bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-frequency seismic responses during microbial biofilm formation in sands
Authors: Ta Xuan Hien , Abbasi Babak , Muhunthan Balasingam , Noh Dong-Hwa , Kwon Tae-Hyuk
Published: October 2021

This study investigates changes in low-frequency attenuation responses of sands during microbial formation of soft viscous biofilms, or extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The resonant column experiments were conducted with two model bacteria Shewanella oneidensis MR1 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, while monitoring changes in the wave velocities and damping ratios associated with EPS formation in sands. The results show that the accumulation of soft, viscous EPS hardly changes the wave velocities, both the shear and flexural modes. By contrast, the low-frequency attenuations, both torsional and flexural damping ratios, show significant increases with the accumulation of highly viscous EPS. It is found that the contribution of EPS to seismic responses of water-saturated sands is mainly limited to the pore fluid component, causing additional energy dissipation during wave propagation, but with no or minimal impact on skeletal stiffness or no involvement in seismic stress transfer. With these unique and unprecedented low-frequency seismic data of biofilm-associated sands, the results suggest that the formation and accumulation of soft, viscous EPS or biofilms by bacterial activities can be detected by monitoring seismic attenuation and can also alter the seismic attenuation responses of sands, such as the case under earthquake loading or blast-induced compaction.
Composite cements: synergistic effects of particle packing and pozzolanicity
Authors: Duraisamy Vijayakumar , Athira Gopinath , Bahurudeen Abdulsalam , Nanthagopalan Prakash
Published: October 2021

The production of cement is a carbon dioxide-intensive process. Replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with industrial by-products can bring down the carbon footprint associated with cement production. Various industrial residues are currently used as alternative cementitious materials in this regard. However, developing a low carbon dioxide composite cement with different pozzolans alters the packing density, which influences its properties. Although studies have been conducted on the use of fly ash and slag at lower cement replacement levels, studies on the packing density and strength of ternary and quaternary composite cements with higher replacement levels are limited. In this study, fly ash, blast-furnace slag, ultra-fine fly ash and ultra-fine slag are used as a partial replacement for cement in various proportions. Out of the 51 mixtures tested in the study, 11 combinations were selected, based on the maximum packing density, for further investigations on fresh and hardened properties to arrive at the best trade-off between cement reduction and desired properties. The early-age strength is influenced by the packing density of composite cements, whereas the later-age strength is found to be highly governed by the amount of OPC and the pozzolanic potential of the industrial by-products.
Behaviour of soft soils following soil mixing in controlled and uncontrolled environments
Authors: Sivakumar Vinayagamoothy , Walker Sian , Ewart Adam , Doherty Ciaran , Donohue Shane
Published: October 2021

Soil mixing is considered to be effective for a range of applications and the required design specifications can be achieved by varying the percentage of additives, commonly cement and lime. This paper describes the results of a comprehensive laboratory investigation involving the assessment of cement/lime treatments for improving the geotechnical characteristics of three different soft clays: kaolin, sleech and Belfast clay. The investigation is coupled with an assessment of the durability of the treated soil and the effects of water ingress after treatment. Observations showed that the large-strain Young's modulus increased significantly with curing period after 28 days. The evolution of the small-strain shear stiffness was progressive, and all soils exhibited a steady increase in stiffness, the rate of which reduced as the curing period approached 7 days. The relative increase in strength of the different soils was highly variable. It is postulated that suction was one of the contributors to undrained shear strength gain. When allowed access to water, strength and stiffness increased, although at a much reduced rate. The stress–strain behaviour of kaolin also changed from ductile when untreated to highly brittle as the curing period approached 90 days.
Public value capture capacity in the urban renewal project process: Fikirtepe case
Authors: Tarakci Sezen , Turk Sevkiye Sence
Published: October 2021

Public value capture is defined as the capture of the increase in value that occurs as a result of plan decisions, changes in land-use functions and/or infrastructure investments. Despite the high-value capture capacity of urban renewal projects, value capture cannot be achieved in all urban renewal areas depending on differences in the projects. The aim of this study is to examine public value capture capacity in a renewal project area centrally located, offering high housing demand and supply, and enabling high development rights. The study is based on a scenario work in the Fikirtepe Urban Renewal Project in Istanbul (Turkey). In this study, public value capture capacity is examined by taking into consideration each stage in the urban renewal process. In the process, ‘land contribution’ from the land of property owners, and ‘the infrastructure participation fee’ are taken according to plan notes and these can be evaluated within the scope of public value capture. However, these are limited to only 1.8% of the total real estate value. The capturing of the public value remained quite limited in an urban renewal area such as Fikirtepe that has a high-value capture capacity. This hinders the economic viability of urban renewal projects.
Effect of laser texturing pattern on Ti6Al4V tribocorrosion in a physiological solution
Authors: Conradi Marjetka , Kosec Tadeja , Podgornik Bojan , Kocijan Aleksandra , Kovač Janez , Klobčar Damjan
Published: October 2021

