bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A relationship study of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection, blood groups, and some related factors in Iraqi patients
Authors: Zyara Alyaa M. , Aldoori Atheer Abdulrazzaq , Samawi Farah Thamer , Kadhim Shaymaa Ismael , Ali Zainab Anwar
Published: August 2023

Many studies of the relationship between COVID-19 and different factors have been conducted since the beginning of the corona pandemic. The relationship between COVID-19 and different biomarkers including ABO blood groups, D-dimer, Ferritin and CRP, was examined. Six hundred (600) patients, were included in this trial among them, 324 (56%) females and the rest 276 (46%) were males. The frequencies of blood types A, B, AB, and O were 25.33, 38.00, 31.33, and 5.33%, respectively, in the case group. Association analysis between the ABO blood group and D-dimer, Ferritin and CRP of COVID-19 patients indicated that there was a statistically significant difference for Ferritin (P≤0.01), but no-significant differences for both D-dimer and CRP. biomarkers. Regarding the age association between COVID-19 patients and biomarkers, D-dimer and Ferritin levels showed a significant difference (P≤0.01), (P≤0.05) in sequence, between ages. Meanwhile CRP level was non-significant. Considering the gender effect on biomarkers on COVID-19 patients, D-dimer and Ferritin males were significant (P≤0.05), (P≤0.01) in sequence from females. But no-significant effect of CRP level. Our results proved that age is an important factor in the COVID-19 infection’s development. The evidence of the association between ABO blood group, D-dimer, CRP and Ferritin with COVID-19 severity, progression and susceptibility, is important and requires more investigation.
Failure Analysis and Countermeasures for Cement Sheath Interface Sealing Integrity in Shale Gas Wells
Authors: Li Jin , Liu Jian , Li Zaoyuan , Liu Yang , Yu Caijun , Song Weitao , Wu Xuning , Yang Fujie , Su Donghua
Published: August 2023

Shale gas development usually uses large displacement horizontal well and staged fracturing technology to increase operation production. The complex environmental and construction conditions often lead to wellbore sealing integrity problems in the shale gas production process. This study shows a new method for evaluating the sealing integrity of shale gas cement sheath interfaces, which aims to understand the failure mechanism during shale gas production and to propose countermeasures that can effectively improve the sealing integrity of cement sheath interfaces in shale gas cementing. The study results showed that the oil contamination of cement sheath interface will greatly weaken its sealing performance. After repeated cyclic loading, the sealing performance of the conventional and expanded cement sheath assemblies is damaged, and a gas channel is formed, which is caused by the combination of microcracks and microgaps. Furthermore, oil contamination of the cement sheath interface will accelerate its sealing failure. The addition of an expansion agent is helpful to solve the problem of microgap destruction, and the fibers or whiskers can alleviate the problem of tensile cracking. The field application in the three wells proved that the toughened expanded cement slurry significantly improved the sealing integrity of the cement sheath interface in shale gas wells. The research results can evaluate and predict the sealing performance of the cement sheath interface in shale gas wells under the conditions of staged fracturing and have some directional significance for the cement slurry system optimization in the field.
Filaggrin insufficiency renders keratinocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles capable of affecting CD1a-mediated T cell responses and promoting allergic inflammation
Authors: Kobiela Adrian , Hewelt-Belka Weronika , Frąckowiak Joanna E , Kordulewska Natalia , Hovhannisyan Lilit , Bogucka Aleksandra , Etherington Rachel , Piróg Artur , Dapic Irena , Gabrielsson Susanne , Brown Sara J , Ogg Graham S , Gutowska-Owsiak Danuta
Published: August 2023

The promoting effect ofFLGloss-of-function mutations on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) signifies the role of filaggrin in the formation of a protective skin barrier;FLGmutations are also linked to asthma, food allergy and allergic rhinitis despite the absence of the protein in the affected tissues (lungs, intestines, and the majority of the nasal mucosa). AD patients suffer from chronic inflammation and recurrent skin infections; inflammation often precedes the appearance of spatially distant allergic manifestations. Here we show that exosome-enriched small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by filaggrin-knockdown keratinocytes are extensively remodelled as a consequence of the abnormal keratinocyte differentiation process. This alteration modulates the sEV capacity to promote type 1 and type 2 CD1a-dependent T cell responses by direct effects on self-lipid neoantigen generation; both modulating the amount of permissive (stimulatory) and non-permissive (inhibitory) CD1a ligands released from the sEV membranes by phospholipase A2. We found that this aberrant sEV lipid composition reflects a generalised cellular lipid synthesis bias with downregulation of enzymes of ACSL, ELOVL and FADS families, observed both in filaggrin insufficient cells and in the skin of AD patients. Provision of modulatory ligands by sEVs secreted on a filaggrin insufficiency background, impeding both homeostatic autoreactive and protective antimicrobial CD1a-mediated type 1 and enhancing type 2 T cell responses provides basis for reduced tissue integrity and pathogen clearance and perpetuates inflammation in AD skin.
Energy-use strategies on a degraded coral reef: insights from remote underwater stereo-video and AI-driven 3D tracking
Authors: Lilkendey Julian , Zhang Jingjing , Barrelet Cyril , Meares Michael , Larbi Houssam , Subsol Gérard , Chaumont Marc , Sabetian Armagan
Published: August 2023

