bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An improved model for primary prediction of performance map for turbocharger radial turbine
Authors: El Hameur Mohamed Amine , Cerdoun Mahfoudh , Tarabet Lyes
Published: May 2024

In the contemporary landscape, possessing an intricate understanding of the performance characteristics of turbocharger radial turbine proves invaluable during engine development phases, to improve predictive capabilities of calculation codes and enhance the critical process of matching engines with turbochargers. This research deals with offering two precise yet straightforward analytical functions intended to generate comprehensive performance maps of turbocharger turbines. This is achieved through a refined adjustment of a preexisting analytical function, after introducing an inventive multiplication factor that aligns numerical calculations with experimental data to predict the turbine’s expansion ratio. Besides, a second analytical function forecasts the turbine’s thermo-mechanical efficiency by establishing a power balance equation between the turbine and supplied compressor map. The outcome of the developed model is compared with existing method on two distinct turbochargers, encompassing various rotational speeds. Additionally, a sensitive analysis aiming to detect the most important factors affecting our developed model while exploring it possible validity range for different thermodynamic parameters. The results indicate that the two functions yield reliable estimations of turbine performance, with maximum; root mean square error, R2, and mean absolute percentage error indices find around 9.47%, 0.993, and 9.03% for the turbine expansion ratio, and about 4.42%, 0.612, and 19.78% for efficiency prediction. This novel model enhances simulation accuracy while preserving user-friendliness and robustness based on the prerequisite of limited geometric and thermodynamic parameters at the turbocharger boundaries. Finally, the main advantages of the proposed model is its adaptability for the implementation in calculation codes, turbomachinery optimization strategies and assessments of the design and performance, addressing scenarios where the original turbine maps are rarely provided by turbocharger manufacturers.
Development of parametric window and optimization of process parameters to predict bead profile in magnetically controlled gas tungsten arc welding
Authors: Shakya Paramjeet , Singh Kulwant , Arya Harish Kumar
Published: May 2024

A novel methodology has been proposed to tame the arc shape by adopting an external magnetic field, resulting weld profile as required. The co-axial magnetic field developed by specially designed electromagnets is superimposed on the welding arc. It was found that 0-0-S-N configuration provided more penetration than conventional gas tungsten arc welding. A parametric window has been developed for the selected configuration to obtain the desired bead geometry. The experiments were performed using process parameters as suggested by the design matrix, developed using response surface method technique. Mathematical models were evolved from experimental data for penetration and bead width. The evolved model for penetration is adequate up to 99.72% confidence level and for bead width is 99.98% confidence level. The effects of process parameters have been presented in a graphical manner for better understanding. The penetration achieved with the magnetically controlled GTAW process is 3.92 mm, which is 30% more than that achieved with conventional GTAW. The bead width increases initially, up to a certain limit, and then reduces with an increase in excitation current. Further, the experiments have been conducted on the optimized parameters for the validation of models. The refined grains were obtained due to magnetic stirring of the molten pool, which is desirable for improvement in mechanical properties of welds. The average grain size was reduced from 42.55 to 31.03 µm. The improved microstructure containing more amount of acicular ferrite was obtained with magnetically controlled arc.
Implication of injection angle and jet-to-cross flow ratio on the combustion characteristics of a scramjet combustor
Authors: Chakravarthy Subhasis , Randive Pitambar , Pati Sukumar
Published: May 2024

The present work deals with the implication of injection angle and jet-to-cross flow ratio on the combustor performance of a cavity-based scramjet combustor. Unsteady, two-dimensional compressible flow through the scramjet combustor is considered to comprehend the effects of Mach number (Ma), jet-to-cross flow ratio ([Formula: see text]) and injection angle (α) on the combustion characteristics. Results are presented for the following range of parameters: 2.0 ≤ Ma ≤ 2.7; 15° ≤ α ≤ 60° and 0.5 ≤  [Formula: see text]  ≤ 1.2. Intense recirculation zone is observed at θ = 45° irrespective of inlet Mach number which are quintessential for proper mixing. Further, the size of the recirculation zone is the largest when jet-to-cross flow ratio is equal to 0.8 acting as a precursor for enhanced mixing performance. Moreover, static pressure reaches an optimum value at injection angle of 45° beyond which further increase would result in thermal choking. Our study reveals that mixing is improved with an increase in Mach number (Ma). It is observed that the size of the recirculation zone is strongly dependent on the jet-to-cross flow pressure ratio along with the injection angle. To put it in a nutshell, the injection angle of 45° along with a jet-to-cross flow pressure ratio of 0.8 is conducive the optimal performance in scramjet combustor.
Librarians, archivists, and museum professionals’ role perceptions and cross sectoral collaboration – Signs of convergence?
Authors: Tóth Máté , Hvenegaard Rasmussen Casper , Vårheim Andreas , Johnston Jamie , Khosrowjerdi Mahmood
Published: May 2024

