bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Combinations in Deguelia (Leguminosae, Papilionioideae) for the Guiana Shield
Authors: CAMARGO RODRIGO A. , TOZZI ANA MARIA G.A.
Published: June 2018

Until the end of the past century, Deguelia species had been described or combined under the taxa Lonchocarpus and Derris. Although most of the species have recently been combined in some regional studies, four endemic species from the Guiana Shield (one of which also occurs in adjacent areas of Venezuela and Colombia) remain to be combined under Deguelia. Here, we propose new combinations for Lonchocarpus chrysophyllus, Lonchocarpus martynii, Lonchocarpus pictus and Lonchocarpus rufescens, with comments on their taxonomy, distribution, ecology and vernacular names. Furthermore, two new synonyms and five lectotypes are proposed here.
Three new records of cheilanthoid ferns for Vietnam
Authors: ZHAO JUNWEN , YANG WENLI , WANG CAIHONG , ZHANG GANGMIN
Published: June 2018

Three new records of cheilanthoid ferns for Vietnam, i.e., Aleuritopteris sichouensis, A. formosana, and Cheilanthes fragilis are reported. Illustrations and notes on geographical distribution, habitat and taxonomy are also provided.
Distimake rhynchorhiza (Dalzell) Simões & Staples (Convolvulaceae) back from the brink: synopsis and lectotypification of a little known species from the Western Ghats (India)
Authors: SIMÕES ANA RITA , MORE SUSHANT
Published: June 2018

Distimake rhynchorhiza is an enigmatic Indian species considered rare and endangered, particularly concerning for occurring in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. It has been rarely collected since it was described in 1851 and very few taxonomic works since then seem to mention it. A targeted effort was done to locate this rare species and gather more information about it. We present in this study a full taxonomic account, with nomenclatural correction of its epithet, and lectotypification. The fruit and seeds are documented for the first time. The distribution range is increased and its morphology and ecology better characterized, as well as illustrated with colour photographs from a recent collection. We conclude that the species is widely distributed across Western India, and not a narrow endemic as initially thought; we also propose its conservation status to be lowered from Endangered to Vulnerable given the new data available. Morphologically, it presents an uncanny resemblance to some Central and South American species of Distimake; being the only species that is endemic to India within an otherwise more South American and African diverse genus raises several questions about the taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Distimake as a genus. This study brings attention to a species that has been mostly overlooked, and provides a foundation for molecular, biogeographic and evolutionary studies in the genus, as well as a modest contribution to the knowledge of the biodiversity in the Western Ghats.
Chimonocalamus auriculatus, one more new temperate woody bamboo species of the genus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Arundinarieae) described from Thailand
Authors: SUNGKAEW SARAWOOD , HODKINSON TREVOR R. , XIA NIANHE , TEERAWATANANON ATCHARA
Published: June 2018

Chimonocalamus auriculatus, a temperate woody bamboo (Arundinarieae), from the border between Thailand and Lao PDR, is described and illustrated here. In its vegetative state, the new species can be distinguished from all the other Chimonocalamus species by its conspicuous auricles and oral setae (bristles) on the culm leaf sheath.
Taxonomic treatment of the Funariaceae from Brazil
Authors: DIAS MARIA SULAMITA , PERALTA DENILSON FERNANDES , DA SILVA NETO SEBASTIÃO JOSÉ
Published: June 2018

Three genera and eleven species of Funariaceae are recognized for Brazil: Entosthodon Schwägr. (4 species), Funaria Hedw. (2 species), and Physcomitrium (Brid.) Brid. (5 species). Entosthodon ramulosus (Hampe) M.S.Dias & D.F.Peralta is a new combination, three lectotypes are indicated, and thirteen names are placed in synonymy: Funaria beyrichii Hampe with F. calvescens Schwägr., Funaria luteo-limbata Broth. and Entosthodon obtuso-apiculatus Mull.Hal. with Entosthodon ramulosus; Physcomitrium flavum (Müll.Hal.) Broth. with Entosthodon bonplandii (Hook.) Mitt.; Physcomitrium badium Broth. with P. umbonatum Mitt.; Physcomitrium lindmanii Broth. and P. convolutaceum Müll.Hal. with P. thieleanum Hampe; Physcomitrium acutifolium Broth., P. brevirostre Broth., P. serrulatum Mitt., P. cupulare Müll.Hal., P. platyphylloides Paris and P. sylvestre Müll.Hal. with P. subsphaericum Schimp. Six names are excluded from Brazil moss flora. Keys, diagnostic descriptions, and illustrations are presented for all recognized species.
An annotated checklist and key to Eugenia (Myrtaceae) from Congo (Brazzaville)
Authors: BYNG JAMES W. , SNOW NEIL
Published: June 2018

We present an annotated checklist of the eight known Eugenia species from Congo (Brazzaville) with information on their distribution, ecology and consulted specimens. Four lectotypes are designated here for species occurring in the country.
Taxonomic review of the genus Argyrops (Perciformes; Sparidae) with three new species from the Indo-West Pacific
Authors: IWATSUKI YUKIO , HEEMSTRA PHILLIP C.
Published: June 2018

