bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota composition of the isopod Ligia in South Korea exposed to expanded polystyrene pollution
Authors: Lee Young-Mi , Choi Kwang-Min , Mun Seong Hee , Yoo Je-Won , Jung Jee-Hyun
Published: August 2024

Plastics pose a considerable challenge to aquatic ecosystems because of their increasing global usage and non-biodegradable properties. Coastal plastic debris can persist in ecosystems; however, its effects on resident organisms remain unclear. A metagenomic analysis of the isopoda Ligia, collected from clean (Nae-do, ND) and plastic-contaminated sites (Maemul-do, MD) in South Korea, was conducted to clarify the effects of microplastic contamination on the gut microbiota. Ligia gut microbiota’s total operational taxonomic units were higher in ND than in MD. Alpha diversity did not differ significantly between the two Ligia gut microbial communities collected from ND and MD, although richness (Observed species) was lower in MD than in ND. Proteobacteria (67.47%, ND; 57.30%, MD) and Bacteroidetes (13.63%, ND; 20.76%, MD) were the most abundant phyla found at both sites. Significant different genera in Ligia from EPS-polluted sites were observed. Functional gene analysis revealed that 19 plastic degradation-related genes, including those encoding hydrogenase, esterase, and carboxylesterase, were present in the gut microbes of Ligia from MD, indicating the potential role of the Ligia gut microbiota in plastic degradation. This study provides the first comparative field evidence of the gut microbiota dynamics of plastic detritus consumers in marine ecosystems.
Effect of utilizing either a self-reported questionnaire or administrative data alone or in combination on the findings of a randomized controlled trial of the long-term effects of antenatal corticosteroids
Authors: Shahbaz Mohammad , Harding Jane E. , Milne Barry , Walters Anthony , von Randow Martin , Gamble Greg D. ,   for the ANCHOR Study Group
Published: August 2024

Introduction

A combination of self-reported questionnaire and administrative data could potentially enhance ascertainment of outcomes and alleviate the limitations of both in follow up studies. However, it is uncertain how access to only one of these data sources to assess outcomes impact study findings. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the study findings would be altered if the outcomes were assessed by different data sources alone or in combination.

Methods

At 50-year follow-up of participants in a randomized trial, we assessed the effect of antenatal betamethasone exposure on the diagnosis of diabetes, pre-diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, mental health disorders, and asthma using a self-reported questionnaire, administrative data, a combination of both, or any data source, with or without adjudication by an expert panel of five clinicians. Differences between relative risks derived from each data source were calculated using the Bland-Altman approach.

Results

There were 424 participants (46% of those eligible, aged 49 years, SD 1, 50% male). There were no differences in study outcomes between participants exposed to betamethasone and those exposed to placebo when the outcomes were assessed using different data sources. When compared to the study findings determined using adjudicated outcomes, the mean difference (limits of agreement) in relative risks derived from other data sources were: self-reported questionnaires 0.02 (-0.35 to 0.40), administrative data 0.06 (-0.32 to 0.44), both questionnaire and administrative data 0.01 (-0.41 to 0.43), and any data source, 0.01 (-0.08 to 0.10).

Conclusion

Utilizing a self-reported questionnaire, administrative data, both questionnaire and administrative data, or any of these sources for assessing study outcomes had no impact on the study findings compared with when study outcomes were assessed using adjudicated outcomes.
Genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of three local chicken ecotypes of Ghana based on principal component analysis and body measurements
Authors: Botchway Princess K. , Amuzu-Aweh Esinam N. , Naazie Augustine , Aning George K. , Otsyina Hope R. , Saelao Perot , Wang Ying , Zhou Huaijun , Dekkers Jack C. M. , Lamont Sue J. , Gallardo Rodrigo A. , Kelly Terra R. , Bunn David , Kayang Boniface B.
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to characterise three Ghanaian local chicken ecotypes, namely, Interior Savannah, Forest, and Coastal Savannah, based on morphological data and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. Morphological data including body weight, shank length, body girth, back length, thigh length, beak length, comb length, and wattle length were collected from 250 local chickens. DNA isolated from blood of 1,440 local chickens was used for SNP genotyping with the Affymetrix chicken 600k SNP chip. Principal component analysis showed that Forest and Coastal Savannah birds were closely related. Generally, all three ecotypes exhibited high genetic diversity, especially birds from the Interior Savannah zone. Morphological characterisation showed that ecotype (p = 0.016) and sex (p = 0.000) had significant effects on body weight. Birds of the Interior Savannah ecotype were the heaviest (p = 0.004), with mean weights of 1.23 kg for females and 1.40 kg for males. Sex also had a strong significant effect on most of the morphological measurements, but the sex * ecotype interaction effect was not significant. Very few of the feather phenotypes previously reported to be associated with heat resistance–frizzle (2%) and naked neck (1.6%)–were found in the studied populations. It is concluded that the three local ecotypes are genetically diverse but with similar morphological features and the information provided would be useful for future selection decisions.
The alteration of LBX1 expression is associated with changes in parameters related to energy metabolism in mice
Authors: Nakagawa Takahiro , Horiuchi Keisuke , Kagami Kazuki , Kondo Shinya , Isaji Masashi , Matsuhashi Yusuke , Kitamura Kazuya , Adachi Takeshi , Chiba Kazuhiro
Published: August 2024

