bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Progression of Artificial White Spot Lesions Sealed With an Infiltrant Resin
Authors: Gelani R , Zandona AF , Lippert F , Kamocka MM , Eckert G
Published: August 2014

This study assessed the ability of an infiltrant resin (Icon, DMG Chemisch-Pharmazeutische Fabrik GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) to prevent artificial lesion progression in vitro when used to impregnate white spot lesions and also assessed the effect of saliva contamination on resin infiltration. Enamel specimens (n=252) were prepared and covered with nail varnish, leaving a window of sound enamel. After demineralization (pH 5.0; four weeks), specimens were divided into six groups (n=42 per group): group 1, 2% fluoride gel (positive control); group 2, resin infiltrant; group 3, resin infiltrant + fluoride gel; group 4, no treatment (negative control); group 5, resin infiltrant application after saliva contamination; and group 6, resin infiltrant + fluoride gel after saliva contamination. Specimens from each group were cut perpendicular to the surface, and one-half of each specimen was exposed to a demineralizing solution for another four weeks. The other half was set aside as a record of initial lesion depth and was used later in the determination of lesion progression. Lesion progression and infiltrant penetration were measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and transverse microradiography (TMR). For lesion depth, based on CLSM, groups 2 and 3 showed the least changes when submitted to demineralization challenge, followed by group 1, then groups 5 and 6, and finally group 4. There were no significant differences between groups 2 and 3 or groups 5 and 6 in their ability to inhibit further lesion progression (p<0.05). Based on TMR, groups 2 and 3 also showed the fewest changes when submitted to demineralization challenge, followed by group 5, then groups 1 and 6, and finally group 4. In terms of mineral loss as measured by TMR, all groups that contained fluoride (groups 1, 3, and 6) show less percentage change in mineral loss than the groups that did not contain fluoride (groups 2, 4, and 5). It can be concluded that infiltrant penetration into early enamel lesions inhibited further demineralization in vitro, especially in the presence of fluoride. Saliva contamination decreased the ability of the infiltrant to prevent further demineralization, but the presence of fluoride seemed to counteract this effect.
Doing more than Just Acknowledging Attrition at Follow-Up: A Comment on Lu, Cheng, and Chen (2013)
Authors: Amireault Steve
Published: August 2014

Lu, Cheng, and Chen (2013) faced one of the most common challenges encountered in longitudinal studies: follow-up attrition. Using a correlational prospective design, 464 volunteers completed a questionnaire that measured the constructs of the theory of planned behavior, and subsequently 154 of them provided physical activity data at a 6-month follow-up. The proportion of participants (66.8%) for whom the investigators were not able to gather information on the behavioral outcome at follow-up may reflect a form of selection bias that may affect both the validity and generalizability of study results. Lu, et al.'s (2013) study is used here to explore the implication of follow-up attrition on the results and inference, to review what information should be reported in a scientific paper in such situations, and to give practical tips to handle follow-up attrition.
Humor Styles, Self-Esteem, and Subjective Happiness
Authors: Yue Xiao Dong , Liu Katy Wing-Yin , Jiang Feng , Hiranandani Neelam Arjan
Published: August 2014

This study examined how humor styles could mediate the effect of self-esteem on subjective happiness. 227 Hong Kong undergraduate students completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire, the Roxsenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the Subjective Happiness Scale. Results showed adaptive humor styles (affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor) significantly predicted self-esteem and subjective happiness and mediated the relationship between self-esteem and subjective happiness. Maladaptive humor styles (aggressive humor and self-defeating humor) did not strongly predict self-esteem or subjective happiness. The mediation effects of humor styles found in the present research provided useful suggestions for future studies.
Positive Psychology Group Intervention for Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomised Trial
Authors: Cerezo M. Victoria , Ortiz-Tallo Margarita , Cardenal Violeta , de la Torre-Luque Alejandro
Published: August 2014

This study assessed the effects of a psychological group intervention based on positive psychology in women with breast cancer. 175 women were randomly assigned either to an experimental group, receiving the 14-session intervention ( n = 87), or to a waitlist group ( n = 88) that did not receive any type of intervention. For treatment, a group intervention was applied, based on improving psychological strengths and enhancing positive psychology-based styles of coping. Strength-related outcomes, self-esteem, well-being, and happiness were assessed before and after the intervention. The experimental group showed higher scores on all of the study variables after the intervention. Participants reported improved self-esteem, emotional intelligence-related abilities, resilience, and optimism, as well as positive affectivity, well-being, and happiness. The results show a beneficial effect of this psychological intervention based on positive psychology on female breast cancer patients' psychological health.
Commitment and the Responsive Bystander: A Field Evaluation with a Less Problematic Request
Authors: Guéguen Nicolas
Published: August 2014