The Indo-West Pacific sparid genus Argyrops is reviewed, with four valid species and three new species: A. bleekeri Oshi-ma, 1927, A. filamentosus (Valenciennes, 1830), A. megalommatus (Klunzinger, 1870), A. spinifer (Forsskål, 1775), A. caeruleops n. sp., A. flavops n. sp. and A. notialis n. sp. The above seven species can be differentiated on meristic values, ontogenetic and morphological characters, and coloration. Argyrops bleekeri from the western Pacific and A. notialis n. sp. from Western Australia both have only one rudimentary dorsal-fin spine on the first dorsal pterygiophore (which defines the Argyrops bleekeri complex), while the five other congeners have two rudimentary dorsal-fin spines, both associated with the first dorsal pterygiophore. Argyrops filamentosus, A. megalommatus, and A. caeruleops n. sp. have the 3rd dorsal-fin spine filamentous and longest, the defining character of the A. filamentosus complex. Argyrops spinifer (from the Indian Ocean) and A. flavops n. sp. (from the Middle East to Pakistan, but not the Red Sea and probably rare in the Persian Gulf) differ from other complexes in having 4–6 elongated or filamentous dorsal-fin spines (usually 3rd–6th [four spines] or 3rd–8th [six spines]) in juveniles and subadults, with the first 2 dorsal-fin spines rudimentary, the characteristic of the A. spinifer complex. The above three complexes include the seven Argyrops species that are defined and supported by morphological and color differences, genetic distinctions (partial cytochrome b genes, 1,116 bp), and distribution. The nominal species are discussed, together with several geographic variations of A. spinifer from the Indian Ocean, and a key to the species is provided.
Omophorus (Sinomophorus) wallacei: a new weevil from Borneo highlights the enigmatic Ethiopian-Oriental disjunct distribution (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Molytinae)
Authors: TSENG WEI-ZHE , HSIAO YUN , HSU CHEN-FU
Published: June 2018

In the present study we describe a new species of the genus Omophorus, O. (Sinomophorus) wallacei sp. nov., from Malaysian Borneo. Photographs of habitus and genitalia, a distribution map, and a key for the identification of Omophorus species are included. The definition of the subgenus Sinomophorus is revised and several new diagnostic characters are added. This is the first documented occurrence of Omophorus in Borneo, highlighting its potential diversity in the Oriental region and providing additional evidence of Ethiopian-Oriental disjunction within this genus.
On the taxonomy of Lygosoma bampfyldei Bartlett, 1895 (Squamata: Scincidae) with descriptions of new species from Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia and the resurrection of Lygosoma schneideri Werner, 1900
Authors: GRISMER L. LEE , QUAH EVAN S. H. , DUZULKAFLY ZAHARIL , YAMBUN PAUL
Published: June 2018

A reassessment of the taxonomy of Lygosoma bampfyldei based on morphology and color pattern indicates that it is a species complex containing L. bampfyldei Bartlett, 1895 from the Rajang River, Sarawak and Croker Range, Sabah in East Malaysia; L. peninsulare sp. nov. from Bukit Larut, Perak and 13.5 km east of Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia; L. kinabatanganensis sp. nov. from the Kinabatangan District, Deramakot camp (=Deramakot Sabah Forestry Department), Sabah, East Malaysia; and L. schneideri Werner, 1900 from Djapura, Indragiri, Sumatra, Indonesia—resurrected herein from the synonymy of L. bampfyldei. The new taxonomy aligns itself well with a growing body of literature demonstrating that semi-fossorial and fossorial Sundaic skinks are more diverse than previously considered.
Kinetic Theory Analysis of Laser Ablation of Carbon
Authors: Shusser Michael
Published: June 2018

The paper presents a model of ablation of carbon by a nanosecond laser pulse that considers the kinetics of the process. The model approximates the process as sublimation and combines conduction heat transfer in the target with the gas dynamics of the ablated plume which are coupled
through the boundary conditions at the interface. The ablated mass flux and the temperature of the ablating material are obtained from the conservation relations at the interface derived from the momentum solution of the Boltzmann equation for arbitrary strong evaporation. The effects of laser
intensity and ambient pressure on the ablated mass flux and parameters of vapor plume are studied. It is shown that most of the time the ablation rate is restricted by the kinetic theory limitation on the maximum mass flux that can be attained in a phase-change process. This fact makes the
model tolerant of possible inaccuracies in calculating the saturation pressure of carbon vapor.
Relations Among Higher Order Values Around the World
Authors: Rudnev Maksim , Magun Vladimir , Schwartz Shalom
Published: June 2018

