bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
White Matter Associations With Performance Validity Testing in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: The Utility of Biomarkers in Complicated Assessment
Authors: Clark Alexandra L. , Sorg Scott F. , Schiehser Dawn M. , Bigler Erin D. , Bondi Mark W. , Jacobson Mark W. , Jak Amy J. , Delano-Wood Lisa
Published: September 2015

Objective:

Failure on performance validity tests (PVTs) is common in Veterans with histories of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), leading to questionable validity of clinical presentations.

Participants:

Using diffusion tensor imaging, we investigated white matter (WM) integrity and cognition in 79 Veterans with history of mTBI who passed PVTs (n = 43; traumatic brain injury [TBI]-passed), history of mTBI who failed at least 1 PVT (n = 13; TBI-failed), and military controls (n = 23; MCs) with no history of TBI.

Results:

The TBI-failed group demonstrated significantly lower cognitive scores relative to MCs and the TBI-passed group; however, no such differences were observed between MCs and the TBI-passed group. On a global measure of WM integrity (ie, WM burden), the TBI-failed group showed more overall WM abnormalities than the other groups. However, no differences were observed between the MCs and TBI-passed group on WM burden. Interestingly, regional WM analyses revealed abnormalities in the anterior internal capsule and cingulum of both TBI subgroups relative to MCs. Moreover, compared with the TBI-passed group, the TBI-failed group demonstrated significantly decreased WM integrity in the corpus callosum.

Conclusions:

Findings revealed that, within our sample, WM abnormalities are evident in those who fail PVTs. This study adds to the burgeoning PVT literature by suggesting that poor PVT performance does not negate the possibility of underlying WM abnormalities in military personnel with history of mTBI.
Long-Term Motor Recovery After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Beyond Established Limits
Authors: D'Arcy Ryan C. N. , Lindsay D. Stephen , Song Xiaowei , Gawryluk Jodie R. , Greene Debbie , Mayo Chantel , Ghosh Hajra Sujoy , Mandziuk Lila , Mathieson John , Greene Trevor
Published: September 2015

Objective:

To report neural plasticity changes after severe traumatic brain injury.

Setting:

Case-control study.

Participants:

Canadian soldier, Captain Trevor Greene survived a severe open-traumatic brain injury during a 2006 combat tour in Afghanistan.

Design:

Longitudinal follow-up for more than 6 years.

Main Measures:

Twelve longitudinal functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) examinations were conducted to investigate lower limb activation changes in association with clinical examination. Trevor Greene's lower limb fMRI activation was compared with control fMRI activation of (1) mental imagery of similar movement and (2) matched control subject data.

Results:

Trevor Greene's motor recovery and corresponding fMRI activation increased significantly over time (F = 32.54, P < .001). Clinical measures of functional recovery correlated strongly with fMRI motor activation changes (r = 0.81, P = .001). By comparison, while Trevor Greene's mental imagery activated similar motor regions, there was no evidence of fMRI activation change over time. While comparable, control motor activation did not change over time and there was no significant mental imagery activation.

Conclusion:

Motor function recovery can occur beyond 6 years after severe traumatic brain injury, both in neural plasticity and clinical outcome. This demonstrates that continued benefits in physical function due to rehabilitative efforts can be achieved for many years following injury. The finding challenges current practices and assumptions in rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury.
IgG4 Staining in Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Kashani Irwin , Rajak Saul N. , Kearney Daniel J. , Andrew Nicholas H. , Selva Dinesh
Published: September 2015

IgG4-related ophthalmic disease is increasingly widely recognized. Moreover, IgG4 staining can occur in other inflammatory diseases. The authors report a case of IgG4 staining of an enlarged, inflamed levator palpebrae superioris in a patient with a past history of thyroid eye disease. A 78-year-old woman with quiescent hyperthyroidism had clinical and radiological evidence of levator palpebrae superioris inflammation without superior rectus involvement. A biopsy was consistent with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease. There was a marked but incomplete response to an orbital injection of triamcinolone. The authors discuss the association between thyroid eye disease and IgG4 staining and the diagnostic issues that arise when IgG4-related ophthalmic disease criteria are fulfilled in patients with other orbital inflammatory conditions.
Crucial Roles of the Arp2/3 Complex during Mammalian Corticogenesis
Authors: Wang Pei-Shan , Chou Fu-Sheng , Guo Fengli , Suraneni Praveen , Xia Sheng , Ramachandran Sree , Li Rong
Published: September 2015

HIGHLIGHTS

Disruption of the Arp2/3 complex impairs cortical development The Arp2/3 complex promotes RGC basal process extension and apical adhesion Loss of Arp2/3 complex leads to altered RGC polarity and cell fate The Arp2/3 complex has non-cell-autonomous and cell-autonomous roles in neuronal migration The Arp2/3 complex enables neuronal cells to migrate on soft or less adhesive substrates