The LBX1 gene is located near a single nucleotide polymorphism that is highly associated with susceptibility to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and is considered one of the strongest candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. We have previously found that loss of LBX1 from skeletal muscle results not only in spinal deformity but also in lean body mass, suggesting a potential role for LBX1 in energy metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to test this hypothesis by analyzing the phenotype of mice lacking LBX1 in skeletal muscle with a focus on energy metabolism. We found that loss of LBX1 rendered mice more resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity, despite comparable food intake between mutant and control mice. Notably, the mutant mice exhibited improved glucose tolerance, increased maximal aerobic capacity, and higher core body temperature compared to control mice. In addition, we found that overexpression of LBX1 decreased glucose uptake in cultured cells. Taken together, our data show that LBX1 functions as a negative regulator of energy metabolism and that loss of LBX1 from skeletal muscle increases systemic energy expenditure resulting in lean body mass. The present study thus suggests a potential association between LBX1 dysfunction and lean body mass in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
Influence of ground motion parameters on seismic response of a large-longitudinal-slope and small-radius curved girder bridge
Authors: Qian Shenchun , Cheng Tao , Mao Lei , Zhang Xiaoxin , Hu Zhangliang
Published: August 2024

The mechanical performance of curved bridges under the action of an earthquake is complex. To obtain the influence of seismic parameters on the seismic response of curved girder bridges, this paper relies on a large slope small-radius curved steel box girder bridge (LSCGB) and selects seismic wave incidence angle, vertical component of ground motion, and site category as seismic parameters to carry out nonlinear time history analysis. Based on the analysis results of the case bridge, it is shown that the torsional vibration of the first 10 modes of LSCGB is significant, the modes are dispersed, and the contribution of high-order modes of vibration cannot be ignored. The most unfavorable seismic wave incidence angle is in the direction of 45°∼60° counterclockwise Angle from the central connection line of Pier No. 1 and Pier No. 4 of the bridge. The seismic response of the curved bridge components increases with the vertical seismic intensity, and the influence on displacement responses is more significant. The basic vibration period of curved girder bridges built on soft soil sites is extended by approximately 18.23%, and the seismic response of key components increases with the softening of the site soil. Therefore, when analyzing the seismic response of LSCGBs, the influence of vertical component of ground motion and site category should not be ignored.
The lure of decentralized social media: Extending the UTAUT model for understanding users’ adoption of blockchain-based social media
Authors: Gruzd Anatoliy , Saiphoo Alyssa , Mai Philip
Published: August 2024

The study uses 31 semi-structured interviews to explore users’ motivations for adopting and using blockchain-based social media (BSM) platforms. The objective of the study is twofold—to collect empirical data on early adopters of BSM and to test the applicability of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model for explaining why some users are choosing BSM over mainstream social media (MSM) platforms. Manual content analysis of the interviews reveals that users are initially drawn to BSM due to social influence and financial incentives, but they continue to use it mainly because of the sense of community they experience. We also find that the steep learning curve, the absence of content moderation, as well as security and privacy concerns hinder the widespread adoption of these platforms. From the theoretical side, although the UTAUT model is generally suitable for examining why individuals use BSM, we suggest integrating two additional factors into the model: financial incentives and content moderation.
High uptake of sympagic organic matter by benthos on an Arctic outflow shelf
Authors: Cautain Ivan J. , Last Kim S. , Bluhm Bodil A. , Renaud Paul E. , McKee David , Narayanaswamy Bhavani E.
Published: August 2024

On Arctic shelves, benthic food-webs are tightly linked to overlying primary production. In the seasonal ice zone, sympagic (ice-associated) primary production can be a major source of carbon for the benthos on productive inflow shelves. However, the role of sympagic organic matter is less well-understood in food webs of heavily ice-covered, less- productive outflow shelves, such as the northeast Greenland shelf. Highly branched isoprenoid biomarkers (HBIs) were used to track the relative distribution of sympagic and pelagic organic matter in the water column, sediments, and benthic fauna of the northeast Greenland shelf and fjords. Low pelagic HBI presence throughout the study area indicated a generally low production by pelagic diatoms (at the time of sampling). This was reflected in the benthos, as ~90% of their assimilated carbon was estimated to come from sympagic sources, indicating a benthic food-web highly reliant on sympagic production. This reliance was higher in coastal areas than on the open shelf, where the potentially higher pelagic productivity and shallower water on banks likely increased contributions of pelagic organic matter. As declining ice cover and reduced production of fast-sinking ice algae projected for Arctic shelves will likely result in weaker coupling between ice algae and the benthos, with possible consequences for future benthic-community structure and function.
Merkel cell polyomavirus small tumor antigen contributes to immune evasion by interfering with type I interferon signaling
Authors: Ohnezeit Denise , Huang Jiabin , Westerkamp Ute , Brinschwitz Veronika , Schmidt Claudia , Günther Thomas , Czech-Sioli Manja , Weißelberg Samira , Schlemeyer Tabea , Nakel Jacqueline , Mai Julia , Schreiner Sabrina , Schneider Carola , Friedel Caroline C. , Schwanke Hella , Brinkmann Melanie M. , Grundhoff Adam , Fischer Nicole
Published: August 2024