Prior research on the effect of commitment on bystander intervention has focused on situations involving crime (e.g., robbery). However, the effect of commitment on less problematic situations has never been examined. In this field study, a female confederate asked (commitment condition) or did not ask (no-commitment condition) a customer to keep an eye on her grocery cart on the pretext that she had forgotten something in the store. Several seconds later, a male confederate arrived behind the first confederate's cart and began to move it in order to take her place. It was found that participants ( N = 40) intervened to stop the second confederate more frequently in the commitment condition. The results support the assumption that bystander commitment influences behavior even in a non-crime situation.
Religiosity of Nonbelievers in China
Authors: Jing Xiaojuan
Published: August 2014

The religiosity of people describing themselves as ‘nonbelievers’ was explored in a Chinese sample. 578 students (310 women, 268 men; M age = 23.5 yr., SD = 3.3) participated in the study. The extent of religious beliefs was measured by the Religiosity subscale of the Social Axiom Survey (SAS). The results indicated that while nonbelievers generally neither believed nor disbelieved in the existence of a supreme being, they did believe that religion has some positive effects—providing a meaning to life as well as helping to keep moral standards. Religiosity in China seems to be a continuous and pluralized construct rather than a dichotomous concept.
Study of Reaction Time to Visual Stimuli in Athletes with and without a Hearing Impairment
Authors: Soto-Rey Javier , Pérez-Tejero Javier , Rojo-González Jesús J. , Reina Raúl
Published: August 2014

This study analyzes the differences in manual reaction time (RT) to visual stimuli in two samples of physically active persons: a group of athletes without hearing impairment ( n = 79; M age = 22.6yr., SD = 3.7) and a group of athletes with hearing impairment ( n = 44, M age = 25.6 yr., SD = 5.0). Reaction time (RT) was measured and then differences between both groups were assessed by sex, type of sport (individual vs team sports), and competition level. RT to visual stimuli was significantly shorter for athletes with hearing impairment than for those without hearing impairment, with a significant sex difference (shorter RT for males), but no differences regarding type of sport or competition level. Suggestions for further research and sport applications are provided.
Effect of Noise Intensity and Illumination Intensity on Visual Performance
Authors: Lin Chin-Chiuan
Published: August 2014

The results of Experiment 1 indicated that noise and illumination intensity have a significant effect on character identification performance, which was better at 30 dBA than at 60 and 90 dBA, and better at 500 and 800 lux than at 200 lux. However, the interaction of noise and illumination intensity did not significantly affect visual performance. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that noise and illumination intensity also had a significant effect on reading comprehension performance, which was better at 30 dBA than at 60 and 90 dBA, and better at 500 lux than at 200 and 800 lux. Furthermore, reading comprehension performance was better at 500 lux lighting and 30 dBA noise than with 800 lux and 90 dBA. High noise intensity impaired visual performance, and visual performance at normal illumination intensity was better than at other illumination intensities. The interaction of noise and illumination had a significant effect on reading comprehension. These results indicate that noise intensity lower than 30 dBA and illumination intensity approximately 500 lux might be the optimal conditions for visual work.
A Novel Organo-Selenium Bandage that Inhibits Biofilm Development in a Wound by Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Wound Pathogens
Authors: Tran Phat , Patel Saurabh , Hamood Abdul , Enos Tyler , Mosley Thomas , Jarvis Courtney , Desai Akash , Lin Pamela , Reid Ted
Published: August 2014

Biofilm formation in wounds is a serious problem which inhibits proper wound healing. One possible contributor to biofilm formation in a wound is the bacteria growing within the overlying bandage. To test this mechanism, we used bandages that contained a coating of organo-selenium that was covalently attached to the bandage. We tested the ability of this coating to kill bacteria on the bandage and in the underlying tissue. The bandage material was tested with both lab strains and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. It was found that the organo-selenium coated bandage showed inhibition, of biofilm formation on the bandage in vitro (7–8 logs), with all the different bacteria tested, at selenium concentrations in the coating of less than 1.0%. These coatings were found to remain stable for over one month in aqueous solution, 15 min in boiling water, and over 6 years at room temperature. The bandages were also tested on a mouse wound model where the bacteria were injected between the bandage and the wound. Not only did the selenium bandage inhibit biofilm formation in the bandage, but it also inhibited biofilm formation in the wound tissue. Since selenium does not leave the bandage, this would appear to support the idea that a major player in wound biofilm formation is bacteria which grows in the overlying bandage.
Integrative Therapies and Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Current Evidence
Authors: Misra Sanghamitra
Published: August 2014

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) primarily describes two distinct chronic conditions with unknown etiology, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). UC is limited to the colon, while CD may involve any portion of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. These diseases exhibit a pattern of relapse and remission, and the disease processes are often painful and debilitating. Due to the chronic nature of IBD and the negative side effects of many of the conventional therapies, many patients and their families turn to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for symptom relief. This article focuses on the current available evidence behind CAM/integrative therapies for IBD.
Information Anatomy of Stochastic Equilibria
Authors: Marzen Sarah , Crutchfield James
Published: August 2014

