bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREPARING OF CHILDREN FOR LEARNING AT NEW UKRAINIAN SCHOOL: PARTNERSHIP INTERACTION OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND APPLICANTS FOR EDUCATION
Authors: Marharyta Kozyr , Kalinichenko Tetyana
Published: July 2021

The authors reveal the issues of partnership between the preschool institution and the school in preparing children for study at New Ukrainian School. The main condition for ensuring continuity in education and training is determined by the orientation of the educational process of the preschool institution and the New Ukrainian School on the comprehensive development of the child’s personality. It is emphasized that the knowledge, skills and experience gained in preschool and family will be used to actively use them in the educational process, as the interest of preschool educational institution and New Ukrainian School will make the transition from preschool to school painless for the child. Emphasis is placed on the fact that partnership in relations between the participants of the educational process is a guarantee of their productive interaction, one of the ways to solve educational problems. The object of the study is the partnership between the preschool and school in preparing children for study at New Ukrainian School; subject of research - preparation of children for study at New Ukrainian School; The purpose of the article is a theoretical substantiation (based on a holistic analysis of scientific sources) and an empirical study of the problem of implementing partnership between preschool and school in preparing children for study in the New Ukrainian School. The authors came to the conclusion that according to the Law of Ukraine «About Education» the aspect of pedagogy of partnership between all participants of the educational process acquires great importance in the Concept of New Ukrainian School. The pedagogy of partnership is based on the principles of humanism and a creative approach to personal development. Its goal is to develop a humane society free from totalitarianism. The New Ukrainian School stipulates that teachers, together with parents, form a partnership centered on the child. The current state of preschool and primary education is characterized by diverse coverage of many issues in the interaction of the pedagogical process of preschool educational institution and New Ukrainian School, and the partnership of related levels of education, i.e. preschool educational institution and New Ukrainian School, will help unite the efforts of preschool educational institution educators, primary school teachers and parents in continuing education.
Realities of postracial America in Michael Thomas’ “Man Gone Down”
Authors: Shymchyshyn Mariya
Published: July 2021

The actuality and novelty of the proposed article lie in the use of postracial theories in the process of rethinking postmodern subjectivity. The purpose of the article is to analyze Michael Thomas' novel “Man Gone Down” through a hermeneutics of post-identity. Emphasis is made on racial identity in the realities of contemporary American society. The subject of the article is racial identity in the context of today's politics of so-called “racial tolerance”. In Ukrainian literary criticism, Michael Thomas' fiction has drawn little attention, as well as postracial theory. The following methods have been used in the article: close reading, hermeneutic, and cultural. It is concluded that Michael Thomas' novel “Man Gone Down” belongs to the body of those texts that debunk the political construct of postracial America. The novel adds new emphasis to depicting racial relations in the United States, to issues of class stratification, access to education, the common good, and finally to the crisis of the American dream. In addition, a new understanding of the identity of Black Americans has been emphasized, in particular, the departure from the rhetoric of ​​racial advancement or the prominent mission of “a racial man”. One of the main focuses is the narrator's attempt to find his place in the world and at the same time not to imitate the social roles defined by the ideology of the ruling white majority. The form of the inner monologue allows the readers to focus on the narrator’s past, which is constantly reviewed by him. The author describes hidden, and sometimes truly invisible but tangible to the racial Other, discriminatory practices. The desire of the main character to express himself and not meet the expectations that have traditionally been placed on members of his race is the main issue of the novel. Being yourself in the realities of totalitarian discourses is not an easy endeavor.
Letters of Ivan Shpitkosky to Mykhailo Hrushevsky
Authors: Mytsyk Yurii , Tarasenko Inna
Published: July 2021

The article contains letters of the undeservedly forgotten Ukrainian historian, museum worker and teacher Ivan-Yulian Shpytkovsky to a prominent Ukrainian scientist, statesman and public figure, Professor Mykhailo Hrushevsky. Here is a brief sketch of his biography, studies at Lviv University, the formation under the influence of Mykhailo Hrushevsky’s scientific interest in the Haydamak movement of the eighteenth century, his participation in the national liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people 1917–1921, participation in the social and scientific-cultural life of Galicia in the interwar period. It also explains the reasons for his forced withdrawal from active scientific work, the publication of scientific papers, caused primarily by the repressive policies of the Soviet government. Thus, in Lviv in the 1940s, a highly qualified specialist in paleography, sphragistics, chronology and heraldry was suspended from lecturing, accused of idealistic and nationalist views, and transferred to the position of laboratory assistant. Since 1930 I.-Yu. Shpytkovsky became a full member of the NTSh and most of his articles were published in “Notes of the Scientific Society. T. G. Shevchenko”. The letters to Mykhailo Hrushevsky published here shed light on the nature of the relations between the two scientists and on the laboratory of scientific research of Shpytkovsky, first of all on the study of the history of Koliivshchyna in 1768.
Diplomatic Settlement Projects of the “Afghan Issue” (1980–1981)
Authors: Bazan Yuliia
Published: July 2021

