bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Features Anterior to the Retina Represented in Panoramic Scanning Laser Fundus Images
Authors: Dunphy Robert W. , Wentzolf Jeffrey N. , Subramanian Manju , Conlin Paul R. , Pasquale Louis R.
Published: March 2009

Using the Optos Panoramic200 Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (Optos, Scotland, United Kingdom), clinically relevant findings anterior to the retinal surface, represented in digital ultra-wide field fundus images, were identified. Examples in this series demonstrate the potential for findings at the level of the crystalline lens and the full depth of the vitreous when imaging of the retina and choroid complex is undertaken. Clinicians interpreting these images should be aware of the potential contribution of information from anterior segment structures and the vitreous cavity. The information derived from anterior segment structures may enhance the diagnostic potential of the instrument.
The Effect of Probe Placement and Type of Viscoelastic Material on Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation Laser Energy Transmission
Authors: Yu Jenny Y. , Kahook Malik Y. , Lathrop Kira L. , Noecker Robert J.
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:
Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation is a laser modality used to treat refractory glaucoma through the ablation of ciliary epithelium on the ciliary processes, which results in reduced aqueous production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various viscoelastics and optimal probe positioning on endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation treatment.

Materials and Methods:
Six different viscoelastic materials and a balanced salt solution, which was used as a control, were evaluated by placing 2 mL of each in a separate 2 mL glass tube. Laser power was measured at six distances to represent clinical placement of the laser probe in relation to the ciliary processes.

Results:
The amount of energy measured with the probe at the bottom of the tube and 1 and 2 mm away was not statistically significantly different among the viscoelastic materials or the balanced salt solution. There was a gradual decrease in transmission of laser energy in all viscoelastics as the laser probe was moved farther away.

Conclusion:
To preserve the intended laser energy setting, the optimal distance between the treated tissue and the laser probe is 2 mm.
Ocular Central Nervous System Lymphoma Mimicking Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Zayit-Soudry Shiri , Kesler Anat , Tsehori Jonathan , Leider-Trejo Leonor , Loewenstein Anat
Published: March 2009

Two patients evaluated for metamorphopsia were noted to have inferotemporal retinal pigment epithelium elevations formed by a yellowish lesion. Fluorescein angiography showed granular hyperfluorescence with late leakage, which was interpreted as an occult choroidal neovascularization. One patient underwent photodynamic therapy. In both patients, neither vitreous cells nor neurologic manifestations were evident on presentation. Subsequent neurological signs appeared that prompted performance of brain imaging, which confirmed a space-occupying lesion. In both patients, the tumor was proven on histopathologic examination of brain tissue to be central nervous system lymphoma. Awareness of other possible underlying pathologies is warranted in cases of atypical choroidal neovascularization.
Epithelial Ingrowth Within the Interface Following Traumatic Corneal Lamellar Laceration
Authors: Bansal Reema , Jain Arun K. , Sukhija Jaspreet
Published: March 2009

A 45-year-old patient with a traumatic corneal lamellar laceration who was treated conservatively initially developed an epithelial ingrowth within the flap–stroma interface, causing diminished vision. Confocal microscopy revealed highly refractive bodies without cellular elements at the flap–stroma interface. Treatment comprised surgical debridement of the epithelial sheet from the interface with a thorough irrigation of the stromal bed followed by careful realignment of the flap. The diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination of the scraped specimen. At the last follow-up examination, vision had improved and there was no recurrence of epithelial ingrowth. Proper primary management of a traumatic corneal lamellar laceration can provide good visual outcome and prevent rare complications such as epithelial ingrowth. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:217-220.]
AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. Accepted for publication November 7, 2007. Address correspondence to Arun K. Jain, MD, Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India. E-mail: aronkjain@yahoo.com.
Post-Vitrectomy Tissue Plasminogen Activator Injection for Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Christodoulakis Emmanouil V. , Tsilimbaris Miltiades K.
Published: March 2009

Three patients with recent central retinal vein occlusion underwent vitrectomy, fluid–air exchange, and a 50-µg tissue plasminogen activator intravitreal injection. After a mean follow-up period of 38.7 weeks, no patient’s vision improved and one patient required an additional vitrectomy. Post-vitrectomy tissue plasminogen activator injection did not improve the course of central retinal vein occlusion in these three cases. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:252-256.]

AUTHORS From the Retina Service, Ophthalmology Clinic, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete; and the Institute of Visual Optics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece. Accepted for publication January 4, 2008. Presented at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology annual meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May 3-9, 2003. Funded by the Greek Ministry of Education and the European Union through “IRAKLITOS - Fellowships for Research of University of Crete.” The authors thank Susana Exinger and Vasileia Maniadi for their support in the retina photography. Address correspondence to Miltiades K. Tsilimbaris, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, 711 10, Greece.
Filtering Bleb Rupture After Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection
Authors: Kahook Malik Y. , Noecker Robert J. , Abdelghani Wael M. , Schuman Joel S.
Published: March 2009