The polarity and organization of radial glial cells (RGCs), which serve as both stem cells and scaffolds for neuronal migration, are crucial for cortical development. However, the cytoskeletal mechanisms that drive radial glial outgrowth and maintain RGC polarity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the Arp2/3 complex, the unique actin nucleator that produces branched actin networks, plays essential roles in RGC polarity and morphogenesis. Disruption of the Arp2/3 complex in RGCs retards process outgrowth toward the basal surface and impairs apical polarity and adherens junctions. Whereas the former is correlated with abnormal actin-based leading edge, the latter is consistent with blockage in membrane trafficking. These defects result in altered cell fate, disrupted cortical lamination and abnormal angiogenesis. In addition, we present evidence that the Arp2/3 complex is a cell-autonomous regulator of neuronal migration. Our data suggest that Arp2/3-mediated actin assembly may be particularly important for neuronal cell motility in soft or poorly adhesive matrix environment.
Prediction of Hfq in actinobacteria
Authors: Bora Nagamani , Ward Alan C , Kim Wonyong
Published: September 2015

Hfq is the bacterial orthologue of the eukaryotic (L)Sm family of proteins found across all domains of life and potentially an ancient protein, but it has not been found in all phyletic lines. A careful search successfully identified a distant hfq orthologue in the cyanobacteria leaving the actinobacteria as the major phylum with no known hfq orthologue. A search for hfq in actinobacteria, using domain enhanced searching (DELTA-BLAST) with cyanobacterial hfq, identified a conserved actinobacterial specific protein as remotely homologous. Structural homology modelling using profile matching to fold libraries andab initio3D structure determination supports this prediction and suggests module shuffling in the evolution of the actinobacterial hfq. Our results provide the basis to explore this prediction, and exploit it, across diverse taxa with potentially important post-transcriptional regulatory effects in virulence, antibiotic production and interactions in human microbiomes. However, the role of hfq in gram positive bacteria has remained elusive and experimental verification will be challenging.
Decomposing variability in protein levels from noisy expression, genome duplication and partitioning errors during cell-divisions
Authors: Soltani M. , Vargas-Garcia C. A. , Antunes D. , Singh A.
Published: September 2015

Inside individual cells, expression of genes is inherently stochastic and manifests as cell-to-cell variability or noise in protein copy numbers. Since proteins half-lives can be comparable to the cell-cycle length, randomness in cell-division times generates additional intercellular variability in protein levels. Moreover, as many mRNA/protein species are expressed at low-copy numbers, errors incurred in partitioning of molecules between the mother and daughter cells are significant. We derive analytical formulas for the total noise in protein levels for a general class of cell-division time and partitioning error distributions. Using a novel hybrid approach the total noise is decomposed into components arising from i) stochastic expression; ii) partitioning errors at the time of cell-division and iii) random cell-division events. These formulas reveal that random cell-division times not only generate additional extrinsic noise but also critically affect the mean protein copy numbers and intrinsic noise components. Counter intuitively, in some parameter regimes noise in protein levels can decrease as cell-division times become more stochastic. Computations are extended to consider genome duplication, where the gene dosage is increased by two-fold at a random point in the cell-cycle. We systematically investigate how the timing of genome duplication influences different protein noise components. Intriguingly, results show that noise contribution from stochastic expression is minimized at an optimal genome duplication time. Our theoretical results motivate new experimental methods for decomposing protein noise levels from single-cell expression data. Characterizing the contributions of individual noise mechanisms will lead to precise estimates of gene expression parameters and techniques for altering stochasticity to change phenotype of individual cells.
Automated model progression scheduling using level of development
Authors: Hooper Martin
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to unravel the mystery of Level of Development (LOD) as frequently referred to in Building Information Modelling (BIM) delivery documents. LOD is a key parameter for describing digital content in a BIM context. It is seen as an important vehicle for specifying information exchange throughout a facility’ life cycle. However, hitherto, there has been little research examining how, beyond the theoretical concept, LOD can be applied and smartly utilised in practice. This study seeks to unravel the concept and reveal new insights into its application from a design management perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

– Following a literature and document review, two small-scale case projects were identified. The first was – to temper the state-of-the-art theory and understand what happens in practice today – discovery led. The second was – to drill down to the core of LOD utilisation to support planned model progression and test a plausible novel methodology to automate associated workflow – theory led.

Findings

– Results suggest that a lack of consistent understanding and utilisation exists and particular LOD errors are highlighted, but, moreover, LOD can be so much more useful if integrated into a BIM-like workflow. Consequently, a new method of automatically comparing planned model progression with the current state of the model is presented.

