bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Providing outpatient cancer care for CALD patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Nic Giolla Easpaig Bróna , Tran Yvonne , Winata Teresa , Lamprell Klay , Fajardo Pulido Diana , Arnolda Gaston , Delaney Geoff P. , Liauw Winston , Smith Kylie , Avery Sandra , Rigg Kim , Westbrook Johanna , Olver Ian , Currow David , Girgis Afaf , Karnon Jonathan , Ward Robyn L. , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: August 2021

Objective

There have been few descriptions of how outpatient cancer care is provided to patients from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. As populations who experience disparities in cancer care access and outcomes, deeper understanding is needed to help identify those factors which can shape the receipt of multidisciplinary care in ambulatory settings. This paper reports on data collected and analysed as part of a multicentre characterisation of care in Australian public hospital cancer outpatient clinics (OPCs).

Results

Analysis of data from our ethnographic study of four OPCs identified three themes: “Identifying CALD patient language-related needs”; “Capacity and resources to meet CALD patient needs”, and “Making it work for CALD communities.” The care team comprises not only clinicians but also families and non-clinical staff; OPCs serve as “touchpoints” facilitating access to a range of therapeutic services. The findings highlight the potential challenges oncology professionals negotiate in providing care to CALD communities and the ways in which clinicians adapt their practices, formulate strategies and use available resources to support care delivery.
The use of mobile applications in higher education classes: a comparative pilot study of the students’ perceptions and real usage
Authors: Oliveira David Manuel Duarte , Pedro Luís , Santos Carlos
Published: August 2021

This paper was developed within the scope of a PhD thesis that intends to characterize the use of mobile applications by the students of the University of Aveiro during class time. The main purpose of this paper is to present the results of an initial pilot study that aimed to fine-tune data collection methods in order to gather data that reflected the practices of the use of mobile applications by students in a higher education institution during classes. In this paper we present the context of the pilot, its technological settings, the analysed cases and the discussion and conclusions carried out to gather mobile applications usage data logs from students of an undergraduate degree on Communication Technologies.

Our study gathered data from 77 participants, taking theoretical classes in the Department of Communication and Arts at the University of Aveiro. The research was based on the Grounded Theory method approach aiming to analyse the logs from the access points of the University. With the collected data, a profile of the use of mobile devices during classes was drawn.

The preliminary findings suggest that the use of apps during the theoretical classes of the Department of Communication and Art is quite high and that the most used apps are Social networks like Facebook and Instagram. During this pilot the accesses during theoretical classes corresponded to approximately 11,177 accesses per student. We also concluded that the students agree that accessing applications can distract them during these classes and that they have a misperception about their use of online applications during classes, as the usage time is, in fact, more intensive than what participants reported.
Laser-based three-dimensional manufacturing technologies for rechargeable batteries
Authors: Moldovan Dan , Choi Jaeyoo , Choo Youngwoo , Kim Won-Sik , Hwa Yoon
Published: August 2021

Laser three-dimensional (3D) manufacturing technologies have gained substantial attention to fabricate 3D structured electrochemical rechargeable batteries. Laser 3D manufacturing techniques offer excellent 3D microstructure controllability, good design flexibility, process simplicity, and high energy and cost efficiencies, which are beneficial for rechargeable battery cell manufacturing. In this review, notable progress in development of the rechargeable battery cells via laser 3D manufacturing techniques is introduced and discussed. The basic concepts and remarkable achievements of four representative laser 3D manufacturing techniques such as selective laser sintering (or melting) techniques, direct laser writing for graphene-based electrodes, laser-induced forward transfer technique and laser ablation subtractive manufacturing are highlighted. Finally, major challenges and prospects of the laser 3D manufacturing technologies for battery cell manufacturing will be provided.
Investigation and simulation of flood inundation hazard in urban areas in Iran
Authors: Khalaj Mohammad Rostami , Noor Hamzeh , Dastranj Ali
Published: August 2021

Extensive impervious area and the man-made streams are the characteristics of urban areas. In recent years, rapid urbanization has led to change of rural areas into urban areas, and urban runoff will increase as the result of spread and growth of impervious areas. Land use changes, increasing urbanization, unauthorized construction, inefficiency of sewage system and increased impervious surface in urban areas have significant impacts on inundation hazard. Therefore, to manage urban areas and prioritize regions to inundation elimination problems, the area most affected by inundation should be determined. In this study, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is used to simulate the rainfall-runoff in the study area. The simulated runoff in the SWMM model is used as input to the HEC-RAS model and determines inundation hazard zones in 5, 25 and 50 return periods. Then, six factors such as distance from the main channel, slope, land use, drainage density, the main channel slope and elevation were selected to determine inundation hazard map using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that the combined model (SWMM and HEC-RAS) was suitable to analyze urban inundation and determine inundation hazard zones on urban areas. Simulated results can be used to develop urban inundation hazard forecasts. In addition, the result of inundation hazard map indicates that 8.2% of the case study is determined as a high hazard zone.
Assessing excess mortality in times of pandemics based on principal component analysis of weekly mortality data—the case of COVID-19
Authors: Vanella Patrizio , Basellini Ugofilippo , Lange Berit
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak has called for renewed attention to the need for sound statistical analyses to monitor mortality patterns and trends over time. Excess mortality has been suggested as the most appropriate indicator to measure the overall burden of the pandemic in terms of mortality. As such, excess mortality has received considerable interest since the outbreak of COVID-19 began.

