bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baby Cry Detection in Domestic Environment using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors:   Ph.D from Anna University,chennai,India., Prabhu.L* Arokia Jesu , Reethu M M. ,   B.E Computer Science and En Engineering in Sri Shakthi institute of engineering and technology technology., Sabaritha M. ,   B.E Computer Science and En Engineering in Sri Shakthi institute of engineering and technology technology, Santhiya S. S. ,   B.E Computer Science and En Engineering in Sri Shakthi institute of engineering and technology technology, Subramanian N. ,   B.E Computer Science and En Engineering in Sri Shakthi institute of engineering and technology technology
Published: May 2020

In this paper we will identify a cry signals of infants and the explanation behind the screams below 0-6 months of segment age. Detection of baby cry signals is essential for the pre-processing of various applications involving crial analysis for baby caregivers, such as emotion detection. Since cry signals hold baby well-being information and can be understood to an extent by experienced parents and experts. We train and validate the neural network architecture for baby cry detection and also test the fastAI with the neural network. Trained neural networks will provide a model and this model can predict the reason behind the cry sound. Only the cry sounds are recognized, and alert the user automatically. Created a web application by responding and detecting different emotions including hunger, tired, discomfort, bellypain.
Throughput Maximization by Optimizing Secondary Users in a Cooperative Cognitive Radio Network using Hard Fusion Rules
Authors:   Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, CMR Technical Campus, Medchal, Telangana, 501401 India, Aswini* V. , Sudhamani Ch. ,   Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, CMR Technical Campus, Medchal, Telangana, 501401 India
Published: May 2020

Cognitive radio network is a promising technology for enabling secondary users to utilize the licensed spectrum of the primary user without causing interference. The data trans- mitted by the secondary users through primary channel without affecting the primary user is known as channel throughput. In cooperative spectrum sensing(CSS) as the number of secondary users increases the channel throughput increases which in turn reduces the spectrum efficiency due to more spectrum wastage. Therefore in this paper, channel throughput is maximized by optimizing secondary users proposed and throughput for variable secondary users for OR and AND fusion rules is investigated. The optimal secondary users is estimated mathematically and simulation results shows the variation of throughput for variable number of secondary users.
VLSI Implementation of Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) based Test Pattern Generator for Pseudo Exhaustive Testing
Authors:   Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, India., Sridhar* Siripurapu , Mounika K. ,   B. Tech, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, India., Anjali M. ,   B. Tech, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, India., Venkatesh G. ,   B. Tech, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, India., Krishna M. Murali ,   B. Tech, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, India.
Published: May 2020

Advanced strides of improvement in programmable logic density, enhancements in speed and hardware description language (HDL) are empowering design engineers to implement highly performing and testable digital systems. Linear feedback shift registers (LFSR) are the critical elements in the testing and self testing of contemporary complex electronic systems like processors, Built-in-self-test (BIST) controllers and integrated circuits (ICs) etc. Fundamentally BIST is a Design-for-Testability (DFT) technique meant to configure testing functions physically with the circuit under test (CUT). To enhance the percentage of fault coverage as a part of BIST operations (testing the IC), LFSRs are deployed (as test pattern generator) to generate the test vectors inside logic BIST for testing digital systems. Proposed work is focused upon designing a fast adder based variable length pseudorandom binary sequence pattern generator (PRBSPG) and experimental validations. LFSR possess characteristics of high speed, better encoding efficiency, high fault coverage, low test volume data and low power consumption specially suitable in processing environment where uniform distribution random numbers are required. Verilog HDL is employed for structuring the modular design units while Xilinx ISE tool is deployed for validating the proposed LFSR design work and associated modular units.
Convolutional Neural Network for Automated Analyzing of Medical Images
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineeirng, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai., Cibi* Ms.A. , Rose Dr.R. Jemila ,   Associate Professor, St.Xavier's Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil.
Published: May 2020

Convolutional Neural Network CNN) is one of the deep learning algorithms. It is useful for finding patterns in images. Intelligent software automates understanding images and speech. Extracting distinct features, by their own induces intelligent to software for identifying objects, recognizing faces and diagnosing diseases from medical images. With the help of CNN, software on their own acquires the knowledge of patterns from raw data. These developments play a prominent role in medical imaging. Classification, Segmentation and diagnosing are the area where CNN marked its importance. About CNN there has been a large array of improvements achieved in the last few years. We provide a short overview of the role of CNN in medical image analysis. A shallow CNN model is proposed as an automatic diagnosing system. This work specifically concentrates on three key elements: (1) building blocks of convolutional neural networks (2) introduction of various CNN architecture; (3) Challenges in implementing CNN for analyzing medical images.
Financial Fraud Detection Mechanisms to Overcome Trust Issues within Trade Segments
Authors:   Department of Computer Science & Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India., Radhika*  , Chhabra Amit ,   Assistant Professor, Department of computer Science & Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
Published: May 2020

