bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of Computer Network Virtual Experiment Education Teaching Platform Based on Mathematical Image and Signal Processing
Authors: Sun Haoyue , Hao Juan , Yang Yang , Yin Xinxin
Published: June 2022

Computer network, as the basic course of teaching information majors in colleges and universities, in the process of teaching and learning, shows the characteristics of rich content, abstract theory, and difficulty understanding. This requires us not only to pay attention to theoretical teaching but also to pay attention to experimental teaching in the study of this subject. The current computer network experiment teaching mainly takes the form of computer room as the teaching location, which consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. That computer network experiment teaching based on simulation has lost the practical significance of network teaching. Through the analysis of the characteristics of the experimental teaching of computer network courses, this study studies and designs a set of computer network experimental platforms based on virtualization, aiming at the deficiencies in the existing experimental teaching of computer network courses. When the thread pool is 1, 2, 3, and 4, the average response time of the system is 324873 ms, 279309 ms, 227300 ms, and 221670 ms, respectively.
Graphic Language Representation in Visual Communication Design Based on Two-Way Long- and Short-Memory Model
Authors: Zhang Bingjing
Published: June 2022

With the popularity of neural network research, the application based on neural network model is gradually applied to all aspects of people’s life. Neural network model can not only solve the algebraic problems that traditional machine learning can solve but also recognize and analyze graphics through self-learning. For example, face recognition, web page recognition, product packaging design, and application are inseparable from the dissemination of graphic language. When these processes are realized through computer language, it is necessary to accurately identify these graphic languages. However, traditional machine language learning has poor performance in graphic language learning, which further leads to the application to achieve the purpose of the original visual communication design. Therefore, based on the neural network algorithm, this paper improves a new neural network model—two-way long- and short-memory model to make the computer recognize the graphic language more accurate and further explores the graphic language representation in the visual communication design based on the two-way long- and short-memory model.
Cultural Creativity, Industrial Scale, Management Methods, and Their Roles in Rural Revitalization from the Perspective of Big Data
Authors: Huang Yiqing , Wang Wei
Published: June 2022

Rural revitalization, as a significant element of the national economy, has become a hot topic at present. The development of digital economies makes big data play become more significant for the national economy. To accelerate the process of rural revitalization, using up big data is vital. To mine the relationship between factors, such as cultural creativity, industrial scale, management methods, and rural revitalization from big data, this study adopts a neural network method. Based on the proposed neural network, a scheme to analyze the relationship between cultural creativity, industrial scale, management methods and the level of rural revitalization is presented. Through case studies, the effectiveness of analyzing the influence of cultural creativity, industrial scale, and management methods on rural revitalization based on big data is demonstrated. Moreover, the results validate that the proposed neural network has good prediction accuracy, which indicates that it is reliable to use neural networks to analyze the relationship between the impacting factors and the rural revitalization level with the assistance of big data.
A Comparative Study of Text Genres in English-Chinese Translation Effects Based on Deep Learning LSTM
Authors: Zhao Xiaoda , Jin Xiaoyan
Published: June 2022

In recent years, neural network-based English-Chinese translation models have gradually supplanted traditional translation methods. The neural translation model primarily models the entire translation process using the “encoder-attention-decoder” structure. Simultaneously, grammar knowledge is essential for translation, as it aids in the grammatical representation of word sequences and reduces grammatical errors. The focus of this article is on two major studies on attention mechanisms and grammatical knowledge, which will be used to carry out the following two studies. Firstly, in view of the existing neural network structure to build translation model caused by long distance dependent on long-distance information lost in the delivery, leading to problems in terms of the translation effect which is not ideal, put forward a kind of embedded attention long short-term memory (LSTM) network translation model. Secondly, in view of the lack of grammatical prior knowledge in translation models, a method is proposed to integrate grammatical information into translation models as prior knowledge. Finally, the proposed model is simulated on the IWSLT2019 dataset. The results show that the proposed model has a better representation of source language context information than the existing translation model based on the standard LSTM model.
Optimal Signal Control Design for Isolated Intersections Using Sample Travel-Time Data
Authors: Maripini HimaBindu , Vanajakshi Lelitha , Chilukuri Bhargava Rama
Published: June 2022

Increased travel times are often observed on urban roads, with signalized intersections being the major bottlenecks. The inability of existing static signal timings in accommodating the actual demand fluctuations could be one of the contributing factors. A traffic-responsive signal control system that changes signal timings according to traffic volume fluctuations may alleviate this problem. However, such problems are conventionally formulated based on the data collected from location-based sensors, which are infrastructure intensive and costly and fail to capture mixed and disordered traffic conditions. Considering these limitations, this paper presents an optimal signal design using sample travel time information collected from mobile data sources such as GPS/Bluetooth/Wi-Fi sensors that work independently of the traffic conditions and are relatively cost-effective. The proposed adaptive signal design minimizes total intersection delay at isolated intersections for every cycle based on the traffic conditions observed in the previous cycle. The mathematical programming-based formulation uses shock waves formed during the red and green phases to estimate optimal-phase durations. Results revealed that the proposed design is capable of handling traffic flow fluctuations without requiring the entire traffic stream data. The system demonstrated that sample data from four probe vehicles per phase is adequate for real-time optimal signal design. Results showed that the proposed model outperformed the existing Webster’s signal design procedure with a delay reduction of 11.78% when compared theoretically and 10.41% when implemented in VISSIM.
Is Early Preventive Caffeine Safe and Effective in Premature Neonates? A Clinical Trial
Authors: Sajjadian Negar , Taheri Peymaneh Alizadeh , Jabbari Mahboobeh
Published: June 2022

