bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Epidemiology and Variation of the BK Polyomavirus in the Population of Central and Eastern Europe Based on the Example of Poland
Authors: Furmaga Jacek , Kowalczyk Marek , Furmaga Olga , Rokos Christos A. , Zapolski Tomasz , Krakowski Leszek , Jakubczak Andrzej , Rudzki Sławomir
Published: January 2022

The BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a widespread pathogen in humans. Polymorphism of the region encoding the VP1 protein of BKPyV provides the basis for classifying the virus into types and subtypes, whose frequency varies depending on geographic location. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of BKPyV in the Polish population and to assess its variation by analysing polymorphism in the typing region. The study was conducted on 168 healthy, Polish volunteers, whose blood (plasma) and urine were sampled. The virus was detected using PCR, products, sequenced and subjected to bioinformatic analysis. In addition, viral load was assessed by qPCR. The presence of the genetic material of the BK virus was noted in 61/168 urine samples but in none of the plasma sample. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the BKPyV isolates were of types I and IV, dominant in Europe (63.93% and 36.07%, respectively). All isolates from genotype I belonged to subtype Ib-2, showing polymorphism at position 1809 with a frequency of 61.54% (G1809A) and 38.46% (G1809C). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of this magnitude on the genetic variation of BKPyV among healthy volunteers in Poland.
Cost-Effectiveness and Burden of Disease for Adjuvanted Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines Compared to High-Dose Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines in Elderly Patients in Spain
Authors: Ruiz-Aragón Jesús , Márquez-Peláez Sergio , Gani Ray , Alvarez Piedad , Guerrero-Luduena Richard
Published: January 2022

Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease that causes severe illness and death, particularly in elderly populations. Two enhanced formulations of quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) are available in Spain. Adjuvanted QIV (aQIV) is available for those aged 65+ and high-dose QIV (HD-QIV) for those aged 60+. In this study, we used a health economic model to assess the costs and outcomes associated with using aQIV or HD-QIV in subjects aged 65+. Using aQIV instead of HD-QIV to vaccinate an estimated 5,126,343 elderly people results in reductions of 5405 symptomatic cases, 760 primary care visits, 171 emergency room visits, 442 hospitalizations, and 26 deaths in Spain each year. Life-years (LYs) and quality-adjusted LYs (QALYs) increases by 260 and 206, respectively, each year. Savings from a direct medical payer perspective are EUR 63.6 million, driven by the lower aQIV vaccine price and a minor advantage in effectiveness. From a societal perspective, savings increase to EUR 64.2 million. Results are supported by scenario and sensitivity analyses. When vaccine prices are assumed equal, aQIV remains dominant compared to HD-QIV. Potential savings are estimated at over EUR 61 million in vaccine costs alone. Therefore, aQIV provides a highly cost-effective alternative to HD-QIV for people aged 65+ in Spain.
Doping in Racing Pigeons (Columba livia domestica): A Review and Actual Situation in Belgium, a Leading Country in This Field
Authors: Marlier Didier
Published: January 2022

Pigeon racing is a sport in which trained homing pigeons (Columba livia domestica) are released between 60 and 1200 km from their loft and then have to return home as quickly as possible. The first race was held in 1818 in Belgium and since then, Belgium has led the world in pigeon breeding. Unfortunately, as in other sports, doping has become a major issue and doping controls have been implemented. This review provides information about pigeon racing, rules from the Royal Federation Colombophile of Belgium, and laws applicable in Belgium as doping control issues cannot be understood without including them as part of pigeon racing. The main pharmacological data concerning corticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anabolic steroids, pain relievers and narcotic analgesics, bronchodilators and β-agonists, drugs acting on the central nervous system and other performance-enhancing drugs, in addition to methods relevant to doping in pigeons are presented. Moreover, the chosen matrix and analytical methods are described.
Strawberry Growth under Current and Future Rainfall Scenarios
Authors: Schattman Rachel E. , Smart Alicyn , Birkel Sean , Jean Haley , Barai Kallol , Zhang Yong-Jiang
Published: January 2022

Globally, the changing and interacting effects of temperature and precipitation are anticipated to influence the fitness of specialty crops. Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is an important crop in the Northeastern United States. In this study, four plausible precipitation scenarios were developed to be representative of current and future growing season precipitation patterns. Using a precipitation simulator, we tested these scenarios on potted-day-neutral strawberries. This study generated four primary results. (1) Though some treatments received different amounts of precipitation, little difference was observed in soil volumetric water content or temperature. Treatments designed to simulate future conditions were more likely to have higher nitrate-in-leachate (N-leachate) concentrations than those designed to simulate current conditions. (2) Neither total precipitation nor seasonable distribution were associated with foliar or root disease pressure. (3) While there was a slightly higher chance that photosynthesis would be higher in drier conditions, little difference was observed in the effects on chlorophyll concentration and no water stress was detected in any treatment. (4) Leaf biomass was likely more affected by total rather than seasonal distribution of precipitation, but the interaction between changing rainfall distribution and seasonal totals is likely to be an important driver of root biomass development in the future.
Analytical Modeling of Solute Transport in a Two-Zoned Porous Medium Flow
Authors: Wu Ming-Chang , Hsieh Ping-Cheng
Published: January 2022

