bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Single-Stage LED Driver Based on Boost Circuit and CLCL-T Resonant Converter
Authors: Ma Jianguang , Sun Ying , Liu Zhijun
Published: December 2023

This paper proposed a single-stage AC-DC converter based on boost circuit and CLCL-T resonant converter for improving the performance of the LED driver. In practice, the two-stage LED driver is not suitable for low-power lighting applications. To overcome the problems, by integrating the boost power factor correction (PFC) circuit and CLCL-T resonant DC–DC converter, the proposed LED driver exhibits high efficiency and high reliability. The CLCL-T resonant converter can achieve soft-switching on the power switch and rectifier diode and reduce the switch losses at high frequencies. Operation principle, performance analysis and design considerations for the proposed LED driver are analyzed and discussed. The results indicate that the proposed single-stage LED driver is superior in terms of efficiency, volume and number of components. Finally, a 100-W experimental prototype is implemented, and the experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed LED driver.
Fully Pipelined FPGA Acceleration of Binary Convolutional Neural Networks with Neural Architecture Search
Authors: Ji Mengfei , Al-Ars Zaid , Chang Yuchun , Zhang Baolin
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we present a fully pipelined and semi-parallel channel convolutional neural network hardware accelerator structure. This structure can trade off the compute time and the hardware utilization, allowing the accelerator to be layer pipelined without the need for fully parallelizing the input and output channels. A parallel strategy is applied to reduce the time gap in transferring the output results between different layers. The parallelism can be decided based on the hardware resources on the target FPGA. We use this structure to implement a binary ResNet18 based on the neural architecture search strategy, which can increase the accuracy of manually designed binary convolutional neural networks. Our optimized binary ResNet18 can achieve a Top-1 accuracy of 60.5% on the ImageNet dataset. We deploy this ResNet18 hardware implementation on an Alphadata 9H7 FPGA, connected with an OpenCAPI interface, to demonstrate the hardware capabilities. Depending on the amount of parallelism used, the latency can range from 1.12 to 6.33 ms, with a corresponding throughput of 4.56 to 0.71 TOPS for different hardware utilization, with a 200 MHz clock frequency. Our best latency is [Formula: see text] lower and our best throughput is [Formula: see text] higher compared to the best previous works. The code for our implementation is open-source and publicly available on GitHub at https://github.com/MFJI/NASBRESNET .
Density-Colored Bifurcation Diagrams — A Complementary Tool for Chaotic Map Analysis
Authors: Moysis Lazaros , Lawnik Marcin , Volos Christos
Published: December 2023

This work presents a numerical method to color the bifurcation diagram of any discrete map, based on the distribution of the map’s values in its domain. This density-colored diagram reveals information on the uniformity of the map’s value distribution across its domain set, as a bifurcation parameter is increased. This diagram can serve as a complementary visual tool for the analysis of chaotic maps, and can be vital for the application of chaotic dynamics.
Deep Learning for Nonlinear Characterization of Electrostatic Vibrating Beam MEMS
Authors: Alattar Basil , Ghommem Mehdi , Puzyrev Vladimir
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we integrate deep learning techniques with the motion-induced current method to analyze the nonlinear response of electrostatic MEMS resonators consisting of vibrating beams under electrostatic actuation. The motion-induced current method relies on a transduction mechanism that converts the motion of the resonator to a current signal. The third harmonic of the induced current captures the motion characteristics of the MEMS resonator. We conduct electrical measurements on a MEMS device comprising a microcantilever beam subject to electrostatic actuation using a side electrode. The electrical measurements are verified against their optical counterparts to confirm the suitability of the motion-induced current method to analyze the motion of the MEMS resonator. Next, we develop a model by combining deep learning methods with experimental data aiming to detect the nonlinear dynamics associated with the motion of the resonator when subjected to large actuation voltages. The results demonstrate high prediction accuracy of the data-driven model in terms of capturing the peak resonance, the onset of bifurcation, the occurrence hysteresis and its bandwidth.
Simple Time-Periodic Delay Can Support Complex Dynamics
Authors: Li Mingshan , Xie Naiming , Zhou Xiaoliang
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we investigate the complex dynamics of a mapping derived from a differential equation with simple time-periodic delay. Firstly, we calculate the truncated normal form of 1:1 resonance of the mapping at a degenerate fixed point and obtain an approximating system of the mapping by using Picard iteration. By analyzing the approximate system, we find that the mapping will undergo a 1:1 resonance at the degenerate fixed point. Secondly, the qualitative property and the stability of the degenerate fixed point are determined, which provide a new view to understand the dynamic of differential equation with simple time-periodic delay. However, the approximate system does not have the versal unfolding of the Bogdanov–Takens singularity of codimension 2. These phenomena show that simple time-periodic delay can support complex dynamics. Finally, a numerical simulation is carried out to verify the analytic results.
A Strong Key Expansion Algorithm Based on Nondegenerate 2D Chaotic Map Over GF(2n)
Authors: Xu Dongya , Liu Hongjun
Published: December 2023

