bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rosaleen Howard-Malverde (ed.), Creating context
in Andean cultures. (Oxford studies in anthropological
linguistics, 6.) Oxford & New York: Oxford University
Press, 1997. Pp. xiii, 255. Pb $29.95.
Authors: King Kendall A.
Published: October 2003

This excellent collection of twelve papers is sure
to be of keen interest to Andean scholars from a range
of disciplines. Howard-Malverde has succeeded at two difficult
tasks: compiling a substantial number of academically outstanding
papers and, perhaps a greater challenge for an editor,
creating a volume which reads as a coherent whole. The
latter feat is even more impressive given the breadth and
depth of the contributions and the varied academic backgrounds
of the contributors. The volume's authors are scholars
of anthropology, linguistics, history, and literature,
reflecting the academic traditions of nations both in Europe
and in North and South America. All but two papers were
originally presented at the 1991 conference, “Textuality
in Amerindian cultures,” convened by RHM and William
Rowe.
Adverbials for turn projection in Japanese: Toward a
demystification of the “telepathic” mode of communication
Authors: TANAKA HIROKO
Published: October 2003

This article employs conversation analysis to investigate
the role of adverbials in Japanese talk-in-interaction for the
projection of further talk and some implications this has for
interactional styles. Through examination of naturally occurring
talk, it is first observed that a typical usage of adverbials
is in some position preceding the predicate, although they are
also appended as post-predicate additions. Second, when adverbials
are produced prior to a predicate, evidently they can strongly
project a forthcoming predicate within the particular interactional
context. Given the importance of predicates within Japanese
turns, adverbials have a major part to play, not only in assisting
participants to foreshadow a probable unfolding of an utterance,
but also to enable recipients to achieve early alignment with
emerging talk and to expedite the implementation of subsequent
actions. These features are shown to be a powerful resource
in the facilitation of seemingly implicit styles of
communication.
Jack B. Martin & Margaret McKane Mauldin, A
dictionary of Creek/Muskogee, with notes on the Florida and
Oklahoma Seminole dialects of Creek (Studies in the
anthropology of North American Indians.) Lincoln: University
of Nebraska Press, in cooperation with the American Indian Studies
Research Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington. Pp. xxxviii,
357. Hb $60.00.
Authors: Bright William
Published: October 2003

From the 1930s through the 1970s, the Muskogean languages
of the southeastern US were virtually the scholarly preserve
of the late Mary R. Haas, and no modern grammars or dictionaries
were available for them. In more recent years, it has been a
pleasure to witness increasing work in this language family by
Pamela Munro at UCLA – and her students, and her students'
students – and by Karen Booker and her associates at the
University of Kansas. The present volume is the third major Muskogean
dictionary to appear in the past few years.
Geoffrey Hughes, A history of English words.
Oxford (UK) & Malden (MA): Blackwell, 2000. Pp. v, 430.
Pb $29.95.
Authors: Falsberg Elizabeth
Published: October 2003

In this ambitious book, Hughes extends and broadens
the projects of his two earlier books, Words in time:
A social history of the English vocabulary (1988),
and Swearing: A social history of foul language, oaths
and profanity in English (1991). The contents range
from summaries of events in the history of English to specialized
lexical studies; the work's real strength, as with
Hughes's two earlier books, lies in its investigations
of the English vocabulary. While moving in a generally
diachronic fashion from the origins of English to present-day
Englishes, Hughes devotes much of the book to snapshots
of the English lexis at various points and in various registers,
queries as to how these configurations came about, how
they affect other areas of the language, and why they matter
to speakers. The motivation for the book, and its great
accomplishment, is to show that the English lexis is a
rich historical repository. Chronological discussions can
be found elsewhere, but the treatments of moments in the
English lexis provided by Hughes form a special and engaging
contribution. As the book jacket states, Hughes interrogates
the vocabulary “as an indicator of social change
and as a symbol reflecting different social dynamics between
speech communities and models of dominance, cohabitation,
colonialism, and globalization.”
Hiroko Tanaka, Turn-taking in Japanese
conversation: A study in grammar and interaction. (Pragmatics
and Beyond New Series, 56.) Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1999.
Pp. xiv, 242. Hb $87.00; Hiroko Furo, Turn-taking
in English and Japanese: Projectability in grammar, intonation
and semantics. New York: Routledge, 2001. Pp. xvi, 247.
Hb $70.00.
Authors: Ikuta Shoko
Published: October 2003

Both volumes under review cover the same topic,
turn-taking in Japanese in comparison with English. While Furo
compares Japanese and English data, Tanaka focuses on the analysis
of Japanese data, but nonetheless keeps a cross-cultural
perspective on turn-taking. Both are dealing with a now flourishing
area, the interface of grammar and interaction, based on the
model of turn-taking proposed by Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson
1974 and the work by Ford & Thompson 1996. Through the study
of turn-taking, Tanaka aims at exploring the interrelationship
of grammar and interaction, and Furo attempts to reveal how
aspects of language – grammar, intonation, and semantics
– and interaction influence one another, and how they
are intertwined in discourse. Both volumes emerged from doctoral
dissertations, Tanaka's at Oxford and Furo's at
Georgetown University. Despite many similarities, including
some of the findings, their approaches and presentations are
quite different.
POPULAR POLITICS IN IRELAND AND THE ACT OF UNION
Authors: Kelly James
Published: October 2003

