bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Measurement Errors and Their Effects on the Cumulative Sum Schemes for Monitoring the Ratio of Two Correlated Normal Variables
Authors: Yang Wei , Ji Xueting , Zhang Jiujun
Published: June 2024

Monitoring the ratio of two correlated normal random variables is often used in many industrial manufacturing processes. At the same time, measurement errors inevitably exist in most processes, which have different effects on the performance of various charting schemes. This paper comprehensively analyses the impacts of measurement errors on the detection ability of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) charting schemes for the ratio of two correlated normal variables. A thorough numerical assessment is performed using the Monte Carlo simulation, and the results indicate that the measurement errors negatively impact the performance of the CUSUM scheme for the ratio of two correlated normal variables. Increasing the number of measurements per set is not a lucrative approach for minimizing the negative impact of measurement errors on the performance of the CUSUM charting scheme when monitoring the ratio of two correlated normal variables. We consider a food formulation as an example that illustrates the quality control problems involving the ratio of two correlated normal variables in an industry with a measurement error. The results are presented, along with some suggestions for further study.
Using a Combination of Novel Research Tools to Understand Social Interaction in the Drosophila melanogaster Model for Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Stojkovic Maja , Petrovic Milan , Capovilla Maria , Milojevic Sara , Makevic Vedrana , Budimirovic Dejan B. , Corscadden Louise , He Shuhan , Protic Dragana
Published: June 2024

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common monogenic cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, is caused by a full mutation (>200 CGG repeats) in the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene. Individuals with FXS experience various challenges related to social interaction (SI). Animal models, such as the Drosophila melanogaster model for FXS where the only ortholog of human FMR1 (dFMR1) is mutated, have played a crucial role in the understanding of FXS. The aim of this study was to investigate SI in the dFMR1B55 mutants (the groups of flies of both sexes simultaneously) using the novel Drosophila Shallow Chamber and a Python data processing pipeline based on social network analysis (SNA). In comparison with wild-type flies (w1118), SNA analysis in dFMR1B55 mutants revealed hypoactivity, fewer connections in their networks, longer interaction duration, a lower ability to transmit information efficiently, fewer alternative pathways for information transmission, a higher variability in the number of interactions they achieved, and flies tended to stay near the boundaries of the testing chamber. These observed alterations indicate the presence of characteristic strain-dependent social networks in dFMR1B55 flies, commonly referred to as the group phenotype. Finally, combining novel research tools is a valuable method for SI research in fruit flies.
Analysis of the Distribution Characteristics of Jellyfish and Environmental Factors in the Seawater Intake Area of the Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant in China
Authors: Song Yunpeng , Wang Tiantian , Xiong Minsi , Yang Shenglong , Zhang Heng , Ying Jie , Shi Yongchuang , Zhao Guoqing , Zhang Xiumei , Liu Xiaodan , Lin Cankun , Wu Zuli , Wu Yumei
Published: June 2024

In recent years, there have been frequent jellyfish outbreaks in Chinese coastal waters, significantly impacting the structure, functionality, safety, and economy of nuclear power plant cooling water intake and nearby ecosystems. Therefore, this study focuses on jellyfish outbreaks in Chinese coastal waters, particularly near the Shandong Peninsula. By analyzing jellyfish abundance data, a Generalized Additive Model integrating environmental factors reveals that temperature and salinity greatly influence jellyfish density. The results show variations in jellyfish density among years, with higher densities in coastal areas. The model explains 42.2% of the variance, highlighting the positive correlation between temperature (20–26 °C) and jellyfish density, as well as the impact of salinity (27.5–29‰). Additionally, ocean currents play a significant role in nearshore jellyfish aggregation, with a correlation between ocean currents and site coordinates. This study aims to investigate the relationship between jellyfish blooms and environmental factors. The results obtained from the study provide data support for the prevention and control of blockages in nuclear power plant cooling systems, and provide a data basis for the implementation of monitoring measures in nuclear power plants.
Physical Exercise and Life Satisfaction of Urban Residents in China
Authors: Ha Buerzhasala , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2024

