bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small Drones for Community-Based Forest Monitoring: An Assessment of Their Feasibility and Potential in Tropical Areas
Authors: Paneque-Gálvez Jaime , McCall Michael , Napoletano Brian , Wich Serge , Koh Lian
Published: June 2014

Data gathered through community-based forest monitoring (CBFM) programs may be as accurate as those gathered by professional scientists, but acquired at a much lower cost and capable of providing more detailed data about the occurrence, extent and drivers of forest loss, degradation and regrowth at the community scale. In addition, CBFM enables greater survey repeatability. Therefore, CBFM should be a fundamental component of national forest monitoring systems and programs to measure, report and verify (MRV) REDD+ activities. To contribute to the development of more effective approaches to CBFM, in this paper we assess: (1) the feasibility of using small, low-cost drones (i.e., remotely piloted aerial vehicles) in CBFM programs; (2) their potential advantages and disadvantages for communities, partner organizations and forest data end-users; and (3) to what extent their utilization, coupled with ground surveys and local ecological knowledge, would improve tropical forest monitoring. To do so, we reviewed the existing literature regarding environmental applications of drones, including forest monitoring, and drew on our own firsthand experience flying small drones to map and monitor tropical forests and training people to operate them. We believe that the utilization of small drones can enhance CBFM and that this approach is feasible in many locations throughout the tropics if some degree of external assistance and funding is provided to communities. We suggest that the use of small drones can help tropical communities to better manage and conserve their forests whilst benefiting partner organizations, governments and forest data end-users, particularly those engaged in forestry, biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation projects such as REDD+.
Defensive Metabolites from Antarctic Invertebrates: Does Energetic Content Interfere with Feeding Repellence?
Authors: Núñez-Pons Laura , Avila Conxita
Published: June 2014

Many bioactive products from benthic invertebrates mediating ecological interactions have proved to reduce predation, but their mechanisms of action, and their molecular identities, are usually unknown. It was suggested, yet scarcely investigated, that nutritional quality interferes with defensive metabolites. This means that antifeedants would be less effective when combined with energetically rich prey, and that higher amounts of defensive compounds would be needed for predator avoidance. We evaluated the effects of five types of repellents obtained from Antarctic invertebrates, in combination with diets of different energetic values. The compounds came from soft corals, ascidians and hexactinellid sponges; they included wax esters, alkaloids, a meroterpenoid, a steroid, and the recently described organic acid, glassponsine. Feeding repellency was tested through preference assays by preparing diets (alginate pearls) combining different energetic content and inorganic material. Experimental diets contained various concentrations of each repellent product, and were offered along with control compound-free pearls, to the Antarctic omnivore amphipod Cheirimedon femoratus. Meridianin alkaloids were the most active repellents, and wax esters were the least active when combined with foods of distinct energetic content. Our data show that levels of repellency vary for each compound, and that they perform differently when mixed with distinct assay foods. The natural products that interacted the most with energetic content were those occurring in nature at higher concentrations. The bioactivity of the remaining metabolites tested was found to depend on a threshold concentration, enough to elicit feeding repellence, independently from nutritional quality.
Microfabrication of a Novel Ceramic Pressure Sensor with High Sensitivity Based on Low-Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC) Technology
Authors: Li Chen , Tan Qiulin , Zhang Wendong , Xue Chenyang , Li Yunzhi , Xiong Jijun
Published: June 2014

In this paper, a novel capacitance pressure sensor based on Low-Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology is proposed for pressure measurement. This approach differs from the traditional fabrication process for a LTCC pressure sensor because a 4J33 iron-nickel-cobalt alloy is applied to avoid the collapse of the cavity and to improve the performance of the sensor. Unlike the traditional LTCC sensor, the sensitive membrane of the proposed sensor is very flat, and the deformation of the sensitivity membrane is smaller. The proposed sensor also demonstrates a greater responsivity, which reaches as high as 13 kHz/kPa in range of 0–100 kPa. During experiments, the newly fabricated sensor, which is only about 6.5 cm2, demonstrated very good performance: the repeatability error, hysteresis error, and nonlinearity of the sensor are about 4.25%, 2.13%, and 1.77%, respectively.
Three-Dimensional Heterocycles: New Uracil-Based Structures Obtained by Nucleophilic Substitution at the sp2 Carbon of Bromoisoxazoline
Authors: Memeo Misal , Lapolla Francesco , Bovio Bruna , Quadrelli Paolo
Published: June 2014

The regioisomeric cycloadducts of bromonitrile oxide and N-benzoyl-2,3-oxaza-norborn-5-ene were easily prepared and elaborated into a novel class of uracil-based scaffolds. The key-synthetic step is the nucleophilic substitution at the sp2 carbon atom of the bromoisoxazoline three-dimensional heterocycles. The protocol to perform the nucleophilic substitution of uracil anions was optimized and adapted to the steric requirements of the substrates. A library of pyrimidine derivatives was prepared in very good yields and the products were fully characterized. They are proposed as nucleoside analogues and as synthons for β-turn motifs within PNA structures.
Production of the Anti-Inflammatory Compound 6-O-Palmitoyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcampesterol by Callus Cultures of Lopezia racemosa Cav. (Onagraceae)
Authors: Salinas Roberta , Arellano-García Jesús , Perea-Arango Irene , Álvarez Laura , Garduño-Ramírez María , Marquina Silvia , Zamilpa Alejandro , Castillo-España Patricia
Published: June 2014

