bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Fault Diagnosis Method for Motor Bearing Based on DTCWT and AFSO‐KELM
Authors: Lu Yan , Li Peijiang
Published: June 2021

Aiming at the defects of wavelet transform‐based feature extraction and extreme learning machine‐based classification, a novel fault diagnosis method for motor bearing, based on dual tree complex wavelet transform and artificial fish swarm optimization‐kernel extreme learning machine (DTCWT‐AFSO‐KELM), is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the dual tree complex wavelet transform instead of the discrete wavelet transform is used to decompose the motor bearing signal; then, the features with large differentiation of motor‐bearing fault are extracted; finally, the states of motor bearing are classified by using artificial fish swarm optimization‐kernel extreme learning machine. In order to better prove the superiority of this method, four kinds of state data of motor bearing under the conditions of 0 HP (horsepower) load, 1 HP load, 2 HP load, and 3 HP load are used to test. The experimental results indicate that the diagnosis accuracies of DTCWT‐AFSO‐KELM are obviously better than those of discrete wavelet transform and artificial fish swarm optimization‐kernel extreme learning machine (DWT‐AFSO‐KELM) or discrete wavelet transform and extreme learning machine (DWT‐ELM) under different loads.
Analysis of the Shear Capacity of Ultrahigh Performance Concrete Beams Based on the Modified Compression Field Theory
Authors: Feng Wei , Feng Hongming , Zhou Zhijun , Shi Xiongwei
Published: June 2021

An analysis model of the shear capacity of prestressed ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) beams under the combined action of bending and shearing was established in this paper based on the modified compression field theory and by considering the unique material constitutive relation of UHPC. Shear tests were performed using three prestressed UHPC‐T beams with different shear‐span ratios to verify the correctness of the model. The results showed that the shear‐span ratio greatly influenced the shear capacity and failure modes of UHPC‐T beams. Upon increasing the shear‐span ratio, the failure modes of the three beams were inclined compression failure, shear compression failure, and diagonal tension failure, successively. When the shear‐span ratio changed from 1.04 to 2.12, the shear bearing capacity decreased greatly; however, when the shear‐span ratio changed from 2.12 to 3.19, the decrease of the shear bearing capacity was very small. In addition, the MCFT analysis model was used to analyze the experimental data, and the predicted results were in good agreement, which proved the applicability of the model. Finally, according to the existing shear test results of UHPC beams and based on the main influencing factors, a simplified formula for predicting the shear capacity of UHPC beams was obtained by fitting. Comparing the MCFT model with the results of other pieces of literature, this formula accurately predicted the shear capacity of UHPC beams. The MCFT model and the simplified formula presented in this paper provide a powerful tool for predicting the shear performance of UHPC‐T beams, which will contribute to the design and analysis of UHPC‐T beams.
Development and Validation of Ecofriendly HPLC-MS Method for Quantitative Assay of Amoxicillin, Dicloxacillin, and Their Official Impurity in Pure and Dosage Forms
Authors: Almalki Atiah H. , Hussein Essraa A. , Naguib Ibrahim A. , Abdelaleem Eglal A. , Zaazaa Hala E. , Abdallah Fatma F.
Published: June 2021

Novel, accurate, selective, and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous analysis of amoxicillin trihydrate, dicloxacillin sodium, and their official impurity 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The chromatographic separation was carried out by applying the mixture on a C18 column (3.5 µm ps, 100 mm × 4.6 mm id) using acetonitrile:water (65 : 35 by volume) as a mobile phase within only 4 min. The quantitative analysis was executed using single quadrupole mass spectrometer in which electrospray ionization, selected ion monitoring, and negative mode were operated. The retention times were 1.61, 2.54, and 3.50 mins for amoxicillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and dicloxacillin, respectively. The method was validated in linear ranges of 2–28 µg mL−1, 2–35 µg mL−1, and 1–10 µg mL−1 for amoxicillin, dicloxacillin, and 6-aminopenicillanic acid, respectively. The results obtained from the suggested HPLC/MS were statistically compared with those obtained from the reported HPLC method, where no significant difference appeared respecting accuracy and precision. According to the analytical eco-scale assessment method, the proposed method was proved to be greener than the reported one, where the analysis time and the amount of the wasted effluent decreased.
Three-Party Stochastic Evolutionary Game Analysis of Reward and Punishment Mechanism for Green Credit
Authors: Zhu Qingfeng , Zheng Kaimin , Wei Yilin
Published: June 2021

To get rid of the development dilemma of green credit, we constructed a stochastic evolutionary game model of local government, commercial banks, and loan enterprises. We gave sufficient conditions for the stability of strategy based on the stability discriminant theorem of

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s

stochastic differential equation (SDE). Then, we discussed the impacts of incentive and penalty parameters on green credit. Through the above analysis, we got the following conclusions: (1) rewards and punishments always benefit green production and green credit, but increasing incentives is not conducive to the governments’ performance of regulatory duties; (2) punishments can better improve the convergence rate of players’ strategy than rewards; and (3) both rewards and punishments can exert an obvious effect in improving the changing degree of players’ strategy. Finally, we put forward some suggestions to optimize the green credit mechanism.
Assessing the Potential of Biochar for Improving Soil Physical Properties and Tree Growth
Authors: Mwadalu Riziki , Mochoge Benson , Danga Benjamin
Published: June 2021