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide is effective in treating
various ocular disorders associated with inflammation
and swelling of the retina. Unfortunately, the use of intraocular steroids is also associated with several side effects, including increased intraocular pressure and the development of cataracts. This article describes a case of intravitreal steroid injection resulting in filtering
bleb rupture due to an acute rise of intraocular
pressure, expands on the mechanism, and provides possible ways to avoid such an occurrence in thin, cystic
filtering blebs. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:232-233.]
AUTHORS
From the UPMC Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Accepted for publication May 10, 2007.
Dr. Schuman did not participate in the editorial review of this manuscript.
Address correspondence to Malik Y. Kahook, MD, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 1675 N. Ursula Street, #3013, Aurora, CO 80045.
Scleral Patch Graft Calcification and Erosion Following Molteno Implant Surgery
Authors: Palmer David J. , Klein Christian S. , Edward Deepak P.
Published: March 2009

A case of dystrophic calcification of a scleral patch graft and conjunctival tissue erosion 17 years following the implantation of a Molteno drainage device is described. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:230-231.]

AUTHORS
From the Department of Ophthalmology (DJP, CSK), Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Department of Ophthalmology (DPE), Summa Health Systems, Akron, Ohio.
Accepted for publication December 4, 2007.
Presented in part at the Chandler-Grant Glaucoma Symposium, Boston, Massachusetts, June 2, 2007.
Address correspondence to David J. Palmer, MD, 111 N. Wabash Avenue, Suite 1609, Chicago, IL 60602.
A New Technique for the Closure of the Lens Capsule by Laser Welding
Authors: Pini Roberto , Rossi Francesca , Menabuoni Luca , Lenzetti Ivo , Yoo Sonia , Parel Jean-Marie
Published: March 2009

A new method is presented for the closure of the lens capsule based on laser welding of suitably prepared patches of anterior capsular tissue. Experiments were performed in freshly enucleated porcine eyes. The patches were previously stained with a solution of indocyanine green in sterile water and then welded on the recipient capsule by means of diode laser radiation at 810 nm. The welded tissue revealed mechanical properties comparable to those of healthy tissue. This technique is proposed to repair capsular breaks and to provide the closure of the capsulorhexis in lens refilling procedures. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:260-261.] AUTHORS From Istituto di Fisica Applicata (RP, FR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Firenze, Italy; Unità Operativa Oculistica (LM, IL), Azienda Sanitaria Locale 4, Prato, Italy; the Anne Bates Leach Eye Hospital (SY) and Ophthalmic Biophysics Center (SY, J-MP), Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; the Department of Biomedical Engineering (J-MP), University of Miami College of Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida; and the University of Liege CHU Sart-Tillman (J-MP), Liege, Belgium. Accepted for publication March 10, 2007. Supported in part by the Azienda Sanitaria Locale 4 (Public Health Service) of Prato, Italy; the Florida Lions Eye Bank and VisionCRC, Sydney, Australia (SY, J-MP); and the Henri and Flore Lesieur Foundation (J-MP). The Italian government applied for a patent on the technology described herein. Marcia Orozco, BS, and Stephanie Delgado provided technical support. Address correspondence to Roberto Pini, PhD, Istituto di Fisica Applicata – C.N.R., Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
Lateral Cantholysis for Cataract Surgery
Authors: Pushpoth Sreekumari , Tambe Katya , Sandramouli Soupramanien
Published: March 2009

A patient with narrow palpebral aperture who required an elaborate lateral cantholysis prior to uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery is described. Surgery was followed by a lateral tarsal strip procedure to reattach the lower lid. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:225-227.]

AUTHORS
From Wolverhampton and Midland es Eye Infirmary, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, United Kingdom.
Accepted for publication January 21, 2008.
Address correspondence to Soupramanien Sandramouli, MD, FRCS, FRCOphth, Wolverhampton and Midland Counties Eye Infirmary, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, WV10 0QP UK.
Dye Dependent Differences in Arteriovenous Passage Times: A Comparison of Indocyanine Green and Fluorescein Sodium Dye Analysis
Authors: Sines Daniel T. , Kagemann Larry , Siesky Brent , Rechtman Ehud , Garzozi Hanna J. , Harris Alon
Published: March 2009

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To evaluate
the difference in arteriovenous passage time calculated
from retinal angiograms using indocyanine green and fluorescein sodium dye in healthy individuals.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Examinations of eight healthy individuals (mean age ± standard deviation: 27.3 ± 4.2 years) who had four consecutive ophthalmic visits that were 2 weeks apart were analyzed. Indocyanine green and fluorescein angiography were performed sequentially (with the indocyanine green angiography occurring first) using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Arteriovenous passage times were calculated offline using digital angiogram video analysis.

RESULTS
Mean arteriovenous passage times calculated from indocyanine green angiography (1.417 ± 0.136 seconds) recordings were significantly shorter than fluorescein sodium times (2.539 ± 0.421 seconds) (P < .0001) and intra-group variability was similar. There were no significant correlations between indocyanine green and fluorescein sodium arteriovenous passage times.

CONCLUSION
Arteriovenous passage times calculated using indocyanine green and fluorescein angiography are not interchangeable.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:203-208.]