Unveiling the intricate relationships between animal movement ecology, feeding behaviour, and internal energy budgeting is essential for a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning. Particularly in degraded habitats like coral reefs, which are under significant anthropogenic stress, these interactions are crucial yet largely unexplored. Employing advanced methods such as underwater stereo-video measurements, AI-driven object recognition, and 3D tracking, our study focuses on the feeding preferences, bite rates, inter-bite distances, and foraging energy expenditure (EE) of two dominant reef grazers, the Brown surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigrofuscus) and the Yellowtail tang (Zebrasoma xanthurum).
Our findings reveal significant variations in functional feeding traits and EE, showcasing how metabolic traits shape individual and community foraging behaviours in degraded habitats. On a microhabitat scale, A. nigrofuscusadopted a specialized feeding strategy with higher energy demands, while Z. xanthurum exhibited a more generalist approach, covering larger distances between food patches but with lower EE. These divergent energy-use strategies indicate key metabolic adaptations, allowing both species to co-exist and maintain high feeding pressures in this degraded ecosystem.
The study underscores the transformative potential of technologies like stereo-video and AI-generated 3D tracking in elucidating functional ecology and energy dynamics. Our insights not only contribute to targeted restoration interventions but also accentuate the pivotal role of metabolic traits as possible indicators for community responses to environmental changes. This understanding is crucial in formulating effective conservation strategies for ecosystems globally that are impacted by human disturbances and climate change.
Sex and fetal genome influence gene expression in pig endometrium at the end of gestation
Authors: Bonnet Agnes , Bluy Lisa , Gress Laure , Canario Laurianne , Ravon Laure , Sécula Aurelie , Billon Yvon , Liaubet Laurence
Published: August 2023

Background A fine balance of feto-maternal resource allocation is required to support pregnancy, which depends on interactions between maternal and fetal genetic potential, maternal nutrition and environment, endometrial and placental functions. In particular, some imprinted genes have a role in regulating the exchange of nutrients between the mother and the fetus. Results In this study, we investigated the influence of the fetal genome and sex on the expression of 42 genes, including imprinted genes, at the maternal interface (endometrium) during late gestation. Pure and reciprocal crossed fetuses were produced using two extreme breeds for fetal maturity and piglet survival: Large White (LW) and Meishan (MS). Hence, in the same uterus, endometrial samples were associated with its purebred or crossbred fetuses. We first described a change in gene expression in the endometrium during late gestation (14 differentially expressed genes (DEGs)) and between the two extreme breeds (9 DEGs). The change in expression of 11 genes in LW during late gestation compared to two genes in MS suggests a delay in endometrial processes in LW. The analyses highlighted breed differences in the regulation of endometrial angiogenesis, in nutrient transport and energy metabolism. Correlation networks linked endometrial gene expression with fetal biometrics at D90 and placental measures at D110. We pointed out for the first time the impact of fetal sex and genome on endometrial expression at 90 days of gestation, emphasingAMPD3,CITED1andH19genes. We have demonstrated that fetal sex affects the expression of five imprinted genes in LW endometrium. Fetal genome influenced the expression of four genes in LW endometrium but not in MS endometrium. Intriguingly, both fetal sex and fetal genome interact to influence endometrial gene expression. Conclusions These data give new evidence for sexual dimorphism in the pregnant endometrium and provide evidence for the contribution of the fetal genome to feto-maternal interactions at the end of gestation. They suggest that the paternal genome may contribute significantly to piglet survival, especially in crossbreeding production systems. They once again demonstrated the plasticity of the endometrium and the importance of deciphering the dialogue between the placenta and the endometrium.
Current species of oomycetes associated with foot rot disease of black pepper in Vietnam
Authors: Thao Le Dinh , Khanh Tran Ngoc , Liem Nguyen Van , Hien Le Thu , Thanh Ha Minh , Binh Vu Thi Phuong , Trang Thieu Thi Thu , Anh Pham Thi , Chung Nguyen Van , Hien Pham Hong , Long Nguyen Van , Duy Nguyen Quang , Lesueur Didier , Herrmann Laetitia , Brau Lambert
Published: August 2023

Foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is one of the most destructive diseases of black pepper in Vietnam and worldwide. However, many other oomycete species have also been recorded on this plant, and P. tropicalis and Pythium deliense were recently reported as serious threats to black pepper in India. On the other hand, the population of oomycetes occurring in black pepper plantations in Vietnam and their pathogenicity have not been investigated in the last decade. To this end, two hundred fifteen oomycete isolates were collected from the root rots and rhizospheric soil of black pepper in the Central Highlands andthe Southeast region of Vietnam. Of these, 23 isolates were representatively chosen based on their origin and morphology for DNA sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, then 11 isolates were further selected for the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1- α) and the beta-tubulin (TUB) gene analyses. Morphology and molecular analysesindicated that P. capsici, P. tropicalis, P. nicotianae, P. cinnamomi, P. parvispora, P. heveae, Phytopythium vexans, and a novel species of Phytopythium were clearly identified among oomycete isolates. Of these, P. capsiciand P. tropicalis could be the prevalent species in black pepper plantations in studied areas. The inoculation tests demonstrated that all the isolates of P. capsici, P. tropicalis and P. nicotianae were pathogenic on both leaves and roots of black pepper. Phytopythium vexans was pathogenic on root only. Meanwhile, P. cinnamomi, P. parvispora, P. heveae and Phytopythiumsp. were non-pathogenic.
Developing a National UGME Pain Management and Substance Use Disorder Curriculum to Address the Opioid Crisis: A Program Evaluation Pilot Study
Authors: Dalgarno Nancy , Turnnidge Jennifer , Cofie Nicholas , Wylick Richard van , Mulder Jeanne , Kirby Fran , Hastings-Truelove Amber , Graves Lisa
Published: August 2023

Background
Pain is one of the most common reasons for adults to seek health care, yet educational program focused on pain are often underrepresented in medical school curricula. In January 2021, the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada (AFMC) launched an online national, bilingual, competency-based curriculum for undergraduate medical (UGME) students in pain management and substance use in response to the opioid crisis to bridge the content gaps in programs across Canada. The purpose of this study is to evaluation the pilot of this national curriculum.
Methods
Undergraduate medical education students (n = 168) from across Canada participated in the program evaluation of a pilot which ran from September to November 2020. Participants completed online pre- and post-program surveys that assessed the influence of the curriculum on participants’ knowledge as well as the value, usability, and feasibility of this curriculum.
Results
Participants’ perceived confidence their new knowledge and in utilizing resources required to maintain their knowledge significantly increased (75% and 51% respectively). Their perceived knowledge that addressed the 72 learning objectives within the curriculum significantly increased from pre- to post-program. Over 90% of participants reported that the was valuable, feasible, and usable. The most frequently discussed program strengths were the clear and comprehensive content, interactive and well-organized design, and relevance of curriculum content for future clinical practice. The overall weakness of the curriculum included the length, repetition of content, the lack of clarity and relevance of the assessment questions, end-user technology issues, and French translation discrepancies. Participant’s recommendations for improving the curriculum included streamlining content, addressing technology issues, and enhancing the clarity and relevance of assessment questions embedded within each of the modules.
Conclusion
Participants agreed that an online pain management and substance use curriculum is a valuable, usable, and feasible learning opportunity. Given the severity of the opioid crisis in Canada, these online modules provide a curriculum that can be integrated into existing UGME programs or can provide self-directed learning.
FcRn regulates antigen presentation downstream of dendritic cell receptor-targeted vaccination.
Authors: Mintern Justine , Macri Christophe , Paxman Matthew , Jenika Devi , Lin Xiao Peng , Gleeson Paul , Caminschi Irina , Lahoud Mireille , Villadangos Jose A
Published: August 2023

Dendritic cell (DC)-targeted vaccination is a new model of antigen delivery that relies on the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to target antigen to specific DC subsets. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a non-classical Fc receptor that binds to immunoglobulins G (IgG) in acidified endosomes and controls their intracellular transport and recycling. FcRn is known to participate in the antigen presentation of immune complexes, however its contribution to the presentation of DC-targeted vaccination has not previously been examined. Here we have investigated the role of FcRn in antigen presentation using antigen conjugated to IgG mAb which target specific DC receptors, including DEC205 and Clec9A specific for the conventional DC 1 (cDC1) subset. We show that FcRn is expressed at high levels by cDC1, both at steady-state and following activation and plays a significant role in MHC I cross-presentation and MHC II presentation of antigens that are targeted to cDC1 via mAb specific for DEC205. This effect of FcRn is intrinsic to cDC1 and it impacts the efficacy of anti-DEC205-mediated vaccination against lymphoma. In contrast, FcRn does not impact the presentation of antigens targeted to Clec9A and does not regulate the presentation of cell-associated antigen These data highlight a new and unique role of FcRn in controlling the immunogenicity of anti-DEC205-based vaccination, with consequences for exploiting this pathway to improve DC-targeted vaccine outcomes.
Detection and Complete Genome Sequence analysis of Human Adenovirus in Children with Acute Diarrhea in Yunnan, China, 2015–2021
Authors: CAO Yihui , Yang Jinghui , Jiang Lili , Li Nan , Zhang Rui-xian , Zhou Xiaofang , Cun Jian-ping , Qiao En-fa
Published: August 2023

