bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEADERSHIP AND SELF-HELP GROUPS IN NIGERIA - IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
Authors: OFUOKU Albert Ukaro , AGBAMU Joseph Unuetara
Published: October 2015

This study was conducted in Nigeria´s Delta Central Agricultural Zone to determine the effectiveness of the leadership of farmers' self-help groups. Seven of the 27 registered farmers groups were randomly selected. Ten percent of the members of each selected group were also randomly selected, resulting in 68 respondents. Primary data were collected with the use of questionnaires and direct interview, while secondary data were collected from the records of the selected farmers' groups. Data were subjected to statistical analysis by using mean derived from 4-point Likert-type scale, frequency counts and percentages. The hypotheses were addressed with the use of Spearman's rank order correlation. Leadership was rated low in qualities of leaders although the leaders have been found to be fairly effective for some aspects: creating access to credit, organizing groups for price determination and direct sale of produce to consumers. The members' participation in meetings was irregular. The implication for extension delivery service is that regular training should be organized for the leadership of farmers groups.
TRAINING NEEDS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS IN SENEGAL
Authors: AGUNGA Robert , NDIAYE Amadou , IGODAN Chris O.
Published: October 2015

Agricultural extension in Senegal is critical to increasing agricultural production among the nation's smallholder farmers who make up 60 percent of the country's 14 million population. The paper argues that whereas the Government has recognized the importance of an integrated rural development approach to holistic development and urges extension workers to become development facilitators it fails to recognize the importance of providing these agents with training in development and communication, otherwise known as “Communication for Development” (C4D). Therefore, the authors urge the government to introduce C4D training for extension workers as an innovative strategy for improving extension effectiveness in Senegal.
MEMANTAPKAN HISTORIOGRAFI MASJID TUA KAMPUNG LAUT MELALUI ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN DENGAN MASJID AGUNG DEMAK
Authors: Nangkula Utaberta Mastor Surat,
Published: October 2015

The importance of this research is to ensconce the historiography of Masjid Tua Kampung Laut through data collection, observation, analysis and comparative study on ancient mosques at Malay World with emphasis on Masjid Agung Demak situated at Jawa Tengah Province. Both mosques have similar characteristics on typology but have different histories. The historiography of Masjid Tua Kampung Laut is related to the spread of Islam to the whole Malay World especially at Jawa Island and Champa, however until today has no cross research been done to correlate the historiography of the three places. Eventhough Masjid Tua Kampung Laut has a unique history, not much research and writing have been done about it. So far, most of the writings on the mosque are done by Abd. Rahman Al-Ahmadi, students of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Abdullah Mohamed (Nakula) and Salleh Mohd. Akib. These researchs and writings were made based on heresay and laymen observation to the surviving structure. Therefore, this research is made with the intention to enrich and develop intellectual discourse in the aspect of traditional Malay architecture especially on the development of Muslim architecture of Malay World. The scope of this research is focused on site survey with critical and analytic observation, verbal information by the local communities and literature reviews. From the gathered information, a theoretical framework is developed concurrent with the rising of new issues which all the while have not been discussed in a proper systematic way especially on the aspects of design approach and construction tradition of both mosques. Besides that, the ealiest theories on the origin, architectural approach and construction aspects were intepereted in different perspectives. The outcome of this research will provide a clearer overview on architectural development of the earlier Muslims in the Malay World.
ANALISIS BIAYA PROJEK KONSTRUKSI DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SYARIAH
Authors: Sedayu Agung
Published: October 2015

The monetary circulation in construction projects is very important to be analyse and evaluated from the perspective of islamic law. This is so because most construction companies were indicated practicing some methods which have no basis in Islam. Some of them are even legally done some practice which considered as forbidden in Islam, such as dishonesty, manipulations, and injustice acts. Moreover, in Indonesia most of construction companies are using a foreign method from the former collonial government. The methods are found to be generating conflicts between persons in the project, and therefore could damage the social relationship of human being. BOW Analysis, and SNI which developed from BOW are still used in Indonesia. Those methods are not able yet to stand for some essential human rights, especially for the projects’ labor. The same condition happens too in the modern-world analysis which have coeffecients in determining worker fee, such as Weibull Analysis. This very sophisticated analysis is unable to answer the economic problems of society. All these methods were developed under the capitalistic framework which only intended to obtain more individual benefit, without considering the loss resulted to other people’s lives. Labor’s payment is very low in this capitalistic construction analysis. They are assumed similar to machines and equipments which has a range of productivity. If they became unproductive after some period of time, they can be thrown easily without considering their lives needs. On the other side, economic system in Islamic law is provided with some solutions to answer all social and economical problems in the society. Shariah economic and management system which is applied in a construction corporation’s system analysis and accountancy will bring great advantages, whether for its labor and company, or for society in general. Within the shariah construction management, all parties will reach Allah’s blessing and gain benefits in both worldly life and the hereafter.
IMPLEMENTASI AL-QUR’AN DAN AL-HADITS PADA ARSITEKTUR ANDALUSIA
Authors: Pramono Andi
Published: October 2015

