bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented rotations in virtual reality for users with a reduced range of head movement
Authors: Norouzi Nahal , Bölling Luke , Bruder Gerd , Welch Greg
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

A large body of research in the field of virtual reality is focused on making user interfaces more natural and intuitive by leveraging natural body movements to explore a virtual environment. For example, head-tracked user interfaces allow users to naturally look around a virtual space by moving their head. However, such approaches may not be appropriate for users with temporary or permanent limitations of their head movement.

Methods:

In this paper, we present techniques that allow these users to get virtual benefits from a reduced range of physical movements. Specifically, we describe two techniques that augment virtual rotations relative to physical movement thresholds.

Results:

We describe how each of the two techniques can be implemented with either a head tracker or an eye tracker, e.g. in cases when no physical head rotations are possible.

Conclusions:

We discuss their differences and limitations and we provide guidelines for the practical use of such augmented user interfaces.
A Successful Repair of Pseudocoarctation With Associated Aortic Arch Aneurysm in an Eight-Month-Old Infant
Authors: Sekelyk Roman , Abdurakhmanov Zufar , Kurkevych Andrii , Tammo Raad , Mykychak Yaroslav , Yemets Illya
Published: May 2019

Pseudocoarctation of the aorta is an uncommon congenital entity characterized by juxtaductal elongation and tortuosity of the aortic arch. It is known to be associated with aneurysm formation. Our patient is a 7.7-month-female infant followed prenatally by magnetic resonance imaging that detected this anomaly. Subsequently, postnatal preoperative computed tomography angiography was confirmatory. The operation comprised resection of the aneurysmal portion of the aorta and extended end-to-end reconstruction, without prosthesis usage. The left subclavian artery was reimplanted into the left carotid artery. The postoperative course was uneventful. Computed tomography aortography and transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated no residual stenosis at six months of follow-up.
Do Psychological Diversity Climate, HRM Practices, and Personality Traits (Big Five) Influence Multicultural Workforce Job Satisfaction and Performance? Current Scenario, Literature Gap, and Future Research Directions
Authors: Al Doghan Mohammed A. , Bhatti Muhammad Awais , Juhari Ariff Syah
Published: May 2019

Growing trends of globalization bringing many challenges for organizations including managing performance of multicultural workforce toward achieving the organization’s objectives. Based on past researchers, many factors that influence employee’s performance have been highlighted, but the nature and scope of these factors have been limited to conventional settings. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to develop a comprehensive framework to better understand the role of the psychological diversity climate, human resource management (HRM) practices, and personality traits (Big Five) in job satisfaction and performance of a culturally diverse workforce. The review of past literature was conducted in the development of a conceptual framework. For this purpose, different databases, books, reports, and business magazines were consulted to evaluate current nature of literature related to multicultural workforce job satisfaction and performance. This conceptual article provides theoretical ground and proposes that psychological diversity climate, HRM practices (recruitment and selection, training and development, compensation and performance appraisal), and personality traits (Big Five) positively influence multicultural workforce job satisfaction. Finally, this article explains that culturally diverse workforce job satisfaction predicts job performance. This article suggests that managers and human resource professionals should develop psychological diversity climate among employees, upgrade HRM practices as per diversity needs, and attract individuals with certain personality traits such as agreeableness, emotional stability, and extroversions. Based on past theoretical review, the proposed framework is developed with the aim to address the gap and contribute to the HRM body of knowledge. These variables have never been explained by past researchers in multicultural setting.
Positive Patient Response to a Structured Exercise Program Delivered in Inpatient Psychiatry
Authors: Tomasi David , Gates Sheri , Reyns Emily
Published: May 2019

Background

The complexity of diagnostic presentations of an inpatient psychiatry population requires an integrative approach to health and well-being. In this sense, the primary need of this research aims at developing clinical strategies and healthier coping skills for anger, anxiety, and depression; promoting self-esteem, healthier sleep, and anxiety reduction; as well as enhancing mood and emotional–behavioral regulation via exercise and nutrition education.

Objectives

The primary objective is to promote exercise, fitness, and physical health in inpatient psychiatry patients. The secondary objective includes therapeutic management of depressive symptoms and patient-centered approach to mania, angry outbursts, and generalized disruptive behavior. The tertiary objective is promoting research in the psychophysiological effectors of exercise and nutrition education in combination with psychotherapy.

Method

Monitoring self-reported changes in mood and general well-being via administration of surveys and questionnaires pre- and postexercise sessions.

Results

The research yielded positive outcomes in all areas investigated, suggesting the positive effects of exercise and mind–body strategies in the context of psychotherapy in inpatient psychiatry.