The Soviet war in Afghanistan lasted for over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989. The Afghan conflict became the largest military campaign of the Cold War. The continuing war in Afghanistan actually began to threaten peace and stability not only in Central Asia but in the whole world. It became a dead end for the occupiers, too. The international community perceived Soviet aggression as a significant threat to international peace and security. In the early 1980s the search for a diplomatic settlement to the situation around Afghanistan began. The purpose of the article is to investigate the ways of diplomatic settlement of the “Afghan issue” in 1980—1981 (before the Geneva Peace Talks) on the basis of official documents of the United Nations and the US National Security Archive. At the core of the research methodology there are typological, comparative аnd problem-chronological methods. In 1980–1981 a number of countries and international organizations initiated projects for a diplomatic settlement of the Afghan conflict. These countries were the following: the United States, Great Britain, France, Pakistan and others. The United Kingdom proposed a two-stage international conference to discuss the ending of foreign interference in Afghanistan and withdrawing foreign troops. According to the plan proposed by Pakistan, Soviet troops were to leave the DRA and be replaced by “international peacekeepers”. Valéry Giscard d’Estaing (the President of France) proposed to convene an international conference with the participation of countries suspected of interfering in the internal affairs of the DRA in order to develop commitments on non-interference and refusal to supply weapons to Afghanistan. These projects were rejected by the USSR and the DRA. They argued that the official government of Afghanistan had not been invited to the proposed international conferences. The world community did not recognize the official government of Afghanistan. The authority of the USSR in the international arena fell significantly. Thus, the main reason for the delay in the negotiation process was the Soviet leadership’s adherence to the force line of conduct in relation to Afghanistan and the transfer of all responsibility for the Afghan crisis to its ideological opponents in the Cold War.
Las luchas campeñas en dos novelas bananeras hondureñas
Authors: Barboza Leitón Ivannia
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza un corpus de la novela bananera hondureña desde la visión de héroes y antagonistas de las personas trabajadoras en las plantaciones o campeños. Dicho sustento subyace en la hipótesis de que los personajes gravitan en complejas relaciones intersubjetivas; la tensión es sustentada por la compa- ñía bananera junto con los gobiernos de turno. Me interesa mostrar que en la convivencia laboral y social de los campeños surgen héroes que procuran, con claro sentido de conciencia, cohesionar el movimiento de los trabajadores frente al poderío de la compañía. Cuando interaccionan con sus semejantes, es posible reconocer en ellos una estructura dialógica que apunta a diversos intereses, lo que conlleva a un espectro de valores. Para esto, el análisis semiótico vehicula semas definidos como lealtad al movimiento de huelga frente a la traición; por lo tanto, se traduce en dialéctica cambiante por las circunstancias y los intereses individuales y colectivos. Las conclusiones sustentan que en el mundo narrado de las novelas hay una conciencia de alteridad que se despliega no solo hacia la aceptación y el rechazo; al contrario, hay nexos entre los protagonistas consigo mismos, con los demás y con la compañía como parte de un sentido identitario nacional y con el mundo.
The Rating of Perceived Exertion Predicts Performance Loss and Physiological Demand in Vertical Jump Session Until Voluntary Failure
Authors: Arsenijevic Radenko , Ilic Igor , Stankovic Veroljub
Published: July 2021

The aims of this study were (a) to assess the ability of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) to predict performance loss (i.e. percent of drop in height relative to maximal height) of vertical jump session until voluntary failure, and (b) to determine the ability of RPE to describe the physiological demand of this session via heart rate monitor. Ten healthy men performed vertical jumps (counter-movement jump) until voluntary failure. Before session start maximal jump height for every subject was determined. Heart rate and RPE, separately for legs (RPE legs) and for breath (RPE breath), were recorded every ten jumps throughout the sessions. Results have shoved that RPE legs and performance loss have about 99% of same variance ( =0,9899; p<0,000), and RPE breath explains about 98% heart rate variance ( =0,9789; p<0,000) in vertical jump session until voluntary failure.
Physical Therapy’s Management for the Complex Treatment of Patients Having Had a Cerebral Vascular Accident - Case Study
Authors: Rabolu Elena
Published: July 2021

Worldwide, cerebral vascular accident is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. According to the World Health Organization, 6,5 million cerebrovascular accident- induced deaths were recorded in 2011. In Romania, the cerebrovascular accident is the third mortality cause, after cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The number of cerebral vasculo-circulatory diseases continues to grow, due to atherosclerosis and high blood pressure frequency. Physical therapy aims to help patients gradually recover the range of motion in their lower and upper limbs, reduce oedema, prevent bed sores, prevent or reduce joint stiffness, as well as recover the ability to perform day to day activities. The purpose of this paper was to highlight physical therapy’s beneficial outcome when applied individualised to a patient having had a cerebral vascular accident with a view to improving the psycho- motor and sensory imbalances accompanying this diagnosis.
Modal Sosial Masyarakat Pulau Maringkik dalam Menghadapi Bencana
Authors: Azhari Evendi Azhari
Published: July 2021

Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk merangkai korelasi antara modal sosial dengan mitigasi bencana pada komunitas kepualauan di Pulau Maringkik, Lombok Timur. Wilayah kepulauan merupakan wilayah yang memiliki risiko bencana yang cukup tinggi yang mengancam eksistensi masyarakat. Mayoritas masyarakat lebih memilih tinggal di pulau maringkik dari pada pindah ke tempat yang risiko bencananya lebih rendah. masyarakat memiliki sistem pengetahuan yang menjadi modal sosial untuk menghadapi berbagai risiko bencana alam dan non alam. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif ditemukan bahwa masyarakat Pulau Maringkik memiliki modal sosial dalam hal mitigasi bencana yang terdapat pada sikap saling percaya, partisipasi dalam suatu jaringan, resiprositas, dan norma-norma sosial.   Modal sosial dalam hal mitigasi bencana menjadi kekuatan sosial masyarakat Pulau Maringkik untuk melangsungkan hidup di gugus pulu kecil walaupun risiko bencananya cukup tinggi.
Post-mortem and histological lesions in the European minks (Mustela lutreola) induced by spontaneous infection with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Subbotina I. A. , Gromov I. N.
Published: July 2021

The paper contains data on registration of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the European mink population. Profound and detailed studies of the virus circulation in the European mink population and the clinical manifestations of the disease, comprehensive approaches to the disease diagnosis, including epidemiological studies, clinical and post-mortem examinations, molecular genetic laboratory diagnostics (polymerase chain reaction and full-genome sequencing) contributed to better understanding of the disease features. The paper presents the data on post-mortem and histological lesions in the European minks infected with the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 obtained during the research. All the animals from which the pathological material was collected were infected with SARS-CoV-2, and the diagnosis was made using polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The obtained and presented in the paper data reveal the features and dynamics of pathological processes in the body of infected animals (European mink), demonstrate the characteristics of the lesions in organs and tissues in case of acute and chronic disease, explain the clinical and post-mortem disease pattern and indicate the causes of animal deaths. All this together will allow veterinary specialists not only to quickly and timely diagnose the disease in the population of fur animals (European mink), but also to take necessary therapeutic and preventive measures in a timely manner, to select the most effective means for symptomatic and pathogenetic therapy as well as the most rational and effective substances and disinfection procedures.
Analysis of SAT-1, -2, -3 FMD outbreaks in Africa in 2017–2019
Authors: Sidorovskaya M. V. , Fomina S. N. , Kremenchugskaya S. R.
Published: July 2021

Data on FMD spread in Africa in 2017–2019 provided by the World Animal Health Organization (OIE) and World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD) were analyzed with the emphasis on the current epidemic situation in Northern Africa, and the analysis results are demonstrated as well. Brief historical information on SAT-1, -2, -3 FMDV recovery in Africa is presented. Diagnostic test results demonstrate that the abovementioned virus serotypes are circulating in the Southern, East and West African countries. However, there are reports on detection of SAT-1 FMDV in the Near East (1961–1965 and 1970) and SAT-2 FMDV in Saudi Arabia (2000), Lebanon (2003), Bahrain, Egypt and Lebanon (2012). Infection of cattle with SAT-1, -2, -3 FMDV in Southern and East Africa is associated with the contacts between the domestic livestock and wild cloven-hoofed ungulates, specifically with African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer). FMDV persists in buffaloes for up to 4–5 years and in buffalo herds living within the limited area of the national reserves – for up to 24 years. Buffaloes are considered to be natural reservoir of the virus. The basic disease control measure in Africa is prevention of any contacts between FMD susceptible livestock and buffaloes in the national reserves and game sanctuaries. Moreover, crucial component of FMD prevention is vaccination of bovines kept in buffer zones around the wild cloven-hoofed ungulates’ habitats against the virus serotypes spread by the latter. Foot-and-mouth disease remains one of the most economically significant infections in the world and it involves losses due to the decrease of the agricultural production as well as due to the international trade restrictions.
Investigation of the effects of Afyonkarahisar Region hot springs water on blood calcium and some hormon levels in experimentally-created osteoporosis in rats
Authors: Elitok Bülent , Saygin Tolgahan , Ulusoy Yavuz , Kilinç Bahadir
Published: July 2021

