bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geoprocessamento aplicado na análise dos efeitos da urbanização no campo térmico em Fortaleza, Ceará
Authors: Barboza Eliezio Nascimento , Bezerra Neto Francisco das Chagas , Caiana Clarice Ribeiro Alves
Published: April 2020

O rápido e desordenado crescimento urbano gerou um meio geográfico artificial e de baixa salubridade ambiental, caracterizado pela expansão de áreas periféricas e centrais. As transformações no uso e ocupação do solo geram mudanças no balanço de energia e na atmosfera, resultando no aquecimento das cidades. Portanto, o objetivo desse artigo é analisar a Temperatura de Superfície Terrestre (TST) e relacionar com cobertura vegetal por meio do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) no município de Fortaleza, Ceará. Inicialmente foram obitidas as imagens orbitais, sensores OLI, (Operational Land Imager) e TIRS10 (Thermal Infrared Sensor) do Landsat-8 em United States Geological Survey (USGS) – órbita 217 e ponto 62. As imagens escolhidas para esse estudo é de 02/08/2013 e 26/08/2016. Verificou-se a relação direta do vigor da biomassa (NDVI) e da urbanização com valores de temperatura de superfície e as ilhas de calor urbano. Os ambientes que apresentaram menores valores de NDVI, com exceção os corpos aquáticos, apresentaram maiores valores de temperatura, expondo a importância da vegetação no microclima.
Activity of Antioxidant and Inhibitor ?-Glucosidase Instant Granul Ethanol Tea Leaf Extract (Camellia sinensis) and Tea Benalu (Scurulla atropurpureea BL Dans)
Authors: Setiani Lusi Agus , Sari Bina Lohita
Published: April 2020

Tea leaves are plants that are widely spread especially in the area of West Java, while parasites are parasitic plants in tea trees that empirically have various properties such as antioxidants and anti diabetic. The ?-glucosidase inhibitor is one of the therapeutic drugs for diabetic that works by inhibiting carbohydrate metabolism. Instant granule preparation is one form of dosage used by dissolving in water. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and inhibitors of instant granular ?-glucosidase ethanolic extract of Tea and Tea Tea leaves. The extract was obtained from extraction with 60% ethanol solvent-assisted extraction (MAE) method. Research was done by making 3 formula (Formula 1, 2 and 3) with comparison of tea leaf extract, parasite, Polivinil pyrrolidone (PVP) and cyclodextrin ie 26,88%, 1,8%, 2%, 0% (Formula 1) 26.88%, 0%, 3%, 12% and 0% (Formula 2), 1.8%, 4%, 15% (Formula 3). Formula 2 is active as an antioxidant and ?-glucosidase enzyme inhibitor with IC50 values of 68.21 and 56.76 ppm. Keywords: Tea Leaves, Benalu Tea, Antioxidants, ?-glucosidase Inhibitors, Instant Granules
Diversity of Fish Species in Cilodong Lake
Authors: Prihatini Wahyu
Published: April 2020

Fish provides many benefits for humans, such as food and ornamental fish. Lake fish in West Java is increasingly threatened due to environmental degradation. This study aimed to record the diversity of fish species and its potency in Cilodong Lake, Depok. The parameters measured were the diversity of fish species by Shannon Wienner index, and the physical chemical of water quality that were pH, DO, BOD, COD, TOM, temperature, brightness, and depth. This research found 12 species consumption fishes, and 5 species of ornamental fishes. Four most common species found were Oreochromis mossambicus (cichlids/mujair), Oreochromis sp., Hypostomus sp. (ikan sapu-sapu), and Dermogenys pussil (julung-julung). The Pearson correlation analysis results showed that all physical chemical parameters of water correlated inversely with the diversity of fish species. Parameters that had very strong correlation with the species diversity in Cilodong Lake were the water depth, temperature, and COD. Keywords: Species Diversity, Fish, Lake Cilodong
Development of Snack Bar (Snack Bar) In Rich In Calcium With Fortification Of Shell Flour Kijing (Anadonta Woodiana)
Authors: Fatmi Mindiya , Rustiani Erni
Published: April 2020

Shellfish flour has a proximate content including moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content and calcium levels. Shellfish flour containing rich calcium can be added in the manufacture of food products such as Snack Bar to increase the nutritional value. The research includes making snack bar barbecue with several types of sweeteners such as honey, palm sugar and sorbitol. Based on the results of proximate and minerals test, it was found that snack bar preparations were made with ash content (2.25, 2.04, 1.88), total fat content (20,34,20,75,24,20) and kalisum (823,78; 506,21; 814,06) which is higher than the positive control. lower protein and phosphorus content than positive controls, and total carbohydrates that approach positive controls. Keywords: Shellfish Flour, Snack-Bar, Sweetener, Proximate Tes
PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND TANNIN STABILITY TEST FROM KLUWEK (Pangium edule Reinw)
Authors: Warnasih Siti , Hasanah Uswatun
Published: April 2020

