bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a hope-focused intervention to prevent mental health problems and improve social outcomes for young women who are not in education, employment, or training (NEET): A qualitative co-design study in deprived coastal communities in South-East England
Authors: Berry Clio , Fountain Julia , Forbes Lindsay , Bogen-Johnston Leanne , Thomson Abigail , Zylko Yelena , Tunks Alice , Hotham Sarah , Michelson Daniel
Published: May 2024

Young women who are not in education, employment, or training (NEET) experience poorer health and social outcomes compared to non-NEET young women and to NEET young men, especially in deprived areas with intersecting inequalities. The evidence on effective public health approaches is scarce. Interventions that target hope, which NEET young women notably lack, offer a promising theory-driven and intuitive means to prevent mental health problems and improve social outcomes. Hope can be defined as a goal-focused mindset comprising self-agency (motivation and self-belief) and pathways (identifying routes to achieving goals). Hope is implicated in a variety of evidence-based psychosocial interventions for young people, but is not directly targeted by existing prevention programmes for NEET populations. The current study used a phased qualitative research design and participatory methods to model a hope-focused intervention for NEET young women. Phase 1 investigated population needs and intervention parameters through semi-structured interviews with 28 key informants living or working in disadvantaged coastal communities in South-East England. The sample comprised eight NEET young women, four family members, and 16 practitioners from relevant support organisations. Phase 2 refined intervention parameters and outcomes through co-design sessions with four NEET young women, followed by a theory of change workshop with 10 practitioners. The resulting intervention model is articulated as a mentor-supported, in-person psychosocial intervention that builds hope by enhancing positive sense of self and time spent in meaningful activities, before explicitly teaching the skills needed to identify, set, and pursue personally meaningful goals.
Factors associated with viral load testing and viral suppression among HIV-positive female sex workers in Nigeria
Authors: Nwosu Kene David , Kalaiwo Abiye , Ngambi Wingston Felix , Estill Janne , Omo-Emmanuel Ughweroghene Kingston , Emmanuel Godwin , Keiser Olivia
Published: May 2024

Background

Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk for HIV infection and face unique barriers to receiving and adhering to testing and treatment. Early viral suppression and consistent viral load testing are critical to optimizing health and reducing transmission in this population. However, the factors associated with testing and successful viral suppression among FSWs are poorly understood, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our study aimed to examine factors, including social, demographic, and clinical characteristics, associated with viral load testing and suppression among female sex workers initiating antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we analyzed routine programmatic data from FSWs enrolled in the National HIV Key Populations (KP) program in Nigeria. We included FSWs who were newly diagnosed with HIV and registered between January 2016 and January 2022. Primary outcomes of interest were a), receiving a viral load test at any point after treatment initiation and b), viral suppression (<1000 copies/ml) at the test closest to 6 months after treatment initiation. To identify factors associated with the outcomes of interest, we used univariable and multivariable logistic regression, with random intercepts for care facilities, and multiple imputation for missing values.

Findings

Out of 34,976 FSWs, 97.1% (n = 33,945) received at least one viral load test, with 94.5% (n = 32,092) indicating viral suppression. The odds of receiving at least one viral load test were higher for those who entered treatment in more recent years, those with formal education and those with advanced HIV stages at baseline (adjusted odds ratios [aOR]: 1.17 [1.14–1.19] for those who entered treatment in 2020 vs. 2016; 1.02 [1.01–1.03] for post-secondary vs. no education; and 1.05 [1.01–1.10] for WHO clinical stage 3/4 vs. stage 1 respectively). The odds of successful viral suppression were higher for those who entered treatment in more recent years, but lower for those with advanced HIV stages at baseline (aOR: 1.13 [1.09–1.18] for 2022 vs. 2016; and 0.92 [0.87–0.98] for WHO clinical stage 3/4 vs. stage 1 respectively).

Conclusions

The study underscored the relevance of timely diagnosis and ART initiation for optimal outcomes among HIV-positive FSWs in Nigeria. We also observed significant improvements in the likelihood of early viral load testing and suppression over the study period, reflecting advancements in the KP program. Further research should clarify factors driving these trends to further strengthen the HIV care pipeline for female sex workers.
Analysis of urinary tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4- (methylnitrosamino)1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanol (NNAL) and HPV infection in American women: National health and nutrition examination survey
Authors: Liang Daiwen , Zhang Qi , Li Wenyu , Lin Youkun
Published: May 2024

