bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Soil Erosion Hazard in Prambanan District Using RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)
Authors: Mulya S. A , Khotimah N.
Published: November 2021

Prambanan District which located in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province has the potential for land degradation due to erosion processes. With the characteristics of annual rainfall more than 2000 mm / year, topography with a slope of more than 20% in upland areas, as well as the conversion of upland to dryland agriculture are factors that can trigger the erosion process more quickly. If the rate of erosion speed exceeds the ability of the soil to regenerate the soil body, its productivity will be disrupted and accelerate the formation of critical soil. Therefore, it is necessary to know the estimated rate of erosion, tolerable distribution of erosion, and the potential danger of erosion that occurs. The purpose of this study was to (1) predict the rate of erosion, (2) calculate the permissible erosion value, (3) identify the rate & index of erosion hazard. Data were collected using field surveys and soil sampling using stratified random sampling techniques with land units as the unit of analysis. The value of erosion was predicted using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method. The RUSLE method is described by the following equation, A=R*K*L*S*C*P, where; A as estimated averages annual loss of soil, R is the rainfall erosivity factor, K is the soil erodibility factor, LS is the slope length factor, C is the cover management factor, & P is the conservation practice factor. The results showed that the erosion value ranged from 0.39 - 268.55 tons/ha/year. Permissible erosion ranges from 8.4 – 15 tons/ha/year for Latosol and 27.4 ton/ha/year for Regosol. The Rate of Erosion Hazard is dominated by moderate erosion, covering an area of 1330.7 ha or 31.8% of the total area. The Erosion Hazard Index is dominated by the low class (<1.0) which is covered over 2703.1 ha or 64.61% of the total area.
The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Household Water Requirement in Muara Angke Inundation Area, Jakarta
Authors: Setiawan Cahyadi , Muzani  , Warnadi
Published: November 2021

Jakarta has approximately 40 percent of the area below sea level at high tide, one of which is located at Muara Angke. The area of Muara Angke experiences inundation and has groundwater contaminated by urban community activities and saltwater intrusion. As for the purpose in this research is two calculate the relationship between socioeconomic status and household water requirement. This research was conducted for 5 months from March to July during the Covid-19 pandemic. Respondents were 40 households which were determined by simple random sampling. Multiple regression is used to determine the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable. The results showed that there was a strong relationship between socioeconomic status and household water requirement because the value was above 0.8. The value R Square obtained is 78.9% which can be interpreted that the independent variables contribute 78.9% to the dependent variable and remaining 21.1% is influenced by other factors. The most influential variable is the number of household members.
Disaster Mitigation of Dry and Clean Water Crisis in Dana Sub-District Watopute District Muna Regency
Authors: Amaluddin La Ode , Musyawarah Rahma , Harudu La , Nursalam La Ode , Sufiandi Laode Utusafar
Published: November 2021

In the Southeast Sulawesi region, the area most frequently experiencing drought and clean water crises is Dana Sub-District, Watopute District, Muna Regency. This disaster was caused by physical and social factors. This study aims to describe the mitigation efforts of drought and clean water crisis in the Dana Sub-District, Watopute District. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The population in this study were all the heads of families in Dana Sub-District, totaling 604 people. The sample in this study was selected using simple random sampling technique where the sample was randomly selected as much as 10% of the total population, so the sample in this study was 60 people. The results showed that the drought and water crisis in the Dana Sub-District, Watopute District occurred due to climate change and geomorphological conditions of the area as well as the lack of cooperation in the community in paying water bills. The peak of drought and clean water crisis in this region often occurs from July to November. To overcome this, various efforts have been made by the community, for example taking water from rivers and springs, buying clean water, and collecting water in storage tanks. Furthermore, the local government has also issued several policies, namely the development of the District Capital City Drinking Water Supply System and procurement of water pumps from springs, but according to the local community these government policies have not been effective. Furthermore, water dropping is also not maximally done because the community is less cooperative in paying water bills.
Disaster Mitigation Snake and Ladder Game to Improve Earthquake Disaster Preparedness (A Case Study: Yogyakarta 5 Senior High School)
Authors: Ersani E , Mukminan
Published: November 2021

Tectonic earthquakes are natural disasters that are difficult to predict when they occurs, therefore preparedness is needed to deal with them. This study aims to determine the improvement in student preparedness for tectonic earthquakes using Guncang Bumi snake and ladder learning media. This research is research and development using the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation). The research subjects were 63 students of class XI of Science. Data collection techniques used were test questions. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and independent t-test analysis. Based on the independent t-test analysis obtained sig <0,05, it can be concluded that there is a difference in preparedness between the experimental class and the control class. Based on the calculation of the improvement in preparedness score, the percentage of improvement in disaster preparedness for the experimental class is 67,65%. The improvement percentage in preparedness for the control class was 32,35%. Both classes have improved but the improvement over much experimental class. Therefore it can be concluded that the use of the Guncang Bumi snake and ladder can improve preparedness for a tectonic earthquake disaster.
School Community Preparedness in Anticipation of Earthquake and Tsunami Threats in Temon Sub-District
Authors: Ira A P , Purwantara S
Published: November 2021