The circular structure of basic human values is the core element of the Schwartz value theory. The structure demonstrated high robustness across cultures. However, the specific correlations between values and the differences in these correlations across countries have received little attention. The current research investigated the within-country correlations between the four higher order values. We estimated the correlations with meta-analytical mixed-effects models based on 10 surveys, on different value instruments, and on data from 104 countries. Analyses revealed theoretically expected negative relations between openness to change and conservation values and between self-transcendence and self-enhancement values. More interestingly, openness to change and self-transcendence values related negatively with each other, as did conservation and self-enhancement. Openness to change and self-enhancement values related predominantly positively, as did conservation and self-transcendence values. Correlations between the adjacent values were weaker in more economically developed countries, revealing higher value complexity of these societies. These findings were consistent across multiple surveys and after controlling for levels of education and income inequality. We concluded that, across most countries, values tend to be organized predominantly in line with the Social versus Person Focus opposition, whereas the Growth versus Self-Protection opposition is pronounced only in more economically developed countries.
The Effect on Earnings of the Applied Baccalaureate Degree
Authors: Kaikkonen Darby A. , Quarles Christopher L.
Published: June 2018

Objective: This study evaluates the postgraduate earnings of students with an applied baccalaureate (AB) degree compared to the earnings of students with the same associate degree but no baccalaureate degree. The research questions include the following: For those students who earn an AB degree, does it result in higher earnings than the associate degree? Does the earnings difference vary by field of study? Which student characteristics account for variation in earnings beyond the effect of the AB degree? Method: This study used propensity score weighted regression to examine the difference in earnings of AB degree and associate degree graduates in three programs—health, technology, and social science—at three different community and technical colleges in Washington state. Results: We find that the AB degree graduates have higher earnings than associate degree graduates in each of the three programs, although for certain programs the earnings increase is small enough to be explained by characteristics intrinsic to the student. Higher earnings are also associated to other student characteristics such as age, gender, earnings prior to enrollment, and academic proficiency, indicating a difference in economic benefit for some students. Contributions: The findings from this study contribute to the overall understanding of the complex relationship between level of education and earnings, specifically the impact on earnings of an AB above and beyond the associate degree. The analyses revealed evidence of a gender gap in earnings by program, which is an area that requires further study.
Driving down memory lane: The influence of memories in a community following organizational demise
Authors: Do Boram , Lyle Matthew C. B. , Walsh Ian J.
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we explain how defunct organizations influence the communities they leave behind through ongoing processes of communal memory work, a twofold social process through which members of collectives develop shared memories of a defunct organization and behaviorally engage with its mnemonic traces. We explore how individuals’ shared construal of their environment shapes their emotional orientation towards their past, which in turn gives rise to particular forms of memory work. We further show how communal memory work influences changes in an organization’s role in a community’s identity and members’ construal of their environment. We develop our theory through an analysis of a case study of South Bend, Indiana, in the 54 years following the closure of the Studebaker Corporation’s automotive factory in 1963. We close by discussing the implications of this work for memory scholarship.
Brain ischemic insult induces cofilin rod formation leading to synaptic dysfunction in neurons
Authors: Shu Liang , Chen Ben , Chen Bin , Xu Hai , Wang Guoxiang , Huang Yian , Zhao Yingya , Gong Hui , Jiang Min , Chen Lidian , Liu Xu , Wang Yun
Published: June 2018

Ischemic stroke not only induces neuron death in the infarct area but also structural and functional damage of the surviving neurons in the surrounding peri-infarct area. In the present study, we first identified cofilin rod, a pathological rod-like aggregation, formed in neurons of in vivo ischemic stroke animal model and induced neuronal impairment. Cofilin rods formed only on the ipsilateral side of the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO-R) rat brain and showed the highest density in peri-infarct area. Our real-time live cell imaging, immunostaining and patch clamp studies showed that cofilin rod formation in neurons led to dendritic mitochondrial transportation failure, as well as impairment of synaptic structure and functions. Overexpression of LIM kinase or activation of its upstream regulator Rho, suppressed ischemia-induced cofilin rod formation and showed protective effect on synaptic function and structure impairment in both cultured neurons and MCAO-R rat model. In summary, our results demonstrate a novel mechanism of ischemic stroke-induced neuron injury in peri-infarct area and provide a potential target for the protection of neuronal structure and function against brain ischemia insult.
Marketization and development on a European periphery: From peasant oikos to socialism and neoliberal capitalism on the Danube-Tisza interfluve
Authors: Hann Chris
Published: June 2018

The modern term economy is associated above all with market exchange. But it derives from the Greek oikos, which for Aristotle referred to the well-managed estate, able to withstand the forces of supply and demand by virtue of a high degree of self-sufficiency. The paper explores the long-term discontinuous expansion of the principle of price-forming markets (in the sense of Karl Polanyi) at the expense of self-sufficiency in a zone of the Great Hungarian Plain where the author has carried out long-term field research. The historically “backward” region of the Danube-Tisza interfluve has been integrated into wider historical processes through different forms of market exchange, first under peripheral variants of capitalism, then in the later decades of socialism, and recently under neoliberal capitalism in a political climate of “illiberal democracy” or populism. The paper analyses continuity and change across these epochs at the societal level, with ethnographic illustrations. In addition to Polanyi’s notions of “market society” and “double movement”, it draws theoretically on Ferenc Erdei’s agenda to overcome rural backwardness through embourgeoisement; it is found that the interests of the rural population were more effectively promoted in the decades of market socialism than in any other period before or since.
Do Breast Implants Influence Breastfeeding? A Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies
Authors: Cheng Fengrui , Dai Shuiping , Wang Chiyi , Zeng Shaoxue , Chen Junjie , Cen Ying
Published: June 2018

Background:

Aesthetic breast implant augmentation surgery is the most popular plastic surgery worldwide. Many women choose to receive breast implants during their reproductive ages, although the long-term effects are still controversial.

