bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced charge transport in 2D inorganic molecular crystals constructed with charge‐delocalized molecules
Authors: Wu Jie , Zeng Yan , Feng Xin , Ma Yiran , Li Pengyu , Li Chunlei , Liu Teng , Liu Shenghong , Zhao Yinghe , Li Huiqiao , Jiang Lang , Yi Yuanping , Zhai Tianyou
Published: March 2024

Outstanding charge transport in molecular crystals is of great importance in modern electronics and optoelectronics. The widely adopted strategies to enhance charge transport, such as restraining intermolecular vibration, are mostly limited to organic molecules, which are nearly inoperative in 2D inorganic molecular crystals currently. In this contribution, charge transport in 2D inorganic molecular crystals is improved by integrating charge‐delocalized Se8 rings as building blocks, where the delocalized electrons on Se8 rings lift the intermolecular orbitals overlap, offering efficient charge transfer channels. Besides, α‐Se flakes composed of charge‐delocalized Se8 rings possess small exciton binding energy. Benefitting from these, α‐Se flake exhibits excellent photodetection performance with an ultrafast response rate (~5 μs) and a high detectivity of 1.08 × 1011 Jones. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the charge transport of 2D inorganic molecular crystals composed of electron‐delocalized inorganic molecules and pave the way for their potential application in optoelectronics.
The role of dynamic interplay exists between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve in gastric tumorigenesis
Authors: Chen Diqun , Li Xunjun , Wang Yiyun , Li Xinxin , Zhang Hongxia , Zhang Lina , Yang Jia , Tan Haoyang , Xie Yingxin , Liuzhou Yingyi , Qiu Jiayun , Shi Miao , Zhang Feiran , Zhong Wu , Xi Kexing , Fang Chuanfa , Balde Alpha Ibrahima , Yu Jiang , Chen Tao
Published: March 2024

Recent research underscores the significance of the nervous system in tumor progression. Nonetheless, understanding the intricate roles of nerves in gastric tumorigenesis remains limited. Our study aims to elucidate nerve alterations, associated key genes, and signaling pathways during gastric tumorigenesis. We enroll 257 patients with gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs) from four national cohorts. Utilizing immunohistochemistry and digital analysis, we quantified the densities of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, as well as Schwann cells in patient slides. We collected three mRNA expression profiles of GPL samples from the gene expression omnibus database and assessed them for nerve expression signatures, differentially expressed genes, enriched pathways, and the immune microenvironment. Parasympathetic nerve and Schwann cell densities display a progressive increase, while sympathetic nerve exhibits an inverse trend along the precancerous spectrums. Notably, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and antigen‐presenting cells (APC) co‐inhibition decrease, while epithelial‐mesenchymal transition increases significantly from early to late premalignancy. Several key nerve‐regulating genes (NTRK3, MYBL2, NRP1, BCL2, CCND1, VEGFA, PLXNA2, ADRB2), and pathways (mitogen‐activated protein kinase [MAPK]/ERK, PI3K/AKT, Wnt) emerge as potential contributors to precancerous progression. Our study reveals a dynamic relationship between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, characterized by a gradual increase in parasympathetic nerve and Schwann cell density, contrasting with an inverse trend in sympathetic nerve across precancerous spectrums. Targeting the interaction between tumor cells and nerves, including sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, has emerged as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
How do spin‐scaled double hybrids designed for excitation energies perform for noncovalent excited‐state interactions? An investigation on aromatic excimer models
Authors: Hancock Amy C. , Giudici Erica , Goerigk Lars
Published: March 2024

Time‐dependent double hybrids with spin‐component or spin‐opposite scaling to their second‐order perturbative correlation correction have demonstrated competitive robustness in the computation of electronic excitation energies. Some of the most robust are those recently published by our group (M. Casanova‐Páez, L. Goerigk, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021, 20, 5165). So far, the implementation of these functionals has not allowed correctly calculating their ground‐state total energies. Herein, we define their correct spin‐scaled ground‐state energy expressions which enables us to test our methods on the noncovalent excited‐state interaction energies of four aromatic excimers. A range of 22 double hybrids with and without spin scaling are compared to the reasonably accurate wavefunction reference from our previous work (A. C. Hancock, L. Goerigk, RSC Adv. 2023, 13, 35964). The impact of spin scaling is highly dependent on the underlying functional expression, however, the smallest overall errors belong to spin‐scaled functionals with range separation: SCS‐ and SOS‐PBEPP86, and SCS‐RSX‐QIDH. We additionally determine parameters for DFT‐D3(BJ)/D4 ground‐state dispersion corrections of these functionals, which reduce errors in most cases. We highlight the necessity of dispersion corrections for even the most robust TD‐DFT methods but also point out that ground‐state based corrections are insufficient to completely capture dispersion effects for excited‐state interaction energies.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia with BCR::ABL1 fusion
Authors: Mizuno Shohei , Takami Akiyoshi , Kawamura Koji , Harada Kaito , Masayoshi Masuko , Yano Shingo , Ito Ayumu , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Ouchi Fumihiko , Ashida Takashi , Nawa Yuichiro , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Fukuda Takahiro , Atsuta Yoshiko , Yanada Masamitsu
Published: March 2024