Today, one of the most common non-communicable diseases, which, according the World Health Organization experts, dominates the structure of human morbidity and mortality is osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water from the hot springs of the Afyonkarahisar region on the calcium content and the levels of certain hormones in the blood of rats with experimentally induced osteoporosis. 25 female albino rats of the same age were used in the experiment. Ovaries were removed from all animals under anesthesia with ketamine (200 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg), after which they were divided into two groups: control (10 animals) and experimental (15 animals). The animals of the control group were given tap water twice a day through an orogastric tube and they were bathed in it for 15 minutes at the same time, the water temperature was (35 ± 2) °C. The animals of the experimental group were given fresh water from the Süreyya I hot spring using the same method. Blood clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters were measured prior to the study, as well as on day 1, 7, 14, and 21 after the ovariectomy operation. The ovariectomy demonstrated inconsistence of the tested blood parameters with the standard ones. In the course of the treatment, by day 21 of the experiment, the parameters normalized, and the most noticeable changes were observed in the rats of the experimental group (p < 0.05). The results of the work performed showed that Süreyya I hot spring water contributed to a significant improvement in the clinical, hematological and biochemical blood parameters in rats with osteoporosis, therefore, it can be used for prevention and treatment of this disease in combination with other types of treatment.
Development of the test kit for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in sera of susceptible animals
Authors: Volkova M. A. , Zinyakov N. G. , Yaroslavtseva P. S. , Chvala I. A. , Galkina T. S. , Andreychuk D. B.
Published: July 2021

The novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, has triggered a pandemic, and has also been reported in animal populations – in farm minks, dogs and felines: domestic cats, lions and tigers. The susceptibility of some animal species to the SARS-CoV-2 has been proven by experimental infection. Serological methods are effectively used to detect the infection in animals. Currently, methods such as neutralization test, immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunoassay are used to detect antibodies to coronaviruses. Thanks to these studies, a test kit was developed based on an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay to detect the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in sera of susceptible animals. The use of a purified concentrated inactivated virus as an antigen allows the detection of antibodies to various SARS-CoV-2 immunodominant proteins (S and N). The reaction conditions were optimized, and a positive-negative threshold was established by testing of 154 negative sera from animals of six species (ferrets, minks, foxes, arctic foxes, cats and dogs). The method reproducibility analysis showed that the average value of the variation coefficient did not exceed 7%, which is an acceptable value. The specificity and sensitivity of the neutralization test, when testing 30 sera from ferrets was 100 and 92.6%, respectively. The high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity shown by testing of 50 serum samples from minks, foxes, cats and dogs with different immune status, allow us to recommend the developed test kit for screening and monitoring tests and post-vaccination immunity control.
Enhancing the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens by Adding Spirulina platensis Compared with Probiotic, Prebiotics, and Oxytetracycline
Authors: Atiyah Wisam R , Hamood Mohanad F
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted in order to find out the effect of Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) algae mixed with drinking water (2%) on the production performance of broiler chickens infected with or without Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and compare it with the effects of probiotics (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casi, L. reuteri, and Bacillus subtillis), prebiotics (containing antioxidants and a group of vitamins) as well as oxytetracycline. The experiment included 350 one day old (Ross-308) broiler chicks, randomly divided into 7 groups by 50 chicks per group for 35 days. The groups were divided as follows: T1: infected experimentally with E. faecalis only, T2: treated with S. platensis, T3: infected experimentally with E. faecalis and treated with 2% S. platensis, T4: infected experimentally with E. faecalis and treated with probiotic, T5: infected experimentally with E. faecalis and treated with prebiotic, T6: infected experimentally with E. faecalis and treated with oxytetracycline, and T7: control group without any addition. Weekly live body weight and weekly body weight gain were measured as well as weekly feed intake and feed conversion rate for broiler chickens were estimated. The current study proved that S. platensis algae added to drinking water (2%) in T2 and T3 groups had caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in the weekly live body weight and weekly body weight gain, Spirulina also caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in weekly feed intake and feed conversion rate for broiler chickens. Therefore, S. platensis could be a suitable alternative to some feed additives such as probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics in addition to the ability of Spirulina to reduce the symptoms of E. faecalis.
Assessment of the Off-season Rainfall of January to February 2020 and Its Socio Economic Implications in Tanzania: A Case Study of the Northern Coast of Tanzania
Authors: Kai Kombo Hamad , Osima Sarah E , Kijazi Agnes Laurence , Ngwali Mohammed Khamis , Hamad Asya Omar
Published: July 2021