Research aim:

We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the influence of aesthetic breast augmentation on breastfeeding. We also compared the exclusive breastfeeding rates of periareolar versus inframammary incision.

Methods:

A systematic search for comparative studies about breast implants and breastfeeding was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science through May 2018. Meta-analysis was conducted with a random-effects model (or fixed effects, if heterogeneity was absent).

Results:

Four cohorts and one cross-sectional study were included. There was a significant reduction in the exclusive breastfeeding rate for women with breast implants compared with women without implants, pooled relative risk = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [0.46, 0.86], as well as the breastfeeding rate, pooled relative risk = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [0.81, 0.95]. There was no evidence that periareolar incision was associated with a reduction in the exclusive breastfeeding rate, pooled relative risk = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [0.45, 1.58].

Conclusion:

Participants with breast implants are less likely to establish breastfeeding, especially exclusive breastfeeding. Periareolar incision does not appear to reduce the exclusive breastfeeding rate.
Response Rates for Surveys Completed With Paper-and-Pencil and Computers: Using Meta-Analysis to Assess Equivalence
Authors: Weigold Arne , Weigold Ingrid K. , Natera Sara N.
Published: June 2018

The increasing number of self-report surveys being collected using computers has led to a body of literature examining the response rates for computerized surveys compared with the more traditional paper-and-pencil method. However, results from individual studies have been inconsistent, and the meta-analyses available on this topic have included studies from a restricted range of years and did not use proper statistical procedures for examining comparability. Consequently, we conducted a meta-analysis with 96 independent effect sizes spanning over two decades of studies; we also assessed potential moderators. Comparability was determined using confidence interval equivalence testing procedures. The meta-analysis indicated nonequivalence, with those in the paper-and-pencil condition being almost twice as likely to return surveys as those in the computer condition. There was large heterogeneity of variance, and 11 of the 18 potential moderators were significant. Two meta-regressions yielded only two significant unique moderators: population and type of measure. Results highlighted issues within the response rate literature that can be addressed in future studies, as well as provided an example of using equivalence testing in meta-analyses.
Multi-probe system design for measuring the roundness and rotation error motion of a spindle using an error separation technique
Authors: Baek Sang-Woo , Kim Min-Gyu , Lee Dong-Hyeok , Cho Nahm-Gyoo
Published: June 2018

Fourier model–based multi-probe-error-separation is an error separation method that is useful for precise measurement of the rotation error motion of spindles or roundness profile of rotating machine parts. However, it is not yet widely used, because it suffers from the critical problem of harmonic distortion. This study explores the phenomenon of harmonic distortion in detail and analytically clarifies the principles behind its occurrence. The position at which harmonic distortion occurs can be calculated exactly and easily using principles related not only to probe arrangement angles, but also to measurement conditions such as data length and undulation range of interest. Based on these principles, we propose multi-probe system design guidelines for the effective selection of probe arrangement angles and avoidance of harmonic distortion. The reliability and usability of the proposed design method are verified by simulation tests; stable multi-probe-error-separation can easily be achieved using the proposed design technique. We conduct experimental tests using a special measuring system based on four probes composed of two different probe arrangement sets and verify that this multi-probe-error-separation method can acquire rotation error motion or roundness profile precisely without harmonic distortion.
Cooperative guidance laws for simultaneous attack against a target with unknown maneuverability
Authors: Wei Xiaoqian , Yang Jianying
Published: June 2018

This paper designs new guidance laws for the simultaneous multi-agent interception of a maneuvering target with unknown acceleration. The new approach achieves additional benefits as follows. (1) The completely distributed cooperation protocol ensures that the simultaneous attack task can be completed. (2) The disturbance observer and the adaptive control law can solve the coordinated attack problem with an unknown target acceleration. (3) The design of the guidance law requires only neighbor-derived information rather than global information, which increases the practicability of the new strategy. Numerical simulations with comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Culture-Independent Prerequisites for Early Arithmetic
Authors: Reeve Robert A. , Reynolds Fiona , Paul Jacob , Butterworth Brian L.
Published: June 2018

