bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Soil Application and Foliar Spray of Sulphur Nutrition on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Selvi G. Asha , Tamilselvan N. , Avudaithai S. , Nithila S.
Published: August 2022

Aim: To study the effect of soil application and foliar spray of sulphur nutrient application in growth and development of black gram cultivation.

Study Design: The Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) was used. The treatments of soil application of sulphur viz., No basal, Gypsum @ 25 kg ha-1, SOB @ 2 kg ha-1 as basal and foliar spray viz., No spray, pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1on 30 DAS, K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS, pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 on 30 DAS + K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS were used.

Place and Duration of Study: This research trail was conducted during the Winter season (February – May) of 2022 at ICAR - Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sirugamani, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.

Methodology: The study consisted of 12 combination of treatments in FRBD which was replicated thrice. The black gram (Var. Vamban 8) was used for this study. The observations were recorded during the different phases of growth at regular intervals.

Results: The experimental results revealed that the interaction effect of application of gypsum as basal along with foliar spray of pulse wonder + K2SO4 found to be superior and recorded significantly higher growth, yield and quality parameters viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation, SPAD value at 20 DAS, 40 DAS and 60 DAS number of pods plant-1, number of seed pod-1, pod length, pod weight and sulphur content in seed. Gypsum as basal application along with foliar spray of pulse wonder + K2SO4 proved to be the best and increased the grain yield of 30% over the no basal application and no foliar spray. Thus application of gypsum @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal and foliar spray of pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 on 30 DAS + K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS could be recommended for improving the productivity of black gram.
Evaluation of ICAR Schemes / Approaches- Progressive Farmers Perception on KVKs Activities
Authors: Barman Sinki , Deka Animesh , Borkakati Rudra Narayan , Deka Niranjan , Pathak Prasanna Kumar
Published: August 2022

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nagaon has been full-fledged established in 2004 and the institution has been working betterment of the rural livelihood till date. On the basis of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), KVK, Nagaon planned different activities according to the thrust area. On the basis of requirement of the rural community various activities like On Farm Testing, Front Line Demonstration, Training were conducted in order to test performance parameters of newly released varieties of field crops and improved technologies. With an objective to evaluate the impact of different KVK activities disseminated the study was conducted in Nagaon district of Assam covering 40 numbers of beneficiaries. The primary data required for the study were collected from selected sample respondents through specially prepared schedules included the data relating to the profile of respondents, adoption of various improved agricultural practices. various approaches by which help progressive farmers to achieve their needs and found that approach like training is the highest frequency through which farmers are getting benefitted. According to the progressive farmers the various mode of dissemination through which the farmers are benefitted are Other Extension activities, Cluster Front Line demonstrations, Front Line Demonstration, On Farm Testing, DFI (Doubling Farmers’ Income) stood 2nd, 3rd, 4th ,5th and 6th rank respectively and reveals farmers perceptions towards impact of KVK technologies amongst Progressive farmers and shows that high level of adoption was seen at 42 per cent followed by medium level of adoption at 40.50 per cent. Progressive farmers suggested thatKVK should emphasise location specific dissemination of more numbers of latest technologies on agriculture and allied sector followed by steady cooperation. Mechanization, Organic farming, Market network and Horticultural sector ranks 3rd, 4th and 5th respectively in order to increase effectiveness of KVK system according to them. It can be recommended that more research works should be done for farmers friendly technology innovation, mechanized agriculture should be popularized to enhance productivity through establishment of sufficient numbers of Custom Hiring Centre and establishment of proper functioning organized market should be developed through Govt. policies.
UM JOVEM MARXISTA NOS PRIMÓRDIOS DA SOCIOLOGIA DO TRABALHO: entrevista com Michel Löwy
Authors: Colturato Festi Ricardo
Published: August 2022

Publicamos a entrevista com Michel Löwy, realizada em sua casa, em Paris, no dia 06 de dezembro de 2016. As questões abordadas buscam explorar melhor (mas não apenas) as experiências do autor durante seu período de formação no curso de ciências sociais da Universidade de São Paulo, assim como a sua militância política, no final da década de 1950. Especificamente, Löwy nos traz um depoimento sobre sua passagem pela sociologia do trabalho, quando participou de uma pesquisa sobre consciência operária dos metalúrgicos do Brasil, sob a supervisão de Azis Simão, professor da USP, e a ajuda de José Albertino Rodrigues, então diretor do Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos (DIEESE). Um dos resultados desta pesquisa foi o artigo “Estrutura e consciência de classe operária no Brasil”, traduzido e publicado neste Dossiê. Esperamos que esta entrevista, assim como o conjunto dos artigos publicados nesta revista, possa instigar os leitores a conhecer melhor a obra desse cativante e polissêmico teórico que é Michel Löwy.
ROMANTICISMO, CRITICA DEL PROGRESO Y ECOSOCIALISMO
Authors: Cantor Renan Vega
Published: August 2022

