bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Web Application to Investigate Butler County Overdose Death Data
Authors: Tuiyott Alison C. , Clements Bri , Bailer A. John , Mannix Lisa K. , Bailer Jennifer F.
Published: September 2022

Background: Drug overdose deaths, specifically opioid-related deaths, are a public health crisis in the United States with high incidence observed in many Midwestern states, including Ohio. Butler County, Ohio, has the third highest opioid-related death rate in the state. Information on overdose deaths, collected by the county coroner, can serve as a data source for analysis of this public health concern. Given this access, stakeholders can investigate trends in their community for their idiosyncratic interest.Methods: A web application was developed, using the R Shiny package, to visualize and explore the characteris-tics of all overdose deaths in Butler County between 2013 and 2018. Demographics of the decedents, drugs found in the decedents’ postmortem toxicology analyses, annual trends in overdose deaths, and the location of these cases can be examined.Results: The web application provides a graphical user interface that allows a user to request specific analyses and summaries. “Who is dying from opioid overdoses?,” “What drugs, including opioids, are found in people dying from drug overdoses?,” and “Has the number of opioid involved deaths increased in a specific community over time?” are examples of questions that can be explored using this application.Conclusion: This application empowers both the public and local policymakers to investigate the impact of overdose deaths on their communities. Understanding characteristics of the epidemic is an important first step to addressing this problem. The expansion of this application to include other counties in Ohio could be truly beneficial to communities that need it.
ELAZIĞ YÖRESİNDEN BİR SALÂT ÖRNEĞİ: UŞŞAK SALÂTÜSELÂM
Authors: Demirtaş Yavuz
Published: September 2022

Arapçada hayır dua içeren pekçok kavramı ihtiva eden salâtı kısaca; “Hz. Muhammed’e (s.a.v.) merhamet, mağfiret, feyz ü bereket vs. hayırlar ihsan etmesini Allah’tan (c.c.) dilemek” şeklinde tanımlamak mümkündür. Dinî naslar (âyet ve hadisler) icabı her müslümanın söylemesi gereken salât metinlerini mûsikî eşliğinde okumak, dinî Türk mûsikîsinde “salât” türünü meydana getirmektedir. Müslüman Anadolu insanının en fazla rağbet ettiği dinî Türk mûsikîsi türlerinden biri olan salât, “salâtüselâm” veya “salavat/salavat-ı şerife” olarak da adlanlandırılmış, ibadet mekânları olan câmilerde ve tasavvufî düşüncenin pratiğe dönüştüğü yerler olan tekkelerde büyük bir iştiyakla icra edilmiş, insan hayatının hemen her önemli safhasında teberrüken okunmuştur. Bu türe gösterilen büyük rağbet, pek çok salâtın ortaya çıkmasına vesile olmuş, bunlardan bir kısmı kayıt altına alınarak günümüze gelebilmiş, ancak bir kısmı da kayıt altına alınamadığından dolayı maalesef unutulmuştur. Ancak Anadolunun birçok yöresinde geleneksel olarak varlığını sürdürmesine rağmen henüz kaydedilmemiş salâtlar da vardır ve bunlardan biri de Elazığ yöresinde icra edilen Uşşak makamındaki “salâtüselâm” adlı eserdir. Çalışmamızın konusunu da oluşturan bu eser, bölgedeki tasavvuf çevreleri (özellikle de Kâdirîler) tarafından okunmaktadır.
Some improvements for existing simple Approximations of the Normal Distribution Function
Authors: Hanandeh Ahmad , Eidous Omar M.
Published: September 2022

Due to the widespread applicability and use of the normal distribution, a need has arisen to approximate its cumulative distribution function (cdf). In this article, five new simple approximations to the standard normal cdf are developed. In order to assess the accuracy of the proposed approximations, both maximum absolute error and mean absolute error were used.  The maximum absolute errors of the proposed approximations lie between 0.00095 and 0.00946, which is highly accurate if compared to the existing simple approximations and quite sufficient for many real-life applications. Even though simple approximations may not as accurate as complicated ones, they are, though, fairly good when judged vis-a-vis their simplicity.
Complete transposition of mandibular lateral incisor–canine (Mn.I2.C): A rare clinical case
Authors: Yadav Lucky , Jaswal Akanksha , Bamal Renuka , Kumar Ashish
Published: September 2022

A permanent tooth that grows and emerges from the same location of the dental arch as the other permanent teeth is a rare event. Unilateral transposition has been reported more often than bilateral transposition, with the left side of the body being affected more frequently than the right. With a frequency rate of 0.03 percent, the Mn.I2.C transposition is the rarest of all transpositions. In this unusual case report on a mandibular lateral incisor-canine transposition, dento-alveolar concerns such as arch length disparities and tooth material differences are addressed (Mn.I2.C).
The Image of the Enemy: the True Orthodox Church in the Photographs of the Soviet Secret Police
Authors: Vagramenko Tatiana
Published: September 2022

