bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of non‐impacted third molar removal on the periodontal condition of adjacent second molars
Authors: Sun Li‐Juan , Qu Hong‐Lei , Tian Yi , Bi Chun‐Sheng , Zhang Shu‐Yin , Chen Fa‐Ming
Published: February 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine how the removal of non‐impacted third molars (N‐M3s) affects the periodontal status of neighboring second molars (M2s).

Subjects and Methods

The periodontal condition of M2s for which the neighboring N‐M3s were removed (more than 6 months previously) and those with intact N‐M3s was analyzed in a cross‐sectional observation study. In an additional case series, periodontal changes in M2s in response to adjacent N‐M3 removal were observed during a 6‐month follow‐up period.

Results

A total of 457 patients with 1,301 M2s were enrolled in this cross‐sectional observational study. Compared to M2s with neighboring N‐M3s, M2s without neighboring N‐M3s (teeth removed more than 6 months previously) exhibited a 0.27‐mm reduction in the average pocket depth (PD) (p < .001) and a 0.38‐fold reduced risk of at least one probing site with PD ≥5 mm (PD5+) (p < .001). Subsequently, a 41‐case follow‐up study showed that 6 months after neighboring N‐M3 extraction, the PD of the M2s decreased by 0.31 mm (p < .001), while the incidence of PD5+ decreased by 21.9% when compared to the parameters detected before tooth extraction (p = .004).

Conclusions

Removing N‐M3s was associated with an improved periodontal condition in neighboring M2s.
Host factors influence the sex of nematodes parasitizing roots of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Anjam Muhammad Shahzad , Shah Syed Jehangir , Matera Christiane , Różańska Elżbieta , Sobczak Miroslaw , Siddique Shahid , Grundler Florian M. W.
Published: February 2020

Plant‐parasitic cyst nematodes induce hypermetabolic syncytial nurse cells in the roots of their host plants. Syncytia are their only food source. Cyst nematodes are sexually dimorphic, with their differentiation into male or female strongly influenced by host environmental conditions. Under favourable conditions with plenty of nutrients, more females develop, whereas mainly male nematodes develop under adverse conditions such as in resistant plants. Here, we developed and validated a method to predict the sex of beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) during the early stages of its parasitism in the host plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We collected root segments containing male‐associated syncytia (MAS) or female‐associated syncytia (FAS), isolated syncytial cells by laser microdissection, and performed a comparative transcriptome analysis. Genes belonging to categories of defence, nutrient deficiency, and nutrient starvation were over‐represented in MAS as compared with FAS. Conversely, gene categories related to metabolism, modification, and biosynthesis of cell walls were over‐represented in FAS. We used β‐glucuronidase analysis, qRT‐PCR, and loss‐of‐function mutants to characterize FAS‐ and MAS‐specific candidate genes. Our results demonstrate that various plant‐based factors, including immune response, nutrient availability, and structural modifications, influence the sexual fate of the cyst nematodes.
A Sociological Review of China's Social Credit Systems and Guanxi Opportunities for Social Mobility
Authors: Raghunath Nilanjan
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes a novel understanding of social mobility in China by exploring the literature on social credit systems. I propose that social credit systems, which include credit rating systems and factors of social governance, can affect occupational attainment, as they may influence or function in tandem with guanxi networks. Through social credit systems, there could possibly be a new order of stratification powered by norms of social conformity. These systems can curtail social mobility efforts by designating some individuals as high risk. In addition, these systems can regulate social behaviors, as actions that are considered “right” are rewarded, while “wrong” actions result in penalties.
Visitor Erosion in Fragile Landscapes: Balancing conflicting agendas of access and conservation at properties in care in Scotland
Authors: Pickering Rachel
Published: February 2020

There are difficult and often conflicting agendas to balance with regard to managing historic and archaeological sites as visitor attractions. This article discusses the significant impact of high visitor numbers at archaeologically sensitive sites in the care of Historic Environment Scotland and the approaches taken to mitigate the consequent erosion and manage access. Understanding a monument's significance, a robust management plan and stakeholder and community engagement are essential to successful long-term conservation. Two cases studies are discussed: Holyrood Park, Edinburgh, and the Ring of Brodgar, Orkney.
Transferable Benefits of Cycle Hypoventilation Training for Run-Based Performance in Team-Sport Athletes
Authors: Woorons Xavier , Billaut François , Vandewalle Henry
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To determine whether high-intensity training with voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (VHL) in cycling could improve running performance in team-sport athletes. Methods: Twenty well-fit subjects competing in different team sports completed, over a 3-week period, 6 high-intensity training sessions in cycling (repeated 8-s exercise bouts at 150% of maximal aerobic power) either with VHL or with normal breathing conditions. Before (Pre) and after (Post) training, the subjects performed a repeated-sprint-ability test (RSA) in running (12 × 20-m all-out sprints), a 200-m maximal run, and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 test (YYIR1). Results: There was no difference between Pre and Post in the mean and best velocities reached in the RSA test, as well as in performance and maximal blood lactate concentration in the 200-m-run trial in both groups. On the other hand, performance was greater in the second part of the RSA test, and the fatigue index of this test was lower (5.18% [1.3%] vs 7.72% [1.6%]; P < .01) after the VHL intervention only. Performance was also greater in the YYIR1 in the VHL group (1468 [313] vs 1111 [248] m; P < .01), whereas no change occurred in the normal-breathing-condition group. Conclusion: This study showed that performing high-intensity cycle training with VHL could improve RSA and possibly endurance performance in running. On the other hand, this kind of approach does not seem to induce transferable benefits for anaerobic performance.
Examining the Relationship Between Mental Skills and Grit in Senior Olympic Athletes
Authors: Newland Aubrey , Gitelson Rich , Legg W. Eric
Published: February 2020

