bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of the dual stratification impacts on Micropolar Casson-Nanofluid flow over a stretchable Surface
Authors: Ali Ahmed Refaie , Rafique Khuram , Ahmad Shahzad , Alotaibi Hammad
Published: November 2023

This analysis focuses on the flow of Casson-type micropolar nanofluid induced by a stretchable vertical surface. Energy and mass transport are investigated in this study. Furthermore, the impacts of double stratification (thermal and solutal) are considered. In addition, the transport equations incorporate Brownian motion and thermophoretic effects. The non-linear governing flow equations, along with associated boundary conditions, are transformed into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using appropriate similarity variables. These ODEs are solved numerically using the Keller box scheme. This investigation aims to examine the influences of Casson parameter effects on the micro-rotations of nanofluid flow. A comparative study is conducted with available outcomes. The velocity of the liquid exhibits an inverse relationship with the Casson and magnetic factors. Moreover, the temperature and concentration distribution of the considered fluid show a decreasing trend with changes in thermal and solutal stratification. Meanwhile, the mixed convection factor exhibits a direct correlation with the liquid velocity.
A qualitative co-design-based approach to identify sources of distress and develop well-being strategies for cardiovascular nurses, allied health professionals, and physicians
Authors: Jelen Ahlexxi , Goldfarb Rebecca , Rosart Jennifer , Graham Leanna , Rubin Barry B.
Published: November 2023

Objective: Clinician distress is a multidimensional condition that includes burnout, decreased meaning in work, severe fatigue, poor work–life integration, reduced quality of life, and suicidal ideation. It has negatives impact on patients, providers, and healthcare systems. In this three-phase qualitative study, we identified workplace factors that drive clinician distress and co-developed intervention strategies with inter-professional cardiovascular clinicians to decrease their distress within a Canadian quaternary hospital network.
Methods: Between October and May 2022, we invited nurses, allied health professionals, and physicians to participate in a multi-phase qualitative and co-design approach. Phases 1 and 2 included individual interviews and focus groups to identify workplace factors contributing to distress. Phase 3 involved co-design workshops that brought together inter-professional clinicians to develop strategies addressing drivers of distress identified. Qualitative information was analyzed using deductive and inductive processes.
Results: Fifty-two clinicians (24 nurses, 11 allied health professionals, and 17 physicians) participated. Insights from Phases 1 and 2 identified five key drivers of distress: inter-professional support, joy in work, unsustainable workloads, learning and professional growth, and transparent leadership communication. Phase 3 co-design workshops yielded four potential strategies to mitigate clinician distress in the workplace including re-designing daily safety huddles, formalizing a nursing mentorship program, creating a value-add program newsletter, and implementing an employee experience platform.
Conclusion: This study increases our understanding on workplace factors that contribute to clinician distress, as shared by inter-professional clinicians specializing in cardiovascular care. Healthcare organizations can develop effective interventions to mitigate clinician distress by actively engaging clinicians in collaboratively designing tailored, practical strategies that directly address these challenges.
Generalizations of second-order pseudo-convexity functions for vector optimization problems under second-order symmetric duality
Authors: Kassem Mohamed Abd El-Hady
Published: November 2023

In this work, we present new classes of second-order pseudo-convex functions and strong second-order pseudo-convex functions that generalize the second-order pseudo-convex functions. A pair of Mond-Weir type second-order symmetric duality multiple objective nonlinear programming problems formulate arbitrarily over these generalized second-order pseudo-convex functions. Furthermore, the weak, strong, and converse duality theorems are established and proven under these generalized second-order pseudo-convex functions. Finally, we present two nontrivial numerical examples to verify the results of the weak duality theorem and the strong duality theorem.
MS Classifications: 90-XX 90CXX 90C30 90C46 65K05 49M37 49N15
Performance Evaluation Of The Deep Learning System For Weed
Authors: Mosslah Abd , Mahdi Reyadh , Al-Barzinji Shokhan
Published: November 2023

Numerous approaches based on machine learning have emerged in recent years to enhance crop protection efficiency. One example is the utilisation of deep neural networks to differentiate between various weed types in actual event scenarios. Nevertheless, these methods often need substantial input from experts who work iteratively to design robust deep learning systems. To simplify such processes and conserve resources, researchers have explored a fresh method known as automated deep learning. the Our technology's recognition of weeds through the use of machine learning was evaluated using plant seedlings and weed collections from plants as a dataset to address the issue of weed recognition. The study compared various configurations, including plant segmentation, using a collection of classifiers in place of Softmax, and training with datasets that contain noise. The findings indicated ensuring performance, with F1-scores of 93.1% and 90.2% based on the dataset utilised. These results align with AutoML-linked studies while falling short of manually fine-tuned deep-learning-based systems created by human specialists. To conclude, exploring the potential of combining manual expert work and automated deep learning could be a promising direction for enhancing efficiency in plant defence.
A scoping review of mental health status in Australian medical students and doctors-in-training (DiT)
Authors: Ganes Anand , Sunder Priya
Published: November 2023

