bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development, penetrance, and seed vigour of multi-ovary wheat and its application in hybrid breeding
Authors: Guo Jialin , Zhang Gaisheng , Song Yulong , Ma Shoucai , Niu Na , Wang Junwei
Published: October 2019

Multi-ovary wheat is a unique variety of wheat that has one to three pistils and three stamens, and can stably set one to three grains in each floret. By observing the developmental process of additional pistils, we found that the additional pistil was derived from a protrusion generated at the base of the main pistil, between the frontal stamen and lateral stamen. The additional pistil’s development was greatly delayed compared with the main pistil at an early stage. However, after the awn exposed stage, it developed very rapidly to a mature pistil within the maturity time of the main pistil. Generally, the grains originating from additional pistils were smaller than the grains from the main pistil. By studying the penetrance and germination conditions of multi-ovary wheat, we found that no matter which ovary the grains originated from, they had the same penetrance. However, the germination ability of grains generated from the main pistil was significantly higher than that of grains from additional pistils. Our results showed that multi-ovary wheat was an excellent variety, not only for studying the mechanisms of the multi-ovary trait and floral development in wheat, but also for improving the propagation coefficient and promoting the progress of wheat breeding. This paper lays a theoretical foundation for the practical application of multi-ovary trait in hybrid wheat; our results could be implemented in fostering future breeding activities focussed on the development of high yield wheat cultivars.
A novel approach of decoding EEG four-class motor imagery tasks via scout ESI and CNN
Authors: Hou Yimin , Zhou Lu , Jia Shuyue , Lun Xiangmin
Published: October 2019

Objective. To develop and implement a novel approach which combines the technique of scout EEG source imaging (ESI) with convolutional neural network (CNN) for the classification of motor imagery (MI) tasks. Approach. The technique of ESI uses a boundary element method (BEM) and weighted minimum norm estimation (WMNE) to solve the EEG forward and inverse problems, respectively. Ten scouts are then created within the motor cortex to select the region of interest (ROI). We extract features from the time series of scouts using a Morlet wavelet approach. Lastly, CNN is employed for classifying MI tasks. Main results. The overall mean accuracy on the Physionet database reaches 94.5% and the individual accuracy of each task reaches 95.3%, 93.3%, 93.6%, 96% for the left fist, right fist, both fists and both feet, correspondingly, validated using ten-fold cross validation. We report an increase of up to 14.4% for overall classification compared with the competitive results from the state-of-the-art MI classification methods. Then, we add four new subjects to verify the validity of the method and the overall mean accuracy is 92.5%. Furthermore, the global classifier was adapted to single subjects improving the overall mean accuracy to 94.54%. Significance. The combination of scout ESI and CNN enhances BCI performance of decoding EEG four-class MI tasks.
Connecting research infrastructures, scientific and sectorial networks to support integrated management of Mediterranean coastal and rural areas
Authors: Martínez-López Javier , Bergillos Rafael J , Bonet Francisco J , de Vente Joris
Published: October 2019

Many Mediterranean coastal areas encounter similar problems and gaps between science, governance, and implementation of sustainable management at local-regional scales. There is often a lack of coordination between management of inland and coastal areas, and a lack of integrated land-sea data and knowledge exchange to support transitions towards sustainable development and synergies between rural and coastal areas. In this paper, we illustrate the main challenges to reach a sustainable development of coastal-rural areas related to data availability, knowledge exchange and governance, which could be tackled by coupling regional and international research infrastructures (RIs) with scientific and stakeholder collaboration networks to facilitate knowledge exchange and co-creation of solutions. We first identified the main challenges in sustainable development of coastal-rural areas followed by a review of major existing RIs, scientific knowledge and collaboration networks that can help support integrated management of Mediterranean coastal zones. Based on this, we developed recommendations for a better integration of RIs and collaboration networks in the management of coastal-rural areas, including (1) the creation of local networks to facilitate periodical meetings between all sectors involved and to connect science and policy actors and (2) setting up local RIs that support the data processing and the use of regional and international RIs by scientists and policy stakeholders.
Projected increase in the spatial extent of contiguous US summer heat waves and associated attributes
Authors: Lyon Bradfield , Barnston Anthony G , Coffel Ethan , Horton Radley M
Published: October 2019

The frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves are all expected to increase as the climate warms in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. The focus of this study is on another dimension of heat waves, their spatial extent, something that has not been studied systematically by researchers but has important implications for associated impacts. Of particular interest are spatially contiguous heat wave regions, examined here over the conterminous US for the May–September season in both the current climate and climate model projections from the CMIP5 archive (11 models total) using the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 radiative forcing scenarios. Given their myriad impacts, heat waves are defined using multiple temperature variables, one which includes atmospheric moisture. In addition to their spatial extent, several other physical attributes are computed across contiguous heat wave regions, including a proxy for energy use. An estimate of the human population exposed to current and future heat waves is also evaluated. We find that historical climate model simulations, in aggregate, show good fidelity in capturing key characteristics of heat waves in the current climate while projections show a substantial increase in spatial extent and other attributes by mid-century under both scenarios, though generally less for RCP4.5, as expected. Overall, the study presents a framework for examining the behavior, and associated impacts, of a frequently overlooked aspect of heat waves. The projected increases in the spatial extent and other attributes of heat waves reported here provides a new perspective on some of the potential consequences of the continued increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.
Systematic Literature Review on Evaluation of Quality Management Practices in Palm Oil Supply Chain: The Case of Upstream
Authors: Ghani MFSA , Zahid-Muhamad M , Aziz MFA , Syahlan S
Published: October 2019