Background. Advantages of caffeine for the treatment of apnea of prematurity (AOP) have prompted clinicians to use it as a preventive drug even before the occurrence of apnea. Objective. To compare the effect of early preventive caffeine therapy with routine late preventive caffeine on the occurrence rate of apnea of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and related radiographic changes, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the need for mechanical ventilation, the length of mechanical ventilation, and the length of hospitalization. Materials and Methods. In this open randomized clinical trial study, 90 preterm neonates with the gestational age of 25-35 weeks were divided into 2 groups: group A received caffeine during the first two days of life (early preventive caffeine), while group B received caffeine during the third to the tenth day of life (late preventive caffeine). The occurrence rate of AOP and other outcomes were the primary outcomes. The adverse effects of caffeine in each group were the secondary outcomes. Results. The total occurrence rate of AOP was significantly higher (32.6%) in the late group versus (6.8%) in the early group (

p
=
0.002

). The total occurrence rate of BPD was also significantly higher (37%) in the late group versus (18.2%) in the early group (

p
=
0.047

). On the other hand, we found a lower need for mechanical ventilation, shorter length of mechanical ventilation, shorter length of hospitalization, and a lower occurrence rate of PDA, NEC, and IVH in the early group that was not significant. No adverse effect of caffeine was observed in each group. Conclusions. Early preventive caffeine administration was associated with a significantly lower occurrence rate of AOP, BPD, and BPD radiologic changes. As other outcomes occurred lesser in the early group that were not significant, future studies with more participants are recommended. This study has been registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20160827029535N8).
Characterization of m6A Methylation Modification Patterns in Colorectal Cancer Determines Prognosis and Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration
Authors: Yue Qingfang , Zhang Yuan , Wang Fei , Cao Fei , Bai Jun , Duan Xianglong
Published: June 2022

Cumulative studies have suggested that dysregulation of m6A regulators and immunity is highly linked to the prognosis of patients with cancer. However, the potential contribution of m6A modification patterns to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) remain elusive. A comprehensive analysis of the m6A modification profiles of 458 patients with CRC was performed by clustering 21 genes encoding m6A methylation regulators and linking the m6A modification pattern with TME characteristics. Using principal component analysis (PCA), a risk model was constructed to quantify individual m6A modification patterns in patients with CRC. The results indicated that the expression profiles and genetic mutations of 21 genes encoding m6A methylation regulators in CRC were characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity. Three m6A clusters had significant differences in prognosis, m6A modification patterns, and TME characteristics. Furthermore, a risk model, termed m6Ascore, was developed by PCA to quality m6A methylation patterns at an individual level. The m6Ascore could stratify patients into high- and low-m6Ascore groups. Further analyses demonstrated that the m6Ascore had a good predictive performance for overall survival and clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with CRC. Finally, the predictive value of the model was validated by external cohorts. In conclusion, the comprehensive characterization of m6A methylation modification patterns might contribute to our understanding of the TME in CRC and the development of personalized antitumor immunotherapy in the future.
Simulation Research of the n-Butanol Proportion Influence on HCCI Combustion of Free-Piston Diesel Engine Generators
Authors: Liu Chunhui , Zheng Hao
Published: June 2022

For researching the influence of n-butanol proportion in diesel fuel on homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion of the free-piston diesel engine generator (FPDEG), a three-dimensional (3D) moving mesh computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model of a FPDEG prototype was developed. A detailed chemical reaction mechanism of diesel fuel was selected as the HCCI combustion mechanism and coupled in the established HCCI combustion simulation model of the FPDEG prototype. The validity of the established HCCI combustion simulation model is proved by comparing the simulation and experimental pressure curves under the condition of pure diesel fuel. The simulation results of different n-butanol proportions in diesel fuel showed that as the n-butanol proportion increased from 0 to 60%, the maximum heat release rate decreased to 59.6 J/deg, the calculated indicated thermal efficiency augmented to 4.6%, the calculated indicated mean effective pressure increased to 0.057 MPa, and the final NOx and CO content decreased to 0.239 and 0.57 g/kg fuel, respectively, but the final soot content increased to 0.000562 g/kg fuel. Therefore, the n-butanol proportion of diesel fuel played a vital role in combustion and emission progress of the FPDEG.
Trends in Healthcare Expenditures among Adults in the United States by Cancer Diagnosis Status, 2008–2016: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Walker Shannon L. , Williams Joni S. , Lu Kaiwei , Dawson Aprill Z. , Egede Leonard E.
Published: June 2022

Background:

This study aims to assess trends in direct medical expenditures and indirect costs between adults with and without a prior cancer diagnosis from 2008 to 2016.

