bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Algorithms for Configuring Discrete Antenna Tuning Units of High Frequency Band Using a Quick Search Method for the Points’ Geometric Proximity
Authors: Izvolsky A.A.
Published: April 2024

Currently, computational algorithms for discrete power circuits of antenna tuning units (ATU) generate strong interest. At the same time, a large number of publications on this topic are devoted to private empirical algorithms and their implementation on specific hardware platforms, without addressing the issues of finding fundamentally new solutions. The desire to increase the reliability of the description of the transformative properties of discrete ATU power circuits at operating frequencies determined the method of their modeling in the form of matrix structures. Such approaches are rigidly connected with the structural construction of the power circuit and require a large amount of matrix calculations with complex numbers. The article shows that the technique of discrete antenna tuning units of high-frequency band belongs to a knowledge area in which emerging problems can be solved using algorithms of computational geometry and data structures. An easily implemented computational algorithm for configuring the ATU discrete circuit using the quick search method for the geometric proximity of points, devoid of the above disadvantages, is proposed. In computational geometry, the concept of natural neighbors is associated with concepts such as Voronoi decomposition, Delaunay triangulation and various tree-like data structures: KD-tree, quad tree, cover tree, vantage-point tree with a viewpoint and others. The application of these methods is promising for the implementation of computational procedures for setting up discrete ATU. However, their execution on microcontrollers is a rather difficult task that requires a highly qualified programmer. The article discusses an affordable and effective approach using pre-sorting of data and the Inverted List method. This is one of the simplest methods in terms of implementation. It is significantly better than the full search method, although it cannot compete with methods using spatial index structures. The positive effect of using the described algorithms for configuring discrete antenna tuning units of high-frequency band is shown, especially for communication sessions with previously undefined operating frequencies. The effectiveness of quick search methods for geometric proximity of points can be considered proven beyond all dispute.
Drought tolerance improvement for grain yield of a modern rice variety based on morphological and physiological response
Authors: Salomi Rajendiran , Vignesh Palani , Bharathkumar Srinivasan
Published: April 2024

Growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is severely affected by drought stress, which leads to decreased rice production in rainfed ecosystems worldwide. Particularly, modern rice varieties are more susceptible to drought stress rather than traditional rice varieties. In the present study, a modern short-term rice variety, ADT37, abundantly cultivated in the Cauvery delta region of the southern part of India, was improved for grain yield by introducing qDTY1.1 through the conventional backcross method. Positive F1 progenies were identified using RM431 linked with qDTY1.1 in PCR amplification. In phenotypic selection, rice progenies with suitable plant height to avoid linkage drag as well as high degree of drought tolerance to manage the drought stress were selected and advanced through the backcrossing process up to the BC3 generation. Finally, two near isogenic lines with equal plant height to the recurrent parent and high degree of drought tolerance were selected. A positive effect of qDTY1.1 on plant height and fertile seeds was revealed. In the future, the selected superior near isogenic lines would be useful to rice researchers and farmers facing unexpected water crises. Moreover, the morphological marker associated with the performance of crops according to the intensity of stress will support climate resilient agriculture.
Current Problems of International Legal Copyright Protection
Authors: Shvarts L. V. , Burova S. M.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the level of international copyright protection from the perspective of such aspects as the urgent nature of copyright protection and the possibility of applying the institution of compulsory license. To this end, the norms aimed at protecting copyright holders in the Russian Federation, the CIS, the European Union and other foreign countries, in particular, in the USA, are analyzed. The most important international conventions in the field of copyright and related rights protection are reflected. The legal basis of the activity of courts in cross-border copyright relations is shown. The actual problems of private international law on the improvement of substantive and conflictof- laws legal regulation in this area are identified. The analysis suggests that the establishment of common criteria for calculating the term of copyright protection in a single unified act is due to the need to combine private and public interests in using the results of intellectual activity and their exceptional importance for the globalization of the world economic and cultural space. Arguments about the possible introduction of compulsory licenses for copyrighted products of foreign companies, by analogy with those already provided for in Article 1362 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation for objects of patent law, lead the authors to the conclusion that the mechanism of compulsory license should not take a permanent place in the regulation of intellectual property, since it will not significantly help in reducing economic risks and losses.
MECHANISTIC BASIS OF CYTOTOXIC ACTION OF GARCINIA CELEBICA ETHEREAL OILS IN CULTURED BREAST CELLS
Authors: Nik Mohamed Kamal Nik Nur Syazni , Taha Yasir Alkanan Alaa , Muhamad Musthahimah , Abdul Samad Nozlena , Wen-Nee Tan
Published: April 2024