Background
The study and practice of medicine is known to contribute to burnout in medical students and junior doctors. There exists limited data on the degree of mental health burden for Australian medical students and doctors-in-training (DiT)
Objectives
The aim of this scoping review is to explore the impact of medical training on mental health of Australian medical students and DiT. Exploring the mental health landscape across different stages of training will help establish putative factors underlying psychiatric co-morbidities in this demographic.
Methods
The JBI framework for scoping review was utilized, involving the PCC criteria to identify the target population group and to develop the search strategy.(1) Peer-reviewed articles, published in English from 2012 to 2022 focusing on Australian medical students’ and doctors-in-training mental health were considered.
Results
Of the 177 articles identified, 24 studies were included in the review. Majority of the studies focused on DiT (n = 19) of which interns and residents were most well represented (n = 12) followed by surgical training (n = 5), with general practice (GP) (n = 2) and physician specialities (nil) being poorly represented. Most studies were quantitative (n = 18), with qualitative studies(n = 6) being under-represented. Common mental health themes identified were overall psychologic distress, burnout and depression/suicidal ideation with workplace harassment and discrimination being poorly represented.
Conclusions
Australian DiT are not equally represented in the literature with regards to the implication of the different specialty training pathways on their mental health landscape. Most studies were cross-sectional, preventing a detailed longitudinal assessment of burnout and work associated psychologic distress. The contributions of workforce factors versus speciality training factors contribution to overall mental health burden in DiT remain unclear and further research is required in this area.
COVID-19 Reinfection in Healthcare Workers: An Original Comprehensive Longitudinal Study
Authors: Karimi Yeganeh , Abdollahi Arash , Ahmadi Seyyed Amir Yasin , Riahi Taghi , Kalantari Saeed , Nafissi Nahid , Shokri Sima , Baradaran Hamid Reza , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: November 2023

Background
The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has perpetuated the global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the emergence of new cases. Healthcare workers (HCWs), given their heightened exposure to infected individuals, remain particularly susceptible to COVID-19 recurrence. The primary objective of this investigation was to explore the occupational risk factors contributing to COVID-19 recurrence among HCWs.
Methods
This longitudinal study was carried out in a specialized teaching hospital located in Tehran, Iran, approximately 20 months after the onset of the pandemic. HCWs were administered an online questionnaire specifically tailored to elicit information about their history of COVID-19 infections. Prediction modeling employed the use of generalized estimation equations.
Results
The study encompassed 601 HCWs, predominantly characterized by their female representation (60.2%), age bracket between 18 and 29 years (47.4%), and a notable absence of preexisting medical conditions or comorbidities (56.2%). This study revealed notable SARS-CoV-2 recurrence among HCWs, with 15% experiencing reinfection. Vaccination status had a significant influence on reinfection rates, precipitating a noteworthy reduction from 9.0% prevaccination to 1.4% post-initial dose and 5.0% following the second dose. In a comparative analysis, nurses exhibited more than a twofold increased risk of recurrence when juxtaposed against physicians and other HCWs. Furthermore, employment within a COVID-19 ward emerged as a substantial risk factor for reinfection. After adjusting for relevant risk factors within our predictive model, only occupation and working in COVID-19 wards emerged as statistically significant predictors in heightening the risk of reinfection.
Conclusion
This research underscores the escalated susceptibility of nurses, particularly those serving in COVID-19 wards. These findings have critical implications for the implementation of targeted interventions and enhanced infection control measures designed to safeguard HCWs effectively. Subsequent investigations should concentrate on larger prospective studies, delving further into the risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 recurrence, thereby enabling the refinement of preventive strategies for this high-risk demographic.
Lie Symmetry and Exact Solution of Conformable Time Fractional Schamel-Korteweg-De Vries Equation
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Kumar Rajeev , Bansal Anupma
Published: November 2023

In this current study, a systematic investigation is performed to derive symmetry reductions of conformable time-fractional Schamel-KdV equation via the Lie symmetry method. Using the obtained Lie point symmetries of nonlinear FPDEs the symmetry reduction is generated and utilized for the reduction into an ordinary differential equation. Some solutions of the reduced fractional ODEs are found with two straightforward methods to consider its traveling wave solution and series solutions, respectively. The method consists of the solutions which are trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational functions. Also, we presented some figures for the obtained explicit solutions.
AMS Math Subject Classification. 35Q53, 76M60, 83C15, 35C07.
Efficacy of Tooth Bleaching with 35% and 6% Hydrogen Peroxide in Primary Dentition: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Esteves Camilla Vieira , Sobral Ana Paula Taboada , Gonçalves Marcela Leticia Leal , Gimenez Thais , Gallo Juliana Maria Altavista Sagretti , Kobayashi-Velasco Solange , Neto Aloísio de Melo Farias , Altavista Olga Maria , Pinto Marcelo Mendes , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Motta Lara Jansiski , Bussadori Sandra Kalil
Published: November 2023

