bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven Prediction of the Therapeutic Window during Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
Authors: Baumgarten Clément , Haegelen Claire , Zhao Yulong , Sauleau Paul , Jannin Pierre
Published: August 2018

Background: Moving from awake surgery under local anesthesia to asleep surgery under general anesthesia will require to precisely predict the outcome of deep brain stimulation. Objective: To propose a data-driven prediction of both the therapeutic effect and side effects of the surgery. Methods: The retrospective intraoperative data from 30 patients operated on in the subthalamic nucleus were used to train an artificial neural network to predict the deep brain stimulation outcome. A leave-one-out validation was undertaken to give a predictive performance that would reflect the performance of the predictive model in clinical practice. Three-dimensional coordinates and the amount of current of the electrodes were used to train the model. Results: 130 electrode positions were reviewed. The areas under the curve were 0.902 and 0.89 for therapeutic and side effects, respectively. The mean sensitivity and specificity were 93.07% (SD 0.95) and 69.24% (SD 5.27) for the therapeutic effect, 73.47% (SD 10.55) and 91.82% (SD 0.12) for the side effect. Conclusion: Data-driven prediction could be an additional modality to predict deep brain stimulation outcome. Further validation is needed to precisely use this method for performing surgery under general anesthesia.
A Pilot Phase II Study of Erlotinib for the Treatment of Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Abou Dalle Iman , Cortes Jorge E. , Pinnamaneni Pramod , Lamothe Betty , Diaz Duque Adolfo , Randhawa Jasleen , Pemmaraju Naveen , Jabbour Elias , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Wierda William G. , Estrov Zeev , Konopleva Marina , Ravandi Farhad , Alvarado Yesid , Borthakur Gautam , Gandhi Varsha , Kantarjian Hagop M.
Published: August 2018

Erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, may have off-target activity inducing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) differentiation, possibly through SYK inhibition. We investigated erlotinib in a pilot phase II study for efficacy in relapsed/refractory AML patients at a dose of 150 mg once daily in 28-day cycles. Twenty-nine patients were treated for a median of 29 days (range 12–142 days). Seven patients (24%) received > 1 cycle of therapy and 12 (41%) discontinued treatment before day 28 due to disease progression. One patient (3%) achieved complete remission and 2 (7%) a > 50% reduction in blasts. The most common toxicities associated with erlotinib were fatigue in 10 patients (34%), diarrhea in 10 (34%), nausea in 8 (28%), and rash in 7 (24%). Only 2 patients (7%) had study drug-related adverse events requiring dose reductions and eventual discontinuation. The main reason for treatment discontinuation was disease progression in 26 patients (90%). All patients had died by the time of the last follow-up. Progression of disease was the primary cause of death in all patients. Median overall survival was 14 weeks (range 2.3–96.9 weeks) and median event-free survival was 5 weeks (range 1.7–21.0 weeks). Erlotinib as a single agent has limited clinical efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory AML.
Acute Kidney Injury in Real Time: Prediction, Alerts, and Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Wilson F. Perry , Greenberg Jason H.
Published: August 2018

Broad adoption of electronic health record (EHR) systems has facilitated acute kidney injury (AKI) research in 2 ways. First, the detection of AKI based on changes in serum creatinine has largely replaced the sensitive but nonspecific administrative coding of AKI that predominated in earlier studies. Second, the ability to implement real-time AKI interventions such as alerts and best-practice advisories has emerged as a promising tool to fight against the harmful sequela of AKI, which include short-term adverse outcomes as well as progression to chronic kidney disease, dialysis, and death. In this review, we discuss the current state-of-the-art in EHR-based tools to predict imminent AKI, alert to the presence of AKI, and modify provider behaviors in the presence of AKI.
HDAC1 Silencing in Ovarian Cancer Enhances the Chemotherapy Response
Authors: Liu Xinfeng , Yu Ying , Zhang Jinna , Lu Caixia , Wang Liming , Liu Ping , Song Hao
Published: August 2018

