bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remediation quantum of organic amendments to immobilize potentially toxic heavy metals in wastewater-contaminated soils through maize cultivation
Authors: Zeeshan Manzoor Muhammad , Sarwar Ghulam , Ibrahim Muhammad , Rehan Saman Safdar , Hasnain Zuhair , Rais Afroz , Gul Safia , Alfagham Alanoud T. , Manono Bonface O. , Mehmood Kashf , Khan Shahbaz
Published: October 2024

Wastewater is considered a good reservoir of mineral elements that can be used for agriculture, aquaculture, and some other activities after adopting suitable measures. The gap between supply and demand for water is increasing exponentially because of the abrupt boost to the world’s population. This poses a threat to human life as it has reached alarming levels in some parts of the globe. Normally, wastewater consists of liquid waste produced by commercial or industrial sources for daily use, consumption, and production. It is time to refocus our attention on a kind of circulating water system by reusing municipal wastewater for agricultural purposes, particularly irrigation. The recycled or treated water would be used as an alternative to fresh water. In the current study, the impact of various organic amendments was studied to mitigate the toxic effects of pollutants present in wastewater by cultivating maize as a test crop. The present study comprised five treatments replicated four times with a randomized complete block design under field conditions. In this experiment, the treatments included T1 (treatment 1) = control (wastewater-polluted soil without the application of any amendment), T2 = farmyard manure (FYM) at 2.5 tons ha-1 (hectare-1), T3 = FYM at 5.0 tons ha-1, T4 = compost at 2.5 tons ha-1, and T5 = compost at 5.0 tons ha-1. The application of FYM at 5.0 tons ha-1 (T3) was recorded as being the most effective as the maximum improvement was observed in soil characteristics such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and organic matter, and for T3, these were 7.33, 2.22 dS m-1, 8.16, and 0.94%, respectively. T3 remained most superior in reducing the concentration of heavy metals in the soil; for example, lead, cadmium, nickel, and arsenic for T3 were 8.64, 1.34, 10.44, and 2.25 mg kg-1 (milligrams per kg), respectively. Maximum fresh biomass (fodder yield) of 9.98 tons ha-1 was harvested when FYM was applied at 5.0 tons ha-1 to the soil compared to 6.2 tons ha-1 in the control plot. The highest contents of nitrogen (1.20%), phosphorus (0.41%), and potassium (3.97%) were observed in maize plants for T3. In maize plants (T3), the concentration of lead, cadmium, nickel, and arsenic was reduced to levels of 1.92, 0.23, 2.28, and 1.25 mg kg-1, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded from the findings of the experiment that the application of FYM significantly reduced heavy metal concentrations and improved soil health, along with maize crop growth and productivity.
Impact of China’s environmental protection tax on green total factor productivity: based on the perspective of digital transformation
Authors: Zhang Jie , Hua Hongyan , Yang Lianfen , Nie Zhiping
Published: October 2024

Greening and digital transformation have become the new driving forces of China’s economic development. The environmental protection tax (EPT) represents a significant economic measure for environmental protection in China, with the primary objective of safeguarding the environment. Using a 2012–2021 sample of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies and the difference-in-differences (DID) method, we empirically investigate the effect of the implementation of China’s EPT on green total factor productivity (GTFP) of heavily polluting enterprises. The results show a significant increase in firms’ GTFP after the implementation of the tax. A mechanism test reveals that firms’ digital transformation has a masking effect, which inhibits the growth of firms’ GTFP. Further analyses investigate the variations in effects based on ownership type, firm size, and market concentration. The positive effect is more pronounced for state-owned enterprises, large enterprises, and those operating in highly concentrated markets. This paper provides theoretical support and empirical evidence for the digital transformation and green development of heavily polluting enterprises, the rational optimization of EPT policies, and the promotion of sustainable economic development.
Travel mode choice behavior analysis using multinomial logit models towards creating sustainable college campus: a case study of the University of Toledo, Ohio
Authors: Akter Taslima , Alam Bhuiyan Monwar
Published: October 2024

