bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comorbidity indices in orthopaedic surgery: a narrative review focused on hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sinclair SaTia T. , Emara Ahmed K. , Orr Melissa N. , McConaghy Kara M. , Klika Alison K. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: August 2021

Comorbidity indices currently used to estimate negative postoperative outcomes in orthopaedic surgery were originally developed among non-orthopaedic patient populations. While current indices were initially intended to predict short-term mortality, they have since been used for other purposes as well. As the rate of hip and knee arthroplasty steadily rises, understanding the magnitude of the effect of comorbid disease on postoperative outcomes has become increasingly more important. Currently, the ASA classification is the most commonly used comorbidity measure and is systematically recorded by the majority of national arthroplasty registries. Consideration should be given to developing an updated, standardized approach for comorbidity assessment and reporting in orthopaedic surgery, especially within the setting of elective hip and knee arthroplasty.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:629-640. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200124
Medial collateral ligament release during knee arthroscopy: key concepts
Authors: da Silva Campos Vicente Carlos , Guerra Pinto Francisco , Constantino Diogo , Andrade Renato , Espregueira-Mendes João
Published: August 2021

Complete access to the posterior medial compartment of the knee may represent a technical challenge during arthroscopy in patients with a tight tibiofemoral joint space. Medial collateral release reduces direct iatrogenic cartilage damage in the medial compartment of the knee through manipulation with instruments. We recommend performing medial collateral release in surgeries that access the posteromedial compartment (e.g. partial meniscectomy for ruptures of the posterior horn of medial meniscus or posterior root repairs) when the patient has a tight tibiofemoral joint space. There are two main techniques to perform medial collateral release: inside-out and outside-in. Regardless of the technique used, releasing medial ligament structures is a safe and effective method to be used in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries to the medial compartment.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:669-675. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200128
Simple formula used to predict superluminal reflection on a multidielectric mirror
Authors: Dettwiller L.
Published: August 2021

For a multidielectric mirror, which is a stacking ofNidentical patterns, each consisting of several layers, we consider the limitρ∞of its reflection coefficientρNwhenNtends to infinity. When the weak absorption by the pattern is considered, we prove that the sequence of functionsρNof the pulsationωuniformly converges almost everywhere on the electromagnetic spectrum and that the expression ofρ∞is quite intuitive. This result is useful in conceiving original experiments: indeed, owing to an important difference between the phase-shift at the reflection upon a quarter-wave stack for two different configurations of the stack, we deduce the existence of spectral domains where superluminal reflection occurs in a configuration for which such a reflection, to the best of the author’s knowledge, has not been experimentally investigated until now.
Thermal tuning of a fiber-integrated Fabry-Pérot cavity
Authors: Singer Clemens , Goetz Alexander , Prasad Adarsh S. , Becker Martin , Rothhardt Manfred , Skoff Sarah M.
Published: August 2021

Here, we present the thermal tuning capability of an alignment-free, fiber-integrated Fabry-Pérot cavity. The two mirrors are made of fiber Bragg gratings that can be individually temperature stabilized and tuned. We show the temperature tuning of the resonance wavelength of the cavity without any degradation of the finesse and the tuning of the individual stop bands of the fiber Bragg gratings. This not only permits for the cavity’s finesse to be optimized post-fabrication but also makes this cavity applicable as a narrowband filter with a FWHM spectral width of 0.07 ± 0.02 pm and a suppression of more than -15 dB that can be wavelength tuned. Further, in the field of quantum optics, where strong light-matter interactions are desirable, quantum emitters can be coupled to such a cavity and the cavity effect can be reversibly omitted and re-established. This is particularly useful when working with solid-state quantum emitters where such a reference measurement is often not possible once an emitter has been permanently deposited inside a cavity.
Nanophotonic inverse design with deep neural networks based on knowledge transfer using imbalanced datasets
Authors: Qiu Cankun , Wu Xia , Luo Zhi , Yang Huidong , He Guannan , Huang Bo
Published: August 2021

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been used as a new method for nanophotonic inverse design. However, DNNs need a huge dataset to train if we need to select materials from the material library for the inverse design. This puts the DNN method into a dilemma of poor performance with a small training dataset or loss of the advantage of short design time, for collecting a large amount of data is time consuming. In this work, we propose a multi-scenario training method for the DNN model using imbalanced datasets. The imbalanced datasets used by our method is nearly four times smaller compared with other training methods. We believe that as the material library increases, the advantages of the imbalanced datasets will become more obvious. Using the high-precision predictive DNN model obtained by this new method, different multilayer nanoparticles and multilayer nanofilms have been designed with a hybrid optimization algorithm combining genetic algorithm and gradient descent optimization algorithm. The advantage of our method is that it can freely select discrete materials from the material library and simultaneously find the inverse design of discrete material type and continuous structural parameters of the nanophotonic devices.
Full-view imaging on dynamic closed surface by curved-to-flat conversion lens
Authors: Chen Si , Sun Fei , Liu Yichao , Yang Yibiao , Chen Zhihui
Published: August 2021