Aims: This study aimed to determine the distribution and prevalence of gastroenteritis with HAdV in children in Yunnan province, China, 2015-2021, and also contribute for adopting preventive measures to reduce morbidity and mortality in children.
Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is considered as a significant enteropathogen associated with diarrhea in children. However, limited data are available regarding the epidemiology and genetic diversity of HAdV in children with diarrhea in Yunnan province, China.
Methods: A total of 1754 fecal samples were subjected to Real-time RT-PCR to detect HAdV, the positive samples underwent further Next-generation sequencing, and epidemiological data were analyzed as well.
Results: 1754 patients with diarrhea were enrolled, among them1041 were male and 713 were female, The M:F rate was1.46. Overall, 72/1754 stool samples (4.10%) were positive for HAdV. The detection rates of all age groups varied from 2.50% to 4.78%. From 2015-2021, the annual detection rate was between 1.62% and12.26%. The frequency of HAdV was the highest in the age group >1to≤2 years, HAdV infection occurred all year around, The highest HAdV detecting rate was 15.69%(16/102) in June, Followed by November 8.19%(14/171). Of the 72 HAdV-positive samples, 13 HAdV strains whole genome were successfully sequenced, 76.92%(10/13) were classified as HAdV-F41, and 23.08% (3/13) were classified as HAdV-C2. HAdV-F41 was the predominant HAdV genotype in children with acute diarrhea.
Conclusions: Children at all ages are susceptible to HAdV. Marked variation in yearly prevalence has been demonstrated. However, the information we collected are too limited to elucidate their epidemiological role as there are no systematic surveillance and clinical studies on HAdVs in Yunnan. the true epidemiology of HAdV remains incompletely understood. In order to fully understand the prevalence of HAdV, it is imperative to establish a HAdV virological surveillance system to collect relevant clinical, epidemiological data as soon as possible to assess the potential risk of HAdV among children. and develop effective vaccines at preventing HAdV diarrhea is warranted.
Quantitative evaluation of organic matter pores in over-mature marine shales: A case study of the Niutitang shales in Northern Guizhou, South China
Authors: Ning Shitan , Xia Peng , Zou Niuniu , Wang Ke , Zhong Yi , Zhou Fei
Published: August 2023

Organic matter (OM) pores are considered the most important pore type in shale reservoirs because they provide both the material required for hydrocarbon generation and space for shale gas preservation. However, the OM type and the development of OM pores in over-mature marine shales remain controversial. In this study, the pore characteristics of shale and kerogen from the Niutitang organic-rich shales were compared by applying organic petrology, geochemistry, gas adsorption, and mathematical computation methods. The results indicate that pores are more developed in filled OM and mutually wrapped OM. Banded OM generally does not have any pores. The pores of massive OM are not uniformly developed. The relative adsorption capacity, adsorption pore volume and adsorption pore surface area of the OM are higher than in the black shales. The pore structure developed by the black shales is more complex than that of the OM based on the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) fractal theory. By combining the N2 and CO2 adsorption data, the contribution rate of the OM pores to pore volume (CRV) and the contribution rate of the OM pores surface area (CRA) formulas were established. The values of the CRV range between 40.87% and 59.39%, while the values of CRA vary between 30.44% and 43.33%, indicating that OM pores are an important part of the shale system. The factors affecting the pore development in the OM and the black shales are total organic carbon (TOC), thermal maturity (Ro), OM types and lithofacies.
Parameterized complexity of reconfiguration of atoms
Authors: Cooper Alexandre , Maaz Stephanie , Mouawad Amer E. , Nishimura Naomi
Published: August 2023

Our work is motivated by the challenges presented in preparing arrays of atoms for use in quantum simulation. The recently-developed process of loading atoms into traps results in approximately half of the traps being filled. To consolidate the atoms so that they form a dense and regular arrangement, such as all locations in a grid, atoms are rearranged using moving optical tweezers. Time is of the essence, as the longer that the process takes and the more that atoms are moved, the higher the chance that atoms will be lost in the process.Viewed as a problem on graphs, we wish to solve the problem of reconfiguring one arrangement of tokens (representing atoms) to another using as few moves as possible. Because the problem is \textsf{NP}-complete on general graphs as well as on grids, we focus on the parameterized complexity for various parameters, considering both undirected and directed graphs, and tokens with and without labels. For unlabelled tokens, the problem is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the number of tokens, the number of moves, or the number of moves plus the number of vertices without tokens in either the source or target configuration, but intractable when parameterized by the difference between the number of moves and the number of differences in the placement of tokens in the source and target configurations. When labels are added to tokens, however, most of the tractability results are replaced by hardness results.
Prehospital time intervals in stroke care before and after the outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Hänninen Peetu , Hällberg Ville , Hakala Lasse , Koivistoinen Teemu , Palomäki Ari
Published: August 2023