El objetivo de este artículo radica en mostrar que la propuesta ecosocialista se inscribe dentro de un conjunto de preocupaciones, relacionadas con el romanticismo revolucionario y la crítica al progreso. Se trata, para utilizar una noción tan cara a Löwy, de encontrar las afinidades electivas que existen entre el romanticismo revolucionario, la crítica al progreso y el ecosocialismo. Por ello, en esta exposición, siempre recalcamos las implicaciones ecológicas de las reflexiones de M. Löwy o que se derivan de los autores y problemas que él ha estudiado. ROMANTISMO, CRÍTICA DO PROGRESSO E ECOSSOCIALISMO.Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que a proposta ecossocialista se inscreve num conjunto de preocupações, relacionadas com o romantismo revolucionário e a crítica ao progresso. Trata-se, para utilizar uma noção tão cara a Löwy, de encontrar as afinidades eletivas que existem entre o romantismo revolucionário, a crítica ao progresso e o ecossocialismo. Por isso, nesta exposição, sempre salientamos as implicações ecológicas das reflexões de M. Löwy ou que derivam dos autores e problemas que ele estudou.Palavras-chave: Ecossocialismo. Romantismo revolucionário. Walter Benjamim. Anticapitalismo.  ROMANTISM, PROGRESS CRITICISM AND ECOSOCIALISMAbstract: The purpose of this article is to show that the ecosocialist proposal is part of a set of concerns related to revolutionary romanticism and the critique of progress. It is, to use a notion so dear to Löwy, to find the elective affinities that exist between revolutionary romanticism, criticism of progress and ecosocialism. Therefore, in this exhibition, we always emphasize the ecological implications of the reflections of M. Löwy or that derive from the authors and problems that he has studied.Key words: Ecosocialism. Revolutionary romanticism. Walter Benjamin. Anti-capitalism.Romantisme, critique du progrès et écosocialisme.L'objectif de cet article est de montrer que la proposition écosocialiste s'inscrit dans un ensemble de préoccupations, liées au romantisme révolutionnaire et au critique du progrès. C'est, pour utiliser une notion si chère à Löwy, de trouver les affinités électives qui existent entre le romantisme révolutionnaire, la critique du progrès et l'écosocialisme. Par conséquent, dans cette exposition, nous soulignons toujours les implications écologiques des réflexions de M. Löwy ou qui découlent des auteurs et des problèmes qu'il a étudiés.Mots-clés: Ecosocialisme Romantisme révolutionnaire. Walter Benjamim. Anticapitalisme.
Serum Cystatin C for Estimation of GFR
Authors: Shlipak Michael G. , Inker Lesley A. , Coresh Josef
Published: August 2022

An 80-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and hypertension was referred to the nephrology clinic for persistent hyperkalemia. The patient was frail and sedentary, with a BMI of 37. His estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using creatinine was 64 mL/min/1.73 m2. How would you interpret these results?
Levodopa Content of Mucuna pruriens Supplements in the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database
Authors: Cohen Pieter A. , Avula Bharathi , Katragunta Kumar , Khan Ikhlas
Published: August 2022

This case series assesses the levels of levodopa in Mucuna pruriens supplements available in the US that are included in the National Institutes of Health Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Understanding Synthesis–Structure–Performance Correlations of Nanoarchitectured Activated Carbons for Electrochemical Applications and Carbon Capture
Authors: Zhang Songtao , Zheng Mingbo , Tang Yijian , Zang Rui , Zhang Xinyu , Huang Xiang , Chen Yong , Yamauchi Yusuke , Kaskel Stefan , Pang Huan
Published: August 2022

Activated carbons are one of the most important classes of high‐surface‐area porous materials. Owing to their unique structure, low price, and large‐scale production technology, these porous carbons have been traditionally used as sorbents for eliminating contamination. In the past decade, many innovations have been seen in the synthesis, structure, applications, and theoretical and experimental methods. Herein, a comprehensive review of the up‐to‐date progress of activated carbons is presented from the viewpoint of synthetic chemistry and materials science. First, the critical textural properties are discussed, with special emphasis on the porous texture, heteroatom doping, surface functional groups, and partial graphitization. Next, the advanced synthetic strategies of activated carbons are summarized. Special attention is given to the reaction mechanism between activating agents and carbon sources, as well as the design of controlled forms and morphology. Then, their applicability in various emerging fields is covered, including supercapacitors, capacitive deionization, batteries, electrocatalysis, and carbon capture. In particular, this review highlights the potential synthesis–structure–property correlations of these porous materials. Finally, we present the future challenges and outlook for their success in energy and environmental science.
Z‐scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst Based on Lanthanum Single‐Atom Anchored on Black Phosphorus for Regulating Surface Active Sites, therefore Enhancing Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with ≈100% CO Selectivity
Authors: Wang Qiuye , Dong Liyan , Li Minze , Lu Honglai , Wei Guodong , Qu Yang , Wang Guofeng
Published: August 2022

The advent of Z‐scheme heterojunction makes it possible to improve the CO2 photoreduction efficiency of photocatalyst significantly. However, the reasonable construction of heterojunction and study of the photocatalytic mechanism remains a major challenge. Here, the Z‐scheme heterojunction photocatalyst (BP:La/InVO4:La) based on La single atom anchored on black phosphorus for photocatalytic CO2 reduction with ≈100% CO selectivity is successfully constructed. The CO generation rate of BP:La/5‐InVO4:La is ≈7.9 and 4.9 times higher than black phosphorus  and InVO4, respectively. The results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and density functional theory  indicate that the BP:La/InVO4:La belongs to the Z‐scheme heterojunction, and the La single atom plays multiple roles such as regulating surface active sites, promoting CO2 absorption, and increasing O defects, which can further contribute to the improvement of photocatalytic performance. The enhanced selectivity of the Z‐scheme heterojunction is further demonstrated by calculating the rate‐determining steps and selectivity‐determining steps. The results are expected to provide unique ideas for the rational design of rare earth composite photocatalyst.
Bottom‐Up Interfacial Design of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient and Selective Electrocatalysis of CO2
Authors: He Ting , Yang Chenhuai , Chen Yongzhi , Huang Ning , Duan Shuming , Zhang Zhicheng , Hu Wenping , Jiang Donglin
Published: August 2022

