bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Final Expansion of Plaster
Authors: Kusner W.
Published: November 2010

The onset, duration, rate, and magnitude of setting expansions of one gypsum product were compared under different conditions of restraint. Specimens were set normally or hygroscopically in a mercury bath or in tinfoil- or plastic-lined troughs. The final setting times were the same for all combinations. Both internal and external restraints altered the rates, and thus the magnitude, of expansion during all stages of setting. Conditions affecting the rate of restraint, in decreasing order, were tinfoil, plastic film, and mercury.
Effects of Heat on Oxygen Consumption in Bovine Dental Pulp
Authors: McKercher Theodore C. , Fisher Alton K.
Published: November 2010

Oxygen respiration was studied in bovine pulp slices exposed to temperatures of 50, 55, 80, and 100C. Results indicated that respiration is affected at 50C and destroyed at 55C. The significant but subnormal oxygen consumption measured in tissue heated at 80 and 100C is thought to be caused by autooxidation.
Relationship of Maternal Anxiety to the Behavior of Young Children Undergoing Dental Extraction
Authors: Johnson Ronald , Baldwin Dewitt C.
Published: November 2010

A significant relationship was observed between the behavior of 60 children (3 to 7 years old) undergoing a dental extraction and the anxiety level of their mothers as measured by scores on the Taylor manifest anxiety scale. The results of this investigation indicated that, in this sample, maternal anxiety appears to be a major factor affecting the behavior of young children experiencing dental extraction.
Participation of Vital Dental Pulp in the Distribution of Tetracycline in Dental Tissues
Authors: Antalovska Z. , Lonská V. , Pruchova I.
Published: November 2010

Levels of parenterally injected tetracycline in the blood and dental pulps of rats were compared, and pulp levels were found to be prolonged. Temporary fixation of tetracycline was demonstrated in the dentin walls of the pulp cavities of vital human, canine, and bovine teeth. Prolonged levels in the pulp probably are maintained from this antibiotic deposit.
Dentin Crown Surface of Human Adult Incisor Teeth
Authors: Staley Robert N.
Published: November 2010

One hundred human incisor teeth were decalcified to examine the dentin crown surface, and to compare the dentin surface with the enamel surface. Differences between the two surface topographies reflected the developmental processes of the teeth or were related to the functional roles of the surfaces.
Pinhole Test for Dental Adhesion
Authors: Roydhouse R.H. , Rambosek G.M.
Published: November 2010

By withdrawing a stainless steel pin embedded in a tapered pinhole in a bovine tooth, adhesion values for experimental materials may be measured with acccuracy satisfactory for screening purposes. For some bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate adducts with fillers, forces of 750 to 1,450 psi were recorded.
Specific Area Osseous Effects of X Radiation
Authors: Wuehrmann A.H. , Greer D.F. , Fleming R.D. , Jarrah H.
Published: November 2010

A 0.5-cm diameter X-ray beam of a specified quality, directed at the mandibular molar region of adult male albino rats, was shown to destroy osteocytes in increasing amounts according to the radiation quantity used. The interval between exposure and the time rats were killed for examination appeared irrelevant. Osteocytic death seemed to be a function of exposure time.
Application of Diffraction Gratings to Measurement of Strain of Dental Materials
Authors: Gardner T.V. , Dickson George , Kumpula J.W.
Published: November 2010

Strains occurring on application of loads to small specimens of dental materials were determined by measuring the changes in the angle of the beams of light diffracted from gratings ruled on the specimens. The method gives a rapid response to stress and is effective over very short gauge lengths.
Further Studies on the Relationship of Dietary Fluoride to Fluoride Content of Human Teeth
Authors: Triers D. , Elliott C.G. , Smith M. Doreen
Published: November 2010

Deciduous and young permanent dentin from children in St. John's, Newfoundland, contained more fluoride than did similar Toronto, Ontario, dentin, the difference being attributed to high- and low-fluoride diets, respectively. Conversely, older permanent dentin from people in these areas contained similar amounts of fluoride, perhaps because of earlier poor nutrition in St. John's.
Histochemical Study of Dentin in Gonadectomized Rats
Authors: Bernick Sol
Published: November 2010

Sections of dentin from intact and gonadectomized male and female rats were subjected to various histochemical reactions to determine the changes in the dentin after gonadectomy. The results indicated that there was an alteration in the protein-mucopolysaccharide component of the dentin and in its synthesis or state of aggregation.
Fat Staining in Carious Dentin
Authors: Miller William A.
Published: November 2010

Adjacent ground and decalcified frozen sections of carious human teeth were stained with a variety of fat stains. Superficial localization was considered to be related to bacteria. The localization of stains found deeper in the lesion suggested a change in the peri tubular dentin. Fatty degeneration as previously described did not occur.
Reactions of Powdered Sound Dentin with Several Fluoride Solutions
Authors: Wei Stephen H.Y. , Forbes Warren C.
Published: November 2010

The reactions between solutions of sodium fluoride, acidulated sodium fluoride phosphate, and hydrofluoric acid and powdered dentin produced mainly calcium fluoride and residual hydroxyapatite. Treatment of powdered dentin with a 10% solution of stannous fluoride produced a new crystalline material identical to that previously described. The formation of fluorapatite on hydroxyapatite of powdered dentin could not be detected under the experimental conditions.
Variation in Form of Human Teeth: I. An Anthropologic and Forensic Study of Maxillary Incisors
Authors: Taylor R.M.S.
Published: November 2010