THE most striking features of the popular political response in Ireland to the attempts between mid-1798 and mid-1800 to bring about the legislative union of Britain and Ireland are its comparative uneventfulness and traditional character. On first encounter, this observation may appear provocative since it is still commonly perceived, the work of G.C. Bolton notwithstanding, that the Act of Union was imposed upon a reluctant parliament and an antipathetic people. Moreover, it does not sit easily with what we know of popular anti-unionism in eighteenth-century Ireland, the most celebrated manifestation of which was the anti-union riot of 3 December 1759 when the Dublin mob invaded both houses of parliament and assaulted a number of leading officeholders arising out of a rumour that a legislative union was intended. Arising out of such manifestations of popular attachment to a domestic Irish parliament, and the high level of political, social and criminal violence during the 1790s, it is hardly surprising that leading figures in the Irish administration anticipated that serious public disorder would be a feature of the opposition to a union in 1798–1800. In point of fact, the decisive defeat of the 1798 rebellion and the strenuous efforts of United Irish leaders to minimise the extent of their revolutionary involvement thereafter ensured that there was no overt popular resistance from a quarter which, during the 1790s, treated every reference to a union with disdain.
X-ray emission from laser-irradiated gold targets with surface
modulation
Authors: DESAI T. , DAIDO H. , SUZUKI M. , SAKAYA N. , GUERREIRO A.R. , MIMA K.
Published: October 2003

X-ray emission spectra in the 5–22 nm range were recorded
from planar and structured (meshlike groove surface) gold targets
at 45° and 90° to the laser axis. A laser beam of 10-ns
duration with EL ≤ 700 mJ and
1.06-μm wavelength was used for the experiment. Experimental
results indicate an enhanced X-ray yield from a structured target
as compared to a planar target under identical experimental conditions.
Increased X-ray emission is attributed to plasma confinement and the
possibility of conversion of kinetic energy into localized thermal
energy of the plasma. Results are analyzed explicitly on the incident
laser energy.
Measurement and analysis of gas-puff density distributions
for plasma radiation source z pinches
Authors: MOSHER D. , WEBER B.V. , MOOSMAN B. , COMMISSO R.J. , COLEMAN P. , WAISMAN E. , SZE H. , SONG Y. , PARKS D. , STEEN P. , LEVINE J. , FAILOR B. , FISHER A.
Published: October 2003

High-sensitivity interferometry measurements of initial density
distributions are reviewed for a wide range of gas-puff nozzles
used in plasma radiation source (PRS) z-pinch experiments.
Accurate gas distributions are required for determining
experimental load parameters, modeling implosion dynamics,
understanding the radiation properties of the stagnated pinch,
and for predicting PRS performance in future experiments. For
a number of these nozzles, a simple ballistic-gas-flow model
(BFM) has been used to provide good physics-based analytic fits
to the measured r, z density distributions.
These BFM fits provide a convenient means to smoothly interpolate
radial density distributions between discrete axial measurement
locations for finer-zoned two-dimensional MHD calculations, and
can be used to determine how changes in nozzle parameters and
load geometry might alter implosion dynamics and radiation
performance. These measurement and analysis techniques are
demonstrated for a nested-shell nozzle used in Double Eagle
and Saturn experiments. For this nozzle, the analysis suggests
load modifications that may increase the K-shell yield.
Investigation of soft X-ray emission from Ar clusters heated
by ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: MOCEK T. , KIM C.M. , SHIN H.J. , LEE D.G. , CHA Y.H. , HONG K.H. , NAM C.H.
Published: October 2003

We report soft X-ray spectra (4–18 nm) produced by the
interaction of 25–100-fs laser pulses at an intensity of up
to 7 × 1016 W/cm2 with a cryogenically
cooled Ar gas jet. New spectral lines from Ar8+,
Ar9+, and Ar10+ charge states appeared
with decreasing preexpansion gas temperature. A nonlinear increase
of X-ray line emission from Ar7+, Ar8+, and
Ar9+ was observed with cooling, which saturated below a
certain temperature. The drastic change in the spectrum is attributed
to efficient collisional heating and collisional ionization of growing,
small- to medium-sized (102–103 atoms) Ar
clusters from the cooled jet. When the laser pulse was extended from 25
to 100 fs we observed considerably stronger emission on lines from high
charge states, such as Ar8+, Ar9+, and
Ar10+, which suggests that the resonance absorption condition
could be reached for the 100-fs pulse.
Overview of theory and modeling in the heavy ion fusion virtual
national laboratory
Authors: DAVIDSON R.C. , KAGANOVICH I.D. , LEE W.W. , QIN H. , STARTSEV E.A. , TZENOV S. , FRIEDMAN A. , BARNARD J.J. , COHEN R.H. , GROTE D.P. , LUND S.M. , SHARP W.M. , CELATA C.M. , DE HOON M. , HENESTROZA E. , LEE E.P. , YU S.S. , VAY J.-L. , WELCH D.R. , ROSE D.V. , OLSON C.L.
Published: October 2003