Public libraries, archives, and museums have identifiable differences related to their founding missions and play many roles in today’s cultural sector and broader society, yet LAM institutions’ professional activities appear very similar. Moreover, increased digitization of LAM collections allows for increased collaboration and convergence across the institutions, and the merging of L, A, and M education at the tertiary level nurtures a common professional knowledge base. How are the LAM professions developing in relation to each other; are they growing together or apart? This paper analyzes questionnaire responses reflecting European LAM professionals’ perceptions of their roles as cultural professionals and how this influences their likelihood to collaborate with others in the LAM sector. Collaboration is prevalent between the three types of professionals studied. Forty-six percent of librarians confirm that they collaborate with archives and/or museums, 60% of archives report collaborating with libraries and museums, and 73% of museologists collaborate with libraries and/or archives. LAM professionals perceive their roles as distinct and closely tied to the core of their social mission. There are various factors influencing collaboration among Library, Archive, and Museum (LAM) professionals.
Pharmacotherapy of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Barakeh Donna , Mdaihly Hadil , Karaoui Lamis R.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

This review aims to provide an overview of pharmacologic management for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women, with a focus on available agents.

Data sources:

Through a literature search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov from 1999 to 2024, studies were selected using the following MeSH search terms: hypoactive sexual desire disorder, premenopause, pharmacologic management, flibanserin, bremelanotide, buspirone, bupropion, and testosterone, excluding those involving postmenopausal women or other sexual disorders. Product monographs were also reviewed.

Study selection and data extraction:

Relevant English-language studies or those conducted in humans were considered.

Data synthesis:

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder, characterized by a lack of motivation for sexual activity, predominantly affects women aged 45 years and older. Treatment involves a multimodal approach, including nonpharmacologic interventions such as psychotherapy and lifestyle adjustments, alongside pharmacologic options. Although bupropion and buspirone may be considered off-label treatments, flibanserin and bremelanotide are the sole medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration for generalized acquired HSDD in premenopausal women. However, caution is advised due to their limited efficacy, potential adverse effects, and transparency issues in reporting.

Relevance to patient care and clinical practice:

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder, while not life-threatening, significantly impacts well-being and relationships. Pharmacotherapy, including options like flibanserin and bremelanotide, is essential within a multidisciplinary approach. Validated tools and objective measures inform tailored premenopausal HSDD care plans and aid in striking a balance between potential risks and adverse effects while maximizing meaningful clinical benefits, including for transgender individuals.

Conclusions:

Clinicians must discern important distinctions between flibanserin, bremelanotide, and other agents when managing premenopausal HSDD. Further research with the most suitable clinical endpoints and consideration of patient factors are crucial before widespread adoption of flibanserin and bremelanotide. Pharmacists are encouraged to embrace this opportunity to provide premenopausal HSDD care in ambulatory and community practice settings.
Accidental Thinking: A Model of Serendipity’s Cognitive Processes
Authors: Ross Wendy
Published: May 2024

Serendipity captures the interaction between a skilled human agent and a fortuitous event in the environment. Although it features in many stories of invention and discovery, its antecedents remain elusive. This paper combines research from different domains of psychology to present a model of the cognitive processes required for a serendipitous episode to occur. The model describes a prepared mind that consists of an informational state and an attentional state. Both states are considered as dynamic rather than fixed. An accident is then the trigger event that updates both of these and feeds information back into the prepared mind. If the accident is noticed, a cycle of judgement and amplification occurs, eventually leading to an output. The model generates novel predictions that point to an increased understanding of how best to scaffold serendipitous moments.
Numerical and experimental validation of tribological phenomenon in wind turbine brake pads using novel Archard's wear coefficient
Authors: Kalidas Periyaswamy , Ramalingam Vaira Vignesh , Myilsamy Govindaraju , Kasi Rajesh Kannan , Baghad Abd
Published: May 2024

Designing effective mechanical brakes for wind turbines has been hindered by the historical reliance on simplistic criteria such as wear rate and friction coefficient for material selection. In this study, a novel approach to predicting wear rate was proposed, utilizing Archard's wear coefficient and considering factors such as material composition, hardness, sliding distance, and axial load. Furthermore, we developed a numerical model to simulate the tribological behavior of wind turbine brake pads, integrating the novel wear coefficient derived from a hybrid mathematical model with cubic and radial basis functions. This comprehensive approach bridges the gap between experimental data and theoretical insights, offering a robust framework for optimizing brake pad design and performance.
Memory B cell–guided extended interval dosing of ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Meng Delania , Sacco Rosaria , Disanto Giulio , Widmer Fausto , Jacober Sarah Lena Susanna , Gobbi Claudio , Zecca Chiara
Published: May 2024

Background:

Ocrelizumab (OCR) is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting and primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an individualized OCR extended interval dosing (EID), after switching from standard interval dosing (SID).