This work examines the relation of morphologic variables to operative procedures and oral health and applies a qualitative analysis of variation to identification of intact or damaged teeth. With additional information deduced from facets of wear and from stain, findings could have forensic significance or assist in identification of accident victims.
Second Premolar Morphologic Trait Similarities in Twins
Authors: Wood Barry F. , Green Larry J.
Published: November 2010

Seven morphologic traits of the mandibular second premolars were compared in 32 pairs of like-sexed twins to determine their value in diagnosing twin zygosity. Homolateral comparisons of the mandibular second premolars were accurate enough to be used as an aid in the diagnosis of monozygosity.
Comparative Cytologic Studies in Patients with Recurrent Aphthae and Leukoplakia
Authors: Bánóczy Jolan , Sallay Kornelia
Published: November 2010

The keratinization of oral mucosa in healthy individuals and in patients with recurrent aphthae or leukoplakia was studied by cytologic methods. On the clinically intact parts of oral mucosa, the minimum number of keratinized cells was found in patients with recurrent aphthae, whereas the maximum number was found in patients with leukoplakia.
Healing of Skin Wounds with Butyl Cyanoacrylate
Authors: Bhaskar Surindar N. , Cutright Duane E.
Published: November 2010

This study on 32 rats was undertaken to determine the effect of butyl cyanoacrylate surface dressing on the healing of skin wounds. Animals which were killed front 0 to 21 days postoperatively showed that use of this adhesive greatly reduces edema, inflarnmatian, and the amount of granulation tissue.
Effectiveness of an Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride-Pumice Prophylactic Paste: A Two-Year Report
Authors: Peterson John K. , Horowitz Herschel S. , Jordan William A. , Pugnier Vincent
Published: November 2010

The cariostatic potentiality of an acidulated phosphate fluoride-pumice prophylactic paste was tested on children in grades 5 through 7 in a fluoridated community and in a nonfluoridated community. Measurements of effectiveness were made by one examiner without the use of radiographs; a second examiner made the measurements with and without the use of radiographs. The only significant differences (<0.05) were found in the nonfluoridated community.
Respiration and Glycolysis in Bovine Dental Pulp
Authors: Fisher Alton K. , Schwabe Christian
Published: November 2010

Successive manometric determinations of oxygen, aerobic carbon dioxide, and anaerobic carbon dioxide quotients for the same samples of bovine dental pulp indicated that glucose depresses the oxygen consumption rate and that respiration depresses the rate of glycolysis. Respiration and glycolysis proceeded at higher rates in dentinogenically active pulp than in inactive pulp. Although the pulp is capable of prominent anaerobic glycolysis, it can be sustained at high levels only with respiratory support.
Effect of Pulpectomy on Dentin Hardness
Authors: Fusayama Takao , Maeda Toshio
Published: November 2010

The effect of pulp removal on dentin hardness was tested on dog teeth. Pulp removal did not decrease the dentin hardness, but it stopped further growth and maturation of younger teeth, resulting in thinner and softer dentin in comparison with that of unoperated teeth. Such an effect was particularly noticeable in coronal portions.
X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Dental Porcelain
Authors: Lehman M.L. , Isard J.O.
Published: November 2010

A method using X-ray diffraction for the detection of crystalline and other constituents of dental porcelains has been described. Six European products were investigated, including the original powders and powders obtained from fused and crushed articles.
Salivary Excretion of Lithium: I. Human Parotid and Submaxillary Secretions
Authors: Spring Kenneth R. , Spirtes Morris A.
Published: November 2010

The concentration of lithium after oral administration in human parotid saliva, submaxillary saliva, and serum was determined; salivary concentrations were several times that of serum. Lithium in unstimulated saliva was directly proportional to serum concentration; lithium in stimulated parotid saliva tended to be a negative function of flow rate.
Salivary Excretion of Lithium: II. Functional Analysis
Authors: Spring Kenneth R. , Spirtes Morris A.
Published: November 2010

Salivary Li+was actively secreted by the cat submaxillary gland, inversely to the rate of flow, at concentrations above serum level. Stop-flow studies indicated ductal secretion of Li+by a HgCl2and ouabain-sensitive mechanism. Salivary secretion of Li+ did not resemble Na+ but was similiar to K+ secretion.
Role of Insulin in Body Growth and the Growth of Salivary and Endocrine Glands in Rats
Authors: Liu Frank T.Y. , Lin Hsien S.
Published: November 2010

Alloxan-induced diabetes in immature rats retarded body growth and growth of salivary and endocrine glands. In mature rats, atrophic changes in salivary glands and weight loss resulted. In proportion to dose levels, insulin treatments prevented the retardation of body growth and growth of salivary and endocrine glands in immature diabetic rats and prevented the defective changes of salivary glands and body weight loss in mature diabetic rats.
Study of Closure of the Embryonic Rat Palate In Vitro with the Effects of Certain Chemicals
Authors: Thompson J.F. , Schweisthal M.R.
Published: November 2010

In organ cultures of rat-palatal processes from 15-day-old embryos, addition of vitamin A or vitamin A with cortisone to the culture medium caused nonfusion and epithelial disruption. Cortisone alone did not show a teratogenic effect; nor did it exaggerate the effect of vitamin A.
Radioisotopic Studies of the Glandular Contribution of Selected B Vitamins in Saliva
Authors: Dreizen Samuel , Hampton John K.
Published: November 2010

