bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of international clinical guidelines for the management of hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Ushanova F. O. , Demidova T. Yu. , Panteleeva S. V.
Published: May 2024

Arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the leading problems of cardiological communities around the world. In patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension occurs 2 times more often than in the general population, being mutually aggravating diseases and leading risk factors for coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease, which lead to disability and increased cardiovascular mortality. Various cardiological and endocrinological communities pay special attention to the management of hypertension in patients with DM, taking into account comorbidity. The present review examines modern approaches to the management of hypertension in DM patients based on current international clinical recommendations. Most of the current practical guidelines and clinical recommendations emphasize the need for early combined antihypertensive therapy for diabetes, which is due to the complex multifactorial pathogenesis and a more severe course of hypertension in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. The main groups of antihypertensive drugs recommended for diabetes include: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics, calcium antagonists.
Adrenocortical cancer: principles of morphological diagnostics for the endocrinologist
Authors: Porubayeva E. E. , Pachuashvili N. V. , Urusova L. S.
Published: May 2024

Adrenocortical cancer (ACС) is a rare malignant endocrine neoplasm from adrenocortical cells. Despite the orphan character of the disease, the increase of incidentalomas in modern clinical practice requires endocrinologist's awareness of the principles of diagnostics and tactics of patient management. This disease is characterized by highly variable biological behavior. This peculiarity of ACC necessitates a personalized approach for each clinical case, which should be ensured not only by interdisciplinary interaction between oncologists, surgeons and endocrinologists, but also by analysis of the pathomorphological features of each tumor. The present article highlights the current views on the morphological diagnosis of ACC, obtained as a result of research in the last decade, which should be taken into account by the endocrinologist.
Biochemical bases of the organoprotective properties of metformin
Authors: Teplova A. S. , Titova V. V. , Tenchurina A. I.
Published: May 2024

Metformin is recognized as the "gold standard" for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Its hypoglycemic properties are realized by reducing insulin resistance, contributing to the utilization of glucose in liver cells, muscles and adipose tissue; suppression of gluconeogenesis in the liver. Due to the wide range of biochemical targets of its pharmacological action, the scientific community actively discusses the use of metformin as an organoprotective drug. Now, the beneficial effect of metformin on the course of neuropathy, diseases of the cardiovascular system, normalization of the composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota, the course of metabolically associated fatty liver disease has already been proven, the nephroprotective effect has also been proven, and the study of the anti-oncogenic properties of metformin continues. The number of publications devoted to research on the positive effects of metformin on various organs and systems is actively increasing, and data on the identification of new effects are regularly published. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the pleiotropic effects of metformin at the level of biochemical interactions for a more detailed understanding of the principles of their implementation.
Syndrome of imaginary excess of mineralocorticoids: a clinical case
Authors: Nuralieva N. F. , Lavrenyuk A. A. , Adjiasanova M. Zh. , Yukina M. Yu. , Chugunov I. S. , Platonova N. M. , Troshina E. A.
Published: May 2024

The syndrome of apparent  mineralocorticoid excess (AME) is a rare genetic disease characterized by  juvenile hypertension, hypokalemia, suppression of renin and aldosterone. AME syndrome is caused by a mutation in the HSD11B2 gene, which encodes 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, that converts cortisol into cortisone.

The  purpose of the article is to describe a clinical case  of genetically confirmed (mutation C.911A>G of the HSD11B2 gene) AME  syndrome. The disease manifested in the first years of life; the patient was prescribed mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, potassium preparations, potassium-sparing diuretics, and other antihypertensive therapy. Due to the absence of normotonia and normokalemia, dexamethasone has been prescribed since the age  of 12. Due to uncontrolled arterial hypertension and hypokalemia, complications  developed (medullary nephrocalcinosis, myocardial remodeling), and prolonged dexamethasone intake led  to a slowdown in puberty and a decrease in bone  mineral density.
UPAYA GURU PAI DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER DISIPLIN SISWA DI SD NEGERI 2 TELUK KEPAYANG KECAMATAN KUSAN HULU KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU
Authors: FADILLAH MUHAMMAD , DP USMAN , NAJIHA FAIZAH
Published: May 2024

Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) yang merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran dalam sekolah memiliki peran-peran berarti dengan guru sebagai subjeknya dalam mendampingi pertumbuhan anak. Tugas-tugas seperti menanamkan akidah atau keyakinan memiliki Tuhan dan menyembahNya serta membiasakan untuk berakhlak mulia dalam arti berperilaku baik atau berbudi pekerti luhur dalam interaksi sosial dengan keluarga maupun masyarakat. guru PAI sebagai pembawa sekaligus penyampai materi tentang Islam dituntut mampu sebagai pembentuk karakter yang baik, termasuk karakter disiplin bagi anak. Pentingnya peran tersebut, maka peneliti tertarik menyusun penelitian dengan judul upaya guru PAI dalam membentuk karakter disiplin siswa di SD Negeri 2 Teluk Kepayang Kecamatan Kusan Hulu Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana karakter siswa, upaya guru PAI dan factor-faktor yang mempengarhui upaya guru PAI dalam membentuk karakter disiplin siswa di SD Negeri 2 Teluk Kepayang Kecamatan Kusan Hulu Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu
Pendekatan dalam penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Subjek penelitiannya adalah kepala sekolah, guru,  siswa dan orang tua. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data diolah dengan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan dengan teknik induktif yaitu menarik kesimpulan dari yang khusu ke umum.
Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa karakter disiplin siswa di SD Negeri 2 Teluk Kepayang Kecamatan Kusan Hulu Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu  yaitu  disiplin datang tepat waktu, patuh terhadap  peraturan di sekolah, dan disiplin mengerjakan tugas,  memehuni tugas piket sesuai dengan jadwal yang sudah ditentukan. Upaya guru PAI dalam  membentuk karakter disiplin siswa meliputi mengajarkan tertib dalam belajar, memberikan contoh dan teladan yang baik dan  memberikan sanksi bagi siswa yang melanggar. Adapun faktor  yaitu faktor pendukung, adanya kontrol dari  Kepala Sekolah  secara  langsung dan aktif, dan peran guru yang aktif. Faktor penghambat, meliputi faktor keluarga,   suasana  rumah,  keadaan ekonomi keluarga, pemahaman tentang teknologi, jarak antara sekolah dengan rumah yang agak serta faktor lingkungan  yang kurang kesadaran akan kedisiplinan.
ASSESSING CSR PRACTICES IN INDIA'S POWER SECTOR: A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION
Authors:   University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India., Sharma Yogesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices within India's power sector. The study aims to analyze the extent, effectiveness, and impact of CSR activities undertaken by major power companies, focusing on sustainability, community development, and environmental stewardship. Through a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative case studies and quantitative data analysis, the research highlights best practices, identifies gaps, and offers recommendations for enhancing CSR initiatives. The findings suggest that while there is a growing commitment to CSR in the power sector, challenges such as inconsistent implementation and inadequate stakeholder engagement persist. This paper contributes to the discourse on CSR by providing actionable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academics interested in promoting responsible business practices in the energy sector.
Bàn về phát triển ngân hàng xanh ở Việt Nam hiện nayNguyễn Thị Hồng Minh
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Hồng Minh
Published: May 2024

Green banking is a concept used to refer to the way of providing and characterizing banking services aimed at supporting activities that have a positive impact on the environment, such as reducing carbon emissions, saving natural resources, and promoting sustainable development. Developing green banking is a topic that attracts special attention in Vietnam, as the world is promoting investment activities for sustainable development and environmental protection. This paper presented the current development of green banking in Vietnam and pointed out difficulties and challenges. Based on the paper’s findings, some solutions were proposed to facilitate the development of green banking in Vietnam
Eksil Banten dan Terbentuknya Komunitas Muslim di Minahasa Abad XIX
Authors: Kembuan Roger Allan Christian
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the socio-cultural life and development of the exiled Muslim community from Banten in the Minahasa Residency, which was a location for exile in line with the Dutch colonial government's policy of placing exiles from Banten in the Manado (Minahasa) Residency throughout the 19th century. The historical method used in this research is by using the 19th century Colonial Archives stored in the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia, travel reports, and local sources, especially manuscripts kept by their descendants in Tomohon and Minahasa. The findings in this research are: First, who are the figures from Banten who were exiled in Minahasa. Second, the reason Minahasa was chosen as the location of exile for the Dutch Colonial Government. Third, the form of adaptation carried out by the exiled community in Sarongsong village, Minahasa, Java. fourth, what is the relationship between Islam and Christianity after the arrival of exiles from Banten in Manado and Minahasa.
Financial Practices among Foundation University Employees: Basis for Financial Plan
Authors: Paghasian Mariel Fe
Published: May 2024

As an integral component of the university's wellness initiatives, a financial wellness program is designed to support and enhance the financial health of the employees. In order to improve and strengthen this, this study was conducted to identify the level of financial practices of Foundation University employees and how they correlate with their extent of investments. Data from 191 regular and full-time probationary employees from Foundation University were collected via a descriptive-correlational study using a validated questionnaire. Percent, weighted mean, multiple linear regression analysis, Kruskall Wallis Test, and MannWhitney U test were used by the researcher to treat the data. The study revealed that the majority of the employees demonstrate strong financial practices in managing their income, such as budgeting, tracking expenses, and avoiding debt. Nevertheless, there is room for improvement in terms of establishing emergency funds among a minority of employees. It was also found that employees demonstrate strong expenditure and savings practices. In terms of investment, it was revealed that employees engage in thorough research and assess risks before making decisions. They generally agree on regularly reviewing the returns on their investments, investing in bank products, and seeking advice from financial advisors to a moderate extent. Furthermore, it was found that their investment behavior is considered prudent and sound. A positive correlation between positive financial practices and higher investment levels was also manifested. Recommendations include establishing a financial clinic wherein they will offer workshops, training, and sessions focused on financial literacy topics, as well as inviting financial experts to assist employees in crafting their financial plans. Moreover, organizing a cooperative among employees is also recommended.
Survey on BlockChain Methodology and Agile Technology
Authors: Tooba Jalal  , Safdar Sibghatullah
Published: May 2024

