bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguistics Landscapes: Commercial Outdoor Sign in Kuta Bali
Authors: Mulyawan I Wayan
Published: April 2017

The focus of this study is to elicit and identified the occurrence of Commercial outdoor sign in Kuta. Kuta as an international tourist destination, undoubtedly highly influence by the force of globalizations. One of the effects is the occurrence of many outdoor sign in Main Street of Kuta. These sign are the representation of a new means of communication in Kuta. Through these sign, society manages to communicate their service and product to foreigners and local tourist. The study showed that from 1132 outdoor signs found, there are 70,32% are Commercial signs and 29,68% are Non-Commercial signs. As for Commercial signs, it is almost equally occurred between Commercial Service which sales services (30,48%) and Commercial Product which sales goods/products (39,84%).
The Personal is Political: A Comparative Study of Contemporary Chinese and American Confessional Poetry
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong
Published: April 2017

This article looks into the making of a Chinese confessional poetics, especially of a discourse of women's poetry, in interaction with American confessional poetry, as a cross-cultural literary construct. I am arguing that both Chinese and American confessional poetry feature both as aesthetic categories in particular intracultural and intercultural contexts and as manifestations of personal politics. American and Chinese confessional poetry can indeed be read as a showcase of politicized self-expression at odds with established powers. The author is particularly interested in how the confessional discourse relates to the acts of self-positioning, self-defining, self-articulating, and self-interpreting and in how these Chinese and American confessional poets wrestle with politics to carve out a discursive space of their own, on the margins of the sociopolitical domain.
Los Retos de la Infectología en Honduras
Authors: Romero Reyes Luis Enrique
Published: April 2017

No hay resumenActa Pediátrica Hondureña, Vol. 6, No. 2 /octubre 2015 a marzo 2016: 457
Esclerosis Tuberosa
Authors: López Flores Linda Julissa , Caballero Castro Héctor Rubén
Published: April 2017

No hay ResumenActa Pediátrica Hondureña, Vol. 6, No. 2 /octubre 2015 a marzo 2016: 493
Papilomatosis laríngea recurrente. Reporte de caso
Authors: Arriola López Agueda , Castro Hernández Efraín
Published: April 2017

La papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente es una enfermedad infrecuente de la vía aérea que afecta a niños y adultos, es causada por los serotipos 6 y 11 del virus papiloma humano. La enfermedad tiene un curso impredecible y ha sido reportada la extensión pulmonar y la transformación maligna. Es un tumor benigno manifestado como masas exofíticas, ramificadas y pediculadas sésiles de coloración rojizo o rosa con una superficie fina lobulada que se puede presentar en forma única o múltiple y su crecimiento puede provocar obstrucción de la vía aérea. Un pequeño porcentaje (2%) puede malignizarse, transformándose en carcinoma de células escamosas, sobre todo en los casos con diseminación broncopulmonar y frecuentes recidivas.Se presenta el caso de un preescolar de 3 años de edad con historia de presentar disfonía de 1 año de evolución y disnea de 7 días de predominio nocturno, se le realiza laringoscopia en la que se observa papilomatosis en espacio glótico con reducción del 95% de la luz, por lo que se le practica microcirugía laríngea más resección de papiloma. La biopsia reportó mucosa laríngea tapizada por epitelio escamoso estratificado maduro con formaciones coilocíticas en sus estratos superiores sin signos de malignidad.Acta Pediátrica Hondureña, Vol. 6, No. 2 /octubre 2015 a marzo 2016: 495-498
Conflicto Iglesia-Estado por el establecimiento de escuelas parroquiales en El Salvador (1891-1893)
Authors: Valdés Valle Roberto Armando
Published: April 2017

No hay resúmenes disponibles
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.135, 2013: 69-93
Ser extranjero en Centroamérica. Génesis y evolución de las leyes de extranjería y migración en El Salvador: siglos XIX y XX
Authors: Gómez Moisés
Published: April 2017

El autor analiza la génesis y evolución del concepto "extranjero" y con ello problematiza la ideología detrás de los derechos humanos de los migrantes. Estudia el cambio ideológico que sufre el concepto de extranjero tanto en el siglo XIX así como en el siglo XXRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.135, 2013: 117-151
Absolutism in Religion and Global Peace: Boko-Haram Factor in Nigeria and Its Educational Imperatives
Authors: Shaaba Muhammad Mann
Published: April 2017

Nigeria, hitherto regarded as a relatively peaceful country at least in terms of terrorism, became a globally notablecountry with high incidence of religious violence and outright terrorism. This paper discussed Boko-haram as theNigerian terrorist group that started from a small local group in Borno State of the country and grew into aninternational terrorist body that was found to be among the deadliest in the world. The group’s exclusively claim toabsolute truth about Islam made it to strongly believe in its ideas. It also motivated the members to sacrifice theirlives for violent propagation of Islam and hatred for western education. In order to prevent future terrorism,education was not only seen as imperative, but as the most enduring solution. Such education, according to the papershould involve classroom teaching that is organized on the basis of Harmony Education which emphasize theprinciples of understanding and appreciating whatever is presented to a learner before accepting or rejecting itrationally in a way that tolerates people with different views.
Escola de Música do Estado do Maranhão - Emem: um estudo de caso histórico-organizacional para a proposição de ações administrativas
Authors: Zorzal Ricieri Carlini , Ferreira Ana Neuza Araújo
Published: April 2017

