bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Knee Kinematic Parameters Effectively Diagnose Knee Osteoarthritis and Assess Its Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Zeng Xiaolong , Zhu Ye , Xie Zhenyan , Zhong Guoqing , Huang Wenhan , Ma Limin , Zhang Yu , Mao Chuanbin
Published: March 2022

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a worldwide disease leading to knee function loss and disorders. However, traditional assessment by X‐ray cannot assess patients’ knee functions and disorders dynamically, making it impossible to achieve a direct functional assessment of KOA. To solve this problem, here it is shown that 3D knee gait parameters could be used to diagnose KOA and guide its therapeutic strategy through direct functional assessment. We employ a total of 1201 participants, and successfully build and validate diagnostic and predictive models for KOA diagnosis and therapeutic strategy using an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based method, logistic regression, a kind of interpretable machine learning. Four diagnostic models are successfully established including angular (AM), translational (TM), composite (CM), and ATCM (a parallel conjoint model of AM, TM, and CM) model with a Youden index of 0.7312, 0.6689, 0.8214, and 0.7492, respectively. The same AI‐based method is also used to develop medical decision classification (MDC) for predicting whether a KOA patient needs operative intervention or not. MDC has a Youden index, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.8886, 92.11%, and 96.75%, respectively. These findings contribute to new knowledge of knee kinematics and KOA diagnosis and represent a new approach to accurate KOA diagnosis and assessment.
Realizing Fast Synthesis of High‐Silica Zeolite Y with Remarkable Catalytic Performance
Authors: Zhu Dali , Wang Linying , Zhang Wenna , Fan Dong , Li Jinzhe , Cui Wenhao , Huang Shengjun , Xu Shutao , Tian Peng , Liu Zhongmin
Published: March 2022

High‐silica zeolite Y (FAU) plays a vital role in (petro)chemical industries. However, the slow nucleation and growth kinetics of the high‐silica FAU framework limit its direct synthesis and the improvement of framework SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (SAR). Here, a facile strategy is developed to realize the fast crystallization of high‐silica zeolite Y, which involves the combination of high crystallization temperature, ultra‐stable Y (USY) seeds and efficient organic‐structure directing agent (OSDA). The synthesis can be finished in 5–16 h at 160 °C and with tunable SAR up to 18.2, and the key factors affecting crystallization kinetics and phase purity are elucidated. Moreover, the crystallization process was monitored to reveal the fast crystal growth mechanism. The high‐silica products possess high (hydro)thermal stability and abundant strong acid sites, which endow them excellent catalytic cracking performance, obviously superior to commercial USY.
Influence of organic additives with electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups on insulation properties of cross‐linked polyethylene at high temperatures for HVDC cable applications
Authors: Shi Yiwen , Chen Xiangrong , Meng Fan‐Bo , Awais Muhammad , Hong Zelin , Paramane Ashish , Li Hao
Published: March 2022

This paper investigated the influence of three aromatic voltage stabilizers (4‐n‐propylbenzoic acid, 2‐methoxyphenylboronic acid, and 3‐aminobenzoylmethylamide) on insulating properties of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) at high temperatures for high voltage direct current (HVDC) applications. The XLPE blends containing 1 wt% voltage stabilizers were prepared through a solution‐blending method. The addition of voltage stabilizers suppressed the space charge inside the XLPE at high temperatures. The DC conductivity of XLPE and its blends increased with temperature. The DC conductivity of the XLPE blended with the 4‐n‐propylbenzoic acid was lowest at the different temperatures and electric fields. The DC breakdown strength of the tested materials continually decreased as the temperature increased. Notably, the DC breakdown strength of XLPE with the addition of 4‐n‐propylbenzoic acid and 3‐aminobenzoylmethylamide was higher than the reference XLPE at high temperatures. Moreover, the thermal stability of the XLPE remained unaffected after the voltage stabilizer's addition, whereas the thermal conductivity was improved. Quantum chemical calculations showed that the addition of voltage stabilizers with lower LUMO could effectively buffer the high‐energy electrons and improve the DC breakdown strength of the XLPE. A buffering mechanism of high‐energy electrons demonstrated the effect of the voltage stabilizers on the DC breakdown strength in the XLPE.
Culture and dreaming: A story of co‐creation
Authors: Fisher Charles P.
Published: March 2022

