bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Registration of ‘TifQuik’ Bahiagrass
Authors: Anderson W. F. , Gates R. N. , Hanna W. W.
Published: April 2011

TifQuik' (Reg. No. CV‐4, PI 648303, PVP No 200700209) is a fast emerging forage bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) released by the University of Georgia–Tifton Campus and the USDA‐ARS in 2008. The current forage bahiagrass cultivars have a considerable amount of hard seed and thus require 2 or 3 wk to establish a full stand, during which time weeds may infest the pasture or moisture for germination may be restricted. The purpose of the breeding program that produced TifQuik was to select for an increased rate of germination and emergence. TifQuik was produced by employing four cycles of recurrent restricted phenotypic selection for improving the emergence and establishment rates originating from ‘Tifton 9’ bahiagrass. TifQuik had a fourfold improvement of emergence compared with Tifton 9 after 1 wk in greenhouse trials. Emergence rates, plant heights after 3 wk from planting, and first harvest yields were significantly greater for TifQuik than for other cultivars in replicated field trials. The accelerated emergence and establishment of TifQuik will be useful in sod‐based rotation systems with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).
Registration of Two Sugarcane Germplasm Clones with Antibiosis to the Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: White William H. , Hale Anna L. , Veremis John C. , Tew Thomas L. , Richard Edward P.
Published: April 2011

‘Ho 08–9001’ (Reg. No. GP‐21, PI 659991) and ‘Ho 08–9003’ (Reg. No. GP‐22, PI 659992) sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) germplasm were selected as clones for the combined traits of resistance to the sugarcane borer [Diatraea saccharalis (F.)], vigorous growth habit, sucrose content, and biomass yield from the cross Ho 02–95 × MPTH 97–003. Ho 08–9001 had 13% bored internodes (10% bored internodes is the accepted economic injury level for sugarcane borer in Louisiana) but had comparatively low values for adult emergence and larval weight. Ho 08–9003 had bored internodes equal to the accepted economic injury level and also had low values for adult emergence and larval weights. The low adult‐emergence values and low larval weights suggest antibiosis as the mechanism of resistance to the sugarcane borer; antibiosis is a resistance mechanism not yet exploited for stem borer resistance in Louisiana. When averaged across the plant‐cane and first‐ratoon crop, Ho 08–9001 had 21% more cane yield (117 vs. 89 Mg ha−1) and 53% less sucrose content (54 vs. 115 kg Mg−1) than HoCP 96–540. While Ho 08–9003 had 34% more cane yield (119 vs. 89 Mg ha−1) than the cultivar ‘HoCP 96–540’, but 37% less sucrose content (67 vs. 115 Mg ha−1). The combination of resistance, high early‐generation (F1) sucrose, and high cane yield makes these two clones attractive to sugarcane breeders to develop insect‐resistant sugarcane cultivars.
Registration of Annual Ryegrass Genetic Stock IL2
Authors: Kindiger Bryan , Singh Devesh
Published: April 2011

Within the Festuca‐Lolium genome complex there is a need for rapid development of improved germplasm resources. Traditional recurrent selection methods for population or synthetic development are labor intensive and time consuming. One objective of our research is to identify novel genetic methods that will enhance traditional breeding methods and facilitate the development of improved Lolium spp. germplasm resources. IL2 (Reg. No. GS‐8, PI 659068) represents a diploid, narrow‐based Lolium perenne L. subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot that is capable of inducing chromosome or genome loss following interspecific hybridizations with Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire and is being released as genetic stock by the USDA‐ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK. IL2 was derived from a single diploid population (GRL1) identified in a ryegrass population that segregates for varying levels of pollen sterility. The use of this material as a genetic stock can provide a novel approach for the development of Lolium arundinaceum cultivars.
Environmental Pollution and Health Problems of Workers in Tobacco Industries
Authors: Elias MS , Saha NK
Published: April 2011

The effect of environmental pollution on subjective and mental health of the workers in tobacco industries has been investigated. A total of 540 workers, 340 from tobacco (polluted) industries and the remaining 200 from non-tobacco industries, were selected using simple random sampling technique. Workers included in the sample were interviewed with three measuring instruments: (a) The Inventory of Subjective Health, (b) The General Health Questionnaire and (c) The Interview Schedule on Personal and Health Related Questionnaire. The results showed that the workers of tobacco industries suffered more from subjective health and mental health related problems than those of the non-tobacco industries. The older (≥20 yrs) workers perceived relatively better subjective health than the younger (<20 yrs) whereas latter perceived better mental health than the former. Male workers were found to have better subjective and mental health compared to the female workers, and the unmarried workers had better mental health than the married workers. Moreover, unhygienic home environment, malnutrition, lack of health care facilities, use of raw materials, anxiety, tension and job dissatisfaction were some of the health risk factors as perceived by majority respondents of tobacco industries than that of the non-tobacco industries. Key words: Pollution; subjective health; mental health; tobacco industry DOI: 10.3329/jles.v3i0.7439 J. Life Earth Sci., Vols. 3-4: 13-17, 2009
A Laboratory Approach for Determining Effects of Potential Oil Spillage on Water Quality of Sundarbans Mangrove Forest, Bangladesh
Authors: Ara H , Rahaman MS , Islam MM , Mallick A , Hossain MS
Published: April 2011