Radioisotopes of riboflavin, biotin, and folic acid were parenterally administered to marmosets to determine whether the salivary glands contribute to the vitamin content of saliva. Examination after injection showed that there were measurable amounts of each test vitamin in all samples of pilocarpine-stimulated saliva obtained from the test animals.
The Consequences of Mandibular Incisor Extraction in the Young Mouse: I. Histologic Aspects
Authors: Grewe John M. , Felts William J.L.
Published: November 2010

Mandibular inciscors from young inbred Balb/C mice were extracted to determine effects on growth of the mandible and to ascertain the fate of any odontogenic epithelial remnants. Absence of the incisors resulted in a morphologically altered mandible. Odontogenic epithelial remnants and their products were observed in 20% of the experimental mandibles.
Relationship Between Epithelium and Connective Tissue in Gingival Inflammation
Authors: Levy Barnet M. , Taylor A. Cecil , Bernick Sol
Published: November 2010

Histologic and electron microscopic study of inflamed gingival tissue reveals changes in both the epithelium and the connective tissues. These changes appear to be morphologically related. Although precise mechanisms are not known, there is evidence that a metabolic or chemical change in one of the tissues influences the behavior or metabolism of the other.
The Origin of Collagenase in Periodontal Tissues of Man
Authors: Fullmer Harold M. , Gibson William A. , Lazarus Gerald S. , Bladen Howard A. , Whedon Karen A.
Published: November 2010

Collagenase is produced by both epithelial and connective tissue cells of the human gingiva. Collagenase action was shown through viscometry, acrylamide gel electrophoresis, and electron microscopy. Collagen is cleaved into one-quarter and three-quarter pieces by collagenase derived from human gingiva.
Electron Microscopic and Histochemical Examination of Oral Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interaction (Programmed Cell Death)
Authors: Shapiro B.L. , Sweney L.
Published: November 2010

Oral ectodermal cells that appear to be programmed to die as part of normal embryonic development were studied histochemically and electron microscopically. Cytochemical changes were noted in these and neighboring cells at about the time that key events in their differentiation have been said to occur. It was hypothesized that the transitory appearance of alkaline phosphatase in subjacent mesenchyme and decreased respiration in the ectoderm are crucial events in the differentiation of this cell type.
Mechanisms Controlling Morphogenesis in Developing Teeth
Authors: Fitzgerald Laurence R.
Published: November 2010

The basic controls for morphogenesis of developing teeth arise from the classical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-ribonucleic acid (RNA)-Specific Protein system. A single control system directs formation of the dental arch and initiation of all teeth. Individual control systems direct formation of the crown, roots, and alveolar bone, and determine eruption of the teeth.
Transformation of Odontogenic Epithelium by Polyoma Virus In Vitro
Authors: Main James H.P.
Published: November 2010

Organ cultures of mouse tooth germs were set up with and without polyoma virus and grown on gelatin sponges for up to 50 days. After 21 days, the epithelium in the polyoma-infected cultures proliferated through the sponge while the uninfected epithelium dedifferentiated and did not proliferate.
Bioelectric Properties of the Tooth
Authors: Atkinson H.F. , Parker D.A.S.
Published: November 2010

The normal, or resting, potential that exists between the enamel and soft tissues can be displaced in magnitude and sign by changes in solution concentration and pH. Such displaced potentials return to the resting range. Mouth breathing caused regular variation in the potential across an anterior tooth, which was considered to be associated with pulpal reaction to the cooling effect. The impedance of enamel, dentin, and the whole tooth was determined, and wide variations were found.
A Study of Inorganic Constituents in Dental Plaque
Authors: Grøn P. , Yao K. , Spinelli M.
Published: November 2010

The presence of human enamel did not affect the inorganic composition of plaque grown under standardized conditions on an intraoral device. Only enamel recently topically treated with fluoride increased plaque-fluoride concentrations beyond the average value of 25 ppm dry weight (about a tenth of previously reported values).
Plaque Formation and Implantation of Odontomyces viscosus in Hamsters Fed Different Carbohydrates
Authors: Jordan Harold V. , Keyes Paul H. , Lim Sandra
Published: November 2010

A sucrose diet supported implantation of Odontomyces viscosus and a caries-inducing streptococcus in albino hamsters. Caries and periodontal disease occurred simultaneously when both types of bacteria were implanted. Odontomyces, but not the streptococcus, became implanted in albino hamsters on a starch diet. Glucose and fructose diets also supported implantation of odontomyces and development of periodontal disease in golden hamsters. Caries development was minimal.
A Study of Some Factors Influencing Phagocytosis of Cariogenic Streptococci by Caries-free and Caries-active Individuals
Authors: Shklair I.L. , Rovelstad G.H. , Lamberts B.L.
Published: November 2010

Concentrated parotid saliva from either caries-resistant or caries-active individuals, when tested in vitro, greatly enhanced the phagocytosis of many cariogenic streptococci. The amount of IgA secreted by the parotid glands or found in the whole saliva of both groups was not significantly different.
Microanalysis of Copper-Tin Phases in Dental Amalgam
Authors: Johnson Leonard N. , Asgar Kamal , Peyton Floyd A.
Published: November 2010

An etch resistance phase was found in dental silver amalgam when the amalgam was examined metallographically. This phase was common to the silver alloy ingot as well as to its prepared amalgam. Qualitative electron microprobe technics were used to identify this phase. Quantitative electron microprobe analysis defined it as the η' phase of the copper-tin system or the intermetallic compound Cu6Sn 5.
Experimental Ischemia in Monkeys: III. Histochemical Analysis of Gingival Epithelium
Authors: Itoiz M.E. , Litwack D. , Kennedy J.E. , Zander H.A.
Published: November 2010

