bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valoración nutricional de ensilajes de corona de piña con adición de heno y urea
Authors: López-Herrera Michael , WingChing-Jones Rodolfo , Rojas-Bourrillon Augusto
Published: April 2016

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de incluir heno como mejorador de la MS y urea como fuente de nitrógeno no proteico (NNP) en la capacidad fermentativa y valor nutricional de ensilajes de coronas de piña como alimento para rumiantes. El trabajo fue realizado utilizando la técnica de micro silos en bolsas de 1kg. Se establecieron 2 niveles de urea (0, 0,5 % p/p en base fresca), 4 niveles de heno (0, 10, 20, 30 % p/p en base fresca) y un único nivel de inóculo bacterial (1 L/ton) para todos los tratamientos. Conforme se incrementa el contenido de heno en la mezcla ensilada se reduce el pH obtenido y el contenido de NH3/NT, lo que asegura una adecuada conservación del material, mayores contenidos de heno se asociaron con mayor contenido de MS, que mejora el aporte de nutrimentos, sin embargo, también aumenta los contenidos de FDN, FDA y CEN, lo que podría reducir la capacidad de consumo y la digestibilidad de los ensilados. La inclusión de urea permite mejorar el contenido de PC utilizando nitrógeno no proteico, no obstante conforme se aumenta la inclusión de heno en los ensilados así disminuye el contenido de PC, obteniéndose una reducción entre 4,6 – 34 % en el contenido de PC de los ensilados. Todas las fracciones de la energía disminuyen conforme aumenta el contenido de heno en los tratamientos. De acuerdo al contenido de FDN los tratamientos podrían ser consumidos a razón de 7,99 – 9,17 kg MS día-1. La degradabilidad de la PC de los tratamientos fluctuó entre 71 y 88 % h-1.   Se realizaron simulaciones para determinar el potencial productivo de los materiales ensilados de acuerdo al consumo y aporte de PC y de ENL, se determinó que los tratamientos ensilados podrían producir entre 0,34 – 7,65kg leche vaca-1 día-1.
Variaciones de β caroteno en sangre de vacas lecheras durante el periodo post parto
Authors: Aguiar-Zalzano Eduardo , Rojas-Bourrillon Augusto
Published: April 2016

El caroteno es el principal precursor de la vitamina A, la cual es muy importante en los procesos reproductivos e inmunológicos del animal. Durante el estudio se pudo notar que las concentraciones sanguíneas de β caroteno caen considerablemente al momento del parto, para posteriormente incrementarse de forma paulatina hasta los 90 días post parto. De igual forma se pudo notar que las vacas que presentaron una concentración sanguínea promedio de 5,87 mg/ml (587 μg/dl) tuvieron un mayor índice de preñez, si se compara con las vacas que presentaron concentraciones promedios de 4,31 mg/ml (431 μg/dl), sugiriendo una correlación entre las concentraciones de caroteno al parto sobre la instauración temprana de una gestación.
La Ovinocultura en Costa Rica: Caracterización Sectorial Año 2014
Authors: Mora-Valverde David , Chacón-Villalobos Alejandro
Published: April 2016

En el primer semestre de 2014 se realizó una encuesta en Costa Rica a 184 productores de ovinos con el fin de caracterizar sus variables sociales, comerciales y zootécnicas de sus explotaciones. Se consideró variables generales como la mano de obra empleada en la finca, el uso del suelo y el inventario de los animales, el manejo zootécnico, la comercialización, y la percepción del productor hacia el sector. Para la mayoría de los productores, la actividad de la cría de ovejas (53,2%) no importa mucho económicamente, ni representan su principal fuente de ingresos.  La edad media de los agricultores es de 45 años. La mayoría de ellos tienen un alto nivel educativo.  La experiencia media de la cría de ovejas es de 5,3 años.  El capital humano involucrado viene de dentro de la familia y de la mano de obra contratada también.  El tamaño medio del hato llegar a ser de 93 animales. La cuenta total de animales fue de 17.360, con una proporción del 56% de hembras reproductoras en el inventario total, y una proporción de hembras / sementales de 25 a 1.  Se estimó una tasa media global de 5,56 animales por hectárea.  La raza más mencionada entre los productores fue la Kathadin.  El uso de un sistema de semipastoreo fue predominante.  Dado el carácter novedoso de la actividad, la mitad de los productores aún no han comercializado animales en pie.  Se observaron diferencias importantes de hasta el 200% y más cuando se trata del pago por kg / canal.  El productor de ovejas de Costa Rica hace un mal uso de la intervención técnica, un hecho que puede conducir a una potencial pérdida de productividad.  Es necesario fortalecer sus procesos desde el punto de vista de una producción de carne más eficiente.
Discurso Inaugural Conmemoración del XXX Aniversario Centro de investigación en Nutrición Animal
Authors: Rojas-Bourrillón Augusto
Published: April 2016

Discurso pronunciado el 1 de octubre de 2015, en el Auditorio de la Ciudad de la Investigación. Universidad de Costa Rica; como parte de la Conmemoración al XXX Aniversario del Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal (CINA).
Inocuidad microbiológica de los alimentos para animales en Costa Rica
Authors: Molina-Alvarado Andrea , Granados-Chinchilla Fabio
Published: April 2016

