bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexionsspektroskopische Untersuchungen an adsorbiertem Brom und Jod. III
Authors: Kortüm G. , Grathwohl M.
Published: October 2023

In zwei vorausgehenden Arbeiten [2, 3] wurden die Reflexionsspektren von Jod und Brom, adsorbiert an Natriumhalogenid‐pulvern und an verschiedenen Oxiden, in Abhängigkeit von der Ausheiztemperatur der Adsorbentien eingehend untersucht. Dabei konnten die charakteristischen Banden der Komplexe CI J2, Br−J2, Br−3, J−3 OH Br2 und OH− J2 nachgewiesen werden, die teils durch Ladungsüberführung (charge transfer), teils über die Reaktion der adsorbierten Halogene mit adsorbiertem H2O entstehen. Kieselgel und vor allem Aerosil verhalten sich bei der Adsorption von Jod anders als die übrigen Oxide einschließlich eines Crack‐Katalysators (Al2O3–SiO2), wie ebenfalls schon früher [1] gezeigt wurde. Diese Messungen wurden jetzt durch Adsorption von Brom und unter Variation der Ausheiztemperaturen ergänzt, wobei die früheren Ergebnisse bestätigt (Bildung von J4) und genauere Vorstellungen über die Art der Adsorption an SiO2 erhalten werden konnten.
Die Temperaturabhängigkeit des zweiten Virialkoeffizienten für das Schalenpotential und das Lennard‐Jones‐m,n‐Potential
Authors: Lichtenthaler R. N.
Published: October 2023

Mit Hilfe einer allgemein gültigen Beziehung zwischen den Parametern des Schalenpotendals und denen des Lennard‐Jones‐m,n‐Potentials kann gezeigt werden, daß beide Potentiale in gleicher Weise zur Beschreibung der Temperaturabhängigkeit des zweiten Virialkoeffizienten geeignet sind. Für Gase mit großen Molekeln muß dazu aber für den Anziehungsexponenten m des m,n‐Potentials, abweichend vom Londonschen Wert m = 6, der Wert m = 7 gewählt werden.
Paarungseigenschaften und Elektronenspektren von Radikalionen aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe
Authors: Distler Dieter , Hohlneicher Georg
Published: October 2023

Aufgrund der Paarungseigenschaften sollten die Absorptionsspektren von Radikalkationen und Radikalanionen alternierender Kohlenwasserstoffe in erster Näherung identisch sein. Zur Prüfung dieser Voraussage wurden die Radikalionen einer Reihe alternierender und nichtalternierender Kohlenwasserstoffe UV‐spektroskopisch untersucht. Die Radikalkationen wurden nach einem neuen Verfahren hergestellt, das sich gut zur Messung der Absorptionsspektren eignet. Die experimentellen Spektren werden mit den Ergebnissen von Modellrechnungen verglichen.
Über Struktur und Elektronenspektren von Tricarboniumionen der Triphenylmethanreihe
Authors: Kothe G. , Fliegen N. , Schulte Steinberg E. , Heinze J. , Zimmermann H.
Published: October 2023

Die Existenz des freien Tricarboniumions IVa wurde durch kryoskopische Untersuchungen in Schwefelsäure nachgewiesen. Die Elektronenspektren der Tricarboniumionen III, IV und V wurden gemessen und mit quantenmechanischen Berechnungen in HMO‐Näherung verglichen. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen experimentellen und berechneten Spektren ist befriedigend. Beim kleinsten Tricarboniumion III konnten bei tiefen Temperaturen die Emissions‐ und Polarisationsspektren gemessen werden. Legt man dem Molekül D3‐Symmetrie zugrunde, so folgt aus der Diskussion des APF‐Spektrums, daß die längstwellige Absorptionsbande von III in Richtung der dreizähligen Achse polarisiert ist. Dieser Befund steht in Übereinstimmung mit quantenmechanischen Rechnungen, die in SCF–CI‐Näherung ausgeführt wurden.
Quantitative Triplettabsorptionsmessungen und kinetische Untersuchungen am Phäophytin a und b
Authors: Prell G. , Zanker V.
Published: October 2023

Es werden die quantitativen Triplettabsorptionsspektren von Phäophytin a (Ph a) und Phäophytin b (Ph b) blitzspektroskopisch in Äthanol gemessen, wobei sich im Bereich der längstwelligen Singulettbande ein Triplettextinktionskoeffizient von 4700 ± 500 mol−1 cm−1 bei Ph a und von 5700 ± 600 mol−1 cm−1 bei Ph b ergibt. Der Triplettzerfall ist rein erster Ordnung (τPha = 0,75 ms; τPhb = 1,05 ms), jedoch tritt bei 2 – 3 Wochen alten äthanolischen Lösungen bzw. bei stark wasserhaltigen Lösungen als zusätzliche Reaktion Assoziataufspaltung nach dem Blitz ein, wodurch die Abklingkurven des Tripletts verfälscht werden. Die Kinetik dieser Reaktion wird ebenfalls studiert.
Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten im System Äthylen–Schwefelhexafluorid in der Nähe der kritischen Linie
Authors: Hamann H. , Richtering H.
Published: October 2023

