bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear power corrections to single top production and decay at the LHC in the narrow width approximation
Authors: Makarov Sergei , Melnikov Kirill , Nason Paolo , Ozcelik Melih A.
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We consider top quark production and decay in the narrow width approximation and study if the polarisation effects, that manifest themselves in correlations of angular distributions of particles from top quark decays and final state jets in the production sub-process, are affected by linear power corrections. We find that, in general, the answer to this question is affirmative. We also discuss how these non-perturbative corrections affect polarisation observables used to study single top production at the LHC. Finally, we point out that generic kinematic distributions of leptons from top quark decays are affected by linear power corrections, which may have implications for proposals to extract the top quark mass from such leptonic observables. On the other hand, we demonstrate that the distribution of the “out-of-collision-plane” component of the positron momentum is free from linear power corrections, making it an interesting candidate for the top quark mass measurement.
Hidden Symmetries of Generalised Gravitational Instantons
Authors: Araneda Bernardo
Published: November 2024

For conformally Kähler Riemannian four-manifolds with a Killing field, we present a framework to solve the field equations for generalised gravitational instantons corresponding to conformal self-duality and to cosmological Einstein–Maxwell. After deriving generic identities for the curvature of such manifolds without assuming field equations, we obtain $$SU(\infty )$$

S
U
(
∞
)

Toda formulations for the Page-Pope, Plebański–Demiański, and Chen–Teo classes, we show how to solve the (modified) Toda equation, and we use this to find conformally self-dual and Einstein–Maxwell generalisations of these geometries.
Deep learning-enhanced zero echo time MRI for glenohumeral assessment in shoulder instability: a comparative study with CT
Authors: Carretero-Gómez Laura , Fung Maggie , Wiesinger Florian , Carl Michael , McKinnon Graeme , de Arcos José , Mandava Sagar , Arauz Santiago , Sánchez-Lacalle Eugenia , Nagrani Satish , López-Alcorocho Juan Manuel , Rodríguez-Íñigo Elena , Malpica Norberto , Padrón Mario
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To evaluate image quality and lesion conspicuity of zero echo time (ZTE) MRI reconstructed with deep learning (DL)-based algorithm versus conventional reconstruction and to assess DL ZTE performance against CT for bone loss measurements in shoulder instability.

Methods

Forty-four patients (9 females; 33.5 ± 15.65 years) with symptomatic anterior glenohumeral instability and no previous shoulder surgery underwent ZTE MRI and CT on the same day. ZTE images were reconstructed with conventional and DL methods and post-processed for CT-like contrast. Two musculoskeletal radiologists, blinded to the reconstruction method, independently evaluated 20 randomized MR ZTE datasets with and without DL-enhancement for perceived signal-to-noise ratio, resolution, and lesion conspicuity at humerus and glenoid using a 4-point Likert scale. Inter-reader reliability was assessed using weighted Cohen’s kappa (K). An ordinal logistic regression model analyzed Likert scores, with the reconstruction method (DL-enhanced vs. conventional) as the predictor. Glenoid track (GT) and Hill-Sachs interval (HSI) measurements were performed by another radiologist on both DL ZTE and CT datasets. Intermodal agreement was assessed through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman analysis.

Results

DL ZTE MR bone images scored higher than conventional ZTE across all items, with significantly improved perceived resolution (odds ratio (OR) = 7.67, p = 0.01) and glenoid lesion conspicuity (OR = 25.12, p = 0.01), with substantial inter-rater agreement (K = 0.61 (0.38–0.83) to 0.77 (0.58–0.95)). Inter-modality assessment showed almost perfect agreement between DL ZTE MR and CT for all bone measurements (overall ICC = 0.99 (0.97–0.99)), with mean differences of 0.08 (− 0.80 to 0.96) mm for GT and − 0.07 (− 1.24 to 1.10) mm for HSI.

Conclusion

DL-based reconstruction enhances ZTE MRI quality for glenohumeral assessment, offering osseous evaluation and quantification equivalent to gold-standard CT, potentially simplifying preoperative workflow, and reducing CT radiation exposure.
Note on Polychromatic Coloring of Hereditary Hypergraph Families
Authors: Pálvölgyi Dömötör
Published: November 2024

We exhibit a 5-uniform hypergraph that has no polychromatic 3-coloring, but all its restricted subhypergraphs with edges of size at least 3 are 2-colorable. This disproves a bold conjecture of Keszegh and the author, and can be considered as the first step to understand polychromatic colorings of hereditary hypergraph families better since the seminal work of Berge. We also show that our method cannot give hypergraphs of arbitrary high uniformity, and mention some connections to panchromatic colorings.
A Comparison of two Maps of the Human Neocortex: the multimodal MRI-based parcellation of Glasser et al. (2016a), and the myeloarchitectonic parcellation of Nieuwenhuys and Broere (2023), as a first step toward a unified, canonical map
Authors: Nieuwenhuys Rudolf , Glasser Matthew F.
Published: November 2024