Changes in oxidative enzyme and acid phosphatase activity, glycogen, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and lipid were demonstrated by histochemical technics in gingival epithelium of squirrel monkeys after experimental arteriolar occlusion. After 24 hours, glycogen and lipid content increased, and all enzyme activity, except lactic dehydrogenase, was depressed. By 72 hours, enzyme activity associated with the hexose monophosphate shunt was elevated.
In Vitro Effects of Spice Extracts on Acid Formation and Enamel Solubility
Authors: Clarkson Brian H. , Bibby Basil G.
Published: November 2010

Effects of a number of spice extracts on streptococcal acid formation and enamel decalcification were tested in vitro. Of those which produced appreciable reductions, five were tested further to determine the nature of the effective components. Results demonstrated that both inorganic and organic factors play a part in reducing enamel solubility.
Dental Eruption Chronology in Dogs: Deciduous Tooth Gingival Emergence
Authors: Kremenak Charles R.
Published: November 2010

Tooth eruption was studied in 89 suckling, mixed-breed, and purebred canine pups. Average eruption ages for all 28 teeth fell between the 22nd and 34th postnatal days. Males preceded females in eruption of 21 of the teeth. Mean eruption ages for many teeth were slightly earlier and less variable than previously reported for purebred beagles.
Variations in Dental Calculi Composition and Structure
Authors: Rabinowitz Joseph L. , Korostoff Edward , Cohen D. Walter , Orlean Sol
Published: November 2010

Chemical and crystallographic analysis of random samples of dental calculi and dentin obtained from 19 patients showed structural identity or close similarity to the "octa-phosphate" hydroxyapatite crystalline pattern. The organic and inorganic content and composition of the dental calculi were similar.
Autoradiographic Demonstration of DNA Synthesis in Selected Epithelial Tissues in Male Rats
Authors: England Marshall C. , Burke George W.
Published: November 2010

Eleven white male rats received intravenous injections of thymidine -3H at a dose rate of 1 μc/gm body weight. The rats were killed at four-hour intervals over a 24-hour period Epithelial specimens from the hard and soft palate, cheek, skin, and tail were subjected to autoradiography. The results confirm prior data from liquid scintillation studies, which showed a maximal DNA synthesis at 4:30 to 8:45 AM and minimal synthesis at 3:40 to 8:30 PM.
Periodontal Disease and Blood Citrate Levels in Patients with Trisomy 21
Authors: Shapiro S. , Gedalia I. , Hofman A. , Miller M.
Published: November 2010

Elevated blood-citrate levels, poor oral hygiene, and macroglossia were associated with early, severe periodontitis in mongoloids.
Fractionation of Enzymes from Human Dental Plaque Hydrolyzing α-Naphthyl Phosphate
Authors: Paunio I.K.
Published: November 2010

Enzymes of human dental plaque that are capable of hydrolyzing α-naphthyl phosphate were fractioned by means of Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and DEAE-ion exchange chromatography. The results demonstrated the existence of several enzymes in human dental plaque that possessed this hydrolyzing activity.
Histochemical Study of Dentin in Parathyroidectomized Rats
Authors: Bernick Sol
Published: November 2010

Sections of dentin from intact and parathyroidectomized rats were subjected to various histochemical reactions to determine the changes in dentin after parathyroidectomy. The results indicate that there was an alteration in the protein-mucopolysaccharide complex of the organic matrix, resulting in deficient mineralization.
Effect of Coenzyme Q on Blood-Citrate and Calcium Levels and on the Periodontium of Citrated Rats
Authors: Matsumura T. , Kimata M. , Tsunemitsu A. , Akiyoshi M.
Published: November 2010

Severe osteoporosis and some myelofibrosis of the alveolar bone developed in rats fed a citrate diet. The administration of coenzyme Q7 alleviated these histopathologic effects. It was also demonstrated that hypercitricemia with hypercalcemia found in the citrated rats were significantly restored to normal levels by coenzyme Q, administration.
Factors Associated with Linear Hypoplasia of Human Deciduous Incisors
Authors: Sweeney Edward A. , Cabrera Jorge , Urrutia Juan , Mata Leonardo
Published: November 2010

Linear hypoplasia of deciduous maxillary incisors was present in 31 of 73 Guatemalan children 2 to 3 years of age, whose medical histories were followed since birth. The presence of the line seemed to correlate with infections during the first month of life. All children were born with low serum-vitamin A levels.
Crystallographic Evaluation of Enamel from Carious and Noncarious Teeth
Authors: Katz Simon , Beck Carl W. , Muhler Joseph C.
Published: November 2010

Powder X-ray crystallographic study of enamel from a sound and a carious deciduous tooth revealed interesting differences.
Lipids and Fatty Acids in Fossil Teeth
Authors: Das Salil K. , Harris Robert S.
Published: November 2010

Lipids and fatty acids were extracted from eight specimens of fossil teeth that were reliably estimated to be 100,000 to 230,000,000 years old. The kinds and relative amounts of individual fatty acids present in the extract were estimated by gas-liquid chromatography. These ancient teeth were found to be similar to modern animal teeth in lipid and fatty acid content. It is noteworthy that unsaturated fatty acids (ie, oleic and linoleic acids) survived storage in teeth for millions of years.
Clinical Studies of Dental Cements: III. Seven Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cements Used for Temporarily Cementing Completed Restorations
Authors: Gilson T.D. , Myers G.E.
Published: November 2010

