bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of high-frequency cyclic loading on mechanical and structural characteristics of rail steel under extreme conditions
Authors: Loktev A A , Korolev V V , Gridasova E A
Published: December 2019

In this paper topical issues of change of a microstructure and microhardness in steel at high-frequency vibration influence which is observed in technological pipelines, connected to the pump and compressor equipment. To study the micro-structures of samples after influence of high-frequency loading, the authors used optical microscopy and microhardness testing. Relevant and timely is the task of modelling and subsequent design and construction of railways, taking into account a wide range of geometric and mechanical characteristics, which is most in demand in the construction of artificial structures in the Arctic, due to the large temperature difference and differences in temperature coefficients of materials. The purpose of this work is to study the mechanical and structural characteristics of 40X steel under high-frequency loading conditions. For mechanical and structural studies the authors prepared the samples from a rod of 40X steel with a diameter of 12 mm. The strength properties of steel was evaluated by tension testing, fatigue testing, then structural analysis (metallographic studies) and microhardness testing.
Method of determining electrotechnical characteristics of concrete
Authors: Pogorelov S N , Semenyak G S , Kolmogorova A O
Published: December 2019

The main characteristics of concrete working under the influence of electricity are considered. In this regard, concretes can be divided into two main groups: electrically conductive and electrically insulating. Both of them have the right to exist, as the development of science and technology predetermines their necessity. Various attempts were made to determine the electrotechnical properties of concrete. The article presents a fundamentally new way to study the electrotechnical properties of concrete and mortars: the “voltmeter-ammeter” method. It is proved that the measurement of the specific resistance at frequencies of 1 … 5 kHz should be considered the most appropriate for carrying out the measurements. The experiments showed that this method has the right to exist, and is one of the simplest and does not require expensive equipment.
Computer technology of designing of optimum road constructions made of local materials
Authors: Aleksikov S V , Leskin A I , Gofman D I
Published: December 2019

This article considers the principles of formation and support of the database management system (DBMS) in design of optimum road designs made of local road-building materials. The principle of multilevel representation of information bases, which are connected by relational communications, is the basis for design. Databases contain separate information files on administrative or territorial regions of area or the region, technical parameters of highways, soil and geological conditions and also data on the available road-building materials of the region and their specific expense. Contact between the separate DBMS files is kept constantly by means of the uniform codifier. Management of databases is carried out by the AD application program written in the FoxPro language, allowing one to run for search of optimum roadbed designs depending on the area of construction, technical category of the road and type of soil of a roadbed with their subsequent check on durability.
Strength and stiffness of wood structures for compounds of gang nail plate “Steelcap”
Authors: Isupov S A , Chaganov A B
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to research of strength and stiffness properties of wood structures on a new type of gang nail plates. The relevance of the study is due to the need to meet the requirements of modern design standards SP64.13330.2017 with respect to new types of wood structures. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to determine the estimated carrying capacity and stiffness of joints of wooden structures “Steelcap”. The main method of studying this problem is the analysis of experimental data on the basis of short test compounds with the gang nail plate at the angle of 0°, 45° and 90° the fibers of wood.
On micro-level vulnerability of concrete surface layer in process of crystallization of hydrating Portland cement and upon mechanical load
Authors: Akhmetzyanov F Kh , Radaykin O V , Ibragimov R A
Published: December 2019

The target of this research is to make a system of data on discontinuity of the cement stone microstructure in concrete. To achieve this, the following issues have to be addressed: a) a justification for the presence of dislocations in cement stone and definition of their type needs to be provided; b) the source of the considered material weakness has to be identified; c) an explanation of formation and propagation of micro cracks starting at the surface and going deeper into the concrete needs to be given; d) an educated guess has to be made for the opening/depth ratio of micro cracks; e) information about the distances between micro cracks in the capillary walls of the cement stone should be obtained; e) binding energy in the calcium silicate crystalline hydrate has to be determined. The research results show that the mechanical properties of crystals and polycrystals in the cement stone (concrete) depend on the ratio of small-angle (θ≤10…150) and large-angle boundaries. Due to a relatively small number of large-angle boundaries, intergranular and plastic flow deformations are dampened under straining, resulting in cleavage in the areas where stress-raisers are found (pores, capillaries, submicrocracks, etc.).
On potentiality and practicability of installing flooring suspended in geodesic domes by means of cable system
Authors: Romanovich A , Kleshcunov Y , Vlasov A
Published: December 2019