Al-Quran is the final revelation that guide human’s life, not only for Muslims, but also for non-Muslim people. Meanwhile, al-Hadith contains explanations from the Prophet Muhammad pbuh about the Qur'an. Both of them provide the way of life for the whole mankind, not only in the interests of the afterlife, but also in the worldly life. Architecture as one of a human worldly need should also reflect on the values within the Qur’an and Hadith. One of the values that related to architecture is the beauty. This paper aims to show the implementations of the Qur’an and Hadith in the beauty aspect of Islamic architecture in Andalucia.
TIPOLOGI RUANG DAN WUJUD ARSITEKTUR MASJID TRADISIONAL KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Aufa Naimatul
Published: October 2015

These days, many researches on traditional architecture of South Kalimantan focus merely on traditional settlements and houses. Particularly, the research on places of worship has been conducted in small numbers, and it is sometimes never publicized, especially in scientific magazine or journal. Meanwhile, the construction of some new mosques in South Kalimantan has no longer concerned the local architecture. This research alone aims to attain architecture’s entity as the place of worship for the people of South Kalimantan, especially for Banjarese Tribe as the majority in South Kalimantan. Traditional Banjarese Tribe is known as an islamic tribe. They used to be called Dayak Tribe since they had faith in traditional religions such as animism and dynamism. As Muslim people, they perform their prayers in a place of worship called mesigid (mosque). The research applies the method of case study. Based on the result of field and literature study, the architecture entity of Banjarese’s place of worship has some specific features that are different from other mosques in other regions. From the analyses, it can be concluded that the traditional mosques of South Kalimantan have three kinds of room, which are palataran, praying area, and mihrab (a chamber indicating the direction of Mecca). Palataran is the porch or the terrace surrounding the mosque, while the praying area and mihrab are rectangular. Traditional mosques in South Kalimantan have their own entity which is formed by the plan of praying area and mihrab, as well as their three layered-roof. The roof in these mosques has a sharp angle (60o) and an acute angle (20o). Furthermore, the overall entity of the mosque symbolizes hayat tree (Dayak Tribe), and the ornaments (pataka/patala) found on the roof top is a symbol of hornbill. Both symbols are the symbols of identity and mythology of Dayak Tribe.
AN ARCHITECT CAN BE A DA’I
Authors: Sarker Kamal Uddin
Published: October 2015

Islam is a religion with complete code of life where all functions of personal, social, national, and international are well defined with the holy Quran, Sunnah, Ijma’, Qiyas and the lifestyle of  Muhammad saw and his followers of that time. A Muslim can not but follow the rules and regulation of his life. Moreover, it is ever modern and modern so forth, only need to cautious in implementation the adaptability of invention of science. Architecture is a structure which has been carrying history century to century as well as creating links between generation to generation. In this paper I have tried to show how can architecture reflect Islamic life, and how can an architect became da’i by his creation or design.

 

Keywords: Islamic architecture, da’i, architect
PERMUKIMAN KUMUH, SEBUAH KEGAGALAN PEMENUHAN ASPEK PERMUKIMAN ISLAMI
Authors: Handryant Aisyah Nur
Published: October 2015

As a social being, interaction with others is one of human’s essential needs. These interaction and socialization in a society is often conducted in a settlement. A settlement as a community ecosystem has an important role in shaping people’s characters in a society. The condition of settlement can be an indication of the condition of its community. On the other hand, Islam as a rahmatan lil 'alamin religion actually provides its followers a set of values on islamic aspects in  the house and settlement. Islam gives some lessons of how a house could become not only as a gathering place for family members, but could also be a place of education and learning for  its  inhabitants.  Islam  also  gives us lessons of  how a house is  closely related to its settlement  and environment, and how every elements in a house should be in harmony and unity with its social and natural environment. This paper tries to analyze many aspects of slums based on some aspects of islamic housing. The deficiencies and problems found in slums are expected as a consideration in the future efforts to overcome the problems holistically and integrally.

 

Keywords: Slum, islamic settlement, house
THE EMERGENCE AND EVOLUTION OF ARABESQUE AS A MULTICULTURAL STYLISTIC FUSION IN ISLAMIC ART: THE CASE OF TURKISH ARCHITECTURE
Authors: M. Arif Kamal Murat Cetin,
Published: October 2015

This paper elucidates the emergence and evolution of arabesque with specific reference to  the case of arabesque in Turkish art and architecture. It is argued here that arabesque is a fusion of styles rather than a pure and homogenous style. Furthermore, the paper aims to show that although the arabesque style appears to be a fanciful and freely organized manner of artistic treatment it is based on a very complex mathematical logic which is expressed through abstractionism. In this context, the grammar of geometry is elaborately used in the  implementation  of abstraction. Here, general characteristics as well as different modes or  types  of arabesque are discussed. Starting with the etymological roots of the term, the  history of its use in the literature  is  explored  through  the  paper. After  the  inquiry  of  its  material  and  pragmatic  aspects,  the development of the arabesque style is evaluated with regard to its transformations that took place along with its injection to Anatolia and mixing with Turkish culture. Finally, the morphological character of this fusion is put forward.

