bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erotism as a Means of Forgetfulness in Gao Xingjian’s Le Livre d’un homme seul
Authors: Bienvenu NANKEU Bernard
Published: September 2021

Forgetfulness is not necessarily a lapse of memory. There exists a type of forgetfulness which has to do with a quest of knowledge. It is a happy or voluntary forgetfulness. Individuals or human beings are in quest of this type of forgetfulness when they find themselves “threatened” either by a sorrowful or atrocious past, when they feel pains to brood over a past event. This therefore creates in the mind of individuals a state of depression, making their conscience stricken with unhappiness and painfulness. The narrator in Gao Xingjian’s Le Livre d’un homme seul shows a strong willingness to forget about Chinese Industrial Revolution. In his determination to forget about the past, the narrator resorts to erotism and the company of women as an outlet. The following question can therefore be asked: what relationship does the writer establish between these two notions which are apparently distinct? How does he move from erotism to forgetfulness? This paper attempts to provide answers to these questions while questioning the notions of erotism and forgetfulness in order to bring out the relationship that the novelist establishes between these two worlds where everything seems to be opposed, one being psychic and spiritual; the other being sensual and physical.
Optimized Hybrid Model for Gaussian Noise Reduction images
Authors: Farhi Lubna , Yasir Agha , Rehman Farhan Ur , Zardari Baqar A. , Shakeel Ramsha
Published: September 2021

In this paper, image noise is removed by using a hybrid model of wiener and fuzzy filters. It is a challenging task to remove Gaussian noise (GN) from an image and to protect the image’s edges. The Fuzzy-Wiener filter (FWF) hybrid model is used for optimizing the image smoothness and efficiency at a high level of GN. The efficiency is measured by using Structural Similarity (SSIM), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). The proposed algorithm substitutes a mean value of the matrix for a non-overlapping block and replaces the total pixel number with each direction. In the proposed model, overall results proved that the optimized hybrid model FWF has an enormous computational speed and impulsive noise reduction, which enables efficient filtering as compared to the existing techniques.
Towards Social Networks Integrated Domain-Specific Business Directories: A Design Science Approach
Authors: Memon Atia B. , Bhutto Arifa , Luhana Kirshan K. , Abro Altaf H. , Meyer Kyrill
Published: September 2021

This research work relates to the paradigm of business pages hosted on social networking sites, as they are increasingly gaining attention among business organizations as a potential source of their community outreach. However, the social networking sites whilst offering several necessary community services, are currently lacking the support for the domain specific features of specific types of organizations such as research and innovation laboratories, educational and training institutes and many others. Undertaking a design science research approach, we investigate the stated problem in more detail in a specific type of organizations termed as Innovation Laboratories. As a result, we propose designing domain specific business directories while simultaneously integrating them with the business pages hosted on existing social networking sites. We demonstrate the feasibility and application of our proposed model through a web-based tool named as “SIDIL - Social networks Integrated Directory of Innovation Laboratories”. The tool has been evaluated by the experts running Innovation Laboratories and found effective in achieving its objectives. As a conclusion, we present a motivation towards designing next generation of online and integrated business networking platforms.
An Experimental Study on Biosorption of Fluoride from Water Using LocallyObtained Moringa Oleifera Seeds
Authors: Akhter Faheem , Jokhio Arsalan A. , Noonari Javed A.
Published: September 2021

Moringa Oleifera is considered to be a natural bio-adsorbent. Unlike chemical coagulants, Moringa Oleifera seeds are environment friendly with various other advantages. The present study investigated the fluoride removal efficiency of Moringa Oleifera from water. Influence of adsorbent dose (1, 2, 4 g/L), contact time (20, 40 and 60 min) and initial fluoride concentration (2 and 5 mg/L) over removal efficiency were determined and optimized. It was found that increased adsorbent dose and contact time enhanced the removal efficiency which is in agreement with the previous studies. The highest removal of 88.1% was achieved when the adsorbent dose and contact time were optimized to 4 g/L and 60 minutes with an initial fluoride concentration of 2 mg/L. The results showed that Moringa Oleifera can be used as an environment friendly, cheap and effective bio-adsorbent for fluoride removal from aqueous solution. All the experimental facilities were provided by Bio-Fuel Lab, Energy & Environment Department, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan. The samples were analyzed at the Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Tando Jam, Pakistan.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Incorporating Marble Powder as Partial Cement Replacement
Authors: Kanhar Rashid A. , Memon Muhammad J. , Sandhu Abdul R. , Jhatial Ashfaque A. , Mastoi Aamir K.
Published: September 2021

Pakistan is a country that has an abundance of quarry deposits. The marble and ceramics industry, such as the construction industry, plays a pivotal role in the development of a country by contributing to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, the marble and ceramics industry also adversely contribute to the growing solid waste management issues in the country, as Marble powder (MP), which comes from the marble industry, causes not only constant environmental and waste management problems, but also health issues for the people associated with the marble industry and surrounding residents. A lot of research has been done to reuse this MP waste productively. Since it contains significant amount of Silica content, it could potentially be used to partially substitute cement content in the development of eco-friendly sustainable concrete. The substitution of cement has become necessary due to the carbon footprint associated with the production of cement. This research is aimed at producing M30 grade concrete in which cement content is partially replaced with 5% and 10% MP and investigate its influence on the workability, compressive and flexural strength over time. It was found that MP could potentially be used to substitute cement content partially, thus contributing to sustainability in the construction industry, resolving the disposal of MP problems, and reducing cement dependency.
Optimal Tuning of Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Speed Control of DC Motor
Authors: Koondhar Mohsin A. , Keerio Muhammad U. , Talani Rameez A. , Samo Kamran A. , Bajwa Muhammad S. , Mugheri Noor H. , Channa Irfan A.
Published: September 2021

Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has become popular in the speed control application of DC motors with automatic adjustment function. In this article, the performance of a specific FLC controlled DC motor is studied. The exceed speed is observed with a stabilization time, thus confirming the FLC behavior. Therefore, FLC must be set to obtain the required performance by applying appropriate expert rules, the minimum overshoot and installation time can be maintained within the required values. With the help of FLC, the manual adjustment function is gradually eliminated, and the intelligent adjustment function is at the center position, and the performance is satisfactory. FLC DC motor speed control is implemented in MATLAB environment. The results show that the FLC method has the smallest bypass, smallest transient and steady-state error, and shows higher FLC efficiency as compared with other conventional controllers.
Comparison of C++ and Java in Implementing Introductory Programming Algorithms
Authors: Naveed Muhammad Shumail
Published: September 2021

Computer programming is the heart of computer science and C++ and Java are the most popular and widely used languages. The performance of C++ and Java programming languages has been benchmarked using robotics, numerical, genetic and evolutionary algorithms, but not using introductory programming algorithms. This article examined C++ and Java by analysing the implementation of novice algorithms of introductory programming courses by evaluating the difficulty, effort, time and delivered bugs of programs with Halstead software metrics. The study identified that Java is more difficult than C++ in the implementation of selected algorithms. Similarly, the efforts required to translate the novice algorithms in Java are higher than C++. The time involved in translating selected algorithms in C++ is lower than Java. Similarly, the number of delivered bugs in C++ is lower than Java. The study suggests that C++ is more suitable than Java for the implementation of introductory programming algorithms and reasonably more suitable for introductory programming courses. The study emboldens the programming linguists to do further analyses in contemplating other programming languages with Halstead software metrics and other kinds of algorithms.
The Design of a Shoe for the Analysis of Ambulation Pattern for Diverse Age-Cohort
Authors: Faiz Mehwish , Shakeel Choudhary S. , Zariwala Munira M. , Hassan Umer , Ilyas Fatema
Published: September 2021

Ambulation is one of the important activities of daily life aided by musculoskeletal system. However, with ageing due to muscle weakness and decreased range of motion of joints, different walking abnormalities may occur. These abnormalities may result in deviation of the spatio-temporal gait parameters. Mostly, alteration in pattern of locomotion has been observed with the increase in the age of an individual. This variation in the ambulation pattern and subsequent decrease in the gait parameters pertains to the onset of musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis as well as various postural abnormalities. Hence, wearable technologies can aid individuals to monitor their gait parameters efficiently and alert them in case there is a significant decrease. This paper describes the design of an Arduino based monitoring system which analyzes the two significant gait parameters: step length and ground reaction force (GRF). A diverse age cohort consisting of 70 healthy individuals with ages in the range of 18 years to 80 years were recruited for this study. The shoe prototype measures the step length and ground reaction force (GRF). This is accomplished by making use of sensors including a Force Sensitive Resistive sensor (FSR) and an Ultrasonic sensor. The FSR sensor exhibits the ground reaction force that the ground exerts on a body that comes in contact with it; whereas, the ultrasonic sensor measures the step length which pertains to the distance between the initial contact of one foot and the point of initial contact of the other foot. The results of the study show that with age there is a significant decrease in the ambulation parameters. Young participants were observed to exhibit higher values of step length and ground reaction force (GRF) as compared to older participants who exhibit significant decrease in the parameter values. The results also show that there is a significant difference between the age of the individuals and the step length and ground reaction force values. The decrease in the gait parameters with increasing age permits this shoe prototype to be used for clinical settings in the future and be able to analyze the onset of any musculoskeletal disorder.
An Experimental Analysis of Harmonic Distortion Indices In Home Based Electrical Appliances and Improvement Using Passive Filter
Authors: Bajwa Muhammad Shahzad , Keerio Muhammad Usman , Koondhar Mohsin Ali , Jamali Muhammad Ismail , Channa Irfan Ali
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, the growing use of non-linear loads in home appliances gives rise to harmonic pollution in the electrical power distribution system, which degrades the power quality. Many domestic appliances have power electronic converters that characteristically draw a non-sinusoidal current waveform. Short-term effects of non-linear appliances are causing malfunction and damage of electronic devices and long-term effects are thermal losses in equipment and cable, hasty aging, and reduced life period of devices. The whole impact depends on the power ratings and quantity of electrical appliances and their harmonic diversity. Usually, the existence of harmonics and their effects in a domestic zone are not monitored as compared to the industrial and commercial sectors. To ensure the quality of power, it is necessary that a harmonic study is carried out to identify the details of harmonic pollution that is polluting sources, the parameters or quantities they pollute in each instance, and effective improvement methods. In this paper, experimental analysis was performed which focuses on traditional single-phase home-based electrical appliances causing the quality of power down, and implementation of the passive filter is suggested for improvement in the quality of power. All experimental harmonic distortion measurements of home-based electrical appliances were performed in the power electronic laboratory of QUEST Nawabshah. Harmonic distortion indices measurements of home-based electrical appliances have been taken using the fluke power quality Analyzer (PQA) instrument. The analysis shows that from many types of loads, switch mode power supply (SMPS) based load is rich in harmonic distortion. Therefore, an equivalent model of SMPS load in MATLAB/Simulink is developed to analyze improvement in power quality by designing and implementation of the passive filter. The outcome of this research work will be helpful to make the source current sinusoidal by reducing harmonic distortion and thus improve the power quality.
Los grillos (G. sigillatus) como ingrediente novedoso para una dieta sostenible
Authors: Ambrosio Annamaria Filomena , Sotelo Díaz Luz Indira , Deaza Fernández María Paula , Ramírez Pulido Bibiana
Published: September 2021

