bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre paros, pandemias y virtualidades: activismo político y trabajo colectivo
Authors: Ospina Ramírez Erasmo Daniel , Sarmiento Angela María , Ramírez Rojas Andrea , Uribe Polo Paula Carolina , Alarcón Velásquez Rossana Milena
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo plantea una serie de articulaciones en torno a nuestra experiencia como estudiantes de la Maestría en Estudios Culturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, y los trabajos de activismo y organización colectiva durante las movilizaciones del 2019 que nos condujeron, entre otras acciones, a la organización del ciclo de conferencias De la Sopa de Wuhan al Sancocho Latinoamericano, realizado a principios del 2020. Narramos, desde nuestra propia ex- periencia, cómo la cercanía que construimos entre nosotras propició la solidaridad y el acompañamiento mutuos, con lo cual pudimos afrontar los diferentes retos que nos generaron la pandemia y el aislamiento. Dicha cercanía se conformó en un proceso tanto por fuera como por dentro de la academia formal, pues si bien en las aulas leíamos sobre los estudios culturales británicos y norteamericanos, en la calle aprendíamos, por no decir escribíamos, los nuestros.

Political activism and collective action between strikes, pandemics and virtualities

Abstract: This article poses a series of articulations on our experiences as students of the Master’s in Cultural Studies at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, as well as the forms of activism and collective action that emerged during the 2019 national strike in Colombia, which eventually led to the organization of the forum “From the Wuhan soup to the Latin American Sancocho” in early months of 2020. We built narratives from our own lived experiences to inform how the togetherness built among us can be understood as a form of solidarity and mutual support with which we confronted the different challenges presented to us by the COVID-19 crisis. We argue that this togetherness is as a result of a process which occurred both outside and inside of the formal university setting; even though we used to read about the British and North American Cultural Studies, it was through taking the streets that we learned, and even wrote, our own.

Keywords: Graduate studies during the pandemic, Cultural Studies, 2019 Colombian National Strike, Chronicle.
Spatial features of a penitentiary unit in the context of stress experienced by Prison Service staff
Authors: Grzesiak Sławomir , Rychlik Jarosław , Nowogrodzka Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

Prison as the place of work of the Prison Service staff is a specific workplace due to both the nature of the prison community as well as the infrastructural and architectural solutions deployed to protect prison officers. Considering the spatial features of a penitentiary unit and their role in the due performance of Prison Service tasks, it seems quite relevant to seek an answer to the question: How does the physical space of a prison contribute to the stress experienced by prison officers? The issue in question is rooted in M. Mendel’s concept of pedagogy of place, symbolic interactionism and S. Hobfoll’s conservation of resources theory. Inquiry into a research problem of this kind seems reasonable taking into account the infrastructural and spatial aspects of the surroundings that can be potential stress drivers. In April 2021, a group of 58 prison officers were surveyed based on the Stress Perception Questionnaire and the author’s questionnaire. Relationships between the variables have been established through the use of correlation, significant difference test and variance analysis. The results revealed that the essential spatial characteristics of a penitentiary unit associated with the perception of stress by Prison Service staff are those features that relate to the penitentiary unit’s functional aspects covering the specific technical and protective safeguards. These results formed a premise for designating higher-risk staff groups, with regard to which preventive programmes aimed at counteracting the negative effects of stress experience should be considered
Directions of development of administrative courts’ jurisprudence in real property cases in 2020: Selected Aspects (Part II)
Authors: Dalkowska Anna , Rzęsiewicz Karol
Published: September 2021

Adoption of the Act on Special Rules of Eliminating the Legal Effects of Reprivatisation Decisions Relating to Real Properties in Warsaw, Issued in Violation of Law had a substantial impact on the directions of development of administrative courts’ jurisprudence in recent years. New legal provisions and solutions have provided an impetus for administrative courts to set directions for applying the law in the area of reprivatisation of Warsaw real properties. Some of its fundamental issues are those that involve determining the meaning of the premise of possession, laid down in Article 7(1) of the Warsaw Decree, as the positive condition for filing the restitution application and applying for compensation for land expropriated pursuant to Article 215(1) of the Act on Real Property Management.
How relationships between views, understandings, and implementations of inquiry-based teaching in biology contribute to science teacher identity
Authors: Pellikka Anne , Lutovac Sonja , Kaasila Raimo
Published: September 2021

This study examines the relationships between preservice primary teachers’ (PSTs) views, understandings, and implementations of inquiry-based teaching (IBT) in primary biology education. In earlier studies, these relationships have been researched separately. Exploring them simultaneously allows a greater insight into the process of teacher change and science teacher identity development. Drawing on the narrative method, data included learning diaries, lesson plans, and interviews during a two year research period. Our findings reveal the complex relationships between three aspects of IBT. For example, embracing views of IBT were sometimes accompanied by a significant understanding of IBT and other times by a weak understanding. Whereas, hesitant views of IBT also went together with significant understanding. We discuss these relationships in the light of their impact on science teacher identity and provide suggestions for teacher education.
MELANOMI MAKSILOFACIJALNE REGIJE – EPIDEMIOLOŠKE I KLINIČKE KARAKTERISTIKE PACIJENATA S HIRURŠKI TRETIRANIM MELANOMOM
Authors: Fočo Faris , Rašiti Aiša , Saračević Salih
Published: September 2021

