bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Access to Government Publications: Australia, New Zealand, and Assorted Anglophonic Countries in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific
Authors: Kavass Igor I.
Published: March 2019

Almost every country in the world publishes official documents of some kind or another. There is much in these documents of interest to law libraries because they normally include official texts of codes, laws, and subordinate legislation, official court and government reports, statistics, and official gazettes or other official publications of periodical or serial nature. The content of some of these publications can be of considerable legal importance, but their usefulness is limited unless they can also be identified and acquired with relative ease. Unfortunately, this is not true for documents of most countries. The root of the problem is that very few countries, e. g., Canada, Federal Republic of Germany, Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States, etc. are in the habit of regularly publishing bibliographies, catalogs or other “search aids” for their documents. In most countries such bibliographic information, if available at all, tends to be incomplete, inaccurate, and sporadic. Finding a document (or even finding out about its existence) in such circumstances becomes more a matter of luck than the result of a skillful professional search.
Foreign and International Law Collections in Selected Law Libraries of the United States: Survey, 1972 – 1973
Authors: Kavass Igor I.
Published: March 2019

From time to time during the past several years many law librarians in the United States with institutional commitments for the development of foreign and international law collections have voiced their deep concern about the intrinsic research value of their existing holdings of foreign and international law materials and, even more so, about the ability of their libraries to maintain the future growth of such collections at a sufficiently high scholarly level. Their disquietude was not without a reason. The United States could always pride itself in having several distinguished law libraries with some of the best research collections of legal materials in the world. The reputation of these collections was so great that generation after generation of legal scholars did much of their research work in them. There were also many other law libraries in the United States but they were generally small and did not specialize in foreign and international law. An unexpected development occured, however, in the two decades after World War II. Many of the smaller law libraries as well as a number of new libraries began to expand their holdings at a phenomenal rate of growth. They began also to branch out into areas they had not been previously familiar with, and some of them succeeded in establishing sizable collections of foreign and international law materials within the relatively short period of less than twenty years. After several decades of this unprecedented and frequently indiscriminate expansion, culminating in the emergence of a wide variety of foreign and international law collections, many of these libraries were suddenly faced in the early 1970's with a series of critical problems.
Education for Librarianship in Malaysia: With Special Reference to Law Librarianship
Authors: Nadarajah Radha
Published: March 2019

The Federation of Malaya received her independence from Britain in 1957. On September 16, 1963, the eleven states of this Federation, the former colonies of Sarawak and Sabah on the western coast of Borneo and the State of Singapore united to form Malaysia. In August 1965, however, Singapore seceded from this newly-formed federation to become an independent republic. Malaysia as it is known to-day consists of eleven states of the peninsula that constituted Malaya in 1957, (this is referred to as peninsula Malaysia) Sabah and Sarawak. Peninsula Malaysia is separated from Sabah and Sarawak by the vast South China Sea.
The Possibility of Co-operative Acquisition of Legal Materials among some Libraries in the City of Lagos
Authors: Jegede Oluremi
Published: March 2019

It is proposed in this paper to examine the possibility of cooperative acquisition of legal materials among some libraries in the City of Lagos.
A Survey and Critique of Photocopying Provisions of the New American Copyright Act
Authors: Hood Howard A.
Published: March 2019

Copyright statutes have traditionally dealt primarily with questions related to reproduction of writings by the printing press. Since the previous general revision of United States copyright law in 1909, a variety of technological advances such as the phonograph, the tape recorder, radio, television, the photocopier, and the computer have generated other copyright issues. The need for a new law which would resolve these questions led to five years of Congressionally-funded study of copyright in the 1950's. Thirty-four separate reports came out of this research. In the 1960's the Register of Copyrights, in consultation with copyright attorneys and experts, drafted a general revision bill. The Copyright Office modified this draft and had it introduced in Congress in 1965. Although it did not pass at that time, it became the basis for copyright revisions introduced in subsequent sessions of Congress. The U.S. House of Representatives passed a copyright bill in 1967 but the Senate did not act on the proposal. In 1974 the Senate passed a copyright bill but it failed in the House. Not until 1976 were draftsmen able to write a law acceptable to both legislative bodies. The President approved the act on October 19, 1976, and most provisions of the law became effective on January 1, 1978.
Women and War: A Bibliography of Recent Works
Authors: Demers Annette
Published: March 2019

Since the end of the Cold War, a number of regional conflicts worldwide have devastated innocent populations. The conflicts in Rwanda and in the Balkans come to mind as prominent examples. With these developments the literature about women and war has proliferated.
The Changing Constitutional Role of the European Court of Justice
Authors: Cruz Julio Baquero
Published: March 2019

The process through which the founding Treaties of the European Communities came to function and be regarded as a constitution and the role of the Court of Justice in that process are well known. According to a widespread view, the Court would have been the main or even the only actor in the constitutionalization of the Treaties, transforming them into constitutional entities by virtue of some judgments of the 60s and 70s. For many, in those judgments the Court would have been excessively prointegrationist, too audacious, almost “running wild”. At some point, a number of constitutional courts, in particular the German Constitutional Court with its Maastricht decision of 1993, would have voiced their concerns, tracing potential limits to judicially driven integration. As a result, the Court of the 90s would have become wiser, more self-restrained, at times even minimalistic – more like a court and less like an omnipotent legislator or “pouvoir constituent.” With the calling of the European Convention and the drafting of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, the Court would have been more than ever on a second plane, as if constitutional matters had finally returned to the political actors to which they belong.
Federalism and Elections in the Russian Federation: National and Regional Aspects
Authors: Knyazev Sergey D.
Published: March 2019