Assembling molecular catalytic centers into crosslinked networks is widely used to fabricate heterogeneous catalysts but they often suffer loss in activity and selectivity accompanied by unclear causes. Here, a strategy for the construction of heterogeneous catalysts to induce activity and selectivity by bottom‐up introduction of segregated electron‐conduction and mass‐transport interfaces into the catalytic materials is reported. The catalytic skeletons are designed to possess different π orderings for electron motion and the open channels are tailored to install finely engineered walls for mass transport, so that origins of activity and selectivity are correlated. The resultant covalent organic framework catalysts with ordered π skeletons and solvophobic pores increase activity by two orders of magnitude, enhance selectivity and energy efficiency by 70‐fold, and broaden the voltage range, to promote CO2 transformation under ambient conditions. The results open a way to precise interfacial design of actionable heterogeneous catalysts for producing feedstocks from CO2.
On‐Demand Plasmon Nanoparticle‐Embedded Laser‐Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSSs) on Silicon for Optical Nanosensing
Authors: Borodaenko Yulia , Syubaev Sergey , Khairullina Evgeniia , Tumkin Ilya , Gurbatov Stanislav , Mironenko Aleksandr , Mitsai Eugeny , Zhizhchenko Alexey , Modin Evgeny , Gurevich Evgeny L. , Kuchmizhak Aleksandr A.
Published: August 2022

Ultrashort laser pulses deliver electromagnetic energy to matter causing its localized heating that can be used for both material removal via ablation/evaporation and driving interface chemical reactions. Here, it is shown that both mentioned processes can be simultaneously combined within straightforward laser nanotexturing of Si wafer in a functionalizing solution to produce a practically relevant metal–semiconductor surface nano‐morphology. Such unique hybrid morphology represents deep‐subwavelength Si laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) with an extremely short period down to 70 nm and high‐aspect‐ratio nano‐trenches loaded with controllable amount of plasmonic nanoparticles formed via laser‐induced decomposition of the precursor noble‐metal salts. Moreover, heat localization driving reduction process is utilized to produce surface morphology locally decorated with dissimilar plasmon‐active nanoparticles. Light‐absorbing deep‐subwavelength Si LIPSSs loaded with controllable amount of noble‐metal nanoparticles represent an attractive architecture for plasmon‐related applications such as optical nanosensing where efficient coupling of the propagating optical waves to highly localized electromagnetic “hot spots” is a mandatory requirement. To support this statement, applicability of such hybrid morphology for fluorescence‐based detection of nanomolar concentrations of mercury cations in solution is demonstrated.
Multifunctional Organic Vertical Photodiodes for Photo‐Detection and Photo‐Synapse Enabled by Modulation of the Interface Energy Barrier
Authors: Liu Tianhua , Lin Qijie , Ma Yao , Wang Song , Chen Hao , Wei Yanan , Song Yu , Shen Liang , Huang Fei , Huang Hui
Published: August 2022

Multifunctional organic optoelectronic devices are of great significance for the development of low‐energy consumption and space‐constrained systems. Herein, multifunctional organic photodiodes integrating transient light detection and photo‐synaptic functions in one device are unprecedentedly achieved upon readily changing the direction of the external bias. Under negative bias, the devices exhibit excellent photodetection performance with high shot‐noise‐limited specific detectivity ( > 1013 Jones) in the range from ultraviolet, visible, to near infrared and large linear dynamic range (188 dB at 915 nm), which are among the best organic photodetectors. Interestingly, the photodiode devices change to work as organic photosynapses upon tuning the external bias to be positive. Associative learning behavior is successfully simulated in an all‐optical way, while high image recognition accuracy (>80%) is realized based on artificial neural network. The mechanism studies reveal that the interface energy barrier is critical for achieving the multi‐function in one device. Finally, the universality of electrically switchable transient light detection and photo‐synaptic functions is further studied. This work provides a novel method for constructing vertical diode‐type organic optical synapses and developing multifunctional organic electronics.
Eliminating Lightning‐Rod Effect of Lithium Anodes via Sine‐Wave Analogous MXene Layers
Authors: Gu Jianan , Chen Hao , Shi Yu , Cao Zhenjiang , Du Zhiguo , Li Bin , Yang Shubin
Published: August 2022

Lithium metal anodes are regarded as the most promising candidate for rechargeable lithium‐based batteries, but uncontrollable Li dendrites hinder further applications. Here, sine‐wave analogous MXene (Ti3C2Tx) (SWA‐MXene) layers are produced by spreading aqueous MXene dispersion onto the sectional surface of a metallic coil and subsequently drying at room temperature. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations demonstrate that the low curvature in SWA‐MXene layers homogenizes the distributions of lithium ions and electric field, efficiently eliminating the lightning‐rod effect on the surface of aligned electrodes in the process of Li deposition. As a result, the flexible SWA‐MXene layers show a low overpotential for lithium nucleation (≈13.5 mV at 0.05 mA cm−2) and deep plating–stripping capacities up to 40 mAh cm−2, as well as a long cycle life up to 1250 h. Full cells consisting of a SWA‐MXene–Li anode and a LiFePO4 cathode also exhibit a durable cycle life up to 420 cycles at 1088 mA g−1.
Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of n‐i‐p Perovskite Solar Cells by Incorporation of Fluorinated Graphene in the Spiro‐OMeTAD Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Lou Qiang , Lou Gang , Guo Hailing , Sun Tian , Wang Chunyun , Chai Gaoda , Chen Xia , Yang Guoshen , Guo Yuzheng , Zhou Hang
Published: August 2022