Uvod. Ciljevi istraživanja su prikazati podatke i rezultate dijagnoze i tretmana melanoma maksilofacijalne regije, evidentirane u desetogodišnjem periodu (2007–2017), prikazati spolnu i starosnu strukturu pacijenata s melanomom maksilofacijalne regije, uporediti stadije bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji i korelirati ih s Breslow i Clark klasifikacijama, korelirati prisustvo ili odsustvo limfovaskularne invazije sa stadijima bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji, broj recidiva bolesti korelirati sa stadijima bolesti po TNM klasifikaciji. Materijal i metode. Provedena je retrospektivna studija. U studiju su uključeni pacijenti s hirurški tretiranim melanomom maksilofacijalne regije liječeni u Kliničkom centru Univerziteta u Sarajevu na Klinici za maksilofacijalnu hirurgiju, u periodu od 2007. do 2017. godine. Rezultati. Od ukupnog broja hirurški tretiranih novih slučajeva melanoma maksilofacijalne regije (n=55) u desetogodišnjem periodu, 29 pacijenata (52,7%) su muškog spola. Postoji statistički značajna povezanost između muškog spola i smrtnog ishoda, χ2 (1)=4.097, p=0,043. S provedenim Hi-kvadrat testom i post-hoc analizom utvrđeno je postojanje statistički značajne razlike u medijani površine i veličine melanoma u odnosu na limfovaskularnu invaziju odstranjenje promjene, χ2 (2)=11.404, p=0,003, odnosno post-hoc kod melanoma bez limfovaskularne invazije (108 mm2 , IQR=35 to 266) i s limfovaskularnom invazijom (400 mm2 , 97,5 to 900) (p=0.003). Postoji statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija između TNM klasifikacije i broja relapsa bolesti, rs (52)=0,465, p=0,001, te postoji statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija između stadija bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji i Breslow klasifikacije, rs (54)=0,679, p<0.001. Zaključci. Terapijski izbor u liječenju melanoma je hirurško odstranjenje tumora u cijelosti Melanom 59 uz patohistološku analizu. Gotovo podjednak broj pacijenata oboljelih od melanoma glave i vrata su i muškog i ženskog spola, pri čemu muški pacijenti imaju veću stopu smrtnosti. Biopsija, kao metoda uzimanja uzorka, nije kontraindicirana. Melanomi glave i vrata okarakterisani kao Breslow T1 i Clark I i II imaju dobru prognozu, s visokim stepenom izlječenja i niskom stopom relapsa bolesti. Stadij 3. i 4. bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji u direktnoj su vezi s višom Breslow klasifikacijom, a istovremeno povećavaju i broj relapsa bolesti. I prisustvo limfovaskularne invazije u direktnoj je vezi sa stadijem bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji.
INHERITED METABOLIC DISORDERS AND HEART DISEASES
Authors: Krželj Vjekoslav , Čulo Čagalj Ivana
Published: September 2021

Inherited metabolic disorders can cause heart diseases, cardiomyopathy in particular, as well as cardiac arrhythmias, valvular and coronary diseases. More than 40 different inherited metabolic disorders can provoke cardiomyopathy, including lysosomal storage disorders, fatty acid oxidation defects, organic acidemias, amino acidopathies, glycogen storage diseases, congenital disorders of glycosylation as well as peroxisomal and mitochondrial disorders. If identified and diagnosed on time, some of congenital metabolic diseases could be successfully treated. It is important to assume them in cases when heart diseases are etiologically undefined. Rapid technological development has made it easier to establish the diagnosis of these diseases. This article will focus on common inherited metabolic disorders that cause heart diseases, as well as on diseases that might be possible to treat.
Data Management and Interactive Visualizations for the Evolving Marine Biodiversity Observation Network
Authors:   US Geological Survey, Benson Abigail , Murray Tylar , Canonico Gabrielle , Montes Enrique , Muller-Karger Frank , Kavanaugh Maria , Trinanes Joaquin , deWitt Lynn
Published: September 2021

Assessing the current state of and predicting change in the ocean’s biological and ecosystem resources requires observations and research to safeguard these valuable public assets. The Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) partnered with the Global Ocean Observing System Biology and Ecosystems Panel and the Ocean Biodiversity Information System to address these needs through collaboration, data standardization, and data sharing. Here, we describe the generalized MBON data processing flow, which includes several steps to ensure that data are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. By following this flow, data collected and managed by MBON have contributed to our understanding of the Global Ocean Observing System Essential Ocean Variables and demonstrated the value of web-based, interactive tools to explore and better understand environmental change. Although the MBON’s generalized data processing flow is already in practice, work remains in building ontologies for biological concepts, improving processing scripts for data standardization, and speeding up the data collection-to-sharing timeframe.
brModelo: An Initiative for Aiding Database Design
Authors: Dos Santos Mello Ronaldo , Cândido Carlos Henrique , Bittencourt S. Neto Milton
Published: September 2021