By employing descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression models, the paper investigates factors that affect the travel mode choice behavior of a college community for both commuting to the campus from their residences and commuting on campus from one facility to another. Results show that car ownership, travel distance, age, gender, academic status, income, perception of safety, number of weekly trips, and weather conditions affect people’s mode choice decisions significantly. The study finds that increasing travel distance, age, and being a staff member positively impact car mode choice, faculty members are more likely to bike and walk compared to undergraduate students, and unlike the authors’ predictions, the higher-income people are more likely to walk on campus. Results also reveal that car users change travel modes more often than active transport mode users based on semesters and that although women are less likely to bike to the campus, they are more likely to walk and bike on campus. If the number of trips increases, people prefer cars to walk, bike, and ride a bus to commute to the campus while they prefer walking to driving a car on campus. The study contributes to help create pollution-free and healthy urban college campuses that, on larger scales, will further contribute to developing sustainable cities to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals as described by the United Nations, particularly goal number 11, “to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable,” and thereby contribute to improving urban living conditions.
Microbiota activation and regulation of adaptive immunity
Authors: Heidari Mozhdeh , Maleki Vareki Saman , Yaghobi Ramin , Karimi Mohammad Hossein
Published: October 2024

In the mucosa, T cells and B cells of the immune system are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis by suppressing reactions to harmless antigens and upholding the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier functions. Host immunity and homeostasis are regulated by metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, which has developed through the long-term coevolution of the host and the gut biome. This is achieved by the immunological system’s tolerance for symbiote microbiota, and its ability to generate a proinflammatory response against invasive organisms. The imbalance of the intestinal immune system with commensal organisms is causing a disturbance in the homeostasis of the gut microbiome. The lack of balance results in microbiota dysbiosis, the weakened integrity of the gut barrier, and the development of inflammatory immune reactions toward symbiotic organisms. Researchers may uncover potential therapeutic targets for preventing or regulating inflammatory diseases by understanding the interactions between adaptive immunity and the microbiota. This discussion will explore the connection between adaptive immunity and microbiota.
Increased plasma imatinib exposure and toxicity in chronically treated GIST patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case series
Authors: Gagno Sara , Posocco Bianca , Orleni Marco , Cecchin Eleonora , Fumagalli Arianna , Guardascione Michela , Buonadonna Angela , Polesel Jerry , Puglisi Fabio , Toffoli Giuseppe , Cecchin Erika
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Inflammatory factors released during severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are known to influence drug exposure, but data on the effect of mild infection are few. Here we describe for the first time an increase in plasma imatinib and norimatinib concentrations observed in a series of 5 patients treated with imatinib for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) after mild COVID-19.

Methods

The patients were undergoing routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and pharmacogenetic (PGx) analyses of polymorphisms in genes involved in imatinib metabolism and transport (CYP3A4, CYP3A5, ABCB1, and ABCG2) when SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred. Imatinib and its active metabolite norimatinib concentrations were determined at Ctrough using a validated LC-MS/MS method. PGx analyses were performed by KASP genotyping assays on a Real-Time PCR system. All patients received imatinib 400 mg/day. Case 1 was prospectively monitored. Cases 2-5 were identified retrospectively.

Results

On average, imatinib Ctrough increased significantly by 70% during COVID-19, whereas norimatinib showed a 44% increase compared with pre-COVID-19 levels. Elevated plasma imatinib concentrations persisted up to 6 months after infection remission. In 3 cases, this increase reflected the occurrence or worsening of imatinib side effects.

Conclusion

This case-series highlights the clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the management of patients with GIST treated with imatinib.
Prognostic modeling of hepatocellular carcinoma based on T-cell proliferation regulators: a bioinformatics approach
Authors: Hai Long , Bai Xiao-Yang , Luo Xia , Liu Shuai-Wei , Ma Zi-Min , Ma Li-Na , Ding Xiang-Chun
Published: October 2024

Background

The prognostic value and immune significance of T-cell proliferation regulators (TCRs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been previously reported. This study aimed to develop a new prognostic model based on TCRs in patients with HCC.

Method

This study used The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) and International Cancer Genome Consortium-Liver Cancer-Riken, Japan (ICGC-LIRI-JP) datasets along with TCRs. Differentially expressed TCRs (DE-TCRs) were identified by intersecting TCRs and differentially expressed genes between HCC and non-cancerous samples. Prognostic genes were determined using Cox regression analysis and were used to construct a risk model for HCC. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to assess the difference in survival between high-risk and low-risk groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the validity of risk model, as well as for testing in the ICGC-LIRI-JP dataset. Additionally, independent prognostic factors were identified using multivariate Cox regression analysis and proportional hazards assumption, and they were used to construct a nomogram model. TCGA-LIHC dataset was subjected to tumor microenvironment analysis, drug sensitivity analysis, gene set variation analysis, and immune correlation analysis. The prognostic genes were analyzed using consensus clustering analysis, mutation analysis, copy number variation analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and molecular prediction analysis.