Background
A prehospital emergency medical system is essential in order to provide rapid treatment for stroke patients. After the outbreak of COVID-19, precautions and safety measures were introduced to limit the number of infections. This study analyzed the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the stroke care process in prehospital care.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emergency medical care of patients transported to the Kanta-Häme Central Hospital because of suspected stroke. We collected prehospital data on the emergency medical services’ time intervals of suspected stroke patients, including on-scene time and total time. Emergency medical services’ time intervals of transported suspected stroke patients 24 months before and 24 months after the outbreak of COVID-19 were compared.
Results
During the study period, emergency medical services transported altogether 1,226 patients with suspected stroke to the Kanta-Häme Central Hospital emergency department, 552 before and 674 after the COVID-19 outbreak. The median on-scene time of these patients was 15.38 minutes before and 15.18 minutes after the outbreak (p = 0.93). The median total emergency medical services time had remained stable between the groups, 49.59 minutes vs. 49.86 minutes (p = 0.80) respectively.
Conclusions
The number of suspected stroke patients increased by 22.9% after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the pandemic outbreak did not lengthen the pre-hospitalisation intervals for suspected stroke patients. These results allow us to assume that once the prehospital process of suspected stroke patients has been thoroughly reorganized, not even a serious epidemic will impair the function of emergency medical services.
Dactylopius opuntiae of cactus pear in Morocco: contact and fumigant insecticidal activities of four essential oils and hydrosols and their chemical composition
Authors: Mahdad Iâtidal , Elyadini Meryem , Bourais Ilhame , Damour Houda , Achbani El Hassan , Hajjaji Souad El
Published: August 2023

Morocco's prickly pear has high economic value. However, it’s infected by the cochineal Dactylopius opuntiae, causing massive losses. Thus, the present work aims to study insecticidal effect of bioactive natural extracts. Essential oils and hydrosols of oregano (Origanum vulgare), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) were tested. Two concentrations were used for essential oils (1.5% and 3%) and for hydrosols (100% and 75%) with contact and fumigant application. Mortality rate was determined after 24h of treatment. Highest values were recorded at 3% E.O concentration with contact assay comparing to fumigation. As it’s EO (99.44%), O. vulgare hydrosol has significant insecticidal activity reaching 80% of mortality rate. Chemical composition of essential oils using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was studied. Bioactive compounds include carvacrol and m-cymene (O. vulgare and T. vulgaris), pulegone and l-menthone (M. pulegium) and Linalool and linalyl acetate (M. piperita). Data obtained relieved the importance of these plants as source of natural bioactive compounds against D. opuntiae.
The Ebbs and Flows of Empathy: a qualitative study of surgical trainees in the UK
Authors: Yannamani Pranathi , Gale Nicola Kay
Published: August 2023

Background
Empathy is widely recognised as an important element of medical practice contributing to patient outcomes and satisfaction. However, there is evidence to suggest that empathy declines over time, particularly in surgical specialities. There is little qualitative research on this decline in surgical trainees, particularly in the UK, so the aim of this study was to explore how trainee surgeons experience empathy over time in their practice and how they perceive it in others.
Methods
10 semi-structured interviews were carried out with surgical trainees of different grades and specialties in January and February 2022. Framework analysis was used to interpret the data.
Results
Participants experienced an evolution in empathy over time as their personal and professional experience was added to. They drew a distinction between desensitisation and actual decline in empathy and identified more with experiencing the former in their careers. Participants also felt interprofessional relationships require empathy, and this could be improved upon. Finally, they highlighted specific impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic upon their training, including reduced theatre time.
Conclusions
Participants felt training could be improved up in regard to accessing training opportunities and relationships with colleagues, although many felt empathy between colleagues is better than it has been in the past. Findings indicate that policy reform for standardisation of training with stakeholder consultation may be beneficial in improving training and relationships between colleagues.
Research on WSN Reliable Ranging and Positioning Algorithm for Forest Environment
Authors: Wu Peng , Yu Le , Yi Xiaomei , Xu Liang , Liu LiJuan , Yi YuTong , Jiang Tengteng , Tao Chunling
Published: August 2023

Wireless sensor network (WSN) location is a significant research area. In complex environments like forests, inaccurate signal intensity ranging is a major challenge. To address this issue, this paper presents a reliable WSN distance measurement-positioning algorithm for forest environments. The algorithm divides the positioning area into several sub-regions based on the discrete coefficient of the collected signal strength. Then, using the fitting method based on the signal intensity value of each sub-region, the algorithm derives the reference points of the logarithmic distance path loss model and path loss index. Finally, the algorithm locates target nodes using anchor nodes in different regions. Additionally, to enhance the positioning accuracy, weight values are assigned to the positioning result based on the discrete coefficient of the signal intensity in each sub-region. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed WSN algorithm has high precision in forest environments.
Orthogonally and linearly polarized green emission from a semipolar InGaN based microcavity
Authors: Wei Ou , Yang Mei , Hao Long , Yukun Wang , Tao Yang , Leiying Ying , Zhongming Zheng , Baoping Zhang
Published: August 2023

