bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review: Neoliberalism and Cyberpunk Science Fiction: Living on the Edge of Burnout, Caroline Alphin, Routledge, 2021.
Authors: Schmeink Lars
Published: January 2022

Review of Neoliberalism and Cyberpunk Science Fiction: Living on the Edge of Burnout by Caroline Alphin.
Sleep Disorders During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moghadam Zahra Behboodi , Rezaei Elham , Rahmani Azam
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to asses previous research results about bio-physiological alterations during pregnancy and postpartum, and make clear outlook about prevalence and related factors of sleep disorders during pregnancy and postpartum. In this review, the articles that published from 2000 to 2019 were reviewed. Related articles were searched from databases in English language. After evaluation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles were chosen and reviewed based on the University of York strategies. Sleep disorders in present study were classified according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3. The search revealed 4449 articles, after evaluating and assessing qualified articles, finally 56 article selected to review. According to the results of this review, The prevalence of sleep disorders was almost 76%–97% in whole pregnancy. The most common sleep disorders included central disorders of hyper somnolence (waking up in the middle of the night, daytime sleepiness, sleeplessness) or insomnia, sleep-related movement disorders (restless legs syndrome), sleep related breathing disorders (obstructive sleep apnea), and parasomnia. In addition, sleep disorder may continue 3–12 months postpartum (33.2%). Sleep disorders induced by physiological processes (fetal movement, excessive weight gain, male sex of the fetus, and multiparty), health-related risks (metabolism disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and mood disorders), and physical or sexual abuse in childhood. In addition, these disorders could have maternal outcomes that can be greatest trigger to postpartum psychiatric disorders and fetal outcomes that have harmful sequences during childhood (sexual, fertility, emotional, and cognitive problems). Health care providers should evaluate the mothers’ sleep quality because sleep disorder leads to harmful consequences in fetuses and children.
[RETRACTED] Dtrim Advanced Support Pills Reviews v1
Authors: not provided usedtrimpills
Published: January 2022

[RETRACTED]

https://www.ottawalife.com/article/dtrim-advanced-support-canada-reviews-2022-free-trial-warning-updated-price-4-99-today
Pharyngeal Pumping Assay v1
Authors: J J. O'Brien Thomas
Published: January 2022

The pharynx is a is a neuromuscular pump found at the anterior end of the alimentary tract, consisting of 20 muscles and 20 neurons. A proper feeding rate in worms is coordinated by the precise timing of pharyngeal movements, with one complete cycle of synchronous contraction and relaxation of the corpus and terminal bulb termed a “pump”. A simple way to measure C. elegans feeding is to count how many times worms pump in a minute (pumps per minute). Movement of the grinder (in the terminal bulb) can easily be observed using a stereomicroscope, and because cycles of contraction/relaxation are synchronised along the pharynx, pumps per minute can be measured simply by counting grinder movements.
Wastewater QC workflow in GalaxyTrakr (SSQuAWK) v2
Authors: Amirzadegan Jasmine , Kayikcioglu Tunc , not provided hugh.rand , Timme Ruth , Balkey Maria
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE: Step-by-step instructions for checking sequence quality for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater samples using SSQuAWK: SARS - CoV - 2 Sequence Quality Assurance Workflow and Kontraption. The SSQuAWK workflow, implemented in a custom Galaxy instance, will produce quality assessments for raw reads (Illumina MiSeq paired-end fastq files). SCOPE: This protocol covers the following tasks: 1. Set up an account in GalaxyTrakr 2. Create a new history 3. Upload data 4. Execute the SSQuAWK workflow 5. Interpret the results Version history: V1: Basic protocol steps with screenshots V2: Addition of a detailed 12 minute video tutorial
Die Polonisierung der altpreußischen Eigennamen im Lichte der Sprachkontaktforschung
Authors: Blažienė Grasilda
Published: January 2022

Der Anfang des Zusammenlebens von Balten, in diesem Fall von Prußen, und Polen geht auf viele Jahrhunderte zurück. Es ist nicht möglich ein genaues Datum anzuführen, wann sich zwei Völker getroffen und deren Sprachsysteme zusammengestoßen haben. Das eine, in diesem Fall das Altpreußische hat spärliche Schriftdenkmäler zurückgelassen, geschweige von Tausenden Eigennamen, verstreut in allen von Prußen bewohnten Gebieten und in vielen Dokumenten des Deutschen Ordens niedergeschrieben. Apr. ONN wurden eingedeutscht und diese umgewandelten Formen haben die Prußen überlebt. Prozesse der Polonisierung haben sich auf eingedeutschte apr. ONN gestützt und in vielen Fällen auf das altpreußische Modell basierend. Es besteht kein Zweifel, dass Prußen weite Gebiete des heutigen Polens und Kaliningrader Gebietes bewohnt haben. Das Zusammenleben von Prußen, Deutschen und Polen in denselben Ländern führte zu Prozessen von Sprachkontakten und Namenintegration. Namenkundler, die das Namengut dieser Ländereien erforschen, sollten sehr ausführlich Prozesse der Übernahme von einem Sprachsystem in das andere beschreiben, ohne eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben der historischen Namenforschung aus den Augen zu lassen. Diese Aufgabe wäre, ausführliche Zeugnisse jedes einzelnen ONs aus den zuverlässigsten Quellen, d.h. den handschriftlichen Dokumenten, zu belegen. Onyme wandern aus einer Sprache in andere und lassen ihre Spuren in der Festlegung authentischer Grundform jedes einzelnen Namens. Sie arba gal Eben Onyme sind zuverlässige Zeugen der Lebensrealität und Geschichte. Diese Thesen werden durch Beispiele nachgewiesen, die bislang nicht entdeckt wurden oder einer anderen Interpretation in Werken von polnischen Namenforschern und in wichtigen Namenverzeichnissen unterliegen.
Afrykatyzacja palatalnego *r' w nazwach miejscowych i terenowych Pomorza Zachodniego
Authors: Duma Jerzy
Published: January 2022

