bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The person-based development and realist evaluation of a pre-consultation form for GP consultations
Authors: Murphy Mairead , Salisbury Chris , Scott Anne , Sollazzi-Davies Lucia , Wong Geoff
Published: February 2022

Background: Use of telephone, video and e-consultations is increasing. These can make consultations more transactional, potentially missing patients’ concerns. This study aimed to develop a complex intervention to address patients’ concerns more comprehensively in general practice and test the feasibility of this in a cluster-randomised framework.

The complex intervention used two technologies: a patient-completed pre-consultation form used at consultation opening and a doctor-provided summary report provided at consultation closure. This paper reports on the development and realist evaluation of the pre-consultation questionnaire.

Methods: A person-based approach was used to develop the pre-consultation form.  An online questionnaire system was designed to allow patient self-completion of a form which could be shared with GPs. This was tested with 45 patients in three rounds, with iterative adjustments made based on feedback after each round.

Subsequently, an intervention incorporating the pre-consultation form with the summary report was then tested in a cluster-randomised framework with 30 patients per practice in six practices: four randomised to intervention, and two to control. An embedded realist evaluation was carried out. The main feasibility study results are reported elsewhere.

Results:

Intervention Development: 15 patients were recruited per practice. Twelve patients, six GPs and three administrators were interviewed and 32 changes were made iteratively in three rounds. Recruitment rates (proportion of patients responding to the text) increased from 15% in round one to 50% in round three.

Realist evaluation: The pre-consultation form was most useful for people comfortable with technology and with hidden concerns or anxiety about the consultation. It resulted in more issues being discussed and support provided, more effective use of time and greater patient satisfaction.

Conclusions: The person-based approach was successful. The pre-consultation form uncovers more depth and improves satisfaction in certain consultations and patients. Technological improvements are required before this could be rolled out more widely.
Humoral immune depression following autologous stem cell transplantation is a marker of prolonged response duration in patients with mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Bouard Louise , Tessoulin Benoit , Thieblemont Catherine , Bouabdallah Kamal , Gastinne Thomas , Oberic Lucie , Carras Sylvain , Delette Caroline , Casasnovas Olivier , Dartigeas Caroline , Cacheux Victoria , Masse Sibylle , Hermine Olivier , Le Gouill Steven
Published: February 2022

Rituximab maintenance (RM) after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is standard-of-care for young patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). RM may enhance post-transplantation immune depression and risk of infections. We compared infection incidence and immune consequences of RM versus observation in transplanted MCL patients. All randomized patients included in the LyMa trial were eligible. The following parameters were collected prospectively: occurrence of fever, infection, hospitalization, neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, CD4 lymphopenia and γ globulin (Ig) substitution. The post-ASCT period was divided into four periods in order to assess the possible effects of RM or ASCT on immune status. Each arm included 120 patients. Concerning infection incidence and all biological parameters, there was no difference between the two arms during the first year post ASCT. After this period, RM patients were more exposed to fever (P=0.03), infections (P=0.001), hypogammaglobulinemia (P=0.0001) and Ig substitution (P<0.0001). Incidences of hospitalization, neutropenia and CD4 lymphopenia were not different between the two arms. The number of rituximab injections was correlated with infections and hypogammaglobulinemia, P<0.0001 and P=0.001; but was not correlated with neutropenia and CD4 lymphopenia. Ig substitution did not modify infection incidence. Patients who presented hypogammaglobulinemia <6 g/L or <4 g/L had longer 3-years progression-free survival (PFS), this applies to RM patients (P=0.012 and P=0.03) and to the global cohort (P=0.008 and P=0.003). Hypogammaglobulinemia did not influence overall survival. Occurrence of infectious event, neutropenia and CD4 lymphopenia did neither influence PFS nor overall survival. Post-ASCT RM in MCL patients causes sustained hypogammaglobulinemia, which is independently correlated with improved PFS.
Rassegna Della Letteratura Recente
Authors: Guarnieri A.
Published: February 2022

Abstract non disponibile
La Foto Del Mese
Authors: V. Fineschi , M. Di Paolo
Published: February 2022

Abstract non disponibile
Motor performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: focus on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency
Authors: Adhvaryu Khushboo Prashant , Karthikbabu Suruliraj , Rao Pratiksha Tilak
Published: February 2022

