bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postural correlates of pleasant landscapes visual perception
Authors: Akounach Mbarka , Lelard Thierry , Mouras Harold
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The interplay between motor skills and emotions in the brain represents a significant and longstanding research question. Recently, posturography has provided new insights into this subject. Understanding the biological processes that influence the appreciation of nature and landscapes is also a crucial concern, prompting various experimental methods and theoretical frameworks. This research aimed to propose, for the first time, the use of posturography to study the different ways postural control is modulated by visual perception of pleasant scenes.

Methods

A total of 37 participants (27 females, 10 males; mean age = 24 years ±5 years) were shown images of pleasant and neutral landscapes, while posturographic data were collected. Two viewing conditions were employed: passive vision and active vision, where participants were instructed to envision themselves in the presented scenes.

Results

The results indicated a differential modulation of the postural response based on valence factors (pleasant vs. neutral) and mental simulation (passive vs. active). Notably, significant differences in approach-avoidance behavior were observed approximately 7 s after the onset of stimulus viewing.

Discussion

The findings are discussed in relation to major theories in environmental psychology, highlighting the central role of emotional and embodiment processes in appreciating pleasant environmental scenes and related motor behaviors.
Systematic analysis and prediction of the burden of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias caused by hyperglycemia
Authors: He Dongying , Liu Manting , Tang Yujin , Tian Xiaona , Zhou Lisi , Chen Yizhen , Liu Xiaoxia
Published: February 2025

Background

Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (ADOD) pose a significant and escalating global public health challenge, particularly among the aging populations. Emerging evidence has identified high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) as a major modifiable risk factor for ADOD, linking impaired glucose metabolism to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Despite this association, the comprehensive impact of HFPG on the global burden of ADOD has not been fully elucidated. Understanding the extent to which HFPG contributes to ADOD is crucial for developing targeted interventions and optimizing healthcare resource allocation to address this growing concern.

Methods

Using Global Burden of Disease data (GBD 2021), we analyzed the global HFPG-related ADOD burden from 1990 to 2021 using an age-period-cohort framework and predicted trends for 2050. A Shiny platform was developed to visualize the disease burden and trends across 204 countries and regions.

Results

In 2021, approximately 15% of ADOD deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were attributed to HFPG, a 271.05% increase from 1990. The incidence rate rose from 47.07 to 66.42, indicating poor control. The mortality rate from HFPG-ADOD increased by 305.81%. The primary burden was among the 80–84 age group. Trends in ASDR and ASMR showed an increase across most SDI regions, except Low SDI. Decomposition analysis and the APC model indicated poor control in high SDI regions due to aging populations over the past 5 years. By 2050, the global prevalence is projected to reach 1,003,018.047 (26124.40377, 12114480.49), with 345,342.5738 (1431.57781, 6022119.213) males and 657,675.4731 (24692.82596, 6092361.28) females. The Shiny platform predicts a yearly increase in ASDR and ASMR for HFPG-ADOD in China, which is consistent with GBD platform trends. The platform is accessible at http://116.196.73.86:3838/GBD/HFPG-ADOD/.

Conclusion

The global burden of HFPG-related ADOD has been increasing, even in high SDI regions, over the past 5 years and is expected to continue rising until 2050. Implementing appropriate health policies to mitigate this trend could significantly reduce the substantial burden caused by HFPG-induced ADOD. Promoting the use of the Shiny prediction platform will contribute significantly to global healthy aging.
Needs of older adults in Kazakhstan: analysis and psychometric properties of the localized version of the EASYCare standard 2010 instrument
Authors: Kimatova Kerbez , Yermukhanova Lyudmila , Talarska Dorota , Dworacka Marzena , Sultanova Gulnar , Sarsenbayeva Gulzat , Bazargaliyev Yerlan , Aitmaganbet Perizat , Suwalska Aleksandra , Wieczorowska-Tobis Katarzyna , Philp Ian , Tobis Slawomir
Published: February 2025

Background

Studies about the needs of older individuals in Central Asia are very sparse. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the needs of older adults in Kazakhstan with the EASYCare Standard 2010 (EC) questionnaire.

Methods

The study involved 524 participants aged 65 and older from various regions in Kazakhstan. Data were collected by trained research staff, and the participants’ needs were examined using median split with the three summarizing indexes of the EC system (Independence score, Risk of breakdown in care, and Risk of falls).