Mit Hilfe des Kernspin‐Echo‐Verfahrens wurden Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten im System C2H4 – SF6 im Einphasengebiet oberhalb der kritischen Verdampfungslinie gemessen. Bei kritischer Dichte wurden in drei verschiedenen Mischungen und in den reinen Komponenten bis zu einem relativen Temperaturabstand ΔT/Tk < 10−4 von der kritischen Temperatur Tk Messungen ausgeführt. Dabei ließen sich keine Einflüsse des kritischen Zustandes auf die Selbstdiffusion nachweisen. In den reinen Stoffen ist das Produkt von Selbstdiffusionskoeffizient und Dichte bis zur kritischen Dichte konstant.
Die Dehydratisierung von Alkoholen an Al2O3. XIII. Einfluß der Vergiftung durch Pyridin auf Adsorption und Dehydratisierung von Alkoholen
Authors: Knözinger Helmut , Stolz Heinz
Published: October 2023

Es wird der Einfluß der Präadsorption von Pyridin an Aluminiumoxid unter verschiedenen Bedingungen auf die Adsorption und Dehydratisierung von Äthanol, Isobutanol und t‐Butanol untersucht. Das Oberflächenäthylat wird durch Dissoziation der O – H‐Bindung des Alkohols an Säure‐Base‐Paarzentren gebildet. An den gleichen Zentren wird Isobutanol zum Carboxylat oxydiert. Die Adsorption von t‐Butanol, das keine der beiden Spezies zu bilden vermag, wird durch Pyridin lediglich aus sterischen Gründen behindert. Die Ätherbildung aus Äthanol erfolgt durch Reaktion einer Alkoxidgruppe mit einer vermutlich über H‐Brücken gebundenen Alkoholmolekel. Die Kondensation zweier Alkoxidgruppen wird ausgeschlossen. Die Olefinbildung wird am besten als Eliminierung von Wasser aus einer über H‐Brücken adsorbierten Alkoholmolekel ohne Beteiligung von Lewis‐Zentren beschrieben. Das Oberflächencarboxylat hemmt die Adsorption über H‐Brücken ebenso wie die Dehydratisierung der Alkohole.
Regulatory mechanisms and cell membrane properties of Candida glycerinogenes differ under 2‐phenylethanol addition or fermentation conditions
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Liu Fang , Lu Xinyao , Zong Hong , Zhuge Bin
Published: October 2023

The biosynthesis of 2‐phenylethanol (2‐PE) at high yields and titers is often limited by its toxicity. In this study, we describe the molecular mechanisms of 2‐PE tolerance in the multi‐stress tolerant industrial yeast, Candida glycerinogenes. They were different under 2‐PE addition or fermentation conditions. After extracellular addition of 2‐PE, C. glycerinogenes cells became rounder and bigger, which reduced specific surface area. However, during 2‐PE fermentation C. glycerinogenes cells were smaller, which increased specific surface area. Other differences in the tolerance mechanisms were studied by analyzing the composition and molecular parameters of the cell membrane. Extracellular 2‐PE stress resulted in down‐regulation of transcriptional expression of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis genes. This raised the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the cell membrane, which increased rigidity of the cell membrane and reduced 2‐PE entry to the cell. However, intracellular 2‐PE stress resulted in up‐regulation of transcriptional expression of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis genes, and increased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane; this in turn enhanced flexibility of the cell membrane which accelerated efflux of 2‐PE. These contrasting mechanisms are mediated by transcriptional factors Hog1 and Swi5. Under 2‐PE addition, C. glycerinogenes activated Hog1 and repressed Swi5 to upregulate erg5 and erg4 expression, which increased cell membrane rigidity and resisted 2‐PE import. During 2‐PE fermentation, C. glycerinogenes activated Hog1 and repressed Swi5 to upregulate 2‐PE transporter proteins cdr1 and Acyl‐CoA desaturase 1 ole1 to increase 2‐PE export, thus reducing 2‐PE intracellular toxicity. The results provide new insights into 2‐PE tolerance mechanisms at the cell membrane level and suggest a novel strategy to improve 2‐PE production by engineering anti‐stress genes.
Introduction
Authors: Golub Koraljka , Hansson Joacim , Selden Lars
Published: October 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

The prospect of transitioning from a traditional Library and Information Science department to an iSchool at Sweden's Linnaeus University prompted a global examination of iSchools. The Linnaeus faculty have a somewhat radical approach, seeking to build a broad, cross‐disciplinary foundation for the new iSchool, with researchers in diverse subject areas coming together based on their common perspectives toward data, information and technology. Interviews and articles in the Special Section represent perspectives on iSchools from contributors in the United States, Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe broadly and Croatia specifically.
The Asia‐Pacific iSchools
Authors: Oh Sam
Published: October 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

The Asia‐Pacific iSchool regional chapter, initiated in 2014, consists of nine of the 11 iSchools across Australia, China, Japan, Korea and Singapore. The curricula and research areas of the iSchools in the region vary widely. Sungkyunkwan University in Korea offers a general B.A. in library and information science and a more technical B.S. in data science, as well as master's and doctoral programs geared to research. Other schools in the chapter offer programs ranging from publishing and e‐commerce to software engineering and information systems. The vibrant young chapter is working creatively on mutual support, outreach and funding. Member schools agree on a number of agenda items to strengthen the chapter, but, without a shared body for collaborative work, most maintain stronger partnerships with institutions in Europe and North America.
The European iSchools
Authors: Seadle Michael
Published: October 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

