bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: King Daniel
Published: December 2017

This chapter concludes the book by returning to some of the key issues surrounding the body and its navigation. It draw togethers three key themes: first, the importance of the anatomico-aesthetic view of the body in different areas of cultural discourse; second, the importance of the connections between the body, pain, and language; and third, the importance it has for social and emotional connections. Finally, it returns to the original frame of the book, by showing how the appreciation of the ancient world’s engagement with pain shapes our understanding of the development of Christian tradition and modern Western thinking about pain.
The Quintile Income Statistic and Distributional Analysis
Authors: Subramanian S.
Published: December 2017

This chapter discusses a seemingly very elementary indicator of welfare called the ‘quintile income statistic’ whose maximization has been advanced by Kaushik Basu as one plausible and important goal of an economy’s development. Some possible interpretations of the statistic and the uses to which it can be put in distributional analysis—with particular reference to the conceptualization and measurement of money-metric poverty and inequality—are explored. The indicator suggests aspects of both diagnosis and remedy of poverty and inequality which do not emerge from an application of conventional methods of measurement. It is concluded that seemingly simple though it is the quintile income statistic has many interesting insights to offer into issues of social measurement and economic policymaking.
The Link between Preferences, Prices, Inequality, and Poverty
Authors: Ray Ranjan
Published: December 2017

This paper documents the shift in the literature on prices from being exclusively a macro-topic featuring in the study of inflation, national income accounting, and cross-country income comparisons to one that is firmly rooted in micro-involving economic analysis of household behaviour, welfare, and the distributional implications of changes in relative prices. This paper brings together results from some of the recent studies on Indian National Sample Survey data that examine the effect of price changes on inequality and poverty. It also contains evidence on spatial prices in the context of a large heterogeneous country such as India.
US–Japanese Differences in Employment Practices
Authors: Morita Hodaka
Published: December 2017

This chapter shows that a model that captures the interconnections between firm dynamics, labour mobility, and specific human capital provides new explanations for and predictions on the US–Japanese differences in labour mobility, wage structure, and firm-sponsored training, based on cross-country differences in the importance of managerial capability. My argument is based on the idea that managerial capability increases its importance as an economy or an industry approaches the technological frontier. It also provides complementary explanations and predictions based on governmental interventions in firm dynamics, given that a guiding principle of Japanese industrial policy has been the regulation of so-called ‘excessive competition’.
On Quality Traps and Economic Development
Authors: Emerson Patrick M.
Published: December 2017

This chapter considers the interdependence among the quality levels of government institutions. Citizens of democratic societies are consumers of institutional output and the quality they demand from individual institutions is posited to be a function of the joint quality of all institutional output. Specifically, the quality of institutions is hypothesized to enter into consumers’ preferences in a supermodular fashion. An implication of this is that citizens will tend to desire institutions of the same quality; thus resource constrained democratic governments will tend to match the quality level of their complementary institutions. The Nash equilibrium concept is employed to show that multiple equilibria will result, and that a stable equilibrium exists at a low level of quality.
The Great Recession and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Ifcher John , Cabacungan Amanda
Published: December 2017

Using data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examine the impact of the Great Recession on subjective well-being (as measured by life satisfaction) and attempt to identify disparate effects by age. We find that those approaching retirement age (aged 55 to 64) experienced reduced life satisfaction after the recession, whereas younger working-aged adults did not. The disparate effects by age cannot be explained by income or unemployment trends, but may be explained by wealth effects. For example we find that the life satisfaction of those approaching retirement age, but not of younger working-age adults, is closely correlated with wealth indices (e.g. the Case–Shiller Housing Price Index and the S&P 500 Index).
Does Rising Inequality Delay Marriage?
Authors: Chari Amalavoyal V. , Maertens Annemie , Srinivasan Sinduja
Published: December 2017

Top incomes in India have been rising sharply since the 1980s. In this chapter, we show that this phenomenon may have resulted in delays to female marriage. Our analysis takes advantage of cross-sectional variation in earnings distribution across narrowly defined marriage markets. We find that female marriage rates decline in response to increases in top male incomes. We also find marked effects on women’s educational attainment (in terms of years of schooling, as well as high school and college completion rates). We examine a number of hypotheses, and conclude that the pattern of results suggests a mechanism in which increases in top male incomes prolong the duration of marital search on the part of women.
Labour and Tenancy in Retrospect
Authors: Bell Clive
Published: December 2017