The objective of this study is to model the transport of groundwater contamination in one-layered and two-zoned porous medium flows by an analytical approach. The one-dimensional advection–dispersion equation (ADE) has usually been used to describe the problems of pollutant transport in a water environment. This study presents some exact solutions to the one-dimensional ADE to examine the variation of solute concentration with and without the biodegradable effect in an unconfined aquifer of a finite domain by the generalized integral transform method (GITM). The modeling results for the concentration of groundwater contamination show that the pollutant concentration is more sensitive to the Peclect number than to the retardation factor and the first-order decaying coefficient in uniform groundwater flow. In composite soil zones, decaying and diffusion factors have significant effects on the contamination concentration around the interface, especially over a long-term period. The transport flux between the two regions is determined by the concentration gradient at the interface of the two regions. The contaminated concentration decreases as the retardation factor, Peclect number, and the first-order decaying coefficient increase for every location at a fixed duration. Moreover, the contaminated concentration is more sensitive to the Peclect number than to the retardation factor and the first-order decaying coefficient in uniform groundwater flow.
SMODERP2D—Sheet and Rill Runoff Routine Validation at Three Scale Levels
Authors: Kavka Petr , Jeřábek Jakub , Landa Martin
Published: January 2022

Water erosion is the main cause of soil degradation in agricultural areas. Rill erosion can contribute vastly to the overall erosion rate. It is therefore crucial to identify areas prone to rill erosion in order to protect soil quality. Research on rainfall-runoff and subsequent sediment transport processes is often based on observing these processes at several scales, followed by a mathematical description of the observations. This paper presents the use of a combination of data obtained by different approaches at multiple scales to validate the SMODERP2D episodic hydrological-erosion model. This model describes infiltration, surface retention, surface runoff, and rill flow processes. In the model, the surface runoff generation is based on a water balance equation and is described by two separate processes: (a) for sheet flow, the model uses the kinematic wave approximation, which has been parameterized for individual soil textural classes using laboratory rainfall simulations, and (b) for rill flow, the Manning formula is used. Rill flow occurs if the critical water level of sheet flow is exceeded. The concept of model validation presented here uses datasets at different scales to study the surface runoff and erosion processes on the Býkovice agricultural catchment. The first dataset consisted of runoff generated by simulated rainfall on plots with dimensions of 2 × 8 m. The second dataset consisted of the runoff response to natural rainfall events obtained from long-term monitoring of 50 m2 plots. These two datasets were used to validate and calibrate the sheet flow and infiltration parameters. The third dataset consisted of occurrence maps of rills formed during heavy rainfalls obtained using remote sensing methods on a field plot with an area of 36.6 ha. This last dataset was used to validate the threshold critical water level that is responsible in the model for rill flow initiation in the SMODERP2D model. The validation and the calibration of the surface runoff are performed well according to the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient. The scale effect was evident in the 50 m2 plots where parameters lower than the mean best fit the measured data. At the field plot scale, pixels with measured rills covered 5% of the total area. The best model solution achieved a similar rill cover for a vegetated soil surface. The model tended to overestimate the occurrence of rills in the case of simulations with bare soil. Although rills occurred both in the model and in the monitored data in many model runs, a spatial mismatch was often observed. This mismatch was caused by flow routing algorithm displacement of the runoff path. The suitability of the validation and calibration process at various spatial scales has been demonstrated. In a future study, data will be obtained from various localities with various land uses and meteorological conditions to confirm the transferability of the procedure.
Migrants of the post-soviet space as a resource of the Russian rural labor market
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories — All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Economics, Moscow, Semenova E. I. , Novikov V. G. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories — All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Economics, Moscow
Published: January 2022

Human resources are the most important factor in the socio-economic development of the economy, including the economy of the agricultural sphere (meaning the organic unity of agricultural production and rural areas). In this regard, the authors of the study pay special attention to the analysis of the situation of its staffing, primarily in terms of studying the processes occurring in the human resources potential of mass professions, specialists and managers of agricultural organizations in Russia. The analysis was carried out according to the departmental reports of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. The article shows the dependence of the agricultural labor market, characterized by a shortage of personnel, both mass professions and specialists, on the internal factor (training of personnel) and external (attraction of migrants), examines the modern agricultural labor market, describes the multidirectional trends in the supply of labor both at the expense of migrants and at the expense of the domestic system of professionalization of personnel. It is determined that the outflow of rural population within and between the regions of Russia is more extensive than the inflow due to migration exchange with foreign countries, this disparity increases during the pandemic caused by COVID-19 and related social distancing measures. At the same time, despite the constantly observed decline in the number of workers in mass professions in the agro-industrial complex, the availability of jobs is almost at the same level of 93–95 %. It is shown that the income of migrants and the transfer of part of the funds to the countries of emigration have a positive effect on GDP growth and poverty reduction in these countries, and the quality of exported labor also improves. The relationship between rural migration and agricultural production is revealed. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the state migration policy should stimulate the consolidation of the rural population and the return migration of the urban population to the rural area, and increase the attractiveness of rural areas for resettlement through the formation of unified rural-urban labor markets and rural-urban agglomerations.
Features of bacterial diseases of rainbow trout in industrial farms in North-West Russia
Authors:   department of aquatic bioresources and aquaculture of the Sant-Petersburg State Agricultural University, Russia, Nechaeva Tamara Alexeyevna , Turicin Vladimir Sergeevich ,   department of aquatic bioresources and aquaculture of the Sant-Petersburg State Agricultural University, Russia
Published: January 2022