Methods:

This was a retrospective, observational, single-centre study including MS patients regularly followed at the Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland. After a cumulative OCR dose ⩾1200 mg, stable patients were switched to EID (OCR infusions following CD19+ 27+ memory B cell repopulation).

Results:

A total of 128 patients were included in the study, and 113 (88.3%) were switched to EID with a median interval of 9.9 (8.8–11.8) months between infusions. No clinical relapses occurred; 2 (1.8%) patients experienced disability worsening. Three (2.7%) and 2 (1.8%) patients experienced new T2 brain and spinal lesions, respectively. There was a mild decrease in IgG and IgM concentrations during both SID and EID OCR regimens (β = −0.23, p = 0.001 and β = −0.07, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion:

Switch to personalized dosing of OCR based on CD19+ 27+ memory B cell repopulation led to a great extension of the interval between infusions, with maintained clinical and radiological efficacy. Given the potential advantages in terms of safety and health costs, EID OCR regimens should be further investigated.
Stimulus-related modulation in the 1/f spectral slope suggests an impaired inhibition during a working memory task in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Akbarian Fahimeh , Rossi Chiara , Costers Lars , D’hooghe Marie B , D’haeseleer Miguel , Nagels Guy , Van Schependom Jeroen
Published: May 2024

Background:

An imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in multiple sclerosis (MS) may lead to cognitive impairment, such as impaired working memory. The 1/f slope of electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG) power spectra is shown to be a non-invasive proxy of excitation/inhibition balance. A flatter slope is associated with higher excitation/lower inhibition.

Objectives:

To assess the 1/f slope modulation induced by stimulus and its association with behavioral and cognitive measures.

Methods:

We analyzed MEG recordings of 38 healthy controls (HCs) and 79 people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) while performing an n-back task including target and distractor stimuli. Target trials require an answer, while distractor trials do not. We computed the 1/f spectral slope through the fitting oscillations and one over f (FOOOF) algorithm within the time windows 1 second before and after each stimulus presentation.

Results:

We observed a flatter 1/f slope after distractor stimuli in pwMS compared to HCs. The 1/f slope was significantly steeper after stimulus for both HCs and pwMS and was significantly correlated with reaction times. This modulation in 1/f slope was significantly correlated with visuospatial memory assessed by the BVMT-R test.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest possible inhibitory mechanism deficits in pwMS during a working memory task.
Miscarriage of justice and expert evidence on the credibility of children's testimony: Some issues regarding its use in Chile and Spain
Authors: Beltrán Calfurrapa Ramón
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this article is to examine the expert evidence on the credibility of children's testimony and the potential risks it poses as a source of error in the criminal justice system. To achieve this, under the regulatory prism of Chile and Spain, we will identify the main techniques and procedures commonly used in this type of evidence and we will explain how their high margin of error does not align with the requirements of the presumption of innocence and reasonable doubt. Therefore, due to its questionable status as regards reliability and acceptability, we will conclude that this evidence should only be used as peripheral corroborative support of testimony in qualified cases, aiming to minimise its potential negative impact on the wrongful conviction of innocent individuals.
Object-oriented interviews in qualitative longitudinal research
Authors: Harrison Mia , Rhodes Tim , Lancaster Kari
Published: May 2024

This paper reflects on the use of objects in qualitative interview methods. We consider the use of objects in “single” research events and in longitudinal designs. This leads us to consider how using objects in interviews situates in relation to time. Emphasizing the materiality of objects as well as how objects help to materialize events, experiences, and accounts, we explore what objects do and how we can practically work with objects, especially in qualitative longitudinal research. Objects in interviews do not simply afford representations or elicitations of participant stories, but become dynamic actors that enable interviews to speak materially. Using vignettes from a longitudinal study investigating experiences of COVID-19 in time, we hone our attention towards the temporal affordances of object methods. We conclude with a list of practical suggestions for using objects in qualitative longitudinal research.
The distinctiveness of relational equality
Authors: Cass Devon
Published: May 2024

In recent years, a distinction between two concepts of equality has been much discussed: “distributive” equality involves people having equal amounts of a good such as welfare or resources, and “social” or “relational” equality involves the absence of (certain kinds of) social hierarchy and the presence of (certain kinds of) equal social relations. This contrast is commonly thought to have important implications for our understanding of the relationship between equality and justice. But the nature and significance of the distinction is far from clear. I examine several accounts of this issue and argue none are entirely satisfactory. In turn, I offer an alternative proposal. Relational equality, on my account, involves a concern with each person having an equal “civic status.” I characterize this concern and show it has distinctive and normatively significant positional and temporal aspects.
UAV vision-based crack quantification and visualization of bridges: system design and engineering application
Authors: Zhou Liming , Jiang Yuqiu , Jia Haowen , Zhang Liping , Xu Fei , Tian Yongding , Ma Zhecheng , Liu Xinyu , Guo Shuanglin , Wu Yunpeng , Zhao Zhirong , Zheng Hemin
Published: May 2024