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are a group of toxic substances specific to tobacco. 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) is a tobacco-specific nitrosamine measurable in urine with a much longer half-life than cotinine. We aimed to examine the association between urinary tobacco-specific NNAL and HPV infection among American women. We used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2014 to collect details on their urinary NNAL, HPV infection status, and other essential variables. The association between dietary urinary NNAL and HPV infection status was analyzed by using a weighted multivariate logistic regression model, and stratified subgroup analysis. In total, 5197 participants aged 18–59 years were identified, with overall prevalence of high-risk and low-risk HPV infection of 22.0% and 19.1%, respectively. The highest quartile of NNAL(Q4) was more positively associated with low-risk HPV infection than the lowest quartile of NNAL(Q1) (OR = 1.83 (1.35,2.50), p<0.001). the highest quartile of NNAL(Q4) was more positively associated with high-risk HPV infection than the lowest quartile of NNAL(Q1) (OR = 2.20 (1.57,3.08), p < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, the positive correlation between urinary NNAL levels and low-risk HPV infection status was inconsistent in marital status and BMI (interaction p < 0.05). The positive association of urinary NNAL levels with high-risk HPV infection status was inconsistent in smoking and BMI. (interaction p < 0.05). Tobacco-specific NNAL levels positively correlate with high- and low-risk HPV. Future well-designed longitudinal studies are still needed to validate the effect of tobacco exposure on HPV infection by NNAL.
A simple clinical score to reduce unnecessary testing for Puumala hantavirus
Authors: Brockmann Justus , Kleines Michael , Ghaffari Laleh Narmin , Kather Jakob Nikolas , Wied Stephanie , Floege Jürgen , Braun Gerald S.
Published: May 2024

Background

Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) causes nephropathia epidemica (NE), an endemic form of transient acute renal injury (AKI). Serological testing is the mainstay of diagnosis. It was the aim of the present study to assist decision-making for serological testing by constructing a simple tool that predicts the likelihood of PUUV positivity.

Methods

We conducted a comparative cohort study of all PUUV-tested cases at Aachen University tertiary care center in Germany between mid-2013 and mid-2021. N = 293 qualified for inclusion; N = 30 had a positive test result and clinical NE; N = 263 were negative. Two predictive point scores, the Aachen PUUV Score (APS) 1 and 2, respectively, were derived with the aid of logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis by determining the presence of four admission parameters. For internal validation, the internal Monte Carlo method was applied. In addition, partial external validation was performed using an independent historic cohort of N = 41 positive cases of NE.

Results

APS1 is recommended for clinical use as it estimated the probability of PUUV positivity in the entire medical population tested. With a range from 0 to 6 points, it yielded an area under the curve of 0.94 by allotting 2 points each for fever or headache and 1 point each for AKI or LDH>300 U/L. A point sum of 0–2 safely predicted negativity for PUUV, as was confirmed in the NE validation cohort.

Conclusion

Here, we present a novel, easy-to-use tool to guide the diagnostic management of suspected PUUV infection/NE and to safely avoid unnecessary serological testing, as indicated by point sum class 0–2. Since 67% of the cohort fell into this stratum, half of the testing should be avoidable in the future.
High risk of burnout syndrome and associated factors in medical students: A cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Ilic Irena , Zivanovic Macuzic Ivana , Ilic Milena
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Although research on burnout syndrome in medical students has increased in recent years, results are inconsistent about which factors are associated with a high risk for burnout syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of high risk of burnout syndrome and to identify factors associated with burnout in medical students in preclinical and clinical training.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Kragujevac, Serbia. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey and an epidemiological questionnaire on basic socio-demographic and academic characteristics were used. Statistical evaluation was performed through logistic regression analysis, using Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI).

Results

Among medical students, no statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of high risk of burnout syndrome in preclinical (14.8%) and clinical grade (15.1%), p > 0.05. High risk for burnout syndrome in preclinical study years was independently associated with the female sex (adjusted OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.19–0.91, p = 0.028), and cigarette smoking (adjusted OR = 2.47, 95%CI = 1.05–5.78, p = 0.038). The high risk of burnout syndrome was associated with sedatives use (adjusted OR = 4.03, 95%CI = 1.27–12.73; p = 0.018) only in clinical years medical students. The frequency of alcohol consumption was correlated with the high risk of burnout syndrome in medical students in both preclinical and clinical training, but without statistical significance (both p for trend < 0.1).

Conclusion

There was a significant prevalence of burnout among medical students, with some modifiable associated factors revealed.
A novel immunofluorescent test system for SARS-CoV-2 detection in infected cells
Authors: Rak Alexandra , Matyushenko Victoria , Prokopenko Polina , Kostromitina Arina , Polyakov Dmitry , Sokolov Alexey , Rudenko Larisa , Isakova-Sivak Irina
Published: May 2024

Highly variable pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes the hazardous COVID-19 infection, has been persistent in the human population since late 2019. A prompt assessment of individual and herd immunity against the infection can be accomplished by using rapid tests to determine antiviral antibody levels. The microneutralization assay (MN) is one of the most widely used diagnostic methods that has been proposed to assess the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of virus-specific humoral immunity in COVID-19 convalescents or vaccine recipients. However, some aspects of the assay, such as sensitivity and time cost, need improvement. Here, we developed an express test, which may be potentially used in clinical practice for the assessment of serum-caused SARS-CoV-2 inhibition in infected cell cultures. It implies the detection and counting of coronaviral fluorescent-forming units (FFU) and includes two sequentially used developing components: biotinylated mouse monoclonal antibodies against the recombinant N protein of SARS-CoV-2 (B.1) and the recombinant EGFP-streptavidin fusion protein. Due to the universal specificity of the antibodies, our analytical tool is suitable for the detection of various strains of SARS-CoV-2 when determining both the infectious titer of viruses and the titer of serum virus-neutralizing antibodies. The developed two-component test system is characterized by high sensitivity, a reduced number of analytic stages and low assay cost, as well as by flexibility, since it may be modified for detection of other pathogens using the appropriate antibodies.
Hydrodynamic performance of Ordovician archaeostracan carapaces
Authors: Pates Stephen , Xue Yuan
Published: May 2024