Previous approaches to estimate excess mortality are somewhat limited, as they do not include sufficiently long-term trends, correlations among different demographic and geographic groups, or autocorrelations in the mortality time series. This might lead to biased estimates of excess mortality, as random mortality fluctuations may be misinterpreted as excess mortality.

We propose a novel approach that overcomes the named limitations and draws a more realistic picture of excess mortality. Our approach is based on an established forecasting model that is used in demography, namely, the Lee-Carter model. We illustrate our approach by using the weekly age- and sex-specific mortality data for 19 countries and the current COVID-19 pandemic as a case study. Our findings show evidence of considerable excess mortality during 2020 in Europe, which affects different countries, age, and sex groups heterogeneously. Our proposed model can be applied to future pandemics as well as to monitor excess mortality from specific causes of death.
Stature estimation study based on pelvic and sacral morphometric among Malaysian population
Authors: Lai Poh Soon , Mohamad Noor Mohamad Helmee , Abdullah Nurliza
Published: August 2021

Background

Virtual anthropology in estimating stature through multislice computed tomography scanning is important for forensic cases and mass disasters. Regression formulae generated directly from other post-cranial skeleton parts can be applied for estimating stature. Literatures have revealed that scoring of pelvic shape in both sexes is significantly correlated with stature. Hereafter, this study aims to correlate the pelvic and sacral morphometric with stature based on sex and ancestry among the Malaysian population from the selected samples of 373 CT images at Kuala Lumpur Hospital. The three-dimensional pelvic girdles were first segmented from CT images through Mimics Research 17.0 software. Inter-landmark distances were measured with Microsoft 3D Builder and their respective indexes were computed.

Results

This study showed that the auricular lengths, ilium dimension and acetabulum were the most useful stature estimator at R > 0.5. The combination of pelvic parameters, sacral parameters and indexes had contributed to a higher R2 value of the regression models.

Conclusions

Pelvic morphometric was generally a better stature estimator compared to sacral morphometric. The population-specific formula produced from this study should only be realistic within the Malaysian population. This helps to enhance the existing references for stature estimation especially when incomplete human remains are discovered.
Factors influencing the detection of treatable epileptogenic lesions on MRI. A randomized prospective study
Authors: Wehner Tim , Weckesser Philippe , Schulz Steven , Kowoll Annika , Fischer Sebastian , Bosch Jessica , Weinhold Leonie , Fimmers Rolf , Schmid Matthias , Wellmer Jörg
Published: August 2021

Background

To prospectively analyze factors associated with detecting epileptogenic lesions on MRI within the work-sharing process of neurologists, epileptologists, radiologists and neuroradiologists.

Methods

We assembled four sets of six MRI scans, each set representing five typical epileptogenic lesions (hippocampal sclerosis or limbic encephalitis; focal cortical dysplasias; periventricular nodular or other heterotopias; long-term epilepsy associated tumors; gliotic scar, hemosiderin or cavernoma), and non - lesional epilepsy.

At professional conferences, we invited neurologists, epileptologists, radiologists, and neuroradiologists to read two out of four MRI sets, one of which was presented with a clinical focus hypothesis. Participants were randomly assigned to MRI sets. Effects of examiners’ specialty, duration of training and professional experience on detection rate of epileptogenic lesions were investigated.

Results

Fourty-eight neurologists, 22 epileptologists, 20 radiologists and 21 neuroradiologists read 1323 MRI scans. Overall, 613 of 1101 (55.7%) epileptogenic lesions were detected. Long-term epilepsy associated tumors (182/221, 82.4%) were found more frequently than gliotic scar, hemosiderin or cavernoma (157/220, 71.4%), hippocampal sclerosis or limbic encephalitis (141/220, 64.1%), nodular heterotopia (68/220, 30.9%) and focal cortical dysplasias (65/220, 29.5%, p < 0.001). Provision of a focus hypothesis improved the detection of hippocampal sclerosis or limbic encephalitis (86/110, 78.2% vs 55/110, 50%, p < 0.001) and focal cortical dysplasias (40/110, 36.4% vs 25/110, 22.7%, p = 0.037). Neuroradiologists and epileptologists were more likely than radiologists and neurologists to be amongst the most successful readers. In multivariable analysis, type of epileptogenic lesion, specialty of MRI reader, and provision of focus hypothesis predicted correct identification of epileptogenic lesions.