We are haunted by “ghosts” derived from the cultural history in which we are immersed. Many of these ghosts are deeply unconscious in a psychodynamic sense―repressed, disavowed, or denied. Experiences of triangulation, via prolonged emotional exposure to a different culture, may assist in gaining awareness of the presence of these ghosts. Cultural beliefs such as the nature of reality, causality, and time are fundamental for the developing child. These beliefs develop in a child through the very earliest identifications with primary caretakers. Hence, they form the fabric of reality for the child. Loewald makes a very similar point about the development of reality sense. Evidence for the child's primary identification with the mother as subject is presented in Trigant Burrow's writing nearly a century ago, and in contemporary writing about gender development in women and in men. Further support for the very early role of culture in promoting “learning from experience” is provided by Mark Solms who demonstrates the crucial role of “precision”―that is, the ability to assess the significance of each perception. Studies of the relationship between dream reality and waking reality for an indigenous people in the Amazon rainforest show that the very fabric of reality depends upon culture. In this paper, the author discusses ghosts from his own childhood and from recent American cultural history. As a Jewish child in America, he absorbed resonances of Eastern European pogroms, Holocaust history, and ancient Jewish slavery in Egypt, commemorated in the Passover Seder. As an American boy, he grew up with the legacies of racism, the enslavement of African–Americans, and genocidal attacks on indigenous peoples. These ghosts (and others) were simultaneously displayed, hidden in plain sight, and deeply repressed in cultural artifacts such as Edward Steichen's Family of Man photographic exhibition. Discussion of that exhibition illustrates the multiple ways that culture is constitutive of conscious, preconscious, and deeply unconscious mental life. In a variety of ways, psychoanalysis both helps and hinders exploration of cultural influences. To shed light on what is culturally repressed, and to triangulate the culture one grows up in, it's helpful to live in another culture for a while. Experiences with the Achuar people in the Amazon rainforest provide a lens for examining culture, reality, and dreaming.
Exciton–tryptophan coupling pulse behaviour along with corona formation, binding analysis, and interaction study of ZnO nanorod–serum albumin protein bioconjugate
Authors: Kumar Bhunia Amit , Jha Pradeep K. , Saha Satyajit
Published: March 2022

The bioconjugate of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) is investigated to explore the behaviour of the tryptophan (Trp)–exciton coupling and corona formation. The pulse like nature of the coupled system between Trp of BSA and exciton of ZnO NRs has been observed after analysis of the optical parameters such as refractive index, susceptibility, and optical dielectric constant. The time constant for tryptophan, exciton surface binding (t1) and reorganization (t2) are found to be (t1) 8 min, 7 min and (t2) 150 min, 114.5 min, respectively. The close proximity binding of BSA with ZnO NRs via tryptophan as well as exciton is responsible for bioconjugate formation. The aggregated structure of BSA is observed from small‐angle X‐ray scattering study in interaction with ZnO NRs. The change in secondary structure and tertiary deformation of the serum protein have been studied from Fourier transform infrared and emission quenching analyses. The number of binding sites (n) signified to the enhancement of the cooperative binding. The binding has been found to be endothermic and favoured using unfavourable positive enthalpy with a favourable entropy change from the result of the isothermal titration calorimetry.
Colorectal cancer screening preferences among physicians and individuals at average risk: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Heidenreich Sebastian , Finney Rutten Lila J. , Miller‐Wilson Lesley‐Ann , Jimenez‐Moreno Cecilia , Chua Gin Nie , Fisher Deborah A.
Published: March 2022

Background

Guidelines include several options for average‐risk colorectal cancer (CRC) screening that vary in aspects such as invasiveness, recommended frequency, and precision. Thus, patient and provider preferences can help identify an appropriate screening strategy. This study elicited CRC screening preferences of physicians and individuals at average risk for CRC (IAR).

Methods

IAR aged 45–75 years and licensed physicians (primary care or gastroenterology) completed an online discrete choice experiment (DCE). Participants were recruited from representative access panels in the US. Within the DCE, participants traded off preferences between screening type, screening frequency, true‐positive, true‐negative, and adenoma true positive (physicians only). A mixed logit model was used to obtain predicted choice probabilities for colonoscopy, multi‐target stool DNA (mt‐sDNA), fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and methylated septin 9 (mSEPT9) blood test.

Results

Preferences of IAR and physicians were affected by screening precision and screening type. IAR also valued more regular screening. Physicians preferred colonoscopy (96.8%) over mt‐sDNA (2.8%; p < 0.001), FIT (0.3%; p < 0.001) and mSEPT9 blood test (0.1%; p < 0.01). IAR preferred mt‐sDNA (38.8%) over colonoscopy (32.5%; p < 0.001), FIT (19.2%; p < 0.001), and mSEPT9 blood test (9.4%; p < 0.001). IAR naïve to screening preferred non‐invasive screening (p < 0.001), while the opposite was found for those who previously underwent colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.

Conclusions

While physicians overwhelmingly preferred colonoscopy, preferences of IAR were heterogenous, with mt‐sDNA being most frequently preferred on average. Offering choices in addition to colonoscopy could improve CRC screening uptake among IAR.

This study used a discrete choice experiment in the US to elicit preferences of physicians and individuals at average risk for colorectal cancer screening modalities and their characteristics.
Allosteric Probe Recognition Initiated Cascade Transcription Amplification for Sensitive Analysis of Exosomes
Authors: Lei Huabin , Ma Yaru , Zhang Hui , Cao Zenghui , Zhang Heng
Published: March 2022

Sensitive and accurate analysis of exosomes is important for many biological processes including as a biomarker for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) diagnosis and therapy. Herein, we established a sensitive and specific exosome detection approach based on target recognition initiated cascade signal amplification. In this method, an allosteric probe was designed with a hairpin structure for specific recognition of the exosome followed by signal amplification. After the cascade signal amplification process, spinach RNA sequences bind to DFHBI ((Z)‐4‐(3,5‐difluoro‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐1,2‐dimethyl‐1H‐imidazol‐5(4H)‐one) to produce enhanced fluorescence signal (approximate 2000 fold than that of inactive DFHBI). Compared with former proposed exosome detection techniques, this method exhibited a comparable detection range, but with an easy‐to‐design toolbox. Therefore, we believe that the proposed approach holds great potential for exosome based early diagnosis and prognosis of disease.
Rapid Advances of Versatile MXenes for Electrochemical Enzyme‐Based Biosensors, Immunosensors, and Nucleic Acid‐Based Biosensors
Authors: Yao Bo , Yao Jiantao , Fan Zhenqiang , Zhao Jianfeng , Zhang Kai , Huang Wei
Published: March 2022

