bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Particle pair statistics of inertial particles at small separation using stereoscopic particle tracking
Authors: Hoffman Davis W. , Eaton John K.
Published: September 2021

Particle pair statistics of inertial particles having average Stokes numbers of 2.1 and 14 are measured in isotropic turbulence at a Reynolds number of Reλ = 240. The radial distribution function (RDF) and mean relative approach velocity are obtained at small separation distances using 2-frame stereoscopic particle tracking velocimetry (stereo-PTV). At small separation distance, the RDF varies by an order of magnitude in the range of Stokes numbers investigated. However, the mean relative approach velocity is found to have a weak dependence on Stokes number. The results are shown to have high accuracy when compared to analogous mono-PTV datasets, and can be used to provide a more reliable estimate of the inter-particle collision rate. The main limitation of the measurement is observed at separation distances less than the laser sheet thickness, where the technique tended to underestimate the mean relative approach velocity.
Dense flow field interpolations from PTV data in the presence of generic solid boundaries
Authors: Cakir Bora Orcun , Sciacchitano Andrea , Gonzalez Saiz Gabriel , Van Oudheusden Bas
Published: September 2021

Three-dimensional flow measurements by Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) provide scattered flow information, that often needs to be interpolated onto a regular grid. Therefore, the use of experimental data assimilation approaches such as VIC+ (Schneiders and Scarano, 2016) were proposed to enhance the instantaneously available spatial resolution limits beyond that of the PTV measurements. Nevertheless, there exists no prior attempt to perform the data assimilation when the flow is in direct contact with physical objects. Thus, in order to handle generic solid body intrusions within the flow fields of VIC+ application, the utilization of Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian and immersed boundary treatment approaches of the computational fluid-structure interaction (FSI) frameworks are proposed. The introduced variants over the standard VIC+ are assessed with a high fidelity numerical test case of flow over periodic hills. The accuracy superiority of the flow field reconstructions with the proposed approaches are denoted especially in close proximity of the interaction surface. An experimental application of the introduced methods is demonstrated to compute the pressure distribution over an unsteadily moving elastic membrane surface, revealing the time-resolved interaction between the flow structures and the membrane deformations.
Tomographic PIV measurement of a re-entrant jet in a cavitating venturi
Authors: Gawandalkar Udhav Ulhas , Poelma Christian
Published: September 2021

Partial cavitation occurs when low-pressure regions caused by separated shear layers are filled with vapours. Partial cavitation is inherently unsteady and leads to periodic cloud shedding. The periodically generated re-entrant jet travelling beneath the vapour cavity is considered as one of the mechanisms responsible for the periodic cloud shedding (Callenaere et al. (2001)). However, the exact physical mechanism that drives the shedding remains unclear. The re-entrant flow exists as a thin liquid film wedged between the wall and the vapour cavity. The flow in this thin film is generally assumed to move with the same order of magnitude as the bulk flow, yet in the opposite direction. There have been several attempts to measure the velocity of the re-entrant flow to get insight into the physics of re-entrant flow and its contribution to cloud shedding. However, the flow topology of the re-entrant jet poses a major challenge to experimentally study it. The unsteady nature of the flow and the opacity of the cavitation cloud adds to the further complexity. In this work, we show that tomographic PIV (Elsinga et al. (2006)) can be extended to exploit the flow topology to accurately measure the velocity and thickness of the re-entrant flow. This in turn provides better insight into the role of re-entrant flow in periodic cloud shedding.
Error propagation dynamics of PIV-based pressure field calculation (3): What is the minimum resolvable pressure in a reconstructed field?
Authors: Pan Zhao , Whitehead Jarad P. , Rechards Geordie , Smith Barton L.
Published: September 2021

An analytical framework for the propagation of velocity errors into PIV-based pressure calculation is established. Based on this framework, the optimal spatial resolution and the corresponding minimum field-wide error level in the calculated pressure field are estimated. This minimum error is viewed as the smallest resolvable pressure. We find that the optimal spatial resolution is a function of the flow features, geometry of the flow domain, and the type of the boundary conditions, in addition to the error in the PIV experiments, making a general statement about pressure sensitivity is difficult. The minimum resolvable pressure is affected by competing effects from the experimental error due to PIV and the truncation error from the numerical solver. This means that PIV experiments motivated by pressure measurements must be carefully designed so that the optimal resolution (or close to the optimal resolution) is used. Flows (Re=1.27 × 104 and 5×104) with exact solutions are used as examples to validate the theoretical predictions of the optimal spatial resolutions and pressure sensitivity. The numerical experimental results agree well with the analytical predictions.
Flow field of impinging sweeping jets
Authors: Paolillo Gerardo , Greco Carlo Salvatore , Cardone Gennaro , Astarita Tommaso
Published: September 2021

Sweeping jets are oscillating jets generated by fluidic oscillators, i.e., devices designed to produce an oscillation of the flow without the use of any moving parts (Raghu, 2013). A typical configuration of such devices consists of an expansion chamber connected to a high-pressure supply via a converging nozzle and provided with feedback channels. The oscillating motion in the expansion chamber is triggered by an inherent flow instability and sustained by the flow rate across the feedback channels. Recently, sweeping jets have been studied in flow control applications for noise reduction, separation and circulation control over airfoils, control of resonant cavity oscillations and deflection of jets. The advantageous features of fluidic actuators, among which are the wide range of operating frequencies (up to kHz with meso-scale) and the distributed momentum addition, have also stimulated an increasing interest in their application to electronics cooling. Several recent studies on the convective heat transfer from impinging sweeping jets (e.g., Hossain et al., 2018; Park et al., 2018) have shown that, compared to conventional round jets, they offer higher cooling rates with better uniformity at least for small jet-to-plate spacings.
Effect of the boundary conditions, temporal, and spatial resolution on the pressure from PIV for an oscillating flow
Authors: Sakib Nazmus , Mychkovsky Alexander , Wiswall James , Samaroo Randy , Smith Barton
Published: September 2021