A stochastic nonlinear dynamical system generates information, as measured by its entropy rate. Some—the ephemeral information—is dissipated and some—the bound information—is actively stored and so affects future behavior. We derive analytic expressions for the ephemeral and bound information in the limit of infinitesimal time discretization for two classical systems that exhibit dynamical equilibria: first-order Langevin equations (i) where the drift is the gradient of an analytic potential function and the diffusion matrix is invertible and (ii) with a linear drift term (Ornstein–Uhlenbeck), but a noninvertible diffusion matrix. In both cases, the bound information is sensitive to the drift and diffusion, while the ephemeral information is sensitive only to the diffusion matrix and not to the drift. Notably, this information anatomy changes discontinuously as any of the diffusion coefficients vanishes, indicating that it is very sensitive to the noise structure. We then calculate the information anatomy of the stochastic cusp catastrophe and of particles diffusing in a heat bath in the overdamped limit, both examples of stochastic gradient descent on a potential landscape. Finally, we use our methods to calculate and compare approximations for the time-local predictive information for adaptive agents.
MicroRNAs Related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Sørensen Anja , Wissing Marie , Salö Sofia , Englund Anne , Dalgaard Louise
Published: August 2014

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common, though heterogeneous, endocrine aberration in women of reproductive age, with high prevalence and socioeconomic costs. The syndrome is characterized by polycystic ovaries, chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, as well as being associated with infertility, insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation and an increased life time risk of type 2 diabetes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that are able to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Altered miRNA levels have been associated with diabetes, insulin resistance, inflammation and various cancers. Studies have shown that circulating miRNAs are present in whole blood, serum, plasma and the follicular fluid of PCOS patients and that they might serve as potential biomarkers and a new approach for the diagnosis of PCOS. In this review, recent work on miRNAs with respect to PCOS will be summarized. Our understanding of miRNAs, particularly in relation to PCOS, is currently at a very early stage, and additional studies will yield important insight into the molecular mechanisms behind this complex and heterogenic syndrome.
Enhanced Chemosensitivity by Targeting Nanog in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Huang Chuan-En , Yu Cheng-Chia , Hu Fang-Wei , Chou Ming-Yung , Tsai Lo-Lin
Published: August 2014

Chemo-resistance is the major cause of high mortality in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) in which HNSCC-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be involved. Previously, we enriched a subpopulation of HNSCC-derived spheroid cells (SC) (HNSCC-SC) and identified Nanog as a CSCs marker. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Nanog in the chemosensitivity of HNSCC. The functional and clinicopathological studies of Nanog were investigated in HNSCC cells and specimens. Nanog expression was increased in HNSCC cell lines as compared to a normal oral epithelial cell line. Nanog upregulation in clinical tissues from HNSCC patients with recurrent and metastatic specimens relative to the mRNA levels in the samples from normal or primary tissues were examined. Targeting Nanog in HNSCC-SC significantly inhibited their tumorigenic and CSCs-like abilities and effectively increased the sensitivity of HNSCC-SC to chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin treatment. Targeting Nanog in HNSCC-SC showed a synergistic therapeutic effect with cisplatin. Our results suggest that targeting Nanog may have promising therapeutic potential for HNSCC.
Maternal High-Fat Diet Modulates Hepatic Glucose, Lipid Homeostasis and Gene Expression in the PPAR Pathway in the Early Life of Offspring
Authors: Zheng Jia , Xiao Xinhua , Zhang Qian , Yu Miao , Xu Jianping , Wang Zhixin
Published: August 2014

Maternal dietary modifications determine the susceptibility to metabolic diseases in adult life. However, whether maternal high-fat feeding can modulate glucose and lipid metabolism in the early life of offspring is less understood. Furthermore, we explored the underlying mechanisms that influence the phenotype. Using C57BL/6J mice, we examined the effects on the offspring at weaning from dams fed with a high-fat diet or normal chow diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. Gene array experiments and quantitative real-time PCR were performed in the liver tissues of the offspring mice. The offspring of the dams fed the high-fat diet had a heavier body weight, impaired glucose tolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, increased serum cholesterol and hepatic steatosis at weaning. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that all differentially expressed genes of the offspring between the two groups were mapped to nine pathways. Genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway were verified by quantitative real-time PCR and these genes were significantly up-regulated in the high-fat diet offspring. A maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation can modulate hepatic glucose, lipid homeostasis, and gene expression in the PPAR signaling in the early life of offspring, and our results suggested that potential mechanisms that influences this phenotype may be related partially to up-regulate some gene expression in the PPAR signalling pathway.
p62/Sequestosome 1 Regulates Aggresome Formation of Pathogenic Ataxin-3 with Expanded Polyglutamine
Authors: Zhou Liang , Wang Hongfeng , Chen Dong , Gao Feng , Ying Zheng , Wang Guanghui
Published: August 2014