Electrochemical biosensors have played an important role in clinical diagnostics, drug analysis, environmental monitoring, food safety, and other fields. Versatile two‐dimensional (2D) MXenes‐based nanomaterials, born with intrinsic peculiarities including high electrical conductivity, low toxicity, large specific surface area, and good biocompatibility, provide sufficient potential candidates for the construction of universal or specific electrochemical biosensors. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in 2D MXenes nanomaterials for constructing electrochemical enzyme‐based biosensors, immunosensors, and nucleic acid‐based biosensors in 2021, and then discussed the pertinent roles of corresponding 2D MXenes and carried out a comparison of the difference in the detection limit and detection range. Finally, challenges and future prospects of 2D MXenes‐based electrochemical biosensors are proposed and discussed.
SOLEDGE3X full vessel plasma simulations for computation of ITER first‐wall fluxes
Authors: Rivals Nicolas , Tamain Patrick , Marandet Yannick , Bonnin Xavier , Bufferand Hugo , Pitts Richard A. , Falchetto Gloria , Yang Hao , Ciraolo Guido
Published: March 2022

ITER Pre‐Fusion Power Operation 1 (PFPO‐1) phase low‐power plasmas are simulated with the SOLEDGE3X‐EIRENE code, a multi‐fluid edge plasma solver that can describe plasma conditions up to the machine's first wall, including a kinetic description of neutrals. Here, SOLEDGE3X is used in 2D mean‐field mode. A throughput scan is performed, reproducing a similar scan from the ITER SOLPS simulations database. The physics assumptions for these simulations are presented, in particular the plasma–neutral interaction model where molecule charge‐exchange and ion‐molecule elastic collisions have newly been added. Challenges encountered in such up‐to‐the‐wall simulations are discussed, along with remaining open questions. Results are presented with two foci: on targets, and on the rest of the first wall. On targets, conditions transition from attached to partially detached as expected, and toroidally symmetric heat fluxes (i.e. without 3D effects) remain below 5 MW/m2, within the divertor design limits. An increase in the parallel heat flux decay length λq with throughput is also observed. On the rest of the first wall, increasing puff rate does not only spread power deposited on the target but also increases heat load on the first wall. These fluxes remain however small (<100 kW/m2).
Repurposing of digoxin in pain and inflammation: An evidence‐based study
Authors: Patel Saraswati , Gururani Ritika , Jain Smita , Tripathi Neetika , Paliwal Swati , Paliwal Sarvesh , Paliwal Shailendra , Sharma Swapnil
Published: March 2022

In recent years, the drug repositioning strategy has gained considerable attention in the drug discovery process that involves establishing new therapeutic uses of already known drugs. In line with this, we have identified digoxin a cardiac glycoside, as a potent inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme employing in silico high throughput screening protocols and further confirmed using in vitro cell‐free sEH inhibitory assay and in vivo preclinical studies in rodents for its repurposing in hyperalgesia, inflammation, and related disorders. Oral administration of digoxin at dose 0.2 mg/kg significantly reduced (p < .0001) the allodynia in mice induced by using hot plate (3.6 ± 1.9) and tail‐flick test (7.58 ± 0.9). In addition, digoxin at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg showed marked reduction (94%, p < .0001) in acetic acid‐induced abdominal contraction in rats. Further, digoxin also demonstrated antipyretic activity (37.04 ± 0.2, p < .0001) and showed notable reduction (0.60 ± 0.06) in carrageenan‐induced paw edema in rats. Also, the histopathological evaluation revealed that digoxin treatment attenuated the edema, neutrophil infiltration, and alveolar septal thickening in lung tissue. These findings are novel and highlight the newer insights towards repurposing digoxin as a new lead in the treatment of hyperalgesia, inflammation, and related disorders.
Anorexia and bulimia in late antiquity and early Byzantine period in the eastern Mediterranean region
Authors: Tsagkaris Christos , Christopoulos Platon , Papadakis Marios , Trompoukis Constantinos
Published: March 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study is to identify clinical manifestations of eating disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region from the first century AD until the seventh century AD and evaluate relevant awareness among the physicians of the era.

Method

The authors searched original medical texts written in Greek by physicians practicing in the Eastern Mediterranean region from the first century AD to the seventh century AD. The search focused on passages that include possible references to clinical entities analogous to anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) as described in the DSM‐5 and the contemporary literature.

Results

Descriptions of conditions that resemble AN or BN can be found in the work of Galen, Oribasius, Aetius of Amida, Leon Philoumenos, Alexander Trallian, and Paul of Egina. Successive physicians confirmed the observations of their predecessors and add to the description of the clinical presentations and their etiology.

