bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Syntheses of Isoquinolines and Indolo[1,2‐a]quinazolines by Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Annulation from 2‐Haloaryloxime Acetates with Active Methylene Compounds and Indoles.
Authors: Jiang Huanfeng , Yang Jidan , Tang Xiaodong , Wu Wanqing
Published: July 2016

A convenient and reliable method for the direct construction of isoquinolines via copper‐catalyzed cascade condensation between haloaryloxime acetates and diverse β‐diketo compounds is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Hydride Catalyzed Reductive Claisen Rearrangements.
Authors: Wong Kong Ching , Ng Elvis , Wong Wing‐Tak , Chiu Pauline
Published: July 2016

The reaction proceeds with generally high yields and often very high diastereoselectivities, and offers a practical alternative to traditional base‐induced Ireland—Claisen protocols.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Acylation of C(sp3)—H Bonds Enabled by Nickel and Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Joe Candice L. , Doyle Abigail G.
Published: July 2016

The acylation of N‐arylpyrrolidines (I) with anhydrides (II) or thioesters (IV) gives rise to N‐aryl‐2‐ketopyrrolidines (III) and (V), resp., in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine as a Terminal Oxidant in Wacker‐Type Oxidation of Terminal Olefins to Methyl Ketones.
Authors: Chaudhari Dipali A. , Fernandes Rodney A.
Published: July 2016

A Markovnikov‐selective oxidation of terminal olefins by a combination of palladium(II) acetate and Dess—Martin periodinane is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Vicinal Diacetoxylation of Alkenes under Chiral Iodine(III) Catalysis.
Authors: Woeste Thorsten H. , Muniz Kilian
Published: July 2016

Iodophenylene‐linked lactate esters are applied as chiral organocatalysts in the asymmetric vicinal diacetoxylation of styrene and cinnamyl alcohol substrates affording the acetoxy derivatives in modest to good yields and good dia‐ as well as enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Catalyzed C5 and C7 Halogenation of Quinolines Using Sodium Halides under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Xu Jun , Zhu Xiaolei , Zhou Guobin , Ying Beibei , Ye Pingping , Su Lingying , Shen Chao , Zhang Pengfei
Published: July 2016

Selective mono‐ and dihalogenation of quinolinamines is achieved depending on the quantities of the used sodium halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light Photocatalytic α‐Amino C(sp3)—H Activation Through Radical Translocation: A Novel and Metal‐Free Approach to α‐Alkoxybenzamides.
Authors: Huang Feng‐Qing , Dong Xin , Qi Lian‐Wen , Zhang Bo
Published: July 2016

o‐Aminobenzamides are converted into diazonium salt intermediates, which can be reduced to generate aryl radicals.
ChemInform Abstract: A Three‐Component Reagent System for Rapid and Mild Removal of O‐, N‐ and S‐Trityl Protecting Groups.
Authors: Kicsak Mate , Bege Miklos , Bereczki Ilona , Csavas Magdolna , Herczeg Mihaly , Kupihar Zoltan , Kovacs Lajos , Borbas Aniko , Herczegh Pal
Published: July 2016

Using a triethylsilane/boron trifluoride etherate/hexafluoroisopropanol system, trityl‐type protecting groups are easily and selectively removed from O‐, N‐ and/or S‐functions of a number of nucleoside and sugar substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Allenamides by Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Propargylic Bromides and Nitrogen Nucleophiles.
Authors: Demmer Charles S. , Benoit Emeline , Evano Gwilherm
Published: July 2016

The title reaction affords a broad spectrum of the desired target compounds under mild conditions A) or B).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Aminoaziridination of 2‐Vinylfuran Derivatives as an Approach to Hexa‐2,5‐diene‐1,4‐dione Monohydrazones.
Authors: Sorokina Mariia V. , Pankova Alena S. , Kuznetsov Mikhail A.
Published: July 2016

Oxidative addition of N‐aminophthalimides to 2‐vinylfuran derivatives gives the title compounds instead of 2‐furylaziridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferromagnetic α‐Fe2O3NPs: A Potential Catalyst in Sonogashira—Hagihara Cross Coupling and Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Kataria Meenal , Pramanik Subhamay , Kaur Navleen , Kumar Manoj , Bhalla Vandana
Published: July 2016

Ferromagnetic α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles are shown to be an efficient catalyst for Sonogashira—Hagihara cross coupling and hetero Diels—Alder reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydrocarboxylation of Internal Alkynes.
Authors: Jeschke Janine , Engelhardt Tony B. , Lang Heinrich
Published: July 2016

The reaction of benzoic acids and alkynes proceeds with excellent E/Z‐selectivity furnishing the E‐isomers of the respective alkenylbenzoates only.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green and Effective Approach of Two‐Step 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′‐Hexanitrostilbene Preparation and Its Industrial Scale Study.
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Lu Ting‐ting , Lu Ming
Published: July 2016

The title compounds are prepared in two steps by homocoupling of trinitrotoluene employing NaOCl as oxidant followed by aerobic dehydrogenation of the resulting hexanitrobienzyl using TEMPO/FeCl2·7H2O as catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Wittig [2,3]‐Rearrangement of Oxindoles.
Authors: Oseka Maksim , Kimm Mariliis , Kaabel Sandra , Jaerving Ivar , Rissanen Kari , Kanger Tonis
Published: July 2016