The literature review aimed to analyze studies assessing the motor abilities of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP). The PubMed, OVID, Cochrane, and PEDro databases were searched for relevant articles published between February 2003 and September 2021. Despite the retrieval of limited studies, most included in this review were of fair to good quality. The diagnostic criteria for ADHD adhered to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders standards. The BOTMP has been used diversely in various countries, has been translated into various languages, is administered by various qualified medical professionals on children with variants of ADHD, with the long form of the tool used more widely than its short form. The motor performance of children with ADHD was better than that of children with other developmental disorders, but children with ADHD underperformed compared to their age-matched typically developing peers. Although the BOTMP tool has been widely used to evaluate the motor performance of children with various disabilities, our understanding of the motor repertoire of children with ADHD is inadequate. Future research can aim to use the BOTMP to better understand the motor repertoire of children with ADHD to aid their overall rehabilitation.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS III SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Afifah Nur , Kurniaman Otang , Noviana Eddy
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Reseacrh and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Penelitian ini menggunakan angket sebagai instrument pengumpulan data uji validasi dari ahli media, ahli materi, ahli bahasa, praktisi, dan tanggapan siswa kelas III Sekolah Dasar. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Al-Furqon Islamic School Pekanbaru. Hasil validasi media pembelajaran interaktif mendapatkan persentase kelayakan sebesar 94% dengan kategori “Sangat Layak”, dari hasil validasi ahli materi mendapatkan persentase 100% dengan kategori “Sangat Layak”, dari hasil validasi ahli bahasa mendapatkan persentase 92% dengan kategori “Sangat Layak”, dari hasil validasi praktisi I mendapatkan persentase 95% dengan kategori “Sangat Layak”, dari hasil validasi praktisi II mendapatkan persentase 96% dengan kategori “Sangat Layak”, dari hasil uji coba satu-satu dengan 3 orang siswa mendapatkan persentase 83,33% dengan kategori “Sangat Layak”, dan dari hasil uji coba terbatas dengan 8 orang siswa mendapatkan persentase 89,7% dengan kategori “Sangat Layak”. Berdasarkan dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran interaktif yang dikembangkan sangat layak digunakan untuk proses pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada materi Dongeng kelas III Sekolah Dasar di SD Al-Furqon Islamic School Pekanbaru.
Through-Thickness Microstructures and Yield Strength Enhancement for AZ31 Mg Sheets Treated by Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification
Authors: Kang Myungsung , Kang Joo-Hee , Park Hyeonuk , Kim Jun-Hyung , Pyoun Young-Sik , Baek Minjae , Lee Dong Jun , Lee Seung Jin , Park Sanghu , Kim Hong Moule , Park Sung Hyuk , Choi Yoon Suk
Published: February 2022

An ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technique was applied to a 1-mm thick AZ31 magnesium sheet. UNSM is a relatively new surface modification technique in which a hard, hemispherical tip (2.38 mm in diameter) strikes the surface at an ultrasonic frequency to induce plastically deformed gradient microstructures and deep compressive residual stresses through the thickness. After the UNSM treatment, the through-thickness microstructures were thoroughly investigated using electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction analysis. The through-thickness microstructures revealed zones that were severely deformed (down to 200 µm from the surface) and twin-dominated (200~300 µm deep from the surface). The severely deformed zone consisted of shear banding, grain subdivision and reorientation, due to the strong plastic deformation, accompanied by the formation of {101−2} tensile twins (despite compressive strikes by the hemispherical tip), {101−1}-{101−2} double twins and {101−1} compression twins. The cause for tensile twinning was examined through a literature survey. In the twin-dominated zone, the twining activity prevailed as the slip activity gradually decayed through the thickness. The UNSM-induced hardness and microstructure enhancement was found to be effective down to about 300~400 μm deep from the surface. Finally, the source of the increase in yield strength after the UNSM treatment of the AZ31 sheet was analyzed, and focused on individual cases of microstructural enhancement in the severely deformed zone and the twin zone, and the compressive residual stress.
TIP FAKÜLTESİ VE HEMŞİRELİK FAKÜLTESİ SON SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN MESLEK YAŞAMLARININ GELECEĞİNE İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ: BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ÖZÇİFTÇİ Seçil , ÜSTÜN Çağatay , DEMİRCİ GÜNGÖRDÜ Nuray , ALVUR Tuncay Müge
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışma tıp ve hemşirelik fakültesi son sınıf öğrencilerinin mesleklerine ilişkin mevcut ve ileriye yönelik görüşlerini saptamak amacıyla planlanmıştır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim (fenomenolojik) araştırma desenine uygun olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, ülkemizin Ege Bölgesi’ndeki bir üniversitenin tıp ve hemşirelik fakültesi son sınıf öğrencileri içerisinden çalışmaya gönüllü 10 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Görüşmeden elde edilen veriler “mesleki yaşantıdan beklentiler” ve “mesleğin gelecek on yıldaki durumu” olmak üzere iki tema altında toplanmıştır. “Mesleki yaşantılarından beklentiler” ana temasının alt temaları olarak “profesyonellik”, “maddi beklentiler”, “manevi beklentiler” olmak üzere üç alt tema oluşturulmuştur. Mesleğin gelecek on yıldaki durumu ana temasının altında ise “değer görme”, “otonomi”, “sağlıkta şiddet”, “hasta hakları”, “hasta özerkliği”, “tıp hukuku” olmak üzere altı alt tema oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmaya katılan Hemşirelik Fakültesi 4. sınıf ve Tıp Fakültesi 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin mesleğe adım atmaya yaklaştıkları bir dönemde mesleği profesyonel anlamda sürdürme konusunda kaygılı oldukları saptanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda öğrencilerin mesleğe hazır bulunuşluğu, gelecek kaygısı ve profesyonel iş yaşantısı gibi konuların vurgulanması danışman öğretim üyelerinin, sağlık hizmetleri yöneticilerinin ve politika belirleyicilerin iç görüsü bakımından konunun farklı boyutlarıyla ele alındığı çalışmalar bilimsel literatüre kazandırılmalıdır.
Determination of Infective Endocarditis Development Risks and Knowledge Levels of Individuals Applying for Dental Treatment
Authors: Hilal Uysal , Iremnur Emir
Published: February 2022

