bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of Carotenoids from Fresh Tomatoes and Their Availability in Processed Tomato-Based Products
Authors: Daphnee Ngameni Tchonkouang Rose , Dulce Carlos Antunes Maria , Margarida Cortês Vieira Maria
Published: April 2022

The high consumption of tomatoes worldwide has made them an essential source of health-promoting carotenoids that prevent a variety of chronic degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease. Tomatoes are available year-round, consumed fresh, and used as a raw material for the production of many processed products, such as juices, pastes, and purees. A plethora of carotenoids has been characterized in tomatoes. Most of the relevant carotenoids in the human bloodstream are supplied by fresh and processed tomatoes. Lycopene is the predominant carotenoid in tomato and tomato-based food products. Other carotenoids such as α-, β-, γ- and ξ-carotene, phytoene, phytofluene, neurosporene, and lutein are present in tomatoes and related products. There is a growing body of evidence that these bioactive compounds possess beneficial properties, namely anticarcinogenic, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective effects among other health benefits, due to their antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic properties. This chapter analyzes the carotenoid composition of tomatoes and their based products as major contributors to the chronic disease-preventive properties.
Is There Still Room to Improve Medicinal Herbs (Functional Herbs) by Gene Editing for Health?
Authors: Seyidoglu Nilay , Aydin Cenk
Published: April 2022

Herbs have a wide variety of chemical compounds that can support food quality, medicines, and biotechnology approaches. Over the years, extensive research has been carried out in genetic engineering of foods, including improving the feasibility of herbs. The story behind the herbal genetic technology relates to food allergy, the pharmaceutical industry, and of course, the growing food shortage that is the biggest nutritional issue of this century. Researchers have highlighted that in genome editing, creating synthetic biology is a good strategy. Furthermore, the production of secondary metabolites in herbs may be enhanced through genetic methods. The researchers investigated the plants’ secondary metabolic pathways as well as their genetic alterations. Yet there are some herbal remedies used in genetic engineering. This chapter begins with a discussion of our studies of functional foods and their effects on human and animal health. Next, we will highlight the importance of genome editing in herbs and methodologies. Additionally, the differences between natural functional foods and genome editing herbs will try to prove efficacy on humans and animals. Consequently, we will attempt to reveal if genomic foods have protective effects on health and particularly on pandemic diseases.
Acerca de la fuente varroniana de las disciplinas liberales, en 'De ordine’ de san Agustín
Authors: Cipriani Nello , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the source that St. Augustine uses in the second part of De Ordine when he explains the Liberal Arts. This source is Varro. It demonstrates that the interpretation that I. Hadot makes of the second part of De Ordine is excessively Neo-Platonic. After that it presents new arguments to prove that the source of the section in which St. Augustine explains the Liberal Arts is that of Varro.
El modelo antropológico en el libro I de las 'Confesiones’
Authors: Cipriani Nello , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the sources that have inspired Saint Augustine’s Anthropological model in Book I of the Confessions. It demonstrares that the sources are not those of Neo-platonic Philosophy, but those of the Old Academy, as expressed by the particular version of Antiochus of Ascalon, mixed with some elements of the Peripatetic and the Stoic school, which have been transmitted to the Latin Culture through Cicero and Varro. The article demonstrares this, analyzing some passages of Book I of the Confessions.
El tema agustiniano ‘actio-contemplatio’ en su marco antropológico
Authors: Cipriani Nello , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article tries to demonstrate that St. Augustine’s concept about ‘Actio - Contemplatio’ follows an Anthropological Model which depends on Antiochus of Ascalon, which Augustine knew through the works of Cicero and Varro. The article also presents according to that Anthropological Model: 1) The Human being is composed of body and soul, and not only of rational soul; 2) The soul is moved to action through a natural appetitus, as it is also naturally moved to live and to know through the senses and reason; 3) In the life of every human being these appetitus are satisfied in different ways, according to the age, and a kind of coniugium between the appetitus and the soul, the Knowledge and the Action.
What Is Meaningful Work?
Authors: Althorpe Caleb ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: April 2022

This paper argues that two orthodox views of meaningful work—the subjective view and the autonomy view—are deficient. In their place is proposed the contributive view of meaningful work, which is constituted by work that is both complex and involves persons in its contributive aspect. These conditions are necessary due to the way work is inherently tied up with the idea of social contribution and the interdependencies between persons. This gives such features of the contributive view a distinct basis from those found in existent accounts of meaningful work.
CROSS-BORDER DIGITALIZATION OF THE WESTERN BORDER OF RUSSIA: POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Mikhaylova Anna A.
Published: April 2022