Started in the late 1990s by deans of three library schools in the United States, the iSchool movement has grown to include 16 European institutions. The expansion required revision of the original North American model, assumptions about academic positions and funding. Among the European schools, some differences exist in curricular focus, though funding needs may reinforce subject area overlap. As an example, the Berlin School of Library and Information Science offers multiple programs at the bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels, with varying curricula focusing on practical librarianship, computer emphasis or extended research. The curricula at other European iSchools, their research pursuits and employment opportunities for bachelor's and master's program graduates vary widely. Most attaining a doctorate degree go into management since academic positions are limited. European iSchools collaborate through planning, exchange programs and a shared doctoral colloquium, and funding sources reward cooperative institutional efforts and geographic diversity.
Treatment‐related adverse events of antibody‐drug conjugates in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Jinming , Shen Guoshuang , Liu Zhen , Liu Yaobang , Wang Miaozhou , Zhao Fuxing , Ren Dengfeng , Xie Qiqi , Li Zitao , Liu Zhilin , Zhao Yi , Ma Fei , Liu Xinlan , Xu Zhengbo , Zhao Jiuda
Published: October 2023

Background

The wide use of antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) is transforming the cancer‐treatment landscape. Understanding the treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) of ADCs is crucial for their clinical application. We conducted a meta‐analysis to analyze the profile and incidence of AEs related to ADC use in the treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies.

Methods

We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published from January 2001 to October 2022. The overall profile and incidence of all‐grade and grade ≥ 3 treatment‐related AEs were the primary outcomes of the analysis.

Results

A total of 138 trials involving 15,473 patients were included in this study. The overall incidence of any‐grade treatment‐related AEs was 100.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 99.9%–100.0%; I2 = 89%) and the incidence of grade ≥ 3 treatment‐related AEs was 6.2% (95% CI: 3.0%–12.4%; I² = 99%).

Conclusions

This study provides a comprehensive overview of AEs related to ADCs used for cancer treatment. ADC use resulted in a high incidence of any‐grade AEs but a low incidence of grade ≥ 3 AEs. The AE profiles and incidence differed according to cancer type, ADC type, and ADC components.
Did court dismiss student's Title IX claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: October 2023

Marshall University student Jane Roe reported to the local police department that she had been sexually assaulted by a male student, John Doe, while Roe and Doe were watching a university football game at an off‐campus apartment. The police department arrested and charged Doe.
MRI‐based radiomic signatures for pretreatment prognostication in cervical cancer
Authors: Wagner‐Larsen Kari S. , Hodneland Erlend , Fasmer Kristine E. , Lura Njål , Woie Kathrine , Bertelsen Bjørn I. , Salvesen Øyvind , Halle Mari K. , Smit Noeska , Krakstad Camilla , Haldorsen Ingfrid S.
Published: October 2023

Background

Accurate pretherapeutic prognostication is important for tailoring treatment in cervical cancer (CC).

Purpose

To investigate whether pretreatment MRI‐based radiomic signatures predict disease‐specific survival (DSS) in CC.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

CC patients (n = 133) allocated into training(T) (nT = 89)/validation(V) (nV = 44) cohorts.

Field Strength/Sequence

T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) at 1.5T or 3.0T.

Assessment

Radiomic features from segmented tumors were extracted from T2WI and DWI (high b‐value DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps).

Statistical Tests

Radiomic signatures for prediction of DSS from T2WI (T2rad) and T2WI with DWI (T2 + DWIrad) were constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. Area under time‐dependent receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) were used to evaluate and compare the prognostic performance of the radiomic signatures, MRI‐derived maximum tumor size ≤/> 4 cm (MAXsize), and 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (I–II/III–IV). Survival was analyzed using Cox model estimating hazard ratios (HR) and Kaplan–Meier method with log‐rank tests.

Results

The radiomic signatures T2rad and T2 + DWIrad yielded AUCT/AUCV of 0.80/0.62 and 0.81/0.75, respectively, for predicting 5‐year DSS. Both signatures yielded better or equal prognostic performance to that of MAXsize (AUCT/AUCV: 0.69/0.65) and FIGO (AUCT/AUCV: 0.77/0.64) and were significant predictors of DSS after adjusting for FIGO (HRT/HRV for T2rad: 4.0/2.5 and T2 + DWIrad: 4.8/2.1). Adding T2rad and T2 + DWIrad to FIGO significantly improved DSS prediction compared to FIGO alone in cohort(T) (AUCT 0.86 and 0.88 vs. 0.77), and FIGO with T2 + DWIrad tended to the same in cohort(V) (AUCV 0.75 vs. 0.64, p = 0.07). High radiomic score for T2 + DWIrad was significantly associated with reduced DSS in both cohorts.

Data Conclusion

Radiomic signatures from T2WI and T2WI with DWI may provide added value for pretreatment risk assessment and for guiding tailored treatment strategies in CC.
Efficacy and safety of abemaciclib alone and withPI3K/mTORinhibitorLY3023414or galunisertib versus chemotherapy in previously treated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chiorean E. Gabriela , Picozzi Vincent , Li Chung‐Pin , Peeters Marc , Maurel Joan , Singh Jaswinder , Golan Talia , Blanc Jean‐Frédéric , Chapman Sonya C. , Hussain Anwar M. , Johnston Erica L. , Hochster Howard S.
Published: October 2023

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) are characterized by frequent cell cycle pathways aberrations. This study evaluated safety and efficacy of abemaciclib, a cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, as monotherapy or in combination with PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor LY3023414 or TGFβ inhibitor galunisertib versus standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy in patients with pretreated metastatic PDAC.

