bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bias Detection and Mitigation in AI-Driven Target Marketing: Exploring Fairness in Automated Consumer Profiling
Authors: Soni Vishvesh
Published: June 2024

In this work, bias identification and mitigation in AI-driven target marketing are examined with an emphasis on guaranteeing fairness in automated consumer profiling. Significant biases in AI models were found by preliminary investigation, especially impacted by characteristics like purchasing history and geographic location, which closely correspond with protected characteristics like race and socioeconomic position. With a Disparate Impact (DI) of 0.60, a Statistical Parity Difference (SPD) of -0.25, and an Equal Opportunity Difference (EOD) of -0.30, the fairness measures computed for the original models revealed significant biases against certain population groups. We used three main mitigating strategies: pre-processing, in-processing, and post-processing, to counteract these biases. Re- sampling and balancing of training data as part of pre- processing raised the DI to 0.85, SPD to -0.10, and EOD to -0.15. The measures were much better with in- processing, which adds fairness restrictions straight into the learning algorithms, with a DI of 0.90, an SPD of -0.05, and an EOD of -0.10. The most successful were post- processing modifications, which changed model outputs to guarantee fairness; they produced a DI of 0.95, an SPD of -0.02, and an EOD of -0.05. These results support the research already in publication and demonstrate that bias in AI is a complicated and enduring problem that calls for a multidimensional strategy. The paper highlights how crucial ongoing audits, openness, and multidisciplinary cooperation are to reducing prejudice. Marketers, AI practitioners, and legislators will find the ramifications profound, which emphasizes the requirement of moral AI methods to preserve customer confidence and follow laws. This approach advances the larger discussion on AI ethics, promotes justice, and reduces prejudice in AI- driven marketing systems.
Effectiveness of Land and Building Tax Management in Oeteta Village, Sulamu District, Kupang District
Authors: TAFAE Desy Lorenci , ROZARI Petrus de , LINO Maria M.
Published: June 2024

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Land and building tax management in Oeteta Village, Sulamu District, Kupang Regency. To discuss the results of this research, Terry (2006:342) used management functions, namely planning, organizing, implementing and controlling, then explained using Jogiyanto's (2017) system theory, namely input, process and performance results. The research method uses a qualitative description approach, combining data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews and literature study. Data analysis is inductive/qualitative, with an interactive model created by Miles, Huberman, and Sugiyono (2012: 246). The results of the research emphasize the meaning of generalization, which shows that (1) Input through cooperation and coordination between BAPENDA, the Sulamu Regency government and Oeteta Village, provision of counter facilities at the Village Office and human resources by determining tax collectors from the District and 3 RT people in Oeteta village. (2) the process of organizing and mobilizing is in the payment and collection of taxes, where fraud, irregularities and violations occur regarding the use of tax money by PBB collectors for personal needs. (3) output: There is no strict supervision by BAPENDA of billing officers, and there needs to be reporting from Oeteta Village and Sulamu District to BAPENDA Kupang Regency so that they can be accounted for. Based on the description above, BAPENDA's supervision can be further improved. The attitude of PBB collection officers and the absence of strict tax sanctions result in the misuse of tax money, so the public/taxpayers do not want to pay PBB.
Implementation of Good Governance in Improving the Quality of Public Services at the Fatuaruin Village Office, Sasitamean District, Malaka District
Authors: LINO Maria M. , LAU Yoanita Vianney , TODA Hendrik
Published: June 2024

This research aims to determine the application of good governance in improving the quality of public services at the Fatuaruin Village Office, Sasitamean District, Malaka Regency. This research uses descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach. The number of informants was seven people using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. Data reduction, comparative analysis, and conclusion are the data analysis techniques used. This research indicates that implementing good governance to improve public services at the Fatuaruin village office, Sasitamean subdistrict, Malaka district can be improved from aspect (1). Several services still need to be maximized in delivering information (2). Responsiveness. The community assesses that village officials have yet to respond optimally to services. (3). Regarding fairness, the community believes that village officials must be fairer in providing services because people often receive unequal services, and illegal levies occur to get maximum service from the authorities. (4) Effectiveness and efficiency: The community believes that village officials must be more effective and efficient in providing services because the community is often slow to receive services and must comply with predetermined standards, thus making the community feel disadvantaged regarding time and costs. The obstacles faced by the Fatuaruin Village government, Sasitamean District, and Malaka Regency in implementing good governance are Limited resources, lack of awareness and understanding of village officials about good governance, lack of community involvement, Corruption and nepotism.
Community Perceptions in the Border Areas Regarding the Main Points of Agreement Concerning Final Completion of The Land Border Between Ri-Rdtl (Case Study in Haumeniana Village, District Bikomi Nilulat North Central Timor District)
Authors: TUTHAES Lydia Carolina , LAKE Primus , DAENG Ernawati , FALLO Adriana R. , RIHI David Wilfrid , PENI Andreas , ROHI Bertjilistriani Lodo
Published: June 2024