Results

Among the 18 DE-TCRs, six genes (DCLRE1B, RAN, HOMER1, ADA, CDK1, and IL1RN) could predict the prognosis of HCC. A risk model that can accurately predict HCC prognosis was established based on these genes. An efficient nomogram model was also developed using clinical traits and risk scores. Immune-related analyses revealed that 39 immune checkpoints exhibited differential expression between the high-risk and low-risk groups. The rate of immunotherapy response was low in patients belonging to the high-risk group. Patients with HCC were further divided into cluster 1 and cluster 2 based on prognostic genes. Mutation analysis revealed that HOMER1 and CDK1 harbored missense mutations. DCLRE1B exhibited an increased copy number, whereas RAN exhibited a decreased copy number. The prognostic genes were significantly enriched in tryptophan metabolism pathways.

Conclusions

This bioinformatics analysis identified six TCR genes associated with HCC prognosis that can serve as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for HCC.
The cGAS-STING pathway and female reproductive system diseases
Authors: Li Ruijie , Liu Hengwei , Liu Yi
Published: October 2024

The cGAS-STING pathway has become a crucial role in the detection of cytosolic DNA and the initiation of immune responses. The cGAS-STING pathway not only mediates protective immune defense against various DNA-containing pathogens but also detects tumor-derived DNA to generate intrinsic anti-tumor immunity. However, abnormal activation of the cGAS-STING pathway by self-DNA can also lead to autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders. This article reviews the mechanisms and functions of the cGAS-STING pathway, as well as the latest research progress in female reproductive-related diseases. We focus on the regulatory mechanisms and roles of this pathway in common female reproductive disorders, discuss the clinical potential of the cGAS-STING pathway as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for female reproductive diseases, as well as the research controversies, technical issues, and biological knowledge gaps that need to be resolved. Furthermore, we provide new ideas for the treatment and prevention of these diseases.
Cutting-edge approaches to B-cell depletion in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Robinson William H. , Fiorentino David , Chung Lorinda , Moreland Larry W. , Deodhar Malavika , Harler Mary Beth , Saulsbery Carrie , Kunder Rebecca
Published: October 2024

B-cell depletion therapy (BCDT) has been employed to treat autoimmune disease for ~20 years. Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20 and utilizing effector function (eg, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis) to eliminate B cells have historically been the predominant therapeutic approaches. More recently, diverse BCDT approaches targeting a variety of B-cell surface antigens have been developed for use in hematologic malignancies, including effector-function–enhanced monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) treatment, and bispecific T-cell engagers (TCEs). The latter category of antibodies employs CD3 engagement to augment the killing of target cells. Given the improvement in B-cell depletion observed with CAR-T and TCEs compared with conventional monospecific antibodies for treatment of hematologic malignancies and the recent case reports demonstrating therapeutic benefit of CAR-T in autoimmune disease, there is potential for these mechanisms to be effective for B-cell–mediated autoimmune disease. In this review, we discuss the various BCDTs that are being developed in autoimmune diseases, describing the molecule designs, depletion mechanisms, and potential advantages and disadvantages of each approach as they pertain to safety, efficacy, and patient experience. Additionally, recent advances and strategies with TCEs are presented to help broaden understanding of the potential for bispecific antibodies to safely and effectively engage T cells for deep B-cell depletion in autoimmune diseases.
Global research trends and hotspots in metabolomics of osteosarcoma: a decade-spanning bibliometric and visualized analysis
Authors: Tu Jun-Bo , Liu Tao , Li Jun-Feng , Long Jian , Wang Xiu , Liu Wen-Cai , Gao Xing-Hua
Published: October 2024

Object

Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor originating from the bones, commonly found in children and adolescents, especially in rapidly growing bone areas such as the knees and upper arms. In this study, we aim to delineate the evolution and convergence of research themes in osteosarcoma metabolomics over the past decade, identify major contributors, and forecast emerging trends that could direct future research efforts.

Method

The bibliometric method has been applied to systematically analyze the literature in the field of osteosarcoma metabolomics. The relevant literatures were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection, spanning from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023. Tools such as CiteSpace, Bibliometrix, and VOSviewer were used for the visual analysis of the collected literatures. The focused information includes institutions, journals, countries, authors, keywords, and citations.

Result

Various aspects in the field of osteosarcoma metabolism were analyzed. Shanghai Jiao Tong University has published the most papers in the past ten years, followed by Central South University and Zhejiang University. Among the sources, the international journal of molecular sciences publishes the most articles, and oncotarget is the journal with the highest H index. According to Bradford’s law, there are 34 core journals identified. A total of 5501 authors participated in the creation of papers in this field. The distribution of authors follows Lotka`s Law, and 85.3% of authors have only one article. 46% of the corresponding authors are from China, but most of these corresponding authors are not good at international cooperation. China also has the largest number of publications, followed by the United States. It can be confirmed that China dominates this field. Among the keywords, “expression” is the keyword that has received the most attention in the past ten years. All keywords can be divided into 9 clusters. Based on the explosive words and hot topics each year, we speculate that future research will focus on the tumor microenvironment, molecular mechanisms and autophagy, targeted therapies and inhibitors.

