bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, molecular modelling and evaluation of larvicidal efficacy of annulated Benzo[h]chromenes against Culex pipiens L. Larvae
Authors: El-Sayed Mahmoud K. F. , Elshahawi Manal M. , Abu El-Azm Fatma S. M. , Hosni Eslam M. , Kamal Mahmoud , Ali Yasmeen M.
Published: August 2024

A new series of substituted benzo[h]chromene, benzochromenopyrimidine, and benzochromenotriazolopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized via chemical transformations of iminonitrile, ethoxymethylene amino, and cyanomethylene functionalities. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were assured by spectroscopic data and elemental analysis. The larvicidal efficacy of these compounds against Culex pipiens L. larvae was investigated, revealing potent insecticidal activity, particularly for compounds 6, 10, and 16, exceeding that of the standard insecticide chlorpyrifos. The mode of action of these compounds was explored through molecular docking studies, indicating their potential as acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) blockers. The structure–activity relationship analysis highlighted the influence of substituents and fused heterocyclic rings on larvicidal potency. These findings suggest that the synthesized compounds hold promise as potential candidates for developing novel and effective mosquito control agents.
Bitter tastants relax the mouse gallbladder smooth muscle independent of signaling through tuft cells and bitter taste receptors
Authors: Keshavarz Maryam , Ruppert Anna-Lena , Meiners Mirjam , Poharkar Krupali , Liu Shuya , Mahmoud Wafaa , Winterberg Sarah , Hartmann Petra , Mermer Petra , Perniss Alexander , Offermanns Stefan , Kummer Wolfgang , Schütz Burkhard
Published: August 2024

Disorders of gallbladder motility can lead to serious pathology. Bitter tastants acting upon bitter taste receptors (TAS2R family) have been proposed as a novel class of smooth muscle relaxants to combat excessive contraction in the airways and other organs. To explore whether this might also emerge as an option for gallbladder diseases, we here tested bitter tastants for relaxant properties and profiled Tas2r expression in the mouse gallbladder. In organ bath experiments, the bitter tastants denatonium, quinine, dextromethorphan, and noscapine, dose-dependently relaxed the pre-contracted gallbladder. Utilizing gene-deficient mouse strains, neither transient receptor potential family member 5 (TRPM5), nor the Tas2r143/Tas2r135/Tas2r126 gene cluster, nor tuft cells proved to be required for this relaxation, indicating direct action upon smooth muscle cells (SMC). Accordingly, denatonium, quinine and dextromethorphan increased intracellular calcium concentration preferentially in isolated gallbladder SMC and, again, this effect was independent of TRPM5. RT-PCR revealed transcripts of Tas2r108, Tas2r126, Tas2r135, Tas2r137, and Tas2r143, and analysis of gallbladders from mice lacking tuft cells revealed preferential expression of Tas2r108 and Tas2r137 in tuft cells. A TAS2R143-mCherry reporter mouse labeled tuft cells in the gallbladder epithelium. An in silico analysis of a scRNA sequencing data set revealed Tas2r expression in only few cells of different identity, and from in situ hybridization histochemistry, which did not label distinct cells. Our findings demonstrate profound tuft cell- and TRPM5-independent relaxing effects of bitter tastants on gallbladder smooth muscle, but do not support the concept that these effects are mediated by bitter receptors.
Impact of surface charge density modulation on ion transport in heterogeneous nanochannels
Authors: Alinezhad Amin , Khatibi Mahdi , Ashrafizadeh Seyed Nezameddin
Published: August 2024

The PNP nanotransistor, consisting of emitter, base, and collector regions, exhibits distinct behavior based on surface charge densities and various electrolyte concentrations. In this study, we investigated the impact of surface charge density on ion transport behavior within PNP nanotransistors at different electrolyte concentrations and applied voltages. We employed a finite-element method to obtain steady-state solutions for the Poisson–Nernst-Planck and Navier–Stokes equations. The ions form a depletion region, influencing the ionic current, and we analyze the influence of surface charge density on the depth of this depletion region. Our findings demonstrate that an increase in surface charge density results in a deeper depletion zone, leading to a reduction in ionic current. However, at very low electrolyte concentrations, an optimal surface charge density causes the ion current to reach its lowest value, subsequently increasing with further increments in surface charge density. As such, at $${V}_{app}=+1 \text{V}$$

V

app

=
+
1
V

and $${C}_{0}=1 \text{mM}$$

C
0

=
1
mM

, the ionic current increases by 25% when the surface charge density rises from 5 to 20 $$\text{mC}.{\text{m}}^{-2}$$

mC
.

m

-
2

, whereas at $${C}_{0}=10 \text{mM}$$

C
0

=
10
mM

, the ionic current decreases by 65% with the same increase in surface charge density. This study provides valuable insights into the behavior of PNP nanotransistors and their potential applications in nanoelectronic devices.
A dual-functional electrolyte additive displaying hydrogen bond fusion enables highly reversible aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Qiuxia , Gao Xuan , Liu Kejiang , Gao Nan , Cheng Shaoheng , Dai Yuhang , Dong Haobo , Liu Junsong , He Guanjie , Li Hongdong
Published: August 2024

