bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Тhe content of calcium and phosphorus in the blood of cows with a different tonus of the autonomic nervous system
Authors: Zhurenko O. V. , Karpovskiy V. I. , Danchuk O. V. , Kravchenko-Dovga Yu. V.
Published: January 2019

Research was conducted on cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white breed of the 2–3 lactation. Tonus of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) of cows was determined using trigeminovagal reflex (TVR). According to the obtained results, an animal was designate as normotonics, sympatheticotoniсs or vagotonics. According to the results of the study of the ANS tonus, 3 experimental groups were formed 4 animals in each. The first group included animals-normotonics, the second – vagotonics, and the third one – sympatheticontics. It was established a tendency of сalcium/hosphorus lower content in the blood of cows during the warm season and higher in the winter (in the range of 3–8%). It should also be noted that there was tendency towards lower calcium content in the blood of vagotonic cows and higher – in sympatheticotoniс animals, regardless of the season. Unlike calcium, the content of phosphorus in the blood of cows significantly depended on the ANS tonus. In particular, the content of this element in the blood of sympatheticotoniс and vagotonic cows in winter was lower by 14.0% (P < 0.001) and 18.3% (P < 0.001), respectively. However, in the summer, this difference became significantly smaller and had character of a trend (at the level of 5.0–7.2%). It has been established that the calcium-phosphorus ratio in cow’s blood did not depend significantly on the ANS tonus or on the season of the year, but a clear trend was established for its lower value in summer, regardless of the ANS tonus. The strength of excitability levels of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system according to the results of the TVR in cows did not significantly limit the phosphorus content in their blood in summer, and calcium in winter (η2x = 0.00–0.019). But in normotonic animals, the ANS tonus significantly affected the calcium-phosphorus ratio – η2x = 0.59 (P < 0.05) and the phosphorus content in their blood – η2x = 0.29 (P < 0.05) in winter. It was established that ANS tonus in sympatheticotonic animals limited the phosphorus content in winter – η2x = 0.35 (P < 0.05) and the calcium-phosphorus ratio as in summer – η2x = 0.29 (P < 0.05) so in winter – η2x = 0.45 (P < 0.05). Whereas in vagotonic cows, the ANS tonus limited the calcium content in the summer – η2x = 0.26 (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis of the ANS tonus index, phosphorus and calcium content in cow’s blood did not establish significant interrelationships depending on the season of the year. However, it should be noted a clear trend of direct correlation of the index of the ANS tonus with the calcium content (r = 0.24–0.35) and the calcium-phosphorus ratio (r = 0.43–44) in the cows’ blood and the reverse one with the phosphorus content in the cows’ blood (r = -0.22–0.30). The data obtained could indicate on the presence of autonomic regulatory mechanisms for the regulation of the content of specific macronutrients in the blood of cows.
Circulating microflora and its resistance to antibacterial medications in the conditions of Farm “Pchani-Denkovich” of Zhydachiv district of Lviv region
Authors: Kisera Ya. V. , Bozhyk L. Ya. , Storchak Yu. G.
Published: January 2019

The importance of the influence of microorganisms on the health of humans and animals is beyond doubt. In recent decades, a large amount of data on the interaction of the flora with the elements of the immune system has been accumulated. Therefore, it is important to identify any hazardous factors that must be prevented or neutralized. One of such factors is the circulating flora of the premises, the organism of the animal, its virulence and resistance to antibacterial drugs. Bacteriological studies included bacteriological culture on the nutrient environment, their identification and the study of antibioticsensitivity. According to the results of bacteriological studies of milk samples, it was found that in 25% of the studied samples Staphylococcus aureus cultures were found in different concentrations. In 4 samples, Proteus vulgaris was detected. Bacteriological studies of vaginal exudate from the cows after calving have shown that they have Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli haemolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus vulgaris, mold fungi of the Aspergillus spp. The studies of the exudate from the nasal passages and the mouthof the calves found that all the tested samples contained Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella pnemoniae and Aspergillus and Candida fungi. The results of calf excrement studies revealed the presence of a number of microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli haemolitica, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter faecalis in different percentages. In determining the sensitivity of isolated cultures to antibacterial drugs, it has been established that Staphylococcus aureus cultures are sensitive to all antibiotics; Proteus vulgaris show resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin; Escherichia coli haemolytica is resistant to ampicillin.
Investigation of stability of intrauterine aerosol preparation “Yodozol”
Authors: Sachuk R. M. , Katsaraba O. A.
Published: January 2019