One of the herbs that can be used as a source of natural dye is the kluwek which is brown. This study aims to determine the type of secondary metabolite compounds producing color, and to determine the stability of tannin in various conditions such as pH, oxidizing, UV rays, heating temperature, and storage using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. This research includes preparation of kluwek, extraction with acetone:water (7:3) with maceration method, phytochemical test (tannin, flavonoid, carotenoid, and anthocyanin) and total tannins, and tannin stability test on various pH, oxidizing, UV rays, temperature and duration of heating, and storage using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The results obtained are kluwek extract containing tannin, flavonoid, carotenoid, and anthocyanin compounds, and total tannins 2.80%. Based on the tannin content, kluwek extract stable at pH 6-7, heating 60-80 oC, and storage up to 9 days at temperature 27 C, and kluwek extract unstable when contact with 1% H2O2, UV light, and if kept at cold temperature (10 ?C).
THE TEST OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES WITH COMPARISON OF EXTRACTION METHODS FROM ROBUSTA COFFEE SEEDS (Coffea canephora)
Authors: Utami Novi Fajar , Nhestricia Nhadira
Published: April 2020

The content of robusta coffee include alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, tannins, caffeine, and phenol. Differences in the method of extraction of a plant can cause differences in the number of chemical compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity in robusta coffee beans extracted by maceration and sonication method. Antioxidant activity was performed by the method of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) by spectrophotometry. The results showed that phytochemical characteristics of robusta coffee extract of maceration and sonication contain the same chemical compounds, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The antioxidant activity of robusta coffee seed extract of sonication result has IC50 of 54,14 ppm which is better than the extract of robusta coffee beans from maceration.
PALM KERNEL SHELL AS AN ALTERNATIVE AGGREGATE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE CONCRETE
Authors: Purwanti Heny , Artiningsih Titik Penta
Published: April 2020

Coarse aggregates commonly used in concrete are coarse natural aggregates, which are broken stones or gravel. Continuous rock exploration can cause environmental damage or even more severe ecosystem damage. Therefore it is necessary to substitute an alternative aggregate. Indonesia has the second largest oil palm plantation (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) in the world after Malaysia. Plantations are renewable resources, so palm oil is also potential to be used as an alternative to diesel fuel. Palm kernel shells are palm oil industry wastes which are generally underutilized. Palm kernel shells can be used as an alternative to coarse aggregate, because oil palm shells have the advantage of being hard, tough and good durability due to the high content of lignin and silica dioxide (SiO2), such as hard wood, but low cellulose content so it is not easy rot. The strength of the palm oil shell is quite good. In addition, the aggregate gradation also fulfills the requirements without a breakdown process, which has a thickness of 2-4 mm and a maximum width of 15 mm. The volume of oil palm shells is + 600 kg/m3, so it will produce significant light weight concrete. The concrete studied was concrete with a coarse aggregate of tenera palm kernel shells, with fine aggregates of natural sand, and a Portland Composite Cement (PCC), but the PCC content was reduced and replaced by FA which varied from 0%, 5%, 10 %, 15%, 20 and 25%. Concrete also added superplasticizer (SP). SP is used to reduce water use, because the shell absorbs water. SP levels also vary, namely 0%, 1%, and 1.2%. The weight of the volume of concrete with various levels of fly ash and SP is 1700-1800 kg/m3, so it can be classified as lightweight concrete. Increased FA levels will increase compressive strength, but only up to 10%, after which the strength decreases. Compressive strength of specimens with SP 0% and FA 10% is 17.92 MPa, for SP levels of 1% and FA 10% is 22.15 MPa, while for SP levels of 1.2% and FA 10% is 19.35 MPa . So that it can be concluded that the palm shell as bio-material (renewable resources) can be used as a substitute for natural coarse aggregates. The optimum fly ash level is 10%, and to reduce water use SP 1%. The use of oil palm shells as a substitute for gravel means reducing the waste of the palm oil industry, while reducing rock exposures. In addition, in Indonesia there are many areas where there are no rock sources while oil palm plantations are quite extensive.
ANALYZING MIKROTIK BASED VRRP (VIRTUAL ROUTER REDUNDANCY PROTOCOL) IMPLEMENTATION ON HOMEGRID NETWORKS
Authors: Machdi Agustini Rodiah
Published: April 2020

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) was developed to eliminate internal failures a single node gateway system, causing a network link to be disconnected. VRRP is capable provide redundant routing path link access. This time the research applied technology This VRRP is on a home network or building that utilizes the electricity installation network as LAN (Local Area Network) commonly called HomeGrid, and test it by doing QoS metric measurement. The QoS values obtained are then compared to the QoS standard on TIPHON as proof that network conditions are still in normal limits. The system is tested using 3 (three) schemes to get maximum results. Condition network using this VRRP system only requires very short downtime, when viewed from packet capture monitoring takes only 3 to 4 seconds in all schemes. Thus the technological capabilities of the VRRP system have been tested and are capable provide high availability linksVirtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) was developed to eliminate internal failures a single node gateway system, causing a network link to be disconnected. VRRP is capable provide redundant routing path link access. This time the research applied technology This VRRP is on a home network or building that utilizes the electricity installation network as LAN (Local Area Network) commonly called HomeGrid, and test it by doing QoS metric measurement. The QoS values obtained are then compared to the QoS standard on TIPHON as proof that network conditions are still in normal limits. The system is tested using 3 (three) schemes to get maximum results. Condition network using this VRRP system only requires very short downtime, when viewed from packet capture monitoring takes only 3 to 4 seconds in all schemes. Thus the technological capabilities of the VRRP system have been tested and are capable provide high availability linksJournal of Science Innovare is licensed under  Keywords: VRRP;Mikrotik;Router;JPerf;QoS;jitter
THE INFLUENCE OF PICTURE COLORING ON FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 4-5 YEARS
Authors: Fitrianingsih Nining , Sari Noor Siti Noviani Indah
Published: April 2020

