bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Que desencantamento do mundo? Comunicação, organizações e processos de racionalização no meio rural
Authors: Rudnicki Carlise Schneider
Published: January 2016

Propomos, neste artigo, descrever o desencantamento dos produtores de tabaco do Vale do Rio Pardo. Para tanto analisamos as relações entre organizações e sujeitos sob a perspectiva do pensamento weberiano, fundamentado, principalmente, nos conceitos de racionalização e de dominação. Entendemos que o ato de "obedecer", que confronta diferentes racionalidades, acontece não essencialmente devido à ordem que as pessoas creem ser legítimas, mas que acreditam ser inevitáveis. As análises foram realizadas conforme a sociologia compreensiva de Max Weber, de forma qualitativa, utilizando como técnica grupos de discussão e entrevistas em profundidade com famílias rurais que plantam tabaco e vivem no Vale do Rio Pardo/RS, Brasil. Observamos nas organizações deste rural a comunicação em uma perspectiva instrumental e conectada à ideia de desenvolvimento econômico. Verificamos que, desencantados, os sujeitos instituem um comportamento de recusa às mudanças institucionais.
Sergio Capparelli: a diferença entre distribuir e construir o saber
Authors: Mielniczuk Luciana , Ferraretto Luiz Artur
Published: January 2016

Coordenador do PPGCOM (Programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação e Informação) da UFRGS (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul), entre 1996 e 2000, no período de sua implantação, o professor e pesquisador Sérgio Capparelli fez uma palestra no dia 20 de agosto de 2015 em evento comemorativo aos 20 anos do Programa que ajudou a criar. Nesta ocasião, concedeu entrevista à revista Intexto. O professor contextualiza questões relacionadas ao ambiente de reflexão que antecedem a época da criação do PPGCOM e expõe suas ideias sobre o ofício de ser professor e pesquisador.Como jornalista, nos anos 1970 e 1980, Capparelli passou pelas redações dos jornais Folha da Manhã e Zero Hora. Foi professor na PUCRS (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul) e na Unisinos (Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos) antes de iniciar a carreira docente na UFRGS no início dos anos 1980.  É escritor, autor de romances e livros infantis, pelos quais recebeu os prêmios “Jabuti”, da Câmara Brasileira do Livro, “Odilo Costa Filho”, da Fundação Nacional do Livro Infantil e Juvenil, e “Açorianos”, da Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre. No campo da Comunicação, é autor, entre outras contribuições, dos livros Comunicação de massa sem massa (1979), Televisão e capitalismo no Brasil (1982) e Ditaduras e indústrias culturais no Cone Sul da América Latina (1991). Atualmente, aposentado da carreira de professor, dedica-se totalmente à literatura.
Representações visuais da mulher leitora: notas sobre as transmutações de uma prática cultural
Authors: Silveira Fabrício José Nascimento da , Vaz Paulo Bernardo Ferreira
Published: January 2016

O trabalho apresenta resultados parciais de uma investigação que busca apreender o lugar simbólico-respresentacional ocupado/destinado às mulheres no âmbito da história da leitura. Para tanto, adota como universo empírico figurações e experiências visuais concebidas por artistas plásticos e fotógrafos no contexto geral da história da arte. Tendo por objeto empírico um vastíssimo conjunto de obras pictóricas e fotográficas, o estudo analisa três momentos específicos nos quais os gestos de leitura empreendidos pelas mulheres e o seu contato com os objetos impressos configuravam-se segundo quadros de sentido amplamente enraizados na esfera cultural, a saber: a mãe zelosa que transmite a seus filhos, por meio da leitura, os preceitos e normas que amparavam a vida religiosa e comunal na Idade Média; as moças sonhadoras do período romântico que fizeram da leitura, tanto pública quanto privada, um recurso de auto-formação individual e emancipador; e, por fim, a leitura como uma prática corriqueira e incorporada ao dia-a-dia das mulheres “modernas”, estejam elas em casa ou no espaço coletivo, em momentos de lazer ou em atividades laborais. Ao fim desse percurso, ressalta-se que a leitura é uma prática cultural de apreensão e simbolização do mundo cujos gestos, fazeres e representações assentam-se, em larga medida, nas distintas matrizes de significação que conformam e informam a vida social.
Como antecipar os efeitos de uma tecnologia? Um modelo exploratório inspirado na Nova Ciência de McLuhan e aplicado ao Facebook
Authors: Pereira Vinícius Andrade
Published: January 2016

