bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hemivariational damageable elastoplastic vertex-spring model for masonry analysis
Authors: Tran Chuong Anthony , Leòn Trujillo Francisco James , Salvatori Antonello , Solci Margherita , Causin Andrea , Placidi Luca , Barchiesi Emilio
Published: March 2024

This work is an intermediate step towards the extension of a recently proposed block-based model for masonry structures, which was based on a hemivariational approach and inspired from granular micromechanics. Here, contrarily to the previous model, plastic effects will also be taken into account along with damage and elastic behaviours, and the full hemivariational derivation of the strong-form (in)equations will be detailed for the case of a lone vertex spring. The resulting model and methods shall then be used in future works to enrich the behaviours modelled by the previously mentioned masonry model.
A Leave of Absence Might Not Be a Bad Thing: Registered Practical Nurses Working in Home Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Connelly Denise M. , Guitar Nicole A. , Garnett Anna , Smith-Carrier Tracy , Prentice Kristin , Calver Jen , King Emily , McKay Sandra , Pearson Diana , Sinha Samir , Snobelen Nancy
Published: March 2024

To describe the resilience and emotional intelligence of Registered Practical Nurses working in Home and Community Care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, to determine if there was a relationship between resilience and emotional intelligence based on whether a nurse: (1) left the sector, (2) considered leaving, or (3) took a leave of absence during the pandemic. An online cross-sectional survey was used to capture respondents’ demographic information and scores on the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Resilience at Work Scale®, and Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale. Registered Practical Nurses working, or who had worked, in Home and Community Care January 2020 to September 2022 were eligible to participate. The Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys was used. The survey was available June to September 2022 and advertised by the Registered Practical Nurses Association of Ontario to approximately 2105 members. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests were used to analyze results at a level of P < .05 was used for all analyses. A total of 672 respondents participated (completion rate = 92.8%). There were no differences on resilience or emotional intelligence scores based on whether a nurse left, or considered leaving, the Home and Community Care sector during the pandemic. However, nurses who took a leave of absence scored significantly higher on resilience and emotional intelligence measures when compared to those who did not. Results suggest that a leave of absence for these nurses during the pandemic may have been a supportive coping strategy.
The Impact of Sex on Cognitive Control in ADHD: Girls Slow to Inhibit, Boys Inhibit Less, and Both Show Higher Response Variability
Authors: Ojuri Beatrice , DeRonda Alyssa , Plotkin Micah , Mostofsky Stewart H. , Rosch Keri S.
Published: March 2024

Objective:

To determine whether girls and boys with ADHD show distinct impairments in components of cognitive control across multiple tasks (go/no-go, stop signal, and flanker) and performance metrics (response speed, variability, and errors).

Method:

A total of 300 children, ages 8 to 12 years with ADHD ( n = 210, 58 girls) or typically developing (TD; n = 99, 37 girls), completed all tasks. Traditional response measures (e.g., mean and standard deviation of reaction time, inhibition errors, and stop signal reaction time) and ex-Gaussian modeling of reaction times (mu, sigma, and tau) were analyzed.

Results:

Girls showed intact response inhibition in the context of slower response speed, while boys made more inhibition errors and did not slow their response speed. Both girls and boys with ADHD showed higher response variability and poorer interference control than TD children.

Conclusion:

Girls and boys with ADHD show distinct impairments in cognitive control that may be important for understanding the pathophysiology of ADHD.
Who Provides Outpatient Clinical Care for Adults With ADHD? Analysis of Healthcare Claims by Types of Providers Among Private Insurance and Medicaid Enrollees, 2021
Authors: Danielson Melissa L. , Claussen Angelika H. , Arifkhanova Aziza , Gonzalez Maria G. , Surman Craig
Published: March 2024

Objective:

To characterize provider types delivering outpatient care overall and through telehealth to U.S. adults with ADHD.

Method:

Using employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) and Medicaid claims, we identified enrollees aged 18 to 64 years who received outpatient care for ADHD in 2021. Billing provider codes were used to tabulate the percentage of enrollees receiving ADHD care from 10 provider types overall and through telehealth.

Results:

Family practice physicians, psychiatrists, and nurse practitioners/psychiatric nurses were the most common providers for adults with ESI, although the distribution of provider types varied across states. Lower percentages of adults with Medicaid received ADHD care from physicians. Approximately half of adults receiving outpatient ADHD care received ADHD care by telehealth.