Malaysia and Indonesia are classified among the world’s leading producers and exporters of palm oil. In previous findings, the palm oil industry is linked together from upstream to downstream and consists of four sub-sectors which are growers, millers, refiners, and oleo chemicals. There are various quality management practices that are currently being implemented in palm oil industry. This research attempts to identify the current quality management practices in palm oil upstream supply chain and to develop an instrument to produce quality palm oil in upstream sector. This paper presents a systematic review on quality management practices in upstream sector and the final selection comprehends 32 articles selected and comprehensively analyzed to assess quality management practices in upstream processes of palm oil supply chain. This study adds value to the current knowledge by extending organizational readiness theories. This study is relevant, practical, and useful to both practitioners and academics by providing a holistic implementation roadmap for the upstream chain to guide the managers to implement quality management practices at the organisational level.
Export Analysis of Major Commodities in Malaysia
Authors: Ismail N A , Talib B A , Mokhtar A
Published: October 2019

This study aims to investigate the factors associated with the commodity export demand and to explore and quantify the contribution of the commodity export to economic growth. The technique of (VECM) Vector Error Correction is applied to estimate the export and economic growth model. It tests whether there has been a long-run relationship between commodity export volume and exogenous variables such as own price, substitute price, exchange rate, world population and industrial production index. The results indicated that there is a long run relationship among variables. The result suggests that exchange rate have a negative impact to the palm oil, rubber and tin where depreciation may reduce export of these commodities. The findings of the research also show that the commodities export has mixed effect on economic growth in Malaysia. Export of petroleum, palm oil and sawlog has a positive and significant relationship with economic growth in the long run while only petroleum and palm oil contributed to the economic growth in the short run. The evidence of impulse response function shows that exchange rate and FDI shock have a relatively higher significant impact on all exports of major commodities and economic growth respectively. This study implies that export of major commodities in Malaysia should be treated as an engine of growth. The effective management of exchange rate and export promotion policies can play a significant role in increasing commodity exports thus will improve Malaysia economic growth.
Landslide Susceptibility of Agricultural Area in Lembah Gumanti, Solok - West Sumatra Province
Authors: Arlius F , Berd I , Sadewo R M
Published: October 2019

One of the factors that threaten food resilience in Indonesia is the natural disasters such as landslides. Cultivation of agricultural crops in hilly terrain with fairly steep slopes and high rainfall without regard to land conservation and good farmland cultivation practices will result in landslide disaster that could damage the irrigation and agricultural land. Soil movement is a consequence of natural dynamic phenomenon to reach new condition due to disturbance of balance in environment, either by natural or by human activity. Movement of the ground will occur on a slope, if there is a state of imbalance that causes the occurrence of a mechanical process, resulting in a part of the slope moving according to the force of gravity. The process of ground motion involves complex interactions between geological, geomorphological, hydrological, rainfall and landuse aspects. A research about landslide susceptibility of agricultural area has been conducted in Lembah Gumanti, Solok, West Sumatra Province. The research show that from the total area of 24,294 ha, high vulnerability zone is about 903 ha (4%), medium vulnerability zone is 6,913 ha (28%), and low vulnerability zone 16,478 ha (68%). Landslide vulnerability in agriculture area potentially arise on dry land farming (525 ha), paddy field (3 ha) and mixed garden (375 ha).
Non-destructive Evaluation of Fat Content of Coffee Beans Solok Radjo Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Yuwita F , Ifmalinda  , Makky M
Published: October 2019

Prediction fat of coffee beans in West Sumatra is still done manually by chemical methods, time-consuming, and costly. With the development of food technology, the estimation of the content of the beans to do with how quickly and efficiently using NIRS technology. NIRS can analyze the chemical content of foodstuffs nondestructive. This study uses Arabica beans Solok Radjo two maturity levels are 4 (ripe) and 5 (over ripe), 30 samples with weight of samples 6 grams. NIRS instrument used is the science and technology FT-IR-1516 with a wavelength of 1000-2500 nm. Fat tests conducted in the laboratory Instrumentation Technology Center for Agriculture. In this study, the data spectral coffee beans processed using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) after correlated with fat content processed by the method of PLS (Partial Least Square). The prediction results of calibration best fat obtained r = 0.999, R2 = 0.999, SEC = 0.008%, and RMSEC = 0.008%, validating the value of r = 0.998, R2 = 0.999, SEP = 0.009%, and RMSEP = 0.008%, of the model fat coffee beans can be identified by non-destructive evaluation using spectral analysis.
Individual Effect of UV-C Radiation and Hot Water Treatment on Harvested Quality of Chili
Authors: Fahmy K , Chatib O C , Cherie D , Maulida P , Sirtin A A , Susanto N , Nofiarli  , Violalita F , Nakano K , Jitareerat P
Published: October 2019