This article focuses on the formation of the image of the “ecclesiastic-monarchist underground” and “True Orthodox church” as reflected in the documents and photographs produced by the Soviet secret police during the late-1920s to the late-1950s. The concept of the “True Orthodox church”, as an incrimination in criminal cases against religious believers, was developed on the pages of penal files, agent-operational files, secret reports and manuals of the secret police. It, however, oftentimes had little in common with the historical phenomenon of the catacomb True Orthodox church. The Soviet system framed popular religious traditions as political resistance and counterrevolutionary conspiracy in visual terms, a process in which the secret police too played an important role. The research integrates into the scholarship previously unknown archival documents, photographs, charts and photocollages pertaining to criminal cases against the alleged followers of the True Orthodox church. The analysis of this visual material discloses the internal mechanisms of knowledge production, when the secret police photograph served as a kind of “ideological blueprint” and when it was subject to manipulation, the purpose of which was to expose the enemy and to prove the crime.
The Birth of a Term and Chronology: the Thirty Years' War by Michael Caspar Lundorp
Authors: Prokopiev Andrei
Published: September 2022

In the context of the modern discussion about the “European” nature of the Thirty Years' War, it is especially important to take into account the opinions of the contemporaries of the tragedy. The article considers the first experiences of the terminological interpretation of the war and its chronological comprehension in the works of the German writer Michael Caspar Lundorp (1580—1629). An analysis of his numerous works in the first military decade of 1618—1629 is presented. It is shown how Lundorp, a contemporary of the events, came to understand the “German” nature of the war and its chronology. The starting point for the beginning of the war for Lundorp was the events in Bohemia in 1617—1618. The causes of the war lay in a complex set of factors dating back to the era of the Reformation. They united, according to the writer, both religious and legal aspects of the life of the Holy Roman Empire.
“In the Interests of Our Subjects and Our Dignity”: Maintaining the Status of a “Russian Name” in Persia in the Interpretations of Russian Contemporaries (1830s — 1910s)
Authors: Larin Andrey
Published: September 2022

The article discusses the evolution of the use of such concepts as “Russian name”, “Russian prestige”, “charm of the Russian name”, “dignity of Russia”, etc. by Russian authors in the period between the signing of the Turkmenchay Treaty and the First World War. It is shown that, despite the preservation of the basic meaning of the categories under consideration, associated with the need to maintain the “prestige” of Russia, the high status of the “Russian name” that arose earlier, during the “long 19th century”, the contexts of the use of these phrases significantly expanded, both as to the potential “threats” to the status of the “Russian name”, and as to the possible means of maintaining the “dignity” of Russia. This was due to the deepening of ties with Iran, the expansion of the spheres of interaction between neighboring countries in various fields.
The Soviet Secret Service in the 1920s — 1940s Against the Church: the Principles of Secret Work, the Source Base for Current Research
Authors: Teplyakov Alexey
Published: September 2022

This work is a continuation of the author's research on the principles of intelligence and operational activities of state security agencies. In a number of our books and articles, on the basis of party-state and departmental archives, the peculiarities of the Chekist work in relation to the church and believers were actively studied. This article, based mainly on the archives of the Center, Siberia and Ukraine, summarizes the author's experience in studying the methods of anti-religious chekist work and the response activities of the church. The article shows the undulation of the CHEKA-MGB policy, which fluctuated between terrorist campaigns that periodically put confessions on the brink of survival, and attempts to control the main processes of their organisms through embedded informants and agents, including provocateurs. The author's analysis allows us to identify the main trends in the intelligence work of the Soviet state security agencies that persisted during the Leninist-Stalinist period: first of all, the emphasis on mass recruitment, designed to enable not only comprehensive coverage of the activities of believers, but also to cause internal conflicts in order to disintegrate communities. In general, the agency activity, especially in the first two decades of the Cheka-NKVD, was subordinated to investigative and was based on superficial information about the disloyalty of active believers. Being recruited, believers, clergymen and church hierarchs often consciously assumed responsibility for unspoken service to the atheist state, hoping to preserve the main thing — faith and the church. Despite the artificial restrictions on the documents of the special services that exist both in Russia and in most of the post-Soviet countries, the available information allows us to confidently speak about the main trends of the secret service agents' work in relation to churches, among which Islam attracted relatively less attention, and various sects attracted the maximum.
Polska Norwida
Authors: Stanisz Marek
Published: September 2022

Artykuł prezentuje wizję Polski i polskości Cypriana Norwida jako jeden z wielkich tematów Norwida, powracający w jego refleksji nieustająco. Autor analizuje wypowiedzi Norwida dotyczące terytorium Polski, jej pozycji na mapie Europy, ustroju, struktury społecznej, kulturowej i etnicznej. Uwagi na ten temat sytuuje w kontekście doświadczenia biograficznego poety. W świetle tych wizji i postulatów Cyprian Norwid jawi się jako przenikliwy, odważny i otwarty na różnorodność myśliciel, republikanin nowocześnie myślący i głęboko przywiązany do tradycji, patriota poszukujący porozumienia między przedstawicielami różnych opcji, także jako uniwersalista głęboko zakorzeniony w wartościach religijnych.
Norwidowski dramat w nowych dekoracjach
Authors: Ziołowicz Agnieszka
Published: September 2022

