bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An ostomy baseplate with a skin-protection technology reduces peristomal skin complications: a randomized controlled trial (the ATTRACT study)
Authors: Sætre Ragne , Gotfredsen Johanne L , Nonboe Pernille , Hansen Helle Doré , Mathiesen Ronja , Karlsmark Tonny , Størling Zenia M , Rolfsen Thomas
Published: January 2023

Background

Peristomal skin complications (PSCs) are the predominant complication for people living with a stoma, negatively affecting their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). PSCs may also have an impact on healthcare costs for society with more visits to healthcare professionals and increased consumption of products and treatment strategies, which amplifies the need for new strategies to reduce or prevent PSCs.

Objectives

To evaluate the performance of an ostomy baseplate with a skin-protection technology. The target group comprised people living with a stoma with liquid faecal effluent, who struggled with PSCs.

Methods

A randomized, controlled, open-labelled, cross-over trial was conducted from September 2021 to February 2022 in five different countries. Each participant tested the investigational product against a comparator product (SenSura® Mio). The Ostomy Skin Tool 2.0 was used to evaluate the peristomal skin and HRQoL was measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. Data were analysed in mixed repeated-measures models.

Results

A total of 79 adult participants (mean age 54.5 years, female 45.6%) were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. A significant reduction in PSCs (P = 0.015) and HRQoL (P = 0.035) was found for the investigational product when compared with the comparator product. Also, significantly more study participants preferred the investigational product when compared with the comparator product (P = 0.017).

Conclusions

The investigational product, an ostomy baseplate with a skin-protective technology, reduced PSCs and improved the HRQoL of people living with a stoma with liquid faecal effluent. Consequently, the investigational product was the preferred ostomy appliance of the participants. Thus, the product investigated in this study may be a new solution to be included in everyday clinical practice to overcome leakage-induced PSCs for people living with a stoma.
Comparative phylogeography of a restricted and a widespread heather: genetic evidence of multiple independent introductions ofErica mackayanainto Ireland from northern Spain
Authors: Fagúndez Jaime , Díaz-Tapia Pilar
Published: January 2023

Species of flora and fauna occurring in the west of Ireland and south-west Europe, known as Lusitanian elements, constitute a puzzling case of isolated populations of uncertain origin. Here we studied the population genetic structure of the heather Erica mackayana in Ireland and northern Spain and compared it with its widespread close relative Erica tetralix using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships using maximum likelihood (ML), inferred population genetic structure using cluster assignment and principal component analysis, and estimated population genetic diversity. The cluster analysis and ML phylogenetic tree showed a geographical pattern for E. tetralix supporting a post-glacial migration from Iberia to Ireland. In contrast, Irish populations of E. mackayana were supported in independent clades in the phylogenetic tree and shared clusters with Iberian populations in the structure analysis, and FST values were lower among Irish and Spanish populations than among Irish ones. This suggests that Irish populations of E. mackayana are the result of recent multiple independent introductions from its native area in northern Spain, probably assisted by humans. However, the origin of the largest Irish population at Roundstone Bog is unclear and should be further investigated. Post-glacial, long-distance dispersal is the most plausible explanation for Lusitanian species distribution in Ireland.
Papulonodular pigmented lesions in a patient with Stage IV malignant melanoma
Authors: Daruish Maged , Papa Sophie , Geh Jenny L C , Stefanato Catherine M
Published: January 2023

A 78-year-old man received immunotherapy for in-transit metastatic melanoma papulonodules on his left lower abdomen in the form of intralesional injections of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), an oncolytic genetically modified herpes virus. Despite therapy, the colour and size of the lesions remained clinically unchanged; however, histopathological examination revealed only melanophages in the absence of melanoma cells. The diagnosis of tumoral melanosis secondary to immunotherapy with T-VEC was made. This case emphasizes the importance of histopathological evaluation in assessing response to immunotherapy of in-transit metastatic melanoma lesions.
A unilateral slow-growing yellow nodule of the glans penis
Authors: Ruggiero Angelo , Marasca Claudio , Fabbrocini Gabriella , Mascolo Massimo , Greco Vincenzo
Published: January 2023

A 54-year-old man presented with a slow-growing yellow nodule on the glans penis. Histology revealed a dense nodular infiltrate throughout the entire dermis, composed of a predominance of large mononucleated histiocytes with a few multinucleated cells; the overlying epidermis was slightly hyperplastic. The cells were positive for CD68 and negative for S100 and CD1a.
How is oral isotretinoin prescribed for the treatment of acne vulgaris? Results from a UK Dermatology Clinical Trials Network (UKDCTN) and British Dermatological Nursing Group (BDNG) survey of health professionals
Authors: Moledina Zahra , McPhee Margaret , Ravenscroft Jane C , Healy Eugene , Radley Kathy , Thomas Kim S , Burden-Teh Esther ,   Acne-ID Trial Development Team, Burden-Teh Esther , Healy Eugene , Hepburn Trish , Layfield Carron , Layton Alison , Leighton Paul , Leng Simon , Mitchell Miss Eleanor , Northover Guy , Radley Kathy , Ramesh Miss Grishma , Ravenscroft Jane C , Sach Tracey , Santer Miriam , Thomas Kim S , Thompson Andrew , Whitehouse Heather , Williams Hywel C
Published: January 2023

