANGELETAKIS C. N.
Published: April 2016

tert.‐Butylmethylsulfinylchlorid (I) reagiert mit Zink in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff oder Benzol zum Thiosulfonat (II), während in Ether, Perdeuteroethylether sowie CD 3CN als Hauptprodukt das Thiosulfinat (III) neben dem Disulfid (IV) und dem Zink‐Salz (V) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF AZULENE FROM 6‐(ACYLOXY)FULVENES
Authors: GUPTA Y. N. , MANI S. R. , HOUK K. N.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Acyloxy‐fulvenen (I) erhält man mit dem Diethylamino‐butadien (II) Azulen (III) unter Eliminierung von Diethylammoniumsalzen (IV); daneben erhält man durch weitere Reaktion von (III) mit (Ic) das Azulenylfulven (V).
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECTED METALATIONS OF 4‐ETHYLIDENETETRONIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS A SYNTHETIC ENTRY TO NATURAL 4‐OXY‐2‐FURANONES
Authors: CLEMO N. G. , PATTENDEN G.
Published: April 2016

Aus 4‐Ethyliden‐tetronsäure (Ia) erhält man über das Tetrabutylammoniumsalz mit Dimethylsulfat den Methylether (Ib), der nachMetallierung zu (II) methyliert oder mit Acrylsäureester zu (IV) acyliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF THE DIHYDROXYISOLEUCINE CONSTITUENT OF THE AMANITA MUSHROOM TOXINS
Authors: BARTLETT P. A. , TANZELLA D. J. , BARSTOW J. F.
Published: April 2016

Das Glycinat (I) lagert sich alkalisch zur Carbonsäure (II) um.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVERGENT, MERCURY‐MEDIATED LIGNAN SYNTHESIS
Authors: PELTER A. , WARD R. S. , SATYANARAYANA P. , COLLINS P.
Published: April 2016

Die aus den Dithioacetal‐An‐ ionen (I), Benzylbromiden (II) und dem ungesättigten Lacton (III) erhaltenen Kondensationsprodukte (IV) werden durch Ra‐Ni zu (V) entschwefelt.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION REACTIONS OF BENZO(B)THIOPHENE. PART 4. REACTIONS OF SOME ACETOXY‐ AND HYDROXYBENZO(B)THIOPHENES WITH BENZENE OR TOLUENE
Authors: CLARK P. D. , RAHMAN L. K. A. , SCROWSTON R. M.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktionen der Acetoxyderivate (Ia)‐(Ic) sowie der Hydroxyderivate (Xa)‐(Xd) des Benzothiophens mit Benzol und Toluol in Gegenwart von AlCl3 werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,1‐Dimethylcarbapenem Derivatives and Related Compounds.
Authors: SHIBUYA M. , INOUE T. , JINBO Y. , KUBOTA S.
Published: April 2016

Auf dem im Formelschema skizzierten Weg werden die Azetidinone (I) in die bicyclischen β‐Lactamderivate (III), (IV), (VI) und (VII) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF BENZIMIDAZOLES WITH AMINOOXIRANES
Authors: SOLOMKO Z. F. , AVRAMENKO V. I. , KHMEL' M. P. , MITYUKHINA I. G.
Published: April 2016

Auf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg werden die 1‐Dialkylamino‐2,3‐epoxypropane (IV) hergestellt, die sich mit 2‐Alkyl‐benzimidazolen (V) zu den 3‐Alkylaminobenzimidazolen (VI) umsetzen.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Phenylation of Isoxazole Ring Using Palladium Catalysts: Synthesis of 4‐Phenylmuscimol.
Authors: NAKAMURA N. , TAJIMA Y. , SAKAI K.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Isoxazolderivat (II) wird durch palladiumkatalysierte Arylierung das Derivat (IV) erhalten, das in das 4‐Phenylmuscinol (Ib) übergeführt 72 wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Azadiene Analogs As Synthons for Heterocycles.
Authors: OHSHIRO Y. , KOMATSU M. , YAMAMOTO S. , UESAKA M. , AGAWA T.
Published: April 2016

Die im Formelschema zusammengestellten Reaktionen des Azadiens (I) werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of 1‐Bromo‐1‐nitro‐3‐aryl‐2,3‐diaza‐1‐propenes with Potassium‐thiocyanat.
Authors: DYCHENKO A. I. , PEL'KIS P. S.
Published: April 2016

Die Diaza‐propene (I) reagieren mit Kaliumrhodanid (II) zu den 5‐Imino‐ 1,3,4‐thia‐diazolinen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Lactams from N‐Acylated Cyclic Amines by RuO4 Oxidation Method.
Authors: TANAKA K. , YOSHIFUJI S. , NITTA Y.
Published: April 2016