Studies of the parasite fauna of rainbow trout have revealed a number of pathogens of parasitic diseases at enterprises that use open water bodies as sources of water supply. Of the parasitic protozoa, the most dangerous is Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. This is due to the presence of a free-living stage in this ciliate, as well as to the possibility of localization under the fish scales. Of the helminthiases that occur in rainbow trout during artificial cultivation on the farms of the North-West region of Russia, the most problematic are monogenes and cestodes, which cause gyrodactylosis and trienophorosis. The plerocercoids of the cestode Triaenophorus crassus, in particular, are localized in the musculature of fish and, with a high degree of invasion, trout loses its commercial value. In the presence of a focus of parasitic diseases in natural reservoirs, wild fish are a reservoir of invasion, aquatic invertebrates (planktonic crustaceans, molluscs) are the most important element of the parasite-host system, and fish-eating birds, being the final host, contribute to the spread of invasions. In cage farms, due to the peculiarities of the cultivation technology, the fight against parasitic protozoa is extremely difficult and requires significant labor costs. In basin farms, on the contrary, the design of fish-breeding tanks and the water supply system allows for the most efficient implementation of therapeutic and prophylactic measures. Nevertheless, outbreaks of parasitic diseases can be observed in violation of the cultivation technology (overcompaction of the planting, violation of the feeding regime, etc.). Control of the epizootic state makes it possible to identify infection and carry out a set of necessary therapeutic and preventive measures.
Challenges of safeguarding via remote consulting during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Dixon Sharon , Frost Lucy , Feder Gene , Ziebland Sue , Pope Catherine
Published: January 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic required general practice to rapidly adapt to remote consultations and assessment of patients, creating new, and exacerbating existing, vulnerabilities for many patients.

Aim

To explore GP perspectives and concerns about safeguarding practice during the pandemic, focusing on challenges and opportunities created by remote consultation.

Design and setting

Qualitative interview study.

Method

Eighteen GPs from Oxford, London, Southampton, Liverpool, Manchester, and Reading were interviewed between June and November 2020, using a flexible topic guide and fictional vignettes to explore child and adult safeguarding scenarios. Interviews were audio-recorded, thematically coded, and analysed.

Results

GPs worried about missing observational information during remote consultations and that conversations might not be private or safe. Loss of continuity and pooled triage lists were seen as further weakening safeguarding opportunities. GPs experienced remote consulting as more ‘transactional’, with reduced opportunities to explore ‘other reasons’ including new safeguarding needs. However, they also recognised that remote consulting created opportunities for some vulnerable patients. While supporting known vulnerable patients was difficult, identifying new or unknown vulnerabilities was harder still. Most reported that remote consulting during COVID-19 was harder, riskier, and emotionally draining, contributing to increased GP anxiety and reduced job satisfaction.