Russian constitutional principles setting out a federal system and a republican form of government are integral attributes of Russian nationality. It makes it necessary to create an adequate blend of federalism and electoral politics. Accordingly, there is a special interest in the problem of electoral federalism. It implies, together with provisions for the unity of the Russian Federation's electoral system, fundamental principles, and real opportunities for the subjects of the Federation to independently solve problems on organizing and holding elections in their territories. At least, such an approach correlates to federalism and elections at the national and regional levels and is declared in the articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation as well as decisions of the Russian Constitutional Court.
Research Guide to Export Control and WMD Nonproliferation Law
Authors: Luo Wei
Published: March 2019

After World War II, the non-proliferation of weapons of massive destruction (WMD) and the export controls of conventional weapons and civilian and military dual use technologies have been one of the most important focal point of international cooperation. Many international treaties have been signed and the international organizations have been established to promote these non-proliferation and export control efforts. The industrialized countries and the developing countries of China, India, and Pakistan that possess nuclear weapons and missile technologies have also enacted domestic laws and set up administrative regimes to control these goods and technologies from flowing to other countries or undesirable people. Among these countries, the United States has been the leader strongly advocating non-proliferation of WMD and export controls of civilian and military dual use goods. In fact, the United States has established a very sophisticated export control system to prevent its weapons and technologies from going to the hands of any adversaries. Because the complicities and overlaps of international treaties and domestic laws on this topic, it warrants a research guide for would-be researchers to walk through the maze of international and domestic export control regimes.
Organization and Administration of Law Libraries in Nigerian Universities
Authors: Alemika Emily I.
Published: March 2019

Nigeria is a federal state with an estimated population of 120 million, making it the most populous country in Africa. For one hundred years, from 1861 when Lagos was colonized to 1960 when it gained its independence, Nigeria was under British colonial rule. There are about 400 nationalities in the country. In 1914, the Colony of Lagos and the Protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria that had been constituted over time during the colonial enterprise were amalgamated into one single colonial state.
The New Brazilian Civil Code
Authors: Gozzo Débora
Published: March 2019

First of all, I would like to thank Holger Knudsen, a good old friend, for this invitation. It is very important for us Brazilians to get an opportunity to talk about our new Civil Code, since it has been harshly criticized for its bad sides and warmly praised for its good ones. I also would like to thank the Law Librarians’ Discussion Group, which has organized this event, and you for your presence and interest in this subject.
SSRN and Law Journals - Rivals or Allies?†
Authors: Ramsay Ian
Published: March 2019

The author identifies and evaluates the respective merits of publication in law journals and publication on the Social Science Research Network (SSRN) - the largest open access repository for legal scholarship. This evaluation leads to the conclusion that at this stage of the evolution of law journals and SSRN, there are advantages in authors publishing both in journals and on SSRN. However, publication on SSRN can have particular advantages for authors in smaller countries.
From Samuel Pufendorf to the Raoul Wallenberg Institute: Lund University Law School during Three Centuries
Authors: Modéer Kjell Å.
Published: March 2019

The first model is described as the practicing legal profession's House of Intellect. It provides, like a medical school attached to a teaching hospital, not only “basic education and training, but also specialist training, continuing education, basic and applied research and high level consultancy and information services.” Twining comments with an understatement: “In no modern Western country has this model been realised in law.”
How to Conduct Research in French Law
Authors: Atwill Nicole
Published: March 2019

This paper outlines a methodology for handling a research issue in French law and identifies the various sources of that law. Our point of departure is that we are entering a civil law system. Therefore, this paper first briefly addresses the general features of the French law system. It then reviews the printed research tools and finally lists the main legal databases and Internet sites.
International Commercial Arbitration in Australasia
Authors: Dawson Daryl
Published: March 2019

Upon retiring from the High Court of Australia some two years ago, I was propelled, quite willingly, into the world of international commercial arbitration and I must confess that it is a world which has changed completely from the one which I had known previously.
Ireland in Europe: A Legal Perspective
Authors: Regan Eugene
Published: March 2019

The Member States of the European Union have diverse legal traditions explained in part by the dichotomy of common law and civil law systems. Yet notwithstanding this diversity all Member States have adjusted to the new legal order created by the European Community in accepting the primacy of EC law and the legal principles establishing by the European Court of Justice. This paper examines briefly the Irish experience in making that adjustment.
A Legal Information Service for Practitioners
Authors: Dudley Miriam
Published: March 2019

I am now going to transfer you rapidly from the global information service to a locally targeted and focused legal information service designed to meet the particular needs of a small jurisdiction like Northern Ireland.