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo propor ações no âmbito da gestão escolar em uma instituição pública de ensino de música em nível fundamental e médio que possam incidir sobre índice de evasão identificado nessa instituição. Para tanto, elegeu-se a Escola de Música do Estado do Maranhão - Emem - como objeto de estudo e adotou-se o estudo de caso histórico-organizacional com viés quali-quantitativo como abordagem metodológica. Dessa forma, procedeu-se a uma pesquisa documental, a gravação em áudio de entrevistas conduzidas junto ao corpo docente e ao corpo técnico-administrativo, bem como a aplicação de um questionário junto ao corpo discente da instituição. Por fim, elencam-se sugestões de ações no âmbito da gestão escolar em três dimensões: a relação administrativa com as instâncias superiores decisões no âmbito do colegiado acadêmico e ações no campo pedagógico.Palavras-chave: Escola de Música do Estado do Maranhão, estudo de caso histórico-organizacional, gestão escolar.
Susan J. Wendel and David M. Miller, Eds. Torah Ethics and Early Christian Identity
Authors: DesRosiers Nathaniel
Published: April 2017

No abstract is available.
Migrações Portugal/Brasil e reconhecimento de estudos: trajetórias de vida de imigrantes
Authors: Dudeque Pianovski Vieira Alboni Marisa
Published: April 2017

Em todos os tempos, por diversas razões, os homens saíram de sua terra de origem, sozinhos ou em grupos, buscando novos desafios e oportunidades. Na formação do Brasil, foi decisiva a vinda de portugueses e africanos que, unindo-se aos indígenas e a gentes de várias regiões do mundo, contribuíram para a constituição da nação brasileira. Sabe-se que a imigração portuguesa foi uma constante na história do Brasil. Na segunda metade do século XX, apesar do declínio no processo migratório, ainda havia portugueses vindo ao Brasil e se instalando, dentre outros lugares, em Curitiba. O que esperavam encontrar e o que encontravam na terra escolhida? Alguns deles esperavam poder continuar a estudar no Brasil, mas os estudos realizados em Portugal não eram considerados. Isso dificultava e, não raro, impedia a continuidade na formação. Partindo desses pressupostos, a pesquisa tem por objetivo discutir a questão do reconhecimento, no Brasil, da escolaridade adquirida em Portugal, pelos imigrantes portugueses vindos a Curitiba na segunda metade do século XX. Para reconstruir o período, a metodologia empregada foi a história oral, na modalidade história de vida, numa perspectiva interdisciplinar. Colaboraram com as entrevistas imigrantes portugueses radicados em Curitiba. Discutidos e interpretados os dados coletados, os resultados evidenciaram não só as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos estrangeiros quanto ao reconhecimento dos estudos realizados fora do país, como também as alternativas buscadas por eles para superar essa dificuldade.
Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Perceived Stress, and Fetal Growth
Authors: Grobman William A. , Wing Deborah A. , Albert Paul , Kim Sungduk , Grewal Jagteshwar , Guille Constance , Newman Roger , Chien Edward K. , Owen John , D'Alton Mary E. , Wapner Ronald , Sciscione Anthony , Grantz Katherine L.
Published: April 2017

Objectives

To determine whether longitudinal fetal growth is altered among pregnant women reporting greater perceived stress or more symptoms of depression.

Methods

This analysis was based on a multicenter longitudinal study of fetal growth. Women were screened at gestational ages of 8 weeks to 13 weeks 6 days for low‐risk status and underwent serial sonographic examinations. At each study visit during pregnancy, women were asked to complete the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Survey (EPDS). Growth curves for estimated fetal weight and individual biometric parameters were created by using linear mixed models with cubic splines and compared on the basis of whether women scored 15 or higher on the PSS or 10 or higher on the EPDS either at the start of or at any time during pregnancy.

Results

Of the 2334 women enrolled in the study, 2088 (89%) and 2108 (90%) completed the PSS and EPDS, respectively, at least once in all trimesters. The longitudinal growth curves of estimated fetal weight as well as all individual biometric parameters were similar (P > .05) regardless of whether the participants reported PSS of 15 or higher or EPDS of 10 or higher in the first trimester or whether these scores persisted throughout the pregnancy. Similarly, effect modification by race/ethnicity was not statistically significant for the biometric parameters under study (P > .05 for all race/ethnicity interactions).

Conclusions

More depressive symptoms and greater perceived stress, as quantified by the EPDS and the PSS, respectively, are not associated with alterations in fetal growth throughout gestation.
The Great Cold Spot in Jupiter's upper atmosphere
Authors: Stallard Tom S. , Melin Henrik , Miller Steve , Moore Luke , O'Donoghue James , Connerney John E. P. , Satoh Takehiko , West Robert A. , Thayer Jeffrey P. , Hsu Vicki W. , Johnson Rosie E.
Published: April 2017