Polarized light has promising applications in biological inspections, displays and precise measurements. Direct emission of polarized light from a semiconductor device is highly desired in order to reduce the size and energy-consumption of the whole system. Herein, we demonstrate a semipolar GaN-based microcavity light-emitting diode (MCLED) that could simultaneously produce green light with perpendicular and parallel polarizations to the c*-axis. Orthogonally polarized emission with a narrow linewidth (~ 0.2 nm) arises from the valence band splitting and birefringent nature of the semipolar GaN material, as well as the mode selection of the resonant cavity. By modulating the cavity length, the device is capable of switching between single- and multi-mode emission spectra. We believe that the approach of employing a cavity structure and semipolar GaN can be extended to produce orthogonally and linearly polarized blue, red and violet light by adjusting the material compositions.
Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis on potential targets and mechanisms of the active monomer of Huayan Capsules in the treatment of osteosarcoma
Authors: Hao Yang , Zhang Feifan , Liu Man , Ma Yan , Luo Yage , Zhang Yongyong , Yang Ning , Luo Manli , Liu Hongjian , Li Jitian
Published: August 2023

Background
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone sarcoma. OS is most likely to occur in adolescents. Based on clinical experience, Huayan Capsules (HYCA) has adjuvant therapeutic effects in OS patients. Through network pharmacology, molecular docking and cell experiments, we sought to investigate the active components, targets and mechanism of HYCA in the treatment of OS.
Methods
The active components and targets of HYCA were found using the TCMSP and TCMID. GeneCards, TTD, and OMIM were used to find OS-related targets. The KEGG and GO enrichment were used to study PPI. Using Auto Dock Vina, the substance was molecularly docked with proteins related to OS. Finally, cell experiments were carried out to support the above conclusions.
Results
It was found HYCA had 1703 targets and 239 active molecules. Between OS and HYCA, there were 220 intersection targets. The PPI network revealed TP53, AKT1 were among the 25 primary targets of HYCA. GO enrichment revealed the genes were enriched in cellular reactions to hormones and other substances. KEGG enrichment revealed the genes were enriched in 196 pathways, mostly related to cancer, such as the PI3K–AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. According to molecular docking, quercetin, kaempferol, and beta-sitosterol have strong binding abilities with AKT1 and TP53. Cell experiments showed beta-sitosterol could inhibit the growth and wound healing formation of OS cells and promote apoptosis.
Conclusions
We predict the active compounds and potential targets of HYCA. Beta-sitosterol, one of the leading monomers of HYCA, can inhibit proliferation, migration of OS cells and induce apoptosis.
The effects of triage applying artificial intelligence on triage in the emergency department: A systematic review of prospective studies
Authors: Baek Gumhee , Baik Dain , Yi Nayeon
Published: August 2023

Background This study aimed to identify the effects of a prospective study applying artificial intelligence-based triage in the clinical field. Methods We conducted a systematic review of prospective studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist was used to guide the systematic review and reporting. Three researchers independently extracted the data, assessed the study quality, and presented the findings in a descriptive summary. Inconsistencies between the researchers were resolved after discussion. We manually searched for relevant articles through databases, including CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, ProQuest, and two South Korean search engines (KISS and RISS) from March 9 to April 18, 2023. Results Of 1,633 articles, eight met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most studies applied machine learning to triage, and only one study was based on fuzzy logic. Except for one study, all used a 5-level triage classification system, and some developed target-level prediction models. Although the model performance exceeded 70%, the triage prediction accuracy varied from 33.9 to 99.9%. Other outcomes included time reduction, overtriage and undertriage checks, triage risk factors, and outcomes related to patient care and prognosis. Conclusions Triage nurses in the emergency department can use artificial intelligence as a supportive means for patient classification. Ultimately, we hope that it will be a resource that can reduce undertriage and positively affect patient health. Verification of the optimal artificial intelligence algorithm by conducting rigorous interdisciplinary research will be a powerful tool to support triage nurses' decision-making in overcrowded emergency departments. Thus, direct nursing activities will increase and become an important factor in improving the quality of nursing care. Trial registration: We have registered our review in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD***********).
Molecular Analyses of V0v Spinal Interneurons and Identification of Transcriptional Regulators Downstream of Evx1 and Evx2 in these Cells
Authors: England Samantha J. , Woodard Amber K. , Mujcic Amra , Kowalchuk Angelica , de Jager Sarah , Hilinski William C. , Juárez-Morales José L. , Smith Matthew E. , Grieb Ginny , Banerjee Santanu , Lewis Katharine E.
Published: August 2023

