bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silicon uptake and accumulation as a nutrition in sugarcane for resistance against top borer Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker (Crambidae: Lepidoptera), its influence on larval mandibles and commercial cane traits
Authors: Priya Priya , Kumar Rajinder , Singh Dhanwinder
Published: February 2023

Top borer is a major pest of sugarcane which adversely affects the cane yield and sugar recovery. However, the mineral nutrient status of plants plays a crucial role in providing resistance to herbivores since they are quite sensitive to changes in host plant nutrition. In the current finding, the effect of various silicon sources (silicon material (SM) 50% @ 15, 12, 10 and 8 kg/acre, rice husk ash (RHA) @ 200 and 400 kg/acre and bagasse ash (BA) @ 200 and 400 kg/acre) at varied doses on the % incidence of top borer, cane yield and quality traits in sugarcane cultivar Co 238 was studied. The addition of silicon significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced the silicon concentration in sugarcane stalk and soil (available form). The incidence of top borer (TB) was reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) up to a maximum of -37.62%. Cane yield and its attributes were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased with the application of silicon except for germination (p ≥ 0.05). Juice quality traits such as Brix (% soluble solids in juice), Sucrose (%), Commercial cane sugar (CCS q/acre) and Pol% cane were also improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in a tested cultivar with the addition of silicon. With the increase in the number of days after planting the stalk silicon content increased maximum up to 2.48% (T4) and the available soil silicon level decreased. The correlation analysis revealed that stalk silicon content has a significant (p ≤ 0.05) strong negative association (r= -0.959) with % infestation of TB and a strong positive (0.86 < r > 0.95) association with all cane yield and juice traits (brix, sucrose, CCS and pol% cane). The TB larvae feeding on silicon-rich tissues with deposited silicon as phytoliths (SEM images) have worn-out mandibles. Economic analysis showed that SM 50% @ 12 kg/acre was sufficient for reducing the infestation of TB up to 35.67% along with enhancing cane yield (50.82%) and CCS (56.73%). Hence, silicon could be used as a vital component for the integrated management of TB.
Expression profiling of N6-methyladenosine-modified mRNA in PC12 cells in response to unconjugated bilirubin
Authors: Zhou Jinfu , Liao Sining , Zhang Chenran , Luo Jinying , Li Guilin , Li Huangyuan
Published: February 2023

Background
Abnormal methylation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is reportedly associated with central nervous system disorders. However, the role of m6A mRNA methylation in unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) neurotoxicity needs to be further uncovered.
Methods
In this study, rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells treated with UCB were used as in vitro models. After the PC12 cells treated with UCB (0, 12, 18, and 24 µM) for 24 hour, the total RNA m6A levels were measured using an m6A RNA methylation quantification kit. The expression of m6A demethylases and methyltransferases was detected by western blotting. We determined the m6A mRNA methylation profile in PC12 cells exposed to UCB (0, and 18 µM) for 24 hour using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq).
Results
Compared with the control group, UCB (18 and 24 µM) treatment decreased the expression of the m6A demethylase ALKBH5 and increased the expression of the methyltransferases METTL3 and METTL14, which resulted in an increase in the total m6A levels in PC12 cells. Furthermore, 1533 m6A peaks were significantly elevated and 1331 peaks were reduced in the UCB (18 µM)-treated groups compared with those in the control group. Genes with differential m6A peaks were mainly enriched in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, cell cycle, and endocytosis. Through combined analysis of the MeRIP-seq and RNA sequencing data, 129 genes with differentially methylated m6A peaks and differentially expressed mRNA levels were identified.
Conclusion
Our study suggests that the modulation of m6A methylation modifications plays a significant role in UCB neurotoxicity.
Structure Microscopy of an Atom in High Magneto-optical Medium Based on Transmission and Reflection Spectra
Authors: khan Aizaz , Ullah Syed Arif , Bacha Bakht Amin , Ullah Saeed , Akbar Jehan
Published: February 2023

A five level atomic medium driving by probe and standing waves control fields having dielectric function ϵr and permeability function µr is placed in a cavity of dielectric function ϵ1. The permittivity and permeability functions are directly related to the reflection and transmission spectra of the medium. The reflection and transmission spectra of the medium provide information about internal structure and properties of the atom. A central peak/depth is reported in the reflection and transmission spectra, which corresponds to the nuclear region of an atom. Around the central peak/depth regions, circular ring type patterns in the reflection and transmission spectra are reported. These ring type patterns exhibit atomic shells of the atoms. The theoretical investigation of internal structure microscopy of an atom have potential applications in nano-lithography and atom strapping. Our proposed model might be helpful for increasing the capability of optical microscopy and atoms imaging.
Fracture Resistance of Primary Molars After Pulpotomy Procedure Using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate or Biodentine
Authors: Topçuoğlu Gamze , Topçuoğlu Hüseyin Sinan
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different tricalcium silicate materials on the fracture resistance of pulpotomized primary molar teeth with class II mesio-occluso-distal cavities.

