bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of acute post-thrombectomy intracranial hemorrhage expansion in anterior circulation infarcts
Authors: Bhamidipati Akshay , Mummareddy Nishit , Ahn Seoiyoung , Bendfeldt Gabriel , Lyons Alexander T , Gangavarapu Surya , Chen Jeffrey , Jo Jacob , Kamal Naveed , Roth Steven G , Froehler Michael T , Chitale Rohan V , Fusco Matthew R
Published: April 2024

Background

Post-mechanical thrombectomy (MT) intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a major source of morbidity in treated acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. ICH expansion may further contribute to morbidity. We sought to identify factors associated with ICH expansion on imaging evaluation post-MT.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing MT at a single comprehensive stroke center. Per protocol, patients underwent dual-energy head CT (DEHCT) post-MT followed by a 24-h interval non-contrast enhanced MRI. ICH expansion was defined as any increase in blood volume between the two studies if identified on the DEHCT. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify risk factors for ICH expansion.

Results

ICH was identified on DEHCT in 13% of patients ( n = 35/262), with 20% (7/35) demonstrating expansion on interval MRI. The average increase in blood volume was 11.4 ml (SD 6.9). Univariate analysis identified anticoagulant usage (57% vs 14%, p = 0.03), petechial hemorrhage inside the infarct margins or intraparenchymal hematoma on DEHCT (ECASS-II HI2/PH1/PH2) (71% vs 14%, p < 0.01), basal ganglia hemorrhage (71% vs 21%, p = 0.02), and basal ganglia infarction (86% vs 32%, p = 0.03) as factors associated with ICH expansion. Multivariate regression demonstrated that anticoagulant usage (OR 20.3, 95% C.I. 2.43–446, p < 0.05) and ECASS II scores of HI2/PH1/PH2 (OR 11.7, 95% C.I. 1.24–264, p < 0.05) were significantly predictive of ICH expansion.

Conclusion

Expansion of post-MT ICH on 24-h interval MRI relative to immediate post-thrombectomy DEHCT is significantly associated with baseline anticoagulant usage and petechial hemorrhage inside the infarct margins or presence of intraparenchymal hematoma (ECASS-II HI2/PH1/PH2).
Responding to Mass Atrocities in Southeast Europe: History and Memory of World War II and Its Aftermath in European Perspective. Introduction
Authors: Králová Kateřina , Ferhadbegović Sabina
Published: April 2024

This article introduces the complex historical and memory landscape of Southeast Europe in connection with the Second World War and its aftermath. In what ways have responses to mass atrocities in the region been shaped, how have they permeated public discourse, and to what extent have they been reflected in the entangled Balkan history? By analysing occupation, genocide, resistance, collaboration, justice, and memory, this introduction lays the ground for exploring the divergent interpretations of events that continue to influence contemporary attitudes toward reconciliation.
Six-year progression of medically treated infective aortitis
Authors: Zhang Daniel , Lee Arvind Dhas
Published: April 2024

Objective

To report a medically treated case of infective aortitis with mycotic aneurysms that went on to have many years of surveillance imaging. This has not yet been documented as current recommendations for infective aortitis strongly suggest operative intervention combined with aggressive antibiotics, with very high reported mortality for non-operative management. Thus, the natural progression of sac growth during the acute infective period and in the long-term has had an opportunity to be explored.

Methods

A 77-year-old patient presented with infective aortitis confirmed on computed tomography angiography and refused operative intervention despite being explained the associated risks and benefits. She was treated aggressively with antibiotics and monitored in the community, successfully clearing the infection.

Results

She received a total of 6 weeks of ceftriaxone intravenously and 1 year of oral ciprofloxacin. She rapidly developed mycotic aneurysmal disease both infrarenal and suprarenal which stabilised within 1 year after diagnosis and did not progress further.

Conclusions

Infective aortitis with mycotic aneurysms is usually treated surgically due to the significant risk of rupture in the acute period. This case suggests that if the acute infective period is passed, the aneurysmal disease stabilises and does not progress.
A review of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Airas Laura , Bermel Robert A. , Chitnis Tanuja , Hartung Hans-Peter , Nakahara Jin , Stuve Olaf , Williams Mitzi J. , Kieseier Bernd C. , Wiendl Heinz
Published: April 2024