W zapisach dawnych słowiańskich nazw miejscowych i terenowych Pomorza Zachodniego afrykatyzację *r' > ř, rz itp. obserwujemy na terenach sąsiadujących z gwarami kaszubsko-słowińskimi na wschód od rzeki Słupia oraz, rzadko, wzdłuż południowo-wschodniej granicy Pomorza. Na terenie niemieckiego Pomorza Przedniego, Meklemburgii i w dawnych słowiańskich gwarach Połabia afrykatyzacja *r' nie nastąpiła. Świadczy to o dawnym zróżnicowaniu dialektów lechickich na zachodnie, bez akomodacji *r' (a także częściowo bez zmian *t', *d' przed samogłoskami rzędu przedniego) oraz wschodnie, które cechowała afrykatyzacja *r' > ř, rz, š/ž (oraz *t' > ć, *d' > ȝ́ ). Brak akomodacji spowodowany był tendencją do utrzymania silniejszej wymowy sonantów. Rezultatem było częściowe stwardnienie systemu konsonantycznego, ograniczenie przegłosu pralechickiego, zachowanie bez metatezy grupy *tărt (typ karva 'krowa'), zlanie kontynuantów *l̥' i *l̥ > oł (typ vołk 'wilk'), zachowanie/zwokalizowanie w zanikłym dialekcie połabskim dawnych jerów słabych (typ blåxă 'pchła'). Stwierdzono liczne analogie do współczesnych gwar bułgarskich i macedońskich.
Some thoughts on the theoretical status of ethnonyms and demonyms
Authors: Coates Richard
Published: January 2022

In this paper I reflect on whether ethnonyms and demonyms can appropriately be considered proper names at all from the semantic perspective, and if so, on what basis. I believe the answer is yes, perhaps unsurprisingly, but there are troublesome conceptual tensions to overcome in the relation between logic and linguistics. Nevertheless an understanding of the difficulties can be constructive, and in this case it lead to a proposal for a terminological innovation that has useful consequences.
Procesy fonetyczne w śródgłosie imion chrześcijańskich Podlasian w XVI i XVII w. Wokalizm
Authors: Abramowicz Zofia
Published: January 2022

Artykuł jest poświęcony analizie procesów fonetycznych w obszarze wokalizmu w imionach chrześcijańskiej ludności Podlasia. Analiza pozwoliła ustalić, że przyswajanie i funkcjonowanie imion chrześcijańskich w języku potocznym i gwarach Podlasia w XVI-XVIIw. w obszarze wokalizmu określały uwarunkowania rozwoju fonologii ogólnosłowiańskiej oraz charakterystycznej dla języków i gwar regionu. W śródgłosie imion adaptacji ulegały samogłoski heterosylabiczne oraz dyftongi. Na przekształcenia samogłosek w badanym okresie wpłynęły zmiany w konsonantyzmie, jakość samogłosek w sąsiednich sylabach oraz akcent paroksytoniczny w języku polskim i dynamiczny i ruchomy w białoruskim.
Language strategies for the adaptation of Western brand names in Taiwan
Authors: Kałużyńska Irena
Published: January 2022

The paper deals with some language strategies in the domain of the adaptation of foreign brand names (trade names) in Taiwan (ROC) in the context of Chinese language, society and culture. It also presents the results of the author’s investigation into 50 Chinese/Taiwanese adaptations of brands of foreign food products. In the Chinese naming culture, proper names are predominantly semantically transparent and most members of Chinese society still believe that names can influence the fate of the objects named. It is evident, that brand names play a crucial role in the marketing of products and in their acceptance by the consumers, and ultimately their purchase decisions. Good and pleasing brand names contribute to the success of products, while improper and ugly names may contribute to their failure. In a time of globalization, many foreign products and brand names occur in Chinese-speaking countries, such as the PRC and Taiwan, probably the largest consumer markets in international business. Consumers’ behavior and language are usually among the major barriers to the international market, so it is important to know the linguistic and social content of Chinese names and typical language strategies for the adaptation of Western brand names.
Comparative study of the digital mammography data analysis system based on artificial intelligence “Celsus” and radiologists
Authors: Pavlovich P. I. , Bronov O. Yu. , Kapninsky A. A. , Abovich Yu. A. , Rychagova N. I.
Published: January 2022

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Experience in the use of ultrasound markers and clinical scales for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Rudenko V. A. , Kakaulina L. N.
Published: January 2022