Methods

This Phase 2 open‐label study enrolled patients with metastatic PDAC who progressed after 1–2 prior therapies. Patients were enrolled in a safety lead‐in (abemaciclib plus galunisertib) followed by a 2‐stage randomized design. Stage 1 randomization was planned 1:1:1:1 for abemaciclib, abemaciclib plus LY3023414, abemaciclib plus galunisertib, or SOC gemcitabine or capecitabine. Advancing to Stage 2 required a disease control rate (DCR) difference ≥0 in abemaciclib‐containing arms versus SOC. Primary objectives for Stages 1 and 2 were DCR and progression‐free survival (PFS), respectively. Secondary objectives included response rate, overall survival, safety, and pharmacokinetics.

Results

One hundred and six patients were enrolled. Abemaciclib plus galunisertib did not advance to Stage 1 for reasons unrelated to safety or efficacy. Stage 1 DCR was 15.2% with abemaciclib monotherapy, 12.1% with abemaciclib plus LY3023414, and 36.4% with SOC. Median PFS was 1.7 months (95% CI: 1.4–1.8), 1.8 months (95% CI: 1.3–1.9), and 3.3 months (95% CI: 1.1–5.7), respectively. No arms advanced to Stage 2. No new safety signals were identified.

Conclusion

In patients with pretreated metastatic PDAC, abemaciclib‐based therapy did not improve DCRs or PFS compared with SOC chemotherapy. No treatment arms advanced to Stage 2. Abemaciclib remains investigational in patients with PDAC.
Inside the consulting room of a highly effective therapist: An analysis of first sessions
Authors: Caçador Sílvia , Sousa Daniel , Cooper Mick
Published: October 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to capture the most salient aspects of first‐session activities by a therapist who consistently had good clinical outcomes.

Method

Constructivist grounded theory was used to analyse the first three audio‐recorded psychotherapy sessions with two clients.

Results

The analysis generated 12 categories organised into three major domains: (a) promoting clients' sense of agency and the collaborative nature of the therapeutic process; (b) supporting clients' exploration of meaningful contents, balancing responsively between following clients and introducing new dimensions; and (c) creating a climate of emotional security based on empathic presence, authenticity and positive regard.

Conclusions

The results show key aspects of the therapist's performance, such as distinguished clinical skills, responsiveness and strong relational abilities. The results support the literature on highly effective therapists. They also contribute to practice and psychotherapist training. Domains and categories from this study may be the basis for a checklist of some essential features to be included in psychotherapists' deliberated practice programmes.
Three Undescribed Iridoid Derivatives Isolated from the Fruits of Vitex trifolia with Their Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Huong Phan Thi Thanh , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Park SeonJu , Seo Yohan , Jeong Sung Baek , Trang Do Thi , Yen Duong Thi Hai , Dung Duong Thi , Hoa Truong Thi Viet , Huyen Le Thi , Lam Le Doan Tung , Tai Bui Huu , Kiem Phan Van
Published: October 2023

Vitex trifolia L. is a medicinal plant and widely distributed in the northern mountainous areas of Vietnam. Phytochemical study on the fruits of this plant led to the isolation of nine iridoid derivatives (1–9) including three undescribed compounds (1–3). Their structures were elucidated to be 3′′‐hydroxyscrophuloside A1 (1), 3′′‐hydroxycallicoside D (2), 2′‐p‐hydroxybenzoylaucubin (3), 6′‐p‐hydroxybenzoylmussaenosidic acid (4), nishindaside (5), agnuside (6), 10‐O‐vanilloylaucubin (7), 6′‐O‐p‐hydroxybenzoyl‐gardoside (8), and buddlejoside B (9) based on extensive analyses of HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 8 significantly posessed anti‐barterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with MIC values in range of 16–64 μg/mL. At concentration of 20 μM, compounds 1–9 did not show cytotoxic effects against human lung cancer cells (PC9).
Tumor cells‐derived exosomal noncoding RNAs in cancer angiogenesis: Molecular mechanisms and prospective
Authors: Nazari‐Khanamiri Fereshteh , Abdyazdani Nima , Abbasi Reza , Ahmadi Mahdi , Rezaie Jafar
Published: October 2023

Exosomes, heterogeneous, membrane‐bound nanoparticles that originated from eukaryotic cells, contribute to intracellular communication by transferring various biomolecules both on their surface and as internal cargo. One of the most significant current discussions on cancer progression is noncoding RNAs cargo of exosomes, which can regulate angiogenesis in tumor. A growing body of evidence shows that exosomes from tumor cells contain various microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs that can promote tumor progression by inducing angiogenesis. However, some noncoding RNAs may inhibit cancer angiogenesis. Targeting angiogenic noncoding RNA of exosomes may serve as a hopeful implement for cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the latest knowledge of the roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in tumor angiogenesis Understanding the biology of exosomal noncoding RNAs can help scientists plan exosomes‐based innovations for the treatment of cancer angiogenesis and cancer biomarkers.
Prodrug‐Type Phosphotriester Oligonucleotides with Linear Disulfide Promoieties Responsive to Reducing Environment
Authors: Sugimoto Norihito , Hayashi Junsuke , Funaki Ryohei , Wada Shun‐ichi , Wada Fumito , Harada‐Shiba Mariko , Urata Hidehito
Published: October 2023