Spiro‐OMeTAD is one of the most used hole transport layers (HTLs) in high efficiency n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, due to the unsatisfactory conductivity of pristine Spiro‐OMeTAD, additives such as tert‐butylpyridine (tBP) and lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)‐imide (LiTFSI) are required to improve its hole transportation. The hygroscopic nature of these additives inevitably deteriorates the device's stability. Here, it is shown that by adding fluorinated graphene (FG) into the Li‐TFSI and tBP doped Spiro‐OMeTAD, both efficiency and stability of the PSCs are significantly enhanced. Using the FG incorporated Spiro‐OMeTAD HTL, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC reaches 21.92%, which is 11.8% higher than the original device. The FG not only improves the hole mobility of Spiro‐OMeTAD but also effectively reduces the amount of lithium ions in the perovskite layer and improves the hydrophobicity of the HTL. The FG incorporating cell shows better stability, maintaining 90% of initial efficiency over a 2400 h test in ambient conditions with 25% humidity. Finally, it is further demonstrated that the valence band of FG incorporated Spiro‐OMeTAD HTL has a positive effect on PSCs with a 2D interfacial layer, achieving an impressive PCE of 23.14% and a Voc of 1.226 V.
Wide Bandgap Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells for Stray Light Recycling in a System Emitting Broadband Polarized Light
Authors: Martínez‐Denegri Guillermo , Ferreira Catarina G. , Ruiz‐Preciado Marco A. , Fassl Paul , Kramarenko Mariia , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Martorell Jordi
Published: August 2022

Perovskite based photovoltaic (PV) cells are unique in combining low open‐circuit voltage losses with a broad bandgap tunability. This makes them an ideal PV cell to recycle photons back into electrical power in a variety of illumination systems or light emitting devices. Here, advantage of these features is taken and wide bandgap (WBG) perovskite PV cells are incorporated in devices suitable for display illumination and demonstrate a high yield in stray light recycling back into electricity with up to a 37.5% power conversion efficiency. The specific device considered is a modified half‐cylinder photonic plate designed to emit diffused broadband polarized light using a nonabsorbing reflective polarizer based on a random dielectric layer distribution. It is experimentally demonstrated that light recycling using appropriately tuned WBG perovskite PV cells becomes very efficient when implemented in systems where the light is emitted from narrowband sources, even if the emission spans a broad wavelength range.
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed, γ‐C(sp2)−H Alkoxylation in α‐Methylbenzylamine, Phenylglycinol, 3‐Amino‐3‐Phenylpropanol Toward Enantiopure Aryl Alkyl Ethers
Authors: Aggarwal Yashika , Padmavathi Rayavarapu , Singh Prabhakar , Arulananda Babu Srinivasarao
Published: August 2022

This paper reports the synthesis of enantiopure aryl alkyl ethers via the Pd(II)‐catalyzed picolinamide‐aided γ‐C(sp2)−H alkoxylation of various enantiopure α‐alkylbenzylamine derivatives using alcohols. Enantiopure α‐methylbenzylamines and amino alcohol substrates such as 2‐amino‐2‐phenylethanol (phenylglycinol) and 3‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanol were subjected to the γ‐C(sp2)−H alkoxylation (etherification) with alcohols using PIDA. α‐Alkylbenzylamines and phenylglycinols are valuable building blocks in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry research areas. Accordingly, this work has enabled the assembling of various enantiopure ortho‐alkoxylated α‐methylbenzylamine and 2‐amino‐2‐phenylethanol (phenylglycinol) and 3‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanol derivatives containing aryl alkyl ether functionality. We have shown the utility of ortho‐alkoxylated α‐methylbenzylamine derivatives for assembling enantiopure α‐methylbenzylamine‐based sulfamoylcarbamates and carboxamides which are structurally related to the bio‐active compounds known in the literature. This work demonstrates the substrate scope elaboration in C−H functionalization and etherification through the C−O bond‐forming process and synthesis of aryl alkyl ether functionality containing enantiopure α‐alkylbenzylamines.
Work productivity and activity impairment in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery—A prospective, multi‐institutional study
Authors: Pandrangi Vivek C. , Mace Jess C. , Kim Jee‐Hong , Geltzeiler Mathew , Detwiller Kara Y. , Soler Zachary M. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Mattos Jose L. , Smith Timothy L.
Published: August 2022

Background

Productivity loss and activity limitations due to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are known to contribute to the significant economic and personal burden of disease. The purpose of this study was to assess productivity and activity impairment before and after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for medically refractory CRS.

Methods

This investigation was a prospective, multi‐institutional, observational cohort study. Patients diagnosed with medically refractory CRS completed the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment—Specific Health Problem (WPAI‐SHP) questionnaire before surgery and approximately 6 months after the procedure. Factors associated with minimal clinical important differences (MCIDs) for productivity and activity impairment were identified.