The cellular protein quality control system in association with aggresome formation contributes to protecting cells against aggregation-prone protein-induced toxicity. p62/Sequestosome 1 (p62) is a multifunctional protein which plays an important role in protein degradation and aggregation. Although poly-ubiquitination is usually required for p62-mediated protein degradation and aggresome formation, several p62 substrates are processed to form aggregate in an ubiquitination-independent manner. In this study we demonstrate that p62 directly interacts with pathogenic Machado Joseph Disease (MJD)-associated protein ataxin-3 with polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion. Moreover, p62 could regulate the aggresome formation of pathogenic ataxin-3 and protect cells against pathogenic ataxin-3-induced cell death.
Inkjet Printing of High Aspect Ratio Superparamagnetic SU-8 Microstructures with Preferential Magnetic Directions
Authors: Jacot-Descombes Loïc , Gullo Maurizio , Cadarso Victor , Mastrangeli Massimo , Ergeneman Olgaç , Peters Christian , Fatio Philipe , Freidy Mouhamad , Hierold Christofer , Nelson Bradley , Brugger Jürgen
Published: August 2014

Structuring SU-8 based superparamagnetic polymer composite (SPMPC) containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles by photolithography is limited in thickness due to light absorption by the nanoparticles. Hence, obtaining thicker structures requires alternative processing techniques. This paper presents a method based on inkjet printing and thermal curing for the fabrication of much thicker hemispherical microstructures of SPMPC. The microstructures are fabricated by inkjet printing the nanoparticle-doped SU-8 onto flat substrates functionalized to reduce the surface energy and thus the wetting. The thickness and the aspect ratio of the printed structures are further increased by printing the composite onto substrates with confinement pedestals. Fully crosslinked microstructures with a thickness up to 88.8 μm and edge angle of 112° ± 4° are obtained. Manipulation of the microstructures by an external field is enabled by creating lines of densely aggregated nanoparticles inside the composite. To this end, the printed microstructures are placed within an external magnetic field directly before crosslinking inducing the aggregation of dense Fe3O4 nanoparticle lines with in-plane and out-of-plane directions.
Effects of Egg Yolk-Derived Peptide on Osteogenic Gene Expression and MAPK Activation
Authors: Kim Hye , Kim Myung-Gyou , Leem Kang-Hyun
Published: August 2014

The present study investigated the effects of egg yolk-derived peptide (YPEP) on osteogenic activities and MAPK-regulation of osteogenic gene expressions. The effects of YPEP on cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization were measured in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. Activation of MAPKs and downstream transcription factors such as extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2), p38, ELK1, and cJUN were examined using western blot analysis. YPEP dose-dependently increased MG-63 cell proliferation, ALP activity, collagen synthesis, and calcium deposition. YPEP activated ERK1/2, p38, and ELK1 phosphorylation whereas JNK and cJUN were not affected by YPEP. The COL1A1 (collagen, type I, alpha 1), ALPL (alkaline phosphatase), and SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1, osteopontin) gene expressions were increased while BGLAP (osteocalcin) was not affected by YPEP. The ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98509) blocked the YPEP-induced COL1A1 and ALPL gene expressions as well as ELK1 phosphorylation. The p38 inhibitor (SB203580) blocked YPEP-induced COL1A1 and ALPL gene expressions. SPP1 gene expression was not affected by these MAPK inhibitors. In conclusion, YPEP treatment stimulates the osteogenic differentiation via the MAPK/ELK1 signaling pathway. These results could provide a mechanistic explanation for the bone-strengthening effects of YPEP.
Alkaloids from the Tribe Bocconieae (Papaveraceae): A Chemical and Biological Review
Authors: Yu Xuelong , Gao Xiaoli , Zhu Zhixiang , Cao Yuan , Zhang Qian , Tu Pengfei , Chai Xingyun
Published: August 2014

The Bocconieae tribe, consisting of only the genera Macleaya and Bocconia, possesses significant economic and medicinal value and plays an important role in health management for people in developing countries. During the past decades, research on metabolites and relative pharmacology, including the isolation and identification of a variety of molecules, has shed light on the tribe. Among those molecules, isoquinoline alkaloids, and their antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities are especially noteworthy. This paper presents a comprehensive compilation of current research progress, with emphasis on the alkaloids and their distribution, phytochemical and pharmacological investigation, toxicity and side effects, related chemotaxonomy and future use prospects, and hopefully provides a valuable reference as an effort to promote further exploration and application of this tribe.
Coal Char Derived Few-Layer Graphene Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Dan , Vijapur Santosh , Botte Gerardine
Published: August 2014

Few-layer graphene films were synthesized through chemical vapor deposition technique using coal char as solid carbon source. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction were used to characterize the graphene films. The electrochemical performance of the coal char derived few layer graphene anodes for lithium ion batteries was investigated by charge/discharge curves and discharge capacity at different current densities. The graphene anode maintained the reversible capacity at ~0.025, 0.013, and 0.007 mAh/cm2 at a current density of 10, 30, and 50 µA/cm2, respectively. The coal char derived graphene anodes show potential applications in thin film batteries for nanoelectronics.
Modeling IoT-Based Solutions Using Human-Centric Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Monares Álvaro , Ochoa Sergio , Santos Rodrigo , Orozco Javier , Meseguer Roc
Published: August 2014