The strength of a cryptosystem relies on the security of its key expansion algorithm, which is an important component of a block cipher. However, numerous block ciphers exhibit the vulnerability of reversibility and serialization. Therefore, it is necessary to design an irreversible parallel key expansion algorithm to generate independent round keys. First, a 2D nondegenerate exponential chaotic map (2D-NECM) is constructed, and the results of the dynamic analysis show that the 2D-NECM possesses ergodicity and superior randomness within a large range of parameters. Then, an irreversible parallel key expansion algorithm is designed based on 2D-NECM and primitive polynomial over GF([Formula: see text]). By injecting random perturbation into the initial key, the algorithm can generate different round keys even if the same initial key is used. Simulation results indicate that the algorithm has high security performance. It effectively satisfies the requirements of irreversibility and parallelism, while ensuring the mutual independence of round keys.
Constructing a Nondegenerate 2D Integer-Domain Hyperchaotic Map Over GF(2n) with Application in Parallel Hashing
Authors: Cao Yafei , Liu Hongjun , Xu Dongya
Published: December 2023

To solve the problem of finite precision effect of existing chaotic maps on digital platform, first, a nondegenerate 2D integer-domain hyperchaotic map (2D-IDHCM) over GF([Formula: see text]) is constructed. Then, the proof that 2D-IDHCM satisfies Devaney’s definition of chaos and the proof of boundedness of Lyapunov exponents are given. The analytic results of dynamic behaviors demonstrate that 2D-IDHCM has ergodicity and large Lyapunov exponents within a certain parameter range, and without dynamic degradation. Finally, to verify the practicality of 2D-IDHCM, a keyed hash function based on 2D-IDHCM is designed, which can absorb variable-length message and generates 256, 512, 1024-bit or longer hash values in parallel. The experimental results demonstrate that 2D-IDHCM has better dynamic behaviors, and can be used in practical applications.
Initial vorticities of quark–gluon matter in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Lei Anke , Wang Dujuan , Zhou Dai-Mei , Sa Ben-Hao , Csernai Laszlo Pal , Bravina Larissa V.
Published: December 2023

We calculate four types of initial vorticities in Au[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Au collisions at energies [Formula: see text]–200[Formula: see text]GeV using a microscopic transport model PACIAE. Our simulation shows the nonmonotonic dependence of the initial vorticities on the collision energies. The energy turning point is around 10–15[Formula: see text]GeV for different vorticities but not sensitive to impact parameter.
Varying weights of marginal contributions: One approach to solving the low-risk puzzle?
Authors: Hiller Tobias
Published: December 2023

This paper enhances previous studies of the so-called low-risk puzzle with concepts from cooperative game theory. To allocate portfolio risk to single assets, previous studies used concepts such as the Shapley value. In these concepts, the marginal contributions of assets to risks of subsets of the portfolio are evaluated with fixed pre-specified weights. In this paper, we vary these weights. We show the application by means of a simulation study. In this context, varying the weights of the marginal contributions generates added value to the solution of the so-called low-risk puzzle.
Vibration Characteristics of FML Cylindrical Shell Bonded by Thin Piezoelectric Actuator and Sensor Layer with and without Fluid–Structure Interaction Resting on Pasternak Elastic Foundation
Authors: Khademi-Kouhi M. , Ghasemi-Ghalebahman A. , Farrokhabadi A. , Aliha M. R. M.
Published: December 2023

The present study investigates the vibration analysis of cylindrical shells composed of fiber metal laminate (FML) with embedded piezoelectric layers, undergoing fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and resting on a Pasternak elastic foundation based on the principles of three-dimensional elasticity theory. Using the state space approach, the equations of motion were derived under simply supported boundary conditions. The natural frequencies of the FML cylindrical shell, accounting for the presence of a moving fluid, were computed by solving the eigenfrequency equations. The study examined the influence of various parameters, including boundary conditions, length-to-radius ratio, fluid type, fluid velocity, circumferential wave number, and radius-to-thickness ratio, on glass-reinforced aluminum laminate (GLARE), aramid-reinforced aluminum laminate (ARALL), and carbon-reinforced aluminum laminate (CARALL). A constant composite/metal volume ratio was assumed. The results obtained were validated by comparing with natural frequency values from the existing literature, confirming the agreement and convergence with previous studies. The results confirm that the highest natural frequency values are assigned to the CARALL, ARALL and GRALE structures in descending order. Furthermore, an increase in fluid flow velocity through the cylindrical shell correlates with a reduction in natural frequency.
Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanostructure on the Electrical Conductivity of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Thin Films
Authors: Ali D. Zainab Abd , Ahamed A. , Dakhil A. Osama
Published: December 2023

