bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erosion levels and comparison of erosion estimation methods in watersheds: Disaster risk assessment and environmental engineering approaches
Authors: Fahmi Faizal Nur
Published: January 2025

Background: The Blongkeng Watershed is part of the Progo Watershed, located on the north-western slopes of Mount Merapi. The damage to vegetation and land degradation due to volcanic activity from Mount Merapi has led to surface runoff and erosion on the western slopes of the mountain. The aim of this study is to compare the erosion estimation models of morphometry and USLE. Methods: Morphometric parameters were obtained from the River Network Map and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) map, then analyzed quantitatively, and rankings were applied to determine the erosion sensitivity ranking within the watershed. The USLE erosion values were derived from factors affecting erosion, including rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope, and land cover factors. Findings: The erosion levels in the Blongkeng Watershed, calculated using the USLE method, show high values in the upper Sub-Watersheds, ranging from 7.21 to 5.94 tons/ha/year. The comparison between the morphometric and USLE erosion estimation methods yields rankings of erosion levels in the Blongkeng Watershed. The rankings are the same in the upper part of the Blongkeng Watershed, while differences in rankings appear in the middle and lower regions. Conclusion: These differences are likely due to the different input data of the two erosion estimation models and the inclusion of morphometric parameters that may not be suitable for the Blongkeng Watershed ranking calculation. The similarity in rankings in the upper regions is likely due to the area being dominated by slopes greater than 8%. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in offering a measurement and comparison of erosion levels.
E-court: A digital disruption in law enforcement and its impact on judicial efficiency in Indonesia
Authors: Pitaloka Diva
Published: January 2025

Background: The use of digital technology in thr justice system, known as E-Court, has significantly impacted law enforcement in Indonesia. This research explores E-Court as a manifestation of digital disruption, using normative legal research with a conceptual and statutory approach. Method: This research employs normative legal research with a conceptual and statutory approach to examine technological developments supporting E-Court, its benefits, and its challenges. Findings: E-Court consists of e-filing, e-payment, e-summons, and e-litigation, transforming legal case handling by improving efficiency, transparency, and accountability while reducing costs and administrative burdens. However, regulatory readiness and implementation mechanisms require further evaluation.  Conclusion: E-Court has positively impacted law enforcement in Indonesia by increasing efficiency and accessibility in legal proceedings. To optimize its implementation, addressing challenges such as data security, digital infrastructure, and cultural adaptation within the legal system is essential.  Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of E-Court as a digital disruption in Indonesia’s justice system, highlighting its effectiveness, challenges, and the necessity of regulatory adaptation. It contributes to developing a theoretical framework for online law enforcement systems, ensuring sustainable digital transformation in the judiciary.
Comparative study of infrastructure development and its impact on human development index: Economic and geographical insights
Authors: Syam Ibnu Hafizh
Published: January 2025

Background: Urban-focused development can lead to disparities in infrastructure and transportation development. The lack of adequate infrastructure causes many people to live isolated in remote areas, hindering their access to resources and basic services. Methods: This contributes to high poverty levels and low human development in those regions. The absence of infrastructure results in many communities being trapped in impoverished, remote areas, making it essential to open access to facilitate development. Findings: The Human Development Index (HDI) is an important indicator to ensure the achievement of the goal that people have a good quality of life, including the ability to live healthily and for a long time, access education, gain knowledge, and have access to employment opportunities, social protection programs, and other resources needed to achieve a decent life. The acceleration of HDI growth in 2023 is partly driven by the standard of living dimension, represented by real per capita expenditure, health (life expectancy at birth), and knowledge (average years of schooling and expected years of schooling). Conclusion: To achieve sustainable and just development, infrastructure is needed to improve accessibility and connectivity between regions to encourage economic growth and community well-being. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the critical role of infrastructure in reducing regional disparities and accelerating human development, emphasizing its impact on HDI growth—an aspect often overlooked in previous research.
Enhancing farmers' land productivity through sustainable palm oil certification: Strategies for promoting environmental and economic benefits in agricultural practices
Authors: Rahutomo Andreas Budi , Karuniasa Mahawan , Frimawaty Evi
Published: January 2025