Conclusion:

Results may inform the development of clinical guidelines for adult ADHD and identify audiences for guideline dissemination and education planning.
“Invisible Deaths”: A Critical Analysis of the Study of Prison Homicide
Authors: Holt Karen
Published: March 2024

Prison homicide, or homicides that occur between individuals who are incarcerated, has received a dearth of attention in scholarly literature. These homicides have increased over the past several decades with devastating consequences for those housed within prison walls, correctional and administrative staff, the families of those incarcerated, and the communities from which they are removed. Perpetrators of prison homicides often continue to engage in violence despite incapacitation, calling into question the ability of the state to house individuals safely. When fatal violence occurs, victims of these homicides are constructed as deserving of violence. Drawing from critical criminological perspectives of state-sanctioned violence, I argue that treatment of these victims affects the legitimacy of the criminal justice system and public safety.
Hepatitis A Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Monkeys Confounds the Safety Evaluation of a Drug Candidate
Authors: Powell Chris J. , Kapeghian John C. , Bernal John C. , Foster John R.
Published: March 2024

In a 3-month toxicity study in cynomolgus monkeys at a European contract laboratory, animals were infected with HAV, initially resulting in hepatic injury being incorrectly attributed to the test compound. Elevated serum ALT/AST/GLDH (5- to 10-fold) were noted in individual animals from all groups including controls, with no apparent dose, exposure, or time-related relationship. Liver histopathology revealed minimal to slight inflammatory cell accumulation in periportal zones of most animals, and minimal to slight hepatocyte degeneration/necrosis in 10/42 animals from all groups. As these findings were more pronounced in 6 drug-treated animals, including 2/6 in the low dose group, the draft report concluded: “ treatment-related hepatotoxicity at all dose levels precluded determination of a NOAEL.” However, the unusual pattern of hepatotoxicity suggested a factor other than drug exposure might have caused the hepatic effects. Therefore, snap-frozen liver samples were tested for hepatitis viruses using a PCR method. Tests for hepatitis B, C, and E virus were negative; however, 20/42 samples were positive for hepatitis A virus (HAV). Infection was strongly associated with increased serum ALT/GLDH, and/or hepatocyte degeneration/necrosis. Re-evaluation of the study in light of these data concluded that the hepatic injury was not drug-related. A subsequent 6-month toxicology study in HAV-vaccinated cynomolgus monkeys confirmed the absence of hepatotoxicity. Identification of HAV infection supported progression of the drug candidate into later clinical trials. Although rarely investigated, subclinical HAV infection has occasionally been reported in laboratory primates, including those used for toxicology studies and it may be more prevalent than the literature indicates.
Tourists’ Embodied Metaphors in Lifestyle Cultural Space
Authors: Wang Zichao , Tang Juan , Zhou Lingxu , Goh Beng Kok
Published: March 2024

Traditional cultural tourism spaces are constantly being threatened by the trend of fast consumption, but some of them successfully survive. This research proposes the concept of “lifestyle cultural space” in a tourism context, referring to various lived traditional spaces that integrate closely with the lifestyle of the local community and become attractors to tourists. We aim to establish the formation mechanism of embodied metaphors in the spatial environment by taking teahouses in Chengdu, China, as typical cases. Methodologically, this study integrates Sebeok and Danesi’s modeling system with biosemiotic analysis and discourse analysis, and examines tourists’ embodied cognition and metaphors of such space through tourists’ online photographs, reviews, and authors’ participatory notes. Our findings reveal tourists’ embodied metaphors in lifestyle cultural spaces and build a theoretical connection between tourists’ embodiment and cognition of such spaces. Practical suggestions are given for the enhancement of lifestyle attractions.
Effectiveness of Narciclasine in Suppressing the Inflammatory Response in Sepsis: Molecular Docking and In Silico Studies
Authors: Kingsley Manoj Kumar , Rao Gurugubelli Krishna , Bhat Ballambattu Vishnu
Published: March 2024

Narciclasine is an alkaloid belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family which has been reported to have many beneficial properties. Especially its anticancer properties have been widely reported. Here, we have focused on its potential use in suppressing the inflammatory response in sepsis using in silico methods. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin which is present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and is a crucial player in the pathogenesis of gram-negative sepsis. Activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling by LPS is an important event in the pathogenesis of gram-negative sepsis. This initiates a downstream signaling pathway comprising of several adaptor proteins such as toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein (TIRAP), myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88), interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase (IRAK)-1, IRAK-4, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF-6) leading to nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κβ) activation resulting in elevated production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6. S100 calcium binding proteins A8/A9 (S100A8/A9) have been found to be an agonist of TLR4, and it amplifies the inflammatory response in sepsis. Molecular docking studies of narciclasine with target proteins associated with the LPS-TLR4 pathway showed that it has good binding affinity and stable interactions with the targets studied. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies over 100 ns showed that most of the ligand-target complexes were stable. The structures of all the targets except TRAF-6 were retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) database. Homology modeling was done to predict the 3-dimensional structure of TRAF-6. MD simulation of narciclasine-TRAF-6 complex showed that the structure is stable. Metapocket was used for active site prediction in the target proteins. Toxicity analysis by admetSAR revealed that narciclasine was readily biodegradable and exhibited minimum toxicity. These results indicate that narciclasine has effective anti-inflammatory properties which could be useful in suppressing the inflammatory response in sepsis.
Level of Heavy Metals in Fish and Associated Human Health Risk From the Omo Delta in Southern Ethiopia: A First-Hand Report
Authors: Andemo kotacho Abiy , Yimer Girma Tilahun , Sota Solomon Sorsa , Berego Yohannes Seifu
Published: March 2024

