bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Da Rede Cegonha à Rami: tensões entre paradigmas de atenção ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal
Authors: Mortelaro Priscila Kiselar , Cirelli Jessica Fernandes , Narchi Nadia Zanon , Campos Edemilson Antunes de
Published: April 2024

RESUMO Em abril de 2022, o Ministério da Saúde publicou a Portaria GM/MS nº 715, que altera a Portaria de Consolidação GM/MS nº 3, de 28 de setembro de 2017, com o objetivo de instituir a Rede de Atenção à Saúde Materna e Infantil (Rami). Tendo em vista a preexistência da Rede Cegonha, também voltada a essa parcela da população, objetivou-se analisar os modelos de atenção ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal intrínsecos a cada um dos métodos de estruturação organizacional adotados. Para tanto, utilizou-se, como referencial teórico-metodológico, a pesquisa com práticas discursivas, o que possibilitou identificar os repertórios relativos a três categorias predefinidas: os sujeitos, os locais e os agentes da assistência. Na análise, puderam-se observar diferenças paradigmáticas entre as duas redes de atenção. A partir de tais distinções, concluiu-se que a Rede Cegonha está fundamentada em uma concepção de gestação e parto como eventos normais da vida sexual e reprodutiva, enquanto a Rami se estrutura por meio da ênfase no risco, propondo um modelo centrado no hospital e na figura do médico.
Programa Previne Brasil: análise do processo de implementação em um município da região Sul
Authors: Rodrigues Ester Cano , Eberhardt Leonardo Dresch
Published: April 2024

RESUMO Em 2019, o Ministério da Saúde lançou uma nova política de financiamento da Atenção Básica, o Programa Previne Brasil, que tem exigido a adaptação pelos municípios. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a implementação do Programa Previne Brasil em um município do Sul do País. A metodologia caracteriza-se como análise de políticas públicas, por meio de entrevistas e análise documental. Os resultados foram organizados em seis subtemas: lei municipal e comissão de avaliação e monitoramento do Programa; sistema de gratificações; mudanças no processo de trabalho; principais dificuldades enfrentadas; participação social; e expectativas futuras para a Atenção Básica. No processo de implementação do Programa Previne Brasil, observam-se mudanças significativas no trabalho das equipes, estimuladas pelo estabelecimento de metas e indicadores, e pelo repasse dos recursos aos profissionais na forma de gratificações individuais. Ao adotarem uma perspectiva gerencialista, as mudanças no financiamento da Atenção Básica apontam para o distanciamento em relação aos princípios e diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde como universalidade, integralidade e participação da comunidade. A implementação do programa em âmbito municipal pode induzir à focalização de ações em saúde, à relativização da análise local da situação de saúde e à centralização do processo de planejamento.
Vigilância participativa: caminhos para a Saúde Única no Pantanal e na fronteira oeste
Authors: Oliveira Jessica Andrade de , Favacho Alexsandra Rodrigues de Mendonça , Juliano Raquel Soares , Barros Lucas França de , Zeno Pedro , Pauvolid-Corrêa Alex , Chame Marcia
Published: April 2024

RESUMO O projeto ‘Saúde Única no Pantanal: participação da sociedade na vigilância de emergência de zoonoses como efeito pós-incêndios no território e formação de estratégias integradas’ objetivou integrar representações institucionais e da sociedade local; ampliar o uso do Sistema de Informação em Saúde Silvestre (SISS-Geo) para o monitoramento da fauna; identificar áreas prioritárias para vigilância de zoonoses e construir caminhos envolvendo a Saúde Única (SU). Realizou webinário, apontando a necessidade de eventos mais amplos com a participação de lideranças em cada um dos territórios escolhidos. Foram executados seminários e oficinas nos estados de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), com a participação de gestores do serviço de saúde da Província de Santa Cruz, Bolívia, e de Mato Grosso. A representatividade dos diferentes segmentos nos eventos possibilitou a articulação de cidadãos e gestores locais. Nas comunidades tradicionais, foi possível abordar os impactos dos incêndios e dar oportunidade para que essas pessoas manifestassem suas prioridades e demandas de saúde, antes e depois dos incêndios. A Oficina Síntese realizada em Corumbá, MS possibilitou a devolutiva dos resultados e a integração com representantes de diferentes instituições do Brasil e da Bolívia, além da prospecção e priorização de enfermidades a serem incorporadas em modelo de SU para o Pantanal e fronteira oeste do Brasil.
INFLUÊNCIA DE GÊNERO NAS RECOMENDAÇÕES DE AÇÕES POR ANALISTAS DE EQUITY RESEARCH
Authors: Ghossain Amanda Martinez El , Vieira Anna De Abreu Sampaio Navarro , Godoi Alexandra Strommer , Mirapalheta Gustavo Corrêa
Published: April 2024