Border regions are significant geostrategic territories, which long-term sustainable development is one of the priorities of Russia’s national security. The specificity of their economic-geographical position necessitates the development and implementation by the authorities of special governance approaches aimed at finding a balance between the openness and barrier function of the state border. One of the most common tools for the spatial development of border areas is the sustainable cross-border cooperation with the regions of neighboring countries using various froms of cross-border cooperation, incl. focused on the generation and diffusion of innovations. The covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, having become a truly global challenge of our time, has made significant changes not only in the policies of many countries regarding the border, but also in the functioning of already established cross-border regions. The impossibility of fully implementing the previous formats of interethnic and interregional interaction has necessitated the search for new forms of cooperation, primarily based on the use of rapidly developing digital technologies. This led to the growth of academic and practical interest in substantiating the mutual effects of digitalization, innovation and internationalization for the regions. This article is devoted to assessing the potential and prospects of cross-border digitalization of the Western borderland of Russia. The objectives of the study were to identify the gap between border regions in the level of accessibility and penetration of digital technologies, as a significant condition for the formation of cross-border digital connections. The object of study is 15 subjects of the Russian Federation and 17 regions of NUTS 2 neighboring states. Using geoinformation and statistical methods of analysis, a typology of regions by the value of the digitalization index is proposed, with the allocation of leaders, moderate and lagging regions, and an assessment of their spatial location relative to the state border. Possible reasons for the current digital inequality, primarily of a socio-economic nature, are discussed. The determining role of the institutional factor in realizing the potential of cross-border digitalization has been substantiated. It is concluded that political efforts for digital convergence in the western direction are being undertaken only between Russia and Belarus, although further intensification is required.
Day of the week effect in the South African equity market: A garch analysis
Authors: Mazviona Batsirai , Mah Gisele , Choga Ireen
Published: April 2022

Understanding dynamics of daily stock returns provide insight in trading opportunities available in stock markets. The purpose of the study was to examine whether day of the week effect exists in the South African equity market. Daily data from Top 40, All Shares, Basic Materials, Industrials, Consumer Goods, Health Care, Consumer Services, Telecommunications, Financials and Technology indices were collected for period 1995 to 2018. Exponential and threshold generalized auto regressive conditional heteroskedasticity models were employed to analyse day of the week anomaly. Findings of the day of the week for the mean equation revealed a positive Monday effect for aggregate indices namely Top 40 and All shares whilst the sectorial analysis showed a positive Monday effect for Basic materials, Consumer goods, Health care and Telecommunication. Furthermore, the mean equation for day of the week depicted a positive Tuesday effect for Financials sector, positive Wednesday effect for Consumer services sector and Thursday effect for Industrials and Technology sectors. The variance equation highlighted negative Monday effect for Top 40 and All shares as well as Basic materials, Consumer goods, Health care, Consumer services, Telecommunication and Financials sectors. However, Industrials sector indicated a negative Friday effect. The existence of day of the week effect nullifies the efficient market hypothesis in its weak form. In practice, it is recommended that for Mondays investors should invest in Top 40 and All shares, for Tuesday and Wednesday it would be prudent for investors to invest in Financial and Consumer services sectors respectively. Returns for Thursdays are attractive to an investor investing in the Industrial sector. An investor can reduce exposure by diversifying in the Health sector on Monday and in the by Industrial sector on Friday. Unlike previous studies that focussed on aggregate market indices, this study extended the analysis to sectors that constitute the market index.
Analysis of e-retailing in Danube region countries
Authors: Končar Jelena , Vučenović Sonja , Marić Radenko
Published: April 2022

This paper investigated the role and importance of e-retailing in traditional marketing channels in the selected countries of the Danube region. The main aim of the research was to highlight the economic benefits of e-retailing in traditional retail institutions analyzing the revenue from the sale of e-retailing in traditional retailers' business and representation of e-retailing "click and brick" in the group of largest e-retailers. The core idea of this paper was to empirically evaluate if the e-retailing implementation is in correlation with business profit, origin and specific form of a retailer. In this context, the study was conducted using the volume of sales revenue, the origin of retailer and form of the retail outlet, as independent variables based on which a volume of e-retailing presence as the dependent variable is evaluated. This study eliminates retailer's sales revenue as a statistically significant indicator which influences the implementation of e-retailing. On the other hand, the findings show that foreign retailers significantly less likely to implement e-retailing than domestic retailers when analyzing all countries in the region. When it comes to retailing formats, results suggest that retailers with retail format shopping centres and kiosks don't have e-retailing. All remaining retail formats have e-retailing. This paper formulates practical suggestions for further using of e-retailing in Danube region countries' marketing channels.
Effects of climate change on sustainable tourism development in the Republic of Serbia: A case study of Vrnjačka Banja
Authors: Lakićević Marija , Kostić Marija , Pantović Danijela , Žarevac-Bošković Milica
Published: April 2022

