bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of Gaps in Self-gravitating Debris Disks by Secular Resonance in a Single-planet System. I. A Simplified Model
Authors: Sefilian Antranik A. , Rafikov Roman R. , Wyatt Mark C.
Published: March 2021

Spatially resolved images of debris disks frequently reveal complex morphologies such as gaps, spirals, and warps. Most existing models for explaining such morphologies focus on the role of massive perturbers (i.e., planets, stellar companions), ignoring the gravitational effects of the disk itself. Here we investigate the secular interaction between an eccentric planet and a massive, external debris disk using a simple analytical model. Our framework accounts for both the gravitational coupling between the disk and the planet, as well as the disk self-gravity—with the limitation that it ignores the non-axisymmetric component of the disk (self-)gravity. We find generally that even when the disk is less massive than the planet, the system may feature secular resonances within the disk (contrary to what may be naively expected), where planetesimal eccentricities get significantly excited. Given this outcome, we propose that double-ringed debris disks, such as those around HD 107146 and HD 92945, could be the result of secular resonances with a yet-undetected planet interior to the disk. We characterize the dependence of the properties of the secular resonances (i.e., locations, timescales, and widths) on the planet and disk parameters, finding that the mechanism is robust provided the disk is massive enough. As an example, we apply our results to HD 107146 and find that this mechanism readily produces ∼20 au wide non-axisymmetric gaps. Our results may be used to set constraints on the total mass of double-ringed debris disks. We demonstrate this for HD 206893, for which we infer a disk mass of ≈170M
⊕ by considering perturbations from the known brown dwarf companion.
Visual Explanation of a Deep Learning Solar Flare Forecast Model and Its Relationship to Physical Parameters
Authors: Yi Kangwoo , Moon Yong-Jae , Lim Daye , Park Eunsu , Lee Harim
Published: March 2021

In this study, we present a visual explanation of a deep learning solar flare forecast model and its relationship to physical parameters of solar active regions (ARs). For this, we use full-disk magnetograms at 00:00 UT from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Michelson Doppler Imager and the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, physical parameters from the Space-weather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP), and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite X-ray flare data. Our deep learning flare forecast model based on the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) predicts “Yes” or “No” for the daily occurrence of C-, M-, and X-class flares. We interpret the model using two CNN attribution methods (guided backpropagation and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping [Grad-CAM]) that provide quantitative information on explaining the model. We find that our deep learning flare forecasting model is intimately related to AR physical properties that have also been distinguished in previous studies as holding significant predictive ability. Major results of this study are as follows. First, we successfully apply our deep learning models to the forecast of daily solar flare occurrence with TSS = 0.65, without any preprocessing to extract features from data. Second, using the attribution methods, we find that the polarity inversion line is an important feature for the deep learning flare forecasting model. Third, the ARs with high Grad-CAM values produce more flares than those with low Grad-CAM values. Fourth, nine SHARP parameters such as total unsigned vertical current, total unsigned current helicity, total unsigned flux, and total photospheric magnetic free energy density are well correlated with Grad-CAM values.
The Encounter of the Parker Solar Probe and a Comet-like Object Near the Sun: Model Predictions and Measurements
Authors: He Jiansen , Cui Bo , Yang Liping , Hou Chuanpeng , Zhang Lei , Ip Wing-Huen , Jia Ying-Dong , Dong Chuanfei , Duan Die , Zong Qiugang , Bale Stuart D. , Pulupa Marc , Bonnell John W. , Dudok De Wit Thierry , Goetz Keith , Harvey Peter R. , MacDowall Robert J. , Malaspina David M.
Published: March 2021

The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) aims to explore the nascent solar wind close to the Sun. Meanwhile, PSP is also expected to encounter small objects like comets and asteroids. In this work, we survey the ephemerides to find the chance of a recent encounter and then model the interaction between released dusty plasmas and solar wind plasmas. On 2019 September 2, a comet-like object, the 322P/Solar and Heliosphere Observatory, just passed its perihelion flying to a heliocentric distance of 0.12 au and swept by PSP at a relative distance as close as 0.025 au. We present the dynamics of the dust particles released from 322P, forming a curved dust tail. Along the path of PSP in the simulated inner heliosphere, the states of plasma and magnetic field are sampled and illustrated, with the magnetic field sequences from simulation results being compared directly with the in situ measurements from PSP. Through the comparison, we suggest that 322P might be at a deficient activity level releasing limited dusty plasmas on its way to becoming a “rock comet.” We also present images of solar wind streamers as recorded by the Wide-field Imager for Solar Probe Plus, showing an indication of dust bombardment for the images superposed with messy trails. We observe from the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph that 322P was transiting from a dimming region to a relatively bright streamer during its perihelion passage, and perform a simulation to confirm that 322P was flying from relatively faster to slower solar wind streams, modifying the local plasma states of the streams.
Multiple Stellar Populations in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars of Galactic Globular Clusters
Authors: Lagioia E. P. , Milone A. P. , Marino A. F. , Tailo M. , Renzini A. , Carlos M. , Cordoni G. , Dondoglio E. , Jang S. , Karakas A. , Dotter A.
Published: March 2021