Results

Subjects with primary education had approximately double odds of scoring above the median compared to those with higher education in Independence score (p < 0.01) and Risk of breakdown in care (p < 0.01). Individuals with primary education also had 60% higher odds of scoring above the Risk of falls scale threshold, indicating a risk in this category (p < 0.05). For the Risk of falls scores, financial situation was also significant; individuals having not enough to make ends meet had 75% higher odds than the remaining ones (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Our analysis highlights the importance of tailored interventions to address the unmet needs of the Kazakh population, particularly among those with lower education and those with financial concerns. The study also underscores the need for sustainable, comprehensive eldercare policies in Kazakhstan that account for the growing older population.
Symptomatic neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Qiaoer , Wu Weiqi , Wang Lu , Huang Honghong , Wang Lingxing
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Neurosyphilis does not necessarily involve progressive invasion from interstitial to parenchymal nerve tissue. Few studies have focused on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients with symptomatic neurosyphilis, and the clinical outcomes and factors influencing the outcomes are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the characteristics and clinical outcomes of interstitial and parenchymal neurosyphilis following treatment in HIV-negative patients with symptomatic neurosyphilis.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics, laboratory results, neuroimaging findings, treatment regimens, and outcomes at discharge of HIV-negative patients admitted to our hospital with symptomatic neurosyphilis between May 2013 and May 2023.

Results

Of the 142 patients, the mean age was 56.6 ± 11.4 years, with 111 (78.2%) being men. The predominant clinical manifestations included psychological disorders, cognitive decline, and cranial nerve disorders. Overall, 134 (94.4%) patients had elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell counts, 113 (79.6%) had elevated protein levels, and 22/133 (16.5%) had elevated intracranial pressure. During hospitalization 113 patients (87.6%) were treated with intravenous penicillin and 13 (10.1%) were treated with ceftriaxone. Furthermore, 62 (43.7%) and 80 (56.3%) patients had interstitial and parenchymal types of neurosyphilis, respectively. Patients with the parenchymal type were younger and had higher platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lower lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). Overall, 126 (88.7%) patients completed anti-syphilitic treatment prior to discharge, with 111 (88.1%) showing poor outcomes.

Discussion

An elevated CSF protein level and the parenchymal type were associated with poor outcome. This study revealed that clinical manifestations of neurosyphilis vary, and that the majority of patients had elevated CSF cell and protein levels and a normal intracranial pressure. The PLR was higher and the LMR was lower in the parenchymal type than in the interstitial type. Only a small proportion of patients had favorable outcomes. CSF protein level and parenchymal type may be risk factors for poor prognosis.
Facilitators and barriers to reach and enrollment into a medically tailored meals program within a section 1115 Medicaid pilot: clinic staff perspectives
Authors: Folta Sara C. , Burch Jessica , Alcusky Matthew , Ash Arlene S. , Hager Kurt , Terranova Jean , Zhang Fang Fang , Anyanwu Oyedolapo , Li Zhongyu , Mozaffarian Dariush
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Medically tailored meals (MTMs) are home-delivered, nutritionally tailored meals for individuals living with complex or advanced diet-sensitive medical conditions. In 2020, Massachusetts Medicaid implemented the Flexible Services Program (FSP) through a Section 1115 Demonstration, which funded novel nutrition programs, including MTMs, for high-risk patients through Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs). Little is known from the practitioners’ perspective regarding the facilitators and barriers to reaching and enrolling patients in MTM programs.

Methods

We interviewed 19 staff across four ACOs that had implemented MTM interventions. Interviews were conducted from Feb to Aug 2023 and included staff who participated in patient screening, referral, or enrollment. The interview guide was informed by the Health Equity Implementation Framework. Interviews were recorded and transcribed and coded using NVivo software. We used directed qualitative content analyses. The study team identified and discussed common themes and presented them back to our ACO partners.

Results

Staff described facilitators of and barriers to reach and enrollment related to several domains of the Health Equity Implementation Framework. For program (innovation) factors, facilitators included perceived positive effects on patient health outcomes and a relative advantage over both the status quo and other nutrition assistance programs; outreach by care team members rather than other staff; the eligibility criteria, which were viewed as appropriate and evidence-based; and the simplicity of the program, which aided communication with patients. Patient-related facilitators included patients being more in need of the program due to more severe illness and being more motivated to change dietary behaviors. Patient-related barriers included lacking a working phone or stable housing and concern about meals meeting taste and cultural food preferences. Staff-related barriers included limited time and especially knowledge about the MTM program.

Discussion

This study highlights the perspectives of front-line staff during the implementation of an MTM program in a state-wide 1,115 Demonstration. Staff may require multiple trainings to gain full knowledge about the program and increase self-efficacy in describing it with sensitivity. These new findings elevate voices from front-line healthcare staff in MTM delivery and can help inform strategies for effective, equitable implementation of MTM programs.
Evaluation of China’s fertility policy based on PMC modeling
Authors: Chen Jie , Gao Yan , Wang Xi
Published: February 2025

Background

The fertility level has declined to below replacement level in many countries. Hence, evaluating the fertility policies is crucial for policy intervention to achieve sustainable development. However, research on assessing fertility policies remains limited.

Objective/methodology

This study introduces a Policy Maturity and Consistency (PMC) index model based on text mining techniques to analyze 22 fertility policy documents. The analysis model aims to identify policy deficiencies and provide actionable insights for improving future policy frameworks.