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are an emerging class of therapeutics in multiple sclerosis (MS). BTK is expressed in B-cells and myeloid cells, key progenitors of which include dendritic cells, microglia and macrophages, integral effectors of MS pathogenesis, along with mast cells, establishing the relevance of BTK inhibitors to diverse autoimmune conditions. First-generation BTK inhibitors are currently utilized in the treatment of B-cell malignancies and show efficacy in B-cell modulation. B-cell depleting therapies have shown success as disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) in MS, highlighting the potential of BTK inhibitors for this indication; however, first-generation BTK inhibitors exhibit a challenging safety profile that is unsuitable for chronic use, as required for MS DMTs. A second generation of highly selective BTK inhibitors has shown efficacy in modulating MS-relevant mechanisms of pathogenesis in preclinical as well as clinical studies. Six of these BTK inhibitors are undergoing clinical development for MS, three of which are also under investigation for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Phase II trials of selected BTK inhibitors for MS showed reductions in new gadolinium-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging scans; however, the safety profile is yet to be ascertained in chronic use. Understanding of the safety profile is developing by combining safety insights from the ongoing phase II and III trials of second-generation BTK inhibitors for MS, CSU, RA and SLE. This narrative review investigates the potential of BTK inhibitors as an MS DMT, the improved selectivity of second-generation inhibitors, comparative safety insights established thus far through clinical development programmes and proposed implications in female reproductive health and in long-term administration.
Assessing the effectiveness and safety of lenvatinib and everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma: insights from the RELIEVE study’s analysis of heavily pretreated patients
Authors: Buti Sebastiano , Olivari Alessandro , Masini Cristina , Bimbatti Davide , Sartori Donata , Ermacora Paola , Cattrini Carlo , Vitale Maria Giuseppa , Rossi Ernesto , Mucciarini Claudia , Rizzo Mimma , Sisani Michele , Santoni Matteo , Roviello Giandomenico , Mollica Veronica , Conteduca Vincenza , Grillone Francesco , Cinausero Marika , Prati Giuseppe , Atzori Francesco , Stellato Marco , Massari Francesco , Bersanelli Melissa
Published: April 2024

Background:

The treatment of heavily pretreated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) represents an unmet medical need and is still challenging.

Objectives:

The primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of the lenvatinib plus everolimus combination and the secondary objective was the toxicity profile of this combination.

Design:

We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study examining mRCC patients pre-treated with one or more lines of therapy among different cancer centers in Italy.

Methods:

The study included patients who received the combination of lenvatinib plus everolimus as either a second-line treatment or beyond. We assessed progression-free survival (PFS), time to treatment failure (TTF), overall survival (OS), response rate (RR), and toxicity profile. In addition, we explored the potential relationship between treatment effectiveness and clinical and laboratory parameters.

Results:

In all, 33 patients were assessed, the median age was 60 years, 57% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 1–2 and. 63% received ⩾ 3 prior lines of therapy. 62% were ‘intermediate risk’ according to the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium and 30% were ‘poor risk’. The RR was 42% (no complete response), 18% stable disease. Median OS was 11.2 months (95% CI 6.8–19.9), median PFS was 6.7 months (95% CI 0.6–30.8), and median TTF was 6.7 months (95% CI 4.8–16.6). A shorter OS was significantly associated with lymph node metastases ( p = 0.043, 95% CI), neutrophils/ lymphocytes ratio (NLR) ⩾ 3 ( p = 0.007), hemoglobin/red cell distribution width ratio cutoff value <0.7 was significant ( p = 0.03) while a shorter PFS was associated with lung ( p = 0.048) and brain metastases ( p = 0.023). The most frequent G1 toxicity was diarrhea (24%), G2 was fatigue (30%), and hypertension and skin toxicity (6%) for G3.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest a clinically relevant effectiveness of lenvatinib plus everolimus combination with an acceptable toxicity profile for heavily pretreated patients with mRCC.
Visions for a future European way of life
Authors: Hefele Peter
Published: April 2024

In the wake of a shifting global landscape marked by a resurgence of authoritarianism, this article explores the challenges facing Western democracies. The euphoria of the post-1989 era has given way to self-doubt, with the rise of left- and right-wing populism a symptom and not a cause of the crisis. The lack of a cohesive vision for the future European society is identified as a major contributor to the current underperformance of Western democracies. Four key axes of development are outlined: societal cohesion, reinterpreting the concept of work, (re-)legitimising democratic political representation and unleashing new sources of value creation. The analysis delves into complex issues such as intergenerational justice, multi-ethnic integration and the re-evaluation of work, emphasising the need for a broader understanding of human existence. The article concludes by advocating for a renewed social vision, drawing on the historical insights of Christian Democratic thinking to navigate the challenges posed by the ongoing transformations in Western societies.
Seeking attention, provoking reactance: Radical climate activism after Covid-19
Authors: Bitschnau Marco
Published: April 2024

In Western Europe the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020 marked the close of a period of climate activism that had until then been dominated by the Fridays for Future movement, with its youth-driven protests and pleas to listen to the science. But now that its political star has faded more radical groups have taken the reins—many of which are less interested in organising mass rallies than in staging acts of civil disobedience. This article charts some of the fault lines created by this activist changing of the guard, takes a critical look at the now prevalent logic of attention at all costs and outlines how and why it may give rise to feelings of reactance. It concludes that the zeal of this new generation of activists must be curbed if the acceptance of climate protection measures is to be ensured.
Assessment of Glycemia Risk Index and Standard Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics in a Real-World Setting of Exercise in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the Type 1 Diabetes and Exercise Initiative
Authors: Morrison Dale , Vogrin Sara , Zaharieva Dessi P.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Standardized reporting of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics does not provide extra weighting for very high or very low glucose, despite their distinct clinical significance, and thus may underestimate glycemic risk in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) during exercise. Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) is a novel composite metric incorporating clinician-validated extra weighting for glycemic extremes, which may provide a novel summary index of glycemia risk around exercise.