Die N‐acylierten Piperidine (I) werden mit Natriumperiodat in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen RuO2 im Zweiphasensystem CCl4/H2O zu den Piperidonen (II) und (III) oxidiert, wobei die 6‐Piperidone (II) als Hauptprodukt entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Reactions of Aza‐ and Oxa‐Analogues of Naphtho[a]cyclobutene.
Authors: KANEKO C. , NAITO T. , NAKAYAMA N. , ITO M.
Published: April 2016

Die photochemische Cycloaddition der Olefine (II) an die Chinolinone (I) bzw. an die Isochinolinone (VIII) führt zu den Addukten (III) und (IX), aus denen die Cyclobuten‐Derivate (IV) bzw. (X) hergestellt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PYRIDO(2,1‐A)ISOINDOL‐6‐(2H)‐ONE AND ITS ANALOGS
Authors: ABE Y. , OHSAWA A. , IGETA H.
Published: April 2016

Durch Chromsäureoxidation wird aus (Ia) das Diacetat (Ib) erhalten, dessen saure Hydrolyse zum Pyrido‐isoindolon (II) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction of Carbon Substituents to Heterocycles Via Heteroaromatic Cations: on Pyridine and Isoquinoline.
Authors: AKIBA K. , MATSUOKA H. , ISEKI Y. , ARAKI K. , NAKATANI M. , WADA M.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Pyridiniumsalz (I) werden die regioselektiv in 4‐Stellung substituierten Derivate (III), (IV) und (VI) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: New Reaction of Tetracyclic Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐triazines with Carboxylic Acid Derivatives ‐ Approach to New Synthesis of β‐Lactams.
Authors: IKEDA K. , FUKAWA H. , TERAO Y. , ACHIWA K. , SEKIYA M.
Published: April 2016

Die Hexahydrotriazine (I) und (V) reagieren mit den Carbonsäuren (II) unter Decarboxylierung zu den Aminen CH (III) bzw. (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: New Thermal Ring Expansion Reactions of 2H‐Azirines ‐ Effects of 0‐ and S‐Func‐ i tions on Recyclization of Vinyl Nitrenes.
Authors: ISOMURA K. , KOMURA T. , YAMANOUCHI H. , SARUWATARI M. , SAKURAI M. , OKADA N. , KOBAYASHI S. , TANIGUCHI H.
Published: April 2016

Das thermische Verhalten der 2H‐Azirine (I) und (II) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Simple Thiepins with Alkyl Groups and Their Stability.
Authors: KOHASHI Y. , YAMAZAKI S. , YAMAMOTO K. , MURATA I.
Published: April 2016

Die Synthese der alkylsubstituierten Thiepine (IV) und (VII), ausgehend von (II) bzw. (V), wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: BORON CHELATES AND BORON‐METAL CHELATES. VIII. CONSTITUTION OF BORON CHELATES S WITH C:N GROUPS
Authors: HOHAUS E.
Published: April 2016

Die Chelate′ (I) werden in einer einstufigen Synthese bei Reaktion von Salicylaldehyd, 2‐Aminobenzaldehyd oder 2‐Hydroxyacetophenon und ‐ primären Aminen oder Hydrazinen mit Phenylborsäure oder Diphenylborsäureanhydrid erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF PHOSPHORUS. 109. TERT‐BU6AS2P6 ‐ THE FIRST PHOSPHORUS ARSENIC POLYCYCLE
Authors: BAUDLER M. , AKTALAY Y. , HEINLEIN T. , TEBBE K.‐F.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) wird durch Dehalogenierung eines molaren 3:1‐Gemisches von Dichloro‐tert.‐butylphosphin und As‐trichlorid in siedendem THF unter Verwendung von Mg synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE STATE OF LITHIUM TETRAPHENYLBORATE, LITHIUM PICRATE, AND SODIUM PICRATE DISSOLVED IN 1,2‐DICHLOROETHANE CONTAINING ONE OF SEVERAL PHASE‐TRANSFER CATALYSTS
Authors: GILKERSON W. R. , JACKSON M. D.
Published: April 2016

Das Lösungsmittel 1,2‐Dichlorethan, das 1 mM Dibenzo‐18‐krone‐6 (L1) oder Triphenylphosphinoxid (L2) enthält, löst 1 Äquivalent LiBPh4 unter Bildung von 1:1‐ Ligand‐Salz‐Komplexen.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening of Propylene Oxide by Transition Metal (Ti, Zr, V) Complexes.
Authors: CHOUKROUN R.
Published: April 2016