This study was the first to investigate the levels of heavy metals in commercially important fish species ( Lates niloticus and Oreochromis niloticus) and the human health risk in Southern Ethiopia. Sixty fish samples were collected from the Omo delta. The target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TCR) were used to estimate the human health risks. The mean levels of heavy metals detected in the liver and muscle of Lates niloticus generally occurred in the order of Fe> Zn > Pb > Cu >Mn> Cr > Co > Ni and Fe > Pb > Zn >Mn > Cu > Co > Cr >Ni, respectively. Similarly, the mean levels of iron in the muscle and liver tissues of Oreochromis niloticus were in the order of Fe > Pb > Zn >Mn> Cu > Cr > Co > Ni and Pb > Fe > Zn >Mn> Co > Cu > Ni, respectively. The THQs in the muscle of L. niloticus and O. niloticus decreased in the order Pb > Cr > Cu >Mn> Co > Zn > Fe> Ni and Pb >Mn> Co > Cu > Zn > Ni> Fe respectively. Pb had the highest THQ value in L. niloticus and O. niloticus, which were 0.61 and 0.409, respectively in adult. Similarly, Pb had noted that, L. niloticus and O. niloticus had the highest THQ values, at 0.87 and 0.58, respectively in children. The HI values due to consumption of L. niloticus muscle were 0.668 for adults and 0.942 for children. The mean concentrations of Pb and Cr in the tissues of L. niloticus and O. niloticus were above the FAO/WHO permissible limits. Consequently, investigating heavy metal pollution levels in fish and human health risks from the Omo delta is imperative for addressing environmental and public health concerns.
Teachers’ beliefs and reproduction of language ideologies in English-medium instruction programs in Nepal
Authors: Sah Pramod K.
Published: March 2024

Aims:

This study explored the language ideologies that guide teachers’ language beliefs and practices in English-medium instruction (EMI) classrooms. It also sought to uncover the ways teachers’ beliefs and practices reproduce language ideologies and, thereby, social hierarchies within educational contexts.

Design:

Drawing on a narrative research design, the study utilized semi-structured interviews and focus groups to examine the language beliefs of content subject teachers from EMI higher education programs in Nepal. The data were analyzed through a thematic approach.

Findings:

The study’s results shed light on the prevailing language ideologies in EMI classrooms, where English holds a dominant position, followed by Nepali and other local/Indigenous languages. This linguistic hierarchy reflects deeply ingrained nationalist and neoliberal beliefs inherent in Nepal’s educational landscape. Moreover, the research underscores how these ideologies perpetuate societal hierarchies as educators emphasize the pivotal role of English proficiency for students’ upward socioeconomic mobility and access to global opportunities, while concurrently endorsing a deficient perspective on local/Indigenous languages. Consequently, this linguistic hierarchy perpetuates disparities in language treatment, thereby prompting concerns regarding equity and inclusivity in EMI programs.

Originality:

It sheds light on teachers’ complex beliefs and practices regarding the use of different languages in EMI settings. The study also highlights the language hierarchy that emerges within these classrooms, emphasizing the original contribution to understanding the complexities and implications of language ideologies within EMI programs.

Significance:

The study’s findings serve as a valuable resource for fostering meaningful discussions and facilitating evidence-based practices in the field of EMI, ultimately contributing to the improvement of multilingual higher education settings worldwide.
Perceptions of women and men in mixed-race heterosexual relationships
Authors: Iankilevitch Maria , Chasteen Alison L.
Published: March 2024

Although the number of mixed-race couples is increasing in North America, these couples continue to experience stigma and discrimination, which can have deleterious effects on individuals in these relationships. In three samples, we examined perceivers’ first impressions of targets in mixed-race couples when viewed with their romantic partner versus alone, including their warmth and competence (Sample 1a), global morality (Sample 1b), and specific stereotypic behaviors including likelihood to betray, conform, and be prejudiced (Sample 1c). Partner effects occurred for specific stereotypes relevant for intergroup behaviors such that individuals in mixed-race couples were rated as more likely to betray close others and to be less conforming and less prejudiced than individuals in same-race couples when viewed with their partners. These results suggest that specific stereotypes relevant for intergroup relations are affected by the race of targets’ romantic partners and lay the foundation for understanding the unique challenges faced by members of mixed-race couples.
Sweden’s excess mortality in 2020–2022 and reporting in the media
Authors: Lindström Martin
Published: March 2024

Aim:

The aim was to scrutinize the report in March 2023 that Sweden’s excess mortality was lowest in 2020–2022 compared with other European Union and Nordic countries, a report that received great national and international attention.

