bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Content of Coumarins in Various Organs of Sosnovsky’s Hogweed (Heracleum Sosnowski Mandena)
Authors: Andreeva L V
Published: September 2021

In alcohol extracts of dried shoots, leaves, stems, and seeds of Heracleum sosnowski Mandena collected at different periods of plant growth, the content of coumarins was determined by spectrophotometry. The highest content of coumarins was revealed in seeds. Young shoots contain the least amount of coumarins. The author concludes that for effective use of Heracleum sosnowski Mandena as a source of coumarins it is most beneficial to use its seeds. Consequently, the plant must follow a complete development period. The control of the spread of Heracleum sosnowski Mandena is aimed at destroying the plants before seeds are ripe. Mechanical and chemical methods are intended to destroy plant shoots. Therefore it seems impossible to combine the control of hogweed and the processes of extracting coumarins from it. Special areas are required for hogweed to grow in order to obtain coumarins from it. It is also necessary to provide for strict measures to keep the plant within the territory intended for it. Special requirements are imposed on ecological factors of the territory.
On Demographic Processes and Prospects for Development of Rural Areas of the Novgorod Region
Authors: Avdeev E A
Published: September 2021

In rural areas in the North-West of Russia, including those in the Novgorod region, there is a negative trend of reduction of permanent residents, especially of working age. Using the example of the Novorakhinsky rural settlement of the Krestetsky municipal district, a study was carried out of the dynamics of the number of residential buildings and their residents, including school-age children, over the past 123 years. A sharp decrease in these indicators was found in almost all rural settlements, some of them were depopulated and eliminated, which is confirmed by statistical data. A significant decrease in the population in villages led to the closure of kindergartens, schools, institutions of health care, trade and culture. The authors attempted to identify some of the reasons for these demographic changes. Rural population was alienated from forest resources, problems arose with the provision of firewood. At the legislative level it is proposed to allocate local forests near rural settlements to villagers and preferentially provide them with timber and other forest products. It is necessary to use the historical experience of the 19th-20th centuries and developments of modern scientists. To interest the local bodies of self-government, it is necessary to include into the assessment of their work and remuneration the following indicators: the dynamics of the number of permanent rural residents, construction and repair of residential housing, improvement of the territories of rural settlements, including high-quality water supply, heating, marketing of agricultural and forest products, and other vitally important conditions.
Technology for Draining Heavy, Poorly Water-Permeable Soils with Two-Tier Drainage
Authors: Balun O V , Semchuk N N , Gladkih S N
Published: September 2021

The described technology refers to the hydro-technical construction of drainage systems. The design purpose is to drain surface and groundwater from waterlogged heavy, poorly water-permeable farmland soils. The method includes making two-tier drainage with lower tier consisting of dehumidifiers, which are a drainage tube with a protective filter filled to a height of 10 cm with a sand and gravel mixture, and the upper tier made of non-cavity drains. The plan location of the upper tier drains is perpendicular to the lower tier drains. A column of sand and gravel mixture is arranged at the intersection of the upper and lower tiers. The technology allows reducing the volume of the filter drainage backfill by 1.5–2.0 times while maintaining a high drainage rate and reliable hydraulic connection of the arable horizon with the drainage pipe while reducing the material consumption of the proposed structure by reducing the volume of the drainage backfill made of sand and gravel mixture.
The Effect of Xylanase on the Buckwheat Starch Hydrolysis
Authors: Buchilina A S , Gunkova P I , Barakova N V , Butylev A V , Trofimov A A
Published: September 2021

With the growing demand for alternative dairy products, there is growing interest in plant-based fermented foods. The plant base should be a favorable environment for lactic acid bacteria, that is, contain easily digestible carbohydrates. Therefore, a necessary stage in the production of a fermented product from plant materials is the preliminary hydrolysis of starch. When obtaining a base from buckwheat flour, an increased viscosity of the mixture of flour and water is observed. Non-starchy polysaccharides (hemicellulose and cellulose) increase the viscosity of the product. Xylanase enzymes can be used to hydrolyze non-starch carbohydrates. In the experiment, the xylanase enzyme in various doses was added to a mixture of buckwheat flour and water at 40 °C. The amylolytic enzyme was simultaneously added. The sample without xylanase was the control. Studies have shown that the introduction of xylanase into a mixture of buckwheat flour and water leads to a decrease in the viscosity of the mixture compared to the control by 38.21% and 25.69%, depending on the amount of xylanase. The xylanase enzyme can be used to lower the initial viscosity of the mixture and to maximize the efficiency of the buckwheat starch hydrolysis process.
Studying the Feeding of a Buffer Multicomplex in the Diet of Newly Calved Highly Productive Cows
Authors: Chuprina E G , Yurin D A , Vlasov A B , Kushtanok S A , Yurina N A
Published: September 2021