4‐Methylbenzyl is found to be the N‐protecting group of choice in the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3‐Mediated Radical Tandem Reactions of 3‐Benzyl‐2‐oxindoles with Styrene Derivatives for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Spirocyclohexene Oxindoles.
Authors: Wu Hong‐Ru , Cheng Liang , Kong De‐Long , Huang Hong‐Yan , Gu Chun‐Ling , Liu Li , Wang Dong , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: July 2016

The title reaction produces the desired spirocycles with mostly complete diastereoselectivity and a broad spectrum of both reactant classes is tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Nonstabilized Azomethine Ylides to Planar Chalcones via Regio‐ and Stereoselective Route: A Three‐Component Strategy.
Authors: Gayen Biswajit , Banerji Avijit , Dhara Kaliprasanna
Published: July 2016

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of chalcones with non‐stabilized azomethine ylides formed in situ from L‐proline and aldehydes are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1H‐Indazole‐4,7‐diols via Iodine(III)‐Mediated [3 + 2] Cyclization in Water.
Authors: Hou Yingwei , Cai Chao , Yu Guangli
Published: July 2016

An efficient iodine(III)‐mediated [3+2]‐cycloaddition between phenol derivatives and diazomethylarenes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalysis Study of Mesoporous MCM‐41 Supported Schiff Base and CuSO4·5H2O in a Highly Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐Thiazolidinone Derivatives from Cyclocondensation of Mercaptoacetic Acid.
Authors: Pang Hai‐Xia , Hui Yong‐Hai , Fan Kui , Xing Xue‐Jian , Wu Yang , Yang Jing‐Hui , Shi Wei , Xie Zheng‐Feng
Published: July 2016

Both in‐situ generated imines [e.g. from (II) and (III)] and pre‐synthesized imines [e.g. (V)] can react with mercaptoacetic acid (I) to give the thiazolidinones [e.g. (IV)] in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Chloride Catalyzed Formation of 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyrans from α‐Alkylated 1,3‐Dicarbonyls. Selective Synthesis of α‐ and β‐Lapachone.
Authors: Watson Rebecca B. , Golonka Alexander N. , Schindler Corinna S.
Published: July 2016

Substrates bearing one ester group are readily transformed to functionalized pyran core structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐3,4‐dihydro‐1H‐quinolin‐2‐ones Through Regioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Halle Francois , Van der Poorten Olivier , Doebelin Christelle , Niederst Marie , Schneider Severine , Schmitt Martine , Ballet Steven , Bihel Frederic
Published: July 2016

Intramolecular Buchwald—Hartwig cyclization of 2‐bromophenylalanine derivatives allows the synthesis of chiral dihydroquinolines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Rh‐Catalyzed Carboacylation of C=N Bonds via C—C Activation of Benzocyclobutenones.
Authors: Deng Lin , Xu Tao , Li Hongbo , Dong Guangbin
Published: July 2016

This method gives access to a variety of novel, pharmaceutically interesting polycyclic lactams.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Quinoline‐Fused Lactones and 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinolines via Catalytic Aerobic sp3 C—H Oxidation: Application of Fragment‐Reassembly Strategy.
Authors: Ma Xingge , Zhu Yingzu , Lue Shiwei , Zhang Liang , Luo Liangliang , Jia Xiaodong
Published: July 2016

Glycine esters and dihydrofuran undergo a domino oxidative Povarov reaction/aromatization/lactonization sequence to form quinoline‐fused lactones.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐ and Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbocyclization Between 2‐Phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine and α‐Diazo Esters.
Authors: Li Yunyun , Wang Fen , Yu Songjie , Li Xingwei
Published: July 2016

The catalyzed carbocyclization between 2‐aryl‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and α‐diazoesters occurs via C—H activation and dialkylation of the arene followed by intramolecular nucleophilic substitution.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Acid‐ and Base‐Catalyzed C—N Bond Formation Approach Through Reaction of Chromonyl Meldrum′s Acid and Nitrogen Binucleophiles.
Authors: Balalaie Saeed , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza , Mehrparvar Saber , Rominger Frank
Published: July 2016

The preparation of N‐substituted 2‐aminobenzamides is described which further react via acid catalysis to cromonyl quinazolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Norbenzomorphan Framework as a Novel Scaffold for Generating Sigma 2 Receptor/PGRMC1 Subtype‐Selective Ligands.
Authors: Sahn James J. , Hodges Timothy R. , Chan Jessica Z. , Martin Stephen F.
Published: July 2016

8‐Substituted norbenzomorphan derivatives are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroesterification of 2‐Allylphenols to Seven‐Membered Lactones without External CO Gas.
Authors: Chang Wenju , Li Jingfu , Ren Wenlong , Shi Yian
Published: July 2016

A regioselective hydroesterification of 2‐allylphenols with phenyl formate as CO source leads to benzo‐fused ε‐caprolactones in good yields under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Cascade Radical Cyclization: A Direct Approach to 3,4‐Disubstituted Dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones Through Activation of the P—H Bond and Functionalization of the C(sp2)—H Bond.
Authors: Zhang Honglin , Gu Zhangxi , Li Zhenyi , Pan Changduo , Li Weipeng , Hu Hongwen , Zhu Chengjian
Published: July 2016