For standardization, quality control, study of stability and establishment of storage conditions and terms of use, complex preclinical trials of the new development of PE “Biopharm” and the Experimental Station of Epizootology IVM NAAN – aerosol preparation “Yodozol” have been carried out. The methods of evaluation of a medicinal product applied to aerosols are used, which include: determination of changes in appearance, inspection of packaging for leakproofness, measurement of the percentage of contents of the package, the establishment of qualitative and quantitative indicators of active substances, and also the study of microbiological purity of the product. “Yodozol” is a light yellow liquid, 1 ml of which contains 5 mg of iodine and 10 mg of potassium iodide. The drug is used for the prevention and treatment of postnatal intrauterine infections in cows, pigs, sheep and goats (endometritis, pyrometers, cervicitis, vaginitis, delayed digestion caused by microorganisms sensitive to iodine), after obstetrics aid, cesarean section and postpartum sanitation of the uterus. The drug has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, improves the proliferative processes of the genital organs, reduces the time for recovery of animals. The drug is used according to the guidelines, after its production livestock is used without restrictions. The shelf-life, which is the result of the test of the dasg according to the «stability» indicator, has been determined, which was performed under long-term storage in a place protected from light at a temperature range from + 5 ± 2 °С to + 25 ± 2 °С. The studies conducted after 6, 12, 24 and 30 months showed complete compliance of the quality indices with the declared standards when stored for 24 months in the temperature corridor from + 5 °C to + 20 °C. With an increase in storage temperature to + 25 °C or more, a slight quantitative decrease in the concentration of antimicrobial components occurred. In addition, with long-term storage of drugs, release of the contents from the cylinder became uneven and foam acquired a shade less than the saturation rate, increased microbiological contamination. Thus, according to the results of the study, the established shelf life of the preparation is 2 years at the recommended storage temperature from +5 to           +20 °С. All studies conducted on the stability of the aerosol intrauterine drug “Yodozol” were included in the registration materials of the medicinal product.
Comparative assessment of the antigenity of autogenic vaccine against salmonelosis in the RA and RG
Authors: Boiko O. P. , Kurtiak B. M. , Pundiak T. O. , Boiko P. K. , Sen’ O. M. , Romanovyh M. S. , Sobko G. V.
Published: January 2019

The results of the comprehensive approach to the diagnosis, general and special measures for the elimination of the infection center for the outbreak of Salmonella in calves in one of the large dairy farms in the Volyn region are presented. The use of classical diagnostic methods using modern environments and approaches made it possible to isolate and identify two types of Salmonella Typhimurium and S. dublin. Antibiotic therapy of calves for salmonellosis calves was carried out with labeled antibiotics in combination with medicinal products of symptomatic nature. Forced current and final disinfection of cages and whole calf, as well as wicker yards and cows were carried out with a 0.1% solution of the new disinfection preparation “Epydes”, created on the basis of derivatives of polyhexamethylenguanidine (PGMG), at a rate of 0.3 l/m2. For a specific prevention of salmonellosis, we designed our two series of autogenic vaccines from isolated strains of salmonella, the difference between which was the choice of adsorbent. The study of the tension of humoral immunity in cats and calves vaccinated against salmonellosis in agglutination and indirect hemagglutination reactions revealed high levels of antibodies to immunogens that were part of two experimental autopsy series of autogenic vaccines. In this case, the immune response to the antigens of the Tifimurium was higher than that of Dublin antigens. Titres of antibodies from cats and calves vaccinated with a vaccine in which the aerosol was used as an adsorbent were higher than those for a vaccine in which an aluminum hydroxide was used as an adsorbent. The reaction of indirect agglutination showed several times the higher sensitivity to detect salmonella antibodies than the agglutination reaction, which is the basis for recommending it as an immunological method of tension of humoral immunity for animal salmonellosis. The comprehensive approach to diagnosis of disease, modern approaches to the treatment of calves with salmonella, the destruction of the pathogen in the environment and the modern approach to the immunization of the infection, made it possible to improve the economy throughout the year from salmonella caused by two types of salmonella.
The history of the treatment of animals in Lviv
Authors: Prysyazhnyuk V.
Published: January 2019

During the XV – first half of the XVII century, Lviv was the artisan, educational and cultural center of Ukraine due to the fact that it stood at the intersection of major European roads and was a well-known market center for sales, exchange and commodity production in Central and Southern Europe. The first schools for the training of medical specialists were family, that is, family schools. Later, the schools became known as workshops. In the 14th century the workshops were independent higher educational institutions and were not part of the universities, even in Europe, as it was regulated by the statutes of universities. Ukrainian workshops later started out academies and universities and had the attributes of higher educational institutions: statute, flag, seal, ciches, icons, which testified the place and importance of the school (shop) in the life of the country. The prince (king) gave the certificate of the opening of the school. The statute of the work shop was extended to members of the association: a student, an apprentice and a master. Workshops  statutes were legal documents and often were not changed much for centuries. Medieval archival documents of the XIV – first half of the XVII century (workshops statutes, books on current affairs, books of the city authorities) quite fully reflect the Lviv workshop structure not only quantitatively but also professionally. The two oldest statutes of the blacksmith shop in 1529 and 1558 are stored in the Lviv State Historical Archives. In the future, the blacksmiths-conquerors were engaged in the treatment of not only horses but other animals. Particularly in the fight against poisonous animal diseases, they enriched the experience of medical practice, which was passed on to subsequent generations. However, all of these were educational institutions, in which a small number of qualified medical specialists trained, and the majority of the population and animals were served by  healers, bloodshed, blacksmiths, and veterinary doctors. Diagnosis of diseases at that time was based mainly on using only their senses: it was investigated the movement of animals, body temperature, eye color, condition of the tongue, nasal mirror, mouth and nasal cavity, removing sweat, urine, breath, nostrils and so on. In countries that were under the care of Austria, Hungary, Poland and other countries of Western Europe, has acted veterinary service structure of relevant states. Already in the XII – XIII centuries laws have been enacted and the measures were developed, aimed at preventing the emergence and spread of diseases (quarantine disposal of dead animals, compliance with sanitary regulations, etc.). Great attention was paid to protecting people from infectious diseases. Opening of veterinary school and horses forging was the result of the rise of trade and economic, cultural and educational ties in the medieval city, which was contributed to the birth and development of the work shop structure that gave the beginning of a medical case, and later – the birth of veterinary education in Galicia.
Use in the form of mixed complex of copper
Authors: Farionik T. V.
Published: January 2019