Materials and Methods

Seventy-five extracted mandibular primary molars were used in this study. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 15 for each group). In group 1, the teeth were left unprepared and unfilled (negative control); in group 2, pulpotomy cavities were performed, but left unfilled (positive control); in Group 3, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and glass ionomer cement (GIC) was applied; in Group 4, Biodentin and GIC; and in Group 5, zinc oxide eugenol paste and GIC was placed in the pulp chamber. Then, cavities were restored with composite filling material. The teeth in all groups were subjected to thermocycling for 5000 cycles at 5°C–55°C. Each specimen was then subjected to fracture testing using a universal testing machine. The force required to fracture each specimen was recorded, and the data were analyzed statistically.

Results

Fracture resistance values obtained were as follows: Group1 > Group 4 > Group 3 = Group 5 > Group 2, (p < 0.05). The most common type of fracture was restorable in all experimental groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Biodentine can be used as a suitable base material against fracture in teeth undergoing pulpotomy.

Clinical Relevance

The type of the base material used during the pulpotomy procedure may affect the fracture resistance of primary molar teeth.
Comparison of standard T2-weighted turbo spin echo and volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination magnetic resonance imaging sequences in the assessment of articular process dysplasia in Pug dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy
Authors: Gilbert Emma , Rose Jeremy , Arrol Lorna , Driver Colin J.
Published: February 2023

Background: Retrospective study to compare the classification, as normal, hypoplastic or aplastic, of thoracic (T10-T13) caudal articular process (CAP) morphology in Pug dogs with a thoracolumbar myelopathy as normal, hypoplastic or aplastic, between T2 weighted Turbo Spin Echo (T2W-TSE) and Volumetric Interpolated Breath-hold Examination (VIBE) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences, in comparison to Computed Tomography (CT). We hypothesised a stronger agreement for VIBE in comparison to T2W-TSE.
Results: Diagnostic accuracy of T2W-TSE was inferior to VIBE for aplastic (60%, 95% CI 0.561 – 0.639) versus 78%, 95%CI 0.744 - 0.815) hypoplastic (44%, 95%CI 0.427 – 0.452 versus 62.5%, 95%CI 0.595 - 0.655) and normal CAP (70%, 95%CI 0.655 – 0.744 versus 87% 95%CI 0.848- 0.892). Superior accuracy of classification using VIBE versus T2W-TSE sequences using the McNemar Chi squared test was significant for aplastic (p= 0.0002) and normal CAP (p=0.004). VIBE sequences had a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 75% and with T2W-TSE imaging sensitivity 81% and specificity of 75%.
Conclusion: Three-dimensionally reconstructable VIBE sequences were significantly more accurate than traditional T2W-TSE MRI sequences in classifying CAP morphology, which should reduce the need for CT for pre-operative assessment.
Segmental infralesional denervation potentials in sub-acute traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Berger MJ , Adewuyi Adenike , Doherty Christopher , Hanlan Amy , Morin Cynthia , O'Connor Russ , Sharma Radhika , Sproule Shannon , Swong Kevin , Wu Harvey , Franz Colin , Brown Erin
Published: February 2023

Study Design: Two-centre retrospective cohort study.
Objectives: We examined the health of the infralesional LMN in individuals with traumatic cervical SCI, using data derived from the clinical electrodiagnostic examination performed early after SCI.
Setting: Academic hospitals.
Methods: We assessed 66 limbs in 42 individuals (40 males, mean age = 43.6±17.2, mean duration from injury = 3.3±1.5 months, 25 with motor complete injuries). Analysis was stratified by injury level as 1) C4 and above, 2) C5 and 3) C6-7. EMG performed on representative muscles from C5-6, C6-7, C7-8 and C8-T1, were included in analysis. LMN abnormality was dichotomized as present (abnormal spontaneous activity) or absent. Data were pooled for the most caudal infralesional segment (C8-T1).
Results: A high frequency of denervation potentials was seen in all infralesional segments for all injury levels. The pooled frequency of denervation potentials at C8-T1 was 74.6% of limbs tested. There was also evidence of denervation potentials at the rostral border of the neurological level of injury, as high as 64.3% of C5-6 muscles for C5 injuries.
Conclusion: These data support a high prevalence of infralesional LMN abnormality following SCI, which has implications to candidacy, timing of the intervention and donor nerve options.
Is there a relation between stillbirth and low population vitamin D levels? -a binational follow-up study of vitamin D fortification
Authors: Lindqvist Pelle G , Gissler Mika , Essén Birgitta
Published: February 2023