Lopezia racemosa Cav. is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine to heal inflammatory diseases. From this plant we isolated the novel compound 6-O-palmitoyl- 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcampesterol (1) and 6-O-palmitoyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-sitosterol (2), previously reported to have cytotoxic activity on several cancer cell lines. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of 1 in vivo by mouse ear edema induced with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 57.14% inhibition was observed. The aim of our study was to obtain callus cultures derived from this plant species with the ability to produce the compounds of interest. Callus cultures were initiated on MS basal medium amended with variable amounts of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), combined or not with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Ten treatments with these growth regulators were carried out, using in vitro germinated seedlings as source of three different explants: hypocotyl, stem node, and leaf. Highest yield of 1 was observed on callus derived from leaf explants growing in medium containing 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BAP. Selected callus lines produced less 1 than wild plants but the in vitro cultured seedlings showed higher production. So we conclude that it could be attractive to further investigate their metabolic potential.
Selenium-Enriched Agaricus bisporus Mushroom Protects against Increase in Gut Permeability ex vivo and Up-Regulates Glutathione Peroxidase 1 and 2 in Hyperthermally-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats
Authors: Maseko Tebo , Dunshea Frank , Howell Kate , Cho Hyun-Jung , Rivera Leni , Furness John , Ng Ken
Published: June 2014

Dietary effects of organic Se supplementation in the form of Se-enriched Agaricus bisporus mushroom on ileal mucosal permeability and antioxidant selenoenzymes status in heat induced oxidative stress in rats were evaluated. Acute heat stress (40 °C, 21% relative humidity, 90 min exposure) increased ileum baseline short circuit current (Isc; 2.40-fold) and epithelial conductance (Ge; 2.74-fold). Dietary supplementation with Se-enriched A. bisporus (1 µg Se/g feed) reduced (p < 0.05) ileum Isc and Ge during heat stress to 1.74 and 1.91 fold, respectively, indicating protection from heat stress-induced mucosal permeability increase. The expression of ileum glutathione peroxidase (GPx-) 1 and 2 mRNAs were up-regulated (p < 0.05) by 1.90 and 1.87-fold, respectively, for non-heat stress rats on the Se-enriched diet relative to the control. The interplay between heat stress and dietary Se is complex. For rats on the control diet, heat stress alone increased ileum expression of GPx-1 (2.33-fold) and GPx-2 (2.23-fold) relative to thermoneutral conditions. For rats on the Se-enriched diet, heat stress increased (p < 0.05) GPx-1 expression only. Rats on Se-enriched + α-tocopherol diet exhibited increased expression of both genes (p < 0.05). Thus, dietary Se-enriched A. bisporus protected against increase in ileum permeability and up-regulated GPx-1 and GPx-2 expression, selenoenzymes relevant to mitigating oxidative stress.
Smart Sensors Enable Smart Air Conditioning Control
Authors: Cheng Chin-Chi , Lee Dasheng
Published: June 2014

In this study, mobile phones, wearable devices, temperature and human motion detectors are integrated as smart sensors for enabling smart air conditioning control. Smart sensors obtain feedback, especially occupants’ information, from mobile phones and wearable devices placed on human body. The information can be used to adjust air conditioners in advance according to humans’ intentions, in so-called intention causing control. Experimental results show that the indoor temperature can be controlled accurately with errors of less than ±0.1 °C. Rapid cool down can be achieved within 2 min to the optimized indoor capacity after occupants enter a room. It’s also noted that within two-hour operation the total compressor output of the smart air conditioner is 48.4% less than that of the one using On-Off control. The smart air conditioner with wearable devices could detect the human temperature and activity during sleep to determine the sleeping state and adjusting the sleeping function flexibly. The sleeping function optimized by the smart air conditioner with wearable devices could reduce the energy consumption up to 46.9% and keep the human health. The presented smart air conditioner could provide a comfortable environment and achieve the goals of energy conservation and environmental protection.
Correction: Rozenstein, O., et al. Derivation of Land Surface Temperature for Landsat-8 TIRS Using a Split Window Algorithm. Sensors 2014, 14, 5768–5780
Authors: Rozenstein Offer , Qin Zhihao , Derimian Yevgeny , Karnieli Arnon
Published: June 2014

We have recently been made aware by a reader of a typo in Equation (4a) of our recent paper [1]. [...]
Cavin‐1/PTRF alters prostate cancer cell‐derived extracellular vesicle content and internalization to attenuate extracellular vesicle‐mediated osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast proliferation
Authors: Inder Kerry L. , Ruelcke Jayde E. , Petelin Lara , Moon Hyeongsun , Choi Eunju , Rae James , Blumenthal Antje , Hutmacher Dietmar , Saunders Nicholas A. , Stow Jennifer L. , Parton Robert G. , Hill Michelle M.
Published: June 2014

Background

Tumour‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in tumour progression; however, the spectrum of molecular mechanisms regulating EV secretion and cargo selection remain to be fully elucidated. We have reported that cavin‐1 expression in prostate cancer PC3 cells reduced the abundance of a subset of EV proteins, concomitant with reduced xenograft tumour growth and metastasis.

