bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core‐binding factor acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21): Risk factors and a novel scoring system (I‐CBFit)
Authors: Ustun Celalettin , Morgan Elizabeth , Moodie Erica E. M. , Pullarkat Sheeja , Yeung Cecilia , Broesby‐Olsen Sigurd , Ohgami Robert , Kim Young , Sperr Wolfgang , Vestergaard Hanne , Chen Dong , Kluin Philip M. , Dolan Michelle , Mrózek Krzysztof , Czuchlewski David , Horny Hans‐Peter , George Tracy I. , Kristensen Thomas Kielsgaard , Ku Nam K. , Yi Cecilia Arana , Møller Michael Boe , Marcucci Guido , Baughn Linda , Schiefer Ana‐Iris , Hilberink J. R. , Pullarkat Vinod , Shanley Ryan , Kohlschmidt Jessica , Coulombe Janie , Salhotra Amandeep , Soma Lori , Cho Christina , Linden Michael A. , Akin Cem , Gotlib Jason , Hoermann Gregor , Hornick Jason , Nakamura Ryo , Deeg Joachim , Bloomfield Clara D. , Weisdorf Daniel , Litzow Mark R. , Valent Peter , Huls Gerwin , Perales Miguel‐Angel , Borthakur Gautam
Published: August 2018

Background

Although the prognosis of core‐binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is better than other subtypes of AML, 30% of patients still relapse and may require allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). However, there is no validated widely accepted scoring system to predict patient subsets with higher risk of relapse.

Methods

Eleven centers in the US and Europe evaluated 247 patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22).

Results

Complete remission (CR) rate was high (92.7%), yet relapse occurred in 27.1% of patients. A total of 24.7% of patients received alloHCT. The median disease‐free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival were 20.8 and 31.2 months, respectively. Age, KIT D816V mutated (11.3%) or nontested (36.4%) compared with KIT D816V wild type (52.5%), high white blood cell counts (WBC), and pseudodiploidy compared with hyper‐ or hypodiploidy were included in a scoring system (named I‐CBFit). DFS rate at 2 years was 76% for patients with a low‐risk I‐CBFit score compared with 36% for those with a high‐risk I‐CBFit score (P < 0.0001). Low‐ vs high‐risk OS at 2 years was 89% vs 51% (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

I‐CBFit composed of readily available risk factors can be useful to tailor the therapy of patients, especially for whom alloHCT is not need in CR1 (ie, patients with a low‐risk I‐CBFit score).
The impact of liver resection on survival outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with extrahepatic metastases: A propensity score matching study
Authors: Mao Kai , Yan Yongcong , Zhang Jianlong , Wang Jie , Wang Ruomei , Ling Xiaojuan , Liu Yingyue , Lau Wan Yee , Jiang Shuai , Liu Jieqiong , Xiao Zhiyu
Published: August 2018

Background

The majority of hepatocellular carcinoma patients (HCCs) with extrahepatic metastases die of progressive intrahepatic tumor. There have been little data on the role of primary tumor resection (PTR) for HCCs with extrahepatic metastases but with resectable primary tumors.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on HCCs with extrahepatic metastases with resectable primary tumors who either underwent or did not undergo PTR in the SEER registry between 2004 and 2013. The overall and cancer‐specific survivals (OS and CSS) were assessed by the log‐rank test and the Cox proportional hazard regression model. A propensity score matching was conducted to minimize biases. Validation was performed in another cohort from the Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital (SYSMH).

Results

Of the 529 HCCs with extrahepatic metastases with resectable primary tumors included into this study, 230 patients underwent PTR and 299 did not. The percentages of patients who underwent PTR increased from 38.6% in 2004 to 70.3% in 2013. In the propensity score‐matched patients, PTR was associated with improved OS (HR 0.310, P < 0.001) and CSS (HR 0.326, P <0.001). These improvements in survivals remained significant after sensitivity analyses using multiple imputation. In the validation cohort from the SYSMH (n = 131), PTR was also correlated with improved OS (HR 0.508, P = 0.002) and CSS (HR 0.568, P = 0.017).

Conclusions

This study using propensity score matching and multiple imputation demonstrated that PTR had a favorable impact on the prognosis of HCCs with extrahepatic metastases with resectable primary tumors. Further prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Antisite Defects in Sol‐Gel‐Synthesized LiFePO4 at Higher Temperature: Effect on Lithium‐Ion Diffusion
Authors: Raj Hari , Rani Sonia , Sil Anjan
Published: August 2018