A new and direct access to 3‐phosphorylated‐4‐aryl‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones via an 6‐endo‐trig pathway is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Revisions of a Class of Natural Products: Scaffolds of Aglycon Analogues of Fusicoccins and Cotylenins Isolated from Fungi.
Authors: Tang Ying , Xue Yongbo , Du Guang , Wang Jianping , Liu Junjun , Sun Bin , Li Xiao‐Nian , Yao Guangmin , Luo Zengwei , Zhang Yonghui
Published: July 2016

Novel brassicicenes L (IV), M (If), and N (V) are isolated from the fungus Alternaria brassicicola and their structures are elucidated.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Preparation to Surface Modification for Analytical and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Moraes Silva Saimon , Tavallaie Roya , Sandiford Lydia , Tilley Richard D. , Gooding J. Justin
Published: July 2016

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold and Diazo Reagents: A Fruitful Tool for Developing Molecular Complexity
Authors: Fructos Manuel R. , Diaz‐Requejo M. Mar , Perez Pedro J.
Published: July 2016

Review: [55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Amination Strategies Based on Nitrogen‐Centered Radical Chemistry
Authors: Xiong Tao , Zhang Qian
Published: July 2016

Review: recent advances in promising metal‐catalyzed and visible‐light initiated radical reactions; 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Transformation of Unsaturated Alcohols
Authors: Paioti Paulo H. S. , Aponick Aaron
Published: July 2016

Review: advances made between 2011 and 2014
ChemInform Abstract: Utilization of Municipal Solid and Liquid Wastes for Bioenergy and Bioproducts Production
Authors: Chen Paul , Xie Qinglong , Addy Min , Zhou Wenguang , Liu Yuhuan , Wang Yunpu , Cheng Yanling , Li Kun , Ruan Roger
Published: July 2016

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Catalyst Screening: Scaling, Bond‐order and Catalysis
Authors: Abild‐Pedersen Frank
Published: July 2016

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolated Supramolecules on Surfaces Studied with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Shen Zi‐Yong , et al.
Published: July 2016

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing Structural and Motional Features of Organic and Inorganic Solids Through Extended Family of Cross‐polarization Experiments
Authors: Tekely Piotr
Published: July 2016

Review: 35 refs.
Spatial scale matters when modeling avian co‐occurrence
Authors: Harms Tyler M. , Dinsmore Stephen J.
Published: July 2016

The spatial scale at which competition alters the spatial distribution of a species is important to consider when evaluating competitive interactions between species. The two‐species occupancy model was developed to evaluate competitive interactions between two species while accounting for imperfect detection. However, no studies have incorporated spatial scale into such models. We developed an approach to incorporate spatial scale when evaluating species co‐occurrence using the two‐species occupancy model and tested our approach on two wetland passerines: the Yellow‐headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) and the Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris). We surveyed for Yellow‐headed Blackbirds and Marsh Wrens using point counts at wetlands throughout Iowa in 2009 and 2010. We assigned observations to one of three distance bins: ≤20, ≤60, and ≤100 m and then created encounter histories for each distance bin for the two‐species occupancy model and modeled co‐occurrence as a function of habitat covariates for each distance bin. We also modeled co‐occurrence using all observations regardless of distance. We found that Yellow‐headed Blackbirds were less likely to co‐occur with Marsh Wrens at both the ≤60 and ≤100 m scales. However, using all observations, we found that Yellow‐headed Blackbirds and Marsh Wrens co‐occurred independent of one another. This result illustrated that failure to incorporate spatial scale in evaluations of species co‐occurrence could lead to incorrect inferences on co‐occurrence of different species. The two‐species co‐occurrence occupancy model is a valuable tool that allows researchers to evaluate the presence of competitive interactions between species, and incorporating spatial scale into these models provides information on how species partition resources at different spatial scales within a patch. Understanding species co‐occurrence patterns across multiple spatial scales provides valuable information that is useful for a better understanding of the mechanisms of competitive interactions between two species and aiding the restoration and management of habitat for multiple species.
Occupancy and abundance of predator and prey: implications of the fire‐cheatgrass cycle in sagebrush ecosystems
Authors: Holbrook Joseph D. , Arkle Robert S. , Rachlow Janet L. , Vierling Kerri T. , Pilliod David S. , Wiest Michelle M.
Published: July 2016

Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) ecosystems are declining due to biological invasions and changes in fire regimes. Understanding how ecosystem changes influence functionally important animals such as ecosystem engineers is essential to conserve ecological functions. American badgers (Taxidea taxus) are an apex predator and ecosystem engineer in that they redistribute large amounts of soil within sagebrush ecosystems. Piute ground squirrels (Urocitellus mollis) are also an ecosystem engineer as well as an essential prey resource for many predators, including badgers. Our research objective was to evaluate the relative importance of biological invasions and fire, abiotic factors, and biotic factors on badgers and ground squirrels. We sampled 163 1‐ha plots during April‐June across a gradient of burn histories within a 1962 km2 study area in southern Idaho, USA. At each plot, we characterized occupancy of ground squirrels and badgers and relative abundance of ground squirrels. Additionally, we characterized soil texture, climate, connectivity and dispersal potential, fire frequency, grazing, and cover of many plant species including a highly invasive exotic annual grass (cheatgrass; Bromus tectorum). We used an integrated approach to evaluate competing hypotheses concerning factors influencing occupancy and abundance. Results suggested that occupancy of ground squirrels was positively associated with long‐term precipitation, dispersal potential, and fine‐grained soil. Abundance of ground squirrels was positively associated with fine‐grained soil, but negatively associated with cheatgrass, fire frequency, agriculture, and shrub cover. Badger occupancy was positively associated with ground squirrel occupancy and agriculture, which indicated affinity to prey. Our results provide insight into the relative influence of abiotic and biotic factors on predator and prey, and highlight how effects change across different population parameters. Our research suggests that widespread environmental change within sagebrush ecosystems, especially the fire‐cheatgrass cycle (e.g., invasion of cheatgrass and increased fire frequency) and human land disturbances, are directly and indirectly influencing ground squirrels and badgers. However, we also found evidence that efforts to mitigate these stressors, for example, establishing bunchgrasses postfire, may provide targeted conservation strategies that promote these species and thus preserve the burrowing and trophic functions they provide.
Summer water in a restored native grassland flushes annual grass seed bank but fails to increase native perennial cover
Authors: Wolf K. M. , Young T. P.
Published: July 2016