The aim of study was to determine the individual effect of UV-C radiation and Hot Water Treatments (HWT) in preserving quality of chili packed in Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) under ambiet temperature storage. Chili was radiated by UV-C for 15 min and for 20 min, with HWT at 45 °C for 15 min and at 53 °C for 4 min, and untreated as control. After treatments, all fruits were packaged and stored at room temperature (25 °C) for 1 month. The results that untreated chilli could be stored for 7 days, treated chilli with UV-C 15 min and HWT at 45 °C for 15 min could be stored for 14 days, while chilli treated with UV-C for 20 min and HWT at 53 °C for 4 min could be stored for 17 days. Among all treatments, chili treated with UV-C for 20 min suppressed the disease severity dan maintained the harvested quality of chilli. This study suggests that combination UV-C irradiated with HWT under low temperature might be extended the shelf life of chilli.
Genetic Diversity Based on RAPD Marker of Ramie Plants (Boehmeria nivea [L.] Gaud) In West Sumatera
Authors: Mayerni R , Yusniwati  , Yulfa D , Chan S R O S
Published: October 2019

This research has been conducted at the Experimental Farm of Agricultural Faculty of Andalas University, two districts in West Sumatera (Lima Puluh Kota and Agam) and the Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Agricultural Faculty, Bogor. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of the ramie plants collection Experimental Farm, Agricultural Faculty of Andalas University and exploration at two districts in West Sumatera. This research was conducted by molecular characterization, using RAPD markers (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) with 5 primers (OPF 4, OPF5, OPH7, OPX2, and OPX 17). The samples used were 4 clones of ramie plants (Padang 3, Ramindo, Matur and Situjuah) with 3 replications. Fragments were sized with reference to the size markers and scored (present/absent). The similarity coefficients calculated and dendograms produced using NTSYS software (version 2.02). From the results of the study the results of the similarity level coefficient were 0.56-0.78, and formed 2 large groups (I, II). M1 and M2 clones are in group I, while in groups II (IIa and IIb). Group IIa (R1, R2, R3, P3, M1) and Group IIb (S1, S2, S3, P1).
Prediction Carbohydrate Content of Sweet Passion Fruit Seeds (140 Days After Flowering) Using NIR Spectra with Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Daulay D P , Andasuryani  , Fahmy K , Viyona M
Published: October 2019

This study purposed to develop estimation methods using NIR spectroscopy in determining carbohydrate content of sweet passion fruit seeds at the level maturity at 140 days after flowering and developing an NIR calibration model using an ANN (Neural Network) chemo metric technique. The research method used several stages, labeling the material preparation stage, the measurement stage using NIR, the chemical analysis stage and the data processing stage with artificial neural networks. At the reflectance input the highest R-Total value which the number of neurons in the hidden layer is 7 (R-Total is 0.870) and R-SNV pretreatment as the input of the highest R-Total value is found in the number of neurons with hidden layers which is 9 (R- Total is 0.949). Based on these results the development model is suitable as a predictive value, this can be seen from the regression value approaching 1.
Utilization of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) To Predict Fat Passion Fruit Seed Content (Passiflora ligularis) Based On NIR-S Value
Authors: Viyona M , Andasuryani  , Putri R E , Daulay D P
Published: October 2019

The research was conducted in July-October 2018 at the Laboratory of Food Processing Techniques for Agriculture, Center Instrumentation and AMGIS Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, Andalas University, Padang. Using the experimental method between wavelength data and fat chemical data of passion fruit seeds. PC utilization as a grouping of data and input data on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). ANN uses the matlab R2015a application with the TRAINLM training method, Dividerand as a grouping of data and performance based on Mean Squared Error (MSE). Random use of data for set train, set test and set validation. The data set is 70% of the total data, 15% of the other data is used for the set test model, the rest is used for testing the model through a set of validations of 15% of the total sample. The number of samples used was 180 samples. The best value from PC treatment is PC 6 in both original data and SNV. The best value of neuron treatment is on 5 PC 6 neurons in both original data and SNV. The correlation value resulting from the estimation model of passion fruit seed content is 0.85958 with a very strong level of relationship between predictive fat content and laboratory fat content. The best value for validation of MSE on PC 6 neurons 5 with SNV data is 0.95881.
The Influence of Preliminary Treatment on Cassava (Manihot utilissima) on the Quality of Analog Rice Produced
Authors: Harni M , Putri S K , Violalita F , Evawati  , Tazar N
Published: October 2019