O artigo tem como objetivo principal identificar os principais efeitos dos sites de redes sociais (SRS) na cultura contemporânea, tendo como objeto específico o Facebook. Como referência teórica e metodológica adota-se uma proposição exploratória fortemente inspirada em uma “Nova Ciência”, tal como aventada por McLuhan. Isso implica a Lei dos Meios, sintetizada nas Tétrades. Como resultados o estudo propõe um conjunto de efeitos do Facebook na cultura contemporânea, que já podem ser identificados e mapeados e que se constituem como novos pontos e questões para futuras pesquisas. Ainda, apresenta um método de pesquisa que propõe o diálogo com disciplinas correlatas ao campo da comunicação, assim como uma metodologia flexível, capaz de lidar com descrições em profundidade de um objeto, ao mesmo tempo que acolher acasos e desvios de um procedimento científico ortodoxo, tal como preconizado por Feyerabend. Por fim, o estudo recupera uma parte importante da obra de McLuhan, ainda pouco explorada nos estudos comunacionais no Brasil.
Mídia e Público: aproximações e diferenças discursivas em práticas participativas
Authors: Moraes Francilaine Munhoz , Adghirni Zélia Leal
Published: January 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar aproximações e diferenças discursivas entre mídia e público em processos de práticas participativas contemporâneas. Em estudo de caso, o foco são os modos como os atores se comportam discursivamente diante de tema compartilhado. A combinação de Hermenêutica de Profundidade e Análise de Discurso Textualmente Orientada compõe o desenho metodológico. Principais resultados: a mídia recorre ao gênero reportagem, segue modelos canônicos da narrativa noticiosa, pautada pela impessoalidade; os textos do público indicam movimentos retóricos em recorrência ao gênero relato pessoal, em abordagens biográficas, em que se ressaltam a pessoalidade e o pertencimento às histórias narradas.
A arte nas ruas da cidade: estratégia de ressignificação e de interação comunicacional
Authors: Bentz Ione Maria Ghislene
Published: January 2016

O texto investiga os efeitos das retóricas visuais na composição de metáforas/alegorias urbanas, através da produção de significados simbólicos e das relações de comunicação mediadas pelas tecnologias urbanas. Esses artefatos estão de tal modo presentes no cotidiano, que se tornaram próteses no corpo da cidade. Foram escolhidas temáticas e práticas contemporâneas, representantes de formas de natureza no espaço urbano, que produzem um diálogo com a cultura sob a forma de narrativas. A matriz narrativa trabalha: (a) o elemento lúdico, presente nas diversas formas de manifestação; e (b) o elemento de crítica social, presente nos argumentos narrativos dos textos em análise. O desenvolvimento do tema obedece aos parâmetros das teorias da linguagem, da compreensão da semiose e da interação comunicacional. Objetiva-se identificar e compreender os efeitos dos sentidos e as formas de interação, ambos mediados, em semioses complexas, por dispositivos urbanos.
A projeção da cidade nas efemérides jornalísticas: estudo do suplemento Cultura de Zero Hora (2006-2009)
Authors: Golin Cida , Cavalcanti Anna , Rocha Julia Correa da
Published: January 2016

As efemérides sinalizam o poder do campo jornalístico de construção da memória social, de participar das disputas que definem aquilo que deve ser lembrado e os modos de acionar esta lembrança. Nas rotinas planejadas do jornalismo cultural, são recursos para atualizar e reinserir temas, personagens e produtos na economia da oferta de bens culturais. Este artigo discute como o suplemento Cultura de Zero Hora, entre 2006 e 2009, recorreu às efemérides e de que forma a escolha de boa parte dos eventos cíclicos configurou-se como narrativa daquilo que deve ser lembrado sobre a cidade. Retomam-se índices obtidos na análise de conteúdo de 1.413 textos em 208 edições do caderno Cultura de ZH no período. Desse total, analisa-se um conjunto de temas de capa selecionados para discussão. A presentificação do passado aponta para três movimentos de projeção da cidade: a espacialidade personalizada, a espacialidade material e a espacialidade imaterial.
Novas perspectivas para uma sistematização das teorias do jornalismo
Authors: Franciscato Carlos
Published: January 2016

Os estudos sobre jornalismo possuem pelo menos um século de produção científica regular, embora seu lugar no universo acadêmico dependa ainda de disputas institucionais e sofra questionamentos sobre sua constituição como quadro teórico, disciplina ou campo de estudos. Se, por um lado, a discussão tem raízes epistemológicas a respeito dos elementos que dão solidez, densidade e convergência a teorias no tratamento de um fenômeno específico, é possível também conduzir esta reflexão olhando para a constituição e configuração histórica desses estudos. A proposta deste artigo é fazer um duplo movimento de leitura dessa obra intelectual sobre o jornalismo: primeiro, entender esse movimento histórico, suas raízes e trajetórias; depois, considerar uma perspectiva contemporânea, tomando por base questões sobre sua disciplinaridade. Este é um trabalho de caráter dedutivo, operando uma sistematização teórico-conceitual de tendências e traços de caráter mais geral desses estudos, com base em uma bibliografia de referência em jornalismo.
Comunicação, linearidade e não linearidade: costurando conceitos e práticas
Authors: Gonçalves Márcio Souza , Barbosa Rafael de Oliveira
Published: January 2016

O texto discute a pertinência e o uso do conceito de linearidade para a análise dos meios de comunicação, notadamente dos meios que comportam textos, bem como sua validade como ferramenta para dar conta dos efeitos culturais e subjetivos dessas tecnologias. São mobilizados diferentes autores relativamente canônicos no campo da comunicação e é feita uma abordagem do caso dos audiolivros e dos audioleitores em sua relação com a ideia de linearidade. Problematiza-se, por fim, a eficácia e utilidade dessa ideia e de sua correlata, não linearidade, para dar conta do modo como a escrita e os textos produzem efeitos na cultura. As conclusões indicam diversos problemas envolvidos no uso do conceito de linearidade e de seus correlatos, o que implica, em última instância, na necessidade de seu abandono dada a incapacidade que apresentam de recortar eficazmente os domínios e objetos a que se aplicam.
Transmetodologia, cidadania comunicativa e transformação tecnocultural
Authors: Maldonado Alberto Efendy
Published: January 2016