The effect of biochar on tree growth and soil physical properties as indicated in literature is still outstanding. Information on the effect of biochar on tree growth is limited, and the available literature has recorded conflicting results. Therefore, a field experiment using Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarina) as the test crop under different biochar rates was conducted. Four biochar rates (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 t ha−1) were used as treatments, each replicated three times. Generally, biochar-amended plots recorded higher Casuarina height, collar diameter, and diameter at breast height (DBH). The application of biochar at 7.5 t ha−1 resulted in higher Casuarina height of up to 20.2% compared to the control. On the contrary, application of biochar at 2.5 t ha−1 recorded higher collar diameter of up to 30.2% compared to the control. Generally, there was a decrease in soil bulk density with biochar application. Bulk density decreased linearly with increasing biochar application rates with biochar application rate of 7.5 t ha−1 recording the lowest bulk density (0.99 g cm−3). There was a decrease in bulk density of up to 25% compared to the control with the biochar application rate of 7.5 t ha−1. Biochar application rate of 7.5 t ha−1 also recorded the highest soil moisture content across the assessment periods. Biochar-amended plots recorded higher soil moisture content than the untreated control. There was increase in soil moisture content following biochar application of up to 108% with the application of biochar at 7.5 t ha−1 compared to the untreated control. The increase in soil moisture content with biochar application can be attributed to biochar’s porous nature and large surface area. These results suggest that the use of biochar has the potential of enhancing Casuarina growth while enhancing soil physical properties by decreasing bulk density and enhancing soil moisture storage.
Anticancer, Free Radicals, and Digestive Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Rubus sanctus Schreb Root Four Solvent Fractions
Authors: Jaradat Nidal , Dwikat Majdi , Amer Johnny , Hawash Mohammed , Hussein Fatima , Qneibi Mohammad , Issa Linda , Asab Jalal Abu , Hallak Haya , Arar Diana Nael , Masri Hala Zidan , Obeid Khalil , Sharabati Mohammad , Kittaneh Rawan
Published: June 2021

Background. Humankind used herbal products as a source of medicines since they understood their therapeutic benefits from ancient times. Therefore, the current research aimed to determine the anticancer, antioxidant, and metabolic enzyme inhibitory activities of Rubus sanctus (RS) root four solvent fractions for the first time. Methods. The antioxidant, antilipase, and anti-α-amylase potentials of (RS) four solvent fractions were evaluated using standard biomedical assays. Moreover, the DNA cell cycle of liver cancer was assessed using a propidium iodide (PI) assay. At the same time, the apoptosis activity was estimated utilizing flow the cytometry method. Results. The methanol and acetone (RS) fractions showed the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 0.078 ± 0.22 and 0.67 ± 0.25 μg/ml, respectively, compared with Trolox, which has an antioxidant IC50 value of 2.039 ± 0.52 μg/ml. Moreover, the methanol (RS) fraction has the highest anti-α-amylase activity with an IC50 value of 20.12 ± 0.34 μg/ml compared with acarbose, which has an IC50 value of 6.565 ± 0.3 μg/ml. Also, the acetone (RS) fraction revealed the highest antilipase activity with an IC50 value of 6.03 ± 1.23 μg/ml compared with the positive control orlistat which has an IC50 value of 0.39 ± 0.45 μg/ml. The aqueous, methanol, acetone, and hexane fractions of the (RS) roots decreased the secretion of the α-fetoprotein in the liver cancer cells. The acetone fraction was the most potent α-fetoprotein inhibitor with an average of 237 ± 12.5% compared with the average of the untreated cells, which was 4066.6 ± 202%. The hexane fraction was the most effective in diminishing apoptosis with an average of 14.5 ± 1.6%, compared with 49% ± 2 untreated cells’ average. In inhibiting cell cycle progression, it was recognized that methanol fraction seems to be the most powerful amplifier of the (RS) effect, as it increased the proportion of the cells with an average of 24.5 ± 2.2%, compared with 7.4 ± 1.8% in the doxorubicin (DOX). Data indicated a decrease in cell proliferation rate by prolonging the G2-M phase and thus slowing cancer progression. Our results suggest that (RS) roots four solvent fractions have potential anticancer activity. Conclusion. The (RS) roots four solvent fractions have potential anticancer, antioxidant, antilipase, and α-amylase inhibitory activities. It could be a promising source for applications in the functional food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries.
Prognostic Factors for Low Visual Acuity after Cataract Surgery with Vitreous Loss
Authors: Mimouni Michael , Schaap-Fogler Michal , Polkinghorne Philip , Rabina Gilad , Ehrlich Rita
Published: June 2021