Aunque el consumo de insectos puede generar sorpresa, y en algunas ocasiones rechazo y desconfianza, estos han sido parte de la dieta humana desde siglos atrás. El prestigio de este ingrediente varía según los hábitos alimenticios y costumbres culturales propias de cada comunidad o lugar particular del mundo. En países asiáticos, africanos y algunos latinoamericanos, los insectos comestibles son parte de la cotidianidad y pueden ser encontrados en comercios locales informales, así como en restaurantes de alto reconocimiento. En este capítulo se explica la entomofagia y se destacan los beneficios ambientales y nutricionales de la inclusión de insectos como el grillo (G. sigillatus) en la alimentación humana.
Didáctica y contradidáctica de la filosofía
Authors: Natal Álvarez Antonio
Published: September 2021

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Husserl, Heidegger, Zubiri
Authors: Gómez Cambres Gregorio
Published: September 2021

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La juventud actual entre el vértigo y el éxtasis
Authors: López Quintás Alfonso
Published: September 2021

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Sobre el principio y fundamento
Authors: Cilleruelo García Lope
Published: September 2021

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La condición del hombre en el mundo actual
Authors: Díaz Tortajada Antonio
Published: September 2021

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Análisis agustiniano de «crescite et multiplicamini» (Gen 1,28) (II)
Authors: Langa Aguilar Pedro
Published: September 2021

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Pequeña Antropología de los votos
Authors: Natal Álvarez Domingo
Published: September 2021

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III Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía Española
Authors: Albares Albares Roberto
Published: September 2021

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El cristocentrismo de san Agustín. El período antidonatista
Authors: Cilleruelo García Lope
Published: September 2021

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El nuevo Código de Derecho Canónico y algunos comentarios
Authors: Campo del Pozo Fernando
Published: September 2021

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¿Hay una antropología en el Documento de Puebla?
Authors: Alonso Román Eugenio
Published: September 2021

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El hombre ante Dios
Authors: Marcos Martínez Tomás
Published: September 2021

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Estudios recientes sobre la composición del Pentateuco
Authors: Mielgo Fernández Constantino
Published: September 2021

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Las ciencias del lenguaje y el lenguaje de las ciencias
Authors: Canal Díez Juan Antonio
Published: September 2021

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La utopía y la dialéctica vital de la Biblia, como característica esencial de la mentalidad de S. Agustín
Authors: Turrado Argimiro
Published: September 2021

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«Creo en Dios, Padre y Creador»
Authors: Sabugal Santos
Published: September 2021

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Los valores de la intimidad: iniciación a una antropología agustiniana
Authors: Campelo Moisés María
Published: September 2021

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Iranian Strategic Culture and “Ways of War” : The Role of Local Concepts and Narratives of “Game” and “Play”
Authors: Forough Mohammadbagher
Published: September 2021

The field of International Relations (IR) has in recent years begun accommodating non-Western approaches to understanding international politics. This article contributes to this emerging body of scholarship in the field by focusing on one such non-Western actor, Iran. More specifically, it examines the role of concepts and narratives related to games, play, competition, and sports in the construction of the Iranian strategic culture. It argues that such concepts emanating from Iranian culture, literature, history, and religious traditions (particularly Shiʿa Islam) have contributed to the formation and evolution of the Iranian strategic culture and ways of war in the last four decades. The article unpacks three such (sets of) concepts that are indispensable to understanding Iranian strategic culture, namely: (1) “victorious underdog,” (2) the two concepts of “stoic resistance” and “heroic flexibility,” and (3) the three interrelated concepts of sar-bāz (soldier), jān-bāz (being a disabled war veteran), and shahādat (martyrdom). The article concludes with some thoughts on further researching the role of such game-related concepts in understanding strategic cultures.
Good News about Resurrection
Authors: Henrichs-Tarasenkova Nina
Published: September 2021

In this article, I will use an approach that draws on the study of narrative and metaphor to investigate Luke’s concept of the resurrection from the dead. I will focus on the story of Jesus’s resurrection as articulated in the second part of Peter’s Pentecost speech (Acts 2:22–36), giving special attention to the possible interpretations of the phrase lysas tas ōdinas tou thanatou/hadou (2:24), upon which the conceptualization of resurrection hinges. I will analyze two commonly articulated interpretations of this text’s multi-dimensional imagery and reflect on possible conceptual frameworks that support those interpretations. Then, I will offer two distinct ways of conceptualizing the resurrection from the dead based on my understanding of the phrase and its nuances that come from the context of labor. My goal is to give voice to this puzzling and underappreciated text and to expand possibilities for imagining it as good news.
Embodied Cognition and the Foundational Eucharistic Texts
Authors: Howe Bonnie
Published: September 2021

