bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concepções de infância e criança no século XIX: o que orienta o “Manual para os jardins de infância” aos docentes?
Authors: Gonzalez Keila Cristina Arruda Villamayor
Published: December 2022

O texto apresenta as representações dos jardins de infância no século XIX por meio da circulação das notícias na imprensa periódica do Rio de Janeiro, nos jornais: Gazeta de Notícias, O Cruzeiro e Jornal do Commercio. A escolha dos periódicos foi orientada pela obra de Bastos (2011) que divulga um dos primeiros manuais pedagógicos destinados à educação nos jardins de infância, o Manual para os jardins da infância, publicado pelo Dr. Menezes Vieira em 1882. A pesquisa foi realizada no acervo da Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil, Hemeroteca Digital, pautada pela análise de conteúdo, de acordo com as técnicas de Vala (1986) e Bardin (1977). As notícias apontaram para: polêmicas a respeito da criação das primeiras instituições educacionais desta origem no Brasil; função dos jardins de infância sustentada nos princípios froebelianos; e tripartida com ênfase nos aspectos físico, intelectual e moral.
Descobrir, explorar, imaginar: a influência da música no desenvolvimento da criança
Authors: Monteiro Estefânia Silva , Ribeiro António José Pacheco
Published: December 2022

O projeto, Descobrir, explorar, imaginar: a influência da música no desenvolvimento da criança, foi desenvolvido numa sala de atividades de creche e jardim de infância. Deste modo, através da observação dos interesses e motivações de ambos os grupos, constatei que a temática de maior interesse era convergente em torno da música permitindo-me estabelecer uma continuidade entre contextos, tornando a seguinte interrogação a grande questão de investigação: Compreender de que forma o recurso à expressão musical pode ou não contribuir para o desenvolvimento integral e integrado da criança?  A implementação do projeto permitiu atingir todos os objetivos específicos, nomeadamente: reforçar atividades de maior contacto dos grupos com as diferentes formas de expressão e comunicação; compreender de que forma a música contribui para o desenvolvimento e aprendizagem da criança; permitir a construção de um olhar positivo das crianças sobre a música e fornecer um contacto com materiais diversificados com o intuito de estimular a intrusão da música. O projeto de intervenção pedagógica foi sustentado na abordagem de aproximação à investigação-ação e os instrumentos de recolha de informação, como as observações, os registos escritos, fotográficos e vídeo proporcionaram a construção da documentação pedagógica. Durante o projeto, os grupos mostraram-se sempre muito recetivos, interessados e motivados em todas as propostas apresentadas contribuindo para o progresso das suas habilidades no domínio motor, afetivo e cognitivo refletindo-se na construção de novas aprendizagens. O projeto nestes tramites provocou um melhoramento na minha postura, tornando-me profissionalmente mais reflexiva, surtindo efeitos evidentes na construção de novas aprendizagens pelos grupos.
The Attitude of the Lithuanians Towards Migration to Norway
Authors: Kusaitė Paulina
Published: December 2022

The article is based on the data of an empirical research conducted in Lithuania and Norway in 2021 and discusses the attitudes of the Lithuanians towards migration to Norway. The results of the survey helped to identify the main differences and similarities between the attitudes of the Lithuanians living in Lithuania and those residing in Norway towards migration to Norway: what encourages Lithuanians to emigrate to this country and stay there permanently, what associations Norway raises for Lithuanians, whether this country is a good place to raise children, and so on. Survey results showed that the Lithuanians residing in Lithuania and those living in Norway have similar opinions about Norway. Norway attracts Lithuanians by its economic aspects, such as higher wages and an opportunity to improve their economic situation. In addition, both groups of the Lithuanians appreciate the beautiful nature of Norway as one of the most important aspects of the country’s attraction.
Efecto agudo de ejercicio isométrico sobre parámetros autonómicos en adultos sedentarios obesos y con sobrepeso
Authors: Espinoza-Salinas A. , Bobadilla-Olivares M. , Millaqueo C. , Núñez M. , Oyarzun-Chicuy G. , Cano-Montoya J. , Peiret-Villacura L. , Pinto-Correa P. , Arenas-Sánchez G.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Obesity is understood as a chronic inflammation associated with complications in the autonomic nervous system dysfunction related to cardiovascular diseases. And isometric exercise, represented by manual grip strength, favors the reduction of cardiovascular risk and autonomic imbalance. Objective: to describe the acute response of an isometric exercise (IE) compared to the effect of an aerobic exercise (AE), analyzing the autonomic parameters of heart rate variability (LF/HF), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) in obese and overweight people. Methodology: 20 participants were randomly distributed into 2 groups; those who performed an aerobic exercise session on a cycle ergometer for 15 min at 50 watts (n=10) and those who performed an IE session at 30% of maximal strength (n=10). Both were evaluated pre and post intervention, the variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U statistical test with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: IE produced statistically significant changes in SBP (p= 0.001), LH/HF (p=0.02) and HR (p=0.018), while DBP improved, but not significantly. Conclusions: an EI session generates a greater decrease than EA in HRV, HR and SBP variables.