Practical implications

– Advancement of the understanding of the concept and application of LOD and its usefulness has significant implications for designing information management research.

Originality/value

– Fresh insights into LOD, concept and application are presented. The emerging proposed utilisation framework is novel and targets removal of known labour-intensive activities associated with LOD matrices whilst facilitating rich reuse of efficient model progression knowledge.
Has the harmonisation of accounting practices improved? Evidence from South Asia
Authors: Ahmed Kamran , Ali Muhammad Jahangir
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to examine whether the level of harmonization of accounting measurement practices in three South Asian countries – Bangladesh, India and Pakistan – has improved since 1998 as a result of the changes, in recent years, globally in accounting measurement practices due to the substantial efforts of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). South Asian countries have taken a number of steps and made changes in accounting regulations to support the IASB’s harmonization programme.

Design/methodology/approach

– In all, 370 non-financial companies for the financial years 1997-1998 and 2007-2008 were used, and consistent with Ali et al. (2006), Van der Tas’s (1988) I index and Archer et al.’s (1995) modified C index were used to measure the extent of harmonization.

Findings

– It was found that the level of measurement harmonization has significantly improved over the years in selected South Asian countries.

Originality/value

– The results suggest that the harmonization of accounting will most likely ensure a greater level of transparency and uniformity in corporate reporting practices (measurement) in South Asian countries and throughout the world as promoted by the IASB.
Pro forma disclosure practices of firms applying IFRS
Authors: Solsma Lori , Wilder W. Mark
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is empirically investigate the pro forma disclosure behavior of US-listed foreign firms applying International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

Design/methodology/approach

– The annual earnings press releases of US-listed foreign firms on the New York Stock Exchange are analyzed to compare the effect that reporting standard (specifically IFRS) has on pro forma disclosure frequency, disclosure characteristics and benchmarking.

Findings

– US-listed foreign firms applying IFRS report pro forma disclosures more frequently than firms using the USA’s generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), but less opportunistically.

Originality/value

– This paper extends Epping and Wilder’s (2011) study and contributes to the pro forma disclosure literature by providing a cross-country analysis of non-GAAP disclosure based on reporting standard (IFRS or US GAAP). Understanding the non-GAAP disclosure of firms applying IFRS is useful to investors and regulators, as more countries adopt IFRS.
What does insurance purchase behaviour say about risks?
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel , George Babu P.
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to explore the world of insurances as rites of adaptancy and resiliency before risk and disasters. The research on risks, both perceived and real, has become a frequent theme of academic research in the recent past.

Design/methodology/approach

– The information given by the superintendencia de Seguros de Buenos Aires involves 100 per cent of the insurances companies of Argentina. The reading of insurance demands corresponds with a new method in the studies of risks.

Findings

– Using advanced probability theory and quantitative techniques, risk management researchers have been able to construct sophisticated mathematical-statistical models of risk.

Research limitations/implications

– However, the relation between anticipated risks and insurance purchase behaviour has not received sufficient attention. In the present study, starting from the premise that societies may be studied by examining their fears, the authors posit that these fears are represented in the insurance premiums people buy for being protected.

Originality/value

– Insurance purchase behaviour at any particular point in time is a measure of what a society considers to be risky at that time and is a key source of information for tourism managers.
Dichotomising compulsory land acquisition and land contamination valuations
Authors: Akujuru Victor A. , Ruddock Les
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– This study aims at identifying the consequences of adopting statutory rather than market basis in assessing damages due to contamination to land. Most valuations undertaken to assess compensation for damages due to contamination on land are done with valuation methods prescribed by law for the compulsory acquisition of land.

Design/methodology/approach

– A total of 80 registered valuation firms with experience in both compulsory acquisition and damage assessment participated in a questionnaire survey to ascertain the methods adopted in valuing when determining the compensation payable as damages due to land contamination and the need for a framework for such valuations, in addition to some archival documents relating to the relevant laws and some purposively selected valuation reports, which were reviewed.

Findings

– The results of the analysis indicate that the use of compulsory acquisition valuation methods results in inadequate damages, which engenders conflicts among the stakeholders. The absence of any framework for damage assessment is responsible for the current practice in the Niger Delta, and it is recommended that international best practices utilising market basis of valuation be adopted.

Research limitations/implications

– Most valuation methods available are useful for valuing commercial properties regularly traded in the market and not applicable to the Niger Delta, which is mostly rural with very few market transactions. It is expected that this study will enable oil and gas industry operators, professional valuers advising the land owners or operators in the industry and the government to differentiate compensation paid for compulsory acquisition and compensation required to placate those suffering losses due to contamination.

Practical implications

– The findings will assist professional valuers to be more professional in valuing contaminated land devastated by oil spills.