RESUMO Este estudo busca testar empiricamente a hipótese, presente na literatura, de que, em suas decisões de investimento, mulheres tenderiam a apresentar maior aversão ao risco e/ou menor grau de otimismo do que seus pares homens baseado na análise das recomendações de investimento por parte de analistas de Equity Research no Brasil. Numa amostra com 7496 recomendações para as principais empresas listadas na B3 entre 2009-2021, encontrou-se um efeito estatisticamente significativo na direção oposta ao previsto: recomendações feitas por mulheres tenderam a ser mais otimistas. Verificou-se que a diferença se dá especificamente nas recomendações de venda, emitidas mais frequentemente por homens, e que o efeito desaparece ao se controlar o setor de cobertura e a instituição a que o analista pertence. Ou seja, sugere que a diferença ocorre porque mulheres, que respondem por apenas 12,8% do total de recomendações, se concentrarem na cobertura de setores específicos, como consumo.
Exclusive breastfeeding among people in prison: an intersectional and abolitionist approach to analyzing scientific production in Brazil from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Santos Beatriz Oliveira , Tarrão Melissa Yasmin Alves , Olivar José Miguel Nieto , Lourenço Bárbara Hatzlhoffer
Published: April 2024

Abstract In Brazil, there has been an uncontrolled increase in incarceration of women, and this situation is not interrupted during periods of pregnancy or lactation. A scoping review was carried out to systematically map and synthesize evidence published since 2000 on the practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among imprisoned people in Brazil. Intersectionality and penal abolitionism were the theoretical-methodological approaches used to analyze the studies. A total of 25 studies were selected, 90% of which were published from 2010 to 2020. In the context of maternal and child health, they mainly exposed the difficulties of maintaining EBF in prison, including the lack of definition of a minimum period of stay for the baby, the lack of professional guidance for the practice of EBF, and the inadequate structure of prison units. In the area of law, the studies reported tensions between the disciplinary order and children’s irreducible human right to food. The studies focused the investigation on the mothers’ experiences, but did not question the practical and historical forms of imprisonment, especially regarding Black, female, and poor bodies. Critical and propositional approaches are necessary to produce evidence toward the guarantee of rights to health and food.
A expansão da Otan e a Rússia: desvelando uma “unlove story” do pós-Guerra Fria à luz de fontes primárias
Authors: Segrillo Angelo
Published: April 2024

Resumo: A expansão da Otan no período pós-Guerra Fria tem sido um dos grandes pomos de discórdia entre a Rússia e o Ocidente desde o período Yeltsin até a era Putin. O presente artigo se propõe a analisar as raízes dessas desavenças ainda na época das negociações entre Gorbachev e os líderes ocidentais sobre o que deveria ser permitido no Leste Europeu em caso de reunificação das Alemanhas. Há diversas controvérsias sobre isso, e uma investigação dos documentos primários liberados ao longo dos últimos anos pode ajudar a lançar luz sobre o que realmente se passou nessas tratativas tão cruciais para entender os posicionamentos atuais dos diferentes países neste intricado xadrez internacional.
Anoikis and Mitophagy-Related Gene Signature for Predicting the Survival and Tumor Cell Progression in Colon Cancer
Authors: Shen Jian , Li Minzhe
Published: April 2024

Anoikis is a specialized form of programmed cell death and is also related mitophagy process. We aimed to identify an anoikis and mitophagy-related genes (AMRGs) prognostic model and explore the role of SPHK1 in colon cancer (CC). Bioinformatic methods were used to screen the AMRGs. Based on these genes, all the samples were divided into different subtypes. Furthermore, LASSO was conducted to optimize the AMRGs. Based on the optimal genes, a prognostic risk score model was established and evaluated. Finally, the effects of downregulated SPHK1 on the CC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and anoikis were investigated. Based on the AMRGs, all the CC samples were divided into subtype 1 and subtype 2. An AMRGs signature containing three key genes (SPHK1, CDC25C, and VPS37A) that exhibiting predicting ability in CC survival is confirmed. Subtype2 and low-risk groups exhibited better survival and higher immune cell infiltration. Moreover, downregulated SPHK1 is related to lower cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability, as well as higher anoikis in CC cell line (P < 0.01). The AMRGs risk score model exhibits promising predicting ability on patients with CC. SPHK1 might inhibit CC cell growth, migration, and invasion through stimulating anoikis.
Measuring Trust in Public Sector Organizations – Research Note
Authors: Härenstam Annika , Berntson Erik , Björk Lisa , Corin Linda , Fältén Rebecca , Bujacz Aleksandra
Published: April 2024