Garcinia celebica (G. celebica), an aromatic plant which is domestically planted for fruits and ornamental purposes, is exceptionally rich in important phytochemicals that may contribute to its medicinal properties. The mechanistic basis of cytotoxic action of G. celebica essential oil (EO-GC) in MCF-7, MCF-7/TAMR-1, and MCF-10A cell cultures was explored in this study. The study findings showed that the EO-GC potently inhibited the proliferation of the MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR-1 cells by 50% at 37.5 µg/mL and 18.8 µg/mL concentrations, respectively. In contrast, a higher concentration (77.5 µg/mL) of the essential oil was needed to inhibit the MCF-10A cells. These findings demonstrated that the EO-GC possesses selective cytotoxic effects by two-fold and four-fold towards the MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR-1 cells, respectively, than the MCF-10A cells. Flow cytometric analysis has proven that the EO-GC can effectively induce apoptotic cell death in the cultured MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR-1 cells, while having minimal effect on the MCF-10A cells. Therefore, these preliminary findings may add novel scientific data related to the potential therapeutic efficacy of the ethereal oil derived from G. celebica leaves.
Identification of novel potential predisposing variants in familial acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ronchini Chiara , Gigli Federica , Fontanini Martina , Furgi Raffaella , Amato Viviana , Giglio Fabio , Gregato Giuliana , Bertolini Francesco , Rondoni Michela , Lanza Francesco , Billio Atto , Derenzini Enrico , Tarella Corrado , Pelicci P. G. , Alcalay Myriam , Todisco Elisabetta
Published: April 2024

Myeloid neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia, have been
traditionally among the less investigated cancer types concerning
germline predisposition. Indeed, myeloid neoplasms with germline
predisposition are challenging to identify because often display similar
clinical and morphological characteristics of sporadic cases and have
similar age at diagnosis. However, a misidentification of familiarity in
myeloid neoplasms have a critical impact on clinical management both for
the carriers and their relatives. We performed a thorough genomic
analysis using a large custom gene panel, the Myelo-Panel, targeted on
cancer predisposing genes. In particular, we assessed both germline and
somatic variants in 4 families, each with two siblings, who developed
hematological neoplasms: 7 acute myeloid leukemia and 1
Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. In each family, we
identified at least one novel potentially predisposing variant,
affecting also genes not included in the current European LeukemiaNet
guidelines for AML management. Moreover, we suggest reclassification of
2 germline variants as pathogenic: likely pathogenic p.S21Tfs*139 in
CEPBA and VUS p.K392Afs*66 in DDX41. Our data underline
how familiar predisposition to hematological neoplasms is currently
underestimated and call for revision of clinical practices that should
include thorough reconstruction of family history and genetic testing
with gene panels targeted for cancer predisposing genes.
Boesenbergia kalakadensis (Zingiberaceae), a new species from southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: T.S. Saravanan , S KALIAMOORTHY
Published: April 2024

Boesenbergia kalakadensis (Zingiberaceae), a new species, from the
Kalakad region of Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), in the
Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu, India is described and illustrated
here by including the information on its distribution, habitat,
phenology, ecology and conservation status.
Soil Moisture Memory: State-of-the-art and the way forward
Authors: Rahmati Mehdi , Amelung Wulf , Brogi Cosimo , Dari Jacopo , Flammini Alessia , Bogena Heye , Brocca Luca , Chen Hao , Groh Jannis , Koster Randal D. , McColl Kaighin A , Carsten Montzka , Moradi Shirin , Rahi Arash , S. Farnaz Sharghi , Vanderborght Jan , Vereecken Harry
Published: April 2024

Here, we review in depth how soils can remember moisture anomalies
across spatial and temporal scales, embedded in the concept of soil
moisture memory (SMM), and we explain the mechanisms and factors that
initiate and control SMM. Specifically, we explore external and internal
drivers that affect SMM, including extremes, atmospheric variables,
anthropogenic activities, soil and vegetation properties, soil
hydrologic processes, and groundwater dynamics. We analyze how SMM
considerations should affect sampling frequency and data source
collection. We discuss the impact of SMM on weather variability, land
surface energy balance, extreme events (drought, wildfire, and flood),
water use efficiency, and biogeochemical cycles. We also discuss the
effects of SMM on various land surface processes, focusing on the
coupling between soil moisture, water and energy balance, vegetation
dynamics, and feedback on the atmosphere. We address the spatiotemporal
variability of SMM and how it is affected by seasonal variation,
location, and soil depth. Regarding the representation and integration
of SMM in land surface models, we provide insights on how to improve
predictions and parameterizations in LSMs and address model complexity
issues. The possible use of satellite observations for identifying and
quantifying SMM is also explored, emphasizing the need for greater
temporal frequency, spatial resolution, and coverage of measurements. We
provide guidance for further research and practical applications by
providing a comprehensive definition of SMM, considering its
multifaceted perspective.
Exploring diel vertical migration and spatiotemporal variation of zooplankton backscattering strength using an acoustic Doppler current profiler instrument in the Halmahera Sea, Indonesia
Authors: Maharani Gabriella , Pujiyati Sri , Solikin Steven , Jaya Indra , Adrianto Dian , Mulyadi Dikdik , Dwinovantyo Angga
Published: April 2024