The pressure field of an impinging synthetic jet has been computed from time-resolved, three-dimensional, three-component (3D-3C) particle image velocimetry (PIV) velocity field data using a Poisson equationbased pressure solver. The pressure solver used in this work can take advantage of the temporal derivative of the pressure to enhance the temporal coherence of the calculated pressure field for time-resolved velocity data. The reconstructed pressure field shows sensitivity to the implementation of the boundary conditions, as well as to the spatial and temporal resolution of the PIV data. The pressure from a 3D Poisson solver that does not consider the temporal derivative of the pressure shows high random error. Invoking the temporal derivative of the pressure eliminates this high-frequency noise, however, the calculated pressure exhibits an unphysical temporal drift. This temporal drift is affected by both the temporal resolution of the PIV data and the spatial resolution of the PIV vector field, which was systematically evaluated by downsampling the instantaneous data and increasing the interrogation window size. It was observed that decreasing the temporal resolution increased the drift, while decreasing the spatial resolution decreased the drift.
Utilization of direct forcing immersed boundary methods for the optimization of inertial focusing microfluidics
Authors: Giolando Patrick , Ma Hui , Kinzer-Ursem Tamara , Wereley Steve
Published: September 2021

Inertial focusing microfluidics have gained significant momentum in the last decade for their ability to separate and filter mixtures of particles and cells based on size [1-3]. However, the most important feature is that the separation is passive, without the need for external forces. At the heart of inertial focusing is the balance between counteracting lift forces: shear and wallinduced lift. Shear-induced lift is a product of the curvature of the fluid flow and the rotation of the particle in the flow, while wall-induced lift is generated by the disturbance of the fluid by the particle near a wall. This phenomenon was first observed by Segre and Silberberg for the focusing of particles in a pipe, and was later extended to the focusing of cells and particle in rectangular channels [4]. Taking advantage of inertial focusing we explore particle capture utilizing an expanded channel microfluidics chip design. By expanding a small region of the straight channel microvortices form in the well, which allows for size selective trapping of particles.
Infrared Quantitative Imaging Technique (IR-QIV) for Remote Sensing of River Flows
Authors: Cowen Edwin Alfred , Schweitzer Seth Avram
Published: September 2021

Stage and discharge are some of the oldest measurements in environmental fluid mechanics and are vital in forecasting water supply and flood safety. These measurements are traditionally manpower intensive, hence expensive, and dangerous under high flow conditions. Considering climate change and the planet’s increasing population there is a critical need for better, more accurate, and frequent, in space and time, data for model and forecast guidance. This need spans monitoring small-scale turbulent processes to calibrating and nudging continental scale river dynamics models. Driven by applications from river gaging networks to fish behavior modeling to flood and erosion forecasting, and more generally, the near-shore environment of lakes, estuaries and the coasts, remote sensing with quantitative imaging tools is a rapidly expanding field. Such tools can be deployed from fixed platforms, drones, planes and satellites with valuable information contained within the visible to infrared spectral bands.
3D Particle Tracking Velocimetry applied to droplets generated by breaking waves
Authors: RAMIREZ DE LA TORRE Reyna Guadalupe , Jensen Atle
Published: September 2021

One of the environmental difficulties of exploring the polar regions is marine icing. The understanding of this phenomenon is important for the safety of installations, ships and people that operates in these environments. One of the main sources of marine icing is wave breaking. Therefore, experimental and field work has been conducted to understand the break-up of waves in different situations and some explanation have been proposed to the instabilities that create the spray formation. In this work, two different situations of wave breaking were studied: 1. Solitary waves were created and steepened by the use of a beach. The waves impacted on a vertical wall with different wall heights. 2. Violent plunging breakers were created by a focusing wave train and a sloping beach. The main objective of these experiments was to quantify the production of droplets from the impact by using Particle Tracking Velocimetry in 3 dimensions. It was found that the initial distribution of droplet sizes is similar in both experiments. These distributions are compared with previous studies, where the distribution of droplet sizes in different experimental cases were approximated by lognormal, Weibull or G-distributions respectively.
Identifying Destination Attractiveness of Kuala Terengganu Perceived by Domestic Tourist
Authors: Ghani Nur Izzati Ab , Nasir Muhamad Nasyat Muhamad , Nor Zanariah Mohd , Yahya Raja Noor Syuhaida Raja , Ramli Rafazila , Muhammad Norhilmi , Karim Fazida
Published: September 2021

The mission of Terengganu Tourism Department is to attract and increase tourists so that they will spend on the increased attractiveness and delivery of high-quality services, create an unforgettable experience, and make Terengganu a great destination. However, the last statistics proved that Terengganu is among the states that received a small number of domestic tourists, including tourism receipts, as compared to other states. Terengganu was ranked in the ninth place of visited domestic tourists and receipts in 2018. Therefore, this study aims to identify the underlying factors of destination attractiveness of Kuala Terengganu: assuring that the advertising strategies will use the best strategy which has been formulated to attract the groups of domestics’ tourists to visit Kuala Terengganu. Data collection has been carried out using a Google Forms online questionnaire. A total of 90 respondents who had experience visiting Kuala Terengganu were involved in this study. The method of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) divided destination attractiveness construct into three factors namely 1) recreation, leisure and amenities; 2) accessible and; 3) attractions. The findings of this study are very useful to marketing practitioners in designing promotional campaigns of destination attractiveness towards Kuala Terengganu.
Proximate Compositions and Risk Assessment of Lead in Two Common Fishes (Labeo rohita and Barbonymus gonionotus) Collected from River and Farms of Bagerhat, Bangladesh
Authors: Khan M.A.R. , Islam M.S. , Mamun M.S.A.
Published: September 2021