Multiple stellar populations (MPs) are a distinct characteristic of globular clusters (GCs). Their general properties have been widely studied among main-sequence, red giant branch (RGB), and horizontal branch (HB) stars, but a common framework is still missing at later evolutionary stages. We studied the MP phenomenon along the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) sequences in 58 GCs, observed with the Hubble Space Telescope in UV and optical filters. Using UV–optical color–magnitude diagrams, we selected the AGB members of each cluster and identified the AGB candidates of the metal-enhanced population in type II GCs. We studied the photometric properties of the AGB stars and compared them to theoretical models derived from synthetic spectral analysis. We observed the following features: (i) the spread of AGB stars in photometric indices sensitive to variations of light elements and helium is typically larger than that expected from photometric errors; (ii) the fraction of metal-enhanced stars in the AGB is lower than that in the RGB in most of the type II GCs; (iii) the fraction of 1G stars derived from the chromosome map of AGB stars in 15 GCs is larger than that of RGB stars; and (v) the AGB/HB frequency correlates with the average mass of the most helium-enriched population. These findings represent clear evidence of the presence of MPs along the AGB of Galactic GCs and indicate that a significant fraction of helium-enriched stars, which have lower mass in the HB, do not evolve to the AGB phase, leaving the HB sequence toward higher effective temperatures, as predicted by the AGB manqué scenario.
TESS Re-observes the Young Multi-planet System TOI-451: Refined Ephemeris and Activity Evolution
Authors: Barragán Oscar , Aigrain Suzanne , Gillen Edward , Gutiérrez-Canales Fernando
Published: March 2021

We present a new analysis of the light curve of the young planet-hosting star TOI 451 in the light of new observations from TESS Cycle 3. Our joint analysis of the transits of all three planets, using all available TESS data, results in an improved ephemeris for TOI 451 b and TOI 451 c, which will help to plan follow-up observations. The updated mid-transit times are BJD–2,457,000 = 

1410.9896

−
0.0029

+
0.0032

,

1411.7982

−
0.0020

+
0.0022

, and

1416.63407

−
0.00100

+
0.00096

for TOI 451 b, c, and d, respectively, and the periods are

1.8587028

−
10
e
−
06

+
08
e
−
06

,

9.192453

−
3.3
e
−
05

+
4.1
e
−
05

, and

16.364932

−
3.5
e
−
05

+
3.6
e
−
05

days. We also model the out-of-transit light curve using a Gaussian Process with a quasi-periodic kernel, and infer a change in the properties of the active regions on the surface of TOI 451 between TESS Cycles 1 and 3.
These are not the Stars You are Looking for: On the Detection of X-Ray Emission from HD 143352
Authors: Graber Sarah , Montez Rodolfo
Published: March 2021

As part of a search for X-ray emission from RV Tau variable stars, we discovered a serendipitous X-ray detection of the closest RV Tau variable star, HD 143352. X-rays were detected in the 0.2–2.0 keV energy band, with most counts detected in the 0.5–1.0 keV band. The emission is consistent with a 106 K plasma and L
X ∼ 2 × 1028 erg s−1. This would be the second RV Tau star detected in X-ray emission. However, after estimating the temperature (T
eff ∼ 6000 K) and bolometric luminosity (L
bol ∼ 4L
⊙) from the spectral energy distribution, we place HD 143352 on the main sequence. These stellar parameters suggest HD 143352 is neither an RV Tau variable nor a post-asymptotic giant branch star nor a super giant, but rather an early F-type main sequence star. The X-ray emission detected from HD 143352 is consistent with coronal-like emission with L
X/L
bol ∼ 10−6.
E+A Galaxy Candidates in and around the Leo Cluster
Authors: Quayum Rafid , Falcone Julia , Greenfield Spencer , Liu Charles
Published: March 2021