Seven zinc oxide-eugenol cements with compressive strengths from 200 psi to 8,000 psi were used for temporarily cementing completed inlays, crowns, and bridges. The effectiveness of each cement in a variety of clinical situations is presented. Cement of 1,000 psi met the requirements of typical clinical cases most frequently. The cements of compressive strength 200, 400, 600, 2,200, and 3,500 psi were required in other clinical cases with sufficient frequency to justify their use.
Acid-Reacting Stains, Softening, and Bacterial Invasion in Human Carious Dentin
Authors: Wirthlin Milton R.
Published: November 2010

This study investigated the relationships of acid-reaction, softening, and bacterial invasion in carious dentin. Softened carious dentin took up methyl red but not lackmoid. The use of methyl red as pH indicator to show acid-reaction in dentin was questioned. Destructive changes before softening were demonstrated with ninhydrin; these changes preceded bacterial invasion.
Effect of Impaired Mastication on the Health of Rats
Authors: Kapur Krishan K. , Okubo James
Published: November 2010

Long-term ingestion of insufficiently masticated food, which resulted from extraction of posterior teeth, was especially detrimental to the health of old male rats. Although gastrointestinal pathology was not seen in most instances, the three rats that showed stomach ulcerations were the rats that had ingested the highest percentages of coarse particles.
Effect of Masticatory Efficiency on the Occurrence of Gastric Distress
Authors: Mumma Richard D. , Quinton Keith
Published: November 2010

A group of 129 hospital patients were categorized according to whether they possessed masticating efficiency, which was represented by the presence or absence of posterior teeth. It was determined by examining the records of their hospital stays that masticating efficiency, as defined, did not significantly affect the occurrence of gastric distress.
Dental Silicate Cements: IX. Decomposition of the Powder
Authors: Wilson Alan D. , Kent Brian E.
Published: November 2010

The initial phase of the reaction between powder and liquid has been investigated. Electrophilic attack by protons in the liquid results in the decomposition of the powdered glass with liberation of cations and fluoride ions. The extent of the attack depends on the degree of acidity of the liquid.
Combined Effect of Trace Elements and Fluorine on Caries
Authors: Curzon M.E.J. , Adkins B.L. , Bibby B.G. , Losee F.L.
Published: November 2010

Caries examinations of 251 children aged 12 to 14, from two Ohio towns that use water supplies with high contents of boron and strontium showed a mean DMFS score of 3.56 compared to a score of 5.54 in a control group of 338 children. Findings suggest that the significantly lower caries prevalence in the former group is related to the boron and strontium content of the water rather than a 0.2 ppm difference in the fluorine level.
Thermogravimetric Examination of Enamel and Dentin
Authors: Holager Jens
Published: November 2010

A new tool was used for qualitative and quantitative examination of some components of human enamel and dentin.
Effect of Fluoride-Containing Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cements on Solubility of Enamel
Authors: Swartz M.L. , Phillips R.W. , Norman R.D.
Published: November 2010

The solubility of intact enamel surface was reduced by contact with zinc oxide-eugenol formulations to which sodium fluoride or stannous fluoride was added. The magnitude of the reduction was comparable to that incurred in enamel in contact with silicate cement. No change in solubility was observed when fluoridefree zinc oxide-eugenol cements were used.
Studies on the Biology of the Periodontium of Marmosets: VIII. The Effect of Folic Acid Deficiency on the Marmoset Oral Mucosa
Authors: Dreizen Samuel , Levy Barnet M. , Bernick Sol
Published: November 2010

Marmoset oral mucosa has been shown to be extremely sensitive to folic acid deficiency induced experimentally by dietary and dietochemical means. Histologically, the most prominent deficiency-related changes were an interference with the maturation of the epithelial cells, impairment of keratinization, and an increased susceptibility to ulceration and secondary infection.
Study of Differences in the Occurrence of Dental Caries in Caucasian and Negro Children
Authors: Littleton Norman W. , Kakehashi Samuel , Fitzgerald Robert J.
Published: November 2010

A difference in dental caries experience between Caucasian and Negro children was investigated in relation to differences in recoveries of specific "caries-inducing" and extracellular polysaccharide-producing streptococci from samples of dental plaque; acidogenic potential of dental plaque; and the ingestion of sweet foods either with or in between regular meals.
Studies in the Design and Analysis of Dental Experiments
Authors: Fertig J.W. , Chilton N.W. , Varma A.A.O.
Published: November 2010

In odontometric studies, root divergence can be expressed in terms of the ratio of the projected root length to the actual root length (cosine) or as the actual angle itself. Since the distribution of the cosines is skewed and the distribution of the angles is rather symmetrical, the angle measurement is preferable. Various types of significance tests with either measurement will generally not differ greatly, because of the insensitive (robust) nature of these tests.
Calcifying Dental Plaque and Reduced Dental Caries in Permanent Molars of Children from Two Guatemalan Villages
Authors: Sutfin Lloyd V. , Sweeney Edward A. , Ascoli Werner
Published: November 2010

This study showed that the presence of calculus and partially calcified dental plaque was associated with a reduction of dental caries of the buccal and lingual surfaces of the mandibular and maxillary first permanent molars in young Guatemalan school-children. Calcified plaques in these areas probably arose from high calcium-containing food deposits.
Studies on the Biology of the Periodontium of Marmosets: IX. Effect of Parathyroid Hormone on the Alveolar Bone of Marmosets Pretreated with Fluoridated and Nonfluoridated Drinking Water
Authors: Levy Barnet M. , Dreizen Samuel , Bernick Sol , Hampton John K.
Published: November 2010