 

Keyword: Morphological character, geometry, fusion of styles, arabesque
ANALYZING ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE VISUAL QUALITY IN BUSHEHR CITY; CASE STUDY: RELIGIOUS SPACE KAZERUNI BARHAH (HOSSEINIYE)
Authors: Alalhesabi Mehran , Hosseini Seyyed Bagher , Nassabi Fatemeh , Sedhpour Bahram Saleh
Published: October 2015

Islamic architecture can be studied from different aspects. This paper introduces a religious place in Bushehr city of Iran, a  Bahrah or Hosseiniye that is used in especial religious ceremony and was built a century ago and after recent renovations is still in use and applicable. The research tries to quantify and analyze its  visual quality as an important quality in the built environment with a tool called isovist in Syntax 2D software. In this study isovist indexes of six different spaces have been evaluated in this. The research shows interesting findings of spatial form and location and its visibility; for example it shows that spaces with circulation role have more visibility also spaces of the higher floor show higher visibility than the ground floor.  

Keywords:  Visibility analysis, Syntax2D, religious space, isovist, Barhah
ISLAMIC IDENTITY VERSUS CITY/PLACE BRANDING
Authors: Mandour M. Alaa
Published: October 2015

Is a brand a product, a service, or a company? Is it a logo, a marketing strategy or an attitude? As globalization intensifies, places increasingly compete with other places for attention, influence, markets, investments, businesses, visitors, residents, talent and events. And competition is no longer restricted to the well-known places down the road, over the hill or across the water. Places now compete with cities, regions and countries halfway around the world. Places are increasingly getting caught off guard by unpredicted and apparently rapid shifts in competition and abruptly lose their historic purpose or their competitive edge, be it economic, social or cultural. Culture fills our cities, regions, nations and even our rural landscapes with spiritual content. Our places are an expression of who we are and what we value and they are ruthless in projecting the bad
alongside the good. In its widest sense culture includes art, design, education, science, religion and sport. In the context of place branding it is the manifestation of our beliefs, values, customs and behaviors. Merging culture to brand within our city tissue is an essential part of the morphology within its spaces. This paper is trying to discuss the contribution of Islamic culture to a place brand; Relationship between culture and identity, image, visual identity etc. in the context of place branding; Impact of culture on brand equity; Developing cultural brand assets to brand places and how should we value and evaluate culture in the context of place branding?  Also will try to find answers to the following: Do we have a precise understanding of how Islamic culture adds value to or devalues a place? Do we have a methodology for capturing the value of our Islamic culture to places? And, can this culture be developed with the intent to create better places and place brands?   
KEINDAHAN DAN ORNAMENTASI DALAM PERSPEKTIF ARSITEKTUR ISLAM
Authors: Atik Hosiah Yulia Eka Putrie,
Published: October 2015

This study discusses about the Islamic view from al-Quran and al-Hadith about beauty and its application in the form of architectural ornamentation of the building. This is done to obtain the basic philosophical as well as corridors for the implementation of the beauty in the building, as well as to restore the function of ornamentation itself. Of this study obtained an understanding that displayed beauty should still consider the values of Islam, namely the value of the benefit, harm avoidance, tauhid, cleanliness, and so forth. Between the harm to be avoided in the ornamentation of the mosque is a tendency to exaggerate (mubadzir), depiction of animate beings, disturbance of concentration, intention to brag, luxury, causing difficulty in maintaining cleanliness in the future, and so forth. The expression of beauty can also be done through simplicity, moderation, harmony with nature, concern for human needs and society, and conformity with the rules set by God Almighty and His Messenger.  

Keywords:  Ornamentation, mosque, islamic architecture, beauty
THE APPLICATION OF ISLAMIC VALUE AND REGIONALISM IN THE REDESIGN OF ZAINUL HASAN GENGGONG BOARDING SCHOOL IN PROBOLINGGO INDONESIA
Authors: Rozan Nur , Setiyowati Ernaning , Wismantara Pudji Pratitis
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Zainul Hasan Genggong boarding school is an islamic and public school. The school has been existed from many years ago in a lack design. The amount of the room also need to be added. That is why the redesign of this building should be done. The redesign of the school have an objective to improve and develop the education quality. The design theme used in the new design is reinvigorating tradition from Pendhalungan culture. There are some islamic values in Pendhalungan culture and tradition, i.e. Ma’iyyah (togetherness) concept, modest concept, and not  excessive concept. The three islamic concept together with the Pendhalungan culture atmosphere are showed into the whole aspect of the new design, including site, room, and the building form.

 

Keywords:  boarding school, Pendhalungan, reinvigorating tradition

 

 

Abstrak

Pondok pesantren Zainul Hasan Genggong merupakan pendidikan islam yang juga mengajarkan pendidikan umum. Pondok pesantren ini sudah berdiri sejak beberapa tahun yang lalu dengan masih banyak kekurangan desain. Jumlah kamar juga masih perlu ditambah. Karena itulah diperlukan perancangan kembali bangunan ini. perancangan kembali memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan dan mengembangkan kualitas pendidikan. Tema rancangan  yang  digunakan  untuk  desain  yang  baru  ini  adalah  reinvigorating  tradition dari  budaya Pendhalungan. Di dalam budaya Pendhalungan terdapat nilai-nilai islam, antara lain konsep Ma’iyyah (kebersamaan), konsep kesederhanaan, dan konsep tidak berlebih-lebihan. Ketiga konsep islam tersebut bersama dengan suasana Pendhalungan ditunjukkan ke dalam seluruh aspek perancangan baru, termasuk ke dalam desain tapak, ruang, dan bentuk bangunan.