Background
The aesthetics of dental elements generates significant psychological and social impacts, both in primary and permanent dentition. One of the most employed techniques to visually improve the appearance of teeth is bleaching. In in-office whitening, the technique used consists of applying whitening gel to dental surfaces in concentrations ranging from 25–50% of hydrogen peroxide. However, recent studies showed that low and medium concentration bleaching agents based on hydrogen peroxide have been effective and present a lower risk of sensitivity to the patient. Thus, this work aims to carry out a controlled and randomized clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of dental bleaching in primary teeth with hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 35% and 6%.
Methods
In this study, 38 patients aged 3 to 6 years-old will be selected and allocated in 2 groups (G1 - Hydrogen Peroxide 35%, n = 19 and G2- Hydrogen Peroxide 6%, n = 19). Bleaching will be carried out in up to three sessions, with an interval of 7 days between each session. Evaluation of color and tooth sensitivity will be carried out 48 hours after each bleaching session. The color assessment will be measured with the aid of a digital spectrometer while the tooth sensitivity will be assessed by using the Pain Level Scale (Wong-Baker Faces®).
Discussion
It is expected that there will be no significant difference between the groups in terms of color variation and that the low concentration bleaching group will have the lowest sensitivity index.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05789004. Approval date on 14 August 2023.
The impact of fiscal policy on female labor force participation in Egypt
Authors: Attia Mohamed Omran Emad , Bilan Yuriy
Published: November 2023

There is no doubt that women play a vital role in all aspects of economic activities around the globe. However, despite the great efforts that governments have made over the past three decades to increase women’s integration into the labor market, their participation is still relatively low compared to men. On the other hand, economic literature argues that the government can use fiscal policy tools such as tax revenue and spending to decrease gender inequality in the labor market. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of government spending and tax revenue shocks on the female labor force participation rate (the share of women in the total labor force) in Egypt. Annual time-series data were collected from the Central Bank of Egypt and the World Bank from 1990 to 2021, where the vector autoregressive (VAR) model and impulse response functions have been used. The results suggest that government spending and tax revenue shocks increase gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, female labor force participation, and inflation. Results validated the research hypotheses and showed that a one standard deviation shock to either government spending or tax revenue has a positive impact on female labor force participation. Therefore, the study recommends that using an expansionary fiscal policy may increase the accessibility of Egyptian women to the labor market.
Some biochemical parameters and acute phase proteins in goats with pregnancy toxemia
Authors: AYTEKIN İSMAIL , GÜNGÖR BIROL , ARSLAN SEZAI
Published: November 2023

The present study investigated the levels of acetylcholinesterase, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), paraoxonase (PON1), haptoglobin (HPT), serum amyloid A (SAA), beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride in Saanen goats with pregnancy toxemia. The animal material included Saanen goats aged 2-5 years. The study was conducted on a total of 20 Saanen goats: 10 pregnant and 10 healthy animals. After clinical examination, 10 goats with BHBA levels of more than 1.5 mmol/L of blood were included in the pregnancy toxemia group, and 10 healthy goats with BHBA levels of less than 1 mmol/L were included in the control group. There were no significant differences between the total protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in the two groups. It was determined that, while the glucose level was low in the goats with pregnancy toxemia, BHBA, NEFA, acetylcholinesterase, tumor necrosis factor-α, paraoxonase, serum amyloid A, and haptoglobin levels were higher than they were in the healthy goats. In conclusion, it appears that ACHE, TNFa, PON, SAA, and HPT may be useful as additional indicators in the diagnosis of pregnancy toxemia and in the development of methods for its prevention.
Surgical management of traumatic stifle luxation in cats with using fabelotibial and fibulopatellar sutures
Authors: MORAWSKA-KOZŁOWSKA MAGDALENA , ZHALNIAROVICH YAUHENI
Published: November 2023

Cats’ ligaments in the stifle joint may become damaged because of several accident kinds. Effective treatment of this condition requires surgical intervention. The objective of this article is to outline the most precise diagnostic process, surgical treatment, as well as investigate the outcomes and potential complications in the surgical treatment of stifle disruption in cats without a temporary transarticular pin. Five cats of various breeds, ranging in age from 1 to 5 years, were used in the study. Each animal has both cruciate ligaments damaged. As a therapeutic therapy, two stabilizing sutures (fabellotibial and fibulopatellar) were applied to the cats. At one, three, five, seven-, and nine-weeks following surgery, each patient underwent control and clinical gait evaluation. A phone call with the owners was conducted 4 months following the surgery to gauge their satisfaction with treatment results and find out whether the cat had fully recovered. After treatment, all patients regained their mobility. No one cat had major complications and required reoperation. Few patients were exposed to minor complications, including swelling, bacteril infection and rupture of sutures. Each owner was satisfied with the results of the therapy and their animal’s recovery. To preserve the entire functionality of the limb, the lateral fabellotibial and fibulopatellar suture technique can be effective in young animals. If the cruciate ligaments are the primary area of damage, the suture technique may be helpful.
Nova síntese para a evolução biológica: O discurso dos acadêmicos de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas
Authors: Da Silva Aline Alves , Della Justina Lourdes Aparecida , Corazza Maria Júlia
Published: November 2023