The diversification of macroscopic pelagic arthropods such as caryocaridid archaeostracans was a crucial aspect of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, and the plankton revolution. A pelagic mode of life has been inferred for caryocaridids from their common presence in black graptolitic shales alongside carapace morphologies that appear streamlined. However, the hydrodynamic performance within the group and comparisons with other archaeostracans were lacking. Here we use a computational fluid dynamics approach to quantify the hydrodynamic performance of caryocaridids, and other early Palaeozoic archaeostracans including Arenosicaris inflata and Ordovician ceratiocaridids. We show that streamlining of the carapace was an important factor facilitating a pelagic mode of life in caryocaridids, in reducing the drag coefficient and facilitating a broader range of lift coefficients at different angles of attack. However, comparable hydrodynamic performance is also recovered for some ceratiocaridids. This suggests that alongside carapace streamlining, adaptations to appendages and thinning of the carapace were also important for a pelagic mode of life in Ordovician caryocaridids.
The success elements of humor use in workplace leadership: A proposed framework with cognitive and emotional competencies
Authors: Rosenberg Caroline , Caballero Catherine L. , Hayley Alexa , Walker Arlene
Published: May 2024

This qualitative study aims to investigate the competencies and effectiveness of humor use in workplace leadership. By exploring the elements underlying successful and unsuccessful humor use, this research offers insights into the competencies required for leaders to leverage humor effectively. Adopting a qualitative inductive approach, fifteen individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, generating a dataset of 51 critical incidents of humor use. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes, resulting in the identification of five central elements: Reading the context, Intention and motivation, Judgement and decision, Skillful delivery, and Understanding reactions. These elements provide a comprehensive framework for understanding humor use in the context of workplace leadership, emphasizing the importance of cognitive and emotional intelligence / competencies. The study proposes a theoretical framework based on these findings, providing the foundation of a new paradigm for understanding and measuring humor use. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the competencies and complexities involved in using humor as a leadership tool and provides practical implications for leaders aiming to enhance their leadership effectiveness through humor.
Multimodal MALDI imaging mass spectrometry for improved diagnosis of melanoma
Authors: Zhang Wanqiu , Patterson Nathan Heath , Verbeeck Nico , Moore Jessica L. , Ly Alice , Caprioli Richard M. , De Moor Bart , Norris Jeremy L. , Claesen Marc
Published: May 2024

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) provides promising avenues to augment histopathological investigation with rich spatio-molecular information. We have previously developed a classification model to differentiate melanoma from nevi lesions based on IMS protein data, a task that is challenging solely by histopathologic evaluation. Most IMS-focused studies collect microscopy in tandem with IMS data, but this microscopy data is generally omitted in downstream data analysis. Microscopy, nevertheless, forms the basis for traditional histopathology and thus contains invaluable morphological information. In this work, we developed a multimodal classification pipeline that uses deep learning, in the form of a pre-trained artificial neural network, to extract the meaningful morphological features from histopathological images, and combine it with the IMS data. To test whether this deep learning-based classification strategy can improve on our previous results in classification of melanocytic neoplasia, we utilized MALDI IMS data with collected serial H&E stained sections for 331 patients, and compared this multimodal classification pipeline to classifiers using either exclusively microscopy or IMS data. The multimodal pipeline achieved the best performance, with ROC-AUCs of 0.968 vs. 0.938 vs. 0.931 for the multimodal, unimodal microscopy and unimodal IMS pipelines respectively. Due to the use of a pre-trained network to perform the morphological feature extraction, this pipeline does not require any training on large amounts of microscopy data. As such, this framework can be readily applied to improve classification performance in other experimental settings where microscopy data is acquired in tandem with IMS experiments.
Immunomodulatory activity of argentatins A and B isolated from guayule
Authors: Silva-Nolasco Aniela M. , de la Cruz-Morcillo Miguel A. , García-Martínez M. Mercedes , Zalacain Amaya , Gálvez Beatriz G. , Carmona Manuel
Published: May 2024