Accurately measuring visible cracks in bridges is crucial for their structural health diagnosis, damage detection, performance evaluation, and maintenance planning. The primary means of visual crack detection still relies heavily on manual visual inspection, an inefficient process that can pose significant safety risks. This article develops a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) vision-based surface crack measurement methodology and visualization scheme for the bridges that can detect and measure cracks automatically with improved efficiency. The surface crack measurement methodology is achieved by designing a three-stage crack sensing system including the You Only Look Once-based crack recognition, U-shaped network-based crack segmentation, and deep-vision-based crack width calculation. This workflow is integrated into a comprehensive UAV inspection system, which is intended for operation at the field. The surface crack visualization scheme is accomplished by taking advantage of time-series image fusion, GPS information migration, and three-dimensional (3D) point cloud technique to reconstruct the 3D geometrical model of the tested bridge, which is convenient for unveiling the crack information in the bridge. The proposed methodology was successfully validated by a case study on an arch bridge. The achievement of this article promotes the UAV vision-based bridge’s surface crack inspection technology to a new status that no preparation for pasting calibration marker is needed, and crack identification, segmentation, and width calculation are realized promptly during the UAV flying on-site, as well as damage evaluation for bridges is visually fulfilled based on the reconstructed digital-graphical 3D model. The working environments and influencing factors to the developed system are sufficiently discussed. Certain limitations in the current application are pointed out for future improvements.
Quality of higher education in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: A review on the progress towards 2030 SDGs
Authors: Fathelrahman Eihab Mohammed , AlBreiki Ghaleb Ali AlHadrami
Published: May 2024

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, including Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, and Bahrain, have significantly progressed in higher education reform programmes. However, challenges remain, such as a lack of uniformity in assessment, different norms for degree recognition, a shortage of regionally relevant research, difficulties in recognizing online programmes, and rising financial costs. These issues may limit the progress of reforms in the region, which is crucial for achieving the SDG 4 targets by 2030. The assessment uses published data and reports from GCC countries and the United Nations Organization to quantify the country’s progress as of 2022. The paper suggests specific actions and initiatives to support progress towards achieving higher education quality SDG 4 by 2030.
Involvement of S100A6/S100A11 in T-Cell Immune Regulatory in HCC Revealed by Single Cell RNA-seq
Authors: Zhou Rui , Pei Bo , Li Xinzhi , Zhang Xianlin
Published: May 2024

Background: Immunotherapy plays a significant role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Members of the S100 protein family (S100s) have been widely implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of tumors. However, the exact mechanism by which S100s contribute to tumor immunity remains unclear. Methods: To explore the role of S100s in HCC immune cells, we collected and comparatively analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of HCC and hepatitis B virus-associated HCC. By mapping cell classification and searching for S100s binding targets and downstream targets. Results: S100A6/S100A11 was differentially expressed in tumor T cells and involved in the nuclear factor (NF) κB pathway. Further investigation of the TCGA dataset revealed that patients with low S100A6/S100A11 expression had a better prognosis. Temporal cell trajectory analysis showed that the activation of the NF-κB pathway is at a critical stage and has an important impact on the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion: Our study revealed that S100A6/S100A11 could be involved in regulating the differentiation and cellular activity of T-cell subpopulations in HCC, and its low expression was positively correlated with prognosis. It may provide a new direction for immunotherapy of HCC and a theoretical basis for future clinical applications.
Single-Center Retrospective Study on the Efficacy of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Detection of Endoleak After Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Nijhawan Akash D. , Pourmoussa Austin J. , Fox Bradley R. , Salazar Samuel A. , Lugo Charles J. , Hasan Muhammad , Benenati James F. , Schiro Brian J.
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Surveillance for endoleak after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair with computed tomography angiography has the associated risks of radiation exposure and nephrotoxic contrast agents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the detection of endoleak post–endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.

Methods:

A single-center retrospective cohort study was performed evaluating patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm treated with endovascular aortic aneurysm repair between October 29, 2017 and April 21, 2021 and follow-up imaging with both computed tomography angiography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The sample included 35 imaging combinations in 28 patients. Positive and negative results for detection of endoleak by contrast-enhanced ultrasound were tabulated as true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative compared to computed tomography angiography and conventional angiography. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound were calculated.