The brModelo tool is a initiative of the UFSC Database Group. Its first version was developed in 2005, and its main purpose is to help teaching of relational database design. Compared to similar tools, its main differentials are the support to all steps of the classical database design methodology, user interaction during the logical design step, as well as the support to all extended Entity-Relationship concepts. With more than fifteen years of existence, the brModelo was very well-accepted by the brazilian Database community, which motivated the development and release of several versions of the tool. This article presents the history of brModelo, including its available versions and their functionalities. Additionally, we detail its functionalities and compare it with popular related tools.
Zivilrechtliche Problematik der Covid-19-Pandemie in Polen
Authors: Dobosz Damian
Published: September 2021

In the article, the author explains the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on civil law in Poland. The outbreak of the pandemic caused damage to entrepreneurs. The government introduced numerous support programmes to save entrepreneurs from bankruptcy and to protect workplaces. In addition, the government introduced many restrictions on constitutionally protected rights and freedoms, most notably a prohibition on conducting business activities. This has led to an increase in the extent of damage to entrepreneurs who, due to the lack of opportunities to conduct business activities, have lost their source of income. They demand compensation for their damages from the state, claiming that the prohibition of economic activity introduced is unconstitutional. In the context of the actions of government during the Covid-19 pandemic, the issue of state liability for damage caused by government in Poland was discussed. The legislator also decided to legally interfere in the rental market in Poland. As a result, inter alia, the obligation of the lessee to pay rent to the lessor was suspended. As a result, landlords have lost a source of income.
Die erneuerte Partnerschaft mit der südlichen Nachbarschaft: Was ist neu an der „neuen Agenda“?
Authors: Zorob Anja
Published: September 2021

In February 2021, the European Commission came up with “a new Agenda for the Mediterranean” (new Agenda). After the latest review of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) in 2015, a new strategy had been expected for some time. Which aspects, however, are “new” in the new Agenda? Based on a review of the last 25 years of Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) and Neighbourhood Policy, the article explores to what extent the new Agenda is set to offer any change deserving to be called genuine or merely reflects old wine in new bottles. Within a content and discourse analytical approach, the article tracks how the concepts’ major topics and strategic frames evolved over the course of the years with a focus on the specific aspect of securitization. While the new Agenda seems to be reaching a new apex as regards the latter, there is much to be found in its text that is already well known from earlier strategy papers.
Das PSPP-Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts: Umfang der Übertragung von Souveränität und Überprüfung von Ermessensgebrauch
Authors: Börner Achim-Rüdiger
Published: September 2021

In its judgment of 5 May 2020, the German Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) has held that the Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP) of the European Central Bank (ECB), which started in 2015, and the relevant decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) of 11 December 2018, holding that the programme is compatible with European Union (EU) law, are ultra vires acts. Indeed, this decision is based on a French understanding of discretion which has previously been adopted in the European Treaties and according to which discretion is controlled only for undue, illegal influence. Today, the Treaties have adopted a review of discretion under the aspects of suitability, necessity, and appropriateness. Moreover, criticism at the decision of the FCC neglects that the accession to and the membership in the EU have to observe the thresholds of the respective national constitution, as its violation is not and may not be expected by the Union or any other Member State. Ultra vires acts of the Union, which remain uncorrected by the Union itself, are subject to disapproval and rejection by the constitutional court of any Member State.
Wirtschaftsethik der ›always embedded market economy‹. Überlegungen zu einer Idee von Polanyi
Authors: Haase Michaela
Published: September 2021

Der Kapitalismus ist ein soziales Verhältnis, das sich nicht auf die mit ihm in Verbindung gebrachten Merkmale - Märkte, Privateigentum, Gewinn- und Profitorientierung - reduzieren lässt. Dieses Verhältnis kann auf verschiedene Weise ausgestaltet werden. Der Beitrag referiert auf die Idee der ›always embedded market economy‹ von Karl Polanyi, um Grundzüge einer postkapitalistischen Wirtschaftsethik zu entwickeln.
Organisationale Ambidextrie und Organisationsmediation
Authors: Weigel Sascha
Published: September 2021

In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, wie sich die Anforderung an Organisationen, sich ambidexter (in etwa: beidhändig) zu organisieren und zu prozessieren, auch auf die organisationale Konfliktbearbei­tung und vor allem auf organisationale Mediationen auswirkt.

