bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empowerment of Micro Enterprises (UMKM) by Increasing Team Effectiveness Using Qur’Ani Job Design Model
Authors: Jaya Winandi
Published: April 2021

Subject and purpose of work: Micro Enterprises (UMKM) have a great potential to support the economic condition, however, if it is not balanced with managerial abilities, team effectiveness is not maximised. This study investigates increasing team effectiveness through training and mentoring in making Qur’ani job designs of micro enterprises.

Materials and methods: The study used a pre-posttest design of control and experimental groups. 74 total respondents were involved and divided into a control and an experimental group. Each group consisted of 37 respondents. The measuring instruments used in the study were a questionnaire developed by the researchers implementing Qur’ani Job Design, as well as the value of team effectiveness in micro enterprises. The data analysis was performed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), which assessed the magnitude of the effect of training and mentoring team effectiveness.

Results: The results indicated that training and assistance of making qurani job designs can help increase the effectiveness of a team.

Conclusions: Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the evaluation that was carried out shows that quranic job design can help increase the effectiveness of micro enterprises teams. Thus the hypothesis in this study was accepted.
Gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine reduce time to flowering and improve flower quality of Laelia anceps
Authors: Tejeda-Sartorius Olga , Vaquera-Huerta Humberto , Trejo-Téllez Libia Iris , Soto-Hernández Ramón Marcos , Sánchez-Escudero Julio
Published: April 2021

The efficacy of plant growth regulators (PGRs) has been demonstrated in the flowering of economically significant orchid hybrids, but studies of their effects in wild species with commercial potential are scarce. The effect of three doses of gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzyladenine (BA), individually or in combination, and a control without PGRs, were evaluated during three flowering periods in Laelia anceps subsp. anceps, in the temporal behavior of flowering, morpho-floral quality parameters and in potential residual effects and malformations. Significant effects were observed between the experimental periods and doses used, with a single application of PGRs in the first period reducing the days to visible flower induction (DVFI), days to anthesis (DAN) and days of flower life (DFL), mainly in the first period. There were no significant differences between doses for morpho-floral quality parameters within each period, but differences existed between experimental periods, where the life and size of the flower increased in the first period, and the number of flowers and flower stems increased significantly in the second period. The doses of 2.37 mg · L−1 BA + 100 mg · L−1 GA3 showed highest significant consistency in the reduction of DVFI, DAN and increase of DFL and flower stems in the study. There were no floral malformations, and a positive residual effect was observed in temporal variables in the second period. Most of the doses used encourage beneficial effects in the various aspects of flowering evaluated.
Towards an economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic: empirical study on electronic commerce adoption of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Thuy Dam Luong , Nguyen Huy Khanh , Nguyen Ha Thu
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak has created a severe crisis for general economic situation. Despite the short time span of the pandemic, many innovations are implemented for organizational survival and recovery in the competitive market environment of digital age. This paper aims to find out significant factors and how they impact on E-commerce adoption of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam, especially in the epidemic time. The results reveal that technology perceived compatibility has the greatest effect on E-commerce adoption, followed by management support and external pressure. Moreover, external support only has minor impact on E-commerce adoption in the Covid-19. Meaningfully, this study makes contribution to both innovation literature and practical management with new insight of current Vietnamese situation for small and medium organizations.
Shopping Center Industry Internationalization with a Focus on Key Resources and Direct Investment: The Case of a Chilean Company in Mexico
Authors: Riquelme Humberto , Bobek Vito , Horvat Tatjana
Published: April 2021

The shopping center sector has been growing steadily over the last years in Latin America. Many countries such as Chile, Mexico, and Brazil lead the industry in the region, with so many projects still under development and different companies with international expansion perspectives in their portfolio. The purpose of this paper is to identify which are the most recommendable entry mode strategies for Latin American countries and which are the essential resources and capabilities that a shopping center company needs to develop to increase the likelihood of success in the sector. Thus, different factors, such as political, economic, and social factors, which impact the industry operation, are analyzed to create a high-level overview of this industry’s most important subjects. For this purpose, primary and secondary data are used, based on a literature review and an empirical qualitative study, giving information of the Chilean Commercial Real Estate company, and interviewing its top managers. Thereby, the results lead to an entry strategy proposal into the Mexican market, identifying the most important shopping centers in the country, the main actors, and the best opportunities to enter.
Revivalism, Bible Societies, and Tract Societies in the Kingdom of Hungary: A Multi-Ethnic, Multi-Cultural, and Multi-Denominational Work for Spreading the Good News of Jesus Christ
Authors: Kovács Ábraham
Published: April 2021

