bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Tetraphenylethene‐Based Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen (AIEgen) With Mechanochromic Phenomena for Highly Selective Naked‐Eye Detection of Mno4− Directly in Aqueous Media
Authors: Jagadhane Kishor S. , Bhosale Sneha R. , Moyo Alfredi A. , Kolekar Govind B. , Sharma Kirankumar K. , Yadav Hemraj M. , Anbhule Prashant V.
Published: November 2022

It is challenging to work on the detection of toxic anions and pollutants directly from aqueous media by using organic molecules. The ability to detect MnO4− selectively and sensitively is essential to improving human health and protecting the environment. As a result, a Tetraphenylethylene‐based chemosensor was successfully synthesized and fully characterized with modern spectroscopic techniques and applied as a new rapid naked‐eye detection for the MnO4− in a mixed aqueous media ACN: H2O (v/v=1/9) by significantly switching off an emission in a mixed aqueous media over another anion. Chemosensor has been thoroughly studied, which shows remarkable photophysical properties such as aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and mechanochromic phenomena. The linear regression (R2) is ≈ 0.98 μgmL−1 and the LOD (the detection limit) as low as 0.150418 μgmL−1 is possible for MnO4−. This work demonstrates structure‐property and application relationships of TPEgen scaffolds and connects topics such as AIE, mechanochromic phenomenon, and naked‐eye fluorescence sensing. The current study‘s fundamental knowledge helps improvement in the fields of TPEgen, anion coordination triggered emission and naked eye fluorescence sensing. As a result, a chemosensor can be developed into a prospective luminescent sensor for detecting MnO4−, as well as onsite detection by using the paper‐based sensor.
Solid‐State Structures of Primary Long‐Chain Alkylamine Borane Adducts – Synthesis, Properties and Computational Analysis
Authors: Turani‐I‐Belloto Kevin , Valero‐Pedraza María‐José , Petit Eddy , Chiriac Rodica , Toche François , Granier Dominique , Yot Pascal G. , Alauzun Johan G. , Demirci Umit B.
Published: November 2022

Two new members of the amine boranes family are hexadecylamine borane C16H33NH2BH3 (C16AB) and octadecylamine borane C18H35NH2BH3 (C18AB). They are easily synthesized by reaction of the corresponding amines with borane dimethyl sulfide. Both are white solids; they are crystalline and isostructural (monoclinic, s.g. P21/a (No. 14)). Their successful synthesis has been verified by molecular (FTIR, Raman, NMR) and structural analyses as well as computational calculations (e. g. Mulliken charges). These analyses have also pointed out the existence of dihydrogen bonds between Hδ+ of NH2 of one molecule and Hδ− of BH3 of another molecule. The thermal stability of C16AB and C18AB was studied. Both solids melts at 70–80 °C; between 100 and ca. 210 °C they dehydrogenate while releasing 1.1‐1.4 wt% of pure H2; and, above 210 °C, they decompose in high extent. All of these findings may open the way to future works on molecular self‐assembly, synthesis of advanced materials and hydrogen storage. This is discussed hereafter.
Organic Charge‐Transfer Complexes for Near‐Infrared‐Triggered Photothermal Materials
Authors: An Lei , Zheng Liangyu , Xu Chao , Zhao Ziqi , Gao Fan , Wang Wenjun , Ou Changjin , Dong Xiaochen
Published: November 2022

Organic photothermal materials excited by near‐infrared (NIR) light display promising applications in biomedicine, optoelectronic devices, water purification, and so on. However, the most NIR responsive organic photothermal materials are in the mire of laborious synthesis, high cost, and limited functions. The newly emerging charge‐transfer complexes (CTCs) are promising photothermal materials to solve the issues and are receiving much attention. Compared with traditional photothermal agents, CTCs possess strong NIR absorption, high photo‐to‐thermal conversion efficiency, simple synthesis, and function‐directed material design. Herein, the latest advances in NIR‐excited CTCs for photothermal agents are systematically summarized. First, the basic structure–performance relationships are introduced. Then, several important factors affecting the photothermal properties of the CTCs are discussed from the sight of photophysics, and a comprehensive comparison is made among the nanoparticle systems. Finally, organic photothermal CTCs are highlighted as a multifunctional platform for applications and the perspective is given.
Acid–Base Property of Tetragonal YNbO4 with Phosphate Groups and Its Catalysis for the Dehydration of Glucose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Padovan Daniele , Endo Koichiro , Matsumoto Takeshi , Yokoi Toshiyuki , Fukuoka Atsushi , Kato Hideki , Nakajima Kiyotaka
Published: November 2022