Conclusion

The GPs interviewed raised important concerns about how to identify and manage safeguarding in the context of remote consultations. Current guidance recommends face-to-face consultation for safeguarding concerns, but pressure to use remote forms of access (within or beyond the pandemic) and the fact that safeguarding needs may be unknown makes this an issue that warrants urgent attention.
Transurethral Drainage of Prostatic Abscess Using 120 W Holmium Laser Technology
Authors: Olarte Barragán Edgar Humberto , Sánchez Caballero Laura , Sarrió Sanz Pau , Nakdali-Kassab Baraa , Gómez Garberí Miguel , Gómez Pérez Luis , Ortiz Gorraiz Manuel Ángel
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Prostatic abscess is an infrequent but serious pathology that could be treated by ultrasound-guided puncture, transurethral resection, or open surgery. Case Report: We present a case of a 72-year-old male with a 3x5 cm prostatic abscess in the right lobe showed in abdominal computed tomography (CT). In the blood test, he presented coagulopathy. Urgent transurethral drainage by holmium laser was decided to be performed. It started with incision and opening of the right prostatic lobe with an energy of 1.2 J and a frequency of 20 Hz with a total power of 24 W. A 550-micron fiber was used for this technique. Coagulation of the area was performed with a power of 20 W. The postoperative course was uneventful. Conclusion: The holmium laser appears to be an effective alternative in the treatment of this pathology in patients with coagulation disorders by providing adequate hemostatic control.
Developing a New Dimension for Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Images by Simultaneous Measurement of the Refractive Index and Thickness
Authors: Amjadi Ahmad , Ghodsi Hamed , Khandani Salile , Khishkhah Bahareh , Rajai Payman , Razzaghi Mohammadreza
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Fourier domain Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a widely used high-resolution optical imaging technique. It is useful for various applications in medical imaging, such as ophthalmology (e.g. retinal imaging for diagnosing complications like glaucoma or macular degeneration), dermatology, oncology, and cardiology. The ability to noninvasively measure both the refractive index and thickness of biological tissues could have various medical applications and enable earlier disease detection. For example, observing changes in the refractive index can help distinguish between tissues with normal or abnormal function. Methods: In this study, the theoretical framework for simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and physical thickness of multilayer systems is proposed and tested for two different samples, each having three layers, a glass/NaCl solution/glass sample and a glass/sugar solution/glass sample. The whole signal processing procedure and the experimental setup are described. Results: The refractive index and thickness of salt water and sugar water samples in the Fourier-domain OCT (FD-OCT) system were obtained. The resulting data were compared with reference measurements and showed a deviation of about 1% for the samples. Conclusion: We tested the proposed framework for the simultaneous extraction of the refractive index and thickness of multilayer systems of salt water and sugar water from its FD-OCT data. We showed that the measured parameters were in agreement with reference amounts.
Exploring the Reversible Effects of UV Laser Radiation on the Gene Expression Profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Via Network Analysis
Authors: Vafaee Reza , Safari-Alighiarloo Nahid , Razzaghi Zahra , Ansari Mojtaba , Rostami Nejad Mohammad , Hamdieh Mostafa , Mansouri Vahid
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The reversibility of biological processes is an important challenge in the study of environmental pollutants and also natural and artificial radiation. There are many pieces of evidence about the reversible and irreversible effects of UV radiation on the human body. Assessment of the reversibility of UV laser effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the aim of this study. Methods: Gene expression alteration in S. cerevisiae samples radiated by a 30s UV laser for 15, 30, and 60 minutes post-radiation times were investigated via network analysis to explore time-dependent reversible alteration in the gene expression profiles of the samples. Results: 19 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as targeted genes for the samples which were harvested 60 minutes after radiation; network analysis revealed no significant alteration in biological processes. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the gross effects of the UV laser on S. cerevisiae samples disappear after 60 minutes of radiation.
Dicyanofuroxan and Its Charged Forms - A DFT Study
Authors: Türker Lemi
Published: January 2022

Dicyanofuroxan is a new and interesting high explosive that can be used instead of some classical explosives. The present density functional treatment considers dicyanofuroxan and its ring opened dinitroso isomer. The treatment has been based on density functional theory at the level of UB3LYP/6-311++G(d,p). Within the constraints of the theory and the basis set employed the results indicated that the ring form of dicyanofuroxan is electronically more stable and thermodynamically more favored compared to its ring-opened dinitroso isomer. Transition state geometry and energy have been obtained for the ring opening reaction of dicyanofuroxan. Furthermore its charged forms are the focus of interest. Its monoanionic and dicationic forms decompose but mono cation form undergoes some bond elongations tending to decompose. Additionally some quantum chemical properties are presented and discussed.
Multifarious nature in Bharathy’s Lyrical Literature
Authors: Sugunan Dhusyanthy
Published: January 2022

This article, entitled as 'Multifarious nature in Bharathy’s Lyrical Literature', serves as a research paper for the seminar organized with the aim of exploring the diversity of Tamil grammar and literature and exposing the multifarious nature of Tamil. There are a lot of rich literatures in Tamil that express diversity in the field of Grammar and Literature. However, in the field of Tamil grammatical literature, Bharathiyar's poetic literature excel in simplicity, sweetness, novelty and revolution which are conceptual and multifarious. In that respect, this article is designed to examine the contribution of Bharathi's poetry for the richness of Tamil literature in certain contexts. In particular, Bharathi's Tamil poetry is characterized by simple language, attractive poetry, feminist songs, theological devotional songs, and poems that are in tune with the fine arts. The essence of this research study consists of the Multifaceted Specialties of Poetic Excellence from a linguistic point of view such as Pride of Tamil language, Mother Language Obsession and Poetic Specialization, the Diverse Ideas from a feminist point of view such as The Pride of Women, Women’s Rights, Female Liberation and the concept of ‘Puthumai Pen’, Religious and philosophical views from the Theological perspectives such as Theological Thoughts, Devotional Norms (Bhakthi Neri), Glory of power (Shakthi Mahimai) and Specialty Poetic Versus from an aesthetic point of view reflecting Theological Dance Bond, Poetic style suitable for dance and ‘Shakthi Koothu’.
Vaishnava theories Sangam Literature
Authors: T Sivachitra
Published: January 2022

Tamil language has many special features. One of them is the charity done to Tamil by all religions. Tamil is a language that has been singularly praised by six different religions namely Jainism, Buddhism, Veganism, Vaishnavism, Islam and Christianity. In the history of Tamil literature, Sangam literature can be considered as a secular literature. Thoughts about God are prevalent in Sanskrit literature. But they did not all grow in isolation. Doctrines about God have developed on the basis of department. The literatures of Thirumurukaaruppadi, Paripadal and kalithogai do not become religious literatures as they refer to the gods. They refer only to the theological doctrines of the people of that time. The Sangam literature reveals that religious thought is intertwined with people's lives.
A traffic disaster and the suddenness of the incident, commentary to the Supreme Court judgement of 4th December, 2019, V KK 143/19, OSNKW 2020
Authors:   Okręgowa Rada Adwokacka w Warszawie, Pawelec Kazimierz J.
Published: January 2022