This research was motivated by the incomplete completion of the RI – RDTL state boundary in the Oekusi enclave area. Three segments are still problematic: the Noelbesi - Citrana segment, the Bijaelesunan - Oben segment, and the Haumeniana - Pasabe segment. On July 22, 2019, Wiranto (Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia) and Kay Rala The contents of the Agreement, among other things, stipulate that the Neolbesi – Citrana segment be divided into two, the Bijaelesunan – Oben segment to be completed by the 1904 Agreement between the Dutch and the Portuguese, and for the Haumeniana – Pasabe segment the boundary is determined by adjusting the line along the road according to the coordinate points of both parties. It will be determined later. This research was carried out in Haumeniana village, Bikomi Nilulat sub-district, North Central Timor district, focusing on the perceptions of the Haumeniana village community regarding the contents of the Wiranto. This means that the disputed area all belongs to RDTL. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection used interviews, observation and FGD techniques. This research concluded that all primary informants and FGD participants from elements of the Haumeniana community had negative perceptions of the contents of the Wiranto – Xanana Agreement.
The Role of Regional Revenue Agency in Increasing Land and Building Tax Revenue (Pbb) Case Study nn Maulafa District, Kupang City
Authors: LONA Aldha Solina , LINO Maria Magdalena , ROZARI Petrus de
Published: June 2024

This research aims to determine the role of the Regional Revenue Agency of Kupang City in increasing land and building tax revenue in Maulafa District, Kupang City, and to identify factors that are obstacles to increasing PBB revenue. The type of approach used in this research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The research informants were nine people, and purposive sampling was used to take informants. In this research, there are four focuses to look at the role of the Regional Revenue Agency of Kupang City in increasing Land and Building Tax Revenue in Maulafa District, Kupang City, namely planning, determining targets for determining Land and Building Tax at the Regional Revenue Agency of Kupang City does not involve lower-level employees in this case officers in the field. First, distributing and billing are carried out in 9 sub-districts for three months starting from the issuance of the PBB SPPT. Second, the PBB and BPHTB sectors formed collection groups for several sub-districts to collect receivables and PBB for the current year. Third, the implementation of Land and Building Tax Services Role Model Week. Fourth, Bapenda collaborates with Law Enforcement Officials (APH), namely Satpol PP and the Prosecutor's Office. Several inhibiting factors that are often faced in efforts to increase Land and Building Tax revenues in Maulafa District, Kupang City, are Double-printing of PBB Tax Payable Letters, Unclear Taxpayer Addresses who are domiciled outside the region and data in Payable Tax Returns that are not up to date.
Mehmet Fuad Köprülü’nün “Türk Edebiyatı Tarihinde Usûl” Makalesi Bağlamında Edebiyat Tarihçilerine Tavsiyeleri
Authors: Biricik İbrahim
Published: June 2024

Edebiyat tarihi; yazar ve edebi eserleri, yazıldığı dönemden bigâne kalmayacak şekilde hem kronolojik hem de sistematik olarak inceleyen bir bilim dalının adıdır. Her ne kadar bu bilimde Fransızların etkisi olsa da Osmanlı’dan tevarüs edilen tezkirecilik geleneğiyle bu bilime yabancı kalınmaz. Köprülüzade Mehmet Fuad’dan önce de edebiyat tarihini kaleme alan yazarlar ve eserler mevcut ise de onun alamet-i farikası, Türk edebiyat tarihini bütünlüklü ve sistematik bir şekilde ele almasında yatar. Bir milletin edebiyat tarihini tarih ve medeniyetten ayrı düşünmeyen Mehmet Fuad Köprülü, filoloji ve tarih bilimlerine dayanmayan bir edebiyat tarihi düşünemez. Mehmet Fuad Köprülü’nün 1913’te Bilgi mecmuasında yayımladığı “Türk Edebiyatı Tarihinde Usûl” makalesi Türk edebiyat çalışmalarının başvuru kaynaklarından biri olur. Bu “usûl” makalesi, Türk edebiyatının kurucu zemin metinlerinden biri olarak bir edebiyat tarihçisinin araştırmalarında takip edeceği yöntemi göstermesi bakımından da önemlidir. G. Lanson’dan hareket ederek Mehmet Fuad Köprülü’nün yazdığı bu makale, diğer Batılı teorisyenlerin yaklaşımlarına eleştiri getirmesi bakımından dikkat çekicidir. Tarih biliminin, tarihçinin, edebi eserin ve toplumun birbirine yönelik ihtiva ettiği anlamların ve bu kavramların birbirleriyle münasebetlerine yönelik yaklaşımların Mehmet Fuad Köprülü’nün bakış açısıyla değerlendirildiği makalede, kendi tarih ve edebi eserlerimize de özeleştirinin yapıldığı gözden kaçmaz. Bu çalışmada amaç; alanında bir metodoloji kuran Mehmet Fuad Köprülü’nün 110 sene önce kaleme alınan “Türk edebiyatı tarihinde usûl” makalesinin hâlâ güncelliğini koruyarak edebiyat tarihi araştırmacılarına önemli tavsiyeler içerdiğini gözler önüne sermektir.
Ruptura (
queer
) a la lógica masculinista neoliberal colombiana: el caso de
Plegarias nocturnas
(2012) de Santiago Gamboa
Authors: GARCÍA LEÓN DAVID LEONARDO
Published: June 2024