E+A galaxies are post-starburst galaxies that have undergone a recent, complete quenching of star formation. We have analyzed a color-constrained sample of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey within a 77.′5 radius of the center of the Leo cluster of galaxies (A1367; J2000 11:44:36.5 + 19:45:32) within 3000 km s−1 of Leo’s redshift of z = 0.022 to identify and survey the E+A galaxy candidates in the cluster. Within this sample, we classified 52 of these galaxies as E+A galaxy candidates based on their spectral shapes, u–r color, lack of Hα emission, and higher-order hydrogen Balmer absorption. We further subdivide this group into “blue” and “green” E+A candidates. Our results show that the E+A galaxy candidates are distributed across the northwest and southeast subclusters of Leo, possibly as a result of merging between the two subclusters.
Vitamin D Deficiency and its Effects on Tooth Structure and pulpal changes
Authors: Swapna Lingam Amara , Abdulsalam Rasheed
Published: March 2021

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that produced primarily by sunlight exposure or obtained from dietary sources, including supplements. The persons who are normally at risk of Vitamin D deficiency are those with scarce of sun exposure and diminished intestinal absorption or limited oral intake. Teeth are nothing but mineralized structure which is enclosed by alveolar bone and are developed by 3 different hard tissues such as dentin, enamel, and cementum. Vitamin D plays a predominant vital part in the tooth and bone mineralization, and it can result in rachitic tooth when the levels get unregulated. Studies suggest that Vitamin D deficiency causes hypocalcified dentin and delayed tooth eruption; thus, representing that Vitamin D has a crucial role in dentin formation as well. The beneficial effects of vitamin D on oral health are not only limited to the direct effects on the tooth mineralization but are also applied through ability to stimulate the production of anti-microbial peptides. In this article, we will briefly discuss the influence on Vitamin D level on the oral and pulpal health.
Cost Comparison of Emergency Cesarean Section in Indonesia: The impact of Australian Model of Diagnosis-related Groups as a Payment System for Patient Care in Hospitals
Authors: Rahmawati Sitti , Graber Mark A , Hakimi Mohammad , Multi Ali Ghufron , Bastian Indra , Rahman Nurulhuda
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: The cesarean section in Indonesia was higher, still worrying for women and babies’ health with pregnancy complications. It will have psychological effects such as trauma and stress during labor and its consequences on labor cost.
AIM: This study’s purpose was to determine the cost of cesarean delivery as a diagnosis of transition-related groups and the Australian-diagnosis-related groups (AR-DRGs) model’s impact.
METHODS: The research method is descriptive qualitative study. The 42 samples are pregnant women and that selected by purposive sampling. The data are collected from a secondary data source of medical record installations, observations, interview interviews, and focus group discussion with health professionals, nurses, doctors, and midwives. Data analysis is based on the activity-based costing system method. It includes cost treatment per disease diagnosis, cesarean section AR-DRG 370 method as a payment method for hospital treatment.
RESULTS: Determinants of cost differences in cesarean section surgery are based on AR-DRG 370 related to diabetes and eclampsia (complications and comorbidities) with relatively high-cost rates of O01A DRGs of US$ 2639 due to high-risk pregnancy complications. Complications of mild pregnancy (DRGO01D) with different categories of uterine rupture and sepsis have a low-cost average at the total cost of US$ 1251. Payment ability of an average of 42 respondents shows the costs category of DRGs O01A-DRGs O01D US$ 7088 or US$ 169, per patient and length of stay 4–6 days.
CONCLUSIONS: The impact of Australia’s AR-DRGs model of transition DRG prospective payment shows that the health system can improve the quality of professional services in hospitals and control costs, and labor costs are cheaply profitable for hospitals. The results are accurate and experienced to be applied in Indonesian hospitals.
The Implementation of Infant and Young Children Feeding Counseling
Authors: Faisal Elvyrah , Hafid Fahmi , Kusumawati Dwi Erma , Nasrul Nasrul , Jurana Jurana
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Counseling is an important part of successful infant and young child feeding (IYCF). Optimal IYCF is a key area for improving child survival and promoting healthy growth and development.
AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics and to provide an overview of the input, process, and output components of IYCF counseling in the Central Sulawesi stunting area.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This type of research is a semi-quantitative study which describes the knowledge and abilities of counselors. The population in this study were nutrition officers, midwives, and cadres who had received IYCF training and had followed the orientation of the IYCF module for at least 30 h in stunting focus locations. The sample in the study was counselors who received training in three subdistricts of Central of Sulawesi.
RESULTS: The informants were 14 IYCF counselors. All respondents were female, aged 22–48 years. The method of counseling is by the counselor visiting pregnant women/mothers of toddlers/caregivers directly and face to face. In general, inadequate counseling room facilities are the barrier faced by counselors. Training was only limited to orientation and there was no post-training monitoring. The activities carried out by the counselor are in the range of 70–86%. Benefit of giving counseling for IYCF is that mothers will know nutritional status of their children. IYCF increases knowledge about breastfeeding better than milk formulas, the right type and age of feeding. The training has referred to the module referring to the WHO/UNICEF module which is presented in 37 h of field lessons.
CONCLUSIONS: Counseling is an important part of successful IYCF. The method of counseling is by the counselor visiting pregnant women/mothers of toddlers/caregivers directly and face to face. Benefit of giving counseling for IYCF is that mothers will know nutritional status of their children.
Therapeutic Effect of 48 h after Nigella sativa Extract Administration on Female Wistar Rats Vaginal Candidiasis Model: An Experimental Study
Authors: Rusda Muhammad , Adenin Ichwanul , Siregar M. Fidel Ganis , Rambe Andrina Y. M. , Sudewo Yudha
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Candida albicans was the common causes of vulvovaginalis candidiasis (VVC) in human. To avoid complications, prompt and proper treatment of VVC must be performed. The pharmacological effects of Nigella sativa include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immune stimulation, and anti-cancer properties.
AIM: N. sativa has been shown to have an in vivo antifungal effect and the purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal and potential in vivo therapeutic effects.
METHODS: This research was an empirical study which evaluated the therapeutic effect of the vaginal candidiasis model of N. sativa in rats. The subjects were 28 rats inoculated with C. albicans and were divided into four groups: Control group (G1), fluconazole group (G2), N. sativa group (G3), and N. sativa and fluconazole group combinations (G4). The colony of C. albicans was assessed to determine the treatment’s therapeutic effect.
RESULTS: There was no difference in the number of colonies of C. albicans between all the pre-inoculation (p = 0.274) and post-inoculation (p = 0.323) classes. A substantial decrease in the number of C. albicans colonies within 48 h of treatment was observed between the three control group treatment forms (N. sativa group p = 0.046; fluconazole group p = 0.002; and N. sativa + fluconazole group p = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic effect of N. sativa has been achieved by reducing the number of colonies of C. albicans.
Review of the New World Notomicrus Sharp (Coleoptera, Noteridae) I: Circumscription of species groups and review of the josiahi group with description of a new species from Brazil
Authors: Baca Stephen M. , Short Andrew Edward Z.
Published: March 2021

