bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O "Grande Irmão" e a empresa: indústria cultural, reality shows e espetáculos organizacionais
Authors: Castelo Marcos Goulart , Carvalho José Luis Felício dos Santos de
Published: July 2012

A motivação para este ensaio relaciona-se à busca de uma via mais direta de comunicação entre pesquisadores descontentes e participantes organizacionais pouco identificados com leituras críticas e mais interessados em render homenagem a certos produtos da indústria cultural. O objetivo do texto é revelar pontos de tangência entre programas de reality show e organizações produtivas, movimento para o qual se convida outros acadêmicos igualmente inconformados com a recorrente dificuldade de estabelecer um diálogo crítico entre teóricos e praticantes. Inicialmente, o texto discute cultura de massa, reality shows e empresas como produtos e produtores de uma representação social focada no espetáculo e na hiper-realidade, para depois ilustrar sua argumentação por meio do desenvolvimento de três facetas do problema: seleção de participantes, jogos de poder e manipulação de comportamentos. Nesse contexto, a posição de acadêmicos como meros espectadores não parece condizente com os desafios enfrentados pelos jogadores/participantes/atores dos programas e das organizações.
Consumo sustentável: limites e possibilidades de ambientalização e politização das práticas de consumo
Authors: Portilho Fátima
Published: July 2012

O crescimento da percepção social do impacto ambiental do consumo e o surgimento de novas estratégias de política ambiental centradas na esfera do consumo são explicados através de um "deslocamento" discursivo da definição da crise ambiental. O presente trabalho analisa as promessas e armadilhas da estratégia de consumo verde e os limites e as possibilidades de mudar os atuais padrões de consumo através da estratégia política do consumo sustentável. O trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a seguinte questão: que possibilidades de fortalecer ou inibir a participação na esfera pública emergem com o deslocamento das políticas ambientais para a esfera do consumo? Ao contrário de reafirmar a alienação, a manipulação e a heteronomia dos consumidores ou, apressadamente, enfatizar seu poder e sua liberdade de escolha, optamos por enfatizar uma vertente do diálogo da teoria social contemporânea que concebe a possibilidade de novas formas de ação política a partir da articulação das esferas pública e privada. Uma vez que as atividades de consumo operam na interseção entre vida pública e privada, o debate sobre meio ambiente e consumo pode envolver questões de ambas as esferas, recuperando as pontes entre elas.
Gestão e licenciamento ambiental no Brasil: modelo de gestão focado na qualidade do meio ambiente
Authors: Padula Roberto Carrilho , Silva Luciene Pimentel da
Published: July 2012

Com base na legislação ambiental, especialmente na Constituição Federal e nas Leis nº 6.938/81 e nº 9.433/97, este artigo aborda o gerenciamento ambiental no Brasil, particularmente quanto ao licenciamento ambiental e ao controle de atividades potencialmente poluidoras, propondo, a partir daí, um modelo de gestão ambiental centrado na qualidade ambiental. Por mais de 20 anos, o licenciamento ambiental vem sendo constantemente aperfeiçoado sem que tenham sido alteradas suas bases: o atendimento aos padrões de lançamento de efluentes e a manutenção de um mínimo de qualidade das águas do corpo receptor. Além de manter o foco na qualidade ambiental, o modelo de gestão aqui sugerido busca integrar os procedimentos para a obtenção do licenciamento ambiental com os da outorga de direito do uso das águas, ampliando as possibilidades de se aplicarem instrumentos econômicos na gestão ambiental. Este artigo relata ainda a aplicação desse modelo, em caráter experimental, na implantação de uma indústria. Para isso, toma como exemplo um estudo de caso na bacia hidrográfica da baía da Ilha Grande, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. A principal dificuldade para sua aplicação foi a falta de dados mais precisos quanto às condições ambientais da região.
O papel dos fatores políticos na internacionalização de empresas: o caso da Energias de Portugal (EDP) no Brasil
Authors: Fernandes Carla Madalena Alves , Bandeira-de-Mello Rodrigo , Zanni Pedro Pinto
Published: July 2012

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o papel dos fatores políticos e sua relação com os fatores mercadológicos no processo de internacionalização de empresas multinacionais. Este estudo de caso processual permite que a dinâmica do fenômeno seja analisada em três níveis: o ambiente nacional, setorial e organizacional. É realizada uma revisão teórica sobre a empresa multinacional e sobre o papel dos fatores políticos. Posteriormente, é descrito e analisado o processo de internacionalização de uma empresa portuguesa de capitais públicos, a - Energias de Portugal (EDP). Conclui-se que a posse de capacidades e recursos técnicos e de know-how para a entrada e consolidação da empresa no Brasil foram condições necessárias, mas não suficientes para viabilizar o processo de internacionalização da EDP no Brasil; e que a história da EDP no Brasil representa o caso de uma empresa oriunda de um país com estabilidade institucional que desenvolveu novas capacidades para lidar com o ambiente político e mitigar o risco.
O ensino de biossegurança em cursos técnicos em análises clínicas
Authors: Piccoli Andrezza , Wermelinger Mônica , Amâncio Filho Antenor
Published: July 2012