Discussion

This research provides evidence of awareness of presentations resembling currently defined eating disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region during a period with different norms and values. Observations from the period can serve as a point for reflection about the characteristics and etiology of AN and BN in the 21st century.
Madagascar Terrestrial Camera Survey Database 2021: A collation of protected forest camera surveys from 2007–2021
Authors: Wampole Erin M. , Gerber Brian D. , Farris Zach J. , Razafimahaimodison Jean Claude , Andrianarisoa Mahandry Hugues , Ralazampirenena Claude Jacquot , Wright Patricia C. , Rasamisoa C. Delaid , Gibson Dean , Tobler Mathias W. , Eppley Timothy M. , Vasey Natalie , Johnson Steig E. , Filla Caitlynn , Valenta Kim , Ross Patrick , Murphy Asia , Karpanty Sarah M. , Kelly Marcella J. , Anderson Cullen , Cardinal Claire , Donati Giuseppe , Razafy Prisca , Rafaliarison Radoniaina , Rasambainarivo Fidisoa , Razafindramanana Josia , Merson Samuel D. , Larney Eileen
Published: March 2022

Madagascar is a threatened global biodiversity hotspot and conservation priority, yet we lack broad‐scale surveys to assess biodiversity across space and time. To fill this gap, we collated camera trap surveys, capturing species occurrences within Madagascar into a single standardized database. This data set includes nine distinct protected areas of Madagascar and encompasses 13 subprojects, 38 camera arrays, and 1156 sampling units (independent camera site per survey) within two important biodiversity eco‐regions: western dry deciduous forest and eastern humid rainforest. Camera surveys were conducted from June 2007 to January 2021. The final data set includes 17 unique families of mammals (Bovidae, Canidae, Cheirogaleidae, Daubentoniidae, Equidae, Eupleridae, Felidae, Hominidae, Indriidae, Lemuridae, Lepilemuridae, Muridae, Nesomyidae, Pteropodidae, Soricidae, Suidae, Tenrecidae) comprising 45 species and 27 unique families of birds (Accipitridae, Acrocephalidae, Alcedinidae, Bernieridae, Brachypteraciidae, Caprimulgidae, Cisticolidae, Columbidae, Coraciidae, Corvidae, Cuculidae, Dicruridae, Mesitornithidae, Monarchidae, Motacillidae, Muscicapidae, Numididae, Phasianidae, Rallidae, Sarothruridae, Strigidae, Sturnidae, Sulidae, Threskiornithidae, Upupidae, Vangidae, Zosteropidae) comprising 58 species. Images were processed and verified by individual project data set creators and camera operation and species tables were then collated. The final product represents the first broad‐scale freely available standardized formal faunal database for Madagascar. Data are available through this publication and at DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5801806. These data will be useful for examining species‐level and community‐level trends in occurrence across space or time within Madagascar and globally, evaluating native and invasive species dynamics, and will aid in determining species conservation status and planning for at‐risk species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.
Biophysics Role and Biomimetic Culture Systems of ECM Stiffness in Cancer EMT
Authors: Tian Hao , Shi Hanhan , Yu Jie , Ge Shengfang , Ruan Jing
Published: March 2022

Oncological diseases have become the second leading cause of death from noncommunicable diseases worldwide and a major threat to human health. With the continuous progress in cancer research, the mechanical cues from the tumor microenvironment environment (TME) have been found to play an irreplaceable role in the progression of many cancers. As the main extracellular mechanical signal carrier, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness may influence cancer progression through biomechanical transduction to modify downstream gene expression, promote epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and regulate the stemness of cancer cells. EMT is an important mechanism that induces cancer cell metastasis and is closely influenced by ECM stiffness, either independently or in conjunction with other molecules. In this review, the unique role of ECM stiffness in EMT in different kinds of cancers is first summarized. By continually examining the significance of ECM stiffness in cancer progression, a biomimetic culture system based on 3D manufacturing and novel material technologies is developed to mimic ECM stiffness. The authors then look back on the novel development of the ECM stiffness biomimetic culture systems and finally provide new insights into ECM stiffness in cancer progression which can broaden the fields’ horizons with a view toward developing new cancer diagnosis methods and therapies.
Multisensory mental imagery of fatigue: Evidence from an fMRI study
Authors: Tomasino Barbara , Del Negro Ilaria , Garbo Riccardo , Gigli Gian Luigi , D'Agostini Serena , Valente Maria Rosaria
Published: March 2022

Functional imaging experimental designs measuring fatigue, defined as a subjective lack of physical and/or mental energy characterizing a wide range of neurologic conditions, are still under development. Nineteen right‐handed healthy subjects (9 M and 10 F, mean age 43.15 ± 8.34 years) were evaluated by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), asking them to perform explicit, first‐person, mental imagery of fatigue‐related multisensory sensations. Short sentences designed to assess the principal manifestations of fatigue from the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory were presented. Participants were asked to imagine the corresponding sensations (Sensory Imagery, SI). As a control, they had to imagine the visual scenes (Visual Imagery, VI) described in short phrases. The SI task (vs. VI task) differentially activated three areas: (i) the precuneus, which is involved in first‐person perspective taking; (ii) the left superior temporal sulcus, which is a multisensory integration area; and (iii) the left inferior frontal gyrus, known to be involved in mental imagery network. The SI fMRI task can be used to measure processing involved in mental imagery of fatigue‐related multisensory sensations.
Intraindividual associations between active social media use, exhaustion, and bedtime vary according to age—A longitudinal study across adolescence
Authors: Maksniemi Erika , Hietajärvi Lauri , Ketonen Elina E. , Lonka Kirsti , Puukko Kati , Salmela‐Aro Katariina
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The majority of adolescents engage with others online, and using social media is one of their top activities. However, there is little longitudinal evidence addressing whether active social media use is associated with study‐related emotional exhaustion or delayed bedtime at the individual level of development during adolescence.