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to find prognostic factors associated with low visual acuity in patients experiencing vitreous loss during cataract surgery. Methods. A retrospective, noncomparative, interventional, case study of patients experiencing vitreous loss during cataract surgery. Data collected included demographics, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), axial length (AL), presence of ocular comorbidity affecting central vision, timing of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, position of the implanted lens, and the presence of corneal sutures. Low visual outcome was defined as BCVA < 20/40. Results. Overall, 179 patients (60.3% males) with a mean age of 73 ± 12 years and axial length of 23.5 ± 1.3 mm with a mean follow-up of 12 ± 13 months were included. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, low visual outcome was independently associated with persisting postoperative complications (OR 6.25, 95% CI 1.378–30.9), preexisting ocular comorbidities (OR 4.45, 95% CI 1.1–18.00), and secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implant (OR 10.36, 95% CI 1.8–60.00). Conversely, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for dislocated fragments of lens material, age > 70 years, gender, axial length, degree of surgeon, corneal suturing, and anterior chamber lens implantation were not found to have significant associations with low visual outcomes (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusions. Low visual outcome after vitreous loss during cataract surgery was associated with ocular comorbidities, secondary IOL implantation, development of cystoid macular edema, and additional surgical complications.
On the Upper Bounds of Fractional Metric Dimension of Symmetric Networks
Authors: Javaid Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad Kamran , Liu Jia-Bao
Published: June 2021

Distance-based numeric parameters play a pivotal role in studying the structural aspects of networks which include connectivity, accessibility, centrality, clustering modularity, complexity, vulnerability, and robustness. Several tools like these also help to resolve the issues faced by the different branches of computer science and chemistry, namely, navigation, image processing, biometry, drug discovery, and similarities in chemical compounds. For this purpose, in this article, we are considering a family of networks that exhibits rotationally symmetric behaviour known as circular ladders consisting of triangular, quadrangular, and pentagonal faced ladders. We evaluate their upper bounds of fractional metric dimensions of the aforementioned networks.
Effect of Heat and Mass Transfer and Magnetic Field on Peristaltic Flow of a Fractional Maxwell Fluid in a Tube
Authors: Bayones F. S. , Abd-Alla A. M. , Thabet Esraa N.
Published: June 2021

Magnetic field and the fractional Maxwell fluids’ impacts on peristaltic flows within a circular cylinder tube with heat and mass transfer were evaluated while assuming that they are preset with a low Reynolds number and a long wavelength. The analytical solution was deduced for temperature, concentration, axial velocity, tangential stress, and coefficient of heat transfer. Many emerging parameters and their effects on the aspects of the flow were illustrated, and the outcomes were expressed via graphs. Finally, some graphical presentations were made to assess the impacts of various parameters in a peristaltic motion of the fractional fluid in a tube of different nature. The present investigation is essential in many medical applications, such as the description of the gastric juice movement of the small intestine in inserting an endoscope.
A Novel Multiband Fractal Antenna for Wireless Application
Authors: Wang Lan , Yu Jianguo , Xie Tangyao , Bi Kun
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes a novel multiband antenna using circle and triangle fractals for wireless application. By cutting a triangle slot in the circular monopole, a novel fractal method of the circular nested triangle structure is presented. The above structure is iterated four times, which forms the proposed fractal antenna. The antenna adopts the microstrip feeding method. In order to improve out band rejection and expand bandwidth, a ring resonator is designed on the back of the dielectric plate. The designed antenna covers 1.8 GHz–2.9 GHz applied to Bluetooth, TD-SCDMA, WCDMA, CDMA2000, and LTE33-41, 3.4 GHz–4.6 GHz applied to LTE 42/43 and WiMAX, and 5 GHz–5.6 GHz applied to WLAN. The substrate is FR4 with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02. The size of the fabricated antenna is 87.5 × 61 × 1.6 mm. The measured pick gain achieves 2.98 dBi, 2.58 dBi, and 3.34 dBi at 2.6 GHz, 3.8 GHz, and 5.3 GHz, respectively. The measurement and simulation results are in good agreement, which verifies the rationality of the design.
Robotic Applications in Orthodontics: Changing the Face of Contemporary Clinical Care
Authors: Adel Samar , Zaher Abbas , El Harouni Nadia , Venugopal Adith , Premjani Pratik , Vaid Nikhilesh
Published: June 2021

The last decade (2010‐2021) has witnessed the evolution of robotic applications in orthodontics. This review scopes and analyzes published orthodontic literature in eight different domains: (1) robotic dental assistants; (2) robotics in diagnosis and simulation of orthodontic problems; (3) robotics in orthodontic patient education, teaching, and training; (4) wire bending and customized appliance robotics; (5) nanorobots/microrobots for acceleration of tooth movement and for remote monitoring; (6) robotics in maxillofacial surgeries and implant placement; (7) automated aligner production robotics; and (8) TMD rehabilitative robotics. A total of 1,150 records were searched, of which 124 potentially relevant articles were retrieved in full. 87 studies met the selection criteria following screening and were included in the scoping review. The review found that studies pertaining to arch wire bending and customized appliance robots, simulative robots for diagnosis, and surgical robots have been important areas of research in the last decade (32%, 22%, and 16%). Rehabilitative robots and nanorobots are quite promising and have been considerably reported in the orthodontic literature (13%, 9%). On the other hand, assistive robots, automated aligner production robots, and patient robots need more scientific data to be gathered in the future (1%, 1%, and 6%). Technological readiness of different robotic applications in orthodontics was further assessed. The presented eight domains of robotic technologies were assigned to an estimated technological readiness level according to the information given in the publications. Wire bending robots, TMD robots, nanorobots, and aligner production robots have reached the highest levels of technological readiness: 9; diagnostic robots and patient robots reached level 7, whereas surgical robots and assistive robots reached lower levels of readiness: 4 and 3, respectively.
Effects of the Solder Phase Transformation on the Optimization of Reflow Soldering Parameters and Temperature Profiles
Authors: Xu Yongze , Liu Yu , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2021