Blockchain innovations are acquiring a huge force over the most recent couple of years. Blockchains are appropriated records that empower parties who do not completely trust each other to keep a bunch of worldwide states.
Blockchain, as a decentralized and circulated public record innovation in distributed organizations, has gotten impressive consideration recently. It applies a connected block structure to check and store information and applies the believed agreement component to synchronize changes in the information, which makes it conceivable to make a digital platform for putting away and sharing information.
Blockchain innovation can automate installment in cryptocurrency and give admittance to a common record of information, exchanges, and logs in a decentralized and confided way. Additionally, with smart contracts, blockchain can administer communications among members with no mediator or a confided-in outsider. On the other hand
Agile techniques are progressively utilized for the improvement of programming projects. These techniques are adaptable to acknowledge future changes during the existence of programming advancement. Programming improvement and support contrast in a few significant regards.
So in this review paper we find the way in which blockchain technology in agile methodology
Investigation of the stress–strain state of a composite blade in ANSYS WorkBench
Authors: Filippova Kseniya Anatol'evna , Ayusheev Tumen Vladimirovich , Damdinova Tatiana Tsybikovna , Tsidipov Tsibik Tsirendorzhievich
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the static strength of a UAV blade made of composite material was calculated. Composite materials have an advantage over traditional materials (metals and alloys) in the field of aviation – gain in weight, low sensitivity to damage, high rigidity, high mechanical characteristics. At the same time, the identification of vulnerabilities in a layered structure is a difficult task and in practice is solved with the help of destructive control. Composite materials available in the ANSYS materials library were used in the modeling: Epoxy Carbon Woven (230 Gpa) Prepreg woven carbon fiber in the form of a semi–finished prepreg impregnated with epoxy resin carbon fiber with Young's modulus E=230 GPa and Epoxy Carbon (230 Gpa) Prepreg is a unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg impregnated with epoxy resin with a Young's modulus E=230 GPa. Modern software products, such as ANSYS WorkBench, allow comprehensive investigation of the layered structure. Several variants of blade designs with different fillers as the median material were investigated. The forward and reverse destruction criteria based on the Tsai-Hill theory were used. The influence of gravity was not taken into account. It is shown that the developed blade design meets the requirements. Balsa wood, pine, aspen and polyurethane foam were chosen as the middle material of the blade. Pine and aspen wood were selected according to the criteria of their availability and having the lowest density. The materials library of the ANSYS WorkBench software package used does not have characteristics for all of them, so the characteristics of the selected materials (pines and aspens) were added manually. For modeling and calculations in the ANSYS WorkBench program, such characteristics as density, axial elastic modulus, Poisson's coefficients, shear modulus and tensile and compressive strength limits are required.
Befunolol as a potential inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase: an in silico approach
Authors: Nadavapalli Pavani , Nadavapalli Padmini , Bojja Kavya Sritha , Gawli Kavishankar
Published: May 2024

Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is a rate-limiting allosteric enzyme in the glycogenolysis pathway that contributes to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hence, researchers consider GP a validated target to treat T2D. Commercial antidiabetic drugs are effective but have undesirable effects. Our search for a safer drug led us to investigate a potential GP inhibitor that could modulate blood glucose levels with minimal or no side effects. Herein, we report seven structural analogs of the reference compound N-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl amine (NBG) (analog of D-glucose) targeting the active site of human liver GPa (PDB ID: 1FC0). In silico molecular docking studies were conducted to predict GPa-ligand interactions. We analyzed drug-likeness and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) parameters using AutoDock 4.2, Discovery Studio, SwissADME, ProTox-II, and ADMETlab web tools. Among all compounds, befunolol (−8.83 kcal/mol) exhibited the highest affinity than NBG (−6.20 kcal/mol) for the binding pocket of GPa and inferred a good pharmacokinetic profile. Toxicological endpoint prediction analysis showed befunolol as a non-hERG blocker and non-carcinogenic with a drug score (0.95) higher than NBG (0.30) and an LD50 value of 922 mg/kg. A molecular dynamics simulation of befunolol and NBG for 100 ns using Schrödinger software revealed the stability of protein-ligand complexes. Overall, our findings suggest that befunolol could represent a potential therapeutic drug candidate worth exploring in cell-based and pre-clinical studies.
Analysis of structural response characteristics of a bidirectional separated electromagnetic coil drive device
Authors: Cong Yuan-Tao , Wang Qiu-Liang , Cheng Jun-Sheng , Xiong Ling , Sun Jian ,   Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: May 2024