The research has been carried out to study the feeding of the buffer multicomplex in the diet of newly calved highly productive cows. The studied feed additive includes sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, vitamin-mineral premix, probiotic complex, yeast complex, chalk, monocalcium phosphate, phosphate salt, organic chromium, essential oil extracts. In animals of the group where 0.5 kg of compound feed was replaced with 0.5 kg of a buffered probiotic multicomplex, the daily milk yield was significantly higher by 10.9% than in the control. The cost of dry matter for the production of 1 kg of milk decreased in the experimental group relative to the control by 8.6%, the cost of crude protein–by 5.8%. Biochemical parameters of blood serum of all cows corresponded to the norm. In the control, the level of glucose in the blood serum of cows was 3.1 ± 0.20 mole / l; in the experimental group, there was a significant increase in this level by 12.9% within the normal range, which indicates an improvement in carbohydrate metabolism in the body of cows in the new calving period in the experimental group. The level of alkaline phosphatase significantly increased in the second group by 53.4. This indicates an improvement in mineral metabolism in the body of the cows in the experimental group. The microbiological indicators of the ruminal fluid of cows were within the normal range. The results of washing feces on the analyzer showed that the best digestibility of fiber was observed in the experimental group.
Aerosol Management of Nutrients in Aeroponic Potato Mini-Tubers Cultivation Technology
Authors: Devederkin I V , Antonov S N , Permyakov A V
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the article presented by the authors is to substantiate developments on improving the automated aeroponic technology for growing healthy seed potato mini-tubers, disclosing an improved technology for supplying charged aerosol droplets of nutrients. The article presents the results of testing the nutrient management system. The prospect is to realize the possibility of stimulating the root system by electrophysical factors that increase the efficiency of plant nutrition. The supply of nutrient aerosol to the roots of the plant is accompanied by the injection of a charged stream of oxygen into the chamber. This mixture is ejected from the improved nozzle under some pressure. Falling on the fibers of the root, the drops remain on the surface and do not roll down. There are also drawings showing the constructive novelty of aeroponic technology. It is recommended to use the electrostatic drip charging method. This method allows you to get a high dosage accuracy of plant root coverage. The prospect of such a modification is manifested not only in energy saving, but also in new possibilities for managing the growth of the root system.
Application of a Growth Regulator Based on 24-Epibrassinolide in Sugar Beet Cultivation Technology
Authors: Dorozhkina L A , Poddimkina L M , Larina G E , Narezhnaya E D
Published: September 2021

To suppress weeds in the crops of sugar beets, 2 to 5 treatments with herbicides are carried out, which worsens the quality of the resulting plant products and increases the risk of the formation of populations of weeds resistant to herbicides. To reduce the application rate of the herbicide in sugar beet crops, growth regulators based on the active ingredient–24–epibrassinolide were used, which increases the culture’s resistance to unfavorable environmental factors. It has been experimentally shown that the use of a growth regulator in a tank mixture with a 23% lower rate of herbicide applicaition in the growth phase of a BBCH 12–14 crop increased the herbicidal effect and promoted active growth of the crop. This technique had a positive effect on the quantity and quality of the sugar beet root crop. A statistically significant effect is shown from the use of 24-epibrassinolide in a tank mixture with a fungicide, as a result of which an increase in the adaptive potential of a cultivated plant against fungal diseases (the causative agent of micromycetes Cercospora beticola, Phoma
betae) was observed.
Improvement of Culture Medium for Cultivation of Citrobacteria
Authors: Dyptan O N , Ozheredova N A , Verevkina M N , Svetlakova E V , Gvozdetsky N A , Bondarenko V V
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of research on the cultivation of citrobacteria on culture media. In the experiment, culture media were used, both selective ones for citrobacteria–Simmons and Endo media, and universal ones for facultative anaerobes–meat-peptone agar (MPA). The composition of the studied culture media was injected with various concentrations of a TS-1 growth stimulant of microorganisms, which is a culture liquid of kombucha, with the production and manufacturing technology of which the authors worked. As a result of the studies, the authors found that the introduction of the 2% TS-1 growth stimulator into Simmons agar medium during the cultivation of citrobacteria gives an increase in the bacterial mass by 1.5 times more on the MPA medium and by 2 times more on the Endo medium in comparison to other concentrations of TS-1.
Classification of the Non-Chernozem Zone regions of Russia by Agro-Climatic and Soil Indicators
Authors: Egorova E V , Semkiv M V , Farinyuk Yu T , Vasiliev A S
Published: September 2021