Há um descompasso entre as exigências do mercado de trabalho em saúde e o ensino médio técnico profissionalizante. A busca pela compreensão de um dos aspectos relativos ao distanciamento entre a formação profissional do técnico em análises clínicas e as necessidades do mundo do trabalho é enfocada nesta pesquisa. O trabalho tem como objetivo geral compreender a metodologia de ensino utilizada por docentes em biossegurança de escolas técnicas de formação em análises clínicas concomitante ao ensino médio da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, tendo como campo para coleta de dados unidades de ensino da rede pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Em se tratando de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa, as informações foram obtidas através de entrevistas gravadas orientadas por questionário semiestruturado e analisados conteúdo e discurso de três docentes em biossegurança. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem a necessidade de reformulações da prática pedagógica, possibilitando que a formação do técnico em análises clínicas ocorra de forma mais consoante às reais necessidades do mercado privado ou público representado pelo Sistema Único de Saúde.
The Case for Combined-Modality Therapy for Limited-Stage Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Hill-Kayser Christine E. , Plastaras John P. , Tochner Zelig , Glatstein Eli
Published: July 2012

Results of the Hodgkin's Disease.6 trial are critically examined in light of the advances in radiation therapy techniques that have occurred since it was initiated. The ultimate findings of the HD.6 trial do not close the case for combined-modality treatment of limited-stage Hodgkin's disease.
Modification of the Bogue calculation
Authors: Taylor H. F. W.
Published: July 2012

The Bogue calculation gives low results for alite and inaccurate ones for the other phases in Portland cement clinkers, largely because the compositions of the phases differ markedly from those of the unsubstituted compounds which it assumes to be present. For a wide range of rapidly cooled clinkers produced in modern plants, the compositions of the phases are sufficiently constant to justify the use, with minor modifications, of average values based on X-ray microanalyses, instead of those of the unsubstituted compounds. On this basis, a procedure is described which, like the Bogue calculation, is essentially a solution of four linear simultaneous equations. A method for estimating the contents of sulphate components from the bulk composition is also described. These procedures together yield a mass balance table showing how the oxide components, both major and minor, are distributed among the major and minor phases. Limitations, modifications, extensions to special types of Portland cement and a test of the procedure for the major phases are described.
Backscattered electron imaging studies on the interfacial zone between high strength lightweight aggregate and cement paste
Authors: Zhang Min-Hong , Gjørv O. E.
Published: July 2012

Much attention has been given to the influence of the interfacial zone between aggregate and cement paste on the various properties of concrete. Previous research has shown that for high strength lightweight aggregates with a very dense outer shell. such as Liapor 8, the nature of the interfacial zone is similar to that in normal weight concrete, where a more porous interfacial zone with massive layers of Ca(OH)2 may form. In the work reported here the effects of silica fume, water/cement ratio, and the varying moisture conditions of the aggregate on the interfacial zone between cement paste and Liapor 8 were investigated. The incorporation of silica fume reduced the porosity and the thickness of the interfacial zone, but in some areas a concentration of Ca(0H)2 adjacent to lightweight aggregate particles was still visible. The interfacial zone was also improved hy reducing the water/cement ratio due to reduced bleeding. It was the moisture conditions on the aggregate surface, rather than the total moisture content of the aggregate, which was the important factor concerning the microstructure of the interfacial zone.
Expansion mechanisms and cementation in cured PFA-lime composites Part 1: Development of mechanical strength and expansion
Authors: Wild S. , Hadi M. , Ward G. Leng
Published: July 2012

Pulverized fuel ash (PFA) was mixed with lime and water, pressed into cylinders, and cured in 100% relative humidity at temperatures of 50, 75 and 95°C for times of 30 min-28 days. The expansion of the cylinders and their unconfined compressive strengths were measured at various stages of the curing cycle; lime consumption was determined at each stage using thermogravimetric analysis. The raw materials and the reaction products formed during curing were analysed using X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis scanning and transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The last two techniques were also employed to follow the development of microstructure during curing. When moistened with water, the PFA wasfound to contain 1·34wt% of gypsum. In the dry P FA this gypsum was present on the particle surfaces, mainly as anhydrous calcium sulphate, and it was possible to remove this surface layer by acid treatment. The presence of this surface layer has been shown to be a critical factor in controlling the reaction rate, irifluencing the reaction mechanism and hence affecting the strength development and expansion behaviour of the cured PFA-lime composites.
A 29Si MAS NMR study of the pozzolanic activity of condensed silica fume and the hydration of di- and tricalcium silicates
Authors: Justnes H. , Meland I. , Bjoergum J. O. , Krane J. , Skjetne T.
Published: July 2012

The pozzolanic activity of condensed silica fume replacing 15% of di- and tricalcium silicates at a w/(c + s) ratio of O·70 has been studied by solid-state 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. The hydration characteristics of the two cement minerals have been studied by the same technique in mixtures with and without silica fume. The water in the mixtures was pre-mixed with alkalis to partly simulate the initial solution formed when water is mixed with cement, since alkalis are believed to strongly affect the conversion rate of silica fume. The combination of NMR data with information from thermogravimetry (TG) has been utilized to balance the total chemical reaction for each mixture, and thereby the empirical formula of the CSH gel as well. The consumption rate of silica fume is found to be faster than the hydration of the minerals after three to seven days. Furthermore, the average chain length of the linear polysilicate anions in the CSH gel is longer in mixes with silica fume than without. The latter is accompanied with a lower CIS ratio in the gel. The C/S ratio of the gelfrom the pure cement minerals tends to increase with age. Silica fume accelerates the hydration of the cement minerals at early age, but retards the hydration at a later stage under the current conditions.
The carbonation of hardened cement pastes
Authors: Groves G. W. , Rodway D. I. , Richardson I. G.
Published: July 2012