SLS Legal Publications was established in 1980 as a unique and profoundly innovative experiment in Northern Ireland (N.I.). Its continued existence 20 years later is testament to the fact that it has not only become a success story but is now an integral part of the legal system in Northern Ireland. SLS Legal Publications is a legal publishing and training company based within the Queen's University of Belfast (QUB) and sponsored by the NICS, the Law Society of N.I. and the Bar Council of N.I. QUB's sponsorship takes the form of the provision of accommodation and accounting services. The purpose of SLS is to provide a legal information service in various ways to the Northern Ireland legal profession and the wider community and I will expand on those various ways later in this talk.
Legal Databases in France, Switzerland and Italy
Authors: Bischof Christiane Serkis
Published: March 2019

France started to develop databanks in 1970, in a difficult national situation where initiators from both private and public sectors scattered their efforts in all directions, with different conceptions and techniques.

In 1984, a national policy for the development of computerized legal information was settled with a study and a report named “Rapport Leclerq”.
Sigla Law
Authors: Legrand Pierre
Published: March 2019

The writing of a National Report in preparation for the World Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law involves a paradox. Contrary to what might legitimately be expected, a National Reporter is not asked to engage in any comparative analysis whatsoever. What, then, is the point of a National Report? The answer lies in what an elementary exegetical analysis would suggest: the National Reporter must present the national law on a given topic (or, more accurately, his perception of the national law, for we all know that there is no such thing as the national law). Traditionally, the boundaries of the reporting enterprise have remained confined within these parameters. It is thus left to a General Reporter appointed by the International Academy itself to make sense of the various National Reports on a given topic by bringing them together with a view to eliciting differences and similarities between the legal systems under consideration.
Seksualiteit en moderne antidepressiva
Authors: Waldinger M.D.
Published: March 2019

Alle ruimhartige aandacht van de media ten spijt is seksualiteit in de spreekkamer van de arts nog altijd geen gemakkelijk onderwerp. Bij het gebruik van antidepressiva is het echter van groot belang om dit onderwerp wel aan de orde te stellen. Veel antidepressiva kunnen immers seksuele dysfunctie als bijwerking hebben. Dit kan leiden tot een vermindering van de compliantie, met name bij langdurig gebruik. Meer kennis van de betrokken receptoren kan helpen bij de keuze van een antidepressivum. Dr M.D. Waldinger presenteerde de stand van zaken.
Simultaneously examining negative appraisals, emotion reactivity, and cognitive reactivity in relation to depressive symptoms in children
Authors: Cole David A. , Zelkowitz Rachel L. , Nick Elizabeth A. , Lubarsky Sophia R. , Rights Jason D.
Published: March 2019

Prior theory and research have linked negative appraisals (NA), emotion reactivity (ER), and cognitive reactivity (CR) to depression; however, few studies have examined whether even two of these constructs simultaneously, but none have done so in child or adolescent populations. A total of 571 youths (ages 9–13) completed a novel procedure in which all three constructs were assessed in response to the same personally relevant, hypothetical, peer victimization events. Multilevel modeling enabled the extraction of dynamic, within-person, latent-variable measures of NA, ER, and CR. All three constructs were related to children's depressive symptoms in ways that were commensurate with most (but not all) theoretical frameworks. Gender and age differences also emerged. Support for an NA-predicts-ER-predicts-CR model suggests ways that these constructs can be integrated into a more complete, transtheoretical understanding of the cognitive-emotional substrate of depression in children.
The deteriorating patient representative on a palliative care quality committee: Ethical and practical considerations
Authors: Eastman Peter , Le Brian
Published: March 2019

This case study describes the involvement of a patient representative on a palliative care committee and outlines some of the issues that arose as her health deteriorated. A summary of the increasing involvement of patient representation within health care governance is provided, and some of the challenges raised by the case, many of which may be relatively unique to palliative care, are discussed. It is hoped that presentation of this fairly novel scenario provides other palliative care providers with the opportunity to consider their own processes and practices around managing a similar situation should it occur in their healthcare setting.
Rediscovering the Yellow River and the Yangtze River: the Circulation of Discourses on the North–South Dichotomy between Late Qing China and Meiji Japan
Authors: Chen Fei
Published: March 2019

Many novels, poems, and academic works produced in the last decades of Qing China were characterized by a structure of North–South dichotomy. While existing studies have investigated the root of this narrative structure in Chinese traditions, this article tries to uncover Japan's lesser-known role in the revitalization of traditional discourses. It first discusses how Japanese intellectuals, such as Shiga Shigetaka and Naitō Konan, reconfigured Chinese discourses on the North–South dichotomy as theories to assert Japan's superiority over China. It goes on to examine how Liang Qichao appropriated Japanese theories to mobilize southern Chinese to participate in state politics. It then explores how Chinese revolutionary students in Japan exploited Japanese intellectuals’ and Liang's discourses to promote a cross-provincial consciousness by representing China as a river-based region writ large. Lastly, it reveals how the restructured discourses on the North–South dichotomy were manipulated by revolutionaries after they flowed back to China.
Damit mein Wille auch geschehe – Umsetzung des Patientenwillens mittels Advance Care Planning
Authors: Dörr Bianka
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die aktuellen Entwicklungen hinsichtlich ACP in der Schweiz sind ein wichtiger Schritt, um die Überwindung bestehender Defizite und Schwachpunkte von «traditionellen» Patientenverfügungen in Angriff zu nehmen. Wie die weltweite Forschung gezeigt hat, können die Wünsche und Behandlungspräferenzen von Patienten, die sich aufgrund ihrer Urteilsunfähigkeit nicht mehr selbst zu medizinischen Behandlungsoptionen äussern können, auf diese Weise tatsächlich respektiert und umgesetzt werden.
Geochemical and Geochronological Constraints on the Origin and Emplacement of the East Taiwan Ophiolite
Authors: Lin Chiou‐Ting , Harris Ron , Sun Wei‐Dong , Zhang Guo‐Liang
Published: March 2019

