bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using patient biomarker time series to determine mortality risk in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: A comparative analysis across two New York hospitals
Authors: Lambert Ben , Stopard Isaac J. , Momeni-Boroujeni Amir , Mendoza Rachelle , Zuretti Alejandro
Published: August 2022

A large range of prognostic models for determining the risk of COVID-19 patient mortality exist, but these typically restrict the set of biomarkers considered to measurements available at patient admission. Additionally, many of these models are trained and tested on patient cohorts from a single hospital, raising questions about the generalisability of results. We used a Bayesian Markov model to analyse time series data of biomarker measurements taken throughout the duration of a COVID-19 patient’s hospitalisation forn= 1540 patients from two hospitals in New York: State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University and Maimonides Medical Center. Our main focus was to quantify the mortality risk associated with both static (e.g. demographic and patient history variables) and dynamic factors (e.g. changes in biomarkers) throughout hospitalisation, by so doing, to explain the observed patterns of mortality. By using our model to make predictions across the hospitals, we assessed how predictive factors generalised between the two cohorts. The individual dynamics of the measurements and their associated mortality risk were remarkably consistent across the hospitals. The model accuracy in predicting patient outcome (death or discharge) was 72.3% (predicting SUNY; posterior median accuracy) and 71.3% (predicting Maimonides) respectively. Model sensitivity was higher for detecting patients who would go on to be discharged (78.7%) versus those who died (61.8%). Our results indicate the utility of including dynamic clinical measurements when assessing patient mortality risk but also highlight the difficulty of identifying high risk patients.
The impact of comorbid severe mental illness and common chronic physical health conditions on hospitalisation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Launders Naomi , Dotsikas Kate , Marston Louise , Price Gabriele , Osborn David P. J. , Hayes Joseph F.
Published: August 2022

Background

People with severe mental illness (SMI) are at higher risk of physical health conditions compared to the general population, however, the impact of specific underlying health conditions on the use of secondary care by people with SMI is unknown. We investigated hospital use in people managed in the community with SMI and five common physical long-term conditions: cardiovascular diseases, COPD, cancers, diabetes and liver disease.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (Prospero: CRD42020176251) using terms for SMI, physical health conditions and hospitalisation. We included observational studies in adults under the age of 75 with a diagnosis of SMI who were managed in the community and had one of the physical conditions of interest. The primary outcomes were hospital use for all causes, physical health causes and related to the physical condition under study. We performed random-effects meta-analyses, stratified by physical condition.

Results

We identified 5,129 studies, of which 50 were included: focusing on diabetes (n = 21), cardiovascular disease (n = 19), COPD (n = 4), cancer (n = 3), liver disease (n = 1), and multiple physical health conditions (n = 2). The pooled odds ratio (pOR) of any hospital use in patients with diabetes and SMI was 1.28 (95%CI:1.15–1.44) compared to patients with diabetes alone and pooled hazard ratio was 1.19 (95%CI:1.08–1.31). The risk of 30-day readmissions was raised in patients with SMI and diabetes (pOR: 1.18, 95%CI:1.08–1.29), SMI and cardiovascular disease (pOR: 1.27, 95%CI:1.06–1.53) and SMI and COPD (pOR:1.18, 95%CI: 1.14–1.22) compared to patients with those conditions but no SMI.

Conclusion

People with SMI and five physical conditions are at higher risk of hospitalisation compared to people with that physical condition alone. Further research is warranted into the combined effects of SMI and physical conditions on longer-term hospital use to better target interventions aimed at reducing inappropriate hospital use and improving disease management and outcomes.
Exploration of Streptococcus core genome to reveal druggable targets and novel therapeutics against S. pneumoniae
Authors: Chowdhury Zeshan Mahmud , Bhattacharjee Arittra , Ahammad Ishtiaque , Hossain Mohammad Uzzal , Jaber Abdullah All , Rahman Anisur , Dev Preonath Chondrow , Salimullah Md. , Keya Chaman Ara
Published: August 2022

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), the major etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) contributes significantly to the global burden of infectious diseases which is getting resistant day by day. Nearly 30% of the S. pneumoniae genomes encode hypothetical proteins (HPs), and better understandings of these HPs in virulence and pathogenicity plausibly decipher new treatments. Some of the HPs are present across many Streptococcus species, systematic assessment of these unexplored HPs will disclose prospective drug targets. In this study, through a stringent bioinformatics analysis of the core genome and proteome of S. pneumoniae PCS8235, we identified and analyzed 28 HPs that are common in many Streptococcus species and might have a potential role in the virulence or pathogenesis of the bacteria. Functional annotations of the proteins were conducted based on the physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, virulence prediction, protein-protein interactions, and identification of essential genes, to find potentially druggable proteins among 28 HPs. The majority of the HPs are involved in bacterial transcription and translation. Besides, some of them were homologs of enzymes, binding proteins, transporters, and regulators. Protein-protein interactions revealed HP PCS8235_RS05845 made the highest interactions with other HPs and also has TRP structural motif along with virulent and pathogenic properties indicating it has critical cellular functions and might go under unconventional protein secretions. The second highest interacting protein HP PCS8235_RS02595 interacts with the Regulator of chromosomal segregation (RocS) which participates in chromosome segregation and nucleoid protection in S. pneumoniae. In this interacting network, 54% of protein members have virulent properties and 40% contain pathogenic properties. Among them, most of these proteins circulate in the cytoplasmic area and have hydrophilic properties. Finally, molecular docking and dynamics simulation demonstrated that the antimalarial drug Artenimol can act as a drug repurposing candidate against HP PCS8235_RS 04650 of S. pneumoniae. Hence, the present study could aid in drugs against S. pneumoniae.
Murine precursors to type 1 conventional dendritic cells induce tumor cytotoxicity and exhibit activated PD-1/PD-L1 pathway
Authors: Molina Megan S. , Hoffman Emely A. , Stokes Jessica , Kummet Nicole , Simpson Richard J. , Katsanis Emmanuel
Published: August 2022