The New World species of the minute aquatic beetle genus Notomicrus Sharp compose a much greater diversity than their Old World congeners, with 14 of the 17 known Notomicrus species occurring in the Neotropics. A recent phylogenetic study recovered four primary New World species groups and found that there are a number of undescribed species across all of these main lineages. Here, we provide a taxonomic key to these New World species groups, including two described species that we currently do not place in any group (“incertae sedis” species), complete with images and illustrations of diagnostic characters and taxonomic notes including a list of known species in each group. This work provides a scaffold for further planned taxonomic revisions within the genus. In addition, we review the first of the four New World groups, the josiahi species group and describe one new taxon, N. interstinctussp. nov. from northern Brazil. Provided are descriptions, habitus images and illustrations of diagnostic characters.
Leverage and performance: the case of the U.S. hospitality industry
Authors: García-Gómez Conrado Diego , Bilgin Mehmet Huseyin , Demir Ender , Díez-Esteban José María
Published: March 2021

This study analyzes the leverage and performance relationship in the context of the U.S. hospitality industry. We consider that, studying this traditional corporate finance issue in the context of the hospitality industry, is relevant due to its unique characteristics in terms of capital structure and value creation. In addition to Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Fixed-Random effects (FE-RE) estimations, we also employ System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) panel data techniques to avoid the endogeneity issue. Thus, using a sample of 313 U.S. hospitality firms for the period 2001–2018, our primary results are consistent with the pecking order theory, suggesting a negative relationship between leverage and firm performance. The findings are robust to alternative variables description and econometric techniques. We also find an inverted U-shape relationship, but given the high indebtedness of hospitality firms, the negative impact on firm performance is prevalent. Our contribution to the literature is double. First, we highlight the importance of analyzing the capital structure issue in a certain industry and, second, we provide important policy implications for managers and investors.
Beyond Discipline-Based Work-Integrated Learning Placements in Engineering and Science
Authors: Palmer Stuart , Young Karen
Published: March 2021

Drawing on the work-integrated learning (WIL) literature, particularly that which is STEM-related (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), and on the Australian census data, it was found that many Australian engineering and science graduates from Generation Y (and prior) work outside of their fields of study, and that many of them will have had to if they wished to work at all. For Generation Z (and beyond) students, it is proposed that a broader conception of WIL in science and engineering is needed if they are going to be adequately prepared for post-graduation employment. This chapter details a program example of how an out of field WIL placement, offered as an elective unit, can be implemented for engineering, science (and other contexts) without requiring major changes to existing curricula. This chapter also contributes to the very limited existing literature on out-of-field WIL.
Putting Industry Into WIL Teaching Praxis
Authors: Naqvi Jeff
Published: March 2021