AUTHORS
From the Department of Ophthalmology (DTS, BS, AH), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; UPMC Eye Center (LK), Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and the Department of Bioengineering (LK), Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Goldschleger Eye Institute (ER), Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; and the Department of Ophthalmology (HJG), Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
Accepted for publication November 12, 2007.
Funded by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York.
Address correspondence to Alon Harris, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology,
Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Circle, Room 137A, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
Severe Anterior Capsular Phimosis Following Acrylic Intraocular Lens Implantation in a Patient With Pseudoexfoliation
Authors: Venkatesh Rengaraj , Tan Colin S. H. , Veena Kannusamy , Ravindran Ravilla D.
Published: March 2009

A case of severe capsular phimosis following implantation
of an acrylic intraocular lens (hydrophobic acrylic with polymethylmethacrylate haptics) in a patient with pseudoexfoliation is described. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers
Imaging 2008;39:228-229.]
AUTHORS
From the Aravind Eye Hospital (RV, KV, RDR), Pondicherry, India; and the Eye Institute at Tan Tock Seng Hospital (CSHT), National Healthcare Group, Singapore.
Accepted for publication December 4, 2007.
Address correspondence to Rengaraj Venkatesh, MD, Aravind Eye Hospital, Thavalakuppam, Pondicherry 605 007 India.
Progressive Optic Neuropathy in Congenital Glaucoma Associated with the Sirsasana Yoga Posture
Authors: Monteiro de Barros Daniela S. , Bazzaz Sheila , Gheith Moataz E. , Siam Ghada A. , Moster Marlene R.
Published: March 2009

The authors describe a case of progressive optic neuropathy in a patient with congenital glaucoma who had routinely practiced the Sirsasana (headstand) yoga posture for several years. Ophthalmic examination included best-corrected visual acuity, anterior segment examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound pachymetry for central corneal thickness, and intraocular pressure before, during, and after maintaining the Sirsasana posture for 5 minutes. Intraocular pressure increased significantly during the Sirsasana posture. Transient elevation in intraocular pressure during yoga exercises may lead to progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy, especially in susceptible patients with congenital glaucoma.
Ultrawide Angle Fluorescein Angiographic Imaging: A Comparison to Conventional Digital Acquisition Systems
Authors: Friberg Thomas R. , Gupta Anurag , Yu Jenny , Huang Linda , Suner Ivan , Puliafito Carmen A. , Schwartz Steven D.
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:
A prototype ultrawide field angiographic system and conventional technology were compared.

Patients and Methods:
Thirty subjects with diabetic retinopathy were imaged in three centers by conventional (Topcon Inc., Paramus, NJ, or Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) and ultrawide field (Optos P200A; Optos Inc., Dunfermline, Scotland) digital fluorescein angiography units. A calibrated grid was digitally placed on the images to facilitate measurements. Main outcome measures were field of view and the number of grid sectors displaying retinal ischemia and neovascularization. Secondary measures were image quality and patient satisfaction scores.

Results:
The P200A provided a significantly greater visual field extent of 8.7 ± 1.6 disc diameters (DD) compared to the conventional systems (3.4 ± 0.76 DD) (P < .001). Retinal ischemia was better revealed (16.9 ± 15 vs 3.4 ± 4.26 sectors) with the prototype, but image quality was superior with the conventional system. Patient satisfaction scores did not differ between systems.

Conclusion:
A prototype ultrawide angle imaging system displayed significantly more diabetic retinal pathology in a single image than conventional systems.
Rapid Onset Proptosis and Vision Loss as the Initial Presentation of Burkitt Lymphoma
Authors: Prall F. Ryan , Hink Eric M. , Liang Xiayuan , Durairaj Vikram D.
Published: March 2009

Burkitt lymphoma is a rapidly growing, high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in three distinct clinical subtypes: endemic, sporadic, and human immunodeficiency associated. The sporadic subtype typically presents as an abdominal mass. Orbital involvement has rarely been reported. The authors report a case of Burkitt lymphoma presenting as rapidly progressive proptosis and loss of vision. Given the tumor’s rapid growth rate, potential for vision loss, and good response to chemotherapy, clinicians should be aware of this rare presentation.
Diode Laser Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation-Induced Staphyloma Following Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C
Authors: Prata Tiago S. , Lima Verônica C. , Pinto Luciano M. , Costa Elaine F. , Melo Luiz Alberto S.
Published: March 2009

A 42-year-old man developed progressive scleral iatrogenic staphyloma in the region of a previous trabeculectomy with mitomycin C after three sessions of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation for a refractory glaucoma secondary to trauma. After clinical and laboratory evaluations, no signs of systemic or autoimmune disorders were found. The patient underwent a reinforcement of the eye wall with a scleral patch over the staphyloma area and a glaucoma drainage device was implanted. Repeated transscleral cyclophotocoagulation procedures should be performed cautiously in patients who have had previous trabeculectomy.
Ab Interno Sulcus Placement of Glaucoma Tube Implants
Authors: Camejo Larissa , Noecker Robert
Published: March 2009