Currently, an increasing number of Chinese urban citizens are participating in daily physical exercise. Existing research has shown that physical exercise can increase life satisfaction. However, some studies also suggest that the relationship between the two is unstable. The purposes of this study are to examine physical exercise and to test its correlation with life satisfaction of urban residents in China. Data are obtained from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies, and we focus on urban residents. Our overall sample size is 7423 people, including 3641 females (49.05%) and 3782 males (50.95%), with an average age of 49.55 years old. Because the dependent variables are continuous variables, the multiple linear regression model is used for data analysis. We find that the life satisfaction of Chinese urban residents is on the high side. Our core discovery is that there is a significant positive relationship between the frequency and duration of physical exercise and life satisfaction. Our further discovery is that the frequency of physical exercise affects life satisfaction by influencing popularity and positive emotions. Similarly, the duration of physical exercise affects life satisfaction by influencing popularity and positive emotions. Whether it is the frequency or the duration of physical exercise, it can reflect the residents’ attention to physical exercise. Physical exercise habits not only promote physical health by strengthening physical fitness but also promote mental health by alleviating depression and promote social communication by increasing social activities in the Chinese context. All of these can improve people’s life satisfaction. Our research suggests that the improvement in life satisfaction not only needs the abundance of external material conditions but also needs the individual to improve their physical and mental health through physical exercise.
Identification of Impeding Factors in Utilising Prefabrication during Lifecycle of Construction Projects: An Extensive Literature Review
Authors: Zhou Zhenquan , Syamsunur Deprizon , Wang Lanxin , Nugraheni Fitri
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the topic of climate change has been increasingly noticed by the public, and carbon emission reduction is one of the primary targets for various industries worldwide. The construction industry has a profound influence in this field, so it is significant to consider what kind of efforts can be made in building projects. Many scholars agree to promote prefabrication technology for construction, but its application still faces several challenges. By undertaking desk research, this paper explores the motivation and barriers to adopting modular techniques in construction projects under the lifecycle analysis. The preliminary information of the literature review is collated from dozens of peer-reviewed academic papers. Under the whole lifecycle thought, the PEST analysis tools also present the analytical results. This research finds that the top five barriers are the attitudinal resistance to using modular constructions, lack of sufficient modular expertise and practice, increasing costs and risks on supply chain management, insufficient government support and policy making, and high design and planning requirements. Moreover, the lifecycle analysis can divide the collated barriers into each stage, and adequate government support can assist in promoting the prefabrication in building projects in financial, legal, and technical aspects. The current findings can facilitate the broader use of prefabrication in building projects, improving the environmental sustainability of stakeholders. The process of proposed desk research can also be considered a referenced pattern for other related studies. More first-hand data should be collected and evaluated in further research to improve accuracy and adapt to the newest research field and industrial situations.
Optimizing Public Space in High-Rise Residences: A Whole Life Cycle Perspective with Kruskal Algorithm—A Case Study of a Shanghai High-Rise Residential Project
Authors: Li Jingwen , Han Yaodong , Li Qinyi , Tang Daizhong
Published: June 2024

In response to the intensification of urbanization, characterized by increasingly dense land use, the proliferation of high-rise residences has emerged as a predominant housing solution, particularly evident in developed cities like those in China. With a primary aim of enhancing the residential living environment within high-rise structures, this study advocates for a comprehensive whole life cycle perspective. By employing digital technology and conducting experiments centered on a representative case study, this paper focuses on optimizing the functional layout of public activity spaces within high-rise residential projects. Specifically, this article aims to address challenges such as the inadequate configuration and articulation of various public spaces, along with the underutilization of peripheral activity areas. Central to the optimization efforts is the utilization of the Kruskal algorithm, which enables the analysis of flow lines and functions, ultimately leading to the derivation of optimal solutions. Through a detailed analysis of our case study, this paper provides actionable insights into enhancing the feasibility and effectiveness of public spaces within high-rise residential projects. Recognizing the pivotal role of public space layout in shaping residents’ living experiences, the importance of addressing this issue early in the design phase was emphasized. By integrating scientifically driven digital technology solutions, smart, inclusive, and convenient communities that cater to the diverse needs of their inhabitants are aspired to be created.
3D Chromatin Alteration by Disrupting β-Catenin/CBP Interaction Is Enriched with Insulin Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zhou Yufan , He Zhijing , Li Tian , Choppavarapu Lavanya , Hu Xiaohui , Cao Ruifeng , Leone Gustavo W. , Kahn Michael , Jin Victor X.
Published: June 2024

The therapeutic potential of targeting the β-catenin/CBP interaction has been demonstrated in a variety of preclinical tumor models with a small molecule inhibitor, ICG-001, characterized as a β-catenin/CBP antagonist. Despite the high binding specificity of ICG-001 for the N-terminus of CBP, this β-catenin/CBP antagonist exhibits pleiotropic effects. Our recent studies found global changes in three-dimensional (3D) chromatin architecture in response to disruption of the β-catenin/CBP interaction in pancreatic cancer cells. However, an understanding of how the functional crosstalk between the antagonist and the β-catenin/CBP interaction affects changes in 3D chromatin architecture and, thereby, gene expression and downstream effects remains to be elucidated. Here, we perform Hi-C analyses on canonical and patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells before and after treatment with ICG-001. In addition to global alteration of 3D chromatin domains, we unexpectedly identify insulin signaling genes enriched in the altered chromatin domains. We further demonstrate that the chromatin loops associated with insulin signaling genes are significantly weakened after ICG-001 treatment. We finally elicit the deletion of a looping of IRS1—a key insulin signaling gene—significantly impeding pancreatic cancer cell growth, indicating that looping-mediated insulin signaling might act as an oncogenic pathway to promote pancreatic cancer progression. Our work shows that targeting aberrant insulin chromatin looping in pancreatic cancer might provide a therapeutic benefit.
A Comparative Study of Postoperative Complications Associated with Distal Gastrectomy and Pylorus-Preserving Gastrectomy among Gastric Cancer Patients Based on Nationwide Survey Data and Propensity Score Weighting
Authors: Jeong Sang-Ho , Park Miyeong , Seo Kyung , Kim Rock , Min Jae-Seok ,   Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association
Published: June 2024