Methods:

Adults (≥18 years) in the T1D EXercise Initiative study wore CGM and activity trackers for four weeks. For this analysis, exercise days were defined as 24 hours following ≥20 minutes of exercise, with no other exercise in the 24-hour period. Sedentary days were defined as any 24 hours with no recorded exercise within that period or the preceding 24 hours. Linear mixed-effects regression was used to evaluate exercise effects on GRI and CGM metrics within 24 hours postexercise.

Results:

In 408 adults with T1D with >70% CGM and activity data, GRI on exercise (N = 3790) versus sedentary days (N = 1865) was significantly lower (mean [SD]: 29.9 [24.0] vs 34.0 [26.1], respectively, absolute mean difference −1.70 [−2.73, −0.67], P < .001), a ~5% reduction in glycemic risk. Percent time in range (TIR; 70-180 mg/dL) increased on exercise days (absolute mean difference 2.67 [1.83, 3.50], P < .001), as did time below range (TBR; relative mean difference 1.17 [1.12, 1.22], P < .001), while time above range (TAR) decreased (relative mean difference 0.84 [0.79, 0.88], P < .001).

Conclusions:

Glycemia Risk Index improved on exercise versus sedentary days, despite increased TBR, which is weighted most heavily in the GRI calculation, due to a robust reduction in TAR.
Bioinformatic Analysis and in Vitro Experimental Verification of the Intervention Effect of Shipi-Xiaoji Recipe on the Progression of non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Liver Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jingting , Chen Hongyao , Li Kexiong , Peng Wei , Yang Renyi , Zeng Puhua
Published: April 2024

Objective

This study aimed to screen and identify central genes associated with the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), to establish prognostic and clinical prediction models based on the expression of these genes, and to evaluate the intervention of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula—SPXJF—on the development of NAFLD into HCC through network pharmacology analysis and in vitro and in vivo validation.

Methods

Datasets for analysis were retrieved from multiple public databases using bioinformatics techniques. Through network pharmacology analysis, SPXJF's active components and their related targets were assessed, while in vitro experiments validated the inhibitory effects of SPXJF on the growth and migration of HepG2 cells.

Results

The results revealed that the expression levels of the two central genes, regulator of cell cycle gene (RGCC) and atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), were closely tied to the survival prognosis of HCC patients. Furthermore, SPXJF significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells.

Conclusion

RGCC and ACKR3, as hub genes, significantly influence HCC patient survival during “NAFLD-HCC” progression. The risk scoring system and prediction model perform well. In vitro experiments showed that SPXJF could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of hepG2 cells. These findings support the discovery of molecular targets for early diagnosis and drug intervention in HCC. They also underscore TCM's potential in anti-HCC strategies and clinical application.
Improved survival outcomes with anakinra over etoposide-based therapies for the management of adults with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a retrospective multicenter research network study
Authors: Lee Benjamin J.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare life-threatening, hyperinflammatory syndrome for which etoposide-based regimens have historically been the standard of care. Recent reports have described positive outcomes with the utilization of ruxolitinib or anakinra although these studies are often limited to small samples.

Objectives:

We aimed to compare the efficacy of ruxolitinib, anakinra, and etoposide-based therapies for the management of HLH in adult patients.

Design:

We performed a population-based, multicenter, retrospective cohort study utilizing the TriNetX Networks database.

Methods:

Adult patients (⩾18 years) diagnosed with HLH who received first-line treatment with ruxolitinib, anakinra, or etoposide between 2008 and 2023 were analyzed. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) at 1 year. A 1:1 propensity-score matching analysis was utilized.

Results:

Anakinra ( p = 0.020) but not ruxolitinib ( p = 0.19) resulted in a significantly higher 1-year OS when compared with etoposide-based therapies.

Conclusions:

Anakinra is effective for the management of adult patients with HLH.
Sofia Tech: Driving innovation through engineering excellence and IT solutions in Tunisia
Authors: Ahmed Jashim Uddin
Published: April 2024

This case study examines Sofia Tech, an engineering and information technology (IT) solutions company that explores the intersection of engineering and digital IT solutions within the Tunisian landscape. The case study thoroughly examines Sofia Tech’s service portfolios, showcasing its diverse offerings that span both traditional engineering domains and cutting-edge digital IT solutions. Additionally, it sheds light on the intricacies of Sofia Tech’s business model, providing insights into the strategic approaches that have propelled the company’s growth. The study also meticulously analyzes Sofia Tech’s revenue model, unraveling the mechanisms through which the company sustains and expands its operations. Within the context of industry-related innovation initiatives, the case study highlights Sofia Tech’s role as a catalyst for technological advancement in Tunisia. It explores the company’s contributions to fostering innovation within the sector, further solidifying its position as a key player. No success story is without its hurdles, and the case study delves into the setbacks and challenges faced by Sofia Tech and the adaptive strategies employed by the company. Finally, the study offers a glimpse into the future perspectives of Sofia Tech, presenting a forward-looking analysis of how the company is poised to navigate the evolving landscape of engineering and digital IT solutions in Tunisia.
Evaluating ChatGPT's efficacy in assessing the safety of non-prescription medications and supplements in patients with kidney disease
Authors: Sheikh Mohammad S. , Barreto Erin F. , Miao Jing , Thongprayoon Charat , Gregoire James R , Dreesman Benjamin , Erickson Stephen B. , Craici Iasmina M. , Cheungpasitporn Wisit
Published: April 2024

Background

This study investigated the efficacy of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 in assessing drug safety for patients with kidney diseases, comparing their performance to Micromedex, a well-established drug information source. Despite the perception of non-prescription medications and supplements as safe, risks exist, especially for those with kidney issues. The study's goal was to evaluate ChatGPT's versions for their potential in clinical decision-making regarding kidney disease patients.