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the causative agent of the majority of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC). The virus has limited coding capacity, with its early viral proteins, large T (LT) and small T (sT), being multifunctional and contributing to infection and transformation. A fundamental difference in early viral gene expression between infection and MCPyV-driven tumorigenesis is the expression of a truncated LT (LTtr) in the tumor. In contrast, sT is expressed in both conditions and contributes significantly to oncogenesis. Here, we identified novel functions of early viral proteins by performing genome-wide transcriptome and chromatin studies in primary human fibroblasts. Due to current limitations in infection and tumorigenesis models, we mimic these conditions by ectopically expressing sT, LT or LTtr, individually or in combination, at different time points. In addition to its known function in cell cycle and inflammation modulation, we reveal a fundamentally new function of sT. We show that sT regulates the type I interferon (IFN) response downstream of the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) by interfering with the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3)-induced interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) response. Expression of sT leads to a reduction in the expression of interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) which is a central component of the ISGF3 complex. We further show that this function of sT is conserved in BKPyV. We provide a first mechanistic understanding of which early viral proteins trigger and control the type I IFN response, which may influence MCPyV infection, persistence and, during MCC progression, regulation of the tumor microenvironment.
Spatiotemporal analysis of a population management intervention for dogs and cats in a municipality in central Mexico
Authors: Galarde-López Miguel , Rosales-Moreno Erika del Rosario , Hernández-Méndez Sandra Elizabeth , Medina-Cháirez Alejandra Rubí , Villavicencio-López Angélica Denisse , Pineda-Mundo Mauricio , Núñez-Ruíz Obed , Reyna-Sevilla Antonio
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: The overpopulation of dogs and cats has generated socioeconomic, political, and animal welfare problems, in addition to an important public health problem, due to the risk of zoonotic diseases. This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal coverage of canine and feline sterilization services provided by a governmental agency in the rural and urban areas of the municipality of Tequisquiapan, Querétaro.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tequisquiapan’s municipality, Querétaro, Mexico, from July 2019 to September 2022. The total number of sterilized dogs and cats was obtained from the monthly records of the Tequisquiapan Animal Health and Welfare Services Center (CESSBA, by its Spanish acronym). The collected information was related to the sterilized animals (species and sex) and their responsible guardians (sex and address). Access to dog and cat sterilization services was assessed using a geographic information system. Kernel density and directional ellipse tools were used to analyze the CESSBA coverage of care. Indicators were estimated to compare magnitudes and changes at the census tract level.

Results: A total of 4,489 animals were sterilized, with n = 2,611 (58%) dogs, of which 1,939 were female and 672 were male. The remaining n = 1,878 animals were cats, representing 42% of the total, with 1,257 females and 621 males. Up to 73% of the sterilized animals were owned by women. The population management of dogs and cats allowed us to increase the territorial coverage from 71.8% in 2019 to 92.3% in 2022. According to the temporal analysis (2019–2022), there was an annual upward trend in the number of sterilizations performed by CESSBA, with a rate of between 55.6 and 94.3 registered sterilizations per 100 inhabited dwellings and between 166.4 and 302.8 registered sterilizations per 1000 inhabitants.

Conclusion: The analysis of the dog and cat sterilization service coverage revealed an upward trend, consisting of an increase in accessibility and participation of responsible caregivers who resided in both urban and rural areas of Tequisquiapan. Although it was not possible to evaluate the impact of the program, the use of georeferenced data and geospatial analysis showed that it can support the control of animal overpopulation.

Keywords: cat, dog, overpopulation, public health, spatiotemporal, sterilization program.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Projectile Impact Angle on Armour Plate Protection Capability
Authors: Pacek Dawid , Badurowicz Przemysław
Published: August 2024

This research manuscript describes the process of degradation of an Armox 600 armour plate during the impact of a 5.56×45 mm SS109 projectile. The creation process of the numerical FEM model of the projectile is presented. The projectile impact angle is set between 15° and 90°, and this phenomenon is investigated via numerical and experimental approaches. The experiment is conducted under the same conditions as the numerical approach to validate the FEM model. The experiments are conducted using a high-speed camera. This research manuscript presents the influence of the projectile impact angle on the degradation of the armour plate and its protection capability for different angles. The results demonstrate the dependence of the transferred energy on the armour plate, speed of the particles after impact, and trace dimensions on the armour plate for different impact angles.
Assessing E-Government Effectiveness
Authors: Ameen Aso Kh. , Kadir Dler H. , Abdullah Dana A. , Maolood Ismail Y. , Khidir Hewir A.
Published: August 2024