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MAVİSEL YENER’İN ÇOCUK KİTAPLARININ ETKİLİ İLETİŞİM BECERİLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Hakkoymaz Sakine
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çocukların iletişim becerilerini etkileme gücüne sahip olan çocuk kitaplarındaki metinlerin etkili iletişim becerileri yönünden incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın veri setini, Mavisel Yener’in 2015-2020 yılları arasında çocuklar için yazılmış 12 çocuk kitabı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma, nitel bir araştırma olup veriler doküman incelemesi tekniğiyle toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya dâhil edilen kitaplar araştırmacı tarafından ilgili alan yazın taranarak ve başka alanlarda yapılan benzer çalışmaların veri toplama araçları incelenerek geliştirilen “Kitap Künye Formu” ve “Çocuk Kitaplarında Etkili İletişim Becerilerini İnceleme Formu” aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Bu formda etkili iletişim becerisinin unsurlarından empati, kendini açma, ben dili, dinleme, sözsüz iletişim, çatışma çözme ve güvengenliğe yer verilmiştir. Çocuk Kitaplarında Etkili iletişim Becerilerini İnceleme Formu’nda etkili iletişim becerileri kitaplardaki sıklık düzeyleriyle birlikte ve bu cümlelerin kitapta geçtiği sayfa numarasına göre kaydedilmiştir. Bu araştırmada elde edilen verilerin, analizi ve yorumlanmasında; nitel araştırmada veri analizi yöntemlerinden betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde frekans (f) ve yüzde (%)’den yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, incelenen çocuk kitaplarının tamamında etkili iletişim becerilerine yer verildiği görülmüştür. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre incelenen kitaplar; etkili iletişim becerisinin dağılımına göre değerlendirildiğinde en çok sözsüz iletişim ve dinleme becerisinin en az ise ben dili ve empati becerisinin kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları doğrultusunda, etkili iletişim becerisinin ele alındığı çok boyutlu çalışmaların yürütülmesi önerilmektedir.
Future of renewable energy in India for sustainable development
Authors: Ravichandran S , Madhumitha Sri R M , Mehraj Mahrukh , Sowmya Chundru
Published: January 2022

Renewable energy (wind energy, solar power, geothermal energy and tidal power) is the inexhaustible energy resulted from contineous regeneration. The main features of renewable energy is that it can be obtained without damaging the environment. It has been found that renewable energy sources have the ability to give solutions to environmental related problems being faced by mankind. India is highly populated country on this planet and has more energy demand. The renewable energy is one of the major options to meet this quality. Today, renewable energy account for 37% of India’s most energy consumptions. In this paper, efforts have been made to discuss the future of renewable energy of our country.
Harmful effects of malnutrition and possible sustainable solution
Authors: Ravichandran S , Mehraj Mahrukh , Feroz Fathima , Sri R M Madhumitha
Published: January 2022

Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet that does not supply a healthy amount of one or more nutrients. It is a condition characterized by lack of one or more essential nutrients from the diet or a surplus of some nutrients which affect the body negatively. Malnutrition consists of two types: undernutrition and overnutrition. Undernutrition involves the deficiency of macronutrients like protein or calories and micronutrients like iron, iodine and many more. Protein energy malnutrition is caused by the inadequate intake of protein and calories. It is further classified in three types, kwashiorkor, marasmus and marasmic kwashiorkor. Malnutrition mainly affects an individual’s immune system, lean body mass, cardio-respiratory functions, muscle functions. Malnutrition can be caused due to many factors including unavailability of food, poverty, higher food prices and many more. Strategies like biofortification and supplementation are used for the treatment of malnutrition.
A study of pre-analytical errors in the clinical biochemistry laboratory at Victoria hospital, BMCRI, Bangalore
Authors: Shanker J Sreeja , Vishwanath H L , Vibha C  , Krishna Muralidhara
Published: January 2022

To categorize and calculate the percentage error of pre-analytical variables in the clinical biochemistry laboratory.

Prospective observational study conducted for two months with documenting the frequency and type of pre-analytical errors occurring in venous samples.

The total errors recorded were 1.31%. Insufficient volume followed by haemolysis amounted to a major proportion of errors.

Continuous pre-analytical phase evaluation and taking corrective measures to make this phase error-free, have to be done.
Radical scavenging activity of fruit extracts Tribulus Terrestris with natural antioxidant Ascorbic acid: A comparative study
Authors: Ravichandran S , Sri R M Madhumitha , Dhandayuthapani S , Arifa A
Published: January 2022

The main aim of this work was to analyze through a systematic review the ability of Tribulusterrestris to promote the increase of hormonal levels as a mechanism for the relief of menopausal symptoms. The criteria used for the selection were: studies involving menopausal women and use of Tribulusterrestris as a treatment for sexual dysfunction and / or other menopausal symptoms. The survey of literature shows that women who used Tribulusterrestris had drastic improvement in symptoms such as vaginal lubrication, sensation in the genitals during intercourse and other constructive activities. In this study, we have found a significant increase in bioavailable testosterone after the use of the plant extracts which has great potential in the treatment of sexual intercourse and unique symptoms of menopause.
Investigation of multi-site micro recordings of subthalamic nucleus neurons using machine learning MER with DBS in Parkinson`s – A simulation study
Authors: Raju Venkateshwarla Rama
Published: January 2022