Results

Our study shows that, despite a comprehensive design and high consistency, significant gaps remain in areas such as policy objectives and thematic focus. Specific recommendations are proposed to enhance policy effectiveness, including fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration, integrating economic and policy-based support mechanisms, and promoting a shift in reproductive culture.
Health data sharing in Germany: individual preconditions, trust and motives
Authors: Kühnel Elias , Wilke Felix
Published: February 2025

Objective

The use of health data plays an important role in medical research. In Germany, the secondary use of health data is not yet as established as in other countries. In order to exploit the full potential of using health data, a key prerequisite is that a large part of the population is willing to share their health data. The aim of this study is to identify attitudes and factors that influence citizens’ willingness to share personal health data for medical research purposes.

Methods

A standardized cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted among the German population aged 18 and above. The representative survey of a total of 1,004 people took place from December 7th to 21th, 2023. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to identify potential factors influencing the willingness to share health data.

Results

Around 43% of respondents are willing to share their health data with public research institutions, while around 17% are still undecided. The population, however, is particularly skeptical about data being shared with commercial companies. Less than a quarter of respondents (23%) would share their data with small and medium-sized enterprises and only 15 percent with technology companies. Regarding the factors influencing the willingness to share data with research institutions, three overarching factors can be named: (1) individual characteristics, in particular the level of education and technical competence, (2) individual motives, such as altruism as well as worries and concerns regarding health data sharing, and (3) trust in institutions, especially trust in science and technology companies.

Discussion and conclusion

Although the study shows a general openness towards sharing health data and underlines the importance of altruistic motives, social inequalities and concerns about health data sharing are also evident. Trust plays a particularly important role here, as it acts as a mediator between individual preconditions and individual motives. In order to exploit the full potential of secondary data use in medical research, comprehensive information of the public about data sharing and use as well as transparent and open communication are required to strengthen trust in the actors involved and the data sharing process.
Deep learning in gonarthrosis classification: a comparative study of model architectures and single vs. multi-model methods
Authors: Yayli Sahika Betul , Kılıç Kutay , Beyaz Salih
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to classify Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) osteoarthritis stages using knee anteroposterior X-ray images by comparing two deep learning (DL) methodologies: a traditional single-model approach and a proposed multi-model approach. We addressed three core research questions in this study: (1) How effective are single-model and multi-model deep learning approaches in classifying KL stages? (2) How do seven convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures perform across four distinct deep learning tasks? (3) What is the impact of CLAHE (Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization) on classification performance?

Approach

We created a dataset of 14,607 annotated knee AP X-rays from three hospitals. The knee joint region was isolated using a YOLOv5 object detection model. The multi-model approach utilized three DL models: one for osteophyte detection, another for joint space narrowing analysis, and a third to combine these outputs with demographic and image data for KL classification. The single-model approach directly classified KL stages as a benchmark. Seven CNN architectures (NfNet-F0/F1, EfficientNet-B0/B3, Inception-ResNet-v2, VGG16) were trained with and without CLAHE augmentation.

Results

The single-model approach achieved an F1-score of 0.763 and accuracy of 0.767, outperforming the multi-model strategy, which scored 0.736 and 0.740. Different models performed best across tasks, underscoring the need for task-specific architecture selection. CLAHE negatively impacted most models, with only one showing a marginal improvement of 0.3%.

Conclusion

The single-model approach was more effective for KL grading, surpassing metrics in existing literature. These findings emphasize the importance of task-specific architectures and preprocessing. Future studies should explore ensemble modeling, advanced augmentations, and clinical validation to enhance applicability.
Does prism adaptation treatment reduce spatial neglect and improve function?
Authors: Chen Peii , Hreha Kimberly , MacPhee Catrina , Salter Amber , Eskes Gail A.
Published: February 2025

The potential of using prism adaptation for treating spatial neglect (SN) was questioned when recent meta-analyses found inconsistent evidence. However, analyses of clinical datasets support the use of prism adaptation treatment (PAT) in reducing SN and improving function. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the current state of the evidence of PAT therapeutic effects, identify knowledge gaps, and make suggestions to guide further research and support clinical decision-making. We used the framework of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stage Model for Behavioral Intervention Development which provides guidance on best practices for developing effective behavioral interventions that can be implemented in real-world settings. This model emphasizes the interplay between mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects (“who” should receive the treatment and “how” best does it work?) and considerations of adaptability and feasibility in real-world settings. The present critical review led to the following conclusion: the use of the NIH Stage Model reveals the heterogeneity of PAT studies and challenges in advancing PAT as an effective intervention. The key mechanisms such as prism strength, treatment intensity, arm visibility and activities during treatment, and evaluation methods lack consensus. Therefore, clinical research teams must continue to collect evidence to determine critical mechanisms and the optimal protocol. Further research identifying the optimal PAT protocol is needed before another meta-analysis on PAT's clinical efficacy should be conducted again.
Autonomous robotic ultrasound scanning system: a key to enhancing image analysis reproducibility and observer consistency in ultrasound imaging
Authors: Lin Xin-Xin , Li Ming-De , Ruan Si-Min , Ke Wei-Ping , Zhang Hao-Ruo , Huang Hui , Wu Shao-Hong , Cheng Mei-Qing , Tong Wen-Juan , Hu Hang-Tong , He Dan-Ni , Lu Rui-Fang , Lin Ya-Dan , Kuang Ming , Lu Ming-De , Chen Li-Da , Huang Qing-Hua , Wang Wei
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to develop an autonomous robotic ultrasound scanning system (auto-RUSS) pipeline, comparing its reproducibility and observer consistency in image analysis with physicians of varying levels of expertise.

