bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Child’s Guardian – Listening and Giving Weight to Children’s Views
Authors: James Helen , Lane David
Published: November 2018

Both the child protection and public child law systems assume a child-centred approach is at the heart of their work with children. That assumption is based on what are considered child-centred principles, which are enshrined in legislation in England and Wales in the Children Act 1989, mainly the principle of paramountcy of the child’s welfare in Section 1(1) and the principle of no delay in Section 1(2), in relation to the completion of proceedings (
hm Government, 1989). However, comprehensive reviews of both the child protection system (Munro, 2011) and the family justice system (Family Justice Review Panel, 2011), along with research findings (Cappleman et al., 2013) present a picture that challenges this assumption. Increasingly, the focus on the child’s life and welfare is hampered by a lack of time and resources available to professionals such as Guardians to enable them establish a meaningful and trusting relationship with the child in order to gain insight into and an understanding of the child’s world from the child’s perspective. The child appears to be very much on the periphery of a system that lacks real connectedness with the child and their view of their situation and circumstances. Such a level of connectedness can only be achieved by providing children with space and time to develop trust in and meaningful relationships with those whose duty it is to represent their true wishes and feelings and give due weight to the child’s perspective.
Review EssayLaw and Economics, Judicial Pragmatism and Their Limits on Both Sides of the Atlantic
Authors: Antonov Mikhail
Published: November 2018

The present review analyzes the key ideas of Justice Gadzhiev and Judge Posner on legal methodology and tasks in legal education. These ideas are considered in the context of two recent books by these authors. Both books appeared in 2016 and both question certain principal dimensions of pragmatism in the law, to which both Gadzhiev and Posner are subscribed. This review essay examines the links between the respective ideas of these two authors on methods of legal research, on judicial process and on teaching law, in addition to providing an overview of the intellectual culture of the us and Russian legal orders.
Empirical Legal Studies, Comparative Constitutional Law and Legal Doctrine: Bridging the Gaps
Authors: Hinghofer-Szalkay Stephan G.
Published: November 2018

This article looks into the viability of approaches to engaging in empirical comparative constitutional legal analysis. Quantifying the words contained in constitutions, while by no means irrelevant, can only be an element in this. Their actual importance according to case law and other empirical data highlights the need for caution in drawing far-ranging comparative conclusions from such quantifications for constitutional legal systems. It is argued that the key phenomenon driving these systems can be found elsewhere: In the paradigmatic concepts of a particular system of legal scholarship, other epistemic communities, or society at large. However, while this phenomenon can be empirically studied, any meaningful study necessitates intimate knowledge of legal scholarship as the meaning of communicative symbols involved can strongly diverge from the paradigmatic concepts of (other) social sciences. Central and East European (cee) constitutional legal systems can be of special interest in this regard due to both close similarities and considerable variations of both positive law and the paradigms of legal scholarship and political thought. Ultimately, an empirical analysis requires a holistic and systematic approach to understanding constitutional systems, including positive law and the paradigms driving it analyzed with quantitative as well as qualitative tools. Otherwise, the push for empirical comparative constitutional legal research may thwart its goal of accurately depicting the observable world, and, in the case of quantitative analyses, can run counter to the goal pursued.
New insects from the earliest Permian of Carrizo Arroyo (New Mexico, USA) bridging the gap between the Carboniferous and Permian entomofaunas
Authors: Prokop Jakub , Kukalová-Peck Jarmila
Published: November 2018

New insects are described from the early Asselian of the Bursum Formation in Carrizo Arroyo, NM, USA. Carrizoneura carpenteri gen. et sp. nov. (Syntonopteridae) demonstrates traits in hindwing venation to Lithoneura and Syntonoptera, both known from the Moscovian of Illinois. Carrizoneura represents the latest unambiguous record of Syntonopteridae. Martynovia insignis represents the earliest evidence of Martynoviidae. Carrizodiaphanoptera permiana gen. et sp. nov. extends range of Diaphanopteridae previously restricted to Gzhelian. The re-examination of the type species Diaphanoptera munieri reveals basally coalesced vein MA with stem of R and RP resulting in family diagnosis emendation. Arroyohymen splendens gen. et sp. nov. (Protohymenidae) displays features in venation similar to taxa known from early and late Permian from the USA and Russia. A new palaeodictyopteran wing attributable to Carrizopteryx cf. arroyo (Calvertiellidae) provides data on fore wing venation previously unknown. Thus, all these new discoveries show close relationship between late Pennsylvanian and early Permian entomofaunas.
What to Do with Nostalgia in Medieval and Medievalism Studies?
Authors: Dell Helen
Published: November 2018