Study design:

Comparison of excess mortality in Sweden and Norway.

Methods:

Excess mortality for 2020–2022 was calculated for Sweden and Norway, the country with per-capita excess mortality closest to Sweden’s, compared with the average mortality for 2017–2019 in the respective country, following the definitions by Statistics Sweden reported in a daily newspaper.

Results:

Excess mortality is a measure with low misclassification compared with other pandemic outcome measures. Following the definitions, total excess mortality for the years 2020–2022 was 11,897 individuals in Sweden and 6089 in Norway. However, the distributions of excess mortality across the 3 years strongly differed. In Sweden, 60% of excess mortality was observed in 2020, 8% in 2021 and 32% in 2022. In sharp contrast, 0% of excess mortality was observed in Norway in 2020, 20% in 2021 and 80% in 2022. If the relative distribution of excess mortality in Sweden had been the same as in Norway in 2020–2022, approximately 7000 individuals who died in 2020 would instead have died as excess mortality in 2022, saving approximately 14,000 person-years in Sweden.

Conclusions:

The report disregards residual confounding due to the broad definition of the period 2020–2022. Mass media should avoid one-sided reporting.
Children’s and Families’ Perspectives and Understanding of Children’s Court Criminal Processes and Consequences: A Scoping Review of Qualitative Grey Literature
Authors: Frederick John , Saunders Bernadette , Lansdell Gaye
Published: March 2024

This article presents findings from a scoping review of qualitative grey literature regarding children’s and families’ perspectives and understanding of Children’s Court criminal processes in which they are participants. Many children and families had difficulty understanding court proceedings, particularly formal and legal language, and fully appreciating the significant implications of decisions for their future lives. Professional support was often inconsistent and unreliable. One area where positive processes were experienced was in alternative courts, especially Indigenous courts. The findings support previous research and international law that recommends greater involvement of children and families in court processes to achieve fairer and better outcomes.
Plasma exchange for the management of digoxin toxicity in an individual with an acute kidney injury: A case report
Authors: Preston Hannah , Cannon Emma , Watson Simon
Published: March 2024

Digoxin toxicity can be life-threatening. Digoxin-specific antibody (DSA) fragments are used in severe digoxin toxicity, binding to serum-free digoxin and enabling increased renal excretion. In severe renal impairment, clearance of these complexes is prolonged, leading to rebound toxicity. Digoxin and DSA complexes are not dialysable. We present a case of a gentleman with severe digoxin toxicity and acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite receiving DSA doses, his digoxin levels rebounded and symptoms persisted. Based on published case reports, plasma exchange (PEX) after further dosing was arranged. PEX facilitated the removal of digoxin–DSA complexes, bypassing renal excretion. During PEX, clinical signs improved and were sustained. He did not require further dialysis or PEX, renal function recovered and he was discharged. This case highlights challenges in the management of severe digoxin toxicity in patients with a concurrent AKI. The use of PEX enabled digoxin–DSA complex removal and should be considered in these circumstances.
Efficacy and Safety of Covered Stents Versus Bare-Metal Stents for Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hu Chenming , Chen Lang , Wu Min , Ye Qianling , Zou Jun , Zhao Bin , Li Xiang , Wu Huaping
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety outcome of covered stents (CSs), as compared with bare-metal stents (BMSs), for the treatment of patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD).

Materials and methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to August 2023 to identify all studies comparing efficacy and safety outcomes of CSs versus BMSs for treating AIOD. Our outcome was primary patency, secondary patency, technical success, ankle-brachial index (ABI) variation, target lesion revascularization (TLR), limb salvage, complications, and long-term survival. Dichotomous outcomes were pooled as relative risks (RR) or hazard ratio with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Continuous outcomes were pooled as weighted mean differences and 95% CI. Model selection was based on the heterogeneity of the included studies.

Results:

There were 10 studies (2 randomized controlled trials, 8 retrospective cohort studies), comprising 1676 sample size. Compared with BMSs, CSs use was associated with better primary patency of patients with a Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II (TASC) D lesion (RR, 1.15, 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.27, p=0.007), TLR (RR, 0.39, 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.56, p<0.001), technical success (RR, 1.01, 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.02, p=0.010), and long-term survival (RR, 1.06, 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.11, p=0.020). There is no difference between CSs and BMSs regarding primary patency of all patients, secondary patency, variation in ABI, limb salvage, and complications.

Conclusions:

Compared with BMSs, CSs used in AIOD was associated with more favorable primary patency in patients with TASC D lesions, TLR, technical success rates, and patient long-term survival. These results provide evidence of the advantages of using CSs for AIOD treatment. Future studies focusing on long-term variations in ABI, primary patency of different degrees of calcification, vascular segments, and TASC classification are warranted.