Results:

Out of 35 imaging combinations, endoleak was detected in 24 cases by computed tomography angiography and in 23 cases by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Using computed tomography angiography as the reference standard, contrast-enhanced ultrasound yielded 96% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 92% negative predictive value for endoleak detection. In the 23 cases of endoleak detection by both contrast-enhanced ultrasound and computed tomography angiography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound discerned the correct endoleak type in all 23 cases, while computed tomography angiography identified the correct endoleak type in 20 cases ( P = .2333).

Discussion:

Endoleak detection by contrast-enhanced ultrasound appears at least equivalent to computed tomography angiography. Some of the advantages of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the surveillance of endoleak after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair include an avoidance of radiation, elimination of nephrotoxic contrast agents, reduction in costs, real-time imaging, discerning flow directionality, and visualizing endoleaks in regions previously embolized with coils/plugs/liquid embolic agents. Limitations include operator dependence and variables that obscure the visual field including obese body habitus. With these advantages and excellent comparison data, contrast-enhanced ultrasound should be considered as a first-line imaging modality for long-term surveillance of endoleaks after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.

Conclusion:

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a safe and viable option for long-term surveillance post–endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.
Partial auxetic behavior of 3D mesh fabric under compression
Authors: Huang Jing , Zheng Fei , He Yu , Fu Shaoju , Liu Yanping
Published: May 2024

The 3D mesh fabric is a key component of automotive seat ventilation systems as it has good compression resistance and creates channels to provide effective circulating airflow. The dimensional inconsistency of fabric sheets by laser cutting to be integrated into car seats and their unrecoverable dimension changes in subsequent cushioning applications are challenging problems. A typical commercialized 3D mesh fabric was observed to shorten and widen under compression, showing an auxetic behavior in the length–thickness section. This counterintuitive partial auxetic behavior accounts for the dimensional variation. A full-size finite element (FE) model of the fabric was established to simulate the complex fabric deformation based on the precise geometry of a unit cell obtained by X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanning. The FE simulation reproduced the planar dimension change process of the fabric. The underlying mechanism of partial auxeticity was revealed from the global to local analysis, including fabric global deformation, unit meshes deformation and unit cell geometric structure change. It was shown that buckling of initially post-buckled spacer monofilaments drives in-plane movements of monofilament loops to cause partial auxetic behavior. The partial auxeticity weakens in the compression process due to the gradual intercontact and densification of spacer monofilaments. Different constraints on monofilament loops from adjacent unit cells and multifilament inlays make the deformation uneven in the plane of fabric. It is important to fully analyze the dimensional change, especially the partial auxetic deformation, of the 3D mesh fabric under compression for its practical applications.
A study of the feasibility, ability and acceptability of self-testing of HbA1c before consultation (FLASH) in primary care setting
Authors: Fan Sharon Siew May , Koot David , Chua Boon Ming , Shu Jun Hao , Seah Ai Choo , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Ng Ding Xuan , Koh Yi Ling Eileen , Goh Paul Soo Chye
Published: May 2024

Background: HbA1c test is the most-ordered laboratory test in public primary care clinics, accounting for 17% of laboratory services. In recent years, there has been growing adoption of self-service technology in taking clinical measurements. However, there are currently no on-site self-testing HbA1c facilities. This study assessed patients’ acceptability and ability to perform self-testing of HbA1c levels and the feasibility of implementation in primary care setting. Methods: A total of 30 eligible diabetic patients were recruited in Tampines Polyclinic. Participants were shown a demonstration video before self-testing with a Point-of-Care HbA1c analyzer and completed a questionnaire after self-testing. The usability of the system was assessed using System Usability Scale (SUS). Acceptance and ability were assessed using either a five or six point-Likert Scale for the 7-step procedure. Fisher’s exact test was used to test for association with SUS score. Results: The study population comprises mainly males (60.0%), Chinese (50.0%), had highest qualification of secondary education and beyond (80.0%), with a mean age of 61.4 ± 8.3 years. The mean SUS score was 66.5 ± 13.3 and the average time taken to complete the HbA1c self-testing was 11.8 ± 4.5 min. No significant association was observed between demographics and SUS score. Although 40.0% of participants experienced some difficulty in inserting the cartridge into the analyzer, all were able to understand and follow the video and were willing to perform self-testing in the future. Conclusion: There is high level of acceptance and ability among diabetic patients to adopt HbA1c self-testing. It is feasible for use in primary care.
EU social dialogue revitalisation: Between rhetoric, new rights, political commitments and historical caution
Authors: Rainone Silvia
Published: May 2024