This article presents analytical and simulation studies of
intense heavy ion beam propagation, including the injection,
acceleration, transport and compression phases, and beam transport
and focusing in background plasma in the target chamber. Analytical
theory and simulations that support the High Current Experiment
(HCX), the Neutralized Transport Experiment (NTX), and the advanced
injector development program, are being used to provide a basic
understanding of the nonlinear beam dynamics and collective
processes, and to develop design concepts for the next-step
Integrated Beam Experiment (IBX), an Integrated Research Experiment
(IRE), and a heavy ion fusion driver. Three-dimensional nonlinear
perturbative simulations have been applied to collective
instabilities driven by beam temperature anisotropy, and to
two-stream interactions between the beam ions and any unwanted
background electrons; three-dimensional particle-in-cell
simulations of the 2-MV electrostatic quadrupole (ESQ) injector
have clarified the influence of pulse rise time; analytical
studies and simulations of the drift compression process have
been carried out; syntheses of a four-dimensional particle
distribution function from phase-space projections have been
developed; and studies of the generation and trapping of stray
electrons in the beam self-fields have been performed.
Particle-in-cell simulations, involving preformed plasma, are
being used to study the influence of charge and current
neutralization on the focusing of the ion beam in NTX and in
a fusion chamber.
Developing high brightness and high current beams for HIF injectors
Authors: AHLE LARRY , GROTE DAVE , KWAN JOE
Published: October 2003

The U.S. Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory is
continuing research into ion sources and injectors that
simultaneously provide high current (0.5–1.0 A) and high
brightness (normalized emittance better than 1.0 π-mm-mr).
The central issue of focus is whether to continue pursuing the
traditional approach of large surface ionization sources or
to adopt a multiaperture approach that transports many smaller
“beamlets” separately at low energies before allowing
them to merge. For the large surface source concept, the recent
commissioning of the 2-MeV injector for the High Current eXperiment
has increased our understanding of the beam quality limitations
for these sources. We have also improved our techniques for
fabricating large diameter aluminosilicate sources to improve
lifetime and emission uniformity. For the multiaperture approach,
we are continuing to study the feasibility of small surface
sources and a RF-induced plasma source in preparation for beamlet
merging experiments, while continuing to run computer simulations
for better understanding of this alternate concept. Experiments
into both architectures will be performed on a newly commissioned
ion source test stand at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
called STS-500. This stand test provides a platform for testing
a variety of ion sources and accelerating structures with 500-kV,
17-μs pulses. Recent progress in these areas is discussed
as well as plans for future experiments.
Iterative learning control for manipulator trajectory tracking without any control
singularity
Authors: Jiang Ping , Woo Peng-Yung , Unbehauen Rolf
Published: October 2003

In this paper, we investigate trajectory tracking in a multi-input nonlinear system, where there is little knowledge of the system parameters and the form of the nonlinear function. An identification-based iterative learning control (ILC) scheme to repetitively estimate the linearity in a neighborhood of a desired trajectory is presented. Based on this estimation, the original nonlinear system can track the desired trajectory perfectly by the aid of a regional training scheme. Just like in adaptive control, a singularity exists in ILC when the input coupling matrix is estimated. Singularity avoidance is discussed. A new parameter modification procedure for ILC is presented such that the determinant of the estimate of the input coupling matrix is uniformly bounded from below. Compared with the scheme used for adaptive control of a MIMO system, the proposed scheme reduces the computation load greatly. It is used in a robotic visual system for manipulator trajectory tracking without any information about the camera-robot relationship. The estimated image
Jacobian is updated repetitively and then its inverse is used to calculate the manipulator velocity without any singularity.
Reports and Surveys
Authors: Rudall B. H.
Published: October 2003

ADVANCED NEURO-ROBOTICS

1. ‘Robo Rat' project

United States scientists from SUNY Downstate Medical Centre have reported on a Robo Rat project that they have initiated. In a research paper published in Nature (May, 2002) they describe some of their remarkable results. It may soon be possible, we are told, that because of their researches, a remote-controlled living ‘Robo Rat' could be involved in numerous and varied applications. Their work is a spin-off from research to give paralysed people the ability to move and feel artificial limbs. The report of the project presents their findings and described how five rats carrying a special backpack, which contained a battery, radio receiver and brain stimulator, were controlled by a human operator sitting up to 500 yards away. The human operator was able to make them weave in and out of obstacles and navigated them over a course. Instead of using the traditional methods ofanimal training which associated behaviour with rewards, the researchers directly stimulated the parts of the animals' brains that responded to the movements of their whiskers and to receiving rewards of food. Electrical signals were sent to parts of the brain and provided a virtual contact to the animal's whiskers, showing them which way the operator wished them to go. In their research paper it is shown how by stimulaling these ‘whisker centres' the rats could be steered and by stimulating the brain's reward centre, they could reinforce the correct behaviour.
Introduction to Low Cost/Cost Effective Automation
Authors: Erbe H.-H.
Published: October 2003

I. INTRODUCTION

The contributions to this issue aim to provide robotics and, in general, the automatic control community with results of research and applications focused on the cost-effectiveness of automation systems.