In this study, a heat convection model of the reflow oven and a heat conduction model of the soldering area are proposed based on heat transfer theory, and a dynamic Thomas algorithm is developed for solving linear equations with coefficient matrix evolving over time in the tridiagonal system, which is derived from a heat transfer problem with moving boundaries in the solder phase transition process. We have also carried out numerical simulations for investigating the accuracy of the mathematical model, in which the temperature profiles are calculated and compared for different cases with considering or ignoring phase transformations, respectively. Parameters of reflow soldering, such as the conveyor speed, the set temperature in each zone, and a part of the heating factor, are optimized by the use of the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II. By comparing the temperature profile and optimal solutions in the two cases, numerical results show that phase transitions of the solder have great impacts on optimal parameters and the slope of temperature profiles. Moreover, the phenomenon that the heating factor varies with the maximum set temperature in a banded distribution is investigated and analyzed, which is an important part of this work.
Phase 0 Clinical Trial of Everolimus in Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma or Meningioma
Authors: Karajannis Matthias A. , Mauguen Audrey , Maloku Ekrem , Xu Qingwen , Dunbar Erin M. , Plotkin Scott R. , Yaffee Anna , Wang Shiyang , Roland J. Thomas , Sen Chandranath , Placantonakis Dimitris G. , Golfinos John G. , Allen Jeffrey C. , Vitanza Nicholas A. , Chiriboga Luis A. , Schneider Robert J. , Deng Jingjing , Neubert Thomas A. , Goldberg Judith D. , Zagzag David , Giancotti Filippo G. , Blakeley Jaishri O.
Published: June 2021

Inhibition of mTORC1 signaling has been shown to diminish growth of meningiomas and schwannomas in preclinical studies, and clinical data suggest that everolimus, an orally administered mTORC1 inhibitor, may slow tumor progression in a subset of patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) with vestibular schwannoma. To assess the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and potential mechanisms of treatment resistance, we performed a presurgical (phase 0) clinical trial of everolimus in patients undergoing elective surgery for vestibular schwannoma or meningiomas. Eligible patients with meningioma or vestibular schwannoma requiring tumor resection enrolled on study received everolimus 10 mg daily for 10 days immediately prior to surgery. Everolimus blood levels were determined immediately before and after surgery. Tumor samples were collected intraoperatively. Ten patients completed protocol therapy. Median pre- and postoperative blood levels of everolimus were found to be in a high therapeutic range (17.4 ng/mL and 9.4 ng/mL, respectively). Median tumor tissue drug concentration determined by mass spectrometry was 24.3 pg/mg (range, 9.2–169.2). We observed only partial inhibition of phospho-S6 in the treated tumors, indicating incomplete target inhibition compared with control tissues from untreated patients (P = 0.025). Everolimus led to incomplete inhibition of mTORC1 and downstream signaling. These data may explain the limited antitumor effect of everolimus observed in clinical studies for patients with NF2 and will inform the design of future preclinical and clinical studies targeting mTORC1 in meningiomas and schwannomas.
Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy with Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection: A Novel Association
Authors: Shimizu Yoshio , Wakabayashi Keiichi , Iwasaki Hiroyuki , Kishida Chiaki , Seki Sayaka , Okuma Teruyuki , Iwakami Naoko , Iwasawa Takumi , Maekawa Hiroshi , Tomino Yasuhiko , Wada Ryo , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: June 2021

A 70-year-old woman underwent a renal biopsy due to nephrotic syndrome. She had suffered from nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (NTM) for 14 years. The patient was diagnosed as having membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type 3 and immunoglobulin (Ig)-associated MPGN based upon LM/erythromycin and IF findings, respectively. In high-magnification imaging, electron-dense deposits showed immunotactoid glomerulopathy (ITG). There was no evidence of hematological cancer, and the patient improved after receiving treatments for NTM. To the best of our knowledge, this patient is the first to show an association between ITG and NTM. Although ITG is generally considered as related to lymphoproliferative disease, it is suggested that ITG is driven by bacterial infection and is a potential outcome of Ig-associated MPGN.
Statin-Associated Necrotizing Myopathy Leading to Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Petreski Tadej , Piko Nejc , Petrijan Timotej , Dvoršak Benjamin , Hojs Radovan , Bevc Sebastjan
Published: June 2021