In recent years, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted significant attention in energy storage due to their notable advantages, including high safety, low cost, high capacity, and environmental friendliness. However, side reactions like hydrogen evolution and zinc (Zn) dendrites can significantly impact their Coulombic efficiency (CE) and lifespan. Effectively addressing these issues has become a focus of research in this field. In our study, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and nanodiamonds (NDs) were used to optimize the electrolyte of AZIBs. Benefiting from the hydrogen bond fusion of DMSO and NDs, which regulates the Zn deposition behavior, effectively inhibiting the growth of Zn dendrites, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion. The Zn | |Zn symmetric cells using NDs-DMSO-ZS demonstrate exceptional cycling stability for over 1500 h at 1 mA cm−2, while the Zn//Cu asymmetric cells achieve up to 99.8% CE at 2 mA cm−2. This study not only shows the application prospects of electrolyte optimization in enhancing AZIBs performance, but also provides a reference for the advancement of electrolyte technology in advanced AZIBs technology.
Towards robust dichroism in angle-resolved photoemission
Authors: Schusser J. , Orio H. , Ünzelmann M. , Heßdörfer J. , Masilamani M. P. T. , Diekmann F. , Rossnagel K. , Reinert F.
Published: August 2024

Dichroic techniques are highly relevant in the field of topological materials, layered systems, and spin-polarized electronic states. Dichroism in angle-resolved photoemission is per se a matrix element effect, which depends on the initial and final states as well as on the perturbation by the light field. Although matrix element effects in ARPES such as dichroism are important for addressing properties of the initial state wave functions, the results can strongly depend on experimental geometry or final state effects. Combining experimental data on bulk WSe2 taken at soft x-ray photon energies with state-of-the-art photoemission calculations, we demonstrate that a dichroic observable called time-reversal dichroism remains unaffected against variation of photon energy, light polarization, and the angle of incidence. We demonstrate a direct link of TRDAD obtained with both linearly and circularly polarized photons to the initial state properties indicating its broad applicability. The robustness of this matrix element effect indicates a considerable benefit over other dichroic techniques and encourages further experimental and theoretical investigations.
Dual-mode colorimetric and fluorescence detection of BRCA1 based on a CRISPR-Cas12a system
Authors: Tan Chengchen , Yan Xiaolong , Lu Xingchang , Wang Jianxiu , Yi Xinyao
Published: August 2024

A dual-mode colorimetric and fluorescence sensor for the detection of BRCA1 based on a CRISPR-Cas12a system.
Grafting of cationic molecules to hyaluronic acid improves adsorption and cartilage lubrication
Authors: Gonzales Gavin , Hoque Jiaul , Kaeo Colin , Zauscher Stefan , Varghese Shyni
Published: August 2024

Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based lubricant functionalized with cationic branched poly-l-lysine molecules adhere to and lubricate cartilage.
Defect-rich W1−xMoxS2 solutions for efficient H2 evolution in acidic electrolytes
Authors: Li Zongge , Liu Zhicheng , Wang Danni , Kang Wenjun , Li Haibo , Zhang Guoxin
Published: August 2024

A defect-rich W0.4Mo0.6S2 solid solution is controllably synthesized and exhibits markedly enhanced HER activity and durability in both 0.5 M H2SO4 and 2.0 M NaCl, thereby showing outstanding practical prospects.
Correction: Exploring the properties of Zr2CO2/GaS van der Waals heterostructures for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Rahman Altaf Ur , Abdul Muhammad , Karim Altaf , Rahman Gul , El Azab Islam H. , Jingfu Bao
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Exploring the properties of Zr2CO2/GaS van der Waals heterostructures for optoelectronic applications’ by Altaf Ur Rahman et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CP02370F.
Connectivity stepwise derivation (CSD) method: a generic chemical structure information extraction method for the full step matrix
Authors: Xiong Jialiang , Feng Xiaojie , Xue Jingxuan , Wang Yueji , Niu Haoren , Gu Yu , Jia Qingzhu , Wang Qiang , Yan Fangyou
Published: August 2024

The connectivity step derivation (CSD) method for extracting the full step matrix to describe the molecular structure to computers is elaborated, and its computational speed advantage increases with the number of atoms in the molecule.
The activating capture of N2 at the active site of Mo–nitrogenase
Authors: Dance Ian
Published: August 2024

The enzyme nitrogenase overcomes the inherent unreactivity of N2 through its ability to arrange a well-disposed gallery of H atoms for concerted attack on incoming N2.
High-pressure polymorph of Co3P2O8: phase transition to an olivine-related structure
Authors: Turnbull Robin , Sánchez Martín Josu , Liang Akun , Díaz-Anichtchenko Daniel , Popescu Catalin , Sandeep Rao K. , Achary S. Nagabhusan , Muñoz Alfonso , Panchal Vinod , Errandonea Daniel
Published: August 2024

We used synchrotron XRD measurements and density-functional theory calculations to unravel the high-pressure properties of Co3P2O8. Co3P2O8 undergoes a phase transition at 2.9 GPa to an olivine-type structure.
Self-assembled hollow CuS@AuNRs/PDA nanohybrids with synergistically enhanced photothermal efficiency
Authors: Zhang Chiyin , Yang Panping , Li Jingguo , Cao Shaokui , Liu Yingliang , Shi Jun
Published: August 2024