Method

The research involved analyzing 124 common non-prescription medications and supplements using ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 with queries about their safety for people with kidney disease. The AI responses were categorized as “generally safe,” “potentially harmful,” or “unknown toxicity.” Simultaneously, these medications and supplements were assessed in Micromedex using similar categories, allowing for a comparison of the concordance between the two resources.

Results

Micromedex identified 85 (68.5%) medications as generally safe, 35 (28.2%) as potentially harmful, and 4 (3.2%) of unknown toxicity. ChatGPT-3.5 identified 89 (71.8%) as generally safe, 11 (8.9%) as potentially harmful, and 24 (19.3%) of unknown toxicity. GPT-4 identified 82 (66.1%) as generally safe, 29 (23.4%) as potentially harmful, and 13 (10.5%) of unknown toxicity. The overall agreement between Micromedex and ChatGPT-3.5 was 64.5% and ChatGPT-4 demonstrated a higher agreement at 81.4%. Notably, ChatGPT-3.5's suboptimal performance was primarily influenced by a lower concordance rate among supplements, standing at 60.3%. This discrepancy could be attributed to the limited data on supplements within ChatGPT-3.5, with supplements constituting 80% of medications identified as unknown.

Conclusion

ChatGPT's capabilities in evaluating the safety of non-prescription drugs and supplements for kidney disease patients are modest compared to established drug information resources. Neither ChatGPT-3.5 nor ChatGPT-4 can be currently recommended as reliable drug information sources for this demographic. The results highlight the need for further improvements in the model's accuracy and reliability in the medical domain.
Does chronic urticaria affect quality of sleep and quality of life?
Authors: Abdel-Meguid Azza M , Awad Sara M , Noaman Mostafa , Abdel Gawad Asmaa M , Abou-Taleb Doaa A E
Published: April 2024

Background:

Urticaria affects a wide range of daily activities and social relationships. It has a severe impact on quality of life (QOL) and causes psychological problems.

Objective:

was to assess the impact of chronic urticaria (CU) on quality of sleep, the levels of depression, anxiety, QOL and their interaction with each other and their relation to disease related factors.

Patients and methods:

The study included 25 patients with CU and 25 healthy controls. Urticaria Activity Score (UAS) was used for objective evaluation of the intensity of urticaria. Patients completed a 10-cm visual analogue score (VAS) indicating the overall severity of their itching over the previous 2 weeks. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used to evaluate patients’ QOL. Patients were also assessed for anxiety and depression with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used for evaluation of sleep quality and sleep disturbances.

Results:

In our CU patients the mean of UAS7 score was 39.72 ± 2.76 and the mean of VAS score was 28 ± 1.34. The mean of DLQI score was 24.8 ± 4.37 indicating severe impact of QOL. CU patients had higher total HADS score when compared to controls; 72% of the patients had depression and 92% had anxiety. By using PSQI, CU patients had significantly longer sleep latency onset, shorter total sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency and higher PSQI scores compared to controls.

Conclusion:

CU highly affects the QOL of patients and is associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality.
Early seizures and risk of epilepsy and death after intracerebral haemorrhage: The MUCH Italy
Authors: Pezzini Alessandro , Tarantino Barbara , Zedde Marialuisa , Marcheselli Simona , Silvestrelli Giorgio , Ciccone Alfonso , DeLodovici Maria Luisa , Princiotta Cariddi Lucia , Vidale Simone , Paciaroni Maurizio , Azzini Cristiano , Padroni Marina , Gamba Massimo , Magoni Mauro , Del Sette Massimo , Tassi Rossana , De Franco Ivo Giuseppe , Cavallini Anna , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Cappellari Manuel , Giorli Elisa , Giacalone Giacomo , Lodigiani Corrado , Zenorini Mara , Valletta Francesco , Cutillo Gianni , Bonelli Guido , Abrignani Giorgia , Castellini Paola , Genovese Antonio , Latte Lilia , Trapasso Maria Claudia , Ferraro Chiara , Piancatelli Francesco , Pascarella Rosario , Grisendi Ilaria , Assenza Federica , Napoli Manuela , Moratti Claudio , Acampa Maurizio , Grassi Mario
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

It is unclear which patients with non-traumatic (spontaneous) intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) are at risk of developing acute symptomatic seizures (provoked seizures occurring within the first week after stroke onset; early seizures, ES) and whether ES predispose to the occurrence of remote symptomatic seizures (unprovoked seizures occurring more than 1 week after stroke; post-stroke epilepsy, PSE) and long-term mortality.