Background/Objective. This study aimed to compare complication rates between pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) and distal gastrectomy (DG) using Korean nationwide survey data and propensity score weighting (PSW). PPG preserves gastric function but may lead to more postoperative complications than DG. Methods and Results. We analyzed 9424 gastric cancer patients who underwent either DG (n = 9183) or PPG (n = 241). PSW balanced variables such as age, sex, TNM stage, comorbidities, ASA score, and surgical approach. Before PSW, 87.8% of DG patients and 87.1% of PPG patients had no complications (p = 0.053). Severe complications (Clavien–Dindo IIIa or higher) were more frequent in PPG (6.6%) than in DG (3.8%) (p = 0.039). After PSW, overall complication rates (p = 0.960) and severe complication rates (p = 0.574) were similar between groups. Incidence rates of anastomotic stricture and leakage were higher in PPG (2.9% and 1.7%) compared to DG (0.6% and 0.5%) (p = 0.001 and 0.036) before PSW, but these differences were not significant after PSW (p = 0.999 and 0.123). Conclusion. The PSW-adjusted analysis indicates no significant difference in overall and severe complication rates between PPG and DG in gastric cancer patients.
Promising Combinatorial Therapeutic Strategies against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kaur Prabhjot , Singh Santosh Kumar , Mishra Manoj K. , Singh Shailesh , Singh Rajesh
Published: June 2024

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a complex and diverse disease, exhibiting variations at individuals’ cellular and histological levels. This complexity gives rise to different subtypes and genetic mutations, posing challenges for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Nevertheless, continuous progress in medical research and therapies is continually shaping the landscape of NSCLC diagnosis and management. The treatment of NSCLC has undergone significant advancements in recent years, especially with the emergence of targeted therapies that have shown remarkable efficacy in patients with actionable mutations. This has ushered in the era of personalized medicine in NSCLC treatment, with improvements in molecular and immunohistochemical techniques contributing to enhanced progression-free survival. This review focuses on the latest progress, challenges, and future directions in developing targeted therapies for NSCLC, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), DNA-damaging agents, immunotherapy regimens, natural drug therapy, and nanobodies. Furthermore, recent randomized studies have demonstrated enhanced overall survival in patients receiving different targeted and natural drug therapies.
Ecological Impacts of Coastal Protection on the Vegetation of Sandy Coasts at the German Baltic Sea Coast
Authors: Glueck Daniela , Schiefelbein Ulf , Schubert Hendrik
Published: June 2024

Sand nourishments and groynes as coastal protection measures (CPM) address similar challenges on sandy coasts but take different approaches: while groynes are intended to reduce alongshore sediment transport and erosion, nourishments add new sediment to the system to compensate for erosion. The aim of this study is to compare the ecological effects of such measures on the vegetation. To this end, nutrient analysis and botanical mappings were carried out on a site with installed groynes, a site where sand nourishments are regularly carried out, and a control site without any CPM. In addition to an increase in nutrient availability after the sand nourishment, significant changes in plant species diversity and composition were also measured. The number of higher plants, mosses, and lichen species was lower at the nourishment site. The opposite impacts were observed at the groyne site: an increase in sediment cover by higher plants and mosses and a distinct increase in lichen species. The results suggest that groynes lead to a stabilization of the coastal system and enable dense vegetation growth. In contrast, sand nourishments lead to nutrient input and unstable habitat conditions, attracting certain plant communities but preventing the establishment of ground-covering vegetation.
High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Neurography at 7T: A Pilot Study of Hand Innervation
Authors: Guillemin Pauline C. , Ferreira Branco David , M’Rad Yacine , Mattera Loan , Lorton Orane , Piredda Gian Franco , Klauser Antoine , Martuzzi Roberto , Poletti Pierre-Alexandre , Salomir Rares , Boudabbous Sana
Published: June 2024