The research of analog rice cassava has been conducted in the Laboratory of Food Processing Agricultural Polytechnic State of Payakumbuh, and the Laboratory of Agricultural Technology Andalas University, Padang. Research conducted with the aim to search for materials that can shorten the fermentation time of cassava which is usually by natural fermentation, so as to produce analog rice with the best quality. The design used in this research is Complete Random Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. One treatment as a control is cassava that is soaked naturally and 4 treatments with the addition of material in the form of curd, yeast of bread, yeast of tempe and yeast of tape. Advanced test carried out by means Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) on the real level of 5%. Based on the research that has been done the treatment chosen is the treatment with the addition of bread yeast in fermentation (C). The results of the chemical test of analog rice with the treatment of the addition of bread yeast (C) are: water content 13,42%, ash content of 0,75%, a protein content of 1,30%, a fat content of 4,53% and starch content 70,25%.
POME: An Alternative Nutrient Source for Bio-Organic Plant Tissue Culture Media
Authors: Nadirah M N A , Awal A , Azma Y N , Sulaiman A
Published: October 2019

One of the methods in sustainable agriculture is transforming crop wastes into beneficial products such as bio-fertilizer, which will improve the soil fertility, preserving the natural sources, and cost-effective practices. Currently, these practices also need to be applied in plant tissue culture technology to enhance an eco-friendly and sustainable resources which are abundant and locally available. To date, the new bio-organic media derived from different types of agricultural wastes, especially from fruit wastes were successfully established. The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of agricultural waste, i.e. Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) through a natural fermentation process as a potential nutrient source to substitute the existing standard and synthetic plant tissue culture media (PTC) such as Murashige and Skoog’s (1962) (MS) Medium, Woody Plant Medium (WPM), N6 (Chu) Medium and Gamborg’s (B-5) Medium, available in the market. 100 mL (v/v) POME solution was added with 100 mL (v/v) molasses and then were fermented naturally for 4 weeks in dark condition at room temperature. The results showed that the nutritional value of the fermented POME solution was higher than the synthetic MS basal salt medium. The new POME PTC medium was successfully formulated as a new bio-plant tissue culture media for in vitro regeneration of Musa acuminata.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Bromochalcones Derivatives
Authors: E Susanti V H , Setyowati W A E
Published: October 2019

Chalcones are considered to be precursors of flavonoids and have variety of biological activities. Three of bromochalcones derivatives were synthesized by a green chemistry approach using grinding technique and their structure also confirmed. Synthesis of bromochalcone, 4′-bromo-4-methoxychalcone, 4′-bromo-3, 4-dimethoxychalcone, 4′-bromo-3, 4, 5-trimethoxychalcone were carried out using starting material of 4-bromoacetophenone through Claisen-Schmidt base catalyzed condensation. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The mass spectra of the compounds were showed corresponding molecular ion peak which was correlated with their molecular weight of that respected compound (4′-bromo-4-methoxychalcone = 317, 4′-bromo-3, 4-dimethoxychalcone = 347, 4′-bromo-3, 4, 5-trimethoxychalcone = 377).
Synthesis and characterization complex Cobalt(II) with sulfadiazine
Authors: Widowati M K , Rahardjo S B , Hastuti S , Ariyani B F
Published: October 2019

Complex of cobalt(II) with sulfadiazine has been synthesized in a ratio 6: 1 metal to ligand in methanol. The formation of a complex was characterized by a shift in the maximum wavelength (λmax) to the smaller wavelength (527 nm to 515 nm) which shows transitions 4T1g(F) → 4A2g dan 4T1g(F) → 4T1g (P). The percentage of cobalt in the complex measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) showed the complex formula was Co(Sulfadiazine)3(NO3)2.(H2O)n (n = 2, 3, 4). The conductivity measurement indicated that the complex is 2 to 1 electrolyte. Thermal analysis with Differential Thermal Analyzer (DTA) indicates the presence of H2O in the complex. The formula of the complex was estimated as [Co(Sulfadiazine)3(H2O)3](NO3)2.H2O. The complex was paramagnetic with μeff = 4.59 – 4.97 BM in high spin state. Infrared spectra show a shift in the absorption of primary NH2 functional groups indicating that the functional group was coordinated to the central Co2+ atom monodentically. The geometry of the complex was probably octahedral.
Structure and Morphology of The (Ni, Co) Mo/Indonesian Natural Zeolite
Authors: Ichsan G M H A , Nugrahaningtyas K D , Widjonarko D M , Rahmawati F
Published: October 2019

The NiMo/Indonesian natural zeolite (NiMo/ZA) and CoMo/ZA catalysts are produced through the impregnation methods. These catalysts were characterized by using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The XRF data show that the CoMo/ZA catalyst has a large amount of metal content more than NiMo/ZA. The FTIR spectra of catalyst show a shift of asymmetric stretching of TO4 group to a larger wavenumbers than the FTIR spectra of ZA. Meanwhile, the metal phase in the CoMo/ZA catalyst is CoO and MoO3, and the metal phase in the NiMo/ZA catalyst is NiO and MoO3.
Synthesis and characterization of vanadium doped Bi4Ti3O12 as photocatalyst material
Authors: Handayani R , Safitri W N , Aini N , Hardian A , Prasetyo A
Published: October 2019