A NIR/pH dual-responsive hollow CuS@AuNRs/PDA nanocarrier with synergistically enhanced photothermal efficiency was prepared by electrostatic self-assembly method.
Boosting ultra-fast charging in lithium metal batteries through enhanced solvent–anion interaction via conjugation effect
Authors: Wang Jialin , Xie Lin , Wu Wanbao , Liang Yihong , Cao Miaomiao , Gao Chaochao , Bo Yiyang , Zhang Jichuan , Zhang Jiaheng
Published: August 2024

A novel sulfonate-based eutectic electrolyte has been designed for ultra-fast charging LMBs, benefiting from the high Li+ transference number and gradient SEI layer resulting from strong solvent-anion interactions due to the conjugation effect.
Targeted design strategies for a highly activated carbon cloth cathode/anode to construct flexible and cuttable sodium Ion capacitors with an all-woven-structure
Authors: Wang Ying-Ying , Wang Zhong-Yuan , Xu Yu-Juan , Chen Wei-Hua , Shao Guo-Sheng , Hou Bao-Hua
Published: August 2024

A flexible carbon cloth cathode and anode with high energy storage activity are constructed via targeted strategies using cotton cloth. The assembled all-cloth sodium ion capacitor provides stable power output even under bending/cutting conditions.
Construction of chlorogenic acid nanoparticles for effective alleviation of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Hu Shumeng , Zhao Runan , Chen Tao , Chi Xuesong , Li Yangjing , Wu Di , Zhu Beiwei , Hu Jiangning
Published: August 2024

The onset and progression of ulcerative colitis (UC) are intricately linked to the worsening of intestinal inflammation, an imbalance in oxidative stress, and impairment of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
A novel carbon nanohorn-based intumescent multilayer nanocoating on cotton fabrics: thermal degradation kinetics, flammability and flame-retardant mechanism
Authors: Xu Jie , Liu Xiangrong , Yao Xuehui , Xue Manman , Chen Liqing , Guo Fanhui , Zhang Yixin , Xie Zhipeng , Liang Feng , Wu Jianjun
Published: August 2024

In this work, a novel coating on cotton fabrics was proposed. The effects of this coating on the flame retardancy and the thermal degradation kinetics of fabrics were investigated, and the flame retardancy mechanism was also discussed in detail.
Hydrated halogenides of Eu(ii): structure, spectroscopy and charge density analysis
Authors: Starynowicz Przemysław
Published: August 2024

Five halogenides of Eu(ii), EuCl2·2H2O, EuCl2·6H2O, EuBr2·H2O, EuBr2·6H2O and EuI2·6H2O, were studied. The Eu(ii)–O bonds are more ionic than Gd(iii)–O bonds, and in the excitation spectra of the hexahydrates, 8S7/2 → 6PJ transitions were observed.
Abrasive-free chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) of gold for thin film nano-patterning
Authors: Gherman Raphael , Beaudin Guillaume , Stricher Romain , Bryche Jean-François , Levesque Pierre , Fillion-Gourdeau François , MacLean Steve G. , Drouin Dominique , Charette Paul G. , Ecoffey Serge
Published: August 2024

This 5 × 3 mm2 photograph shows the vibrant colors reflected by a nanostructured gold surface made by CMP. Each 20 × 20 μm2 pixel is a mosaic of gold nanocubes with different dimensions, creating this colorful image of the gold CMP damascene technique.
Fabrication of a highly efficient CuO/ZnCo2O4/CNTs ternary composite for photocatalytic degradation of hazardous pollutants
Authors: Alomayrah Norah , Ikram Mustabshira , Zulfiqar Sonia , Alomairy Sultan , Al-Buriahi Mohammed Sultan , Shakir Imran , Warsi Muhammad Farooq , Cochran Eric W.
Published: August 2024

In the current study, CuO, ZnCo2O4, CuO/ZnCo2O4, and CuO/ZnCo2O4/CNTs photocatalysts were prepared to remove crystal violet (CV) and colorless pollutants (diclofenac sodium and phenol) from wastewater.
A cyclic trinuclear silver complex for photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Xia Ri-Qin , Liu Zhen-Na , Tang Yu-Ying , Luo Xiao , Wei Rong-Jia , Wu Tao , Ning Guo-Hong , Li Dan
Published: August 2024

A BODIPY-based silver cyclic trinuclear complex can be used as a photocatalyst for producing H2O2 either from pure water or from sea water with high photocatalytic activities in the absence of any additives.
Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae and controlling conditions for 2,3-butanediol production from glycerol
Authors: Khattab Sadat Mohamed Rezk , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed Ali , Katahira Masato , Watanabe Takashi
Published: August 2024

2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) has gained much attention due to its bulk chemical uses in numerous applications such as the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, synthetic rubber, inks, resins, perfumes, foodstuffs, fuel additives, and aviation fuel.
Growth of membranes formed by associating polymers at interfaces
Authors: Govorun Elena N. , de Baubigny Julien Dupré , Perrin Patrick , Reyssat Mathilde , Pantoustier Nadège , Salez Thomas , Monteux Cécile
Published: August 2024

Membrane film growth at weak PMAA ionization is described as a process controlled by interdiffusion. The slowdown at higher ionization can be explained by a drop in the film composition gradient and an electrostatic barrier at the film boundaries.
Enhancing the H2 yield from photoreforming of natural lignocellulose feedstock by two-stage thermo-alkaline hydrolysis pretreatment
Authors: Wang Wei , Jin Zhenyu , Cheng Binhai , Zhao Ming
Published: August 2024