Social implications

– Adopting the findings will engender a greater acceptability of the results of valuations undertaken in the wake of an oil spillage disaster and ensure a peaceful environment for the oil operators and the entire populace.

Originality/value

– The findings of this study are expected to assist policymakers in emerging economies and professional valuers acting in these environments to avoid precipitating crises by adopting inappropriate valuation techniques when assessing damages due to contamination. This study is original and has not been published elsewhere.
An evaluation framework for assessing resilience of post-disaster housing
Authors: Ahmed Iftekhar , Charlesworth Esther Ruth
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the utility of a tool for assessing resilience of housing. After disasters, maximum resources are often allocated for housing reconstruction, and most initiatives on disaster resilient housing have arisen after disasters. With widespread claims by agencies of having “built back better”, it is important to establish an evaluation framework that allows understanding to what extent resilience has been successfully achieved in such housing projects. This paper discusses such a tool developed by the authors.

Design/methodology/approach

– In a study commissioned by the Australian Shelter Reference Group, the authors have developed an evaluation tool for assessing resilience in housing and tested it in several housing reconstruction projects in the Asia-Pacific region. Various evaluation frameworks were reviewed to develop the tool. An approach derived from the log frame was adapted in alignment with other key approaches. The tool is practical and targeted for agency staff involved in housing projects, evaluators of housing reconstruction projects and communities to assess their housing in terms of resilience. It comprises three main stages of an assessment process with guided activities at each stage.

Findings

– The tool was tested in the Cook Islands and Sri Lanka, and the key findings of the test assessments are presented to demonstrate the prospects of the tool. While the case study projects all indicated achievement of a level of resilience, problems were evident in terms of designs issues and external factors.

Originality/value

– Such a tool has the potential to be used more widely through advocacy to prioritise resilience in post-disaster housing reconstruction.
Multi-component manufacturing system maintenance scheduling based on degradation information using genetic algorithm
Authors: Liu Qinming , Lv Wenyuan
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The traditional maintenance scheduling strategies of multi-component systems may result in maintenance shortage or overage, while system degradation information is often ignored. The purpose of this paper is to propose a multi-phase model that better integrates degradation information, dependencies and maintenance at the tactical level.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper proposes first a maintenance optimization model for multi-component systems with economic dependence and structural dependence. The cost of combining maintenance activities is lower than that of performing maintenance on components separately, and the downtime cost can be reduced by considering structural dependence. Degradation information and multiple maintenance actions within scheduling horizon are considered. Moreover, the maintenance resources can be integrated into the optimization model. Then, the optimization model adopting one maintenance activity is extended to multi-phase optimization model of the whole system lifetime by taking into account the cost and the expected number of downtime.

Findings

– The superiority of the proposed method compared with periodic maintenance is demonstrated. Thus, the values of both integrated degradation information and considering dependencies are testified. The advantage of the proposed method is highlighted in the cases of high system utilization, long maintenance durations and low maintenance costs.

Originality/value

– Few studies have been carried out to integrate decisions on degradation, dependencies and maintenance. Their considerations are either incomplete or not realistic enough. A more comprehensive and realistic multi-phase model is proposed in this paper, along with an iterative solution algorithm for it.
Screening for learning disabilities in the criminal justice system: a review of existing measures for use within liaison and diversion services
Authors: Silva Daniel , Gough Karen , Weeks Hannah
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– At present, there are significant limitations to the criminal justice system’s (CJS) ability to respond appropriately to detainees or defendant with learning disabilities (LD). The development of Liaison and Diversion Services has provided the opportunity to more easily identify people with LD in the CJS through the use of screening assessments. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to consider why there is a need for screening assessments and review the literature on existing measures, in order to consider the next steps to develop a more effective pathway from the CJS to LD services.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper takes the form of a literature review.

Findings

– The review found that there is a significant body of research defending the need for LD screening in the CJS across the UK. The aim of a screening process would be to identify individuals who possibly have LD and ensure that the correct measures are in place to assess and manage these individuals, including appropriate diversion to specialist LD services. The learning disability screening questionnaire (LDSQ) is an instrument that could be utilised in these instances and could be carried out by Liaison and Diversion Services.

Research limitations/implications

– Neither of the tools reviewed in this paper have been vigorously field tested within forensic settings in the UK. It is recommended that there should be trials of the LDSQ as a screening tool within Liaison and Diversion Services with comparison against outcomes of full diagnostic assessments for LD.

Originality/value

– Screening for LD is being discussed across the UK as part of Liaison and Diversion Services. This paper highlights the need for a reliable and valid screening tool and provides support for the use of the LDSQ.
Job stress, burnout and job satisfaction in staff working with people with intellectual disabilities: community and criminal justice care
Authors: Søndenaa Erik , Whittington Richard , Lauvrud Christian , Nonstad Kåre
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine and compare levels of burnout, traumatic stress and resilience amongst Norwegian nursing care staff in two intellectual disability (ID) services.