Given the challenge of consistent physical activity among aging adults, it is important to find ways to increase physical activity levels in this population. Participants in the Senior Olympic Games may extend their sport participation through the use of mental skills. This study examined the relationship between mental skills use by Senior Olympic Games participants and their grit, or passion and perseverance, toward a long-term goal. The participants in the Arizona Senior Olympic Games (n = 304) completed an online survey of mental skills use (Athletic Coping Skills Inventory) and grit (Grit Scale-Short). Based on the ongoing validity and reliability issues of the Grit Scale-Short, two regression models were examined, with consistency of interests (passion) and perseverance of effort (perseverance) as dependent variables. After controlling for age and sex, mental skills accounted for 15.2% of the variance in consistency of interests and 13.1% of the variability in perseverance of effort. The results are discussed in light of the findings.
Environmental Influences on Children’s Physical Activity in Early Childhood Education and Care
Authors: Tonge Karen , Jones Rachel A. , Okely Anthony D.
Published: February 2020

Background: To examine the relationship between attributes of early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings and children’s physical activity and sedentary behavior.Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 490 children aged 2–5 years from 11 ECECs. The ECEC routine, size of the outdoor environment, and time spent in the outdoor environment were calculated for each center. Children’s physical activity and sedentary time were measured using accelerometers. Multivariate linear regressions were used to examine associations of the attributes of ECEC centers with the outcome variables, adjusting for the effects of center clustering and gender.Results: Children in ECECs that offered free routines (where children can move freely between indoor and outdoor environments) had lower levels of sedentary time (28.27 min/h vs 33.15 min/h;P = .001) and spent more time in total physical activity (7.99 min/h vs 6.57 min/h;P = .008) and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (9.49 min/h vs 7.31 min/h;P = .008). Children in ECECs with an outdoor environment >400 m2had less sedentary time (28.94 min/h vs 32.42 min/h;P = .012) than those with areas <400 m2.Conclusion: Modifiable practices such as offering a free routine and increasing time spent in outdoor environments could potentially offer an easy and sustainable way for ECEC centers to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary time among children.
Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G is regulated by a large network of genes pleiotropic with inflammatory diseases
Authors: Klarić Lucija , Tsepilov Yakov A. , Stanton Chloe M. , Mangino Massimo , Sikka Timo Tõnis , Esko Tõnu , Pakhomov Eugene , Salo Perttu , Deelen Joris , McGurnaghan Stuart J. , Keser Toma , Vučković Frano , Ugrina Ivo , Krištić Jasminka , Gudelj Ivan , Štambuk Jerko , Plomp Rosina , Pučić-Baković Maja , Pavić Tamara , Vilaj Marija , Trbojević-Akmačić Irena , Drake Camilla , Dobrinić Paula , Mlinarec Jelena , Jelušić Barbara , Richmond Anne , Timofeeva Maria , Grishchenko Alexander K. , Dmitrieva Julia , Bermingham Mairead L. , Sharapov Sodbo Zh. , Farrington Susan M. , Theodoratou Evropi , Uh Hae-Won , Beekman Marian , Slagboom Eline P. , Louis Edouard , Georges Michel , Wuhrer Manfred , Colhoun Helen M. , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Perola Markus , Fischer Krista , Polasek Ozren , Campbell Harry , Rudan Igor , Wilson James F. , Zoldoš Vlatka , Vitart Veronique , Spector Tim , Aulchenko Yurii S. , Lauc Gordan , Hayward Caroline
Published: February 2020

Variation in key transcription factors and glycogenes modifies IgG glycosylation and has an influence on inflammatory diseases.
High rate of extrapair paternity in a human population demonstrates diversity in human reproductive strategies
Authors: Scelza B. A. , Prall S. P. , Swinford N. , Gopalan S. , Atkinson E. G. , McElreath R. , Sheehama J. , Henn B. M.
Published: February 2020

Himba have an extrapair paternity rate of 48% with both men and women highly accurate at detecting cases of EPP.
Artificial intelligence in cancer therapy
Authors: Ho Dean
Published: February 2020

Artificial intelligence can optimize cancer drug discovery, development, and administration
A geometrically adaptable heart valve replacement
Authors: Hofferberth Sophie C. , Saeed Mossab Y. , Tomholt Lara , Fernandes Matheus C. , Payne Christopher J. , Price Karl , Marx Gerald R. , Esch Jesse J. , Brown David W. , Brown Jonathan , Hammer Peter E. , Bianco Richard W. , Weaver James C. , Edelman Elazer R. , del Nido Pedro J.
Published: February 2020