Background/Aims: Cisplatin-based treatment is first-line chemotherapy for several cancers including ovarian cancer. The development of cisplatin resistance results in treatment failure, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a large family of enzymes that deacetylate lysine residues on histones and non-histone proteins. High expression of HDAC1 is associated with poor outcomes in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is associated with HDAC1 overexpression in ovarian cancer cells. The goals of this study were to determine whether targeting HDAC1 can sensitize ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-targeting HDAC1 was designed to silence HDAC1 in the cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line A2780CDDP and its cisplatin-sensitive cell line A2780. The effects of targeting HDAC1 on cell viability assay, colony formation, and apoptosis were detected. c-Myc re-expression or miR-34a inhibitors were used to examine the relationship among HDAC1, c-Myc, and miR-34a expression, which was assessed by western blot analysis and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. We established stable transfectants of A2780CDDP/HDAC1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and A2780/HDAC1 shRNA. The therapeutic effectiveness of cisplatin in murine xenograft models was assessed following shRNA-mediated HDAC1 silencing in A2780CDDP and A2780 cells. The mechanism of cell death was studied in tumor sections obtained from different mouse tumors. Results: In cisplatin-resistant A2780CDDP cells, HDAC1 knockdown by siRNA suppressed cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis and chemosensitivity by downregulating c-Myc and upregulating miR-34a. In cisplatin-sensitive A2780 cells, HDAC1 knockdown did not affect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cisplatin treatment activated HDAC1 and c-Myc and inactivated miR-34a. Inhibition of HDAC1 with siRNA reduced c-Myc expression, increased miR-34a expression, and sensitized A2780 cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. c-Myc re-expression or miR-34a targeting by miR-34a inhibitors protected cells from apoptosis or reversed cisplatin resistance following HDAC1 knockdown or/and cisplatin exposure. Finally, in vivo studies showed that targeting HDAC1 inhibited A2780CDDP-induced xenograft tumor growth but not A2780-induced xenograft tumor growth. Targeting HDAC1 sensitized both A2780- and A2780CDDP-induced xenograft tumors to cisplatin treatment. Conclusions: Upregulation of HDAC1 is a crucial event in the development of drug resistance to current treatments in ovarian cancer. Thus, targeting HDAC1 by enhancing c-Myc-dependent miR-34a expression might be an effective strategy for increasing the efficacy of cisplatin treatment.
The Fossilized Meaning of Chreia as Anecdote
Authors: Searby Denis Michael
Published: August 2018

The Hellenistic and early Imperial evidence of χρεία (chreia) in the sense of anecdote is summarized with the aim of completeness. The special rhetorical sense of this common Greek word is discussed, and a new explanation of the semantic derivation is offered: it is suggested that the sense of anecdote derives from the earlier sense of dealings rather than utility. The proposal that Metrocles or the Cynics invented the micro-genre of chreiai is strongly criticized. It is to the Socratics more generally we should look for its origins, if the genre must be supposed to have originated among philosophers, which is not certain.
The One and the Many
Authors: Woznicki Christopher
Published: August 2018

What metaphysical account of human nature best makes sense of T.F. Torrance’s doctrine of atonement? Here I argue that the account that best makes sense of Torrance’s doctrine of atonement is one in which Christ instantiates an abstract universal human nature and the rest of humanity participates in an abstract universal human nature. In defending this thesis, I examine Torrance’s doctrine of atonement and his use of the anhypostasia–enhypostasia distinction. I conclude by defending the significance of the an-enhypostasia distinction for abstract universal theories of Christ’s human nature.
Rapid-Scan Radar Observations of an Oklahoma Tornadic Hailstorm Producing Giant Hail
Authors: Witt Arthur , Burgess Donald W. , Seimon Anton , Allen John T. , Snyder Jeffrey C. , Bluestein Howard B.
Published: August 2018

Rapid-scan radar observations of a supercell that produced near-record size hail in Oklahoma are examined. Data from the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar (PAR) in Norman, Oklahoma, are used to study the overall character and evolution of the storm. Data from the nearby polarimetric KOUN WSR-88D and rapid-scanning X-band polarimetric (RaXPol) mobile radar are used to study the evolution of low- to midaltitude dual-polarization parameters above two locations where giant hailstones up to 16 cm in diameter were observed. The PAR observation of the supercell’s maximum storm-top divergent outflow is similar to the strongest previously documented value. The storm’s mesocyclone rotational velocity at midaltitudes reached a maximum that is more than double the median value for similar observations from other storms producing giant hail. For the two storm-relative areas where giant hail was observed, noteworthy findings include 1) the giant hail occurred outside the main precipitation core, in areas with low-altitude reflectivities of 40–50 dBZ; 2) the giant hail was associated with dual-polarization signatures consistent with past observations of large hail at 10-cm wavelength, namely, low ZDR, low ρHV, and low KDP; 3) the giant hail fell along both the northeast and southwest edges of the primary updraft at ranges of 6–10 km from the updraft center; and 4) with the exception of one isolated report, the giant hail fell to the northeast and northwest of the large tornado and the parent mesocyclone.
Examining the Goals of the Regional Climate Outlook Forums: What Role for User Engagement?
Authors: Daly Meaghan , Dessai Suraje
Published: August 2018