In this study, we address the pressing need to improve e-government services by conducting a comprehensive evaluation of document management practices within the Ministry of Higher Education in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Employing structural equation modeling and regression modeling techniques, we assess the effectiveness of key variables using the six factors (digitalization, utility, reliability, efficiency, user satisfaction, and accessibility) under the e-government assessment model. Our findings reveal that user satisfaction and ease of access are pivotal for the success of e-government services, with digitization and efficiency significantly impacting operational effectiveness. Furthermore, it also concerns that without improving the overall user satisfaction, the level of acceptance and use of e-government remains low. High user satisfaction can make a lot of difference in overall engagement besides improving service delivery among organizations. Through insights specific to the Kurdistan Region, we underscore the importance of balancing technical infrastructure with user experience. Our proposed six-factor model offers valuable guidance for policymakers and practitioners globally, aiming to enhance e-government services.
Occupational Stress among Psychiatric Nurses: A Literature Review
Authors: Alaween, Shahd ,   The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan., Alzayyat, Abdulkarim , Odah Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Background: Occupational stress among psychiatric nurses is a well-documented issue in the literature. This research can be regarded as the first recent investigation that offers a comprehensive review of contemporary literature examining occupational stress among psychiatric nurses. Purpose: This study aims to analyze previous research on occupational stress among psychiatric nurses. Methods: Multiple electronic databases were selected as follows: PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL. Proquest, Scopus, and Web of Science. The researchers used different combinations of keywords that mainly incorporate: “occupational stress, psychiatric nurses, and work environment". The studies were included if they were published between 2017 and 2023, and reported in English. This review included a total of twenty-five studies. Results: This review indicated that previous studies have identified various degrees and factors of stress that impact psychiatric nurses. These nurses utilized several coping methods to handle occupational stress, such as being confident in their capabilities and self-assurance. The previous literature also investigated the effects of several stress reduction interventions, such as educational interventions, mindfulness therapy, stress management training programs, and self-care activities. Conclusion: This literature review highlights the significant levels and sources of stress experienced by psychiatric nursing groups. By analyzing research published in different databases about occupational stress, this review provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary findings on the topic. Implications for Nursing: Identification of various levels and sources of stress highlights the need for targeted interventions tailored to the unique stressors experienced by psychiatric nurses. Keywords: Occupational stress, Work environment, Psychiatric nurses, Literature review
The Effect of Pollution Source Distance, Construction, and Behavior of Dug Well Users on Total Coliform Content
Authors: Arifiani Kirana Nurul , Sunarto Sunarto , Rachmawati Siti
Published: August 2024

Dug well is a water source that is located relatively close to the ground surface so it is prone to pollution. This research aims to analyze the effect pollution source distance, construction and behavior of dug well users on total coliform content in Karangturi Village. Data collection was carried out by examining samples of dug well water in the laboratory, observing and measuring well construction, and using questionnaires to measure the behavior of well users. The research results show that 23 (95.8%) wells have a total coliform >0 MPN/100ml and 1 (4.2%) well have a total coliform content of 0 MPN/100ml. Simultaneously (p value=0.106) the variable distance to the pollutant source and partially (p value= 0.998) each livestock pen and septic tank variable do not have a significant influence on the total coliform content. Simultaneous well construction (p value= 0.489) and partially (p value= 0.999) of each well construction variable did not have a significant effect on the total coliform content. The behavioral variable simultaneously (p value= 0.346) and partially the knowledge variable (p value= 1.000), the attitude variable (p value= 0.999), and the attitude variable (p value= 0.999) did not have a significant effect on the total coliform content.
Promoter Methylation of GATA4, WIF1, NTRK1 and Other Selected Tumour Suppressor Genes in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chmelařová Marcela , Dvořáková E. , Špaček J. , Laco J. , Mžik M. , Palička V.
Published: August 2024

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecologic tumours, but the molecular and especially epigenetic events underlying the transformation are poorly understood. Various methylation changes have been identified and show promise as potential cancer biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate promoter methylation of selected tumour suppressor genes in ovarian cancer by comparison with normal ovarian tissue. To search for epigenetic events we used methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification to compare the methylation status of 44 tissue samples of ovarian cancer with 30 control samples. Using a 20% cut-off for methylation, we observed significantly higher methylation in genes NTRK1, GATA4 and WIF1 in the ovarian cancer group compared with the control group. These findings could potentially be used in screening of ovarian cancer, and may have implications for future chemotherapy based on epigenetic changes.
Microfluidic devices to monitor water pollution
Authors: Mousah Rasha Khaleel , Zageer Dheaa Shamekh , Kasar Khawla Abd el kareem
Published: August 2024