A biomimetic prosthetic heart valve is geometrically adaptable to accommodate somatic growth and structural asymmetries within the hearts of sheep.
Constraining sources and relative flow rates of bottom waters in the Late Cretaceous Pacific Ocean
Authors: Haynes Shannon J. , MacLeod Kenneth G. , Ladant Jean-Baptiste , Guchte Andrew Vande , Rostami Masoud A. , Poulsen Christopher J. , Martin Ellen E.
Published: February 2020

Geochemical data suggest that ocean circulation patterns changed over a period of long-term cooling during the last 10 m.y. of the Cretaceous (late Campanian–Maastrichtian). Proposed changes include enhanced deep-water formation in the South Atlantic and/or Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean, initiation or enhanced deep-water formation in the North Atlantic, and alternating regions of deep convection in the North and South Pacific. Existing geochemical data do not allow simple confirmation or rejection of any of these scenarios. To test Pacific circulation during the Maastrichtian, we measured neodymium isotopic (εNd) values from four Pacific Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program sites and compare results both to Earth system model simulations using Maastrichtian paleogeography and to previous studies. Pacific εNd results consistently show a small negative εNd excursion during a well-documented, ∼1–3 m.y. early Maastrichtian cooling pulse (EMCP) but no other consistent trends across the late Campanian–late Maastrichtian interval (∼10 m.y.). Model results show that different CO2 forcings lead to changes in rates, but not patterns, of circulation. These combined results support the existence of a sustained source region for intermediate and deep waters in the southwestern Pacific throughout the late Campanian–Maastrichtian and indicate that changes in εNd values during the EMCP reflect an increased rate of overturning in the Pacific rather than changes in the source area of Pacific bottom waters.
Better HbA1c during the first years after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is associated with residual C peptide 10 years later
Authors: Grönberg Annika , Espes Daniel , Carlsson Per-Ola
Published: February 2020

Objective

To identify the factors associated with residual C peptide production at least 10 years after diagnosis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Research design and methods

73 children and adolescents (<25 years), born in 1988–2005, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were included during the 4-year study period (2013–2016). At least 10 years after diagnosis, we measured any remaining C peptide concentration using an ultrasensitive C peptide ELISA (≥1.17 pmol/L). The average hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was calculated during each of the 10 years after diagnosis and further grand average was calculated for the entire study period.

Results

C peptide was detectable in 38% of participants. The C peptide concentration was 4.3±5.3 pmol/L. At onset of type 1 diabetes, participants were on average approximately 5 years of age, and their average HbA1c was 9.4% (79 mmol/mol). During the first 3 years after diagnosis, HbA1c was lower in the group with detectable C peptide at follow-up ≥10 years later. Moreover, detectable C peptide was more common among female participants. Body mass index SD scores had not increased since the 1-year follow-up, but were higher in patients with measurable C peptide. Nine participants (12%) had been diagnosed with celiac disease and two (3%) with hypothyreosis. Eighteen (25%) participants had retinopathy.

Conclusions

Children and adolescents with detectable C peptide after more than 10 years of diabetes duration were predominantly female and had better HbA1c than others during the first 3 years after diagnosis.
Abdominal obesity and hypertension are correlated with health-related quality of life in Taiwanese adults with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Chen Sue-Hsien , Chen Shu-Ching , Lai Yo-Ping , Chen Pin-Hsuan , Yeh Kun-Yun
Published: February 2020

Objective

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) gains more attention due to high prevalence of obesity, diabetes and hypertension among adults. Although obesity, diabetes and hypertension can certainly compromise health-related quality of life (HRQoL), the correlations of sociodemographic factors, quality of life and MetS remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between HRQoL and MetS in an Asian community of the sociodemographic characteristics.

Research design and methods

We performed a cross-sectional study by recruiting 2588 Taiwanese patients aged ≥30 years between August 2015 and August 2017. Sociodemographic data and anthropometric variables were obtained from medical records and physical examination. Meanwhile, HRQoL was assessed by 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaires.

Results

The overall prevalence of MetS was 32.8%. Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥65 years (OR=1.987, p<0.001), body mass index (BMI) ≥24 kg/m2(OR=7.958, p<0.001), low educational level (OR=1.429, p=0.014), bad self-perceived health status (OR=1.315, p=0.01), and betel nut usage (OR=1.457, p=0.048) were associated with the development of MetS. For patients with MetS, the physical and mental health domains of HRQoL are negatively correlated with abdominal obesity and hypertension, respectively.