Over the last 20 years, Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs) have brought together scientific experts and stakeholders to produce regional-scale climate information products for society. This article examines the goals and practices of RCOFs, with a focus on user engagement, in order to draw out practical lessons for future implementation of RCOFs. Analysis of literature and documents (n = 72), interviews with key informants (n = 25), and participant observation were used in this research. Results show that approaches to user engagement in the RCOFs vary significantly from region to region and have been shaped by differences in the priority placed on user engagement relative to the other goals of the RCOFs, the role of RCOFs in the broader climate services delivery chain, the landscapes of potential users and institutions, and views about what the role of users can and should be. Findings indicate that approaches to user engagement necessarily reflect the regional context. This research suggests that more reflexivity about the current framing of RCOF goals is needed, including how users can and should be involved within RCOFs and how the benefits and value of RCOFs are conceptualized, assessed, and communicated in the future.
Agents never become stewards: explaining the lack of innovation in public–private partnerships
Authors: Parrado Salvador , Reynaers Anne-Marie
Published: August 2018

Design–Build–Finance–Maintain–Operate contracts, as a specific public–private partnership, supposedly provide opportunities for innovation due to the long-term perspective, the use of output specifications and the collaborative environment. The literature suggests that the dynamics between procurers and consortia influence the actual contribution of these conditions to innovative practices. We therefore assess in three cases in the Netherlands and Spain how and to what extent the relationship between procurers and consortia affect these three conditions and therewith the possibilities for realising innovation and for capturing economic and social value. Findings show that the potential of Design–Build–Finance–Maintain–Operate contracts for innovation is hampered because procurers and consortia behave like principals and agents who distrust each other and who let short-term self-interested goals prevail over long-term pro-organisational goals. The cases have shown that the limited realisation of innovation and less-than-expected value generation seem to be due to the absence of a clear scheme that allows for capturing value.

Points for practitioners

• Potential innovation in Design–Build–Finance–Maintain–Operate contracts is restricted to the building of the infrastructure and the early operational phases of the contract because renegotiation clauses are normally too rigid. •   An adequate system to work out financial risks that create economic value for the contractor are needed to produce social value through innovation. • The contract needs to work out a ‘binding’ collaboration scheme among the consortium members to reap the benefits of innovation.
“Translated from the dead”: The legibility of violence in Ivan Vladislavić’s 101 Detectives
Authors: Manià Kirby
Published: August 2018

In light of the contemporary popularity of crime fiction, true crime, and crime television, avid consumers of these kinds of narratives like to think of themselves as amateur detectives — schooled in the discourse of observation and deduction. Readers of crime fiction become accustomed to a kind of formula, comforted in the knowledge that the mystery will be resolved and the perpetrator apprehended. However, this article investigates how a number of stories in Ivan Vladislavić’s 101 Detectives challenge the conventions of legibility in representing crime in post-apartheid South Africa. The mediations of language, reading, and writing as modes of detection are shown in these short stories to come up short. Instead, and through the stylistic and formalistic frame provided by the anti-detective genre, acts of detection are defeated, closure is deferred, and order is not restored. Writing crime and violence reveals a matrix of structural violences in the postcolony, experiences that cannot be “translated from the dead”. The article argues that while violence and crime are not unrepresentable per se, the degree to which they can be “managed” or “contained” by language or fiction is limited.
Residual properties of composite plates subjected to impact fatigue
Authors: Mouhoubi Said , Azouaoui Krimo
Published: August 2018

This work deals with post-impact residual mechanical behavior of composite plates made with glass fiber cloth and two different thermosetting resins (epoxy and polyester). It is well known that damages induced by multiple impacts greatly reduce the residual properties. How are the residual strength or stiffness affected by the impacts? How does impact energy and number of impacts contribute to the degradation of mechanical properties? What kind of supports induces more damages and consequently a larger reduction in residual properties? These are some questions that we attempt to clarify in this paper. To investigate and assess the effect of the energy level and number of impacts on the total induced damage and residual properties, impact fatigue tests were carried out at selected energy range of: 3 J, 4 J, 5 J, and 6 J. Then, coupons containing the damaged area are cut out, in order to estimate the tensile, compressive, and shear residual properties, particularly residual strength. The energy level and number of impacts are major factors influencing the loss of stiffness and strength. However, stiffness is more affected than strength by the repeated impacts. A clear decrease of compressive residual strength with the number of impacts for the two fixture conditions (clamped on two opposite sides and a circular clamp) is demonstrated. The drop in the case of the circular clamping is more visible, confirming a greater extent of damages. A three-parameter damage model is proposed and applied, with some conclusions are withdrawn in this investigation.
Early Caries in an In Vivo Model: Structural and Nanomechanical Characterization
Authors: Yucesoy D.T. , Fong H. , Gresswell C. , Saadat S. , Chung W.O. , Dogan S. , Sarikaya M.
Published: August 2018