BCR::ABL1 fusion is found in < 1% of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases and confers a poor prognosis. This Japanese nationwide survey analyzed patients with AML (n = 22) and mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) (n = 10) with t(9;22) or BCR::ABL1 who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) between 2002 and 2018. The 3‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 81.3% and 56.0%, respectively (p = 0.15), and leukemia‐free survival (LFS) rates were 76.2% and 42.0%, respectively (p = 0.10) in patients with AML and MPAL. The relapse rates were 9.5% and 14.0% (p = 0.93), and the non‐relapse mortality (NRM) rates were 14.3% and 44.0%, respectively (p = 0.10) in patients with AML and MPAL. One in 17 patients with AML, with pre‐transplant tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), and three in five patients with AML, without pre‐transplant TKI, did not achieve complete remission (CR) before allo‐HCT (p = 0.024). Among the 20 patients with known disease status after allo‐HCT, 95.0% were in hematological or molecular CR. None of the four patients who received post‐transplant TKI for prophylaxis or measurable residual disease relapse experienced hematological relapse.
In conclusion, our results suggest that pre‐transplant TKI could improve disease status before allo‐HCT. Moreover, allo‐HCT resulted in high OS, high LFS, low relapse, and low NRM rates in patients with AML with BCR::ABL1.
Association between protein intake and muscle wasting in critically ill children: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Tume Lyvonne N. , Simons Christopher , Latten Lynne , Huang Chao , Comfort Paul , Compton Vanessa , Wagh Anand , Veale Archie , Valla Frederic V.
Published: March 2024

Background

Survival from pediatric critical illness in high‐income countries is high, and the focus now must be on optimizing the recovery of survivors. Muscle mass wasting during critical illness is problematic, so identifying factors that may reduce this is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between quadricep muscle mass wasting (assessed by ultrasound), with protein and energy intake during and after pediatric critical illness.

Methods

A prospective cohort study in a mixed cardiac and general pediatric intensive care unit in England, United Kingdom. Serial ultrasound measurements were undertaken at day 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10.

Results

Thirty‐four children (median age 6.65 [0.47–57.5] months) were included, and all showed a reduction in quadricep muscle thickness during critical care admission, with a mean muscle wasting of 7.75%. The 11 children followed‐up had all recovered their baseline muscle thickness by 3 months after intensive care discharge. This muscle mass wasting was not related to protein (P = 0.53, ρ = 0.019) (95% CI: −0.011 to 0.049) or energy intake (P = 0.138, ρ = 0.375 95% CI: −0.144 to 0.732) by 72 h after admission, nor with severity of illness, highest C‐reactive protein, or exposure to intravenous steroids. Children exposed to neuromuscular blocking drugs exhibited 7.2% (95% CI: −0.13% to 14.54%) worse muscle mass wasting, but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.063).

Conclusion

Our study did not find any association between protein or energy intake at 72 h and quadricep muscle mass wasting.
Large Nasopharyngeal Hairy Polyp Causing Immediate Respiratory Distress at Birth
Authors: Benaim Ezer H. , Worden Cameron P. , Bantumilli Surekha , Ramjee Vikram G. , Zdanski Carlton J.
Published: March 2024

This article presents a rare case of a large hairy polyp, a developmental malformation causing a benign tumor, within the nasopharynx. The patient, born with the polyp obstructing the airway, required immediate intubation and a combined transnasal‐transoral surgical approach for excision. The case underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing such polyps, emphasizing the importance of imaging for surgical planning, and the consideration of multiple approaches to ensure complete resection and prevent recurrence. Laryngoscope, 134:4118–4121, 2024
Renewable Methacrylate Resins for 3D Printing Containing Dynamic Hydroxyester Linkages for Reprocessability
Authors: Janssen Kylian , Schnelting Geraldine H.M. , Waterink Mirte , Guit Jarno , Hul Jerzy , Ye Chongnan , Loos Katja , Voet Vincent S.D.
Published: March 2024

To facilitate the ongoing transition toward a circular economy, renewable 3D print materials that are both sustainable and competitive must be accessible. However, the growing demand for bio‐based thermosetting resins, which are used as ink for vat photopolymerization, gives rise to environmental concerns in terms of plastic waste management. Therefore, photocurable materials that are renewable and recyclable at the same time are needed. In this work, a mechanically robust and reprocessable 3D printed photopolymer is developed from renewable feedstock. Reaction of malic acid with glycidyl methacrylate introduces both methacrylate moieties that can undergo photopolymerization in the 3D printer, and β‐hydroxyester linkages that can act as dynamic crosslinks via bond exchange reactions. By combining modified malic acid with reactive diluents, a photoinitiator, and phosphate catalyst, three distinct resins are formulated, resulting in bio‐based contents ranging from 43% to 49%. The formulations demonstrate good layer fusion and accurate print quality, while the 3D printed specimens are robust and thermally stable. Notably, the printed object with shortest relaxation time displayed Arrhenius flow behavior with an activation energy of 36.0 kJ mol−1, and its mechanical performance is maintained after being recycled three times. This contributes to the end‐of‐life perspective of photocurable resins in additive manufacturing.
Technical refinements of the scapular tip‐free flap for mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Ferri Andrea , Perlangeli Giuseppe , Zito Francesca , Ferrari Silvano , Bianchi Bernardo , Arcuri Francesco , Poli Tito
Published: March 2024

Background

The use of scapular tip chimeric free flaps (STFFs) for reconstructing mandibular defects has recently become popular, but its utility relative to other bone‐containing free flaps remains debatable. The aim of the report is to describe how technical modification of STFF impacted in its use for mandibular reconstruction also commenting results obtained in a unicentric series of patients.