Multineural spikes were acquired with a multisite electrode placed in the hippocampus pyramidal cell layer of non-primate anesthetized snitch animals. If the impedance of each electrode-site is relatively low and the distance amongst electrode sites is appropriately miniatured, a spike generated by a neuron is parallelly recorded at multielectrode sites with different amplitudes. The covariance between the spike of the at each electrode-point and a template was computed as a damping-factor due to the volume conduction of the spike from the neuron to electrode-site. Computed damping factors were vectorized and analyzed by simple but elegant hierarchical-clustering using a multidimensional statistical-test. Since a cluster of damping vectors was shown to correspond to an antidromically identified neuron, spikes of distinct neurons are classified by suggesting to the scatterings of damping vectors. Errors in damping vector computing due to partially overlapping spikes were minimized by successively subtracting preceding spikes from raw data. Clustering errors due to complex-spike-bursts (i.e., spikes with variable-amplitudes) were prevented by detecting such bursts and using only the first spike of a burst for clustering.
A study of association of serum ferritin as a prognostic marker in acute cerebrovascular accident
Authors: B S Mythreini , M.K Uthayasankar , I.S.S Sumanbabu
Published: January 2022

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the third leading cause of death in developed countries and is now emerging as the commonest preventable life-threatening neurological problem worldwide. It makes an important contribution to morbidity and mortality in developed as well as developing countries. The prognosis of acute stroke is determined by a series of factors some of which may be used in the early stages of stroke to predict prognosis and mortality. However, the role of inflammatory markers in predicting functional outcome in stroke remains controversial, Iron and ferritin are known to have an important role in stroke as well as in other disorders. Serum ferritin which is considered as an acute phase reactant has also been used for assessing the severity and prognosis of stroke. Therefore, testing of serum ferritin is useful in identifying high risk patients.

1: To study the effect of level of serum ferritin with early neurological deterioration and the outcome in patients of acute stroke. 2: Association of serum ferritin in ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke.

50 patients with acute stroke were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Appropriate questionnaire was used to collect the data of patients. Diagnosis of stroke was confirmed by CT or MRI scan of brain and examination was done by Canadian stroke scale at the time of admission. About 5ml of venous blood Sample from cubital vein was collected for measuring serum ferritin levels, it was performed within 48hrs of onset of symptoms by using CLIA method. Neurological assessment was repeated on the day of discharge to assess the clinical improvement and prognosis of the stroke patients.

Totally 50 patients of acute stroke were included in our study, majority of the patients are males 35 (70%), and females are 15(30%). Approximately 36% were in the age group of 51-60 years. In this study ischemic stroke was seen in 45 (90%) of the patients and 5 (10%) had hemorrhagic stroke. The serum ferritin levels are normal in 41(82%) and high in 9(18%) of the patients. Canadian stroke scale interpretation on the day of discharge showed 20% of the patient are deteriorated, 66% are in the same status and 14% of the patients are improved clinically. The patients with haemorrhagic stroke had high serum ferritin level 60.0% and ischemic stroke are 13.3%. Those patients with high serum ferritin levels had higher deterioration in Canadian stroke scale (p<0.001). The mean serum ferritin levels are higher in deteriorated patients 199.29% when compared to other status group in Canadian stroke scale.

High levels of serum ferritin correlates well with early neurological deterioration of stroke patients. Based on this study finding, that high serum ferritin level within 48 hours after the onset of symptoms of stroke helps to predict the early prognosis. Therefore, testing of serum ferritin is useful in identifying high risk patients.
Evaluation of potential antidiabetic activity of abelmoschus esculentus and evidence of possible pharmacokinetic interaction with metformin
Authors: Chakraverty Raja , Sardar Debalina , Chakraborty Pranabesh
Published: January 2022

The study is aimed at the evaluation of potential activity of and possible interaction with metformin in animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus. Study objectives include study the anti-diabetic effect of for Diabetes Mellitus in animal models and also to study the effect of Abelmoschus esculentus with metformin and explore any interaction. Plant material was collected () followed by extraction of plant materials () Exudate collection of and activity test study was done (acute toxicity study, according to standard OECD guidelines) Experimental animals were divided into groups. Dosing was done for 28 days. Biochemical parameters were studied. Histopathology studies are done. Results showed that in this study administrations of Abelmoschus esculentus extract (2000mg/kg body weight) Metformin with extract (5mg/kg b.w. and 2000mg/kg body weight and Metformin 5mg/kg body weight decreased elevated blood glucose levels significantly from first to fourth week compared to diabetic control rats and showed minimal safety concerns.
Students’ perception on online learning during COVID pandemic in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Tekulapally Kranti
Published: January 2022

Medical and Dental students are exposed to online classes for the first time during the COVID pandemic. The current study was planned to understand their perceptions about these online classes in contrast to classroom teaching and suggest strategies to improve them.

A cross-sectional study was carried out among all the students of Malla Reddy Medical College for Women and Malla Reddy Dental College for Women during September 2020. The study questionnaire containing 20 questions was prepared, prevalidated and distributed to all the study participants as google form. Data from completed questionnaires was entered into an excel sheet and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Analysis of data from 279 students revealed that the 69% of the students used smartphones to attend online classes, 96% of them reported having internet problems and 42% of the students enjoyed the online classes. Understanding of the topic and knowledge gained during online classes were rated average and above average by 59% and 53% of the students respectively. Many students felt that long screen hours have made the classes less interesting and caused health issues like headaches, eyestrain, and backache. They also felt that online classes were less interactive and did not provide much clinical and practical knowledge.