In the present work, the study of atomic defects in LiFePO4 is achieved by Rietveld refinements. Several LiFePO4 samples are synthesized by using a sol‐gel process with varying calcination times and argon flow rates. Quantitative analysis of XRD patterns through Rietveld refinements confirms 2 % antisite defects in the LiFePO4 sample. However, for the first time, we have observed antisite defects in LiFePO4 prepared through a sol‐gel process at a higher temperature of 700 °C. Two samples identified as LFP−A and LFP−B are further studied by electrochemical analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to examine the effect of the antisite defects on the electrochemical performances and Li‐ion diffusion of LiFePO4. Sample LFP−B with 2 % antisite defects shows, at 0.1 C rate, a lower discharge capacity of 138 mAh g−1 as compared to 150 mAh g−1 for LFP−A. LFP−B also shows shorter cycle life as well as rate capability at all of the C rates studied. Li‐ion diffusion coefficients of LFP−A and LFP−B in initially prepared electrodes are found to be 1.669×10−13 and 1.198×10−13 cm2 s−1, respectively, whereas the diffusion coefficients after 200 cycles are 0.968×10−13 and 0.436×10−13 cm2 s−1, respectively.
Solvent Effects on the Reversible Intercalation of Magnesium‐Ions into V2O5 Electrodes
Authors: Attias Ran , Salama Michael , Hirsch Baruch , Gofer Yosef , Aurbach Doron
Published: August 2018

The choice for solvents in electrolyte solutions for non‐aqueous magnesium batteries is currently limited to ethers. However, the scientific community regularly uses acetonitrile (ACN) based electrolyte solutions as model systems in order to characterize new cathode materials for rechargeable Magnesium batteries. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of dimethoxyethane (DME), an important solvent for rechargeable magnesium systems, on the reversible intercalation of Mg2+ cations into thin, monolithic V2O5 films. The effect of DME on the intercalation kinetic have been examined via chronopotentiometry, galvanostatic and galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT) measurements. In addition, we explored basic scientific questions related to the structure of ACN:DME based electrolyte solutions via Raman spectroscopy and surface chemistry of V2O5/Mg(ClO4)2/ACN:DME systems via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We found that addition of DME to the Mg(ClO4)2/ACN solution results in replacing the ACN‐Mg2+ cation by the more thermodynamically stable 3DME‐Mg2+ solvate structure. We also found that the DME‐Mg interaction forms stable solution structures that kinetically slow down the insertion of the Mg2+ cations into V2O5, compared with the less coordinated situation in solutions based solely on ACN.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by a Synthetic [FeFe] Hydrogenase Mimic Encapsulated in a Porphyrin Cage
Authors: Nurttila Sandra S. , Becker René , Hessels Joeri , Woutersen Sander , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: August 2018

The design of a biomimetic and fully base metal photocatalytic system for photocatalytic proton reduction in a homogeneous medium is described. A synthetic pyridylphosphole‐appended [FeFe] hydrogenase mimic was encapsulated inside a supramolecular zinc porphyrin‐based metal–organic cage structure Fe4(Zn‐L)6. The binding is driven by the selective pyridine–zinc porphyrin interaction and results in the catalyst being bound strongly inside the hydrophobic cavity of the cage. Excitation of the capsule‐forming porphyrin ligands with visible light while probing the IR spectrum confirmed that electron transfer takes place from the excited porphyrin cage to the catalyst residing inside the capsule. Light‐driven proton reduction was achieved by irradiation of an acidic solution of the caged catalyst with visible light.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Supramolecular Coordination Polymers Using Giant Metal–Organic Nanocapsules as Building Blocks
Authors: Zhang Chen , Wang Fang , Patil Rahul S. , Barnes Charles L. , Li Tao , Atwood Jerry L.
Published: August 2018

Controlling the self‐assembly of giant molecular building blocks into complex architectures with similar hierarchy to biological species remains a major challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Akin to protein structure, here we present the self‐assembly of giant molecular nanocapsules into supramolecular coordination polymers with controlled hierarchy from primary to secondary and tertiary structures. First, we successfully prepared discrete nanocapsules (secondary structures) consisting of multicomponents, such as organic macrocycles and metal‐based secondary building units (primary structures). Second, these nanocapsules can self‐organize into various 2D and 3D supramolecular coordination polymers (tertiary structures) through coordination‐driven assembly. The periphery 24 flexible alkyl chains and 24 metal ions available for potential coordination make these nanocapsules comparable to functionalized solid nanoparticles with non‐specific binding sites at the surface and allow the nanocapsules to self‐adjust their orientations and coordination modes to facilitate the self‐assembly process. This study sheds light on the self‐assembly of giant building units with complex molecular structures and opens up possibilities for the design of new hierarchical architectures with innovative properties and functions in many applications such as biomimics, biomedicine, and molecular devices.
Short‐term outcomes of pulmonary embolism: A National Perspective
Authors: Shah Purav , Arora Shilpkumar , Kumar Varun , Sharma Surina , Shah Harshil , Tripathi Byomesh , Sharma Purnima , Sharma Ravina , Savani Sejal , Qureshi Muhammad Raheel , Faruqi Ibrahim
Published: August 2018

Background

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Real time data on 90‐day mortality, bleeding, and readmission is sparse.

Methods

The study cohort was derived from the National Readmission Data (NRD) 2013 to 2014. PE was identified using International Classification of Diseases, ninth Revision (ICD‐9‐CM) code 415.11/3/9 in the primary diagnosis field. Any admission within 90 days of primary admission was considered a 90‐day readmission. Readmission etiologies were identified by ICD‐9 code in the primary diagnosis field. Co‐primary outcomes were 90‐day readmission and 90‐day mortality.