Patients and Methods

Patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction using an STFF from January 1, 2014 to June 1, 2022 were retrospectively enrolled in this report. We collected data on chimeric flap type, bone management, vascular pedicles, and the final outcomes. In total, 31 patients (13 men and 18 women) with a mean age of 68 years were enrolled. According to the classification system of Urken, 15 patients had body defects, while 7 had ramus defects, another 7 had symphysis defects, and 2 had both ramus and bodily defects. STFF was always harvested working in two equips simultaneously, in supine position. Dissection included preparation of chimeric components of the flap as latissimus dorsi, serratus and scapular tip. After pedicle dissection scapular bone was cut basing on reconstructive needing with a rectangular (stick) shape including the border of the scapula. In cases of longer bone harvesting, circumflex pedicle was also included to perfuse the upper portion of the scapular border. In five cases, the STFF was harvested with only the scapular angle component, and was thus a composite osteomuscular flap; for the remaining 26 cases, a chimeric STFF was used. Circumflex pedicle was included for eight patients. Six of the seven patients with symphyseal defects underwent a single osteotomy.

Results

The average length of the harvested was 69.92 mm (maximum length = 104 mm). The average height of transplanted bone was 26.78 mm (maximum height = 44.2 mm). Mouth‐opening was normal in 25 patients, limited in 6 patients, and severely impaired in no patients. The cosmetic results were rated as excellent by 20 patients, good by 8 patients, and poor by 3 patients.

Conclusion

The STFF is an excellent option for mandibular reconstruction when other flaps are not available and for patients in poor general condition. Technical innovations here presented made possible to harvest long bone segments with accurate shape thanks to osteotomies if needed and with adequate soft tissues components of the chimeric flap, ensuring satisfactory functional and cosmetic results.
A clinical audit of the Emergency Department: Doctors' opinions on the diagnosis and management of cervical spine radiculopathy
Authors: McDonnell Patricia , Jagadamma Kavi C. , Rangra Prateek
Published: March 2024

Objective

A clinical audit was carried out on the opinions of doctors working in the Emergency Department (ED) of a large urban hospital regarding the diagnosis and management of cervical spine radiculopathy (CSR). Using international guidelines and current research, it aimed to determine if patients attending this ED were diagnosed and managed in line with best practice, and to identify any discrepancies or areas for improvement in relation to this.

Method

Doctors working in this ED were sent an online questionnaire and descriptive analysis was performed on the results to ascertain how they diagnose and manage patients who present with symptoms of CSR. It covered; presentation and definitions of CSR, identification of red flags, clinical tests used, diagnostic test criteria, appropriate management, education and advice given, and the criteria for further management. Additionally, it looked at their opinion on the services' needs.

Results

Most agreed that CSR will improve within 4 weeks with non‐operative management; however, there was a lack of consensus regarding the most affected nerve root, differential diagnosis and appropriate diagnostic tests. Opinions aligned regarding the identification of red flags and early management, especially with widespread neurological deficits. However, the management of ongoing pain or new neurological signs, differed between clinicians. Most participants strongly agreed that access to MRIs affected referrals within an ED episode.

Conclusion

Overall, the opinions matched recommended guidelines; however, some gaps in knowledge and differing management approaches were identified, indicating the need for ongoing education and standardisation of management.
The Larmor frequency shift of a white matter magnetic microstructure model with multiple sources
Authors: Sandgaard Anders Dyhr , Shemesh Noam , Østergaard Leif , Kiselev Valerij G. , Jespersen Sune Nørhøj
Published: March 2024

Magnetic susceptibility imaging may provide valuable information about chemical composition and microstructural organization of tissue. However, its estimation from the MRI signal phase is particularly difficult as it is sensitive to magnetic tissue properties ranging from the molecular to the macroscopic scale. The MRI Larmor frequency shift measured in white matter (WM) tissue depends on the myelinated axons and other magnetizable sources such as iron‐filled ferritin. We have previously derived the Larmor frequency shift arising from a dense medium of cylinders with scalar susceptibility and arbitrary orientation dispersion. Here, we extend our model to include microscopic WM susceptibility anisotropy as well as spherical inclusions with scalar susceptibility to represent subcellular structures, biologically stored iron, and so forth. We validate our analytical results with computer simulations and investigate the feasibility of estimating susceptibility using simple iterative linear least squares without regularization or preconditioning. This is done in a digital brain phantom synthesized from diffusion MRI measurements of an ex vivo mouse brain at ultra‐high field.
Rare finding of a porcelain gallbladder in an early 20th‐century asylum cemetery: Radiologic, clinical, and bioarchaeological perspectives
Authors: Mack Jennifer E. , Howard Candace M. , Didlake Ralph H.
Published: March 2024