Background: With more than 40% of Indonesia's oil palm land under its management, smallholders still face challenges on the low land productivity and certification achievement. Methods: This research aims to develop a certification concept capable to increase the smallholders’ land productivity through descriptive statistics, grounded theory, content analysis, and Analytic Hiearachy Process. Findings: This research finds that ISPO and RSPO certified smallholders achieved 82% higher land productivity than the average conventional ones, in line with their compliance with certification and consistent GAP application. Fertilisation needs to be prioritised to increase productivity, with the GAP Application and Monitoring (RSPO) and Plant Maintenance (ISPO) as the supporing certification criteria. Conclusion: Synergy between ISPO and RSPO has a chance to increasing land productivity through certification compliance, hence accelerating smallholder certification achievement which would reduce deforestation rates from oil palm expansion. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study introduces a certification concept that combines ISPO and RSPO standards to enhance smallholder land productivity. It emphasizes the integration of fertilization, GAP application, and plant maintenance as key components for boosting productivity while ensuring certification compliance, offering a novel approach to reducing deforestation rates in Indonesia's oil palm sector.
Ecosystem-based mangrove conservation strategies and the role of communities for sustainable management
Authors: Sitiningrum Diah Sabatini
Published: January 2025

​​​Background: Mangrove ecosystems provide essential ecological, economic, and social benefits but face significant degradation from human and natural pressures. This study analyzes ecosystem-based conservation strategies in Muara Gembong District, focusing on integrating conservation with sustainable economic activities. Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through literature reviews and field observations, examining ecotourism and silvofishery systems, community involvement, and institutional capacity. Findings: Results highlight the importance of community participation in mangrove conservation through ecotourism and silvofishery systems. Key challenges include economic pressures, sectoral conflicts, weak institutional capacity, and limited technology. Collaboration among stakeholders, supported by education and policy reinforcement, is essential for success. Conclusion: A holistic approach combining ecological, social, and economic aspects is vital for sustainable mangrove conservation in Muara Gembong. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study integrates ecological, social, and economic dimensions into a cohesive conservation strategy, emphasizing community participation and collaborative governance.
Sustainable solid waste management in tourism villages: Challenges and strategies for environmental sustainability tourism village
Authors: Putridira Nursyahbani , Ramdhani Meilia Dwi
Published: January 2025

Background: Solid waste management plays a crucial role in ensuring sustainable tourism development. In Guwosari Tourism Village, the introduction of the integrated waste processing site (TPS 3R) Go Sari, initiated by Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUM Desa) Guwosari Maju Sejahtera in 2019, has expanded its service area, aiming to cover 550 families by 2024. Despite its success, there are challenges related to the effectiveness of the waste management system in the village, particularly concerning waste incineration processes and the overall sustainability of the program. Methods: This study uses a literature review approach, collecting relevant data based on keywords such as Environmental Sustainability, Go-Sari, Guwosari Tourism Village, Incinerator, Municipal Solid Waste, and Waste Management Strategy. The qualitative descriptive data evaluation method allows for a thorough analysis of the existing solid waste management system at TPS 3R Go-Sari. Findings: The study identifies several issues in the solid waste management system at TPS 3R Go-Sari, including air pollution caused by smoke from incinerators during the burning of waste residues. Additionally, the accumulation of ash from incineration poses environmental concerns. Moreover, only about 20% of the village's total waste is processed at the facility, and the high cost of waste collection is a burden for the villagers. Conclusion: While TPS 3R Go-Sari has made strides in managing solid waste in Guwosari Tourism Village, it faces significant challenges such as air pollution, limited waste processing capacity, and high collection costs. The implementation of the Zero Waste concept shows potential but requires addressing these issues for better sustainability and community impact. Novelty/Originality of the Study: This study provides a unique examination of the practical challenges of applying the Zero Waste concept in a tourism village setting, focusing on the environmental and financial issues surrounding waste incineration and management. It also offers insights into the integration of sustainable waste practices in rural tourism areas.
From Crisis to Resilience: Empowering Communities Through Food Security Programs During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ilma Hafizha Ilma , Adi Isbandi Rukminto
Published: January 2025