We undertook a survey of UK healthcare professionals through the UK Dermatology Clinical Trials Network and British Dermatological Nursing Group to understand clinicians’ routine practice of prescribing oral isotretinoin for treatment of acne vulgaris. We also wanted to understand clinicians’ experiences and views on prescribing low daily dose regimens. Overall, the survey showed that clinicians adopted a patient-centred approach when deciding isotretinoin dosing. The rationale for using a low-dose regimen varied, but was focused on patient wellbeing during treatment. Some clinicians were concerned that use of a low-dose regimen could be less effective and lead to longer treatment durations. The survey results will be useful to inform a clinical trial investigating the effectiveness and safety of low daily dose isotretinoin for the treatment of acne.
Rare cutaneous association of tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Mustari Akash P , Kittu Malhi , Reddy Pratheeksha , Bhandari Adhyatm , Parkhi Mayur , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Mahajan Rahul
Published: January 2023

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) has varied manifestations. We report a unique association of TS with piebaldism, capillary malformation and epidermoid cyst.
Clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural features of human monkeypox infection in the 2022 outbreak: report of a case with immunohistochemistry for vaccinia virus
Authors: Prieto-Pérez L , Vicente Montaña A M , Santonja C , Fortes J , García-Fresnadillo D , Jo-Velasco M , Requena L , Cabello A , Fernández-Roblas R , Álvarez B , Carrillo I , Górgolas M
Published: January 2023

We provide a full description of the clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of the current human monkeypox virus. A skin snip was obtained in a HIV-infected patient in the wake of the monkeypox outbreak in Spain. Immunohistochemistry was strongly positive for anti-vaccinia virus. Under electron microscopy, mature viruses and virions were clearly visible.
Laser treatment of acne scarring in skin of colour
Authors: Havelin Alison , Seukeran Daron C
Published: January 2023

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects patients of all skin types. Acne scarring affects up to 95% of patients. Laser treatment is the most effective treatment for acne scarring. Adverse effects (AEs) include pain, infection, erythema, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), hypopigmentation and scarring. Patients with darker skin types are more prone to developing PIH, arising as a result of inflammation, which can be intrinsic or extrinsic. There is concern that laser treatment may not be suitable for patients with skin of colour (SOC) due to the risks of AEs. However, the use of appropriate treatment protocols can help to mitigate these risks. Clinicians should consider the type of acne scarring and skin type of the patient when choosing the most appropriate laser. Laser treatments should be offered to patients with SOC, who should be fully informed of the risks before embarking on treatment. It is important to note that no treatment will eliminate scarring completely, but lasers can significantly improve the appearance of acne scars. Laser treatment for acne scarring can be performed safely and effectively when tailored to the patient’s needs and skin type. Further studies are needed to evaluate the use of lasers for patients with SOC.
CorrespondencePrevalence and factors associated with fatigue in adult patients with inflammatory skin disorders
Authors: Halioua Bruno , Demessant-Flavigny Ann Laure , Kerob Delphine , Dantec Guénaëlle Le , Taieb Jonathan , Seité Sophie , Le Floc’h Caroline , Taieb Charles
Published: January 2023

In our study, fatigue was significantly associated with markers of inflammatory skin disorders activity, unlike several studies that have not established an association between fatigue and disease activity. The dermatologists should take into consideration the high prevalence of fatigue in patients with inflammatory skin disorders.
Dermoscopy in Mycobacterium marinum infection and its correlation with clinical and histopathological features: a prospective observational study
Authors: Yao Qiu-nan , Lu Yu-mo , Fei Wen-min , Xie Chun-tao , Cheng Wen-hao , Ren Hong , Hu Wen-long
Published: January 2023

Background

Mycobacterium marinum is a nontuberculous mycobacterium and a conditional pathogen to humans, which can be inoculated directly and cause chronic skin granulomas. Dermoscopy has been applied to other granulomatous skin diseases, but not to M. marinum infection.

Aim

To explore the dermoscopic features of M. marinum infection, and its correlation with clinical and histopathological features.

Methods

In total, 27 lesions from 27 patients (19 women, 8 men, age range 28–71 years) diagnosed with M. marinum infection were identified by clinical examination, histopathological results, PCR sequencing and mycobacterial culture in the dermatology outpatient department of our hospital from March 2020 to February 2022. The dermoscopy images and pathological characteristics were analysed.

Results

Lesions were located on the hands, forearms and upper arms. The following dermoscopic features were observed: yellowish-orange structureless areas (85·2%), white striped structures (59·3%), follicular plugs (29·6%), yellowish oval clods (14·8%) and reddish or pinkish areas (14·8%). Vessel structures were visible in all cases: long hairpin vessels (81·5%), corkscrew vessels (25·9%), comma-shaped vessels (22·2%) and linear vessels (22·2%).

