bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SELECTION OF CADMIUM NON-ACCUMULATING RICE GENOTYPES TO REDUCE HEALTH RISK
Authors: Majumdar Snehalata , Barman Falguni , Guha Titir , Kundu Rita
Published: August 2022

Cadmium (Cd) is regarded as one the most toxic heavy metals. Long term exposure to Cd via air, water, soil or food can be carcinogenic and can also lead to other bone, urinary, reproductive, cardiovascular and nervous disorders. Farmers in order to achieve high quality crops often use excess phosphorus fertilizers and in addition to this leakage of sewage sludge in the agricultural farmlands often leads to Cd contamination in agricultural fields. This holds a long term consequence because the Cd can be easily absorbed by the plants and thus Cd enters the food chain and can get accumulated in human organs. Rice is a major staple crop across the world which holds a vast genotypic variation. Different rice cultivars tends to accumulate different levels of Cd in the rice grains and hence detailed study is required to identify the rice genotypes which do not accumulate Cd in the grains so that they can be regarded as “Cdsafe” cultivars. In the present study, 58 different indica rice cultivars which are popularly grown all over India, have been grown in moderately Cd contaminated soil and results showed differential levels of Cd in the rice grains. Among 58 rice cultivars, 32 cultivars accumulated Cd in the rice grains and rest did not. The rice cultivars namely, Suma, Ranjit, Pratiksha, Kausallya, Ratna, Khitish, Mali-4, Barsha and Annada can be considered to be Cd hyperaccumulators based on the level of Cd accumulation in the rice grains.
ROLE OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN MANAGEMENT OF O3 INJURY IN PLANTS THROUGH SOIL NUTRIENT AMENDMENTS
Authors: Gautam Asheesh Kumar , Gupta Gereraj Sen , Madheshiya Parvati , Tiwari Supriya
Published: August 2022

The present study focuses on mitigative measurements adopted to manage ozone (O3 ) stress by application of different doses of nutrient (N, P, K) treatments. Two cultivars of maize (Zea mays L. var HHM-1 and Malviya hybrid2) growing under ambient O3 stress conditions were treated with three doses of nutrients (NPK); recommended (N1 ), 1.5x recommended (N2 ) and 2x recommended (N3 ) in near natural condition. The antioxidant pool, secondary metabolites, photosynthetic efficiency and gas conductance parameters were assessed. Results of our experiment suggest that the plants treated with nutrients responded better than the plants without nutrient, which served as control. Increased antioxidant activities in both the maize cultivars upon nutrient treatment resulted in decline of O3generated superoxide radicals and H2O2 contents, indicating a reduction in O3 stress. It was observed that the antioxidant response upon treatment was more prominent in HHM-1, as compared to MH-2, in which major proportions of antioxidant stimulations were observed during the vegetative period only. SOD and CAT played an important role in defining the plant’s defense and regulating the SOR and H2O2 contents in both the maize cultivars at both vegetative and reproductive stages. The results of the present experiment clearly suggest that nutrient amendments can be effectively used in partially mitigating ambient ozone stress, however more experimentation with different crop varieties is required to prove the expediency of nutrient amendments.
EFFECTS OF SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME RESPONSE OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS LEAF CELL CULTURES
Authors: Pancholi Boskey
Published: August 2022

Leaf explants of three medicinally important plants viz., Convolvulus microphyllus Seib., Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex. K. Heyne and Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) Chiov. were cultured in Murashige and Skoog’s medium with different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. Callus of each of the plant species was dried, extracted in alcohol and estimated for total levels of phenolics and flavonoids. Antioxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), which play important role in plant defense systems, also calculated. The data reveled that with age of the callus, total levels of phenolics and flavonoids increased. Among the test extracts, 8 weeks-old callus of C. microphyllus demonstrated higher levels of total phenolics (20.36 ± 6.67 mg GAE g-1 dw), while flavonoids were higher in 8 weeks-old callus of P. daemia (23.80 ± 0.05 mg QE g-1 dw). However, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities decreased with the age of the callus levels of phenolics and flavonoids were found to be higher. The results indicate that, with the age of cultures generated stress leading to the production of secondary metabolites. It is known that, production of phenolics and flavonoids suppresses CAT and APX activities, critical factor for the damage of oxidative stress.
POISONOUS PLANTS OF NADIA DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL, INDIA
Authors: Joardar Sayanjit
Published: August 2022

Poisonous plants can be of immense economic importance. Several poisonous plants can be a source of medicines. Research on poisonous plants of East India is largely missing. A primary initiative has been taken to enumerate the poisonous plants naturally grown in the district of Nadia, West Bengal. This research paper reveals that the district harbours 25 poisonous plants belonging to 15 families and 14 genera.
SCHEDULING OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR GARLIC CROP IN MALWA REGION OF MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: Gupta Rajesh , Kulmi G.S. , Sarathe Ajeet
Published: August 2022