En esta revisión se analizan 3 contaminantes distintos que afectan directamente la inocuidad alimentaria y que están siendo investigados constantemente en Costa Rica y forman parte de programas de vigilancia a nivel nacional e internacional. Los mismos debido a su importancia en salud humana y animal han sido investigados en alimentos para animales comercializados en Costa Rica por investigadores del Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal (CINA) en conjunto con otros grupos de investigación del país y los resultados más relevantes de estas investigaciones serán discutidos brevemente en esta revisión.
Enfermedades metabólicas y su impacto en la productividad del ganado lechero
Authors: Saborío-Montero Alejandro
Published: April 2016

En este artículo se resumen los hallazgos obtenidos de una serie de proyectos de investigación sobre enfermedades metabólicas en ganado lechero. Estos proyectos fueron adscritos a la Vicerrectoría de Investigación de la Universidad de Costa Rica en el periodo comprendido entre el año 2011 y 2015, y se desarrollaron de manera conjunta entre el Centro de Investigaciones en Nutrición Animal y la Escuela de Zootecnia.
Sistemas Alternativos de producción: El caso de la producción orgánica
Authors: López-Herrera Michael
Published: April 2016

Las experiencias generadas en otros países muestran que, las prácticas utilizadas en los sistemas de producción orgánicas ocasionan que estos sistemas sean tan productivos como los sistemas convencionales sin embargo no existe documentación acerca de experiencias a nivel nacional en el área pecuaria.  Por tal motivo el objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una recopilación de las investigaciones que se han venido realizando en el CINA como parte de una línea de investigación que busca el apoyo a este tipo de sistemas de producción. En esta investigación se presenta una recopilación de los principales trabajos realizados por el Centro de Investigaciones en Nutrición Animal en las áreas de medicina veterinaria alternativa y en el área de uso de subproductos agroindustriales para alimentación alternativa de animales en sistemas de producción orgánica.           
Conformational and Morphological Study of Chitosan Nanohydrogels by MD Simulation and SEM
Authors: Pineda-Pimentel María G. , Vasquez-García Salomón R. , Flores-Ramírez Nelly , Farías-Sánchez Juan C.
Published: April 2016

Chitosan is biocompatible polymer has a great commercial interest because it can be processed in a sort of devices varying in shape and size, such as membranes, gels and nanoparticles. Mostly, the cell’s attachment and proliferation are very positive on nanostructurated materials with a three-dimensional formation. An irreversible network can be produced by covalently binding the polymer to the cross-linker molecules. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. This crosss-liker mostly reacts with chitosan amino groups. In order to control and understand the physical characteristics of chitosan nanoparticle, in this work is showed the molecular behavior of chitosan/glutaraldehyde from the viewpoint of molecular interactions base in a series of molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulation. The results indicated the conformations of both molecules, which had a significant influence on the molecular association. The chitosan chains were uniformly distributed presenting a high flexibility and preference for the relaxed two-fold helix. This was due to the various associations such as intramolecular chitosan interactions –O-H···O-C-. While the chitosan-glutaraldehyde associations were due to the positive net charge density of hydrogens in the chitosan plus - H2N···C=O associations. In solid state chitosan nano and microparticles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to the micrographs results, the nanoparticles presented a monomorphism with piles of particles arranged in linear order which was consistent with the conformations determined by simulation.
Structural and Optical Properties of Co-doped HfO2 Multi-layer Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Technique
Authors: Radamés R. M. , Guzmán Mendoza J. , Valderrama Z A. , Lartundo-Rojas L. , Díaz Góngora J. A.
Published: April 2016

The optical and structural properties of co-doped HfO2 thin films with rare earth trivalent ions prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique, are reported. An arrangement of multi-layer (Si-SiO2-HfO2:Eu3+-HfO2:Tb3+-HfO2:Tm3+-SiO2) were deposited on silicon substrates at temperatures from 400 to 550°C, using acetyl acetonates as precursory reagents. A refractive index value of 2.1 was determined by spectral ellipsometry. The surface morphology was obtained by AFM measurements. For 50 to 550 nm thickness films, an average roughness value of ∼56.8 Å was obtained for different substrate temperatures and grown deposition times. EDS measurements showed the presence of hafnium, and rare earths dopants as elemental composition. XPS measurements demonstrated that hafnium and rare earths oxidation species are formed at hafnium dioxide thin films. Photoluminescence emission spectra of multi-layer structures present characteristic emission peaks associated with Tb+3, Eu3+, and Tm3+ dopants. The results presented above motivate us to consider that these multilayer structures could be appropriate to be used as a rare earth host to improve optical emission.
ĐẶC TRƯNG NGUỒN LỢI SINH VẬT ĐÁY CÁC VÙNG NƯỚC ĐẦM MIỀN TRUNG
Authors: Ngai Phan Duc , Tuan Vo Si , Long Nguyen Van , Tuyen Hua Thai , Khang Nguyen An
Published: April 2016