This study was conducted in laboratory as a microcosm approach in order to know the effect of oil (diesel) spillage on water quality of Sundarbans Mangrove Forest (SMF), Bangladesh. A series of laboratory tanks were filled with water of SMF with different concentrations of oils dispersed onto the waters. The water quality parameters viz. alkalinity, free CO2, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, hardness, major anions (sulfate and chloride) and major cations (Na+, K+, Ca+2 and Mg+2) were determined three times at nearly weekly intervals. Results indicate the degradation of oil followed by reduction of dissolved oxygen and evolution of free CO2, coupled with depletion of the concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in tank waters. This might be due the complex formation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ with hydrocarbons which were insoluble in water. The water quality parameters of different laboratory tanks were also compared with those of different locations of SMF determined before the microcosm approach, suggesting that oil spillage deteriorates the water quality of SMF. Key words: Water quality; simulation; oil spillage; Sundarbans Mangrove Forest (SRF) DOI: 10.3329/jles.v3i0.7441 J. Life Earth Sci., Vols. 3-4: 23-28, 2009
Response of Growth Indices in Black Gram due to Rhizobium Inoculation
Authors: Nitu SK , Haider SA
Published: April 2011

Key words: Growth indices; black gram; Rhizobium.DOI: 10.3329/jles.v3i0.7447 J. Life Earth Sci., Vols. 3-4: 51-54, 2009
Effect of portfolio assessment on student learning in prenatal training for midwives
Authors: Kariman Nourossadat , Moafi Farnoosh
Published: April 2011

The tendency to use portfolios for evaluation has been developed with the aim of optimizing the culture of assessment. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of using portfolios as an evaluation method on midwifery students??learning and satisfaction in prenatal practical training. In this prospective cohort study, all midwifery students in semester four (n=40), were randomly allocated to portfolio and routine evaluation groups. Based on their educational goals, the portfolio groups prepared packages which consisted of a complete report of the history, physical examinations, and methods of patient management (as evaluated by a checklist) for women who visited a prenatal clinic. During the last day of their course, a posttest, clinical exam, and student satisfaction form were completed. The two groups??mean age, mean pretest scores, and their prerequisite course that they should have taken in the previous semester were similar. The mean difference in the pre and post test scores for the two groups??knowledge and comprehension levels did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The average scores on questions in Bloom?占퐏 taxonomy 2 and 3 of the portfolio group were significantly greater than those of the routine evaluation group (P=0.002, P=0.03, respectively). The mean of the two groups??clinical exam scores was significantly different. The portfolio group?占퐏 mean scores on generating diagnostic and therapeutic solutions and the ability to apply theory in practice were higher than those of the routine group. Overall, students??satisfaction scores in the two evaluation methods were relatively similar. Portfolio evaluation provides the opportunity for more learning by increasing the student?占퐏 participation in the learning process and helping them to apply theory in practice.
Theological Principles in the Qur'an: Sūrat al-Baqara as a Model
Authors: Shafie Hasan
Published: April 2011

In this study we propose the establishment of theological rules (qawāʿid iʿtiqādiyya) similar to the jurisitic rules (qawāʿid fiqhiyya) which have for centuries been very important to Islamic jurisprudence, and which play a vital role in jurisprudence and uṣūl al-fiqh. The present article takes the second sura of the Qur'an, Sūrat al-Baqara, as a case study, identifying three fundamental principles in this sura: (i) man is honoured (al-insān mukarram), (ii) the Resurrection is a reality (al-baʿth ḥaqq) (iii) belief in all prophets is obligatory (al-īmān bi-kāfat al-anbiyāʾ wājib). These three rules are emphasised and reiterated in many parts of the sura, to a greater extent than any other principle. This study calls for other scholars to consider this proposition and develop it further.
Whither Victorian Studies? The View from BANAVSA
Authors: Gagnier Regenia
Published: April 2011

This address by the President of the British Association for Victorian Studies (BAVS) and the 2010 keynote speaker at the North American Victorian Studies Association (NAVSA) takes an overview of the professional state of Victorian Studies in Britain and North America in their institutional contexts. It focuses on new work in literature and science/technology studies, new formalisms, and new collaborative projects in digital humanities that are both interdisciplinary and international; and it extends invitations for further collaboration with scholars of Victorian Britain and cultures in contact outside Europe and North America. It also reports on the commitments of BAVS and NAVSA to their growing constituencies, their statistical growth in their respective first decades, and their support of graduate students and postdocs in times of economic hardship.
Kant's Aesthetics and Wilde Form
Authors: Loesberg Jonathan
Published: April 2011

Although Wilde was convicted of Gross Indecency, not of having written questionable literature, critics frequently take his trial as a trial of his literature and his theories, and, in a sense, they are oddly enough right since, at key moments, the difficult of reading Wilde's writing becomes manifest in the difficulty of reading what occurs in the trials. That reading difficulty results from the alignment between Wilde's aestheticism and the ostensibly straighter Kantian aesthetics, a theory Wilde queered only by clarifying its paradoxes. Through a comparative reading of Kant's and Wilde's theories of natural and aesthetic beauty and the manifestation of Wilde's theory in The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), this article will show how the ambiguities in Wilde's trial result from his insistence on a connection between his theoretical paradoxes and what he called his perverse desires, a connection that enriches both aesthetic theory and our understanding of the cultural significance of his trial.
The development of the professionalism of adult educators
Authors: Hof Christiane , Maier-Gutheil Cornelia
Published: April 2011