Conventional full-view imaging systems, which often need complicated image processing algorithms to reconstruct full-view images captured by motional/multiple cameras from different views, cannot have good real-time imaging capability. We design curved-to-flat conversion lens (CFCL) based on optic-null medium, which can directly project/image optical patterns from closed object surface onto image plane (e.g., the focal plane of microscopy), and shows good real-time full-view imaging performance. To realize the CFCL, the reduced optic-null medium is designed by subwavelength metal channels filled with homogeneous isotropic dielectrics. Numerical simulation results verify the function of the designed CFCL, which can image various dynamic optical patterns from the closed object surface to the finite-view image plane. The designed CFCL may have many applications in real-timely observing dynamic closed surfaces in full view, e.g., living tissue/cell and soft material’s surface.
Tooth morphology elucidates shark evolution across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction
Authors: Bazzi Mohamad , Campione Nicolás E. , Ahlberg Per E. , Blom Henning , Kear Benjamin P.
Published: August 2021

Sharks (Selachimorpha) are iconic marine predators that have survived multiple mass extinctions over geologic time. Their prolific fossil record is represented mainly by isolated shed teeth, which provide the basis for reconstructing deep time diversity changes affecting different selachimorph clades. By contrast, corresponding shifts in shark ecology, as measured through morphological disparity, have received comparatively limited analytical attention. Here, we use a geometric morphometric approach to comprehensively examine tooth morphologies in multiple shark lineages traversing the catastrophic end-Cretaceous mass extinction—this event terminated the Mesozoic Era 66 million years ago. Our results show that selachimorphs maintained virtually static levels of dental disparity in most of their constituent clades across the Cretaceous–Paleogene interval. Nevertheless, selective extinctions did impact apex predator species characterized by triangular blade-like teeth. This is particularly evident among lamniforms, which included the dominant Cretaceous anacoracids. Conversely, other groups, such as carcharhiniforms and orectolobiforms, experienced disparity modifications, while heterodontiforms, hexanchiforms, squaliforms, squatiniforms, and †synechodontiforms were not overtly affected. Finally, while some lamniform lineages disappeared, others underwent postextinction disparity increases, especially odontaspidids, which are typified by narrow-cusped teeth adapted for feeding on fishes. Notably, this increase coincides with the early Paleogene radiation of teleosts as a possible prey source, and the geographic relocation of disparity sampling “hotspots,” perhaps indicating a regionally disjunct extinction recovery. Ultimately, our study reveals a complex morphological response to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction and highlights an event that influenced the evolution of modern sharks.
Induced endothelial cells from peripheral arterial disease patients and neonatal fibroblasts have comparable angiogenic properties
Authors: Hywood Jack D. , Sadeghipour Sara , Clayton Zoe E. , Yuan Jun , Stubbs Colleen , Wong Jack W. T. , Cooke John P. , Patel Sanjay
Published: August 2021

Induced endothelial cells (iECs) generated from neonatal fibroblasts via transdifferentiation have been shown to have pro-angiogenic properties and are a potential therapy for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). It is unknown if iECs can be generated from fibroblasts collected from PAD patients and whether these cells are pro-angiogenic. In this study fibroblasts were collected from four PAD patients undergoing carotid endarterectomies. These cells, and neonatal fibroblasts, were transdifferentiated into iECs using modified mRNA. Endothelial phenotype and pro-angiogenic cytokine secretion were investigated. NOD-SCID mice underwent surgery to induce hindlimb ischaemia in a murine model of PAD. Mice received intramuscular injections with either control vehicle, or 1 × 106 neonatal-derived or 1 × 106 patient-derived iECs. Recovery in perfusion to the affected limb was measured using laser Doppler scanning. Perfusion recovery was enhanced in mice treated with neonatal-derived iECs and in two of the three patient-derived iEC lines investigated in vivo. Patient-derived iECs can be successfully generated from PAD patients and for specific patients display comparable pro-angiogenic properties to neonatal-derived iECs.
Acute kidney injury and acute kidney recovery following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Peillex Marilou , Marchandot Benjamin , Matsushita Kensuke , Prinz Eric , Hess Sebastien , Reydel Antje , Kibler Marion , Carmona Adrien , Trimaille Antonin , Heger Joe , Petit-Eisenmann Hélène , Trinh Annie , Jesel Laurence , Ohlmann Patrick , Morel Olivier
Published: August 2021

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with a dismal prognosis in Transcatheter Aortic Valve replacement (TAVR). Acute kidney recovery (AKR), a phenomenon reverse to AKI has recently been associated with better outcomes.

Methods

Between November 2012 to May 2018, we explored consecutive patients referred to our Heart Valve Center for TAVR. AKI was defined according to the VARC-2 definition. Mirroring the VARC-2 definition of AKI, AKR was defined as a decrease in serum creatinine (≥50%) or ≥25% improvement in GFR up to 72 hours after TAVR.