O pensamento evolutivo está mudando com o surgimento de uma nova síntese devido ao desenvolvimento de pesquisas que ampliam a forma como se compreendem os aspectos biológicos. Este artigo teve como objetivo compreender a constituição discursiva de acadêmicos, formandos de dois cursos de Ciências Biológicas licenciatura, referente à síntese estendida da evolução. Para tanto, foi solicitado aos acadêmicos que, diante de afirmativas referentes à teoria da evolução, se posicionassem concordando ou não com tais afirmativas e, após, justificassem o porquê de seus posicionamentos. Com a análise do discurso (AD), foi possível perceber que os estudantes em estudo foram apresentados às pesquisas que ampliam os conhecimentos biológicos referentes à evolução. Entretanto, ainda necessitam de uma compreensão mais ampliada referente à síntese estendida e a seus processos, a fim de possibilitá-los a compreender os fenômenos relacionados à evolução biológica de forma integrada.
Educação escolar em comunidades de vaqueiros no Arquipélago do Marajó
Authors: Nazaré Mailson Lima , Fernandes Ana Natalia Barbosa Silva , Barboza Roberta Sá Leitão , Barboza Myrian Sá Leitão
Published: November 2023

Este estudo analisa a Educação Escolar na zona rural do município de Soure no arquipélago do Marajó, região Amazônica no Estado do Pará, a análise parte de reflexões sobre as comunidades tradicionais de vaqueiros e suas relações socioambientais em espaços de Fazendas, constituídas desde o período da colonização. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter qualitativo realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados apontam que a oferta da educação escolar do campo vem diminuindo na região, ocasionando migração do campo para a cidade, a presença de multisseriação e a necessidade de melhor interação entre os entes públicos que visem garantir infraestruturas de acesso e permanência ao ambiente Escolar.
Satisfaction with life and related sociodemographic variables among bereaved adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: De la Rosa-Gómez Anabel , Hernández-Jiménez María Jesús , Valencia Pablo D. , Domínguez-Rodríguez Alejandro , Bautista-Valerio Eduardo , Esquivel-Santoveña Esteban , Herdoiza-Arroyo Paulina Erika , Flores-Plata Lorena A. , Arenas-Landgrave Paulina , Martínez-Luna Sofía Cristina , Castellanos-Vargas Rosa Olimpia , Ramírez-Martínez Flor Rocío
Published: November 2023

Introducción: La satisfacción con la vida ha demostrado ser un indicador importante de bienestar físico y mental en las personas, y puede verse afectada por eventos vitales tales como la pérdida de un ser querido. Por consiguiente, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre un conjunto de variables sociodemográficas y la satisfacción con la vida en población mexicana que perdió un ser querido durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Método: Se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal, en el cual se aplicó la Escala de satisfacción con la vida a una muestra total de 4875 participantes de México. Resultados: Los hallazgos confirmaron que, a mayor edad, tener un trabajo y educación superior se asociaron con una mayor satisfacción con la vida. Por otra parte, el uso de medicación psiquiátrica y un mayor tiempo transcurrido desde la pérdida se relacionaron con menor satisfacción con la vida. Conclusiones: El estudio respalda la necesidad de construir redes de apoyo entre la población y los servicios de salud mental, con especial énfasis en algunas subpoblaciones de mayor vulnerabilidad.
Investigación en psicología positiva y su impacto en la comprensión de las capacidades humanas
Authors: Ruvalcaba Romero Norma , Tarragona Sáez Margarita
Published: November 2023

En las últimas décadas, la investigación en Psicología Positiva ha realizado aportes relevantes al campo de la psicología y el comportamiento humano, entre los que se destacan una concepción más amplia y enriquecida de las posibilidades y capacidades de los individuos y de la sociedad, y con ella, una reflexión en torno a nociones como bienestar, florecimiento, calidad de vida y desarrollo humano. Además, ha propiciado el estudio de factores que contribuyen a la salud física y mental, y el diseño de intervenciones efectivas que favorecen dichos aspectos. Estos aportes se ven hoy reflejados en múltiples estudios y publicaciones[1] que, indudablemente, han contribuido al avance de la ciencia y al fortalecimiento de la formación de estudiantes, académicos y profesionales de la psicología y áreas afines.
[1] Un estudio bibliométrico encontró más de 4,000 publicaciones cientícias sobre psicología positiva entre 1999 y 2021 (Wang, F., Guo, J., & Yang, G. (2023). Study on positive psychology from 1999 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis. Frontiers in psychology, 14, 273.)
Urban water infrastructure: current status and challenges in India
Authors: Narasimhan Sridhar Kumara , Narasimhan Shankar , Murty Bhallamudi S. , Das Ashutosh , Mohankumar M. S.
Published: November 2023