Background: Among the local fish species in Bangladesh, Labeo rohita and Barbonymus gonionotus are two popular fish species. The present work focused on proximate compositions (moisture, protein, fat, and ash) and risk assessment of lead in two common fishes (L. rohita and B. gonionotus) collected from river and farms of Bagerhat, Bangladesh. Furthermore, effect of freezing condition on fish lipid was studied. 
Methods: Proximate compositions of the fish samples were determined according to conventional methods. The lead contents were analyzed by wet digestion method using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The health risks models such as Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Target Cancer Risk (TCR) were conducted for health risk assessment of the local people. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16.0).  
Results: A positive correlation was found between moisture-protein and lipid-ash of the L. rohita fish. Besides, a positive relation was observed in ash-moisture, and lipid-protein for B. gonionotus. The lead content in river L. rohita, farm L. rohita, river B. gonionotus, and farm B. gonionotus was observed as 9.00, 9.20, 8.29, and 6.39 mg/kg, respectively. The lead content found in the fish species were above the permissible limit. The TCR revealed the carcinogenic effects to the local people due to exposure of lead.
Conclusion: This study reflects some data about proximate values of L. rohita and B. gonionotus fishes. The concentrations of lead in the fish samples were above the safe limits, and may have carcinogenic effects of the local consumers in Bagerhat, Bangladesh.
Knowledge and Attitude of Consumers about Natural Food Toxins: A Case of Tertiary Students in the Volta Region of Ghana
Authors: Kortei N.K. , Atsugah P.Y. , Letsyo E. , Abaka-Yawson A. , Boakye A.A. , Tettey C.O. , Essuman E.K.
Published: September 2021

Background: Natural Food Toxins (NFTs) are poisonous substances produced by the biological processes of living organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of tertiary students of the Volta Region of Ghana about NFTs.
Methods: During March to June 2020, semi-structured questionnaires were used to examine knowledge and attitudes about NFTs among 252 tertiary students from various institutions of the Volta Region of Ghana. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.0.
Results: A majority (90.48%) of students were aware of the NFTs. The male students showed significantly (p<0.05) greater knowledge than the females. Totally, 190 out of 252 (75.40%) respondents had prior-to-the-study knowledge about NFTs. Also, 245 out of 252 (97.22%) respondents desired to learn more about NFTs.
Conclusion: From this study, it was observed that tertiary students from the various institutions in the Volta Region of Ghana had enough knowledge and attitude about NFTs; but there are still slight deficits in the knowledge of students about types of NFTs. Hence, there is a need for more sensitization of the subject among the students and throughout the general public.
Prevalence, Molecular Identification, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Disinfectant Susceptibility of Listeria innocua Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Foods Sold in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Makumbe H.H. , Tabit F.T. , Dlamini B.C.
Published: September 2021

Background: Food contamination with Listeria spp. can occur at all stages of the food chain. The aim of this research was to investigate the prevalence, molecular identification, antimicrobial resistance, and disinfectant susceptibility of Listeria innocua isolated from Ready-To-Eat (RTE) foods sold in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Methods: Eighty RTE foods were collected from Johannesburg, South Africa. The 16S rRNA region of L. innocua isolates was amplified, sequenced, and identified using Basic Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The antimicrobial resistance and disinfectant susceptibility (against four commercial disinfectants) of the isolates were evaluated using disk diffusion and microdilution assays. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS v. 23.0.
Results: Listeria strains revealed a high 16S rRNA gene sequence analogy to L. innocua of between 98-99%. The overall prevalence of L. innocua was 21.3% (17 out of 80) in the RTE food samples. Most isolates were susceptible to the studied commercial disinfectants. All the L. innocua isolates from food sources were found to be resistant to ampicillin and cephalothin, while 83 and 74% of isolates were resistant to colistin sulphate and sulphatriad.
Conclusion: Prevalence of L. innocua was considerable in the RTE food samples sold in Johannesburg, South Africa. The L. innocua isolates showed high antibiotic resistance against ampicillin, cephalothin, colistin sulphate, and sulphatriad.
Cookie adicionado de farinha de resíduos de guavira: composição físico-química e análise sensorial
Authors: Medino Isabela Cristina , Tonini Ingrid Gabriela de Oliveira , Amaral Luane Aparecida do , Loubet Filho Paulo Sergio , Santos Elisvânia Freitas dos , Novello Daiana
Published: September 2021

No presente estudo teve-se como objetivo elaborar um cookie com adição de diferentes níveis de Farinha de Resíduos de Guavira (FRG) e avaliar a composição físico-química e a aceitabilidade sensorial entre crianças. Foram elaboradas cinco formulações de cookie: F1 (padrão – 0% de FRG), e as demais adicionadas de 2,5% (F2), 5% (F3), 7,5% (F4) e 10% (F5) de FRG. Participaram da avaliação sensorial 60 julgadores não treinados de sete a 10 anos. A adição de maiores teores de FRG (7,5% e 10%) reduziu a aceitação do cookie. A formulação F1 apresentou notas mais elevadas (p<0,05) que F4 e F5 para todas as avaliações, com exceção da textura, que foi similar para as amostras. Dessa forma, considera-se a formulação F3 como aquela com maior nível de FRG e com aceitação similar ao padrão para a maioria das avaliações realizadas. Menores teores (p<0,05) de umidade, cinzas e fibras foram constatados em F1. Contudo, F3 apresentou conteúdos mais baixos de carboidrato e calorias. Conclui-se que a adição de até 5% de FRG em cookie é bem aceita pelos julgadores infantis, obtendo aceitação sensorial semelhante ao produto padrão na maioria das avaliações realizadas. Além disso, proporcionou uma melhora do perfil nutricional do produto.
How many verbal patterns are there in Hebrew? From Sibawayh to Judah Ḥayyūj and Abraham ibn Ezra
Authors: Kahan Moshe
Published: September 2021