This essay considers the place of nostalgia in scholarly research and writing in the light of psychoanalytic theories of subjectivity and desire. The term ‘nostalgia’, coined in the seventeenth century to define a medical condition, is, despite attempts at rehabilitation, generally employed to describe a weak sentimentality incompatible with genuine research. Two writers, Walter Benjamin (a leader of the Frankfurt school of criticism) and Carolyn Dinshaw (a medievalist and queer theorist), have opened up a different path for nostalgia in the light of different temporalities. Both invoke a ‘time of the now’, in Benjamin’s words, to allow a ‘touching across time’, in Dinshaw’s. In the light of their experience of time, nostalgia can shake off its usual association with sentimentality or melancholia. Challenged by their example the essay ends with an investigation of my own research and the part nostalgia, sometimes unconscious, has played in it.
Utilizing the Cortico-Striatal Projectome to Advance the Study of Timing and Time Perception
Authors: Lusk Nicholas A. , Buonomano Dean V.
Published: November 2018

Over the past decade advances in tracing and imaging techniques have spurred the development of increasingly detailed maps of brain connectivity. Broadly termed ‘connectomes’, these maps provide a powerful tool for systems neuroscience. As with most ‘maps’, connectomes offer a static spatial description of the brain’s circuits, whereas timing and temporal processing are inherently dynamic processes; nevertheless, the timing field stands to be a major beneficiary of these large-scale mapping projects. The recently reported ‘projectome’ of mouse cortico-striatal sub-networks is of particular interest because theoretical developments such as the striatal beat-frequency model emphasize the role of the striatum in temporal processing. The cortico-striatal projectome confirms that the dorsal striatum is ideally situated to sample patterns of activity throughout most of the cortex, but that it also contains a level of modularity previously not considered by integrative models of interval timing. Furthermore, the striatal projectome will allow for targeted studies of whether specific subdivisions of the dorsal striatum are differentially involved in timing and time perception as a function of task, stimulus modality, intensity, and valence.
Motor Timing Outcome Differences between Patients with Alcohol- and/or Cocaine Use Disorder in a Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Young Susanne Yvette , Kidd Martin , Seedat Soraya
Published: November 2018

Substance Use Disorders (SUD) lead to brain structural and functional deficits associated with cognitive and social functioning in affected individuals and can impact on treatment outcomes. The lack of behavioural autonomy is underpinned by direct reward, high impulsivity and difficulties in planning behaviour. The motor cortex — as part of a neural mechanism accounting for action and intention — plays a fundamental role in complex cognition, motor performance and coordination. The study sample consisted of 74 abstinent patients, aged 18–60 years, diagnosed with alcohol and/or cocaine dependence who were all inpatients at a private treatment programme for drug/alcohol dependence in South Africa. The main questions addressed were whether motor timing abilities would improve over time (as a function of recovery) in patients admitted to a rehabilitation programme for SUD, and if there were between-group differences. Timing abilities in SUD improved with prolonged abstinence. Timing in decision making (cognitive control) did not improve over time, nor did movement coordination. Rhythmic abilities and synchronisation with external events, as well as spatial abilities, improved with prolonged abstinence. The recovery of rhythmic and synchronisation abilities differed between the groups. This study shows for the first time that motor timing abilities can recover significantly with prolonged abstinence with differences in recovery between SUD populations. Improvements in interval timing only (both in time and in space) were observed. Not all motor timing abilities, and not every type of SUD, recovered equally, thereby suggesting that different substances may affect the brain differently with regard to timing abilities. These findings suggest that motor timing should further be investigated in different clinical settings.
The Time-Course of the Cross-Modal Semantic Modulation of Visual Picture Processing by Naturalistic Sounds and Spoken Words
Authors: Chen Yi-Chuan , Spence Charles
Published: November 2018

The time-course of cross-modal semantic interactions between pictures and either naturalistic sounds or spoken words was compared. Participants performed a speeded picture categorization task while hearing a task-irrelevant auditory stimulus presented at various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) with respect to the visual picture. Both naturalistic sounds and spoken words gave rise to cross-modal semantic congruency effects (i.e., facilitation by semantically congruent sounds and inhibition by semantically incongruent sounds, as compared to a baseline noise condition) when the onset of the sound led that of the picture by 240 ms or more. Both naturalistic sounds and spoken words also gave rise to inhibition irrespective of their semantic congruency when presented within 106 ms of the onset of the picture. The peak of this cross-modal inhibitory effect occurred earlier for spoken words than for naturalistic sounds. These results therefore demonstrate that the semantic priming of visual picture categorization by auditory stimuli only occurs when the onset of the sound precedes that of the visual stimulus. The different time-courses observed for naturalistic sounds and spoken words likely reflect the different processing pathways to access the relevant semantic representations.
CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF TRAUMATIC GUM DUCTS IN CHINESE SWEETGUM, LIQUIDAMBAR FORMOSANA
Authors: Zheng Yawen , Pan Biao , Itohl Takao
Published: November 2018