Conclusion

Yellowish-orange structureless areas, white striped structures and long hairpin vessels are the most common dermoscopic features of M. marinum infection. Thus, dermoscopy could be used as a noninvasive auxiliary diagnostic method to provide a diagnostic basis for this disease.
When patients lead the way
Authors: McFeely Orla , Tobin Anne-Marie , Delaney Tim , Madden Deirdre
Published: January 2023

We present a patient's perspective of conducting their own research into a medical treatment for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, and how they sourced this treatment.
Environmental management systems and their relevance to dermatology
Authors: Tso Simon
Published: January 2023

The International Organization for Standardization ISO 14000 family of standards and the European Commission Eco-Management and Auditing Scheme are examples of voluntary environmental management systems (EMS). EMS provides a framework to facilitate organizations to incorporate environmental considerations into their governance and operations to improve the use of resources and waste management practices. Organizations with EMS accreditation reported operational efficiency improvements and cost savings. This review article describes EMS and discusses their relevance to the dermatology sustainability.
Cutaneous vascular structure and perfusion in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: Luengas-Martinez Andrea , Kamaly-Asl Anna , Chaudhry Iskander H , Brenchley Paul E C , Young Helen S
Published: January 2023

Background

Vascular dysfunction is a significant contributor to the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Some individuals have variation within the gene for vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), which confers an increased risk of developing psoriasis and having a severe disease phenotype, and may determine responsiveness to treatment.

Aim

To determine whether patients with psoriasis have alterations in cutaneous microvascular anatomy and physiology due to expression of VEGF and whether laser Doppler imaging has utility in the assessment of this.

Methods

Twelve adult volunteers with Type 1 chronic plaque psoriasis underwent laser Doppler imaging of plaque and uninvolved skin. Skin biopsies were taken from the areas imaged for immunohistochemistry, including blood and lymphatic vessel markers, and VEGF-A isotype analysis (VEGF-A121, VEGF-A165 and VEGF-D). Venous blood was collected for DNA extraction, VEGF-A genotyping and peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture.

Results

Mean blood vessel area (P < 0·01), number of blood vessels (P < 0·001), number of lymphatic vessels (P < 0·001) and blood flow (P < 0·001) was significantly increased in psoriasis plaques, as was expression of VEGF-A121 (P < 0·01), VEGF-A165 (P < 0·04) and VEGF-D (P < 0·01). Blood flow within psoriasis plaques was independent of their increased vascularity (P < 0·01) and may be associated with baseline productivity of VEGF. The number of blood vessels within uninvolved skin in patients with psoriasis was associated with the VEGF-A (rs833061) genotype (P = 0·01), in a relationship suggesting an allele dosing effect.

Conclusion

Noninvasive imaging of blood flow may help determine the cutaneous vascular signature for individual patients. This may be a useful prognostic indicator of psoriasis susceptibility and severity, and thus support selection of treatments.
Distribution of problematic localized facial infantile haemangiomas and their response to propranolol: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chang Lei , Chen Qianyi , Zhou Lucia , Chang Shih-Jen , Gao Wei , Yu Zhang , Chen Jialin , Li Hanyu , Qiu Yajing , Lin Xiaoxi
Published: January 2023

Background

The distribution and response to propranolol of problematic facial infantile haemangiomas (IHs) has rarely been described in the literature.

Aim

To map problematic facial IHs and observe their response to propranolol.

Methods

Eligible patients were categorized according to focal location and cohorts corresponding to these (buccal, medial, zygomatic, lateral and multiregional) were created. The primary efficacy variable was regression score ranging from 1 to 4, calculated using results of colour Doppler ultrasonography.

Results

In total, 104 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were 32 (30·8%) IHs located in the buccal area, 12 (11·5%) in the medial area, 49 (47·1%) in the lateral area and 1 (1·0%) in the zygomatic area, with 10 (9·6%) IH cases having multiregional lesions. We found that the distribution pattern of most IHs matched the surface projection of the trunk of the external carotid and the facial arteries. Further analysis showed that the median regression score in the buccal and medial groups were significantly lower than those in the lateral and multiregional groups.

Conclusion

Treatment of buccal and medial haemangiomas tends to be more challenging and their distribution pattern mainly reflects the direction of the facial vessels.
The impact of using a multistrain probiotic supplement on gastrointestinal function in children and adolescents with severe recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Yerlett Natalie , Petrof Gabriela , Bageta Maria , Balboa Pablo Lopez , Martinez Anna E
Published: January 2023

Background

Children and adolescents with severe recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB-S) often have severe constipation in addition to gastrointestinal dysbiosis, due to frequent antibiotic use and reduced oral diet. Constipation is treated with long-term use of high daily doses of macrogol gel (Movicol Paediatric PlainTM or LaxidoTM). Constipation is refractory to increases in fibre and fluids, and impacts severely on quality of life.

Aim

To study the initial impact and efficacy of using a multistrain probiotic supplement daily for 12 weeks in patients with RDEB-S. The authors sought to determine the impact of such a supplement on  gastrointestinal symptoms, stool consistency and the use of macrogol gel to treat constipation, as well as understanding patient reaction, palability and ease of use.

Methods

Patients were identified through the epidermolysis bullosa tertiary multidisciplinary team clinic in July 2021. Patients were included if they had a diagnosis of RDEB-S, prescribed at least one sachet of macrogol gel and provided written consent to take part. Patients were provided, proprietary liquid multistrain probiotic supplement (Symprove™) with a high bacterial count, at a dose of 1 mL kg–1 once a day. Each patient completed an anonymous, nine-question, electronic survey to document symptoms and report overall findings at the start and end of a 12-week trial period.