Laser texturing is a process that alters a material’s surface properties by modifying its morphology, which can improve properties like adherence, wettability, thermal and electrical conductivity and friction. Here, the effect of laser texturing was studied on an alpha-beta titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) biomedical material. Two types of patterned surfaces, cross-hatch with varying scan-line separations, Δx = 100, 180 and 280 µm and dimples of 200 µm size, were prepared on the surface of alpha-beta titanium alloy by laser technology. Prepared samples were characterised for their surface properties, such as corrosion, wear-induced corrosion, friction and wettability. Electrochemical and tribocorrosion properties in a physiological solution were studied on the samples with different texture densities of cross-hatch pattern and dimples and compared to the as-received alpha-beta titanium alloy surface. Corrosion rate decreased for laser-textured samples, especially for cross-hatch texture (down to 1 µm/year for Δx = 180 µm) when compared to the as-received alpha-beta titanium alloy surface due to the changed laser-induced surface film and wetting properties. Friction coefficient slightly decreased for all laser-textured surfaces, most noticeably for cross-hatch patterns, from 0.38 (as-received) down to 0.34 (Δx = 180 and 280 µm). The main contribution to total wear in physiological solution increased due to the mechanical wear, which is governed by the removal of the surface oxide layer induced by laser texturing.
Assessing the sustainability of municipal solid waste management using life-cycle analysis
Authors: Patel Kulvendra , Singh Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Various municipal solid waste management (MSWM) technologies were evaluated using life-cycle analysis (LCA). The study aimed to compare different MSWM approaches: landfill with composting, anaerobic digestion (AD) combined with landfill, incineration and AD combined with incineration. The Impact 2002 + approach and Simapro 9.1.1.1 software using the Ecoinvent v3.6 database were used to compare environmental impacts. The study showed that landfill with composting had the highest environmental impact due to its high potential of global warming and depletion in ecosystem quality, while other scenarios showed reduced impacts. AD combined with incineration was found to have least environmental impact, mainly due to energy recovery from AD. The goal of the study was to determine more environmentally sustainable alternatives for MSWM using LCA within the system boundary.
LINGUAGEM AUDIOVISUAL NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES:
Authors: Freire de Sá Cristiane
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma discussão teórica baseada nas contribuições da Linguagem Audiovisual e do Design Educacional Complexo (DEC), desenvolvido por Freire (2013), visando contribuirpara a formação de professores na produção de vídeos educacionais. Com a emergência da pandemia por covid-19, o aumento no uso de vídeos nos processos educacionais evidenciou, ainda mais, os desafios docentes na produção audiovisual, embora antes da pandemia esses desafios já pudessem ser observados. Autores como Wohlgemuth (2005) e Rizzo Junior (2011) haviam problematizado a produção de vídeos educacionais; outros pesquisadores, como Priuli (2017) e Rojo e Moura (2012), aprofundaram a questão da linguagem audiovisual como relevante para a prática docente e, em especial, para a formação de professores que, neste momento, estão atuando pelo ensino remoto. Os trabalhos mencionadosindicam que, além do desenvolvimento das técnicas de edição e publicação de vídeos, pode haver a necessidade de se formar professores para compreender a linguagem audiovisual, que é uma das linguagens cada vez mais presentes na contemporaneidade. É nessa perspectiva que este trabalhovisa contribuir para ampliar a habilidade dos professores quanto ao uso da linguagem audiovisual, em razão do seu potencial comunicativo.
Testing significance of random effects for the Wiener degradation model
Authors:   OOO “Eco-Tomsk”, Russian Federation, Chetvertakova Evgeniia S. , Chimitova Ekaterina V. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

This paper considers the Wiener degradation model with random effects. Random-effect models take into account the unit-to-unit variability of the degradation index. It is assumed that a random parameter has a truncated normal distribution. During the research, the expression for the maximum likelihood estimates and the reliability function has been obtained. Two statistical tests have been proposed to reveal the existence of random effects in degradation data corresponding to the Wiener degradation model. The first test is a well-known likelihood ratio test, and the second one is based on the variance estimate of the random parameter. These tests have been compared in terms of power with the Monte-Carlo simulation method. The result of the research has shown that the criterion based on the variance estimate of the random parameter is more powerful than the likelihood ratio test in the case of the considered pairs of competing hypotheses. An example of the analysis using the proposed tests for the turbofan engine degradation data has been considered. The data set includes the measurements recorded from 18 sensors for 100 engines. Before constructing the degradation model, the single degradation index has been obtained using the principal component method. The hypothesis of the random effect insignificance in the model has been rejected for both tests. It has been shown that the random-effect Wiener degradation model describes the failure time distribution more accurately than the fixed-effect Wiener degradation model.
Optimization of DC motor speed control based on fuzzy logic-PID controller
Authors:   Northern Technichal University, Mosul, Iraq, Sheet Amer Farhan
Published: October 2021