The effect of ethephon (Et) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the induction of traumatic gum ducts (TGDs) was studied in Chinese sweetgum, Liquidambar formosana, a broad-leaved tree species. Lanolin pastes with concentrations of 1, 2 and 5% (w/w) of these chemicals were applied to the intact bark of the trees in May, July and September without any wounding. The trees did not show any response to the treatment of MeJA, but TGDs were formed in response to treatment with Et. Trees treated with Et in the active growing season (May) produced more rows of TGDs than those treated in July or September, suggesting a strong relationship between cambial activity and susceptibility to TGD induction. These results are discussed in comparison with responses of conifers and some angiosperms to MeJA and Et treatments with and without associated wounding reported in the literature.
Wood Anatomy of the Altingiaceae and Hamamelidaceae
Authors: Wheeler Elisabeth A. , Lee Sung Jae , Baas Pieter
Published: November 2018

Wood anatomical data for all three extant genera of the Altingiaceae and 23 of the 27 extant genera of the Hamamelidaceae were compiled in an effort to find features distinctive to genera, tribes, or subfamilies within these families. All genera studied have diffuse porous wood (except Corylopsis which tends to be semi-ring porous), vessels are predominantly solitary and narrow (<100 μm, usually <50 μm) and angular in outline, vessel elements are long (>800 μm) with scalariform perforation plates with average bar numbers of 9–44, intervessel pits are mainly scalariform to opposite, vessel-ray parenchyma pits are scalariform with slightly reduced borders and usually are in the square to upright marginal ray parenchyma cells, rays are heterocellular and narrow, usually 1–3-seriate. Although the wood anatomy of both families is relatively homogeneous, it is possible to key out many genera using a combination of qualitative (presence/absence and location of helical thickenings in vessel elements and fibers, crystal occurrence, axial parenchyma abundance, degree of ray heterogeneity) and quantitative features (number of bars per perforation plate and ray width). Helical thickenings are present throughout the vessel elements in three genera (Loropetalum, Altingia, Semiliquidambar) and are restricted to the vessel element tails in two genera (Corylopsis, Liquidambar). Loropetalum has helical thickenings in ground tissue fibers as well. Axial parenchyma abundance varies from scarce to relatively abundant diffuse to diffuse-in-aggregates. One clade of the tribe Fothergilleae (Distylium, Distyliopsis, Sycopsis, Shaniodendron, Parrotia, Parrotiopsis) has more abundant axial parenchyma and is characterized by narrow, usually interrupted bands of apotracheal parenchyma. Nearly exclusively uniseriate rays occur in some species of Hamamelis and in Exbucklandia, Chunia, Dicoryphe, and Fothergilla. These data on extant Altingiaceae and Hamamelidaceae not only provide information relevant for systematic, phylogenetic and ecological wood anatomy and wood identification, but also give context for reviewing the fossil woods assigned to them. A new combination is proposed for the Miocene Liquidambar hisauchii (Watari) Suzuki & Watari from Japan: Altingia hisauchii (Watari) Wheeler, Baas & Lee.
Epicormic Shoot Traces in the Secondary Xylem of the Triassic and Permian Fossil Conifer Species Woodworthia Arizonica — Short Communication
Authors: Creber Geoffrey T. , Collinson Margaret E.
Published: November 2018

Specimens of Woodworthia arizonica Jeffrey trees from the Late Triassic of Arizona, U.S.A. and the Permian of Brazil, typically have horizontal vascular traces that have extremely close contacts with the tracheids of the secondary xylem. In modern gymnospermous and angiospermous trees, such traces terminate on preventitious buds deeply embedded in their bark. Such buds develop into epicormic shoots, after substantial loss of foliage through fire or other damage.
Wood Specific Gravity of Trees in Amazonian White-Water Forests in Relation to Flooding
Authors: Wittmann Florian , Schöngart Jochen , Parolin Pia , Worbes Martin , Piedade Maria T. F. , Junk Wolfgang J.
Published: November 2018

Wood specific gravity (SG) was analysed from wood cores of 180 individuals belonging to 58 common upper canopy tree species of late successional white water (várzea) forests in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Central Amazon Basin. We tested for a SG gradient of trees along the flood gradient. Mean SG in the low várzea was 0.62 g cm-3, in the high várzea 0.57 g cm-3. SG tended to increase with height and duration of flooding. In the two species that occurred in both forest types (Hevea spruceana, Tabebuia barbata) SG was significantly lower in the high várzea trees. Therefore, height and duration of flooding seem to be important factors influencing growth and wood properties in várzea trees. In addition, SG variation depended on the core section and to a lesser extent on tree diameter and height. Compared to trees in Amazonian upland ecosystems, SG of the várzea trees was lower than SG in Central and Eastern Amazonian terra firme, but was within the same range reported for Western Amazonian terra firme.
Issues Salience and Framing in the Taiwanese 2016 Presidential Election Campaign: An Analysis of the KMT and DPP Campaign Discourses
Authors: Lams Lutgard
Published: November 2018