Results

Four patients with RDEB-S (two boys and two girls; age range 7–14 years) who met the inclusion criteria were approached to take part. All patients had chronic constipation requiring daily macrogol gel use (range 2–5 sachets per day). Three out of four (75%) completed the 12-week course. At baseline (before supplementation commenced), all three (100%) patients reported poor oral appetite, constipation, flatulence, abdominal bloating and pain, and frequent skin infections requiring oral antibiotics, with two of the three (66%) patients also having nausea. After 12 weeks of supplementation, all three patients (100%) reported a significant improvement in abdominal pain and bloating, nausea, stool consistency, stool frequency, flatulence and increased appetite. Two of the three patients (66%) were able to reduce their macrogol gel usage and the third patient (33%) was able to stop macrogol gel usage altogether during the study period. All three patients said they would choose to continue using the supplement if it was available.

Conclusion

We have shown in this case series that giving a multistrain probiotic supplement in patients with RDEB-S has the potential to improve stool consistency and reduce or prevent the need for chronic macrogol gel use. Future larger-scale, placebo-controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
Technology-enhanced learning interventions on skin of colour dermatology for dermatology trainees and fellows: are they effective or sustainable?
Authors: Puri Shivani , Guckian Jonathan , Elshimy Noha
Published: January 2023

Recent shifts towards synchronous online learning and raised awareness of ethnic inequalities in health have resulted in the establishment of frequent ‘one-off’ technology-enhanced learning (TEL) initiatives on diversity issues. There is little established evidence regarding the efficacy or sustainability of such interventions. We designed a prospective cohort pilot study including 14 dermatology registrars and fellows and delivered a TEL programme focusing on central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia and keloid scarring. Information was collected on the existing competence and confidence of our cohort about managing these conditions, as well as the short-term and long-term impact of our intervention. Following our programme, participant knowledge improved transiently, but was not sustainable 6 weeks later. Over half of participants were not confident in adopting newly acquired knowledge on skin of colour into practice. Results demonstrate a disparity between how effective one-off education initiatives are perceived vs. actual benefit. More systemic solutions may be warranted.
Athena: Speciality Certificate Examination case for dermatopathology
Authors: Doyle Claire , Devenney Helena , McFeely Orla , Blasco Marta Costa , Beatty Paula , Murphy Lisa , O’Mahony Sarah , Andrawis Madonna , Tobin Anne Marie
Published: January 2023

This is a case for the Speciality Certificate Examination of a rare benign skin tumour and the associated histopathological features along with the histopathological features of differential diagnoses.
Alopecia areata and risk of atopic and autoimmune conditions: population-based cohort study
Authors: Holmes Susan , Harries Matthew , Macbeth Abby E , Chiu Wing S , de Lusignan Simon , Messenger Andrew G , Tziotzios Christos
Published: January 2023

Background

Alopecia areata (AA) has features of both autoimmune and atopic pathogenesis, but information on the risk of people with AA developing autoimmune and atopic conditions is limited.

Objective

To assess the prevalence and incidence of atopic and autoimmune conditions in people with AA.

Methods

This was a population-based cohort study of 8051 adults with newly diagnosed AA (AA group) and 32 204 adults in the matched control group, using the UK Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) network primary care database, 2009–2018 (trial registration number: NCT04239521). Baseline prevalence of common atopic and autoimmune conditions, and risk of new-onset atopic and autoimmune disease, were estimated.

Results

Atopic and autoimmune conditions were more prevalent in the AA group than the control group (atopic 37.2% vs. 26.7%, autoimmune 11.5% vs. 7.9%). The AA group were 43% more likely to develop any new-onset atopic condition [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.43. 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–1.61] and 45% more likely to develop any autoimmune condition (aHR 1.45, 95% CI 1.28–1.66) compared with the control group. When examining individual conditions, the AA group were at increased risk of atopic dermatitis (aHR 1.91, 95% CI 1.67–2.19), allergic rhinitis (aHR 1.32, 95% CI 1.14–1.54), autoimmune hypothyroidism (aHR 1.65, 95% CI 1.35–2.02), systemic lupus erythematosus (aHR 4.51, 95% CI 1.88–10.82) and vitiligo (aHR 2.39, 95% CI 1.49–3.82). There was no evidence for a higher incidence of other conditions examined.