Results

We identified 260 614 patients with primary admission PE, 55 659 (21.36%) patients were readmitted within 90 days. Most of them were of old age (age ≥ 65 years: 49.04%) and females (52.78%). Among the etiologies of readmission pulmonary disorders (22.94%) (Including recurrent PE 7.33%), malignancies (8.31%), and bleeding disorders (6.75%) were the most important causes of 90‐day readmissions. On multivariate analysis, higher readmission rates and 90 days mortality were seen in patients with heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, Anemia, malignancy, and with higher Charlson score. Patients with longer length of stay during primary admission and who discharged to short/long‐term facility were more likely get readmitted and die in 90 days. Paradoxically, obese patients showed an inverse relationship with co‐primary outcomes.

Conclusions

Older female patients were more likely to have a pulmonary embolism. High‐risk groups such as heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, anemia, and malignancy need to be given extra attention to prevent worse outcomes.
Temperature and De‐icing Salt, Effect on the Activated Sludge Respiration
Authors: Vítězová Monika , Nitayapat Nuttakan , Vítěz Tomáš
Published: August 2018

The respiratory activity of microorganisms in sewage sludge is affected by several physicochemical factors, and a considerable amount of information concerning the influence of individual factors has been recorded. However, very little is known about their effects in combination. In the recent past, the concentration of chlorides entering wastewater has increased greatly and the major source is sodium chloride, which is used in large quantities to de‐ice roads in winter. In this article, the effects of various concentrations of sodium chloride at different temperatures on the respiratory activity of the microorganisms have been examined. It is found that low temperature (6°C) and high concentrations of NaCl (1 M) had drastic effects on the metabolism of the microorganisms in activated sludge; the acclimation phase of activated sludge is 117 h. Not only is their respiratory activity strongly depressed but also the length of their acclimation period is greatly magnified.
Floating Wetlands: A Sustainable Tool for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Shahid Munazzam Jawad , Arslan Muhammad , Ali Shafaqat , Siddique Muhammad , Afzal Muhammad
Published: August 2018

Floating treatment wetland (FTW) is an effective and sustainable technology for wastewater treatment. It has been widely adopted for treating various kinds of polluted water including agricultural runoff, stormwater, industrial effluents, etc. In FTWs, plants are vegetated on a floating mat while their roots are extended down to the contaminated water hence acting as biological filters. Nutrients and potentially toxic metal(s)/element(s) are taken up from the wastewater by plants through their roots whereas organic matter is degraded by the microorganisms forming biofilms on the roots and mat surface. Additionally, organic contaminants which are already taken up by the plants are degraded by endophytic bacteria in planta. This article provides an overview of FTWs and their application for wastewater treatment. The key factors which have an impact on the performance of FTWs are also described. Lastly, the potential role of combined use of plants and bacteria in FTWs for the maximum remediation of polluted water is emphasized.
No evidence of overweight in long‐term survivors of childhood cancer after glucocorticoid treatment
Authors: Belle Fabiën N. , Kasteler Rahel , Schindera Christina , Bochud Murielle , Ammann Roland A. , von der Weid Nicolas X. , Kuehni Claudia E. ,   for the Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group (SPOG)
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

Glucocorticoids can lead to weight gain during cancer treatment, but to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding their long‐term effects in childhood cancer survivors (CCS).

METHODS

As part of the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, the authors sent a questionnaire to CCS aged <21 years at diagnosis who were residing in Switzerland, had survived ≥5 years, and were aged 15 to 45 years at the time of the survey. Cumulative doses of glucocorticoids were assessed from medical records and study protocols and body mass index was calculated from self‐reported height and weight at the time of the survey. The authors compared the prevalence of overweight between CCS, their siblings, and the general population (Swiss Health Survey [SHS]) and investigated the association between overweight and treatment‐related risk factors using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS

The study included 1936 CCS, 546 siblings, and 9591 SHS participants. The median age of the CCS at the time of the survey was 24 years (interquartile range, 20‐31 years) and the median time since diagnosis was 17 years (interquartile range, 12‐22 years). At the time of the survey, approximately 26% of CCS were overweight, a percentage that was comparable to that among siblings (24%) and the SHS participants (25%). The prevalence of overweight was 24% in CCS treated with glucocorticoids only (686 CCS), 37% in those treated with cranial radiotherapy (CRT) (127 CCS), and 49% in those who received treatment with both glucocorticoids and CRT (101 CCS) (P < .001). The authors found no evidence of a dose‐response relationship between cumulative glucocorticoid doses and overweight and no evidence that CRT modified the effect of the cumulative glucocorticoid dose on overweight.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current study suggest that glucocorticoids used for the treatment of childhood cancer are not associated with long‐term risk of overweight.
Fully coupled fluid‐electro‐mechanical model of the human heart for supercomputers
Authors: Santiago Alfonso , Aguado‐Sierra Jazmín , Zavala‐Aké Miguel , Doste‐Beltran Ruben , Gómez Samuel , Arís Ruth , Cajas Juan C. , Casoni Eva , Vázquez Mariano
Published: August 2018