The immediate precursor to murine type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) has recently been established and named “pre-cDC1s”. Mature CD8α+ cDC1s are recognized for suppressing graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) while promoting graft-versus-leukemia (GvL), however pre-cDC1s have not previously been investigated in the context of alloreactivity or anti-tumor responses. Characterization of pre-cDC1s, compared to CD8α+ cDC1s, found that a lower percentage of pre-cDC1s express PD-L1, yet express greater PD-L1 by MFI and a greater percent PIR-B, a GvHD-suppressing molecule. Functional assays were performed ex vivo following in vivo depletion of CD8α+ DCs to examine whether pre-cDC1s play a redundant role in alloreactivity. Proliferation assays revealed less allogeneic T-cell proliferation in the absence of CD8α+ cDC1s, with slightly greater CD8+ T-cell proliferation. Further, in the absence of CD8α+ cDC1s, stimulated CD8+ T-cells exhibited significantly less PD-1 expression compared to CD4+ T-cells, and alloreactive T-cell death was significantly lower, driven by reduced CD4+ T-cell death. Tumor-killing assays revealed that T-cells primed with CD8α-depleted DCs ex vivo induce greater killing of A20 B-cell leukemia cells, particularly when antigen (Ag) is limited. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed distinct transcriptional programs of these DCs, with pre-cDC1s exhibiting activated PD-1/PD-L1 signaling compared to CD8α+ cDC1s. These results indicate distinct T-cell-priming capabilities of murine pre-cDC1s compared to CD8α+ cDC1s ex vivo, with potentially clinically relevant implications in suppressing GvHD while promoting GvL responses, highlighting the need for greater investigation of murine pre-cDC1s.
Evaluating open-note exams: Student perceptions and preparation methods in an undergraduate biology class
Authors: Driessen Emily P. , Beatty Abby E. , Ballen Cissy J.
Published: August 2022

Although closed-note exams have traditionally been used to evaluate students in undergraduate biology classes, open-note exams are becoming increasingly common, though little is known about how students prepare for these types of exams. We investigated student perceptions of and their preparation habits for online open-note exams in an undergraduate biology class, as compared to their previous experiences with closed-note exams in other classes. Specifically, we explored the following research questions: (1a) How do students perceive open-note exams impact their exam scores, their anxiety, the amount they studied, and the amount their peers studied? (1b) How do these perceptions impact performance outcomes? (2a) How do students prepare for open-note exams? (2b) How do these preparation methods impact performance outcomes? Results demonstrate students perceived increased exam scores, decreased exam-anxiety, decreased study time spent personally, and decreased study time spent by their peers for open-note exams, as compared to past experiences with closed-note exams. Open-ended survey responses analyzed through first- and second-cycle analyses showed students adapted their study habits by focusing on note preparation and broad conceptual understanding rather than rote memorization. Using linear mixed effects models to assess student performance, we found students who focused on understanding, note preparation and using external resources outperformed students who did not report those study habits. As institutions shift towards flexible and scalable assessments that can be used in face-to-face or online environments, the use of open-note exams can promote effective study habits and reward higher-order thinking with intentional guidance from the instructor.
Single amino-acid mutation in a Drosoph ila melanogaster ribosomal protein: An insight in uL11 transcriptional activity
Authors: Grunchec Héloïse , Deraze Jérôme , Dardalhon-Cuménal Delphine , Ribeiro Valérie , Coléno-Costes Anne , Dias Karine , Bloyer Sébastien , Mouchel-Vielh Emmanuèle , Peronnet Frédérique , Thomassin Hélène
Published: August 2022