Background
Stillbirth has been associated with low plasma vitamin D. Both Sweden and Finland have been characterized by a high proportion of low plasma vitamin D levels (< 50nmol/L). We aimed to access the odds of stillbirth in relation to changes in National vitamin D fortification.
Methods
All pregnancies in Finland between 1994 and 2021 (n = 1,569,739) and Sweden (n = 2,800,730) with live or stillbirth registered in the Medical Birth Registries. The mean incidences before and after changes in the vitamin D food fortification programs in Finland (2003 and 2009) and Sweden (2018) were compared with cross-tabulation with 95% confidence intervals.
Results
In Finland, there was a reduction of stillbirth rate was reduced from ~ 4.1/1000 before 2003, to 3.4/1000 2004–2009 (odds ratio [OR] 0.87, 95% CI 0.81–0.93) and 2.8/1000 after 2010 (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.78–0.91). In Sweden, the stillbirth rate decreased from 3.9/1000 2008–2017 to 3.2/1000 after 2018 (OR 0.83, 95%CI 0.78–0.89). The dose-dependent difference in Finland in a large sample with correct temporal associations, when the level decreased in Finland, it was steady in Sweden, and vice versa), indicate that the effect may be due to vitamin D. The findings should be interpreted as observational and may not be causal.
Conclusion
Each increment of vitamin D fortification was associated with a ≈ 15% fewer stillbirths on a national level. If true, and fortification reach all, it might be a milestone in preventing stillbirth and reduce health inequalities.
Best practices for portfolio optimization by quantum computing, experimented on real quantum devices
Authors: Buonaiuto Giuseppe , Gargiulo Francesco , De Pietro Giuseppe , Esposito Massimo , Pota Marco
Published: February 2023

In finance, portfolio optimization aims at finding optimal investments maximizing a trade-off between return and risks, given some constraints. Classical formulations of this quadratic optimization problem have exact or heuristic solutions, but the complexity scales up as the market dimension increases. Recently, researchers are evaluating the possibility of facing the complexity scaling issue by employing quantum computing. In this paper, the problem is solved using the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), which in principle is very efficient. The main outcome of this work consists of the definition of the best hyperparameters to set, in order to perform Portfolio Optimization by VQE on real quantum computers. In particular, a quite general formulation of the constrained quadratic problem is considered, which is translated into Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization by the binary encoding of variables and by including constraints in the objective function. This is converted into a set of quantum operators (Ising Hamiltonian), whose minimum eigenvalue is found by VQE and corresponds to the optimal solution. In this work, different hyperparameters of the procedure are analyzed, including different ansatzes and optimization methods by means of experiments on both simulators and real quantum computers. Experiments show that there is a strong dependence of solutions quality on the sufficiently sized quantum computer and correct hyperparameters, and with the best choices, the quantum algorithm run on real quantum devices reaches solutions very close to the exact one, with a strong convergence rate towards the classical solution, even without error-mitigation techniques. Moreover, results obtained on different real quantum devices, for a small-sized example, show the relation between the quality of the solution and the dimension of the quantum processor. Evidences allow concluding which are the best ways to solve real Portfolio Optimization problems by VQE on quantum devices, and confirm the possibility to solve them with higher efficiency, with respect to existing methods, as soon as the size of quantum hardware will be sufficiently high.
A Study on the Influencing Factors and Related Paths of Farmer’s Participation in Food Safety Governance—Based on DEMATEL- ISM-MICMAC Model
Authors: Xie Jie-Hui , Tian Fu-Jun , Li Xue-Yuan , Chen Yu-Qing , Li Shi-Yi
Published: February 2023

Farmers' participation in food safety governance is an important part of food safety social co-governance, and the accurate identification of its influencing factors and their related paths is of guiding significance to the scientific decision-making of food safety governance. The system of influencing factors of farmers' participation in food safety governance was constructed from four dimensions, and the influence network of each dimension was revealed by decision laboratory analysis (DEMATEL). The hierarchical structure and correlation path of influencing factors were determined by interpretive structural model (ISM), and the attributes of influencing factors were further classified by cross influence matrix multiplication (MICMAC). The results show that the influencing factors of farmers' participation in food safety governance can be divided into seven levels, among which the level of education and the status of village cadres are the fundamental characteristic factors. the degree of rural informatization, the intensity of government supervision, the promotion of village committees, the response of the government and the degree of disclosure of government information are the deep core factors, and risk cognition, political trust and family eating habits are special factors. Taking the importance and attribute status of farmers' participation in food safety governance into decision-making considerations is of great significance to improve the efficiency of food safety governance.
Curcumin- and Piperine-Loaded Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Comparison of the Effects on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Rezaeidian Jalal , Naseh Vahid , Entezari Maliheh , Ziyadi Hakimeh , Hashemi Mehrdad
Published: February 2023

Breast cancer is amongst the commonest cancers which can result in cancer death in women worldwide. The curcumin and piperine are both known as natural polyphenols that have anti-cancer effects. However, quick degradation and metabolism, low bioavailability, and short half-life are some serious issues with the use of curcumin and piperine. Thus, given the importance of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in cancer treatment on the one hand and to overcome the above-mentioned issues on the other, curcumin and piperine were loaded on magnetic iron nanoparticles coated with silica (Fe3O4@SiO2). Curcumin-loaded Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-curcumine), piperine-loaded Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-piperine), and curcumin/piperine-loaded Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-curcumin/piperine) were prepared by co-participation method followed by drug functionalization. The analysis of prepared magnetic nanoparticles were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and x-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Analysis approved successful loading of drugs on Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles as well as good magnetic properties of curcumin- and piperine-loaded nanoparticles. Toxic effects of novel synthesized MNPs were measured by MTT assay on MCF-7 cancer cell lines. The results of MTT assay showed that all drug-loaded nanoparticles have anticancer effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, but impact of Fe3O4@SiO2-curcumin/piperine magnetic nanoparticles are greater than Fe3O4@SiO2-curcumine and Fe3O4@SiO2-piperine with drugs used alone, approving the synergistic effect of these two drugs on MNPs. These results provide a new perspective for cancer treatment using curcumin and piperine together.
Bacterial cellulose produced by Medusomyces gisevii on glucose and sucrose: biosynthesis and structural properties
Authors: Digel Ilya , Akimbekov Nuraly , Rogachev Evgeniy , Pogorelova Natalia
Published: February 2023