Frauds in modern era are cause of concern in almost every field of life. Credit card, money laundering and bank frauds are common and technology has to play important part in overcoming this issue. This paper provides insight into financial frauds leading from malicious users in trading network. To this end several techniques are researched over. To start with price based fraud detection is discussed and then similarity matrix, linear binary patterns, support vector machine and random forest in the field of fraud detection are elaborated. This paper highlights pros and cons of each of such techniques. Dataset required determining classification accuracy of these approaches is synthetically driven. Execution time while determining frauds is critical entity and similarity matrix approach is fast and accurate as compared to random forest, support vector and linear binary patterns. Parameters: Classification Accuracy, Execution time Implementation tool: Matlab 2018 Achievement: support vector machine results are closer to similarity matrix based approach in terms of classification accuracy but execution time of similarity based approach is much less and hence this algorithm is considered better in determining financial frauds.
Cooperative Data Scheduling in Software Defined Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (SDVAN)
Authors:   Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering , Nagpur, Maharashtra ,India ., Choudhary* Mrs. Swapna , Dorle Dr. Sanjay ,   Department of Electronics Engineering, G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering , Nagpur, Maharashtra ,India
Published: May 2020

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is the form of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) in which the movement of vehicle is restricted by direction of road and traffic regulation. Real-world applications of vehicular communications are restricted due to rigidity in the deployment of protocol. To cover up this limitation in VANET, Software Defined Network (SDN) should be used for better utilization of channels and wireless resources. Due to dynamic nature of vehicles, finding and maintaining data dissemination is essential. Various applications uses different data from different sources, but for short period, high speed vehicles lives in the locality of road side unit (RSU) which results in latency issue. Therefore, to reduce delay scheduling of data is important so that it can serve as much requests as possible. The paper aims to implement SDN architecture along with flow management and Cooperative Data Dissemination (CDD) algorithm which will increase the speed of data dissemination. The performance of proposed algorithm is analyzed on the basic of parameters such as service ratio, service delay and gain of scalability. System performance is improved by improving CDD with peer to peer network.
Improve OCR Accuracy with Advanced Image Preprocessing using Machine Learning with Python
Authors:   Computer Science And Engineering Department, ABES Institute Of Technology, Ghaziabad, India., Handa* Kritika , Sharma Mahika ,   Computer Science And Engineering Department, ABES Institute Of Technology, Ghaziabad, India., Jaiswal Rishika ,   Computer Science And Engineering Department, ABES Institute Of Technology, Ghaziabad, India., Kumar Prof. Sanjeev ,   Computer Science And Engineering Department, ABES Institute Of Technology, Ghaziabad, India.
Published: May 2020

Optical Character Recognition or Optical Character Reader (OCR) is a pattern-based method consciousness that transforms the concept of electronic conversion of images of handwritten text or printed text in a text compiled. Equipment or tools used for that purpose are cameras and apartment scanners. Handwritten text is scanned using a scanner. The image of the scrutinized document is processed using the program. Identification of manuscripts is difficult compared to other western language texts. In our proposed work we will accept the challenge of identifying letters and letters and working to achieve the same. Image Preprocessing techniques can effectively improve the accuracy of an OCR engine. The goal is to design and implement a machine with a learning machine and Python that is best to work with more accurate than OCR's pre-built machines with unique technologies such as MatLab, Artificial Intelligence, Neural networks, etc.
Power Quality Submetering using Iot
Authors:   EEE department, Lakireddy Bali Reddy college of Engineering (A), Mylavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India., Narasimha* P.V.L. , babu K. Sandeep ,   EEE department, Lakireddy Bali Reddy college of Engineering (A), Mylavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India., sai Y. Venkata ,   EEE department, Lakireddy Bali Reddy college of Engineering (A), Mylavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India., Raghuvamsi Mr. Y. ,   EEE department, Lakireddy Bali Reddy college of Engineering (A), Mylavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: May 2020

Electric energy is an important need now a day. Everyone utilize the energy to an extent in such a way that the usage of various kind of equipments under the Building Management System increases, it is crucial and important to ensure the perfect operation of the equipments. Uninterrupted power supply is very important for every house, and also maintaining the quality of power given to the system and reliability of supply are essential. Also monitoring the operation of equipment can play a major role. Submetering, is a concept of calculating the power consumed by individual ones or the entire system in any building management system. An Internet of Things (IoT) platform, which allows a kind of environment for the accessing the information in a building management system. Also it would be useful for ensuring safe operations. This submetering work deals with an IoT platform for monitoring the quality of power at the input of the system, provides the early detection of faults and analysis which is used to control the system. Moreover, the measured power quality problems can be processed in the IoT system by which the analysis will be done with the comparison of standard values of the system. The Power quality submetering is built around by arduino with internet of things platform, which provides an energy submetering Integrated Circuit (IC). The data obtained from the submeter by internet of things is wirelessly transferred to the user and also measured for power quality analysis, load and energy management.
Monitoring Driver’s Vigilance Level Using Real-Time Facial Expression and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Al-Dweik Arafat , Tamanani Reza Mohammadi , Muresan Radu
Published: May 2020