Conclusions

Epileptogenic lesions are often not recognized on MRI even by expert readers. Their detection can be improved by providing a focus hypothesis. These results stress the need for training in the MRI characteristics of epilepsy - specific pathology, and, most importantly, interdisciplinary communication between neurologists/epileptologists and (neuro)radiologists to improve detection of epileptogenic lesions.
Oblique-mode breakdown in hypersonic and high-enthalpy boundary layers over a blunt cone
Authors: Chen Xianliang , Xu Dongxiao , Fu Song
Published: August 2021

The nonlinear analyses of the hypersonic and high-enthalpy boundary-layer transition had received little attention compared with the widely-studied linear instabilities. In this work, the oblique-mode breakdown, as one of the most available transition mechanisms, is studied using the nonlinear parabolized stability equations (NPSE) with consideration of the thermal-chemical non-equilibrium effects. The flow over a blunt cone is computed at a free-stream Mach-number of 15. The rope-like structures and the spontaneous radiation of sound waves are observed in the schlieren-like picture. It is also illustrated that the disturbances of the species mass and vibrational temperature near the wall are mainly generated by the product term of the wall-normal velocity disturbance and the mean-flow gradient. In comparison to the CPG flow, the TCNE effects destabilize the second mode and push upstream the N factor envelope. The higher growth rate of the oblique wave leads to stronger growth of the streamwise vortices and harmonic waves.
Factors associated with interest in psychiatry in UK medical students: qualitative study
Authors: Crowley Grace , Banerjee Sube , Page Lisa , Daley Stephanie
Published: August 2021

Aims and method

This study aimed to explore factors that positively influence UK medical students’ interest in psychiatry. Delegates and committee members of the National Student Psychiatry Conference 2018 were invited to participate in individual semi-structured interviews. Nine interviews were conducted. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Four core themes emerged: psychiatry education and exposure, role of a psychiatrist, fitting in, and factors external to medical school. All students had some degree of interest in mental health before medical school, but placement and extra-curricular factors were strongly influential.

Implications

Interest in psychiatry may be promoted by facilitating student exposure to enthusiastic psychiatrists and psychiatry subspecialties, encouraging extra-curricular activities and identifying early those with pre-existing interest in mental health on admission to medical school. Aspects of psychiatry that should be promoted include the potential to make a positive difference to patients’ lives and the teamworking elements of the specialty.
Optimization of frequency shifts in optically detected magnetic-state-selection cesium beam atomic clocks
Authors: Xu Shaohang , Chen Sifei , Liu Chang , Li Yining , Wang Jiale , Wang Yanhui , Zhang Jun , Dong RiChang , Jiang XiaoBo
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we report a new method to suppress the AC Stark effect (light shift) in compact cesium beam atomic clocks. The clock used in experiment uses the optically detected magnetic-state-selection scheme independently proposed and developed by Peking University. This method compensates the AC Stark effect by introducing a detuned laser into the detection light. We demonstrate theoretically that the AC Stark effect can be strongly suppressed with properly chosen detuned light. In addition, we experiment this scheme and the α-coefficient (the sensitivity of the AC Stark effect to laser power fluctuation) is successfully reduced from

to

. We also test the long-term frequency stability with additional laser intensity noise. It is shown that the fractional Allan deviation at 20000 s is reduced from

to

, which reveals the suppression of the light shift with our method. These results are relevant for improving the long-term frequency stability of compact cesium beam atomic clocks.
Models of modified F(R,T) and cuscuton braneworld
Authors: Bazeia D. , Lobão A. S.
Published: August 2021

This work deals with braneworld models in the presence of scalar fields in a five-dimensional warped geometry with a single extra dimension of infinite extent. We consider generalized models in the presence of the Ricci scalar, the trace of the stress-energy tensor and the cuscuton contribution. The models describe novel braneworld scenarios and the investigations consider distinct possibilities, from which we show how the brane may change to become thinner, although keeping gravitational stability and the gravity zero mode under strict control. Moreover, we did not identify any split behavior in the warp factor in the presence of the cuscuton and the trace of the stress-energy tensor.
Caenorhabditis elegans for rare disease modeling and drug discovery: strategies and strengths
Authors: Kropp Peter A. , Bauer Rosemary , Zafra Isabella , Graham Carina , Golden Andy
Published: August 2021