Acid–base properties of amphoteric crystalline YNbO4, which is synthesized by co‐precipitation method using a water‐soluble Nb peroxo complex, are adjusted by the impregnation of phosphate groups. The resulting phosphate–YNbO4 materials are tested for glucose dehydration to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Both activity and selectivity increase by the introduction of phosphate groups, giving the optimal catalyst with five phosphate groups per nm2 of surface (5P‐YNbO4). 5P‐YNbO4 shows ≈50% selectivity at 75% conversion. Pyridine adsorption experiments show that 5P‐YNbO4 exclusively possesses Lewis acidity. NH3‐ and CO2‐temperature programmed desorption measurements confirm that phosphoric acid treatment increases acid strength and acid density with concurrent loss of basicity. Experiments using isotope‐labeled glucose clarify that HMF is formed on 5P‐YNbO4 through the stepwise dehydration reaction mechanism. Recyclability experiments show an accumulation of carbon deposits at the end of each reaction causing deactivation, but the activity can be completely recovered by successive washing with water and subsequent calcination at 400 °C in air.
High‐strength steel‐wire‐mesh reinforced square concrete filled steel tubular columns: Concept and compressive behavior
Authors: Xiong Ming‐Xiang , Xiong Gong‐Yu , Hu Qi‐Dong , Chen Xu‐Chi
Published: November 2022

Confinement from steel tube to concrete core is generally low in square concrete‐filled steel tubular (CFST) columns compared with their circular counterparts. To improve it, a new confining measure based on high‐strength steel wire meshes (SWMs) has been proposed in this study. Different from traditional measures usually confining the concrete core from outside of it, the SWM confines the concrete core from inside of it by utilizing interaction force between SWM and concrete. Axial compression test on short SWM reinforced CFST columns was conducted to examine the efficiency of SWM. The test results demonstrated that the compressive load‐carrying capacity of the square CFST column could be improved by 21.7% with a steel wire ratio of 1.54%. Finite element analysis was carried out to investigate some mechanical behaviors that were not captured in the test. It was revealed that the strength of SWM can be fully utilized, provided the entire section of concrete is reinforced by SWM and the SWM is placed along the middle half‐part of column. Based on the results of this study, the use of high‐strength SWM is proved an effective measure to improve the compressive performance of square CFST columns.
Determination of Arterial Compliance Using Electrical Peripheral Bioimpedance
Authors: Mansouri Sofiene
Published: November 2022

Arterial compliance is an important cardiovascular parameter. It can be measured by several techniques. Most of them are invasive. In this article, we investigated and confirmed the relevance of using a non‐invasive method, peripheral electrical impedance to estimate compliance. We considered a study population composed by a healthy group of 82 volunteers, and a diseases group of 59 volunteers. We determined arterial compliance values for all subjects and studied them as a function of health status, gender, age, blood pressure, blood volume, and baseline impedance Z0. Experimental results showed that arterial compliance is significantly lower in cardiac (1.7 ± 1.0), or diabetic (1.5 ± 1) patients compared to healthy subjects, 2.6 ± 1.1 ml/mmHg (p < 0.001). The comparison of arterial compliance values estimated by peripheral bioimpedance and by echocardiography showed acceptable precision with a mean absolute error = 0.1 and a mean percentage error = 8.51%. Arterial compliance is a potentially useful hemodynamic parameter that could be successfully used to detect several diseases and as a predictor of future heart disease. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Bearing Scratch Fault Detection by Three‐Dimensional Features and a Support Vector Machine
Authors: Yatsugi Kenichi , Kone Shrinathan Esaki Muthu Pandara , Mizuno Yukio , Nakamura Hisahide
Published: November 2022

Induction motors play a crucial role in various industries owing to their high robustness. The demand for early fault detection is getting attention to avoid serious damage to the machines. Bearing fault is the most common failure in induction motors and the possibility of scratches has a higher probability among the various classes of the bearing faults. Recently, the effective diagnosis method considering the progression and orientation of the scratch fault by using a machine learning algorithm have been reported. However, the diagnosis of such scratch faults with high accuracy is still required and challenging for early fault detection. In this article, the scratch faults are diagnosed with high accuracy rate and the detailed analysis are conducted. A support vector machine algorithm is used to diagnose the faults, where sideband frequency components of the load current are used as the features. In order to obtain high accuracy rate, additional features are considered, where in this study, the rotating speed of the motor and a higher order frequency component are selected as candidates and compared. The rotating speed along with sideband components of load current shows high accuracy rate. Furthermore, the robustness of the method is tested against the multiple faults. The results show that the rotating speed is an effective feature for highly sensitive diagnoses of bearing scratch faults. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Antarctica's vegetation in a changing climate
Authors: Colesie Claudia , Walshaw Charlotte V. , Sancho Leopoldo Garcia , Davey Matthew P. , Gray Andrew
Published: November 2022

Antarctica plays a central role in regulating global climatic and oceanographic patterns and is an integral part of global climate change discussions. The functioning of Antarctica's terrestrial ecosystems is dominated by poikilohydric cryptogams such as lichens, bryophytes, eukaryotic algae, and cyanobacteria and there are only two native species of vascular plants. Antarctica's vegetation is highly adapted to the region's extreme conditions but, at the same time, it is potentially highly susceptible to climatic fluctuations. Biological responses to shifts in temperature, water availability, wind patterns, snow, and ice cover are complex, taxa‐specific and act on different temporal and spatial scales. In maritime Antarctica, where warming and mass loss of outlet glaciers have been mainly observed, the vegetation is expected to show increases in productivity, abundance, and cover. In continental Antarctica, observational and experimental evidence is still sparse, but it is pointing toward even drier and harsher conditions for survival. We need more information on what the observed and predicted changes in Antarctic vegetation are for different regions and ecosystems. This will inform us how environmental change and human impact will shape the future of these ecosystems, and whether the speed and magnitude of change have habitat‐specific effects and implications. Antarctica's unique ecosystems are changing and in this review, we describe the current situation, tools to measure, and evaluate change and how change is likely to look in the future.