Students showed a negative response to online classes. There is a need to make online classes more interactive and interesting by using certain strategies like problem-solving activities, quizzes, discussions, surveys, and polls. Faculty should be trained in good online teaching practices to ensure its success.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 7, no. 11, enero 1981
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: January 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Trans-AI: How to Build True AI or Real Machine Intelligence and Learning
Authors:   EIS Encyclopedic Intelligent Systems Ltd, EU, Cyprus-Russia, Abdoullaev Azamat
Published: January 2022

We are at the edge of colossal changes. This is a critical moment of historical choice and opportunity. It could be the best 5 years ahead of us that we have ever had in human history or one of the worst, because we have all the power, technology and knowledge to create the most fundamental generalpurpose technology (GPT), which could completely upend the whole human history. The most important GPTs were fire, the wheel, language, writing, the printing press, the steam engine, electric power, information and telecommunications technology, all to be topped by real artificial intelligence technology. Our study refers to Why and How the Real Machine Intelligence or True AI or Real Superintelligence (RSI) could be designed and developed, deployed and distributed in the next 5 years. The whole idea of RSI took about three decades in three phases. The first conceptual model of TransAI was published in 1989. It covered all possible physical phenomena, effects and processes. The more extended model of Real AI was developed in 1999. A complete theory of superintelligence, with its reality model, global knowledge base, NL programing language, and master algorithm, was presented in 2008. The RSI project has been finally completed in 2020, with some key findings and discoveries being published on the EU AI Alliance/Futurium site in 20+ articles. The RSI features a unifying World Metamodel (Global Ontology), with a General Intelligence Framework (Master Algorithm), Standard Data Type Hierarchy, NL Programming Language, to effectively interact with the world by intelligent processing of its data, from the web data to the real-world data. The basic results with technical specifications, classifications, formulas, algorithms, designs and patterns, were kept as a trade secret and documented as the Corporate Confidential Report: How to Engineer Man-Machine Superintelligence 2025. As a member of EU AI Alliance, the author has proposed the Man-Machine RSI Platform as a key part of Transnational EU-Russia Project. To shape a smart and sustainable future, the world should invest into the RSI Science and Technology, for the Trans-AI paradigm is the way to an inclusive, instrumented, interconnected and intelligent world.
Intelligent systems based on photonics
Authors:   Samara University (Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolyov), Samara, Russia, Golovastikov N.V. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute of RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” of RAS, Samara, Russia, Dorozhkin S.P. ,   Russian Railways, Moscow, Russia,   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia, Soifer V.A. ,   Samara University (Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolyov), Samara, Russia,   Image Processing Systems Institute of RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” of RAS, Samara, Russia
Published: January 2022

This paper discusses the prospects of photonics, shows the relevance and applicability of photonics research. The potential of photonics technologies to answer the socio-economic challenges of the digital transformation age is revealed. Opportunities that emerge with the introduction of photonic devices to various technical systems designed for environmental protection and quality of life improvement are demonstrated. Concrete photonics structures and devices for such key applications as spectroscopy, analog optical calculations, and optical neural networks are closely examined. Possible applications for photonic sensors and new type spectrometers are outlined, their competitive advantages explored. Various geometries of extra fine compact photonic spectrometers are presented: based on digital planar diagrams, integrated into the photonic waveguides, metasurfaces, diffraction gratings with varying parameters. The benefits of analog optical computations against conventional electronic devices are discussed. Various nanophotonic structures designed for differential and integral operators are studied, solutions for edge detection are proposed. The concept for artificial intelligence implementation on the photonics platform using optical neural networks is analyzed. Various solutions are examined: containing sequences of diffraction elements and based on Huygens–Fresnel principle, as well as planar structures comprised of waveguides that interact as Mach–Zehnder interferometer. SPIE estimation of the international photonics market proposes that the peak of interest for this field is yet to be achieved and photonics will claim its place in the future technological landscape.
End-to-end design of automated systems based on ontologies
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia, Negoda V.N. , Kulikova A.A. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
Published: January 2022

Currently, a large number of studies are being carried out on the use of ontologies in the development of automated systems. Ontological modeling improves the efficiency of the software development process. The division of labor in the development of automated systems contributes to the appearance of semantic gaps between the phases of the design process. The practice of using a wide range of reusable design artifacts is a risk factor for violation of conceptual integrity, consistency and completeness of the developed design solutions. The article proposes a new approach to ontological modeling of automated systems, which serves the design process for their development at all stages of design up to implementation; and a new structure of metadata of ontological specifications of automated systems, which allows taking into account semantically important entities and features of the system being developed. It is shown that the use of this approach significantly reduces labor costs in the design of a complex automated system in the face of changing requirements at different stages of system creation. The use of ontological models in the design process helps to increase the conceptual integrity, consistency and completeness of the developed design solutions.
Breadth First Search and Inference Methods Integration to satisfy table constraints
Authors:   Institute for Informatics and Mathematical Modeling – Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Apapity, Russia, Zuenko A.A.
Published: January 2022