The most common definition in the professional literature is that climate is a product of the climate system. The climate system is a complex dynamic system whose basic parts are: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, and their mutual relations and actions. Climate change is one of the most frequently mentioned negative phenomena in recent years. The consequences they have for the entire environment are almost immeasurable and will remain for future generations. The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of climate change which affect the sustainable development of tourism, with especial reference to Vrnjačka Banja. This tourist destination was chosen as an example of research since it is the largest and most famous spa resort in the Republic of Serbia and is in second place in terms of tourist attendance. Therefore, it is exposed to a larger number of visitors, which also has an impact on changes in the environment of Vrnjačka Banja.
Injury of human rights and the right to life during the Covid-19 pandemic in the older population
Authors: Sánchez Ballesteros
Published: April 2022

It has been more than a year since the Covid-19 pandemic began. Millions of people continue to die around the world. Most of them are elderly, but their importance is not downplayed for this reason. The indiscriminate practices being carried out all over the world, in terms of the suffered abandonment, make us reflect in favor of the study of the protection systems of the most vulnerable people. It also includes the attempt to preserve their fundamental rights at the global level, and, above all, the legal point of view. Consequently, and despite the improvement in the situation produced by the application of the different vaccines against Covid-19, nothing prevents this from being repeated in the future if we do not establish the appropriate measures to assure a real and effective protection. The improvement that is assumed and expected should not refer to the field of health only, but also to the rule of law in which the majority of the world population find themselves regarding the approval of the necessary regulations providing the desired results. Therefore, the essence of this paper is searching for legal solutions to protect the human rights of the most vulnerable people - the elders, through the study of the right to their health protection and the functioning of the established systems concerning this field. The main objective is articulating the necessary strategies and instruments that guarantee the integrity of the elderly people throughout the planet.
The legal treatment of the initiation and implementation of bankruptcy against legal entities in Republic of Serbia
Authors: Rašević Milica
Published: April 2022

In contemporary conditions of an operation of business entities, the importance and significance of bankruptcy and the bankruptcy procedure are indisputable. The establishment of debtor-creditor relations in business operations of legal entities and individuals may lead to the risk of the debtor in a certain business not being able to meet the obligation he/ she has assumed. The roots of bankruptcy as a commercial law institution can be traced as far back as Roman law. The bankruptcy issues in Serbia are governed by the Bankruptcy Law of 2009. According to the importance and essence of the topic of the paper, the subject of the paper analysis refers to the concept and characteristics of bankruptcy as an important commercial law institution. It also includes the aims of bankruptcy and the criteria for its classification, as well as the question of the fundamental assumptions for the implementation of bankruptcy law rules, and the options available to bankruptcy debtors in situations when the causes of bankruptcy are met. The paper focuses in particular on a legal treatment of the initiation and implementation of bankruptcy against legal entities in Republic of Serbia.
Maintenance policy selection of n-component repairable system using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Srivastava Nishit , Kuila Pratyay , Chatterjee Namrata , Subramani A.K. , Akbar Jan
Published: April 2022

A typical manufacturing system consists of a large number of repairable components/ machines which age with time and require maintenance. This paper proposes a novel maintenance policy selection method using genetic algorithm. Where, maintenance problem is formulated for n-component repairable system to minimize the total maintenance cost. The various maintenance policies and repairable components are represented in the form of chromosomes, initially various chromosomes are randomly generated which are then assessed and selected using fitness value and then crossover and mutation function is performed to obtain a better chromosome. Several iterations are performed till the desired results is achieved. The proposed algorithm is further explained and validated through an illustrative example.
Decision making reflecting the fractalization of the society
Authors: Kalina Jan
Published: April 2022

Although the mainstream economic doctrine relies on the concept of equilibrium, the current society has been recently facing serious challenges. While we can experience a gradually rise of the ideals of the knowledge society, we hold the opinion that the society (and the economies worldwide as well) will have a fractal structure following models investigated by the chaos theory. This paper is focused on decision making especially in economic or managerial tasks and its transforms due to the paradigm shift towards a fractal society in disequilibrium economic conditions. Statistical and information-theoretical aspects of decision support are discussed and a decision making example from the field of credit risk management is analyzed and presented.
Profit or less waste?: Digitainability in SMEs: A comparison of Hungarian and Slovakian SMEs
Authors: Saáry Réka , Kárpáti-Daróczi Judit , Tick Andrea
Published: April 2022