Objective: In the study, it was aimed to determine the risk and level of knowledge of individuals who applied to the clinic for dental treatment. Methods: The research consisted of 713 adult individuals who went to the dental clinic for dental treatment between 01 March and 31 August 2020, who were willing to participate in the study and who met the inclusion criteria. The questionnaires developed by the researchers were used to determine the risks of developing infective endocarditis, and the knowledge levels of Oral and Dental Health and Infective Endocarditis in individuals who attended dental treatment. Descriptive statistical analyzes were made. Results: In the study, the rate of agreeing that "oral and dental health problems are as important as other health problems" (p = 0.005) and that "infective endocarditis disease is an infection of the heart and its valves" (p = 0.009) was found to be significantly higher in females than males. It was determined that the majority of the individuals (38.7%) were indecisive about the idea that “antibiotics should be used before dental treatment”. When the infective endocarditis risk factors were evaluated in the study, it was found that 8.1% had piersing in their body, 28.3% had problems such as gingivitis, bleeding and swelling. Conclusion: The most important issue in preventing the development of infective endocarditis is to increase the awareness of individuals. The society should be made aware of the risk factors that may cause infective endocarditis and their knowledge level should be increased.
Experimental Investigation of New Design Concepts for the Tribological Contact between the Valve Plate and the Cylinder Block in Axial Piston Machines
Authors: Geffroy Stefan , Wegner Stephan , Gels Stefan , Schmitz Katharina
Published: February 2022

Axial piston machines are widely used in both stationary and mobile hydraulic systems due to their efficiency and robustness in high pressure applications. Important tribological contacts in axial piston machines are between pistons and bushings, sliding shoe and swash plate, as well as between cylinder block and valve plate. The analysis of these contacts is imperative to improve the overall performance of the machine, since they influence its efficiency to a high extend. This paper focuses on the contact between the valve plate and the cylinder block. High pressure forces acting on the cylinder block result in a tilted position, defining the shape of the interface with the valve plate. The tilted position is overlayed by the cylinder block’s rotation, resulting in unfavorable lubrication conditions and high contact pressure.
Measures to actively influencing the cylinder block’s position during its rotation is currently researched at ifas. Using pressure pockets in the kidney grooves of the cylinder block is one of these measures and presented in this paper. The investigation is done simulative and experimental, using a 140 cm³ pump on a special test rig, measuring the cylinder block movement. The results of this are presented in this paper.
Strategies to Minimize Data Sample Size for Regression-Based Pump/Motor Models
Authors: Johnson Jack L. , Garcia-Bravo Jose , Panwar Pawan , Michael Paul
Published: February 2022

This work presents an analysis for tracking the evolution of regression coefficients and the Root-Mean-Square of their residuals on a test dataset for a hydraulic pump. The method starts by iteratively regressing data points that are undergoing sequencing by adding one new data sample at a time, then regressing with each iteration. This process was named Progressively Sequenced Regression Analysis, shortened to “PSR analysis” in this paper. The motivating and guiding postulate of PSR analysis is based on the belief that a plateau of the regression coefficients and statistical figures of merit had to exist if sampling theory is accepted to be real. It was anticipated at the outset that both the regression coefficients and the Residual RMS would converge on respective plateau values; however, it was discovered that the coefficients were very volatile, with some, more volatile than others. Tracking the Residual RMS was found to produce the more reliable measure of information saturation because the convergence is more obvious, provided that the sample sequencing was done with the experience learned from performing PSR analysis. This document is focused on explaining how orthogonally sequenced data can be mined for the limits or hyperspace vertexes of the sampled data, and the source data optimally sequenced (rearranged) to produce results that are as efficacious as Latin Hypercube (LHC) sampling for achieving information saturation at a predictable number of samples. PSR analysis has led to an objective method for verifying that the proper arrangement, i.e., optimized sequencing, of the source data set can predict the condition of information saturation and minimum useful sample size. It ends with a postulate of how this can be achieved using a combination of LHC sampling and vertex pre-test planning, or vertex mining of legacy data. The content of this paper has concentrated solely on the output flow model of hydraulic, positive displacement pumps.
Modelling, Simulation and Validation of the Pneumatic End-Position Cylinder Cushioning
Authors: Nazarov Fedor , Weber Jürgen
Published: February 2022

In this paper a model of the pneumatic cylinder with an integrated pneumatic end cushioning is presented. This model is needed to simulate and analyze the thermodynamical possesses in the pneumatic end cushioning and to elaborate a novel design strategy for damping systems with a higher capability on kinetic energy absorption and robust performance even with fluctuating operational conditions, such as supply pressure, inertial load or travel speed. To validate this model, the results of the experimentally based parametrization of the friction force in the cylinder sealings are compared for a Stribeck friction model and its modifications. A new approach suitable for an accurate approximation of the measured friction data within a wide range of pressure (2…8 barrel) and piston speed (0…0.8 m/s) is proposed. In the next step a flow rate characteristic of the integrated end cushioning throttle is experimentally obtained and analyzed. These data are used to parametrize the lumped parameters model of the cylinder with an end cushioning. Pressure and temperature in the cushioning volume and piston displacement are measured for different openings of the cushioning throttle to prove the validity of the model. The model will be used further for sensitivity analysis and robust optimization of the cushioning system design.
Extremal Optimisation Approach to Component Placement in Blood Analysis Equipment
Authors: Sethson Magnus
Published: February 2022