The Internet of Things (IoT) has inspired solutions that are already available for addressing problems in various application scenarios, such as healthcare, security, emergency support and tourism. However, there is no clear approach to modeling these systems and envisioning their capabilities at the design time. Therefore, the process of designing these systems is ad hoc and its real impact is evaluated once the solution is already implemented, which is risky and expensive. This paper proposes a modeling approach that uses human-centric wireless sensor networks to specify and evaluate models of IoT-based systems at the time of design, avoiding the need to spend time and effort on early implementations of immature designs. It allows designers to focus on the system design, leaving the implementation decisions for a next phase. The article illustrates the usefulness of this proposal through a running example, showing the design of an IoT-based solution to support the first responses during medium-sized or large urban incidents. The case study used in the proposal evaluation is based on a real train crash. The proposed modeling approach can be used to design IoT-based systems for other application scenarios, e.g., to support security operatives or monitor chronic patients in their homes.
A Low-Rank Matrix Recovery Approach for Energy Efficient EEG Acquisition for a Wireless Body Area Network
Authors: Majumdar Angshul , Gogna Anupriya , Ward Rabab
Published: August 2014

We address the problem of acquiring and transmitting EEG signals in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) in an energy efficient fashion. In WBANs, the energy is consumed by three operations: sensing (sampling), processing and transmission. Previous studies only addressed the problem of reducing the transmission energy. For the first time, in this work, we propose a technique to reduce sensing and processing energy as well: this is achieved by randomly under-sampling the EEG signal. We depart from previous Compressed Sensing based approaches and formulate signal recovery (from under-sampled measurements) as a matrix completion problem. A new algorithm to solve the matrix completion problem is derived here. We test our proposed method and find that the reconstruction accuracy of our method is significantly better than state-of-the-art techniques; and we achieve this while saving sensing, processing and transmission energy. Simple power analysis shows that our proposed methodology consumes considerably less power compared to previous CS based techniques.
A Sustainable Approach for the Geopolymerization of Natural Iron-Rich Aluminosilicate Materials
Authors: Obonyo Esther , Kamseu Elie , Lemougna Patrick , Tchamba Arlin , Melo Uphie , Leonelli Cristina
Published: August 2014

Two iron-rich clayey materials (L1 and L2, with the main difference being the level of iron accumulation) have been studied for their suitability as solid precursors for inorganic polymer composites. L1, with the lower iron content, was calcined at 700°C for 4 h and used as replacement, in the range of 15–35 wt%, for both raw laterites in the formulations of geopolymeric composites. The different mixtures were activated with a highly concentrated alkaline solution containing sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. River sand with semi-crystalline structure was added to form semi-dry pastes which were pressed to appropriate shape. X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry results demonstrated the effectiveness of the calcined fraction of L1 to act as nucleation sites and extend the geopolymerization to the matrix composites. A highly compact matrix with low porosity and good stability in water, together with a strength comparable to that of standard concretes was obtained allowing for conclusions to be made on the quality of laterites as promising solid precursor for sustainable, environmentally-friendly, and cost-efficient structural materials.
Rational Consumption of Water in Administrative Public Buildings: The Experience of the Bahia Administrative Center, Brazil
Authors: Da Silva Samara , Britto Vicky , Azevedo Camila , Kiperstok Asher
Published: August 2014

The government has to lead, by example, the effort for more rational water use. Nevertheless, public buildings in countries like Brazil lack the operational and maintenance organization necessary to induce better environmental practices. This paper presents the results of a five-year effort to control and reduce water use in governmental facilities in Salvador, Bahia. Seventeen state government headquarters in Bahia took part in this initiative. The basic actions taken include: daily monitoring and analysis of water consumption, inspections and adjustments of hydraulic equipment flow, rapid repair of leaks and layout improvements in toilets. All of these are part of the main initiative, which aims to implement water management in the facilities. Ecoteams were created and trained to conduct these efforts. Water control, consumption analysis and communication have been made using AGUAPURA VIANET, an Internet software designed by the Federal University of Bahia for this specific purpose. From June 2008, to December 2013, an estimated 270,000 m3 of potable water have been saved, which represents US$ 2.7 million in water and waste water costs. This represents a monthly savings of 31% in expenses compared to the practices before the program started.
Miocene leaves of Elaeagnus (Elaeagnaceae) from the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, its modern center of diversity and endemism
Authors: Su Tao , Wilf Peter , Xu He , Zhou Zhe‐Kun
Published: August 2014

• Premise of the study: The Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau is a major center of plant diversity and endemism, but little is known about how this developed due to the region's very scarce paleobotanical record. The silverberry genus Elaeagnus (Elaeagnaceae) reaches its greatest diversity (54 species) and endemism (36 species) in this area. Fossil Elaeagnaceae could provide significant evidence for the phylogeny and biogeography of the family and contribute primary data regarding the evolution of the unique Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau flora in its dramatic setting of tectonic and climatic change.

• Methods: We describe four fossil leaves with diagnostic features of Elaeagnus from the late Miocene of eastern Tibet, modern altitude of 3910 m a.s.l‥ We also review prior fossil records of Elaeagnaceae.