Two-stage thermo-alkaline hydrolysis (TS-TAH) boosts H2 yield by simply applying a commercial SrTiO3 catalyst in natural lignocellulose photoreforming processes.
Transglutaminase 2-mediated histone monoaminylation and its role in cancer
Authors: Li Huapeng , Wu Jinghua , Zhang Nan , Zheng Qingfei
Published: August 2024

Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) has been known as a well-characterized factor regulating the progression of multiple types of cancer, due to its multifunctional activities and the ubiquitous signaling pathways it is involved in. As a member of the transglutaminase family, TGM2 catalyzes protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), including monoaminylation, amide hydrolysis, cross-linking, etc., through the transamidation of variant glutamine-containing protein substrates. Recent discoveries revealed histone as an important category of TGM2 substrates, thus identifying histone monoaminylation as an emerging epigenetic mark, which is highly enriched in cancer cells and possesses significant regulatory functions of gene transcription. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in TGM2-mediated histone monoaminylation as well as its role in cancer and discuss the key research methodologies to better understand this unique epigenetic mark, thereby shedding light on the therapeutic potential of TGM2 as a druggable target in cancer treatment.
The Relationship Between Executive Functioning and Narrative Language Abilities in Aphasia
Authors: Dutta Manaswita , Murray Laura L. , Stark Brielle C.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Although individuals with aphasia commonly exhibit challenges in executive functioning (EF) and spoken discourse, there is limited research exploring connections between these abilities within this specific population. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between verbal and nonverbal EF and narrative productions in aphasia using a multilevel linguistic approach.

Method:

Participants included 22 persons with aphasia (PWA) and 24 age- and education-matched, neurologically healthy controls (NHC). All participants completed assessments for EF and a story retelling task. Narrative samples were analyzed for microlinguistic (productivity, lexical and syntactic features, semantic content, word and sentence errors) and macrolinguistic (coherence, informational content, organization, and language use) characteristics. Correlational analyses were employed to explore the relationships among narrative variables. EF factors, extracted from principal component analysis, were used as predictive variables in hierarchical stepwise regression analyses to evaluate their role in predicting narrative performances of PWA and NHC.

Results:

Relative to NHC, PWA exhibited impaired narrative performance affecting both microlinguistic and macrolinguistic levels. Breakdowns at the structural level (i.e., reduced productivity, syntax, lexical retrieval, and diversity) correlated with impaired story completeness, organization, and connectedness; this relationship was more prominent for PWA. Three EF factors representing (1) verbal EF, (2) verbal and nonverbal fluency, and (3) nonverbal EF were extracted. Factors 1 and 2 largely predicted narrative performance, whereas Factor 3 (i.e., nonverbal EF) contributed prominently to predicting macrolinguistic discourse performance in both groups although accounting for less variance in the data. Overall, lower EF scores, particularly verbal EF variables, predicted poor narrative performance in both groups.

Conclusions:

Our results indicate that both linguistic and extralinguistic cognitive abilities play a role in story retelling performances among PWA. Notably, both verbal and nonverbal EF skills were found to be correlated with narrative abilities. However, the extent of their contributions varied depending on the discourse levels assessed. These findings provide a significant contribution to our understanding of the cognitive factors associated with breakdowns in discourse among PWA and highlight the importance of comprehensive assessment of EF and discourse within this population.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26485627
The Effect of Age of First Exposure on Vocabulary, Mean Length of Utterance, Morphosyntactic Accuracy, and Semantic and Sentence-Level Patterns in the First 2 Years of French Second-Language Learning by Preschool- to Adolescent-Age Mandarin Speakers
Authors: Thordardottir Elin , Plez Ludivine
Published: August 2024

Background:

Bilingual assessment is particularly difficult in the very first period of children's second language (L2) exposure. This exploratory, longitudinal study examined L2 learning after 1 and 2 years of L2 exposure by young immigrants and how it is affected by their age at first exposure to the L2 (AoE).

Method:

Participants were 18 immigrants ranging in age from 2;11 to 14;2 (years;months), all within their first year in Montreal at Time 1, enrolled in a French school or day care, and from a Mandarin first language background. Participants were tested again a year later. Measures included receptive and expressive French vocabulary tests and conversational language samples analyzed using traditional measures of mean length of utterance (MLU) and morphological accuracy as well as novel measures of semantic and sentence-level patterns.

Results:

Performance was relatively high already at Time 1 and increased significantly at Time 2 in both vocabulary and MLU. At Time 2, vocabulary scores were below normative values, whereas MLU was within expected values relative to monolingual and simultaneous bilinguals for the majority of the participants. However, higher MLUs were accompanied by more instances of both semantic errors and creative semantic strategies. French performance was strongly related to AoE; with amount of exposure equivalent, older participants outperformed the younger ones on MLU and vocabulary. Semantic errors and creative uses were strongly predicted by AoE; however, morphological accuracy and number of agrammatical utterances were not.