Clinical Impact

Although several studies evaluated the clinical efficacy of CS in the context of AIOD treatment, the significance and consistency of these findings were not determined to date. We found that CS was used in AIOD associated with better technical success rate, long-term patient survival, lower target lesion revascularization, and higher primary patency of patients with a Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II D lesion when compared with BMSs. Our study provides evidence supporting the superiority of CSs over BMSs in the treatment of AIOD, and furnishing clinicians with guidance for treatment decisions.
Migration Inhibition Factor Secreted by Peripheral Blood Memory B Cells Binding to CD74-CD44 Receptor Complex Drives Macrophage Behavior in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Liu Bo , Luo Wei , Huang Ling , Wei Chunying , Huang Xiaorui , Liu Jun , Tao Ran , Mo Yingmin , Li Xuebin
Published: March 2024

Dysregulation of the peripheral immune system is be involved in the neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease (AD) and accelerate the disease progression. The contribution of immune cells, particularly B cells, to AD pathogenesis has gained attention in recent research. In this study, we investigated the role of Peripheral Blood Memory B cells (PBMBs) and their secreted Migration Inhibition Factor (MIF) in driving macrophage behavior in AD based on the scRNA-seq technique, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. We discovered that MIF binds to the CD74-CD44 receptor complex on macrophages, influencing their behavior. The dysregulated macrophage response hampers the clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, exacerbating AD pathology. Targeting the MIF-CD74-CD44 signal pathway may hold therapeutic potential in modulating macrophage activity and mitigating neuroinflammation in AD. This study provides a further understanding of peripheral immune cells dysregulated in AD.
Endovascular Therapy for Vascular Graft Infection After Multiple Bypass Surgeries for Aorto-Iliac Occlusive Disease
Authors: Fujioka Kensuke , Nishida Yuji , Eguchi Yuya , Fujita Takashi , Uchiyama Katsuharu , Fujimoto Manabu
Published: March 2024

Background

Vascular graft infection is a very complex disease. Although complete excision of the infected grafts with extra-anatomic bypass or in situ reconstruction is a general treatment strategy, some concerns including reinfection in the new graft remain.

Case Report

An 88 year-old man presented to the hospital with abdominal swelling and bleeding. The patient had undergone revascularization for aorto-iliac occlusive disease twice in the past. The first procedure had been performed 15 years previously, with right ilio-femoral bypass grafting for right iliac artery occlusion and stent implantation for left iliac artery stenosis. The second procedure had been performed 10 years previously, with aorta-to-left femoral and left-to-right femoro-femoral bypass grafting because the terminal aorta, the first ilio-femoral bypass graft, and the stent of the left iliac artery had been occluded. The patient was diagnosed with vascular graft infection, and endovascular therapy was selected as the revascularization method prior to graft excision. It was successfully performed using various devices and techniques, followed by graft excision without critical limb ischemia.

Conclusion

This case demonstrates that endovascular therapy prior to graft excision can be an alternative revascularization method for vascular graft infection after bypass surgery for aorto-iliac occlusive disease.
An Investigation of the Professional Resilience Strategies Used by Experienced Occupational Therapists
Authors: Ashby Samantha , Watkins Katrina , Wales Kylie
Published: March 2024

There is a paucity of research into the strategies occupational therapists use to maintain career longevity professional resilience. The objective of the study was to identify the strategies used by occupational therapists to maintain their professional resilience. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data from a cross-sectional survey that investigated the professional resilience strategies used by experienced occupational therapists. Valid responses were received from 489 occupational therapists from 29 countries. The most used professional resilience strategies were maintaining a belief in the value of occupational therapy, taking time for reflection on positive outcomes, using personal time management strategies, and engagement in informal and formal professional support networks. A range of professional resilience strategies are used by experienced occupational therapists in health and social care settings. The findings can be used by managers and workplace organizations to support their occupational therapy workforce.
Return to Sports Following Spondylolysis Surgery in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gross Preston W. , Yang Michelle , Jones Ruth H. , Doyle Shevaun M.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Spondylolysis is common in athletes participating in gymnastics, football, dance, and weightlifting. Few studies have reviewed return to sports (RTS) rates in young athletes after surgical intervention for spondylolysis.

Purposes:

We sought to review the literature on RTS frequencies and timing, as well as postoperative treatment, in children and adolescents who underwent spondylolysis surgery.

Methods:

This was a systematic review, using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, of primary, peer-reviewed studies published from 2014 to 2022 that investigated child and adolescent RTS after spondylolysis surgery. Each author independently reviewed each study’s design, number of participants, age range, fixation, postoperative course of treatment, frequency of RTS, and reasons for failure of RTS.

Results:

The initial search produced 106 articles; 25 were reviewed in full and 9 were included in the final analysis, with a combined total of 177 patients. Sample sizes ranged from 5 to 52 participants. The most common fixations were direct repair (6 studies, n = 120), indirect repair (3 studies, n = 22), and fusion (2 studies, n = 35). Five studies mentioned the use of immediate postoperative immobilization. Physical therapy programs were initiated most often at 6 weeks postoperatively. The RTS rate of the 177 athletes (median age younger than 23 years) was 76% to 100%. The most common reason for failure to RTS was lower back pain.