Zinc oxide nanoparticles in the form of particles and rods were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination was performed. The results of the SEM tests showed the nanoscale size of zinc oxide nanoparticles was (75 nm) for particles and (150 nm) for rods. An X-ray diffraction examination was carried out, and a comparison was made between the diffraction pattern of the ZnO nanoparticle and the rods. The results showed that the ZnO nanoparticle is in the hexagonal wurtzite phase of the structure of the particles and rods. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (particles and rods) produced by the hydrothermal method have been used as an additive in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer matrix to form PVA–ZnO NPs composite thin films. The optical properties of the membrane were studied using ultraviolet–visible examination, which showed a decrease in the energy gap of the composite thin film compared to the pure membrane. While the electrical properties of composite thin film, including resistivity, mobility and majority carrier charge carriers of composite thin film, were measured using the Hall effect measurement. The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles have a higher conductivity than nanorods.
Quantifying quantum entanglement in two-qubit mixed state from connected correlator
Authors: Guo Xingyu , Ma Chen-Te
Published: December 2023

Our study employs a connected correlation matrix to quantify quantum entanglement. The matrix encompasses all necessary measures for assessing the degree of entanglement between particles. We begin with a three-qubit state and involve obtaining a mixed state by performing partial tracing over one qubit. Our goal is to exclude the non-connected sector by focusing on the connected correlation. This suggests that the connected correlation is deemed crucial for capturing relevant entanglement degrees. The study classifies mixed states and observes that separable states exhibit the lowest correlation within each class. We demonstrate that the entanglement measure monotonically increases concerning the correlation measure. This implies that connected correlation serves as an effective measure of quantum entanglement. Finally, our proposal suggests that interpreting quantum entanglement from a local perspective is possible. The observable is described as a vector with locality but violates freedom of choice.
Some Results on Statistically Pre-Cauchy Sequences of Fuzzy Variables Defined by Orlicz Functions in Credibility Space
Authors: Das Mousami , Kişi Ömer , Tripathy Binod Chandra , Das Birojit
Published: December 2023

This study introduces the concept of statistically pre-Cauchy sequences of fuzzy variables in five directions of credibility theory: almost surely, in measure, in mean, in distribution, and uniformly almost surely. However, the main focus is kept on statistically pre-Cauchy sequences in measure, in mean, and in distribution. Furthermore, a correlation between statistically pre-Cauchy sequences and statistically convergent sequences is established using fuzzy variables. Additionally, the exploration of statistically pre-Cauchy sequences of fuzzy variables is initiated through the application of Orlicz functions. The objective is to enhance the understanding of the statistical behavior and convergence properties of fuzzy variables in various credibility scenarios.
Caputo–Fabrizio Heat Transport in a Moving Thin Slab Due to Laser Pulse
Authors: Sur Abhik
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study is to characterize the micro-structural effects for the thermoelastic interactions in a moving finite medium due to a time-dependent laser heat source. The heat transport equation has been formulated in the context of dual-phase-lag (DPL) model of generalized thermoelasticity. The medium is subjected to a time-dependent laser heat source, in which the capacity of the source decays exponentially. It is assumed that the boundaries of the medium are thermally insulated. The heat transport equation is formulated using the Caputo–Fabrizio derivative. Laplace transform technique is used to solve the governing equations and a suitable numerical scheme is adopted to arrive at the solutions. The corresponding numerical inversion has been carried out using the Zakian method. According to the graphical representations, conclusions about the new theory are constructed. The graphical representation interprets a novel observation of how the numerical scheme of the Zakian method gives superior results compared to Tzou algorithm or Stehfest method. Moreover, a comparative study between the Cattaneo–Vernotte equation and the DPL equation has been analyzed and, due to the microstructural effects into the delayed response in time, the superiority of the DPL model compared to the CV model is analyzed too.
NIR-II fluorescence imaging in liver tumor surgery: A narrative review
Authors: Liu Zihao , Yan Lifeng , Hu Qingsong , Yin Dalong
Published: December 2023