The alveolar bone of the marmoset is exceedingly vulnerable to the resorption induced by excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone. Inclusion of 50 ppm fluoride in the drinking water of the marmosets for five months resulted in a histologically measurable degree of protection against the bone-destroying proclivity of the hormone.
Doubling Time of Labeled Periodontal Cells of Rats
Authors: Toto Patrick D. , Kwan Hseuh-Wan
Published: November 2010

The tritiated thymidine labeled and non-labeled connective-tissue cells in the periodontium of the mesial root of 37 60-day-old rat molars were counted. The doubling time of the labeled cells occurred at the 16 hour interval.
Studies on the Structure of Human Enamel by the Replica Method
Authors: Swancar James R. , Scott David B. , Njemirovskij Zdenko
Published: November 2010

Human incisors were ground and polished at precisely oriented planes and lightly etched. Replicas of these planes showed that the prism border is an acid-resistant band of crystals; decalcification is more extensive at the deeper levels; and the apparent transverse prism section is not a good indicator of the actual plane of section.
Influence of Mercury-to-Alloy Ratios on Line Angle Adaptation of Dental Amalgam
Authors: Simon John F. , Welk Donald A.
Published: November 2010

Adaptation of amalgam to cavity details appears to be influenced by the precondensation content of mercury. Five alloys demonstrated an optimum content of mercury for adaptation, in that mercury content above or below this proportion decreased the adaptation. The optimum content of mercury varied between 51 and 54% and was dependent on the alloy used. A variation in mercury of 3% or less made a significant difference in adaptability for some alloys.
Recalcification of Artificially Decalcified Dentin In Vivo
Authors: Kato Shinichi , Fusayama Takao
Published: November 2010

Cavity floor dentin of dog teeth was artificially decalcified in vivo by acid to investigate recalcification. The first decalcified layer was soft with low calcium content and could be recalcified only slightly by external deposition from saliva or capping. The second layer was decalcified intermediately and could be recalcified to a considerable degree by vital reaction.
Fine Structure of Synovial Lining Cells in the Squamosal-Mandibular Joint of the Rat
Authors: Murnane T.W. , Feagans W.M.
Published: November 2010

This study delineates the fine structural characteristics of the synovial lining cells in the rat squamosal-mandibular joint. The synovial lining contained three types of cells: type A, type B, and fibroblast. The type A and type B cells were identified predominantly in the villus-containing portion of the synovial membrane. Fibroblasts, however, were observed usually as synovial-lining cells along the walls of the joint cavities.
Air Cleaning Devices for Reduction in Number of Airborne Bacteria
Authors: Shreve W.B. , Wachtel L.W. , Pelleu G.B.
Published: November 2010

Air cleaning by electrostatic precipitation or HEPA filtration was evaluated for effectiveness in reducing concentrations of aerosolized Bacillus subtilis spores in a closed space. It was found that air cleaning devices were effective as forced ventilation at the same airflow rate.
Maxillomandibular Ankylosis and Cleft Palate in Rat Embryos
Authors: Nanda Ravindra
Published: November 2010

Balanced embryologic development of the oral structures is vital for the fusion of the secondary palate. A malformation such as maxillomandibular ankylosis created by heterotopic cartilage in embryos of vitamin A-treated rats can lead to a chain of events that results in cleft palate and other malformations.
Purification and Amino Acid Analysis of Human Parotid Saliva Lysozyme
Authors: Iwamoto Yoshifumi , Nakamura Ryo , Watanabe Tatsuo , Tsunemitsu Akira
Published: November 2010

Lysozyme from human parotid saliva was purified to the point where it was judged, by the criteria of ultracentrifugation and disk electrophoresis, to be homogeneous. The parotid lysozyme had a specific activity 3.5 times greater than that of hen egg-white lysozyme and a composition that was different, especially in regard to tyrosine, serine, and glutamic acid content. The molecular weight was determined to be around 14,300. When tryptophan residues were modified with N-bromosuccinamide, no lytic activity was found, which indicates that the tryptophan residues may play an important role in the maintenance of the parotid lysozyme activity.
Chewing Effects on Secretion Rate of Stimulated Human Mixed Saliva
Authors: Louridis Orestes , Demetriou Nikitas , Bazopoulou-Kyrkanides Eut.
Published: November 2010

Chewing rate influences the secretion rate of mixed saliva. This should be considered in clinical experiments involving measurements of the volume of salivary secretions.
Environmental Temperature Effect on the Secretion Rate of "Resting" and Stimulated Human Mixed Saliva
Authors: Louridis Orestes , Demetriou Nikitas , Bazopoulou-Kyrkanides Eut.
Published: November 2010

The "resting," mixed saliva secretion rate increased during low temperatures and decreased during high temperatures occurring during the year.
Influence of Hydrogen Ion Concentration on Oxygen Consumption in Bovine Dental Pulp
Authors: Shalla Clayton L. , Fisher Alton K.
Published: November 2010

Oxygen consumption rates in bovine dental pulp were measured by the Warburg method under varied conditions of hydrogen ion concentration. The pH of the suspending fluid ranged from 5.0 to 8.6. The rate of oxygen consumption was not impaired when the pH remained between 6.2 and 7.5. The rate was higher between pH 6.4 and 7.0 and it was greatest at pH 6.6 and 6.8. Respiration was stopped at pH 5.0 and 8.6.
Incorporation of Fluoride by Human Enamel: I. Solid-State Diffusion Process
Authors: Stearns Robert I.
Published: November 2010