Patients and Methods:

In the setting of the Multicenter Study on Cerebral Haemorrhage in Italy (MUCH-Italy) we examined the risk of ES and whether they predict the occurrence of PSE and all-cause mortality in a cohort of patients with first-ever spontaneous ICH and no previous history of epilepsy, consecutively hospitalized in 12 Italian neurological centers from 2002 to 2014.

Results:

Among 2570 patients (mean age, 73.4 ± 12.5 years; males, 55.4%) 228 (8.9%) had acute ES (183 (7.1%) short seizures and 45 (1.8%) status epilepticus (SE)). Lobar location of the hematoma (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.06–2.08) was independently associated with the occurrence of ES. Of the 2,037 patients who were followed-up (median follow-up time, 68.0 months (25th–75th percentile, 77.0)), 155 (7.6%) developed PSE. ES (aHR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.42–3.85), especially when presenting as short seizures (aHR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.38–4.00) were associated to PSE occurrence. Unlike short seizures, SE was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (aHR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.005–2.26).

Discussion and Conclusion:

The long-term risk of PSE and death after an ICH vary according to ES subtype. This might have implications for the design of future clinical trials targeting post-ICH epileptic seizures.
Towards a mining metaverse
Authors: Stothard Phillip , Ryan Peter , Kurata Takeshi , Stapleton Doug
Published: April 2024

Access to persistent computer-generated virtual worlds may provide a powerful tool for conceptualising the mining cycle and managing the domains of exploration, feasibility, planning, design, construction, operations, rehabilitation, decommissioning and closure. Each domain presents a significant challenge to mine operations. Realisation of persistent virtual worlds that can be accessed by many simultaneously may be possible by leveraging Metaverse technologies to produce an ‘always on’ Mining Metaverse based on International Standards and industry collaboration. The realisation of a Mining Metaverse is a complex task because the Metaverse itself has many components and domains that must be managed effectively for it to be sustainable. This article introduces the complexity of the Metaverse components as a taxonomy and was inspired from collaborative work completed by the Standards Australia IT-031 Modelling and Simulation Committee and International Standards Organisation ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24 Committee. It is intended as a starting point for the mining industry towards understanding what the Mining Metaverse may be, and effectively embracing and managing this complex emerging technology in the future.
Demystifying Right Atrial Diastolic Collapse: A Sensitive and Specific Marker of Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: Kumar Swasthi S. , Mondal Sudipta , Gaddamedi Sravan Kumar
Published: April 2024

The echocardiographic markers that occur in sequence in cardiac tamponade are inferior vena cava plethora, right atrial diastolic collapse, exaggerated inspiratory variation in mitral and tricuspid velocities and finally right ventricular diastolic collapse. Contrary to popular belief, the degree of atrial inversion does not correlate with the presence or absence of tamponade physiology, however, the right atrial inversion time (exceeding one-third of the cardiac cycle) significantly improves the sensitivity of atrial collapse in predicting tamponade. We present here an important demonstration of fundamental physiology of respirophasic variation of right atrial collapse in cardiac tamponade.
Sexuality, social organization, and health in a women's prison
Authors: Kreager Derek A , Zhang Yiwen , Young Jacob TN , Dillavou Julia
Published: April 2024