A modified technique for sulcus placement of glaucoma silicone tubes is described. Sulcus placement can be useful in patients with penetrating keratoplasty or in those who are at risk for corneal endothelial decompensation. However, correct placement can be difficult to confirm with a traditional ab externo approach. An ab interno technique for sulcus placement of glaucoma tube implants that both offers an easier approach and facilitates accurate positioning is described.
Severe Iritis and Choroidal Effusion Following Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Kim Danny Y. , Singh Anna
Published: March 2009

A patient with uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty and developed a significant anterior chamber reaction, shallow anterior chamber, and choroidal effusion. Common complications associated with selective laser trabeculoplasty include conjunctival injection, mild anterior chamber reaction, and post-treatment intraocular pressure elevation. The authors believe this is the first reported case of severe iritis and choroidal effusion following selective laser trabeculoplasty.
Retrieval of a Mispositioned Ex-PRESS™ Glaucoma Device
Authors: Saricaoglu M. Sinan , Karakurt Ahmet , Recep O. Faruk , Hasiripi Hikmet
Published: March 2009

The purpose of this article was to report the misposition and subsequent retrieval of an Ex-PRESS (Optonol Ltd., Neve Ilan, Israel) glaucoma drainage device implanted in an eye with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. The formation of excessive fibrosis at the site of the implant, which was partly dislocated into the anterior chamber, was observed. The Ex-PRESS drainage device was removed from the anterior chamber and the intra-ocular pressure was relieved through trabeculectomy at the superotemporal part of the globe. The results suggest that trabeculectomy is a practical approach to alleviate intraocular pressure in the case of failed glaucoma drainage devices.
Jellyfish Sting Injury to the Cornea
Authors: Sonmez Baris , Beden Umit , Yeter Volkan , Erkan Dilek
Published: March 2009

A 25-year-old woman presented to the emergency room 2 hours after a jellyfish sting to the left eye. Centrally located linear epithelial defects were observed on slit-lamp evaluation. The epithelial defects improved but did not heal totally after meticulous patching with antibiotic ointment and cycloplegic drops. Small, sub-epithelial negative staining areas within the epithelial defects were observed on day 3. Confocal microscopy was performed and revealed thread-like hyperreflective structures, mainly located at the basal epithelial layer. Following debridement of the traumatized areas, the corneal epithelium healed completely in 24 hours, resulting in increased visual acuity and decreased foreign body sensation. Jellyfish stings to the eye may involve the intrusion of the nematocysts, thread-like venomous structures, into the cornea. Debridement of these foreign bodies can be helpful in the treatment of resistant cases.
Eyelid Neoplasms in the Beijing Tongren Eye Centre Between 1997 and 2006
Authors: Xu Xiao Lin , Li Bin , Sun Xian Li , Li Liao Qing , Ren Ruo Jin , Gao Fei , Jonas Jost B.
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:
To examine the spectrum of eyelid neoplastic specimens obtained at the Beijing Tongren Eye Centre between 1997 and 2006.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 2,639 eyelid neoplasms were included in the study.

Results:
Of the 2,639 eyelid specimens, 2,276 (86.2%) were benign and 363 (13.8%) were malignant. The most common benign lesions were inflammatory lesions, melanocytic nevi, papillomas, dermoid and epidermoid cysts, and epithelial cysts. The most common malignant or semi-malignant tumors were basal cell carcinomas, sebaceous gland carcinomas, lymphomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and malignant melanomas. The mean age at diagnosis was 41 years for benign lesions and 60 years for malignant tumors. There was no significant gender predilection among the five major non-benign eyelid tumors.

Conclusion:
At the Beijing Tongren Eye Centre between 1997 and 2006, the predominant non-benign eyelid tumors were basal cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma, followed by lymphoma. The non-benign lesions occurred predominantly in elderly patients who were 60 years of age and older.
Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Findings in Chronic Solar Retinopathy
Authors: Issa Peter Charbel , Fleckenstein Monika , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Holz Frank G. , Meyer Carsten H.
Published: March 2009

A 68-year-old man with solar retinopathy had a lamellar foveal lesion on ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography in one eye while the fellow eye appeared unremarkable. However, macular imaging by means of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (reflectance imaging and autofluorescence) revealed alterations in both eyes. Visual deterioration due to solar retinopathy may be a diagnostic challenge and the patient’s history may be incomplete. The authors recommend including noninvasive confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging in the work-up of unexplained visual disturbances because it may add important information beyond ophthalmoscopy and other imaging techniques.
Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Subhyaloid Hemorrhage
Authors: Punjabi Omar S. , Flynn Harry W. , Knighton Robert W. , Gregori Giovanni , Couvillion Stephen S. , Lalwani Geeta L. , Puliafito Carmen A.
Published: March 2009

A prototype 6-μm axial resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) device was used to image the retina of a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus who had proliferative diabetic retinopathy with subhyaloid hemorrhage. A raster scan pattern with 128 B-scans covering a 6 × 6 × 2-mm volume of the retina was obtained. SD-OCT showed the presence of blood localized between the internal limiting membrane and the posterior hyaloid face and allowed visualization of the cross sectional retinal architecture and the vitreoretinal interface at different horizontal levels that could be registered with the color fundus photograph. SD-OCT provided useful information about the relationship of the hemorrhage to the posterior hyaloid and the retina.
Microkeratome Blades and Corneal Flap Thickness in Lasik
Authors: Yau Chi-Wang , Cheng Huey-Chuan
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:
To determine the corneal flap thickness produced by using two different types of blades on the same microkeratome for LASIK, comparing flap thickness in the first and second eyes.