In liver tumor surgery, the recognition of tumor margin and radical resection of microcancer focis have always been the crucial points to reduce postoperative recurrence of tumor. However, naked-eye inspection and palpation have limited effectiveness in identifying tumor boundaries, and traditional imaging techniques cannot consistently locate tumors in real time. As an intraoperative real-time navigation imaging method, NIR fluorescence imaging has been extensively studied for its simplicity, reliable safety, and superior sensitivity, and is expected to improve the accuracy of liver tumor surgery. In recent years, the research focus of NIR fluorescence has gradually shifted from the first near-infrared window (NIR-I, 700–900 nm) to the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700[Formula: see text]nm). Fluorescence imaging in NIR-II reduces the scattering effect of deep tissue, providing a preferable detection depth and spatial resolution while significantly eliminating liver autofluorescence background to clarify tumor margin. Developing fluorophores combined with tumor antibodies will further improve the precision of fluorescence-guided surgical navigation. With the development of a bunch of fluorophores with phototherapy ability, NIR-II can integrate tumor detection and treatment to explore a new therapeutic strategy for liver cancer. Here, we review the recent progress of NIR-II fluorescence technology in liver tumor surgery and discuss its challenges and potential development direction.
In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via fiber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting
Authors: Priest Kathryn M. , Schluns Jacob V. , Nischal Nathania , Gattis Colton L. , Wolchok Jeffrey C. , Muldoon Timothy J.
Published: December 2023

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). NADH is autofluorescent, and its fluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living cells. Fiber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo, enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue regeneration. This study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based, minimally-invasive NADH fluorescence lifetime measurement in vivo. Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of male Sprague Dawley rats. NADH lifetime measurements were collected before, during, and after a 30[Formula: see text]s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles, which was subsequently fit to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization (cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH, the A[Formula: see text]/A[Formula: see text] ratio). On average, this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest, suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle, indicating increased rates of glycolysis. In injured muscle, this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time, which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury, suggesting tissue regeneration has occurred. These data suggest that fiber-coupled TCSPC has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.
On definition of group homomorphism graph
Authors: Barman Bikash , Rajkhowa Kukil Kalpa
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the group homomorphism graph is introduced and investigated. The group homomorphism graph, denoted by [Formula: see text], is an undirected graph in which the vertex set contains all homomorphisms excluding the monomorphisms and the zero homomorphism from the group [Formula: see text] to the group [Formula: see text], and two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if the intersection of their kernels is non-trivial. We investigate the interplay between the graph-theoretic properties of this graph with algebraic properties of the groups. In this work, connectedness, diameter, clique number, chromatic number, domination number, independence number, etc. are found.
Algebraic structures on Soft𝔈(𝕃 )
Authors: Shirvani Bourojeni M. , Muhiuddin G. , Mohseni Takallo M.
Published: December 2023

In this research, we introduce the notion of an [Formula: see text]-soft and investigate several universal properties of it. Then, the family of [Formula: see text]-softs is established and denoted by [Formula: see text]. So, we tried to build an algebraic structure on [Formula: see text]. First, we showed that [Formula: see text] with sub-[Formula: see text] operation is a poset. Also, we proved that [Formula: see text] with some operations made a complete distributive bounded lattice, bounded hoop, bounded L-algebra, CKL-algebra, BCK-algebra, commutative integral quantum B-algebra and Boolean algebra. Finally, we presented a congruence relation on [Formula: see text] and we investigated the quotient of it.
On degree-based entropy measure for zero-divisor graphs
Authors: Hanif Muhammad Farhan , Mahmood Hasan , Ahmad Shahbaz
Published: December 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with [Formula: see text] A zero-divisor graph [Formula: see text] is an undirected graph on the vertex set [Formula: see text] such that any two nonzero elements [Formula: see text] are adjacent whenever [Formula: see text] The concept of entropy measure is fundamental and has been the subject of interest in various fields. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the entropy measure of [Formula: see text] for various rings. We take into consideration the ring [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are distinct prime numbers. Moreover, we also discussed the entropy measure of the zero-divisor graph for the rings [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] This study will help us further understand the algebraic structure of the commutative rings.
On the unit interval graphs which are paired k-disjoint path coverable
Authors: Li Peng , Liu Tong , Long Yangjing
Published: December 2023

In the research content of this paper, we characterize the unit interval graphs which are paired [Formula: see text]-disjoint path coverable. Specifically, we prove that [Formula: see text] is paired [Formula: see text]-disjoint path coverable if and only if [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-connected, where [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we show that [Formula: see text] is semi-paired [Formula: see text]-disjoint path coverable if and only if [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-connected where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Fractional coloring problem of 1-planar graphs without short cycles
Authors: Li Meng Jiao , Sun Lei , Zheng Wei
Published: December 2023

We consider a new coloring as follows such that a subset of [Formula: see text] needs very few colors. Let [Formula: see text] be a graph with vertex set [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be three integers with [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] is a vertex subset of [Formula: see text], graph [Formula: see text] is said to be [Formula: see text]-weak [Formula: see text]-choosable about set [Formula: see text], if the following can be satisfied: For any list assignment [Formula: see text], there is a way that each vertex [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is assigned [Formula: see text] colors of [Formula: see text] and each vertex [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is assigned [Formula: see text] colors of [Formula: see text] such that the color sets corresponding to adjacent vertices do not intersect. In this paper, we consider the [Formula: see text]-weak [Formula: see text]-choosable problem of [Formula: see text]-planar graphs without short cycles and prove our results by the discharging method. In this paper, we prove that every [Formula: see text]-planar graph without [Formula: see text]-cycles, [Formula: see text]-cycles and adjacent [Formula: see text]-cycles is [Formula: see text]-weak [Formula: see text]-choosable about set [Formula: see text].
A mathematical framework for spatio-temporal control in industrial drying
Authors: Ó Náraigh Lennon
Published: December 2023