Introducción: La obesidad es entendida como una inflamación crónica asociada a complicaciones en la disfunción del sistema nervioso autónomo relacionada con enfermedades cardiovasculares. Y el ejercicio isométrico, representado por la fuerza de prensión manual, favorece la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular y al desequilibrio autonómico. Objetivo: describir la respuesta aguda de un ejercicio isométrico (EI) comparándolo con el efecto de un ejercicio aeróbico (EA), analizando los parámetros autonómicos de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (LF/HF), presión arterial diastólica (PAD), sistólica (PAS) y la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) en personas obesos y en sobrepeso. Metodología: 20 participantes fueron distribuidos al azar en 2 grupos; los que realizaron una sesión de ejercicio aeróbico en cicloergómetro durante 15 min a 50 watts (n=10) y los que realizaron una sesión de EI al 30% de la fuerza máxima. Ambos fueron evaluados pre y post intervención, se analizaron las variables mediante la prueba estadística U de Mann-Whitney con un nivel de significancia p<0,05. Resultados: El EI produjo cambios estadísticamente significativos en PAS (p= 0,001), LH/HF (p = 0,02) y FC (p=0,01), mientras que la PAD mejoró, pero no de forma significativa. Conclusiones: una sesión de EI, genera una mayor disminución que el EA en las variables de VFC, FC y PAS.
"Digital Nationalism" as the Embodiment of the Chinese Doctrine of the "Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence"
Authors: Gorian Ella
Published: December 2022

The article focuses on the special public international relations emerging among the subjects of public international law regarding the enforcement of state sovereignty in the conditions of digitalization of the economy and ensuring national interests in the field of security. The subject of the study is the Chinese doctrine of public international law. The author analyzes the legal regulations in the field of digital economy in China. The Chinese model of "digital nationalism" is being analyzed. The state sovereignty over the cyberspace is being embodied through the category of "cyber sovereignty" and the doctrine of "five principles of peaceful coexistence". The state has to implement the policy of "digital nationalism" to ensure its sovereignty. The Chinese theory of public international law is based on the doctrine of the peaceful existence of nations with different political, economic, social and cultural systems, based on a set of five fundamental principles, which facilitate the achievement of common goals while maintaining a balance of national interests. State sovereignty is the crucial point of this doctrine, since peaceful coexistence of nations is achieved through mutual respect for sovereignty. The concept of a "community of common destiny" defines the goal identified by China implementing the five principles of peaceful coexistence. The Chinese approach to the implementation of cyber sovereignty does not imply the "Balkanization" of global cyberspace, on the contrary, it is supposed to maintain the ground for the development of international legal norms in the field of information security. Therefore, the Chinese concept of cyber sovereignty, which is based on "digital nationalism", embodies the logical and expected reaction of national authorities to internal and external security threats. The Chinese theory of public international law is not a scholastic construct, but an objective reality.
Cross-border spaces in the perception of threats to Russia's National Security
Authors: Evtekhov Roman Arturovich
Published: December 2022

Changes in international relations and perceptions of national security are forcing individual States to expand the contours of their own security borders. It is not uncommon for these contours to go far beyond their own borders. The purpose of the study is to determine the nature of the perception of the transformation of cross-border spaces in the system of threats to Russia's national security. The main materials of the study were socio-political discourse, in particular individual speeches of the President of Russia, the national security strategy and other normative and doctrinal documents in the field of ensuring the security of the Russian Federation. The studied narratives and comparison of statements and reactions to individual regional transformations, compared with doctrinal documents in the field of national security, allowed us to identify trigger points. In particular, in comparison of the political changes in Afghanistan, Finland and Ukraine, it was revealed that it is the value transformation at the current moment in the vision of the Russian elite that is of the greatest concern, both regionally and politically and socially.       The basis of the research methodology is a systematic approach, content analysis, and a comparative approach, which made it possible to identify the dominants in the current political discourse and determine the reason for the perception of the transformation of cross-border spaces by the Russian elite in a certain way. As a result, it is determined that the change of the value paradigm is perceived as something significantly more dangerous than a military threat, as well as the expansion of NATO to the east, which is by no means perceived as an equivalent threat. In addition, the Russian elite perceives the current international system as something unfair, due to the capabilities of Western states to influence areas lying near the borders of Russia. While Russia itself does not have the opportunity to broadcast its ideas and values on territories far from its borders. Changes in the value orientation of cross-border areas lying in the border of Russia are perceived by the elite at the moment as the main national threat to the country's security.
Predictive modeling reveals that higher-order cooperativity drives transcriptional repression in a synthetic developmental enhancer
Authors: Kim Yang Joon , Rhee Kaitlin , Liu Jonathan , Jeammet Selene , Turner Meghan A , Small Stephen J , Garcia Hernan G
Published: December 2022

A challenge in quantitative biology is to predict output patterns of gene expression from knowledge of input transcription factor patterns and from the arrangement of binding sites for these transcription factors on regulatory DNA. We tested whether widespread thermodynamic models could be used to infer parameters describing simple regulatory architectures that inform parameter-free predictions of more complex enhancers in the context of transcriptional repression by Runt in the early fruit fly embryo. By modulating the number and placement of Runt binding sites within an enhancer, and quantifying the resulting transcriptional activity using live imaging, we discovered that thermodynamic models call for higher-order cooperativity between multiple molecular players. This higher-order cooperativity captures the combinatorial complexity underlying eukaryotic transcriptional regulation and cannot be determined from simpler regulatory architectures, highlighting the challenges in reaching a predictive understanding of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes and calling for approaches that quantitatively dissect their molecular nature.
Síndrome de Adams-Oliver y complicaciones asociadas: reporte de una familia en Colombia y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Morales Olga Lucía , Díaz Jerly Maybelline , Montoya Jorge Hernán
Published: December 2022