The Kulon Progo Regency is a region prone to earthquake and tsunami, including on the coastal of Temon Sub-District. The study aims to determine: (1) school preparedness in Temon Sub-District in anticipating of the earthquake and tsunami threat, and (2) school efforts in Temon Sub-District in improving the preparedness of the earthquake and tsunami disaster. This study used descriptive research. The population of this study is all high schools in Temon Sub-District that enter the area prone to earthquake and tsunami disaster, which is used as a research analysis unit. The sampling technique used simple random sampling and calculated using the Slovin formula with a 10% error rate which results in a total sample of 6 principals, 84 teachers, and 177 students. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. The research data presented in a frequency distribution table and analyzed descriptively. The results of the study showed: (1) school preparedness in Temon Sub-District from the schools aspect in “not ready” category (50.0%), the teachers aspect in “ready” category (42.9%), and the students aspect in “ready” category (44.1%). (2) Efforts to improve the preparedness of the earthquake and tsunami disaster carried out by schools in Temon Sub-District, including: (a) conducting disaster evacuation drills through scouting and PMR activities in schools, (b) holding regular disaster socialization and simulation routinely, (c) improving the quality and quantity of school facilities.
Student’s Level of Understanding on Mobile Learning based Volcano Eruption
Authors: Wardaya N F , Pujianto  , Jumadi
Published: November 2021

This study aims to analyze student's level of understanding on mobile learning based volcano eruption. This research is quantitative descriptive. The sample were 200 students who lives in the area that affected by the eruption of Merapi Volcano (Magelang Regency, Sleman Regency, and Yogyakarta City), recruited using a simple random sampling. The instruments were online survey questionnaire of Student's Level of Understanding on Mobile Learning based Volcano Eruption. The distribution of the data is normal, reliable and homogen based the analysis used IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The results of this study indicate that students who lives in Merapi Volcano prone area have a good understanding about mobile learning based volcano eruption. Level of student's understanding on mobile learning meet a good criteria with percentage 72,80%, level of student's understanding on volcano eruption meet a good criteria with percentage 73,40%, and student's understanding on disaster mitigation meet a good criteria with higher percentage 76,40%.
Spatial Analysis of Covid-19 Distribution: case studies in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Khotimah N. , Sumunar DRS , Purwantara S. , Arif N. , Nayan N.
Published: November 2021

Covid-19 has had an effect on various aspects of life. This study was to compare spatial distribution of covid-19 in Indonesia and Malaysia and its prevention efforts. The design of this study is a comparative study using descriptive analysis. Research was carry out in June through September 2020, taking location in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia and Perak, Malaysia. Research focuses to data on infected positive patients with covid-19. Research data uses a secondary data, which is official statistics of covid-19. Statistical data then tabulated and mapping. The administrative map of both research sites used as a basis for the production spatial distribution map of positive patients infected with covid-19. Research shows that the number of positive patients infected by covid-19 June through September 2020 in five districts of Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia continued to increase significantly. Judging from time, spatial factors changes in covid-19 risk zones occurred in June to September 2020. Public movement and open access to Central Java Province causes 5 districts on Yogyakarta Special Region enter the high risk zone covid-19. Compared with Perak, Malaysia it different, spatially covid-19 infected number of positive patients in Perak, six district are relatively steady and four district are increasing. The increase occurred in Kinta District of July and August 2020, Kerian District of August 2020, Kuala Kangsar District of July 2020, and Perak Tengah District of September 2020. Judging from time, spatial factors do not changes the covid-19 risk zone from June to September 2020. Public movement and open access to Kedah, Kelantan, and Selangor caused two districts in Perak enter the high risk zone covid-19, five districts enter the medium risk zone covid-19, and three district enter the low risk zone covid-19. Indonesia and Malaysia's government efforts to prevent the spread of covid-19 are almost the same, which are restrictions on several public activities, clean and healthy socialization of living behaviour in all sectors, implementation of health discipline protocol in new normal, and provide of update covid-19 information data. The difference, lies in implementation lockdown, which some areas in Indonesia include Yogyakarta Special Region do not apply on Large Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) like Jakarta, while a full implementation of lockdown in Malaysia through Movement Control Order (MCO) including Perak, so a growing number of covid-19 cases can be more pressure.
The potential, utilization and management of forest biodiversity for the livelihood of local communities in Ratah Watershed, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Angi Eddy Mangopo , Wibowo Ari , Wiati Catur Budi
Published: November 2021