The study aims to develop and psychometrically test an instrument to assess trust in public sector organizations. Although trust-based management is of interest in many municipalities in the Nordic countries, an instrument to assess trust adapted for this context is lacking. The present study complies with Luhmann’s system theory and commonly used instruments in this tradition. Data from 240 first-line managers (RR 75%) and 1,871 employees (RR 47%) from all departments in one Swedish municipality were analyzed with a multi-level approach. Out of 16 initial items presented to first-line managers and employees, 8 were retained after the psychometrical testing in both samples. Factor loadings at both within and between levels, and the multilevel homology when exploring convergent and criterion-related validity, showed a similar pattern of two distinct factors. Similar to other previously developed instruments, Supervisory Trust was one dimension. The second construct Organizational Trust included items on trust in politicians and administrative specialists, in addition to trust in top-level managers. The Public Sector Organizational Trust Inventory can be recommended for use in future research on trust at individual as well as group levels.
Obtención y caracterización de sulfato de hierro (II) heptahidratado a partir de alambre de acero proveniente de llantas residuales
Authors: Amar Gil Sebastián , Ardila Arias Alba Nelly , Barrera Zapata Rolando
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Estudiar el aprovechamiento de alambre de acero residual de llantas en desuso para la obtención de sulfato de hierro hidratado. Metodología: El proceso consistió en la disolución ácida de las fibras de acero residual con ácido sulfúrico comercial y la posterior síntesis de los cristales de sulfato de hierro utilizando etanol como agente oxidante. Resultados: La sal obtenida presentó humedad del 44% y estado de hidratación cercano a 7 (6.64). Mediante análisis FTIR se evidenció en la sal la presencia de bandas características de absorción entre 900 – 1300 cm-1, 1500 – 1700 cm-1 y 3100 – 3500 cm-1 correspondientes a los grupos SO42-, H3O+ y OH, respectivamente. Por otro lado, la sal sintetizada presentó alto contenido en Fe (20%) y trazas de metales como Mn, Mo, Ni y Zn, atribuidos a la composición del alambre de acero de las llantas. Conclusión: De acuerdo con los resultados, se logró evidenciar que la sal sintetizada presenta propiedades similares a un sulfato de hierro heptahidratado comercial, cuya obtención a partir de llantas en desuso no se encuentra reportada. Por tal razón, la presente contribución representa una alternativa potencial para la valorización de llantas residuales.
Xylanase production by Penicillium sp. Pn004 and its application for grass hydrolysis: high value subproduct from non-centrifugal sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran
Authors: Martínez Anny Daniela , Blanco Paz Amaury , Chavarro-Anzola Vanessa , Barrios Murcia Juan Carlos , Bautista Eddy J.
Published: April 2024

Worldwide more than 7 billion tons of lignocellulosic biomass will be produced by 2025. In Colombia, these residues are mainly disposed of in rivers and open fields, and only 10% is reused and recycled. Non-centrifugal sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is a residue obtained after sugarcane juice extraction during the manufacturing process of panela and is mostly used as fuel for boilers at sugar mills. Wheat bran (WB) is the main waste from wheat flour production. Nonetheless, the chemical composition of these by-products makes them suitable for use as substrates for hemicellulolytic enzyme production from fungi. Here, a whole process for production in a solid-state fermentation system, recovery, and ultrafiltration process for concentration of xylanases by Penicillium sp. Pn004 is presented. The higher productivity (26.7 ± 1.59 U gds-1 day-1) was reached on the fifth day of fermentation with an enzyme activity of 130.0 ± 7.95 U gds-1. The batch ultrafiltration process allowed increasing the xylanase activity up to 19-fold in the retentate, from 66.47 U mL-1 to 1486.83 U mL-1, without reaching a steady state flux through the membrane. Finally, the enzymatic extract achieved a 43% release of sugar from kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus), showing its potential to be used as an additive for silage or for enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic materials for sugar production.
Biotechnological tools for genetic improvement of Trichoderma
Authors: Villao-Uzho Liliana , Espinoza-Lozano Fernando , Galarza-Romero Luis , Santos-Ordóñez Efrén
Published: April 2024

Trichoderma is a cosmopolitan fungus widely distributed around the world. The different uses of this beneficial fungus are varied in several industries, like agriculture, textile, and paper, including the pharmaceutical industry. The genus Trichoderma has other mechanisms of action, including the production of different enzymes and secreted secondary metabolites used in various industries. The genomes of different Trichoderma species have been sequenced to identify the mechanisms for producing several compounds. The advancement of multiple technologies has allowed the development of transformation tools for the genetic improvement of Trichoderma, thus increasing biomass, primary and secondary metabolites, and enzymes. Therefore, genetic modification aims to increase compound production in several Trichoderma strains. Characterization of Trichoderma through gene expression analysis is essential for biotechnology applications. It helps counteract one of the most challenging problems for agriculture today, including climate change and the appearance of pathogens that attack crops with high commercial and food demand. In conclusion, this review analyzes various strategies to improve Trichoderma strains genetically and their multiple applications in the agricultural, textile, paper, and pharmaceutical industries. As a recommendation for future studies with potential impact, the optimization of specific genetic modifications in Trichoderma strains is recommended to improve their adaptability and effectiveness in combating emerging challenges in agriculture, especially those linked to climate change. Investigating possible synergies between genetically modified Trichoderma strains and environmentally sustainable agricultural practices could contribute to developing solutions for crop protection and yield improvement.
Understanding Students’ Attitudes Towards Affirmative Action Policy in Higher Education in India
Authors: Sabharwal Nidhi S.
Published: April 2024

To mitigate the severe educational horizontal inequalities in India, affirmative action (AA) measures in higher education (HE) have been implemented for socially excluded groups, such as the Scheduled Castes (former “untouchables”), the scheduled tribes (whose status resembles indigenous groups in other countries), and other classes lower in the caste hierarchy. Despite the introduction of AA measures, societal attitudes generally remain resistant to caste‐based reservation policies. Interestingly, very few studies in India have examined AA support among the most directly affected group of people when it comes to AA measures in HE—college students. The current article aims to fill this gap. It asks: Which factors (such as students’ background characteristics, pre‐college credentials, experience in college, and caste‐based beliefs) underlie college students’ attitudes (support or resistance) towards AA? This study builds on a large‐scale survey conducted among 3200 students studying in 12 public higher education institutions across six provinces in India. The results of the empirical analysis indicate that students’ attitudes towards AA are shaped and influenced by their social identity and educational experiences in college. It is also noteworthy that caste‐based biases and prejudices affect students’ attitudes particularly and may explain opposition to AA.
Awake surgery in neurooncology. Part 2. Functional intraoperative mapping
Authors: Dmitriev A. Yu. , Sinkin M. V. , Skalnaya A. A. , Solodov A. A. , Dashyan V. G.
Published: April 2024

Awake surgery is usually used to save patient’s speech. Various tests are applied for this purpose, whish selection  depends on tumor location. In multilingual patients verbal centers usually have different position. Location of each of them is necessary to keep patient’s communication capabilities after operation.