Statins or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors are a mainstay of cardiovascular disease therapy. In addition to their lipid-lowering capabilities, they exhibit several pleiotropic effects. Their adverse reactions such as myalgias are not uncommon, but in rare cases, the resulting rhabdomyolysis can be fatal. Recently, more insight has been brought into the pathogenesis of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis, and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies are diagnosed more frequently. We present a case of a female patient who was on chronic rosuvastatin therapy and developed necrotizing myopathy. The disease progressed to acute kidney and liver injury. We discontinued the drug, started supportive measures, and initiated renal replacement therapy with a high cutoff dialysis membrane once. Her recovery was prompt, with a normal control electromyography 2 weeks after discharge.
Onychomatricoma with Onychomycosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Jaeger Thomas Novoa Gomes , Canella Clarissa , Leverone Andreia Pizarro , Nakamura Robertha Carvalho
Published: June 2021

Onychomatricoma is a primary benign neoplasm of the nail matrix. Currently, a limited number of cases have been reported, so it is still considered a rare neoplasia. However, it is debatable if this condition is underdiagnosed and underreported. Onychomycosis is an important differential diagnosis of onychomatricoma, and sometimes, both these conditions may even coexist in the same nail. As the tumor grows, tissue microenvironment is more vulnerable to dermatophytes. Probably, the altered keratin appears to be susceptible to fungal invasion. Careful clinical assessment and dermoscopic evaluation help nailing the diagnosis. Usually, total nail avulsion is the preferred therapeutic approach when they coexist. Herein, we present a case of a middle-aged woman with onychomycosis and onychomatricoma affecting a single fingernail. The proposed therapy was oral terbinafine for 6 months followed by a conservative surgery. There were dramatic changes in dermoscopic features after fungal treatment, which, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported.
A educação de jovens e adultos na indústria: formando a mão-de-obra brasileira para o século XXI
Authors: Campos Leonardo Spicacci , Rodrigues Marta Maria Assumpção
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo procura caracterizar a educação de jovens e adultos (EJA) oferecida pelo Serviço Social da Indústria (SESI), analisando-a enquanto parte de uma estratégia da classe industrial brasileira para o país no âmbito do Programa Educação para a Nova Indústria, lançado em 2007. Objetiva-se compreender de que formas a Indústria pretende alcançar o duplo objetivo de suprir as deficiências educacionais da mão-de-obra brasileira e formar o trabalhador para lidar com as demandas do modelo de produção flexível. Conclui-se que a educação de jovens e adultos, modalidade educacional historicamente negligenciada pelo Estado, possui um papel central na estratégia de desenvolvimento da Indústria para o país, não apenas como meio de elevação da escolaridade da mão-de-obra nacional, como também por representar um meio de difusão de uma visão de mundo e do trabalho associada aos valores de um novo modelo produtivo.
Pubertal Body Mass Index Change Is Associated With Adult Coronary Atherosclerosis and Acute Coronary Events in Men
Authors: Kindblom Jenny M. , Bygdell Maria , Hjelmgren Ola , Martikainen Jari , Rosengren Annika , Bergström Göran , Ohlsson Claes
Published: June 2021

Objective:

The aim with the present study was to evaluate the association between pubertal body mass index (BMI) change and adult coronary artery calcification (CAC) score and risk of acute coronary events.

Approach and Results:

We included 37 672 men from the BMI Epidemiology Study and calculated their pubertal BMI change (BMI at 20 years−BMI at 8 years). Coronary artery computed tomography analysis of CAC score, midlife BMI, and major risk factors for coronary heart disease were available for a sub-cohort through linkage with the SCAPIS (Swedish Cardio Pulmonary Bioimage Study) cohort (n=922). Information on first acute coronary events was retrieved from Swedish national registers (n=37 672, events n=1873). Pubertal BMI change (odds ratio per SD increase, 1.32 [1.14–1.52]), but not childhood BMI, was associated with middle age CAC score ≥1. This association for pubertal BMI change was maintained after adjustment for midlife BMI at CAC analysis and in a model including major cardiovascular risk factors. Individuals who became overweight during puberty (hazard ratio, 2.11 [1.79–2.49]), but not those overweight at 8 years who normalized their weight during puberty, had substantially increased risk of acute coronary events compared with men who were never overweight. Among subjects with an acute coronary event, individuals with pubertal onset overweight were at increased risk of death due to the event.

Conclusions:

Pubertal BMI change is an independent predictor of CAC score and risk of acute coronary events in adult men. Excessive BMI increase during puberty may initiate the coronary atherosclerotic process, thereby increasing the risk and severity of adult acute coronary events.
Assessing the Relationship of Applied Force and Ablation Duration on Lesion Size Using a Diamond Tip Catheter Ablation System
Authors: Verma Atul , Schmidt Megan M. , Lalonde Jean-Pierre , Ramirez David A. , Getman Michael K.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Contact force has proven to be influential for lesion formation in power-controlled radiofrequency ablation. Lesion formation and morphology from a temperature-controlled diamond tip radiofrequency ablation catheter is not well described. We hypothesize that lesion formation from a temperature-controlled radiofrequency system is independent of applied force over short application durations.