Agro-climatic and soil conditions are fundamental factors for effective agricultural production, which must be taken into account when determining the priority directions for the development of agriculture in the regions. The Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia includes regions, some of which are similar in agro-climatic and soil conditions, others are very different. To facilitate the task of setting targets, it is advisable to classify the regions. At the same time, to develop a classification, it is sufficient to use a certain number of indicators characterizing agro-climatic and soil conditions. When classifying the subjects of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia, two methods of cluster analysis were considered and described in the article: the method of hierarchical tree classification and K-Mean cluster based segmentation method. The results obtained by the two methods almost completely coincided, which indicates the objective existence of the identified groups of regions. The subjects of the Non-Chernozem Zone were divided into four groups; each significantly differs from another in terms of agro-climatic and soil indicators underlying the classification. The suggested classification can serve as a starting point in designing a state program for the development of agriculture, as well as the basis for further analysis of the efficiency of agriculture, while the labor intensity of work will be significantly reduced due to the compression of the information environment.
Features of Reproduction of Dairy Cattle of the “Levochsky” Breeding Enterprise of the Novgorod Region
Authors: Emelyanov E G , Botvinova S L
Published: September 2021

In modern conditions of intensification of dairy cattle breeding, it is necessary to increase or maintain at a certain level the livestock of cattle. With a general decrease in the indicators of the dairy cattle breeding industry in the region under study, it is necessary to search for ways and methods of organizing production that would improve the efficiency of the manufactured products. As an example, the results of the work of a breeding farm are offered, which successfully solves the problems facing it in the reproduction of the breeding stock and receives seven thousandth milk yield with a high content of mass fraction of fat in milk from farmed cows. In the course of the research, the features of herd reproduction in the breeding reproducer of Ayrshir cattle of the agricultural production cooperative “Levochsky” in the Novgorod region were studied. The article presents tabular data with the main indicators of reproduction of the studied breeding reproducer and an analysis of these data. The conducted research shows that the breeding reproducer of the agricultural production cooperative “Levochsky” successfully solves the issues of reproduction of its dairy herd applying modern methods and technologies of livestock breeding. But for a stable position of the enterprise as a breeding farm, it is necessary to increase the output of calves per hundred cows to at least 85%. In the course of research, the authors found that in order to achieve real success in dairy production, it is necessary to engage not only in reproduction, but also in selection and breeding work in general. Based on the studies carried out, well-grounded conclusions were made about the need to further increase the efficiency of work on the reproduction of the breeding stock of the studied breeding reproducer.
Influence of Phosphatide Content in the Unrefined Sunflower Oil on Its Thermal and Rheological Properties
Authors: Fedorov A V , Volkov S M , Novoselov A G , Fedorov A A , Tambulatova E V , Krylov V A
Published: September 2021

The results of a study of the effect of the content of phosphatides in sunflower oil on its heat capacity and viscosity are presented. These studies are needed for more accurate calculations of thermal and hydrodynamic conditions in the technology of production and processing of sunflower oil. New results can become the basis for further understanding of the nature of the structure of sunflower oil under various conditions in real processes. This complements the fundamental knowledge and theory of heat and mass transfer. The adaptation of general experimental and data processing techniques to the conditions of the task is presented. Recommendations for reducing the time of experiments are proposed. New data on heat capacity and viscosity values have been obtained for unrefined sunflower oil with different fatty acid composition, for a wide range of operating parameters from 20 to 140 °C, with a phosphatide content from 0.005 to 0.9683 g/100 g. An unambiguous correlation has been established between the thermal and rheological properties of unrefined sunflower oil. The results show that these properties can have a significant impact on equipment efficiency and oil quality. The developed and repeatedly tested research methodology can be successfully applied to other oils and other conditions.
Wastewater Treatment from Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Gladkih S N , Semchuk N N
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the sorption treatment of industrial effluents, which contain heavy metal ions (HMI) by the natural clay mineral kaolinite - an activated adsorbent. The main sources of HMI receipts are revealed - industrial and agricultural production. The influence of heavy metals on human health is considered. The results of studies of wastewater treatment using filtration through an activated adsorbent of Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr6+, ions, mixed waste are presented. Dolomite and magnetite were chosen as activators. The optimal composition of activators has been determined. When using the proposed method of wastewater treatment, separation into streams of chromium-containing and acid-base wastewater is excluded. The high quality of purified water with an activated adsorbent makes it possible to use it in closed water use systems. The cheapness and availability of natural clay adsorbents, high performance properties, allow us to offer it as an industrial sorbent.
Regulation of the Limousine cows’ and Heifers’ Reproductive Function
Authors: Guminskaya E Yu , Sidunov S V , Loban R V , Sidunova M N , Lebedev N A , Lupolov T A , Battawy Kh El
Published: September 2021

Methods for regulating the cows’ reproductive function have been introduced into agricultural practice long ago. In most cases, the schemes existing in the Republic of Belarus are used in dairy farming. The present study is aimed at studying the effectiveness of using the “CO-Synch” scheme with subsequent resynchronization on Limousine beef cows and heifers using pharmacological agents, taking into account the animals age and the calving season. It has been found that the use of the sexual cyclicity synchronization-stimulation “CO-Synch” scheme contributed to the achievement of cows’ breeding efficiency in 43.9–55.5% of cases. The initial injection of hormonal preparations to heifers has contributed to fertile conception in 9.0–12.5–47.6% of cases. Resynchronization has increased their breeding efficiency to 50.0–63.6%. The best breeding efficiency of 60.0–61.5% has been observed in cows aged 5–9 years. Pregnancy has been found in 75.0% of animals calved in winter, 71.9% in spring, and 66.7% in summer.
Chemical Composition of Buckwheat Groats from Various Russian Manufacturers
Authors: Gunkova P I , Buchilina A S , Ishevskiy A L , Pchelina E A , Nikolaev I A
Published: September 2021