To study vision, tests with presentations of color points or pictures on the screen divided on 4 parts are used. Such testing allows to estimate vision and speech simultaneously.

Mapping of motor area in awake patients allows to evaluate this function more comprehensively including motion planning, proprioceptive control and balance. Stimulation of sensory area in awake patients gives opportunity to differ various types of sensitivity.

Mapping and keeping of cognitive functions, memory, attention and ability of calculation increases chance to save professional skills and quality of life after operation.
Ophthalmic segment internal carotid artery aneurysms endovascular treatment
Authors: Bobinov V. V. , Goroshchenko S.  A. , Kolomin E. G. , Rozhchenko L.  V. , Samochernykh K.  A. , Petrov A.  E.
Published: April 2024

Aim. To estimate the nearest and distant angiographic results of endovascular occlusion of aneurysms of the internal carotid artery ophthalmic segment using non‑reconstructive treatment methods.

Materials and methods. The results of endovascular treatment of 75 patients with aneurysms of the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery admitted to the Neurosurgical Department No. 3 of the V. L. Polenov Russian Research Neurosurgical Institute, from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016 were analyzed.

Results. Of 75 aneurysms, 52 (69.3 %) were radically occluded from the blood flow (Type A) and 23 (30.7 %) were sub‑totally (Type B). When isolated occlusion with detachable coils was used, radical result was achieved in 13 (59.1 %) out of 22 cases, subtotal occlusion – in 9 (40.9 %). During balloon‑assisted occlusion 39 (73.6 %) out of 53 aneurysms were shut off from the blood flow totally, 14 (26.4 %) – sub‑totally. Partial aneurysm occlusion (Type C) was not achieved in any of the observations. Recurrence was observed in 3 (30 %) out of 10 cases on control angiography after isolated occlusion with detached spirals, and 2 (20 %) required repeated surgical intervention. From 38 aneurysms operated on using balloon‑assistence, 9 (23,7 %) recurred on control angiography, 6 of them (15,8 %) required repeated surgical intervention.

Conclusion. Nonconstructive surgical interventions for occlusion of aneurysms of the internal carotid artery ophthalmic segment are still urgent and effective method of treatment of patients in acute period of aneurysm rupture combined with somatic status; however, they are inferior to reconstructive surgeries concerning radica lity in the long‑term period.
Venous thromboembolism in patients with isolated moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Khripun A. I. , Pryamikov A. D. , Asratyan S. A. , Belkov M. A. , Mironkov A. B. , Suryakhin V.  S. , Esipov P.  S. , Krasnikov A.  L. , Churkin A. A.
Published: April 2024

Background. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a big problem of modern neurosurgery, accompanied by high rates of disability and lethality. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) including venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE) plays a significant role in the structure of mortality in this pathology. Regimens and schemes of pharmacological prevention of VTE in TBI as well as corresponding preventative measures are not yet determined completely.

Aim. To identify the frequency of VTE in patients with isolated moderate and severe TBI, and to evaluate the results of prevention and treatment of these complications in patients of this category.

Materials and methods. Over a 3‑year period (from 2020 to 2023) 73 patients with isolated moderate and severe TBI (51 men and 22 women, mean age 61.0 ± 13.0 years) were treated in the V. M. Buyanov City Clinical Hospital. Of these, 31 patients received only conservative therapy, and 42 patients underwent surgery (craniotomy with hematoma removal, closed external hematoma drainage, and installation of intracranial pressure sensor). Ultrasound examination of the lower limb veins was performed at patient admission, then every 7 days until discharge from the hospital. Pharmacological prevention of VTE using low molecular weight heparin in non‑surgical patients was started after 1–2 days if computed tomography of the brain 24 h after admission showed no negative hematoma dynamics. Surgical patients were prescribed preventive medications 24 h after surgery if computed tomography confirmed intracranial hemostasis.

Results. Venous thrombosis was detected in 22 (30.1 %) of 73 patients. PE complicated the underlying disease in 1 (1.4 %) case and was non‑fatal. There was no fatal PE in the study group. An increase of the initial intracranial hematoma volume occurred in 3 (4.1 %) patients, in 2 (2.8 %) patients the recurrence of hemorrhage occurred before the beginning of heparin administration, and in 1 (1.4 %) case against the background of therapeutic doses of anticoagulants prescribed for venous thrombosis. In the majority of cases (82.0 %; 18 of 22 patients) thromboses were localized in deep veins of the lower leg and were asymptomatic. Intrahospital mortality was 23.3 % (17 patients), all lethal outcomes were due to the course of traumatic brain disease.

