bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Third-order intrinsic alignment of SDSS BOSS LOWZ galaxies
Authors: Linke Laila , Pyne Susan , Joachimi Benjamin , Georgiou Christos , Hoffmann Kai , Mandelbaum Rachel , Singh Sukhdeep
Published: October 2024

Cosmic shear is a powerful probe of cosmology, but it is affected by the intrinsic alignment (IA) of galaxy shapes with the large-scale structure. Upcoming surveys such as Euclid and Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) require an accurate understanding of IA, particularly for higher-order cosmic shear statistics that are vital for extracting the most cosmological information. In this paper, we report the first detection of third-order IA correlations using the LOWZ galaxy sample from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). We compare our measurements with predictions from the MICE cosmological simulation and an analytical model inspired by the Non-linear Linear Alignment (NLA) model and informed by second-order correlations. We also explore the dependence of the third-order correlation on the galaxies’ luminosity. We find that the amplitude AIA of the IA signal is non-zero at the 4.7σ (7.6σ) level for scales between 6 h−1 Mpc (1 h−1 Mpc) and 20 h−1 Mpc. For scales above 6 h−1 Mpc the inferred AIA agrees both with the prediction from the simulation and estimates from second-order statistics within 1σ but deviations arise at smaller scales. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of measuring third-order IA correlations and using them for constraining IA models. The agreement between second- and third-order IA constraints also opens the opportunity for a consistent joint analysis and IA self-calibration, promising tighter parameter constraints for upcoming cosmological surveys.
The GAPS programme at TNG
Authors: D’Arpa M. C. , Guilluy G. , Mantovan G. , Biassoni F. , Spinelli R. , Sicilia D. , Locci D. , Maggio A. , Lanza A. F. , Petralia A. , Di Maio C. , Benatti S. , Bonomo A. S. , Borsa F. , Cabona L. , Desidera S. , Fossati L. , Micela G. , Malavolta L. , Mancini L. , Scandariato G. , Sozzetti A. , Stangret M. , Affer L. , Amadori F. , Basilicata M. , Bignamini A. , Boschin W. , Ghedina A.
Published: October 2024

Context. Atmospheric characterisation plays a key role in the study of exoplanetary systems, giving hints about the current and past conditions of the planets. The information retrieved from the analysis of pivotal lines such as the Hα and He I triplet allow us to constrain the evolutionary path of the planets due to atmospheric photo-evaporation. After focussing for many years on ultra-hot Jupiters, atmospheric characterisation is slowly moving towards smaller and colder planets, which are harder to study due to the difficulties in extracting the planetary signal and which require more precise analysis.

Aims. We aim to characterise the atmosphere of TOI-5398 b (P ~ 10.59 days), the outer warm Saturn orbiting a young (~650 Myr) G-type star that also hosts the small inner planet TOI-5398 c (P ~ 4.77 days). Both planets are suitable for atmospheric probing due to the closeness to their host star, which results in strong photo-evaporation processes, especially the larger outer one with an estimated transmission spectroscopy metric of 288 (higher than those of several well-known hot Jupiters).

Methods. We investigated the atmosphere of planet b, analysing the data collected during a transit with HARPS-N and GIANO-B high-resolution spectrographs, employing both cross-correlation and single-line analysis to study the presence of atomic species. Incidentally, we recorded the simultaneous transit of planet c, and hence we also focussed on discerning the origin of the signal. We expect planet b to be the cause of the detected signal, since, according to existing evaporation models, it is currently expected to lose more mass than planet c.

Results. We detected the presence of Hα and He I triplets, two markers of the photo-evaporation processes predicted for the system, retrieving a height in the atmosphere of 2.33 Rp and 1.65 Rp, respectively. We confirmed these predictions by employing the models computed with the ATES software, which predict a He I absorption arising from planet b comparable with the observed one. Moreover, the ATES models suggested an He/H ratio of 1/99 to match our observations. The investigation of atomic species led to the detection of an Na I doublet via single-line analysis, while the cross-correlation did not return a detection for any of the atomic species investigated.
Improving power sharing and enhancing the stability of an isolated AC microgrid by implementing droop control and virtual impedance
Authors: Youssfi Abdelaziz , Ait El Kadi Youssef
Published: October 2024

The stability and accuracy of power sharing between DGs in isolated microgrids are key points for favouring renewable energy sources within a wider operating margin to extract the maximum available power. The conventional droop control method CDC and the improved virtual impedance droop control CDC-VI are proposed in this work to enhance the stability, improve the speed, robustness and accuracy of power distribution between two parallel DGs feeding three linear loads of different types connected to the AC bus within an isolated AC microgrid. A Matlab/Simulink simulation is carried out to validate our proposal, robustness, accuracy of power sharing between DGs and stability are well improved by the implementation of the proposed CDC and CDC-VI controllers. The main improvements brought by these controllers include improved power distribution with greater precision, enhanced stability even in the presence of disturbances, and faster response in dynamic scenarios. These improvements are crucial to ensuring efficient, reliable operation of microgrids, particularly in isolated environments where integration of renewable energies and management of critical loads are paramount for uninterrupted service continuity.
Ab Initio Study of Li2FeSO Antiperovskite for Energy Storage
Authors: Zarhri Zakaryaa
Published: October 2024