This article is categorized under:

Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Observed Ecological Changes

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change

Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Modeling Species and Community Interactions

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Observed Impacts of Climate Change
Endoscopy-Assisted Breast Surgery for Breast Cancer
Authors: Wei Tang Siau
Published: November 2022

Modified radical mastectomy was traditionally the preferred method for treating operable breast cancer. With advances in surgical techniques over the past few decades, breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and sentinel lymph node biopsy are now acceptable treatments for early breast cancer. Over the last two decades, endoscopic techniques had initially been adapted to facilitate cosmetic breast augmentation surgery but are now increasingly adopted in the surgical management of breast cancer [1–3]. It is often done to optimize the cosmetic outcome by performing surgery through small wounds hidden in the axilla or periareolar areas. If endoscopic mastectomy is performed, it is often followed by immediate reconstruction.
Transoral Endoscopic Zenker Diverticulotomy
Authors: Ng Christina H. L. , Lim Chwee Ming
Published: November 2022

Zenker’s diverticulum is an outpouching that emerges from Killian’s triangle dehiscence, formed by oblique fibers of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and cricopharyngeus muscle. In this chapter, we review the clinical presentation, pathophysiology and diagnostic features of Zenker’s diverticulum. The two main surgical procedures to treat symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum are presented with particular emphasis on transoral endoscopic Zenker diverticulotomy. The surgical technique of performing this procedure is presented, along with accompanying endoscopic pictures to demonstrate the step-by-step illustration of this technique.
One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB)
Authors: Salgaonkar Hrishikesh , Sharples Alistair , Marimuthu Kanagaraj , Rao Vittal , Balaji Nagammapudur
Published: November 2022

One-anastomosis gastric bypass is an attractive option in the armament of a Bariatric surgeon. A relatively simple procedure, it has been effective in inducing weight loss and resolution of obesity-associated comorbidities. Easy technique, shorter operative times, and low complication rates make it an attractive alternative option, particularly in super-obese individuals. While concerns remain regarding the long-term safety profile with regards to biliary reflux, risk of esophagogastric malignancies, and marginal ulcer. For the scope of this chapter, our focus will be on the advent of the concept, the surgical technique, and tips and tricks.
Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Tuan Le Quan Anh , Hai Pham Minh
Published: November 2022

Evolution and difficulties of Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Laparoscopic Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh (IPOM) and IPOM Plus
Authors: Malik Sajid , Wijerathne Sujith
Published: November 2022

Minimally Invasive Surgery has revolutionized the surgical practice by imparting its ability to avoid major abdominal wall incisions [1]. It is expected that laparoscopic surgery might reduce the burden of incisional hernias which is the most common complication after abdominal surgery and despite ongoing research in wound closure and reparative techniques, abdominal incisional hernia remains an unresolved problem [1]. The outcome of incisional hernia may have major social and economic implications and worldwide 10–30% of patients undergoing laparotomy will develop an incisional hernia and subsequent conventional open repair often fails to adequately address this substantial problem [2]. The recurrence rate for primary tissue repairs may approach the 35% range, which is higher than the primary occurrence rate; when repaired for recurrence, rates have been reported greater than 50%. Although the advent of prosthetic repair has significantly reduced the recurrence rate compared with that of primary suture repair, it remains in the ranges of 10–24% [3].
Laparoscopic Left Hemicolectomy
Authors: Shen Ming-Yin , Leow Yeen Chin , Chen William Tzu-Liang
Published: November 2022

What is the clear definition of left colectomy? Unfortunately, the answer is not as clear as it is with a right colectomy. The resection can involve resection of the colonic segment anywhere between the left transverse colon and the upper rectum. For tumors involving the left transverse colon or splenic flexure, left hemicolectomy (LC) is the preferred operation. A LC is considered to be a resection of the mid-transverse colon to the descending/sigmoid junction. In complete mesocolic excision (CME) and central vascular ligation (CVL) for left transverse colon or splenic flexure colon cancer, ligation of the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV), left branch of the middle colic artery (lt-MCA), and left colic artery (LCA) at the root must be considered [1]. For resection of mid- or distal descending colon tumors, the oncological resection requires division of the inferior mesenteric artery at its origin. If the resection carried out involved the distal transverse colon up to the sigmoid-descending junction, it should be considered as a left segmentary colectomy [2].
Laparoscopic Total Colectomy
Authors: Shen Mina Ming Yin , Chen William Tzu-Liang
Published: November 2022

Total colectomy (TC) with ileorectal (IRA) is frequently performed for colorectal cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis, unidentified bleeding from the lower GI tract, inflammatory bowel disease, and sometimes for extended diverticulosis or colonic inertia. Minimally invasive approaches to total colectomy have significantly lower morbidity compared to open approach, with significantly shorter hospitalization length [1].
Laparoscopic Ventral Mesh Rectopexy
Authors: Seow-En Isaac , Kwong-Wei EmileTan , Chen WilliamTzu-Liang
Published: November 2022