This paper aims to provide insights into electoral practices of agenda setting and issue framing in the Taiwanese 2016 presidential election campaign. It examines issue salience and discursive mechanisms, like causal projection patterns, used in constructing problem definitions. The study unravels the securitisation narrative by showing how separate issues are collated into coherent packages and explores how key phrases, such as ‘status quo’ and ‘1992 Consensus’ are conceptualised. The analysis also investigates discursive ambiguities, since the DPP candidate’s campaign style was criticised for being vague. Units of analysis are English-language texts, taken from the KMT and DPP candidates’ speeches and their media opinion articles, targeting the foreign community, and translated versions of Chinese-language campaign materials, designed for the Taiwanese population. Comparison shows a two-level communicative game in audience differentiation, but the mechanism of guiding people not only what to think about, but also what to think, applies irrespective of audience design.
Jesuit Schools and Universities in Europe 1548–1773
Authors: Grendler Paul F.
Published: November 2018

Paul F. Grendler, noted historian of European education, surveys Jesuit schools and universities throughout Europe from the first school founded in 1548 to the suppression of the Society of Jesus in 1773. The Jesuits were famed educators who founded and operated an international network of schools and universities that enrolled students from the age of eight or ten through doctoral studies. The essay analyzes the organization, curriculum, pedagogy, culture, financing, relations with civil authorities, enrollments, and social composition of students in Jesuit pre-university schools. Grendler then examines the different forms of Jesuit universities. The Jesuits did almost all the teaching in small collegiate universities that they governed. In large civic–Jesuit universities the Jesuits taught the humanities, philosophy, and theology, while lay professors taught law and medicine. The article provides examples ranging from the first Jesuit school in Messina, Sicily, to universities across Europe. It features a complete list of Jesuit schools in France.
Cardamine panatohea (Brassicaceae), a new, threatened, alpine species from New Zealand
Authors: HEENAN PETER B. , DE LANGE PETER J.
Published: November 2018

A new species, Cardamine panatohea, is named and described from the central North Island, New Zealand. Cardamine panatohea is characterised by a suite of characters that are unique among the New Zealand Cardamine species, including decumbent inflorescences and rosettes in the axils of the lateral inflorescence branches. Cardamine panatohea is known from two localities on Mt Ruapehu where it occurs in alpine flushes. It is assigned a New Zealand conservation status of Threatened, Nationally Critical.
Second-step lectotypification of the Linnaean name Laurus cassia (Lauraceae) enabling its unambiguous use as Neolitsea cassia
Authors: CHAKRABARTY TAPAS
Published: November 2018

During the course of revision of the genus Neolitsea (Bentham 1880: 161) Merrill (1906: 56), nom. cons. for the “Flora of India Project” currently under preparation in Botanical Survey of India, the author came across the name Laurus cassia Linnaeus (1753: 369) used by Kostermans (1952: 85, 1995: 164) as Neolitsea cassia (Linnaeus) Kostermans (1952: 85) and eventually followed in the Indian Floras (Mohanan & Henry 1994, Londhe 2001, Chakrabarty et al. 2010, Pal 2013). However, reference to literature reveals that another name based on the basionym Laurus cassia is also in use, viz., Cinnamomum cassia (L.) D. Don (1825: 67), treated as an accepted name, e.g., in Flora of China (Li et al., 2008).
Grass-flower thrips of the genus Chirothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with a key to species from Iran
Authors: MINAEI KAMBIZ , MOUND LAURENCE
Published: November 2018

Species of the genus Chirothrips Haliday breed and pupate only within grass florets. Each larva is restricted to a single floret, and adult body size is thus presumably related to floret size. Despite this, some Chirothrips species are distinguished only on states that are related to body size. The validity of some commonly recorded members of the C. manicatus species-group, including C. africanus and C. pallidicornis, is therefore considered questionable. Character states that have been used to define the genus Agrostothrips Hood are shown to be variable, and this genus is placed as a new synonym of Chirothrips. An identification key, based on illustrated structural differences, is provided to the Chirothrips known from Iran: C. aculeatus, C. atricorpus, C. kurdistanus, C. manicatus, C. meridionalis and C. molestus.
Name-bearing type specimens in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids & Nematodes (CNC): Blattodea, Dermaptera, Notoptera, Mecoptera, Megaloptera, Myriapoda, Neuroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Phthiraptera, Pseudoscorpiones, Psocoptera, Raphidioptera & Siphonaptera
Authors: LONSDALE OWEN , LOCKE MICHELLE M.
Published: November 2018

A catalogue is provided for the name-bearing types of most of the less diverse arthropod groups deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids & Nematodes (CNC). There are 90 name-bearing types of Myriapoda [Chilopoda (3 types), Diplopoda (2)], Arachnida [Pseudoscorpiones (1)], and Insecta [Blattodea (1), Dermaptera (1), Notoptera (3), Mecoptera (3), Megaloptera (2), Neuroptera (11), Odonata (2), Orthoptera (5), Phthiraptera (2), Psocoptera (10), Raphidioptera (1) and Siphonaptera (43)]. Three myriapod syntypes are represented by an unknown number of specimens. Holotypes for Plesiorobius canadensis Klimaszewski & Kevan (Neuroptera) and Sphaeropsocoides canadensis Grimaldi & Engel (Psocoptera) are amber-preserved fossils. Portions of the holotype of Chaetospania assamensis Sakai are considered lost, as are an unknown number of syntype specimens for the centipede species Ethopolys alaskanus Chamberlin and E. integer Chamberlin. Collembola types were treated in Stebaeva et al. (2016), and Araneae, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera will be treated in future catalogues, completing inventories for the orders without associated research staff in the CNC. Definitions of relevant type specimens are provided, as is a preliminary summary of all 16,710 name-bearing type specimens held by the CNC, including those of the more diverse orders for which there are associated research staff: Nematoda, Acari, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera/Thysanoptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera.
Genetic variability among Paralaudakia microlepis (Blanford, 1874) (Sauria: Agamidae) populations in the Iranian Plateau
Authors: SANCHOOLI NASSER , RASTEGAR-POUYANI ESKANDAR , HOSSEINIAN SAEED
Published: November 2018