Os processos históricos de mudança que acontecem no mundo e, em especial, na América Latina e no Brasil inspiram esta reflexão teórica metodológica. Conflui nela, a transformação tecnocultural expressa na digitalização das condições de produção e dos meios de comunicação social; os processos político sociais de mudança na América Latina; a possibilidade de superar as democracias liberais restritas; e a estruturação de estratégias de produção de conhecimento orientadas à transformação sociocultural, que as epistemologias não hegemônicas vêem propondo nas últimas décadas. O objetivo da argumentação busca suscitar problematizações teóricas que inter-relacionem as dimensões referidas; em oposição à lógica linear instrumental, abre bifurcações epistêmicas que questionam o instrumentalismo fácil dos resultados prontos.
Pierre Bourdieu e algumas lições para o campo da comunicação
Authors: Lago Cláudia
Published: January 2016

O artigo procura relacionar a obra do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu e seu uso no Campo da Comunicação. Para tanto, parte-se da discussão da gênese das concepções de pesquisa do autor, seguida da apresentação de conceitos fundamentais e recorrentes na Comunicação - como Campo, Habitus e Poder Simbólico - e, por fim, analisa-se as apropriações de parte de sua obra pelo campo da comunicação.
Os estudos de mídia e a problemática epistemológica da teoria da midiatização – uma nova escolástica?
Authors: Rüdiger Francisco
Published: January 2016

Nosso objetivo consiste, primeiro, em reconstituir os antecedentes históricos de onde emergiu e os estágios reflexivos em que se desenvolveu a problemática teórica da midiatização de que tantos estudiosos da comunicação passaram a falar no curso do último decênio. Em segundo, tratase de mostrar como, neste período, foi ela elaborada em termos metodológicos, para embasar a proposição de um programa de pesquisa supostamente capaz de conferir uma disciplina ou constituir um paradigma nesta área do conhecimento. Enfim, procede-se à crítica de suas realizações e doutrina, levantando a hipótese de que, com isso, se está diante de uma nova escolástica.
Uma abordagem semiótica e indicial da identidade na era de YouTube
Authors: Andacht Fernando
Published: January 2016

O artigo estuda os efeitos comunicacionais e imaginários produzidos pelos vlogs, quer autênticos, quer falsos, no YouTube através de alguns casos célebres na história desse site para carregar e compartilhar vídeos. Em muitas dessas produções audiovisuais há um predomínio dos signos indiciais – a classe de significação que surge do contato do signo com seu objeto, como as pegadas ou os sintomas. Na época atual, estes signos são muito procurados pelos públicos para satisfazer o interesse coletivo por um corpo a corpo com os realizadores amadores – ou aqueles que se apresentam assim – de vlogs autobiográficos. A abordagem teórica da semiótica triádica de Peirce é usada para a análise da identidade humana na era da internet, e também para uma análise da dúvida sobre o autêntico e seu oposto, o simulado, um elemento inseparável dessa experiência midiática.
A retórica entre a comunicação e o comunicar
Authors: Nakagawa Regiane Miranda de Oliveira
Published: January 2016

Este artigo busca discutir a maneira pela qual se articulam as práticas retóricas agenciadas pelo comunicar, tendo em vista a diferença entre essa prática e a comunicação. Para tal, retoma os pressupostos por intermédio dos quais a retórica foi investigada no âmbito dos meios entendidos da perspectiva técnica, em conformidade com vários estudos vinculados à chamada Mass Communication Research, e traz, em contraponto, o aspecto da imponderabilidade do comunicar que é potencializado pelos meios entendidos como ambientes comunicacionais. Assim, busca-se mostrar de que modo os primeiros limitaram o entendimento do exercício suasório a um viés meramente instrumental e coercitivo, que gera a aproximação entre a retórica e a lógica, ao passo que a segunda envolve a consideração das mediações semióticas pelas quais se dá a argumentação retórica.
Preliminary analysis of phosphorus flow in Hue Citadel
Authors: Anh T. N. Q. , Harada H. , Fujii S. , Anh P. N. , Lieu P. K. , Tanaka S.
Published: January 2016

Characteristics of waste and wastewater management can affect material flows. Our research investigates the management of waste and wastewater in urban areas of developing countries and its effects on phosphorus flow based on a case study in Hue Citadel, Hue, Vietnam. One hundred households were interviewed to gain insight into domestic waste and wastewater management together with secondary data collection. Next, a phosphorus flow model was developed to quantify the phosphorus input and output in the area. The results showed that almost all wastewater generated in Hue Citadel was eventually discharged into water bodies and to the ground/groundwater. This led to most of the phosphorus output flowing into water bodies (41.2 kg P/(ha year)) and ground/groundwater (25.3 kg P/(ha year)). Sewage from the sewer system was the largest source of phosphorus loading into water bodies, while effluent from on-site sanitation systems was responsible for a major portion of phosphorus into the ground/groundwater. This elevated phosphorus loading is a serious issue in considering surface water and groundwater protection.
A pilot-scale study on PVA gel beads based integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) plant for municipal wastewater treatment
Authors: Kumar Singh Nitin , Singh Jasdeep , Bhatia Aakansha , Kazmi A. A.
Published: January 2016