The East Taiwan Ophiolite (ETO) occurs as blocks and thrust sheets associated with the Lichi Mélange in the Coastal Range of eastern Taiwan. The blocks consist of serpentinized harzburgite, serpentinite breccia, gabbro, dikes of dolerite and plagiogranite, pillow basalts, and red clay within a mud‐ and serpentinite‐rich mélange matrix. New U‐Pb zircon dating of a pegmatite gabbro yields a weighted mean age of 16.65 ± 0.20 Ma. This age is earlier than the North Luzon Arc but overlaps with the late‐stage spreading of the South China Sea. ETO glassy basalt has low K2O, MgO and high CaO contents, similar to MORB. REE and trace element patterns show both N‐MORB patterns with LREE depletion and E‐MORB patterns with slight LREE enrichment. A few samples show slight depletion in Nb‐Ta and Ti and enrichment in Rb, Ba, U and Sr, indicating a hint of subduction influence. Most ETO basalt plots within the overlapping fields of N‐MORB and BABB on Ti‐V, Cr‐Y, Nb/Yb‐Th/Yb, and Hf/3‐Th‐Ta discrimination diagrams. These geochemical compositions are emblematic of mid‐ocean ridge or back‐arc lava, like South China Sea basalt. We interpret ETO basalt and gabbro as fragments of the subducted South China Sea basement that were scrapped off and accreted to the Luzon forearc during the process of subduction initiation along the Manila Trench. Blocks of mantle material in the mélange may originate from the upper plate of the arc‐continent collision and were mixed with lower plate crustal material in a subduction channel now represented by the Lichi Mélange.
Effect of Dust Storm and GCR Impact on the Production Rate of O3+ in MY 28 and MY 29: Modeling and SPICAM Observation
Authors: Haider S. A. , Siddhi Y. S. , Masoom J. , Bougher S.
Published: March 2019

We have developed a seasonally dependent energy loss model to calculate the zonally averaged production rates of O3+ due to impact of galactic cosmic rays in the dayside troposphere of Mars between solar longitudes (Ls) ~0° and 360° at low latitudes (2°N, 2°S, 25°N, and 25°S), midlatitudes (45°N and 45°S), and high latitudes (70°N and 70°S) in the Martian Year (MY) 28 and MY 29. We also represent the seasonal variability of zonally averaged ozone column density obtained from Mars Climate Database (MCD; Millour et al., 2014, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01139592) during the daytime. These results are compared with the daytime observations of column ozone made by Spectroscopy for the Investigation of the Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Mars onboard Mars Express (MEX). At mid‐to‐high latitudes ozone column density is maximum in northern winter and minimum in southern summer. At low‐to‐middle latitudes (2°N–S, 25°N–S, and 45°N–S), the production rates of O3+ represent a broad peak between altitudes 26 and 45 km in both hemispheres. The peak production rates are increasing up to Ls = 47.5° and then stabilized at about 2.5 × 10−8 cm−3/s. At Ls ≥ 47.5° the peak production rate of O3+ starts decreasing until it disappeared after Ls = 127.5°. A major dust storm occurred in MY 28 at Ls~280° in southern latitudes (~25°–35°S). During the dust storm period, dust opacity, ozone column density, and O3+ production rate on the surface of Mars were increased by a factor of ~3.
Regulatory roles of miR-22/Redd1-mediated mitochondrial ROS and cellular autophagy in ionizing radiation-induced BMSC injury
Authors: Liu Zhonglong , Li Tao , Zhu Fengshuo , Deng Si’nan , Li Xiaoguang , He Yue
Published: March 2019

Ionizing radiation (IR) response has been extensively investigated in BMSCs with an increasing consensus that this type of cells showed relative radiosensitivity in vitro analysis. However, the underlying mechanism of IR-induced injury of BMSCs has not been elucidated. In current study, the regulatory role of miR-22/Redd1 pathway-mediated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular autophagy in IR-induced apoptosis of BMSCs was determined. IR facilitated the generation and accumulation of mitochondrial ROS, which promoted IR-induced apoptosis in BMSCs; meanwhile, cellular autophagy activated by IR hold a prohibitive role on the apoptosis program. The expression of miR-22 significantly increased in BMSCs after IR exposure within 24 h. Overexpression of miR-22 evidently accelerated IR-induced accumulation of mitochondrial ROS, whereas attenuated IR stimulated cellular autophagy, thus advancing cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, we verified Redd1 as a novel target for miR-22 in rat genome. Redd1 overexpression attenuated the regulatory role of miR-22 on mitochondrial ROS generation and alleviated the inhibitive role of miR-22 on cell autophagy activated by IR, thus protecting BMSCs from miR-22-mediated cell injury induced by IR exposure. These results confirmed the role of miR-22/Redd1 pathway in the regulation of IR-induced mitochondrial ROS and cellular autophagy, and subsequent cellular apoptosis.
Chromium ion removal from raw water by magnetic iron composites and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
Authors: Wu Huiqing , Wu Qingping , Zhang Jumei , Gu Qihui , Wei Linting , Guo Weipeng , He Minhong
Published: March 2019