The emergence of 7T clinical MRI technology has sparked our interest in its ability to discern the complex structures of the hand. Our primary objective was to assess the sensory and motor nerve structures of the hand, specifically nerves and Pacinian corpuscles, with the dual purpose of aiding diagnostic endeavors and supporting reconstructive surgical procedures. Ethical approval was obtained to carry out 7T MRI scans on a cohort of volunteers. Four volunteers assumed a prone position, with their hands (N = 8) positioned in a “superman” posture. To immobilize and maintain the hand in a strictly horizontal position, it was affixed to a plastic plate. Passive B0 shimming was implemented. Once high-resolution 3D images had been acquired using a multi-transmit head coil, advanced post-processing techniques were used to meticulously delineate the nerve fiber networks and mechanoreceptors. Across all participants, digital nerves were consistently located on the phalanges area, on average, between 2.5 and 3.5 mm beneath the skin, except within flexion folds where the nerve was approximately 1.8 mm from the surface. On the phalanges area, the mean distance from digital nerves to joints was approximately 1.5 mm. The nerves of the fingers were closer to the bone than to the surface of the skin. Furthermore, Pacinian corpuscles exhibited a notable clustering primarily within the metacarpal zone, situated on the palmar aspect. Our study yielded promising results, successfully reconstructing and meticulously describing the anatomy of nerve fibers spanning from the carpus to the digital nerve division, alongside the identification of Pacinian corpuscles, in four healthy volunteers (eight hands).
The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound and Ancillary Techniques in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Metelli Flavio , Manfredi Guido , Pagano Nico , Buscarini Elisabetta , Crinò Stefano Francesco , Armellini Elia
Published: June 2024

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a unique form of chronic pancreatitis with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Historically, it has been classified as type 1 and type 2, according to its clinical and histological features. The diagnosis of AIP is challenging and relies on a combination of clinical, histopathologic, serologic, and imaging characteristics. In the available guidelines, the imaging hallmarks of AIP are based on cross-sectional imaging and cholangiopancreatography retrograde endoscopic findings. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is generally used for pancreatic tissue acquisition to rule out pancreatic cancer and diagnose AIP with limited accuracy. Several papers reported the reliability of EUS for providing informative morphologic features of AIP. Nowadays, the improvement in the resolution of EUS conventional images and the development of new ancillary technologies have further increased the diagnostic yield of EUS: contrast-enhanced EUS and EUS elastography are non-invasive and real-time techniques that strongly support the diagnosis and management of pancreatic diseases. In this review article, we will present the role of conventional EUS and ancillary diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of AIP to support clinicians and endosonographers in managing this condition.
Embedding Mathematics in Socio-Scientific Games: The Mathematical in Grappling with Wicked Problems
Authors: Kynigos Chronis
Published: June 2024

This paper discusses the ways in which digitally enabled transformation in mathematics education could envisage a role for rationality in post-normal science and wicked problems. The scene is set firstly by reviewing the ways in which digital media have been designed and used in transformative mathematics education as a rationale for thinking about such media for wicked problem education. The problem is set in epistemological terms: can normal science approaches contribute to post-normal science? By considering the basic arguments regarding wicked problem education, I focus on the discussion of a specific constructionist digital tool called ‘ChoiCo: Choices with Consequences’, designed to embed mathematical ideas and facilitate mathematical reasoning, yet be about grappling with wicked problems. The final section discusses student discourse to set the scene for what such reasoning might look like in the context of grappling with wicked problems.
A Chua’s Chaotic Chirp Spread-Spectrum Power Spectral Homogenization Strategy Based on Distribution Transformation
Authors: Yang Zaixue , Chen Bing , Liu Bin , Zhang Yao , Liang Qian , Chen Yanming
Published: June 2024

When utilizing high-dimensional chaotic signals for frequency modulation, achieving a uniformly distributed power spectrum is a challenging task. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing a power spectrum homogenization strategy based on distribution transformation. The strategy transforms the task of achieving a uniformly distributed power spectrum in frequency modulation of high-dimensional chaotic signals to solve and equalize the probability density function of the chaotic signals, thereby further enhancing the ability of high-dimensional chaotic signals to suppress electromagnetic interference. Firstly, the difficulty of obtaining a smooth probability density function of chaotic modulation signals is solved using the kernel density estimation algorithm. Then, a distribution transformation algorithm is proposed to convert non-uniformly distributed chaotic modulation signals into uniformly distributed chaotic modulation signals. By using uniformly distributed chaotic modulation signals for frequency modulation, the objective of power spectrum equalization is achieved. Finally, taking the Chua’s chaotic signal as an example, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified using an experimental platform based on a digital signal processor-controlled active clamping flyback converter.
A Retrospective Analysis of the Outcomes of Pregnancies in Women Affected by Overt Diabetes Compared to Women Affected by Pre-Existing Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dalfrà Maria , Burlina Silvia , Fioretti Maria , Lapolla Annunziata
Published: June 2024