Conclusion

People with AA have an increased burden of atopic and autoimmune comorbidity. This supports previous work suggesting that both T helper cell (Th)1 and Th2 immune responses may be implicated in the pathogenesis of AA.
When overtreatment of cutaneous malignancy becomes an unacceptable burden for patients with limited life expectancy: a patient’s perspective
Authors: Beatty Paula , Blasco Marta Costa , Doyle Claire , McFeely Orla , Murphy Lisa , Andrawis Madonna , Tobin Anne-Marie
Published: January 2023

Concern has been raised that there is a potential for over treatment of NMSCs among older patients, given the relative low risk of the tumour to their health and the high burden of treatment. This article explores one patient’s perspective of the treatment of multiple NMSCs.
Evaluating the nature and prevalence of glucocorticoid-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with autoimmune bullous diseases
Authors: Johal Joslin S , Cowan Timothy L , Murrell Dedee F
Published: January 2023

Glucocorticoid use in patients with autoimmune bullous disease is associated with significant morbidity, and in some cases, excess mortality. The hyperglycaemic complications arising from glucocorticoid use have been well-documented and range from mild hyperglycaemia to diabetic ketoacidosis. Patients with pre-existing glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing complications. Several other factors have been investigated for their association with steroid-induced hyperglycaemia, including patient age, sex, family history, dose, regimen and duration of therapy. Findings in the current literature, however, are largely conflicting and evidence is limited by methodological weaknesses. Glucocorticoids should be used with caution, and patients using steroids should be closely monitored for adverse effects.
Correspondence Red rashes to green pastures: sustainable dermatology
Authors: Hussain Khawar , Kawsar Anusuya , Roberts Nerys , Patel Neil P
Published: January 2023

We performed an anonymous patient survey to find out more about patients’ perspectives on the topical treatments they use and recycling their packaging. We provide the results of our pilot study and also summarize key points for future research and development.
Proportionality Balancing under General International Law: the Case of Article 25(1)(b) of ARSIWA
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: January 2023

Article 25(1)(b) of ARSIWA provides that a plea of necessity defence must not seriously impair an essential interest of the State or States towards which the obligation exists, or of the international community as a whole. This requires a balancing between the interest of the invoking State and that of the victim State or the international community. However, how to conduct such a balancing has not been adequately addressed in practice on in literature. This article adopts the approach of proportionality balancing under domestic public law and certain branches of international law and applies it to the context of Article 25(1)(b). Specifically, this article draws from the principle of balancing by Robert Alexy, who advocates balancing not the interests per se, but the change in respective interests caused by the intervening event. This article argues that such an approach avoids the value judgments that should be reserved for States and provides for a workable solution to operationalize Article 25(1)(b). Through a critical review of judicial and arbitral decisions, this article further explores how such an approach to proportionality balancing may be applied in the context of Article 25(1)(b) in practice, which can be broken down to three balancing pairs, depending on the party against which the necessity plea is invoked: State versus State, individual versus State, and State versus international community.
Organizationhood in the Light of Asian Minimalism
Authors: Schifano Adrien
Published: January 2023

Asian practice of organizationhood challenges traditionally acknowledged theoretical frameworks of international institutional law. Organizationhood is usually construed as based on a set of criteria, among which are 1) creation by an international treaty, and, 2) possession of organs are upheld by a number of scholars. Yet examining a sample of fifteen Asian international organizations proves this definition too restrictive, if not dysfunctional. The conventional criterion is directly contradicted by most of these organizations displaying the marks of an international personality despite having been created with no treaty. This, in turn, impairs the efficient operation of the organic criterion since organs of these organizations do not differ in appearance from States organs acting jointly. Asian minimalism thus suggests that the classical conception of organizationhood is too narrow to subject all entities that behave as international organizations to international law through the attribution of such a status, and that broadening this concept would allow it to better ensure the effectiveness of international law.
‘Beginning wherever you wish’: Sappho, Homer and the HomericHymn to Demeterin Theresa Hak Kyung Cha’sDictée
Authors: Johnston Paul G
Published: January 2023

Theresa Hak Kyung Cha’s Dictée expresses, in experimental and avant-garde form, the fragmented, disrupted and multilinguistic experiences of its author and her family against the tumultuous backdrop of twentieth-century Korean history. In the decades since its publication, the text has become established as a cornerstone of Asian American literary studies. This essay reads Dictée through the lens of its engagement with the ancient Greek classics, identifying how Cha responds to Sappho, Homer and the Homeric Hymn to Demeter in the context of her subversive and irreverent poetics. It demonstrates the important role that the Western classical tradition plays in Dictée as a structural and communicative resource for Cha’s expression of her migratory identity as a Korean refugee in the United States. Cha engages with some of ancient Greece’s most canonical texts from a direction that is radically askew from the typical approaches of classical scholarship, mediated in part by twentieth-century writers like James Joyce and Monique Wittig, advancing understandings of classical material that are feminist, anti-imperial and non-Eurocentric. Dictée should be recognized not just as a landmark of Asian American literature, but also as one of the most original creative responses to Greco-Roman antiquity of the late twentieth century.
Mechanical extraction of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads with a dwell time of more than 10 years: insights from a single high-volume centre
Authors: Ząbek Andrzej , Boczar Krzysztof , Ulman Mateusz , Holcman Katarzyna , Kostkiewicz Magdalena , Pfitzner Roman , Dębski Maciej , Musiał Robert , Lelakowski Jacek , Małecka Barbara
Published: January 2023

Aims

To analyze and compare the effectiveness and safety of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads with a dwell time of >10 years (Group A) vs. younger leads (Group B) using mechanical extraction systems.