In this study, nanoiron active carbon composites (NZVI/GAC) were used to remove chromium ions from raw water. The composites were synthesized from a novel formula of biological activated carbon and characterized by various techniques. The adsorption test data were fit by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model. The qe and R2 values were 187 mg Cr/g and 0.9960, respectively, with 0.2 g/L NZVI/GAC at an initial concentration of 118 mg/L Cr according to the Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, a Cr6+ detoxification reactor was constructed with the magnetic iron composite. The results indicated that the synthesized magnetic iron composite was a significant adsorbent for Cr6+ removal from aqueous solutions. The detoxification reactor was able to remove Cr6+ from raw water at an initial concentration of 26.5 mg/L within a short time period (3–5 min), with a removal efficiency of up to 99.90% and a treatment capacity of 45.0 mg Cr6+/g of adsorbent; the Cr6+ concentrations in the outflow met the GB5749–2006 requirements for drinking water. A synergistic effect between NZVI/GAC and a suspension of the bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was found, showing that this bacterium can be used as a regeneration agent for iron-depleted activated carbon materials.
WS2 Nano-petals and Nano-bristles Supported on Carbon Nanotubes for Electron Emission Applications
Authors: Loh Tamie A. J. , Ooi Ying Jie , Chua Daniel H. C.
Published: March 2019

Atomically thin WS2 nano-petals and nano-bristles were synthesized on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) via magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The formation of the nano-petal morphology requires reaching a critical threshold in sputter deposition time, below which an amorphous film of WO3 is obtained instead. Increasing the deposition time past a second threshold results in a change to the nano-bristle morphology. Both WS2 nano-petals and nano-bristles were able to significantly enhance the electron emission of properties. The lowest turn-on voltage measured was to be 295 V and 355 V for the nano-petals and nano-bristles respectively, versus 425 V for pristine CNTs. The variation in the turn-on voltage is due to the electrical contacts at the interface between the different WS2 structures, which induces current saturation at high emission currents. These results demonstrate that 2D WS2 layers can be synthesized without the need for chemical routes and high growth temperatures if an appropriate template is employed.
Global computational mutagenesis of domain structures associated with inherited eye disease
Authors: Ortiz Francisca Wood , Sergeev Yuri V.
Published: March 2019

Multidomain proteins account for 70% of the eukaryotic proteome. In genetic disease, multidomain proteins are often affected by numerous mutations, but the effects of these mutations on protein stability and their roles in genetic disease are not well understood. Here, we analyzed protein globular domains to understand how genetic mutations affect the stability of multidomain proteins in inherited disease. In total, 291 domain atomic structures from nine multidomain proteins were modeled by homology, equilibrated using molecular dynamics in water, and subjected to global computational mutagenesis. The domains were separated into 7 groups based on protein fold homology. Mutation propensities within each group of domains were then averaged to select residues critical for domain fold stability. The consensus derived from the sequence alignment shows that the critical residues determined by global mutagenesis are conserved within each group. From this analysis, we concluded that 80% of known disease-related genetic variants are associated with critical residues and are expected to have significant destabilizing effects on domain structure. Our work provides an in silico quantification of protein stability and could help to analyze the complex relationship among missense mutations, multidomain protein stability, and disease phenotypes in inherited eye disease.
PARP1 is a versatile factor in the regulation of mRNA stability and decay
Authors: Matveeva Elena A. , Mathbout Lein F. , Fondufe-Mittendorf Yvonne N.
Published: March 2019

PARP1 is an abundant nuclear protein with many pleiotropic functions involved in epigenetic and transcriptional controls. Abundance of mRNA depends on the balance between synthesis and decay of a particular transcript. PARP1 binds RNA and its depletion results in increased expression of genes involved in nonsense-mediated decay, suggesting that PARP1 might be involved in mRNA stability. This is of interest considering RNA binding proteins play key roles in post-transcriptional processes in all eukaryotes. We tested the direct impact of PARP1 and PARylation on mRNA stability and decay. By measuring the half-lives of two PARP1-mRNA targets we found that the half-lives were significantly decreased in PARP1-depleted cells. PARP1 depletion impacted both the synthesis of nascent mRNA and the stability of mature mRNAs. PARylation impacted the production of nascent mRNA and the stability of mature mRNA, albeit to a lesser extent than PARP1 KD. PARylation enhanced the impact of PARP1 depletion. These studies provide the first direct comparative role of PARP1 and PARylation in RNA stability and decay, adding a new dimension as to how PARP1 regulates gene expression. These studies present a platform to begin to tease out the influence of PARP1 at each step of RNA biogenesis and decay to fine-tune gene expression.
Development and Application of InDel Markers for Capsicum spp. Based on Whole-Genome Re-Sequencing
Authors: Guo Guangjun , Zhang Genlian , Pan Baogui , Diao Weiping , Liu Jinbing , Ge Wei , Gao Changzhou , Zhang Yong , Jiang Cheng , Wang Shubin
Published: March 2019