SMEs operating in the 21st century must face several challenges including a push towards digital transformation, reorganising business operations to maintain sustainability but on the other hand not to lose profit and keep the business running. This paper aims to reveal whether the profit and the high rate of digitalisation or the sustainability concerns are the main driving forces of SMEs in Hungary and Slovakia. The paper analyses 210 observed SMEs and uses the CHAID decision tree method parallel to factor and cluster analyses to explore the similarities and differences in Hungarian and Slovakian SME behaviours. The results show Slovakian SMEs have a more positive attitude to digitalisation; both Hungarian and Slovakian SMEs are split into two groups in terms of approach to digitalisation and sustainability while the significant differences vary provided the questions of cost and resource reduction, extension of product life cycle or higher productivity are concerned. SMES in both countries agree that business models need to be adjusted to digitalisation and sustainability while they are concerned about the negative impact of digitalisation although significantly differently.
The relations between Russia and Turkey in the context of contemporary international events
Authors: Đukić Anđelija , Vuletić Dejan , Milenković Miloš
Published: April 2022

In the context of international events, the relations between Russia and Turkey remain complex, although they are based on mutual recognition of security and other interests and cooperation that is mutually beneficial. The strained relations between Turkey and the United States, caused by disagreements in Syria and Turkish purchase of the S-400 missile system, have shown Turkey's growing commitment to a more independent foreign policy. Russia is under sanctions due to the annexation of Crimea and is an actor in the crisis over Ukraine due to the NATO threat of expansion to the Russian western borders, which escalated after the Russian recognition of the independence of the People's Republic of Donetsk and Lugansk (Donbas) and launching a "special military operation" in Donbas. In the foreign policy of Russia and Turkey and acting towards the third parties, their conflicting interests and providing direct or indirect support to parties to the conflict, without a direct conflict, are often present, which shapes their specific "competitive cooperation". The engagement of Turkey and Russia in Syria has proven to be effective, both in military operations and in mediating negotiations, which has reduced the influence of the United States and NATO in this area. The crisis management model implemented in Syria has not been successful in the Libyan crisis due to the Russian more passive attitude and greater influence of the Western powers and the UN mission. The common engagement in energy and military projects and technology transfer is an indicator of cooperation focused on the industries of strategic importance. The Russian interests in the NATO non-expansion and Turkey in entering the European Union markets can also have a positive effect on the current economic, political and security position of Serbia and the countries of the region.
The manipulation of religious feelings as a determinant of social conflicts: A case study of Nigeria
Authors: Stevanović Nemanja
Published: April 2022

Historically viewed, religion has had a role to overcome social conflicts and promote peace among opposing parties. However, it has often known to transform into the role of a direct or indirect cause of some form of violence. Therefore, the subject of the research in this paper is the correlation of social conflicts and religious determinants as their causes, among which the manipulation of religious feelings has a special place. The central topic of the paper is the manipulation of religious feelings, i.e. the methods and techniques used by these subjects to recruit new soldiers of religiosity, with the ultimate goal of gaining supremacy by force over the opposing party, in this case religion. Accordingly, such relations have been analysed in the Federal Republic of Nigeria, where, in addition to Christianity and Islam, as two dominant religions, there are several other local religions that together, for decades, have been in an open conflict for supremacy. In this regard, the consideration of the historical context of this type of conflict in Nigeria should indicate the main motives in its background, goals to be achieved in this manner, as well as answers to the question of whether believers, who, according to the postulates of both religions, should always be on the path of peace, in fact are abused through individual or systemic manipulation.
Internal communications functions in military organizational systems
Authors: Kljajić Nebojša
Published: April 2022

Internal communications functions in military organizational systems are multidisciplinary, polyvalent and interconnected. The paper deals with the identification and definition of the most important functions of internal communications in military organizational systems. The paper gives an overview of each function individually and highlights their importance, respecting the complexity and all the specifics of military organizational systems. Cherishing and developing internal communications in military organizational systems is a strategic task of military leaders at all levels of command and control. Effective internal communications is a valuable investment in human resources and long-term business results. It is also a powerful shield for soldiers against rumours, numerous problems and dilemmas. Effective internal communications arms all actors in the chain of command and control with the most powerful weapons, and that is information and knowledge. Its ontological component is particularly emphasized in the paper because internal communications motivates, strengthens the soul of soldiers and is a necessary substance in developing a sense of duty and responsibility. To command and control means to communicate. Investing in internal communications is investing in the efficient functioning of military organizational systems.
Approach for determination of technology for repair welding of Excavator gears for circular motion EŠ 10/70
Authors: Avdić Sead , Džibrić Namik , Mandžukić Azur
Published: April 2022