Patients and Methods:
The corneal flap thickness was measured in two sets of 100 consecutive patients undergoing bilateral LASIK procedures using the Moria M2 microkeratome with a 110 head (Moria, France) and either Moria or CLB blades (Med-Logics Inc., Laguna Hills, CA). Corneal flap thickness was determined by intraoperative pachymetry using an ultrasonic pachymeter.

Results:
The mean corneal flap thickness was 138.95 ± 21.6 μm (range: 75–205 μm) with Moria blades and 115.07 ± 16.0 μm (range: 70–153 μm) with CLB blades, which is a significant difference (P < .001). The difference in flap thickness between the first and second eyes was not significant with the Moria blades (141.46 ± 21.46 μm vs 136.45 ± 21.55 μm, P = .965), but it was when the CLB blades were used (123.21 ± 12.07 μm vs 106.93 ± 15.51 μm; P = .013).

Conclusion:
In LASIK surgery using a Moria M2 microkeratome, blades from different manufacturers may produce significantly different corneal flap thicknesses, as well as differences between the first and second eyes.
Comparison of StratusOCT and Cirrus HD-OCT Imaging in Macular Diseases
Authors: Brennen Peter M. , Kagemann Larry , Friberg Thomas R.
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:

The Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) device is a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system that allows faster data acquisition than the previous generation StratusOCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA), which is a time-domain device. The authors compared images from both units to determine the clinical usefulness of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography technology in patients with macular diseases.

Patients and Methods:

Six consecutive patients were imaged with both the Cirrus HD-OCT and the StratusOCT devices and the images were compared.

Results:

Cirrus HD-OCT images were typically more useful than StratusOCT images for assessing fine architectural details in macular pathology. The Cirrus HD-OCT software also facilitated a better understanding of three-dimensional data volumes.

Conclusions:

Commercially available spectral-domain optical coherence tomography is a clinically useful tool for visualizing and understanding macular diseases and offers benefits not inherent in previous generation machines.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:25–31.]
Iowa Certified Nursing Assistants StudySelf-Reported Ratings of the Nursing Home Work Environment
Authors: Culp Kennith , Ramey Sandra , Karlman Susan
Published: March 2009

Certified nursing assistants (CNAs) are the principal bedside caregivers in nursing homes, yet little is known about their perceptions of the work environment. This population-based, cross-sectional study used a mailed questionnaire to a random sample of Iowa CNAs (N = 584), representing 166 nursing homes. Of the respondents, 88.5% (n = 517) were currently employed in long-term care settings; however, 11.5% (n = 67) indicated they had left their jobs. When CNA responses were compared with those of other occupational groups, general workers reported higher scores on involvement, coworker cohesion, work pressure, and supervisor support. Those who left their CNA jobs rated their work environment as characteristic of excessive managerial control and task orientation. Results of this study emphasize the importance of the relationship between CNAs and their supervisors, CNAs’ need for greater autonomy and innovation, and the need for the work environment to change dramatically in the area of human resource management.
Spreading the Word
Authors: Buckwalter Kathleen C.
Published: March 2009

EXCERPT

Welcome to the second issue of Research in Gerontological Nursing (RGN). I hope you enjoyed our inaugural issue and find the articles in this issue equally as interesting and informative. Many colleagues have told me that they are pleased with the advent of a research journal in our field and that the “time is right,” given recent advances in gerontological nursing research. I agree, of course, but for the journal to be sustained and to flourish, we need your help in spreading the word about RGN to potential contributors and subscribers. In particular, I urge those readers in academic settings to contact their nursing representatives on the library acquisitions board, or whoever makes faculty recommendations to the library, and encourage them to purchase an institutional subscription to RGN. 
The Personal Impact of Home-Care Nursing: An Alternative Perspective to Home-Care Satisfaction
Authors: Porter Eileen J.
Published: March 2009

In this phenomenological study, I aimed to describe the personal impact of home-care nursing and to compare the findings to domains of the construct of home-care satisfaction (HCS). I report data from interviews with 11 women (ages 82 to 96) who had home-care nurses during a 3-year period. None of the women mentioned satisfaction, but when asked about their nurses, they shared memorable incidents exemplifying how home-care nursing was relevant to their personal goals. Using a previously developed descriptive phenomenological method, I discerned this feature of personal-social context (or life-world) as the main finding: Being Aware of What Stands Out for Me About Having a Nurse at Home. This main finding had six descriptors, including Sensing that the Nurse Knows How to Do What Nurses Do and Linking the Nurse’s Help to Sustaining Myself Here. I compared the findings to domains of HCS on three parameters, including evaluation of satisfaction versus relevance of nursing activities. I concluded that compared with satisfaction with home care, the personal impact of home-care nursing was a more basic interest to the women and that the perceived relevance of nursing activities is an important standard for appraising that impact. I recommend that researchers use phenomenological methods to discern life-world descriptors of the personal impact of home-care nursing and use those descriptors to develop indicators to measure the personal impact of home-care nursing.
High Strain-Rate Compressive Characteristics of Carbon/Epoxy Laminated Composites in Through-Thickness Direction
Authors: Yokoyama Takashi
Published: March 2009