 

Kata kunci:  pondok pesantren, Pendhalungan, reinvigorating tradition
THE FIQH OF THE IMAM AND CONGREGATION POSITION AS DESIGN GUIDELINES IN DESIGNING A VERTICAL MOSQUE
Authors: Khamdevi Muhammar
Published: October 2015

Abstract

In the books of hadeeth and fiqh, it has been narrated many instructions about the imam and congregation position, especially about the position between the imam and the congregation and about the farthest and highest distance of the last row. Suprisingly, if we look closely, these lead us to the possibility in designing a vertical mosque. That is important to address the problem of urban sprawl, where the buildings would have to be directed vertically to solve urban density and to avoid further loss of urban green space. But, is there any high restriction in the hadeeth and the fiqh? Would it be opposed to other hadeeths about the warning of vying to build a magnificent tall mosque? This paper discussed about the possibility in designing a vertical mosque in terms of islamic fiqh and architecture. The research aimed to create a design guideline for vertical mosque and to correct some misconceptions in designing a mosque. This research used a qualitative method, namely literature review. The outcome of this research is the guidelines in designing a vertical mosque.

Keywords: Fiqh, Islamic Architecture, Imam and Congregation, Mosque

 

 

Abstrak

Dalam buku-buku hadits dan fiqh banyak diriwayatkan petunjuk-petunjuk mengenai posisi imam dan jamaah, terutama tentang posisi antara imam dan jamaah dan tentang jarak terjauh dan tertinggi dari baris shaf terakhir. Ternyata jika dicermati, ini membawa kita kepada kemungkinan dalam merancang sebuah masjid vertikal. Hal ini sangat penting untuk menjawab masalah urban sprawl, di mana bangunan harus diarahkan secara vertikal untuk mengatasi kepadatan kota dan menghindari kehilangan lebih lanjut dari ruang terbuka hijau. Tapi, apakah ada pembatasan tingginya pada hadits dan fiqh? Apakah itu akan bertentangan dengan hadits lain mengenai peringatan berlomba membangun masjid mewah dan tinggi? Makalah  ini membahas kemungkinan dalam merancang sebuah masjid vertikal dari segi fiqh islam dan arsitektur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat pedoman desain untuk masjid vertikal dan memperbaiki beberapa anggapan salah dalam  merancang  masjid.  Penelitian  ini  menggunakan  metode  kualitatif,  yakni  literatur  review.  Hasil penelitian ini adalah berupa pedoman desain dalam merancang sebuah masjid vertikal.

 
 Kata Kunci: Fiqh, Arsitektur Islam, Imam dan Jamaah, Masjid
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THREE COURTYARDS OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES IN ISLAMIC CAIRO
Authors: Wazeri Yehia Hassan
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Direct  solar radiation  is considered  the most  important  climatic  element,  which  has direct  and indirect

influences on designing buildings and open spaces. In hot arid regions, like Cairo, the main aim is to reduce the

heat load in summer, and to maximize it in winter. The aim of the present comparative study is to determine the shaded area and the quantity of direct solar radiation (on 21 June & 21 December) fall on walls, floors and openings of three courtyards in traditional Islamic houses in old Cairo. For this purpose a network of three traditional courtyards houses has been selected in old Islamic Cairo. The first is Zaynab Khatun house (built

1468AD), the second is Gamal Al-Din Al-Dahaby (built 1637AD), and the third is Es-Sinnari house (built 1794AD).

Key words: courtyards; traditional houses; Islamic Cairo.

 

 

Abstrak

Radiasi  matahari  langsung  merupakan  elemen  iklim  yang  paling  penting  untuk  dipertimbangkan  dalam

perancangan, baik yang memberikan pengaruh langsung maupun tidak langsung pada perancangan bangunan

dan ruang terbuka. Di daerah kering dan panas, seperti halnya Cairo, beban panas di musim panas dikurangi dan dimaksimalkan di musim dingin. Tujuan dari penelitian yang menggunakan tiga studi banding ini adalah untuk menentukan daerah yang teduh dan melihat jumlah radiasi matahari langsung pada tanggal 21 Juni dan

21 Desember, yang mengenai  pada dinding, lantai dan bukaan  yang bersumber dari halaman rumah tradisional Islam di kota tua Kairo. Untuk itu, telah dipilih tiga rumah tradisional di Kairo yang memiliki halaman yaitu rumah Zaynab Khatun yang dibangun pada 1468AD, kedua rumah Gamal Al-Din Al-Dahaby yang dibangun pada

1637AD, dan yang ketiga adalah rumah Es-Sinnari yang dibangun pada 1794AD.