Đặc trưng nguồn lợi sinh vật đáy các vùng nước đầm miền Trung được xác định thông qua 10 chuyến điều tra khảo sát từ năm 2008 - 2013. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã xác định được 18 loài sinh vật đáy có giá trị kinh tế chủ yếu, trong đó gồm: 8 loài hai mảnh vỏ (Bivalvia), 2 loài chân bụng (Gastropoda) và 8 loài giáp xác (Crustacea). Nhóm hai mảnh vỏ chiếm ưu thế về sản lượng ở Đề Gi và Thị Nại nhưng ở Nha Phu và Thủy Triều thì nhóm giáp xác lại chiếm ưu thế. Sản lượng sinh vật đáy của 4 đầm trên tập trung chủ yếu vào 5 loài gồm: Gari elongata (Đề Gi), Glauconome chinensis và Potamocorbula cf. laevis (Thị Nại), Portunus pelagicus (Nha Phu và Thủy Triều). Đa số nguồn lợi sinh vật đáy thuộc nhóm sống vùi, sinh sống ở vùng triều và tập trung chủ yếu ở đáy cát. Kết quả nghiên cứu này cung cấp cơ sở khoa học cho việc nghiên cứu sâu hơn về chuỗi, lưới thức ăn và cung cấp dữ liệu cho quy hoạch, phân vùng và khai thác nguồn lợi thủy sản hợp lý.
Effect of superplasticisers on the hydration process, products and microstructure of tricalcium aluminate paste in the presence of gypsum
Authors: Zhang Yunsheng , Zhu Weiwei , Liu Guojian , Orozco Carlos , Monteiro Paulo J. M.
Published: April 2016

The effects of three commonly used superplasticisers (SPs) – sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF), sulfonated acetone formaldehyde (SAF) and polycarboxylates (PCB) – on the hydration process, products and microstructure of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) pastes in the presence of gypsum were systematically investigated using isothermal calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, environmental scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and magic angle spinning–nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results show that the hydration reaction rate of C3A paste at the initial stage (0–2 h) was promoted by the incorporation of SPs, especially in the C3A–SNF paste. Hydration was rapidly reduced at the early stage (2–12 h), but an acceleration in C3A–SNF/PCB pastes occurred again at the late stage. The morphology of the C3A–SNF/SAF paste changed from thin needle-shaped crystals at the initial stages to thick and coarse rod-like crystals at late stages. In the C3A–PCB paste, very few crystals occurred at an early age, while a large amount of prismatic crystals were observed at the later age. Chemical environment studies revealed that the SPs did not visibly change the position or shape of the characteristic bands of aluminates, but only influenced their relative intensities. A predominant resonance, assigned to six-coordinated aluminium as [AlO6] type, was observed for all the pastes with and without SP. The interaction mechanism between SP and C3A was also explored.
Characterisation of dusts from cement plants with respect to parameters relevant for storage and transport
Authors: Lanzerstorfer Christof
Published: April 2016

In cement plants, large amounts of dust are generated and these have to be separated from various off-gases before discharge. The physical and flow properties of these dusts are important for the design and operation of the dust separation process and handling and storage facilities. In this study, five cement kiln dusts and three dusts from other sources in cement production were investigated. Shear tests showed that the flowability of most dust is very poor. Furthermore, the flowability depends on the consolidation stress: the higher the consolidation stress, the better the flowability. Three flowability indicators – the angle of repose, the Hausner ratio and Carr's compressibility – were also determined, but these indicators produced very inconsistent results. In most cases, the flowability of the dust was overestimated. Therefore, shear tests are strongly recommended for reliable categorisation of the flowability of dusts from cement plants.
A Nationally Representative Study of Calcific Uremic Arteriolopathy Risk Factors
Authors: Nigwekar Sagar U. , Zhao Sophia , Wenger Julia , Hymes Jeffrey L. , Maddux Franklin W. , Thadhani Ravi I. , Chan Kevin E.
Published: April 2016

Accurate identification of risk factors for calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) is necessary to develop preventive strategies for this morbid disease. We investigated whether baseline factors recorded at hemodialysis initiation would identify patients at risk for future CUA in a matched case-control study using data from a large dialysis organization. Hemodialysis patients with newly diagnosed CUA (n=1030) between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014, were matched by age, sex, and race in a 1:2 ratio to hemodialysis patients without CUA (n=2060). Mean ages for patients and controls were 54 and 55 years, respectively; 67% of participants were women and 49% were white. Median duration between hemodialysis initiation and subsequent CUA development was 925 days (interquartile range, 273–2185 days). In multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses, diabetes mellitus; higher body mass index; higher levels of serum calcium, phosphorous, and parathyroid hormone; and nutritional vitamin D, cinacalcet, and warfarin treatments were associated with increased odds of subsequent CUA development. Compared with patients with diabetes receiving no insulin injections, those receiving insulin injections had a dose-response increase in the odds of CUA involving lower abdomen and/or upper thigh areas (odds ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.51 for one or two injections per day; odds ratio, 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.30 to 3.43 for 3 injections per day; odds ratio, 3.74; 95% confidence interval, 2.28 to 6.25 for more than three injections per day), suggesting a dose-effect relationship between recurrent skin trauma and CUA risk. The presence of risk factors months to years before CUA development observed in this study will direct the design of preventive strategies and inform CUA pathobiology.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Incident CKD and Progression to ESRD
Authors: Xie Yan , Bowe Benjamin , Li Tingting , Xian Hong , Balasubramanian Sumitra , Al-Aly Ziyad
Published: April 2016