The first, introductory part of this paper presents an overview of the long quest for a universal map of the human cortex, useful as a standard reference for all remaining studies on this brain part. It is pointed out that such a map does still not exist, but that systematic comparison of some recently produced 3D maps may well be conducive toward this important goal. Hence, the second part of this article is devoted to a detailed comparison of two of such maps, the multimodal MRI-based parcellation of Glasser et al. (Nature 536:171–178, 2016) and the myeloarchitectonic parcellation presented by Nieuwenhuys and Broere (Brain Struct Funct 228:1549–1559, 2023), with the specific aim to detect areal concordances between these two maps. In the search for these concordances, the following three criteria were used: (1) the relative or topological position of the various areas, (2) the relation of the areas to particular invariant sulci, and (3) the overall myelin content of the areas. In total 61 concordances were detected, most of which were located in the frontal and parietal lobes. These concordances were recorded in standard views of the two maps compared (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8), as well as in Table 1. We consider these findings as a first step towards the creation of a unified, consensus (canonical) parcellation of the human neocortex.
Comparison of the night-time effectiveness in achieving glycemic targets in adults with type 1 diabetes of three advanced hybryd closed-loop systems
Authors: Borella Nicolò Diego , Ferramosca Antonio , Castagna Giona , Ippolito Silvia , Ceresoli Sara , Taverna Antonio , Sonzogni Beatrice , Trevisan Roberto , Lepore Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

Context

Advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) systems currently represent the most advanced modality of insulin therapy.

Aim

To compare the night-time (from 00 to 07 a.m.) effectiveness in achieving recommended glycemic targets of three different AHCL systems in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 55 adults with T1D (mean age 41 ± 16 years, male 40%, diabetes duration 19.4 ± 11.4 years, BMI 24.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2) with similar glycemic control (GMI 7.0–7.4%). Twenty-two participants were using the Minimed 780G system, 18 the Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ system and 15 the DBLG1 system.

Continuous glucose monitoring derived metrics and insulin requirement of 14 consecutive nights were analyzed.

Results

All three groups achieved the recommended mean TIR > 70%, mean TBR < 4%, and mean CV < 36% with a similar insulin requirement (Minimed 780G system: TIR 73.9 ± 11.2%, TBR 0.9 ± 1.2%, CV 29 ± 6.7%; Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ system: TIR 74.1 ± 11.1%, TBR 1.1 ± 1.0%, CV 34.5 ± 6.6%; DBLG1 System TIR 71.7 ± 11.3%, TBR 1.4 ± 3.7%, CV 32.4 ± 7.1%). Tight TIR% (70–140 mg/dl) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ group (51.5 ± 9.8%) when compared to Minimed 780G group (42.1 ± 13.7%) and DBLG1 System (40.1 ± 10.5%). In all three groups the insulin infusion similarly decreased from midnight to 05.00 am and then increased.

Conclusions

All the three AHCL systems achieved the recommended TIR, TBR and CV without difference in insulin requirement. The Tandem Control-IQ system obtained a higher tight TIR.
Dekarbonisierung des Straßenverkehrs – Klimaschutzrechtliche Grundlagen
Authors: Franzius Claudio
Published: November 2024

Die Dekarbonisierung des Straßenverkehrs gehört zu den größten Herausforderungen
des Klimaschutzrechts. Knapp werden wesentliche Eckpunkte des klimaschutzrechtlichen Mehrebenenkontexts
vorgestellt, bevor eine Systematisierung der Instrumente vorgenommen wird, die sich nur Erreichung der Ziele
als defizitär erweisen. Vorgeschlagen wird, sich am Gedanken einer Bewirtschaftungsordnung zu orientieren,
um die Nutzung des Klimas als knappes Gut dogmatisch stärker als Verteilungsfrage rekonstruieren zu
können.
Die wasserrechtliche Ersatzvornahme als Mittel des Verwaltungszwangs
Authors: Elsner Henri J.
Published: November 2024

Mit der Regelung des §40 IV WHG kennt das Wasserrecht eine bundesrechtlich vorgezeichnete Möglichkeit
der Ersatzvornahme. Sie betrifft den Fall, dass der Träger der Gewässerunterhaltungslast seinen
öffentlich-rechtlichen Verpflichtungen – namentlich der Pflege und Entwicklung oberirdischer
Gewässer – nicht nachkommt. Dabei handelt es sich um ein in der Literatur und Rechtsprechung
bislang weitgehend unerschlossenes Terrain. Dies mag gerade vor dem Hintergrund, dass es um die Durchsetzung
von Pflichtigkeiten in einem praxisrelevanten Bereich geht, verwundern. Die schlank gehaltene Vorschrift
wirft in ihrer praktischen Anwendung insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer formellen Voraussetzungen eine Reihe
von Fragen auf, mit denen sich die Referenten Herr Dr. Anton Meyer und Herr Dr. Rasso Ludwig LL.M. in
einer jüngeren verwaltungsgerichtlichen Entscheidung konfrontiert sahen. Die in diesem Zuge gewonnen
dogmatischen Erkenntnisse legten sie im Rahmen ihres Vortrages dar.
Plasma chemistry and hematology of Eastern Mediterranean Sea green turtles undergoing rehabilitation
Authors: Starostinetsky Malonek Tal , Scheinin Aviad , Wosnick Natascha , Davidovich Nadav , Itay Peleg , Piha Shlomi , Aroch Itamar , Tchernov Dan , Levy Yaniv , Hauser-Davis Rachel Ann , Morick Danny
Published: November 2024

The Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) is oligotrophic, presenting low biological production and high temperature and salinity, while comprising a biodiversity hotspot, with a unique emblematic threatened species array, including sea turtles. The establishment of healthy captive green turtle (Chelonia mydas) baseline blood analyte reference intervals (RIs) will contribute to improving diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and conservation success rates for sea turtles, by offering information with therapeutic and prognostic implications. However, baseline plasma chemistry and hematological analytes of EMS C. mydas are still unavailable. Hence, this study aimed to establish RIs for several blood analytes in general and under different life and rehabilitation stages and compare results with congeneric and conspecifics of other regions: Mediterranean loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) and two Atlantic green turtle populations. The study engulfed 118 blood samples obtained from 72 turtles admitted to the Israel Sea Turtle Rescue Centre between 2008 and 2020. Blood analyses included plasma chemistry and packed cell volume (PCV), and their association with body size and health status, and enabled suggesting RIs for PCV, plasma glucose and potassium concentrations, and aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities. The PCV were significantly associated with rehabilitation. Noted differences arising via population comparison are likely associated with interspecific dietary and metabolic traits. These novel physiological results form the basis for future studies, and provide caregivers a tool potentially increasing the success of recovery, rehabilitation and conservation efforts. Further research is warranted to fill knowledge gaps concerning physiology and potential ecological impacts on this species.
Recognition and completeness metrics from iNaturalist and GBIF can inform future citizen science and research projects: a case study on arthropods in Namibia
Authors: Alfeus Martha , Irish John , Birkhofer Klaus
Published: November 2024

Arthropods are the most diverse animal phylum and play crucial roles in ecosystem functioning through their contributions to ecosystem processes. Accurate knowledge about their distribution and diversity is essential for effective ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. Public biodiversity databases and citizen science records could contribute to our understanding of arthropod diversity. To test this assumption, we extracted arthropod observations in Namibia from iNaturalist (iNat) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and compared these data to the records in the Namibian Biodiversity Database (NBD). We assessed the proportion of observations identified to species level in each arthropod order in iNat and GBIF (“recognition” metric) and compared the number of species from the two biodiversity networks (iNat and GBIF) to the known species richness in each arthropod order in NBD (“completeness” metric). Only 54.4% of iNat and 63.1% of GBIF arthropod observations in Namibia are recorded at species level. Scorpions (Scorpiones) and dragonflies (Odonata) are the most recognised orders in both GBIF and iNat, with high completeness rates (> 60%). However, overall recognition and completeness for all arthropod orders were generally below 50% in both databases. The high recognition and completeness for certain orders could be attributed to species traits that make them recognizable (e.g. large body size, colouration), a low species richness and the taxonomic familiarity of the public. While global biodiversity networks provide valuable data, regional or national databases like NBD remain essential for comprehensive biodiversity understanding. Global biodiversity networks provide insights into public perception and the suitability of taxonomic groups for citizen-involved biodiversity projects.
How MFTs of Color Develop Their Multicultural Counseling Competencies
Authors: Holmes Jessica , Glass Valerie
Published: November 2024

The training programs in marriage and family therapy have received criticism for providing multicultural counseling to diverse populations from White and Western perspectives. Training programs provide less focus on the training needs around cultural competency and cultural humility for students of color. This research study is a phenomenological approach to understand the experiences of students of color in their MFT training programs and during their early clinical experiences, as they developed their multicultural counseling competencies. After interviewing eight participants about their lived experience, data was analyzed via a thematic analysis and resulted in identifying three themes. (1) There are specific multicultural counseling skills that participants frequently use (2) Learning in a White environment means learning without adequate representation, without diverse content and research, and without discussions focusing on diversity. (3) MFT programs need to incorporate a more diverse training approach including increased diversity in its faculty, literature, and general content.
Effects of teacher-developed spherical video-based virtual reality types on student learning engagement: A hierarchical linear modeling approach
Authors: Wu Shu-Hao , Jong Morris Siu-Yung , Tsai Chin-Chung
Published: November 2024