Rectal prolapse (RP) is a disabling condition and can range from internal rectal prolapse (IRP) or rectal intussusception to full-thickness external rectal prolapse (ERP). RP occurs in 0.5% of the general population, with a higher incidence in females and the elderly [1].Intellectual disability and psychiatric conditions are a risk factor for RP in younger patients. Patients with an IRP usually experience functional symptoms of obstructed defecation (OD) or fecal incontinence (FI), while patients with ERP suffer from pain, rectal bleeding, and FI [2].Two recent guidelines have been published on the management of rectal prolapse, the 2017 American guidelines [1] and the 2017 Dutch guidelines [2].The recommendations in this chapter are summarized from these sets of guidelines as well as additional up-to-date evidence.
Imaging-Enhancing System
Authors: Lee-Ong Alembert , Buenafe Alfred Allen
Published: November 2022

Visualization is one of the fundamental pillars (including CO2 insufflation and instrumentation) critical to performing MIS. Initially evolved from direct view through the laparoscope to indirect view on the monitor projected from a camera system. Early advances were geared towards improving the image quality and reproduction of stereoscopic vision. Current advancements involve in part or in combination, the application of optical filters to manipulate specific light spectrums (narrow-band imaging) and the use of fluorescent dye (indocyanine green-fluorescent imaging) to see beyond what can be viewed with the naked eye, coupled with the advantage of real-time application. Narrow-band imaging is primarily used in gastrointestinal endoscopy to detect mucosal pathologies, while ICG aid in revealing specific structures beneath tissues and assess tissue perfusion; it is finding interest for application in various MIS procedures.
Instrumentations and Access Devices
Authors: Lee-Ong Alembert , Buenafe Alfred Allen
Published: November 2022

Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) instruments are patterned after conventional hand instruments to perform similar specific functions; they are designed to pass and perform through small diameter ports and at a distance to the target tissues. The development of instruments has evolved since the early period of MIS, starting from the use of rudimentary gynecologic instruments; at that time. Gynecology was the only specialty widely performing laparoscopic procedures. The evolution in design, ergonomics, and variety has been pivotal for advancing endo-laparoscopic surgery to perform more complex surgical procedures with safety and better outcome. Various evolving concepts of MIS like Single-site or reduced Surgery, Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES), Needlescopic Surgery, and Robotic-assisted Surgery have also pushed the development of features such as articulation control, pre-bent configuration, smaller diameter, and robotic instruments to meet specific needs.
Biodegradation of different PET variants from food containers by Ideonella sakaiensis
Authors: Walter Andreas , Sopracolle Laura , Mutschlechner Mira , Spruck Martin , Griesbeck Christoph
Published: November 2022

The accumulation of macro-, micro- and nano-plastic wastes in the environment is a major global concern, as these materials are resilient to degradation processes. However, microorganisms have evolved their own biological means to metabolize these petroleum-derived polymers, e.g., Ideonella sakaiensis has recently been found to be capable of utilizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as its sole carbon source. This study aims to prove its potential capacity to biodegrade two commercial PET materials, obtained from food packaging containers. Plastic pieces of different crystallinity were simultaneously introduced to Ideonella sakaiensis during a seven-week lasting investigation. Loss in weight, appearance of plastics, as well as growth of Ideonella sakaiensis—through quantitative real-time PCR—were determined. Both plastics were found enzymatically attacked in a two-stage degradation process, reaching biodegradation capacities of up to 96%. Interestingly, the transparent, high crystallinity PET was almost fully degraded first, followed by the colored low-crystallinity PET. Results of quantitative real-time PCR-based gene copy numbers were found in line with experimental results, thus underlining its potential of this method to be applied in future studies with Ideonella sakaiensis.
On the Exponent Governing the Correlation Decay of the $$\hbox {Airy}_1$$ Process
Authors: Basu Riddhipratim , Busani Ofer , Ferrari Patrik L.
Published: November 2022

We study the decay of the covariance of the$$\hbox {Airy}_1$$Airy1process,$${{\mathcal {A}}}_1$$A1, a stationary stochastic process on$$\mathbb {R}$$Rthat arises as a universal scaling limit in the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) universality class. We show that the decay is super-exponential and determine the leading order term in the exponent by showing that$${{\,\textrm{Cov}\,}}({{\mathcal {A}}}_1(0),\mathcal{A}_1(u))= e^{-(\frac{4}{3}+o(1))u^3}$$Cov(A1(0),A1(u))=e-(43+o(1))u3as$$u\rightarrow \infty $$u→∞. The proof employs a combination of probabilistic techniques and integrable probability estimates. The upper bound uses the connection of$$\mathcal{A}_1$$A1to planar exponential last passage percolation and several new results on the geometry of point-to-line geodesics in the latter model which are of independent interest; while the lower bound is primarily analytic, using the Fredholm determinant expressions for the two point function of the$$\hbox {Airy}_1$$Airy1process together with the FKG inequality.
Blue light-emitting fluorene–dendron hybridized polymers: optophysical features
Authors: Kadu Rupashri K. , Thakur Pramod B. , Zote Santosh W. , Donde Kamini J. , Barbezat Michel , Terrasi Giovanni P. , Patil Vishwanath R. , Pansare Amol V.
Published: November 2022