Density Functional Theory (DFT), in combination with the Wien2k software, is used to investigate the physical properties of Li3SO antiperovskite modified by atomic substitution with Fe. The objective is to understand, at the electronic and molecular levels, the electrochemical behavior of the doped material and to optimize its performance. This research was conducted using the Linearized Augmented Plane Waves (LAPW) method for analyzing the electronic structure of the (Li-Fe)3SO antiperovskite. The density of states analysis reveals an improvement in the lithium storage capacity of the doped material, as well as in the stability and charge transport capacity of the electrode. Additionally, the presence of absorbance peaks at energies close to the energy levels of the lithium battery may indicate a high lithium storage capacity in the material, making it promising for battery applications.
Ab initio study of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of MgTiO3 perovskite materials doped with N and P
Authors: Bouzaid Abdellah , Ziat Younes , Belkhanchi Hamza , Hamdani Hamid , Koufi Ayoub , Miri Mohammed , Laghlimi Charaf , Zarhri Zakaryaa
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the electronic, optical, and structural properties of MgTiO3 perovskite materials, whether pure or doped with elements such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The investigation utilizes density functional theory (DFT) with the GGA-mBJ approximation as implemented in the Wien2k code. The results show that the band gap energy of doped MgTiO3 is significantly lower than that of pure MgTiO3, which has a band gap of 2.933 eV, at oxygen sites with Y (N, and P). In particular, with N and P, the band gaps drop to 1.74 and 0.65 eV moreover, the Fermi energy (Ef) level shifts towards the valence band (VB) in a p-type semiconductor (SC). Further, we have analyzed the optical characteristics of these systems, including their dielectric function (ε1 and ε2), optical conductivity (σ), absorption coefficient (α), and refractive index (n). Furthermore, doping with N and P increases absorption in the visible spectrum, which raises the photocatalytic activity in the presence of light because the doped materials’ valence and conduction bands transition more readily, producing hydrogen. The discoveries above suggest that these materials possess a broad spectrum of applications, encompassing the creation of optoelectronic apparatus.
Metamodeling for predicting the behavior of airfoils of wind turbine blades: An integration of artificial neural networks
Authors: Haiek Mohammed , Lakhal Yassine , Ben Said Amrani Nabil , Sarsri Driss , Samagassi Souleymane
Published: October 2024

The aim of this paper is to develop a robust metamodel capable of predicting the behavior of wind turbine blade airfoil profiles, despite variations in the input parameters of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The metamodel development begins with the specification of essential geometric parameters for the simulations. Subsequently, an empirical analysis of the airfoil profiles is conducted, and the results of the corresponding simulations are presented. These data are used to train and refine the metamodel, which is based on an artificial neural network. The model fitting process is divided into three main stages: training, validation, and testing, during which we strive to minimize the error function using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. In conclusion, we validate our model by a thorough comparison of the results from the metamodel and the CFD simulations, aiming to optimize computation time.
Creation of an optical sensor based on the pCdTe – nCdS and pCdTe – nCdSe heterostructure for detecting polluted air
Authors: Otajonov Salim , Ergashev Ravshanbek , Xaydarov Zokir , Botirov Kadir , Bahromov Mansur , Axmedov Tursun , Raxmonkulov Muxammdjon
Published: October 2024

This article discusses the creation of optical sensors for detecting polluted air based on the pCdTe – nCdS and pCdTe – nCdSe heterostructures. It was established that the developed optical sensors, with an automatic control system using Arduino, operate effectively across wide ranges of the infrared (IR) spectrum. The study found that the increased responsiveness of the optical sensor ensures uniform sensitivity and a high degree of background light suppression. It was demonstrated that using the optical sensor, it is possible to determine the level of dust and smoke in both indoor environments and open land areas.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Tendon/Ligament Injuries in
Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Fukuyama Yumi , Murakami Haruka , Iemitsu Motoyuki
Published: October 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the association
between genetic polymorphisms and tendon and ligament injuries in adolescent and
adult athletes of multiple competition sports. The PubMed, Web of Science,
EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE databases were searched until July 7, 2023.
Eligible articles included genetic studies on tendon and ligament injuries and
comparisons between injured and non-injured athletes. This review included 31
articles, comprising 1,687 injury cases and 2,227 controls, from a meta-analysis
of 12 articles. We identified 144 candidate gene polymorphisms (only single
nucleotide polymorphisms were identified). The meta-analyses included vascular
endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) rs699947, collagen type I alpha 1 rs1800012,
collagen type V alpha 1 rs12722, and matrix metalloproteinase 3 rs679620. The
VEGFA rs699947 polymorphism showed a lower risk of injuries in athletes with the
C allele ([C vs. A]: OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.65–0.98,
I

2

=3.82%, p=0.03). The risk of these
injuries were not affected by other polymorphisms. In conclusion, the VEGFA
rs699947 polymorphism is associated with the risk of tendon and ligament
injuries in athletes. This study provides insights into genetic variations that
contribute to our understanding of the risk factors for such injuries in
athletes.
Silicon photonics foundry fabricated, slow-light enhanced, low power thermal phase shifter
Authors: Chen Alexander , Zhang Meng , Crowley Daniel , Gangi Nicholas , Begović Amir , Huang Z. Rena
Published: October 2024