Methods:

Nine years of data (2008–2016) from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (weighted N = 236,811,875) were used. The outcomes included medical expenditures (total expenditure, inpatient, office-based, medications, outpatient, dental, emergency room visits, home health, other) and health-related missed workdays. The predictor was prior cancer diagnosis. Covariates included demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and calendar year at time of survey completion. Two-part statistical modeling with a combination of binomial and positive distributions was used to estimate medical expenditures and missed workdays. Data were clustered into five timepoints: 2008 to 2009, 2010 to 2011, 2012 to 2013, 2014 to 2015, and 2016.

Results:

Eleven percent of the sample (n = 25,005,230) had a prior cancer diagnosis. Compared with those without a prior cancer diagnosis, those with a prior cancer diagnosis had higher mean incremental total expenditures across all years. Between 2008 and 2016, the adjusted annual incremental total expenditures were $3,522 [95% confidence interval (CI), $3,072–$3,972]; office-based visits ($1,085; 95% CI, $990–$1180); inpatient hospitalizations ($810; 95% CI, $627–$992); outpatient appointments ($517; 95% CI, $434–$600); and medications ($409; 95% CI, $295–$523); and health-related missed workdays (0.75; 95% CI, 0.45–1.04) compared with adults without a prior cancer diagnosis.

Conclusions:

Adults with a prior cancer diagnosis had significantly increased healthcare expenditures and health-related missed workdays compared with those with no cancer diagnosis.

Impact:

Our findings highlight the need for increasing strategies to remedy the impact of increasing direct and indirect costs associated with cancer survivorship as the population grows and ages.
The Association between Smoking and Anal Human Papillomavirus in the HPV Infection in Men Study
Authors: Umutoni Victoria , Schabath Matthew B. , Nyitray Alan G. , Wilkin Timothy J. , Villa Luisa L. , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Giuliano Anna R. , Sudenga Staci L.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Previous studies show an association between smoking and anal cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the association between smoking and anal HPV (human papillomavirus) prevalence, incidence, and persistence in men.

Methods:

The HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study is a multinational study that enrolled HIV-negative men. At baseline and follow-up visits, anal specimens were collected. HPV genotyping was assessed by linear array. Prevalence ratios (PR) were used to assess the association between smoking and anal HPV prevalence. Odds ratios (OR) were used to assess the association between smoking and anal HPV incidence and ≥12-months persistence.

Results:

Current smokers have a higher prevalence [adjusted PR (aPR), 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.73) and incidence [adjusted OR (aOR), 1.74; 95% CI, 1.26–2.39] and ≥12-months persistence (aOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.19–2.33) of any anal HPV compared with never smokers. There were no differences in the prevalence, incidence, or persistence of anal HPV between former and never smokers. Smoking status was not associated with the prevalence or persistence of anal HPV among men who have sex with men but was associated with higher incidence of HR-HPV. Among men that have sex with women (MSW), current smokers had an increased prevalence and incidence of LR-HPV compared with never smokers.

Conclusions:

Current smokers had a higher prevalence, persistence, and incidence of HPV compared with never smokers. Further research is needed to assess the role smoking in anal HPV persistence and progression to disease.

Impact:

Prevention initiatives should raise awareness about smoking and the risk factor of anal HPV infection and anal cancer.
Longitudinal Associations between Inflammatory Markers and Fatigue up to Two Years after Colorectal Cancer Treatment
Authors: Querido Nadira R. , Kenkhuis Marlou-Floor , van Roekel Eline H. , Breukink Stéphanie O. , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J.B. , Janssen-Heijnen Maryska L.G. , Keulen Eric T.P. , Ueland Per Magne , Vogelaar F. Jeroen , Wesselink Evertine , Bours Martijn J.L. , Weijenberg Matty P.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Fatigue is often reported by colorectal cancer survivors and largely impacts their quality of life. Inflammation has been linked to fatigue mainly in patients with breast cancer. Therefore, we investigated how inflammation is longitudinally associated with fatigue in colorectal cancer survivors, up to 2 years posttreatment.

Methods:

A total of 257 patients from the ongoing Energy for life after ColoRectal cancer cohort study were included in the analysis. Plasma levels of IL6, IL8, IL10, TNFα, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and fatigue were measured at 6 weeks, 6, 12, and 24 months posttreatment. Fatigue was measured through the validated Checklist Individual Strength (CIS; total, 20–140), consisting of four subscales – subjective fatigue (8–56), motivation (4–28), physical activity (3–21), and concentration (5–35), and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 fatigue subscale (0–100). Linear mixed-models were used to assess the confounder-adjusted longitudinal associations between inflammatory markers and overall fatigue along with the subscales.

Results:

Mean levels of CIS fatigue decreased from 62.9 at 6 weeks to 53.0 at 24 months. In general, levels of inflammatory markers also decreased over time. No statistically significant longitudinal associations were found between IL6, IL8, IL10, TNFα, and fatigue. Higher levels of hsCRP were associated with more CIS fatigue (β per SD 3.21, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.42–5.01) and EORTC fatigue (β 2.41, 95% CI, 0.72–4.10).