The microstructure of hardened pastes of C3S and a C3S/silica fume blend have been examined by transmission electron microscopy before and after partial carbonation in pure CO2 at a relative humidity of 72·6%. Fibrillar outer product C-S-H and the outer regions of inner product C-S-H gel carbonate without change of morphology to silica gel. Calcium carbonate is formed mainly in outer product regions as microcrystalline vaterite or calcite. Residual CH embedded in vaterite microcrystals is observed in the carbonated C3S pastes. It is proposed that outer product C-S-H and CH surfaces carbonate relatively rapidly, compared with inner regions of CH or the inner regions of inner product C-S-H, leading to a substantial level of carbonation of thin slices (0·4 mm) of paste within one day, with little further carbonation in the next few days. The implications for the theory of the kinetics of cement paste carbonation are discussed.
Possibilities of laser diffraction application for comparison of pozzolan materials
Authors: Frias M. , Luxan M. P. , Sanchez de Rojas M. I. , Garcia N.
Published: July 2012

A new method for studying pozzolanic activity in materials by following the evolution of the granulometric distribution curves obtained with a laser diffraction technique, is presented. The behaviour of the selected material was studied in parallel in two different liquids: water and a lime-saturated solution. The granulometric evolution of the materials with pozzolanic activity was different from that of the inert materials when exposed to a reactive liquid such as a lime-saturated solution. These findings prove the effectiveness of this method for assessing the pozzolanic activity of d(lferent materials.
Electron probe microanalysis of gasifier slag cement pastes
Authors: Bland C. H. , Sharp J. H. , Barker A. P.
Published: July 2012

The widespread use of cement replacement materials in concrete has generated interest in the potential use of gasifier slag (GS), a new replacement material with a chemical composition intermediate between that of ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) and pulverized fuel ash (PFA). A partial understanding of how the material behaves in concrete can be obtained through a study of the hydration of GS cements. New information on the hydration products has been gained by an examination of the composition of hydrates in GS cement pastes. Electron probe microanalysis has been used to study the composition of hydration rims around alite and slag grains in two GS cement pastes. The results are expressed in terms of atomic ratios, depicted graphically and compared with published probe data for GGBS and PFA cement pastes. The presence of GS modifies the composition of the hydrates in the rims around alite grains, particularly by the incorporation of aluminium. The composition of the hydrate around the GS grains is shown to be more similar to that around PFA than to that around GGBS grains.
The process and mechanism of alkali — silica reaction using fused silica as the reactive aggregate
Authors: Wilson M. , Cabrera J. G. , Zou Y.
Published: July 2012

As part of a detailed study to investigate the processes and mechanism of alkali—silica reaction (ASR), OPC mortars with 50% of the aggregate replaced by highly reactive fused silica (FS) were immersed in 1M KOH and saturated NaCl solutions at 38°C for 150 days. The expansion of the mortars was measured every 5 days for the first 30 days and every 15 days thereafter, and compared with the expansion of a series of OPC control mortars without FS. Maximum expansions (up to 2·2%) were observed in the FS mortars immersed in NaCl. Polished mortar specimens were studied using back-scattered electron imaging techniques and electron microprobe analysis to determine the extent of reaction of the FS and to obtain quantitative chemical analyses of the ASR gels. ASRfrequently appeared to initiate inside the reactive silica grains rather than at their peripheries, possibly reflecting the higher surface energies of microcracks and other internal discontinuities. The amount of visible reaction of the FS appeared greater in the KOH mortars, although they expanded less than the NaCl mortars. Element mapping of partially reacted FS grains demonstrated that alkali cations (Na+, K+) are clearly capable of diffusing into the silica structure, whereas the larger hydrated Ca2+ ions are not. The ASR gels generated in the NaCl mortars had low CaO contents < 1 wt%) compared with those produced in the KOH solution (∼14·5 wt%). This appears to provide conclusive evidence that high calcium contents inhibit the expansion of ASR gels. The implications of these experimental results for elucidation of the mechanism of ASR are discussed. The importance of absorption of alkali cations (Na+, K+) onto the surface of the reactive aggregate during the early stages of reaction and the availability of Ca2+ ions in the cement pore fluids in controlling the expansion behaviour of the resultant ASR gels are stressed.
Influence of silica fume on the rheological properties of the matrices of high-performance concretes
Authors: Kucharska L. , Moczko M.
Published: July 2012

The influence of two types of silica fume (SF) on the rheological properties of cement pastes with water-cement ratios typical of very high performance concrete was investigated. The sensitivity of cement to the sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde type of superplasticizer (SP) and its optimum content was determined from apparent viscosity as afunction of three parameters. It was found that the values characterizing apparent viscosity of the pastes depend non-linearly on the amount of C3A, and that the relation is linked to the content of free CaO in cement. Values of pH for the cement suspensions are also highly correlated with the content of free CaO, and may be regarded as an indicator for selection of cements that have good workability with SP. The quality of SF had no significant influence on the rheological behaviour of the cement pastes with SP that had the lowest content of C3A, free CaO and alkalis. For all the cements with higher contents of these components, a decrease in viscosity was observed only after the addition of the lower reactivity SF. It has been proved that SF can improve the efficiency of the SP and may reduce the water content provided that its reactivity is limited. The chemical processes at the beginning of hydration are restrained by the same phenomenon.
Hydration behaviour of simulated high-performance concrete pastes using synchrotron energy-dispersive diffraction
Authors: Henderson E. , Turrillas X , Barnes P.
Published: July 2012