In this manuscript, we have demonstrated an efficient and rapid synthetic strategy for preparation of new fluorene–dendron-hybridized blue light-emitting polymers P1–P7 by the reaction of 9,9 long-chain dialkylated fluorenes M2–M8 with dendronized monomer (M1) under microwave-assisted reaction condition. These fluorene–dendron-hybridized polymers P1–P7 were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, the optophysical properties of these polymers P1–P7 were studied which revealed that these synthesized polymers P1–P7 have potential to emerge as capable materials in the development of diodes, particularly for blue light emission. In the future, similar approaches would be utilized for preparation of light-emitting polymer composite.
Polarized iridescence of the tropical carpenter bee, Xylocopa latipes
Authors: Stavenga Doekele G. , Kats Kim , Leertouwer Hein L.
Published: November 2022

The tropical carpenter bee, Xylocopa latipes, has metallic-reflecting, iridescent wings. The wing reflectance spectra for TE- and TM-polarized light depend on the angle of light incidence in a way characteristic for dielectric multilayers. Anatomy indicates the presence of melanin multilayers in the wing’s chitinous matrix. A simple optical model of melanin multilayers explains the angle dependence of the wing reflectance spectra. The wing reflections that occur upon oblique illumination exhibit colourful and strongly polarized light patterns, which may mediate intraspecific signaling and mutual recognition by conspecifics.
Elevated platelet–leukocyte complexes are associated with, but dispensable for myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Starz Christopher , Härdtner Carmen , Mauler Maximilian , Dufner Bianca , Hoppe Natalie , Krebs Katja , Ehlert Carolin Anna , Merz Julian , Heidt Timo , Stachon Peter , Wolf Dennis , Bode Christoph , von zur Muehlen Constantin , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Gawaz Meinrad , Duerschmied Daniel , Leuschner Florian , Borst Oliver , Westermann Dirk , Hilgendorf Ingo
Published: November 2022

Aims

P-selectin is an activatable adhesion molecule on platelets promoting platelet aggregation, and platelet–leukocyte complex (PLC) formation. Increased numbers of PLC are circulating in the blood of patients shortly after acute myocardial infarction and predict adverse outcomes. These correlations led to speculations about whether PLC may represent novel therapeutic targets. We therefore set out to elucidate the pathomechanistic relevance of PLC in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Methods and results

By generating P-selectin deficient bone marrow chimeric mice, the post-myocardial infarction surge in PLC numbers in blood was prevented. Yet, intravital microscopy, flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining, echocardiography, and gene expression profiling showed unequivocally that leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall, leukocyte infiltration, and myocardial damage post-infarction were not altered in response to the lack in PLC.

Conclusion

We conclude that myocardial infarction associated sterile inflammation triggers PLC formation, reminiscent of conserved immunothrombotic responses, but without PLC influencing myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in return. Our experimental data do not support a therapeutic concept of selectively targeting PLC formation in myocardial infarction.
Widespread CNS pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis homozygous for the D90A SOD1 mutation
Authors: Forsberg Karin M. , Graffmo Karin S. , Stenvall Erica , Tabikh Naima , Marklund Stefan L. , Brännström Thomas , Andersen Peter M.
Published: November 2022

Mutations in the gene encoding the ubiquitously expressed free radical scavenging enzyme superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) are found in 2–6% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. The most frequent SOD1 mutation worldwide is D90A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by this mutation has some unusual features: the heredity is usually recessive, the phenotype is stereotypic with slowly evolving motor symptoms beginning in the legs and may also include sensory, autonomic, and urinary bladder involvement. Furthermore, the mutant protein resembles the wild type, with normal content and enzymatic activity in the central nervous system. Here, we report neuropathological findings in nine patients homozygous for the D90A mutation. All nine had numerous small granular inclusions immunoreactive for misfolded SOD1 in motor neurons and glial nuclei in the spinal cord and brainstem. In addition to degeneration of the corticospinal tracts, all patients had degeneration of the dorsal columns. We also found intense gliosis in circumscribed cortical areas of the frontal and temporal lobes and in the insula. In these areas and in adjacent white matter, there were SOD1 staining neuropil threads. A few SOD1-immunopositive cytoplasmic neuronal inclusions were observed in cortical areas, as were glial nuclear inclusions. As suggested by the symptoms and signs and earlier neurophysiological and imaging investigations, the histopathology in patients homozygous for the D90A SOD1 extends beyond the motor system to include cognitive and sensory cortical areas. However, even in the patients that had a symptomatic disease duration of more than 2 or 3 decades and lived into their 70s or 80s, there were no SOD1-inclusion pathology and no typical dysfunction (apart from the musculature) in non-nervous organs. Thus, only specific parts of the CNS seem to be vulnerable to toxicity provoked by homozygously expressed mutant SOD1.
Italian version of the Rasch-Built Overall Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Disability Scale (ROADS): validation and longitudinal performance
Authors: Fortuna Andrea , Sabbatini Daniele , Frigo Annachiara , Bello Luca , Calvi Francesca , Blasi Lorenzo , Gianferrari Giulia , Martinelli Ilaria , Minicuci Giacomo , Pegoraro Elena , Mandrioli Jessica , Sorarù Gianni
Published: November 2022

Objective

To validate an Italian version of the Rasch-Built Overall ALS Disability Scale (ROADS) in a broad population of patients and assess its longitudinal performance over time.