Results

A total of 279 study participants were screened for inclusion, of whom 176 (63.1%) with postoperative follow‐up were included in the final cohort. Preoperative productivity and activity impairment were observed in 63.2% and 69.8% of the patients, respectively. Among these patients, postoperative improvement equaling at least 1 MCID was reported in both productivity (76.1%) and activity (76.4%) impairments. Multivariate regression identified sphenoidotomy (odds ratio [OR], 4.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03‐17.02) as the only factor associated with increased likelihood of productivity improvement, whereas septoplasty during ESS (OR, 8.45; 95% CI, 2.33‐30.68) and migraine (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.12‐0.96) were associated with differential odds of activity improvement.

Conclusion

CRS is associated with a substantial burden on productivity and activity that significantly improves after treatment with ESS. These data may facilitate improved patient counseling and shared decision‐making regarding surgical management for CRS.
Using Alzheimer's disease blood tests to accelerate clinical trial enrollment
Authors: Schindler Suzanne E. , Li Yan , Li Melody , Despotis Alyssa , Park Ethan , Vittert Liberty , Hamilton Barton H. , Womack Kyle B. , Saef Benjamin , Holtzman David M. , Morris John C. , Bateman Randall J. , Gupta Mahendra R.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Screening potential participants in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) is often time consuming and expensive.

Methods

A web‐based application was developed to model the time and financial cost of screening for AD clinical trials. Four screening approaches were compared; three approaches included an AD blood test at different stages of the screening process.

Results

The traditional screening approach using only amyloid PET was the most time consuming and expensive. Incorporating an AD blood test at any point in the screening process decreased both the time and financial cost of trial enrollment. Improvements in AD blood test accuracy over currently available tests only marginally increased savings. Use of a high specificity cut‐off may improve the feasibility of screening with only an AD blood test.

Discussion

Incorporating AD blood tests into screening for AD clinical trials may reduce the time and financial cost of enrollment.

HIGHLIGHTS

The time and cost of enrolling participants in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials were modeled.

A web‐based application was developed to enable evaluation of key parameters.

AD blood tests may decrease the time and financial cost of clinical trial enrollment.

Improvements in AD blood test accuracy only marginally increased savings.

Use of a high specificity cut‐off may enable screening with only an AD blood test.
5‐Year Associations among Cerebral Arterial Pulsatility, Perivascular Space Dilation, and White Matter Lesions
Authors: Vikner Tomas , Karalija Nina , Eklund Anders , Malm Jan , Lundquist Anders , Gallewicz Nikodemus , Dahlin Magnus , Lindenberger Ulman , Riklund Katrine , Bäckman Lars , Nyberg Lars , Wåhlin Anders
Published: August 2022

Objective

High cerebral arterial pulsatility index (PI), white matter lesions (WMLs), enlarged perivascular spaces (PVSs), and lacunar infarcts are common findings in the elderly population, and considered indicators of small vessel disease (SVD). Here, we investigate the potential temporal ordering among these variables, with emphasis on determining whether high PI is an early or delayed manifestation of SVD.

Methods

In a population‐based cohort, 4D flow MRI data for cerebral arterial pulsatility was collected for 159 participants at baseline (age 64–68), and for 122 participants at follow‐up 5 years later. Structural MRI was used for WML and PVS segmentation, and lacune identification. Linear mixed‐effects (LME) models were used to model longitudinal changes testing for pairwise associations, and latent change score (LCS) models to model multiple relationships among variables simultaneously.

Results

Longitudinal 5‐year increases were found for WML, PVS, and PI. Cerebral arterial PI at baseline did not predict changes in WML or PVS volume. However, WML and PVS volume at baseline predicted 5‐year increases in PI. This was shown for PI increases in relation to baseline WML and PVS volumes using LME models (R  0.24; p < 0.02 and R  0.23; p < 0.03, respectively) and LCS models ( = 0.28; p = 0.015 and  = 0.28; p = 0.009, respectively). Lacunes at baseline were unrelated to PI.

Interpretation

In healthy older adults, indicators of SVD are related in a lead–lag fashion, in which the expression of WML and PVS precedes increases in cerebral arterial PI. Hence, we propose that elevated PI is a relatively late manifestation, rather than a risk factor, for cerebral SVD. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:871–881
From waste to wealth: A critical review on advanced materials for EMI shielding
Authors: Zachariah Suji Mary , Antony Tinu , Grohens Yves , Thomas Sabu
Published: August 2022

Solid waste generation has increased enormously due to development in a fast‐moving world. Large amounts of industrial and agricultural waste are either incinerated or subject to landfilling, accounting for increasing air and water pollution. The 3 “R”s of waste management, reduce, reuse, and recycle, in most cases, deduce themselves to a theoretical topic. However, a stage has reached where the primary importance should be given to waste management and sustainable development where reprocessing the materials into new functional materials helps to reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials and reduces various forms of pollution. In this context, this review focuses on eliminating adverse environmental impacts of solid wastes by using various industrial by‐products and bio‐wastes as raw materials for EMI (Electromagnetic interference) shielding applications. In this review, we covered the sources, effects of electromagnetic radiation, mechanism, and factors affecting EMI shielding, synthesis of shielding materials derived from animal waste, agricultural waste, paper waste, fly ash, rubber waste. Thus, this review opens up novel opportunities by upcycling waste materials from multiple sources into highly efficient shielding materials.
Adverse maternal environment alters Oprl1 variant expression in mouse hippocampus
Authors: Ke Xingrao , Huang Yingliu , Fu Qi , Majnik Amber , Sampath Venkatesh , Lane Robert H.
Published: August 2022