The article considers the potentiality and practicability of installing flooring suspended in the geodesic domes by means of a cable system. Such design consideration will allow using the interior space of the geodesic domes more rationally and ramp up the rentable area of the building dramatically. The literature review revealed that the question of the possibility of embedding a flooring in a geodesic dome remains unexplored at present. The stress-strain state of the geodesic dome with worked in flooring was studied in the course of the investigation. Further, the authors conducted comparative analysis of the investigated structure with a test version has been carried out. The efficiency of the investigated test model was confirmed. Solutions for the elimination of stress and strain raisers in the model elements were proposed. Reliability of the results of the obtained data for the analysis of the investigated model was ensured by the accuracy of the finite element method. The practical significance of the paper lies in the development of methods for calculating and constructing geodesic domes with the worked in flooring.
Study on characteristics of fatigue strength of ARALL composite in constructive elements
Authors: Adegova L , Frolova V , Losev S
Published: December 2019

Due to Fatigue Testing fatigue life of specimens made of various materials and with various flange types was estimated. Specimens with dish-shaped and ring-shape flanges were tested. Specimens were made of aluminum alloy D16chATV sheets (thickness 1.2 mm) and of ARALL with a thickness of 1.2 mm based on aluminum layers of 0.5 mm thickness. Specimens were tested under 3 levels of cyclic stress: σmax=120, 100, 80 MPa with minimum stress of σmin=20 MPa. Some of ARALL specimens were tested only under σmax=100 MPa stress level. Under each stress level were tested 5 – 6 specimens. According to the results of all specimen tests the authors plotted plotted fatigue curves. Using the Finite Element Method the stress state of specimens during cyclic stress tests was analyzed. Calculations of fatigue life of specimens were made on the basis of the offered method. Full-element and numerical experiments revealed that fatigue resistance of monolithic alloy specimens with dish-shaped flange under all stress levels is higher than of specimens with a ring-shaped flange. ARALL specimens with dish-shaped and ring-shaped flanges both according to test results have a higher fatigue resistance than monolithic alloy specimens.
Influence of pre-stressing over parameters of diagram of static-dynamic deformation of RC elements
Authors: Fedorova N V , Iliushchenko T A
Published: December 2019

The stress-strain state in RC elements of statically indeterminate structural systems under sudden restructuring is considered in this article. The solution of the problem on determining the parameters of a static-dynamic deformation diagram of prestressed RC elements was obtained on the energy basis excluding the structure dynamics instrument the problem. The deformation dependences for the pre-stressed flexural RC element are determined using the diagram method presented in the research of. For the possibility of obtaining an analytical expression of the desired moment convenient for practical application of the construction of the “moment-curvature” diagram for the pre-stressed element is performed using the simplest deformation dependence. The calculation analysis of the deformation of such a structural systems was performed using the level of primary and secondary design models.
Tools development for estimated cost management of construction and assembly works
Authors: Gureev K A , Aftakhova U V , Gladkikh V S
Published: December 2019

In general, construction costs are governed by the federal law № 44-FZ CONCERNING THE PROCUREMENT CONTRACT SYSTEM OF GOODS, WORKS AND SERVICES FOR STATE AND MUNICIPAL NEEDS (in force 05 April 2013) and the federal law №223-FZ CONCERNING THE PROCUREMENT OF GOODS, WORKS AND SERVICES BY SEPARATED TYPES OF ENTITIES (in force 18 July 2011) as well. A method, which is more applicable in practice, and presented in the laws mentioned above – is the calculation of estimated working costs. In order to calculate total costs and economic effects for an enterprise correctly, it is possible to use such tools, as complex estimation, active examination and cost modelling processes. It is important to add specific costs which are peculiar to this particular object into calculation of total costs and effectiveness. Modelling will be applied well for calculation of capital construction cost. A positive economic effect from the application of new methods and approaches is expected due to the accuracy of the cost estimates and cost projections will increase.
Actual aspects of modeling method application in organization of construction management
Authors: Pesotskaya E , Selyutina L , Egorova L
Published: December 2019

The possibility of using the modeling method in the organization of construction management is analyzed in the article. It reveals the specifics of the methodology for forecasting and strategic planning in the investment and construction complex, as well as the principles and methods for implementing a universal expert method applicable to any research tasks. Particular attention is paid to the methodology of engineering forecasting as an analytical tool suitable for use in multi-factor models. The methodological foundations of managing the competitiveness of investment and construction complex subjects and methods for its assessment are studied. The importance of competitive factors and the need to take them into account when developing options of model constructions are also emphasized.
Experimental studies of pneumatic impulse booster when unloading cement from metal tanks
Authors: Burak E E , Zherlykina M N , Vorobyeva Y A
Published: December 2019