Methods

We examined the functional outcomes and mechanisms of cavin‐1 expression on PC3‐derived EVs (PC3‐EVs).

Results

PC3‐EVs were internalized by osteoclast precursor RAW264.7 cells and primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) in vitro, stimulating osteoclastogenesis 37‐fold and hOB proliferation 1.5‐fold, respectively. Strikingly, EVs derived from cavin‐1‐expressing PC3 cells (cavin‐1‐PC3‐EVs) failed to induce multinucleate osteoblasts or hOB proliferation. Cavin‐1 was not detected in EVs, indicating an indirect mechanism of action. EV morphology, size and quantity were also not affected by cavin‐1 expression, suggesting that cavin‐1 modulated EV cargo recruitment rather than release. While cavin‐1‐EVs had no osteoclastogenic function, they were internalized by RAW264.7 cells but at a reduced efficiency compared to control EVs. EV surface proteins are required for internalization of PC3‐EVs by RAW264.7 cells, as proteinase K treatment abolished uptake of both control and cavin‐1‐PC3‐EVs. Removal of sialic acid modifications by neuraminidase treatment increased the amount of control PC3‐EVs internalized by RAW264.7 cells, without affecting cavin‐1‐PC3‐EVs. This suggests that cavin‐1 expression altered the glycosylation modifications on PC3‐EV surface. Finally, cavin‐1 expression did not affect EV in vivo tissue targeting as both control and cavin‐1‐PC3‐EVs were predominantly retained in the lung and bone 24 hours after injection into mice.

Discussion

Taken together, our results reveal a novel pathway for EV cargo sorting, and highlight the potential of utilizing cavin‐1‐mediated pathways to attenuate metastatic prostate cancer.
Une seule fonction de demande ?
Authors: Boelaert Julien
Published: June 2014

Nous présentons un nouveau test de stabilité des préférences, construit à partir d’un modèle de mélange discret de réseaux de neurones artificiels, conçu pour détecter des sous-populations caractérisées par des fonctions de consommation différentes. La procédure est testée sur données simulées et appliquée à deux jeux de microdonnées de consommation des ménages canadiens (1969-1986 et 2004-2008). Nous trouvons que chacun de ces jeux de données rejette la stabilité des préférences. Nous trouvons ensuite, à l’aide de données simulées, que les modèles de demande simples suffisent à la plupart des applications pratiques.
Une évaluation de la taille de l'économie informelle par un système complet de demande estimé sur données monétaires et temporelles
Authors: Aktuna-Gunes Armagan T. , Starzec Christophe , Gardes François
Published: June 2014

Afin d’estimer la taille de l’économie informelle en Turquie, nous estimons un système de demande basé sur l’analyse du comportement de consommation proposée par Pissarides, Weber [1989], Lyssiotou et al. [2004] et Fortin et al . [2009]. Cette estimation est effectuée sur les dépenses monétaires et sur la somme des dépenses monétaires et temporelles (consacrées aux activités domestiques des ménages). Les informations nécessaires sur les inputs monétaires et temporels dans les dépenses de consommation des ménages sont obtenues par l’appariement statistique des enquêtes turques sur le Budget des familles avec l’enquête sur l’Emploi du temps [2006]. Comme prévu, la taille de l’économie informelle en Turquie estimée en utilisant les dépenses complètes (temps plus monnaie) est plus élevée que celles obtenues par l’approche des dépenses monétaires (respectivement 40,6 % et 33,5 % du pib pour les travailleurs indépendants et 20,7 % et 14,1 % du pib pour les salariés) et également plus élevée que celle obtenue par les méthodes macroéconomiques plus conventionnelles (35,1 %).
La France et l' Union européenne
Authors: Lavigne Jean-Claude
Published: June 2014

Résumé Que peut signifier pour la France, au-delà d’effets de conjoncture, la victoire du non au référendum sur le traité de constitution européenne du 29 mai 2005 ? On explorera tour à tour les questions de l’espace public, les questions identitaires, celles du statut de l’étranger et celles du lien politique qui ont été soulevées par le résultat du vote des Français. À partir de l’ancrage européen de la France et du rejet du projet de traité, on essaiera de proposer une relance du débat sur la construction de l’Europe autour du double impératif éthique de la reconnaissance des différences et de la redistribution des avantages sociaux.
Inês de Castro, la Reine morte : mythe et réalité
Authors: Aranjo Daniel
Published: June 2014

Cette étude poursuit les objectifs suivants : retrouver la vérité, ou ce qui reste de vérité ou de vraisemblance historique autour du personnage, d’autant que le mythe infiltre constamment ce qui nous est présenté de quatrième ou dixième main comme l’histoire d’Inês, y compris par des ouvrages de référence de type scolaire ou universitaire, tant en France qu’en Ibérie, de façon à mieux mesurer l’écart qui sépare le mythe (saisi en sa fondamentale variabilité) de ce que l’on peut retrouver ou inférer avec prudence de cette vérité historique ; appliquer une démarche mythocritique actualisée au thème d’Inês de Castro.
Quai de l’Équinoxe
Authors: Guillou Philippe Le
Published: June 2014