In the present study, a pilot-scale reactor incorporating polyvinyl alcohol gel beads as biomass carrier and operating in biological activated sludge mode (a combination of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and activated sludge) was investigated for the treatment of actual municipal wastewater. The results, during a monitoring period of 4 months, showed effective removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and NH3-N at optimum conditions with 91%, ∼92% and ∼90% removal efficiencies, respectively. Sludge volume index (SVI) values of activated sludge varied in the range of 25–72 mL/g, indicating appreciable settling characteristics. Furthermore, soluble COD and BOD in the effluent of the pilot plant were reduced to levels well below discharge limits of the Punjab Pollution Control Board, India. A culture dependent method was used to enrich and isolate abundant heterotrophic bacteria in activated sludge. In addition to this, 16S rRNA genes analysis was performed to identify diverse dominant bacterial species in suspended and attached biomass. Results revealed that Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp. and Nitrosomonas communis played a significant role in biomass carrier, while Acinetobactor sp. were dominant in activated sludge of the pilot plant. Identification of ciliated protozoa populations rendered six species of ciliates in the plant, among which Vorticella was the most dominant.
Optimization of leachate treatment using persulfate/H2O2 based advanced oxidation process: case study: Deir El-Balah Landfill Site, Gaza Strip, Palestine
Authors: Hilles Ahmed H. , Abu Amr Salem S. , Hussein Rim A. , Arafa Anwar I. , El-Sebaie Olfat D.
Published: January 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of employing H2O2 reagent in persulfate activation to treat stabilized landfill leachate. A central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the relationships between operating variables, such as persulfate and H2O2 dosages, pH, and reaction time, to identify the optimum operating conditions. Quadratic models for the following two responses proved to be significant with very low probabilities (<0.0001): chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH3-N removal. The obtained optimum conditions included a reaction time of 116 min, 4.97 g S2O82−, 7.29 g H2O2 dosage and pH 11. The experimental results were corresponding well with predicted models (COD and NH3-N removal rates of 81% and 83%, respectively). The results obtained in the stabilized leachate treatment were compared with those from other treatment processes, such as persulfate only and H2O2 only, to evaluate its effectiveness. The combined method (i.e., /S2O82−/H2O2) achieved higher removal efficiencies for COD and NH3-N compared with other studied applications.
Application of a soft computing technique in predicting the percentage of shear force carried by walls in a rectangular channel with non-homogeneous roughness
Authors: Khozani Zohreh Sheikh , Bonakdari Hossein , Zaji Amir Hossein
Published: January 2016

Two new soft computing models, namely genetic programming (GP) and genetic artificial algorithm (GAA) neural network (a combination of modified genetic algorithm and artificial neural network methods) were developed in order to predict the percentage of shear force in a rectangular channel with non-homogeneous roughness. The ability of these methods to estimate the percentage of shear force was investigated. Moreover, the independent parameters' effectiveness in predicting the percentage of shear force was determined using sensitivity analysis. According to the results, the GP model demonstrated superior performance to the GAA model. A comparison was also made between the GP program determined as the best model and five equations obtained in prior research. The GP model with the lowest error values (root mean square error ((RMSE) of 0.0515) had the best function compared with the other equations presented for rough and smooth channels as well as smooth ducts. The equation proposed for rectangular channels with rough boundaries (RMSE of 0.0642) outperformed the prior equations for smooth boundaries.
Analysis of sludge aggregates produced during electrocoagulation of model wastewater
Authors: Załęska-Chróst B. , Wardzyńska R.
Published: January 2016

This paper presents the results of the study of sludge aggregates produced during electrocoagulation of model wastewater of a composition corresponding to the effluents from the cellulose and paper industry. Wastewater was electrocoagulated statically using aluminium electrodes with a current density of 31.25 A m−2 and 62.50 A m−2. In subsequent stages of the treatment, sludge flocs were collected, their size was studied and their floc settling velocity (30–520 μm s−1) and fractal dimension (D) were determined. The values of D ranged from 1.53 to 1.95 and were directly proportional to the degree of wastewater treatment. Higher values of D were determined for sludge with lower water content (after 24 hours’ settling). Fractal dimension can therefore be used as an additional parameter of wastewater treatment control.
Removal of endocrine disrupting compounds from wastewater using polymer particles
Authors: Murray Audrey , Örmeci Banu , Lai Edward P. C.
Published: January 2016

This study evaluated the use of particles of molecularly imprinted and non-imprinted polymers (MIP and NIP) as a wastewater treatment method for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). MIP and NIP remove EDCs through adsorption and therefore do not result in the formation of partially degraded products. The results show that both MIP and NIP particles are effective for removal of EDCs, and NIP have the advantage of not being as compound-specific as the MIP and hence can remove a diverse range of compounds including 17-β-estradiol (E2), atrazine, bisphenol A, and diethylstilbestrol. Removal of E2 from wastewater was also tested to determine the effectiveness of NIP in the presence of interfering substances and natural organic matter. Removal of E2 from wastewater samples was high and increased with increasing NIP. NIP represent an effective way of removing a wide variety of EDCs from wastewater.
Accumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments and zoobenthos (Bellamya aeruginosa and Corbicula fluminea) from Lake Taihu
Authors: Kong Ming , Hang Xiaoshuai , Wang Longmian , Yin Hongbin , Zhang Yimin
Published: January 2016

