bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Risks of Ageism Model: How Ageism and Negative Attitudes toward Age Can Be a Barrier to Active Aging
Authors: Swift Hannah J. , Abrams Dominic , Lamont Ruth A. , Drury Lisbeth
Published: January 2017

The World Health Organization's (WHO) active aging framework recognizes that age barriers and ageism need to be removed in order to increase potential for active aging. However, there has been little empirical analysis of ways in which ageism and attitudes toward age impact on active aging. This article sets out the Risks of Ageism Model (RAM) to show how ageism and attitudes toward age can impact the six proposed determinants of active aging via three pathways; (1) stereotype embodiment, the process through which stereotypes are internalized and become self‐relevant, (2) stereotype threat, the perceived risk of conforming to negative stereotypes about one's group, and (3) age discrimination, unfair treatment based on age. Active aging policies are likely to be more successful if they attend to these three pathways when challenging ageism and negative attitudes toward age.
Political Action in the Age of High‐Economic Inequality: A Multilevel Approach
Authors: Brown‐Iannuzzi Jazmin L. , Lundberg Kristjen B. , McKee Stephanie
Published: January 2017

Economic inequality in the United States has reached historic levels—the highest since the Great Depression. Though people may argue over whether inequality is morally wrong or practically undesirable, the consensus seems to be clear: economic inequality is one of the greatest challenges facing the U.S. today. Yet, concern for economic inequality has not seemed to translate into solution‐oriented political participation. While acknowledging the complex and multifaceted nature of this issue, the current article explores one particular factor that may help to illuminate the relationship between economic inequality and political behavior, namely socioeconomic status (SES). We propose that both the context of economic inequality and one's position within the socioeconomic hierarchy shape political attitudes and behavior. That is, economic inequality influences political action, but the strength and direction of this influence may depend on the individual's SES. Throughout this article, we highlight the importance of understanding both the objective situation of inequality and an individual's SES, as well as that individual's subjective perceptions of inequality and personal SES. We also underscore the importance of applying a multidisciplinary approach, and in particular a social psychological perspective, to the current research.
Molecular phylogeny and morphological analysis resolve a long‐standing controversy over generic concepts in Ecdyonurinae mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)
Authors: YANAI ZOHAR , SARTORI MICHEL , DOR ROI , DORCHIN NETTA
Published: January 2017

Heptageniidae is a species‐rich mayfly family (Ephemeroptera), whose taxonomy and phylogeny have been based almost exclusively on traditional morphological studies. Inconsistent use of diagnostic characters and the general lack of molecular studies have led to vague generic concepts, and the phylogenetic relationships among taxa in the family remain unclear. Afronurus Lestage is an Old World heptageniid genus of 66 species. The generic assignment of two species within this genus, A. kugleri Demoulin and A. zebratus (Hagen), has been the subject of much debate, because they share many apomorphic features that distinguish them from other congeners. We combined a thorough morphological study of all life stages of 28 representative heptageniid species with a molecular phylogenetic analysis of four mitochondrial and nuclear markers to resolve the generic position of A. kugleri and A. zebratus as well as the integrity of Afronurus and related genera. Our results confirm the monophyly of Afronurus and Electrogena and support the assignment of A. kugleri and A. zebratus to a newly described genus, Anapos Yanai & Sartori gen.n. We provide clear, diagnostic morphological characters for the genus and discuss the need for a thorough revision of generic concepts in the subfamily Ecdyonurinae.

This published work has been registered in ZooBank,
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:075E40C6-BAFE-4184-A2C2-E3BCFBC0BC15.
Membrane microdomains and the cytoskeleton constrain AtHIR1 dynamics and facilitate the formation of an AtHIR1‐associated immune complex
Authors: Lv Xueqin , Jing Yanping , Xiao Jianwei , Zhang Yongdeng , Zhu Yingfang , Julian Russell , Lin Jinxing
Published: January 2017

Arabidopsis hypersensitive‐induced reaction (AtHIR) proteins function in plant innate immunity. However, the underlying mechanisms by which AtHIRs participate in plant immunity remain elusive. Here, using VA‐TIRFM and FLIM‐FRET, we revealed that AtHIR1 is present in membrane microdomains and co‐localizes with the membrane microdomain marker REM1.3. Single‐particle tracking analysis revealed that membrane microdomains and the cytoskeleton, especially microtubules, restrict the lateral mobility of AtHIR1 at the plasma membrane and facilitate its oligomerization. Furthermore, protein proximity index measurements, fluorescence cross‐correlation spectroscopy, and biochemical experiments demonstrated that the formation of the AtHIR1 complex upon pathogen perception requires intact microdomains and cytoskeleton. Taken together, these findings suggest that microdomains and the cytoskeleton constrain AtHIR1 dynamics, promote AtHIR1 oligomerization, and increase the efficiency of the interactions of AtHIR1 with components of the AtHIR1 complex in response to pathogens, thus providing valuable insight into the mechanisms of defense‐related responses in plants.
Dynamic changes in absolute immature platelet count suggest the presence of a coexisting immune process in the setting of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Stefaniuk Catherine M. , Reeves Hollie M. , Maitta Robert W.
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have indicated the usefulness of absolute immature platelet counts (A‐IPCs) in the management and diagnostic algorithm of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Specifically a threefold increase in A‐IPC from baseline may be diagnostic of TTP. Here, A‐IPC was used to understand a coexisting immune dysregulation complicating TTP treatment.