El síndrome de Adams-Oliver es un trastorno congénito raro, caracterizado por aplasia cutis congénita en el cuero cabelludo, defectos terminales transversales de las extremidades y piel marmorata telangiectásica congénita. Este puede presentarse debido a diferentes patrones de herencia de tipo autosómico dominante o autosómico recesivo, o por mutaciones dominantes de novo.Aunque el síndrome de Adams-Oliver es una enfermedad poco frecuente, es importante conocer sus características clínicas y patrones de herencia, para así establecer un correcto diagnóstico y sus posibles complicaciones durante el seguimiento. En el presente estudio, se describe el caso de una adolescente con síndrome de Adams-Oliver con patrón de herencia autosómica dominante, hipertensión pulmonar y bronquitis plástica. Había varios miembros de su familia con el mismo compromiso.
Anisakidae parasites in frozen fish fillets intended for human consumption
Authors: Betancourth Patricia , Gómez Jairo , Fernández-Silva Jorge A. , González Juliana
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Anisakiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw fish or shellfish containing larvae of the Anisakidae family. It is currently considered an emerging disease of public health interest.Objective: To identify the presence of larvae of the Anisakidae family in samples of frozen raw fish fillets intended for human consumption in markets in Medellín and its metropolitan area in Antioquia, Colombia.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which larvae of the Anisakidae family were detected and identified in frozen raw fish fillets from three representative markets in Medellín and its metropolitan area. A total of 384 ready for consumption fillets were analyzed (197 sawfish, 137 salmon, 37 tuna, and 13 hake), using the pressing and ultraviolet light method. Taxonomic keys were used to identify the collected parasites and to establish its genus. Conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing was performed to determine the species.Results: Four larvae were found in 4 of the 384 (1.04%) fillets (CI95% 1.04 ± 1.01%). The species of fish in which the larvae were found was sawfish (Scomberomorus spp.) and the genus and species of the larvae was established as Anisakis pegreffii.Conclusions: According to the study, the presence of Anisakis parasites in frozen raw fish fillets in the influence area is evident.
Condiciones de salud de los indígenas hitnü potencialmente expuestos a petróleo crudo (Arauca, Colombia)
Authors: Rivero-Rubio Carolina , Navarro-Rodríguez Angélica I. , Castro-Reyes María C. , Araujo-Quintana Oscar , Moreno-Montoya José , Estevez-García Jesús A. , Martínez-Silva Pablo A. , Idrovo Álvaro J. , Amaya-Castellanos Claudia
Published: December 2022

Introducción. El pueblo hitnü vive en condiciones sanitarias precarias, con inseguridad alimentaria y víctima de la violencia sociopolítica en Arauca (Colombia). Además, se sospecha que pueden estar afectados por la exposición a los hidrocarburos del petróleo. Objetivo. Identificar los eventos de salud del perfil de morbilidad y mortalidad de los indígenas hitnü que podrían asociarse con la exposición a petróleo crudo.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal con indígenas hitnü, durante febrero y marzo de 2021, época de sequía. Se aplicó un cuestionario de hogares y uno individual para recolectar datos del ambiente peridomiciliario, ocupaciones y otras actividades, así como datos sociodemográficos, signos, síntomas y hallazgos de un examen médico. La potencial asociación con los hidrocarburos se exploró considerando tres grupos, según su localización: cabecera de Arauca, resguardo Aspejená (no expuestos) y resguardos de San José del Lipa y La Vorágine (expuestos por su cercanía al río Ele y afluentes). Con listados libres, se exploraron las causas de muerte. El estudio incorporó un riguroso manejo intercultural en todos sus componentes.Resultados. Participaron 576 indígenas de 16 asentamientos. El agua consumida pudo servir como medio de exposición a los hidrocarburos. Los problemas de salud fueron muy variados e incluían enfermedades infecciosas y crónicas, malnutrición y trauma. Las masas en el cuello se asociaron con residir en los resguardos ancestrales (RP=3,86; IC95% 1,77-8,39), territorios potencialmente expuestos al petróleo. Las causas de muerte más relevantes fueron el homicidio, los tumores y la tuberculosis.Conclusión: Por su posible asociación con los hidrocarburos, es prioritario el estudio intercultural de linfoadenopatías entre indígenas potencialmente expuestos al petróleo.
Identification of offensive language in Urdu using semantic and embedding models
Authors: Hussain Sajid , Malik Muhammad Shahid Iqbal , Masood Nayyer
Published: December 2022