In this paper the PID controller and the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) are used to control the speed of separately excited DC motors. The proportional, integral and derivate (KP, KI, KD) gains of the PID controller are adjusted according to Fuzzy Logic rules. The FLC cotroller is designed according to fuzzy rules so that the system is fundamentally robust. Twenty-five fuzzy rules for self-tuning of each parameter of the PID controller are considered. The FLC has two inputs; the first one is the motor speed error (the difference between the reference and actual speed) and the second one is a change in the speed error (speed error derivative). The output of the FLC, i.e. the parameters of the PID controller, are used to control the speed of the separately excited DC Motor. This study shows that the precisiom feature of the PID controllers and the flexibllity feature of the fuzzy controller are presented in the fuzzy self-tuning PID controller. The fuzzy self – tuning approach implemented on the conventional PID structure improved the dynamic and static response of the system. The salient features of both conventional and fuzzy self-tuning controller outputs are explored by simulation using MATLAB. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed self-tuned PID controller i.plementd a good dynamic behavior of the DC motor i.e. perfect speed tracking with a settling time, minimum overshoot and minimum steady state errorws.
Technology of key feature identification in malware API calls sequences
Authors:   Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Voronin Vladimir V. , Morozov Aleksey V. ,   Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Today, almost everyone is faced with computer security problems in one or another way. Antivirus programs are used to control threats to the security of malicious software. Conventional methods for detecting malware are no longer effective enough; nowadays, neural networks and behavioral analysis technology have begun to be used for these purposes. Analyzing the behavior of programs is a difficult task, since there is no clear sequence of actions to accurately identify a program as malicious. In addition, such programs use measures to resist such detection, for example, noise masking the sequence of their work with meaningless actions. There is also the problem of uniquely identifying the class of malware due to the fact that malware can use similar methods, while being assigned to different classes. In this paper, it is proposed to use NLP methods, such as word embedding, and LDA in relation to the problems of analyzing malware API calls sequences in order to reveal the presence of semantic dependencies and assess the effectiveness of the application of these methods. The results obtained indicate the possibility of identifying the key features of malware behavior, which in the future will significantly improve the technology for detecting and identifying such programs.
Recognition of Russian and Indian Sign Languages Based on Machine Learning
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Grif Mikhail G. , Elakkiya R. ,   SASTRA Deemed University, School of Computing, CSE, Tamil Nadu, Thanjavur, India, Prikhodko Alexey L. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Bakaev Maxim А. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Rajalakshmi E. ,   SASTRA Deemed University, School of Computing, CSE, Tamil Nadu, Thanjavur, India
Published: October 2021

In the paper, we consider recognition of sign languages (SL) with a particular focus on Russian and Indian SLs. The proposed recognition system includes five components: configuration, orientation, localization, movement and non-manual markers. The analysis uses methods of recognition of individual gestures and continuous sign speech for Indian and Russian sign languages (RSL). To recognize individual gestures, the RSL Dataset was developed, which includes more than 35,000 files for over 1000 signs. Each sign was performed with 5 repetitions and at least by 5 deaf native speakers of the Russian Sign Language from Siberia. To isolate epenthesis for continuous RSL, 312 sentences with 5 repetitions were selected and recorded on video. Five types of movements were distinguished, namely, "No gesture", "There is a gesture", "Initial movement", "Transitional movement", "Final movement". The markup of sentences for highlighting epenthesis was carried out on the Supervisely.ly platform. A recurrent network architecture (LSTM) was built, implemented using the TensorFlow Keras machine learning library. The accuracy of correct recognition of epenthesis was 95 %. The work on a similar dataset for the recognition of both individual gestures and continuous Indian sign language (ISL) is continuing. To recognize hand gestures, the mediapipe holistic library module was used. It contains a group of trained neural network algorithms that allow obtaining the coordinates of the key points of the body, palms and face of a person in the image. The accuracy of 85 % was achieved for the verification data. In the future, it is necessary to significantly increase the amount of labeled data. To recognize non-manual components, a number of rules have been developed for certain movements in the face. These rules include positions for the eyes, eyelids, mouth, tongue, and head tilt.
Comparison of numbers and analysis of overflow in modular arithmetic
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Guzhov Vladimir I. , Marchenko Ilya O. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Trubilina Ekaterina E. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Khaidukov Dmitry S. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The method of modular arithmetic consists in operating not with a number, but with its remainders after division by some integers. In the modular number system or the number system in the residual classes, a multi-bit integer in the positional number system is represented as a sequence of several positional numbers. These numbers are the remainders (residues) of dividing the original number into some modules that are mutually prime integers. The advantage of the modular representation is that it is very simple to perform addition, subtraction and multiplication operations. In parallel execution of operations, the use of modular arithmetic can significantly reduce the computation time. However, there are drawbacks to modular representation that limit its use. These include a slow conversion of numbers from modular to positional representation; the complexity of comparing numbers in modular representation; the difficulty in performing the division operation; and the difficulty of determining the presence of an overflow. The use of modular arithmetic is justified if there are fast algorithms for calculating a number from a set of remainders. This article describes a fast algorithm for converting numbers from modular representation to positional representation based on a geometric approach. The review is carried out for the case of a comparison system with two modules. It is also shown that as a result of increasing numbers in positional calculus, they successively change in a spiral on the surface of a two-dimensional torus. Based on this approach, a fast algorithm for comparing numbers and an algorithm for detecting an overflow during addition and multiplication of numbers in modular representation were developed. Consideration for the multidimensional case is possible when analyzing a multidimensional torus and studying the behavior of the turns on its surface.
Method for encryption of cartographic images on the basis of internal reorganization of the digital filter structure
Authors:   Branch of the National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute in Smolensk, Russian Federation, Zhbanov Igor L. , Zhbanova Vera L. ,   Branch of the National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute in Smolensk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The paper presents a method for encrypting geo-images based on the reorganization of the internal structure of the filter. Methods for digital image filtering in the MATLAB environment are taken as a basis. The essence of encryption is to control the aliasing of noise and the kernel of smearing. Knowing these values will allow the addressee to recover the transmitted cards with minimal interference, which will be unattainable for the data interceptor. Under conditions of unfavorable factors, conditions sometimes arise that lead to the loss of information content of images and, as a consequence, damage to information. Therefore, the development of methods to minimize their influence is an urgent task of the study. Thus, one of the approaches to the construction of spatial filters with a controlled structure is proposed for the selection of contrasting images in noises of different intensities. The procedure for converting any spatial filter from an initial display to a form that allows you to control its internal state is described. The obtained results of the original and transformed images make it possible to draw conclusions about the possibility of practical application of the proposed invariant spatial filter in the blocks for analyzing the original image. The method can be used to transfer photo, video messages and text information between consumers using data transmission systems for any purpose. Due to the factorial dependence, it is very problematic for information interceptors to find the required resulting position of all image encryption parameters (sizes, type of the distortion function, regularization parameters α and σ) for information interceptors, since the computational costs are not commensurate with the capabilities of modern computers. This can be used to transfer photo, video messages and text information between consumers using data transmission systems for any purpose, especially when transferring cartographic information.
Intelligent search for accurate solutions to the planning open-pit mining
Authors:   Institute for Informatics and Mathematical Modeling, a subdivision of the Federal Research Centre “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (IIMM KSC RAS), Apatity, Russian Federation, Zuenko Aleksandr A. , Makedonov Roman A. ,   Institute for Informatics and Mathematical Modeling, a subdivision of the Federal Research Centre “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (IIMM KSC RAS), Apatity, Russian Federation, Oleynik Yuri A. ,   Institute for Informatics and Mathematical Modeling, a subdivision of the Federal Research Centre “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (IIMM KSC RAS), Apatity, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