Past observations and modeling of Jupiter's thermosphere have, due to their limited resolution, suggested that heat generated by the aurora near the poles results in a smooth thermal gradient away from these aurorae, indicating a quiescent and diffuse flow of energy within the subauroral thermosphere. Here we discuss Very Large Telescope‐Cryogenic High‐Resolution IR Echelle Spectrometer observations that reveal a small‐scale localized cooling of ~200 K within the nonauroral thermosphere. Using Infrared Telescope Facility NSFCam images, this feature is revealed to be quasi‐stable over at least a 15 year period, fixed in magnetic latitude and longitude. The size and shape of this “Great Cold Spot” vary significantly with time, strongly suggesting that it is produced by an aurorally generated weather system: the first direct evidence of a long‐term thermospheric vortex in the solar system. We discuss the implications of this spot, comparing it with short‐term temperature and density variations at Earth.
Noble gas signatures in the Island of Maui, Hawaii: Characterizing groundwater sources in fractured systems
Authors: Niu Yi , Castro M. Clara , Hall Chris M. , Gingerich Stephen B. , Scholl Martha A. , Warrier Rohit B.
Published: April 2017

Uneven distribution of rainfall and freshwater scarcity in populated areas in the Island of Maui, Hawaii, renders water resources management a challenge in this complex and ill‐defined hydrological system. A previous study in the Galapagos Islands suggests that noble gas temperatures (NGTs) record seasonality in that fractured, rapid infiltration groundwater system rather than the commonly observed mean annual air temperature (MAAT) in sedimentary systems where infiltration is slower thus, providing information on recharge sources and potential flow paths. Here we report noble gas results from the basal aquifer, springs, and rainwater in Maui to explore the potential for noble gases in characterizing this type of complex fractured hydrologic systems. Most samples display a mass‐dependent depletion pattern with respect to surface conditions consistent with previous observations both in the Galapagos Islands and Michigan rainwater. Basal aquifer and rainwater noble gas patterns are similar and suggest direct, fast recharge from precipitation to the basal aquifer. In contrast, multiple springs, representative of perched aquifers, display highly variable noble gas concentrations suggesting recharge from a variety of sources. The distinct noble gas patterns for the basal aquifer and springs suggest that basal and perched aquifers are separate entities. Maui rainwater displays high apparent NGTs, incompatible with surface conditions, pointing either to an origin at high altitudes with the presence of ice or an ice‐like source of undetermined origin. Overall, noble gas signatures in Maui reflect the source of recharge rather than the expected altitude/temperature relationship commonly observed in sedimentary systems.
Unique, non‐Earthlike, meteoritic ion behavior in upper atmosphere of Mars
Authors: Grebowsky J. M. , Benna M. , Plane J. M. C. , Collinson G. A. , Mahaffy P. R. , Jakosky B. M.
Published: April 2017

Interplanetary dust particles have long been expected to produce permanent ionospheric metal ion layers at Mars, as on Earth, but the two environments are so different that uncertainty existed as to whether terrestrial‐established understanding would apply to Mars. The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission made the first in situ detection of the continuous presence of Na+, Mg+, and Fe+ at Mars and indeed revealed non‐Earthlike features/processes. There is no separation of the light Mg+ and the heavy Fe+ with increasing altitude as expected for gravity control. The metal ions are well‐mixed with the neutral atmosphere at altitudes where no mixing process is expected. Isolated metal ion layers mimicking Earth's sporadic E layers occur despite the lack of a strong magnetic field as required at Earth. Further, the metal ion distributions are coherent enough to always show atmospheric gravity wave signatures. All features and processes are unique to Mars.
Racial Disparities in Juvenile Justice Processing
Authors: DeLone Miriam A. , DeLone Gregory J.
Published: April 2017

Reviewing the juvenile justice processing reveals a confusing pattern of under‐ and overrepresentation of youth by race (and ethnicity). These patterns are reviewed at multiple stages. Decision‐making influences are discussed to differentiate patterns of differential offending by race/ethnicity of juveniles and differential enforcement by race/ethnicity of juveniles. Descriptive data and multivariate research studies are reviewed to identify future theoretical directions. These efforts are limited by the lack of comprehensive national data sets on juvenile justice processing.
Analysis of Geometrical and Process‐Related Parameters on the Impregnation Quality of Advanced Cellular Composites
Authors: Weißenborn Oliver , Geller Sirko , Gude Maik
Published: April 2017

Based on the well‐established polyurethane (PUR) spray coat method, an integral manufacturing process is developed to simultaneously create textile‐reinforced top and bottom layers as well as the cellular core in one single production step for advanced sandwich structures. Since the foaming matrix impregnates the textile layers during expansion and also serves as core material in the final part, these sandwich elements are connected cohesively with each other. Within this paper, impregnation studies are conducted to evaluate the influence of process parameters, such as mold temperature and dwelling time of the foam matrix, as well as part geometry and foam density on the local yarn impregnation. Evaluation of cell morphology is performed by measuring the cell size distribution inside impregnated yarns.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Dealloyed AuNi Nanodendrite as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Borohydride Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Wang Jiali , Chen Fuyi , Jin Yachao , Lei Yimin , Johnston Roy L.
Published: April 2017