In this work, we present a fully coupled fluid‐electro‐mechanical model of a 50th percentile human heart. The model is implemented on Alya, the BSC multi‐physics parallel code, capable of running efficiently in supercomputers. Blood in the cardiac cavities is modeled by the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations and an arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) scheme. Electrophysiology is modeled with a monodomain scheme and the O'Hara‐Rudy cell model. Solid mechanics is modeled with a total Lagrangian formulation for discrete strains using the Holzapfel‐Ogden cardiac tissue material model. The three problems are simultaneously and bidirectionally coupled through an electromechanical feedback and a fluid‐structure interaction scheme. In this paper, we present the scheme in detail and propose it as a computational cardiac workbench.
Tailoring the 3D Structure of Pd Nanocatalysts Supported on Mesoporous Carbon for Furfural Hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Wu , Villa Alberto , Kübel Christian , Hahn Horst , Wang Di
Published: August 2018

By quantitative 3D structural characterization of Pd nanoparticles supported on mesoporous carbon, we identify the most important structural aspects of the catalysts, which are responsible for the activity, selectivity and stability in liquid phase furfural hydrogenation. A systematic series of catalysts were prepared by three synthetic methods: incipient wetness impregnation, wet impregnation and immobilization of preformed PVA stabilized nanoparticles in order to control the Pd nanoparticle distribution on the external and internal surfaces of the mesoporous carbon. The activity and selectivity of these catalysts are highly affected by the particle locations. More Pd nanoparticles located inside pores promote the formation of 2‐methyl furan, while selectivity to furfuryl alcohol and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is suppressed correspondingly. Through recycling tests we find that leaching depends on the synthesis process and plays an important role with respect to catalytic stability.
[Cp*RhIII]/Ionic Liquid as a Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalytic Medium for C−H Amidation
Authors: Ma Qiang , Yu Xinling , Lai Ruizhi , Lv Songyang , Dai Weiyang , Zhang Chen , Wang Xiaolong , Wang Qiantao , Wu Yong
Published: August 2018

A [Cp*RhIII]‐catalyzed direct C−H amidation is carried out in ionic liquid. Both C(sp2)−H bonds of (hetero)arenes and alkenes and unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds can be easily amidated with high functional‐group tolerance and excellent yields under these conditions. Notably, using [Cp*RhIII]/[BMIM]BF4 (BMIM=1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) as the green and recyclable medium is environmentally benign, in light of characteristics such as the reusability of the expensive rhodium catalyst, avoidance of highly toxic organic solvents, and mild reaction conditions, as well as a short reaction time.
Propagation of electrostatic energy through a quantum plasma
Authors: Moradi Afshin
Published: August 2018

The theory of propagation of electrostatic energy through an infinite, homogeneous electron–ion quantum plasma is presented. Simple expressions for the energy flow, energy density, and energy velocity of longitudinal oscillation waves in the system are derived using the linearized quantum hydrodynamic theory for the electron fluid, which incorporates the important quantum statistical pressure and electron diffraction force, while the optical response of the ion particles is characterized by the classical frequency‐dependent dielectric function, ϵion. Both cases of plasmon (high‐frequency) and quantum ion‐acoustic (low‐frequency) waves are considered.
Automation of the in vitro micronucleus assay using the Imagestream® imaging flow cytometer
Authors: Rodrigues Matthew A.
Published: August 2018

The in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay is a well‐established test for evaluating genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The use of manual microscopy to perform the assay can be laborious and often suffers from user subjectivity and interscorer variability. Automated methods including slide‐scanning microscopy and conventional flow cytometry have been developed to eliminate scorer bias and improve throughput. However, these methods possess several limitations such as lack of cytoplasmic visualization using slide‐scanning microscopy and the inability to visually confirm the legitimacy of MN or storage of image data for re‐evaluation using flow cytometry. The ImageStreamX® MK II (ISX) imaging flow cytometer has been demonstrated to overcome all of these limitations. The ISX combines the speed, statistical robustness, and rare event capture capability of conventional flow cytometry with high resolution fluorescent imagery of microscopy and possesses the ability to store all collected image data. This paper details the methodology developed to perform the in vitro MN assay in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells on the ISX. High resolution images of micronucleated mono‐ and bi‐nucleated cells as well as polynucleated cells can be acquired at a high rate of capture. All images can then be automatically identified, categorized and enumerated in the data analysis software that accompanies the ImageStream, allowing for the scoring of both genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The results demonstrate that statistically significant increases in MN frequency when compared with solvent controls can be detected at varying levels of cytotoxicity following exposure to well‐known aneugens and clastogens. This work demonstrates a fully automated method for performing the in vitro micronucleus assay on the ISX imaging flow cytometry platform. © 2018 The Author. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
Sculpting the skull through neurosensory epithelial–mesenchymal signaling
Authors: Yang Lu M. , Ornitz David M.
Published: August 2018