Given its critical role in marine ecosystems, this study comprehensively examined zooplankton distribution and behavior in the Halmahera Sea. The temporal and spatial dynamics of zooplankton acoustic backscatter values were analyzed using a 153.6 kHz vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). Analysis was supplemented by biological sampling with a bongo plankton net. Further evaluation included the analysis of oceanographic and bathymetric data. The acoustic, oceanographic, and biological sampling data were obtained from the Jala Citra I ?Aurora? survey expedition in 2021, while the bathymetry data were obtained from the General Bathymetric Charts of the Ocean (GEBCO). The raw ADCP data, represented as digital counts, were transformed into mean volume backscattering strength (MVBS) expressed in decibels (dB) using sonar equations to yield a measure proportional to zooplankton biomass. Temporal observations revealed a diel vertical migration (DVM) pattern in zooplankton aggregation, characterized by movements responding to the daily solar cycle. Spatial observations indicated a higher zooplankton density in semi-enclosed waters than in open water. The high values of acoustic backscatter are not attributed to a single species of zooplankton. Biological sampling identified that Oncaea spp. and Oithona spp., a species from the Cyclopoida order, exhibit the highest abundance. The study concludes that the ADCP, based on acoustic backscatter measurements and data sampling, is an effective tool for detecting the presence and behavior of zooplankton.
Tracheostomy in infants: Indications and outcomes
Authors: Sovtic Aleksandar , Gojsina Bojana , Baljosevic Ivan , Popovic Stefan
Published: April 2024

Background/Aim. Laparoscopic ventral hernia surgery, including intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM), is as effective and safe as open surgery, with a lower recurrence rate. Some surgeons advocate laparoscopic primary fascial closure (PFC) with intraperitoneal mesh placement to reduce recurrence rates. The aim of this study was to compare the treatment outcome between two laparoscopic techniques: the PFC technique and mesh placement without suture closure (IPOM technique) for defects under 4 cm in patients with ventral hernias. Methods. The study sample was comprised of 50 patients who underwent laparoscopic ventral hernia surgery from January 1, 2018, until December 31, 2020. Half of the patients underwent only the IPOM technique (group of patients without the suture), while in others, this was preceded by the closure of the hernial ring (group of patients with the suture). All hernias were midline and all defects were under 4 cm. The studied groups were homogeneous according to gender and age. Comorbidities, complications, and postoperative comfort were monitored. Results. The most common (76%) hernias were primary, and the most common comorbidity was arterial hypertension (28%). One (2%) patient had intraoperative bleeding, and the most common postoperative complication was pain in 7 (14%) patients. After a three-year follow-up, there were 10 (20%) patients with com-plications ? one hernia recurred, while 9 (18%) patients died. There was no difference in the types of occurrence of hernias, comorbidities, and intraoperative complications. The distribution of postoperative complications differed significantly (p = 0.007) between the groups. Pain was statistically significantly more prevalent in patients with sutures. During the first three months post-operatively, significantly more patients with sutures had chronic pain (?2 = 8.140; p = 0.004). Conclusion. We recommend the application of the PFC technique in selected ventral hernia repair cases, although it can lead to more frequent postoperative pain (which, fortunately, is easily treated).
An Examination of Management Tone in the MD&A in the Context of Fraud Pentagon
Authors: Rezaee Zabihollah , Pouryousof Azam , Soleimani Abolfazl
Published: April 2024

We examine the association between management tone in management discussion and analysis (MD&A) and five elements of the fraud pentagon model of incentives, opportunity, rationalization, capability, and arrogance. Management tone is measured using a biased tone, and several proxies for fraud are constructed. Using a sample of 586 public companies listed on the Teheran Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2022, we find (1) auditor’s opinion, current ratio, capital expenditure, earnings management, and tax evasion as proxies for fraud incentives; (2) internal control weakness as a proxy for fraud opportunity; (3) CEO tenure and ability as proxies for fraud capability; (4) competition in the product market, industry tax evasion, and lack of political communication as proxies for fraud rationalization; and (5) narcissism and overconfidence as proxies for fraud arrogance are associated with management abnormal tone. We contribute to literature by examining relationships between fraud elements and the abnormal tone in MD&A.

Data Availability: Data used in this paper are available from the public sources identified in the text and upon request from authors.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M48.
Effects of Shareholdings on the Relationship between Accounting Quality and Trade Credit: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Enomoto Masahiro
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the effects of cross- and stable shareholdings on the relationship between accounting quality and trade credit in Japan. Cross- and stable shareholdings are well-known features of Japanese corporate governance, as a private information-sharing system. The results indicate that the trade credit of customers without either cross- or stable shareholdings increases with accounting quality, and in most cases, such shareholdings weaken the relationship between accounting quality and trade credit. These findings suggest that close ties to cross- and stable shareholders reduce the importance of accounting information through sharing private information. The findings will enhance the understanding of ownership structure’s potential impact. Overall, this study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the role of accounting quality in financing and the factors that reduce this role. In addition, this study highlights policy implications for the regulatory initiatives to unwind cross-shareholdings, which may affect private information sharing.

Data Availability: Data are available from sources indicated in the text.