In numerate societies, early arithmetic development is associated with visuospatial working memory, executive functions, nonverbal intelligence, and magnitude-comparison abilities. To what extent do these associations arise from cultural practices or general cognitive prerequisites? Here, we administered tests of these cognitive abilities (Corsi Blocks, Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices, Porteus Maze) to indigenous children in remote northern Australia, whose culture contains few counting words or counting practices, and to nonindigenous children from an Australian city. The indigenous children completed a standard nonverbal addition task; the nonindigenous children completed a comparable single-digit addition task. The correlation matrices among variables in the indigenous and nonindigenous children showed similar patterns of relationships, and parallel regression analyses showed that visuospatial working memory was the main predictor of addition performance in both groups. Our findings support the hypothesis that the same cognitive capacities promote competence for learners in both numerate and nonnumerate societies.
Do Men and Women Know What They Want? Sex Differences in Online Daters’ Educational Preferences
Authors: Whyte Stephen , Chan Ho Fai , Torgler Benno
Published: June 2018

Using a unique cross-sectional data set of dating website members’ educational preferences for potential mates ( N = 41,936), we showed that women were more likely than men to stipulate educational preferences at all ages. When members indifferent to educational level were excluded, however, the specificity of men’s and women’s preferences did differ for different age groups. That is, whereas women expressed more refined educational preferences during their years of maximum fertility, their demand specificity decreased with age. Men’s specificity, in contrast, remained stable until the 40s, when it was greater than that of postreproductive women, and then was higher during their peak years of career-earnings potential. Further, when individuals’ level of education was controlled for, women (compared with men) were more likely to state a higher minimum preference for educational level in a potential mate.
Association of ABO blood groups and Rh factor with retinal and choroidal thickness
Authors: Teberik Kuddusi , Eski Mehmet Tahir
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate if ABO blood group and Rh factor have an effect on retinal and choroidal thickness.

Methods:

This study was designed prospectively. Retinal nerve fiber layer, retinal, and choroidal thicknesses were measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Retinal and choroidal thickness measurements (one subfoveal, three temporal, and three nasal) were obtained at 500-μm intervals up to 1500 μm with the caliper system.

Results:

In this study, 109 male and 151 female, 260 individuals in total were included. There were 125 subjects in group A, 29 in group B, 34 in group AB, and 72 in group O. Rh factor was positive in 194 subjects and negative in 66. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding age (p = 0.667). The groups did not show any statistical difference in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. There was significant difference found for mean retinal thickness at temporal 1000 μm when four groups were compared (p = 0.037). No statistically significant difference was detected for the remaining retinal and choroidal sectoral regions. The groups did not statistically significantly differ concerning Rh factor (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Although we found a significant difference in retinal thickness in the temporal retina between group B with group A and group O, we suggest that both blood group and Rh factor have no effect on retinal and choroidal thickness.
Safety and Predictive Factors of Short-Term Efficacy of a Single Injection of Mannitol-Modified Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid in Patients with Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis. Results of a Multicentre Prospective Open-Label Pilot Study (INSTINCT Trial)
Authors: Dauvissat Jérémy , Rizzo Christophe , Lellouche Henri , Porterie Jérôme , Melac-Ducamp Sylvie , Locquet Vincent , Travers Vincent , Maillet Bernard , Conrozier Thierry
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

To assess safety and search predictive factors of efficacy of a single intra-articular injection of a mannitol-modified hyaluronic acid (HA) viscosupplement, in patients having trapeziometacarpal (TMC) osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods:

Patients with symptomatic TMC OA, not adequately relieved by analgesic therapy and/or by the use of a thumb splint, were included in a 3-month prospective multicentre open-label trial. All underwent plain radiographs with the Kapandji incidences allowing the Dell radiological grade assessment (1-4). Primary end point was the variation between injection (D0) and day 90 (D90) of the thumb pain (11-point Likert scale). Treatment consisted in a single injection of 0.6 to 1 mL of a viscosupplement made of a cross-linked HA combined with mannitol. All injections were performed under imaging guidance. Predictive factors of pain decrease were studied in univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results:

A total of 122 patients (76% women, mean age 60, mean disease duration 36 months) were included and 120 (98%) were assessed at 3 months. The TMC OA was of Dell’s grade 1, 2, 3, and 4 in 23%, 36.8%, 36.8%, and 3.5% of cases, respectively. At D0, the average (SD) pain level was 6.5 ± 1.6 without significant difference between Dell groups ( P = .21). At day 90, pain decreased from 6.5 ± 1.6 to 3.9 ± 2.5 (difference −2.7 ± 2.5; −42%; P < .0001) without significant difference between Dell grade ( P = .055), despite a seemingly smaller number of responders in stage 2 patients. The average analgesic consumption decreased in more than 1 out of 2 patients. In multivariate analysis, no predictor of response was identified. There was no safety issue. All adverse events (11%) were transient increase in pain during or following HA administration and resolved without sequel within 1 to 7 days.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that a single course of HANOX-M-XL injection is effective in relieving pain in patients with TMC OA, without safety concern. Patients with advanced stage of OA benefit the treatment as much as those with mild or moderate OA.
Bilingual and monolingual children’s articulation rates during nonword repetition tasks
Authors: Gibson Todd A , Jarmulowicz Linda , Oller D Kimbrough
Published: June 2018

Aims and objectives:

We know little about how the rate of speaking develops in bilingual children. The purpose of the current investigation was to explore the second language (L2) articulation rate in Spanish-English bilingual kindergarten children, and to compare the rates with those of monolingual English-speaking peers.