The object of this chapter is to describe and analyse the workings of labour, land, and credit markets of two villages in Bihar, four decades back, when the so-called ‘green revolution’ promised much—and certainly occupied the attention of academics and practitioners alike. The region had just started to benefit from the Kosi barrage and its extensive canal system, and new, high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice requiring irrigation were being introduced on a large scale. It is against this historical background that I examine the prevailing contractual relations in the light of the theoretical advances that were made in the decades that followed.
Identity and Image
Authors: Baron Alan , Hassard John , Cheetham Fiona , Sharifi Sudi
Published: December 2017

The study turns to the literature on organizational identity and, once again, considers this in terms of two competing analytical positions. The first, the ‘critical’ view, sees inter alia organizational identity treated as a reflexive term for how organizational members themselves feel outsiders perceive their organization. The second is the ‘managerial’ school, where organizational identity is replaced with the term ‘corporate identity’ and which sees identity, as well as corporate image, discussed in line with a more outward-looking perspective based on the perceptions of external stakeholders. This section includes an analysis of Soenen and Moingeon’s five-faceted approach to organizational identity, which the authors feel gives additional depth to the understanding of this subject area. The final section of the review then draws together strands of literature across all three topics discussed—culture, identity, and image—with a view to examining the relationships between them.
Touring the Hospice
Authors: Baron Alan , Hassard John , Cheetham Fiona , Sharifi Sudi
Published: December 2017

This chapter continues the analysis of organizational culture at the host Hospice under ethnographic investigation. Having discussed the cultural make-up of the ‘old’ Hospice, and then glimpsed something of the ‘new’, the study now focuses on the latter to illuminate the nature of the organization as the authors interpreted it at the time the research was carried out. In so doing, the study once again returns to Schein’s three-level culture model and primarily his analytical level of organizational ‘artefacts’, as the focus for a ‘tour’ of the case study site. This sees staff and volunteers describe in depth how they make sense of the Hospice’s physical structure and symbolic meaning, an analysis which offers a fine-grained appreciation of the socio-material composition of the organization.
Ambiguity, Discord, and Friction
Authors: Baron Alan , Hassard John , Cheetham Fiona , Sharifi Sudi
Published: December 2017

The artefacts and activities identified and discussed during the tour of the Hospice, and indeed the basic assumptions and espoused values that underlie them (as described in previous chapters), have provided for a rich and varied account of the culture within the organization. Whilst there are elements of discord and ambiguity in the accounts given so far, the theme of patient-centred care and compassion seems largely to act as a binding mechanism to uphold a generally cohesive culture in the Hospice. In many ways this mirrors Schein’s view of culture as the ‘glue’ which binds the organization together. However, in line with Meyerson and Martin’s well-known contention that culture can only be fully described if elements of ‘ambiguity’ and ‘differentiation’ are included, as well as those ‘integrative’ forces that are agreed upon, this chapter focuses on issues of discord and friction identified during the study.
Anthropomorphism and Apophaticism
Authors: Wildman Wesley J.
Published: December 2017

To appreciate the risks and benefits of anthropomorphism, it is important (1) to appreciate the genius and limitations of human cognition, (2) to compare ultimacy models to see what difference anthropomorphic modeling techniques make, and (3) to entertain the possibility of an apophatic approach to ultimate reality that relativizes and relates ultimacy models. An apophatic approach to ultimate reality relativizes ultimacy models but also implies a disintegrating metric that serves to relate ultimacy models to one another. Degree of anthropomorphism is an important component of this disintegrating metric. Comparative analysis helps manifest internal complexity in the idea of anthropomorphism by distinguishing three relatively independent dimensions: Intentionality Attribution, Rational Practicality, and Narrative Comprehensibility. Educational efforts stabilized in cultural traditions can confer on people the desire and ability to resist one or more dimensions of the anthropomorphic default modes of cognition to some degree.
Ground-of-Being Models of Ultimate Reality
Authors: Wildman Wesley J.
Published: December 2017

Ground-of-being models regard ultimate reality as holy or sacred (unlike subordinate-deity models) and reject the idea that ultimate reality is an aware, agential being (unlike agential-being models). Ground-of-being models are radically anti-anthropomorphic, resisting the Intentionality Attribution, Narrative Comprehensibility, and Rational Practicality dimensions of anthropomorphism simultaneously. They are strongly amenable to the scientific study of religion and to apophatic metaphysical frameworks, within which ultimate reality surpasses the complete cognitive grasp of any possible creature. They offer a compelling and natural solution to the problem of religious diversity. They are and have always been relatively less popular than agential-being and subordinate-deity ultimacy models but it is not impossible to imagine a civilizational transformation after which ground-of-being models would become the dominant religious outlook. Variations, strengths, and weaknesses of the ground-of-being class of ultimacy models are discussed.
Afterword
Authors: Wildman Wesley J.
Published: December 2017