In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized by Medusomyces gisevii have been studied. The culture medium was composed of different initial concentrations of glucose or sucrose dissolved in 0.4% extract of plain green tea. Parameters of the culture media (titratable acidity, substrate conversion degree etc.) were monitored daily for 20 days of cultivation. The BC pellicles produced on different carbon sources were characterized in terms of biomass yield, crystallinity and morphology by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Our results showed that Medusomyces gisevii had higher BC yields in media with sugar concentrations close to 10g∙L-1 after a 18–20 days incubation period. Glucose in general lead to a higher BC yield (173g∙L-1) compared to sucrose (163.5g∙L-1). The BC crystallinity degree and surface roughness were higher in the samples synthetized from sucrose. Obtained FE-SEM micrographs show that the BC pellicles synthesized in the sucrose media contained densely packed tangles of cellulose fibrils whereas the BC produced in the glucose media displayed rather linear geometry of the BC fibrils without noticeable aggregates.
Physics of starch system: Rheological and mechanical properties of hydrothermally modified elephant foot yam starch
Authors: Barua Sreejani , Luciano Giorgio , Ahmed Jasim , Srivas Prem Prakash , Vilgis Thomas A.
Published: February 2023

Heat moisture treatment (HMT) was used to improve the functionalities of elephant foot yam starch (EFYS) by using selected heating techniques such as hot air oven (HAO), autoclave (AL), and microwave (MW). The swelling power and solubility were reduced significantly after HMT modification, whereas an increase in amylose content was detectable after HMT modification, and the maximum changes were identified in HAO-modified EFYS (28.48%) as compared to its native counterpart (18.01%). The study demonstrates that the maximum drop in peak viscosity (1045 cP) was perceived in HAO-modified EFYS, which confirms its thermostability as compared to native (1114 cP) and other treated starches (1059 to 1098 cP). All the starch pastes exhibited shear-thinning behavior, however, isothermal heating of starch paste at 95°C revealed a rise in apparent viscosity with increasing shear rate in all HMT-modified EFYS. Large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) measurements of modified starch samples showed the predominating solid-like behavior in modified EFYS. The HAO-treated EFYS had the highest elasticity of the others, which represents the enhanced structural rigidity due to the formation of transient network structures. Furthermore, Lissajous-Bowditch plots confirmed the early deviation of the structural integrity from elastic to viscous behavior in HAO-treated EFYS. Overall, the HAO-modified EFYS showed significant improvement in functionalities and structural integrities under high shear and high oscillation strain, which infers its potential industrial applications. Based on our results, we propose specific physical models suggesting the effect of molecular structural arrangements of amylose and amylopectin expressing the essential rheological differences between native and HMT EFYS.
Dysregulated CD38 expression in blood and skin immune cells of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Dimitrion Peter , Hamzavi Iltefat , Yin Congcong , Loveless Ian , Toor Jugmohit , Subedi Kalpana , Khalasawi Namir , Huggins Richard , Adrianto Indra , Veenstra Jesse , Vellaichamy Gautham , Hans Aakash , Daveluy Steven , Athar Mohammad , Liao Wilson , Lim Henry , Ozog David , Zhou Li , Mi Qing-Sheng
Published: February 2023

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a multifactorial, inflammatory skin disease. Increased systemic inflammatory comorbidities and serum cytokines highlight systemic inflammation as a feature of HS. However, the specific immune cell subsets contributing to systemic and cutaneous inflammation have not been resolved. Here, we generated whole-blood immunomes by mass cytometry. We performed a meta-analysis of RNA-seq data, immunohistochemistry, and imaging mass cytometry to characterize the immunological landscape of skin lesions and perilesions from patients with HS. Blood from patients with HS exhibited lower frequencies of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and classical (CD14+CD16-) and nonclassical (CD14-CD16+) monocytes, as well as higher frequencies of Th17 cells and intermediate (CD14+CD16+) monocytes than blood from healthy controls. Classical and intermediate monocytes from patients with HS had increased expression of skin-homing chemokine receptors. Furthermore, we identified a CD38+ intermediate monocyte subpopulation that was more abundant in the immunome of blood from patients with HS. Meta-analysis of RNA-seq data found higher CD38 expression in lesional HS skin than in perilesional skin, and markers of classical monocyte infiltration. Imaging mass cytometry showed that CD38+ classical monocytes and CD38+ monocyte-derived macrophages were more abundant in lesional HS skin. Overall, we report targeting CD38 may be worth pursuing in clinical trials.
Direct evidence of terahertz emission arising from anomalous Hall effect
Authors: Mottamchetty Venkatesh , Rani Parul , Brucas Rimantas , Rydberg Anders , Svedlindh Peter , Gupta Rahul
Published: February 2023