This reports present an initial study on generative mechatronic design of equipment for blood analysis where the samples and chemicals are forwarded in thin single millimeter vessels. The system of vessels in the equipment transfers the fluids to different stations where chemical reactions and studies are performed. One of the stations is an optical inspection that requires controllable lighting conditions using an array of LEDs of different types.
The focus is on the generative design of the placement and configuration of the LEDs. The placement of the LEDs has been taken as a studying case for the method of Extremal Optimisation (EO) approach to mechatronic design. This method forms an opposing strategy to methods like genetic algorithms and simulated annealing. This is because it discriminate the individual parts or components of the configuration that underperform in a particular aspect instead of the more classical strategy of favouring good configurations from global measures. The presented study also relates to the class of many-objective optimisation methods (MaOP) and originates from the concept of self-organised criticality (SOC). The characteristics of avalanche barrier crossings in the parameter search space is inherited from such systems.
The test case used for the evaluation places occupying circles onto a quarter ring domain representing LEDs and circuit board. The fluid vessels are represented by lit up small domains that are also approximated by a circular disc. Some conclusion upon the methods capability to form a valid solution are made. A framework for describing a set of local flaw-improvement rules, called D2FI is introduced.
Comparison of Thermal Seed Treatments to Control Snow Mold in Wheat and Loose Smut of Barley
Authors: Bänziger Irene , Kägi Andreas , Vogelgsang Susanne , Klaus Seraina , Hebeisen Thomas , Büttner-Mainik Annette , Sullam Karen E.
Published: February 2022

Due to increasing demands to reduce chemical plant protection products, including prophylactic chemical seed treatments, there is a renewed interest in thermal seed treatments for cereal crops. We carried out contemporary evaluations of various alternative seed treatments for economically relevant cereal diseases in Switzerland. Thermal seed treatments were evaluated for effectiveness against two seed-borne diseases, snow mold (Microdochium spp.) and loose smut of barley (Ustilago nuda), commonly found in Swiss cereal production. Field trials testing seed treatments against Microdochium spp., including M. majus and M. nivale, on wheat were conducted across four growing seasons from 2016/17 to 2019/20 and against U. nuda on barley across three growing seasons from 2016/17 to 2018/19. The foci of these trials were primarily on thermal seed treatments, including steam, hot air, and warm water. Additionally, a Cerall® treatment, based on the microorganism Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain MA 342, was included in two of the trials focusing on Microdochium spp. Steam, warm water, and hot air showed high efficacy against Microdochium spp., while Cerall® showed no disease reduction. In the Microdochium spp. 2018/19 trial, a combination of poor field conditions, low quality seed, and high disease pressure reduced seed germination. The 2019/20 Microdochium spp. field trial, which occurred during less challenging field conditions than those in 2018/19 and included the same seed lot from 2018/19 and a less diseased second lot, showed an improved efficacy of the steam treatments. The warm water treatments were found to be the only effective thermal treatment against U. nuda. Our results demonstrate that the steam treatments more readily affected germination rate in a highly diseased seed lot, while warm water treatments showed limited damage to the seed. Warm water was found to be the most consistently effective thermal treatment against both diseases, and constraints in implementing such a treatment are discussed. If the steam treatment parameters are correctly set to minimize damage to the plant, it offers effective protection against some seed-borne diseases. Overall, the results from this study give more information about effectiveness of alternative seed treatments under various field conditions.
Pregnancy in Patients With Hereditary Angioedema and Normal C1 Inhibitor
Authors: Gabriel Natalia , Marcelino Fernanda , Ferriani Mariana P. L. , Arruda L. Karla , Campos Regis A. , Gonçalves Rozana F. , Chong-Neto Herberto , Rosario Filho Nelson , Valle Solange O. R. , Pesquero Joao B. , Grumach Anete S.
Published: February 2022

Background

HAE with normal C1 inhibitor (HAE-nC1-INH) has been identified as a bradykinin mediated angioedema. Estrogens are one of the main trigger factors. Pregnancy in HAE with C1 inhibitor deficiency showed variable course, however, few reports are available for HAE-nC1-INH. We evaluated the course of pregnancies in women diagnosed with HAE-nC1-INH.

Methods

Women with diagnosis of HAE-nC1-INH according to the following criteria: clinical manifestations similar to HAE-C1-INH, normal biochemical evaluation and family history were included. A questionnaire about pregnancies was applied after consent. Genetic evaluation for known mutations was performed in all patients.