Background: This study discusses community empowerment activities for communities affected by the Covid-19 pandemic through the food security program in the Tenjo Village by the Human Initiative. The research approach used is a qualitative research approach with descriptive research type with a research period from October 2020 to July 2021. This study will also examine whether there are differences in the stages of community empowerment carried out before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, this study will also examine the obstacles in implementing community empowerment during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Tenjo Village food security program. Methods: The data sources used were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation studies involving seven informants. Findings: The results showed that there were four stages of empowerment held in the program, including the planning, preparation, program implementation, and activity evaluation monitoring stages. During implementation program, there are several inhibiting factors that can be classified based on organizational aspect, networking aspect, community aspect, and external aspect. To overcome the obstacles from those various aspects, efforts are made to minimize the impact of those obstacles. Conclusion: The results of the analysis show that the stages of empowerment held in the Tenjo Village food security program are in accordance with the seven stages of community development. In addition, the obstacles that occur during program implementation are in accordance with the obstacles in the community development stage. Meanwhile, the efforts made to overcome these obstacles can be done with a description in the evaluation of the process and the results of the changes.  Novelty/Originality of this article: This research not only describes the stages of empowerment carried out, but also analyzes the differences in the stages of community empowerment before and after the pandemic. The focus on change and adaptation at this stage is an aspect that has not been widely explored in community empowerment research during times of crisis.
The influence of forest ecosystems on the well-being of surrounding communities: A philosophical perspective in eschatology through guattari’s three ecologies
Authors: Syarafina Aflah Fildzah , Ilmi Aisyah Nurul , Valencia Chelsea Indri , Setiyawati Eka Kurnia , Rasyid Muhammad Reza Al , Maulida Nada Azka , Ramadhan Siti Shalu , Herrnsdorf Yahsya Naura Azka
Published: January 2025

Background: This paper examines the influence of UI Forest on the well-being of surrounding communities through Felix Guattari’s Three Ecologies perspective. The research addresses how the presence of UI Forest as an urban green space affects the physical and mental well-being of nearby residents, particularly amid the techno-scientific transformation era that threatens ecological balance. Methods: The study employs Guattari’s Three Ecologies theory, which views ecology through three dimensions: mental, social, and environmental. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 15 respondents, including local residents and UI Forest users, such as cycling communities and runners. Findings: The analysis utilizes Guattari’s ecosophical approach, which integrates ethico-political and aesthetic aspects in understanding human-environment relationships. The findings reveal that UI Forest plays a significant role in enhancing community well-being by providing space for physical activities, contemplation, and social interaction. Access restriction policies hinder UI Forest’s potential in supporting community welfare. Conclusion: A country's happiness index is very important. The happiness index value is a consideration for policy makers in making regulations and implementing national programs. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in the multidimensional approach in analyzing the happiness index in Indonesia by considering factors that have rarely been comprehensively studied in previous studies.
The role of rhythm in religious rituals: Supporting the spirituality of Hindu-Buddhist communities in the context of eschatology
Authors: Krishnanandayani Jyothi Devi , Chakraborty Eshita
Published: January 2025

Background: Music played an important role in the development of Hindu-Buddhist civilization in Indonesia, especially in spiritual life and religious rituals. Methods: This article explores how rhythm and melody became essential elements in the religious and cultural practices of the people during that time. Findings: Music not only served as entertainment, but also as a medium of connection between humans and the supernatural, creating harmony between the mortal and divine worlds. In the Hindu-Buddhist era, music was often used in religious rituals, such as temple worship ceremonies and offerings to the gods. Traditional instruments such as gamelan and gender were believed to have sacred powers that could purify the atmosphere and improve concentration in meditation. Through music, values of spirituality, harmony and devotion are embodied, reflecting the cosmic concept in Hindu-Buddhist teachings of balance between the macrocosm and microcosm. The article also discusses historical and archaeological evidence that shows the involvement of music in religious rituals, such as the reliefs in Borobudur and Prambanan Temples that depict musical instruments and religious processions. The art of music at that time not only showed a high level of aesthetics, but also became a symbol of community identity and togetherness. Conclusion: This paper discusses in depth the role of music as one of the supports of spiritual life that has helped shape the foundation of Indonesian culture and tradition to this day. Novelty/Originaloty of this article: This study uniquely highlights the sacred role of music in Hindu-Buddhist religious rituals in Indonesia, emphasizing its function as a bridge between the mortal and divine realms, which has been rarely explored in previous research.
Daya Tarik Endorsement : Terhadap Niat Beli Konsumen
Authors: Fachrian Zian
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi dampak melalui endorsement terhadap niat beli konsumen dengan menyoroti peran influencer media sosial sebagai pendukung promosi.
Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan bagaimana teknologi berkontribusi dalam perubahan bisnis modern, dengan menekankan peran penting platform media sosial seperti Instagram dalam strategi pemasaran digital. Kerangka teoritis yang digunakan mencakup konsep dasar pemasaran, endorsement, pengaruh, serta faktor yang memengaruhi niat beli konsumen.
Metodologi : Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah studi literature melalui beberapa jurnal terdahulu.
Hasil penelitian : Temuan penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa strategi endorsement memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap niat beli konsumen, penelitian menegaskan bahwa efektivitas pemasaran digital sangat dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan influencer Instagram, khususnya berdasarkan jumlah pengikut dan tingkat popularitas mereka.
Examining the Impact of Fine Motor Skills on Emotional Processing and Selective Attention in Elementary School Students
Authors: Ghezelseflo Mehdi , Gharravy Isa , Ghaffari_touran Azar , Ghezelseflo Ahmad
Published: January 2025