 
 Kata kunci: halaman, rumah-rumah tradisional, Islam Kairo.
THE SPIRITUAL SEARCH OF ART OVER ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE WITH NON-FIGURATIVE REPRESENTATIONS
Authors: Ahmed Ar Sayed
Published: October 2015

Art behind Islamic architecture actually based on geometric patterns, developed through a continuous practice
over the centuries after centuries by the influences of various earlier cultures such as Greek, Roman,
Byzantine, Central Asian and Persian. Basic shapes like squares and rectangles play significant role in Islamic
architecture.The reason is, it might recall the principles that govern the order of the world- ‘Purity’, could
only be resembled by pure forms. The façades built by rectangular bricks tend to shape the built form in
regular modules. This brickwork casts shadows in strong desert sunlight and creates a three-dimensional effect
as light is welcoming message from the Devine source, as it is regarded in all religions. In addition, various
pointed starry patterns are common practice and get extremely complex when the outer points are joined
together and intersections are connected in a systematic way. Another mode is based on organism of floral
forms which recalls the feminine nature of life giving. Again, nobody will argue about the contribution of
calligraphy is the most patronized art for decoration. Why have Islamic world choose this universal phenomena?
As Allah’s creation is pre-decided, the credit of all creativity belongs to the almighty. Also to his messenger,
the holy prophet; who taught us to think in this way. The world is only a shadow of real world; here man is on a
bewildered search. May be their firm belief; what man can perceive, can only discover the geometric forms to
constitute designs which were already existed before in the ‘real world’. Discovered geometric forms,
therefore, tries to exemplify that perfect reality because creation of Allah has been obscured by the sins of
mankind- Art of the complete surrender.
“ALADDIN” FROM ARABIAN NIGHTS TO DISNEY: THE CHANGE OF DISCOURSE AND IDEOLOGY
Authors: Rahayu Mundi , Abdullah Irwan , Udasmoro Wening
Published: October 2015

This study compares the folktale “The Story of Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp” from the Arabian Nights, and the animated film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation under the title “Aladdin” (1992). The differences of those two stories in two different medias shows the shifts of ideology and discourse. The study applies Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, by applying the three stages of analysis.  The first level is micro level, on the language practice. In the second level, mezo level, discusses the discourse practice that covers the intertextuality of ideas, concept as the reference in delivering the ideas. In the third level, macro level, it interprets the social context of   particular events, especially the social practice in exercising their power. The finding shows that the Disney’s Aladdin campaigns ideology that refers to the American values such as freedom and American heroism. Besides, the discourse of Arab barbarism is developed in line with the practice of   stereotyping such as labeling the Arab people as barbaric, bad, silly and wicked as well as dangerous Arabs. These imply to the removals of the Islamic messages and values that exists in the original tales of Arabian Nights. The Disney’s Aladdin completely removes the Islamic messages and values, and changes them into ‘American values’.
DIRASAH AL-USLUB WA AL-USLUBIYAH FI NAQD AL-ARABY
Authors: Ibrahim Ali Habibullah Ali
Published: October 2015

In this study, we addressed method and style in Arabic criticism. By the efforts of Arab critics of old and new issue, the subjects of study were as follows: First, the stylistic origins. It means a stylistic in linguistic and rhetoric and literary criticism and other related; Second, analysis of stylistic levels where we focus on stylistic study premises for literary texts; Third, a study of the method in the old Arab criticism, in this part of the study, we noted some efforts by Arab critics about stylistic and their relevance studies in this stylistic aspect; Fourth, the stylistic of contemporary Arab criticism. This aspect of the survey stood at some critics of contemporary Arab studies in Stylistics, as stated what distinguishes each study than other studies. It is included as an appendix in whale most important results achieved in this study.
PRAGMATIK; KONSEP DASAR MEMAHAMI KONTEKS TUTURAN
Authors: Abdurrahman Abdurrahman
Published: October 2015

Pragmatics is a linguistics branch which maintains the use of context in understanding and produces speech. It is used to develop principles of work relationship and politeness in communication process, therefore, the aim of communication can be gained effectively. This context itself has relationship with culture which is different from one society to another society.
BI’AH ARABIYAH DAN PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA
Authors: Thonthowi Thonthowi
Published: October 2015

One of the obstacles in foreign language acquisition, including the Arabic is the minimal level of acquisition the students get. This is presumably caused by the unfavorable environment for the students to be accustomed to use the language, that encourages them to be learner-independent. For this reason, the education institution needs to develop boarding school to build the Arabic environment as an active and innovative in the process of language learning. There are some favorable factors as contributing to the language learning process and there are some other unfavorable factors hampering it. However, by involving any party and optimize the school environment, the language acquisition of the students can be optimized.
FEMINISM IN SINCLAIR LEWIS’ MAIN STREET
Authors: Syamsuddin Syamsuddin
Published: October 2015

Tulisan ini mendiskusikan tentang masalah feminisme di tengah masyarakat Amerika di era industri pada akhir abad sembilan belas melalui novel Main Street  karya Siclair Lewis. Pembacaan terhadap novel ini menunjukkan bahwa di penghujung akhir abad sembilan belas wanita Amerika mengalami diskriminasi dan tersubordinasi. Novel ini menyuarakan persamaan kedudukan antara kaum laki-laki dan perempuan di tengah kehidupan sosial.
“THE DESTINY OF A GOOD LISTENER?” A DECONSTRUCTIVE READING OF A SHORT STORY NASIB SEORANG PENDENGAR SETIA BY JUJUR PRANANTO
Authors: Akun Andreas
Published: October 2015