Low Cost Automation or Cost Effective Automation promotes cost oriented reference architectures and development approaches that properly integrate human skill and technical solutions, includes decentralized process control strategies, addresses automation integrated with information
processing, as well as automation of non-sophisticated and easily handled operations for production maintenance.

Low Cost Automation is not an oxymoron like military intelligence or jumbo shrimps. It opposes the rising cost of sophisticated automation and propagates the use of innovative
and intelligent solutions at an affordable cost. The concept can be regarded as a collection of methodologies aiming at exploiting tolerance of imprecision or uncertainties to achieve tractability, robustness and, in the end, low cost solutions. Mathematically, elegant designs of automation systems are often not feasible because of neglecting real world problems, i.e. they are failure-prone and therefore often very expensive for their users.

Low Cost Automation does not mean basic or poor performance control. The design of automation systems considers their life cycle with respect to their costs. For example, machine vision, despite in some cases costly components, properly applied can reduce the overall cost. It is used to guide field robots, identifying and assembling parts, and to sort out agricultural products.
Book reviews
Authors: Andrew Alex M.
Published: October 2003

NEUROTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOMIMETIC ROBOTS, edited by Joseph Ayers, Joel L. Davis and Alan Rudolph, MIT Press (Bradford Book), Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2002, xiv + 636 pp., ISBN 0-262-01193-X (Hbk, £43.50).
Fertility transition on a Greek island
Authors: GAVALAS VASILIS S.
Published: October 2003

This article explores marital fertility on the Aegean island of Paros based on family-reconstitution data from one main town and one village on the island, namely Naoussa and Kostos. By probing the reproductive behaviour of couples who married between 1894 and 1953 it was found that fertility was still ‘natural’ on the island at the beginning of the twentieth century, while a substantial fertility decline made itself visible only in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The way the population switched from natural to controlled fertility is also explored, as well as the contribution of different socio-economic groups to fertility transition. In the end, an effort is made to place the examined population in a wider European and national context.
Knowledge-base revision
Authors: PAPINI ODILE
Published: October 2003

This paper surveys the most representative approaches of knowledge-base revision. After a description of the revision characterization according to the AGM paradigm, the paper reviews different revision methods. In each case, the same example is used, as a reference example, to illustrate the different approaches. Closely connected with revision, some other non-monotonic approaches, like update, are briefly presented.
DISCUSSION
Authors: Juffs Alan
Published: October 2003

In this article I discuss some key points that are raised in the papers in this special issue. The
first issue is that a variety of theoretical tools are necessary for a complete understanding of the
issues raised in these papers. Second, although the methodology that is used in studies of second
language knowledge has improved, it is clear we still lack an agreed-on set of protocols that will
permit reliable comparisons across studies. In spite of these challenges, we are making progress in
using complementary theories of the role of lexical representation, predication, and crosslinguistic
variation to get a full picture of this complex area of lexico-morphosyntactic knowledge.
NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TEACHING AND LEARNING MODERN
LANGUAGES.Simon Green (Ed.). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, 2000.
Pp. x + 194. $75.95 cloth, $24.95 paper.
Authors: Rissel Dorothy
Published: October 2003

This book addresses the challenges facing modern language education at the start of the new
millennium. Although its focus is the United Kingdom, the concerns delineated resonate on this
side of the Atlantic.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SCHOLARSHIP IN SECOND LANGUAGE
WRITING: 1993–1997. Tony Silva, Colleen Brice, and Melinda Reichelt.
Westport, CT: Ablex, 1999. Pp. xii + 209. $73.95 cloth, $39.50 paper.
Authors: Polio Charlene G.
Published: October 2003

This annotated bibliography is a list of 676 journal articles, book chapters, dissertations, and
ERIC documents related to the teaching and learning of second and foreign language writing. The
list is a compilation of bibliographies published in the Journal of Second Language Writing during the years 1993–1997, with entries dating from 1991 to 1997. After a brief introduction, which includes the databases that were searched and the periodicals that were
examined, the bibliography presents the entries in alphabetical order by author. Following an
author index is a 23-page subject index to the entries.
LANGUAGE CREATION AND LANGUAGE CHANGE: CREOLIZATION,
DIACHRONY, AND DEVELOPMENT. Michel DeGraff (Ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999. Pp. 586. $65.00 cloth.
Authors: Clements J. Clancy
Published: October 2003

Editor Michel DeGraff provides us with a thought-provoking collection of studies that
address topics involving language acquisition, creole formation, language change, and the
connections between the three phenomena. One of the main goals of the volume is to arrive at a
better understanding of the interaction between the “extraordinary external factors”
surrounding the formation of pidgins and creoles and the “ordinary internal factors”
involving U(niversal) G(rammar)–constrained language invention (p. 11), a UG-type
repackaging of Thomason's ordinary-processes–extraordinary-results take on
language mixture. The underlying theme DeGraff uses to connect the varied contributions is, in
fact, UG: “This volume is seeking the right ‘version of universalist influence
interpreted as constraints on the formal structure of creoles, in fact of natural
language'” (p. 17). In characterizing the processes of pidginization and creolization,
DeGraff chooses a narrow definition, that of the plantation situation (p. 2), thus disregarding
interethnic pidgins and creoles (e.g., Hiri Motu and Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea) and fort
creoles (e.g., many of the Portuguese-based creoles). Although DeGraff does not point this out,
he does mention other biases of the book: (a) it focuses only on morphosyntax from a generative
UG-like focus; (b) it largely neglects variationist and quantitative approaches; (c) it does not
explore the connection between UG and all-purpose cognitive structures (except Newport; see
below); and (d) it considers only a subset of creoles that emerged from contact with European
colonizers.
The pluperfect in native and non-native English: A comparative
corpus study
Authors: Sharma Devyani
Published: October 2003