Within the Constraint Programming technology, so-called table constraints such as typical tables, compressed tables, smart tables, segmented tables, etc, are widely used. They can be used to represent any other types of constraints, and algorithms of the table constraint propagation (logical inference on constraints) allow eliminating a lot of "redundant" values from the domains of variables, while having low computational complexity. In the previous studies, the author proposed to divide smart tables into structures of C- and D-types. The generally accepted methodology for solving constraint satisfaction problems is the combined application of constraint propagation methods and backtracking depth-first search methods. In the study, it is proposed to integrate breadth-first search methods and author`s method of table constraint propagation. D-type smart tables are proposed to be represented as a join of several orthogonalized C-type smart tables. The search step is to select a pair of C-type smart tables to be joined and then propagate the restrictions. To determine the order of joining orthogonalized smart tables at each step of the search, a specialized heuristic is used, which reduces the search space, taking into account further calculations. When the restrictions are extended, the acceleration of the computation process is achieved by applying the developed reduction rules for the case of C-type smart tables. The developed hybrid method allows one to find all solutions to the problems of satisfying constraints modeled using one or several D-type smart tables, without decomposing tabular constraints into elementary tuples.
Sensory properties and consumer acceptance of a stirred-type yoghurt produced from baobab (Adansonia digitata) pulp during refrigerated storage
Authors:   University of Zimbabwe, Chipurura B , Pswarayi F , Muchuweti M
Published: January 2022

The baobab ( Adansonia digitata L.) tree is widespread throughout the hot and drier regions of tropical Africa . The baobab pulp from the tree is an important source of nutrients in Africa as it is a rich source of amino acids, iron, vitamins C, A and E. In some African countries including Zimbabwe, the pulp is used traditionally to cure various ailments such as dysentery, inflamed gums and as an antidote to poison . Baobab pulp has many food uses and consequently the aim of the current study was to determine the sensory properties of the baobab flavoured yoghurt during storage and consumer acceptance of the yoghurt . A trained panelist evaluated the appearance, consistency on spoon, consistency in mouth, odour, flavour and overall acceptability of the yoghurt on day s 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of storage . In all the sensory evaluations, plain yoghurt was used as a control. The consumer panelists ( n = 150) evaluated taste, texture, colour, smell and aftertaste of the yoghurt. In general, the sensory scores of the baobab flavoured yoghurt and plain yoghurt decreased with storage time. The plain yoghurt had higher appearance scores from day 1 up to day 28 as compared to the baobab flavoured yoghurt and there was a significant difference (p = 0.01) in the scores of the yoghurts . On day 1 the consistency on spoon scores for both the baobab flavoured yoghurt and the plain yoghurt had the same value and from day 2 up to day 28, the plain yoghurt had the highest consistency on spoon scores as compared to the baobab flavoured yoghurt and the difference was significant (p = 0.01 ). The baobab flavoured yoghurt consistency in mouth scores were lower as compared to the plain yoghurt and the difference in the scores of the products was significant (p = 0.01). The odour and flavour scores of both the baobab flavoured yoghurt and plain yoghurt decreased throughout the storage period and the difference in the scores of the yoghurts was significant (p = 0.05). There was a significant difference (p = 0.05) in the overall acceptability scores of the baobab flavoured yoghurt and the plain yoghurt. Although the baobab flavoured yoghurt scores decreased with time of storage and the yoghurt had an astringent aftertaste, the consumer scores indicated that the baobab flavoured yoghurt was acceptable in terms of taste, texture, colour and smell .
Farm holdings in northern Nigeria and implication for food security: A remote sensing and GIS assessment
Authors: Soneye ASO
Published: January 2022

Land is a main life support resource to third world countries. In Nigeria, a major limitation to sustainable land use resources planning, development and management is the unreliable assessment of t available stock and the level of utilization . In particular, the commonly adopted traditional techniques for the evaluation are as questionable as the sources and quality of data adopted and the results being generated. Th is paper is on evaluation of the per capita farm - size holdings by pre dominantly peasant farmers in a pure agrarian environment of the country, using the interactive remote sensing technique and Geo -Informat ion System, a computer -based approach for acquisition, integration and processing of spatially-referenced data and their geographical attributes. The area evaluated covers, in parts, six Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the North West Geo -political Zone of the country. The typical Sudano -Sahellian region is within the flood plains of River Sokoto, River Rima and their tributaries which drain the adjoining upland areas into the main River Niger. Remotely -sensed SPOT data of the area were interpreted to assess the extent of the agricultural land cover and uses. Collateral data were from administrative sources, literature searches and field activities. They were integrated to determine the total area extent of the farmlands within both the upland areas which are cultivatable only in a short wet season of les s than three month per annum; and the prime floodplain areas which are cultivable all year round. The results were in turn related to the farming population in the region to determine the average lands being cultivated per farmer over the two sub -regions. The findings show that 65.9% of the agricultural lands are in upland regions , and the remaining 34.1% within the floodplain. Farm holdings per head are determined at about 0.61 ha ( about 7m by 7m) and less than 0.1 ha ( about 3m by 3m) in the two areas respectively. The paper discusses the implication for food security and sustainability in the region.
„Siła kandydata” i „siła motywacji” jako autorskie, wielowskaźnikowe i uniwersalne narzędzie do opisu kondycji kandydatów na studia wyższe. Społeczne i metodologiczne refleksje
Authors: Dejna Dagna , Nalaskowski Filip
Published: January 2022

