bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of Optogenetics and its Potential to Cure Blindness
Authors: Panchanatham Muthu
Published: April 2023

In humans, sight resides atop the hierarchy of senses. Eyes allow people to perceive the world around them, interpret information they observe, and make informed decisions when faced with new situations. Without vision, a person can no longer connect with their surroundings, leaving them vulnerable to physical dangers and the socioeconomic consequences of blindness (Khanna et al., 2007). Blind individuals have a 44.2% employment rate compared to a 77.2% employment rate for people without disabilities according to the American Community Survey (ACS). Additionally, blind individuals have jobs with lower salaries (McDonnall et al., 2019). A cure for blindness would prove invaluable as over 1.1 million people in the United States are considered legally blind. Despite centuries of research into the prospect of restoring sight, a panacea remains unknown. However, modern advancements in biotechnology and gene therapy offer promising results in helping individuals regain their vision. One such novel technique is optogenetics, an approach that involves genetically modifying cells so that they can sense light, allowing the precise manipulation of neural activity. Researchers hypothesize that through optogenetics, light activated cells could replace damaged sensory cells in the retina, possibly mitigating photoreceptor-related impairments to a person’s sight. Here, we delve into new optogenetic therapies being developed to cure blindness. First, we provide a brief summary of the visual system, discuss the advent of optogenetic research in its early stages, and finally analyze how this technology has been implemented as a method to restore sight in animal models and a human case study.
A Review of Black Student-Athletes’ College Experiences, Athlete Activism, & Activism in Summer 2020
Authors: McCartney Allison
Published: April 2023

Black student-athletes have been highly stereotyped on college campuses for many years and have faced much racism and discrimination. In the summer of 2020, many of these athletes began sharing their negative experiences on social media as part of the wave of social activism that spread across the country after the death of George Floyd. Many also called for change both at their respective universities and at the societal level. This review first discusses Black student-athletes, including literature examining their experiences at Predominantly White institutions (PWIs). It will also share the history of athlete activism for professional and student-athletes, examples of Black athletes using their positions as agents of change in relation to social justice movements, and how student-athletes view activism. It concludes with a section discussing why it is necessary to provide student-athletes with a platform to speak out.
Comparing Machine Learning Models to Determine Which is Most Effective at Detecting Brain Tumors
Authors: Chauhan Samya , Parchure Shreya , Scott Jenna
Published: April 2023

In this project, by using machine learning techniques to analyze various brain tumor scans, the goal was to determine which techniques are the most efficient and accurate in determining the presence of brain tumors. Specifically, the goal was to adequately process a dataset to determine if brain tumors can be detected with more than 75% accuracy using machine learning. The chosen dataset includes just over 250 axial MRI brain scans, thus providing a sufficient dataset to properly analyze. This research is most applicable to the healthcare field, specifically relating to the work done by neurologists and radiologists. If the most efficient and accurate way to detect brain tumors is not determined soon, individuals may have to continue waiting longer than necessary for their results. In this project, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Trees, and Muti-Layer Perceptron Models were compared to determine which machine learning algorithm is most effective at determining the presence of a brain tumor in an axial brain scan.
Perspektif Sosiologi Hukum Islam terhadap Tradisi Wi’i Nggahi pada Pernikahan Suku Donggo Desa Rora Kecamatan Donggo Kabupaten Bima
Authors: Salahuddin Salahuddin , Ufran Ufran
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perspektif sosiologi hukum Islam terhadap tradisi Wi’i Nggahi pada pernikahan masyarakat Desa Rora. Latar belakang masyarakat menerapakan penggunaan W’i’i Nggahi dalam prosesi pernikahan dalam masyarakat Desa Rora Kecamatan Donggo Kabupaten Bima. Adapun jenis penelitian yang di gunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan empiris, yaitu dalam menghadapi permasalahan yang dibahas berdasarkan peraturan yang berlaku dan dihubungkan dengan kenyataan yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat. Metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi, untuk mendapatkan informasi yang relevan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan. Hasil penelitian bahwa orang tua menjodohkan anaknya tanpa bermusyawarah terlebih dahulu, namun dalam adat ini mengharuskan untuk tunduk dan patuh terhadap pilihan orang tua. Adapun alasan-alasan penyebab praktik penggunaan Wi’i Nggahi adalah menjaga harta benda, sebagai bentuk ketaatan kepada orang tua, mempertahankan adat. Islam memandang tidak menyalahkannya, namun hanya saja di dalam pelaksanaanya sesuai ketentuan tidak memberatkan salah satu pihak dan harus ada persetujuannya seperti yang tertuang pada pasal 6 (1) UU No. 1 tahun 1974, karena dalam pasal 28 KUH Perdata. Secara tegas tidak menyebutkan hukum adat dalam batang tubuh UUD 1945, bahkan menurut Imam Sudiyat, tidak ada satu pasal pun yang memuat dasar berlakunya hukum adat. kecuali dalam pasal 18B 1945 menyebutkan, telah membuktikan semangat negara untuk tetap mempertahankan dan menghormati pengakuan terhadap hak-hak masyarakat adatnya.
Tinjauan Yuridis Konten Youtube sebagai Objek Jaminan di Bank
Authors: Soinbala Rebica Stevani , Ufran Ufran
Published: April 2023