Methods

270 ALS patients referring to the Motor Neuron Disease Clinic of the University of Padova and Modena (Italy) accepted to compile the Italian version of the ROADS and results were correlated with the ALSFRSr and ALSAQ-40 scores, FVC values, and creatinine or albumin blood levels. To verify test–retest reliability, patients were asked to fill in a second copy of the scale within 5–7 days. Thirty-nine patients compiled a further copy of questionnaire during the follow up visit (after 133 days on average) which allowed us a longitudinal assessment of the scale.

Results

We found a good external construct validity between ROADS and either ALSFRS-R (correlation coefficient = 0.85) or ALSAQ-40 (correlation coefficient = − 0.84). Test–retest reliability was excellent with a concordance-correlation coefficient of 0.93. Yet, we observed a significant correlation between changes over time of the ROADS normalised sum score (− 2.18 point loss per month) and those of both the ALSFRS-R (positive correlation; Rho = 0.64, p ≤ 0.0001) or the ALSAQ-40 (negative correlation; Rho = − 0.60, p = 0.014).

Conclusions

The Italian version of ROADS proved to be a reliable marker to monitor overall disability in ALS patients. Further studies are necessary to assess its longitudinal performance.
Crosstalk between exosomes and autophagy in spinal cord injury: fresh positive target for therapeutic application
Authors: Li Rui-yu , Hu Qi , Shi Xu , Luo Zhen-yu , Shao Dong-hua
Published: November 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a very serious clinical traumatic illness with a very high disability rate. It not only causes serious functional disorders below the injured segment, but also causes unimaginable economic burden to social development. Exosomes are nano-sized cellular communication carriers that exist stably in almost all organisms and cell types. Because of their capacity to transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, they affect various physiological and pathological functions of recipient cells and parental cells. Autophagy is a process that relies on the lysosomal pathway to degrade cytoplasmic proteins and organelles and involves a variety of pathophysiological processes. Exosomes and autophagy play critical roles in cellular homeostasis following spinal cord injury. Presently, the coordination mechanism of exosomes and autophagy has attracted much attention in the early efficacy of spinal cord injury. In this review, we discussed the interaction of autophagy and exosomes from the perspective of molecular mechanisms, which might provide novel insights for the early therapeutic application of spinal cord injury.
Three-year clinical evaluation of zirconia and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate crowns with minimally invasive vertical preparation technique
Authors: Kasem Ammar T. , Ellayeh Mohamed , Özcan Mutlu , Sakrana Amal Abdelsamad
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Large part of the tooth is required to be removed during crown preparation. A minimally invasive method for preparing single crowns is required to increase the durability of teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of two ceramic systems fabricated with minimally invasive vertical preparation.

Materials and methods

Forty endodontically treated maxillary premolars were prepared with vertical preparation and received temporary crowns for a period of 21 days. Twenty zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Celtra Duo HT, Dentsply Sirona, Germany) and 20 monolithic high translucency zirconia (Katana HT, Kuarary Noritake, Japan) crowns were fabricated by CAD/CAM and cemented with dual-polymerizing luting resin. The crowns were evaluated clinically and radiographically for 36 months following modified FDI criteria. Statistical analysis was conducted with t Student test (Cochran Q).

Results

Over the follow-up period, there was no need to replace any of the study’s crowns. The overall survival rate of the 40 crowns was 100% according to the Kaplan–Meier survival method. The clinical quality of all crowns and the patient’s satisfaction were high. No caries was detected and no adverse soft tissue reactions around the crowns were observed. Periodontal probing depth was reported to be increased at mesial and distal sites more than the facial one in the 36-month follow-up with no statistically significant difference between both materials (P = 0.186).

Conclusions

Zirconia and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate could be used as a material for restoration of teeth prepared with vertical preparation technique. Both ceramic materials achieved good esthetic results, promotes healthy and stable soft tissues with no mechanical complications after 3 years of clinical evaluation.

Clinical relevance

Monolithic high translucency zirconia and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics can be used for the restorations of minimal invasive vertical preparation in premolar area with 0.5 mm margin thickness.
28-day sepsis mortality prediction model from combined serial interleukin-6, lactate, and procalcitonin measurements: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xie Yinjing , Zhuang Dehua , Chen Huaisheng , Zou Shiqing , Chen Weibu , Chen Yue
Published: November 2022