Natural and artificial flushing of the weed seed bank, followed by killing of seedlings, is a common practice in agricultural and prerestoration settings, but its application for post‐restoration management has not been tested in the context of restored native plants. Summer watering at already restored sites could reduce exotic annual grass cover by decreasing the seed bank, thereby increasing native perennial success in subsequent growing seasons. Five replicated watering treatments of 11.35 L per watering event were applied for up to a 4 week period, with watering events ranging from once daily for a minimum or four and maximum of 16 d, or twice daily for 4 d, for a total of 45.4–181.7 L water applied in each 1‐m2 plot. Two of the watering treatments triggered significant flushing of annual grasses: watering for a total of 16 d once per day, and 4 d twice per day. Although this conferred a short‐term reduction in annual grass emergence at the start of the subsequent rainy season, it did not reduce total annual cover at peak flowering in the growing season, or provide a longer term advantage to native perennial grasses. It is possible that there are sufficient seeds in the seed bank that this at least partly compensated for the seed bank reduction and did not result in a reduction in final cover, or that lower densities of seedlings are sufficient to achieve “total” cover. Perennial grass cover increased in response to all watering treatments, but this did not result in significantly increased cover the following year. These results suggest that even watering treatments that produce large flushes of exotic annual grasses are insufficient to reduce exotic cover longer term. It should be explored whether more water, applied more frequently, could be effective in reducing the exotic grass seed bank enough to confer a long‐term reduction in exotic cover and a benefit to native perennial grasses.
Florivory shapes both leaf and floral interactions
Authors: Soper Gorden Nicole L. , Adler Lynn S.
Published: July 2016

Florivory, or the consumption of flowers, is a ubiquitous interaction that can reduce plant reproduction directly by damaging reproductive tissues and indirectly by deterring pollinators. However, we know surprisingly little about how florivory alters plant traits or the larger community of species interactions. Although leaf damage is known to affect floral traits and interactions in many systems, the consequences of floral damage for leaf traits and interactions are unknown. We manipulated floral damage in Impatiens capensis and measured effects on floral attractive traits and secondary chemicals, leaf secondary chemicals, floral interactions, leaf herbivory, and plant reproduction. We also examined relationships between early season floral traits and floral interactions, to explore which traits structure floral interactions. Moderate but not high florivory significantly increased relative selfed reproduction, leading to a shift in mating system away from outcrossing. Florivory increased leaf secondary compounds and decreased leaf herbivory, although mechanisms other than leaf chemistry may be responsible for some of the reduced leaf damage. Florivory altered four of seven measured interactions, including increased subsequent florivory and reduced flower spiders, although only leaf damage effects were significant after correcting for multiple tests. Pretreatment concentrations of floral anthocyanins and condensed tannins were associated with reduced levels of many floral antagonisms, including florivory, nectar larceny, and flower spider abundance, suggesting these traits play a role in floral resistance. Overall, our results indicate a broad range of community and potential evolutionary consequences of florivory through structuring subsequent floral interactions, altering leaf secondary chemicals, and shaping leaf herbivory.
Underappreciated problems of low replication in ecological field studies
Authors: Lemoine Nathan P. , Hoffman Ava , Felton Andrew J. , Baur Lauren , Chaves Francis , Gray Jesse , Yu Qiang , Smith Melinda D.
Published: July 2016

The cost and difficulty of manipulative field studies makes low statistical power a pervasive issue throughout most ecological subdisciplines. Ecologists are already aware that small sample sizes increase the probability of committing Type II errors. In this article, we address a relatively unknown problem with low power: underpowered studies must overestimate small effect sizes in order to achieve statistical significance. First, we describe how low replication coupled with weak effect sizes leads to Type M errors, or exaggerated effect sizes. We then conduct a meta‐analysis to determine the average statistical power and Type M error rate for manipulative field experiments that address important questions related to global change; global warming, biodiversity loss, and drought. Finally, we provide recommendations for avoiding Type M errors and constraining estimates of effect size from underpowered studies.
Pulmonary hypertension and pregnancy outcomes: data from the Registry Of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease (ROPAC) of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Sliwa Karen , van Hagen Iris M. , Budts Werner , Swan Lorna , Sinagra Gianfranco , Caruana Maryanne , Blanco Manuel Vazquez , Wagenaar Lodewijk J. , Johnson Mark R. , Webb Gary , Hall Roger , Roos‐Hesselink Jolien W. ,   on behalf of the ROPAC investigators
Published: July 2016

Aims

To describe the outcomes of pregnancy in women with pulmonary hypertension.