Method/design:

We performed a group-level, longitudinal study comparing articulation rates in two language groups (monolingual and bilingual).

Data and analysis:

Sixty-two monolingual English-speaking children and 62 Spanish-English bilingual peers repeated English-based nonwords of two-, three-, and four-syllable length; half contained complex syllable constructions (i.e., consonant clusters). Accuracy was treated as a measure of phonological knowledge. Articulatory duration for each nonword production was calculated, and duration measures were converted to syllables per second. English standardized vocabulary and phonological processing tests also were administered. Follow-up analyses compared a subsample of 19 Spanish-dominant children to 19 monolingual peers with relatively high language performance.

Results:

Bilingual children’s scores were significantly lower than those of their monolingual peers for English vocabulary, nonword repetition accuracy, and phonological processing. Despite this discrepancy, there was no statistically significant difference in the articulation rates of the two language groups either at the beginning or end of kindergarten. Nonwords with more frequent English phonological patterns were produced faster than nonwords with less frequent phonological patterns. Despite their increase in English language skills across the school year, neither language group experienced accompanying differences in articulation rate.

Conclusions:

These results demonstrate that Spanish-English bilingual children’s articulation rate while repeating nonwords of various length and complexity is similar to that of monolingual children’s, despite the bilingual children’s limited English phonological knowledge as measured by nonword repetition accuracy and sound matching. This runs contrary to expectations based on mainstream models that rely on frequency effects. We speculate that bilingual performance might be related to peer influences secondary to L2 immersion.
Active vibration control of a smart beam by a tuner-based PID controller
Authors: Gülbahçe Erdi , Çelik Mehmet
Published: June 2018

In this study, a tuner-based Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller is proposed to actively control a smart beam. In numerical simulation environment, the performance of the tuner-based PID and a positive position feedback controller in damping the forced vibrations of a smart beam using a piezoelectric actuator are investigated. The finite element method is used to numerically model the smart beam by exporting the state-space matrices that are characterized with regard to the active vibration control loop. Two types of vibration data with sine tones are comprised in order to stimulate behavior of the proposed system. The first one is the composition of the first and second natural frequencies of smart beam. The second one is the composition of the first to the third natural frequencies of smart beam. In the tuner-based PID, controller design tuner toolbox is used to obtain suitable PID coefficients. In this simulation environment active vibration control based on the proposed tuner-based PID and on positive position feedback controllers is studied and compared. Additionally, the controller power consumption levels are determined for the proposed controller design. Numerical results show that the overall tuner-based PID control performance of flexible smart beam system is more effective than the positive position feedback controlled system for forced vibration control. Also, the tuner-based PID controller provides more energy savings than the positive position feedback controller.
Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Fasciotomy for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Maher Jacqueline M. , Brook Emily M. , Chiodo Christopher , Smith Jeremy , Bluman Eric M. , Matzkin Elizabeth G.
Published: June 2018

Background. Lower extremity chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) can negatively affect exercise and activity and may require operative intervention to release the fascia. Few studies have evaluated or compared patient-reported outcomes for bilateral versus single-leg staged fasciotomy and number of compartments released. Methods. A total of 27 eligible patients who underwent a fasciotomy procedure for CECS at a single institution were identified. A retrospective review of the medical record was performed, and individuals were contacted by phone to collect patient-reported outcomes, including ability to return to desired exercise level, postoperative expectation assessment, European Quality of Life—Five Dimensions, and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure sports subscale. Results. A total of 21 patients were available for follow-up (average follow-up 36.9 months). The average single numeric assessment evaluation of lower-extremity function in sport was 87.5% in those who underwent a simultaneous bilateral fasciotomy (n = 10), 94% in those who had a staged unilateral fasciotomy (n = 5), and 74% in those who underwent an isolated single-leg fasciotomy. In all, 91% (n = 10) of patients who had all 4 compartments released intra-operatively were able to return to their desired exercise level versus 66.7% (n = 6) of those who did not have all 4 compartments released. Conclusion. The patient-reported outcomes of a staged unilateral fasciotomy and simultaneous bilateral fasciotomy for CECS are similar. Those who did not have all 4 compartments released reported worse outcomes. Further research should be conducted on the short-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of a bilateral versus staged fasciotomy procedure.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Case series
Motivations and Expectations of Peer Mentors Within Inclusive Higher Education Programs for Students With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Carter Erik W. , Gustafson Jenny R. , Mackay Michael M. , Martin Kaitlyn P. , Parsley Misty V. , Graves Jennifer , Day Tammy L. , McCabe Lauren E. , Lazarz Hannah , McMillan Elise D. , Schiro-Geist Chrisann , Williams Maurice , Beeson Tom , Cayton John
Published: June 2018