A detailed understanding of the different mechanisms being responsible for terahertz (THz) emission in ferromagnetic (FM) materials will aid in designing efficient THz emitters. In this report, we present direct evidence of THz emission from single layer Co0.4Fe0.4B0.2 (CoFeB) FM thin films. The dominant mechanism being responsible for the THz emission is the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), which is an effect of a net backflow current in the FM layer created by the spin polarized current reflected at the interfaces of the FM layer. The THz emission from the AHE-based CoFeB emitter is optimized by varying its thickness, orientation, and pump fluence of the laser beam. Results from electrical transport measurements show that skew scattering of charge carriers is responsible for the THz emission in the CoFeB AHE-based THz emitter.
Inhibition of beta oscillations by delayed feedback in a cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus-pedunculopontine nucleus neural loop model
Authors: Sun Yuqin , Lü Jiali , Zhou Ye , Liu Yingpeng , Chai Yuan
Published: February 2023

Excessive neural synchronization of neural populations in the beta (β) frequency range (12-35Hz) is intimately related to the symptoms of hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have shown that delayed feedback strategies can interrupt excessive neural synchronization and thus effectively alleviate symptoms associated with PD dyskinesia. Work on optimizing delayed feedback algorithms continues to progress, yet it remains challenging to further improve the inhibitory effect with reduced energy expenditure. Therefore, we first established a neural mass model of the cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus-pedunculopontine nucleus (BGCTh-PPN) closed-loop system, which can reflect the internal properties of cortical and basal ganglia neurons and their intrinsic connections with thalamic and pedunculopontine nucleus neurons. Second, the inhibitory effects of three delayed feedback schemes based on the external globus pallidum (GPe) on β oscillations were investigated separately and compared with those based on the subthalamic nucleus (STN) only. Our results show that all four delayed feedback schemes achieve effective suppression of pathological β oscillations when using the linear delayed feedback algorithm. The comparison revealed that the three GPe-based delay strategies were able to have a greater range of oscillation suppression with reduced energy consumption, thus improving control performance effectively, suggesting that they may be more effective for the relief of Parkinson's motor symptoms in practical applications.
The Effect of Asynchronous Execution and Imperfect Communication on Max-sum Belief Propagation
Authors: Zivan Roie , Rachmut Ben , Perry Omer , Yeoh William
Published: February 2023

Max-sum is a version of belief propagation that was adapted for solving distributed constraint optimization problems (DCOPs). It has been studied theoretically and empirically, extended to versions that improve solution quality and converge rapidly, and is applicable to multiple distributed applications. The algorithm was presented both as a synchronous and an asynchronous algorithm, however, neither the differences in the performance of these two execution versions nor the implications of imperfect communication (i.e., massage delay and message loss) on the two versions, have been investigated to the best of our knowledge.
We contribute to the body of knowledge on Max-sum by: (1) Establishing the theoretical differences between the two execution versions of the algorithm, focusing on the construction of beliefs; (2) Empirically evaluating the differences between the solutions generated by the two versions of the algorithm, with and without message delay or loss; and (3) Establishing both theoretically and empirically the positive effect of damping on reducing the differences between the two versions. Our results indicate that in contrast to recent published results indicating the drastic effect that message latency has on distributed local search, damped Max-sum is robust to imperfect communication.
Performance Estimation of Polarization Multiplexed DPSK Signal Transmission over Temporally Correlated Free Space Optical Channel
Authors: Shukla Abhishek Mani , Gupta Sumanta
Published: February 2023

The performance of polarization division-multiplexing (PDM) differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulated signal transmission over a slow varying turbulence channel is estimated in this paper. The turbulent free space optical channel is simulated using a stochastic differential equation (SDE)-based numerical channel simulator that takes into account the temporal correlation effect of the channel. The SDE-based channel simulator model may significantly ease the free space optical (FSO) communication system design since it enables the simulation of channel states according to predefined first- and second-order statistics, namely channel distribution and auto-covariance. We report the performance comparison of the PDM-DPSK system over an uncorrelated fast-varying FSO channel and a time-correlated slow-varying channel. Furthermore, to incorporate the effects of polarization and phase fluctuations in the FSO link, both time-dependent and Gaussian-distributed, simulated using SDE methods. The bit error rate (BER) performance obtained from the numerical simulation of the PDM-DPSK system shows that the impact of intensity fluctuations is more severe than polarization and phase fluctuation. The power penalty relative to back-to-back (B2B) is 0.5 dB, 2.5 dB, and 7 dB for a 1 km FSO link to achieve a threshold BER of 10-3 for weak, moderate, and strong turbulence conditions, respectively, for a slow varying turbulence channel. We find that for fast-changing turbulent channels, the PDM-DPSK link can not achieve the threshold BER value, particularly for medium and strong turbulence. For weak turbulence, 2 dB more received power is required to achieve the threshold BER value. Thus, the measured BER performances of the PDM-DPSK system over a fast-varying turbulent channel are overestimated, which does not provide the actual link performance over the time-correlated turbulent channel.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder prevalence and associated factors among primary schoolchildren in Amman-Jordan
Authors: Abbasi Layali N , Mazzawi Tarek , Abasi Lamees , Ali Sara Haj , Alqudah Abdallah
Published: February 2023