To investigate the development of the professionalism of adult educators, we compare individuals' narratives of their professional work at different times in their biographies. Using data from a qualitative longitudinal study, the paper includes two case studies through which we show phases of learning in the development of professionalism. We reconstruct forms and meanings of learning in this process. The study allows insights into differences in professional learning during the life course and the influence of institutional and social context in the development of professionalism.
Relative Influence of Prior Life Stages and Habitat Variables on Dragonfly (Odonata: Gomphidae) Densities among Lake Sites
Authors: Remsburg Alysa
Published: April 2011

Many aquatic species have discrete life stages, making it important to understand relative influences of the different habitats occupied within those populations. Although population demographics in one stage can carry over to spatially separated life stages, most studies of habitat associations have been restricted to a single life stage. Among Gomphidae dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera), recruitment via adult oviposition establishes initial population sizes of the aquatic larvae. However, spatial variability in larval survivorship could obscure the relationship between adult and larval densities. This study uses surveys conducted during 2005 and 2006 of Gomphidae larval, emergence, and adult stages from 22 lake sites in northern Wisconsin, USA, to investigate (1) whether the Gomphidae density of each life stage correlated spatially with that of the preceding life stage and (2) what habitat factors help explain variation in densities at each life stage. Results indicated that adult densities from the previous season helped predict densities of early-instar larvae. This finding suggests that oviposition site selection controlled the local larval distribution more than larval survivorship or movement. Late-instar larval densities helped predict densities of emerging Gomphidae later the same season, suggesting that variation in survivorship of final-instar larvae among sites is small relative to the variation in larval recruitment. This study demonstrates that locations with higher densities of odonates in the water also have higher densities of odonates on land. In addition to the densities of Gomphidae in previous life stages, water clarity helped predict larval densities, and riparian wetland vegetation helped predict emergent dragonfly densities.
Gold Nanostructures for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, Prepared by Electrodeposition in Porous Silicon
Authors: Fukami Kazuhiro , Chourou Mohamed L. , Miyagawa Ryohei , Muñoz Noval Álvaro , Sakka Tetsuo , Manso-Silván Miguel , Martín-Palma Raúl J. , Ogata Yukio H.
Published: April 2011

Electrodeposition of gold into porous silicon was investigated. In the present study, porous silicon with ~100 nm in pore diameter, so-called medium-sized pores, was used as template electrode for gold electrodeposition. The growth behavior of gold deposits was studied by scanning electron microscope observation of the gold deposited porous silicon. Gold nanorod arrays with different rod lengths were prepared, and their surface-enhanced Raman scattering properties were investigated. We found that the absorption peak due to the surface plasmon resonance can be tuned by changing the length of the nanorods. The optimum length of the gold nanorods was ~600 nm for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using a He-Ne laser. The reason why the optimum length of the gold nanorods was 600 nm was discussed by considering the relationship between the absorption peak of surface plasmon resonance and the wavelength of the incident laser for Raman scattering.
Antioxidant Activities of Melittis melissophyllum L. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Kaurinovic Biljana , Popovic Mira , Vlaisavljevic Sanja , Raseta Milena
Published: April 2011

Extracts of Melittis melissophyllum leaves in ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water were evaporated to dryness and dissolved in 50% ethanol to make 10% (w/v) solutions. The potential protective action of the extracts was assessed by the corresponding in vitro and in vivo tests. In the in vitro experiments extracts were tested as potential scavengers of free radicals (DPPH, O2·-, NO, and OH radicals), as well as inhibitors of liposomal peroxidation (LPx). The results obtained show that all extracts (exept n-BuOH extract) are good scavengers of radicals and reduce LPx intensity in liposomes, which points to their protective (antioxidant) activity. In vivo experiments were concerned with antioxidant systems (activities of GSHPx, GSHR, Px, CAT, XOD, GSH content and intensity of LPx) in liver homogenate and blood-hemolysate of experimental animals after their treatment with extracts of M. melissophyllum leaves, or in combination with CCl4. On the basis of the results obtained it can be concluded that the examined extracts have protective (antioxidative) effect and this antioxidative behaviour is more pronounced in liver than in blood-hemolysate. The reason is probably the fact that liver contains other enzymatic systems, which can also participate in the antioxidative mechanism. Of all the extracts the H2O one showed the highest protective activity.
Perspectives on Immunoglobulins in Colostrum and Milk
Authors: Hurley Walter L. , Theil Peter K.
Published: April 2011