The current research paper seeks to investigate how Evangelicals and Pietist, the most fervent of Protestants sought to ‘educate’ the masses outside the educational framework of ecclesiastical and state structures within the Hungarian Kingdom. More specifically the study intends to offer a concise overview of the history of Protestants who spread the gospel through the distribution of affordable Bibles, New Testaments and Christian tracts. It shows how various denominations worked together as well as directs attention to their theological outlook which transcended ethnic boundaries. It is a well-known fact in mission and church history that such undertakings were carried out to stir revivalism. The study also throws light on how influential role the Scottish Mission as well as Archduchess Maria Dorothea played in stirring revivalism through the aforementioned means. The history of these kinds of endeavours, especially that of the most significant ones like the work of the British and Foreign Bible Society and Religious Tract Society has not been treated adequately by historians of religion and education, intellectual historians and social historians. This research output is a contribution to give an account of the multi-ethnic and transdenominational work of Hungarians, Jews, Germans, Slovaks and Romanians working for a common goal.
Load capacity of the mixed bench and slab foundation. Numerical simulations and analytical calculation model
Authors: Grodecki Michał
Published: April 2021

The paper presents results of a numerical investigation on load capacity of the mixed bench and slab shallow foundations (often used in the process of the modernization of the old, antique buildings, which are suffering from lack of the load capacity). The main trouble with use of existing analytical approaches is a non-unique foundation level of the bench and slab, they could even be founded on different geotechnical layers. Proposed analytical model based on Brinch Hansen (EC-7) approach could deal with such a problem. Results of 2D and 3D numerical modelling (ultimate load of the foundation) are compared to the obtained by using the proposed approach. Influence of the soil above the foundation level is also investigated. Different width to length ratios of the foundation are analyzed (from “short” to “long” foundations). Usability of the proposed analytical model in engineering practice is proved by numerical simulations; the obtained results are on the safe side with quite acceptable margin of additional safety.
A Study of the Effect of Central Bank Intervention on North American Debt Financial Markets
Authors: Burns Evan
Published: April 2021

This presentation, and corresponding research paper, serves to analyze the impact of Central Bank policy and operations on financial markets in the United States and Canada during the period of Summer 2008 to present day. Research is primarily focused on the effects of monetary stimulus and the setting of Central Bank policy rates and how these two tools impacted the market for fixed income financial instruments. The presentation analyzes the decisions made by borrowers of capital, primarily institutions and governments, given the unprecedented macroeconomic environment experienced during this period. To complement this research and provide a thorough analysis of the effects of Central Bank policy, the presentation analyzes other asset classes and provides insight into the impact of Canadian and U.S. Central Bank actions globally.  In doing this, the presentation will provide a more complete picture of how Central Bank actions during this period impacted not only North American economies but also the effects experienced by investors across geopolitical and asset class divisions.
The First Wealth is Health: Assessing the World Health Organization’s Impact on a High African Disease Burden
Authors: Waterhouse Kiran
Published: April 2021

Underdeveloped regions of the world are plagued by a high prevalence of communicable diseases. Their deleterious effects on the quality of human life in such areas are clearly observable, making this a phenomenon worthy of sustained investigation. While no single factor determines the success or failure of development in a region, social scientists have attributed a measurable reduction in development capabilities to the enormously suppressive economic, social and psychological burdens of these communicable diseases. The institution of the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations, exists with a mandate to mitigate the harms of high disease burdens upon afflicted populations. In this paper, I evaluate the efficacy of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s work combating communicable diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa through an examination of its liberal methodology. To do so, I examine the mandate and methods of the World Health Organization with the aim of comprehending how its institutional features successfully promote consensus building and collaboration between domestic and international actors. I conclude that the WHO’s success stems from its entrenched philosophy of liberalism, an international relations perspective focused on creating cooperative ties between international actors. This finding is significant because it provides insight into how the social nature of communicable diseases makes international cooperation within all relevant political levels of analysis an indispensible component of disease management strategies.
Social Reform with a Nationalist Agenda: The Sarda Act of 1929
Authors: McNorton Hayley
Published: April 2021

On September 20th 1929, the Indian Central Legislative Assembly passed the Sarda Act. The Sarda Act was the result of ongoing discussions in India in the early twentieth century that revolved around the age of consent and the age of marriage. Har Bilas Sarda, a member of the Assembly since 1924, introduced the bill in 1927 as the Child Marriage Restraint Act. In history, this bill is celebrated for improving the living conditions for women in Colonial India by addressing the potentially negative physical and social effects that having sex and giving birth could have on young girls. However, what is not discussed in history is the motivations that Har Bilas Sarda had in introducing the bill. Using primary sources, I would like to argue that the Sarda Act was part of a larger nationalist agenda espoused by a Hindu nationalist group called the  Arya Samaj which aimed to restore the legacy of the ancient Hindu civilization. I will conclude by linking  the themes in Sarda’s writings with the broader historical context to demonstrate that that Sarda’s motivations for campaigning for a higher age of marriage was tied to a Hindu nationalist agenda.
Politics and Religion in the Third Crusade: Examining the Rise of Political Motives on Crusade through the Plantagenet-Capetian Rivalry through 1190 to 1193
Authors: Henry-Noel Darren
Published: April 2021