We introduce two models of industrial drying — a simplified one-equation model, and a detailed three-equation model. The purpose of the simplified model is rigorous validation of numerical methods for PDE-constrained optimal control. The purpose of the detailed model is to be able to predict and control the behavior of an industrial disk drier. For both models, we introduce a fully validated numerical method to compute the optimal source term to maintain the outlet temperature as close as possible to the set-point temperature. By performing simulations using realistic parameters for industrial driers, we illustrate potential applications of the method.
The distribution of sample mean-variance portfolio weights
Authors: Kan Raymond , Lassance Nathan , Wang Xiaolu
Published: December 2023

We present a simple stochastic representation for the joint distribution of sample estimates of three scalar parameters and two vectors of portfolio weights that characterize the minimum-variance frontier. This stochastic representation is useful for sampling observations efficiently, deriving moments in closed-form, and studying the distribution and performance of many portfolio strategies that are functions of these five variables. We also present the asymptotic joint distributions of these five variables for both the standard regime and the high-dimensional regime. Both asymptotic distributions are simpler than the finite-sample one, and the one for the high-dimensional regime, i.e. when the number of assets and the sample size go together to infinity at a constant rate, reveals the high-dimensional properties of the considered estimators. Our results extend upon T. Bodnar, H. Dette, N. Parolya and E. Thorstén [Sampling distributions of optimal portfolio weights and characteristics in low and large dimensions, Random Matrices: Theory Appl. 11 (2022) 2250008].
Subsequence Join in Streaming Time Series under Dynamic Time Warping
Authors: Cong Giao Bui , Tuan Anh Duong
Published: December 2023

Subsequence join in time series is to search for couples of similar subsequences from multiple time series. The task is useful in data mining on time series; nevertheless, it is extremely difficult because of its enormous computational cost. The task should use normalized time series during the search execution and be performed under an efficient distance measure to obtain accurate resulting couples. The task is more challenging when it works in a streaming environment in which time-series data might be collected very quickly. To address this problem, we propose an efficient method of subsequence join in streaming time series under Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), supporting z-score normalization. The proposed method utilizes a technique of subsequence extraction based on major extrema of streaming time series to search for couples of similar subsequences from coevolving time series. This method can identify couples of similar subsequences of the same length or different lengths. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high performance and can bring out interesting couples of similar subsequences. In addition, this method acts as an approximation algorithm suitable for a streaming scenario where users often expect fast responses from the task of subsequence join over time-series streams of high rates.
Controlling Musculoskeletal System with Spinal Cord-Inspired Constraint Force Field Primitives
Authors: Zhong Shanlin , Wu Yaxiong , Wu Wei , Qiao Hong
Published: December 2023

Organisms naturally have extraordinary motor ability. They can autonomously control the highly redundant and nonlinear musculoskeletal system to complete fast and flexible movements. Motor primitive theory proposed that a complex movement can be realized by modular organization of simple movement patterns. This theory provides a convincing theoretical basis for explaining the extraordinary motor ability of organisms, and has been supported by plenty of experimental evidences in neurosciences. As a kind of typical motor primitive related to the modular regulation of the spinal motor system, convergent force field was thought to be significant for reducing the complexity of controlling numerous muscles and joints simultaneously. Inspired by the primitive property of convergent force field, in this paper, we proposed a new algorithm to efficiently construct constraint force field on musculoskeletal system with highly redundant actuators by taking optimized parameters of constraint force field as motor primitives. Compared with previous methods of constructing constraint force field, the proposed algorithm is able to reduce the dimension of the solution space so as to effectively improve the computational efficiency of constructing constraint force field in musculoskeletal system with redundant muscles. Validation experiments were carried out in a musculoskeletal system with 10 redundant muscles. The number of optimization iterations and computational time required for constructing constraint force field at a new position were significantly reduced. The system can accurately reach the target position using constant activations. This work may bring in new inspiration for realizing efficient and accurate motion control of musculoskeletal robots with limited feedback accuracy.
Further Development of Rotating Beamforming Techniques Using Asynchronous Measurements
Authors: Kocsis Bálint , Horváth Csaba
Published: December 2023