Compressive stress-strain characteristics of carbon/epoxy laminated composites in the through-thickness direction at strain rates of over 1000/s were evaluated using the standard split Hopkinson pressure bar. Three carbon/epoxy laminated composites (i.e., unidirectional, cross-ply and woven) with almost the same thickness were tested at room temperature. Small solid cylindrical specimens were machined such that the direction of the compression loading was perpendicular to the fiber direction of the laminates. The effects of strain rate and reinforcement geometry on the secant modulus at 1% strain, ultimate compressive strength and strain, and total strain energy to failure were examined in detail.
Stress Analysis of Holes in Thick Plates
Authors: Quinn S. , Dulieu-Barton Janice M.
Published: March 2009

A review of the Stress Concentration Factors (SCFs) obtained from normal and oblique holes in thick flat plates loaded in uniaxial tension has been conducted. The review focuses on values from the plate surface and discusses the ramifications of making a plane stress assumption.
40 Years of "Strain": A Retrospective Review
Authors: Stanley Peter
Published: March 2009

The paper provides a picture of the changes and advances in the field of strain measurement, as represented by the contents of the journal “strain”, from its inception in 1965 to the present day.
The Use of Fibre Optic Sensors for Damage Detection and Location in Structural Materials
Authors: Thursby G. , Sorazu B. , Betz D. , Staszewski M. , Culshaw B.
Published: March 2009

The measurement of changes in the properties of ultrasonic Lamb waves propagating through structural material has frequently been proposed as a method for the detection of damage. In this paper we describe work that uses optical fibre sensors to detect the Lamb waves and show that the directional properties of these sensors allow us to not only detect damage, but also to locate it. We look at two types of optical fibre sensor, a polarimetric sensor and the fibre Bragg grating. The polarimetric sensor measures the change in birefringence of a fibre caused by the pressure wave of the ultrasound acting upon it. This is an integrated sensor since the fibre length bonded to the sample needs to be greater than the ultrasonic wavelength in order to obtain the required sensitivity. The maximum sensitivity of this sensor is when the fibre is positioned normal to the direction of wave propagation. Fibre Bragg gratings are essentially point sensors since the grating length needs to be a fraction of the ultrasound wavelength to obtain maximum sensitivity. Ultrasound is detected mainly through the in-plane strain it produces and maximum sensitivity is therefore produced when the grating is aligned parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Holes drilled into sample plates can be detected using both type of sensor by examining the changes in either the transmitted Lamb wave or through detection of the reflections produced by the hole. The sensitivity of the technique is shown to be determined by the relative positions of the acoustic source, the hole and the sensor. If we use fibre Bragg gratings in a rosette configuration (i.e. 3 gratings forming an equilateral triangle) then the direction of the Lamb wave can be determined using the directional sensitivities of the gratings. Using two such rosettes allows us to calculate the source of the wave from the intersection of two of these directions. If the source of the wave is the hole (which acts as a passive source), then the location of that hole can be determined.
Development of a Temperature Calibration Device for Thermoelastic Stress Analysis
Authors: Dulieu-Barton Janice M. , Quinn S. , Eyre C. , Cunningham P.R.
Published: March 2009

A means of calibrating the effect of temperature on the thermoelastic signal obtained
from the Deltatherm system is described. A design of a suitable calibration device is covered and sample results presented and discussed.
High Temperature Behaviour of Materials and Components under Creep Conditions
Authors: Hyde Thomas H. , Sun W.
Published: March 2009

This paper describes some recent work on the stress analyses and failure prediction of some typical pressurised high temperature components under creep conditions, including plain pipes, pipe bends, branch connections and welds etc, in the main steam pipework of power plant. The materials used are typically low alloy ferritic CrMoV steels. Experimental creep testing methods, and the procedures used for generating the material properties in creep and damage constitutive equations, are briefly described. Some typical numerical results are presented to illustrate the main characteristics of the behaviour of these components and to demonstrate the
effects of geometry, material properties and loading modes on stress distributions and failure life predictions. The emphasis of the paper is on welded components.
Diagnosis of Noise Radiation Mechanisms from a Wind Turbine Generator
Authors: Harper M.F. , Thompson M.
Published: March 2009