Argentatins are secondary metabolites synthesized by guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) with numerous potential medical applications. In addition to inhibiting insect growth, they are endowed with several pharmacological properties including antimicrobial and antitumorigenic activity. However, their potential as immunomodulators remains unexplored. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether argentatins can modulate the function of the immune system. Human mesenchymal stem cells were treated with argentatins and the production of several anti- and proinflammatory cytokines was evaluated. The effect of argentatins on the polarization of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and macrophages was also assessed. Results demonstrated that argentatins can modulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the polarization of cellular phenotypes, including Th2 lymphocytes and M1 macrophages. These findings suggest that argentatins are promising therapeutic agents in autoimmune or allergic diseases, and open new perspectives for the investigation of argentatins in immune response and in the development of more targeted and effective immunomodulatory therapies.
Fabrication of Multifunctional (Co2+x Fe2+1-x)(Al3+yFe3+2-y)O4 Ferrite @Graphene Oxide@Titania and Its Biological Activities
Authors: Kala E. , Yogapriya M. , Vasanthi P. , Chitrarasu S.
Published: May 2024

Recently, a variety of metal oxide-based nanomaterial has been integrated in several applications and achieved excellent performances on cyclic capacitor, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. Titania doped cobalt aluminium ferrite fabricated graphene oxide based nanocomposites have received much attention. In this work, cobalt aluminium ferrite (Co2+xFe2+1-x)(Al3+yFe3+2-y)O4@ graphene oxide@titania nanocomposite was prepared at different ratios exhibiting the enhanced properties. Initally, the ferrite nanoparticles (Co2+xFe2+1-x)(Al3+yFe3+2-y)O4 spinal (0 ≤ x and y ≥ 2) (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and y = 1.0, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2, 0) powder were synthesized by substitution of A- and B-sites via sol-gel method using citrate as precursor. The obtained powder was calcined at 800 ºC for 4 h. The coating of graphene oxide was done through solvothermal hydrolysis and powder obtained was calcined at 600 ºC for 2 h followed by the second coating of titania was also performed similarly. The obtained multifuntional ferrite also showed potential antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) as well as Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). The synthesized multifaceted spinal ferrites also showed moderate antioxidant activity of 59%.
Adsorption of Brilliant Green Dye Using Raw and Activated Adsorbent Prepared from Sesbania Leaves
Authors: Yadav Renu , Sharma Anoop Kumar , Yadav Anil
Published: May 2024

In present study, the adsorption of brilliant green (BG) dye from an aqueous solution using raw sesbania leaves (RSL) and activated adsorbent of sesbania leaves (ACSL), batch adsorption studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of various parameters such as contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature on the removal of BG dye from aqueous solution. The maximum percentage removal of BG dye using RSL and ACSL was 73.2 and 93.8, respectively. The best-fitted isotherm for equilibrium data was Freundlich’s and Langmuir’s for ACSL and RSL adsorbents, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained were 158.74 mg/g and 98.41 mg/g for adsorption of BG dye on ACSL and RSL, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model best fit for the adsorption kinetic studies, which showed that the adsorption of BG dye on both adsorbents (RSL and ACSL) was limited by the chemisorption process. Thermodynamics parameters such as (ΔGº), (ΔHº) and (ΔSº) were also calculated. At 293 K to 333 K, the values of ΔGº lie in the range of 0.9346 to 1.1971 and 6.1199 to 9.0231 for RSL and ACSL, respectively, indicating that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.
Multilayer Nano-Structure for Enhanced Sensitivity of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor
Authors: Nguyen Tan Tai
Published: May 2024

In this work, we demonstrated the figure of merits (FOM) of the plasmonic refractive index sensor using prism based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The multilayer structure comprising of the stacked layers of prism/TiO2/Ag/MoS2 with an operating wavelength of near-infrared region used for SPR excitation. It is reported that the optical reflectance spectrum of the SPR sensor can be easily tuned by changing the thicknesses of TiO2, Ag and MoS2 layers. With the optimized thicknesses of the TiO2, Ag and MoS2 layers at 180, 35 and 5 nm, respectively, the findings show that the SPR sensor was obtained at about 102/RIU, which corresponds to a sensor sensitivity of 96.28 º/RIU. This refractive index sensor shows the great sensitivity and detection accuracy by enabling biochemical detection utilizing a small volume of liquid for biological diagnosis.
Disaster Risk and Resource Management System: Focus on the Efficient Operation and Management
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Seo Hyun Jeong , Choi Yoon Jung , Chung Yon Ha , Joo Eun Cheol , Song Tae Jung
Published: May 2024

In this study, we present a disaster situation and response resource management system. This system aims to proactively prepare for and respond to both single and complex disaster scenarios within a city. Additionally, we propose strategies for the effective operation of such resource management systems during emergencies. Notably, we leverage blockchain technology to enhance the transparency of disaster management resource operations and the overall system. While our research successfully designed and developed a disaster resource management system using 4th industrial revolution technologies, practical considerations remain. This process is critical not only for the secure operation of disaster management resources but also for the overall usability of the prototype system, especially when integrating it with government departments and management agencies. The feasibility of blockchain implementation in this context needs further review and evaluation. Future studies will focus on refining the prototype system to enhance its performance and ultimately create a practical solution for real-world disaster response.
A Study on the Relationship between ESG Evaluation and Corporate Value of Companies Allocated in the Emissions Trading Scheme
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Sim Seon Taek , Shin Dong Hoon
Published: May 2024