BackgroundV0v spinal interneurons are highly conserved, glutamatergic, commissural neurons that function in locomotor circuits. We have previously shown that Evx1 and Evx2 are required to specify the neurotransmitter phenotype of these cells. However, we still know very little about the gene regulatory networks that act downstream of these transcription factors in V0v cells.MethodsTo identify candidate members of V0v gene regulatory networks, we FAC-sorted WT andevx1;evx2double mutant zebrafish V0v spinal interneurons and expression-profiled them using microarrays and single cell RNA-seq. We also usedin situhybridization to compare expression of a subset of candidate genes inevx1;evx2double mutants and wild-type siblings.ResultsOur data reveal two molecularly distinct subtypes of V0v spinal interneurons at 48 h and suggest that, by this stage of development,evx1;evx2double mutant cells transfate into either inhibitory spinal interneurons, or motoneurons. Our results also identify 25 transcriptional regulator genes that require Evx1/2 for their expression in V0v interneurons, plus a further 11 transcriptional regulator genes that are repressed in V0v interneurons by Evx1/2. Two of the latter genes arehmx2andhmx3a. Intriguingly, we show that Hmx2/3a, repress dI2 interneuronal expression ofskor1aandnefma, two genes that require Evx1/2 for their expression in V0v interneurons. This suggests that Evx1/2 might regulateskor1aandnefmaexpression in V0v interneurons by repressing Hmx2/3a expression.ConclusionsThis study identifies two molecularly distinct subsets of V0v spinal interneurons, as well as multiple transcriptional regulators that are strong candidates for acting downstream of Evx1/2 to specify the essential functional characteristics of these cells. Our data further suggest that in the absence of both Evx1 and Evx2, V0v spinal interneurons initially change their neurotransmitter phenotypes from excitatory to inhibitory and then, later, start to express markers of distinct types of inhibitory spinal interneurons, or motoneurons. Taken together, our findings significantly increase our knowledge of V0v and spinal development and move us closer towards the essential goal of identifying the complete gene regulatory networks that specify this crucial cell type.
Multimodal Dialogue Response Generation Based on Selective Attention and Gating Mechanisms
Authors: Yu KeJian , Zhang Cheng , Ding Jie , Yue Yi , Wu YunZhi
Published: August 2023

Picture response is a crucial aspect in dialogue systems; however, existing systems predominantly focus on text information, often neglecting the use of image data or relying on large-scale language models, which leads to high training costs and slower generation speeds. To address these challenges, this paper introduces the MDSAGM (Selective Attention and Gating Mechanism)model, which comprises a Transformer-based Text Dialogue Response Generator, Text-to-Image Generation, and SAGM (Selective Attention and Gating Mechanism). The model is core lies in combining Selective Attention and Gating Mechanism to enhance generalization and improve model accuracy. The study further explores the contributions of image and text information in multimodal fusion. Compared to other large-scale training models, the proposed model demonstrates computational efficiency , fewer parameters, and shorter response times, making it more lightweight. This dialogue model facilitates the separation of multimodal dialogue parameters from the overall model, enabling better parameter fitting through pre-training with abundant plain text and text-image data. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method achieves promising results in both automatic and manual evaluations, generating information-rich text and image responses with higher accuracy while maintaining a lightweight structure.
The structure, optical and optoelectronic properties of Ga 1-x Dy x As QDs prepared using methylphenyldiamine-assisted hydrothermal approach for IR- laser photodiode applications
Authors: Gahtany S.
Published: August 2023

The development of novel nanomaterials from semiconducting III-V elements became of utmost concern owing to the ability to tune their bandgaps for future application in optoelectronics comprising QLEDs and photon-managed solar cells. Gallium arsenide is a promising direct bandgap semiconducting material with high electronic mobility, rendering it suitable for optoelectronic devices. Here, we offer a novel method to synthesize Ga1-xDyxAs QDs using methylphenyldiamine-assisted hydrothermal approach for IR-laser diodes application. The XRD technique was employed to examine the crystal structures of the Ga1-xDyxAs QDs. The TEM technique was used to identify the shape and size of the Ga1-xDyxAs QDs. The UV–vis was utilized to emphasize the emission spectrum and bandgaps of Ga1-xDyxAs QDs. The PL measurements disclosed the capability of the Dy atoms to tune the emitted colors from the Ga1-xDyxAs QDs. Moreover, The Dy atoms acted as fluorescent centers which helped for the increase of the emitted light intensity and decreased its bandwidth. The Ga1-xDyxAs QDs exhibited a tremendous quantum yield of 81%. The developed IR-laser diode showed high responsivity and selectivity at 700 nm. Therefore, the Ga1-xDyxAs QDs showed promising optoelectronic performance for future IR-laser photodiode technological applications.
Integrating SimEON with DeepRMSA for Dynamic Network Simulation of Elastic Optical Networks
Authors: Hu Boyang , Majid Mohammad Jafar , Ramamurthy Byrav
Published: August 2023