CASE REPORT

A 17‐year‐old previously healthy female was admitted with altered mental status, petechiae, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and schistocytes on peripheral smear. Daily therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and corticosteroids were started for suspected TTP supported by ADAMTS13 activity of less than 5%, inhibitor more than 8, and more than threefold A‐IPC increase from baseline post‐TPE initiation. Despite daily TPE, the patient had significant and unexpected decreases in platelet (PLT) counts and A‐IPCs during her hospital course. After each PLT count decline, response to TPE and immunosuppression led to increasingly prolonged count recovery with subsequent episodes. Decreases in both PLTs and A‐IPCs indicated that both mature and immature PLTs were being cleared from circulation. Recovery occurred once A‐IPC dynamics indicated restored negative feedback in relation to PLT count.

CONCLUSION

Serial monitoring of A‐IPC dynamics was indicative of coexisting processes in the setting of ADAMTS13 deficiency. Uncoupling of the expected A‐IPC and PLT count seen in TTP suggested the presence of such an immune process in addition to TTP with high ADAMTS13 inhibitor. Monitoring of A‐IPC is a clinically valuable, rapid, and noninvasive thrombopoietic measurement when TTP is suspected.
Pulsed xenon flash treatment inactivates bacteria in apheresis platelet concentrates while preserving in vitro quality and functionality
Authors: Abe Hideki , Shiba Masayuki , Niibe Yoshiyuki , Tadokoro Kenji , Satake Masahiro
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Pulsed xenon (Xe) flash without any photoreactive compounds has been shown to inactivate a type of bacteria spiked into platelet (PLT) suspension in plasma, but enhanced the PLT storage lesion (PSL). Predicting reduction of PSL with increasing bactericidal ability, pulsed Xe flash was filtered through a band‐stop filter, which excluded ultraviolet (UV)A, UVB, and visible light.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Apheresis PLT concentrates (PCs) inoculated with bacteria were irradiated with filtered Xe flash (fXe treatment). For in vitro functional quality assessment, PLT aggregation and thrombin generation together with other assays that monitor the PSL were investigated.

RESULTS

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae could be inactivated without regrowth during 6 days of storage. PC variables, such as PLT count, concentrations of soluble CD40 ligand, and ratio of aggregated PLTs, were not significantly different between fXe‐treated and untreated PCs after 6 days of storage, while PAC‐1 binding increased in the fXe‐treated PLTs. Responsiveness of fXe‐treated PLTs to ADP was maintained over a 6‐day storage period as shown by the up regulation of P‐selectin expression and induction of both integrin αIIbβ3 conformational change and PLT aggregation. The fXe‐treated PLTs showed a sustained aggregation curve in response to ADP, whereas untreated PLTs transiently aggregated and then subsequently dissociated. Thrombin‐generating kinetics of fXe‐treated PLTs via PLT membrane surface were equivalent to those of untreated PLTs.

CONCLUSIONS

The fXe treatment inactivated bacteria in apheresis PCs in plasma without additional chemical compounds. The fXe‐treated PCs retained acceptable in vitro properties of PC quality and PLT functionality.
Serum creatine kinase isoenzymes and macroenzymes in dogs with different neurologic diseases
Authors: Paltrinieri Saverio , Pintore Laura , Balducci Federica , Giordano Alessia , Costabile Annaluce , Bernardini Marco
Published: January 2017

Background

Increased serum activity of CK isoenzymes and macroenzymes, and in particular of the brain isoenzyme (CK‐BB) has been reported in dogs with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, no studies on the possible differences in serum activities of CK iso‐ or macroenzymes (Macro‐CK1 and Macro‐CK2) in different neurologic diseases are available.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the electrophoretic distribution of CK iso‐ and macroenzymes in dogs with CNS disorders in order to assess whether this distribution depends on a specific neurologic disease.

Methods

This study was done on sera from 45 dogs with neurologic diseases (degenerative, n = 7; idiopathic epilepsy [IE], n = 14; inflammatory, n = 16; space occupying lesions [SOL], n = 8) and from 10 clinically healthy dogs. The separation of serum CK isoenzymes and macroenzymes was performed using an automated electrophoretic method already validated in dogs.

Results

Compared with healthy dogs, dogs with CNS disorders had significantly higher total CK and CK‐BB activities, and a significantly lower Macro‐CK2 activity (P < .001). Comparison of pathologic subgroups and healthy dogs revealed significant differences (P < .01) in dogs with IE and inflammatory disorders for total CK activity, in all the subgroups for CK‐BB (P < .01), and in dogs with IE and SOL for Macro‐CK2 (P < .01).