Although nearly 10% of Americans suffer from a rare disease, clinical progress in individual rare diseases is severely compromised by lack of attention and research resources compared to common diseases. It is thus imperative to investigate these diseases at their most basic level to build a foundation and provide the opportunity for understanding their mechanisms and phenotypes, as well as potential treatments. One strategy for effectively and efficiently studying rare diseases is using genetically tractable organisms to model the disease and learn about the essential cellular processes affected. Beyond investigating dysfunctional cellular processes, modeling rare diseases in simple organisms presents the opportunity to screen for pharmacological or genetic factors capable of ameliorating disease phenotypes. Among the small model organisms that excel in rare disease modeling is the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. With a staggering breadth of research tools, C. elegans provides an ideal system in which to study human disease. Molecular and cellular processes can be easily elucidated, assayed and altered in ways that can be directly translated to humans. When paired with other model organisms and collaborative efforts with clinicians, the power of these C. elegans studies cannot be overstated. This Review highlights studies that have used C. elegans in diverse ways to understand rare diseases and aid in the development of treatments. With continuing and advancing technologies, the capabilities of this small round worm will continue to yield meaningful and clinically relevant information for human health.
Bioimpedância em doenças infecciosas: revisão crítica
Authors: Da Rocha Naise Oliveira , Araújo Abelardo Queiroz Campos , Silva Paula Simplicio , Torres Paloma Ribeiro , Santos Roseli Dos , Pinto Lucia Mello Coutinho , Brito Patrícia Dias , De Almeida Cristiane Fonseca , Bacelo Adriana Costa
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: verificar se o ângulo de fase, obtido por bioimpedância elétrica, pode ser utilizado como indicador prognóstico em doenças infecciosas e em quais dessas doenças seu uso está adequadamente embasado pela literatura científica. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada por meio das bases de dados, como google acadêmico, na BVS Brasil, nas bases SciELO, LILACS e Pubmed, utilizando o termo para busca (bioimpedância e doenças infectocontagiosas e bioimpedância) AND (bioimpedance and infectious diseases OR bioimpedance). A seleção dos estudos foi feita, considerando artigos originais completos disponíveis on-line, em inglês, espanhol e português, publicados entre 2007 e 2021. Resultados: todos os estudos considerados (793) foram realizados em adultos com doença infecciosa. Destes 28 (3,5%) foram separados para leitura aprofundada sobre o perfil metodológico, e apenas quatro (0,50%) do total de artigos consideraram o ângulo de fase como índice prognóstico para doenças infeciosas, ambos em pacientes HIV + hospitalizados. Conclusão: A bioimpedância vem sendo considerada como instrumento de avaliação de estado nutricional em pacientes com doenças infecciosas. Mas o uso do ângulo de fase vem sendo pouco estudado como índice prognóstico para essa população, não podendo ser considerado adequadamente embasado para uso clínico na população com doença infecciosa, o que suscita maior atenção a esta população e a necessidade de maior investigação científica.
The X Chromosome from Telomere to Telomere: Key Achievements and Future Opportunities
Authors: Heard Edith , Johnson Alexander D , Korbel Jan O , Lee Charles , Snyder Michael P , Sturgill David
Published: August 2021

While the human genome represents the most accurate vertebrate reference assembly to date, it still contains numerous gaps, including centromeric and other large repeat-containing regions – often termed the “dark side” of the genome – many of which are of fundamental biological importance. Miga et al. present the first gapless assembly of the human X chromosome, with the help of ultra-long-read nanopore reads generated for the haploid complete hydatidiform mole (CHM13) genome. They reconstruct the ~3.1 megabase centromeric satellite DNA array and map DNA methylation patterns across complex tandem repeats and satellite arrays. This Telomere-to-Telomere assembly provides a superior human X chromosome reference enabling future sex-determination and X-linked disease research, and provides a path towards finishing the entire human genome sequence.
Fenomenologia e fede nel pensiero del primo Heidegger.
Authors: Carlisi Fabio
Published: August 2021

Perché Heidegger dopo il richiamo all’esigenza metodologica di una fondazione della filosofia intesa come scienza pre-teoretica originaria, in aperta polemica tanto con la scuola di Marburgo, quanto dallo storicismo di Dilthey, si rivolge al proto-cristianesimo? Perché proprio a Paolo di Tarso? Quale legame sussiste tra l’esperienza fondamentale della fede e il compito designato di una filosofia intesa come scienza pre-teoretica originaria? La nostra ipotesi di lettura, consiste nel sostenere come proprio la radicalizzazione fenomenologica, riceva dall’analisi dell’esperienza religiosa Paolo, una possibilità di esplicitazione, che rispetto ai traguardi metodologici raggiunti nei precedenti corsi soddisfa nel merito le esigenze tematiche dell’esperienza originaria pre-teoretica.
NA TRILHA DA ALIMENTAÇÃO: PROMOVENDO A REFLEXÃO SOBRE HÁBITOS ALIMENTARES SAUDÁVEIS NA ESCOLA
Authors: Santos Filipe Pessoa dos , Ramos Paula , Giannella Tais Rabetti , Struchiner Miriam
Published: August 2021

A alimentação contemporânea é marcada pela difusão de alimentos ultraprocessados e pela alimentação fora de casa, consequências do ritmo acelerado da vida predominantemente urbanizada. É importante reconhecer o espaço escolar como privilegiado para o desenvolvimento de atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional para promoção da saúde e formação de hábitos saudáveis. Neste sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a oficina "Na trilha da alimentação" desenvolvida no contexto de um projeto de extensão em uma Escola Municipal que atende o Ensino Fundamental II. A oficina integrou três atividades, cujo objetivo foi problematizar a relação da alimentação com a saúde, detalhadas ao longo do trabalho: (1) Diário do corpo; (2) Desvendando os alimentos; (3) Aproveitamento integral dos alimentos. Participaram aproximadamente 54 alunos do ensino fundamental II.  Verificou-se que os alunos apresentaram grande interesse em conhecer melhor aquilo que consomem e os impactos gerados na saúde.
30 ANOS DA ABORDAGEM TRIANGULAR: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DOS DOCENTES DE ARTE DO MUNICÍPIO DE TERESÓPOLIS-RJ
Authors: Silva Maria Gabriela da , Carmo Ana Carolina Rigoni
Published: August 2021