The judgment I am going to comment on is particularly valuable for practice, especially as regards proving crimes that consist in causing traffic disasters or its immediate danger, and bringing about traffic accidents. This is because it refers to, so-called chain collisions that are more and more frequently encountered on motorways, expressways and in urban traffic. These accidents, also known as pile-ups, involve multiple vehicles. The judgement concerned the issue of a car crash unintentionally caused by the perpetrator who had fallen asleep while driving the vehicle. Particular attention was paid to the issue of the suddenness of the incident, its duration, location, as well as the concept of the unity of the act, which was treated from the legislative point of view, although that caused disputes. Unfortunately, the judgment ignores important evidential issues, such as: reasons for falling asleep and whether they were the driver’s fault: i.e. fatigue, health condition, medications taken, and does not take into account the violation of safety regulations by other participants of the pile-up. Thus, it introduces an element of randomness of the effect, and transfers its consequences to the driver who fell asleep; although it was him who caused the threat but its effects could not have been foreseen by him, and he cannot be burdened with such an obligation.
Validation of the Mobile Fingerprint Workstation under the HIT-NET project
Authors:   Centralne Laboratorium Kryminalistyczne Policji, Krzemińska Beata
Published: January 2022

Mobility is associated with freedom of movement and, in the case of computers, also with wireless connection to the Internet for fast data exchange. Professionals in various industries or formations are increasingly seeking to implement such functionality in the equipment they use. Police use mobile terminals , devices forrapid confirmation of individuals’ identities (Kot, Tomaszycki, 2015, pp. 340 and 343), and a mobile police workstation, but are not equipped with a mobile fingerprint workstation. The first prototype workstation of this kind was purchased under the NCBR-funded project no. DOB-BIO9/13/01/2018 (HIT-NET) and validated at the Fingerprint Examination Department of the Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police. The article provides the results of the tests conducted and suggests directions for modernization of such setups.
Characteristic degradation processes and defects of reinforced concrete bridges
Authors:   Politechnika Wrocławska, Bień Jan
Published: January 2022

Abstract: The unambiguous identification of degradation processes and the damage they cause is a very important part of the diagnostics of bridge facilities and, as a result, has a fundamental impact on the efficient management of the maintenance and operation of transport infrastructure. The paper provides an overview of the degradation phenomena characteristic for reinforced concrete bridges, as well as a classification of degradation stimulators and degradation mechanisms showing their mutual conditions. The characteristics of typical degradation processes, usually combinations of two or more degradation mechanisms, are also presented. A hierarchical multi-level classification of damage to the bridge structure type concerned was proposed, as well as the relationship between the most common degradation mechanisms and class-specific damage was shown. Keywords: Reinforced concrete bridges; Degradation stimulators; Degradation mechanisms; Degradation processes; Damage
VÝUKOVÝ MATERIÁL NAD NADSTAVBOVOU
PLATFORMOU PBPK
Authors: Huptych Michal , Lhotská Lenka , Potůček Jiří
Published: January 2022

Oblast Physiological Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelování je stále důležitější ve všech oborech medicíny. Existuje řada
knih a materiálů popisujících problematiku PBPK modelování
z různých úhlů. Není však zcela dostupný materiál, který by
vytvářel výukové podklady pro všechny zapojené skupiny v odpovídající komplexnosti. Projekt Nadstavbová platforma PKPB
(Supplementary platform PKPB), podpořený v rámci grantu
TRIO FV40426, si klade za cíl vytvoření materiálu pro biomedicínské inženýry a informatiky, farmaceuty i lékaře. V této chvíli
je výukový materiál rozdělen do čtyř základních částí – části
věnované kybernetice a obecné teorii řízení a analýze citlivosti
modelů biologických systémů, části o farmakodynamice a farmakokinetice, části věnované základům molekulární biologie
a genetiky, a části věnované kompartmentovým modelům pro
farmakokinetiku. První část kybernetiky a obecné teorie řízení
se zabývá oblastmi identifikace modelu, odhadu parametrů,
stavovému popisu, reziduální analýze a dalším. Dále se tato
část věnuje analýze citlivosti modelů biologických systémů, je
věnována hlavně definici a využití Sensitivity function, návrhu
experimentu a Bayesovské statistice a jejímu využití v oblasti
PBPK modelování. Druhá část popisuje základní principy farmakodynamiky a hlavně farmakokinetiky. Třetí část je dedikována
základům molekulární biologie a genetiky, je tvořena experty
v dané problematice a věnuje se hlavně definici terminologie,
vybraným metodám v oblasti molekulární biologie a genetiky,
a farmakogenetice a farmakogenomice. Poslední část je vedle
základního úvodu zaměřena na bližší popis kompartmentových modelů, nelineární farmakokinetice, farmakodynamickým
modelům a integrovaným farmakokinetickým-farmakodynamickým modelům a PBPK modelování. U všech částí se počítá
s řadou příkladů na základní i pokročilé úrovni pro pochopení
oblastí samotných i pro jejich provázání s oblastí PBPK. Samozřejmě nejvíce interaktivních příkladů je připravováno pro
čtvrtou část, kde jsou příklady tvořeny v nástroji Edsim++, který
byl přímo vyvinut za účelem modelování v oblasti farmakokinetiky a PBPK, a který je optimalizován pro využití i netechnicky
vzdělanými uživateli. Jednotlivé kapitoly jsou sestaveny tak, aby
bylo jasné, které informace jsou zásadní pro jednotlivé obory
(inženýři, farmaceuti, lékaři) a připravuje se vzájemné provázání.
Tím bude zajištěna nejlepší možná využitelnost materiálu pro
všechny zainteresované skupiny.
BODYLIGHT.JS WEB COMPONENTS – WEBOVÉ KOMPONENTY PRO WEBOVÉ SIMULÁTORY
Authors: Kulhánek Tomáš , Mládek Arnošt , Brož Martin , Kofránek Jiří
Published: January 2022