En este artículo analizo la producción discursiva de Santiago Gamboa, especialmente el libro
Plegarias nocturnas
(2012), con el fin de caracterizar la sexopolítica imperante entre 2002 y 2010 en Colombia y sus efectos en las identidades (
queer
) minorizadas. A través de combinar los estudios culturales (latinoamericanos) con los estudios de género y la teoría
queer
, respondo a las siguientes preguntas ¿Cómo son representadas las identidades sexogenéricas minorizadas en
Plegarias nocturnas
? y ¿Qué rol juegan las referencias literarias en
Plegarias nocturnas
en relación con dichas identidades y con la sexopolítica dominante en Colombia entre 2002 y 2010? Por lo tanto, este estudio contribuye a comprender la manera cómo las lógicas masculinistas dominantes en Colombia se han estructurado en la historia reciente del país y sus efectos en las subjetividades subordinadas al igual que a evidenciar el rol que el discurso literario puede tener para oponerse a dicha lógica.
Centenary Paper: The First Spanish Constitution Draft: The ‘Constitutional Laws’ of Manuel de Aguirre (1786)
Authors: SARASOLA IGNACIO FERNÁNDEZ
Published: June 2024

In 1786 the Basque thinker and military man Manuel de Aguirre entered a competition for ideas on how to improve national legislation in order to achieve public happiness. His proposal consisted in drawing up the draft of the first Spanish constitution. It was a very basic project, but it showed how part of the Spanish Enlightenment was interested in reforming the Enlightenment despotism of Charles III and replacing it with a representative government, in which the king still had important powers, though these were limited by bodies of a representative nature.
Determination of the Abundance of Mercury from the Hg ii Line at 5677.10 Å in Late B-type Stars. II. HD 143807 and HD 16727
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: June 2024

The weak line of Hg ii located at 5677.10 Å is used to measure the mercury abundance in two HgMn stars, HD 143807 (ι CrB) and HD 16727 (11 Per). This line is detected at 3σ above the noise in the adjacent continuum in HD 143807 but not detected in HD 16727. The synthesis of this line, using the current atomic parameters available in NIST, confirms the large overabundance of mercury in HD 143807, about +4.60 dex, in very good agreement with the excess derived in earlier studies from the 3983.93 Å line. At the overabundance expected for HD 16727 (3.90 dex), the line is predicted to contribute a 1% absorption feature which is not seen in the observed spectrum.
Exploration de la frontière entre « universitaires » et « entrepreneurs » : Identifier les zones d’ombre, les facilitateurs et les obstacles (réponses micro aux influences macro)
Authors: Bousquet Carole , Lichy Jessica
Published: June 2024

Située à l’intersection du monde universitaire et de l’esprit d’entreprise, cette étude examine l’impact du contexte culturel sur le développement de l’esprit entrepreneurial au cours du doctorat. L’objectif est de déterminer comment les facteurs contextuels au niveau macro peuvent déclencher une activité entrepreneuriale au niveau micro – et comment celle-ci est gérée au cours du parcours doctoral. Nous avons collecté les données au travers d’entretiens qualitatifs avec 26 universitaires internationaux (boundary-spanners ou passeurs de frontières) qui ont créé une start-up. Les résultats montrent dans quelle mesure le contexte (national/organisationnel/institutionnel) influence (i) les activités entrepreneuriales et (ii) la reconnaissance sociale et professionnelle de l’entrepreneuriat au cours du parcours doctoral. Nous identifions la nécessité de dépasser les frontières pour stimuler l’esprit d’entreprise, et nous révélons des défis qui n’ont pas été reportés dans la littérature. Notre étude contribue à la recherche en gestion en fournissant des données empiriques dans un contexte peu étudié, afin de servir de référence pour la recherche sur ce changement culturel.
Sexisme systémique : les réponses des entreprises canadiennes à l’activisme actionnarial visant à accroître la représentation des femmes dans leur conseil d’administration
Authors: Berthelot Sylvie , Coulmont Michel , Larmande François
Published: June 2024

L’objectif de cette étude est de mieux comprendre les réponses des entreprises aux projets de résolution des actionnaires activistes visant à augmenter le nombre de femmes à leur conseil d’administration. Le contenu des réponses des entreprises à 56 propositions d’actionnaires activistes soumises à des sociétés canadiennes cotées en bourse entre 2008 et 2020 a été analysé. À l’exception d’un projet de résolution, les entreprises ciblées ont réagi en recommandant à leurs actionnaires de voter contre ces propositions en appuyant cette recommandation par des arguments pouvant être associés à deux stratégies de légitimation : 1) celles-ci tentent de changer les perceptions concernant leurs valeurs au regard de la diversité, et 2) celles-ci tentent de modifier les attentes externes en suggérant qu’elles sont déraisonnables. Cette étude est la première à aborder les stratégies rhétoriques utilisées pour maintenir la légitimité des entreprises ciblées par les actionnaires activistes. Les arguments avancés par les entreprises ont permis d’identifier certains des obstacles invisibles limitant l’accès des femmes aux postes d’administrateurs dans les sociétés cotées canadiennes.
Influence of seasonality on Zika virus transmission
Authors: Hajji Miled El , Aloufi Mohammed Faraj S. , Alharbi Mohammed H.
Published: June 2024