JEL Classifications: G34; M41.
Effect of 5:2 Regimens: Energy-Restricted Diet or Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training Combined With Resistance Exercise on Glycemic Control and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Overweight/Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Mian , Li Jie , Xu Yu , Gao Jinli , Cao Qiuyu , Ding Yi , Xin Zhuojun , Lu Ming , Li Xiaoting , Song Haihong , Shen Jue , Hou Tianzhichao , He Ruixin , Li Ling , Zhao Zhiyun , Xu Min , Lu Jieli , Wang Tiange , Wang Shuangyuan , Lin Hong , Zheng Ruizhi , Zheng Jie , Baker Callum John , Lai Shenghan , Johnson Nathan Anthony , Ning Guang , Twigg Stephen Morris , Wang Weiqing , Liu Yan , Bi Yufang
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to examine the effects of a 5:2 diet (2 days per week of energy restriction by formula diet) or an exercise (2 days per week of high-intensity interval training and resistance training) intervention compared with routine lifestyle education (control) on glycemic control and cardiometabolic health among adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This two-center, open-label, three-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial recruited 326 participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes and randomized them into 12 weeks of diet intervention (n = 109), exercise intervention (n = 108), or lifestyle education (control) (n = 109). The primary outcome was the change of glycemic control measured as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between the diet or exercise intervention groups and the control group after the 12-week intervention.

RESULTS

The diet intervention significantly reduced HbA1c level (%) after the 12-week intervention (−0.72, 95% CI −0.95 to −0.48) compared with the control group (−0.37, 95% CI −0.60 to −0.15) (diet vs. control −0.34, 95% CI −0.58 to −0.11, P = 0.007). The reduction in HbA1c level in the exercise intervention group (−0.46, 95% CI −0.70 to −0.23) did not significantly differ from the control group (exercise vs. control −0.09, 95% CI −0.32 to 0.15, P = 0.47). The exercise intervention group was superior in maintaining lean body mass. Both diet and exercise interventions induced improvements in adiposity and hepatic steatosis.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that the medically supervised 5:2 energy-restricted diet could provide an alternative strategy for improving glycemic control and that the exercise regimen could improve body composition, although it inadequately improved glycemic control.
In-office Bleaching Activated With Violet LED: Effect on Pulpal and Tooth Temperature and Pulp Viability
Authors: Carlos NR , Basting RT , Kantovitz KR , Bronze-Uhle ES , Lisboa Filho PN , Cavalli V , Basting RT
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

This study evaluated the influence of hydrogen peroxide (HP) with or without titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2) associated with violet LED (VL) regarding: a) the temperature change in the pulp chamber and facial surface; b) the decomposition of HP; and c) the cytotoxicity of the gels on pulp cells.

Methods and Materials:

The experimental groups were: HP35 (35% HP/Whiteness HP, FGM); HP35+VL; HP35T (HP35+TiO2); HP35T+VL; HP7 (7.5% HP/White Class 7.5%, FGM); HP7+VL; HP7T (HP7+TiO2); and HP7T+VL. TiO2 was incorporated into the bleaching gels at 1%. Eighty bovine incisors were evaluated to determine temperature change in 8 experimental groups (n=10/group). A k-type thermocouple was used to evaluate the temperatures of the facial surface and in the pulp chamber, achieved by enabling endodontic access to the palatal surface, throughout the 30-minute session. HP decomposition (n=3) of gels was evaluated by using an automatic potentiometric titrator at the initial and 30-minute time points. Trans-enamel and trans-dentinal cell viability were assessed with a pulp chamber device as well as enamel and dentin discs (n=6), and the treatment extracts (culture medium + diffused components) were collected and applied to MDPC-23 odontoblast cells to evaluate cell viability according to the MTT test.

Results:

A temperature increase in the pulp chamber was observed in the presence of VL at 30 minutes (p<0.05) (Mann-Whitney test). Also at 30 minutes, HP35 showed greater decomposition in the presence of VL rather than in its absence (p<0.05) (mixed linear models and the Tukey-Kramer test). HP7 provided greater cell viability than the groups treated with HP35 (p<0.05) (generalized linear models test). Cell viability was significantly lower for HP7 in the presence of VL (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Pulpal temperature increased with VL (maximum of 1.9°C), but did not exceed the critical limit to cause pulp damage. Less concentrated HP resulted in higher cell viability, even when associated with VL.
Filler Mixed Into Adhesives Does Not Necessarily Improve Their Mechanical Properties
Authors: Tang C , Mercelis B , Zhang F , Mocquot C , Nakanishi K , Yoshihara K , Peumans M , Van Meerbeek B
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

To investigate the influence of filler type/loading on the micro-tensile fracture strength (μTFS) of adhesive resins, as measured ‘immediately’ upon preparation and after 1-week water storage (‘water-stored’).