Conclusions:

This initial period of French learning involved a rapid growth spurt for most of the participants. We argue that the pattern observed, particularly among the older children, constitutes an early stage of L2 learning characterized by long utterances that are also frequently hard to understand as speakers encounter challenges and use creative strategies in their attempt to convey meaning. Comparison with normative reference bases for monolinguals and bilinguals with greater cumulative L2 exposure who have similar MLUs should be done with much caution during this early period.
Insights From Important Event Recounts Told by People With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zhang Erica , Steel Joanne , Togher Leanne , Fromm Davida , MacWhinney Brian , Bogart Elise
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Communication can be chronically impacted by severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet there is a critical lack of research investigating communication recovery beyond 12 months postinjury with discourse measures. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate quantitative and qualitative changes in
important event
recounts produced by a group of people with severe TBI up to 2 years postinjury.

Method:

A prospective observational design with an inception cohort was adopted. Thirty-four participants with severe TBI were asked to produce an important event recount at 6, 12, and 24 months postinjury. A mixed-methods approach comprised a quantitative analysis of microlinguistic and macrostructural measures, using the automated discourse command EVAL in Computerized Language Analysis (CLAN) and the CLAN Collaborative Commentary tool, respectively. Statistical analysis included a repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Friedman test. An independent qualitative content analysis was also conducted.

Results:

The measures revealed significant differences between 6 and 24 months, indicating a protracted recovery trajectory. The microlinguistic analysis showed increased use of revision and repetition over time. The macrostructural analysis indicated changes with orientation to recount characters, evaluative comments, and the number of events or complexity of the recount. The content analysis revealed categories of (a) childhood events, (b) family and relationships, (c) career and education, and (d) grief and loss. Topics at 6 months focused on childhood events and holidays, whereas career and education predominated at 24 months.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to explore important event recounts told by people with severe TBI as they recovered. Participants showed discourse recovery beyond 12 months, highlighting the need for equivalent timing of service provision. The important event recount shows good potential as an ecologically valid assessment tool to evaluate communication recovery that can also be integrated with advances in computerized analysis. Analyses additionally provided insights into potential therapy targets and content categories for chronic discourse impairments.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26499271
ATAT: Astronomical Transformer for time series and Tabular data
Authors: Cabrera-Vives G. , Moreno-Cartagena D. , Astorga N. , Reyes-Jainaga I. , Förster F. , Huijse P. , Arredondo J. , Muñoz Arancibia A. M. , Bayo A. , Catelan M. , Estévez P. A. , Sánchez-Sáez P. , Álvarez A. , Castellanos P. , Gallardo P. , Moya A. , Rodriguez-Mancini D.
Published: August 2024

Context. The advent of next-generation survey instruments, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and its Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), is opening a window for new research in time-domain astronomy. The Extended LSST Astronomical Time-Series Classification Challenge (ELAsTiCC) was created to test the capacity of brokers to deal with a simulated LSST stream.

Aims. Our aim is to develop a next-generation model for the classification of variable astronomical objects. We describe ATAT, the Astronomical Transformer for time series And Tabular data, a classification model conceived by the ALeRCE alert broker to classify light curves from next-generation alert streams. ATAT was tested in production during the first round of the ELAsTiCC campaigns.

Methods. ATAT consists of two transformer models that encode light curves and features using novel time modulation and quantile feature tokenizer mechanisms, respectively. ATAT was trained on different combinations of light curves, metadata, and features calculated over the light curves. We compare ATAT against the current ALeRCE classifier, a balanced hierarchical random forest (BHRF) trained on human-engineered features derived from light curves and metadata.

Results. When trained on light curves and metadata, ATAT achieves a macro F1 score of 82.9 ± 0.4 in 20 classes, outperforming the BHRF model trained on 429 features, which achieves a macro F1 score of 79.4 ± 0.1.

Conclusions. The use of transformer multimodal architectures, combining light curves and tabular data, opens new possibilities for classifying alerts from a new generation of large etendue telescopes, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, in real-world brokering scenarios.
Properties of the diffuse gas component in filaments detected in the Dianoga cosmological simulations
Authors: Ilc Samo , Fabjan Dunja , Rasia Elena , Borgani Stefano , Dolag Klaus
Published: August 2024

Context. Cosmic filaments are observationally hard to detect. However, hydrodynamical cosmological simulations are ideal laboratories where the evolution of the cosmic web can be studied, and they allow for easier insight into the nature of the filaments.

Aims. We investigate how the intrinsic properties of filaments are evolving in areas extracted from a larger cosmological simulation. We aim to identify significant trends in the properties of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) and suggest possible explanations.

Methods. To study the filaments and their contents, we selected a subset of regions from the Dianoga simulation. We analysed these regions that were simulated with different baryon physics, namely with and without AGN feedback. We constructed the cosmic web using the subspace constrained mean shift (SCMS) algorithm and the sequential chain algorithm for resolving filaments (SCARF). We examined the basic physical properties of filaments (length, shape, mass, radius) and analysed different gas phases (hot, WHIM, and colder gas components) within those structures. The evolution of the global filament properties and the properties of the gas phases were studied in the redshift range 0 < z < 1.48.