Design/methodology/approach

– This was a cross-sectional survey in which 137 staff completed questionnaires measuring work-related stress, burnout, compassion and resilience. Two groups were compared; staff in the national forensic ID services and staff in the community ID caring services.

Findings

– Nursing staff in the community ID caring services had significantly more signs of stress and burnout compared to the other group. At the same time they were more compassionate.

Originality/value

– The different caring cultures examined in this study indicated that the forensic ID staff tended to focus on the physical aspects of the caring role whilst the community ID staff tended to focus on the relational issues. The impact of serious events resulted in a higher level of stress and burnout symptoms, however the community carers showed more compassion to their work.
Learning disability nursing in the criminal justice system: achieving justice for all – understanding need and enabling change for young people in the youth offending team and resolution and understanding for victims
Authors: Hepworth Karina Louise , Williams Helen
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The learning disability nursing role in the multi-professional Youth Offending Team (YOT) enables the recognition, acknowledgement and understanding of the needs of people entering the Criminal Justice System (CJS) and provides a platform to ensure appropriate identification, assessment, planning and delivery of care ensuring successful completion of the Order and subsequent recidivism and reduction in reoffending. The purpose of this paper is to share the experience of working with young people who have committed a crime and are found to have unmet or undiagnosed additional needs.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper seeks to consider how learning disability nursing skills compliment the range of expertise in the multi-professional YOT and discusses the case of a young woman and her experience of the CJS from pre-sentence to completion of the Order.

Findings

– Working together enables effective care delivery to ensure the needs of the person are recognised, understood and acted upon and achieves a balance between welfare for the person and justice and understanding for the victim.

Originality/value

– This paper’s value is to demonstrate that recognition of need enables the appropriate intervention and delivery of care. Through working together a reduction in young people returning into the CJS as well as building skills and understanding in staff working with young people with additional needs can be achieved.
Balancing IJV knowledge contributions and trust needs
Authors: Calhoun Mikelle , Harnowo Akhadian
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to present a model that explains how knowledge contributions of international joint venture (“IJV”) partners can be balanced or imbalanced, which affects each partners’ trust needs, with implications for future partner relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

– Illustrative examples aid in explaining propositions associated with the knowledge/trust needs balance model. In addition, consideration is given to the trust-building complication of liability of foreignness and the implications balance or imbalance.

Findings

– In total, 12 illustrative cases are evaluated to determine whether the knowledge contributions of the IJV partners are balanced. Knowledge intensity associated with the venture is assessed to determine the value of the foreign firm partner’s knowledge contribution. Cultural distance between the relevant countries provides a measure of the host country partner’s knowledge contribution. Balance is assessed after factoring in mitigating partner experience. The cases provide examples of four different balance/imbalance situations.

Practical implications

– A critical aspect of a successful IJV is knowledge sharing and trust is required for the freest flow of information. It is important for firms entering into IJVs to more fully understand the relationship between the knowledge contributions of IJV partners and trust. When knowledge contributions are more evenly balanced, the relationship between the partners will be stronger.

Originality/value

– The paper distinguishes between balance and stability/instability, expands the literature on knowledge intensity and contributes the new concept of trust needs. Balance at the start of an IJV has implications for the future relationship of the partners.
Millennials’ work values: differences across the school to work transition
Authors: Kuron Lisa K. J. , Lyons Sean T. , Schweitzer Linda , Ng Eddy S.W.
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether work values vary across different life and career stages in a sample of Millennials.

Design/methodology/approach

– The sample for this study was comprised of 906 Canadian Millennials (born between 1980 and 1994).

Findings

– Pre-career and working Millennials varied in terms of the importance they placed on five work values – interesting work, achievement, good co-workers, doing work that helped people and salary – although these differences were small in magnitude. This suggests that Millennials’ work values are relatively stable as they grow older and gain work experience.

Research limitations/implications

– A large body of research citing generational differences relies upon cross-sectional studies which compares different generations of individuals at different life stages, thus making it impossible to disentangle whether the differences are a result of generational or life-cycle effects. The findings that the importance of work values shift over the life course suggest that maturation effects may explain only a small portion of these differences in the emerging adulthood phase. This finding is particularly important for researchers who rely on samples of post-secondary students as this is a period of change from both an individual and career developmental perspective.

Practical implications

– This research suggests that pre-career Millennials may be attracted to organizations which emphasize a collegial work environment and socially responsible culture. Once they are in the workforce, Millennials can be attracted and retained through attractive working conditions and remuneration. All Millennials are most likely to be attracted to workplaces that provide interesting work, work-life balance, job security and the information workers need to do their jobs effectively.