The Council Recommendation on strengthening social dialogue is a positive recognition of the key role of social dialogue in the EU's social market economy. At the same time, episodes of institutional disfavour of the social partners’ co-determination role and resistance to robust sectoral collective bargaining warrant a cautious assessment. This article looks at the current state of EU social dialogue, examining its primary dimensions: the involvement of social partners in policymaking and the scope of collective bargaining. It assesses the Council Recommendation, along with other measures adopted during the Von der Leyen presidency, to ascertain their collective contribution in realigning EU social dialogue with the principles of the EU Treaties. Overall, the analysis reveals a nuanced picture, with both positive and challenging aspects. While collective bargaining has been given a new (albeit partial) boost, the same cannot be said for the social partners’ participation in EU policymaking. Notably, the Council Recommendation reaffirmed the Court of Justice's decision in the EPSU case, solidifying the Commission's discretionary authority to decide on the legislative implementation of framework agreements, to the detriment of the social partners’ regulatory agency. Finally, the article proposes a blueprint for further advancing the EU's aspiration for social dialogue, seeking to reconciling it with the social objectives that, constitutionally, the Union aspires to achieve.
Risk factors associated with severe perineal tear at Public Hospitals in Bahir Dar town, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Addisu Dagne , Fentahun Betelihem
Published: May 2024

Background:

Birth-related perineal trauma is a public health issue that can lead to significant maternal morbidity in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Research on the proportion and underlying factors of birth-related severe perineal tears is rare, both in the study area and throughout Ethiopia. As a result, this study was intended to determine the proportion of birth-related severe perineal tears and associated factors at hospitals in Bahir Dar town, Ethiopia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was undertaken at government hospitals in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Five hundred fifteen study subjects were selected using a systematic sampling technique. The data was collected through chart reviews and interviews. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 23. A binary logistic regression was employed to identify factors, and an adjusted odds ratio and a 95% CI were used to estimate the strength of relationships. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.

Result:

The prevalence of severe perineal tears was 7.4%. Previous history of a perineal tear (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.24–7.59), being nullipara (AOR = 4.03, 95% CI = 1.42–11.44), occipito-posterior position (AOR = 5.49, 95% CI = 2.27–13.28), duration of second stage of labor > 2 h (AOR = 5.42, 95% CI = 2.26–12.99), birth attendant’s work experience <1 year (AOR = 5.98, 95% CI = 2.16–16.57) were found to be associated with birth-related severe perineal tear.

Conclusion:

The proportion of birth-related severe perineal tears was high at governmental hospitals in Bahir Dar town. Previous history of perineal tear, work experience of birth attendants, duration of the second stage of labor, being nullipara, and occipito-posterior position were the major determinants of severe perineal tear. This study suggests that strategies and regulations should be developed to shorten the second stage of labor.
Understanding citizens’ attitudes within user-centered digital health ecosystems: A sequential mixed method methodology including a web-survey
Authors: Huettemann Robin , Sevov Benedict , Meister Sven , Fehring Leonard
Published: May 2024

Objective

Transitioning from digital health applications to digital health ecosystems, leveraging the advances in technologies and informatics, could be the next revolution in digital health. This includes offering centralized access to various health services and improving citizens’ well-being, delivery, clinical processes, and data management. However, a limited understanding of citizens may impede adaptation. Therefore, this study investigates citizens’ attitudes within digital health ecosystems, differentiated by their characteristics, to support health service-providers and governmental policymakers in establishing user-centered solutions.

Methods

This study follows a three-step sequential mixed method methodology: (1) a literature review. (2) Qualitative thematic analyses based on semi-structured qualitative interviews. (3) Quantitative analyses based on a web-survey (descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variances, Tukey-honestly, and Cohen's d tests).

Results

N = 15 citizens were interviewed and n = 1289 responded to the web-survey, to our knowledge the largest survey on this topic. Citizens desire a more convenient management of health services and data (M = 5.2, SD = 1.59). Services with peer-to-peer interactions (M = 3.7, SD = 1.81) and lower involvement of health professionals (M = 3.8, SD = 1.75) are less demanded. Data protection is critical (M = 6.2, SD = 1.23). Public payers are mandated as orchestrators (M = 4.3, SD = 1.99), while private companies receive lower acceptance (M = 3.0, SD = 1.42).

Conclusions

Health service-providers could follow a three-staged approach to establish digital health ecosystems: (1) Increasing the convenience for citizens by enabling online management of health services and data. (2) Extending the citizen–healthcare provider partnership through online interactions. (3) Fostering preventative behaviors and quicker recovery by personalizing health services and interactions. Governmental policymakers should integrate an electronic health record.
The Russia–Ukraine War in Chinese Social Media: LLM Analysis Yields a Bias Toward Neutrality
Authors: Rogers Richard , Zhang Xiaoke
Published: May 2024