One of the challenges in characterizing non-native varieties
of English is accounting for variant uses of ostensibly standard
English forms. The present corpus study examines both quantitative
and qualitative aspects of pluperfect use in Indian English
(IndE), British English (BrE), and American English (AmE). IndE
is found to differ from native usage by associating had
+ V-ed with present perfect and preterite meanings.
Licensing of pluperfect contexts by time adverbials is also
found to be significantly lower in IndE. AmE shows the lowest
overall use of the pluperfect and the highest use of disambiguating
adverbials. Thus, AmE and IndE show distinct patterns of divergence
from BrE. Variation within IndE exhibits a tendency for greater
non-nativeness in regional (vs. national) press and in bureaucratic
(vs. press) registers, suggesting a multidimensional distribution
of IndE nonstandardness in India. These nonstandard uses are
shown to convey new pragmatic meanings deriving from ambiguity
in the native system and reinforcement from substrate languages.
Finally, these changes are evaluated in relation to the broader
tense–modality–aspect system of IndE as well as
those of other non-native Englishes which exhibit similar
characteristics.
Salivary cortisol levels in children adopted from Romanian orphanages
Authors: GUNNAR MEGAN R. , MORISON SARA J. , CHISHOLM KIM , SCHUDER MICHELLE
Published: October 2003

Six and a half years after adoption, 6- to 12-year-old children reared in Romanian orphanages
for more than 8 months in their first years of life (RO, n = 18) had higher cortisol
levels over the daytime hours than did early adopted (EA, ≤ 4 months of age, n =
15) and Canadian born (CB, n = 27) children. The effect was marked, with 22% of the
RO children exhibiting cortisol levels averaged over the day that exceeded the mean plus 2 SD of the EA and CB levels. Furthermore, the longer beyond 8 months that the RO children remained institutionalized the higher their cortisol levels. Cortisol levels for EA children did not differ in any respect from those of CB comparison children. This latter finding reduces but does not eliminate concerns that the results could be due to prenatal effects or birth family characteristics associated with orphanage placement. Neither age at cortisol sampling nor low IQ measured earlier appeared to explain the findings. Because the conditions in Romanian orphanages at the time these children were adopted were characterized by multiple risk factors, including gross privation of basic needs and exposure to infectious agents, the factor(s) that produced the increase in cortisol production cannot be determined. Nor could we determine whether these results reflected effects on the limbic–hypothalamic–pituitary– adrenal axis directly or were mediated by differences in parent–child interactions or family stress occasion by behavioral problems associated with prolonged orphanage care in this sample.
The relative efficacy of two interventions in altering maltreated preschool children's representational models: Implications for attachment theory
Authors: TOTH SHEREE L. , MAUGHAN ANGELINE , MANLY JODY TODD , SPAGNOLA MARY , CICCHETTI DANTE
Published: October 2003

A narrative story-stem task was used to evaluate the efficacy of two competing, developmentally informed preventive interventions for maltreated preschoolers and their mothers designed to modify children's internal representations of self and of self in relation to other. One hundred and twenty-two mothers and their preschoolers (87 maltreated and 35 nonmaltreated) served as participants. Maltreating families were randomly assigned to either the preschooler–parent psychotherapy (PPP, n = 23), psychoeducational home visitation (PHV, n = 34), or community standard (CS, n = 30) intervention group at baseline. Thirty-five nonmaltreating (NC) families served as comparisons. Narratives were administered to children at baseline and at the postintervention evaluation. Children in the PPP intervention evidenced more of a decline in maladaptive maternal representations over time than PHV and CS children and displayed a greater decrease in negative self-representations than CS, PHV, and NC children. Also, the mother–child relationship expectations of PPP children became more positive over the course of the intervention, as compared to NC and PHV participants. These results suggest that an attachment-theory informed model of intervention (PPP) is more effective at improving representations of self and of caregivers than is a didactic model of intervention directed at parenting skills. Findings are discussed with respect to their implications for developmental theory, with a specific focus on attachment theory and internal working models of relationships.
A person-oriented approach in research on developmental psychopathology
Authors: BERGMAN LARS R. , MAGNUSSON DAVID
Published: October 2003