An adverse maternal environment (AME) and Western diet (WD) in early life predispose offspring toward cognitive impairment in humans and mice. Cognitive impairment associates with hippocampal dysfunction. An important regulator of hippocampal function is the hippocampal Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) system. Previous studies find links between dysregulation of hippocampal N/OFQ receptor (NOP) expression and impaired cognitive function. NOP is encoded by the opioid receptor‐like 1 (Oprl1) gene that contains multiple mRNA variants and isoforms. Regulation of Oprl1 expression includes histone modifications within the promoter. We tested the hypothesis that an AME and a postweaning WD increase the expression of hippocampal Oprl1 and select variants concurrent with altered histone code in the promoter. We created an AME‐WD model combining maternal WD and prenatal environmental stress plus postweaning WD in the mouse. We analyzed the hippocampal expression of Oprl1, Oprl1 variants, and histone modifications in the Oprl1 promoter in offspring at postnatal day (P) 21 and P100. An AME and an AME‐WD significantly increased the total hippocampal expression of Oprl1 and variant V4 concurrently with an increased accumulation of active histone marks in the promoter of male offspring. We concluded that an AME and an AME‐WD alter hippocampal Oprl1 expression in offspring through an epigenetic mechanism in a variant‐specific and sex‐specific manner. Altered hippocampal Oprl1 expression may contribute to cognitive impairment seen in adult males in this model. Epigenetic regulation of Oprl1 is a potential mechanism by which an AME and a WD may contribute to neurocognitive impairment in male offspring.
Effect of ABCB1 gene variants on rivaroxaban pharmacokinetic and hemorrhage events occurring in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhang Dan , Qin Wei , Du Wenwen , Wang Xiaoxing , Chen Wenqian , Li Pengmei
Published: August 2022

Hemorrhage events occur most frequently in anticoagulant therapy for non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Rivaroxaban is used widely for routine anticoagulation care. Genetic polymorphisms are thought to contribute to the wide intraindividual variability seen in rivaroxaban metabolism and the anticoagulant response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drug transport related single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on rivaroxaban metabolism and on the risk of a hemorrhage event. A total of 216 Chinese patients with NVAF were enrolled in the study. Rivaroxaban was used for anticoagulation therapy. Rivaroxaban plasma concentrations were detected using a validated ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method. Seven SNPs in four genes were genotyped using the Sanger dideoxy DNA sequencing method. Associations between genotype variants, the incidence of hemorrhage events, and the time of bleeding were analyzed. ABCB1 2677G (rs2032582) variation was highly associated with the dose‐adjusted rivaroxaban peak concentration in plasma (Cmax/D) (p = 0.025, FDR = 0.042). The ABCB1 G allele carriers had a higher rivaroxaban Cmax/D than non‐carriers. Logistic regression showed that rivaroxaban Cmax/D and ABCB1 genotype variants were associated with a higher incidence of hemorrhage events. No statistically significant difference was found between ABCB1 genotypes and the time of bleeding after anticoagulant therapy in 30 days. These results indicated that ABCB1 2677G (rs2032582) genetic variant affects the rivaroxaban Cmax/Dose and the incidence of hemorrhage events significantly.
On the relevance of prognostic information for clinical trials: A theoretical quantification
Authors: Siegfried Sandra , Senn Stephen , Hothorn Torsten
Published: August 2022

The question of how individual patient data from cohort studies or historical clinical trials can be leveraged for designing more powerful, or smaller yet equally powerful, clinical trials becomes increasingly important in the era of digitalization. Today, the traditional statistical analyses approaches may seem questionable to practitioners in light of ubiquitous historical prognostic information. Several methodological developments aim at incorporating historical information in the design and analysis of future clinical trials, most importantly Bayesian information borrowing, propensity score methods, stratification, and covariate adjustment. Adjusting the analysis with respect to a prognostic score, which was obtained from some model applied to historical data, received renewed interest from a machine learning perspective, and we study the potential of this approach for randomized clinical trials. In an idealized situation of a normal outcome in a two‐arm trial with 1:1 allocation, we derive a simple sample size reduction formula as a function of two criteria characterizing the prognostic score: (1) the coefficient of determination R2 on historical data and (2) the correlation ρ between the estimated and the true unknown prognostic scores. While maintaining the same power, the original total sample size n planned for the unadjusted analysis reduces to in an adjusted analysis. Robustness in less ideal situations was assessed empirically. We conclude that there is potential for substantially more powerful or smaller trials, but only when prognostic scores can be accurately estimated.
Can low‐carbon development force enterprises to make digital transformation?
Authors: Chen Wen
Published: August 2022

Enterprises need to innovate business strategies to deal with the negative effects of low‐carbon development, among which digital transformation is an important breakthrough technology. This paper discusses the impact of low‐carbon development on enterprises' digital transformation. Theoretical analysis shows that environmental regulations driven by low‐carbon development have the compensatory effect of stimulating enterprise digital transformation to mitigate misallocation of capital and labor, especially for enterprises with higher productivity. In addition, both the construction of network infrastructure and the development of digital finance can strengthen the incentives for enterprises' digital transformation. The empirical tests based on Chinese A‐share listed enterprises show that the degree of enterprises' digital transformation increases by 0.0122 standard deviation for every one standard deviation reduction in regional carbon emission intensity. These results deepen the understanding of the relationship between green development and microenterprise digitalization.
Serious games in future skills development: A systematic review of the design approaches
Authors: Gurbuz Suleyman C. , Celik Metin
Published: August 2022