Immunoglobulins form an important component of the immunological activity found in milk and colostrum. They are central to the immunological link that occurs when the mother transfers passive immunity to the offspring. The mechanism of transfer varies among mammalian species. Cattle provide a readily available immune rich colostrum and milk in large quantities, making those secretions important potential sources of immune products that may benefit humans. Immune milk is a term used to describe a range of products of the bovine mammary gland that have been tested against several human diseases. The use of colostrum or milk as a source of immunoglobulins, whether intended for the neonate of the species producing the secretion or for a different species, can be viewed in the context of the types of immunoglobulins in the secretion, the mechanisms by which the immunoglobulins are secreted, and the mechanisms by which the neonate or adult consuming the milk then gains immunological benefit. The stability of immunoglobulins as they undergo processing in the milk, or undergo digestion in the intestine, is an additional consideration for evaluating the value of milk immunoglobulins. This review summarizes the fundamental knowledge of immunoglobulins found in colostrum, milk, and immune milk.
Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery: An Update in Oncology
Authors: Jones Tait , Saba Nabil
Published: April 2011

The field of nanotechnology has exploded in recent years with diverse arrays of applications. Cancer therapeutics have recently seen benefit from nanotechnology with the approval of some early nanoscale drug delivery systems. A diversity of novel delivery systems are currently under investigation and an array of newly developed, customized particles have reached clinical application. Drug delivery systems have traditionally relied on passive targeting via increased vascular permeability of malignant tissue, known as the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR). More recently, there has been an increased use of active targeting by incorporating cell specific ligands such as monoclonal antibodies, lectins, and growth factor receptors. This customizable approach has raised the possibility of drug delivery systems capable of multiple, simultaneous functions, including applications in diagnostics, imaging, and therapy which is paving the way to improved early detection methods, more effective therapy, and better survivorship for cancer patients.
Short and Long Compression Release Times: Speech Understanding, Real-World Preferences, and Association with Cognitive Ability
Authors: Cox Robyn M. , Xu Jingjing
Published: April 2011

Background:Several previous investigations have explored the relationship between cognitive abilities and speech understanding with short and long hearing aid compression release times in adult hearing aid wearers. Although there was consensus that such a relationship exists,
the details have not been consistent across studies. This investigation was designed to further explore, extend, and generalize this topic.Purpose:Questions addressed: (1) the association between cognitive abilities and speech understanding with short and long release times for more
ecologically valid speech than in previous studies, (2) the presence or absence of release time preferences in daily life, and (3) the association between the laboratory measures and real-world release time preferences.Research Design:The study was a blinded randomized crossover trial.Study
Sample:Twenty-four subjects with mean age of 72 yr completed the study. They were experienced users of bilateral amplification with mild to moderately-severe symmetrical hearing losses. They were healthy, English-speaking active seniors recruited using advertisements and letters.Data
Collection and Analysis:There were five test sessions. They included audiometric and cognitive testing, fitting bilateral Oticon Adapto hearing aids, a four-week trial with either short or long release time, outcome measures, a four-week trial with the other release time, further outcome
measures, and a final interview.Results:Taken together with the previous studies, the results suggest that compression processing release time is more critical for patients with lower cognitive abilities than for those with higher cognitive abilities. Further, we postulate that the
best release time for listeners with lower cognitive abilities depends on the redundancy of the tested speech. Those with lower cognitive abilities might benefit from short release time when contextual speech is used, or when speech is rich in context, release time might not be important;
however, when speech is low in semantic context, listeners with lower cognitive abilities might require long release time for best performance. Listeners do appear to be able to distinguish between long and short release time processing in daily life listening. However, release time preference
was not predictable from cognitive abilities or aided measures of speech understanding. About two-thirds preferred long release time, and one-third preferred short release time.Conclusion:The relationship between cognitive abilities and performance with short and long release time processing
was supported and further elucidated in this research. In addition, release time was seen to be a salient variable in subjective performance with amplification in daily life. Accurate prospective prescription of release time has the potential to make a material contribution to successful amplification
provision.
Electrocochleography: A Review of Recording Approaches, Clinical Applications, and New Findings in Adults and Children
Authors: Ferraro John A.
Published: April 2011

Research related to expanding and improving the clinical use of electrocochleography (ECochG) has been ongoing for 25 yr at the University of Kansas Medical Center. This article presents highlights of findings from our laboratory during this period that have contributed to current
ECochG recording approaches and clinical applications. A review of new data related to improving the sensitivity of ECochG in the diagnosis of Ménière's disease, the use of an ear canal recording approach for improving auditory brain stem response testing in newborns, and technical
aspects related to recording the cochlear microphonic in newborns also will be presented.
Investigating Speechreading and Deafness
Authors: Auer Edward T.
Published: April 2011

Background:The visual speech signal can provide sufficient information to support successful communication. However, individual differences in the ability to appreciate that information are large, and relatively little is known about their sources.Purpose:Here a body of
research is reviewed regarding the development of a theoretical framework in which to study speechreading and individual differences in that ability. Based on the hypothesis that visual speech is processed via the same perceptual-cognitive machinery as auditory speech, a theoretical framework
was developed by adapting a theoretical framework originally developed for auditory spoken word recognition.Conclusion:The evidence to date is consistent with the conclusion that visual spoken word recognition is achieved via a process similar to auditory word recognition provided differences
in perceptual similarity are taken into account. Words perceptually similar to many other words and that occur infrequently in the input stream are at a distinct disadvantage within this process. The results to date are also consistent with the conclusion that deaf individuals, regardless
of speechreading ability, recognize spoken words via a process similar to individuals with hearing.
Auditory Processing following Sequential Bilateral Cochlear Implantation: A Pediatric Case Study Using Event-Related Potentials
Authors: Key Alexandra P.F. , Porter Heather L. , Bradham Tamala
Published: April 2011