In the complete feeding of animals, including pigs, an important role is given to mineral elements, because they take an active part in the metabolism, provide normal conditions for the work of all internal organs, muscles and nervous system. Mineral elements are used by the body of animals as a structural material, they participate in the enzymatic processes of digestion, absorption, synthesis, decomposition, as well as the allocation of metabolic products from the body. Minerals have a positive effect on the activity of enzymes, hormones, vitamins, stabilize acid-alkaline balance and osmotic pressure. They affect the function of hematopoiesis, endocrine glands, protective reactions of the organism, microflora of the digestive tract, participate in protein biosynthesis, strengthen the permeability of cell membranes, etc. The absence or lack of individual mineral elements, as well as the violation of their ratio leads to a reduction in the efficiency of nutrient utilization in the diet and, consequently, to reduce the productivity of animals. Mineral substances account for 4–5% of the body weight of animals, of which 99.6% are on macro-elements, and 0.4% of trace elements. The main source of mineral elements for animals is feed. However, the mineral composition of the latter depends on the biogeochemical zone, type of soils, climatic conditions, plant species, agrochemical measures, collection, storage, preparation for feeding and other factors. When using copper in the form of chelates, a high coefficient of its assimilation is established. In blood, the serum iron content of iron increased and this contributed to a decrease in total and latent iron binding capacity of serum. Copper chelates more intensively stimulate protein synthesizing function, which manifests itself by increasing the content of total protein, albumin and reducing the amount of globulins. Application of micronutrients and their chelate compounds and other biologically active substances has its advantages, the level of assimilation of heavy metals, radionuclides from contaminated feeds and water is reduced, chelate complexes of trace elements easily penetrate through cell membranes, allowing to carry out purposeful influence on exchange substances and energy and to correct the deficit of TE in the relevant biogeochemical zones.
Comparative Haematological and Biochemical Effects of Cocktail Vaccine (DHLPPi) and Abrus precatorius Seed Aqueous Extract on Canine Parvoviral Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Nigerian Local Dogs
Authors: Tion M. T. , Fotina H. A. , Saganuwan A. S.
Published: January 2019

Because of increasing incidence of resistance to infectious microorganisms, immunotherapy has been considered as an alternative/complementary to chemotherapy. More so Abrus precatorius leaf extract has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects in animals. In view of this, comparative haematology and biochemistry of cocktail vaccine (DHLPPi) and Abrus precatorius seed extract (APSE) was studied in rats. Sixteen (16) Nigerian local dogs of both sexes weighing 7.19 ± 0.46 kg, aged 15.44 ± 0.76 weeks old were divided into four groups of 4 each. Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 was administered 1 ml of normal saline (0.9%), APSE (2.72 mg/Kg), APSE (2.72 mg/Kg)+DHLPPi (1 ml) and DHLPPi (1 ml) respectively. Fourteen days after administration of the extract and vaccine, 3 ml of blood sample was collected from each of the dogs for haematology and serum biochemistry. The findings revealed significantly (P < 0.05)decreased packed cell volume, haemoglobin, erythrocytes, neutrophils, leucocytes, platelets and increased monocytes, decreased total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the group administered extract and extract/vaccine. Hence, the extract and extract/DHLPPi vaccine can be used in prevention chronic viral infection of dogs.
Toxicity and Biological Value of Broiler Chicken Meat in case of Feeding the “Aquasan” Acidifier
Authors: Demchyschyn O. V. , Kuhtyn M. D. , Perkiy Yu. B.
Published: January 2019