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that CK‐BB is released by neurons damaged by inflammatory or degenerative conditions or due to compressive effects of SOL. However, the neurologic diseases cannot be differentiated based on CK‐BB or Macro‐CK2 activities, unless further studies allow the definition of diagnostic thresholds.
Successful medical management of a domestic longhair cat with subdural intracranial empyema and multifocal pneumonia
Authors: Cardy Thomas J.A. , Lam Richard , Peters Laureen M. , McLaren Philippa J. , Matas Riera Màrian , De Decker Steven
Published: January 2017

Objective

To describe a case of successful medical management of subdural intracranial empyema and multifocal pneumonia in a domestic longhaired cat.

Case Summary

A 7‐year‐and‐8‐month‐old male neutered domestic longhair cat presented with tachypnea, respiratory compromise, vestibular ataxia, obtundation, left‐sided head tilt, and multiple cranial nerve deficits. Neuroanatomical localization was multifocal with central vestibular involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head indicated diffuse subdural empyema, mainly affecting the middle cranial fossa and the right cerebrum. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid revealed degenerate neutrophils with a mixed population of intracellular bacilli. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was suggestive for multifocal pneumonia. Aggressive medical management with IV fluids, oxygen supplementation, mannitol boluses, dexamethasone, and broad‐spectrum antimicrobials was initiated. The cat demonstrated gradual improvement within 24 hours following initiation of treatment. General physical and neurological examinations, 9 weeks after initiating treatment, did not reveal any abnormalities. A CT examination performed at this time revealed resolution of the cat's pulmonary lesions. The cat was still free of clinical signs, 9 months after treatment was started.

New or Unique Information Provided

Subdural empyema is infrequently reported in cats and has high mortality rates even following surgical treatment. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful medical management of a cat with subdural empyema and suggests that aggressive medical management should be attempted in cats that are not considered surgical candidates.
Arthroscopic approach and intra‐articular anatomy of the dorsal and plantar synovial compartments of the bovine tarsocrural joint
Authors: Lardé Hélène , Nichols Sylvain , Babkine Marie , Desrochers André
Published: January 2017

Objective

To determine arthroscopic approaches to the dorsal and plantar synovial compartments of the tarsocrural joint in adult cattle, and to describe the arthroscopic intra‐articular anatomy from each approach.

Study Design

Ex vivo study.

Animals

Fresh adult bovine cadavers (n = 7).

Methods

Two tarsocrural joint were injected with latex to determine arthroscopic portal locations and arthroscopy of the tarsocrural joint of 12 tarsi was performed. The dorsolateral approach was made through the large pouch located between the long digital extensor and peroneus longus tendons. The dorsomedial approach was made just medial to the common synovial sheath of the tibialis cranialis, peroneus tertius, and long digital extensor tendons. The plantarolateral and plantaromedial approaches were made lateral and medial to the tarsal tendon sheath, respectively.

Results

Each approach allowed visualization of the distal tibia articulating with the proximal trochlea of the talus. Consistently observed structures included the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia, and the medial and lateral trochlear ridges and trochlear groove of the talus. Lateral and medial malleoli were best assessed from dorsal approaches. From the lateral approaches evaluation of the abaxial surface of the lateral trochlear ridge allowed visualization of the fibulocalcaneal joint. From the plantar approaches additional observed structures included the coracoid process of the calcaneus, plantar trochlea of the talus, and plantar talotibial and talofibular ligaments.

Conclusion

In cattle, the dorsolateral and plantarolateral approaches allowed for the best evaluation of the dorsal and plantar aspects of the tarsocrural joint, respectively.
Implementation of Multi-Year Product Innovation Projects
Authors: Vallee Glenn E.
Published: January 2017

A methodology and case study detailing the implementation of multi-year product innovation projects is presented. A product called the Waterboy, an inexpensive water purification system designed for under developed countries, was developed by three different groups of students over a span of two years. The initial concept was first developed by a six member entrepreneurial team composed of senior level business and engineering students enrolled in a one semester Product Innovation and Development course. This team was responsible assessing the market need, determining product requirements and developing a limited functionality prototype capable of demonstrating the intended product function. A second team consisting of two Mechanical Engineering students continued the project as their one semester Senior Capstone Design project and was charged with the task of developing a fully functional prototype capable of purifying contaminated water. A third student completed the project as a one semester senior level Design Projects course and was charged with the task of modifying the previous design to minimize cost, facilitate ease manufacture and reduced assembly and distribution costs.