Synchrotron radiation energy-dispersive diffraction has been used for the first time to evaluate the hydration behaviour of simulated high-performance concrete (hpc) pastes. The hydration of the alite and ferrite and formation of Ca(OH)2 were monitored as a function of the initial H2O content. A significant and stable ettringite (AFt) content was found in all pastes, perhaps close to 6·5% in certain mixes. The morphology of AFt depended on the initial mix design. Monosulphate (AFm) was detected, the amount present increasing with increasing initial H2O content. The technique has the advantage of monitoring the overall hydration behaviour of the paste while it is still ‘wet’. By such an approach the less stable phases such as AFt and AFm can be detected and characterized. These are of potential importance in relation to the long-term durability of hpc.
Characterization of the hydration process of calcium sulphate hemihydrate by simultaneous evaluation of chemical and physical parameters
Authors: Stav E. , Bentur A.
Published: July 2012

A new approach to follow the hydration reaction of calcium sulphate hemihydrate is described, based on two automated-computerized systems. The results of the study show that the hydration process can be divided into four stages: induction period, nucleation, crystal growth and diffusion-controlled reaction. It was found that the initial setting time obtained by the ‘knife’ test coincides with the end of the induction period, during which the degree of hydration is zero. Initial setting time obtained by the Vicat test coincided with the time when the degree of hydration was 10%. The length change curves could be interpreted in terms of four stages. Shrinkage occurred when water was consumed in the hydration reaction during the time of the Vicat initial setting; a high rate of expansion was initiated when the degree of hydration was about 20% and it was accompanied by a high rate of heat evolution. These two processes terminated at about the same time.
A new technique for measuring permeability and tensile strength of a curing oil well cement
Authors: Lile O. B. , Elvebakk H. , Backe K. R. , Skalle P. , Lyomov S.
Published: July 2012

Gas migration through cement is a problem in many wells around the world. A study of the behaviour of cement slurry during the curing period has been performed in order to relate to slurry properties such as intrusion and migration of gas in the cement. A new method for measuring the permeability and the strength of a curing cement has been developed. At specific times during the curing, water is pumped into the cement paste at a very low rate while pressure is recorded. The pumping is then stopped for a short time while the pressure drops back to normal pressure. The pump is then restarted at maximum rate causing the curing cement to fracture. The fracturing pressure appears as a sharp peak in the pressure against time curve. Using the flow rate and the pressure recording during the first low-rate pumping period, the permeability is calculated. The tensile strength of the cement is proportional to the peak pressure of the second high-rate pumping pressure. The method can be used throughout the whole time interval of interest from initial to final set, and has shown good reproducibility. The behaviour of three parameters has been found to be of importance regarding gas tightness: the permeability development, the build up of tensile strength and the hydrostatic pressure drop.
57Fe Mössbauer study of cement water-degradation
Authors: Faucon P. , Bonville P. , Adenot F. , Genand-Riondet N. , Jacquinot J. F. , Virlet J.
Published: July 2012

The structural evolution of iron during cement paste degradation is studied. An increased concentration of iron has been observed in the surface layer formed when cement paste comes into contact with an aggressive solution. While C4AF and C3(A, F)SH4 are little affected by leaching, the calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) become richer in trivalent iron on the surface. The latter replaces the labile and non-labile calcium of the structure, the labile form being predominant.
Development of the use of sulfo- and ferroaluminate cements in China
Authors: Zhang Liang , Su Muzhen , Wang Yanmou
Published: July 2012

The development and use of sulfo- and ferroaluminate cements (SAC and FAC) in civil engineering in China over the past 10 years are reviewed. The varieties, performances and uses of the cements, whose total output in 1997 reached about 1 million tonnes per year, are briefly summarized. Comprehensive comments on the applications of SAC/FAC for concrete products, high-rise buildings, tunnels, waterproof structures, etc., are given. Technical methods of using the cements, such as controlling set time, controlling hydration heat, and improving strength and durability of concrete are discussed. The plans to develop SAC/FAC further in China are also described.
Studies of hydrothermal reactions of UK pulverized fuel ashes. Part 1: reactions between pulverized fuel ash and calcium hydroxide
Authors: Ball M. C. , Carroll R. A.
Published: July 2012

Pulverized fuel ash/calcium hydroxide pastes (C/S ratio approximately 0·8) were autoclaved at 184°C for periods up to 12 h. The pastes were analysed for loss of calcium hydroxide and ash, release of silicon, aluminium and alkalis, and by X ray diffraction. Calcium hydroxide is consumed within 6 h, which coincides with the most rapid period of ash reaction. A semicrystalline CSH phase appears initially, which converts to crystalline tobermorite at longer times. Hydrogarnet forms readily and is stable under the conditions investigated. Differences in the behaviour of the ash samples are evident that seem to be related to the particle size distribution, rather than to the amount of glassy phase present or to other measures of reactivity.
Effect of quartz content on the nature of Al-substituted 11 Å tobermorite in hydrothermally treated CaO—Al2O3—SiO2—H2O systems
Authors: Klimesch D. S. , Ray A. S.
Published: July 2012