The Afterword offers a personal confessio to underline what the book argues, namely, that rational considerations alone, in isolation from the intensities of personal experience, do not take us as far as we might like in philosophical-theological inquiry. Comparative debates in philosophical theology—like aesthetic appraisal, and also like judgments of relative plausibility more generally, including the courtroom rulings of skilled judges—often trade in unspoken and even unconscious preferences. We can all too easily rationalize such preferences but rational discipline requires something other than mere rationalistic evasion: we must analyze them in order to gain control over their influence in our intellectual reasoning.
Reflection
Authors: Glennie Evelyn
Published: December 2017

The shape of music is constantly fluid because nothing resonates the same twice. Every sound and shape is born and reborn. When music is printed on the page it takes shape in my imagination with the eye leading the way.

As a performer, the environment is my instrument and percussion instruments are my tools to deliver the sound. I can provide all the musical ingredients for the environment I am immersed in. The acoustic will mould the sound meal which is thus delivered to the audience. The members of the audience will have differing perspectives on the sound and shape according to where they are situated and their emotional state at the time....
Shape, drawing and gesture
Authors: Küssner Mats B.
Published: December 2017

This chapter provides a critical overview of how people map sound features and musical excerpts onto the visual, visuo-spatial and kinaesthetic domains. Starting with a brief discussion of why cross-modal correspondences may exist in the first place, the chapter illuminates the rationale of traditional paradigms in experimental psychology before highlighting the revelatory potential of cross-modal drawing and gesture studies, both with children and adults. The influence of personal factors such as musical training as well as experimental factors pertaining to the type of stimulus, setting, instruction and task are highlighted and considerations for future experiments within the embodied cognition research programme are provided. It is concluded that studying systematically the perceived shapes of sound and music by means of drawings and gestures is an overdue step towards understanding linear and spatial aspects of human musical experience.
Reflection
Authors: Meredith Anna
Published: December 2017

Shape is both the most important aspect of my composing and the hardest thing to describe. Before I write any piece, whether a piece for orchestra or an electronic track, I draw a sketch of its contour along a timeline; so my drawers are stuffed with pages of jaggy lines, builds and cuts which help me control my pacing—one of the most important things to me in my music. One of these sketches and its associated composition can be accessed at ...
Reflection
Authors: Benjamin George
Published: December 2017

A few works in the repertoire have a formal contour so simple that it can be recalled in toto after a single hearing. Some, like Borodin’s Steppes of Central Asia, Debussy’s Sunken Cathedral or the first of Berg’s Three Orchestral Pieces, approach from the distance, reach an apogee and then recede. Others merely build inexorably from virtual silence to a cataclysm—Grieg’s ...
Reflection
Authors: Isserlis Steven
Published: December 2017

To perform a piece of music is essentially to tell a story. The task of an interpreter is that of narrator and actor; he or she must relate the tale woven by the composer, not merely portraying, but fully identifying with the characters and their fates. Music, like fiction, needs form and shape in order to be believable or moving. Needless to say, musical forms can be infinitely varied—and perhaps the word ‘story’ is confining it too closely, when so much music might as easily be perceived as a poem, a fantasy, a reverie; but whatever its nature, a composition needs the discipline of a preordained structure in order to attain the inevitability of satisfying art....
Shape in music notation
Authors: Ockelford Adam
Published: December 2017

This chapter explores how perceptual domains function in the auditory and visual modalities, and sets out a model, using ‘zygonic’ theory, showing how different forms of mapping between the two may logically occur in cognition. Such mappings enable the perceived shapes of patterns in sound to be represented as two-dimensional visual shapes. Four types of inter-domain relationship are identified: ‘regular’, ‘irregular’ (the latter being ‘indirect’ or ‘arbitrary’) and ‘synaesthetic’. ‘Regular’, ‘indirect’ and ‘arbitrary’ representations are somewhat analogous to the threefold typology of signs defined in Peircean semiotics: icon, index and symbol. The new model is tested in the context of (1) young children’s ‘picture’ scores, (2) blind children’s tactile representations of pitch, (3) Western staff notation, (4) music in braille, (5) guitar chord symbols and (6) a synaesthete’s representation of patterns in sound. The implications for musicians and for musicological and music-psychological understanding and future research are discussed.
Reflection
Authors: Baillie Max
Published: December 2017

I tend to translate the abstract stuff of imaginatively conceived sound into other media: pictures, shapes or structures. As long as these translations are also imagined, they remain in a sense abstract, but they give me a bearing, a way to spatially conceive the real-time experience of music and even the memory of it. Whether I am ...
Reflection
Authors: Bilson Malcolm
Published: December 2017