The field experiments were conducted during the two consecutive rabi seasons 2017-18 and 2018-19 at farmer’s field to study the influence of drip irrigation on plant growth and yield parameters of garlic (cv. G-282) in Gogarpura village of Mandsaur district of Madhya Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with nine treatment combinations consisting of three irrigation levels and three fertilizer levels having three replications and one control plot treatment of flood irrigation in border strip. Three irrigation levels were 60% CPE, 80% CPE and 100% CPE. The maximum percentage of water saving over control treatment was observed in treatment 60% CPE (63.93%) followed by 80% CPE (51.90%) and 100% CPE (39.88%). The irrigation levels significantly affected (P<0.05) the plant height, marketable bulb yield and gross bulb yield of garlic. However, the neck thickness was not affected by irrigation levels. Highest plant height (73.01 cm), neck thickness (0.84 cm), marketable bulb yield (115.23 q/ha) and gross bulb yield (126.75 q/ha) was recorded in treatment 100% CPE.
GROWTH AND YIELD OF CAULIFLOWER AS AFFECTED BY BORON SPRAY AND IN-ROW PLANT SPACING
Authors: Farag A.A. , Abdrabbo M. A. A. , Maharik Z.Y. , El-Morshedy R.M.
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was tested in the Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate Experimental Farm, Dokki, Giza Governorate, Egypt, during the two growing seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 on cauliflower. The aim of this research was to study the effect of plant spacing foliar spraying with different concentrations of application of boron (B) on the vegetative growth, chemical content and curds yield of cauliflower cv. Amshiry under field conditions. Plants were sprayed with 50, 100 and 200 ppm at 20, 40, 60 and 80 days after transplanting, whilst the in-row plant spacing was 0.3 and 0.5 m between plants. Results showed that boron foliar application significantly improved vegetative growth parameters, curds yield and its components and chemical composition of leaves and cauliflower plant. Likewise, using 0.50 m plant spacing significantly enhanced plant fresh weight, plant height, leaves fresh weight and leaves dry weight and chemical composition of leaves and curds. The highest yield per plant was obtained by plant spacing 0.5m combined with 200 ppm boron followed by plant spacing 0.50 m combined with 100 ppm boron. On the other hand, the production from land units increased by using 0.3 m in-row plant spacing while the production of individual plants was less than 0.5m treatment. The 200 ppm boron application gave the highest net profit per feddan followed by 100 ppm. The lowest net profit was obtained by 0.30 m plant spacing combined with control treatment.
ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIALS OF CALOTHRIX SP. NDOP009
Authors: Singh J.P. , Prakash Om , Dwivedi N.
Published: August 2022

The current study concerns the characterization of the physico-chemical parameters of the soil habitats of Marrubium Vulgare L. in Hammam Bouhadjar (North West Algeria),Six soil samples were taken,the edaphic results show that this species grows on soils with loamy and sandy loam textures, may humid and alkaline pH, moderately rich in organic matter with moderately to heavily calcareous soil. Statistical processing carried out by principal component analysis indicate the presence of correlations between the soil stations sampled and the edaphic parameters.
EVALUATION OF GUAVA GERMPLASM FOR GROWTH, QUALITY AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES SUITABLE UNDER SODIC SOIL CONDITIONS
Authors: Santhi V.P. , Indhumathi K. , Ramesh Kumar A. , Gurusamy K. , Auxcilia J. , Arulmozhian R. , Paramaguru P.
Published: August 2022

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) popularly known as the "Apple of the Tropics", has gained considerable prominence on account of its high nutritive value, availability at moderate prices and pleasant flavour. It is a rich source of vitamin C and pectin, moderately good source of calcium and a fair source of phosphorus. The study was carried out to evaluate the guava (Psidium gujava L.) germplasm for growth, yield and quality under sodic soil condition. Totally 31 accessions of guava germplasm were collected and planted in RBD with 4 replications at Orchard, Horticultural College & Research Institute for Women, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Trichy and evaluated for 5 years (2014 to 2018) under sodic condition. Growth observations on plant height (m), trunk circumference (cm), plant spread (E – W) (m) and plant spread (N – S) (m) and tree volume (cm3 ) were recorded. Further, yield and quality attributes viz., number of fruits tree-1, fruit length, fruit diameter, average fruit weight, fruit yield tree-1, pulp colour, flesh thickness, rind thickness and TSS were also recorded. Among the guava germplasm, “Surka Chitti Natputani” was found to be vigorous in growth habit followed by “Mirzapur seedling” whereas dwarfness and erect growth were observed in “Cheeni guava”. The accession “Nasik” recorded the highest fruit yield (26.285 kg tree-1) followed by “Mirzapur Seedling” (24.277kg tree-1). Dessert quality attributes viz., rind thickness, soft seed and total soluble solid were found to be best in “Allahabad Safed”. The present studies impart knowledge on morphological, quantitative variation and quality parameters of guava fruits and can be useful for producers, breeders, and processors. The salt tolerant genotypes having the capable of maintaining osmotic potential and providing more food materials.
Adopting Molecular Testing for Solid Tumors in Latin America: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Araujo Luiz Henrique , Costa Felipe D’Almeida , Parra Rafael , Pitoia Fabián , Rico-Restrepo Mariana , Santos Marcos , Pino Luiz Eduardo
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The advent of precision medicine, including molecular testing (MT), has revolutionized the cancer care landscape and may provide a path forward in the sustainability of cancer care.

Methods: Americas Health Foundation (AHF) identified a panel of seven experts in MT with backgrounds in clinical oncology, molecular pathology, and bioethics from Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia. They convened for a three-day virtual meeting on November 10-12, 2021, to discuss the need for widespread access and adoption of MT for solid tumors in Latin America (LA).

Results: The authors identified challenges in MT access in molecular medicine (MM) in LA and proposed suggestions to manage them. Development and implementation of human talent, infrastructure, and policy strategies are essential to provide MT in LA. This review outlines the substantial challenges faced by countries in LA to the widespread adoption of MT in oncology and provides recommendations on overcoming them.