In the Fall of 2010, the entrepreneurial team conducted interviews with health professionals and performed research involving a number of world health and philanthropic organizations. They identified the need for an improved water purification device which could purify enough water for a family of four in a reasonable amount of time and at a cost which would make it accessible to people in underdeveloped countries who are at risk of dying from the consumption of contaminated drinking water. They developed a bicycle driven system which used an ultraviolet germicidal bulb to purify water. The team developed a prototype which demonstrated the basic function of the device which was estimated to cost about $80. The project was continued in the Fall of 2011 by the second team of Mechanical Engineering seniors who refined the purification system and function of the device while simplifying the design, resulting in an estimated cost of $49 per unit. The team built and tested a fully functional prototype which confirmed it was capable of reducing water borne bacteria by a factor of 1000. The project was then completed in the Fall of 2012 by a Senior Mechanical Engineering Student who further reduced the cost of the design and improved its portability in order to reduce distribution costs. A partnership with Goodwill Industries was formed to utilize their recycled materials and inexpensive labor force, which reduced the product cost about $24.
A Rule Based Method to Construct the Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress
Authors: Karunamoorthy Swami
Published: January 2017

Mohr’s Circle is a graphical representation of the state of plane stress at a point. It is an important concept to learn for the understanding of plane stress transformation. However, it remains a challenge for both engineering as well as engineering technology students to understand the principles of Mohr’s Circle. In this paper, an emphasis is given to identify the source of pedagogical difficulty and a simple rule based method is presented as a new approach for effective teaching as well as learning. It is a viable method to understand the Mohr’s Circle and its application to plane stress transformation.
Introducing CFD and Wind Tunnel Testing in an Undergraduate Fluid Mechanics Course
Authors: Mokhtar Wael , Fleischmann Shirley
Published: January 2017

CFD is following the trend of CAD and FEA to undergraduate education especially with recent advances in commercial codes. It will soon take its place as an expected skill for new engineering graduates. CFD was added as a component to an experiment in a junior level fluid mechanics course. The objectives were to introduce CFD, as an analysis tool, to the students and to support the theoretical concepts of the course. The students were asked to complete an experimental two-dimensional study for a wing in a wind tunnel, to use CFD to simulate the flow, and to predict the aerodynamic lift using CFD as well as the experimentally obtained pressure distribution. In addition, they had to compare their results to published data for the studied wing.

Details of the course, the wind tunnel test and the CFD simulations are presented. Samples from the students’ work are used in the discussion. The lab activities were successfully completed by the students and the learning objectives were well addressed. One of the valuable outcomes from this lab was the opportunity for the students to integrate multiple fluid mechanics analysis tools and learn about the limits for each tool. CFD also enhanced the learning in the lab activities and increased students’ interest in the subject.
Comparison of Different Grinding Sound During Metallographic Preparation
Authors: Sugimoto Takuya , Aiba Eriko , Goto Akihiko
Published: January 2017

The carburizing process requires metallurgical inspection by means of ground metallurgical mounts. Grinding process for a metallurgical mount is an important process. In this study, we investigate the difference in the outcome of the sound during the grinding process between an expert and a non-expert execution. We aim to identify the evaluation criteria in grinding technique based on the sound information, in order to establish more efficient training method for acquiring the grinding techniques for non-expert inspectors. As a result, we found the factor in the sound that are essential for the efficient grinding.
Assessing Remote Physiological Signals Acquisition Experiments
Authors: Barros Carla , Leão Celina P. , Pereira Filipe , Soares Filomena , Machado José , Matos Demétrio , Carvalho Vitor
Published: January 2017

A great number of remote laboratories has been implemented in the engineering field. Nevertheless, there are few approaching the bioengineering area. The present paper will describe not only an innovative remote laboratory developed for biomedical engineering education, but also its assessment based on the target public’s feedback. The remote laboratory developed by the research team intends to provide the physiological signals remote acquisition from human body, supported by theory to a greater understanding of learned concepts. This tool is geared towards the undergraduate biomedical engineering students. Therefore, a sample of twelve students took part in a limited study conducted to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the remote laboratory. The study was undertaken using two questionnaires, one distributed before and other after the performance of a remote experiment. Moreover, the information about the learning style/method, employed by each student, was collected in order to devise strategies for future applications development and to make the remote laboratory suitable for the target public.
Effect of Office Hour Participation on Student Performance
Authors: Schertzer Michael J. , Robinson Risa , Landschoot Timothy , Ghosh Amitabha , Liberson Alexander , Hensel Edward
Published: January 2017

Office hours are available for students to receive extra help outside of class. Unfortunately, this resource is often underutilized by students despite efforts to schedule convenient and accessible office hour times. Previous survey results from students attending a variety of courses in Mechanical Engineering at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) have shown a positive correlation between low office hour attendance and the following factors: (i) high understanding of course material, (ii) procrastination and lack of time to seek help before deadlines, and (iii) low time studying materials outside of class. Interestingly, the results of this survey did not support the hypothesis that students who attended more office hours performed better.

A new homework grading policy was instituted in Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics I in the fall and spring semesters of the 2013 academic year at RIT. Under this policy, students were required to visit office hours to receive credit for completion of assigned weekly problems. Implementation of this policy has provided quantitative information regarding participation and timing of office hour visits. This investigation will examine the effects of attendance and timing of office hour participation on metrics of performance including final class grades and theoretical understanding as measured by performance on multiple choice test questions.