Artykuł jest recenzją naukową książki: Dramaty Cypriana Norwida. Teksty – konteksty – interteksty, red. naukowa W. Rzońca, K. Samsel, Warszawa 2019. Autorka dokonuje przeglądu i interpretacji zamieszczonych w książce studiów, sytuując je na tle aktualnego stanu badań nad dramaturgią Norwida. Recenzja ukazuje wartość książki, polegającą przede wszystkim na prezentacji nowych odczytań Norwidowskiego dramatu ‒ przez pryzmat nowych kontekstów i z różnorodnych perspektyw badawczych: filologicznej, teatrologicznej, tekstologiczno-edytorskiej, estetycznej, antropologicznej, kulturologicznej, komparatystycznej. Książka jest też głosem w sprawie miejsca dramaturgii Norwida w procesie literackim, bowiem w większości opublikowanych w niej prac wyeksponowany został ścisły związek pisarza z literaturą i kulturą premodernizmu lub modernizmu. W związku z tym podjęta została w recenzji kwestia znaczenia tradycji dramatu romantycznego dla specyfiki postawy twórczej Norwida-dramaturga.
Brodaty mężczyzna w antykizowanej szacie – nieznany rysunek Norwida
Authors: Chlebowska Edyta
Published: September 2022

Artykuł ma na celu prezentację dotychczas nieznanego rysunku Norwida Brodaty mężczyzna w antykizowanej szacie powstałego w Rzymie w 1847 r., który został sprzedany przez dom aukcyjny Desa-Unicum. Rysunek stanowi reprezentatywny przykład rysunkowej twórczości Norwida z drugiej połowy lat 40. XIX w.
Exploring the mechanism of miR320a in regulating PDL1 upon lung cancer pathogenesis
Authors: Dong Zhiyi , Gu Weiqing , Xu Liyun
Published: September 2022

The tumour suppressive role of miRNA320a is observed in many cancer types like in colon, lung, breast, and osteosarcoma but it is inversely reported in prostate cancer and in MPM cell lines. miRNA320a targets programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) negatively in many cancer types and recently in Malignant pleural mesothelioma. In this background it is important to understand the regulatory mechanism of miRNA320a in determining PDL1 expression in different pathological stages of lung cancer. Histology was used to grade the initial and advanced stage of lung cancer following carcinogenic injection. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting technique were used to analyse PDL1 protein expression. In-situ hybridization was used to determine miRNA320a signals. Initially, using the chemical carcinogen Diethylnitrosamine (25 μg/g), we successfully initiate initial and advanced stage of lung cancer following 6 months and 9 months of carcinogenic injection. The formation of initial and advanced stage of lung cancer is confirmed through histopathological changes which show neoplastic appearance in initial lung cancer and appearance of more mitotic cells along with tissue hardness in the advanced lung cancer stages. In miRNA320a blocked tissue the cancer condition becomes worse with decreased tissue elasticity along with more proliferative cells. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting studies show that PDL1 is overexpressed in the advanced stages rather than in initial lung cancer because the expression of miRNA320a is overexpressed in initial stages but restricted in advanced stages of lung cancer. miRNA32a blocking studies confirm that miRNA320a expression act as a tumour suppressor that directly controls PDL1 expression that lack of miRNA320a enhances PDL1 expression as well as it triggers lung cancer advances. In summary, miRNA320a possess tumour suppressor function that limits PDL1 expression in initial lung cancer but its control over PDL1 suppression is lost once miRNA320a is downregulated in advanced stage of lung cancer.
Comparative medical and geographical analysis of the prevalence of basal cell skin cancer in Saratov
Authors:   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Konopatskova Olga M. , Makarov Vladimir Z. ,   Saratov State University, Kuzinova Yana K. ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Reshetarova Daniella A. ,   Saratov State University, Evdokimov Germogen M. ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky
Published: September 2022

In the article, in a comparative analysis, for the periods from 1991 to 1998, 2015 and 2022, the issues of the territorial prevalence of basal cell skin cancer in Saratov are considered. The residential areas of patients were studied and mapped taking into account risk factors. The result of the study was an oncoecological analysis of urban landscape sites and the creation of a scheme for the active search for early forms of skin cancer.
Representatives ofthe Subfamily Cheloniceratinae Spath, 1923(Ammonoidea)fromthe Aptian ofMangyshlak,Western and Southern Turkmenistan. Paper 1. General Issues. The Genus Cheloniceras Hyatt, 1900
Authors:   Saratov State University, Polkovoy Kirill S.
Published: September 2022

The article presents the study results of the ammonite subfamily Cheloniceratinae Spath, 1923 representatives (genera Cheloniceras Hyatt, 1900 andEpicheloniceras Casey, 1954) fromthe Lower andMiddle Aptian ofMangyshlak,Western and Southern Turkmenistan. The diversity and stratigraphic distribution of species is assessed, intraspecific variability is identified and typified. Representatives of the genus Cheloniceras are described.
Multi-feature petrophysical classification of rocks as a basis for interpretation of geophysical data
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Senchina Nataliya P. , Mingaleva Tatyana A. ,   Saint-Petersburg Mining University
Published: September 2022