It is projected that by 2025, more than 50% of the population in the Global South will be living in urban areas accounting for a population of 3.75 billion. As the resources are limited, expanding cities in the Global South are facing severe crisis with regard to resource depletion, lack of space, equitable access to critical infrastructure, among other problems. Moreover, the existing infrastructure is aged and is in a dilapidated condition, requiring immediate attention. Adequate supply of water is not only important for living, but also from the perspective of hygiene, public health and control of diseases. However, despite the provision of adequate water, the incommensurate mismanagement of wastewater leads to non-hygienic conditions. Thus, provision of water supply infrastructure should necessarily go hand in hand with appropriate collection and management of wastewater. Further, management of rainwater and prevention of urban flooding through appropriate implementation of storm water drainage is crucial. In this chapter, we review the current status of urban water infrastructure in India. The review includes domestic water supply systems, sewerage systems and storm water drainage systems. The challenges that are being faced towards the evolution of water-sensitive urban areas are identified, and the way forward for surmounting those challenges is proposed.
Application of engineered natural treatment systems for pollution abatement
Authors: Ravichandran Manthiram Karthik , Thayyil Mohammed Iqbal , Philip Ligy
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the availability of freshwater resources has been depleting due to increased water consumption by the growing population worldwide. In this regard, the treatment and reuse of wastewater aid in achieving water security and environmental protection. In low-income countries of the Global South, the infrastructure for water and sanitation is neither sufficient nor sustainable to meet current and future demands. This lack of resources has caused numerous communities in these countries to face difficulties in obtaining clean water, sanitation and hygiene services. The water treatment landscape in India is characterized by a lack of infrastructure and resources, with only 37% of the generated sewage getting treated. The cost of treatment is significantly high, with a large portion of the total expense going towards the infrastructure needed to collect and transport sewage to centralized treatment plants. Also, these systems demand substantial operational and maintenance costs. In addition, the traditional sewage treatment plants are not designed for the removal of emerging contaminants (ECs) like pharmaceuticals and personal care products, which are becoming increasingly prevalent in wastewater systems. In this context, engineered natural treatment systems (ENTS) are emerging as a viable wastewater treatment and reuse option. In particular, constructed wetlands (CWs) are low-cost, passive natural treatment options with minimal capital investment and technological intervention. Furthermore, their treatment potential and ecosystem services have been proven effective in removing ECs along with organic pollutants and nutrients. This makes them an ideal option for sustainable water treatment and reuse, particularly in the low-income countries of the Global South. This chapter focuses on the performance of CWs in removing a wide range of pollutants from municipal wastewater. Special attention is given to ECs in wastewater systems and their fate and removal mechanisms in the CWs. This study also summarizes some of the successful practical models for the application of ENTS.
Water pollution abatement using waste-derived materials: a sustainable approach
Authors: Choudhary Vaishali , Kumar Sumit , Tewari Chetna , Sahoo Nandagopal , Philip Ligy
Published: November 2023

The rapidly growing population has resulted in increased water demand and generation of high volume of solid wastes. Both excess solid waste and poor water reuse efficiency primarily result from improper management. Accordingly, to reduce the associated environmental burdens, the utilization of waste-derived material for water treatment can be considered as a sustainable approach. The current chapter aims to provide a holistic approach to solid waste management by generating value-added materials and their potential application for water pollution abatement. Different classes of waste, including agriculture, industrial, and electronic, and their possible activation methods are discussed. Also, the potential applications of such waste-derived products in different water treatment techniques, such as adsorption, catalysis, and electrochemical application, are detailed. Overall, the possibilities of utilizing waste to derive value-added products that can be employed for pollution abatement of contaminated water and achieve circular economic concepts are reviewed.
Implementation challenges for new projects and technologies
Authors: Natarajan Ashok , Murty Bhallamudi S.
Published: November 2023

Implementations of new water infrastructure projects must overcome several challenges. Many difficulties are faced while introducing new and emerging technologies for water and wastewater treatment. These challenges stem from the irregular availability of (1) financial resources, (2) skilled personnel for planning, design, and operation, and (3) implementation agencies for executing the project works. Challenges are also faced because of inadequate institutional structures and the absence of facilitating government policies. Quite often societal acceptance is not guaranteed. In this chapter, we discuss various challenges one can expect while implementing new water infrastructure and adopting new technologies for water and wastewater treatment. We discuss infrastructure financing, resources required for implementation, and institutional and policy framework. The importance of social acceptance is also stressed.
Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation of Qingwen Baidu
Decoction Therapeutic Potential in COVID-19-related Lung Injury
Authors: Yang Ju , Zhang Zhao , Liu Honghong , Wang Jiawei , Xie Shuying , Li Pengyan , Wen Jianxia , Wei Shizhang , Li Ruisheng , Ma Xiao , Zhao Yanling
Published: November 2023

Background and Purpose:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a lifethreatening
disease worldwide due to its high infection and serious outcomes resulting from
acute lung injury. Qingwen Baidu decoction (QBD), a well-known herbal prescription, has
shown significant efficacy in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019. Hence, this study aims to
uncover the molecular mechanism of QBD in treating COVID-19-related lung injury.

Methods:

Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database (TCMSP), DrugBanks
database, and Chinese Knowledge Infrastructure Project (CNKI) were used to retrieve the active
ingredients of QBD. Drug and disease targets were collected using UniProt and Online Mendelian
Inheritance in Man databases (OMIM). The core targets of QBD for pneumonia were analyzed
by the Protein-Protein Interaction Network (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms. The
analysis of key targets using molecular docking and animal experiments was also validated.