A method of intelligent search for accurate solutions to the planning of open-pit mining has been developed. The method is implemented within the framework of the Constraint Programming Paradigm that allows us to process heterogeneous qualitative and quantitative constraints (in particular, economic, technological, etc.) simultaneously, as well as to maintain the model of subject domain being developed which is open to adding new constraints or deleting existing constraints. Various constraints can be added to the model, including those for which it is difficult to find a suitable analytical expression. In contrast to existing methods of local search the proposed method systematically explores the search space. The method allows us to find a global optimum in large dimensional spaces that describe practically significant problems arising in production. Currently, to solve this problem, the methods of integer linear programming are widely used. But its fundamental disadvantage is the need to represent all the constraints in the form of linear equalities and inequalities. However, in practice, some combinatorial optimization problems cannot be linearized and solved using traditional methods of mathematical programming. The developed method is illustrated by the example of a three-dimensional problem of finding the position of an intermediate pit wall by the processing periods taking into account the specified performance for mineral and overburden rocks and the objective profit function taking into account discounting. The types of constraints necessary for modeling the problem under consideration are identified. The possibility of applying the existing inference procedures on constraints is considered for these types. The method proposed makes it possible to obtain accurate solutions due to the intellectualization of the solution process by using highly efficient algorithms of reducing the search space for each type of constraints and specialized heuristics for pruning unpromising alternatives in the search tree.
Processo de desinstitucionalização no município de Maceió, Alagoas: estudo documental
Authors: Oliveira Andriely de Souza , Martins Gonçalves Helcimara , Tszesnioski Luíse de Cássia
Published: October 2021

OBJETIVO: Descrever como ocorreu o processo de desinstitucionalização e a implantação dos serviços residenciais terapêuticos no município de Maceió-AL. MÉTODOS: Estudo documental de natureza exploratória e abordagem qualitativa, realizado na Gerência de Atenção Psicossocial da secretaria municipal de saúde, no período de julho a setembro de 2020. Foram utilizados documentos oficiais de fontes escritas primárias, pertinentes ao processo de desinstitucionalização, assim como suas legislações. RESULTADOS: Foram implantados sete serviços residenciais terapêuticos até 2018 e há necessidade de mais quatro. Todo o processo ocorreu por meio de ação civil pública. O município aponta perspectiva de ampliação desse serviço para continuar o processo de desinstitucionalização. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O processo de desinstitucionalização vem ocorrendo gradativamente no município de Maceió-AL e a implantação das residências terapêuticas foi de grande avanço para a área de saúde mental da região. Contudo, o número de serviços ofertados, assim como a implantação dos outros dispositivos territoriais, ainda é insuficiente para atender à demanda da população com transtorno psiquiátrico.
Protocolos de Prevenção Epidemiológica através de Estratégias de Gestão Territorial
Authors: Arriagada Carlos Andrés Hernández , Lazareti Bruna Loporchio
Published: October 2021

