bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No controverso desafio da educação inclusiva: Um convite para pensar a complexidade humana
Authors: Strieder Roque , Nogaro Arnaldo
Published: July 2016

O estudo reconhece que fazer educação inclusiva exige olhar o ser humano de modo singular em contextos multidimensionais. Nessa perspectiva chama para a discussão a fragilidade do reconhecimento das diferenças e a importância da participação da filosofia da educação como catalizadora dos debates sobre a educação inclusiva. O objetivo é investigar possíveis contribuições da filosofia da educação como desafio para uma melhor compreensão de como ações inclusivas podem ser potencializadas no universo da complexidade e das atitudes transdisciplinares. O estudo tem caráter qualitativo e busca em referenciais teóricos. Traz suportes teóricos sobre a atitude transdisciplinar e as possibilidades, no universo dessas atitudes, de uma contribuição para qualificar reflexões e ações inclusivas. Reconhece que a educação inclusiva existe em potencial e lhe falta atualização. Destaca que a transdisciplinaridade e a filosofia da educação podem conduzir as reflexões para reconhecer a complexidade da condição humana para depois olhar para o interior de si buscando compreender-se a partir do outro.PALAVRAS-CHAVEEducação inclusiva; Filosofia da educação; Transdisciplinaridade ABSTRACTThe text recognizes that to make inclusive education requires viewing thehuman  being  in  a  unique  way  in  multidimensional  contexts.  From  this perspective,  it  calls  for  the  discussion  the  fragility  of  the  recognition  of differences  and  the  importance  of  the  participation  of  the  philosophy  of education as a catalyst for discussions on inclusive education. The goal is investigate  possible  contributions  of  the  philosophy  of  education  as  a challenge  for  a  better  understanding  of  how  inclusive  actions  can  be potentialized in the universe of complexity and transdisciplinary actions. The text brings theoretical contributions on the transdisciplinary attitude and the possibilities,  in  the  universe  of  these  attitudes,  to  qualify  reflections  and inclusive actions. It recognizes that inclusive education exists in potential but it  lacks  updating.  It  highlights  that  transdisciplinarity  and  philosophy  of education can lead the reflections to recognize the complexity of the human condition  so  that  one  can  look  within  him/herself  seeking  a  better understanding from the other.KEYWORDSInclusive education; Philosophy of education; Transdisciplinarity
Editorial
Authors: Moreira Maria Alfredo , Casa-Nova Maria José
Published: July 2016

Número 29, volume 1, 2016
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN E-LEARNING TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SD NEGERI TAHUNAN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Ibrahim Doni Septumarsa , Suardiman Siti Partini
Published: July 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh penggunaan e-learning terhadap motivasi dan prestasi belajar matematika siswa SD Negeri Tahunan Yogyakarta. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa SD Negeri Tahunan Yogyakarta dengan sampel siswa kelas IVA dan IVB yang berjumlah 66 siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Mei sampai dengan bulan Juni tahun 2012. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan posttest-only control-group design. Statistik analisis uji t digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata dua buah kelompok dan uji T2 Hotteling’s Trace untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan e-learning terhadap motivasi dan prestasi belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil uji t dapat diketahui motivasi belajar siswa menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,008 atau lebih kecil dari α 5% dan prestasi belajar siswa menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,003 atau lebih kecil dari α 5% yang berarti bahwa: Ada perbedaan motivasi dan prestasi belajar matematika siswa menggunakan e-learning di SD Negeri Tahunan Yogyakarta. Berdasarkan hasil uji T2 Hotteling’s Trace diketahui nilai signifikasi sebesar 0,001 atau lebih kecil dari α 5% dan rata-rata skor angket untuk motivasi belajar siswa kelompok eksperimen sebesar 74,03 dan kelompok kontrol sebesar 70,42 dan rata-rata skor tes untuk prestasi belajar siswa kelompok eksperimen sebesar 15,45 dan kelompok kontrol sebesar 12,09 yang berarti bahwa ada pengaruh positif penggunaan e-learning terhadap motivasi dan prestasi belajar siswa di SD Negeri Tahunan Yogyakarta.
Kata kunci : e-learning, motivasi, prestasi
PENINGKATAN PENGUASAAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INGGRIS MELALUI MEDIA ANAGRAM DALAM METODE KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT
Authors: Barnaba Hengki Yudha , Tou Asruddin Barori
Published: July 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata bahasa Inggris siswa kelas IV SDN Sagan Yogyakarta menggunakan media anagram dalam metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilak-sanakan dalam  dua siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV yang berjumlah 25 orang. Jenis tindakan yang diterapkan adalah media anagram dalam metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT. Tindakan dilaksanakan dalam empat tahapan yaitu, tahap presentasi kelas, tahap diskusi kelompok, tahap permainan turnamen, dan yang terakhir tahap penghargaan kelompok. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, tes hasil belajar, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan media anagram dalam metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dapat meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Sagan Yogyakarta.
Kata kunci: penguasaan kosakata, media anagram, pembelajaran kooperatif, Teams Games Tournament.
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: From “Guidelines” to “Position Statements” and Back
Authors: Mosenzon Ofri , Pollack Rena , Raz Itamar
Published: July 2016