Youtube is also increasingly in demand because it can become a new niche for finding or increasing income (salary). With this rapid development, more and more people are creating YouTube accounts to use as a business as a source of income. YouTube itself opens wide opportunities for content creators who want to create content to earn income. Currently in Indonesia there are many popular names among YouTubers. With the development of the content creator profession in the digital media industry, they earn a higher income than people in general. So that digital media gets a trial opportunity to ensure that the content created is worthy of being used as a loan value at the bank. This research is normative-juridical research. By using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Data collection techniques were carried out using the library study method. The data analysis technique was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner. Article 16 of the 2014 Copyright Law has regulated a new provision regarding legal certainty to guarantee copyrights (copyright works) as the basis for borrowing money. issued Government Regulation (PP) No. 24 of 2022 concerning Regulations for Implementing Law No. 24 of 2019 concerning the Creative Economy which regulates intellectual property-based financing schemes. In the procedure for binding YouTube account content as a fiduciary guarantee object that is categorized as copyright, it must first be registered and ratified at the Director General of Intellectual Property at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights.
Learning Methods of Basic Fiqh Worship At Madrasah Al-Barokah
Authors: Yahya Muhamad , Hidayani Lily , Pebriana Putri Hana , Simarmata Benget Tua , Alfiyanto Afif
Published: April 2023

Knowing the importance of increasing the effectiveness of methods in the learning process and achieving good learning outcomes, in a teaching and learning process, a method is needed that supports it so that educational goals can be achieved according to what has been planned properly. To determine the effectiveness of selecting the fiqh learning method at Madrasah Al-Barokah in Kota Daro1 village, the efforts made in teaching were to find the supporting and inhibiting factors in choosing the fiqh learning method at Madrasah Al-Barokah. The methods used by the author in learning fiqh are selected individually to take the best method to increase the effectiveness of learning ideally and efficiently. Abstrak: Mengetahui pentingnya peningkatan efektivitas metode dalam proses pembelajaran dan pencapaian hasil belajar yang baik, dalam suatu proses belajar mengajar diperlukan suatu metode yang mendukung agar tujuan pendidikan dapat tercapai sesuai dengan yang telah direncanakan dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui metode pembelajaran dasar fiqh ibadah di Madrasah Al-Barokah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode observasi langsung dan mempraktekkan metode pembelajaran dasar fiqh ibadah. Untuk mengetahui efektivitas dalam pemilihan metode pembelajaran fiqh di Madrasah Al-Barokah desa Kota Daro1, upaya-upaya yang dilakukan dalam mengajarkan untuk mengetahui yang menjadi faktor pendukung serta penghambat dalam pemilihan metode pembelajaran fiqh di Madrasah Al-Barokah. Adapun metode-metode yang digunakan penulis dalam pembelajaran fiqh diseleksi satu persatu untuk mengambil metode yang paling baik untuk meningkatkan efektivitas belajar secara ideal dan efisien.
Determinants of Dengue Fever Incidence in Dense Residential Areas: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nurdin  , Martini Martini , Rahardjo Mursid
Published: April 2023

The problem of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has become a major concern for the government in addition to other diseases both infectious and non-communicable. DHF every year always brings victims and is difficult to avoid. This study aims to determine the determinants of dengue incidence. This research uses the literature review method from various reference sources such as scientific journals, manuals from ministries/institutions, proceedings, books, and others. The results of this research reported that there are four determinants that affect the incidence of dengue fever in Indonesia, namely social, economic, environmental, and institutional factors. In the social factor, there are 4 sub-factors, while in the economic factor there are four, in the environment, there are seven and 11 of the institutional sub-factors. This research recommends that in overcoming dengue fever, it is necessary to do it thoroughly, involve all interested actors and be carried out programmatically and sustainably.
Informal Institutional Characteristics and Youth Involvement in Agribusiness Entrepreneurship in Fako Division, Cameroon: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Ntu Sonkey Louis , Egwu Bime Mary Juliet , Tambi Mbu Daniel
Published: April 2023

This study aims at examining the role of informal institutional characteristics on youth involvement in agribusiness entrepreneurship activities in the Fako division of the South West Region of Cameroon. Data were collected with the use of a self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires were administered using a stratified sampling technique. The target population was youths between the age of 18 to 35 years old who are involved in any agribusiness-related activity for commercial purposes. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 500 youths but only 451 of the questionnaires were returned without any error. We adopted a partial least square structural equation modeling technique (PLS-SEM) using SamrtPLS4.0. The findings revealed that the custom of the Fako people has a positive relationship with youth involvement in agribusiness entrepreneurship activities in the Fako division (β = 0.230, p < 0.000). However, the attitude of youths toward agricultural-related activities has a negative relationship with youths’ involvement in agribusiness entrepreneurship in the Fako division (β= –0.025, p < 0.560). Meanwhile, land tenure norms/fragmentation have a positive relationship with youths’ involvement in agribusiness entrepreneurship (β = 0.301, p < 0.,000), and traditional non-working days show a positive relationship with youths’ involvement in agribusiness entrepreneurship in Fako (β=0.274, p < 0.000).Serious attention should be given to influencing the attitude of youths toward agribusiness-related activities through sensitization programs such as organizing special agropastoral shows only for young people and other radio and TV programs.
A report on early prediction, detection & diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Khilar Rashmita , Subetha T. , Kayal P.
Published: April 2023