Conclusion

Physical exercise may be a helpful way to reduce mental health disorders in the context of inpatient psychiatry by targeting anxiety, depression, anger, psychomotor agitation, and muscle tension and addressing stressors and triggers and to develop a more balanced and integrated sense of self.
Biosimilars in Dermatology: Analytical, Regulatory, and Clinical Considerations: A Treatise From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation
Authors: Yamauchi Paul S. , Sachsman Suzanne M. , Wu Jashin J. , Siegel Michael , Van Voorhees Abby , Armstrong April , Kay Jonathan
Published: May 2019

Despite the recent approvals of biosimilars in the United States, the current landscape is still an evolving process. The overall impetus for the passage of the Biologics Price and Competition Act of 2009 and the abbreviated pathway for the development of biosimilars are to decrease the economic burden of biologics and increase access to qualified patients. The regulatory agenda for biosimilars involves an analytical approach through methods embodying a “totality of evidence” to demonstrate that a biosimilar has no clinically meaningful differences compared to the reference product. The establishment of extrapolation and interchangeability in a developmental program for biologics has no precedence for implementation. Because of these unique parameters associated with biosimilars, further mitigation is necessary to address concerns among health-care professionals. The acceptance and utilization of biosimilars in the United States may gain traction similar to generic drugs if reduced costs, increased access, and alleviation of concerns from clinicians are attained.
Steps for a Successful Executive Education
Authors: Chatterjee Ajanta
Published: May 2019

Executive education in India has seen tremendous change in the past decade as companies have started making serious investments to keep the leadership relevant and make them fit for foreseeable future.

The whole premise of executive education focusing on senior leadership development stems from the requirement of developing future capabilities such that they are aligned to the individual’s career goals and to the strategic focus of the organisation. The above two aspects coming together is the success mantra of a highly effective executive education.
Assessment of the Need for a Hematology-Specific Fellowship Curriculum for Advanced Practice Providers Using a Needs-Based Survey
Authors: Hwa Yi L. , Marshall Ariela L. , Shelly Jessica L. , Colborn Lisa K. , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Lacy Martha Q.
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE:

Subspecialty training programs rarely are available for advanced practice providers (APPs). New curricula are needed to prepare APPs with the skills and knowledge required to deliver high-quality care in hematology and blood and marrow transplantation (BMT).

METHODS:

A Web-based needs assessment survey was distributed to APPs currently working in hematology and BMT at three Mayo Clinic sites (Rochester, MN; Scottsdale, AZ; and Jacksonville, FL). The survey assessed participants’ perceptions of readiness to practice in hematology after completion of their APP education and identified APP learning needs.

RESULTS:

Of 68 APPs, 49 (72%; 34 nurse practitioners, 15 physician assistants) completed the survey. Twenty-eight APPs (57%) were new graduates, and 17 (35%) had no prior experience in hematology/BMT. All APPs held a master’s degree or higher (doctorate, 31%). Thirty-nine (80%) reported that less than 5% of their APP school curriculum was hematology focused. More than 90% felt unprepared to practice in hematology or BMT after their APP education and believed that hematology-specific training could improve their competency as providers and positively affect job satisfaction. APPs reported that they would like more formal training in the following areas of clinical focus: malignant and benign hematologic disorders, hematopathology, palliative care, transfusion medicine, infectious disease, and hematology-related pharmacology. They also preferred the following learning strategies: active learning from patient care, case-based teaching, and experience during hospital rounds.

CONCLUSION:

This needs-based assessment project confirmed the necessity to develop a hematology-specific fellowship for APPs and helped to optimize the curriculum.
Mifepristone Treatment in Four Cases of Primary Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (BMAH)
Authors: Cohan Pejman , East Honey E , Galati Sandi-Jo , Mercado Jennifer U , Lim Precious J , Lamerson Michele , Smith James J , Peters Anne L , Yuen Kevin C J
Published: May 2019

Context

Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) is a rare form of adrenal Cushing syndrome conventionally treated with adrenalectomy. Medical treatment is often reserved for patients not eligible for surgery. However, to date there have been few studies about the efficacy of mifepristone for the treatment of BMAH associated with hypercortisolism.

Objective

To describe a series of patients with hypercortisolism due to BMAH treated with mifepristone from multiple medical practices.

Design

We retrospectively assessed four patients treated with mifepristone for hypercortisolism due to BMAH who had either failed unilateral adrenalectomy, declined surgery, or were poor surgical candidates.

Results

Mifepristone induced clinical improvement and remission of the signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism in all described patients with BMAH. The median treatment duration at the time of efficacy response assessment was 5 months (range: 3 to 18 months). Improvement in cardiometabolic parameters was observed as early as 2 weeks after treatment was started. All patients achieved improvements in glycemic control and hypertension and had significant weight loss. The most common adverse event observed with mifepristone therapy was fatigue. Increases in TSH level occurred in two patients.

Conclusion

Mifepristone can be an effective medical alternative to surgery in patients with hypercortisolism due to BMAH.
The next decade of clinical trials in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Peng Liang , Liu Jin-Qi , Chen Yu-Pei , Ma Jun
Published: May 2019

Clinical trials are powerful weapons in the battle against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Based on clinical trials conducted in the past two decades, concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with adjuvant chemotherapy or induction chemotherapy has been recommended as the standard treatment for locoregionally advanced NPC in various guidelines. However, there remain shortcomings concerning current treatment modalities that should be refined in future research. In this article, we review the achievements of published clinical trials for locoregionally advanced NPC and propose future directions for subsequent clinical trials. We believe that refinement of current regimens of chemotherapy, de-intensification of treatment for specific groups of patients, developing personalized treatment based on predictors ( e.g. applying plasma Epstein–Barr virus DNA) and investigating novel therapies, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, should be applied with the highest priority when designing clinical trials for locoregionally advanced NPC in the next decade.
Sonographic differentiation of complicated from uncomplicated appendicitis
Authors: Rawolle Tanja , Reismann Marc , Minderjahn Maximiliane I , Bassir Christian , Hauptmann Kathrin , Rothe Karin , Reismann Josephine
Published: May 2019

Objective:

This study aims to differentiate acute uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis, by investigating the correlation between sonographic findings and histological results in different types of paediatric appendicitis.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study of 1017 paediatric patients (age < 18 years) who underwent ultrasound by paediatric radiologists before appendicectomy at our institution between 2006 and 2016. Histologically, uncomplicated appendicitis was primarily associated with transmural infiltration of neutrophil granulocytes, while complicated appendicitis was characterised by transmural myonecrosis. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between sonographic and histological findings.