The paper is devoted to solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of discharging powdered cement from metal tanks using an air-pulsed booster. The results of research on the experimental facility and the method of transition from them to production tanks, which are most common in mortar-concrete installations and inventory warehouses of cement, are presented. The scheme of the experimental stand developed by the authors is given. The authors obtain experimental dependences of the effectiveness of cement collapse on the power in the system of pulsed air supply and the effectiveness of its collapse on the size of the gap. Further, the paper establishes the nature of the outflow and the formation of cement hang at the bottom of the tank. Based on the results of experimental studies using the similarity theory and dimensional analysis, the parameters of the system of cement collapse in real tanks are determined.
Target focusing of innovation activity in building construction
Authors: Matveeva M V
Published: December 2019

In case of modernizing a building construction complex in overall structure of the national economy, searching and analysis of the problems of a current state of building construction business and determination of innovative development perspectives for that economy sector are important scientific and practical issues. At the same time, designing and including innovations in the building construction area is currently one of the actively developing directions of the scientific and technological activity. The author consider the features characterizing the building construction area as an important factor of innovation technologies introduction. The main cause of lack of innovation is the market structure of the building and construction trade. Companies see no need to initiate innovation programmes; the market structure is not conducive to innovation. Today target focusing of innovation activity in building construction allows the companies to get competitive benefits. Based on this, it’s important to determine the features of project portfolio of an investment and construction sphere for providing proper cooperation with an outside area, supporting a stable growth and ability of restructuring, developing and diversification of business. It will be paramount for construction companies to learn, master and harness these technologies and techniques so that their construction businesses can remain competitive and relevant in the face of an ever-increasing list of demands from clients.
Perfecting technology of winter concreting of cast-in-situ columns
Authors: Imaykin D G , Ibragimov R A , Evstigneeva Yu V
Published: December 2019

The article deals with an analysis of the existing systems of the heating method of reinforced concrete structures. It is demonstrated that, concreting of rectangular columns, the area of angles is characterized by a lower concrete quality than in other areas, which causes extensive damage in indicated zones. To remove the existing limitations, the formwork design for concreting of cast-in-situ columns is offered in the article. It was established that during the removal of column formwork one can often observe palled angles with reinforcement uncovering. Corners are the most vulnerable parts under impact forces or static loads during the exploitation. Repair and restoration of the exterior view and protective properties of concrete in column corners often require using materials or repair methods, which increase the cost of construction. The reasons of concrete lower quality are in the incompact joints of formwork elements and the chilled temperature of concrete hardening. Furthermore, the reason is in low temperature in columns corners. It is the consequence of the deficiency of existing heating systems ignores the irregularity of heating proper emission of the heat and increased heat loss in the corners of the columns.
Modeling and studying basic parameters of tank sets in combined regasification
Authors: Osipova N N , Kuznezov S S , Rulev A V
Published: December 2019

This paper proposes switching tank sets to combined regasification so as to reduce the energy consumption in artificial regasification systems. To that end, a tank set must be equipped with a special valve to sustain a pressure of 0.135 MPa in vapor blankets. This valve will trigger alternating draft of liquid and vapor phases of liquefied petroleum gases so as to maximize the utilization of the natural evaporating capacity of feed tanks.

To make the proposed solution scientifically sound, the research team has developed a mathematical model of combined regasification of liquefied petroleum gases, which integrates the two basic periods of tank-set operation: natural regasification in the feed tank, and artificial gasification in the evaporator. In order to validate the proposed model, a pilot set was used for experimentation. The obtained experimental data correlate well with the numerical output of the proposed model, making it recommendable for engineering practice. Studies show that implementing combined regasification in liquefied gas tanks will considerably reduce the energy costs of evaporating gas, making the liquefied gas supply systems much more energy-efficient and cost-effective.
Sequence of calculation of anisotropic soil foundations on deformation
Authors: Korobova O A , Maksimenko L A , Solovyanova I Yu
Published: December 2019

The article presents the sequence of calculation of ground bases for deformations, taking into account their deformation anisotropy. The calculations were performed by the finite element method using the mathematical planning of the experiment. It is established that after determining the index of the deformation anisotropy of the soil, you can use the results of the numerical experiment and the tables of the coefficients of the soil anisotropy influence, calculate the sediment of the soil base and layers of different thickness by any of the currently existing methods, taking into account their deformation anisotropy. It was revealed that the nature of the deformation anisotropy of the studied soil types is different. With an increase in the compressive load, the values of α increase, and with an increase in α value, the values of the sediment of the foundations increase as well. Taking into account the natural anisotropy of soils makes it possible to more reasonably prescribe the dimensions of the base of the foundations and determine their draft, and in some cases obtain a noticeable economic effect.
Parameters of strength and deformability of ash and slag mixture of Ekibastuz coals
Authors: Dolgih G V , Ignatov V F , Utkin V A
Published: December 2019