In the introduction to his dictionary, considered to be the first scientific Hebrew dictionary based on the principle of the triconsonantal root, medieval grammarian Judah Ḥayyūj enumerates the conventional verbal patterns presently accepted, and in addition
po‘ēl
. However, Ḥayyūj’s identification of this latter pattern was not accepted by all medieval grammarians. Abraham ibn Ezra in particular disputed the existence of this pattern among the strong verbs. This article suggests that the difference between Ḥayyūj’s and ibn Ezra’s views is a result of their different historical contexts. In the tenth and eleventh centuries, the science of Hebrew linguistics, and especially grammar, followed the Arabic model. Accordingly, Ḥayyūj created the pattern
po‘ēl
as the parallel to
fā‘ala
, one of the four basic forms of the Arabic verb. By the twelfth century, however, ibn Ezra revaluated the issue using the data of Hebrew itself, and found no evidence for this form.
Akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı konusunda aile hekimlerinin bilgi ve yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ALAY Handan , KESMEZ CAN Fatma , KAYA Zülküf , UCAR Mahmut
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Akılcı olmayan antibiyotik kullanımı sonucu ortaya çıkan antimikrobiyal direnç, tüm dünyada ve ülkemizde giderek artan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Hastaya bağlı faktörlerin yanında hekimlerin antibiyotik reçete etme konusundaki bilgi ve tutumları akılcı olmayan antibiyotik kullanımını artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada amacımız ilimizdeki aile hekimlerinin antibiyotik reçete etme konusundaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını belirleyerek akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı konusunda hekimlerin farkındalığını artırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hekimlerin antibiyotik reçete etmedeki bilgi düzeyleri ve davranışları konusunda 19 sorudan oluşan anket formu oluşturuldu. 29.12.2018-01.05.2019 tarihleri arasında 180 aile hekimi anketi doldurmayı kabul etti.

Bulgular: Aile hekimlerinin 106 (%58,9)’u erkek, 74 (%41,1)’i kadındı. Yaş ortalamaları 33± 1 (min: 24- max: 50) yıl ve ortalama hizmet süreleri 103±1 (min:1–max:300) ay idi. Hekimlerin günlük hasta sayısı ortalaması 77±1 idi. Hekimlerin 137 (%76,1)’i il merkezinde, 43 (%23,9)’u ilçede görev yapmaktaydı. Hekimlerin en sık karşılaştıkları enfeksiyon tipleri 134 (%37.5) üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu ve 61(%17.1) üriner sistem enfeksiyonu idi. En sık reçete ettikleri antibiyotikler beta laktam grubu antibiyotikler idi. Hekimlerin 109 (%60.6)’u mezuniyet sonrası eğitim almadıklarını, 147(%81.7)’si akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı konusunda mezuniyet sonrası hizmet içi eğitimlerin faydalı olduğunu belirttiler. Hekimlerin 93 (%51.7)’ü antibiyotik reçete ederken baskı altında hissettiklerini ifade etti. İl merkezi ve ilçelerde çalışan hekimlerimizi antibiyotik reçete etmelerini etkileyen faktörler açısından karşılaştırdığımızda, il merkezindeki hekimlerin antibiyotik reçete ederken daha çok baskı altında hissettiklerini tespit ettik (p>0.05).

Sonuç: Doktorların akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını anlamak, akılcı antibiyotik reçete etmeleri için oldukça önemlidir. Mezuniyet sonrası eğitim çalışmaları, hekimlerin antibiyotik reçete etmelerinde olumlu iyileştirmeler sağlayacaktı
2015-2019 yılları arasında çocuk endokrinoloji servisine yatırılmış diyabetes mellitus tanılı olguların yatış durumlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ELMAOĞULLARI Selin , YİLDİRİM Nurdan , SAVAŞ ERDEVE Şenay , AYCAN Zehra , ÇETİNKAYA Semra
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada 4 yıl süresince çocuk endokrinoloji servisinde yatırılarak izlenmiş diyabetes mellitus (DM) tanılı hastaların yatış nedenlerinin belirlenmesi ve diyabet tiplerininin yıllara göre dağılımının incelenmesi planlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2015-Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında çocuk endokrinoloji servisine yatışı yapılmış DM tanılı hastaların dosyaları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Hastalar diyabet tiplerine ve yeni/eski tanı olmalarına göre gruplandırıldıktan sonra, yeni tanı alan olguların başvurudaki metabolik durumları (hiperglisemi/ketoz/ketoasidoz) ve eski tanılı hastaların yeniden yatış nedenleri kaydedildi. Aynı hastanın tekrarlayan hastane yatışlarının her biri ayrı yatış olarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Diyabetes Mellitus tanılı hastalara ait toplamda 787 yatış belirlendi. Yatışların %90,6’sı Tip 1 diyabet (T1DM) ve %4,2’si Tip 2 diyabet (T2DM) tanılı hastalara aitti. Yeni tanı T1DM sayısının son 2 yılda arttığı ancak ketoasidozla başvurma oranının giderek düştüğü belirlendi (p=0,03). Takipli hastaların yatış nedenleri incelendiğinde yatışların %72,4’ünün poliklinik kontrolleri sırasında kan şekeri değerlerinde düzensizlik ve/veya hasta uyumsuzluğu görülmesi nedeniyle regülasyon ve diyabet eğitimi tekrarı amaçlı, %6,3’ünün ketoz/ketoasidoz gelişmesi nedeniyle yapıldığı gözlendi.