Conclusion

In summary, this study comprehensively analyzed the current state of research in the field of osteosarcoma metabolism through bibliometric methods. The findings revealed the development trends and research hotspots in this field, which may provide valuable references for future research directions.
Revealing the mechanism of natural product-induced immunogenic cell death: opening a new chapter in tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Yukun , Wang Zhenzhi , Zhang Chi , Su Yisa , Zhou Tian , Hu Kaiwen
Published: October 2024

This review underscores the role of natural products in inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) as a key strategy in tumor immunotherapy. It reveals that natural products can activate ICD through multiple pathways—apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and necroptosis—leading to the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), dendritic cell activation, and improved antigen presentation, which together stimulate a potent anti-tumor immune response. The study also demonstrates the enhanced therapeutic potential of combining natural products with immune checkpoint inhibitors. With a focus on translating preclinical findings into clinical practice, this review consolidates recent discoveries and suggests future research paths, offering both theoretical insights and practical guidance for advancing cancer immunotherapy.
A holistic approach to address female genital schistosomiasis in Ghana and Madagascar: the FGS Accelerated Scale Together Package
Authors: Krentel Alison , Arogundade Kazeem , Raharinivo Mbolatiana , Opare Joseph , Rasoamanamihaja Clara Fabienne , Randrianasolo Faly Hariniaina , Dalaba Maxwell Ayindenaba , Immurana Mustapha , Umbelino-Walker Isis , Pensotti Caroline , Sangare Moussa , Patel Kruti , Jacobson Julie , Gyapong Margaret
Published: October 2024

Women and girls who have been infected with the blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium can experience the chronic form of urogenital schistosomiasis, called female genital schistosomiasis (FGS). Some FGS symptoms resemble sexually transmitted infections. As a result, women and girls seeking treatment are often misdiagnosed and stigmatized. The FGS Accelerated Scale Together (FAST) Package project implemented a holistic approach to address FGS combining proven interventions in training, mass drug administration, diagnosis, and treatment as well as community awareness to address FGS in four selected districts in Ghana and Madagascar. The FAST Package was supported by an FGS National Committee who provided guidance on integration at the national level. Using an implementation research design, researchers worked closely with government counterparts in the programs for neglected tropical diseases in both countries. Baseline cross-sectional surveys and qualitative methodologies collected information on schistosomiasis and FGS awareness, experience with health seeking behaviors and knowledge of schistosomiasis prevention amongst community members and teachers. FAST Package interventions included healthcare provider training delivered in online and in person formats; development of an Educators’ booklet to support schistosomiasis/FGS awareness creation among teachers, healthcare providers and community members; suspected FGS case detection; and advocacy for the provision of praziquantel in the primary health care system. Endline results included a cross-sectional survey and qualitative methodologies amongst community members and teachers, including Photovoice for women of reproductive health age exposed to FGS. This paper presents a description of the FAST Package project, the value of its holistic approach, and selected results from both countries. It discusses the lessons learnt highlighting some of the challenges and opportunities for integration within the health system.
Modern quantum materials
Authors: Harris Vincent G. , Andalib Parisa
Published: October 2024

Quantum phenomena, including entanglement, superposition, tunneling, and spin–orbit interactions, among others, are foundational to the development of recent innovations in quantum computing, teleportation, encryption, sensing, and new modalities of electronics, such as spintronics, spin-orbitronics, caloritronics, magnonics, twistronics, and valleytronics. These emerging technologies provide disruptive influences to global commercial markets. These remarkable advances in quantum technologies are nearly always enabled by the discovery of materials and their quantum behaviors. Such advances are governed by quantum principles that are strongly influenced by environmental, physical, topological, and morphological conditions such as very small length scales, short time durations, ultrahigh pressures, ultralow temperatures, etc., which lead to quantum behaviors that manifest as quantum tunneling, entanglement, superpositioning, superfluidity, low-dimensional, high-temperature and high-pressure superconductivity, quantum fluctuations, Bose–Einstein condensates, topological effects, and other phenomena that are not yet fully understood nor adequately explored. Here, we provide a review of quantum materials developed up to 2023. Remarkable advances in quantum materials occur daily, and therefore, by the time of publication, new and exciting breakthroughs will have occurred that are regrettably not covered herein.
The association between low-dose aspirin intake and osteoarthritis: a population-based cross-sectional study based on NHANES
Authors: Xiong Binglang , Zhang Cheng , Cao Xuhan , Guo Ziyan , Bai Zixing , Sun Weidong
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Low-dose aspirin is widely used as a preventive medication for cardiovascular diseases. However, there is controversy regarding the impact of low-dose aspirin on articular cartilage. The aim of this study is to explore the association between low-dose aspirin intake and osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the United States population data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018. The investigation of low-dose aspirin intake and the diagnosis of OA was based on self-reporting in questionnaires. Multivariate regression models was used to assess the relationship between low-dose aspirin intake and OA. In addition, subgroup and interaction analysis were performed to assess the robustness of the results.