Methods and results

In 2007 the European Registry on Pregnancy and Heart Disease was initiated by the European Society of Cardiology. Consecutive patients with all forms of cardiovascular disease, presenting with pregnancy, were enrolled with the aim of investigating the pregnancy outcomes. This subgroup of the cohort included 151 women with pulmonary hypertension (PH) either diagnosed by right heart catheterization or diagnosed as possible PH by echocardiographic signs, with 26% having pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), in three subgroups: idiopathic (iPAH), associated with congenital heart disease (CHD‐PAH), or associated with other disease (oPAH), and 74% having PH caused by left heart disease (LHD‐PH, n = 112). Maternal mean age was 29.2 ± 5.6 years and 37% were nulliparous. Right ventricular systolic pressure was <50 mmHg in 59.6% of patients, 50–70 mmHg in 28.5% and >70 mmHg in 11.9%. In more than 75% of patients, the diagnosis of PH had been made before pregnancy. Maternal death up to 1 week after delivery occurred in five patients (3.3%), with another two out of 78 patients who presented for follow‐up (2.6%), dying within 6 months after delivery. The highest mortality was found in iPAH (3/7, 43%). During pregnancy, heart failure occurred in 27%. Caesarean section was performed in 63.4% (23.9% as emergency). Therapeutic abortion was performed in 4.0%. Complications included miscarriage (5.6%), fetal mortality (2%), premature delivery (21.7%), low birth weight (19.0%), and neonatal mortality (0.7%).

Conclusion

Mortality in this group of patients with various forms of PH was lower than previously reported as specialized care during pregnancy and delivery was available. However, maternal and fetal mortality remains prohibitively high in women with iPAH, although this conclusion is restricted by limited numbers. Early advice on contraception, pregnancy risk and fetal outcome remains paramount.
Rationale and design of the PREFERS (Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction Epidemiological Regional Study) Stockholm heart failure study: an epidemiological regional study in Stockholm county of 2.1 million inhabitants
Authors: Linde Cecilia , Eriksson Maria J. , Hage Camilla , Wallén Håkan , Persson Bengt , Corbascio Matthias , Lundeberg Joakim , Maret Eva , Ugander Martin , Persson Hans ,   for the Stockholm County/Karolinska Institutet 4D heart failure investigators
Published: July 2016

Aims

Heart failure (HF) with preserved (HFpEF) or reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction is associated with poor prognosis and quality of life. While the incidence of HFrEF is declining and HF treatment is effective, HFpEF is increasing, with no established therapy. PREFERS Stockholm is an epidemiological study with the aim of improving clinical care and research in HF and to find new targets for drug treatment in HFpEF (https://internwebben.ki.se/sites/default/files/20150605_4d_research_appendix_final.pdf).

Methods

Patients with new‐onset HF (n = 2000) will be characterized at baseline and after 1‐year follow‐up by standardized protocols for clinical evaluation, echocardiography, and ECG. In one subset undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery (n = 100) and classified according to LV function, myocardial biopsies will be collected during surgery, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging will be performed at baseline and after 1 year. Blood and tissue samples will be stored in a biobank. We will characterize and compare new‐onset HFpEF and HFrEF patients regarding clinical findings and cardiac imaging, genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics from blood and cardiac biopsies, and by established biomarkers of fibrosis, inflammation, haemodynamics, haemostasis, and thrombosis. The data will be explored by state‐of‐the‐art bioinformatics methods to investigate gene expression patterns, sequence variation, DNA methylation, and post‐translational modifications, and using systems biology approaches including pathway and network analysis.

Conclusions

In this epidemiological HF study with biopsy studies in a subset of patients, we aim to identify new biomarkers of disease progression and to find pathophysiological mechanisms to support explorations of new treatment regimens for HFpEF.
Empowering and legitimizing the fundamental attribution error: Power and legitimization exacerbate the translation of role‐constrained behaviors into ability differences
Authors: Jouffre Stéphane , Croizet Jean‐Claude
Published: July 2016

Our daily interactions are influenced by the social roles we endorse. People however underestimate these role constraints in their everyday explanation relying on individual dispositions to make sense of behaviors. Two studies investigated whether this bias is exacerbated when role structure is legitimated and when power matches the advantages conferred by the social roles of a quiz game. Legitimacy as well as power increased the tendency for both advantaged (questioner) and disadvantaged (answerer) actors (Study 1) as well as naïve observers of the quiz game (Study 2) to attribute to ability the behaviors elicited by social roles. These results extend previous findings. People are more prone to explain constrained behaviors by differences in ability when role structure is legitimated and when power asymmetry matches role structure. Legitimacy and power may then play an important role in the translation of role constraints into inferences about ability.
Electrochemical Properties and Reactions of Organoboronic Acids in the Presence of Fluoride Ions
Authors: Suzuki Junji , Shida Naoki , Inagi Shinsuke , Fuchigami Toshio
Published: July 2016