Com a pandemia do COVID-19, o modo de viver em sociedade foi afetado e consequentemente a gestão urbana das zonas portuárias e seus territórios foi modificado. Através da avaliação do processo de surgimento do vírus e o modo gestacional da cidade de Santos, aderindo o recorte de estudo junto ao Bairro e Setor Portuário do Valongo, foram identificadas uma série de características que apontam para possíveis condições de serem aplicadas estratégias projetuais para o fomento e melhoria da área em um cenário pós pandêmico. Ao pesquisar possíveis estratégias para a reestruturação e medidas que gerem uma maior urbanidade por meio de protocolos de saúde e de normativas específicas para a infraestrutura portuária, visto as medidas emergenciais contra a doença do COVID-19, o Porto Valongo se posiciona como uma oportunidade territorial que melhore não somente os aspectos urbanos, mas concomitantemente a sua estrutura econômica e a funcionalidade da infraestrutura portuária.
Planejamento urbano sustentável
Authors: Figueiredo Ana Carolina Carvalho , Xavier Gabriel Henrique Santos , Insuela Tarsila Akamine
Published: October 2021

O crescimento da população urbana nos últimos anos representou um incremento sem precedentes às cidades e tem ampliado as pressões sobre o ambiente pelo mundo. Em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, este aumento populacional se mostra ainda mais preocupante pela visível falta de sustentabilidade. Enquanto o desenvolvimento sustentável assinala a importância do equilíbrio entre instâncias econômicas, ambientais e sociais, cidades brasileiras veem parte da população ocupando áreas irregulares, sem infraestrutura básica ou sujeitas a desastres ambientais. Mesmo a produção de habitação de interesse social pelo Estado está historicamente atrelada à quantidade de moradias descolada da qualidade destas e do entorno. Considera-se, ainda, o cenário de pandemia da Covid 19 no qual a Organização Mundial de Saúde orienta minimizar deslocamentos urbanos e revela a necessidade de bairros equipados e planejados. Neste contexto, o presente artigo objetiva apontar o estado da arte sobre iniciativas de planejamento urbano sustentável no cenário brasileiro, bem como assinalar a importância da análise do entorno imediato na implantação de moradias populares. Finalmente, pretende analisar o entorno urbano de uma área destinada a habitações de interesse social em Santo André- SP, considerando parâmetros de sustentabilidade, bem como recomendações orientadas pela pandemia. Para tal, são utilizadas as ferramentas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, bem como o estudo de caso. Os resultados, que são parte de uma pesquisa de iniciação científica em desenvolvimento, assinalam a necessidade da formulação de planos urbanos sustentáveis em áreas de habitação social para minimizar os impactos tanto usuais quanto em situações extremas.
Impactos Pandêmicos ao Turismo de zonas geográficas litorâneas, estratégias de prevenção para o litoral norte.
Authors: Costa Alessandra dos Santos , Arriagada Carlos Andrés Hernández
Published: October 2021

A presente investigação busca compreender as novas faces do turismo no período do ano de 2020 em decorrência da falência dos processos econômicos, sociais e territoriais na escala geográfica do Litoral Norte, tendo como caso de estudo a cidade de Ilhabela, no litoral brasileiro. Este fenômeno que assolou globalmente diversas sociedades e zonas urbanas cujas características de alta volatilidade propiciou a necessidade por meio das novas interações humanas, diversas adaptações aos serviços e gerações econômicas ao longo do mundo. A fenomenologia deste fato é oriunda do processo pandêmico ocasionado pelo COVID-19, impactando os meios de sobrevivência, as zonas urbanas e suas diversas escalas produtivas e gerando uma fragmentação entre o consumo da imagem de um território, o atrativo da sobrevivência humana baseado no ócio e o grande número de redução de conectividades entre zonas de alta demanda turística. O trabalho se colocou em compreender a macro situação e ensaiar soluções temporais por meio de estratégias que permitam ao longo deste período propiciar melhorias estruturais e fomentar novos protocolos para a saúde pública. Assim, o caso de Ilhabela se coloca como um possível expoente para um modelo nacional de combate pandêmico em zonas litorâneas brasileiras.
Genomic DNA Extraction v1
Authors: not provided Likhithchandragiri
Published: October 2021

Genomic DNA extraction from E. coli
Megazyme Sucrose D-Glucose Assay Kit (K-SUCGL) v1
Authors: not provided Likhithchandragiri
Published: October 2021

Protocol for a colorimetric assay kit to determine sucrose and D-glucose concentrations by Megazyme.
Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’ndeki sedir ve karaçam ağaçlandırmalarının büyüme ve karbon birikimi açısından uzun dönem sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ERKAN Neşat
Published: October 2021