Noise from a source such as an engine or gearbox can travel through a surrounding
structure by many routes. It can be very difficult to reduce noise transmission to the environment or to operators or passengers, because many paths contribute to the transmission and it may not be clear which need to be treated. In order to apply effective control measures, it is very helpful to start with knowledge of the relative importance of the various possible paths. We report on a method that allows the strengths of the different paths to be quantified and ranked in order of importance, without having to dismantle or disconnect the system. Having measured these, and then having measured the levels of noise being injected into each path by the engine or gearbox, the contribution of each path to transmitted noise can then be estimated. Finally the noise reduction obtained by treating any desired combination of paths can be predicted. We refer to the method as “Transmission Path Audit” (TPA).
The method was applied to an operating wind turbine that was giving noise problems. A TPA was carried out: it indicated that the problem was due to the turbine blades and tower, which between them radiated the bulk of the noise at three different tonal frequencies. Based on these results, damping treatments were applied to the blades and tower, and noise radiation was reduced to acceptable levels. The TPA method has very general applicability, and can be used to characterise noise transmission through a wide range of structures. It is likely to be particularly useful in tracing transmission paths through vehicles, from the power plant to the passenger space. Its novelty lies in its being entirely non-intrusive.
Novel Health Monitoring Procedure for Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Authors: Trendafilova Irina , Imbabi M.
Published: March 2009

This research considers the problem for vibration based damage diagnosis in reinforced concrete slabs. It suggests the analysis of the time domain measured accelerations for the purposes of fault detection and quantification. The measured accelerations from different damage states of the slab are first subjected to initial transforms to bring them to vectors with reasonable component number. These vectors are further transformed using principal components analysis (PCA), which brings their coordinates down to two. In addition to reducing the number of measured acceleration points, PCA clusters the new vectors making distinguishable the different damage states. The results from the application of the suggested method convincingly demonstrate that the method can be applied for fault detection as well as for estimating the damage extent.
The Design and Analysis of a New Type of Vibration Structure
Authors: Li Din Geng , Cao Ji Guang , Wang Jun Wen , Chen Chuan Yao
Published: March 2009

In this paper, a new type of vibration structure (i.e. swing frame) of vertical dynamic balancing machine is designed, which is based on the analysis of traditional double-plane vertical dynamic balancing machine’s swing frame. The static unbalance and couple unbalance can be separated effectively by using the new dynamic balancing machine with the new swing frame. The modal and harmonic responses are analyzed by using the ANSYS7.0. By comparing the finite element modal analysis with the experimental modal analysis, the natural frequencies and vibration modes are found out, which can provide the dynamics direction for designing vertical dynamic balancing machine. The new dynamic balancing machine can measure static unbalance and couple unbalance directly, and the influence between them is faint. The practical result indicates that the new vertical dynamic balancing machine is suitable for inertial measurement of flying objects, and can overcome the shortcomings of traditional double-plane vertical dynamic balancing machines, in which the effect of plane-separation is inferior. The vertical dynamic balancing machine with the new vibration structure can be widely used in the future application.
Texture Analysis in Composites Formed from Waste Materials
Authors: Clarkson Simon , James Adrian , Walker Neil
Published: March 2009

Laminar composites have been formed from waste paper and suitable water based
binders using a two stage binding technique. The new materials can have physical and mechanical properties equivalent to spruce pine and superior to other wood substitutes such as MDF. The degree of penetration of the binder into the paper is a critical factor in achieving the desired properties and there is a need for rapid assessment of the penetration of the binder. A technique based on the forcing of a probe into the laminate has been developed. Several probe geometries have been investigated and an optimum process established. By analysing the force / displacement graph generated by the probe, and applying a fast Fourier transformation the degree of binder penetration can be established.
Task-Oriented Hierarchical Planning and Scheduling for Discrete Manufacturing Enterprise
Authors: Wang Guo Lei , Lin Lin , Zhong S.S.
Published: March 2009

Considering the complexity and uncertainty of production planning in large manufacturing enterprise, hierarchical planning and scheduling is an effective solution to overcome the difficulty of scheduling both in long term and short term. Choosing a discrete task-oriented manufacturing factory as prototype, a hierarchical planning and scheduling model is developed, which consists of key resource leveling, detailed operation scheduling and workshop control. The upper level optimizes the bottleneck resource allocation based on aggregate networks of product, to make a feasible long term plan; short term schedule is then generated in medium level, using more detailed network; the schedule is finally executed in bottom level, which introduces a re-scheduling strategy to eliminate the plan error. To solve the model, the universal aggregate task network model and the algorithm for each level are researched. The simulation result demonstrated that the hierarchical method is valid and valuable in practice.
Design Optimization Process of Complex Product Based on MDO
Authors: Wang W. , Fan Wen Hui , Chang T.Q. , Xiong G.L.
Published: March 2009

Complex products are integrated by many subsystems through complex couplings. It is
fussy to do design optimization on complex product in traditional mode. In this paper, a new design
optimization process is illustrated based MDO technology. First, the traditional design optimization
process of complex product is analyzed. And then, the MDO techniques are introduced. Using the
MDO techniques, we conclude a new design optimization process which can improve the efficiency
and the steps of this process is illustrated.
Numerical Simulation and Optimal Design of Rotary Draw Bending Pipe
Authors: Lai Yi Nan , Zhang G. Y. , Yu H.N. , Liu Gang Feng
Published: March 2009