Sonuçlar: Çocuklarda diyabet sıklığının artmasıyla birlikte diyabet nedeniyle hastaneye yatış sıklığı da artmaktadır. Ailelerde artan diyabet farkındalığı ile ilişkili olarak yeni tanı T1DM’de ketoasidozla başvuru oranı azalmıştır. Bu konudaki okul çalışmaları ve kamu spotlarına devam edilmeli ayrıca T2DM ve obezite konusunda bilinçliliğin arttırılması hedeflenmelidir. Takipli hastalarda tedaviye uyum düzenli olarak değerlendirilmeli ve diyabet eğitiminin sürekliliği sağlanmalıdır.
Protective effect of tacrolimus on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats Tacrolimus in reperfusion Takrolimusun sıçanlarda miyokardiyal iskemi / reperfüzyon hasarı üzerindeki koruyucu etkisi Reperfüzyonda takrolimus
Authors: ÇOMAKLI Hakan , ALTINBAŞ Özgür , MERCAN Ilker , ECEVİT Ata Niyazi , DEMİRYÜREK Abdullah Tuncay , KARABAY Dündar Özalp
Published: September 2021

Aim: Acute myocardial infarction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although thrombolytic therapy and primary percutaneous coronary intervention are the therapeutic approaches to reduce the myocardial ischemic injury and limit the infarct size by providing reperfusion, process can itself induce cardiomyocyte death known as myocardial reperfusion injury. In addition to effects on immunsuppression for organ transplantation, tacrolimus has diverse actions that result in amelioration of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of tacrolimus on myocardial I/R injury in rats.

Material and Methods: Adult male Wistar albino rats (n=18; mean weight, 252±20 g; age, 46-54 days) were included to this study. Rats were randomly assigned into three groups: Group 1 (sham, n=4), Group 2 (I/R+saline, control, n=7), Group 3 (tacrolimus+I/R, n=7). Tacrolimus (0.1 mg/kg) was administered as an intravenous infusion in the first 15 min of reperfusion after 45 min ischemia period.

Results: Although there were no change in area at risk, infarct size was markedly reduced in tacrolimus group when compared to control group (p
Karaciğer nakli alıcılarında herpes simpleks virüs viremisinin tanısı, klinik görünümleri ve tedavi yönetimi
Authors: KÖSE Adem , ALTUNIŞIK TOPLU Sibel , GÖNÜLTAŞ Fatih , KOÇ Cemalettin , YAKUPOĞULLARI Yusuf , OTLU Barış , TÜRKMEN Emine , YAŞAR Şeyma , YILMAZ Sezai , BAYINDIR Yaşar
Published: September 2021

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the clinical variations, possible risk factors and results of diagnostic procedures in liver transplant (LT) recipients who suffered from Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) viremia in the post-transplant period, despite Cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis.

Material and methods: The data of 1100 LT recipients were evaluated retrospectively. HSV DNA RT-PCR detected in blood and vesicular fluid samples of the patients with active painful mucocutaneous vesicular lesions and patients with organ involvement who had biopsy and confirmed HSV viremia were included in the study. The 110 recipients diagnosed with HSV viremia were included.

Results: In 110 recipients, total 130 HSV viremia episodes were observed over sixty months. HSV viremia rate was 11.8%. Of the 130 HSV episodes, 120 (92.3%) were mucocutaneous form of the disease. In 10 cases, there was a specific organ involvement. HSV-1 was detected in all of viremia episodes. Sixty-four (49.2%) episodes developed six months after the LT, 41 (31.5%) episodes developed between the 1st and 6th months after LT, and 25 (20.3%) episodes were observed within the first postoperative month. All episodes were treated successfully with different antiviral therapy modalities.

Conclusion: Despite CMV prophylaxis performed, HSV viremia may be occurred as a wide range of clinical presentation in LT recipients. It can be seen at any time point after the LT. HSV DNA RT-PCR from serum samples may not be sufficient for diagnosis of viremia, therefore the analysis of the vesicular fluid or the biopsy from the organs may be necessary for supporting the diagnosis.
Rationality as the condition of individual rights in David Gauthier’s "Morals by Agreement"
Authors: Saar Marcin
Published: September 2021

The topic of this paper is the foundation for individual rights proposed by David Gauthier in his seminal 1986 book Morals by Agreement, and particularly the role of conception of rationality in this foundation. The foundation of rights is a part of Gauthier’s broader enterprise: to ground morals in rationality – more specifically, in the economic conception of rationality. Because of the importance of this conception for the whole of Gauthier’s project, we reconstruct first the conception of rationality which can be found in decision theory and game theory, presenting simultaneously in a relatively non-technical way some basic concepts of the aforementioned disciplines. We proceed then to reconstruction of the foundation of rights itself – it turns on Gauthier’s interpretation of the so-called “Lockean proviso.” Lastly, we turn to the connection between rationality and foundation of rights. It is to be found in the narrow compliance – the disposition to enter only into cooperation which satisfies conditions of fairness set out in part by the Lockean proviso.
Traditional and new raw materials for spirit beverage production
Authors: Ługowoj Szymon , Balcerek Maria
Published: September 2021