Conclusion. VTE is a frequent complication of TBI with intracranial hemorrhage. Regular ultrasound diagnostics makes it possible to diagnose asymptomatic distal venous thrombosis in a timely manner and to prescribe therapeutic doses of low molecular weight heparin in time which in turn allows to avoid fatal PE. Currently, there are no clear domestic recommendations for the prevention and, most importantly, for the treatment of these complications in patients with isolated moderate and severe TBI, which requires further active study of this problem.
The effect of surgeon’s pose and duration of operation on movement accuracy and level of microsurgical hand tremor
Authors: Bykanov A. E. , Pitskhelauri D. I. , Kirushin M. A. , Rastvorova O.  A. , Zagidullin T. R.
Published: April 2024

Background. Physiological hand tremor is one of significant problems in microsurgical technique. One careless movement can cause damage to the neighboring structures and consequently worsen a patient’s condition. Therefore, the problem of reducing hand tremor remains relevant.

Aim. To determine the effect of microsurgeon’s pose, duration of operation on the accuracy of surgical action and level of microsurgical hand tremor.

Materials and methods. The study included 14 neurosurgery residents satisfying inclusion criteria. For evaluation and simulation of microsurgical action, validated and developed by the study authors devices for testing and surgical  microscope Carl Zeiss were used. The experimental results were compared using univariate analysis. The differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05.

Results. Surgeon’s pose standing / sitting did not affect spatial accuracy of surgical action and the level of microsurgical hand tremor. However, statistically significant changes in hand tremor were observed both in standing and sitting positions with increased time of microsurgical action.

Conclusion. The choice between sitting or standing pose for microsurgical operation is not a factor significantly affecting microsurgeon’s spatial accuracy of movement and hand tremor. Duration of surgical intervention affects the level of microsurgical hand tremor.
In vitro study of the bactericidal activity for new derivatives of quaternary ammonium salts based on pyridoxine against gram-positive / gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Agafonova Mariya  N. , Bulatova Elena  S. , Sapozhnikov Sergey V. , Biktimirova Alina S. , Kobylinskaia Elizaveta  D. , Shtyrlin Nikita V. , Shtyrlin Yurii G.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Preventive care and successful treatment of infectious diseases (including hospital-acquired infections) are among the most important tasks of modern healthcare. Not many effective antiseptics and disinfectants available can solve this problem. Quaternary ammonium salts are currently one of the promising classes of disinfectants; however, their use is limited by the ability of microorganisms to develop resistance to the compounds. Modification of quaternary ammonium salts with substituents of various profiles is a possible way to solve this problem.
AIM: To conduct a comparative analysis of the bactericidal activity of two original quaternary ammonium compounds based on pyridoxine in comparison with benzalkonium chloride.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bactericidal profiles of 0.1 and 0.2% aqueous solutions of original quaternary ammonium salts based on pyridoxine were studied against two widespread pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antibacterial activity data were obtained using a standard in vitro test (bactericidal activity test on a metal surface; exposure time of 1, 5, and 15 min). In addition to standard conditions, antibacterial efficacy was studied under protein loading conditions, in which BSA solution was added to the surface.
RESULTS: For the studied compounds, the reduction factor (RF, reduction lgCFU of microorganisms) was on average ≥3. Protein loading led to a decrease in efficiency by 1–3 times. An interesting effect of exposure time-dependent specificity reversal to the S. aureus and E. coli was observed.
CONCLUSIONS: The results showed the high activity of the studied compounds, which corresponds to the effectiveness criterion of RF ≥3 for commercial compounds used in this field.
FORMATION OF GABA-ERGIC NEURAL NETWORK IN BÖTZINGER COMPLEX IN RATS DURING EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD IN NORM AND IN PRENATAL DEFICIENCY OF ENDOGENOUS SEROTONIN
Authors: Khozhai L. I. , Ilyichova N. V.
Published: April 2024

The dynamics of the distribution of GABAergic neurons and neurons expressing different types of GABA receptors (GABAAα1 and GABAB1) was studied in Bötzingercomplex (BötC) in the early postnatal period (the period of functional maturation of the respiratory system in mammals) in norm and prenatal reduction of serotonin content in Wistar rats. The brain was studied on postnatal Days 5, 9 and 20 in two groups of rat pups: control (n=9), born by intact females, and experimental (n=13), born from mothers that received parachlorophenylalanine, causing the depression of endogenous serotonin level. Imunocytochemical methods were used to detect the neurons producing GABA and expressing GABA and GABA Aα1B1 receptors. It was shown that the maturation of the inhibitory GABAergic network in BötC occurred in the early postnatal period (by Day 9). Simultaneously with GABA, the expression of GABA and GABA Aα1B1 receptors took place, however their maturation has the distinctive features. The formation of GABAAα1 receptors occurred earlier (by Day 9) and coincided in time with the expression of GABA. The maturation of GABAB1 receptors happened later - only by the third week. Prenatal serotonin deficiency caused a delay in the expression of GABA and GABAAα1 receptors by the neurons of BötC, as well as the disruption of the formation of a network of terminals and synapses containing GABA, GABAAα1 and GABAB1 receptors.
Factors related to the decision of Aging in Place with future health conditions: Focusing on health status and housing environment
Authors:   center for social welfare research yonsei university, Jeong Mijin
Published: April 2024