The utilization of rat models in cariology research has made substantial contributions to decipher mechanisms of caries formation and to develop preventive treatments. The existing rat models still have potential for improvement toward establishing a more accurate standard caries protocol to utilize in testing and/or developing new dental technologies. The current caries-scoring methods rely on optical microscopy–based techniques, which necessitates formation of highly advanced lesions. Moreover, models that facilitate the implementation of cariogenic bacteria by shifting the balance of oral flora through desalivation and/or antibiotic treatment create a nonnatural environment. Furthermore, there is a paucity of detailed structural and mechanical characterization on the resulting carious lesions. The purpose of this study was to develop a rat model that induces formation of mild carious lesions and to provide comprehensive structural and mechanical characterization. With this aim in mind, an in vivo model promoting progression of mild lesions was established with specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats. Cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, was implemented into the oral flora without the use of antibiotics or desalivation surgery. During caries formation, progression of the infection was monitored by quantifying the relative abundance of S. mutans in oral flora with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A significant increase in colonization efficacy of S. mutans was detected during cariogenic challenge ( P < 0.01). The resulting carious lesions were analyzed by conventional light optical and scanning electron microscopy. A detailed structural and morphological characterization on fissure caries with different degrees of severity was provided. The changes in the morphology and demineralization state of the sound and carious tissues were quantified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and local mechanical properties were acquired with nanoindentation. The principles laid out in this work can be utilized in cariology research and developed into a standard protocol for future studies.
Social Networks and Health in a Prison Unit
Authors: Haynie Dana L. , Whichard Corey , Kreager Derek A. , Schaefer David R. , Wakefield Sara
Published: August 2018

Although a growing body of research documents lasting health consequences of incarceration, little is known about how confinement affects inmates’ health while incarcerated. In this study, we examine the role of peer social integration and prisoners’ self-reported health behaviors (smoking, exercise, perception of health, and depression) in a prison unit. We also consider whether inmates with similar health characteristics cluster within the unit. Drawing on a sample of 132 inmates in a “good behavior” unit, we leverage social network data to ask: In prison, is it healthier to become friends with other prisoners or keep your head down and “do your own time”? Using exponential random graph models and community detection methods, findings indicate that social integration is associated with better health outcomes. However, race-ethnicity, religious identity, and exercise intensity emerge as key factors sorting inmates into social groups and likely shaping the distribution of health behaviors observed in the unit.
It’s Bigger Than Hip-Hop: Estimating the Impact of a Culturally Responsive Classroom Intervention on Student Outcomes
Authors: Cherfas Lina , Casciano Rebecca , Wiggins Michael Anthony
Published: August 2018

Despite growing interest in culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP), little research has examined its effect on student performance. In this article, we place CRP in a sociohistorical context and document how one intervention, Fresh Prep, draws on CRP to engage and instruct high school students identified as high risk for not graduating. Using a quasi-experimental matching methodology, we examine whether the program improves academic performance. We find Fresh Prep students have higher scores and pass rates on state English Language Arts and history exams than students in a matched comparison group, as well as retakers attending the same schools before its introduction.
More Than Just Class: School Mobility Among Black Children in the Great Recession
Authors: Mordechay Kfir
Published: August 2018

The United States experienced the Great Recession between 2007 and 2009 and many cities, suburbs, and communities are still suffering from its legacy. Yet, little is known about whether or not the crisis led to increases in student mobility, particularly for minority households. This study analyzed data from a large urban district located in San Bernardino, California, to examine the interplay of school mobility and race and class during the economic downturn. Using a logit model, findings show that race and class together interacted in ways that made Black students particularly vulnerable to school changes. Research and policy implications are discussed.
Does Sun-and-Sea All-Inclusive Tourism Contribute to Poverty Alleviation and/or Income Inequality Reduction? The Case of the Dominican Republic
Authors: Oviedo-García M. Ángeles , González-Rodríguez M. Rosario , Vega-Vázquez Manuela
Published: August 2018

Tourism represents one of the most important industries in the world and one of the sectors of fastest growth. An understanding of the relation between tourism and poverty is key for poverty reduction in developing countries. The impact of tourism on the reduction of both poverty and inequality in income distribution is analyzed in this paper in the Dominican Republic (within the Caribbean Community of Small Island Developing States). The Ng and Perron test for analyzing time series stationarity and the AutoRegressive Distributed Lag bounds test were used to determine the existence of long-term relationships. The short-run dynamic models represented by the Error Correction Models were also estimated. The results showed that income from tourism has not alleviated poverty and has clearly failed to reduce inequality in the distribution of wealth. Finally, management implications are also provided for public and private bodies wishing to achieve sustainable tourism.
A Note on a Reformulation of the KHB Method
Authors: Breen Richard , Bernt Karlson Kristian , Holm Anders
Published: August 2018

The Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) method has rapidly become popular as a way of separating the impact of confounding from rescaling when comparing conditional and unconditional parameter estimates in nonlinear probability models such as the logit and probit. In this note, we show that the same estimates can be obtained in a somewhat different way to that advanced by Karlson, Holm, and Breen in their original article and implemented in the user-written Stata command khb. While the KHB method and this revised KHB method both work by holding constant the residual variance of the model, the revised method makes comparisons across multiple nested models easier than the original method.
Supporting families managing parental mental illness: Challenges and resources
Authors: Sherman Michelle D , Hooker Stephanie A
Published: August 2018