• Key results: The well‐preserved, densely packed, stellate scales on fossil leaf surfaces are diagnostic of Elaeagnaceae. We assign these fossil leaves to Elaeagnus tibetensis T. Su et Z.K. Zhou sp. nov., comprising the first confirmed fossil Elaeagnus leaves worldwide.

• Conclusions: Elaeagnus was present in eastern Tibet by the late Miocene. Together with previous fossil records, the new species supports a Holarctic history of the family. The diversification of Elaeagnus in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and adjacent areas might have been driven by continuous uplift at least since the late Miocene, causing formation of complex topography and climate with high rainfall seasonality. The characteristic scales on leaf surfaces are likely to be an important functional adaptation to seasonal droughts during early spring.
Changing reproductive effort within a semelparous reproductive episode
Authors: Hughes P. William , Simons Andrew M.
Published: August 2014

• Premise of the study: Life‐history theory predicts a trade‐off between current and future reproduction for iteroparous organisms—as individuals age, the expected value of future reproduction declines, and thus reproductive effort is expected to be higher in later clutches than in earlier. In contrast, models explaining the evolution of semelparity treat semelparous reproduction as instantaneous, with no scope for intraindividual variation. However, semelparous reproduction is also extended, but over shorter time scales; whether there are similar age‐ or stage‐specific changes in reproductive effort within a semelparous episode is unclear. In this study, we assessed whether semelparous individuals increase reproductive effort as residual reproductive value declines by comparing the reproductive phenotype of flowers at five different floral positions along a main inflorescence.

• Methods: Using the herbaceous monocarp Lobelia inflata, we conducted a longitudinal study of 409 individuals including both laboratory and field populations over three seasons. We recorded six reproductive traits—including the length of three phenological intervals as well as fruit size, seed size, and seed number—for all plants across floral positions produced throughout the reproductive episode.

• Key results: We found that while the rate of flower initiation did not change, flowers at distal (late) floral positions developed more quickly and contained larger seed than flowers at basal (early) floral positions did.

• Conclusions: Our results were consistent with the hypothesis that, like iteroparous organisms, L. inflata increases reproductive effort in response to low residual reproductive value.
Expeditive synthesis of trithiotriazine-cored glycoclusters and inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation
Authors: Smadhi Meriem , de Bentzmann Sophie , Imberty Anne , Gingras Marc , Abderrahim Raoudha , Goekjian Peter G
Published: August 2014

Readily accessible, low-valency glycoclusters based on a triazine core bearing D-galactose and L-fucose epitopes are able to inhibit biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These multivalent ligands are simple to synthesize, are highly soluble, and can be either homofunctional or heterofunctional. The galactose-decorated cluster shows good affinity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin lecA. They are convenient biological probes for investigating the roles of lecA and lecB in biofilm formation.
Effects of an Online Problem-Based Learning Program on Sexual Health Care Competencies Among Oncology Nurses: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kim Jung-Hee , Shin Jwa-Seop
Published: August 2014

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of an online problem-based learning (e-PBL) program that offers multimedia scenarios to develop sexual health care competencies.

Method:

A pretest–posttest control group design was used with two randomized groups in one Korean tertiary hospital. The sample included 32 RNs who cared for oncology patients. The intervention group completed an e-PBL cycle consisting of eight tutorials.

Results:

Nurses in the intervention group scored significantly higher on knowledge than did those in the control group. The intervention group exhibited no significant differences in attitude and practices following the intervention.

Conclusion:

The results show the potential of e-PBL to enhance traditional PBL by offering multimedia scenarios in an interactive and flexible learning environment.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2014;45(9):393–401.
Faculty Buy-In to Teach Alcohol and Drug Use Screening
Authors: Puskar Kathy , Mitchell Ann M. , Kane Irene , Hagle Holly , Talcott Kimberly S.
Published: August 2014

Educating nursing faculty about the use of an evidence-based practice to screen and intervene earlier along the continuum of alcohol and other drug use, misuse, and dependence is essential in today’s health care arena. Misuse of alcohol and other drugs is a significant problem for both individual health and societal economic welfare. The purpose of this article is to describe nursing faculty buy-in for the implementation of an evidence-based addiction training program at a university-based school of nursing. Derived from an academic-community partnership, the training program results suggest implications for continuing education and curriculum innovation in schools of nursing and clinical practice. The training content presented can be used in continuing education for nursing faculty across all types of nursing school programs and professional nursing staff employed in multiple settings. The training program was funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2014;45(9):403–408.
Remaining in the Nursing Home Versus Transfer to Acute Care: Resident, Family, and Staff Preferences
Authors: Tappen Ruth M. , Worch Sarah M. , Elkins Deborah , Hain Debra J. , Moffa Christine M. , Sullivan Gail
Published: August 2014

Resident and family insistence on transfer is a major factor in the occurrence of potentially avoidable transfers from nursing homes (NHs) to acute care. The purpose of this study was to explore resident, family, and staff preferences regarding transfer to acute care. A sample of 271 NH residents, family members, staff, and medical providers were interviewed. Seventy-seven percent of residents reported that they had not given any thought to the question of whether they would want to be transferred to acute care. Family members wanted more information than residents, but more residents (39%) thought they should be fully involved in the transfer decision than their family members (12%) or staff (12%). Staff preferred keeping residents in the NH. Families were divided between transferring residents and having them remain in the NH. More residents indicated that their desire to transfer would depend on the severity of their condition and their prognosis. Ethnic group differences were noted. Results suggest that discussion of this issue should occur soon after admission and that differences in perspectives may be expected from those involved. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 40(10), 48–57.]