In order to alleviate the common problems of skeleton fracture and failure in traditional propulsion systems, the insulation degradation and structural instability existing in integrated drive structures during operation are investigated in this work. By using stress-strain calculations of a typical integrated drive structure and voltage-withstanding discharge tests after acceleration experiments, key factors are identified, and it is believed that the tensile stress inside the driving structure is one of the reasons for structural instability. Owing to the electromagnetic force acting on the coil, the integrated driving structure exhibits high tensile stress and strain on the inner wall and interphase partition, accompanied by significant deformation, which is not conducive to the overall structural stability. Based on the above calculation results, a novel modular drive structure with bidirectional separation is proposed, which can realize the radial separation between the phase partition and the skeleton inner cylinder, as well as axial separation between different driving coils. Finite element simulation analysis is conducted to evaluate its acceleration performance and structural response during operation. The results indicate that under the same excitation conditions, the new driving structure greatly reduces the interaction between the coil and the inner wall during operation, so the stress-strain on the inner wall of the new driving structure is much smaller than that of the integrated structure. The maximum deformation decreases from approximately 10–2 m in the integrated structure to about 10–5 m to 10–6 m in the new design. These findings emphasize the potential of new structure to improve reliability while ensuring propulsion performance, providing valuable insights for optimizing electromagnetic coil drive structures. For this new structure, there will be plans to conduct high-pressure propulsion experiments in the future to verify its reliability.
Absolute calibration method of electron cyclotron emission imaging system on EAST tokamak
Authors: Pei Bo-Yang , Zhuang Ge , Xie Jin-Lin , Zhou Yi-Nan ,   School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: May 2024

Electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) system can provide the poloidal two-dimensional (2D) relative electron temperature perturbation profile of the core plasma with high spatial and temporal resolution. After absolute calibration of ECEI system, 2D absolute electron temperature profile and its perturbation can be provided. It can provide experimental data support for studying the local heat transport and the evolution of magnetic surface of macro magneto-hydro-dynamics instability. However, due to a large number of measurement channels and the wide measuring area of ECEI diagnostic system, the absolute calibration method in which a blackbody radiation source is used as a standard source, still has technical difficulties.

This paper provides an absolute calibration method of ECEI diagnostic system on EAST tokamak, which can cover all the channels of ECEI system. Firstly, the sawtooth inversion surface can be determined by measuring the relative electron temperature change before and after the collapse of the sawtooth. The magnetic surface position and the shape (\begin{document}${S_{{\text{inv}}}}$\end{document}) of the ECEI measuring area are fitted based on the position and shape of the inversion surface. Then, the one-to-one mapping relationship between laboratory coordinates of each ECEI channel and magnetic surface is obtained. Secondly, according to the assumption that the electron temperature is the same on each magnetic surface in equilibrium, the electron temperature of each magnetic surface is fitted by the electron cyclotron emission (ECE) system result, while the ECE system is absolutely calibrated. The calibration coefficient k(i, j) of each ECEI channel is obtained by comparing with the signal amplitude and the electron temperature on the magnetic surface. The relative error of absolute electron temperature between ECEI and ECE is no more than 6% at the same location.

Based on the absolute electron temperature profile provided by ECEI, the motion of the magnetic axis during sawtooth instability can be tracked. It is found that the radial displacement of the magnetic axis occurs followed by the poloidal displacement during sawtooth collapse. This result indicates that after absolute calibration, the ECEI system can provide more abundant information about experimental research.
Biological Activity of Different Alkaloid Chemotypes of Galanthus elwesii and Galanthus nivalis
Authors: Sidjimova Boriana , Georgiev Borislav , Nikolova Milena , Yankova-Tsvetkova Elina , Denev Rumen , Berkov Strahil
Published: May 2024

The discovery of natural sources of biologically active compounds is crucial to medicine, organic farming, plant science, etc. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids are unique compounds of plant origin with a wide variety of biological and pharmacological properties. In the present study, six different chemotypes of Galanthus populations of Bulgarian origin were used for the isolation of alkaloid extracts. The alkaloid extracts were analyzed by GC--MS, and their capability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, Lolium perenne seed germination and root elongation was assessed. In total, 73 alkaloids of 8 main structural types were detected. Tazettine and lycorine types were predominant in G. nivalis samples, whereas tyramine, lycorine, homolycorine and galanthamine types were most abundant among G. elwesii samples. Sample GE2110, containing 74% galanthamine type alkaloids, achieved the strongest inhibition on acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 1.32 ± 0.09 μg/mL), but also the weakest inhibition on seed germination (8 ± 5%}) and root elongation (43 ± 17%). Sample GN028A, containing 51% tazettine type alkaloids, was established as the best overall extract, with a strong inhibition on acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 21.86 ± 1.59 μg/mL), L. perenne seed germination (75 ± 16%) and root elongation (99 ± 1%). Plant species rich in these alkaloids could be the base of a novel biocidal agent against pests and weeds.
Exogenic Relief-forming Processes in the Azerbaijani Part of Greater Caucasus
Authors: Mardanov Ilham , Tarikhazer Stara , Karimova Elina , Kuchinskaya Irina
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the results of various studies conducted in the highlands of the Azerbaijani part of the Main Caucasus and the Lateral Ridges of the Greater Caucasus, utilizing materials from field surveys and the interpretation of satellite images. These findings, in conjunction with an analysis of previous research, allowed for the characterization of highland natural conditions, the identification of highly degraded mountain landscape areas, and the determination of optimal strategies for preserving the natural environment.
Exploring the Impact of Potential, Ammonium Fluoride Concentration, and Anodization Time on the Structure, Surface Characteristics, and Corrosion Resistance of Nanotubular Titanium Oxide Coatings on Biomedical Alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI
Authors: Veselinov Deyan
Published: May 2024