The article assesses the possibility of using ash and slag mixture for the construction of a road bed. To this end, the traditional and modern methods of calculation of road surfaces are analyzed, which allow establishing the parameters of strength and deformability that require experimental determination. Experimental determination of strength and deformability parameters is performed by laboratory tests. For the implementation of tests the authors make samples of ash and slag mixture of different density. During the experiments, the metal stamp is pressed into the model and the experimental dependences of the sediment on the pressure are determined. This makes it possible to calculate the California Bearing Ratio, the deformation modulus, and to establish the pressures at which the mixture of ash and slag operates under compaction or shear conditions. Mathematical models are developed to calculate the parameters of strength and deformability from the value of pressure.
Experience in determining viscosity of soil on the basis of experimental studies
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan A Z , Ermoshina L Yu
Published: December 2019

Modern construction is developing at enormous speed, which leads to the need for more in-depth study of the physical and mechanical properties of soils in general, and clay soils in particular, in order to make rational use of their natural properties in the construction and design of foundations, foundations and soil structures. In this regard, recently, special attention has been paid to the study of the rheological properties of soils. One of the main rheological parameters of the soil is its viscosity. To determine the coefficient of viscosity of the soil in this study, a simple shear device was used. An artificially created sandy loam consisting of fine quartz sand (60% by weight) and clay particles (40% by weight) was adopted as the test soil. In the course of the study, characteristic graphs of the dependence of tangential stresses on shear deformation at different test speeds were obtained. Also, taking the Newton equation as a basis, the average value of the soil viscosity coefficient was determined for each shear rate.
Research methods for seismoacoustic monitoring of large underground facilities
Authors: Davlatshoev S K , Yatimov T A , Yatimov U A
Published: December 2019

Large underground mine workings of hydropower facilities created in complex engineering-geological and seismic conditions significantly differ from industrial underground facilities designed for different purpose in their construction, operation and operating conditions. This makes it extremely urgent to organize seismic-acoustic monitoring in order to ensure their safe and reliable operation and prediction of the status of the underground circuit. The solution of this problem requires the improvement of methods and techniques for field observations of the operation of underground structures during construction and operation. In this paper, we formulate the basic principles of the organization of seismic-acoustic monitoring of the rock mass state that contain mine workings. We propose system of seismic-acoustic monitoring of a complex of underground structures, for example, the underground circuit of the Rogun HPP, which is under construction. The paper presents the field observation technique using seismoacoustic methods: seismic transmission and profiling, seismic well logging, acoustic emission method for concrete and boreholes, dynamic response method for assessing the quality of concrete-rock contact, ultrasonic well logging, ultrasonic studies of rock samples and concrete structures. Effective qualitative and quantitative parameters have been determined, which make it possible to assess the degree of change in physical parameters in the internal parts of rock massifs that occurs under the influence of natural and technogenic factors. This is done in order to assess ultimate strain levels and to find indicators of the critical state of the geological environment in problem areas.
Comfort of affordable housing in Russia. Analysis of current approaches in architectural theory
Authors: Vavilova T Ya
Published: December 2019

The differentiation of Russian society, which was a consequence of the market relations development, served as a driver for diversification of approaches to housing design. The segment of affordable housing occupies a particular place. The paper is devoted to the analysis of researches, which were carry out in the Russian Federation during the last decades. Modern approaches to the design of residential buildings considered in them. The task of the paper is to systematize the scientist’s proposed interrelated sociological, economic, architectural and engineering methods to improve the comfort of affordable housing. The following conclusions are made: large resources of interdisciplinary expansion of the research field are available; conducting applied laboratory studies adapted to regional socio-demographic and climatic conditions is appropriate and desirable; the introduction of social-oriented design methods is necessary.
Role of cultural landscape in formation of urban identity by example of Ural towns
Authors: Gushchin A , Divakova M
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the formation of the concept of the identity of the urban landscape in the context of the specifics of the cities of the Ural region. The authors interpret urban identity as a reflective necessity for belonging to a social group. And the urban landscape, which is always in front of his eyes, is an important means of forming identity. The town-plants of the Urals are distinguished by the specific spatial organization (cultural landscape) of the urban core. The article concludes that the cultural landscape created in this way is the constant in time, that provide constant reminder of the town’s history. The article demonstrates the importance of methods of architectural and landscape reconstruction as a tool of building urban identity.
Dynamic architecture. Interaction with city, nature, man
Authors: Belyaeva T V
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes organization mechanisms of a contemporary architectural facility, discusses the directions and methods of constructive transformation of buildings and structures in the light of the development of the modern dynamic architecture. The features of its development are presented in examples. The definition of mobile architecture is given, current problems are highlighted, issues related to the evolution of mobile structures are considered, its past, present and future are revealed. A variety of manifestations of dynamic transforming architecture is presented. In today’s trends, the broad multidirectionality of the development paths of a dynamic architecture is especially apparent. The article systematizes the leading directions of this topic, considered spatial, constructive, light-colored, interactive methods of transforming objects. The presented design methods remain relevant, and the direction of development of a wide range of this type of architecture in general is becoming increasingly important.
Panel low-rise building with possibility of changing internal and external space.
Authors: Yudin V
Published: December 2019