Der Beitrag erläutert in einem ersten Abschnitt die konzeptionellen Überlegungen zu einer organisationalen Ambidextrie, deren Hintergründe, Aspekte sowie Auswirkungen. Im Anschluss daran werden die Konsequenzen für die organisationale Konfliktbearbeitung auf­ gezeigt und in das Konzept einer strategischen Mediation integriert.
Silver Nanoparticles in Various New Applications
Authors: Hawa Jasni Ainil , Akbar Ali Azirah , Sagadevan Suresh , Wahid Zaharah
Published: September 2021

The use of silver in antimicrobial management is very ancient. Silver-based materials have proven interesting, practical, and promising for various applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been one of the nanostructures most studied and investigated over the past several years. AgNPs have greater specific properties depending on their size and form. These noble synthesised metrics have numerous optical, electrical, catalytic, and optical characteristics. These properties are ideal for many fields, depending on their size and shape. The outbreak of multiple infectious diseases has been a major strain on global economies and the public health sector. Extensive treatments have been suggested for disease control in environments containing infectious diseases through advanced disinfectant nanomaterials. This chapter investigates the application and mechanism of silver nanoparticles in certain nanobiotechnology sectors as a useful nanomaterial. In the sense of the market statistical survey research, AgNPs are emerging as one of the fastest developing product groups in the nanotechnology industry, providing a wide variety of nanosilver products in various applications. Lastly, due to the massive use of AgNPs in products recently, there are many concerns about AgNPs toxicity and safety had also been discussed.
Action of Surfactants in Driving Ecotoxicity of Microplastic-Nano Metal Oxides Mixtures: A Case Study on Daphnia magna under Different Nutritional Conditions
Authors: Guerranti Cristiana , Anselmi Serena , Provenza Francesca , Blašković Andrea , Renzi Monia
Published: September 2021

The series of experiments presented in the paper served to clarify the effects of contemporary exposure to surfactant, microplastics (polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride), and nanoparticles (TiO2 and ZnO) on the model organism Daphnia magna. Exposure was evaluated with respect to the age of the organisms (“young”, 24 hours old, and “aged” 10 days old specimens), trophic status (feeding or fasting), and the simultaneous presence of a surfactant. All the above-mentioned substances are present in the wastewater coming from various environmental sources from cosmetic products. The experiments were conducted in compliance with the OECD 202:2004 guideline, which is also a reference for ecotoxicity tests required by REACH. The results showed that surfactants enhance effects of toxicity produced by the exposure to the microplastic + nanoparticle mixtures. The influence due to factors such as nutrition (effect in fasting >> feeding conditions) and the age of individuals (effects in older >> younger animals) is essential. Concerning young individuals, exposure to PE-TiO2 is the most significant in terms of effects produced: it is very significant, especially in the presence of surfactant (both under fasting and feeding conditions). On the contrary, exposure to the PE-Zn mixture shows the minor effects. The comparison with the literature, especially as regards the possibility of interpreting the toxicity trends for the various mixtures with respect to the individual elements that compose them, leads to hypothesize additive effects still to be investigated and confirms the greatest toxicity contribution of TiO2.
Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models of Lithium-ion Battery
Authors: R. Thakkar Rushali
Published: September 2021

Modelling helps us to understand the battery behaviour that will help to improve the system performance and increase the system efficiency. Battery can be modelled to describe the V-I Characteristics, charging status and battery’s capacity. It is therefore necessary to create an exact electrical equivalent model that will help to determine the battery efficiency. There are different electrical models which will be discussed and examined along with the benefits and demerits. A systematic comparison and analysis using simulation will help us to select an ideal model which will suit best to a specific application.
Malacological news from the Czech and Slovak Republics in 2020
Authors: Čejka Tomáš , Beran Luboš , Coufal Radovan , Dvořák Libor , Hlaváč Jaroslav Č. , Horáčková Jitka , Horsáková Veronika , Juřičková Lucie , Kosová Tereza , Čačaný Juraj , Szabóová Dana , Říhová Dagmar , Tej Branislav , Horsák Michal
Published: September 2021

This paper presents important faunistic records including location data with all details conducted in the Czech and Slovak Republics during 2020. Four new non-native species, Arion intermedius, Ambigolimax valentianus, Clathrocaspia knipowitschii and Krynickillus melanocephalus, were recorded outdoors in Slovakia. Radix lagotis was genetically confirmed for the first time from several sites in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Corbicula fluminea, recorded in Moravia for the first time in 2018, was found in another river, ca 50 km far from the first occurrence. Cepaea nemoralis, recorded in Slovakia for the first time in 2015, seems to have started spreading. New sites of Cornu aspersum were noticed in Prague and Bratislava; for the first time it was also found in Brno. There are also new records of several endangered species, e.g. Vertigo moulinsiana, Pisidium hibernicum, P. globulare, and Pseudanodonta complanata, presented.
Impact of different tillage on soil physical properties, CO2 emissions and winter oilseed rape yield
Authors: Sinkevičienė Aušra , Skinulienė Lina , Steponavičienė Vaida , Černiauskaitė Gabrielė , Bilkevičius Karolis , Zubrickis Valentinas
Published: September 2021