Any breakdown and damage to the plant or machine is caused by a major existing defect in the material, welded joint, aging, corrosion, wear or overload under operating conditions. The cause can also be a bad design solution. When a plant or machine stops due to a breakdown, panic usually occurs, especially if it is vital to the production process. In most cases, a quick, even temporary solution is chosen, which usually prolongs the time of bringing the machine into proper condition. Experience has shown that such repairs should be approached professionally, conscientiously and systematically in a certain order, with increased efforts in the organization and execution of repairs. The paper presents the repair welding of teeth on the toothed shaft of the circular gear reducer of the excavator ES 10/70, in the Brown Coal Mine "Đurđevik", which operates as part of the Electric Power Industry of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Waqf Based Autism Spectrum Disorder Care Centre Framework: Adapting Typical Structure for a Public-Private Partnership
Authors: Syahrina Hayati, M. J  , Nurjannah, S.
Published: April 2022

The need for developing low cost one stop center for ASD patients is a crucial component of the growth equation between normal parents and parents with ASD children who are struggling financially. Unfortunately, the government cannot afford to spend on big investment projects for ASD’s patients due to budget limits. In addition, worldwide economic recovery is slowing down and the increasing cost of living also worsening the condition. Despite that, basic wellbeing needs should maintain a right direction growth similar the demographic growth to satisfy the ASD population’s demand. The insufficiency of fit resources brings a gap to this balancing rule by leaving the way to imbalance within the society which can put the stability of states in danger of loss, harm, or failure. Therefore, all sectors can play an important role by collaborating with the government to create partnerships in searching for enough sources. Waqf is suggested to be part of the solution for financing problems. The paper focuses on parents with ASD issues, but its conclusions are of broader interest. Institutions, public service and industries involved in ASD need to seek new configurations of collaboration and combine all available public and private experts to circumvent this financial problem.
Financial Well-Being and Job Satisfaction Among the Teachers of the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MoE)
Authors: Ismail Asmah , Abd Rahim Nordiana
Published: April 2022

Teachers’ financial well-being and job satisfaction are quintessential as teachers are the principal players entrusted in delivering knowledge. This research intended to identify the level and relationship of teachers’ financial well-being and job satisfaction in the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE). The study sample included teachers in a district in the State of Perlis. This investigation employed a financial well-being questionnaire established by the Division of Psychology and Counseling with researchers (2018) and a job satisfaction questionnaire utilising the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) introduced by Weiss, Dewis, England & Lofquit, 1967. Financial well-being instruments had an Alpha Cronbach reliability of .89, while the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Instrument (MSQ) had an Alpha Cronbach reliability of .90. The study outcomes confirmed that teachers obtained a high percentage of the level of the financial well-being of 49.5%, followed by a moderate level of 42.7% and a low level of 7.8%. As for job satisfaction, the data summarised that the teachers obtained a moderate percentage of 52.4%, followed by a low level of 32% and a high level of 15.5%. Ergo, the study’s data discovered a notable relationship between financial well-being and job satisfaction among teachers. The researcher recommended that the scope of the study sample be expanded so that it becomes more comprehensive to represent teachers throughout Malaysia. Moreover, the results could aid interventions in further enhancing teachers’ financial well-being and job satisfaction, such as formulating modules, psycho-education, and guidance. Furthermore, the research analysis could also be expanded by examining differences in variables based on study demographics, such as variations in teachers’ financial well-being based on service and grade tenure and differences in teachers’ job satisfaction based on work experience and age.
role of humour in tourism discourse
Authors: Potočnik Topler Jasna
Published: April 2022

This paper focuses on the role of humour as a persuasive tool of tourism destinations' communication and as a means of creating the destination’s image and uniqueness in tourism discourse. According to Aristotle’s appeals, humour belongs to pathos, which is - besides ethos and logos – an essential means of persuasion in successful communication. In the introductory part, the paper offers a short theoretical insight into the functions of tourism discourse and the role of humour in it, further on some examples of online promotional texts about Montenegro are analysed and discussed using discourse analysis. The results, presented in the conclusion, confirm that successful promotion can only occur through the efficient use of tourism discourse which addresses the needs of potential tourists and that humorous texts about destinations are appealing to readers. Based on the analysis, it can be established that branding of tourism destinations, products and services with elements of humour may be outstanding in positive ways, and consequently employed in promotional texts as a successful means of communication.
Ain’t that funny? A jurisprudential analysis of humour in Europe and the U.S.
Authors: Alkiviadou Natalie
Published: April 2022