In order to study the impact of seasonality on Zika virus dynamics, we analyzed a non-autonomous mathematical model for the Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission where we considered time-dependent parameters. We proved that the system admitted a unique bounded positive solution and a global attractor set. The basic reproduction number, $ \mathcal{R}_0 $, was defined using the next generation matrix method for the case of fixed environment and as the spectral radius of a linear integral operator for the case of seasonal environment. We proved that if $ \mathcal{R}_0 $ was smaller than the unity, then a disease-free periodic solution was globally asymptotically stable, while if $ \mathcal{R}_0 $ was greater than the unity, then the disease persisted. We validated the theoretical findings using several numerical examples.
Exploring Blended Learning Models Supported by Mobile Interactive Technologies in Higher Education
Authors: Fang Chen
Published: June 2024

With the widespread adoption of mobile interactive technologies and the evolving landscape of higher education, blended learning models have increasingly become a focus of educational reform. These models integrate traditional face-to-face teaching with modern online learning approaches, enhancing learning flexibility and interactivity through mobile technologies. Although blended learning has shown significant advantages in enhancing teaching efficiency and meeting individual student needs, research on its impact on student emotional interaction remains relatively limited. Emotional factors play a crucial role in the learning process, affecting student motivation and outcomes. Current research on emotional interactions in blended learning primarily relies on traditional methods, such as surveys, which frequently do not offer real-time and precise emotional data. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the effective selection of emotional sensing nodes and the accurate extraction of emotional features through mobile interactive technology-supported blended learning. The findings of this study aim to enhance the quality of teaching interactions but also to provide theoretical and practical support for optimizing blended learning models.
Épigraphie grecque et géographie historique du monde hellénique
Authors: Rousset Denis
Published: June 2024

Programme de l’année 2022-2023 : Géographie et histoire de la Lycie et de la Carie.
Paléographie et histoire de l’écriture en caractères latins
Authors: Savoie Alice
Published: June 2024

Programme de l’année 2022-2023 : Typographie latine : histoire, perspectives.
Histoire de Paris
Authors: Leproux Guy-Michel
Published: June 2024

Programme de l’année 2022-2023 : Une source pour l’histoire de Paris au XVIe siècle : les plumitifs de justice (suite).
Arts, industries et décor à l’époque contemporaine
Authors: Froissart Rossella
Published: June 2024

Programme de l’année 2021-2022 et 2022-2023 : Symbolisme et arts décoratifs.
Philologie romane
Authors: Zinelli Fabio
Published: June 2024

Programme de l’année 2022-2023 : I. L’occitan médiéval comme langue de contact (textes et manuscrits). — II. Le français « hors de France » : les manuscrits français d’Italie.
Histoire et philologie de la Chine classique
Authors: Lanselle Rainier
Published: June 2024

Programme de l’année 2022-2023 : Le déclin et la chute des Ming dans la littérature de fiction du XVIIe siècle (2). I. Le récit vernaculaire et la transmission du savoir sur les événements contemporains : histoire littéraire, approches critiques (2). — II. Écritures et réécritures du récit historique d’actualité : étude des sources, lecture de textes (2).
Histoire et codicologie du livre manuscrit arabe
Authors: de Castilla Nuria
Published: June 2024

Programme de l’année 2022-2023 : Le livre manuscrit arabe dans l’Espagne médiévale et moderne. Introduction à la lecture et l’édition de textes aljamiados.
Histoire de la musique européenne au XIXe siècle : sources et collections
Authors: Reynaud Cécile
Published: June 2024

Programme des années 2021-2022 et 2022-2023 : I. Romantismes musicaux européens. — II. Écrits littéraires de musiciens. — III. Histoire de l’enseignement de la musique.
Histoire et philologie tibétaines
Authors: Ramble Charles
Published: June 2024

Programme de l’année 2022-2023 : Le culte de la divinité Bonpo gTso mchog mkha’ ’gying (suite).
Philologie des textes bouddhiques d’Asie centrale
Authors: Pinault Georges-Jean
Published: June 2024

Programme de l’année 2022-2023 : Tokharien et indo-européen.
Sources et histoire de la tradition sanskrite
Authors: Houben Jan E. M.
Published: June 2024

Programme de l’année 2022-2023 : I. Science pré-scientifique et conditions rituelles dans les anciens textes védiques. — II. Sanskrit, lingua franca philosophique et scientifique : textes choisis. — III. Grammaire de la langue védique : approches modernes et traditionnelles (cours de master).
Langue et littérature latines du Moyen Âge
Authors: Turcan-Verkerk Anne-Marie
Published: June 2024

Programme de l’année 2022-2023 : L’œuvre de Létald de Micy : édition, traduction, analyse et publication collectives (suite).
Un siècle de traduction du yiddish en France. Trajectoires, mémoires et projets culturels
Authors: Chinski Malena
Published: June 2024