Philippe Le Guillou rend hommage à Montherlant dont l’œuvre a incarné pour lui à la fois un appel à étreindre la beauté du monde, et une exigence radicale, éthique et romaine.
La secrète revendication d’une sexualité féminine : les chants du marcanda chantés par des femmes songhay-zarma d’origine captive (Niger)
Authors: Bornand Sandra
Published: June 2014

Chez les Songhay-Zarma du Niger se déroule, durant les mariages polygames, une cérémonie particulière, le marcanda, au cours de laquelle des femmes d’origine captive évoquent, en chansons et en l’absence des hommes, la sexualité, ses plaisirs et ses déviances. Ces énonciatrices particulières abordent, dans leurs chants, des sujets tabous et semblent prendre systématiquement à contre-pied les valeurs prônées par la société.Maniant à la fois parole directe (emploi de termes vulgaires) et indirecte (métaphores, jeux sur les voix énonciatives, etc.), les chanteuses créent une complicité avec les femmes de l’auditoire, qui entendent – à travers les voix de captives – une parole qu’elles ne pourraient prononcer. Car les seules chanteuses autorisées à chanter ces chants se situent doublement au bas de l’échelle sociale : en tant que femmes et en tant que descendantes de captives qui – dit-on et contrairement aux êtres d’origine libre – « ne connaissent pas la pudeur ».
Le réalisme spéculatif à l'épreuve de la donation
Authors: Vinolo Stéphane
Published: June 2014

Bien qu’il ne soit cité explicitement qu’une seule fois dans Après la finitude, Jean-Luc Marion apparaît comme l’une des cibles privilégiées de la démonstration de Meillassoux. Il l’est non seulement à titre de phénoménologue ayant réduit le dehors à un dehors claustral sans véritable ailleurs ; il l’est en plus en tant que paradigme des penseurs qui ont fermé tout accès rationnel à Dieu. Pourtant, en pensant une donation non-réciproque, Marion pourrait bien s’arracher à la corrélation et poser un Grand dehors, absolutoire plus qu’absolu. En utilisant Descartes comme pont entre Quentin Meillassoux et Jean-Luc Marion, nous nous proposons de montrer que le réalisme spéculatif est moins éloigné qu’il ne le pense de la phénoménologie de la donation.
Anomaly Detection in Medical Wireless Sensor Networks using SVM and Linear Regression Models
Authors: Salem Osman , Guerassimov Alexey , Mehaoua Ahmed , Marcus Anthony , Furht Borko
Published: June 2014

This paper details the architecture and describes the preliminary experimentation with the proposed framework for anomaly detection in medical wireless body area networks for ubiquitous patient and healthcare monitoring. The architecture integrates novel data mining and machine learning algorithms with modern sensor fusion techniques. Knowing wireless sensor networks are prone to failures resulting from their limitations (i.e. limited energy resources and computational power), using this framework, the authors can distinguish between irregular variations in the physiological parameters of the monitored patient and faulty sensor data, to ensure reliable operations and real time global monitoring from smart devices. Sensor nodes are used to measure characteristics of the patient and the sensed data is stored on the local processing unit. Authorized users may access this patient data remotely as long as they maintain connectivity with their application enabled smart device. Anomalous or faulty measurement data resulting from damaged sensor nodes or caused by malicious external parties may lead to misdiagnosis or even death for patients. The authors' application uses a Support Vector Machine to classify abnormal instances in the incoming sensor data. If found, the authors apply a periodically rebuilt, regressive prediction model to the abnormal instance and determine if the patient is entering a critical state or if a sensor is reporting faulty readings. Using real patient data in our experiments, the results validate the robustness of our proposed framework. The authors further discuss the experimental analysis with the proposed approach which shows that it is quickly able to identify sensor anomalies and compared with several other algorithms, it maintains a higher true positive and lower false negative rate.
Lungsounds@UA Interface and Multimedia Database
Authors: Pinho Cátia , Oliveira Ana , Oliveira Daniela , Dinis João , Marques Alda
Published: June 2014

The development of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) has been an emergent demand in the area of healthcare technologies. Specifically for respiratory healthcare there is a lack of tools to produce a complete multimedia database, where respiratory sounds and other clinical data are available in a single repository. This is essential for a complete patients' assessment and management in research/clinical settings. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a usable interface to collect and organise respiratory-related data in a single multimedia database. A GUI, named LungSounds@UA, composed by a multilayer of windows, was developed. The usability of the user-centred interface was assessed in a pilot study and in an evaluation session. The users testified the utility of the application and its great potential for research/clinical settings. However, some drawbacks were identified, such as a certain difficulty to intuitively navigate in the great amount of the available information, which will inform future developments.
A Comparative Analysis of Various Methods of Gas, Crude Oil and Oil Derivatives Transportation
Authors: Tudorica Daniela
Published: June 2014