In this research, we developed a low-power silicon photonics foundry-fabricated slow-light thermal phase shifter (SLTPS) where the slow-light (SL) effect is achieved using an integrated Bragg grating (BG) waveguide. Heating the grating induces a red shift in the transmission spectrum, leading to an increased group index ng during operation, which facilitates a further reduction in the voltage needed for a π phase shift, i.e., Vπ. Additionally, we investigated a compact Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) that incorporates the SLTPS in both arms with a phase shifter length of 50 μm. A detailed theoretical analysis was conducted to address the non-idealities of the SL-MZI due to uneven optical power splitting and unbalanced loss in the two MZI arms. Vπ and power consumption for a π phase shift (Pπ) of the SL-MZI were quantified for operation in the slow-light regime, demonstrating a Vπ of 1.1 V and a Pπ of 3.63 mW at an operational wavelength near the photonic band edge. The figure of merit Pπ×τ is commonly used to assess the performance of thermal optical switches. The SL-MZI in this work has achieved a low Pπ×τ of 5.1 mW μs with an insertion loss of 4.4 dB, indicating a trade-off with the Vπ reduction.
Interference effect of frequency selective surface on lightning attachment
Authors: Wang Shaozhen , Wang Fusheng , Huang Chenguang , Wang Chenglin , Gao Yunpeng , Dorjee Tsedan , Fan Zhiqiang , Xiong Xiu
Published: October 2024

Airborne electromagnetic functional devices represented by frequency selective surface (FSS) are receiving increasing attention due to the ever-growing complication of electromagnetic environment in air space. Previous investigations have highlighted the capability of FSS to induce the distorted electric field encompassing an airborne radome. This phenomenon interferes with lightning attachment behavior and compromises the effectiveness of anti-lightning devices. A current challenge is how to reveal the physical mechanism behind this interference. In this paper, a lightning model is established for a honeycomb sandwich composite-FSS structure and a single FSS array, respectively, to investigate the interference effect of FSS on lightning attachment. Arc behavior is verified by structural damage characteristics in relevant experiments. An equivalent circuit representing the process of an FSS array suffering a lightning strike is proposed to reveal the interference mechanism of FSS. The results indicate that the electrical connectivity of FSS has a significant impact on lightning attachment behavior. Patch FSS can induce partial discharge and exacerbate interface damage to a radome while aperture FSS eases energy accumulation, although the latter is prone to induce lightning leaders without integration with composites. The obtained results provide potential guidance for the structural and anti-lightning design of an airborne radome.
Investigation of defect states in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors by small-signal admittance analysis
Authors: Rai Narendra , Sarkar Ritam , Mahajan Ashutosh , Laha Apurba , Saha Dipankar , Ganguly Swaroop
Published: October 2024

We have performed a small-signal admittance analysis to extract trap parameters in an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor-on-Si. Whereas the admittance in the accumulation- and depletion-bias regimes is primarily due to the interface traps, the admittance near the threshold voltage and below is due to mono-energetic traps inside GaN. The density extracted for threading dislocation-related 1D traps at ≈0.22 eV below the GaN conduction band edge is similar to that previously reported by reverse-biased gate leakage analysis of the analyzed device. Our analysis suggests additional 1D traps of comparatively lower density ≈4×1014cm−3 but considerably large capture cross section ≈8×10−14cm2 in the GaN layer at ≈0.31 eV below the conduction band. The AlGaN trap density is considerably larger near the AlGaN/GaN interface than in the bulk AlGaN. The AlGaN traps mainly contribute to the voltage stretch; their admittance contribution is negligible. Gate leakage dominates the conductance at lower frequencies.
Numerical study on effects of leading-edge manufacturing defects on cavitation performance of a full-scale propeller. II. Simulation for the full-scale propeller with defects
Authors: Jin Shanqin , Peng Heather , Qiu Wei
Published: October 2024

Paper II of this two-part paper investigated the effects of leading-edge (LE) manufacturing defects on the open-water cavitation performance of a full-scale propeller based on the geometry of David Taylor Model Basin propeller by using the three-dimensional (3D) steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes solver. Various simulation parameters, including domain size, grid size, stretch ratio, first-grid spacing, y+, and turbulence model, were carefully examined for their effects on the solutions, leading to the development of the best modeling practices for the full-scale propeller with LE defects. Employing these recommended best-practice settings, simulations were conducted on the full-scale propellers with 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50 mm LE defects. Compared to the predictions from Paper I [Jin et al., “Numerical study on effects of leading-edge manufacturing defects on cavitation performance of a full-scale propeller—Paper I: Simulation for the model- and full-scale propellers without defect,” Phys. Fluids 36, 105179 (2024).], which did not account for LE defects, the results showed that the LE defects within International Standards Organization (ISO) 484 Class S tolerances narrow the cavitation buckets. As a consequence, such LE defects can result in more than 40% reduction in cavitation inception speed, which is similar to the conclusions drawn from earlier two-dimensional (2D) studies [Jin et al., “2D CFD studies on effects of leading-edge propeller manufacturing defects on cavitation performance,” in SNAME Maritime Convention (The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 2020).]. Note that Paper I [Jin et al., “Numerical study on effects of leading-edge manufacturing defects on cavitation performance of a full-scale propeller—Paper I: Simulation for the model- and full-scale propellers without defect,” Phys. Fluids 36, 105179 (2024).] presents the simulations for the model- and full-scale propellers without LE defects.
Band order reversal and valley engineering driving to dual high electron and hole mobility in strained monolayer BS
Authors: Du Gege , Li Chunhui , Shan Lei , Zhu Mengjian , Cheng Long
Published: October 2024