This article examines the off season rainfall in northern coast Tanzania (NCT) including Zanzibar which occurred in January and February 2020 (JF). Like the JF rainfalls of 2001, 2004, 2010, 2016 and 2018, the JF (2020) rainfall was more unique in damages including loss of lives, properties and infrastructures. The study used the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data to examine the cause of uniqueness of JF rainfall in 2001, 2004, 2010, 2016, 2018 and 2020 over NCT and Zanzibar. These datasets include monthly mean u, v wind at 850, 700, 500, and 200 mb; SSTs, mean sea level pressure (MSLP) anomalies, Dipole Mode Index (DMI), and monthly rainfall from NCT and Zanzibar stations. Datasets were processed and calculated into long term, seasonal, and monthly averages, indeed, Precipitation Index (PI) was calculated. Correlation analysis between the rainfall (December to January), SST, DMI and 850 mb wind vectors; and long-term percentage contribution of investigated parameters was calculated. Results revealed significant positive and negative correlations between JF rainfall, SSTs and DMI. Moreover, JFs of 2004 and 2016 had higher rainfalls of 443 mm with percentage contribution of up to 406%, while January and February, 2020 had the highest of 269.1 and 101.1mm in Zanzibar and 295 and 146.1 mm over and NCT areas, with highest January long-term rainfall contribution of 356% in Zanzibar and 526% over NCT. The DJF (2019/20) had the highest rainfall record of 649.5 mm in Zanzibar contributing up to 286%, while JF 2000 rainfall had a good spatial and temporal distribution over most NCT areas. JF, 2020 rainfall had impacts of more than 20 people died in Lindi and several infrastructures including Kiyegeya Bridge in Morogoro were damaged. Conclusively, more research works on understanding the dynamics of wet and dry JF seasons should be conducted.
Safety and short-term outcomes of sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass following removal of adjustable gastric banding
Authors: Omar Thaher  , Jamal Driouch  , Martin Hukauf  , Christine Stroh
Published: July 2021

Background: The practice of bariatric surgery was studied using the German Bariatric Surgery Registry (GBSR). The focus of the study was to evaluate whether revision sleeve gastrectomy (R-SG) or Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (R-RYGB) has a major benefit in terms of perioperative risk in patients after failed Adjustable Gastric Banding (AGB). Methods: The data collection includes patients who underwent SG or RYGB as revision surgery after failed AGB between 2005 and 2019. Outcome criteria were perioperative complications, comorbidities, 30-day mortality, and operative time. Results: The study analyzed data from 1395 patients after revision SG and RYGB. 907 patients after R-RYGB, and 488 after R-SG. Intraoperative and overall postoperative complication rates were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.321 and 0.621). The specific postoperative complication rate was significantly lower in R-SG than in R-RYGB (p=0.049). The mean operative time differed significantly between the two groups in favor of R-SG (160.3 min vs. 128.3 min; p<0.001). There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality between the two groups (p=0.952). Conclusion: The study shows that R-SG and R-RYGB are safe and feasible as revision procedures and have acceptable complication and mortality rates. However, in our study, we cannot make a recommendation in favor of any of the surgical methods. Proper patient selection is essential to avoid possible adverse effects. Concerning the long-term results, further studies with higher methodological quality are necessary.
Analysis of the Inﬂuence of Corneal Parameters on the Pattern of Myopia Progression when Using Orthokeratology Lenses in Children
Authors: Bezditko P. A. , Parhomets R. A.
Published: July 2021

The progressive course of myopia is one of the most important medical and social problems worldwide. In Ukraine, the relative incidence of moderate myopia ranges from 8.9 to 30.8 % in schoolchildren and in final-year students, mild and moderate myopia is found, according to various data, in 30-68 % of individuals. Some researchers have tried to determine the shape of the cornea and its relationship to the eye size in myopia, but conﬂicting data have been obtained, so the issue needs further investigation. The aim. To analyze the effect of corneal eccentricity (Ex) in children with myopia on the increase of the axial length of the eye when using orthokeratology lenses (OKL). Methods. The study involved 60 children (117 eyes) aged 7 to 15 years with uncomplicated mild and moderate myopia from –0.75 to –5.0 diopters by spherical equivalent. Biometry was performed using an ultrasound scanner before the start of refractive therapy or prescription of glasses and then every 6 months of observation. Corneal topography was also performed with determination of keratometry and Ex in ﬂat and steep meridians (Oculus Easygraph topographer, Germany). MoonLens OKL with combined design were selected for all the subjects. Results. In patients with mild myopia, there was direct strong correlation between the value of Ex, both in a ﬂat and in a steep meridian, and the axial length at the beginning of the therapy which equaled to 0.28 (p = 0.011) There was also a strong direct relationship between the value of the initial Ex and the difference in refraction (ΔR) after 24 months of observation which equaled to 0.32 (p = 0.001). Assessment of the correlation between the initial value of keratometry and the axial length revealed negative correlation between –0.69 in the group with mild myopia (p<0.001) and –0.67 in children with moderate myopia (p<0.001). There was no correlation of the effect of Ex on the annual gradient of myopia progression in the study. Conclusions. There is no correlation between the baseline Ex and the annual gradient of myopia progression on the background of the use of OKL because the corneal profile changes and there are other factors inﬂuencing the pattern of the axial length change. A direct correlation between the baseline Ex and the annual changes in refraction (ΔR) was revealed.
Genetic Aspects of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Serdiuk V. , Maidenko K.
Published: July 2021