Microfluidic devices offer a promising future for monitoring water pollution caused by heavy metals, especially as the world continues to develop and the dangers of pollutants increases. This highlights the importance of developing these devices. These devices operate within the dynamics of fluids and quantify pollutants with numerous advantages, such as high sensitivity and specificity. They can also be integrated with mini sensors alongside analytical techniques. This study provides a brief overview of the types of microfluidic devices, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and microfluidic paper-based (µPADs), and their application in pollutant detection. Microfluidic devices are associated with analytical methods such as spectrometric, colorimetric, and electrochemical techniques. Their importance lies in their simple manufacturing, rapid detection capabilities, and portability. Additionally, these devices can be updated to meet current needs in water pollution detection by integrating various analytical methods and enhancing these methods with programs that provide on-site results. There for microfluidics are currently of great importance due to their ease of manufacturing and applicability to various analytical methods, particularly for detecting pollutants in water. Many studies highlight the extraordinary potential of paper-based devices, which are the easiest to manufacture among all microfluidic devices and are not subject to stringent engineering and physical constraints. Most importantly, they can utilize colorimetric detection methods, providing instant results visible to the naked eye. This study demonstrates these advantages and suggests the potential for expanding their applications in medical, environmental, and biological fields.
Any Sasakian structure is approximated by embeddings into spheres
Authors: Loi Andrea , Placini Giovanni
Published: August 2024

We show that, for any given

q
≥
0

{q\geq 0}

, any Sasakian structure on a closed manifold M is approximated in the

C
q

{C^{{q}}}

-norm by structures induced by CR embeddings into weighted Sasakian spheres. In order to obtain this result, we also strengthen the approximation of an orbifold Kähler form by projectively induced ones given in [J. Ross and R. Thomas,
Weighted projective embeddings, stability of orbifolds, and constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics,
J. Differential Geom. 88 2011, 1, 109–159] in the

C
0

{C^{0}}

-norm to a

C
q

{C^{{q}}}

-approximation.
Existence result for a Steklov problem involving a singular nonlinearity and variable exponents
Authors: Ouerghi Haikel , Ali Khaled Ben , Drissi Amor
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we use the variational method to study some singular Steklov-type problem with variable exponents. More precisely, we use the min-max method in order to prove the existence of a solution to such a problem.
Comparative wood and charcoal anatomy of Manilkara sp.: contribution for market inspections
Authors: Amaral Reis Cibelle , Minini Daniela , da Silva Eliane L. , de Cademartori Pedro Henrique G. , Vidaurre Graziela B. , Morrone Simone R. , de Muñiz Graciela I. B. , Nisgoski Silvana
Published: August 2024

The anatomical description of wood and charcoal for a wide variety of purposes is an essential tool for compiling databases to correctly identify species. This study describes and compares the anatomy of the wood and charcoal of Manilkara sp., collected in a protected area in the Pará state, Brazil. The qualitative anatomical characteristics of the wood, such as diffuse-porosity; vessels in radial multiples; alternate intervessel pits; axial parenchyma in lines or reticulate; rays uniseriate or biseriate, not storied, are corroborated in the literature. Moreover, this work reports the presence of helical thickenings in the vessel elements and possible helical thickenings in fibres in Manilkara. After the carbonization process, there were morphometric changes in the anatomical elements, as an increase in vessel frequency between 23 % and 141 %, and in ray frequency between 2.8 % and 12.9 %; while ray height decreased and ray width increased. Overall, some anatomical variations could be related to, or a result of the interaction between species plasticity, genetics, age and environmental factors. These characteristics enabled the identification of the samples at the genus level and the anatomical description of the wood and charcoal can be useful for forest inspections.
The undervalued league of insulin resistance testing: uncovering their importance
Authors: Rani Komal , Patil Parag , Bharti Prahalad , Kumar Saroj , Prabhala Shailaja
Published: August 2024

Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and several other metabolic diseases are all largely attributed to the problem known as insulin resistance. Diagnosing insulin resistance promptly and accurately is essential for adequately managing and intervening in metabolic disorders. Several diagnostic methods have been developed to assess insulin resistance. However, each method has advantages and disadvantages. The most precise test is the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, which examines the direct impact of insulin on glucose uptake by tissues. However, it is primarily utilized in research due to its complexity and intrusiveness. Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) are the second most used Insulin resistance tests in the clinical setup. These tests are based on measuring the fasting glucose and insulin levels. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), Insulin tolerance test, and the Matsuda Index are further diagnostic procedures that shed light on insulin sensitivity. The improved techniques, such as the insulin suppression test and the minimal model analysis, provide substitutes for unique clinical circumstances. Additionally, including extra measurements with these tests, like waist circumference, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers, can improve the evaluation of insulin resistance. In summary, identifying insulin resistance is essential for the early detection and treatment of various metabolic illnesses. To make educated judgments and improve patient care, healthcare workers should be aware of the different available diagnostic tests and how they are used in each situation. Insulin resistance detection and monitoring will require further study to improve current diagnostic approaches and create novel, less invasive techniques.
Some aspects of 𝜆-weak convergence using difference operator
Authors: Sharma Archana , Kumari Reena , Kumar Vijay
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we introduce generalized difference weak sequence space classes by utilizing the difference operator

Δ
ı
ȷ

\Delta^{\jmath}_{\imath}

and the de la Vallée–Poussin mean, denoted as

[

(
V
,
λ
)

w

,

Δ
ı
ȷ

]

m

[(\mathscr{V},\lambda)_{w},\Delta^{\jmath}_{\imath}]_{m}

for

m
=
0

m=0

, 1, and ∞.
Further, we explore some algebraic and topological properties of these spaces, including their nature as linear, normed, Banach, and BK spaces.
Additionally, we examine properties such as solidity, symmetry, and monotonicity.
Finally, we define and establish some inclusion relations among generalized difference weak statistical convergence, generalized difference weak 𝜆-statistical convergence, and generalized difference weak