The small scaled rock agama, Paralaudakia microlepis, is an agamid lizard distributed across many parts of the Iranian Plateau. In the present paper, our aim is to study the genetic variability among different populations of this species in Iran. Based on the ND4 mitochondrial gene fragment, we uncovered high levels of genetic variability between three main clades of the species in Iran. Based on these results, the South Khorasan and Fars populations diverged firstly and then the Kerman and the Sistan-Baluchestan populations split. This pattern of divergence suggests an important role of the Zagros Mountain in the differentiation among populations of P. microlepis in Iran during the mid-Miocene. The Zagros uplift and subsequent aridification in the Iranian Plateau might have been involved in the variation among populations of this species because they are restricted to specific ecological niches. The greater genetic distances between the Fars and South Khorasan populations indicated that they have the potential to be described as different subspecies of P. microlepis. Comparison of all P. microlepis, P. erythrogastra and P. caucasia populations using both molecular and morphological characters is needed to make a strong taxonomic decision on the clade as a whole.
Redescription of Ryukyua circularis (Pillai, 1954) (Isopoda, Cymothoidae), parasite of the Bleeker smoothbelly sardinella Amblygaster clupeoides Bleeker, 1849 from India
Authors: VIGNESHWARAN P. , RAVICHANDRAN S. , MARTIN MELISSA B.
Published: November 2018

Ryukyua circularis (Pillai, 1954) is recorded here for the first time on the host Amblygaster clupeoides Bleeker, 1849 from Indian waters. The species is redescribed with illustrations of the gravid female, adult male and manca from its type locality, and the known hosts and geographical records of the species are reviewed. Ryukyua circularis is readily identified from the oval to rounded body shape, widest at pereonite 3–5; cephalon deeply immersed in pereonite 1; mandible palp with the spiny surface, article 3 with a long terminal setae; pleonite 1–3 partially overlapped by a posterolateral margin of pereonite 7; pleotelson anterior lateral margins weakly convex, posterior margin evenly rounded, without median point.
Arctic geopoetics: Russian politics at the North Pole
Authors: Hansen-Magnusson Hannes
Published: November 2018

The article develops a geopoetic approach to Russian Arctic politics. It rests on the empirical observation that due to climate change, the Arctic landscape is undergoing profound transformations, which has led to multilateral governance efforts but also unilateral pursuits. In this general heterogeneity, Russia’s policies have raised the most pressing questions regarding the country’s motivations to engage in the region. Cultural approaches to global politics are most suitable to create holistic understandings and explanations in this regard, but they lack discussing a spatial dimension of Russian identity. By developing a geopoetic account, the article complements this research through methodological insights from critical geography. Geopoetics focuses on the cultural roots and their cognitive-emotional dimension, on the basis of which claims to the Arctic and related policies resonate with a broader audience. The article argues that Russian policies have their foundation in a utopian ideal of Soviet socialist realism that was widely popularised in the 1920s and later decades. Applying the hermeneutic tool of topos, the article highlights that three features stand out that interweave into a coherent imaginary of the Arctic: first, the heroic explorer; second, the conquest of nature; and third, the role of science and technology. Analysts would do well to bear in mind how the Arctic becomes intelligible when commenting on policies.
Hispanic Youth and Illicit Drug Use: Assessing the Relevance of Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: Nuño Lidia E. , Herrera Veronica M. , Choate David E. , Koontz Meagan
Published: November 2018

Although rates of illicit drug use in the United States have remained stable within the last decade, the age-of-onset for drug use is decreasing for certain substances, and the United States still accounts for the highest rates of overall drug use. In a recent national sample, an estimated 19.8 million users ages 12 years and older were identified. Preventative efforts that target adolescents often neglect to consider differences among racial/ethnic groups. Applying the Social Development Model (SDM), the current study examines the likelihood of drug use among Hispanic youth. Self-reported data ( n = 37,445) from a statewide, school-based sample collected in 2008 are used. Results suggest that the SDM is a promising framework for assessing Hispanic youths’ likelihood of engaging in illicit drug use.
Parenting With a Substance Abuse History: The Moderating Role of Parenting Behaviors on Obesity and Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence
Authors: Lanza H. Isabella , Pittman Patricia , Hser Yih-Ing
Published: November 2018