Background:Past studies using event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited to single syllable stimuli in unilateral and bilateral cochlear implant users have suggested reorganization of the auditory cortex within the first 6‐8 mo postimplantation (Sharma et al, 2002a,
2002b, 2006; Bauer et al, 2006). Better behavioral performance with bilateral implants is expected when bilateral cochlear implantation is performed simultaneously or when a second implant is provided after a short interval of auditory deprivation at a younger age (Murphy and O'Donoghue, 2007;
Wolfe et al, 2007; Steffens et al, 2008).Purpose:The purpose of this case study was to examine changes in various levels of auditory processing using single syllable and word-level stimuli in a child who received bilateral cochlear implants sequentially.Research Design:Brain
responses were recorded at pre-activation and 2, 4, and 6 mo postactivation of a second cochlear implant using passive paradigms involving two types of auditory perception (speech and word level). Auditory stimuli were presented at 75 dB SPL(A) through a speaker above the participant's
head with the cochlear implant(s) at typical user settings. Cortical responses were recorded from 128 electrodes.Study Sample:The participant was a 6-yr-old female with the diagnosis of bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss. She received her first cochlear implant in her right
ear (2 yr, 4 mo of age), underwent revision surgery (3 yr, 6 mo of age), and later received a bilateral cochlear implant (6 yr, 8 mo of age).Data Collection and Analysis:For the purposes of the case study, the waveforms were visually examined
for morphology and amplitude or latency differences between conditions. The ERPs of the cochlear implant user were compared to those from a group of five children with normal hearing.Conclusions:The results suggest that sequential bilateral cochlear implantation contributes to improved
auditory processing beyond the benefits of the single implant even in users with an extended period of deafness in the later-implanted ear.
The Effects of Receiver Placement on Probe Microphone, Performance, and Subjective Measures with Open Canal Hearing Instruments
Authors: Alworth Lynzee N. , Plyler Patrick N. , Reber Monika Bertges , Johnstone Patti M.
Published: April 2011

Background:Open canal hearing instruments differ in method of sound delivery to the ear canal, distance between the microphone and the receiver, and physical size of the devices. Moreover, RITA (receiver in the aid) and RITE (receiver in the ear) hearing instruments may also
differ in terms of retention and comfort as well as ease of use and care for certain individuals. What remains unclear, however, is if any or all of the abovementioned factors contribute to hearing aid outcome.Purpose:To determine the effect of receiver location on performance and/or
preference of listeners using open canal hearing instruments.Research Design:An experimental study in which subjects were exposed to a repeated measures design.Study Sample:Twenty-five adult listeners with mild sloping to moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss (mean age
67 yr).Data Collection and Analysis:Participants completed two six-week trial periods for each device type. Probe microphone, objective, and subjective measures (quiet, noise) were conducted unaided and aided at the end of each trial period.Results:Occlusion effect results
were not significantly different between the RITA and RITE instruments; however, frequency range was extended in the RITE instruments, resulting in significantly greater maximum gain for the RITE instruments than the RITA instruments at 4000 and 6000 Hz. Objective performance in quiet
or in noise was unaffected by receiver location. Subjective measures revealed significantly greater satisfaction ratings for the RITE than for the RITA instruments. Similarly, preference in quiet and overall preference were significantly greater for the RITE than for the RITA instruments.Conclusions:Although
no occlusion differences were noted between instruments, the RITE did demonstrate a significant difference in reserve gain before feedback at 4000 and 6000 Hz. Objectively; no positive benefit was noted between unaided and aided conditions on speech recognition tests. These results
suggest that such testing may not be sensitive enough to determine aided benefit with open canal instruments. However, the subjective measures (Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit [APHAB] and subjective ratings) did indicate aided benefit for both instruments when compared to
unaided. This further suggests the clinical importance of subjective measures as a way to measure aided benefit of open-fit devices.
Transforming Superior Canal Dehiscence to Chronic Subjective Dizziness: From SCD to CSD
Authors: McCaslin Devin L. , Jacobson Gary P. , Burrows Holly L. , Littlefield Philip , Haynes David S.
Published: April 2011

Patients presenting with chronic dizziness and no identifiable vestibular impairments have been described as having “extravestibular” symptoms, or “psychogenic dizziness.” In 2005, Staab and Ruckenstein described a syndrome they referred to as “chronic
subjective dizziness” (CSD), which characterized this concept more clearly. According to Staab and Ruckenstein (2003), the primary physical symptoms of CSD are continual nonvertiginous dizziness or subjective imbalance that persists for 3 mo or longer. Patients suffering from
CSD often describe their dizziness as a rocking or swaying when sitting or standing. This case study describes a 41-yr-old female who originally presented with complaints of noise-induced vertigo. The patient's history, imaging studies, and balance function examinations led to the diagnosis
of a right-sided superior canal dehiscence (SCD). After surgical repair of the dehiscence, the quantitative electrophysiological tests returned to normal. However, the patient's scores on measures of anxiety, depression, and self-perceived dizziness handicap increased significantly postoperatively.
This case illustrates the transformation of a peripheral end-organ impairment (i.e., SCD) into a psychiatric condition (i.e., CSD).
A Case Law Review of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act for Children with Hearing Loss or Auditory Processing Disorders
Authors: Kreisman Brian M. , John Andrew B.
Published: April 2011