Buckwheat groats is produced from buckwheat seeds. Buckwheat is characterized by a unique chemical composition, which determines its highest nutritional value and functional properties. The indicators of the chemical composition of buckwheat are of great importance in the production of plant-based fermented alternative dairy products. The chemical composition is characterized by a wide range of fluctuations in the quantitative content of components depending on the climatic zone of buckwheat growth and weather conditions during the vegetative period. The objects of this study were the samples of the top-grade quick-cooking unground buckwheat groats of the “Mistral”, “Agro-Alliance”, “Uvelka”, “Altaiskaya skazka” brands. This article shows that the considerable differences were observed in the content of fat, protein, and starch in buckwheat. It was found that in the unground buckwheat produced by various Russian manufacturers in the spring of 2021 an average protein content was 18.67%, fat–4.6%, carbohydrates–62.21%, and the content of starch was on average 49.78%. These indicators of the chemical composition of unground buckwheat groats should be considered when developing fermented alternative buckwheat-based dairy products.
Morphological Composition of Wool of Tuvan Coarse-Wooled Breeding Goats
Authors: Irgit R S , Khodusov A A , Ponomareva M E , Ondar S N , Salburyn R S
Published: September 2021

The aim of this article was to determine the morphometric properties of wool coat in relation to weight and age of animals. The objects of the study were Tuvan coarse-wooled bucks from farms located in the Republic of Tyva (Russia) on the border with Mongolia. Goat wool samples were taken from the side behind the scapula for examination using an OFDA 2000 optical hair diameter analyzer. It was found that there is no correlation between body weight and down length, with down length having a correlation with total wool length at the 0.48 level. The average diameter of the fibers in the staple correlates positively with the peak value of the histogram (0.47), while the dependence of down length on its diameter is weakly negative (–0.19). It was found that there are animals in the population with a down hair length of more than 7 cm, and with a histogram peak of 16 μm. We believe that there is genetic potential in the population of aboriginal Tuvinian coarse-wooled goats to create herds with down productivity with fine down (cashmere) free from transitional type fibers and satisfying industry requirements in terms of length.
Research on the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions from Model Solutions by Humic Acids Isolated from Sapropel
Authors: Isakov V A
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of research on adsorption of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions from model solutions with concentrations of 2–25 mg/dm3 under static conditions using humic acids isolated from the sapropel of Lake Lipovo, Novgorod region as an adsorbent. Adsorption equilibrium in the model solution-adsorbent systems occurs in 2 hours. The kinetic curves of adsorption of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions from model solutions by humic acids are described with a pseudo-second order kinetic model; consequently, the limiting stage of the adsorption process is the chemical interaction between heavy metal ions and functional groups of humic acids in a 1:1 ratio. The kinetic constants of the adsorption of heavy metal ions by humic acids have been calculated. It was found that the adsorption of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ ions occurs on the surface of the sorbent; the Langmuir equation is most acceptable for describing the process. The constants of adsorption equilibrium in the model solution-sorbent systems are calculated according to the Langmuir equation. The study of the adsorption of heavy metal ions on humic acids isolated from the sapropel of Lake Lipovo, Novgorod region, has shown the perspective of using sorbents for purifying industrial wastewaters.
Biotechnological Techniques to Improve Regenerative Abilities of Liver Tissue in Experimental Cholestasis
Authors: Kashaeva M D , Proshin A V , Proshina L G , Gavrilova K V
Published: September 2021

The study examined the effect of plant hepatoprotectors obtained in the process of biotechnological techniques and thermal effects on liver tissue to prevent the destruction of cell membranes and stimulate regenerative processes in hepatocytes in experimental models (12 dogs). All animals underwent complex conservative therapy, including a plant hepatoprotector with the code name GTPS-4, containing a purified dry extract from the fruits of milk thistle, dry extract from tansy, St. John’s wort, turmeric, birch leaves and immortelle flowers. Conservative therapy was combined with thermal effects on the liver tissue to enhance reparative regeneration. The combination of herbal preparations and contact coagulation techniques gave the best result, and the optimal combination of herbal preparations in the form of collection was also proposed. The structural and functional state of the liver was assessed according to the results of morphological studies. The performed complex therapy significantly improves the condition of the liver tissues, its regenerative abilities and normalizes homeostasis indicators. The inclusion of plant hepatoprotectors in complex conservative therapy is a promising direction in the development of biotechnology in hepatology.
Automated Forest Inventory and Integrated Digitalization of Wood Resources
Authors: Khlyustov V K , Yurchuk S A , Khlystov D V , Ganikhin A M
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to solution of the issue of automated forest inventory and digitalization of wood resources by means of technical tools of distance probing of the Earth, methods of analytical decoding of forest canopy indicators and application of information-reference systems of forest taxation normative standards related to complex estimation of wood resources.
Separatory Freezing and Cryoconcentration of Milk and Whey
Authors: Korotkiy I A , Korotkaya E V , Neverov E N , Plotnikov I B , Efremov D A
Published: September 2021