Results

AKI and AKR were respectively observed in 8.3 and 15.7% of the 574 patients included. AKI and AKR patients were associated to more advanced kidney disease at baseline. At a median follow-up of 608 days (range 355–893), AKI and AKR patients experienced an increased cardiovascular mortality compared to unchanged renal function patients (14.6% and 17.8% respectively, vs. 8.1%, CI 95%, p<0.022). Chronic kidney disease, (HR: 3.9; 95% CI 1.7–9.2; p < 0.001) was the strongest independent factor associated with AKI similarly to baseline creatinine level (HR: 1; 95% CI 1 to 1.1 p < 0.001) for AKR. 72-hours post procedural AKR (HR: 2.26; 95% CI 1.14 to 4.88; p = 0.021) was the strongest independent predictor of CV mortality.

Conclusions

Both AKR and AKI negatively impact long term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing TAVR.
Secondary metabolic profiles and anticancer actions from fruit extracts of immature pomegranates
Authors: Russo Venera , Continella Alberto , Drago Carmelo , Gentile Alessandra , La Malfa Stefano , Leotta Claudia Giovanna , Pulvirenti Luana , Ruberto Giuseppe , Pitari Giovanni Mario , Siracusa Laura
Published: August 2021

Immature fruits from Punica granatum L. thinning are a neglected side product of pomegranate production with cumbersome disposal costs for farmers. To explore value potential of immature fruits from pomegranate ‘Wonderful’ cultivars, the compositional landscapes and antitumorigenic activities of pomegranate extracts from two different stages of maturation were assessed. Cancer cell proliferation and cytotoxicity was quantified in human lung H1299 and colon HCT116 adenocarcinomas by crystal violet staining, MTS assay and caspase-3 activity. High performance liquid chromatography—diode array detector (HPLC/DAD) and high performance liquid chromatography—electrospray ionization—mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) analyses indicate that immature fruits are rich sources of gallotannins and ellagitannins, with the highest amounts contained in immature fruit peels. Biological investigations reveal a robust anticancer activity by those immature P. granatum fruit extracts, which reflected induction of tumor cytotoxicity and cell death mechanisms. Together, present observations suggest P. granatum byproducts from the thinning process may provide unexplored values for virtuous circular economy.
Radiographic analysis of the thickness of the cranial bones in captive compared to wild-living cheetahs and in cheetahs with hypovitaminosis A
Authors: Schmidt Martin J. , Steenkamp Gerhard , Caldwell Peter , Failing Klaus , Kirberger Robert M.
Published: August 2021

Captive cheetahs often demonstrate a high incidence of diseases in which vitamin A imbalances are implicated. These can occur even under controlled and optimised feeding regimens, which is why surveillance of vitamin A status is mandatory in the successful health management of cheetahs. Serum levels of the vitamin do not reflect the true vitamin A status and liver tissue analysis is rather impractical for routine application in large felids. A biomarker for evaluating overt and subclinical vitamin A deficiency in cheetahs is needed. This study evaluates whether increased calvarial bone thickness can be detected on routine skull radiographs of vitamin A deficient cheetahs compared to unaffected animals, and secondly, evaluates whether there is increased bone thickness in clinically sound captive cheetahs in general compared to wild-living controls. Bone thickness in the neuro- and splanchnocranium was measured in 138 skull radiographs. Significant thickening of the parietal bones was found in latero-lateral radiographs of immature cheetahs (< 12 months) with vitamin A deficiency. This finding may allow a presumptive diagnosis of hypovitaminosis A in immature cheetahs. A general difference in skull thickness between free-living and captive cheetahs was not found.
Radiographic interpretation using high-resolution Cbct to diagnose degenerative temporomandibular joint disease
Authors: Bianchi Jonas , Roberto Gonçalves João , Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas Antônio , Vieira Pastana Bianchi Júlia , Ashman Lawrence M. , Yatabe Marilia , Benavides Erika , Soki Fabiana Naomi , Cevidanes Lucia Helena Soares
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study was to use high-resolution cone-beam computed images (hr- CBCT) to diagnose degenerative joint disease in asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders DC/TMD imaging criteria. This observational study comprised of 92 subjects age-sex matched and divided into two groups: clinical degenerative joint disease (c-DJD, n = 46) and asymptomatic control group (n = 46). Clinical assessment of the DJD and high-resolution CBCT images (isotropic voxel size of 0.08mm) of the temporomandibular joints were performed for each participant. An American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology certified radiologist and a maxillofacial radiologist used the DC/TMD imaging criteria to evaluate the radiographic findings, followed by a consensus of the radiographic evaluation. The two radiologists presented a high agreement (Cohen’s Kappa ranging from 0.80 to 0.87) for all radiographic findings (osteophyte, erosion, cysts, flattening, and sclerosis). Five patients from the c- DJD group did not present radiographic findings, being then classified as arthralgia. In the asymptomatic control group, 82.6% of the patients presented radiographic findings determinant of DJD and were then classified as osteoarthrosis or overdiagnosis. In conclusion, our results showed a high number of radiographic findings in the asymptomatic control group, and for this reason, we suggest that there is a need for additional imaging criteria to classify DJD properly in hr-CBCT images.
The stability of quetiapine oral suspension compounded from commercially available tablets
Authors: Tran Jennie , Gervase Melissa A. , Evans Jason , Deville Rebecca , Dong Xiaowei
Published: August 2021