A novel one‐pot approach for synthesizing the dealloyed nanomaterials at room temperature is introduced for the first time. In such a synthetic strategy, applying modulated potentials effectively simplifies the traditional dealloying route, which usually requires additional corrosion process to dissolve nonprecious metals. The dealloyed AuNi nanodendrites (AuNi NDs) with tunable composition and uniformly elemental distribution are well developed by the one‐pot strategy. Impressively, the as‐synthesized AuNi NDs exhibit a higher electrochemically active area and definite improvements in electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR) compared to the commercial Pt/C. In particular, the AuNi NDs are 81 mV more positive in half‐wave potential and about 3.1 times higher in specific activity (at 0.85 V) for the ORR than Pt/C, together with excellent stability and methanol tolerance. The superior BOR activity is highly promising compared to the previously reported catalysts. The unique nanodendritic structure with Au‐rich surface and bimetallic electronic effect is the main factor to greatly enhance the bifunctional catalytic performance for the AuNi NDs. Furthermore, such a newly developed facile method is of great significance because it is one of the first examples to effectively engineer dealloyed bimetallic nanostructures via the practical and low‐cost route for electrocatalytic applications.
Achieving Large‐Area Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by Introducing an Interfacial Compatibilizer
Authors: Lee Jinho , Kang Hongkyu , Kim Geunjin , Back Hyungcheol , Kim Junghwan , Hong Soonil , Park Byoungwook , Lee Eunhag , Lee Kwanghee
Published: April 2017

Despite the recent unprecedented increase in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of small‐area devices (≤0.1 cm2), the PCEs deteriorate drastically for PSCs of larger areas because of the incomplete film coverage caused by the dewetting of the hydrophilic perovskite precursor solutions on the hydrophobic organic charge‐transport layers (CTLs). Here, an innovative method of fabricating scalable PSCs on all types of organic CTLs is reported. By introducing an amphiphilic conjugated polyelectrolyte as an interfacial compatibilizer, fabricating uniform perovskite films on large‐area substrates (18.4 cm2) and PSCs with the total active area of 6 cm2 (1 cm2 × 6 unit cells) via a single‐turn solution process is successfully demonstrated. All of the unit cells exhibit highly uniform PCEs of 16.1 ± 0.9% (best PCE of 17%), which is the highest value for printable PSCs with a total active area larger than 1 cm2.
Cations in Octahedral Sites: A Descriptor for Oxygen Electrocatalysis on Transition‐Metal Spinels
Authors: Wei Chao , Feng Zhenxing , Scherer Günther G. , Barber James , Shao‐Horn Yang , Xu Zhichuan J.
Published: April 2017

Exploring efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) is critical for developing renewable energy technologies such as fuel cells, metal–air batteries, and water electrolyzers. A rational design of a catalyst can be guided by identifying descriptors that determine its activity. Here, a descriptor study on the ORR/OER of spinel oxides is presented. With a series of MnCo2O4, the Mn in octahedral sites is identified as an active site. This finding is then applied to successfully explain the ORR/OER activities of other transition‐metal spinels, including MnxCo3−xO4 (x = 2, 2.5, 3), LixMn2O4 (x = 0.7, 1), XCo2O4 (X = Co, Ni, Zn), and XFe2O4 (X = Mn, Co, Ni). A general principle is concluded that the eg occupancy of the active cation in the octahedral site is the activity descriptor for the ORR/OER of spinels, consolidating the role of electron orbital filling in metal oxide catalysis.
High‐Brightness Blue and White LEDs based on Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals and their Composites
Authors: Yao En‐Ping , Yang Zhanlue , Meng Lei , Sun Pengyu , Dong Shiqi , Yang Ye , Yang Yang
Published: April 2017

Inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have been employed universally in light‐emitting applications during the past two years. Here, blue‐emission (≈470 nm) Cs‐based perovskite NCs are derived by directly mixing synthesized bromide and chloride nanocrystals with a weight ratio of 2:1. High‐brightness blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are obtained by controlling the grain size of the perovskite films. Moreover, a white PeLED is demonstrated for the first time by blending orange polymer materials with the blue perovskite nanocrystals as the active layer. Exciton transfer from the blue nanocrystals to the orange polymers via Förster or Dexter energy transfer is analyzed through time resolved photoluminescence. By tuning the ratio between the perovskite nanocrystals and polymers, pure white light is achieved with the a CIE coordinate at (0.33,0.34).
High‐Performance Long‐Term‐Stable Dopant‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells and Additive‐Free Organic Solar Cells by Employing Newly Designed Multirole π‐Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Kranthiraja Kakaraparthi , Gunasekar Kumarasamy , Kim Hyunji , Cho An‐Na , Park Nam‐Gyu , Kim Seonha , Kim Bumjoon J. , Nishikubo Ryosuke , Saeki Akinori , Song Myungkwan , Jin Sung‐Ho
Published: April 2017

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and organic solar cells (OSCs) are promising renewable light‐harvesting technologies with high performance, but the utilization of hazardous dopants and high boiling additives is harmful to all forms of life and the environment. Herein, new multirole π‐conjugated polymers (P1–P3) are developed via a rational design approach through theoretical hindsight, further successfully subjecting them into dopant‐free PSCs as hole‐transporting materials and additive‐free OSCs as photoactive donors, respectively. Especially, P3‐based PSCs and OSCs not only show high power conversion efficiencies of 17.28% and 8.26%, but also display an excellent ambient stability up to 30 d (for PSCs only), owing to their inherent superior optoelectronic properties in their pristine form. Overall, the rational approach promises to support the development of environmentally and economically sustainable PSCs and OSCs.
Ultrathin and Wearable Microtubular Epidermal Sensor for Real‐Time Physiological Pulse Monitoring
Authors: Xi Wang , Yeo Joo Chuan , Yu Longteng , Zhang Shuai , Lim Chwee Teck
Published: April 2017