Various chemical modifications have been developed to create new antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) for clinical applications. Our previously designed prodrug‐type phosphotriester‐modified oligonucleotide with cyclic disulfides (cyclic SS PTE ON) can be converted into unmodified ON in an intracellular‐mimetic reducing environment. However, the conversion rate of the cyclic SS PTE ON was very low, and the AON with cyclic SS PTE modifications showed much weaker antisense activity than corresponding to the fully phosphorothioate‐modified AON. In this study, we synthesized several types of PTE ONs containing linear disulfides (linear SS PTE ONs) and evaluated their conversion rates under reducing conditions. From the results, the structural requirements for the conversion of the synthesized linear SS PTE ONs were elucidated. Linear SS PTE ON with promising promoieties showed a nuclease resistance up to 4.8‐fold compared to unmodified ON and a cellular uptake by endocytosis without any transfection reagent. In addition, although the knockdown activity of the linear SS PTE gapmer AON is weaker than that of the fully phosphorothioate‐modified gapmer AON, the knockdown activity is slightly stronger than that of the cyclic SS PTE gapmer AON. These results suggest that the conversion rates may be related to the expression of the antisense activity.
SARS‐CoV‐2 in patient with protein C deficiency: A case report
Authors: Ahmadi Akram Sadat , Shafiei‐Jandaghi Nazanin Zahra , Sadeghi Kaveh , Salimi Vahid , Nejati Ahmad , Azad Talat Mokhtari , Yavarian Jila
Published: October 2023

Key clinical message

In SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic different disorders in coagulation pathways in COVID‐19 patients were reported. We described a 44‐year‐old female with COVID‐19 and protein C deficiency history. She did not show any coagulation disorder during her disease course. Complete genome sequencing of SARS‐CoV‐2 was performed and some mutations identified and compared with Wuhan strain. Besides hospitalized patients, in COVID‐19 outpatients with low concentration of protein C, early prescription of an anticoagulant such as heparin could be helpful in prevention of venous thromboembolism or pulmonary embolism.
Acute cerebellitis following COVID‐19 vaccination: A case report
Authors: Tabatabaee Seyedehnarges , Akhoundi Fahimeh H. , Khobeydeh Afsaneh , Tabatabaei Seyed Mohammad , Haghi Ashtiani Bahram
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

A plethora of neurological symptoms have been reported as the side effects of COVID‐19 vaccines. Vaccine‐associated acute cerebellitis is quite rare. Here, we report a 45‐year‐old female with acute onset cerebellitis, beginning 10 days after administration of Sinopharm vaccine. The patient's CSF COVID‐19 PCR was found to be positive, with no pulmonary symptoms.
Estimation of CO2Absorption by a Hybrid Aqueous Solution of Amino Acid Salt with Amine
Authors: Amirkhani Farid , Dashti Amir , Abedsoltan Hossein , Mohammadi Amir H.
Published: October 2023

Four developed machine learning algorithms are proposed to prognosticate the CO2solubility in amino acid salt solutions, blended with amine solutions as additives, in broad ranges of temperature and pressure. From literature 375 experimental data points for CO2solubility were collected. The results from the applied algorithms indicated that the CO2solubility is estimated acceptably close to the experimental values. In the best case, the developed network estimates CO2solubility in the stated solutions with an average relative deviation of 6.53 % and a correlation coefficient of 0.9892.
Deamination of Polyols from the Glycolysis of Polyurethane
Authors: Donadini Riccardo , Boaretti Carlo , Scopel Luca , Lorenzetti Alessandra , Modesti Michele
Published: October 2023

Methylenedianiline (MDA) is a secondary, undesired, product of the glycolysis process of polyurethane (PU) scraps due to hydrolysis and pyrolysis side reactions. As an aromatic and carcinogen amine, MDA poses different problems in handling, transporting, and labelling recycled polyols derived from glycolysis, hindering the closure of PU recycling loop. Aiming to provide a solution to this issue, in this work different deaminating agents (DAs) were investigated with the purpose of analyzing their reactivity with MDA. A first part of the study was devoted to the analysis of MDA formation as a function of reaction time and catalyst concentration (potassium acetate) during glycolysis. It was observed that the amount of MDA increases almost linearly with the extent of PU depolymerization and catalyst content. Among the DAs analyzed 2‐ethylhexyl glycidyl ether (2‐EHGE), and acetic anhydride (Ac2O) showed interesting performance, which allowed MDA content to be diminished below the limit for labelling prescription in 30 minutes. PU rigid foams were, therefore, synthesized from the corresponding recycled products and characterized in terms of thermal and mechanical performance. Ac2O‐deaminated polyols led to structurally unstable foams with poor compressive strength, while 2‐EHGE‐deaminated products allowed the production of foams with improved mechanical performance and unaltered thermal conductivity.
Chemical Sensors Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yue Yang , Ji Daizong , Liu Yunqi , Wei Dacheng
Published: October 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a type of crystalline porous polymer composed of light elements through strong covalent bonds. COFs have attracted considerable attention due to their unique designable structures and excellent material properties. Currently, COFs have shown outstanding potential in various fields, including gas storage, pollutant removal, catalysis, adsorption, optoelectronics, and their research in the sensing field is also increasingly flourishing. In this review, we focus on COF‐based sensors. Firstly, we elucidate the fundamental principles of COF‐based sensors. Then, we present the primary application areas of COF‐based sensors and their recent advancements, encompassing gas, ions, organic compounds, and biomolecules sensing. Finally, we discuss the future trends and challenges faced by COF‐based sensors, outlining their promising prospects in the field of sensing.
Sheet‐Isolated MoS2 Used for Dispersing Pt Nanoparticles and its Application in Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Huang Qiulan , Yang Mengping , Rani Karuppasamy Kohila , Wang Limin , Wang Ruixiang , Liu Xiaotian , Huang Dujuan , Yang Zhongyun , Devasenathipathy Rajkumar , Chen Du‐Hong , Fan Youjun , Chen Wei
Published: October 2023

It is highly challenging to activate the basal plane and minimize the π−π stacking of MoS2 sheets, thus enhancing its catalytic performance. Here, we display an approach for making well‐dispersed MoS2. By using the N‐doped multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (NMWCNTs) as an isolation unit, the aggregation of MoS2 sheets was effectively reduced, favoring the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles (noted as Pt/NMWCNTs‐isolated‐MoS2). Excellent bifunctional catalytic performance for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction (MOR/ORR) were demonstrated by the produced Pt/NMWCNTs‐isolated‐MoS2. In comparison to Pt nanoparticles supported on MoS2 (Pt/MoS2), the MOR activity (2314.14 mA mgpt−1) and stability (317.69 mA mgpt−1 after 2 h of operation) on Pt/NMWCNTs‐isolatedMoS2 were 24 and 232 times higher, respectively. As for ORR, Pt/NMWCNTs‐isolated‐MoS2 holds large half‐wave potential (0.88 V) and high stability (92.71 % after 22 h of operation). This work presents a tactic for activating the basal planes and reducing the π−π stacking of 2D materials to satisfy their applications in electrocatalysis. In addition, the proposed sheet‐isolation method can be used for fabricating other 2D materials to promote the dispersion of nanoparticles, which assist its application in other fields of energy as well as the environment.
Unlocking the potential of organoids in cancer treatment and translational research: An application of cytologic techniques
Authors: Abd El‐Salam Mohamed A. , Troulis Maria J. , Pan Chong‐Xian , Rao Rema A.
Published: October 2023

Patient‐derived organoid models hold promise for advancing clinical cancer research, including diagnosis and personalized and precision medicine approaches, and cytology, in particular, plays a pivotal role in this process. These three‐dimensional multicellular structures are heterogeneous, potentially maintain the cancer phenotype, and conserve the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic patterns of the parental tumors. To ensure that only tumor tissue is used for organoid development, cytologic validation is necessary before initiating the process of organoid generation. Here, we explore the technology of tumor organoids and discuss the fundamental application of cytology as a simple and cost‐effective approach toward organoid development. We also underscore the potential application of organoid development in drug efficacy studies for lung cancer and head and neck tumors. Additionally, we stress the importance of using fine‐needle aspiration to generate tumoroids.
Log‐Sobolev inequality for near critical Ising models
Authors: Bauerschmidt Roland , Dagallier Benoit
Published: October 2023

For general ferromagnetic Ising models whose coupling matrix has bounded spectral radius, we show that the log‐Sobolev constant satisfies a simple bound expressed only in terms of the susceptibility of the model. This bound implies very generally that the log‐Sobolev constant is uniform in the system size up to the critical point (including on lattices), without using any mixing conditions. Moreover, if the susceptibility satisfies the mean‐field bound as the critical point is approached, our bound implies that the log‐Sobolev constant depends polynomially on the distance to the critical point and on the volume. In particular, this applies to the Ising model on subsets of when .

The proof uses a general criterion for the log‐Sobolev inequality in terms of the Polchinski (renormalisation group) equation, a recently proved remarkable correlation inequality for Ising models with general external fields, the Perron–Frobenius theorem, and the log‐Sobolev inequality for product Bernoulli measures.
Log‐Sobolev inequality for the φ24$\varphi ^4_2$ and φ34$\varphi ^4_3$ measures
Authors: Bauerschmidt Roland , Dagallier Benoit
Published: October 2023

The continuum and measures are shown to satisfy a log‐Sobolev inequality uniformly in the lattice regularisation under the optimal assumption that their susceptibility is bounded. In particular, this applies to all coupling constants in any finite volume, and uniformly in the volume in the entire high temperature phases of the and  models.

The proof uses a general criterion for the log‐Sobolev inequality in terms of the Polchinski (renormalisation group) equation, a recently proved remarkable correlation inequality for Ising models with general external fields, the Perron–Frobenius theorem, and bounds on the susceptibilities of the and measures obtained using skeleton inequalities.
On the incompressible limit for a tumour growth model incorporating convective effects
Authors: David Noemi , Schmidtchen Markus
Published: October 2023

In this work we study a tissue growth model with applications to tumour growth. The model is based on that of Perthame, Quirós, and Vázquez proposed in 2014 but incorporates the advective effects caused, for instance, by the presence of nutrients, oxygen, or, possibly, as a result of self‐propulsion. The main result of this work is the incompressible limit of this model which builds a bridge between the density‐based model and a geometry free‐boundary problem by passing to a singular limit in the pressure law. The limiting objects are then proven to be unique.
Behavior and anxiety levels in pediatric patient: The behavioral changes and anxiety of pediatric patient in dental clinic
Authors: Al Homoud Rana A. , Alshellatie Amani K. , Alzumaie Abdullah S. , Al‐Bayati Sura A.
Published: October 2023

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the behavioral patterns and anxiety levels of pediatric patients in dental clinics, discern their behavioral expectations, and investigate the associations between these factors and the patient's age and gender.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 150 pediatric patients visiting Sharjah Thumbay Dental Hospital for treatment were recruited over a study period of 23 weeks (February 12, 2022 to July 23, 2022). The patient's age ranged from 2 to 14 years. Guardians were informed about the study and their written consent was taken.

Exclusion Criteria

Children over 14 years old, children whose guardians refused to participate in the study, and medically compromised children. Frankl's behavior rating scale, Categorical rating scale, and Venham anxiety and behavioral rating scales were used to evaluate the pediatric patient's behavior and anxiety at the end of the dental visit, the evaluation was done by the same trained dental student for all the patients.