Quetiapine fumarate (QF) is an atypical antipsychotic used off-label for the treatment of delirium in critically-ill infants and children. For the treatment of pediatric populations or patient populations with trouble swallowing tablets, an oral suspension would be an ideal dosage formulation. However, there are no liquid formulations of QF commercially available. Therefore, a compounded oral suspension prepared from the commercial QF tablets is widely used in clinical settings. The extemporaneous preparation of QF compounded oral suspension changes the formulation from a solid form to a liquid form. Thus, the stability of QF compounded oral suspension should be critically evaluated to guide pharmacists for administration and storage of QF compounded oral suspensions. However, the stability of the nonaqueous oral QF suspension was not measured. The objective of this study was to develop QF compounded oral suspensions at 10 mg/mL by using commercial QF tablets in two readily available aqueous vehicles (Ora-Sweet and Ora-Blend) and measure their stability at both room temperature and under refrigeration. Physical stability of the QF compounded suspensions were evaluated by appearance and odor. Chemical stability of the QF compounded suspensions were evaluated based on pH, degradation, drug content and the amount of the drug dissolved in the vehicles. An HPLC method was validated and used to evaluate QF compounded suspensions over 60 days. In addition to the total drug in the suspensions, the dissolved drug in the vehicles was also measured during the stability testing and evaluated as a stability parameter. Overall, QF suspension prepared in Ora-Blend was preferable, demonstrating a superior 60-day stability at both room temperature and refrigerated storage.
Epidemic Urbanism: How Contagious Diseases have Shaped Global Cities
Authors: Gharipour Mohammad , DeClercq Caitlin
Published: August 2021

The recent pandemic has put into perspective the impact of epidemic illness on urban life and exposed the vulnerabilities of societies. Interdisciplinary case studies from across the globe explore what insights from the outbreak, experience, and response to previous epidemics might inform our understanding of the current world.
History of university radio broadcasting in Turkey and its struggle for legal existence
Authors: Tufan Fırat , Kökat Sedat , Bal Zeynep Ekin
Published: August 2021

University radio broadcasting, whose first examples in Turkey date back to the 1940s, made its main leap forward with the emergence of private radio broadcasting in the early 1990s and the increase in the number of communication and broadcasting schools at different levels. Largely unable to exist legally except for a few exceptions, university radio stations have had to deal with many problems from the first examples until today. In this study, we conducted in-depth interviews with the representatives and employees of university radio stations affiliated with 34 universities in Turkey. We found that the lack of a legal basis for university radio stations causes various problems in practice. The most important of these problems include the following: first, the practices of frequency allocation and usage fees by relevant authorities are not conducted in compliance with certain standards. Financial return models are rigid and limited; the production efficiency of a radio station is interrupted when university financial support or station management is irregular or insufficient, as well. As a result, employees experience a loss of motivation in the management and content production stages.
Hashtags for #fashion on Instagram: Examining hashtag utilization and customer engagement
Authors: Yoo Jinyoung Jinnie
Published: August 2021

With the popularity of Instagram, the hashtag (#) symbol has emerged as an important marketing tool. By using hashtags, brands can increase their visibility and reach among Instagrammers. The purpose of this research is to examine how fashion brands utilize hashtags and captions on Instagram and how Instagrammers respond to different hashtag and caption patterns. A computational analysis of a large collection of hashtags and captions posted with fashion images was conducted to identify patterns of utilizing hashtags and captions in terms of frequency, form and content. Specifically, 65,107 hashtags attached to 29,557 fashion images posted on Instagram by ten global fashion brands were analysed. This study also examined how customer engagement levels vary for each variable. Several important findings emerged from this study: (1) while most fashion images were posted with hashtags and captions, indiscriminate use of hashtags (i.e. hashtags that are too frequent or too long) were likely to lower the number of likes and comments; (2) using a hashtag in combination with a caption or only using a caption could be more effective than using a hashtag alone in increasing customer engagement levels; and (3) hashtags containing promotional messages, in general, were less effective in promoting likes and comments.
A novel to influence public policy? The role of New Zealand in climate migration and the occupation of Antarctica
Authors: Murray Jeff , Maufort Jessica
Published: August 2021