Road accidents caused by human error are among

the main causes of the death in the world. Specifically, drowsiness and unconsciousness while driving are responsible for many fatal accidents on highways. Accuracy and performance are key metrics related to many researched techniques for the detection of drivers’ drowsiness. To improve these metrics, in this paper,

a new method based on image processing and deep learning is proposed. The proposed method is based on facial region diagnosing using the Haar-cascade method and convolutional neural network for drowsiness probability detection. Evaluation analysis of the proposed method on the UTA-RLDD dataset with stratified 5-fold cross-validation showed a high accuracy of 96.8% at a speed of 10 frames per second, which is higher than those that have previously been reported in the literature. For further investigation, a custom dataset including 10 participants in different light conditions was collected. The result of all experiments showed the great potential of the proposed method

for practical applications in intelligent transportation systems
THE FIRST CONFIRMED CASES OF COVID-19 IN INDONESIAN CITIZENS
Authors: Tosepu Ramadhan , Effendy Devi Savitri , Ahmad La Ode Ali Imran
Published: May 2020

N/A
ANALYSIS OF LAND IN PROTECTED AREAS OF GAS PIPELINES OF DIFFERENT PRESSURE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FERGHANA REGION
Authors: Abdullayev Ibrohim Numanovich  , Marupov Azizxon Abbosxonovich  , Tulqin Ahmedov
Published: May 2020

Protection zones of underground and aboveground gas pipelines with different pressure indicators are of great importance not only for safety, also and for present and future land use. The use of these lands for domestic and agricultural needs, with the correct organization of cadastral relations, is relevant to this issue. At the same time, an example is provided of a gas transport pipeline section with a pressure indicator of 6 kgf/sm2.
KEY WORDS: security zones, land plot, information about zones, zones with high pressure, gas lines, gas pipelines, bonus points, engineering networks, various buildings, construction of buildings and structures.
L’étude temporelle des transitions paysagères et de l’hétérogénéité dans la mosaïque d’habitats comme outil d’évaluation des opérations de restauration écologique ? Retours d’expériences et analyse comparative
Authors: STAENTZEL C. , COMBROUX I. , BARILLIER A. , BEISEL J.-N.
Published: May 2020

L’augmentation des projets de restauration écologique et le besoin d’évaluation des options techniques retenues motivent le développement d’indicateurs et d’outils suffisamment performants pour statuer quant à l’efficacité d’une opération de restauration. Le potentiel des méthodes d’analyse du paysage est largement sous-utilisé dans le domaine de la restauration malgré le grand intérêt de ces méthodes. Les analyses paysagères permettent de caractériser les transitions d’un paysage entre deux états et ainsi de mieux comprendre les trajectoires évolutives des écosystèmes. Elles fournissent également un cadre comparatif et multiéchelle des transitions pouvant s’opérer selon les projets de restauration écologique réalisés. Cet article a pour objectif 1) de donner un retour d’expérience quant à l’évolution des habitats à la suite des travaux d’injection sédimentaire sur le Vieux Rhin (Rhin supérieur, France), et 2) de replacer ces résultats dans un cadre comparatif avec les résultats issus de travaux d’érosion maîtrisée. Après les deux injections sédimentaires, des transitions majeures se sont produites au sein des habitats semi-aquatiques et aquatiques de la zone d’étude, mais la durabilité des effets en découlant est discutable. L’action des crues a été identifiée comme un facteur clé dans la résilience post-restauration de ces milieux aux invasions biologiques par des plantes aquatiques. À une échelle plus fine, l’hétérogénéité en mésohabitats n’a pas fortement augmenté comme cela a été le cas suite aux travaux d’érosion maîtrisée. Les états post-restaurations se sont avérés être rapidement similaires à l’état prérestauration, dont l’équilibre dynamique était d’ores et déjà équivalent à celui d’un secteur de référence aux caractéristiques naturelles. Pour conclure, l’approche utilisée permet d’évaluer objectivement les conséquences de travaux de restauration. Une utilisation plus large des méthodes mises en oeuvre permettrait de fournir un cadre facilitant l’aide à la décision dans les projets futurs de restauration écologique.
Аналіз асортименту рослин оранжереї ботанічного саду "Поділля" Вінницького Національного аграрного університету
Authors: Монарх В. В.
Published: May 2020