The ribosomal protein uL11 is located at the basis of the ribosome P-stalk and plays a paramount role in translational efficiency. In addition, no mutant for uL11 is available suggesting that this gene is haplo-insufficient as many other Ribosomal Protein Genes (RPGs). We have previously shown that overexpression of Drosophila melanogaster uL11 enhances the transcription of many RPGs and Ribosomal Biogenesis genes (RiBis) suggesting that uL11 might globally regulate the level of translation through its transcriptional activity. Moreover, uL11 trimethylated on lysine 3 (uL11K3me3) interacts with the chromodomain of the Enhancer of Polycomb and Trithorax Corto, and both proteins co-localize with RNA Polymerase II at many sites on polytene chromosomes. These data have led to the hypothesis that the N-terminal end of uL11, and more particularly the trimethylation of lysine 3, supports the extra-ribosomal activity of uL11 in transcription. To address this question, we mutated the lysine 3 codon using a CRISPR/Cas9 strategy and obtained several lysine 3 mutants. We describe here the first mutants of D. melanogaster uL11. Unexpectedly, the uL11K3A mutant, in which the lysine 3 codon is replaced by an alanine, displays a genuine Minute phenotype known to be characteristic of RPG deletions (longer development, low fertility, high lethality, thin and short bristles) whereas the uL11K3Y mutant, in which the lysine 3 codon is replaced by a tyrosine, is unaffected. In agreement, the rate of translation decreases in uL11K3A but not in uL11K3Y. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments show that the interaction between uL11 and the Corto chromodomain is impaired by both mutations. However, Histone Association Assays indicate that the mutant proteins still bind chromatin. RNA-seq analyses from wing imaginal discs show that Corto represses RPG expression whereas very few genes are deregulated in uL11 mutants. We propose that Corto, by repressing RPG expression, ensures that all ribosomal proteins are present at the correct stoichiometry, and that uL11 fine-tunes its transcriptional regulation of RPGs.
Various impacts of driver mutations on the PD-L1 expression of NSCLC
Authors: Chu Cheng-Hsiang , Huang Yen-Hsiang , Lee Po-Hsin , Hsu Kuo-Hsuan , Chen Kun-Chieh , Su Kang-Yi , Yu Sung-Liang , Tseng Jeng-Sen , Yang Tsung-Ying , Chang Gee-Chen
Published: August 2022

We aimed to evaluate whether different driver mutations have varying impacts on the programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and whether the prognostic roles of PD-L1 amongst our patients were divergent. This was a single-institute study that included patients with NSCLC. Six driver mutations, PD-L1 status, and the outcomes of treatment were assessed. A total of 1,001 NSCLC patients were included for analysis. Overall, the PD-L1 positive (TPS ≥ 1%) and strong positive (TPS ≥ 50%) rates were 52.2% and 17.3%, respectively. As compared with wild type lung adenocarcinoma, EGFR-mutant and HER2-mutant patients had similarly low PD-L1 and strong PD-L1 positive rates. BRAF-mutant patients had numerically higher PD-L1 and strong PD-L1 positive rates. Patients with fusion mutation (ALK and ROS1) (aOR 2.32 [95% CI 1.10–4.88], P = 0.027 and 2.33 [95% CI 1.11–4.89], P = 0.026), KRAS mutation (aOR 2.58 [95% CI 1.16–5.75], P = 0.020 and 2.44 [95% CI 1.11–5.35], P = 0.026), and non-adenocarcinoma histology (aOR 2.73 [95% CI 1.72–4.34], P < 0.001 and 1.93 [95% CI 1.13–3.30], P = 0.016) all had significantly higher PD-L1 and strong PD-L1 positive rates. A trend towards longer survival was noted in ROS-1 rearranged and KRAS-mutant patients with strong PD-L1 expression who had received crizotinib and chemotherapy, respectively. In conclusion, individual driver mutations had various impacts on the PD-L1 expression of NSCLC patients. The prognostic role of PD-L1 may also be divergent amongst patients harboring different driver mutations.
Protocol for a feasibility evaluation of a Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) programme to improve resilience and academic achievement in refugee children from a community learning centre in Malaysia: PARSEL (Participatory Action Research on SEL)
Authors: Yap Kwong Hsia , Koh Ashley , Kumar Anesha , Lahpai Magdalene , Cheng Kah Hoe , Ravindaran Tharsini , Vasu Priya , Verghis Sharuna
Published: August 2022

This paper describes a protocol for the feasibility evaluation of the Participatory Action Research on Social and Emotional Learning (PARSEL) programme. PARSEL aims to contribute towards the development of academic achievement and resilience among urban refugee students in a community learning centre in an upper middle-income country. The evaluation is a single arm pre-post design using a mixed methods approach, with the main focus on the feasibility of the programme. Measurements of impact are also included as the secondary outcomes of the study. The programme aims to enrol students from refugee background in a community learning centre. The programme is estimated to run for 18 months and the study is due to report in the end of fourth quarter of 2022.
Novel findings in context of molecular diversity and abundance of bacteriophages in wastewater environments of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazi Fahad , Nour Islam , Hanif Atif , Al-Ashkar Ibrahim , Aljowaie Reem M. , Eifan Saleh
Published: August 2022