This paper contains a comparative analysis of the various methods used for gas, crude oil and oil gaseous and liquid derivatives. The analysis is made in terms of quality, efficiency and safety criteria. Historical and statistical data is provided in order to support the conclusions of the paper: transportation via pipeline is the most efficient and safe method for the transportation of such products.
Artificial Insemination (AI) in Swine and New Product Development (NPD)
Authors: Oniku Ayodele C , Bakare Ibrahim A.O. , Shabi O.R.
Published: June 2014

The main contribution of this study to knowledge is that it has enriched our understanding on various thoughts that have shaped artificial insemination technology adaptability and practice. The debates in this area have strengthened its application to new product development in a developing economy like Nigeria. Such application has consequences for developing optimal strategies by the stakeholders for enhancing sustainable product development. Equally, it helps to understand the general views and positions of the stakeholders in agriculture marketing on what would be the market potentials of a new technology in a developing market like Nigeria. By and large the study examines the views of stakeholders in order to determine the success and acceptability of AI technology among farmers and other stakeholders in Nigerian market.
Study on the Effect of Wear Resistant Materials Applications in Reducing Wear Damage of Gas Turbine Combustor Components
Authors: Pauzi Ahmad Afiq , Husin Shuib
Published: June 2014

Wear is the main problem in gas turbine combustor components. The mating surfaces experience surface degradation affected by wear damage. The main mechanisms of wear occurred on combustor components could be adhesive wear, abrasive wear, and fretting wear. Wear resistant materials such as Haynes 25 (L605) and Stelitte 6 were selected to be used in reducing wear damage especially on bull horn, transition piece and flow sleeve of combustor components. The reduction of wear on combustor components can be described as the extension of combustion inspection interval of a gas turbine. It is concluded that wear on combustor components can be reduced by the applications of wear resistant materials on the components.
Thickness Increasing Characteristics of Steel Pipe during Die Forming
Authors: Dohi Masahiro , Kamiyama Hirotaka , Nishida Shinichi , Watari Hisaki
Published: June 2014

Relationships among the forming conditions (such as shapes of dies, lubrication conditions, and slide motion of the press machine) and the thickening ratio (thickness after forming / thickness before forming) has been clarified in uniaxial press forming by experiments and a three dimensional finite element simulation. Steel pipes with 39.0mm and 7.6mm thickness were used in the experiment. The relationship between thickening ratio and the forming load that depends on the die shape, lubrication, and slide motion of the press machine was investigated. It has also been found that an eight percent increase of the wall thickness of the pipes could be possible without buckling. It has been clarified that thickening ratio during die forming could be predictable by using a finite element simulation.
Parametric Study of Drag Force on a Formula Student Electric Race Car Using CFD
Authors: Patidar Lalit , Bhamidipati Sri Ramya
Published: June 2014

Aerodynamic drag plays an important role in fuel economy of the vehicle especially for electric cars directly affecting the range. The objective of Aerodynamics subsystem of IIT Bombay racing team is to predict and minimize drag force on the Formula student electric race car thereby improving the performance. A standard generic car body known as Ahmed body is taken to set up simulation parameters in FLUENT by validating a test case against the experimental data available in literature. Variation and dependence of drag force on parameters such as frontal area, distribution of pressure coefficient and pressure loss in wake region is studied numerically. Comparison is made between Formula Student 2013 car Evo2 and newly designed car Evo3 for coming season of Formula Student 2014. A substantial reduction in drag force of 18.8% is achieved which can be attributed to lower frontal area and streamlined bodyworks design. Energy consumption of the vehicle for endurance race is reduced by 11.5 % improving the fuel economy.
Experimental Evaluations of High/Ultra-High Speed Grinding of Tungsten Carbide
Authors: Shang Zhen Tao , Jia Ying
Published: June 2014

According to broken edges and cracks emerging in traditionally machining cemented carbides (CP1) materials, this paper carried out some experimental researches on high and ultra-high grinding process for these materials, and considered the effect of process parameters on grinding forces, surface roughness, surface quality; discusses the calculation of the single grinding average normals force and relationship with maximum undeformed chip thickness and theoretical critical normal loads; probes the removal mechanisms of cemented carbide in high/ultra-high grinding process.
Energy Balance in Al-Co Open-Celled Foam of Transpiration Cooling
Authors: Krittacom Bundit , Amatachaya Pipatana , Sangchot Ratipat
Published: June 2014

Numerical model of one-dimensional steady-state on Alumina-Cordierite (Al-Co) open-celled foam using in transpiration cooling system have been conducted to investigate the local energy balance (LEB) of gas and solid phase within porous plate. Physical properties, i.e., porosity (f), pores per inch (PPI) and thickness (x), of Al-Co open-cellular porous material were 0.87, 13 and 0.103 m, respectively. Two equations of the conservative energy consisting of the gas and solid phase were analyzed. From study, it was found that heat convection (HVF) balanced with heat transfer between two phases/ energy of interaction (INT) for the gas phase case. In the solid phase, heat transfer between two phases (INT) tended to offset heat radiation (HRS). Remarkably, heat conduction of both phases (HDF and HDS) was not effected to the present cooling system. Thus, characteristic of fluid flow effecting by HVF and heat transfer governed from HRS was strongly efficient to transpiration cooling system.
A Method of Earth Gravity Environment to Imitate LRV Steering on the Lunar Surface
Authors: Liu Zhen , Liang Zhong Chao , Gao Hai Bo , Ding Liang , Deng Zong Quan
Published: June 2014