Given the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes worldwide, most patients are treated by their primary health care team (PHCT). PHCTs need guidance in choosing the best treatment regimen for patients, since the number of glucose-lowering agents (GLAs) is rapidly increasing, as is the amount of clinical data regarding these drugs. The American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes Position Statement emphasizes the importance of personalized treatment and lists drug efficacy, risk of hypoglycemia, effect on weight, side effects, and cost as important parameters to consider when choosing GLAs. The suggested Israeli guidelines refocus earlier international recommendations from 2012 and 2015, based on emerging data from cardiovascular outcome trials as well as what we believe are important issues for patient care (i.e., durability, hypoglycemia risk, and weight gain).
Hypoglycemia and Cardiovascular Risk: Is There a Major Link?
Authors: Hanefeld Markolf , Frier Brian M. , Pistrosch Frank
Published: July 2016

Severe hypoglycemia is recognized to be one of the strongest predictors of macrovascular events, adverse clinical outcomes, and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it is uncertain whether a direct pathophysiological link exists or whether hypoglycemia is primarily a marker of vulnerability to these events. Large clinical trials have reported an increased hazard ratio for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe hypoglycemia, but such an association has not been demonstrated in prospective trials of people with type 1 diabetes. Several cardiovascular effects occur during hypoglycemia either as a result of low blood glucose levels per se or through activation of the sympathoadrenal response: hemodynamic changes with an increase in cardiac work load and potential attenuation of myocardial perfusion, electrophysiological changes that may be arrhythmogenic, induction of a prothrombotic state, and release of inflammatory markers. Although the potential for a causal relationship has been demonstrated in mechanistic studies, the evidence from large prospective studies that hypoglycemia is a major causal contributor to cardiovascular events is limited to date. Other preexisting cardiovascular risk factors in addition to hypoglycemia may be the major link to the final cardiovascular event, but a low blood glucose level can trigger these events in patients with a high cardiovascular risk.
What Should Be the Target Blood Pressure in Elderly Patients With Diabetes?
Authors: Solini Anna , Grossman Ehud
Published: July 2016

Hypertension is very common in elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes. The coexistence of hypertension and diabetes can be devastating to the cardiovascular system, and in these patients, tight blood pressure (BP) control is particularly beneficial. Little information is available regarding the target BP levels in elderly hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes, and therefore extrapolation from data in the general population should be done. However, it is difficult to extrapolate from the general population to these frail individuals, who usually have isolated systolic hypertension, comorbidities, organ damage, cardiovascular disease, and renal failure and have a high rate of orthostatic and postprandial hypotension. On the basis of the available evidence, we provide arguments supporting the individualized approach in these patients. Target BP should be based on concomitant diseases, orthostatic BP changes, and the general condition of the patients. It is recommended to lower BP in the elderly patient with diabetes to <140–150/90 mmHg, providing the patient is in good condition. In patients with isolated systolic hypertension, the same target is reasonable providing the diastolic BP is >60 mmHg. In patients with coronary artery disease and in patients with orthostatic hypotension, excessive BP lowering should be avoided. In elderly hypertensive patients with diabetes, BP levels should be monitored closely in the sitting and the standing position, and the treatment should be tailored to prevent excessive fall in BP.
When Intensive Insulin Therapy (MDI) Fails in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Switching to GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Versus Insulin Pump
Authors: Cohen Ohad , Filetti Sebastiano , Castañeda Javier , Maranghi Marianna , Glandt Mariela
Published: July 2016

Treatment with insulin, alone or with oral or injectable hypoglycemic agents, is becoming increasingly common in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, approximately 40% of patients fail to reach their glycemic targets with the initially prescribed regimen and require intensification of insulin therapy, which increases the risks of weight gain and hypoglycemia. Many of these patients eventually reach a state in which further increases in the insulin dosage fail to improve glycemic control while increasing the risks of weight gain and hypoglycemia. The recently completed OpT2mise clinical trial showed that continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is more effective in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) than intensification of multiple daily injection (MDI) insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who do not respond to intensive insulin therapy. CSII therapy may also be useful in patients who do not reach glycemic targets despite multidrug therapy with basal-bolus insulin and other agents, including glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists; current guidelines offer no recommendations for the treatment of such patients. Importantly, insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonists have complementary effects on glycemia and, hence, can be used either sequentially or in combination in the initial management of diabetes. Patients who have not previously failed GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy may show reduction in weight and insulin dose, in addition to moderate improvement in HbA1c, when GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy is added to MDI regimens. In subjects with long-standing type 2 diabetes who do not respond to intensive insulin therapies, switching from MDI to CSII and/or the addition of GLP-1 receptor agonists to MDI have the potential to improve glycemic control without increasing the risk of adverse events.
Topographical and tribological characterization of some ceramic and stainless steel brackets
Authors: Merie Violeta , Ţărmure Viorica , Haragâş Simion , Pop Andreea
Published: July 2016