The ethanol production industry is a fast growing branch of the economy in many countries, and there is a rich tradition of spirit beverage production of many unique drinks such as Polish vodka and Starka or Irish and Scotch whisk(e)y, all of which have unique organoleptic features. This variety is possible thanks to different raw materials used for production such as rye, barley or corn and potatoes, as well as technological solutions developed over the generations of manufacturing. Rye deserves a closer look due to its low growth requirements and many different uses as well as its long tradition of cultivation, especially in Poland. On the other hand, manufacturers are currently interested in using new, original raw materials for the production of so-called craft alcohols. Buckwheat is an example of a raw material that can be successfully used in the production of original spirits.
Spojrzenia z zewnątrz. Witold Gombrowicz w literaturze argentyńskiej (1970–2017)
Authors: Kobyłecka-Piwońska Ewa
Published: September 2021

Niniejsza monografia przedstawia dzieło Witolda Gombrowicza z całkowicie nieznanej polskiemu czytelnikowi strony: jako włączone do argentyńskiego kanonu literackiego i funkcjonujące w jego obrębie. Proces „argentynizacji” pisarza jest rozpatrywany z perspektywy współczesnej komparatystyki literackiej i kulturowej, włączając w to badania nad przekładem, refleksje nad tożsamością narodową i jednostkową oraz zagadnienia dotyczące oddziaływania osobowości twórczej. Badanie „efektu Gombrowicza” w literaturze jego przybranej ojczyzny udowadnia, że mamy tam do czynienia z pisarzem w dużym stopniu odmiennym od tego, którego znamy w Polsce – z innymi tekstami i z innym potencjałem interpretacyjnym, działającym w sferze literackiej, kulturowej i politycznej. „Monografia Ewy Kobyłeckiej-Piwońskiej to nie tylko znakomite osiągnięcie z zakresu polsko-iberystycznych badań porównawczych, ale także wielki wkład w polską wiedzę o Gombrowiczu. Niezwykłym sukcesem Autorki jest odsłonięcie głębokości inspirowania przez Gombrowicza wielu oryginalnych utworów współczesnej literatury argentyńskiej. Po lekturze tej monografii nikogo nie powinno już dziwić określenie Gombrowicza jako pisarza argentyńskiego. Z perspektywy badań porównawczych interpretacyjne wyniki książki otwierają nowe możliwości rozumienia międzynarodowej recepcji literatury”. prof. dr hab. Włodzimierz Bolecki
Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Rapeseed (Brassica campestris var. toria) as Influenced by Phosphorus Sources and Levels in Acidic Soils of Meghalaya
Authors: Maurya Alok , . Sanjay-Swami
Published: September 2021

Background: Acidic soils limit the soil phosphorus availability to the crop plants because these soils have tendency to fix P as iron and aluminium phosphate. The present study aims to investigate the influence of phosphorus sources and levels on yield and nutrient uptake of rapeseed (Brassica campestris var. toria) in acidic soils of Meghalaya. Methods: A pot culture experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2016-17 wherein two sources of P (single super phosphate and Mussoorie rock phosphate) and six levels of P (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mg P kg-1 of soil) were tested in two types of acidic soils (Alfisols, Inceptisols) in completely randomized design with three replication and rapeseed (cv. M-27) as test crop. Result: The highest mean dry matter yield of rapeseed (16.1 g pot-1) was recorded with 120 mg P kg-1 of soil. Subsequent increase in the level of P significantly decreased the dry matter yield by 4.6% over 120 mg P kg-1. The dry matter yield with Mussorie rock phosphate was lower as compared to single sulphur phosphate (SSP) at each levels of P irrespective of soil type. The concentration of P in plant dry matter of rapeseed increased with each successive levels of P in acidic soils with both P sources; however P uptake increased up to 120 mg P kg-1 soil.
​Nutritional Composition and Shelf Life Evaluation of Millet based Composite Mix
Authors: Geetha K. , Yankanchi Geetha M. , Hiremath Nethravathi , Yatnatti Shilpa , Sajjan Jyothi T. , Veena B.M.
Published: September 2021

Background: Under nutrition is a condition due to insufficient intake of energy and nutrients to meet an individual’s needs to maintain good health. Cereals and millets based supplementary foods represents good source of essential nutrients. Recently, millets are tagged as nutri-cereals and its health promoting benefits are attracting consumers worldwide. The current study was aimed to develop millet based ready-to-use composite mix and to evaluate its quality in terms of usage in various traditional foods and shelf life. Methods: RTU composite mix was developed using locally available cereals, millets, pulses and oilseeds. The nutrient composition of developed mix was analyzed. The traditional region specific foods namely Dose, roti and Mudde (Ragi ball) was prepared and subjected for sensory evaluation. Further mix was stored up to three months at room temperature and evaluated for microbial load, moisture, free fatty acid and peroxide value. Result: Protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy content of the mix were 18.5g, 9.56g, 58.21 g and 393.24 kcal per 100 g respectively. Roti was best accepted (7.63), followed by mudde (7.50) and dose (7.03). Free Fatty Acid (FFA) was increased from 1.08 per cent to 1.56 per cent oleic acid, whereas peroxide value (PV) was increased from 7.46 to 9.35 mEq O2/kg of oil during storage. Total bacterial count (TBC) was increased from 4.5 X 102 to 8.1 X 103. The developed RTU mix which has nutritional potential needs to be popularized to address under nutrition and for overall good health of the society.
​Probiotics for Augmenting Health
Authors: Narayanan Rita , Subramonian B. Suresh
Published: September 2021