One of interesting properties of Bi4Ti3O12 is photocatalyst. The band gap of Bi4Ti3O12 is 2.9 eV as results only work at ultraviolet wavelength range. Metal doped to Bi4Ti3O12 can reduce band gap energy. In this work, Bi4Ti3O12 was doped vanadium (Bi4Ti3-x
V
x
O12 with x= 0.05; 0.1; 0.15; 0.2) using solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction data show that Bi4Ti3-x
V
x
O12 (x= 0.05; 0.1; 0.15; 0.2) were successfully formed with space group B2cb, however there is small impurities of VO2 phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the particle of all obtained Bi4Ti3-x
VxO12 (x= 0.05; 0.1; 0.15; 0.2) have shape platelet-like. Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy data showed that the energy band gap of Bi4Ti3-x
V
x
O12 decreased by increasing vanadium dopant.
The effectiveness of the activated carbon from coconut shell and corn cob to adsorb Pb(II) ion and it’s analysis using solid-phase spectrophotometry
Authors: Saputro S , Mahardiani L , Masykuri M , Jazuli A Z
Published: October 2019

This research aimed to know the mass ratio of adsorbent combination of activated carbon from coconut shell and corn cob to adsorb Pb(II) ion and it’s analysis using the solid-phase spectrophotometry (SPS). The technique of data collection is carried out by several stages, which are: (1) the production of carbonated coconut shell and corn cob using muffle furnace at a temperature of 350 °C for 60 minutes; (2) the activation of the coconut shell carbon using ZnCl2 15% activator and the corn cob carbon using HCl 1M, (3) contacting this adsorbent combination between activated carbon from coconut shell and corn cob for 20 mL of liquid simulations waste Pb(II) ion on variations ratio of 1:0; 0:1; 1:1; 2:1; 1:2; (4) the analysis levels of Pb(II) using SPS; (5) the characterization of adsorbents in the most optimum combination between activated carbon of coconut shell and corn cob using FTIR. The results showed that the adsorbent can increase the capabilities and the effectiveness of the absorption to Pb(II) ion and the optimum ratio from the comparison between coconut shell and corn cob is 1:2 with the absorption ability to adsorb Pb(II) ion in the simulations waste is 86.78%. SPS is an effective method with high sensitivity in the level of μg/L and the limit of detection (LoD) of 0.06 μg/L.
Influence of magnetic and electric field on I-V characteristic of the G4 DNA molecule
Authors: Apriyanti L , Yudiarsah E
Published: October 2019

The I-V characteristics of G4 DNA molecule in applied magnetic and electric fields has been calculated. We use DNA molecule in the form of stacked of 32 guanine quadruplex (G4) structures. The DNA molecule is contacted to the metallic electrode at both ends. The system under investigation is modeled using tight-binding Hamiltonian approach. Magnetic and electric field affects electron hopping constant following Peirels Phase Factor and Miller-Abraham, respectively. The result shows slight current increment with the magnetic field and current increment with electric fields after certain voltage value.
A control of TiO2 nanostructures by hydrothermal condition and their application: a short review
Authors: Hidayat R , Fadillah G , Wahyuningsih S
Published: October 2019

TiO2 (titanium dioxide) is an inorganic material that has many uses in various fields such as environment, sensor devices and solar energy conversion. Various method approaches have been developed for the synthesis of nanostructured TiO2, but the hydrothermal method is still considered the most effective method and provides many advantages in nanostructure formation because the methods can be controlled. In the present study, we will discuss the formation of TiO2 with various conditions on hydrothermal methods in TiO2 nanostructure formation. Generally, TiO2 nanoparticles can be obtained by hydrothermal methods. TiO2 precursors, pH, reaction time and also temperature are factors that influence the formation of TiO2 structures. The methods are commonly used because hydrothermal methods can easily control conditions to obtain a homogenous structure. The difference of TiO2 structure is very influential in its properties and activity performance.
One Pot and Sonically Assisted Synthesis of Fe3O4 and SiO2@Fe3O4
Authors: Saputra OA , Lestari WW , Wibowo FR
Published: October 2019

Magnetite (Fe3O4) and core-shell SiO2@Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized through a one pot assisted by sonication method. The products were morphologically, physically and chemically characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR). In this research, concentration of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), a precursor of SiO2, was varied by 1, 3 and 5 mmol in order to control the SiO2 shell thickness. The FTIR measurements showed that the increasing of TEOS concentration was parallel with the increasing of Si-O stretching vibration peak intensity revealing an enlargement of SiO2 shell thickness. It was proved by morphological study where the addition of 1 mmol of TEOS has approximately 2 nm of shell thickness while by using 5 mmol was ∼10 nm of shell thickness. Magnetite nanoparticle has 80.43 m2 g-1 of BET surface area but dramatically decreased to 55.74 m2 g-1 after incorporating of SiO2 (TEOS 5 mmol) caused by the presence of CTAB in pore channel.
Antipyretic properties of carica (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) fruit and seeds ethanolic extract in experimental animals
Authors: Sasongko H , Widiasih P , Putri N L
Published: October 2019