The work is carried out approbation of the algorithm for the complex interpretation of geophysical data using data classification algorithm. Distributions by class are obtained and compared with petrophysical materials from published sources. This data is compared and geological composition of the studied area is obtained. The applicability of this approach for the integrated interpretation of geophysical data is shown, including low-level studied areas with a complex geological structure.
Internet genre of conversation with a priest: The problem of communication efficiency
Authors:   Saratov State University, Matyashevskaya Angelina I.
Published: September 2022

There is no doubt that the Internet has a huge impact on modern communication and significantly expands its capabilities. Apparently, various genres, including rather conservative religious discourse, are successfully adapting to this new type of online interaction with the mass addressee. On the basis of our own transcripts of video recordings of The Priest’s Response: Hot Line program, we examine the discursive and linguo-pragmatic features of the online conversation between believers and a priest and identify the educational and psychological functions of this Internet genre. The variety of communication channels – social networks, video calls, a website and a mobile application – allows the program to interest the youth audience and involve them in the discussion on Christian faith. During the coronavirus pandemic the program is also a much-needed alternative to the real-life conversation with priests. Such online communication implies an active, natural interaction of the invited clergyman with the audience. They presuppose the highest priority of the needs of the addressee and the use of original expressive means in argumentation. Due to its tasks and conditions this type of religious online discourse acquires some features of mass communication, which is reflected both in the choice of topics for discussion, and in the spontaneity and entertaining traits of such interaction alongside with its obvious practical significance for the addressee. The popularity of this Internet genre is largely determined by the spontaneity of interaction with the addressee: the responses of the program’s guests are as natural as possible and are very different from preconceived ready-made formulas. Thus, the controversial nature of some of the discussed issues allows viewers to perceive each priest in all his individuality.
Complications of Lamotrigine in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Clinical Image
Authors: Bidaki Reza , Saghafi Fatemeh , Zarnegar Fatemeh
Published: September 2022

The Article Abstract is not Available.
Toxoplasmosis Frequency Rate in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Northeastern Iran
Authors: Zarean Mehdi , Mastroeni Pietro , Moghaddas Elham , Hosseini Farash Bibi Razieh , Raouf-Rahmati Amene , Jamali Jamshid , Azadeh Hossein , Kam Vahideh
Published: September 2022

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, a cosmopolitan intracellular parasite. It can be a risk factor for autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was designed to investigate the possible association between serological history of T. gondii infection and defined clinical manifestation of RA in Northeast of Iran.
Methods: Overall, serum samples were collected from 50 RA patients and 40 healthy controls, from Qaem Hospital in Mashhad City, northeastern Iran in 2018. Seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was determined by ELISA.
Results: The prevalence of anti -T. gondii IgG in RA patients 48% (24.50) was significantly higher than the control group 10% (4.40) (P <0.001). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) and (rheumatoid factor) RF levels between the RA and control groups (P <0.01). Control group were matched with patients for age, gender and living area.
Conclusion: Given that a high correlation has been demonstrated between positivity rate of anti-T. gondii IgG and RA in Northeastern Iran, further studies will be necessary to clarify the pathogenesis of T. gondii among these patients
Cloning and Expression of a New Trichinella spiralis Serine Protease and Its Role in Invading Host Intestinal Epithelium
Authors: Liu Fang , Song Yan Yan , Zhang Ru , Liu Ruo Dan , Jiang Peng , Cui Jing , Wang Zhong Quan
Published: September 2022

Background: In previous studies, a new Trichinella spiralis serine protease 1.1 (TsSP1.1) was identified in surface proteins of T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML) by proteomics analysis, but its functions in T. spiralis infection are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of TsSP1.1 during larval intrusion of gut epithelium.
Methods: From January 2019 to March 2021, complete TsSP1.1 cDNA sequence was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 at the Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. Expression and location of TsSP1.1 in the parasite were investigated using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) and Western blotting. The in vitro intestinal epithelium cells (IECs) intrusion assay was used to ascertain the roles of TsSP1.1 during larval intrusion of IECs and gut epithelium.
Results: TsSP1.1 was a surface and secretory protein, which was expressed at various T. spiralis stages, and principally localized at cuticle, stichosome and embryos of the nematode. rTsSP1.1 accelerated larval intrusion of IECs, whereas anti-rTsSP1.1 antibodies impeded larval intrusion. The acceleration and inhibtion was dose-dependently related to rTsSP1.1 and anti-TsSP1.1 antibodies. Block of the IIL with anti-rTsSP1.1 serum also impeded larval intrusion of gut mucosa.
Conclusion: TsSP1.1 participates in T. spiralis intrusion of gut epithelium.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Visiting a Referral Hospital in Tehran Province, Iran
Authors: Zarei Ahmad , Mohebali Mehdi , Agholi Mahmoud , Jonaidi Jafari Nematollah , Mohammadzadeh Tahereh
Published: September 2022