Undoubtedly, the positive qualities of framework-panel house building are the fast assembly of constructions of a new residential house, the high degree of finishing preparedness of the constructions. The quality of constructions and pre-assembled elements which are produced in an industrial way is considerably higher than those, which were produced in the conditions of building sites. In modern technological conditions, the positive qualities of framework-panel house building become quite applicable for low-rise and individual house building. Designed and patented low-rise framework-panel building with the possibility of transformation of the internal and external space, the patent for invention No. 2544941, is an architectural and engineering system, which is based on technological and advanced design solutions, which allow saving money on each stage of building and cutting costs on its upkeep. For a relatively short period of time there’s an opportunity to build a finished house, which will be no less durable and safe than a brick or timber building, while the cost remains quite attractive.
The four factors influencing media architecture
Authors: Ptichnikova G A , Antyufeev A V
Published: December 2019

Media architecture includes various objects (buildings, constructions) with any form of information, interactive and dynamic image technology, which are designed for information exchange of urban community. By means of digital media new architecture changes its external image and social role of public spaces of the city. The capabilities of a media object to influence the consciousness of a person and the urban environment are greatly enhanced by a wide range of visual and dynamic effects. The article deals with the aesthetic characteristics of media objects, on examples of a number of implemented projects.

The aim of the work is to study factors influencing media architecture. The authors highlight the factors that drove the creation of media architecture: digital technology; media development; visualization of culture; Mass culture.
Urban ecology features of large city disturbed territory development (case of Volgograd)
Authors: Prokopenko V V , Ganzha O A , Rastyapina O A
Published: December 2019

The article examines the issues of large city disturbed territory development by means of town planning at a disturbed area. The territorial characteristics of a disturbed area with respect to city functional zones are considered. The authors classify the disturbed territories discovered in Volgograd into four types, calculate the values of the coefficient of adverse effect caused by disturbed territory on Volgograd urban environment, and estimate the factors influencing the territory rehabilitation as per the federal standards. The factor analysis makes it possible to identify morphostructural and urban ecology features of the territory and make a design decision on its adaptation for further development. The obtained data show favorable effect of disturbed territory rehabilitation on urban ecology framework. The studies conducted by the authors revealed favorable residential areas.
Innovations in solving current issues in architectural and spatial city environment
Authors: Khorokhova E V
Published: December 2019

Architectural environment is a complex system which requires an integral well-developed approach of space organization. In the area of architectural and space environment there are a lot of unsolved problems. This article refers to one of the most current problems, such as: city parking space management, management of dump disposal spaces, asphalt works, urban greening. These problems can be resolved by using innovations and implementing marketing tools. This article refers to the analysis of existing innovations, based on both domestic and international practices, which occur in architectural and space environment, as well as innovation pros and cons, finding the right problem solutions and proposing of targeted solution for certain some problems.
On study and accounting of geophysical fields in architectural space of sacral purpose
Authors: Pershina I L
Published: December 2019

The semantic content of the paper is aimed at identifying the role of geophysical fields in architectural spatiality. This is a contribution to the development of geo-directionality in the formation of a certain architectural and spatial environment, in this consideration of sacral space. The influence of geo-factors determines one of the essential features of the sacred space, the impact on both psychophysiology and extrasensory perception. As part of the formation of geo-factorial intentionality, an analysis of the geophysical causes of the energy impact on the architectural space is carried out. The historical precedents of geo-effects accounting in architectural practice, as well as methods of detecting geozones of energy influence are considered. The primacy of the text is hydrogeological features of the location of sacred sites, as well as elements of their energy infrastructure. The research compares the presence of water flows, their location under the architectural structure and the nature of bioenergy radiation.
Numerical simulation of wind flow around building complex with different software approaches
Authors: Olenkov V D , Lazareva I V , Biryukov A D
Published: December 2019