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 2-25% of preschool age children suffer from minor brain dysfunction, including impaired fine motor development, in Indonesia around 16% of children experience impaired fine motor development. Fine motor development involves certain body parts performed by small muscles. How to stimulate fine motor skills in children has a very large function, namely to increase the movement of fine activities such as writing, drawing, and typing. The impact that will occur if the child has a disruption in fine motor development that can cause cerebral palcy. To determine the effect of coloring pictures on fine motor development in children aged 4-5 years. This type of research is pre-experimental and conducted in Al-Munawar Kindergarten, Nanggung District with respondents, namely children aged 4-5 years using Total Sampling. The instrument used was an observation sheet. Knowing univariate analysis before given coloring treatment 50% of children in the category of undeveloped and after being given coloring treatment 50% of children in the development category as expected. Bivariate analysis using the normality test using Shapiro Wilk with the results of 0,000 <0.05 means that the data is not normally distributed, after that to test the hypothesis using Willcoxon with a P value of 0,000 <0.05, it means that Ha is accepted. Knowing fine motor development of the respondents 50% of respondents fall into the category of undeveloped with a mean value of 1.87 and a standard deviation of 0.937. Knowing fine motor development of 50% of respondents included in the category of developing according to expectations with a mean value of 2.90 and a standard deviation of 0.712. The Influence of Coloring Pictures Against Fine Motoric Development in Children Aged 4-5 Years at Al-Munawar Kindergarten, Nanggung District, Bogor Regency.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GASS CROMATOGRAPHY – MASS SPECTROMETER (GC-MS) ANALYSIS ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PURPLE SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Authors: Kurniasih Surti , Saputri Dina Dyah
Published: April 2020

Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves are extremely versatile that possesses high value. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves have secondary metabolism compounds that used as antibacterial and antifungal. The content of secondary metabolite compounds contained in plants an important role in providing antibacterial and antifungal activity so that this study was conducted to develop the utilization of purple sweet potato leaves through phytochemical screening. Phytochemical screening aims to provide an overview of the class of compounds contained in purple sweet potato leaf plants including of alkaloids, steroids-triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins test. Samples were taken from the local community of Bogor. The extract is made by extracting the simplicia of positive purple sweet potato leaves containing alkaloid, steroids-triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. Further identification of active compounds was performed by Gass Cromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis to detect the active compound contained in purple sweet potato leaf extract more specifically. GC-MS analysis results show several active compounds including: 1.4-Benzenediol (CAS) Hydroquinone, Benzenesulfonic acid 4-hydroxy (CAS), Hexadecanoic acid (CAS) Palmitic acid.
FACTORS THAT ARE RELATED TO THE EVENENCE OF THE PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES IN MATERNITY MOTHER IN SAYANG HOSPITAL, CIANJUR CITY
Authors: . Rahmawati
Published: April 2020

Premature rupture of membranes is rupture of membranes before there are signs of labor and after waiting for an hour before the start of labor. World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 there were 303,000 women died during childbirth and as many as 20% caused by premature rupture of membranes. The incidence of maternity with premature rupture of membranes in Sayang Hospital Cianjur in 2016 was 1151 maternity with premature rupture of membranes from 6814 births while in 2017 there were 1272 births with premature rupture of 5887 births. This study aims to determine the relationship between premature rupture of membranes with age, parity, education, and history of premature rupture of membranes. Statistical test results obtained that there is a relationship between premature rupture of membranes with age with a P value = 0.008 OR value of 0.556. Statistical test results obtained that there is a relationship between premature rupture of membranes with parity with a P value = 0,000 OR value of 3.336. Statistical test results obtained that there is a relationship between premature rupture of membranes with education with a P value = 0.001 OR value of 2.431. Statistical test results obtained that there is no relationship between premature rupture of membranes with a history of premature rupture of membranes with a P value = 0.949 OR value of 2.431. It is recommended for health workers to increase their preventive efforts so that pregnant women get clear information about premature rupture of membranes and anticipate problems that can arise in labor
CASSAVA WASTE AS AN ADDITIONAL SOURCE OF ORGANIC COMPOSES
Authors: Haq Nadhia Nurul
Published: April 2020

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of adding powder cassava waste in compost making. Versatile in making compost. This research uses a Completely Randomized Design consisting of 4 settings with 3 replications with different amounts. The parameters chosen were composting temperature, composting fermentation time period, composting humidity, acidity composting and continued with water spinach growth vegetative test. Data analysis using one-way ANOVA test and further tests with Duncan's Multi Range Test at 1% significance level. Research results for 30 days in making compost with cassava powder complement, like fertilizer after growth, Vegetative ground spinach (ipomoea reptans) did not show a significant effect or no effect
Genetic Variation and Sequence Diversity of Starch Biosynthesis and Sucrose Metabolism Genes in Sweet Potato
Authors: Zhang Kai , Luo Kai , Li Shixi , Peng Deliang , Tang Daobin , Lu Huixiang , Zhao Yong , Lv Changwen , Wang Jichun
Published: April 2020