Serious games offer a magnificent potential for developing future skills along with the 21st‐century learning ecosystem. A close nexus between the design and effectiveness of serious games is still argued. In this regard, the current study provides a systematic literature review on serious game design approaches with a special focus on future skill development. A systematic review protocol, including planning, conducting, and reporting stages, is followed to comprehensively interpret the existing studies. Applying quality controls, 32 serious game studies which include a practical serious game design approach are selected. For providing a more systematic analysis, these approaches are then categorized based on the intended outcome of the serious game that the approach aims to facilitate. It is found that 8 (25%) of these design approaches support at least one future skills, among which problem‐solving as well as collaboration and teamwork are the most commonly supported ones. It is also discovered that clear goals and interactivity, used in 6 (75%) and 5 (63%) of the 8 design approaches respectively, are the most commonly implemented game design elements. Considering the significant literature gap on the implementation of serious games for future skills development, this study consequently provides valuable insights for the game designers, software developers, educational technology researchers, and engineering educators in various domains.
The design and implementation of a 16 bit floating point arithmetic unit using BZK.SAU.FPGA microcomputer assembly language
Authors: Öztekin Halit , Kişioğlu Hakan , Gülbağ Ali , Temurtaş Feyzullah
Published: August 2022

The microcomputer architecture named BZK.SAU.FPGA, which was developed in 2014, was used to increase efficiency in the teaching of the Computer Architecture and Organization course, which is one of the basic courses of the Department of Computer Engineering. In the last version released in 2018, the architecture has been started to be used in many engineering disciplines with its modular structure and a basic operating system. However, this architecture uses fixed‐point numbers in arithmetic operations. Although this situation contributes to its use as an educational tool at the beginner level for new learners, the fact that it cannot operate with floating point numbers is one of the biggest shortcomings of the educational tool. Floating point numbers are used extensively in applications such as mathematical analysis, signal processing, image processing, and so on. Therefore, in this study, the FPA unit for the computation of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations is integrated into this architecture. For FPA unit implementation, an assembly‐level program has been embedded in the architecture using an IEEE‐754 half‐precision binary format (FP16) with the aim of presenting the fundamental of the floating‐point computation. The FPA unit proposed to observe the behavior of floating point numbers in arithmetic operations and increase awareness of these issues was used as an auxiliary tool in the computer architecture course. A pre‐ and postsurvey study was conducted to see the learning outcomes of students using this tool on floating point numbers. We found a significant association between pre‐ and postsurvey, indicating that students' knowledge about the behavior of floating point numbers increased (p < .001).
Two Novel Flavonoids with Lipid‐Lowering Activity from Yi Medicine Shekaqi
Authors: Lin Yu‐Ping , Fu Sheng‐Nan , Li Xin‐Ping , Wang Meng‐Meng , Fang Qiong‐Lian , Qiao Xue , Yan Qi , Hua Yan
Published: August 2022

Yi medicine Shekaqi is the most attractive traditional ethnic medicine due to its significant and diverse pharmacological activities. Two novel flavonoids, including 5,2′‐dihydroxy‐6‐methoxy‐7‐decyloxyflavone and tenaxin II‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronopyranosyl acid butyl ester, along with six known flavonoids, were isolated from Yi medicine Shekaqi. Their structures were elucidated based on the analysis of their comprehensive spectral data. The in vitro lipid‐lowering activities of the eight compounds showed that all the compounds significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced increase in the total cholesterol (TC) level, while compounds 1, 4, 6, 7, and 8 significantly inhibited the LPS‐induced increase in the triglyceride (TG) level.
Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Indole Derivatives of Panaxadiol
Authors: Han Linlin , Li Tao , Miao Dongyu , Lee Jungjoon , Xiao Shengnan , Piao Huri , Zhao Yuqing
Published: August 2022

Based on the well‐known cytotoxicity of indole compounds, we used the ‘Fisher indole synthesis’ method to introduce appropriately substituted indole rings into panaxadiol (PD), generating eighteen novel Panaxadiol indole derivatives. Six human cancer cell lines (A549, HepG‐2, HCT‐116, SGC‐7901, MDA‐MB‐231, PC‐3 cells) and one normal ovarian cell lines (IOSE144) were designed to evaluate the anti‐proliferative activity of the PD derivatives. The results showed that the majority of PD derivatives showed enhanced anti‐proliferative activity, when compared with PD, with P‐Methylindolo‐PD exhibiting the highest cytotoxicity. In A549 cells, IC50 value was 5.01±0.87 μM, which is roughly 12 times higher than the activity of PD and 5 times that of 5‐FU. Moreover, cell morphology analysis and Annexin V‐FITC/PI assays exhibited that P‐Methylindolo‐PD could induce A549 cell apoptosis (55.7 % of apoptotic cells at 20 μM). Moreover, molecular docking experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanism underlining the binding of P‐Methylindolo‐PD to the active site of EGFR. The results support that P‐Methylindolo‐PD might be a promising lead compound for further studies.
Sustainable Polyurethane‐Derived Heteroatom‐Doped Electrode Materials for Advanced Supercapacitors
Authors: Tang Jianguo , Zhao Yi , Sunarso Jaka , Wong Ngie Hing , Zhou Jin , Zhuo Shuping
Published: August 2022