The lunar roving vehicle (LRV) is an important and indispensable detection tool that not only can travel far from the lunar module and transport, but also need ensure the astronauts safety when driving. Thus, the driving training for the astronauts on the earth is of great significance. However, the same vehicle has the different dynamic properties under the different gravities, and it is not able to train them with same vehicle on the earth. Therefore, a method of earth environment to imitate LRV steering on the lunar surface is required. In this study, to find out the relationship of the vehicles under different gravities, a handling dynamic model of the vehicles under different gravities is built, some parameter relation coefficients of vehicles under different gravities are carried out, and all parameters of the imitating vehicle for training and imitating on the earth are solved. Finally, the simulation results in Vortex show that, the imitating vehicle, which is changed parameters from LRV, can imitate a LRV steering under the lunar gravity on the earth.
Using CFD Technique to Investigate the Effect of Tire Roiling-Noise with Different Pattern Design
Authors: Chen Chao Jung , Kuan Yean Der , Chen Chin Fu , Sung Min Feng
Published: June 2014

In general, when evaluating the effect of a sedan vehicle’s tire tread pattern design on the noise generated, the noise is measured by first carving the tires and then using expensive laboratory equipment to perform the measurements. The advantages of using this method are that the experimental results and the noise level produced from the tires (that go into mass production) feature minimal differences and that reliable tested data are produced. The disadvantages of this method are that molds must be created to produce slicks, and that substantial time is invested in the process of artificial carving and performing subsequent experiments, all of which increase the tire development time and cost. Therefore, the effect of a sedan vehicle’s tire tread pattern design on rolling noise was predicted in this study by employing the numerical calculation methods used in calculating fluid mechanics. The experimental results obtained by the Automotive Research & Testing Center (ARTC) were used to test the improved tread pattern designs to validate the reliability of the method proposed in this study and that the tire development time can be effectively shortened
Potential of Integrated Membrane Bioreactor in Batik Dye Degradation - A Review
Authors: Ramlee Nur Azrini , Muhd Rodhi M.N. , Anak Brandah A.D. , Anuar A. , Alias N.H. , Tengku Mohd T.A.
Published: June 2014

The objectives of this study are mainly focusing on reviewing the potential of membrane bioreactor application in Batik dyes degradation and to identify the factors contributing to the permeability and selectivity of a membrane-coupled bacteria reactor. It is evidently that integrating membrane technology with biological reactors for the treatment of textile dyeing wastewaters has led to the development of three generic membrane processes within bioreactors: for separation and recycle of solids, for bubble-less aeration of the bioreactor, and for extraction of priority organic pollutants from hostile textile dyeing wastewaters. Thus, installation costs and usable floor area of the infrastructure are saved, due to the separation unit of MBR replaced the sedimentation basin that is used in current practice. It is well recognized that east coast states in Malaysia such as Kelantan and Terengganu are the main producers of “Batik” industries in which create a huge contribution to Malaysia textile economy development due to high demands from local and abroad. Batik textile wastewater is a complex and consist highly variable mixture of many polluting substances including dye. Existence of dyes in the wastewater plays a major issue and has raised significant concerns. Thus, selection of microorganism and the separation processes of the membrane bioreactor are vital to be evaluated towards an achievable productivity and efficient process separation. These are depended on several factors which include degradation of dye, temperature, retention time, pH and concentration of the textile wastewater.
Study and Analysis of Power System Stabiliser Performance Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Magzoub Muawia A. , Saad Nordin B. , Ibrahim Rosdiazli B.
Published: June 2014

This paper represents a study and analysis of designing a PSS (Power system stabilizer) to be used with SMIB (a Single Machine and Infinite Bus) system that was developed using ANN (Artificial Neural Network). Furthermore, the dynamic performance of ANN based stabilizer is established and compared with conventional types of PSS. The proposed scheme’s effectiveness was tested through simulation in order to analyse the stability features of the small signal of the system regarding the operating situation of the steady state when a transmission line is lost. The focus of the primary method was on how the control performed. This was later confirmed to possess the level of a reaching time that was shorter and a spike that was lower.
Application of the Improved Grey Model in Power Load Forecasting
Authors: Wang Yun Liang , Li Qiao Yu
Published: June 2014

This paper presents an improved grey model used in power load forecasting. In order to overcome the limitation of the traditional grey model GM(1,1), vector θ is introduced to modify the calculating formula for background sequence value in grey model and build a more adaptable model. Using artificial fish school algorithm can solve the value of vector θ . It reflects that the improved model has higher accuracy of load forecasting and has wider application by cases analysis.
Design of a Redundantly Actuated Asymmetric Linear DELTA Parallel Mechanism for Singularity-Free Mode Changes
Authors: Harada Takashi
Published: June 2014