In 1095CE hundreds of Frankish warriors, filled with religious fervor, gathered at Clermont in France to hear a sermon by Pope Urban II. In it, the pontiff laid out a grand mission, to reclaim Jerusalem from the forces of Islam and restore it once again to the stewardship of Christianity. The expedition that followed would be known as the First Crusade and led to nearly two centuries of sustained military, economic, and societal presence by European Christians in the Levant. My research project focuses on the Third Crusade of 1190-1193CE, which was launched in response to the fall of Jerusalem to Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, in 1187CE. My research asserts that the Third Crusade was a turning point in the development of crusading ideology. My work argues that this expedition began a process whereby crusading evolved into a tool for achieving the political goals of its secular leaders, as opposed to an act of religious penitence. This involves a close analysis of the principal leaders of the crusade, Richard I of England (r.1189-1199) and Philip II of France (r.1180-1223), and places their actions on crusade within the wider context of their rivalry to achieve political dominance in Western France. Given the integral part crusading played in the notion of medieval kingship, and taking into account growing monarchical participation in crusades, I also hope to connect the two concepts of royal power and crusading ideology as they were being solidified in the late twelfth century.
Disordered Photonic Crystal Slabs for Thin-Film Photovoltaics
Authors: Carlson Chelsea
Published: April 2021

Photonic crystal nanostructures are the foundation for many optical applications such as nanochip waveguides, optical fibres, and high-Q nanocavities. Recently, researchers have begun to explore the use of photonic crystal slabs to increase the overall absorption of sunlight in thin-film solar photovoltaic (PV) cells. Currently, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film technologies can only achieve efficiencies of up to 16% in laboratories and less than 10% in manufactured commercial products. The difficulty in improving these efficiencies arises from the inherent band gap properties of the crystalline silicon layer: the natural photonic bandgap in the near infrared (IR) region of light prohibits almost a third of the entire available solar spectrum from being absorbed. Some of this loss can be salvaged by increasing the thickness of the silicon layer, but this drives the price of the cell up and has very limited potential. However, using photonic crystal nanostructures in the active layer of the cell can decrease the reflection of light at the surface and increase the photon path within the film, enhancing the collection and conversion efficiencies over a broad spectrum. The absorption can be further increased by introducing pseudo-disorder within the structures. The purpose of this study was to explore the physical parameters of this disorder and quantitatively optimize absorption.
Knowledge of the Mass Murder of Jewish People Possessed by Ordinary German
Authors: Liu Gillian Yijing
Published: April 2021

In 1933, the Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, came to political power in Germany. As a direct result of the Nazi’s actions, approximately 6 million Jewish victims were killed. The Nazi Party members were undoubtedly responsible for these results, but were the non- party Germans? To answer this sensitive question, the extent of knowledge of these events must be investigated. To what extent did “ordinary” German civilians know about the extermination of Jews during the Holocaust in Berlin from 1942 to the end of the Second World War? The population must be categorized by those who knew about the Jewish deportations and murders, those who chose to know, those who chose not to know, and those who did not know.

To investigate this idea, oral interviews were collected. They hold value as a first hand perspective, but have limitations of dishonesty and censorship of information. A large collection of survey information from 1985 was heavily considered, in addition to various secondary sources such as articles, videos, and books, and primary sources such as maps and photographs.

After weighing probable statistics and popularity of Nazi ideology, evidence supports the idea that more Germans chose not to know about the extermination of Jews than any other extent, due to the high number of Nazi ideology supporters, high degree of terror propaganda, and indoctrinated youth.
Searching for Dark Matter: Background Discrimination in the PICO detector
Authors: Daley Simon
Published: April 2021

The PICO experiment uses superheated bubble chambers located at SNOLAB for direct detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), one of the candidate particles for dark matter. Bubbles form in the detector when a particle interacts with a nucleus of the target fluid, and the recoiling deposits enough energy to nucleate a bubble in the superheated fluid. Much of the data analysis for PICO focuses on determining what type of particle caused a bubble to form. The differentiation is made by analysing signals from pressure sensors, piezoelectric acoustic sensors, and stereoscopic cameras. This talk will present an overview of the sensors and analysis which are used to discriminate between WIMP interactions and background events in the PICO 2L detector, with a focus on the role of image analysis and the potential sensitivity of the detector if good discrimination can be realized.
El agujero negro de los premios literarios municipales
Authors: Izu Belloso Miguel José
Published: April 2021