A literary text is open to signification process by any readers and it is just possible that the text has contesting forces that are at the same time contradictory each other even within the same text. This study attempts to deconstructively read a short story Nasib Seorang Pendengar Setia by Jujur Prananto to reveal the contradiction, inconsistency and unreliability of the text that evidently constitute the warring forces inside the story. This is a library research by applying deconstructive reading method as proposed by Jacques Derrida to show the verbal, textual and linguistic ambiguity and unreliability of the text. The result of the study shows that the short story in the light of deconstructive reading is undoubtedly containing quite many contradictions and inconsistencies that climax in the fact that the content of the story betrays its intended main idea and the title.
DEWA RUCI: SEBUAH ALTERNATIF SISTEM PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Isnaniah Siti
Published: October 2015

The Dewa Ruci story tells us about Bratasena’s travel in finding the true life. On the way, he should obey to Durna, who is a controversial teacher and as the enemy of the Pandawa family. Along his journey, Bratasena encounters many obstacles and it makes him find out his mature, and deeper understanding of himself. Finally, Bratasena succeeds in discovering the life perfections. It is due to his loyalty to teacher, institution, and his profession. This story could be used as a reference in the education system. As an education instrument, wayang purwa offers values on teaching that could be applied by teachers. Nowadays, the puppet shows can be presented in various innovations. One of the innovation forms of Dewa Ruci Purwa Puppet played by Ki Manteb Soedharsono is packaged in the form of video compact disc including the Indonesian and English text. Dewa Ruci Purwa Puppet gives benefit to students, teachers, parents, societies, also government. Students can learn the story of Bratasena in finding the true life, the parents can learn from Dewi Kunthi the way she educates her children, and the government can improve education system by applying the values implied in the story. The education system can imitate Bratasena’s independence in finding science to get the best achievement by maintaining the motivations and the instruction of the teacher.
QUESTIONING FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING IN ISLAMIC PRE-SCHOOL
Authors: Indah Rohmani Nur
Published: October 2015

This paper questions the urgency of foreign language learning at early age by covering some arguments on the acquisition and bilingualism. Nowadays in Indonesia, under the interest of education, bilingual learning is undertaken by adopting the theory of bilingual acquisition referring to Chomsky’s ideas. In fact, the foreign language learning is not always in line with the principle of language acquisition especially for the early age children. The globalization era requires foreign language mastery so that for many institutions of children education have got the bilingual learning. As the example, some of Islamic educational institutions at the level of playgroup have applied the instruction in English and teaching Arabic words, by considering that the earlier foreign language learning is the better, and the fact that the golden age of brain development occurs at the first five years. This needs to be analyzed further, because there is also important task to have mother tongue language acquisition. For the community of multilingual such as in Indonesia, the acquisition of many languages is unavoidable. Therefore, parents are faced with two choices: To prior the mother tongue and bahasa Indonesia as second language or encourage the bilingual learning of Arabic and English.
A global perspective on wetland salinization: ecological consequences of a growing threat to freshwater wetlands
Authors: Herbert Ellen R. , Boon Paul , Burgin Amy J. , Neubauer Scott C. , Franklin Rima B. , Ardón Marcelo , Hopfensperger Kristine N. , Lamers Leon P. M. , Gell Peter
Published: October 2015

Salinization, a widespread threat to the structure and ecological functioning of inland and coastal wetlands, is currently occurring at an unprecedented rate and geographic scale. The causes of salinization are diverse and include alterations to freshwater flows, land‐clearance, irrigation, disposal of wastewater effluent, sea level rise, storm surges, and applications of de‐icing salts. Climate change and anthropogenic modifications to the hydrologic cycle are expected to further increase the extent and severity of wetland salinization. Salinization alters the fundamental physicochemical nature of the soil‐water environment, increasing ionic concentrations and altering chemical equilibria and mineral solubility. Increased concentrations of solutes, especially sulfate, alter the biogeochemical cycling of major elements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, and silica. The effects of salinization on wetland biogeochemistry typically include decreased inorganic nitrogen removal (with implications for water quality and climate regulation), decreased carbon storage (with implications for climate regulation and wetland accretion), and increased generation of toxic sulfides (with implications for nutrient cycling and the health/functioning of wetland biota). Indeed, increased salt and sulfide concentrations induce physiological stress in wetland biota and ultimately can result in large shifts in wetland communities and their associated ecosystem functions. The productivity and composition of freshwater species assemblages will be highly altered, and there is a high potential for the disruption of existing interspecific interactions. Although there is a wealth of information on how salinization impacts individual ecosystem components, relatively few studies have addressed the complex and often non‐linear feedbacks that determine ecosystem‐scale responses or considered how wetland salinization will affect landscape‐level processes. Although the salinization of wetlands may be unavoidable in many cases, these systems may also prove to be a fertile testing ground for broader ecological theories including (but not limited to): investigations into alternative stable states and tipping points, trophic cascades, disturbance‐recovery processes, and the role of historical events and landscape context in driving community response to disturbance.
Resistances to Critical Thinking About Brain Shrinking 1955–2015
Authors: Whitaker Leighton C.
Published: October 2015