[
V
,
λ
]

[\mathscr{V},\lambda]

-convergence.
Anti-hyperlipidemic effects of 500 mg spilanthol (SA3X) supplementation in people with dyslipidemia – a randomized, parallel-group placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Mishra Kumar Guru , Patnaik Nabnita , Pradhan Nihar Ranjan
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Dyslipidemia is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the impact of 500 mg of spilanthol (SA3X) supplementation on lipid profiles in men with dyslipidemia using a randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled design.

Methods

A total of 279 male participants were randomly allocated to one of four groups: SA3X without exercise, placebo without exercise, SA3X with exercise, and placebo with exercise. After a one-month control period, participants received SA3X capsules or placebo for three months. The exercise groups undertook standardized weight-lifting exercises four times weekly. Lipid profiles, biochemical parameters, and anthropometric measurements were monitored throughout and after the intervention.

Results

Both SA3X groups exhibited significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to the placebo groups. By day 90, the SA3X-no-exercise group showed a 16.78 % decrease in TC, while the SA3X-plus-exercise group demonstrated a 52.87 % decrease compared to placebo. Significant reductions in TG and LDL-C were noted at days 60 and 90 (p=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). The SA3X-plus-exercise group also exhibited decreased random blood sugar levels at days 60 and 90 compared to placebo-plus-exercise. Moreover, decreases in C-reactive protein, creatine kinase, and serum creatinine levels were observed.

Conclusions

SA3X supplementation, particularly when combined with exercise, effectively improved lipid profiles and various health markers in men with dyslipidemia. Adverse events, primarily taste disturbance, were mild. These findings suggest SA3X may be a promising adjunctive therapy for managing dyslipidemia, emphasizing its potential cardiovascular health benefits and supporting further investigation.

Trial registration

CTRI/2021/05/033694; May 2021.
Study on Knowledge Graph of Red Cultural Resources from the Perspective of Art Works on the Theme of Cuban Red Revolution History
Authors: Rivero Chávez Amalia Isabel , Su Wencheng , Han Muzhe , Lu Zhangping
Published: August 2024

This research focuses on art works depicting the history of the Cuban Red Revolution as its primary subject. It endeavors to illuminate the narrative of the Cuban Red Revolution by analyzing these art works. Additionally, it aims to create an ontology-based knowledge resource dedicated to the dissemination of Cuban art associated with the Red Revolution. The intention is to systematically organize and visually represent the knowledge embedded in art works that explore the history of the Cuban Red Revolution. The outcome of this research includes a metadata framework, an ontology specifically dedicated to the history of the Cuban Red Revolution, and a knowledge graph. These components collectively provide new insights and perspectives for studying art works themed around the Cuban Red Revolution, positioning them as valuable red cultural resources.
Crystal structure of dichlorido-(1-((3,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole-k1
N)zinc(II), C22H24ZnN12Cl2
Authors: Jin Zhenyu , Zhou Tanpeng , Liu Yanju
Published: August 2024

C22H24ZnN12Cl2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.3494(3) Å, b = 11.1678(3) Å, c = 27.8876(8) Å, β = 92.102(3)°, Z = 4, V = 2598.62(15) Å3, Rgt
(F) = 0.0572, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1535, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of (3S,3′S,4R,4′S)-3′-(furan-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-4′-methyl-3,5,6′,7′-tetrahydro-1H,3′H-4,5′-spirobi[isobenzofuran]-1,1′(4′H)-dione-methanol (1/1), C21H22O7
Authors: Li Shiwei , Fan Min
Published: August 2024

C21H22O7, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 8.3764(2) Å, b = 11.4813(2) Å, c = 19.2394(4) Å, V = 1850.29(7) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0303, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0767, T = 100(2) K.
A Commentary on Nonprofit Policy Development and Reform: The City and County of Denver’s Investment in the Wellbeing of the Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Mahoney Julia , Alston Wil , Seeley Ken
Published: August 2024

Governments and nonprofits partner with one another to provide services, with governments typically the funders of services and nonprofits the deliverers of these services. The City and County of Denver, similar to cities around the country, rely on nonprofits to provide vital services to their communities for a multitude of reasons. For Denver, this is particularly evident in the extensive annual funding that the City and County provides to nonprofits. However, even as they receive government funding for their service delivery, nonprofits regularly report significant challenges in their partnerships with government. This commentary reviews the current state of Denver’s nonprofit sector and its government-nonprofit partnerships, and suggests process and policy recommendations to strengthen the nonprofit sector and its partnerships with government.
Nanoscale synergy: Optimizing energy storage with SnO2 quantum dots on ZnO hexagonal prisms for advanced supercapacitors
Authors: Akkinepally Bhargav , Sri Harisha Bairi , Nadar Nandini Robin , Nazir Muhammad Altaf , Tighezza Ammar M. , Das Himadri Tanaya , Reddy Itheereddi Neelakanta , Shim Jaesool , Choi Dongwhi
Published: August 2024