Conclusions:

Increased levels of hsCRP are longitudinally associated with more posttreatment fatigue in colorectal cancer survivors.

Impact:

These findings suggest that low-grade inflammation may play a role in fatigue reported by colorectal cancer survivors up to 2 years posttreatment.
Quality of Life, Efficacy, and Safety of Sequential Intravesical Gemcitabine + Docetaxel versus BCG for Non-Muscle Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pareek Tarun , Parmar Kalpesh , Sharma Aditya Prakash , Kumar Santosh
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is considered the most effective agent for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, due to BCG-related toxicity, multiple studies have suggested the role of newer chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of our study was to evaluate intravesical gemcitabine + docetaxel (Gem/Doce) versus BCG with respect to quality of life (QOL), safety, and efficacy in NMIBC. Methods: A total of 60 patients with NMIBC were evaluated between July 2019 and December 2020 in a prospective manner. The sample size calculation was done, keeping in mind the incidence of intravesical BCG-related complications of up to 50–60% and 20–30% for Gem/Doce combination. The p value of 0.05 was kept as statistically significant. The enrollment ratio was kept at 1, and power of study was aimed at 80%. The study population was alternatively assigned to two groups (BCG vs. Gem/Doce) of 30 patients each. Both the groups received 6 weekly doses of induction therapy followed by 6 monthly doses of maintenance therapy if no recurrence was noted at interim follow-up. QOL scores, safety, and efficacy were assessed at beginning of intravesical therapy, end of induction, and 6 months of maintenance therapy. Cystoscopy examination and cytology were performed at the end of induction therapy and 3-monthly thereafter. Result: The preliminary results at the end of 6 months following maintenance therapy showed that the demographic profile, histological stage, and grade were comparable between two groups. The QOL scores using QLQ-30 and QLQ-BLS-24 showed statistically significant differences with the Gem/Doce arm showing better outcomes. There were no progressions to higher stage, while one recurrence each was seen in both groups. Patient-related side effects measured by CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events)version 5 showed that the BCG group had higher toxicity profile as compared to Gem/Doce group. Conclusion: Gem/Doce combination intravesical therapy is a promising alternative to BCG for treatment of NMIBC, showing better QOL measures and lesser side effects.
Comparative Neuroanatomy of the Mechanosensory Subgenual Organ Complex in the Peruvian Stick Insect, Oreophoetes peruana
Authors: Strauß Johannes
Published: June 2022

The subgenual organ complex in the leg of Polyneoptera (Insecta) consists of several chordotonal organs specialized to detect mechanical stimuli from substrate vibrations and airborne sound. In stick insects (Phasmatodea), the subgenual organ complex contains the subgenual organ and the distal organ located distally to the subgenual organ. The subgenual organ is a highly sensitive detector for substrate vibrations. The distal organ has a characteristic linear organization of sensilla and likely also responds to substrate vibrations. Despite its unique combination of sensory organs, the neuroanatomy of the subgenual organ complex of stick insects has been investigated for only very few species so far. Phylogenomic analysis has established for Phasmatodea the early branching of the sister groups Oriophasmata, the Old World phasmids, and Occidophasmata, the New World phasmids. The species studied for the sensory neuroanatomy, including the Indian stick insect Carausius morosus, belong to the Old World stick insects. Here, the neuroanatomy of the subgenual organ complex is presented for a first species of the New World stick insects, the Peruvian stick insect Oreophoetes peruana. To document the sensory organs in the subgenual organ complex and their innervation pattern, and to compare these between females and males of this species and also to the Old World stick insects, axonal tracing is used. This study documents the same sensory organs for O. peruana, subgenual organ and distal organ, as in other stick insects. Between the sexes of this species, there are no notable differences in the neuroanatomy of their sensory organs. The innervation pattern of tibial nerve branches in O. peruana is identical to other stick insect species, although the innervation pattern of the subgenual organ by a single tibial nerve branch is simpler. The shared organization of the organs in the subgenual organ complex in both groups of Neophasmatodea (Old World and New World stick insects) indicates the sensory importance of the subgenual organ but also of the distal organ. Some variation exists in the innervation of the chordotonal organs in O. peruana though a common innervation pattern can be identified. The findings raise the question for the ancestral neuroanatomical organization and innervation in stick insects.
On the occurrence of Scinax kennedyi (Pyburn, 1973) (Anura, Hylidae) in the state of Roraima, northern Brazil
Authors: Lopes André Gomes , Giaretta Ariovaldo Antonio
Published: June 2022