The diversity among bacteriophages depends on different factors like ecology, temperature conditions and genetic pool. Current study focused on isolation, identification and diversity of phages from 34 sewage water samples collected from two different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), King Saud University wastewater treatment plants (KSU-WWTP) and Manfoha wastewater treatment plants (MN-WWTP) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Samples were analyzed by PCR and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Siphoviridae, Podoviridae and Myoviridae families were detected by family-specific PCR and highest prevalence of Myoviridae 29.40% was found at MN-WWTP followed by 11.76% at KSU-WWTP. Siphoviridae was detected 11.76% at MN-WWTP and 5.88% at KSU-WWTP. Lowest prevalence for Podoviridae family (5.88%) was recorded at MN-WWTP. Significant influence of temporal variations on prevalence of Myoviridae and Siphoviridae was detected in both WWTP and MN-WWTP, respectively. Highest phage prevalence was obtained in August (75%), followed by September (50%). Highest phage prevalence was recorded at a temperature range of 29–33°C. Significant influence of temperature on the prevalence of Myoviridae phages was detected at MN-WWTP. Four bacteriophages with various abundance levels were identified by NGS. Cronobacter virus Esp2949-1 was found first time with highest abundance (4.41%) in wastewater of Riyadh. Bordetella virus BPP1 (4.14%), Dickeya virus Limestone (1.55%) and Ralstonia virus RSA1 (1.04%) were also detected from samples of MN-WWTP. Highest occurrence of Bordetella virus BPP1 (67%) and (33.33%) was recorded at KSU-WWTP and MN-WWTP, respectively. Highest Bordetella virus BPP1 occurrence was recorded in September (50%) followed by August (40%). The findings of study showed new insights of phage diversity from wastewater sources and further large-scale data studies are suggested for comprehensive understanding.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agriculture in India: Cross-sectional results from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Jaacks Lindsay M. , Gupta Niti , Plage Jagjit , Awasthi Ashish , Veluguri Divya , Rastogi Sanjay , Dall’Agnese Elena , Ramanjaneyulu GV , Jain Abhishek
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted agriculture in India in many ways, yet no nationally representative survey has been conducted to quantify these impacts. The three objectives of this study were to evaluate how the pandemic has influenced: (1) cropping patterns and input use, (2) farmers’ willingness to adopt sustainable agricultural practices, and (3) farmers’ COVID-19 symptoms. Phone surveys were conducted between December 2020 and January 2021 with farmers who had previously participated in a nationally representative survey. Values are reported as weighted percent (95% confidence interval). A total of 3,637 farmers completed the survey; 59% (56–61%) were small/marginal farmers; 72% (69–74%) were male; and 52% (49–55%) had a below poverty line ration card. A majority of farmers (84% [82–86%]) reported cultivating the same crops in 2019 and 2020. Farmers who reported a change in their cropping patterns were more likely to be cultivating vegetables (p = 0.001) and soybean (p<0.001) and less likely to be cultivating rice (p<0.001). Concerning inputs, 66% (63–68%) of farmers reported no change in fertilizers; 66% (64–69%) reported no change in pesticides; and 59% (56–62%) reported no change in labor. More than half of farmers (62% [59–65%]) were interested in trying sustainable farming, primarily because of government schemes or because their peers were practicing it. About one-fifth (18% [15–21%]) of farmers reported COVID-19 symptoms in the past month (cough, fever, or shortness of breath) and among those with symptoms, 37% (28–47%) reported it affected their ability to work. In conclusion, COVID-19 infections had started to impact farmers’ productivity even during the first wave in India. Most farmers continued to grow the same crops with no change in input use. However, many expressed an interest in learning more about practicing sustainable farming. Findings will inform future directions for resilient agri-food systems.
Animals and Artists
Authors: Atkinson Elizabeth Eleanor Jacqueline
Published: August 2022

This book explores a selection of artistic representations of animals. Positioned within contemporary debates around the animal question, it challenges anthropocentric beliefs about the all-knowing, rational and speaking human subject and argues that the irrationality of animal worlds marks the very limits of human thinking.
Satisfaction With Telehealth Among Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome During COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Survey Findings
Authors: Yu Christine , Tovar Stephanie , Shi Jiaxiao , Padilla Ariadna , Pounds Dana , van Deen Welmoed K. , Almario Christopher V. , Wu Bechien U.
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Coronavirus disease 2019 rapidly shifted health care toward telehealth. We assessed satisfaction with and preferences for telehealth among patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

METHODS:

We conducted a cross-sectional survey in an integrated healthcare system in Southern California with members aged 18–90 years with an International Classification of Diseases 9 and 10 codes for IBS from office-based encounters between June 1, 2018, and June 1, 2020. Eligible patients were emailed a survey assessing telehealth satisfaction overall and by patient-related factors, IBS characteristics, health and technologic literacy, utilization, and coronavirus disease 2019 perceptions. We identified perceived telehealth benefits and challenges. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of telehealth dissatisfaction.

RESULTS:

Of 44,789 surveys sent, 5,832 (13.0%) patients responded and 1,632 (3.6%) had Rome IV IBS. Among 1,314 (22.5%) patients with IBS and prior telehealth use (mean age 52.6 years [17.4]; 84.9% female; and 59.4% non-Hispanic White, 29.0% Hispanic, and 5.6% non-Hispanic Black), 898 (68.3%) were satisfied, 130 (9.9%) were dissatisfied, and 286 (21.8%) felt neutral. In addition, 78.6% would use telehealth again. Independent predictors of telehealth dissatisfaction include social media use of once a week or less (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 1.3–3.5), duration of IBS for <1 year (adjusted OR = 8.2; 1.9–35.8), and willingness to travel 60 plus minutes for face-to-face visits (adjusted OR = 2.6; 1.4–3.7). Patients' main concern with telehealth was a lack of physical examination.