This study uses an array of cognitive linguistics methods to show how embodied cognition is displayed in the Markan and Pauline eucharistic texts, as well as to consider some ways embodied cognition enables and animates modern readers’ interpretations. A suite of related cognitive linguistic models is presented and deployed: embodied simulation; conceptual Ground; mental spaces, networked and blended; image schemas; conceptual metaphor; semantic frames; and frame metonymy. Embodied cognition allows three things to happen. First, it animates the analogical thinking necessary for biblical interpretation and theological reflection. At the same time, the processes of embodied cognition allow modern Bible-reading communities to enter the narrative worlds of these ancient texts and experience them together in the present tense. Present-tense simulation of the texts allows (but does not determine or force) these experiences to become memories that can anchor and enliven current koinōnia, the community of the new covenant.
The Background and Implications of the Language of New Birth in 1 Peter
Authors: Joseph Abson Prédestin
Published: September 2021

Using Joel Green’s contribution as a starting point, this essay examines the background and implications of the language of “new birth” in 1 Peter. It surveys selected passages from Scripture and other Jewish literature to highlight the affinities between these texts and 1 Peter. It demonstrates that the similarities are not limited to the linguistic use of new birth and other related metaphors. These texts share a larger pool of conceptual themes that are characteristic of texts about Israel’s election, its exilic and diasporic existence, and God’s saving acts on behalf of his people.
On Writing a Commentary
Authors: Thompson Marianne Meye
Published: September 2021

Readers of Scripture have always engaged in its interpretation. A particularly focused contemporary form of scriptural interpretation is found in biblical commentaries, which provide information about the language and the literary and sociocultural contexts of biblical texts and offer guidance for understanding them. These have long been the concerns of interpreters of biblical texts, as a sampling of ancient Jewish translations (Targums, Septuagint) and various genres of biblical interpretation (pesharim, “rewritten Bible”) show. This essay discusses the task of writing a commentary on Scripture in light of the questions raised by ancient Jewish interpretation and in dialogue with Joel Green’s understanding of theological interpretation.
Beginning with the End: 1 Timothy 1:3–6 and Formative Theological Education
Authors: Heringer Seth
Published: September 2021

Institutions of Christian higher education are currently facing numerous and substantial challenges pressuring them to direct resources into training students in professional skills and away from religious and moral formation. Contrary to this prevailing movement, Joel Green has emphasized that Christian education should be orientated toward the church with the goal of forming students to love God with their whole being. This article will argue that Green’s position is rooted in 1 Tim 1:3–6, where Paul juxtaposes heterodox and orthodox instruction. Heterodox instruction seeks “myths” and “genealogies,” leading to worthless arguments and the destruction of relationships. Orthodox instruction teaches about God’s ordering of the world according to his plan as revealed in the gospel. The telos of orthodox instruction is love brought about by three penultimate ends: “a pure heart, a good conscience, and a sincere faith.” If these ends are to be sought by Christian institutions, then formative instruction is a biblically mandated, essential aim that must be sought through institution-wide efforts and measured like other educational outcomes.
Embracing healthcare delivery challenges during a pandemic. review from a nodal designated COVID-19 center in qatar
Authors: Barman Manish , Hussain Tanweer , Abuswiril Hatem , Noor Illahi Memon , Sharif Muhammad , Talat Saman Harman , Hassan Magdi , Gaafar Mohamedali , Abu Junaid , Ahmad Muayad Kasem Khaled , Abou Kamar Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Hospitals and healthcare systems are instrumental in the formulation and delivery of a coordinated response to disaster management especially epidemics. In healthcare policy and strategy formation, there are only trade-offs, which with uncertainty are akin to gambles. National organizations play a key role in pandemics through the expression of physician motivation. Effective strategies can facilitate physician action through economies of scale that lower the costs for physicians to meet both community and patients' needs. Moreover, no matter how well clinicians are motivated and positioned to act, their collective actions are likely to fall short without complementary systems for population-based care that require the operational support of an organization. This review of institutional policy implementation and frameworks intends to highlight how a nodal-designated COVID-19 center in Qatar managed to control the menace by altering its procedural sets and work arrangements to augment an integrated, intrinsic response to a briskly emerging, conceivably complex situation. This outcome was achieved under the guidance of a national leadership team, effectively adapted to its specific challenges by building on current medical evidence, management routines, proficiencies, and health system capacity. This ambitious drive started with the cohesion of services and implementation of evidence-based protocols by assigning a physician-led team to research, strategize and organize improved patient flow and information by arranging analytical compliance and preparedness. Through these service approaches and ongoing efforts, HMGH has realized significant outcome improvements, such as increasing capacity building, reducing healthcare waste, and increasing patient satisfaction rates whilst successfully achieving significantly lower COVID-19 mortality both in terms of absolute numbers and as percent population compared to many developed countries in the world. The strategies outlined in this article might not be all-inclusive or fit other healthcare system models, but they generate a veritable interest to pursue and be subjected to further rigorous study.
Fen Bilimleri Öğretmenlerinin Yeni Yaklaşım, Yöntem ve Teknikleri Bilme ve Kullanma Düzeyleri ile Mesleki Tükenmişlikleri
Authors: OKUMUŞOĞLU Onur , GEÇİKLİ Esra
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin fen öğretimindeki yeni yaklaşım, yöntem ve teknikleri bilme ve kullanma düzeylerini ve mesleki tükenmişliklerini belirlemek ayrıca aralarındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu araştırma deneysel olmayan desenlerden ilişkisel tarama yönteminin kullanıldığı nicel bir araştırmadır ve Erzurum ili merkez ilçelerinde görev yapan toplam 200 fen bilimleri öğretmeni ile yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama aracı olarak fen öğretiminde Yeni Yaklaşım, Yöntem ve Teknikleri Bilme ve Kullanma Ölçeği ile Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri-Eğitimci Formu kullanılmıştır. Fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin yeni yaklaşım, yöntem ve teknikleri ne düzeyde bildiği ve kullandığı betimsel istatistikler ile ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış, bilme ve kullanma düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Ayrıca Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri-Eğitimci Formu ile fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarı alt boyutlarında tükenmişlik düzeyleri araştırılmış ve yeni yaklaşım, yöntem ve teknikleri bilme ve kullanma düzeyleri ile bu alt boyutlar arasındaki ilişki belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin yeni yaklaşım, yöntem ve teknikleri orta düzeyde bildikleri ve kullandıkları, ayrıca yeni yaklaşım, yöntem ve teknikleri bilme ve kullanma düzeyi arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarı alt boyutlarında yüksek tükenmişlik düzeyinde oldukları tespit edilmiş fakat öğretmenlerin yeni yaklaşım, yöntem ve teknikleri bilme ve kullanma düzeyleri ile tükenmişlikleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı görülmüştür.
Zara’nın Kuruluşu, Gelişmesi ve Fonksiyonları
Authors: ÖZDEMİR İbrahim , SOYLU Hasbi
Published: September 2021