Porcelain, or calcified, gallbladder is a finding rarely identified in archaeologically excavated remains. This study reports on an ovoid calcification found in the torso of adult skeleton from an early 20th‐century mental asylum cemetery in Mississippi. The calcified object was imaged using conventional x‐ray and computerized tomographic (CT) scanning (standard and micro), which produced images consistent with those of a clinically diagnosed porcelain gallbladder containing a single large gallstone. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of this medical condition, which may not be familiar to most anthropologists, and of the efficacy of CT scanning for the identification of calcified gallbladders, which may increase the number of cases reported in archaeological literature and provide more information about the prevalence of this condition, and gallbladder disease in general, in past populations.
Rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome: A historical review of treatments and outcomes for associated pediatric malignancies
Authors: Andres Sarah , Huang Karen , Shatara Margaret , Abdelbaki Mohamed S. , Ranalli Mark , Finlay Jonathan , Gupta Ajay
Published: March 2024

Rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome (RTPS) is a rare disorder associated with malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RTK), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), and/or other extracranial, extrarenal rhabdoid tumors (EERT), and these pediatric malignancies are difficult to treat. Presently, most of the information regarding clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes of rhabdoid tumors comes from large data registries and case series. Our current understanding of treatments for patients with rhabdoid tumors may inform how we approach patients with RTPS. In this manuscript, we review the genetic and clinical features of RTPS and, using known registry data and clinical reports, review associated tumor types ATRT, RTK, and EERT, closing with potential new approaches to treatment. We propose collaborative international efforts to study the use of SMARC (SWI/SNF‐related, matrix‐associated, actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin)‐targeting agents, high‐dose consolidative therapy, and age‐based irradiation of disease sites in RTPS.
Experimental and numerical investigation on the elastic properties of luffa–cenosphere‐reinforced epoxy hybrid composite
Authors: Gurjar Ashish Kumar , Kulkarni Satyabodh M. , Joladarashi Sharnappa , Doddamani Saleemsab
Published: March 2024

Estimating the elastic characteristics of natural fiber‐reinforced polymer composites such as luffa fiber reinforced with epoxy is challenging. The structure of luffa cylindrica is complex, like a three‐dimensional natural fibrous mat, netting‐like structure. The multiscale modeling of such structures is the challenge to be addressed. The prime objective of this work is to determine the specific elastic properties of luffa–cenosphere‐reinforced epoxy (LCE) composite, considering the effect of filler volume fractions. Furthermore, multiscale modeling techniques, such as representative volume elements (RVEs) of finite element techniques with chopped, unidirectional, plain, and twill weaving fiber arrangements, were employed. The longitudinal modulus, transverse modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio were predicted through these modeling approaches. However, experimental and analytical methodologies, including the rule of mixture and Halpin–Tsai, were considered to validate the finite element analysis results. The elastic characteristics of LCE composite were therefore shown to be enhanced by increasing filler volume fraction. However, the cenosphere's 20% volume fraction has the highest elastic properties as determined by analytical, experimental, and computational models. Analytical and finite element simulation results were compared with the experimental results, and based on the findings, the most suitable (unidirectional, chopped, plain, and twill weaving) RVE was identified for finite element modeling of LCE composite for the evaluation of elastic properties. Results from practical approaches and the RVE twill weaving model showed good agreement, with less than 1% error, compared to the other analytical and finite element methods.

Highlights

NFCs are gaining ground in polymer composites.

Overcoming challenges in modeling of luffa fiber inside epoxy matrix.

The study uses multiscale modeling with diverse fiber arrangements.

Experimental and analytical methods used to confirm FEA results.

Increased cenosphere volume fraction boosts LCE composite properties.
Integration of benzoic acid‐loaded nanocellulose fibers on biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) matrix and its application into food preservation
Authors: Thodikayil Aiswarya Thattaru , Kumar Ashutosh , Thakur Vikramsingh , V Gangalakshmi , Dhingra Shaifali , Saha Sampa
Published: March 2024

An active food‐packaging film based on biodegradable poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was fabricated by spraying benzoic acid (BZ)‐loaded nanocellulose dispersions on corona‐treated PHBV films. Corona treatment augmented surface hydrophilicity (contact angle: 46°) and roughness (~60 nm) of the film. While roughness (10 nm from 60 nm) and oxygen permeability (42 cc/m2 day from 205 cc/m2 day) significantly reduced with unaffected water vapor transmission rate, tensile strength (9.85 MPa) and elongation (1.96%) enhanced upon nanocellulose coating on the corona‐treated film. The BZ (23 wt% loading) containing coated film displayed excellent antibacterial activity up to 6 days, demonstrating immense potential in food‐packaging applications.

Highlights

Effect of corona treatment on hydrophobic poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) film was evaluated.

Surface hydrophilicity and roughness were introduced on PHBV film after corona exposure.

Antimicrobial‐loaded Nanofibrillated cellulose coating enhanced antibacterial activity of film preserving its mechanical and barrier properties.