Spherical video-based virtual reality (SVVR) offers teachers an accessible means to use virtual reality. However, research into the effects of learning materials in teacher-developed SVVR activities on student learning remains limited. This study recruited 33 elementary school teachers and the 841 students in their classes. This study classified teacher-developed SVVR into "enhanced type" (N = 18) and "fundamental type" (N = 15), based on the number of enhanced exposition contents and thematic integration assessments embedded in the SVVR activities. This study also examined its effect on the students’ perceived effects of active learning (AL), repetition (REP), and feedback (FB), and learning engagement (i.e., cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social engagement). Nested relationships between teachers and students were observed using hierarchical linear modeling analysis. This study revealed that (1) enhanced-type SVVR activities are positively associated with learning engagement; (2) AL and FB are positively associated with student engagement; (3) REP is the only factor that is positively associated with emotional engagement; and (4) AL and SVVR exert a cross-level interaction effect on emotional engagement, wherein enhanced-type SVVR activities yield greater emotional engagement among lower AL students. While prior research highlighted SVVR’s impact on student learning, the present work has unfolded the importance of how SVVR delivers information and facilitates students' knowledge organization in the course of learning, consequently impacting students’ learning outcomes. The results of this research are of theoretical and practical significance for both researchers and practitioners working on designing, implementing and evaluating SVVR for educational purposes.
Exploring the extensive movements and home range of one of North America’s most mobile fish: the freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens)
Authors: Glowa Sarah E. , Watkinson Douglas A. , Enders Eva C. , Klein Geoff M. , Gutowsky Lee F. G.
Published: November 2024

Freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens are a unique and ubiquitous freshwater species of the family Sciaenidae. Despite the species’ wide distribution and unique biogeography, life history, and behavior, surprisingly little is known about freshwater drum movement ecology. In this study, we use passive acoustic telemetry tags and a broad-scale gridded receiver array to track the interannual and seasonal movement of freshwater drum tagged in tributaries of the North and South Basins of Lake Winnipeg (Manitoba, Canada). First, tagged freshwater drum had lower survival in the south basin where higher fishing pressure is thought to be a cause of mortality. We found that freshwater drum in Lake Winnipeg are remarkably mobile, with mean monthly movement rates among the highest on record for any freshwater fish. In the spring, fish entered rivers prior to spawning. A few weeks later, most individuals moved into lake habitat where they made extensive lateral movements. Home range and hotspot analysis revealed seasonal and population-specific patterns of occupancy, with elevated densities in lake habitat during the ice-on period and dispersed distributions during open water. Both populations remained almost exclusively in their respective rivers and basins. Homing and site fidelity were apparent, with nearly all fish returning to their original tagging river during each successive spawning season. The results bolster the existing information on freshwater drum movement ecology and may help enhance conservation and management strategies, particularly toward addressing commercial bycatch.
Stress boundary layers for the Phan-Thien–Tanner fluid at the static contact line in extrudate swell
Authors: Evans Jonathan D. , Evans Morgan L.
Published: November 2024

The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to examine the behaviour of the Phan-Thien–Tanner (PTT) fluid in the neighbourhood of the contact line singularity in extrudate swell. The solution structure for this shear-thinning viscoelastic fluid model has solvent stresses that dominate the polymer stresses, but requires stress boundary layers to fully resolve the solution at the die wall and free surface. The sizes and mechanism of the boundary layers at the two surfaces are different. We derive and present a similarity solution for the boundary layer at the die wall and an exact solution for the boundary layer at the free surface. An expression for the local behaviour of the free surface is also derived. The results for the boundary layers completes the preliminary asymptotic results for the PTT model presented in previous work.
Invasive dynamics of the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus in a protected area
Authors: Carvalho Francisco , Alves Henrique , Pascoal Cláudia , Castro Paulo , Miranda Fernando , Teixeira Amílcar , Cássio Fernanda , Sousa Ronaldo
Published: November 2024

Invasive species have been drivers of biodiversity loss and functional changes in aquatic ecosystems, including in protected areas. Therefore, monitoring population invasion dynamics and biological traits is fundamental to better understand their ecological and economic impacts and for management actions development. We followed signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) invasion in Rabaçal River upper reach at Montesinho Natural Park, Portugal. We collected information on the spread and biological traits (abundance, size, weight, physical condition, sex ratio, and aggressiveness) to assess differences between invasion core and front areas and among years. Signal crayfish population remained restricted since first reports in 2013 in the invasion core until 2017. After 2019, signal crayfish population has been spreading downstream, decreasing abundance at invasion core but increasing at invasion front. Significant higher number of crayfish with claw loss indicate potential higher signs of aggressiveness in the invasion front. Results also demonstrate a significant dominance of females although sex ratio is closer to 1:1 at the invasion front. Overall, results indicate signal crayfish is spreading and increasing their abundance at Rabaçal River highlighting the need for immediate management actions to hold dispersion and mitigate possible impacts.
Effects of moss encroachment on reproduction of the large heathland bush-crickets Ephippiger diurnus and Gampsocleis glabra
Authors: van Kleef Hein H. , Vogels Joost , Felix Rob P. W. H. , Bouwman Jaap
Published: November 2024

Low-productive open landscapes, once prevalent in Western Europe, have significantly declined due to land reclamation and afforestation. Despite protection under the European Union Habitats Directive, remaining heathlands face degradation from various factors, including nitrogen deposition, climate change, and altered land use. Using laboratory and field experiments we examined the habitat requirements and causes of decline for two large heathland bush-crickets, Ephippiger diurnus Dufour, 1841 and Gampsocleis glabra (Herbst,1786), focusing on the availability of bare mineral soil for egg-deposition. Our study revealed a strong preference for bare sand over moss-covered soil for oviposition for both species. Eggs deposited in bare sand showed higher survival rates, better development, and increased hatching success compared to those in moss-covered soil. The decline of these bush-cricket species is linked to the reduction of bare soil due to moss encroachment, exacerbated by nitrogen deposition. Implications for insect conservation: Our results show that loss of bare soil patches is an important bottleneck in the life cycle of large heathland bush-crickets. Conservation efforts therefore must prioritize maintaining bare soil patches through anthropogenic disturbances and reducing nitrogen deposition to support bush-cricket reproduction and sustain their populations in Northwestern Europe.
The unequal spirit of the Protestant Reformation: particularism and wealth distribution in early modern Germany
Authors: Schaff Felix S. F.
Published: November 2024