Conclusions:

This systematic review suggests that young athletes RTS at a high rate following spondylolysis surgery, but more rigorous study is warranted. The review also found varied preferred fixation methodologies and postoperative treatment regimens across the available studies.
From theory to practice: Examining evidence-based approaches in youth sport coaches in Singapore
Authors: Loo Joanne K , Choong Gabriel CW , Chew Lewis YQ , Suppiah Haresh
Published: March 2024

Although evidence-based practice (EBP) is considered the ideal approach for achieving optimal outcomes for sport science practitioners, coaches and athletes, significant concerns impede its adoption. This study examines (1) the implementation of, (2) sources to gather evidence-based knowledge and (3) barriers to EBP from youth coaches’ perspectives within Singapore. Fifty-three coaches (M age = 33.1 years, SD = 8.1) completed a 22-question survey through purposive sampling. Questions regarding the implementation of EBP showed that the top 3 research areas used were ‘Strength and conditioning/fitness’ (72%), ‘Skill development’ and ‘Mental training and preparation’ (both 57%); coaches relied on their personal experience more than scientific evidence (mean = 55.7 AU, SD = 1.5) when designing performance/training programmes. The top 3 preferred sources to gather evidence-based knowledge were ‘Websites/podcasts/forums’, ‘Practitioners within their sport’ and ‘Social media’. The top 3 preferred feedback methods from practitioners were ‘Informal conversations/speaking’, ‘Scheduled meetings’ and ‘Shared access of database/cloud-based software’. The top 3 qualities/attributes of practitioners preferred were those with ‘Excellent knowledge of the sport/game’, ‘Years of experience as practitioner’ and ‘Strong communication skills’. More than half of the coaches wished to receive more information regarding ‘Mental training and preparation’ (62%) and ‘Training load monitoring’ (53%). Lastly, the key barriers to EBP were ‘Non-applicable or irrelevant research reported’ (38%), ‘Inability to translate information to applied sporting context’ and ‘Time’ (both 34%). With these findings, practitioners can explore working with coaches on EBP to yield effective and sustainable outcomes.
Choroid plexus calcifications are not associated with putative markers of glymphatic dysfunction: A population study in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Castillo Pablo R , Patel Vishal , Mera Robertino M , Rumbea Denisse A , Del Brutto Oscar H
Published: March 2024

Background and Purpose

Recent studies have suggested an association between dysfunction of the choroid plexus and the glymphatic system. However, information is inconclusive. Following a population-based study design, we aimed to assess the association between choroid plexus calcifications (CPCs)—as a surrogate of choroid plexus dysfunction—and severity and progression of putative markers of glymphatic dysfunction, including white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin and abnormally enlarged basal ganglia perivascular spaces (BG-PVS).

Methods

This study recruited community-dwellers aged ≥40 years living in neighboring Ecuadorian villages. Participants who had baseline head CTs and brain MRIs were included in cross-sectional analyses and those who additional had follow-up MRIs (after a mean of 6.4 ± 1.5 years) were included in longitudinal analyses. Logistic and Poisson regression models, adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors, were fitted to assess associations between CPCs and WMH and enlarged BG-PVS severity and progression.

Results

A total of 590 individuals were included in the cross-sectional component of the study, and 215 in the longitudinal component. At baseline, 25% of participants had moderate-to-severe WMH and 27% had abnormally enlarged BG-PVS. At follow-up, 36% and 20% of participants had WMH and enlarged BG-PVS progression, respectively. Logistic regression models showed no significant differences between CPCs volumes stratified in quartiles and severity of WMH and enlarged BG-PVS. Poisson regression models showed no association between the exposure and WMH and enlarged BG-PVS progression. Baseline age remained significant in these models.

Conclusions

Choroid plexus calcifications are not associated with putative markers of glymphatic system dysfunction.
Transradial access for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms using the Woven EndoBridge device: A systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Batista Sávio , Andreão Filipi Fim , Bertani Raphael , de Barros Oliveira Leonardo , Oberman Dan Zimelewicz , Palavani Lucca B , Filho Cesar Augusto Ferreira Alves , de Oliveira Braga Fausto , Machado Elias Antônio Tanus , da Mata Pereira Paulo José , Filho Paulo Niemeyer , Almeida Filho José Alberto
Published: March 2024

Background

The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is a minimally invasive endovascular treatment option for patients with cerebral aneurysms. Transradial access (TRA) is a technique that involves accessing the arterial system through the radial artery in the wrist rather than the femoral artery in the groin. Several studies have investigated the use of TRA for WEB device deployment in treating intracranial aneurysms.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the TRA for WEB device deployment in treating intracranial aneurysms. The databases PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. To reduce the risk of bias, this systematic review only included studies reporting on using TRA in WEB device deployment for intracranial aneurysm treatment with a minimum of four patients.