Brackets, together with the arch wires, are widely used in orthodontics in order to align and to straighten teeth and also to position the teeth with regard to the patient bite. Different materials are employed for manufacturing such orthodontic devices. This paper is a study of two types of brackets. Commercial stainless steel and ceramic brackets were investigated by atomic force microscopy analyses. The tests were performed at room temperature with a relative humidity of 13 %. The topography and the friction parameters of the investigated brackets were determined at nanoscale. The results pointed out that the ceramic brackets are characterized by higher values of both topographical and frictional parameters (average roughness, friction force and friction coefficient) in comparison to the stainless steel brackets.
All for a Container! Return Migration, Transport Technologies, and Love Affairs
Authors: Jedlowski Alessandro
Published: July 2016

This article analyzes the articulation between mobility and technology within
life trajectories marked by migration, exile, and the search for economic
achievement. It does so by focusing on a Nigerian couple’s (attempted) itinerary
of return migration from Italy to Nigeria, and on the tensions that surround
the role played by a specific transport technology, the shipping container,
within this process. It highlights how, throughout the itinerary that brings the
container from Italy to Nigeria, its social meaning and that of the cargo stored
in it become the center of a series of tense interactions, in which diverging
imaginaries about transnational mobility, migration, and life abroad come to
the fore, and provoke radical transformations in the life of the people involved
in the itinerary of the container itself.
Safety of Radial vs. Femoral Artery Access in Coronary Angiography
Authors: Kabir CM Shaheen , Haq M Maksumul , Khan Saidur Rahman , Chowdhury Mashhud Zia , Ali Mohammad Liaquat , Karim Md Rezaul
Published: July 2016

Background: To evaluate the safety of radial versus femoral artery approach in routine coronary angiography (CAG) practice.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients in Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute, a tertiary care centre, who underwent diagnostic CAG over a period of 12 months. Procedure duration was calculated as time from initiation of local anesthesia to completion of the procedure. Contrast volume and fluoroscopy time were recorded.Results: 3346 patients who underwent a diagnostic CAG were included in this study. The radial approach was used in 3030 patients (90.5%) and the femoral approach in 316 patients (9.5%). As the radial group was disproportionately large compared to femoral group the size of the radial group was reduced to 1010 using a systematic sampling procedure, where every 3rd patient of radial group was chosen.Fluoroscopy and procedural times were not significantly different (3.41±1.14 vs. 3.85±1.43 min, p=0.314 & 11.87±4.61 vs. 13.74±6.33 min, p=0.180, respectively) comparing the radial and femoral approaches. While contrast utilization during the procedure was significantly lower in the radial than the femoral approach (57.60±22.42 vs. 69.52±24.30 mL respectively, p=0.030).Conclusion: Transradial coronary angiography can be safely performed as the transfemoral approach.Bangladesh Heart Journal 2015; 30(2) : 68-73
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy with Ischemic Hepatitis, Thyroid Storm and Right-sided Pneumonia in a Patient of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report
Authors: Irfan SM Rezaul , Safdar AMB , Hossain Marufa , Mohibullah AKM
Published: July 2016

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in association with Diabetes mellitus and Thyroid storm is an extremely rare. Here we describe a young aged Bangladeshi lady, who admitted with progressive breathlessness, high grade intermittent fever, productive cough and altered level of consciousness in Coronary Care Unit. She was a diagnosed case of Diabetes Mellitus and Graves  disease but during her last pregnancy the patient voluntarily stopped taking anti-thyroid medication and delivered a healthy male baby through LUCS (two months before admission). After thorough clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations she was diagnosed as having Peripartum Cardiomyopathy, Thyroid Storm, Pneumonia and Metabolic Acidosis. Her condition improved by closely monitored therapy guided by team consisting of Cardiologists, Endocrinologists, Pulmonologists and Gynecologists. There are very few reports in the world which have depicted this unusual association.Bangladesh Heart Journal 2015; 30(2) : 87-91
Performance of some potato accessions of USA and Bangladesh in relation to dry matter yield and biochemical constituent
Authors: Mahamud MA , Chowdhury MAH , Rahim MA , Sheel PR
Published: July 2016

Present research was designed to evaluate the dry matter yield and biochemical constituents of twenty two potato accession of USA in comparison with two Bangladeshi varieties. Studied biochemical constituents were starch, protein and vitamin C contents. Analyses were performed from November 2014 to April 2015 in different laboratories of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Potato accessions differed significantly with respect to dry matter content and biochemical parameters. Dry mater content was found highest in accession AC 10110. Considering biochemical constituent, the accession AC 10062 showed highest protein and vitamin C contents. On the other hand, accession AC 10081 had the highest starch content. Significant positive correlation was observed between dry matter and starch content while significant negative correlation was observed between starch and protein contents. Considering both dry matter yield and biochemical parameters AC 10081 was found as the best USA potato accession for cultivation in Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(2): 215-220, December 2015
A WRF Simulation of an Episode of Contrails Covering the Entire Sky
Authors: Mazon Jordi , Pino David
Published: July 2016