BZ‐NFC‐PHBV film increased the shelf life of watermelon juice.
Enumerating Calabi‐Yau Manifolds: Placing Bounds on the Number of Diffeomorphism Classes in the Kreuzer‐Skarke List
Authors: Chandra Aditi , Constantin Andrei , Fraser‐Taliente Cristofero S. , Harvey Thomas R. , Lukas Andre
Published: March 2024

The diffeomorphism class of simply connected smooth Calabi‐Yau threefolds with torsion‐free cohomology is determined via certain basic topological invariants: the Hodge numbers, the triple intersection form, and the second Chern class. In the present paper, we shed some light on this classification by placing bounds on the number of diffeomorphism classes present in the set of smooth Calabi‐Yau threefolds constructed from the Kreuzer‐Skarke (KS) list of reflexive polytopes up to Picard number six. The main difficulty arises from the comparison of triple intersection numbers and divisor integrals of the second Chern class up to basis transformations. By using certain basis‐independent invariants, some of which appear here for the first time, we are able to place lower bounds on the number of classes. Upper bounds are obtained by explicitly identifying basis transformations, using constraints related to the index of line bundles. Extrapolating our results, we conjecture that the favorable entries of the KS list of reflexive polytopes lead to some diffeomorphically distinct Calabi‐Yau threefolds.
The effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on C‐reactive protein levels: GRADE‐assessed systematic review and dose–response updated meta‐analysis of data from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jazinaki Mostafa Shahraki , Rashidmayvan Mohammad , Pahlavani Naseh
Published: March 2024

Pomegranate juice (PJ) has a possible anti‐inflammatory effect because of its polyphenol content and antioxidants. However, the anti‐inflammatory effect of PJ in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has not been consistent. A previous meta‐analysis conducted in 2016 reported a nonsignificant lowering effect of PJ on C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to update the pooled effect size of PJ supplementation on CRP levels in RCT studies. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched until July 2023. Eligible studies were found by screening, their relevant data was extracted, and a risk of bias assessment was performed. The pooled effect size was calculated using a random effect model as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval. This systematic review included 11 studies with 13 effect sizes and 696 participants. Meta‐analysis showed that PJ supplementation led to a significant decrease in CRP levels compared to control groups (WMD: −2.55 mg/L; 95%CI: −3.44 to −1.66; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated the significant reduction effect of PJ on CRP levels in studies conducted on the both sexes or only females as well as Iranian population, individuals with 40 years≤, type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, or trials that intervened with PJ dosage of <250 ml/day. Meta‐regression and dose–response analysis reported a nonsignificant linear and nonlinear relationship between intervention characteristics (duration and dose of PJ) and CRP changes. The current meta‐analysis revealed that PJ supplemantation has a beneficial effect in improving CRP levels. It is recommended to understand this effect better, and find the optimal dose and duration of PJ supplementation to reduce CRP levels in the blood, and repeat meta‐analysis after related RCTs are available. For the final proof of these effects, more detailed human studies are needed.
Lamotrigine and quetiapine interaction
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: March 2024

Widespread use of the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine has resulted in the increased possibility of its interaction with other concurrently administered psychotropic agents. For example, the antiepileptic lamotrigine, commonly prescribed for the management of bipolar disorder, has a potential drug‐drug interaction with co‐administered quetiapine..
Influence of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation on tropical convection and its teleconnection to the midlatitudes in boreal winter
Authors: Andrews Martin B. , Knight Jeff R. , Scaife Adam A. , Wicker Wolfgang
Published: March 2024

Recently, a connection between the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) was found in observations. The boreal winter seasonal mean amplitude of the daily MJO is anticorrelated with the QBO winds measured at 50 hPa. We investigate whether this relationship is captured in reforecasts of past winters in a seasonal prediction system, and find the ensemble mean response does not show this association, with essentially zero correlation. By repeated subsampling of the ensemble reforecast data, we also show that the observed correlation is very unlikely to arise merely as the result of sampling in the relatively short observational record. Instead, we conclude that the reforecasts genuinely cannot capture the observed QBO–MJO seasonal relationship. We also consider the boreal winter seasonal mean response of tropical convection to the QBO and its influence on the subtropics. We find that the reforecasts are able to capture the stationary pattern found in the observed outgoing long‐wave radiation (OLR) over the tropical west Pacific in response to the QBO. We also find that the associated upper tropospheric divergence in observations interacts with the west Pacific subtropical jet to produce atmospheric Rossby wave patterns that propagate across the midlatitude Pacific Ocean. These extratropical waves have the potential to interfere with the climatological waves in midlatitudes, modifying the strength of the midlatitude annular mode through interactions with the extratropical stratosphere. However, the observed influence on wavenumber 1 is not captured by the reforecasts, suggesting a weak extratropical influence and a partial explanation for the weaker‐than‐observed QBO teleconnection to the Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation.
Downstream migration of landlocked Atlantic salmon smolt in a regulated river—Effects of multiple passage at dams with programmed spill
Authors: Norrgård Johnny R. , Nyqvist Daniel , Greenberg Larry , Bergman Eva
Published: March 2024