This work presented a new method to recycle rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) waste. A two‐step method to carbonize and activate RPUF was applied to synthesize sustainable polyurethane‐derived N, O co‐doped electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs). Structural characterization showed a three‐dimensional honeycomb‐like pore structure rich with micro/mesopores formed with a 3647 m2 g−1 maximum specific surface area (SSA), and 2.04 at.% N and 8.30 at.% O were successfully co‐doped into the polyurethane porous carbons (PPCs). These properties created synergistic effects that enhanced the ion storage capacity and pseudocapacitance of the synthesized PPCs. As a result, the optimal PPC‐500‐800‐3 yielded excellent maximum specific capacitance in a three‐electrode (487 F g−1) and symmetric SC (324 F g−1) systems in a 1 m H2SO4 electrolyte at 1 A g−1 current density. Moreover, for the LiTFSI/H2O/(ACN)3.5 electrolyte, PPC‐500‐800‐3 produced a maximum energy density of 29.36 W kg−1 in a symmetric SC. After 10,000 cycles, PPC‐500‐800‐3 could achieve high cycling stability, maintaining 96.8 % of the initial capacitance at a 5 A g−1 current density.
Development of TfOH‐Catalyzed Spirocyclization by Intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts‐type 1,4‐Addition: Application to the Total Synthesis of the Unusual Proaporphine Alkaloid (±)‐Misrametine
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Hidaka Arisa , Fukami Yuri , Fujino Yuta , Imaizumi Yuri , Takao Ken‐ichi , Kitagaki Shinji
Published: August 2022

An effective method was developed for TfOH‐catalyzed construction of spiroindanes and spirotetralines containing an all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter. Intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts‐type 1,4‐addition of the substrates which were di‐ or trimethoxybenzene and 2‐cyclohexenone linked by an alkyl chain proceeded smoothly in the presence of 30 mol % of TfOH. A variety of spiroindanes and spirotetralines were obtained with moderate to excellent yield by this method. The reaction was successfully applied in the first total synthesis of the unusual proaporphine alkaloid (±)‐misrametine, which included the gram‐scale spirocyclization and selective O‐demethylation used KCN in DMSO condition as key steps.
CeO2C2 Nanoparticles with Oxygen‐Enriched Vacancies In‐site Self‐embedded in Fe, N Co‐doped Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst for Zn‐Air Battery†
Authors: Zhang Mingxin , Peng Hui , Sun Kanjun , Xie Xuan , Lei Xiaofei , Liu Sitong , Ma Guofu , Lei Ziqiang
Published: August 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Rational design of robust non‐noble electrocatalysts with numerous oxygen vacancies and highly reactive activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) towards Zn‐air batteries is extremely paramount yet challenging. Herein, a novel CeO2C2 nanoparticles self‐embedded in Fe, N co‐doped carbon nanofibers (CeO2C2@Fe‐N‐C) heterostructure catalyst has been prepared by the in‐site dual template assisted electrospinning technique and subsequent high temperature pyrolysis strategy. Thanks to the CeO2C2 with oxygen‐enriched vacancies and versatile Fe‐N‐C with rich reactive species and high conductivity, CeO2C2@Fe‐N‐C catalyst exhibits outstanding catalytic performance in the ORR process, and shows excellent methanol tolerance and cycle stability. In addition, CeO2C2@Fe‐N‐C delivers a nearly four‐electron transfer process in the process of oxygen reduction catalysis, providing a fast‐electrochemical kinetic rate, which makes it an efficient air cathode for the Zn‐air battery. Importantly, the Zn‐air battery fabricated with CeO2C2@Fe‐N‐C cathode achieves superior performance including large open‐circuit voltage (1.5 V) and high specific capacity (780 mAh·g–1 at 10 mA·cm–2) together with superior reversibility and cycling stability, outperforming commercial Pt/C catalyst. The present work introduces a new strategy to design and develop highly active non‐noble catalysts and highlights the synergy from heterostructure in oxygen electrocatalysis for advanced Zn‐air batteries.
Visible‐Light Photocatalytic and Photo‐bactericidal Activity of Ni‐CuWO4/OTiO2 Composite†
Authors: Meng Shuangyan , Li Li , Xi Hui , Yang Jing , Xiao Ting , Zuo Rui , Xu Xueqing , Lei Ziqiang , Yang Zhiwang , Xue Qunji
Published: August 2022

Comprehensive Summary

A series of nickel‐doped copper tungstate/oxygen‐rich TiO2 heterojunction‐constructed composites of xNi‐CuWO4/OTiO2 were successfully prepared to demonstrate the enhancement of the visible‐light photoactivity through promoting the photogenerated charge carrier separation efficiency. Of all these composites, 0.2Ni‐CuWO4/OTiO2 exhibits excellent and stable visible light photoactivity for the photooxidative coupling of benzylamine to the corresponding N‐benzyl‐1‐phenymethanimine (BPMI) in air atmosphere. The conversion of benzylamine and the selectivity to BPMI reach 97% and 99%, respectively. The catalyst shows good cyclability with the conversion of benzylamine decreasing just by 22% after being repeated six times with the well‐maintained selectivity of BPMI. The composite also exhibits excellent photo‐bactericidal ability, which greatly inhibits the reproducing of both the Gram‐positive bacteria (e.g., S. epidermidis) and Gram‐negative bacteria (e.g., E. coli).