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is significantly increasing for older adults in the world nowadays. It affects 10% of people over the age of 65 and 50% of people over 85 years of age. The majority of patients live at home and they are cared for by their family and friends. AD disease is an unavoidable neurological type of disorder, where brain cells die slowly and result in memory loss, leading to Dementia. Sometimes AD disease also affects people of lower age groups. There are three stages of Dementia: 1) Mild, 2) Moderate and 3) Severe. Mild and Moderate stages are treated to some point and in the third stage, there is no treatment for the people. Therefore an early diagnosis is required for this type of disease to avoid a significant loss. As a result, early detection and prediction of infection are needed. Apart from medical researchers, researchers from IoT, AI, Machine Learning have also identified various techniques by which the disease can be predicted and the patient can be monitored for their daily activity. In this paper, various routines to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease are analyzed. The interpretation and evaluation techniques available are also listed out to the early diagnosis of the disease. We have also highlighted early detection and prediction techniques and the promising methods are emphasized.
Safety Measures Implemented at Site during COVID-19: A Case from Nepal
Authors: Mishra A. K. , Pokharel Anubhav , Aithal P. S.
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The situation has been unexpectedly bad with the rise of the global pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Construction industry has been struck with the challenges like human fatalities, decrease in labor productivity, disrupted material supply, and an unsafe working environment due to COVID. However, some of the major construction projects in the Koshi Province of Nepal were in operation even during COVID. The research aims to compare the safety measures implemented at the site during COVID-19 of Birat chowk- Ghinaghat and Kisan Chowk – Tandi – Ramite khola Road Upgrading Project. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data related to Safety Management Practices of construction projects at pre-COVID and COVID phases were collected by questionnaire survey. Data related to safety practices was collected through a checklist during field observation, questionnaire survey as well as key informant interview. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical tools such as correlation analysis and also general descriptive statistical tools and content analysis were performed. Findings/Result: The safety practices adopted during COVID, both the construction projects were found to have adopted similar measures of precautions to maintain workplace safety. On the other hand, Kisanchowk- Tandi- Ramite Road Upgrading Project seems to be less affected by the pandemic as several indicators remained neutral as compared to earlier conditions. The basic approaches such as masks, face shields, social distancing, hand washing, and sanitization were found to be practiced whereas higher preventions like vaccination for workers, and provision of COVID insurance was not practiced. This indicated that the contractor primarily focused on work completion disregarding the safety of workers at the workplace. On the other hand general safety provisions were found different on comparing the two projects as on seven studied parameters, different parameters were found to be highly differing in rank. Originality/Value: A Comparative assessment of safety during COVID-19 highlights the preparedness needed in a similar pandemic. Paper Type: Research paper
Foto Realizm’in Sanat Ontolojisi Bağlamında Temellendirilmesi Ve Anlamsal Boyutu
Authors: YALIM Adnan
Published: April 2023

Foto Realizm ya da Foto Gerçekçilik, 1960’lardan itibaren Amerika’da Pop-Art Sanat Akımı içerisinde gelişerek, zamanla başlı başına bir sanat anlayışı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Zaman içerisinde popülaritesi artan Foto Realizm, bugün için evrensel boyutta etkisini sürdüren bir sanat akımı olarak varlığını devam ettirmektedir. Bununla birlikte var olan bir gerçekliğin yani fotoğrafın, yeniden üretilerek resme yansıtılmasının, yaratıcılık yoksunluğu dolayısıyla Klasik Resim Sanatıyla kıyaslandığında özgünlükten uzak oluşu bakımından Foto Realizm önemli eleştiriler almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Foto Realizme yöneltilen eleştirilerin aksine, Foto Realizm ’in kendi başına taşıdığı özgünlüğe odaklanılmaktadır. Her şeyden önce Foto Realizm ’de resim, her ne kadar fotoğraftan yola çıkılarak yapılmış olsa da ortaya çıkan ürün, fotoğraftan bağımsız anlamsal içerik taşımaktadır. Zira sanatçının kullandığı teknikten malzemeye, kişisel tavrından üslubuna ve yorumlama şekline kadar uzanan bir anlam dünyası içinde, fotoğraf kendi varlığını yitirerek yeni bir varlığa dönüşmektedir. Fotoğrafın mekanik yüzeyselliği, sanatçının duygular ve anlam dünyasıyla yeniden yoğrularak bambaşka bir anlam kazanmaktadır. Ezcümle çalışmanın iddiası, Foto Realizm ’in kendi içinde başlı başına bir özgünlük ve yaratıcılık taşıdığıdır. Bu iddiadan yola çıkılarak, çağdaş sanat ontolojisi bağlamında Foto Realizm ’in anlamı sorgulandıktan sonra fotografik imgenin resme dönüşmesiyle ortaya çıkan yeni gerçekliğin, yeni resim anlayışının, resim sanatı açısından ne ifade ettiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Advances and Review of Machine Learning Applications in Urban Studies from 2005 to 2020
Authors: ZENG Wenjing , ZHOU Kai , XIONG Yiqun
Published: April 2023