This paper provides a legislative and jurisprudential comparative of European and U.S. case Law on humour. Whilst the Europe-U.S. comparison, in the ambit of expression, has been looked at extensively, there has yet to be a focus on the varying ways in which humour is treated in the two spheres.  What will become evident is the intricacy of cultivating just legal tests to be used by the judiciary in deciphering an inherently abstract theme. At the core of these tests at the European level, is a balancing exercise between the right to offend and the right to be free from offence. However, the multitude of available interpretative routes, in addition to the array of differing human responses to humour, renders such tests and their application legally fragile. This reality raises concerns vis-à-vis the fundamental right of freedom of expression and becomes particularly topical within the current digital age and the ‘polarizing dynamics of social media.’ Godioli (2020:1) The analysis will demonstrate that humour receives much greater protection in the U.S. Framework due to the First Amendment whereas the highest regional human rights court in Europe, namely the European Court of Human Rights is quick to limit humorous speech on grounds of offending others, thereby demonstrating a backsliding of the fundamental freedom of expression, including humorous expression in the region.
Antiracism in Othello sketch comedy, 1967-1999
Authors: Hamrick Stephen
Published: April 2022

Despite Shakespeare’s rejection of comic, racist stereotypes in Othello, minstrel shows offered racist blackface caricatures of slaves and others of African descent that filtered through British Music Hall and Variety to television sketch comedy. Analyses of twenty-five screened appropriations of Othello provide a cultural history of racism for 1967-1999. The article recovers an antiracist tradition overlooked in comedy studies.
Minimizing Routing Overheads in Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP); Replacing Zone Radius with Node Location Information
Authors: Ichaba Mutuma , Musau Felix
Published: April 2022

There are many routing protocols suggested for use in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Among them (the routing protocols) is the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP). ZRP uses the concept of zones to ensure that proactive activities are limited to a defined area around a node. The zone is determined by the radius (hops). By limiting a proactive zone on the radius, the transmission of data packets is made effective. However, any node that resides beyond the zone, is reachable reactively. The literature review indicates that one of the shortcomings in ZRP is the overlapping of zones. Furthermore, the exercise of determining zone radius is complicated. The overlapping of zones occurs because individual nodes and their zones are determined by a hop-count radius. Consequently, this overlapping of zones leads to increased routing overhead in ZRP. In an effort to resolve zone overlapping and thus reduce routing overheads, this study suggests the application of the Location-Aided Routing (LAR) Scheme I in the Interzone Routing Protocol (IARP) scheme of ZRP. By applying LAR Scheme 1 algorithm, the need for a hop-count-based radius is eliminated. Location information of nodes in IARP ensures that zones do not overlap, resulting in reduced routing overheads. This study simulates elementary parameters of delay, drop rates, deliver ratio, and the general throughput of ZRP based on the number of nodes, the area, and the size of the data packets. The conventional algorithm of ZRP was rendered on NS-2 and while the nodal-location enhanced ZRP algorithm on OMNET++. Simulation results suggest that the positionally enhanced ZRP algorithm minimizes zonal overlapping hence better data packets throughput, minimized delay and drop rates, and augmented data packets delivery ratio.
Influence of Foetal Origin of Posterior Cerebral Artery on Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Adhithiya Vigneshwar , Nadhamuni Kulasekaran , Hussain Mohamed Rafi Kathar , Anand AM , Amirthalingam Umamageswari , Padmanaban Elamparidhi
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Foetal origin of posterior cerebral artery is one among the common variants in the circle of willis. In case of cerebral injury due to thromboembolic stroke, the presence of foetal type of PCA may modify its severity and the territory involved. The purpose of this study is to review and to evaluate the potential clinical significance of foetal type PCA in ischaemic stroke. Aim: To analyse whether foetal PCA and its types are associated with ischaemic stroke. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted from January 2019 to January 2020 to assess the PCA in the 174 patients referred to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Brain and diagnosed as ischaemic stroke. Data was entered using Excel sheet and analysed using R v.3. 5.1. Descriptive analysis was performed followed by bivariate analysis. Results: There is no statistically significant relationship between the presence of foetal PCA and ischaemic stroke and the p-value is 0.936. Conclusion: There is no significant association of presence or absence of partial or complete type of foetal PCA with ischaemic stroke. No significant association was also found between the presence of foetal PCA and vascular territory of infarct and laterality of ischaemic stroke.
Evaluation of Doses to Target Volume and Organs at Risk by Conventional versus RTOG Contouring Based 3D Conformal Plans in Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study
Authors: Verma Prabha , Rastogi Madhup , Gandhi Ajeet Kumar , Khurana Rohini , Srivastava Anoop Kumar , Bharati Avinav , Hadi Rahat , Agarwal Niraj
Published: April 2022