In a casual conversation in 2001 a very famous pianist asked me, ‘Why is there no dot on the upbeat to the first movement of the Beethoven Piano Sonata in F minor, Opus 2 No. 1’ (Figure R.24). I was taken aback that anyone could ask such a question, as every eighteenth-century source clearly states that all upbeats are short and light unless otherwise marked. One doesn’t put an expressive marking on notes that are akin to articles in speech (...
Reflection
Authors: Hough Stephen
Published: December 2017

Musicians are always talking about ‘shape’ in reference to phrasing, but mostly I think they merely mean that something has shape rather than being ‘shapeless’—always a derogatory term. Shape in this sense means direction, a start and a finish with something pleasing in the middle. Seldom are the visual patterns of a draughtsman or an artist relevant to a musician. Nevertheless, only today I was doing an interview and trying to describe to the journalist a CD I recently recorded of music by Scriabin and Janáček. Strange bedfellows, it would seem, despite some parallels in their Slavic origins and their eccentric visions. But what makes them so different from each other (and therefore fascinating in juxtaposition) is actually related to shape. Scriabin is all seductive curves (across the phrases and up through the exotic harmonies), whereas Janáček is angular and fragmented, motives repeated and insisted on like an army of elbows. Perfumed ...
Reflection
Authors: Amram David
Published: December 2017

Music already tells a story. Any good teacher always talks about the shape of the phrase and how that individual moment relates to the whole picture. There’s an arc to a piece of music, just like in classical theatre where there’s a beginning, a middle and an end, and within those three essential areas of any form of expression there’s a presentation of themes and variations, recapitulation, ...
The labour that dare not speak its name
Authors: Toynbee Jason
Published: December 2017

The is chapter argues that to understand the distributed nature of musical creativity we need to examine its connection to large-scale social structure and to capitalist relations of labour. These relations have a ‘downward’ causal impact on creative acts. Firstly, this is through the division of labour, which plays out in different ways across genres from classical to pop. Secondly, creative musical labour involves engagement with the concrete, material world. The distributed nature of creativity is determined not only by the drive to divide or consolidate music-making tasks but also depends on the nature of the musical materials to hand, and methods of dealing with them. Two methods are described in this chapter: translation and intensification. Each (sometimes they are combined) entails the making of relatively autonomous creative choices which are emergent from the structural and material conditions of musical labour.
Distributed cognition, ecological theory and group improvisation
Authors: Linson Adam , Clarke Eric F.
Published: December 2017

This chapter proposes a way to understand the social, distributed and ecological underpinnings of improvised musical activity. It argues that significant aspects of collaborative performance may arise from perceptual, cognitive and action-orientated factors, in relation to prior experience and the broader historical and cultural context. The chapter illustrates ways in which each improviser in a collaboration may attune to different aspects of the circumstances, with idiosyncratic perceptions of the available affordances guided by attentional processes, physical aspects of the human body and musical instrument, and associations with prior experience. The experience of each musician in a collaborative improvisation thus both overlaps with and diverges from those of other musicians in the ensemble. These divergences are as important as the common ground, and are thus essential to any plausible and comprehensive account of collaborative improvisation.
Intervention
Authors: Nicolls Sarah
Published: December 2017

Contemporary pianist Sarah Nicolls reflects on the benefits of collaborating with living composers, and the forms that such collaborations can take. The Intervention goes on to consider some of the practical problems that need to be tackled in any collaboration, and the re-negotiations of creative ownership that may be involved.
Intervention
Authors: Harry Martyn
Published: December 2017

This Intervention describes some aspects of the complex creative dynamics of creating a children’s opera, involving playwright/librettist, theatrical director, composer and actor–performers. The composer Martyn Harry provides an insider’s account of the nonlinear collaborative process by which the opera came into existence, and some of the creative tensions and negotiated solutions that were involved.
Intervention
Authors: Lim Liza
Published: December 2017

In this Intervention the composer Liza Lim reflects on the interwoven and textilic character of her music-making, and on the improvising and collaborative relationship that she sustains with her materials. The Intervention focuses specifically on knots as a way of thinking about the creative interactions between people, instruments, musical materials and processes, and temporal structures.
Intervention
Authors: Thurlow Jeremy
Published: December 2017

Jeremy Thurlow reflects on the conundrum of writing a piece (Ouija) for the violinist Peter Sheppard Skærved incorporating a significant amount of improvisation. How does a composer live up to his responsibility as a composer while leaving significant parts of the music unspecified?
Intervention
Authors: Lixenberg Loré
Published: December 2017