Results:

A compound-direct-acting target network mainly containing 171 compounds and 110
corresponding direct targets was constructed. The key targets included STAT3, c-JUN, TNF-α,
MAPK3, MAPK1, FOS, PPARG, MAPK8, IFNG, NFκB1, etc. Moreover, 117 signaling pathways
mainly involved in cytokine storm, inflammatory response, immune stress, oxidative stress
and glucose metabolism were found by KEGG. The molecular docking results showed that the
quercetin, alanine, and kaempferol in QBD demonstrated the strongest affinity to STAT3, c-
JUN, and TNF-α. Experimental results displayed that QBD could effectively reduce the pathological
damage to lung tissue by LPS and significantly alleviate the expression levels of the three
key targets, thus playing a potential therapeutic role in COVID-19.

Conclusion:

QBD might be a promising therapeutic agent for COVID-19 via ameliorating
STAT3-related signals.
Antiviral Activity of Natural Herbs and their Isolated Bioactive
Compounds: A Review
Authors: Singh Sonia , Murti Yogesh , Semwal Bhupesh
Published: November 2023

Viruses are the cause of many human pathogenesis-related conditions. A serious hazard
to public health has been created because of the increase in worldwide travel, fast urbanization,
and infectious epidemics. At the same time, no preventative vaccines or antiviral treatments
are currently available. Resources for developing new antiviral medications can be found in enhanced
natural products and herbal medicines. These natural substances have aided the research
on developing preventive vaccines and antiviral treatments. Based primarily on in vitro and in
vivo searches, this review aims to explore the antiviral properties of plant extracts and some isolated
plant natural products. Only a few antiviral medications have been given clinical approval,
while numerous viruses continue to elude adequate immunization. Therefore, developing novel
antiviral medicines is crucial, and natural substances make excellent sources for these new
drugs. This review highlights various natural herbal drugs possessing antiviral properties.
Empowering the Battle: Bioenhancers as Allies Against Cancer Drug
Resistance
Authors: Jadhav Pratiksha Vasant , Prasath Naga Jothi , Gajbhiye Saurabh Ghannil , Rane Utkarsha Arun , Agnihotri Tejas Girish , Gomte Shyam Sudhakar , Jain Aakanchha
Published: November 2023

Background::

Drug resistance has been a great hindrance in the path of counteracting
diseases like cancer and is driven by drugs misuse and overuse. In terms of cancer, resistance
has been developed due to cellular changes, altered growth activation pathways, increased expression
of efflux proteins, and changes in the local physiology of cancer (blood supply, tissue
hydrodynamics, increased mutation rate/epigenetics, tumor cell heterogeneity). One of the approaches
to address these challenges is the use of bioenhancers, which can overcome drug resistance,
thereby improving bioavailability (BA).

Conclusion::

Bioenhancers when combined with drugs can elicit pharmacological activity. They
are generally combined with therapeutic agents at low doses, which increase the BA or therapeutic
activity of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). This review sheds light on the synthesis
and classification of bio-enhancers. It also discusses different applications of bio-enhancers like
piperine, ginger, quercetin, curcumin, etc. in the treatment of cancer. The review also presents
some of the recent advancements in terms of nanocarriers for delivering API combined with
bioenhancers.
Lanthanum Hydroxide and Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral and Bone
Disorder: A Rat Model
Authors: Gu Chao , Zhang Ting , Gao Yuan , Li Xiaojia , Yuan Xiaorong , Wang Qiwen , Liu Hong , Han Ruilan , LI Gang
Published: November 2023

Objective:

To investigate the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of lanthanum
hydroxide(LH) on ectopic mineralization of soft tissue and abnormal bone in rats with acute
kidney injury(AKI).

Methods:

Wistar rats were modeled by 5/6 nephrectomy. After the operation, the rats were divided
into different groups, the biochemical indexes of serum collected at different times. LH was administered
by intragastric tube at doses of 0.4, 0.2, and 0.1g/kg, respectively. Rats were sacrificed in the
16th week after LH treatment. Observation of pathological changes in tissues were made by specific
staining. Western Blot, Real-Time Quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry techniques were
used to detect the impact on pathway-related proteins.

Results:

Compared with the control group (no LH administered), the serum phosphate level of the
LH group was significantly reduced (p<0.01), calcification of the thoracic aorta was reduced
(p<0.05, p<0.01) (Serum biochemical tests before dosing and during drug treatment cycles), renal
fibrosis was improved (p<0.01), nuclear entry of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was reduced
(p<0.01), and the expression of the smooth muscle protein 22α (SM22α) was significantly increased
(p<0.01). The expression of osteogenic marker genes was decreased. In addition, compared with the
controls, the receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) ratio of
the femur in the model group was increased (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

LH can inhibit the occurrence and development of vascular calcification and bone abnormalities
in AKI rats by inhibiting the NF-κB and RANKL/OPG signaling pathways.
Advances in the Management of Diabetes and Overweight using
Incretin-based Pharmacotherapies
Authors: Prajapati Shatrudhan
Published: November 2023