Accumulation and risk assessment of metals in sediments and zoobenthos (Bellamya aeruginosa and Corbicula fluminea) from Lake Taihu were studied. Results showed that metal (Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni) concentrations in Lake Taihu varied greatly, and Cd in the Zhushan Bay showed higher bioavailability compared to the other metals studied. The spatial distribution of metals in B. aeruginosa and C. fluminea was similar to that in sediments. Zn and Cu exhibited the higher mean concentration in B. aeruginosa and C. fluminea, which was in good accordance with its higher content in surrounding sediment. Labile fractions (i.e., acid-soluble (F1), reducible (F2) and F1 + F2) of Cu and Zn in sediments showed a significant positive correlation with them in B. aeruginosa (P < 0.01); no correlation relationship was found for metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni) between in the tissue of C. fluminea and in sediments. The results of ecological risk assessment showed that Zhushan Bay was seriously contaminated by metal Cd, as it made the main contribution of all the metals. Total target hazard quotients indicated that adults and children both had potential health risk through consuming C. fluminea. Hazard index values suggested that adults and children might experience adverse health effects through consuming B. aeruginosa and C. fluminea.
An Upflow‐Type Filtration Device Using Expanded Polypropylene Media (EPM) to Treat First Flush of Rainwater
Authors: Kang Sungwon , Kim Seogku , Lee Sangmin , Lee Taeyoon
Published: January 2016

The first flush of rainwater in urban areas is highly contaminated and causes adverse effects on both the water environment and ecosystem. In this study, a novel filtration device using expanded polypropylene media (EPM) was developed for efficient control of pollutants in first flush of urban runoff. The effect of foaming ratio on EPM for filtration efficiency and clogging potential was examined under various operating conditions. Experimental results using a laboratory‐scale filtration device indicated that the removal efficiencies of suspended solids were initially high (>90% removal until 60 minutes) and decreased with filtration time (60% for EPM15 at 180 minutes and less than 10% for EPM45). Similarly, more than 90% of Cr, Pb, and Zn were removed for EPM15 within 30 minutes and decreased with filtration time. The surface area and specific hydraulic resistance of EPM were sensitive to foaming ratio. Optimum conditions for foaming ratio increased pollutant removal and minimized head loss. A simple model was derived and applied for theoretical analysis of the filtration device with EPM.
Integrative Advanced Oxidation and Biofiltration for Treating Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater
Authors: Lester Yaal , Aga Diana S. , Love Nancy G. , Singh Randolph R. , Morrissey Ian , Linden Karl G.
Published: January 2016

Advanced oxidation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in wastewater produces transformation products (TPs) that are often more biodegradable than the parent compounds. Secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant was treated using UV‐based advanced oxidation (LPUV/H2O2 and MPUV/NO3) followed by biological aerated filtration (BAF), and different APIs and their transformation products were monitored. The advanced oxidation processes degraded the APIs by 55–87% (LPUV/H2O2) and 58–95% (MPUV/NO3), while minor loss of APIs was achieved in the downstream BAF system. Eleven TPs were detected following oxidation of carbamazepine (5) and iopromide (6); three key TPs were biodegraded in the BAF system. The other TPs remained relatively constant in the BAF. The decrease in UV absorbance (UVA254) of the effluent in the BAF system was linearly correlated to the degradation of the APIs (for the MPUV/NO3–BAF), and can be applied to monitor the biotransformation of APIs in biological‐based systems.
Editorial
Authors: Hall-Lew Lauren
Published: January 2016

This is the first volume of Lifespans & Styles: Undergraduate Working Papers on Intraspeaker Variation . The journal was inspired by the fact that, while many undergraduates produce exceptional scholarship, most do not get an opportunity to share their work with the wider academic community. Some may go on to postgraduate study in the same field of study as their undergraduate degree, but most will not continue in academia, or if they do, they will often change subfield. Meanwhile, the research they produce for a class, a dissertation, or a thesis will end up in a university library archive or, much more likely, buried in the folders of their personal computer. It is my belief that this is a disservice to both the student and the academic community at large. This journal was founded in the spirit of giving excellent undergraduate work the exposure and longevity that it deserves.
“My Vocal Cords are Made of Tweed”: Style-Shifting as Speaker Design
Authors: Geere Melissa , Everett Joy , MacLeod Alasdair
Published: January 2016

Intraspeaker variation is evaluated in terms of speaker design in a number of studies (Coupland 1985, Schilling-Estes 1998, Podesva 2008). This study explores possible motives for variation from a speaker design perspective through the analysis of three phonetic variables with differing social status. The variables occur in the speech of Stephen Fry, an intellectual whose public identity is closely linked with his Received Pronunciation (RP) speech. Fry uses more non-standard forms in contexts where his identity is more directly relevant, suggesting his desire to “accentuate the positive and eliminate the negative” associations of the RP register (Meyerhoff 2011:28). However not all the data fit this pattern, demonstrating the need for a broad model of speaker design incorporating multiple motives for style-shifting. It is proposed that the use of linguistic variables with differing social evaluation can give insight into prioritisation of speaker motives in future speaker-centred studies.
Reproductive biotechnology in animal husbandry - current status and future prospects
Authors: Ivanova M. , Gradinarska D. , Daskalova D.
Published: January 2016