Türkiye’de yapılan ağaçlandırma çalışmalarının önemli bir kısmı yazın su açığının yaşandığı yörelerde yapılmaktadır. Bu alanlarda yapılan ağaçlandırmalarda, sahip oldukları ekolojik özellikleri nedeniyle, sedir ve karaçam türleri yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Tesis amacına bakılmaksızın bu alanlardaki ağaçlandırmalardan beklenen faydanın elde edilmesi büyük ölçüde bu alanlardaki ağaçlandırma başarısına ve büyüme performansına bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, doğal yayılış alanı dışında sedir ve karaçam türleri ile yapılan ağaçlandırmaların uzun dönemde büyüme performansları ve karbon bağlama durumları incelenmiştir. Çalışma, Elazığ ve Malatya illerindeki ağaçlandırma alanlarında yürütülmüştür. Değerlendirmeler, 1996 yılında tesis edilmiş 4 karaçam ve 3 sedir olmak üzere toplam 7 sabit deneme alanında 1996, 2006 ve 2018 yıllarında yapılan ölçmelere dayandırılmıştır. Yapılan ölçmelerden deneme alanlarında hasılat parametreleri ve karbon birikimleri hesaplanmıştır. Son ölçmenin yapıldığı 2018 vejetasyon sonunda sedir ve karaçam için sırasıyla 46-48 ve 45-51 yaş aralıklarında olan meşcerelerin yine türler için sırası ile 2,24 - 3,88 ve 4,07 - 11,67 m3 ha-1 yıl-1 aralıklarında ortalama hacim artımı, 1,05 - 1,83 ve 1,57 - 4,49 t ha-1 yıl-1 aralıklarında da karbon tutumu gerçekleştirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Her iki tür için yapılan büyüme analizlerinden doğal yetişme ortamına benzer performans sergiledikleri, dolayısıyla gerek karbon birikimi ve gerekse diğer işlevleri bakımından bu ağaçlandırmaların kendilerinden beklenen amaçları sağladıkları belirlenmiştir.
Factors influencing social capital in rural communities in Nigeria
Authors: Sofoluwe N. A. , Oyelami L. O. , Adisa O.
Published: October 2021

Social capital has become an important aspect of most rural communities in developing nations. But, the dimensions of social capital vary across rural regions while little is known about the factors influencing it in rural areas. This study aimed to identify the prevalent social capital dimensions in rural areas and examine the factors determining rural people involved in those dimensions. A field survey which consists of structured and self-administered questionnaire was carried out with rural households. The information of the survey was obtained from 220 rural households in the study area between August and October, 2019. The descriptive analysis identified social networks (3.875), norms (societal values) (3.390), trust and solidarity (4.115), and cooperation and group action (4.139) as the prevailing social capital dimensions in the rural communities. The results further suggest that cooperation, trust and solidarity, and networks are respectively the dominating social capital dimensions in the rural areas. The results from probit model estimates show that the factors that are more likely to be associated with social capital in rural areas include education, access to credit and ownership of farm (cash crop). Since social capital is becoming a prerequisite for rural development, our findings lead to the suggestion that cooperation, build-up of networks should be facilitated for people in the rural areas. Furthermore, policy direction towards access to education, credit provision and development of primary occupation in the rural areas should also be enhanced. Economic policy makers and rural development agencies are invited to continuously work on the identified factors to promote the individual, community and national development on equitable basis.
Fault Geometry and Slip Distribution of the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo, China, Earthquake Inferred from InSAR Measurements and Relocated Aftershocks
Authors: He Kefeng , Wen Yangmao , Xu Caijun , Zhao Yingwen
Published: October 2021

A nearly 70 yr hiatus of major seismic activity in the central eastern Bayan Har block (BKB) ended on 22 May 2021, when a multislip-peak sinistral strike-slip earthquake struck western Maduo County, Qinghai. This earthquake, which ruptured the nearly 170 km long Kunlun Pass–Jiangcuo fault, is a rather unique event and offers a rare opportunity to probe the mechanical properties of the intraplate lithosphere of the central eastern BKB. Here, we inferred the fault geometry associated with the Maduo earthquake using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), and relocated aftershocks and inverted the slip distribution through InSAR radar phases and range offsets. Our analysis revealed that the geometry of the fault varies along the strike: the southeastern end of the fault dips steeply to the northeast, whereas the northwestern end dips southwestward. Using the combined datasets to constrain a coseismic slip, we found that the 2021 Maduo event was dominated by sinistral strike-slip movement, with a slight normal-slip component at a shallow depth, rupturing the steep-dipping fault for nearly 170 km in length. Five asperities were detected along the fault strike in the shallow crust (0–12 km) with a peak slip of ∼4.2 m corresponding mostly to simple structures, namely, continuous and straight rupture segments, suggesting that the rupture propagated across geometrical barriers in a multiasperity way. Based on an analysis of the strain field and the focal mechanisms of both the 2021 Maduo earthquake and historical earthquakes that have occurred in the BKB, we propose that the fault zones within the BKB can also generate large earthquakes and have the ability to accommodate the ongoing eastward and northeastward penetration of the Indian plate into the Eurasian plate.
EVALUATION OF THREE CASES WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME CAUSED BY CORONARY THROMBUS
Authors: Güven Bağla Aysel , İçkin Gülen Meltem , Kırılmaz Bahadır , Ercan Ertuğrul
Published: October 2021