The current research delves into assessing the impact of applied potential, ammonium fluoride concentration, and anodization duration on the structural, phase compositional, microhardness, and surface roughness attributes of nanotubular titanium oxide coatings on anodized Ti-6Al-4V ELI. A meticulous experimental design was executed to systematically investigate the varied effects of these factors. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) unveiled the presence of well-defined titania nanotubes on the surfaces of the anodized specimens. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis discerned the composition of the nanotubular oxide layer, revealing the presence of both anatase and a mixture of anatase and rutile phases contingent upon the anodization parameters. Notably, surface microhardness, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance manifested noticeable variations in response to alterations in applied voltage, NH4F concentration, and anodization duration within the designated experimental ranges.
Colour Perception in Camper Van Interior Design Using Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Stoykov Dinko
Published: May 2024

Virtual reality (VR) technology has been developing progressively and rapidly in the past decades. VR technology is used to create 3D models of rooms and spaces, which can be used to create more accurate and detailed designs. Colours used in interior design have the ability to create specific moods, create harmony, and change the perception of how large or small a space may look or feel. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of virtual reality technology in the interior design of a camper van considering the role of colour perception. We aim to determine the effect of colour on the interior design creating professional-looking 3D camper van layout. The results show that any non-professional in 3D design can design a functional and comfortable living space in the camper van using Vanspace 3D software. It was found that light colours and shades create the feeling of space, light, comfort and cosiness. When choosing colours for the interior design of a small limited space, as is the case with a camper van, it is advisable to combine warm earth colours, white and beige colours.
Helicobacter pylori Growth and Urease Inhibition by Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Extract: a Pilot Study
Authors: Boyanova Lyudmila , Kamburov Victor , Kandilarov Nayden , Medeiros José , Hadzhiyski Petyo , Gergova Raina , Markovska Rumyana
Published: May 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of three cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) ethanol solutions on Helicobacter pylori growth and urease activity. We included numerous clinical Helicobacter pylori isolates and three methods: agar well diffusion method (AWDM), disk diffusion method (DDM) and urease inhibition test (UIT). The results were expressed as differences in inhibitory zone diameters (AWDM and DDM) or urease inhibition duration (UIT) by cranberry solutions compared to the ethanol control. AWDM showed that 400, 40 and 4 mg/l cranberry extracts inhibited the growth of 82.1, 57.1 and 42.8% of the isolates, respectively, while DDM at the highest cranberry concentration suppressed only 39.3% of the isolates. At 400, 40 and 4 mg/l, cranberry extracts also inhibited urease activity of 63.6, 54.5 and 40.9% isolates within 10 min, but of fewer isolates (18.2, 13.6 and 9.1%, respectively) at the 45th min. Although cranberry activity was dose- and strain-dependent, it affected more than half of the isolates at the two highest concentrations. DDM was less effective in detecting this activity. The cranberry extracts also inhibited the urease activity of H. pylori; however, in most cases, the inhibition was only temporary. Briefly, the high cranberry activity against H. pylori, together with its anti-adhesive, antioxidant, anti-biofilm and anti-cancer properties, justifies its use for prophylaxis or adjunctive treatment of chronic H. pylori infection. Importantly, UIT results suggest the benefit of regular cranberry intake over random intake.
Application of Platelet-rich Fibrin as a Method of Treatment for Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Bulgaria
Authors: Tsolov Rosen , Yordanov Georgi , Medneva Teodora
Published: May 2024