The incorporation of fluoride by human enamel from topical fluoride solutions involves the process of di~usion and is partially governed by Fick's laws of diffusion. Further, the law of mass action applies, and the fluoride within the enamel is partitioned into substitutional and interstitial species. Thus, the phenomenon must be considered from the viewpoint of physical solid-state chemistry to understand it on an atomistic level.
Histochemical Studies of Experimental Heterotopic Calcification Induced by Potassium Permanganate in the Pulp of the Mandibular Incisor of Rabbits
Authors: Okada Hiroaki
Published: November 2010

Heterotopic calcification in the pulp of the mandibular incisor of rabbits was induced by pulpal injection of potassium permanganate. There were similarities in the histochemical and microradiographic properties, in the tubular structures, and in the appositional patterns between dentin and the calcified tissues produced by odontoblastlike cells.
In Vitro Susceptibility of Oral Spirochetes to Metronidazole
Authors: Le Clair Ronald A. , Keetin Lena M.
Published: November 2010

In vitro susceptibility of Borrelia buccalis, Borrelia vincentii, Treponema microdentium, Treponema pallidum, and Treponema reiterii to metronidazole, was ascertained by a tube susceptibility technique. The data obtained confirm and extend the conclusion of previous investigators that under in vitro conditions metronidazole will immobilize spirochetes. It appears that metronidazole will probably be an efficacious agent for the treatment of fusospirochetal infections.
Comparative Effects of a Purified Diet and a Natural Food Stock Ration on the Occurrence of Periodontal Lesions in Thyrotoxic Rats
Authors: Ershoff B.H. , Lal J.B. , Bernick S.
Published: November 2010

Thyrotoxic rats developed severe periodontal disease after a few weeks on a purified diet containing all known nutrients. Lesions did not occur in thyrotoxic rats fed a natural food stock ration nor the purified diet with dietary supplements.
Investigation of Copper-Manganese-Nickel Alloys for Dental Purposes
Authors: Wald F.V. , Cocks F.H.
Published: November 2010

Four alloys of specified composition in the Cu-Mn-Ni system were tested with respect to their casting behavior under dental laboratory conditions and their electrochemical corrosion behavior in solutions of artificial saliva at 37 C. Results of the testing indicated that it is feasible to develop non-noble metal dental casting alloys with melting points in the range of 1,000 C on the basis of the Cu-Mn-Ni system.
Bilateral Asymmetry in Tooth Cusp Occurrence in Human Monozygotic Twins, Dizygotic Twins, and Nontwins
Authors: Staley Robert N. , Green Larry J.
Published: November 2010

Bilateral asymmetry in cusp occurrence of the hypoconulid and seventh cusps on the permanent mandibular first molar and the number of cusps on the mandibular premolars was examined in specimens from monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, and nontwins. Bilateral asymmetry was similar in frequency and displayed no sex or side differences in the three samples.
Pulpal Protection by a Cavity Liner Applied As a Thin Film Beneath Deep Silicate Restorations
Authors: Brännstrom Martin , Nyborg Hilding
Published: November 2010

Before deep silicate restorations were placed in 40 contralateral pairs of permanent premolars, a thin film of a polystyrene liner was applied in one randomly chosen cavity of each pair. The observation periods were one and four weeks. In all but one of the 40 teeth, the liner gave satisfactory protection.
Jet-Injection Technique Applied to Preventive Dentistry
Authors: Johnson Arthur R. , Sognnaes Reidar F.
Published: November 2010

A method developed to demonstrate desirable dispersion patterns of jet-injected solutions is presented.
Radiographically Determined Linear Permanent Tooth Growth from Age 6 Years
Authors: Israel Harry , Lewis Arthur B.
Published: November 2010

Increments of tooth length growth from age 6.0 to 14.0 years are given for four mandibular permanent teeth. Same-sex inter-teeth comparisons and opposite-sex similar tooth comparisons of the semilogarithmic regression curves are also made. Adult tooth length values for canines, first and second premolars, and second molars are given.
Dental Silicate Cements: XIV. Crazing, Cement Properties, and Liquid Composition
Authors: Kent Brian E. , Lewis Brian G. , Wilson Alan D.
Published: November 2010

The relationship of craze resistance to other properties of cements are examined, with particular reference to compressive strength, early hardness, and resistance to aqueous and acid attack. A cement liquid composition that gives a cement with optimum properties is detailed.
Bone Loss and Caries in Rats Infected with Human Streptococci
Authors: Duany Luis F. , Zinner Doran D. , Landy Jerome J.
Published: November 2010

Gnotobiotic rats infected orally with various human cariogenic Streptococcus mutans strains or a Streptococcus salivarius strain exhibited greater alveolar loss of bone than control rats. The same strains also showed considerable differences in their cariogenic activity. There was a positive correlation between the extent of bone loss and carious surfaces.
Solubility of Surface Enamel Treated with Precipitate-Free Aqueous Solutions of Stannous Fluoride
Authors: Lim James K. , Hsieh Joan B.
Published: November 2010

The antisolubility effect of some precipitate-free, dilute aqueous solutions of stannous fluoride against acid demineralization was determined through an in vitro decalcification test on the intact surface enamel of human teeth. Significant decrease in solubility occurred after treatment in spite of the highly reduced concentrations of titratable stannous ions found.
Introduced Articulator Error
Authors: Wirth Carl G. , Aplin Arthur W.
Published: November 2010

Asymmetries in arcon articulators can affect occlusion, depending on articulator adjustment. Ninety articulators were examined and the significance was discussed.
Effect of ACTH and Adrenal Hormones on Cleft Palate Frequency in CD-1 Mice
Authors: Blaustein Frances M. , Feller Raplh , Rosenzweig Sanford
Published: November 2010