The investigation presents data on winter rape agrocenosis productivity, soil physical properties, and CO2 metabolism intensity using different tillages. The object of the research is the winter rape (Brassica napus L.) crop using different tillages. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the effects of different tillages and direct sowing on winter oilseed rape, soil physical properties and CO2 emissions. Methods of analysis. The studies have been carried out in accordance with established procedures. The methods used to apply the Stationary Single Factor Field Experiment were installed at the Vytautas Magnus University Experimental Station in 1988. The study factor is tillage systems: normal deep pruning at a depth of 23–25 cm in autumn (DP), control; shallow pruning at a depth of 12 to 15 cm in autumn (SP); deep loosening at a depth of 8 to 10 cm in autumn (DL); shallow loosening 13–25 cm (SL); direct seeding with cultivation up to 5 cm (NT). Results. For a long time, direct seeding into the stubble (with cultivation up to 5 cm) increases the resistance of the soil shear. During the whole investigation period, a lower CO2 concentration was observed in shallow loosening and direct seeding fields. Simplified tillages did not have a significant impact on the yields of winter rape.
Bombeamento de água utilizando sistemas fotovoltaicos
Authors: Pereira Rafael Frank Alves
Published: September 2021

O bombeamento de água é uma das atividades mais difundidas em relação à utilização da energia solar fotovoltaica. Uma característica muito favorável ao uso dessa tecnologia refere-se ao casamento perfeito entre a fonte energética, a radiação solar e a necessidade de água. O sistema de bombeamento de água fotovoltaico é semelhante aos sistemas convencionais, com a diferença básica que o acionamento do motor da bomba é feito por um conjunto de módulos fotovoltaicos. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o bombeamento de água utilizando sistemas fotovoltaicos e comparar as vantagens e desvantagens do respectivo sistema. A metodologia utilizada pautou em uma revisão de literatura onde a amostra foi composta de artigos, monografia, normas, periódicos publicados em revistas nacionais com data de publicação compreendida entre os últimos oito anos. Nos resultados da pesquisa foram selecionados 17 (dezessete) publicações, sendo que ao final concluiu-se que que as vantagens de utilização desse sistema, as mesmas pautam-se em: pouca manutenção; possui sistemas modulares que podem ser aumentados ou diminuídos, conforme a necessidade de bombeamento; não utiliza combustível fóssil; é um sistema silencioso e confiável; possui uma longa vida útil; não polui; é um sistema confiável; possui operação autônoma; tem baixo custo de operação e evita gastos permanentes (gastos com aquisição de combustíveis, por exemplo). Já as desvantagens, as mesmas pautam-se em: exige um alto investimento inicial; é uma tecnologia ainda pouco utilizada; depende do recurso solar.
SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANT CANDIDATES AND RECIPIENTS: DENTISTS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: GÜMRÜ Birsay , TARÇIN Bilge
Published: September 2021

In recent years, dental treatment need in organ transplant candidates and recipients increased in proportion to the increased number of organ transplantations due to advances in immunosuppressive drugs and medical surgical technology. For the transplant candidates and recipients, dental treatment usually requires standard practice procedures that apply to the management of the severely medically compromised patient. However, there are no guidelines, clinical trials or outcome assessments on appropriate dental treatment for these patient groups. Moreover, medicine often forgets dentistry, as there is no consensus among medical transplant specialists as to whether dental infections pose a risk to organ transplant candidates and recipients. The aim of this article is to briefly review the most common oral manifestations in solid organ transplant candidates and recipients, and to suggest a specific dental management protocol to guide medical and dental professionals for general dental management before and after solid organ transplantation.
Eco-investing in the Russian Federation: analytical retrospective assessment, restraints, and mechanisms of its economic incentive
Authors: Kormishkina Ludmila Aleksandrovna , Kormishkin Evgenij Danilovich
Published: September 2021

The relevance of this research is substantiated by the need for prompt from a transition from the consumer model of economic growth towards the investment model for maintaining the long-term economic growth potential even in the conditions of planetary manifestations of large-scale environmental challenges. The authors promote economic investment as the prerequisite and “accelerator” of economic growth, which is adequate to the set goal of sustainable development for the period 2016–2030, “responsible” by nature and “transformative” by its functional role. The article aims to conduct the analytical retrospective assessment of the state of eco-investing in the Russian Federation over the period 2000–2019, determine its restraints, as well as the effective mechanisms for its economic incentive. Research methodology employs a range of procedures and methods that allow acquiring objective conclusions on the matter, namely: form databases of statistical data necessary for the analysis; intellectual data mining with instrumental support of the software package Statistica; and multifactor regression analysis. The author builds the regression models of resource potential of eco-investing, which emphasize the need for creating such normative legal, financial and economic conditions that would encourage the economic entities to invest in reduction of their ecological footprint. Based on examination and summary of the leading world practices in the sphere of state support, and application of the relevant market tools for the development of eco-investing, the article provides recommendations on the development of comprehensive mechanism for its economic motivation in the Russian Federation. Such mechanism successfully combines the methods and tools of both positive and negative motivation, concernment and responsibility measures.
Genesis and prerequisites for the emergence of youth parliamentarism in the Russian Federation
Authors: Phedotov Daniil Andreevich
Published: September 2021