Method

A 6‐year longitudinal survey study (N = 426, female, 65.7%) was conducted (2014–2019) in Finland when the participants were 13–19 years old. Utilizing a Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model, this study focused specifically on longitudinal within‐person effects.

Results

No clear patterns between increased active social media use, increased emotional exhaustion, and delayed bedtime were found; however, the associations varied across the years of adolescence: active social media use and delayed bedtime were only associated in early adolescence; active social media use and emotional exhaustion were associated in both middle and late adolescence.

Conclusions

Intraindividual relations between adolescents' reported active social media use, emotional exhaustion, and sleeping habits are small, inconsistent, and vary according to age. Therefore, future research should focus on additional longitudinal studies to examine the specific practices of social media use during the different developmental stages of at‐risk individuals.
Identifying nonhazardous substances in pharmaceutical manufacturing and setting default health‐based exposure limits (HBELs)
Authors: Wiesner Lisa , Araya Selene , Lovsin Barle Ester
Published: March 2022

Contract Development and Manufacturing Organizations (CDMOs) that manufacture large, diverse portfolio of chemical and pharmaceutical substances require pragmatic risk‐based decisions with respect to the safe carry‐over between different chemical entities, as well as for worker protection. Additionally, CDMOs may not have access to primary study data, or data are generally lacking for a specific substance. While pharmaceuticals require the establishment of health‐based exposure limits (HBELs) (e.g., occupational exposure limits [OELs] and permitted daily exposure [PDE] limits), the limits for nonhazardous substances could be set in a protective and pragmatic way by using default values, when internally required. Because there is no aligned definition provided by authorities, nor agreed default values for nonhazardous substances, we provide a decision tree in order to help qualified experts (such as qualified toxicologists) to identify the group of nonhazardous substances and to assign default HBEL values for specific routes of exposure. The nonhazardous substances discussed within this publication are part of the following subgroups: (I) inactive pharmaceutical ingredients, (II) pharmaceutical excipients or cosmetic ingredients, (III) substances Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS), and (IV) food ingredients, additives, and contact materials. The proposed default limit values are 1 mg/m3 for the OEL and 50 mg/day for the PDE oral and intravenous (IV) route.
Strain and shearwave sonoelastographic findings of quadriceps tendon in patients with chronic kidney disease. Are they reliable?
Authors: Gülseren Yıldız , Aslan Ahmet , Buz Ayşenur
Published: March 2022

Aim

In this study, we aimed to compare the strain (SE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) findings of the quadriceps tendons (QT) of the patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and healthy volunteers (HV), and estimate the reliability of the evaluations.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐nine HV and twenty‐seven patients with CKD were enrolled. All sonoelastographic examinations were performed separately by two observers. The QT thickness (QTT), SWE, and SE findings including the tissue elastic modulus (EM), shear wave velocity (SWV), and the elasticity patterns were obtained and compared. Interobserver agreement was evaluated to test the reliability of the findings.

Results

The QT in CKD patients is thinner than HV (p = 0.001 for both observers). The elasticity patterns of QT were mostly intermediate stiffness for both observers (p < 0.05 for both observers). The mean EM values in the patient group were significantly higher than HV for both observers (p < 0.05 for both observers). The mean SWVs were significantly higher in the patient group (p < 0.05 for both observers). SWV showed weak, significant, and negative correlations with the hemodialysis (HD) duration (p < 0.05 for both observers). The interobserver agreements were moderate to excellent for QTT, EM, SWS, and SE patterns (p < 0.01 for all parameters).

Conclusion

QTT and its elasticity are decreased in patients with CKD. The QTT and SE patterns may be the choice to determine the elasticity in CKD patients with good reliability values rather than SWE. But, there is still debate on the reliability of sonoelastographic findings, to ensure standardization of the factors affecting reliability, they should be well understood.
Conceptualizing stress associated with clinical experiences of Korean counseling repatriates
Authors: Kim Eunha , Bae Suyeon , Kim Jiwon
Published: March 2022

This study explored stress associated with clinical experiences of Korean counseling repatriates who returned to South Korea after obtaining their doctoral degree in the United States. Concept mapping revealed six major clusters of stressors: difficulties associated with language and communication, cultural differences between therapists and clients, clients’ attitudes toward and expectations regarding therapy, lack of ethical standards and licensure issues, hierarchical collectivistic working culture, and mental health system not being well‐established.
Discrimination, stress, and well‐being in the workplace: A comparison of Australian migrant and nonmigrant workers
Authors: Satyen Lata , Becerra Anggie Fajardo
Published: March 2022

