bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Impact of Single Epilepsy Training on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices: Comparison of Trained and Untrained Rwandan Community Health Workers
Authors: Dedeken Peter , Muhumuza Stephen N. , Sebera Fidele , Umwiringirwa Josiane , Bitunguhari Leopold , Tierens Hans , Teuwen Dirk E. , Boon Paul A. J. M.
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To close the epilepsy treatment gap and reduce related stigma, eradication of misconceptions is importantIn 2014, Community Health Workers (CHWs) from Musanze (Northern Rwanda) were trained on different aspects of epilepsy. This study compared knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) towards epilepsy of trained CHWs 3 years after training, to untrained CHWs from Rwamagana (Eastern Rwanda).

Methods: An epilepsy KAP questionnaire was administered to 96 trained and 103 untrained CHWs. Demographic and intergroup KAP differences were analysed by response frequencies. A multivariate analyses was performed based on desired and undesired response categories.

Results: Epilepsy awareness was high in both groups, with better knowledge levels in trained CHWs. Negative attitudes were lowest in trained CHWs, yet 17% still reported misconceptions. Multivariate analysis demonstrated the impact of the training, irrespective of age, gender and educational level. Knowing someone with epilepsy significantly induced more desired attitudes.

Conclusion: Despite demographic differences between trained and untrained CHWs, a single epilepsy training resulted in significant improvement of desired KAPs after 3 years. Nation-wide CHW training programs with focus on training-resistant items, e.g., attitudes, are recommended.
Development of a Novel Hybrid Thermoplastic Material and Holistic Assessment of Its Application Potential
Authors: Katsiropoulos Christos V. , Pantelakis Spiros G. , Barile Marco , Lecce Leonardo
Published: November 2021

Τhe development of a novel hybrid thermoplastic prepreg material enabling the fabrication of next-generation recyclable composite aerostructures produced by affordable, automated technologies is presented in the present work. The new hybrid material is produced using automated equipment designed and developed for this reason. A preliminary assessment of the application of the new material is made to obtain material properties related to its processability as well as to its strength. A typical aeronautical flat skin panel has been identified and produced using an autoclave-based process in order to assess the potential of the new material for producing aircraft structural parts. Moreover, a newly developed holistic index is implemented to enable a more holistic comparison of the suitability of the materials used for the panel production. The aspects considered for the material comparison are the quality, the environmental footprint, and the cost. The results of the study pointed out that the hybrid thermoplastic material that has been developed represents a viable manufacturing option from an industrial point of view and that its implementation in structural component manufacturing leads to clear cost and environmental advantages.
COVID-19 Pandemic—Financial Consequences for Polish Airports—Selected Aspects
Authors: Barczak Agnieszka
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the mobility of urban residents on an international level. Tourist air traffic was suspended as one of many activities. As a result, the aviation industry has suffered losses at various levels. In addition to carriers, airports are also suffering due to the effects of the pandemic. Their income comes mainly from charges for take-offs and landings of airplanes, passenger charges, and commercial and restaurant activity. In this paper, the authors attempt to estimate the level of losses incurred by six Polish airports in relation to passenger charges. Based on the data for the years 2015–2019, the forecasts of passenger flows for the year 2020 were estimated using the seasonality indicator method, the method of one-name period trends, and models of linear trends with seasonality. Research has shown that the total losses of the examined airports for the year 2020 amounted to approximately 290 million EUR, and these are losses resulting only from the lack of fees charged for servicing passengers at the airports.
Coordinated Effect of Ascorbate Biosynthesis and Recycling in Maize Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment under Low Temperature
Authors: Xiao Senlin , Xu Tianjun , Wang Yuandong , Xing Jinfeng , Wang Ronghuan , Su Aiguo , Wang Shuaishuai , Song Wei , Zhao Jiuran
Published: November 2021

The impacts of low temperature occasionally encountered at higher latitude regions on maize seed germination present significant threats to yield and cultivation. Exploring the association of antioxidant system with low temperature (LT) germination could support the breeding strategies for better responding to LT disturbance. In this study, we have examined the germination rate and growth potential of a set of elite maize inbred accessions under LT and normal temperature (NT) conditions in the field. These accessions were found to have variable germination rate and growth potential when grown at LT, whereas the difference is not significant under NT. Physiological study revealed lower hydrogen peroxide content in LT tolerant accessions when compared with sensitive ones. LT-tolerant and LT-sensitive lines maintained similar content of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), whereas the reduced substrate content of which were significantly higher in LT-tolerant accessions. Consistently, activities of ascorbate peroxidase and dehydroascorbate reductase, the enzyme components that responsible for the AsA-GSH recycling, were much higher in LT-tolerant lines. Transcription profile revealed the increased expression of ZmVTC2 gene in LT-tolerant inbred line, which was rate limited step in AsA biosynthesis. These data indicates that the coordinated improvement of AsA biosynthesis and AsA-GSH recycling increase the pool size of the total antioxidants, which ameliorate LT-induced oxidative stress during maize seed germination.
Complete Genome Sequences of Klebsiella michiganensis and Citrobacter farmeri, KPC-2-Producers Serially Isolated from a Single Patient
Authors: Abed Jehane Y. , Déraspe Maxime , Bérubé Ève , D’Iorio Matthew , Dewar Ken , Boissinot Maurice , Corbeil Jacques , Bergeron Michel G. , Roy Paul H.
Published: November 2021

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, including KPC-2 producers, have become a major clinical problem. During an outbreak in Quebec City, Canada, KPC-2-producing Klebsiella michiganensis and Citrobacter farmeri were isolated from a patient six weeks apart. We determined their complete genome sequences. Both isolates carried nearly identical IncN2 plasmids with blaKPC-2 on a Tn4401b element. Both strains also carried IncP1 plasmids, but that of C. farmeri did not carry a Beta-lactamase gene, whereas that of K. michiganensis carried a second copy of blaKPC-2 on Tn4401b. These results suggest recent plasmid transfer between the two species and a recent transposition event.
Is There a Difference in Clinical Features, Microbiological Epidemiology and Effective Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy Comparing Healthcare-Associated and Community-Acquired Vertebral Osteomyelitis?
Authors: Lang Siegmund , Frömming Astrid , Walter Nike , Freigang Viola , Neumann Carsten , Loibl Markus , Ehrenschwender Martin , Alt Volker , Rupp Markus
Published: November 2021

Background: Empiric antibiotic therapy for suspected vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) should be initiated immediately in severely ill patients, and might be necessary for culture-negative VO. The current study aimed to identify differences between community-acquired (CA) and healthcare-associated (HA) VO in terms of clinical presentation, causative pathogens, and antibiotic susceptibility. Methods: Cases of adult patients with VO treated at a German university orthopaedic trauma center between 2000 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient history was used to distinguish between CA and HA VO. Susceptibility of antibiotic regimens was assessed based on antibiograms of the isolated pathogens. Results: A total of 155 patients (with a male to female ratio of 1.3; and a mean age of 66.1 ± 12.4 years) with VO were identified. In 74 (47.7%) patients, infections were deemed healthcare-associated. The most frequently identified pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (HAVO: 51.2%; CAVO: 46.8%), and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS, HAVO: 31.7%; CAVO: 21.3%). Antibiograms of 45 patients (HAVO: n = 22; CAVO: n = 23) were evaluated. Significantly more methicillin-resistant isolates, mainly CoNS, were found in the HAVO cohort (27.3%). The highest rate of resistance was found for cefazolin (HAVO: 45.5%; CAVO: 26.1%). Significantly higher rates of resistances were seen in the HAVO cohort for mono-therapies with meropenem (36.4%), piperacillin–tazobactam (31.8%), ceftriaxone (27.3%), and co-amoxiclav (31.8%). The broadest antimicrobial coverage was achieved with either a combination of piperacillin–tazobactam + vancomycin (CAVO: 100.0%; HAVO: 90.9%) or meropenem + vancomycin (CAVO: 100.0%; HAVO: 95.5%). Conclusion: Healthcare association is common in VO. The susceptibility pattern of underlying pathogens differs from CAVO. When choosing an empiric antibiotic, combination therapy must be considered.
Genomic Characterization of a Proteus sp. Strain of Animal Origin Co-Carrying blaNDM-1 and lnu(G)
Authors: Li Ying , Qiu Yichuan , She Junping , Wang Xu , Dai Xiaoyi , Zhang Luhua
Published: November 2021

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Proteus represents a serious threat to global public health due to limited antibiotic treatment options. Here, we characterize a Proteus isolate NMG38-2 of swine origin that exhibits extensive drug resistance, including carbapenems. Whole-genome sequencing based on Illumina and MinION platforms showed that NMG38-2 contains 24 acquired antibiotic resistance genes and three plasmids, among which, pNDM_NMG38-2, a pPvSC3-like plasmid, is transferable and co-carries blaNDM-1 and lnu(G). Sequence analysis of pPvSC3-like plasmids showed that they share a conserved backbone but have a diverse accessory module with complex chimera structures bearing abundant resistance genes, which are facilitated by transposons and/or homologous recombination. The acquisition of blaNDM-1 in pNDM_NMG38-2 was due to the ISCR1-mediated integration event. Comprehensive analysis of the lnu(G)-bearing cassettes carried by bacterial plasmids or chromosomes revealed a diversification of its genetic contexts, with Tn6260 and ISPst2 elements being the leading contributors to the dissemination of lnu(G) in Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. In conclusion, this study provides a better understanding of the genetic features of pPvSC3-like plasmids, which represent a novel plasmid group as a vehicle mediating the dissemination of blaNDM-1 among bacteria species. Moreover, our results highlight the central roles of Tn6260 and ISPst2 in the spread of lnu(G).
Brought to Light: How Ultraviolet Disinfection Can Prevent the Nosocomial Transmission of COVID-19 and Other Infectious Diseases
Authors: Browne Katrina
Published: November 2021

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought to light the role of environmental hygiene in controlling disease transmission. Healthcare facilities are hot spots for infectious pathogens where physical distancing and personal protective equipment (PPE) are not always sufficient to prevent disease transmission. Healthcare facilities need to consider adjunct strategies to prevent transmission of infectious pathogens. In combination with current infection control procedures, many healthcare facilities are incorporating ultraviolet (UV) disinfection into their routines. This review considers how pathogens are transmitted in healthcare facilities, the mechanism of UV microbial inactivation and the documented activity of UV against clinical pathogens. Emphasis is placed on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) that are commonly transmitted in healthcare facilities. The potential benefits and limitations of UV technologies are discussed to help inform healthcare workers, including clinical studies where UV technology is used in healthcare facilities.
Biospeckle Analysis and Biofilm Electrostatic Tests, Two Useful Methods in Microbiology
Authors: Oleandro Emilia , Grilli Simonetta , Rega Romina , Mugnano Martina , Bianco Vittorio , Valentino Marika , Mandracchia Biagio , Nazzaro Filomena , Coppola Raffaele , Ferraro Pietro
Published: November 2021

The development of more sensitive methodologies, capable of quickly detecting and monitoring a microbial population present in a specific biological matrix, as well as performing to allow for the study of all its metabolic changes (e.g., during the formation of biofilm) to occur, is an essential requirement for both well-being and the food industry. Two techniques, in particular, have gained the attention of scientists: The first is “biospeckle”, an optical technique representing an innovative tool for applications in food quality, food safety, and nutraceuticals. With this technique, we can quickly evaluate and monitor the presence of bacteria (or their proliferation) in a solid or liquid biological matrix. In addition, the technique is helpful in quantifying and optimizing the correct storage time of the pro-biotics, if they are entrapped in matrices such as alginate and follow their survival rate in simulated gastro-intestinal conditions. A second technique with great chances is the “biofilm electrostatic test” (BET). BET undoubtedly represents a fast, simple, and highly reproducible tool suitable for admitting the evaluation of the in vitro bacterial capacity in order to adhere through an electrostatic interaction with a pyro-electrified carrier after only 2 h of incubation. BET could represent the way for a quick and standardized evaluation of bacterial resistance among biofilm-producing microorganisms through a fast evaluation of the potential presence of the biofilm.
Progress on Genetic Basis of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Karwacka Izabela , Obołończyk Łukasz , Kaniuka-Jakubowska Sonia , Bohdan Michał , Sworczak Krzysztof
Published: November 2021

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by the autonomous overproduction of aldosterone with simultaneous suppression of plasma renin activity (PRA). It is considered to be the most common endocrine cause of secondary arterial hypertension (HT) and is associated with a high rate of cardiovascular complications. PA is most often caused by a bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) or aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA); rarer causes of PA include genetic disorders of steroidogenesis (familial hyperaldosteronism (FA) type I, II, III and IV), aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma, and ectopic aldosterone-producing tumors. Over the last few years, significant progress has been made towards understanding the genetic basis of PA, classifying it as a channelopathy. Recently, a growing body of clinical evidence suggests that mutations in ion channels appear to be the major cause of aldosterone-producing adenomas, and several mutations within the ion channel encoding genes have been identified. Somatic mutations in four genes (KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3 and CACNA1D) have been identified in nearly 60% of the sporadic APAs, while germline mutations in KCNJ5 and CACNA1H have been reported in different subtypes of familial hyperaldosteronism. These new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying PA may be associated with potential implications for diagnosis and therapy.
Enhanced Extracellular Matrix Deposition on Titanium Implant Surfaces: Cellular and Molecular Evidences
Authors: Marconi Guya Diletta , Fonticoli Luigia , Della Rocca Ylenia , Oliva Stefano , Rajan Thangavelu Soundara , Trubiani Oriana , Murmura Giovanna , Diomede Francesca , Pizzicannella Jacopo
Published: November 2021

The surface structure of the titanium dental implants can modulate the activity of mesenchymal stem cells in order to promote the upregulation of osteoblastic related genes and the release of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The present work was focused on the in vitro evaluation of the interaction of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and two different implant titanium surfaces topography (CTRL and TEST). This study was aimed at analyzing the cytotoxicity of the dental implant surfaces, the cellular adhesion capacity, and the improvement in the release of ECM molecules in an in vitro model. These parameters were carried out by means of the microscopic evaluation, viability assays, immunofluorescence, Western blot and RT-PCR investigations. The knowledge of the cell/implant interaction is essential for implant healing in order to obtain a more performing surfaces that promote the ECM release and provide the starting point to initiate the osseointegration process.
Development of Triiodothyronine Polymeric Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery in the Cardioprotection against Ischemic Insult
Authors: Karakus Ozlem , Darwish Noureldien , Sudha Thangirala , Salaheldin Taher , Fujioka Kazutoshi , Dickinson Peter , Weil Brian , Mousa Shaker
Published: November 2021

Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of death globally. Cardioprotection is the process whereby mechanisms that reduce myocardial damage, and activate protective factors, contribute to the preservation of the heart. Targeting these processes could be a new strategy in the treatment of post-ischemic heart failure (HF). Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which have multiple effects on the heart, prevent myocardial damage. This study describes the formulation, and characterization, of chemically modified polymeric nanoparticles incorporating T3, to target the thyroid hormone receptors. Modified T3 was conjugated to polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) to facilitate T3 delivery and restrict its nuclear translocation. Modified T3 and PLGA-T3 was characterized with 1H-NMR. The protective role of synthesized phosphocreatine (PCr) encapsulated PLGA-T3 nanoparticles (PLGA-T3/PCr NPs) and PLGA-T3 nanoparticles (PLGA-T3 NPs) in hypoxia-mediated cardiac cell insults was investigated. The results showed that PLGA-T3/PCr NPs represent a potentially new therapeutic agent for the control of tissue damage in cardiac ischemia and resuscitation.
Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Antibody Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Healthy Adults
Authors: Chillon Thilo Samson , Demircan Kamil , Heller Raban Arved , Hirschbil-Bremer Ines Maria , Diegmann Joachim , Bachmann Manuel , Moghaddam Arash , Schomburg Lutz
Published: November 2021

The immune response to vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines varies greatly from person to person. In addition to age, there is evidence that certain micronutrients influence the immune system, particularly vitamin D. Here, we analysed SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralisation potency along with 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol [25(OH)D] concentrations in a cohort of healthy German adults from the time of vaccination over 24 weeks. Contrary to our expectations, no significant differences were found in the dynamic increase or decrease of SARS-CoV-2 IgG as a function of the 25(OH)D status. Furthermore, the response to the first or second vaccination, the maximum SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations achieved, and the decline in SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations over time were not related to 25(OH)D status. We conclude that the vaccination response, measured as SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentration, does not depend on 25(OH)D status in healthy adults with moderate vitamin D status.
Oxidized LDL Increase the Proinflammatory Profile of Human Visceral Adipocytes Produced by Hypoxia
Authors: Santiago-Fernández Concepción , Martín-Reyes Flores , Tome Monica , Gutierrez-Repiso Carolina , Fernandez-Garcia Diego , Ocaña-Wilhelmi Luis , Rivas-Becerra Jose , Tatzber Franz , Pursch Edith , Tinahones Francisco J. , García-Fuentes Eduardo , Garrido-Sánchez Lourdes
Published: November 2021

Background: Little is known about the effects of hypoxia on scavenger receptors (SRs) levels in adipocytes. We analyzed the effect of morbid obesity and hypoxia on SRs and inflammation markers in human visceral adipocytes and whether ox-LDL modify the inflammatory profile produced by hypoxia. Methods: We studied in 17 non-obese and 20 subjects with morbid obesity (MO) the mRNA expression of HIF-1α, SRs (LOX-1, MSR1, CL-P1 and CXCL16), IL6 and TNFα in visceral adipocytes and the effect of hypoxia with or without ox-LDL on visceral in vitro-differentiated adipocytes (VDA). Results: HIF-1α, TNFα, IL6, LOX-1, MSR1 and CXCL16 expression in adipocytes was increased in MO when compared with those in non-obese subjects (p < 0.05). The expression of most of the inflammatory markers and SRs gene correlated with HIF-1α. In VDA, hypoxia increased TNFα, IL6, MSR1, CXCL16 and CL-P1 (p < 0.05) in non-obese subjects, and TNFα, IL6, MSR1 and CXCL16 (p < 0.05) in MO. Silencing HIF-1α prevented the increase of TNFα, IL6, LOX-1, MSR1, CL-P1 and CXCL16 expression (p < 0.05). The combination of hypoxia and ox-LDL produced higher TNFα expression (p = 0.041). Conclusions: Morbid obesity and hypoxia increased SRs and inflammatory markers in visceral adipocytes. In a hypoxic state, ox-LDL increased the proinflammatory response of visceral adipocytes to hypoxia.
Epigenetic Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Obesity
Authors: Nettore Immacolata Cristina , Franchini Fabiana , Palatucci Giuseppe , Macchia Paolo Emidio , Ungaro Paola
Published: November 2021

The incidence of obesity has dramatically increased over the last decades. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the possible association between the pandemics of obesity and some endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), termed “obesogens”. These are a heterogeneous group of exogenous compounds that can interfere in the endocrine regulation of energy metabolism and adipose tissue structure. Oral intake, inhalation, and dermal absorption represent the major sources of human exposure to these EDCs. Recently, epigenetic changes such as the methylation of cytosine residues on DNA, post-translational modification of histones, and microRNA expression have been considered to act as an intermediary between deleterious effects of EDCs and obesity development in susceptible individuals. Specifically, EDCs exposure during early-life development can detrimentally affect individuals via inducing epigenetic modifications that can permanently change the epigenome in the germline, enabling changes to be transmitted to the next generations and predisposing them to a multitude of diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyze the epigenetic alterations putatively induced by chemical exposures and their ability to interfere with the control of energy metabolism and adipose tissue regulation, resulting in imbalances in the control of body weight, which can lead to obesity.
Molecular and Clinical Characterization of a Novel Prognostic and Immunologic Biomarker GPSM3 in Low-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Wang Ming , Jia Jiaoying , Cui Yan , Peng Yong , Jiang Yugang
Published: November 2021

Background: as the most common malignancy of the central nervous system, low-grade glioma (LGG) patients suffered a poor prognosis. Tumor microenvironment, especially immune components, plays an important role in the progression of tumors. Thus, it is critical to explore the key immune-related genes, a comprehensive understanding of the TME in LGG helps us find novel cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Methods: the GPSM3 expression level and the correlations between clinical characteristics and GPSM3 levels were analyzed with the data from CGGA and TCGA dataset. Univariate and multivariate cox regression model were built to predict the prognosis of LGG patients with multiple factors. Then the correlation between GPSM3 with immune cell infiltration was explored by ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT and TIMER2.0. At last, the correlation analyzed between GPSM3 expression and immune checkpoint related genes were also analyzed. Results: GPSM3 expression was overexpressed in LGG and negatively correlated to the GPSM3 DNA methylation. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that GPSM3 expression was an independent prognostic factor in LGG patients. Functional characterization of GPSM3 revealed that it was associated with many immune processes to tumor cells. GPSM3 expression was positive related to the immune score, Stromal scores and ESTIMATE scores, but negative related to the Tumor purity. Immune features in the TME of GPSM3-high LGG group is characterized by a higher infiltrating of regulatory T cells, neutrophils, macrophages M2, and a lower proportion of monocytes than to the GPSM3-low group. Furthermore, GPSM3 expression exhibited significant correlations with the immune checkpoint-related genes, especially PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA4 and TIM3. Conclusions: these findings proved that GPSM3 could serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential immunotherapy target for LGG.
Rapid Voltammetric Screening Method for the Assessment of Bioflavonoid Content Using the Disposable Bare Pencil Graphite Electrode
Authors: David Iulia Gabriela , Numan Nimet , Buleandră Mihaela , Popa Dana-Elena , Lițescu Simona Carmen , Riga Sorin , Ciobanu Adela Magdalena
Published: November 2021

Hesperidin (HESP) is a plant bioflavonoid found in various nutritional and medicinal products. Many of its multiple health benefits rely on the compound’s antioxidant ability, which is due to the presence of oxidizable hydroxyl groups in its structure. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of HESP at a cheap, disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) in order to develop rapid and simple voltammetric methods for its quantification. Cyclic voltammetric investigations emphasized a complex electrochemical behavior of HESP. The influence of the electrode material, solution stability, supporting electrolyte pH, and nature were examined. HESP main irreversible, diffusion-controlled oxidation signal obtained at H type PGE in Britton Robinson buffer pH 1.81 was exploited for the development of a differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) quantitative analysis method. The quasi-reversible, adsorption-controlled reduction peak was used for HESP quantification by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV). The linear ranges of DPV and DPAdSV were 1.00 × 10−7–1.20 × 10−5 and 5.00 × 10−8–1.00 × 10−6 mol/L with detection limits of 8.58 × 10−8 and 1.90 × 10−8 mol/L HESP, respectively. The DPV method was applied for the assessment of dietary supplements bioflavonoid content, expressed as mg HESP.
An overview of Structured Biosensors for Metal Ions Determination
Authors: Rocha Diogo L. , Maringolo Vivian , Araújo Alberto N. , Amorim Célia M. P. G. , Montenegro Maria da Conceição B. S. M.
Published: November 2021

The determination of metal ions is important for nutritional and toxicological assessment. Atomic spectrometric techniques are highly efficient for the determination of these species, but the high costs of acquisition and maintenance hinder the application of these techniques. Inexpensive alternatives for metallic element determination are based on dedicated biosensors. These devices mimic biological systems and convert biochemical processes into physical outputs and can be used for the sensitive and selective determination of chemical species such as cations. In this work, an overview of the proposed biosensors for metal ions determination was carried out considering the last 15 years of publications. Statistical data on the applications, response mechanisms, instrumentation designs, applications of nanomaterials, and multielement analysis are herein discussed.
Learning Basketball Tactical Actions from Video Modeling and Static Pictures: When Gender Matters
Authors: Rekik Ghazi , Belkhir Yosra , Mezghanni Nourhen , Jarraya Mohamed , Chen Yung-Sheng , Kuo Cheng-Deng
Published: November 2021

Recent studies within the physical education domain have shown the superiority of dynamic visualizations over their static counterparts in learning different motor skills. However, the gender difference in learning from these two visual presentations has not yet been elucidated. Thus, this study aimed to explore the gender difference in learning basketball tactical actions from video modeling and static pictures. Eighty secondary school students (Mage = 15.28, SD = 0.49) were quasi-randomly (i.e., matched for gender) assigned to a dynamic condition (20 males, 20 females) and a static condition (20 males, 20 females). Immediately after watching either a static or dynamic presentation of the playing system (learning phase), participants were asked to rate their mental effort invested in learning, perform a game performance test, and complete the card rotations test (test phase). The results indicated that spatial ability (evaluated via the card rotations test) was higher in males than in female students (p < 0.0005). Additionally, an interaction of gender and type of visualization were identified, supporting the ability-as-compensator hypothesis: female students benefited particularly from video modeling (p < 0.0005, ES = 3.12), while male students did not (p > 0.05, ES = 0.36). These findings suggested that a consideration of a learner’s gender is crucial to further boost learning of basketball tactical actions from dynamic and static visualizations.
Maternal-Child Health Outcomes from Pre- to Post-Implementation of a Trauma-Informed Care Initiative in the Prenatal Care Setting: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Racine Nicole , Ereyi-Osas Whitney , Killam Teresa , McDonald Sheila , Madigan Sheri
Published: November 2021

Background: There has been an increase in use of trauma-informed care (TIC) approaches, which can include screening for maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) during prenatal care. However, there is a paucity of research showing that TIC approaches are associated with improvements in maternal or offspring health outcomes. Using retrospective file review, the current study evaluated whether differences in pregnancy health and infant birth outcomes were observed from before to after the implementation of a TIC approach in a low-risk maternity clinic, serving women of low medical risk. Methods: Demographic and health data were extracted from the medical records of 601 women (n = 338 TIC care, n = 263 pre-TIC initiative) who received prenatal care at a low-risk maternity clinic. Cumulative risk scores for maternal pregnancy health and infant birth outcomes were completed by health professionals. Results: Using independent chi-squared tests, the proportion of women without pregnancy health risks did not differ for women from before to after the implementation of TIC, χ2 (2, 601) = 3.75, p = 0.15. Infants of mothers who received TIC were less likely to have a health risk at birth, χ2 (2, 519) = 6.17, p = 0.046. Conclusion: A TIC approach conveyed modest benefits for infant outcomes, but not maternal health in pregnancy. Future research examining other potential benefits of TIC approaches are needed including among women of high socio-demographic and medical risk.
A Comparative Study between Spanish and British SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Jimenez Ruiz Jose A. , Lopez Ramirez Cecilia , Lopez-Campos Jose Luis
Published: November 2021

The study of the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is key to understanding binding affinity and stability. In the present report, we sought to investigate the differences between two already sequenced genome variants (Spanish and British) of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: In silico model evaluating the homology, identity and similarity in the genome sequence and the structure and alignment of the predictive spike by computational docking methods. Results: The identity results between the Spanish and British variants of the Spike protein were 28.67%. This close correspondence in the results between the Spanish and British SARS-CoV-2 variants shows that they are very similar (99.99%). The alignment obtained results in four deletions. There were 23 nucleotide substitutions also predicted which could affect the functionality of the proteins produced from this sequence. The interaction between the binding receptor domain from the spike protein and the ACE2 receptor produces some of the mutations found and, therefore, the energy of this ligand varies. However, the estimated antigenicity of the British variant is higher than its Spanish counterpart. Conclusions: Our results indicate that minimal mutations could interfere in the infectivity of the virus due to changes in the fitness between host cell recognition and interaction proteins. In particular, the N501Y substitution, situated in the RBD of the spike of the British variant, might be the reason for its extraordinary infective potential.
Moisture and Salinity Drive the Vegetation Composition of Wadi Hargan, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abd-ElGawad Ahmed M. , Assaeed Abdulaziz M. , Al-Rowaily Saud L. , Dar Basharat M. , Malik Jahangir A.
Published: November 2021

Wetlands are represented in Saudi Arabia in the form of mangrove, sabkha, and wadi (valleys) systems, and these habitats are considered as a sanctuary for biodiversity. The present study aimed to identify different vegetation groups in a wetland site in Wadi Hargan near Alqurainah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to relate different plant communities and plant diversity to soil moisture, salinity, and other soil properties. Floristic analysis and vegetation structure were investigated within 15 stands along the wadi and were subjected to correlation analysis with soil factors via multivariate analysis. The floristic survey revealed the presence of 111 plant species belonging to 39 families. The most represented families were Asteraceae, Poaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Papilionaceae, which accounted for the largest proportion (55.4%) of the total species. The therophytes were the dominant life form, where they were represented by 46.9% of the total number of species. The application of cluster analysis (TWINSPAN) to the importance value of each species based on the relative cover and density led to the recognition of four plant communities: (A) Phragmites australis—Tamarix nilotica community, (B) Zygophyllum coccineum—Acacia gerrardii community, (C) Lycium shawii—Zygophyllum coccineum community, and (D) Rhazya stricta community. The soil analysis and correlation test revealed significant variations in the content of salinity, moisture, CO3, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, and Na among the plant communities. It can be concluded that soil moisture and salinity factors were the fundamental driving forces for plant community structure in the studied wadi. The wadi was moderately grazed, mainly by camels; thereby, the invasive plant Rhazya stricta dominated the central region of the wadi. Also, human interference was observed at the end of the wadi, where some weeds sprouted such as Malva parviflora. The presence of those two rare wetland species, Adiantum capillus-veneris and Ficus salicifolia, in the study area, showed the unique properties of the studied wadi and necessitate an urgent biodiversity conservation action to protect its natural vegetation from overgrazing and human interference.
Proof-of-Concept Design for MPP Acoustic Absorbers with Elements of Art
Authors: Lee Heow Pueh , Kumar Sanjay , Aow Jie Wei
Published: November 2021

A micro-perforated plate or panel (MPP) is a device used to absorb sound. It consists of a thin flat plate made from several different materials with small holes and a back cavity. Several reported modifications and enhancements to the original design of the MPP acoustic absorber were modified by the holes or the back-cavity shape and sizes following the original idea. The present study attempts to artistically beautify the MPP acoustic absorbers by incorporating dotted arts into the design of MPP. The perforation for micro-perforated panels could be dotted arts with a perforation size smaller than 1 mm for enhanced acoustic absorption performance in the form of various artistic designs. Small LED lights could be placed inside the acoustic chamber to create the color lights emanating from the perforations instead of dots with different colors. Several MPP incorporated artistic designs of dotted patterns were presented and their acoustic absorption performance was analyzed using impedance tube in this paper.
Regional Stock Exchange Development and Economic Growth in the Countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)
Authors: Zonon Babatounde Ifred Paterne
Published: November 2021

This study used panel data covering 27 years to investigate the causality between regional stock exchange development and economic growth in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries. We performed a homogeneous Granger non-causality with an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and Markov-switching analysis, using six indicators for the stock and financial market and six for control. The results showed a close economic relationship between WAEMU countries and causality from the regional stock exchange, which supports the supply leading hypothesis. The causality was confirmed in the short and long run, depending on the variable. The causal relationships that support the demand-driven hypothesis were recorded from the economic growth for four market measurements.
Are Coping Strategies with Well-Being in Deaf and Blind Parents Related?
Authors: Indiana Maria Luisa , Sagone Elisabetta , Fichera Salvatore Luciano Orazio
Published: November 2021

The main purpose of this cross-sectional study, carried out with deaf parents and blind parents, is to analyze the association of coping strategies, life satisfaction, well-being, and generalized self-efficacy, compared to a group of parents without a sensory loss. The Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, Satisfaction with Life, Generalized Self-efficacy, and Psychological Well-Being scales were applied. Results indicate that: (1) deaf parents and blind parents search for social support, use avoidance, and turn to religion more than those without a sensory loss; (2) deaf parents are more satisfied with life than blind parents and those without a sensory loss; (3) deaf parents and blind parents perceive themselves as less efficacious than those without a sensory loss; (4) deaf parents and blind parents report lower psychological well-being (autonomy and personal growth) than those without a sensory loss, except for self-acceptance. Searching for social support and turning to religion are negatively associated with life satisfaction in deaf parents and those without a sensory loss; further, these coping strategies (together with avoidance) affect the psychological well-being of deaf parents and parents without a sensory loss. Future research could investigate deeper into the effects of these dimensions on well-being and the styles of parenting in these families.
Flight Stability of Rigid Wing Airborne Wind Energy Systems
Authors: Trevisi Filippo , Croce Alessandro , Riboldi Carlo E. D.
Published: November 2021

The flight mechanics of rigid wing Airborne Wind Energy Systems (AWESs) is fundamentally different from the one of conventional aircrafts. The presence of the tether largely impacts the system dynamics, making the flying craft to experience forces which can be an order of magnitude larger than those experienced by conventional aircrafts. Moreover, an AWES needs to deal with a sustained yet unpredictable wind, and the ensuing requirements for flight maneuvers in order to achieve prescribed control and power production goals. A way to maximize energy capture while facing disturbances without requiring an excessive contribution from active control is that of suitably designing the AWES craft to feature good flight dynamics characteristics. In this study, a baseline circular flight path is considered, and a steady state condition is defined by modeling all fluctuating dynamic terms over the flight loop as disturbances. In-flight stability is studied by linearizing the equations of motion on this baseline trajectory. In populating a linearized dynamic model, analytical derivatives of external forces are computed by applying well-known aerodynamic theories, allowing for a fast formulation of the linearized problem and for a quantitative understanding of how design parameters influence stability. A complete eigenanalysis of an example tethered system is carried out, showing that a stable-by-design AWES can be obtained and how. With the help of the example, it is shown how conventional aircraft eigenmodes are modified for an AWES and new eigenmodes, typical of AWESs, are introduced and explained. The modeling approach presented in the paper sets the basis for a holistic design of AWES that will follow this work.
Water Flow Forecasting Based on River Tributaries Using Long Short-Term Memory Ensemble Model
Authors: Costa Silva Diogo F. , Galvão Filho Arlindo R. , Carvalho Rafael V. , de Souza L. Ribeiro Filipe , Coelho Clarimar J.
Published: November 2021

Water flow forecasts are an essential information for energy production, management and hydropower control. Advanced actions to optimize electricity production can be taken based on predicted information. This work proposes an ensemble strategy using recurrent neural networks to generate a forecast of water flow at Jirau Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP), installed on the Madeira River in Brazil. The ensemble strategy consists of combining three long short-term memory (LSTM) networks that model the Madeira River and two of its tributaries: Mamoré and Abunã rivers. The historical data from streamflow of the Madeira river and its tributaries are used to validate the ensemble LSTM model, where each time series of river tributaries are modeled separated by LSTM models and the result used as input for another LSTM model in order to forecast the streamflow of the main river. The experimental results present low errors for training and test sets for individual LSTM networks and ensemble model. In addition, these results were compared with the operational forecasts performed by Jirau HPP. The proposed model showed better accuracy in four of the five scenarios tested, which indicates a promising approach to be explored in water flow forecasting based on river tributaries.
Grid-Following Mode Operation of Small-Scale Distributed Battery Energy Storages for Fast Frequency Regulation in a Mixed-Source Microgrid
Authors: Hussain Amir , Shireen Wajiha
Published: November 2021

As the share of power converter-based renewable energy sources (RESs) is high, a microgrid, in islanded mode, is more vulnerable to frequency instability due to (1) sudden power imbalance and (2) low inertia. One of the most common approaches to address this issue is to provide virtual inertia to the system by appropriately controlling the grid-side converter of the RESs. However, the primary frequency controller (PFC) presented in this paper focuses on the fast compensation of power imbalance without adding inertia to the system. The proposed method is based on estimating the real-time power imbalance caused by a disturbance and compensating it using multiple small-scale distributed battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The power imbalance is estimated by observing the initial rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) following a disturbance. Based on the estimated power imbalance and the rating of the BESSs, the reference power for the BESSs is determined. The BESSs are controlled in grid-following mode to compensate for the power imbalance. The performance of the proposed PFC is verified using a Typhoon real-time simulator for various scenarios and is compared with the conventional virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controller.
Hydraulic Flow Unit Classification and Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Case Study from the Nam Con Son Basin, Offshore Vietnam
Authors: Man Ha Quang , Hien Doan Huy , Thong Kieu Duy , Dung Bui Viet , Hoa Nguyen Minh , Hoa Truong Khac , Kieu Nguyen Van , Ngoc Pham Quy
Published: November 2021

The test study area is the Miocene reservoir of Nam Con Son Basin, offshore Vietnam. In the study we used unsupervised learning to automatically cluster hydraulic flow units (HU) based on flow zone indicators (FZI) in a core plug dataset. Then we applied supervised learning to predict HU by combining core and well log data. We tested several machine learning algorithms. In the first phase, we derived hydraulic flow unit clustering of porosity and permeability of core data using unsupervised machine learning methods such as Ward’s, K mean, Self-Organize Map (SOM) and Fuzzy C mean (FCM). Then we applied supervised machine learning methods including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Boosted Tree (BT) and Random Forest (RF). We combined both core and log data to predict HU logs for the full well section of the wells without core data. We used four wells with six logs (GR, DT, NPHI, LLD, LSS and RHOB) and 578 cores from the Miocene reservoir to train, validate and test the data. Our goal was to show that the correct combination of cores and well logs data would provide reservoir engineers with a tool for HU classification and estimation of permeability in a continuous geological profile. Our research showed that machine learning effectively boosts the prediction of permeability, reduces uncertainty in reservoir modeling, and improves project economics.
Higher Wind: Highlighted Expansion Opportunities to Repower Wind Energy
Authors: Haces-Fernandez Francisco
Published: November 2021

Decarbonizing the world economy, before the most damaging effects of climate change become irreversible, requires substantially increasing renewable energy generation in the near future. However, this may be challenging in mature wind energy markets, where many advantageous wind locations are already engaged by older wind farms, potentially generating suboptimal wind harvesting. This research developed a novel method to systematically analyze diverse factors to determine the level of maturity of wind markets and evaluate the adequacy of wind farm repowering at regional and individual levels. The approach was applied to wind markets in the United States (U.S.), in which several states were identified as having diverse levels of maturity. Results obtained from case studies in Texas indicated a consequential number of wind farms that have reached their twenty-year end-of-life term and earlier obsolescence levels. The proposed approach aided in determining wind farms that may benefit from total or partial repowering. The method indicated that total repowering of selected installations would significantly increase overall wind energy generation, considering that these older installations have access to some of the best wind speeds, infrastructure and areas to grow. The proposed method can be applied to different world wind markets.
Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives
Authors: Liu Tian-Hua
Published: November 2021

This Special Issue contains the successful invited submissions [...]