Verschiedene Chloro‐Derivate von Zr, V, Woder Ti wie (I) reagieren mit 1,2‐Propylen‐′ oxid (II), das sich unter Ringöffnung in die Metall‐Cl‐Bindung einschiebt.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylarsonates of Diorganotin(IV).
Authors: SANDHU S. S. , SANDHU S. S. JUN. , SANDHU G. K. , PARISH R. V. , PARRY O.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung entsprechender Diorgano‐Sn‐oxide und Arylarsonsäuren in siedendem Ethanol führt zu den Titelverbindungen der Zusammensetzung (I) und (II).
ChemInform Abstract: THE PRODUCTS OF FRIEDEL‐CRAFTS ACETYLATION OF TRICARBONYL(CYCLOOCTATETRAENE)CHROMIUM
Authors: HACKETT P. , JOHNSON B. F. G. , LEWIS J.
Published: April 2016

Der Titelkomplex (IIa) und seine substituierten Analogen (IIb) wurden durch Reaktion von Cr(CO)6 in MeCN mit den Cyclooctatetraenen in THF dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE COMPOUNDS (HG(PPH2(M(CO)5))2) (M = CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, OR TUNGSTEN)
Authors: PERINGER P. , EICHBICHLER J.
Published: April 2016

Die stabilen Titelverbindungen (III) werden durch Mercurierung von Diphenylphosphin‐pentacarbonyl‐Mo, ‐Woder ‐Cr (I) mit dem Hg(II)‐disilylamid (II) dargestellt und durch "P‐ und ′99Hg‐NMR‐ sowie massenspektroskopische Daten charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOGENEOUS REDUCTION OF LIGATED CARBON DIOXIDE AND CARBON MONOXIDE TO ALKOXYMETHYL LIGANDS
Authors: BODNAR T. , COMAN E. , MENARD K. , CUTLER A.
Published: April 2016

NaBH3CN reduziert den Komplex (I) chemoselektiv in Alkoholen über (II) zu (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Chromium(II) Reductions of N,O‐Chelated (Amino acidato)tetraamminecobalt(III) Ions ‐ a Reinvestigation.
Authors: WILLIAMS R. D. , PENNINGTON D. E. , SMITH W. B.
Published: April 2016

Die Geschwindigkeits‐ und Aktivierungsparameter für die Cr(II)‐Reduktion der Titelcobalt(III)‐Komplexe mit Glycin und D,L‐Alanin werden erneut und die des Komplexes mit D,L‐Phenylalanin erstmalig bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordinated p‐Benzosemiquinone Radical: Formation of [Co(CN)5(2,6‐di‐Bu′‐1,4‐semiquinone)]3‐ by One Electron Oxidative Addition.
Authors: VLCEK A. JUN. , KLIMA J. , VLCEK A. A.
Published: April 2016

Der Titelkomplex, das Produkt der Reaktion von Co(CN)2 " mit 2,6‐Di‐tert.‐butyl‐1,4‐benzochinon in DMF, wird mittels EPR‐ und UV‐VIS‐Spektroskopie sowie Polarographie als ein Komplex des p‐Benzosemichinonradikals o‐gebunden am Co(III)‐Zentrum durch das C4‐O‐Atom charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES CONTAINING ARSINE LIGANDS WITH ELECTRON‐DEFICIENT OLEFINS. DIANIONIC AND NEUTRAL OLEFIN LIGANDS IN NICKEL(II) AND NICKEL(III) COMPLEXES
Authors: BOOTH B. L. , MCAULIFFE C. A. , STANLEY G. L.
Published: April 2016

Der Triarsin‐Ni‐Zweikernkomplex (I) reagiert mit Tetracyanoethylen (II) zu dem ′ diamagnetischen planaren Ni‐Komplex (IIIa), in dem ein Dianion des Liganden als cis‐Brücke vorliegt, wie IR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen und Vergleiche bestätigen.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, IR Spectrum and Structure of the Di‐μ3‐hydroxo‐μ‐sulphatotetrakis‐μ‐(isonicotinato‐N‐oxide)tetraaqua‐tetracopper(II).
Authors: KNUUTTILA P.
Published: April 2016

Der Titelkomplex (I) entsteht bei der 1:1‐molaren Umsetzung von Ammoniumisonicotinat mit Cu(II)‐sulfatpenta‐ hydrat in Na‐acetat‐gepufferter wäßriger Lösung neben dem einkernigen Produkt Bis‐ [isonicotinato]‐diaquo‐Cu(II).
ChemInform Abstract: REINVESTIGATION OF THE REACTIONS OF CARBONYLHYDRIDOTRIS(PHOSPHINE) COMPLEXES OF RHODIUM AND IRIDIUM WITH SULFUR DIOXIDE
Authors: BELL L. K. , MINGOS D. M. P.
Published: April 2016

1H‐ und 3′ P ′ Hj‐NM R‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen bestätigen die eindeutige Bildung von fünffach‐koordinierten SO, ‐ Derivaten mit der vermutlichen Struktur (II) bei der Reaktion der Tris‐[phosphin]‐ Komplexe (I) mit S02.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGH‐PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY STUDIES ON PLATINUM THYMINE BLUE
Authors: WOOLLINS J. D. , ROSENBERG B.
Published: April 2016