The aim of the current study was to examine the impact of fine motor skills on emotional processing and selective attention in elementary school students. This quasi-experimental research was a pre-test/post-test design with a control group. A total of 30 students with learning disabilities were selected through simple random sampling and allocated into experimental (15 students) and control (15 students) groups. The research instruments included the Baker et al. (2007) Emotional Processing Scale and the Stroop Color and Word Test (1935). Students in the experimental group participated in 14 sessions, each lasting 60 minutes, of a fine motor skills training program. The data obtained were analyzed using the covariance analysis method. The results showed that the training in fine motor skills had a positive and significant effect on the emotional processing and selective attention of elementary school students in Gonbad city. Therefore, it can be concluded that training in fine motor skills can improve emotional processing and selective attention in students.
The Effectiveness of Integrated Gross Motor Skill Program on The Symptoms of Cerebal Palsy among Children
Authors: Aghaziarati Ali , Nejatifar Sara , Abedi Ahmad
Published: January 2025

The primary aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an integrated gross motor skills program intervention on improving motor functions compared to a control group, with evaluations conducted at three time points: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. This study involved 40 participants, divided equally into experimental and control groups (N=20 for each group). Both groups were assessed for motor functions at three different times: before the intervention (pre-test), immediately after the intervention (post-test), and a follow-up phase. The experimental group received a specific intervention aimed at improving motor functions, whereas the control group did not receive this intervention. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, analysis of variance with repeated measurements, and Bonferroni post-hoc tests to evaluate the differences between and within the groups over time. The experimental group showed significant improvement in motor functions from pre-test to post-test (mean increase of 11.99, p=0.001) and maintained these improvements at follow-up (mean increase from pre-test of 12.40, p=0.001). The control group's scores remained stable across all time points, indicating no significant change. The analysis of variance confirmed significant effects for time, group, and the interaction between time and group, suggesting that the intervention was effective in enhancing motor functions. The study concluded that the experimental intervention significantly improved motor functions in the participants compared to the control group. These improvements were evident immediately after the intervention and were maintained at the follow-up, highlighting the long-term benefits of the intervention on motor function recovery.
Enhancing Selective Attention in Children with Learning Disorders: Efficacy of Executive Functions Training
Authors: Bulut Solmaz , Bukhori Baidi , Parsakia Kamdin
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an executive functions training program in improving selective attention among children with specific learning disorders. It sought to assess the immediate and sustained impacts of the intervention by comparing changes in selective attention scores between experimental and control groups across pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements. A total of 40 children diagnosed with specific learning disorders were recruited and randomly assigned to either the experimental (n=20) or control (n=20) groups. The experimental group underwent a comprehensive executive functions training program, while the control group received no intervention. Selective attention was assessed for all participants at three time points: pre-test, immediately post-intervention (post-test), and at a follow-up session. Descriptive statistics, mixed-model Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were employed to analyze the data. The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in selective attention scores from pre-test to post-test (mean difference = 6.40, p = 0.001) and maintained these improvements at follow-up (mean difference = 6.55, p = 0.001). In contrast, the control group showed minimal changes across the same periods. Statistical analyses confirmed significant effects of time, group, and time × group interaction on selective attention scores, with large effect sizes (Eta² > 0.37) indicating the substantial impact of the intervention. The executive functions training program was highly effective in enhancing selective attention among children with specific learning disorders. The intervention led to significant and sustained improvements, highlighting the potential of targeted cognitive training in supporting children with learning challenges. These findings suggest that incorporating executive functions training into therapeutic and educational strategies for children with learning disorders could substantially benefit their cognitive development and academic performance.
Application of Rotary Screening Technology for the Commercialization of Cocofiber and Cocopeat Products to Boost the Economy in Lhokseumawe City
Authors: Satria Nanda  , Teuku rihayat  , Isra Adelya Izzati
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Indonesia, a tropical country, has abundant coconut plants, with nearly every part of the tree offering various benefits. However, coconut coir (tapeh u in Acehnese) is often discarded or used as low-value fuel. Despite this, tapeh u has great potential to be transformed into high-value products. Cocopeat and cocofiber, its two main components, can be utilized for handicrafts, planting media, household items, and industrial materials. Cocofiber can be used in flower pots, carpets, car seats, and dashboards, while cocopeat serves as an eco-friendly, cost-effective fertilizer. This research aims to optimize tapeh u utilization in North Aceh and Lhokseumawe, enhancing its economic potential and supporting coconut farmers. Using Rotary Screening technology and cocopeat press tools, this study will improve production efficiency. Partnering with PT. Fugha Pratama Mandiri, the research seeks to develop marketable products, leading to increased exports and intellectual property proposals.
Keywords: Coconut, Cocofiber-Cocofiber, Agriculture, Rotary Screening Technology
The Effect of Listening To Slow-Tempo Classical Music on Reading Comprehension in Students
Authors: Nadillah Aprilyani  , Ahmad Arfandi  , Ajeng Mutiara Anggita  , Ratna Yunita Setiyani Subardjo
Published: January 2025