A 2008 review identified the need for Australia to get more citizens into higher education. With this increase in participation, the student cohort began to diversify. Qualitative research showed that final-year students experienced anxiety and a lack of confidence towards their impending transition into professional practice. The WIL course in this case study encouraged students to view career management proactively, as more than generating professional sustenance, but to connect to individual values and working preferences. Students reported that the WIL course helped them gain confidence in their existing skillsets to approach the market. There is an evidence base that as graduates the ‘lifelong' career management benefits of the course continue to be valued. Considerations for WIL praxis include earlier adoption of work-based learning, leverage internal stakeholders to understand the student cohort, and educating academics on assessment design to enhance students' opportunity to learn.
Deportation as Deterrence?
Authors: Rosales William Estuardo , Dingeman Katie
Published: March 2021

This chapter interrogates the impacts of mass deportation for people recently removed from the U.S. to Mexico. It draws from a novel survey conducted in 2018 with 128 individuals at a migrant shelter in Nogales, Mexico to assess factors impacting intentions to re-migrate the U.S. after removal. Far from deportation preventing remigration to the U.S., the authors found most individuals planned to return to the U.S. at some point. The number of deportations a person experienced did not influence their future migratory plans. Rather, individuals were motivated to attempt another migration based on the location of their subjective belonging, family ties, and nature of their interactions with the U.S. legal system prior to deportation. These findings contribute to research suggesting that migratory decisions are socially embedded, opening up new areas for research on the impact of institutional processes on re-migration plans.
How to Reduce Recidivism
Authors: Wright Kevin A.
Published: March 2021

Nearly everyone sent to prison will one day return to the community. This means that understanding recidivism is of critical importance to members of that community. At the most basic level, recidivism can be defined as “the reversion of an individual to criminal behavior after he or she has been convicted of a prior offense, sentenced, and (presumably) corrected.” Recidivism therefore requires that some sort of involvement with the criminal justice system has taken place, and that then the individual again comes into contact with the system after additional transgressions. Recidivism, in other words, is officially detected, repeat unlawful behavior.
Teaching Prisoners' Rights to Prison Officers to Improve Professional Performance
Authors: Leonard Liam J. , Kenny Paula
Published: March 2021

This chapter is based on the experiences of both authors as part of a multi-disciplinary team of academics who brought changes to the prison system in the Republic of Ireland by leading an academic training program for recruit corrections officers in that country's prison system. The goal was to improve the professional performance of the corrections officers and to increase their understandings of the significance of human rights and prisoner's rights as a key part of their daily work practices. The award-winning recruit prison officer training program was the first of its kind globally.
A Holistic Approach to Transitional Justice for Afghanistan
Authors: Besmel Parwez
Published: March 2021

This chapter will examine the transition from war to a form of peace that embraces justice for all participants in the long running civil war in Afghanistan. The chapter examines the initiatives for peace and justice established by the Afghan government and incorporates a review of the relevant literature on this approach to transitional justice. Finally, the chapter will examine the author's concept about the potential for the truth and recondition commission combined with amnesty as a pathway to a successful transitional justice framework.
Foster Children and Deviance Risks After Emancipation
Authors: Strube Gianna M.
Published: March 2021

The subject of this chapter is how foster children may become at risk of displaying deviant behavior after emancipation from care. The chapter argues that there is a special need to provide for young people's legal protection and care after emancipation. The chapter then highlights the issues surrounding of foster children being abused and neglected, aging out of the system, and the programs offered as they overcome certain measures during their adolescent years. This research advocates for foster children in this category and outlines how their deviant behavior is perceived and defined and asks if this perception is just a stereotype. The research methodologies included interviews from those involved in the foster care system, in addition to literature and research from professional foster agencies.
A Review of Technologies in Emergency Medicine and Sophisticated Collective Decision-Making in the Era of the Fight Against the Pandemic
Authors: Kolostoumpis Georgios
Published: March 2021

For last decade, one of the most popular ideas in healthcare services increased computational power. In this global health crisis, several new diseases have emerged in different geographical areas with pathogens including Ebola, zika, and coronavirus. The authors promise emergency technologies to prevent the concerningly rapid spread of coronavirus disease in the era on fight against pandemic. However, a digital revolution and sophisticated clinical decision tools play a key role in the support of system in public health globally. Emphasis is on an innovation introduction by various advance technologies to achieve with a various issue linked to this viral pandemic. Regardless, future research could continue to explore how different innovative technologies and support systems are helping in the fight against pandemics such as coronavirus.
Remote Work, Sexual Harassment, and Worker Well-Being
Authors: Strenio Jacqueline , Roy Chowdhury Joyita
Published: March 2021