Genome-wide identification of Insertion/Deletion polymorphisms (InDels) inCapsicumspp. was performed through comparing whole-genome re-sequencing data from twoCapsicumaccessions,C. annuumcv. G29 andC. frutescens cv. PBC688, with the reference genome sequence ofC. annuumcv. CM334. In total, we identified 1,664,770 InDels between CM334 and PBC688, 533,523 between CM334 and G29, and 1,651,856 between PBC688 and G29. From these InDels, 1605 markers of 3–49 bp in length difference between PBC688 and G29 were selected for experimental validation: 1262 (78.6%) showed polymorphisms, 90 (5.6%) failed to amplify, and 298 (18.6%) were monomorphic. For further validation of these InDels, 288 markers were screened across five accessions representing five domesticated species. Of these assayed markers, 194 (67.4%) were polymorphic, 87 (30.2%) monomorphic and 7 (2.4%) failed. We developed three interspecific InDels, which associated with three genes and showed specific amplification in five domesticated species and clearly differentiated the interspecific hybrids. Thus, our novel PCR-based InDel markers provide high application value in germplasm classification, genetic research and marker-assisted breeding inCapsicumspecies.
Effect of FeCoNiCrCu0.5 High-entropy-alloy Substrate on Sn Grain Size in Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder
Authors: Shen Yu-An , Lin Chun-Ming , Li Jiahui , He Siliang , Nishikawa Hiroshi
Published: March 2019

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are well known for their excellent high-temperature stability, mechanical properties, and promising resistance against oxidation and corrosion. However, their low-temperature applications are rarely studied, particularly in electronic packaging. In this study, the interfacial reaction between a Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder and FeCoNiCrCu0.5 HEA substrate was investigated. (Cu0.76, Ni0.24)6Sn5 intermetallic compound was formed the substrate at the interface between the solder and the FeCoNiCrCu0.5 HEA substrate. The average Sn grain size on the HEA substrate was 246 μm, which was considerably larger than that on a pure Cu substrate. The effect of the substrate on Sn grain size is due to the free energy required for the heterogeneous nucleation of Sn on the FeCoNiCrCu0.5 substrate.
Raman-assisted broadband mode-locked laser
Authors: Kimura Shota , Tani Shuntaro , Kobayashi Yohei
Published: March 2019

The pulse duration that is available from femtosecond mode-locked lasers is limited by the emission bandwidth of the laser crystals used. Considerable efforts have been made to broaden the emission gain bandwidth in these lasers over the past five decades. To break through this limitation, intracavity spectral broadening is required. Here, we propose a new spectral broadening method inside the mode-locked cavity based on use of stimulated Raman scattering and demonstrate significant pulse shortening using this method. We configured Kerr-lens mode-locked lasers based on Yb:CaGdAlO4, Yb:KY(WO4)2 and Yb:Y2O3 materials and achieved significant spectral broadening that exceeds the emission bandwidth. The spectral broadening in the Yb:CaGdAlO4 oscillator shortens the pulse duration to 22 fs, which is a one-third of the duration of our unbroadened mode-locked pulse. The results presented here indicate that Raman-assisted spectral broadening can break the limitations of the emission gain bandwidth and shorten the duration of pulses from femtosecond mode-locked lasers.
Depression-like state behavioural outputs may confer beneficial outcomes in risky environments
Authors: Vindas Marco A. , Helland-Riise Siri H. , Nilsson Göran E. , Øverli Øyvind
Published: March 2019

Recent theories in evolutionary medicine have suggested that behavioural outputs associated with depression-like states (DLS) could be an adaptation to unpredictable and precarious situations. In animal models, DLS are often linked to diverse and unpredictable stressors or adverse experiences. Theoretically, there are a range of potential fitness benefits associated with behavioural inhibition (typical to DLS), as opposed to more active/aggressive responses to adverse or uncontrollable events. This stance of evolutionary medicine has to our knowledge not been tested empirically. Here we address a possible key benefit of behavioural inhibition in a comparative model for social stress (territorial rainbow trout). By treating fish with the fast-acting antidepressant ketamine, we reversed the behavioural inhibition (i.e. stimulated an increase in activity level) in subordinate fish. During confrontation with a previously unfamiliar larger, aggressive and dominant individual, this increase in activity led to higher amounts of received aggression compared to sham-treated subordinates. This suggests that the behavioural inhibition characterizing animal models of DLS is indeed an effective coping strategy that reduces the risk of injuries in vulnerable social situations.
Comparison of ROTEM parameters from venous and intraosseous blood
Authors: Wiegele Marion , Hamp Thomas , Gratz Johannes , Pablik Eleonore , Schaden Eva
Published: March 2019

Rotational thromboelastometry is recommended to guide haemostatic therapy in trauma-related coagulopathy. In the case of unsuccessful venepuncture, intraosseous access allows immediate administration of drugs and volume replacement. Feasibility of rotational thromboelastometry from intraosseous blood has not yet been investigated in humans. We performed rotational thromboelastometry and standard coagulation assays from intraosseous and intravenous blood samples in 19 volunteers and 4 patients undergoing general anaesthesia. Intraosseous access was performed either at the tibial bone or the proximal humerus. We observed visible clotting in the majority of the intraosseous samples. Only 13% of the probes allowed realization of rotational thromboelastometry. ROTEM parameters are reported as follows: shorter median clotting time (CT) in EXTEM, INTEM, and APTEM (53 vs. 68 s; 140 vs. 154 s; 54 vs. 62.5 s) and smaller median maximal clot firmness (MCF) in EXTEM and APTEM (56 vs. 63 mm; 55 vs. 62 mm) in intraosseous samples. We found no relevant differences in median MCF values in FIBTEM and INTEM (12 vs. 13 mm; 60 vs. 59 mm). Given the difficulties we faced during IO blood sampling in a study setting, we advise against ROTEM measurements out of IO blood for guidance of procoagulant therapy in emergency situations.
Alignment-free method for DNA sequence clustering using Fuzzy integral similarity
Authors: Saw Ajay Kumar , Raj Garima , Das Manashi , Talukdar Narayan Chandra , Tripathy Binod Chandra , Nandi Soumyadeep
Published: March 2019