When rotating noise sources, such as turbomachinery, are investigated using phased microphone array measurements and beamforming, sidelobes appear on the resulting beamforming maps. Sidelobes can be decreased by increasing the number of microphones. However, if the investigated phenomenon is steady, then there is a cost-effective alternative: performing asynchronous measurements using phased arrays having a limited number of microphones. The single beamforming maps can be combined in order to arrive at results that are superior in resolution and sidelobe levels. This technique has been investigated in the literature, but according to the authors’ best knowledge, has not yet been applied to turbomachinery. This article introduces a means for applying the asynchronous measurement technique and the combination methods for rotating noise sources. The combination methods are demonstrated on two rotating point sources (both in simulations and measurements), and then on an axial flow fan test case. In the case of the two rotating point sources, the achievable improvement in resolution, average-, and maximum sidelobe levels are shown as compared to the single results. In the case of the axial flow fan, it is demonstrated that the combination methods provide more reliable noise source locations and reveal further noise sources.
Virtual Rotating Array for Near-Field Localization of Rotating Sound Sources
Authors: Feng Jianixong , Liu Yangfan , Li Kai Ming
Published: December 2023

In this study, a more efficient time domain (TD) virtual rotating array (VRA) method is proposed that employs a zeroth-order interpolation scheme. The interpolation of sound fields in the receiver plane using only the nearest microphone at each time step improves the efficiency of the entire process. Additionally, the VRA method is demonstrated to function well with near-field acoustic holography for localizing rotating sound sources. The proposed methods are numerically and experimentally validated. The zeroth-order interpolation scheme is compared with linear, barycentric, and radial basis function schemes using either a circular array or an arbitrary array. The holographic reconstructions are compared for selected one-third octave band center frequencies. Compressive sensing-based holography is used for increasing the resolution of the numerical simulations at low frequencies. The source strength is calculated by integrating the holographic spectra in the source plane. A comparison of the predicted source strengths and locations suggests that the zeroth-order scheme yields a more accurate solution than higher-order schemes. The proposed zeroth-order scheme and the source reconstruction using VRA signals have the potential to visualize sound fields produced by compact rotating structures.
Constraining the exhumation history of the Greater Himalayan Sequence, Kali Gandaki, Central Nepal
Authors: Pye Alexandra E. , Hodges Kip V. , Ehlers Todd A. , van Soest Matthijs C. , McDonald Christopher S. , Bhandari Basant
Published: December 2023

To understand the evolution of the Himalayan orogen, we first need to understand how the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) evolved through time and space. We present new (and previously published) thermochronological results from a transect in the footwall and ductile shear zone of the basal structure of the STDS in the Kali Gandaki region: the Annapurna detachment. The exhumation history is interpreted from observations using 1D thermal–kinematic models that invert to give the exhumation rate of samples. Recently published data have suggested that high-temperature slip on the detachment persisted until at least
c.
12 Ma, more recently than is commonly assumed for STDS deformation. Our new data and modelling support these findings and suggest that the cessation of slip coincided with a dramatic (>50%) decrease in the exhumation rate of the shear zone and its footwall at
c.
12–10 Ma. Exhumation rates remained low until
c.
3 Ma, after which they increased to levels comparable with those that characterized STDS activity. Plausible causes of this late pulse of exhumation include an intensification of the Asian winter monsoon and the establishment of today's Indian summer monsoon, glaciation and/or an internal structural reorganization of the Himalayan orogenic wedge driving localized rock uplift in the hinterland.

Supplementary Material,
including method descriptions, full datasets and supplemental figures, is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6949467
3D fault model and seismotectonics indicate the potential seismic risk in the Daliang Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lu Renqi , Zhao Cuiping , Zhang Jinyu , Wang Qincai , Sun Xiao , Xu Fang , Sun Haoyue
Published: December 2023

Areas of active tectonics host many active faults and frequently experience moderate to large earthquakes. The possibility of devastating earthquakes makes the development of major infrastructure projects in these areas risky. World-class large-scale step hydroelectric projects have been built along the Jinsha River, such as the Xiangjiaba, Xiluodu, Baihetan and Wudongde reservoirs in the Daliang Mountains of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Using the SKUA-GoCAD modelling platform, we created a thorough 3D model of the active faults. Regional geological information, historical strong earthquake catalogues, small earthquakes with fine displacement and 3D seismic tomography are all integrated in this model. The Mabian–Yanjin fault belt consists of a number of discontinuous faults that are either exposed on the surface or concealed, according to the 3D fault model. Some destructive earthquakes, including two enormous M
s
7 and many moderate earthquakes, have occurred along this fault belt. Some pre-existing thrust faults, together with numerous immature faults in specific areas, may have been reactivated and changed into strike-slip faults. The Jinsha River basin's seismic and geological concerns must be carefully considered given the existence of such intricate fault networks and seismic activity.