In recent years, the notion of ‘climate change fiction’ (‘cli-fi’) has passed into common parlance to denote a strand of fictionalized narratives foregrounding the dynamics and consequences of climate change on Earth. While the acceptance criteria for such a category are flexible at best, the role of policy-making and of New Zealand as a political actor and geographical setting to the global eco-catastrophe remain marginal features in such contemporary stories. Jeff Murray’s 2019 novel entitled Melt crucially bridges fiction and public policy, in a move to put the Pacific, New Zealand and Antarctica at the forefront of climate change debates. As the near future sees Antarctica melting, the novel particularly focuses on the sociopolitical and infrastructural challenge that millions of climate change refugees will represent to wealthy and relatively spared nations, such as New Zealand. Correlated issues in sustainable management, economic inequality, intercultural relations and geopolitics are further evoked. In its attempt to alert New Zealand policy-makers and the general public to these long-term questions, Melt importantly invites reflection on the potentiality of narrative to inspire action taking. This article takes the form of an interdisciplinary discussion between Murray, a first-time novelist with a professional background in strategy policy, and literary and cultural studies scholar Jessica Maufort.
In a Slant Light: A Poet’s Memoir, Cilla McQueen (2016)
Authors: Phillipson Allan
Published: August 2021

Review of: In a Slant Light: A Poet’s Memoir, Cilla McQueen (2016)

Dunedin: Otago University Press, 134 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 87757 871 7 (hbk), NZ$35

Fale Aitu / Spirit House, Tusiata Avia (2016)

Wellington: Victoria University Press, 84 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 77656 064 6 (pbk), NZ$25

Vanishing Points, Michele Leggott (2017)

Auckland: Auckland University Press, 132 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 86940 874 9 (pbk), NZ$27.99

Tightrope, Selina Tusitala Marsh (2017)

Auckland: Auckland University Press, 112 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 86940 872 5 (pbk), NZ$27.99

Night Horse, Elizabeth Smither (2017)

Auckland: Auckland University Press, 80 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 86940 870 1 (pbk), NZ$24.99
The Pacific Insular Case of American Samoa: Land Rights and Law in Unincorporated US Territories, Line-Noue Memea Kruse (2018)
Authors: Iati Iati
Published: August 2021

Review of: The Pacific Insular Case of American Samoa: Land Rights and Law in Unincorporated US Territories, Line-Noue Memea Kruse (2018)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 211 pp.,

ISBN 978 3 31969 970 7 (hbk), €124.79
Oceanian Journeys and Sojourns: Home Thoughts Abroad, Judith A. Bennett (ed.) (2015)
Authors: Mückler Hermann
Published: August 2021

Review of: Oceanian Journeys and Sojourns: Home Thoughts Abroad, Judith A. Bennett (ed.) (2015)

Dunedin: Otago University Press, 408 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 87757 888 5 (pbk), NZ$45
Opinions and experiences of Greek students participating in Erasmus mobility programmes and emerging opportunities for university pedagogy
Authors: Raikou Natassa , Karalis Thanassis
Published: August 2021

In this article, we examine the opinions of Greek students at the University of Patras who participated in Erasmus mobility programmes. Based on the results of previous relevant studies in the Greek context on benefits and difficulties expressed by the participating Greek students, in the current research in-depth interviews were designed to investigate the implications of this experience for university pedagogy. Interviews were addressed to students from various disciplines that participated in mobility programmes in different countries and higher education environments during the past two years. The analysis of the research findings confirms the conclusions of previous studies on the development of critical thinking and specific skills for the participants. Regarding University Pedagogy, significant points of interest arise, elements that give the opportunity for a new perspective to approach International Mobility Programmes and Higher Education, but also highlight the need for further research.
Utilisation des proprits de PCR en temps rel pour estimer la charge virale
Authors: MAMINIAINA Olivier Fridolin
Published: August 2021

La quantité de virus présent dans un tissu ou un fluide biologique, appelée charge virale, est devenue un paramètre biologique essentiel pour le diagnostic, le pronostic et le suivi thérapeutique des infections virales comme le COVID-19.
The Influence of Fiber Processing and Alkaline Treatment on the Properties of Natural Fiber-reinforced Composites: A Review
Authors: Setswalo Keagisitswe , Molaletsa Namoshe , Oladijo Oluseyi Philip , Akinlabi Esther Titilayo , Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa , Siengchin Suchart
Published: August 2021

Throughout generations, research on natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs) has been growing and yielding promising results. The notion of blending natural fibers with polymers comes from the composite’s suitable properties, not limited to low density, availability at a low price, biodegradability, and environmental friendliness. The quest for high-performing and marketable NFRCs is driving innovation in the synthesis of such materials. A suitable combination of parameters that optimizes the mechanical and functional properties of the composites without increasing the cost of production is desired. The main objective of this review is to evaluate some of the parameters that influence the behavior and properties of NFRCs. The influence of alkaline modification and natural fiber processing parameters, such as particle size, modification concentration, soaking duration, processing temperature, fiber-to-polymer ratio, and adoption of additives, on composites are discussed. This review summarizes some of the work and provides some directions in the search of an all-around performing economic NFRC.
Pemanfaatan Pocket Park Sebagai Infrastruktur Hijau di Permukiman Islami (Studi Kasus: Kampung Arab, Kota Malang)
Authors: Senjana Suci , Junara Nunik , Mutiara Elok
Published: August 2021