Results presented here suggest that the office hour grading system resulted in high participation rates across a broad range of students. Higher office hour participation rates had a positive impact on student performance in long answer exam problems and low impact on performance in multiple choice questions. While performance was a stronger function office participation at the of end of term than in week five, early semester participation rates can be used as a tool to help identify students at risk of dropping a class or receiving a poor grade.
Embedding Specialized Online Learning Modules in Courses
Authors: Singh Kumar V. , Khan Fazeel
Published: January 2017

In recent years, online learning modules and interactive tools have been developed for integrating synergistic computational and experimental activities into several courses in the mechanical and manufacturing engineering curriculum. These modules may complement existing labs, introduce experiments to lecture-based courses, or help reinforce the understanding of concepts within a course through case studies, computational modeling and its validation through experimental data analysis. Within a given undergraduate course in engineering, the traditional approach is to cover the fundamental concepts and their applications in problem solving and design. However, often some advanced concepts pertinent to the course material cannot be included in great details due to the restrictions on total number of credit/teaching hours. The exposure to such advanced material is considered very important for establishing a broader appreciation of the relevance of the course material and potentially instilling an interest in successive classes and, most importantly, research projects.

The project described in this paper has focused in the development of learning modules which can be used in various courses to introduce advanced topics, analyses and applications related to the fundamental course content. In this paper the development, implementation and assessment of two modules which feature enhanced content is presented. One module has been designed to be used as a tutorial on rotor dynamics and has been embedded in an introductory course on mechanical vibrations. The second is a module being developed for introducing the static and dynamic characterization of viscoelastic polymers. This module will be associated with an advanced mechanics of materials course, as well as the course on vibrations. These two separate concepts/topics are not formally a part of the undergraduate level courses but the underlying concepts can be easily related to the associated course learning outcomes. Such modules can, furthermore, be modified and used with various other courses as assignments and/or as a pre-requisite to a given case study. These modules can also be used for training and support of undergraduate researchers.
Using a Funded Capstone Project to Teach Fluid Power and Advanced Mechanical Design
Authors: Mynderse James , Arslan Selin , Liu Liping
Published: January 2017

The A. Leon Linton Department of Mechanical Engineering at Lawrence Technological University offered a new senior capstone project to a small group of students, funded by a teaching grant from the National Fluid Power Association. All mechanical engineering students at Lawrence Tech must complete a capstone project: either an SAE competition team or a project addressing a particular industry need. The team that worked on the current project consisted of students with various concentrations in mechanical engineering and included an international visiting student from Brazil. Three faculty in Mechanical Engineering, each with different areas of expertise: thermodynamics, heat transfer, fluid mechanics and mechatronics, mentored and worked closely with the students at every step of this project. The objective of this project was to design and fabricate a classroom-scale gantry crane for material handling. The undergraduate students were not only involved in the design of a fluid powered system, but also worked on the modeling of mechanical components and the mechanical system as well as circuit design for an operator interface. The self-guided and real-world design aspect of the project increases the effectiveness of teaching by the faculty and retention of the subject by the students involved in the project.
Solving Conflicting Engineering Problems in Education, Research and Practice: Enhanced Approach
Authors: Bzymek Zbigniew M.
Published: January 2017

The nature of engineering is problem solving. The challenge of ongoing design research is to develop a tool that would support the most difficult phase of design — solving problems with contradictions and finding the best possible idea for conceptual design of products. The Brief Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (BTIPS) is a prospective tool for performing such a task. Derived from TRIZ, TSIP and TIPS, BTIPS slightly differs from those methods. Principles, Effects and Prediction modules in BTIPS are enhanced to meet the newest challenges of engineering pedagogy and technology development. To meet those challenges principles of Size Reduction, Miniaturization, Nanotechnology and Biotechnology were added. Design principles and technological effects were enriched with new developments based on nanotechnology and biotechnology. Furthermore the procedure of the Virtual Element approach was added to the Prediction module. The tests of functions’ separation and minimum information contents to evaluate the derived end solution are also the new additions. BTIPS is living and developing; it is taught and used, and, thus, constantly improved. This paper points out the enhancements and shows some ways of BTIPS application in solving problems with conflicting constraints in conceptual design.
The influence of finite and infinite wall cavities on the sound insulation of double-leaf walls
Authors: Cambridge Jason E. , Davy John L. , Pearse John
Published: January 2017

Theories used to predict the sound insulation of double-leaf cavity wall systems are usually based on the assumption that the wall is of an infinite extent. To account for the effect of the finite extent of the wall, limiting the angle of incidence, a finite radiation efficiency model or the spatial windowing method is used in order to obtain realistic predictions. However, the effects of the finite extent of the cavity are often not included. This paper presents an extension of a finite two-dimensional cavity theory to include limp panels on each side of the cavity. It is shown that the oblique incidence mass-air-mass resonance can only occur for certain frequencies and certain angles of incidence. This is the reason why the infinite extent theories under-predict the sound insulation. The results of the predicted sound insulation agree with measurements when the wall cavity is empty. To obtain agreement when the cavity is full of a porous sound absorbing material, a flow resistivity of about one-fifth of the measured value has to be used. Use of the actual flow resistivity gives sound insulation values that are 10 dB too high.
Inverse Dynamics Modeling of Paralympic Wheelchair Curling
Authors: Laschowski Brock , Mehrabi Naser , McPhee John
Published: January 2017