In many rivers, downstream‐migrating salmonid smolts must pass multiple dams often with high losses as a result. Fish experience mortality both in dam and reservoir passage, and spilling water might allow fish to avoid turbine passage and hence increase migration survival. In River Klarälven, Sweden landlocked Atlantic salmon smolts migrate along a 180 km long reach passing eight dams. A previous telemetry study estimated an accumulated migration success of 16% under conditions with no or very little spill. Here we repeat this study, under a planned spill regime at a subset of hydropower dams. Overall passage success through the eight dams was 32%, which is greater than the 16% reported from the same river section in a year without spill. Most of this increase, however, was attributable to the situation at one dam, where spill constituted a large proportion of total discharge. In addition, we found that loss rates km−1 were similar over dammed reaches and the lentic habitats, but greater than in the free‐flowing reference reaches. Results for migration speed paralleled this result with the highest speeds observed in the free‐flowing reaches.
A Three‐in‐One Integrated Cs3Bi2Br9@Co3O4 Heterostructure with Photoinduced Self‐Heating Effect for Synergistically Enhancing the Photothermal CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhang Zhijie , Qian Junyi , Wang Xuesheng , Chu Yaoqing , Xu Jiayue
Published: March 2024

Photothermal catalysis, which applies solar energy to produce photogenerated e−/h+ pairs as well as provide heat input, is recognized as a promising technology for high conversion efficiency of CO2 to value‐added solar fuels. In this work, a “shooting three birds with one stone” approach is demonstrated to significantly enhance the photothermal CO2 reduction over the Cs3Bi2Br9@Co3O4 (CBB@Co3O4) heterostructure. Initially, Co3O4 with photoinduced self‐heating effect serves as a photothermal material to elevate the temperature of the photocatalyst, which kinetically accelerates the catalytic reaction. Meanwhile, a p–n heterojunction is constructed between the p‐type Co3O4 and n‐type Cs3Bi2Br9 semiconductors, which has an intrinsic built‐in electric field (BEF) to facilitate the separation of photogenerated e−/h+ pairs. Furthermore, the mesoporous Co3O4 matrix can afford abundant active sites for promoting adsorption/activation of CO2 molecules. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, the as‐developed CBB@Co3O4 heterostructure achieves an impressive CO2‐to‐CO conversion rate of 168.56 µmol g−1 h−1 with no extra heat input. This work provides an insightful guidance for the construction of effective photothermal catalysts for CO2 reduction with high solar‐to‐fuel conversion efficiency.
iQuantum: A toolkit for modeling and simulation of quantum computing environments
Authors: Nguyen Hoa T. , Usman Muhammad , Buyya Rajkumar
Published: March 2024

Quantum computing resources are predominantly accessible through cloud services, with a potential future shift to edge networks. This paradigm and the increasing global interest in quantum computing have amplified the need for efficient, adaptable resource management strategies and service models for quantum systems. However, many limitations in the quantum resources' quantity, quality, availability, and cost pose significant challenges for conducting research in practical environments. To address these challenges, we proposed iQuantum, a holistic and lightweight discrete‐event simulation toolkit uniquely tailored to model hybrid quantum computing environments. We also present a detailed system model for prototyping and problem formulation in quantum resource management. Through rigorous empirical validation and evaluations using large‐scale quantum workload datasets, we demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of our toolkit in various use cases. iQuantum provides a versatile environment for designing and evaluating quantum resource management policies such as quantum task scheduling, backend selection, hybrid task offloading, and orchestration in the quantum cloud‐edge continuum. Our work endeavors to create substantial contributions to quantum computing modeling and simulation, empowering the creation of future resource management strategies and quantum computing's broader applications.
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Oxidation Behavior of Cerium in High‐Speed Steel during Electroslag Remelting
Authors: Zhu Junlin , Zheng Dingli , Liu Mengke , Ma Guojun , Li Jing , Zhang Xiang , Wei Xingwen , Volkova Olena
Published: March 2024

Cerium loss is difficult to be avoided during the electroslag remelting (ESR) process. To reduce the cerium loss in high‐speed steel during the ESR process, the present study investigates the thermodynamics of cerium oxidation in cerium‐containing high‐speed steel based on the thermodynamic calculation and laboratory‐scale steel–slag reaction experiments. The results show that the reactions between [Ce] and (Al2O3), as well as [Ce] and (MgO) contribute to the cerium loss in the steel. Increasing the contents of CaF2 and MgO in the slag, the activities of Al2O3 and Ce2O3 show a slightly decreasing trend. The addition of CaO and Ce2O3 significantly reduces the Al2O3 activity but enhances the Ce2O3 activity. MgO activity shows an insignificant change with the contents of CaO and Ce2O3, while it decreases with adding Al2O3 and CaF2. Reducing Al2O3 content and enhancing Ce2O3 content in the slag are feasible to increase the cerium yield in the steel. With increasing Al2O3 content from 16.93 to 26.92 wt%, the cerium yield decreases from 8.4% to 6.0%. Increasing Ce2O3 content from 3.98 to 11.01 wt% enhances the cerium yield from 6.0% to 16.9%. The actual soluble Ce content in equilibrium with slag is almost less than 0.001 wt%.
Bionic Functional Surgical Suture with Hierarchical Micro–Nano Dimensions for Rotator Cuff Repair: Inducing Process‐Matching Mechanobiological and Biological Responses Adapted to the Regeneration
Authors: Xu Junjie , Xie Xiaojing , Cai Jiangyu , Lin Jing , Han Kang , Li Yan , Wang Fujun , Jiang Jia , Wang Lu , Zhao Jinzhong
Published: March 2024