On 21 September 2012 the entire sky was covered by contrails over the Gulf of Lyon (NW of the Mediterranean basin). These clouds were well recorded by ground observers as well as by Meteosat imagery. The atmospheric characteristics at the levels where these anthropic clouds formed are analyzed by performing a WRF simulation in the area where Meteosat recorded contrail clouds. According to the vertical profiles of temperature and the relative humidity respect to the ice (RHI), the environmental condition favors that the water vapor exhaust emitted by the aircraft engines reaches the deposition point and form crystal clouds, which spread out because the temperature remained below 230 K and the RHI was higher than 70% during the whole episode.
Understanding the Influence of Environment on Adults’ Walking Experiences: A Meta-Synthesis Study
Authors: Dadpour Sara , Pakzad Jahanshah , Khankeh Hamidreza
Published: July 2016

The environment has an important impact on physical activity, especially walking. The relationship between the environment and walking is not the same as for other types of physical activity. This study seeks to comprehensively identify the environmental factors influencing walking and to show how those environmental factors impact on walking using the experiences of adults between the ages of 18 and 65. The current study is a meta-synthesis based on a systematic review. Seven databases of related disciplines were searched, including health, transportation, physical activity, architecture, and interdisciplinary databases. In addition to the databases, two journals were searched. Of the 11,777 papers identified, 10 met the eligibility criteria and quality for selection. Qualitative content analysis was used for analysis of the results. The four themes identified as influencing walking were “safety and security”, “environmental aesthetics”, “social relations”, and “convenience and efficiency”. “Convenience and efficiency” and “environmental aesthetics” could enhance the impact of “social relations” on walking in some aspects. In addition, “environmental aesthetics” and “social relations” could hinder the influence of “convenience and efficiency” on walking in some aspects. Given the results of the study, strategies are proposed to enhance the walking experience.
Blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) Severity and Yield Loss in Canola in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Hwang Sheau-Fang , Strelkov Stephen , Peng Gary , Ahmed Hafiz , Zhou Qixing , Turnbull George
Published: July 2016

Blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is an important disease of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in Canada and throughout the world. Severe epidemics of blackleg can result in significant yield losses. Understanding disease-yield relationships is a prerequisite for measuring the agronomic efficacy and economic benefits of control methods. Field experiments were conducted in 2013, 2014, and 2015 to determine the relationship between blackleg disease severity and yield in a susceptible cultivar and in moderately resistant to resistant canola hybrids. Disease severity was lower, and seed yield was 120%–128% greater, in the moderately resistant to resistant hybrids compared with the susceptible cultivar. Regression analysis showed that pod number and seed yield declined linearly as blackleg severity increased. Seed yield per plant decreased by 1.8 g for each unit increase in disease severity, corresponding to a decline in yield of 17.2% for each unit increase in disease severity. Pyraclostrobin fungicide reduced disease severity in all site-years and increased yield. These results show that the reduction of blackleg in canola crops substantially improves yields.
Rapid Mercury(II) Removal by Electrospun Sulfur Copolymers
Authors: Thielke Michael , Bultema Lindsey , Brauer Daniel , Richter Bernadette , Fischer Markus , Theato Patrick
Published: July 2016

Electrospinning was performed with a blend of commercially available poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and a sulfur-rich copolymer based on poly(sulfur-statistical-diisopropenylbenzene), which was synthesized via inverse vulcanization. The polysulfide backbone of sulfur-containing polymers is known to bind mercury from aqueous solutions and can be utilized for recycling water. Increasing the surface area by electrospinning can maximize the effect of binding mercury regarding the rate and maximum uptake. These fibers showed a mercury decrease of more than 98% after a few seconds and a maximum uptake of 440 mg of mercury per gram of electrospun fibers. These polymeric fibers represent a new class of efficient water filtering systems that show one of the highest and fastest mercury uptakes for electrospun fibers reported.
Detecting Adulterated Commercial Sweet Sorghum Syrups with Ion Chromatography Oligosaccharide Fingerprint Profiles
Authors: Eggleston Gillian , Wartelle Lynda , St. Cyr Eldwin
Published: July 2016

Some commercial sweet sorghum syrups can be fraudulently or accidently adulterated with inexpensive sugar syrups, particularly high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or corn syrup, and sold at a relatively low market price or even mis-branded. This undermines the economic stability of the current small-scale producers of food-grade sweet sorghum syrup as well as the developing large-scale bioproduct industry. An analytical method is urgently needed to evaluate adulterated commercial sweet sorghum syrups. Ion chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection (IC-IPAD) has been previously used to differentiate white, refined sugars manufactured from sugarcane and sugar beet. By applying a strong IC-IPAD NaOH/NaOAc gradient method over 45 min, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and oligosaccharide isomers of at least 2 to 12 dp, as well as sugar alcohols can be detected in multiple commercial sweet sorghum and other sugar syrups. Fingerprint IC oligosaccharide profiles are extremely selective, sensitive, and reliable. By using five characteristic marker chromatography peaks of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), including isomaltose, maltose and maltotriose, in combination with a low sucrose peak, adulterated and mis-branded syrups were identified. The analysis of 7.0 Brix blind syrup samples, marker peaks allowed the detection of as low as 10% HFCS adulteration, which is within the lower limit of adulteration before action is taken.
First Application of Robot Teaching in an Existing Industry 4.0 Environment: Does It Really Work?
Authors: Weiss Astrid , Huber Andreas , Minichberger Jürgen , Ikeda Markus
Published: July 2016