Paralympic wheelchair curling is an adapted version of Olympic curling played by individuals with spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and lower extremity amputations. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there has been no experimental or computational research published regarding the biomechanics of wheelchair curling. Accordingly, the objective of the present research was to quantify the angular joint kinematics and dynamics of a Paralympic wheelchair curler throughout the delivery. The angular joint kinematics of the upper extremity were experimentally measured using an inertial measurement unit system; the translational kinematics of the curling stone were additionally evaluated with optical motion capture. The experimental kinematics were mathematically optimized to satisfy the kinematic constraints of a subject-specific multibody biomechanical model. The optimized kinematics were subsequently used to compute the resultant joint moments via inverse dynamics analysis. The main biomechanical demands throughout the delivery (ie, in terms of both kinematic and dynamic variables) were about the hip and shoulder joints, followed sequentially by the elbow and wrist. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to wheelchair curling delivery technique, musculoskeletal modeling, and forward dynamic simulations.
“They Need to Learn to Take It on the Chin”: Exploring the Emotional Labour of Student Volunteers in a Sports-Based Outreach Project in the North East of England
Authors: Hayton John W.
Published: January 2017

This research explores the emotional labour of university students whilst volunteering on the Sport Universities North East England (SUNEE) sports-based outreach project. Using data from semi-structured interviews with students (n = 40) this paper draws on the work of Arlie Hochschild (1983, 2012) to explore the feeling, display and regulation of emotion by this cohort of volunteers throughout their involvement on the SUNEE project. The findings suggest that students’ emotional labour is influenced by a variety of challenging attitudes and situations that they encounter when attempting to coach “hard to reach” groups. To perform such emotional labour, students often chose to transmute emotion, separating their actual emotions from their outward display to convey a demeanour necessitated by the perceived feeling rules of the coaching context.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Micromonospora
sp. Strain WMMB235, a Marine Ascidian-Associated Bacterium
Authors: Adnani Navid , Braun Doug R. , McDonald Bradon R. , Chevrette Marc G. , Currie Cameron R. , Bugni Tim S.
Published: January 2017

Micromonospora
sp. strain WMMB235 was isolated in 2011 off the coast of the Florida Keys, USA, from a marine ascidian as part of an ongoing drug discovery project. Analysis of the ~7.1-Mb genome provides insight into this strain's biosynthetic potential, means of regulation, and response to coculturing conditions.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mumps Virus Isolated from Karnataka State, India
Authors: Vaidya Sunil R. , Raut Chandrashekhar G. , Chowdhury Deepika T. , Hamde Venkat S.
Published: January 2017

We report the first whole-genome sequence of mumps virus isolated from a two-year-old girl with bilateral parotitis from a Chikkahallivana village in the Davangere district of Karnataka State, India. The genome of the Davangere mumps isolate was 15,384 bp in length and identical to previously published mumps virus (MuV) genomes from India. BLAST results show 99.1% identity with previously sequenced genotype C viruses isolated from the states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh.
Genome Sequence of Uric Acid-Fermenting Eubacterium angustum DSM 1989
T
(MK-1)
Authors: Poehlein Anja , Galperin Michael Y. , Andreesen Jan R. , Daniel Rolf
Published: January 2017

Eubacterium angustum
DSM 1989
T
(MK-1) is a strictly anaerobic and uric acid-, xanthine-, and guanine-fermenting organism isolated from sewage sludge. The draft genome consists of one circular chromosome (2.4 Mb) and harbors 2,397 predicted protein-encoding genes.
Metagenome Sequencing of Prokaryotic Microbiota Collected from Rivers in the Upper Amazon Basin
Authors: Santos-Júnior Célio Dias , Kishi Luciano Takeshi , Toyama Danyelle , Soares-Costa Andrea , Oliveira Tereza Cristina Souza , de Miranda Fernando Pellon , Henrique-Silva Flávio
Published: January 2017

Tropical freshwater environments, like rivers, are important reservoirs of microbial life. This study employed metagenomic sequencing to survey prokaryotic microbiota in the Solimões, Purus, and Urucu Rivers of the Amazon Basin in Brazil. We report a rich and diverse microbial community.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Serotype O157:H7 Strain PA20
Authors: Uhlich Gaylen A. , Paoli George C. , Zhang Xinmin , Dudley Edward G. , Figler Hillary M. , Cottrell Bryan J. , Andreozzi Elisa
Published: January 2017