Knowledge of genetic variations can provide clues into the molecular mechanisms regulating key crop traits. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is an important starch-producing crop, but little is known about the genetic variations in starch biosynthesis and sucrose metabolism genes. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing of pooled amplicons of target genes to identify sequence variations in 20 genes encoding key enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis and sucrose metabolism in 507 sweet potato germplasms. After filtering potential variations between gene copies within the genome, we identified 622 potential allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 85 insertions/deletions (InDels), including 50 non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) and 12 frameshift InDels. Three nsSNPs were confirmed to be present in eight sweet potato varieties with various starch properties using cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers. Gene copy with loss of the fifth intron was detected in IbAGPb3 genes, and loss of multiple introns were observed in IbGBSS1-1 genes and various among germplasms based on intron length polymorphism (ILP) markers. Thus, we identified sequence variations between germplasms in 20 genes involved in starch biosynthesis and sucrose metabolism, and demonstrated the diversity in intron-loss alleles among sweet potato germplasms. These findings provide critical genetic information and useful molecular markers for revealing regulatory mechanism of starch properties.
Controlling Rice Leaf Breaking Force by Temperature and Moisture Content to Reduce Breakage
Authors: Tang Zhong , Li Yu , Zhang Ben , Wang Meilin , Li Yaoming
Published: April 2020

Leaf fragments and grain mixture produced by rice threshing with a combine harvester seriously affects the subsequent grain cleaning efficiency. In this paper, rice leaf breaking force was tested at different temperatures and moisture contents to analyze the influence of temperature on the tensile properties of rice leaves. The overlapping regions of rice leaf breaking force and grain separation force at different temperatures were obtained. Based on the rice leaf breaking force, the effect of the temperature change on rice leaf with different moisture content was analyzed. The results showed that tensile strength of rice leaf decreased first, then increased and finally decreased from rice sheath to the top. The tensile breaking force of the leaf sheath was about 75 N (N is Newton, 1 N = 1 kg·m/s²). The tensile fracture resistance of rice leaf was shown to weaken with the increase of temperature. The influence of the moisture content on the mechanical properties of rice leaf during the process of temperature change was small. At 30 to 35 °C, the blade was the strongest tensile fracture resistance, which was the lowest probability of fracture under the same stress condition. At this time, the rice grain separation force has the least coincidence with the rice leaf resistance to breakage. According to the breaking force of different blade layers, the number of blade layers has a significant linear relationship with its tensile limit. Therefore, the overall fracture resistance of the multilayer blade can be improved by controlling the temperature and moisture content.
Efficacy of A Poly(MeOEGMA) Brush on the Prevention of Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation and Susceptibility
Authors: Alves Patrícia , Gomes Luciana Calheiros , Rodríguez-Emmenegger Cesar , Mergulhão Filipe José
Published: April 2020

Urinary tract infections are one of the most common hospital-acquired infections, and they are often associated with biofilm formation in indwelling medical devices such as catheters and stents. This study aims to investigate the antibiofilm performance of a polymer brush—poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate], poly(MeOEGMA)—and evaluate its effect on the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli biofilms formed on that surface. Biofilms were formed in a parallel plate flow chamber (PPFC) for 24 h under the hydrodynamic conditions prevailing in urinary catheters and stents and challenged with ampicillin. Results obtained with the brush were compared to those obtained with two control surfaces, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glass. The polymer brush reduced by 57% the surface area covered by E. coli after 24 h, as well as the number of total adhered cells. The antibiotic treatment potentiated cell death and removal, and the total cell number was reduced by 88%. Biofilms adapted their architecture, and cell morphology changed to a more elongated form during that period. This work suggests that the poly(MeOEGMA) brush has potential to prevent bacterial adhesion in urinary tract devices like ureteral stents and catheters, as well as in eradicating biofilms developed in these biomedical devices.
Antibiotics: A Bibliometric Analysis of Top 100 Classics
Authors: Arshad Anas Imran , Ahmad Paras , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Asif Jawaad Ahmed , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Mahmood Zuliani , Abd Rahman Normastura , Mamat Noraida , Kamal Mohammad Amjad
Published: April 2020

Citation frequencies represent the most significant contributions in any respective field. This bibliometric analysis aimed to identify and analyze the 100 most-cited publications in the field of antibiotics and to highlight the trends of research in this field. “All databases” of Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science was used to identify and analyze the 100 publications. The articles were then cross-matched with Scopus and Google Scholar. The frequency of citation ranged from 940 to 11,051 for the Web of Science, 1053 to 10,740 for Scopus, and 1162 to 20,041 for Google Scholar. A total of 513 authors made contributions to the ranked list, and Robert E.W. Hancock contributed in six articles, which made it to the ranked list. Sixty-six scientific contributions originated from the United States of America. Five publications were linked to the University of Manitoba, Canada, that was identified as the educational organization, made the most contributions (n = 5). According to the methodological design, 26 of the most cited works were review-type closely followed by 23 expert opinions/perspectives. Eight articles were published in Nature journal, making it the journal with the most scientific contribution in this field. Correlation analysis between the publication age and citation frequency was found statistically significant (p = 0.012).
EPA Is Cardioprotective in Male Rats Subjected to Sepsis, but ALA is Not Beneficial
Authors: Leger Thibault , Jouve Chrystèle , Hininger-Favier Isabelle , Rigaudiere Jean-Paul , Capel Frédéric , Sapin Vincent , Moreau Clarisse , Charrier Alice , Demaison Luc
Published: April 2020