Este artigo apresenta alguns aspectos da pesquisa “Ensino de Arte: Considerações sobre a prática da Abordagem Triangular no município de Teresópolis-RJ” realizada no Mestrado Profissional em Práticas de Educação Básica (MPPEB) no Colégio Pedro II, entre 2018 e 2020. O objetivo foi pesquisar a aplicabilidade da Abordagem Triangular nas salas de aulas por meio da ótica de professores de Arte efetivos da Rede Pública Municipal de Teresópolis-RJ, abarcando suas interpretações, delineando potencialidades e limitações de seu uso no chão da escola e considerando as quatro linguagens artísticas como mediadoras de seus pressupostos teórico-práticos.
ANÁLISE DOS DESEMPENHOS DE CANDIDATOS DO ENEM EM QUESTÕES DE SOCIOLOGIA
Authors: Batista Ozaias Antonio
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho analisa as sete primeiras questões de sociologia do caderno amarelo do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) de 2013. O campo empírico desta análise ficou restrito aos candidatos oriundos das escolas públicas e privadas que ingressaram na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) em 2014 via Sistema de Seleção Unificada (SiSU). Essa delimitação analítica se fez necessária em decorrência da expressiva quantidade de dados relacionados com os desempenhos no ENEM. Acompanha essa análise reflexões em torno dos erros e dificuldades de aprendizagem relacionados com os conteúdos disciplinares da sociologia no nível médio. A análise dos desempenhos dos candidatos e das questões de sociologia do ENEM fortalece a área de pesquisa referente ao ensino de sociologia, extrapolando o espaço da universidade ao contribuir com o fomento de materiais didáticos e práticas educativas que viabilizem um melhor rendimento escolar em se tratando da sociologia no nível médio. Tudo isso cooperando para permanência desta disciplina no currículo da escola média, sobretudo diante da atual Reforma do Ensino Médio que secundarizou a sociologia em sua constituição curricular.
ESPAÇO E CULTURA: RECORRIENDO LOS CAMINOS DE LO SAGRADO
Authors: Gallo César Eduardo Medina
Published: August 2021

Depoimento em comemoração aos 25 anos da Revista Espaço e Cultura.
LAÇOS INDISSOCIÁVEIS: UM BREVE DEPOIMENTO
Authors: Pacheco Junior Nelson Cortes
Published: August 2021

Depoimento em comemoração aos 25 anos da Revista Espaço e Cultura.
A PRÁTICA TROVADORESCA DE BEATRIZ DE DIA: AFIRMAÇÃO IDENTITÁRIA E A TRANSFORMAÇÃO DO CONCEITO DE AMOR CORTÊS
Authors: Mendes Ana Luiza , Bentes Roberta
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a produção trovadoresca de Beatriz de Dia (1140-1212), uma das mais famosas trovadoras que se tem notícia. O estudo de duas das quatro composições que dela nos chegaram se faz a partir da perspectiva da história das mulheres, com o intento de indagar a visão de que as mulheres medievais não tinham possibilidades de ações naquela sociedade. Desse modo, a escolha das fontes não se fez de modo ingênuo. A literatura foi por um grande período da história um campo eminentemente masculino, cabendo às mulheres um papel marginalizado. Essa característica também pode ser visualizada na Idade Média, cujo caráter misógino é bastante evidente, porém é possível identificar vozes femininas que permitem estabelecer outros vieses para pensar sobre relação com a sociedade. Nesse contexto, a produção trovadoresca é de suma importância, uma vez que gira em torno, entre outros temas, do chamado amor cortês, considerado por muitos estudiosos como um gênero literário que expressa um jogo eminentemente masculino no qual a participação da mulher em uma posição superior é apenas um recurso de ficção e retórica. No entanto, a existência de trovadoras contribui para questionar esse posicionamento, assim como a própria produção de Beatriz, uma vez que ela subverte as regras literárias ao estabelecer um diálogo entre o amor e o desejo que não permanece no mundo abstrato, sugerindo a sua efetivação. Ainda que não possamos deixar de lado o caráter ficcional que integra toda literatura, é importante ter em mente que ela não surge do nada, ou seja, ela tece sua trama a partir do que é verossímil. Assim sendo, mesmo que não possamos comprovar que o amor cantado por Beatriz foi, de fato, realizado, temos a sugestão de que isso poderia ser desejado, revelando uma aspiração feminina que extrapola concepções de comportamento homogeneizantes e redutores.
“NO ESPAÇO INTERIOR DE CADA POEMA”: O DIÁFANO E O PALPÁVEL NAS “ARTES POÉTICAS” DE SOPHIA DE MELLO BREYNER ANDRESEN
Authors: Buzzo Elisa Andrade
Published: August 2021