Results

A total of 45 pregnancies occurring in 26 HAE-nC1-INH patients were evaluated (7/26 patients with F12 variant). Spontaneous abortion was reported in 8/45 (17.8%) pregnancies. Onset of attacks started before the pregnancy in 18/26 patients; during the pregnancy in 2/26; and after the pregnancy in 6/26. HAE attacks occurred in 24/37 pregnancies (64,7%): during the 1st trimester in 41.7%; 2nd trimester in 12.5%; 3rd trimester in 20.8%; 1st and 3rd trimesters in 4.2% and during the whole pregnancy in 20.8%. Among 15/18 patients who had attacks before pregnancy, symptoms persisted with worsening in 9/15; improvement in 4/15; no change in 1/15, and no response in 1/15.

Conclusions

The occurrence of abortion in HAE-nC1-INH was similar to the expected for not affected women. The 1st trimester of the pregnancy was more symptomatic for HAE-nC1-INH women. Considering the strong relevance of estrogens in HAE-nC1-INH, pregnancy could worsen the course of disease.
Can Heart Valve Decellularization Be Standardized? A Review of the Parameters Used for the Quality Control of Decellularization Processes
Authors: Naso F. , Gandaglia A.
Published: February 2022

When a tissue or an organ is considered, the attention inevitably falls on the complex and delicate mechanisms regulating the correct interaction of billions of cells that populate it. However, the most critical component for the functionality of specific tissue or organ is not the cell, but the cell-secreted three-dimensional structure known as the extracellular matrix (ECM). Without the presence of an adequate ECM, there would be no optimal support and stimuli for the cellular component to replicate, communicate and interact properly, thus compromising cell dynamics and behaviour and contributing to the loss of tissue-specific cellular phenotype and functions. The limitations of the current bioprosthetic implantable medical devices have led researchers to explore tissue engineering constructs, predominantly using animal tissues as a potentially unlimited source of materials. The high homology of the protein sequences that compose the mammalian ECM, can be exploited to convert a soft animal tissue into a human autologous functional and long-lasting prosthesis ensuring the viability of the cells and maintaining the proper biomechanical function. Decellularization has been shown to be a highly promising technique to generate tissue-specific ECM-derived products for multiple applications, although it might comprise very complex processes that involve the simultaneous use of chemical, biochemical, physical and enzymatic protocols. Several different approaches have been reported in the literature for the treatment of bone, cartilage, adipose, dermal, neural and cardiovascular tissues, as well as skeletal muscle, tendons and gastrointestinal tract matrices. However, most of these reports refer to experimental data. This paper reviews the most common and latest decellularization approaches that have been adopted in cardiovascular tissue engineering. The efficacy of cells removal was specifically reviewed and discussed, together with the parameters that could be used as quality control markers for the evaluation of the effectiveness of decellularization and tissue biocompatibility. The purpose was to provide a panel of parameters that can be shared and taken into consideration by the scientific community to achieve more efficient, comparable, and reliable experimental research results and a faster technology transfer to the market.
Recent Advances in Additive Manufacturing and 3D Bioprinting for Organs-On-A-Chip and Microphysiological Systems
Authors: Rothbauer Mario , Eilenberger Christoph , Spitz Sarah , Bachmann Barbara E. M. , Kratz Sebastian R. A. , Reihs Eva I. , Windhager Reinhard , Toegel Stefan , Ertl Peter
Published: February 2022

The re-creation of physiological cellular microenvironments that truly resemble complex in vivo architectures is the key aspect in the development of advanced in vitro organotypic tissue constructs. Among others, organ-on-a-chip technology has been increasingly used in recent years to create improved models for organs and tissues in human health and disease, because of its ability to provide spatio-temporal control over soluble cues, biophysical signals and biomechanical forces necessary to maintain proper organotypic functions. While media supply and waste removal are controlled by microfluidic channel by a network the formation of tissue-like architectures in designated micro-structured hydrogel compartments is commonly achieved by cellular self-assembly and intrinsic biological reorganization mechanisms. The recent combination of organ-on-a-chip technology with three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and additive manufacturing techniques allows for an unprecedented control over tissue structures with the ability to also generate anisotropic constructs as often seen in in vivo tissue architectures. This review highlights progress made in bioprinting applications for organ-on-a-chip technology, and discusses synergies and limitations between organ-on-a-chip technology and 3D bioprinting in the creation of next generation biomimetic in vitro tissue models.
Development and Prospect of Esophageal Tissue Engineering
Authors: Xu Rui , Fang Xinnan , Wu Shengqian , Wang Yiyin , Zhong Yi , Hou Ruixia , Zhang Libing , Shao Lei , Pang Qian , Zhang Jian , Cui Xiang , Zuo Rongyue , Yao Liwei , Zhu Yabin
Published: February 2022

Currently, patients with esophageal cancer, especially advanced patients, usually use autologous tissue for esophageal alternative therapy. However, an alternative therapy is often accompanied by serious complications such as ischemia and leakage, which seriously affect the prognosis of patients. Tissue engineering has been widely studied as one of the ideal methods for the treatment of esophageal cancer. In view of the complex multi-layer structure of the natural esophagus, how to use the tissue engineering method to design the scaffold with structure and function matching with the natural tissue is the principle that the tissue engineering method must follow. This article will analyze and summarize the construction methods, with or without cells, and repair effects of single-layer scaffold and multi-layer scaffold. Especially in the repair of full-thickness and circumferential esophageal defects, the flexible design method and the binding force between the layers of the scaffold are very important. In short, esophageal tissue engineering technology has broad prospects and plays a more and more important role in the treatment of esophageal diseases.
Enhanced Hemocompatibility of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Photocatalytic Properties of Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Chen Xiao , Dai Sheng , Liu Luying , Liu Peng , Ye Peng , Liao Yuzhen , Zhao Ansha , Yang Ping , Huang Nan , Chen Jiang
Published: February 2022