Lately, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has emerged as a common disease due to the increasing use of antiresorptive drugs (intravenous bisphosphonates) for the treatment of oncological and osteoporotic diseases, which at an advanced stage significantly affects the quality of life of patients.
Therefore, new therapies that accelerate the recovery of musculoskeletal tissue have become preferred in the treatment of such diseases in recent years.
An innovative approach, which supports the healing processes is the application of autologous platelet concentrates known as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF).
Platelets are unique blood elements responsible for hemostasis. Activated platelets secrete a large amount of growth factors that initiate regeneration in soft tissues and bones.
PRP is plasma with many more platelets than are usually found in the blood. The concentration of platelets and therefore the concentration of growth factors may be 5–10 times higher (or richer) than usual.
PRF is a biological material, which has the ability to release growth factors over time. Growth factors stimulate stem cells, which improve collagen and elastin in the skin. Platelets in PRF are thought to survive better than those in PRP and thus contribute to faster recovery and formation of new tissue.
Fibrin is a biological scaffold that forms when an injury occurs anywhere in the body. Platelets normally circulate in the blood and bind to the fibrin scaffold. Thus connected, they are activated and release growth factors, which are small “granules”. These growth factors begin the process of wound healing by creating new skin cells, collagen and blood vessels.
The present study is related to the treatment of MRONJ with PRF. It is aimed at researching the attitudes of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Bulgaria regarding the application of innovative medical technology such as PRF in the treatment of MRONJ. An author's questionnaire was developed with the help of which the survey was carried out.
The analysis of the data shows that the interest in PRF in Bulgaria is great, but unfortunately it is rarely applied. However, respondents believe that this is a promising and innovative method in various aspects of surgery.
Melatonin Application Effects on Two Bulgarian Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Katerova Zornitsa , Todorova Dessislava , Brankova Liliana , Sergiev Iskren
Published: May 2024