Automatic identification of offensive/abusive language is very necessary to get rid of unwanted behavior. However, it is more challenging to generalize the solution due to the different grammatical structures and vocabulary of each language. Most of the prior work targeted western languages, however, one study targeted a low-resource language (Urdu). The prior study used basic linguistic features and a small dataset. This study designed a new dataset (collected from popular Pakistani Facebook pages) containing 7,500 posts for offensive language detection in Urdu. The proposed methodology used four types of feature engineering models: three are frequency-based and the fourth one is the embedding model. Frequency-based are either determined by the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) or bag-of-words or word n-gram feature vectors. The fourth is generated by the word2vec model, trained on the Urdu embeddings using a corpus of 196,226 Facebook posts. The experiments demonstrate that the stacking-based ensemble model with word2vec shows the best performance as a standalone model by achieving 88.27% accuracy. In addition, the wrapper-based feature selection method further improves performance. The hybrid combination of TF-IDF, bag-of-words, and word2vec feature models achieved 90% accuracy and 97% AUC. In addition, it outperformed the baseline with an improvement of 3.55% in accuracy, 3.68% in the recall, 3.60% in f1-measure, 3.67% in precision, and 2.71% in AUC. The findings of this research provide practical implications for commercial applications and future research.
Substation equipment temperature prediction based on multivariate information fusion and deep learning network
Authors: Sun Lijie , Liu Chunxue , Wang Ying , Bing Zhaohong
Published: December 2022

Background

Substation equipment temperature is difficult to achieve accurate prediction because of its typical seasonality, periodicity and instability, complex working environment and less available characteristic information.

Methods

To overcome these difficulties, a substation equipment temperature prediction method is proposed based on multivariate information fusion, convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unite (GRU) in this article. Firstly, according to the correlation analysis including linear correlation mapping, autocorrelation function and partial autocorrelation function for substation equipment temperature data, the feature vectors from ambient, time and space are determined, that is the multivariate information fusion feature vector (denoted as MIFFV); secondly, the dimension of MIFFV is reduced by principal component analysis (PCA), extract some of the most important features and form the reduced feature vector (denoted as RFV); then, CNN is used for deep learning to extract the relationship between RFV and the high-dimensional space feature, and construct the high-dimensional feature vector of multivariate time series (denoted as HDFV); finally, the high-dimensional feature vector is used to train GRU deep learning network and predict the equipment temperature.

Results

A substation equipment in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province is conducted by the method proposed in this article. Through the comparative experiment from the two aspects of features and methods, under the two prediction performance evaluation indexes of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RSME), two main conclusions are drawn: (1) MIFFV from three aspects of ambient features, time features and space features have better prediction performance than the single feature vector and the combined feature vector of two aspects; (2) compared with other four related models under the same conditions, RFV is regarded as the input of the models, the proposed model has better prediction performance.
Using solar radiation data in soil moisture diagnostic equation for estimating root-zone soil moisture
Authors: Omotere Olumide , Pan Feifei , Wang Lei
Published: December 2022

The soil moisture daily diagnostic equation (SMDE) evaluates the relationship between the loss function coefficient and the summation of the weighted average of precipitation. The loss function coefficient uses the day of the year (DOY) to approximate the seasonal changes in soil moisture loss for a given location. Solar radiation is the source of the energy that drives the complex and intricates of the earth-atmospheric processes and biogeochemical cycles in the environment. Previous research assumed DOY is the approximation of other environmental factors (e.g., temperature, wind speed, solar radiation). In this article, two solar radiation parameters were introduced,i.e., the actual solar radiation and the clear sky solar radiation and were incorporated into the loss function coefficient to improve its estimation. This was applied to 2 years of continuous rainfall, soil moisture data from USDA soil climate network (SCAN) sites AL2053, GA2027 MS2025, and TN2076. It was observed that the correlation coefficient between the observed soil moisture and B values (which is the cumulated average of rainfall to soil moisture loss) increased on average by 2.3% and the root mean square errors (RMSEs) for estimating volumetric soil moisture at columns 0–5, 0–10, 0–20, 0–50, 0–100 cm reduced on average by 8.6% for all the study sites. The study has confirmed that using actual solar radiation data in the soil moisture daily diagnostic equation can improve its accuracy.
Неизвестное мощное землетрясение. Откровение по армянскому народному эпосу «Давид Сасунский», "Природа"
Authors: Никонов А.А.
Published: December 2022

Журнал «Природа» давно заложил в русской печати освещение нового направления — землетрясения в народном эпосе, что существенно пополняет часть сейсмической истории — макросейсмику. Естественно, речь идет о мощных, разрушительных землетрясениях, поскольку сведения о них в древности сохранялись не только в письменной, но и в устной форме. Из армянского эпоса «Давид Сасунский» мы узнаем, что в течение нескольких суток на обширной площади области Сасун, которая относилась к исторической Великой Армении, очевидно, возникло несколько (не менее трех) мощных (силой VIII–IX баллов) толчков разрушительного характера. Время событий примерно определяется VIII–IX вв. (не позже XIII в.).
РОССИЯ – США: 50 ЛЕТ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА В КОСМОСЕ. Часть 1, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Ведешин Л.А. , Герасютин С.А.
Published: December 2022

Основы совместного научно-технического сотрудничества в исследовании и использовании космического пространства в мирных целях были заложены более 50 лет назад во время первой встречи президента АН СССР академика М.В. Келдыша с исполняющим обязанности директора NASA доктором Дж.М. Лоу.
ДЕГРАДАЦИЯ ЛЕДНИКОВ ТАДЖИКИСТАНА И ЕЁ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА РЕЧНОЙ ВОДНЫЙ СТОК, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Петров Г.Н.
Published: December 2022