Results

In this systematic review, 186 patients were included across five studies, with TRA used in 183 cases analyzed. The study population had a higher proportion of females ( n = 118%–69%) than males, with a mean age of 62 years old. Among the aneurysms treated, 46 were ruptured, and 119 were located at bifurcation sites, with a mean maximum diameter/width of 6.6 mm and mean height of 5.9 mm. Adjunctive coiling was used in three cases, and adjunctive stenting was used in nine cases. In two cases, conversion to a femoral artery access was necessary.

Conclusion

The available results suggest TRA with the WEB device is a safe and effective alternative. However, using TRA versus TFA should be individualized based on patient factors and operator experience.
Left-behind learners: Exclusion-inclusion paradox of 4IR/5IR education technology
Authors: Ojetunde Segun Michael
Published: March 2024

Connected Learning Environment (CLE) was pictured as a potent tool to implement inclusive education because it supports widened access to learning that is socially rooted. However, the fact that a series of events that warrant its usage have shown that different uninvestigated factors associated with learners may serve as a clog to its potential in fostering inclusive learning created an impetus for this study. An autoethnographic study was conducted, two experienced teachers from mainstream, integrated, and special schools were interviewed and the data collected were subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The result revealed that the holistic adoption of 4IR/5IR education technology may heighten the exclusion of learners of various categories due to socio-economic background, lack of learning support, and inherent intellectual disabilities among special students. Hence, the usage of 4IR/5IR education technology at the secondary level needs to be accommodated with more nuances as it tends to amplify educational exclusion.
Research Hotspots and Visual Analysis of Tolerance in Multicultural Contexts (2000-2022)
Authors: Huang Shiqi , Wang Yixuan , Li Ziying , Bai Shilong , Bai Liying
Published: March 2024

The study analyzes the current state of research, frontiers, and trends in tolerance studies in multicultural contexts. The Web of Science Core Collection database was used to retrieve relevant literature from 2000 to 2022. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were employed to analyze keywords through co-occurrence networks, co-polymerization classes, and burst terms, with a corresponding visual atlas created for analysis. A total of 705 valid articles were included. The results revealed that Maykel Verkuyten authored the highest number of articles ( n = 12). The United States contributed the highest number of articles ( n = 376, 53.33%). The Interpersonal Journal of Intercultural Relations published the most articles ( n = 38, 5.39%). The most highly cited author was Shelly P. Harrell ( n = 876) in the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. The keyword with the highest frequency, surpassing 200 mentions, was “prejudice” ( n = 205). The top three keywords in terms of centrality were “culture” ( n = 0.13), “attitude” ( n = 0.12), and “discrimination” ( n = 0.11). Major research topics and hotspots in the field of Tolerance in Multicultural Contexts included the Color-blind perspective, Prejudice reduction practices, Tolerance education, and Ethnicity. The study highlights a growing interest in the effectiveness of education as an intervention to reduce prejudice among young people. Further research in this domain should combined the Internet and transcend the confines of prejudice.
Task Interdependence, Team Identity and Team Performance: A Bottom-Up Multilevel Model
Authors: Widianto Sunu , Abdul Sahib Haider Muhammad , Rahman Muhammad Fajar Wahyudi
Published: March 2024

Most research on social identity theory has been separately examined either at the team or individual levels. This paper aims to expand the use of the social identity theory and illuminates an emerging mechanism of task interdependence at the individual level that can affect the nature of the team identity by testing how team power distance act as a moderator Iraqi universities, this study employs multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) with Mplus 7.2 to test the model. The results reveal a positive indirect relationship between individual-level task interdependence and team performance through team identity. In addition, team power distance does not moderate a positive relationship between individual-level task interdependence and team identity. This study illuminates the link between task interdependence and team identity, which can eventually occur through a bottom-up mechanism to obtain high team performance. This study is novel for several reasons. First, this study finds a bottom-up mechanism between task interdependence at the individual level to team performance through team identity. Second, this study offers new empirical findings that, in the context of a middle east culture known as the high level of power distance, team power distance (i.e., contextual variable) does not associate with the interdependence of an individual to perform tasks and team identity. In addition, this answers the research call to investigate the dynamic interactions between individuals in teams and team-based overall, which has not been discussed in previous studies.
The Great Imitator: A Case of Lyme Carditis Mimicking ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ozgur Sacide S. , Afzal Muhammad Adil , Patel Dhruv , Ansari Nida , Aiken Arielle , Shamoon Yezin , Abboud Rachel , Shamoon Fayez
Published: March 2024

Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted via Ixodes ticks, is a common vector-borne illness in the United States, with an estimated 476,000 annual cases. While primarily known for its neurological and rheumatological manifestations, Lyme disease can also involve the cardiac system, known as Lyme carditis, which occurs in about 4% to 10% of cases. This case report details a rare instance of Lyme carditis presenting as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a 31-year-old female with no significant medical history. The patient exhibited symptoms of chest pressure and shortness of breath, with laboratory results showing significantly elevated troponin levels and other indicative markers. Notably, cardiac catheterization revealed no coronary occlusion, suggesting an alternative diagnosis to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Further testing confirmed Lyme carditis through positive serological tests for Lyme-specific IgM antibodies. The case underscores the importance of considering Lyme myopericarditis in differential diagnoses for STEMI in Lyme-endemic areas and in patients without typical risk factors for coronary artery disease. This report aims to increase clinical awareness of this condition, highlighting the need for thorough investigation in atypical cardiac presentations.
Operative Treatment of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury in Female Athletes
Authors: Gerard Nicholas O. , Clark Sean C. , O’Brien Michael J. , Mulcahey Mary K. , Savoie Felix H.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction has been the standard surgical intervention for elite male athletes with UCL insufficiency. Recently, UCL repair and augmentation with an internal brace has been increasingly performed.

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes as well as return-to-sport rate after UCL repair in female athletes.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Included were 15 female athletes (mean age, 16.5 ± 3.5 years) who underwent UCL repair between 2011 and 2021 at a single institution. Data collected included age, sport played, competition level, symptom onset, previous surgeries, mechanism of injury, surgical intervention, and return to sport. Patients were contacted via phone at minimum 24-month follow-up, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE).

Results:

Of the 15 female athletes, there were 4 cheerleaders, 3 softball players, 2 volleyball players, 2 soccer players, 1 gymnast, 1 tennis player, 1 dancer, and 1 javelin thrower. Ten of the 15 athletes (67%) competed at the high school level, 4 (26%) at the collegiate level, and 1 patient (7%) was a recreational volleyball player. In all patients, there was an acute onset of symptoms after injury. Ten patients underwent UCL repair with an internal brace (67% of athletes), while 5 underwent standard UCL repair. The median MEPS for athletes with and without an internal brace was 100 (range, 80-100). There was no significant difference of MEPS ( P = .826) or SANE scores ( P = .189) between the patients who received an internal brace and those who did not. Thirteen of the 15 athletes (86.7%) returned to sport.

Conclusion:

The UCL injuries in the female athletes in this study were the result of acute trauma. Primary UCL repair, both with and without internal bracing, was an effective surgical treatment for returning these athletes to sport.
Invisible Digi-Work: Compensating, connecting, and cleaning in digitalized organizations
Authors: Justesen Lise , Plesner Ursula
Published: March 2024

The aim of this paper is to develop a theoretical vocabulary that allows us to better understand not only the visible effects of digitalization on organizations but also the invisible work that arises in and around the digitalized organization to prepare, maintain and repair its key features. Drawing on feminist science and technology studies and their classic concept of invisible work, we challenge some of the dominant spatial root metaphor assumptions in current research and develop an alternative metaphoric of digital work and the digitalized organization. We develop the theoretical concept of invisible digi-work as a corollary to the already established concept of digital work and flesh out three types of work that we conceptualize as invisible connecting, compensating and cleaning work. This analytical framework captures aspects of work that tend be out of sight and devalued in dominant accounts. As such, it represents a theoretical alternative to imageries of digital spaces that lead to an overemphasis on the affordances of new digital technologies, establishing an alternative ground for interrogating work at margins, which is essential to the constitution of digitalized organizations. Theorizing invisible digi-work is in line with recent calls in organization studies to go beyond the visual and investigate the indirect and less visible implications of digitalization.
Growing Pains: A Rare Case of a Temporal Dermoid Cyst in an Adult and Review of the Literature
Authors: Rezania Nikki , O’Neill Elizabeth S. , Harmon Kelly A. , Arnold Sydney H. , Tragos Christina
Published: March 2024

Dermoid cysts are common cutaneous developmental anomalies that occur due to the entrapment of ectodermal elements during embryonic closure. While the exact origin of dermoid cysts is unknown, they are theorized to originate from multipotent embryonic stem cells or translocated epithelial cells. Dermoid cysts are typically congenital but are sometimes diagnosed later in childhood and rarely in adulthood. They are reported as the most common pediatric skull tumors. Surgical excision is recommended to prevent enlargement, invasion, rupture, or infection. Temporal dermoid cysts, specifically, are extremely rare, with only a few cases having been reported in adulthood. We present a case of a 51-year old female with an enlarging left temporal mass found to be a dermoid cyst. The mass was excised, resulting in complete resolution of symptoms. This case highlights the importance of early excision, radiologic studies, and a tailored management approach based on cyst location. Our proposed treatment algorithm provides guidance for clinicians in identification and management of adult dermoid cysts.