Mezzo soprano Loré Lixenberg looks back at the delights and dangers of collaborative projects, and of working with improvisation in contexts ranging from stand-up comedy to opera. The Intervention reflects on the particular opportunities and challenges that singers face in working with their bodies, and with their personal and dramatic identities.
Stories
Authors: Hydén Lars-Christer
Published: December 2017

Much of the research on dementia and narrative has been based on the often implicit assumption that written stories can serve as the best examples of what a narrative is. A consequence of taking the written narrative as the norm is that it becomes more likely to regard the stories people with dementia tell as expressions of a life story that can be revised and amended and thus become true. In contrast, stressing the importance of theories around conversational storytelling might help to focus on stories and storytelling as a collaborative activity, negotiating joint meaning and thus shared story worlds—and shared imagination. In this perspective, neither people living with dementia nor other persons have one life story. Instead, they might tell many different stories about their lives in different contexts and in collaboration with different persons.
Selves and Interdependent Identities
Authors: Hydén Lars-Christer
Published: December 2017

If stories are the result of joint endeavors, identity may be seen less as an individual phenomenon, but rather as something that is shared between persons. In couples in which one spouse has been diagnosed with dementia, the processes of presenting, sustaining, and negotiating a shared identity are part of a dynamic, complex, and constantly renegotiated relationship between the spouses. This shared identity is an interdependent identity. Interdependent identities are established and negotiated in many ways, but some of the most important resources and sites are probably joint storytelling and joint stories. Telling joint stories implies that the spouses must position themselves as being knowledgeable about each other and their couplehood. Dementia implies a gradual loss of common ground, and this challenges the interdependent identity. The relationship between the spouses will become increasingly asymmetric as the healthy spouse must take responsibility for their shared identity and life.
The History of the Chronometer
Authors: Betts Jonathan
Published: December 2017

A newly researched history of the marine chronometer, from its earliest origins in the 17th century through to electronic instruments manufactured in the late 20th century. The narrative is written in a style intended to be interesting and accessible to readers outside the horological profession and technical matters are explained and illustrated in the simplest possible terms. The seminal contribution by clockmaker John Harrison (1693-1776) is newly assessed and discussed and the importance of the pioneers who developed marine timekeepers before and after Harrison’s break-though is emphasised and explained. The international context within which the chronometer evolved is discussed, and the contributions of nations other than Britain and France are included. This history follows on from the great work by R.T.Gould, The Marine Chronometer, its History and Development (1923), but brings the narrative up to date, whilst also adding the results of much further research, carried out since Gould’s time.
Cerebral Abscesses and Osteomyelitis Caused by Fish Bone Impaction on FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Zhang Gui-Xiong , Jiang Ting , Mao Yong-Jiang , Yang Min , Xu Jie-Hua
Published: December 2017

A 50-year-old woman complained postprandial vomiting for 5 days and drowsiness for 3 days. Possible central nervous pathology was suspected clinically. Brain MRI suggested likely brain metastases. For this reason, FDG PET/CT was performed to search the primary malignancy. The images showed abnormal activity not only in the brain, but also in the retropharyngeal region and in the thoracic vertebral body. The lesions were eventually confirmed as infection caused by fish bone impaction that occurred 1 month earlier.
Analysis of Bone Healing with a Novel Bone Wax Substitute Compared to Bone Wax in a Porcine Bone Defect Model
Authors: Tham Tristan , Roberts Keith , Shanahan John , Burban John , Costantino Peter
Published: December 2017

Background

Bone wax is used in surgery as a hemostatic device for bone. Despite its good functional capacity as a bone hemostat, Bone wax materials often have very poor long-term interactions with bone. This study describes a novel composite of hydroxyapatite (HA) and biodegradable poly-lactic acid (PLA) with wax-like handling properties (OsteoStat). The goal was to compare qualitative and quantitative measures between OsteoStat versus Bone wax.

Methods

The porcine critical size defect model was chosen in this study. OsteoStat and Bone wax were introduced into separate critical size defects located in the femur and humerus of a single porcine specimen. After a duration of 6 weeks, the defect sites were harvested for clinical, histological, and histomorphometric analysis.