Глобальное потепление, одной из причин которого является антропогенная деятельность, является одним из самых серьёзных вызовов современности. В рамках борьбы с ним предусмотрен целый ряд мер, оформленных в виде Киотского протокола (1997 г.) и Парижского соглашения (2015 г.), которые подписаны большинством стран мира. В рамках этой парадигмы страны Центральной Азии, особенно Таджикистан и Киргизстан, рассматривают современную деградацию их ледников как крайне негативное явление как для экологии, так и для хозяйственной деятельности, в первую очередь для таких жизненно важных отраслей, как ирригация и гидроэнергетика. При этом многочисленные эксперты считают, что при сохранении нынешних темпов таяния через полвека на Памире исчезнут все ледники.
МОНИТОРИНГ ЦЕНОПОПУЛЯЦИЙ ORCHIS SIMIA LAM. В ЛЕСНЫХ ФИТОЦЕНОЗАХ ПРИРОДНОГО ПАРКА «МЫС МАРТЬЯН», "Наука юга России"
Authors: Крайнюк Е.С.
Published: December 2022

Представлены результаты многолетнего мониторинга (1986–2021 гг.) редкого вида орхидных Оrchis simia Lam. в природном парке «Мыс Мартьян» на Южном берегу Крыма. В Крыму вид охраняется Красными книгами Российской Федерации, Республики Крым и г. Севастополя. На особо охраняемой природной территории вид произрастает на высотах 100–200 м н.у.м., в реликтовых субсредиземноморских высокоможжевеловых и пушистодубовых лесах, относящихся по эколого-флористической классификации растительности к классу Quercetea pubescentis, порядку Quercetalia pubescentipetraeae, союзам Elytrigio nodosae-Quercion pubescentis и Jasmino-Juniperion excelsae, где находится в своем фитоценотическом оптимуме. Изучено 10 пространственно разобщенных ценопопуляций площадью по 1–5 м, сохраняющих место своей локализации 35 лет. Распределение особей – контагиозное (групповое), определяемое преобладающим вегетативным типом размножения. Общая численность особей в 1986–2005 гг. составляла от 292 до 815 в 27–31 местонахождении, в 2006–2021 гг. – от 30 до 319 особей в 8–26 местонахождениях. Численность особей в ценопопуляциях колебалась в разные годы (минимальная/максимальная): 5/29 (ЦП 1), 6/51 (ЦП 2), 2/36 (ЦП 3), 1/51 (ЦП 4), 1/39 (ЦП 5), 22/78 (ЦП 6), 1/36 (ЦП 7), 5/28 (ЦП 8), 10/45 (ЦП 9), 3/30 (ЦП 10). По классификации А.А. Уранова и О.В. Смирновой ценопопуляции оценены как нормальные, неполночленные, с бимодальными возрастными спектрами, с максимумами на вегетативных и генеративных особях, в большинстве лет наблюдений – молодые, в редкие годы переходящие в средневозрастные. Сенильные ценопопуляции не выявлены. Многолетний тренд динамики ценопопуляций в фитоценозах природного парка «Мыс Мартьян» свидетельствует о достаточных возможностях вида к самоподдержанию и самовозобновлению и его стабильности in situ.
Mixture Model on Development of Bivariate Product Distribution and its Properties
Authors: Echebiri Udochukwu Victor , Nomuoja Akpome Jennifer , Ngene Chimezie Stanley , Guobadia Emwinloghosa Kenneth , Okoh Jophet Ewere
Published: December 2022

In the study, some bivariate distributions were developed from mixture model offspring, using the Independent (Product) distribution approach. These developments are categorized under the IID and IInD: where the Bivariate Exponential distribution, Bivariate Lindley distribution and Bivariate Juchez distribution are constructed as IIDs; and Bivariate Exponential-Lindley distribution, Bivariate Exponential-Juchez distribution and Bivariate Lindley-Juchez distribution as (IInDs). The properties of these distributions which involve: the shape of the bivariate PDFs, moments, moment generating function, mean, covariance and coefficient of correlation, maximum likelihood estimator, reliability analysis, renewal property and probability patterns; are studied across the distributions. Finally, under renewal properties, functions are derived which can model two-dimensional queuing and renewal processes, for events where the arrival and service times are dependent.
Design of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Energy System for Small-Scale Business Outlets (Case Study of Arogbo Community in Ondo State)
Authors: Akinola A. O. , Ephenus M. D. , Eiche J. F. , Akinsade A. , Osasona A. B.
Published: December 2022

This paper designed a stand-alone photovoltaic energy system for small-scale business outlets in rural areas, using Arogbo Community in Ese-Odo Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria as a case study. Structured questionnaires were administered to 150 business outlets for energy audit. Total energy estimate and consumption for 8 hours daily operation were estimated from obtained information. Total energy demand of the outlets based on their appliances used per day with power factor of 0.8 and 15% tolerance for a maximum load of 355.228 kW was 1,894.844 kWh. The specific energy required for a typical outlet (Barbing Salon, Computer Centre and Hairdressing Shop) were (0.938, 9.04 and 10.87) kWh, and their photovoltaic equivalence were estimated as (1.266, 12.211 and 14.67) kWh respectively. The solar components for the outlets were estimated as (0.317, 3.053 and 3.66) kW solar modules on installation areas of (3, 28.4 and 34) m2. Inverter ratings of (0.22, 4 and 6) kVA were selected for the respective outlets.  (1, 4, and 4) numbers of 12 V deep cycle batteries of (100, 150 and 150) AH were selected. Electricity generator capacities selected were (1, 4 and 6) kVA respectively.
The Preliminary Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Borassus flabelifer L. Mesocarp Extract
Authors: Mahayasih Putu Gita Maya Widyaswari , Mahayasa I Nyoman Widiartha
Published: December 2022