This study aims to explore the association between the current health status and housing environment and the decision to age in place (AIP), taking into account the future health status of older Korean adults. The study utilized data from the 2020 National Survey of Older Koreans, with a total sample size of 9,920 participants who conducted a self-report. The results showed that, when maintaining the current health status, the decision of AIP had a statistically significant difference with factors such as education level, having a partner, living situation, residential area, and annual household income. However, when considering a weaker health status, the decision of AIP showed a statistically significant difference with sex, educational level, having a partner, and living situation. The results of the logistic regression analyses revealed that when maintaining the current health status, participants with better subjective health conditions and higher depressive scores were more likely to move to a better housing environment. Also, participants who have lived in a single house, townhouse, and multiplex unit, who are not homeowners, have lower satisfaction with their current house, and have higher needs for services for living in their current house were likely to move to a better housing environment. When having a weaker health status, participants who have lower cognitive status, live in a townhouse and multiplex unit, are not homeowners, have lower satisfaction with their current house, and have higher needs for services for living in their current house were less likely to decide on AIP. The study provided evidence for building a community care system by exploring the association of factors related to the decision of AIP with health status.
Application of The Unified Kill Chain model for commercial unmanned aircraft systems
Authors: Кузьмин А.Р. , Савельев М.Ф.
Published: April 2024

Целью статьи является анализ применимости модели объединенной цепочки враждебных действий (The Unified Kill Chain) для беспилотных авиационных систем, преимуществ обеспечения информационной безопасности беспилотных авиационных систем от применения данной модели. В настоящей работе авторы использовали метод системного анализа открытых источников по теме, а также синтез на его базе. Результатом применения данных методов стали описанные применительно к беспилотным авиационным системам этапы the Unified Kill Chain и выработка подходов к минимизации актуальных угроз безопасности беспилотных авиационных систем. Представленная статья является одной из первых работ, посвященных применению the Unified Kill Chain в интересах информационной безопасности беспилотных авиационных систем.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the applicability of The Unified Kill Chain model for unmanned aircraft systems, the benefits for ensuring the information security of unmanned aerial systems due to the use of this model. In this work, the authors use the method of system analysis of open sources on the topic, as well as synthesis based on it. The application of these methods resulted in the stages of The Unified Kill Chain model described in relation to unmanned aerial systems and the development of approaches to minimizing actual threats to the safety of unmanned aerial systems. The presented article is one of the first works devoted to the use of The Unified Kill Chain for UAS’ information security.
Информационное моделирование здания
Authors: Доронина В.Г. , Гулякин Д.В.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье рассмотрены наиболее распространенные на сегодняшний день в мире и России программы информационного моделирования здания (BIM) для профессионалов строительной отрасли их отличительные черты, особенности некоторых функций, специализация и область применения.
Геотехническая технология устройства свай с использованией новых физических процессов
Authors: Соколов Н.С.
Published: April 2024

Проблема повышения несущей способности оснований всегда является актуальной задачей в современном геотехническом строительстве. Она приобретает особую важность при строительстве на склонах, изрезанных оврагами. Как правило строительство на поверхностях склонов вследствие разгрузок фильтрационных потоков в виде родников всегда является проблематичным мероприятием. Гидрогеологические процессы зачастую приводят пересеченные поверхности предназначенные для возведения объектов в неустойчивые состояния приводя их к оползневоопасным. Тем самым безопасное возведение зданий и сооружений на таких территориях всегда сопровождается с одновременным возведением удерживающих заглубленных строительных конструкций. Наиболее конкурентыми удерживающими конструкциями являются монолитные железобетонные уголковые подпорные стены возводимые на буровых сваях и закрепляемые грунтовыми анкерами. В статье приведены примеры использования буроинъекционных свай ЭРТ (РИТ, ФОРСТ, ЭРСТ) и грунтовых анкеров ЭРТ.
Влияние уровня предварительного напряжения затяжек на эффективность шпренгельных систем
Authors: Тимин В.С.
Published: April 2024

Целью работы является в исследовании влияния уровня предварительного напряжения затяжек на эффективность шпренгельных систем.
Офисные информационные системы
Authors: Беленьков Д.А. , Скворцов В.О. , Савинская Д.Н.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье мы рассмотрим важность информационного обеспечения, которое включает в себя сбор и переработку информации, передачу информации между взаимосвязанными подразделениями. Всѐ это в современных условиях вышло на новый уровень, что позволяет организациям повысить производительность труда работников и дает возможность справляться с возрастающим объемом работ. А также это дает возможность использования автоматизации офиса в качестве инструмента для решения проблем. Информационные системы способны обеспечить экономический рост фирмы.
Разработка и реализация task-менеджера
Authors: Кольева Н.С. , Кочурин Н.С. , Кузнецов В.Е.
Published: April 2024