Background:In 1975, Congress passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142), and it has been revised and modified several times. At the time of this writing, this law was most recently amended by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement
Act (Pub. L. No. 108-446, 118 Stat. 2647, December 3, 2004), which took effect on July 1, 2005. Colloquially the law is still referred to as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Children with hearing loss or auditory processing disorder (APD) may qualify for services under
IDEA. However, a review of the literature found no review of case law for such children.Purpose:This article provides a comprehensive review of case law involving the IDEA and children with hearing loss or APD from the U.S. Supreme Court and U.S. courts of appeals.Research Design:We
conducted a systematic review of case law. A LexisNexis search for cases involving IDEA and children with hearing loss or APDs was conducted. For the purpose of the present case review, all appellate decisions (cases accepted by the U.S. courts of appeals or the U.S. Supreme Court) were included
if they found that the child had hearing loss or APD, regardless of the reason for the appeal under IDEA. In the instance of multiple cases that involved the same two parties, these cases are summarized together to provide the legal context. Brief explanations of IDEA and the federal judicial
process as it pertains to IDEA disputes are presented. Following these explanations, a chronological review of IDEA appellate cases concerning students with hearing loss or APD is provided.Results:The IDEA cases reviewed focus on three main issues: placement of the child, methodology
of teaching, and the provision of services.Conclusions:This case law review provides a helpful summary of higher court cases for educational audiologists and parents of children with hearing loss or APDs, as well as educators, individualized education program team members, school administrators,
and legal representatives involved in IDEA cases.
Auditory Training and Challenges Associated with Participation and Compliance
Authors: Sweetow Robert W. , Henderson Sabes Jennifer
Published: April 2011

Background:When individuals have hearing loss, physiological changes in their brain interact with relearning of sound patterns. Some individuals utilize compensatory strategies that may result in successful hearing aid use. Others, however, are not so fortunate. Modern hearing
aids can provide audibility but may not rectify spectral and temporal resolution, susceptibility to noise interference, or degradation of cognitive skills, such as declining auditory memory and slower speed of processing associated with aging. Frequently, these deficits are not identified
during a typical “hearing aid evaluation.” Aural rehabilitation has long been advocated to enhance communication but has not been considered time or cost-effective. Home-based, interactive adaptive computer therapy programs are available that are designed to engage the adult hearing-impaired
listener in the hearing aid fitting process, provide listening strategies, build confidence, and address cognitive changes. Despite the availability of these programs, many patients and professionals are reluctant to engage in and complete therapy.Purpose:The purposes of this article
are to discuss the need for identifying auditory and nonauditory factors that may adversely affect the overall audiological rehabilitation process, to discuss important features that should be incorporated into training, and to examine reasons for the lack of compliance with therapeutic options.
Possible solutions to maximizing compliance are explored.Conclusions:Only a small portion of audiologists (fewer than 10%) offer auditory training to patients with hearing impairment, even though auditory training appears to lower the rate of hearing aid returns for credit. Patients
to whom auditory training programs are recommended often do not complete the training, however. Compliance for a cohort of home-based auditory therapy trainees was less than 30%. Activities to increase patient compliance to auditory training protocols are proposed.
Temporal Processing Abilities across Different Age Groups
Authors: Kumar U. Ajith , A.V. Sangamanatha
Published: April 2011

Background:Psychophysical evidence indicates age-related decline over a broad range of auditory abilities. Thus, age-related deterioration in temporal processing abilities also may be expected. At issue is whether the various dimensions of temporal processing decline at the same
or at different rates across age.Purpose:To determine whether various temporal processes decline with aging and whether some are more resistant to the effects of aging than others.Study Sample:A total of 176 subjects in the age range from 20 to 85 yr participated in this
research. Subjects were divided into six cross-sectional age groups. There were 30 subjects per age decade up to 70 yr and 26 subjects in the age group >70 yr.Data Collection and Analysis:Temporal processing was evaluated using gap detection, duration discrimination, modulation
detection, and duration pattern.Results:Individuals in the 20‐30 and 30‐40 yr groups performed significantly better in all the psychoacoustic measures in comparison to other age groups. Deterioration in temporal processing began after the fourth decade of life. Deterioration
accelerated after 70 yr of age.Conclusions:There is a systematic, age-related decline in temporal processing starting from the fourth decade of life. The deficits in temporal processing observed in the present study may be related in part to the difficulties that elderly persons
encounter in noisy listening situations.
Association Mapping of Biomass Yield and Stem Composition in a Tetraploid Alfalfa Breeding Population
Authors: Li Xuehui , Wei Yanling , Moore Kenneth J. , Michaud Réal , Viands Donald R. , Hansen Julie L. , Acharya Ananta , Brummer E. Charles
Published: April 2011