Die Untersuchungen ergeben, daß typische Darstellungen der Titelverbindung verschiedene farblose Platinverbindungen und eine Anzahl blauer Spezies enthalten.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS. 152. HIGHLY REGIOSELECTIVE DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS OF 2‐TRIMETHYLSILYLMETHYL‐1,3‐BUTADIENE CATALYZED BY A LEWIS ACID AND APPLICATIONS TO SYNTHESES OF TERPENES
Authors: HOSOMI A. , IGUCHI H. , SASAKI J. , SAKURAI H.
Published: April 2016

Aus 2‐Trimethylsilylmethyl‐butadien (I) erhält man mit zahlreichen Olefinen (II) Gemische aus den Addukten (III) und (IV), wobei die Anteile an (III) überwiegen.
ChemInform Abstract: 18‐SUBSTITUTED STEROIDS. PART 10. SYNTHESIS OF 16α,18,21‐TRIHYDROXYPREGN‐4‐ENE‐3,20‐DIONE (16α,18‐DIHYDROXY‐11‐DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE)
Authors: KIRK D. N. , SA E MELO M. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Synthese der Titelverbindung (Vc) auf zwei Wegen wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF BENZYLIDENE‐D‐TETROSES
Authors: THIEM J. , WESSEL H.‐P.
Published: April 2016

Die dimere Benzylidenthreose (I) erfährt bei Ag‐oxid‐katalysierten Methylierungen je nach Bedingungen eine Blockierung der acetalischen Funktion unter Bildung des Monomethylacetals (II) (äquimolare Mengen Edukt + gealtertes Ag‐oxid + doppelte Menge Me‐I) bzw. des dimeren Glycosids (Ib) (äquimolare Mengen Edukt + frisch hergestelltes AggO + großer Überschuß MeI).
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM‐ASSISTED CARBOHYDRATE REACTIONS. I. SODIUM CYANOBOROHYDRIDE‐PROMOTED ALLYLIC REARRANGEMENTS OF C‐6 SUBSTITUTED PYRANOSIDE GLYCALS
Authors: DUNKERTON L. V. , BRADY K. T. , MOHAMED F.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Pyranosid‐glykalen (I) erhält man bei der Behandlung mit Pa1ladium(II)‐chlorid und Methanol nach Addition von Natriumcyanoboranat unterschiedliche Mengen der Umlagerungsprodukte (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF COENZYME Q10
Authors: SATO K. , MIYAMOTO O. , INOUE S. , YAMAMOTO T. , HIRASAWA Y.
Published: April 2016

Bei ‐50°C reagiert die aus dem Bromid (Ia) erhaltene Grignardverbindung (Ib) mit Isoprenepoxid in Gegenwart von Kupfer(I)‐chlorid zum trans‐Allylalkohol (IIa), dessen Bromid (IIb) mit dem Anion des Sulfons (III) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Reactions of Reductiomycin.
Authors: OJIKA M. , SHIZURI Y. , YAMADA K.
Published: April 2016

Die Struktur des aus Streptomyces orientalis isolierten Antibioticums Reductiomycin (I), das starke Antitumor‐Aktivität besitzt, wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoquinolinequinone Antibiotics.
Authors: KUBO A. , KITAHARA Y. , NAKAHARA S. , SAITO N. , IWATA R.
Published: April 2016

Die Synthese der Isochinolinchinon‐ Antibiotica Mimocin (I) und Renieron (II) wird ausgehend von den Isochinolin‐ Derivaten (III) bzw. (IV) beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF 4‐DEMETHOXYDAUNOMYCIN
Authors: BROADHURST M. J. , HASSALL C. H. , THOMAS G. J.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von dem Carbonsäuremethylester (I) erhält man auf dem im Formelschema beschriebenen Weg ein cistrans‐Gemisch der Diole (V), das mit Phenylboronsäure unter Epimerisierung des trans‐Diols (Vb) zum cis‐Boronat (VI) führt.
Modelling of Boron Removal from Solutions Using Purolite S 108 in a Batch Reactor
Authors: Korkmaz Mustafa , Özmetin Cengiz , Fil Baybars Ali
Published: April 2016