Este ensaio busca identificar, apresentar e discutir conteúdos e conceitos dos cinco textos “Arte poética”, da poeta portuguesa Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen. Uma sintética e pontual retrospectiva do conceito inicial de “arte poética” e a leitura de uma seleção de poemas da autora permeiam essa sondagem pelo sentido de suas “Artes poéticas”. Assim, como pré-requisito, é realizada uma breve retomada de significados do termo “arte poética”, inclusive sendo tratados alguns pontos da Arte Poética de Horácio, a chamada “Carta aos Pisões”. Ainda, nessa contextualização, fazemos uma referência à fundamental Poética, de Aristóteles, e ao poema Arte Poética, de Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux. Em seguida, são esmiuçadas sequencialmente as “Artes poéticas” de Sophia de Mello, pequenos textos nos quais, de modo geral, essa poeta tece considerações sobre seu processo de escrita e seu pensamento sobre poesia. Concomitantemente, são colocados em discussão alguns poemas da autora, em termos tanto analíticos quanto comparativos às suas “Artes poéticas”, tendo em vista os tópicos: desígnios do fazer poesia, entendimento da própria poesia, do lugar e do papel do poeta, assim como a relação que se coloca entre poesia e poeta. Será uma oportunidade para ponderar de qual forma alguns de seus poemas se relacionam com o ideário de suas “Artes poéticas”. A princípio, serão poéticas ligadas à exatidão, à objetividade frente ao real, à atitude racionalizada, à postura de economia e síntese no discurso. Entretanto, observamos que no seu pensamento sobre poesia há certezas palpáveis, como também aspectos cercados por intuição e volatilidade.
Thin-Layer Drying Characteristics of Fresh and Sun-Dried Buckwheat Hay
Authors: Jian Fuji , Patil Mehul , Jayas Digvir S. , Paliwal Jitendra
Published: August 2021

Highlights

Thin-layer drying of fresh and sun-dried buckwheat hay was studied at 30°C to 180°C and 12.5% to 60% relative humidities.

Buckwheat hay drying occurred in the falling-rate period.

Partial sun-drying of the hay could reduce drying time by 50%.

The D
eff
values of fresh flowers, leaves, and stems ranged from 1.4×10
-10
to 60×10
-10
m
2
/s.

Abstract.
Thin-layer drying characteristics of fresh and sun-dried buckwheat hay were studied at 30°C to 180°C, 12.5 to 60% relative humidities, and 0.2 m/s constant air velocity. The hay was harvested on three different times with a 10 to 12 d interval between the harvesting times. Half of the harvested hay was sun-dried on the field for 4 d (referred to as sun-dried hay). The drying behavior of flowers, leaves, and stems of the fresh and sun-dried hay was characterized. Moisture content of the fresh buckwheat flower was 0.777 to 1.633 (decimal dry basis), and fresh stems had a maximum moisture content of 5.64. Moisture content of the fresh hay decreased with the increase of growth time. Sun-drying on field could decrease more than half of the moisture content of the harvested fresh hay. Flowers, leaves, and stems needed varying drying times to reach their equilibrium moisture contents. The order of the drying time from the fastest to the slowest was flowers, leaves, then stems. Sun-dried and later harvested hay needed less drying time. The logarithmic model was the best fit for all drying processes of the flowers, leaves, and stems at different harvesting times and drying conditions. The effective moisture diffusivity of both fresh and sun-dried hay ranged from 1.4×10-10 to 60× 10-10 m2/s depending on different experimental conditions. The activation energy of the hay was from 21.08 to 33.85 kJ/mol. A power equation was the best equation to describe the drying constant of hay with their drying temperature. Keywords: Activation energy, Combination drying, Hay drying, Thin-layer drying, Water diffusivity.
Hardness prediction considering the influence of alloying elements in laser hardening based on a 3D thermal model
Authors: Wang Chen , Lin Qiyin , Sun Yaoning , Han Chenyang , Hong Jun
Published: August 2021

Taking the influence of alloying elements into consideration, a hardness prediction model based on a newly proposed parameter named actual carbon diffusion time (ACDT), which was calculated by combining temperature history with carbon diffusivity, is developed in this paper. The hardness distribution was directly derived from a 3D thermal model, which was constructed to simulate the laser surface hardening of AISI 1045, and from which the temperature history was also obtained. Using this 3D thermal model, the geometric characteristics after laser hardening (e.g., the width of the hardened layer, the depth of the phase change layer) were determined according to the martensitic transformation. The influences of the scanning speed and the laser power on the geometric characteristics were investigated, and the relations among the geometric characteristics after laser hardening were further determined. The laser hardening experiments with various parameters were conducted, and it was found that the hardness can be accurately predicted using the developed hardness prediction model (R-squared, 97.0%). The proposed parameter ACDT, as the core of the hardness prediction model in this paper, broadens the way for hardness prediction in laser hardening with the alloying effect involved.
11 fs, 1.5 PW laser with nonlinear pulse compression
Authors: Ginzburg Vladislav , Yakovlev Ivan , Kochetkov Anton , Kuzmin Alexey , Mironov Sergey , Shaikin Ilya , Shaykin Andrey , Khazanov Efim
Published: August 2021

The PEARL laser output pulse with a duration of 60-70 fs was compressed to 11 fs after passing through a 5-mm thick silica plate and reflecting from two chirping mirrors with a total dispersion of -250 fs2. The experiments were carried out for the B-integral values up to 19 without damage of the optical elements, which indicates that small-scale self-focusing was suppressed. The results obtained show the possibility of further nonlinear compression scaling to multipetawatt power in pulses with duration commensurate with the field period.
Quantum enhanced electro-optic sensor for E-field measurement
Authors: Liu Shuqi , Chen Yu , Jiang Jiatong , Wu Yuan , Guo Jinxian , Chen L. Q.
Published: August 2021