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), an important forage crop that is also a potential biofuel crop, has advantages of high yield, high lignocellulose concentration in stems, and has low input costs. In this study, we investigated population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in a tetraploid alfalfa breeding population using genome‐wide simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and identified markers related to yield and cell wall composition by association mapping. No obvious population structure was found in our alfalfa breeding population, which could be due to the relatively narrow genetic base of the founders and/or due to two generations of random mating. We found significant LD (p < 0.001) between 61.5% of SSR marker pairs separated by less than 1 Mbp. The observed large extent of LD could be explained by the effect of bottlenecking and selection or the high mutation rates of SSR markers. Total marker heterozygosity was positively related to biomass yield in each of five environments, but no relationship was noted for stem composition traits. Of a total of 312 nonrare (frequency >10%) alleles across the 71 SSR markers, 15 showed strong association (p < 0.005) with yield in at least one of five environments, and most of the 15 alleles were identified in multiple environments. Only one allele showed strong association with acid detergent fiber (ADF) and one allele with acid detergent lignin (ADL). Alleles associated with traits could be directly applied in a breeding program using marker‐assisted selection. However, based on our estimated LD level, we would need about 1000 markers to explore the whole alfalfa genome for association between markers and traits.
The Rsv3 Locus Conferring Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus is Associated with a Cluster of Coiled‐Coil Nucleotide‐Binding Leucine‐Rich Repeat Genes
Authors: Suh Su Jeoung , Bowman Brian C. , Jeong Namhee , Yang Kiwoung , Kastl Christin , Tolin Sue A. , Maroof M.A. Saghai , Jeong Soon‐Chun
Published: April 2011

The Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) resistance locus, Rsv3, previously mapped between markers A519F/R and M3Satt in the soybean molecular linkage group B2 (chromosome 14), has been characterized by examination of the soybean genome sequence. The 154 kbp interval encompassing Rsv3 contains a family of closely related coiled‐coil nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (CC‐NB‐LRR) genes. Tightly linked to this region are additional CC‐NB‐LRR genes and several leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase (LRR‐RLK) genes, thereby indicating that members of both multigene families constitute a heterogeneous cluster at the Rsv3 chromosomal region. To further confirm the sequence and genetic map concordance, we developed 16 markers from the genomic sequence including predicted CC‐NB‐LRR genes and their flanking sequences. Mapping of the resultant markers in three populations showed parallel alignment between the genetic and sequence maps in the Rsv3‐containing region. Phylogenetic analysis of five CC‐NB‐LRR genes including a pseudogene showed they were highly similar to each other and formed a subclade within a CC‐NB‐LRR gene clade with representatives from several plant families including legume species. These results demonstrate that the Rsv3 locus is associated with this cluster of CC‐NB‐LRR genes, thereby suggesting that the Rsv3 gene most likely encodes a member of this gene family. In addition, information from this study should facilitate marker‐assisted selection and pyramiding of resistance genes.
SETTING TIMES OF PORTLAND CEMENT–METAKAOLIN–FLY ASH BLENDS / PORTLANDCEMENČIO, METAKAOLINO IR LAKIŲJŲ PELENŲ MIŠINIŲ RIŠIMOSI TERMINAI
Authors: Snelson David , Wild Stan , O’Farrell Martin
Published: April 2011

In the present study two pozzolanic materials are used, Metakaolin (MK) and Fly Ash (PFA), as binary and ternary partial replacement binders with Portland cement (PC) to investigate their effect on standard consistence and setting times of paste. To maintain standard consistency for MK–PC pastes increasing w/b ratios are required with increasing MK levels, whereas PFA has little influence on consistency. For binary MK–PC pastes there are substantial increases in initial and final setting times at 5% MK followed by decreases at 10 and 15% MK before further increases at 20% MK. For binary PFA–PC pastes however setting times increase at approximately the same rate up to 30% PFA and then increase more sharply between 30% PFA and 40% PFA. In general the effects of both PFA and MK on consistency and setting times in binary pastes are reflected in the behaviour of the ternary pastes although the two pozzolans do not behave completely independently of each other. The different ways in which the two pozzolans influence setting times is explained in terms of differences in their pozzolanic activities and in the manner in which they influence the availability of water for hydration. Santrauka Šiame tyrime naudojamos dvi pucolaninės medžiagos—metakaolinas (MK) ir lakieji pelenai (PFA), kaip dviejų ir trijų komponentų dalinio pakeitimo rišikliai su portlandcemenčiu (PC), siekiant ištirti jų poveikį standartinėms konsistencijoms ir reguliuoti mišinio kietėjimo laiką. Siekiant išlaikyti standartinę MK–PC mišinio konsistenciją, didinant vandens ir rišamųjų medžiagų santykius, reikia didinti MK lygį, nes PFA turi mažai įtakos konsistencijai. Dviejų komponentų MK–PC mišiniams svarbu padidinti pradinius ir galutinius kietėjimo laikus 5% MK, po sumažėjimo 10 ir 15% MK, prieš tolesnį padidinimą 20% MK. Dviejų komponentų PFA–PC mišinių kietėjimo laikui padidinti maždaug tokiomis pačiomis normomis iki 30% PFA ir tuomet didinti atsargiau tarp 30% PFA ir 40% PFA. Apskritai PFA ir MK poveikis konsistencijai ir kietėjimo laikui abiejuose mišiniuose matomas iš trijų mišinio komponentų elgsenos, nors du pucolanai nėra visiškai nepriklausomi vienas nuo kito. Kiti būdai, kuriais du pucolanai daro įtaką kietėjimo laikui, yra pristatyti kalbant apie jų pucolaninės veiklos skirtumus ir jų elgseną, kurios metu jie daro įtaką vandens galimybei hidratuotis.
MULTICRITERIA VERBAL ANALYSIS OF TERRITORY PLANNING SYSTEM'S MODELS FROM LEGISLATIVE PERSPECTIVE / TERITORIJŲ PLANAVIMO SISTEMOS MODELIŲ DAUGIATIKSLĖ VERBALINĖ ANALIZĖ TEISINIU ASPEKTU
Authors: Ustinovichius Leonas , Barvidas Arunas , Vishnevskaja Andzelika , Ashikhmin Ilya V.
Published: April 2011