Background: The probiotic microorganism consists mostly of the strains of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. Bifidobacterial species are common members of the infant gut where they form up to 91 per cent of the total micro flora in breast-fed babies and up to 75 per cent in formula fed infants. Methods: Bifidobacterial species were isolated and identified from the faeces of breast fed infants by molecular techniques. Molecular tools like 16S rDNA targeted genus and species specific mPCR primers were used for confirmation. A total of 4 isolates were identified namely B. longum (IB10 and IB12) B. breve (IB39) and B. bifidum (IB42). The identified species were screened for probiotic properties like bile tolerance, antimicrobial activity and tolerance to acidity. Ideal isolate of B. longum was incorporated in the preparation of whey based malted nutraceutical spray dried food and fed to weaned piglets. Result: B. longum (IB10) was the ideal probiotic when compared to other isolates as it had maximum antimicrobial activity and tolerance to bile and acidity. It was noted that isolate IB10 (B. longum) had an inhibitory zone ranging from 3.03 to 2.95 mm against B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa due to acid and antibacterial compounds. Isolate B. longum (IB10) was incorporated in the preparation of whey based malted nutraceutical spray dried food. The influence of feeding five grams of the spray dried nutraceutical malt food containing B.longum at 107cfu/g per day on animal production, gut health and gut architecture in young weaned piglets were also investigated. The probiotic regime had positive effects on the health of piglets when compared to the control group. A significant two log reduction in the coliform count was observed in the faeces of weaned piglets fed with Bifidobacterial nutraceutical powder than that of control. Thus, these probiotic bifidobacteria can be considered as safe adjuncts for preparation of dairy nutraceuticals.
REFERENCES RELATED TO THE DEFINITION OF THE STATUTE OF AERONAUTICAL STAFF IN THE PIONEERING PERIOD OF THE ROMANIAN MILITARY AERONAUTICS
Authors:   Human Resources and Mobilization Department, Air Force Staff, Romania, MANOLACHI Cristian
Published: September 2021

The establishment of the Military Aviation 110 years ago, a historical event with reference to the audacious flight made by the engineer Aurel Vlaicu, on the Cotroceni land, with the Vlaicu airplane no. 1 on June the 17th, 1910, the founding of the first Civil Pilot Schools and, later on, of the first Military Flight Training School, specialized aeronautical institutions that will initiate the training of military pilots, represents the starting point that will generate major debates in the leadership and political factors of the Armed Forces, regarding the theoretical and practical methods for the development of this new reality at the beginning of the twentieth century, the selection of the human resource excellently trained and motivated to carry out fearlessly and courageously dangerous activities in the field of air weapons, but also the taking of some measures to regulate the status, the obligations and rights of the aeronautical personnel, aspects that will find their solution by developing innovative legal instruments, adapted to the requirements of the times, which will decisively influence modern developments in the fundamental area of Air Law.
PUBLIC RELATION DAN PEMBANGUNAN CITRA AGAMIS (Studi Implementasi Manajemen Hubungan Masyarakat Sebagai Upaya Membangun Citra Religius di SMPN 1 Pamekasan)
Authors: Thoha Mohammad , Jannah Ika Nurul
Published: September 2021

Education is the most valuable investment to improve the quality of human resources in building a nation. The greatness of a nation is measured by the extent to which its people are educated. Educational institutions and society are two different but inseparable environments that even need each other in their growth and development. The community needs information about what educational institutions are doing. here the role of public relations is absolutely needed. The image of the educational institution depends on the success of the public relations actor. This role was well played by SMPN 1 Pamekasan public relations. Religious values agreed upon as a school culture are communicated to all stakeholders through the implementation of effective community relations management, thus giving birth to a religious image. This article will portray the implementation of public relations management in fostering a religious image in SMPN 1 Pamekasan. With a phenomenological approach, the qualitative data in this article will be described descriptively to be dialogue with previous public relations management theories.
PENGELOLAAN KEGIATAN EKSTRA KURIKULER DALAM UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL PESERTA DIDIK DI MA SUMBER BUNGUR PAKONG
Authors: Hadi Saiful , Fitriya Anis
Published: September 2021

Emotional intelligence form a certain ability the can possession by someone for can supervision feeling the be found inside self. Managemen extracurricular activity is a cartain exertion the did by all sorts of side institute inside planning, actuating, controlling, and evaluating activity the be outer part o’clock lesson or outer part class, where conducted activity talked about be able take elong change the carrefully concerning development personality an individual the follow it. Inside research this approachment the purpose because of researcher is approachment qualitative. Product research the result of development emotional intelligence student town managemen extracurricular activity in MA Sumber Bungur Pakong year lesson 2017-2018 that is development talked about alredy did by all sorts of side institude included builder extracurrucular activity be present. see extracurrucular in MA Sumber Bungur Pakong the be able develop emotional intelligence student that is only be found some extracurricular antivity certain that is extracurricullar scouting, adolescent red cross, and FLP (magazine school). Which person each and avery extracurricular talked about a builde activity have manner self inside development emotional intelligence student the participate in within. See development the did by builde town manajegemen extracurricular activity scouting that is: fulfillment SKU, fulfillment TKK, and conducted coarching LDK. See inside adolescent red cross activity, development the did by a builder that is: accompanying go along students become the member inside activity free therapy, activity assist calamity world, and give assist see fatherless child and poor. Whereas insid activity FLP, development the did by a builder FLP that is: observation about all sorts of work scientific, gift leadership special inside presentation, and notify along with know various opus the result by seniors.
Editorial
Authors: Vanz Samile Andréa de Souza
Published: September 2021