Доведено, що місцем, відведеним під озеленення приміщення, в якому на обмеженій площі розміщено екзотичні рослини в поєднанні з водними пристроями та малими архітектурними формами, є оранжерея ботанічного саду "Поділля" Вінницького національного аграрного університету. Її основне призначення є не тільки естетичне задоволення гостей та жителів міста, відпочинок на природі в будь-який сезон року, а й розмноження та інтродукція видів рослин інших кліматичних зон. Вперше проведено сучасну оцінку асортименту рослин оранжереї ботанічного саду "Поділля" ВНАУ, відповідно до якої в оранжереї нараховують 44 родини, 88 родів та 94 види рослин. Висвітлено, що головним компонентом оранжереї є види, що належать до різних родин та відрізняються за вимогами, необхідними для їх росту та розвитку. Асортимент видів, представлених в оранжереї, є надзвичайно широкий. Встановлено, що рослини за вимогами до місцезростання належать до різних кліматичних зон. Тому для їх декоративності та відмінного росту в оранжереї необхідним є створення відповідним умов. Досліджено, що рослини різних природних ареалів зростання розташовані в оранжереї хаотично без дотримання певного порядку чи систематики. Види інтродуцентів, які є в оранжереї ботанічного саду різняться за відношенням до температури, прийнятної для їх нормального росту і розвитку, тому і розміщувати їх варто групами чи колекціями, наприклад: зона рослин тропіків, зона рослин субтропіків, зона рослин сухих субтропіків, зона рослин Середземномор'я та зона рослин Азії. Враховуючи встановлену малу кількість представників рослин сухих субтропіків в оранжереї ботанічного саду, обов'язковим є поповнення колекції сукулентів та створення флораріуму і кактусарію.
Здатність деревних видів акумулювати важкі метали в умовах нафтозабруднених ґрунтів
Authors: Караванович Х. Б. , Глібовицька Н. І.
Published: May 2020

Досліджено особливості акумуляції хімічних елементів деревними рослинами в умовах впливу Битків-Бабчинського нафтового родовища. Рентгенофлуоресцентним методом встановлено концентрацію алюмінію, цинку, титану, феруму, стронцію, нікелю, купруму, арсену, брому, рубідію, молібдену, паладію, аргентуму, плюмбуму, ванадію у сухій масі листкових пластинок клена гостролистого, бука лісового, ліщини звичайної, берези повислої, липи серцелистої та осики, що зростають у забрудненому нафтопродуктами довкіллі. За допомогою програм CorelDRAW та ImageJ розраховано частку некротизованої тканини асиміляційних органів деревних рослин в умовах впливу родовища. Встановлено прямо пропорційну залежність між ураженням листкових пластинок дерев некрозами та накопиченням хімічних елементів рослинами. Зафіксовано відсутність арсену, брому, молібдену, паладію, аргентуму, плюмбуму, ванадію у листках клена, бука, липи. Виявлено зростання вмісту хімічних елементів у асиміляційних органах дослідних дерев у такому ряді: Mo → Pb → Pd → Ag → Br → As → V → Ni → Rb → Cu → Sr → Ti → Zn → Fe → Al. Частка некротизації листків в умовах Битків-Бабчинського нафтового родовища зростає у ряді дослідних рослин: бук → клен → липа → осика → береза → ліщина. Максимальною акумулятивною здатністю хімічних елементів володіє ліщина, мінімальною – бук та клен. Враховуючи значні кумулятивні ресурси ліщини, доцільно використовувати вид як фіторемедіант забрудненого хімічними елементами довкілля. Клен та бук належать до рослин-елімінаторів, які вибірково та в невеликих кількостях поглинають токсиканти з довкілля, що зумовлено наявністю у цих видів потужних протекторних механізмів. Береза, липа та осика відзначаються цінними біоіндикаторними характеристиками та їх можна використовувати для оцінювання екологічного напруження середовища.
Spreading properties of a multi-Gaussian Schell-modelvortex beam in slanted atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Shuai Chang  , Yansong Song  , Yan Dong  , Keyan Dong
Published: May 2020

The cross-spectral density function of a multi-Gaussian Schell-model vortex (MGSMV) beam propagating through slanted atmospheric turbulence was derived, and the influences of the MGSMV beam parameter and slanted atmospheric turbulence on the spreading properties of a MGSMV beam are studied. One can find that a MGSMV beam propagating in slanted atmospheric turbulence can evolve into the flat-topped beam, and a MGSMV beam with larger index N and topological charge M propagating in slanted atmospheric turbulence will lose the dark hollow center and evolve into the Gaussian beam more slowly than the MGSMV beam with smaller index N and topological charge M. It is also found that a MGSMV beam propagating in slanted atmospheric turbulence with larger strucutre parameter C will evolve into Gaussian beam faster, but the influences of zenith angle α on the spreading properties of MGSMV beam in the far field can be ignored.
Raw data from Ocular Response Analyzer applied for differentiation of normal and glaucoma patients
Authors: Jóźwik Agnieszka , Asejczyk-Widlicka Magdalena , Boszczyk Agnieszka , Kasprzak Henryk , Krzyżanowska-Berkowska Patrycja
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Presented study describes new parameters calculated from the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) raw data. Such an approach can increase the applicability of the ORA in ophthalmic diagnosis. Among many proposed and examined by us parameters from raw data of the air pressure and applanation curves, only a few were chosen and then applied for characterizing a selected group of patients. Methods: The study included healthy subjects in a control group and patients divided into 2 groups: suspect and glaucoma. A series of four ORA measurements were taken from each subject. The raw ORA data were numerically analyzed and new parameters were calculated from the ORA curves for each measurement. Comparative analysis was carried out for the newly proposed parameters (and original parameters from the ORA device). Results: This interesting finding is that the new parameters showed a statistically significant ability to distinguish the glaucoma suspect group from healthy and glaucomatous patients. Moreover comparable or higher repeatability than for IOPg and CH was obtained. Conclusion: Raw data from the ORA enables definition and numerical analysis of new parameters, characterizing every measurement, which can be successfully used for describing an individual eye and differentiating between some specific groups of patients.
The Effect of Trade Openness on Carbon Dioxide Emission in Taiwan: A Quantile Mediation Analysis
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Kuang
Published: May 2020