Results

A total of 12,215 participants were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low-dose aspirin use had significantly increased the odds of OA (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01–1.28; p = 0.035). A significant and consistent association of low-dose aspirin intake with OA was still observed in each subgroup stratified by gender, age, and the presence of comorbidities including diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and stroke. The results illustrated that the relationship between low-dose aspirin intake and OA was stable in all subgroups and had no interaction.

Conclusion

Our study confirmed that low-dose aspirin intake may increase the risk of OA. Attention should be paid to the possibility of joint degenerative changes in patients who take low-dose aspirin chronically. However, further studies are needed to explore the possible mechanisms behind this association.
Vitamin D levels and risk of ocular disorders: insights from bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Fan Shipei , Shi Xing-yu , Li Xia , Li Jun , Yu Song-ping
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the causal relationships between vitamin D levels and ocular disorders.

Methods

Independent genetic variables were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and publicly available databases. The summary statistics for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were obtained from two large-scale GWAS studies, with sample sizes of 324,105 and 417,580 European individuals. The genetic variants of myopia, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), anterior iridocyclitis, senile cataract, diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), wet age-related macular degeneration (WAMD) and optic neuritis were extracted from the latest release of FinnGen consortium, which contains genome data from Finnish participants. Subsequently, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to obtain effect estimates. Additionally, we performed multivariable MR analysis and mediation analysis to validate the results.

Results

In the discovery dataset, genetically predicted vitamin D concentration was found to be causally associated with an increased risk of WAMD, (odd ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.67, PIVW = 0.005). However, no causal effects of genetically predisposed vitamin D levels on the risk of most types of ocular disorders were observed. Reverse MR revealed no causal relationships between the ocular diseases and vitamin D concentrations. The MR analyses of the validation dataset yielded consistent results. Additionally, the causal effect of vitamin D levels on the risk of WAMD remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders in the multivariable MR analysis (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.26–2.73, PIVW = 0.002).

Conclusion

Our MR analysis results provide robust evidence of a causal relationship between genetically predicted 25(OH)D levels and an increased risk of WAMD in European population. These findings offer important insights into the management and control of ocular disorders.
Lifestyle and risk of developing myopia in school children in Chongqing, China
Authors: Li Ruili , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yong , Tang Wensheng , Ao Dan , He Li , Yang Kun , Qi Xiaoya
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Myopia has emerged as a leading global reason for poor vision in children and adolescents. this study aims to investigate the influence of lifestyles on myopia in schoolchildren in Chongqing, China.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on primary and junior high school graduates in Chongqing City, China. Students who came to the assigned hospital for the physical examination of their upgrade school enrollment were recruited. In addition to regular examination and eyeusing questionnaire, visual acuity and non-cycloplegic autorefraction were measured.

Results

Of all 1806 eligible students, 1,623 students (89.87%) were included in the analysis. The prevalence of myopia in elementary and junior middle school graduates was 73.1 and 81.8%, respectively. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, 1 h more homework (OR = 1.272, p = 0.032), attending out-school courses (OR = 1.973, p = 0.006), frequently checking of eyes (OR = 1.337, p = 0.015) and using eye-protecting lamp (OR = 2.528, p < 0.001) were more likely to be associated with myopia (p < 0.05). While 1 h more outdoor activity in weekday (OR = 0.811, p = 0.033) and weekend (OR = 0.796, p = 0.034) were less likely to have myopia.

