IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF FIVE HERBAL EXTRACTS AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS
Authors: Gylan Eman Mohammed Abduljalil , Muharram Bushra Abdulkarim , Al-Kholani Abdulwahab Ismail Mohamed , AL-Haddad Khaled A , Al-Akwa Ameen Abdullah Yahya , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Al-Hamzi Mohsen  Ali , Al-labani Mohammed A 
Published: March 2022

Background: The emergence and extend of antibiotic resistance, together with the development of new strains of illness causes, are of enormous alarm to the global health community. Successful treatment of a illness involves the development of new pharmaceuticals or some promise source of novel drugs. Universally make use of medicinal plants of our community could be an outstanding source of drugs to fight off dental caries. This study is focused on discovering  the antibacterial properties of the plants that are frequently being used as traditional medications.
Methods: Five methanol extracts from Salvia officinalis, Commiphora myrrha, Boswellia carteril, Saussurea lappa and Dracaena cinnabari were examined for their antibacterial activities against most common bacterial oral pathogen, Streptococcus mutans. The antibacterial testing was carried out by using the disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution assays.
Results: Methanol extracts of the five plants were effective against Streptococcus mutans with diameter  zone of  inhibition ranging from 63.6 to 21.0 mm. The results of the microdilution assay confirmed that the Salvia officinalis, Commiphora myrrha, Saussurea lappa and Dracaena cinnabari were effective against the Streptococcus mutans, exhibiting MIC values, ranging from 0.310 to 0.156 mg/ml.
Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that the methanol extracts of plants used in this study have an antibacterial effect even at low concentration against the carcinogenic Streptococcus mutans bacteria, and they may be possible to combat Streptococcus mutans to increase the effectiveness of oral hygiene practices by incorporating the extracts of these plants into anti-caries such as Toothpastes and mouthwash.
                      
Peer Review History:
Received: 18 January 2022; Revised: 13 February; Accepted: 8 March, Available online: 15 March 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
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Received file:                Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com
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