In the United States, sexuality and sexual relationships were foundational concepts for understanding women's prisons that generally receded from carceral research as the nation's incarceration rates climbed. This study reevaluates classic themes of sexuality and women's prison informal organization using social network and health data collected in two Pennsylvania women's prison units (n = 118). Sampled women perceived a high prevalence of prison-based sexual relationships and overwhelmingly endorsed the rights of sexual minorities. Additionally, network analyses found that sexual minority women had similar friendships, social status, and self-reported health as their heterosexual peers across both units, suggesting an absence of sexual stigmatization or group segregation processes. However, older, longer-term incarcerated women were more likely than their peers to hold unfavorable views toward prison sex. This was particularly evident in a “good behavior” unit holding many older, long-term residents where overt sexual behaviors could jeopardize the unit's stability and privileges.
Fostering Alignment and the Catalytic Potential of Community-Engaged Research With US Military Veterans and Advocates
Authors: Rattray Nicholas A. , Baird Sean A. , Natividad Diana , Danson Leah , Frankel Richard M. , True Gala
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the concept of “community-engaged research” (CEnR) within the context of Veteran health care delivery and reintegration programs. A multi-sector expert panel (msExP) was formed to evaluate and make recommendations on Veteran community reintegration research and programs. The panel consisted of Veterans, care partners, clinical providers, researchers, community stakeholders, and subject matter experts. The paper examines the composition and lifecycle of the panel, highlighting the characteristics and experiences of the participants. Shifts in the panel’s purpose and engagement levels occurred in response to unanticipated disruptions, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic. The transformation of the panel emphasizes the importance of aligning individual and group needs and deepening intrapersonal relationships Findings based on observations, surveys, and interviews with panel members contribute to the field of community-engaged research by demonstrating the utility of catalytic validity that balances group and individual development. As part of a broader study on Veteran reintegration, the panel and its development over time allowed for various perspectives on Veteran experiences and reintegration within the community that shaped the overall project. Despite the challenges of developing and maintaining a panel alongside a research study, feedback from the panel members on their participation provides insight into the potential for future working alliances in community-engaged health research.
Respiratory carriage of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae by indigenous populations of Malaysia
Authors: Das Souradeep , Pandey Anish K. , Morris Denise E , Anderson Rebecca , Lim Victor , Wie Chong Chun , Yap Ivan Kok Seng , Alattraqchi Ahmed Ghazi , Simin Hafis , Abdullah Ramle , Yeo Chew Chieng , Clarke Stuart C. , Cleary David W.
Published: April 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae that is classified by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a Priority One ESKAPE pathogen. South and Southeast Asian countries are regions where both healthcare associated infections (HAI) and community acquired infections (CAI) due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKp) are of concern. As K. pneumoniae can also exist as a harmless commensal, the spread of resistance genotypes requires epidemiological vigilance. However there has been no significant study of carriage isolates from healthy individuals, particularly in Southeast Asia, and specially Malaysia. Here we describe the genomic analysis of respiratory isolates of K. pneumoniae obtained from Orang Ulu and Orang Asli communities in Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia respectively. The majority of isolates were K. pneumoniae species complex (KpSC) 1 K. pneumoniae (n = 53, 89.8%). Four Klebsiella variicola subsp. variicola (KpSC3) and two Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae (KpSC4) were also found. It was discovered that 30.2% (n = 16) of the KpSC1 isolates were ST23, 11.3% (n = 6) were of ST65, 7.5% (n = 4) were ST13, and 13.2% (n = 7) were ST86. Only eight of the KpSC1 isolates encoded ESBL, but importantly not carbapenemase. Thirteen of the KpSC1 isolates carried yersiniabactin, colibactin and aerobactin, all of which harboured the rmpADC locus and are therefore characterised as hypervirulent. Co-carriage of multiple strains was minimal. In conclusion, most isolates were KpSC1, ST23, one of the most common sequence types and previously found in cases of K. pneumoniae infection. A proportion were hypervirulent (hvKp) however antibiotic resistance was low.
Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data reveals prognostic characteristics of lysosome-dependent cell death-related genes in osteosarcoma
Authors: Wu Yueshu , Yang Jun , Xu Gang , Chen Xiaolin , Qu Xiaochen
Published: April 2024

Background

Tumor cells exhibit a heightened susceptibility to lysosomal-dependent cell death (LCD) compared to normal cells. However, the role of LCD-related genes (LCD-RGs) in Osteosarcoma (OS) remains unelucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the role of LCD-RGs and their mechanisms in OS using several existing OS related datasets, including TCGA-OS, GSE16088, GSE14359, GSE21257 and GSE162454.

Results

Analysis identified a total of 8,629 DEGs1, 2,777 DEGs2 and 21 intersection genes. Importantly, two biomarkers (ATP6V0D1 and HDAC6) linked to OS prognosis were identified to establish the prognostic model. Significant differences in risk scores for OS survival were observed between high and low-risk cohorts. Additionally, scores of dendritic cells (DC), immature DCs and γδT cells differed significantly between the two risk cohorts. Cell annotations from GSE162454 encompassed eight types (myeloid cells, osteoblastic OS cells and plasma cells). ATP6V0D1 was found to be significantly over-expressed in myeloid cells and osteoclasts, while HDAC6 was under-expressed across all cell types. Moreover, single-cell trajectory mapping revealed that myeloid cells and osteoclasts differentiated first, underscoring their pivotal role in patients with OS. Furthermore, ATP6V0D1 expression progressively decreased with time.

Conclusions

A new prognostic model for OS, associated with LCD-RGs, was developed and validated, offering a fresh perspective for exploring the association between LCD and OS.
A novel O-methyltransferase Cp4MP-OMT catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of the volatile 1,4-dimethoxybenzene in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) flowers
Authors: Hoepflinger Marion Christine , Barman Monica , Dötterl Stefan , Tenhaken Raimund
Published: April 2024

Background

Floral scents play a crucial role in attracting insect pollinators. Among the compounds attractive to pollinators is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (1,4-DMB). It is a significant contributor to the scent profile of plants from various genera, including economically important Cucurbita species. Despite its importance, the biosynthetic pathway for the formation of 1,4-DMB was not elucidated so far.

Results

In this study we showed the catalysis of 1,4-DMB in the presence of 4-methoxyphenol (4-MP) by protein extract from Styrian oil pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) flowers. Based on this finding, we identified a novel O-methyltransferase gene, Cp4MP-OMT, whose expression is highly upregulated in the volatile-producing tissue of pumpkin flowers when compared to vegetative tissues. OMT activity was verified by purified recombinant Cp4MP-OMT, illustrating its ability to catalyse the methylation of 4-MP to 1,4-DMB in the presence of cofactor SAM (S-(5′-adenosyl)-L-methionine).