A significant problem in the food industry is the lack of raw materials. At the same time, a significant part of the resources is not used for obtaining food products. This kind of food raw material includes whey, which contains a large amount of valuable components, in particular whey proteins and lactose. The article discusses the results of research devoted to the development of industrial technology for separating freezing (cryoconcentration) of skim milk and curd whey to obtain concentrated skim milk, as well as whey protein concentrate in low-tonnage production conditions. The research was carried out on products manufactured by dairy enterprises in Kemerovo, Russia.
Key Issues of Digital Transformation in Agricultural Education
Authors: Kozina A M
Published: September 2021

In modern conditions in the agricultural sector, the priority is the training of personnel and the testing of their knowledge using digital technologies, as well as the development of the facilities and timely retraining of personnel. The essence of the digital transformation of agricultural education lies in the effective and flexible use of modern technologies for the transition to a personalized and result-oriented educational process. Digital transformation should not be seen as an end in itself, but as a means used to optimize the existing potential in an innovative way. The main goal of agrarian education is to improve the quality of personnel training for the agro-industrial complex that meets modern requirements. The productivity and profitability of animal husbandry is largely determined by the conditions of animal feeding, the herd management system and other technological aspects developed and implemented by specialists in the field of animal husbandry. In the field of training these specialists, there is an active search for new approaches. The article reveals the organizational and pedagogical conditions that determine the implementation of additional professional programs in the field of animal science based on professional standards. An important role in the formation and improvement of professional competencies belongs to additional professional education. In this study, considerable attention is paid to the theoretical component of the topic, namely, the importance of agricultural personnel as a strategic resource for the development of agricultural production is substantiated, and the characteristics of the key issues of digital transformation of agricultural education that determine human potential are given. The analytical research is based on the results of work on training personnel for the agro-industrial complex of the Novgorod region and its changes under the influence of the existing regional policy. The relevance of research carried out in this direction is confirmed by the result of joint work of agricultural universities and employers, thereby having a positive effect on personnel training, providing production with modern managers.
Modeling the Financial Stability of Enterprises in the Third Sphere of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Region
Authors: Kukushina O S , Kanishcheva N A , Kivarina M V , Okomina E A
Published: September 2021

The study is devoted to the analysis of the financial stability of companies in the third sector of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) using the models of Du Pont, Altman, Lis and Sayfullin-Kadykov on the example of enterprises in the Novgorod region. Bankruptcy is a situation in which a legal entity or individual is unable to pay off its existing debt. The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that due to the complex epidemiological situation, the threat of bankruptcy has now become a reality for a large number of companies around the world. That is why an important task is to maintain the company’s solvency and strengthen its financial independence, which will ensure long-term sustainable growth of the company in the market and avoid its liquidation. To solve this problem, the authors carry out modeling of the financial stability and solvency of companies. At the end of the analysis, there are reserves for increasing and ways to improve the financial condition of companies in the third sector of the agro-industrial complex in the region.
The Use of a Neurocontroller in a Multi-Mode Air Supply Control System at Agricultural and Industrial Facilities
Authors: Lubentsov V F , Shakhray E A , Lubentsova E V , Masyutina G V , Rostova A T
Published: September 2021

The possibility of using a neurocontroller to control the aeration mode in the air supply circuit with a compressor unit has been investigated. The control algorithm is implemented using a multi-layer feedforward neural network. The control object model in the study included a frequency converter, motor and compressor. The analysis of the properties of the system was carried out by evaluating the obtained transients using MATLAB. The results showed that the system has high quality indicators in stabilization and programmed control modes.
Analysis of Tree-Ring Chronologies by Digital Graphical Data Processing Method
Authors: Lukashik E E , Ivanov A A , Semenov D V
Published: September 2021