Reading comprehension is a critical component of the learning process, particularly for students, as it is considered a fundamental skill that must be acquired. The current study utilizes the first movement of Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata" as an experimental condition, given its slow-tempo properties. The primary aim of the study is to investigate the impact of slow-tempo classical music on the reading comprehension abilities of university students. A between-subject, randomized two-group design, post-test only research approach was utilized, with a total of 30 students participating in the study. The measurement of reading comprehension was conducted using the UTBK 2021 TPS test, with the experimental group taking the test while listening to Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata," while the control group took the test without music. The study employs a two-tailed hypothesis and indicates that the Ha hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that listening to classical music, specifically the "Moonlight Sonata 1st Movement" by Beethoven, does not have a significant effect on the reading comprehension abilities of students. However, it is recommended that students explore studying with and without music to determine their preferred method.
Soccer’s Holy Grail
Authors: Nnadi Stephen C. , Nwadialor Kanayo L.
Published: January 2025

Every religion has practices and values which help it to retain its adherents and give it a sustainable identity. However, whenever the values of a particular religion appear to no longer satisfy the yearnings of its adherents, a gap is created. With the advent of globalization, many religious practices are being subjected to scrutiny. This article examines the emergence of football (or soccer) in the modern world, describing its evolving influence as a new religion in the secular society. Through the analysis presented, and with participant-observer findings, we show how strong the influence of football has become across the globe, especially in Nigeria. The article reveals that modern football has presented an irresistible attraction to those dissatisfied with religion, and has bonded soccer-loving fans to common goals similar to, or even more intense than, those seen among adherents of religion.
Narrative Transformatios in the 5G Era
Authors: Zhang Shangmingzhu , Hashim Hasrul , Hassim Nurizihan
Published: January 2025

This review paper systematically explores the significant evolution, and impact of Chinese's web series in the context of the rapid development of new media technology. The paper analyses the innovative production techniques and narrative developments enabled by 5G and digital streaming platforms. It reveals how web series have become a pivotal component of Chinese digital culture, reshaping entertainment consumption and offering new insights into the interactions between technology and media. Combining current trends and future technological innovations, this paper discusses the potential development trajectory of web series in China.
Pola Hubungan (Patron-Client) Pada Pekebun Kelapa Sawit Swadaya Dengan Tauke Di Desa Pengalihan Kecamatan Keritang Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir
Authors: Suriadi Irsan , Arifudin Arifudin , Andriani Yulia
Published: January 2025

Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir merupakan kabupaten yang memiliki strategi sektor pertanian khususnya perkebunan kelapa sawit. Desa Pengalihan diketahui merupakan salah satu desa yang berada di kabupaten Indragiri Hilir yang memiliki jumlah produksi kelapa sawit yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola hubungan pola hubungan patron klien yang terjadi pada pekebun kelapa sawit swadaya di Desa Pengalihan Kecamatan Keritang Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan snowball sampling dan analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola hubungan yang terjadi pada pekebun dengan tauke terjalin dengan baik karena tauke maupun pekebun saling membutuhkan.
Diurnal Bettles Around Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang
Authors: Sri Wahyuni Sumah Astrid , Kusumadinata Ali Alamsyah
Published: January 2025