Cet article propose une étude historique d’un siècle de traduction du yiddish en France, de la deuxième décennie du XXe siècle à nos jours. Partant d’une base de données construite par l’auteure, l’article cherche à interpréter les données recueillies à la lumière de certains développements historiques, ainsi que des trajectoires intellectuelles individuelles des acteurs impliqués dans l’expansion de la pratique de l’enseignement et de la traduction du yiddish en France. L’article vise également à dresser un panorama du corpus global des traductions yiddish disponibles en France, à rendre visibles les noms et les trajectoires des hommes et des femmes dont le travail a permis la transmission de la langue et de la culture yiddish après la Shoah.
Dipendenza e sovranità alimentare nelle isole d’Oceania: voci di contrasto al gastro-colonialismo
Authors: Cottino Gaia
Published: June 2024

Il contributo analizza, attraverso una prospettiva isolana ed ecotonale, la persistenza della dipendenza alimentare degli arcipelaghi d’Oceania e il fiorire di eterogenee spinte emancipatorie che propongono un modello che consenta ai propri abitanti di decidere del proprio cibo, sistemi di produzione e approvvigionamento. Dopo un approfondimento del processo di colonizzazione gastronomica del continente liquido – iniziato con gli europei, portato avanti come strumento di dominio e proseguito nel tempo secondo formule indirette di esercizio del potere – finalizzato a tracciare quei tratti comuni alla storia del paesaggio edibile oceaniano, l’articolo propone l’analisi di alcune opere artistiche, selezionate per il loro carattere di denuncia alla colonizzazione alimentare delle isole. Grazie alla peculiare prospettiva dall’isola che ne caratterizza la cifra stilistica, queste voci stanno creando un terreno fertile per la nascita di una nuova arena politica, attraverso cui esercitare la propria visione di futuro e sollecitare politiche che portino a compimento un processo di decolonizzazione mai conclusosi.
L’insularità, l’isolamento e l’autonomia alimentare degli ikoots (Oaxaca, Messico) fra storia, flussi oceanici e catene globali di depauperamento
Authors: Tallè Cristiano
Published: June 2024

Gli huave/ikoots vivono su un’isola di barriera fra l’oceano Pacifico e un ampio sistema lagunare costiero, nell’Istmo di Tehuantepec (Oaxaca, Messico). Le loro comunità stanno sperimentando negli ultimi decenni una sempre maggiore dipendenza dalle catene di approvvigionamento dei beni di consumo di massa che procede di pari passo a una crescente conflittualità territoriale e a una progressiva perdita di autonomia alimentare ittica, fondata su una “sovranità oceano-politica” oggi in profonda crisi. Il saggio cerca di leggere il doppio vincolo fra dipendenza dalle catene di approvvigionamento e condizione di isolamento/insularità, “canalizzazione dei flussi vitali” (idrici, ittici, meteorici ecc.) e depauperamento ambientale, prendendo in considerazione un ampio arco temporale (dalle imprese di Cortés fino ai mega-progetti attuali) e alla luce di un’analisi etnografica della percezione locale dell’interdipendenza fra pesca abbondante e circolazione dei flussi oceanici. Dalla loro tradizionale posizione di “trasformatrici alimentari”, sono soprattutto le donne oggi a farsi carico della consapevolezza di un benessere condiviso con l’ambiente acquatico, a fronte di una pesca (maschile) sempre più intensiva e di una crisi del metabolismo lagunare sempre più accentuata.
Validation of a Motion Sickness Prediction Model via Flight Tests on DLR’s Bo-105 Helicopter
Authors: Petit Philippe
Published: June 2024

In previous work, a motion sickness prediction model aimed at vertical lift applications was developed. To validate this model, flight tests with an MBB Bo-105 Helicopter owned and operated by the DLR were conducted. In total, 32 test subjects were flown in 16 sorties on 30 min sinusoidal
flight paths of various frequencies. The test design and implementation included the development of a suitable measurement flight instrumentation, auditive cueing systems for accurate following of the test trajectory, and questionnaires for recording motion sickness during flight. The results
are analyzed, and it is shown that the previously developed motion sickness prediction model agrees well with the motion sickness observed during flight in the case of medium motion sickness.
Mushroom Valley-onderstandskamp
Authors: Van der Bank D.A.
Published: June 2024

Farm burning and the destruction of property during the Second Anglo-Boer War left many farmers destitute, especially the 'bywoners' or squatters. In July 1902 the Relief Works Department was constituted to provide employment for indigent burghers and to assist in the closing of the concentration camps. The relief works consisted mainly of the building of irrigation dams on government farms, enabling poor whites-to earn a wage. Mushroom Valley relief camp in the Winburg district is discussed in more detail, with regard to the working and living conditions, housing, educational facilities and the ministration of the church. The abrupt cessation of the relief works and the transfer of the partially-completed irrigation schemes to the Land Settlement Department became a matter of contention between the Afrikaners and the colonial government.
Travels in Southern Africa, volume 1
Authors: Cubbin A.E.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Does Psychoeducation for Families have an Effect When Only One Caregiver is Present and the Patient is Not Involved?
Authors: Yann Hodé , Wydad Hikmat , Dominique Willard , Nathalie Guillard-Bouhet , Romain Padovani , Vanessa Martin-Gatignol , Mélanie Biotteau Lacoste , Laure Cohen , Joséphine Caron , Loic Etesse , Mona Moualla , Olivier Canceil , Isabelle Chéreau-Boudet , Aurèlie Montagne Larmurier , Virginie Buisse , Jean-Yves Giordana , Enrica Adamoli , Sophie Parent , Pascal Favre , Jérome Attal , Stéphanie Lemestré , Saïd Fattah
Published: June 2024

Background/Objectives:

Multi-family psycho-educational programs for schizophrenia often succeed in mobilizing only one family member. To what extent does intervention involving a single caregiver have an impact on the interaction between family members?.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of data from self-administered questionnaires completed by caregivers participating in the Profamille V3 psychoeducational program on a sample of 1277 subjects.