Numerical simulation of wind flow around 4-building complex in hot climate conditions is described in order to assess a wind comfort in the courtyard area. The solution of the air flow around the multiply building complex geometry including the using of various numeral simulation software packages is presented in this article. The article also provides the subsequent comparison of the results obtained from specialized and simplified software packages (ANSYS FLUENT, Autodesk Flow design). Use of the numeral simulation in conditions of technogenic relief and complicated construction is relevant at the present time. This method allows significantly reducing the costs of undoing mistakes and to speed up the problem solving. An explicit demonstration of the results is also a very important criterion for choosing the methods and numeral simulation software. Use of modern methods of CFD-data visualization in real time can greatly simplify the interpretation of simulation results for non-professional users.
Mathematic modelling of reliability, safety and risk indicators related to equipment elements existing at iron and steel enterprise
Authors: Izvekov Yu A , Torshina O A
Published: December 2019

This article describes mathematical modelling of reliability, safety and risk indicators related to load bearing structural elements. The number of this type of cranes used at a modern iron and steel enterprise constitutes more than half of the total number of cranes. Therefore, the concerned issue and the problems addressed in this case represent current interest. Due to the impossibility of conducting a laboratory or a full-scale experiment, a numerical experiment is conducted using model distribution. Benchmark data used for calculations and based on previous studies performed by the author and available statistical data about incidents and damages are systematized and proposed. Hypotheses about addition and multiplication of damages related to elements of the equipment under study are made. Modelling adequacy is observed when the experiment findings match with available data. Classification of incidents arising when metallurgical cranes are operated beyond the expiry of their warranty period is identified. These calculations and procedure develop the theory of structural risk analysis of complex technical systems and allow making correct engineering-related managerial decisions.
Inhibitory anticorrosive protection of oilfield equipment
Authors: Tyusenkov A S , Nasibullina O A
Published: December 2019

Corrosion is one of the main causes of oilfield equipment failures. The reason is that the metal contacts with process media with high corrosion activity. Due to corrosion failures, the cost of current and unscheduled repairs of oilfield equipment, as well as the reduction of its amortization periods, is rising. A widely used method of corrosion protection of the internal surface of oilfield equipment is inhibitory protection. This paper presents an assessment of the effectiveness of the use of three new corrosion inhibitors for the protection of low carbon and some low alloy steels in the fields medium of one of the oil fields.
Reducing environmental load of aluminum production by selecting coke-pitch compositions
Authors: Doshlov I O , Konovalov N P , Chizhik K I
Published: December 2019

The problems of the technosphere safety became the key point in the operation of industrial enterprises and are regulated by the law of the Russian Federation on the protection of the environment. The issue of reducing the environmental load of aluminium production by selection of coke-pitch compositions with the use of modified heavy pyrolysis resin (HPR) is considered. The possibility and expediency of using high-temperature coal tar pitch in a mixture of modified heavy pyrolysis resin are shown. That will significantly improve the ecology of aluminum production using Sodeberg’s technologies and reduce the content of carcinogenic substances in the air of the work area.
Issues of protection of atmospheric air against dust pollution in production of construction materials
Authors: Sergina N M , Shurshikov S V , Lyga D V
Published: December 2019

To protect the atmospheric air from dust pollution in building materials’ production, systems of inertial dust control are most frequently used. The application of swirling inertial dust separators in the counter swirling flows (CSF) enables to considerably enhance the degree of purification of industrial emissions from dust especially from fine particles PM10 and PM2.5. The authors carried out a complex of research works targeted at reasons of technical decisions providing an increase in the efficiency of dust contol systems with the devices of CSF for the construction materials industry. As it was stated by the results of the research, the following decisions belong to the process: suction from the swirling dust separator bunker and supplying the dust and gas flows with various dust content to its top and bottom feeds. The article presents some results of laboratory and pilot studies the objective of which was both the validation of efficiency and practicability in application of the mentioned technical solutions and revealing operation parameters under which the least breakthrough of dust into the air is achieved in the dust control systems composed according to these solutions.
Approach to modeling the spread of pollutants in air by the example of Volgograd
Authors: Rashevskiy N M , Sanzhapov B Kh
Published: December 2019