To date there is still no optimal biotechnology which ensures maximum
preservation of the functional parameters of the spermatozoa from buffaloes,
boars and dogs. The aim of this research is to study the biological potential
of seminal plasma proteins that are specific only to ejaculates with high
cryotolerance and good quality parameters of the spermatozoa. The motility
and velocity parameters of the spermatozoa were assessed by computer-assisted
sperm analysis. Seminal plasma proteins were separated by size-exclusion
liquid chromatography and characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
and mass spectrometry. Based on the results obtained, sperm diluents and
methods for biological evaluation of the fertilization potential of the
spermatozoa from buffalo bulls, boars and dogs were created and proposed for
practical application.
The potentials of using selection index in the assessment of breeding values of Holstein breeds in Serbia
Authors: Stanojevic D. , Djedovic R. , Bogdanovic V. , Popovac M. , Perisic P. , Beskorovajni R. , Lazarevic M.
Published: January 2016

The conducted research was aimed at constructing equations of selection index
that would be used in the selection of the Holstein-Friesian breed animals in
Serbia. The construction of the selection index includes the most important
milk traits observed in standard lactation: milk yield (MY305), milk fat
content (% MF305) and protein content (% MP305). The variance and covariance
necessary for the construction of selection index are calculated using the
mixed model by the method of least squares. The economic value of traits is
expressed as a ratio of relative changes in costs per unit of traits included
in the selection index. Livestock included in the research produced, in the
first standard lactation, an average of 7681 kg of milk with 3.58% milk fat
and 3.28% protein. The equation of the selection index presented in the paper
is selected from the group of equations of selection index, as an equation
with the highest correlation between the equation and the aggregate genotype,
which amounted to 0.2156.
Electrical conductivity of milk and bacteriological findings in cows with subclinical mastitis
Authors: Galfi A. , Radinovic M. , Milanov D. , Bobos S. , Pajic M. , Savic S. , Davidov I.
Published: January 2016

Intramammary infections change the composition of milk and increase
electrical conductivity of milk and decrease milk electrical resistance.
Electrical conductivity has been used to detect mastitis during last four
decades. The aim of this research was to examine the reliability of the milk
electrical conductivity measuring in detection of subclinical mastitis. The
experiment was conducted on a dairy farm of Holstein-Friesian breed. A total
of 113 quarter milk samples were examined, 55 samples from cows in first
stage of lactation and 58 from cows in third stage of lactation. Electrical
conductivity (EC) of milk samples was detected by Hand-held EC meter
(Draminski mastitis detector). Quarter milk samples for bacteriological
analysis were taken aseptically during the morning milking in sterile test
tubes. Bacteria growth was not detected in 60 quarter milk samples (53.1%),
while in the other 53 samples bacteria was found (46.9%). The most common
isolated bacteria in first and third stage of lactation was Corynebacterium
spp. (38.9%) and coagulase - negative staphylococci (3.54%). High quality and
healthy milk with Draminski mastitis detector was observed in 59.29% of the
samples (67/113). Cows with mastitis may not always show an increased EC of
milk from the infected quarter. Electrical conductivity of milk can give
useful informations about udder health status, but hand-held EC meters, such
as Draminski mastitis detector, cannot be used alone in diagnosis of
subclinical mastitis.
Effect of addition of exogenous enzymes in hypocaloric diet in broiler chicken on performance, biochemical parameters and meat characteristics
Authors: Allouche L. , Madani T. , Hamouda Ait , Boucherit M.R. , Taleb H. , Samah O. , Rahmani K. , Touabti A.
Published: January 2016

In developing countries, broiler farmers often use imbalanced energy diets,
hence our study aims to evaluate the combined effect of addition of
commercial exogenous enzymes (CEE), in low energy level corn/soybean meal
based-diet on performance, serum biochemical parameters, meat characteristics
in male and female of broiler chickens. A total of 120 one day old Hubbard
F15 broiler chickens were divided on 2 groups (60 animals/group) with 5
replicates/group. The control group received a standard diet, while CEE group
received the same diet supplemented with enzymes (250 g/ton). Addition of
enzymes reduced significantly feed (p<0.001) and water intakes (p<0.05); in
meantime, feed conversion ratio tended to be lower (p=0.08). No changes were
observed in pH, protein or moisture contents of meat in both sexes broiler
between CEE and control groups. No perturbation was found in all serum
biochemical parameters in both sexes between CEE and control groups, except
total protein and albumin levels were significantly higher in male birds fed
enzymes when compared to male birds of the control group (p<0.001; p<0.01)
respectively. Addition of enzymes allowed a decrease of 950 g/bird in feed
intake for the total rearing period, hence save 337 ?/1000 birds; thus, use
of CEE in hypocaloric diet enhances broilers feed efficiency and procures an
economic benefit to farmers.
Methodology and philosophy of architecture and urban planning: Analysis of three methodological models in the field of architectural discourse
Authors: Cukic Iva , Pantovic Ksenija , Kavran Jasna
Published: January 2016