This article reports three case studies on the usability and acceptance of an industrial robotic prototype in the context of human-robot cooperation. The three case studies were conducted in the framework of a two-year project named AssistMe, which aims at developing different means of interaction for programming and using collaborative robots in a user-centered manner. Together with two industrial partners and a technological partner, two different application scenarios were implemented and studied with an off-the-shelf robotic system. The operators worked with the robotic prototype in laboratory conditions (two days), in a factory context (one day) and in an automotive assembly line (three weeks). In the article, the project and procedures are described in detail, including the quantitative and qualitative methodology. Our results show that close human-robot cooperation in the industrial context needs adaptive pacing mechanisms in order to avoid a change of working routines for the operators and that an off-the-shelf robotic system is still limited in terms of usability and acceptance. The touch panel, which is needed for controlling the robot, had a negative impact on the overall user experience. It creates a further intermediate layer between the user, the robot and the work piece and potentially leads to a decrease in productivity. Finally, the fear of the worker of being replaced by an improved robotic system was regularly expressed and adds an additional anthropocentric dimension to the discussion of human-robot cooperation, smart factories and the upcoming Industry 4.0.
Drinking and Cleaning Water Use in a Dairy Cow Barn
Authors: Krauß Michael , Drastig Katrin , Prochnow Annette , Rose-Meierhöfer Sandra , Kraatz Simone
Published: July 2016

Water is used in dairy farming for producing feed, watering the animals, and cleaning and disinfecting barns and equipment. The objective of this study was to investigate the drinking and cleaning water use in a dairy cow barn. The water use was measured on a well-managed commercial dairy farm in North-East Germany. Thirty-eight water meters were installed in a barn with 176 cows and two milking systems (an automatic milking system and a herringbone parlour). Their counts were logged hourly over 806 days. On average, the cows in the automatic milking system used 91.1 (SD 14.3) L drinking water per cow per day, while those in the herringbone parlour used 54.4 (SD 5.3) L per cow per day. The cows drink most of the water during the hours of (natural and artificial) light in the barn. Previously published regression functions of drinking water intake of the cows were reviewed and a new regression function based on the ambient temperature and the milk yield was developed (drinking water intake (L per cow per day) = −27.937 + 0.49 × mean temperature + 3.15 × milk yield (R2 = 0.67)). The cleaning water demand had a mean of 28.6 (SD 14.8) L per cow per day in the automatic milking system, and a mean of 33.8 (SD 14.1) L per cow per day in the herringbone parlour. These findings show that the total technical water use in the barn makes only a minor contribution to water use in dairy farming compared with the water use for feed production.
Geschlechts spezifische Unterschiede in der absoluten myokardialen Perfusion
Authors: Kies Peter , Schäfers Klaus , Breithardt Günter , Schober Otmar , Wichter Thomas , Schäfers Michael , Range Felix
Published: July 2016

Aim: To investigate sex differences in myocardial perfusion especially in healthy individuals since former studies are rare and findings are controversial. Participants, methods: 26 subjects were enrolled: 16 healthy women (age: 34 ±7 years) were compared with 10 healthy men (age: 34 ± 3 years; p = ns). Myocardial blood flow (MBF) and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) were quantified at rest, during adenosine infusion and cold-pressor-testing, using positron emission tomography and radioactive-labelled water (H2
15O-PET). Results: Women showed higher MBF than men at rest (1.10 ± 0.18 vs. 0.85 ± 0.20 ml/min/ml; p = 0.003) and cold-stress (1.39 ± 0.38 vs. 1.06 ± 0.28 ml/min/ml; p = 0.026). Corrected for rate-pressure-product, baseline findings maintained significance (1.41 ± 0.33 vs. 1.16 ± 0.19 ml/min/ml; p = 0.024). CVR was lower in women at baseline (81 ± 14 vs. 107 ± 22 mmHg*ml-1*min*ml; p = 0.006) and during cold-pressor-testing (71 ± 17 vs. 91 ± 20 mmHg*ml-1*min*ml; p = 0.013). Under adenosine neither maximal MBF (4.06 ± 1.0 vs. 3.91 ± 0.88 ml/min/ml; p = ns) nor coronary flow reserve (3.07 ± 1.12 vs. 3.44 ± 0.92; p = ns) nor CVR (24 ± 8 vs. 24 ± 6 mmHg*ml-1*min*ml; p = ns) showed sex-related differences. Conclusion: Women show higher myocardial perfusion and lower coronary vascular resistance than men in physiologic states. Maximum perfusion and vasodilation under adenosine are not sex-specific.
NO gas sensing at room temperature using single titanium oxide nanodot sensors created by atomic force microscopy nanolithography
Authors: Hong Li-Yang , Lin Heh-Nan
Published: July 2016