Introduction: In radiotherapy, conventional field borders have often little anatomical correlation with the draining lymphatics. So, with the availability of more conformal techniques and delineation guidelines, an evident need exists to optimise our treatment plans with more focus on planning and dosimetric aspects. Aim: To evaluate the differences in dosimetric parameters to the Organs at Risk and target volumes in patients treated with conventional plans vis-à-vis Radiation Therapy Oncology Group contour guided treatment plans. Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted in which 30 patients of histopathologically proven Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) breast, with age range of 18 to 80 years were enrolled. Patients were treated with 50 Gray in 25 fractions of radiation with additional 10 Gray in 5 fractions boost in Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS) patients by conventional treatment plans. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines were used for breast/Chest Wall (CW), axillary nodes, Supraclavicular Fossa (SCF), and Internal Mammary Node (IMN) delineation. Organs At Risk (OARs) included heart, Ipsilateral (I/L) lung, Contralateral (C/L) breast, oesophagus and spinal cord. Dose-Volume Histograms (DVHs) for these contours were generated from conventional treatment plans. Further, new treatment plans were generated to cover >90% of Planning Target Volume (PTV) by 90% isodose line. DVH parameters of these two plans were compared using paired t-test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the total 30 cases, the mean volume of breast/CW PTV covered by 90% isodose line (V90) was better in RTOG plan as compared to Conventional plan (93.39 vs 90.39, p-value=0.001). Similarly, mean V90 for total axilla (97.44 vs 90.39, p-value=0.0001) and combined PTV (92.60 vs 88.81, p-value=0.0001) was better with RTOG plan. For OARs, conventional vs RTOG plans; Dmean for heart was 2.56 vs 2.60Gy, p-value=0.63), I/L lung V20Gy was 28.77 vs 28.94%, p-value=0.71) and V5Gy for C/L breast was 0.48 vs 0.54%, p-value=0.47), respectively. In cases where IMN was irradiated, mean doses to the heart, I/L lung V20Gy, and contralateral breast V5Gy increased significantly. Conclusion: The present study showed that RTOG target volumes had inadequate coverage in conventional plans. On the contrary, plans directed at RTOG contours provided statistically better coverage for target volumes without increase in the doses to the OARs. In patients with IMN irradiation, the doses to some OARs were increased in RTOG as compared to conventional plans.
Radical Surgery for Successful Management of Axillary Hidradenitis Suppurativa Complicated by Mycobacterial Infections
Authors: Saha Srinjoy
Published: April 2022

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) causes chronic inflammation around the hair follicles, leading to localised immunosuppression. Sometimes, it causes superadded Non tuberculous mycobacterial infections that require radical surgeries. After an extensive literature search, no Indian case report on this rare topic could be found, and this case report aims to fill up the void. A 28-yearold female presented with recurrent ulcers over her left axilla, which were refractory to medical treatments and surgeries for the last 5 years. Earlier, she had received a 6 month course of antitubercular drugs after Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) were found on pus examination. When the ulcers recurred afterward, she was empirically diagnosed as Non tuberculous mycobacterial infection in Thailand and treated with appropriate antibiotics for 3 months. However, multiple ulcers in new areas recurred over her axilla about a month after her treatment schedule was completed. To achieve complete surgical cure, radical excision of all the tracts, fistulae, and sinuses over her axilla was performed under ultrasound guidance. Wide excision resulted in a significant axillary defect that was reconstructed with large advancement flaps aided by progressive tension sutures. Postoperatively, a 7 year follow-up period of the patient was disease-free with the patient taking all necessary precautions. After 7 years, the affected axilla appeared nearnormal with some areas of stretched scars that did not bother the patient. To conclude, HS with Non tuberculous mycobacteria is rare, and a proper antimicrobial therapy with early en bloc excision under ultrasound guidance produced a complete cure.
РАЗРАБОТКА МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОГО АППАРАТА ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧИ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ НАСТРОЙКИ ПРОГРАММНЫХ СРЕДСТВ КЛАСТЕРИЗАЦИИ И РАЗМЕЩЕНИЯ ПОЛЬЗОВАТЕЛЬСКИХ СХЕМ НА ПЛИС, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Эннс В.И. , Гаврилов С.В. , Чочаев Р.Ж.
Published: April 2022

Стремление повысить эффективность реализации пользовательских проектов привело к появлению гетерогенных специализированных программируемых интегральных схем (ПЛИС) и реконфигурируемых систем на кристалле (СнК). Отличительной особенностью таких интегральных схем (ИС) является наличие в библиотеке базисных подсхем готовых сложно-функциональных блоков наряду со стандартными элементами. Проектирование подобных специализированных конфигурируемых гетерогенных ИС требует сменяемости конструкторских и технологических решений, что приводит к необходимости автоматической настройки программных средств размещения и кластеризации пользовательских схем. Для проектирования эффективных методов и алгоритмов настройки САПР была разработана теоретико-множественная математическая модель иерархического проекта, определены ключевые параметры базового кристалла, влияющие на полноту и эффективность реализаций пользовательских схем в ПЛИС, формализованы задачи кластеризации и размещения с применением теории графов, математической логики и теории множеств.
Optional Subject and Students’ Academic Performance of Class IX in Samdrupcholing Dungkhag
Authors: Nesor Meg Raj
Published: April 2022