Machine learning, as a new method for data mining and problem prediction, has been widely used in various fields of urban studies in recent years, which requires a periodical summary of relevant literature. Start with data types, selection and preprocessing, this paper introduces the characteristics and applicability of various machine learning algorithms, and analyzes the cross-fields, hot spots, frontiers and trends of machine learning and urban studies from 2005 to 2020 by using Citespace. Second, focusing on the application of supervised machine learning algorithms from relevant literature in the past five years, a review is made from four main aspects including urban traffic, urban ecology, physical geography, human geography, and the tentative explorations of unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning and reinforcement learning method in urban studies are unscrambled as well. Finally, the advantages of machine learning methods are summarized, and it􀆳s proposed that the application potential of various machine learning methods in multiple fields and perspectives of urban research should be explored in the future, and the cutting-edge trend of efficient combination of intelligent technology and methods with urban research should be grasped.
ХОШ ИІСТІ КӨМІРСУТЕКТЕРДІҢ ФИЗИКАЛЫҚ ҚАСИЕТТЕРІН СИПАТТАЙТЫН ПАРАМЕТРЛЕРІНЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРАНЫҢ ӘСЕРІН ЗЕРТТЕУ
Authors: Т. Бижігітов  , А. Н. Аманбаева  , Ә. Д. Баймахан
Published: April 2023

"Мақалада хош иісті көмірсутектердегі серпімді және қума толқынның қалыпты қысымдағы жылдамдығының және тығыздықтарының температураға тәуелділігін тәжірибе жүзінде анықтау, олардың серпімділік қасиеттерін сипаттайтын коэффициеттеріне температураның әсерін есептеп табуға мүмкіндік береді. Яғни мұнай өнімдерінен алынатын медициналық дәрі-дәрмектердің, өндіріс орындарында, техникада, энергетикада қолданылатын заттардың сапасын арттыруға ықпалын тигізеді. Этилбензол және хлорбензол сутектерінің изотермиялық, адиабаталық, сығылғыштық коэффициенттерінің және ондағы қума толқын жылдамдығының температураға тәуелділігі (300–400)К температура аралығында алғаш рет зерттеліп отыр. Таңдап алынған үлгілердегі қума толқын жылдамдығының температураға тәуелділігін өлшейтін қондырғы жинастырылып, атмосфералық қысымда изотермиялық, адиабаталық коэффициенттері мен тұрақты қысымдағы жылусыйымдылығының тұрақты көлемдегі жылусыйымдылыққа қатынасының температураға тәуелділіктерінің графиктері тұрғызылып, алынған нәтижелерге-түсініктемелер берілген. Үлгілерді зерттеу мақсатында импульстік ультрадыбыстық қондырғы жинастырылды. Жылудан оқшауланған ыдыстың ішіне зерттелетін үлгінің температурасы температурареттегіштен, терможұптан, айнымалы ток көзінен тұратын жүйенің көмегімен автоматты түрде 10К өзгертіліп дәлелділікпен өлшеніп отырылды. Қума толқынның көзі және қабылдағыш ретінде жиілігі 10 МГц кварцтан жасалған пьезоэлемент қолданылды. Сұйықтардың тығыздықтарының температураға тәуелділіктері арнайы ыдыста ареометрді пайдаланып өлшедік. Ал адиабаталық, изотермиялық коэффициенттері мен жылусыйымдылықтарының температураға тәуелділігін физикада белгілі заңдылықтар мен формулаларды қолданып есептедік. Тәжірибелік өлшеулер үшін жинастырылған қондырғының элементтері арнайы дүкендерге тапсырыс беру арқылы сатылып алынды. Кілтті сөздер: серпімді толқындар, изотермиялық, адиабаталық коэффициенттер, жылусыйымдылықтар, пьезоэлемент."
Air Quality Monitoring at Heavy Traffic Zone in Hyderabad
Authors: G. Thanusree  , M. Vijay Kiran  , A. Manideep Reddy  , Dr. R. Premsudha  , Arati Parida  , Keesagani Aakanksha  , G. Karthik Reddy
Published: April 2023

Recently the intensity and magnitude of air pollutant concentration has grown up rapidly in the troposphere. The air pollution is primarily associated with automobiles and industrial sources Hyderabad, capital of Telangana, is a center of southern part of India for both industrial and commercial activity. It is one of the most populous urban areas with approximately 6.8 million inhabitants and over 73,000 small, medium and major industrial establishments sharing the greater city.Air pollution in India is monitored by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) together with the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) in Nagpur. The National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) was started in 1984 with 7 sensor stations, 248 towns and cities have the air quality network of 591 Air Quality Monitoring Stations upto 2015, it is reported that in India 2022 added 180 manual air quality monitoring stations, increasing their number to 883 to achieve the target of 1,500 by 2024. For our study due to practical difficulties to collect, analysis the air quality, pollutants data has been collected from CPCB.The dataset contains City, Date, PM2.5, PM10, NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, CO, SO2, O3, Benzene, Toulene, Xylene, Air Quality Index (AQI). Hyderabad was divided into 6 zones, air quality monitoring sensors is located at 14 places in and around six zones. For our study we selected 2 stations Newmalakpet and Sanathnagar based on heavy traffic area to analyse the maximum concentration of pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, NO2, NO3, SO2, CO, for the period of three months ( Dec 2022,Jan, Feb 2023).It was observed at site 1 to site 52PM2.5,range 120 to 249 µg/m3 is very poor as per AQI, PM10 range 101.2 to 171 µg/m3 is moderately polluted as per AQI, NO2 range 7.46 to 32.9 µg/m3 is good as per AQI, NH3 range3.06 to 5.44 is good as per AQI, SO2 is 12.97 to 8.53 µg/m3 is good ,CO 61.83 to 71.9 is severe as per AQI, continuous air quality monitoring is necessary to protect environment and human health
La estructura de hormigón como definidora de la forma arquitectónica
Authors: Moreno Hernández Álvaro , Ramos Abengózar José Antonio
Published: April 2023