This study is a cross-platform analysis of the discourses surrounding the Russia–Ukraine war in Chinese social media. Making use of both manual as well as automated classification of discussion about the war, we found most significantly the mass amplification of Russian state positions on Weibo and the reframing of the war as being in the Chinese national self-interest on Douyin. We situate what we call cross-national amplification as well as the national self among other notions that seek to capture the broad discursive power of the Chinese state including digital nationalism, soft propaganda, and playful patriotism. A second set of findings include some agreement between the manual and automated classification, albeit with the artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted platforms showing what we call a bias toward neutrality. We also emphasize the importance of a cross-platform analysis (rather than a single-platform analysis) when seeking to capture public sentiment on social media and the types of orchestrated, state discursive power on display.
Comparison of Levosimendan Versus Milrinone After the Arterial Switch Operation for Infants ≤3 kg
Authors: Joshi Reena Khantwal , Joshi Raja , Aggarwal Neeraj , Agarwal Mridul , Siddartha C. Rudrappa , Relan Jay , Kumar Anil , Modi Manoj , Chug Parul
Published: May 2024

Background: Various inotropes and inodilators have been utilized to treat low cardiac output syndrome after the arterial switch operation. The use of levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer has been limited in this setting. This study compares the effects of levosimendan with milrinone in managing low cardiac output after the arterial switch operation. Methods: A retrospective, comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital on patients weighing up to 3 kg undergoing the arterial switch operation between January 2017 and January 2022. Patients received a loading dose followed by continuous infusion of either levosimendan or milrinone. Echocardiographic, hemodynamic and biochemical parameters were compared. Results: Forty-three patients received levosimendan and 42 patients received milrinone as the primary test drug. Cardiac index of less than 2.2 L/min/m2 on postoperative day 1 and 2 was found in 9.3% and 2.3% of patients receiving levosimendan versus 26.2% and 11.9% in those receiving milrinone, respectively ( P = .04 and .08, respectively). Early lactate-clearance and better central venous oxygen saturations were noted in the levosimendan group. Prevalence of acute kidney injury was higher in the milrinone group (50% vs 28%; P = .03). Use of peritoneal dialysis in the milrinone group versus levosimendan was 31% and 16.3%, respectively ( P = .11). There was no difference in hospital mortality between the groups (milrinone, 3; levosimendan, 2, P = .62). Conclusions: Levosimendan is safe and as effective as milrinone to treat low cardiac output syndrome occurring in neonates after the arterial switch operation. In addition we found that levosimendan was renal protective when compared with milrinone.
The Influencers’ Attributes and Customer Purchase Intention: The Mediating Role of Customer Attitude Toward Brand
Authors: Zhao Xin , Xu Zhiyan , Ding Fei , Li Zichang
Published: May 2024

The main purpose of this study is to discuss whether online influencers can improve customer brand attitude and thus increase purchase intention as both of them are important performance indicators in a live show. Drawing on the persuasion theory, the authors aim to investigate the impacts of influencers’ attributes (professionalism, credibility, interactivity and attractiveness) on customers purchase intention from the perspective of attitude toward brand. Data were collected from 233 customers in China where the influencer centered livestreaming e-commerce is enjoying rapid growth. The hypotheses were tested via structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that the influencers’ credibility and attractiveness increase purchase intention directly. Further, customer brand attitude plays a mediating role in the relationship between the influencers’ attributes (attractiveness, credibility, and interactivity) and purchase intention. While, the professionalism improves neither favorable customer brand attitude nor purchase intention. The findings provide theoretical implications for scholars to rethink the role of internet influencers in influencing customer purchase intention.
Tax Incentives, R&D Investment, and Employment Absorption: Evidence from Chinese Technology-Based SMEs
Authors: Mao Yanhua
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the mechanisms of tax incentives and R&D investments on employment absorption, constructs a panel data model with a sample of 4,255 Chinese technology-based SMEs, and adopts a random effect model for empirical evidence after various tests. The research results show that tax incentives and R&D investments of technology-based SMEs positively affect their employment absorption. The positive effect not only exists in the current period but also remains valid in the next period. R&D investment, operating profit margin, and remuneration have more significant positive impacts on employment absorption, while we should pay attention to control and reduce overhead costs. Finally, this paper gives corresponding suggestions and countermeasures from three levels: government, enterprises, and society.
Changes in the Socioeconomic Pattern of Smoking Among Male Adults in Thailand from 2001 to 2021
Authors: Sa Rula , Paek Seung Chun
Published: May 2024