Results:

After participation in the first 56H module of the program, participants reduced the time spent on negative and increased the time spent on positive interactions with the patient. Other family members who did not attend the program also reduced the time spent on negative interactions with the patient.

Conclusions:

The presence of the patient or several family members is not indispensable for improving the relational dynamics of the whole family. The skills needed to improve positive communication are more difficult to transfer to nonparticipants.
Synergizing Efficiency and Silence: A Novel Approach to E-Machine Development
Authors: Mehrgou Mehdi , Garcia de Madinabeitia Inigo , Ahmed Mohamed Essam
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the automotive industry has dedicated significant attention to the evolution of electric vehicles (EVs). The Electric-machine (as motor and generator, here and onward called E-machine as more general term) as the heart of the EDU (Electric Drive Unit) is very important component of powertrain and is the one of the main focuses of development. Traditionally, E-machine design has primarily focused on factors like efficiency, packaging, and cost, often neglecting the critical aspects of Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) specially at the early decision-making stages. This disconnect between E-machine design teams and NVH teams has consistently posed a challenge, which is the experience seen in many OEMs. This paper introduces an innovative workflow that unifies these previously separate domains, facilitating comprehensive optimization by integrating NVH considerations with other E-machine objectives, efficiency, weight, packaging and cost. This paper highlights AVL's approach in achieving this transformation and demonstrates how this integrated approach sets a new standard for E-machine design.

The presented novel approach, which is also patented, relies on AI-driven algorithms and computational tools. The important aspect of this methodology is that from the first step of E-machine design, NVH is included. This advanced methodology makes sure that with predictive modeling and advanced optimization, an optimal electric machine is developed for NVH without compromising on efficiency or costs.
Assessment of Equivalent Properties for Flat Multilayered Panels
Authors: Tuozzo Diego Martin , Atalla Noureddine
Published: June 2024

Within homogenization techniques, an equivalent properties strategy can be utilized to equivalently represent complex structures into simple ones. This work aims to highlight the limitations of three strategies using a single layer flat panel to represent the vibro-acoustics of flat multilayered structures. The presented limitations provide insight into the potential applicability of this strategy in complex heterogeneous structures. Equivalent material properties and equivalent stiffness coefficients are obtained from the dispersion curves of the reference structures and thereafter utilized to build an equivalent simple structure. To demonstrate the accuracy and limitations of the homogenization strategies, three carefully selected flat multilayered structures are presented. The particular effects of asymmetry, orthotropy, soft core and high damping (structural loss factor, η > 0.5) in multilayered structures are addressed. A wave and forced analysis is performed utilizing the General Laminate Model (GLM) and four different vibro-acoustic indicators (total energy, input and radiated power, as well as diffuse field transmission loss) are computed and compared with reference solutions. The comparisons show that, in general, a single layer plate can equivalently represent flat multilayered structures within the studied frequency range ([50 Hz, 5 kHz]). Inaccuracies of the proposed strategies are also discussed, highlighting the challenge of correctly homogenizing structures with soft core and, in particular, high damping.
Acoustic VS Reliability. Case Study of Automotive Components Undergoing Vibration Endurance Tests
Authors: Bonato Marco , Bennouna Saad , Ravineala Tudor
Published: June 2024

During design development phases, automotive components undergo a strict validation process aiming to demonstrate requested levels of performance and durability. In some cases, specific developments encounter a major blocking point : decoupling systems responsible for optimal acoustic comfort performances.

On the one hand, damping rubbers need to be soft to comply with noise, vibration & harshness criteria. However, softness would provoke such high amplitudes during vibration endurance tests that components would suffer from failures. On the other hand, stiffer rubbers, designed for durability purposes, would fail to meet noise compliance. The rubber design development goes through a double-faced dilemma : design with acceptable trade-off between NVH and durability, and efficient ways to develop compliant designs.

This paper illustrates two case studies where different methodologies are applied to validate decoupling systems from both acoustic and reliability perspectives. The goal was to develop a strategy allowing quick and effective criteria of estimating damage.

The first case study describes a new methodology, based on vibration measurements, reliability prediction and the simultaneous acoustic feedback, that helped establish an iterative design optimization of engine cooling module dampers. The main criterion is the consideration that the local damage at the failure zone can be derived from the absolute displacement of the item under test.