Results:

Out of 566 (56%) male and 451 (44%) female patients with a mean age of 10.7 years, uncomplicated appendicitis was histologically diagnosed in 446 (44%) children and complicated appendicitis was diagnosed in 348 (34%) cases. The following ultrasound findings were significantly associated with complicated appendicitis in multivariate regression: an increased appendiceal diameter (OR = 1.3, p < .001), periappendiceal fat inflammation (OR = 1.5, p = 0.02), the presence of an appendicolith (OR = 1.7, p = 0.01) and a suspected perforation (OR = 6.0, p < .001) by the pediatric radiologist. For complicated appendicitis, an appendiceal diameter of more than 6 mm had the highest sensitivity (98%), while a sonographically suspected perforation showed the highest specificity (94%).

Conclusion:

Abdominal sonography by paediatric radiologists can differentiate between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis in paediatric patients by using an increased appendiceal diameter, periappendiceal fat inflammation, the presence of an appendicolith and a suspected perforation as discriminatory markers.

Advances in knowledge:

This paper demonstrates expanded information on ultrasound, which is not only an essential tool for diagnosing appendicitis, but also a key method for distinguishing between different forms of appendicitis when performed by paediatric radiologists. Compared with previous studies, the crucial distinction features in our analysis are 1) the definition of gangrene and not primarily perforation as an acute complicated appendicitis enabling early decision-making by sonography and 2) a large number of patients in a particularly affected age group.
A highly ordered, nonprotective MALAT1 ENE structure is adopted prior to triplex formation
Authors: Yonkunas Michael J. , Baird Nathan J.
Published: May 2019

The 3′ end of the ∼7 kb lncRNA MALAT1 contains an evolutionarily and structurally conserved element for nuclear expression (ENE) which confers protection from cellular degradation pathways. Formation of an ENE triple helix is required to support transcript accumulation, leading to persistent oncogenic activity of MALAT1 in multiple cancer types. Though the specific mechanism of triplex-mediated protection remains unknown, the MALAT1 ENE triplex has been identified as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Interestingly, a maturation step of the nascent lncRNA 3′ end is required prior to triplex formation. We hypothesize that disruption of the maturation or folding process may be a viable mechanism of inhibition. To assess putative cotranscriptional ENE conformations prior to triplex formation, we perform microsecond MD simulations of a partially folded ENE conformation and the ENE triplex. We identify a highly ordered ENE structure prior to triplex formation. Extensive formation of U•U base pairs within the large U-rich internal loops produces a global rod-like architecture. We present a three-dimensional structure of the isolated ENE motif, the global features of which are consistent with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. Our structural model represents a nonprotective conformation of the MALAT1 ENE, providing a molecular description useful for future mechanistic and inhibition studies. We anticipate that targeting stretches of U•U pairs within the ENE motif will prove advantageous for the design of therapeutics targeting this oncogenic lncRNA.
EDUCAÇÃO EM DIREITOS SEXUAIS E DIREITOS REPRODUTIVOS: DESLOCAMENTOS NO SISTEMA SOCIOEDUCATIVO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: De Garay Hernández Jimena , Castro de Oliveira e Silva Patricia , Bertrami D'Angelo Luisa
Published: May 2019

Resumo: O presente texto propõe, a partir de uma pesquisa-intervenção sobre gênero e sexualidade realizada de 2014 a 2017 no Sistema Socioeducativo do Rio de Janeiro, a análise de alguns deslocamentos que surgiram nas atividades realizadas, sendo estas de cunho pedagógico, crítico e reflexivo, tanto com jovens privados de liberdade quanto com profissionais e gestores. A partir da perspectiva dos Direitos Sexuais e Direitos Reprodutivos, nossas ações buscaram desestabilizar noções e relações cristalizadas no cotidiano do Sistema, ao mesmo tempo em que se empenharam em criar parcerias e potencializar a garantia de direitos imbricados no projeto de socioeducação.Palavras-chave: Direitos Sexuais e Direitos Reprodutivos; Sistema Socioeducativo; Educação; Cartografia
PROJETO DESPERTAR PELA LEITURA: ABORDAGENS TEÓRICAS E METODOLÓGICAS NO COMPLEXO PENITENCIÁRIO DE FLORIANÓPOLIS/SC
Authors: Goes Denardi Vanessa , Róhden Fernanda Aparecida , Leal Adailson Robalino , Domingos Ambrózio Nikolly
Published: May 2019