Zara, İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nin doğusunda Yukarı Kızılırmak Bölümü’nde, Sivas ili yönetim sınırları içerisinde kalan bir ilçe merkezidir. Dağ sıralarının doğal yollar ile geçit verdiği iki akarsuyun kavşak noktasında bulunduğu yerler, yerleşmelerin kuruluş ve gelişmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Nitekim Zara, Kızılırmak’ın, yukarı çığırındaki kolu olan Küçük Dere ile birleştiği kesimde, antesedans olaylar sonucu oluşan boğazın bulunduğu noktada yerleşme nüvesini oluşturmaktadır. Buradan batıya açılan bir düzlüğe doğru, Zara Batı Platosunun güney eteğinde yer alan, kuzeyden gelen soğuk ve sert rüzgârlardan kendini koruyarak 1340 m yükseltideki doğal bir geçitte kurulmuştur. Bu geçit doğudan batıya giden ve Karadeniz’e açılan doğal yol güzergâhları üzerinde yer almaktadır. Kuruluş tarihi oldukça eski olan Zara, elverişli konumu ve topoğrafyanın sağladığı avantajla yerleşme çekirdeğini değiştirmeden günümüze kadar taşımıştır. Maddi kültür belgelerinden yerleşme tarihi prehistorik dönemlere kadar giden Zara’nın, Selçuklu ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin hâkimiyetinde olan bir yerleşim yeri (karye/ köy) olduğu bilinmektedir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulmasıyla birlikte gelişimine devam eden Zara, günümüzde 11558 nüfus ile küçük bir şehir özelliği taşımaktadır.
Gümrük Birliği Teorisi ve İktisadi Bağlamda Statik ve Dinamik Etkileri
Authors: EREM Nurullah
Published: September 2021

Küresel entegrasyon sistemi ülke ekonomileri için çeşitli risk ve tehditler oluşturmakla birlikte, bu ekonomiler için önemli fırsatları da bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Bölgesel ve küresel ölçekte yeni ekonomik dengeler kurulmaktadır. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ekonomiler için kırılganlığın arttığı bir ortamda hiç kuşkusuz bütün bu güç dengelerini uluslararası rekabet gücünden bağımsız değerlendirmek mümkün değildir. Bir taraftan GATT ve devamında DTÖ’nün uluslararası ticareti serbestleştirme yönündeki çabaları sonucunda dünya ticaretindeki liberalleşme eğilimleri güçlenirken, diğer taraftan bu serbestleşme düşüncesine ve uygulamalarına tezat olarak görülebilecek istisna kapsamında, 1950’lerden sonra başta gümrük birlikleri olmak üzere bölgesel ekonomik entegrasyonlar önemli bir ivme kazanmıştır. Bu bölgesel ekonomik entegrasyonların en önemlilerinden birisi gümrük birlikleridir. Bu çalışmamızda gümrük birliklerinin oluşumuna genel olarak değinildikten sonra, gümrük birliği teorisi ve iktisadi bağlamda statik ve dinamik etkileri ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilecektir.
An exploratory study of epistemic stance in results and discussion sections of medical research articles
Authors: DOĞAN Zeynep Nur , AKBAŞ Erdem
Published: September 2021

This study is a corpus-based investigation of how epistemic stance is signaled in medical discourse. In particular, we compiled a discipline-specific corpus of research articles from different fields of medicine ranging from anatomy to endocrinology to explore how particular resources are employed by authors to index their level of (un)certainty towards their propositions. The corpus of the study contained only the results and discussion sections of 100 published medical research articles, totaling approximately 215,000 words. The results of the corpus analyses showed that there was very frequent use of modal auxiliaries by the writers in the field of medicine to express their extra-propositional modality. It was also found that medical researchers did not employ a greater number of boosters to amplify their commitment to the propositions conveyed to the readers. However, the rhetorical uses of boosters were shown to be strategic to portray their higher level of confidence for the sake of credibility and interaction. The findings and implications are discussed with a particular focus on the teaching of writing as a part of English for academic purposes.
Dijital Ortamda Kültür Elçileri: Türkiye Mezunları
Authors: OKUMUŞ Meryem
Published: September 2021