Results

Both groups had effective hemostatic action when introduced into the defects. Analysis of the histomorphometric data revealed that the amount of new bone was significantly greater at 6 weeks in the OsteoStat group (38.05%) versus the Bone wax group (11.88%), p=0.028. OsteoStat also demonstrated less soft tissue and less test material remaining in the defect sites; however, this was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

We speculate that the incomplete biodegradation of Bone wax as well as its intrinsic inflammatory properties may have retarded osseous regeneration and promoted fibrosis. In contrast, well known biodegradation pathways for PLA combined with the HA component of OsteoStat may have accounted for the positive results of OsteoStat compared to Bone wax. It is important that bone hemostat substances have biocompatible, osteoconductive, hemostatic, as well as good handling properties.
Molecular tapes in the structure of isoguaninium chloride
Authors: Budniak Urszula Anna , Dominiak Paulina Maria
Published: December 2017

Isoguanine, an analogue of guanine, is of intrinsic interest as a noncanonical nucleobase. The crystal structure of isoguaninium chloride (systematic name: 6-amino-2-oxo-1H,7H-purin-3-ium chloride), C5H6N5O+·Cl−, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structure analysis was supported by electrostatic interaction energy (E
es) calculations based on charge density reconstructed with the UBDB databank. In the structure, two kinds of molecular tapes are observed, one parallel to (010) and the other parallel to (50\overline{4}). The tapes are formed by dimers of isoguaninium cations interacting with chloride anions. E
es analysis indicates that cations in one kind of tape are oriented so as to minimize repulsive electrostatic interactions.
Electrostatic properties of the pyrimethamine–2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid cocrystal in methanol studied using transferred electron-density parameters
Authors: Faroque Muhammad Umer , Noureen Sajida , Ahmed Maqsood , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz
Published: December 2017

The crystal structure of the cocrystal salt form of the antimalarial drug pyrimethamine with 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in methanol [systematic name: 2,4-diamino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidin-1-ium 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate methanol monosolvate, C12H14ClN4+·C7H5O4−·CH3OH] has been studied using X-ray diffraction data collected at room temperature. The crystal structure was refined using the classical Independent Atom Model (IAM) and the Multipolar Atom Model by transferring electron-density parameters from the ELMAM2 database. The Cl atom was refined anharmonically. The results of both refinement methods have been compared. The intermolecular interactions have been characterized on the basis of Hirshfeld surface analysis and topological analysis using Bader's theory of Atoms in Molecules. The results show that the molecular assembly is built primarily on the basis of charge transfer between 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and pyrimethamine, which results in strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds. This fact is further validated by the calculation of the electrostatic potential based on transferred electron-density parameters.
A one-step mechanism for new twinning modes in magnesium and titanium alloys modelled by the obliquity correction of a (58°,a+ 2b) prototype stretch twin
Authors: Cayron Cyril
Published: December 2017

The \{ 11{\overline 2}2\} and \{ 11{\overline 2}6\} twinning modes were recently discovered by Ostapovetset al.[Philos. Mag.(2017),97, 1088–1101] and interpreted as \{ {10{\overline 1}2} \}–\{ {10{\overline 1}2} \} double twins formed by the simultaneous action of two twinning shears. Another interpretation is proposed here in which the two conjugate twinning modes result from a one-step mechanism based on a (58°,a+ 2b) prototype stretch twin and differ from each other only by their obliquity correction. The results are also compared with the classical theory of twinning and with the Westlake–Rosenbaum model.
A Grey-DEMATEL approach for implicating e-waste management practice
Authors: Sahu Atul Kumar , Narang Harendra Kumar , Rajput Mridul Singh
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The use of smart electronic gadgets is proportionately increased during last decades as these gadgets are crafting coziness and relief to the society by making their work easier, effective, etc. These gadgets are the need of today’s working environment for effective planning and work execution. Today, people pertaining to almost every corner of the world are addicted to smart mobile phones, and nowadays, these mobile handsets have become very essential and it is not possible to survive without using them. On the other hand, these smart mobile handsets become inefficient and obsolete over time due to which there is a need to replace the old phones by the new ones, thus creating e-waste. The purpose of this paper is to recognize the significant enablers which are responsible for replacing the existing working mobile phones with the new ones by the end consumers.

Design/methodology/approach

The Grey-DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) approach is proposed by the authors to compute the decision results. The present work is supported by the structural modeling equations for supporting sustainability throughout and recognizes the most significant enablers responsible for creating e-waste by replacing the working mobile phones with the new ones.

Findings

The implication for reducing e-waste using a qualitative approach is presented by easy computation steps for collaborating green issues in the present work. The authors explained numerous enablers, which are responsible for handsets replacement by the consumers. The work can aid the companies as well as the government legislations to identify the significant enablers, drivers, factors, attributes, etc., in moving toward green environmental issue; the generation of e-waste by the obsolete existing working handsets due to non-identification of deficient enablers can be insignificant to the society.

Research limitations/implications

The implication of developed Grey-DEMATEL techniques is presented by its integration with the application field of e-waste generation by mobile handsets. The authors attempt to devise a conceptual framework linked with knowledge-based theory. The work is illustrated by the case research to understand its applicability and validity in the present scenario.