Over five million children in the United States have a parent living with a serious mental illness. These offspring are at higher risk for developing mental health problems themselves due to a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and psychosocial factors. Life with a parent with psychiatric symptoms can be scary, confusing, overwhelming, and sad; children often blame themselves for their parent’s problems, find their parent’s behavior embarrassing, and struggle to explain the illness to their friends. Unfortunately, these children’s needs and experiences are often ignored by overwhelmed parents, worried family members and relatives, separate mental health systems of care for adults and children that often fail to coordinate care, and even well-intentioned health-care providers. Family medicine teams have an opportunity to detect and support these families in unique ways. We offer four recommendations for family medicine teams to help families managing parental mental illness including assessing functioning, treatment needs, and impacts on each family member; educating all family members about mental illness; instilling hope, noting the range of effective treatments for mental illness; and encouraging the use of supports and referral options. Providers can leverage family members’ strengths, work with community-based resources, and offer continuity to these families, as they struggle with an oftentimes chronic, relapsing disease that has ripple effects throughout the family system.
The leadership component of Kelly’s mobilisation theory: Contribution, tensions, limitations and further development
Authors: Darlington Ralph
Published: August 2018

This reassessment of Kelly’s analysis of the relationship of activist leadership to collective action within the overall jigsaw of mobilisation theory draws on social movement literature, studies by industrial relations scholars utilising aspects of Kelly’s approach – including this author’s own work – and related research on union leadership within collective mobilisation. In the process, it identifies and celebrates how Kelly’s work, whilst contributing a distinct and substantive actor-related approach, recognised that leadership is one ingredient amongst other factors, including important structural opportunities and constraints. It considers three potential ambiguities/tensions within Kelly’s conceptualisation of leadership related to the social construction of workers’ interests, spontaneity of workers’ action and the ‘leader/follower’ interplay. The review also identifies two important limitations, related to the union member/bureaucracy dynamic and the role of left-wing political leadership, and concludes by signalling different forms of leadership relationships on which further refinement and development would be fruitful.
The (re)organisation of conflict at work: Mobilisation, counter-mobilisation and the displacement of grievance expressions
Authors: Kirk Eleanor
Published: August 2018

The article provides a conceptual critique of Kelly’s mobilisation theory in terms of its analytical reach into debates regarding alternative forms of dispute, in order to develop more satisfactory ways to evaluate the meaning and significance of various acts of opposition in the contemporary workplace. Rethinking Industrial Relations reinvigorated its field, stimulating optimism, theoretical rigour and renewed faith in radical perspectives. However, most subsequent work has focused upon its implications for trade union organising and specific moments of collective mobilisation. Less well appreciated is the way in which mobilisation theory provides a theoretical foundation upon which to build a more expansive and detailed account of grievance formation within alternative trajectories of worker opposition in the context of state and employer counter-mobilisation.
A cluster randomised controlled trial of a sugar-sweetened beverage intervention in secondary schools: Pilot study protocol
Authors: Ooi Jia Ying , Sutherland Rachel , Nathan Nicole , Yoong Sze Lin , Janssen Lisa , Wrigley Jessica , Wolfenden Luke
Published: August 2018

Background:

Due to the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, reducing childhood overweight and obesity rates is a public-health priority. A significant source of excess sugar and energy in children’s diets comes from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), with adolescents having the highest intake of all age groups. However, existing interventions targeting SSB intake in adolescents have multiple limitations. Schools have proven to be an appropriate setting for improving student health.

Aim:

To assess the effectiveness of a school-based SSB intervention in reducing daily SSB consumption and daily percentage energy from SSBs of secondary-school students.

Methods:

A pilot study ( switchURsip) was designed based on the Health Promoting Schools framework components. A convenience sample of schools in New South Wales, Australia will be used to recruit six schools (three intervention; three control). The study incorporates strategies that focus on factors associated with SSB intake in adolescents. These strategies include: lesson plans on SSB; communication with students and parents; school challenge to build peer support; and school nutrition environment modifications. Support strategies to facilitate implementation are executive leadership and school committees, auditing and feedback, providing resources, staff professional learning and communication and marketing.