Wheat is a staple crop for humankind and it is important to have environmentally safe tools to cope with the most important stress factors for agriculture. Melatonin is reported as universal molecule, possessing plant growth regulating properties and various important functions, including its usage as biostimulant against stress factors in plants. We aimed to investigate if melatonin application could cause unexpected adverse effects in two Bulgarian wheat cultivars (Fermer and Gines). The assessment of the content of selected stress markers such as malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage and free proline, together with phenotype characteristics distinctly showed that 75 μ M melatonin supplementation via roots does not cause deterioration of plant physiology responses in tested Bulgarian wheat cultivars.
Soil Degradation due to Long-term Citrus Cultivation in the Upper Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Phuong Nguyen , Nguyen Ho
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the impact of tree age on soil properties in citrus orchards in the upper Vietnamese Mekong Delta province, examining orchards of four age groups (<10, 10–20, 21–30, and over 30 years) at two soil depths (0–20 cm and 20–50 cm). Findings indicate notable variations in soil physicochemical properties with age and depth. In older orchards (over 20 years), bulk density increased and soil pH decreased, with overall low pH values (3.5–5.0) observed. Electrical conductivity remained consistent across all ages. Key nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), soil organic carbon (SOC), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) generally decreased with the age of the orchards. These trends were consistent across both soil layers. The study highlights the influence of prolonged cultivation on soil health and provides insights for developing strategies to enhance productivity and sustain agricultural practices in citrus orchards.
Learnings and Reflections on Transition to New Competency-based Medical Education, MBBS curriculum in Microbiology: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Date Vidya Sanjay , Lakhani Sucheta Jitendra , Pandya Himani Bhardwaj , Bhalodia Nidhi Mihir
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Conventional teaching in microbiology revolved around the study of microorganisms without clinical relevance. Therefore, a New Competency-based Undergraduate (UG) Medical curriculum (New CBME) was rolled out in the academic year 2019 to make Indian Medical Graduates more clinically competent yet globally relevant. Aim: To assess the impact of the change in curriculum on students’ performance and desired educational outcomes before and after the implementation of the new curriculum. Likewise, the study aimed to analyse the experiences and reflections of medical teachers towards these amendments. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 82 students from the second year Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) with a traditional curriculum and 74 with the new Competency-based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum at the Department of Microbiology, Smt. B.K. Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, between February 2020 and November 2021. In both batches, topics from core as well as non core areas of various systems were included along with the Attitude, Ethics and Communication (AETCOM) modules. A comparison of both groups was done, and Chisquare values and p-values were calculated. Results: The batch with the new CBME curriculum was able to provide a provisional diagnosis for a case-based question better than the Traditional batch {n=60/74 (81%) vs n=44/82 (54%), p-value=0.0005, significant}. However, the correct aetiology, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis were written better in the traditional batch compared to the new one, n=44/82 (54%) vs n=24/74 (32%). Regarding the AETCOM skills, the new batch had a better understanding of proper communication and ethics, i.e., 73/74 (99%), p-value<0.00001, Significant, while 66/82 students (80%) of the traditional batch and 67/74 (90%) of the new batch were aware of confidentiality issues. In viva voce, the new batch showed a lot of confusion regarding the names, types of micro-organisms, and the laboratory diagnosis of diseases caused by them compared to the traditional batch (p-value <0.00156, significant). Conclusion: After implementing the new CBME curriculum to undergraduate students and analysing the feedback of teachers and the performance of students, it was felt that an appraisal of the new curriculum is required for a satisfactory outcome in microbiology so that microbiology content can be incorporated with clinical relevance.
Psychiatric Morbidity and Assessment of its Severity in Gynaecologic Oncology Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Meena NM , Sangeetha S Jennifer , Ganes T Amirthamani
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Several psychological and social factors influence the incidence, treatment, and outcome of cancer patients. Depressive symptoms are more common in cancer patients, particularly in late stages. Women in Indian settings often exhibit delayed treatment-seeking behaviour. Aim: To assess the prevalence, type, and severity of psychiatric morbidity as well as the duration, type, and stage of illness in gynaecological oncology patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 gynaecological oncology patients aged 18 to 65 years, who were attending the gynaecologic Outpatient Department (OPD) and ward at a tertiary care hospital. The study took place at Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, between May 2013 and November 2013. Data was collected using a semistructured questionnaire from the patient and a reliable informant, after obtaining informed consent. The data was entered into Microsoft Excel and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Central values, dispersion, and Chi-square tests were calculated. Results: The sample comprised 100 gynaecological oncology patients, with 30 (30%) diagnosed with malignancy, 43 (43%) with a benign condition, and 27 (27%) under investigation. Among the 100 patients assessed, 34 (34%) had psychiatric morbidity. There was a significantly higher prevalence among older patients, those with more than six months’ duration of gynaecological morbidity, and those exhibiting non fatal suicidal behaviour. Conclusion: Psychiatric morbidity is highly prevalent in gynaecological oncology patients. Depression was found to be more frequent and severe in patients with cancer. A previous history of suicidal attempts and a family history of psychiatric illness are important predictors of psychiatric morbidity in this population. Future studies on a larger population should explore the biological relationship between gynaecological oncology and psychiatric illness.
Effectiveness of Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Catheter Drainage for Pancreatic Fluid Collections: An Interventional Study
Authors: Hussain Ameer , Faizal Afwaan , Raj Vishnu
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Pancreatic Fluid Collections (PFCs) are accumulations of pancreatic fluid or debris contained within a granulation tissue wall. Unlike true cysts, they arise as complications of various conditions like acute pancreatitis, abdominal trauma, pancreatic surgery, or chronic pancreatic duct obstruction. While smaller PFCs (under 4 cm) often resolve on their own without intervention, larger collections exceeding 6 cm or those causing symptoms like infection or bile duct obstruction have significantly lower rates of spontaneous resolution. In such cases, drainage intervention is typically recommended. Aim: To assess the treatment effectiveness of Percutaneous Catheter Drainage (PCD) for PFCs using ultrasound guidance. Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from September 2021 to August 2022. The study focused on patients (N=73) with PFC as a complication of acute pancreatitis necessitating ultrasound-guided PCD. The study outcomes were clinical effectiveness, reinterventions, and mortality rates. Additionally, authors investigated the impact of various drainage factors, such as indication, PFC type, location relative to the pancreas, PFC size, Modified Computed Tomography (CT) Severity Index (CTSI), duration between symptom onset and PCD initiation, total catheter dwell time, and duration between symptom onset and reintervention. Statistical analyses employed International Business Machine (IBM) Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test for continuous variables; Chi-square test for categorical data (p<0.05). Results: In present study, the mean age of the subjects was 47 years. PCD in terms of clinical success was 63% (n=46) and clinical failure was 37% (n=27). Open necrosectomy was performed on 15 patients (20.5%) and open cystogastrostomy was performed on 11 patients (15.1%). Conclusion: The utilisation of ultrasound-guided PCD for PFCs represents a technique associated with relatively low morbidity and mortality rates. This approach can serve as either definitive treatment or a transitional measure before resorting to open surgery.
A Case of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Fourth Metacarpal Bone: A Rare Entity at Unusual Location
Authors: Singh Ajit Kumar , Mohanty Madhusmita , Senapati Urmila
Published: May 2024

An Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) is a locally aggressive, rapidly growing, rare benign bone tumour that typically occurs in children and early adulthood. It usually occurs in the first and second decades of life, with a female predominance. The long bones of the lower extremities and spine are common sites for ABC, with rare involvement of the small bones of the hand. An 18-year-old female presented to the hospital with progressive swelling over her left hand for 4 to 5 months, associated with pain. Local examination elicits pain and tenderness over the 4th metacarpal bone with restricted movement at the Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. A histopathological diagnosis of ABC was made due to the presence of osteoclastic giant cells lining a cyst, along with areas showing a pool of haemorrhage and stromal cells. The postoperative period remained uneventful, with no complaints of pain and good healing of the operation site noted during follow-up. Metacarpal bones are rare sites for ABCs.
Effect of Bambara Groundnut Flour (Vigna subterranea) Inclusion on the Functional, Pasting, Physical and Proximate Properties of Composite Cassava-bambara Flour
Authors: J.P. Alimi, , A.A. Akanni, , B.S. Odutola, , E. J. Akande, , P. B. Haruna, , R. Q. Adegbola, , L. O. Sanni, , S. O. Okunade,
Published: May 2024