In optical networks, simulations serve as a cost-effective and potent network planning and design method. Such simulations allow researchers and network architects to rapidly procure preliminary insights into network performance and facilitate easy design modifications. Regrettably, a significant portion of optical simulators remain proprietary. Presently, there's a notable scarcity of simulation tools in the optical network domain that harness the prowess of machine learning. Elastic Optical Networks (EON) offer a distinct advantage over their Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) counterparts due to their refined channel spacing and versatile spectrum resource utilization, enhancing spectrum efficiency. Network resource allocation emerges as a paramount research focal point in this context. Within EON, this challenge is termed the Routing, Modulation, and Spectrum Allocation (RMSA) problem. Its objective is judiciously allocating network resources by pinpointing the optimal modulation format, ensuring call request fulfillment. SimEON stands out as a unique open-source simulation tool tailored for EON, adept at simulating an array of EON configurations and designing RMSA alongside regenerator placement/assignment algorithms. Moreover, it can be augmented with appropriate models to simulate CapEx, OpEx, and network energy consumption metrics. Deep learning (DL), a specialized branch of machine learning, leverages neural networks, extensive data sets, and algorithms to cultivate models adept at unraveling intricate challenges. In this paper, we extended the capabilities of SimEON by integrating the DeepRMSA algorithm into the existing simulator. We compared the performance of conventional RMSA and DeepRMSA algorithms and provided a convenient way for users to compare different algorithms' performance and integrate other machine learning algorithms.
Exploring Vertebral Bone Density Changes in A Trunk with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis A Mechanobiological Modeling Investigation of Intact and Unilaterally-Paralyzed Muscles
Authors: Hosseinzadehposti Mohammad , Kamal Zeinab , Rajaeirad Mohadese
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the impact of unilateral muscle paralysis on vertebral bone density in a spine with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This was achieved by utilizing Frost's mechanostat theory within a combined three-dimensional, subject-specific finite element model and a validated musculoskeletal model of the L2 vertebra. The findings of bone density, ranging from 0.29 to 0.31 g/cm3, and vertebral micro-strains, ranging from 300 to 2200, consisted with existing literature. The results of the intact model exhibited a 7.7% increase in Young's modulus due to a 2.55% increase in bone density over one year of bone remodeling. Furthermore, the concave-side paralysis of longissimus thoracis pars thoracic and multifidus lumborum muscles in the AIS model led to 2.42% changes in vertebral density, which ultimately caused a 3.64% decrease in bone stiffness compared to the intact AIS model. In conclusion, this modeling and simulation study enhances our comprehension of AIS biomechanics. Valuable insights have been gained, facilitating the development of personalized treatment approaches to manage deformity progression and optimize patient outcomes.
Exploration of the Best-Operating Conditions to Balance Efficiency and Quality of the Wafer Probing Process
Authors: Yeo Woonyoung , Chang Yung-Chia
Published: August 2023

Productivity in the wafer probing process is heavily influenced by two crucial factors: yield and equipment downtime. Low yield in the wafer probing process can be attributed to either the product itself or the wafer probing equipment. To identify the causes of low yield, it is typically necessary to conduct regular equipment check-ups. However, these check-ups also increase equipment downtime, which negatively impacts productivity. In this study, our objective was to enhance the effectiveness of the current contingency plan known as the Out of Control Action Plan (OCAP), which is implemented when a low-yield situation is detected. The OCAP serves as a comprehensive documentation outlining the necessary actions to identify and rectify the underlying causes, ultimately restoring stability to the wafer probing process. According to the experimental results, it is evident that the probe test yield, machine downtime, and pack out under optimal OCAP process flow conditions are better than the existing OCAP process flow mass-production conditions.
Parallel bucket sort algorithm on optical chained-cubic tree interconnection network
Authors: Mahafzah Basel A.
Published: August 2023

The performance of sorting algorithms has a great impact on many computationally intensive applications. Researchers worked on parallelizing many sorting algorithms to improve their sequential counterpart performance. Thus, several interconnection networks have been presented for that purpose, such as tree and hypercube as basic interconnection networks and Chained-Cubic Tree (CCT) and Optical CCT (OCCT) as hybrid interconnection networks. The OCCT is constructed from a tree and hypercubes where optical links are added between hypercubes on a certain level of the tree. These optical links are used for long-distance and provide speed and low power consumption. In this paper, a new modified Parallel Bucket Sort (PBS) algorithm is presented and applied to the OCCT interconnection network. This PBS algorithm is evaluated analytically and by simulation in terms of various performance metrics including parallel runtime, computation time, communication time, concatenation time, speedup, and efficiency, for a different number of processors, dataset sizes, and data distributions including random and descending. Simulation results show that the highest obtained speedup is approximately 862 on OCCT using 1020 processors and descending input data distribution of size 40 MB. Also, the highest obtained efficiency is approximately 92% on OCCT using 124 processors and descending input data distribution of size 40 MB, which means the utilization of the OCCT processors reaches 92%.