Scinax comprises 129 species of treefrogs divided between the S. ruber and the S. catharinae clades. The S. rostratus group belongs to the S. ruber clade, and comprises ten species characterized by having a dark interorbital triangular mark, tubercle on the heel and by vocalizing in a head-down position. Within this group, S. kennedyi and S. rostratus are similar in that they are the only species that do not possess a row of tubercles on the lower jaw. In spite of their morphological similarity, they can be distinguished from each other by male size and advertisement call traits. Scinax kennedyi was described from eastern Colombia, and occurs from central Colombia to western Venezuela, whereas S. rostratus was described from northern Venezuela, and is thought to occur from Panama to eastern Venezuela, and in the Brazilian state of Pará. A recent study reported a population identified as S. rostratus from the state of Roraima, in northern Brazil. However, this population presented substantial differences in male size and advertisement call in comparison to the described for this species, and apparently it best fits the diagnosis of S. kennedyi instead. In view of this, the present study aimed to clarify the identity of this Brazilian population through a reassessment of its specimens and call recordings, together with the examination of data of S. kennedyi from its type locality, and of S. rostratus from northern Venezuela. Acoustic and morphological analyses revealed that specimens from northern Brazil were indeed misidentified as S. rostratus, and hence they were herein reassigned to S. kennedyi. The study therefore demonstrates the occurrence of S. kennedyi in Brazil, extending its distribution ca. 1,120 km east by south from its type locality, and ca. 844 km east-southeast from its easternmost previous record. With this reassessment, a clearer acoustic diagnosis between S. kennedyi and S. rostratus was provided, as well as further data on fine-scale temporal traits of their calls.
Diretrizes para investigação de causa raiz de fraturas de componentes na indústria de caminhões
Authors: Onuki Ciro Kandi Taniguchi
Published: June 2022

Durabilidade de peças é uma característica de difícil rastreio e difícil previsão. Devido à própria natureza do produto final – o caminhão – ele é escolhido e será utilizado em aplicações variadas em cronogramas que sempre podem mudar. A flexibilidade é a grande vantagem que o diferencia das outras alternativas de transporte como o trem ou barcos fluviais. Por isso a severidade onde cada cliente impõe o produto tem uma grande dispersão, resultando também em uma grande dispersão do tempo de vida das peças. Considerando toda a cadeia de desenvolvimento e a cadeia produtiva por onde a peça deve passar, vários elementos entram no jogo, e é papel do fractologista levar tudo em consideração quando procurar a causa raiz de alguma falha prematura de um componente. 4 diretrizes são apresentadas e detalhadas, classificando entre a mais comum e a menos comum no cenário brasileiro de caminhões.
Análise e aplicação da rede de Petri no sistema de saúde brasileiro
Authors: Denigres Alexandre Zamora Zerbini , Kose Eduardo Luiz
Published: June 2022

Este trabalho apresenta a análise e a aplicação da modelagem de sistemas a eventos discretos no sistema de saúde brasileiro, focando-se na utilização da Rede de Petri. Após uma descrição breve do funcionamento do sistema de saúde do Brasil, é apresentado estruturas que recebem inputs e outputs específicos que caracterizam suas funções neste setor. Em seguida, conceitos que serão usados no trabalho são explicados e apresentados para a maior compreensão do leitor. Os conceitos são aplicados no sistema brasileiro de maneira global e local para a maior facilidade no entendimento do esquema. Por fim, são discutidas as análises feitas no sistema todo em comparação aos textos lidos e os conceitos utilizados em sala de aula.
Mecatrone - Volume 3
Authors: Feitosa Bruno de Barros
Published: June 2022

Editorial do terceiro volume da Revista Mecatronica, 2018
Benefícios da utilização do inversor de frequência no controle de nível em sistemas de abastecimento de água
Authors: Santos Marcos Batista dos
Published: June 2022

Este artigo tem como finalidade a aplicação de inversor de frequência em processos industriais que trabalham com muitas partidas e paradas de conjuntos motorbomba (CMB) em sistemas de abastecimento de água, que não possuem demanda de consumo fixa e tem seus equipamentos dimensionados para atenderem aos casos mais críticos. O estudo foi feito na Estação Elevatória da Empresa Baiana de Abastecimento de Água, do bairro Garcia, da cidade de Salvador (Brasil), onde foi implantado o sistema. A aplicação tem como finalidade obter economia de energia, melhor aproveitamento do nível de operação do reservatório e menores desgastes dos equipamentos envolvidos no sistema. O resultado obtido foi satisfatório. Apesar da necessidade de algumas alterações estruturais do processo, a economia de energia foi facilmente demonstrada no primeiro mês de implantação do novo sistema, trazendo um retorno financeiro em um prazo menor do que o esperado e uma grande economia nos períodos seguintes.
Gender and education inequalities in dynapenia-free life expectancy: ELSI-Brazil
Authors: Borges Viviane Santos , Camargos Mirela Castro Santos , Andrade Fabíola Bof de
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the dynapenia-free life expectancy among community-dwelling older Brazilian adults and evaluate gender-related and educational differences. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. The data were obtained from the Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brazil – Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging), conducted from 2015 to 2016 in Brazil. Dynapenia is defined as low muscle strength (< 27kg for men and < 16kg for women), measured with a handgrip dynamometer. The dynapenia-free life expectancy was estimated using the Sullivan method based on the standard period life table and dynapenia prevalence, stratified by age groups, gender, and schooling. RESULTS: A total of 8,827 participants, aged 50 and over (53.3% women), were investigated. The prevalence of dynapenia was 17.7% among men and 18.5% among women. The women live longer and with more years free of dynapenia than men. Those in the higher education category (4 or more years) presented an advantage in the dynapenia-free life expectancy estimates. Conclusions – The results of this study suggest the substantial impact of dynapenia on longer dynapenia-free life expectancy among older people. Understanding dynapenia prevalence and dynapenia-free life expectancy could assist in predicting care needs, as well as targeting efforts to delay the onset of complications related to it at older ages. Without the implementation of policy regarding dynapenia prevention, inequalities in health due to gender and socioeconomic status may continue to increase.
pH-Dependent Protonation of Histidine Residues Is Critical for Electrostatic Binding of Low-Density Lipoproteins to Human Coronary Arteries
Authors: Glise Lars , Rutberg Mikael , Håversen Liliana , Levin Malin C. , Levin Max , Jeppsson Anders , Borén Jan , Fogelstrand Per
Published: June 2022