Forest biodiversity is crucial for the survival of local communities in Mahakam Ulu District, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, especially for the Punan Dayak, Bahau Bateq Hwang Lung Gelawang, and Bakumpai Dayak tribes who live in the Ratah Watershed area. For generations, local communities in the Ratah Watershed have had local wisdom to protect the resources in the forest around them. Unfortunately, various problems threaten the existence of forest biodiversity in the Ratah Watershed. The purpose of this study is to show the identification results of the potential, utilization, and management of biodiversity according to local communities in Mahakam Ulu District, East Kalimantan Province, and the threats faced. The data was obtained through interviews with key informants, FGDs, participatory mapping, and field observations with the people of Nyari Bungan Village, Long Gelawang Village, Danum Paroy Village, and Muara Ratah Village. The result of the study indicated that local communities in the Ratah Watershed find it more inconvenient to utilize forest resources because of the diminishing potential for biodiversity. The low level of welfare, unclear village boundaries, overlapping village areas with private companies (timber companies, oil palm) are the main problems. Conservation of biodiversity from forests in the Ratah Watershed requires the cooperation of various parties, especially in increasing community capacity in managing forest resources for better environment.
Utilization of community forest wood harvesting waste in Bone Pute Village, Burau District, East Luwu Regency
Authors: Dalya Nurdin , Wahyuni  , Muin Andi Vika Faradiba
Published: November 2021

Timber in community forests can be utilized by the community by first removing it from the forest through the harvesting process. The harvesting process carried out has the potential for waste to be generated. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and potential of harvesting waste and develop alternative uses of waste into products that can be utilized by the community. Data were collected through field observations and making sample plots by purposive sampling on logging plots, skidding paths, plots on TPn, and plots on TPK. Analysis of the data used to determine the characteristics of the waste and its alternative uses, namely qualitative descriptive analysis and calculating the volume of waste using the Brereton empirical formula. The results showed that the characteristics of the wood waste found consisted of stump waste, branch-free stem waste with physical defects, twigs, short pieces, broken wood, and rotten wood. The potential logging waste that can be utilized is in the good category with an average volume of 1.56 m3 in the form of the stump, 2.85 m3 per log in the form of branch-free stems, and 2.45 m3 per log in the form of shortcuts. Alternative utilization of harvesting waste is based on the calculated characteristics and potential, waste can be used as firewood, waste with a diameter of 10 cm and above can be used as raw material for chips, boxes, and poles. Wood waste can also be utilized by the particleboard, fiberboard, finger-joint board, laminated board, pulp, and wood charcoal and charcoal briquette industries if the availability of raw waste materials is sustainable and in sufficient quantities.
Fungal diversity inhabiting tissues of ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) in urban forest
Authors: Mukrimin Mukrimin , Musdalifah Nurul , Larekeng Siti Halimah , Sultan Sultan , Christita Margaretta
Published: November 2021

Eboni (Diospyros celebicaBakh.) is an endemic tree species of Sulawesi Island including Central Sulawesi, West Sulawesi and South Sulawesi. This species is also called fancy wood; its color is black-striped reddish brown, beautiful, and luxurious. In addition, tree growth is influenced by microbes, including fungi. Fungi are heterotrophic and eukaryotic organisms absorbing organic compounds from other organisms. The study aimed to identify ebony-associated fungi in Urban Forestry at the Tamalanrea Campus, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. This study consisted of the isolation stage both direct and dilution methods, the rejuvenation stage, and fungal identification. The study result indicated that there were 60 fungal isolates isolated from the ebony tree tissues, while 19 fungal isolates were isolated on the soil under the ebony stands. The direct isolation-based method was higher in term of number of fungal isolates than the dilution-based method. The isolated fungi belonged to the seven genera, namelyAspergillus, Penicillium, Gliocladium, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Rhizopus, andPhytophthora. AspergillusandPenicilliumwas genera dominated both in tree tissues and in the soil under ebony stands.
Initial Investigation of Sulawesi Moor Macaque (Macaca maura) in Tabo-tabo Forest, South Sulawesi - Indonesia
Authors: Maulany R.I. , Putra G.T.S. , Nasri N. , Hamzah A.S. , Ngakan P.O.
Published: November 2021

Sulawesi black crested macaque (Macaca maura) is one of the seven endemic macaque inhabited Sulawesi Island and is mainly found in the Southern part of Sulawesi. This species is classified as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation and Nature (IUCN). The aim of this research was 1) to examine the homerange ofM. mauraand daily activity of the species, 2) to determine tree species used by the species as diet sources and resting trees in Tabo-tabo Forest, Pangkep Regency (South Sulawesi – Indonesia). The home range was measured by connecting coordinate points passed by a moor macaque group in the area for 6 consecutive days. Meanwhile, daily activity of the species was monitored by using scan sampling method for sampled individuals in three observation periods. Direct observation was carried out to identify diet and resting tree species. It was found that the moor macaque group had 22.06 ha width of home range with the total distance around 6.64 km. The daily distance spent by the group was between 0.9-1.5 km or in average was 1.1 km. The highest activities known to be feeding (30.4%) and then followed by moving (25.3%). While resting activities was allocated for 24.7%. The least activities recorded were social activities (19.6%). Tree species used by the group as diet and resting trees wereAnthocephalus chinensisandDracontomelon dao.The tree species known to be a diet tree only wereGarcinia nervosa,Arenga pinnata, Flacourtia rukam, Ficus.sp,Eugenia cuminii, Gastonia serratifolia, Mangiferasp.,Spondias dulcis, andMuntingia calabura.
Identification of insects associated with ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) as an endemic tree to Sulawesi
Authors: Nuraeni Sitti , Rajab Marwan , Tumanan  , Wahyudi Diky
Published: November 2021