Results

When the Mann–Whitney U test was used for gender, no significant differences were observed in behavior and anxiety between male and female patients across all scales employed in this study. Conversely, when examining various age groups for behavior and anxiety using the Kruskal–Wallis test, significant findings emerged across nearly all scales. In the categorical rating scale, the age group of 11–14 years exhibited the most notable results in subscales of crying (p = .034), cooperativeness (p = .002), and apprehensiveness (p = .003).

Conclusion

The pediatric patients who took part in this study exhibited heightened anxiety when attending dental clinics. This study underscores the importance of understanding child behavior and utilizing effective communication with children and their guardians. Dental professionals should consider implementing strategies to manage child behavior during visits. Further research is required to develop sufficient strategies tailored to different pediatric populations, aiming to enhance dental care outcomes for pediatric patients.
C2H2/CO2 Separation with a Chain‐Type Zn Pyrazolate MOF
Authors: Berkbigler Grant , Liu Qiao , Hoefer Nicole , Xie Yi , Hilliard Jordon S. , McComb David W. , Wade Casey R.
Published: October 2023

A novel Zn dipyrazolate metal‐organic framework (MOF), Zn(azbpz) (azbpz2−=4,4′‐azobis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolate), has been synthesized and structurally characterized using micro‐crystal electron diffraction. The framework contains chain‐type secondary building units comprised of tetrahedral Zn2+ ions bridged by pyrazolate groups, resulting in guest‐accessible channels lined with methyl and azo functional groups. CO2, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, and C3H8 gas adsorption isotherms were measured to investigate the potential of Zn(azbpz) as an adsorbent for selective separation of binary gas mixtures. The data reveal selective adsorption of acetylene over CO2, and column breakthrough experiments demonstrate good performance for C2H2/CO2 separation.
Adjustment of Electrolyte Composition for All‐Vanadium Flow Batteries and Its Effect on the Thermal Stability of Electrolyte for Positive and Negative Half‐Cells
Authors: Roznyatovskaya Nataliya V. , Fühl Matthias , Joos Martin , Noack Jens , Fischer Peter , Pinkwart Karsten , Tübke Jens
Published: October 2023

Commercial electrolyte for vanadium flow batteries is modified by dilution with sulfuric and phosphoric acid so that series of electrolytes with total vanadium, total sulfate, and phosphate concentrations in the range from 1.4 to 1.7 m, 3.8 to 4.7 m, and 0.05 to 0.1 m, respectively, are prepared. The electrolyte samples of the series for positive and negative half‐cells at various state‐of‐charges are produced by electrolysis and are investigated for stability in the range of temperatures from −20 to +65 °C. It is attempted to reveal a correlation between initial electrolyte formulation in terms of total vanadium and total sulfate concentrations, which are measurable parameters in practice, and electrolyte thermal stability properties. The study of negative electrolyte samples by headspace online mass spectrometry enables to detect hydrogen gas, which evolves by chemical reaction of vanadium(II) species with protons during thermally induced aging. The battery with vanadium electrolyte at 1.4 m total vanadium, 4.7 m total sulfate, and 0.1 m phosphate concentrations displays more stable operation in terms of capacity decay during galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles than the battery with electrolyte at 1.7 m vanadium, 3.8 m sulfate, and 0.05 m phosphate concentrations under the same conditions.
Effect of modeling assumptions on predicting seismic responses of a three‐story reinforced concrete shear wall structure
Authors: Xiao Junyan , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Bentz Evan , Jung Jae‐Wook , Kim Minkyu
Published: October 2023

The behavior of short‐period reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall structures is often complicated and hard to predict accurately, even when the structure behaves in the elastic region, due to significant uncertainties in the material and the environment. Modeling assumptions used in finite element (FE) analyses often influence the accuracy of the dynamic response predictions. This paper discusses the numerical modeling of shaking table tests of a 3‐story RC shear wall specimen, which was carried out by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute in July 2020. The experimental program is briefly introduced in this paper. Through nonlinear time history analyses using ABAQUS, the effect of modeling assumptions on the accuracy of the FE methods in predicting the linear and moderately nonlinear behavior of the RC structure is presented. Two commonly used modeling/model updating assumptions are considered: concrete Young's modulus and foundation flexibility. Influences of such modeling assumptions in predicting beyond design dynamic behavior (i.e., nonlinear responses and damage development) of the testing structure are also studied. The results showed that the accuracy of the dynamic response prediction of the structure could be improved significantly after calibrating the models against the white noise test results. Nevertheless, models established with different modeling assumptions can only capture the behavior of the structure at certain seismic intensity levels. Different models give results with a considerable variation in the structure's peak acceleration, floor response spectrum, acceleration amplification profile, damage pattern, and damage severity.
Exploring the relationship between clinical and personal models of recovery in anorexia nervosa: A mixed methods study
Authors: Kinnaird Emma , Cooper Myra
Published: October 2023

Objective

There is increasing interest around the relationship between clinically defined recovery from Anorexia nervosa (AN), based on a reduction of symptoms and weight normalisation, and personal models of recovery which emphasise factors such as personal growth. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to evaluate the hypothesis that these two approaches are complimentary, with reduced symptoms associated with higher achievement in personal domains.