This paper adopts an innovative method, called a quantile mediation analysis, which combines a quantile regression and mediation analysis to examine the impact of trade openness on carbon dioxide emission whether through economic growth or not from 1990 to 2018 in Taiwan. The result of the traditional ordinary least square approach shows that Taiwan’s trade openness affects carbon dioxide emission through the full mediation effect of economic growth for the period of 1990-2018 and there is no direct relation between trade openness and carbon dioxide emission. Moreover, the results of this innovative analysis indicate that Taiwan’s trade openness also affects carbon dioxide emission through the full mediation effect of economic growth at any distribution of carbon dioxide emission, and there is no direct effect from trade openness to carbon dioxide emission. This result indicates that trade openness only exists an indirect effect through economic growth in Taiwan. This finding supports Antweiler, Copeland and Taylor’s point of view [1].
Функционирование русскоязычного интертекста в переводе: лингвоаксиология перевода постмодернистского текста
Authors: Karpukhina V.N.
Published: May 2020

Основная задача статьи выявить ключевые лингвоаксиологические стратегии переводческого дискурса при передаче постмодернистского текста с русского языка на английский. В результате исследования было определено, что русскоязычный интертекст романа Бориса Акунина ориентирован на максимальное узнавание массовой аудиторией. Однако за легко опознаваемыми интертекстуальными элементами романа скрывается двойная ирония автора ирассказчика в тексте, что создает специфические аксио-генные ситуации переоценки текстов русской классической литературы. Эндрю Бромфильд, переводчик романа Акунина на английский язык, адекватно воссоздает прагматический потенциал иронических отсылок интертекста. Аксиогенные ситуации иронического использования сюжетных ходов русских модернистских текстов вромане Акунина при переводе остаются в пространстве затекстовой информации.

The paper considers precedent text creating Russian intertext in the novelThe Diamond Chariotby Boris Akunin and its translation into English. The object under consideration is intertextual allusions, both in the original and in translation of the novel. The subject analyzed is the postmodernist translators discourse. The paper aims at revealing the key axiological linguistic strategies used in translation of the postmodernist text from Russian into English. The research resulted in the fact that Russian intertext of Boris Akunins novel is made for being understandable by mass audience. But the authors and narrators irony lies beneath those recognizable intertextual elements which create specific axiogenic situations of re-evaluation Russian classic literature texts. Andrew Bromfield, the translator of Akunins novel into English, reconstructs adequately the pragmatic potential of intertextual ironic allusions. Axiogenic situations of ironic usage of Russian modernist texts plots in Akunins novel go behind the scene in translation.
The deadliest of errors is denying that one has erred. Errata Pak J Surg Med Volume 1 Issue 1.
Authors: Anwer Ammar
Published: May 2020

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Risk Stratification in COVID-19
Authors: Chakravorty Subarna
Published: May 2020

Following the first few reports of a novel coronavirus affecting a large number of Chinese residents in the city of Wuhan, it was rapidly clear that the disease did not affect everyone to the same degree. Often this is based on socio-political factors, leadership and resilience of the public health infrastructure. The predicted surge in infections due to high viral transmission rates threatened to overwhelm every healthcare system in the world. However, it has become clear that the experience of different population groups or subsets with variable characteristics was not the same. This review assesses pre-existing conditions that were identified as pathophysiological or sociodemographic risk factors of COVID-19. This will allow policymakers to decide what mitigation is needed to reduce those risks and protect the public from infections.
Two Substructures in the nearby Stellar Halo Found in Gaia and RAVE
Authors: Li Hefan , Du Cuihua , Yang Yanbin , Newberg Heidi Jo , Ma Jun , Shi Jianrong , Piao Yunsong
Published: May 2020

We use the second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2), combined with Radial Velocity Experiment spectroscopic surveys, to identify the substructures in the nearby stellar halo. We select 3845 halo stars kinematically and chemically and determine their density distribution in energy and angular momentum space. To select the substructures from overdensities, we reshuffle the velocities and estimate their significance. Two statistically significant substructures, GR-1 and GR-2, are identified. GR-1 has a high binding energy and small z-angular momentum. GR-2 is metal-rich but retrograde. They are both new substructures, and may be accretion debris of dwarf galaxies.
Studying the Local Magnetic Field and Anisotropy of Magnetic Turbulence by Synchrotron Polarization Derivative
Authors: Zhang Jian-Fu , Hu Ke , Cho Jungyeon , Lazarian Alex
Published: May 2020