Architecture reflects on itself since Vitruvius, but it is difficult to
define its epistemological base, so interpretations are sometimes developed
in other disciplines. Thinking about architecture is about reflection on and
extension of architectural concepts, cultural practices, and interrelated
areas of art, philosophy, politics, etc. Incompleteness of understanding is
obvious, and it points us toward a paradigm of complex thinking. Contemporary
theoretical field of architecture is largely a product of postmodern
architectural thought. This paper examines the position from which to build a
modern architectural phenomenological opinion through three methodological
models - creative, emotional and rational. This research should contribute to
the way of understanding contemporary architectural phenomenon, with the
intention of providing a general level of credibility and understanding in
order to open the possibility of methodological application for a specific
job or field.
A survival analysis of the contraction phases of business cycles in industrial countries
Authors: Yildirim Nuri
Published: January 2016

This study tried to determine whether systematic changes have taken place in
the size (amplitude) and duration (length) of business cycle phases in
industrial countries over the past half century and to analyze, by using two
parametric duration models, mainly, Gompertz and Weibull models, the possible
effects of some macroeconomic variables, such as labor productivity growth,
inflation, real interest rate, openness, oil prices, and gross saving rate,
on the duration of the contraction phases of business cycles. The reference
turning point chronology elaborated by the OECD for 23 industrial countries
for the post-1956 period was used. The sample included 258 expansions and 267
contraction spells. The widespread belief that the length of expansions has,
on average, become longer and that of contractions has become shorter over
time was not supported in our sample. There is sufficient evidence of
monotonically increasing hazard rates for both contraction and expansion
durations; i.e., the spells are positively duration-dependent. Regarding the
impacts of covariates on the hazard rate of contractions, the saving rate,
openness, productivity growth, and size (depth) were found to have
significant positive impacts, whereas the real interest rates have a negative
effect. Inflation, oil prices, and length of previous expansion period have
no significant impact on contraction durations.
Dynamics of business cycle synchronization in Turkey
Authors: Duran Hasan
Published: January 2016

The aim of the present article is to investigate the economic determinants of
the synchronization across regional business cycles in Turkey between 1975
and 2010. The vast majority of studies in this field have concentrated on
well-known determinants, such as inter-regional trade, financial integration,
and industrial specialization, while largely ignoring spatial and
geographical factors, including differences across regions in agglomeration,
localization economies, market size, and urbanization. In this article, we
incorporate these variables into our analysis and evaluate their roles in the
comovement of regional business cycles. Our findings indicate two major
results: first, low degree of synchronization during 1975-2000 has switched
to relatively more correlated and synchronously moving regional cycles during
2004-2010. Second, having tested the variety of determinants, we find that
the pairs of regions that have more similar industrial structure and market
size, trade integration, and arbitrary degree of agglomeration and
urbanization tend to synchronize more. Significance of these variables is
robustly evident regardless of the time period analyzed and of the type of
methodology employed.
Unemployment hysteresis in the “Nordic Kitten”: Evidence from five Estonian regions
Authors: Furuoka Fumitaka
Published: January 2016

Unemployment hysteresis is a much discussed and researched topic in
macroeconomics. The present paper examined unemployment hysteresis in five
Estonian regions. It used two panel data methods, namely, the Im-Pesaran-Shin
(IPS) test and the Fourier Im-Pesaran-Shin (FIPS) test. The originality and
value of this paper is that this is the first study that uses the panel unit
root tests to examine unemployment dynamics in the Estonian regions. The
findings revealed that the unemployment rates in the Estonian regions could
be best described as a stationary process. This result is in line with the
natural rate hypothesis. A research implication is that this study has
illustrated that nonlinear tests could be an appropriate approach to examine
unemployment hysteresis because other methods may fail to reject the null
hypothesis. A practical implication of this study is that it sheds light on
the nature of unemployment dynamics in Estonia at the regional level. As the
findings revealed, the unemployment rates in the Estonian regions had the
meanreversion property. Therefore, the higher-than-normal unemployment rates
are likely to return to the natural level even in the absence of intervention
policies initiated by the government or policy makers.
Minimization of dynamic joint reaction forces of the 2-DOF serial manipulators based on interpolating polynomials and counterweights
Authors: Salinic Slavisa , Boskovic Marina , Bulatovic Radovan
Published: January 2016

This paper presents two ways for the minimization of joint reaction forces
due to inertia forces (dynamic joint reaction forces) in a two degrees of
freedom (2-DOF) planar serial manipulator. The first way is based on the
optimal selection of the angular rotations laws of the manipulator links and
the second one is by attaching counterweights to the manipulator links. The
influence of the payload carrying by the manipulator on the dynamic joint
reaction forces is also considered. The expressions for the joint reaction
forces are obtained in a symbolic form by means of the Lagrange equations of
motion. The inertial properties of the manipulator links are represented by
dynamical equivalent systems of two point masses. The weighted sum of the
root mean squares of the magnitudes of the dynamic joint reactions is used as
an objective function. The effectiveness of the two ways mentioned is
discussed.
Big Data and Audit Evidence
Authors: Brown-Liburd Helen , Vasarhelyi Miklos A.
Published: January 2016

This editorial aims to create a dialogue regarding research to advance audit thinking in light of the new evolving data environment. A “Special Topic” issue is being planned for JETA in 2017.
Mutational Changes In Delphinium malabaricum (Huth.) Munz.: A Potential Ornamental Plant
Authors: Kolar Firdose R. , Ghatge Swaroopa R. , Nimbalkar Mansingraj S. , Dixit Ghansham B.
Published: January 2016