A flexible, stretchable, soft, and ultrathin wearable microtubular sensor that is highly sensitive to mechanical perturbations is developed. The sensor comprises a unique architecture consisting of a liquid‐state conductive element core within a soft silicone elastomer microtube. The microtubular sensor can distinguish forces as small as 5 mN and possesses a high force sensitivity of 68 N−1. The microtubular sensor occupies a tiny footprint of 120 µm in diameter, approximately the cross‐section of a strand of hair. Superior sensing capabilities of the sensor are reported to detect perturbations from pulsatile air flows and demonstrate its applicability in continuous and imperceptible real‐time monitoring of arterial pulse waves.
Electronic Quality Improvement of Highly Defective Quasi‐Mono Silicon Material by Phosphorus Diffusion Gettering
Authors: Liu Zhengjun , Vähänissi Ville , Laine Hannu S. , Lindeberg Morten , Yli‐Koski Marko , Savin Hele
Published: April 2017

Quasi‐mono silicon (QM‐Si) attracts interest as a substrate material for silicon device processing with the promise to yield single‐crystalline silicon quality with multicrystalline silicon cost. A significant barrier to widespread implementation of QM‐Si is ingot edge‐contamination caused by the seed material and crucible walls during crystal growth. This work aims to recover the scrap material in QM‐Si manufacturing with a process easily adaptable to semiconductor device manufacturing. A phosphorus diffusion process at 870 °C for 60 min significantly improves the electronic quality of a QM‐Si wafer cut from a contaminated edge brick. The harmonic minority carrier recombination lifetime of the wafer, a key predictor of ultimate device performance, experiences a tenfold increase from 17 to 178 µs, which makes the scrap QM‐Si material usable for device fabrication. Local areas with suboptimal (<50 µs) lifetimes remaining can be further improved by a high temperature anneal before the phosphorus diffusion process.
Highly Conductive Stretchable All‐Plastic Electrodes Using a Novel Dipping‐Embedded Transfer Method for High‐Performance Wearable Sensors and Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Fan Xi , Xu Bingang , Wang Naixiang , Wang Jinzhao , Liu Shenghua , Wang Hao , Yan Feng
Published: April 2017

Conducting polymer (CP) is a key component of wearable, flexible, and semitransparent electronics. As a classic CP, highly conductive PEDOT:PSS has been achieved on glass via strong acid treatments. However, it is a great challenge to realize highly conductive stretchable films of PEDOT:PSS, due to limits of strong acid treatments and poor intrinsic stretchability of as‐cast films. Herein, a highly conductive stretchable all‐plastic electrode of CP embedded into PDMS elastomers (PEDOT:PSS–PDMS) via a dipping‐embedded transfer method is reported. The method enables large‐area PEDOT:PSS films that are transferred from quartz to PDMS. The PEDOT:PSS–PDMS films have high conductivity of 2890 S cm−1 and an enhanced stretchability of 20% strain. Underlying mechanisms of high yield of the large‐area productions, high conductivity, and improved stretchability are investigated. Furthermore, two types of devices including wearable strain sensors and semitransparent organic solar cells (OSCs) are fabricated using the films. The wearable sensors show high gauge factor of ≈22 under 20% strain and the OSCs exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 3.75% and 3.46% when lights are illuminated from PDMS and indium tin oxide, respectively.
Preemptive dynamic operation of cryogenic air separation units
Authors: Cao Yanan , Swartz Christopher L.E. , Flores‐Cerrillo Jesus
Published: April 2017

As markets become more competitive and dynamic, manufacturing plants are undergoing transitions toward flexible, agile, and low costs operations. Appropriate coordination within the supply chain is an important factor in manufacturing systems' performance. In this study, the impact of preemptive control action in advance of an upcoming demand change on the economic performance of a cryogenic air separation unit is investigated. The effects of various factors are explored through optimization formulations utilizing a high‐fidelity collocation based dynamic process model. This includes the amount of lead time, choice of manipulated inputs, direction of demand change, and liquid product market conditions. Plant performance is evaluated and analyzed through a comprehensive multipart case study. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3845–3859, 2017
Novel MCA/ID syndrome with ASH1L mutation
Authors: Okamoto Nobuhiko , Miya Fuyuki , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko , Kato Mitsuhiro , Saitoh Shinji , Yamasaki Mami , Kanemura Yonehiro , Kosaki Kenjiro
Published: April 2017

We identified a novel mutation in ASH1L in a patient with severe intellectual disability, growth failure, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, myelination delay, and skeletal abnormalities. ASH1L is a histone methyltransferase that associates with the transcribed region of all active genes examined, including Hox genes. It catalyzes H3K36 methylation and plays important roles in development. There has been increasing evidence that heterozygous mutation of ASH1L is associated with ID and autism spectrum disorders. We suggest that ASH1L abnormalities may cause a novel MCA/ID syndrome.
Familial cases and male cases with MECP2 mutations
Authors: Zhang Qingping , Zhao Ying , Bao Xinhua , Luo Jinjun , Zhang Xiaoying , Li Jiarui , Wei Liping , Wu Xiru
Published: April 2017