The vertebrate skull is a complex structure housing the brain and specialized sensory organs, including the eye, the inner ear, and the olfactory system. The close association between bones of the skull and the sensory organs they encase has posed interesting developmental questions about how the tissues scale with one another. Mechanisms that regulate morphogenesis of the skull are hypothesized to originate in part from the encased neurosensory organs. Conversely, the developing skull is hypothesized to regulate the growth of neurosensory organs, through mechanical forces or molecular signaling. Here, we review studies of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions during inner ear and olfactory system development that may coordinate the growth of the two sensory organs with their surrounding bone. We highlight recent progress in the field and provide evidence that mechanical forces arising from bone growth may affect olfactory epithelium development. Developmental Dynamics 248:88–97, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compartmentalized Devices as Tools for Investigation of Human Brain Network Dynamics
Authors: Fantuzzo Joseph A. , Hart Ronald P. , Zahn Jeffrey D. , Pang Zhiping P.
Published: August 2018

Neuropsychiatric disorders have traditionally been difficult to study due to the complexity of the human brain and limited availability of human tissue. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells provide a promising avenue to further our understanding of human disease mechanisms, but traditional 2D cell cultures can only provide a limited view of the neural circuits. To better model complex brain neurocircuitry, compartmentalized culturing systems and 3D organoids have been developed. Early compartmentalized devices demonstrated how neuronal cell bodies can be isolated both physically and chemically from neurites. Soft lithographic approaches have advanced this approach and offer the tools to construct novel model platforms, enabling circuit‐level studies of disease, which can accelerate mechanistic studies and drug candidate screening. In this review, we describe some of the common technologies used to develop such systems and discuss how these lithographic techniques have been used to advance our understanding of neuropsychiatric disease. Finally, we address other in vitro model platforms such as 3D culture systems and organoids and compare these models with compartmentalized models. We ask important questions regarding how we can further harness iPS cells in these engineered culture systems for the development of improved in vitro models. Developmental Dynamics 248:65–77, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulating 6TiSCH networks
Authors: Municio Esteban , Daneels Glenn , Vučinić Mališa , Latré Steven , Famaey Jeroen , Tanaka Yasuyuki , Brun Keoma , Muraoka Kazushi , Vilajosana Xavier , Watteyne Thomas
Published: August 2018

6TiSCH is a working group at the IETF, which is standardizing how to combine IEEE802.15.4 time‐slotted channel hopping (TSCH) with IPv6. The result is a solution that offers both industrial performance and seamless integration into the Internet and is therefore seen as a key technology for the Industrial Internet of Things. This article presents the 6TiSCH simulator, created as part of the standardization activity, and which has been used extensively by the working group. The goal of the simulator is to benchmark 6TiSCH against realistic scenarios, something which is hard to do using formal models or real‐world deployments. This article discusses the overall architecture of the simulator, details the different models it uses (ie, energy and propagation), compares it to other simulation/emulation platforms, and presents five published examples of how the 6TiSCH simulator has been used.
Particle filtering of volatility dynamics for KOSPI200 and its sequential prediction
Authors: Kwon Tae Yeon
Published: August 2018

This paper examines a method of filtering the volatility dynamics of the KOSPI200 index under a stochastic volatility model. This study applies a particle filter algorithm for sequential estimation of volatility dynamics. In order to improve our estimation, the cross‐asset class approach is adopted by adding option price information to the model. The entire estimation procedure including the derivation of theoretical option price is based on Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, so the method presented in this paper can be applied to diversified volatility models. Through the simulation study, we confirm that this method can estimate unknown volatility dynamics correctly, and the use of additional option prices improves both the accuracy and efficiency of volatility filtering. The sequential one‐step‐ahead prediction of the distribution of the KOSPI 200 index and index option prices shows that the additional option price information also enhances the prediction performance.
Extranodal lymphomas in the public health system inChile:Analysis of 1251 patients from theNationalAdultCancerProgram
Authors: Peña Camila , Russo Moises , Martinez Virginia , Cabrera Maria Elena
Published: August 2018

The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics, anatomic and histologic distribution, and treatment results of extranodal lymphomas (ENLs), diagnosed and treated in the public health system in Chile. We included patients with ENL diagnosed from 1998 to 2014, in 17 cancer centers, registered prospectively in the database of the National Adult Cancer Program (PANDA) of the Ministry of Health. Treatment was based on the local protocols for each lymphoma subtype. Extranodal lymphoma was documented in 1215 of 4907 non‐Hodgkin lymphomas diagnosed in that period (25%). Median age was 59 years (range, 16‐95), and 55% were female. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract was the most common location (38%), followed by the head and neck (24%) and the skin (15%). B‐cell lymphomas accounted for 78% of cases, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma being the most common histologic subtype (68%). Mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome was the most frequent T‐cell subtype (36%), followed by NK/T‐cell lymphomanasal type (24%). In comparison with western countries, Chile showed a significantly high prevalence of NK/T‐cell lymphoma nasal type, while the frequency of B‐cell ENL and the anatomic distribution appeared similar, being GI the most commonly involved site.
How does self‐direction within learning operate to affect idea generation in small‐medium enterprise contexts?
Authors: Perkins Graham
Published: August 2018