Due to the inevitable accumulation of observational information in the direction of the line of sight, it is difficult to measure the local magnetic field of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. However, a correct understanding of the local magnetic field is a prerequisite for reconstructing the Galactic 3D magnetic field. We study how to reveal the local magnetic field direction and the eddy anisotropy on the basis of the statistics of synchrotron polarization derivative with respect to the squared wavelength dP/dλ
2. In the low-frequency and strong Faraday rotation regime, we implement numerical simulations in the combination of multiple statistic techniques, such as structure function, quadrupole ratio modulus, spectral correlation function, correlation function anisotropy, and spatial gradient techniques. We find that (1) statistic analysis of dP/dλ
2 indeed reveals the anisotropy of underlying MHD turbulence, the degree of which increases with the increase of the radiation frequency; and (2) the synergy of both correlation function anisotropy and gradient calculation of dP/dλ
2 enables the measurement of the local magnetic field direction.
Oceanographic Considerations for Exoplanet Life Detection
Authors: Olson Stephanie L. , Jansen Malte , Abbot Dorian S.
Published: May 2020

Liquid water oceans are at the center of our search for life on exoplanets because water is a strict requirement for life as we know it. However, oceans are dynamic habitats—and some oceans may be better hosts for life than others. In Earth’s ocean, circulation transports essential nutrients such as phosphate and is a first-order control on the distribution and productivity of life. Of particular importance is upward flow from the dark depths of the ocean in response to wind-driven divergence in surface layers. This “upwelling” returns essential nutrients that tend to accumulate at depth via sinking of organic particulates back to the sunlit regions where photosynthetic life thrives. Ocean dynamics are likely to impose constraints on the activity and atmospheric expression of photosynthetic life in exo-oceans as well, but we lack an understanding of how ocean dynamics may differ on other planets. We address this issue by exploring the sensitivity of ocean dynamics to a suite of planetary parameters using ROCKE-3D, a fully coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model. Our results suggest that planets that rotate slower and have higher surface pressure than Earth may be the most attractive targets for remote life detection because upwelling is enhanced under these conditions, resulting in greater nutrient supply to the surface biosphere. Seasonal deepening of the mixed layer on high-obliquity planets may also enhance nutrient replenishment from depth into the surface mixed layer. Efficient nutrient recycling favors greater biological activity, more biosignature production, and thus more detectable life. More generally, our results demonstrate the importance of considering oceanographic phenomena for exoplanet life detection and motivate future interdisciplinary contributions to the emerging field of exo-oceanography.
Electric Current Evolution at the Footpoints of Solar Eruptions
Authors: Barczynski Krzysztof , Aulanier Guillaume , Janvier Miho , Schmieder Brigitte , Masson Sophie
Published: May 2020

Electric currents play a critical role in the triggering of solar flares and their evolution. The aim of the present paper is to test whether the surface electric current has a surface or subsurface fixed source as predicted by the circuit approach of flare physics, or is the response of the surface magnetic field to the evolution of the coronal magnetic field as the MHD approach proposes? Out of all 19 X-class flares observed by SDO from 2011 to 2016 near the disk center, we analyzed the only nine eruptive flares for which clear ribbon hooks were identifiable. Flare ribbons with hooks are considered to be the footprints of eruptive flux ropes in MHD flare models. For the first time, fine measurements of the time evolution of electric currents inside the hooks in the observations as well as in the OHM 3D MHD simulation are performed. Our analysis shows a decrease of the electric current in the area surrounded by the ribbon hooks during and after the eruption. We interpret the decrease of the electric currents as due to the expansion of the flux rope in the corona during the eruption. Our analysis brings a new contribution to the standard flare model in 3D.
The Angular Momentum of the Circumgalactic Medium in the TNG100 Simulation
Authors: DeFelippis Daniel , Genel Shy , Bryan Greg L. , Nelson Dylan , Pillepich Annalisa , Hernquist Lars
Published: May 2020

We present an analysis of the angular momentum content of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) using TNG100, one of the flagship runs of the IllustrisTNG project. We focus on Milky Way–mass halos (∼1012
M
⊙) at z = 0 but also analyze other masses and redshifts up to z = 5. We find that the CGM angular momentum properties are strongly correlated with the stellar angular momentum of the corresponding galaxy: the CGM surrounding high-angular momentum galaxies has a systematically higher angular momentum and is better aligned to the rotational axis of the galaxy itself than the CGM surrounding low-angular momentum galaxies. Both the hot and cold phases of the CGM show this dichotomy, though it is stronger for colder gas. The CGM of high-angular momentum galaxies is characterized by a large wedge of cold gas with rotational velocities at least ∼1/2 of the halo’s virial velocity, extending out to ∼1/2 of the virial radius, and by biconical polar regions dominated by radial velocities suggestive of galactic fountains; both of these features are absent from the CGM of low-angular momentum galaxies. These conclusions are general to halo masses ≲1012
M
⊙ and for z ≲ 2, but they do not apply for more massive halos or at the highest redshift studied. By comparing simulations run with alterations to the fiducial feedback model, we identify the better alignment of the CGM to high-angular momentum galaxies as a feedback-independent effect and the galactic winds as a dominant influence on the CGM’s angular momentum.
The Rotation Curve, Mass Distribution, and Dark Matter Content of the Milky Way from Classical Cepheids
Authors: Ablimit Iminhaji , Zhao Gang , Flynn Chris , Bird Sarah A.
Published: May 2020