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used because of their excellent antimicrobial properties. However, the poor hemocompatibility limits the application of AgNPs in blood contact materials. General approaches to improve the hemocompatibility of AgNPs-containing surfaces are to construct barrier layers or co-immobilize anticoagulant biomolecules. But such modification strategies are often cumbersome to prepare and have limited applications. Therefore, this study proposes a simple UV-photo-functionalization strategy to improve the hemocompatibility of AgNPs. We loaded AgNPs onto titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to form a composite nanoparticles (Ag@TiO2NPs). Then, UV treatment was performed to the Ag@TiO2NPs, utilizing the diffusible photo-induced anticoagulant properties of TiO2 nanoparticles to enhance the hemocompatibility of AgNPs. After being deposited onto the PU surface, the photo-functionalized Ag@TiO2NPs coating showed excellent antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria. Besides, In vitro and ex-vivo experiments demonstrated that the photo-functionalized Ag@TiO2NPs coating had desirable hemocompatibility. This modification strategy can provide a new solution idea to improve the hemocompatibility of metal nanoparticles.
Designing Drone Game for Construction Site Inspection
Authors: Lawani Kenneth , Hare Billy , Cameron Iain , Homatash Hamid , Campbell Julie
Published: February 2022

The use of drone technology in the construction sector promises faster and more streamlined working practices. Forward-thinking contractors are investing in digitizing their operations and the use of drones with the capability of providing real-time site information is already a reality. Deploying drones for site inspections can help construction and safety managers avoid placing workers in precarious situations and the ability to quickly gather site aerial data can be invaluable. This study focuses on creating a drone flying game for inspecting a virtual construction site and identifying potential safety hazards. The single-player, user-focused game is built using the Unity game engine for WebGL which renders interactive 3D graphics to be played in modern web browsers without the use of plug-ins. The game’s aim is to give a simulated experience of piloting a drone and using it to identify potential hazards in an active simulated construction site, and educating players of the effectiveness of using drones for this task, without the real-world risk of collision, damage or injury. Preliminary findings from 47 purposive sampled participants revealed that the drone game was engaging; participants found the game intuitive to use and easy to pilot the drone; the hazards and the simulated construction environment were realistic; and the game satisfies the main aim of highlighting the benefits of using drones on a construction site. The target audience for user experience and usability testing are construction and safety managers, construction professionals and students working in the industry. The skills acquired from playing the educational drone game for virtual construction site inspection and monitoring could be successfully applied when flying a real drone on a live construction site. The significance of learning how to fly drones for site inspection during Covid-19 pandemic where workers need to be physically distanced is timely and relevant.
Circular RNA circ0007360 Attenuates Gastric Cancer Progression by Altering the miR-762/IRF7 Axis
Authors: Xing Yawei , Chen Hongxia , Guo Zixiang , Zhou Xiaodong
Published: February 2022

Gastric cancer is a major health burden worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel family of noncoding RNAs that are involved in multiple types of cancers, including gastric cancer. As biological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of the newly identified circRNA circ0007360 have not been investigated, our present study focused on the role of circ0007360 in the progression of gastric cancer. After characterizing circ0007360 as a cytoplasmic circRNA, we revealed the inhibitory effects of circ0007260 on the survival, migration, invasion, and stemness of gastric cancer cells. Subsequently, miR-762 was identified as a direct target microRNA (miRNA) of circ0007360 and was proved to act as a vital downstream transcript to fulfill the tumor-promoting effects in the absence of circ0007360. Furthermore, we demonstrated that interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), which was validated as a target gene of miR-762, serves as an indirect target of circ0007360 to attenuate the progression of gastric cancer. Moreover, in vivo experiments confirmed the potentiation of gastric cancer cell growth and stemness upon depletion of circ0007360. In summary, our results revealed that activation of the circ0007360/miR-762/IRF7 axis is a novel mechanism for the attenuation of gastric cancer progression. Our study unveils the diagnostic and therapeutic values of circ0007360 in patients with gastric cancer.
HIF-1α Regulates Osteogenesis of Periosteum-Derived Stem Cells Under Hypoxia Conditions via Modulating POSTN Expression
Authors: Zhuang Yu , Zhao Zhiyang , Cheng Mengjia , Li Meng , Si Jiawen , Lin Kaili , Yu Hongbo
Published: February 2022