Conclusions

Adult MetS in Taiwan was associated with certain sociodemographic factors including older age, high BMI, low educational level, bad self-perceived health status, and betel nut use. Abdominal obesity and hypertension was correlated with HRQoL in patients with MetS.
Evaluation of the effect of multidisciplinary simulation-based team training on patients, staff and organisations: protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster-mixed methods study of a national, insurer-funded initiative for surgical teams in New Zealand public hospitals
Authors: Weller Jennifer , Long Jennifer Anne , Beaver Peter , Cumin David , Frampton Chris , Garden Alexander L , Moore Matthew , Webster Craig S , Merry Alan
Published: February 2020

Introduction

NetworkZ is a national, insurer-funded multidisciplinary simulation-based team-training programme for all New Zealand surgical teams. NetworkZ is delivered in situ, using full-body commercial simulators integrated with bespoke surgical models. Rolled out nationally over 4 years, the programme builds local capacity through instructor training and provision of simulation resources. We aim to improve surgical patient outcomes by improving teamwork through regular simulation-based multidisciplinary training in all New Zealand hospitals.

Methods and analysis

Our primary hypothesis is that surgical patient outcomes will improve following NetworkZ. Our secondary hypotheses are that teamwork processes will improve, and treatment injury claims will decline. In addition, we will explore factors that influence implementation and sustainability of NetworkZ and identify organisational changes following its introduction. The study uses a stepped-wedge cluster design. The intervention will roll out at yearly intervals to four cohorts of five District Health Boards. Allocation to cohort was purposive for year 1, and subsequently randomised. The primary outcome measure is Days Alive and Out of Hospital at 90 days using patient data from an existing national administrative database. Secondary outcomes measures will include analysis of postoperative complications and treatment injury claims, surveys of teamwork and safety culture, in-theatre observations and stakeholder interviews.

Ethics and dissemination

We believe this is the first surgical team training intervention to be implemented on a national scale, and a unique opportunity to evaluate a nation-wide team-training intervention for healthcare teams. By using a pre-existing large administrative data set, we have the potential to demonstrate a difference to surgical patient outcomes. This will be of interest to those working in the field of healthcare teamwork, quality improvement and patient safety. New Zealand Health and Disability Ethic Committee approval (#16/NTB/143).

Trial registration number

Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ID ACTRN12617000017325 and the Universal Trial Number is U1111-1189-3992.
Feasibility and acceptability of introducing advance care planning on a thoracic medicine inpatient ward: an exploratory mixed method study
Authors: Hjorth Nina Elisabeth , Schaufel Margrethe Aase , Sigurdardottir Katrin Ruth , Haugen Dagny R Faksvåg
Published: February 2020

Background and aims

Advance care planning (ACP) is communication about wishes and preferences for end-of-life care. ACP is not routinely used in any Norwegian hospitals. We performed a pilot study (2014–2017) introducing ACP on a thoracic medicine ward in Norway. The aims of this study were to explore which topics patients discussed during ACP conversations and to assess how patients, relatives and clinicians experienced the acceptability and feasibility of performing ACP.

Methods

Conversations were led by a study nurse or physician using a semistructured guide, encouraging patients to talk freely. Each conversation was summarised in a report in the patient’s medical record. At the end of the pilot period, clinicians discussed their experiences in focus group interviews. Reports and transcribed interviews were analysed using systematic text condensation.

Results

Fifty-one patients participated in ACP conversations (41–86 years; 9 COPD, 41 lung cancer, 1 lung fibrosis; 11 women); 18 were accompanied by a relative. Four themes emerged: (1) disturbing symptoms, (2) existential topics, (3) care planning and (4) important relationships. All participants appreciated the conversations. Clinicians (1 physician and 7 nurses) participated in two focus group interviews. Reports from ACP conversations revealed patient values previously unknown to clinicians; important information was passed on to primary care. Fearing they would deprive patients of hope, clinicians acted as gatekeepers for recruitment. Although they reported barriers during recruitment, many clinicians saw ACP as pertinent and called for time and skills to integrate it into their daily clinical practice.

Conclusions

Patients, relatives and clinicians showed a positive attitude towards ACP. Focusing on present and future symptom control may be an acceptable way to introduce ACP. Important aspects for implementing ACP in this patient group are management support, education, training, feasible routines and allocated time to perform the conversations.
Dual targeting of TGF-β and PD-L1 via a bifunctional anti-PD-L1/TGF-βRII agent: status of preclinical and clinical advances
Authors: Lind Hanne , Gameiro Sofia R , Jochems Caroline , Donahue Renee N. , Strauss Julius , Gulley James L , Palena Claudia , Schlom Jeffrey
Published: February 2020