Conclusions: Despite the many advantages of MT for solid tumors, the challenges for implementation in LA healthcare systems are sizable and multidimensional. These include regional deficiencies in trained teams, fragmented healthcare systems, and inefficiently distributed budget allocations.
Morphometric Analysis and Clinical Significance of Cervical Vertebrae: Example of Turkey
Authors: GÜLER Hatice , UĞUZ Emre , YILMAZ Halil , ESEN Eda Esra , GÜÇLÜ EKİNCİ Hilal Kübra
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The spine is the column that carries the weight of the head and the torso and contains the medulla spinalis that is a part of the Central Nervous System within the canal inside it. Changes occur in the anatomical structures of the vertebrae in cases of infections involving the vertebrae and fractures and deformities arising from traumatic or non-traumatic causes. The determination of such changes in the vertebrae is critically important in terms of treatment or surgical intervention. Morphometric measurements have an important place in the detection of these changes. Moreover, recently, cervical vertebral measurements have been used in sex identification, the preliminary diagnosis of genetic diseases and age identification. We aimed for the results of our study to support clinical interventions to be made in the cervical vertebrae, forensic medicine applications and anthropological applications as a reference in the literature. Methods: In the study, 54 cervical vertebrae in the form of dry bones belonging to the neck region were used as the material. Twenty-three different parameters were measured with a digital caliper at a precision 0.01 mm. Results: Measurements were made on 31 C3-C6, 7 C7, 8 C1 and 8 C2 vertebrae. The mean measurement values were determined as a corpus vertebrae height (anterior) of 17.26±2.10 mm, a corpus vertebrae length (posterior) of 14.81±2.02 mm, a right lamina arcus vertebrae length of 13.34±2.11 mm, a diagonal foramen vertebrale length of 20.21±1.60 mm, a distance between the farthest points of massa lateralis atlantis of 73.99 (66.86-86.94) mm, and a transverse corpus vertebrae diameter of 25.03±4.35 mm. Conclusion: In the cervical vertebral measurements of the Turkish population in our study, we observed that the results on corpus vertebrae height and transverse diameter varied based on races, and the measurements of the Turkish population were higher. In addition, low, medium and high positive-negative relationships were determined by performing correlation analysis between the vertebrae. Accordingly, we think that these analyses will be helpful in the preparation of the atlas and the drawing of vertebrae.
Influence of Work-Life Initiatives on Employees’ Performance in Commercial Banks in Nairobi County
Authors: Jane Muthoni Kinuthia , Kiragu Leonard Ngero
Published: August 2022

The workplace today has become tasking compared to decades ago. Advancement in technology has blurred the boundary between work and leisure. Previous research has shown that for an employee to be effective in the workplace, they must strike a good balance between their job and their life-related roles. This research aimed at investigating the effects of work-life initiatives on employee performance in commercial banks in Nairobi County. Employees in commercial banks are likely to have work-life imbalance because their job is quite demanding and requires long working hours. The specific objectives of this study sought to investigate the effect of leaves, paid time off, flexi-time, and recreational facilities on employee performance. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. The target population was 121 employees of the 41 commercial banks in Nairobi County. This study used stratified random sampling to determine the employees who participated in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data for the study. The reliability of the instruments was tested using Cronbach alpha where a score of 0.688 was obtained. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics focused on the means and standard deviations while Pearson’s correlation was used to test the relationship between the study variables. The results indicated that leaves, paid time off, flexi-time, and recreational facilities had a positive correlation with the performance of between 0.2 and 0.4. The study concluded that to improve the existing leave policies, the leave allowance should be paid on time. Proper tracking of paid time off is important to ensure that the cost arising from this initiative is minimized. The paid time off not taken should be treated as overtime and employees compensated for the same. The study recommended the introduction of flexi-time in an organization where it does not exist and the involvement of employees in the formulation of a flexi-time program to make it relevant. The study further recommended the introduction of recreational facilities which employees felt are important to them and would act as a form of intrinsic reward.
Recent extreme drought events in the Amazon rainforest: assessment of different precipitation and evapotranspiration datasets and drought indicators
Authors: Papastefanou Phillip , Zang Christian S. , Angelov Zlatan , de Castro Aline Anderson , Jimenez Juan Carlos , De Rezende Luiz Felipe Campos , Ruscica Romina C. , Sakschewski Boris , Sörensson Anna A. , Thonicke Kirsten , Vera Carolina , Viovy Nicolas , Von Randow Celso , Rammig Anja
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Over the last decades, the Amazon rainforest has been hit by multiple severe
drought events. Here, we assess the severity and spatial extent of the extreme drought years 2005, 2010 and 2015/16 in the Amazon region and
their impacts on the regional carbon cycle. As an indicator of drought
stress in the Amazon rainforest, we use the widely applied maximum cumulative water deficit (MCWD). Evaluating nine state-of-the-art
precipitation datasets for the Amazon region, we find that the spatial
extent of the drought in 2005 ranges from 2.2 to 3.0 (mean =2.7) ×106 km2 (37 %–51 % of the Amazon basin, mean =45 %), where MCWD indicates at least moderate drought conditions (relative MCWD anomaly <-0.5). In 2010, the affected area was about 16 % larger, ranging from 3.0 up to 4.4 (mean =3.6) ×106 km2 (51 %–74 %, mean =61 %). In 2016, the mean area affected by drought stress was between 2005 and 2010 (mean =3.2×106 km2; 55 % of the Amazon basin), but the general disagreement between datasets was larger, ranging from 2.4 up to 4.1×106 km2 (40 %–69 %). In addition, we compare differences and similarities among datasets using the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) and a dry-season rainfall anomaly index (RAI). We find that scPDSI shows a stronger and RAI a much weaker drought impact in terms of extent and severity for the year 2016 compared to MCWD. We further investigate the impact of varying evapotranspiration on the drought indicators using two state-of-the-art evapotranspiration datasets. Generally, the variability in drought stress is most dependent on the drought indicator (60 %), followed by the choice of the precipitation dataset (20 %) and the evapotranspiration dataset (20 %).
Using a fixed, constant evapotranspiration rate instead of variable
evapotranspiration can lead to an overestimation of drought stress in the
parts of Amazon basin that have a more pronounced dry season (for example
in 2010). We highlight that even for well-known drought events the spatial
extent and intensity can strongly depend upon the drought indicator and the data sources it is calculated with. Using only one data source and drought
indicator has the potential danger of under- or overestimating drought stress
in regions with high measurement uncertainty, such as the Amazon basin.
A 300 000-year record of cold-water coral mound build-up at the East Melilla Coral Province (SE Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean)
Authors: Fentimen Robin , Feenstra Eline , Rüggeberg Andres , Hall Efraim , Rime Valentin , Vennemann Torsten , Hajdas Irka , Rosso Antonietta , Van Rooij David , Adatte Thierry , Vogel Hendrik , Frank Norbert , Foubert Anneleen
Published: August 2022