This research analyzed the impact of Korea's carbon emission trading system, a policy tool for net-zero carbon emissions, on corporate value. We selected 214 listed companies from 2011 to 2022, assigned to the management period and the 1-3 planning periods of the emission trading system, as samples. Using financial data and ESG ratings, we empirically analyzed their impact on corporate value, but found no significant effect from each planning period of the emission trading system. However, we found a positive correlation between high ESG ratings and increased corporate value, suggesting that the impact on corporate value may vary depending on the planning period and further research is needed. In a simplified form, the study analyzed the impact of the carbon emission trading system on corporate value and found that companies with higher ESG ratings tended to have increased value. However, the impact of each planning period of the trading system on corporate value was unclear, indicating that the effects may vary by planning period and further research is necessary.
Factors Influencing of Walking Exercise on the Quality of Life of Community Residents Participation
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Rho In Suk , Song Mi Seung
Published: May 2024

This study is a descriptive survey to identify the effects of walking exercise participation on the quality of life among residents aged 60 years or older in a community. The subjects were 271 residents who participated in the walking exercise program in G County, and the data were analyzed using t-test, χ2-test, and multiple regression analysis methods with SPSS 23 program. In the difference test, gender, health status, and walking exercise participation were significant, and in the correlation, there was a positive correlation between the degree of walking exercise participation and subjective happiness, subjective happiness and self-efficacy, subjective happiness and quality of life, walking exercise participation and quality of life, and self-efficacy and quality of life. Factors influencing the quality of life were education level, health status, and walking exercise participation, and the explanatory power was 24.4%. In conclusion, to improve the quality of life of residents living in communities, it is necessary to focus on developing programs that allow them to participate in physical activities such as walking exercise continuously.
Predictors of Weight-Control Behavior According to Gender of Obese Older Adults
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Eunha , Choi Hye Young
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to identify factors associated with weight-control behavior according to the gender of obese older adults based on their socio-demographic and health characteristics. The sample consisted of a total of 1,559 obese older adults and was extracted from the Eighth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019~2021). As the factors associated with weight-control behavior among obese older men, 65-74 years old, higher education level and attempting dietary control increased the likelihood of weight-control behavior. As the factors associated with weight-control behavior among obese older women, 65-74 years old, higher education level, higher income level, currently not smoking, trying to perform strength exercise and attempting dietary control increased the likelihood of weight-control behavior. The finding indicate that nursing strategies should be gender-specific to improve weight-control behavior in obese older adults.
A Study on Improvement Measures of Safety Inspection and Grading System of Agricultural Reservoirs
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Seulgi , Lee Sungsu , Lee Young Kyu , Baik Sangyi
Published: May 2024

Accidents in agricultural reservoirs continue to occur due to heavy rain caused by abnormal weather conditions. To prevent reservoir accidents, it is necessary to identify factors affecting collapse and manage them safely through prior inspection and repair. For reservoirs with a total storage capacity of less than 50,000㎥, which accounts for 81% of reservoirs nationwide, regular inspections conducted at least once a quarter are the only safety inspection procedures, and the conduct of regular inspections can be seen as a measure of safety inspections. As a result of the survey, it was determined that the implementation status of regular inspection was low at 46%, and problems were analyzed and improvement measures were proposed. Additionally, if the factor affecting collapse is a member with a low score, it is difficult to reflect the results of regular inspection in the safety grade. In this study, we analyzed the problems with the regular inspection grading system and proposed an improvement plan by borrowing and applying the condition evaluation method of precise safety diagnosis, assessing overflow risk, and considering downstream impacts.
Erudición griega y romana en Schol. Veron. Aen. 3, 705: los límites de la atribución de fragmentos
Authors: Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén Lucía , Uría Javier
Published: May 2024

A partir de un pasaje deficientemente transmitido (Schol. Veron. Aen. 3, 705) que ha sido atribuido a varios autores griegos y latinos, este trabajo reflexiona, en general, sobre los riesgos que plantea la adscripción de fragmentos transmitidos por fuentes con dificultades textuales, y revisa, en particular, las diferentes propuestas sobre la autoría del pasaje en cuestión. El fragmento analiza las formas adoptadas por los gentilicios de los topónimos griegos, como Selinus y Amathus, y aporta evidencia sobre los campeones olímpicos. Esta contribución intenta explicar todo esto dentro del contexto, incluyendo una propuesta para la reconstrucción del texto original.
La parresía de Aquiles. Libertad de expresión entre Homero y Luciano de Samosata
Authors: Camerotto Alberto
Published: May 2024