Methods:

This study examined lesion depth, surface width, temperature, and ablation parameters of the DiamondTemp Ablation (Medtronic, Inc) system for ablation applications delivered with varying application duration (5, 10, and 15 s) and applied force (5, 10, and 30 g). Lesions from perpendicular radiofrequency applications were analyzed in a stepwise fashion from a computational model, thermochromic gel data (n=36), and porcine thigh preparation (n=231) experiments.

Results:

Varying applied force across each application duration consistently generated comparable lesion dimensions for each model. In the computational model, lesion depths from a 5 s application with 5, 10, and 30 g of applied force were similar (2.3, 2.6, and 3.0 mm, respectively). Also, the 5 s lesion depths in the gel model were consistent across applied force (5 g, 3.2±0.1 mm; 10 g, 3.5±0.1 mm; 30 g, 3.5±0.2 mm). In the thigh model, the 5, 10, and 30 g applied forces for 5 s created lesion depths of 3.1±0.5, 3.2±1.0, and 3.2±1.1 mm, respectively. For the 10 and 15 s durations, the lesion depth and width remained consistent for the 10 and 30 g applied forces. Increases in lesion depth and width, percentage of impedance reduction, minimum power, and maximum temperature were only significant when application duration increased (from 5 to 15 s).

Conclusions:

Lesion dimensions with the DiamondTemp Ablation temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation system showed no marked change with increased applied force. Short application durations generated consistent lesion dimensions across computational, thermochromic gel, and thigh models.
Salvation by Deletion in Nupe
Authors: Mendes Gesoel , Kandybowicz Jason
Published: June 2021

This article presents novel data from ellipsis in Nupe, a Benue-Congo language of Nigeria, and explores its theoretical implications. Three claims are made. First, sluicing in Nupe counterexemplifies Merchant’s (2001) Sluicing-COMP Generalization. Second, ungrammatical outputs resulting from extraction from perfect clauses are salvaged by ellipsis, arguing against Kandybowicz’s (2009) analysis where such a restriction is a narrow-syntax derivational constraint. Third, COMP-trace effects in Nupe are also repaired under ellipsis, lending support to Kandybowicz’s (2009) claim that the Nupe COMP-trace effect is an interface phenomenon. Our findings provide evidence for the claim that ellipsis can repair certain otherwise ill-formed structures.
Severity of hardiness in young people in Russia and Israel in the situation of self-isolation of the period of prevaling coronavirus
Authors: Vinichuk Natalia V.
Published: June 2021

Background. The COVID-19 virus has created a global situation of unpredictability, uncertainty and crisis. Each person lived through the period of self-isolation in different ways. Hardiness, as well as belonging to a particular country plays an important role as a personal resource in this adaptation The objective of the study was a comparative analysis of the severity of hardiness in young people in a situation of self-isolation during the spread of coronavirus in Russia and Israel. We assumed as a hypothesis that the level of hardiness in Russia and Israel would be comparable, due to the approximately equal number of factors (in all their variety) of instability, especially in a situation of an additional distress factor – the COVID-19 pandemic. Design. The research was carried out through Internet resources. The sample consisted of 40 people: 20 from Russia (8 men and 12 women) and 20 from Israel (10 men and 10 women). The age of the subjects ranged from 25 to 40 years (the average age of Russians is 29.1, the average age of Israelis is 31.8). Psycho-diagnostics of hardiness was carried out using S.Maddi’s Hardiness Test (translation and adaptation by D.A. Leontiev, E.I. Rasskazova). Results. It was revealed that the general level of hardiness and its three separate components (“involvement”, “control”, “risk taking”) is slightly higher among young people in Israel than among citizens of Russia. Statistically significant differences (Uemp = 64 (Ucr = 114 at p ≤ 0.01; 138 at p ≤ 0.05) were found only in terms of “risk taking”. Conclusions. The hypothesis that there are significant differences in the level of hardiness among young people living in Russia and Israel during the period of selfisolation was partially confirmed. The components of “involvement”, “control” and the general level of hardiness are just slightly higher in residents of Israel than those of Russia, but the component of “risk taking” is significantly higher in residents of Israel.
Parents and children in time of isolation: external and internal factors of mutual understanding
Authors: Leonova Elena V.
Published: June 2021