Se analizan los premios literarios concedidos por las entidades locales, en particular los que conllevan la publicación de las obras premiadas. Pese a que las Administraciones Públicas deben someterse a un procedimiento riguroso que garantice la publicidad y la satisfacción de los intereses públicos en todas sus actuaciones, y más cuando se utilizan fondos públicos, es demasiado frecuente que la concesión de premios literarios se realice ignorando las normas legales aplicables y con ausencia total de transparencia y de garantías para los participantes.
Prediksi Energi Listrik Kincir Angin Berdasarkan Data Kecepatan Angin Menggunakan LSTM
Authors: Andiyantama Muhammad Qubaisy , Zahira Iffah , Irawan Ade
Published: April 2021

Fossil energy is well known as the most energy resource consumed by humans. However, the exploitation leads to damage both in the process of taking raw materials and in the use of those. Furthermore, the amount has become decreasing nowadays. Renewable energy could solve the energy crisis. One kind of renewable energy that has been successfully used by a human is by utilizing wind turbines. However, there are still many problems in its implementation and usage. One of the problems is the unstable generated electricity that is caused by instability of the wind speed. Inappropriate plans for utilizing wind turbines in such areas with varying wind speed could harm renewable energy investment. Therefore, forecasting the wind speed is necessary to anticipate the stability and embrace optimal produced energy. This study proposes the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm to predict the generated energy by using the wind speed dataset. Thus, wind turbines can be utilized effectively and efficiently in the right area with sufficient average wind speed.
A Rush Hour Ride on the Dwarf Planet: Neotropical Imaginings from a Postpandemic Colony
Authors: Yin Christina
Published: April 2021

In this dystopian flash fiction piece, a colonist on the Dwarf Planet takes the train back to her cubicle after another hard day’s work. As she struggles amid the harsh environmental conditions, KÆ reflects on why she volunteered to come out to this remote colony in the far reaches of the solar system. It is revealed that the great pandemic of 2020 never ended; the virus mutated and humans fled the Earth to build new worlds on other planets. But glimpses of the world left behind beckon as KÆ and her fellow colonists are now being enticed to return to a revived Earth; in particular, to the land of her forebears, Borneo, where orangutans roam in the resurrected rainforest and holiday-makers frolic in the famed underwater world of Sipadan and play on the island’s pristine beaches.
“State of Intoxication:” Governing Alcohol and Disease in the Forests of British North Borneo
Authors: Saunders David
Published: April 2021

This article focuses on issues of alcohol consumption, disease and public health in British North Borneo in the 1920s and 1930s, a colonial territory along the periphery of empire. Drawing upon a range of sources – from reportage and memoranda, to local folk tales and oral tradition – it examines how the North Borneo Chartered Company administration responded to spiralling population decline and ill health amongst indigenous Murut communities. Amidst widespread economic stagnation, the company shunned vital public health infrastructure and medical aid, opting instead to govern behaviour and condemn alcohol consumption. This article shows how the company perpetuated racist assumptions concerning ostensible alcohol addiction amongst indigenous communities. It further suggests that the effects of Northern European and American temperance and prohibition movements impacted the Bornean tropics. While scholarly attention has been paid to issues of alcohol, disease and empire in the tropics, historiography has overlooked the role of lax colonial governance in semi-autonomous, atypical colonial spaces such as British North Borneo. This article ultimately serves as a vital corrective by showing how the legacies of commercial-colonial governance remain perceptible in Sabah today, a region still facing major socio-economic and public health pressures amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19: Learning from Past Funding Initiatives and their Dismissal in Southeast Asia
Authors: Sciortino Rosalia
Published: April 2021

This article examines philanthropic funding of past efforts to control emerging infectious diseases in Southeast Asia and China. The recount, based on personal insights as a foundation professional and a review of both published and unpublished material, shows that American foundations and other like-minded donors identified the risks associated with zoonotic infections early on – including from the same coronavirus family that is causing the current COVID-19 pandemic – and were later followed by bilateral and multilateral donors investing greater resources. At the cusp of the 2000s, foundations played a leadership and catalyst role in advancing a transdisciplinary agenda to better understand and respond to new emerging threats and in building the necessary individual and institutional capacities for regional and local disease surveillance. For more than a decade, this concentration of resources and approaches was recognised as having contributed to better preparedness. Gradually, however, funding initiatives declined in value and intensity due to several internal and external factors. This article argues that COVID-19 arrives in the midst of an unfinished donor agenda and that it is important to reflect on why philanthropic foundations, and the development aid community more generally, found themselves unprepared for the pandemic in order to draw lessons for addressing today’s crisis – and future outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases.
MASKED METHOD FOR SEGMENTATION OF HANDWRITTEN TEXT
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Kobenko V. Yu. , Frolov S. O. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Talalayev V. I. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: April 2021