The association between proton pump inhibitors (PPI) use and risk of acute interstitial nephritis has been described. However, whether exposure to PPI associates with incident CKD, CKD progression, or ESRD is not known. We used Department of Veterans Affairs national databases to build a primary cohort of new users of PPI (n=173,321) and new users of histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2blockers;n=20,270) and followed these patients over 5 years to ascertain renal outcomes. In adjusted Cox survival models, the PPI group, compared with the H2blockers group, had an increased risk of incident eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2and of incident CKD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.18 to 1.26; and HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.34, respectively). Patients treated with PPI also had a significantly elevated risk of doubling of serum creatinine level (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.42 to 1.65), of eGFR decline >30% (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.37), and of ESRD (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.18). Furthermore, we detected a graded association between duration of PPI exposure and risk of renal outcomes among those exposed to PPI for 31–90, 91–180, 181–360, and 361–720 days compared with those exposed for ≤30 days. Examination of risk of renal outcomes in 1:1 propensity score-matched cohorts of patients taking H2blockers versus patients taking PPI and patients taking PPI versus controls yielded consistent results. Our results suggest that PPI exposure associates with increased risk of incident CKD, CKD progression, and ESRD.
The Crisis in Ukraine and the Split of Identity in the Russian-speaking World
Authors: Fialkova Larisa , Yelenevskaia Maria
Published: April 2016

The events of 2014 in Ukraine triggered a wave of discussions and narratives rewriting history and reexamining allegiances and cultural affinities. Material for the study was drawn from Facebook, blogs and internet discussion forums, folk humor disseminated online, personal correspondence and participant observation. This essay discusses how opinions are formed in the diaspora and how they are affected by different sources of information. The attitude to events in Ukraine has turned into a litmus test in personal relations, sometimes leading to a break up of friendships and family relations. Our analyses will disclose ambivalences in the perception of Ukrainian crisis in the diaspora. Those who support Ukraine do not necessarily come from that country or have cultural affinities with it and not all Ukrainian supporters identify with democratic values. Critics of the current Ukrainian government do not always support the actions of Putin’s Russia. Among them there are also people from Ukraine and able to speak Ukrainian. Like many political conflicts this one fueled nationalism not only in the participating countries but also in the Russian-speaking diaspora.
Actuaciones de las Organizaciones no Gubernamentales: Eficacia y Eficiencia
Authors: Ayaviri Nina Víctor Dante
Published: April 2016

RESUMEN

La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar los métodos que permiten valorar la eficacia y la eficiencia en las actuaciones de las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales que ejecutan proyectos de desarrollo; para ello se realiza una revisión de la literatura, y se plantean criterios que coadyuvan en su medición, como son la pertinencia, que establecen si las actuaciones se encuentran en consonancia con sus objetivos; la eficacia operativa, cuya ratio cuantifica en qué medida la Organización No Gubernamental ha cumplido sus previsiones en lo que a sus actuaciones se refiere; el grado de coordinación; la ratio de eficiencia en la administración de recursos financieros, y la evaluación de la eficiencia productiva, dado un input en la función de producción para alcanzar un determinado output. Las conclusiones recogen las propuestas más relevantes y establece a su vez, la importancia de implantarlos en los procesos de ejecución de proyectos y programas.

 

 

ABSTRACT

This research aims to determine methods for assessing effectiveness and efficiency in non-government development organizations. For this, literature was reviewed and different criteria were laid down, considering for instance, relevance, and consistency of actions and objectives; also operational efficiency is measured, looking into whether Non-governmental organizations actions forecasts have been complied with or not; aside from these, coordination degree, efficiency ratio – related to financial resources management – and productive efficiency are graded as well as production input and output. Conclusions reflect the most relevant proposals, setting-up the scenario for implementing them for projects and programs’ processes.
Índice de trabajo decente en el Perú: Elaboración y análisis comparativo a nivel Regional
Authors: Goyzueta Torresa Gino Isac , Tudela Mamani Juan Walter , Canahuire Sejje Eliseo
Published: April 2016

RESUMEN

 

En el presente artículo se propone la elaboración y evaluación de un índice sobre el trabajo decente (ITD) para las veinticuatro regiones del Perú en el periodo 2004-2013, utilizando el análisis multivariado mediante la técnica de componentes principales. La evaluación comparativa del ITD muestra diferencias entre regiones del Perú, siendo las de mayor puntaje las regiones de Lima (0,6609), Madre de Dios (0,6607) y Moquegua (0,6545), y las regiones de menor puntaje Huancavelica (0,5076), Huánuco (0,5168), Cajamarca (0,5218) y Puno (0,5285). Se demuestra que las regiones con menores puntajes en el ITD son menos competitivas, por lo tanto, la recomendación de política pública para mejorar la competitividad de la región Puno debe estar orientado a mejorar el ITD en sus componentes de empleo y educación.

 

INDEX OF DECENT WORK IN PERU: ELABORATION AND REGIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

 

ABSTRACT

 

In this article the development and evaluation of a decent work index (ITD) to twenty-four regions of Peru during the period 2004-2013 using multivariate analysis with principal components. ITD benchmarking shows differences between regions of Peru, being the highest scoring regions of Lima (0,6609), Madre de Dios (0,6607) and Moquegua (0,6545) and lower regions of Huancavelica score (0,5076) Huánuco (0,5168), Cajamarca (0,5218) and Puno (0,5285). We show that the regions with lower scores in the ITD are less competitive, thus recommending public policy to improve the competitiveness of the Puno region should be aimed at improving the ITD in their employment and education components.