The existence of beetles depends on the availability of energy and food sources to survive and carry out activities. The diversity of beetles in a habitat can be influenced by other factors, apart from energy and food sources. These factors include land use type, seasonal differences and habitat fragmentation. Regional differences and land use types may not always influence beetle diversity. However, changes in land use can affect the presence and diversity of beetles. So, this research aims to determine the diversity of diurnal beetles around the Muhammadiyah University Palembang campus. Diurnal beetle collection was carried out by purposive sampling using pitfall traps and direct collection at five observation points. The research results showed that 76 individuals from 7 species of diurnal beetles were identified as belonging to the order Coleoptera. The Coccinella transversalis beetle (family Coccinellidae) was the most beetle species found (36 individuals) and the beetle Bradycellus nigrinus (family Carabidae) was the fewest beetle species (2 individuals) found. The impact of changes in land use affects the species richness of diurnal beetles and also impacts the growth of previously different plant vegetation. However, the distribution of diurnal beetle species shows an even distribution and there is no dominant species.
Keywords: Number of species, diversity, richness, diurnal beetles
Assessment of Vitamin-D Levels and Their Relationship to Dietary Habits and Sociodemographic Characteristics
Authors: Khan Wasim , Hassan Ahmed , Ali Wajid , Ali Nasir , Ur Rehman Ateeq , Reshad Payenda Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) is a global public health issue affecting individuals across all age groups, including adolescents. It is primarily synthesized through skin exposure to sunlight, with dietary intake playing a supplementary role. Various sociodemographic factors, including maternal education, gender, and lifestyle, significantly influence vitamin-D levels. To evaluate the vitamin D levels of adolescents and investigate their associations with dietary habits and sociodemographic characteristics in patients attending outpatient clinics at Northwest General Hospital and Research Centre Peshawar, Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2023 to March 2024 on 230 patients aged 15-50 years presenting with symptoms suggestive of vitamin D deficiency. Participants completed a structured questionnaire detailing sociodemographic information and dietary habits, while serum vitamin D levels were assessed using standard biochemical assays. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The majority of participants (61%) were aged 15-35, and females constituted 63% of the sample. Only 26.8% had sufficient serum vitamin D levels, 37.7% were insufficient, and 35.5% were deficient. Maternal education significantly correlated with vitamin D status, as 52% of mothers had completed graduate or postgraduate studies. Dietary habits revealed limited consumption of vitamin D-rich foods, with the majority reporting infrequent intake. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among adolescents in the study population, with sociodemographic factors such as gender, maternal education, and dietary habits playing critical roles.
Material Mechanics and Circular Economy: Study of Compressive Strength of Concrete Incorporating Molasses Waste as an Environment Friendly Replacement for Cement
Authors: Arshad Zohaib , Shahoon Iqbal Muhammad , Ahmad Alam Muhammad , Fahid Rafiq Muhammad , Singh Bogat Rohit , Anas Muhammad
Published: January 2025

The project aimed to determine whether molasses waste, a byproduct of sugar manufacturing, could replace cement in concrete sustainably and economically. The study concentrated on analyzing concrete specimens' performance at various curing ages and measuring the compressive strength of those specimens with varying molasses waste replacement percentages. Six samples were cast for each replacement ratio for compression tests, and compression tests were carried out on two samples at 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. Replacement ratios of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.75%, 1%, and 2% were considered. Notably, the average compressive strength significantly increased to 40 MPa with adding molasses waste at a replacement ratio of 0.25%, demonstrating a beneficial effect on strength improvement. The average compressive strength dropped somewhat, with a value of 38 MPa at 28 days, when the replacement ratio rose to 0.5%. A replacement ratio of 0.6%, on the other hand, revealed a significant drop in average compressive strength to 17.17 MPa, indicating a detrimental impact on strength development. Future study recommendations from the experiment include examining how variables like the water-to-cement ratio and curing circumstances affect the performance of molasses waste in concrete. To evaluate the long-term durability characteristics and financial viability of using molasses waste as a cement substitute, cost-benefit assessments and long-term durability studies are also advised.
Strategic Dimensions of Pakistan's Foreign Policy: The Role of CPEC, Energy Security, and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Khalid Aleeza , Naseem Imran , Muhammad Kamran Shah , Bahar Khan Muhammad , Moinuddin Qazi Abro Muhammad , Zaman Khalid
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the critical factors shaping the effectiveness of Pakistan's foreign policy, emphasizing economic, energy, environmental, and diplomatic dimensions. Employing multivariate regression analysis, the research examines the influence of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), energy security concerns, environmental sustainability perspectives, and diplomatic engagements on public perceptions of foreign policy effectiveness. The findings reveal that the economic benefits of CPEC significantly enhance the perceived effectiveness of Pakistan's foreign policy, with respondents linking positive economic outcomes to stronger foreign relations. Conversely, energy security concerns show no substantial impact on public perceptions, while attitudes toward environmental sustainability and diplomatic initiatives demonstrate a positive correlation. The study underscores the importance of integrating economic initiatives, environmental priorities, and robust diplomacy to strengthen public confidence in foreign policy. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers aiming to enhance the strategic effectiveness of a nation's foreign relations.
Dual Impact of Family Structure and Parental Beliefs on Educational Access for Girls
Authors: Tul Hasan Sumera , Bano Sumaira , Imran Muhammad , Ahmad Saeed , Ayyub Aini
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to explore parental concerns and the influence of family structure on gender equality in Education in Pakistani culture. This study used the mixed method approach to collect data from 360 parents through household surveys and in-depth interviews. The findings, derived from logistic regression analysis, reveal that living in nuclear families significantly enhances girls' educational opportunities (B = 2.264, p = .001). In contrast, traditional norms in joint family systems act as a constraint (B = 1.930, p = .051). Parental attitudes were found to be pivotal in shaping educational equity; strong support for girls' Education and Higher Education positively predicted gender equality (B = 3.778, p < .001). Conversely, prioritizing boys' Education (B = 3.894, p < .001) and assigning household responsibilities to girls (B = 1.724, p = .035) negatively impacted gender parity. The qualitative results revealed that daughters' safety, family honor, financial constraints, and favoring sons over daughters significantly influenced educational decisions. Interestingly, while not statistically significant, factors such as social norms, economic constraints, and religious considerations were identified as underlying barriers to achieving gender equity. The study concluded that it emphasizes the importance of fostering gender equality in Education as a pathway to broader social and economic development in Pakistan. The study recommends the implementation of parental awareness campaigns, offering financial incentives, improving school safety, and increasing the availability of female teachers to enhance educational access for girls.
Eastern Mediterranean in the Late Antique and Early Byzantine Periods
Authors: Gourdouba Maria , Pietilä-Castrén Leena , Tikkala Esko , Borhy László , Heikkinen Seppo , Af Hällström Gunnar , Kennell Stefanie , Pallis Georgios , Volanakis Ioannis
Published: January 2025