Employees of the Ternopil Research Station on the basis of organic and inorganic acids created a new liquid acidifier for broiler chickens called the “Aquasan”. It positively affects the preservation, productivity and constant microflora of the digestive tract in chickens. An important indicator of meat is its harmlessness and biological value. The purpose of the paper was to research the toxicity and biological value of chicken meat in case of feeding the stock with the “Aquasan” acidifier. The research was conducted on three groups of chicken broilers of the breed Ross 308–50 heads in each group. The first group of chickens was the control one, and the second group of chickens was fed with 0.1 % solution of the “Aquasan” acidifier from the 27th day of fattening within 10 days (27th–31st and 34th–38th days). The growing period lasted 43 days. Toxico-biological evaluation of chicken meat was carried out by express method using infusorias Tetrachymena pyriformis. Study of toxicity of pectoral and thigh muscles of the chickens have shown that within 24 hours of observing the infusorias, there was no death or inhibition of growth in an environment. Only on the 24th hour of observing in the experimental and control groups, there were infusorias with changes in shape and nature of movement in the amount of 0.1–0.2% cultures. The results of the research indicate that there is no acute and subacute toxicity of broiler meat in case of feeding the Acquasan acidifier. After 96 hours of research, 0.5–0.6 % of dead infusorias was found in samples of pectoral and thigh muscles in both groups. Also, there were infusorias with changes in shape and nature of movement on the 4th day, 0.3–0.4% and 0.2–0.3% respectively. There were no changes in growth of infusorias in the test group. Comparing the results of studies with control samples, it can be noted that the broiler chicken meat does not exhibit chronic toxicity. During 96 hours of research on the toxicity of chicken meat, no significant changes were found in the experimental group. Consequently, chicken meat from broilers grown with the use of “Aquasan” acidifier according to the express method is non-toxic, i.e. harmless for consumption. During the study of biological value of chicken meat, calculation of number of infusorias who grew up on the 4th day in the environment of the research samples of pectoral and thigh muscles, showed a lack of credible changes in their number as compared with the control. The absence of a reliable decrease in the relative biological value of meat indicates the high quality of the broiler chicken product in case of feeding them with the “Aquasan” acidifier.
Mineral status of the organism of copps of different types of high nervous activity
Authors: Kravchenko-Dovga Yu. V. , Karpovskyi V. I. , Danchuk O. V. , Zhurenko O. V.
Published: January 2019

New scientific data on the degree and nature of the effect of force, balance and mobility of cortical processes on the mineral status in the body of cows are given. The experiment was conducted on cows of Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed of second-third lactation of different types of higher nervous activity. Investigations of conditioned-reflex activity were conducted using the modified method of conditional-food reflexes G.V. Parshutina and T.V. Hippolyte. The material for research was blood samples of animals, in which the content of individual macro- and trace elements was determined. It is established that in an animal of a strong, balanced, mobile type of higher nervous activity an optimum content of macroelements in the blood is established. Thus, the content of sodium was 119.3 ± 1.1 mmol/dm3, Kcal – 5.62 ± 0.39 mmol/dm3, phosphorus – 8.38 ± 0.11 mmol/dm3, calcium – 2.22 ± 0.09 mmol/dm3 and magnesium – 0.84 ± 0.02 mmol/dm3. In cows of a strong, balanced inert type of higher nervous activity, the content of phosphorus in the blood is lower by 9.3% (P < 0.01), in animals of a strong unbalanced type, the content of phosphorus and magnesium is less by 7.4–9.6% (P < 0.01) and in cows of weak type the content of Potassium, Phosphorus and Magnesium is lower by 13.3–29.2% (P < 0.001) from the indicator of animals of a strong, balanced, mobile type of higher nervous activity. The microelement status of the cows of a strong, balanced, mobile type of higher nervous activity is characterized by the following their content in the blood: Ferrum – 17.8 ± 0.6 μmol/dm3 Zinc – 20.67 ± 0.95 μmol/dm3 Manganese – 0.84 ± 0.02 μmol/dm3 and Kuprum – 13.28 ± 0.29 μmol/dm3. In blood of strong, balanced, inert and strong unbalanced type, the content of zinc in the blood is lower by 17.1–18.5% (P < 0.001), in animals of weak type the content of Ferum, Zinc, Mangan and Kuprum is less than 8.0–24.6% (P < 0.05–0.001) in accordance with the indices of strong, balanced, mobile type of higher nervous activity.
Clinical and haematological indices of the cows for acute catarrhal-purulent endometritis
Authors: Koreyba L. V.
Published: January 2019

Postpartum inflammatory processes in the genital organs are enough common reason of prolonged symptomatic infertility, which is from 10 to 72% of the total dairy herd of cows and are often registered in the form acute endometritis. The goal of the work was to study non-specific indicators resistance in healthy and illness with catarrhal purulent endometritis of cows. The haematological tests research were carried out during the winter-spring period on cows of four groups, which were formed on the basis of analogues and on the basis of clinical and gynaecological investigations. Presented data regarding special feature of clinical signs of postnatal endometritis in cows. In cows during the puerperal period recorded acute serous of endometritis purulent-catarrhal. The acute catarrhal purulent endometritis causes in cows significant changes in the morphological composition of blood and all investigated units of natural resistance. In illness  cows with compared to healthy ones pregnant cows have had an undoubted increase in haemoglobin content (by 15.4%), the number of eosinophils and  neutrophils which core has rod shape; an increase in the number of leukocytes (by 8.3%) and a decrease in lymphocytes, bactericidal (10.42%) and lysozyme activity of plasma (0.96%) was not reliable. The low index of phagocytic activity for acute postpartum endometritis suggests the inhibition of phagocytosis in the body of illness cows. The acute catarrhal purulent endometritis causes in cows significant changes in the morphological composition of blood and all investigated units natural resistance. The low index of phagocytic activity for such state as acute postpartum endometritis suggests the inhibition of phagocytosis in the body of illness cows. Further work will be focused on the using of indices of non-specific resistance of cows for prediction and correction of inflammatory processes in the uterus.
Histochemical method of diagnosis of mixed pasteurellosis and ascaridosis bird disease
Authors: Plys V. M. , Fotina T. I.
Published: January 2019