Conclusion

The current prevalence of myopia among elementary and junior high school students in Chongqing is high. Academic pressures, bad habits of using eyes, and limited time for outdoor activity mainly contribute to the epidemic of myopia. Various policies in and out of schools related to reducing academic pressures, increasing outdoor activities, and improving eye habits may help control the prevalence of myopia in teenagers.
Biological characterization and in vitro fungicide screening of a new causal agent of walnut leaf spot in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Ao Xianxi , Shi Ting , Yang Wenjia , Ouyang Hao , Fan Ruidong , Siddiqui Junaid Ali , Wu Chaoming , Lv Zhoule , Deng Shasha , Chen Xiaoyulong
Published: October 2024

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a widely grown nut plant worldwide, including in Guizhou Province, located in southwest China. The high quality and special taste make Guizhou walnuts, particularly those produced in Hezhang County, a “Chinese National Geographical Indication Product” that substantially contributes to the local economy and grower’s income. In July 2022, a serious occurrence of leaf spot disease was observed in a walnut plantation area, Shuitang Town, Hezhang County, Guizhou Province, China (27°07′67″N, 104°64′61″E). The causal agent was identified as Didymella segeticola through morphological characterization and amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, beta-tubulin (TUB) gene, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD) gene. Koch’s postulates, including re-isolation and identification, were performed to confirm its pathogenicity on healthy leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. segeticola causing leaf spot on walnuts worldwide. Further, to determine its biological characteristics, which could be utilized for future disease management, the effects of temperature, light, and carbon and nitrogen resources on mycelial growth, conidia production, and conidia germination and the effects of humidity on conidia germination were studied. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of representative strain D. segeticola C27 was 20°C. Increasing the light period significantly decreased conidia production and conidia germination. Maltose and beef extract were the best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for the pathogen. Conidia germination was enhanced at 90% humidity. In vitro screening of effective fungicides was conducted. Among the 20 screened fungicides, difenoconazole showed the best inhibition rate, with an EC50 (concentration for 50% of the maximal effect) of 0.0007 μg/mL. Tetramycin also showed sufficient inhibitory effects against D. segeticola, with an EC50 value of 0.0009 μg/mL. Our study provides new insights into the causal agent of walnut leaf spot in Guizhou, China, as well as the first pathogen characteristics and promising candidate fungicides for its management.
Analysis of the zoonotic tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in raw milk and dairy products in mountain pastures of the Lombardy region, Italy
Authors: Scarazzato Annalisa , Righi Francesco , Sommariva Marco Pietro , Bertoletti Irene , Sala Giovanni , Paterlini Franco , Daminelli Paolo , Finazzi Guido , Losio Marina-Nadia , Pavoni Enrico
Published: October 2024

Over the last few decades, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has become a growing public health problem in Europe. The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic virus that affects the central nervous system (CNS). TBEV has been detected in 27 European countries, and the rise in TBE cases is mainly due to environmental and ecological factors, and factors that increase the risk of human exposure to infected ticks. The infection via the alimentary route is the second most common means of TBEV transmission to humans. Raw milk from infected goats, sheep, or cows has been identified as a source of human food-borne infections. This study aims to gather new information on the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in raw goat’s and cow’s milk and related raw products in the Lombard Alps (Italy). This is important due to the close proximity of Lombardy to the Triveneto region, where TBE is endemic, and southern Switzerland, where numerous TBEV-positive mammals have been found. Throughout 2023, a passive monitoring plan was implemented on samples delivered for TBEV analyses from the Alpine pastures. In total, 248 specimens including raw milk, raw milk cheese, and butter were tested. This is the first monitoring of food at risk of TBEV transmission in a non-endemic region with evidence of TBEV circulation. Despite testing a wide range of dairy products, no sample tested positive for RNA-TBEV by real-time RT-PCR. Preliminary results suggest that raw milk and raw dairy products do not pose a significant risk of TBEV transmission to humans in the territory of Lombardy.
Neural effects of multisensory dance training in Parkinson’s disease: evidence from a longitudinal neuroimaging single case study
Authors: Simon Jenny R. , Bek Judith , Ghanai Katayoun , Bearss Karolina A. , Barnstaple Rebecca E. , Bar Rachel J. , DeSouza Joseph F. X.
Published: October 2024

Dance is associated with beneficial outcomes in motor and non-motor domains in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and regular participation may help delay symptom progression in mild PD. However, little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms of dance interventions for PD. The present case study explored potential neuroplastic changes in a 69-year-old male with mild PD participating in regular dance classes over 29 weeks. Functional MRI was performed at four timepoints (pre-training, 11 weeks, 18 weeks, 29 weeks), where the individual imagined a dance choreography while listening to the corresponding music. Neural activity was compared between dance-imagery and fixation blocks at each timepoint. Analysis of functionally defined regions revealed significant blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal activation in the supplementary motor area, right and left superior temporal gyri and left and right insula, with modulation of these regions observed over the training period except for the left insula. The results suggest the potential for dance to induce neuroplastic changes in people with PD in regions associated with motor planning and learning, auditory processing, rhythm, emotion, and multisensory integration. The findings are consistent with dance being a multimodal therapeutic activity that could provide long-term benefits for people with PD.
Prevalence and risk factors of subjective cognitive decline in older adults in Baotou, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ma Shang-Jia , Yu Yan-Xue , Tian Kai , Yong Wen , Yu Wen-Long , Bai Ru-Yu , Wu Li-E , Guo Xia
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) as a stage between healthy cognition and early neurocognitive disorders, has been proposed to be helpful in the diagnosis of prodromal neurocognitive disorders. To investigate the prevalence of SCD and the related risk factors on the prevalence.