Lontar or Borassus flabelifer is a local plant that mostly found in Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. The juice of the ripe mesocarp has been used traditionally for treatment minor oral ulcer. Microorganism is one of the factors that cause the recurrence of oral ulcer. This study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial potency of the B. flabelifer fresh and dried mesocarp extract. The antimicrobial extract was tested in vitro by using the agar well diffusion method against four bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and one fungus, Candida albicans with concentration of the extract were 10 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL. The dried and fresh mesocarp extract was resistant to P. aeruginosa and E. coli, while the dried mesocarp extract showed potential antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus with the diameter zone of inhibition on concentration 10 mg/ml were 12 ± 0.1 mm and 10± 0.1 mm, respectively. Antifungal activity only exhibited by the dried mesocarp extract with diameter zone of inhibition on concentration 100 mg/mL was 9 ± 0.1 mm. The dried mesocarp extract was more potent than fresh mesocarp extract as antimicrobial.
Association Between Genetic Risk, Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Behavior, and Thyroid Cancer Risk
Authors: Feng Xiuming , Wang Fei , Yang Wenjun , Zheng Yuan , Liu Chaoqun , Huang Lulu , Li Longman , Cheng Hong , Cai Haiqing , Li Xiangzhi , Chen Xing , Yang Xiaobo
Published: December 2022

Importance

Genetic and lifestyle factors are related to thyroid cancer (TC). Whether a healthy lifestyle is associated with TC and could attenuate the influence of genetic variants in TC remains equivocal.

Objectives

To examine the associations between genetics and healthy lifestyle with incident TC and whether adherence to a healthy lifestyle modifies the association between genetic variants and TC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A prospective cohort study using UK Biobank data recruited 502 505 participants aged 40 to 69 years between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010. A total of 307 803 participants of European descent were recruited at baseline, and 264 956 participants were available for the present study. Data analysis was conducted from November 1, 2021, to April 22, 2022.

Exposures

Lifestyle behaviors were determined by diet index, physical activity, weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Lifestyle was categorized as unfavorable (scores 0-1), intermediate (score 2), and favorable (scores 3-5). The polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived from a meta–genome-wide association study using 3 cohorts and categorized as low, intermediate, and high.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Thyroid cancer was defined using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (code 193), International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (code C73), and self-report (code 1065).

Results

Of 264 956 participants, 137 665 were women (52%). The median age was 57 (IQR, 49-62) years. During a median follow-up of 11.1 (IQR, 10.33-11.75) years (2 885 046 person-years), 423 incident TCs were ascertained (14.66 per 100 000 person-years). Higher PRSs were associated with TC (hazard ratio [HR], 2.25; 95% CI, 1.91-2.64; P = 8.65 × 10−23). An unfavorable lifestyle was also associated with a higher risk of TC (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.50-2.49; P < .001). When stratified by PRS, unfavorable lifestyle was associated with TC in the higher PRS group (favorable vs unfavorable HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.73; P < .001). Furthermore, participants with both a high PRS and unfavorable lifestyle had the highest risk of TC (HR, 4.89; 95% CI, 3.03-7.91; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prospective cohort study, genetic and lifestyle factors were independently associated with incident TC, which suggests that a healthier lifestyle may attenuate the deleterious influence of genetics on the risk of TC in individuals of European descent.
Association of Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux, Esophageal Dilation, and Progression of Systemic Sclerosis–Related Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Volkmann Elizabeth R. , Tashkin Donald P. , Leng Mei , Kim Grace Hyun J. , Goldin Jonathan , Roth Michael D.
Published: December 2022

Objective

To investigate whether symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease and radiographic measures of esophageal dilation are associated with radiographic progression of systemic sclerosis–related interstitial lung disease (SSc‐ILD).

Methods

Participants of the Scleroderma Lung Study II, which compared mycophenolate versus cyclophosphamide for SSc‐ILD, completed the reflux domain of the University of California Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract 2.0 at baseline. The diameter and area of the esophagus in the region of maximum dilation was measured by quantitative image analysis. Univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were created to evaluate the relationship between these measures of esophageal involvement and progression of SSc‐ILD over 2 years, based on the radiologic quantitative interstitial lung disease (QILD) and quantitative lung fibrosis (QLF) in the lobe of maximum involvement (LM). All multivariable models controlled for the treatment arm, baseline ILD severity, and proton‐pump inhibitor use.

Results

The baseline mean patient‐reported reflux score was 0.57, indicating moderate reflux (n = 141). Baseline mean maximal esophageal diameter and area were 22 mm and 242 mm2, respectively. Baseline reflux scores were significantly associated with the change in QLF‐LM and QILD‐LM in the univariate and multivariable models. Neither radiographic measure of esophageal dilation was associated with the change in radiographic measures of lung involvement.