Although numerous studies have shown that child obesity is associated with internalizing symptoms, relatively few studies have examined the role of parenting behaviors on this relationship. Youth meeting obesity status may be at higher risk of psychosocial maladjustment when exposed to more vulnerable parenting contexts. The current study interviewed mothers with a history of substance abuse to assess whether parenting behaviors moderated the relationship between obesity and internalizing symptoms among adolescents ( N = 160; 51% girls; M = 12.76 years). Hierarchical regression analyses identified physical discipline as a moderator; girls meeting obesity status displayed higher levels of internalizing symptoms when exposed to higher versus lower levels of physical discipline. Prevention/intervention efforts targeting mothers with substance abuse histories should aim to not only improve physical and emotional health but also highlight the connections between physical and emotional health and the influence of parenting behaviors on associations.
Chinese preschoolers’ daily routine and its associations with parent-child relationships and child self-regulation
Authors: Ren Lixin , Fan Jieqiong
Published: November 2018

Popular parenting literature has often emphasized the importance of establishing predictable routines during early childhood. Using a sample of 688 Chinese preschool-aged children, the current study examined how child routines were related to parent-child relationships and self-regulation. This study first examined the psychometric properties of the Child Routines Questionnaire-Preschool among Chinese preschoolers. The instrument demonstrated sound reliability and validity. Furthermore, the findings showed that routines in children’s daily living, activities, and discipline were all positively related to parent-child closeness and negatively related to parent-child conflict, even after controlling for parenting styles. In addition, child routines were also associated with teacher-reported self-control and behavioral concerns. The current study provided initial evidence on the role of routines in promoting parent-child relationships and self-regulation among a Chinese sample of preschool-aged children.
Resources and repertoires: Elderly online practices
Authors: Olsson Tobias , Samuelsson Ulli , Viscovi Dino
Published: November 2018

Inspired by the theoretical notion of media repertoires, this article analyses what online repertoires Swedish senior citizens construct in everyday life. It answers two research questions: What online repertoires do elderly users have? How do elderly users’ online repertoires vary depending on their access to material, discursive and social resources? The article draws on data from a large, representative Swedish survey ( n = 1264, response rate 63%), and uses correlations and multiple regression analysis to identify and analyse online repertoires with reference to elderly users’ access to resources such as income, infrastructure, level of education and social networks. The analysis reveals a significant element of selectivity in the online repertoires of elderly users. It also shows strong connections between different Internet activities. In addition, it offers substantial evidence in support of the proposition that individuals who are resource rich have broader repertoires and higher frequency of usage than other users.
Stuck on the Train of Ruminative Thoughts: The Effect of Aggressive Fantasy on Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Poon Kai-Tak , Wong Wing-Yan
Published: November 2018

Previous studies have focused almost exclusively on identifying the antecedents of aggression and violence; as such, there are virtually no experimental data about the psychological consequences of fantasizing aggressive and violent actions. The present experiment aimed to fill this significant informational void in the literature by testing whether aggressive fantasy would influence people’s rumination tendency and subjective well-being. We hypothesized that aggressive fantasy would make people more likely to ruminate, which would thereby lower their subjective well-being. To test this prediction, we recruited a sample of participants, who were adults in the United States (overall valid N = 113; 39 men; mean age = 36.27, SD = 11.27), and they were randomly assigned to either the aggressive fantasy condition or the control condition. At the beginning of the experiment, participants were asked to think of a person they despised and describe the characteristics of the despised person. Next, participants in the aggressive fantasy condition fantasized aggressive and violent actions toward the despised target, while participants in the control condition fantasized a control experience. Finally, their state rumination and subjective well-being were assessed. The results showed that, relative to participants who did not fantasize aggression, those who engaged in aggressive fantasy reported higher levels of rumination and lower levels of subjective well-being. Further analysis showed that enhanced rumination significantly mediated the effect of aggressive fantasy on subjective well-being. The present findings contribute to the literature by providing new insights into the psychological consequences of aggressive and violent responses and the underlying mechanism.
Progression in Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Pathogenesis, Neuroimaging Evaluation, and Treatment
Authors: Zhang Xin , Su Jiabin , Gao Chao , Ni Wei , Gao Xinjie , Li Yuxin , Zhang Jun , Lei Yu , Gu Yuxiang
Published: November 2018

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) defines an entire spectrum of neurologic disorders from mild cognitive impairment to dementia caused by cerebral vascular disease. The pathogenesis of VCI includes ischemic factors (e.g., large vessel occlusion and small vessel dysfunction); hemorrhagic factors (e.g., intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage); and other factors (combined with Alzheimer’s disease). Clinical evaluations of VCI mainly refer to neuropsychological testing and imaging assessments, including structural and functional neuroimaging, with different advantages. At present, the main treatment for VCI focuses on neurological protection, cerebral blood flow reconstruction, and neurological rehabilitation, such as pharmacological treatment, revascularization, and cognitive training. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis, neuroimaging evaluation, and treatment of VCI.
B7-H3 and B7-H4 expression in phyllodes tumors of the breast detected by RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry: Association with clinicopathological features and T-cell infiltration
Authors: Kim Ga-Eon , Kim Nah Ihm , Park Min Ho , Lee Ji Shin
Published: November 2018