The tree-ring analysis makes it possible to carry out a retrospective assessment of the influence of various environmental parameters on the growth and development of woody vegetation, as well as to determine their contribution to changes in radial growth in the context of the life cycle. Based on the study of tree rings, the absolute and relative dating of the layers of wood growth is made, and it is also possible to reconstruct the events occurring in a given ecosystem and having an impact on a specific tree or plantation. Various methods and tools based on computer data processing are currently used to measure the width of annual layers, which allow measurements to be carried out in a semi-automatic mode, while saving time and increasing the accuracy of measurements. The article discusses one of such methods for studying wood cores based on digitizing the pattern of tree rings and a program for positioning points, which makes it possible to exclude the use of expensive laboratory equipment, while maintaining the necessary measurement accuracy.
Studying the Collection Accessions of Vegetable Crops to Expand the Range of Their Usage as Rootstocks
Authors: Martirosyan G S , Vardanian I V , Tadevosyan L M , Avagyan A E , Harutyunyan Z E
Published: September 2021

Local breeding tomato varieties released for cultivation in Armenia in the protected ground conditions have a relatively weak resistance towards disease and stress conditions, despite good taste and quality fruits indicators. This factor, among others, is the reason for the unprofitability of growing tomatoes in greenhouses, which in turn leads to an even greater intensification of production in terms of–pesticides use. The vegetative grafting of vegetable plants can be the problem solution, which helps to increase the disease resistance, yield and improve the fruits quality indicators. The effectiveness of grafted plants depends on the genetic rootstock potential. Collection accessions of tomato and eggplant lines have been evaluated for resistance to fusarium wilt using real-time PCR diagnostics. A preliminary phytosanitary assessment of collection accessions has made it possible to recommend the most disease-resistant samples for using as a rootstock for vegetative grafting. The grafted plants assessment according to a complex of agronomic characters has shown the advantage of using eggplant rootstocks comparing with tomato rootstocks.
Effectiveness of Sun Protection of the Cab of a Mobile Agricultural Machine
Authors: Maslensky V V , Bulygin Yu I , Temirkanov A R , Shchekina E V , Pavlikov A V
Published: September 2021

The effectiveness of the translucent enclosing structures of the tractor cab in reducing solar radiation was tested, for which the value of the total heat flux entering the inside during the whole working day was determined, which is subsequently compared with hygienic standards. The result showed: on average, low efficiency of the shading of the tractor cab. In this regard, the use of more effective shading elements and the use of glasses with increased light and heat-shielding properties in skylights is proposed.
Features of Adaptation of Regional Agro-Industrial Complexes to Changing Conditions of Demand in the Context of the Transition to a New Economic Formation
Authors: Minina E S , Minin D L , Minin I L
Published: September 2021

The article examines the main aspects of the functioning of the branches of the regional agro-industrial complex, the peculiarities of their adaptation to changing conditions of demand in the context of the transition to a new economic formation. The main problems and features of the functioning of agricultural and processing industries in the context of adaptation to global sanctions and emerging restrictions due to the pandemic and its consequences are highlighted. The results of the study of changes in demand for agricultural products are presented, the main factors are identified. The main recommendations are formulated related to the peculiarities of the development of the branches of the regional agro-industrial complex in the medium and long term in the conditions of a new economic formation in order to maintain progressive development, ensure territorial food security and maintain the economic and social stability of the relevant industries.
Economic Efficiency of Biological Preparation–Sternifag, WP in Protection Systems of Winter Wheat
Authors: Naumova N I , Morozov D O , Lysov A K , Vasilieva G V
Published: September 2021

Experimental treatments were carried out to protect winter wheat crops from harmful objects for several seasons during 2018–2020 in Belgorod region. The article presents an economic assessment of the costs and profits from the introduction of the biological preparation Sternifag, WP, which was used against the background of 3 culture protection systems (chemical, integrated and biologized). It was found that, despite the additional costs for the introduction of Sternifag, high indicators of additional yield (from 13.6 to 28.4 c / ha) and profit (from 10846.83 to 30009.02 rubles/ha) were obtained. Calculations showed that treatment with Sternifag in the field gave a high profitability from 158 to 434%. The results obtained made it possible to evaluate the effect of the microbiological preparation Sternifag, WP as a stimulating and protective agent for winter wheat.
Stabilization of the Rotor Speed of an Asynchronous Generator of a Wind Power Plant
Authors: Nikitenko G , Konoplev E , Sergienko A , Masyutina G V
Published: September 2021

Alternative energy sources play a significant part in the development of modern electric power, agriculture and forestry. In accordance with the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 08.01.2009 1-p “On the main directions of state policy in the field of improving the energy efficiency of the electric power industry based on the use of renewable energy sources for the period up to 2035”, currently, due to the high level of environmental pollution, the use of electricity obtained using alternative sources is relevant. Since alternative energy sources are renewable, there is no need for additional raw materials that are needed to generate energy. Alternative sources of electricity are widely used for consumers who are located in a remote area from power lines and have the need to obtain not only single-phase, but also three-phase electrical energy. For the implementation of power supply to these consumers, a wind turbine is considered, which allows for long-term uninterrupted three-phase power supply. The main difference of this wind turbine is a device for stabilizing the rotor speed of an asynchronous generator, which is a combined synchronous machine with a common inductor.
Formation of the Yield of Flax Seeds of the Oilseed Variety LM 98 during Inoculation with New Strains of Microorganisms of the Rizobakt Biological Product of the RZhF Brand in the Conditions of the Leningrad Region
Authors: Nosevich M A , Ganusevich F F , Kamylina N Yu , Stepanova T V , Popov V A
Published: September 2021