Abstract. This study provides a detailed reconstruction of cold-water coral
mound build-up within the East Melilla Coral Province (southeastern Alboran
Sea), more precisely at the northern part of Brittlestar Ridge I, over the
last 300 kyr. The multiproxy investigation of core MD13-3462G reveals that
mound build-up took place during both interglacial and glacial periods at
average aggradation rates ranging between 1 and 10 cm kyr−1. These
observations imply that corals never thrived but rather developed under
stressful environmental conditions. Maximum aggradation rates of 18 cm kyr−1 are recorded during the last glacial period, hence providing the
first evidence of coral mound development during this time period in the
western Mediterranean. The planktonic (Globigerina bulloides) and benthic (Lobatula lobatula) δ18O
records from core MD13-3462G show typical interglacial–glacial variations
during the last two interglacial–glacial cycles. This is in contrast with
δ18O records generally recovered from coral mounds and
highlights that the northern part of Brittlestar Ridge I experienced reduced
albeit relatively continuous accretion. High abundances of infaunal benthic
foraminifera (Bulimina marginata, Bulimina striata, and Uvigerina mediterranea) suggest that weak seafloor oxygenation associated with
important terrestrial organic matter input characterized interglacial
periods, whilst the dominance of large epibenthic species (Discanomalina coronata and Lobatula lobatula) and
Miliolids is probably linked to stronger Levantine Intermediate Water
circulation and fresher organic matter input during glacial periods. In
addition, the computed tomography (CT) quantification of macrofaunal remains shows that the
bryozoan Buskea dichotoma is present throughout the entire 300 kyr of mound build-up
history, with the exception of MIS 5, and is possibly a key contributor to
mound development during glacial periods. The comparison of our observations
to other long-term coral mound records demonstrates that western and central
Mediterranean coral mounds do not show concurrent build-up over
interglacial–glacial cycles, implying that their development may be driven
by regional and local environmental forcing.
Invited perspectives: Views of 350 natural hazard community members on key challenges in natural hazards research and the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Šakić Trogrlić Robert , Donovan Amy , Malamud Bruce D.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. In this paper, we present the results of an NHESS
(Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences) 20th anniversary survey, in which 350 natural hazard community members
responded to two questions: (Q1) “what are the top three scientific
challenges you believe are currently facing our understanding of natural
hazards” and (Q2) “what three broad step changes should or could be done
by the natural hazard community to address natural hazards in achieving the
Sustainable Development Goals”? We have analysed the data quantitatively
and qualitatively. According to the 350 respondents, the most significant
challenges (Q1) are the following (within brackets % of 350 respondents
who identified a given theme): (i) shortcomings in the knowledge of risk and
risk components (64 %), (ii) deficiencies of hazard and risk reduction
approaches (37 %), (iii) influence of global change, especially climate
change (35 %), (iv) integration of social factors (18%), (v)
inadequate translation of science to policy and practice (17 %), and (vi)
lack of interdisciplinary approaches (6 %). In order for the natural
hazard community to support the implementation of the Sustainable
Development Goals (Q2), respondents called for (i) enhanced stakeholder
engagement, communication and knowledge transfer (39 %), (ii) increased
management and reduction of disaster risks (34 %), (iii) enhanced
interdisciplinary research and its translation to policy and practice (29 %), (iv) a better understanding of natural hazards (23 %), (v) better
data, enhanced access to data and data sharing (9 %), and (vi) increased
attention to developing countries (6 %). We note that while the most
common knowledge gaps are felt to be around components of knowledge about
risk drivers, the step changes that the community felt were necessary
related more to issues of wider stakeholder engagement, increased risk
management and interdisciplinary working.
Snow Avalanche Frequency Estimation (SAFE): 32 years of monitoring remote avalanche depositional zones in high mountains of Afghanistan
Authors: Caiserman Arnaud , Sidle Roy C. , Gurung Deo Raj
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Snow avalanches are the predominant hazards in winter in high-elevation mountains. They cause damage to both humans and assets but cannot
be accurately predicted. Here we show how remote sensing can accurately
inventory large avalanche depositional zones every year in a large basin
using a 32-year snow index derived from Landsat satellite archives. This Snow
Avalanche Frequency Estimation (SAFE) built in an open-access Google Engine
script maps snow hazard frequency and targets vulnerable areas in remote
regions of Afghanistan, one of the most data-limited areas worldwide. SAFE
correctly detected the actual depositional zones of avalanches identified
in Google Earth and in the field (probability of detection 0.77 and positive
predictive value 0.96). A total of 810 000 large depositional zones of
avalanches have occurred since 1990 within an area of 28 500 km2 with a mean
frequency of 0.88 avalanches per square kilometre per year, damaging villages and blocking
roads and streams. Snow avalanche frequency did not significantly change
with time, but a northeast shift of these hazards was evident. SAFE is the
first robust model that can be used worldwide and is especially capable of
filling data voids in snow avalanche impacts in inaccessible regions.
Effects on Early Monsoon Rainfall in West Africa due to Recent Deforestation in a Convection-permitting Ensemble
Authors: Crook Julia , Klein Cornelia , Folwell Sonja , Taylor Christopher M. , Parker Douglas J. , Bamba Adama , Kouadio Kouakou
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Tropical deforestation can have a significant effect on climate, but research attention has been directed mostly on Amazonian deforestation. The southern part of West Africa (a region dependent on rain-fed agriculture and vulnerable to droughts and flooding) has seen significant deforestation since the 1950s. Many previous tropical deforestation studies have used idealized and exaggerated deforestation scenarios and parameterized convection models. In this study we estimate realistic historical deforestation from the Land Use Harmonization dataset in West Africa and simulate the impacts in a 5-day ensemble forecast in June using a convection-permitting regional climate model. We find that sensible heat flux increases at the expense of latent heat flux in most deforested regions and rainfall increases by an average of 8.4 % over deforested pixels from 18:00–6:00 UTC, whereas changes are much less pronounced during the day. Over large areas of deforestation ~300 km inland (e.g., West Guinea) the roughness-length- and thermally induced enhanced convergence during the afternoon and evening occurs over the deforested areas resulting in increases in rainfall with little impact from reduced daytime humidity. In areas of coastal deforestation (e.g., Cote d’Ivoire), increased winds drive the sea breeze convection inland, resulting in evening rainfall reductions over the deforested area but increases further inland, in line with observations. We suggest our results would not be replicated in parameterized convection models, which are known to struggle with capturing peak convective activity in the late afternoon and long-lived nocturnal rainfall, and with reproducing observed surface-rainfall feedbacks.
The Effectiveness and Transferability of a Block-Mode Discipline-Specific Academic Language Development Program.
Authors: Yeo Joseph , O'Donoghue Gemma
Published: August 2022