В работе освещается проблема выделения рукописного текста на изображении с немонотонным фоном. Приводится описание широко распространённых методов сегментации, позволяющих решить данную проблему: метод цветового анализа изображений, бинарная сегментация изображений методом фиксации уровня, а также, метод выделения и анализа контуров. Предложен алгоритм сегментации текста, основанный на использовании шаблона исходного изображения в качестве маски, позволяющий существенно упростить сегментацию текста на изображениях с немонотонным фоном. Также производится сравнительный анализ методов.
SOLID SOLUTIONS OF HETEROSYSTEMS INAS-AIIBVI. VOLUME AND SURFACE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Kirovskaya I. A. , Kopylova E. N. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Umanskiy I. Y. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Bukashkina T. L. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Krasheninin V. I. ,   Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russia
Published: April 2021

С использованием специально разработанных методик получены твердые растворы систем типа InAs-AIIBVI (AIIBVI-ZnSVI, CdTe). По результатам рентгенографических исследований в сочетании с результатами микро-, электронно-микроскопических исследований они аттестованы как твердые растворы замещения с кубической структурой сфалерита; получена информация о кристаллохимических и структурных свойствах; определены элементные составы, практически совпадающие с заданными мольными. Изучены кислотно-основные свойства поверхностей твердых растворов и бинарных компонентов систем, обнаружившие слабокислый характер и повышенную активность к основным газам. Установлены закономерности изменений объемных и поверхностных свойств с изменением состава, подчиняющиеся преимущественно статистическому закону применительно к системе InAs-CdTe и с экстремальными проявлениями применительно к системе InAs-ZnS, которым дано обоснование. Выявлены связь между закономерностями, влияние объемных свойств (в частности, ширины запрещенной зоны, разности электроотрицательностей) на поверхностные свойства. Намечены ориентиры поиска новых материалов для сенсорной техники, базирующиеся на более доступных сведениях об объемных свойствах. Даны практические рекомендации по использованию полученных материалов для изготовления сенсоров-датчиков на микропримеси основных газов.
Lymph Node Ultrasound in Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Tavarozzi Rita , Manzato Enrica , Lombardi Anna
Published: April 2021

Lymphoproliferative disorders are one of the most frequent hematological malignancies affecting the blood and lymphatic system. To better stratify patients, an accurate imaging evaluation is needed. Although computed tomography and positron emission tomography are considered the standard methods, these procedures have several clinical drawbacks, such as biological risk and high costs. Ultrasound (US) is a rapid and user-friendly method to evaluate lymph node (LN) and organ enlargements. US imaging provides more sensitive information about LN structure, vascularization, and metabolism and new techniques have increased its specificity, especially in malignant setting. However, validated and standardized criteria for its use are missing, with only several single-center experiences reported. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review and briefly illustrate the status of the US knowledge and applications in lymphoproliferative workup, particularly concerning malignant LN pathology.
Management of ovarian functions by melatonin
Authors: Haldar Chandana , Chowdhury Jayita Pal
Published: April 2021

Extensive research has unraveled a niche for melatonin that is of great significance for the female reproductive physiology. The potency of melatonin as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic agent is being utilized to benefit female reproductive anomalies. Melatonin receptors have been localized in the Supra Chaismatic Nucleus (SCN), pars tuberalis (PT), and the gonads suggesting the regulation of reproduction by melatonin not only at a higher level but also on the gonads through complex interrelated mechanisms. Melatonin secreted by the pineal gland acts on the hypothalamus to regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone and subsequently gonadotropin (FSH/LH) release from the PT. However, the de novo synthesis of this indoleamine reported in the gonads gave rise to the idea of a more localized action. The mammalian ovary has all the molecular machinery required for the biosynthesis of melatonin and interestingly concentration of melatonin in the follicular fluid of pre-ovulatory follicles is much higher than circulatory melatonin even in humans. This locally produced melatonin has been shown to modulate various pathways governing ovarian steroidogenesis. Further, melatonin and its receptors play a significant role in antioxidant defense mechanism of ovary for follicular growth and maturation. Exposure to stress strongly influences hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and elevated glucocorticoid levels suppress various ovarian functions including implantation thereby pregnancy. Melatonin acts antagonistically with glucocorticoids, making it crucial for the management of the female reproductive functions/dysfunctions. Usage of melatonin during in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures has been found to improve oocyte quality, survival, and fecundity. Therefore, in future, melatonin can be implicated as preferable therapeutic especially in IVF and assisted reproductive techniques.
Determination and optimization of ideal patient candidacy for anterior odontoid screw fixation
Authors: Fiani Brian , Doan Thao , Covarrubias Claudia , Shields Jennifer , Sekhon Manraj , Rose Alexander
Published: April 2021

Background:

Odontoid process fractures are one of the most common spine fractures, especially in patients over age 70. There is still much controversy over the ideal candidate for anterior odontoid screw fixation (AOSF), with outcomes affected by characteristics such as fracture morphology, nonideal body habitus, and osteoporosis. Therefore, this systematic review seeks to discuss the optimal criteria, indications, and adverse postoperative considerations when deciding to pursue AOSF.