It has been proven that dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3 or EPA) protects the heart against the deleterious effects of sepsis in female rats. We do not know if this is the case for male rodents. In this case, the efficiency of other n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) remains to be determined in both female and male rats. This study aimed at (i) determining whether dietary EPA is cardioprotective in septic male rats; (ii) evaluating the influence of dietary α-linolenic (C18:3 n-3 or ALA) on cardiac function during this pathology; and (iii) finding out the physiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed effects. Sixty male rats were divided into three dietary groups. The animals were fed a diet deficient in n-3 PUFAs (DEF group), a diet enriched with ALA (ALA group) or a diet fortified with EPA (EPA group) for 6 weeks. Thereafter, each group was subdivided into 2 subgroups, one being subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and the other undergoing a fictive surgery. Cardiac function was determined in vivo and ex vivo. Several parameters related to the inflammation process and oxidative stress were determined. Finally, the fatty acid compositions of circulating lipids and cardiac phospholipids were evaluated. The results of the ex vivo situation indicated that sepsis triggered cardiac damage in the DEF group. Conversely, the ex vivo data indicated that dietary ALA and EPA were cardioprotective by resolving the inflammation process and decreasing the oxidative stress. However, the measurements of the cardiac function in the in vivo situation modulated these conclusions. Indeed, in the in vivo situation, sepsis deteriorated cardiac mechanical activity in the ALA group. This was suspected to be due to a restricted coronary flow which was related to a lack of cyclooxygenase substrates in membrane phospholipids. Finally, only EPA proved to be beneficial in sepsis. Its action necessitates both resolution of inflammation and increased coronary perfusion. In that sense, dietary ALA, which does not allow the accumulation of vasodilator precursors in membrane lipids, cannot be protective during the pathology.
Additive Manufacturing of Conformal Microstrip Antenna Using Piezoelectric Nozzle Array
Authors: Li Zheng , Huang Jin , Yang Yupeng , Yang Sen , Zhang Jiaying , Yuan Pengfei , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2020

Inkjet printing technology is widely used in the manufacture of conformal structures, such as load-bearing antennas or frequency-selective surface radomes. It is particularly promising for preparing conductive patterns on non-developable surfaces. Existing printing technologies employ a single nozzle and a five-axis linkage technique for printing, which is time-consuming. In this study, a conformal plane printing technology based on the arrayed nozzle was developed to prepare conductive patterns on a non-developable surface. The technique actualizes fast printing of passive circuits on a conformal surface, such as a microstrip antenna. Compared to printing techniques employing a single nozzle, the proposed method greatly improves the printing efficiency on conformal surfaces. Specifically, we first developed a model for the driver waveforms and the printing injection parameters via simulation. Subsequently, the accuracy of the computational fluid dynamic simulation results was validated by comparing them with the experimental measurements of droplet trajectory captured using a camera. Next, a droplet spreading model was established, considering energy conservation principles. Finally, a conformal surface printing technology using arrayed nozzles was developed based on the injection parameter and droplet spreading models. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed printing method were further validated via simulation and experimental tests of return loss.
Recurrent Water Deficit and Epigenetic Memory in Medicago sativa L. Varieties
Authors: Ventouris Yannis E. , Tani Eleni , Avramidou Evangelia V. , Abraham Eleni M. , Chorianopoulou Styliani N. , Vlachostergios Dimitrios N. , Papadopoulos Georgios , Kapazoglou Aliki
Published: April 2020

Global DNA methylation changes in response to recurrent drought stress were investigated in two common Greek Medicago sativa L. varieties (Lamia and Chaironia-Institute of Ιndustrial and Forage Crops). The water deficit was implemented in two phases. At the end of the first phase, which lasted for 60 days, the plants were cut at the height of 5 cm and were watered regularly for two months before being subjected to the second drought stress, which lasted for two weeks. Finally, the following groups of plants were formed: CC (controls both in phase I and phase II), CD2 (Controls in phase I, experiencing drought in phase II), and D1D2 (were subjected to drought in both phase I and phase II). At the end of phase II, samples were taken for global DNA methylation analysis with the Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism (MSAP) method, and all plants were harvested in order to measure the fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots. The variety Lamia responded better, especially the D1D2 group, compared to Chaironia in terms of root and shoot dry weight. Additionally, the shoots of Lamia had a constant water status for CD2 and D1D2 group of plants. According to DNA methylation analysis by the MSAP method, Lamia had lower total DNA methylation percentage after the second drought episode (D1D2) as compared to the plants CD2 that had experienced only one drought episode. On the other hand, the total DNA methylation percentage of Chaironia was almost the same in plants grown under recurrent drought stress conditions compared to control plants. In conclusion, the decrease of DNA methylation of Lamia stressed plants probably indicates the existence of an epigenetic mechanism that may render drought tolerance.
Characterization of Antimicrobial Effects of Plasma-Treated Water (PTW) Produced by Microwave-Induced Plasma (MidiPLexc) on Pseudomonas fluorescens Biofilms
Authors: Handorf Oliver , Pauker Viktoria Isabella , Schnabel Uta , Weihe Thomas , Freund Eric , Bekeschus Sander , Riedel Katharina , Ehlbeck Jörg
Published: April 2020