In this study, ion exchange was applied to artificial boron solutions for boron removal by boron selective Purolite S 108 in a batch reactor. The ion exchange experiments were carried out as a function of initial solution pH, resin‐to‐solution ratio, stirring speed, temperature, concentration, regeneration, and time. Optimum removal conditions for 400 mg/L initial boron concentration were determined as pH 8.5, temperature 15°C, stirring speed 300 rpm, and resin‐to‐solution ratio 36 g/500 mL. Maximum boron removal at a concentration of 400 mg/L was obtained as 100%. The highest boron adsorption capacity of the resin was obtained as 9.31 mg/g. The regeneration of the resin was realized by consecutive acid stripping–neutralization–washing treatments. The resin ion exchange capacity values for the first four cycles were found as 8.5, 9.69, 9.37, and 8.45 mg/g, respectively. The obtained kinetic data followed the pseudo second‐order model rather than the pseudo first‐order kinetic model. Particle diffusion was found as the dominant rate controlling mechanism for boron removal. The activation energy of the complexation reaction between boron and the resin was calculated as 33.5 (kJ/mol). An activation energy of <50 kJ/mol generally indicates a film and particle diffusion controlled process, whereas higher values represent chemical reaction processes. Furthermore, based on the adsorption capacity approach an empirical model was developed.
Nanostructured Iron Oxide/Hydroxide‐Based Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors
Authors: Xia Qiuying , Xu Meng , Xia Hui , Xie Jianping
Published: April 2016

There is a pressing need to further increase the energy density of supercapacitors to meet the requirements of next‐generation electronic devices. One promising solution is to develop advanced electrode materials with large capacitance at fast charge/discharge rates. Among the newly developed electrode materials for supercapacitors, iron oxides/hydroxides have recently emerged as a promising class of anode materials largely because of their attractive electrochemical performance, source abundance, low price, and environmental friendliness. However, the use of these emerging materials in practical set‐ups is unfortunately curtailed by their relatively small surface area and poor electrical conductivity, which could pose detrimental effects on their pseudocapacitive performance. Recently, material scientists and chemists in the energy community have attempted to address these materials’ challenges by taking the advantage of the unique physical and chemical properties of iron oxides/hydroxides at the nanoscale size regime, which are the key topics discussed in this Focus Review. Here, we first summarize recent advances in the development of high‐performance iron oxide/hydroxide‐based electrode materials, and their use as anode materials in asymmetric supercapacitors. We then highlight and exemplify several effective design strategies, such as architectural design, chemical modification, and multifunctional composites of iron oxide/hydroxide‐based electrodes, to further improve their electrochemical properties. In the last section, we discuss the challenges and perspectives in this exciting field, shedding some light on the design of iron oxide/hydroxide‐based electrodes for practical applications.
One‐Dimensional Na3V2(PO4)3/C Nanowires as Cathode Materials for Long‐Life and High Rate Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Yu , Yao Yu , Shi Jinan , Zeng Linchao , Gu Lin , Yu Yan
Published: April 2016

The material Na3V2(PO4)3 (denoted as NVP) has attracted ubiquitous attention as a promising cathode material for sodium ion batteries (NIBs) because it has a fast Na+ transportable NASICON framework. However, the major challenge for the wide application of NVP in NIBs is the poor intrinsic electric conductivity that results in poor electrochemical performance. In this work, nanosized electrochemically active carbon‐coated NVP nanoparticles embedded in 1D porous carbon nanowires (NVP@C‐CNW) were designed and fabricated to improve the intrinsic electric conductivity. The 1D carbon nanowires easily percolate and enable fast electron/ion transport to the NVP particles, while also accommodating the volume variation during Na ion insertion and extraction. In addition, the porous structure facilitates easy electrolyte access, leading to improved fast charge performance. The NVP@C‐CNW exhibits superior rate performance (62.2 mA h g−1 at 60 C) and an ultralong cycle life (96.6 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1C), indicating its great potential for application as the cathode material in high‐performance NIBs.
Past the power law: Complex systems and the limiting law of restricted diversity
Authors: Castellani Brian , Rajaram Rajeev
Published: April 2016

Probability distributions have proven effective at modeling diversity in complex systems. The two most common are the Gaussian normal and skewed‐right. While the mechanics of the former are well‐known; the latter less so, given the significant limitations of the power‐law. Moving past the power‐law, we demonstrate that there exists, hidden‐in‐full‐view, a limiting law governing the diversity of complexity in skewed‐right systems; which can be measured using a case‐based versionof Shannon entropy, resulting in a 60/40 rule. For our study, given the wide range of approaches to measuring complexity (i.e., descriptive, constructive, etc), we examined eight different systems, which varied significantly in scale and composition (from galaxies to genes). We found that skewed‐right complex systems obey the law of restricted diversity; that is, when plotted for a variety of natural and human‐made systems, as the diversity of complexity(primarily in terms of the number of types; but also, secondarily, in terms of the frequency of cases) a limiting law of restricted diversity emerges, constraining the majority of cases to simpler types. Even more compelling, this limiting law obeys a scale‐free 60/40 rule: when measured using, 60%(or more) of the cases in these systems reside within the first 40% (or less) of the lower bound of equiprobable diversity types—with or without long‐tail and whether or not the distribution fits a power‐law. Furthermore, as an extension of the Pareto Principle, this lower bound accounts for only a small percentage of the total diversity; that is, while the top 20% of cases constitute a sizable percentage of the total diversity in a system, the bottom 60% are highly constrained. In short, as the central limit theorem governs the diversity of complexity in normal distributions, restricted diversity seems to govern the diversity of complexity in skewed‐right distributions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 99–112, 2016
Genetic and environmental factors associated with delirium severity in older adults with dementia
Authors: Massimo Lauren , Munoz Elizabeth , Hill Nikki , Mogle Jacqueline , Mulhall Paula , McMillan Corey T. , Clare Linda , Vandenbergh David , Fick Donna , Kolanowski Ann
Published: April 2016