La capacidad estructural o resistente del hormigón es posiblemente la más desarrollada por la construcción atendiendo a su componente técnica. Sin embargo, su cualidad estructural como generadora o definidora de la forma arquitectónica tiene otras connotaciones. Inevitablemente se apoya en la técnica propia de un edificio construido, pero hace necesario indagar en la génesis del proyecto, en cómo el hormigón se conforma como materia arquitectónica única capaz de ordenar ese resultado. Este escrito profundiza en dicho análisis: caracteriza la propuesta de arquitectura implícita en la tesis, identifica el momento estelar que origina esta investigación y reconoce en arquitecturas contemporáneas diferentes discursos que se pueden derivar de ello. Para lograrlo, se establece una argumentación en tres etapas denominadas tiempo -1, tiempo 0 y tiempo 1. La intención última es identificar de forma indisoluble al material –hormigón– con la capacidad de definir la obra de arquitectura a través de la estructura.
Explorando la respuesta hidrodinámica de un río altamente perturbado por erupciones volcánicas: el Río Blanco, Chaitén (Chile)
Authors: Mazzorana Bruno , Bahamondes Rosas Diego , Montecinos Liz , Ruiz-Villanueva Virginia , Rojas Iván
Published: April 2023

En este trabajo se exploró la respuesta hidrodinámica del Río Blanco ante flujos trifásicos (agua, sedimento y madera), en un contexto de perturbación volcánica. La escasa información hidrológica dificulta el uso de métodos tradicionales, por lo que se definió una alternativa metodológica para determinar la peligrosidad de inundaciones a través de modelos numéricos (Iber) y el diseño de escenarios. Los resultados mostraron que el caudal necesario para el desborde del río varía entre 850 y 950 m3/s para flujos monofásicos (solo agua), mientras que para los flujos trifásicos el caudal fue mucho menor (entre 700 y 800 m3/s). Además, se observaron diferencias significativas en el área inundada entre los escenarios con distintas rugosidades y proporción de sedimento y madera en el flujo. Los resultados evidencian la gran complejidad y sensibilidad del sistema fluvial del Río Blanco.
Topología del espacio intermedio. La obra del arquitecto paisajista Jussi Jännes en Tapiola
Authors: Fernández-Vivancos González Enrique
Published: April 2023

Entre 1955 y 1967, Jussi Jännes tuvo la oportunidad de proyectar y construir la mayor parte del espacio público de Tapiola, ciudad de nueva planta finlandesa concebida como un laboratorio en el que ensayar soluciones extrapolables a otras intervenciones urbanas. Esta condición experimental le permitió elaborar una delicada secuencia de espacios intermedios capaz de articular entre si las diferentes escalas y ámbitos de la ciudad, desde lo territorial hasta lo doméstico, favoreciendo con ello la conectividad ambiental y la inclusividad social como valores cualitativos de lo urbano. El presente artículo aborda un análisis de dicha experiencia con el objetivo de contribuir a identificar y valorar el papel que juegan los espacios de mediación, surgidos en este caso de la superposición y entrelazamiento de realidades diversas, en la vida del espacio público de nuestras ciudades. La revisión crítica del caso propuesto resulta relevante en un momento como el actual, en el que se reorientan las prácticas de la planificación y el diseño urbano en base a la definición previa de las redes interconectadas de espacios de alto valor social, ambiental y cultural que hoy conocemos como infraestructuras verdes y azules.
Color y expresión artística a través de la cerámica arquitectónica en la última etapa de la obra de Oscar Niemeyer
Authors: De la Torre Fornés Irene , Valero Ramos Elisa , Cabodevilla Artieda Ignacio
Published: April 2023

La extensa trayectoria profesional de Oscar Niemeyer refleja, en su última etapa, una cierta reiteración compositiva que desarrolla la pauta marcada por obras tan emblemáticas como la Iglesia de San Francisco de Asís, proyecto iniciático del arquitecto en su andadura por la sinuosidad formal. Las intenciones con las que Niemeyer emplea el revestimiento cerámico en el inicio de su carrera van desde la desmaterialización visual de los cerramientos, reforzando la lectura compositiva a la reivindicación de la tradición y cultura brasileña en el contexto del Movimiento Moderno, ofreciendo una cierta singularidad al edificio. Estas intenciones se ven revisadas en sus últimas obras, en las que la voluntad constante de Niemeyer de integrar diferentes manifestaciones culturales en el proyecto mediante la colaboración con diversos diseñadores, para reforzar el papel simbólico de la unión de las artes, se orienta ahora al despliegue de su propia creatividad, entendida como firma de autor.
Análise do bem-estar municipal no nordeste brasileiro sob a ótica do IDHM eficiente
Authors: Oliveira Renata Benício de , Sousa Eliane Pinheiro de , Rodrigues Alessandra Maria Gomes
Published: April 2023