Methods:

The morphology and particle-size distribution of three filler particles, referred to as ‘Glass-S’ (Esschem Europe), ‘BioUnion’ (GC), and ‘CPC_Mont’, were correlatively characterized by SEM, TEM, and particle-size analysis. These filler particles were incorporated into an unfilled adhesive resin (‘BZF-29unfilled’, GC) in different concentrations to measure the ‘immediate’ μTFS. After 1-week water storage, the ‘water-stored’ μTFS of the experimental particle-filled adhesive resins with the most optimum filler loading, specific for each filler type, was measured. In addition, the immediate and water-stored μTFS of the adhesive resins of three experimental two-step universal adhesives based on the same resin matrix but varying for filler type/loading, coded as ‘BZF-21’ (containing silica and bioglass), ‘BZF-29’ (containing solely silica), and ‘BZF-29_hv’ (highly viscous with a higher silica loading than BZF-29), and of the adhesive resins of the gold-standard adhesives OptiBond FL (‘Opti-FL’, Kerr) and Clearfil SE Bond 2 (‘C-SE2’, Kuraray Noritake) was measured along with that of BZF-29unfilled (GC) serving as control/reference. Statistics involved one-way and two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc multiple comparisons (α<0.05).

Results:

Glass-S, BioUnion, and CPC_Mont represent irregular fillers with an average particle size of 8.5-9.9 μm. Adding filler to BZF-29unfilled decreased μTFS regardless of filler type/loading. One-week water storage reduced μTFS of all adhesive resins except BZF-21, with the largest reduction in μTFS recorded for BZF-29unfilled. Among the three filler types, the μTFS of the 30 wt% Glass-S and 20 wt% BioUnion filled adhesive resin was not significantly different from the μTFS of BZF-29unfilled upon water storage.

Conclusions:

Adding filler particles into adhesive resin did not enhance its micro-tensile fracture strength but appeared to render it less sensitive to water storage as compared to the unfilled adhesive resin investigated.
Effect of Various Toothpaste Tablets on Gloss and Surface Roughness of Resin-based Composite Materials
Authors: Ko J , Tsao A , Kim R , Perry C , Oyoyo U , Kwon SR
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of various toothpaste tablets on gloss and surface roughness of resin-based composite.

Methods and Materials:

Sixty-four resin-based composite specimens were divided into four groups of 16 specimens each. Gloss and roughness were measured before and after simulated brushing with three types of toothpaste tablets and one conventional toothpaste: CT: Chewtab Toothpaste Tablets; AT: Anticavity Toothpaste Tablets; HC: Charcoal Toothpaste Tablets; CP: Cavity Protection toothpaste. The Kruskal-– Wallis procedure was performed to compare the differences by groups. Post-hoc comparisons were conducted with Bonferroni corrections (α=0.05).

Results:

There was a significant drop in gloss for all groups. CT and AT maintained the highest gloss with means of 81.6 GU and 74.1 GU, respectively. The lowest gloss of 24.5 GU was observed for HC. There was a significant increase in roughness for all groups except for CT. CT had the lowest roughness with a mean of 0.034 μm, while HC had the highest roughness with a mean of 0.074 μm. There was a significant correlation between post-brushing gloss and post-brushing roughness (p<0.001, r=-0.884).

Conclusion:

Chewtab Toothpaste Tablets had the least effect on gloss and roughness, while Charcoal Toothpaste Tablets had the most negative effect on the surface properties of resin-based composites.
Simulated Hydrostatic Pulpal Pressure Effect on Microleakage—An Initial Study
Authors: Wyatt TD , Roberts HW
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

This study's purpose was to evaluate the effect of simulated in vitro hydrostatic pulpal pressure (HPP) on microleakage.

Methods and Materials:

Extracted third molars (n=12) were sectioned 5 mm below the cementoenamel junction, pulp tissue removed, and the sectioned crowns mounted on a Plexiglas plate penetrated by an 18-gauge stainless steel tube. The mounted specimen mesial surface received a 2×4×6 mm Class V preparation followed by restoration with a strongly acidic, one-step dental adhesive and a flowable microfilled resin, following all manufacturers’ instructions. Restorations were finished to contour, and tubing was attached to a 20-cm elevated, 0.2% rhodamine G reservoir to the specimen steel tube for 48 hours. Specimens then received a nail polish coating to within 1 mm of the restoration margins and were placed in 2% methylene blue (MB) dye for 24 hours, followed by rinsing, embedding in epoxy resin, and sectioning into 1 mm slices using a diamond saw. Controls were intact molars (n=12) processed as above but without HPP. Specimen slices were evaluated using laser confocal microscopy with images exported to ImageJ software with microleakage assessed as the MB linear penetration as a percentage of the total interfacial wall length. Mean values were evaluated with the Kruskal Wallis/Dunn test at a 95% confidence level.

Results:

The control specimens demonstrated significantly greater (p<0.0001) MB penetration than experimental specimens with simulated HPP. Under this study's conditions, simulated HPP significantly decreased MB dye penetration.