The article provides an overview of the systems for modeling the spread of pollutants, discusses their advantages and disadvantages. An approach to modeling the spread of pollutants in the atmospheric air of an urbanized area on the basis of the Calpuff software suite is proposed. The processes and sources of data on the terrain, meteorological parameters, etc., necessary for the generating concentration maps for Russian cities are described in detail. The approach consists of three main stages: modeling meteorological parameters, modeling pollution spread and visualization of the data obtained. An example of modeling of pollutants spread in the atmospheric air for Volgograd is given.
Application of risk-based approach in design of water supply systems
Authors: Yuhno A I , Plugotarenko N K
Published: December 2019

The formation of organochlorine compounds in drinking water in the water supply system chlorination process was studied. The dynamic pattern of chloroform concentration in drinking water in a water treatment facility over a year is provided. Cancer health risk for the population of using drinking water is calculated. A greater speed of organochlorine compound formation in comparison with the rising concentration of residual chlorine associated with a bigger dose of chlorine agent was documented. The influence of such factors as pH medium, permanganate oxidizability, chlorine absorbing capacity, temperature and residual chlorine concentration on the concentration of chloroform in drinking water was experimentally established. A neural network model that predicts the chloroform concentration in drinking chlorine treated water was used. The chlorine agent dosage control organization chart was proposed on the basis of fuzzy logic that can be used in design of water-supply systems taking into account the health risks for the population.
Assessment of territorial impact of industrial mercury pollution and proposal for its solution
Authors: Starostina V Yu
Published: December 2019

The mercury electrolysis plant in Usolye Sibirskoye, which was decommissioned in 1998, is a source of mercury pollution, since measures to prevent mercury pollution of the environment were not implemented after its closure. On the territory of the plant, mercury remained in building structures, in sludge, in soils, in loose sediments. All of them are deposited sources of metallic mercury, from where it continues to spread in the air, soils and groundwater. In order to choose the best method to eliminate the source of mercury pollution, it is necessary to conduct an assessment of the impact on all elements of the environment and to identify the places with the highest mercury contamination. In addition, to propose environmental protection measures those are aimed at eliminating the main sources of metallic mercury release to the environment from the decommissioned mercury electrolysis plant. During the environmental impact assessment of the investigated object, the following tasks were performed: an assessment of the existing environmental situation and the state of the natural environment was carried out; alternative scenarios for achieving the planned activity were considered, with a justification for choosing the best one.
Functional zoning of urban areas with regard to environmental quality is one of ways to create more favourable conditions for life
Authors: Volkodaeva M V , Taranina O A , Volodina Ya A
Published: December 2019

The planning structure of modern cities is complex. It includes diverse functional areas. At the same time, the increase of population in cities leads to the building density growth, but this process has its limits. Consequently, the adoption of new urban planning decisions on the functional zoning should be based on the objective assessment of the quality of the environment. In this regard, an important role belongs to the development of ecological monitoring systems, which should provide the most reliable information about the negative impact on the environment. The article describes different functional zones of cities, their properties and requirements for their environmental quality control.
Press-fit joints study by multiangle ultrasonic sounding method
Authors: Ivannikov V P , Kabakova A V , Chaykina A Yu
Published: December 2019

In the article the authors consider the problem and the way of press-fit joints quality quantitative estimation with an ultrasonic echo-impulse method. It is shown that the reflection coefficient is the general characteristics of press-fit joint quality rather its load carrying capacity defined by the maximum rotation moment transmitted by the press-fit joint, because it is bound with the normal stresses appearing on the joint surfaces. The equation for calculation of the coefficient of ultrasound reflection from the interference area of a joint by echo-impulse amplitudes measured from the quill cylinder and from a joint is received. Peculiarities of the research procedure are accentuated and described. The peculiarities allow receiving exact estimation of press-fit joints quality by a non-destructive method either on the localized areas of the interference or the estimation of an averaged value around the joint during multiangle study of the object on different directions in the definite ultrasonic sounding plane. Special attention is paid by the authors to the possibility and practicability of automation of the process of control on the basis of the multiangle ultrasonic sounding method in order to improve the joint quality studying process.
Method of wastewater treatment from emulsified petroleum products
Authors: Rubanov Yu K , Miroshnichenko N A , Kozlova T V
Published: December 2019