DISCUSSION:

Most of the patients with IBS are satisfied with telehealth. Shorter duration of IBS diagnosis, comfort with technology, and increased willingness to travel were associated with telehealth dissatisfaction. These predictors may help identify a target population for a focused IBS-telehealth program.
Detecting Colorectal Adenomas and Cancer Using Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath: A Proof-of-Principle Study to Improve Screening
Authors: Cheng Hao Ran , van Vorstenbosch Robert W.R. , Pachen Daniëlle M. , Meulen Lonne W.T. , Straathof Jan Willem A. , Dallinga Jan W. , Jonkers Daisy M.A.E. , Masclee Ad A.M. , Schooten Frederik-Jan van , Mujagic Zlatan , Smolinska Agnieszka
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) by screening programs is crucial because survival rates worsen at advanced stages. However, the currently used screening method, the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), suffers from a high number of false-positives and is insensitive for detecting advanced adenomas (AAs), resulting in false-negatives for these premalignant lesions. Therefore, more accurate, noninvasive screening tools are needed. In this study, the utility of analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath in a FIT-positive population to detect the presence of colorectal neoplasia was studied.

METHODS:

In this multicenter prospective study, breath samples were collected from 382 FIT-positive patients with subsequent colonoscopy participating in the national Dutch bowel screening program (n = 84 negative controls, n = 130 non-AAs, n = 138 AAs, and n = 30 CRCs). Precolonoscopy exhaled VOCs were analyzed using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the data were preprocessed and analyzed using machine learning techniques.

RESULTS:

Using 10 discriminatory VOCs, AAs could be distinguished from negative controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 70%, respectively. Based on this biomarker profile, CRC and AA combined could be discriminated from controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 77% and 70%, respectively, and CRC alone could be discriminated from controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 70%, respectively. Moreover, the feasibility to discriminate non-AAs from controls and AAs was shown.

DISCUSSION:

VOCs in exhaled breath can detect the presence of AAs and CRC in a CRC screening population and may improve CRC screening in the future.
EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME UNDERGOING FUNCTIONAL EXPANSION PHARYNGOPLASTY, IN A HOSPITAL IN CURITIBA
Authors: Araujo Marielle Brito , Mariano Fernando Cesar
Published: August 2022

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) has been increasingly recognized as a high prevalence condition and an independent risk factor for cardiac, metabolic, neurological, and perioperative morbidities, as well as erectile dysfunction, and traffic accidents, with non-standard surgical treatments and controversial results that do not seem to keep pace with the promising findings in the pathophysiology of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the Functional Expansion Pharyngoplasty technique in a group of patients with OSAS and small palatine tonsils. Preoperative and postoperative anthropometric and polysomnographic data from the medical records of 13 patients, of both sexes, in a renowned hospital in Curitiba (Brazil), were retrospectively analyzed. The 50% improvement in AHI (Apnea Hypopnea Index) and/or AHI below 20/h (Sher’s criteria) were considered surgical success. As a result, 84.6% of the patients achieved a significant AHI reduction (p=0.005), with 76.9% Sher’s success rate, and an also significant sleep time reduction, with oxyhemoglobin saturation below 90% (p=0.018). It can be concluded that the Functional Expansion Pharyngoplasty technique seems to be an effective alternative for the surgical treatment of patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with small palatine tonsils.
COMPARISON BETWEEN MICROSCOPIC AND ENDOSCOPIC STAPEDOTOMY
Authors: Peruchi Giovana Spilere , Hamerschmidt Rogério , Hurtado Johann G. G. Melcherts
Published: August 2022

Stapedotomy is a challenging ear surgery, with known risks and limitations, and with a great impact on the patient’s life. The microscope has long been established as the way to perform the procedure. With the advent of the endoscope, accompanied by a broad view of the anatomy of the middle ear and its structures, surgeons have increasingly opted for this means of access. Both have an endaural approach, showing similar audiometric results, each with its advantages and disadvantages. This study makes a comparison between the ways to perform stapedotomy: microscope and endoscope. Patients with otosclerosis and indication for surgery were selected, and microscopic or endoscopic stapedotomy were performed randomly, according to the surgeon’s preference. Two months after the intervention, audiometric results, intraoperative complications, postoperative symptoms, and time taken to perform each route were compared. Based on these data, it was observed that regardless of the means of access, the results were equivalent, with the advantage of a broader view using the endoscope, demanding a longer procedure time. The choice of method must be made according to the skill of each surgeon.
Methods for Fault Location in High Voltage Power Transmission Lines: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Hung Truong Ngoc
Published: August 2022

Power transmission system stability can be significantly affected due to faults. The fault location accuracy in the transmission lines can make many benefits such as acceleration of the line restoration, reduction in cost, breakdown time, maintenance, and time searching. The methods based on the impedance, including the simple reactance, Takagi, modified Takagi, and double-end, are very much appreciated for locating the fault in transmission lines and especially by estimating the fault distance. This study proposes a comparative case study between these methods. The theoretical basis and the analysis, calculation, and estimation of each method are specifically re-established. To observe the performance of each method, a practical 220kV Quy Nhon - Tuy Hoa transmission line in Vietnam is used to simulate, calculate, evaluate, and compare under the various fault types and resistances. The power system is modeled and simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink software via the time domain. The voltage and current measurements at two ends of the line are used to determine the fault location on the Quy Nhon - Tuy Hoa transmission line. The simulation results show clearly the effectiveness of each fault location method.
Representaciones sociales de la salud sexual: encuentros y desencuentros al realizarse la prueba de VIH
Authors: Figueroa Varela Ma. del Rocío , Herrera Herrera Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2022