A larger amount of sequence data in private and public databases produced by next-generation sequencing put new challenges due to limitation associated with the alignment-based method for sequence comparison. So, there is a high need for faster sequence analysis algorithms. In this study, we developed an alignment-free algorithm for faster sequence analysis. The novelty of our approach is the inclusion of fuzzy integral with Markov chain for sequence analysis in the alignment-free model. The method estimate the parameters of a Markov chain by considering the frequencies of occurrence of all possible nucleotide pairs from each DNA sequence. These estimated Markov chain parameters were used to calculate similarity among all pairwise combinations of DNA sequences based on a fuzzy integral algorithm. This matrix is used as an input for the neighbor program in the PHYLIP package for phylogenetic tree construction. Our method was tested on eight benchmark datasets and on in-house generated datasets (18 s rDNA sequences from 11 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and 16 s rDNA sequences of 40 bacterial isolates from plant interior). The results indicate that the fuzzy integral algorithm is an efficient and feasible alignment-free method for sequence analysis on the genomic scale.
Halogen and hydrogen bonding-driven self-assembly of supramolecular macrocycles and double helices from hydrogen-bonded arylamide foldamers
Authors: Koppireddi Satish , Liu Chuan-Zhi , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan-Wei , Li Zhan-Ting
Published: March 2019

Halogen bonding has been used to hold hydrogen bonded short aromatic amide foldamers to form 2 + 2 or 1 + 1 macrocycles.
Polymer-assisted drug sequestration from plasma protein by a surfactant with curtailed denaturing capacity
Authors: Mora Aruna K. , Basu Arghyadeep , Kalel Rahul , Nath Sukhendu
Published: March 2019

We have demonstrated that the drug sequestration power of cationic surfactant is enhanced and its protein denaturing capability is suppressed significantly through its incorporation in bio-compatible Pluronic micelles.
Computational microscopy study of the granular structure and pH dependence of PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Modarresi Mohsen , Franco-Gonzalez Juan Felipe , Zozoulenko Igor
Published: March 2019

A coarse grained molecular dynamics simulation for the morphology of PEDOT:PSS at different pH.
Turing patterns on radially growing domains: experiments and simulations
Authors: Konow Christopher , Somberg Noah H. , Chavez Jocelyne , Epstein Irving R. , Dolnik Milos
Published: March 2019

Our study reports three distinct modes of Turing pattern growth, which depend on the radial growth rate of the system.
Exploring ultraviolet photoinduced charge-transfer dynamics in a model dinucleotide of guanine and thymine
Authors: Duchi Marta , O’Hagan Michael P. , Kumar Rhea , Bennie Simon J. , Galan M. Carmen , Curchod Basile F. E. , Oliver Thomas A. A.
Published: March 2019

We unequivocally demonstrate that the Franck–Condon excited states of 2′-deoxyguanosine 3′-monophospate 5′-thymidine are significantly delocalised across both nucleobases, and mediate ultrafast exciplex product formation.
Ionic-to-electronic current amplification in hybrid perovskite solar cells: ionically gated transistor-interface circuit model explains hysteresis and impedance of mixed conducting devices
Authors: Moia Davide , Gelmetti Ilario , Calado Phil , Fisher William , Stringer Michael , Game Onkar , Hu Yinghong , Docampo Pablo , Lidzey David , Palomares Emilio , Nelson Jenny , Barnes Piers R. F.
Published: March 2019

Interfacial-transistor circuit model couples electronic charge transfer to mobile ions.
Ion transport in polymeric ionic liquids: recent developments and open questions
Authors: Ganesan Venkat
Published: March 2019

Recent developments and outstanding questions in the context of charge transport mechanisms in polymeric ionic liquids are highlighted.
Structural dependence of the optical properties of narrow band gap thiophene–thiadiazoloquinoxaline derivatives and their application in organic photovoltaic cells
Authors: Costa Cristiana , Farinhas Joana , Avó João , Morgado Jorge , Galvão Adelino M. , Charas Ana
Published: March 2019

The structural causes for NIR absorption bands on new [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline derivatives were determined on the basis of DFT calculations and organic photovoltaic cells incorporating the new compounds were fabricated.
Self-organization of cholesterol-side-chain liquid crystalline polymers by tailoring the main chain structure and flexible spacer length
Authors: Yang Xiwen , Chen Shaonan , Luo Hang , Xu Haoran , Chen Sheng
Published: March 2019

Liquid crystal polymers with cholesterol side-chains formed different smectic A phases under the influence of the main-chain structure and flexible spacer length.
Catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) reaction-enabled total synthesis of indole-based natural products
Authors: Zheng Chao , You Shu-Li
Published: March 2019