The measurement of intense E-field is a fundamental need in various research areas. An electro-optic (EO) sensor based on common path interferometer (CPI) is widely used due to its better temperature stability and controllability of optical bias. However, the small EO coefficient leads to poor sensitivity. In this paper, a quantum enhanced EO sensor is proposed by replacing the vacuum state in classical one with a squeezed-vacuum state. Theoretical analysis shows that the performance of the quantum enhanced EO sensor, including signal to noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity, can always beat the classical one due to the noise suppression caused by the squeezed-vacuum state. Experimental results demonstrate that, there is still a 1.12dB quantum enhancement compared with the classical one when the degree of the squeezed-vacuum is 1.60dB. More importantly, except the increase of the EO coefficient or the optical power, the performance of the EO sensor can also be enhanced via quantum light source. Such a quantum enhanced EO sensor could be practically applied for the measurement of intense E-field.
Dendritic normalisation improves learning in sparsely connected artificial neural networks
Authors: Bird Alex D. , Jedlicka Peter , Cuntz Hermann
Published: August 2021

Artificial neural networks, taking inspiration from biological neurons, have become an invaluable tool for machine learning applications. Recent studies have developed techniques to effectively tune the connectivity of sparsely-connected artificial neural networks, which have the potential to be more computationally efficient than their fully-connected counterparts and more closely resemble the architectures of biological systems. We here present a normalisation, based on the biophysical behaviour of neuronal dendrites receiving distributed synaptic inputs, that divides the weight of an artificial neuron’s afferent contacts by their number. We apply this dendritic normalisation to various sparsely-connected feedforward network architectures, as well as simple recurrent and self-organised networks with spatially extended units. The learning performance is significantly increased, providing an improvement over other widely-used normalisations in sparse networks. The results are two-fold, being both a practical advance in machine learning and an insight into how the structure of neuronal dendritic arbours may contribute to computation.
Discovering differential genome sequence activity with interpretable and efficient deep learning
Authors: Hammelman Jennifer , Gifford David K.
Published: August 2021

Discovering sequence features that differentially direct cells to alternate fates is key to understanding both cellular development and the consequences of disease related mutations. We introduce Expected Pattern Effect and Differential Expected Pattern Effect, two black-box methods that can interpret genome regulatory sequences for cell type-specific or condition specific patterns. We show that these methods identify relevant transcription factor motifs and spacings that are predictive of cell state-specific chromatin accessibility. Finally, we integrate these methods into framework that is readily accessible to non-experts and available for download as a binary or installed via PyPI or bioconda at https://cgs.csail.mit.edu/deepaccess-package/.
Exploiting collider bias to apply two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization methods to one-sample individual level data
Authors: Barry Ciarrah , Liu Junxi , Richmond Rebecca , Rutter Martin K. , Lawlor Deborah A. , Dudbridge Frank , Bowden Jack
Published: August 2021

Over the last decade the availability of SNP-trait associations from genome-wide association studies has led to an array of methods for performing Mendelian randomization studies using only summary statistics. A common feature of these methods, besides their intuitive simplicity, is the ability to combine data from several sources, incorporate multiple variants and account for biases due to weak instruments and pleiotropy. With the advent of large and accessible fully-genotyped cohorts such as UK Biobank, there is now increasing interest in understanding how best to apply these well developed summary data methods to individual level data, and to explore the use of more sophisticated causal methods allowing for non-linearity and effect modification.

In this paper we describe a general procedure for optimally applying any two sample summary data method using one sample data. Our procedure first performs a meta-analysis of summary data estimates that are intentionally contaminated by collider bias between the genetic instruments and unmeasured confounders, due to conditioning on the observed exposure. These estimates are then used to correct the standard observational association between an exposure and outcome. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the method’s performance against naive applications of two sample summary data MR. We apply the approach to the UK Biobank cohort to investigate the causal role of sleep disturbance on HbA1c levels, an important determinant of diabetes.

Our approach can be viewed as a generalization of Dudbridge et al. (Nat. Comm. 10: 1561), who developed a technique to adjust for index event bias when uncovering genetic predictors of disease progression based on case-only data. Our work serves to clarify that in any one sample MR analysis, it can be advantageous to estimate causal relationships by artificially inducing and then correcting for collider bias.
How did the guppy Y chromosome evolve?
Authors: Charlesworth Deborah , Bergero Roberta , Graham Chay , Gardner Jim , Keegan Karen
Published: August 2021

The sex chromosome pairs of many species do not undergo genetic recombination, unlike the autosomes. It has been proposed that the suppressed recombination results from natural selection favouring close linkage between sex-determining genes and mutations on this chromosome with advantages in one sex, but disadvantages in the other (these are called sexually antagonistic mutations). No example of such selection leading to suppressed recombination has been described, but populations of the guppy display sexually antagonistic mutations (affecting male coloration), and would be expected to evolve suppressed recombination. In extant close relatives of the guppy, the Y chromosomes have suppressed recombination, and have lost all the genes present on the X (this is called genetic degeneration). However, the guppy Y occasionally recombines with its X, despite carrying sexually antagonistic mutations. We describe evidence that a new Y evolved recently in the guppy, from an X chromosome like that in these relatives, replacing the old, degenerated Y, and explaining why the guppy pair still recombine. The male coloration factors probably arose after the new Y evolved, and have already evolved expression that is confined to males, a different way to avoid the conflict between the sexes.
Ubx-Collier signaling cascade maintains blood progenitors in the posterior lobes of the Drosophila larval lymph gland
Authors: Kanwal Aditya , Joshi Pranav Vijay , Mandal Sudip , Mandal Lolitika
Published: August 2021