W tekście prezentowane jest autorskie narzędzie do wielowskaźnikowego pomiaru dwóch podstawowych kategorii, stworzonych na potrzeby projektu badawczego „Kandydaci na toruńskie studia archeologiczne”: siły kandydata i siły motywacji. Podstawę do analiz stanowią dane zebrane w procesie rekrutacji studentów na studia na Uniwersytecie Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu w systemie Internetowej Rejestracji Kandydatów. W ramach rejestracji na studia kandydaci podają szereg informacji osobowych, dotyczących dotychczasowego wykształcenia, a także ujawniają swoje preferencje w zakresie kierunków studiów. Tworząc siłę kandydata i siłę motywacji, wykorzystano szereg wskaźników. Operacjonalizacja takich sił pozwoli na lepsze rozumienie procesu rekrutacji na studia, a także jego ogólnej specyfiki. Utworzenie opisywanych kategorii umożliwia lepsze interpretowanie zachowań i preferencji kandydatów. Dzięki nim jesteśmy w stanie sprawdzić, czy wiek studentów, ich płeć, pochodzenie, odległość od UMK oraz rodzaj ukończonej szkoły korelują z ich siłą determinacji do studiowania kierunku czy ich potencjałem intelektualnym. Dzięki temu możliwe jest efektywniejsze konstruowanie wymogów rekrutacyjnych oraz strategii marketingowych dla poszczególnych kierunków bądź uczelni. Wskazane możliwe implementacje praktyczne są jedynie przykładami, bo trudno wykluczyć, że w wypadku innych jednostek czy okoliczności ich użyteczność może się ujawnić na innych polach. Siła kandydata to wartość opisująca, na podstawie dostępnych nam danych, potencjał intelektualny i kulturowy kandydata. Dzięki pomiarowi tej wartości uzyskujemy odpowiedź na pytanie o to, czy dany kandydat ma szansę być silnym naukowo studentem. Druga z kategorii – siła motywacji – odpowiada na pytanie, na ile kandydat był zdeterminowany do podjęcia danego kierunku studiów. Pomiar tej wartości rozwiewa wątpliwości dotyczące przypadkowych wyborów kierunku studiów oraz daje odpowiedź na pytania o możliwe alternatywy. Pierwotne badanie dotyczyło archeologii, ale wypracowany mechanizm i sposób analizy może zostać wykorzystany do budowania charakterystyk wszystkich pozostałych kierunków kształcenia akademickiego.
Homecomer: Reconstruction of relations in families of former prisoners
Authors: Cieślikowska-Ryczko Angelika
Published: January 2022

The article focuses on the family relations of people sentenced to imprisonment. The aim of the project is to study the relations between former prisoners and their family members, particularly to define various strategies of rebuilding family relations, applied by former prisoners in the process of social adaptation. Based on the reconstruction of biographies of adult people who experienced the imprisonment of a parent during their childhood, adolescence and early adulthood, the author characterised various strategies of rebuilding relations, as well as difficulties and setbacks connected with breaking and losing the bond. The study made use of qualitative strategies of sociological analyses (biographical method). 31 narrative interviews with people who experienced penitentiary isolation of their parent (adult children of prisoners, aged between 18 and 70) were conducted as part of the study.
(…) Obrałam sobie cel, by żyć i mieć nad tym życiem kontrolę – zachowania w chorobie przyjmowane przez chorych na SM w celu utrzymania niezależnego funkcjonowania
Authors: Smyczek Kamila
Published: January 2022

Przedmiotem rozważań zawartych w artykule są zachowania w chorobie podejmowane przez osoby chore na stwardnienie rozsiane (SM). W artykule przez powyższe rozumie się szereg świadomie realizowanych przez osobę chorą powiązanych ze sobą zachowań, mających pomóc jej w utrzymaniu względnie niezależnego funkcjonowania społecznego. W toku analizy podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na poniższe pytania: jakiego rodzaju zachowania wypracowują osoby chore? jakie są motywacje wpływające na kontynuowanie (bądź zaprzestanie) przyjętych zachowań? jakie zachowania osoby chorujące na stwardnienie rozsiane uznają za „korzystne”, a jakie za „ryzykowne” dla swojego stanu zdrowia? Dociekania zawarte w tekście odnoszą się do subiektywnych znaczeń nadawanych chorobie, dlatego ich teoretyczną wykładnię stanowi koncepcja „zachowań w chorobie” (illness behaviour) autorstwa Davida Mechanica. W celu dotarcia do owych subiektywnych interpretacji i znaczeń, jakie chorzy nadają swojemu SM, zastosowano metodę jakościową, przeprowadzono 30 wywiadów swobodnych z osobami chorymi na SM (postać remisyjno-rzutowa). Ich opinie, opisy wdrażanych działań, przeżytych doświadczeń, emocji i znaczeń, jakie im przypisują, stanowiły przedmiot analizy. Złożoność choroby (SM), nieznajomość jej przyczyn oraz niepewność dotycząca jej przebiegu były czynnikami wpływającymi na to, co osoby chore rozumieją przez „względnie niezależne funkcjonowanie społeczne”, oraz na to, jakie stosują zachowania w chorobie.
Trudności i wyzwania działań z zakresu promocji zdrowia wśród osób bezdomnych
Authors: Pawlak-Sobczak Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