Strain engineering is an effective method to tune the physical properties of materials. In this work, we found that applying 5% biaxial compression to monolayer boron sulfur can simultaneously induce a band order reversal of valence bands and valley engineering of conduction bands. This change significantly enhances the room temperature intrinsic mobility, boosting it from 2 to 260 cm2 V−1 s−1 for holes and 63 to 543 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons. The high hole mobility surpasses that of bulk GaN and silicon. We further demonstrate that the valence band order reversal not only lifts the px/y state above the pz states, giving to a more dispersive highest valence band, and thus smaller electron scattering channels and hole effective mass, but also shifts the stronger σz bonding to weaker π-bonding characteristics, resulting in smaller electron–phonon coupling strength. Those combined effects results in a substantial increase in hole mobility.
Analysis of the effects of inclination and configuration of the electroosmotic field on the cooling performance of a microchannel
Authors: Jamshidi Saeed , Hadizade Amin , Poshtiri Amin Haghighi
Published: October 2024

The study investigates the effect of using electroosmotic pumps on the cooling of electrical devices in micro scales. The mutual effects of the microchannel inclination (ranging from 0° to 75°) and configuration of the electric field on the heat transfer have not been investigated. To this end, a numerical code based on the finite volume method (FVM) and Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations (SIMPLE) was developed in Fortran to model the two-dimensional flow dynamics and heat transfer. Two different arrangements were considered for the discrete heat sources and electroosmotic fields to examine their effects on fluid dynamics and heat transfer rate at Re=10. In addition, the effects of electrical parameters, which directly affect the flow dynamics, were also considered. Results indicate that decreasing the heat transfer rate at higher angles is because of the velocity mitigation, whereas an increase in the Grashof number causes a reverse effect. Altering the layout of heaters and electric field from the condition in which heat sources are facing each other (Arrangement 1) to the condition in which heat sources are not facing each other (Arrangement 2), leads to the formation of swirling flow, increased flow rate, and decreased average Nusselt number. The optimum configuration for maximum cooling performance is found in Arrangement 1 with the Grashof number of 0 and inclination angle of 0°, in which the highest average Nusselt number of 5.815 is achieved. Despite the reduction in cooling efficiency at higher angles, Arrangement 1 outperforms Arrangement 2.
Hydrodynamics of liquid–liquid parallel flow in novel microextractors: Review
Authors: Jada Naresh , Bhaumik Soubhik Kumar
Published: October 2024

Parallel flows on microfluidic platforms enable continuous liquid–liquid operations and inline separation of effluent streams, bearing immense scope in integration of miniaturized separation processes. However, these flows face major challenges including low mass transfer efficiency due to lack of transverse convection and flow instability at low flow rates, which undermine their operating range and utility. The limitations have inspired dedicated research, delving into the fundamentals of fluid flow and transport mechanism and exploring novel configurations of microextractors. The current article summarizes the hydrodynamics of parallel flows and relevant process intensification strategies in microfluidic extractors, evolving from the use of straight to curved and helical geometries, besides elucidating unique secondary flow patterns observed in-state-of-the-art designs. It includes exclusive sections addressing various aspects of parallel flows: (i) flow inception and theoretical modeling of flow fields and phase hold up, (ii) challenges concerning interfacial stability and flow intensification, (iii) curvature effects in planar curved geometries, and (iv) curvature cum torsional effects in unique multi-helical configurations. The theoretical perspective of this review presents a roadmap that can provide further insights into design modifications for developing improved integrated microextractors based on parallel flows.
Numerical study on flow field characteristics and performance of a Mach 10 internal injection kerosene-fueled oblique detonation engine
Authors: Tang Zhixuan , Liu Xiaowei , Hu Chunji , Xue Rui , Wang Jinli
Published: October 2024