Urban areas have the character of increasingly dense buildings and less land that can be used for green infrastructure. So that the option to increase green open space is increasingly difficult. Along with the population growth in Kampung Arab and the low number of public facilities, the environment became very crowded and have less adequate public open spaces for the residents who lived here. Kampung Arab itself is a settlement dominated by Muslim residents who have been in this area for a long time. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of applying the pocket garden concept to Islamic residential kasawan which is currently in a congested condition. The first step is to collect data from observations, surveys and literature selection. Then, the method used to analyze is discourse analysis and selective criteria. These two processes show the results in the form of the benefits of the pocket garden concept in settlements, a map of the location at a point in Kampung Arab which can be used as a pocket garden and a map of the distance from the pocket garden to the surrounding house. These findings explain that the concept of green open space for narrow land can improve the quality of life for urban communities, especially those in Kampung Arab. Therefore, the application of the concept as a concept that is suitable for use in the future both in planning and designing in Kampung Arab, urban areas of the population. There are related professions that can work using this system such as spatial policy makers, planners, and architects.
Editorial
Authors: Skřejpková Petra
Published: August 2021

Editorial
Vznik florentských renesančních památek z pohledu práva
Authors: Pilarová Terezie
Published: August 2021

This paper deals with the legal side of the genesis of Florentine Renaissance artworks from the 14th to 16th centuries. The content falls into three blocks. Firstly, attention is focused on the legal nature of renaissance contracts which were essential for the origin of artworks, and the basic principles of these contracts. The second part describes the workings of the renaissance artistic competition, focusing on the congruency of some of its aspects with modern tendering processes. The pivotal third part examines the contracts themselves, their form and content. The analysis is determined by its legal focus, endeavouring, in the first place, to disprove the usual mistaken interpretation of these contracts as one-sided and provide a firmer structure to avoid the common haphazard manner of describing their content.
Vývoj trestání deliktu rouhání a urážky Boha v českých zemích
Authors: Malý Karel
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the issue of the crime of blasphemy and insult to God in a wide time horizon, from the beginnings of the spread of Christianity to the middle of the 20th century. In addition to historical developments, it also maps the factual nature of these offenses and their entrenchment in criminal codes. It reflects the relationship between church and state and their mutual intersections in the exercise of judicial power. The article further analyzes the development of criminal law protection of the church. The greatest attention is paid to medieval and modern (Theresian and Josephine) legislation.
„Frygická čapka“. Hodnoty, symboly a ikonografie v kubánské republikánské separatistické tradici
Authors: Guanche Julio César
Published: August 2021

This text studies the Cuban republican tradition, very little analysed by the academy of the country. It investigates how republican ideas were appropriated and recreated in the context of the War of Independence, and in what ways and with what symbols Cuban actors developed their own ideas about this political development. The text focuses on the analysis of iconography, a body of sources that is also poorly attended. It identifies ambiguities and tensions that influenced the independence process to suggest how republican notions “from below” were produced in Cuba around independence, slavery and the Republic. With this, the work contributes to restoring republicanism as a central tradition in Cuban political history, not as an echo of projects from other countries but as a result of popular political production.
Volný mandát člena parlamentu v ústavním vývoji Československa a České republiky
Authors: Kudrna Jan
Published: August 2021

This article deals with the issue of the matter of the mandate of members of parliament in the constitutional history of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. Namely the article is dedicated to the problem, whether and when in the years 1918–2020 the mandate of the members of parliament was free or imperative. The detailed description shows, that in Czechoslovakia strongly prevailed the imperative mandate, irrespective of character of the political regime. The pre-war Czechoslovak constitution adopted in 1920 expressly declared the mandate as a free one and members of parliament should use them regardless of any instructions or commands. Nonetheless very quickly, in 1923, through the decision of the Election Court, the first deputies were deprived of their functions as a sanction for leaving their party policy. Thus, even in the democratic regime the mandate was transformed into the imperative form. After the WWII, the political circumstances in Czechoslovakia changed and the regime turned into a totalitarian form under the hegemony of the communist party. In these circumstances the deputies should serve as servants of the voters, to follow their instructions and they could be recalled, if not fulfilling the will of the (working) people. Nonetheless the recall system based on the public meetings of the voters was not very practical and it could fulfil the estimations only when the communist party has the situation fully under its control. In some critical moments other tools for recall had to be adopted, as it happened in the year 1969, when the political situation after the Prague Spring suppression needed to be consolidated and the will of the voters was different of the will of the conservative communist leaders. The last recalls appeared after the Velvet Revolution when democracy was re-established in Czechoslovakia. Thus, the free parliamentary mandate existed hardly in 8 years from 75 years of existence of Czechoslovakia. The last 30 years of its existence in the constitution of the Czech Republic and political practice is still quite an uncommon period in the Czechoslovak constitutional tradition.
Derelikce nemovitosti a její právněhistorické kořeny
Authors: Novák Marek
Published: August 2021