Lime-metakaolin-quartz mixtures containing varying amounts of quartz were prepared and hydrothermally cured at 180°C. The nature of hydration products with reaction time was studied using a combination of solid-state27 Al MAS NMR, XRD, DTA-TGA, SEM and wet chemical techniques. Hydrogarnet always preceded Al-substituted 11Å tobermorite irrespective of the amount of quartz used and supplied most, if not all, of the Al to form Al-substituted 11Å tobermorite. The availability of silicate anions from quartz was an important factor in providing a sink for the Al species to be in tetrahedral coordination. It also offered a means for controlling the extent of Al substitution into the 11Å tobermorite crystal lattice with reaction time and the extent of breakdown of the hydrogarnet. The growth of hydrogarnet was inhibited with increasing amounts of quartz, while the formation of Al-substituted 11Å tobermorite was accelerated. With increasing amounts of quartz, the crystallite size in the c-direction of Al-substituted 11Å tobermorite decreased and a change in its morphology was evident from platelets to aggregated petal-like, fine crystals.
Effect of virtual mass force on prediction of pressure changes in condensing tubes
Authors: Saffari Hamid , Daur Nemat
Published: July 2012

Three-fluid model is used to calculate the pressure drops in a vertical pipe
with the annular flow pattern for condensing steam. The three-fluid models
are based on the mass, momentum, and energy balance equations for each of the
fluid streams in the annular flow. There are discrepancies between
predictions of three-fluid model for pressure drops and the experimental data
for pressure drops when using the avail?able correlations for steam-film
interfacial friction. The correlation by Stevanovic et at provides good match
with experimental data, but it does not take into account some important
factors affecting the pressure drops in its three-fluid model. One of these
significant factors which is considered in the three fluid model used in the
present paper is virtual mass (added mass) force term. Inclusion of the
virtual mass force improves the pressure drop predictions such that they
agree much better with the experiments.
Materials and technologies for fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures with sub-100 nm feature sizes by two-photon polymerization
Authors: Burmeister Frank , Steenhusen Sönke , Houbertz Ruth , Zeitner Uwe D. , Nolte Stefan , Tünnermann Andreas
Published: July 2012

The fabrication of sub-100 nm feature sizes in large-scale three-dimensional (3D) geometries by two-photon polymerization requires a precise control of the polymeric reactions as well as of the intensity distribution of the ultrashort laser pulses. The authors, therefore, investigate the complex interplay of photoresist, processing parameters, and focusing optics. New types of inorganic– organic hybrid polymers are synthesized and characterized with respect to achievable structure sizes and their degree of crosslinking. For maintaining diffraction-limited focal conditions within the 3D processing region, a special hybrid optics is developed, where spatial and chromatic aberrations are compensated by a diffractive optical element. Feature sizes below 100 nm are demonstrated.
Le gaspillage de l'or noir
Authors: Malti Hocine
Published: July 2012

Quand le général de Gaulle a finalement admis, en septembre 1961, que le Sahara faisait partie intégrante de l’Algérie, on était en droit de penser que les richesses du sous-sol saharien feraient le bonheur du peuple algérien, une fois l’indépendance acquise. On s’était mis à rêver que le destin des Algériens était d’être un peuple heureux et que les revenus du pétrole lui permettraient d’affronter les affres du sous-développement. Hélas, les quelques années de trop qu’avait duré la guerre de libération, en raison de ces découvertes, n’ont été que le début d’une série de malheurs causés à ce peuple, causés par l’accaparement de la rente pétrolière par des dirigeants sans foi, ni loi.
La jeunesse algérienne : un profond et durable malaise
Authors: Safir Nadji
Published: July 2012

Etant donné l’importance de son poids relatif, la jeunesse algérienne est une composante essentielle de la société algérienne. Dans une position marginale eu égard aux logiques rentières qui parcourent celle-ci, la jeunesse est confrontée, depuis de longues années déjà, à des taux élevés de chômage et de sous-emploi. Développant des stratégies d’adaptation aux contextes économiques et sociaux nationaux dominants, elle constitue un potentiel migratoire – notamment qualifié – important. Les problèmes qu’elle rencontre sont à l’origine du malaise qui la caractérise et dont l’une des formes de manifestation est constituée par diverses formes de violence collective.
Abdelkader Alloula, un dramaturge au carrefour des générations
Authors: Bereksi-Meddahi Lamia
Published: July 2012

Les années 1990 ont fait couler beaucoup de sang de dramaturges, de journalistes, d’écrivains. Le terrorisme a atteint un tel paroxysme que le dramaturge Abdelkader Alloula avait adapté la pièce de Carlo Goldoni « Arlequin, valet de deux maîtres » en 1993. Il a expliqué sa démarche ainsi : « En premier lieu, je voulais apporter un divertissement à notre jeunesse et l’amener à se poser des questions sur ce que vivent les jeunes actuellement et faire ressortir l’amour et la vertu, notions qui ont totalement disparu (...) nous visons surtout des représentations en direction des jeunes parce que le public est trop pris par la vie politique et ces questions d’amour ne l’intéressent plus » 1 .
Victoire modale, victoire morale ? Le système automobile dans le jeu des transports publics parisiens au début du XXe siècle
Authors: Flonneau Mathieu
Published: July 2012