Originality/value

– Developmental psychology and career development literature suggest that transitioning from school-to-work is a major life event. Past research has shown that the importance of work values change across this transition and that this change differs among social generations (i.e. Baby Boomers and Generation Xers), but research to date has not examined this transition in the current, millennial generation (born after 1980). We answer the call for researchers to understand Millennials as they progress in their careers, demonstrate that the shift in work values is different for Millennials, and provide actionable recommendations for managers.
The impact of work-life culture on organizational productivity
Authors: de Sivatte Isabel , Gordon Judith R. , Rojo Pilar , Olmos Ricardo
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to test the relationship of work-life culture and organizational productivity and determine if it is mediated by the availability of work-life programs.

Design/methodology/approach

– Quantitative data for the study were collected using three sources: an original survey completed by managers of 195 different companies, archival data from two databases, and archival data published in three national surveys. Hypotheses were tested using path analyses.

Findings

– The data reveals that work-life culture has no direct effect on labor productivity but does have an indirect effect on it, through the availability of work-life programs.

Research limitations/implications

– One of the study’s limitations is that its design is cross-sectional. The authors suggest that future longitudinal studies examine the impact of work-life culture on organizational outcomes.

Practical implications

– Practitioners should note the importance of promoting a favorable work-life culture and offering work-life programs as they enhance labor productivity.

Originality/value

– The authors examine the impact of work-life culture on organizational productivity, a relatively understudied relationship at the organizational level.
New alliances for research and teaching support: establishing the Göttingen eResearch Alliance
Authors: Schmidt Birgit , Dierkes Jens
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and implementation of policies, digital infrastructures and hands-on support for eResearch at the University of Göttingen. Core elements of this activity are to provide support for research data management to researchers of all disciplines and to coordinate on-campus activities. These activities are actively aligned with disciplinary, national and international policies and e-infrastructures.

Design/methodology/approach

– The process of setting up and implementing an institutional data policy and its necessary communications and workflows are described and analysed. A first assessment of service development and uptake is provided in the area of embedded research data support.

Findings

– A coordination unit for eResearch brings together knowledge about methods and tools that are otherwise scattered across disciplinary units. This provides a framework for policy implementation and improves the quality of institutional research environments.

Practical implications

– The study provides information about an institutional implementation strategy for infrastructure and services related to research data. The lessons learned allow insights into current challenges and work ahead.

Originality/value

– With a cross-cutting, “horizontal” approach, in the Göttingen eResearch Alliance, two research-orientated infrastructure providers, a library and an IT service, combine their services and expertise to develop an eResearch service and support portfolio for the Göttingen Campus.
Forecasting stock index volatility with GARCH models: international evidence
Authors: Sharma Prateek , _ Vipul
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to compare the daily conditional variance forecasts of seven GARCH-family models. This paper investigates whether the advanced GARCH models outperform the standard GARCH model in forecasting the variance of stock indices.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using the daily price observations of 21 stock indices of the world, this paper forecasts one-step-ahead conditional variance with each forecasting model, for the period 1 January 2000 to 30 November 2013. The forecasts are then compared using multiple statistical tests.

Findings

– It is found that the standard GARCH model outperforms the more advanced GARCH models, and provides the best one-step-ahead forecasts of the daily conditional variance. The results are robust to the choice of performance evaluation criteria, different market conditions and the data-snooping bias.

Originality/value

– This study addresses the data-snooping problem by using an extensive cross-sectional data set and the superior predictive ability test (Hansen, 2005). Moreover, it covers a sample period of 13 years, which is relatively long for the volatility forecasting studies. It is one of the earliest attempts to examine the impact of market conditions on the forecasting performance of GARCH models. This study allows for a rich choice of parameterization in the GARCH models, and it uses a wide range of performance evaluation criteria, including statistical loss functions and the Mince-Zarnowitz regressions (Mincer and Zarnowitz 1969). Therefore, the results are more robust and widely applicable as compared to the earlier studies.
Effects of ocean acidification on Posidonia oceanica epiphytic community and shoot productivity
Authors: Cox T. Erin , Schenone Stefano , Delille Jeremy , Díaz‐Castañeda Victoria , Alliouane Samir , Gattuso Jean‐Pierre , Gazeau Frédéric
Published: September 2015

Biological interactions can alter predictions that are based on single‐species physiological response. It is known that leaf segments of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica will increase photosynthesis with lowered pH, but it is not clear whether the outcome will be altered when the whole plant and its epiphyte community, with different respiratory and photosynthetic demands, are included. In addition, the effects on the Posidonia epiphyte community have rarely been tested under controlled conditions, at near‐future pH levels.