La parresía, la libertad de pensamiento y de expresión, es uno de los fundamentos, en primer lugar, de la idea de democracia. Nació de los primeros experimentos de democracia en la Atenas del siglo V a.C., lo sabemos bien. Para nosotros no hay libertad, no hay igualdad, si no existen estas libertades de pensar y decir todo delante de todos. La libertad de expresión, el discurso crítico, la multiplicidad de pensamientos y voces son principios esenciales. Nadie puede decir que posee la verdad, nadie puede imponer su pensamiento único, su dogma. Es el primer antídoto contra la autocracia. Aquí entonces la palabra crítica sirve para cuestionar las convenciones, las inercias y las incrustaciones de toda sociedad. Puede desenmascarar cualquier propaganda, cualquier mistificación, cualquier ilusión. Aquiles, entre la Ilíada, la Odisea y los diálogos de Luciano, es quizás nuestro primer arquetipo, contra los errores y el poder de Agamenón, pero también contra las ilusiones y convenciones de la ética heroica.
Nicea y la alteridad en Dios: relevancia ontológica, génesis dogmática y alcance histórico-salvífico
Authors: Marín Mena Tomás J.
Published: May 2024

El Concilio de Nicea afirmó la divinidad plena del Hijo a través del homoousios con el fin de garantizar que Jesucristo es el verdadero salvador y divinizador del ser humano. Este artículo muestra la pertinencia del concepto de la alteridad intratrinitaria de Dios como correlato de la fórmula cristológica, así como el consenso teológico al respecto desde el pasado siglo. Si Cristo pertenece a la realidad divina, significa que Dios no vive en soledad eterna consigo mismo, sino que es pura relación interpersonal. En este sentido, enseñamos el modo en que este concepto fue fraguado por la patrística prenicena y clarificado por los capadocios. De las repercusiones de dicha comprensión de Dios han de hacerse cargo tanto la ontología filosófica como el conjunto de la teología sistemática. Por ello, atenderemos a la proyección económico-salvífica de la alteridad intratrinitaria, considerando particularmente las doctrinas de la creación y la encarnación.
La relación entre las congregaciones marianas y Acción Católica en los años 40 desde la perspectiva de la Compañía de Jesús
Authors: García Ocón Jorge
Published: May 2024

Tras el final de la Guerra Civil, a lo largo de los años 40, en el seno de la Iglesia española se vivió un debate sobre la fórmula de organización del apostolado seglar. Desde la perspectiva de las congregaciones marianas se defendió una colaboración fraternal entre asociaciones, de acuerdo con los dictados de Pío XII y su antecesor, frente a la postura centralizadora y uniformadora de algunos católicos. Para ello, llevaron a cabo una estrategia concreta que acabó dando sus frutos con la constitución apostólica Bis Saeculari.
Belt tension measurement and monitoring of load securing straps by using resistive stitch-based strain sensors
Authors: Lesser Norman , Sadlowsky Bernd
Published: May 2024

This paper focusses on the evaluation of stitch-based strain sensors suitability for the belt tension measuring and monitoring of load securing straps in road freight transportation. Formerly developed stitch-based strain sensor applications were embroidered on a commercial load securing strep, compliant with established industrial standards for load security in the Federal Republic of Germany. The applications were tested in lashing experiments, simulating the securing of a dummy load in road freight transportation. The experiment results showed that they are capable of measuring and monitoring applied amounts of belt tension with a computable change in stitch-resistance. However, cyclic belt tensioning causes strain wear on the stitched applications, resulting in resistance and sensitivity drift.
Hash Value Security Improvement of PCS Password using Signed Binary Operation
Authors: Rahmadi Haikal , Nurwicaksono Ary Bayu
Published: May 2024

Convenience and security have always been inversely related requirements in data protection systems. Users want a short and simple password that is easy to remember. On the other hand, the system that is widely used in securing user data, especially passwords, is using a one-way message digest. In addition, users are also required to use complex passwords through a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols. It aims to increase security but a complex password will make it difficult for users to remember their passwords. Even though a complex password does not necessarily make it secure because it's still on a PCS which is vulnerable to hacking. Moreover, in the current development of cybersecurity science where password hacking systems are very easy to obtain and can be used by anyone to find hash value of password on PCS quickly. A preliminary test that has been carried out proves that even complex passwords can be hacked easily. This study proposes the use of a code extension system for passwords before the hashing process is carried out through two simple schemes C1 and C2 through bitwise xor and addition operators respectively. The code from the password data is mapped out of PCS by using a unique value of data. Experimental results show that the C1 scheme is able to thwart hacking attempts by 80%, while C2 is able to increase the security of alphanumeric passwords by up to 90%. The proposed method is able to make a simple but strong password system.
Implementasi Profile Matching untuk Mengukur Kualitas Website Sistem Informasi Desa Sidokerto Menggunakan Model McCall
Authors: Santosa Zahra Awalia , Chusnani Muhammad Yoga Pratama , Purbaningtyas Rani , Wulandari Sholihah Ayu
Published: May 2024