Escherichia coli
serotype O157:H7 strain PA20 is a Pennsylvania Department of Health clinical isolate. It has been used to study biofilm formation in O157:H7 clinical isolates, where the high incidence of prophage insertions in the
mlrA
transcription factor disrupts traditional
csgD
biofilm regulation. Here, we report the complete PA20 genome sequence.
Metaviromes of Extracellular Soil Viruses along a Namib Desert Aridity Gradient
Authors: Zablocki Olivier , Adriaenssens Evelien M. , Frossard Aline , Seely Mary , Ramond Jean-Baptiste , Cowan Don
Published: January 2017

The Namib Desert in southwest Africa is hyperarid and composed of distinct microbial communities affected by a longitudinal aridity gradient. Here, we report four soil metaviromes from the Namib Desert, assessed using deep sequencing of metavirome libraries prepared from DNA extracted from gravel plain surface soils.
Annotation of Fusarium graminearum (PH-1) Version 5.0
Authors: King Robert , Urban Martin , Hammond-Kosack Kim E.
Published: January 2017

Fusarium graminearum
floral infections are a major risk to the global supply of safe cereal grains. We report updates to the PH-1 reference genome and significant improvements to the annotation. Changes include introduction of legacy annotation identifiers, new gene models, secretome and effectorP predictions, and inclusion of extensive untranslated region (UTR) annotations.
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria
Authors: Brown-Elliott Barbara A. , Philley Julie V.
Published: January 2017

Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) compose approximately one-half of the currently validated mycobacterial species and are divided into six major groups, including the
Mycobacterium fortuitum
group,
M. chelonae/M. abscessus
complex,
M. smegmatis
group,
M. mucogenicum
group,
M. mageritense
/
M. wolinskyi
, and the pigmented RGM. This review discusses each group and highlights the major types of infections associated with each group. Additionally, phenotypic and molecular laboratory identification methods, including gene sequencing, mass spectrometry, and the newly emerging whole-genome sequencing, are detailed, along with a discussion of the current antimicrobial susceptibility methods and patterns of the most common pathogenic species.
Female genital mutilation in children presenting to Australian paediatricians
Authors: Zurynski Yvonne , Phu Amy , Sureshkumar Premala , Cherian Sarah , Deverell Marie , Elliott Elizabeth J
Published: January 2017

Objective

The WHO reports that female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is an ancient cultural practice prevalent in many countries. FGM/C has been reported among women resident in Australia. Our paper provides the first description of FGM/C in Australian children.

Design

Cross-sectional survey conducted in April–June 2014.

Setting

Paediatricians and other child health specialists recruited through the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit were asked to report children aged <18 years with FGM/C seen in the last 5 years, and to provide data for demographics, FGM/C type, complications and referral for each case.

Participants

Of 1311 eligible paediatricians/child health specialists, 1003 (76.5%) responded.

Results

Twenty-three (2.3%) respondents had seen 59 children with FGM/C and provided detailed data for 31. Most (89.7%) were identified during refugee screening and were born in Africa. Three (10.3%) were born in Australia: two had FGM/C in Australia and one in Indonesia. All parents were born overseas, mainly Africa (98.1%). Ten children had WHO FGM/C type I, five type II, five type III and six type IV. Complications in eight children included recurrent genitourinary infections, menstrual, sexual, fertility and psychological problems. Nineteen children (82.6%) were referred to obstetrics/gynaecology: 16 (69.9%) to social work and 13 (56.5%) to child protection.

Conclusions

This study confirms that FGM/C is seen in paediatric clinical practice within Australia. Paediatricians need cultural awareness, education and resources to help them identify children with FGM/C and/or at risk of FGM/C, to enable appropriate referral and counselling of children, families and communities to assist in the prevention of this practice.
A survey of neurointerventionalists on thrombectomy practices for emergent large vessel occlusions
Authors: Fargen Kyle M , Arthur Adam S , Spiotta Alejandro M , Lena Jonathan , Chaudry Imran , Turner Raymond D , Turk Aquilla S
Published: January 2017

Background

The effect of the five positive randomized controlled trials on thrombectomy practices and procedural volume has yet to be defined. Further, few studies have attempted to define modern thrombectomy practices in terms of selection criteria and devices used.

Methods

A 21 question survey of Society of Neurointerventional Surgery (SNIS) physicians was administered using the SurveyMonkey website, addressing current practices as well as changes from before January 1, 2015 to the months after this date.

Results

A total of 78 responses were obtained (approximately 10% of SNIS membership). Prior to January 2015, two-thirds of respondents reported performing 1–5 thrombectomies per month (67%), with 31% performing more than 5 per month. Following January 2015, 62% of respondents reported performing more than 5 thrombectomies per month; 45% of respondents reported a higher number of thrombectomies after trial publication. 73% and 80% of respondents indicated that inpatient consultations and hospital to hospital transfers for thrombectomy have increased, respectively. A plurality of respondents reported using A Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique (40%) as the first strategy for revascularization. Most commonly, neurointerventionalists reported using conscious sedation (56%) for anesthesia. 74% of respondents indicated being successful with their primary technique in at least 70% of cases.