Results. Within our simulations, the detected filaments have, on average, lengths below 9 Mpc. The filaments’ shape correlates with their length, as the longer they are, the more likely they are curved. We find that the scaling relation between mass M and length L of the filaments is well described by the power law M ∞ L1.7. The radial density profile widens with redshift, meaning that the radius of the filaments becomes larger over time. The fraction of gas mass in the WHIM phase does not depend on the model and rises towards lower redshifts. However, the included baryon physics has a strong impact on the metallicity of gas in filaments, indicating that the AGN feedback impacts the metal content already at redshifts of z ~ 2.
Understanding the multi-wavelength thermal dust polarisation from the Orion molecular cloud in light of the radiative torque paradigm
Authors: Tram Le Ngoc , Hoang Thiem , Wiesemeyer Helmut , Ristorcelli Isabelle , Menten Karl M. , Ngoc Nguyen Bich , Diep Pham Ngoc
Published: August 2024

Dust grains play a key role in various astrophysical processes and serve as indicators of interstellar medium structures, density, and mass. Understanding their physical properties and chemical composition is a crucial goal in astrophysics. Dust polarisation is a valuable tool for studying these properties. The radiative torque (RAT) paradigm, which includes radiative torque alignment (RAT-A) and radiative torque disruption (RAT-D), is essential to interpreting the dust polarisation data and constraining the fundamental properties of dust grains. However, it has been used primarily to interpret observations at a single wavelength. In this study, we analyse the thermal dust polarisation spectrum obtained from observations with SOFIA/HAWC+ and JCMT/POL-2 in the Orion molecular cloud 1 (OMC-1) region and compare the observational data with our numerical results using the RAT paradigm. In general, we show that the dense gas exhibits a positive spectral slope, whereas the warm regions show a negative one. We demonstrate that a one-layer dust (one-phase) model can only reproduce the observed spectra at certain locations and cannot match those with prominent V-shaped spectra (for which the degree of polarisation initially decreases with wavelength from 54 to ~300µm and then increases at longer wavelengths). To address this, we improved our model by incorporating two dust components (warm and cold) along the line of sight, resulting in a two-phase model. This improved model successfully reproduces the V-shaped spectra. The best model corresponds to a mixture composition of silicate and carbonaceous grains in the cold medium. Finally, by assuming the plausible model of grain alignment, we were able to infer the inclination angle of the magnetic fields in OMC-1. This approach is an important step towards a better understanding the physics of grain alignment and constraining 3D magnetic fields using dust polarisation spectra.
Asteroid pairs: Survey of the inner main belt
Authors: Kyrylenko I. , Krugly Yu. N. , Golubov O.
Published: August 2024

Context. An asteroid pair forms when an asteroid splits into two unbound fragments because of collision, rotational fission, or binary system decay. The two components of the asteroid pair share similar physical properties and their orbits converge when integrated into the past. Currently, 268 asteroid pairs are known, and new pairs are discovered alongside the continuous discovery of new asteroids.

Aims. We conducted a survey in the inner asteroid belt to find new asteroid pairs, estimated their age, and classified their physical properties. As presently no M-type asteroid pairs are known, we also conducted a specialized survey of them.

Methods. We preselected asteroid pair candidates based on their distances in the five-dimensional space of osculating orbital elements. We created multiple clones within the uncertainties of their orbital elements and conducted their backtrack integration into the past. We searched for convergence of their clones at close spatial points with small relative velocities, the distribution of which determines the pair formation age.

Results. We find 40 new asteroid pairs, thus increasing the total number of known pairs by 15%. One of the newly discovered pairs, 469759 - 2016 QZ 123, with an age of 2.6−0.2+0.7 kyr is now the third-youngest known asteroid pair. We studied the influence of the mutual gravitation of pair components on the process of their evolution and successfully observed the gravitational catching of the two pair members in the past. As a byproduct of pair search, we find eight asteroids connected in a cluster with an age of 76−25+15 kyr that belongs to the Phocaea family and incorporates one previously known asteroid pair. We confirm the convergence of ten asteroid pairs discovered in our previous research and improve their age estimates. We observed a deficiency of M-type asteroid pairs, and therefore conducted a dedicated search for M-type pairs, but found none.
Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS)
Authors: Moscadelli L. , Oliva A. , Sanna A. , Surcis G. , Bayandina O.
Published: August 2024

Context. Understanding the launching mechanism of winds and jets remains one of the fundamental challenges in astrophysics. The Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS) survey has recently mapped the 3D velocity field of the protostellar winds in a sample (37) of luminous young stellar objects (YSOs) at scales of 10–100 au via very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the 22 GHz water masers. In most of the targets, the distribution of the 3D maser velocities can be explained in terms of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disk wind (DW).

Aims. Our goal is to assess the launching mechanism of the protostellar wind in the YSO IRAS 21078+5211, the most promising MHD DW candidate from the POETS survey.

Methods. We have performed multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of the 22 GHz water masers in IRAS 21078+5211 to determine the 3D velocities of the gas flowing along several wind streamlines previously identified at a linear resolution of ~1 au.

Results. Near the YSO at small separations along (xl ≤ 150 au) and across (R ≤ 40 au) the jet axis, water masers trace three individual DW streamlines. By exploiting the 3D kinematic information of the masers, we determined the launch radii of these streamlines with an accuracy of ~1 au, and they lie in the range of 10–50 au. At increasingly greater distances along the jet (110 au ≤ xl ≤ 220 au), the outflowing gas speeds up while it collimates close to the jet axis. Magneto-centrifugal launching in a radially extended MHD DW appears to be the only viable process to explain the fast (up to 60 km s−1) and collimated (down to 10°) velocities of the wind in correspondence with launch radii ranging between 10 and 50 au. At larger separations from the jet axis (R ≥ 100 au), the water masers trace a slow (≤20 km s−1), radially expanding arched shock-front with kinematics inconsistent with magneto-centrifugal launching. Our resistive-magnetohydrodynamical simulations indicate that this shock-front could be driven by magnetic pressure.