The authors developed the composition of integrated adsorbent for the disposal of wastewater containing cutting fluids and consisting of decaying steel slag and iron ore concentrate at a weight ratio of 1:1.5. It was identified that the maximum degree of cleaning from emulsified petroleum products (EOP) is observed at the size of adsorbent particles (d) in the range of 80>d>50 um. The values of the process hydrogen ion exponent pH ≤ 3 while the ratio between solid and liquid phases at the separation of water and emulsified petroleum products is equal to 0.6-0.7. The authors managed to set the parameters of the magnetic processing of a suspension consisting of complex adsorbent and water&oil emulsions with subsequent separation of the aqueous and oil phases. At this, the magnetic field intensity was equal to 180 kA/m and the magnetic field processing time - 120 seconds.
Evaluating the patterns of air bubble rise in water-air mixtures used in natural and waste water treatment processes
Authors: Andreev S Yu , Garkina I A , Yakhkind M I
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the results of theoretical studies into the patterns of air bubble rise in water-air mixtures used in the natural and waste water treatment processes. It is shown that the air bubble size determines the possibility of its rise under various hydrodynamic conditions. Analysis of the balance of the main forces acting on a single free-rising air bubble identified the basic rise types: laminar rise; laminar rise with a sliding surface layer; transient rise; turbulent rise; turbulent rise in the resistance-law self-similarity field. Mathematical dependencies have been obtained to describe the various types of air bubble rise. Using the obtained mathematical dependencies enables an adequate evaluation of the properties of the water-air mixture containing air bubbles as well as using it more efficiently in natural and waste water treatment processes.
Practical application of digital control methods in ecological systems
Authors: Akhobadze G N
Published: December 2019

The paper explains the application of regression analysis for prediction of processes in ecological systems and control of them. Theoretical analysis of the regression method structure and the main typical dependences between dependent and independent variables used for mathematical prediction modelling for statistically random processes are given. Specific aspects in significance of regression equation parameters are defined in statistical processing of the experimental data. Equation demonstrating the soil transpiration as a function of changes in fluid pressure and relative water vapor saturation is given. Comparative analysis of the absolute and relative errors of the actual and predicted values of the soil transpiration is presented. Expressions allowing one to estimate the arithmetic mean and the mean square deviation of the soil transpiration depending on the computational points are demonstrated. A method for recognising miscalculations when processing experimental data using the STATISTICA program is presented. Using the 3σ method and the tabular method, a numerical example of whether any result is miscalculated is demonstrated. Efficiency of the proposed mathematical model is shown using a specific example with account of statistical analysis of experimental results for metrological validation of them.
Extracting copper (II) ions from model solutions with carbon containing adsorption material
Authors: Starostina I V , Stolyarov D V , Kosukhin M M
Published: December 2019

A method for purifying model aqueous solutions from Cu2+ ions with carbon-containing adsorption material obtained by thermal modification of kieselghur sludge is proposed. Waste kieselghur sludge is characterized by an organic-mineral composition, which is formed in the technology of refining vegetable oil at the winterization stage i.e. removing waxes and wax-like substances at a temperature corresponding to their crystallization. As a result of heat treatment of the sludge at a temperature of 500 ºC, carbonization of organic substances occurs with the formation of a carbon layer on the surface of diatomite particles and the formation of a carbon-containing adsorption material. The concentrations of Cu2+ ions in model aqueous solutions was determined out by photometric method. It was shown that the maximum sorption of copper ions occurs in the range of pH 6-7 and at the consumption of the adsorbent 1 g per 100 cm3 of solution. The kinetic dependences of the adsorption process are studied - the maximum efficiency of extracting copper ions reaches 15 and 30 minutes at the initial concentration of solutions 10 and 25 mg / dm3, respectively. The adsorption capacity of the carbon-containing material was 14.3 mg / g, the nature of the process is monomolecular.
The use of Al2O3 - pillared clay in cleaning of aqueous solutions from surfactants
Authors: Khankhasaeva S Ts
Published: December 2019

The paper describes the Al2O3-pillared clays synthesized by modifying the natural montmorillonite clay with aluminum polyhydroxy complexes and subsequent heat treatment of the modified samples at temperatures of 400 °C and 500 °C. The textural characteristics of natural and Al2O3-pillared clays were determined by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The results showed that the obtained materials had a specific surface area, which was 1.7 times larger than the surface of the original clay, and the total pore volume, which was 1.2 more, than the pore volume of the original clay. Anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate C12H25OSO3Na and sulfonol C12H25C6H4SO3Na) adsorption results have shown that the clay modifying by polyhydroxocomplexes of aluminum leads to a significant increase in their aniono-exchange capacity. Al2O3-pillared clay exceeds the adsorption capacity of natural clay more than 2 times in the adsorption of sodium dodecylsulfate and sulfonol. It is established that the adsorption isotherms of sodium dodecylsulfate and sulfonol on Al2O3-pillared clays well obey the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation, which describes multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface of sorbents. Al2O3-pillared clays may be of interest for use in wastewater treatment from anionic surfactants.