Objective
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired levels of inattention, disorganization and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of ADHD among primary schoolchildren in Jordan and assess potential risk factors.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022-2023 on 1563 schoolchildren, aged 6 to 12 years. ADHD was assessed using parent and teacher versions of Conners Rating scale. Risk factors were evaluated through a sociodemographic questionnaire. P-value set at < .05 considered statistically significant.
Results
ADHD prevalence based on parents’ and teachers’ perspectives was 27.7% and 22.5%, respectively. Males, smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight, low parental education and unemployment, and public schools had increased ADHD rates.
Conclusion
ADHD presents a major problem among primary schoolchildren in Jordan. Early detection, prevention, and management of this disease require parents' and teachers' awareness and risk factor control.
Reactions of group IIB metals with hydrogen fluoride: Mechanisms and Kinetic investigations
Authors: Yu Qinwei , Yang Jianming , Liang Peng-Yu , Zhang Hai-Rong , Gao Ge , Yuan Yongna , Dou Wei , Zhou Pan-Pan
Published: February 2023

Hydrogen fluoride and hydrofluoric acid are corrosive toward most metals, to understand the detailed reaction mechanisms and kinetics, theoretical investigations of the reactions of group IIB metals (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) with hydrogen fluoride (HF) at different temperatures were carried out. The calculated results suggest that the reactions goes through two steps including the oxidation reaction between M (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) and one HF molecule in the formation of MF and the further oxidation of MF by the other HF molecule to form final product MF2. The temperature influences the reaction process, but it has little effect on the geometries of the reactant, complex, intermediate, transition state and product. The kinetic parameters including the pre-exponential factor A, activation energy Ea and reaction rate k for the reactions of group IIB metals (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) and HF at different temperatures were calculated, and the expressions of reaction rates k for the reactions between HF and M to form MF and then MF2 (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) were derived. It is expected that the results will provide valuable insights into the chemical reactions of metals and HF, the mechanisms of corrosion and the kinetics.
Serum Neopterin Level in Psoriatic Patients treated with Acitretin or Narrowband Ultraviolet B or Both
Authors: Hegazy‬‏ ‪Eisa , Eltaib Moustafa A. , Mohammed Abdallah , Ibrahim Ahmed , Younis Ali Mohamed. , Elsayed Fatma , Ibrahim Hassan
Published: February 2023

Background
A biological indicator of cellular immunity is neopterin. In certain studies, psoriasis patients had higher serum and urine neopterin levels, which reduced following therapy.
Aims
To evaluate effect of acitretin versus Narrowband UVB and combination of them on psoriasis vulgaris and correlate it with neopterin level.
Patients and methods:
In this case-control research, a total of 120 respondents (30 healthy volunteers served as the control group in addition to 90 psoriasis patients randomly allocated into three equal groups: Group (I): 30 patients were received Acitretin for 3months. Group (II): 30 patients were treated with NB-UVB. Group (III): 30 patients were received Acitretin and Narrowband UVB (3session /week) for 3 months. Serum neopterin levels were be measured pre and post treatment. All patients were clinically and photographically evaluated using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI score.
Results
In this study, statistically significant higher serum neopterin levels have been found in psoriatic patients than healthy controls. We found a significant decrease in PASI scores was detected in all groups. The relative reduction percentage in the PASI score was substantially different between groups (p < 0.001). The highest decrease percentage in PASI score was reported in group III compared to group II (NB-UVB) and group I (Acitretin group), p < 0.001). The median s. neopterin levels after treatment varied substantially amongst the three groups (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
When compared to healthy controls, serum neopterin levels in psoriatic patients were substantially greater (p < 0.05).
Conformational antigenic heterogeneity as a cause of the persistent fraction in HIV-1 neutralization
Authors: Colin Philippe , Ringe Rajesh P. , Yasmeen Anila , Ozorowski Gabriel , Ketas Thomas J. , Lee Wen-Hsin , Ward Andrew B. , Moore John P. , Klasse P.J.
Published: February 2023