Таск-менеджеры предоставляют широкий набор функций, которые помогают улучшить организацию работы. Они обеспечивают возможность создания задач, назначения ответственных лиц и установки приоритетов. Целью данной статьи является разработка и реализация task-менеджера удобного и эффективного инструмента, который поможет организовывать и контролировать задачи различного уровня сложности.
Влияние международного законодательства на практики ИБ
Authors: Яковишин А.Д.
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена анализу влияния международного законодательства на практики информационной безопасности (ИБ). Основное внимание уделено системному подходу к ИБ в контексте глобализации и появления новых угроз в киберпространстве. Рассматриваются ключевые аспекты международного сотрудничества, включая принципы единообразия законодательства, стандарты ISO/IEC и роль ООН в формировании нормативной базы. Анализируется важность обмена информацией и коллективных усилий в борьбе с киберпреступностью, подчеркивая необходимость адаптации международных соглашений к современным реалиям ИБ.
Гуматизированное органо-минеральное удобрение на основе окисленных бурых углей, отходов органического происхождения и природного минерала
Authors: Джапарова Ш.Д. , Абидов А.О. , Сабиров Б.З. , Арзиев Ж.А.
Published: April 2024

В статье представлены результаты исследований по получению гуматизированногооргано-минерального удобрения из окисленных бурых углей, обогащенного гумусом органических отходов растительного и животного происхождения и глауконитосодержащим природным минералом месторождения Кызылтокой Кыргызстана. Предложено применение разработанной технологии при производстве, использование в жидком и сухом, порошкообразном виде взамен химических минеральных удобрений в сельском хозяйстве республики.
Ядерная энергетика будущего
Authors: Рыбаков И.Д. , Базин Д.А.
Published: April 2024

Эта статья предоставляет всесторонний обзор современного состояния и перспектив развития ядерной энергетики. Обсуждается широкий спектр технологий и реакторов, выделяя их уникальные характеристики и эффективность. Анализируются инновации в сфере ядерной энергетики, включая перспективы малогабаритных и термоядерных реакторов, продвинутых технологий ядерного топлива и использование искусственного интеллекта в управлении ядерными системами. В заключении статьи обобщаются результаты и выводы, предоставляются прогнозы для будущего развития, а также формулируются рекомендации для будущих исследований и практических реализаций в данной области.
Variability of the component composition of the essential oil of Artemisia salsoloides Willd. from natural populations of the flora of Dagestan
Authors: Vagabova F. A. , Aliev A. M. , Radzhabov G. K. , Mallaliev M. M.
Published: April 2024

To study the variability of the gathering locality and componen t composition of essential oil from the aerial part of a little‐studied species – Artemisia salsoloides Willd. depending on abiotic environmental factors, such as height above the level of the place of growth. Aerial parts of A. salsoloides were collected during the flowering phase in four Dagestan natural populations to obtain essential oil using the Clevenger method. To determine the component composition of the samples obtained of essential oils of A. salsoloides, chromatography‐mass spectrometric analysis was used. The components were identified using the NIST08 and FFNSC mass spectral libraries. In total, 55 compounds were identified in the essential oil samples, where monoterpenoids account for 59.92 % – 75.98 % and sesquiterpenoids – for 23.24 % to 37.81 %. At the same time, 15 major compounds were identified. Thus, it should be noted that there was found to be a wide range of values for monoterpenoids: β‐pinene, trans‐β‐ocimene, cis‐alloocimene, benzene, 2,4‐pentadinyl, and among sesquiterpenoids – α‐copaene, β‐sesquiphilandrene, spathulenol. The quantitative yield of essential oil in the studied samples varied from 0.68 % to 1.36 % of airdried raw materials, depending on the growth location of the species. Four separate populations of A. salsoloides were identified by means of cluster analysis based on the component composition of the studied essential oils. For the first time, the composition of the essential oil of the aerial part of wild Dagestan samples of A. salsoloides was studied as depending on an abiotic factor (height above sea level) of the environment. The results obtained of the component composition of the essential oil of A. salsoloides samples showed the presence of a number of valuable compounds, which allow the use of essential oils as their sources.
Features of the ecology of Rhinolophus mehelyi (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) during hibernation in the north‐east of the Caucasus
Authors: Zhigalin A. V. , Gadzhiev A. A. , Mutashev B. A. , Alekseev A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The cave was surveyed and the animals were counted 1–2 times a month. Microclimatic indicators were recorded by automatic loggers.

During the research, it was found that the place of hibernation of R. mehelyi in the north‐east of the area is the Karabudakhkentskaya Cave. The minimum, maximum and average temperatures in the cave during the wintering period of R. mehelyi are equal: 6.9 oC, 15.6 oC and 12.4 oC accordingly. The minimum humidity was 89.1 %, the maximum was 98.2 % and the average was 92.7 %. It was found that the temperature inside the shelter affects the number of individuals in the visible part of the cave and the formation of individual groupings. In addition, there is an increase in the number of individuals in April before the start of migration.