Dr. Tappen is Professor and Christine E. Lynn Eminent Scholar, Ms. Elkins is doctoral candidate, Dr. Hain is Associate Professor, Ms. Moffa is Doctoral Candidate, and Ms. Sullivan is Doctoral Candidate, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida; and Ms. Worch is Doctoral Candidate, Department of Family Therapy, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida.

The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise. This research was supported by a grant from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (343268-2 “Involving Nursing Home Residents and their Families in Hospital Transfer Decisions”).

Address correspondence to Ruth M. Tappen, EdD, RN, FAAN, Professor, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431; e-mail:
rtappen@fau.edu.

 Received: May 01, 2014

 Accepted: July 03, 2014

 Posted Online: August 19, 2014
Testing Telehealth Using Technology-Enhanced Nurse Monitoring
Authors: Grant Leslie A. , Rockwood Todd , Stennes Leif
Published: August 2014

Technology-enhanced nurse monitoring is a telehealth solution that helps nurses with assessment, diagnosis, and triage of older adults living in community-based settings. This technology links biometric and nonbiometric sensors to a data management system that is monitored remotely by RNs and unlicensed support staff. Nurses faced a number of challenges related to data interpretation, including making clinical inferences from nonbiometric data, integrating data generated by three different telehealth applications into a clinically meaningful cognitive framework, and figuring out how best to use nursing judgment to make valid inferences from online reporting systems. Nurses developed expertise over the course of the current study. The sponsoring organization achieved a high degree of organizational knowledge about how to use these systems more effectively. Nurses saw tremendous value in the telehealth applications. The challenges, learning curve, and organizational improvements are described. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 40(10),15–23.]

Dr. Grant is Associate Professor, Dr. Rockwood is Associate Professor, and Dr. Stennes is Project Coordinator, Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Dr. Grant is also Director, Center for Aging Services Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise. This work was supported by the Rural Healthcare Program of the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust.

Address correspondence to Leslie A. Grant, PhD, Associate Professor, Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, D262 Mayo Memorial Building, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Mayo Mail Code 510, Minneapolis, MN 55455; e-mail:
grant004@umn.edu.

 Received: July 01, 2014

 Accepted: February 02, 2014

 Posted Online: August 19, 2014
Choroidal Metastatasis From a Neuroendocrine Tumor Masquerading as Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Yiu Glenn , Cummings Thomas J. , Mruthyunjaya Prithvi
Published: August 2014

A mushroom-shaped choroidal mass is classically suggestive of melanoma, due to the ability of these tumors to erupt through Bruch’s membrane. In contrast, choroidal metastases rarely adopt this growth pattern. The authors present an unusual case of a patient with a large choroidal metastasis from a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that shows a collar-button configuration. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry following enucleation. The authors review the typical appearance of choroidal metastases from neuroendocrine tumors and discuss mechanisms by which uveal tumors may extend through Bruch’s membrane.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:456–458.]
Prefoveal Vitreous Condensation in Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Paulus Yannis M. , Wong Ira G. , Sanislo Steve , Moshfeghi Darius M.
Published: August 2014

Uveitis can produce a host of signs throughout the eye. Cylinders, snowballs, condensations, and snowbanks in the vitreous have been described. The authors report two cases of chronic ocular inflammation with a novel sign of a prefoveal white vitreous condensation. One patient is a 6-year-old child with intermediate uveitis and positive results for PPD, and the second is a 65-year-old woman with bilateral recurrent intraocular lymphoma. Both cases responded well to vitrectomy and treatment of the inflammation.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:447–450.]
Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Choroidal Neurofibromatosis
Authors: Rao Rajesh C. , Choudhry Netan
Published: August 2014

The authors report multimodal imaging findings, including enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography, in an affected child with choroidal neurofibromatosis. Novel features such as choroidal vessel compression from choroidal nodules related to neurofibromatosis type 1 and an increased subfoveal choroidal thickness are identified. This is the first report to use EDI-OCT to analyze choroidal features in neurofibromatosis type 1.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:466–468.]
Goya, el lenguaje alegórico y el mundo clásico. La etapa de madurez
Authors: López Torrijos Rosa
Published: August 2014

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Identificación del verdadero estilo de León Picardo
Authors: Silva Maroto Pilar , Luengo Pedrera Damián
Published: August 2014

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La pintura jerezana en el siglo XIX
Authors: De la Banda y Vargas Antonio
Published: August 2014