In this work, the fabrication of single titanium oxide nanodot (ND) resistive sensors for NO gas sensing at room temperature is reported. Two atomic force microscopy nanolithography methods, nanomachining and nano-oxidation, are employed. A single titanium nanowire (NW) is created first along with contact electrodes and a single titanium oxide ND is subsequently produced in the NW. Gas sensing is realized by the photo-activation and the photo-recovery approaches. It is found that a sensor with a smaller ND has better performance than a larger one. A response of 31%, a response time of 91 s, and a recovery time of 184 s have been achieved at a concentration of 10 ppm for a ND with a size of around 80 nm. The present work demonstrates the potential application of single metal oxide NDs for gas sensing with a performance that is comparable with that of metal oxide nanowire gas sensors.
Biosynthesis of oxygen and nitrogen-containing heterocycles in polyketides
Authors: Hemmerling Franziska , Hahn Frank
Published: July 2016

This review highlights the biosynthesis of heterocycles in polyketide natural products with a focus on oxygen and nitrogen-containing heterocycles with ring sizes between 3 and 6 atoms. Heterocycles are abundant structural elements of natural products from all classes and they often contribute significantly to their biological activity. Progress in recent years has led to a much better understanding of their biosynthesis. In this context, plenty of novel enzymology has been discovered, suggesting that these pathways are an attractive target for future studies.
Chimie, chimistes et rationalisation sous les auspices du ministre du Commerce et de l’Industrie Étienne Clémentel (1917-1919)
Authors: Letté Michel
Published: July 2016

L’expression « guerre chimique » associée à la première guerre mondiale ne l’est pas seulement du fait de l’usage des gaz de combat sur le champ de bataille, mais aussi du fait de l’importance des chimistes engagés dans la conduite de la guerre industrielle. Pour nombre d’entre eux mobilisés par le ministère du Commerce et de l’Industrie, le conflit est l’occasion de collaborer à la préparation économique de l’après-guerre. Entre 1917 et 1919, ces chimistes partisans d’une gestion technocratique de la politique industrielle s’associent à Étienne Clémentel, l’un des principaux acteurs de l’économie en guerre. Ensemble, ils élaborent un programme de refondation de la production française. Le projet est porté par la conviction qu’il n’y a pas d’autre voie possible que celle dans laquelle s’est engagée l’Allemagne avant guerre : rationaliser la production, faire collaborer les scientifiques, l’administration et les industriels. Cet article retrace l’action de ces chimistes promoteurs de la rationalisation. Il rend compte de leurs actions à la direction du Comité consultatif des arts et manufactures, du congrès du Génie civil, de la Société de chimie industrielle, et enfin à la rédaction du Rapport général sur l’industrie française .
The Role of Dust Fractions of Rapeseed Meal in the Wear of Cargo Handling System
Authors: Bojanowska Milena , Chmiel Jarosław , Pańcyk Krzysztof
Published: July 2016

The role of powdery fractions of rapeseed meal in the development of wear and destruction of cargo handling systems was showed. The physicochemical characteristic of rapeseed meal was studied. The results of research on the participation of powdery fractions in the wear of tribological nodes were presented. It has been found that the presence of the fraction containing the pieces of seed coat accelerates erosion processes. The smallest fractions < 75 μm stabilized the oil film and can reduce the intensity of wear of the friction. The role of powdery fractions in the initiation of dust – air mixtures explosion was presented.
Cavitation Wear of CuZn10 Alloy in As-Cast State and after Plastic Working and Annealing
Authors: Jasionowski Robert , Polkowski Wojciech , Zasada Dariusz
Published: July 2016

Copper alloys due to their very good corrosion properties are often used to a fabrication of components that are subjected to both a cavitational destruction and a corrosive action of an environment, e.g.. ships’ propellers, sliding elements, pump parts etc. The course of cavitational destruction depends mainly on a material’s structure (a grain size, a type of inclusions, morphology and phase distribution, etc.) but also on the load distribution, and a possible activity of chemical, electrochemical and thermal processes near cavitation bubbles. Properties of a material that is subjected to the cavitational damage are strongly affected by its structure formed upon manufacturing or applied processing. In the present paper, results of the cavitational resistance analysis of CuZn10 alloy in the as cast state (the grain size of 200 μm) and after thermomechanical processing (the grain size of 10 or 200 μm) evaluated on vibrational laboratory stand in accordance with ASTM G-32 standard, are shown.
Visual Representation of Body Shape in African-American and European American Women: Clinical Considerations
Authors: Capers Patrice L. , Kinsey Amber W. , Miskell Edrika L. , Affuso Olivia
Published: July 2016

Background

Body mass index (BMI) has been used widely among clinicians to assess obesity in their patients due to its ease and availability. However, BMI has some diagnostic limitations and other measures related to health risks; in particular, body shape may be of greater relevance to health outcomes.