Methods:

This investigation was conducted from experiential recall and article selection performed using the PubMed electronic bibliographic databases. The search yielded 124 articles that were assessed and filtered for relevance. Following the screening of titles and abstracts, 48 articles were deemed significant for final selection.

Results:

AOSF is often utilized to treat Type IIB odontoid fractures, which has been shown to preserve atlantoaxial motion, limit soft-tissue injuries/blood loss/vertebral artery injury/reduce operative time, provide adequate osteosynthesis, incur immediate spinal stabilization, and allow motion preservation of C1 and C2. However, this technique is limited by patient characteristics such as fracture morphology, transverse ligament rupture, remote injuries, short neck or inability to extend neck, barrel chested, and severe spinal kyphosis, in addition to adverse postoperative outcomes such as dysphagia and vocal cord paralysis.

Conclusion:

Due to the fact that odontoid fractures have a significant morbidity in elderly population, treatment with AOSF is generally recommended for this population with higher risk for nonoperative fusion. Considerations should be made to achieve fracture stability and fusion, while lowering the risk for operative and postoperative complications.
Spontaneous epidural hematoma of the cervical spine in two patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: Nasios Anastasios , Alexiou George , Zygouris Andreas , Voulgaris Spyridon
Published: April 2021

Background:

Sarcoidosis is correlated with hematological abnormalities that can result in spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas (EDH). As there is significant risk for permanent neurologic sequelae due to acute cord compression, these lesions often warrant emergent surgical intervention.

Case Description:

Two females, 56 and 62 years of age, respectively, both with sarcoidosis on corticosteroids, presented with the spontaneous acute onset of cervical pain, and progressive myeloradiculopathy. Emergent MR scans revealed cervical EDHs with cord compression, respectively, from C5-T1, and C6-C7. Following emergent laminectomies in both cases, patients’ neurological deficits resolved.

Conclusion:

Two patients with sarcoidosis at increased risk for spontaneous hemorrhages, presented with cervical EDHs warranting emergent decompressive laminectomies.
Current treatment options and prognostic factors for ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms
Authors: Take Yushiro , Kamide Tomoya , Kikkawa Yuichiro , Ikegami Masaki , Teranishi Akio , Ehara Takuro , Shibata Aoto , Suzuki Kaima , Ikeda Toshiki , Iihoshi Satoshi , Kohyama Shinya , Kurita Hiroki
Published: April 2021

Background:

Distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms are rare, representing 1–9% of all intracranial aneurysms. The best treatment strategy for these aneurysms continues to be debated. We clarified the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with ruptured distal ACA aneurysms according to the treatment options at our institute.

Methods:

Thirty-seven consecutive patients (26 women; mean age, 65.2 years) with ruptured distal ACA aneurysms who underwent surgical clipping or coil embolization between 2012 and 2018 were included in the study. Clinical presentations, radiographic findings, and outcomes were retrospectively reviewed and compared between patients who underwent either surgical clipping or coil embolization. Risk factors associated with poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 4–6) were analyzed using multiple regression analysis.

Results:

Nineteen patients (51.4%) had World Federation Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) Grade IV-V, 18 (48.7%) had frontal lobe hematomas, and 13 (35.1%) had multiple aneurysms. Surgical clipping and endovascular coiling were performed in 28 (75.7%) and nine (24.3%) patients, respectively. Aneurysms located at the A4-5 portions were mainly treated by surgical clipping (P = 0.04). There were no significant between-group differences in procedure-related morbidity and mortality; however, the complete occlusion rate was higher in the surgical group (P < 0.01). Overall, a favorable neurological outcome at discharge (mRS 0–3) was obtained in 23 patients (62.5%). Multiple regression analysis revealed that WFNS Grade IV-V and frontal lobe hematomas were risk factors for poor outcomes (mRS 4–6).