Coronary thrombus causes reduced blood flow in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Our aim was to to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of coronary occlusion caused by thrombus, evaluating the histopathological characteristics of thrombi in three cases. Cases were diagnosed with ST elevation type of myocardial infarction by coronary angiography. Histopathological analysis of thrombi as well as immunohistochemical staining with PTX3 (pentraxin 3, an acute phase protein) and CD68 (a cytokine released from monocyte and macrophages) were performed. Blood levels of troponin and PTX3 were also evaluated. The PTX3 immunostaining score was high in all cases but it was not consistent with its blood level. The high PTX3 staining intensity in the case with normal PTX3 blood level may be the result of rapid local release of PTX3. Case with highest PTX3 blood level had another inflammatory disease that could have driven this increase. We suggest that PTX3 and CD68 immunostainings can be used as a marker in the histopathological evaluation of coronary thrombus.
THE ROLE OF COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT IN PATIENTS WITH HETEROZYGOUS BETA THALASSEMIA
Authors: Vural Özge , Susam Şen Hilal , Eker İbrahim
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare the Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Lymphocyte ratio, and Neutrophil Lymphocyte ratio by evaluating the parameters of Complete Blood Count in healthy children and patients with heterozygous Beta-thalassemia (HBT).MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July 2016 and September 2019, 60 patients admitted to the pediatric hematology-oncology outpatient clinic diagnosed with HBT and 60 healthy control subjects of similar age and sex were analyzed retrospectively. Children over one year old, whose hemoglobin A2 levels were above 3.5% were included in the study population.RESULTS: A total of 120 subjects were enrolled in this study. The HBT group included 60 subjects (32 males and 28 females) and the control group included 60 (36 males and 24 females). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age and gender (p=0.29 and p=0.27). Platelet count, MPV, lymphocyte, and ferritin were significantly higher in the HBT group, whereas hemoglobin was significantly lower in the HBT group as compared with the control group.CONCLUSIONS: Increased MPV and platelets in healthy HBT patients may cause hypercoagulability and may play a role with other risk factors in the predisposition of thrombosis in adult cases. There are very few studies on the incidence of thromboembolic events in cases with HBT. It is necessary to monitor adult HBT cases especially in terms of thromboembolic events, and to study with more cases.
BLOOD LIPID PROFILE IN PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA: A BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS STUDY
Authors: Eryiğit Eroğul Leyla , Kaşıkcı Murat , Eroğul Özgür , Gobeka Hamidu
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: Investigation of blood lipid profile in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, there were 100 participants, of whom 50 were patients with POAG and 50 were non-POAG patients consulted in the ophthalmology clinic. Levels of blood lipids including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) were investigated. Data were compared with t-test, Mann Whitney U, Fischer correlation and Chi-square test. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: While the mean age of the POAG patients was 65.7±11.09 years, the mean age of the non-POAG patients was 66.2±10.44 years. The normal reference ranges for laboratory tests in this study were 0-200 mg/dl for total cholesterol, 0-130 mg/dl for LDL, 35-70 mg/dl for HDL, and 35-160 mg/dl for TGs. The blood lipid levels in POAG and non-POAG patients were as following: total cholesterol 199±47 mg/dl and 202±46 mg/dl (p>0.05), LDL 114±37 mg/dl and 112±43 37 mg/dl (p>0.05), HDL 51±14 mg/dl and 54±19mg/dl (p>0.05), and TG 170±69 mg/dl and 146±102 mg/dl (p<0.05), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, no statistically significant difference was found between POAG and non-POAG patients regarding total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels. Yet, changes in the blood lipid profile may be associated with not only the patients' age but also prevalent systemic diseases. The present study demonstrated a remarkable finding that the level of TG was hig
KLİNİĞİMİZDE İZOLE EDİLEN MYCOBACTERİUM TUBERCULOSİS KOMPLEKS SUŞLARININ ANTİTÜBERKÜLOZ İLAÇLARA DUYARLILIK DURUMLARI
Authors: Balcı Aydın , Günay Ersin , Demir Cengiz , Çilekar Şule , Çoşğun İbrahim Güven , Aydın Suphi
Published: October 2021