Immunosuppressive entities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain a major impediment to immunotherapeutic approaches for a majority of patients with cancer. While the immunosuppressive role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the TME is well known, clinical studies to date with anti-TGF-β agents have led to limited success. The bifunctional agent bintrafusp alfa (previously designated M7824) has been developed in an attempt to address this issue. Bintrafusp alfa consists of an IgG1targeting programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) moiety fused via peptide linkers to the extracellular domain of two TGF-β receptor II molecules designed to ‘trap’ TGF-β in the TME. This agent is able to bring the TGF-β trap to the TME via its anti-PD-L1 component, thus simultaneously attacking both the immunosuppressive PD-L1 and TGF-β entities. A number of preclinical studies have shown bintrafusp alfa capable of (1) preventing or reverting TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human carcinoma cells; this alteration in tumor cell plasticity was shown to render human tumor cells more susceptible to immune-mediated attack as well as to several chemotherapeutic agents; (2) altering the phenotype of natural killer and T cells, thus enhancing their cytolytic ability against tumor cells; (3) mediating enhanced lysis of human tumor cells via the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity mechanism; (4) reducing the suppressive activity of Tregcells; (5) mediating antitumor activity in numerous preclinical models and (6) enhancing antitumor activity in combination with radiation, chemotherapy and several other immunotherapeutic agents. A phase I clinical trial demonstrated a safety profile similar to other programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors, with objective and durable clinical responses. We summarize here preclinical and emerging clinical data in the use of this bispecific and potentially multifunctional agent.
Predictors of independent outcome of thrombectomy in stroke patients with large baseline infarcts in clinical practice: a multicenter analysis
Authors: Deb-Chatterji Milani , Pinnschmidt Hans , Flottmann Fabian , Leischner Hannes , Broocks Gabriel , Alegiani Anna , Brekenfeld C , Fiehler Jens , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Goetz
Published: February 2020

Objective

To analyze outcome and its predictors after endovascular treatment (ET) in stroke patients suffering from large vessel occlusion with large pre-treatment infarct cores defined by an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) <6.

Methods

We analyzed data from an industry-independent, multicenter, prospective registry (German Stroke Registry – Endovascular Treatment) which enrolled consecutive patients treated by ET (June 2015–April 2018) with different devices. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified predictors of independent outcome (IO) defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2, and mortality at 90 days in patients with ASPECTS <6.

Results

Of 1700 patients included in the analysis, 152 (8.9%) had a baseline ASPECTS <6. Of these, 33 patients (21.6%) achieved IO, and 68 (44.7%) were dead at 90 days. A lower age, lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and successful recanalization (defined as modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Score, mTICI 2b/3) were predictors of IO. Successful recanalization had the strongest association with IO (OR 7.0, 95% CI 1.8 to 26.8). Pre-treatment parameters predicting IO were age <70 years (sensitivity 0.79, specificity 0.69) and NIHSS <12 (0.57 and 0.94). A higher age, a pre-stroke mRS score >1, and failed recanalization were predictors of death.

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of stroke patients with an ASPECTS <6 can achieve independence after thrombectomy, in particular, if they are younger, have only moderate baseline stroke symptoms, and no relevant pre-stroke disability. These results may encourage considering thrombectomy in low ASPECTS patients in clinical practice until randomized trials are available.
Body composition in heart failure and the impact of cardiac resynchronisation therapy: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: McAloon Christopher J , Hyndman Samantha , Ansell Valerie , O'Hare Paul , Randeva Harpal , Osman Faizel
Published: February 2020

Aims

Body composition (BC) is known to alter in heart failure. Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) improves left ventricular geometry but the impact on BC is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate BC in these patients before and after CRT implantation.

Methods

Prospective proof-of-concept pilot study of heart failure patients undergoing CRT between September 2014 and December 2015. Assessments performed pre-CRT and post-CRT (6 weeks and 6 months) were: BC parameters (using air-displacement plethysmography), New York Heart Failure classification for assessing symptom severity, echocardiography to assess left ventricular geometry, electrocardiography, Minnesota Heart Failure Questionnaire and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to assess relative change over time and potential correlations.

Results

Twenty-five patients were recruited; mean-age (±SD) was 73.4±10.0 years, 23 males, 18 CRT defibrillators (remainder CRT pacemakers), 16 had ischaemic aetiology, 6 diabetics, 17 with left bundle-branch morphology on ECG and 10 had atrial fibrillation. Significant inverse correlations were observed in the first 6 weeks following CRT between fat mass and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (r=−0.69, p<0.01) and NT-pro-BNP and fat mass (r=0.41, p=0.05). No significant differences were noted over 6 months. There was an observed trend towards reduced fat mass in the first 6 weeks post-CRT implant driven by non-responders. There was no significant difference between responders and non-responders in BC over 6 months.

Conclusion

This is the first study to observe interplay between BC and cardiac geometry/function following CRT; a trend in overall fat mass reduction was noted following CRT and merits further study.
E-cigarette advertising expenditures in the United States, 2014–2018
Authors: Ali Fatma Romeh M , Marynak Kristy L , Kim Yoonsang , Binns Steven , Emery Sherry L , Gomez Yessica , King Brian A
Published: February 2020

Background

Tobacco product advertising has been shown to reach youth and promote initiation. This study assessed trends in e-cigarette advertising expenditures in the USA during 2014–2018, overall and by manufacturer and media type.

Methods

Data came from Kantar Media, which provides information on US advertising expenditures, including for e-cigarettes. Advertising expenditures were estimated as the dollar amount spent by e-cigarette companies to purchase advertising space in print, television, Internet, radio and outdoors. Dollar amounts were adjusted to 2017 dollars. Trends in e-cigarette advertising expenditures during 2014–2018 were analysed using Joinpoint regression overall, by media type, and by manufacturers based on 2017–2018 national sales.