Periosteum is indispensable in bone repair and is an important source of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) for endogenous bone regeneration. However, there are only a few studies about SSCs in periosteum. The craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration is done under the hypoxia microenvironment, in which HIF-1α plays an important role. The effect of HIF-1α on periosteum-derived stem cells (PDSCs) and the mechanisms of PDSCs activation under hypoxia conditions are unknown. In this study, the calvarial bone defect was established, with the periosteum removed or retained. Results show that the bone regeneration was severely impaired in the periosteum removed group. Moreover, pluripotent PDSCs isolated from the periosteum were positive for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers. To determine the role of HIF-1α, the expression of HIF-1α was knocked down in vivo and in vitro, impairing the bone regeneration or osteogenesis of PDSCs. Furthermore, the knockdown of HIF-1α expression also reduced periostin (POSTN) expression, and recombinant POSTN addition partly rescued the osteogenic inhibition. Finally, to explore the mechanism under POSTN activation, the phosphorylation level of the PI3K/AKT pathway was assessed in transfected PDSCs. The phosphorylation level of PI3K and AKT was enhanced with HIF-1α overexpression and inhibited with HIF-1α knockdown, and the addition of PI3K activator or AKT activator could partly rescue POSTN expression. In conclusion, as a potential target to promote bone repair under the hypoxia microenvironment, HIF-1α can regulate the osteogenic differentiation of PDSCs via the PI3K/AKT/POSTN pathway, which lay a solid foundation for periosteum-based craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration.
WNT5A Interacts With FZD5 and LRP5 to Regulate Proliferation and Self-Renewal of Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells
Authors: Li Tianqi , Chan Rachel W.S. , Lee Cheuk-Lun , Chiu Philip C.N. , Li Raymond H.W. , Ng Ernest H.Y. , Yeung William S.B.
Published: February 2022

Endometrial mesenchymal stem-like cells (eMSC) reside in the basal layer of the endometrium and are responsible for cyclic regeneration during the reproductive lives of women. Myometrial cells act as a component of the niche and regulate the stem cell fate through the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling via WNT5A. Since WNT5A-responsive mechanisms on eMSC are still uncertain, we hypothesize that the WNT ligand–WNT5A works to activate WNT/β-catenin signaling through binding to Frizzled receptors (FZDs) and co-receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5). Among the various receptors that have been reported to interact with WNT5A, we found FZD5 abundantly expressed by eMSC when compared to unfractionated stromal cells. Neutralizing the protein expression by using anti-FZD5 antibody suppressed the stimulatory effects on phenotypic expression and the clonogenicity of eMSC in a myometrial cell–eMSC co-culture system as well as in an L-Wnt5a conditioned medium. Gene silencing of FZD5 not only reduced the binding of WNT5A to eMSC but also decreased the TCF/LEF transcriptional activities and expression of active β-catenin. Inhibition of LRP coreceptors with recombinant Dickkopf-1 protein significantly reduced the binding affinity of eMSC to WNT5A as well as the proliferation and self-renewal activity. During postpartum remodeling in mouse endometrium, active β-catenin (ABC) was detected in label-retaining stromal cells (LRSCs), and these ABC+ LRSCs express FZD5 and LRP5, suggesting the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the interaction of WNT5A, FZD5, and LRP5 in regulating the proliferation and self-renewal of eMSC through WNT/β-catenin signaling.
Emerging Roles for Phase Separation of RNA-Binding Proteins in Cellular Pathology of ALS
Authors: Milicevic Katarina , Rankovic Branislava , Andjus Pavle R. , Bataveljic Danijela , Milovanovic Dragomir
Published: February 2022

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is emerging as a major principle for the mesoscale organization of proteins, RNAs, and membrane-bound organelles into biomolecular condensates. These condensates allow for rapid cellular responses to changes in metabolic activities and signaling. Nowhere is this regulation more important than in neurons and glia, where cellular physiology occurs simultaneously on a range of time- and length-scales. In a number of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), misregulation of biomolecular condensates leads to the formation of insoluble aggregates—a pathological hallmark of both sporadic and familial ALS. Here, we summarize how the emerging knowledge about the LLPS of ALS-related proteins corroborates with their aggregation. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to protein aggregation in ALS and how cells respond to these aggregates promises to open new directions for drug development.
Three-Dimensional Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity
Authors: Dietrichs Dorothea , Grimm Daniela , Sahana Jayashree , Melnik Daniela , Corydon Thomas J. , Wehland Markus , Krüger Marcus , Vermeesen Randy , Baselet Bjorn , Baatout Sarah , Hybel Trine Engelbrecht , Kahlert Stefan , Schulz Herbert , Infanger Manfred , Kopp Sascha
Published: February 2022