The population of ebony trees in Sulawesi has decreased and has been included in Appendix II Cites, which means it can only be traded based on quotas. Insect studies on ebony stands are still limited, especially in South Sulawesi. This study aims to determine the diversity and association of ebony with insects found in ebony stands in the Hasanuddin University Education Forest, Maros Regency. This activity was carried out in June 2021. Sampling was carried out using the light trap method for winged insects with nocturnal activity and pitfall traps for insects crawling on the ground. Data analysis to determine the diversity of insect species was carried out using the Shannon-Wiener (H') species and the Margalef index. The results showed that the insects found were 8 orders, 20 families, and 28 species from 128 individuals. Based on analysis of their functional role, the insect complexes consist of 34% herbivores, 50% predators, 8% parasitoids, 14% detritivores and 2% transient species. The diversity of species was classified as moderate, namely 2.71, while the richness index value of 5.56, which was classified as high richness in Ebony Stands.
Engineered bamboo: The promising material for building and construction application in Indonesia
Authors: Supriadi A , Trisatya D R
Published: November 2021

There is a rising gap between supply and demand of wood as building and construction materials. The search of alternative materials to fill in the gap is an urgent concern. Bamboo is one of locally abundant resources; 88 out of 135 species growth in Indonesia is an endemic. It is a renewably material and has comparable characteristics to wood. Notable efforts to reduce the variability of raw bamboo have led to the improved physical and mechanical properties of the engineered bamboo. Laminated bamboo and hybrid laminated bamboo-wood had superior wood strength in comparison to the raw materials. Laminated bamboo produced from andong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea (Steud.) Widjaja), mayan (Gigantochloa robusta Kurz), vertically laminated andong bamboo comparable to wood strength class I, I-II and II, respectively. Furthermore, hybrid laminated bamboo-wood andong-manii (Maesopsis eminii Engl.), andong-mayan-jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.) comparable to wood strength class II and III, respectively. The properties improvement of engineered bamboo demonstrates the potential application of laminated bamboo as a substitution for building and construction material.
Development of sago drying with environmentally friendly techniques
Authors: Yulismayanti  , Waris Abdul , Muhidong Junaedi
Published: November 2021

One of the drying machines that is commonly used by in industry is a rack-type dryer. However, the rack-type drying machine has generally fairly low efficiency. A rack-type dryer has been designed which was equipped with a hybrid mechanism, but is its performance not yet known when it is controlled by an expert control system. The purpose of this research was to produce an expert control system that can be applied to a rack-type dryer with a hybrid system mechanism which can improve the performance of the dryer. The research includes the development of expert rules applied to the control system and a series of tests was carried out using 10 kg of fresh sago starch. The test results show that the drying air temperature did not show any overshoot and short settling time, drying temperature is relatively stable and there was no steady state error. The drying rate of fresh sago starch can be increased by using the hybrid system. The use of electric power with the hybrid system was lower (5.78 kWh) compared to that of non-hybrid (6.88 kWh) or a reduction of about 16% compared to the non-hybrid system. Thermal efficiency of the rack-type dryer with the expert control system was about 36%.
Alternative medium for the growth of endophytic fungi
Authors: Syamsia Syamsia , Idhan Abubakar , Latifah Husnah , Noerfityani Noerfitryani , Akbar Aidil
Published: November 2021

Medium for the growth of endophytic fungi generally uses Potato Dextrose Agar media, but because the price is expensive, it is necessary to find materials for alternative media from organic materials that are easy to obtain and inexpensive. The legume group was one of the alternative ingredients as the source of protein, corn, and rice as the source of carbohydrates for the growth medium. This study aimed to determine the potential of organic matter such as rice, corn, and legumes as a medium for the growth of endophytic fungi. The research methods included: rejuvenation of endophytic fungus isolation, preparation of organic medium from rice, corn, legumes, and potatoes, growth test of endophytic fungus on 4 types of organic media.
Analysis of agroforestry tree species composition and coffee cultivation production tropical highlands, Aceh Tengah - Indonesia
Authors: Samsuri  , Zaitunah Anita , Ahmad Alfan Gunawan , Rizkana
Published: November 2021