Extant literature draws numerous links between aspects of human resource development (HRD) activity and organizational creativity/innovation, noting that investments in learning positively impact creative output. Within this research base, studies suggest that the ability to self‐direct learning activity can influence creative performance, but we do not yet understand how such processes operate, particularly in small‐medium enterprise (SME) contexts. Given the positive economic and social impacts generated by SMEs, themselves often being sources of breakthrough product or service innovation, this is an important research problem that requires our collective attention. This article argues that while the ability to self‐direct learning activity does contribute to the generation of ideas in SME contexts, the presence of multiple stakeholder voices in the learning conversation suggests that learning is better conceptualized as codirected rather than self‐directed. This study finds that codirected approaches to learning operate through a mechanism termed “participative dialogue,” whereby both employees and managers contribute to learning conversations. It also highlights the role of employee critical self‐appraisal in driving self‐directedness and contributing to the generation of ideas. Findings ultimately suggest that codirection of learning benefits idea generation because such approaches facilitate the emergence of unexpected patterns of thinking, which drive the divergence that creativity depends upon.
Traditional and commercial alcohols and esophageal cancer risk in Kenya
Authors: Menya Diana , Kigen Nicholas , Oduor Margaret , Maina Stephen Karuru , Some Fatma , Chumba David , Ayuo Paul , Osano Odipo , Middleton Daniel RS , Schüz Joachim , McCormack Valerie A
Published: August 2018

Squamous cell esophageal cancer is common throughout East Africa, but its etiology is poorly understood. We investigated the contribution of alcohol consumption to esophageal cancer in Kenya, based on a hospital‐based case–control study conducted from 08/2013 to 03/2018 in Eldoret, western Kenya. Cases had an endoscopy‐confirmed esophageal tumor whose histology did not rule out squamous cell carcinoma. Age and gender frequency‐matched controls were recruited from hospital visitors/patients without digestive diseases. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusting for tobacco (type, intensity) and 6 other potential confounders. A total of 422 cases (65% male, mean at diagnosis 60 (SD 14) years) and 414 controls were included. ORs for ever‐drinking were stronger in ever‐tobacco users (9.0, 95% CI: 3.4, 23.8, with few tobacco users who were never drinkers) than in never‐tobacco users (2.6, 95% CI: 1.6, 4.1). Risk increased linearly with number of drinks: OR for >6 compared to >0 to ≤2 drinks/day were 5.2 (2.4, 11.4) in ever‐tobacco users and 2.1 (0.7, 4.4) in never‐tobacco users. Although most ethanol came from low ethanol alcohols (busaa or beer), for the same ethanol intake, if a greater proportion came from the moonshine chang'aa, it was associated with a specific additional risk. The population attributable fraction for >2 drinks per day was 48% overall and highest in male tobacco users. Alcohol consumption, particularly of busaa and chang'aa, contributes to half of the esophageal cancer burden in western Kenya.
Use of TRL in the systems engineering toolbox
Authors: Bakke Kjersti , Haskins Cecilia
Published: August 2018

Technology Readiness Level (TRL) is used to evaluate the maturity of the Critical Technology Elements (CTE) in a project or program and indicates an assumed level of the remaining technical risks for each independent technology. This paper presents results of a literature review exploring the diversity of definitions applied to TRL. Survey results explore whether and how TRLs are used. Based on these results the authors assess to what degree TRL evaluations are suitable for organizations without separately trained and skilled readiness assessment personnel.
Requirements Management or Assurance Management? Keep the data integrated!
Authors: Beasley Richard , Cardow Iain , Pickard Andrew C
Published: August 2018

The successful development of complicated and/or complex systems is facilitated by the application of Systems Engineering. The System Engineering technical processes create a lot of information, which is subject to change during system development. This information must be appropriately managed and change controlled. Beyond the basic configuration management of selected documents the elements in these, including individual Requirements, Evidence, Definition and Verification (REDV) information, must be subject to configuration management and change control.

This paper reviews how this information should be managed as a whole, and so there should not be a focus on “merely” requirements management. Dick and Chard (2004)'s “requirements sandwich” and Scheithauer and Forsberg (2013)'s “Assurance V model” are combined in this paper into a REDV information management process. The types of information, the linkage to the technical processes that produce the information, how information changes during the iteration and integration activities in system development are described. This approach to the information management is recommended as a progressive assurance management process. This will ensure information is joined up (so the system remains a whole) and is integrated with the system development plan (particularly the design iterations).
Evolving Model‐Based Systems Engineering Ontologies and Structures
Authors: Vaneman Warren K.
Published: August 2018

Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is a mysterious concept that means many different things to different stakeholders. MBSE was envisioned to manage the increasing complexity within systems, by replacing traditional document‐based system engineering with a model‐based approach. However, more than a decade after MBSE was introduced, many systems engineering efforts still default to a “document‐like view” rather than integrated, “virtual,” representation of the system. This paper suggests a revised definition for MBSE which supports system design and analysis, throughout all phases of the system lifecycle, and through the collection of modeling languages, model‐based processes, structures, and presentation frameworks used to support the discipline of systems engineering in a model‐based or model‐driven context. To realize this definition, and an environment where the system is virtually represented, the long‐sought ontology must be attained for better definition and structure within MBSE. This paper explores how current MBSE methods can be extended to include an ontology.
A Framework for Understanding Systems Principles and Methods
Authors: Rousseau David
Published: August 2018