Background: Pregestational diabetes mellitus, if not well controlled, determines maternal and fetal complications. According to the new diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes, the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus can also occur in early pregnancy (overt diabetes). Aim: This study aims to determine pregnancy outcomes in women with overt diabetes compared to women with pre-existing type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this retrospective study, we selected women with pre-existing type 2 and overt diabetes who had at least one pregnancy in the 2010–2022 period at the Diabetic Care Unit of Padova. Results: We analyzed 83 pregnancies, and overt diabetes was diagnosed in 18 pregnancies. In total, 95.5% of patients with overt diabetes and 48% of T2DM patients were immigrants (p < 0.143). No patients with overt diabetes planned their pregnancy, while pregnancy was planned in 26.3% of patients with pre-exiting type 2 diabetes (p < 0.05). Periconception and first-trimester glycemic control were the worst in patients with overt diabetes (HbA1c 9.7 ± 3.1% vs. 7.3% ± 2.3%, p < 0.044, at first visit; 8.1 ± 1.9% and 7.0 ± 1.6%, p < 0.037 in the first trimester) with respect to patients with pre-existing type 2 diabetes. As for maternal outcomes, 16.6% of pregnancies ended in miscarriage, and 5.5% of women developed gestational hypertension; as for newborn outcomes, 16.6% of newborns were LGA, and 11.1% were affected by congenital anomalies without any significant difference with respect to women with pre-existing type 2 diabetes. The high rate of congenital malformations in pregnancies of women with overt diabetes is probably a result of the poor, metabolic control observed during the periconception period when the organogenesis of the fetus takes place. Conclusions: It is essential to utilize procedures for diabetes screening in women of childbearing age not only at the beginning of the pregnancy, but also during the preconception phase or the postmenarcheal period when strong risk factors for diabetes onset are present, such as a high BMI, glycemic disorders, and those who fall under high-risk ethnicity categories.
Structure and Function of Urban Forests and Green Spaces in a Changing World
Authors: Pei Nancai , Wang Chun , Sun Qian (Chayn) , Jin Jiali , Hao Zezhou
Published: June 2024

Green infrastructures (e.g., forests, parks, and other types of green spaces) in urban areas provide people with a huge volume of ecosystem benefits. However, the quality of urban green infrastructure varies among cities in different countries/regions, and key ecological processes, maintaining mechanisms, and policy decision routes remain unclear. Here, we recognize four themes that link studies from the Asia-Pacific and European regions presented in this Editorial: (1) indicators and services of urban green spaces; (2) assembly of and changes in diverse plant communities; (3) utilization and evaluation of urban forest landscape; and (4) patterns and drivers of urban agro-forestry systems. These investigations enlarge our understanding on the theoretical exploration and methodological innovation of urban forestry studies in response to the changing environment, and shed some light on routes to achieve sustainable development goals in the context of rapid urbanization.
How Social Media Data Mirror Spatio-Temporal Behavioral Patterns of Tourists in Urban Forests: A Case Study of Kushan Scenic Area in Fuzhou, China
Authors: Lin Hanzheng , Wen Hongyan , Zhang Dan-Yin , Yang Ling , Hong Xin-Chen , Wen Chunying
Published: June 2024

Exploring the spatial distribution of tourist attractions and comprehending the spatio-temporal behaviors of tourists within tourist attractions can provide local planning agencies, destination marketing organizations, and government departments with essential evidence for decision-making processes. This study examines the spatio-temporal behavior patterns of tourists in the Kushan Scenic Area by analyzing GPS trajectory data acquired from social media platforms. The investigation primarily utilizes three research methodologies: grid analysis, Markov chain, and K-means clustering. The grid analysis results reveal three spatial distribution patterns within the scenic area, while the outcomes from the Markov chain and K-means clustering delineate six tourist movement patterns, along with three choices regarding travel time. This finding holds significant practical implications for enhancing the attractiveness of scenic areas, optimizing spatial layout, and improving tourists’ experiences.
The Role and Application of Redox Potential in Wine Technology
Authors: Berovic Marin
Published: June 2024

In wine technology, the on-line measurement of redox potential is a fast, accurate, and reliable measurement that provides insight into the metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, its microbial activity, and the oxidation and reduction state of wine, as well as insight into its quality and stability. The significance of the redox potential measurement and control in wine technology as well as the maintenance and regulation of fermentation redox potential using temperature and carbon dioxide fluxes are discussed. Redox potential levels from Eh 100 to 180 mV are typical for non-oxidized wine that is bottling-ready, while levels of Eh 270 to 460 mV represent oxidized wines with typical failures. The relevance of redox potential measurement during the 2-year maturation of Blau Fränkisch wine in 225 L oak barrels at six levels at a temperature 15 °C is presented. The measurement of the redox potential, expressing heterogeneity in redox layers during wine maturation in oak barrels, is represented in various oxido-reductive fermentation zones. On the contrary, the end of the maturation process is indicated by the homogeneity of redox zones, where the matured wine shows no differences in redox measurement on all levels. Using redox potential as a key scale-up criteria ensures comparable and reproducible amounts of the final product even in geometrically non-similar fermenter systems.
Novel Evolution of Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Humans Compared to Chimpanzees, Gorillas, and Orangutans
Authors: Katsu Yoshinao , Zhang Jiawen , Baker Michael E.
Published: June 2024