Oblique detonation engines (ODE) have significant potential for hypersonic propulsion, yet there is a paucity of research investigating internal injection ODEs. In this study, a numerical simulation of the internal flow field of a Mach 10 internal injection kerosene-fueled ODE is conducted. The fuel mixing, pre-combustion, and combustor wave structure in the flow field are analyzed in a situation closer to the real flow field conditions. Further studies have demonstrated that alterations to the upper wall initiation position of nozzle can influence the separation zone, flow field stability and the engine performance. An upper wall initiation position that is too far forward will increase the separation zone area and reduce the engine thrust. Conversely, an upper wall initiation position that is too far back will lead to flow field destabilization and eventually thermal choking. Finally, the effects of increasing the equivalent ratio on the flow field structure and engine performance for a certain configuration are analyzed. The results demonstrate that when the equivalent ratio is elevated, an increase in either the bottom or top incoming flow equivalent ratio results in a transformation of the wave structure within the combustor due to the presence of the incoming boundary layer and the subsonic zone. A large-scale separation zone will form at the bottom of the combustor, resulting in a reduction in nozzle thrust. However, the wedge drag is reduced more, thereby increasing the engine's specific impulse.
Generation of a coherent longitudinal optical phonon plasmon coupled mode in an n-type InSb single crystal in the absence and/or strong suppression of the photo-Dember effect confirmed with the use of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Takeuchi Hideo , Sumioka Takahiro
Published: October 2024

We explored the feasibility of generating a coherent longitudinal optical (LO) phonon–plasmon coupled mode in an n-type InSb single crystal with the condition that the photo-Dember effect is strongly suppressed and/or eliminated. We systematically performed terahertz time-domain spectroscopic measurements of the n-type InSb single crystal and undoped InSb crystal. The terahertz electromagnetic wave originating from the photo-Dember effect was extinguished in the n-type InSb single crystal, while the clear signal from the photo-Dember effect was detected in the undoped InSb single crystal. Meanwhile we detected the clear signal of the terahertz wave from the coherent LO-phonon–plasmon coupled mode in the n-type InSb single crystal, indicating that the photo-Dember effect is not dominant in the generation of the coherent LO-phonon–plasmon coupled mode although the photo-Dember effect has been attributed to the dominant generation mechanism of the coherent LO-phonon–plasmon coupled mode so far. We explain the present phenomenon, taking account of the fact that the impulsive stimulated Raman scattering process has a possibility of generating coherent LO-phonon–plasmon coupled modes in light-absorbing solids [Nakamura et al., Phys. Rev. B 99, 180301(R) (2019)].
Triple-diffusive instabilities in Ellis fluid-saturated porous layers: Dynamics of oscillatory convection
Authors: Vinod Y. , Raghunatha K. R. , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: October 2024

Triple-diffusive convection in Ellis fluid-saturated porous layers has a wide array of real-world applications, including enhanced oil recovery, optimized geothermal energy extraction, and improved food processing and drug delivery systems. It also plays a crucial role in environmental management, particularly in controlling groundwater contamination and maintaining soil health by modeling pollutant transport and nutrient dynamics. This study explores the onset of convection in an Ellis fluid-saturated porous layer, influenced by three stratifying agents with differing diffusivities. A modified Darcy porous medium, salted from below, is subjected to horizontal throughflow driven by a prescribed pressure gradient. Through normal mode analysis, a linear stability analysis is conducted, resulting in explicit threshold conditions for the onset of convection. The findings reveal that convection begins with oscillatory motion, driven by the combined effects of the pressure gradient and solute concentration gradients. Notably, the study uncovers the emergence of disconnected, closed, heart-shaped oscillatory neutral curves, indicating the presence of three critical values of the solutal Darcy-Rayleigh number required to establish linear instability criteria and novel discovery for an Ellis fluid-saturated porous medium. Moreover, the results show that increasing the solutal Darcy-Rayleigh number and the Ellis power-law index stabilizes the system, while a higher Darcy-Ellis number leads to destabilization. The results obtained in the limiting cases are found to be consistent with those reported in previous studies.
Effects of frequency mixing on Shapiro-step formations in sliding charge-density-waves
Authors: Funami Yu , Aoyama Kazushi
Published: October 2024

A one-dimensional charge-density wave (CDW) is driven to slide by a dc electric field, carrying an electric current. In an additional ac field with frequency ωex, it is known that the sliding CDW can be synchronized to ωex, leading to the occurrence of Shapiro steps in the I–V characteristics. Motivated by a recent experiment where ac fields with two frequencies ωex and ωex′ are simultaneously applied, we theoretically investigate the effects of frequency mixing on the Shapiro-step formation. Based on the Fukuyama–Lee–Rice model, we show that in addition to the main steps induced by ωex, satellite steps characterized by ωex′ emerge. It is also found that with increasing the ac-field strength for ωex′, each step width first exhibits a damped oscillation as in the one-frequency case and then exhibits a non-monotonic behavior. The origin of these behaviors and the relevance to the associated experiment are also discussed.
A small-molecule carrier for the intracellular delivery of a membrane-impermeable protein with retained bioactivity
Authors: Ma Xiqi , Zhang Zhixiong , Barba-Bon Andrea , Han Dongxue , Qi Zichun , Ge Baosheng , He Hua , Huang Fang , Nau Werner M. , Wang Xiaojuan
Published: October 2024