Research on workplace discrimination and its effects among migrant workers in Australia is limited. This study examined perceived ethnic discrimination in the workplace, levels of occupational stress, and general well‐being across Australian migrant and nonmigrant workers with a nationally representative sample of 344 Australian migrant (32%) and nonmigrant (68%) workers. Results showed that migrant workers had higher scores on perceived discrimination and occupational stress, and lower scores on personal well‐being. These findings highlight the need to understand the experiences, risks, and needs of culturally diverse workers in Australia to improve their well‐being and provide them with culturally relevant support.
Gel electrophoresis/electroelution sorting fractionator combined with filter‐aided sample preparation for deep proteomic analysis
Authors: Ramos Yassel , Almeida Alexis , Carpio Jenis , Rodríguez‐Ulloa Arielis , Perera Yasser , González Luis J. , Wiśniewski Jacek R. , Besada Vladimir
Published: March 2022

Sample preparation and protein fractionation are important issues for proteomic studies. Protein extraction procedures strongly affect the performance of fractionation methods by provoking protein dispersion in several fractions. The most notable exception is the gel‐based electrophoretic protein fractionation due to its resolution and effectiveness of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a solubilizing agent, while its main limitation lies in the poor recovery of the gel‐trapped proteins. We created a fractionator device to separate complex mixture of proteins and peptides that is based on the continuous gel electrophoresis/electroelution sorting of these molecules. In an unsupervised process, complex mixtures of proteins or peptides are fractionated into the gel while separated fractions are simultaneously and sequentially electroeluted to the solution containing wells. The performance of the device was studied for protein fractionation in terms of reproducibility, protein recovery, and loading capacity. In a setup free of sodium dodecyl sulfate, complex peptide mixtures can also be fractionated. More than 11,700 proteins were identified in the whole‐cell lysate of the CaSki cell line by using the fractionator combined with the filter‐aided sample preparation method and mass spectrometry analysis. Fractionator‐based proteome characterization increased 1.7‐fold the number of identified proteins compared to the unfractionated sample analysis.
A Polyphenol‐Rich Diet Increases the Gut Microbiota Metabolite Indole 3‐Propionic Acid in Older Adults with Preserved Kidney Function
Authors: Peron Gregorio , Meroño Tomás , Gargari Giorgio , Hidalgo‐Liberona Nicole , Miñarro Antonio , Lozano Esteban Vegas , Castellano‐Escuder Pol , González‐Domínguez Raúl , del Bo' Cristian , Bernardi Stefano , Kroon Paul A. , Cherubini Antonio , Riso Patrizia , Guglielmetti Simone , Andrés‐Lacueva Cristina
Published: March 2022

Scope

Dietary polyphenols can alter the gut microbiota (GM) and promote the production of bioactive metabolites. Several indoles result of GM metabolism of dietary tryptophan have been associated with intestinal barrier integrity. Our aim is to study the changes in GM‐derived indoles during a polyphenol‐rich (PR) diet intervention in older adults.

Methods and Results

Randomized, controlled, crossover trial in adults ≥ 60 years living in a residential care facility during an 8‐week PR versus control diet (n = 51). Seven GM‐tryptophan metabolites are measured in serum, and metataxonomic analysis of GM is performed on fecal samples. Exploratory subgroup analyses are performed based on renal function (RF). The PR‐diet significantly increases serum indole 3‐propionic acid (IPA) in subjects with normal RF, but not in subjects with impaired RF. Other GM‐tryptophan metabolites are not affected. Comparison of baseline GM composition shows shifts in Bacteroidales order members as well as higher abundance of Clostridiales in participants with normal RF. During the trial, variations of IPA are associated with changes in C‐reactive protein (β = 0.32, p = 0.010) and GM, particularly with the Clostridiales (r = 0.35, p < 0.001) and Enterobacteriales (r = −0.15, p < 0.05) orders.

Conclusion

A PR diet increases the serum concentration of IPA in older adults with normal RF. Our findings may be important when defining appropriate dietary interventions for older adults.

Trial registration number: ISRCTN10214981 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN10214981).
Hypervalent iodine‐based initiators and efficient chain transfer agents for the synthesis of branched polymers from crosslinkers
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Sayala Kapil Dev , Tang Houliang , Tsarevsky Nicolay V
Published: March 2022

The synthesis of hyperbranched polymers with alkyl chloride‐type chain ends was accomplished by the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and a crosslinker, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, in the presence of 1‐chloro‐1,2‐benziodoxol‐3(1H)‐one (BIO‐Cl), which served as both a radical initiator and an efficient chain transfer agent. The polymerizations were carried out under thermal (80 °C) and photochemical (irradiation with visible light) conditions. As a result of the transfer of Cl atoms from BIO‐Cl to the propagating radicals, gelation was delayed to high monomer conversions and, until that point, soluble branched polymers were formed. Even pure crosslinker could be polymerized to moderate conversions (>15%, depending on the amount of added BIO‐Cl), yielding branched polymers prior to formation of networks. The effect of the concentrations of crosslinker and hypervalent iodine(III) compound on the outcome of the (co)polymerizations as well as the kinetic features of Cl transfer and decomposition of BIO‐Cl were studied in detail. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Communicating carabids: Engaging farmers to encourage uptake of integrated pest management
Authors: Jowett Kelly , Milne Alice E , Potts Simon G , Senapathi Deepa , Storkey Jonathan
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Natural enemy pest control is becoming more desirable as restrictions increase on pesticide use. Carabid beetles are proven agents of natural‐enemy pest control (NPC), controlling pests and weeds in crop areas. Agro‐ecological measures can be effective for boosting carabid abundance and associated NPC, but the benefits of specific interventions to production are seldom communicated to farmers. We explore pathways to improved NPC by engaging farmers and increasing knowledge about farm management practices (FMPs) beneficial to carabids using engagement materials. We used a questionnaire to measure awareness, beliefs and attitudes to carabids and analysed these within a framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), relative to a control group.