AMAÇ: Tüberküloz (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis kompleks (MTBK) grubuna ait mikroorganizmaların neden olduğu kronik gidişatlı, bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Anti tüberküloz ilaçlar ile tedavi edilmekte ve kontrol altına alınmakta olan bu hastalık; bazen ilaçlara yanıt vermeyebilir. Tüberkülozda ilaç direnç araştırması yapılması tüberküloz kontrol ve tedavi programlarının temelini oluşturmaktadır.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmamızda, laboratuvarımızda izole edilen MTBK izolatlarının primer anti tüberküloz ilaçlara duyarlılıklarının araştırılması ve direnç paternlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kliniğimizde 2011 - 2019 yılları arasında tüberküloz şüphesi ile mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarına gönderilen 8804 klinik örnek değerlendirmeye alınmıştır.BULGULAR: Çalışmaya alınan örneklerden 126’sında tüberküloz kültürü pozitif gelmiştir. 126 örneğe (%1.4) anti-tüberküloz duyarlılık testi uygulanmıştır. 28 (%22.3) izolat ise test edilen anti tüberküloz ilaçlardan en az birine dirençli olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çok ilaca direnç ise %2,38 oranında bulunmuştur.SONUÇ: Tüberküloz tedavisinde direnç gelişimini önlemek ve tedavinin sağlıklı bir şekilde yapılabilmesi için her hastaya kültür ve antibiyotik duyarlılık testlerinin çalışılması, verilerin elde edilmesi gerekmektedir.
Surgical and anesthetic management of primary dumbbell shaped spinal hydatid cyst in lumbar vertebra: A rare case report
Authors: Tripathi Anuj Kumar , Rizwan Zahwa , Mufti Shagufta Tahir , Gupta Om Prakash , Pathak Saurabh , Bhaskar Priyesh , Kumar Vivek
Published: October 2021

Hydatid cyst is a very significant health problem in India. As recorded in the literature, majority of hydatid cysts are found in the liver followed by the lungs with an incidence rate of 60-70% and 10-15% respectively. Cystic hydatid disease in bones is seen in less than 4% of cases, with majority presenting in the spine. In this case report we have discussed primary intraspinal extradural hydatid cyst with paravertebral extension (dumbbell shaped) in lumbar vertebra which is a rarity. The diagnosis was established intraoperatively based on the findings with a follow up and review of literatures, along with its management.
Investing in Sustainable Infrastructure in Latin America: Instruments, Strategies and Partnerships for Institutional Investors Mobilization
Authors: Frisari Giovanni Leo , Messervy Max
Published: October 2021

Despite the significant challenges in mobilizing investors resources towards sustainable infrasctrure investments in Latin America and the Carribbean, an investment opportunity in low carbon and resilient assets exists and represents a critical step towards a sustainable economic recovery from the financial duress due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on health and economic systems of the region. This papers contribuition is two-fold: it attempts to estimate and size an ideal sustainable investable pipeline accross the region generated by several policies promoting public-private-partnerships (PPP) in the transport and energy sectors. Then it identifies and details different investment strategies and financial instruments available to institutional investors to invest in the region while mitigating the risks they perceived and hinder the mobilization of their resources. Such strategies discussed in the paper include: joint ventures with local counterparties, direct and active investments in the national markets, and/or access to markets via partnerships with development financial institutions.
Economia da sociobiodiversidade no estado do Pará
Authors: Costa Francisco de Assis , Stein Ciasca Bruna , Cardoso Castro Ellen Claudine , Magalhães Barreiros Rogger Mathaus , Folhes Ricardo , Lima Bergamini Leonardo , Solyno Sobrino Aluízio , Cruz Arthur , Costa Alencar , Simoes Juliana , Salles Almeida Juliana , de Souza Hélcio Marcelo
Published: October 2021

O estudo analisa o valor economico e a importância da biodiversidade para a região amazônica, em particular para a economia do estado do Pará e apresenta recomendações para a implementação de políticas públicas voltadas ao desenvolvimento de uma bioeconomia baseada na preservação da floresta nativa e a biodiversidade da região. Os resultados do estudo demonstram que o apoio aos produtos da biodiversidade alinhados à conservação da floresta amazonica beneficia o desenvolvimento socioeconômico dos estados amazônicos e representa uma oportunidade única para um modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável para a floresta amazônica que concilie conservação ambiental e geração de renda para as populações locais.
Analysis of Fuel Oil Consumption, Green Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation in 6 Asia Pacific Countries
Authors: Aimon Hasdi , Kurniadi Anggi Putri , Amar Syamsul
Published: October 2021

This study aims to fill the gap of previous research in the form of developing studies between fuel oil consumption, green economic growth and environmental degradation in 6 selected Asia Pacific countries (Australia, China, India, Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand) by considering the determinants during the period 2007-2020 by using a simultaneous panel model approach. The important findings of this study are grouped into 3 analytical models. First, green economic growth, environmental degradation and cleaner energy have a negative effect on fuel oil consumption, while GDP per capita has a positive effect. Second, fuel oil consumption, environmental degradation and militarization have a negative effect on green economic growth, while technological innovation and cleaner energy have a positive effect. Third, green economic growth and cleaner energy have a negative effect on environmental degradation, while fuel oil consumption, health expenditure and poverty have a positive effect. The policy implication that can be applied is to utilize renewable energy such as biofuel oil to implement a clean development mechanism because the increasing demand for fuel oil consumption will result in CO2 emissions which are a factor causing increased environmental degradation and decreased green growth in a country.