Objective

To determine (1) whether delirium severity was associated with Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype status and occupational complexity, a measure of cognitive reserve, in individuals with delirium superimposed on dementia; and (2) whether decline in delirium severity was associated with these same factors over a post‐acute care (PAC) stay.

Methods

Control group data (n = 142) from a completed randomized clinical trial were used to address the aims of the study. Delirium severity was calculated by combining items from the Confusion Assessment Method and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. APOE ε4 carriers versus non‐carriers were considered. Occupational complexity, a measure of cognitive reserve, was derived from the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire. Covariates examined included age, gender, education, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, and the Charlson comorbidity score. Data were nested (i.e., days nested within persons) and analyzed using multilevel models.

Results

The presence of an APOE ε4 allele and higher Clinical Dementia Rating Scale were associated with greater delirium severity at baseline. The presence of an APOE ε4 allele was also associated with greater delirium severity averaged across the PAC stay. Occupational complexity was not associated with baseline delirium severity or average daily delirium severity; however, individuals with low occupational complexity showed a significant decreased in delirium severity during the course of their PAC stay.

Conclusions

Individual differences, including genetic factors and level of cognitive reserve, contribute to the severity of delirium in older adults with dementia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age‐Adjusted Glycated Albumin at Diagnosis is more Correlated with the Product of Age and Plasma Glucose than Plasma Glucose Alone in Patients with Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Furuya Akiko , Suzuki Shigeru , Oshima Miho , Amamiya Satoshi , Nakao Atsushi , Araki Mariko , Mizutani Kayo , Hayano Satoshi , Ushijima Katsumi , Imamoto Aya , Nagano Nobuhiko , Urakami Tatsuhiko , Matsuo Kumihiro , Tanahashi Yusuke , Azuma Hiroshi , Koga Masafumi
Published: April 2016

Background

We previously showed that glycated albumin (GA) is a useful glycemic control indicator in patients with neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), and that age‐adjusted GA (Aa‐GA) can reflect more accurately glycemic control status. Here, we investigated whether the age at diagnosis influences Aa‐GA at diagnosis of NDM.

Methods

Eight patients with NDM whose GA was measured at diagnosis (age at diagnosis: 39 ± 18 days; GA: 31.3 ± 7.6%; Aa‐GA: 47.1 ± 10.3%; plasma glucose: 525 ± 194 mg/dl) were included. Aa‐GA was calculated as follows: Aa‐GA = GA × 14.0/[1.77 × log‐age (days) + 6.65]. Correlations of GA or Aa‐GA at diagnosis with its logarithmically transformed age in days (log‐age), plasma glucose, and their product were investigated.

Results

GA at diagnosis was not significantly correlated with log‐age or plasma glucose. On the other hand, Aa‐GA at diagnosis was significantly positively correlated with plasma glucose (R = 0.75, P = 0.031) and was more strongly positively correlated with the product of plasma glucose and log‐age (R = 0.82, P = 0.012) although it was not correlated with log‐age.

Conclusion

Aa‐GA at diagnosis is influenced by both age in days and plasma glucose. This finding is likely to show the aspect that age in days is almost equal to diabetes duration because glycemic control indicators including GA reflect the weighted mean of plasma glucose.
Cancer associated proteins in blood plasma: Determining normal variation
Authors: Stenemo Markus , Teleman Johan , Sjöström Martin , Grubb Gabriel , Malmström Erik , Malmström Johan , Niméus Emma
Published: April 2016

Protein biomarkers have the potential to improve diagnosis, stratification of patients into treatment cohorts, follow disease progression and treatment response. One distinct group of potential biomarkers comprises proteins which have been linked to cancer, known as cancer associated proteins (CAPs). We determined the normal variation of 86 CAPs in 72 individual plasma samples collected from ten individuals using SRM mass spectrometry. Samples were collected weekly during 5 weeks from ten volunteers and over one day at nine fixed time points from three volunteers. We determined the degree of the normal variation depending on interpersonal variation, variation due to time of day, and variation over weeks and observed that the variation dependent on the time of day appeared to be the most important. Subdivision of the proteins resulted in two predominant protein groups containing 21 proteins with relatively high variation in all three factors (day, week and individual), and 22 proteins with relatively low variation in all factors. We present a strategy for prioritizing biomarker candidates for future studies based on stratification over their normal variation and have made all data publicly available. Our findings can be used to improve selection of biomarker candidates in future studies and to determine which proteins are most suitable depending on study design.
Can enemy release explain the invasion success of the diploid Leucanthemum vulgare in North America?
Authors: Stutz Sonja , Štajerová Kateřina , Hinz Hariet L. , Müller-Schärer Heinz , Schaffner Urs
Published: April 2016