Conclusions. The results obtained in IRAS 21078+5211 demonstrate that VLBI observations of the 22 GHz water masers can reliably determine the launching mechanism of protostellar winds.
Humanoid robot control system utilizing cost-oriented automation (COA) and edge detection
Authors: Prabowo Aditya Bayu , Pratomo Awang Hendrianto , Ahmad M.S. Hendriyawan
Published: August 2024

Humanoid robots are machines designed to resemble the human body. They emulate specific aspects of human physiology, cognition, and social behavior to facilitate perception, processing, and action. One of the world’s most notable humanoid robot competitions is the HuroCup organized by The Federation of International Sports Association (FIRA). Although the race hosts various categories, this study only considers the obstacle run. This study has multiple objectives, including enhancing the ability of the humanoid robot’s vision system to detect objects using the Edge Detection algorithm. Additionally, the study aims to integrate the Cost-Oriented Automation (COA) and Edge Detection algorithms to enable the robot to detect and avoid obstacle objects. The COA algorithm serves a role in the robot’s body structure, while the Edge Detection algorithm detects objects through the Canny operator’s edge detection capabilities within the robot’s visual range. The Canny operator functions to reduce edge ambiguity for improved object detection. The results of the test indicate that in images with dark light intensity conditions in the HSV (Value Channel) color space, the average detection accuracy of the system reaches 71.43%. The detection accuracy increases to 82.86% in images with bright light intensity conditions. However, in images with dark light intensity conditions in the RGB (Blue Channel) color space, the detection accuracy is 50%, and it increases to 61.42% in images with bright light intensity conditions. The data confirms that using HSV color space images (Value Channel) provides better detection accuracy results than using RGB color space images (Blue Channel). However, the accuracy of robot movement remains a challenge that requires consideration. The implementation of the Cost-Oriented Automation (COA) and Edge Detection algorithms was able to successfully detect all box-shaped objects; however, the robot’s movements were inaccurate in avoiding obstacles. This was due to the robot’s unstable balance, and there were a few servos in its legs that stopped themselves, resulting in undesired movement. Therefore, the implementation of the Cost-Oriented Automation (COA) algorithm to the robot frame is suboptimal. Further refinement is necessary to improve the accuracy of robot movements. This requires replacing several faulty components, including servos and robot frames, to enhance the system’s overall performance, especially robot movements.
Identifying pathogenic variants associated with Alzeimer by integrating genomic databases and bioinformatics approaches
Authors: Amukti Danang Prasetyaning , Wazni Annisa Rizqita , Irham Lalu Muhammad , Sulistyani Nanik , Ma’ruf Muhammad , Adikusuma Wirawan , Sarasmita Made Ary , Khairi Sabiah , Purwanto Barkah Djaka , Suyatmi Suyatmi , Siswanto Lalu Muhammad Harmain , Chong Rockie
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, metabolic changes, cognitive impairment, and misfolding of tau protein and amyloid beta peptide (Aß). Several genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been discovered recently through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the relationship between many loci and the likelihood of the occurrence of AD remains unexplained. In this study, we sought to identify variants of this pathogen on different continents using genome-based methodologies and bioinformatics. We found that the variant rs138799625, rs7412, rs61762319, and rs75932628 most likely to damage Alzheimer’s. In addition, these four variants appear to affect the expression of the atp8b4, APOE, MME and TREM2 genes in whole blood tissue. Our findings suggest that these genomic variants require further research for validation in functional studies and clinical trials in Alzheimer’s patients. We conclude that the integration of genome-based databases and bioinformatics can improve our understanding of disease susceptibility, including Alzheimer’s.
Gastric variceal obstruction improves the efficacy of endoscopic management of esophageal variceal bleeding in GOV type I
Authors: Huang Xiaoquan , Zou Detong , Wang Huishan , Chen Wei , Zhang Lili , Li Feng , Ma Lili , Zhang Chunqing , Chen Ying , Chen Shiyao
Published: August 2024

Background and study aims Limited data exist regarding endoscopic
obstruction of type I gastroesophageal (GOV I) in managing bleeding from esophageal varices.
In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we aimed to access the efficacy of blocking
gastric varices in management of bleeding from esophageal varices in patients with
GOV1.

Patients and methods Cirrhotic patients experiencing bleeding
from esophageal varices and having GOV I gastric varices in four centers were screened. All
included patients were followed up for 180 days, or until death.

Results A total of 93 cirrhotic patients with GOV I and bleeding
esophageal varices were included. Among them, 58 patients underwent endoscopic cyanoacrylate
injection (ECI) for gastric varices in addition to treatment for esophageal varices (EV),
while the remaining 35 patients received treatment for EV only. Kaplan-Meier analysis
demonstrated that the cumulative 180-day rebleeding rate was significantly lower in the ECI
plus EV treatment group (7.9%) compared with the EV treatment group (30.7%) (P = 0.0031). The cumulative incidence of 180-day mortality was 1.9% in
the ECI plus EV treatment group and 23.9% in the EV treatment group (P = 0.0010). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that concomitant ECI
treatment was an independent protective factor against 180-day rebleeding and overall
mortality.