The numerical simulation method is used to solve the problems of pipe bending
manufacturing such as die with fine cracks, ovality of pipe. The fan-shaped die is welded with steel
plate in circle and rib in radial direction by the analysis of structural deformation. The optimal
design is provided with ovality of pipe as object variable and sliding slot dimensions as design
variables. Compared with experiential shape groove of slot, ovality of optimized slot decreases
about 10.5% in average. It greatly reduced the production cost using computer simulation method to
replace a lot of experiment improving tube-bending production.
Modeling and Simulation of a Externally Pressurized Spherical Gas Bearing
Authors: Zhang H.B. , Zhou L. , Yao Ying Xue , Qin Dong Li
Published: March 2009

Because of many advantages that other kinds of bearings can not match, for example
high precision and high speed, gas lubricated bearing has been used widely in areas such as
ultra-precision machine tool and inertia apparatus. The paper introduced an orifice restrictor
externally pressurized spherical gas bearing, which is easily shaped and has bigger stiffness in both
axial and radial directions. The paper also introduced a bearing force calculation model based on
finite partition of the bearing, in which the influence of the uniform pressure slot also considered.
Web-Based Enterprise Knowledge Management for Product Life-Cycle
Authors: Gong Ai Min , Jiang Ping Yu
Published: March 2009

Currently, Internet/Intranet-based enterprise knowledge management for product
life-cycle plays a very important role. For modern enterprises, knowledge management is applied to
enhance the core power of competition and development. The internet/intranet-based enterprise
knowledge management will be helpful to all the stages of the whole product life-cycle, including
the excavation of knowledge, verification flow, knowledge sharing and innovation, coding
management technology, knowledge attribute view and application knowledge-unit technology etc.
This paper mainly discusses how to implement overall structure of networked knowledge
management, construction, key technology specification and practical application of enterprises.
Relationships among SFLP, DFLP and Robust Layout
Authors: Suo Xiao Hong , Liu Zhan Qiang
Published: March 2009

Facility layout plays an important role in the performance of manufacturing systems.
Firstly, this paper describes the derivations and classification of facility layout problem (FLP). The
concepts of static facility layout problem (SFLP), dynamic facility layout problem (DFLP) and
robust layout problem are introduced, and their main performance characteristics are compared
with each other. Then, the procedure of rearrangement costs in DFLP is proposed. Some main
characteristics of SFLP and DFLP, DFLP and robust layout are compared respectively. Lastly, the
difference and connection among SFLP, DFLP and robust layout are analyzed. The research results
indicate that the dynamic facility layout and robust layout are suitable for the dynamic and
changeable manufacturing systems. The method for development of DFLP and its implementation
are presented based on SFLP and robust layout.
Population Diversity and Algorithm Realization of Sustainable HFC Model
Authors: Li Shao Bo , Chen Xi
Published: March 2009

HFC (Hierarchical Fair Competition) model is a kind of sustainable EA based on
hierarchical search. On the basis of studying the sustainable evolutionary theory of HFC model
deeply, in the HFC model the admission and export threshold are proposed to divide all fitness
grade. And it is suggested that both static and active thresholds is used by the complication of
different problems. In addition, through analyzing the parameters and topology space of HFC
model, it is gained to the organize framework and detailed algorithm structure. Finally, it is proved
by exercise that HFC model can maintain the diversity of population and assure the fair competition
during individuals effectively.
Manufacturing Process Flow Reasoning of Micro Device Based on Ontology
Authors: Liu Zheng , Jiang Ping Yu , Zhou S.Y.
Published: March 2009

Based on feature modeling technology, a method of manufacturing process flow
reasoning of micro device is presented to support the top-down design flow. The knowledge of
micro device is hierarchically organized to construct the ontology-based knowledge database that is
combined with the expert system by an interface. With the support of process databases, the
manufacturing process flow is derived by process reasoning.
The Design of Self-Adjusting Delivering Warp Mechanism in Knitted Carpet Weaving Equipment
Authors: Meng Zhuo , Sun Jing Jing , Sun Zhi Jun , Zeng L.
Published: March 2009

The tension of warp and weft run through the whole weaving process in knitted carpet
weaving equipment. The performance of delivering warp mechanism and guiding weft mechanism
in this kind of equipment influences the quality of carpet directly. A self-adjusting delivering warp
mechanism is designed in this thesis, which is used in knitted carpet weaving equipment or other
textile equipment that delivers warp by warp-spindle and demands even warp tension. The
self-adjusting delivering warp mechanism consists of the device for setting and detecting warp
tension, the device for driving warp-spindle in different speed, and the device for transmitting
warp-spindle movement. The device for setting and detecting warp tension can determine
initialization tension of warp, according to the technical requirements, can detect and feed back
warp tension in real time. The device for driving warp-spindle in different speed makes the rotating
speed of warp-spindle change according to the warp tension. The self-adjusting delivering warp
mechanism realizes the function on controlling the rotating speed of warp-spindle in closed loop,
and on stabilizing delivering warp tension.