The smoking rate in Thailand has been steadily decreasing for decades alongside the government’s tobacco control policies. However, evidence of whether the decrease to date has occurred equally across all population groups is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the changes in the socioeconomic patterns of smoking among male adults in Thailand from 2001 to 2021. This study employed a pooled cross-sectional design with 296,011 male adults aged 15 years or older from the Health and Welfare Survey 2001 ( n = 74,003), 2003 ( n = 14,940), 2006 ( n = 25,088), 2009 ( n = 26,370), 2013 ( n = 26,919), 2015 ( n = 52,904), and 2021 ( n = 75,787). Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were used. The results indicated that the smoking rate decreased by approximately 25% from 46.81% in 2001 to 35.01% in 2021. This decrease was significantly greater in high- and low-level socioeconomic groups than in mid-level groups. Specifically, high- and low-income, high- and low-educated, older, married and divorced, employed, and urban and rural people exhibited larger decreases in smoking rates than middle-income, middle-educated, middle-aged and younger, single, unemployed, and Bangkok metropolitan people, respectively. Additionally, the smoking rates of low-income groups decreased as cigarette retail prices increased, whereas those of high-income groups decreased regardless of tobacco control policies. The government’s price policy and health awareness may have significantly influenced the decrease in smoking rates of the low- and high-level socioeconomic groups, respectively. Therefore, the government should continue its price policy and public relations practices to further decrease smoking rates.
Social Boundaries and Stigmatization in a Border Territory: Experiences of Peruvian and Bolivian Students in the Northernmost Region of Chile
Authors: Alvarado-Urbina Andrea , Mondaca-Rojas Carlos , Bustos-González Raúl , Sánchez-González Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

By paying attention to what Peruvian and Bolivian students in schools say about how they are seen and treated by their native-born peers, this article aims to analyze the ways in which symbolic boundaries are produced, eventually giving way to social boundaries between natives and migrants. The methodology is based on in-depth interviews with students, parents, and educators of rural and urban schools in the region of Arica y Parinacota, the northernmost region of Chile, by the borders with Peru and Bolivia. We conclude that the production of symbolic boundaries among students emerges as discourses about nationality, skin color, ethnicity, and history. Peruvian and Bolivian migrant students describe being teased by their native-born peers because of their country of origin, for being darker-skinned, for being Aymara, and for having lost the War of the Pacific (and, in the case of Bolivians, for having lost access to the coastline). Some migrant students perceive these discourses as discrimination and consider them harmful; however, many others accept them as normal school stuff—as long as there is no physical violence. Moreover, teachers and parents do not see these interactions as problematic. The article concludes that the normalization of stigmatizing and discriminatory dynamics against migrant students complicates their inclusion in Chilean schools.
Exploring the Complexities of Professional Identity Formation Among English Teachers at a Korean University
Authors: Zhang Ye , Kim Jungyin
Published: May 2024

This study explored the perceptions of professional identity among three English teachers from diverse academic disciplines at a Korean university. The teacher participants were chosen based on their diverse sociocultural and academic backgrounds that created a small yet diverse sample of cases. Furthermore, each of them possessed a minimum of 10 years of teaching experience. This extensive experience enabled them to engage in profound reflections regarding the development of their professional identities through the lens of these experiences. Taking a poststructuralist approach, we utilized semi-structured interviews, class observations, and course-related documents to delve into the professional identity formation process and the factors influencing their identity formation. Our findings underscore that professional identity construction is an intricate process, shaped by sociocultural and institutional dynamics. Specifically, two dominant factors emerged: the implications of “native speakerism” and the distinctions between tenure and non-tenure academic tracks. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of professional identity complexities among English instructors in Korean higher education institutions.
Leadership Development for Contemporary Post-Secondary Academic Leaders: Challenges, Content and Approach
Authors: Maduforo Aloysius Nwabugo , Scott Shelleyann , Scott Donald
Published: May 2024

In the dynamic landscape of contemporary higher education, the demand for leaders well-versed in the intricacies of its challenges has become paramount. Despite the availability of leadership fellowships and retreats globally, there is a notable dearth of institution-specific leadership development programs tailored for post-secondary education leaders. This deficiency leaves a substantial number of higher education leaders ill-equipped with the fundamental competencies needed for effective leadership. This review underscores the pressing necessity to establish institution-based leadership development initiatives explicitly crafted for academic leaders and faculty members. The exploration encompasses diverse platforms and methodologies for delivering such programs, drawing insights from empirical studies that underscore the advantages of leadership development. Also, the review discusses the content of leadership development curricula. Focusing on academic leaders and faculty, these curricula cover competencies such as strategic planning, interpersonal communication, talent management, and adaptive leadership. The outcomes underscore the significance of institutions integrating leadership development efforts within their academic domains. The discussion delves into the manifold benefits of instituting leadership development programs, not only as a cost-effective alternative to external fellowship courses but as a strategic move with multifaceted advantages. These advantages encompass streamlining competitive succession planning, magnetizing and retaining talent, cultivating expansive networking opportunities, and augmenting the capacity to confront contemporary challenges in higher education. By prioritizing the nurturing of academic leaders, institutions can effectively bridge the gap between current leadership skills and the evolving demands of the higher education landscape.