Cortisone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone, epinephrine, ACTH, and the vehicle were injected into female CD-1 mice on days 11 to 14 of pregnancy, either intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, or subcutaneously. Cortisone and hydrocortisone significantly increased cleft palate frequency in all three injection routes, and corticosterone increased the frequency only in the intramuscular and subcutaneous routes.
Structure of Zinc Phosphate Dental Cement
Authors: Servais G.E. , Cartz L.
Published: November 2010

The zinc phosphate cement structure consists of excess zinc oxide particles in a non-crystalline, amorphous phosphate matrix. Crystals of hopeite (Zn3(PO4) 2·4H2O) can grow from the cement surface if excess water is present. Extensive pores and surface layers of crystals, which are dependent on moisture conditions, affect the strength and adhesive properties of the cement.
Effects of Sodium Chloride and Sucrose on Caries Activity in Rats
Authors: Esposito E.J.
Published: November 2010

Studies of caries activity in caries-susceptible white rats fed sucrose diets and drinking water that contained sodium chloride suggest that sodium chloride may alter the cariogenicity of sucrose.
New Calcium Phosphate Ceramic Material for Bone and Tooth Implants
Authors: Monroe E.A. , Votava Ward , Bass D.B. , Mullen James Mc
Published: November 2010

Synthetic hydroxyapatite was fabricated into a white translucent polycrystalline ceramic that displays the hardness of natural apatite. The mineral composition of this product after sintering was chiefly dehydrated hydroxyapatite. In addition, a portion of the apatite was converted into α-whitlockite. Because of the similarities among the mineral compositions of bone and teeth and this ceramic, it offers prospects for implant prosthetic devices.
Effect of Sulfate Ions on the Solubility of Human Enamel and Dentin
Authors: Paunio Ilkka K. , Mäkinen Kauko K.
Published: November 2010

The effect of ammonium sulfate on the rate of dissolution of human enamel, dentin, and synthetic hydroxylapatite at different pH values was studied. Ammonium sulfate enhanced the dissolution of all the tested materials. The sulfate ion was responsible for the increase in the solubility of powdered dentin at all tested pH values between 4.2 and 7.4.
Improved Stones for the Construction of Models and Dies
Authors: Combe E.C. , Smith D.C.
Published: November 2010

By the incorporation of lignosulfonates in a dental stone, with other salts when necessary to control the setting time or expansion or both, it has been possible to produce superior model and die materials that are also compatible with dental impression materials.
Comparative Effects of Nutrition on the Bone Density of Dentulous and Edentulous Individuals
Authors: Sommerfeld Robert M.
Published: November 2010

An analysis was made of the diet of individuals grouped according to oral condition. There was no significant difference in their nutritional state as determined by a radiographic bone density study.
Effects of Salivary Proteins on the Adsorption of Cariogenic Streptococci by Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Gaughey Charles Mc , Field Barry D. , Stowell Ellery C.
Published: November 2010

Hydroxyapatite-absorbable salivary proteins decidedly inhibited the hydroxyapatite adsorption of human and hamster cariogenic Streptococcus mutans with a dextran extracellular capsule. The inhibition was due primarily to shielding of the hydroxyapatite surface from the bacteria by absorbed protein rather than shielding of the bacteria from the hydroxyapatite. Materials in saliva other than hydroxyapatite adsorbable salivary proteins did not decidedly affect bacterial adsorption, which probably occurred by adsorption of the dextran capsule.
Ultrastructure and Acid Phosphatase Cytochemistry of Odontoclasts: Effects of Parathyroid Extract
Authors: Freilich Lawrence S.
Published: November 2010

Deciduous teeth extracted from mongrel puppies were decalcified and prepared for electron microscopy. Teeth were extracted before and after administration of parathyroid extract to determine its effects on the fine structure of odontoclasts and the distribution of acid phosphatase activity. Odontoclasts demonstrated cytoplasmic processes entering dentinal tubules, extracellular dense bodies showing acid phosphatase activity, and intracellular localization of this enzyme within digestive vacuoles and the Golgi apparatus. Parathyroid extract apparently affected only the extracellular dense bodies by increasing their number.
Effect of Trimetaphosphate Ions on the Process of Mineralization
Authors: Gonzalez Manuel
Published: November 2010

The effect of trimetaphosphate on mineral deposition was studied. Small concentrations of trimetaphosphate in a calcifying solution slowed the rate of calcium and phosphate deposition onto etched enamel and caused the formation of a solid phase, the chemical composition of which approximated that of hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite. The mechanism of the trimetaphosphate ion effect was due to its accumulation on the enamel mineral surface.
Cell Wall Composition and Enzymology of Lactobacilli
Authors: Williams R.A.D.
Published: November 2010

Cell wall amino acids and carbohydrates, enzyme assays of aldolase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and electrophoretic forms of the latter enzyme were examined in relation to the taxonomy of lactobacilli. It is recommended that the Thermobacterium, Streptobacterium, and Betabacterium subgenera each be divided into two major subgroups.
Accuracy of a Removable Die-Dowel Pin Technique
Authors: Dilts Walter , Podshadley Arlon , Ellison Ernest , Neiman Robert
Published: November 2010

Stone working casts with removable dies with metal dowel pins were constructed from impressions of a master die to sim. ulate a quadrant cast of a three unit fixed partial denture. Measurements indicated that a small horizontal and a greater vertical shift occurred with the repositioned die.