There is a growing acceptance of a holistic, interactionistic view in which the individual is seen as an organized whole, functioning and developing as a totality. This view emphasizes the importance of patterns of operating factors. Within this framework, a standard variable-oriented approach, focusing on the variable as the main theoretical and analytical unit, has limitations. A person-oriented approach would often be preferable, where the main theoretical and analytical unit is the specific pattern of operating factors. Such an approach is presented here, focusing on individual development and psychopathology. A brief theoretical and methodological overview is given and a classification approach is emphasized. Empirical examples concerning the longitudinal study of adjustment problems illustrate a number of issues believed to be important to development and psychopathology: problem gravitation, the significance of single variables and of patterns, the developmental study of syndromes (=typical patterns), and the detection of “white spots” in development.
‘The New Woman’: Lady Macbeth and sexual politics in the Stalinist era
Authors: WELLS ELIZABETH A.
Published: October 2003

Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District became extraordinarily infamous after its damnation by Pravda in 1936. The amount of violence and sex in the opera distinguishes it from the Leskov novella on which it was based, and seems to have underpinned Stalin's disapproval. The complex relation between Shostakovich's detailed representation of sexuality and his portrait of Katerina, the opera's tragic heroine, mirrors the social tensions of the sexual revolution and the conservative backlash of the 1920s and 1930s. The writings of feminist Alexandra Kollontai (1872–1952) about the new Soviet woman display striking similarities to Shostakovich's portrayal of his female characters and offer a context for his approach.
Editorial
Authors: CHESTERS GRAHAM
Published: October 2003

The reports of the demise of the CD-ROM have proved to be a little premature,
if one judges by the contents of this issue of ReCALL. Whilst it is true that there is a strong
emphasis in the articles by Huw Jarvis, Julie Belz and Lina Lee on the opportunities offered by network-based
learning – and the trend towards such a focus is inevitable – it remains the case that the
CD-ROM is still capable of rich and significant exploitation, as shown in the articles by
Gunther Kaltenboeck and Birgit Winkler. Gavin Burnage argues for a ‘broad inclusive approach to
networking’ which declines to abandon the old data-carriers, whether floppy-based DOS programs or
CD-ROMs and argues for the pragmatic integration of a wide range of disparate resources into a single,
coherent framework. DISSEMINATE, the macro-structure articulated here by Philippe Delcloque and
Alexandre Bramoullé, is a concept with a similar integrative ambition but from an authoring
perspective.
EUROCALL 2001 Catholic University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands 29 August – 1 September 2001
Authors: DRINGÓ-HORVÁTH IDA
Published: October 2003

The International Conference Eurocall 2001 was held from 29 August to 1 September
2001 at the Catholic University of Nijmegen, Netherlands. The conference attracted more than 350
participants from all over the world.
Online interactive courseware: using movies to promote cultural understanding in a
CALL environment
Authors: SHAWBACK MICHAEL J. , TERHUNE N. M.
Published: October 2003

Student interest in films as a medium for ESL education is high.
Interest, however, is not enough to foster understanding in a traditional classroom environment.
A more hands-on interactive approach to studying a second language via film is needed. By using
online interactive exercises to study the language and culture in film, students are able to gain
a better understanding of the language used in the film. This paper outlines a course that was
developed using online interactive exercises and film to study language and culture. The course
incorporates several modern technologies to allow students to take an active role in their
learning and to increase their skills in areas that the students perceive to be of value in the
future, namely listening, reading, and presentation skills. Automated feedback functions let the
students, as well as the instructors, constantly monitor their progress. These technologies allow
a more efficient use of classroom time and permit the students to go into the content of the film
– especially the cultural aspects – much more deeply. Through this course, students
are able to boost their confidence and their motivation to continue the study of language and
culture via films on their own
Euthyroid sick syndrome in older people
Authors: Kagansky Nadya , Tal Sari , Levy Shmuel
Published: October 2003

The term euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) is used to describe abnormalities in thyroid function tests that are observed in patients with systemic non-thyroid illness. Despite these abnormalities, there is usually little clinical evidence of hypothyroidism. Patients with ESS are generally considered to have altered thyroid hormone metabolism and to be euthyroid.
Combating agism: an imperative for contemporary health care
Authors: Wade Sian
Published: October 2003

The proportion of older people in the UK is increasing in relation to the population
as a whole. This trend is reflected in the age profile of patients in hospital
and those requiring continuing care in the community – domicilary, residential
and nursing home sector. The HAS Report identified that more than 40%
of patients over 65 with disability will require admission to an acute hospital over
a two-year period. Ensuring appropriate, equitable and quality care for this age
group is therefore a priority.
Dignity in health care: reality or rhetoric
Authors: Tad Win , Bayer Tony , Dieppe Paul
Published: October 2003

Increasingly, the term ‘dignity’ is becoming a part of contemporary discussions of health care. Phrases such as ‘respect for human dignity’, ‘treatment with dignity’, ‘death with dignity’ and the ‘right to dignity’ are so commonplace as to have almost become clichés. This is especially so in the context of older people. In the UK, the NHS Plan uses the term ‘dignity’ on a number of occasions (Chapter 15 is entitled ‘Dignity, security and independence in old age’) and the National Service Framework for Older People explicitly mentions dignity in relation to person-centred care. However, practice has often failed to measure up to this much-cited aspiration.
Religion and Human Agency in Ancient Maya History: Tales from the Hieroglyphic Stairway
Authors: Fash William
Published: October 2003