Di era perkembangan informasi teknologi, Website Sistem Informasi Desa Sidokerto dimanfaatkan untuk memberikan informasi terkini kepada terkait perkembangan masyarakat desa tersebut. Untuk memastikan kualitas Website Sistem Informasi Desa Sidokerto, perlu melakukan pengujian perangkat lunak. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mencegah kesalahan serta memastikan bahwa semua fitur dan fungsionalitasnya berjalan dengan baik. Dalam pengujian ini, kami menggunakan metode Profile Matching yang disesuaikan dengan indikator dari Model McCall. Fokus utamanya adalah pada aspek Product Operation, yang mencakup Correctness, Reliability, Usability, Integrity, dan Efficiency. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas website tersebut mencapai nilai rata-rata sebesar 4,5, yang menunjukkan kriteria yang sangat baik. Meskipun demikian, tetap diperlukan beberapa perbaikan pada sistem untuk meningkatkan kualitas secara keseluruhan.
From Zero to Hero: Detecting Leaked Data through Synthetic Data Injection and Model Querying
Authors: Wu Biao , Huang Qiang , Tung Anthony K. H.
Published: May 2024

Safeguarding the Intellectual Property (IP) of data has become critically important as machine learning applications continue to proliferate, and their success heavily relies on the quality of training data. While various mechanisms exist to secure data during storage, transmission, and consumption, fewer studies have been developed to detect whether they are already leaked for model training without authorization. This issue is particularly challenging due to the absence of information and control over the training process conducted by potential attackers.

In this paper, we concentrate on the domain of tabular data and introduce a novel methodology, Local Distribution Shifting Synthesis (LDSS), to detect leaked data that are used to train classification models. The core concept behind LDSS involves injecting a small volume of synthetic data-characterized by local shifts in class distribution-into the owner's dataset. This enables the effective identification of models trained on leaked data through model querying alone, as the synthetic data injection results in a pronounced disparity in the predictions of models trained on leaked and modified datasets. LDSS is
model-oblivious
and hence compatible with a diverse range of classification models. We have conducted extensive experiments on seven types of classification models across five real-world datasets. The comprehensive results affirm the reliability, robustness, fidelity, security, and efficiency of LDSS. Extending LDSS to regression tasks further highlights its versatility and efficacy compared with baseline methods.
NeutronOrch: Rethinking Sample-Based GNN Training under CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Environments
Authors: Ai Xin , Wang Qiange , Cao Chunyu , Zhang Yanfeng , Chen Chaoyi , Yuan Hao , Gu Yu , Yu Ge
Published: May 2024

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown exceptional performance across a wide range of applications. Current frameworks leverage CPU-GPU heterogeneous environments for GNN model training, incorporating mini-batch and sampling techniques to mitigate GPU memory constraints. In such settings, sample-based GNN training can be divided into three phases: sampling, gathering, and training. Existing GNN systems deploy various task orchestration methods to execute each phase on either the CPU or GPU. However, through comprehensive experimentation and analysis, we observe that these task orchestration approaches do not optimally exploit the available heterogeneous resources, hindered by either inefficient CPU processing or GPU resource bottlenecks.

In this paper, we propose NeutronOrch, a system for sample-based GNN training that ensures balanced utilization of the CPU and GPU. NeutronOrch decouples the training process by layer and pushes down the training task of the bottom layer to the CPU. This significantly reduces the computational load and memory footprint of GPU training. To avoid inefficient CPU processing, NeutronOrch only offloads the training of frequently accessed vertices to the CPU and lets GPU reuse their embeddings with bounded staleness. Furthermore, NeutronOrch provides a fine-grained pipeline design for the layer-based task orchestrating method. The experimental results show that compared with the state-of-the-art GNN systems, NeutronOrch can achieve up to 11.51× performance speedup.
Fight Fire with Fire: Towards Robust Graph Neural Networks on Dynamic Graphs via Actively Defense
Authors: Li Haoyang , Di Shimin , Li Calvin Hong Yi , Chen Lei , Zhou Xiaofang
Published: May 2024

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success on various graph tasks. However, recent studies have revealed that GNNs are vulnerable to injective attacks. Due to the openness of platforms, attackers can inject malicious nodes with carefully designed edges and node features, making GNNs misclassify the labels of target nodes. To resist such adversarial attacks, recent researchers propose GNN defenders. They assume that the attack patterns have been known, e.g., attackers tend to add edges between dissimilar nodes. Then, they remove edges between dissimilar nodes from attacked graphs, aiming to alleviate the negative impact of adversarial attacks. Nevertheless, on dynamic graphs, attackers can change their attack strategies at different times, making existing passive GNN defenders that are passively designed for specific attack patterns fail to resist attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel active GNN defender for dynamic graphs, namely ADGNN, which actively injects guardian nodes to protect target nodes from effective attacks. Specifically, we first formulate an active defense objective to design guardian node behaviors. This objective targets to disrupt the prediction of attackers and protect easily attacked nodes, thereby preventing attackers from generating effective attacks. Then, we propose a gradient-based algorithm with two acceleration techniques to optimize this objective. Extensive experiments on four real-world graph datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed defender and its capacity to enhance existing GNN defenders.
Perspectives of pteridophytes microbiome for bioremediation in agricultural applications
Authors: Rout Yasaswinee , Swain Soumya Sephalika , Ghana Madhusmita , Dash Debabrata , Nayak Shubhransu
Published: May 2024