The object of this research is the regional youth representative structures, while the subject is the establishment of youth parliamentary structures in the Russian Federation. The research leans on the methodology of historical neo-institutionalism with the “path dependence” approach. Attention is turned to studying the topic from the perspective of the need of federal and regional government in young personnel, substantiated by the shortage of competent specialists as a result of social disturbances. The empirical basis of this research is the interview with the former governor of Vologda Region (from 1996 to 2011) Vyacheslav Pozgalev, who was among the pioneers of the youth parliamentary movement. The novelty of this lies in examination of the phenomenon of youth parliamentarism in historical aspect. The date of creation of the first youth parliamentary body in Russia is established. The author determines five key prerequisites for the emergence of youth parliamentarism in the Russian Federation: European Charter; proliferation of the Western democratic values; political situation in the country; need for conventional self-expression of youth and creation of the filter for the youth labor pool. These prerequisites contributed the emergence and development of the institutions for expressing the political demands of the youth in the context of continuous dialogue ion with the federal and local government.
Post-fire dynamics of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest of Poland
Authors: Olchowik Jacek , Hilszczańska Dorota , Studnicki Marcin , Malewski Tadeusz , Kariman Khalil , Borowski Zbigniew
Published: September 2021

Background

Global warming and drying have markedly enhanced in most forests the risk of fires across the world, which can affect the taxonomic and functional composition of key tree-associated organisms such as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. The present study was conducted to characterise the alterations in the extent of root ECM colonisation, the ECM fungal communities, and their exploration types (i.e., indicator of ECM soil foraging strategies) in regenerated pines within a burned site as compared with an unburned site (five years after the fire event) in the Forest District Myszyniec, Poland.

Methods

To assess the ECM fungal communities of burned and control sites, soil soil-root monoliths were collected from the study sites in September 2019. A total of 96 soil subsamples were collected for soil analysis and mycorrhizal assessment (6 trees × 2 sites × 4 study plots × 2 microsites (north and south) = 96 subsamples).

Results

The percentage of root ECM colonisation was significantly lower in the burned site in comparison with the unburned (control) site. However, the ECM species richness did not differ between the control and burned sites. The identified ECM species in both sites were Imleria badia, Thelephora terrestris, Russula paludosa, R. badia, R. turci, R. vesca, Lactarius plumbeus, Phialocephala fortinii, and Hyaloscypha variabilis. The most frequent species in the burned and control sites were I. badia and T. terrestris, respectively. The relative abundances of contact, medium-distance smooth and long-distance exploration types in the burned site were significantly different from the control site, dominated by the medium-distance exploration type in both sites. The abundance of the long-distance exploration type in the burned site was markedly greater (27%) than that of the control site (14%), suggesting that the fire event had favoured this ECM foraging strategy. The results demonstrated that the fire led to reduced ECM colonisation of Scots pine trees in the burned site whereas the species richness was not affected, which can be attributed to degrees of fire-resistance in the ECM species, survival of ECM propagules in deeper soil layers, and/or continuous entry of spores/propagules of the ECM fungi from the adjacent forests via wind, water run-off or animals.
МОТИВ «НОВИЗНЫ» В ОПИСАНИЯХ АКТОВ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ ВЛАСТИ У ЛИУТПРАНДА КРЕМОНСКОГО, "Средние века"
Authors: Ануфриева А.С.
Published: September 2021

Лиутпранд Кремонский – один из наиболее ярких историографов эпохи Оттонов, мировоззрение которого существенно отличалось от взглядов других представителей того же круга благодаря иному происхождению и уникальному опыту, приобретенному в юности. Важное направление исследования особенностей его мировоззрения – анализ понятийного аппарата, используемого этим автором. В частности, необычный смысл у него приобретали понятия, связанные с «новизной» в контексте публичной репрезентации власти. Государи из династии Оттонов в середине Х в. совсем недавно утвердились на престоле, соответственно, акцентировать мотив «новизны» в репрезентации власти могло казаться нежелательным намеком на шаткость их положения. Однако, несмотря на это, Лиутпранд писал о «новизне» с положительными коннотациями, противопоставляя ее «ветхости» как свидетельству духовного упадка политических противников. В то же время историограф предполагал возможность соединения «новизны» с древней символической традицией в тех случаях, когда это было необходимо для прославления самого Оттона I.
ФАНТАЗИИ И ЗАБЛУЖДЕНИЯ В ФИЗИКЕ: О ПАРАДОКСАХ ТЕОРИИ ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНОСТИ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Иванов Ю.Н.
Published: September 2021