 

 

 
Empathy Impairments in Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators With Antisocial and Borderline Traits: A Key Factor in the Risk of Recidivism
Authors: Romero-Martínez Ángel , Lila Marisol , Moya-Albiol Luis
Published: April 2016

Antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic personality traits have been described as characteristics of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators. Furthermore, deficits in cognitive empathy and impairments in emotional decoding processes may at least partially explain conduct disorders and social dysfunction in general. However, previous research has not explored potential associations between empathy deficits and the aforementioned traits or whether they are reflected in recidivism in IPV perpetrators. Accordingly, the main aim of this study was to explore associations between empathy deficits, antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic traits and the risk of recidivism in this population. The sample consisted of 144 IPV perpetrators (mean age = 41 years). High antisocial and borderline personality traits in this sample were associated with a high risk of recidivism, these relationships being moderated by poor empathy skills. Moreover, in IPV perpetrators with both antisocial and borderline personality traits, the risk of recidivism was higher than in those with only one of these traits. In contrast, narcissistic traits were unrelated to the risk of recidivism and impairments in empathy. The results of our study highlight the importance of empathy deficits and may help professionals to develop specific intervention programs focusing on improving empathy skills in antisocial and borderline IPV perpetrators.
Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Cognitive Vulnerability Related to the Etiology of Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Prousky Jonathan E.
Published: April 2016

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by persistent and irrational fears related to the presence of other people and which are accompanied by the persistent belief of being judged or evaluated. The prevalence of SAD in Canada varies somewhat between several sources, but it is known to be a prevalent anxiety disorder. Research has identified significant vulnerabilities implicated in the development of SAD, which include genetic and temperament (i.e., heritable) factors, cognitive processes, dyadic parent–child interactions, personality factors, and adverse environmental experiences. A particular cognitive vulnerability related to SAD and which is garnering more research attention is intolerance to uncertainty (IU). IU is related to insecurities about the unknown and an inability to accept (i.e., tolerate) an unknown and uncontrollable future. IU is responsible for some proportion of the variance in social anxiety symptoms (SAS) that happen before, during, and/or after social encounters. What remains to be determined is how much does IU contribute to the maintenance of SAS and the development of SAD? The author reviews preliminary research suggesting that the cognitive vulnerability of IU plays a role in SAS and in the etiology of SAD. Future research directions are also explored.
How Effective Are Antipsychotic Medications?
Authors: Ross Colin A.
Published: April 2016

A review of the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications was conducted with a focus on quetiapine, olanzapine, and clozapine. The different antipsychotics are equally effective if given in equivalent doses; therefore, what is true of one is true of all. In large, randomized, placebo-controlled studies, less than 15% of participants respond to antipsychotics, and in many trials less than 10%, if a response is defined as an 80% or greater reduction in symptom scores. Dropout rates are very high in long-term studies such as the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study (74%). A common definition of a “responder” in antipsychotic studies is a score reduction of 40% or greater, but in most studies, a participant can have a score reduction of 40% and still be psychotic enough to be reenrolled in the trial. Given the high percentage of nonresponders to antipsychotic medications, greater research and clinical emphasis should be placed on psychosocial interventions.
Vulcanus 2.0: A Recommender System for Accessibility
Authors: Cardoso Ismael Gomes , Mota Bruno , Barbosa Jorge Luis Victoria , Righi Rodrigo Da Rosa
Published: April 2016

Even though the use of recommender systems is already widely spread in several application areas, there is still a lack of studies for accessibility research field. One of these attempts to use recommender system benefits for accessibility needs is Vulcanus. The Vulcanus recommender system uses similarity analysis to compare user’s trails. In this way, it is possible to take advantage of the user’s past behavior and distribute personalized content and services. The Vulcanus combined concepts from ubiquitous computing, such as user profiles, context awareness, trails management, and similarity analysis. It uses two different approaches for trails similarity analysis: resources patterns and categories patterns. In this work we performed an asymptotic analysis, identifying Vulcanus’ algorithm complexity. Furthermore we also propose improvements achieved by dynamic programming technique, so the ordinary case is improved by using a bottom-up approach. With that approach, many unnecessary comparisons can be skipped and now Vulcanus 2.0 is presented with improvements in its average case scenario.
Combining Leaf Shape and Texture for Costa Rican Plant Species
Authors: Carranza-Rojas Jose , Mata-Montero Erick
Published: April 2016

In the last decade, research in Computer Vision has developed several algorithms to help botanists and non-experts to classify plants based on images of their leaves. LeafSnap is a mobile application that uses a multiscale curvature model of the leaf margin to classify leaf images into species. It has achieved high levels of accuracy on 184 tree species from Northeast US. We extend the research that led to the development of LeafSnap along two lines. First, LeafSnap’s underlying algorithms are applied to a set of 66 tree species from Costa Rica. Then, texture is used as an additional criterion to measure the level of improvement achieved in the automatic identification of Costa Rica tree species. A 25.6% improvement was achieved for a Costa Rican clean image dataset and 42.5% for a Costa Rican noisy image dataset. In both cases, our results show this increment as statistically significant. Further statistical analysis of visual noise impact, best algorithm combinations per species, and best value of k , the minimal cardinality of the set of candidate species that the tested algorithms render as best matches is also presented in this research.
Recent surgical advances in Peyronie’s Disease
Authors: Gaspar Sandro , Dias José Santos , Martins Francisco , Lopes Tomé
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Peyronie’s disease, a fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea of the penis, has been associated with penile shortening and some degree of erectile dysfunction. It affects patient’s quality of life, leading to severe psychological, mental, and physical stress. Penile deformation hampers sexual life leading to depression, lack of sexual confidence, loss of sexual function and performance anxiety. Peyronie’s disease etiology is yet to be known.
Material and Methods: Literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases in January 2015 in order to identify papers related to Peyronie’s disease, concerning evolving surgical management, technique, outcomes as well as ancillary treatments. Publications not concerning humans were not considered. We identified original articles, review articles, and editorials addressing the subject. All articles published in the English language were selected for screening. The eligibility criteria for inclusion were based on relevance concerning the subject.
Results: The variety of penile deformities associated with Peyronie’s disease still doesn’t have an effective and reliable non-surgical therapy. We summarize the updated surgical techniques and management algorithm described for Peyronie’s disease.
Discussion: Surgical management shares similar goals: correcting the curvature, preserving erectile function and penile length, and minimizing morbidity.
Conclusion: To date there is no high level of evidence-based data to determine the best surgical treatment of Peyronie’s disease. After proper diagnosis, surgical reconstruction should be based on giving a functional penis, that is, rectifying the penis with rigidity enough to enable sexual intercourse.