Design/methodology/approach

An auto-RUSS was engineered using a 7-degree-of-freedom robotic arm, with real-time regulation based on force control and ultrasound visual servoing. Two phantoms were employed for the human-machine comparative experiment, involving three groups: auto-RUSS, non-expert (4 junior physicians), and expert (4 senior physicians). This setup enabled comprehensive assessment of reproducibility in contact force, image acquisition, image measurement and AI-assisted classification. Radiological feature variability was measured using the coefficient of variation (COV), while performance and reproducibility assessments utilized mean and standard deviation (SD).

Findings

The auto-RUSS had the potential to reduce operator-dependent variability in ultrasound examinations, offering enhanced repeatability and consistency across multiple dimensions including probe contact force, images acquisition, image measurement, and diagnostic model performance.

Originality/value

In this paper, an autonomous robotic ultrasound scanning system (auto-RUSS) pipeline was proposed. Through comprehensive human-machine comparison experiments, the auto-RUSS was shown to effectively improve the reproducibility of ultrasound images and minimize human-induced variability.
Tackling somatic DNA contamination in sperm epigenetic studies
Authors: Kumari Anamika , Singh Rajender
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Recent interest in sperm epigenetics has stemmed from its implication in sperm DNA quality, sperm fertility, environmental toxicity, and transgenerational inheritance. Sperm epigenetic data may be significantly affected by somatic DNA contamination, resulting in misleading conclusions. However, detecting and dealing with somatic DNA contamination in semen samples can be a challenging task.

Methods

In the present study, we worked out a detailed and robust plan to deal with somatic cell DNA contamination in sperm epigenetic studies in order to draw error-free scientific conclusions. Apart from incorporating simple quality checks, such as microscopic examination and somatic cell lysis buffer (SCLB) treatment, we compared the Infinium Human Methylation 450K BeadChip data for sperm and blood samples to identify the CpG sites that were highly methylated in blood samples in comparison to sperm, but were unrelated to infertility.

Results and discussion

The comparison of Infinium Human Methylation 450K BeadChip data for sperm and blood samples identified 9564 CpG sites that can be used as markers for analyzing somatic DNA contamination. We have put together a comprehensive plan including evaluation under a microscope, SCLB treatment, inclusion of CpG biomarkers for sample quality evaluation, and applying a 15% cut off at the time of data analysis to completely eliminate the influence of somatic DNA contamination in sperm epigenetic studies. We conclude that if this comprehensive plan is followed, the influence of somatic DNA contamination in sperm epigenetic studies can be completely eliminated.
Parasites: The Hidden Hitchhikers of Cephalopods
Authors: Marmolejo-Guzmán Linda Yacsiri Guadalupe , Castellanos-Martínez Sheila , Bennice Chelsea O. , Carlyle Warren K. , Aguirre-Macedo Ma. Leopoldina
Published: February 2025

Cephalopods (cuttlefish, squid, octopus, and nautilus) are remarkable marine creatures with extraordinary features like high intelligence, impressive camouflage abilities, blue blood, and three hearts. Yet, beneath the waves, they face a hidden threat from microscopic parasites. Parasites can wreak havoc on cephalopods, causing wounds that lead to infections, stomach aches that affect their appetite, and changes in their behavior. Luckily, cephalopods have a defense squad in their blood that battles these invaders. It is not all doom and gloom—parasites can help scientists uncover areas of the ocean where cephalopods travel and whether these areas are facing threats such as pollution and climate change. Scientists can examine the relationship between cephalopods and their parasites, helping cephalopods all over the world stay as healthy as possible. Dive into this thrilling underwater world, as we embark on an adventure to solve the mysteries of cephalopods and their secret hitchhikers.
The roles of urban agriculture to household food security: a case study in Kirkos sub-city, Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia
Authors: Alene Firew Dereje , Aga Merga Abdissa
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The main objective of the study was to explore the contribution of urban agriculture (UA) to the household food security of urban farmers in Addis Ababa, using Kirkos Subcity as a case study.

Methods

Both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were employed to ascertain and describe the characteristics of variables of interest. The data collection involved surveys and interviews with urban farmers.