This study evaluated the effect of Bambara groundnut flour inclusion on the functional, pasting, physical properties and proximate compositions of composite flour (CF) from cassava and Bambara groundnut. Cassava variety (IITA-TMS-IBA011368) and Bambara groundnut were processed into flour and blended together based on D-Optimal mixture design with an outcome of eight experimental samples using Design Expert Software (Version 12.0). The flour blends were analyzed for functional, pasting, physical properties (color), baking strength and proximate composition. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance and means were separated using Ducan’s Multiple Range Test. Range of results for bulk density, water absorption capacity, swelling index, solubility index and oil absorption capacity of the composite flour are 0.64-0.80g/mL, 0.38-1.37%, 0.77-0.91%, 6.00-8.65, 1.58-2.97, respectively. The peak viscosity, trough, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, peak time and pasting temperature ranged from 162.84±2.09 to 426.50±1.83 RVU, 77.96±2.71 to 195.59±8.91 RVU, 84.88±0.63 to 234.75±5.58 RVU, 158.92±4.34 to 293.17±1.34 RVU, 76.88±18.04 to 101.42±5.08 RVU, 4.10±0.03 to 5.93±0.00 min and 75.05±0.05 to 94.78±0.38 oC, respectively. The baking strength characteristics of the flour blends such as moisture, ash, color, wet gluten, zenleny dry protein and wet protein ranged from 11.55 to 12.55%, 0.50 to 1.25%, 88.65 to 90.55, 8.35 to 13.80, -2.35 to 41.25, 4.92 to 13.85% and 4.53 to 11.99 %, respectively. Moisture, ash, fibre, fat, protein and carbohydrate of the composite flour ranged from 7.57 to 11.87%, 0.42 to 2.40 %, 1.78 to 3.00%, 2.81 to 5.62%, 8.42 to 12.68% and 67.61 to75.99%, respectively. Flour lightness, redness and yellowness ranged from 33.22 to 54.10, -2.89 to-1.14, 5.94 to 9.35, respectively. The inclusion of Bambara groundnut flour had a significant effect on the functional (swelling index, water and oil absorption capacity), pasting (peak, trough and final viscosity) and proximate (ash, fat and carbohydrate) properties of the flour blends.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antitussive Activity of Asthpadose, a Phytomedicine used in the Treatment of Asthma in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Léonce Baibo Guy , Bognan Ackah Jacques Auguste Alfred , Raoul Brahima Kouame Koffi , Guillaume Yaye Yapi , Pacôme Obouayeba Abba
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The aim of this study is to contribute to the valorisation of an anti- asthmatic phytomedicine (Asthpadose) traditionally used in Côte d'Ivoire.
Aims: Evalute antiasthma’s activity of the aqueous extract of Asthpadose (EAA) was.
Methodology: The antiasthma’s activity of the aqueous extract of Asthpadose (EAA) was evaluated by the determining of its anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan oedema induction method. This anti-asthmatic activity was also evaluated by its antitussive action on the frequency of cough induced in rats exposed to liquid ammonia.
Results: The results revealed that EAA showed a very significant strong anti- inflammatory activity with an oedema inhibition rate ranging from 34.29% to 70.9 5%. This activity was much better than that of diclofenac sodium (a reference molecule against inflammation) with an oedema inhibition rate ranging from 12.24% to 58.39%. As for its antitussive activity, the results also showed good antitussive activity of the extract. EAA presented a cough inhibition rate of 74.22% compared to 58.76% for dextrometaphan which is also a reference molecule against cough.
Conclusion: This observed activity could therefore justify the use of Asthpadose in the treatment of asthma which is a disease manifested by inflammation and cough. In view of the very promising results of this study, it would therefore be necessary to continue studies on this phytomedicine to understand its mechanism of action on asthma.
Enhancing Crop Saline Stress Tolerance and Soil Remediation with Phytobeneficial Bacteria: Diverse Approaches for Improvement
Authors: Divyashree  , Deepasree A. , Shivananda T. L. , K Fidha Husna
Published: May 2024

Soil salinity, a pervasive issue exacerbated by factors like irrigation and climate change, poses a significant threat to global food security. The accumulation of salts not only hampers crop growth and yield but also jeopardizes the livelihoods of millions who depend on agriculture for sustenance. Elevated salt levels in saline soils induce osmotic, ionic, oxidative, and water stress in plants. Implementing biological solutions offers the most dependable and sustainable method to safeguard food security while reducing reliance on agrochemicals which hampers various physiological and metabolic processes in plants. To ensure optimal plant growth under such changing conditions, Implementing biological solutions (Rhizobacteria) offers the most dependable and sustainable method to safeguard food security while reducing reliance on agrochemicals must be integrated into agricultural practices. This chapter concisely explores the mechanisms and utilization of beneficial microorganisms in both plants and soil to mitigate salt stress. It also addresses the current limitations and suggests potential areas for improvement in future research.