Background
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) protect against HIV-1 acquisition in animal models and show promise in treatment of infection. They act by binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), thereby blocking its receptor interactions and fusogenic function. The potency of neutralization is largely determined by affinity. Less well explained is the persistent fraction, the plateau of remaining infectivity at the highest antibody concentrations.
Results
We observed different persistent fractions for NAb neutralization of pseudovirus derived from two Tier-2 isolates of HIV-1, BG505 (Clade A) and B41 (Clade B): it was pronounced for B41 but not BG505 neutralization by NAb PGT151, directed to the interface between the outer and transmembrane subunits of Env, but negligible for either virus by NAb PGT145 to an apical epitope. Autologous neutralization by poly- and monoclonal NAbs from rabbits immunized with soluble native-like B41 trimer also left substantial persistent fractions. These NAbs largely target a cluster of epitopes in a hole in the dense glycan shield of Env around residue 289. We partially depleted B41-virion populations by incubating them with PGT145- or PGT151-conjugated beads. Each depletion reduced the sensitivity to the depleting NAb and enhanced it to the other. Autologous neutralization by the rabbit NAbs was reduced for PGT145-depleted and enhanced for PGT151-depleted B41 pseudovirus. Those changes in sensitivity encompassed both potency and the persistent fraction. We then compared soluble native-like BG505 and B41 Env trimers affinity-purified by one of three NAbs: 2G12, PGT145, or PGT151. Surface plasmon resonance showed differences among the fractions in antigenicity, including kinetics and stoichiometry, congruently with the differential neutralization. The large persistent fraction after PGT151 neutralization of B41 was attributable to low stoichiometry, which we explained structurally by the conformational plasticity of B41 Env.
Conclusion
Distinct antigenic forms even of clonal HIV-1 Env, detectable among soluble native-like trimer molecules, are distributed over virions and may profoundly mold neutralization of certain isolates by certain NAbs. Affinity purifications with some antibodies may yield immunogens that preferentially expose epitopes for broadly active NAbs, while shielding less cross-reactive ones. NAbs reactive with multiple conformers will together reduce the persistent fraction after passive and active immunization.
Deep Learning approach for Arabic Healthcare: MedicalBot
Authors: Abdelhay Mohammed , Mohammed Ammar , Hefny Hesham A.
Published: February 2023

Intelligent healthcare has made significant progress using artificial intelligence (AI) methods. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare service has gained more attention, particularly remote and automated healthcare consultation. Medical bots are becoming increasingly popular for obtaining medical advice and support. Medical bots offer numerous benefits, making them an attractive option for patients and healthcare providers. They provide 24/7 access to medical advice, reduce appointment wait times by providing quick answers to common questions or concerns, and cost savings associated with fewer visits or tests required for diagnosis and treatment plans. The outcome of the medical bot depends upon the learning quality. Thereby depends on the appropriate corpus within the domain of interest. Arabic is one of the most commonly used languages for sharing users' internet content. Developing a medical bot on Arabic faces many challenges: including the morphological composition of the language, the diversity of dialects, and the need for appropriate corpora in the domain. Thus, this paper's main contribution is introducing the largest Arabic Healthcare Q&A dataset, called (MAQA). The dataset consists of more than 430k questions distributed into 20 medical specializations. Also, the paper adopts three deep learning models, LSTM, Bi-LSTM, and transformers, for experimenting and benchmarking the proposed corpus MAQA. The experimental results indicate that the recent Transformer model, with an average cosine similarity of 80.81% and BLeU score of 58%, outperforms the traditional deep learning models.
A laser-based sensor for selective detection of benzene, acetylene, and carbon dioxide in the fingerprint region
Authors: Mhanna Mhanna , Sy Mohamed , Elkhazraji Ali , Farooq Aamir
Published: February 2023

A mid-infrared laser-based sensor is designed and demonstrated for trace detection of benzene, acetylene, and carbon dioxide at ambient conditions. The sensor is based on a distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (DFB-QCL) emitting near 14.84 µm. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) and a multidimensional linear regression algorithm were employed to enable interference-free measurements of the target species. The laser wavelength was tuned over 673.8–675.1 cm-1 by a sine-wave injection current at 1 kHz repetition rate. Minimum detection limits of 0.22, 5.92, and 8.32 ppm were achieved for benzene, acetylene, and carbon dioxide, respectively. The developed sensor is insensitive to interference from overlapping absorbance spectra, and its performance was demonstrated by measuring the target species in known mixture samples. The sensor can be used to detect tiny leaks of the target species in petrochemical facilities and to monitor air quality in residential and industrial areas.
Use of bacterial biocontrol agents for the control of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lycopersici, tomato wilt in Kenya
Authors: Muigai Monicah , Odhiambo Nixon Odiwuor , Muli Joshua Kiilu , Mugweru Julius , Mwirichia Romano
Published: February 2023