Prostate cancer metastasis has an enormous impact on the mortality of cancer patients. Factors involved in cancer progression and metastasis are known to be key players in microgravity (µg)-driven three-dimensional (3D) cancer spheroid formation. We investigated PC-3 prostate cancer cells for 30 min, 2, 4 and 24 h on the random positioning machine (RPM), a device simulating µgon Earth. After a 24 h RPM-exposure, the cells could be divided into two groups: one grew as 3D multicellular spheroids (MCS), the other one as adherent monolayer (AD). No signs of apoptosis were visible. Among others, we focused on cytokines involved in the events of metastasis and MCS formation. After 24 h of exposure, in the MCS group we measured an increase inACTB, MSN, COL1A1, LAMA3, FN1, TIMP1, FLT1, EGFR1, IL1A, IL6, CXCL8, andHIF1AmRNA expression, and in the AD group an elevation ofLAMA3, COL1A1, FN1,MMP9,VEGFA, IL6,andCXCL8mRNAs compared to samples subjected to 1 gconditions. Significant downregulations in AD cells were detected in the mRNA levels ofTUBB, KRT8,IL1B, IL7, PIK3CB, AKT1 and MTORafter 24 h. The release of collagen-1α1 and fibronectin protein in the supernatant was decreased, whereas the secretion of IL-6 was elevated in 24 h RPM samples. The secretion of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-7, IL-2, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, laminin, MMP-2, TIMP-1, osteopontin and EGF was not significantly altered after 24 h compared to 1 gconditions. The release of soluble factors was significantly reduced after 2 h (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-7, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, collagen-1α1, MMP-2, osteopontin) and elevated after 4 h (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, TNF-α, laminin) in RPM samples. Taken together, simulated µginduced 3D growth of PC-3 cancer cells combined with a differential expression of the cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, supporting their involvement in growth and progression of prostate cancer cells.
Utilization of 29Si MAS-NMR to Understand Solid State Diffusion in Energy Storage Materials
Authors: Dogan Fulya , Key Baris , Vaughey John T.
Published: February 2022

The properties of many solid-state materials arise from critical interfaces tied to the structure, morphology, and composition of the materials under study. For many materials, identifying components that may be invisible to diffraction techniques or other bulk sensitive techniques (i.e. inductively coupled plasma (ICP)), may cause important information to be overlooked. These can include grain boundary phases, nanoscale coatings, amorphous layers, or second phases that influence the materials environment. In this short review, the use of 29Si MAS NMR as a local probe to detect silicon-containing phases in complex energy storage systems is explored with a focus is on silicon-containing materials and silicon electrodes. Examples highlighting the utility of 29Si MAS NMR include 1) examining copper diffusion into silicon as a method to create 3 dimensional electrodes, 2) using Mg(II) electrolyte additives to create in-situ nanoscale silicide coatings to inhibit low voltage parasitic side reactions and extend calendar life, and 3) studying the lithiation reactions of passivated silicon on different time scales.
Multiplexed Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Detection of Heavy Metals in Water Using Nanocomposites Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes Integrated With a 3D-Printed Flow Cell
Authors: Zhao Guo , Tran Thien-Toan , Modha Sidharth , Sedki Mohammed , Myung Nosang V. , Jassby David , Mulchandani Ashok
Published: February 2022

In this study, we present multiplexed anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs)—As(III), Cd(II), and Pb(II)—using a homemade electrochemical cell consisting of dual working, reference and counter screen-printed electrodes (SPE) on polyimide substrate integrated with a 3D-printed flow cell. Working and counter electrodes were fabricated by the screen-printing of graphite paste while the Ag/AgCl paste was screen-printed as a reference electrode (Ag/AgCl quasi-reference electrode). The working electrodes were modified with (BiO)2CO3-reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-Nafion [(BiO)2CO3-rGO-Nafion] and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4MNPs) decorated Au nanoparticles (AuNPs)-ionic liquid (IL) (Fe3O4-Au-IL) nanocomposites separately to enhance HMIs sensing. Electrochemical detection was achieved using square wave ASV technique. The desired structure of the flow electrochemical cell was optimized by the computational fluid dynamic (CFD). Different experimental parameters for stripping analysis of HMIs were optimized including deposition time, deposition potential and flow rate. The linear range of calibration curves with the sensing nanocomposites modified SPE for the three metal ions was from 0–50 μg/L. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were estimated to be 2.4 μg/L for As(III), 1.2 μg/L for Pb(II) and 0.8 μg/L for Cd(II). Furthermore, the homemade flow anodic stripping sensor platform was used to detect HMIs in simulated river water with a 95–101% recovery, indicating high selectivity and accuracy and great potential for applicability even in complex matrices.
An Enhanced Hybrid Screening Approach to Identify Potent Inhibitors for the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease From the NCI Compound Library
Authors: Li Shuhua G. , Yang Kai S. , Blankenship Lauren R. , Cho Chia-Chuan D. , Xu Shiqing , Wang Hongbin , Liu Wenshe Ray
Published: February 2022

The emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen of COVID-19, have caused a worldwide public health crisis. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is an essential enzyme for the virus and therefore an appealing target for the development of antivirals to treat COVID-19 patients. Recently, many in silico screenings have been performed against the main protease to discover novel hits. However, the actual hit rate of virtual screening is often low, and most of the predicted compounds are false positive hits. In this study, we developed a refined virtual screening strategy that incorporated molecular docking and post-docking filtering based on parameters including molecular weight and surface area, aiming to achieve predictions with fewer false positive hits. We applied this strategy to the NCI library containing 284,176 compounds against Mpro. In vitro potency analyses validated several potent inhibitors and thus confirmed the feasibility of our virtual screening strategy. Overall, The study resulted in several potent hit Mpro inhibitors, in which two inhibitors have IC50 values below 1 μM, that are worth being further optimized and explored. Meanwhile, the refined virtual screen strategy is also applicable to improve general in silico screening hit rates and is useful to accelerate drug discovery for treating COVID-19 and other viral infections.