Enemy release is a commonly accepted mechanism to explain plant invasions. Both the diploidLeucanthemum vulgareand the morphologically very similar tetraploidLeucanthemum ircutianumhave been introduced into North America. To verify which species is more prevalent in North America we sampled 98Leucanthemumpopulations and determined their ploidy level. Although polyploidy has repeatedly been proposed to be associated with increased invasiveness in plants, only two of the populations surveyed in North America were the tetraploidL. ircutianum. We tested the enemy release hypothesis by first comparing 20 populations ofL. vulgareand 27 populations ofL. ircutianumin their native range in Europe, and then comparing the EuropeanL. vulgarepopulations with 31L. vulgarepopulations sampled in North America. Characteristics of the site and associated vegetation, plant performance and invertebrate herbivory were recorded. In Europe, plant height and density of the two species were similar butL. vulgareproduced more flower heads thanL. ircutianum.Leucanthemum vulgarein North America was 17 % taller, produced twice as many flower heads and grew much denser compared toL. vulgarein Europe. Attack rates by root- and leaf-feeding herbivores onL. vulgarein Europe (34 and 75 %) was comparable to that onL. ircutianum(26 and 71 %) but higher than that onL. vulgarein North America (10 and 3 %). However, herbivore load and leaf damage were low in Europe. Cover and height of the co-occurring vegetation was higher inL. vulgarepopulations in the native than in the introduced range, suggesting that a shift in plant competition may more easily explain the invasion success ofL. vulgarethan escape from herbivory.
Trophic plasticity among spring vs. cave populations of Gammarus minus: examining functional niches using stable isotopes and C/N ratios
Authors: MacAvoy Stephen E. , Braciszewski Alyssa , Tengi Eric , Fong Daniel W.
Published: April 2016

In some environments, species may exhibit trophic plasticity, which allows them to extend beyond their assigned functional group. For Gammarus minus, a freshwater amphipod classified as a shredder or detritivore, cave populations have been observed consuming heterotrophs as well as shredding leaves, and therefore may be exhibiting trophic plasticity. To test this possibility, we examined the C and N stable isotope and C/N ratios for cave and spring populations of G. minus. A 15‐day feeding experiment using leaves and G. minus from a spring population established that the diet‐tissue discrimination factor was 3.2 ‰ for δ15N. Cave G. minus were 8 ‰ higher in δ15N relative to cave leaves, indicating they did not derive nitrogen from leaves, whereas field collected spring populations were 2–3 ‰ higher than spring leaves, indicating that they did. Cave G. minus were 2.6 ‰ higher in δ15N than the cave isopod, Caecidotea holsingeri. Relative to spring populations, Organ Cave G. minus were 15N enriched by 6 ‰, suggesting they occupied a different trophic level, or incorporated an isotopically distinct N source. While stable isotopes cannot tell what the cave G. minus are eating, the isotopes certainly show that G. minus are not eating leaves and are trophically distinct form the surface populations. Differences in C/N ratios were observed, but reflect the size of the G. minus examined and not feeding group or habitat. The isotope data strongly support the hypothesis that cave populations of G. minus have become generalist or omnivorous by including animal protein in their diet.
Transnitrosylation: A Factor in Nitric Oxide–Mediated Penile Erection
Authors: Musicki Biljana , Lagoda Gwen , Goetz Tabitha , La Favor Justin D. , Burnett Arthur L.
Published: April 2016

Introduction

Nitric oxide (NO) signaling can be mediated not only through classic 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate but also through S-nitrosylation. However, the impact of S-nitrosylation on erectile function and in NO regulation and oxidative stress in the penis remains poorly understood.

Aims

To characterize the role of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a major regulator of S-nitrosylation homeostasis, on erection physiology and on endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) function and oxidative-nitrosative stress in the penis.

Methods

Adult GSNOR-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice were used. Erectile function was assessed in response to electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Total NO in penile homogenates was measured by Griess reaction. Protein S-nitrosylation, eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1177 (positive regulatory site), eNOS uncoupling, and markers of oxidative stress (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, malondialdehyde, and nitrotyrosine) in the penis were measured by western blot.

Main Outcome Measures

Erectile function, eNOS function, and oxidative stress in the penis of GSNOR-deficient mice.