In order to better evaluate the effects of pH levels as projected for the upcoming decades on seagrass meadows, shoots of P. oceanica with their associated epiphytes were exposed in the laboratory to three pH levels (ambient: 8.1, 7.7 and 7.3, on the total scale) for 4 weeks. Net productivity, respiration, net calcification and leaf fluorescence were measured on several occasions. At the end of the study, epiphyte community abundance and composition, calcareous mass and crustose coralline algae growth were determined. Finally, photosynthesis vs. irradiance curves (PE) was produced from segments of secondary leaves cleaned of epiphytes and pigments extracted.

Posidonia leaf fluorescence and chlorophyll concentrations did not differ between pH treatments. Net productivity of entire shoots and epiphyte‐free secondary leaves increased significantly at the lowest pH level yet limited or no stimulation in productivity was observed at the intermediate pH treatment. Under both pH treatments, significant decreases in epiphytic cover were observed, mostly due to the reduction of crustose coralline algae. The loss of the dominant epiphyte producer yet similar photosynthetic response for epiphyte‐free secondary leaves and shoots suggests a minimal contribution of epiphytes to shoot productivity under experimental conditions.

Synthesis. Observed responses indicate that under future ocean acidification conditions foreseen in the next century an increase in Posidonia productivity is not likely despite the partial loss of epiphytic coralline algae which are competitors for light. A decline in epiphytic cover could, however, reduce the feeding capacity of the meadow for invertebrates. In situ long‐term experiments that consider both acidification and warming scenarios are needed to improve ecosystem‐level predictions.
Ambiguity, learning opportunities and risk‐neutral regulation
Authors: Randall Alan
Published: September 2015

Two current issues in management of public risks, ambiguity and learning, are addressed in the context of managing ecosystems with thresholds, and regulating treatment safety as might apply, for example, to human and animal health, pesticides and herbicides. Reconsidering a recent claim that, in systems that penalise violation of thresholds, learning opportunities induce riskier decision‐making, I find no incentive for ambiguity seeking. But opportunity to benefit from learning may indeed induce riskier decisions, an effect that diminishes and eventually disappears as penalties become larger. A recent claim that a rational regulator of pharmaceutical drugs would be ambiguity preferring – a claim that has obvious applicability to a broader set of treatments – is then examined. Ambiguity‐tolerant patients may indeed prefer a menu of ambiguous treatments and opportunity to learn and switch, rather than a single treatment with known risk. But the source of ambiguity matters. Patient heterogeneity, prior to and independent of policy, generates ambiguity for individuals and motivates preference for a menu of treatments. However, expanding the menu does not justify approving treatments that are generally riskier. Finally, I challenge the perennial claim that the regulator of risks to human health and safety should seek to maximise expected value.
Of Journal Editors and Editorial Boards: Who Are the Trailblazers in Increasing Editorial Board Gender Equality?
Authors: Metz Isabel , Harzing Anne‐Wil , Zyphur Michael J.
Published: September 2015

Female academics continue to be under‐represented on the editorial boards of many, but not all, management journals. This variability is intriguing, because it is reasonable to assume that the size of the pool of female faculty available and willing to serve on editorial boards is similar for all management journals. This paper therefore focuses on the characteristics of the journal editors to explain this variability; journal editors or editors‐in‐chief are the most influential people in the selection of editorial board members. The authors draw on social identity and homosocial reproduction theories, and on the gender and careers literature to examine the relationship between an editor's academic performance, professional age and gender, and editorial board gender equality. Longitudinal data are collected at five points in time, using five‐year intervals, from 52 management journals. To account for the nested structure of the data, a three‐level multilevel model was estimated. Overall, it is found that the prospects of board membership improve for women when editors are high‐performing, professionally young or female. The authors discuss these findings and their implications for management journals with low, stagnant or declining representation of women in their boards.
Ethanol Metabolites: Their Role in the Assessment of Alcohol Intake
Authors: Wurst Friedrich M. , Thon Natasha , Yegles Michel , Schrück Alexandra , Preuss Ulrich W. , Weinmann Wolfgang
Published: September 2015

Background

Alcohol‐related disorders are common, expensive in their course, and often underdiagnosed. To facilitate early diagnosis and therapy of alcohol‐related disorders and to prevent later complications, questionnaires and biomarkers are useful.

Methods

Indirect state markers like gamma‐glutamyl‐transpeptidase, mean corpuscular volume, and carbohydrate deficient transferrin are influenced by age, gender, various substances, and nonalcohol‐related illnesses, and do not cover the entire timeline for alcohol consumption. Ethanol (EtOH) metabolites, such as ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate, phosphatidylethanol, and fatty acid ethyl esters have gained enormous interest in the last decades as they are detectable after EtOH intake.