This is the first report of Chinese familial cases with Rett syndrome (RTT) or X‐linked mental retardation (XLMR). RTT is a neurodevelopmental disorder that almost exclusively affects females. Most RTT cases are sporadic. We have studied eight cases with MECP2 mutations in six Chinese families, including three females and five males with RTT or XLMR. All shared identical MECP2 mutations with their mothers. The three females fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for RTT, while the five males were XLMR. A random X‐chromosome inactive (XCI) pattern was seen in all the three female patients and two mothers while a skewed XCI in the rest four mothers. The clinical manifestations and pathogenic gene spectrum between male and female patients were different. The different MECP2 mutations and different XCI pattern may be the determinants of the phenotypic heterogeneity between the family members.
Copper‐Mediated Late‐Stage Functionalization of Heterocycle‐Containing Molecules
Authors: Shang Ming , Wang Ming‐Ming , Saint‐Denis Tyler G. , Li Ming‐Hong , Dai Hui‐Xiong , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: April 2017

One long‐standing issue in directed C−H functionalization is that either nitrogen or sulfur atoms present in heterocyclic substrates may bind preferentially to a transition‐metal catalyst rather than to the desired directing group. This competitive binding has largely hindered the application of C−H functionalization in late‐stage heterocycle drug discovery. Reported here is the use of an oxazoline‐based directing group capable of overriding the poisoning effect of a wide range of heterocycle substrates. The potential use of this directing group in pharmaceutical drug discovery is illustrated by diversification of Telmisartan (an antagonist for the angiotensin II receptor) through copper‐mediated C−H amination, hydroxylation, thiolation, arylation, and trifluoromethylation.
Efficient Gene Transfection through Inhibition of β‐Sheet (Amyloid Fiber) Formation of a Short Amphiphilic Peptide by Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Jana Poulami , Samanta Krishnananda , Bäcker Sandra , Zellermann Elio , Knauer Shirley , Schmuck Carsten
Published: April 2017

The effect of citrate‐stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the secondary structure of an artificial β‐sheet‐forming cationic peptide has been studied. The AuNPs inhibited β‐sheet formation and led to fragmented fibrils and spherical oligomers with assembled AuNPs on their surface. Besides this structural change, the functional properties of the peptide are also different. Whereas the peptide was unable to act as a vector for gene delivery, formation of a complex with AuNPs allowed successful gene delivery into cells.
Preparation of Selenoinsulin as a Long‐Lasting Insulin Analogue
Authors: Arai Kenta , Takei Toshiki , Okumura Masaki , Watanabe Satoshi , Amagai Yuta , Asahina Yuya , Moroder Luis , Hojo Hironobu , Inaba Kenji , Iwaoka Michio
Published: April 2017

Synthetic insulin analogues with a long lifetime are current drug targets for the therapy of diabetic patients. The replacement of the interchain disulfide with a diselenide bridge, which is more resistant to reduction and internal bond rotation, can enhance the lifetime of insulin in the presence of the insulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE) without impairing the hormonal function. The [C7UA,C7UB] variant of bovine pancreatic insulin (BPIns) was successfully prepared by using two selenocysteine peptides (i.e., the C7U analogues of A‐ and B‐chains, respectively). In a buffer solution at pH 10 they spontaneously assembled under thermodynamic control to the correct insulin fold. The selenoinsulin (Se‐Ins) exhibited a bioactivity comparable to that of BPIns. Interestingly, degradation of Se‐Ins with IDE was significantly decelerated (τ1/2≈8 h vs. ≈1 h for BPIns). The lifetime enhancement could be due to both the intrinsic stability of the diselenide bond and local conformational changes induced by the substitution.
Distinguishing Individual DNA Bases in a Network by Non‐Resonant Tip‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Xianbiao , Wang Huifang , Zhang Yao , Jiang Song , Hu Chunrui , Zhang Yang , Luo Yi , Dong Zhenchao
Published: April 2017

The importance of identifying DNA bases at the single‐molecule level is well recognized for many biological applications. Although such identification can be achieved by electrical measurements using special setups, it is still not possible to identify single bases in real space by optical means owing to the diffraction limit. Herein, we demonstrate the outstanding ability of scanning tunneling microscope (STM)‐controlled non‐resonant tip‐enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) to unambiguously distinguish two individual complementary DNA bases (adenine and thymine) with a spatial resolution down to 0.9 nm. The distinct Raman fingerprints identified for the two molecules allow to differentiate in real space individual DNA bases in coupled base pairs. The demonstrated ability of non‐resonant Raman scattering with super‐high spatial resolution will significantly extend the applicability of TERS, opening up new routes for single‐molecule DNA sequencing.
Copper‐Mediated Decarboxylative Coupling of Benzamides with ortho‐Nitrobenzoic Acids by Directed C−H Cleavage
Authors: Takamatsu Kazutaka , Hirano Koji , Miura Masahiro
Published: April 2017