Conclusion

Severity of reflux symptoms as measured by an SSc‐specific questionnaire was independently associated with the change in the radiographic extent of ILD and fibrosis over 2 years in patients with SSc‐ILD. Two objective measures of esophageal dilation were not associated with radiographic progression of ILD, highlighting the need for improved objective measures of esophageal dysfunction in SSc.
Interface Defects Tuning in Polymer‐Perovskite Phototransistors for Visual Synapse and Adaptation Functions
Authors: Kuang Junhua , Liu Kai , Liu Minghui , Shao Mingchao , Zhu Mingliang , Liu Guocai , Wen Wei , Chen Jinyang , Qin Mingcong , Pan Zhichao , Zhao Zhiyuan , Liu Yunqi , Guo Yunlong
Published: December 2022

Artificial sensory nerves can simulate the functions of visual perception and information processing of the human brain, which is indispensable for the immediate visualization of the environment and awareness requisite to avoid the potential harm. However, it still remains a long‐standing challenge to integrate recognition learning with real‐time processing function in a single device. Herein, an interface defects‐tuning strategy is proposed for developing a novel bi‐functional phototransistor. Benefiting from the tuned polymer‐perovskite layer‐heterointerface defects, the photogenerated charge trapping and de‐trapping capacities are significantly improved, thereby facilitating the photogenerated carrier separation and injection. The prepared organic‐inorganic hybrid phototransistors can perfectly mimic the human visual synaptic behaviors with a quick response speed (<35 ms, far below that of human eyes to incident light (225 ms)). More importantly, the phototransistor exhibited obvious visual adaptation toward wide‐ranging light stimuli, and realized unique desensitization to simulate the self‐protection behavior of the human visual systems. Specifically, the adaptation timescales of the device under dim and high light conditions are superior to bio‐systems (<2 min). Consequently, the reported strategy for the preparation of bi‐functional phototransistors provides a brand‐new perspective for next‐generation artificial nervous systems.
Over 24% Efficient Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐Coordinated Perovskite Solar Cells with a Photovoltage up to 1.22 V
Authors: Sun Riming , Tian Qiushuang , Li Mubai , Wang Hongze , Chang Jingxi , Xu Wenxin , Li Zihao , Pan Yuyu , Wang Fangfang , Qin Tianshi
Published: December 2022

Recently, organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved rapid improvement, however, the efficiencies are still behind the Shockley–Queisser theory mainly due to their high energy loss (ELOSS) in open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Due to the polycrystalline nature of the solution‐prepared perovskite films, defects at the grain boundaries as the non‐radiative recombination centers greatly affect the VOC and limit the device efficiency. Herein, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is introduced as polymer‐templates in the perovskite film, where the fluorine atoms in the PVDF network can form strong hydrogen‐bonds with organic cations and coordinate bonds with Pb2+. The strong interaction between PVDF and perovksite enables slow crystal growth and efficient defect passivation, which effectively reduce non‐radiation recombination and minimize ELOSS of VOC. PVDF‐based PSCs achieve a champion efficiency of 24.21% with a excellent voltage of 1.22 V, which is one of the highest VOC values reported for FAMAPb(I/Br)3‐based PSCs. Furthermore, the strong hydrophobic fluorine atoms in PVDF endow the device with excellent humidity stability, the unencapsulated solar cell maintain the initial efficiency of >90% for 2500 h under air ambient of ≈50% humid and a consistently high VOC of 1.20 V.
Lattice and Surface Engineering of Ruthenium Nanostructures for Enhanced Hydrogen Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Dong Yuanting , Sun Qintao , Zhan Changhong , Zhang Juntao , Yang Hao , Cheng Tao , Xu Yong , Hu Zhiwei , Pao Chih‐Wen , Geng Hongbo , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: December 2022

Ru has recently been considered as a promising alternative of Pt toward hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) due to its lower price and similar hydrogen binding energy (HBE) in comparison to Pt. Nevertheless, the catalytic performance of Ru toward HOR is far from the satisfaction of practical application. Herein, it is demonstrated that the modification of Ru multi‐layered nanosheet (MLNS) with Ni can significantly promote the HOR performance. In particular, the HOR performance is strongly related to the Ni location on the surface or in the lattice of Ru MLNS. Experimental and theoretical investigations suggest that Ni in the lattice of Ru MLNS (lattice engineering) optimizes the HBE, while Ni species on the surface (surface engineering) decrease the free energy of water formation, as a result of the significantly enhanced HOR performance. The optimal catalyst, where Ni is located both on the surface and in the lattice, displays superior alkaline HOR performance to commercial Pt/C and Ru/C. The present study not only systematically reveals the significance of Ni modification on Ru toward HOR, but also promotes the fundamental researches on catalyst design for fuel cell reactions and beyond.
CsPbBr3:Na with an Adjustable Bandgap, Improved Luminescence Stability, and its Application in WLEDs with Excellent Color Quality and Vision Performance
Authors: Lu Honglai , Sun Yao , Li Minze , Wang Qiuye , Wang Ruihong , Zhu Peifen , Wang Guofeng
Published: December 2022

It is still a great challenge to obtain multicolor tunable luminescence and improve the stability of luminescence through reasonable design of materials in the field of white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). In particular, it is more important to improve the luminescence intensity and stability of blue‐emitting materials. Here, the properties of CsPbBr3, CsPbBr3:Na, and NaPbBr3 are investigated theoretically by using density functional theory (DFT). Based on the DFT theoretical calculation results, it is assumed that unexpected performance may be achieved by replacing Cs in CsPbBr3 with Na or passivating the surface of CsPbBr3 with Na. As expected, the tunable luminescence from blue to green is successfully achieved from CsPbBr3:Na, and the stability is improved. After experimental optimization, the obtained CsPbBr3:Na (CPBN‐4) with high luminescence stability is used as blue‐emitting materials to construct the WLED devices with excellent color quality (CRI 92) and correlated color temperature of 9582 K.
Lanthanide Contraction Builds Better High‐Voltage LiCoO2 Batteries
Authors: Xia Jing , Zhang Na , Yang Yijun , Chen Xing , Wang Xi , Pan Feng , Yao Jiannian
Published: December 2022