Conclusion:

Acceptable outcomes were obtained in 62.5% of cases, and there were no significant between-group differences in treatment results between clipping and coiling. A poor WFNS grade and intracerebral hematomas were risk factors for a poor prognosis.
San Felipe on the Yucatan Peninsula Coast. Socioeconomic, Demographic and Housing Diagnosis
Authors:   CINVESTAV, Fraga Berdugo Julia , Gavaldon Hoshiko Ana
Published: April 2021

Between comprehension and understanding an urban problem (¿Towards where San Felipe will grow housing taking into account the ecosystem coastal-marine?) we entered the community with a precautionary approach due to the absence of sources of information or that they were not robust enough to understand the common thread of the study that it was intended to perform
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) State of the Art
Authors:   UNAM, Garduño Ruiz E.P. , García Huante A. , Rodríguez Cueto Y. , Bárcenas Graniel J.F. , Alatorre Mendieta M.A. , Cerezo Acevedo E. , Tobal Cupul G. , Romero Medina V.M. , Silva Casarin R.
Published: April 2021

The oceans function as large collectors of solar energy, which recently the human has had the interest to study. Ocean water retains approximately 15% of the totalof solar energy as thermal energy. The technology that allows generatingenergy through temperature differences the ocean is called Conversion Ocean Thermal Energy (otec). This type of energy is concentrated in the surface part of seawater and decreases exponentially with increasing depth, as the sea ​​bottom
Науково-методичний підхід до оцінювання ефективності митного контролю в системі фінансової безпеки
Authors: Костишин Юрій Сергійович
Published: April 2021

Статтю присвячено дослідженню функціонування блоку оцінки результатів митного контролю, що вимагає розробки методичного забезпечення такої оцінки та формування показників і критеріїв результативності й ефективності контрольної діяльності. Визначено, що сьогодні не існує єдиної методики оцінки ефективності митного контролю. Це обумовлено такими причинами: по-перше, митний контроль має власну специфіку оцінки, що вимагає формування відповідних показників та критеріїв; по-друге, триває дискусія з приводу придатності для цілей оцінки ефективності часткових або все ж таки інтегральних показників; по-третє, є плутанина з приводу оцінки результативності, дієвості та ефективності контролю як близьких за змістом оціночних характеристик. Відсутність єдиної методики оцінки ефективності митного контролю в системі фінансової безпеки, важливість розробки оціночних показників та критеріїв для таких цілей свідчить про актуальність та значущість теми дослідження в цьому напрямі. Метою статті є аналіз наукових підходів до ефективності контрольної діяльності та розробка методичного забезпечення оцінки ефективності митного контролю в системі фінансової безпеки. Оцінка переваг та недоліків існуючих методичних підходів до аналізу ефективності митного контролю надала можливість обрати науково-методичний підхід, який є поєднанням підходу, орієнтованого на бенчмаркінг результатів із застосуванням методу Евклідової відстані, і клієнтоорієнтованого підходу, результатом використання якого є визначення інтегрального показника ефективності діяльності регіональних митниць та ідентифікація місця кожної митниці в одержаному кінцевому рейтингу шляхом проведеного ранжування з використанням методики «суми місць». Прикладне застосування запропонованого науково-методичного підходу дозволить визначити ефективність діяльності митних органів з позиції збільшення митних надходжень до бюджету та забезпечення відповідного рівня фінансової безпеки, встановити ступінь задоволеності користувачів митних послуг діяльністю митних органів.
The enrolment gap: who is not enrolling with primary health organizations in Aotearoa New Zealand and what are the implications? An exploration of 2015–2019 administrative data
Authors: Irurzun-Lopez Maite , Jeffreys Mona , Cumming Jacqueline
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Primary Health Care (PHC) is the entry point to accessing health services in many countries. Having a high proportion of the population enrolled with a PHC provider is key to ensuring PHC fulfils this role and that it contributes to achieving better equity in health. We aimed to understand the extent to which people in Aotearoa New Zealand are enrolling with Primary Health Organizations (PHOs), how enrolment rates have evolved over time, and variations across District Health Boards (DHBs) and socio-demographic groups.

Methods
We analysed administrative data on the proportion of people enrolled in PHOs and breakdowns across DHBs, and by age, ethnicity and deprivation, for the years 2015–2019.

Results
About 6% of the population was not enrolled in 2019. There are persistent differences across socio-demographic groups as well as geographically. Māori have lower enrolment rates than New Zealand European/Other groups. Young people (15–24 years) are the least likely to be enrolled. The most affluent areas have the highest enrolment rates. Auckland DHB shows the lowest enrolment rates.