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are still considered a public health problem of mankind, particularly in immunocompromised patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of IPIs with an emphasis on immunocompromised patients in a referral hospital in Tehran Province, Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 442 fecal specimens were collected randomly from patients, referred to Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran Province, Iran from May to September 2020. The collected specimens were examined using wet-mount, trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, formalin-ether concentration, and agar plate culture.
Results: The prevalence of IPIs was found 17.0% (95% CI: 13.6-20.8%). The prevalence of protozoan parasites (16.3%; 95% CI: 13.0-20.1%) was significantly higher than helminthic parasites (0.7%; 95% CI: 0.1-2.0%). Blastocystis spp., Giardia lamblia, and Entamoeba coli were the most common intestinal protozoan with a prevalence of 12.2%, 1.6%, and 1.4%, respectively. E. histolytica/E. dispar/E.  moshkovskii, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Cryptosporidium spp., Chilomastix mesnili as protozoan species and Hymenolepis nana, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, and Ascaris lumbricoides as helminthic species were the other detected parasites. Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant association of IPIs infections with stool consistency and the status of immune system.
Conclusion: The prevalence of IPIs among the patients who are immunocompromised was significantly higher than immunocompetent patients (P< 0.05). Periodic stool examinations for screening of IPIs should be included as a part of routine medical check-up in these patients.
Dermatoparasitoses in Referral Patients to the Laboratory
Authors: Navi Zahra , Najafi Faezeh , Paknezhad Niloofar , Mousavian Ghazal , Bizhani Negar , Naddaf Saied Reza , Mowlavi Gholamreza
Published: September 2022

Background: Dermatoparasitic infestations due to the mites Demodex spp. and Sarcoptes scabie are prevalent dermatological disorders worldwide.
Methods: Referral patients from the Departments of Dermatology, Infectious Diseases, and from the psychologists, in some cases, to the laboratory of Medical Helminthology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran were examined and documented for demodicosis and scabies from March 2009 to December 2020. All patients’ data were collected and then analyzed statistically by SDATA version 14, using the Chi-square test.
Results: Out of 494-suspected patients suffering from dermal disorders, 99 patients (20.04%) and 20 cases (4.04%) were found infested with demodicosis and scabies, respectively. Most demodicosis cases belonged to the 46-60 year age group while the infestation rate of scabies was higher in the age group under 5 years (P=<0.0001). Demodicosis was seen more prevalent in women than men, and scabies were higher in men (p=0.15). The cases of demodicosis in fall and scabies in winter and spring were more frequent. Demodicosis picked up in 2015 and 2017 (P=0.03), while the prevalent year for scabies was in 2016 (P=0.77). Both current ectoparasites declined dramatically by Covid-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: Demodicosis and scabies have been found correlated with age, and no statistical association was seen between the gender and seasonal factors. Besides, the obvious decline of demodicosis and scabies infestation rates during the Covid-19 outbreak can mention that social distance and hygiene standards have negative effects on dermatoparasites transmission.
A Schistosoma Colitis Case Misdiagnosed as Ulcerative Colitis in a Non-Endemic Area: A Case Report
Authors: Ak Çağatay , Sayar Suleyman , Kılıç Ebru Tarıkçı
Published: September 2022

The differential diagnosis of bloody diarrhea is necessary to specify etiology and plan treatment. Misdiagnosis can lead to catastrophic results with the treatments to be given.  In this case report, we present a case of schistosomal colitis mimicking ulcerative colitis in a 26-year-old Guinean male patient diagnosed in 2021.
Pattern Of Childhood Severe Vision Impairment And Blindness In Blind Schools Of Hilly State Of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Gupta Vinay , Sharma Kalpana , L Sharma Ram
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of childhood severe vision impairment (SVI)and blindness in blind schools of Himachal Pradesh. This study was carried out in 3 blind schools for children (<16 years). The vision was categorized (WHO ICD 11 classification, 2018) and the cause of vision loss was determined. A total of 96 children were examined. The main cause of SVI and blindness was congenital ocular defects (microphthalmos, anophthalmos, and coloboma in 33.33% of children). The second major cause was retinal dystrophies (20.83%) followed by optic atrophy (11.45%). The preventable and treatable causes were present in 15.63% of children attributed to vitamin A deficiency, trauma, retinopathy of prematurity, and cataract. Congenital ocular defects constituted a major cause of SVI and blindness followed by retinal dystrophies and optic atrophy. The avoidable and preventable causes of SVI and blindness were present in 1/6th of children entailing the strengthening of comprehensive eye care services, blindness preventable, and rehabilitation programs.
Immunological aspects of ent infection in patients with congenital cleft lip and palate
Authors:   Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University,  Nalchik, 360051, Russia, Kharaeva Z. F. , Dyshekova F. Kh. ,   Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University,  Nalchik, 360051, Russia, Mal’tseva G. S. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Azamatova E. K. ,   Republican Children's Clinical Hospital, Nalchik, 360000, Russia
Published: September 2022