Intracellular protein delivery has the potential to revolutionize cell-biological research and medicinal therapy, with broad applications in bioimaging, disease treatment, and genome editing. Herein, we demonstrate successful delivery of a functional protein, cytochrome c (CYC), by using a boron cluster anion as molecular carrier of the superchaotropic anion type (B
12
Br
11
OPr
2–
). CYC was delivered into lipid bilayer vesicles as well as living cells, with a cellular uptake ratio approaching 90%. Mechanistic studies showed that CYC was internalized into cells through a permeation pathway directly into the cytoplasm, bypassing endosomal entrapment. Upon carrier-assisted internalization, CYC retained its bioactivity, as reflected by an induced cell apoptosis rate of 25% at low dose (1 µM). This study furbishes a direct protein delivery method by a molecular carrier with high efficiency, confirming the potential of inorganic cluster ions as protein transport vehicles with an extensive range of future cell-biological or biomedical applications.
‘Like to comment on that?’
Authors: Živković Branka , Vuković-Stamatović Milica
Published: October 2024

Questions are powerful interactional devices which academic lecturers may use to facilitate learning, engage
students and add to a lecture’s interactivity. This contrastive and corpus-based study examines student-oriented questions, i.e.
those initiating a student response, in British and Montenegrin university linguistics lectures. It aims to answer research
questions regarding what forms of this question category are employed; how frequent they are, what functions they commonly
perform, and whether there are any similarities and differences in these respects between the two groups of lectures. The data
include 12 lectures in linguistics from several British academic corpora and a specially created corpus of 12 Montenegrin
linguistics lectures. We combine quantitative and qualitative approaches to arrive at results which point to certain similarities
and differences between the corpora. Some of these might be explained by the language differences between English and BCMS
(Bosnian/Croatian/Montenegrin/Serbian), while others seem to have stemmed from academic lecturing style differences. The findings
add to the literature on questions in academic lectures and, together with other contrastive studies, may contribute to revealing
the universal and culturally-specific discourse features of academic lectures across academic cultures, as well as be
pedagogically useful for lecturers, particularly novices, who are teaching linguistics in English and BCMS.
Dynamical system analysis in modified Galileon cosmology
Authors: Duchaniya L K , Mishra B , Fomin I V , Chervon S V
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we have investigated the phase space analysis in modified Galileon cosmology, where the Galileon term is considered a coupled scalar field,F(ϕ). We focus on the exponential type function ofF(ϕ)and the three well-motivated potential functionsV(ϕ). We obtain the critical points of the autonomous system, along with their stability conditions and cosmological properties. The critical points of the autonomous system describe different phases of the Universe. The scaling solution for critical points was found in our analysis to determine the matter-dark energy and radiation-dark energy-dominated eras of the Universe. In these scaling solutions, dark energy is typically introduced alongside another component, such as radiation or matter, and helps explain the transition between cosmological eras. The dark energy dominated critical points show stable behavior and indicate the late-time cosmic acceleration phase of the Universe. Further, the results are examined with the Hubble rateH(z) and the Supernovae Ia cosmological data sets.
Electrically controlled nonlocal transport in antiferromagnet/superconductor junctions with Rashba spin-orbital coupling
Authors: Cai Lu Ming , Niu Zhi Ping
Published: October 2024

We theoretically investigate nonlocal transport phenomena at an antiferromagnet/normal/superconductor/antiferromagnet junction. Both parallel and antiparallel configurations are considered, with the Néel vector aligned with the z axis in the left antiferromagnet and with the z and -z axes in the right antiferromagnet, respectively. In the parallel configuration, only equal-spin crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) is allowed, as the conventional CAR is forbidden. As the Rashba spin-orbital coupling strength increases in the normal region, the amplitude of equal-spin CAR increases while the amplitude of electron elastic cotunneling (EC) decreases, resulting in equal-spin CAR-dominant nonlocal transport. In the antiparallel configuration, a CAR-dominant nonlocal transport is observed at low Rashba spin-orbital coupling strength, with the conventional CAR process being finite. Furthermore, our results indicate that increasing the staggered sublattice potential enhances the conventional CAR in the parallel configuration, and conversely, in the antiparallel configuration at high Rashba spin-orbital coupling strength, it reduces CAR dominance in favor of EC processes. Therefore, by adjusting the Rashba spin-orbital coupling strength and staggered sublattice potential, CAR-dominant nonlocal transport can be achieved in both the parallel and antiparallel configurations.
TCP-UQ: two-color pyrometry uncertainty quantification using high speed color cameras
Authors: Retfalvi Kolos , Georgalis Georgios , Patra Abani , DesJardin Paul E
Published: October 2024

In this study, an uncertainty quantification method is developed for two-color pyrometry (TCP-UQ), using high-speed color cameras. A NIST traceable calibrated light source is used and the relative exposure is determined using spectrometer measurements and color camera response functions. The inherent digitization and noise uncertainty is estimated from a set of calibration images and characterized with probability distribution functions. These uncertainties are then propagated during TCP to two quantities of interest: the temperature and soot volume fraction measurements. TCP-UQ is applied to a polymethyl methacrylate slab burner experiment to determine the temperature and the soot volume fraction fields. Temperature measurements ranged from 2300 