Confronté aux défis massifs de la croissance de la mobilité liée au phénomène de métropolisation, en 1910, la Ville de Paris remettait légalement en jeu le système d’exploitation de ses réseaux de surface de transports en commun. Alors que la révolution du métro était en cours, la compagnie titulaire de l’ancien contrat pour les omnibus fut sommée de moderniser son matériel et d’adopter la traction automobile. Dans la ville qui venait d’inventer l’ensemble des usages de l’automobilisme, ce choix fait par les pouvoirs publics relayés par les entreprises privées permit des conquêtes modales qui demeurèrent valables près d’un siècle. Cet article, au travers d’une monographie exemplaire, explore les conditions concrètes qui ont permis politiquement à l’automobilisme de s’imposer dans les sociétés occidentales.
L'Union européenne et la crise de la dette
Authors: Liberti Fabio
Published: July 2012

Résumé Depuis l’explosion de la crise des dettes souveraines européennes, la zone euro vit un psychodrame. Une série de sommets de crise, des plans d’aides à répétition, des centaines de milliards d’euros distribués par les États membres et par la Banque centrale européenne, ont temporairement calmé les marchés, avant que la panique ne reprenne, plus violente. Cet article retrace l’historique de la crise des dettes souveraines européennes, s’interroge sur ses raisons profondes, sur les erreurs politiques qui ont été commises dans le pilotage franco-allemand de la réponse à la crise, mais surtout se demande comment sortir de celle-ci. La dimension politique, est mise en avant pour expliquer la crise et pour en identifier une issue. En effet, même si la crise de la dette venait à être résolue en 2012, vaste défi, il reste à gérer en Europe un sentiment de mal-être de plus en plus répandu.
Corporate Culture and Global Competition. The Honda Philosophy
Authors: Furlan Umberto
Published: July 2012

Honda is engaged in business activities on a global scale. It is necessary for Honda associates worldwide to understand, respect, share and implement a unifying philosophy. This philosophy should be the base of action and judgment for all companies and associates within the Honda Group. Honda’s car and motorbike businesses can grow more quickly and utilize those core values that are not already realized, by constantly creating occasions for a meeting of minds globally, understanding, supporting in a patient and constructive manner. The center of Honda’s philosophy is the Company Principle, which was written in 1956. Underlying the Company Principle are two fundamental beliefs: Respect for the Individual; and the Three Joys.
Global Companies and Global Regulation
Authors: Bisio Luca
Published: July 2012

In a global economy, corporate responsibility has to interact with the specific social and environmental aspects of each Nation-State, which consequently are not viewed as local differences but rather as elements of market competition. This interaction has to concentrate on complex matters such as profitability and the protection of financial equilibriums, respect for ethical codes, environmental concerns and social profiles in general.
An Overview of Livestock Improvement and Extension Management Technologies: Panacea for Attaining Food Security and Industrial Development in Nigeria
Authors: I. Age A. , A. Unongo E.
Published: July 2012

This paper is an overview of livestock improvement and extension management technologies that are aimed at attainment of Food security and industrial development in Nigeria. It demystifies the concept of livestock improvement and examines the rationale for embarking on livestock improvement; and it also highlights livestock improvement management technologies that are sinequa non for attaining food security and industrial development in Nigeria. The paper recommends adoption of cross breeding of improved breeds of livestock; Pedigree selection, artificial insemination, establishment of progeny-testing stations and adoption of performance testing and livestock breeding value evaluation.
Que se passe-t-il dans un stage réussi?
Authors: Boudreau1 Pierre
Published: July 2012

Cet article porte sur la description d'une étape cruciale dans le processus d'apprentissage, celle d'un stage qualifié de réussi dans un programme de formation initiale à l'enseignement au secondaire. L'étude de cas décrit les apprentissages réalisés par un stagiaire et les interventions d'enseignants associés qui ont contribué à ces apprentissages. Cette étude veut illustrer qu'il est possible d'apprendre réellement à enseigner dans le cadre d'un stage et, partant, d'aller au-delà du développement de l'habileté à gérer efficacement une salle de classe.
Le partenariat entre les écoles secondaires et les musées: points de vue d'enseignants de la région de Montréal
Authors: Matias1 Vitor , Lemerise Tamara , Lussier-Desrochers Dany
Published: July 2012

Cet article vise à faire le point sur les perceptions et les intérêts des enseignants concernant le partenariat entre les musées et les écoles secondaires. Un questionnaire a été distribué dans 16 écoles francophones de la région de Montréal. Les répondants (N = 202) se différencient selon le sexe, l'ancienneté, la matière, l'ordre d'enseignement. La plupart des enseignants reconnaissent le rôle éducatif des musées dans le développement et l'apprentissage des 12-17 ans. Toutefois, le manque d'information sur ce qu'offrent les musées et les difficultés d'organisation des sorties sont les principaux éléments relevés pour expliquer la faible utilisation des musées. Les résultats sont discutés en lien avec les écrits recensés et les initiatives récentes prises au Québec en matière d'éducation et de culture.
Pouchkine en France au XIXe siècle : empirisme et intraduisibilité1
Authors: Teplova Natalia
Published: July 2012

Alexandre Pouchkine, le poète national russe, reste toujours méconnu par le grand public français. Une des raisons de cet état de fait se cache dans les premières « translations » non traductives des oeuvres de Pouchkine. La présente étude analyse le caractère empirique des procédés translatifs du début du XIXe siècle qui ont créé le mythe de l’intraduisibilité de cet auteur russe.
Les banlieues de l’immigration
Authors: Charbonneau Johanne , Germain Annick
Published: July 2012