It was found that humidity does not affect the movement of the species inside the cave, but temperature is a factor determining the movement of animals and their crowding. Thus, to accurately record the number of species, which is important for carrying out environmental measures, it is necessary to take into account both indicators – temperature and time of research.
Changes in the Cellular Composition of the Rat Thymus 90 Days After Urethane Injection Against the Background of Selenium Intake
Authors: Bubnova N. V. , Struchko G. Yu. , Merkulova L. M. , Kostrova О. Yu. , Kotelkina А. А. , Mikhailova М. N.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study is to assess the cellular composition of rat thymus when isolated administration of selenium, urethane and combined exposure to two factors. Material and methods. The study was performed on 34 male Wistar rats, which were divided into 4 groups: 1 – intact, 2 – rats, which received selenium only for 1 month, 3 – animals, which were injected once intraperitoneal urethane, 4 – rats with combined selenium and urethane action. Histological preparations of the thymus were prepared according to generally accepted methods and further evaluated by the method of review microscopy, morphometry, immunohistochemical reactions, electron microscopy, statistical processing of data. Results. Ninety days after selenium, the rat thymus structure is slightly different from intact animals. The introduction of urethane leads to the development of excitation involution of the thymus, which is characterized by morphological changes, and manifests itself in a change in the shape of the organ lobes, in the expansion of the intercole gaps and in the fat tissue thereof, hyperplasia of the cortical substance of the thymus by increasing the number of mature lymphocytes, epithelial cells positive to pancytokeratin. At the ultramicroscopic level, the thymus lymphocyte decreases its nuclear-cytoplasmic index, and increases the number of mitochondria that have a light matrix with a small amount of crystal. Apoptotic bodies and a large number of electron-transparent vacuoles are visualized. When combined, the thymus structure differs from the intact group by an enlarged brain substance, but the number of epithelial cells that are positive to pancytokeratin and Ki67+-cells, as well as cells that express apoptosisregulating protein, decreases. Electron microscopy also indicates a large amount of mitochondria, but with welldefined crystals, when combined with selenium and urethane. There are a small number of electron-transparent vacuoles. Conclusion. The obtained data make it possible to draw a conclusion about the positive influence of the exchange rate of selenium on the T-cell link of immunity, at least for this period of study. In the course of the experiment, it was found that, against the background of the development of the adenoma of the lung caused by the introduction of urethane, at the stage of alveolar epithelium dysplasia signs of excitant thymus involution were detected. When selenium and urethane are combined, less pronounced changes are observed in the examined organ than in the isolated administration of urethane.
Neurons and Glial Cells of the Lateral Tuberal Hypothalamic Nucleus in Vascular Dementia
Authors: Ishunina Т. А.
Published: April 2024

The aim was to study the size and density of neurons and glial cells of the hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus (LTN) in vascular dementia (VD), which is the second most common dementia. Material and methods. The density of neurons and glial cells, the cross-sectional area of nuclei, nucleoli and perikarya of LTN neurons were determined in patients with VD (n=10) and in the control group of individuals (n=10) who did not have any neurological or cognitive dysfunction. Comparison of indicators between groups was carried out using ANOVA and Student's t-test. Results. In VD cases all of the studied morphometric parameters of neurons and their density were decreased by within 20% (p<0.02). An increase in the neuroglial index by an average of 27% (p=0.04) was also noted. Сhanges in the size of neurons and nucleoli were observed regardless of the gender of patients. However, a decrease in the neuronal density (p = 0,008) and an increase in the neuroglial index (p=0,03) were noted only in the group of female patients. Conclusion. VD leads to a decrease in the metabolic activity of neurons of the hypothalamus and of the lateral tuberal nucleus, in particular. Moreover, a part of LTN neurons dies inducing a compensatory and adaptive increase in the population of glial cells. Thus, some late manifestations of VD, such as asthenia and increased exhaustion, may be caused, at least in part by a decrease in the neuronal activity and reorganization of intercellular interactions in the LTN.
Dependence of the Thyroid Gland Ultrasound Findings on Somatotypological Parameters in Young Men Living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Lytkina А. А. , Garmaeva D. К.
Published: April 2024

The paper highlights the study results related to the structural features of the thyroid gland (TG) based on ultrasound examination findings and their relationship with somatotypological parameters in young men living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Since diagnosis of thyroid pathology is associated with ultrasound examination, advanced information about the regional features of the anatomical standad parameters of the thyroid gland remains an acute research and practical issue. The aim of the study was to identify the morphometric parameter features of the thyroid gland during ultrasound scanning and the nature of their relationship with the somatotype in young men living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), indigenous and non-indigenous ethnic groups. Material and methods. The study involved total 195 males, aged 17-21, who were divided into groups depending on indigenous and non-indigenous ethnicity. All subjects underwent anthropometric measurements of 10 parameters, followed by determination of the somatotype according to Heath-Carter. To determine the linear dimensions and volume of the thyroid gland, the ultrasound diagnostic option was used. Results. As stated, representatives of the mesomorphic somatotype predominate among young men of the indigenous ethnic group; representatives of the ectomorphic somatotype predominate among young men of the non-indigenous ethnic group. A comparative analysis of ultrasound morphometry revealed significantly larger values of the total volume of the thyroid gland, due to an increased thickness and volume of the right lobe, as well as the thickness, width and volume of the left lobe in young men of the non-indigenous ethnic group, compared with young men of the indigenous ethnic group. When comparing the thyroid volume with the identified distribution of somatotypes according to Heath-Carter, statistically significant differences were registered in representatives of the mesomorphic somatotype: in young men of the non-indigenous ethnic group, the volume was 2.1 cm3 greater than in young men of the indigenous ethnic group. Conclusion. Thus, the obtained findings related to linear parameters and thyroid volume evidence their relationship with ethnicity and somatotype.