El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las diferencias de contenido y estructura de representaciones sociales de salud sexual entre mujeres y hombres según si se habían realizado o no pruebas de detección de VIH. A través de un muestreo aleatorio intencionado, se aplicó la técnica de evocación jerárquica a 204 jóvenes de entre 18 y 29 años de edad en Tepic, Nayarit, México. Se realizó un análisis de importancia y frecuencia de términos asociados para identificar la estructura de la representación y una categorización por áreas teóricas para clasificar su contenido. Para los jóvenes que no se habían realizado la prueba de VIH, la salud sexual fue entendida desde referencias biomédicas con hincapié en la responsabilidad, mientras que aquéllos que sí se habían realizado el diagnóstico añadieron a su compresión significados relacionados con afectos y autocuidado. Los resultados son discutidos a partir de su articulación con los sistemas socioculturales de género, sexualidad y salud.
Isolation of Cellulose from Leucaena leucocephala Mature Pods and How Different Bleaching Agents Affect Its Characterization
Authors: Aridi Aida Safina , Yusof Yus Aniza , Nyuk Ling Chin , Ishak Nur Akmal , Mohammad Yusof Nor Nadiah
Published: August 2022

A Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer was used to investigate the effect of using different bleaching agents during the bleaching process on the functional group of cellulose obtained from Leucaena leucocephala pods. The spectra showed that fiber treated with 5 % sodium hypochlorite (NaCIO) showed a similar functional group with the commercial cellulose. Moreover, the chemical composition analysis and whiteness index showed that fiber treated with NaCIO produced 89.37 % cellulose. The whiteness index was 78.5 %, which was the highest. Therefore, these results are expected to provide insight into the potential of utilizing L. leucocephala pods as the alternative raw material for the isolation of cellulose, as the pods of these plants are underutilized.
FRAME MODEL OF UNIAXIAL STRETCHING OF 1x1 RIB KNITS
Authors: Yelina Tetiana , Halavska Liudmyla , Bobrova Svitlana , Shcherban Volodymyr , Dzykovych Tetiana
Published: August 2022

One of the nowadays challenges is the development of scientific sound models of knitwear deformations. The paper is devoted to developing an algorithm for constructing a frame model of rib 1x1 knits stretched in the course or wale direction. In the process of uniaxial stretching, the shape of the sample depends on the tensile forces orientation. A frame model of a deformed knitted structure, and an algorithm of construction of a mesh frame, are developed during the study. The frame model makes it possible to find coordinates of intermeshing points of every stitch. Then yarn characteristic points can be determined that, in turn, serve as input data for the construction of 3D model of rib 1x1 structure under uniaxial tensile deformations at the yarn level of detail. The study provides a graphical tool for formalization of geometric transformation that happen during 2D deformations of knitted structures, characterized by gradual change of the specimens width crosswise to the loading direction. This model is intended to become a part of a general deformation model of knitted fabrics.
¿Agua para todos?Differences in Access to Clean Water and a Bathroom at Home by Ethno-Racial Characteristics in Contemporary Peru
Authors: Paredes Cristian L. , Woolley Kyle
Published: August 2022

Access to clean water and adequate sanitation at home are basic needs that have a significant impact on many dimensions of well-being. But such access is still scarce and starkly unequal for a great share of the global population, especially for those at greater disadvantage. In this study, we examine (using survey data) whether there are differences in access to clean water and a bathroom at home in Peru by ethno-racial self-identification, skin color, and indigenous first language. We find that individuals with darker skin, individuals who self-identify as indigenous as opposed to white, and individuals whose first language is an indigenous language have lesser access to these basic needs. These differences are useful to problematize the inefficient neoliberal management of water and sanitation in Peru, and the indifference of the state and the public sphere to discrimination against indigenous populations and Afro-descendants.
CDK9 and PP2A regulate RNA polymerase II transcription termination and coupled RNA maturation
Authors: Tellier Michael , Zaborowska Justyna , Neve Jonathan , Nojima Takayuki , Hester Svenja , Fournier Marjorie , Furger Andre , Murphy Shona
Published: August 2022

CDK9 is a kinase critical for the productive transcription of protein‐coding genes by RNA polymerase II (pol II). As part of P‐TEFb, CDK9 phosphorylates the carboxyl‐terminal domain (CTD) of pol II and elongation factors, which allows pol II to elongate past the early elongation checkpoint (EEC) encountered soon after initiation. We show that, in addition to halting pol II at the EEC, loss of CDK9 activity causes premature termination of transcription across the last exon, loss of polyadenylation factors from chromatin, and loss of polyadenylation of nascent transcripts. Inhibition of the phosphatase PP2A abrogates the premature termination and loss of polyadenylation caused by CDK9 inhibition, indicating that this kinase/phosphatase pair regulates transcription elongation and RNA processing at the end of protein‐coding genes. We also confirm the splicing factor SF3B1 as a target of CDK9 and show that SF3B1 in complex with polyadenylation factors is lost from chromatin after CDK9 inhibition. These results emphasize the important roles that CDK9 plays in coupling transcription elongation and termination to RNA maturation downstream of the EEC.
Contrastive Rhetorical Analysis of Business Undergraduates’ Sales Email Structure
Authors: Ismail Shauki Nur Baiti , Sarjit Singh Manvender Kaur , Md Zulkifle Nor Fazura
Published: August 2022