A novel parallel mechanism which enlarges the workspace by singularity-free mode change is proposed. The proposed mechanism is inherited the design of Linear DELTA which has three degree-of-freedom translational moving plate driven by three linear actuators, in addition, extended it by redundantly actuation by four linear actuators and asymmetric design. New criterions about redundancy and singularity of redundantly actuated parallel mechanism using summation and product of determinants of minor matrices of the transposed Jacobian matrix are proposed. Redundantly actuation and asymmetric design enables singularity-free mode changes with loss redundancy but maintain non-singularity, that are evaluated by the proposed criterions. Numerical simulations demonstrate the singularity-free mode changes of the proposed mechanism.
Fabrication and Characterization of IPMC Actuator for Underwater Micro Robot Propulsor
Authors: Shaari M.F. , Saw S.K. , Samad Z.
Published: June 2014

The usage of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) actuator as the propulsor for underwater robot has been worked out by many scientists and researchers. IPMC actuator had been selected due to its advantages such as low energy consumption, low operation noise and ability to work underwater. This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of the IPMC actuator. The IPMC actuator samples had been fabricated using electroless plating for three different thickness and lengths. The characterization was conducted to determine the influence of the thickness, length, input frequency, drive voltage and orientation angle on the tip force and output frequency. The results show that IPMC thickness has significant influence on the tip force generation and lower input frequency would results wider displacement. The recorded results are essential as future reference in developing the propulsor for the underwater robot.
Development of the Self-Propelled-Gun’s Fire Extinguisher Bottle Test Equipment Based on Pump-Valve Combined Control Scheme
Authors: Liao Xue Bing , Cui Qing Bin , Lei Jie , Shan Hui Qun
Published: June 2014

In this paper, according to the requirements of the self-propelled-gun’s fire extinguisher bottle test technology, using variable speed metering pump technology, a variable cain pressure predictive controller is developed. The experiment is done, and experiment results show that the method can improve response speed of pump-valve combined control, and leak detection and pressure test of various types of fire extinguisher bottle is solved effectively. The trial operation proves: this test equipment is high common, high stability and high integration.
Air Transport Flight Program Performance of Navigation Based on the Continuous Automatic Control and Monitoring
Authors: Huang Jin
Published: June 2014

With increasing air traffic flow, air traffic control system of Chinese to ensure aviation safety is facing new challenges. Without air space enlargement, air traffic is more and more crowded, to prevent aircraft collided with the aircraft, to prevent the aircraft and ground obstructions, ensuring air traffic is an important issue China civil aviation, and it is also the main task of ATC system. In this paper, based on the research and design of the airport PBN flight procedures, according to the operation of the program, the problem of poor runway CDA, approach procedure was optimized using the fusion point program approach, the ATSAB direction, improve the operation effect of CDA.
Feedstock Characterization of Elemental Nickel and Titanium Powders Mixture for Metal Injection Moulding Process
Authors: Razali Rosliza , Abdullah Zulaila , Subuki Istikamah , Ismail Muhammad Hussain , Muhamad Norhamidi
Published: June 2014

The success of metal injection moulding (MIM) process is significantly influenced by the homogeneity level of the powder-binder mixture (feedstock). This paper highlights some initial characterization of the feedstock containing elemental Ni and Ti powders mixture, (50.8 at.% Ni/ 49.2 at.% Ti) mixed with Palm stearin-based binder system. The feedstock was prepared using an internal mixer, HAAKE Rheomix at a temperature of 160°C for 2 hours. The feedstock was then characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Capillary Rheometer. All the results obtained were analyzed and discussed for further injection moulding process.
Effect of Secondary Cooling Configuration on Microstructure of Cast in Semi-Continuous Casting of Copper and Brass
Authors: Hameed A.H. , Abed A.T.
Published: June 2014

Insufficient and non-homogeneous secondary cooling in the semi-continuous casting has undesirable impact on mechanical properties of the product. The shortage of cooling leads to defects and surface cracks within the product.The discharge nozzles of cooling water have been changed to an annular slot. The annular slot ensures that water sprays entirely the surface of the strand. The new configuration verifies better competence and less maintenance requirements. The new casts show non-black surface, free-cracks surface, full straightness, and perfect microstructure.The speed of casting is increased by one-half times, that leads to superior productivity. In addition, higher casting speed leads to less metal losses. The maintenance efforts and time are reduced and the frequent nozzle shutting is avoided. The microstructure of copper is completely identical to the standard one. In addition, the microstructure of the leaded brass shows non-clustered Lead, this will avoid the hot tearing in the next processes.
Effective ACPS-Based Rescheduling of Parallel Batch Processing Machines with MapReduce
Authors: Zhang Bin , Le Jia Jin , Wang Mei
Published: June 2014

MapReduce is a highly efficient distributed and parallel computing framework, allowing users to readily manage large clusters in parallel computing. For Big data search problem in the distributed computing environment based on MapReduce architecture, in this paper we propose an Ant colony parallel search algorithm (ACPSMR) for Big data. It take advantage of the group intelligence of ant colony algorithm for global parallel search heuristic scheduling capabilities to solve problem of multi-task parallel batch scheduling with low efficiency in the MapReduce. And we extended HDFS design in MapReduce architecture, which make it to achieve effective integration with MapReduce. Then the algorithm can make the best of the scalability, high parallelism of MapReduce. The simulation experiment result shows that, the new algorithm can take advantages of cloud computing to get good efficiency when mining Big data.
Analysis on Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function of Rough Earth Surface in Remote Sensing Imaging
Authors: Li Qi , Pan Ke Cheng , Xing Kun , Ruan Ning Juan , Feng Hua Jun
Published: June 2014