To address the demands from their courses, students with insufficient language proficiency who cannot attend the standard subject-specific academic language development program are directed to an alternative discipline-specific program – the Language Development Tutorial in Block mode, at the University of Technology Sydney. This practice report evaluates the effectiveness of the alternative program, and the transferability of disciplinary learnings to a subject and assessment level. The findings reveal that most students were satisfied with the program and agreed that it had helped to improve their confidence, discipline-specific language and literacy skills, subject content understanding, and ability to complete their assessments. Students who completed the program were also more likely to achieve higher subject results than those who did not attend/complete it. The findings reinforce the need to provide alternative discipline-specific support where subject-specific support is not viable. More in-depth investigation in future iterations will improve the program’s impact.
Vegetation analysis and the effectiveness of methyl metsulfuron herbicide to control weeds in immature oil palm plantation
Authors: Pani Asma , Ardi  , Efendi Siska
Published: August 2022

One of the obstacles faced in oil palm cultivation, especially in the immature plant phase, is weeds, weeds can inhibit oil palm growth. So that weeds require special attention during cultivation, the presence of these weeds will become competitors for oil palm plants in fulfilling nutrients, light and water. This study aims to determine the composition of the types and vegetation structure of weeds in immature oil palm plants in large plantations so that the dose of herbicide with active ingredient Methyl Metsulfuron 20% is effective in controlling weeds in immature oil palm plantations in large plantations and studying the phytotoxicity of herbicides made from 20% active Methyl Metsulfuron in immature oil palm trees in large plantations. This study used a randomized block design (RBD), which consisted of 7 levels of treatment, 5 of which used the herbicide methyl metsulfuron 20% at a dose of 87.50 g / ha, 75.00 g / ha, 62.50 g / ha, 50.00 g / ha, 37.50 g / ha. ha and 2 including mechanical and control weeding which is repeated 4 times. Data analysis was performed with the F test, followed by the DMRT test at 5% level. The results showed that there were two species of weeds that dominated the research area, namely B. mutica and A. gangetica weeds with SDR values of 33.13% and 24.73%. The application of herbicides made from 20% methyl metsulfuron as active ingredients in controlling weeds in immature oil palm plantations is able to control 2 types of weeds, namely weeds including Melastoma malabathricum, Clidemia hirta with the best dose of 50.00 g / ha and 37.50 g / ha from the first 4 weeks up to 12 Weeks After Application (MSA).
Técnica simples, de baixo custo e de fácil execução para o acesso de canais calcificados em dentes molares: relato de casos clínicos
Authors: Lima Danielly Davi Correia , Durant Ana Lyssa Corsino , Galvão Alexia da Mata , Oliveira Nayara Rodrigues Nascimento , Silva Gisele Rodrigues da , Oliveira Maria Antonieta Veloso Carvalho de
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo relatar dois casos clínicos em que foram empregados uma técnica simples e de baixo custo para o acesso a entrada de canais calcificados e atrésicos em dentes molares. A técnica foi utilizada em 70 pacientes atendidos no projeto de extensão Tratamento Endodôntico e Restaurador em Dentes Molares, da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia que apresentavam de canais atrésicos calcificados ou que apresentassem dificuldade no acesso de limas ao terço cervical do canal radicular. Dois casos clínicos foram separados para demonstrar a técnica sendo, um realizado no dente 46 de paciente do sexo feminino com 38 anos e outro no dente 16 de paciente do sexo masculino com 64 anos. Após exames clínico e radiográfico foram realizadas a abertura coronária e exploração dos canais com limas Kerr, em seguida a técnica que utiliza broca Gates Glidden nº4 e ácido etilenodiaminotetra-acético (EDTA) para remoção da dentina terciária da entrada dos canais facilitando a instrumentação dos canais com qualquer sistema de limas a ser escolhido pelo cirurgião dentista. Conclui-se que o uso de substâncias quelantes e de brocas Gates Glidden para melhoria da visualização e remoção da dentina na entrada dos canais se mostram eficiente, de baixo custo e de fácil execução; sendo uma técnica indicada para clínicos que atuam no sistema público onde os recursos financeiros para custear a aquisição e a manutenção dos aparelhos são limitados.