Electrochemical analyses of alkyl, phenyl, and thienylboronic acids were comparatively studied by cyclic voltammetric measurements in the absence and presence of fluoride ions, and we found remarkable negative shift of their oxidation potentials in the presence of fluoride ions compared with those in the absence of fluoride ions. Such negative shift seems to be derived from the formation of negative charged boron‐ate complex with fluoride ions. Anodic fluorination of 2‐acetyl‐5‐thienylboronic acid was carried out to provide mono‐ and trifluoro products eliminating a boryl group in moderate yields. These results clearly indicate that a boryl group with fluoride ions is a good electroauxiliary.
Degradation of rhodamine B using FeS‐coated zero‐valent iron nanoparticles in the presence of dissolved oxygen
Authors: Zhang Qiying , Guo Weilin , Yue Xinxin , Liu Zhonghua , Li Xianghui
Published: July 2016

In this study, we have developed a novel and simple method to prepare Fe/FeS core‐shell nanoparticles using thioacetamide. The Fe/FeS nanoparticles were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with EDX analysis. The performance of Fe/FeS nanoparticles was evaluated as catalyst to activate molecular oxygen for Rhodamine B (RhB) removal in aqueous solution. The Fe/FeS nanoparticles shows a much higher reactivity on the activation of molecular oxygen than the pure Fe nanoparticles. A complete set of control experiments were conducted to optimize the reaction conditions, including the dosage of Fe/FeS nanoparticles, the RhB concentration, as well as the initial pH value. Moreover, the free radical quenching studies indicated the generation of the reactive oxygen species, namely hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radical anions (
), and •OH is the predominant one in Fe/FeS‐activated molecular oxygen system. The study reveals that Fe/FeS nanoparticles are a promising candidate for the efficient removal of pollutants. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1673–1678, 2016
Does Option‐Implied Cross‐Sectional Return Dispersion Forecast Realized Cross‐Sectional Return Dispersion? Evidence From the G10 Currencies
Authors: Grobys Klaus , Heinonen Jari‐Pekka
Published: July 2016

This study employs option‐price data to back out the implied cross‐sectional return variance in the G10 currencies. It investigates the relation of implied cross‐sectional return dispersion in the currency market and subsequent realized cross‐sectional return dispersion. We find that implied cross‐sectional return variance, based on option‐price data with 1‐ and 3‐month maturity, outperforms past cross‐sectional return variance in forecasting future cross‐sectional return variance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 37:3–22, 2017
Magma emplacement: an important trigger leading to slope failures in deep‐water areas of northern continental margin of South China Sea
Authors: Ma Y. , Li S. Z. , Lin J. Q. , Liang Q. Y. , Shi Y. H. , Kong L.
Published: July 2016

Submarine slope failures are considered as a serious geo‐hazard because they can rupture undersea pipelines, and seafloor engineering facilities can be subverted by destroying the seabed stability. Submarine slope failures are widely developed in deep‐water areas of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea, yet the mechanisms involved in their generation remain poorly known. Observations have proposed that slope instability can be due either to decomposition of gas hydrate or to magma emplacement. Here, we present new high‐resolution 2D seismic data from the deep‐water areas of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea to reveal an extensive and intimate relationship between magma emplacement and slope failures. This paper shows four landslides on the Dongsha, Shenhu, Xisha and Qiongdongnan slopes that occurred at different locations of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea. There are seismic evidences that magmatic rocks commonly developed and migrated upwards to the overlying layers and they caused these layers to uplift as a dome and possibly decreased their strength and predisposition to failure. The data reveal in detail how magma emplacement influenced slope stability and the seismic reflection features of this type of submarine landslides. The findings illustrate the importance of magma emplacement resulting in slope instability. This paper proposes that magma emplacement is a basic and critical trigger leading to slope failures in the deep‐water areas of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea and establishes genetic models for this important trigger. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of comorbidity and anemia in patients with oropharyngeal cancer primarily treated with surgery in the human papillomavirus era
Authors: Baumeister Philipp , Rauch Josepha , Jacobi Christian , Kisser Ulrich , Betz Christian , Becker Sven , Reiter Maximilian
Published: July 2016

Background

Comorbidity and anemia strongly influence treatment and outcome of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), but respective data are frequently lacking in clinical studies. We evaluated 149 cases of oropharyngeal SCC primarily treated with surgery regarding the impact of these factors on disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Methods

Data were recorded during treatment and follow‐up visits. Human papillomavirus (HPV) association of oropharyngeal SCC was detected by p16 immunohistochemistry.

Results

Patients with p16‐positive disease were significantly less comorbid and anemic, and treated more aggressively. Comorbidity and anemia, but not p16 status, significantly influenced DFS and had more impact on OS than p16 status.