Systems Engineering is increasingly challenged by the rising complexity of projects undertaken, resulting in increases in costs, failure rates and negative unintended consequences. This has resulted in calls for more scientific principles to underpin the methods of Systems Engineering. In this paper, it is argued that our ability to improve Systems Engineering's methods depends on making the principles of Systemology, of which Systems Engineering is a part, more diverse and more scientific. An architecture for Systemology is introduced, which shows how the principles of Systemology arise from interdependent processes spanning multiple disciplinary fields, and on this basis a typology is introduced, which can be used to classify systems principles and systems methods, This framework, consisting of an architecture and a typology, can be used to survey and classify the principles and methods currently in use in Systemology, map vocabularies referring to them, identify key gaps, and expose opportunities for further development. It may thus serve as a tool for coordinating collaborative work towards advancing the scope and depth of Systemology.
Using Force‐Field Analysis as Part of Systems Engineering Strategy to Achieve Goals
Authors: Smartt Clement , Casey William , Ferreira Susan
Published: August 2018

This paper provides an overview of Force‐Field Analysis (FFA) and how to employ it within a defined systems engineering strategy framework to help achieve systems engineering goals. The systems engineering strategy framework has previously been introduced; it includes a high‐level model and a set of classes and attributes to facilitate systems engineering strategic decision‐making. However, no specific methods have been presented for how to use that framework to help achieve goals. FFA provides such a method, considering enablers and barriers related to achieving a goal. A strategist uses FFA to identify actions an organization can take to address the defined enablers and barriers. An example is provided to illustrate the use of FFA in the context of a systems engineering organization.
A UAV Case Study with Set‐based Design
Authors: Small Colin , Buchanan Randy , Pohl Edward , Parnell Gregory S. , Cilli Matthew , Goerger Simon , Wade Zephan
Published: August 2018

The DoD and Engineered Resilient Systems (ERS) community seek to leverage the capabilities of model‐based engineering (MBE) early in the design process to improve decision making in AoAs. Traditional tradespace exploration with point‐based design often converges quickly on a solution and engineering changes are required after this selection. Set‐based design considers sets of all possible solutions and enables down‐selecting possibilities to converge at a final solution. Using an Army case study and an open source excel add‐in called SIPMath, this research develops an integrated MBE model and example that simultaneously generates numerous designs through physics models into the value and cost tradespace allowing exploration for set‐based design analysis and producing a better efficient frontier than traditional point‐based design AoAs. Grouping design decisions into sets based on their characteristic decision, and simultaneously evaluating the value and cost tradespace, allows for a set‐based design approach that provides insight into the design decisions.
Concept Maturity Levels
Authors: Wheatcraft Louis S. , Lewis Layne
Published: August 2018

In this paper, the authors introduce and expand on a method first proposed in a paper: “Space Mission Concept Development Using Concept Maturity Levels (CMLs)” (Wessen, R. R. et al 2013). CMLs are a tool to help organizations access and mature a system concept in order to mitigate risks inherent in moving in to later development lifecycles when the feasibility of a concept has not been established. In the first part of the paper, we introduce the benefits and need for organizations to include the concept of CMLs in their systems engineering processes. We then go into more detail defining and explaining the activities and outcomes for each CML. A key application of CMLs is presented by the authors that maps CMLs to the Systems Engineering (SE) development lifecycles as well as to the concept of Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs). Next, we show how CMLs are an implementation of an older concept referred to as “The Doctrine of Successive Refinement.” Tools to help implement, manage, and mature the project through the various CMLs are presented. Lastly, several organizational approaches are described to help organizations initially mature system concepts faster than more traditional approaches.
Enhancing Automated Trade Studies using MBSE, SysML and PLM
Authors: Chadzynski Pawel Z. , Brown Barclay , Willemsen Patrick
Published: August 2018

One of the critical tasks of Systems Engineering MBSE methodology is execution of Trade Studies. Trade Studies are key to identifying the best‐in‐class architectural and realization alternatives. These studies often rely on physical characteristics of the available system elements represented by the “P” in the core system elements called RFLP (Requirements‐Functional‐Logical‐Physical). Such realization alternatives are not always easy to find for the Systems Engineers and often require tedious manual definition of the implementation elements in a system model. That information, however, often already resides within the enterprise design data and product configuration platforms – most likely a PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) system. This paper discusses how a proper integration between system model authoring tools (e.g. SysML) and PLM, can interactively and in real‐time deliver all relevant “P” information of the RFLP core used in trade studies and therefore save Systems Engineers a significant amount of time, eliminate incorrect assumptions, and maximize reuse.
Systems Engineering Pathology: Comprehensive Characterization of Systems Engineering Dysfunction
Authors: Davidz Heidi L. , Jackson Scott , Thomas Dale
Published: August 2018