The second case involved air conditioning system blowers. Based on physics-of-failure criteria, we demonstrate that vibration endurance tests requested by carmakers are not representative of real environments and resulting test failures are not realistic. A more representative profile is then proposed for durability tests.
Roadnoise Reduction through Component-TPA with Test and Simulation Convergence Using Blocked Force
Authors: Park Junmin , Park Sangyoung
Published: June 2024

While conventional methods like classical Transfer Path Analysis (TPA), Multiple Coherence Analysis (MCA), Operational Deflection Shape (ODS), and Modal Analysis have been widely used for road noise reduction, component-TPA from Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) is gaining attention for its ability to efficiently develop complex mobility systems.

In this research, we propose a method to achieve road noise targets in the early stage of vehicle development using component-level TPA based on the blocked force method. An important point is to ensure convergence of measured test results (e.g. sound pressure at driver ear) and simulation results from component TPA.

To conduct component-TPA, it is essential to have an independent tire model consisting of wheel-tire blocked force and tire Frequency Response Function (FRF), as well as full vehicle FRF and vehicle hub FRF. In this study, the FRF of the full vehicle and wheel-tire blocked force are obtained using an in-situ method with a precedent vehicle. The tire FRF is then obtained using the FBS (Frequency Based Substructuring) decomposition method after measuring the vehicle’s hub FRF. The consistency of the measured interior noise with the interior noise calculated through the component-level TPA is verified.

Furthermore, in virtual development for future vehicle models, the interior noise of the virtual vehicle can be predicted by converging the early-stage vehicle CAE model, such as the architecture or Preliminary Design Stage, with the independent tire model from internal database or provided by tire suppliers. The spindle load (wheel input load) of the vehicle, that is calculated using the equation derived from the component-level TPA, is used as excitation. Based on this interior noise prediction, technical measures to reduce the interior noise and vibration level can be considered through alternative designs that reduce the wheel input load, the sound transmission or avoid the sensitive frequency bands.
Coupled Boundary Element and Poro-Elastic Material Simulation Approach to Designing Effective Acoustic Encapsulation for Vehicle Components
Authors: Van Hal Willem , Goy Oliver , Amichi Kamel , Musser Chadwyck , Calloni Massimiliano , Hadjit Rabah
Published: June 2024

To meet vehicle interior noise targets and expectations, components including those related to electric vehicles (EVs) can effectively be treated at the source with an encapsulation approach, preventing acoustic and vibration sources from propagating through multiple paths into the vehicle interior. Encapsulation can be especially useful when dealing with tonal noise sources in EVs which are common for electrical components. These treatments involve materials that block noise and vibration at its source but add weight and cost to vehicles – optimization and ensuring the material used is minimized but efficient in reducing noise everywhere where it is applied is critically important. Testing is important to confirm source levels and verify performance of some proposed configurations, but ideal encapsulation treatments are complex and cannot be efficiently achieved by trial-and-error testing. Simulation is a key supporting tool to guide location, thickness, and properties of encapsulation acoustic treatments to meet targets with no excess cost or weight. Effective simulation accounts for mass, damping, and acoustic attenuation effects of the encapsulation with fine detail in all propagation directions and in a wide frequency range that corresponds to what will most affect an occupant, generally up to 10kHz. This paper presents an approach coupling a Boundary Element Method (BEM) approach to a poro-elastic material (PEM), representation of the encapsulation that accounts for all mass, damping, and acoustic attenuation effects on a base component structure modeled classically by a Finite Element Method (FEM). The modeling methods are described and representative comparisons of bare and encapsulated acoustic transmission are shown. Application recommendations are given and next steps to advanced use of the method are presented, which is suitable to characterize sources attenuated by encapsulation that can be used to simulate vehicle interior and exterior noise.
Application of a Seat Transmissibility Approach to Experience Measured or Predicted Seat-Rail Vibration in a Multi-Attribute Simulator
Authors: Franks Graham , Tcherniak Dmitri , Kennings Paul , Allman-Ward Mark , Kuhmann Marvin
Published: June 2024

Computer modelling, virtual prototyping and simulation is widely used in the automotive industry to optimize the development process. While the use of CAE is widespread, on its own it lacks the ability to provide observable acoustics or tactile vibrations for decision makers to assess, and hence optimize the customer experience. Subjective assessment using Driver-in-Loop simulators to experience data has been shown to improve the quality of vehicles and reduce development time and uncertainty. Efficient development processes require a seamless interface from detailed CAE simulation to subjective evaluations suitable for high level decision makers. In the context of perceived vehicle vibration, the need for a bridge between complex CAE data and realistic subjective evaluation of tactile response is most compelling. A suite of VI-grade noise and vibration simulators have been developed to meet this challenge. In the process of developing these solutions VI-grade has identified the need for a means of accurately interpreting and presenting CAE vibration predictions at hardpoints such as the seat-rail (which can be efficiently and accurately modelled) as equivalent vibration at the driver tactile interfaces. This need has resulted in the development of a seat transmissibility approach to transform the seat-rail vibration to an accurate reproduction of vibration at the seat to driver interface points. This paper will describe an efficient measurement based seat transmissibility approach, and identify additional benefits such as the ability to make virtual seat swaps or experience the vibration that would be perceived by people with different physical characteristics (body mass, height, etc.).
Acceleration of Fast-SCR Reaction by Eliminating “The Ammonia Blocking Effect”
Authors: Morita Daiki , Kotani Yuya , Zu Qiuyue , Yoshida Fuka , Sok Ratnak , Kusaka Jin
Published: June 2024

Electricity, e-fuel and H2 are considered important recent and future sources of energy for heavy-duty vehicles. Heavy-duty battery electric vehicles (BEV) have many technical challenges. Therefore, internal combustion engines (ICE) powered by e-fuel and hydrogen can be used as an alternative to batteries in heavy-duty trucks. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are necessary for achieving the goals of zero-emission internal combustion engines that use e-fuel or H2 as a fuel. The Japanese automotive industry mainly utilizes Cu-Zeolite-based SCR catalysts since vanadium-based catalysts have been difficult to be used to prevent the release of vanadium into the atmosphere due to the relatively low evaporation temperature.