Methods

Eighty‐one adults who self‐defined as fully or partially recovered from AN were recruited into an online study and completed self‐report measures of clinical and personal recovery. Participants were also asked questions about their views on the clinical criteria, and this data was analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

People who were clinically defined as fully recovered scored significantly higher on measures of personal recovery compared to those defined as not recovered, and there were strong positive associations between lower behavioural and cognitive symptoms, and personal recovery. There was a weaker relationship between personal recovery measures and BMI. Qualitative data indicated that most participants felt that the clinical criteria were not a sufficient definition of recovery.

Conclusions

Implications for the usage of clinical criteria for recovery from AN in research trials and clinical practice are discussed.
Study on photovoltaic power forecasting model based on peak sunshine hours and sunshine duration
Authors: Zhao Hang , Zhu Delan , Yang Yalin , Li Qianlin , Zhang Enze
Published: October 2023

Accurate prediction of photovoltaic power generation is a critical technical problem for utilizing solar energy. Aiming at the problem that the model parameters are difficult to obtain in applying photovoltaic power prediction methods, this paper has used long‐term monitoring data of output power, various meteorological data, and solar irradiation intensity of photovoltaic modules. This paper establishes the functional relationship between the output power of photovoltaic modules and the irradiation intensity through Pearson correlation analysis. By deducing the distribution relationship of irradiation intensity, the prediction model of irradiation intensity based on peak sunshine hours and sunshine duration is constructed and based on 340 sites across the country 64 years peak sunshine hours and sunshine duration query database. In this work, the theoretical value of the prediction model on sunny days is close to the measured value (R2 = 0.918–0.985). The solar radiation intensity on rainy days is weak, and the prediction accuracy is low (R2 = 0.838–0.930). The relative errors between the sunshine duration and the peak sunshine hours in the database are less than 4.55% and 4.79%, respectively, under sunny conditions in each quarter, indicating that the accuracy of the database meets the actual needs.
The use of chimpanzee‐modified faunal assemblages to investigate early hominin carnivory
Authors: Bertacchi Alex , Watts David P.
Published: October 2023

Chimpanzees regularly hunt and consume prey smaller than themselves. It seems therefore likely that early hominins also consumed small vertebrate meat before they started using and producing stone tools. Research has focused on cut marks and large ungulates, but there is a small body of work that has investigated the range of bone modifications produced on small prey by chimpanzee mastication that, by analogy, can be used to identify carnivory in pre‐stone tool hominins. Here, we review these works along with behavioral observations and other neo‐taphonomic research. Despite some equifinality with bone modifications produced by baboons and the fact that prey species used in experiments seldom are similar to the natural prey of chimpanzees, we suggest that traces of chimpanzee mastication are sufficiently distinct from those of other predators that they can be used to investigate mastication of vertebrate prey by early hominins.
Uneven reproduction: Gender, race, class, and birth outcomes
Authors: Davis Dána‐Ain
Published: October 2023

In the United States adverse reproductive outcomes are often understood in terms of Black and White differentials within the context of US‐centric racism and as an afterlife of slavery. Yet similar racial variances in outcomes are found globally. How might we understand the persistence of adverse reproductive outcomes among Black women compared to White women in transnational contexts? Building on the concept of uneven development, this article uses the framework of uneven reproduction as one way to examine how inequalities are seared on reproducing bodies. Such framing shifts the analysis of adverse reproductive outcomes from a narrow view of racial disparities to one that explains those outcomes because of complex patterns of investment and disinvestment that reconfigure reproduction. In framing reproductive outcomes as uneven reproduction, this paper excavates three distinct historical cases in three geographic areas. Drawing from imperial and colonial contexts we can track different forms of disinvestment that were and continue to be detrimental to Black women.

This approach serves as a lens against which to read the persistent racial differentials in reproductive outcomes facilitated by a transhistorical, transnational and intersectional understanding of the constraints that impede Black women's successful reproduction over time and across space.
Wild edible yams from Madagascar: New insights into nutritional composition support their use for food security and conservation
Authors: Ratsimbazafy Mirana K. , Sharp Paul A. , Razanamparany Louisette , Rajaonah Mamy Tiana , Rakotoarison Feno , Khoja Kholoud K. , Wilkin Paul , Howes Melanie‐Jayne R.
Published: October 2023

Yams (Dioscorea species) are an important food resource in Madagascar, where both cultivated winged yam (D. alata) and wild edible yams are consumed. However, there is limited knowledge on the nutrient composition of wild edible yams in Madagascar, and on how they compare with the cultivated winged yam. Therefore, in this study, nine wild edible yam species, one with two subspecies from Madagascar (D. bako, D. buckleyana, D. irodensis, D. maciba, D. orangeana, D. pteropoda, D. sambiranensis subsp. bardotiae and subsp. sambiranensis, D. seriflora, and Dioscorea species Ovy valiha), were analyzed for their nutrient composition, compared with cultivated D. alata. They include 6/6 of the most favored wild edible yam species in Madagascar. New nutrient composition data (protein, carbohydrate/starch, energy, lipid, β‐carotene, and minerals) are presented for these nine wild edible yam species. The results show that they contain comparable levels of lipids and starch to D. alata, but none are better sources of protein than D. alata. The results show that D. irodensis contains a significantly higher β‐carotene content when compared to all other edible yams analyzed, and that D. buckleyana, D. irodensis, and D. sambiranensis subsp. bardotiae have a higher calcium content than cultivated D. alata, while all nine wild edible yam species analyzed contain a higher iron content, compared to cultivated D. alata. The nutrient composition data presented could provide new incentives to conserve wild edible yams and inform on strategies to select Dioscorea species for sustainable cultivation and use, providing opportunities to enhance future food security in Madagascar.