Cycling lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) to a potential higher than 4.35 V (vs Li+/Li) can obtain an enticing capacity, but suffers from inferior structural stability. Herein, an ingenious Li‐deintercalation/doping strategy is developed to synthesize the lanthanide‐doped LiCoO2 (lanthanide (Ln) = praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, erbium, or lutetium) with Ln occupying Li‐sites. Electrochemical measurements show that the cycling stability of Ln‐doped LiCoO2 increases as the lanthanide contracts. By rule, lutetium‐doped LiCoO2 exhibits the best cycling stability, confirmed in both lithium half‐cell and pouch full‐cell. Comprehensive experimental characterizations combining with theoretical calculations reveal that the lattice strain tuned by the lanthanide contraction plays a critical role in the structure stability of LiCoO2. This finding is an important step for building better high‐voltage LiCoO2 batteries, as it is possible to achieve better high‐voltage performance by combining the doping technology and performance improvement rule disclosed in this study.
HACS: Helical Auxetic Yarn Capacitive Strain Sensors with Sensitivity Beyond the Theoretical Limit
Authors: Cuthbert Tyler J. , Hannigan Brett C. , Roberjot Pierre , Shokurov Alexander V. , Menon Carlo
Published: December 2022

The development of flexible strain sensors over the past decade has focused on accessing high strain percentages and high sensitivity (i.e., gauge factors). Strain sensors that employ capacitance as the electrical signal to correlate to strain are typically restricted in sensitivity because of the Poisson effect. By employing auxetic structures, the limits of sensitivity for capacitive sensors have been exceeded, which has improved the competitiveness of this modality of sensing. In this work, the first employment of helical auxetic yarns as capacitive sensors is presented. It is found that the response of the helical auxetic yarn capacitive sensors (termed as HACS) is dependent on the two main fabrication variables—the ratio of diameters and the helical wrapping length. Depending on these variables, sensors that respond to strain with increasing or decreasing capacitance values can be obtained. A greater auxetic character results in larger sensitivities accessible at smaller strains—a characteristic that is not commonly found when accessing high gauge factors. In addition, the highest sensitivity for auxetic capacitive sensors reported thus far is obtained. A mechanism of sensor response that explains both the variable capacitance response and the high gauge factors obtained experimentally is proposed.
Attenuating Metabolic Competition of Tumor Cells for Favoring the Nutritional Demand of Immune Cells by a Branched Polymeric Drug Delivery System
Authors: Li Yinggang , Duan Zhenyu , Pan Dayi , Ren Long , Gu Lei , Li Xiaoling , Xu Gang , Zhu Hongyan , Zhang Hu , Gu Zhongwei , Chen Rongjun , Gong Qiyong , Wu Yao , Luo Kui
Published: December 2022

Tumor cells are dominant in the nutritional competition in the tumor microenvironment, and their metabolic abnormalities often lead to microenvironmental acidosis and nutrient deprivation, thereby impairing the function of immune cells and diminishing the antitumor therapeutic effect. Herein, a branched polymeric conjugate and its efficacy in attenuating the metabolic competition of tumor cells are reported. Compared with the control nanoparticles prepared from its linear counterpart, the branched‐conjugate‐based nanoparticles can more efficiently accumulate in the tumor tissue and interfere with the metabolic processes of tumor cells to increase the concentration of essential nutrients and reduce the level of immunosuppressive metabolites in the TME, thus creating a favorable environment for infiltrated immune cells. Its combined treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) achieves an enhanced antitumor effect. The work presents a promising approach for targeting metabolic competition in the TME to enhance the chemo‐immunotherapeutic effect against cancers.
Pyrene‐Based Emitters with Ultrafast Upper‐Level Triplet–Singlet Intersystem Crossing for High‐Efficiency, Low Roll‐Off Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Yu Yue , Xu Pei , Pan Yuyu , Qiao Xianfeng , Ying Lei , Hu Dehua , Ma Dongge , Ma Yuguang
Published: December 2022

The reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process from triplet to singlet manifold can efficiently improve the efficiencies of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The relevant RISC rate (kRISC) is one of the key factors that affect the efficiency roll‐off and stability of devices. Here, a new blue “hot exciton” material, CPPCN, with pyrene as the core, is designed and synthesized. Photophysical studies indicate there are multiple high‐lying triplet states near the lowest singlet excited state (S1) of CPPCN, which facilitate the RISC from the high‐lying triplet state (hRISC) to the S1 state. The corresponding hRISC rate constant is determined to be as high as 2.86 × 108 s−1, a value some two to three orders of magnitude higher than typical thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials emitters. Benefiting from this ultrafast hRISC process, non‐doped blue OLED based on CPPCN reaches a high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.64% with suppressed efficiency roll‐off (begin roll‐off at a high brightness of 3732 cd m−2 and retains EQE >8.5% at 10 000 cd m−2). The T95 lifetime of the CPPCN‐based device with a structure of commercial applications is evaluated to be ≈368 h at 1000 cd m−2.