Вниманию читателей нашего журнала предлагается статья, в которой в популярной форме представлен альтернативный взгляд на теорию относительности Альберта Эйнштейна. Её автор Ю.Н. Иванов – действительный член РАЕН, основоположник новой теории “ритмодинамики”, объясняющей движение не как результат воздействия внешних сил, приложенных к объекту, а как следствие изменения его внутренней структуры и фазочастотных характеристик, которые могут быть скорректированы любым дистанционным способом или за счёт самонастройки динамических параметров объекта. На этом принципе автором были построены модели некоторых самодвижущихся объектов, а также обосновано применение этого принципа для безопорного движения в космической среде. При этом обосновании особое значение имеет новый подход к проблемам гравитации, который автор излагает на принципах классической механики и понятия “физического вакуума”, не прибегая, в отличие от теории относительности А. Эйнштейна, к математической казуистике искривления пространства – времени. Несмотря на определённую спорность такого подхода, версия Ю.Н. Иванова имеет право на существование и на дискуссионное рассмотрение на страницах журнала. Ибо основанная на этом ритмодинамика имеет потенциально очень широкие возможности для реализации нового принципа движения.
The Association between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Tax Avoidance: Evidence from Philippine
Authors: Santoso Eko Budi , Laturette Kazia , Mastan Stanislaus Adnanto
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the association between corporate social responsibility disclosure and tax avoidance as allocations of corporate resources to the stakeholders, other than the shareholders. The study aims to examine whether companies that are actively disclosing their social responsibility are also behaving ethically in their financial aspect. Specifically, this study investigates whether companies with good social responsibility will also behave responsibly in their taxation aspect by reducing tax avoidance practices. The study is conducted in a developing country, namely the Philippines, where the sample group is obtained from go-public companies listed on the Philippine stock exchange during the 2014-2019 period that published sustainability reports. The results show there is a negative association between corporate social responsibility disclosure with tax avoidance. This shows that corporate tax practice is part of social responsibility actions.
An Analysis for Conservative and Non-conservative f(R, T) Gravity Models
Authors: Can Diyadin , Güdekli Ertan
Published: September 2021

As it is known that General Theory of Relativity does not explain the current acceleration of the universe, so there are many attempts to generalize this theory in order to explain the cosmic acceleration without introducing some dark components such as the Dark Energy. Because of the crowd of models in literature, a need to check the models according to some criteria arises. In this study, we analyze two classes of models by means of energy condition restrictions and illustrate the analysis of those classes by graphical simulations. We consider the conservative and non-conservative cases of two classes of  models to perform the analysis. The results of the viability of the classes are discussed and it is found that the value of the Hubble constant has no effect on the viability of the models. Focusing on some general classes for the models, we restrict them by means of the so-called energy conditions the energy-momentum tensor on physical grounds. Besides, we find numerical values for coefficients of those classes of models.
Birds in Agroforestry Systems of Ayodhya District, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: -Ulman Yashmita
Published: September 2021

With the fast depletion of area under forest cover due to various anthropogenic factors, it is important that conservation of wild fauna must be focused in human-dominated landscapes such as agroforestry systems. It important to understand the bird diversity of agroforestry systems to develop a baseline to formulate policies encouraging trees in agricultural fields. Fixed radius point counts were placed across the agroforestry systems in Ayodhya district, Uttar Pradesh to determine the diversity and distribution of birds in these systems. A total of 148 bird species belonging to 53 families and 16 orders were recorded from the study area. Passeriformes (76) had the maximum number of bird species. Omnivore (51%) was the dominant feeding guild. According to their residential status, the maximum bird species were resident (76%), followed by winter visitors (21%) and summer visitors (3%). Out of the 148 bird species recorded, eight species were in the threatened category of IUCN Red List and 28 species were rarely sighted birds. This result proves that the agroforestry systems provide a good habitat for the terrestrial as well as waterbirds thus, highlighting the conservation value of this system. Such land use types must therefore be promoted and widely practiced all across the state.
Knowledge and Practices on Risk Factors and Prevention of Varicose Vein among Operation Room Nurses of the Selected Hospitals
Authors: Paulsamy Premalatha , Alshahrani Shadia Hamoud , Sampayan Eva Lobelle E. , Qureshi Absar Ahmed , Venkatesan Krishnaraju , Sethuraj Pranave
Published: September 2021

Lower-limb varicose veins (VVs) are frequent, and they're known to be more common in persons who work in jobs that require a lot of standing. Because nursing demands physical labour and lengthy periods of standing, women in this profession are at a higher risk of getting varicose veins. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and practices on risk factors and prevention of varicose vein among operation room nurses of the selected hospitals. A cross-sectional research design was used among registered nursing staff working in operation rooms of the selected hospitals. The convenient sampling technique was used to select fifty nurses. A structured pre-tested, validated tool was developed by the investigators to collect data from the nurses which include demographic as well as knowledge and practice variables of varicose veins. The findings of the present study show that 26% of nurses had inadequate knowledge and 14% of operation room nurses had poor practices. Also, there was a positive correlation between the knowledge and practice of nurses (r = 0.71). There was significant association for practice skills score with education and years of experience at p=0.05. The study concludes that to prevent occupational hazards in nursing, periodic health education and health promotion initiatives must be implemented.
Role of cellular prion protein in splenic CD4+ T cell differentiation in cerebral ischaemic/reperfusion
Authors: Zhang Baizhuo , Yin Xiang , Lang Yue , Han Xiaoou , Shao Jie , Bai Rongrong , Cui Li
Published: September 2021

Objective

Cellular prion protein (PrPC), the primary form of prion diseases pathogen, has received increasing attention for its protective effect against ischaemic stroke. Little is known about its role in peripheral immune responses after cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study is to detect the variation of splenic CD4+ T lymphocytes differentiation and the concentration of inflammatory cytokines after murine cerebral I/R injury in the context of PRNP expression as well as its influence on the ischaemic neuronal apoptosis.