In order to characterize dysfunction in the execution of the Systems Engineering (SE) process in a more methodical and systematic way, the Systems Science concept of Systems Pathology is extended to Systems Engineering Pathology. Poor SE execution can be due to inadequate execution, insufficient budgets, deficient interfacing, and other factors. These can be addressed by program/project audits and lessons learned. However, applying the science of Systems Pathology can provide a more integrated and methodical approach to address poor SE execution. SE Pathology can provide the holistic approach needed to better characterize dysfunction, for a better chance at intervention, prevention, and ultimately program success. Through a literature review, the logic behind Systems Engineering Pathology is explained and existing Systems Engineering Pathology work is discussed. These sources are aggregated to provide an expanded list of typical SE dysfunctions. Next steps for empirical study are proposed. Transfer of SE Pathology research findings to SE practice is discussed. As medicine has been gradually accumulating an understanding of causes, detection and treatment of diseased states, perhaps SE can begin to accumulate an understanding of causes, detection and treatment of dysfunctional execution. The objective would be to better achieve affordable, healthy SE functions enabled to positively influence program outcomes.
Retracted: microRNA‐590‐5p targets transforming growth factor β1 to promote chondrocyte apoptosis and autophagy in response to mechanical pressure injury
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Yumin , Song Wei , Ma Tao , Wang Kunzheng
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to investigate the role of miR‐590‐5p in chondrocyte apoptosis and autophagy in response to mechanical pressure injury in vitro, as well as to elucidate its regulatory mechanism in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. We applied mechanical pressure of 10 MPa to chondrocytes for 60 minutes to establish the chondrocyte model of experimentally induced mechanical injury. We then investigated the expression of miR‐590‐5p in the injury model and the effects of miR‐590‐5p dysregulation on the expression of cell apoptosis–related and autophagy‐related proteins. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Moreover, the potential targets of miR‐590‐5p were investigated. Mechanical pressure injury resulted in a significantly increased expression of miR‐590‐5p. Suppression of miR‐590‐5p significantly increased chondrocytes viability, inhibited chondrocytes apoptosis and autophagy in response to mechanical pressure injury. In addition, mechanical pressure injury led to a decreased expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). Moreover, TGFβ1 was confirmed as a direct target of miR‐590‐5p. Knockdown of TGFβ1 significantly induced chondrocytes apoptosis and autophagy in response to mechanical pressure injury, which was contrary to the effects of miR‐590‐5p suppression. Furthermore, overexpression of TGFβ1 and miR‐590‐5p at the same time significantly reversed the effects of overexpression of miR‐590‐5p alone on chondrocytes apoptosis and autophagy. Our results indicate that upregulation of miR‐590‐5p may target TGFβ1 to promote chondrocyte apoptosis and autophagy in response to mechanical pressure injury, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
Hybrid reactive distillation using polyoctylmethylsiloxane membrane for isopentyl acetate production from mixed PVA by products
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Chao , Guang Chao , Gao Jun , Zhang Zhishan
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

The transesterification of methyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol catalyzed by ionic liquids is a new environment‐friendly method for isopentyl acetate (iso‐AmAc) production, and also appropriate for the recovery of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) byproducts. Therefore, it is of great significance for iso‐AmAc production from PVA byproducts to explore alternative processes with the goal of improving the conversion of the chemical equilibrium reaction and energy efficiency, including reactive distillation (RD), dividing‐wall reactive distillation (RDWC) and pervaporation (PV)‐based hybrid reactive distillation.

RESULT

This article proposed four novel reactive hybrid processes with feedstock of mixed PVA byproducts and made a comparison with two conventional processes of RD and RDWC in terms of the minimum total annual cost (TAC) and CO2 emissions. The results revealed that the RDWC‐PV can give a 35.61% saving in TAC and a 40.27% reduction in CO2 emissions compared with the RD, and the other three RD‐PV hybrid processes have less CO2 emissions and equivalent TAC compared with the RDWC.

CONCLUSION

In summary, all hybrid processes proposed were more energy‐saving and economical than the conventional RD, especially the RDWC‐PV, due to synergistic advantages of various process intensification methods. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
One skull to rule them all? Descriptive and comparative anatomy of the masticatory apparatus in five mouse species
Authors: Ginot Samuel , Claude Julien , Hautier Lionel
Published: August 2018

Murine rodents display a unique cranial morphology and masticatory musculature. Yet detailed myological descriptions are scarce, especially considering the great diversity of the subfamily and the use of the house mouse and brown rat as model organisms. The masticatory musculature in these two species has been thoroughly described, which allows comparisons with other wild species. Description and comparison of a wide range of species constitutes a necessary step to fully understand how ecological factors may influence the morphology and myology of the skull in the Murinae and vice versa. In this study, we describe the masticatory musculature of five mouse species: Mus caroli, Mus cervicolor, Mus pahari, Mus fragilicauda, and Mus minutoides. For each species, one to five specimens were dissected, and their muscle weights and volumes calculated. One specimen was selected for iodine‐enhanced CT‐scanning, which allowed us to digitally reconstruct the musculature. We then compared the different masticatory arrangements between these species, as well as with the previous descriptions of the house mouse and brown rat. We show that interspecific differences especially involved the temporalis muscle and zygomatico‐mandibularis muscular groups, although some differences were also seen in the pterygoid muscle and masseter muscle groups. We then propose some ecological interpretations for these differences, by interpreting them in terms of functional differences.