In 2019 and 2020 on a small experimental field of the Department of Plant Industry named after I.A. Stebut FGBOU VO St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, studies were carried out to study the effect of new strains of microorganisms of Rizobakt biological products of RZhF brand on the growth, development and productivity of oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) variety LM 98. The research results showed that in the conditions of the Leningrad region on soddy-calcareous soil and with natural moisture, in order to obtain a stable seed yield at the level of 3.0 t / ha, it is recommended to inoculate oil flax seeds with the preparation Rizobakt of the RZhF brand (strain M) or Rizobakt of the RZhF (strain Sl), which will increase this indicator by 0.4 t/ha or 17%. The studied agrotechnical method stimulates seed germination, increases field germination by 8-30%, adaptation of crops planting to extreme environmental conditions is manifested, increasing the survival rate of plants for harvesting by 10-12%. This contributes to creation of flax stalks with a large (by 22–42%) number of plants per unit area before harvesting. In thickened agrophytocenoses, which are formed under the influence of biological products, in flax plants of the LM 98 variety, 18-19% fewer bolls are formed, seeds–by 15–17% and their weight is less by 10–18%.
Modern Genetic Engineering Technology Achievements in Rheumatology
Authors: Okonenko T I , Khrutskiy A K , Yershevskaya A B , Ivanova A V , Antropova G A , Rumyantsev E E
Published: September 2021

The paper provides an overview of modern genetically engineered biological agents (GEBAs) used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Russian Federation. The spectrum of medicinal agents of this group used in the Novgorod region has been analyzed. The analysis of treatment regimens of 68 patients demonstrates high efficiency of combination therapy of GEBAs and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs due to a decrease in the activity of the process of more than 78 % of the patients and to achieving remission of 2.9 % of them. It is indicated that GEBAs therapy requires careful screening procedures of patients, exclusion of infectious processes, cancer and severe pathology of internal organs. The reasons for the difficulties in achieving remission against the background of GEBAs therapy of the observed patients, as well as complications arising during the treatment, are given.
Innovative Technology for Processing Poultry Manure for Use in the Novgorod Region
Authors: Pavlov S B , Kartashov S V , Vasilyeva G V
Published: September 2021

With the development of poultry farming, the problem of utilizing poultry manure is becoming more and more relevant. Manure is a source of strong environmental pollution (soil, groundwater, atmospheric air); it negatively affects human health and gene pool. At the same time, manure is one of the best organic fertilizers, containing a large amount of nutrients necessary for the growth and development of plants. The article discusses the most economical and environmentally friendly biotechnological methods of manure processing, namely, processing by effective microorganisms. The article presents the technology of accelerated manure composting; it was carried out in the natural and climatic conditions of the Novgorod region and resulted in obtaining two types of products: loose and granular compost. The conditions of the composting process in the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods have been analyzed. The authors dwell upon the requirements for using compost when growing crops.
Study of New Technologies for Cultivation of Solanaceous Vegetable Crops in Short Vegetation Period Regions of Armenia
Authors: Sarikyan K M , Sargsyan G G , Tsereteli I S , Grigoryan M G , Hakobyan E A
Published: September 2021

The article considers the impact of new integrated technologies (mulching, drip irrigation, use of wooden sticks for each plant, use of new biofertilizers in the cultivation of solanaceous vegetable crops (tomato, pepper, eggplant) in regions with a short growing season. The study of new technologies in the cultivation of solanaceae crops in regions of short vegetation period shows the effectiveness of the impact of these technologies on the biological characteristics, economic-valuable and qualitative indicators. New technologies contributed to early maturity, increased yield and quality of fruits, resistance to diseases and pests. New technologies can be effectively implemented in the republic and similar regions of the globe.
Study of Laser Radiation Effect on Quality of Forage Potatoes
Authors: Sevostyanova N N , Tiranova L V , Avdeev E A
Published: September 2021

The paper describes modern methods of increasing the yield of potatoes–the leading crop in the world market for crop production. An alternative method of stimulating potato growth is proposed: the effect of non-ionizing radiation with 650 nm wave length, 150 MW radiation power, 30 s exposure. Gala forage potatoes were used as a research object. To evaluate the efficiency of laser radiation effect, the yield was calculated, feed qualities (content of dry matter, carbohydrates and toxic elements) were assessed. There was an increase in the yield by 47%, starch by 28.2%, and sugars by almost 2 times. At the same time, potato keeping quality increased by 4.3%.
Prospects for Further Improvement of Filter-Compensating Devices for Agro-Industrial Complex Consumers
Authors: Shunina A A , Masyutina G V , Rostova A T , Kolesnikov G Y , Lubentsova E V
Published: September 2021