This paper assesses the impact of the Protestant Reformation on wealth distribution and inequality in confessionally divided Germany, between 1400 and 1800. The Reformation expanded social welfare, but provided it in a particularistic way to “deserving" poor and natives only. This gave Protestantism an ambiguous character in terms of redistribution and its impact on inequality. I develop a theoretical framework of this trade-off between welfare expansion and particularistic provision, and test its implications empirically, using a difference-in-differences and an instrumental variable strategy. In line with the theoretical framework, the analysis documents that the Reformation exacerbated inequality overall by making marginal poor people relatively poorer. This increase in inequality was driven by the introduction of new particularistic poor relief policies in Protestant communities. Economic growth was unlikely to be large enough to compensate poor strata for their losses. Protestantism emerges as an underappreciated driver of preindustrial inequality, long before the onset of industrialisation and modern economic growth.
Associations between Psychosocial Working Conditions and Work-Specific Self-Efficacy Beliefs Among Employees Receiving Psychotherapeutic Consultation at Work
Authors: Weber Jeannette , Hansmann Marieke , Heming Meike , Herold Regina , Erim Yesim , Hander Nicole , Rothermund Eva , Mulfinger Nadine , Kröger Christoph , Feißt Manuel , Brezinski Jolanda , Kohl Fiona , Angerer Peter
Published: November 2024

Purpose

By considering work-related aspects during early intervention and treatment of employees with (subclinical) symptoms of common mental disorders, psychotherapeutic consultation at work (PT-W) aims to increase work-specific self-efficacy (SE) to finally reduce sickness absence and contribute to successful return to work. This study, thus, aims to investigate interrelations between working conditions and work-specific SE among employees before receiving PT-W.

Methods

The study uses baseline data of a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of PT-W in Germany (n = 535). Working conditions were assessed by six scales of the validated Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). SE was assessed by the validated general short occupational self-efficacy (OSE) scale and return-to-work self-efficacy (RTW-SE) scale, two specific forms of self-efficacy. Multiple linear regression models were calculated using working conditions as independent and self-efficacy as dependent variables. Interactions between working conditions and age, gender and current extent of work were added to those models.

Results

Results suggest that quantitative job demands are negatively and development opportunities are positively related to OSE and RTW-SE. Age did not moderate those relationships. The association between development opportunities and OSE was stronger among employees indicating working less number of hours than specified in their contract compared to employees indicating working their full contract hours. Furthermore, interactions with gender were found with social support being only (positively) associated with OSE among male and decision authority being only (positively) associated with OSE among female employees.

Conclusions

The associations between working conditions and work-specific SE support the usefulness of addressing potential reciprocal relationships between those two variables during PT-W to improve mental health of employees.

Trial registration number: Registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS) at 01.03.2021—DRKS00023049.
The creation of academic spin-offs: University-Business Collaboration matters
Authors: Davey Todd , Martínez-Martínez Sofía Louise , Ventura Rafael , Galán-Muros Victoria
Published: November 2024

In discussions about Entrepreneurial Universities, it is essential to recognize that academics are at its heart and almost certainly the most important protagonists, particularly those who engage in academic spin-off creation (ASOs). However, understanding their entrepreneurial behavior is still limited, as is the connection to other important activities, such as University-Business Collaboration (UBC). Literature suggests that ASOs creation is conditioned by a great number of factors, but prior studies are limited in their approach and do not include the effect of the participation in other collaborative activities with the industry. This gap is addressed by unlocking spin-off creation from a multidisciplinary approach, integrating both psychological and sociological antecedents, as well as considering the influence of UBC in a much-needed international context. With data from a sample of 2,188 academics from 33 European countries, eleven hypotheses are tested using a structural equation model – The UBC-ASOs Model. Results show the relevance of the three UBC dimensions considered (attitude towards UBC, cultural support for UBC and UBC self-efficacy) for ASOS creation, as well as the effect of the cultural aspect in the psychological domain. Motivations are defined as drivers of UBC, while academics’ social capital enhances their cultural support for UBC but does not influence their attitude towards UBC or their UBC self-efficacy. The central role of UBC reveals the importance of re-thinking academic entrepreneurship research from the broader perspective of collaboration, while having valuable policy and managerial implications and providing key insights on how to develop Entrepreneurial Universities.
Changes in Child Health Care, Health, and Caregiver Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Children with Autism and Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Rast Jessica E. , Koffer Miller Kaitlin H , Bromberg Jennifer , Ventimiglia Jonas , Anderson Kristy A. , Shea Lindsay L.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent mitigation efforts impacted communities in many ways and placed immense strain on the health care system, impacting access to services. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in prevalence of child health care, child health, and caregiver and household health within children with autism and children with special health care needs (CSHCN) pre-pandemic to early pandemic years.