Results

The study revealed that 48.2% of respondents were food secure, while 23.1% and 28.7% were mildly or moderately food insecure, respectively. Additionally, 33.8% of respondents believed that urban agriculture helped them meet their daily food needs, while the remaining respondents felt it was insufficient. Approximately 47.2% of respondents reported that UA helped them meet their food requirements year-round, whereas 22.6% said it was unable to cover their year-round needs. Most respondents indicated that their income increased due to engaging in urban agriculture. Furthermore, 72.3% of respondents had access to land resources for urban agriculture, while 27.7% did not have access to land. The ordinal logistic regression model indicated that age, family size, formal education, household head, monthly income, marital status, educational level, main income source, farming experience, land access, and market access were statistically significant predictors of household food security.

Discussion

The prevalence of food insecurity among urban households engaged in agriculture highlights the need for additional support and increased intensity of various types of urban agriculture. Policymakers should consider integrating urban agriculture into urban planning strategies to enhance food security and resilience in urban areas.
Innovation systems for emerging food technologies: evidence from the development of cultured proteins in Thailand
Authors: Eichhorst Waverly , Blaustein-Rejto Daniel , Shah Saloni , Smith Alex , Newton Peter
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Understanding how actors and institutions can support the adoption of novel technologies may help identify opportunities for stakeholders to accelerate transitions towards more sustainable production and consumption practices. Little is currently known about how emerging food technologies may be effectively supported in pre-market stages of development, especially in middle- and low-income countries with industrializing economies.

Methods

In this paper, we apply the theoretical framework of technological innovation systems to assess how actors, networks, and institutions are influencing the pre-market development of cultured protein (CP) technologies in Thailand. We used a mixed-methods approach that consisted of 1) a qualitative document review and 2) semi-structured interviews with 17 expert informants.

Results

We found that various actors have demonstrated preliminary engagement in the development of an innovation system for CP technologies in Thailand. However, technological diffusion will additionally require addressing a need for regulatory approval, manufacturing capacity, scientific and technical expertise, and consumer acceptance.

Discussion

Stronger evidence of the potential domestic benefits that CP production could bring to Thailand is a prerequisite for stakeholder engagement and mission alignment across sectors. In the near term, transnational coordination may be necessary to help overcome limitations in domestically available expertise. Our findings demonstrate the importance of a convergence in priorities for technological development and reveal a need for further research into how transnational linkages of innovation systems may help address national weaknesses by complementing resources and capabilities at the national level.
Recurrent patellar dislocation: treatments and challenges
Authors: Yang Fei , Chen Changshun , Chen Rongjin , Yang Chenhui , Xiao Hefang , Feng Zhiwei , Geng Bin , Xia Yayi
Published: February 2025

Recurrent Patellar Dislocation (RPD) is a common knee sports injury, mainly affecting pediatric and adolescent populations, posing a significant challenge in orthopedic clinical practice. Although a variety of treatments have been reported, and many of them have shown good initial results, there is a lack of long-term follow-up results. Each treatment method has its own unique characteristics and limitations, and there is no standardized and unified treatment plan. This article provides a comprehensive review of current treatments for RPD. We believe that regardless of the surgical method used, patellar dislocation should not occur at 0°–90° of postoperative knee flexion and extension, and the range of motion should not be limited. Our ultimate goal is to restore patellar stability and improve lower limb alignment, thereby restoring knee function as much as possible. In addition, future treatment options for RPD are also discussed. In the future, there should be more in-depth research on the risk factors and pathogenesis that lead to recurrent patellar dislocation, as well as more randomized controlled trials focusing on different treatment methods. A comprehensive understanding of these is crucial for implementing preventive measures and developing targeted treatment strategies. The goal of this narrative review is to offer clinicians a deeper understanding of RPD treatment, enhance clinical decision-making skills, and encourage personalized and efficient management of RPD treatment.
From colostomy creation to full enteral feeding in neonates with an anorectal malformation: evaluating the role of central venous access
Authors: Huijgen D. , Schokker-van Linschoten I. K. , Versteegh H. P. , Sloots C. E. J.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

After creating a colostomy in newborns with anorectal malformations (ARMs), reaching full enteral feeding may take longer than expected, resulting in an unanticipated period of starvation. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the postoperative course regarding enteral feeding tolerance and the necessity for a central venous access device (CVAD) after colostomy formation in newborns with ARMs.

Methods

The files of neonates with ARMs who underwent colostomy formation between January 2014 and August 2023 were reviewed. The primary outcome was the postoperative tolerance of enteral feeding. Secondary outcomes were the need for a CVAD and CVAD-related complications.

Results

Thirty-four neonates with an ARM underwent colostomy formation. Enteral feeding was initiated on median postoperative day two (IQR 1–2). Full enteral feeding was reached on median postoperative day six (IQR 4–8). In nine neonates (26.5%), it took more than seven postoperative days to reach full enteral feeding, of whom seven (77.8%) had one or more comorbidities that could affect neonatal feeding tolerance. A CVAD was placed in 17 neonates (50%), of whom four (23.5%) needed additional general anesthesia for its placement. There were one or more CVAD-related complications in seven of 17 (41.2%) neonates, mainly involving suspicion of mild catheter-related infections.