In 2024, the publisher of PMFIA series (Foundation for the Finnish Institute of Athens) decided to re-publish all previous volumes of the series, earlier available in printed form only, in an open-access format. Simultaneously, the contributions have been re-licensed with Creative commons license standard CC BY-NC, now commonly used in scientific publishing. The volumes, and the individual articles contained within them, have also been addigned DOI-numbers to enhance referencing.
The Difficulties Encountered in Teaching English as Foreign Language in The Classroom With Multiple Languages.
Authors: Yunita Sari Adelina  , Sara Frimaulia  , Sakura Alwina
Published: January 2025

A multilingual person can speak, write, and understand numerous languages. It involves using two or more languages in varied circumstances and purposes. The paper examines multilingual English language teaching problems. The report uses a literature review to compare researchers' opinions. The study article examines multilingual schooling in several countries. Multilingual education advocates also acknowledge their obstacles. Teachers face challenges teaching English in multilingual classes due to linguistic diversity. Due to fear of making mistakes, multilingual students typically lack English confidence. The curriculum may not improve English competence. In multilingual classrooms, language education must be student-centered and take into account learners' needs and backgrounds, according to the study.
Preservation of the Changeable: The Future of Restoration
Authors: Бобров Ю.Г.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются проблемы изменения подходов и методик реставрации в связи с изменением форм и материалов современного искусства. Возникновение виртуальных носителей визуального образа, саморазрушающихся и временных форм, использование нестойких материалов ставят вопрос о целях и смысле консервации и реставрации. Использование цифровых форм хранения информации способствует возрастанию роли превентивной консервации и ведет к переоценке традиционных представлений.

The article discusses problems of changes in attitudes and method in conservation in connection with changes in forms and materials of the contemporary art. The appearance of new virtual medium for visual image as well as self-destroying and temporary art works, usage of unstable materials — all this let us stand a question about aims of conservation-restoration. Digital mediums for carrying artistic data might be very important in preventive conservation. It brings an impact on re-evaluation of some traditional notions.
The Experience of Reconstruction of Lost Icons of the 18th Century from the Apostolic Iconostasis of the Smolensk Cathedral of the Novodevichy Convent in Moscow
Authors: Маринкович (Шпаковская) С.Е.
Published: January 2025

В статье автор описывает ход работы над научной реконструкцией утраченных икон цокольного ряда Апостольского иконостаса Смоленского собора Новодевичьего монастыря. Автор использует искусствоведческий, иконографический и стилистический методы реконструкции. Акцентируется внимание на малоизученности стиля и техники иконописи XVIII в., приводятся аргументы, объясняющие художественное решение выполненных реконструкций икон. Данная статья будет полезна искусствоведам, иконописцам и реставраторам.