In remote sensing imaging, bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is powerful tool to describe light reflectance characteristic. Based on BRDF distribution of ground object, reflectance distribution in all directions will be calculated, and radiation difference of remote sensing imaging can be calibrated. This paper analyzes the several empirical / semi-empirical BRDF model suitable for the rough earth surface. The cement ground was selected as typical experiment topography, and the ground reflectance in all directions at different solar zenith angle was obtained. We compare measurement data to calculation results of three theoretical models, including five parameter model, Staylor & Suttles model and Walthall model, and analyze and evaluate effectiveness of various models.
A Study on the Hardware Configuration Impact on Client-Server
Authors: Liu Tian , Zhang Shao Xuan
Published: June 2014

Stochastic configurations and checksums have garnered limited interest from both systems engineers and systems engineers in the last several years. In fact, few futurists would disagree with the understanding of consistent hashing, which embodies the compelling principles of cryptanalysis. In order to surmount this issue, we explore a symbiotic tool for emulating agents (BeefyBaraca), which we use to disprove that architecture and Boolean logic [1] can connect to accomplish this purpose. Our aim here is to set the record straight.
An Immune Based Ontology Implementation of Hazard and Operability Analysis in Production Systems
Authors: Bayar Nawel , Darmoul Saber , Hajri-Gabouj Sonia , Pierreval Henri
Published: June 2014

In production systems, HAZOP is an example of such approaches that were suggested to identify, analyze, assess and control industrial risks. Unfortunately, HAZOP is not supported by methodological guidelines to implement it. Also, HAZOP does not rely on core concepts that allow the design of computerized toolkits that could be integrated within enterprise information systems to store and reuse knowledge stemming from the implementation of HAZOP projects. In this paper, we suggest an artificial immune based methodology to assist experts in implementing HAZOP projects. Through a case study, we show how immune concepts can provide both methodological guidance and computerized support in order to backbone expert efforts, and to capture risk related knowledge generated through each step of a HAZOP study.
The Effectiveness of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) as an Improvement Tool for the Manufacturing Operation
Authors: Che Ani Mohd Norzaimi , Razali Mohd Adib , Rhaffor Kauthar A.
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the application of the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) as improvements tools at selected case study industry. A VSM process is the transformation of raw materials into finished goods and considered interaction of information, operators, machines and materials. The objectives of this project are to study critical wastes in production line and to recommended new design layout based on Lean Manufacturing techniques. Lean is about performance more with minimized the time, inventory, space, labor, and money. The tool of VSM used in this project successfully achieved its objectives to identify waste and proposing the solution for regarding problems. The lead time was reduced by half, the value added ratio was increased drastically and the cycle time was improved by minimize the handling time. VSM was a magical tool that cans reveals of all the data, problem, process, operation and overall flow of processes to make a certain product.
Problems in the International Standard Model Method and Empirical Study
Authors: Suo Rui Xia , Wang Fu Lin
Published: June 2014

Based on existing literature, this paper makes further studies on international standards model method and pointes out the shortcomings of this method. Firstly, the standards of this method is so obsolete that there may be have agriculture surplus labor, and this method itself may bring about some errors in the conversion process. Secondly, this method does not consider the planting area, planting structure, regional differences and other important factors. Thirdly, this method lacks of theoretical basis, the results are sometimes incompatible with the actual production. In the end of this paper, the problems existing in this method is proved by examples calculation.
Determination of Shear Wave Velocity in the Soil by Dynamic Tests
Authors: Sokol Milan , Konecna Lenka
Published: June 2014

This paper deals with determination of shear wave velocity in the soil directly in-situ by dynamic tests. Self-developed dynamic excitation impulse device was used in order to excite the soil during the tests. Consequently, accelerations of the soil vibration were measured by portable five-channel measurement equipment. Recorded data were evaluated by self-developed Square of Accelerations Integration Method, which was implemented to own created program VSANALYSIS. The same data were evaluated also by well known Method of Cross-Correlation Functions.
Determination of the Failure on the Concrete Runway
Authors: Padevět Pavel , Bittnar Petr , Bittnar Zdeněk
Published: June 2014

The paper is focused on the investigation the failures, which were observe on the airport Modlin's and concrete runways. The concrete structure was put to micromechanical investigation of the properties. The focus of investigation was pointed on the influence of the aggressive matter to the rate of concrete carbonization and optimal concrete composition.
Dynamic Response of Buildings and Structures due to Microtremor Part 1: Industrial Machines Effects
Authors: Benčat Ján , Papán Daniel , Stehlíková Mária
Published: June 2014

In this paper a dynamic characterization and vibration analysis has been used for the detection and identification of the machine processing condition and the effect of the production machinery vibration on building complex structures and production process. For sensitive process machines and structures dynamic response due to production machinery calculation procedures was applied using experimental input data via spectral analysis. The dynamic analysis of the cutting production machinery with extreme vibration level is described, too.