Originality/value

The authors attempt to propose a decision model, which will aid in identifying the most significant factorial condition responsible for replacing the existing mobile phones with the new ones by the end consumers. The proposed appraisement module can be used as an investigative tool to build and fabricate a planned environmental progress map for overall business considering environmental domain by the companies.
Measuring electronic service quality in India using E-S-QUAL
Authors: Ghosh Manimay
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the applicability of electronic service quality instrument, E-S-QUAL, in e-commerce industry in India. Additionally, the efficacy of the instrument is also examined for two sub-groups of users based on frequency of usage.

Design/methodology/approach

Field research was conducted with a modified version of the instrument. The data collected were analyzed using multivariate techniques.

Findings

The study confirms the validity of the four dimensions (efficiency, fulfillment, system availability, and privacy) of E-S-QUAL instrument. All four dimensions were found to be significant predictors of perceived value. Efficiency and fulfillment were significant predictors of overall perceived quality. Perceived value had a positive and significant relationship with loyalty. The two relationships were further examined for two sub-groups of web users based on the frequency of usage. For heavy users of websites, all four dimensions were significant predictors of perceived value. For predicting perceived value in respect of light users of website, efficiency, fulfillment, and privacy were important determinants. The relationships among latent constructs were checked using structural equation modeling and the model was found to be acceptable. The result showed that electronic service quality affected perceived value, which, in turn, affected loyalty toward a website.

Originality/value

This paper makes an attempt to replicate the four dimensions structure of E-S-QUAL instrument on online shopping sites in India thus enhancing its external generalizability. Additionally, the paper investigates the association of the four aforesaid dimensions with perceived value and overall perceived quality for two sub-groups of users: frequent and non-frequent. The cornerstone of this particular study is to examine the frequency of usage as deterministic parameter for perceived value and overall perceived quality.
Fluid flow modeling of a four-stage damping adjustable shock absorber and its experimental research
Authors: Ding Erming , Xie Fangwei , Dai Heng , Gao Qingsong , Zhang Jin , Feng Yixian , Liu Hongtuo
Published: December 2017

Purpose

In order to improve the ride comfort of vehicle suspension, this paper first proposed a shock absorber with four-stage adjustable damping forces. The purpose of this paper is to validate its modeling and characteristics, indicator diagrams and velocity diagrams, which are the main research points.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to validate the fluid flow modeling, a series of mathematical modeling is established and solved by using Matlab/Simulink. An experiment rig based on electro-hydraulic loading servo system is designed to test the prototype. Finally, indicator diagram and velocity diagram are obtained and compared both in simulation and experiments.

Findings

Results indicate that at the same damping position, damping force will increase with the rise of rod’s velocity: if the rod’s velocity is fixed, the damping force changes apparently by altering the damping position. The shock absorber is softest at damping position 1, and it is hardest at damping position 4; although there is no any badly empty stroke and skewness in indicator diagram by simulation, a temporary empty stroke happens at maximum displacement of piston rob, both in rebound and compression strokes.

Research limitations/implications

Compared with results of the simulation and experiments, the design of a four-stage damping adjustable shock absorber (FDASA) is validated correctly in application, and may improve the overall dynamic performance of vehicle.

Originality/value

This paper is mainly focused on the design and testing of an FDASA, which may obtain four-stages damping characteristics, that totally has a vital importance to improve the performance of vehicle suspension.
Experimental determination of fire degradation kinetic for an aeronautical polymer composite material
Authors: Grange Nathan , Tadini Pietro , Chetehouna Khaled , Gascoin Nicolas , Bouchez Guillaume , Senave Samuel , Reynaud Isabelle
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the fire resistance of an innovative carbon-reinforced PEKK composite for aeronautical applications. To this end, thermal degradation analysis under inert and oxidative atmosphere is carried out. Moreover, a linear model fitting approach is compared to a generally used isoconversional method to validate its reliability for kinetic triplet estimation.

Design/methodology/approach

Thermogravimetric analysis carried out under inert and oxidative atmospheres, between 25 and 1000°C for three different heating rates (5, 15, 25°C/min), followed by a qualitative SEM observation of the samples before and after thermal treatment. After the reaction identification by TG/DTG curves, an isoconversional analysis is carried out to estimate the activation energy as a function of the reaction conversion rate. For the identified reactions, the kinetic triplet is estimated by different methods and the results are compared to evaluate their reliability.

Findings

In inert case, one global reaction, observed between 500-700°C, seems able to describe the degradation of carbon-PEKK resin. Under oxidative atmosphere, three main reactions are identified, besides the resin degradation, the other two are attributed to char and fiber oxidation. Good agreement achieved between isoconversional and linear model fitting methods in activation energy calculation. The achieved results demonstrate the high thermal resistance of PEKK associated with the ether and ketone bonds between the three aromatic groups of its monomer.