Fever is the condition of body temperature which more than usual caused by an increase of central control temperature in the hypothalamus. An infection or virus usually cause this condition. Some of the active substances of plant secondary metabolites had been researched lower fever; they were flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Carica (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC) or mountain papaya is one of the fruits that had the compounds. This research purposed to know the antipyretic effect of ethanolic extracts of carica fruits and seeds towards Wistar rats. The study used pre-test – post-test only controls group design. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into six groups on each extract sample. Normal group was not given any treatment, negative control was given 2.5 mL aquadest, positive control was given acetaminophen syrup with the dosage 1.5 mL/kg body weight (b.w), and the dosages of carica fruit and seeds ethanolic extracts (EECF/EECS), there were 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg b.w. The rats were s.c induced fever with 20 mL/kg b.w 20% yeast suspension. Temperature measurement was performed every 30 minutes for 6 hours. Data processed using One Way ANOVA. The results showed that ethanolic extracts of carica fruits and seeds with a dosage of 800 mg/kg b.w were able to lower the temperature significantly (p < 0.05) towards negative control in Wistar rats.
Antibacterial Activity of Natural Paper from Banana Peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) with Additive Essential Oils
Authors: Setyowati W A E , E Susanti V H
Published: October 2019

Several essential oils have been evaluated as antibacterial agent in the production of natural paper from banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Linn.), namely cinnamon, clove, lime and lemon oil. The purpose of the research was to examine the antibacterial activity of the papers with additive of those several essential oils againt Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Paper preparation was successfully carried out by alkalization method, using 4% NaOH at a temperature of 100 °C for 1 h. The essential oils as antibacterial agent were added with concentration 2.5% to the pulp (1:40). The antibacterial activities were tested using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. All of the paper produced meet the standard of ISO 6519:2016 about Basic Paper for Laminated Plastic Wrapping Paper within the parameter of pH and water content. The result of the research showed that all of the paper with essential oils additive has antibacterial activity againt S. aureus, but only paper with cinnamon oil additive that have antibacterial activity againts E. coli. The use of cinnamon oil gave the largest inhibition zone diameter both on S. aureus and E. coli. Paper with cinnamon oil additive had inhibition zone diameter 18 mm on S. aureus (strong category) and 9 mm on E. coli (medium category).
Optimation Formula of SNEDDS Dosage from Ethanol Extract of Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) With Waste Oil of Eel (Anguilla spp.) as A Carrier
Authors: Rahayu N Y , Budiharjo A , Pangastuti A , Artanti A N , Prihapsara F , Harini M
Published: October 2019

Turmeric have a lot of advantages for us, usually for treatment a lot of desease, and it has efficiency as a drug. But turmeric extract have very low solubility and it cause minimal oral bioavailability. While nutrition of waste oil of Eel (Anguilla spp.) are higher than the other fish, because this waste oil have palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid that usefull for treatment some disease. So, in this research, turmeric extract made by Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) method with waste oil of Eel (Anguilla spp.) as a carrier to overcome solubility of turmeric extract. In this research, the turmeric was extracted with maceration method using ethanol as a solvent. This extracting showed high average rendemens are 6.62-8.19 %. Percentages of curcumin for this turmeric extract was calculated by TLC-densitometry, shows 2.99 % b/b. This extract had the optimization of the formulation of the composition of surfactant by Tween 80, cosurfactant by PEG 400, and waste oil of Eel (Anguilla spp.) as a oil carrier. After done some tests, include loading dose test on the selected optimal formulation, then we had determine that quality. It included by counting emulsification time, observations of the particle size, its distribution, and zeta potential of nanoemulsi using PSA. The results of SNEDDS optimal dosage was calculated by Design Expert 7 had a mass (gram) ratio of waste oil of Eel (Anguilla spp.):Tween 80 (surfactant): PEG 400 (cosurfactant) = 0.55 :4.10:0.35 added with loading dose 0.5 g of Turmeric extract in 5 g system of SNEDDS. The result had a transmittance value of 91.48-92.17 % with emulsification time less than 30 seconds and it classified type A (Sakhti et al, 2013). Particle size of the chosen SNEDDS nanoemulsion turmeric extract that calculated by PSA, shows 11.9 nm and with polydispersity index are 0.118 droplet and zeta potential of -11.8 mV.
Optimization of self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system with ethanolic extract of ginger (zingiber officinale) and eel bone oil (anguilla spp.) extracted by maceration as carrier
Authors: Wijayanti II , Budiharjo A , Pangastuti A , Prihapsara F , Artanti A N , Harini M
Published: October 2019