We identified five distinct full-length human mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) genes containing either 984 amino acids (MR-984) or 988 amino acids (MR-988), which can be distinguished by the presence or absence of Lys, Cys, Ser, and Trp (KCSW) in their DNA-binding domain (DBD) and mutations at codons 180 and 241 in their amino-terminal domain (NTD). Two human MR-KCSW genes contain either (Val-180, Val-241) or (Ile-180, Val-241) in their NTD, and three human MR-984 genes contain either (Ile-180, Ala-241), (Val-180, Val-241), or (Ile-180, Val-241). Human MR-KCSW with (Ile-180, Ala-241) has not been cloned. In contrast, chimpanzees contain four MRs: two MR-988s with KCSW in their DBD, or two MR-984s without KCSW in their DBD. Chimpanzee MRs only contain (Ile180, Val-241) in their NTD. A chimpanzee MR with either (Val-180, Val-241) or (Ile-180, Ala-241) in the NTD has not been cloned. Gorillas and orangutans each contain one MR-988 with KCSW in the DBD and one MR-984 without KCSW, and these MRs only contain (Ile-180, Val-241) in their NTD. A gorilla MR or orangutan MR with either (Val-180, Val-241) or (Ile-180, Ala-241) in the NTD has not been cloned. Together, these data suggest that human MRs with (Val-180, Val-241) or (Ile-180, Ala-241) in the NTD evolved after humans and chimpanzees diverged from their common ancestor. Considering the multiple functions in human development of the MR in kidney, brain, heart, skin, and lungs, as well as MR activity in interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor, we suggest that the evolution of human MRs that are absent in chimpanzees may have been important in the evolution of humans from chimpanzees. Investigation of the physiological responses to corticosteroids mediated by the MR in humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans may provide insights into the evolution of humans and their closest relatives.
Causality Investigation between Gut Microbiome and Sleep-Related Traits: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhai Mingxia , Song Weichen , Liu Zhe , Cai Wenxiang , Lin Guan Ning
Published: June 2024

Recent research has highlighted associations between sleep and microbial taxa and pathways. However, the causal effect of these associations remains unknown. To investigate this, we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from 412 gut microbiome traits (N = 7738) and GWAS studies from seven sleep-associated traits (N = 345,552 to 386,577). We employed multiple MR methods to assess causality, with Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) as the primary method, alongside a Bonferroni correction ((p < 2.4 × 10−4) to determine significant causal associations. We further applied Cochran’s Q statistical analysis, MR-Egger intercept, and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) for heterogeneity and pleiotropy assessment. IVW estimates revealed 79 potential causal effects of microbial taxa and pathways on sleep-related traits and 45 inverse causal relationships, with over half related to pathways, emphasizing their significance. The results revealed two significant causal associations: genetically determined relative abundance of pentose phosphate decreased sleep duration (p = 9.00 × 10−5), and genetically determined increase in fatty acid level increased the ease of getting up in the morning (p = 8.06 × 10−5). Sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests, as well as a leave-one-out analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms, confirmed the robustness of these relationships. This study explores the potential causal relationships between sleep and microbial taxa and pathways, offering novel insights into their complex interplay.
Three-Way Translocation t(12;15;17) (p13;q24;q21) Found in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with Basophilic Differentiation
Authors: Frazzetto Sara , Gullo Lara , Sapuppo Gabriele , Fazio Manlio , Lo Faro Cristina , Giunta Giuliana , Caravotta Ignazio , Mauro Elisa , Parisi Marina Silvia , Triolo Anna Maria , Parrinello Nunziatina Laura , Consoli Maria Letizia , També Loredana , Cambria Daniela , Marino Sara , Scuderi Grazia , Di Raimondo Francesco
Published: June 2024