Originally presented as the twelfth McDonald Lecture, the following seeks to contribute to the field of cognitive archaeology by exploring how both process and agency contributed to the creation of enduring symbols in a Classic Maya kingdom. Through the examination of material remains from excavated contexts at the site of Copán, Honduras, it is proposed that the religious ideology of its rulers can be shown to have undergone four transformations. These can be framed as local responses to larger, regional processes, wherein human agency was critical in adapting to changing historical and economic circumstances. The proposed transformations were: 1) the establishment of a new charter; 2) the deification of the most powerful royal ancestor; 3) a retreat to shared religious values and social ideals; 4) an attempt to create a transcendent ideology.
Investigating Portugal, Salazar, and the New State: the Work of the Irish Legation in Lisbon, 1942–1945
Authors: de Meneses Filipe Ribeiro
Published: October 2003

Throughout the 1930s and early 1940s, Portugal and its regime, Salazar's New State, were presented to the Irish public as a model of a new, socially just and Catholic brand of politics. Deliberately ignoring the repressive nature of the New State, Irish defenders of corporativism benefited from the lack of impartial information concerning it. This lack of information, at least in official circles, was overcome through the establishment of a legation in Lisbon in early 1942. Irish diplomats were able to provide a truer account of life in Portugal, countering the earlier propaganda and providing an interesting picture of the New State at work.
Europe from the Bottom Up: Town Twinning in France during the Cold War
Authors: Vion Antoine
Published: October 2003

Town twinning can be seen as the first activity to involve municipal institutions as such in wide-ranging and long-term international action. Twinning fits Eric Hobsbawm's definition of an ‘invented tradition’. The French federalists played a decisive part in this process of invention, bringing European municipalities together in order to ensure an eventual European political union. Before long, however, the so-called bilingualist movement also turned to twinning as a way to further a universal mutual understanding that transcended the East–West divide. This resulted in a big clash between the French twinning organisations. Thus, the invention of town twinning needs to be studied alongside the dynamic political tensions that emerged on the French political scene during the Cold War
THE IGF AXIS AT THE FETO-MATERNAL INTERFACE
Authors: Westwood M
Published: October 2003

The insulin-like growth factors IGF-I and -II have effects on metabolism, growth, proliferation and differentiation in many tissues and cell types and are therefore important modulators of multiple aspects of physiology. IGF actions are largely mediated via the type 1 IGF receptor, though both peptides, particularly IGF-II, can bind to a second receptor known as the type 2 IGF/mannose-6-phosphate receptor. Access to these receptors is controlled by a family of six highly specific binding proteins (IGFBPs 1–6). Originally, the IGFBPs were thought of as IGF inhibitors, since their affinity for ligand is substantially higher than that of the receptors. More recently however, it has become apparent that modification of the binding proteins, for example proteolyis, phosphorylation or association with extracellular matrix, can influence IGFBP affinity for IGF and therefore IGF bioavailability and function.
Early Bioethics
Authors: THOMASMA DAVID C.
Published: October 2003

The first book on my shelf at the newly created Program on
Human Values and Health Sciences at the University of Tennessee
Center for the Health Sciences in Memphis was by Van Rensselaer
Potter on Global Bioethics. He was a cancer specialist
at the University of Wisconsin and had the vision that bioethics
should be a global concern—global in terms of scope, disciplines
involved, and relationship to the environment and cultural context. This
view has shaped my own career as well as influencing many others.
Graphs without Large Complete
Minors are Quasi-Random
Authors: MYERS JOSEPH SAMUEL
Published: October 2003

We answer a question of Sós by showing that, if a graph G of order n and density p
has no complete minor larger than would be found in a random graph G(n, p), then G is
quasi-random, provided either p > 0.45631 … or κ(G) [ges ] n(log log log n)/(log log n), where
0.45631 … is an explicit constant.

The results proved can also be used to fill the gaps in an argument of Thomason,
describing the extremal graphs having no Kt minor for given t.
Montreal's golden age
Authors: Wolfe Jeanne M.
Published: October 2003

Between the mid-nineteenth century and the Great Depression of the twentieth, Montreal was transformed from a small colonial town into Canada's leading metropolis. Waterworks, telephone, gas and electrical systems were laid, the Lachine canal was widened and deepened, and the port installations completely rebuilt and greatly expanded. The Victoria Bridge crossing the mighty St Lawrence River was completed in 1860 and the transcontinental railways spanned the nation by the late 1880s, which opened up the west and created new markets. People flocked into the city from the countryside to work in the burgeoning industries, to be joined by ever increasing numbers of immigrants.
The Neuropsychiatric View of Brain and Behavior
Authors: Lee Gregory P.
Published: October 2003

This volume is an introductory text summarizing much of the
brain–behavior literature emphasizing the neuroanatomical
underpinnings of psychiatric disorders. Because it has been written
by a neuroanatomist and a neuropsychiatrist, much of the material
in the book is typically not covered in the more orthodox texts
written from a behavioral neurology or neuropsychological perspective.
As such, this volume will be a valuable resource for students and
practitioners of clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Visual perception without awareness in a patient with posterior
cortical atrophy: Impaired explicit but not implicit processing
of global information
Authors: FILOTEO J. VINCENT , FRIEDRICH FRANCES J. , RABBEL CATHERINE , STRICKER JOHN L.
Published: October 2003