Results

Total e-cigarette advertising expenditures in print, radio, television, Internet and outdoors decreased substantially from US$133 million in 2014 to US$48 million in 2017, followed by an increase to US$110 million in 2018. By media type, expenditures were highest for print advertising, irrespective of year. By manufacturer, Altria had the highest e-cigarette advertising expenditures, totalling over US$134 million during 2014–2018. Imperial Tobacco had the second highest, totalling over US$85 million during 2014–2018, while JUUL Labs had the highest single-year expenditures, spending over US$73 million in 2018 alone.

Conclusions

E-cigarette advertising expenditures have been volatile in the USA, with declines in traditional advertising venues during 2014–2017 that may reflect a shift towards social media. However, an increase occurred in 2018 that is likely reflective of advertising by newer manufacturers. Continued monitoring of e-cigarette advertising is important to inform tobacco control strategies.
Probing GHz gravitational waves with graviton–magnon resonance
Authors: Ito Asuka , Ikeda Tomonori , Miuchi Kentaro , Soda Jiro
Published: February 2020

A novel method for extending the frequency frontier in gravitational wave observations is proposed. It is shown that gravitational waves can excite a magnon. Thus, gravitational waves can be probed by a graviton–magnon detector which measures resonance fluorescence of magnons. Searching for gravitational waves with a wave length$$\lambda $$λby using a ferromagnetic sample with a dimensionl, the sensitivity of the graviton–magnon detector reaches spectral densities, around$$5.4 \times 10^{-22} \times (\frac{l}{\lambda /2\pi })^{-2} \ [\mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}]$$5.4×10-22×(lλ/2π)-2[Hz-1/2]at 14 GHz and$$8.6 \times 10^{-21} \times (\frac{l}{\lambda /2\pi })^{-2} \ [\mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}]$$8.6×10-21×(lλ/2π)-2[Hz-1/2]at 8.2 GHz, respectively.
Automatic corneal nerve fiber segmentation and geometric biomarker quantification
Authors: Zhang Dan , Huang Fan , Khansari Maziyar , Berendschot Tos T. J. M. , Xu Xiayu , Dashtbozorg Behdad , Sun Yue , Zhang Jiong , Tan Tao
Published: February 2020

Geometric and topological features of corneal nerve fibers in confocal microscopy images are important indicators for the diagnosis of common diseases such as diabetic neuropathy. Quantitative analysis of these important biomarkers requires an accurate segmentation of the nerve fiber network. Currently, most of the analysis are performed based on manual annotations of the nerve fiber segments, while a fully automatic corneal nerve fiber extraction and analysis framework is still needed. In this paper, we establish a fully convolutional network method to precisely enhance and segment corneal nerve fibers in microscopy images. Based on the segmentation results, automatic tortuosity measurement and branching detection modules are established to extract valuable geometric and topological biomarkers. The proposed segmentation method is validated on a dataset with 142 images. The experimental results show that our deep learning-based framework outperforms state-of-the-art segmentation approaches. The biomarker extraction methods are validated on two different datasets, demonstrating high effectiveness and reliability of the proposed methods.
Road network link prediction model based on subgraph pattern
Authors: Wang Bin , Pan Xiaoxia , Li Yilei , Sheng Jinfang , Long Jun , Lu Ben , Khawaja Faiza Riaz
Published: February 2020

Urban road network (referred to as the road network) is a complex and highly sparse network. Link prediction of the urban road network can reasonably predict urban structural changes and assist urban designers in decision-making. In this paper, a new link prediction model ASFC is proposed for the characteristics of the road network. The model first performs network embedding on the road network through road2vec algorithm, and then organically combines the subgraph pattern with the network embedding results and the Katz index together, and then we construct the all-order subgraph feature that includes low-order, medium-order and high-order subgraph features and finally to train the logistic regression classification model for road network link prediction. The experiment compares the performance of the ASFC model and other link prediction models in different countries and different types of urban road networks and the influence of changes in model parameters on prediction accuracy. The results show that ASFC performs well in terms of prediction accuracy and stability.
The Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism description of self-dual Chern–Simons gauge theory coupled to matter fields in superspace
Authors: Dai Jialiang
Published: February 2020

We construct the extended BRST and anti-BRST transformation by considering a shift symmetry both in Abelian and non-Abelian Chern–Simons theories coupled to scalar fields using the approach of Batalin–Vilkovisky quantization. The extended BRST invariant Lagrangian density is able to be addressed in the framework of superfield formalism with one fermionic coordinate. In the case of extended BRST–anti-BRST symmetry, it is shown that the Batalin–Vilkovisky action of the theory can be expressed in a covariant form with two fermionic coordinates in the superspace.
Submarine canyons, slope failures and mass transport processes in southern Cascadia
Authors: Hill Jenna C. , Watt Janet T. , Brothers Daniel S. , Kluesner Jared W.
Published: February 2020