Electrode materials comprising SnO2 quantum dots embedded within ZnO hexagonal prisms were successfully synthesized for building cost-effective energy-storage devices. Extensive structural and functional characterizations were performed to assess the electrochemical performance of the electrodes. SEM–EDS results confirm a uniform distribution of SnO2 quantum dots across ZnO. The integration of SnO2 quantum dots with ZnO hexagonal prisms markedly improved the electrochemical behavior. The analysis of electrode functionality conducted in a 3 M KOH electrolyte revealed specific capacitances of 949.26 and 700.68 F g⁻1 for SnO2@ZnO and ZnO electrodes, respectively, under a current density of 2 A g⁻1. After undergoing 5,000 cycles at a current density of 15 A g⁻1, the SnO2@ZnO and ZnO electrodes displayed impressive cycling stability, maintaining specific capacitance retention rates of 89.9 and 92.2%, respectively. Additionally, a symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device constructed using the SnO2@ZnO electrode showcased exceptional performance, exhibiting a specific capacitance of 83 F g⁻1 at 1.2 A g⁻1. Impressive power and energy densities were achieved by the device, with values reaching 2,808 and 70.2 W kg⁻1, respectively. Notably, the SnO2@ZnO SSC device maintained a capacity preservation of 75% throughout 5,000 galvanostatic charge–discharge sequences. The outcomes highlight the potential of SnO2@ZnO hexagonal prisms as candidates for energy-storage applications, offering scalability and cost-effectiveness. The proposed approach enhances the electrochemical performance while ensuring affordability, facilitating the creation of effective and financially feasible energy storage solutions.
Analyzing the 3D-MHD flow of a sodium alginate-based nanofluid flow containing alumina nanoparticles over a bi-directional extending sheet using variable porous medium and slip conditions
Authors: Aldhafeeri Anwar Ali
Published: August 2024

The sodium alginate (SA)-based nanofluid flow comprising alumina nanoparticles on a bi-directional extending sheet has many applications, which include thermal management, automotive radiators, industrial heat exchangers, conductive coatings, flexible electronics, electromagnetic shielding, solar panels, etc. A numerical study based on the SA-based nanofluid flow containing alumina nanoparticles over a bi-directional extending sheet in the presence of variable Darcy porous media has not yet been examined. Therefore, this study focuses on numerically investigating the flow behavior of a nanofluid of SA containing nanoparticles of alumina (Al2O3) over a bi-directional extending sheet. The variable Darcy porous media, magnetic field, thermal radiation, and thermal-dependent and space-dependent heat sources are applied to examine heat transfer flow. The velocity and thermal slip conditions have been used in the present model. The model is first shown as partial differential equations and is then converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). A numerical technique called bvp4c MATLAB function is applied to solve the modeled ODEs. The model is validated with previously published results. From the obtained results, it is found that high magnetic factor increases the thermal distribution, skin frictions, and heat transfer rate and reduces the velocity profiles along both directions. The Casson factor reduces the skin friction, heat transfer rate, and velocity profiles along both directions while increasing the thermal distribution. High velocities and temperature distributions of a SA-based nanofluid flow containing alumina nanoparticles are found for the scenario of no-slip condition when matched to the slip condition. It is concluded from the observed results that the percentage increase is higher for the no-slip conditions compared to the slip conditions.
Numerical solution of optimal control problems for linear systems of ordinary differential equations
Authors: Chechkin Ivan G. , Demyanko Kirill V. , Nechepurenko Yuri M.
Published: August 2024

An original numerical matrix algorithm aimed at solving the optimal control problems for linear systems of ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients is proposed. The work of the algorithm is demonstrated with the problem, which consists in generating a given small disturbance of the Poiseuille flow in an infinite duct by blowing and suction through the walls. The costs of creating the leading modes and optimal disturbances are compared, which is of independent interest.
Nitrogen cycle module for INM RAS climate model
Authors: Chernenkov Alexey Yu. , Volodin Evgeny M. , Stepanenko Victor M.
Published: August 2024

Nitrogen is one of the most abundant chemical elements on the Earth and plays an important role in global environmental change. Leading Earth system models include coupled carbon and nitrogen cycle modules of varying complexity, but the INM RAS climate model family has not yet included an explicit N-cycle description. This paper presents a parameterization of the terrestrial N-cycle based on a simplification of the JULES-CN model, adapted for coupled use with the INM-CM land C-cycle module. Numerical simulations were carried out with a standalone carbon cycle model with nitrogen feedback disabled and enabled versions for the period 1850–2100. The simulated global pools show good agreement with results of other models with an implemented N-cycle. Taking into account the N-limitation of the C-cycle, the modelled dynamics of total carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems from 1850 to the mid-20th century is specified.
Two-phase flow simulation algorithm for numerical estimation of relative phase permeability curves of porous materials
Authors: Khachkova Tatyana S. , Lisitsa Vadim V. , Gondul Elena A. , Prokhorov Dmiriy I. , Kostin Viktor I.
Published: August 2024