Conclusion:

The high intake of SSB in adolescents has been consistently linked to having overweight and obesity, hence, interventions in this area should be prioritised. This pilot study intends to address identified evidence gaps by piloting the first intervention in Australia of its kind to reduce SSB intake in adolescents.
Ambivalent Facebook users: Anxious attachment style and goal cognition
Authors: Chang Chingching
Published: August 2018

Drawing on attachment theory, this study shows that people with greater anxious attachment use Facebook (FB) to maintain their social relationships but feel ambivalent in the process. Integrating attachment theory and goal cognition theory, this study explicates the psychological process that drives anxious people’s pursuit of social goals though their FB use. Specifically, it identifies two social goals that motivate anxious people’s FB use (to belong and to be well-liked) and explores the psychological process that underlies their goal pursuit. Four specific elements of goal cognition function in the pursuit of these goals: A motive to belong/to be well-liked (directive function) triggers social vigilance/self-vigilance on FB (regulatory function), leading to a fear of being excluded/social jealousy (control function) and then quiescent–agitated/happy–dejected ambivalent feelings (arousal function).
Simultaneous self-calibration and navigation using trajectory optimization
Authors: Preiss James A , Hausman Karol , Sukhatme Gaurav S , Weiss Stephan
Published: August 2018

We describe a trajectory optimization framework that maximizes observability of one or more user-chosen states in a nonlinear system. Our framework is based on a novel metric for quality of observability that is state-estimator agnostic and offers improved numerical stability over prior methods in some cases where the states of interest do not appear directly in the observation. We apply this metric to trajectory optimization problems for closed-loop self-calibration, maintaining observability while navigating through an environment, and rapidly modifying an already-planned trajectory for online recalibration. We include a statistical procedure to balance observability of several states with heterogeneous units and magnitudes. As an example, we apply our framework to online calibration of GPS–IMU and visual–inertial navigation systems on a quadrotor helicopter. Extensive simulations and a real-robot experiment demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework, showing better convergence of the states and the resulting higher precision in navigation.
Behavioral Indicators of Drug Carrying in Open Spaces
Authors: Meehan Nathan , McClary Michael , Garinther Alexander
Published: August 2018

This article identifies and describes a set of behavioral indicators associated with illegal drug carrying in public spaces. Through the use of focus group data, our research documents and translates the visual search techniques that veteran law enforcement and drugs experts report using in their work. Here, we catalogue these findings into 10 overarching categories, and discuss how each indicator may be incorporated into an officer’s visual search. Knowledge of these indicators, when combined with proper training and an understanding of a public space, can help law enforcement identify persons who may be carrying drugs. The ability to identify drug-carrying individuals facilitates the interdiction and apprehension of offenders, and also protects the civil rights and liberties of the law-abiding public.
‘There are still songs to sing beyond mankind’: Sounds of a troubled world = songs for serenity
Authors: Šebjanič Robertina
Published: August 2018

Robertina Šebjanič, a Ljubljana artist, describes in this text her research-based artworks dealing with cultural, (bio)political and ecological realities of human imprint on aquatic environments and its consequences and challenges. Based on Paul Celan’s quotation: ‘there are still songs to sing beyond mankind’, the author propose in this article to explore an odyssey of interspecies communication, a way of discovering parameters to restore a deep relationship within all of life and a key to better understanding of the earth’s environment. The Aurelia 1+Hz project is divided in two parts: the performance Aurelia 1+Hz / proto viva sonification looks into a new critical redefinition of social values and new attitude towards cohabitation of interspecies, while the installation Aurelia 1+Hz / proto viva generator deals with the biopolicy of prolonging life. In the project Aquatocene, the artist investigates the phenomenon of underwater noise pollution created by humankind in the seas and oceans. It encourages rethinking the human impact on the (under)water habitats.
The Resulting Variation in Nutrient Intake With the Inclusion of Walnuts in the Diets of Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial
Authors: Njike Valentine Y. , Costales Victoria C. , Petraro Paul , Annam Rachel , Yarandi Niloufarsadat , Katz David L.
Published: August 2018

Purpose:

We previously demonstrated that including walnuts in the diets of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to improved overall diet quality. This report examines the specific changes in their nutrient intake.

Design:

This was a randomized, controlled, modified Latin square parallel design trial with 2 treatment arms. Participants were randomized to walnut intake with, or without, dietary advice to regulate caloric intake. Within each treatment arm, they were further randomized to one of 2 sequence permutations (walnut-included/walnut-excluded or walnut-excluded/walnut-included diet), with a 3-month washout between treatment phases.

Setting:

Community hospital in Lower Naugatuck Valley in Connecticut.

Participants:

Cohort of 112 participants (31 men and 81 women) at risk for T2DM.

Intervention:

Participants included 56 g (366 kcal) of walnuts in their daily diets for 6 months.

Measures:

Nutrient intake was assessed using web-based Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment.

Analysis:

Data were analyzed using generalized linear models.