Methods and results

Between October 2011 and July 2022, we performed TLE in 318 patients. Forty-six (14.4%) extracted ICD leads in 46 (14.5%) patients that had been implanted for >10 years. The median dwell time of all extracted ICD leads was 5.9 years. Cardiovascular implantable electronic device-related infection was an indication for TLE in 31.8% of patients. Complete ICD leads removal and complete procedural success in both groups were similar (95.7% in Group A vs. 99.6% in Group B, P = 0.056% and 95.6% in Group A vs. 99.6% in Group B, P = 0.056, respectively). We did not find a significant difference between major and minor complication rates in both groups (6.5% in Group A vs. 1.5% in Group B and 2.2% in Group A vs. 1.8% in Group B, P = 0.082, respectively). One death associated with the TLE procedure was recorded in Group B.

Conclusion

The TLE procedures involving the extraction of old ICD leads were effective and safe. The outcomes of ICD lead removal with a dwell time of >10 years did not differ significantly compared with younger ICD leads. However, extraction of older ICD leads required more frequent necessity for utilizing multiple extraction tools, more experience and versatility of the operator, and increased surgery costs.
Comparative understanding and preference of Nutri-Score and NutrInform Battery in a sample of Spanish consumers
Authors: Fialon Morgane , Babio Nancy , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Galan Pilar , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Touvier Mathilde , Deschasaux-Tanguy Mélanie , Sarda Barthélémy , Hercberg Serge , Khoury Nadine , Nabec Lydiane , Julia Chantal
Published: January 2023

Background

Interpretive front-of-pack labels (FoPLs) are supported by World Health Organization as an important policy tool to promote healthy diets. At present, various FoPLs formats co-exist in the European Union (EU). However, as part of the Farm to Fork strategy published in 2020, the European Commission stated that it would propose a single mandatory FoPL. The aim of this study was to analyze Spanish consumers’ preference and objective understanding of Nutri-Score and NutrInform, two FoPLs that are currently the subject of debate in the EU.

Methods

In a representative sample of 1026 Spanish adults (50% women, mean age ± SD = 46 ± 14 years), objective understanding was assessed by asking participants to identify the healthiest food products in three food categories (breakfast products, breakfast cereals and added fats). The preference dimensions were tested by asking participants about the perceived helpfulness of the FoPL in discriminating the nutritional quality of food products (subjective understanding) and their overall assessment of the FoPL’s ease of use, informativeness, trust and liking (perception).

Results

In terms of objective understanding, Nutri-Score was significantly associated with an increase in consumers’ ability to identify healthier food products across all food categories compared with NutrInform [OR (odds ratio) = 19.1 [14.2–25.7], P < 0.0001]. On the preference dimension, Nutri-Score was perceived as significantly easier to use and was more liked than NutrInform (standardized principal component analysis dimension, respectively, 0.32 ± 1.58 vs. −0.29 ± 1.66, P < 0.0001 and 0.080 ± 1.18 vs. −0.072 ± 1.17, P = 0.039).

Conclusions

This study provides new evidence to support Nutri-Score in comparison with NutrInform in Spanish consumers, on both objective understanding and preference aspects.
Spoligotyping of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using on-Chip PCR
Authors: Lapa Sergey , Kuzmin Alexey , Chernousova Larisa , Mikhailovich Vladimir
Published: January 2023

Aims

The aim of this study was to develop a rapid PCR-based method for spoligotyping of Mycobacteria in the microarray format and to compare it to conventional spoligotyping by hybridization.

Methods and results

The method employs the on-Chip PCR technique with primers specific for 43 spacers that separate direct repeats (DRs) in the DR region of mycobacterial DNA. The primers were immobilized on gel-based microarrays, and PCR was performed directly on the chips. The PCR fluorescence images were acquired and processed using a portable fluorescence analyzer equipped with dedicated software. Analysis takes 1.5–2 hours and can be carried out on clinical samples without additional handling. The analytical sensitivity of the method was 103 copies of target DNA. The spoligotyping results of 51 samples produced by the proposed method and by conventional reverse hybridization approach were in full concordance.

Conclusions

High throughput capacity, computerized data analysis, compact equipment, and reliable results make the on-Chip PCR an attractive alternative to intra- and interspecific spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria.

Significance and Impact of Study

Fast microarray-based spoligotyping technique using on-Chip PCR was developed.
Association between melanin deposits in gill tissue and microbiome across different hatchery reared Atlantic salmon
Authors: Quezada-Rodriguez Petra R , Taylor Richard S , Jantawongsri Khattapan , Nowak Barbara F , Wynne James W
Published: January 2023

Aims

To investigate the relationship between microbial community profiles and gill pathology during a production cycle of Atlantic salmon in two commercial hatcheries.

Methods and Results

Relationships between gill histology, environmental conditions, and microbiome were determined using high-throughput data, including 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing data, histopathology data, and water quality parameters. Hatchery A used riverine water and operated a mixed system of recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) and flowthrough. Hatchery B was used bore water and operated a RAS. Melanin deposits, hyperplastic, and inflammatory lesions were observed histologically in the gills. A higher prevalence of melanin deposits was detected and correlated to a change in beta diversity of bacterial communities in early time points (fingerling and parr stages). High abundance of Sphaerotilus sp.,Pseudomonas sp.,Nitrospira sp.,Exiguobacterium sp.,Deinococcus sp.,and Comamonas sp. was correlated with a high prevalence of melanin in filaments. Bacterial diversity increased as the fish cohort transitioned from RAS to flowthrough in hatchery A.