Conclusions

Cp4MP-OMT is a novel O-methyltransferase from C. pepo, responsible for the final step in the biosynthesis of the floral scent compound 1,4-DMB. Considering the significance of 1,4-DMB in attracting insects for pollination and in the further course fruit formation, enhanced understanding of its biosynthetic pathways holds great promise for both ecological insights and advancements in plant breeding initiatives.
Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with leaf rust resistance in rye by precision mapping
Authors: Matuszkiewicz Mateusz , Grądzielewska Agnieszka , Święcicka Magdalena , Ozturk Alperen , Mokrzycka Monika , Igbari Aramide Dolapo , Song Jie , Kilian Andrzej , Rakoczy-Trojanowska Monika
Published: April 2024

Background

Leaf rust (LR) is among the most destructive fungal diseases of rye (Secale cereale L.). Despite intensive research using various analytical and methodological approaches, such as quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, candidate gene expression analysis, and transcriptome sequencing, the genetic basis of the rye immune response to LR remains unclear.

Results

A genome-wide association study was employed to detect QTLs controlling the immune response to LR of rye. A mapping population, G38A, was constructed by crossing two inbred lines: 723 (susceptible to LR) and JKI-NIL-Pr3 (a donor of the LR resistance gene Pr3). For genotyping, SNP-DArT and silico-DArT markers were used. Resistance phenotyping was conducted by visual assessment of the infection severity in detached leaf segments inoculated with two isolates of Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis, namely, 60/17/2.1 (isolate S) in the main experiment and 86/n/2.1_5x (isolate N) in the validation experiment, at 10 and 17 days post-infection (dpi), respectively.

In total, 42,773 SNP-DArT and 105,866 silico-DArT markers were included in the main analysis including isolate S, of which 129 and 140 SNP-DArTs and 767 and 776 silico-DArTs were significantly associated (p ≤ 0.001; − log10(p) ≥ 3.0) with the immune response to LR at 10 and 17 dpi, respectively. Most significant markers were mapped to chromosome 1R. The number of common markers from both systems and at both time points occupying common chromosomal positions was 37, of which 21 were positioned in genes, comprising 18 markers located in exons and three in introns. This gene pool included genes encoding proteins with a known function in response to LR (e.g., a NBS-LRR disease resistance protein-like protein and carboxyl-terminal peptidase).

Conclusion

This study has expanded and supplemented existing knowledge of the genetic basis of rye resistance to LR by (1) detecting two QTLs associated with the LR immune response of rye, of which one located on the long arm of chromosome 1R is newly detected, (2) assigning hundreds of markers significantly associated with the immune response to LR to genes in the ‘Lo7’ genome, and (3) predicting the potential translational effects of polymorphisms of SNP-DArT markers located within protein-coding genes.
A retrospective audit of adult and paediatric anaphylaxis management from two Australian metropolitan mixed emergency departments
Authors: Thomas A , Delic J , Hudson P , Batchelor M , Johannsen H , Grzeskowiak LE
Published: April 2024

Background

Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, with presentations to emergency departments (EDs) increasing across Australia. Understanding the features of those presenting with anaphylaxis and aspects related to its optimal clinical management across the admission, treatment and discharge settings is needed to minimise its impact. We aimed to evaluate the nature and management of presentations related to anaphylaxis across two Australian EDs.

Methods

Retrospective audit of paediatric and adult patients presenting to a community or tertiary level ED with anaphylaxis from 1 May 2018 to 30 April 2019. Data extracted from medical records included demographic characteristics, causative agents, clinical features, treatments administered across community, ambulance or ED settings, as well as post-discharge care arrangements including provision of Adrenaline Auto-Injector (AAI) and Allergy/Anaphylaxis Action Plan (AAP).

Results

A total of 369 (107 paediatric and 262 adult) ED presentations were identified. A total of 94 (36%) adult and 46 (43%) paediatric patients received pre-hospital adrenaline, with a further 91 (35%) adult and 29 (27%) paediatric patients receiving a dose of adrenaline in the ED. The most commonly administered treatment in ED were corticosteroids, given to 157 (60%) adult and 55 (51%) paediatric patients. Among those requiring an AAI for discharge, 123/210 (59%) adult and 57/91 (63%) of paediatric patients left hospital with an AAI. In contrast, among those requiring an allergy/anaphylaxis action plan (AAP) on discharge, 61/206 (30%) adult and 30/90 (33%) of paediatric patients left hospital with one. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of receiving AAI on discharge in paediatric and adult patients included receipt of any adrenaline, receipt of two or more doses of adrenaline, and longer duration of hospital stay. Adults presenting within business hours were more likely to be discharged with AAI, but no such difference was observed for paediatric patients. Similar findings were evident for provision of AAP on discharge.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate the need to improve assessment and treatment in the ED. In particular, the observed large variability in provision of AAI and AAP on discharge presents opportunities to explore strategies to improve awareness and provision of these critical components of post-discharge care.
Seromolecular study on the prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women referred to a gynecology hospital in Urmia, northwest part of Iran in 2022
Authors: Bashour Nasim , Aminpour Arash , Vazifehkhah Shabnam , Jafari Rasool
Published: April 2024