Methods

We established the cerebral ischaemic murine model of different PRNP genotypes. We detected the percentage of splenic CD4+PrPC+ T cells of PRNP wild‐type mice and the ratio of splenic Th1/2/17 lymphocytes of mice of different PRNP expression. The relevant inflammatory cytokines were then measured. Oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) HT22 mouse hippocampal neurons were co‐cultured with the T‐cell‐conditioned medium harvested from the spleen of modelled mice and then the neuronal apoptosis was detected.

Results

CD4+ PrPC+ T lymphocytes in wild‐type mice elevated after MCAO/R. PRNP expression deficiency led to an elevation of Th1/17 phenotypes and the promotion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, while PRNP overexpression led to the elevation of Th2 phenotype and upregulation of anti‐inflammatory cytokines. In addition, PrPC‐overexpressed CD4+T cells weakened the apoptosis of OGD/R HT‐22 murine hippocampal neurons caused by MCAO/R CD4+ T‐cell‐conditioned medium, while PrPC deficiency enhanced apoptosis.

Interpretation

PrPC works as a neuron protector in the CNS when I/R injury occurs and affects the peripheral immune responses and defends against stroke‐induced neuronal apoptosis.
Anomalous Dimensionality‐Driven Phase Transition of MoTe2 in Van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Ryu Huije , Lee Yangjin , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Kang Seoung‐Hun , Kang Yoongu , Kim Kangwon , Kim Jungcheol , Janicek Blanka E. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Huang Pinshane Y. , Cheong Hyeonsik , Jung In‐Ho , Kim Kwanpyo , Son Young‐Woo , Lee Gwan‐Hyoung
Published: September 2021

Phase transition in nanomaterials is distinct from that in 3D bulk materials owing to the dominant contribution of surface energy. Among nanomaterials, 2D materials have shown unique phase transition behaviors due to their larger surface‐to‐volume ratio, high crystallinity, and lack of dangling bonds in atomically thin layers. Here, the anomalous dimensionality‐driven phase transition of molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is reported. After encapsulation annealing, single‐crystal 2H‐MoTe2 transformed into polycrystalline Td‐MoTe2 with tilt‐angle grain boundaries of 60°‐glide‐reflection and 120°‐twofold rotation. In contrast to conventional nanomaterials, the hBN‐encapsulated MoTe2 exhibit a deterministic dependence of the phase transition on the number of layers, in which the thinner MoTe2 has a higher 2H‐to‐Td phase transition temperature. In addition, the vertical and lateral phase transitions of the stacked MoTe2 with different crystalline orientations can be controlled by inserted graphene layers and the thickness of the heterostructure. Finally, it is shown that seamless Td contacts for 2H‐MoTe2 transistors can be fabricated by using the dimensionality‐driven phase transition. The work provides insight into the phase transition of 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures and illustrates a novel method for the fabrication of multi‐phase 2D electronics.
Ultralow Thermal Conductivity, Multiband Electronic Structure and High Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in TlCuSe
Authors: Lin Wenwen , He Jiangang , Su Xianli , Zhang Xiaomi , Xia Yi , Bailey Trevor P. , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Tan Ganjian , Rettie Alexander J. E. , Chung Duck Young , Dravid Vinayak P. , Uher Ctirad , Wolverton Chris , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: September 2021

The entanglement of lattice thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient complicates the process of optimizing thermoelectric performance in most thermoelectric materials. Semiconductors with ultralow lattice thermal conductivities and high power factors at the same time are scarce but fundamentally interesting and practically important for energy conversion. Herein, an intrinsic p‐type semiconductor TlCuSe that has an intrinsically ultralow thermal conductivity (0.25 W m−1 K−1), a high power factor (11.6 µW cm−1 K−2), and a high figure of merit, ZT (1.9) at 643 K is described. The weak chemical bonds, originating from the filled antibonding orbitals p‐d* within the edge‐sharing CuSe4 tetrahedra and long TlSe bonds in the PbClF‐type structure, in conjunction with the large atomic mass of Tl lead to an ultralow sound velocity. Strong anharmonicity, coming from Tl+ lone‐pair electrons, boosts phonon–phonon scattering rates and further suppresses lattice thermal conductivity. The multiband character of the valence band structure contributing to power factor enhancement benefits from the lone‐pair electrons of Tl+ as well, which modify the orbital character of the valence bands, and pushes the valence band maximum off the Γ‐point, increasing the band degeneracy. The results provide new insight on the rational design of thermoelectric materials.