Results

Erectile function was intact in GSNOR-deficient mice. Total S-nitrosylated proteins were increased (P < .05) in the GSNOR−/− compared with WT mouse penis. Although eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1177 did not differ between the GSNOR−/− and WT mouse penises at baseline, electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve increased (P < .05) phosphorylated eNOS in the WT mouse penis but failed to increase phosphorylated eNOS in the GSNOR−/− mouse penis. Total NO production was decreased (P < .05), whereas eNOS uncoupling, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, malondialdehyde, and nitrotyrosine were increased (P < .05) in the GSNOR-deficient mouse penis compared with the WT mouse penis.

Conclusion

Transnitrosylation mechanisms play an important role in regulating NO bioactivity in the penis. Deficiency of GSNOR leads to eNOS dysfunction and increased oxidative damage, suggesting that homeostatic eNOS function in the penis is governed by transnitrosylation.
Erectile Dysfunction in Male Survivors of Childhood Cancer—A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Ritenour Chad W.M. , Seidel Kristy D. , Leisenring Wendy , Mertens Ann C. , Wasilewski-Masker Karen , Shnorhavorian Margarett , Sklar Charles A. , Whitton John A. , Stovall Marilyn , Constine Louis S. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Robison Leslie L. , Meacham Lillian R.
Published: April 2016

Introduction

With survival rates higher than 80%, the number of survivors from pediatric cancer continues to increase. Late effects resulting from cancer and cancer therapy are being characterized, but little information exists on sexual health for men who have survived childhood cancer.

Aim

To assess erectile dysfunction (ED) in men who survived childhood and adolescent cancers and to identify potential risk factors for ED.

Methods

In total, 1,622 men and 271 eligible brothers in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort completed the Male Health Questionnaire, which provided information on sexual practices and sexual function. Combined with demographic, cancer, and treatment information from medical record abstraction, results of the Male Health Questionnaire were analyzed using multivariable modeling. The International Index of Erectile Function was used to identify ED in subjects.

Main Outcome Measure

International Index of Erectile Function.

Results

Survivors (mean age = 37.4 years, SD = 7.3 years) reported significantly lower sexual activity in the year before the survey than the brothers (mean age = 38.8 years, SD = 8.5 years) without cancer. ED was reported by 12.3% (95% CI = 10.4–14.3) of survivors and 4.2% (95% CI = 2.0–7.9) of brothers. Survivors showed significantly higher relative risk (RR) for ED (RR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.40–4.97). In addition to older age, survivors who were exposed to higher-dose (≥10 Gy) testicular radiation (RR = 3.55, 95% CI = 1.53–8.24), had surgery on the spinal cord or nerves (RR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.36–6.05), prostate surgery (RR = 6.56, 95% CI = 3.84–11.20), or pelvic surgery (RR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.04–4.98) were at higher risk for ED.

Conclusion

Men who have survived childhood cancer have a greater than 2.6-fold increased risk for ED and certain cancer-specific treatments are associated with increased risk. Attention to sexual health, with its physical and emotional implications, and opportunities for early detection and intervention in these individuals could be important.
Heat balance of supraglacial lakes in the western Dronning Maud Land
Authors: Leppäranta Matti , Lindgren Elisa , Arvola Lauri
Published: April 2016

Thermodynamics of a seasonal supraglacial lake were examined based on field data from three summers. At maximum, the lake body consisted of an upper layer with thin ice on top, and a lower layer with slush, hard ice and sediment at the bottom. Sublimation from the upper ice surface averaged to 0.7 mm d−1, and melting in the ice interior averaged to 9.1 mm d−1 during summer. Albedo was on average 0.6 and light attenuation coefficient was ~1 m−1. Averaged over December and January, and over 3 different years, we found that the net solar heating was 137 W m−2, while the losses averaged to 62 W m−2 for the longwave radiation, 16 W m−2 for the sensible heat flux, 24 W m−2 for the latent heat flux and 3 W m−2 for the bottom flux. The depth scale is determined by the light attenuation distance and thermal diffusion coefficient, and the net liquid water volume ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 m in different years. The potential winter growth is more than summer melting, and thus the lake freezes up completely in winter in the present climate.
A Pilot Classroom-Based Study of Attention and Working Memory Strategies for Primary-Aged Students
Authors: Colmar Susan , Davis Nash , Sheldon Linda
Published: April 2016

An exploratory applied study, using a set of attention and working memory strategies specifically developed for students and named Memory Mates, was completed with normally developing students attending a primary school. Students in one classroom received the intervention, while the other classroom functioned as a control group. The study was experimental, with quantitative measures. Additional qualitative data was collected to facilitate the ongoing development of Memory Mates. A working memory instrument was used to rank students initially, and as a post-intervention measure for children with low working memory, with some gains in working memory observed in the experimental classroom students. Data were collected on academic achievement in reading, spelling, and maths. Post-intervention data analysis of the impact of the Memory Mates intervention showed no differences between the experimental and control groups for standardised academic measures. Several reasons are postulated for the lack of significant quantifiable change, chiefly the short period of intervention.