Conclusion

In our study, p16‐positive seems a good surrogate marker for healthier patients. Patients with p16‐positive disease showed improved survival, but this was limited to none/mild comorbid and/or nonanemic individuals in this group. On the basis of our results, we strongly suggest the inclusion of these factors in risk stratification for clinical studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 7–16, 2017
Uncoupling proteins of invertebrates: A review
Authors: Slocinska Malgorzata , Barylski Jakub , Jarmuszkiewicz Wieslawa
Published: July 2016

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) mediate inducible proton conductance in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Herein, we summarize our knowledge regarding UCPs in invertebrates. Since 2001, the presence of UCPs has been demonstrated in nematodes, mollusks, amphioxi, and insects. We discuss the following important issues concerning invertebrate UCPs: their evolutionary relationships, molecular and functional properties, and physiological impact. Evolutionary analysis indicates that the branch of vertebrate and invertebrate UCP4‐5 diverged early in the evolutionary process prior to the divergence of the animal groups. Several proposed physiological roles of invertebrate UCPs are energy control, metabolic balance, and preventive action against oxidative stress. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(9):691–699, 2016
Theoretical study on photooxidation mechanism of ruthenium complex [Ru(II)‐(bpy)2(TMBiimH2)]2+ with molecular oxygen
Authors: Liu Li‐Hong , Wu Dan , Xia Shu‐Hua , Cui Ganglong
Published: July 2016

Photoinduced reactions of ruthenium complexes with molecular oxygen have attracted a lot of experimental attention; however, the reaction mechanism remains elusive. In this work, we have used the density functional theory method to scrutinize the visible‐light induced photooxidation mechanism of the ruthenium complex [Ru(II)‐(bpy)2(TMBiimH2)]2+ (bpy: 2, 2‐bipyridine and TMBiimH2: 4, 5, 4, 5‐tetramethyl‐2, 2‐biimidazole) initiated by the attack of molecular oxygen. The present computational results not only explain very well recent experiments, also provide new mechanistic insights. We found that: (1) the triplet energy transfer process between the triplet molecular oxygen and the metal‐ligand charge transfer triplet state of the ruthenium complex, which leads to singlet molecular oxygen, is thermodynamically favorable; (2) the singlet oxygen addition process to the S0 ruthenium complex is facile in energy; (3) the chemical transformation from endoperoxide to epidioxetane intermediates can be either two‐ or one‐step reaction (the latter is energetically favored). These findings contribute important mechanistic information to photooxidation reactions of ruthenium complexes with molecular oxygen. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GetReal: from efficacy in clinical trials to relative effectiveness in the real world
Authors: Egger Matthias , Moons Karel G. M. , Fletcher Christine ,   GetReal Workpackage 4
Published: July 2016

The GetReal consortium (“incorporating real‐life data into drug development”) addresses the efficacy–effectiveness gap that opens between the data from well‐controlled randomized trials in selected patient groups submitted to regulators and the real‐world evidence on effectiveness and safety of drugs required by decision makers. Workpackage 4 of GetReal develops evidence synthesis and modelling approaches to generate the real‐world evidence. In this commentary, we discuss how questions change when moving from the well‐controlled randomized trial setting to real‐life medical practice, the evidence required to answer these questions, the populations to which estimates will be applicable to and the methods and data sources used to produce these estimates. We then introduce the methodological reviews written by GetReal authors and published in Research Synthesis Methods on network meta‐analysis, individual patient data meta‐analysis and mathematical modelling to predict drug effectiveness. The critical reviews of key methods are a good starting point for the ambitious programme of work GetReal has embarked on. The different strands of work under way in GetReal have great potential to contribute to making clinical trials research as relevant as it can be to patients, caregivers and policy makers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verzahnte Moleküle für die Katalyse
Authors: Niemeyer Jochen
Published: July 2016

Mechanisch verzahnte Moleküle wie Rotaxane und Catenane bieten neue Möglichkeiten beim Katalysatordesign – von der nichtkovalenten Verknüpfung mehrerer Katalysatorbausteine bis zum Aufbau nanoskaliger molekularer Maschinen.
Eine Herzklappe aus der Düse
Authors: Hinderer Svenja
Published: July 2016

Elektrospinning verwandelt faserförmige Hybride aus synthetischen Polymeren und natürlichen Proteinen in ein funktionales Material. Das entstehende Gewebe bietet sich als mitwachsender Herzklappenersatz an, eignet sich also besonders für Kinder.
Billiges Öl und teurer Dollar
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: July 2016

Der niedrige Ölpreis beeinflusste die Chemieindustrie weltweit unterschiedlich. Deutsche Unternehmen profitierten vom starken US‐Dollar, die Umsätze gingen allerdings bei vielen zurück. Nur bei Pharma und Spezialchemie stiegen sie fast durchweg.
Industrie präsentiert sich in der Universität
Authors: Ernst Johannes , Garza‐Sanchez Aleyda
Published: July 2016

Mitte Mai fand zum fünften Mal das Symposium „Forschung der Chemischen Industrie” im Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie der Universität Münster statt. Die von den teilnehmenden Firmen und dem SFB „Synergetische Effekte in der Chemie“ finanzierte Veranstaltung ermöglichte wie in den vergangenen vier Jahren den Austausch zwischen Industrie und Universität.
Prenatal screening, diagnosis, and termination of pregnancy in First Nations and rural women
Authors: Winquist Brandace , Muhajarine Nazeem , Ogle Keith , Mpofu Debbie , Lehotay Denis , Teare Gary
Published: July 2016

Objectives

The objectives of the study were to assess differences in utilization of maternal serum screening (MSS) and prenatal diagnostic testing between population subgroups and to determine the impact on chromosomal anomaly birth rates.

Methods

This population‐based cohort study included all female residents from Saskatchewan, Canada, who delivered a baby, experienced a fetal loss, or had a pregnancy termination between 2000 and 2005. In total, 93 171 women were included in the study dataset, with a subset (n = 35 527) evaluated to identify predictors of screening and diagnostic testing. Incidence and live birth prevalence of Down syndrome were compared across populations.