S rozvojem standardu HTML5, podpory Javascriptu ve verzi EcmaScript6 a CSS stylů napříč prohlížeči a platformami je možné
vyvíjet webové aplikace, které se svojí interaktivitou blíží, nebo
i předčí klasické aplikace pro PC. S tímto rozvojem se taktéž
rozšířila celá řada tzv. frameworků (React JS, Angular JS, Aurelia,
Polymer, VUE), která doplňuje a ulehčuje tvorbu interaktivních
aplikací, nicméně každý z těchto frameworků používá mírně
jiné přístupy a komponenty v nich vytvořené lze obtížně znovu
použít při použití jiných frameworků.
Webové komponenty (web components) se prosazují pomalu jako standardní forma sdílení interaktivních prvků moderních
webových aplikací.
V tomto příspěvku představíme knihovnu "Bodylight.js web
components", je distribuována dle standardu Web components.
Představuje tzv. vlastní elementy, kterými lze obohatit HTML
stránku, WIKI zdroj nebo dokumentaci v Markdownu apod.
o prvky, které webový simulátor vybaví numerickým řešičem
modelu, propojí proměnné modelu s animací a propojí jednodušší grafy s proměnnými modelu a vstupní tlačítka a posuvníky s měnitelnými parametry modelu.
VALIDACE PŘÍČIN ÚMRTÍ PACIENTŮ S COVID-19
Authors: Daňková Šárka , Zvolský Miroslav
Published: January 2022

Data o úmrtnosti jsou považována za jedna z nejtvrdších a nej-
validnějších údajů z oblasti zdravotnické statistiky. Při určování
příčin smrti však narážíme na řadu problémů a omezení souvi-
sejících s vyplněním příslušné dokumentace. COVID-19 přinesl
nové potřeby a možnosti zpracování zdravotnických dat. Do
popředí zájmu se dostávají kompletnost a kvalita sbíraných
dat, případně další, běžně nevyhodnocované kvalitativní pa-
rametry. ÚZIS ČR ve spolupráci s Ministerstvem zdravotnictví
ČR realizoval rozsáhlou revizi úmrtnostních dat v souvislosti
s COVID-19 za rok 2020. Tato revize byla založena na fúzi dvou
různých informačních zdrojů – List o prohlídce zemřelého (LPZ)
a Informační systém infekčních nemocí. Na ni navázala aktivita
spočívající v ověření základní příčiny smrti (undelying cause of
death), vybírané podle pravidel WHO na základě posloupnosti
příčin smrti uvedených na LPZ s využitím informací ze zdravot-
nické dokumentace hospitalizovaných osob prostřednictvím
panelu klinických expertů. Příspěvek popisuje metodiku a vý-
stupy provedené revize mortality pacientů s COVID-19 za rok
2020.
Modelling AI in Architectural Education
Authors: BAŞARIR Lale
Published: January 2022

This work displays an outlook on major questions concerning the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Architectural education. Gradually, part of the domain knowledge and hard skills become either irrelevant or insufficient by the time the students graduate. This paper suggests that integrating AI in the architectural design curriculum is beneficial for raising designers’ awareness of all areas of architectural design, in the form of input, process, and output. The study views consecutive learning experiences in a continuum and explores the potentials of integrating AI applications and techniques in architectural education, and how architectural design practice may benefit from it. Consequently, it provides insights into how architectural design education may transform itself considering the future impact of AI on the Architecture Engineering Construction (AEC) industry.
HOLOPROSENCEFALIA ALOBAR.
Authors: LLANTO-CANCHOS JOSE ANGEL , LLANTO R
Published: January 2022

La holoprosencefalia (HPE) es una malformación cerebral producida por un incorrecto clivaje del prosencéfalo durante los días 18 a 28 de gestación. Siendo el tipo alobar (variante tipo bola) su forma clásica más frecuente y grave, que cursa con un solo ventrículo cerebral y sin fisura interhemisférica y anomalías faciales asociados. En este trabajo se presenta paciente nacido por cesárea a las 35 semanas de gestación, atendido en el servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Regional de Ica-Perú, con diagnóstico ecográfico prenatal (34 semanas) de Holoprosencefalia. Al nacimiento la exploración del hábito externo se observa Recién Nacido de sexo femenino con malformaciones craneales (microcefalia con cierre de suturas y fontanelas) y faciales( ciclopía, arrinia con probóscis y micrognatia), que fallece a las 3 horas de nacida. Comunicamos este caso por tratarse de una patología infrecuente y rara en nuestro medio. La revisión de la literatura de esta patología pretende descubrir la etiología, factores de riesgo, incidencia, características y diversos métodos diagnósticos de la HPE.
Niveles de comprensión lectora
Authors: Lujano Yolanda
Published: January 2022