Drosophila larval hematopoiesis occurs in a specialized multi-lobed organ called the lymph gland. Extensive characterization of the organ has provided mechanistic insights into events related to developmental hematopoiesis. Spanning from the thoracic to the abdominal segment of the larvae, this organ comprises a pair of primary, secondary, and tertiary lobes. Much of our understanding arises from the studies on the primary lobe, while the secondary and tertiary lobes have remained mostly unexplored. Previous studies have inferred that these lobes are composed of progenitors that differentiate during pupation; however, the mechanistic basis of this extended progenitor state remains unclear. This study shows that posterior lobe progenitors are maintained by a local signaling center defined by Ubx and Collier in the tertiary lobe. This Ubx zone in the tertiary lobe shares several markers with the niche of the primary lobe. Ubx domain regulates the homeostasis of the posterior lobe progenitors in normal development and an immune-challenged scenario. Our study establishes the lymph gland as a model to tease out how the progenitors interface with the dual niches within an organ during development and disorders.
Pandemic-associated mobility restrictions could cause increases in dengue virus transmission
Authors: Cavany Sean M. , España Guido , Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo M. , Scott Thomas W. , Perkins T Alex
Published: August 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has induced unprecedented reductions in human mobility and social contacts throughout the world. Because dengue virus (DENV) transmission is strongly driven by human mobility, behavioral changes associated with the pandemic have been hypothesized to impact dengue incidence. By discouraging human contact, COVID-19 control measures have also disrupted dengue vector control interventions, the most effective of which require entry into homes. We sought to investigate how and why dengue incidence could differ under a lockdown scenario with a proportion of the population sheltered at home.

Methodology & principal findings

We used an agent-based model with a realistic treatment of human mobility and vector control. We found that a lockdown in which 70% of the population sheltered at home and which occurred in a season when a new serotype invaded could lead to a small average increase in cumulative DENV infections of up to 10%, depending on the time of year lockdown occurred. Lockdown had a more pronounced effect on the spatial distribution of DENV infections, with higher incidence under lockdown in regions with higher mosquito abundance. Transmission was also more focused in homes following lockdown. The proportion of people infected in their own home rose from 54% under normal conditions to 66% under lockdown, and the household secondary attack rate rose from 0.109 to 0.128, a 17% increase. When we considered that lockdown measures could disrupt regular, city-wide vector control campaigns, the increase in incidence was more pronounced than with lockdown alone, especially if lockdown occurred at the optimal time for vector control.

Conclusions & significance

Our results indicate that an unintended outcome of lockdown measures may be to adversely alter the epidemiology of dengue. This observation has important implications for an improved understanding of dengue epidemiology and effective application of dengue vector control. When coordinating public health responses during a syndemic, it is important to monitor multiple infections and understand that an intervention against one disease may exacerbate another.
Systematic review of instruments for assessing culinary skills in adults: What is the quality of their psychometric properties?
Authors: Teixeira Aline Rissatto , Bicalho Daniela , Slater Betzabeth , Lima Tacio de Mendonça
Published: August 2021

Background

Culinary skills are important objects of study in the field of Public Health. Studies that propose to develop instruments for assessing such construct show lack of methodological uniformity to report validity and reliability of their instruments.

Objective

To identify studies that have developed instruments to measure culinary skills in adult population, and critically assess their psychometric properties.

Design

We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA statement. We searched literature PubMed/Medline, Scopus, LILACS, and Web of Science databases until January 2021, and consulted Google Scholar for relevant grey literature. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, conducted data extraction, and assessed the psychometric quality of the instruments. A third reviewer resolved any doubts or disagreements in all steps of the systematic review.

Results

The search identified 1148 potentially relevant studies, out of which 9 met the inclusion criteria. In addition, we included 3 studies by searching the related articles and the reference lists of these studies, totaling 12 included studies in this review. Ten studies reported the development of tools measuring culinary skills in adults and 2 studies performed cross-cultural adaptations of original instruments. We considered adequate quality of internal consistency reliability in four studies. One study received adequate rating for test-retest reliability. No studies presented adequate rating for content validity and four studies showed satisfactory results for at least one type of construct validity. One study reported criterion validity and the quality of this psychometric property was inadequate.

Conclusions

We identified many studies that surveyed culinary skills. Although the isolated measures appraised in this review show good promise in terms of quality of psychometric properties, no studies presented adequate measures for each aspect of reliability and validity. A more consistent and consensual definition of culinary skills is recommended. The flaws observed in these studies show that there is a need for ongoing research in the area of the psychometric properties of instruments assessing culinary skills.