Sepsis is a global medical issue owing to its unacceptably high mortality rate. Therefore, an effective approach to predicting patient outcomes is critically needed. We aimed to search for a novel 28-day sepsis mortality prediction model based on serial interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactate (LAC), and procalcitonin (PCT) measurements. We enrolled 367 septic patients based on Sepsis-3 (Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock). Serum IL-6, LAC, and PCT levels were measured serially. Results collected within 24 and 48–72 h of admission were marked as D1 and D3 (e.g., IL-6D1/D3), respectively; the IL-6, LAC, and PCT clearance (IL-6c, LACc, PCTc) at D3 were calculated. Data were split into training and validation cohorts (7:3). Logistic regression analyses were used to select variables to develop models and choose the best one according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to test model performance. A nomogram was used to validate the model. There were 314 (85.56%) survivors and 53 (14.44%) non-survivors. Logistic regression analyses showed that IL-6D1, IL-6D3, PCTD1, PCTD3, and LACcD3 could be used to develop the best prediction model. The areas under the curves (AUC) of the training (0.849, 95% CI: 0.787–0.911) and validation cohorts (0.828, 95% CI: 0.727–0.929), calibration plot, and the DCA showed that the model performed well. Thus, the predictive value of the risk nomogram was verified. Combining IL-6D1, IL-6D3, PCTD1, PCTD3, and LACcD3 may create an accurate prediction model for 28-day sepsis mortality. Multiple-center research with a larger quantity of data is necessary to determine its clinical utility.
FtsZ phosphorylation pleiotropically affects Z-ladder formation, antibiotic production, and morphogenesis in Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Yagüe Paula , Willemse Joost , Xiao Xiansha , Zhang Le , Manteca Angel , van Wezel Gilles P.
Published: November 2022

The GTPase FtsZ forms the cell division scaffold in bacteria, which mediates the recruitment of the other components of the divisome. Streptomycetes undergo two different forms of cell division. Septa without detectable peptidoglycan divide the highly compartmentalised young hyphae during early vegetative growth, and cross-walls are formed that dissect the hyphae into long multinucleoid compartments in the substrate mycelium, while ladders of septa are formed in the aerial hyphae that lead to chains of uninucleoid spores. In a previous study, we analysed the phosphoproteome ofStreptomyces coelicolorand showed that FtsZ is phosphorylated at Ser 317 and Ser389. Substituting Ser–Ser for either Glu–Glu (mimicking phosphorylation) or Ala–Ala (mimicking non-phosphorylation) hinted at changes in antibiotic production. Here we analyse development, colony morphology, spore resistance, and antibiotic production in FtsZ knockout mutants expressing FtsZ alleles mimicking Ser319 and Ser387 phosphorylation and non-phosphorylation: AA (no phosphorylation), AE, EA (mixed), and EE (double phosphorylation). The FtsZ-eGFP AE, EA and EE alleles were not able to form observable FtsZ-eGFP ladders when they were expressed in theS. coelicolorwild-type strain, whereas the AA allele could form apparently normal eGFP Z-ladders. The FtsZ mutant expressing the FtsZ EE or EA or AE alleles is able to sporulate indicating that the mutant alleles are able to form functional Z-rings leading to sporulation when the wild-type FtsZ gene is absent. The four mutants were pleiotropically affected in colony morphogenesis, antibiotic production, substrate mycelium differentiation and sporulation (sporulation timing and spore resistance) which may be an indirect result of the effect in sporulation Z-ladder formation. Each mutant showed a distinctive phenotype in antibiotic production, single colony morphology, and sporulation (sporulation timing and spore resistance) indicating that the different FtsZ phosphomimetic alleles led to different phenotypes. Taken together, our data provide evidence for a pleiotropic effect of FtsZ phosphorylation in colony morphology, antibiotic production, and sporulation.
Integrative prognostic analysis of tumor–infiltrating lymphocytes, CD8, CD20, programmed cell death-ligand 1, and tertiary lymphoid structures in patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Yazaki Shu , Shimoi Tatsunori , Yoshida Masayuki , Sumiyoshi-Okuma Hitomi , Arakaki Motoko , Saito Ayumi , Kita Shosuke , Yamamoto Kasumi , Kojima Yuki , Nishikawa Tadaaki , Tanioka Maki , Sudo Kazuki , Noguchi Emi , Murata Takeshi , Shiino Sho , Takayama Shin , Suto Akihiko , Ohe Yuichiro , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Yonemori Kan
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are independent prognostic factors in systemically untreated early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Other immune biomarkers including CD8, CD20, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are also reported to be associated with prognosis. However, whether combining other immune biomarkers with TILs would allow for further prognostic stratification is unknown.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 125 patients with early-stage TNBC not receiving perioperative chemotherapy. Stromal TILs and TLS were evaluated on hematoxylin–eosin slides. PD-L1 expression was evaluated using the SP142 assay. CD8 and CD20 were assessed by immunohistochemistry and counted by digital pathology.

Results

Immune biomarker levels were positively correlated (p < 0.001). Adding CD8 and PD-L1 to multivariable analysis including clinicopathological factors (stage and histological grade) and TILs significantly improved the prognostic model (likelihood ratio χ2 = 9.24, p = 0.01). In Cox regression analysis, high CD8 was significantly associated with better prognosis [hazard ratio (HR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48–0.98, p = 0.04], and PD-L1 positivity was significantly associated with worse prognosis (HR 4.33, 95%CI 1.57–11.99, p = 0.005). Patients with high CD8/PD–L1 (–) tumors had the most favorable prognosis [5 year invasive disease-free survival (iDFS), 100%], while patients with low CD8/PD-L1( +) tumors had the worst prognosis (5 year iDFS, 33.3%).