Throughout the previous three decades, the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1
hormone has attracted much attention to attain possible therapy goals for the treatment of both
hypoglycaemic along type II diabetes militates and overweight. The pharmaceutical generation
of peptides similar to hypoglycaemia-based medicines is exemplified by agonists of the GLP-
1R (Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors). Pharmacokinetic profiles are continuously being improved,
beginning with the native hormone with a two- to three-minute quarter and progressing
through growth every day with once-drug combinations. Due to contradictory data that indicate
stimulation or inhibition of the Glucagon-like peptide receptor, the Glucose-dependent insulin
tropic peptide receptor offers favorable effects on systemic metabolism. The recent Glp-1R
(Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-) targeting monomolecular drugs has demonstrated therapeutic
effectiveness and has stoked interest in Glucose-dependent insulin tropic polypeptide antagonism
as a treatment for overweight and diabetes mellitus. These drugs have been shown to
dramatically improve carbohydrates with body weight management in sick people who have
obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. In this study, recent breakthroughs in compelling therapeutic
interventions are discussed, and the biology and pharmacology of the glucose-like peptide
are reviewed.
The Relationship between Taking Health Courses and Body Image
Dissatisfaction in Young Medical Students
Authors: Alfawaz Waad , Almaiman Deemah , Alghafis Shuruq , Almuharib Noura , Alnefaie Shahad
Published: November 2023

Background:

Body image (BI) is a set of characteristics inclusive of a person's behaviours,
perceptions, feelings and ideas about the shape and size of their body, which has a significant
effect on mental, emotional, and physical health and the quality of life. This study sought to
ascertain the relationship between health students' body image dissatisfaction (BID) and nutrition
course enrollment.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on health major students at King Saud University
in Saudi Arabia, Riyadh. An interview of the body shape questionnaire-14 version in
Arabic was used, and data were analysed using SPSS statistical software. This study included
257 participants.

Results:

Males (50.9%, only 8.2%) had body image dissatisfaction, 55.6% had normal body
mass index (BMI), and around 45.9% spent more than 4 hours on social media, with WhatsApp
being used the most (83%). We found one factor significantly affecting our results: BMI, with a
P= <.001. We found low levels of body dissatisfaction among participants, no effect by social
media use duration, and found that BMI had a significant effect on BID.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study added to our understanding of the relationship between
taking nutrition courses daily (BID) and increasing public awareness of the importance of maintaining
a healthy weight in order to achieve body shape satisfaction, as doing so helps to prevent
future health issues brought on by incorrect beliefs about body shape.
Obesity-associated Airway Hyperresponsiveness: Mechanisms Underlying
Inflammatory Markers and Possible Pharmacological Interventions
Authors: Pathak Manash Pratim , Patowary Pompy , Chattopadhyay Pronobesh , Barbhuiyan Pervej Alom , Islam Johirul , Gogoi Jyotchna , Wankhar Wankupar
Published: November 2023

Obesity is rapidly becoming a global health problem affecting about 13% of the
world’s population affecting women and children the most. Recent studies have stated that
obese asthmatic subjects suffer from an increased risk of asthma, encounter severe symptoms,
respond poorly to anti-asthmatic drugs, and ultimately their quality-of-life decreases. Although,
the association between airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and obesity is a growing concern
among the public due to lifestyle and environmental etiologies, however, the precise mechanism
underlying this association is yet to establish. Apart from aiming at the conventional antiasthmatic
targets, treatment should be directed towards ameliorating obesity pathogenesis too.
Understanding the pathogenesis underlying the association between obesity and AHR is limited,
however, a plethora of obesity pathologies have been reported viz., increased pro-inflammatory
and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines, depletion of ROS controller Nrf2/HO-1 axis,
NLRP3 associated macrophage polarization, hypertrophy of WAT, and down-regulation of
UCP1 in BAT following down-regulated AMPKα and melanocortin pathway that may be correlated
with AHR. Increased waist circumference (WC) or central obesity was thought to be related
to severe AHR, however, some recent reports suggest body mass index (BMI), not WC tends
to exaggerate airway closure in AHR due to some unknown mechanisms. This review aims to
co-relate the above-mentioned mechanisms that may explain the copious relation underlying
obesity and AHR with the help of published reports. A proper understanding of these mechanisms
discussed in this review will ensure an appropriate treatment plan for patients through
advanced pharmacological interventions.
Ensayo a escala real en arco de acero con correa no convencional bajo cargas laterales y de gravedad.
Authors: Zavala Carlos , Gallardo Jorge , Gibu Patricia , Honma Claudia
Published: November 2023