A copper‐mediated decarboxylative coupling of benzamides with ortho‐nitrobenzoic acids by 8‐aminoquinoline‐directed C−H cleavage has been developed. This reaction proceeds smoothly with only a copper salt to produce the corresponding biaryl compounds in good yields. The products can be easily transformed into various nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds. Moreover, the combination of copper and a suitable base promotes a decarboxylative C−H arylation and cyclization sequence to deliver phenanthridinone derivatives in one pot.
A green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles by Sapindus mukorossi seed extract and use in efficient room temperature Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction
Authors: Borah Raju Kumar , Mahanta Abhijit , Dutta Anurag , Bora Utpal , Thakur Ashim J.
Published: April 2017

A simple and green method for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of Sapindus mukorossi seed has been demonstrated. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, powxder X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The nanocatalyst was successfully utilized in an efficient Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction at room temperature.
Systemized organic functional group controls in polydiacetylenes and their effects on color changes
Authors: Han Narae , Woo Hyeon Ji , Kim Se Eun , Jung Suyeon , Shin Min Jae , Kim Min , Shin Jae Sup
Published: April 2017

A variety of organic functional groups have been successfully installed into polydiacetylenes (PDAs) and applied to the color change‐controlled system of PDA sensors. Ten diacetylene compounds possessing different functionalities and lengths were systemically synthesized and fully characterized using spectroscopic methods. The polymerized vesicle solution with these compounds showed different temperatures required to induce a color change (from blue to red) depending on the functionalities installed on 10,12‐pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) molecules. In addition, the results reported here reveal that the intermolecular interactions of PCDA molecules and the intermolecular distance play a key role to the color of PDA system. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45011.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel [1,2,4]Triazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]‐triazines and Pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazines as Potential Antidiabetic Agents
Authors: Rusinov Vladimir L. , Sapozhnikova Irina M. , Bliznik Anastasiya M. , Chupakhin Oleg N. , Charushin Valery N. , Spasov Alexander A. , Vassiliev Pavel M. , Kuznetsova Valentina A. , Rashchenko Andrey I. , Babkov Denis A.
Published: April 2017

Inhibition of the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) enzyme activity and prevention of advanced glycation end (AGE) products formation represents a reliable approach to achieve control over hyperglycemia and the associated pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. In the frames of this research study, several triazolo‐ and pyrazolotriazines were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of AGE products formation, DPP4, glycogen phosphorylase and α‐glucosidase activities, as well as AGE cross‐link breakers. From the two considered classes of heterocyclic compounds, the pyrazolotriazines showed the highest potency as antiglycating agents and DPP4 inhibitors. Structure–activity relationships (SAR) for these compounds, which can be considered as potential drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, were evaluated.
Catalytic Systems for the Cross‐Linking of Organosilicon Polymers
Authors: Wang Dengxu , Klein Johann , Mejía Esteban
Published: April 2017

Silicones and silicone rubbers are omnipresent in household and industrial products such as lubricants, coatings, sealants, insulators, medical devices, etc. This plethora of applications arises from their unparalleled properties including hydrophobicity, low surface energy, chemical inertness, extreme temperature stability, elasticity, and biocompatibility. Even though silicones have been known for more than five decades, their chemistry is still far from fully understood. Industrially, the vast majority of processes for their synthesis, transformation, and use are based on rather well established, alas outdated technologies, which are frequently empirical and poorly investigated. This review attempts to summarize the different approaches for the synthesis of silicone rubbers by vulcanization or curing of silicone polymers, the catalysts used, and the corresponding reaction mechanisms. Apart from the well‐known methods (radical, hydrosilylation, and metal‐based condensation), novel approaches such as organo‐ and bio‐catalysis are also addressed.
An empirical Bayes approach to network recovery using external knowledge
Authors: Kpogbezan Gino B. , van der Vaart Aad W. , van Wieringen Wessel N. , Leday Gwenaël G. R. , van de Wiel Mark A.
Published: April 2017

Reconstruction of a high‐dimensional network may benefit substantially from the inclusion of prior knowledge on the network topology. In the case of gene interaction networks such knowledge may come for instance from pathway repositories like KEGG, or be inferred from data of a pilot study. The Bayesian framework provides a natural means of including such prior knowledge. Based on a Bayesian Simultaneous Equation Model, we develop an appealing Empirical Bayes (EB) procedure that automatically assesses the agreement of the used prior knowledge with the data at hand. We use variational Bayes method for posterior densities approximation and compare its accuracy with that of Gibbs sampling strategy. Our method is computationally fast, and can outperform known competitors. In a simulation study, we show that accurate prior data can greatly improve the reconstruction of the network, but need not harm the reconstruction if wrong. We demonstrate the benefits of the method in an analysis of gene expression data from GEO. In particular, the edges of the recovered network have superior reproducibility (compared to that of competitors) over resampled versions of the data.
Comparative study of therapeutic antibody candidates derived from mini‐pool and clonal cell lines
Authors: Fan Lianchun , Rizzi Giovanni , Bierilo Kathleen , Tian Jun , Yee Joon Chong , Russell Reb , Das Tapan K
Published: April 2017