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar o Projeto Despertar pela Leitura, realizado no Complexo Penitenciário de Florianópolis no Estado de Santa Catarina, apresentando suas contribuições, no que tange à importância do ato de ler para os(as) reeducandos(as), o papel da biblioteca e do(a) bibliotecário(a) e a função do professor como orientador de leitura e sua prática metodológica. Para isso, esta pesquisa bibliográfica apresenta uma breve revisão de leis e de documentos oficiais que regem o Projeto no Brasil e, mais especificamente, no Estado de Santa Catarina em consonância com os estudos de Michel de Certeau (1998), Paulo Freire (1986, 1989), e Silva e Araújo (2003) para o embasamento teórico deste artigo.Palavras-chave: Despertar pela leitura; Educação em espaço de privação de liberdade; Formação de leitores; Remição pela leitura.
Theory as habitus for scholarly design research
Authors: Pizzocaro Silvia
Published: May 2019

Higher education in design, scholarly research and design research need to be continuously clarified in relation to evolving concepts such as knowledge, theory and practice. Being awarded a Ph.D. in design about 25 years ago, when scholarly research in design was in its infancy, and working with students in master and Ph.D. programmes in design for more than two decades, I share with the reader what I keep on learning in this educational milieu. It is my own perspective, based either on past experience or on the ongoing perception of local concerns. More broadly, a number of underlying general issues are reported to highlight the spread of design research practice encompassing aspects such as theory as a practice; the lack of fully consolidated design research frameworks where design paradigms may be embedded; and the need to nurture and strengthen the process of theory-making in design doctorates. What it is finally claimed is the advantage of theory as formae mentis, intended as a habitus for design research learners. While education in design often collectively addresses the professions of design, architecture and engineering, the following reflections will mainly address the manifold domains of industrial design, intended as a comprehensive term for either tangible or intangible design domains, intersecting product, graphic, communication, visual and interaction design fields.

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND). To view a copy of the licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Monstrous bodies: Theatrical designs by Salvador Dalí and Leonor Fini
Authors: Grew Rachael
Published: May 2019

Theatrical design is an under-researched area of Surrealist visual culture. This article examines two examples of Surrealist set and costume design, created by Salvador Dalí and Leonor Fini, respectively, through the concept of the monstrous body. Here, ‘monstrous’ refers to the ambiguous body that defies conventional categories. By using the monstrous body to interpret their designs, this article will yield a deeper insight into these artists engagement with the Surrealist challenge to rational conventions of individualism. It will also evidence their own interests in fluid, metamorphic bodies that blur boundaries of the normative human and the ‘Other’.
As crônicas jesuíticas e a história indígena no Médio Amazonas nos séculos XVII e XVIII: Os Tupinambaranas
Authors: Mano Marcel
Published: May 2019

Com base em algumas evidencias documentais sobre as relações intertribais e interétnicas no médio Amazonas, no trecho entre os rios Madeira e Tapajós, o artigo problematiza a classificação etnográfica dessa área como Tupi. A hipótese é a de que num cenário multiétnico inicial atuou um processo de homogeneização das quais são causas, entre outras, uma intrusão histórica de grupos Tupinambá, datada do século XVI, e a atuação missionária jesuítica entre os séculos XVII e XVIII. Das crônicas que se seguiram surgiu a construção de um grupo indígena documental e genericamente tratado como "Tupinambaranas", que procuramos aqui entender como um uma série de grupos culturalmente diferentes, porém tupinizados, dos quais parte dos remanescentes atuais parecem ser os Mawé, grupo indígena misto que coloca questionamentos à classificação cultural dessa área.
Desempeño productivo y desarrollo ruminal en cabritos de tambo alimentados con diferentes dietas y faenados a distintas edades
Authors: MARTÍNEZ Gabriela M. , FRANCO Andrea , ALFARO Emilio J. , MICHELOUD Juan F.
Published: May 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño productivo y desarrollo ruminal de cabritos Saanen alimentados con alfalfa y/o grano (Alf, Alf + Gr, Gr) y faenados a distintas edades (50, 60 y 70 días). Se evaluó: ganancia diaria de peso vivo (GDPV), peso a faena (PF), peso de la canal caliente (PCC), rendimiento a faena (RF),  peso de los estómagos y el largo de las pailas (LP). El diseño fue DCA con arreglo factorial y para la comparación de medias se utilizó LSD (p=0,05). Los animales fueron asignados al azar dentro de los tratamientos: Alf 50 (n=3), Alf 60 (n=4), Alf 70 (n=3), Gr 50 (n=3), Gr 60 (n=4), Gr 70 (n=3), Alf+Gr 50 (n=3), Alf+Gr 60 (n=4), Alf+Gr 70 (n=3).  Los datos fueron analizados mediante ANOVA de Infostat 2018. No se detectó interacción entre dieta y edad de faena para ninguno de los parámetros. En cuanto a la dieta, los animales que consumieron Alf y Alf + Gr presentaron mayores GDPV (p= 0,0022). El PF fue superior para el grupo Alf+Gr respecto al Gr (p=0,0352). Similar fue lo relevado para el PCC (p=0,0298). El RF fue mayor para el grupo Gr respecto a las otras dietas (p <0,0001). La edad a faena impactó en el PF y PCC resultando superior en los animales faenados con 70 días, (p= 0,0002 y p= 0,0008 respectivamente), mientras que aquellos sacrificados a los 50 días presentaron el mayor RF (p=0,0413). El peso del rumen fue superior para el grupo 70  vs. 50 y 60 días (p=0,0410). El LP fue similar para todos los tratamientos. Se puede concluir que para las condiciones del presente ensayo tanto la dieta suministrada como la edad a faena afectaron el desempeño productivo de los animales.
Bonding to composite resin, dentin, and composite-dentin interface, regarding restoration repair
Authors: Manso Isabella S. , Valente Lisia L. , Münchow Eliseu A. , Isolan Cristina P. , Lima Fábio G. , Moraes Rafael R.
Published: May 2019