Results:

Walnut inclusion led to increased intake of total fat, calcium, magnesium, thiamin, total saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (379.0 ± 90.3 g vs −136.5 ± 92.7 g, P < .01; 230.7 ± 114.2 mg vs −95.2 ± 117.4 mg, P = .05; 111.0 ± 33.9 mg vs −32.3 ± 34.9 mg, P < .01; 0.28 ± 0.2 mg vs −0.47 ± 0.2 mg, P = .02; 8.6 ± 3.4 g vs −1.1 ± 3.5 g, P =.05; 6.3 ± 3.9 g vs −6.3 ± 4.0 g, P = .03; and 25.4 ± 4.0 vs −6.6 ± 4.2 g, P < .01, respectively). Vitamin C intake decreased (−65.3 ± 55.3 mg vs 98.9 ± 56.8 mg, P = .04). Protein intake increased from baseline with the inclusion of walnuts (20.0 ± 8.8 g, P < .05). Walnut inclusion led to an increase in total calories consumed when caloric intake is not regulated.

Conclusion:

Including walnuts in the diets of these adults led to increased dietary intake of some nutrients associated with lower risk of developing T2DM and other cardiometabolic risk factors.
Big Data and the Illusion of Choice: Comparing the Evolution of India’s Aadhaar and China’s Social Credit System as Technosocial Discourses
Authors: Shahin Saif , Zheng Pei
Published: August 2018

India and China have launched enormous projects aimed at collecting vital personal information regarding their billion-plus populations and building the world’s biggest data sets in the process. However, both Aadhaar in India and the Social Credit System in China are controversial and raise a plethora of political and ethical concerns. The governments claim that participation in these projects is voluntary, even as they link vital services to citizens registering with these projects. In this study, we analyze how the news media in India and China—crucial data intermediaries that shape public perceptions on data and technological practices—framed these projects since their inception. Topic modeling suggests news coverage in both nations disregards the public interest and focuses largely on how businesses can benefit from them. The media, institutionally and ideologically linked with governments and corporations, show little concern with violations of privacy and mass surveillance that these projects could lead to. We argue that this renders citizens structurally incapable of making a meaningful “choice” about whether or not to participate in such projects. Implications for various stakeholders are discussed.
Does Stakeholder Engagement Pay Off on Social Media? A Social Capital Perspective
Authors: Xu Weiai (Wayne) , Saxton Gregory D.
Published: August 2018

Nonprofits use social media to pursue a broad range of mission-related outcomes. Given the centrality of user connections and social networks on these sites, attaining these outcomes is contingent on first generating a stock of online social capital through investing in online relationships. Yet, little is known empirically about this process. To better understand the return on social media, this study develops empirical measures of four key dimensions of social media–based social capital centering on the nature of nonprofits’ network positions and stakeholder ties. The study then tests a series of hypotheses relating the increase in social capital to different types of stakeholder engagement tactics. Using Twitter data on 198 community foundations, the study finds that content with multiple communication cues and intersectoral stakeholder targeting predict higher levels of social capital; communicative and stakeholder diversity, thus, appear to play a key role in the successful organizational use of social media.
Effects of the variable valve lift difference on in-cylinder gas flow in a four-valve gasoline engine
Authors: Zhang Shiqiang , Li Chunshu , Liu Ruilin , Bao Jingyang , Chi Miao
Published: August 2018

The in-cylinder gas flow is an important factor that affects the engine performance. The appropriate swirl can reduce cycle-to-cycle variations, increase flame propagation speed, and improve the combustion efficiency. Many technologies can induce significant swirl, but lead to intake flow loss. In this research work, the variable valve lift difference adjustment mechanism is developed to obtain and adjust in-cylinder swirl without weakening flow capacity in a four-valve gasoline engine. The in-cylinder swirl and tumble characteristics generated by the variable valve lift difference adjustment mechanism are studied by means of experiment and simulation. The results of the experiment and simulation show the intensity of tumble and swirl under the larger lift valve is increased with the increase in the phase difference between two intake cams at same camshaft angle, and a large-scale swirl is formed in the cylinder when the camshaft angles change from 40° to 80°, and another large scale swirl is formed during the camshaft angles change from 100° to 140°, but the rotating direction of the secondary swirl is inverse to that of first swirl. The scale and shape of the in-cylinder tumble and swirl are not changed significantly with the increase in the phase difference between two intake cams when the camshaft angles change from 80° to 100°. A brief discussion on the research results that improve the performance of actual gasoline engine is given.
Laplace-type integral transform for time-varying periodic repetitive controller design
Authors: Yao Wu-Sung , Hsueh Po-Wen
Published: August 2018

In this article, Laplace-type integral transformation is introduced to construct the recursive algorithm of the repetitive controller to regulate time-varying periodic signal. A theoretical analysis of Laplace-type integral transformation operator is adopted for time-varying repetitive controller design, where the stability and performance of the proposed repetitive control system are addressed. The implementation of the repetitive control strategy is investigated by a simulated example of the cycle ergometer. Results are given to illustrate that the proposed method is effectively used to analysis repetitive control system for the time-varying periodic signal regulation.
The collapse of the North Song dynasty and the AD 1048–1128 Yellow River floods: Geoarchaeological evidence from northern Henan Province, China
Authors: Storozum Michael J , Zhen Qin , Xiaolin Ren , Haiming Li , Yifu Cui , Kui Fu , Haiwang Liu
Published: August 2018