For the first time was developed an effective and specific histochemical method for the diagnosis of mixed pasteurellosis and ascaridosis diseases of birds, which can be used in conjunction with bacteriological, serological and helminthocoproscopic studies, and in cases where it is impossible to diagnose serologic methods. The proposed method of histochemical diagnostics can be used for the detection of pasterelo-ascaridium carriers during mixed pasteurellosis and ascaridosis disease of birds. In the birds of the experimental group (clinically diseased bird), the pasteurial antigen in the histological preparations of the organs tissues after the histochemical study looked like local and diffuse clusters of oval and deep form of intense purple color and local clusters of oblong-shaped larvae with the presence of a head and a tail of blue and eggs of light purple color On histological sections of tissues and organs of the control group (clinically healthy bird), such changes were absent. For investigation of the organs of the experimental group (clinically diseased poultry), we have established the following areas of accumulation of pasteurial antigen and larvae and eggs of ascarids: in the heart – observed postponement of the antigen Pasteurella multocida in the form of strips throughout the area of the histological cut along the length of the muscle fibers and the loss of their delineation and fragmentation; in the liver – observed the diffuse location of the Pasteurella multocida antigen throughout the histological section in the lumen of the blood vessels and around them, the Disse spaces, between the hepatocytes; histochemically detected reduction of AsAT – by 84.3% and bilirubin – by 74.5%; in the muscular stomach – there was a diffuse postponement of the pasteurial antigen throughout the histologic section, but the largest accumulation was observed around the fibers of smooth muscle tissue of dark purple; in the spleen – the presence of Pasteurella multocida antigen throughout the histological section around lymphoid clusters, blood vessel walls, and intensive deposition of the antigen were observed around the splenic artery in the form of a deep, intense violet color; in the duodenum – observed diffuse deposition of the Pasteurella multocida antigen across the entire histologic area around the blood vessels, lymphatic follicles, villi of the mucous membrane, between the enterocytes, the mucosal muscle folds, the intramural ganglion nodules in the form of the deep form; Intestinal wall, blood vessels, licorice glands, larvae of ascarid species of Ascaridia galli species were observed blue, around granular grains around the dead larvae; Histochemically, decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase – by 70% and mucin – by 82.4%; in the kidneys – locally observed the presence of a Pasteurella multocida pasteur antigen around the intercellular veins, a capsule of the nephron, a circular oval-shaped distal tubule, a dark violet color; Histochemically, creatinine decreased by 45.4%.
Monitoring of separate elements of the management system for the safety of slaughter products of small cattle
Authors: Gorobey O. M. , Tarasenko L. O. , Khimich M. S. , Piven O. T. , Petrenko O. V. , Matviishyn T. S.
Published: January 2019

The problem of providing the population with food is one of the most important and complex among the problems that society faces today. Food must not only meet the human needs for essential nutrients and energy, but also perform preventive and curative functions. Mutton is one of the foods that meets these requirements. It is distinguished by its high nutritional properties and taste. It can be a potential source of various pathogens and pollutants under certain condition that will pose a risk to the health of the consumer. Monitoring of separate elements of the safety and quality management system of slaughter products of small cattle under the influence of epidemiological (veterinary) factors was the aim of our research. Reporting on veterinary medicine issues in the Tatarbunarsky district of the Odessa region for 2013–2017, which was processed statistically, was the material of our research. It found that the main specific mass of number of small cattle grown in Homstead farms by inhabitants of the area. The district veterinary service carried out a number of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures during the trial period. In the Household farms only mandatory activities were carried out, which are founded from the budget account (serological tests for brucellosis and preventive vaccination against Anthrax). Analysis of the volumes and conditions of slaughter of small cattle in the area showed that the number of slaughtered animals invariably decreases from year to year and 100% of slaughter is carried out by the farmer in the conditions of homestead farms. It was also established that in the experimental period, according to results of pre-slaughter clinical examination of animals and post-slaughter examination no cases of illness were identified. Selling of slaughter products of small cattle is carried out through a distributing facilities of agrofood markets of district and region. The analysis found that all carcasses that entered to the markets succumbed to veterinary-sanitary examination in State Laboratories of Veterinary-Sanitary Examination, the results of which in 2015 and 2016 reveald cases of invasive diseases (fasciolosis and echinococcosis). This fact is worrying about the quality of its conducts in the conditions of the household slaughter, accuming that during the post-slaughter veterinary-sanitary examination no cases of illness have been identified. Summarizing the monitoring results we obtained, we concluded that at this stage the safety management system for the products of slaughter of small cattle cannot fully guarantee consumer safety and requires urgent complex measures to increase efficiency.
Application of means of stimulation of regenerative osteogenesis for complex treatment of dogs with fractures of the limb bones
Authors: Dmitrijev V. S. , Khomyn N. M.
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the issues of the prevalence of fractures in dogs and the methods of treatment of orthopedic diseased animals. It is known that the fractures of the limb bones in them constitute a significant proportion of other surgical diseases. Bone defects occur, for the most part, during injury, removal of bone tumors, etc. Treatment is known to consist in the repositioning and immobilization (consolidation) of bone fractures. There are a number of methods of surgical treatment of injured dogs, including osteosynthesis, which have certain advantages and disadvantages. It is important in treating dogs for fractures to ensure maximum immobilization of the ends of the bones, preventing complications in the form of osteomyelitis, as well as stimulation of osteogenic regeneration. Only such conditions are optimal for the early appearance of regenerates between bony extremities, rapid compensation of acute peripheral blood supply disorders, reduction of traumatic edema, etc. In order to provide resistance to bending, twisting, tension preference are given by the compression technique of extracorporeal deeper osteosynthesis, which creates optimal conditions for healing fractures. Bones are known to actively participate in the metabolic processes of the body, are the main depot of minerals – crystals of hydroxylapatite and amorphous calcium phosphate, which is a labile reserve of calcium and phosphorus ions. To accelerate the regenerative processes of bone fractures, the replacement of bone defects with mineral composite materials is used, which is widely used to replace bone defects and stimulate osteogenic regeneration.
Features of embryo and morphogenesis trichurise eggs of cattle in vitro
Authors: Shevchenko T. S.
Published: January 2019