O presente estudo avaliou a resistência de união do reparo (RUR), ângulo de contato (θ) e morfologia da superfície de reparos de compósito na dentina (DE), resina composta (RC) e interface dentina-compósito (DE-RC) após diferentes tratamentos de superfície. Incisivos bovinos foram usados nos testes de RUR e θ; blocos de RC (Opallis, FGM) foram preparados para avaliação do θ com a água. Os espécimes foram separados em quatro grupos (n=10 para RUR; n=5 para θ) de acordo com o agente de união aplicado: sem tratamento (C); condicionamento ácido seguido da aplicação de adesivo (Ac+Ad); silano (S); e ácido + silano + adesivo (Ac+S+Ad). Para a RUR, o teste de resistência de união ao microcisalhamento foi realizado. Para o teste de θ, gotas d’água foram dispensadas na superfície dos espécimes após o tratamento com os agentes de união. Todos os substratos testados foram analisados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura, e os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (α=0,05). Na DE, a aplicação de Ac+S+Ad reduziu o molhamento da dentina. Na RC, todos os agentes de união aumentaram o molhamento comparados a C. A RUR foi significativamente maior para os grupos tratados com adesivo, comparados aos grupos C e S, tanto na DE quanto na interface DE-RC. Na RC, apenas C mostrou menor resistência de união, comparado aos outros grupos. Em conclusão, os dentistas devem atentar que o desempenho do reparo de restaurações de resina composta pode depender dos substratos envolvidos no procedimento, e que a aplicação do sistema adesivo é o principal tratamento químico recomendado para uma adequada união a todos os substratos.
Raw and Naked Instagram
Authors: Ottoboni Thiago
Published: May 2019

Vamos para mais uma edição da Odontologia da vida real. Assim como a sua rotina, a minha e a de muitos outros colegas é “pesada”, com muitos atendimentos, problemas e vitórias diárias, sempre buscando fazer o melhor para nossos pacientes, em todos os sentidos. O engraçado, ou triste, é que os “professores perfeitos” das redes sociais (ainda bem que são minoria) só fazem casos maravilhosos, nunca erram e as suas fotografias e casos são tão cheios de detalhes e de perfeição que, muitas vezes, até conseguimos perceber a manipulação na fotografia — para criar halos opalescentes, entre outros detalhes. Bom, vocês já sabem que, aqui, os casos clínicos de antes e depois são realmente do jeito que saíram das máquinas, com apenas algumas pequenas melhorias, para mostrá-los da maneira mais real possível para você, querido leitor. Esperamos que curtam mais uma edição dessa incrível revista. Nos vemos em breve. Um beijo e fiquem com Deus.
Two-step collocation methods for two-dimensional Volterra integral equations of the second kind
Authors: Torabi Seyed Mousa , Tari Abolfazl , Shahmorad Sedaghat
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we develop two-step collocation (2-SC) methods to solve two-dimensional nonlinear Volterra integral equations (2D-NVIEs) of the second kind. Here we convert a 2D-NVIE of the second kind to a one-dimensional case, and then we solve the resulting equation numerically by two-step collocation methods. We also study the convergence and stability analysis of the method. At the end, the accuracy and efficiency of the method is verified by solving two test equations which are stiff. In examples, we use the well-known differential transform method to obtain starting values.
Trespass to the Person, Human Rights and Ethically Contaminated Food: Freedom of Belief and Bodily Autonomy
Authors: Oliva Javier García , Hall Helen
Published: May 2019

This article explores the specific question of protection which tort law in England and Wales affords to individuals who are victims of ethical spiking (consumption of food contaminated by malicious third parties which is physically harmless, but repugnant to their religion or beliefs), and moves on to analyse the wider implications for the possible evolution of trespass to the person, and the relationship between tort and human rights law in the UK. Although not a comparative piece, it draws on some features of the Spanish paradigm which illustrate significant benefits of developing the law in the English context in the manner suggested.
List of keywords for polymer science (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Slomkowski Stanislaw , Fellows Christopher M. , Hiorns Roger C. , Jones Richard G. , Kubisa Przemyslaw , Luscombe Christine K. , Nakano Tamaki , Russell Gregory T. , dos Santos Claudio G. , Scholz Carmen , Stingelin Natalie , Walter Michael G.
Published: May 2019

This paper provides a list of the most important terms from all areas of polymer science including polymer chemistry, polymer physics, polymer technology and polymer properties. These have been assembled into a representative list of terms that serves as an IUPAC recommended list of keywords for polymer science.
Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia after full abdominoplasty: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bjelland Thor W. , Yates Thomas G.R. , Fagerland Morten W. , Frøyen Jan K. , Lysebråten Karl R. , Spreng Ulrich J.
Published: May 2019

Background and aims

The quadratus lumborum block (QLB) provides regional analgesia of the anterior abdominal wall, theoretically matching the postoperative pain after postbariatric standard full abdominoplasty. We investigated the effectiveness of a QLB as an addition to the current multimodal analgesia regimen in postbariatric patients treated with standard full abdominoplasty.