La banlieue québécoise a connu d’importantes mutations au cours des dernières décennies. Plusieurs se demandent si on ne devrait pas cesser de nommer ainsi des territoires qui ressemblent de plus en plus aux quartiers des villes centres. L’hétérogénéité sociale progressive des banlieues de l’après-guerre, nourrie entre autres par l’arrivée des immigrants, est un des facteurs qui inspirent ces débats. À partir de recherches réalisées dans des quartiers de la banlieue montréalaise et de certaines données statistiques, nous verrons comment l’immigration internationale se répartit en banlieue et proposerons une typologie de ses modes d’établissement. Puis nous nous interrogerons sur la manière dont l’immigration interpelle le modèle de la banlieue, en faisant référence notamment aux philosophies des « municipalités » de banlieue en matière d’intégration.
Note critique
Authors: Castonguay Charles
Published: July 2012

Depuis la parution de Minorités francophones : assimilation et vitalité des communautés dans la série Nouvelles perspectives canadiennes du ministère du Patrimoine canadien, les études se multiplient qui visent à racheter l’assimilation des minorités francophones en plaçant plutôt l’accent sur leur vitalité linguistique ou culturelle. Dans sa contribution en ce sens au récent numéro de Recherches sociographiques sur le thème des minorités, André Langlois a prétendu remettre en question le paradigme de l’urbanisation comme catalyseur de l’assimilation et celui de la concentration territoriale comme condition nécessaire à la persistance linguistique d’une minorité. La présente note met en évidence d’importantes lacunes et faiblesses dans la méthode et le raisonnement de Langlois, tout en faisant ressortir à quel point les recensements confirment les paradigmes mis en cause.
Intégration institutionnelle et intégration des services : l’expérience de la région des Laurentides
Authors: Demers Louis , Pelchat Yolande , Côté Ginette
Published: July 2012

À la lumière d’une recherche menée dans la région des Laurentides, nous examinerons comment la transformation des modes d’intégration institutionnelle peut influer sur l’élaboration de projets d’intégration des services de santé et sur la rationalisation des services administratifs et de soutien. L’adoption d’ententes de partenariat favorise la mise en oeuvre de ces projets. Inversement, l’imposition de la fusion ou du regroupement d’établissements peut soulever une vague d’opposition qui nuit à la mise en place de réseaux intégrés de services. Ces résultats doivent toutefois être interprétés en tenant compte de facteurs contextuels propres à l’époque et à la région.
Être et agir, ou la voi(e/x) de l’héroïne : réflexion sur l’identité d’Émilie, fille de Caleb Bordeleau
Authors: Demers Frédéric
Published: July 2012

Cet article se penche sur le personnage d’Émilie Bordeleau, figure principale de la très populaire télésérie Les Filles de Caleb diffusée au Québec entre octobre 1990 et février 1991. Il présente sommairement les modèles usuels d’héroïsme au féminin apparus avec l’émergence des sociétés bourgeoises, puis, en pêchant dans le contenu de la télésérie, montre comment et pourquoi le personnage d’Émilie était à la fois fidèle à ces modèles et en rupture avec eux, c’est-à-dire profondément moderne sous une enveloppe traditionnelle. Finalement, l’article suggère une lecture à deux niveaux de ce personnage en liaison avec le contexte sociopolitique de diffusion de la télésérie marqué par l’ébullition nationaliste post-Meech du Québec français.
La nature formelle du symbolisme dans la caverne
Authors: Fischer Franck
Published: July 2012

On offre ici une interprétation nouvelle de deux des symboles de l’allégorie de la Caverne : les ombres de l’étape C1 du prisonnier enchaîné et les marionnettes de l’étape C2 du prisonnier qui se libère. Les deux symboles analysés ne sont pas, selon l’auteur, des symboles de réalités (C1 = ombres et C2 = réalités sensibles) que pourrait suggérer un parallélisme strict avec la Ligne (L1 = image et L2 = réalité sensible), mais des symboles se référant à des modes de jugements qui portent tous deux sur la même réalité sensible.
La terre promise, Remember ! : l’odyssée carnavalesque de Noël Audet
Authors: Arsenault Solange
Published: July 2012

Si l’hybridité formelle de La terre promise, Remember ! de Noël Audet renvoie d’emblée aux grandes traditions romanesques de la modernité — roman picaresque, épopée, chronique, conte —, le roman s’inscrit bien plus encore dans la tradition carnavalesque, tant par son orchestration dialogique des langages que par son imagerie grotesque. Le présent article explore ainsi les formes et les enjeux de la carnavalisation de l’oeuvre qui transcrit, sur un mode distancié, de très larges pans de la culture et de l’histoire du Québec. Chevauchant les époques et les lieux, questionnant les sens possibles de l’Histoire, de la mémoire et de l’identité, bref de la culture, La terre promise, Remember ! fait de l’hétérogénéité langagière le véhicule premier de son odyssée carnavalesque.
Sagesse, folie et bonheur en Qohélet 10,1
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Jacques
Published: July 2012