Background:

The initiating step in atherogenesis is the electrostatic binding of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) to proteoglycan glycosaminoglycans in the arterial intima. However, although proteoglycans are widespread throughout the intima of most coronary artery segments, LDL is not evenly distributed, indicating that LDL retention is not merely dependent on the presence of proteoglycans. We aim to identify factors that promote the interaction between LDL and the vessel wall of human coronary arteries.

Methods:

We developed an ex vivo model to investigate binding of labeled human LDL to human coronary artery sections without the interference of cellular processes.

Results:

By staining consecutive sections of human coronary arteries, we found strong staining of sulfated glycosaminoglycans throughout the arterial intima, whereas endogenous LDL deposits were focally distributed. Ex vivo binding of LDL was uniform at all intimal areas with sulfated glycosaminoglycans. However, lowering the pH from 7.4 to 6.5 triggered a 35-fold increase in LDL binding. The pH-dependent binding was abolished by pretreating LDL with diethyl-pyrocarbonate, which blocks the protonation of histidine residues, or cyclohexanedione, which inhibits the positive charge of site B on LDL. Thus, both histidine protonation and site B are required for strong electrostatic LDL binding to the intima.

Conclusions:

This study identifies histidine protonation as an important component for electrostatic LDL binding to human coronary arteries. Our findings show that the local pH will have a profound impact on LDL’s affinity for sulfated glycosaminoglycans, which may influence the retention and accumulation pattern of LDL in the arterial vasculature.
A single-centre experience of His bundle pacing without electrophysiological mapping system: implant success rate, safety, pacing characteristics and one-year follow up
Authors: Kui Swee Leng , Yeo Colin , Teo Lisa , Him Ai Ling , Syed Hamid Sherida Binte , Wong Kelvin , Tan Vern Hsen
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Despite the challenges related to His bundle pacing (HBP), recent data suggest an improved success rate with experience. As a non-university, non-electrophysiology specialised centre in Singapore, we report our experiences in HBP using pacing system analyser alone.

Methods:

Data of 28 consecutive patients who underwent HBP from August 2018 to February 2019 was retrospectively obtained. The clinical and technical outcomes of these patients were compared between two timeframes of three months each. Patients were followed up for 12 months.

Results:

Immediate technical success was achieved in 21 (75.0%) patients (mean age 73.3 ± 10.7 years, 47.6% female). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 53.9% ± 12.1%. The indications for HBP were atrioventricular block (n = 13, 61.9%), sinus node dysfunction (n = 7, 33.3%) and upgrade from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator to His-cardiac resynchronisation therapy (n = 1, 4.8%). No significant difference was observed in baseline characteristics between Timeframe 1 and Timeframe 2. Improvements pertaining to mean fluoroscopy time were achieved between the two timeframes. There was one HBP-related complication of lead displacement during Timeframe 1. All patients with successful HBP achieved non-selective His bundle (NSHB) capture, whereas only eight patients had selective His bundle (SHB) capture. NSHB and SHB capture thresholds remained stable at the 12-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

Permanent HBP is feasible and safe, even without the use of an electrophysiology recording system. This was successfully achieved in 75% of patients, with no adverse clinical outcomes during the follow-up period.
Four new species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae, Agaricomycetes) subgenera Cyanula and Claudopus from Vietnam and their phylogenetic position
Authors: MOROZOVA OLGA , POPOV EUGENE , ALEXANDROVA ALINA , PHAM THI HA GIANG , NOORDELOOS MACHIEL EVERT
Published: June 2022

Three new species of Entoloma subgenus Cyanula (Entoloma argus, E. arion, and E. icarus) from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve and one species of subgenus Claudopus (E. daphnis) from Cat Tien National Park were discovered during an investigation of the diversity of the mycobiota of Central and South Vietnam and are described here. Illustrated descriptions of their macro- and microscopic features and discussion of similar taxa are given. Phylogenetic analysis was based on nrITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and nrLSU regions. The results confirm the polyphyletic origin of the pleurotoid basidiocarp form in the genus Entoloma.
Oberonia mahaeliyensis (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Malaxideae), a new species from montane cloud forest of Sri Lanka
Authors: BANDARA CHAMPIKA , LAKKANA TITHIRA , EDIRIWEERA SISIRA
Published: June 2022