Bezdomność jest tego rodzaju kryzysem w życiu człowieka, który bardzo silnie wpływa na działania jednostki we wszystkich wymiarach zdrowia, na jej codzienne wybory i hierarchię potrzeb. Walka o przetrwanie i konieczność zaspokojenia podstawowych potrzeb wyklucza koncentrowanie się na własnym zdrowiu i dbanie o jego dobry stan, a wręcz nierzadko sprzyja jego pogorszeniu. Problem stanu zdrowia osób bezdomnych i przyjęty przez nie styl życia najdobitniej pokazuje, że promocja zdrowia nie może ograniczyć się tylko do chwytliwych medialnych haseł czy prostych wskazówek, jak zdrowo żyć. Wymaga uwzględnienia szeregu różnych zmiennych, a nade wszystko całego kontekstu społecznego.

Celem przygotowanego artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o możliwość i skuteczność działań z zakresu promocji zdrowia wśród grup wykluczonych na przykładzie osób w kryzysie bezdomności. Na podstawie badań własnych prowadzonych wśród podopiecznych schronisk dla bezdomnych w Łodzi (wywiady swobodne z ustrukturalizowaną listą pytań) i pracowników tychże placówek (wywiady swobodne pogłębione) autor stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jaki jest stan wiedzy bezdomnych na temat prozdrowotnego stylu życia, jakie zachowania związane ze zdrowiem są charakterystyczne dla tej grupy, ale nade wszystko jakie czynniki wpływają na styl życia, w tym wybory zdrowotne, i kształtują stan zdrowia osób zepchniętych na margines społeczny.
Traditional Selection Potato Varieties and Their Resistance to the 28-punctata Potato Ladybug Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Southern Russian Far East
Authors: Matsishina N.V. , Fisenko P.V. , Ermak M.V. , Sobko O.A. , Volkov D.I. , Boginskaya N.G.
Published: January 2022

Background: Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata is a polytrophic pest, causing the greatest damage to plants from the nightshade family. The study aimed to research the resistance of potato cultivars that are promising for breeding to damage by a potato ladybug in laboratory and field experiments. Methods: In laboratory experiments, the indicators of fertility, mortality and duration of development, morphological anomalies and the effect of potato varieties on the composition of Epilakhna’s hemolymph were studied. The sample consisted of 50 individuals with a slight predominance of females. The experiment used 13 varieties of potatoes. Result: A specific dependence of the frequency of phytophage anomalies on the variety was revealed. The influence of nutrition on survival and the timing of ontogenesis has been established. The results obtained indicate the high breeding value of the material when recommending it for cultivation in regions with a high number of pests, as well as when creating new varieties.
Culture and the Common European Framework for Languages: A Comparative Corpus Analysis of 2001, 2018 and 2020 Texts
Authors: Dolmaci Mustafa , Sezgin Hatice
Published: January 2022

In order to provide “a common basis for the elaboration of language syllabuses, curriculum guidelines, examinations, textbooks, etc. across Europe”, The Common European Framework for Languages (CEFR) was published in 2001 by the Council of Europe. It has affected the way languages are taught, learnt and assessed and also how foreign language proficiency levels are defined all around the world. The CEFR adopts an intercultural approach to foreign language, and the main purpose is to protect cultural diversity and to give importance to cultural activities rather than being a part of foreign language education. For this reason, culture is at the very core of the CEFR. In 2018 and 2020, two Companion Volumes were published to complement the CEFR. The present paper offers a comparative corpus analysis of these three texts focusing on the occurrences of culture-related items using n-gram tool of Sketch Engine (Lexical Computing, n. d.), which creates frequency lists of sequences of tokens. Based on the findings, it is suggested according to the CEFR that rather than focusing on the national culture of the native speakers of the target language, foreign language education should focus more on the “new culture” formed by the encounters of people coming from different cultures.
Attitudes of Prospective French Teachers Towards School Experience and Teaching Practice Courses
Authors: Gungor Zuhre Yilmaz
Published: January 2022

Education is an important concept that prepares society for change and pushes development. The teacher, who is one of the basic elements of the education phenomenon, has important duties. Accordingly, the teacher has a very important place in the life of the students. The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of the prospective French teachers towards School Experience and Teaching Practice courses and to reveal whether their attitudes differ according to the gender factor. The research has been conducted by means of a descriptive survey model and was carried out with the participation of 18 volunteer students (10 females, 8 males) studying at the department of French Language Teaching of the Faculty of Education at Anadolu University. The quantitative data of the study has been collected with a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 30 items. Moreover, in addition to the scale, the opinions of the students on the School experience and Teaching Practice courses have been collected by means of 5 open-ended questions drawn up by the researcher. The qualitative data acquired in this study has been reviewed through the document analysis method. According to the obtained data, it has been determined that the students had positive opinions about these courses. In addition, their attitudes towards ‘School Experience’ and ‘Teaching Practice’ courses have a very high average. This research shows that, these courses make significant contributions to the professional development of students. However, no significant difference was observed in terms of the gender factor based on the opinions of the participants with respect to the aforementioned courses.