Cleft lip and palate are considered one of the most common and severe among congenital anomalies and occupy the 3rd–4th places in their structure. Due to their complexity, the issues of treatment and rehabilitation of this category of children are relevant and open for discussion. In addition to the surgical correction of anatomical and functional disorders, the restoration of immunological resistance is of great importance. The state of immunity plays one of the key roles in the course of treatment and rehabilitation of children with congenital cleft lip and palate, determines the frequency and severity of ENT infections, and directly affects the wound healing processes. This review analyzes the scientific literature on immunological and microbiological disorders that occur in congenital cleft lip and palate and methods for their correction. Methods for assessing and monitoring pathological changes in cellular and humoral immunity at different stages of treatment are presented. It was revealed that the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota of the oronasopharyngeal zone before and after the surgical stage of treatment is a direct reflection of the state of mucosal immunity and one of the leading factors affecting wound healing.
Various cooling systems for advanced gas turbine jets: efficiency study
Authors: Malinovskiy I.M. , Nesterenko V.G. , Starodumov A.V. , Andreev A.M.
Published: September 2022

The paper focuses on foreign and Russian aviation bypass turbojets with an afterburner, studies the design of their turbine cooling systems, and introduces the research findings. For computational research and comparative analysis, we used Russian and foreign samples of advanced bypass turbojets with an afterburner with the most optimal technical characteristics, made calculations of the gas-dynamic parameters of their cooling systems in four critical jet operating modes. In this paper, we introduce the results of hydraulic calculations of various schemes for supplying cooling air to the nozzle and working blades of a high-pressure turbine. Relying on the results of the calculation, we comparatively analyzed the foreign and Russian cooling systems design, in terms of power indicators and efficiency of a gas turbine jet. To do this, we used the following parameters: cooling air bleeding value at maximum jet speed and cruising mode, value of cooling air leakage through the axial gaps into the flow path, the change in the cooling air bleeding value as a percentage of the flow rate through the high-pressure compressor when switching from maximum to cruising mode, i.e. adaptability of the cooling system, the temperature of the cooling air at the point of supply to the cooling cavities of the blade of the nozzle apparatus or the working blade.
​Use of Defoliants for Achieving Improved Productivity and Quality of Cotton: A Review
Authors: Chandrasekaran P. , Ravichandran V. , Sivakumar T. , Senthil A.
Published: September 2022

Cotton is one of the most important cash crop grown for its fibre, which is the raw material for the textile industry. In India, the average yield and profitability of cotton cultivation are low as compared to developing countries. The main reason for this is hand picking of bolls, which is labour intensive resulting into low income of cotton growers. Furthermore, in India, most of the cotton varieties are indeterminate where the bolls do not mature at the same time and thus requires repeated hand pickings. Whereas the developed countries have 100% mechanized cotton picking due to determinate or semi-determinate plant types. Adoption of mechanical harvesting in India is dependent upon the availability of suitable cotton varieties as well as defoliants, desiccants, boll openers, growth hormones and re-growth inhibitors (Thatikunta et al., 2018). Defoliation before cotton harvesting is very important to maintain the quality of produce. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented on effect and timing of application of defoliants on physiological characteristics of cotton. This will help in developing further research proposals to develop plant types for mechanical harvesting and use of defoliates to produce good fiber quality and increased farm income.
Physical and Functional Properties of Raw and Roasted Garden Cress Seeds (Lepidium sativum L.) Flour
Authors: . Manju , Dobhal Neetu
Published: September 2022

Background: Garden cress is one of the traditional medicinal plants packed with nutrients. In India, garden cress seeds are consumed either raw or in processed forms. The different processes employed such as roasting may provide palatability, acceptable colour and texture and raise the content of carbohydrates along with retention of minerals. Methods: The present study was conducted to assess the physical and functional properties of raw and roasted garden cress seeds flour. Raw garden cress seed flour was developed by drying the seeds in oven at 60°C for 45 minutes, followed by grinding and sieving through 60 mesh sieve. Roasted flour was developed by initial roasting of seeds in iron vessel followed by similar procedure as for raw flour. Both flours were stored in air tight containers for further research analysis. Physical properties assessed were thousand seed weight, seed volume, seed density, bulk density, hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity and swelling index. Functional properties included water and oil absorption capacity, gel consistency, gelation capacity and flour solubility. Result: The result for physical properties showed that thousand seed weight, volume, seed density, bulk density, hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity and swelling index of raw garden cress seeds were 1.95 g, 2.6 ml, 0.77, 0.76 g/ml, 7.95, 4.05, 0.82 and 0.32, respectively, whereas, in roasted garden cress seeds, these were 1.81 g, 2.83 ml, 0.64, 0.69 g/ml, 7.21 g/100 g, 3.98, 0.88 ml/100 g and 0.31, respectively. Both raw and roasted garden cress seeds flour were found to have good functional properties. Data on functional properties showed that raw garden cress seed flour had significantly higher water absorption capacity (4.9 g/ml), oil absorption capacity (2.69 g/ml), gelation capacity (7.9%) and flour solubility (21.2%), while roasted seed flour had higher gel consistency (70.33%) than its counterpart. The study concluded thatboth types of flour i.e. raw and roasted garden cress seed flour were having good physical and functional properties implying that these can be incorporated into different food products so as to improve nutritional quality. The high flour solubility of garden cress flour makes it suitable for incorporating in different infant formulas.
Formation of Academic Leadership in the Context of Trends in the Development of Modern Russian Higher Education
Authors:   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Vodenko Konstantin V.
Published: September 2022

The article is based on the study of current problems of higher education based on the appeal to the ideas of the strategic importance of the reorientation of higher professional education in Russia to the formation of students’ creative skills and abilities, about the paradigm shift radically changing the culture of education itself as the fundamental basis of the educational space, the concept of regionalization of state policy in the field of higher education. The article highlights the leading trends in the diversification of state policy in the field of higher education and key scenarios for the development of higher education in the context of global and local challenges of our time. Among the leading trends that determine the specifics of the development of higher education, including in Russian conditions, there are professionalization, digitalization and regionalization. It is shown that the prospects of state policy in the educational sphere can be associated with the implementation of the “third mission” of the university, aimed at creating the necessary public goods, the forced formation of the institutional environment of its own region. The strategy of achieving academic leadership as a special state of the educational and scientific-innovative sphere, including in the regional space, is highlighted as the main mechanism for the development of state policy in the field of higher education.
Visualizing the velocity fields and fluid behavior of a solution using artificial intelligence during EndoActivator activation
Authors: Peeters Harry Huiz , Judith Elvira Theola , Silitonga Faber Yosua , Zuhal Lavi Rizki
Published: September 2022

Background: Electrical devices driven sonically have been found in several studies to be effective to clean root canals but the effect of the EndoActivator irrigant activation flow behavior on cleaning efficacy is not completely understood. Purpose: The study aimed to provide an initial understanding of flow behavior and velocity field generation during the irrigant activation process by EndoActivator using artificial intelligence (AI). Methods: A straight glass model was filled with a solution containing 17% EDTA. Meanwhile, a medium activator tip with 22-mm polymer noncutting #25, 0.04 file driven by an electrical sonic hand-piece at 190 Hz (highest level) was used to induce velocity field to produce micro-bubbles. The physical mechanisms involved were recorded using a Miro 320S highspeed imaging system, the hydrodynamic responses were recorded, and analyzed using a motion estimation program supported by LiteFlowNet (AI). Results: The rapid fluid flow was visualized clearly in the model when it was activated by an EndoActivator tip. It was also observed that the distal end of the EndoActivator tip generated a near-wall high gradient velocity apically in all directions of the oscillation. Conclusion: The analysis showed that the proposed motion estimation program, supported by LiteFlowNet (AI), was able to capture velocity magnitude estimation of a non-PIV experiment and visualize the bubbles generated in the solution.
The effect of herbal medicine in reducing the severity of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vychaktami Kharissa Kemala , Amtha Rahmi , Gunardi Indrayadi , Zain Rosnah Binti
Published: September 2022

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic autoimmune mucocutaneous disease of unknown aetiology. The reported use of herbal medicines may promote the healing of OLP lesions. Purpose: We aim to determine the effectiveness of herbal medicine to reduce the clinical and pain severity of OLP. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Wiley Online Library were reviewed according to the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was performed for the randomised control trial (RCT) and cohort studies to assess the effectiveness of herbal medicines for OLP treatment. Outcomes were recorded based on pain severity and the quality of life of patients with OLP. The mean difference and effect size of studies were pooled. Reviews: Out of 1,034 papers, six publications were selected and reviewed. The most common types of OLP lesions were erosive and atrophic and were mainly found at the buccal site. OLP was common in the range of 27–74 years, especially in females. The herbal medicines used in the publication were curcumin, lycopene, purslane, aloe vera and quercetin. Improvement in quality of life or OLP severity was recorded in the intervention group treated with purslane, curcumin and lycopene (P<0.05) but not in the control group. The total effect of herbal medicine in reducing pain severity (measured with the Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]) in OLP patients was not significant (mean difference 0.13; 95% CI -0.202 to 0.463; p=0.442). Conclusions: Herbal medicine cannot be used as a single regime to reduce pain severity. Further research is recommended to evaluate cohort design studies to observe the prolonged effect of herbal medicine in OLP lesions. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021262282 (2021)
Utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles for zonal winemaking in cool-climate Riesling vineyards
Authors: Dorin Briann , Reynolds Andrew , Jollineau Marilyne , Lee Hyun-Suk , Shemrock Adam
Published: September 2022

Individual vineyards can vary spatially for several viticultural attributes, including water stress, nutrient status, growth/vigour and disease—which can, in turn, impact berry composition and resulting wine products. The goal of this study was to determine if vineyard variability detected by remote sensing using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) could be used to zonally harvest vineyard blocks and produce wines that are sensorially differentiable. The specific hypothesis was that remote sensing would detect vineyard variation in viticultural variables and associate this variation with differences in wine sensory attributes based upon zonal harvesting. In six commercial Riesling vineyards across the Niagara Peninsula in Ontario, Canada, a UAV collected multispectral data, which were used to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Grapevines (≈ 80) in a grid pattern were geo-located within each block and vineyard UAV NDVI maps were used for zonal harvesting of geo-located vines in areas corresponding to high vs. low NDVI. Wines made from these zones were then compared chemically and sensorially. Overall, wines created from high vs. low NDVI zones differed inconsistently in their basic wine composition. Sensorially, for certain sites and vintages, panellists distinguished between wines made from high vs. low NDVI zones using a sorting task. UAV NDVI demonstrated the ability to determine areas within a vineyard block that could produce wines that were sensorially distinguishable from one another.
In Vitro Characterization of a Tissue Renin-Angiotensin System in Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells
Authors: Saravi Babak , Li Zhen , Basoli Valentina , Grad Sibylle , Häckel Sonja , Albers Christoph E. , Alini Mauro , Schmal Hagen , Obid Peter , Lang Gernot
Published: September 2022

Low back pain is a clinically highly relevant musculoskeletal burden and is associated with inflammatory as well as degenerative processes of the intervertebral disc. However, the pathophysiology and cellular pathways contributing to this devastating condition are still poorly understood. Based on previous evidence, we hypothesize that tissue renin-angiotensin system (tRAS) components, including the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), are present in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and associated with inflammatory and degenerative processes. Experiments were performed with NP cells from 4 human donors. The existence of angiotensin II, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1), AGTR2, MAS-receptor (MasR), and ACE2 in human NP cells was validated with immunofluorescent staining and gene expression analysis. Hereafter the cell viability was assessed after adding agonists and antagonists of the target receptors as well as angiotensin II in different concentrations for up to 48 hours of exposure. A TNF-α-induced inflammatory in vitro model was employed to assess the impact of angiotensin II addition and the stimulation or inhibition of the tRAS receptors on inflammation, tissue remodeling, expression of tRAS markers, and the release of nitric oxide (NO) into the medium. Further, protein levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and intracellular as well as secreted angiotensin II were assessed after exposing the cells to the substances, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were evaluated utilizing Western Blot. The existence of tRAS receptors and angiotensin II were validated in human NP cells. Cell viability analysis revealed no cytotoxic effects of angiotensin II. The AGTR1 inhibitor Candesartan and the MAS receptors AVE0991 showed cytotoxic effects at high concentrations (100 µM). The addition of angiotensin II only showed a mild impact on gene expression markers. However, there was a significant increase in NO secreted by the cells. The gene expression ratios of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6/IL--10, IL-8/IL-10, and TNF-α /IL-10 were positively correlated with the AGTR1/AGTR2 and AGTR1/MAS1 ratios, respectively. The stimulation of the AGTR2 MAS-receptor and the inhibition of the AGTR1 receptor revealed beneficial effects on the gene expression of inflammatory and tissue remodeling markers. This finding was also present at the protein level. We did not find alterations in iNOS protein concentrations after adding the drugs. The current data showed that tRAS components are expressed in human NP cells and are associated with inflammatory and degenerative processes. Further characterization of the associated pathways is warranted. The findings indicate that tRAS modulation might be a novel therapeutic approach to intervertebral disc disease.
Daratumumab Interferes with Histocompatibility Crossmatch Impacting Immunological Assessment in Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Ho Chak-Sum , Putnam Kyle R. , Peiter Christine R. , Herczyk Walter , Gerlach John A. , Lu Yee , Campagnaro Erica L. , Woodside Kenneth J. , Cusick Matthew F.
Published: September 2022

We report the first case of Daratumumab interference of allogeneic crossmatch tests repeatedly causing aberrant false-positive results, which inadvertently delayed transplant for a waitlisted renal patient with multiple myeloma. Daratumumab is an IgG1κ human monoclonal antibody commonly used to treat multiple myeloma, characterized by cancerous plasma cells and often leads to renal failure requiring kidney transplant, by depleting CD38-expressing plasma cells. In this case study, the patient had end-stage renal disease secondary to multiple myeloma and was continuously receiving Daratumumab infusions. The patient did not have any detectable antibodies to human leukocyte antigens but repeatedly had unexpected positive crossmatch by the flow cytometry-based method with 26 of the 27 potential deceased organ donors, implying donor-recipient immunological incompatibility. However, further review and analysis suggested that the positive crossmatches were likely false-positive as a result of interference from Daratumumab binding to donor cell surface CD38 as opposed to the presence of donor-specific antibodies. The observed intensity of the false-positive crossmatches was also highly variable, potentially due to donor- and/or cell-dependent expression of CD38. The variability of CD38 expression was, therefore, for the first time, characterized on the T and B cells isolated from various tissues and peripheral blood of 78 individuals. Overall, T cells were found to have a lower CD38 expression profile than the B cells, and no significant difference was observed between deceased and living individuals. Finally, we show that a simple cell treatment by dithiothreitol can effectively mitigate Daratumumab interference thus preserving the utility of pre-transplant crossmatch in multiple myeloma patients awaiting kidney transplant.