Glaucoma is one of the widespread eye diseases causing visual disturbances and even blindness. Almost 15% of blindness worldwide is due to glaucoma. One of the factors of glaucoma development is heredity. Currently, identification and diagnosis of new glaucoma cases is achieved either by routine screening or examinations prompted by perceived risk. The factors associated with the pathogenesis of glaucoma include high intraocular pressure (IOP), aging, decreased blood ﬂow and genetic factors. Traditional vision screening for disorders like primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is time-consuming and costly. POAG is the most common type of glaucoma which has no obvious abnormality in the eye that points to a cause. Although mutations in several genes, including myocilin, optineurin, and CYP1B1 are associated with the disease, these genes account for less than 10% of cases worldwide. The paper reviews genetic studies in POAG. The genetic basis for the development of glaucoma and a variety of its related syndromes is considered. CYP1B1 is a member of a family of cytochrome P450 genes known to encode enzymes that metabolize and detoxify both endogenous and exogenous molecules, although their activity is not limited to detoxification. The human CYP superfamily contains 57 functional genes and 58 pseudogenes. Two specific substrates of CYP1B1 (estradiols and retinoic acid) could contribute to ocular development and specifically to the development of the ocular anterior segment.
Improving the Clinical Effectiveness of Surgical Treatment of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment by Assessing Immunological and Anatomo-Morphological Parameters: a Literature Review
Authors: Ivanchenko A. Yu. , Bezkorovayna I. M.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Closed subtotal vitrectomy (CSV) is used to treat rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), but even with successful surgery performed at a relatively early stage, some patients still have low visual acuity and persistent color perception defects. Therefore, the combination of CVS with the internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in RRD can improve clinical outcomes in the postoperative period. The aim. To determine the role of ILM peeling and its inﬂuence on the functional and morphological state of the macula after RRD surgery in order to maximize the results of visual acuity after retinal detachment and clarify the indications for ILM removal in RRD. Materials and methods. Analysis of the literature shows that in many cases, despite the full ft of the detached retina, visual acuity is not restored in full. There are almost no data comparing the effect on visual acuity of ILM removal during vitrectomy in the remote period, hemodynamic disorders in the macular area according to optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography in patients with RRD. Results. Despite the fact that ILM peeling in RRD significantly reduces the incidence of epiretinal fibrosis the anatomical and morphological changes of the retina after ILM peeling and their impact on postoperative clinical outcomes should be taken into account. The determination of blood biomarkers has the potential to better predict the risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) after surgery to inhibit the pathological reaction that causes the formation of fibrous films on the retina, which in turn significantly worsen the clinical outcomes in the postoperative period. Conclusions. Thus, a combination of appropriate surgical techniques and new diagnostic markers, both clinical and immunological, can help to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of RRD.
Ensino de óxidos em uma aula experimental: possibilidade de adaptação para a inclusão de um aluno com Paralisia Cerebral
Authors: Maraschin André de Azambuja , Maia Dantas Lucas , Borges Gogia Débora , Freitas Alves Elenilson
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma intervenção em sala de aula que tinha como objetivo a inclusão no Ensino de Química. Como metodologia, visando a reflexão de situações vinculadas à ação social, utilizou-se a pesquisa-ação. A estratégia metodológica da aula baseou-se na experimentação e buscou adaptar as práticas propostas para que um aluno com Paralisia Cerebral pudesse realizá-las. Assim, o texto discute momentos importantes do estágio supervisionado na formação inicial de professores de Química a partir de observações, leituras e reflexões sobre a inclusão na teoria e prática. Considera-se que as experiências proporcionadas por esses espaços podem resultar em momentos de reconstrução de práticas pedagógicas que levem em conta outras metodologias, recursos e que sejam mais preocupadas com os diferentes tipos de aprendizagens existentes em sala de aula.
Compreensões da prática de gravação em vídeo de microensino na formação de professores de Química
Authors: Martins Chibiaque Francieli , Ritter Jaqueline
Published: July 2021

Esse estudo, como parte de pesquisa de mestrado, objetivou identificar e reconhecer como a ferramenta de gravação em vídeo de práticas de microensino é concebida e explorada pelos professores formadores que lecionam os estágios supervisionados do curso de Licenciatura em Química da Universidade Federal X, bem como as intencionalidades que os movem. Os procedimentos metodológicos de produção de dados consistiram em entrevistas semiestruturadas com os professores de estágio supervisionado do curso, e a análise dos dados seguiu os passos da Análise Textual Discursiva de Moraes e Galiazzi (2007). A partir da categoria emergente “compreensões dos efeitos obtidos por meio do desenvolvimento da prática”, se evidenciou que os docentes ainda não possuem clareza teórico-metodológica quanto à finalidade das gravações da prática de microensino articulada ao seu uso como ferramenta mediadora.
Reference Intervals for Total T4 and Free T4 in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Sciurba Joseph D , Hayes Jennifer M , Nouraie Seyed Mehdi , Wilson Heather M , Fortman Jeffrey D , Halliday Lisa C
Published: July 2021