Phyllodes tumors are rare biphasic breast tumors with the potential for both local recurrence and distant metastasis. The aberrant expression of B7-H3 and B7-H4 B7 molecules could be potential targets for future development of immunotherapeutic approaches. This work was undertaken to evaluate the expression of B7-H3 and B7-H4 in phyllodes tumors and assess the association with the grade and clinical behavior of phyllodes tumors. In addition, the roles of B7-H3 and B7-H4 in the regulation of tumor immune surveillance were evaluated by assessing the relationship between B7-H3/B7-H4 expression and T-cell infiltration. The messenger RNA and protein expression of B7-H3/B7-H4 were determined by RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in 101 phyllodes tumors (60 benign, 26 borderline, and 15 malignant) using a tissue microarray. Immunohistochemistry for CD3 and CD8 was also performed. B7-H3 messenger RNA and protein appeared to be concentrated mainly in the stromal compartment of phyllodes tumors. However, B7-H4 messenger RNA and protein were undetectable in the stromal compartment of phyllodes tumors. Stromal B7-H3 messenger RNA and protein expression were noted in 10 (16.7%) and 31 (51.7%) of 60 benign phyllodes tumors, 12 (46.1%) and 20 (76.9%) of 26 borderline phyllodes tumors, and 10 (66.7%) and 13 (86.7%) of 15 malignant phyllodes tumors, respectively. Stromal B7-H3 messenger RNA and protein expression increased as phyllodes tumors progressed from benign to borderline and finally to the malignant grade (Pearson’s R = 0.411, p < 0.001 and Pearson’s R = 0.293, p = 0.003, respectively). The recurrence rate was higher in the stromal B7-H3 messenger RNA or protein-positive group than in the negative group, but this difference was not significant. Stromal B7-H3 protein expression inversely correlated with the densities of CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltrates ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively). These results suggest that B7-H3 is involved in the progression of phyllodes tumors and may contribute to their immune surveillance.
Healthcare Providers’ Attitudes, Knowledge, and Practice Behaviors for Educating Patients About Advance Directives: A National Survey
Authors: Nedjat-Haiem Frances R. , Cadet Tamara J. , Amatya Anup , Mishra Shiraz I.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Advance care planning for end-of-life care emerged in the mid-1970’s to address the need for tools, such as the advance directive (AD) legal document, to guide medical decision-making among seriously ill patients, their families, and healthcare providers.

Objective:

Study aims examine providers’ perspectives on AD education that involve examining (1) a range of attitudes about educating patients, (2) whether prior knowledge was associated with practice behaviors in educating patients, and (3) specific factors among healthcare providers such as characteristics of work setting, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors that may influence AD education and documentation.

Design:

To examine providers’ views, we conducted a cross-sectional, online survey questionnaire of healthcare providers using social media outreach methods for recruitment.

Methods:

This study used a cross-sectional survey design to examine the proposed aims. Healthcare providers, recruited through a broad approach using snowball methods, were invited to participate in an online survey. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine providers’ views toward AD education.

Results:

Of 520 participants, findings indicate that most healthcare providers said that they were knowledgeable about AD education. They also viewed providing education as beneficial to their practice. These findings suggest that having a positive attitude toward AD education and experiencing less organizational barriers indicate a higher likelihood that providers will educate patients regarding ADs.

Conclusion:

Various disciplines are represented in this study, which indicates that attitudes and knowledge influence AD discussions. The importance of AD discussions initiated by healthcare providers is critical to providing optimal patient-centered care.
Coryneform Bacteria in Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: Morphological Diagnosis in Breast Biopsies
Authors: Oddó David , Stefanelli Angeles , Villarroel Alejandra , Méndez Gonzalo P.
Published: November 2018

Granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare disease whose origin is still unknown and shows an increase in its frequency. Morphological, microbiological, and molecular biology studies have linked this disease to lipophilic and fastidious corynebacteria, suggesting its possible infectious etiology. This series describes and reviews in detail the distinctive morphological characteristics of the bacteria present in the granulomas of this disease, the usefulness of histochemical techniques for their identification, and our proposal for a tissue quantification score for the bacteria. The MacCallum-Goodpasture method of Gram’s stain turned out to be the gold standard for examination, but we also highlight the efficiency of hematoxylin and eosin stain when it is exhaustively examined as well as the Grocott stain to evaluate the bacterial pleomorphism method, which is often underutilized.
Features of Pharmacodynamics of the Anticoagulant Dabigatran in Secondary Thrombophilia
Authors: Kairov Gaisa T. , Solovev Maksim A. , Kotlovskaya Larisa Y. , Udut Vladimir V.
Published: November 2018