Mutation breeding is an established method used for crop improvement and has played a major role in the development of many new flower color/shape mutant cultivars in ornamentals. The present study is aimed at inducing mutations in Delphinium malabaricum using chemical mutagens ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), sodium azide (SA) and physical mutagen (gamma rays). It was observed that D. malabaricum manifested specific reactions to the treatments with EMS, SA and gamma rays. Identification and selection of mutations were carried out in the second generation (M2). A variety of chlorophyll deficient mutants and high percentage of the flower color and morphological mutants were recorded. The maximum frequency of chlorophyll and flower color and morphological mutations were recorded in EMS treated plants when compared to the other two mutagens. The frequency values for the individual mutant types were varied and randomly distributed at different mutagenic treatments. The highest percentage of color mutants arose after treatments with 0.25% of EMS and the lowest at 20 kR of gamma rays. The mutants were quite distinct, as compared to the control and often had more attractive ornamental features compared to the starting material. The major commercial benefit of the application of this technology has so far been obtaining of novel flower mutants that can be used as an initial material for further breeding of new cultivars.
Influence Of Chemicals Of Arbolin Group On Branching Of Maiden Trees Of Three Apple Cultivars
Authors: Zhalnerchyk Pavel , Przybyła Andrzej A. , Jaumień Franciszka
Published: January 2016

Studies realized in 2008 and 2009 proved that Neo Arbolin Extra (10 g GA4+7 and 50 g BA in 1 l of solution) and Neo Arbolin (18 g GA4+7 and 18 g BA in 1 l of solution) applied separately or with Algamino Plant (18% extract from seaweeds and 10% of potassium salt of amino acids) stimulated the development of axillary buds on apple maiden trees of ‘Ligol’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Mutsu’ cultivars grafted on M.9 rootstock, thus enhancing the number of feathers longer than 10 cm. Preparations were applied twice, from the middle of June to July 9. Results differed between years, which may be related to different weather courses during the growing seasons. Neo Arbolin Extra at a concentration 30 ml·l−1 with adjuvant addition (Adpros 5 ml·l−1) gave the best results in branching of maiden trees of three examined cultivars. Trees treated with those preparations twice produced more than 10 feathers (> 10 cm) in the year highly favoring maiden tree growth and more than 6 feathers in the less favorable year. Algamino Plant did not influence apple tree branching.
The Spotted Wing Drosophila Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) – Monitoring And First Records In Poland
Authors: Łabanowska Barbara H. , Piotrowski Wojciech
Published: January 2016

The spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) (SWD) monitoring was carried out between 2012-2014 in eight locations. In order to determine the presence of Drosophila suzukii, several types of traps and baits were used. In 2014, Polish (prototype of Drosinal) and Spanish (Cera Trap) traps and baits were used in our study. In each year, traps were placed on the plantations of blueberry, strawberry, raspberry and at a wholesale market at the beginning of July, and monitored once or twice a week until mid-December. During 2012 and 2013 there were no flies of the spotted wing drosophila in traps. First flies of this species were captured in 2014 in two locations: Września (3rd week of October) and Brzezna (1st week of December) – western and southern Poland respectively, in both types of the traps. However, Polish traps were more effective in trapping D. suzukii. In addition, the Polish product has small holes and therefore captures less no target and beneficial insects than Spanish traps. Despite detection of SWD in Poland, damaged fruits were not found.
Reliability and Structural and Construct Validity of the Functional Strength Measurement in Children Aged 4 to 10 Years
Authors: Aertssen Wendy F.M. , Ferguson Gillian D. , Smits-Engelsman Bouwien C.M.
Published: January 2016

Background

Adequate muscle strength, power, and endurance are important in children's daily activities and sports. Various instruments have been developed for the assessment of muscle function; each measures different aspects. The Functional Strength Measurement (FSM) was developed to measure performance in activities in which strength is required.

Objective

The study objective was to establish the test-retest reliability and structural and construct validity of the FSM.

Design

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted.

Methods

The performance of 474 children with typical development on the FSM was examined. Test-retest reliability (n=47) was calculated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (2.1A) for agreement. Structural validity was examined with exploratory factor analysis, and internal consistency was established with the Cronbach alpha. Construct validity was determined by calculating correlations between FSM scores and scores obtained with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) (n=252) (convergent validity) and between FSM scores and scores on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–2 (MABC-2) (n=77) (discriminant validity).

Results

The test-retest reliability of the FSM total score ranged from .91 to .94. The structural validity revealed one dimension, containing all 8 FSM items. The Cronbach alpha was .74. The convergent validity with the HHD ranged from .42 to .74. The discriminant validity with MABC-2 items revealed correlations that were generally lower than .39, and most of the correlations were not significant. Exploratory factor analysis of a combined data set (FSM, HHD, and MABC-2; n=77) revealed 2 factors: muscle strength/power and muscle endurance with an agility component.

Limitations

Discriminant validity was measured only in children aged 4 to 6 years.

Conclusions

The FSM, a norm-referenced test for measuring functional strength in children aged 4 to 10 years, has good test-retest reliability and good construct validity.