Conclusions

This survey of predominantly academic SNIS physicians indicates that inpatient consultations, hospital to hospital transfers, and thrombectomy procedural volumes have increased modestly since the publication of the five major stroke trials this year. In addition, many respondents indicated an increase in aggressiveness in pursuing thrombectomy based on selection criteria.
Schisandra chinensisand Its Main Constituent Schizandrin Attenuate Allergic Reactions by Down-Regulating Caspase-1 in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Mice
Authors: Han Na-Ra , Moon Phil-Dong , Kim Na-Rae , Kim Hee-Yun , Jeong Hyun-Ja , Kim Hyung-Min
Published: January 2017

Schisandra chinensis (SC) and its main constituent, schizandrin (SCH) exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities. Allergic and inflammatory reactions are aggravated via caspase-1 signaling pathway. However, the regulatory effects of SC and SCH on caspase-1 activation have not been clarified yet. In this study, we aimed to clarify the anti-allergic effects of SC and SCH using an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice and anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies-stimulated splenocytes. SC or SCH significantly inhibited the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E, IgG1, or interleukin (IL)-4 in serum of OVA-sensitized mice. SC or SCH significantly inhibited the levels of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text], and IL-1[Formula: see text] in spleen of the OVA-sensitized mice. SC or SCH significantly suppressed the expression of caspase-1 and receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-2 in spleen of the OVA-sensitized mice. In activated splenocytes, SC or SCH significantly decreased the expression of caspase-1 and RIP-2 as well as the production of IL-6 and TNF-[Formula: see text]. We suggest that SC and SCH exert an anti-allergic effect by down-regulating caspase-1 signaling.
RORγt+ Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Lymph Node Metastasis of Breast Cancers
Authors: Irshad Sheeba , Flores-Borja Fabian , Lawler Katherine , Monypenny James , Evans Rachel , Male Victoria , Gordon Peter , Cheung Anthony , Gazinska Patrycja , Noor Farzana , Wong Felix , Grigoriadis Anita , Fruhwirth Gilbert O. , Barber Paul R. , Woodman Natalie , Patel Dominic , Rodriguez-Justo Manuel , Owen Julie , Martin Stewart G. , Pinder Sarah E. , Gillett Cheryl E. , Poland Simon P. , Ameer-Beg Simon , McCaughan Frank , Carlin Leo M. , Hasan Uzma , Withers David R. , Lane Peter , Vojnovic Borivoj , Quezada Sergio A. , Ellis Paul , Tutt Andrew N.J. , Ng Tony
Published: January 2017

Cancer cells tend to metastasize first to tumor-draining lymph nodes, but the mechanisms mediating cancer cell invasion into the lymphatic vasculature remain little understood. Here, we show that in the human breast tumor microenvironment (TME), the presence of increased numbers of RORγt+ group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) correlates with an increased likelihood of lymph node metastasis. In a preclinical mouse model of breast cancer, CCL21-mediated recruitment of ILC3 to tumors stimulated the production of the CXCL13 by TME stromal cells, which in turn promoted ILC3–stromal interactions and production of the cancer cell motile factor RANKL. Depleting ILC3 or neutralizing CCL21, CXCL13, or RANKL was sufficient to decrease lymph node metastasis. Our findings establish a role for RORγt+ILC3 in promoting lymphatic metastasis by modulating the local chemokine milieu of cancer cells in the TME. Cancer Res; 77(5); 1083–96. ©2017 AACR.
A Retrospective Analysis of Stereoelectroencephalography and Subdural Electroencephalography for Preoperative Evaluation of Intractable Epilepsy
Authors: Yang Meihua , Ma Yuanshi , Li Wei , Shi Xianjun , Hou Zhi , An Ning , Zhang Chunqing , Liu Lihong , Yang Hui , Zhang Dong , Liu Shiyong
Published: January 2017

Background: Different methods for intracranial electrode recording have various advantages and disadvantages, and controversy exists regarding the complications of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) and subdural EEG. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of SEEG by comparing it with subdural EEG. Methods: Data from 100 patients who underwent SEEG (n = 48) and subdural EEG (n = 52) to evaluate the epileptogenic zone were collected from June 2011 to June 2015. The evaluation results, surgical outcomes, and complications were compared. Results: No significant differences were noted between the SEEG and subdural EEG groups in identifying the epileptogenic zone or undergoing epileptic surgery. Of the 88 patients who underwent epilepsy surgery after assessment, 59.5% in the SEEG group and 52.2% in the subdural EEG group became seizure free. No significant differences in postoperative seizure control or intelligence improvement were noted. The overall complication rate in SEEG patients (8/48; 16.7%) was lower than that in subdural EEG patients (13/52; 25%), particularly for hemorrhage and infection (4.2 vs. 17.3%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: This retrospective review indicates that SEEG has low associated complications, particularly regarding hemorrhage and infection. SEEG is a safe and effective method for intracranial monitoring.