Understanding the differences in communication styles is becoming increasingly important in business communication as more companies expand their operations to include local and international operations. The purpose of this article is to compare the structural moves employed in the Singaporean and Malaysian promotional genres from the standpoint of moves analysis and comparison. Argument arises on the similarity and dissimilarity of business discourses involving the features of genres between these two neighbouring countries. As a result, a structural linguistics analysis was conducted in order to investigate the variations in communicative purposes as well as the lexical frequency of the sales emails that were written. The comparison between Singaporean sales promotional letter and Malaysian sales emails moves is based on Bhatia's (1993) Singaporean sales promotional letter moves. According to Bhatia's sales letter framework, there are seven moves, whereas in this study, seven moves were identified in Sales Inquiry Emails and nine moves were identified in Sales Reply Emails. Furthermore, Bhatia (1993) classified the moves into two categories: those that were required and those that were optional, based on their frequency of appearance in the text. In terms of communicative patterns, the similarities and differences between the two texts and their respective contexts were discovered. The difference between Singaporean and Malaysian languages, for example, can be explained by the fact that the distribution and sequence of moves differ between the two languages.
Enzymatic Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass: An Overview
Authors: Mustafa A. H. , Rashid S. S. , Rahim M. H. A. , Roslan R. , Musa W. A. M. , Sikder B. H. , Sasi A. A.
Published: August 2022

Lignocellulosic biomass is nature's most abundant alternative source of biofuels replacing traditional fossil fuels. Globally, more than 70% of renewable energy depends on biomass and contributes 14% of the total energy supply. The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is to remove lignin, modify the lignin structure, reduce the cellulose crystallinity and increase the porosity and surface area of lignocellulosic material. The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most expensive steps for biomass conversion and consumes about 40% of total costs. Traditionally physical and chemical methods have been used for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. However, these methods are unsustainable and have a huge negative impact on the environment. Pretreatment by the lignocellulosic laccase enzyme can overcome these problems. So the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass has been studied, presenting special attention to the enzymatic pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.
Immobilization of Candida Rugosa Lipase on the Glutaraldehyde-Activated Chitosan Beads
Authors: Gonawan Fadzil Noor , Romli M. M. , Zuhan M. K. N. M. , Jaya M. A. T.
Published: August 2022

An immobilized enzyme is a biocatalyst that speeds up the conversion of a chemical reaction. The application of enzymes for chemical synthesis is an effort toward a responsible production initiative to ensure the sustainability of chemical synthesis. Therefore, in the present work, Candida rugosa lipase was immobilized onto glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan beads through covalent bond linkages. Chitosan is biodegradable and contains amine groups, which serve as bases for lipase binding via cross-linking with bifunctional cross-linkers like glutaraldehyde. The immobilization of lipase on the chitosan beads was confirmed by determining lipase activity through the hydrolysis of a standard substrate. The effect of lipase and glutaraldehyde concentrations on the immobilization and activity yield was investigated. In general, lipase and glutaraldehyde concentrations have a significant effect on immobilization and activity yield. The interaction between the investigated parameters is significant toward the activity yield rather than the immobilization yield. The optimized immobilization procedures give lipase activity up to 46 IU by using 0.013 g/mL lipase and 2 %/v/v glutaraldehyde. It was found that the immobilized enzyme was rather stable and could be recycled 7 times. Therefore, immobilization of lipase onto glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan support is feasible.
O juízo divino em Ezequiel 9:1-11 e seus paralelos com o Dia da Expiação
Authors: Neto Eduardo Rueda
Published: August 2022

A visão narrada em Ezequiel 9:1-11 é uma das mais representativas das várias que compõem o livro. Apresenta um quadro de juízo em que Deus ordena a destruição dos ímpios e a preservação dos penitentes, tendo como cenário o santuário ou templo de Jerusalém. Este artigo analisa essa visão a partir de sua relação com os temas santuário e juízo, dominantes no trecho em foco e em toda a obra ezequiana. Explora também os vínculos dessa narrativa simbólica com a cerimônia do Dia da Expiação (Yom Kippur), prescrita e detalhada em Levítico 16:1-34 e 23:26-32. Conclui, por fim, que a imagem do santuário/templo desempenha um papel de importância central em Ezequiel e na visão do capítulo 9, associada a um juízo de natureza tipológica e escatológica que prenuncia o Juízo Final. Além disso, identifica paralelos esclarecedores com o Dia da Expiação, os quais ampliam o horizonte interpretativo da perícope e possibilita um interessante diálogo com outras passagens das Escrituras.
Comparing the loss of life expectancy at birth during the 2020 and 1918 pandemics in six European countries
Authors: Rousson Valentin , Paccaud Fred , Locatelli Isabella
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic that reached Europe in 2020 has often been compared to the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. In this article, we compare the two pandemics in terms of their respective impacts on the loss of life expectancy at birth in six European countries (France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland) by estimating life expectancy in 2020 using Eurostat data. We found that the loss of life expectancy at birth was up to 20 times larger between 1917 and 1918 than between 2019 and 2020. A decomposition of these losses clearly shows that in all six countries, the main contributors were older age groups in 2020 and younger age groups in 1918. These observations are consistent with evidence indicating that most COVID-19 fatalities were among the elderly, while a majority of Spanish flu fatalities were among the young.
Changing attitudes to psychedelic drug assisted therapy: The induction of empathy to enhance community support for innovative interventions in mental health
Authors: Botansky Corey , Innes John M.
Published: August 2022