Conclusion:

Studies accomplished without simulated HPP may overestimate microleakage results.
Percepción de la evaluación de la formación profesional integral: una mirada desde la inteligencia emocional
Authors: Valencia-González Maritza , Solís-Molina Miguel , Horta-González Yuli
Published: April 2024

El objetivo del estudio es determinar la percepción acerca de la evaluación de la formación profesional, desde la perspectiva de los aprendices que se encuentran en etapa lectiva, de programas de tecnólogos y técnicos del Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA), Centro Nacional de Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (ASTIN). Para ello, a partir de una muestra de 24 fichas o cohortes de los programas, en la que participaron 210 aprendices, se llevó a cabo un estudio exploratorio utilizando mapas de empatía para recoger la información y estadística descriptiva e inferencial para analizar los resultados. A partir del análisis de contenido de la información obtenida se generaron categorías de variables dependientes e independientes, las cuales se analizaron mediante una matriz de correlaciones. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la inteligencia emocional juega un papel determinante en los procesos de evaluación de la formación profesional, debido a su relación con el desempeño académico. Las implicaciones para la comunidad educativa están relacionadas con generar entornos donde se lleve a cabo una adecuada gestión de las emociones. La importancia del estudio radica en señalar que los aspectos emocionales pueden contribuir con un mayor aprendizaje en el contexto educativo de tecnólogos y técnicos de formación profesional.
Children Under Two As Co-constructors of Their Transition From Home Care to Early Childhood Education and Care
Authors: Lucas Revilla Yaiza , Rutanen Niina , Sevón Eija , Raittila Raija
Published: April 2024

Only by observing and listening to children can we learn about their unique ways of understanding the world. This study explored the ways in which children under the age of two contributed to co-constructing their own transition process to an early childhood education and care (ECEC) setting and how their contributions were constructed by the space. Video-recorded arrivals of four children under two during their first months in ECEC were scrutinized following the principles of interaction analysis, supported by socio-spatial theory. The recordings were made on seven observation days over seven months. The results show that young children contribute to co-constructing their transition arrivals by creatively drawing on the opportunities available in the ECEC space during the transition period and by creating new ones. The results also illuminate how the space mediates children’s contributions.
”Nämen vadå, det är ju så här vi lever alltid”: föräldrar till barn med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar berättar om fritiden under covid-19-pandemin
Authors: Lindgren Cecilia , Zetterqvist Nelson Karin
Published: April 2024

Den här artikeln bygger på intervjuer med föräldrar till barn i åldern 7–12 år med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar (NPF) och visar hur covid-19-pandemin påverkade fritiden för barnen och deras familjer. Genom ett fokus på de exceptionella förhållanden som rådde under denna period belyser och problematiserar den också fritidens villkor mer generellt. Pandemin sätter de utmaningar familjerna möter i blixtbelysning och åskådliggör en intressant paradox: å ena sidan är de mer beroende än andra av att stöd kan upprätthållas, å andra sidan är de mindre beroende av att offentligt organiserad fritid fungerar. Studien visar att detta hänger samman med hur barn med NPF och deras behov möts under normala omständigheter, då funktionsnormativa (eng. ableist) förväntningar ifråga om socialt samspel, ordning och anpassning sätter gränser för barnens och familjernas aktiviteter. Resultaten pekar på hur det gör barnen beroende av föräldrars närvaro och minskar deras möjligheter att delta i samhället på sina egna villkor, något som kan motverkas genom kunskap, förståelse och stöd.
English abstract
“Well, This is How We Always Live”: Parents of Children With Neuropsychiatric Disabilities Talk About Leisure Activities During the Covid-19 Pandemic
This article draws on interviews with parents of children aged 7–12 years with so called neuropsychiatric disabilities (NPF) and demonstrates how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted on the leisure time of the children and their families. By focusing on the exceptional circumstances of this period, it also highlights and raises questions about the broader conditions related to leisure. The pandemic brings the challenges faced by these families into sharp focus and reveals an intriguing paradox: On the one hand, they are more dependent than others on maintaining support, while on the other hand, they are less reliant on publicly organized leisure activities. The study indicates that this is linked to how children with NPF and their needs are addressed under normal circumstances, where ableist norms impose limits on the activities of the children and their families. The results emphasize how this leads to children becoming reliant on parental presence, thereby reducing their ability to engage in society on their own terms. However, this situation can be mitigated through knowledge, understanding, and support.
Smittevern og biopolitikk i barnehagens hverdagsliv
Authors: Greve Anne , Skundberg Øystein , Østrem Solveig
Published: April 2024