En el presente reporte se propone el uso de una vigueta no convencional de sección triangular con diagonales cruzadas para ser usadas en estructuras de arco. Se construyo un arco de 7 metros de luz con viguetas de 6 metros para investigar el comportamiento frente a cargas de gravedad extremas y cargas laterales monotonicas. Para probar la interacción entre el arco soporte y las viguetas se aplicaron cargas incrementales sobre cada elemento encontrándose una deflexion elástica del orden de 0,007 m. para una carga repartida de 931N/m para una demanda de las especificaciones AISC-LRFD (L/360). Se encontró una deflexion máxima al final del ensayo del orden de 0.013 m. para una carga repartida sobre las viguetas de 1470 N/m. Para probar la efectividad de la conexión empernada entre arco y viguetas, un ensayo a escala natural bajo aplicación de carga lateral monotonía fue desarrolladas a manera de simulación de una carga de viento extremo sobre laestructura. Se encontró que para un desplazamiento lateral del sistema de 0,05 m. la carga producida fue de 2254 N. Este valor de carga se encuentra en el inicio del comportamiento no lineal del sistema estructural.
Superpave y SMA
Authors: Ordoñez Huamán Abel , Minaya Gonzáles Silene
Published: November 2023

Las mezclas asfálticas en los EE.UU. han sido diseñados mediante procedimientos típicamente empíricos basados en ensayos de laboratorio, esto significaba que la experiencia era necesaria para correlacionar los análisis de laboratorio y el comportamiento del pavimento en el campo. Sin embargo, aún con el seguimiento estricto de los procedimientos y criterios de diseño, el comportamiento adecuado no estaba asegurado. El Método Superpave es un producto de la Strategic Highway Research Program, SIIRP creado por el Congreso Americano en el año 1987, con un presupuesto inicial de 150 millones de dólares para investigar el comportamiento de las mezclas asfálticas, la duración de las vías, así como el desarrollo de métodos basados en especificaciones que relacionen los análisis de laboratorio con el comportamiento en el campo. El Superpave está siendo implementado por agencias americanas para reemplazar los métodos Marshall y Hveem(actualmente usados en el Perú). El Superpave optimiza la resistencia de la mezcla a las deformaciones permanentes, agrietamiento por fatiga y el agrietamiento producido por bajas temperaturas. En los inicios de 1960 la industria europea del asfalto reconoció la necesidad de pavimentos resistentes a las deformaciones permanentes y daños en el pavimento sometido a tráfico pesado y bajas temperaturas. En respuesta a ello, los contratistas desarrollaron el Stone Mastic Asphalt, SMA mezcla de granulometría incompleta con un contenido mayor de agregado grueso. mineral de filler y cemento asfáltico así como menor cantidad de agregado fino y arena. La mezcla tuvo un suceso en Alemania y su uso se expandió a toda Europa y actualmente a EE.UU. y Canadá. El artículo presenta los resultados de investigaciones en la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería para la aplicación del Superpave y el SMA en el Perú.
Yield and Yield Components of Red Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) Influenced by Application of Amino Acid Fertilizer and Triacontanol
Authors: Putra Anggara Ista , Waluyo Budi , Nihayati Ellis
Published: November 2023

Red onions are one of the agricultural products with a relatively high demand for the consumer market in Indonesia, but the productivity figure is quite low when compared to other countries (FAO, 2021). This study seeks to explore the effectiveness of the application of amino acid fertilizer and triacontanol in increasing the yield and yield components of red onions. Employing a randomized block design, this study used 2 factors, which are amino acid fertilizers (A1: 1000 ppm; A2: 3000 ppm; A3: 5000 ppm) and triacontanol (T0: 0 ppm; T1: 5ppm; T2: 10 ppm). Each combination is repeated 3 times. As a results, amino acid fertilizers can significantly affect the number of red onions bulbs, yields per hectare, economic weight, and economic weight loss. The interaction of characters of bulb length was shown in the combination of 5-10 ppm triacontanol with amino acid fertilizer. The best response, which ranged from 10.64% to 11.67%, was noted in fertilizer with 5000 ppm of an amino acid fertilizer. As the concentration of amino acid fertilizer in combination with triacontanol increased, the total bulb fresh weight increased as well, in which, 5000 ppm of amino acid fertilizer could increase the weight by 45,23-45,43 g clump-1, which was greater than the response of the 1000 ppm amino acid fertilizer combination.
The Sustainable Tourism of Lumban Suhi–Suhi Village Samosir after The Pandemic
Authors: Gultom Eva
Published: November 2023

The objective of this research is to comprehend the roles of the sustainable tourism toward local community in socio-cultural preservation. In this specific context, this writing specifically focuses on the intentional changes and innovative measures implemented by the local community to promote tourism development, particularly in the aftermath of the pandemic. The research question posed in this study is how the Lumban Suhi Suhi Toruan village can preserve their tourism existence after the pandemic both domestically and internationally. This study utilized qualitative and holistic approaches such as conducting interviews, making observations, or analyzing relevant documents and taking comprehensive notes or the data records for data collection analysis. Lumban Suhi Suhi Village prioritizes the use of media platforms as promotion tool and cultural assimilation towards the pervasive digital changes. The concept of "Hita Do Hita" represents the idea of unity in attracting the younger generation to contribute to the development of their hometowns by using podcast as a way to establish the sustainable tourism. The creation of this podcast as an example of employing innovative transformation to motivate young individuals to return to their communities and actively support their growth. Furthermore, Lumban Suhi Suhi Toruan village organizes events such as the Gondang Naposo fashion show, an annual festival called Martonun Sadari, and other activities to attract both local and international tourists that are modified innovatively to compete with other tourism villages around Samosir Island.