 
Será Doença de Fabry? Abordagem Diagnóstica e de Seguimento
Authors: Beirao Idalina , Cabrita Ana , Torres Márcia , Silva Fernando , Aguiar Patrício , Gomes Ana Marta
Published: April 2016

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Reuma.pt – a case study
Authors: Santos Maria J , Canhão Helena , Faustino Augusto , Fonseca João Eurico
Published: April 2016

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Zanos pri visokošolskih učiteljih z vidika delovnih zahtev in delovnih virov
Authors: Habe Katarina , Tement Sara
Published: April 2016

Namen naše raziskave je bil raziskati delovne vire in zahteve ter njihovo povezanost z zanosom pri delu. V skladu s tridimenzionalnim modelom zanosa smo proučevali zatopljenost, zadovoljstvo pri delu in notranjo motivacijo na delovnem mestu kot ločene dimenzije. Vzorec je zajemal 293 visokošolskih učiteljev po Sloveniji. Udeleženci so ocenjevali stopnjo delovnega zanosa, delovnih zahtev (npr. splošne delovne obremenitve) in delovnih virov (npr. raznolikost in avtonomija) s pomočjo slovenske različice Vprašalnika o zanosu pri delu in Lestvice delovnih zahtev/ virov. Hipoteze so bile preverjene s pomočjo multiple regresije, pri čemer smo preučevali glavni in interaktivni učinek delovnih virov in zahtev. Rezultati so pokazali, da sta avtonomija in raznolikost pozitivno povezani z zatopljenostjo, zadovoljstvom na delovnem mestu in notranjo motivacijo pri delu. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je avtonomija najpomembnejši napovednik vseh treh dimenzij zanosa pri delu. Po drugi strani delovna obremenitev ni bila povezana z nobeno od dimenzij zanosa pri delu. Potrjen je bil tudi interaktivni učinek raznolikosti in delovne obremenitve ter raznolikosti in avtonomije na zatopljenost pri delu.
EKSTRAK DAUN PANDAN (Pandanus amaryllifous Roxb) SEBAGAI INHIBITOR KOROSI BAJA SS-304 DALAM LARUTAN H2SO4
Authors: Kayadoe Victor , Fadli Muhamad , Hasim Rahman , Tomasoa Mitra
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi  inhibisi  dan laju korosi baja SS-304 dalam larutan H2SO4menggunakan ekstrak daun pandan (Pandanus amaryllifous Roxb)  dengan metode gravimetri. Ekstrak daun  pandan diperoleh melalui ekstraksi maserasi menggunakan etanol. Hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak daun pandan menunjukkan adanya kandungan senyawa-senyawa metabolit sekunder flavonoid, steroid, alkaloid, antrakuinon, dan tanin. Pada uji inhibisi korosi, dilakukan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun pandan dan suhu untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap efisiensi inhibisi korosi baja SS-304 dalam larutan H2SO4 1 M selama 3 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi inhibisi meningkat dengan peningkatan konsentrasi inhibitor, yang berarti semakin menurunnya laju korosi. Efisiensi inhibisi optimum diperoleh pada konsentrasi inhibitor 0,8%, yakni 89,06% dengan laju korosi 5,15 mm/tahun. Sebaliknya, meningkatnya suhu mengakibatkan menurunnya efisiensi inhibisi, yang berarti meningkatnya laju korosi. Efisiensi terrendah diperoleh pada suhu 50 °C, yakni 11,56%  dengan laju korosi 74,33 mm/tahun.
Las mujeres en Castilla-La Mancha
Authors: Uña Juárez Octavio , Bleda José María , Centelles Bolós Felipe
Published: April 2016

Se presenta aquí una investigación que nos da a conocer la situación real de la mujer castellano-manchega, describe la evolución de ésta en los últimos años (1991-1995), y analiza cuantitativamente diferentes indicadores sociales, disponiendo de una visión lo más completa posible de la realidad de las castellano-manchegas.
Maturation of Nile-Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Oocytes With Exposed by Goat Inhibin Isolated from Granulose Cells
Authors: Linggi Yulianus , A Aulanni’am , Risjani Yenni , N. Siregar Tongku
Published: April 2016

The present study aimed to investigate the role of inhibin in the regulation of oocytesmaturation. Inhibin was isolated from goat granulose cells and injected by intraperitoneal in to femaleNile-Tilapia. Three days later its gonad was taken by decapitation and the change of oocyte was evaluatedunder microscope. Results showed that average of percentages of oocytes that undergo maturated after exposed with inhibin of 0, 20, 40, and 60µg/individual 50.05, 29.44, 21.46, and 30.83%, respectively.The exposure of doses of goat inhibin in Nile-Tilapia showed significantly different (P0.01) to percentages of mature oocytes. It was conluded that exposition of goat inhibin from granulose cells caninducing the maturation of Nile-Tilapia oocytes.Keywords: inhibin, maturation, oocytes
Characterization of Five Naturally Occurring Alleles at the Sugary1 Locus for Seed Composition, Seedling Emergence, and Isoamylase1 Activity
Authors: Trimble Loren , Shuler Stacie , Tracy William F.
Published: April 2016