One of the main factors hampering the development of livestock is the proliferation of a large number of diseases, both contagious and non-contagious etiology. Parasitic diseases of cattle and, in the first place, helminthiasis occupy a significant proportion of the diseases of contagious etiology. The dominant position among the helminthiasis of the digestive organs in ruminants is nematodosis of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular trichyrosis, the economic losses of which consist of a decrease in the productivity of animals due to the development of inflammatory processes in the thick intestine. Trihuris are geoellimits, which are localized predominantly in the blind and colon of the gastrointestinal tract. Females of the parasite lay eggs, which, with fecal animals, are released into the environment, where they are formed and reaches the invasive stage of the larva. Terms of preinvasive development depend on temperature. At a temperature of 30 ° in the eggs of T. ovis, the larva is formed after 17 days, and at 13–17 ° – after 118 days. At 10 º and below, the development of eggs is suspended, but they remain viable for several months. At temperatures above 38 ° the eggs die. According to U. A. Magometbekova (1953), in eggs of T. skrjabini, which parasitized in sheep, at 25–30 ° an invasive larva can be detected in 44–46 days after the eggs enter the environment. Eggs are bad for drying. The results of cultivation of eggs of T. skrjabini, the females of which parasitized in cattle, in vitro at a temperature of 27 ° for 51 days are given. The features of embryo and morphogenesis of eggs of pathogens during cultivation were studied. From the thick intestine of young cattle, by the method of a complete helminthological section by K.I. Scriabin, sexually mature nematodes were isolated, from which female gonads received immature eggs that were cultivated. It was found that at temperatures of 27 °C eggs T. skrjabini, parasitized in the thick intestine of cattle, pass into the stage of invasive larvae from the 27th day and completely stop their development to 51 days. During the period of cultivation, the length of eggs and caps is increased by 2.0 and 20.0%, the width of eggs and caps is reduced by 2.3 and 3.9%, compared to the cultivars. Reduced egg shell thickness by the 27th day of cultivation (by 2.1%) with a subsequent cessation of changes in this index.
Histological and histochemical changes in the dogs liver at poisoning isoniazid
Authors: Kotsyumbas H. I. , Vretsona N. P.
Published: January 2019

The article presents the results of macroscopic, histological and histochemical studies of dogs liver for isoniazid poisoning. The pathoanatomical section of 18 corpses of dogs of all ages and breeds has been carried out, fragments of different parts of the liver have been selected. Liver samples were fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin, Carnoua and Buena liquids. The dewatering in ethanol of increasing concentration was conducted, sealed in paraffin. The sections were made on a microtome MC-2 in the thickness of 7 microns, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to the technique of McManus, Pearles. The produced histoplasts were examined under a light microscope Leica DM 2500 (Switzerland), photocycled by the Leica DFC450C camera using the Leica Application Suite Version 4.4 software. Macroscopically, the liver in all studied corpses of dogs is enlarged, the edges are rounded, inhomogeneously colored (from dark cherry to light brown), loose consistency, a light bloody fluid is secreted on the cut, the structure of the organ is smoothed out. Optically light in the liver of most dogs for isoniazid poisoning noted profound violations of all structures of angioarhitectonics, stroma and parenchyma of the organ. Prevalent non-fibrotic changes in the endothelium, dilatation and deformation of central veins and sinusoidal mesh with the formation of cells filled with blood plasma. The expressed dystrophy and necrobiosis of hepatocytes and Kupferov cells were combined with erythrocyte hemolysis, which was reflected by the deposition of hemosiderin in the cytoplasm of macrophages and bilirubin in hepatocytes. In rare cases, in the liver of poisoned dogs, acute congestive hyperemia, diapedeous hemorrhages in peripartal regions and non-fibrotic changes in hepatocytes were observed. On the basis of conducted morphological studies, it can be argued that derivatives of isoniazid compounds in the dog's organism have a pronounced hepatotoxic effect characterized by a severe violation of blood and lymph microcirculation and all metabolic processes in liver cells, manifested by dystrophic-non-fibrotic processes in the body.
Influence of sulfur complex on hematological indicators of the rabits
Authors: Dychok-Niedzielska A. Z. , Lesyk Y. V.
Published: January 2019