La presente investigación titulada “Niveles de comprensión lectora en los alumnos de la IES Aplicación “JCM” UNA-Puno-2009.”, cuyo objetivo general fue determinar los niveles de comprensión lectora en alumnos de la IES Aplicación “JCM” UNA PUNO. La hipótesis de investigación: Existe niveles de comprensión Lectora regular en alumnos de la IES Aplicación “JCM” UNA - 2009. El tipo de investigación es: “descriptiva”, diseño “descriptiva simple. El método que se aplicó es no experimental de corte deductivo Inductivo, cuya técnica es el examen. Se empleó el instrumento de la prueba de tipo múltiple, donde se aplicó a todos los alumnos de 1ro a 5to de la IES Aplicación “JCM” UNA – Puno, consideradas en dos tipos de pruebas, uno para el VI Ciclo, es decir, para los alumnos de 1ro y 2do grado y otro para el VII Ciclo que correspondió a los alumnos de 3ro, 4to y 5to grados. Después de la prueba se llegó a concluir que existe niveles de comprensión Lectora buena en alumnos de la IES Aplicación “JCM” UNA - 2009.
FELT IN MODERN INTERIOR DESIGN
Authors: Khalmurzaeva E.B. , Orozova M.O.
Published: January 2022

The article provides an overview and analysis of practical examples of the use of industrial felt in modern interior design, identifies the main ways of its use for further implementation in the educational process in the framework of the developed elective course "Felt in the interior".
FILTER PRUNING IN ORDER OF IMPORTANCE OF THE LAYER GROUPS TO ACCELERATE CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Jang Yunseok , Kim Jaeseok
Published: January 2022

Various acceleration approaches have been studied to deploy convolutional neural networks in embedded devices. Among them, filter pruning is the most active research because it is easy to implement in hardware and keeps high accuracy while reducing the computational and memory cost. In this paper, we propose a method of grouping layers, finding the importance of each group, and groupwise pruning according to the order of importance to achieve high FLOPs reduction while retaining high accuracy. First, we divide the layers of the pre-trained network into groups according to the size of the output feature map. Next, we calculate the importance score per group using first-order Taylor expansion. Finally, filter pruning is performed in order from the group with the highest importance score. When pruning VGG and ResNet trained on CIFAR-10, our proposed method shows superior performance in accuracy and FLOPs compared to the state-of-art methods. Notably, on ResNet-50, we achieve 70.85% FLOPs reduction by removing 50% of the filters, with a slight loss of 0.41% in the baseline accuracy.
THE DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF WEB-BASED GUIDE ROBOT
Authors: Asanbaev A. I. , Daegeun L. , Orozobekova A. K.
Published: January 2022

Web-based guide robot as an example of Internet of Robotic Things is controlled through web and share guide information on web within a network. Using web browser, any device connected to the Internet can control this robot and get the data provided. Robot in the form of Telepresence Bot has a web server hosting webpages for user interface and guide information. Therefore, a users both distant and near the robot can access guide information via web using their mobile devices. In this paper, we present how to design web-based guide robot and implement university campus guide robot as one of its applications.
A STUDY ON THE SENTIMENT ANALYSIS (POSITIVE, NEGATIVE) OF WORDS APPEARING IN KYRGYZ NEWS BY APPLYING THE DEEP LEARNING-BASED NLP (NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING) TECHNIQUES FOR STUDENTS PRACTICE
Authors: Choi Young-Sang , Abdieva S.
Published: January 2022

This study is theoretical on the sentiment analysis field of deep learning-based natural language processing, which is the world's advanced technology, namely data collection and preprocessing stage, tokenizing stage, Sentiment Dictionary construction stage, positive and negative word extraction stage through sentiment analysis, deep learning introduces major contents and related technologies such as model configuration, execution stage, and data visualization stage.
In addition, speech processing technology performed in the data collection stage, STT (Speech to Text) and TTS (Text to Speech) technology will be introduced.
In this study, a program was written using various open sources (libraries) including ’keras’ 2.0 version used in the deep learning natural language processing field of the python language base. This study is executed to help students who are studying deep learning natural language processing.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY ERADICATION OF THE KULAKS AS A CLASS IN KYRGYZSTAN IN 1920-1930S.
Authors: Altymyshova Z.A.
Published: January 2022