Avaliação do perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos óbitos por COVID-19 em homens e mulheres adultos no estado do Maranhão
Authors: Fonseca Gustavo Soares Gomes Barros , Noleto Rodrigo Sevilla , Breitenbach Luciana Martinuzzi , Leal Heloisa Silva , Carneiro Maria Eduarda de Carvalho Penha , Freitas Júnior Lindomar Faria de , Costa Felipe Teixeira , Carvalho Ana Emanuelle Ribeiro Nunes , Pereira Fabricia Carvalho Dourado , Silva Victor Matheus Santos da , Britto Maria Luiza Tenório Dantas , Capistranio Yasmin de Matos , Cordeiro Priscilla Leite , Sampaio Myrela Murad , Barbosa Lorena Cristina Lima , Vieira Larissa Lima , Freitas Amanda Karen de Oliveira , Rezende Edduardo Willker Teixeira de , Britto Maria Tenório Dantas , Brustolon Lohanne de Lima , Gomes José Elias Moreira , Araujo Gabriella Rodrigues , Araujo Victor de Castro , Leite Marco Antonio , Nava Jusciellyson da Silva , Marques Ianca Thais Lopes
Published: August 2022

O coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2) disseminou-se mundialmente e causou a Doença do Coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) em aproximadamente 46 milhões de pessoas até novembro de 2020, configurando uma pandemia após um chamado de alerta da Organização Mundial da Saúde. As comorbidades mais prevalentes dos pacientes infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2 são a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus. Tais pacientes que frequentemente realizam o tratamento com inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 ou bloqueadores dos receptores da angiotensina II tipo I possuem um aumento considerável na expressão dos receptores da enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 (ECA2), facilitando a entrada do coronavírus. Esses mesmos pacientes acabam desenvolvendo um pior prognóstico da patologia, que pode ser letal. Outros estudos mostraram que mulheres e homens adultos respondem diferentemente à infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. A expressão da ECA2 é influenciada por hormônios sexuais, dessa forma, seria uma das razões da maior prevalência masculina. No Maranhão, os casos de infecção foram inicialmente investigados no final de fevereiro, com duas suspeitas. Em relação à mortalidade, o sexo masculino apresentou maior taxa (62%), o que evidencia a relevância do gênero no prognóstico. A presente pesquisa pretende analisar, através de um levantamento de dados, o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos óbitos por COVID-19 em homens e mulheres adultos no estado do Maranhão, estabelecendo um comparativo entre a sintomatologia da COVID-19, ao considerar não apenas o perfil epidemiológico, como também o sociodemográfico e morbidades associadas, além de discorrer sobre a incidência das formas de gravidade da doença em ambos os sexos.
From yerba mate to its processors: an analysis of its territorial dynamics in São Mateus do Sul, PR, Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil, Silva Wagner da , Rosas Celbo Antonio da Fonseca ,   Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil
Published: August 2022

The exploitation of yerba mate goes beyond economic issues, due to its insertion in a dynamic multidimensional territorial context. Therefore, the initial analysis of its construction occurs from the relations of the object/subject of study in the territory. The plot inherent to the territory is marked by the diversity of subjects, elements and dynamics that compose the territorialities, resulting in a complexity specific to each territorial clipping. This paper seeks to understand the territorial dynamics of the exploitation of yerba mate from the municipality of São Mateus do Sul, a territorial cutout located in the southeastern part of Paraná State, which, along with five other municipalities, has the recognition of the Geographical Indication (GI) of yerba mate. The data and information analyzed point to contradictions between the planted and harvested area and asymmetric relations between the groups involved in the process, in a complex and dynamic network.
Impacts of the Belo Monte Dam on the artisanal fishermen of Colony Z-57, in Altamira, PA, Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, UNIFESSPA, Marabá, PA, Brasil, Rodrigues Marcos Mascarenhas Barbosa , Cavalcante Maria Madalena de Aguiar ,   Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
Published: August 2022