O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) tem sido amplamente utilizado como guia para os gestores criarem políticas públicas, porém não considera se tais municípios estão alocando os recursos de forma eficiente. Portanto, este estudo objetiva mensurar um IDHM no Nordeste brasileiro incorporando a dimensão eficiência e comparar com o índice que não considera tal componente. Utilizou-se o método de Análise Envoltória dos Dados (DEA) para determinar a eficiência dos gastos com educação e saúde, que juntamente com o índice de Gini fizeram parte do cálculo do índice de eficiência média. Esse índice foi incluído à média geométrica do IDHM-Educação, IDHM-Longevidade e IDHM-Renda, resultando no índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal eficiente (IDHME). Os resultados mostraram que não necessariamente os altos níveis de bem-estar social dos municípios estão relacionados ao emprego adequado dos recursos públicos municipais.
Association between the North Carolina Medical Board opioid guideline update and opioid prescriptions in Medicare Part D beneficiaries
Authors: Gillette, PhD Chris , Bush, PhD Mark A. , Rogers, PharmD Candidate Kate M. L. , Mospan, PharmD, BCPS Geoffrey , Nealy, PharmD, BCPS, CDE, CPP Kimberly , DeGeeter, PharmD, BCACP, CDE Michelle , Robinson, PharmD, BCPS April M.
Published: April 2023

Objective: To examine if North Carolina (NC) opioid prescribing guidelines were associated with changes in opioid prescribing.Method: Retrospective secondary analysis of the Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data: Part D Prescriber datasets from 2013 to 2015.Participants: Providers who prescribed at least one opioid from 2013 to 2015 and paid by Medicare Part D.Main outcome measure: Per-prescriber Medicare-population adjusted number of analgesic opioid claims and per-prescriber average day supply. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to analyze the data.Results: There were significantly higher per-prescriber Medicare adjusted opioid claims in 2014 compared to 2015 (p < 0.001) but no difference between 2013 and 2015 (p = 0.584). GEE results also indicated that there was a significant increase in 2015 in per-prescriber average day supply, compared to 2013 and 2014 (both p < 0.0001).Conclusions: State opioid prescribing guidelines published in mid-2014 may have slowed the escalation of numbers of opioid prescriptions in NC. Future research should examine whether the guidelines were associated with changes in morphine equivalent dosing in NC during the same timeframe.
Volume 14, Number 4
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: April 2023

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Origins and Spread of the ‘Giessen
Model’ in University Science
Authors: Rocke Alan J.
Published: April 2023

In seeking to understand the rise of Justus Liebig’s model for research
and teaching, three interrelated and overlapping factors intrinsic to his
specialty of organic chemistry have not been sufficiently brought into
the explanatory field: the discovery of isomers, the novel practice of
using ‘paper tools’, and the ‘Kaliapparat’ method of organic analysis. The
existence of these three interacting factors made it a uniquely positioned
context within which to create the practices that eventually were associated
with all modern research universities.
Divided City I: East Berlin and the
Construction of Socialism (1949–1970)
Authors: Haderer Margaret
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines the reconstruction of East Berlin in the name of
socialism through the lens of mass housing. It shows how the search for
socialist semantics regarding the rebuilding of housing and the capital city
oscillated between the reinvention of national traditions due to Stalin’s
doctrine of ‘socialism in one country’ and the outright elimination of
this doctrine by standardization and prefabrication. The latter would
prevail: the prefabricated concrete tower, the Platte, became a symbol
of socialism. It signifies a ‘liquidating abstraction’ (Adorno) and, at the
same time, a radical and appreciated commitment to social equality. One
prominent counter-space to the Platte was the allotment garden, a space
that was simultaneously located within and outside of the socialist state.
Konut Fiyatları Tahmininde Makine Öğrenmesi Sınıflandırma Algoritmalarının Kullanılması: Kütahya Kent Merkezi Örneği
Authors: BURHAN Hasan Arda
Published: April 2023

Artan şehirleşme ve hızlı ekonomik gelişmeler konut piyasalarının büyümesine neden olmakta; bu bağlamda hem kentlere doğru göçün bir sonucu, hem de konutların yatırım ve servet koruma araçları olarak görülmeleri nedeniyle konut talebi de zaman içinde yükselmektedir. Öte yandan konut fiyatları birçok faktörden etkilenmekte olup, literatürde bunları içeren farklı modeller ve çeşitli yöntemler dâhilinde konut fiyat tahmin çalışmaları yapılmaktadır. Konut piyasalarının Türkiye’nin ekonomik büyüme araçlarından biri olarak taşıdığı öneme paralel olarak bu çalışmada Kütahya ili merkez ilçesinde hanehalkının büyük çoğunlukla ikamet ettiği 4 odalı (3+1) konut fiyatlarının sınıflandırma tahmini, konut fiyatlarını etkileyen çeşitli kriterler ve bunlara ilişkin verilerin yer aldığı bir modelin farklı makine öğrenmesi sınıflandırma algoritmalarında çalıştırılmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda Naive Bayes (NB) yöntemi dışındaki k-En Yakın Komşu (k-EYK), Karar Ağaçları (KA) ve Rastgele Orman (RO) algoritmaların doğruluk oranlarının %60 üzerinde olduğu, temel performans ölçütü olan AUC skorlarına göre ise en başarılı tahmin yönteminin RO ve bunu takiben k-EYK olduğu görüşmüştür. Sonuç olarak ele alınan değişkenler ve veri seti bağlamında söz konusu iki yöntemin Kütahya ili kent merkezindeki 4 odalı dairelerin konut fiyatlarının tahmininde başarılı sonuç verdiği görülmüştür.
¿«Nueva modernidad» para una jurisdicción social estancada?: retos en los entornos de una «sociedad digital del trabajo» y justicia «multinivel»
Authors: Molina Navarrete Cristóbal
Published: April 2023