The mutant su1‐ref allele is of interest in the commercial sweet maize (Zea mays L.) industry. It was the only starch synthesis mutation used for sweet maize until the 1960s and is still used today, especially in combinations with other loci. The wild‐type Su1 allele produces a starch debranching‐type isoamylase, ISA1, required for normal amylopectin and starch granule crystal formation in maize endosperm. Five naturally occurring mutant alleles have been identified at the su1 locus, but they have not been characterized for seedling emergence, field traits, mature kernel composition, or ISA1 enzyme activity. These five alleles were backcrossed to A619 and A632, two modern field maize inbreds. The su1 inbreds and wild‐type checks were grown in El Monte, Chile, in 2009 to 2010 and Madison, WI, in 2010 to 2011 for seed production to evaluate seedling emergence, field traits, and mature kernel composition. In a greenhouse in Madison, WI, in 2011 to 2012, the su1 inbreds were grown and kernels were harvested at 20 d after pollination (DAP) for enzymatic analysis. Significant differences were identified among the su1 inbreds, where su1‐ne was consistently poorer for emergence and field traits and the su1‐pu allele was consistently better than the other su1 mutant alleles for the evaluated traits. Differences were observed in the presence of ISA1 enzyme; however, no functional ISA1 enzyme activity was observed. Further research is necessary to elucidate the differences for appearance, carbohydrate composition, and seed germination and emergence traits in lines with no functional ISA1 enzyme activity.
Performance of Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] Genotypes for Yield and Yield Components Under Drought‐Stressed and Non‐Stressed Conditions
Authors: Abraha Mizan Tesfay , Shimelis Hussein , Laing Mark , Assefa Kebebew
Published: April 2016

Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is a staple food crop in Ethiopia, and has become known globally as a health food for its gluten‐free flour, which also has a unique nutritional profile. A key to successful variety development through designed breeding is the use of diverse genetic resources, especially when breeding for complex traits such as tolerance to drought stress. The objective of this study was to assess the response of genetically diverse populations of tef genotypes for yield and yield components, with special emphasis on drought‐stress tolerance, to select promising parents for breeding. One hundred forty‐four tef genotypes were evaluated, involving four experiments representing optimum moisture and drought‐stressed environments. Data from the non‐stressed and drought‐stressed environments were subjected to multivariate analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Days‐to‐maturity, plant height, panicle length, and panicle seed weight were positively correlated with grain yield in non‐stressed conditions, while these traits had negative correlations with grain yield under drought‐stressed conditions. The genotypes DZ‐Cr‐387, DZ‐01‐787, DZ‐01‐3186, 9432, 9403, 9415, 205917, 205896, 215678, 213237, Jano, Kaye‐Agachew, Purpurea, Kaye‐Murri, and Dschanger were selected as promising parents with superior grain yields, low levels of lodging, tall plant height and long panicles in a non‐stressed environment. Conversely, the genotypes DZ‐Cr‐385, DZ‐Cr‐37, HO‐Cr‐136, DZ‐01‐2053, Dabbi, 207832, Zagure, and Shawa‐Gemerra were selected as superior parents for their early maturity and good yield performances under drought stress.
Quality Characteristics of Glyphosate‐Tolerant Canola Cultivars Containing a Glyphosate Acetyltransferase Transgene (Event DP‐Ø73496‐4)
Authors: McClinchey Scott L. , Gillespie J. Brent , Fisher Tracey L. , Taylor Kerry , Challender Mary , Schmidt Daria H.
Published: April 2016

Canola (Brassica napus L.) was transformed with an insert that expresses the GAT4621 protein, conferring tolerance to the nonselective herbicidal ingredient glyphosate. Event DP‐Ø73496‐4 (trade name Optimum GLY Canola) was introgressed into additional female inbred genetic backgrounds and hybrid seed lots were created to evaluate canola quality characteristics for cultivar registration in Canada. Field trials were conducted in 2012 and 2013 across several locations in appropriate maturity zones for the cultivars. Results indicated no difference for key canola quality parameters across genetic backgrounds and locations. The oil content (at 8.5% moisture) for Optimum GLY canola cultivars in these trials ranged from 40.6 to 50.3% and was within the industry range (35.6–51.2%) for samples graded Canola, No. 1 Canada from 2012 and 2013. The international standard for erucic acid in canola is <2% total fatty acids. The range of erucic acid values observed in Optimum GLY canola cultivars was lower at 0.01 to 0.14% total fatty acids. The glucosinolate content of the Optimum GLY canola cultivars ranged from 2.7 to 15.9 μmol g−1 on a whole‐seed basis (at 8.5% moisture) and was comparable with the industry range (3.0–26.0 μmol g−1) for samples graded Canola, No. 1 Canada from 2012 and 2013. These findings are consistent with regulatory study results and submissions made globally in support of authorization for canola containing event DP‐Ø73496‐4. Optimum GLY canola is within established ranges for key industry composition parameters and will maintain canola quality standards.
Assessment of Sugarcane Yield Potential across Large Numbers of Genotypes using Canopy Reflectance Measurements
Authors: Zhao Duli , Gordon Vanessa S. , Comstock Jack C. , Glynn Neil C. , Johnson Richard M.
Published: April 2016