The paper presents an algorithm for three-dimensional modelling of two-phase flows on the scale of pore size order for numerical evaluation of relative phase permeability curves of porous materials. Such an evaluation is performed based on the results of numerical simulation of primary drainage with subsequent waterflooding. In this case, models of porous materials based on three-dimensional tomographic images of rocks are used. The simulation of the flow considers the Stokes equation and the Cahn–Hilliard equation for modelling phase transfer, which allows us to determine phases using the concentration function. The combination of the phase field method and finite difference method makes it possible to correctly take into account the contact angle and stably calculate surface tension forces in domains with complex topology.
Low-Load Resistance Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction Versus High-Load Resistance Exercise on Hamstring Muscle Adaptations in Recreationally Trained Men
Authors: Kamiş Okan , Gürses V. Volkan , Şendur H. Nahit , Altunsoy Mustafa , Pekel H. Ahmet , Yıldırım Erkan , Aydos Latif
Published: August 2024

Kamiş, O, Gürses, VV, Şendur, HN, Altunsoy, M, Pekel, HA, Yıldırım, E, and Aydos, L. Low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction vs. high-load resistance exercise on hamstring muscle adaptations in recreationally trained men. J Strength Cond Res 38(10): e541–e552, 2024—Low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR-RE) has been suggested as a viable alternative exercise for traditional high-load resistance exercise (HL-RE). However, very little is known about hamstring muscle thickness, stiffness, and strength after BFR-RE. This study aimed to compare the effects of 6 weeks of BFR-RE and HL-RE on hamstring muscle thickness, stiffness, and strength. Twenty-nine recreationally trained men were pair matched and randomly assigned to the BFR-RE (n = 15) and HL-RE (n = 14) groups. The BFR-RE groups performed bilateral lying leg curl exercise (30-15-15-15 reps, 30-second rest between the sets, 30% 1RM) with BFR cuffs (60% of limb occlusion pressure), whereas HL-RE performed the same exercise (3 × 12 reps, 90-second rest between the sets, 70% 1RM) without BFR cuffs. Hamstring muscle thickness, muscle stiffness, isokinetic muscle strength, and 1RM were assessed at baseline and follow-up after completing a 6-week resistance exercise program (3× a week). Hamstring muscle thickness was assessed by ultrasonography, whereas muscle stiffness was evaluated by shear wave elastography. Isokinetic dynamometry and a 1RM strength test were used to determine muscular strength before and after the exercise program. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. No significant effect was found for hamstring muscle strength, thickness, and stiffness for group and group × time interaction, and only a significant main effect of time (p < 0.001) was observed for all outcomes. Both groups experienced significant improvements for all outcomes from baseline to follow-up without any between-group differences. In conclusion, results revealed that BFR-RE can provide similar hamstring muscle strength, thickness, and stiffness compared with HL-RE.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE POLÍTICA E RELIGIÃO NOS DISCORSI DE MAQUIAVEL
Authors: Veliq Fabrício
Published: August 2024

O presente artigo visa apresentar, de maneira geral, a relação estabelecida por Maquiavel entre política e religião em sua obra Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio. Para tal, iniciamos o texto com um breve percurso histórico, no intuito de compreender o contexto em que Maquiavel escreve seu texto. Em seguida, abordamos a obra maquiaveliana em questão, bem como alguns comentadores e comentadoras, no intuito de mostrar que Maquiavel considerava a religião em dois aspectos: o primeiro, como instrumentum regni na medida em que é útil para o exercício e manutenção do poder, e o segundo enquanto algo que faz parte da cultura de um povo, sendo também responsável pela manutenção da união política interna. Nos dois modos, intentamos mostrar que a religião não é desassociada da ação política no pensamento de Maquiavel.
SOBRE UMA POSSÍVEL CONCILIAÇÃO ENTRE LIBERALISMO E PERFECCIONISMO
Authors: Coitinho Denis
Published: August 2024

O objetivo central do artigo é conciliar o liberalismo com o perfeccionismo, visando harmonizar o pluralismo de valores característico das sociedades contemporâneos com um certo ideal de perfeição humana para assegurar o bem comum. Com esse fim, inicio apresentando as teses centrais do liberalismo antiperfeccionista como defendido por Rawls e Quong. Após, apresento as características básicas do liberalismo perfeccionista de Raz e Chan. O próximo passo será disputar o significado mesmo do termo “liberalismo”, do ponto de vista tanto histórico como teórico, analisando brevemente o liberalismo de John S. Mill. Finalmente, de posse disto, sugiro uma distinção entre a esfera privada e pública da moralidade e a identificação de uma conexão específica entre elas, apontando um certo padrão de perfeição para pautar a conduta humana e algumas políticas públicas com base nas virtudes privado-públicas, podendo-se contar com uma recomendação social-estatal neste domínio privado-público da moralidade, interditando esta interferência no domínio puramente privado da moral, o que, penso, evitará o paternalismo.