Objective

The objective of this study was to illustrate the importance of body shape assessments above and beyond BMI and its relationship to health risk among a sample of African-American and European American women.

Methods

African-American and European American women aged 19–78 years ( n = 552) in Birmingham, Alabama, were recruited and stratified by menopausal status (ie, pre- or postmenopausal). Pictorial body shapes were derived from digital photographs, while body fat distribution defined by android-gynoid ratio (AGR) and body composition were obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results

Images of BMI and age-matched women illustrate variability in fat distribution. Among both menopausal status groups, more than 50% of women had a pear body shape (AGR < 1). An apple body shape was associated with higher odds of having diabetes (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–9.3), hypertension (unadjusted OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 2.0–4.7), and high cholesterol (unadjusted OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.8–5.1).

Conclusion

Use of visual cues alongside traditional methods of weight status assessment may help to facilitate weight management conversations between physicians and female patients. However, next steps should include the validation of visual assessments of body shape in women for use by physicians.
A Block Diagonal Preconditioner for Generalised Saddle Point Problems
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Zhang Guo Feng
Published: July 2016

A lopsided alternating direction iteration (LADI) method and an induced block diagonal preconditioner for solving block two-by-two generalised saddle point problems are presented. The convergence of the LADI method is analysed, and the block diagonal preconditioner can accelerate the convergence rates of Krylov subspace iteration methods such as GMRES. Our new preconditioned method only requires a solver for two linear equation sub-systems with symmetric and positive definite coefficient matrices. Numerical experiments show that the GMRES with the new preconditioner is quite effective.
Numerical Solution to the Multi-Term Time Fractional Diffusion Equation in a Finite Domain
Authors: Li Gongsheng , Sun Chunlong , Jia Xianzheng , Du Dianhu
Published: July 2016

This paper deals with numerical solution to the multi-term time fractional diffusion equation in a finite domain. An implicit finite difference scheme is established based on Caputo's definition to the fractional derivatives, and the upper and lower bounds to the spectral radius of the coefficient matrix of the difference scheme are estimated, with which the unconditional stability and convergence are proved. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis, and the method and technique can also be applied to other kinds of time/space fractional diffusion equations.
An Attempt at a Logical Refutation of Descartes’ Cogito Ergo Sum
Authors: Ebeh John Igbogo
Published: July 2016

In the development of Greek philosophy, the focus of the ancient philosophers on realities, trying to determine the ultimate principle of all things, begs the question as to what part or extent of reality is assessable to man’s knowledge. And a kind of skepticism was born, shifting the attention from the object [or the realities on which the ancient philosophers were focused on] to the observing or the knowing subject; man and the means through which he comes into contact with the known object. Thus, the possibility of attaining certain knowledge about realities was denied by the skeptics, giving the unreliable nature of the means by which such knowledge were acquired and the complexities of realities as powerful premises for their conclusion until the emergence of Descartes’ cogito ergo sum, proving that there was something that could be known for certain using their [or the skeptic’s] own method [doubting] to prove to them that in their own doubting, they confirm their own existence. This paper is concerned with whether or not the cogito is a suitable premise for the conclusion [“existence”] of his argument. However, my aim in this work is, not to refuse the truth of the existence of any reality, rather to show the inadequacies of Descartes’ argument for them, with particular focus on the context within which his argument proceeds, which might require a bit of logical analysis; perhaps to arrive at a better conclusion for his premises.
A study of the origin of an indigenous community in central Nigeria: interrogating Akpoto-Igala phenomenon
Authors: Abdullahi M. Yusufu
Published: July 2016

The Igala lives in a deciduous forest belt to the south and open savannah vegetation to the north. They occupy a triangular tract of land located at the confluence of rivers Niger and Benue. The Igala, like many other ethnic groups in Nigeria, holds several myths and traditions concerning their probable place of origin. Various attempts at tracing the origin of the people have elicited as many traditions as are scholars who attempted to unravel the origin of the people. This paper is therefore, an attempt to examine the various arguments on the origin and the place of Akpoto in the traditions of the people.
Human trafficking: a variant of the historic slave trade in contemporary Nigeria
Authors: Emanemua Adebowale Bandele
Published: July 2016

Human trafficking is as old as human existence and civilisation. It dates back to the time of old kingdoms where captivities of conquered empires were taking from into slavery and compelled to serve kings and princes of foreign kingdoms. This practice later changed to the sales of recalcitrant or sickly captives to other powerful kings that needed the services of slaves either as palace guards, farm workers, stewards, or in some cases as objects of sacrifice to appease the gods during a festival. Unfortunately, the ascendancy of this practice in contemporary times has now become a bane of challenge to the government, stakeholders and even security operatives as several youths (particularly teen girls) are been recruited as sex workers overseas, or used as ‘baby producers’ in what is popularly described as a ‘baby factory’ in Nigeria. This paper therefore examines some recent issues on kidnapping as well as factors responsible for this criminal act in Nigeria. Sequel to findings, this paper made some recommendations.Keywords: Human trafficking, Human right, Sex workers, Slave trade, Smuggling of people
Language education for character and skill development in Nigeria
Authors: Nzekwu Ifeanyi
Published: July 2016