Methods

A cross-sectional study involving 1,120 elderly subjects residing in Baotou, China. From June 2021 to June 2023, the data were gathered by research assistants with training utilizing standardized questionnaires. The following factors were evaluated: subjective cognitive decline, physical and cognitive activity levels, past medical history, demographics, instrumental activities of daily living, and cognitive function. Risk factors of SCD were used chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

The prevalence of SCD was 43.8%. Permanent residence, marital status, BMI, dietary habits, average sleep duration per night, smoking, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and visual impairment were significantly associated with SCD (p < 0 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed obesity, vegetarian-based, smoking for a long time, diabetes and coronary heart disease, visual impairment, no spouse, and average sleep duration per night <6 h were independent risk factors for SCD. Based on the gender analysis, the difference in marital status, dietary habits, average sleep duration per night, smoking, drinking, and hypertension was statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The prevalence of subjective cognitive decline was high among elder adults. We discovered significant differences in the prevalence or risk factors for SCD between men and women based on their sex. This study provides a more theoretical basis for the early prevention and screening of cognitive impairment diseases in the elderly population.
Sources of perceived social support and cognitive function among older adults: a longitudinal study in rural China
Authors: Gui Shiqi , Wang Jing , Li Qiushuo , Chen Hao , Jiang Zhiyue , Hu Jin , Yang Xing , Yang Jingyuan
Published: October 2024

Background

Studies have shown the positive impact of perceived social support on cognitive function among older adults in rural areas. However, existing studies often overlook the impact of different support sources. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the diverse sources of perceived social support and cognitive function.

Methods

Participants were drawn from the Guizhou Rural Older Adults’ Health Study (HSRO) in China. We included 791 participants who participated in a baseline survey in 2019 and a 3-year follow-up survey. Perceived social support was investigated from the six main sources (friend, relative, children, spouse, sibling, and neighbor). Hierarchical linear regression models were used to observe the effects of diverse sources of perceived social support and their combinations on cognitive function.

Results

Cognitive function was positively associated with perceived support from children, friends, and neighbors. A positive association was found between cognitive function and increases in each additional source [β = 0.75 (95%CI: 0.51, 0.98), p < 0.001]. Older adults who perceived support from both children and friends showed better cognitive function [β = 2.53 (95%CI: 1.35, 3.72), p < 0.001]. The perception of support from spouse, siblings, and relatives did not show a statistically significant association with cognitive function among older adults in rural areas.

Conclusion

This study found that the association between different sources of perceived social support and cognitive function was varied. This study provides scientific evidence that personalized support strategies may benefit in promoting cognitive health in rural older adults.
Implicit memory reduced selectively for negative words with aging
Authors: Ladd Sandra L. , Gabrieli John D. E.
Published: October 2024

Background

Disproportionally better memory for positive versus negative information (mnemonic positivity effect, MPE) in older versus younger adults has been reported on tests of explicit memory (direct, intentional) as measured by recall and recognition. The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether the MPE would be observed for implicit memory (indirect, unintentional) under conditions where, based on previous research using single words, it was expected that the MPE for explicit memory would be absent.

Methods

This study investigated the influence of age on explicit and implicit memory for positive, negative, and neutral single words as measured by yes/no recognition and word identification on 24 older adults (aged 66–85) and 24 younger adults (aged 18–37) recruited from community centers in South Boston, Massachusetts.

Results

Older adults had lower recognition memory accuracy for positive, negative, and neutral words than younger adults, and, consistent with most prior studies, did not exhibit an explicit memory MPE for single words. For both groups, recognition accuracy was greatest for negative words, and was similar for positive and neutral words. In contrast, older adults exhibited implicit repetition priming, as measured by superior identification performance for repeated words, that was similar to younger adults for positive and neutral words. In younger adults, implicit memory was significantly greater for negative words than for positive and neutral words, whereas in older adults there were no significant differences in implicit memory for negative, positive, and neutral words. Therefore, selectively reduced priming for negative words in older adults was found in the context of enhanced priming for negative words in the younger adults.