Conclusion

CD8 and PD-L1 levels add prognostic information beyond TILs for early-stage TNBC not receiving perioperative chemotherapy. CD8–positive T cells and PD-L1 may be useful for prognostic stratification and in designing future clinical trials of TNBC.
Being Right-With: On Human Rights Law as Unfreedom
Authors: Kalulé Petero
Published: November 2022

This paper develops the notion of being right-with, a conceptual lens that underscores what happens when individuals turn to human rights law and other legal processes and proceedings to address injustices by the state. It does this through a critical multi-directional reading of two Uganda High Court appeal cases that overturned the decision of a lower court which at first instance had convicted Dr Stella Nyanzi of the offences of cyber harassment and offensive communications. Being right-with is a regulative and coercive idea within human rights law that animates a violent irrepressible police drive. I use being right-with to assert that when individuals make rights claims under human rights law (however radical those assertions might be), they are still imbricated within a mode of liberal humanist subjecthood that is always conceptually unfree. In trying to move away from this conceptual and dialectical trap of being made right-with and unfree under liberal humanism, this paper tentatively considers Black feminist theorisations of care and freedom ‘to-come’, as well as Édouard Glissant’s notion of opacity to explore the concept of being with elsewhere as a way of articulating practices of Black life that make freedom elsewhere possible.
Educating Teenage Boys About Consent: The Law and Affirmative Consent in Boys’ Socio-Sexual Cultures and Subjectivities
Authors: Setty Emily
Published: November 2022

Educating boys about consent in schools in England is required as part of the now-statutory Relationships, Sex, and Health Education curriculum and, moreover, is considered important for addressing sexual violence, abuse, and harassment among young people. The present paper draws on qualitative data collected in three schools in southeast England to explore how boys are being taught about consent and how they relate to and interpret educational messages about consent in terms of their sociosexual subjectivities and peer sexual cultures. Data was collected during May–June 2022 through classroom observations, focus groups with boys, and discussions with teachers in a co-educational academy, a boys’ academy, and a boys’ independent school, all in southeast England. The data suggests that while typical consent education messages may rationalise or provide a ‘road map’ for consent, the boys felt uncertain and anxious about navigating the perceived, often anticipated, realities of youth sexual culture. The framing of sexual activity as only consensual, and thus legitimate, if there is a clear and direct yes, conflicted with these realities. As supposed initiators of sex, as masculine heterosexual subjects, the boys felt a responsibility for obtaining consent yet seemed to lack confidence regarding the socio-affective skills required for doing so. The paper calls for an integrated model of consent education that addresses knowledge, skills (including emotional literacy), and the normative contextual contingencies that constrain the operation of free choice.
The right coronary artery in the heart of chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger Molina)
Authors: Kuchinka Jacek , Radzimirska Małgorzata , Banaś Dariusz , Nowak Elżbieta , Szczurkowski Aleksander
Published: November 2022

The pattern of normal coronary vascularization in a mammalian heart includes the presence of both right and left coronary arteries. According to the literature data, the presence of single major coronary arteries is mainly related to cardiac abnormalities. Previously it has been reported that the right coronary artery is absent in the coronary vascularization of the heart in the chinchilla. Our research was carried out on thirty chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger Molina). The coronary vessels were filled with colored latex to render them visible. The examinations were supplemented additionally with the use of microcomputed tomography with arterial contrast. Our study demonstrates its undoubtedly presence of the right coronary artery. In all subjects the right coronary artery was present, as was the left coronary artery. Two types of right coronary artery were found. Our results indicate that the normal pattern of coronary vascularization of heart in chinchilla includes both the right and left coronary arteries. An open question remains the presence of single coronary artery is a normal pattern of cardiac arterial vascularization in chinchilla.
Oxalic acid degradation in wood-rotting fungi. Searching for a new source of oxalate oxidase
Authors: Grąz Marcin , Ruminowicz-Stefaniuk Marta , Jarosz-Wilkołazka Anna
Published: November 2022

Oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4) is an oxalate-decomposing enzyme predominantly found in plants but also described in basidiomycete fungi. In this study, we investigated 23 fungi to determine their capability of oxalic acid degradation. After analyzing their secretomes for the products of the oxalic acid-degrading enzyme activity, three groups were distinguished among the fungi studied. The first group comprised nine fungi classified as oxalate oxidase producers, as their secretome pattern revealed an increase in the hydrogen peroxide concentration, no formic acid, and a reduction in the oxalic acid content. The second group of fungi comprised eight fungi described as oxalate decarboxylase producers characterized by an increase in the formic acid level associated with a decrease in the oxalate content in their secretomes. In the secretomes of the third group of six fungi, no increase in formic acid or hydrogen peroxide contents was observed but a decline in the oxalate level was found. The intracellular activity of OXO in the mycelia of Schizophyllum commune, Trametes hirsuta, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Abortiporus biennis, Cerrena unicolor, Ceriosporopsis mediosetigera, Trametes sanguinea, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, and Laetiporus sulphureus was confirmed by a spectrophotometric assay.