Conclusions

Under commercial conditions, the commensal community of gill bacteria was related to melanin prevalence.
Protective effects of anti-CfaB-EtpA-LTB IgY antibody against adherence and toxicity of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC)
Authors: Mohammadkhani Fatemeh , Mousavi Gargari Seyed Latif , Nazarian Shahram , Mafi Maryam
Published: January 2023

Aim

Production of IgY antibodies against CfaB-EtpA-LTB (CEL) chimeric protein and evaluation of its protective effects against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) by in vivo and in vitro investigation.

Methods and results

Indirect ELISA and immunoblotting methods were applied to assess the immunogenicity and specificity of IgYs and also to evaluate the efficacy of IgYs in binding prevention and neutralizing the heat-labile (LT) toxin of ETEC bacteria. The results indicated that the anti-CEL IgY at a concentration of 2 mg ml−1 could decrease the bacterial adhesion to HT-29 cells by 74% compared to the control group.

At a concentration of 750 μg ml−1, the IgY antibody managed to neutralize the disruptive LT toxin effect on the Y1 cell line. At a concentration of 2 mg ml−1, 81% reduction was observed in the fluid accumulation in the ileal loop assay.

Conclusion

According to our findings, passive immunotherapy with anti-CEL IgY can prevent bacterial colonization and toxicity, thus facilitating in controlling the enteric diseases caused by ETEC infection.
Quantifying Low-keV Beam Damage in Ultrathin MFI Zeolite Nanosheets with an SEM
Authors: Holm Jason
Published: January 2023

This manuscript demonstrates the susceptibility of ultrathin Mobil Five (MFI) zeolite nanosheets to low-keV electron beam damage in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Beam dose rates and characteristic beam doses are quantified at beam energies from 15 to 30 keV using an on-axis transmission electron detector to measure signal decay times in diffraction patterns and by underfocusing to enable spot size measurement. Characteristic beam doses ranged from approximately 1.9 C/cm2 at 15 keV to 14 C/cm2 at 30 keV, and the damage mechanism was attributable to radiolysis but other processes including electrostatic charging and sputtering could not be ruled out.
Atomic-Scale Determination of Cation and Magnetic Order in the Triple Perovskite Sr3Fe2ReO9
Authors: Ho Ping-Luen , Huang Zhihao , Jin Lei , Choi Si-Young , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E , Mayer Joachim , Tsang Shik Chi Edman , Zhong Xiaoyan
Published: January 2023

Pseudo-cubic (pc) perovskite oxides (ABO3) that can have different magnetic cations with different types and degrees of order at B sites have attracted considerable interest as a result of their tunable magnetic properties. Nanoscale inhomogeneity in cation order on the B sites can lead to different magnetic ground states and electronic band structures in local sample regions. Here, we determine cation order on the atomic scale in a nanosized Sr3Fe2ReO9 phase that has a 1:2 B-site-ordered triple perovskite structure using aberration-corrected analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealing that the Fe and Re cations form tripled-layered repeats with –[Fe–Fe–Re]n– sequences along [111]pc and an ordering vector of 1/3[111]*. To the best of our knowledge, this 1:2 B-site-ordered triple perovskite Sr3Fe2ReO9 phase has not been reported before. Based on a relaxed theoretical model that is consistent with the experimental images, density functional theory calculations are performed to determine the magnetic ground states and exchange parameters of the newly discovered Sr3Fe2ReO9 phase, in which nearest-neighbour Fe and Re cations are coupled antiferromagnetically. This combination of aberration-corrected analytical TEM and ab initio calculations provides physical insight into cation order and magnetic coupling in perovskite oxides at the atomic level.
Large-Area and High-Precision Milling of Focused Ion Beam Based on the Integration of Nanoscale Machine Vision and Compensation Control
Authors: Guo Dengji , Fan Shihao , Yang Yandong , Chen Zhang , Huang Haijun , Wen Pinjin , Lin Jianjun , Liu Yuhang , Xu Jiao , Wang Xujin
Published: January 2023

Focused ion beam (FIB) is a high-precision technology for micro/nanofabrication that can be used to fabricate micro/nanoscale structures and electronic devices, such as waveguide gratings, resonators, and photonic crystals. In this study, a novel FIB processing system was developed using machine vision coupled with a piezoelectric motor, which compensates the process periodically and automatically. The FIB system is controlled by a computer program that enables automatic processing, automatic recognition, and provides feedback to control the movement of the stage. The results show that ring arrays with a diameter of 2 μm can be detected automatically under the field of view (FOV) of 114 × 114 μm2 with relative errors of less than 6%. The FOV can be larger than 400 × 400 μm2 after the splicing function of automatic compensation control is applied to the same ring arrays. Structurally, the average splicing errors in the X- and Y-directions decreased one order of magnitude, which are from 1.49 to 0.15 μm and 1.47 to 0.37 μm, respectively. This paves the way for the mass production of nanoholes in a large area with high precision and high speed for semiconductor manufacturing and research.
Multimodal STEM Investigation of Polymer Damage Processes Induced by Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Lescott Chamille , Bobbala Sharan , Modak Mallika , dos Reis Roberto , Scott Evan A , Dravid Vinayak P
Published: January 2023