This study investigated whether improving the conversion rate by pulsing the NH3 supply was possible. Experiments were conducted in a mini-reactor with an inflow of simulated exhaust gas to examine the effect of the pulse amplitude, frequency, and duty ratio on the conversion rate when an NH3 pulse supply was applied to a test piece Cu-chabazite catalyst. The results of the reactor experiment were compared with numerical simulations that considered the detailed surface reaction processes on the catalyst.

The experimental results showed that purification of NOx at low temperatures (200°C) improved from 45% to 62% by providing a pulsed supply of reducing agent (NH3) rather than a continuous supply. During the time when the pulse supply was off, the decomposition of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) was promoted, enhancing the conversion rate of NOx. The results of the simulations demonstrated that the gas concentrations and conversion rate in the catalyst and unique phenomena at low temperatures, such as the formation and decomposition of NH4NO3 and the ammonia-blocking effect, could be accurately reproduced and simulated.
Advanced H2 ICE Development Aiming for Full Compatibility with Classical Engines While Ensuring Zero-Impact Tailpipe Emissions
Authors: Koerfer Thomas , Durand Thomas , Busch Hartwig
Published: June 2024

Current GHG emissions are rebounding from an intermediate decline during the economic downturn caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. To get back on track to support the realization of the formulated goals of the Paris Agreement, scientific communities suggest that worldwide GHG emissions should be roughly halved by 2030 on a trajectory to reach net zero by around mid-century. Carbon neutrality imposes substantial changes in our energy mix. Hydrogen (H2) is considered to play a key role as a carbon-free and versatile energy carrier for all kinds of applications and use cases.

Considering the high technological maturity of internal combustion engines (ICEs), the interest in ICEs powered by hydrogen as a CO2-free solution is rising worldwide.

The content of this publication displays the necessary engineering steps to successfully convert a diesel-based engine to H2 DI operation. In this context, upfront simulations work dictated the newly designed combustion system layout and the associated exhaust aftertreatment topology that fulfils the requirements for an appropriate level of charge motion for favorable raw emission levels and thermal efficiencies. To keep development cost low while leveraging the maturity of the base Diesel engine parts, a maximum degree of communality with the given Diesel base engine and its flat cylinder head design was decided. The obtained results demonstrate the significant potentials of the hydrogen engine technology towards future needs.

The engine KPI are matching the ones from the diesel base engine while offering a near-zero emission concept thanks to the alignment of engine control and aftertreatment system calibration. Remarkable experimental results regarding emissions at zero impact level, high specific power, dynamic response, and efficiency are presented as well as further potentials and needs for the following research and development work.

The technical paper closes with a direct comparison of the key functional data of the origin Diesel engine and the newly engineered H2-powered variant for two target applications in the field of on- and off-highway installations.
Guided Port Injection of Hydrogen as an Approach for Reducing Cylinder-to-Cylinder Deviations in Spark-Ignited H2 Engines – A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Jung Philipp Emanuel , Guenthner Michael , Walter Nicolas
Published: June 2024

The reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and ever stricter regulations on pollutant emissions in the transport sector require research and development of new, climate-friendly propulsion concepts. The use of renewable hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines promises to provide a good solution especially for commercial vehicles. For optimum efficiency of the combustion process, hydrogen-specific engine components are required, which need to be tested on the test bench and analysed in simulation studies. This paper deals with the simulation-based investigation and optimisation of fuel injection in a 6-cylinder PFI commercial vehicle engine, which has been modified for hydrogen operation starting from a natural gas engine concept. The focus of the study is on a CNG-derived manifold design which has been adapted with regard to the injector interface and is already equipped with so-called gas injection guiding tubes for targeted fuel injection in front of the intake runners of the individual cylinders. Significant deviations between the averaged cylinder pressure profiles of the individual cylinders observed on the test bench point to an issue with the equal distribution of the fuel supply to the individual cylinders. A subsequent 3D CFD simulation of the internal manifold flow showed geometry-induced turbulence of the fresh air flow in the area of the hydrogen supply outlet of several cylinders, which can lead to variations in cylinder-specific fuel quantities. In order to minimise the influence of the air flow in the manifold on the fuel injection, a dedicated injection guide concept for the gas injection tubes in the intake manifold has been designed with the aim of moving the position of hydrogen injection closer to the intake valves. In this study, this concept is analyzed based on first results obtained from a detailed 3D CFD simulation, especially in terms of the uniformity of hydrogen distribution between the cylinders, mixture formation and the effect on combustion.