A study was conducted to determine student’s preferences and factor influencing the choice of optional subject, to find which student perform better and mainly to analyze the effect of the optional subject on performances in Schools of Samdrupcholing Dungkhag. The survey method was used to collect data through a structured questionnaire survey. There was 220 student studying in class IX. The study showed that Class IX students generally preferred Computer Application subject. The main factors that influence the choice of an optional subject were interest on the subject followed by future career, an influence of seniors, teachers, and schools. The descriptive analysis showed that Economic student performs better than Computer Application and Environmental Science taking student. To make concrete findings on which student perform better further statistical test is required. The moderation analysis indicated significant interaction effect of Computer Application subject on performance and gender (p = .03), student type (p < .001), Day school (p = .001) and Central school (p = .07). Economic subject showed significant interaction effect on performances and parent involvement in students’ academic (p = .04), parents’ qualification (p = .004), and Central school (p = .009). Environmental Science subject showed a significant effect on performances and student type (p = .001), Day school (p = .002) and boarding school (p = .02). There is a need for further inquiry and study to include the factors like teachers, assessment mode, socio-economic factor and more to analyze the effect.
Antibiotic Residues in Waste Impacted Surface Waters from Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Olarinmoye Oluwatosin , O. Whenu Olusegun , Awe F. A.
Published: April 2022

In the past few decades, there has been increasing interest and concern about the environmental presence of human and veterinary pharmaceutically active chemicals (PHACs). and the implication of such on ecosystem health at organismal and population levels This study was conceived, to identify and quantify the concentrations of an important sub-group i.e., the pharmaceuticals. Which have been shown to have ecological implications on various aquatic life-forms. In surface water bodies in Lagos Nigeria.

Study Design: water specimens taken from six locations in the city of Lagos in Nigeria were analysed using SPE coupled with tandem LC/MS.

Place and Duration of Study: The project, split site collaboration. Spanned a period of nine months between 30.09.2013 to 30.04.2014. Analysis of water specimens was done at the IWW Water Centre. Mulheim, Germany.

Methodology: Analysis of water samples were carried out by IWW Water Centre, Mulheim, Germany according to published guidelines or validated in-house methods. Waters Acquity ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-TQD/PDA and UPLC-TQS) (Milford) was used to carry out LC-MS/MS analyses. For GC-MS analyses an Agilent GC-MS system (6890 GC and 5973 MSD single quadrupole mass analyzer was used.

Results: In surface water samples, 12 pharmaceutical agents were detected. Of these Six antibiotics, Viz: Chloramphenicol,Erythromycin,Erythromycin-A dehydrate,Sulfadiazine, and Sulphaamethoxazole.

Trimetoprim were detected out of thirteen screened for, at environmentally significant concentrations.

Conclusion: This study has established the precence and locational prevalence of primary antibiotic and antibiotic degradates in surface waters in Lagos, Nigeria More studies are required to investigate the ecological implications of such presences.
Research on Mathematical Intuitive Imagination Literacy in China
Authors: Meng Yanyun , Yang Zezhong
Published: April 2022

In the process of discovering, formulating, analyzing, and solving problems, intuitive imagination is always an essential part, which is the thinking basis for exploring and forming argumentative ideas, conducting mathematical reasoning, and constructing abstract structures. It plays a vital role in students’ innovative consciousness and practical ability. Thus mathematical intuitive imagination literacy has become a focus in educational research. By its relevant research findings in China, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Previous research on mathematical intuitive imagination literacy mainly focused on five aspects: connotation, the academic profile of high school students, influencing factors, cultivation strategies, and evaluation methods. (2) Among them, connotation, the academic profile of high school students, and cultivation strategies of mathematical intuitive imagination literacy are the hot topics of current research. (3) In terms of research methods, scholars mainly used test questions, questionnaires, or interviews to investigate the academic profile of students, and most of them used theoretically critical thinking to analyze the influencing factors and cultivation strategies. (4) Previous research adopted a single research method and lacked empirical research; besides, the research on the influencing factors is not systematic and comprehensive enough. Meanwhile, the research conclusions on the cultivation strategies lack feasibility. Therefore, to find out more comprehensive influencing factors and more operable cultivation strategies, it is necessary to improve the research method further and conduct more in-depth and systematic research on the influencing factors of mathematical intuitive imagination literacy from an empirical perspective.