Supplementary material:
A video of the 3D fault model is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6949201
New geochemical and age constraints (
40
Ar/
39
Ar and U–Pb) on forearc intrusive rocks from the New Caledonia Ophiolite (SW Pacific): diversity of melts generated at hot subduction inception
Authors: Cluzel Dominique , Montanini Alessandra , Secchiari Arianna , Ferrari Elisa , Heizler Matt , Jourdan Fred , Meffre Sebastien , Zhou Renjie , Teyssier Christian
Published: December 2023

The New Caledonia Ophiolite is cross-cut by coarse- to medium-grained pyroxenite and hornblende gabbro/diorite dykes intruded between 55.5 and 50 Ma (U–Pb zircon and
40
Ar/
39
Ar hornblende), whereas the finer grained dolerites of tholeiitic affinity are younger (50–47 Ma). The production of hornblende gabbros/diorites was modelled by moderate degrees (20–40%) of partial melting of the high-temperature amphibolites of the metamorphic sole. The end-member compositions (hornblendites and anorthosites) resulted from solid-state phase segregation of crystal mushes within tectonically active magmatic conduits. Cascade reactions of the slab melts with mantle wedge peridotites successively formed clinoenstatite-bearing boninite magmas, which fed gabbronorite cumulate lenses at the mantle–crust transition; in turn, the clinoenstatite-bearing boninite melts reacted with peridotites to form websterites. The youngest magmas (of tholeiitic affinity) appeared
c.
6 Myr after the inception of subduction when the cooler subducting slab plunged more steeply. Incipient slab retreat allowed corner flow, triggering low-pressure hydrous melting of the uplifted asthenosphere. The early stages of forearc magmatism were closely associated with transcurrent shear zones, which recorded oblique subduction inception. The early Eocene tectonic and magmatic features of the New Caledonia Ophiolite provide evidence for a north- or NE-dipping hot (forced) subduction zone in the SW Pacific, notably distinct from the slightly younger west-dipping Izu-Bonin–Marianna cold (spontaneous) subduction system.

Supplementary material:
Field pictures, additional diagrams, GPS location of dated samples, whole-rock geochemical and isotope data, Ar/Ar data, U–Pb zircon data, and distribution coefficients (
K
d
) of trace elements used for modelling are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6949265

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Ophiolites, melanges and blueschists collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/ophiolites-melanges-and-blueschists
GEqO: ML-Accelerated Semantic Equivalence Detection
Authors: Haynes Brandon , Alotaibi Rana , Pavlenko Anna , Leeka Jyoti , Jindal Alekh , Tian Yuanyuan
Published: December 2023

Large scale analytics engines have become a core dependency for modern data-driven enterprises to derive business insights and drive actions. These engines support a large number of analytic jobs processing huge volumes of data on a daily basis, and workloads are often inundated with overlapping computations across multiple jobs. Reusing common computation is crucial for efficient cluster resource utilization and reducing job execution time. Detecting common computation is the first and key step for reducing this computational redundancy. However, detecting equivalence on large-scale analytics engines requires efficient and scalable solutions that are fully automated. In addition, to maximize computation reuse, equivalence needs to be detected at the semantic level instead of just the syntactic level (i.e., the ability to detect semantic equivalence of seemingly different-looking queries). Unfortunately, existing solutions fall short of satisfying these requirements.

In this paper, we take a major step towards filling this gap by proposing GEqO, a portable and lightweight machine-learning-based framework for efficiently identifying semantically equivalent computations at scale. GEqO introduces two machine-learning-based filters that quickly prune out nonequivalent subexpressions and employs a semi-supervised learning feedback loop to iteratively improve its model with an intelligent sampling mechanism. Further, with its novel database-agnostic featurization method, GEqO can transfer the learning from one workload and database to another. Our extensive empirical evaluation shows that, on TPC-DS-like queries, GEqO yields significant performance gains-up to 200x faster than automated verifiers-and finds up to 2x more equivalences than optimizer and signature-based equivalence detection approaches.
The Battleship Approach to the Low Resource Entity Matching Problem
Authors: Genossar Bar , Gal Avigdor , Shraga Roee
Published: December 2023

Entity matching, a core data integration problem, is the task of deciding whether two data tuples refer to the same real-world entity. Recent advances in deep learning methods, using pre-trained language models, were proposed for resolving entity matching. Although demonstrating unprecedented results, these solutions suffer from a major drawback as they require large amounts of labeled data for training, and, as such, are inadequate to be applied to low resource entity matching problems. To overcome the challenge of obtaining sufficient labeled data we offer a new active learning approach, focusing on a selection mechanism that exploits unique properties of entity matching. We argue that a distributed representation of a tuple pair indicates its informativeness when considered among other pairs. This is used consequently in our approach that iteratively utilizes space-aware considerations. Bringing it all together, we treat the low resource entity matching problem as a Battleship game, hunting indicative samples, focusing on positive ones, through awareness of the latent space along with careful planning of next sampling iterations. An extensive experimental analysis shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art active learning solutions to low resource entity matching, and although using less samples, can be as successful as state-of-the-art fully trained known algorithms.
Udon: Efficient Debugging of User-Defined Functions in Big Data Systems with Line-by-Line Control
Authors: Huang Yicong , Wang Zuozhi , Li Chen
Published: December 2023