Originality/value

This paper provides a possible degradation model useful for numerical implementation in CFD calculations for aircraft components design, when exposed to high temperatures and fire conditions.
Predicting student academic performance using multi-model heterogeneous ensemble approach
Authors: Adejo Olugbenga Wilson , Connolly Thomas
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate and compare the use of multiple data sources, different classifiers and ensembles of classifiers technique in predicting student academic performance. The study will compare the performance and efficiency of ensemble techniques that make use of different combination of data sources with that of base classifiers with single data source.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a quantitative research methodology, data samples of 141 learners enrolled in the University of the West of Scotland were extracted from the institution’s databases and also collected through survey questionnaire. The research focused on three data sources: student record system, learning management system and survey, and also used three state-of-art data mining classifiers, namely, decision tree, artificial neural network and support vector machine for the modeling. In addition, the ensembles of these base classifiers were used in the student performance prediction and the performances of the seven different models developed were compared using six different evaluation metrics.

Findings

The results show that the approach of using multiple data sources along with heterogeneous ensemble techniques is very efficient and accurate in prediction of student performance as well as help in proper identification of student at risk of attrition.

Practical implications

The approach proposed in this study will help the educational administrators and policy makers working within educational sector in the development of new policies and curriculum on higher education that are relevant to student retention. In addition, the general implications of this research to practice is its ability to accurately help in early identification of students at risk of dropping out of HE from the combination of data sources so that necessary support and intervention can be provided.

Originality/value

The research empirically investigated and compared the performance accuracy and efficiency of single classifiers and ensemble of classifiers that make use of single and multiple data sources. The study has developed a novel hybrid model that can be used for predicting student performance that is high in accuracy and efficient in performance. Generally, this research study advances the understanding of the application of ensemble techniques to predicting student performance using learner data and has successfully addressed these fundamental questions: What combination of variables will accurately predict student academic performance? What is the potential of the use of stacking ensemble techniques in accurately predicting student academic performance?
Thermodynamical interactions in a two-temperature dual-phase-lag micropolar thermoelasticity with gravity
Authors: Deswal Sunita , Punia Baljit Singh , Kalkal Kapil Kumar
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The dual-phase-lag (DPL) model is applied to study the effect of the gravity field and micropolarity on the wave propagation in a two-temperature generalized thermoelastic problem for a medium. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

The exact expressions of the considered variables are obtained by using normal mode analysis.

Findings

Numerical results for the field quantities are given in the physical domain and illustrated graphically to show the effect of angle of inclination. Comparisons of the physical quantities are also shown in figure to study the effect of gravity and two-temperature parameter.

Originality/value

This paper is concerned with the analysis of transient wave phenomena in a micropolar thermoelastic half-space subjected to inclined load. The governing equations are formulated in the context of two-temperature generalized thermoelasticity theory with DPLs. A medium is assumed to be initially quiescent and under the effect of gravity. An analytical solution of the problem is obtained by employing normal mode analysis. Numerical estimates of displacement, stresses and temperatures are computed for magnesium crystal-like material and are illustrated graphically. Comparisons of the physical quantities are shown in figures to study the effects of gravity, two-temperature parameter and angle of inclination. Some particular cases of interest have also been inferred from the present problem.
A critical reflexive perspective on othering in collaborative knowledge production
Authors: Nordentoft Helle Merete , Olesen Birgitte Ravn
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to show power mechanisms of in- and exclusion in moments where certain participants appeared to be othered in two collaborative research and development projects in a healthcare setting.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper contributes to critical-reflexive analyses of reflexive processes within collaborative knowledge production. The authors use an analytical framework combining Bakhtin and Foucault to investigate processes of inclusion and exclusion in the interplay between dominant and subordinated voices in a moment-by-moment analysis of two incidents from interdisciplinary workshops.

Findings

The analysis illuminates how differences between voices challenge participants’ reflexive awareness and lead to the reproduction of contextual power and knowledge hierarchies and the concomitant silencing of particular participants. Thus, the findings draw attention to the complex and ethical nature of collaborative knowledge production.

Practical implications

To invite researchers to be reflexive about the complex, situated and emergent character of reflexive processes and consider ethics to be a critical stance that encourages continuous reflection and critique of collaborative knowledge production.

Originality/value

To show the importance of not sweeping incidents in which participants are othered “under the carpet” in collaborative research. To present an analytical framework for analysing the contextual and emergent nature of collaborative research processes and discuss the ethical conundrums, which arise in the research process.