The microbiome is the synchronised congregation of millions of microbial cells in a particular ecosystem. The rhizospheric, phyllospheric, and endospheric microbial diversity of lower groups of plants like pteridophytes, which includes the Ferns and Fern Allies, have also given numerous alternative opportunities to achieve greener and sustainable agriculture. The broad-spectrum bioactivities of these microorganisms, including bioremediation of heavy metals (HMs) in contaminated soil, have been drawing the attention of agricultural researchers for the preparation of bioformulations for applications in climate-resilient and versatile agricultural production systems. Pteridophytes have an enormous capacity to absorb HMs from the soil. However, their direct application in the agricultural field for HM absorption seems infeasible. At the same time, utilisation of Pteridophyte-associated microbes having the capacity for bioremediation have been evaluated and can revolutionise agriculture in mining and mineral-rich areas. In spite of the great potential, this group of microbiomes has been less studied. Under these facts, this prospective review was carried out to summarise the basic and applied research on the potential of Pteridophyte microbiomes for soil bioremediation and other agricultural applications globally. Gaps have also been indicated to present scopes for future research programmes.
Sparks from the Clouds: a modern Buddhist poem
Authors: Hopkins John A. F.
Published: May 2024

Although published only two years after Eliot’s famous modernist poem “The Waste Land” (1922), Miyazawa Kenji’s 52-line “Haru to Shura” (1924) is already very nearly as modern. The two poems, examined here using my expanded version of Riffaterre’s semiotic theory, have analogous propositional structure. One proposition concerns the faithless majority of mankind; the other involves a heavenly personage of potentially rehabilitating power. In Miyazawa’s case, the former is represented by Japanese peasants; the latter is the “Shura” – normally an unruly member of the lowest rank of Buddhist demigods. Miyazawa’s modernist message reverses the roles of these two personae: the Shura only wants to be recognized by the peasant he spies below his abode in the clouds. The peasant comes off as the lesser of the two beings because of his obdurate fixation on the soil. Miyazawa enhances the contrast of roles by painting the spring landscape – normally a season of burgeoning nature – in somber colors. This is a spring (haru) in which no birds sing, and the ranks of cypress trees are black. Commentaries by Japanese critics, plus one by one of my students, are examined: none can distance themselves from common sociolectic concepts of the seasons and the peasant population. Miyazawa, a devout Buddhist, is thus expressing a novel view of the people’s attitude to religion which they themselves are culpably unaware of. Their attitude is thus very close to that of the various personages in Eliot’s poem.
A semiotic grammar of Vedic Sanskrit
Authors: Bonta Steven
Published: May 2024

In this study, we apply the methodology of semiotic or interpretive grammar, based on the Peircean ontological Categories and developed in previous work with respect to Mandarin Chinese, to Vedic Sanskrit, a language whose grammar we have previously shown to be constrained by Peircean Thirdness or [+3]. We show the Peircean Category of Thirdness, with all of the paradigmatic and syntagmatic configurations implied thereby, to be richly exemplified throughout Sanskrit grammar, at the morphosyntactic, lexical, and phonological levels. In particular, the Peircean Triad implied by [+3] is found to permeate the syntagmatic structuring not only of clauses, but also of the morphology within both nouns and finite verbs, and even the ordering of phonemes. We also describe the operation of the constraint [+3] paradigmatically in noun declension, verb conjugation, lexical variation, and consonant classification. We conclude that, while “interpretive grammar,” as with all other forms of grammatical description, can never be framed in a way that excludes all exceptions and “messiness,” a semiotic approach to a systematic description has a significant advantage over conventional “descriptive” grammars in furnishing a unified account of different levels of language, from morphosyntax all the way down to phonology, and of both syntagmatic and paradigmatic structures.
Sign detection for cuneiform tablets
Authors: Cobanoglu Yunus , Sáenz Luis , Khait Ilya , Jiménez Enrique
Published: May 2024

Among the many excavated cuneiform tablets, only a small portion has been analyzed by Assyriologists. Learning how to read cuneiform is a lengthy and challenging process that can take years to complete. This work aims to improve the automatic detection of cuneiform signs from 2D images of cuneiform tablets. The results can later be used for NLP tasks such as semantic annotation, word alignment and machine translation to assist Assyriologists in their research. We introduce the largest publicly available annotated dataset of cuneiform signs to date. It comprises of 52,102 signs from 315 fully annotated tablets, equating to 512 distinct images. In addition, we have preprocessed and refined four existing datasets, resulting in a comprehensive collection of 88,536 signs. Since some signs are not localized on fully annotated tablets, the total dataset encompasses 593 fully annotated cuneiform tablets, resulting in 654 images. Our efforts to expand this dataset are ongoing. Furthermore, we evaluate two state-of-the-art methods to establish benchmarks in the field. The first is a two-stage supervised sign detection approach that involves: (1) the identification of bounding boxes, and (2) the classification of each sign within these boxes. The second method employs an object detection model. Given the numerous classes and their varied distribution, the task of cuneiform sign detection poses a significant challenge in machine learning. This paper aims to lay a groundwork for future research, offering both a substantial dataset and initial methodologies for sign detection on cuneiform tablets.