Methods

We examined data from the National Survey of Children’s Health to examine changes in child health care, child health, and caregiver and household health for autistic children and CSHCN from 2018 to 2021.

Results

About one-third of children with autism and CSHCN missed preventive checkups due to the COVID-19 pandemic and half had virtual care in 2021. Parents of children with autism had less help with care coordination in 2020 compared to previous years. In CSHCN prevalence of anxiety increased from 2018/2019 to 2021, with a concurrent increase in need for mental health care, this was not seen in children with autism. Finally, difficulty paying medical bills and for food was less common in 2020 and 2021 (compared to 2018/2019).

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the healthcare landscape for everyone, including children with autism and CSHCN as highlighted in this study. Understanding the disruptions and how they impacted populations differently can be helpful in informing plans long-term emergency preparedness. This planning should involve disability inclusive policies, to ensure the most vulnerable groups retain health care access as needed.
Targeted Child Mental Health Prevention and Parenting Support Within a Canadian Context: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the U.S.-Developed Family Check-Up®
Authors: Bennett Teresa , Georgiades Katholiki , Gonzalez Andrea , Janus Magdalena , Lipman Ellen , Pires Paulo , Prime Heather , Duku Eric , Jambon Marc , McLennan John D. , Gross Julie ,   the Making the Race Fair Study Team, Al Balkhi Sofia , Andrews Krysta , Baird Erin , Beatty Annie , Bonomo Amanda , Dovey Meghan , Farooq Aisha , Kang Anne , Pakkal Oya , Sahota Mandy , Vanderkooy Amy , Krbavac Tamara , Burroughsford Angie , Kimber Melissa , Brown Andrea , Boyle M. , Cunningham C. E. , Kates N. , Waddell C. , Dishion Thomas J. , Offord David Dan
Published: November 2024

Canada lacks an approach to early childhood mental health prevention aimed at decreasing barriers to care among highest-needs families. In this Canadian randomized controlled trial, we aimed to evaluate whether participation in the Family Check-Up® (FCU®) would be associated with lower severity of child behavior problems (primary outcome) and caregiver psychological distress and daily parenting stress (secondary outcomes). Eligible caregivers of children aged 2–4 years with (i) high severity of behavior problems and/or (ii) above-average severity plus ≥ 1 family psychosocial risk factor were recruited from early education, community, and clinical settings in Hamilton, Ontario. Randomization: either the FCU® or a community comparison arm (206 analyzed of 207 enrolled). Caregiver reports on their child’s behavior problems (primary outcome, Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing Problems Scale), caregiver psychological distress, and daily parenting stress (secondary) were obtained 12 months after study enrolment, and rates of change were modeled over 0, 6, and 12 months. FCU® participants reported lower child behavior problem severity scores 12 months post-enrolment than did community comparison participants (d = 0.38, p < 0.01). Caregiver psychological distress (d = 0.17, p = 0.3) and parenting stress (d = .05, p = 0.8) did not differ significantly between arms. FCU® participants reported improvements in the severity of child behavior problems, relative to a community comparison group, but not in caregiver distress or parenting stress at 12 months. Positive results for primary outcome indicate the FCU’s® promise as an effective child mental health prevention program in Canada. Further evaluation of intensified caregiver mental health supports may be warranted. Trial registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT02800603).
Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with paediatric acquired brain injury: Secondary data analysis from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sargénius Hanna Lovise , Rø Torstein Baade , Hypher Ruth Elizabeth , Brandt Anne Elisabeth , Andersson Stein , Finnanger Torun Gangaune , Risnes Kari , Stubberud Jan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To explore the characteristic quality of health profiles of children with paediatric acquired brain injury (pABI), and to investigate whether improvement in executive function (EF) following cognitive rehabilitation is associated with improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Method

A study of secondary endpoints in a blinded, parallel-randomised controlled trial with children (ages 10–17 years) with pABI and executive dysfunction. Data was obtained from 73 children-parent dyads. Explorative analyses were conducted comparing baseline with 8-week post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up data. Outcome measures included the EQ-5D-Y-3L health dimensions and the visual analogue scale (VAS).

Results

At baseline and 6-month follow-up, mean (SD) VAS were 76.22 (17.98) and 79.49 (19.82) on the parent-report, and 77.19 (16.63) and 79.09 (17.91) on the self-report, respectively. Comparing children who improved EF to those who did not improve/worsened, no significant improvement was found for the VAS (parent-report) over time (BRIEF-BRI: F = 2.19, p = 0.12, BRIEF-MI: F = 2.23, p = 0.12) for either group. A significant main effect by group was found for BRIEF-MI (F = 4.02, p = 0.049), but no time*group interaction (F = 0.414, p = 0.662).