Oberonia mahaeliyensis C. Bandara, Lakkana, Ediriweera sp. nov. is described and illustrated in montane cloud forests of Sri Lanka. Complete taxonomic description, color photographs and line drawings of the species are provided in this account.
Effect of FA: X+3 (X = B, Al, and Ga) Color Centers on the Electronic and Optical Properties of LiF (001) Surface
Authors: Nassr E.
Published: June 2022

The density functional theory and configuration interaction single excitations methods were used to study the effect of FA color centers on the electronic and optical properties of the LiF (001) surface. Three types of FA color centers were used, FA:
B+3, FA: Al+3, and FA: Ga+3. The evaluated values of the ionization potential, chemical hardness, and softness indicate the stability of the investigated color centers. FA: B+3 is the most stable one. While the electron
affinity values reveal that the FA: Al+3 center is the highest reactive one. The Ultraviolet-Visible spectra for FA: B+3, FA: Al+3, and FA: Ga+3 centers showed that the scrutinized centers have two absorption
peaks. The highest absorption peak recorded for FA: B+3 center is located at 285 nm, while the highest absorption peaks recorded for FA: Al+3, and FA: Ga+3 centers are located at 173 and 165 nm, respectively. According to the
light-harvesting efficiency values, FA: Al+3, and FA: Ga+3 centers have the highest efficiency to gather the energy during the pumping process than FA: B+3 centers. Stokes-shift values for FA: B+3, FA:
Al+3, and FA: Ga+3 centers were 0.16, 0.37, and 0.33 eV, respectively, consequently, FA: Al+3 and FA: Ga+3 centers, are more suitable for laser production than FA: B+3 center.
A High Performance Normally-Off AlGaN/GaN Split-Gate Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistor (MIS-HEMT) Using Piezo Neutralization Technique
Authors: Su Xuebing , Wang Yang , Jin Xiangliang , Yang Hongjiao
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we propose a novel normally-off MIS-HEMT structure, mainly using Split-Gate Technology, Piezo Neutralization Technique (PNT), Field Plate Technology. By analyzing the effects of different Al composition in the PNT layer and buffer layer on devices, the Piezo Neutralization
Technique is optimized. The current turn-on/off is controlled by changing gate voltage to regulate the horizontal conduction band between the double gates. The effects of gate length and block barrier size between the double gates on device performance are studied. Through two-dimensional
device simulation, the operation principle and internal mechanism are analyzed. An improved device with good performance is presented. The threshold voltage Vth is 4.1 V, the peak transconductance is 0.3 S/mm, the maximum drain current is 1.1 A/mm and the breakdown voltage is 1200
V.
Transmitter Half Distribution Angle Optimization in Non-Line of Sight Visible Light Communication
Authors: Chandra Sekaran R. , Akila M. , Yuvaraj N.
Published: June 2022

Visible light communication is a subset of wireless optical communication that uses white light-emitting diode-based illumination infrastructure for data transmission. Visible light communication (VLC) for indoor communication has recently received much attention to meet the ever-increasing
data demands. In VLC, line-of-sight (LOS) connections can provide massive bandwidth while ensuring low path loss if there is an unobstructed path between the transmitter and the receiver, but they are prone to blocking. Non-line of sight (NLOS) links can provide significant blocking resilience
and ease of usage by relying on light reflections from the walls, ceiling, and other diffusely reflecting surfaces. Non-line-of-sight optimization is required in VLC to improve receiver optical power and, as a result, system performance. Various studies have been conducted to optimize receiver
setups to improve the optical power at the receiver end. In a non-line of sight (NLOS) scenario, however, transmitter configurations significantly impact the received optical power at the detector. The received optical power is spatially non-uniform owing to the scattered trait of white LEDs.
This reduces the NLOS link performance. While employing LEDs with a larger half distribution angle minimizes these spatial power fluctuations, it also intensifies reflections from the walls. The more the reflections the more the signal attenuation. In consequence, to improve the receiver optical
power in NLOS, this research provides a Transmitter half distribution angle optimization technique, in which the spatial power heterogeneity and the receiver’s mean power gain are recursively estimated for different reflections. The optimization results in a higher mean power gain and
reduced spatial power heterogeneity, improving VLC link performance when transmitter and receiver are not in-line.
Quantum Efficiency Simulation and Analysis of Irradiated Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Image Sensors
Authors: Fu Jing , Wen Lin , Feng Jie , Wei Ying , Zhou Dong , Li Yu-Dong , Guo Qi
Published: June 2022

A quantum efficiency model of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor image sensors based on Shockley–Read–Hall and Auger recombination is developed using the technology computer-aided design tool, and the quantum efficiency degradation after irradiation is analyzed. By
simulating the surface recombination velocity and depletion region width of the photodiode, the decrease in the quantum efficiency of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor image sensors under short and long incident light wavelengths is found to be caused by the increase in the surface recombination
velocity and capture of optical carriers by radiation-induced defects in the epitaxial layer, respectively. In addition, a method to reduce the quantum efficiency degradation behavior of an irradiated pixel is discussed.
Stability Control of Flexible High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Based on DC Circuit Breaker Protection
Authors: Lai Yiyang , Wang Zengping
Published: June 2022