K

to 2800 

K

, soot volume fractions are recorded between 0.5 and 10 ppm and are in good agreement with prior measurements reported in the literature. The newly developed TCP-UQ allows for uncertainty estimations in the temperature and the soot volume fraction measurements to be associated with variations in the pixel intensities. For the slab burner experiment, the average uncertainty in the temperature is between 120–140 K and the average uncertainty in the soot volume fraction is around 0.1 ppm. Generally, higher pixel intensities corresponded to lower uncertainty in the temperature measurement.
Investigating the impact of three levels of representation-based visual media on students’ mental models
Authors: Putri Ananda Hafizhah , Suhandi Andi , Samsudin Achmad
Published: October 2024

This study examines the effect of visual media on students’ mental models regarding battery functions and electrical resistance concepts. The study presents a novel visual media approach consisting of phenomena videos, dynamic analogies, and microscopic models. The development of the visual media followed the ADDIE model. The research subjects were 25 12th-grade students from a private senior high school in Bandung, West Java. Students’ mental models were assessed using open-ended test that examined four concepts: (1) electromotive force (EMF) in batteries; (2) electrical resistance; (3) resistors in series; and (4) resistors in parallel. The test were administered as both pre-tests and post-tests.The pre-test results revealed that the majority of students had initial mental models regarding battery functions and electrical resistance concepts. By the end of the study, most students had developed synthetic mental models. However, the majority successfully achieved scientific mental models concerning electrical resistance concepts. In other concepts, only a few students achieved scientific mental models. Overall, the visual media had a significant positive effect on students’ mental models, with corrections observed in 92% of students for EMF in batteries, 96% for electrical resistance, 80% for resistors in series, and 84% for resistors in parallel.These findings encourage physics teachers and researchers to develop innovative visual media focused on correcting students’ mental models in scientific concept learning.
Parameter optimization design of the helmet liner structure for mitigating traumatic brain injury under impact loading
Authors: Gao Feng , Yang Bin , Wu Jinguo , Li Xin , Tse Kwong Ming
Published: October 2024

Helmets play a crucial role in protecting motorcycle riders during two-wheeler accidents by reducing the risk of head injuries. This study investigated the complex interplay between the density, Poisson’s ratio, and Young’s modulus of a helmet liner and their impact on biomechanical factors contributing to traumatic brain injury during collisions. A validated finite element model of a 50th percentile detailed human head was initially used, followed by the development of a coupled helmet head model for collision simulations. The accuracy of the model was assessed by comparing the center-of-mass acceleration data of the head with the experimental results. This study analyzed the von Mises stress, skull stress, and intracranial pressure (ICP),and the results revealed patterns in stress distribution and the potential for cranial and brain injuries. Stress concentrations were observed in the cervical region before the impact, characterized by compressive stress on the impacted side and tensile stress on the opposite side, with peak stress levels found in the temporal bone base and frontal bone. After the impact, brain inertia–driven movements can further increase the risk of traumatic brain injury. The study found a positive correlation between liner density and center-of-mass acceleration of the head in the absence of bottoming out of the liner. By optimizing the liner properties, the study achieved a 4.5% reduction in head acceleration, a 10.1% decrease in skull stress, and a 19.8% reduction in ICP. These findings offer valuable insights for biomechanical research on head injuries caused by traffic accidents and for improving helmet designs to enhance protective measures.
Study of relativistic hot accretion flow around Kerr-like wormhole
Authors: Sen Gargi , Maity Debaprasad , Das Santabrata
Published: October 2024

We investigate the structure of relativistic, low-angular momentum, inviscid advective accretion flow in a stationary axisymmetric Kerr-like wormhole (WH) spacetime, characterized by the spin parameter (a
k), the dimensionless parameter (β), and the source mass (M
WH). In doing so, we self-consistently solve the set of governing equations describing the relativistic accretion flow around a Kerr-like WH in the steady state, and for the first time, we obtain all possible classes of global accretion solutions for transonic as well as subsonic flows. We study the properties of dynamical and thermodynamical flow variables and examine how the nature of the accretion solutions alters due to the change of the model parameters, namely energy (ℰ), angular momentum (λ), a
k, and β. Further, we separate the parameter space in λ-ℰ plane according to the nature of the flow solutions, and study the modification of the parameter space by varying a
k and β. Moreover, we retrace the parameter space in a
k-β plane that allows accretion solutions containing multiple critical points. Finally, we calculate the disc luminosity (L) considering free-free emissions for transonic solutions as these solutions are astrophysically relevant and discuss the implication of this model formalism in the context of astrophysical applications.
A Hamiltonian, post-Born, three-dimensional, on-the-fly ray tracing algorithm for gravitational lensing
Authors: Zhou Alan Junzhe , Li Yin , Dodelson Scott , Mandelbaum Rachel , Zhang Yucheng , Li Xiangchong , Fabbian Giulio
Published: October 2024