SNEDDS is a drug delivery method by mixing oil, surfactant, cosurfactant and drug that can form spontaneous nanoemulsion oil in water in the digestive tract and produce nanometer-sized droplet. Aim of this study was to get optimation for SNEDDS (Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) with ethanolic extract of ginger, eel fish bone oil extracted by maceration as carrier, tween 80 as surfactant and PEG 400 as cosurfactant that applicable as a nanoemulsion formula. Optimation formula was measured based on transmittance and emulsification time of mixture of eel fish oil, ginger extract, tween 80, and PEG 400 into 8 different compositions. The Transmittance values were measured using UV/VIS Spectrophotometric at 650 nm and emulsification times were measured using stopwatch by diluting 1 mL of SNEDDS into AGF (Artificial Gastric Fluid), aquadest, and aquabidest. The optimum SNEDDS formula was determined based on the optimization results using Design Expert 7 program with the independent variable was composition of tween 80 and composition of PEG 400 and the dependent variable was transmittance and emulsification time in AGF, aquadest, and aquabidest. Result of Design Expert 7 program optimization formula showed that SNEDDS of ginger extract will be optimized in 4.2 g of tween 80 as surfactant; 0.25 g of PEG 400 as a cosurfactant; 500 mg of ethanolic ginger extract and 0.55 g of maceration extract of eel fish bone oil with transmittance value was 92 ± 0.034 %; emulsification time in AGF was 10 second, in Aquadest was 10 second, and Aquabidest was 9 second. The result of Analysis of Variance indicated not significant differences between treatment groups and optimization by design expert 7 program ((P = 0.1359 (P>0.05)).
Solidification of meloxicam self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system formulation incorporated into soluble and insoluble carriers using freeze drying method
Authors: Kuncahyo I , Choiri S , Fudholi A
Published: October 2019

Solidification of liquid self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) formulation is required to enhance the feasibility and flexibility for further formulation processes. This study purposed to compare the soluble and insoluble carriers namely mannitol and fumed silica, respectively on the nano-emulsion formation and physical properties. The optimized SNEDDS formulation comprising of virgin olive oil, Tween 80, and PEG 400; and meloxicam was impregnated into solid carriers e.g. mannitol and fumed silica using a freeze-drying method. The physical mixture was carried out to compare the aforementioned method. Vibrational spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and morphological characteristic, droplet size and distribution, and drug release were performed to characterize the solid SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS). The result showed that crystallization of meloxicam did not observe in the S-SNEDDS formulations, which confirmed by the vibrational spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The morphological characteristic of S-SNEDDS was similar to the native carriers. The soluble carrier did not affect the formation of the nano-emulsion compared to the insoluble carrier. In addition, the S-SNEDDS enhanced the drug release of meloxicam up to 3-4 folds increment.
Renal Function Parameter on Acute Toxicity Test of Kapulaga (Amomum cardamom) Seed Extract in Rat
Authors: Yudhani R D , Pesik R N , Azzahro S , Anisa A F , Hendriyani R
Published: October 2019

Kapulaga (Amomum cardamom) is one of herb which is commonly used for spices or medicine, especially the seeds. Previous studies showed that the essential oil of cardamom have antimicrobial, antiinflamatory, analgesic and antispasmodic activities. There was also evidence that A.cardamom has antiartherogenic and antidiabetic activity in rat. Despite the medicinal benefits of A.cardamom, this herb is not yet standardize for herb medicine. For its standardization, A.cardamom has to pass the preclinical and clinical studies to ensure its efficacy and safety profile. The aims of this study was to examine the safety profile of A.cardamom seed extract based on renal parameter function (ureum and creatine levels). Acute toxicity test was conducted based on the OECD 420 Fixed Dose Prosedure guideline that consists of two test steps, preliminary and main tests. For preliminary test, initially with 300 mg/kg BW dose of A.cardamom seed extract, followed by 2000 mg/kg BW. The main test consists of control and treatment group and each group used 5 rats. The rats in both groups were given 2000 mg/kg BW in a single dose of A.cardamom seed extract. The ureum and cretainine levels were assessed at day 14th using an enzymatic-photometric method. The data were analyzed by independent sample test. The results revealed that the ureum and creatinine levels in control and treatment groups were not statistically different. The mean of ureum levels in the control and tretment groups were 47.24±6.18 and 43.98±6.78 (p=0.45) and the mean of creatinine levels were 0.43±0.04 and 0.36±0.12 (p=0.31) respectively. These results show that a high single dose of A.cardamom seed extract (2000 mg/kgBW) did not toxic in rat based on renal function parameters.
Optimatitation of mole ratio for synthesis reaction of Ketoprofen Eugenol Ester
Authors: Yugatama A , Ramelan A H , Novitasari E D W
Published: October 2019

Ketoprofen is a NSAID which often used, but has been shown to induce gastrointestinal irritation. The side-effect arises because of the presence of carboxylic acid groups. The carboxylic acid groups can be changed by estherification reaction between ketoprofen and eugenol using an acid catalyst. This study was purposed to find out the effect of mole ratio of ketoprofen : eugenol on the synthesis Ketoprofen Eugenol Ester (KEE). The mole ratio of ketoprofen : eugenol which used in the study were 1:3; 1:4; 1:5; 1:6; 1:7; 1:8. The synthesis was done by heating up ketoprofen, eugenol, and HCl as the catalyst. The results of synthesis were characterized using TLC, FTIR, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, and HPLC. Then, the data was analyzed statistically using One Way ANOVA (SPSS). The result of sample analysis using TLC showed the Rf value ±0.07. The FTIR analysis indicated that there were peak C=O ester and C-O ester. The highest yield value, absorbance of UV-Vis spectrophotometer and peak area of HPLC were found in the mole ratio 1:6. The One-Way ANOVA statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the variations of mole ratio which were used.
The pyrometallurgical recovery of zinc from electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) with active carbon
Authors: Sinaga G S T , Wismogroho A S , Fitroturokhmah A , Kusumaningrum R , Widayatno W B , Hadiko G , Amal M I
Published: October 2019