One of the crucial risk factors for development of severe postthrombotic disease (PTD) is the recurrence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). New opportunities for pharmacological thromboprophylaxis of secondary thrombophilia were associated with the direct thrombin inhibitor—Dabigatran (Pradaxa; Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany). We aimed to investigate the daily pharmacodynamics of dabigatran in healthy volunteers and patients with PTD. Treatment with dabigatran in patients with PTD having chronic chronometric hypercoagulation and structural hypocoagulation before the administration of the drug is fraught with excessive anticoagulation and a high risk of clinically significant bleeding. In patients with PTD with detected chronometric and structural hypercoagulability before taking a direct thrombin inhibitor, treatment with dabigatran is fraught with possible inadequate anticoagulation and a high risk of clinically significant relapses of thromboses. According to our data, markers of risk of hemorrhagic complications under Dabigatran are the thromboelastography indicators lying within the reference values of the healthy before the administration of the drug: fibrin–platelet clot formation, maximum amplitude of TEG; total lytic activity of blood, and thrombodynamic potential index . Monitoring the effects of the targeted anticoagulant demonstrated the need for correction of dosage and discrete use of the drug in prevention and treatment for thrombohemorrhagic complications in this category of patients. The results of the study prove the efficiency of the therapy with dabigatran and “behavior” of hemostatic potential in patients being taken into account and controlled. Therapy may be long term but requires dynamic monitoring of patients with timely dose adjustment to achieve and maintain the target level of hemostatic potential.
Solution of the Kirsch problem for a binary mixture in the case of approximation N=1 of Vekua’s theory
Authors: Janjgava Roman
Published: November 2018

We consider a boundary value problem for an infinite plate with a circular hole. The plate is the mixture of two isotropic elastic materials. The hole is free from stresses, while unilateral tensile stresses act at infinity. The state of plate equilibrium is described by the system of differential equations that is derived from three-dimensional equations of equilibrium of an elastic binary mixture (Green–Naghdi–Steel model) by Vekua’s reduction method. The problem is solved analytically by the method of the theory of functions of a complex variable.
Exercise Intensities as Factors of Metabolic Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moxley Elizabeth , Bugaieski Tory
Published: November 2018

Exercise is effective to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes, although currently underutilized. This review analyzes the metabolic response to exercise performance at various intensities in individuals with type 2 diabetes. These findings provide insight into the development of safe and efficacious exercise prescriptions and education. We conducted a systemic review of the literature to examine the association of various exercise protocols with metabolic outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Between 1984 and 2018, 29 studies were categorized per exercise mode and intensity levels according to the American College of Sports Medicine standards. The most consistent improvement was found in HbA1c following moderate- to high-intensity exercise—post-exercise fasting glucose improved to a lesser extent. Low-intensity exercise improved HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance) levels. Glucose and HbA1c improved most following interval compared with continuous exercise, irrespective of intensity. A comparison of high-intensity exercise with moderate-intensity exercise demonstrated few differences in HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR. Irrespective of exercise intensity, HbA1c improvements were observed, suggesting a delayed progression to diabetes-related complications. Initial low-intensity exercise, with increased quantities when feasible, will contribute to metabolic improvements. The variability in methodology and measurement contributed to inconsistent outcomes; additional research with larger samples sizes is warranted.
Evaluating Accessible Sleep Health Information in Rural and Urban Contexts: Delivery Face-to-Face or Online?
Authors: Osborne Joanne M , Blunden Sarah
Published: November 2018

Objective:

New parents need education about infant sleep but is not universally available especially not in regional and rural areas. We delivered sleep education both face-to-face and online to test sleep knowledge acquisition for parents wherever they reside. Best practice delivery of accessible sleep health information for new families needs to be investigated more carefully in order for specialist services to be universally available.

Methods:

Pre- and post-information session questionnaires (n = 32) assessed levels of knowledge acquisition and comparisons tested differences between face-to-face seminars compared with an online webinar.

Results:

Sleep knowledge across participants was low (69% scoring < 50%). Sleep knowledge significantly increased for both the webinar delivery group ( P = .002) and face-to-face delivery group ( P = .001). No significant differences in knowledge acquisition were found between face-to-face vs online delivery ( P = .170), suggesting both modes of delivery were sufficient to improve parental sleep knowledge.

Conclusions:

Parental sleep knowledge, while low, increased with education. Online delivery was similar to face-to-face delivery suggesting ease of access for rural and remote communities needing specialist sleep information.

Implications for public health:

Information delivered online is effective and offers a health delivery solution to regional and remote parents unable to access sleep services and rendering sleep service accessibility more equitable.
A fractional nonlinear system for release oscillation of silver ions from hollow fibers
Authors: Liu Hong-Yan , Li Zhimin , Yao Yanju
Published: November 2018

A fractional nonlinear differential system is studied to search for its periodic solution near the equilibrium. The release oscillation of silver ions from hollow fibers is used as an example to illustrate the importance of fractional order to the release frequency. The criterion for the periodic solution is obtained and it shows that the fractional order will greatly affect its periodic property.