Artikkelen omhandler barnehagens hverdagsliv under covid-19-pandemien. Oppmerksomheten rettes mot hvordan barna ble berørt av de nasjonale smitteverntiltakene barnehagene ble pålagt. Det empiriske materialet som ligger til grunn for artikkelen, er dagboknotater fra barnehageansatte nedtegnet i april, mai og juni 2020. I diskusjonen av de empiriske funnene trekker vi veksler på Foucaults teori om biopolitikk, der hygiene betraktes som verktøy for sosial kontroll, og Nadesans forståelse av biopolitikk-begrepet, der barndom og oppvekst vies spesiell oppmerksomhet. Smitteverntiltakene i barnehagene ble innført «ovenfra», men måtte forvaltes og praktiseres «nedenfra». Resultatene viser at tiltakene både var disiplinerende (fjerning av leker, forbud mot å leke med bestemte andre) og selvdisiplinerende (barna ble opplært til å passe på egen og andres håndvask). Vi ser også hvordan en institusjon som er regulert i tid og rom, under pandemien i enda større grad ble regulert gjennom krav om «redusert kontakthyppighet» og segregering av barnegruppene. Tiltak som var motivert ut fra helse og sikkerhet for alle landets innbyggere, satte preg på barns hverdagsliv både gjennom konkrete begrensninger og ved at de måtte forholde seg til ekstraordinære hygienekrav og frykt for smitte.
English abstract
Infection Control, Biopolitics and Early Childhood Education and Care. How Children Were Directly Affected by Infection Prevention Measures in Kindergartens During Spring 2020
The article concerns everyday life in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Attention is focused on how children were affected by the infection control measures that kindergartens were required to implement. The empirical data that forms the basis of the article are diary notes from kindergarten staff recorded in April, May, and June 2020. In the discussion of the empirical findings, we draw on Foucault’s theory of biopolitics, where hygiene is considered as a tool for social control. The infection control measures in the kindergartens were introduced “from above”, but had to be managed and practiced “from below”. The measures were both about discipline (removal of toys, restrictions on allowed playmates) and dissemination of knowledge and self-discipline (the children were taught to take responsibility for their own hand-washing, as well as that of the other children). We also consider how an institution regulated in time and space was regulated to an even greater extent during the pandemic through requirements for reduced frequency of contact and segregation of smaller groups of children. Measures motivated by the protection of public health and safety affected children’s everyday lives, both through specific restrictions and due to the fact that they had to deal with extraordinary hygiene requirements and fear of infection.
Håndtering af kontroversielle emner i skole og dagtilbud. Erfaringer fra et efterkrigssamfund
Authors: Gundersen Selma Bukovica
Published: April 2024

Børn og unges hverdagsliv påvirkes i stigende grad af globale udfordringer og kriser, såsom klimaforandringer, racisme, krig og indvandring. Samtidig er lærere og pædagoger ofte usikre i forhold til og uforberedte på at håndtere disse følsomme emner og forsøger derfor at undgå dem. Denne artikel er baseret på kvalitative undersøgelser af børns hverdagsliv i et efterkrigssamfund – i politisk og etnisk splittede Bosnien-Hercegovina. På baggrund af elevernes fortællinger om krigen 1992–1995 sætter artiklen fokus på lærernes og pædagogernes rolle i håndtering af kontroversielle emner og bidrager med empirisk viden og indsigt, der er relevant for børns hverdagsliv i en nordisk kontekst. Formålet er at øge opmærksomheden på, hvilke konsekvenser for børn og unge der er forbundet med læringsog pædagogiske miljøer, hvor muligheden for at indgå i dialog om kontroversielle emner begrænses. Konkret viser artiklen, at når lærere og pædagoger undgår kontroversielle emner, er der risiko for, at børn overlades alene med deres bekymringer og med unuancerede forståelser af kontroversielle emner, hvilket kan forværre konflikter og fremme splittelse og polarisering. Artiklen peger på et behov for yderligere fokus på håndtering af kontroversielle emner i skole og dagtilbud og bedre forberedelse af lærere og pædagoger til denne vigtige, men udfordrende opgave.
English abstract
Dealing With Controversial Issues in Education. Experiences From a Post-War Society
Climate change, racism, war, migration, and other global challenges and crises increasingly affect children’s everyday lives. However, many teachers often feel challenged by and unprepared for dealing with these topics and therefore tend to avoid them. This article is based on qualitative studies of children’s everyday lives in a post-war society – politically and ethnically divided Bosnia-Herzegovina. Based on pupils’ narratives about the war from 1992–1995, the article focuses on the role of teachers and educators in dealing with controversial topics and contributes with empirical knowledge and insights that are also relevant to children’s everyday lives in a Nordic context. The purpose is to increase awareness of the consequences for children and youth associated with learning and pedagogical environments where the opportunity to engage in dialogue about controversial topics is limited. The article shows that when teachers and educators avoid controversial topics there is a risk that children are left alone with their concerns and with unnuanced understandings of these topics that can deepen conflicts, and promote division and polarization. The article points to a need for further focus on dealing with controversial topics in schools and kindergartens, and better preparation of teachers and educators for this important but challenging task.
Quantity and Quality of Sleep among Medical and Paramedical Students: A Comprehensive Study and Analysis
Authors: Wani Pinaki
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining cognitive function and overall well-being, particularly among medical and paramedical students who face unique stressors impacting their sleep patterns and academic performance. Understanding the sleep quality of these students is essential for addressing potential issues and promoting their overall health and academic success. Aim: This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the sleep quality of undergraduate medical and physiotherapy students from an urban tertiary health care center using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Methodology: A total of 294 students participated in the study, including 226 MBBS and 68 Physiotherapy students, all of whom were females. The PSQI was utilized to assess various components of sleep quality among the participants. Data analysis involved examining sleep latency, duration, efficiency, disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and overall sleep quality. Comparative studies worldwide were also referenced to contextualize the findings. Results: The study revealed that 31.3% of participants experienced poor sleep quality, with 34.51% of MBBS and 21% of Physiotherapy students exhibiting significant sleep disturbances. Gender-wise, 30 male MBBS students, 48 female MBBS students, and 14 female physiotherapy students experienced poor sleep quality. Analysis of PSQI components highlighted varying sleep patterns among students, emphasizing challenges such as sleep latency, duration, efficiency, disturbances, and daytime dysfunction. Comparative studies conducted worldwide supported the high prevalence rates of poor sleep quality among medical students. Contributing factors identified included academic stress, disrupted learning styles, and increased exam pressures. Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical need for interventions to address sleep quality issues among medical and paramedical students, with the goal of enhancing their well-being and academic performance. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors influencing sleep quality in this demographic, paving the way for more targeted interventions and support systems. Recognizing the significance of sleep quality in student populations is paramount for fostering their holistic development and success in academic pursuits.
Histopathological Examination Findings in Ligature Mark in Post-Mortem Cases of Asphyxial Deaths: A Prospective Study
Authors: Khanna Kunal , Jakhar Jitender Kumar , Dagar Tarun , Titiksha  , Gill Dr. Meenu , Pal Vijay , Yadav Gajender
Published: April 2024