Canopy reflectance indices have been used to monitor plant growth and estimate yields in many field crops. Little is known if canopy reflectance of sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) can be used to estimate growth and yield potential across large numbers of genotypes (clones) in the early stages of a breeding program. The objectives of this study were to identify clonal variation in sugarcane canopy reflectance and yield components and to determine if there were any putative relationships between canopy reflectance or reflectance indices and yield variables. In Stage II of the Canal Point sugarcane breeding and cultivar development program (CP program), canopy reflectance data were collected five to six times from each of 156 to 164 randomly selected clones during the growing seasons in 2011 through 2013 using a multispectral radiometer. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and other reflectance indices were calculated using the reflectance values. Yield traits, including stalk population, mean stalk weight, cane yield, commercial recoverable sucrose (CRS), and sucrose yield, were determined on mature plants in late October. Stalk population and cane yield were most highly correlated with reflectance at the wavebands centered at 800 and 980 nm and NDVI (r = 0.50–0.68; P < 0.0001), while CRS was not related to canopy reflectance. The best time to measure canopy reflectance for yield estimation across clones was from March to April (tillering stage). Canopy reflectance measurements at the early growth stage can be used as a screening tool to estimate yield potential for large numbers of clones in sugarcane breeding programs.
The Soil Moisture Active Passive Marena, Oklahoma, In Situ Sensor Testbed (SMAP‐MOISST): Testbed Design and Evaluation of In Situ Sensors
Authors: Cosh Michael H. , Ochsner Tyson E. , McKee Lynn , Dong Jingnuo , Basara Jeffrey B. , Evett Steven R. , Hatch Christine E. , Small Eric E. , Steele-Dunne Susan C. , Zreda Marek , Sayde Chadi
Published: April 2016

Core Ideas

Soil moisture sensors have varying accuracies that can be improved with calibration.

In situ sensors require scaling to improve their representativeness of large areas.

Soil moisture sensors in profile have decreasing ability to accurately represent the surface soil moisture.

In situ soil moisture monitoring networks are critical to the development of soil moisture remote sensing missions as well as agricultural and environmental management, weather forecasting, and many other endeavors. These in situ networks utilize a variety of sensors and installation practices, which confounds the development of a unified reference database for satellite calibration and validation programs. As part of the Soil Moisture Active Passive Mission, the Marena, Oklahoma, In Situ Sensor Testbed (SMAP‐MOISST) was initiated to perform inter‐comparisons and study sensor limitations. Soil moisture sensors that are deployed in major monitoring networks were included in the study, along with new and emerging technologies, such as the Cosmic Ray Soil Moisture Observing System (COSMOS), passive/active distributed temperature sensing (DTS), and global positioning system reflectometers (GPSR). Four profile stations were installed in May of 2010, and soil moisture was monitored to a depth of 1 m on an hourly basis. The four stations were distributed within a circular domain of approximately 600 m diameter, adequate to encompass the sensing range of COSMOS. The sensors included in the base station configuration included the Stevens Water Hydra Probe, Campbell Scientific 616 and 229, Decagon EC‐TM, Delta‐T Theta Probe, Acclima, and Sentek EnviroSMART capacitance system. In addition, the Pico TRIME system and additional time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) systems were deployed when available. It was necessary to apply site‐specific calibration to most sensors to reach an RMSE below 0.04 m3 m−3. For most sensor types, a single near surface sensor could be scaled to represent the areal‐average of a field domain by simple linear regression, resulting in RMSE values around 0.03 m3 m−3.
Adsorption of Compounds that Mimic Urban Stormwater Dissolved Organic Nitrogen
Authors: Mohtadi Mehrdad , James Bruce R. , Davis Allen P.
Published: April 2016

Stormwater runoff carrying nitrogen can accelerate eutrophication. Bioretention facilities are among low impact development systems which are commonly used to manage urban stormwater quality and quantity. They are, however, not designed to remove dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and may become a net DON exporter. Adsorption of seven organic nitrogenous compounds onto several adsorbents was examined. Batch adsorption study revealed that coal activated carbon (AC) exhibited the best performance in adsorption of the selected organic nitrogenous compounds. The highest adsorption capacity of coal AC was 0.4 mg N/g for pyrrole at an equilibrium concentration of 0.02 mg N/L, while adsorption was not detectable for urea at the same equilibrium concentration. The fastest compound to reach equilibrium adsorption capacity onto the coal AC was pyrrole (1 hour). The adsorption capacity of the coal AC for pyrrole and N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine and 1‐hour contact time is recommended for designing bioretention systems targeting organic nitrogenous compounds.
The forms of social engagement regarding the subject of import
Authors: Cvejic Igor
Published: April 2016

My aim is to draw attention to the different forms of social engagement
regarding the subject of import. The concept of import was introduced in the
theory of action by Bennet Helm. It denotes an intentional characteristic of
an object, to be viewed as worthy of pursuit or avoidance. However, according
to Helm, the subject of import could be: either an individual person, the
other or plural agent. Using this division in the context of social
engagement, I propose to distinguish three forms of social engagement: (1)
personal social engagement, (2) social engagement for the sake of others and
(3) social engagement as togetherness. Social engagement as togetherness
(plural agent) should not be confused with plural action with the same
goal-directedness (which is part of personal social engagement). This
argumentative step was enabled by Helm?s complex theory about ?us? as a
subject of import, contrary to some contemporary theorists who dispute the
possibility of plural agents.