Results

For each biomarker, pharmacological characteristics, detection methods in different body tissues, sensitivity/specificity values, cutoff values, time frames of detection, and general limitations are presented. Another focus of the review is the use of the markers in special clinical and forensic samples.

Conclusions

Depending on the biological material used for analysis, ethanol metabolites can be applied in different settings such as assessment of alcohol intake, screening, prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of alcohol use disorders.
Use of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy and breast‐feeding
Authors: Larsen E. R. , Damkier P. , Pedersen L. H. , Fenger‐Gron J. , Mikkelsen R. L. , Nielsen R. E. , Linde V. J. , Knudsen H. E. D. , Skaarup L. , Videbech P.
Published: September 2015

Objective

To write clinical guidelines for the use of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy and breast‐feeding for daily practice in psychiatry, obstetrics and paediatrics.

Method

As we wanted a guideline with a high degree of consensus among health professionals treating pregnant women with a psychiatric disease, we asked the Danish Psychiatric Society, the Danish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Danish Paediatric Society and the Danish Society of Clinical Pharmacology to appoint members for the working group. A comprehensive review of the literature was hereafter conducted.

Results

Sertraline and citalopram are first‐line treatment among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for depression. It is recommended to use lithium for bipolar disorders if an overall assessment finds an indication for mood‐stabilizing treatment during pregnancy. Lamotrigine can be used. Valproate and carbamazepin are contraindicated. Olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine and clozapine can be used for bipolar disorders and schizophrenia.

Conclusion

It is important that health professionals treating fertile women with a psychiatric disease discuss whether psychotropic drugs are needed during pregnancy and how it has to be administered.
A cross‐sectional assessment of the long term effects of brief strategic family therapy for adolescent substance use
Authors: Horigian Viviana E. , Feaster Daniel J. , Robbins Michael S. , Brincks Ahnalee M. , Ucha Jessica , Rohrbaugh Michael J. , Shoham Varda , Bachrach Ken , Miller Michael , Burlew A. Kathleen , Hodgkins Candace C. , Carrion Ibis S. , Silverstein Meredith , Werstlein Robert , Szapocznik José
Published: September 2015

Background

Young adult drug use and law‐breaking behaviors often have roots in adolescence. These behaviors are predicted by early drug use, parental substance use disorders, and disrupted and conflict‐ridden family environments.

Aim

To examine long‐term outcomes of Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSFT) compared to treatment as usual (TAU) in the rates of drug use, number of arrests and externalizing behaviors in young adults who were randomized into treatment conditions as adolescents.

Design

261 of 480 adolescents who had been randomized to BSFT or TAU in the BSFT effectiveness study were assessed at a single time, 3–7 years post randomization.

Methods

Assessments of drug use, externalizing behaviors, arrests and incarcerations were conducted using Timeline Follow Back, Adult Self Report, and self‐report, respectively. Drug use, arrests and incarcerations were examined using negative binomial models and externalizing behaviors were examined using linear regression.

Results

When compared with TAU, BSFT youth reported lower incidence of lifetime (IRR = 0.68, 95%CI [0.57, 0.81]) and past year (IRR = 0.54, 95%CI [0.40, 0.71]) arrests; lower rates of lifetime (IRR = 0.63, 95%CI [0.49, 0.81]) and past year (IRR = 0.70, 95%CI [0.53, 0.92]) incarcerations; and lower scores on externalizing behaviors at follow‐up (B = −0.42, SE = .15, p = .005). There were no differences in drug use.

Conclusions and Scientific Significance

BSFT may have long term effects in reducing the number of arrests, incarcerations and externalizing problems. These effects could be explained by the improvements in family functioning that occurred during the effectiveness study. This study contributes to the literature by reporting on the long term outcomes of family therapy for adolescent drug abuse. (Am J Addict 2015;XX:1–9)
The Role of Foundations in Public Debates in Germany
Authors: Strachwitz Rupert
Published: September 2015

Why is the German foundations model different from the U.S. model? Does it have to do with the long and surprisingly unbroken history of foundations in Germany or rather with differences in the role of the state? Whatever the answer, this has enormous repercussions on what foundations may achieve in helping to shape public debates. Using Hirschman's model of loyalty, voice, and exit, and a definition of foundations based on seven different functions, the article explores the history of foundations in Germany and assesses their public role, both as contributors of arguments and policy papers, and as objects of public debate. It describes the amazing revival the concept of philanthropy has encountered over the last 15 years, and discusses whether this is due to long‐term political convictions or rather to short‐term political needs. Using examples taken from the 19th and 20th centuries, the article highlights a number of aspects that serve to illustrate the theoretical dilemma as to whether and to what extent highly hierarchical organisms may legitimately exist in an open heterarchical society.