A patient with progressive posterior cortical atrophy (PCA)
was examined on several tests of visual cognition. The patient
displayed multiple visual cognitive deficits, which included
problems identifying degraded stimuli, attending to two or more
stimuli simultaneously, recognizing faces, tracing simple visual
stimuli, matching simple shapes, and copying objects. The patient
was also impaired in identifying visual targets contained at
the global level within global–local stimuli (i.e., smaller
letters that compose a larger letter). Although the patient
denied any conscious awareness of the global form, he nevertheless
displayed a normal pattern of global interference when asked
to identify local level targets. Thus, the patient processed
the global information despite not being consciously aware of
such information. These results suggest that global–local
processing can take place in the absence of awareness. Possible
neurocognitive mechanisms explaining this dissociation are
discussed. (JINS, 2002, 8, 461–472.)
Auditory and visual naming tests: Normative and patient data
for accuracy, response time, and tip-of-the-tongue
Authors: HAMBERGER MARLA J. , SEIDEL WILLIAM T.
Published: October 2003

Naming is typically assessed with visual naming tasks, yet,
some patients with genuine word-finding difficulty (evident
in auditorily based discourse) show minimal difficulty on such
measures. Evidence from cortical mapping, brain imaging and
neuropsychological studies suggests that auditory naming measures
might provide more relevant or at least, complementary information.
We developed comparable auditory and visual naming tests and
present normative data for accuracy, response time, and
tip-of-the-tongue responses based on 100 controls. Test validity
was supported by findings that left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)
patients (i.e., a population with expected naming difficulty)
performed more poorly on auditory but not visual naming compared
to right TLE patients (i.e., a population without expected naming
difficulty). Internal and test–retest reliability
coefficients were reasonable. Finally, test utility was assessed
on an individual basis, and auditory but not visual naming
performance predicted impairment. (JINS, 2003, 9,
479–489.)
Compositional strategies of the hip-hop turntablist
Authors: SMITH SOPHY
Published: October 2003

This article discusses the compositional strategies of turntablist DJs
working within the hip-hop genre, focusing on processes developed by these
musicians such as mixing, scratching and beat juggling, all of which are
carried out on turntables. Since the development of the gramophone at the
turn of the century, the turntable has become an instrument of creation as
well as reproduction, resulting in the ground-breaking compositional
strategies of hip-hop music. Hip-hop DJs create original music from a range
of existing musical texts and in doing so, raise questions concerning
originality and authorship as well as questioning the division between
composer and performer. Hip-hop music is regarded by authors such as
Poschardt (1998) as one of the final avant-gardes of the twentieth
century; this article will explore and discuss the ground-breaking nature
of the genre with reference to new compositional strategies and the
turntable technology with which they are carried out.
Operating in musical economies of compromise (or . . . When do I get paid for writing this?)
Authors: Thaemlitz Terre
Published: October 2003

In this article Thaemlitz posits that the current state of digital audio production's borders are not determined by battles between academia and the marketplace, subsidy and enterprise, nor high-brow and low-brow. However, such binarisms continue to frame our efforts in ways which fuel rhetoric of transformation and revolution, while diffusing our material ability to impact a cultural mainstream. Rather than attempting to resolve such divisiveness and hypocrisy in our behaviour, Thaemlitz proposes an increased awareness of the cultural processes which facilitate our simultaneous participation in such seemingly irreconcilable arenas. In other words, celebrating diversity sometimes means throwing a party for a friend you are not particularly fond of.
Control parameters for musical instruments: a foundation for new mappings of gesture to sound
Authors: Levitin Daniel J. , McAdams Stephen , Adams Robert L.
Published: October 2003

In this paper we describe a new way of thinking about musical tones, specifically in the context of how features of a sound might be controlled by computer musicians, and how those features might be most appropriately mapped onto musical controllers. Our approach is the consequence of one bias that we should reveal at the outset: we believe that electronically controlled (and this includes computer-controlled)musical instruments need to be emancipated from the keyboard metaphor; although piano-like keyboards are convenient and familiar, they limit the musician's expressiveness (Mathews 1991, Vertegaal and Eaglestone 1996, Paradiso 1997, Levitin and Adams 1998). This is especially true in the domain of computer music,in which timbres can be created that go far beyond the physical constraints of traditional acoustic instruments.
Laser Capture Microdissection as an Aid to Ultrastructural Analysis
Authors: Grant Kenneth , Jerome W. Gray
Published: October 2003

Laser capture microdissection uses a microscope to identify
specific cells for microdissection and then a laser-sensitive
plastic to capture and remove the cells from their substrate.
This efficient capture method was originally developed to capture
cells for genetic analysis. However, it has also been used to
capture cells for proteonomic analysis. In this article, we
extend the uses of laser-capture microdissection by reporting
a method for preparing captured cells for ultrastructural analysis
by transmission electron microscopy. Cells prepared by our
methodology show good fine structure preservation and are easily
sectioned by standard ultramicrotomy.