Self-assembled polymer nanostructures are useful for many applications, including biomedicine, energy, and sensing, often presenting a more stable and customizable alternative for drug delivery than lipid-based assemblies, like liposomes. Polyethylene glycol-b-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) nanostructures are an example of a cutting-edge self-assembled polymer system. Here, to better understand the impact of electron irradiation on the molecular and macroscale structure, we utilize analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy. Through electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), we access information regarding the degradation of PEG-b-PPS self-assembled polymers under the electron beam. By coupling the spatial and temporal resolution afforded by EELS, we describe the movement of elements in the polymer system during radiolysis and propose a mechanism for sample degradation. We believe this work will serve as a blueprint to determine the effects of electron irradiation on polymer architectures via spectroscopy.
Statistical Determination of Atomic-Scale Characteristics of Au Nanocrystals Based on Correlative Multiscale Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Neumann Stefan , Rezvani Azita , Barasinski Matthäus , Garnweitner Georg , Segets Doris , Rafaja David
Published: January 2023

Atomic-scale characteristics of individual nanocrystals (NCs), such as the crystallographic orientation of their facets and the kind and density of crystal structure defects, play a tremendous role for the functionality and performance of the whole NC population. However, these features are usually quantified only for a small number of individual particles, and thus with limited statistical relevance. In the present work, we developed the multiscale approach available in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further, and applied it to describe features of different types of Au NCs in a statistical and scale-bridging manner. This approach combines high-resolution TEM, which is capable of describing the characteristics of NCs on atomic scale, with a semi-automatic analysis of low-magnification high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM images, which reveals the nanoscopic morphological attributes of NCs with good statistics. The results of these complementary techniques are combined and correlated. The potential of this multiscale approach is illustrated on two examples. In the first one, the habitus of Au NCs was classified and assigned to multiply twinned nanoparticles and nanoplates. These classes were quantified and related to different stacking fault densities. The second example demonstrates the statistical determination of crystallographic orientations and configurations of facets in Au nanorods.
Biomimetic Mineralization of Ca-Mg Carbonates: Relevance to Microbial Cells and Extracellular Polymeric Substances
Authors: Zhang Chonghong , Li Fuchun , Lyu Jiejie , Yao Youru
Published: January 2023

Research on Ca-Mg carbonate crystallization and phase transition regulated by microbial cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) is significant for carbon sequestration, remediation of polluted soil and water, and synthesis of functional biomaterials. This study focused on the mineralogical transformation from amorphism to crystal, and interaction among cells, EPS, and minerals. By tracing the law of mineral growth and morphological evolution, the influences of cells and EPS on mineral formation were investigated. The results revealed that calcification and the template of rod-shaped cells of strain HJ-1 were the basis for the formation of dumbbell-shaped particles, and directional aggregation and differential growth were the keys to the development and stability of dumbbells. Cell participation had a noticeable impact on mineral prototypes, instead of determining the polymorphism. EPS contributed to aragonite formation and stability. The acidic amino acids or proteins in EPS were likely to cause an increase in MgCO3 content in Mg-calcite. EPS promoted aggregation of particles and induced spherical formation. Exopolysaccharides and proteins were the main components of EPS that can affect carbonate mineralization. EPS could influence the morphology and polymorphism by providing nucleation sites, interacting with Mg2+, adsorbing or incorporating mineral lattices, and inducing particle aggregation.
Ameliorated Renal Pathological Feature in MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lprBackground Interleukin-36 Receptor-Deficient Mice
Authors: Namba Takashi , Ichii Osamu , Okamura Tadashi , Nakano Kenta , Nakamura Teppei , Otani Yuki , Kon Yasuhiro
Published: January 2023

Systemic autoimmune diseases frequently induce lupus nephritis, causing altered balance and expression of interleukin 36 receptor (IL-36R) ligands, including agonists (IL-36α, β, γ) and antagonists (IL-36Ra, IL-38), in kidneys. Here, we established and analyzed a mouse model of lupus nephritis, MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr with IL-36R-knockout (KO), compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In both genotypes, indices for immune abnormalities and renal functions were comparable, although female WT mice showed higher serum autoantibody levels than males. IL-36R ligand expression did not differ significantly between genotypes at the mRNA level or in IL-36α and IL-38 scores. However, glomerular lesions, especially mesangial matrix expansion, were significantly ameliorated in both sexes of IL-36R-KO mice compared to WT mice. Cell infiltration into the tubulointerstitium with the development of tertiary lymphoid structures was comparable between genotypes. However, the positive correlation with the IL-36α score in WT mice was not evident in IL-36R-KO mice. Fibrosis was less in female IL-36R-KO mice than in WT mice. Importantly, some IL-36α+ nuclei co-localized with acetylated lysine and GCN5 histone acetyltransferase, in both genotypes. Therefore, IL-36R ligands, especially IL-36α, contribute to the progression of renal pathology in lupus nephritis via IL-36R-dependent and IL-36R-independent pathways.