With the establishment of the Soviet power, a notion of “class struggle” had emerged and the idea of the elimination of former upper class and the old order was disseminated. It is claimed that the new Soviet rule was rule of the working class people. The October Revolution introduced a new ruling class into the Soviet society-the proletariat-the potential challenger of whom was the old ruling class. Traditional society was considered as “feudal and patriarchal” in Turkestan. The policy eradication of the kulaks as a class was conducted during 1920-1930s in all USSR.The word kulak, used as a political term between 1920-1930, meant a prosperous peasant who exploites people. The political campaign eradication of the kulaks as a class included such practices as confiscation of private property and deportations of the well-off peasants to remote regions. This process was main part of collectivization. Bai-manap families who labeled as a kulaks from Soviet Kyrgyzstan were deported to Russia and Ukraine between 1927-1932. The current article focuses on the processes of the policy on eradication of the kulaks as a class and its results in Kyrgyzstan. This paper is based on the local archival documents, scientific sources and oral materials.
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT WERE SHOWN IN COOPERATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF KYRGYZSTAN
Authors: Artykbaeva G. Sh. , Nogoeva G. D.
Published: January 2022

The geopolitical position of Kyrgyzstan, which is far from the sea, its proximity to China, the countries of the Customs Union, mountainous relief, the absence of easily recoverable natural resources presuppose the initially difficult situation of the republic. Our participation as an equal subject of international relations, as well as the interests of the country, necessitate and contribute to the orientation of our state towards the development of our trade cooperation with our neighbors, as well as to be a partner as a country – a transshipment point on the trade routes of the world economy.
IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors: Mashaeva A.T. , Bapaliev K.O.
Published: January 2022

This article examines the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on the macroeconomic performance of the Kyrgyz Republic. The pandemic has caused the most significant damage to international trade. International trade has been pushed back several years as a result of the lockdown, and it will take no small effort and time to restore international trade.
According to the World Health Organization, the only way to overcome the pandemic is to create herd immunity. To develop herd immunity, at least 70 percent of the population must be vaccinated against the COVID-19 virus.
TAXATION AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Soltogulova M.U. , Asanbekova A.A.
Published: January 2022

In this article, the system of taxation of construction organizations is considered as one of the factors of the external environment that affects the functioning and development of construction organizations. The detailed analysis of the industry structure of GNS, the role of construction in the total tax revenues to the state budget are tax deductions construction companies over the past 5 years.
Novel Acoustic Snapshot of a Sarawak Forest
Authors: Yi Justin D. , Cobo-Cuan Ariadna , Márquez Rafael , Sheridan Jennifer A. , Grafe T. Ulmar , Farina Almo , Narins Peter M.
Published: January 2022

Auditory signals are often used by forest species to attract mates, define and defend territories, and locate prey, and thus these signals may be monitored and used to estimate species presence, richness and acoustic complexity of a patch of habitat. We analyzed recordings from a biodiversity hotspot in the rainforests of Batang Ai National Park in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Three recording sites were established in the forest understory and continuous recordings were made for an acoustic snapshot of approximately 40 h. From these recordings, the bioacoustic index (BI) and acoustic complexity index (ACI) were computed. These acoustic indices exhibited clear periodicity with periods on the order of >6 h. The ACI and BI time series also showed oscillations, with peaks separated by 12 h corresponding to the alternation between bird and frog activity during the day and night, respectively. We quantified the relationships between the acoustic index values and anuran and avian richness, and environmental variables (rainfall intensity and time of day) using correlative and information theoretic techniques. ACI and BI were moderately positively and negatively correlated with rainfall intensity, respectively. ACI and BI were also weakly-to-moderately correlated to species richness, but with mixed directions between recording sites. However, the correlations and mutual information values, a model-free estimator of the relationship strength of random variables, were highest for the relationships between ACI and BI with respect to the rate of individual frog calls, rather than species richness alone. We conclude that acoustic indices are most useful for monitoring ecological dynamics on timescales longer than 6 h. We suggest that acoustic indices are best applied to studying changes in acoustic activity at the level of ecological populations rather than for estimating species richness, as they have been commonly applied in the past.
Meniscal Root Tears—The Crippling Epidemic. Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Crisan Dan , Vermesan Dinu , Prejbeanu Radu , Deleanu Bogdan , Craioveanu Sorin
Published: January 2022

(1) Background: Meniscal lesions are one of the most prevalent pathologies in orthopedics; meniscal root tears have been recognized as a specific subset with poor mid- to long-term results after standard treatment options (observation, physical therapy, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy) and frequent progression to osteoarthritis. Meniscal root repair has emerged as a new technique with promising results. We present a case report and review the current literature regarding the diagnosis, indications to repair, current techniques, alternatives and expected outcomes. (2) Case report: A 49-year-old woman, with a body mass index of 30 and no significant comorbidities or history of trauma, involved in moderate to heavy physical activity, presented with left knee pain at the internal meniscal line, which worsened over the last 4 months, despite an intra-articular steroid shot. Based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), she was diagnosed with a type 2 medial meniscus posterior root tear and moderate internal compartment chondropathy (Outerbridge 2). She underwent side-to-side repair of the meniscal lesion and reattachment of the root through a bone tunnel over a button. Postoperatively, she was non-weight-bearing (NWB) for 6 weeks and with the knee immobilized at 30° of flexion. At 6 months’ follow-up, the patient was fully ambulant without crutches, with active knee flexion between 0° and 130°. (3) Conclusion: Meniscal root repair is reasonably accessible. It may provide additional benefits over current treatment options when used judiciously and with an adequate surgical technique.