Editorial.
Recomendações de acessibilidade em sites de comércio eletrônico para usuários cegos
Authors: Guimarães Ítalo José Bastos , Sousa Marckson Roberto Ferreira de , Costa Levi Cadmiel Amaral da
Published: September 2021

O texto apresenta recomendações de acessibilidade para sites de comércio eletrônico a partir de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Foram analisados cinco artigos científicos com base em três critérios, a saber: (1) estudos científicos com a temática principal relacionada à acessibilidade em páginas do comércio eletrônico, preferencialmente, estudos conduzidos por meio da avaliação de usuários; (2) trabalhos científicos publicados entre 2014 e 2020 e (3) textos com relevância para a comunidade científica, considerando os indicadores de número de citação da Scopus e Google Acadêmico. Objetivou-se identificar recomendações de acessibilidade que podem ser adotadas em sites de comércio eletrônico. A pesquisa se classifica como qualitativa, exploratória e bibliográfica. Para recuperar as investigações que trataram sobre acessibilidade no comércio eletrônico, foram realizadas buscas avançadas nas bases supracitadas, utilizando os termos “accessibility” AND “e-commerce”. Foram identificadas 24 recomendações que dizem respeito a linguagem de conteúdo, elementos audiovisuais, navegação e página inicial, ferramenta de busca e informações sobres os produtos disponibilizados para oferta em ambientes do comércio eletrônico. Percebeu-se que os usuários que dependem de tecnologias assistivas para utilização da web deparam-se com barreiras associadas especificamente ao contexto do comércio eletrônico, inviabilizando o acesso, bem como a interpretação de informações essenciais à realização de compra de produtos na modalidade on-line. Por fim, o estudo contribuiu para elencar recomendações de acessibilidade web para o comércio eletrônico e, consequentemente, reforçar discussões que tornem o espaço de comércio virtual mais inclusivo, de modo que as pessoas com cegueira tenham melhores experiências de navegação em sites desse segmento.
SAĞLIK RİSKLERİNİN GAZETELERDE SUNUMU: SAĞLIK HABERLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: TURANCI Eda , BİBER Ayhan
Published: September 2021

Sağlığa ilişkin konular, hem bireyler hem de medya açısından dikkat çeken mevzuların başında gelmektedir. Günümüz modern toplumlarında deneyimlenen pek çok gelişmeye ek olarak geleneksel toplumlardan farklı yeni risk faktörleriyle de karşı karşıya kalınmakta ve bu risk faktörlerinden bir kısmı da, sağlığa ilişkin riskleri içermektedir. Sağlık haberlerinin temel işlevi, sağlığa ilişkin bilgi aktarma olmakla birlikte haberlerde yer alan kavramlar, bireylerin sağlık risk algıları üzerinde etkili olabilmektedir. Bu varsayımdan hareketle çalışmada Hürriyet ve Posta gazetelerinde bir yıllık süreyle yayınlanan sağlık haberleri içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. İncelenen her iki gazetede de risk kavramı kullanılmayan haberlerin, kullanılan haberlere oranla daha fazla olduğu ancak kavramın kullanıldığı haberlerde kavramın birden fazla kez kullanıldığı bulgulanmıştır. Bu bulgulara ek olarak haberlerde risk kavramın yanı sıra en çok “sorun, problem, zarar ve kayıp” kavramlarının kullanıldığı, tıbbi terimlere sıkça yer verildiği ancak bu terimlerin yarıya yakınında tıbbi kavramların gündelik kavramlarla açıklanmadığı ve haberde kaynak göstermeye ilişkin iki gazete arasında belirgin farklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
DİJİTAL HALKLA İLİŞKİLER UYGULAMALARININ OTOMOTİV SEKTÖRÜNDE KULLANIMI: RENAULT VE FIAT’IN FACEBOOK VE TWITTER PAYLAŞIMLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DURSUN Coşkun , TAŞDEMİR Erdem
Published: September 2021

İnsanların iletişime duydukları gereksinim, fizyolojik ihtiyaçların karşılanması kadar önemli iken, internet ile birlikte bu gereksinim günümüzde daha da artmıştır. İnternetin pek çok iletişim ortamında olduğu gibi halkla ilişkiler çalışmalarında da kullanılması, hem kuruluşlar hem de hedef kitleler açısından karşılıklı fayda sağlamaktadır. İnternetin bir uzantısı olan sosyal medya platformları aracılığıyla hedef kitleler fikirlerini rahat ve kolay bir şekilde ifade etmekte ve kuruluşlar da bu fikirleri analiz etme imkânı bulmaktadır. Sosyal medyanın gücünden ve etkisinden yararlanmak isteyen markalar ise hedef kitlelere kendilerini anlatma ve onları daha iyi anlama düşüncesiyle hareket etmektedir. Dijital halkla ilişkiler uygulamalarının ele alındığı bu araştırmada Renault ve Fiat markalarının kurumsal Facebook ve Twitter sayfalarındaki paylaşımlarının halkla ilişkiler açısından nasıl ve hangi amaçla kullanıldığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Literatür taraması yapılarak içerik analizi yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada, sosyal medya üzerinden elde edilen verilerin incelenmesi için netnografi yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Halkla ilişkilerin tarihteki gelişimine etki eden modellerin özellikleri gözetilerek halkla ilişkiler uygulamalarının sosyal medyada nasıl gerçekleştirildiği araştırılmıştır. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda, sahip olduğu özellikler bakımından sosyal medyanın günümüz halkla ilişkiler modellerinden biri olarak bilinen iki yönlü simetrik model için çok daha etkili bir araç olduğu ancak markaların faaliyetlerini genellikle sadece bir model ile ilişkilendirmenin pek mümkün olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır.