bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Cooperative Control Method for Nonlinear System Based on Directed Graph
Authors: Li Zhao Ming , Gao Yong Ming , Niu Ya Feng
Published: June 2013

In consideration of the disturbance influence, the system always has nonlinear terms. This paper proposes an adaptive autonomous cooperative control method for a class of nonlinear system based on the directed graph. The directed graph is used to describe the topology relationship among individuals in the system. The difference between desired and actual value of the system state is defined as error, by exchanging error information among individuals, and online-updating the nonlinear terms, all individual states are synchronized up to the desired value. The differential of the actual state is not needed, which reduces the requirements for relative measurment between individuals efficiently. Finally, the numerical simulation results show the correctness of the control law, and by configuring the control parameters reasonably, we can achieve high degree of control accuracy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Three-Dimensional (3D) Flowerlike CuO by a Simple Chemical Reduction Method
Authors: Xiang Kun , Li Mei Juan , Gong Dao Ren , Luo Qiang Guo , Shen Qiang
Published: June 2013

Three-dimensional (3D) flowerlike CuO structures were prepared successfully by reducing copper chloride (CuCl2·2H2O) aqueous solution in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The as-prepared CuO structures were characterized by UV-Vis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), FESEM and EDS techniques. The flowerlike CuO structures consisted of Salix leaf-like nanostructures. A possible growth mechanism for the formation of 3D flowerlike CuO structure was proposed. The processes of ripening and directed growing of nanoparticles were most important factors to obtain the 3D flowerlike CuO structures.
The Inverse Task for Magnetic Force Microscopy Data
Authors: Nefedev Konstantin , Kapitan Vitalii Y. , Shevchenko Yuriy
Published: June 2013

The computer processing of cobalt nanodots magnetic force microscopy was fulfilled. The solution of reverse task of magnetic force microscopy is obtained for surface nanosystems. Superposition of fields, which are generated by a system of magnetic moments in the selected point in space, causes a linear dependence of the force gradient of the dipole-dipole interaction between the components of the vectors.
QCM Detection of HBV Based on Au-NPs/CNTs Signal Amplification
Authors: Qiao Kang Quan , Guo Xiao Qun , Wu Yong Qiang , He Yi Guo , Wang Wei Hui , Ye Zhi Xu
Published: June 2013

Gold nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes (Au-NPs/CNTs) composites synthesized by microwave-assisted method was modified on the gold coated quartz crystal by chitosan (CHIT) to immobilize anti-HbsAg antibody (HBsAb). Thus a HBsAb/(Au-NPs/CNTs)/CHIT/gold electrode was constructed and applied to the quantitative determination of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The obtained results show that Au-NPs/CNTs composites possessing high specific surface area is superior to gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) in improving the detection sensitivity of HBsAg, and the detection sensitivity is 25.571 Hz/(μg/mL) and the linear range is 0.01 μg/mL ~ 5.0 μg/mL. The QCM immunosensor has good regenerability and not significant difference with ELISA in sample detection.
Modeling and Identification of Friction Behaviors of Hydraulic Forging Press Machine
Authors: Pan Qing , Huang Ming Hui , Li Yi Bo
Published: June 2013

A novel modified LuGre friction model is proposed by taking pressure of the cylinders into consideration. And a practical identification method to estimate the parameters associated with the modified friction model is presented. The validity of the modified model is investigated experimentally. It is shown that the modified LuGre model can demonstrate the comprehensive friction behaviors of the forging machine with a fairly good accuracy.
Oxidation Study of Pure Fe and Fe-36Ni Alloy at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Ha Sang An , Shin Shun Myung , Yun Jung Yeul , Wang Jei Pil
Published: June 2013

There have been many studies on the oxidation of pure iron and steel at different temperatures and pressures. D. Caplan et al. demonstrated the effect of cold-work and metal grain size on the oxidation rate of iron. It was concluded that the oxidation rate of iron was accelerated with temperature, cold-work, and increased oxygen pressure, while the oxidation rate of iron, coarse-or fine-grained, cold-worked or annealed, was found to be the same at the FeO-forming temperature range [1-3].
Phase Transitions in the Binary Alloys with Annealed Magnetic Impurities
Authors: Belokon V.I. , Nefedev K.V. , Dyachenko O.I.
Published: June 2013

In this paper we study within the Ising model a ferromagnet with annealed impurities in thermodynamic equilibrium with the lattice by the method of averaging over the exchange-interaction fields. We show that diffusion can significantly reduce the average critical concentration of "ferromagnetic" atoms and increase the Curie temperature. Also diffusion leads to the appearance of regions with high concentrations of ferromagnetic atoms on a background field with their low content.
Spin-Glass-Like Behavior and Concentration Phase Transitions in Model of Monolayer Two-Sublattice Magnetics
Authors: Nefedev Konstantin V. , Kapitan Vitalii Yu.
Published: June 2013

Two-sublattice magnets with competing direct exchange interactions can exhibit spin-glass properties. It is shown that the Ising model on a 2D lattice with z = 8 nearest neighbors takes place divergence between the ZFC and FC magnetization curves. It was shown, that a weak antiferromagnetic interaction between ferromagnetically ordered sublattices with approximately similar values of the magnetic moments in the sites can lead to very complex magnetic properties. Theoretical magnetic phase diagram for the structures with random dilution was built.
Effect of Temperature on Hydration Performance of Portland Cement
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhang Yun , Liu Run Qing , Lin Fang Zhi , Huang Zi Yan
Published: June 2013

The mechanical strength change trend of Portland cement at different temperatures (+5°C, 0°C,-5°C,-10°C) was researched, and hydration performance and slurry structure of Portland cement was studied. Results showed that hydration process of Portland cement didn't vary with the lowering of curing temperature, but each stage of hydration time extended. The temperature decrease prolonged formation time of hydration products, making the early microstructure to loose, produces more pores, and causes the early mechanical strength of Portland cement to decrease.
Experimental Study on Surface Integrity in High-Speed End Milling of Titanium Alloy TB6
Authors: Wu Dao Xia , Yao Chang Feng , Tan Liang , Ren Jun Xue , Zhang Ding Hua
Published: June 2013

High-speed milling of titanium alloy is widely used in aviation and aerospace industries for its high efficiency and good quality. In order to obtain good surface integrity, experiments of high-speed end milling were performed to investigate the influence of milling parameters on surface integrity. The results show that the surface roughness, surface topography, residual stresses and microhardness are significantly affected by feed per tooth and milling speed. Good surface state was obtained when feed per tooth, milling speed, milling width and milling depth is close to 0.08mm/z, 100m/min, 7mm, and 0.2mm respectively. High-speed milling is favourable for improving machining efficiency and surface quality and therefore should be widely used in manufacturing of aircraft thin-wall structure parts. This study provides a theoretical basis and experimental evidence for the surface integrity of machined high-strength alloy.
Modeling and Analysis of Canned Motor of the Nuclear Reactor Coolant Pump
Authors: Wang Yu Shi , Yao Zhen Qiang , Shen Hong , Xue Ya Bo , Cheng De
Published: June 2013

This paper presents three important electromagnetic parameters design principles in modeling a large canned motor such as the canned motor inside the nuclear reactor coolant pump. The performances of the canned motor within the nuclear reactor coolant pump are also analyzed by establishing the two-dimensional transient electromagnetic field model. The simulation result of magnetic flux density distribution of canned motor is very close to practical situation. Simultaneously the efficiency, power factor and break-down torque of canned motor are analyzed through two-dimensional electromagnetic field finite element method.
Study of CdxZn1-xTe Thin Films with Cu Layers
Authors: Jin Shuo , Wu Li Li , Wang Wen Wu , Zeng Guang Gen , Feng Liang Huan , Zhang Jing Quan , Li Wei , Li Bing
Published: June 2013

CdxZn1-xTe is a promising material for tandem solar cells with a continuously adjustable band gap from 1.45eV to 2.26eV, but p-type CdxZn1-xTe with higher carrier density is rarely reported. CdxZn1-xTe thin films with Cu layers were deposited by vacuum co-evaporation in sequence and annealed in low vacuum in this paper. The compositional, structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties were studied. The results show that zinc-blended Cd0.4Zn0.6Te films with (111) preferred orientation were fabricated. Conduction type of annealed CdxZn1-xTe films with Cu layers will change from intrinsic to p-type. Cu doped CdxZn1-xTe thin films with carrier density of 1018~1019cm-3 and the band-gap of 1.89~1.93eV can be obtained. It demonstrates that Cu is an effective p-type dopant for CdxZn1-xTe thin films.
Railway Vertical Section Automatic Design
Authors: Chen Yan Ping , Han Yuan Li
Published: June 2013

This paper was enlightened by Douglas-Peucker Algorithm, using the algorithm in the application of railway vertical section automatic design. Firstly, the paper introduced the basic principle of Douglas-Peucker algorithm, based on which, the flow path of railway vertical section automatic design was formulated according to the design criterion. Secondly, the algorithm result was applied in Mengxi Coal Transportation Corridor, the quantity of the railway was acquired after automatic design with improved Douglas algorithm, through the quantity, and it could be proved that the algorithm did design a smooth slope. Automatic design in railway and road has become an inexorable trend, since it reduced the human cost, improved efficiency and avoided artificial defects.
Characteristics Analysis of Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Wang Jin Feng , Zhang Guang Feng , Feng Xian Zhang
Published: June 2013

For the rigid automatic line, although its production efficiency is high, but the flexible is less in the machining process, the machine and the assembly line need be shut down to adjust or replace for machine tools, jigs, tools, and tooling equipment, etc. When the work pieces for the machining is changed. It caused a heavy workload, wasting a lot of time. Flexible Manufacturing Systems consisted of unified control system, material handling system and a set of digital control processing equipment; it is the automation machinery manufacturing system to adapt the processing object transform. It has become one of the important means of manufacturing industry to obtain the advantages of market competitiveness. This paper gives the composition, algorithm and application of learning system concept, composition, and classification, characteristics of the flexible manufacturing system, the development overview and its application are induced in this paper.
Measure and Prediction Analysis on the Ink-Jet Head Technology
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Li Yan , Jin Tao , Liu Miao
Published: June 2013

Evolution tree is the inheritance and development of classical TRIZ; it is easy to operate system evolution theories. This paper mainly elaborates the compositions and building rules of evolution trees; takes the thermal ink-jet head for instance; builds evolution tree; then predicts the development. This method is convenient and practical; it provides a new idea for enterprises to formulate the R & D direction of product future.
Study of Efficient Electrical Failure Scheme
Authors: Ma Li , Wang Huan Yun , Xin Jian
Published: June 2013

This paper mainly studies on Reasons for generating electrical fault .It deeply studies and analyzes the application of thermal imaging cameras. Thermal imaging cameras display clear image, data collection method is simple, timely and accurate infrared imaging technology to find hot hidden, to make a reliable forecast of the early failure of the electrical equipment defects and insulation performance,so that the early failure determination of electrical device becomes easy and changes traditional preventive maintenance to predicting maintenance.The thermal imaging for its safe ,accurate temperature measurement,and many other advantages more and more widely used.The research of this paper has some theory guidance and high application value.
Study on Acoustic Emission Detective Signal Restoration under Multifactor Interference
Authors: Wang Yan , Cai Ji Fei , Zhang Yang , Li Guang , Fang Rui Ming
Published: June 2013

For solving signal restoration distortion affected by the signal spectrum composition changes and tested baseline drift, this papers methods mainly involve time-frequency energy analysis, wavelet soft threshold de-noising algorithm and baseline drift cancellation method. The result shows that these methods can effectively eliminate the interference of different micro-variable fault signals. The restored high-fidelity signals provide base for subsequent identification of fault reasons.
Transformation Development and Eco-Environmental Protection of Resource-Exhausted City
Authors: Sun Shi Xian , Zhu Yao Shun , Cai Cun Yu , Li Yong Mei , Tao Rui , Sun Rong
Published: June 2013

In order to ensure the sustainable development of resource-exhausted cities, with Dongchuan disrict of Kunming as an example, the achievements and problems in the economic transformation, as well the relationship between the geological hazards and mining were analysed, the results showed that Dongchuan has achieved good results in the process of transformation in economy, city transformation, and ecological construction. However, the basic cause of severe natural disasters lie in over-exploitation is ignored for the misunderstanding of the causes of geological disasters. Therefore, the prominent problem in the development of transformation is the insufficient emphasis on eco-environmental protection. Resource-exhausted cities must pay attention to ecological construction in the transformation process for keeping the economic and environmental sustainability.
Fault Diagnosis System Based on Fuzzy Theory of Vehicle Air Conditioner
Authors: Wang Ying Hui , Xiong Shu Sheng , Lang Wen , Tang Yi Tian
Published: June 2013

To maintain the vehicle air conditioner efficiently, a fault diagnosis system based on fuzzy theory is prospected in this paper. A fault diagnosis method based on fuzzy theory was given. And according to the method, a fault diagnosis program was written with labview. Experiments proved that the fault diagnosis program was stable and functional. The accuracy of this fault diagnosis system is more than 80%. The system can be used to diagnosed the malfunction of vehicle air conditioner efficiently and discover the potential fault in time, helping to eliminate hidden dangers.
Uncertainty Measure Based on Evidence Theory
Authors: Zhang Shao Pu , Feng Tao
Published: June 2013

Evidence theory is an effective method to deal with uncertainty information. And uncertainty measure is to reflect the uncertainty of an information system. Thus we want to merge evidence theory with uncertainty method in order to measure the roughness of a rough approximation space. This paper discusses the information fusion and uncertainty measure based on rough set theory. First, we propose a new method of information fusion based on the Bayse function, and define a pair of belief function and plausibility function using the fused mass function in an information system. Then we construct entropy for every decision class to measure the roughness of every decision class, and entropy for decision information system to measure the consistence of decision table.
Design of High-Precision Frequency Meter
Authors: Ren Li Mian , Wang Li Xia , Wei Ming Zhe
Published: June 2013

Frequency meter measured frequency of analog periodic signal in its frequency domain and used the software control program to replace the complex outside counting circuit. ARM7 development board, LPC2103 chip, and AD9833 chip made up of a complete system. This paper gave the designing schemes of hardware and software system and analyzed experiment results, which prove that this design reaches expectant target with less hardware and simpler structure.
The Hardware System of Rotational Electrical Impedance Tomography
Authors: Yan Jun , Zheng Yao
Published: June 2013

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an imaging method of the resistivity distribution within a domain. The images are estimated from a set of electrical potential measurements at the boundary of a domain, which are caused by applying current through electrodes fixed at its boundary. In order to improve the image quality, a rotational electrical impedance tomography (REIT) system is proposed to expand the measurement sites by shifting the electrodes. The hard system of REIT is established in the paper, which is composed of three subsystems, rotary scheme, and switches network and measurement system. By injecting the alternating current into the object, a potential will be established on the boundary electrodes of object. The reconstruct results based on REIT system are improved obviously.
Study on Geosynthetics in Canal Seepage Control Project
Authors: Zhang Ling Mei
Published: June 2013

The geomembrane material because of its impermeability to adapt to form strong, light weight, corrosion resistance, convenient construction, low cost, is one of the main materials engineering seepage control. The following introduces the common geomembrane materials selection and construction procedures and precautions, and proposed a combination of composite impermeable geomembrane material and other impermeable forms and materials practice.
Experimental Research on the Laser Scattering Properties of Smoke Particles
Authors: Wang Yong Yu
Published: June 2013

With the purpose of accurately and reliably making a forecast on fire, it is necessary to study the scattering properties of the early smoke particles. Based on the laser scattering principle of smoke particles, a device is designed in combination with aspiration system, semiconductor laser of different wavelength and spectral photoelectric receiving tube as well as the flexible structure and signal processing methods, so as to implement the function of acquiring the laser scattering intensity data of smoke particles from multiple angles. In this paper, through a comparative analysis, the basic data related to the smoke particle detection algorithms is obtained.
Design of Single-Phase Active Power Filter
Authors: Xie Xi Feng , Zheng Li Ling
Published: June 2013

Aiming at the features of complexity, poor real-time and Low-accuracy of single-phase Active Power Filter (APF), and the problem of impossible parallel computation in the traditional DSP software realization, new design method of APF Based on FPGA is proposed, This paper focuses on the study of the harmonic current detecting method and improves control method of compensate current, it builds an experimental platform with FPGA EP1C12Q240C8 as the controller, the experimental results all support the effectiveness and correctness of the control methods and design methods of APF.
Impregnated Molecular Sieves as a Catalyst for the Isopropylation of Naphthalene
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Xi Dong
Published: June 2013

At refluence temperature, ferric chloride impregnated molecular sieves were prepared by impregnation of FeCl3 through ion-exchanging methods. The above catalysts were characterized by the means of SEM/EDS (scanning electron microscope/energy dispersion spectrometer) and BET. The catalytic properties on isopropylation of naphthalene and effect of reaction conditions were carried out with fixed-bed flow micro-reactor. We obtained the optimum conditions of this reaction. At this condition, the conversion of naphthalene reaches 44.1%, the yield of 2, 6-DIPN is 41.2% and the selectivity of β,β-DIPN is 85.2%.
Research on Control Scheme of Submarine Hydraulic Rudder
Authors: Liu Hui Yuan , Liang Li Hua , Zhang Lan Yong
Published: June 2013

According to the composition of the submarine hydraulic rudder system, the paper analyzed the different advantages and disadvantages of the rudder type, steering agencies and the hydraulic rudder control system as well as the scope of application. System steering bodies of pump control servo, variable pump displacement control system, steering control system and rudder hydrodynamic interference model were modeled. Fuzzy logic hydraulic servo parameter adjustment method is presented, and simulation analysis of the variable pump displacement control system and steering system. As the system parameter uncertainties and load disturbance, the performance impact of parameter variation and load disturbance simulation analysis.
Automatic Recognition of Undersea Target Detection
Authors: Dai Hong Wei
Published: June 2013

In order to solve the problem of undersea detection target identification systems low recognition rate, this article introduces the momentum item and uses the invariable length of stride in the undersea detection system's neural network. Through computer simulation, results show that: improved identification system has been greatly improved in the recognition time. This is extremely advantageous to realize real-time automatic target detection undersea identification.
Study of Green Building Design Based on Micro-Project in Correlate Urban Ecological Environment
Authors: Wang Da Wei
Published: June 2013

In this paper, by placing buildings in the urban complex ecosystem, the definition of green buildings is analyzed and interpreted. Also, the characteristics of the extensive correlation between buildings and urban ecological system are introduced. The problems that regional characteristics and urban foundations are ignored in the green building evaluation index system are proposed, and also the technical paths for the design of green building indexes are shown. Through the system characteristics of the green building indexes design, the complexity of urban ecological construction and management is revealed, and also the weak points and improvement measures of China's urban ecological construction are analyzed.
Experimental Study of Photosynthetic Bacterial Degradation of Direct Red 4BS Wastewater
Authors: Fan Zheng , Zhang Guo Liang , Wang Zhi Yang , Pan Zhi Yan , Li Yan
Published: June 2013

The photosynthetic bacteria direct red 4BS solution pH, light intensity, inoculum size, the concentration of sodium acetate, and the initial concentration of direct red 4BS degradation rate. The results show that: the initial concentration of 80 mg / L, the inoculation amount of 25% (v / v), pH 8.0, the light intensity 3000lx, sodium acetate, 1.6mg / L under the conditions, after 96 hours of direct red 4BS degradation rate up to 87.5%. Sodium acetate in the reaction can increase the degradation rate, experiments show that: the process of degradation of sodium acetate and direct red 4BS ratio of 20: 1 (m / m) the degradation rate is better. Direct Red 4BS low concentrations, the reaction kinetics of the degradation reaction are first-order kinetics.
Using Decision Tree for Data Mining of Pavement Maintenance and Management
Authors: Lin Jyh Dong , Huang Wei Hsing , Hung Chia Tse , Chen Chien Ta , Lee Jih Chiang
Published: June 2013

In recent years advancements in the Information Technology (IT), have enabled automation of pavement measurement data. A large amount of data can be saved for a pavement management system. The study of pavement maintenance and management has include many methods, such as expert system, decision support analysis and data mining (DM) . In this study we use decision tree for data mining algorithm C5.0 has been used in this analysis. After acceptance of the decision tree, we make use of algorithms and computing for classification. This method is used to check the pavement management system database and make a comparison of all data. The result shown a correct classification of about 61% its still improved space. According to this result we discuss three analysis results included: 1.Database information is correct or not 2.Road pavement never homogenization 3.Milling process never remove human factor. Finally useful pavement information and ways can improve system integrity and correctly.
Research and Application of Filtering Algorithm in Internet of Things
Authors: Li Jian Yi , Wang Hui Juan , Yuan Quan Bo
Published: June 2013

This paper analyzes the problems of Research and application of filtering algorithm in internet of things.Internet of things is composed of multiple components, to form a distributed network in the Internet, the purpose of this distributed network information filtering algorithm is increasing filter algorithm efficiency, and combinating the laboratory intelligent monitoring platform,it can effectively solve the problem caused by defects of filtering algorithm in internet of things.
Internal Erosion of Earth Structures as a Coupled Hydromechanical Process
Authors: Wong H. , Zhang X.S. , Leo C.J. , Bui T.A.
Published: June 2013

The present paper describes a model of internal erosion of earth structures based on rigorous thermodynamic principles and the theory of porous media. The focus is concerned with the initial stage of internal erosion, prior to the formation of macroscopic channels, whenthe continuum approach is applicable. The soil skeleton saturated by a pore fluid is treated as the superposition of 3 continua in interaction ;the pore fluid itself consists of a mixture of water and eroded particles. The erosion kinetics is based on the shear stress developed at the solid-fluid interface. The applicability of the model is illustrated by a finite element simulation. The simulations show how the phenomenon of piping preferentially arises in regions where hydraulic gradients are critical. Effects of mechanical degradations due to internal erosion are demonstrated.
Geogrid Reinforced Lime Cement Treated Granular Soils
Authors: Azadegan Omid , Li Jie , Hadi Jafari S. , Ren Gang
Published: June 2013

Construction on problematic and soft soils has always been considered a challenging task by the geotechnical engineers. Such soils can be treated with traditional lime and cement stabilization. However in some cases using geogrid reinforced lime and cement treated materials can be very effective, especially in case of seismic or dynamic loads. In this research, a series of laboratory testing has been carried out to investigate mechanical properties of lime and cement treated granular materials with and without geogrid reinforcing layers. The results of the unconfined compressive tests show that geogrid reinforcement improves the ductility of the treated materials. However, it would not develop the compressive strength in many of used mix Designs. The investigations reveal that the mix design for lime and cement treatment must be selected accurately by considering the natural beds conditions to achieve the best possible results from stabilization procedure.
Time Dependent Viscoelastic Behaviour of EPS Geofoam
Authors: Zou Yong , Leo Chin Jian , Wong Henry
Published: June 2013

A series of laboratory tests was carried out to assess the time-dependent creep behaviour of EPS geofoam at room temperature (23°C) and at 40°C. The experimental data were then used to calibrate and to validate mechanical viscoelastic models along with an empirical Power Law model, at these two temperatures. The viscoelastic models examined were the 3-element (Maxwell-Kelvin), the 4-element (Burgers) and the Modified 4-element models. The modified 4-element model and the base case, the empirical power law model, were found to give the best predictions. As anticipated, the experimental results show that creep rate is higher at elevated temperatures. The results, at 23°C and 40°C, offer a means to assess and model creep behavior in geotechnical applications at normal, and at a practical elevated, temperature where use of EPS geofoam in warmer climate may be a concern.
Analysis of Electric Energy Consumption Patterns: A Case Study of a Real Life Office Building
Authors: Han Jin Soo , Jeong Youn Kwae , Lee Il Woo
Published: June 2013

Electric energy consumption shares a great portion of commercial building energy. Electric energy saving is essential to reduce total energy consumption in commercial buildings. To draw energy saving methods, it is necessary to monitor real energy consumption patterns and analyze the results. We monitor the lighting and non-lighting energy consumption of eleven zones in a real working office building every fifteen minutes during eleven months. We observe and analyze the monthly and daily energy consumption patterns of all zones and draw several feasible energy saving methods. Moreover, the lighting and occupancy are monitored simultaneously in detail to investigate the unnecessary energy consumption. It shows the possibility of a great amount of energy saving. Because we analyze the energy consumption patterns in all zones, the drawn energy saving methods are applicable to the current building with some added infrastructure and expandable to other similar office buildings. Our result is expected to contribute to reducing the energy consumption in buildings.
Suggestions on Renewable Portfolio Standard for Wind Power in China
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Wei Si , Zhu Yong Qiang
Published: June 2013

Wind power in China is developing rapidly but facing the problems such as wind power integration. Based on the reference to the technical background and experience of the United States, Europe and Japan, some suggestions on wind power portfolio system are made in this paper, which may be helpful for building renewable portfolio standard (RPS) system in China. The suggestions include the function of renewable portfolio standard (RPS) system, the role and manifestation of management measures and formulation of the regulation.
Design of a Short-Term Load Forecasting System for Small Hydropower in the Context of Electricity Market
Authors: Fu Shou Qiang , Huang Min Xiang , Sun Fei Fei
Published: June 2013

On the basis of the analysis of influencing factors on small hydropower generation load, considering the characteristics of small hydropower load, this paper presents a short-term load forecasting system for small hydropower in the context of electricity market. It is composed of the following components: information collection and processing, load forecasting, information monitoring. The system uses a method to segment and cluster the load curves, then wavelet decomposition is applied to load data, and a complex forecasting model is taken. Meanwhile, fulfill feedback control through the part of information monitoring, and extended short-term load forecasting is introduced. The system can improve the overall level of short-term load forecasting for small hydropower.
Introducing Off-Grid Renewable Energy Systems for Irrigation in Mediterranean Crops
Authors: Carroquino Javier , Dufo-López Rodolfo , Bernal-Agustín José Luis
Published: June 2013

For Mediterranean crops, such as vineyards and olive trees, using electric pumps for pressurized irrigation systems is typical. In both developing and developed countries, the crop location is frequently far from the electric grid and electricity is often supplied using a diesel genset. The use of renewable energy could achieve significant reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases and provide other advantages, such as cleaning, reducing operating and maintenance costs, and increasing sustainability. Although the environment has abundant renewable resources such as solar irradiation and wind, obtaining technical and economic feasibility of renewable energy systems is difficult. Problems include relatively high amounts of required power, the concentration of energy demand within a fraction of the year, and the need for power stability during the period of operation. Simple methods to design and size renewable generation are not suitable. This paper studies power demand of drip irrigation systems from six study cases of Mediterranean crops (vineyards and olive trees), available local renewable resources, and ways to obtain technical and economic feasibility using renewable energy in these cases. Finally, a basis for the design in each case using a process of simulation and optimization is determined.
Complete Equipment Inspection Method Based on Risk Assessment and Nondestructive Testing
Authors: Huang Hui , Chen Ding Yue , Mao Guo Jun , Chen Hui
Published: June 2013

Three propylene spherical tanks which have both the same manufacturing parameters and conditions have been assessed based on risk assessment and non-destructive testing technology. One of the spherical tanks is stopped for comprehensive inspection, and the result of inspection verifies the reliability of risk assessment, which is applied to other two unopened propylene spherical tanks. Meanwhile, in order to make overall inspection level meet the requirements of the risk assessment and so reduce spherical tanks assessing risk, ultrasonic diffraction detection (TOFD) with high detection rate and fluorescent magnetic surface detection technology are adopted to ensure comprehensive test meeting the risk assessment requirements, which can also provide significant guidance for future complete equipment inspection.
Quality Prediction of Injection-Molded Parts Based on PLS-ANN
Authors: Zhu Peng Fei , Sun Xiao Fang , Lu Ying Jun , Pan Hai Tian
Published: June 2013

A feed-forward three-layer artificial neural network (ANN) combined with Partial Least-Squares (PLS) was presented to predict the part weight of injection-molded products. Firstly, melt temperature, holding pressure and holding time which are the most important influenced factors of injection-molded parts quality were chosen as independent variables and part weight were chosen as dependent variable. Secondly, PLS was used to analysis the relationship among these variables and calculate the aggregate elements of independent variables and dependent variable. Here, dependent variable was single, so parts weight is the aggregate element of dependent variable. Thirdly, the principal elements of independent variables and dependent variable were used to construct an ANN. At last, the performance of PLS-ANN model was evaluated and tested by its application to verification tests. Results showed that the PLS-ANN predictions yield mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) in the range of 0.06% and the maximum relative error (MRE) in the range of 0.15% for the test data set, which can accurately reflect the influence of the injection process parameters on parts quality index under the circumstance of data deficiencies.
A Simple Method for Estimating the Driving Resistance of Rubber Conveyer Belts by Using a Self-Traveling Roller
Authors: Kinoshita Shinya , Okubo Kazuya , Fujii Toru
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this study is to provide a simple method for estimating the driving resistance of rubber conveyer belts. The driving resistance of a rubber belt running on the carrier roller was estimated by a resistance force acting on a roller moving on the rubber conveyer belt while the belt was fixed on an aluminum channel. Four types of conveyor belts were tested to confirm the present technique is useful for grading rubber conveyer belts from a viewpoint of energy dissipation on the carrier rollers of the conveyer system. The effects of normal force acting on the roller and driving speed of the roller on the resistance force were investigated. Four belts were fabricated with different rubber types of rubber, respectively. It was confirmed from the experiments that the estimated resistance force varied with respect to the rubber characteristics, which was consistent to the experience from the existing belt conveyer systems for energy consumption. The resistance force of the carrier roller increases with an increase of roller speed. It also decreases when a lower damping rubber is used while the belt rigidity does not affect the resistance force when low resistance rubber is used. The proposed method is applicable to estimate the total energy loss of rubber conveyer belts on the carrier rollers.
Research of Automatic Coding Algorithm in Calibration Target Dot Serialization
Authors: Zhang Chi , Li Zhong Wei , Shi Yu Shen
Published: June 2013

A kind of automatic coding algorithm in calibration board dot serialization used in structure light measurement system calibration process is introduced by this paper. The method includes five steps. The first step is getting dot coordinate and radius by the least square method, the second step is getting reference direction by fives big points serialization, the third step is getting selection region by reference direction, the fourth step is to accomplish base points serialization, the last step is to accomplish other points serialization. This algorithm proves to be stable and robust, and it has simplified the system operation and improved the camera calibration precision.
Analyze of Temperature Effects Induced by Cellular Phones in the Human Head and Eye
Authors: Baritz Mihaela Ioana
Published: June 2013

In this paper it is presented some theoretical and experimental aspects about effect of long period using of mobile phone by different human subjects. In first part of paper it is presented the electromagnetic radiations analyze taking into account their interaction with human body. To study these interactions we develop an experimental methodology using a set of mobile phones and instruments to measure the thermal effect manifested at the skin surface and head and also the effect on visual function. The results and conclusions are presented in the final part of paper also the social and technical implications are studied and presented.
Study on the Structural Deformation Monitoring Based on Distributed FBG Sensing Techniques
Authors: Yang Cai Qian , Xia Ye Fei , Chen Zi Yan , Hong Wan , Wu Zhi Shen
Published: June 2013

The deformation is an important parameter in structural health monitoring, and a conjugate beam method based on long-gauge fiber Bragg grating distributed strain sensing techniques is proposed to obtain the deformation of a structure. Some experiments are carried out to study the accuracy of this method using a four point bending RC beam under a step loading manner. The deformation obtained with the proposed method agrees well with those obtained with the conventional dial gauge in low loading steps. In addition, some measure is put forward to calibrate the proposed method and improve its accuracy at high loading steps, especially after the initiation of concrete cracks.
Crumb Rubber (CR) as an Alternative Binder to Supplement Bitumen: Nigeria as a Case Study
Authors: Saleh Sama’ila
Published: June 2013

This research investigated the suitability of Crumb Rubber (CR) as an alternative binder to supplement bitumen. The emerging trends in the world has challenged researchers to seek means of converting waste to wealth partly because of the environmental concerns they pose and partly because there is a general dearth of raw materials as the stock of the existing ones are fast depleting. In this research, the traditional Marshall Test method was arbitrary used to test 20%, 40%, and 60% CR proportions replacement of bitumen against the control (0% CR). The results were assessed based on the provisions of Asphalt Institute Marshall Criteria to determine the conformity with engineering properties-Stability, Flow, and Void analysis. The results indicated that 40% CR content resulting in Stability - 11.0KN, Flow - 4.3mm and VIM-14.45% trailed those with content 0% CR, but adequate in engineering properties to replace bitumen in asphalt mix. The results meet the criteria of medium class traffic specified by Asphalt Institute (1979).
Analysis of SVPWM Driving Characteristics
Authors: Yu Shi Qiu
Published: June 2013

The switch turn-on schedule is given according to principle of Voltage Space Vector PWM, SVPWM modulation function and its discrete function are introduced, the switch drive logic function is derived too. Based on DSP TMS320F2812, a five-phase SVPWM drive out is realized, and the single-end and double-end drive output signal are measured, the signal spectrums are analyzed, the results has important reference value to the designs of inverter power and system of variable frequency and speed control.
Tapered Beam Fundamental Natural Frequency Based on Rayleigh Quotient
Authors: Chalah Farid , Djellab Salah Eddine , Falek Kamel , Chalah-Rezgui Lila , Bali Abderrahim
Published: June 2013

Different continuous variations in the inertia are considered in achieving cantilever tapered beams to match functional design and resistance requirements. In this investigation, the expressions of linear and cubic variations in the inertia are associated to a linear mass distribution. An exact solution of the fourth order differential equation, with none constant coefficients governing the studied tapered beam element equilibrium, is obtained for each case. These displacements functions are normalized and introduced in the well known Rayleigh quotient formula for calculating the fundamental natural frequency. The accuracy of the approach over the use of the above approximation has been validated by beam references results, produced quite interesting results in numerical comparisons. Also, two curves corresponding to fixed-free and free-fixed boundary conditions, for a graphical evaluation of the natural frequency are given. They consider various degrees of taper corresponding to the two inertia variations.
The Application and Design for the Algorithm to Search the Shortest Path in the Clothing Surface Flattening
Authors: Zhuang Mei Ling , Zhang Xiao Feng , Fang Jian An , Zhao Cheng Jian
Published: June 2013

The darts transfer principles of garment pattern design are used to design the split. For those splits belong to nonfunctional dividing the auxiliary line need to be designed and searched and they are realized by the shortest path searching algorithm. The undeveloped surface in the body is flattened effectively by the auxiliary path design. It not only makes the least distortion but also the most practicality.
The Dividing Area Control of Lighting System
Authors: Wei Qing , Ma Hong Yan
Published: June 2013

The lighting system is an integral part of the whole building. Lighting control system is an important part of the lighting system and lighting design. As increasingly severe of the energy issues, energy saving has become one of the problems to be solved in the lighting control system. This paper takes a normally used office as an example. Control the blinds and the lamps in the office reasonably. On the premise of the full use of daylight, make the office achieve the most comfortable illumination by using artificial lighting supplies.
Intelligent Safety Control System for Operation of Group Tower Cranes
Authors: Zhang Zhen Zhen , Xu Hong Liu , Guan Xiao , Wang Bin
Published: June 2013

An intelligent safety control system for operation of group tower cranes was developed in the context of rising security problems during operation of group tower cranes. The anti-anti-collision principle includes self-anti-collision and multi-tower cranes anti-collision. The system consists of PLC module, Touch screen, signal receiving module, data acquisition module, control module and signal transmitting module. Several techniques such as digital coding, early warning, failure diagnosis, wireless communication, intelligent design and humanization design are applied in the system. Operational parameters of tower canes are detected in real time insure the safety for cross operation of several tower cranes.
Active Control for Power-Train Vibration of Automotive Using Active Mounts
Authors: Sun Guo Chun , He Li Meng
Published: June 2013

In this work, a new active mount featuring piezostack actuators and a rubber element is proposed and applied to a vibration control system. After describing the configuration and operating principle of the proposed mount, an appropriate rubber element and appropriate piezostacks are designed. Through the analysis of the property of the rubber and piezoelectric stack actuator, a mechanical model of the active vibration isolation system with the active mounts is established. An optimal control algorithm is presented for engine vibration isolation system. the controller is designed according to linear quadratic regulator (LQR) theory. Simulation shows the active system has a better consequence in reducing the vibration of the chassis significantly with respect to the ACM and the optimal control than that in the passive system.
Precursor Preparation for Ti-Al-V-Y Alloy via FFC Cambridge Process
Authors: Hussain P. , Bhagat R. , Dashwood R.
Published: June 2013

This paper presents the work done for the preparation of precursor for producing Ti-Al-V-Y alloy via FFC Cambridge process. The aim of the work is also to investigate the uniformity of the phases formed during the pre-processing of the precursor.The importance of the alloy for mechanical and medical applications is well known. Titanium oxide (TiO2), vanadium oxide (V2O5), aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) were selected as raw materials for precursor. The expected composition for the new alloy is Ti-6Al-4V-0.5Y. Water was used as a binder for the precursor. The materials were pre-mixed by ball milling for 24 hours and pressed using 13 mm die. The pressed mixtures were then sintered in the furnace at 900°C for 24 hours. The sintered samples were analysed using the optical microscope, electron micrograph with EDX and XRD. The result of the optical micrograph showed that the raw materials were uniformly mixed and well distributed with the presence of porosities. Electron micrograph further verified the morphology of the materials and the elements distribution in the precursor. The overlapping of yttrium and vanadium, Y(VO4) was observed and verified by XRD. The derived formulated precursor was then ready for further work of reduction to Ti-Al-V-Y alloy using FFC Cambridge process.
A Survey on Robot Teaching: Categorization and Brief Review
Authors: Lee Hoo Man , Kim Joong Bae
Published: June 2013

In this paper, a review of current work within in the field of robot teaching has been presented. Researchers in the robot teaching domain suffer from the lack of an establishedstructure in which to organize appropriate teaching systems. We have contributed such a structure, througha categorization of robot teaching technologies. We first segmentthe robot teaching technologies according to required programmingskill, then divided into two types according to theteaching layer. As a result we identified several openissues that need to be addressed to design a robot teachingsystem. The robot teaching technology has been growing significantly,from text-based programming systems to teaching bydemonstration and more intelligent systems that provideconsiderable support to the human teacher. Clearly, the trendin robot teaching technologiesis the growing intelligence toreduce the burden of human teacher, both for manual andautomatic teaching method.