Results

MSS uptake was lower in First Nations (FN) women (9.6% vs 28.4%), and living in a rural health region moderated the difference (p < 0.001). Consequently, fewer chromosomal anomalies were prenatally diagnosed in FN women than in the rest of the population (8.3% vs 27%). Terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly occurred at a lower frequency amongst FN women (0.64 vs 1.34, per 1000 pregnancies), resulting in a smaller effect on Down syndrome birth rates.

Conclusion

Utilization of MSS and diagnostic testing was lower in FN and rural populations. Further research will be necessary to understand the relevance of value preferences and access barriers. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CUSUM Schemes for Monitoring Prespecified Changes in Linear Profiles
Authors: Zhang Yang , Shang Yanfen , He Zhen , Wang Qing
Published: July 2016

Because of the characteristics of a system or process, several prespecified changes may happen in some statistical process control applications. Thus, one possible and challenging problem in profile monitoring is detecting changes away from the ‘normal’ profile toward one of several prespecified ‘bad’ profiles. In this article, to monitor the prespecified changes in linear profiles, two two‐sided cumulative sum (CUSUM) schemes are proposed based on Student's t‐statistic, which use two separate statistics and a single statistic, respectively. Simulation results show that the CUSUM scheme with a single statistic uniformly outperforms that with two separate statistics. Besides, both CUSUM schemes perform better than alternative methods in detecting small shifts in prespecified changes, and become comparable on detecting moderate or large shifts when the number of observations in each profile is large. To overcome the weakness in the proposed CUSUM methods, two modified CUSUM schemes are developed using z‐statistic and studied when the in‐control parameters are estimated. Simulation results indicate that the modified CUSUM chart with a single charting statistic slightly outperforms that with two separate statistics in terms of the average run length and its standard deviation. Finally, illustrative examples indicate that the CUSUM schemes are effective. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Efficient Nonparametric EWMA Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank Chart for Monitoring Location
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Riaz Muhammad , Lin Zhengyan
Published: July 2016

The statistical performance of traditional control charts for monitoring the process shifts is doubtful if the underlying process will not follow a normal distribution. So, in this situation, the use of a nonparametric control charts is considered to be an efficient alternative. In this paper, a nonparametric exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart is developed based on Wilcoxon signed‐rank statistic using ranked set sampling. The average run length and some other associated characteristics were used as the performance evaluation of the proposed chart. A major advantage of the proposed nonparametric EWMA signed‐rank chart is the robustness of its in‐control run length distribution. Moreover, it has been observed that the proposed version of the EWMA signed‐rank chart using ranked set sampling shows better detection ability than some of the competing counterparts including EWMA sign chart, EWMA signed‐rank chart, and the usual EWMA control chart using simple random sampling scheme. An illustrative example is also provided for practical consideration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the HALA effect in the NMR carbon shielding constants of the compounds containing heavy p‐elements
Authors: Rusakov Yu. Yu. , Rusakova Irina L. , Krivdin Leonid B.
Published: July 2016

The heavy atom (HA) effect on the NMR isotropic carbon shielding constants is computationally investigated in the series of model ethanes, ethylenes, and acetylenes, CβH3CαH2XHn, CβH2CαHXHn, CβHCαXHn (n = 0, 1, 2, or 3 depending on X), where X covers p‐elements in the 13–17 groups of the 3–6 periods in as many as 60 compounds. Compounds under study provide diverse bonding situations for the α‐ and β‐carbons, which are characterized by the consecutive increase of the s‐character of the CβCα and CαX bonds, being one of the factors influencing spin‐orbit part of the HA on light atom effect (SO‐HALA). The “chalcogen dependence,” “pnictogen dependence,” “tetrel dependence,” and “triel dependence” are established for the 16th, 15th, 14th, and 13th groups, respectively. A well‐known “normal halogen dependence” for the 13C NMR chemical shifts, established much earlier for the compounds containing 17th group elements, also revealed itself in all three series under investigation. The dependence of the spin‐orbit effects size depending on the number of the lone electron pairs (LEPs) on HA X has also been investigated. The comparison of theoretical 13C NMR chemical shifts with experiment is performed for three representative tellurides. The HALA effect in this series has been shown to be strongly dependent on the number of tellurium LEPs.
Revocable and strongly unforgeable identity‐based signature scheme in the standard model
Authors: Liu Zhenhua , Zhang Xiangsong , Hu Yupu , Takagi Tsuyoshi
Published: July 2016

Revocation functionality is crucial for the practicality of the public key cryptosystems, especially for that of identity‐based cryptosystems. When some users lose their private keys, the cryptosystems must support an efficient revocation method to revoke such users. On the other hand, strong unforgeability provides stronger security than existential unforgeability and ensures the adversary cannot even produce a new signature for a previously signed message. However, existing revocable identity‐based signature schemes can support neither efficient key revocation nor strong unforgeability. In this paper, we propose a strongly unforgeable identity‐based signature scheme with efficient revocation. In the proposed scheme, the master key is randomly divided into two parts: one is used to construct the initial secret key, the other is used to generate the key update. Furthermore, they are used to periodically and re‐randomly produce signing keys for non‐revoked users. Thus, the proposed scheme can efficiently revoke users and resist key exposure attacks. In the standard model, our scheme is proven to be strongly unforgeable under the CDH hardness assumption. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.