RESULTS

We found awareness of carabid predation to be associated with beliefs of pest and weed control efficacy. Within the framework of TPB, we found that current implementation of FMPs was higher if farmers perceived them to be both important for carabids and easy to implement. This was also true for future intention to implement, yet the perceived importance was influenced by engagement materials. Field margins/buffer strips and beetle banks (16% and 13% of responses) were the most favoured by farmers as interventions for carabids.

CONCLUSION

The TPB is a valuable tool with which to examine internal elements of farmer behaviour. In this study self‐selected participants were influenced by online engagement in a single intervention, proving this approach has the potential to change behaviour. Our results are evidence for the effectiveness of raising awareness of NPC to change attitudes and increase uptake of sustainable practices.
Model‐based meta‐analysis of salbutamol pharmacokinetics and practical implications for doping control
Authors: Courlet Perrine , Buclin Thierry , Biollaz Jérôme , Mazzoni Irene , Rabin Olivier , Guidi Monia
Published: March 2022

Salbutamol was included in the prohibited list of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) in 2004. Although systemic intake is banned, inhalation for asthma is permitted but with dosage restrictions. The WADA established a urinary concentration threshold to distinguish accordingly prohibited systemic self‐administration from therapeutic prescription by inhalation. This study aimed at evaluating the ability of the WADA threshold to differentiate salbutamol therapeutic use from violation of antidoping rules. Concentration‐time profile of salbutamol in plasma and its excretion in urine was characterized through a model‐based meta‐analysis of individual and aggregate data collected after administration of a large range of doses following different modes of administration and under a variety of conditions. The developed model adequately fitted salbutamol plasma and urine concentration‐time profiles of the 13 selected studies. Model‐based simulations confirmed that a wide range of salbutamol urine concentrations might be measured after drug intake. Although violation of the WADA Code can be strongly suspected in individuals showing very high salbutamol urine concentrations, uncertainty remains for values close to the WADA threshold as they can be compatible with both permitted therapeutic use and violation. Although not entirely discriminant, the current WADA rule is globally supported by our appraisal. It could be further improved by a slight and reasonable adjustment of inhaled daily dosages allowed for therapeutic use. Our model might help antidoping experts in the evaluation of suspected doping cases through confronting the athlete's urine measurements with their allegations about salbutamol treatment.
Coaching services can set students up for success
Authors: Hamblet Elizabeth C.
Published: March 2022

During the last few years, students’ executive functioning skills (and deficits) have received a lot of attention. Disability services offices aren't legally required to offer academic or executive functioning coaching, but you may want to.
Multiscale Engineering of Nanofiber‐Aerogel Composite Nanogenerator with Tunable Triboelectric Performance Based on Multifunctional Polysuccinimide
Authors: Kim Mirae , Choi Cholong , Lee Jin Pyo , Kim Jiyun , Cha Chaenyung
Published: March 2022

Multiscale polymer engineering, involving chemical modification to control their triboelectric polarities as well as physicomechanical modification to maximize charge transfer and structural durability, is paramount to developing a high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). This report introduces a highly efficient and comprehensive strategy to engineer high‐performance TENG based on multifunctional polysuccinimide (PSI). With the ability of PSI to undergo facile nucleophilic addition with amines, sodium sulfate and quaternary ammonium chlorides having opposite charged groups are conjugated to PSI in varying densities. The resulting Sulfo‐PSI and TMAC‐PSI, respectively, processed into nanofibrous films, demonstrate highly enhanced and variable triboelectric properties based on the charge type and density. To further enhance the mechanical toughness and biocompatibility necessary for wearable applications, these PSI nanofibers are processed into alginate aerogel (AG). The sustained triboelectric performance of this nanofiber‐AG TENG as a wearable energy harvester and biosensor is examined and validated in detail.
A gomphothere (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from the Quaternary of the Kashmir Valley, India
Authors: Parray Khursheed A. , Jukar Advait M. , Paul Abdul Qayoom , Ahmad Ishfaq , Patnaik Rajeev
Published: March 2022