Surgical sutures are necessary for the rotator cuff (RC) repair to reconnect the torn and degenerating cuff tendon to its footprint. Early‐stage immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and the progressive mechanobiological response encourage complex healing processes involving micro‐nano dimensional reconstruction, including tendon‐bone interface integration and tendon remodeling. However, commercially available sutures with mismatched micrometer‐scale diameters resulted in mechanobiological and biological deficiencies, severely impeding RC regeneration. We developed a bionic functional surgical suture (SS) with helical and hierarchical micro‐nano structures using nano‐ and micro‐Poly (DL‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) yarns (ny), which was subsequently crosslinked in situ with a temporary chemotactic (TC) layer of physiological fibrin networks (TC‐nySS). The TC‐nySS has both mechanobiological and biological advantages: 1) biomimetic helical and hierarchical micro‐nano structures showed progressive degradation behavior, inducing the incremental mechanobiological response of the repaired tissues; 2) outer TC layer of biochemical modification by fibrin networks supplied dual‐functions of angiogenesis and immunomodulation at the early stage, subsequently resulting in timely vascularization and inflammatory regressions due to superior degradation behavior of the constructs. Consequently, TC‐nySS with structural and biochemical designs that elicit process‐matching mechanobiological and biological responses tailored to the RC regeneration successfully achieved the complex healing processes, including superior tendon‐bone interface integration and tendon remodelling.
Helminths of captive and free‐ranging populations of the mountain gazelle (Gazella gazella): Evidence from faecal examination
Authors: Karaer Mina Cansu , Sönmez Hande İrem , Madak Elif , Kankılıç Tolga , Tavşanoğlu Çağatay , Sarımehmetoğlu Hıfsı Oğuz
Published: March 2024

Background

Understanding parasite diversity in wild and captive animal populations has critical implications for both individual animal health and ecosystem dynamics in a broader sense. In mountain gazelles (Gazella gazella), the gastrointestinal helminth community is poorly understood, limiting our efforts in the conservation of this endangered bovid species. This species has only two remaining populations in the world, including the isolated northernmost population in Türkiye.

Objectives

To identify and compare the diversity and prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in captive and free‐ranging populations of mountain gazelles in Hatay, Türkiye, and to assess potential zoonotic risks.

Methods

In total, 105 fresh faecal samples, 45 individual samples and 60 faecal samples, representing 16 pools, from both captive and free‐ranging populations were collected and analysed using Fulleborn flotation, Benedek sedimentation and Bearman–Wetzel methods faecal flotation methods, including the McMaster technique to determine the severity of infection.

Results

We detected 12 helminth taxa in our examination of faecal samples, including gastrointestinal nematodes, lungworms and trematodes. Parasites from the Trichostrongyloidea family demonstrated variable hatching stages and rates, potentially influenced by ambient conditions. We also detected one protozoan among the samples. Our results revealed a higher diversity of parasites in free‐ranging populations compared to captive ones.

Conclusions

This study underscores the necessity for regular parasitological surveillance in both captive and free‐ranging wildlife populations for effective conservation management. It also contributes to the ‘One Health’ perspective by highlighting the potential zoonotic risks posed by parasites in wild ruminants. Our results have implications for the conservation and management of the mountain gazelle.
Completion pancreatectomy during pancreatoduodenectomy: A lifesaving solution in high‐risk patients
Authors: Ailhaud Antoine , Girard Edouard , Fournier Joey , Abba Julio , Devant Emmanuel , Betry Cecile , Risse Olivier , Roth Gaël S , d’Engremont Christelle , Chirica Mircea
Published: March 2024

Background

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is responsible of most major complications and fatalities after PD. By avoiding POPF, TP may improve operative outcomes in high‐risk patients. The aim was to compare total pancreatectomy (TP) and pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) in high‐risk patients and evaluate results of implementing a risk‐tailored strategy in clinical practice.

Methods

Between 2014 and 2023, 139 patients (76 men, median age 67 years) underwent resection of disease located in the head of the pancreas. Starting January 1, 2022, we offered TP to patients at high POPF risks (fistula risk score (FRS) ≥7) and to patients with intermediate POPF risks (FRS: 3–6) and high risks of failure to rescue (age> 75 years, ASA score ≥3). We compared outcomes of TP and PD and evaluated the results of the new strategy implementation on operative outcomes. Propensity score–based analysis was performed to limit bias of between‐group comparison.

Results

Eventually, 26 (19%) patients underwent TP and 113 (81%) patients underwent PD. Severe complications occurred in 42 (30%) patients and 13 (9%) patients died. TP resulted in shorter lengths of hospital stay (median: 14 days [11; 18] vs. 17 days [13; 24], p = 0.016) and less risks of post‐pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) (0% vs. 20%, p < 0.001) compared to PD. Crude and propensity match analysis showed that the implementation of a risk‐tailored strategy led to significant reduction of reoperation, POPF, PPH and mortality rates.