Methods

Randomized, placebo-controlled, triple blinded study (n = 50). All patients received perioperative paracetamol and intraoperative local anesthetic infiltration. QLB was administered bilaterally before induction of general anesthesia with 2 × 20 mL of either ropivacaine 3.75 mg/mL (n = 25) or placebo (saline 9 mg/mL) (n = 25). Patients received intravenous patient controlled opioid analgesia postoperatively. The primary endpoint was opioid use during the first 24 postoperative hours. Secondary endpoints were acute and chronic postoperative pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and other side effects.

Results

Patient characteristics were similar between groups. The primary endpoint in morphine equivalent units was similar between groups during the first 24 h with mean (SD) of 26 (25) vs. 33 (33) mg (p = 0.44) in the ropivacaine and placebo group, respectively. The observed effect was smaller, and SD larger than assumed in the sample size estimation. Linear mixed effects modeling indicated a minimal inter-group difference. No differences were found for secondary endpoints.

Conclusions

The QLB did not provide significant additional benefit in terms of reduced opioid requirements or secondary endpoints when administered as part of a multimodal pain regimen to postbariatric patients undergoing standard full abdominoplasty. A minimal difference of little clinical importance the first 12 postoperative hours may have been missed.

Implications

Including the QLB in the current multimodal pain regimen cannot be recommended based on these findings. The study does not preclude QLB use in individual cases where the multimodal regimen is inadequate or contraindicated. The effectiveness of the QLB for supraumbilical pain remains undocumented.
An online investigation into the impact of adding epidemiological information to imaging reports for low back pain
Authors: Medalian Yasmin , Moseley G. Lorimer , Karran Emma L.
Published: May 2019

Degenerative changes commonly feature on spinal images and are often identified in the imaging reports of pain-free individuals. Many of these findings relate to “normal” age-related characteristics, however are frequently interpreted as implying abnormality and may adversely influence patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of adding epidemiological information to lumbar imaging reports in a general adult population. This study was an online, scenario-based, randomised experiment. Participants were presented with a “virtual patient” scenario via an online survey and then randomly allocated to either receive a standard imaging report or a standard report with additional epidemiological information. The primary outcome was a composite “back-related perceptions” (BRP) score. Data from 247 participants (72% female) were included in the analysis. There was a small effect of group on BRP [F(12,444) = 6.75, p = 0.010] with participants who received the additional epidemiological information demonstrating more positive perceptions. Including epidemiological information in spinal imaging reports positively impacted “virtual-patient” perceptions in an online scenario-based study. This finding suggests that implementing a simple imaging reporting strategy may be reassuring and should be further considered for its potential to positively impact patient outcomes. Further research is warranted in clinical populations.
Preliminary evidence of biased attentional mechanisms and reward processing in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: O'Brien Jennifer L. , Jacob Marni L. , King Morgan
Published: May 2019

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive-disorder (OCD) may have difficulties in using feedback from rewarding and punishing experiences to optimally guide future decisions. The current aim was to examine how adults with OCD use associative learning feedback to direct attention toward learned stimuli when the action-outcome contingency for those stimuli has changed. Participants first learned to select high-probability (over low-probability) rewarding stimuli and low-probability (over high-probability) loss stimuli. Participants then saw these stimuli as the second of two targets in a task where available attentional resources were limited. Recognition of learned stimuli during limited attention was driven by previously learned stimulus-response associations instead of an attentional benefit toward the most favorable action-outcome associations (reward-associated stimuli), as demonstrated in prior research with non-OCD adults. The current evidence supports the hypothesis that individuals with OCD have difficulties shifting from learned stimulus-response associations when the response-outcome contingencies change.
Proof of concept study of the development of a survey protocol for adults with ASD participating in community-based programs
Authors: Jozkowski Amanda C. , Wilson Kaitlyn P. , Chasson Gregory S. , Crabtree Lisa
Published: May 2019

There is limited research regarding the effectiveness of community-based services for young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as they transition out of school and enter a more autonomous life stage. This study utilized a two-phase, mixed methods design to determine the feasibility and participant acceptability of a protocol developed to standardize an assessment of program effectiveness for young adults with ASD at a community-based center. Field notes, participant interviews, and clinical observations were combined with descriptive analysis of participant survey responses. This study offers insights into the process of effective outcomes measurement for young adults with ASD participating in community-based programs. Administration of the study's protocol is feasible; however, alternative methods of data collection should continue to be explored. Furthermore, research in the form of a pilot study is needed to further determine the protocol's facility for assessing program outcomes in young adults with ASD.
Geohistorical records of the Anthropocene in Chile
Authors: Gayo Eugenia M. , McRostie Virginia B. , Campbell Roberto , Flores Carola , Maldonado Antonio , Uribe-Rodriguez Mauricio , Moreno Patricio I. , Santoro Calogero M. , Christie Duncan A. , Muñoz Ariel A. , Gallardo Laura
Published: May 2019