Marine turbidite records have been used to infer palaeoseismicity and estimate recurrence intervals for large (>M
w
7) earthquakes along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. Conventional models propose that upper slope failures are funneled into submarine canyons and develop into turbidity flows that are routed down-canyon to deep-water channel and fan systems. However, the sources and pathways of these turbidity flows are poorly constrained, leading to uncertainties in the connections between ground shaking, slope failure and deep-water turbidites. We examine the spatial distribution of submarine landslides along the southern Cascadia margin to identify source regions for slope failures that may have developed into turbidity flows. Using multibeam bathymetry, sparker multichannel seismic and chirp sub-bottom data, we observe relatively few canyon head slope failures and limited evidence of large landslides on the upper and middle slope. Most of the submarine canyons are draped with sediment infill in the upper reaches and do not appear to be active sediment conduits during the recent sea-level highstand. In contrast, there is evidence of extensive mass wasting of the lower slope and non-channelized downslope flows. Contrary to previous studies, we propose that failures along the lower slope are the primary sources for deep-sea seismoturbidites in southern Cascadia.
Study on the Performance of Superlattice-Like Thin Film V2O5/Sb in Phase Change Memory
Authors: Xu Yongkang , Hu Yifeng , Sun Song , Zhu Xiaoqin , Lai Tianshu , Song Sannian , Song Zhitang
Published: February 2020

Compared with Sb film, V2O5/Sb superlattice-like thin film has better thermal stability (T

c
∼ 240 °C, T
10-year ∼ 172.9 °C). V2O5/Sb thin film is suppressed by the multiple interfaces and the grains become smaller. The vibrational peaks of Sb-Sb and V–O bonds are observed by Raman measurement. The interaction between the two crystal systems improves the stability of the V2O5/Sb membrane. The multilayer structures before and after crystallization were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The ultralow-power (2.25 × 10−12 J) and ultrafast-speed (8 ns) has been achieved for V2O5(1 nm)/Sb(9 nm)-based phase change memory device.
A Semi-IPN Polymeric Binder for High Performance Silicone Negative Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Nam Seon , Chung Byung Joo , Kim Soo Jung , Choi Kwang Shik
Published: February 2020

As applications of rechargeable lithium ion batteries are gradually increasing from small electronic devices to automobiles or power storages, there is increasing demand for electrode materials for use in rechargeable batteries having various advantageous characteristics including high safety, extended cycle life, high energy density and high output characteristic.

To develop rechargeable lithium ion batteries with high energy density, intensive studies have focused on silicone anode materials due to their high theoretical capacity (4200mAh/g). However, the commercial use of Si-based material is still hindered because of severe volume expansion by up to 300% during the repeated charge and discharge cycles, which results in pulverization and capacity fading.

In order to alleviate the volume changes, various nanostructured Si electrodes have drawn attention. Although the pulverization issue can be resolved by using the nanometer-scale materials, an effective low-cost solution to the volume-change problem remains elusive.

In the past, polymeric binder has played only passive roles in the performance of lithium ion batteries. But recent works show that the choice of binder is very important to stabilize the cycling performance of Si-based negative electrodes for LIB, and the functions of binders have become critical.

So we synthesized the new semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) binder that can endure expansion of the Si-based active material. The term semi-IPN refers to a network structure of a linear polymer and a cross-linking polymer. Such a semi-IPN polymeric binder includes two kinds of polymers in a chain shape to form a network structure, and has high mechanical strength and excellent stability in the liquid electrolyte compared with general polymer. Accordingly, a rechargeable lithium ion battery including this binder can effectively control the expansion of a Si-based active material and exhibit improved cycling performance.
Graphene/FeSn5 Nanocomposite with Stable and High Capacity As Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Xin Fengxia , Wang Xiao-Liang , Tian Huajun , Han Weiqiang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
High Voltage Vanadium-Metal Hydride Hybrid Rechargeable Semi-Flow Battery
Authors: Chan Kwong-Yu , Li Vanessa Chi-Ying , Weng Guo-Ming , Ho Ching-Kit
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
SnO2@Si Core-Shell Nanowire Arrays on Carbon Cloth As Flexible Anode for Li Ion Batteries
Authors: Ren Weina
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
A Novel Sulfur-Polypyrrole Composite As a High Capacity Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Xiaozhong
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrospun Hierarchical CaCo2O4 Nanofibers with High Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Peng Shengjie
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Preparing of Carbon-Supported Ir-V Nanoparticles As Anode Catalyst By a Pulse-Microwave Assisted Chemical Reduction Process
Authors: Gao Yuan
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Keynote Presentation: Stable Anion Exchange and Bipolar Membranes for Alkaline Fuel Cells
Authors: Ramani Vijay K. , Arges Christopher George
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Low-Temperature Crystallization of Anodized TiO2 Nanotubes at Solid/Gas Interface and Their Photoelectrochemical Properties
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Zhaoyue , Zhai Jin , Jiang Lei
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Materials Exploration in Na-Fe-S-O System: Crystal Structure
Authors: Nishimura Shinichi , Oyama Gosuke , Yamada Atsuo
Published: February 2020