The article presents results on the influence of different amounts of sulfur citrate, manufactured using nanotechnology and sodium sulfate in rabbit diet from 60 to 118 days of age on the hematological parameters of their organism. Studies have been conducted on 30 rabbits of the Hyla hybrid divided into six groups (control and five experimental), 6 animals in each. Animals were kept in regulated microclimate and illumination in mesh cages of 50×120×30 cm. Controlled rabbits fed without restriction a balanced granulated feed with free access to water. The young of the first (E-II), the second (E-II), the third (E-III) and the fourth (E-IV) experimental groups feed the diet of the control group and, during the day, dispensed sulfur citrate from the calculation of 2; 4; 8 and 12 mg S/kg body weight. Rabbits (E-V) of the experimental group fed the diet of the control group and set water with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) in the amount of 40 mg S/kg body weight. In the preparatory period – 60 days and in the experimental period – at 91 and 118 days of life (31 and 58 days of delivery of supplements), blood samples were collected from the regional anterior vein of rabbits for hematological studies performed using an automatic hematologic analyzer (Orphee Mythic-18, Switzerland). Researches have shown that the administration of citrate sulfur in the amount of 8 mg S/kg of body weight was marked by a greater number of red blood cells and leukocytes, respectively, by 13.4 and 23.3% (P < 0.05) and with a higher level of HCT at 16.2% (P < 0.05), MCH, RDV and MCHC, respectively, 11.1; 14.5 and 2.6% (P < 0.05) on day 58 of the experiment compared with the control group. In the blood of animals in the 2nd experimental group, a higher concentration of hemoglobin (Р < 0.05) was observed at 31 days and a higher HCT (Р < 0.05) level was 58 days compared to control. Thus, the results of the study of the hematological parameters of the body of rabbits indicate their positive changes in the actions of the physiologically substantiated amount of organic sulfur, which contributed to the activation of metabolic processes.
To the method of study of preparations that are often used in anesthetic prac-tice for surgical interventions in small animals
Authors: Nazaruk N. V.
Published: January 2019

A review of the literature on the study of medicines that is often used in anesthetic practice for surgical interventions in small animals is made. A large arsenal of pharmacological agents and the possibility of their use in various combinations now allow the use of a variety of anesthetic methods. The choice of the method of anesthesia should correspond, above all, to the patient, as well as the nature and duration of the planned operation. As a matter of fact, an anesthetic method should be used to ensure maximum animal safety. It is known that in order to provide effective anesthesia you need: sleep, muscle relaxation (relaxation of muscles), analgesia (anesthesia). To ensure of these three requirements, a number of preparations are used: propofol, ketamine (dissociative anesthetics: zoletil-tieletamine hydrochloride, zelozepam hydrochloride), alpha-2 antagonists – xylazine (xylan, sedacil, sedazin, meditin), opioids (fentanyl, morphine, butorphanol). The characteristic of preparations propofol, ketamine, medetomedine, butorphanol is given. In view of the foregoing, we conclude that a large number of medicinal products are used in operative interventions in estheological practice. However, it is important to emphasize that only a combination of the above preparations among ourselves can provide effective anesthesia, which will increase the analgesic action, reduce the toxicity of these preparations and faster wound healing and recovery.
Сlinical signs and pathoanatomical changes in the brain for poisoning of domestic turkeys with diazinon
Authors: Dankovych R. S. , Tumanov V. V.
Published: January 2019

For today, the actual problem of veterinary medicine is the poisoning of animals with organophosphorus pesticides, which are used as insecticides and acaricides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides, nematocides. One of the highly effective nonspecific organophosphorus insecticides is diazinon, which enters the body causing poisoning of various species of birds. The basis of the toxic action of diazinon is the ability to block the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. As a result, acetylcholine is accumulated in cholinergic synapses, excessive stimulation of the nerves and muscles is noted, and in the future, a violation of the normal passage of nerve impulses develops. Research was carried out of domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in which spontaneous poisoning with diazinon was recorded. Detailed study of clinical signs that develop as a result of poisoning. The activity of the acetylcholinesterase of the serum of blood in the experimental birds was determined by the method of Hestrin. The section of birds that were killed was carried out by the method of Shore. Sections of organs were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, 96% ethanol and Carnoua liquid. The histo-cuttings were made by means of a stent microtome, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The histological study of the preparations and their photographing was performed using a Leica DM-2500 (Switzerland) microscope, a Leica DFC450C camera and the Leica Application Suite Version 4.4 software. For the production of ultrathin sections, as well as for conducting electron microscopy, pieces of organs were fixed in Millonig’s buffer pH 7,36. Half-thin and ultrathin cuts were made on ultramicrotome LKB-2188 Ultrotome NOVA. The specimens were viewed and photographed in a Tesla BS-500 transmissive electron microscope, at an accelerating voltage of 60, 90 kV. In the pathoanatomical study, expressed discirculatory processes in the form of acute congestive hyperemia, stasis, perivascular edema and hemorrhages, as well as necrotic changes in cardiomyces, hepatocytes, nephrocytes and brain neurons. An electron microscopic study also found destruction of synapses in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. When autopsy selected material (feed the masses crop of birds) for chemical-toxicological research. As a result the research the extract of selected content crop of birds by the method of thin-layer chromatography paper manifestation of iodine bismuth quality received positive reaction on the compound diazinon.
El territorio de Chile en la poesía épica del siglo XVI: un imaginario sobre los desafíos de la conquista de Arauco
Authors: Huidobro Salazar María Gabriela
Published: January 2019