Uluslararası alanda ülkelerin kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerini yürütürken en çok başvurduğu alanlardan biri de eğitimdir. Çünkü ülkelerin uluslararası eğitim programları aracılığıyla birçok ülkeyle siyasi, ekonomik, akademik ve kültürel anlamda işbirliği yapmaları ülkelere oldukça avantaj sağlamaktadır. Eğitim diplomasisi ile ülkeler arasında kültürel iletişim ve etkileşim de kurulmaktadır. Uluslararası öğrenciler de kültürel bağların korunması noktasında birer kültür elçisi görevi görmektedir. Türkiye dünyadaki diğer ülkelere nispeten eğitim diplomasisine son yıllarda yatırımlar yapmış olsa dahi Türkiye’deki uluslararası öğrenci sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Uluslararası öğrenciler mezun olup ülkelerine gittiklerinde onlarla kurulan ilişkilerin devam ettirtilmesi kültürel dağıtım ve etkileşim açısından çok önemlidir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye de uluslararası mezun öğrencilerle çeşitli platformlar aracılığıyla ilişkilerini sürdürme çabası içeresindedir. Mezunları bir araya getiren birçok dernek, federasyon ve oluşum bulunmaktadır. Aynı zamanda günümüz dijital dünyası da mezun öğrencileri bir araya getirme ve kültürel etkileşimin devamının sağlanmasında etkili araçların başında gelmektedir. Türkiye, uluslararası mezun öğrencileri ile dijital ortamlarda ilişkilerini sürdürmek amacıyla Yurtdışı Türkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Başkanlığı’nın (YTB) katkıları ile Türkiye Mezunları ismi ile bir dijital platform üzerinden mezunları ile bir araya gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda söz konusu oluşumun Türkiye’deki ilk oluşumlardan biri olması önem arz ermektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada eğitim diplomasisi bağlamında birer kültür elçisi olan uluslararası mezun öğrencilerin dijital kültür elçisi olmalarına imkân sağlayan Türkiye Mezunları dijital platformu betimleyici analiz yöntemiyle incelenmektedir.
The Theatre of Steven Berkoff and Sink the Belgrano!
Authors: CAN Taner
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Steven Berkoff is one of the living legends of British theatre. He has spent most of his adult life on stage. He has written, directed and acted in numerous plays. He has also appeared in many well-known movies, such as A Clockwork Orange (1971), Rambo (1985) and Underworld (1985). In spite of his multifaceted international career, little scholarly research has been conducted on Steven Berkoff’s art. The aim of this paper is to outline the key characteristics of Berkoff’s conception of theatre, usually referred to as Berkovian aesthetic, and present a political reading of his celebrated play, Sink the Belgrano! (1986). The play deals with The Falklands War between England and Argentina, particularly focusing on the events that led to the sinking of the Argentinian Navy light cruiser The General Belgrano by the British nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror. The play also reflects Berkoff’s tendency to bring together various experimental dramatic techniques. The present paper firstly highlights the key characteristics of Bekovian aesthetic and then presents a comprehensive analysis of Sink the Belgrano! as one of Berkoff’s quintessential plays.
Research and design of the moving system for the cobalt-60 industrial irradiator
Authors: Le Minh Tuan , Tran Khac An , Cao Van Chung , Phan Phuoc Thang
Published: September 2021

On the way of localization of Cobalt-60 industrial irradiators, Research and Development Center for Radiation Technology (VINAGAMMA) has successfully designed and manufactured the first version of Co-60 industrial irradiator, VINAGA1. The second version of Co-60 industrial irradiator has been studied and designed by VINAGAMMA in the frame of the scientific project No. ĐTCB.02/15/TTNCTK. The nucleus of a Co-60 industrial irradiator is a mechanical system inside an irradiation room namely a tote box moving system. This report presents the tote box moving system designed by VINAGAMMA. The tote box moving system contains 52 tote boxes with the dimensions of 50 cm (w) × 70 cm (l) × 150 cm (h) that are moving around the source racks in the manner of 4 passes and 2 levels. The irradiator with this tote box moving system has good specifications: The minimum time of an irradiation cycle is 1h 20 min. and the dose uniformity ratio (DUR) at the product densities of 0.1 g/cm3 and 0.5 g/cm3 is 1.4 and 1.8, respectively. Radiation energy utilization efficiency at the product densities of 0.1 g/cm3 and 0.5 g/cm3 is 19.7% and 48.8%, respectively. These specifications meet the requirements for a multi-purpose Co-60 industrial irradiator and the present irradiation requirements in Vietnam.
The effect of gamma-irradiation on graphene oxide in a monoglyceride/ethanol solution
Authors: Luu Anh Tuyen , Ha Thuc Huy , Nguyen Thanh Duoc , Doan Binh , Pham Thi Thu Hong
Published: September 2021

Gamma-irradiation effects on graphene oxide (GO) in a monoglyceride/ethanol (MG/EtOH) solution was investigated.  GO was dispersed in MG/EtOH solution (GOM) with the GO: MG ratio of 1:10 (w/w). The prepared GOM was irradiated by g-ray under nitrogen atmosphere in a range of absorbed dose from 0 to 50 kGy. The characteristics and morphology of reduced GOM were analyzed by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results confirmed that the structure of reduced graphene oxide in monoglyceride solution was changed and exfoliated completely after g-ray irradiation at absorbed dose 50 kGy compared with non-irradiation sample.
The efficient neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination with small active volume scintillation detector
Authors: Phan Van Chuan , Nguyen Duc Hoa , Nguyen Xuan Hai , Nguyen Ngoc Anh , Tuong Thi Thu Huong , Nguyen Nhi Dien , Pham Dinh Khang
Published: September 2021