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp Lycopersici is a serious plant pathogen responsible for over 80% yield loss in tomatoes. The disease is mainly controlled by use of synthetic chemicals which may be harmful to bothhumans and the environment. In this study, we report on the potential use of antagonistic bacteria in controlling fusarium wilt. First, we isolated and characterized fungi from tomato plants with wilt symptoms. Analysis of the ITS gene showed that they were affiliated to the genus Fusarium, Alternaria, Plectosphaerella, Aspergillus, Gibellulopsis, Trichoderma, Papiliotrema, Rhodotorula, Mucor, Ustilago, Sporothrixand Cumuliphoma. We then then screened 20 bacterial isolates recovered from soils collected around the tomato plants for antagonistic activity against F.oxysporum using soft agar overlay method. Bacterial isolates showing inhibition zone diameters >3mm and consistent in reducing mycelial growth of the pathogen were characterized further and subsequently used for field experiments which were conducted during the short rain season in 2021 and 2022. Phylogenetically, they were affiliated to Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Brevibacillus laterosporus, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus poriaewhereas one of the isolates was identified as Myroides odoratimimus. The isolates grew at an optimum salt concentration of 5 - 10 % (w/v), pH range of 5 - 8 and a temperature of 30 °C. Results from the field experiments showed that all selected strains provided a significant reduction in disease incidence on average for both years from day 14 [14.4% (s.e. 3.49)], day 28 [15.9% (s.e. 3.44)] and day 42 [15.2% (2.825)] respectively. Therefore, these isolates are good candidates for the development of effective biocontrol agents against F. oxysporum f.sp Lycopersici affecting tomatoes.
Genetic variability and recombination of the NSP2 gene of PRRSV-2 strains in China from 1996 to 2021
Authors: Zhang Hang , Zheng Ya-jie , Luo Qing , Sha Hui-yang , Zhang Gui-hong , Huang Liang-zong , Zhao Mengmeng
Published: February 2023

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is among the most potent infectious diseases that detrimentally affect the pig industry worldwide. The disease, which is typically difficult to control, is an immunosuppressive disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The genome of which (notably the NSP2 gene) undergoes rapid mutation. In this study, we sought to determine the genetic variation in the PRRSV-2 NSP2 gene in China from 1996 to 2021. Strain information was obtained from the GenBank database and analyzed from a molecular epidemiological perspective. We compared the nucleotide and amino acid homologies of the NSP2 sequences of different PRRSV-2 lineages, and examined phylogenetic relationships based on an analysis of the NSP2 sequences of 122 strains. The results revealed that NADC-30-like strains, which are represented by lineage 1, and HP-PRRSV strains, which are represented by lineage 8, were the most prevalent in China from 1996 to 2021. Close similarities were detected in the genetic evolution of lineages 3, 5, and 8. For nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons, we selected representative strains from each lineage, and for the NSP2 among different PRRSV-2 strains, we accordingly detected homologies of 72.5–99.8% and 63.9–99.4% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, thereby indicating certain differences in the degrees of NSP2 amino acid and nucleotide variation. Based on amino acid sequence comparisons, we identified deletions, insertions, and substitutions at multiple sites among the NSP2 sequences of PRRSV-2 strains. Recombination analysis revealed the occurrence of five recombinant events among the 135 selected PRRSV-2 strains, and that there is a high probability of recombination of lineage 1 strains. The findings of this study enabled us to gain an in-depth understanding of the prevalence of PRRSV in China over the past 25 years, and will contribute to providing a theoretical basis for prevention and control of the spread of PRRSV.
Effects of Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass on Postoperative Infarction Rates Among Young Children (≤5 years old) with Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Takasu Syuntaro , Kanamori Fumiaki , Hatano Norikazu , Seki Yukio , Saito Ryuta
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Revascularization surgery for young children with moyamoya disease (MMD) is challenging. Although indirect revascularization is preferred because of the technical difficulty in direct anastomosis, higher risks of postoperative infarction remain a problem. We aimed to investigate the effect of superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass on postoperative outcomes during the acute postoperative period in young children ≤ 5 years old with MMD.

Methods

This retrospective study included consecutive young children with MMD who underwent surgical revascularization of the anterior cerebral circulation. Groups were determined according to the procedures performed, namely, the combined (STA-MCA bypass with indirect revascularization) and the indirect revascularization groups. The incidences of radiological or symptomatic infarction, transient neurological events, and new neurological deficits that remained at discharge were compared between groups.

Results

Of 39 surgical procedures, there were 23 combined and 16 indirect revascularizations. The median age of the patients was 3.0 years, which was significantly different between groups (P < .01). When comparing the postoperative outcomes between groups, the incidences of radiological and symptomatic infarction and new neurological deficits that remained at discharge were significantly lower in the combined revascularization group (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis found that surgical modality was a statistically significant independent risk factor associated with radiological and symptomatic infarctions (indirect/combined; odds ratio: 7.97; 95% confidence interval: 1.11–57.2; P < .05).

Conclusion

STA-MCA bypass combined with indirect revascularization can reduce the incidence of postoperative infarction in young children with MMD and might lead to better neurological outcomes.
Global existence and blow-up for multi-species chemotaxis model in a two-dimensional bounded domain
Authors: Lin Ke , Zhong Hua
Published: February 2023

This paper deals with the global solvability and finite-time blow-up for both parabolic-elliptic and parabolic-parabolic multi-species chemotaxis models in a two-dimensional bounded domain. In the absence of conflicts, the solution to the initial boundary value problem exists globally for any large initial data if the self-repelling effects are strong enough. However, a critical mass phenomenon nearly exists when all pairs attract mutually. More precisely, the globally bounded solution appears in the sub-critical mass condition, while the finite-time blow-up occurs in the super-critical mass condition. The proof of global well-posedness to the solution relies on the logarithmic Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality for system and the Moser-Trudinger inequality for system on the bounded domain.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 35A01, 35B44, 35K20, 35K55, 92C17.