Toxoplasmosis is a frequent infection among the human population. The infection can cause devastating complications for the fetus during pregnancy. The present study aimed to determine the serological and molecular prevalence of the infection and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates among pregnant women referred to Kowsar Hospital, Urmia, Iran. In a cross-sectional study, 340 blood samples were collected from pregnant women referred to Kowsar Hospital, Urmia, Iran from May to July 2022. Anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM seropositivity were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PCR was carried out by targeting the GRA6 gene of the parasite on all patients’ buffy coats. Anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were positive in two (0.6%) women, and 101 (29.7%) women had anti-T. gondii IgG and 70.3% were seronegative. PCR was positive in two IgM-positive women, and both isolates belonged to T. gondii carrying the GRA6 allele of lineage I. The risk of infection was significantly higher in women who had constant contact with cats and soil, and who were residents of rural areas. The two IgM-positive women were asymptomatic regarding acute toxoplasmosis. According to the results of the present study, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Urmia is similar to its prevalence in other areas in northwestern Iran, and despite the low prevalence of acute infection, it should not be ignored.
Potential of niacin skin flush response in adolescent depression identification and severity assessment: a case-control study
Authors: Feng Jie , Min Wenjiao , Wang Dandan , Yuan Jing , Chen Junming , Chen Lisha , Chen Wei , Zhao Meng , Cheng Jia , Wan Chunling , Zhou Bo , Huang Yulan , Zhang Yaoyin
Published: April 2024

Background

The diagnosis of adolescent Depressive Disorder (DD) lacks specific biomarkers, posing significant challenges. This study investigates the potential of Niacin Skin Flush Response (NSFR) as a biomarker for identifying and assessing the severity of adolescent Depressive Disorder, as well as distinguishing it from Behavioral and Emotional Disorders typically emerging in childhood and adolescence(BED).

Methods

In a case-control study involving 196 adolescents, including 128 Depressive Disorder, 32 Behavioral and Emotional Disorders, and 36 healthy controls (HCs), NSFR was assessed. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and anxious symptoms with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7). Pearson correlation analysis determined the relationships between NSFR and the severity of depression in DD patients. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was used to identify DD from BED integrating NSFR data with clinical symptom measures.

Results

The adolescent Depressive Disorder group exhibited a higher rate of severe blunted NSFR (21.4%) compared to BED (12.5%) and HC ( 8.3%). Adolescent Depressive Disorder with psychotic symptoms showed a significant increase in blunted NSFR (p = 0.016). NSFR had negative correlations with depressive (r = -0.240, p = 0.006) and anxious (r = -0.2, p = 0.023) symptoms in adolescent Depressive Disorder. Integrating NSFR with three clinical scales improved the differentiation between adolescent Depressive Disorder and BED (AUC increased from 0.694 to 0.712).

Conclusion

The NSFR demonstrates potential as an objective biomarker for adolescent Depressive Disorder, aiding in screening, assessing severity, and enhancing insights into its pathophysiology and diagnostic precision.
The relationship between maternal-infant bonding and postpartum depression/anxiety: moderating effect of childhood psychological abuse and validation of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding scale (MIBS-8) in Arabic
Authors: El Hadathy Diane , Malaeb Diana , Hallit Souheil , Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Barakat Habib
Published: April 2024

Background

The emotional bond that a mother senses to her infant is essential to their social, emotional, and cognitive development. Understanding the level of mother-infant bonding plays an imperative role in the excellence of care. However, in Lebanon, there is a paucity of information about mother-infant bonding in the postpartum period. Given that Lebanese pregnant women constitute an important part of the population to look at, the objectives of the study were to (1) validate the Arabic version of the mother–infant bonding scale and (2) the relation between mother-infant bond and postpartum depression/anxiety; (3) the moderating effect of child abuse in the association between mother-infant bond and postpartum depression/anxiety.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 until June 2023, enrolling 438 women 4–6 weeks after delivery (mean age: 31.23 ± 5.24 years). To examine the factor structure of the mother-infant bond scale, we used an Exploratory-Confirmatory (EFA-CFA) strategy. To check if the model was adequate, several fit indices were calculated: the normed model chi-square (χ2/df), the Steiger-Lind root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and the comparative fit index (CFI).

Results

EFA was conducted on the first subsample. Three items were removed. The five items remaining loaded on one factor, which explained 73.03% of the common variance (ω = .91 / α = .90). After adding a correlation between residuals for items 2–7 and 5–8, fit indices of the CFA results were acceptable: χ2/df = 6.97/3 = 2.32, RMSEA = .068 (90% CI .001, .135), SRMR = .017, CFI = .996, TLI = .988. The interaction maternal-infant bonding by child psychological abuse was significantly associated with depression and anxiety respectively. At low, moderate and high levels of child psychological abuse, higher maternal-infant bonding scores (greater difficulty in bonding) were significantly associated with higher depression and higher anxiety respectively.

Conclusion

This study provides, for the first time, a specific Arabic scale to assess mother-infant bonding reliably and validly. Furthermore, our study has suggested the existence of factors that have additive effects in potentiating the risk for depression and anxiety among Lebanese postpartum women, namely a history of psychological child abuse. Therefore, laborious awareness programs and healthcare services need to be implemented in order to prevent maternal mental health disorders from being unrecognized and left untreated.