In the article, the author describes the progress of work on the scientific reconstruction of the lost icons of the basement of the Apostolic iconostasis in the Smolensk Cathedral of the Novodevichy Convent. The author uses art criticism, iconographic and stylistic methods of reconstruction. Attention is focused on the little-studied style and technique of icon painting of the 18th century; arguments explaining the artistic solution of the completed reconstructions of icons are given. This article will be useful to art historians, icon painters and restorers.
A Comparative Analysis of Interest in Advanced Care Planning and Organ Donation Following Exposure to Video or Pamphlet Media
Authors: Piyamahunt Pavida , Manomaipiboon Basmon
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE: To compare the increase in interest in engaging in advance care planning between two groups: those receiving information via video media and those receiving information via pamphlets.METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 100 participants aged 18 to 60 years, who understood Thai and had no diagnosed psychiatric disorders or neurological conditions affecting consciousness, nor were they considered legally incompetent. The participants visited the Family Medicine Clinic at Vajira Hospital in 2024. The participants were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample was divided using simple random sampling into two groups: 50 participants receiving information through a video and 50 participants receiving information through a pamphlet. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their interest in engaging in advance care planning and organ donation. The level of interest was assessed using a five-point Likert scale, where a score of 5 indicates “very interested” and a score of 1 indicates “not interested”. The content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by three medical experts, demonstrating an index of item objective congruence of 0.85. Afterward, they either watched the video or read the pamphlet and then immediately completed the same questionnaire.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the basic characteristics of both groups. The average score of interest in creating an advance directive and organ donation significantly increased in the experimental group (by 1.4 and 0.82 points, respectively) compared with the control group (by 0.38 and 0.16 points, respectively) (p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Providing information through video media was more effective in increasing interest in advance care planning and organ donation compared with providing information through pamphlets.
Chief Complaints, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Emergency Department Visit among Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Lertkovit Oranooj , Isaranimitkul Daranee , Nithimathachoke Adisak
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the chief complaints and clinical characteristics, outcomes, and associated factors of pediatric cancer patients who present at the emergency department (ED).METHODS: A retrospective, single-center study was conducted on children less than 18 years old with active cancer treatment at the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand from January 2017 to September 2023. The chief complaints, and clinical characteristics of ED encounter were captured. The outcomes of the patients were categorized into those from admitted patients and those from the discharged group, before the potential risk factors were analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 91 ED encounters were documented among fifty cancer patients, representing 0.2% of total pediatric ED visits. Sixty-three (69.2%) ED visits met the inclusion criteria. The most common cancer was acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The common ED chief complaints were fever, gastrointestinal complaints, and respiratory complaints. Our results show that most pediatric cancer patients presenting at the ED were hospitalized (84.1%). There were no deaths at ED, and no patient died within 48 hours of ED visits. Seventy-seven percent of patients sought care within one day of developing emergency conditions. Fever as a chief complaint (p = 0.016), and levels 1 and 2 of emergency severity index (ESI) were the risk factors associated with cancer ED visits resulting in hospitalization (odds ratio = 5.64; 95% confidence intervals 1.09-29.14).CONCLUSION: ED visits were common among children with cancer. The most frequent chief complaints were fever, gastrointestinal complaints, and respiratory complaints. Approximately 80% of ED visits resulted in hospitalization. Having fever as the chief compliant, especially in patients with high body temperature, and levels 1 and 2 of ESI, were associated with an increased likelihood of admission. This study provides valuable baseline information to enhanced the quality of emergency care for pediatric cancer patients.
Analysis of the Need for Social Studies Teaching Modules for Religious Moderation Based on Entrepreneurship and Disaster Mitigation
Authors: Astuti Andarweni , Banowati Eva , Prajanti Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika , . Rusdarti
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze the needs of junior high school Social Studies  teachers in Semarang City regarding the development of independent curriculum teaching tools in the  Social Studies  learning process. A survey method was used in this research, with data analysis employing a qualitative descriptive approach. The primary informant was an  Social Studies  teacher at one of the religious junior high schools in Semarang City, and the supporting informants were junior high school students in Semarang City. The results of interviews and observations indicate that  Social Studies  learning still revolves around students, the teaching methods used are still conventional, and  Social Studies  teachers do not yet have  Social Studies  teaching modules that are suitable for the independent curriculum. The independent curriculum in primary and secondary education emphasizes character formation, including religion-based entrepreneurial moderation and disaster mitigation. This research provides a better understanding of the needs of  Social Studies  teachers in developing  Social Studies  teaching tools that are suitable for the independent curriculum. The results of this study are expected to serve as the basis for the development of more effective teaching strategies in achieving the goals of the independent curriculum, especially in terms of religion-based entrepreneurial moderation and disaster mitigation in  Social Studies  learning in junior high schools in Semarang City.