The process of compiling the documents (plans) of territory planning is a complicated task, requiring much time, effort, knowledge and skills. Therefore, the factors influencing territory planning should be defined and their role in developing a general spatial concept, stating the priorities in land use, environment protection, monument preservation, the use of forests and water, as well as in the development of residential and industrial areas, infrastructure, the regulation of the employment of residents and the activities of natural and juridical persons, should be determined. The main principles of territory planning at state level in Lithuania, Poland and Germany are considered. The paper aims to analyse the models of territory planning used in Lithuania, Poland and Germany and to define key criteria influencing this process in the considered countries. The models analysed are compared using a multicriteria method of verbal analysis (UniCom-BOS). Santrauka Teritorijų planavimo dokumentų (planų) rengimo procesas šiuo metu yra sudėtinga, daug laiko, pastangų, žinių bei įgūdžių reikalaujančia procedūra. Todėl svarbu nustatyti veiksnius, darančius įtaką teritorijų planavimo procesui, išanalizuoti minėtų veiksnių svarbą teritorijų vystymo bendrajai erdvinei koncepcijai, žemės naudojimo prioritetams, aplinkosaugai, paminklosaugai, žemės, miškų ir vandens naudmenoms, gyvenamosioms bei gamybinėms teritorijoms, infrastruktūros sistemos formavimui, gyventojų užimtumo reguliavimui fizinių ir juridinių asmenų veikloje. Nagrinėjami Lietuvos, L. Ustinovichius et al. Multicriteria verbal analysis of territory planning system's models from legislative perspective Lenkijos ir Vokietijos nacionalinio lygmens teritorijų planavimo principai. Straipsnio uždavinys—atlikti teritorijų planavimo sistemos modelių Lietuvoje, Lenkijoje ir Vokietijoje analizę bei nustatyti pagrindinius efektyvumo rodiklius, darančius įtaką teritorijų planavimo procesams minėtose šalyse. Modeliai lyginami taikant daugiatikslį verbalinį metodą (sistemoje UniComBOS).
HEAT EXCHANGE IN THE SURFACE OF LIGHTWEIGHT STEEL ROOF COATINGS / ŠILUMOS MAINAI PLIENINIŲ VĖDINAMŲ STOGŲ DANGŲ PAVIRŠIUOSE
Authors: Banionis Karolis , Stankevičius Vytautas , Monstvilas Edmundas
Published: April 2011

Exterior and interior air temperatures are commonly used for calculating the rated thermal parameters of the roofs. However, the values of heat flows of the lightweight ventilated roofs are determined by the difference between the temperatures of premises and the ventilated air gap of the roof rather than by the difference between exterior and interior air temperatures. The temperature of the ventilated air gap of the roof is strongly influenced by the temperature of steel roof coating having low thermal receptivity, thus its temperature quickly reacts to solar radiation, long-wave radiation from the sky and other climatic effects. This paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies on heat exchange among external climate, roof coating and the ventilated air gap of lightweight roof, including regularities of variations in the temperatures of roof coating. Santrauka Stogų projektiniams šiluminiams rodikliams skaičiuoti įprastai naudojamos išorės oro ir vidaus patalpų temperatūros. Tačiau šilumos srautų vertes lengvųjų konstrukcijų vėdinamuose stoguose lemia ne temperatūrų skirtumas tarp išorės oro ir patalpų, bet temperatūrų skirtumas tarp patalpų ir vėdinamo oro tarpo stoge. Stogo vėdinamo oro tarpo temperatūrai didelęįtaką daro skardinės stogo dangos temperatūra. Šios skardinės dangos šiluminis imlumas yra mažas, todėl jos temperatūra greitai sureaguoja į Saulės spinduliuotės, dangaus skliauto ilgabangės spinduliuotės ir kitus klimato poveikius. Straipsnyje pateikti teoriniai ir eksperimentiniai šilumos mainų tarp išorės, stogo dangos ir vėdinamo oro tarpo lengvųjų konstrukcijų vėdinamuose stoguose tyrimų rezultatai ir stogo dangų temperatūros kitimo dėsningumai.