Agroforestry system is a mixed plantation between cultivation planting and tree species in a forest land area. Coffee with a shade tree is commonly found out as an agroforestry system in Aceh Tengah highlands. Many farmers choose tree species suit for coffee to support coffee productivity. This research aimed to identify the planting of shade trees and coffee; what kinds of species mainly be grown by farmers. The research found that most farmers prefer to plant Leucaena leucocephala than other species causes the benefit of Leucaena leucocephala species. Coffee farmers should use trees as a protective crop to increase the total coffee production. Use Leucaena leucocephala as a protective tree because Leucaena leucocephala root contains rhizobium, helping coffee production.
Diversity of fungi in decomposition process the Avicennia marina leaf litter at various level of salinity
Authors: Yunasfi  , Derita  , Susetya Ipanna Enggar , Leidonald Rusdi
Published: November 2021

Factors affecting the rate of the decomposition are animals and microorganisms such as worms, snails, bacteria, fungi etc. as well as environmental conditions, such as type of soil, pH and salinity of water, etc. This research was conducted at the Deli Belawan River and Forest Cultivation Laboratory, Medan, North Sumatra Sumatera. A study was undertaken to find out the effect of the salinity on : the number of species, the population, the species diversity and the frequency of colonization of the different species of fungi during the process of the composition of the A. marina leaf litter decomposition. The leaf litter of A. marina to be put in a litter bag that is 50 g and it’s 33 litter bags for each level of salinity totally. The level of salinity to be used such as < 10, 10 – 20, 20 – 30 and > 30 ppt. The time series to collect data were 0 (control), 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, and 165 days. The leaf litter of A. marina in a litter bag was taken from each salinity level that was three bags for each time. It was used for isolation and identification of the fungi. There were 21 fungal species isolated from the A. marina leaf litter before being decomposed and from those decomposed at < 10, 10 – 20, 20 – 30 and > 30 ppt. The highest population was found in the leaf litter before being decomposed with an average of 1.6 × 103 cfu/ml. The Species Diversity Indices of the fungi isolated from the leaf litter at < 10, 10 – 20, 20 – 30, and > 30 ppt were 1.96, 1.86, 1.75 and 1,50. The frequency of the fungal colonization ranged from 9.1 to 100 %.
Relationship between water quality, sanitation and hygiene on environmental health of community settled on Kahayan River Bank, Palangka Raya
Authors: Astoeti D D , Gumiri S , Neneng L , Ardianoor
Published: November 2021

People in Central Kalimantan province have long depended on the rivers around their villages. Yet, reports from the local health service show that the five diseases with the most patients are related to environmental factors, such as sanitation of water reservoirs and sanitation of home yards. This study aims to analyze the relationship between water quality, sanitation, and hygiene on environmental health in settlements on the banks of the Kahayan River. Data on sanitation, hygiene, and public health status were collected through observation and interviews, while river water quality was tested in the laboratory. The water to be analyzed was taken from three spots, namely upstream and downstream of the river, which are located out of the city, and the middle of river stream in the city centre. The results showed that the quality of water, sanitation, and hygiene in the city centre did not have a significant effect on environmental health even though the Environmental Heat Risk Assessment (EHRA) in the area showed poor scores. The study concludes that waste, as well as clean and healthy living behaviour is the biggest sanitation risks for environmental health. Synchronization of programs by related agencies could facilitate the arrangement of settlements on the riverbanks.
Population of Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis lavatus) in Manggar River, Balikpapan City, Indonesia
Authors: Mediawati Ike , Muslim Teguh , Ma’ruf Amir , Mukhlisi  , Seputro Hery , Sitepu Bina Swasta
Published: November 2021

A population estimation of proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) has been conducted in Manggar River, Balikpapan. In this non-conservation area, the anthropogenic activities threaten the proboscis monkey habitat. Boat survey technique was applied along ± 17 km of the river in the morning and evening. The number of proboscis monkeys in the surveyed area was estimated to range from 57 to 69 individuals with estimated population density of 4.75 individuals/Km2. Moreover, the population of this primates was divided into 4 groups and the sex ratio between adult males and females was 1:2.33. The proboscis monkeys were distributed in the middle of the river to the upstream. The highest population was found in the upstream area with less human activities. Conservation efforts in the Manggar River need to be carried out considering the proboscis monkey habitat in the area has been fragmented and isolated. These efforts could involve local economic communities.
Partnership pattern for tapping pine SAP in groups community forest area in Cenrana District, Maros Regency
Authors: Mayangsari Irna , Dassir Muh. , Makkarennu
Published: November 2021

This research aims to formulate a strategy for developing the pine resin for forest farmer groups community forest (KTH HKM). The location of this research is in Cenrana Baru Village, Cenrana Distric, Maros Regency. The number of respondents was 30 people, consist of 15 tapping farmers, one person from a non-government organization, 2 persons from community leaders and head of farmer group community. Data analysis is conducted descriptively and by using Analytical hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that the partnership between wiretapping and wire transfer is a pattern of agribusiness between the wire company and the village head without involving KTH HKM. The partnership pattern that needs to be developed in reprocessing at the HKM area is a sub-contract pattern by KTH against sad-workers and pine gum entrepreneurs. The formulation of the strategy for developing a partnership pattern for pine resin tapping is assistance, human resource development and business management.
Impact of land use change on hydrological conditions in the Karajae watershed, South Sulawesi Province
Authors: A Chairil , Rijal Syamsu , Nursaputra Munajat , Mappiase Muh. Faisal
Published: November 2021

Land use is a representation of activities and utilization of land resources by the community. Land use has a big influence on the hydrological condition of a watershed. One of the small watersheds, in general, is the Karajae watershed, but it has a very large impact on the City of Pare-Pare, and the surrounding community. The Karajae watershed is the main water source for the people of Pare-Pare and agriculture. This study aims to analyze land use patterns that have a major impact on hydrological conditions in the Karajae watershed. The analysis begins with remote sensing methods to interpret land use using Landsat 7 image data in 2010 and Landsat 8 imagery in 2020. Next, analyze the pattern of land use change in detail in each forest area with a geographic information system approach. Analysis of hydrological conditions using the Soil and Water Assessment Tools approach with the input of the land use data. Land use Change 2010-2020 in the Karajae watershed shows additional land use in the form of settlements, rice fields, and dryland agriculture as a form of community activity. There are two forest areas in the Karajae watershed, namely production forest and protected forest. Production forest is dominated by dryland agriculture in the form of corn, beans, and horticulture, while the protected forest is dominated by and secondary dryland forest. This has an impact on hydrological conditions that there are fluctuations in discharge and an increase in sediment a decade ago. Optimal application of forest functions reduces discharge and sediment. Different forest planning for each forest function and land use within. Production forest with many activities directed towards community-based forest management such as community forest and village forest. As for the Protected Forest, which is dominated by grassland and shrubs, forest rehabilitation is carried out.
Decrease levels of total suspended solid in tofu liquid waste using biocoagulant charcoal
Authors: Saenab Sarti , Ramadhani Rahmat Zarkasyi , Usman  , Majid Makhrajani , Rahim Iradhatullah
Published: November 2021

A coagulant is a chemical needed by water to help settle small particles that cannot settle on their own. Meanwhile, total suspended solids (TSS) result from filter dissolved solids by gravity deposition, usually in chloride particles, and indicate the sedimentation rate. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bio coagulants to reduce levels of total suspended solids (TSS) in liquid tofu waste to find out which one is more effective as a bio coagulant in liquid tofu waste. This research is experimental, consisting of 2 stages: the manufacture of charcoal from bio coagulants and the measurement of total suspended solids (TSS) levels. The data collected were tabulated and then analyzed descriptively. Three types of bio coagulants used were tamarind seeds, coffee husks, and cocoa pods. The results showed that there was a decrease in the TSS value before and after coagulation was given. The highest TSS reduction was obtained from bio coagulant charcoal from cocoa pods which reached 54.28% for a coagulant dose of 2 mg/l, while for a coagulant dose of 5 mg/l it could reduce TSS by 70.71%. It means the cocoa pods waste have a potential to use as coagulant to control sedimentation in the environment.
Site selection for captive habitat of Cervus unicolor case study: Area suitability for captive C. unicolor in district of Tanah Laut South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Kissinger  , Fithria Abdi , Rahmadi Adi , MNP Rina , Nurhakim
Published: November 2021

Cervus unicolor is an animal with a protected status under government regulations in Kalimantan. Conservation efforts for this species can be done through captivity. This study aims to analyze the suitability of the area for captive C.unicolor with additional functions as educational tourism. The research location that will determine the feasibility of captive C.unicolor in Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan consists of 3 selected locations. Data was collected by direct field observation and interviews. Secondary data collected in the form of thematic layers and other land characteristics data. Environmental characteristics that became the main study points in captivity of C.unicolor were analyzed descriptevely. The feasibility of the location for captivity was analyzed by weighting several parameters approach. Some of the feasibility parameters assessed are accessibility, topography, grazing area, shade, water sources, and savety aspects. The mapping of the assessed captive locations was analyzed using Arc Gis Software. The results of the analysis show that the location of the Gunung Kayangan tourist area is the most recommended area for captive C.unicolor. The disadvantage of this area compared to the other 2 options is the limited water source which can be overcome by optimizing existing water bodies as reservoirs for water supply for captive C.unicolor.
Spatial of model deforestation model based on physical factors in South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi provinces period 1990-2019
Authors: Rijal Syamsu , Ilyas Ardisthamudi , Barkey Roland , Yani Nisma , A Chairil , Nursaputra Munajat
Published: November 2021

One of the causes of decrease forest functions is deforestation. Deforestation is a nonforest cover change activity that affects the decrease function of forest ecosystems. South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi Provinces are two areas that have experienced high deforestation. The area of forest in South and West Sulawesi in 1990 amounted to 2,550,946.13 ha. The number decreased in 2019 amounted to 2,213,628.88 ha. This study aims to identify and understand the spatial model of deforestation based on biophysical driving factors in South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi Provinces from 1990 to 2019. Materials used in this study were Statistics Data Centers in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2019, Deforestation Profiles at South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi, literature supporting research. Data analysis used PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method. The results of this research explain that the driving factors the occurrence of deforestation in each location of the most influential research is the factor of the road, the closer the forest area to the road the higher the public desire to penetrate the forest area in addition, facilitate agricultural activities to distribute forest products and logs felling. River factors also have a role in the occurrence of deforestation, the community is very dependent on water needs primarily for agricultural land and plantations. In addition, the slope and altitude factors are also quite influential on the occurrence of deforestation due to the clearing of land in a fairly flat area with low altitude as in the Regency Bone and North Luwu, South Sulawesi province is very visible influence over the topographic areas of mountains and steep as in the Regency of Mamuju and Mamasa Regency, West Sulawesi Province. Areas with such topography, have a low level of accessibility so that the pressure and disturbance are low enough from the community.
Potential health disaster risks due to Ciliwung River Water quality in DKI Jakarta
Authors: Apriyadi RK , Winugroho T , Widana IDKK , Subiyanto A
Published: November 2021

DKI Jakarta is one of the provinces with the highest flood risk in Indonesia. 13 rivers divide Jakarta from upstream to downstream, one of which is the Ciliwung River. However, at this time, the Ciliwung River was asked to be one of the dirtiest rivers in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of physical parameters (TSS), chemical parameters (BOD, COD, Total Phosphate), and microbiological parameters (Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform) in the Ciliwung River, along with the potential health disaster risks from various parameters studied based on literature review. The method used is descriptive quantitative with secondary data sources in the form of monitoring data on the water quality of the Ciliwung River, which was carried out for four periods in April, June, July and August at 21 points spread along with upstream to downstream. The results showed that the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters had passed the specified standard thresholds and had the potential for a public health disaster due to exposure to organic compounds and microorganisms in the Ciliwung River. Further efforts related to disaster need to be carried out in a Penta helix manner so that disaster risk reduction efforts can be carried out as a whole.
The NDVI algorithm utilization on the google earth engine platform to monitor changes in forest density in mining area
Authors: Nursaputra Munajat , Larekeng Siti Halimah , Nasri  , Hamzah Andi Siady
Published: November 2021

Periodic forest monitoring needs to be done to avoid forest degradation. In general, forest monitoring can be conducted manually (field surveys) or using technological innovations such as remote sensing data derived from aerial images (drone results) or cloud computing-based image processing. Currently, remote sensing technology provides large-scale forest monitoring using multispectral sensors and various vegetation index processing algorithms. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, a geospatial dataset platform, in the Vale Indonesia mining concession area to improve accountable forest monitoring. This platform integrates a set of programming methods with a publicly accessible time-series database of satellite imaging services. The method used is NDVI processing on Landsat multispectral images in time series format, which allows for the description of changes in forest density levels over time. The results of this NDVI study conducted on the GEE platform have the potential to be used as a tool and additional supporting data for monitoring forest conditions and improvement in mining regions.
Community perceptions and conceptions of the impact of forest and land fires in Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province
Authors: Yuliana Nurul , Supriatna Jatna , Winarni Nurul Laksmi
Published: November 2021

Forest and land fires have a very bad impact on the economic, social, health and ecological sectors. Forest and land fires in Bengkalis Regency are influenced by several factors, including human Negligence, and land contour factors, according to BPPT 69.69% of the Bengkalais area is a peat area that is prone to decreasing water levels causing drought. Drought on peatlands triggers forest and land fires in the dry season. This research was conducted to determine the community’s perception and conception of the impact of forest and land fires. Primary data and research information were obtained through observation and interviews. The research sample was obtained from 12 villages from 4 sub-districts in Bengkalis Regency, the names of the villages are Bukit Kerikil, Tanjung Leban, Sepahat, Temiang, Bad Bakul, Dompas, Muara Dua, Bandar Jaya, Sumber Jaya, Tasik Serai Barat, East Serai Lake, Cliff Lake. Lemongrass. Respondents who have been interviewed as many as 120 people. Data analysis was done descriptively. From the interviews conducted, it was found that the public perception was quite high. Communities understand that their participation in and monitoring of forest and land use is critical to reducing forest and land fires.
Nesting habitat and honey production of asiatic honey bees (Apis cerana) in the protected forest in Enrekang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Hikmah  , Daud M , Andi  , Baharuddin
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the characteristics of nesting habitat, harvesting techniques, and honey production of Asiatic honey bee (Apis cerana) in the protected forest in Enrekang Regency, Indonesia. Data was collected in the form of primary and secondary data. Data is collected by observation, survey, and literature study then analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. The results showed that the Asiatic honey bee hunting technique by local communities in the protected forest in Enrekang Regency was carried out traditionally during the flowering season, especially in September and October. Asiatic honey bees nest in stone cavities or cracked stones around flowering plants in elevation 976.9-1.085.1 masl. Depth of stone cavities nest ranges between 40-70 cm, height ranges between 20-60 cm, width ranges between 60-100 m, temperature and humidity in stone cavities nest vary between 23-26,9 °C and 70-87%, respectively. The average weight of honeycomb is 1.137,5 g produces an average honey 250.58 g, beeswax 250.58 g, bee bread 169.17 g, and bee brood (eggs, larvae, pupa) 105.42 g. Honey bee yields average is 17.20%, bee wax 60.05%, bee bread 13.97%, and bee brood (larvae, eggs, and pupae) 8.78%.
Taxonomical and functional diversity of microbial communities in two hot springs of the Baikal rift zone
Authors: Barkhutova D D , Buryukhaev S P , Dambaev V B , Tsyrenova D D , Lavrentyeva E V
Published: November 2021