For the decontamination of surfaces in the food production industry, plasma-generated compounds such as plasma-treated water or plasma-processed air offer many promising possibilities for future applications. Therefore, the antimicrobial effect of water treated with microwave-induced plasma (MidiPLexc) on Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms was investigated. A total of 10 mL deionized water was treated with the MidiPLexc plasma source for 100, 300 and 900 s (pretreatment time) and the bacterial biofilms were exposed to the plasma-treated water for 1, 3 and 5 min (post-treatment time). To investigate the influence of plasma-treated water on P. fluorescens biofilms, microbiological assays (colony-forming units, fluorescence and XTT assay) and imaging techniques (fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and atomic force microscopy) were used. The colony-forming units showed a maximum reduction of 6 log10 by using 300 s pretreated plasma water for 5 min. Additionally, a maximum reduction of 81% for the viability of the cells and a 92% reduction in the metabolic activity of the cells were achieved by using 900 s pretreated plasma water for 5 min. The microscopic images showed evident microbial inactivation within the biofilm even at the shortest pretreatment (100 s) and post-treatment (1 min) times. Moreover, reduction of the biofilm thickness and increased cluster formation within the biofilm was detected. Morphologically, the fusion of cell walls into a uniform dense cell mass was detectable. The findings correlated with a decrease in the pH value of the plasma-treated water, which forms the basis for the chemically active components of plasma-treated water and its antimicrobial effects. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of inactivation of biofilms by plasma-generated compounds such as plasma-treated water and thus allow for further parameter adjustment for applications in food industry.
Comparison of Thermal Comfort between Sapporo and Tokyo—The Case of the Olympics 2020
Authors: Wu Yuting , Graw Kathrin , Matzarakis Andreas
Published: April 2020

Weather and climate conditions can be decisive regarding travel plans or outdoor events, especially for sport events. The Olympic Games 2020, postponed to 2021, will take place in Tokyo at a time which is considered to be the hottest and most humid time of the year. However, a part of the athletic competitions is relocated to the northern city Sapporo. Therefore, it is important to quantify thermal comfort for different occasions and destinations and make the results accessible to visitors and sport attendees. The following analysis will quantify and compare thermal comfort and heat stress between Sapporo and Tokyo using thermal indices like the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature and the modified Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET and mPET). The results reveal different precipitation patterns for the cities. While a higher precipitation rate appears in Sapporo during winter, the precipitation rate is higher in Tokyo during summer. PET and mPET exhibit a greater probability of heat stress conditions in Tokyo during the Olympic Games, whereas Sapporo has more moderate values for the same period. The Climate-Tourism/Transfer-Information-Scheme (CTIS) integrates and simplifies climate information and makes them comprehensible for non-specialists. The CTIS of Tokyo illustrates lower suitable conditions for “Heat stress”, “Sunny days” and “Sultriness”. Transferring parts of the athletics competition to a northern city is thus more convenient for athletes, staff members and spectators. Hence, heat stress can be avoided and an acceptable outdoor stay is ensured. Overall, this quantification and comparison of the thermal conditions in Sapporo and Tokyo reveal limitations but also possibilities for the organizers of the Olympic Games. Furthermore it can be used to raise awareness for promoting or arranging countermeasures and heat mitigation at specific events and destinations, if necessary.
A Numerical Study of Aeolian Sand Particle Flow Incorporating Granular Pseudofluid Optimization and Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wu Changsong , Zhou Xiaosi , Hu Yuanming , Wang Yuan , Yang Bin
Published: April 2020

A numerical investigation of aeolian sand particle flow in atmospheric boundary layer is performed with a Eulerian–Eulerian granular pseudofluid model. In this model, the air turbulence is modelled with a large eddy simulation, and a kinetic–frictional constitutive model incorporating frictional stress and the kinetic theory of granular flow is applied to describe the interparticle movement. The simulated profiles of streamwise sand velocity and sand mass flux agree well with the reported experiments. The quantitative discrepancy between them occurs near the sand bed surface, which is due to the difference in sand sample, but also highlights the potential of the present model in addressing near-surface mass transport. The simulated profiles of turbulent root mean square (RMS) particle velocity suggest that the interparticle collision mainly account for the fluctuation of sand particle movement.
The Impact of Climate Change on Cholera: A Review on the Global Status and Future Challenges
Authors: Christaki Eirini , Dimitriou Panagiotis , Pantavou Katerina , Nikolopoulos Georgios K.
Published: April 2020