Thyroid diseases, associated with either increased or decreased concentrations of circulating thyroid hormones, are prevalent in both human and veterinary populations. Hypothyroidism is a differential diagnosis for many medical problems as the disease presents with nonspecific clinical
signs that can include lethargy, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dermatologic manifestations such as alopecia. Alopecia is a frequently reported problem in captive nonhuman primates (NHP), and hypothyroidism is considered to be a differential diagnosis. However, thyroid function test results
in NHP using total T4 (TT4) and free T4 (FT4) assays are difficult to interpret without accurate reference intervals (RI) for comparison. As a consequence, hypothyroidism may be underdiagnosed in these species. The objective of this study was to establish RI for TT4 and FT4 in healthy populations
of cynomolgus macaques ( n = 133; age range 2.6 to 24.7 y) and rhesus macaques ( n = 172; age range 0.8 to 31.0 y). Serum samples were collected across a 14-y period during routine anesthetic events in clinically healthy animals, and TT4 and FT4 concentrations were measured using
commercially available immunoassays. The RI established for TT4 and FT4 were 5.1 to 14.9 ug/dL and 0.48 to 1.17 ng/dL for cynomolgus macaques, and 3.9 to 14.7 ug/dL and 0.36 to 1.12 ng/dL for rhesus macaques. Significant differences in thyroid hormone concentrations were found between Indian
and Chinese origin rhesus, and between Mauritian and other origin cynomolgus. In addition, juvenile and subadult rhesus exhibited significantly higher FT4 and TT4 concentrations than did older animals. Individual RI were established for subgroups with adequately different thyroid hormone concentrations.
These results will allow a more thorough diagnostic evaluation of cynomolgus and rhesus macaques with clinical signs consistent with thyroid disease and will ultimately be a refinement in NHP medicine.
Assessing the anxiety level of a volleyball team
Authors:   University “Lucian Blaga” Sibiu, Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Physics, Physical Education and Sport, Address: Str. Dr. Ion Raţiu, No. 5-7, Sibiu, Romania, SOPA Ioan Sabin
Published: July 2021

Modern sport activity implies a lot of stress and anxiety, factors that can limit the performance level of a sportive at any category. The study focused on highlighting the importance of assessing the level of anxiety of a volleyball team. The research took place in the season 2019-2020, between 01 September 2019 and 31 March 2020, at the women volleyball club ACS Alpha Sport Team from Sibiu, Romania. The sample of research was the mini volleyball representative of ACS Alpha Sport Team, composed by 15 volleyball players of female gender (n=15), with age between 8-11 years old (10.07±2.04 years old) with an experience of 1-2 years. The research method used was the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) that was used for assessing the anxiety level of the sportive before and after the competition, also the results of the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistic indicators. The research of our investigation showed that initial anxiety level evaluated at the initial testing in September 2019 (average 23.33) was considered high, the final evaluation of anxiety showed real improvement in the anxiety level (average of 17.33). The conclusions of the research highlighted the idea that using special training for psychological preparation, playing official games and also friendly games can improve the mental strength and also reduce the anxiety level.
Typhoid vaccines. Historical aspects of typhoid vaccine development, and currently available products
Authors: Abramtseva M. V. , Nemanova E. O. , Alekhina N. S. , Nemirovskaya T. I.
Published: July 2021

Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), which is still extremely common in endemic low- and middle-income countries of Asia and Africa. Industrialised countries may also be affected by typhoid fever outbreaks due to booming international tourism, and natural disasters. Given S. Typhi progressive resistance to antibiotics, high epidemiological burden, and lack of adequate sanitation and hygiene in a number of regions, the introduction of new treatment protocols and the improvement of preventive vaccination are critical tasks in global healthcare. The aim of the study was to highlight the main historical aspects of the typhoid vaccine development, to summarise data on the licensed vaccines and promising approaches to the development of new typhoid vaccines. The paper describes the current epidemiological situation of typhoid fever globally and in the Russian Federation. It dwells upon the global experience in typhoid vaccine development from the production of an inactivated vaccine to the development of conjugated vaccines. The paper summarises data on Russian and foreign-made typhoid fever vaccines currently available in the global pharmaceutical market. It outlines the main trends in the development of vaccines against the disease caused by S. Typhi. The paper demonstrates the need for improving the efficacy of existing vaccines and development of new typhoid combination vaccines.
FEATURES OF THE COMPETITION IN THE MARKET OF MOTOR TRANSPORT SERVICES
Authors: SHYNKARENKO V. , MAMEDOV M.A.
Published: July 2021