Although peer mentors play a prominent role in supporting higher education experiences for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), little is known about these college students and the factors leading to their decision to become involved in this particular experience. We examined the motivations, experiences, and expectations of 250 peer mentors attending five diverse universities offering inclusive postsecondary programs for students with IDD. Nearly all (93.7%) of the entering peer mentors had prior disability-related experiences and almost all identified a combination of personal and professional reasons for involvement. Peer mentors anticipated an array of personal benefits as a result of their participation, although beliefs about some areas of potential impact were more mixed (e.g., improvements in grades, study skills, social status). Views regarding the extent to which students with IDD can participate in different aspects of campus life reflected high expectations; predictions about these students’ postgraduation experiences were more modest and mixed. We offer recommendations for research and practice aimed at identifying and engaging peers in supporting inclusive college experiences.
Unsteady electromagnetic radiative nanofluid stagnation-point flow from a stretching sheet with chemically reactive nanoparticles, Stefan blowing effect and entropy generation
Authors: Rana Puneet , Shukla Nisha , Bég O Anwar , Kadir A , Singh Bani
Published: June 2018

This article investigates the combined influence of nonlinear radiation, Stefan blowing and chemical reactions on unsteady electro-magneto-hydrodynamic stagnation-point flow of a nanofluid from a horizontal stretching sheet. Both electrical and magnetic body forces are considered. In addition, the effects of velocity slip, thermal slip and mass slip are considered at the boundaries. An analytical method named as homotopy analysis method is applied to solve the non-dimensional system of nonlinear partial differential equations which are obtained by applying similarity transformations on governing equations. The effects of emerging parameters such as Stefan blowing parameter, electric parameter and magnetic parameter on the important physical quantities are presented graphically. In addition, an entropy generation analysis is provided in this article for thermal optimization. The flow is observed to be accelerated both with increasing magnetic field and electrical field. Entropy generation number is markedly enhanced with greater magnetic field, electrical field and Reynolds number, whereas it is reduced with increasing chemical reaction parameter.
Current Concepts Review
Authors: Anderson Michael R. , Ho Bryant S. , Baumhauer Judith F.
Published: June 2018

Arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, hallux rigid, is a common and disabling source of foot pain in the adult population. Hallux rigidus is characterized by diseased cartilage and large, periarticular osteophytes that result in a stiff, painful joint. Activity modification, sensible shoes, orthotics, anti-inflammatory medications and occasional intra-articular steroid injections can be attempted to alleviate the discomfort associated with hallux rigidus. A number of surgical options exist for the treatment of recalcitrant hallux rigidus. Cheilectomy is a useful treatment for dorsal impingement pain seen in mild hallux rigidus. A new polyvinyl alcohol hemi-arthroplasty implant has shown promising early and midterm results in the treatment of advanced hallux rigidus; however, arthrodesis of the first MTP joint remains the gold standard treatment for advanced hallux rigidus because of unpredictable outcomes after early-generation joint replacement implants.
Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy for Molecular Genomic Classification: Evaluation of Transscleral vs Transvitreal Biopsy
Authors: Villegas Victor M. , Gold Aaron , Murray Timothy G.
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate the transvitreal and transscleral fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) approach for molecular classification with gene-expression profiling (GEP) of uveal melanoma.

Methods:

Institutional review board–approved single-surgeon retrospective analysis of a consecutive case series of all patients undergoing FNAB using a 25-gauge-needle multipass approach for GEP analysis of uveal melanoma between 2012 and 2016. All FNAB specimens were processed for uveal melanoma diagnostic testing using a standard processing approach, and all testing was completed at a single laboratory (Castle Biosciences, Inc.).

Results:

Three hundred fifty-three eyes (353 patients) were included. Transvitreal biopsies were performed in 216 eyes (216/353, 61.2%), whereas transscleral biopsies were performed in 137 eyes (137/353, 38.8%). Twenty biopsies exhibited multiple gene failure (20/353, 5.6%). Excessive fluid biopsy volume was the primary association with reported multiple gene failure, occurring in 10 of 20 eyes (50%). FNAB performed via the transvitreal approach was significantly more likely to have an excessive volume report compared with transscleral biopsy (18/216, 8.3% vs 1/137, 0.7%; P < .001).

Conclusions:

FNAB performed via a transscleral or transvitreal multipass approach utilizing a 25-gauge needle achieves molecular classification in 95% of all patients undergoing treatment for presumed uveal melanoma independent of tumor size. Complications related to FNAB using these techniques are rare and may be associated with the presentation of the uveal melanoma.
Earthquake-induced rock shear through a deposition hole: Laboratory tests on bentonite-material models and modelling of three scale tests
Authors: Börgesson Lennart , Dueck Ann , Hernelind Jan
Published: June 2018

Earthquake-induced rock shear through a bentonite-filled deposition hole in a repository for spent nuclear fuel is an important scenario for the safety analysis because it may cause substantial damage to the canister hosting the spent fuel. Appropriate tools to investigate the effects on the buffer and the canister are required.

The study described here explored the laboratory tests conducted to develop a material model of the bentonite buffer to be used in the simulations, the material models that these tests have provided and finite element (FE) simulations of three scale tests of a rock shear for comparison between modelled and measured results. The results were used for validation of the material models and the calculation technique that was used for modelling different rock-shear cases.