It follows from the case law of the Supreme and Constitutional Court that everyone has the right to leave immovable property if they do not illegally avoid liability for non-fulfilment of their own obligations. The legal institute of dereliction has its origins in Roman law, which emphasized the free will of the owner deciding to abandon property. The dereliction of real estate according to the Civil Code in effect takes place by the legal action itself, by which the owner expresses the will to abandon the thing. Declaratory nature of property registration in the real estate cadastre might follow the recodification work in the 1920s and 1930s, as it differs from the General civil code (ABGB) regulation. Moreover, the Civil Code is influenced by socialist legislation when it transfers abandoned real estate to state ownership automatically. Although this was originally considered a measure in favour of the society, it is likely to cause difficulties. In recent years, laconic provisions of the Civil Code have provoked a discussion on the requisites of the application for the registration of state ownership in the real estate cadastre. The cadastral offices and some courts initially considered that the application must be accompanied by a consent statement from the original owner and the state, which, however, contradicts the characteristic of dereliction as a unilateral act. The Supreme Court strongly opposed this practice and interpreted the nature of dereliction in its decisions in detail.
Zabłocki, J. Scripta Gelliana
Authors: Stloukalová Kamila
Published: August 2021

Book review on Zabłocki, J. Scripta Gelliana.
Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, 2020, 280 s.
Za prof. Jozefom Klimkom
Authors: Lysý Miroslav , Brtko Róbert
Published: August 2021

Obituary
Understanding Experimentation and Implementation
Authors: Kim Jieun , O’Brien Kevin J.
Published: August 2021

Studies of local governance in China often point to nimble experimentation but problematic implementation. To reconcile these competing images, it is useful to clarify the concepts of experimentation and implementation and see how they unfolded in one policy area. The history of China’s Open Government Information (OGI) initiative shows that the experimentation stage sometimes proceeds well and produces new policy options, but may falter if local leaders are unwilling to carry out an experiment. And the implementation stage often poses challenges, but may improve if the Center initiates new, small-scale experiments and encourages local innovation. This suggests that the experimentation and implementation stages are not so different when officials in Beijing and the localities have diverging interests and the Center is more supportive of a measure than local officials. The ups and downs of OGI, and also village elections, can be traced to the policy goal of monitoring local cadres, the central–local divide, and the pattern of support and opposition within the state.
Shrinkage by the third month predicts long-term response of macroprolactinoma after cabergoline
Authors: Biagetti Betina , Sarria-Estrada Silvana , Ng-Wong Yiken Karelys , Martinez-Saez Elena , Casteràs Anna , Cordero Asanza Esteban , Hernandez Irene , Giralt-Arnaiz Marina , Simò Rafael
Published: August 2021

Objective

Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is mainly indicated in prolactinomas when dopamine agonist treatment fails. However, there is no established early predictor of cabergoline (CBG) response. The present study was aimed to identify predictors of CBG resistance in order to select patients who may benefit from early TSS.

Design

Retrospective longitudinal study.

Methods

We reviewed the medical record of patients diagnosed with prolactinoma after 2010. Inclusion criteria: macroprolactinomas under CBG treatment with serial prolactin levels and MRI before treatment and 3 and 12 months afterwards. The main outcome was tumour size shrinkage ≥ 50% (using the two largest diameters in sagittal view) after 12 months of CBG (TS_50). The capacity of the most important clinical and biochemical variables in predicting the main outcome was examined.

Results

A total of 185 prolactinomas where included: 124 (67.0%) were microadenomas and 61 (33.0%) were macroadenomas of which 27 patients meet de inclusion criteria; median age (42.5 years; (IQR: 28.0)). The median follow-up was (67.5 months; (IQR: 30.2)). Ten patients (37.0%) underwent surgery after more than 1 year of CBG. The volume reduction at the first MRI (3–4 months) was the unique valuable predictor: (OR: 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02–1.32)) of TS_50. A tumour volume shrinkage of ≥ 30% in the first 3–4 months of CBG therapy predicts TS_50 with an AUC (0.95 (CI: 0.76–0.99)).

Conclusion

Tumour shrinkage in the first 3–4 months after starting treatment with CBG is a good tool for predicting the long-term response and can help clinicians to take more appropriated and personalized decisions.
Influence of SCOBY microorganisms’ cultivation conditions on the synthesis efficiency and selected qualities of bacterial cellulose
Authors: Betlej Izabela , Boruszewski Piotr , Dubis Damian , Wilkowski Jacek , Krajewski Krzysztof J. , Zawadzki Janusz
Published: August 2021

This study examined how nutrients present in the growth environment of microorganisms forming a consortium of bacteria and yeasts, called a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), affect the efficiency of cellulose synthesis and selected properties of the cellulose, such as gloss and color. The results showed that nitrogen-rich ingredients, such as peptone and green tea, increased the efficiency of polymer synthesis and determined the cellulose’s gloss. This research showed that the qualitative characteristics of bacterial cellulose can be easily modified by the appropriate selection of the components of the culture media.
Catalytic ethanolysis of fructan-rich and starchy expired food into biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural
Authors: Zhang Luxin , Liu Yuting , Liu Chang , Yi Simin , Sun Wen , He Jianfeng
Published: August 2021