Energy saving in technological processes of agro-industrial complex is an integral part of the development of a market economy, since nowadays there is a total interest of suppliers and consumers in economical energy supply. At present, the concept of electromagnetic compatibility in matters of power quality assurance covers almost any type of interaction between various devices and systems using electromagnetic phenomena, as well as the interaction of these systems with living organisms. There is an increasing need to analyze the impact of energy losses on energy efficiency in general and the need to analyze additionally arising losses caused by a sharp deterioration in the power quality readings. At present stage, more accurate information is required about the state of the electrical networks modes to determine the level of losses and reduce the commercial component of losses. In this situation, power systems require more accurate forecasts of the load of distribution networks in order to achieve excellence in operation, planning the development of networks and optimization of energy resources management, but the process of high-quality compensation remains rather complicated due to the growth of distortions in low-voltage distribution networks. In contrast to the existing solutions, the authors of the article offer to introduce into the method (algorithm) for controlling a compensation device the operation of forecasting the value of active power of non-stationary non-linear load on the forthcoming period of the supply mains voltage according to the results of monitoring the change in the active power of the load during the previous periods and statistical processing of the data obtained.
Experience in Realizing the Educational Potential of Specially Protected Natural Areas of Malovishersky District, Novgorod Region
Authors: Simonyan O A , Konovalova M A
Published: September 2021

A systematic immersion of students in the knowledge on the biodiversity of the place of residence, scientific methods of biological research, design of ecological trails and tours can help overcome the existing barriers to the implementation of the federal project “Ecology”. The research was carried out from 2008 to 2020 on the territory of specially protected natural areas of the Malovishersky district, Novgorod region, by the creative association “Mirror of Nature” with the participation of schoolchildren. A total of 52 visits were made. Since 2009, the activities on educating the local residents and guests of the area about the environmental status have been organized. The boards with noticeable information signs about nature monuments were designed, made and installed. During the research period, rare and endangered representatives of 11 families were discovered, recorded and described; they will be added to the passports of protected areas. The disturbance of the vegetation cover was assessed; it reaches two points in all protected areas. The highest three points’ degree of synanthropization of phytocenoses was noted in the village of Okulovo. The maximum degree of disturbance of the tree stand is observed in the village of Krasnoye, it corresponds to four points. The sanitary condition of the trees is satisfactory. First of all, it is necessary to restore the nature monument “Plantation of Rumelian pine near the village of Krasnoe”. A guide has been compiled, including a description of the ecological trails “Miracle Lake”, “In search of ammonites”, “In search of Rumelian pine”, and two guided tours “Estate park in the village of Okulovo” and “Spassky mosses”. The results of biodiversity research and developments are handed over to the Committee for Nature Protection of the Novgorod Region, Valdai National Park, and the administration of the Malovishersky district.
Morphological and Functional Activity Dynamics of Blood Lymphocytes in Large White Breed Pigs in Postnatal Ontogenesis and during Pregnancy
Authors: Skripkin V S , Kvochko A N , Sidelnikov A I , Pisarenko N A , Krivoruchko A Y
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the study was to research the activity of nucleolar organizers of blood lymphocytes in large white breed pigs in postnatal ontogenesis and during pregnancy. The prepared blood smears were stained with silver nitrate (AgNO3) and additionally stained with azur and eosin. By measuring the parameters of the nucleus and nucleolar organizers’ activity (AgNORs), the changes in the morphological and functional state of the protein synthesizing apparatus of blood lymphocytes in large white breed pigs in postnatal ontogenesis were evaluated. It was found that the area of lymphocyte nuclei in newborn piglets was 83.72±3.37 mm2. By the age of three months, the area of the lymphocyte nuclei of pigs significantly increased by 13.41% (p⩽0.05) and amounted to 96.69±2.57 mm2, at the age of six months this indicator was 15.78% more than at the age of three months (114.80±3.69), by the age of nine months the number of AgNORs significantly (p⩽0.05) decreased by 11.32% compared to six-month-old animals (101.80±2.97). From 1 to 4 units of AgNORs are detected in the lymphocyte nuclei. By the age of three months, the total area of nucleolar organizers’ zones decreased by 29.30% (p⩽0.05), and by the age of twelve months increased by 16.72% (p⩽0.05) compared to the previous age period. A slight increase in the area of the lymphocyte nucleus was observed in pigs after delivery by 9.15% (p⩽0.05). After delivery, the number of AgNORs in pigs significantly increased by 11.26% (p⩽0.05). During pregnancy, from 1 to 3 AgNORs were detected in pigs with a total area of 4.29±0.27 to 4.33±0.30 microns. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that the functional state of lymphocytes undergoes obvious changes in postnatal ontogenesis and during pregnancy, this can be seen in alterations in the area of their nuclei, the number and total area of AgNORs.