The deep-time dynamics of coupled socio-ecological systems at different spatial scales is viewed as a key framework to understand trends and mechanisms that have led to the Anthropocene. By integrating archeological and paleoenvironmental records, we test the hypothesis that Chilean societies progressively escalated their capacity to shape national biophysical systems as socio-cultural complexity and pressures on natural resources increased over the last three millennia. We demonstrate that Pre-Columbian societies intentionally transformed Chile’s northern and central regions by continuously adjusting socio-cultural practices and/or incorporating technologies that guaranteed resource access and social wealth. The fact that past human activities led to cumulative impacts on diverse biophysical processes, not only contradicts the notion of pristine pre-Industrial Revolution landscapes, but suggests that the Anthropocene derives from long-term processes that have operated uninterruptedly since Pre-Columbian times. Moreover, our synthesis suggests that most of present-day symptoms that describe the Anthropocene are rooted in pre-Columbian processes that scaled up in intensity over the last 3000 years, accelerating after the Spanish colonization and, more intensely, in recent decades. The most striking trend is the observed coevolution between the intensity of metallurgy and heavy-metal anthropogenic emissions. This entails that the Anthropocene cannot be viewed as a universal imprint of human actions that has arisen as an exclusive consequence of modern industrial societies. In the Chilean case, this phenomenon is intrinsically tied to historically and geographically diverse configurations in society-environment feedback relationships. Taken collectively with other case studies, the patterns revealed here could contribute to the discussion about how the Anthropocene is defined globally, in terms of chronology, stratigraphic markers and attributes. Furthermore, this deep-time narrative can potentially become a science-based instrument to shape better-informed discourses about the socio-environmental history in Chile. More importantly, however, this research provides crucial “baselines” to delineate safe operating spaces for future socio-ecological systems.
Octreotide use for rescue of vision in a pregnant patient with acromegaly
Authors: Hannon Anne Marie , Frizelle Isolda , Kaar George , Hunter Steven J , Sherlock Mark , Thompson Christopher J , O’Halloran Domhnall J , _ _
Published: May 2019

Pregnancy in acromegaly is rare and generally safe, but tumour expansion may occur. Managing tumour expansion during pregnancy is complex, due to the potential complications of surgery and side effects of anti-tumoural medication. A 32-year-old woman was diagnosed with acromegaly at 11-week gestation. She had a large macroadenoma invading the suprasellar cistern. She developed bitemporal hemianopia at 20-week gestation. She declined surgery and was commenced on 100 µg subcutaneous octreotide tds, with normalisation of her visual fields after 2 weeks of therapy. She had a further deterioration in her visual fields at 24-week gestation, which responded to an increase in subcutaneous octreotide to 150 µg tds. Her vision remained stable for the remainder of the pregnancy. She was diagnosed with gestational diabetes at 14/40 and was commenced on basal bolus insulin regimen at 22/40 gestation. She otherwise had no obstetric complications. Foetal growth continued along the 50th centile throughout pregnancy. She underwent an elective caesarean section at 34/40, foetal weight was 3.2 kg at birth with an APGAR score of 9. The neonate was examined by an experienced neonatologist and there were no congenital abnormalities identified. She opted not to breastfeed and she is menstruating regularly post-partum. She was commenced on octreotide LAR 40 mg and referred for surgery. At last follow-up, 2 years post-partum, the infant has been developing normally. In conclusion, our case describes a first presentation of acromegaly in pregnancy and rescue of visual field loss with somatostatin analogue therapy.

Learning points:

Tumour expansion may occur in acromegaly during pregnancy.

Treatment options for tumour expansion in pregnancy include both medical and surgical options.

Somatostatin analogues may be a viable medical alternative to surgery in patients with tumour expansion during pregnancy.
Підхід до визначення паспортів спеціальностей шляхом системного аналізу державного управління
Authors: Bakumenko V. D.
Published: May 2019

У статті розглядається питання вдосконалення паспортів спеціальностей в галузі науки «Державне управління». У зв’язку з розвитком системи державного управління виникла необхідність уточнення та наукового обґрунтування паспортів спеціальностей галузі науки «Державне управління». Автор запропонував новий підхід до визначення паспортів спеціальностей на основі системного аналізу державно-управлінської діяльності. Цей підхід передбачає зміну назв та змісту спеціальностей 25.00.02 – механізми державного управління та 25.00.03 – державна служба на «державне управління суспільством» та «самовпорядкування системи державного управління» відповідно. Щодо спеціальностей 25.00.01 – теорія та історія державного управління та 25.00.04 – місцеве самоврядування, то запропоновано переглянути їх лише частково на предмет оновлення.
Пізнавальні засоби управління процесами перетворень
Authors: Reshetnichenko A. V. , Kirieieva O. B.
Published: May 2019