This article addresses the role of language education for character and skill development in Nigeria. Researches have shown that the greatness of any nation is highly dependent on the ability of that nation to cultivate a deliberate policy that would bring about an enduring legacy for her children or youth, often regarded as indispensable leaders of tomorrow. One sure way of safeguarding that desirable legacy for the tender mind is through exposure to effective language policy that lays emphasis on reading and enactment of stories from literature, especially national literature. This kind of literary experience is indeed critical to the overall children’s personal development. This process of personal development brings about deep sense of responsibility, thereby engendering national orientation, consciousness, patriotism – which are vital indices for character and skill development. The aim of this paper is to examine the feasibility of language education through the instrumentality of the English language and literature as an alternative paradigm shift capable of fostering character and skill development. The research identifies challenges against harnessing language education in Nigeria. These challenges include, poor reading culture, non-availability of literary reading materials. In conclusion, the paper beams its light on viable recommendations aimed at resuscitating language education sector as bedrock of all sustainable development in any progressive society.
Numerical analysis using state space method for vibration control of car seat by employing passive and semi active dampers
Authors: Kotagi Udit S. , Raju G.U. , Patil V.B. , Kodancha Krishnaraja G.
Published: July 2016

In passenger cars the vibrations developed at the ground are transmitted to the passengers through seats. Due to vibrations discomfort is experienced by the passengers. Dampers are being successfully utilized to reduce the vibrations in civil engineering structures. Few dampers are used in passenger cars as well. In the present study viscous dampers and semi-active variable friction dampers are used in passenger cars. The car and car seat are modeled together as two degrees of freedom system. The study is carried out for two cases namely car moving on sagged bridges and car moving on road humps. The paper also presents the comparison of performance of both the dampers for the two cases. State space method has been employed for the numerical analysis of the study. It is found that the amplitude of displacements is reduced considerably by the employment of dampers and resonance is avoided. Performance wise viscous damper is found to be slightly better than semi-active variable friction damper.Keywords: Car seat, viscous damper, semi-active variable friction damper, two degrees of freedom, state space method
Provider Use of a Novel EHR display in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Holden Richard , Flynn Kathryn , Yang Yushi , Azam Laila , Scanlon Matthew , Asan Onur
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore providers’ perspectives on the use of a novel technology, “Large Customizable Interactive Monitor” (LCIM), a novel application of the electronic health record system implemented in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

We employed a qualitative approach to collect and analyze data from pediatric intensive care physicians, pediatric nurse practitioners, and acute care specialists. Using semi-structured interviews, we collected data from January to April, 2015. The research team analyzed the transcripts using an iterative coding method to identify common themes.

Study results highlight contextual data on providers’ use routines of the LCIM. Findings from thirty six interviews were classified into three groups: 1) providers’ familiarity with the LCIM; 2) providers’ use routines (i.e. when and how they use it); and 3) reasons why they use or do not use it.

It is important to conduct baseline studies of the use of novel technologies. The importance of training and orientation affects the adoption and use patterns of this new technology. This study is notable for being the first to investigate a LCIM system, a next generation system implemented in the pediatric critical care setting. Our study revealed this next generation HIT might have great potential for family-centered rounds, team education during rounds, and family education/engagement in their child’s health in the patient room. This study also highlights the effect of training and orientation on the adoption patterns of new technology.

Citation: Asan O, Holden RJ, Flynn KE, Yang Y, Azam L, Scanlon MC. Provider use of a novel EHR display in the pediatric intensive care unit: Large customizable interactive monitor (LCIM).
On Bridges and Stacks
Authors: Koch Sabine , Lehmann Christoph , Haux Reinhold
Published: July 2016

Citation: Sabine Koch, Christoph U. Lehmann, Reinhold Haux. On Bridges and Stacks.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Performance and Accrual Quality: Case study on Firms Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)
Authors: Aditya Ferry , Juniarti Dr.
Published: July 2016

Research on the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance to the financial performance have been widely studied previously. However, there were a few studies investigate the effect of CSR on accrual quality which is one of the attributes of earning quality. The aim of this study is to examine the affect of CSR toward accrual quality in the context of Indonesia, where the empirical results of the benefits of CSR implementatation are still scant.Research samples are all listed companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in miscellaneous industry sector for period 2009 to 2013. There are 92 firm years included in this study. CSR is measured by scoring CSR activities of the firm based on GRI Index guideline version 3.1, whereas attributes of earning quality used in this study is accrual quality. We include two control variables in this research model i.e. firm size and leverage. The results show that CSR performance do not explain the changes in accrual quality. Leverage has no effect on accrual quality as well. On the other hand firm size has a significant effect on CSR performance however the sign of association is contrary with the expected.