The analyses of the next generation cosmological surveys demand an accurate, efficient, and differentiable method for simulating the universe and its observables across cosmological volumes. We present Hamiltonian ray tracing (HRT) — the first post-Born (accounting for lens-lens coupling and without relying on the Born approximation), three-dimensional (without assuming the thin-lens approximation), and on-the-fly (applicable to any structure formation simulations) ray tracing algorithm based on the Hamiltonian formalism. HRT performs symplectic integration of the photon geodesics in a weak gravitational field, and can integrate tightly with any gravity solver, enabling co-evolution of matter particles and light rays with minimal additional computations. We implement HRT in the particle-mesh library pmwd, leveraging hardware accelerators such as GPUs and automatic differentiation capabilities based on JAX. When tested on a point-mass lens, HRT achieves sub-percent accuracy in deflection angles above the resolution limit across both weak and moderately strong lensing regimes. We also test HRT in cosmological simulations on the convergence maps and their power spectra.
Quasi-normal modes of loop quantum black holes formed from gravitational collapse
Authors: Zhang Chao , Wang Anzhong
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of a scalar field in the background of a large class of quantum black holes that can be formed from gravitational collapse of a dust fluid in the framework of effective loop quantum gravity. The loop quantum black holes (LQBHs) are characterized by three free parameters, one of which is the mass parameter, while the other two are purely due to quantum geometric effects. Among these two quantum parameters, one is completely fixed by black hole thermodynamics and its effects are negligible for macroscopic black holes, while the second parameter is completely free (in principle). In the studies of the QNMs of such LQBHs, we pay particular attention to the difference of the QNMs between LQBHs and classical ones, so that they can be observed for the current and forthcoming gravitational wave observations, whereby place the LQBH theory directly under the test of observations.
Scrutinizing black hole stability in cubic vector Galileon theories
Authors: Felice Antonio De , Kase Ryotaro , Tsujikawa Shinji
Published: October 2024

In a subclass of generalized Proca theories where a cubic vector Galileon term breaks the U(1) gauge invariance, it is known that there are static and spherically symmetric black hole (BH) solutions endowed with nonvanishing temporal and longitudinal vector components. Such hairy BHs are present for a vanishing vector-field mass (m=0) with a non-zero cubic Galileon coupling β
3. We study the linear stability of those hairy BHs by considering even-parity perturbations in the eikonal limit. In the angular direction, we show that one of the three dynamical perturbations has a nontrivial squared propagation speed c

Ω,1

2, while the other two dynamical modes are luminal.
We could detect two different unstable behaviors of perturbations in all the parameter spaces of hairy asymptotically flat BH solutions we searched for. In the first case, an angular Laplacian instability on the horizon is induced by negative c

Ω,1

2. For the second case, it is possible to avoid this horizon instability, but in such cases, the positivity of c

Ω,1

2 is violated at large distances. Hence these hairy BHs are generally prone to Laplacian instabilities along the angular direction in some regions outside the horizon. Moreover, we also encounter a pathological behavior of the radial propagation speeds c

r
possessing two different values of c

r

2 for one of the dynamical perturbations. Introducing the vector-field mass m to cubic vector Galileons, however, we show that the resulting no-hair Schwarzschild BH solution satisfies all the linear stability conditions in the small-scale limit, with luminal propagation speeds of three dynamical even-parity perturbations.
High-resolution Observations of Clustered Dynamic Extreme-Ultraviolet Bright Tadpoles Near the Footpoints of Corona Loops
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Ying D. , Chitta L. P. , Hu Huidong , Zhao Xiaowei
Published: October 2024

An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) close-up view of the Sun offers unprecedented detail of heating events in the solar corona. Enhanced temporal and spatial images obtained by the Solar Orbiter during its first science perihelion enabled us to identify clustered EUV bright tadpoles (CEBTs) occurring near the footpoints of coronal loops. Combining SDO/AIA observations, we determine the altitudes of six distinct CEBTs by stereoscopy, ranging from ∼1300 to 3300 km. We then notice a substantial presence of dark, cooler filamentary structures seemingly beneath the CEBTs, displaying periodic up-and-down motions lasting 3–5 minutes. This periodic behavior suggests an association of the majority of CEBTs with Type I spicules. Out of the ten selected CEBTs with fast downward velocity, six exhibit corrected velocities close to or exceeding 50 km s−1. These velocities notably surpass the typical speeds of Type I spicules. We explore the generation of such velocities. It indicates that due to the previous limited observations of spicules in the EUV wavelengths, they may reveal novel observational features beyond our current understanding. Gaining insights into these features contributes to a better comprehension of small-scale coronal heating dynamics.
Bas KiTE PHEB Analysis Performance using MATLAB/SIMULINK
Authors: Aiman W. A. W.M , Norbakyah J. S. , Anida N. I , Zulfadli M. , Salisa A. R.
Published: October 2024

The performance analysis of Bas KiTE Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus (PHEB) is crucial for assessing its effectiveness in power system applications to reduce fuel consumption and emission. In this study, MATLAB/SIMULINK is employed as a tool of modelling and simulation to evaluate the performance of Bas KiTE PHEB model. The research focuses on sizing of Bas KiTE PHEB and performance of Bas KiTE PHEB electric machine model, internal combustion engine model, and energy system storage model using MATLAB/SIMULINK in term power, fuel consumption and emission. Kuala Terengganu driving cycle were use as input to see the performance. Through this study, the preliminary of Bas KiTE PHEB model use MATLAB/SIMULINK can be used as reference to build the prototype of PHEB in Kuala Terengganu.