Розкрито стан, проблеми, багаторівневу структуру, механізми управління процесами впливу системи засобів пізнання на характер, напрямки і результати суспільних перетворень. Розглянуто визначальні умови подальшого існування та розвитку людства. Робиться акцент на розумінні природи засобів пізнання і їх впливу на управління процесами суспільних перетворень. Сучасне суспільство не може розробити ефективну пізнавальну систему. Без нової системи пізнання суспільний розвиток не може набути прогресивної спрямованості. Розглянуто різницю між гносеологічним, епістемологічним та когнітологічним підходами до пізнавальної діяльності. Порушується питання числових, звукових, кольорових та словесних засобів відображення явищ дійсності. Розглядаються якісно різні можливості засобів пізнання на початкових, середніх та вищих етапах розвитку самих суб’єктів буття. Представлено рівневі моделі усвідомлюваних засобів пізнавальної діяльності, усвідомлюваних засобів перетворень, позасвідомих засобів пізнання та позасвідомих засобів перетворень. Виділено нижчі, середні та вищі рівні. Зроблено висновки про необхідність кардинальної зміни парадигмальних конструктів процесів пізнавальної діяльності та процесів якісно нових перетворень; про ізольованість системи пізнання від стратегічних шляхів розвитку суспільства. Запропонована нова система пізнання, в якій головна увага приділена загальній концепції управління процесами перетворень.
Здоровий спосіб життя як сучасна домінанта державної молодіжної політики в Україні
Authors: Khozhylo I. I.
Published: May 2019

Стаття присвячена розгляду актуальної проблеми формування здорового способу життя як складової вітчизняної державної молодіжної політики. Здійснено огляд основних законодавчих та нормативно-правових актів України з питань формування здорового способу життя. Особливий акцент зроблено на аналізі перспективних нормативно-правових актів, що регламентують заходи формування та реалізації здорового способу життя в контексті виконання міжнародних зобов’язань України. Ґрунтовно проаналізовано структуру програмного забезпечення виконання міжнародних зобов’язань Української держави щодо формування та реалізації здорового способу життя в молодіжному середовищі у розрізі правових, організаційних, фінансових та соціальних механізмів державного управління.
Соціально-політичні аспекти теорії «довгих хвиль»: цикли політичної активності у взаємодії держави, бізнесу та громадянського суспільства
Authors: Kvitka S. A.
Published: May 2019

Теорія «довгих хвиль» М.Кондратьєва є визнаною у світі концепцією циклічних процесів у суспільстві. Загальносвітові тенденції по-різному виявляються у різних країнах і не мають чітко встановлених часових рамок. Між тим наявність економічних циклів не викликає сумнівів у більшості вчених. Також для багатьох дослідників циклічних процесів у суспільстві безперечним є взаємозв’язок економічних та суспільно-політичних процесів. На цьому наголошували як до Кондратьєва, так і він сам та його послідовники. Зокрема доведено, що аспекти економічної історії тісно пов’язані зі збоями послідовності соціально-політичних процесів. «Хвилі» економічного зростання та падіння викликають відповідні хвильові явища у суспільстві. Сучасні дослідники «довгих хвиль» доводять взаємозв’язок фаз економічного розвитку з масовими проявами девіантної поведінки, бунтами та революціями.Важливою складовою сталого розвитку тієї чи іншої країни на сьогодні є відповідність державного управління потребам розвитку економіки (бізнесу) і сучасного інформаційного суспільства (громадянського суспільтва). Такі ж тендеції можна відзначити і в сучасній історії України. Невідповідність дій державних структур потребам та очікуванням більшості активного населення країни призвели до виникнення масового протестного руху. В умовах глобального інформаційного суспільства, враховуючи центральне місце України у глобальній розстановці сил між головними країнами-акторам сьогодення, це призвело до безпосереднього міжнародного втручання у послідовність виходу з кризової ситуації в Україні. Між тим, оскільки, відповідно до періодизації сучасної «довгої хвилі» у світі фаза нестабільності (що передує структурній кризі) тільки-но має розпочатись та, за умови відповідності політики української держави вимогам інформаційного суспільства, в Україні можна уникнути катастрофічного сценарію розвитку подій.
Регіональна цільова програма «Зір ветерана» як складова вітчизняної системи соціального захисту населення
Authors: Rozhko O. O. , Khozhylo I. I.
Published: May 2019

У статті висвітлюються питання розробки та реалізації регіональної цільової програми «Зір ветерана» як складової вітчизняної системи соціального захисту населення. Досліджуються її організаційно-правові механізми, принципи та форми реалізації. Аналізуються державно-управлінські підходи в реалізації таких програм уконтексті основних засад публічного управління з метою максимізації соціального ефекту.В Україні система соціального захисту населення має на меті забезпечення широких можливостей для участі найбільш незахищених верств населення, а саме: інвалідів, у соціально-економічному та політичному житті суспільства, реалізації їх інтелектуального та фізичного потенціалу, створення умов для їх нормальної життєдіяльності. Тому органи державної влади та органи місцевого самоврядування розробляють відповідні програми соціального захисту. Однією з таких програм, яка за часів незалежності є новаторською за своєю суттю, стала програма «Зір ветерана». В Україні вперше була реалізована на регіональному рівні ініціатива органів влади щодо проведення адресного обстеження, діагностики та забезпечення засобами корекції інвалідів зору та ветеранів Великої Вітчизняної війни за рахунок бюджетних коштів. З метою максимізації соціального ефекту при реалізації програми «Зір ветерана» були застосовані принципи публічного управління.