Workplace sexual harassment is a serious occupational hazard, adversely affecting workers' employment trajectories, economic well-being, and mental and physical health. Prior to COVID-19, it was widespread and primarily perpetrated by men against women, both in the physical workplace and physical and virtual public spaces associated with work. This chapter examines how the transition to remote work has effected changes in the prevalence and types of sexual harassment, paying attention to its gendered nature. Remote work holds both promise and peril. While exposure to physical harassment has fallen, information and communications technology has increased the risk of sexual harassment in virtual spaces. The cases of the United States and India are explored in more detail to compare worker experiences across the Global North and Global South, in countries with vastly different socioeconomic structures. This chapter contributes to the understanding of the benefits and challenges of remote work in combatting sexual harassment.
Engagement and Efficiency of Remote Higher Education
Authors: Venkatesan Madhavi
Published: March 2021

The suddenness of COVID-19 forced, literally overnight, a transformation in the higher education sector. Students and instructors were migrated to an online engagement and knowledge transfer process, which created unforeseen challenges to instruction and prompted the development of new delivery systems. Further, the transition merged private and academic life as home life converged with work and ultimately, albeit unintentionally, promoted a more human perspective through widespread use of video-based communication. This chapter will address how COVID-19 affected the teaching of Introductory Economics, highlighting a case study of a course offered at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts. The discussion addresses both positive and negative outcomes related to instruction and the role that COVID-19 has potentially had on teaching beyond the pandemic.
The Problem With Productivity
Authors: Kordowicz Maria
Published: March 2021

In this chapter, the author problematises and challenges the mantra of productivity as an occupational raison d'etre. She argues that equating an effective worker with their capacity for productive output over meaningful outcome undermines employee well-being and human-centred values. She explores the impact of neoliberalism on work and the individualisation of the worker and argues that productivity has gained the status of a value. Lastly, the author outlines a range of solutions in the second part of the chapter and explores the rise of recent socio-political movements which redefine rest and contemplative practices as tools of rebellion against the ruthless neoliberal push for productivity.
Building and Maintaining Trust in Virtual Teams
Authors: Hughes Colin , Saunders Mark N. K.
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread adoption of virtual teams (VTs), the prevalence of which had already been increasing steadily. However, studies show that VTs often fail to meet their potential, highlighting the centrality of trust to their success. While trust is important at the team member level and the focus of much of the extant research, it also underpins effective virtual leadership. Following a review of VT and trust literatures, research conducted within three global technology companies across Europe, Middle East, and Africa is used to provide insights into trust development in virtual leader-member dyads. These highlight leaders' behaviours that can both demonstrate their own trustworthiness to VT members and their trust of VT members. These behaviours are integrated into a framework for enabling high trust VT leadership which emphasises member-centricity.
The Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Byrne Tatjana E. , Martins de Oliveira Rosa Maria
Published: March 2021

The repercussions of months of social distancing have affected workers and their representatives. Nearly 25% of workers in Europe had never teleworked before the pandemic. The accelerated adoption of digital technologies and continued remote working required workers' representatives to adapt their ways of working, as well as reassess priorities. By examining three key questions—1) What forms of governance were used to respond to the challenges of the COVID-19 crisis? 2) What topics will gain in importance and which ones may become less important? 3) How will the post-COVID-19 world affect the organization and ways of working of representative bodies?—the authors argue that post-COVID-19 it is imperative to revise governance arrangements to enable representatives to remain effective as the workers' voice. Normative considerations combined with practitioner insights also lead the authors to conclude that the pandemic has the potential to trigger a paradigm shift in organizational participation.
Work, Family, and Identity
Authors: Lord Phil
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the existing transition to remote work and, more broadly, flexible forms of work. Much energy and attention have been dedicated to analysing this transition and how governments and other actors can best respond to it. This chapter takes a step back and analyses the potential impacts of the transition to remote work on our individual and collective identities. Recognising that work is an important part of who we are and has historically been a microcosm and a catalyst of broader social change, this chapter analyses how remote work challenges gender roles, contemporary family structures, and our conceptualisation of the relationship between work and other commitments. The chapter admittedly offers more questions than it does answers. It complexifies our understanding of remote work and seeks to spark future discussions as to its consequences.
Meaningful Assessment
Authors: Musial Diann L.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the chapter is to assist teachers to provide meaningful assessments that enable them to explain the results to learners, parents, and fellow educators and determine what learning activities are needed. Assessment is a complex term because it implies so many diverse ideas: tests, examinations, rubrics, grades, performance reports, and evaluations. Clearly, there is a need for teachers to clarify and determine which assessment approach fits the different learning goals that comprise the curriculum. The chapter opens with a challenge for readers to consider a variety of assessment metaphors based on current research and the views of different assessment specialists. The chapter then examines the different assessment approaches based on their contexts of the approach and also clarifies what each approach can and cannot provide. Selected response, constructed response, observations, interviews, authentic performances, projects, and portfolios are described in light of their contexts. The chapter ends with a reflection to determine a personal assessment metaphor.
Helping Early-Career General Education Teachers Understand Students With Special Needs
Authors: Epler Pam L.
Published: March 2021