The laboratory study consisted of swelling-pressure tests and tests to determine shear strength and stress-strain properties. The material model is elastic-plastic with a nonlinear stress-strain relation which depends on the density of the bentonite buffer and is a function of the strain rate. The three scale tests were modelled using theAbaqusfinite element code. Good agreement between modelled and measured results was observed, in spite of the complexity of the models and the difficulties associated with measuring stresses and strains under the very fast shear.

The modelling results thus validate the modelling of the SR-Site. The modelling technique, the element mesh and the material models used in these analyses are well fitted and useful for this type of modelling.
Alk5/Runx1 signaling mediated by extracellular vesicles promotes vascular repair in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Shah Trushil , Qin Shanshan , Vashi Mona , Predescu Dan N. , Jeganathan Niranjan , Bardita Cristina , Ganesh Balaji , diBartolo Salvatore , Fogg Louis F. , Balk Robert A. , Predescu Sanda A.
Published: June 2018

Background

Pulmonary endothelial cells’ (ECs) injury and apoptotic death are necessary and sufficient for the pathogenesis of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), regardless of epithelial damage. Interaction of dysfunctional ECs with circulatory extracellular vesicles (EVs) holds therapeutic promise in ARDS. However, the presence in the blood of long‐term ARDS survivors of EVs with a distinct phenotype compared to the EVs of non‐surviving patients is not reported. With a multidisciplinary translational approach, we studied EVs from the blood of 33 patients with moderate‐to‐severe ARDS.

Results

The EVs were isolated from the blood of ARDS and control subjects. Immunoblotting and magnetic beads immunoisolation complemented by standardized flow cytometry and nanoparticles tracking analyses identified in the ARDS patients a subset of EVs with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) origin (CD73+CD105+Cd34−CD45−). These EVs have 4.7‐fold greater counts compared to controls and comprise the transforming growth factor‐beta receptor I (TβRI)/Alk5 and the Runx1 transcription factor. Time course analyses showed that the expression pattern of two Runx1 isoforms is critical for ARDS outcome: the p52 isoform shows a continuous expression, while the p66 is short‐lived. A high ratio Runx1p66/p52 provided a survival advantage, regardless of age, sex, disease severity or length of stay in the intensive care unit. Moreover, the Runx1p66 isoform is transiently expressed by cultured human bone marrow‐derived MSCs, it is released in the EVs recoverable from the conditioned media and stimulates the proliferation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated ECs. The findings are consistent with a causal effect of Runx1p66 expression on EC proliferation. Furthermore, morphological and functional assays showed that the EVs bearing the Runx1p66 enhanced junctional integrity of LPS‐injured ECs and decreased lung histological severity in the LPS‐treated mice.

Conclusions

The expression pattern of Runx1 isoforms might be a reliable circulatory biomarker of ARDS activity and a novel determinant of the molecular mechanism for lung vascular/tissue repair and recovery after severe injury.
The role of CD133 in cancer: a concise review
Authors: Glumac Paige M. , LeBeau Aaron M.
Published: June 2018

Despite the abundant ongoing research efforts, cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases to treat globally. Due to the heterogenous nature of cancer, one of the major clinical challenges in therapeutic development is the cancer's ability to develop resistance. It has been hypothesized that cancer stem cells are the cause for this resistance, and targeting them will lead to tumor regression. A pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein, CD133 has been suggested to mark cancer stem cells in various tumor types, however, the accuracy of CD133 as a cancer stem cell biomarker has been highly controversial. There are numerous speculations for this, including differences in cell culture conditions, poor in vivo assays, and the inability of current antibodies to detect CD133 variants and deglycosylated epitopes. This review summarizes the most recent and relevant research regarding the controversies surrounding CD133 as a normal stem cell and cancer stem cell biomarker. Additionally, it aims to establish the overall clinical significance of CD133 in cancer. Recent clinical studies have shown that high expression of CD133 in tumors has been indicated as a prognostic marker of disease progression. As such, a spectrum of immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed to target these CD133pos cells with the goal of translation into the clinic. This review compiles the current therapeutic strategies targeting CD133 and discusses their prognostic potential in various cancer subtypes.
Okun coefficients and participation coefficients by age and gender
Authors: Evans Andrew
Published: June 2018

Estimates of the Okun coefficient are made for Australian workers grouped by age and gender using an unobserved components model. By analogy we define and estimate a participation coefficient which measures the cyclical response of the labour force participation rate to cyclical output shocks. The trend and cycle decomposition methodology used here leads to higher absolute estimates of the Okun coefficient than those typically found in the literature, although we find a pattern of variation in the coefficient by age and gender which is typical. We also find that, in aggregate, participating males in the middle age groups tend to stay in the labour force throughout the business cycle whereas females of the same age tend to participate procyclically. This has policy implications for attempts to increase the rate of participation of particular groups by age and gender following a cyclical downturn.