1. La modernización de la justicia, de nuevo a debate. La impartición de justicia en todos los órdenes, y por ende en el social, a través de un proceso jurisdiccional tan ágil (eficiente) como ecuánime (equitativo: derecho humano civil europeo ex art. 6 Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos), vuelve a estar en el ojo del huracán, también en nuestro país (fuera de Europa, tiene actualidad en otros países, como Israel). A los problemas estructurales, nunca bien atendidos, por supuesto menos aún mínimamente resueltos, que arrastra desde hace demasiadas décadas, lleva años sumando otros coyunturales, que se alargan en el tiempo. Por supuesto, aunque no sea nada baladí, dejo de lado en este lugar el dislate institucional y democrático que supone el persistente bloqueo en la renovación de la cúpula de gobierno del Poder Judicial, por haber devenido ya más una cuestión político-partidista, lamentablemente, que jurídica, aunque el resultado sea una significativa quiebra del orden constitucional, incluso del propio orden comunitario, como nos ha advertido ya la Comisión Europea que, afanada y enfangada con el problema en países autoritarios del este europeo, no esperaba tener que preocuparse también por un país democrático, que en el segundo semestre del año asumirá, además, la presidencia de la Unión Europea, por lo que apremia reformas.
Experiências pedagógicas a partir da cultura: o caso de porto nacional (Tocantins, Brasil)
Authors: Santos Roberto De Souza
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo propõe-se levantar uma discussão teórica sobre a cultura no município de Porto Nacional (Tocantins, Brasil), a partir da análise de um estudo de caso: uma oficina pedagógica na Escola Estadual Dr. Pedro Ludovico Teixeira, com os alunos da turma do 2º ano do Ensino Médio Técnico em Segurança do Trabalho. A discussão teórica baseia em uma revisão bibliográfica, com autores que abordam sobre a cultura, tanto a regional quanto a local, bem como suas definições e significados. Além da oficina pedagógica, o estudo se utilizou de questionários aplicados entre gestores, professores, alunos e artistas representantes da cultura regional. Na prática, foi possível verificar que a cultura local ainda não é abordada pelas escolas de maior ênfase na região. Entretanto, constatou-se que a cultura regional continua resistindo no tempo e no espaço.
Caracterização das turmas do Ensino Médio como suporte para o planejamento da prática docente
Authors: Mantovani João Leonir
Published: April 2023

Este presente artigo visa caracterizar as turmas do Ensino Médio noturno da Escola de Educação Básica Padre João Stolte localizada no município de Botuverá/SC com a finalidade de elaborar um diagnóstico para contribuir com o planejamento da prática docente.  Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica com o objetivo de compreender o papel do uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação no ambiente escolar. Para levantamento de dados, inicialmente utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado para traçar um perfil dos estudantes do Ensino Médio noturno e, em seguida, procurou-se investigar os interesses dos estudantes pelos estudos bem como suas relações com as tecnologias da informação e comunicação.  Após a aplicação do questionário, os dados foram tabulados com o auxílio do Excel e apresentados nas discussões deste artigo. Concluiu-se que o público alvo desta pesquisa possui acesso e conecta-se com o mundo digital no seu cotidiano, tornando viável o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas como apoio potencial no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. A caracterização apresentada servirá como suporte para a elaboração de futuros planos de aulas que contemplem o uso das tecnologias de informação e os interesses dos estudantes identificados nesta pesquisa.
O ensino-aprendizagem fundamentado no raciocínio geográfico como subsídio à análise comparada das normativas curriculares da Educação Básica no Brasil e na Itália
Authors: Botelho Lucio Antonio Leite Alvarenga , Valadão Roberto Célio , Rocca Lorena
Published: April 2023

Parcela considerável das pesquisas mais recentes do campo da Geografia Escolar tem se dedicado à investigação do modus operandi empregado na interpretação da espacialidade de fatos e fenômenos. Por conseguinte, operações mentais essenciais ao exercício de um raciocínio efetivamente geográfico são, na atualidade, objeto de investigações sistemáticas. É em atendimento a essa realidade contemporânea que se registra em vários países iniciativas voltadas para a reformulação recente de suas normativas curriculares que orientam o ensino da geografia e, consequentemente, de seus sistemas de ensino. A fim de se identificar e compreender a geografia prescrita nos documentos oficiais que regem a educação no Brasil e na Itália, este artigo apresenta os resultados da análise comparada entre estes documentos nacionais. Nessa análise empregamos a Grounded Theory e tomamos como referência e fundamento os conceitos substantivos que julgamos imprescindíveis à análise geográfica (espaço – escala – tempo) e ao desenvolvimento de um raciocínio efetivamente geográfico. Os resultados dessa análise revelam um conjunto de condições significativas, diversificadas e, até mesmo, em certa medida, discrepantes quanto à geografia que se pretende ensinar em ambos os países.
Estágio supervisionado em Geografia: considerações acerca do conteúdo relação campo-cidade e seus desdobramentos no espaço geográfico brasileiro
Authors: Lima Tiago Barreto , Santos Johnathan Cardoso , Nascimento Maycon Santos , De Oliveira Alberlene Ribeiro
Published: April 2023