This chapter will inform early-career general education teachers on a broad spectrum of special needs topics. The chapter begins with an overview of the history of special education and describes how many facets of special needs education—such as how to classify and how best to instruct special needs students—are still controversial. It then segues into a discussion of various educational service delivery models in which special education students can be educated depending on their needs. The chapter also identifies characteristics and learning traits of special needs students. Next, it presents a detailed section of specific instructional strategies that both general education and special education instructors will find useful to implement when teaching students with special needs. Finally, a brief overview discounting many of the myths about special education is presented.
Fostering Cross-Cultural Competence in Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Learners
Authors: Triggs Amy Denise
Published: March 2021

Student populations in Unites States schools have changed and continue to do so. Educators have had to adapt in order to be effective and equitable. Bilingual/immersion teachers, specifically, are experiencing difficulties in fostering cross-cultural competence. This creates myriad issues for students concerning diversity, cultural conflicts, and racial tensions. The purpose of this chapter is to provide context and a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of bilingual/immersion teachers. This will be accomplished by a thorough review of recent literature, an analysis of the discovered themes within the literature, and a discussion of practical recommendations to provide support to teachers, administrators, and district stakeholders.
Improving Teacher Professional Learning
Authors: Kelley Addie
Published: March 2021

This chapter examines the role of effective teacher professional learning as a support for early career teachers. It establishes the importance of teacher professional learning as a mechanism of increasing student achievement and investigates traditional professional development models' ineffectiveness. This chapter also includes a discussion of the merits of the cycle of inquiry model of teacher professional learning and explores the need to develop teachers as whole persons. The author identifies effective professional learning for teachers and asserts best practices for school administrators, district leaders, decision-makers, and other stakeholders to design and implement effective teacher professional learning that ultimately increases student achievement. This chapter concludes that cycles of inquiry that develop the whole teacher will enhance teacher professional learning and offer the greatest and most effective support for early career teachers.
The Need for Access
Authors: Williams Claire Copps
Published: March 2021

With the growth of the special education population and the advancement of technology and accessible instruments and devices, teachers require an understanding of both mandated and available tools to integrate them into the educational environment appropriately. This chapter examines three specific aspects of the accessibility process. First, it explores the need to provide assistive technology to students in all educational environments and the compounding issues that affect that access. Second, it discusses the principles and prevalence of AT in schools. Third, it describes instructional approaches and stakeholder responsibilities when incorporating AT into educational settings. With a grasp on AT and its components, as well as issues of access and equity, teachers can better serve all of their students.
Alternative Education
Authors: Donnelly Jamie Anne
Published: March 2021

Many students struggle with success in a traditional school settings. For that reason, alternative education programs exist to support these students through high school graduation and to post-secondary endeavors. Students in alternative education come from varying backgrounds and have differing needs; therefore, programs targeting these students need to meet each individual's needs. Students may have behavioral or emotional concerns, academic deficits, be pregnant or parenting teenagers, or have severe trauma backgrounds. Alternative education needs to focus on school culture, student engagement, academic interventions, behavioral interventions, and social-emotional learning. The ultimate goal of alternative education is to help all students succeed no matter their needs and ease their transition to a traditional school, post-secondary education, career, military, or other ventures. This chapter will outline alternative education and how to implement strategies in all settings.
Building a Safe Learning Environment by Remembering to Smile
Authors: Adkins Julie Nikiforos
Published: March 2021

This chapter provides the theoretical underpinnings that support the importance of a smile, social and emotional learning and its components, the benefits of integrating social and emotional learning skills within instruction, and specific classroom strategies. Early career teachers will have a solid understanding of each of the five components of social and emotional learning and how they can be effectively implemented into the classroom to develop the social and emotional needs of students required for learning to take place.
Theoretical Context of E-Banking for Digital Enterprise Transformation
Authors: Rehman Tansif Ur
Published: March 2021

E-banking offers an ever-alluring response to the pressures by its consumers for more products, services, and 24-hour access to accounts. Additionally, personal e-banking definitely made the banking process convenient as well as less time-consuming than ever before. Therefore, no more standing in the lines or using old check as well as stamp method to pay utility bills. Thus, facilitation has been extended in its true sense within the respective domain by banks across the globe. Digital enterprise transformation facilitates financial services organizations via enabling them to be more secure, compliant, as well as being digital. It modifies the experience of employees, partners, customers, and stakeholders. Theory and research both are important notions. Theory provides the basic structure of propositions and research provides the technique and method to fit the theory in a particular context. It also helps to bring modifications regarding the existing theories.
Share or Lose
Authors: Yagci Kamil , Efendi Mahmut , Akçay Sureyya
Published: March 2021