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Un Vultus trifrons inédito: el sepulcro de Doña Elvira de Noboa en la iglesia de San Francisco de Orense
Authors: Sastre Vázquez Carlos
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En torno a la escultura del primer tercio del siglo XVI en Cuenca
Authors: Rokiski Lázaro M.ª Luz
Published: August 2014

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Sobre la «Jerusalén restaurada»: los Calvarios barrocos en España
Authors: Muñoz Jiménez José Miguel
Published: August 2014

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Origen y difusión del águila bicéfala en la platería religiosa española e hispanoamericana
Authors: Heredia Moreno María del Carmen
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Puntualización sobre un refrán flamenco en la sillería de coro de Astorga
Authors: Mateo Isabel
Published: August 2014

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Un tímpano románico inédito procedente de Labastida (Álava)
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Published: August 2014

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Un bodegón firmado por «Carrillo»
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Published: August 2014

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Iconografía del Poder: probable dibujo de Churriguera para la Entrada en Madrid de Felipe V (1701)
Authors: Zapata Fernández de la Hoz Teresa
Published: August 2014

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La casa de Farinelli en el Real Sitio de Aranjuez: 1750-1760 (nuevos datos para la biografía de Carlos Broschi)
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Published: August 2014

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Noticia de entalladores: Jerónimo de Valencia y Cristóbal Voisin
Authors: López Campuzano Julia
Published: August 2014

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Una nueva obra de Juan de Juanes en Atienza
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Noticias documentales sobre Moro ¿o Key? y sobre el Caravaggio
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Sobre Herrera «El Viejo»
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Un nuevo ejemplar ilustrado de los Morales de Gregorio Magno (B.A.H. COD. 1) del siglo XIII, inédito
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Published: August 2014

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Noticias, observaciones y algo más que otro país de Juan de Solís
Authors: Cruz Valdovinos José Manuel
Published: August 2014

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Un retablo toledano en el Museo de Arte de la Duke University de Durham (USA)
Authors: Mateo Gómez Isabel
Published: August 2014

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El Templo parroquial de La Campana (Sevilla): las reformas del siglo XVIII
Authors: Mira Caballos Esteban
Published: August 2014

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Santa Catalina de Siena y la génesis del retrato de la beata madrileña María Ana de Jesús (1564-1624)
Authors: Bermejo Virgilio
Published: August 2014

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El Monasterio de Valbuena de Duero (Valladolid): la decoración manierista de su Claustro bajo
Authors: Arias Martínez Manuel
Published: August 2014

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Juan de Pitano y Bolívar, platero vitoriano del siglo XVI
Authors: Martín Vaquero Rosa
Published: August 2014

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Transcripción del manuscrito autógrafo de Juan de Herrera sobre la Teoría matemática de las grúas (En el IV Centenario de la muerte de Juan de Herrera)
Authors: Cervera Vera Luis
Published: August 2014

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Noticias documentales sobre Francisco Matarana, vidriero y pintor
Authors: Rokiski Lázaro María Luz
Published: August 2014

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Sobre Juan Bautista Maíno
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Dibujos y grabados en el proceso creador de Fernando Yáñez
Authors: Ibáñez Martínez Pedro Miguel
Published: August 2014

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Un proyecto inédito del arquitecto Juan Gómez de Mora (1586-1648)
Authors: Marín Tovar Cristóbal
Published: August 2014

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Un cuadro inédito de Daniel de Vos en España
Authors: Urquízar Herrera Antonio
Published: August 2014

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Bernard Bevan (1903-1995), historiador de la Arquitectura Española
Authors: Bury John
Published: August 2014

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Aproximación a la iconografía de las órdenes religiosas en la azulejería valenciana del siglo XVIII
Authors: Cabezas Araceli
Published: August 2014

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Obras, autores y familias genovesas en España
Authors: López Torrijos Rosa
Published: August 2014

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Un ciclo mitológico tardío de la pintura sevillana: La Historia de Perseo, por Escobar
Authors: González García Juan Luis
Published: August 2014

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Relieves que decoran los pedestales de las esculturas de la Reina Cristina de Suecia
Authors: Coppel Areizaga Rosario
Published: August 2014

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Aportaciones al estudio de la miniatura gótica italiana: tres fragmentos de la Biblioteca Nacional
Authors: Docampo F. Javier
Published: August 2014

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El grabado italiano en el lienzo «La Adoración de los Reyes Magos», de Francisco Camilo
Authors: Morente Luque Fernando
Published: August 2014

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El viaje del pintor Juan de Uceda a Lima
Authors: Navarrete Prieto Benito
Published: August 2014

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Francisco de Goya: tres cuadros, tres épocas
Authors: Arnáiz José Manuel
Published: August 2014

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Artistas de la corte de los Reyes Católicos en Zaragoza
Authors: Morte García Carmen
Published: August 2014

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La influencia de los grabados en las miniaturas de los libros de coro de la catedral de Sevilla
Authors: Marchena Hidalgo Rosario
Published: August 2014

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A propósito de una nueva obra de Antonio van de Pere
Authors: Piedra Adarves Álvaro
Published: August 2014

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