Many big data systems are written in languages such as C, C++, Java, and Scala to process large amounts of data efficiently, while data analysts often use Python to conduct data wrangling, statistical analysis, and machine learning. User-defined functions (UDFs) are commonly used in these systems to bridge the gap between the two ecosystems. In this paper, we propose Udon, a novel debugger to support fine-grained debugging of UDFs. Udon encapsulates the modern line-by-line debugging primitives, such as the ability to set breakpoints, perform code inspections, and make code modifications while executing a UDF on a single tuple. It includes a novel debug-aware UDF execution model to ensure the responsiveness of the operator during debugging. It utilizes advanced state-transfer techniques to satisfy breakpoint conditions that span across multiple UDFs. It incorporates various optimization techniques to reduce the runtime overhead. We conduct experiments with multiple UDF workloads on various datasets and show its high efficiency and scalability.
A Unified Approach for Resilience and Causal Responsibility with Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and LP Relaxations
Authors: Makhija Neha , Gatterbauer Wolfgang
Published: December 2023

What is a minimal set of tuples to delete from a database in order to eliminate all query answers? This problem is called "the resilience of a query" and is one of the key algorithmic problems underlying various forms of reverse data management, such as view maintenance, deletion propagation and causal responsibility. A long-open question is determining the conjunctive queries (CQs) for which resilience can be solved in PTIME.

We shed new light on this problem by proposing a unified Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation. It is unified in that it can solve both previously studied restrictions (e.g., self-join-free CQs under set semantics that allow a PTIME solution) and new cases (all CQs under set or bag semantics). It is also unified in that all queries and all database instances are treated with the same approach, yet the algorithm is guaranteed to terminate in PTIME for all known PTIME cases. In particular, we prove that for all known easy cases, the optimal solution to our ILP is identical to a simpler Linear Programming (LP) relaxation, which implies that standard ILP solvers return the optimal solution to the original ILP in PTIME.

Our approach allows us to explore new variants and obtain new complexity results. 1) It works under bag semantics, for which we give the first dichotomy results in the problem space. 2) We extend our approach to the related problem of causal responsibility and give a more fine-grained analysis of its complexity. 3) We recover easy instances for generally hard queries, including instances with read-once provenance and instances that become easy because of Functional Dependencies in the data. 4) We solve an open conjecture about a unified hardness criterion from PODS 2020 and prove the hardness of several queries of previously unknown complexity. 5) Experiments confirm that our findings accurately predict the asymptotic running times, and that our universal ILP is at times even quicker than a previously proposed dedicated flow algorithm.
Anchor: A Library for Building Secure Persistent Memory Systems
Authors: Stavrakakis Dimitrios , Giantsidi Dimitra , Bailleu Maurice , Sändig Philip , Issa Shady , Bhatotia Pramod
Published: December 2023

Cloud infrastructure is experiencing a shift towards disaggregated setups, especially with the introduction of the Compute Express Link (CXL) technology, where byte-addressable ersistent memory (PM) is becoming prominent. To fully utilize the potential of such devices, it is a necessity to access them through network stacks with equivalently high levels of performance (e.g., kernel-bypass, RDMA). While, these advancements are enabling the development of high-performance data management systems, their deployment on untrusted cloud environments also increases the security threats.

To this end, we present Anchor, a library for building secure PM systems. Anchor provides strong hardware-assisted security properties, while ensuring crash consistency. Anchor exposes APIs for secure data management within the realms of the established PM programming model, targeting byte-addressable storage devices. Anchor leverages trusted execution environments (TEE) and extends their security properties on PM. While TEE's protected memory region provides a strong foundation for building secure systems, the key challenge is that: TEEs are fundamentally incompatible with PM and kernel-bypass networking approaches-in particular, TEEs are neither designed to protect untrusted non-volatile PM, nor the protected region can be accessed via an untrusted DMA connection.

To overcome this challenge, we design a PM engine that ensures strong security properties for the PM data, using confidential and authenticated PM data structures, while preserving crash consistency through a secure logging protocol. We further extend the PM engine to provide remote PM data operations via a secure network stack and a formally verified remote attestation protocol to form an end-to-end system. Our evaluation shows that Anchor incurs reasonable overheads, while providing strong security properties.