In order to control the stable operation of flexible DC transmission system and ensure the uninterrupted power supply of flexible DC transmission system, the stability control method of flexible DC transmission system based on DC circuit breaker protection is studied. Taking support
vector machine as the basic classifier, the two parameters of support vector machine classifier and support vector machine classifier are optimized by bird swarm algorithm, The sample weight is adjusted in real time according to the classification error of support vector machine classifier;
The corresponding kernel function is selected and the bird swarm algorithm is used to find the optimal parameters; Through the fault location method of flexible DC transmission system based on wemtr, the fault location of flexible DC transmission line is realized; According to the fault location
of flexible DC transmission system, the optimal coordination strategy of DC circuit breaker based on protection line is adopted to realize the stability control of flexible DC transmission system. The simulation results show that this method can realize the stability control of flexible DC
transmission in a short time. Under the control of this method, the fluctuation amplitude of voltage and current of flexible DC transmission system becomes smaller, which has application value.
A New Method for Thermocline and Halocline Depth Determination at Shallow Seas
Authors: Janecki Maciej , Dybowski Dawid , Rak Daniel , Dzierzbicka-Glowacka Lidia
Published: June 2022

This paper introduces a new method for finding the top of thermocline (TTD) and halocline (THD) depths that may become a powerful tool for applications in shallow marine basins around the world. The method calculates the moving average of the ocean vertical profile’s short-scale spatial variability (standard deviation) and then processes it to determine the potential depth at which temperature or salinity rapidly changes. The method has been calibrated using an extensive set of data from the ecohydrodynamic model EcoFish. As a result of the calibration, the values of the input parameters that allowed the correct determination of TTD and THD were established. It was confirmed by the validation carried out on the in situ profiles collected by the research vessel S/Y Oceania during statutory cruises in the southern Baltic Sea. The “MovSTD” algorithm was then used to analyze the seasonal variability of the vertical structure of the waters in Gdańsk Deep for temperature and salinity. The thermocline deepening speed was also estimated in the region analyzed.
Smallholder Knowledge of Local Climate Conditions Predicts Positive On-Farm Outcomes
Authors: Salerno Jonathan , Bailey Karen , Diem Jeremy , Konecky Bronwen , Bridges Ryan , Namusisi Shamilah , Bitariho Robert , Palace Michael , Hartter Joel
Published: June 2022

People’s observations of climate change and its impacts, mediated by cultures and capacities, shape adaptive responses. Adaptation is critical in regions of rainfed smallholder agriculture where changing rainfall patterns have disproportionate impacts on livelihoods, yet scientific climate data to inform responses are often sparse. Despite calls for better integration of local knowledge into adaptation frameworks, there is a lack of empirical evidence linking both smallholder climate observations and scientific data to on-farm outcomes. We combine smallholder observations of past seasonal rainfall timing with satellite-based rainfall estimates in Uganda to explore whether farmers’ ability to track climate patterns is associated with higher crop yields. We show that high-fidelity tracking, or alignment of farmer recall with recent rainfall patterns, predicts higher yields in the present year, suggesting that farmers may translate their cumulative record of environmental knowledge into productive on-farm decisions, such as crop selection and timing of planting. However, tracking of less-recent rainfall (i.e., 1–2 decades in the past) does not predict higher yields in the present, while climate data indicate significant trends over this period toward warmer and wetter seasons. Our findings demonstrate the value of smallholder knowledge systems in filling information gaps in climate science while suggesting ways to improve adaptive capacity to climate change.
Broadcast Meteorologists and Personal Branding: An Exploratory Study after a Hurricane Crisis
Authors: Zavattaro Staci M. , Stevens Kelly A.
Published: June 2022

Television station and on-air talent marketing and branding has been studied with increasing attention because there is recognition that the people are part of an overall brand strategy. In this paper, we focus on broadcast meteorologists and their views of their personal brands and how those work to engage audiences. With Hurricane Dorian in 2019 as the background major weather event, the paper focuses on how on-air meteorologists develop their brand identities. From these interviews, we find 1) personal branding to build trust is paramount, 2) social media are game changers for personal branding, and 3) station branding can influence personal branding. Our findings shed light on the tension some on-air meteorologists experience when seeing themselves as a commodity while also trying to build trust as an expert crisis communicator.

Significance Statement

The purpose of our study is to examine how on-air meteorologists understand the role that personal branding plays—if any at all—in helping them deliver information to viewers. In previous research, Daniels and Loggins noted that, as the landscape for communicating lifesaving information changes, understanding how on-air meteorologists understand their roles and personal identities becomes paramount. If weather is a product, the people delivering the information become part of the product and overall brand strategy, according to Daniels and Loggins. Our exploratory study indicates that personal branding poses some opportunities and challenges for on-air meteorologists, who sometimes see an internal conflict between station branding strategies and their roles as scientists.