A small detector with EJ-301 liquid scintillation was manufactured for the study on the neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination. In this research, four algorithms, including Threshold crossing time (TCT), Pulse gradient analysis (PGA), Charge comparison method (CCM), and Correlation pattern recognition (CPR) were developed and compared in terms of their discrimination effectiveness between neutrons and gamma rays. The figures of merits (FOMs) obtained for 100 ÷ 2000 keVee (keV energy electron equivalent) neutron energy range show the charge comparison method was the most efficient of the four algorithms.
Safety Analyses of VVER-1200/V491 reactor for longterm station blackout along with small LOCAs
Authors: Bui Thi Hoa , Hoang Tan Hung , Hoang Minh Giang
Published: September 2021

Performance of  Passive Heat Removal through Steam Generator (PHRS-SG) of VVER-1200/V491 reactor presented in Safety Analysis Report for Ninh Thuan 1 shows that in case of long term station black out (SBO),  VVER-1200/V491 reactor can be cooldown and remained in safety mode at least 24 hours based on PHRS-SG performance. Anyway, long term station blackout along with small break in main coolant pipe of VVER-1200/V491 is assumed to be happening as an extension design condition that needs to be investigated. This study focuses on investigation of SBO along with different size of small break of LOCAs with expectation of finding the range of break size that the reactor is still kept in safety mode during 24 hours. During the investigation, some indicators for fuel damage such as the timing of HA1 actuation or mass of coolant inventory discharged are introduced as necessary information contributed to Severe Accident Management Guideline (SAMG).
Calculation of neutron and gamma fluences on VVER reactor pressure vessel
Authors: Nguyen Huu Tiep , Pham Nhu Viet Ha , Nguyen Minh Tuan
Published: September 2021

Embrittlement is one of the most important effects affecting reactor pressure vessel (RPV) aging. RPV is irradiated with neutrons and gammas, especially fast neutrons, which mainly lead to embrittlement of RPV during operation lifetime of nuclear reactors. Therefore, the radiation-induced embrittlement of the RPV should be carefully evaluated. In this paper, a preliminary calculation was performed using the MCNP5 code to identify the areas in the RPV of the VVER-1000/V320 reactor where the neutron and gamma fluxes are maximum. Also, the neutron and gamma fluence distributions on the RPV were investigated and evaluated along with their energy spectra. These calculations are the starting point for the evaluation of radiation damage to RPV of VVER reactors.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF FLEMINGIA STROBILIFERA R.BR . ROOTS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN RAT MODELS
Authors: Anil kumar K. V. , Samhitha J. , Rama T.
Published: September 2021

Flemingia strobilifera R.Br. (Fabaceae), is a perennial plant traditionally used as an indigenous medicine for its pharmacological characteristics. The goal of our experimentation was to study the chloroform extract of F. strobilifera roots for its anti-inflammatory potential through anti-inflammatory models like carrageenan - elicited rat hind paw edema , cotton pellet - elicited granuloma formation, and carrageenan - elicited leucocyte to justify ethno-medicinal use of the plant. Indomethacin, a reference drug, was used to compare anti-inflammatory potential. The extract, administered respectively with a lower dose of 30 mg and 60 mg per kg body weight as higher dose, three hour post treatment, produced a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in the edema of paw and substantial decrease in implanted cotton pellets dry weight. We conclude that the chloroform extract of roots of F. strobilifera possess osedependent, anti-inflammatory activity.
Reflexões do direito a um saneamento básico adequado e sua relação no combate ao COVID-19
Authors: Anselmo Jose Roberto
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho tem objetivo de demonstrar e abordar, para que o ser humano tenha qualidade de vida o acesso ao abastecimento de água e ao esgotamento sanitário adequados é fundamental, sendo um direito garantido na Constituição Federal aos cidadãos. O método de pesquisa realizada por meio de doutrina, artigos científicos, relatórios e legislação, o resultado foi que muitos municípios brasileiros não disponibilizam um sistema de saneamento que atenda satisfatoriamente sua população, ocasionando problemas na área de saúde. Com o surgimento da pandemia da Covid-19, ficou mais evidente que a falta de estrutura de saneamento básico em diversos municípios, facilitou a propagação do vírus pela impossibilidade de milhões de pessoas, não fazerem com frequência a higienização pessoal principalmente das mãos e manter o distanciamento social, conforme as determinações do Ministério da Saúde. A ineficiência da prestação de serviço de saneamento atinge principalmente as pessoas que vivem em locais mais vulneráveis, como favelas ou periferias das cidades. O crescimento desordenado, a falta regulamentação legal e planejamento, além da prática de atos de corrupção, contribuíram pelo atual estado de deficiência que se encontram vários municípios nesse setor, que deve ser visto com prioridade pelo Estado para uma sadia qualidade de vida da população.
Desaparición forzada: práctica generalizada en México
Authors: Martinez Lazcano Alfonso Jaime
Published: September 2021