The long journey of developing a drug from initial discovery target identification to regulatory approval often leaves many patients with missed window of opportunities. Both regulatory agencies and biopharmaceutical industry continue to develop creative approaches to shorten the time of new drug development in order to deliver life‐saving medicine to patients. Generally, drug substance materials to support the toxicology and early phase clinical study can only be manufactured after creating the final Master Cell Bank (MCB) of the clonally derived cell line, which normally takes 1–2 years. With recent advances in cell line development, cell culture process and analytical technologies, generating more homogeneous bulk/mini‐pool population with higher productivity and acceptable quality attributes has become a norm, thereby making it possible to shorten the timeline to initiate First in Human (FIH) trial by using bulk/mini‐pool generated materials to support toxicology and FIH studies. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies of different subclasses (IgG1 and IgG4) were expressed from the mini‐pool cells as well as clonally derived cell lines generated from the same mini‐pool. Cell growth, productivity, and product quality were compared between the materials generated from the mini‐pool and clonally derived cell line. The results demonstrate the similarity of the antibody products generated from mini‐pool cells and clonally derived cell lines from the same mini‐pool, and strongly support the concept and feasibility of using antibody materials produced from mini‐pool cultures for toxicology and FIH studies. The strategy to potentially shorten the FIH timeline is discussed. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1456–1462, 2017
Residues at a Single Site Differentiate Animal Cryptochromes from Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Photolyases by Affecting the Proteins' Preferences for Reduced FAD
Authors: Xu Lei , Wen Bin , Wang Yuan , Tian Changqing , Wu Mingcai , Zhu Guoping
Published: April 2017

Cryptochromes (CRYs) and photolyases belong to the cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF). Reduced FAD is essential for photolyases to photorepair UV‐induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) or 6–4 photoproducts in DNA. In Drosophila CRY (dCRY, a type I animal CRY), FAD is converted to the anionic radical but not to the reduced state upon illumination, which might induce a conformational change in the protein to relay the light signal downstream. To explore the foundation of these differences, multiple sequence alignment of 650 CPF protein sequences was performed. We identified a site facing FAD (Ala377 in Escherichia coli CPD photolyase and Val415 in dCRY), hereafter referred to as “site 377”, that was distinctly conserved across these sequences: CPD photolyases often had Ala, Ser, or Asn at this site, whereas animal CRYs had Ile, Leu, or Val. The binding affinity for reduced FAD, but not the photorepair activity of E. coli photolyase, was dramatically impaired when replacing Ala377 with any of the three CRY residues. Conversely, in V415S and V415N mutants of dCRY, FAD was photoreduced to its fully reduced state after prolonged illumination, and light‐dependent conformational changes of these mutants were severely inhibited. We speculate that the residues at site 377 play a key role in the different preferences of CPF proteins for reduced FAD, which differentiate animal CRYs from CPD photolyases.
On rotational ambiguity in parallel profiles with linear dependencies
Authors: Omidikia Nematollah , Kompany‐Zareh Mohsen , Rajkó Róbert , Abdollahi Hamid
Published: April 2017

Several curve resolution techniques have been developed to analyze higher‐order data structures, among which one can name parallel profiles with linear dependencies (PARALIND). The PARALIND is a variant of the Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) to cope with linear dependencies. Applying a PARAFAC model with different random initializations to a noisy three‐way data with linearly dependent loadings always converges to a best‐fitted noisy solution. Since PARAFAC maximally fits the noise part of the data, rank‐deficiency is broken, and it causes a noise‐induced unique decomposition. The uniqueness due to the presence of noise in rank‐deficient cases is an artificial phenomenon called “surface uniqueness.” The PARALIND model causes non‐uniqueness to be revealed, ie, it leads to a different set of profiles in each run. However, it might not give us all the possible solutions. Therefore, there is still a demand for determining all and every possible solution. The aim of this paper is 3‐fold: (1) A method is developed for determining feasible regions using the PARALIND model. (2) The surface uniqueness phenomenon is clarified. (3) The effect of interaction matrices in PARALIND as an active constraint is emphasized and discussed in detail using simulated noisy and noise‐free two‐ and three‐component data arrays.
Highly Soluble p‐Terphenyl and Fluorene Derivatives as Efficient Dopants in Plastic Scintillators for Sensitive Nuclear Material Detection
Authors: Yemam Henok A. , Mahl Adam , Tinkham Jonathan S. , Koubek Joshua T. , Greife Uwe , Sellinger Alan
Published: April 2017

Plastic scintillators are commonly used as first‐line detectors for special nuclear materials. Current state‐of‐the‐art plastic scintillators based on poly(vinyltoluene) (PVT) matrices containing high loadings (>15.0 wt %) of 2,5‐diphenyloxazole (PPO) offer neutron signal discrimination in gamma radiation background (termed pulse shape discrimination, PSD), however, they suffer from poor mechanical properties. In this work, a series of p‐terphenyl and fluorene derivatives were synthesized and tested as dopants in PVT based plastic scintillators as possible alternatives to PPO to address the mechanical property issue and to study the PSD mechanism. The derivatives were synthesized from low cost starting materials in high yields using simple chemistry. The photophysical and thermal properties were investigated for their influence on radiation sensitivity/detection performance, and mechanical stability. A direct correlation was found between the melting point of the dopants and the subsequent mechanical properties of the PVT based plastic scintillators. For example, select fluorene derivatives used as dopants produced scintillator samples with mechanical properties exceeding those of the commercial PPO‐based scintillators while producing acceptable PSD capabilities. The physical properties of the synthesized dopants were also investigated to examine their effect on the final scintillator samples. Planar derivatives of fluorene were found to be highly soluble in PVT matrices with little to no aggregation induced effects.