Empirical research supports the use of psychoactive drugs to augment psychotherapy for the treatment of mental illness. The use of such drugs, however, is still resisted by many in the medical community and this transfers to resistance in the wider community. The stigma of controversy surrounding the drugs, further enhanced by the stigma of mental illness, hinders community acceptance. We report an experiment to change community attitudes to endorse the benefits of such practice. Participants were given information about a client with post-traumatic stress disorder, with accompanying stigma of mental illness, or a physical condition (Parkinson's disease) with comorbid psychological symptoms, but without stigma. They received information about the diagnosis and the value of psychoactive drugs in the enhancement of therapy or this information with a manipulation to induce empathy. Analysis revealed higher empathy for the PTSD than for the Parkinson's patient. The elevation of empathy was further enhanced by the empathy manipulation. While there was higher agreement that PTSD clients were responsible for their own condition, there was a greater willingness to help, and this was further increased by empathy. Such conditions should be considered to encourage the general community to accept enhanced therapy for patients that can enhance endorsement by medical practitioners.
Studi Eksplorasi Pembelajaran Pendidikan IPA Saat Masa Pandemi COVID-19 Di UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Authors: Rachmawati Yuanita , Ma'arif Muhammad , Fadhillah Ninik , Inayah Nailil , Ummah Khoirotul , Siregar Muh. Nuh Fathsyah , Amalyaningsih Rela , Aftannailah Fahira , Auliyah Aisyatul
Published: August 2022

Pandemi COVID-19 telah merubah tatanan hidup sebagian besar penduduk dunia, termasuk dalam dunia Pendidikan. Problematika pun muncul satu persatu sejalan dengan peralihan metode pembelajaran Universitas secara offline/tatap muka ke online/melalui jaringan internet. Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam juga memiliki masalah yang rumit saat materi yang seharusnya disampaikan dengan penuh perhatian pada pemodelan dan praktikum, harus di switch dengan metode tanpa tatap muka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi apa saja yang dirasakan mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring ini dilakukan. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dilakukan pada 40 responden mahasiswa Pendidikan IPA Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada aspek Kelancaran Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran 52,5% mahasiswa berpendapat Jumlah Pertemuan dan Kesesuaian Materi dengan Silabus Baik, sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. 37,5% Sistem Perkuliahan yang menggunakan Platform Daring atau Online berjalan baik namun 30% berpendapat tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Cara Penyampaian Dosen cukup sesuai dengan yang diharapkan berkaitan dengan penguasaan materi dan penguasaan penggunaan Platform Online oleh dosen, aspek ini mendapatkan penilaian 52,5% dari mahasiswa. Penugasan selama pembelajaran online ini dilakukan dirasa cukup memberatkan mahasiswa terbukti pada 30% mahasiwa menyatakan aspek ini tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Sementara aspek paling memberatkan dilakukan pembelajaran online salama pandemi COVID-19 ini adalah masalah jaringan yang berkaitan dengan Sinyal dan Kuota Paket Data. 40% mahasiswa meyatakan bahwa aspek ini dirasa tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan dan memberatkan. Whats App Group adalah Platform Online yang paling diminati mahasiswa, sementara Zoom bukan menjadi pilihan prioritas.
Improving Student Understanding on Theme 1 of Human and Environmental Subthemes Through Talking Stick Method Class V-B MI Wachid Hasjim Sidoarjo
Authors: Khusnah Miftakhul
Published: August 2022

This research is motivated by the low level of understanding of VB grade students on Theme 1 of the Human Subtheme and the material environment about human motion organs. One reason is that learning on this theme, teachers use less varied methods. The number of students whose grades reached KKM 75 on the thematic material is only 25% of the total number of students. The alternative method chosen to overcome this problem is to use the talking stick method. The purpose of this study are: 1) to find out the application of the talking stick method to improve students' understanding of Theme 1 of the Human Subtheme and the classroom environment of MI Wachid Hasjim Sidoarjo. 2) Find out the increase in students' understanding of Theme 1 Subtheme of humans and the environment after the application of the talking stick method in VB MI Wachid Hasjim Sidoarjo class. The research method used in this study is the classroom action research (CAR) method using the Kurt Lewin model. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observation, documentation, and tests. The results showed that: 1) the application of the talking stick method can be implemented well as evidenced by the results of the observation of teacher activity increased from a value of 79.3 (enough) in the first cycle increased to 91.4 (very good) in the second cycle. The results of observation of student activities get a final value of 78.8 (enough) in the first cycle increased to 94 (very good) in the second cycle. 2) The increase in students' understanding after applying the talking stick method increased from 25% of students who completed the pre-cycle, in the first cycle increased to 57.5% (enough) and in the second cycle increased to 80% (good).