The Kashmir Valley in northern India preserves a fossiliferous Plio‐Pleistocene sedimentary record extending in time almost 5 myr. These fluvio‐lacustrine sediments are commonly called the Karewas, and represent an ancient lake system with drainages derived from the Greater Himalayas and Pir Panjal Ranges. Although fossils have been known from this region for more than 150 years, the record is not as rich or taxonomically well resolved as the dense fossil record of the southern Siwalik Group. Here, we report the first specimen of a Quaternary gomphothere, cf. Sinomastodonsp. from the Kashmir Valley, along with new occurrences ofEquus cf. sivalensis. This is the youngest gomphothere known from the Indian Subcontinent, representing a group of proboscideans hitherto thought to have gone locally extinct at the end of the Pliocene.Sinomastodonis commonly found in eastern and southeast Asia, and its presence in the Kashmir Valley suggests robust dispersal routes from southeast Asia to the high Himalayas. The presence of this browsing proboscidean in the Pleistocene suggests a unique refugial forested intermontane ecosystem, similar to those found in southern China, different from the savannah ecosystems found in the Siwalik Group south of the mountains.
Quantifying the Foodscape for Stream‐Dwelling Cutthroat Trout Reveals Spatial and Temporal Ranges of Resource Exploitation and Energy Intake
Authors: Owens Hope W. , Keeley Ernest R.
Published: March 2022

Food availability is a primary factor limiting the abundance of wild populations, but quantifying it requires an understanding of when and where prey are vulnerable to predators. Salmonid fishes in streams are commonly thought to forage on drifting aquatic invertebrates during daylight hours. However, past studies also report benthic and nocturnal foraging despite the predominant view of salmonids as diurnal drift‐feeding predators. We used instream videography to assess foraging mode and energy intake for stream‐dwelling Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri. We recorded the foraging behavior of wild fish with a waterproof video camera and estimated energy intake based on fish size, foraging rate, retention rate, and caloric values of prey. Fish captured prey primarily from the water column and surface, targeting drifting invertebrates during daytime hours; however, they also foraged from the stream benthos and during nighttime. Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout foraging rate was most strongly related to foraging location in the stream, diel period, and month. Energy intake was highest from daytime drift‐foraging behavior and exceeded a modeled metabolic limit of food intake during October and November. Nocturnal and benthic foraging contributed the smallest proportion of total foraging attempts but was observed over all months of our study and sometimes comprised up to 30% of estimated energy intake. Our results indicate that Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout in streams acquire most of the food intake as daytime drift‐feeding predators.
Research on Harmonic Suppression of New Controller in Islanding Mode of Microgrid
Authors: Wang Xiaohuan , Jiang Wei , Zhao Xiaojun , Liu Congzhe
Published: March 2022

The proportional complex integral (PCI) controller can realize zero steady‐state error control of AC signals with specific frequencies in a static coordinate system. The frequency of the traditional power grid is relatively fixed, so the zero steady‐state error control of the AC signal is realized by adopting the PCI controller. With the increasing proportion of renewable energy generation, the frequency characteristics in the power system become uncertain. When the microgrid operates in island mode, the frequency of the fundamental wave and harmonics fluctuates greatly, which causes the PCI controller to fail to achieve zero steady‐state error control. This paper proposes two controllers: positive and negative sequence decoupling quasi‐proportional complex integral (PNDQPCI) controller and high‐order positive and negative sequence decoupling quasi‐proportional complex integral (HPNDQPCI) controller. The PNDQPCI controller can effectively control the positive and negative sequence voltage when the system frequency drifts; The HPNDQPCI controller can effectively suppress multiple harmonics. Finally, simulation and experiment are presented to verify the theoretical analysis as well as the feasibility and the superiority of the proposed controller. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Growing Up Korean Canadian in the Time of the Korean Wave
Authors: Yoon Kyong
Published: March 2022

Diasporic Korean youth in Canada grow up while realizing their cultural differences. Their awareness of difference often limits the scope of their possible lives. They internalize the White-dominant cultural frame that presents a view of themselves as the other. Young Korean Canadians feel that they are subject to (and have to be validated by) the dominant cultural norms of White Anglo groups at least for a period in their childhood, and later in life they develop more positive ethnic identification. As these young people grow up, they try to explore and negotiate their ethnic options and what it means to be KoreanandCanadian. In this process of growing up, transnational Korean media offers the diasporic Korean youth cultural resources for exploring who they are in between different identity positions.
Die Bedeutung der FMS und des Gymnasiums als PH-Zubringer: Bildungsverläufe und Zusammensetzung der PH-Studierendenschaft
Authors: Hafner Sandra
Published: March 2022

Dieses Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit der Zusammensetzung der PH-Studierendenschaft und mit Bildungsverläufen von Absolvierenden der FMS und des Gymnasiums mit Fokus auf die Primarlehrpersonenbildung. Auf Basis aktueller Studierendenzahlen wird aufgezeigt, wie sich die Anteile an PH-Studierenden mit einer Fachmaturität oder einer gymnasialen Maturität (ohne Fokus auf ein pädagogisches Profil) im PH-Studiengang Primarstufe seit Einführung der Fachmaturität Pädagogik entwickelt haben und inwiefern hier kantonale Unterschiede ausgemacht werden können. Ebenso werden basierend auf Bildungsverlaufsdaten die Übertrittsquoten von Absolvierenden der FMS und des Gymnasiums in die Primarlehrpersonenbildung im Allgemeinen sowie der FMS Pädagogik und des musisch-pädagogischen Gymnasialprofils im Besonderen dargestellt.