Water ecosystems can be rather sensitive to evolving or sudden changes in weather parameters. These changes can result in alterations in the natural habitat of pathogens, vectors, and human hosts, as well as in the transmission dynamics and geographic distribution of infectious agents. However, the interaction between climate change and infectious disease is rather complicated and not deeply understood. In this narrative review, we discuss climate-driven changes in the epidemiology of Vibrio species-associated diseases with an emphasis on cholera. Changes in environmental parameters do shape the epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae. Outbreaks of cholera cause significant disease burden, especially in developing countries. Improved sanitation systems, access to clean water, educational strategies, and vaccination campaigns can help control vibriosis. In addition, real-time assessment of climatic parameters with remote-sensing technologies in combination with robust surveillance systems could help detect environmental changes in high-risk areas and result in early public health interventions that can mitigate potential outbreaks.
Immobilization Techniques for Aptamers on Gold Electrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Proteins: A Review
Authors: Oberhaus Franziska V. , Frense Dieter , Beckmann Dieter
Published: April 2020

The development of reliable biosensing platforms plays a key role in the detection of proteins in clinically and environmentally derived samples for diagnostics, as well as for process monitoring in biotechnological productions. For this purpose, the biosensor has to be stable and reproducible, and highly sensitive to detect potentially extremely low concentrations and prevent the nonspecific binding of interfering compounds. In this review, we present an overview of recently published (2017–2019) immobilization techniques for aptamers on gold electrodes for the electrochemical detection of proteins. These include the direct immobilization of thiolated aptamers and the utilization of short linkers, streptavidin/biotin interaction, as well as DNA nanostructures and reduced graphene oxide as immobilization platforms. Applied strategies for signal amplification and the prevention of biofouling are additionally discussed, as they play a crucial role in the design of biosensors. While a wide variety of amplification strategies are already available, future investigations should aim to establish suitable antifouling strategies that are compatible with electrochemical measurements. The focus of our review lies on the detailed discussion of the underlying principles and the presentation of utilized chemical protocols in order to provide the reader with promising ideas and profound knowledge of the subject, as well as an update on recent discoveries and achievements.
Transient Conductive Hearing Loss Regulates Cross-Modal VGLUT Expression in the Cochlear Nucleus of C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Kurioka Takaomi , Mogi Sachiyo , Yamashita Taku
Published: April 2020

Auditory nerve fibers synapse onto the cochlear nucleus (CN) and are labeled using the vesicular glutamate transporter-1 (VGLUT-1), whereas non-auditory inputs are labeled using the VGLUT-2. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of VGLUT expression in the CN remains unknown. We examined whether a sound level decrease, without primary neural damage, induces cellular and VGLUT expression change in the CN, and examined the potential for neural plasticity of the CN using unilateral conductive hearing loss models. We inserted earplugs in 8-week-old mice unilaterally for 4 weeks and subsequently removed them for another 4 weeks. Although the threshold of an auditory brainstem response significantly increased across all tested frequencies following earplug insertion, it completely recovered after earplug removal. Auditory deprivation had no significant impact on spiral ganglion and ventral CN (VCN) neurons’ survival. Conversely, although the cell size and VGLUT-1 expression in the VCN significantly decreased after earplug insertion, VGLUT-2 expression in the granule cell lamina significantly increased. These cell sizes decreased and the alterations in VGLUT-1 and -2 expression almost completely recovered at 1 month after earplug removal. Our results suggested that the cell size and VGLUT expression in the CN have a neuroplasticity capacity, which is regulated by increases and decreases in sound levels. Restoration of the sound levels might partly prevent cell size decrease and maintain VGLUT expression in the CN.
The Progressive Mutagenic Effects of Acidic Bile Refluxate in Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis: New Insights
Authors: Sasaki Clarence T. , Doukas Sotirios G. , Costa Jose , Vageli Dimitra P.
Published: April 2020

Cancers of the laryngopharynx represent the most devastating of the head and neck malignancies and additional risk factors are now epidemiologically linked to this disease. Using an in vivo model (Mus musculus C57Bl/6J), we provide novel evidence that acidic bile (pH 3.0) progressively promotes invasive cancer in the hypopharynx. Malignant lesions are characterized by increasing: (i) oxidative DNA-damage, (ii) γH2AX expression, (iii) NF-κB activation, and (iv) p53 expression. Histopathological changes observed in murine hypopharyngeal mucosa exposed to acidic bile were preceded by the overexpression of Tnf, Il6, Bcl2, Egfr, Rela, Stat3, and the deregulation of miR-21, miR-155, miR-192, miR-34a, miR-375, and miR-451a. This is the first study to document that acidic bile is carcinogenic in the upper aerodigestive tract. We showed that oxidative DNA-damage produced by acidic bile in combination with NF-κB-related anti-apoptotic deregulation further supports the underlying two-hit hypothesized mechanism. Just as importantly, we reproduced the role of several biomarkers of progression that served as valuable indicators of early neoplasia in our experimental model. These findings provide a sound basis for proposing translational studies in humans by exposing new opportunities for early detection and prevention.
Post-Treatment HPV Surface Brushings and Risk of Relapse in Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Kofler Barbara , Borena Wegene , Dudas Jozsef , Innerhofer Veronika , Dejaco Daniel , Steinbichler Teresa B , Widmann Gerlig , von Laer Dorothee , Riechelmann Herbert
Published: April 2020