Why do we in the United States rely increasingly on psychiatric medications despite increasing evidence that they do more harm than help? The author offers historical perspective by noting events and his experiences in our mental health system from the 1950s to the present, with some clinical and judicial reform efforts, including the right to refuse treatment cases. Then, focusing on advertising and public relations leads to seeing a parallel between the commercial success of the tobacco industry and that of the psychiatric drug industry, using the power of propaganda in crucial marketing strategies for supporting the dominance of pharmaceutical treatments relative to psychosocial approaches.
Improving Maternity Practices and Working Toward Baby-Friendly in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Kendall-Tackett Kathleen
Published: October 2015

Hangzhou is a city of 21 million on the coast of Eastern China. The Hangzhou AIMA Maternity Hospital invited me to spend a week training staff and teaching new parents about depression and breastfeeding. This is a private maternity hospital that serves both international and Chinese
clientele. Many of the parents had basic questions about labor, breastfeeding, and postpartum. This article describes some of the programs the hospital put into place to increase breastfeeding, lower their cesarean section rate, and now, address postpartum depression.
Extreme Cobalt Toxicity: Bearing the Brunt of a Failed Ceramic Liner
Authors: Griffiths Jamie , Colvin Alison , Yates Piers , Meyerkort Daniel , Kop Alan , Prosser Gareth
Published: October 2015

Case:

We present a case of systemic cobalt toxicity secondary to third-body wear of a cobalt-chromium (CoCr) femoral head following revision of a fractured ceramic bearing. Removal of the CoCr head was followed by resolution of much of the systemic symptoms.

Conclusion:

This case supports previous reports of cobalt toxicity secondary to catastrophic third-body wear of a CoCr femoral head following a fractured ceramic bearing. It also demonstrates the potential reversibility of many systemic sequelae associated with cobalt toxicity. To our knowledge, this case represents the highest documented blood cobalt level (45,840 nmol/L).
Direct Anterior Hip Exposure for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Hozack William J. , Heller Snir
Published: October 2015

Total hip arthroplasty through the direct anterior approach provides the only true internervous access to the hip joint. The indications are the same as those for total hip replacement performed through any other approach. If necessary, the approach can be extended proximally or distally and can be used for complex primary cases as well as for revision cases. The principal steps in the procedure include (1) preoperative planning to help the surgeon restore leg length and lateral offset and assess for possible surgical pitfalls; (2) positioning of the patient supine on a regular orthopaedic table with a bump beneath the pelvis and an additional arm-board to support the opposite leg; (3) a longitudinal skin incision starting 3 cm lateral and distal to the anterior superior iliac spine and continuing along the muscles to the tensor fasciae latae; (4) creation of an intermuscular portal by making a longitudinal incision along the interval between the tensor fasciae latae and the sartorius muscles and performing blunt dissection medial to the tensor fasciae latae; (5) exposure of the capsule by cauterizing or ligating the ascending branches of the lateral circumflex artery and removing the precapsular fat pad; (6) anterior capsulectomy and double osteotomy, done by incising the capsule along the neck and perpendicular to the neck at its attachment, excising the anterior aspect of the capsule, and then performing one osteotomy at the subcapital level and another at the base of the neck; (7) acetabular preparation and cup implantation, performed by incising the medial part of the capsule, removing the labrum and osteophytes, using standard or offset reamers for the acetabulum, and implanting the cup according to standard anatomical landmarks; (8) proximal femoral release by removing the superolateral aspect of the capsule and releasing the posterior aspect of the capsule to elevate the femur; and (9) femoral preparation and implantation, done by opening the femoral canal, broaching with a double offset broacher, and inserting the femoral component into the space created by the broachers. In a randomized, prospective, controlled trial comparing the direct anterior with the direct lateral approach1, we showed better functional outcomes with the direct anterior approach at six weeks after the surgery. At two years, the outcomes were similar between the groups.
Seasonal Variation of Tannin and Nutrient in Aegiceras corniculatum Leaves in Zhangjiang Mangrove Ecosystem
Authors: Huang Minshen , Zhang Lihua , Wei Shudong , Zeng Qi , Zhou Haichao , Lin Yiming
Published: October 2015

Seasonal dynamics of total phenolics (TP), extractable condensed tannins (ECT), protein-bound condensed
tannins (PBCT), fiber-bound condensed tannins (FBCT), total condensed tannins (TCT) and nitrogen contents in sun and
shade leaves of Aegiceras corniculatum were studied in the Zhangjiang Estuary, Fujian Province, China. The contents of
TP, ECT and TCT in the sun leaves were significantly higher than those in the shade leaves through the season. The N
content in sun leaves was higher than that in shade leaves in the autumn, while it was lower in the summer, and there was
no significant difference in the winter and spring. With the respect to the P through the year, P content in the sun leaves
was different between seasons, with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. In addition, the TP:N and ECT:N
ratios in sun leaves were significantly higher than those in shade leaves except in autumn. High tannin levels and TP:N
and ECT:N ratios in the sun leaves not only can reduce oxidative stress, but also improve the ability of resisting plant
diseases and insect pests.
An Integrated WebGIS-Based Mangement Platform of Geopark
Authors: Luo Xingxian
Published: October 2015