Acute promyelocytic leukemia is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia in which immature promyelocytes abnormally proliferate in the bone marrow. In most cases, the disease is characterised by the translocation t(15;17) (q24;q21), which causes the formation of PML::RARA, an oncogenic fusion protein responsible for blocking myeloid differentiation and survival advantage. Here, we present a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia with two unusual features: basophilic differentiation and a three-way translocation involving chromosomes 12, 15 and 17. In the few cases reported, basophilic differentiation was associated with a poor prognosis. In contrast, our patient responded promptly to the standard treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) and obtained complete remission. To our knowledge, this is the first report of basophilic acute promyelocytic leukemia with the three-way translocation t(12;17;15) (p13; q24;q21).
Assessing the Long-COVID Impact on Heritage Organisations
Authors: Volanakis Ari , Seymour Colin , Fouseki Kalliopi
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to understand the long-COVID impact on cultural heritage organisations, and future research needed. COVID-19 was disruptive to cultural heritage socioeconomic activities across the world during 2020 and 2021. Whilst government intervention and changes from physical to digital engagement generally prevailed, the long-COVID impact on cultural heritage organisations, their people and users, buildings, and collections remains unknown. The extent, also, to which financing, curating, visiting, and volunteering patterns have changed is uncertain. Following the pandemic closures and associated support, cultural heritage organisations are facing continuing economic, social, political, environmental, technological, and organisational culture pressures. This research examines the existing academic literature, sector publications, annual reports and associated visitor information to understand whether cultural heritage organisations have long-COVID, whether they can survive another pandemic, and what further research is needed to be better prepared. Four case studies from the UK look at the visitor and financial impacts of COVID-19 on the British Library, the London Transport Museum, The Theatre Royal Drury Lane, and Kensington Palace. This paper contributes to heritage research by providing a deeper understanding of the impact that COVID-19 had on heritage, and how to proactively plan for similar future disruptions. The impact themes show that change did not result in a new normal but in the need for a new space, consisting of blended space (physical and digital), mixed space (indoors and outdoors), and community of practice space (isolated or cross-sector networking space). The literature highlights the significance of the sector coming together during the pandemic to share knowledge and provide support through its networks. It also highlights how important it is for such unity not to be lost but to be harnessed to support ongoing organisational sustainability and better preparedness for future crises. Finally, future research suggestions are proposed grouped into social, digital, financial, and operational research themes.
Natural Dyes in Embroideries of Byzantine Tradition, the Collection of Embroidered Aëres and Epitaphioi in the National Museum of Art of Romania
Authors: Petroviciu Irina , Cernea Emanuela , Turcu Iolanda , Vasilca Silvana , Vanden Berghe Ina
Published: June 2024

The medieval textiles collection of the National Museum of Art of Romania (MNAR) has been in place since 1865 and nowadays preserves about 1000 medieval and pre-modern weavings and embroideries. These extremely valuable objects, dated between the 14th and the 19th centuries, are mainly religious embroidered garments and veils with special significance in the Byzantine li-turgy. Ecclesiastical embroideries of Byzantine tradition are characterized by a complex technique: metallic threads with a silk core, metallic wires and coloured silk threads are couched over padding on layers of silk and cellulosic supports so as to create relief through light reflection. The silk sup-ports and the sewing threads are coloured, mainly in red, blue, green and yellow hues, and analytical investigations of the dyes used in embroideries preserved in the MNAR, in the Putna and Sucevița Monasteries, have been released in previous studies by the corresponding author. The present work continues the approach with research into dyes in about 25 aëres and epitaphioi from the MNAR collection. Considering their privileged function in the liturgical ritual, these luxurious pieces embroidered with silver, gilded silver or coloured silk threads and decorated with pearls, sequins or semi-precious stones are the most faithful description of the stylistic and technological evolution of the art of post-Byzantine embroidery in the Romanian provinces. The data resulting from the present research will improve the knowledge regarding this topic. Dye analysis was performed by liquid chromatography with diode array detection, while fibres were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (with attenuated total reflectance) and optical microscopy. The biological sources identified—carminic acid-based dyes, redwood, dyer’s broom, weld, indigo-based dyes––will be discussed in correspondence with their use in the embroidery technique: support, lining and embroidery threads, together with other sources previously reported on Byzantine embroideries in Romanian collections, and in similar objects preserved at Holy Mount Athos.
Different Oligosaccharides Induce Coordination and Promotion of Root Growth and Leaf Senescence during Strawberry and Cucumber Growth
Authors: Xu Yanan , Han Yan , Han Wei , Yang Yigang , Saito Makoto , Lv Guohua , Song Jiqing , Bai Wenbo
Published: June 2024

Oligosaccharides, as a wide type of polysaccharide, have a broad antimicrobial spectrum and promote development as plant growth stimulants. To investigate the regulation effects of different oligosaccharides on the dynamic changes of chlorophyll content, leaf fluorescence, root activity and morphology, and chloroplast ultrastructure, as well as the yields and yield components of strawberry and cucumber, typical greenhouse experiments were conducted over two years (2021–2022). The experimental plants were foliar sprayed with tap water (CK), chitosan oligosaccharide (CSOS), and mixed oligosaccharides (MixOS) five times before flowering. The conventional management (CM) was conducted as a conventional control. The findings of the present study suggest that the application of MixOS has the greatest regulation effects on delayed leaf senescence, well-developed roots, and higher fruit productions of strawberry and cucumber. Exogenous MixOS resulted in significant increases in SPAD values, maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and photochemical quenching coefficiency (qP); they were increased by 1.94–28.96%, 5.41–33.89%, and 9.93–62.07%, compared to the CSOS, CM, and CK treatments, respectively. The orderly and steady structure of thylakoids in the chloroplast, and the randomly distributed starch grains, could be clearly observed in the MixOS treatment, while the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was correspondingly reduced by 19.04–45.92%. Meanwhile, the remarkable promotion of root activity and root surface morphology indicators (i.e., root length, surface area, average diameter, and volume) could be observed when exposed to the MixOS treatments, and the total yields of strawberry and cucumber were all increased by 12.40–25.57%. These findings suggest that the mixed oligosaccharides mainly promote the coordinated growth of root and shoot, which leads to the improved yields of strawberry and cucumber.
Investigating the Interplay of Toxic Metals and Essential Elements in Liver Disease
Authors: Adetunji Aderonke Gbemi , Obeng-Gyasi Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

Liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are a growing global health issue. Environmental exposure to toxic metals can harm the liver, increasing the risk of NAFLD. Essential elements are vital for liver health, but imbalances or deficiencies can contribute to the development of NAFLD. Therefore, understanding the interplay between toxic metals and essential elements in liver disease is important. This study aims to assess the individual and combined effects of toxic metals (lead(Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg)), and essential elements (manganese and selenium) on the risk of liver disease. Methods: We assessed the individual and combined effects of Pb, Cd, Hg, manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) on liver disease risk using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2017 and 2018. We performed descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis and then utilized Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) techniques such as univariate, bivariate, and overall effect analysis. BKMR enabled the assessment of non-linear exposure–response functions and interactions between metals and essential elements. Posterior Inclusion Probabilities (PIPs) were calculated to determine the importance of each metal and essential element in contributing to liver disease. Regarding our study results, the regression analysis of liver injury biomarkers ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin, and the FLI—an indicator of NAFLD—with toxic metals and essential elements, adjusting for covariates such as age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, ethnicity, income, and smoking status, demonstrated the differential effects of these contaminants on the markers of interest. Our BKMR analysis provided further insights. For instance, the PIP results underscored Pb’s consistent importance in contributing to liver disease (PIP = 1.000), followed by Hg (PIP = 0.9512), Cd (PIP = 0.5796), Se (PIP = 0.5572), and Mn (PIP = 0.4248). Our univariate analysis showed a positive trend with Pb, while other exposures were relatively flat. Our analysis of the single-variable effects of toxic metals and essential elements on NAFLD also revealed that Pb significantly affected the risk of NAFLD. Our bivariate analysis found a positive (toxic) trend when Pb was combined with other metals and essential elements. For the overall exposure effect of exposure to all the contaminants together, the estimated risk of NAFLD showed a steady increase from the 60th to the 75th percentile. In conclusion, our study indicates that Pb exposure, when combined with other toxic metals and essential elements, plays a significant role in bringing about adverse liver disease outcomes.
Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Adipose Tissue during Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Influence Reverse Cholesterol Transport-Related Gene Expression in Human Macrophages
Authors: Dracheva Kseniia V. , Pobozheva Irina A. , Anisimova Kristina A. , Panteleeva Aleksandra A. , Garaeva Luiza A. , Balandov Stanislav G. , Hamid Zarina M. , Vasilevsky Dmitriy I. , Pchelina Sofya N. , Miroshnikova Valentina V.
Published: June 2024

Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipose tissue (AT) extracellular vesicles (EVs) could play a role in obesity and T2DM associated CVD progression via the influence of their specific cargo on gene expression in recipient cells. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of AT EVs of patients with obesity with/without T2DM on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT)-related gene expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from healthy donors. AT EVs were obtained after ex vivo cultivation of visceral and subcutaneous AT (VAT and SAT, respectively). ABCA1, ABCG1, PPARG, LXRβ (NR1H2), and LXRα (NR1H3) mRNA levels in MDMs as well as in origine AT were determined by a real-time PCR. T2DM VAT and SAT EVs induced ABCG1 gene expression whereas LXRα and PPARG mRNA levels were simultaneously downregulated. PPARG mRNA levels also decreased in the presence of VAT EVs of obese patients without T2DM. In contrast ABCA1 and LXRβ mRNA levels tended to increase with the addition of obese AT EVs. Thus, AT EVs can influence RCT gene expression in MDMs during obesity, and the effects are dependent on T2DM status.
Gamification Concepts to Promote and Maintain Therapy Adherence in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: Radovick Sally , Hershkovitz Eli , Kalisvaart Aline , Koning Marco , Paridaens Kristine , Kamel Boulos Maged
Published: June 2024

Growth hormone (GH) deficiency affects up to one in 4000 children and is usually treated with daily injections of GH whilst the child is still growing. With children typically diagnosed at around five years old, this can mean over 10 years of therapy, which can place a considerable burden on the child and the parent. Over three-quarters of children are estimated to be not fully compliant with therapy, which can compromise their chances of attaining their target height. In recent years, interactive mobile health (smart phone or tablet) interventions using game-like concepts, so called ‘gamification’, have increased in popularity and have demonstrated success in promoting positive self-management behaviour in children with chronic conditions, such as diabetes. The application of gamified interventions has the potential to support adherence to therapy and positive behaviour in children with GH deficiency in a number of ways: (1) By providing education in a format that the child understands and accepts (e.g., using behavioural constructs to facilitate explaining why adherence is important); (2) By providing a mechanism to reduce the anxiety and stress associated with administering the injection (e.g., diversion with a virtual pet); and (3) By providing feedback to encourage ongoing engagement (e.g., rewards, progression through levels).