El artículo tiene como objetivo revisar y analizar los pasajes referentes al territorio chileno en los poemas épicos que cantaron la Guerra de Arauco en el siglo XVI. Aun cuando su argumento central consistió en los acontecimientos bélicos, algunos pasajes dieron cabida a la descripción del espacio como un paisaje épico. Así como se demostrará, su representación no solo se configuró atendiendo a las condiciones fisonómicas del territorio, sino también a los recursos literarios propios de la epopeya que caracterizaron al sur de Chile como un escenario desafiante y peligroso, espacio histórico y a la vez literario, representativo de la condición heroica e indomable del Reino de Chile.
Metadrama: reescrituras y falsificaciones en Shakespeare, Barrales y Radrigán
Authors: Brncić Becker Carolina
Published: January 2019

Este artículo aborda dos reescrituras de William Shakespeare en la dramaturgia chilena actual, Shakespeare falsificado: reconstrucción falsificada de un manuscrito censurado (2011) de Luis Barrales y La Tempestad (2015) de Juan Radrigán. Para ello propone la reescritura como ejercicio metadramático, un gesto consciente, dramático y político, que busca dialogar y discutir con el original, inscribiendo la nueva perspectiva autorial en el continuum de la tradición cultural. Dentro de este enfoque, el trabajo expone, en primer lugar, las características de la dramaturgia renacentista inglesa como una praxis híbrida, colaborativa, refundidora y política.  Luego, caracteriza ambas reescrituras como prácticas que muestran la vigencia y continuación de un canon cultural, literario y dramático, por medio de las distintas modulaciones que se imprimen desde estas nuevas voces. Asimismo, las perspectivas de Barrales y Radrigán se exhiben como gestos políticos expresados hacia sus contextos.
La constatación del vacío de investigación en Humanidades: su variación en tesis y artículos de investigación
Authors: Meza Pulina , Nascimiento Augusto
Published: January 2019

En este trabajo presentamos una clasificación de las fuentes de procedencia y las estrategias que utilizan los autores de tesis y artículos de investigación para constatar el vacío de la investigación en Humanidades. A partir de un estudio cualitativo, propusimos como objetivo determinar la variación de este acto comunicativo en Tesis y en Artículos de Investigación en Humanidades. A partir del análisis del corpus, los resultados muestran que la constatación del vacío se realiza en ambos géneros, aunque es mucho más prominente en las Tesis, presumiblemente por su carácter evaluativo. Así también, independientemente del género, lo más frecuente es presentar un vacío propio (sin hacer referencia a otras fuentes). Por último, los datos evidencian que las estrategias específicas para constatar el vacío de investigación en Humanidades no son las mismas en los dos géneros analizados.
Estrategias ficcionales en el documental contemporáneo en primera persona
Authors: Villegas Vélez Álvaro Andrés
Published: January 2019

El documental ha sido tradicionalmente una práctica cinematográfica tremendamente compleja y problemática, en tanto basa su autoridad en presentar el “mundo histórico”, al tiempo que es claro que ha recurrido a diversas estrategias ficcionales. En este contexto, este artículo reflexiona acerca de estas estrategias y su uso en tres documentales contemporáneos: Los rubios, Vals con Bashir y La imagen perdida. La hipótesis de trabajo plantea que el reconocimiento de la fragmentación de la subjetividad y la fragilidad de la memoria hacen necesaria la inclusión de diversas estrategias como el escamoteo de las expectativas de los espectadores, el uso de imágenes animadas y las múltiples disyunciones entre voz, imagen y autoría.
TUCÍDIDES. Por la razón o la fuerza. Introducción, traducción y notas de Roberto Torretti. Santiago: Ediciones Tácitas-Colección. 2017, 249 pp.
Authors: Donoso Johnson Paulo
Published: January 2019

El presente libro se enmarca dentro de ciertas traducciones del griego antiguo al castellano, publicadas por Ediciones Tácitas. Este libro es la segunda traducción de Tucídides que presenta la mencionada editorial. La primera fue el Discurso Fúnebre de Pericles, a cargo de Antonio Arbea (2012).