Conclusion

The use of TP as part of a risk‐tailored strategy in high‐risk patients can be lifesaving.
Recurrence rates of pilonidal sinus disease in the pediatric population following trephine surgery
Authors: Dreznik Yael , Sher Carmel , Baazuv Artur , Yekutiel Gal , Kravarusic Dragan
Published: March 2024

Background

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a common surgical disease. Multiple surgical methods exist in the literature, without clear consensus regarding which should be the first‐line treatment. Minimally invasive methods such as the Gips procedure are gaining popularity in recent years. The aim of our study was to assess recurrence rates following the Gips procedure and to determine whether using the same surgical approach during re‐operation is efficient and successful.

Methods

This is a single‐center retrospective observational study of pediatric patients that underwent Gips procedure due to PSD between the years 2012–2022.

Results

565 pediatric patients underwent an elective surgery for PSD in the study period. Recurrence rate was 8.1% (n = 46). In all the patients with recurrence, re‐operation took place on average 9 months following the first surgery and using the same surgical method. Following the second surgery, only 8 patients (1%) had multiple recurrences.

Conclusions

We found a relatively low recurrence rate in the pediatric population using the Gips method, and nearly 100% success rate following the second operation. Our findings set a new benchmark for pediatric recurrence following PSD operation, with clear recommendation to use the same method of surgery upon further recurrences as well.
Introduction: FIRElinks, a Community for Society and Science
Authors: Rodrigo-Comino Jesús , Cerdà Artemi , Doerr Stefan , Keesstra Saskia D. , Caballero-Calvo Andrés , Sobczyk Rita , Salvati Luca
Published: March 2024

FIRElinks (CA18135) originated from many efforts by a group of researchers after submitting a proposal for a COST Action. During four years, the main aim has been to develop an EU-spanning network of scientists and practitioners involved in forest fire research and land management with backgrounds such as fire dynamics, fire risk management, fire effects on vegetation, fauna, soil and water, and socioeconomic, historical, geographical, political perception, and land management approaches. Communities from different scientific and geographic backgrounds allowing the discussion of different experiences and the emergence of new approaches to fire research were connected. Working group number 5 was developed to power synergistic collaborations between European research groups and stakeholders to synthesize the existing knowledge and expertise and to define a concerted research agenda which promotes an integrated approach to create fire-resilient landscapes from a regional and socioeconomic point of view, taking into account how to teach the population, stakeholders, and policymakers considering the biological, biochemical, and physical, but also socioeconomic, historical, geographical, sociological, perception, and policy constraints. In this edited book, the main conclusion of working group 5 was addressed considering different study cases and methods developed by recognized experts over Europe: there is an urgent societal need to manage wildfires due to the expected further intensification and geographical spreading of its regimes under global change.
Forest Ecosystems, Forest Fire Internet of Things (FFIoT), and Socioeconomic Aspects
Authors: Skouteri Asimina , Spanos Konstantinos , Kourakli Peristera , Koulelis Panagiotis
Published: March 2024

Forests play a significant role in any circular economy strategy aimed at achieving sustainable development, human well-being, and national welfare. Forest fires are responsible for substantial losses in forest ecosystems and the valuable ecosystem services they provide. The Internet of Things (IoT) constitutes a collaborative ecosystem comprising smart devices, networking infrastructure, and advanced processing technologies that work together to create smart environments for end-users. This revolutionary technology ensures continuous access to information and facilitates the integration of people and data, contributing to a greener future. It offers effective methods and substantial technical support for forest and environmental sciences and sustainable forest planning and management. Despite the transformative impact of technology in various sectors, the forestry industry has been slow to embrace digital technologies. IoT can be effectively designed and implemented across all phases of forest fire management, transitioning it from a manual system to a digital one with widespread remote participation and governance. This transformation results in the development of more resilient forest landscapes in the face of climate change and external disasters. Achieving a consensus on measures, including hardware, software, and skill requirements, is crucial for ensuring effective information provision. Additional research methods and approaches are needed to address emerging economic, environmental, and social challenges, and there must be a general agreement on what aspects to measure and how to measure them.
Wildfire Education: A Review Across the Globe
Authors: Pacheco Renata , Skulska Iryna , Sequeira Ana Catarina , Colaço M. Conceição
Published: March 2024

Recent projections suggest that wildfires will occur more often and with higher intensity due to the changing climate. In this context, it is vital to educate the population to be ready and prepared to deal with these events. This book chapter reviews the state of the art of educational materials on wildfires worldwide that are available online. A total of 225 references on the matter were retrieved. The materials are from all five continents, involving 36 countries and written in 23 languages. Most of them are from regions with a Mediterranean climate with fire-prone ecosystems in which, for the last decades, wildfires have negatively affected the population. Regarding the target audience, most materials retrieved focused on the general public (about 48%), followed by students from various age groups (around 40%). Written documents, websites, and videos are the most frequent materials for the general public. As for students, a greater variability of pedagogical materials is available, ranging from mobile phone applications and digital and experimental activities to slides for classes and reading materials. The remaining materials focus on the rural population and firefighters’ training. Most references present the main concepts and ecological aspects of fire, along with safety and prevention measures. However, few discuss climate change, recovery, and socio-economic or health concerns. This gap should be addressed in the future wildfire educational materials to better prepare and inform society.