Catalytic systems were investigated for the ethanolysis of expired food into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (5-EMF). Fructan-rich expired food (expired probiotics beverage powder, onion powder, garlic powder, and burdock tea), and starchy expired food (expired steamed buns and egg yolk battercake) were tested as starting substrates. Optimization of the reaction conditions included varying the catalyst type, temperature, catalyst loading, and reaction time to maximize 5-EMF yield. Several co-solvents were added to evaluate their impact on the generation of 5-EMF. The selected expired foods produced 5-EMF yields ranging from 0.2 mol% to 68 mol%. The 5-EMF yield from fructan-rich expired food was more noticeably affected by the content of the non-carbohydrate part than that from starchy expired food. The effect of co-solvents on conversion efficiency was closely related to the catalyst type but was not strongly correlated with the feedstock used. This study provides a facile way to produce biofuel chemicals from carbohydrate-rich expired food.
Physical properties of handsheets derived from Coi (Streblus asper Lour.) pulp fiber as papermaking material traced from ancient times
Authors: Khantayanuwong Somwang , Boonpitaksakul Wisanee , Chitbanyong Korawit , Pisutpiched Sawitree , Puangsin Buapan
Published: August 2021

There have been recent attempts to revive the traditional production of handmade paper from the bark of the Coi (Streblus asper Lour.) tree in Thailand. A sheet sample of Coi handmade paper, made from the traditional production, was collected and examined microscopically for the first time. Film-like material and cubic calcium particles were found on the sheet sample surface, which is consistent with the results of the authors’ previous research. Meanwhile, handsheets derived from Coi pulp fiber, freshly made in the laboratory, demonstrated a low air permeance and brightness with high opacity due to the film-like material and cubic calcium particles. With a high felting power of Coi pulp fiber coupled with a possible strengthening role of the film-like material, both the beaten and unbeaten fibers were used to form handsheets with high strength. Some potential aspects of Coi pulp fiber suitable for creating a unique Thai banknote paper have been demonstrated, for which further studies are suggested.
Comparative study on design and functionality requirements for senior-friendly furniture for sitting
Authors: Fabisiak Beata , Jankowska Anna , Kłos Robert , Knudsen Joan , Merilampi Sari , Priedulena Elina
Published: August 2021

Furniture manufacturers’ response to the demographic challenge of aging nations is an important issue. The number of seniors is rising worldwide. The aging process often results in multiple health implications, including weaker mobility, decrease in muscle mass, and change in anthropometrical dimensions of the human body. Thus, the furniture offered should be adjusted to the needs of an increasing group of senior customers. To identify seniors’ preferences in relation to characteristics of sitting furniture, international surveys with 627 respondents aged 60+ years were conducted in Poland, Germany, Denmark, Finland, Latvia, and Lithuania. The implementation of this data in the design process may result in creation of the market offer meeting seniors’ needs. Design and functionality features were examined to provide guidance for senior-friendly development of furniture for sitting. Among the most important findings is the clear preference of having an armchair with the high backrest reaching above the head, a chair with armrests and an upholstered backrest and seat. Furthermore, respondents paid attention to the durability of furniture, stain resistance of upholstery, and adaptation of the furniture to the user’s dimensions, e.g., having influence on the height and depth of the seat before the purchase.
Treatment Intensity, not Age, Affects Survival Time of Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kunkel Jonas , Bohle Wolfram , Henseling Silja , Zoller Wolfram
Published: August 2021

Background and Aims: Despite older-aged individuals accounting for most patients with pancreatic cancer, elderly patients are still underrepresented in the clinical trials. Our study aims to identify treatment differences as well as to analyze survival times in the younger and older patient group.

Methods: We evaluated the data of 97 pancreatic cancer patients (72 <75 years; 25 ≥75 years) receiving palliative chemotherapy. Age, comorbidity, body mass index (BMI), tumor localization, metastases, carbohydrate-antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) value, number and type of chemotherapeutic agents and treatment regimens used, treatment lines, toxicity and survival time were assessed.

Results: The age groups did not differ in their initial conditions (comorbidity, BMI, tumor characteristics). However, treatment intensity of patients ≥ 75 years was lower. Elderly patients received significantly fewer different chemotherapeutic agents and therapeutic regimens, therapy lines and fewer combination chemotherapies. Moreover, elderly patients survived significantly shorter (7.6 vs. 12.7 months, p=0.001). In multivariance analysis, a significant negative influence on survival time was revealed for low therapy intensity (≤2 chemotherapeutics, ≤2 therapy lines), but not for age. In addition, therapy discontinuation and underweight were significantly associated with survival time.

Conclusion: Not age per se but lower therapy intensity leads to a shorter overall survival in the elderly patient group.