After a careful examination and an extensive investigation of the Geopark development, all data of geological
heritage, relevant research, tourism information and science education are integrated by the technologies of ArcGIS,
MapServer and database software, based on the detailed analysis and design of system architecture, database design, map
file handling, user interface design and system design features, so that a WebGIS-based management platform of Geopark
can be created and all related information can be locally managed but remotely accessed. The platform has good usability,
platform independence and scalability, can help administrators manage geological park easier.
Iron metabolism following intravenous transfusion with stored versus fresh autologous erythrocyte concentrate in healthy dogs
Authors: Wurlod Virginie A. , Smith Stephanie A. , McMichael Maureen A. , O'Brien Mauria , Herring Jennifer , Swanson Kelly S.
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE To determine effects of IV transfusion with fresh (3-day-old) or stored (35-day-old) autologous erythrocyte concentrate on serum labile iron concentration, iron-binding capacity, and protein interaction with iron in dogs.

ANIMALS 10 random-source healthy dogs.

PROCEDURES Dogs were randomly assigned to receive autologous erythrocyte concentrate stored for 3 days (n = 5) or 35 days (5). One unit of whole blood was collected from each dog, and erythrocyte concentrates were prepared and stored as assigned. After erythrocyte storage, IV transfusion was performed, with dogs receiving their own erythrocyte concentrate. Blood samples were collected from each dog before and 5, 9, 24, 48, and 72 hours after transfusion. Serum was harvested for measurement of total iron, labile iron, transferrin, ferritin, hemoglobin, and haptoglobin concentrations.

RESULTS For dogs that received fresh erythrocytes, serum concentrations of the various analytes largely remained unchanged after transfusion. For dogs that received stored erythrocytes, serum concentrations of total iron, labile iron, hemoglobin, and ferritin increased markedly and serum concentrations of transferrin and haptoglobin decreased after transfusion.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Transfusion with autologous erythrocyte concentrate stored for 35 days resulted in evidence of intravascular hemolysis in healthy dogs. The associated marked increases in circulating concentrations of free iron and hemoglobin have the potential to adversely affect transfusion recipients.
Potential of some aquatic plants for removal of arsenic from wastewater by green technology
Authors: Mohammed Barznji Dana A.
Published: October 2015

Phytoremediation or green technology is counted among the successful and effective biological contaminated water treatment techniques. Basically, the concept of this green, cost-effective, simple, environmentally nondisruptive method consists in using plants and microbiological processes to reduce contaminants in the ecosystem. Different species from aquatic plants (emerged, free-floating, and submerged) have been studied to mitigate toxic contaminants such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, zinc, etc. Arsenic is one of the most severe toxic elements; it is widely distributed in the environment, usually found in combination with chloride, oxygen, sulphur and metal ions as a result of mineral dissolution from sedimentary or volcanic rocks and the dilution of geothermal water. The effluents from both industrial and agricultural sectors are also regarded as sources to contaminate water. From the accumulation point of view, several aquatic plants have been mentioned as good arsenic accumulators and their performance is evaluated using the green technology method. These include Spirodela polyrhiza, Wolffia globosa, Lemna gibba, L. minor, Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla caroliniana, Azolla filiculoides, Azolla pinnata, Ceratophyllum demersum and Pistia stratiotes. The up-to-date information illustrated in this review paper generates knowledge about the ability of some common aquatic plants around the globe to remediate arsenic from contaminated water.
Effect of Zinc-Phosphorus Interaction on Corn Silage Grown on Sandy Soil
Authors: Drissi Saad , Houssa Abdelhadi , Bamouh Ahmed , Coquant Jean-Marie , Benbella Mohamed
Published: October 2015

This study investigated the response of corn silage to different combinations of zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) soil supply when grown in sandy soil. The soil was naturally poor in extractable Zn and rich in plant-available P. The experiment was conducted in outdoor containers. The treatments consisted of soil supply combinations of 3 levels of Zn (0, 5 and 10 mg Zn kg−1 of dry soil) and 4 levels of P (0, 12, 36 and 72 mg P2O5 kg−1 of dry soil). The results showed the absence of a significant effect (at p ≤ 0.05) of Zn-P interaction on plant growth, plant mineral content or total aerial dry weight at harvest. P application depressed Zn shoot content, and conversely, Zn supply slightly reduced P shoot content. The total aerial dry weight at harvest was not enhanced by P application. However, it was significantly increased by Zn supply of 5 mg·kg−1 only for the highest P (72 mg·kg−1) application (at p ≤ 0.05). This increase was around 15% compared to no Zn soil supply. It was especially linked to kernel dry weight and particularly to pollination rate. For the highest level of P supply, Zn applications significantly enhanced (at p ≤ 0.05) the kernel dry weight and the pollination rate by 22.1% and 38.4% respectively, compared to no Zn supply.