Relevance. The introduction of quarantine measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020 has dramatically changed the format of social life leaving an imprint on social interactions within large and small groups. Moving school and college students to the distance education format and the employees of many enterprises to the remote format of work has brought changes both at the level of relationships within school teams and at the level of family relationships. The objective of the study is to determine the external and internal factors of mutual understanding between parents and children during the period of isolation. Design The sample consisted of 214 parents of schoolchildren living in the cities of the Central Federal District, mainly in the Kaluga Region. The survey was conducted online in April-May 2020 and used Google Forms. External stress factors (housing conditions, financial problems, the sufficiency of computer technology and the quality of Internet connection for remote work / study for all family members) as well as the degree of mutual understanding were studied using a questionnaire. To assess internal factors TIPI-RU, “SHPANA” (PANAS), Brief Cope questionnaires and a questionnaire of behavior style in conflict were used. Based on the results of the study a model for the indirect influence of external stressors (financial problems, the sufficiency of computer technology and the quality of Internet connection) on the mutual understanding of children and parents was developed. This influence is mediated by affective states, coping strategies and the style of behavior of parents in conflict. Such personal qualities of the parents as conscientiousness and emotional stability are also important. Mutual understanding between parents and children is facilitated by a positive emotional attitude of parents, their use of coping strategies such as positive reappraisal, planning, humor, acceptance, as well as styles of behavior in a conflict aimed at reconciliation and compromise. Conclusions. The results of the study showed the need for a differentiated and individual approach to the study of the psychological reactions of the population to the situation of a pandemic and quarantine. Many families perceived the current situation as an opportunity to devote more time to communication and self-development, to the development of children and relationships. The results obtained may reflect the regional specifics – the study was carried out in cities with a less stringent (compared to Moscow) isolation regime during the quarantine period.
Emotional intelligence in the structure of a person’s intellectual and personal potential: trait or ability? (adaptation of the short version of the TEIQue-SF questionnaire)
Authors: Kryukova Ekaterina А. , Shestova Maria А.
Published: June 2021

Background. One of the debated issues of modern psychology is the characteristics of the emotional sphere in the structure of a person’s intellectual and personal potential. Its most important component is emotional intelligence (EI), which can be studied from different methodological standpoints. It makes it urgent to develop appropriate diagnostic techniques. The objective: based on testing of the Russian-language version of the questionnaire “Trait Emotional Intelligent Questionnaire” (TEIQue-SF), the problem of understanding EI as an ability or personality trait, and the relationship of EI with uncertainty tolerance (UT) and emotional creativity (EC) is considered. Design. EI as a trait was measured using the approved TEI questionnaire (N= 482); as ability — using the EI questionnaire (N= 230); as attitude to uncertainty — using the new uncertainty tolerance questionnaire (N= 61); as emotional creativity — using the OEC questionnaire (N= 231). Research results. For the TEI questionnaire, a four-factor structure, similar to the original English version was confirmed. It included the following scales: “well-being”; “emotionality”; “sociality” and “self-control”. Their convergent validity with the scales of the EmIn questionnaire has been demonstrated. Relationship between tolerance to uncertainty and emotional creativity has been established, which makes it possible to talk about the positive role of emotional intelligence in personal and style self-regulation. Conclusions. The data obtained allow us to consider the psychometric characteristics of the Russian-language version of the TEI questionnaire satisfactory. The revealed positive relationship between the characteristics of EI according to the methods of TEI and EmIn, as well as links with EC, suggests the possibility of a broader interpretation of EI as a trait but also does not allow to deny its interpretation as an ability. Differences in methodological approaches regarding understanding the construct of EI do not prevent the possibility of measuring it as a variable of a person’s intellectual and personal potential interconnected with the attitude towards uncertainty and with the creative potential of a person.
Identification of specific odour compounds from garlic cloves infected with the potato tuber nematode, Ditylenchus destructor, using gas chromatography-olfactometry
Authors: Koga Yuki , Yoshiga Toyoshi , Shindo Jun-ichi , Aoyama Rie , Nishimuta Kou , Koyama Reon , Miyamoto Hideki , Haraguchi Tomokazu , Ryuda Noriko , Ueno Daisuke
Published: June 2021

The potato tuber or potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor, causes severe damage to garlic (Allium sativum) produced in Japan. Although consumption of a nematode-infected garlic bulb is not harmful to human health, it causes consumer dissatisfaction because the infected bulb deteriorates quickly. In addition, nematode-contaminated garlic cloves are inadvertently used as seed garlic for next season, which then leads to nematode-infested fields and increases yield loss. However, infected garlic bulbs look the same as healthy ones, and hence have been unknowingly distributed and sold. A method is needed to discriminate infected garlic bulbs from non-infected garlic bulbs before distribution in the market, but to date no suitable technique has been developed. The objective of this study was to identify specific odour-active compounds associated with nematode-infected garlic through the use of analytical chemistry. Garlic cloves were infected with cultured nematodes under controlled conditions, and the volatile odour-active compounds were analysed by an ‘odour identification system’ which included gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), GC-fractionation (GC-F), GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and odour/aroma-specific database. Two specific odour-active compounds associated with nematode-infected garlic cloves were identified as allyl methyl disulfide and eugenol, and two others were tentatively identified as (E)-1-allyl-2-(prop-1-en-1-yl)disulfane and allyl methyl trisulfide. These specific odour-active compounds may be useful as indicators to detect nematode-infected garlic bulbs in a non-destructive manner.
International Trade and Economic Performance in Tanzania: Further Evidence
Authors: Kilindo Ally A. L.
Published: June 2021