Qo 10,1 est un texte qui ne nécessite aucune correction textuelle. Du point de vue de l’analyse structurelle, Qo 9,18b-10,1a est un commentaire critique de Qo 9,18a, tandis que Qo 10,1b s’oppose à Qo 9,17. L’idée dominante de ce verset peut se résumer comme suit : Qo 10,1 relativise la valeur traditionnelle de la sagesse. Plus précisément, Qo 9,18b-10,1a évoque le monde politico-militaire qui a le pouvoir de détruire le bonheur, tandis que Qo 10,1b souligne qu’un peu de folie a plus de valeur que la sagesse et la gloire. Le mot clé est icim‘t, « un peu ». Il rappelle, non sans ironie, que ni la sagesse ni la folie ne peuvent garantir le bonheur et la sécurité (cf. Qo 7,16-17).
Modifications des systèmes fluviatiles à la transition Pléniglaciaire-Tardiglaciaire et à l’Holocène : l’exemple du bassin de la Somme (Nord de la France)
Authors: Antoine Pierre
Published: July 2012

Les recherches récentes sur les séquences tardiglaciaires et holocènes du bassin de la Somme sont basées sur des transects de vallée complétés par les données provenant de l'étude de nombreux profils archéologiques. La confrontation des données stratigraphiques et des résultats des études bioclimatiques débouche sur un schéma global d'évolution des vallées du bassin de la Somme entre la fin du Pléniglaciaire weichsélien et le milieu de l'Holocène. Cette évolution se caractérise par d'importants changements de la morphologie et de la sédimentation fluviatile en relation avec les modifications climatiques. La première modification majeure se situe à la limite Pléniglaciaire supérieur - Tardiglaciaire (13 000 BP) où la réponse des cours d'eau à l'amélioration climatique se traduit par une incision importante des dépôts weichséliens et le passage d'un système de chenaux en tresses à un système fluviatile de transition à multiples chenaux stables. Les premiers dépôts organiques qui remplissent ces chenaux sont datés de l'interstade de Bölling. Au cours de l'Allerød, on observe le dépôt de limons organiques en relation avec un système à large chenal unique à méandres. La fin du Tardiglaciaire se manifeste ensuite par la mise en place dans l'ensemble de la vallée d'un remplissage de limons calcaires attribués au Dryas récent. Ces dépôts de décantation sont alimentés par le débordement périodique d'un chenal unique à méandres. Une seconde phase d'incision majeure, dans un chenal unique à méandres, marque le début de l'Holocène vers 10 000 BP. Ensuite, entre le Préboréal et le milieu de l'Atlantique, l'ensemble de la vallée est progressivement colmaté par une tourbière bordée par de petits chenaux latéraux où se déposent des limons organiques. Enfin, une dernière phase d'incision, dont l'origine climatique n'est pas évidente, apparaît au sein de l'Atlantique entre 6000 et 5500 BP environ. Cette dernière modification importante du régime fluviatile est suivie par le dépôt de limons organiques lités dans un large chenal unique à méandres, et le développement massif des tufs.
Climatic tolerances and zoogeography of the late Pleistocene beetle fauna of Beringia
Authors: Elias Scott A.
Published: July 2012

The study of fossil beetles has played an important role in the reconstruction of Beringian paleoenvironments. More than 25 fossil localities have yielded Late Pleistocene beetle assemblages, comprising more than 300 species, of which about 147 are predators and scavengers, groups which are suitable for paleoclimatic reconstruction. The author has developed climate envelopes (climatic parameters characterizing the modern localities in which species are found) for these species, in order to perform mutual climatic range pale- otemperature studies. This paper describes the thermal requirements of these beetles, and their zoogeographic history since the interval just prior to the last interglacial period. The fossil assemblages include 14 arctic and alpine species, 66 boreo-arctic species, and 68 boreal and temperate species. The greatest percentage of species with restricted thermal requirements occurs in the arctic and alpine group. The majority of boreo-arctic and boreal and temperate species have very broad thermal requirements. Based on modern distribution and the North American fossil record, it appears that some species resided exclusively in Beringia during the Late Pleistocene. These Beringian species comprise 64 % of the arctic and alpine species found in the fossil assemblages, 34 % of the boreo-arctic species, and only 1 % of the boreal and temperate species.
Late-Quaternary history of the alpine flora of the New Hampshire White Mountains
Authors: Miller Norton G. , Spear Ray W.
Published: July 2012

A distinctive flora of 73 species of vascular plants and numerous bryophytes occurs in the ca. 20 km2of alpine tundra in the White Mountains, New Hampshire. The late- Quaternary distribution of these plants, many of which are disjuncts, was investigated by studies of pollen and plant macrofossils from lower Lakes of the Clouds (1 542 m) in the alpine zone of Mount Washington. Results were compared with pollen and macrofossils from lowland late-glacial deposits in western New England. Lowland paleofloras contained fossils of 43 species of vascular plants, 13 of which occur in the contemporary alpine flora of the White Mountains. A majority of species in the paleoflora has geographic affinities to Labrador, northern Québec, and Greenland, a pattern also apparent for mosses in the lowland deposits. The first macrofossils in lower Lakes of the Clouds were arctic-alpine mosses of acid soils. Although open-ground mosses and vascular plants continued to occur throughout the Holocene, indicating that alpine tundra persisted, fossils of a low-elevation mossHylocomiastrum umbratumare evidence that forest (perhaps as krummholz) covered a greater area near the basin from 7 500 to 3 500 yBP. No calcicolous plants were recovered from sediments at lower Lakes of the Clouds. Climatic constraints on the alpine flora during the Younger Dryas oscillation and perhaps during other cold-climate events and intervening periods of higher temperature may have led to the loss of plant species in the White Mountain alpine zone. Late-glacial floras of lowland western New England were much richer than floras of areas above treeline during late-glacial time and at the present.