The role of road transport in the transport system of the country and its tasks in solving socio-economic problems facing Ukraine are shown. It is noted that many problems of development of market relations, emergence and development of competitiveness are solved by scientists at the level of the state, the branch, the enterprise. However, some aspects of this problem require further study, especially at the level of certain market types. Particular conditions for the market functioning are given. Definitions of the concept of the market from various positions are offered: sellers and consumers, consumers, the economic theory. Brief characteristics of different types of market are given, allocated according to the factors: territorial, number of subjects, interest of consumers to service, types of consumers, objects of the market. The general features of the market of motor transport services with other branch markets are established, its features are highlighted.
The components of the market of motor transport services are determined: objects, market subjects, subject of competition, criteria of competitiveness. As the main objects of allocation of freight transport segments are marked by the following factors: branches for which transportation is carried out; frequency of provision; territorial boundaries; forms of organization, type of cargo and scale of transportation. As part of passenger traffic, segments are distinguished by the following characteristics: type of rolling stock (bus, car, service, taxi, rolling stock), territorial boundaries; appointments (excursion, tourist, office, school shift, special); forms of organization; scale of traffic (single, mass).
The types of market participants (sellers, buyers, intermediaries) are defined by field of activity, their characteristics are given. Their types, motives of behavior are revealed.
DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE CONCEPTS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE MANAGEMENT
Authors: BOCHAROVA N.
Published: July 2021

The article proves the necessity to distinguish between the concepts of corporate governance and corporate management. Scientists’ different points of view have been studied. There are three main approaches: the first is when the authors consider the concepts of corporate governance and corporate management identical, the second approach implies that the concept of corporate management is broader than the concept of corporate governance, the third involves identification of the main concept of corporate governance, and considering corporate management as it component. General and separate features of the concepts of corporate governance and corporate management are highlighted. It is established that most authors consider corporate management an integral part of corporate governance. The scentists viewpoints on the essence of the concept of corporate management are considered. To define the concept of corporate management, it is proposed to apply the theory of dynamic information systems (TDIS). The use of two-level triadic decryption has led to the selection of basic categories of the 1st level: strategic planning, successful relationships, decision-making. Each of the concepts of the first level, in turn, is revealed by three concepts of the second level of detail. Strategic planning is revealed by presenting it as: the ability to adapt, the ability to develop, responsibility. Successful relationships are formed by elements: the internal environment of the enterprise, the external environment, feedback. Decision making includes: effectiveness, coordination, efficiency. The generalization of three hierarchically structured concepts allowed to form the definition of corporate management as a mechanism for implementing corporate governance at the level of strategic planning. The application of the established definition of corporate management will allow a systematic approach to this concept and help to continue the study of its essence and features of use in the companies’ current activities.
LOGISTICS STRATEGY OF THE ENTERPRISE: THE ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT
Authors: VODOLAZHSKA T.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the current achievements of leading scientists and scholars in the field of strategic logistics management on the understanding of the essence of the term "logistics strategy" of the enterprise. A thorough analysis of the relevant scientific and practical literature revealed that this area is at an early stage of its development now. This fact causes the lack of identity and common views of experts in the interpretation of the meaning of this term, the authors provide different definitions. Existing developments in the theory and practice of logistics management, including the essence of the concept of logistics strategy need research and refinement.
The main purpose of the article is to formulate the definition of logistics strategy by identifying and streamlining its essential features (the ones each of which is necessary, but all together are sufficient to distinguish this term from all the others).
The existing interpretations of the essence of logistics strategy used in modern literature are studied. Their exhaustive analysis allowed us to conclude that, along with the available theoretical developments, they have certain limitations and shortcomings. Based on the application of basic logical techniques (analysis, comparison and synthesis), the essential features of this term are identified with regard to the content of actions and essential certainty: a set of actions, decisions and methods of effective enterprise management; long-term strategic plan (profile) of the enterprise in the logistics sphere; management of material, information and financial flows; coordination, allocation and efficient use of resources.
The basis for the formation of the concept of logistics strategy is established: firstly, the inclusion of the above four essential features of logistics strategies; secondly, clarification of the feature regarding the compliance of logistics strategies not only with the type of corporate strategy, but also with business strategies, as it is aimed at achieving its goals; thirdly, the inclusion of a sign of compliance with the long-term goals of the enterprise; fourthly, basing on (among others) ​​the definition of strategy and logistics.
Based on the above provisions, the essence of the concept of logistics strategy of the enterprise is formulated, which, in contrast to the existing ones, most fully takes into account the essential features of this term in its essential definition and content of actions. The main differences of the proposed definition are the joint inclusion of the concept of the relevant components in the content.