The recent enantioselective total syntheses of natural products enabled by catalytic asymmetric dearomatization reactions of indole derivatives are presented.
Synthesis and evaluation of PVDF–MgTiO3 polymer–ceramic composites for low-k dielectric applications
Authors: Bharath R. Sundararam , Chakraborthy Tirthankar , Nhalil Hariharan , Masin B. , Ashok K. , Sreemoolanadhan H. , Oommen Charlie , Elizabeth Suja
Published: March 2019

A mechanically robust, novel sandwich architecture with intriguing electrical properties and tunable dielectric properties as a function of MgTiO3 loading within the PVDF matrix was fabricated.
Formation of DY center as n-type limiting defects in octahedral semiconductors: the case of Bi-doped hybrid halide perovskites
Authors: Li Jin-Ling , Yang Jingxiu , Wu Tom , Wei Su-Huai
Published: March 2019

As the DX center in tetrahedral semiconductors, we show that the DY center is an n-type limiting defect in octahedral semiconductors.
Synthesis of fluorescent tungsten disulfide by nitrogen atom doping and its application for mercury(ii) detection
Authors: Li Xiao , Liu Jing , Gong Xin , Qing Taiping , Zhang Peng , Feng Bo
Published: March 2019

A facile and eco-friendly approach for synthesizing fluorescent tungsten disulfide nanosheets was developed via nitrogen atom doping using melamine as the nitrogen source. The applicability of this ultraviolet emissive tungsten disulfide as an optical nano probe for mercury(ii) detection was testified.
Visualizing the down-regulation of hTERT mRNA expression using gold-nanoflare probes and verifying the correlation with cancer cell apoptosis
Authors: Sun Hongxiao , Hong Min , Yang Qiangqiang , Li Chuan , Zhang Guangzhi , Yue Qiaoli , Ma Yanhua , Li Xia , Li Chen-Zhong
Published: March 2019

A locked nucleic acid-functionalized gold nanoparticle flare probe was designed to achieve in situ monitoring and regulating intracellular hTERT mRNA which also induced the apoptosis of cancer cells.
Differentiating the mechanism of self-assembly in supramolecular polymers through computation
Authors: Korlepara Divya B. , Henderson Will R. , Castellano Ronald K. , Balasubramanian Sundaram
Published: March 2019

The mechanism by which monomers in solution, beyond a certain concentration or below a certain temperature, self-assemble to form one dimensional supramolecular polymers determines much of the bulk properties of the polymer.
General and selective syn-carboxylation-trifluoromethylation of terminal alkynes: application to the late-stage modification of dehydrocholic acid
Authors: Zhang Song-Lin , Xiao Chang , Wan Hai-Xing , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: March 2019

A general and selective syn-carboxylation-trifluoromethylation across the triple bond of terminal alkynes is developed by virtue of a reactive Cu(iii)–CF3 complex, which produces a broad range of biologically active trifluoromethylated enol esters with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity.
Ammonia flux tailoring on the quality of AlN epilayers grown by pulsed atomic-layer epitaxy techniques on (0 0 0 1)-oriented sapphire substrates via MOCVD
Authors: Abd Rahman Mohd Nazri , Talik Noor Azrina , Abdul Khudus Muhammad I. M. , Sulaiman Abdullah Fadil , Allif Kamarul , Zahir Norhilmi Mohd , Shuhaimi Ahmad
Published: March 2019

A smooth and dense single-crystalline AlN was successfully grown by tailoring the flux density of ammonia.
Photophysical properties of structural isomers of homoleptic Ir-complexes derived from xylenyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene ligands
Authors: Yun Bo-Sun , Kim Jin-Hyoung , Kim So-Yoen , Son Ho-Jin , Cho Dae Won , Kang Sang Ook
Published: March 2019

The xylenyl substituent causes a structural distortion in the excited triplet state, which is the most influential deactivation pathway to reduce the emission intensity.
Mechanisms of fluorescence quenching in prototypical aggregation-induced emission systems: excited state dynamics with TD-DFTB
Authors: Tran Thierry , Prlj Antonio , Lin Kun-Han , Hollas Daniel , Corminboeuf Clémence
Published: March 2019

A recent implementation of time-dependent tight-binding density functional theory is employed in excited state molecular dynamics for the investigation of the fluorescence quenching mechanism in 3 prototypical aggregation-induced emission systems.
A low temperature investigation of the N(2D) + CH4, C2H6 and C3H8 reactions
Authors: Nuñez-Reyes Dianailys , Loison Jean-Christophe , Hickson Kevin M. , Dobrijevic Michel
Published: March 2019

Low temperature rate constants for the N(2D) + C2H6, C3H8 reactions are shown to be much smaller than previously thought.
Ag NPs decorated on a COF in the presence of DBU as an efficient catalytic system for the synthesis of tetramic acids via CO2 fixation into propargylic amines at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Ghosh Swarbhanu , Molla Rostam Ali , Kayal Utpal , Bhaumik Asim , Islam Sk. Manirul
Published: March 2019

Ag NPs are decorated at the surface of a COF material TpPa-1 and the resulting Ag@TpPa-1 catalyzes efficiently for the synthesis of tetramic acids from a variety of propargylic amines using CO2 as reagent.