The study investigated the role of international trade in economic performance in Tanzania for the post reform period, from 1980 to 2018. International trade is measured by disaggregated imports and exports while economic performance is measured by GDP growth. Exports are disaggregated into manufactured goods and non-manufactured goods while imports are disaggregated into capital goods and intermediate goods. To obtain robust non-spurious regression results, Dickey-Fuller (D-F) and Phillips-Peron (PP) Unit Root tests were performed. Johansen Co-integration tests were employed to investigate long-run relationships between export, imports and economic growth. The Johansen test suggested a long-run relationship between international trade and its components and economic development. In addition, the Error Correction Model (ECM) results further supported a long-run relationship between international trade and economic growth in Tanzania. This calls for further opening of the economy and further liberalisation of trade restrictions.
The State, Traditional Leadership and the Politics of Land Reforms in Malawi
Authors: Kapanga Maureen , Kayuni Happy , Chasukwa Michael
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses the political power dynamics over land between the state and traditional leadership in relation to issues surrounding the Malawi new land laws of 2016 (i.e., land reforms). The passing of new land bills in parliament represented one of the most contentious political issues in the country between the state and traditional leadership. From a political perspective, the paper takes this disagreement over land policy between traditional leadership and the state as a clash between two sources of power with land reform being merely a platform. Using the land reform process therefore, the paper examines how these sources of power were applied. The paper therefore contributes to the existing debate of the relationship between state and traditional leadership in the modern era. The findings are derived from a qualitative research through key informant interviews with selected traditional leaders, government officials, members of parliament, Civil Society activists and academics. The findings confirm what the literature says that land reform is basically a highly politicized process. Another important finding is that the current political factors show that the land reform process will ultimately be in favour of traditional leadership’s interest. The paper argues that both formal and informal powers are used by government and chiefs as they influence each other regarding which reforms to be adopted bearing mind that the interests of these players are embedded the institutional design of the same reforms.
Against Hostile Nature: The Roles of Magic and Science in Thailand’s Cave Rescue
Authors: Wattanagun Kanya
Published: June 2021

The rescue mission at Tham Luang cave in Chiang Rai, Thailand, presents a scenario in which magical rituals and technical knowledge were marshaled against hostile natural conditions. While practical endeavors were made to mitigate the risks and impediments posed by malign weather and topographical features of the cave, myths and rituals were enacted to control unruly factors not subject to human manipulation. In this paper, I argue that: 1) Magical rituals at Tham Luang cave did not originate from the participants’ confidence in the reality of supernatural beings but from their attempt to use alternative approaches to remedy a precarious situation when practical efforts and technical knowledge did not yield a desired outcome. 2) In this case, the participants regarded the reality of supernatural beings and their role in the rescue as a possibility rather than a self-evident truth.
Understanding the Human Condition through the Depiction of Protagonists in Crime and Mystery Novels
Authors: Kaewruean Kevalin
Published: June 2021

Extant criticism of crime and mystery fiction has indicated how protagonists have freedom of choice in dealing with difficult situations in different forms of risky or challenging settings. In this article, previous criticism is evaluated in terms of its reflection of an essential element of the human condition: the Self’s free will to construct the existential and spatial meanings of its phenomenological existence in relation to the Other. The article further indicates that protagonists tend to disregard their freedom and responsibility for their actions, especially when they make existential choices in traumatic or critical situations. Additionally, the dominance of others and variously suppressive spatial contexts can inhibit the protagonists from acknowledging their free will to act responsibly in order to reach their authentic existence. This article integrates Jean Paul Sartre’s concept of the human condition and the corresponding interpretative framework of spatial concepts from different thinkers, such as Edward Relph, Arnold van Gennep, Victor W. Turner and Mikhail M. Bakhtin, who emphasize the significance of places in the meaning-construction of the Self’s identity and its existence in relation to the Other. Through the integration of these theoretical frameworks, the portrayal of protagonists in contemporary crime and mystery novels is examined in order to illustrate individuals’ senses of freedom and responsibility for their own actions in existential and spatial contexts.
Baorangia duplicatopora (Boletaceae, Boletales), a new bolete from tropical China
Authors: ZHANG XU , LIANG ZHI-QUN , JIANG SHUAI , XU CHANG , FU XIN-HUA , ZENG NIAN-KAI
Published: June 2021

Baorangia duplicatopora is described as a new species from Hainan Province, a tropical region of China. It is morphologically characterized by large to very large basidiomata with a dull rose red, rose pink to purplish red pileus, compound pores, pileus context near hymenophore and stipe context staining blue when injured, a red stipe, and cheilocystidia wider than those of other Baorangia species. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from part of the 28S gene, the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) also confirmed that B. duplicatopora forms an independent lineage within Baorangia. Detailed descriptions, color photographs of fresh basidiomata, and line drawings of microscopic features of the new species are presented. A key to species of Baorangia in the world is also provided.
Heracleum kurdistanicum (Apiaceae; Tordylieae), a new subalpine species from Dalanpar Mountain, NW Iran
Authors: TABAD MOHAMMAD AREF , MAROOFI HOSEIN , RASTEGAR AZAD
Published: June 2021

Heracleum kurdistanicum (Apiaceae; Tordylieae), a new subalpine species from Dalanpar Mountain, NW Iran, is described and illustrated. Heracleum kurdistanicum has no morphologically close relatives, but is compared with two most similar species: H. argaeum and H. schelkovnikovii. They differ in habit, leaves, fruits, and number and size of rays.