Conclusion

The children and their parents reported only minor problems across EQ-5D-Y-3L dimensions and evaluated overall health as relatively good. Participants with a clinically significant change in the metacognitive aspect of EF had higher HRQOL. Cognitive interventions aiming to ameliorate deficits in EF in pABI may be beneficial to improve HRQOL.
Monothematic delusions are misfunctioning beliefs
Authors: Sullivan-Bissett Ema
Published: November 2024

Monothematic delusions are bizarre beliefs which are often accompanied by highly anomalous experiences. For philosophers and psychologists attracted to the exploration of mental phenomena in an evolutionary framework, these beliefs represent—notwithstanding their rarity—a puzzle. A natural idea concerning the biology of belief is that our beliefs, in concert with relevant desires, help us to navigate our environments, and so, in broad terms, an evolutionary story of human belief formation will likely insist on a function of truth (true beliefs tend to lead to successful action). Monothematic delusions are systematically false and often harmful to the proper functioning of the agent and the navigation of their environment. So what are we to say? A compelling thought is that delusions are malfunctioning beliefs. Compelling though it may be, I argue against this view on the grounds that it does not pay due attention to the circumstances in which monothematic delusions are formed, and fails to establish doxastic malfunction. I argue instead that monothematic delusions are misfunctioning beliefs, that is, the result of mechanisms of belief formation operating in historically abnormal conditions. Monothematic delusions may take their place alongside a host of other strange beliefs formed in difficult epistemic conditions, but for which no underlying doxastic malfunction is in play.
Metabolic profiling of the synthetic cannabinoid APP-CHMINACA (PX-3) as studied by in vitro and in vivo models
Authors: Camuto Cristian , De- Giorgio Fabio , Corli Giorgia , Bilel Sabrine , Mazzarino Monica , Marti Matteo , Botrè Francesco
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The metabolic pathways of APP-CHMINACA were characterized to select the markers of intake for implementation into analytical assays used by the clinical and forensic communities. We have combined the evidences obtained by both in vitro experiments and administration studies on mice.

Methods

APP-CHMINACA was incubated with either human or mouse liver microsomes. Urine and blood samples were collected at different time points from mice after injection of a 3 mg/kg dose of the test compound. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

The in vitro studies allowed to isolate eight different metabolic reactions, formed by two metabolic routes, with no differences between human and mouse liver microsomes. The main biotransformation route involved the hydrolysis of the distal amide group and the subsequent hydroxylation on the cyclohexyl-methyl ring. The second route involved multiple hydroxylation of the parent compound, followed by reduction to generate minor metabolites. In blood samples, the most abundant substances identified were APP-CHMINACA unchanged and the metabolites formed by the hydrolysis of the distal amide together with its hydroxylated products. In urine samples, four metabolites formed following the hydroxylation of the distal amide hydrolysis metabolite were detected as the most abundant and long-term metabolites.

Conclusions

The outcomes of our study showed that the most suitable markers to detect the intake of APP-CHMINACA in blood and urine samples in the framework of toxicological, clinical and forensic investigations were the metabolite formed by the hydrolysis of the distal amide and its hydroxylated products.
Temporary instructor presence in lecture slides does not enhance online learning
Authors: Kühl Tim , Teske Felicia , Merkt Martin , Sondermann Christina
Published: November 2024

The empirical evidence concerning the question whether an instructor should be presented on online lecture slides is equivocal and two lines of theoretical reasoning exist. On the one hand, the instructor may distract from the content, thereby hampering learning; on the other hand, the instructor may function as a social cue that triggers a more active processing of the content, thereby fostering learning. These potential drawbacks and advantages of instructor presence might cancel each other out. We investigated whether the drawbacks can be diminished while maintaining the potential advantages, thereby improving learning with online lecture slides, when the instructor is only temporarily presented at slides where hardly any content is provided. In two experiments (N = 126; N = 219), participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (“temporarily present” vs. “permanently present” vs. “never present”). Learning outcomes of retention and transfer, as well as subjective measures of cognitive load and social presence served as dependent variables. Overall, the results of these experiments showed no differences for the assessed dependent variables. Thus, other than expected, this study did not support the new idea that temporary instructor presence might be especially beneficial in online learning. Nevertheless, it may be premature to reject the idea of temporary instructor presence; rather, it should be further researched.
Arm und krank? Sozialbedingte gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten bei Studierenden
Authors: Renz Silvan , Neuderth Silke , Kneer Katharina
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund

Geringe finanzielle Mittel bzw. ein niedriger sozioökonomischer Status stehen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung mit einer höheren Morbidität und Mortalität in Zusammenhang. Studierende verfügen i. Allg. über geringe finanzielle Mittel und neigen im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung zu einer schlechteren Einschätzung ihrer Gesundheit; zudem zeigen sie häufig gesundheitsrelevante Risikoverhaltensweisen.

Ziel

Es sollen mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen sozioökonomischen Variablen und der Gesundheit sowie dem Gesundheitsverhalten Studierender an der Technischen Hochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt (THWS) beschrieben werden, um hieraus Schlussfolgerungen für das studentische Gesundheitsmanagement zu ziehen.