With the increasing number of large stellar survey projects, the quality and quantity of excellent tracers for studying the Milky Way are rapidly growing, one of which is the classical Cepheids. Classical Cepheids are high-precision standard candles with very low typical uncertainties (<3%) available via the mid-infrared period–luminosity relation. About 3500 classical Cepheids identified from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment, All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernova, Gaia, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, and Zwicky Transient Facility survey data have been analyzed in this work, and their spatial distributions show a clear signature of Galactic warp. Two kinematical methods are adopted to measure the Galactic rotation curve (RC) in the Galactocentric distance range of

. Gently declining RCs are derived by both the proper motion (PM) method and three-dimensional velocity vector (3DV) method. The largest sample of classical Cepheids with the most accurate 6D phase-space coordinates available to date are modeled in the 3DV method, and the resulting RC is found to decline at the relatively smaller gradient of (−1.33 ± 0.1)

. Comparing to results from the PM method, a higher rotation velocity ((232.5 ± 0.83)

) is derived at the position of the Sun in the 3DV method. The virial mass and local dark matter density are estimated from the 3DV method, which is the more reliable method,

and

GeV, respectively.
The Chiral Puzzle of Life
Authors: Globus Noemie , Blandford Roger D.
Published: May 2020

Biological molecules chose one of two structurally chiral systems which are related by reflection in a mirror. It is proposed that this choice was made, causally, by cosmic rays, which are known to play a major role in mutagenesis. It is shown that magnetically polarized cosmic rays that dominate at ground level today can impose a small, but persistent, chiral bias in the rate at which they induce structural changes in simple, chiral monomers that are the building blocks of biopolymers. A much larger effect should be present with helical biopolymers, in particular, those that may have been the progenitors of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid. It is shown that the interaction can be both electrostatic, just involving the molecular electric field, and electromagnetic, also involving a magnetic field. It is argued that this bias can lead to the emergence of a single, chiral life form over an evolutionary timescale. If this mechanism dominates, then the handedness of living systems should be universal. Experiments are proposed to assess the efficacy of this process.
Stochastic Turbulent Acceleration in a Fractal Environment
Authors: Sioulas Nikos , Isliker Heinz , Vlahos Loukas
Published: May 2020

We analyze the stochastic acceleration of particles inside a fully developed turbulent plasma. It is well known that large-amplitude magnetic fluctuations and coherent structures in such an environment obey a fractal scaling, and our specific aim is to study for the first time the effects of the fractality of these environments on stochastic acceleration. We have shown that an injected Maxwellian energy distribution is heated and forms a high-energy tail in a very short time. Using standard parameters for the low solar corona, the injected Maxwellian distribution of electrons gets heated from the initial 100 eV to 10 KeV, and the power-law index of the high-energy tail is about −2.3. The high-energy tail starts around 100 keV, and reaches 10 MeV. The index of the power-law tail depends on the system size, and it is in good agreement with observed values for realistic system sizes. The heating and acceleration process is very fast (∼2 s). The reason why the acceleration time is so short is that the particles are trapped within small-scale parts of the fractal environment, and their scattering mean free path reduces drastically. The presence of small-scale activity also easily pulls particles from the thermal pool, so there is no need for a seed population. The mean square displacement in space and energy is superdiffusive for the high-energy particles.
New Evidence for a Physical Link between Asteroids (155140) 2005 UD and (3200) Phaethon*
Authors: Devogèle Maxime , MacLennan Eric , Gustafsson Annika , Moskovitz Nicholas , Chatelain Joey , Borisov Galin , Abe Shinsuke , Arai Tomoko , Fedorets Grigori , Ferrais Marin , Granvik Mikael , Jehin Emmanuel , Siltala Lauri , Pöntinen Mikko , Mommert Michael , Polishook David , Skiff Brian , Tanga Paolo , Yoshida Fumi
Published: May 2020

In 2018, the near-Earth object (155140) 2005 UD (hereafter UD) experienced a close fly by of the Earth. We present results from an observational campaign involving photometric, spectroscopic, and polarimetric observations carried out across a wide range of phase angles (0.°7–88°). We also analyze archival NEOWISE observations. We report an absolute magnitude of H
V = 17.51 ± 0.02 mag and an albedo of p
V = 0.10 ± 0.02. UD has been dynamically linked to Phaethon due their similar orbital configurations. Assuming similar surface properties, we derived new estimates for the diameters of Phaethon and UD of D = 5.4 ± 0.5 km and D = 1.3 ± 0.1 km, respectively. Thermophysical modeling of NEOWISE data suggests a surface thermal inertia of