Conclusions In conclusion, obstruction of gastric varices in
addition to endoscopic treatment for bleeding from esophageal varices in patients with GOV 1
proved superior to endoscopic treatment alone for esophageal variceal bleeding.
Gender Differences in 381 Patients Undergoing Isolated Mitral Regurgitation Repair
Authors: Cheng Yu-Hua , Ma Wei-Guo , Zeng Jian-Wen , Han Yun-Fei , Sun Kai , Huang Wei-Qin
Published: August 2024

Objective This study aimed to compare the gender differences in isolated mitral regurgitation (MR) repair.

Methods Of 381 adults aged 54.8 ± 12.3 years undergoing mitral valve repair (MVP) for isolated MR from January 2019 to December 2022, the baseline and operative data, and outcomes were compared between 161 women (42.3%) and 220 men (57.7%).

Results Women tended to be nonsmokers (98.1 vs. 45%, p < 0.001), and have more cerebrovascular accidents (38.5% vs. 24.1%, p = 0.004) and isolated annular dilatation (19.3 vs. 9.1%, p = 0.010), lower creatinine (70.0 ± 19.5 vs. 86.3 ± 19.9 μmol/dL, p < 0.001), and smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD; 54.4 ± 6.7 vs. 57.8 ± 6.6 mm, p < 0.001). One female died of stroke at 2 days (0.3%). Another female (0.3%) underwent mitral valve replacement for failed repair. Stroke occurred in 4 (1.0%). Two underwent reexploration for bleeding (0.5%). Women were more likely to have less 24-hour drainage (290 ± 143 vs. 385 ± 196 mL, p < 0.001). Over a mean follow-up of 2.1 ± 1.1 years (100% complete), 1 woman died and 1 man underwent a reoperation; 28 had moderate MR, and 9 had severe MR. Neither did early and late mortality and reoperation, nor freedom from late moderate or severe MR (71.6 vs. 71.4% at 5 years; p = 0.992) differ significantly between the two genders. Predictors for late moderate or severe MR were anterior leaflet prolapse (hazard ratio [HR] 4.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–16.72; p = 0.027) and isolated annular dilation (HR 5.47, 95% CI 1.29–23.25; p = 0.021).

Conclusion In this series of patients undergoing isolated MR repair, despite significant differences in smoking, cerebrovascular accidents, creatinine, LVEDD, and isolated annular dilatation at baseline, and 24-hour drainage postoperatively, women and men did not show significant differences in early and late survival, reoperation, and freedom from late moderate or severe MR.
A Multi-Stimuli Responsive Spiropyran–Tetraphenylethene Conjugate for the Control of Near-Infrared Emission
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Subhajit , Kar Sajal , Chatterjee Sheelbhadra
Published: August 2024

The synthesis of a dinitrotetraphenylethene linked to two photochromic spiropyran moieties was achieved. The compound displays photochromic and acidochromic behavior. In the aggregated merocyanine photoisomeric state, the molecule is prone to form aggregates of the zwitterionic form. The merocyanine form displays near-infrared intense fluorescence (λmax_em. at 665 nm) extending into the near-infrared region up to 900 nm. On the other hand, the spiropyran form displays fluorescence in the 450 nm region. In DMF/water mixture, the near-infrared emission is quenched whereas the spiropyran form displays fluorescence with a λmax_em. at 563 nm.
Management and Outcomes of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Associated with Vasospasm Post Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the National Neurosurgical Center in Ireland
Authors: Wiseman Patrick N. , Power Sarah , MacNally Stephen , Nolan Deirdre , Corr Paula , Curley Gerard , Larkin Caroline M.
Published: August 2024

Background Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is the leading cause of adverse outcome in patients who survive the initial phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). While guidelines recommend induced hypertension as a first-line treatment for DCI, there is no high-level evidence confirming outcome benefit.

Methods Patients admitted with nontraumatic SAH over 3 years period were identified. Demographics, clinical/radiological presentation, aneurysm repair method, and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) 3 months postdischarge were recorded. A subgroup of patients who suffered clinically significant vasospasm were identified, and their hypertensive therapy and outcomes were examined.

Results A total of 532 patients were admitted with SAH; 68 developed vasospasm. The vasospasm subgroup was divided based on vasopressor treatment—norepinephrine alone (n = 27) versus norepinephrine plus vasopressin (n = 35). No correlation was found between percentage of days that mean arterial pressure (MAP) targets were met and GOS outcome. Patients treated with both agents had worse GOS outcomes at than those treated with norepinephrine alone.

Conclusion In our study, 12.8% of patients SAH developed vasospasm. Twenty-seven patients were treated with norepinephrine alone and 35 were treated with norepinephrine plus vasopressin to achieve augmented MAP targets. There was no correlation between percentage of days that MAP targets were met and improved patient outcome. The 68 patients stayed a total of 783 days in ICU, with a mean length of stay of 11.5 days. Patients who required dual therapy to achieve MAP targets had significantly worse neurological outcomes.