Conclusions

The majority of neonates undergoing colostomy formation for an ARM require more than five days to achieve full enteral feeding. It is recommended to bridge this period of inadequate feeding with either fluids or parenteral nutrition by inserting a CVAD during colostomy formation, particularly for those with comorbidities affecting neonatal feeding tolerance.
Evaluation of twin-arginine translocation substrate proteins as potential antigen candidates for serodiagnosis of brucellosis
Authors: Wu Yao , Yan Xin , Sun Mingjun , Guo Xiaohan , Li Jiaqi , Sun Xiangxiang , Liu Mengda , Zhang Haobo , Nan Wenlong , Shao Weixing , Wang Fangkun , Fan Xiaoxu , Sun Shufang
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Brucellosis, an infectious zoonotic disease caused by members of the genus Brucella, results in chronic multi-organ injury. Improving the specificity and sensitivity of serological methods for diagnosing brucellosis necessitates the development of novel diagnostic antigens. The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is responsible for transporting folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane and has been implicated in the virulence of Brucella. Three Tat substrate proteins—L,D-transpeptidase ErfK (A0577), linear amide C-N hydrolase YxeI (A1479), and thioesterase domain-containing protein EntF (B0249)—contribute significantly to Brucella virulence. However, the roles of these Tat substrate proteins in diagnosing brucellosis remain unclear.

Methods

In this study, ErfK, YxeI, and EntF were expressed in prokaryotic cells and utilized as diagnostic antigens. The clinical sera from bovines and sheep diagnosed with brucellosis were analyzed using indirect ELISA with these proteins.

Results

For bovine serum, the combined protein group (ErfK + YxeI + EntF) and YxeI demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy of 94.23% and 93.58%, respectively. Meanwhile, the combined protein group showed the strongest ability to detect Brucella in sheep serum, achieving an accuracy of 88.10%. Both the combined protein group and YxeI displayed no cross-reactivity with rabbit serum immunized against Yersinia enterocolitica O9, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Vibrio cholerae, Legionella, and Salmonella, indicating relatively good specificity.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that Tat substrate proteins serve as promising candidate antigens with significant potential value for the clinical diagnosis of brucellosis.
Existence of Pentatrichomonas hominis in Tibetan Antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii)
Authors: Liu Shuo , Li Jing-Hao , Qin Si-Yuan , Jiang Jing , Wang Zhen-Jun , Ma Tao , Zhu Jun-Hui , Geng Hong-Li , Yan Wei-Lan , Xue Nian-Yu , Tang Yan , Sun He-Ting
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Pentatrichomonas hominis is a conditional pathogen that parasitizes the intestines of vertebrates and has been detected in various wild animals. However, its infection rate in Tibetan antelopes has not been previously studied.

Methods

In this study, 503 fecal samples from Tibetan antelopes were analyzed to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of P. hominis.

Results

Results showed that 1.19% (6/503) of the samples tested positive, and although the prevalence was low, this finding underscores the importance of monitoring wild animals population as hosts of zoonotic pathogens. Additionally, the highest prevalence in Nima County (6.25%, 4/64), followed by Shenza County (2.44%, 2/82). No P. hominis was detected in samples from Shuanghu, Ruoqiang, Qiemo, and Qumarlêb Counties. Seasonally, the highest prevalence was recorded in autumn (1.42%, 6/423). Interestingly, P. hominis was only detected in 2020 (2%, 6/300), with no infections found in 2023 (0/50) or 2024 (0/153). Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis indicated that most islolates belonged to the CC1 genotype, with one representing a potential novel genotype.

Discussion

This is the first s to report the presence of P. hominis in Tibetan antelopes, revealing that Tibetan antelopes may be a potential transmitter of zoontic P. hominis. These findings offer new insights into its epidemiology and contribute valuable data for Tibetan antelope conservation efforts.
Partial unilateral ovarian torsion in a red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Authors: Vetere Alessandro , Gavezzoli Martina , Bel Lucia Victoria , Di Lecce Rosanna , Fumeo Martina , Bonazzi Mattia , Di Ianni Francesco
Published: February 2025