The sodium-ion battery system has attracted growing interest as a potential candidate for larger energy storage systems. The ubiquitous element Na allows us to realize the stable production of larger scale systems for broader applications. For such strategies, material design of the electrode should be done by utilizing the abundant elements for not only the guest species but also the host framework. Recently new iron sulphate compounds were discovered by explorations in Li-Fe-S-O(-F) system for example Li2Fe(SO4)2 (3.83 V vs. Li/Li+) and various polymorphs LiFeSO4F (3.6 – 3.9 V vs. Li/Li+), which show higher redox-potential than the other Fe oxysalt compounds as expected from the high electronegativity of the sulphate anion [SO4]2–.[1-3] Inspired by this strategy, we explored Na-Fe-S-O system for the sodium ion battery and identified some new compounds, a few of which demonstrate good rate-capabilities and high redox-potentials. [4]

One of the Na containing Fe(II) compounds showed a high redox potential of 3.6 V vs. Na/Na+, higher than the NASICON-type FeIII
2(SO4)3 of ca. 3.4 V vs. Na/Na+. To elucidate the origin of the superior performances, we performed crystal structure determinations and structural analysis of the new phase. It has a unique Fe local environment with Fe2O10 dimer. The dimer is interconnected by sulphate anion and forms a 3-dimensional framework, which consists 2 kind of large tunnel-like structure. Na atoms in the tunnels show a significant positional disordering, suggesting a good Na ionic conductivity. For further analysis, we applied a modified bond-valence-sum (mBVS) calculation [5], where deviations of the calculated mBVS from the ideal valence |ΔV| can provide information on preferable positions in the static structural model. Figure 1 shows an example of contour plot of the |ΔV| map. Based on this, we will discuss about the more detailed structural features and expected sodium diffusion mechanisms.

References

M. Reynaud et al., Electrochem. Commun.
21:77 – 80, 2012.

P. Barpanda et al., Nat. Mater. 10:772–779, 10 2011.

N. Recham et al., Nat. Mater, 9:68–74, 11 2010.

A. Yamada, P. Barpanda, S. Nishimura, G. Oyama, Patent JP-2013-187914 (2013)

S. Adams, Acta Crysta B57: 278 2001.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the ‘Element Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries’ (ESICB) project.
In Situ Solid State 7li NMR Observation of Lithium Metal Deposition during Overcharge of Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Arai Juichi , Okada Yumika , Gotoh Kazuma
Published: February 2020

Understanding the reaction inside sealed lithium ion battery (LIB) is a key to handle it safe and life well, and to improve its performance. In situ measurement is necessary to achieve it, because LIB has a quasi equilibrium state in its system which is no more existing if it is disassembled. In situ NMR is one of the most suitable technique which can detect the change in lithium. So far, excellent studies have been done using modified electrodes and electrolyte to obtain a good NMR signal. [1,2] But, the LIB performance and reaction may change depending on the electrode density, electrolyte, packaging, and etc. This paper reports in situ solid NMR measurement using small size cell composed of high density coated electrodes and ordinal liquid electrolyte with heat sealed pouch cell having Al coat layer.[3]

Lithium deposition and Lithium ion behaviors of Lithium battery composed of cathode selected from LCO, NMC, NCA, LMO and graphite anode during charge-discharge and overcharge were analyzed by in-situ 7Li solid state NMR. The cell used in this study was made using typical energy density coated electrode, ordinal 25 mm polypropylene separator, 1M LiPF6 EC/EMC (3/7 vol%) liquid organic electrolyte and laminate film containing Al layer. The average cell capacity is 4.3 mAh with 1×1.5 cm electrode size. In situ NMR measurements were carried out with an originally prepared flattened coil detector and home build NMR equipment with 7.0T magnet (resonance frequency 116.4 MHz for 7Li). A single pulse sequence was applied with 6 ms pulse length. 7Li chemical shifts were referenced to a signal of saturated LiCl solution (0 ppm).

The peak corresponding to metallic Lithium was observed after 1 mAh overcharge from SOC 100% for LCO, NMC and NCA cell. The intensity of Li metallic peak increased with overcharge capacity in these cells, while the metallic peak was not appeared in LMO cell due to Li content in its. The peak after overcharge in LCO cell was the strongest in these cells and did not disappeared after one night, but the peak in NCA gone after one night. This suggests that the stability of Lithium dendrite depends on the cell chemistry.

The peak belonging to Li ion in electrolyte split into two peaks which may due to the surface interaction with cathode electrode. The peak ratio among these two in LCO cell decreased with discharge, indicating the peak is influenced by the state of cathode structure, voltage or relaxation of ion flow.

[1] Michel Letellier, Frederic Chevallier, Christian Clinard, Elzbieta frackowiak, Jean-Noel Rouzaud, and Francois Beguin, J. Chem. Phys., 118, p.6038 (2003).

[2] Nicole M. Trease, Lina Zhou, Hee Jung Chang, Ben Yunxu Chang, Clare P. Grey, Sol. Sta. Nuc. Mag. Res., 42, p.62 (2012).

[3] Arai Juichi, Okada Yumika, Takeda Kazuyuki, Gotoh Kazuma, Izuka Masato and Ishida Hiroyuki, The 7th Asian Conference on Electrochemical Power Sources, Abstract 1P-19, p.88 (Osaka)2013.11.24-27