Conclusion

These findings show that there was an implicit memory MPE in older adults for words even under conditions where there was no explicit memory MPE in the older adults. Dampening of negative valence implicit memory with aging expands the perimeter of the age-related positivity framework.
Changes in diffusion MRI and clinical motor function after physical/occupational therapies in toddler-aged children with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Bernstein Adam , Pottinger Heidi , Miller Jeffrey , Udayasankar Unni , Trouard Theodore , Duncan Burris
Published: October 2024

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DMRI) is a potential tool to assess changes in brain connectivity and microstructure resulting from physical and occupational therapy in young children with cerebral palsy. This works was carried out to assess whether DMRI can detect changes after 36 weeks of physical and occupational therapy in the microstructure and connectivity of the brains of children with cerebral palsy and determine whether imaging findings correlate with changes in clinical measures of motor function. Five children underwent anatomical MRI and DMRI and evaluations of motor function skills at baseline and after 36 weeks of intensive or once-weekly physical and occupational Perception-Action Approach therapies. Diffusion tensor imaging and constrained spherical deconvolution methods were used to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA) and fiber orientation distribution functions (fODFs), respectively. The fODFs were used to generate tractograms of the cerebrospinal tract (CST). After 36 weeks of physical and occupational therapy, all children showed increases in motor function. No changes were observed in anatomical MRI before and after therapy but CST tractography did show small differences indicating possible altered microstructure and connectivity in the brain. FA values along the CSTs, however, showed no significant changes. Reliable longitudinal DMRI can be employed in toddler-aged children with CP and DMRI has the potential to monitor neuroplastic changes in white matter microstructure. However, there is a high variability between subjects and clinical improvements were not always correlated with measures of FA along the CST.
Acute onset psychiatric diseases after SARS-CoV-2 virus infection among pediatric patients
Authors: Yang Lu , Li Jun , Zhang Dongqing
Published: October 2024

Background

Psychiatric symptoms directly associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection have been reported sporadically in children. More cases of new-onset psychosis without severe cardinal symptoms, altered consciousness level, and psychogenic drug usage would offer compelling grounds for the association between the virus infection and psychosis.

Methods

We collected the clinical data of pediatric patients with new onset psychiatric symptoms after the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection from December 2022 to Feb 2023 and followed up with them for 1 year. These children did not have severe respiratory, cardiovascular, or systemic symptoms. They were not given psychogenic drugs. We also searched Pubmed to identify previously reported acute onset psychiatric cases related to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in children. We summarized these patients’ clinical symptoms, laboratory examination, treatment, and prognosis.

Results

We reported 11 new cases of psychiatric disease directly related to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and reviewed 12 previously reported cases among children and adolescents. They had various psychiatric symptoms within 3 weeks after the virus infection. Brain MRI and EEG recording did not reveal remarkable abnormalities. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF) could find increased protein, immunoglobulin, and IL-8 levels, disrupted blood–brain barrier, and positive oligoclonal band in a minority of the patients. Most of the patients had good outcomes.

Conclusion

New-onset psychiatric symptoms directly related to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection are not rare phenomena among pediatric patients. CSF tests support the presence of central immune responses in some patients. Although these patients received different treatments, most of them had good prognoses.
Scoping review of epigenetics on neurodegenerative diseases: research frontiers and publication status
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Mao Yukang , Fu Qiangqiang , Zhang Xiaoguang , Zhang Dong , Yue Yunhua , Yang Chuanxi
Published: October 2024

Aims

Epigenetics has significantly evolved and emerged as important players in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. However, a scientometric synthesis of such changes over time is currently lacking.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of the Web of Science Core Collection from inception until November 5, 2022, using appropriate keywords. Our primary objective was to employ scientometric analysis to depict changes in keywords over time and to assess the structure and credibility of clusters. Additionally, we examined the network of research (countries, institutions, and authors) using CiteSpace and VOSviewer.

Results

We identified 25 clusters with well-structured networks (Q = 0.82) and highly credible clustering (S = 0.91) from 16,181 articles published between 1999 and 2022. Our findings are as follows: (a) the literature and research interest concerning the epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases are continuously growing; (b) the three most productive countries are the USA, China, and Germany; (c) international collaborative relationships exist, alongside small, isolated collaboration networks of individual institutions.

Conclusion

The number and impact of global publications on the epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases have expanded rapidly over the past 20 years. This review provides valuable guidelines for researchers interested in neurodegenerative diseases research.