Follicular torsion occurs when only a group of ovarian follicles rotates around its own axis resulting in vascular compromise. To our knowledge, no previous reports have documented the occurrence of this condition in chelonians. A 14-year-old female Trachemys scripta was presented with inappetence and lethargy for approximately 2 weeks. Diagnostic tests, including complete blood work, radiography, and ultrasound, were performed. Radiographs showed no pathological changes, while blood tests showed mild heterophilia. Ultrasound revealed multiple, round, heterogeneous hyperechoic follicles and free anechoic fluid in the coelom. The color flow examination through the right pre-femoral fossa revealed the absence of blood flow in a group of follicles. A total body CT scan highlighted several rounded formations, four of which contained disomogeneus areas. Fluid with an air-fluid level and gas-filled areas were also noted in the coelomic cavity. A diagnosis of preovulatory follicular stasis and coelomitis was made, and a bilateral ovariosalpingectomy was performed endoscopically via the right prefemoral fossa after 24 h stabilization. There was a 360° torsion in a group of follicles, which appeared dark and had an increased consistency compared to adjacent follicles. Adhesions between the pathological follicles and surrounding tissue were observed. Bacteriological analysis of the coelomic fluid revealed the presence of Klebsiella spp. Histopathological examination of both ovaries showed coagulative necrosis, hemorrhage, congestion, and vascular thrombosis, along with a mixed inflammatory infiltrate. Post-surgical treatment with marbofloxacin and meloxicam resulted in significant clinical improvement. The animal was discharged 15 days after surgery, with a normal appetite.
Case report: Successful treatment of a thallium sulfate intoxication in a dog with use of Prussian blue
Authors: McDermott Fergal M. , Kan Anne A. , Hunault Claudine C. , Robben Joris H. , de Lange Dylan W. , Dijkman Marieke A.
Published: February 2025

Soluble thallium salts are highly toxic, with mortality rates exceeding 70% in animals compared to 6%−15% in humans. Early identification of thallium intoxicated patients and decreasing the toxic load by targeted treatment using Prussian Blue are associated with a better outcome in humans. Prussian blue, however, is rarely available or used in veterinary settings. Here we present a rare report of the successful use of Prussian Blue in the management of a dog with a thallium intoxication. A 5-year-old miniature Schnauzer, ingested a thallium sulfate based rodenticide leading to lethargy, anorexia, regurgitation, abdominal pain, borborygmi, constipation, ataxia, dermatitis and progressive alopecia. Intervention involved supportive care with subcutaneous fluids, carprofen, butylscopolamine and dexamethasone in combination with targeted treatment using the chelating agent Prussian blue (15 days) followed by activated charcoal (4 days). The serum thallium concentration on the 5th day of the Prussian Blue treatment was 196 mcg/L confirming thallium intoxication. The serum thallium concentrations were 20.7 mcg/L and 21.5 mcg/L on days 14 and 34 of treatment, respectively. The calculated elimination half-life during the during PB treatment was 2.8 days. The patient showed gradual improvement over several weeks, achieving full recovery at 11 weeks. This case emphasizes the importance of a timely diagnosis and the early start of targeted therapy using Prussian blue, in the management of thallium intoxication in veterinary patients.
Characteristics of the smallest brucellaphage with strong lytic ability
Authors: Liu Hongbaiyu , Zhong Youhong , Zhang Zhihong , Xu Kehong , Mao Chunpeng , Yang Qiuju , Yang Lihua , Yu Binbin , Long Ying , Qin Xinyu , Shi Liyuan , Chang Sheng , Shen Yuanying , Wang Peng
Published: February 2025

Brucellosis is a globally prevalent zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. posing significant threats to animal and human health. In this study, a novel lytic brucellaphage designated Y17 was isolated from sheep fecal samples collected in Ludian County, Yunnan Province, China. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Y17 was composed of an icosahedral head (48.1 ± 2 nm) and a short tail (10.8 ± 1 nm), making it the smallest brucellaphage described so far. The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) for phage Y17 is 0.001, with a burst size of ~187 PFU/cell, the largest value reported for any brucellaphage, and it has a relatively short latent period. It exhibits broad pH and temperature stability, retaining activity even after 1 h of exposure to ultraviolet radiation and various ethanol concentrations. Y17 shows strong lytic activity against Brucella abortus and can also infect some Brucella melitensis strains. The Y17 genome spans 38,025 bp with a GC content of 48.2%, making it the smallest genome among brucellaphages to date. It lacks virulence, antibiotic resistance, or lysogenic genes, indicating its potential as a safe biocontrol agent. Whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis reveals high homology across all lytic brucellaphages, but Y17 exhibits relatively lower genome coverage compared to other lytic brucellaphages. Genomic collinearity comparison revealed that Y17 lacks some terminal fragments present in the genomes of other lytic brucellaphages. Furthermore, compared to brucellaphages with genomes larger than 40 kb, Y17 also lacks segments corresponding to ORF21 (amidase), ORF28 (hypothetical protein), and ORF29 (carbohydrate-binding protein). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Y17 is closely related to phages Iz, Bk2, S708, Wb, R/C, Pr, and Bk. Moreover, the capsid gene shows significantly higher conservation in comparison with the tail collar and amidase genes. This study significantly enriches the brucellaphage database and highlights the potential of Y17 as a biocontrol agent for managing brucellosis in endemic regions.
Establishment of an indirect ELISA method for detecting bovine coronavirus antibodies based on N protein
Authors: Liu Qiang , Niu Xiaoxia , Jiang Lingling , Zhang Gang , Wang Pu , Zhang Sinong , Gao Weifeng , Guo Huichen , Wang Yujiong , Li Yong
Published: February 2025

Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) is a significant pathogen responsible for neonatal calf diarrhea, winter dysentery in adult cattle, and bovine respiratory diseases. Infection with the virus can result in hemorrhagic diarrhea, decreased milk production, and potentially fatal outcomes in cattle, leading to considerable economic repercussions for the cattle industry. Efficient management of BCoV relies on swift and precise detection techniques. CHO cells were utilized to express a secreted recombinant nucleocapsid protein (N), whereby rabbit polyclonal antibodies (pAb) were generated through immunization. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on N protein was established for the detection of BCoV antibodies. Reaction conditions were optimized using a checkerboard approach, with the optimal antigen concentration at 1.25 μg/mL and the optimal antibody dilution at 1:200, the cutoff value distinguishing negative and positive serum samples was 0.986. The sensitivity test indicated that this rabbit pAb had a maximum dilution of 218 within the assay range, did not cross-react with BHV-1, BVDV, BRV, and BRSV positive serum samples, and shown great specificity. The developed iELISA method and commercial kit were used to test 58 bovine serum samples, and the concordance rate was 94.83%. In summary, we have developed a cost-efficient and precise iELISA method based on N protein that serves as a useful diagnostic tool for BCoV in clinical samples and epidemiological research.
Case report: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasal cavity in a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Authors: Vengušt Gorazd , Vengušt Diana Žele , Cantile Carlo , Gombač Mitja , Tekavec Kristina , Švara Tanja
Published: February 2025

Neuroendocrine tumors of the nasal cavity are rare in both animals and humans. This report describes the macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a neuroendocrine tumor in a three-year-old female roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) that was shot due to a facial deformity caused by an oval, firm, exophytic lesion effacing the left frontal and parietal regions. Longitudinal sectioning of the skull revealed a nasal cavity tumor that had invaded the cribriform plate, the rostral bones of the skull, the rostral aspect of the cranial cavity and the frontal sinuses and extended through the lacrimal, sphenoid and zygomatic bones into the subcutaneous tissue. Histopathologically, the tumor consisted of neoplastic cells forming sheets, nests, trabecular and cribriform structures separated by a delicate fibrovascular stroma. Mitoses were rare. Based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, a neuroendocrine carcinoma was diagnosed. Based on thorough database searches, this is the first known case of a nasal neuroendocrine carcinoma in a roe deer.
Characterizing the Full Climate Impact of Individual Real-World Flights Using a Linear Temperature Response Model
Authors: Awde Mohamed , Stuart Charles
Published: February 2025

Aviation’s non-CO2 effects account for approximately 66% of the sector’s Effective Radiative Forcing (ERF). However, non-CO2 emissions and their climate effects are particularly challenging to assess due to the number of variables involved. This research provides a framework for characterizing the full climate impact of individual real-world flights in terms of global surface temperature change (ΔT) with the aid of a validated CFM56-7B26/3 engine model and spatially and temporally resolved meteorological data. Different modelling methods were used to evaluate NOx and soot emissions and the relative differences between them were quantified, while a contrail formation model was implemented to quantify the distances travelled where persistent contrails were formed. The ΔT was evaluated over 77 years using a Linear Temperature Response Model (LTR). The results show that NOx-induced effects such as the increase in short-term ozone had the highest impact on ΔT in the first year of emissions, while CO2 was more detrimental to ΔT in the long term. Unlike the mid and long-range flights examined, the climb segment of the short-range flight had a more significant impact on ΔT than the cruise segment. ΔT sensitivity studies for different emission modelling methods showed differences up to 13% for NOx and 14% for soot.
Potential of New Plant Sources as Raw Materials for Obtaining Natural Pigments/Dyes
Authors: Melo Miranda Bruna , Vilela Junior Orlando , Santos Fernandes Sibele , Mendes Lemos Gabriela R. , Schwan Carla Luisa , Aliaño-González María José , Fernández Barbero Gerardo , Murowaniecki Otero Deborah
Published: February 2025

Natural dyes can be extracted from fruits, flowers, leaves, and roots. Exploring new sources of natural dyes, especially from underutilized plants, emerges as a promising strategy. The main advantages of exploiting unconventional plants include local availability, specialty food production, cultural significance, sustainable production, technological feasibility, and new fundamental insights. Finding and exploiting such underutilized plants is significant as unfavorable climatic and human conditions put natural vegetation at risk worldwide. Thus, this study aims to review plants with potential applications as natural dyes and pigments, highlighting their potential applications, benefits, and prospects. An integrative review was conducted by searching Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink for all studies published up to December 2024. For this review, a total of 133 references that presented the information and data of interest to the authors were selected. This review highlighted their potential applications in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and textile industries. Despite the growing interest in natural dyes, challenges related to their stability, seasonality, and extraction efficiency continue to limit their commercial use. However, advancements in extraction technologies have improved the applicability of these compounds. Additionally, utilizing underexplored plant sources presents a strategic opportunity to diversify dye production, reduce reliance on traditional sources, and promote more sustainable practices.