In addition to the development of social technology and the widespread use of the internet, the fact that people are getting used to sharing their goods and services has made the concept of sharing economy a popular issue. Sharing economy is “a potential new way for sustainability,” and it is noted that it would disrupt the unsustainable hyper-consumption practices directing capitalist economies. In this regard, the importance of sharing economy becomes prominent. In this study, first of all, basic information was given about sharing economy and then the concepts about how it made progress were introduced. In the next step, the definitions of sharing economy were given, the importance of sharing was mentioned, and then the products used in sharing economy were mentioned. In the following stage, the benefits of sharing economy to nature were addressed, and the weaknesses and dark sides of sharing economy were revealed. Finally, the impact of the sharing economy on the service sector was emphasized, and opinions were presented for future research on this subject.
The Business Transformation Enterprise Architecture Framework
Authors: Trad Antoine
Published: March 2021

This chapter's author based his cross-functional research on an authentic and proprietary mixed research method that is supported by intelligent neural networks combined with a heuristics motor, named the applied mathematical model (AMM). The proposed AMM base functions like the human empiric decision-making process that can be compared to the behaviour-driven development. The AMM is supported by many real-life cases of business and architecture transformation projects in the domain of intelligent strategic development and operations (iSDevOps) that is supported by the alignment of various standards and development strategies that biases the standard market development and operations (DevOps) procedures, which are Sisyphean tasks.
A New Bio-Inspired Method for Spam Image-Based Emails Filtering
Authors: Latreche Abdelkrim , Benyahia Kadda
Published: March 2021

Electronic mail has become one of the most popular and frequently used channels for personal and professional online communication. Despite its benefits, e-mail faces a major security problem, which is the daily reception of a large number of unsolicited electronic messages, known as “spam emails.” Today, most electronic mail systems have simple spam filtering mechanisms based on text spam filtering technologies. To circumvent these filters, spammers are introducing new techniques of embedding spam messages in the image attached to the mail. In this article, the authors propose a new method for spam image filtering. The proposed system can distinguish between legitimate images from spam images based on the texture characteristics of the image attached to an email. From each image, around 20 characteristics can be extracted from the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Then, to classify the images as spam or ham, the authors use a new metaheuristic nature-inspired model for building classifiers based on the social worker bees and enhanced nearest-centroid classification method.
A Secure Information Discovery Using Mobile Agents in Wireless Industry 4.0 Networks
Authors: Pavani Veluru Lakshmi , Kumar D. Pradeep
Published: March 2021

Industry 4.0 became the boon to secure information discovery. In most existing information discovery systems, mobile computing processes are complex due to their continuous query processing overhead to provide “right information at right time.” Even though many searching applications are there, they are unable to provide the accurate information when needed as the required objects are not being updated regularly. This paper intends to provide a process and Industry 4.0 architectures, which performs a secure information and discovery database through securing the users query. The paper also deals with the responses to the respective query made by monitor tracker agent. The research work secures the information discovery using mobile agents in wireless Industry 4.0 networks.
Functional limitation on elderly people in the northeast and the feminization of eld in urban and rural areas of Brazil
Authors: Soares Roberta Dayanny , Araújo Aíla Maropô
Published: March 2021

Population aging in Brazil increases on a large scale due to declining fertility and mortality. This phenomenon can be influenced by several factors (demographic, biological and social), making them determinants for the health conditions of the elderly populations residing in different geographic areas. The present study aims to identify the functional limitation in elderly residents of urban and rural areas of Brazil. This is a descriptive epidemiological study with a quantitative approach. It was evidenced that the functional limitation for activities of daily living   and instrumental activities of daily living are concentrated in the northeast region, mainly in the urban area. The following states presented the highest proportions of daily life activity limitation in urban areas: Alagoas (11.60%), Rio Grande do Norte (10.95%), Pernambuco (10.36%) and Paraíba (9.62%). For activities of daily living in the rural area were found in the states of Paraíba (12.19%), Maranhão (8.93%), Piauí (8.85%) and then Pernambuco (7.24%). Data from the functional limitation for instrumental activities of daily living again highlighted the Northeast region, with the states of Rio Grande do Norte (26.01%), Paraíba (25.96%), Maranhão (25.72%) and Alagoas (24.57%). Lastly, it was verified that the elderly woman exhibits greater proportions of functional limitation in relation to the elderly of the masculine sex, standing out again the northeastern region of the country.