PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND AESTHETICS IN THE POST-NON-CLASSICAL SPACE OF THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ukraine, Skalska Daria 
Published: May 2022

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that modern philosophical anthropology and aesthetics are based on all the previous development of European scientific thought, but do not represent a simple continuation of traditions. Neo-Marxism and the Frankfurt School with their problems and searches for a post-nonclassical dominant are one of the most promising areas of emphasis. The output worldview paradigm and the methodological setting are the historical-philosophical and theoreticalaesthetic approaches, analysis and synthesis, the comparative method. The logic of the presentation of the material allows us to point to the socio-anthropological awareness of art as an opportunity to comprehend social reality through the vital activity of specific historical personalities. The main aesthetic principles are associated with socio-cultural dimensions, among which are «sustained harmony», «sensual expressiveness». The aesthetic, according to the concept of social ontology, is embodied precisely in culture, and therefore can be considered the main system-forming factor of human life. That is, in the socio-cultural environment of social life, the main thing is not economics and politics, but their potential for the embodiment of the aesthetic forms themselves. The purpose of the robots has determined the dimension of the «aesthetic» category through which the anthropological discourse about man is carried out. Human-dimensional totality rejects the usual division into an absolute object and, accordingly, an absolute subject, since a person himself acts as a special embodiment of subject-object activity, in which there is a continuous process of unity of the inner and outer world of a person in its «sublimation» and continuum. The novelty and results of the conducted research expand the field of nonclassical understanding of the meaning of art in society, make it possible to deepen into the specifics of the aesthetic, artistic experience and creative practices of both the European countries of the twentieth century and modernity in an anthropological manner. It was found that the worldview and fundamental principle of the creative heritage of neo-Marxism and representatives of the Frankfurt School is humanism. It was on its basis that their aesthetic concept in general was developed, as well as the doctrine of the special and sensory experience of a person in particular. The necessity of a more in-depth reference to the works of these scientists in the analysis of modern society and its aspirations for form-building innovations has been substantiated. In addition, it seems necessary to study the influence of the ideas of these thinkers on the search and development of aesthetic and anthropological problems in Ukraine. It has been proved that in their personal and public life the representatives of neo-Marxism and the Frankfurt School actively defended the cultural heritage of mankind, the progressive spiritual and creative potential of the social activity of man and mankind, opposed all forms of barbarism, alienation that destroy humanity. Consequently, humanism appears to be their fundamental ideological orientation as thinkers. Therefore, their aesthetic considerations are valuable in the analysis of formmaking searches in modern practices, indicate the prospect of studying the aesthetic beginning of life in a situation of modern social challenges.