The Baikal Rift Zone hosts many hot springs with a wide range of temperature and physical-chemical conditions, which may harbour different niches for the distribution of microbial communities. We investigated microbial community composition and their functional activity in two alkaline hot springs with a temperature range of 34.4 to 73.6°C. Comparative analysis of the composition of the dominant taxa showed significant differences depending on the collection sites. In the community of high-temperature zones with a water temperature of 55-64°C, a high proportion of thermophilic bacteria Acetothermia (up to 57.9%), Deinococcus-Thermus (up to 50%), and Aquificae (up to 10.8%). Proteobacteria (29-77%) and Firmicutes (15-26%) dominate in the sulphide-free Garga spring (73-75°C). The functional analysis of the microbial community showed that the primary producers are cyanobacteria, anoxygenic phototrophs, and chemolithotrophic bacteria. At the terminal stages of the mineralization of organic matter, sulphate-reducing bacteria are the main destructors in the microbial communities in hot springs. The cyano-bacterial and sulfidogenic microbial communities play an important role in the formation of geochemical barriers and mineral formation.
Chemical component depositions in the microbial mats and travertine in the Khoito-Gol thermal spring (Eastern Sayan)
Authors: Kashkak E S , Khakhinov V V , Danilova E V , Oorzhak U S , Dagurova O P
Published: November 2021

The results of studies of the chemical composition of water, travertine, and microbial mats in the Khoito-Gol mineral spring (Eastern Sayan) are presented. It was shown that the formation of mineral deposits, travertine, and microbial mat is connected with the active functioning of microorganisms and geological and geodynamic conditions. It has been revealed that the diversity of cyanobacterial and sulfur microbial mats increases as the distance from the springs of the thermal water grows. Microbial mats are hardened with carbonates being converted into solid travertine crusts that are built upon the top of older structures to form multi-meter domes. The concentration function of the microbial mats and thermal water showed higher coefficients of accumulation of nickel and beryllium.
Lepidoptera of black taiga in Transbaikalia, East Siberia
Authors: Gordeev S Yu , Gordeeva T V
Published: November 2021

Based on the studies conducted in 2012-2020 on the key plots of mixed fir tree woodlands that grow within the Ulan-Burgasy Mountain range, the authors identified a special nemoral group of lepidopterans, that typically inhabit ocean coastline mixed and broad-leaved forests. Another peculiarity of this area is the presence of species atypical for the major part of the Transbaikal Region:Spialia orbiferHbn.,Leucodonta bicoloriaDen. et Schiff.,Furcula bifidaBrahm (Sub-boreal group);Laothoe populiL. (Central Palearctic group); andFeralia sauberiGraes. (Palearchearctic group). The comparison of Lepidoptera faunas on the key plots and other forest and forest-steppe habitats in the Transbaikal Region revealed their high similarity (more than 80%) to the Ulan-Burgasy humid forests that grow near Baikal and mixed fir tree taiga forests of the Khamar-Daban Ridge.
Genetic differentiation of Coregonus muksun in natural populations and broodstocks of fish rearing farms “Forvat” and “Sobsky” in relation to the problem of restoring the species population in Western Siberia
Authors: Yalkovskaya L E , Krokhaleva M A , Bogdanov V D , Borodin A V
Published: November 2021

With regard to the problem of restoring the muksun (Coregonus muksun) population in Western Siberia by means of artificial regeneration, the genetic differentiation of natural populations and broodstocks of fish rearing farms “Forvat” and “Sobsky” was studied. Eighty-four sequences of mtDNA (3,006 bp) containing the highly polymorphic genes ND1 and ND2 were analysed. The differences between the populations of Western and Eastern Siberia were revealed. These findings must be taken into account when attempting to restore the species population in each particular region. The genetic closeness of the muksun from fish rearing farms “Forvat” and “Sobsky” with muksun from the Ob-Taz basin gives grounds for using these broodstocks for seeding the Ob and Taz rivers.