Background: Hanging and ligature strangulation are violent forms of asphyxia deaths. Forensic histopathology of these cases, a microscopic analysis of various changes at cellular or tissue level helps to find out the cause of death including solving a crime mystery. Aim & objectives: To differentiate between the cases of hanging and ligature strangulation by histo-pathological examination of skin and subcutaneous tissues of ligature mark. To differentiate between ante-mortem and post-mortem hanging by studying the histo-morphological features of ligature mark. Material & methods: Skin and subcutaneous tissues of ligature mark in 64 post-mortem cases brought for autopsy with alleged history of hanging and ligature strangulation are studied in a tertiary care centre of Haryana. 60 cases were of hanging while 04 were of ligature strangulation. Results: Out of 60 cases of hanging, compression was present in 59 (98%) cases, breaking in 58 (96%) cases, wrinkling in 55 (92%) cases, and all three were present in 53 (88%) cases. All three features were also present in 04 (100%) cases of strangulation. And out of 60 cases of hanging, congestion was present in 51 (85%) cases, infiltration in 38 (63%) cases, haemorrhage in 34 (57%) cases and all three were present in 25 (41%) cases. All three features were also present in 04 (100%) cases of strangulation. Conclusion: The present study emphasizes the implementation of histopathological examination of skin in all the cases of asphyxial death where compression of neck took place, as a routine procedure. It concludes that a detailed evaluation of the gross and histopathological findings of the neck structures, if undertaken as a routine would be more conclusive in establishing the cause and manner of death to aid the administration of justice.
An Insight of Basal Cell Carcinoma Risk Factors
Authors: Almutairi Rawan , Albazzali Abeer
Published: April 2024

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), a type of non-melanoma skin cancer, is the most common cancer worldwide that originates within the outermost layer of skin, the epidermis. Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun considered the main cause of this disease. Many risk factors increase the chance of developing BCC including environmental, lifestyle, and genetic risk factors. These factors range from exposure to UV radiation, occupational hazards, chemical exposures, family history of BCC, genetic mutations, inherited skin conditions, sun exposure and tanning habits, smoking and tobacco use, to weakened immune system. Once the risk factors are understood, preventive steps such as mitigating sun exposure and avoiding harmful chemicals can be taken to significantly reduce the likelihood of developing the cancer. By identifying the people who are most likely to get the cancer and providing the necessary preventive options, such as regular check-ups and lifestyle advice, the burden of BCC can potentially be decreased.
KARAKTER DAN PRODUKSI TIGA AKSESI TALAS DENGAN PENAMBAHAN DOSIS BAHAN ORGANIK
Authors: Diaguna Ridwan , Santosa Edi , Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas , Wiendi Ni Made Armini , Sopandie Didy , Sobir Sobir
Published: April 2024

Perubahan iklim dan keberlanjutan merupakan tantangan besar dalam produksi pangan, yang didominasi sumber pangan biji-bijian yang rentan terhadap perubahan iklim. Sumber karbohidrat umbi dianggap lebih tahan dan mudah beradaptasi dengan tantangan tersebut. Talas merupakan salah satu potensi besar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dengan nilai gizi yang tinggi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan dosis bahan organik terhadap karakter morfologi talas, dan hubungan karakter morfologi dan umbi yang dihasilkan, serta menentukan dosis yang tepat untuk budidaya talas di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktor tunggal yaitu dosis bahan organik, dengan lima ulangan. Dosis bahan organik terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu 0,25 kg tanaman-1, 0,5 kg tanaman-1, 0,75 kg tanaman-1, dan 1 kg tanaman-1. Bahan organik (BO) meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif, umbi atribut dan produksi bibit. BO meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif kuantitatif. Dosis sekitar 0,5 - 1 kg lubang-1 diidentifikasi sebagai dosis yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan vegetatif, umbi atribut dan produksi bibit talas. Ada korelasi positif antara pertumbuhan vegetatif, atribut umbi dan produksi bibit. Tinggi tanaman, ukuran daun, dan diameter batang sangat penting untuk menentukan perkembangan umbi, dan selanjutnya menyebabkan tingginya produksi bibit.