The reduction of minor impurities (e.g., Ferrite, Magnesium, Lead, Chromium) from Zinc rich-EAFD with active carbon addition was investigated at temperature between 900-1300 °C. The result was powder with higher zinc content which then analysed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with X-Ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) of EAFD and carbon mixture was conducted previously to grasp the temperature of thermic reaction of mixture. Recovery of 90wt% zinc from EAFD available was achieved up to 99.2wt% after the pyrometallurgy process at temperature 900 °C in atmosphere pressure while the extension of the time corresponds to the amount of recovered zinc dross.
Recycled Polypropylene/Kenaf Fiber/Halloysite (rPP/rNR/KF/Hall) smart composites: The influence of bio-compatibilizer addition on Tensile, Morphological and Heat Combustion Properties
Authors: Suharty N S , Ismail H , Diharjo K , Handayani D S , Sholihati A , Nisa’ A I
Published: October 2019

Had been successfully synthesized rPP/DVB/PP-AA/rNR/KF//Hall+ZB smart composite in solution reactive processes with various recycled Natural Rubber (rNR) bio-compatibilizer concentration. The addition of rNR bio-compatibilizer improved the total capacity loading (Hall and KF) filler to reach the optimum concentration. The addition of 3% rNR is capable to increase capacity of total loading filler KF and Hall up to 46% as the optimum condition (KH4). At optimum conditions it can increase the Tensile Strength (TS) and Elongation (Elo) up to 16% and 17% respectively, and decrease the Young Modulus (YM) to 1% compared to that the composites without rNR (KH1). The rNR plasticizer serves as a bio-compatibilizer that can increase the loading filler capacity and well interaction, finally, it can increase the TS properties. The increase of total loading filler KF and Hall to 46% (KH4) can also improve the inflammability of the composites. The Heat combustion (Hg) of KH1 without rNR was 42.3 kJ/g and at optimum condition the Hg of KH4 increases 4.8%, compared to that of KH1. The time to Ignition (TTI) increases by 6.9%, Burning Rate (BR) decreases by 3.7% and the Heat Release (HR) increases by 2.1% compared to that of the composites without rNR (KH1).
Thermal behaviour properties and corrosion resistance of carbon/polyurethane film
Authors: Kurniawan O , Ramadhan I H , Soegijono B
Published: October 2019

Carbon/polyurethane film composite were prepared by adding carbon with different content in polyurethane as a matrix. The materials were characterized by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Optical microscope and salt spray test. TGA and DSC results showed decomposition temperature shifted to a lower point and the FT-IR spectra showed chemical reaction of carbon/polyurethane matrix. The corrosion resistance overall decrease with the increasing carbon content.
Fabrication of Graphene Oxide/Calcium Carbonate/Chitosan Nanocomposite Film with Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Authors: Handayani M , Sulistiyono E , Rokhmanto F , Darsono N , Fransisca P L , Erryani A , Wardono J T
Published: October 2019

Nanocomposites are an attractive field of materials providing novel performance owing to their remarkable properties at low filler loading. Currently, they are being increasingly used by industry whilst displacing the use of conventional filler materials. A lot of nanoscale fillers are capable to enhance mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites. Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms in a hexagonal lattice, has recently attracted much attention due to their novel electronic and mechanical properties. Graphene and graphene oxide show very high mechanical properties with well biocompatibility, and they have potential application as biomaterials. Therefore, 2D graphene or graphene oxide sheets are expected to offer promising nanoscale filler for the next generation of nanocomposite materials. Here, Graphene Oxide/Calcium Carbonate/Chitosan (GO/CaCO3/CS) Nanocomposite Film has been fabricated by the blending aqueous solution. The graphene oxide used in this study was synthesized by chemical way from pure graphite using modified hummer’s technique. The graphene oxide resulted from hummer’s method was characterized by IR, XRD and SEMEDX. The measurement result of the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite film showed that with adding GO content in the composite enhanced the tensile strength and peaks at the content of GO 5 % due to good dispersion of the graphene oxide as nano-scale fillers.
The Flexural Strength of Post-Fire Concrete with the use of Waste Banner Fibers
Authors: Rahmawati A , Nurhidayati A , Roemintoyo  , Prakoso M R
Published: October 2019

The use of nylon fiber from the waste banner in this study was expected to be an alternative effort to reduce the negative impact of waste banner while improving the property of concrete that was a flexural strength as an effect of the character of nylon fiber that has high tensile strength. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum value of the flexural strength of post-fire concrete resulting from the addition of waste banner fiber. 64 of beam samples in 150 mm of width, 150 mm of thickness, and 600 mm of length used to test the flexural strength of concrete. The variation of the waste banner fiber’s lengths was 30 mm, 60 mm and 90 mm while the combustion temperature used were 200 °C, 300 °C and 400 °C. The results of the study showed that 60 mm fiber’s length gave the highest flexural strength results compared to other fiber lengths. The higher the combustion temperature produces the decreasing of concrete’s flexural strength.