Conclusions
Enrolments remain below full population coverage and inequities exist between socio-demographic and geographic groups. Potential reasons explaining these trends include methodological limitations as well as real issues in accessing services. We recommend (a) work towards minimising data issues in relation to this indicator to improve its accuracy and value in signalling trends in access to PHC services, and (b) investigating the reasons for the potential widening of the inequities identified, in particular issues preventing Māori and younger people from enrolling. This study deepens our understanding of enrolment rates as an indicator for tracking equity in PHC. Other countries can learn from the Aotearoa New Zealand case to draw lessons for improving equity in health care.
A Novel Framework for Multi-Document Temporal Summarization (MDTS)
Authors: Mamidala Kishore Kumar , Sanampudi Suresh Kumar
Published: April 2021

Internet or Web consists of a massive amount of information, handling which is a tedious task. Summarization plays a crucial role in extracting or abstracting key content from multiple sources with its meaning contained, thereby reducing the complexity in handling the information. Multi-document summarization gives the gist of the content collected from multiple documents. Temporal summarization concentrates on temporally related events. This paper proposes a Multi-Document Temporal Summarization (MDTS) technique that generates the summary based on temporally related events extracted from multiple documents. This technique extracts the events with the time stamp. TIMEML standards tags are used in extracting events and times. These event-times are stored in a structured database form for easier operations. Sentence ranking methods are build based on the frequency of events occurrences in the sentence. Sentence similarity measures are computed to eliminate the redundant sentences in an extracted summary. Depending on the required summary length, top-ranked sentences are selected to form the summary. Experiments are conducted on DUC 2006 and DUC 2007 data set that was released for multi-document summarization task. The extracted summaries are evaluated using ROUGE to determine precision, recall and F measure of generated summaries. The performance of the proposed method is compared with particle swarm optimization-based algorithm (PSOS), Cat swarm optimization-based summarization (CSOS), Cuckoo Search based multi-document summarization (MDSCSA). It is found that the performance of MDTS is better when compared with other methods. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01268 Full Text: PDF
Sampling in Management Studies of Public Organizations: Elite Orientation Model vs. Multiple Informants Model
Authors: Karastathis Dimitris , Yfantidou Georgia , Kormikiari Stella , Gargalianos Dimitris , Kalafatzi Antonia
Published: April 2021

The selection of the sample in a survey constitutes a significant parameter for the research process. A disagreement of opinions is observed in the field of management between researchers regarding which sample fabricates better results in surveys administered in public organizations. Some of them support that only the senior levels of the management hierarchy should participate in (Elite Orientation Model), while others support the participation of representatives from all levels (Multiple Informants Model). A questionnaire was administered to people from the three levels of Hellenic Sport Federations (HSFs) management hierarchy (employees, directors/managers, Board members) in order to investigate their perception about the degree to which excellence processes (enablers / results) were implemented. The purpose of this paper was to investigate which is the most appropriate model, regarding the selection of participants in studies about the administration /management of public organizations. Statistically significant differences regarding their perceptions for the topic under investigation were revealed, which were directly related to their level in the hierarchy. It was concluded that in similar studies the Multiple Informants Model fabricates more reliable results. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01272 Full Text: PDF
Method for laying underground pipelines taking into account the danger of landslide processes
Authors: Насиров Хабиб Миргалиб оглы , Сулейманов Тофик Инаят оглы , Эминов Рамиз Ахмед оглы
Published: April 2021

Известная расчетная методика оценки риска воздействия оползневых процессов на подземный трубопровод позволяет вычислить количество возможных утечек и поломок, исходно приняв данный риск равным для всех равноразмерных отрезков трубопровода. Однако на практике равная степень подверженности оползневой опасности участков трубопровода является исключением. Таким образом, возникает необходимость разработки новой методики расчета, предусматривающей реальные условия проектирования и эксплуатации трубопровода. Авторами определено условие, при котором подверженность трубопровода утечкам и разрывам в результате воздействия оползневых процессов может достигать максимальных значений. Сделан вывод о том, что для обеспечения разумной низкой величины риска следует избегать выполнения полученной зависимости. При этом должны быть соблюдены следующие условия: трасса разделена на неравные отрезки, с увеличением длины отрезка пиковая скорость грунта убывает (то есть более протяженные участки трубопровода следует располагать вдали от зон возможной активности оползневых процессов).

The well-known calculation method for assessing the risk of landslide impact on an underground pipeline makes it possible to calculate the number of possible leaks and breakdowns, initially assuming an equal risk for all equally sized pipeline sections. However, in practice, equal exposure to landslide hazard of pipeline sections is an exception. Thus, there is a need to develop a new calculation method that provides for real conditions for pipeline design and operation. The authors determined the condition under which pipeline susceptibility to leaks and ruptures as a result of landslide impact can reach maximum values. It is concluded that in order to ensure a reasonably low risk value, the implementation of the resulting dependence should be avoided. In this case, the following conditions must be met: the route is divided into unequal segments, with an increase in segment length, the peak soil velocity decreases (that is, longer pipeline sections should be located away from possible landslide activity zones).