From AD 1048 to 1128, Yellow River flooding killed over a million people, left many more homeless and destitute, and turned parts of the once fertile North China Plain into a silted-up agricultural wasteland. Brought on in part by climate change and the Northern Song dynasty’s (AD 960–1127) mismanagement of the environment, the Yellow River floods likely hastened the collapse of the Northern Song dynasty. Despite the magnitude of this flood event, no sedimentary deposits have yet been linked to these historically recorded floods. In this research paper, we provide archaeological, sedimentary, and radiocarbon evidence of the AD 1048–1128 Yellow River floods at the Dazhanglongcun, Xidacheng, and Daguxiancun sites in Neihuang County, Henan Province. Based on our data, we argue that the AD 1048–1128 Yellow River floods deposited over 5 m of alluvium on villages in the North China Plain, radically changing both the physical and political landscape of Northern Song dynasty China.
Researching multiple publics through latent profile analysis: Similarities and differences in science and technology attitudes in China, Japan, South Korea and the United States
Authors: Pullman Ashley , Chen Michelle Y. , Zou Danjie , Hives Benjamin A. , Liu Yan
Published: August 2018

How science and technology attitudes vary across the United States, China, South Korea and Japan – all of which top Bloomberg’s list of high-tech centralization – is explored through data from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey (2010–2014). The following study examines the presence of different types of attitudinal groups using latent profile analysis. Not only do unique attitudinal groups exist in each country, but each group is uniquely influenced by select demographic characteristics, including education, age, gender, religiosity, employment status and individual interaction with technology. The findings provide insight into public attitudes towards science and technology across social and cultural contexts and generate nuanced understandings of similar and different attitudinal groups in East Asia and the United States.
How to Get Happiness Within Work–Family Conflict? An Integrative Model of Subjective Well-Being Among Young Faculty Members in Universities of Mainland China
Authors: Zhang Qing-Peng , Xu Huanu , Fu Yan
Published: August 2018

Subjective well-being (SWB) is an indicator for the resistance of crisis situations and the promotion of employees’ life quality. In the present research, we examined a moderated mediation model of SWB among 197 young teachers (faculty members) who were working in different universities of mainland China. The results suggested that the slow strategy of life history (slow-LHS) mediates the positive relationship between family involvement (FI) and SWB. Slow-LHS also mediated the relationship between SWB and the interaction of FI × Ability to Focus on Work (AFW). Moreover, AFW moderates the simple mediation model of FI → slow -LHS → SWB. Compared with the high level (+1 SD) of AFW, such a model is more likely to be significant on the medium (0 SD) and low level (−1 SD) of AFW. Therefore, the predictive effect of FI on SWB through the mediation role of slow-LHS can be seen as a compensation mechanism for faculty members of university who are pursuing for well-being but cannot purely focus on the core contents of their work affairs. The implications of these results are discussed.
The Cleft Multidisciplinary Collaborative: Establishing a Network to Support Cleft Lip and Palate Research in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sainsbury David C. G. , Davies Amy , Wren Yvonne , Southby Lucy , Chadha Ambika , Slator Rona , Stock Nicola Marie ,   The Cleft Multidisciplinary Collaborative
Published: August 2018

Background:

As a growing paradigm of health research, trainee collaboratives can influence clinical practice through the generation of cost-effective multicenter audit and research projects. The aims of the present article are to outline and discuss the establishment of a multidisciplinary collaborative in the context of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P).

Methods:

The Cleft Multidisciplinary Collaborative (CMC) was formed in April 2016 under the overarching supervision of the National Institute for Health Research. Membership of the CMC is open to all members of the CL/P multidisciplinary team, who are encouraged to submit ideas for new research projects that will benefit clinical practice.

Results:

To date, 48 clinical participants are involved in the CMC. These participants represent all 17 cleft teams from the United Kingdom and encompass a wide range of disciplines. The CMC has undertaken 2 major projects so far. The first involved collection of phenotype data to support a national cohort study. The second, still in progress, is a systematic review investigating factors associated with outcomes for velopharyngeal competence following cleft palate repair.

Conclusions:

The concept of a multidisciplinary collaborative in CL/P has been demonstrated through the generation of a United Kingdom-wide network of committed clinicians and researchers and the effective undertaking of 2 large research projects. As the CMC gathers momentum, it hopes to attract funding to support its activities, to promote more involvement from the allied health and nursing professions, to encourage a more ingrained research culture within the CL/P community, and to promote the wider ambition of a global collaborative.