The trauma that resulted from the construction of large hydroelectric dams in the Amazon is marked by major social and environmental restructuring, plunder, and impacts, on Indigenous Lands, Conservation Units, and residents on the outskirts of cities or through the country roads. In general, the effects caused by the Belo Monte HPP gain prominence and production, in which one of them composes the objective of this article: to analyze the impacts on the fishing territory. Having as methodological path the bibliographic review, field, and relative work with the fishermen of the Fishing Colony Z-57. It appears that the installation of the plant ended up deleteriously altering the systemic and cultural relations, under which the fishing territory is expressed. Compromising it, translating into low fishing stocks in the communities; a decrease of up to 70% in fisheries production and, consequently, an increase in pain and economic costs for carrying out the activity. It was evident that the legal frameworks and the licensing instruments, all the judicialization resulting from these infrastructure projects, and the struggle imposed on their installation, were not capable of safeguarding the interests of society - fishermen, specifically - in the face of the despoliation effect of the construction of the hydroelectric dam on the fishing territory.
Regionalism and Regional Integration in South America:A discussion on the difficulties and ideological divergences (2000-2016).
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil, Brigola Higor Ferreira
Published: August 2022

This paper analyzes the regional integration process in South America and discusses the main difficulties and obstacles until 2016. During the 2000s, with the so-called Pink Tide, there was the rise of several left-wing and center-left governments in the region, which were dedicated to formalizing regional integration initiatives to project South America as a center of power on the international scene. However, these initiatives were not homogeneous in their ideological aspects, generating some contrasts between them. Also, with the decline of the left-wing and center-left governments in the region between 2011 and 2016, the initiatives gradually weakened, causing a setback to regional integration in the subcontinent.
Analysis of temporal evolution of deaths from Covid-19in Chapecó, SC, Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, UFFS, Chapecó, SC, Brasil, Oliveira Jiennifer Souza de , Nascimento Ederson ,   Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, UFFS, Chapecó, SC, Brasil
Published: August 2022

This paper presents an analysis of the evolution of deaths caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the municipality of Chapecó, State of Santa Catarina (Brazil). This is an ecological study, carried out through temporal analyzes using secondary data, which considers the number of deaths and the municipality’s health resources, from January 1st to July 31st, 2021. In this period, 562 deaths were registered of people with a confirmed diagnosis for COVID-19, of which 469 occurred between February and April. The profiles of such deaths were identified by sex and age group of each case. Overcrowding of beds was identified in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs), both in the Unified Health System (SUS) and in the private hospital network, especially in March, April, and May. Finally, it is highlighting the importance of vaccination to reduce mortality from the disease in the municipality.
Using Web-GIS Vicon as a Risk and Disaster Communication Tool.
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, PUCPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil, Fonseca Murilo Noli da , Acordes Fabiane Aline ,   Coordenadoria Estadual de Proteção e Defesa Civil do Paraná (CEPDEC-PR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
Published: August 2022

Risk and disaster management involves a large amount of data that needs to be collected, processed, and analyzed to become information that results, therefore, in measures to reduce risk and damage. Therefore, this study aims to describe how the macro processes of risk and disaster management are supported using Geographic Information Systems in the Web platform (SIG Web). More specifically, the use of SIG Web VICON as an alternative to improve risk and disaster management actions, especially in the context of disaster risk assessment and communication by the protection and civil defense agencies in Brazil. The contribution of information that the tool provides for the identification, monitoring of threats, response actions, and characterization of vulnerable populations, makes VICON an instrument with high potential to support reducing the impacts caused by disasters.
تحليل الخصائص في المذهب الكلاسيكي والمذهب الواقعي ومطابقتها من خلال نص مسرحية فيدر لجان راسين ونص حورية من البحر لهنريك ابسن نموذجا
Authors:   ماجستير، اللغة العربية وآدابها، الكلية الآداب والعلوم الانسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، مكة المكرمة، المملكة العربية السعودية, مباركي زهراء
Published: August 2022