Se presentan dos casos: Rosendo Radilla Pacheco, que causó una revolución al sistema jurídico mexicano, cuyo punto central es la desaparición forzada, que por la gravedad es considerado delito de lesa humanidad, desde que sucedieron los hechos (1974) motivo del proceso interamericano, y el caso Alvarado Espinoza y otros (2009). La desaparición forzada ha sido práctica generalizada en México, en el contexto de ambos procesos, hay intervención de las fuerzas armadas en la violación de derechos humanos e impunidad. A pesar de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, de otros órganos convencionales del sistema universal y la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación que en algunos momentos, han censurado este ilícito pluriofensivo y continuado, pero la práctica no ha cesado, para empezar a disminuir este crimen no sólo se requieren criterios obligatorios, sino el cambio de la forma de proceder de los agentes del Estado, que sólo se va lograr cuando se sancione a los responsables, mediante investigaciones serias, exhaustivas, adecuadas, efectivas e imparciales, indagar la cadena de mando involucrada en la emisión de las órdenes ilegales recibidas a los militares implicados en la ejecución, además es fundamental conocer la verdad. Parte de la trascendencia del Caso Alvarado Espinoza y otros, es la reiteración de criterios emitidos en el caso Radilla Pacheco y los parámetros que deben observar las fuerzas armadas cuando participen en tareas de seguridad pública y los requisitos a cumplir en la investigación de este delito.
Citizenship and Civic Education: A Critical Elaboration on the Pedagogy of Rizal’s La Liga Filipina
Authors: Camposano Clement
Published: September 2021

Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s role in shaping Jose Rizal’s political ideas is a blurred spot in existing scholarship on the latter’s life and works. There seems to be an endemic lack of interest in this matter, with scholars preferring to explore Rizal through the optics of nationalism and/or liberalism, often in their attempt to construct the “unity” of his ideas. Aiming to fill this lacuna and unsettle established readings, this article explores Rizal’s decisive shift from Voltairean liberalism in favor of Rousseau’s vision of a cohesive civic body constituted through the social contract. It contends that the social contract theory and its associated concept of the “general will” could serve as bases for resolving the problem of fractiousness and excessive individualism Rizal observed among young expatriate Filipinos, a problem he became increasingly concerned with and nuanced his commitment to the campaign for liberal reforms. Putting on hold the obsession with a unified Rizal, this article asserts that invoking Rousseau’s vision crystallizes the meaning of La Liga Filipina—its place in the trajectory of Rizal’s thoughts and the educative role it was meant to play in relation to the Filipino nation as an ethical project. Finally, the article elaborates on this role, critically exploring its significance and implications for civic education using key sociological concepts and insights from the anthropology and sociology of education, as well as studies on the effectiveness of service-learning programs in promoting civic engagement and participation among young people. A critical elaboration on the pedagogy suggested by La Liga calls attention to how citizenship education might be situated in quotidian processes and spaces, how it is implicated in systems of inequality, and how it could open up new possibilities.
Research on Stock Return Rate
Authors: Yu Han
Published: September 2021

There is a certain relationship among stock return rate, market return rate and risk-free interest rate, which is worth discussing, and it is helpful for us to analyze stocks and evaluate their prices. I have found that the market return rate and risk-free rate have correlation through multiple regression, and other stock's return rate can affect the target stock to some extent. The stock return rate is positively related to the market interest rate and inversely related to the risk-free interest rate.
دور الحديد المخلبي Fe-EDTA والنيتروجين في تحسين نوعية بذور فول الصويا عند مستويين من حموضة التربة
Authors: شريف رباح سالم
Published: September 2021

نفذت تجربة داخل البيت البلاستيكي التابع لمحطة أبحاث التكنولوجيا الزراعية، جامعة بيرليس الماليزية في بادانغ بيسار، بيرليس، ماليزيا في العام 2015. لدراسة دور الحديد المخلبي Fe-EGTA 13% والنتروجين في تحسين نوعية بذور فول الصويا G. max (محتوى الزيت والبروتين) المزروعة في تربة الحامضية بالمقارنة مع تربة شديدة الحموضة. تضمنت الدراسة اربع مستويات من الحديد المخلبي Fe-EDTA (0 ، 0,3 ، 0,6 ، 0,9 كغم حديد Fe-EDTA/هكتار) وثلاث مستويات من النيتروجين (0 ، 60 ، 120 كغم N/هكتار) طبقت على التربة الحامضية والترب شديدة الحموضة، وبثلاث مكررات. جمعت البيانات للصفات المدروسة وتم تحليلها احصائياً وقورنت المتوسطات باستعمال اقل فرق معنوي L.S.D عند مستوى احتمال 0.05. اظهرت النتائج ان اضافة الحديد المخلبي Fe-EDTA بتركيز 0.9 كغم Fe/هكتار ادى الى زيادة معنوية في نسبة الزيت والبروتين في البذور مقارنة بباقي المستويات عند الترب الحامضية 20.88 و 34.10 % على التوالي، وكذلك عند الترب شديدة الحموضة 20.45 و 34.27 % على التوالي، كذلك تفوق مستوى اضافة النيتروجين 120 كغم N/هكتار معنويا على باقي المستويات في زيادة نسبة الزيت والبروتين في البذور عند الترب الحامضية 20.18 و 33.20 % على التوالي، وايضا عند الترب شديدة الحموضة 20.08 و 31.72 % على التوالي. اما فيما يخص التداخل بين مستويات الدراسة فقد تفوق معنويا التداخل بين مستوى الحديد المخلبي 0.6 كغم Fe/هكتار مع مستوى النتروجين 120 كغم N/هكتار في معدل نسبة الزيت في البذور عند الترب الحامضية 21.47 %، فيما تفوق معنويا التداخل بين 0.9 كغم Fe/هكتار مع المستوى 120 كغمN/هكتار في معدل نسبة الزيت في البذور عند الترب شديدة الحموضة 20.47 %، وكذلك في معدل نسبة البروتين في كلا نوعي التربة 35.78 و 34.30 % على التوالي.