Methode

In Form einer querschnittlichen Online-Fragebogenstudie, wurden Studierende der Technischen Hochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt (N = 238) zu Gesundheit, Gesundheitsverhalten und sozioökonomischer Situation befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte über deskriptive Statistiken und Regressionsanalysen.

Ergebnisse

Es konnten sowohl positive wie auch negative Zusammenhänge zwischen sozioökonomischen Variablen und der subjektiven Gesundheit sowie gesundheitsrelevanten Risikoverhaltensweisen ermittelt werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Es ist von sozialbedingten gesundheitlichen Ungleichheiten unter den befragten Studierenden auszugehen. Insbesondere verschuldete Studierende, Studierende, die ihr Einkommen als unzureichend wahrnehmen und Studierende mit niedrigem subjektiven Sozialstatus sollten als potenzielle Risikogruppen über das Studentische Gesundheitsmanagement (SGM) gezielt adressiert werden.
Impact of Concomitant Tonsillectomy on the Management and Outcomes of Pediatric Adenoidectomy
Authors: Patel Aman M. , Revercomb Lucy , Shaari Ariana L. , Shah Vraj P.
Published: November 2024

Adenoidectomy is a common otolaryngologic procedure that may be performed with concomitant tonsillectomy (T&A). This study investigates differences between pediatric inpatients undergoing adenoidectomy alone and T&A. The 2016 Kid’s Inpatient Database was used to identify pediatric patients undergoing adenoidectomy (ICD-10: 0CTQXZZ) with and without tonsillectomy (ICD-10: 0CTP, 0CBP). Common comorbidities, postoperative complications, and procedures undergone were identified via ICD-10 codes. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to determine statistical associations with tonsillectomy status. Of the 5,540 inpatients who met inclusion criteria, the majority underwent T&A (88.9%). Mean patient age was 4.9 years. On multivariable analysis adjusting for patient demographics, hospital data, and severity of illness, T&A patients had similar total charges ($35,442 vs. $48,577, p = 0.880), length of stay (LOS) (2.5 vs. 3.9 days, p = 0.070), and number of procedures undergone (3.3 vs. 3.8 procedures, p = 0.884) as adenoidectomy alone patients. T&A patients had lower odds for undergoing ear, nose, sinus, mouth, or throat inspection (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46–0.75) and drainage (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.46–0.68), bronchoscopy (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.44–0.75), laryngoscopy (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49–0.83), and imaging (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32–0.996) than adenoidectomy alone patients (p < 0.05). T&A patients had higher odds for undergoing control of bleeding in the head and neck (OR 8.09, 95% CI 1.49–43.91, p < 0.001). Odds for undergoing ear, nose, sinus, mouth, or throat inspection and drainage, bronchoscopy, laryngoscopy, imaging, and control of bleeding in the head and neck varied by tonsillectomy status.
Starshaped Compact Hypersurfaces in Warped Product Manifolds II: A Class of Hessian Type Equations
Authors: Wang Bin
Published: November 2024

In this note, we prove the existence of one particular class of starshaped compact hypersurfaces, by deriving global curvature estimates for such hypersurfaces; this generalizes a recent result on this problem from the Euclidean space to Riemannian warped products. Moreover, we show that interior second order a priori estimates for admissible solutions to the associated fully nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations can be readily established by similar arguments.
Entschlüsselung eines neuen Austrittswegs von Chlamydien
Authors: Scholz Jana , Heuer Dagmar
Published: November 2024

Chlamydia spp. are pathogenic bacteria sharing an obligate intracellular cycle of development including host cell invasion, intracellular replication and egress. In the past, egress of Chlamydia spp. was described to be either lytic or non-lytic extrusion formation. Recently, we characterized an additional novel non-lytic egress pathway: Chlamydia-containing sphere formation. It is the predominant egress type for C. psittaci and the predominant non-lytic egress type for C. trachomatis, underlining its relevance for Chlamydia biology.
Preteen Suicidal Ideation and Adolescent Academic Well-Being Among Child Welfare-involved Youth
Authors: Anderson Nathaniel W. , Hassler Gabriel W. , Ohana Elie , Griffin Beth Ann , Sheftall Arielle H. , Ayer Lynsay
Published: November 2024

Background

Youth involved in the U.S. child welfare system (CWS) are at risk for mental health problems, including suicidal ideation (SI). However, the relationship between preteen suicidal ideation and academic outcomes has not been considered.

Methods

This study uses data from two nationally representative longitudinal surveys of CWS-involved youth to examine the association between preteen suicidal ideation (ages 7–11) and subsequent academic well-being (ages 12–17) among CWS-involved youth in the United States. Suicidal ideation was assessed using a single self-report item. Academic well-being was assessed through a number of constructs related to young people’s ability to thrive in the present and future, including school engagement, academic achievement, and expectations of what their lives would look like in adulthood. Linear regression models with person-level random effects were estimated.

Results

Findings indicate CWS-involved youth with a history of preteen suicidal ideation performed worse across all measures of adolescent academic well-being compared to their peers without a history of suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

These findings, though associational, have potentially broad implications for understanding how early life suicidal ideation may impede CWS-involved youths’ ability to thrive academically.