يتميز الادب المسرحي بصفة عامه بأهميته في تحليل النصوص الأدبية والمسرحية ومقارنتها بالمذاهب والمدارس الأدبية المختلفة حيث أن لكل مذهب ومدرسة خصائص وسمات تميزها عن غيرها وفي هذه الدراسة عملت الباحثة بتحليل نص ادبي كلاسيكي لجان راسين (فيدر) ونص واقعي لهنريك ابسن (حورية من البحر) وقارنت وطابقت الخصائص الموجودة في كل مذهب على نص فيدر ونص حورية البحر، حيث قامت الباحثة باستخلاص واستخراج خصائص المذهب الكلاسيكي والمذهب الواقعي، ثم بدأت بمطابقة الخصائص والسمات لكل مذهب من خلال النص المسرحي نفسه وبالترتيب لكل خاصية وسمة وبما يتوافق مع النص وما يحمله من خصائص اسلوبية تدل على اتجاه النص وتحديد المذهب المنتمي له، ونتج عن هذه المطابقة هو موافقة النصيين لكلا المذهبين في جميع خصائصهما الفنية والجمالية، حيث انتمى نص فيدر لجان راسين وحسب تحليل الخصائص والمطابقة الى المذهب الكلاسيكي حيث استوفى على كافة الخصائص المعروفة للمذهب الكلاسيكي، وكذلك نص حورية من البحر لهنريك ابسن قد استوفى على اكثر من خاصية وسمة في المذهب الواقعي ، وبالتالي نستطيع القول بالحكم على أن نص فيدر هو نص كلاسيكي مستوفي الشروط ، ونص حورية من البحر نص واقعي مستوفي الشروط والسمات .وتهدف الدراسة الى أن يتعرف المهتمين بالمجال المسرحي في معرفة النصوص المسرحية والمدارس التي تنتمي اليها من خلال خصائصها الفنية بكل يسر وسهولة، والاهتمام بهذا النوع من الدراسات النقدية والأدبية في المجال المسرحي.
The Role of Human Resource Management Practices in Achieving Job Satisfaction within Organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A Field Study on a Group of Small and Medium-sized Companies in Jeddah)
Authors:   PhD in Business Administration, College of Business Administration, University of Lincoln, Malaysia, Badraig Haifa
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to discover the role of human resource management practices in achieving job satisfaction within organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The field of study consists of a group of small and medium companies located in the city of Jeddah. A questionnaire was prepared and developed for the study. For the purpose of this study, (150) questionnaires were distributed to the employees of the group of companies under study. The number of questionnaires returned was (147) with a percentage of (98%). After examining the retrieved forms, it was found that there were (6) questionnaires with incorrect and incomplete data. Thus, the number of valid questionnaires for analysis is (141), which represents (94%) of the total number that was distributed. After testing and analyzing the hypotheses of the study, the results showed that there is a statistically significant effect of human resource management practices on employee satisfaction in small and medium-sized companies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. There is a statistically significant effect of recruitment and selection on employee satisfaction in small and medium-sized companies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. There is a statistically significant effect of training programs on employee satisfaction in small and medium-sized companies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. One of the most prominent recommendations of the study is that the senior management in institutions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia implement a more equitable incentive system that provides employees with the benefits they need other than basic benefits, such as health care, additional wages, and other non-essential benefits.
الدور الوقائي للخدمة الاجتماعية في مواجهة أزمة جائحة كورونا (دراسة تطبيقية على الاخصائيين الاجتماعيين بمستشفيات العزل الصحي بمنطقة مكة المكرمة)
Authors:   ماجستير علم الاجتماع والخدمة الاجتماعية، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, الشريف شادي , عسيري علي ,   ماجستير علم الاجتماع والخدمة الاجتماعية، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية
Published: August 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على الدور الوقائي للخدمة الاجتماعية في مواجهة أزمة جائحة كورونا لدى الأخصائيين الاجتماعيين العاملين بمستشفيات العزل الصحي بمنطقة مكة المكرمة، وذلك من خلال التعرف على طبيعة الدور الوقائي الذي تقدمه الخدمة الاجتماعية في مواجهة أزمة جائحة كورونا، والتعرف على اتجاهات أعضاء الفريق الطبي بالمستشفيات نحو أهمية الدور الذي يقوم به الأخصائي الاجتماعي كعضو أساسي في الفريق العلاجي، والمعوقات التي تحول دون قيام الأخصائي الاجتماعي بدوره الوقائي في مواجهة أزمة كورونا، ووضع مقترحات تساعد في تفعيل دور الخدمة الاجتماعية في مواجهة الأزمات الصحية. وقد استخدم الباحثان منهج المسح الاجتماعي لعينة من الأخصائيين الاجتماعيين العاملين بمستشفيات العزل الصحة بمنطقة مكة المكرمة وبلغ عددها (53) أخصائي اجتماعي، واعتمدت الدراسة على الاستبانة كأداة رئيسية لجمع بيانات الدراسة الميدانية من عينة الدراسة، وتم تحليل هذه البيانات من خلال برنامج spss، وكان من أهم نتائج الدراسة موافقة أفراد العينة على الدور الوقائي الذي تقدمه الخدمة الاجتماعية في مواجهة أزمة جائحة كورونا كانت كبيرة. كما توصلت الدراسة إلى أن اتجاهات أعضاء الفريق الطبي بالمستشفيات نحو أهمية الدور الذي يقوم به الأخصائي الاجتماعي كعضو أساسي في الفريق العلاجي كانت كبيرة وتمثلت في أن التمريض يتقبل تدخلات الأخصائي الاجتماعي لحل مشكلات المرضى داخل العزل، كما يهتم الفريق الطبي بالمعلومات التي يقدمها لهم الأخصائي الاجتماعي عن حالة المرضى. وأظهرت النتائج أن أهم المعوقات التي تحول دون قيام الأخصائي الاجتماعي بدوره الوقائي في مواجهة أزمة كورونا هي نقص الميزانية المخصصة للخدمة الاجتماعية بالقطاع الصحي، وندرة وجود برامج تدريبية موجهة للأخصائيين الاجتماعيين لتطوير أدائهم المهني. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تنمية وعى الأطباء والتمريض وباقي أعضاء الفرق الطبية بطبيعة أدوار ومهام الأخصائيين الاجتماعيين بالمستشفى لتغيير النظرة الخاطئة تجاه الأخصائيين.