and regolith grain size in the range of 0.9–10 mm for UD and grain sizes of 3–30 mm for Phaethon. The light curve of UD displays a symmetric shape with a reduced amplitude of Am(0) = 0.29 mag and increasing at a linear rate of 0.017 mag/° between phase angles of 0° and ∼25°. Little variation in light-curve morphology was observed throughout the apparition. Using light-curve inversion techniques, we obtained a sidereal rotation period P = 5.235 ± 0.005 hr. A search for rotational variation in spectroscopic and polarimetric properties yielded negative results within observational uncertainties of ∼10% μm−1 and ∼16%, respectively. In this work, we present new evidence that Phaethon and UD are similar in composition and surface properties, strengthening the arguments for a genetic relationship between these two objects.
Mobile Simulator Control System for Isolating Breathing Apparatus of Software-Hardware Platform
Authors: Obukhov Artem , Dedov Denis , Siukhin Alexander , Arkhipov Alexey
Published: May 2020

The current problem in the process of training miners is to ensure the mobility and the ability to perform exercises not only on simulators, but also in real conditions of the mine. Therefore, the software and hardware platform of the training complex should include not only imitators of isolating breathing apparatus for developing proper breathing skills in self-rescuers, but also mobile control systems. This will allow carrying out the learning process in conditions similar to real, will increase usability by eliminating wired data transfer interfaces. In addition, the mobile control system of the simulator monitors the trainee's state indicators in real time in an understandable form for him on a wristband or watch. For the implementation of software and hardware of such system, appropriate structural and functional models were developed, including patterns of interaction between components, data transfer and processing processes. On their basis, a software and hardware implementation of a mobile simulator control system is carried out. The results can be applied in the development of mobile controls in various software and hardware platforms.
The Total Network Capacity of Wireless Mesh Networks for IoT Applications
Authors: Ar-Reyouchi El Miloud , Lamrani Yousra , Benchaib Imane , Ghoumid Kamal , Rattal Salma
Published: May 2020

Computing and measuring the total capacity of a data network are a remarkably difficult problem. These metrics are directly linked to the available bandwidth to each wireless internet of things (IoT) device of the network.  In this paper, the authors study the performance metrics associated with capacity traffic in multi-hop wireless mesh networks (WMNs). It is dedicated to Internet access assuming a time division multiple access (TDMA). They focus simultaneously on three key operating metrics, the total network capacity (TNC), total application network capacity (TANC), and the Average message time (AMS). They also analyze how parameters such as forward error correction (FEC) and acknowledgments (ACK) affect the overall network capacity under different operating conditions. Theoretical network capacity for WMNs, in this paper, is explored to draw attention to the number of open research issues
Comparative Characterisation of CNS/Epoxy and BN/Epoxy Nanodielectrics Using Electrical Tree PD Measurements and Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Hank Andrew M. , Nyamupangedengu Cuthbert , Mutuma Bridget , Li Hu , Coville Neil John , Leifer Klaus , Sigalas Iakovos
Published: May 2020

This paper contributes to the body of knowledge on the efforts to develop nanodielectrics as the next generation of insulation material. The time-to-failure under electrical tree-induced degradation of 1.09-1.35 vol.% hexagonal BN/Epoxy was found to be 3 times longer than in clean epoxy. For 0.31-0.33 vol.% CNS/Epoxy the time-to-failure was 24 times longer than the clean epoxy. The electrical treeing partial discharge behaviour in the BN/Epoxy and CNS/Epoxy showed distinct time-evolution characteristics different from those in the clean epoxy. The improved electrical tree endurance in BN/Epoxy relative to the clean epoxy can be attributed to increased mechanical stiffness. The superiority of the CNS/Epoxy as a nanodielectric is notable. The effect is suggested to be due to the electron affinity properties of the carbon nanospheres at appropriate dispersion levels.
Rheological, Mineralogical and Strength Variability of Concrete due to Construction Water Impurities
Authors: Awoyera Paul O. , Awobayikun Oyinkansola , Gobinath Ravindran , Ugwu Emmanuel Ikechukwu
Published: May 2020

Various national and international standards recommend potable water for mixing concrete; however, the availability of potable water is virtually a daunting task in some developing communities. Concrete workers in such environments tend to utilize any available water for mixing concrete, and this may be detrimental to the quality of the concrete being produced. This study investigates the rheological, mineralogical and strength variability of concrete due to construction water impurities. Water samples were collected from four different construction sites within Southwestern region of Nigeria for production of concrete. The physical and chemical properties of the waters were determined so as to measure their rate of contamination, prior to their use for mixing concrete. The rheological properties of the fresh concrete, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and microscale features of hardened concrete, that were produced with each water sample were determined. From the results, the rheological features of concrete were found not to be affected by water impurities, however, the mechanical test results revealed about 10% reduction in strength between concrete made with water having least and higher concentration of impurities. Also, it was evident from the microscale tests that the water impurities do alter the hydration rate of concrete, which results in strength reduction. The study suggests pretreatment of concrete mixing water before use in order to avoid its damaging effect on concrete life.