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a distinct subtype of head and neck cancer. Here, we investigated how frequently brushing remained high-risk (hr)-HPV positive after treatment and whether patients with positive post-treatment brushings have a higher recurrence rate. Following the end of treatment of patients with initially hr-HPV positive OPSCC, surface brushings from the previous tumor site were performed and tested for hr-HPV DNA. Of 62 patients with initially hr-HPV DNA-positive OPSCC, seven patients remained hr-HPV-DNA positive at post-treatment follow-up. Of the seven hr-HPV-positive patients at follow-up, five had a tumor relapse or tumor progression, of whom three died. The majority of patients (55/62) was HPV-negative following treatment. All HPV-negative patients remained free of disease (p = 0.0007). In this study, all patients with recurrence were hr-HPV-positive with the same genotype as that before treatment. In patients who were hr-HPV negative after treatment, no recurrence was observed.
LINC00963 Promotes Cancer Stemness, Metastasis, and Drug Resistance in Head and Neck Carcinomas via ABCB5 Regulation
Authors: Lee Shiao-Pieng , Hsieh Pei-Ling , Fang Chih-Yuan , Chu Pei-Ming , Liao Yi-Wen , Yu Chuan-Hang , Yu Cheng-Chia , Tsai Lo-Lin
Published: April 2020

Accumulating studies have indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the regulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are crucial in tumor initiation, metastasis, relapse, and therapy resistance. In the current study, RT-PCR analysis was employed to evaluate the expression of LINC00963 in tumor tissues and oral CSCs. Stemness phenotypes and the expression of CSCs markers in oral cancer cells transfected with sh-LINC00963 were examined. Our results showed that the expression of the lncRNA LINC00963 was up-regulated in oral cancer tissues and CSCs. We found that the downregulation of LINC00963 inhibited CSC hallmarks, such as migration, invasion and colony formation capacity. Moreover, suppression of LINC00963 reduced the activity of stemness marker ALDH1, the percentage of self-renewal, chemoresistance and the expression of multidrug-resistance transporter ABCB5. Most importantly, we demonstrated that knockdown of LINC00963 decreased self-renewal, invasion and colony formation ability via ABCB5. Analysis of TCGA (the Cancer Genome Atlas) datasets suggested that the level of LINC00963 was positively correlated with the expression of the cancer stemness markers (Sox2 and CD44) and drug resistance markers (ABCG2 and ABCB5). Altogether, our results showed that suppression of LINC00963 may be beneficial to inhibit chemoresistance and cancer relapse in oral cancer patients.
FAK Inhibition Induces Glioblastoma Cell Senescence-Like State through p62 and p27
Authors: Alza Lía , Nàger Mireia , Visa Anna , Cantí Carles , Herreros Judit
Published: April 2020

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a central component of focal adhesions that regulate cancer cell proliferation and migration. Here, we studied the effects of FAK inhibition in glioblastoma (GBM), a fast growing brain tumor that has a poor prognosis. Treating GBM cells with the FAK inhibitor PF-573228 induced a proliferative arrest and increased cell size. PF-573228 also reduced the growth of GBM neurospheres. These effects were associated with increased p27/CDKN1B levels and β-galactosidase activity, compatible with acquisition of senescence. Interestingly, FAK inhibition repressed the expression of the autophagy cargo receptor p62/SQSTM-1. Moreover, depleting p62 in GBM cells also induced a senescent-like phenotype through transcriptional upregulation of p27. Our results indicate that FAK inhibition arrests GBM cell proliferation, resulting in cell senescence, and pinpoint p62 as being key to this process. These findings highlight the possible therapeutic value of targeting FAK in GBM.
Application of a Biphasic Mathematical Model of Cancer Cell Drug Response for Formulating Potent and Synergistic Targeted Drug Combinations to Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Shen Jinyan , Li Li , Howlett Niall G. , Cohen Paul S. , Sun Gongqin
Published: April 2020

Triple negative breast cancer is a collection of heterogeneous breast cancers that are immunohistochemically negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and ErbB2 (due to deletion or lack of amplification). No dominant proliferative driver has been identified for this type of cancer, and effective targeted therapy is lacking. In this study, we hypothesized that triple negative breast cancer cells are multi-driver cancer cells, and evaluated a biphasic mathematical model for identifying potent and synergistic drug combinations for multi-driver cancer cells. The responses of two triple negative breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, to a panel of targeted therapy drugs were determined over a broad range of concentrations. The analyses of the drug responses by the biphasic mathematical model revealed that both cell lines were indeed dependent on multiple drivers, and inhibitors of individual drivers caused a biphasic response: a target-specific partial inhibition at low nM concentrations, and an off-target toxicity at μM concentrations. We further demonstrated that combinations of drugs, targeting each driver, cause potent, synergistic, and cell-specific cell killing. Immunoblotting analysis of the effects of the individual drugs and drug combinations on the signaling pathways supports the above conclusion. These results support a multi-driver proliferation hypothesis for these triple negative breast cancer cells, and demonstrate the applicability of the biphasic mathematical model for identifying effective and synergistic targeted drug combinations for triple negative breast cancer cells.