O capitalismo assume, no Brasil, sua fase monopolista a partir da década de 1940, com destaque para o pós-1960, quando se difunde a “Revolução Verde”. Diante de pacotes verdes que englobavam a entrada massiva de maquinários pesados e o uso de sementes e animais geneticamente modificados, o país torna-se cenário de transformações rápidas e intensas, tanto no espaço rural, quanto no espaço urbano. Nesse ínterim, o presente trabalho é produto do Projeto de Ensino apresentado como requisito parcial à aprovação na disciplina Estágio Supervisionado em Ensino de Geografia III, do Departamento de Geografia, Campus Prof. Alberto Carvalho, da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. O projeto foi direcionado aos discentes do 7º Ano do Ensino Fundamental II do Colégio Estadual Prof. Nestor Carvalho Lima, situado na cidade de Itabaiana-SE. O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a relação campo-cidade e seus desdobramentos no espaço geográfico a partir da Revolução Verde (1960). O método de análise desta pesquisa foi o materialismo histórico dialético, com o propósito de trazer à tona as contradições engendradas pelas relações existentes entre os espaços urbanos e rurais e baseou-se na abordagem qualitativa, visando abarcar as experiências desenvolvidas ao longo do processo ensino-aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, os alunos compreenderam os conceitos discutidos sobre a relação campo-cidade e seus desdobramentos que auxiliaram no entendimento desses rearranjos materializados no espaço agrário e no espaço urbano, a contribuir no desnudar da relação natureza-sociedade.
O ensino das regiões brasileiras: da categoria ao desenvolvimento do raciocínio geográfico
Authors: Silva Maria Edwirges Gomes da , Melo Josandra Araújo Barreto de
Published: April 2023

Os estudos com enfoques regionais estão bastante presentes no ensino de Geografia da educação básica. Contudo, há algumas questões que envolvem o ensino-aprendizagem da categoria região na Geografia escolar, tais como discussões sobre sua utilidade na compreensão do espaço geográfico, a necessidade de revisão de conceitos e de alguns métodos e as estratégias adotadas. Referenciando-se nessa problemática, o presente artigo objetiva contribuir com uma proposta metodológica para o ensino das regiões brasileiras e proporcionar uma breve reflexão acerca do ensino dessa categoria na educação básica, embasando-se na experiência e resultados alcançados a partir das atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do Programa Institucional Residência Pedagógica, com os alunos das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental – Anos Finais, da Escola Municipal Padre Antonino, em Campina Grande-PB, as quais resultaram de forma positiva na compreensão dos alunos sobre a categoria região e sua importância para o entendimento das diversidades e singularidades que compõem o espaço geográfico brasileiro. Com isso, ressalta a relevância da região no ensino-aprendizagem de Geografia como uma categoria que mune os estudantes para pensar e agir espacialmente por meio do raciocínio geográfico.
Development of Postgraduate Education Attitude Scale: (PEAS) Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: ÇETİN Şaban , EKE Kübra , YILMAZ Hatice Büşra , TAŞKIN GÖKÇE Tülay Gül , GORKAS Busra
Published: April 2023

The aim of this research is to develop “Postgraduate Education Attitude Scale (PEAS)” to be used for determining attitudes of master’s and doctoral students toward graduate education. The data were collected from 441 participants via an online survey tool. For content validity, opinions of four experts were elicited while exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed for construct validity of the scale. As a result of the analysis, a 21-item scale consisting of three factors named "valuing graduate education, prioritizing graduate education, resistance to graduate education" was obtained. The total variance explained by the three-factor structure is 61.209%. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was estimated for reliability analysis. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the entire scale was found to be .94, and the reliability coefficients for the sub-dimensions were .91, .87, and .86, respectively. Item-total correlations and comparisons between upper and lower groups indicated that all items in the scale were discriminative. The correlation coefficients between the total scale score and the sub-dimensions ranged from 0.58 to 0.92, and a medium to high level positive relationship was found at α=0.01 significance level. Based on the obtained data, a valid and reliable measuring tool was developed to determine the attitudes of postgraduate students towards postgraduate education.
Understanding variations in downwelling longwave radiation using Brutsaert's equation
Authors: Tian Yinglin , Zhong Deyu , Ghausi Sarosh Alam , Wang Guangqian , Kleidon Axel
Published: April 2023

Abstract. A dominant term in the surface energy balance and central to global warming is downwelling longwave radiation (Rld). It is influenced by radiative properties of the atmospheric column, in particular by greenhouse gases, water vapour, clouds and differences in atmospheric heat storage. We use the semi-empirical equation derived by Brutsaert (1975) to identify the leading terms responsible for the spatio-temporal climatological variations in Rld. This equation requires only near-surface observations of air temperature and humidity. We first evaluated this equation and its extension by Crawford and Duchon (1999) with observations from FLUXNET, the NASA-CERES dataset , and the ERA5 reanalysis. We found a strong agreement with r2 ranging from 0.87 to 0.99 across the datasets for clear-sky and all-sky conditions. We then used the equations to show that diurnal and seasonal variations in Rld are predominantly controlled by changes in atmospheric heat storage. Variations in the emissivity of the atmosphere form a secondary contribution to the variation in Rld, and are mainly controlled by anomalies in cloud cover. We also found that as aridity increases, the contributions from changes in emissivity and atmospheric heat storage tend to offset each other (−40 W m−2 and 20−30 W m−2, respectively), explaining the relatively small decrease in Rld with aridity (−(10−20) W/m−2). These equations thus provide a solid physical basis for understanding the spatio-temporal variability of surface downwelling longwave radiation. This should help to better understand and interpret climatological changes, such as those associated with extreme events and global warming.