bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly accurate division and square root circuits by exploiting signal correlation in stochastic computing
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Xie Guangjun , Han Jie , Zhang Yongqiang
Published: January 2022

Stochastic computing (SC) is an approximate computing paradigm using probabilities and aims at realizing circuits with low hardware cost. Basic operations (such as addition) have been comprehensively studied, whereas there are few studies on nonlinear operations (such as division and square root) in SC. In this paper, a stochastic division circuit is proposed by using maximally correlated input bitstreams to eliminate the necessity for distinguishing the divisor and dividend. Additionally, four stochastic square root circuits are designed with improved accuracy by decreasing the correlation between intermediate bitstreams via inserting delay elements. Experimental results show that both the proposed division and square root circuits achieve lower mean squared errors (MSEs) while requiring nearly the same hardware resources, compared with the state‐of‐the‐art designs. This result shows the potential in exploiting signal correlation in SC circuit design for high accuracy.
Forest phenoclusters for Argentina based on vegetation phenology and climate
Authors: Silveira Eduarda M. O. , Radeloff Volker C. , Martínez Pastur Guillermo J. , Martinuzzi Sebastián , Politi Natalia , Lizarraga Leonidas , Rivera Luis O. , Gavier‐Pizarro Gregorio I. , Yin He , Rosas Yamina M. , Calamari Noelia C. , Navarro María F. , Sica Yanina , Olah Ashley M. , Bono Julieta , Pidgeon Anna M.
Published: January 2022

Forest biodiversity conservation and species distribution modeling greatly benefit from broad‐scale forest maps depicting tree species or forest types rather than just presence and absence of forest, or coarse classifications. Ideally, such maps would stem from satellite image classification based on abundant field data for both model training and accuracy assessments, but such field data do not exist in many parts of the globe. However, different forest types and tree species differ in their vegetation phenology, offering an opportunity to map and characterize forests based on the seasonal dynamic of vegetation indices and auxiliary data. Our goal was to map and characterize forests based on both land surface phenology and climate patterns, defined here as forest phenoclusters. We applied our methodology in Argentina (2.8 million km2), which has a wide variety of forests, from rainforests to cold‐temperate forests. We calculated phenology measures after fitting a harmonic curve of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series derived from 30‐m Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 data from 2018–2019. For climate, we calculated land surface temperature (LST) from Band 10 of the thermal infrared sensor (TIRS) of Landsat 8, and precipitation from Worldclim (BIO12). We performed stratified X‐means cluster classifications followed by hierarchical clustering. The resulting clusters separated well into 54 forest phenoclusters with unique combinations of vegetation phenology and climate characteristics. The EVI 90th percentile was more important than our climate and other phenology measures in providing separability among different forest phenoclusters. Our results highlight the potential of combining remotely sensed phenology measures and climate data to improve broad‐scale forest mapping for different management and conservation goals, capturing functional rather than structural or compositional characteristics between and within tree species. Our approach results in classifications that go beyond simple forest–nonforest in areas where the lack of detailed ecological field data precludes tree species–level classifications, yet conservation needs are high. Our map of forest phenoclusters is a valuable tool for the assessment of natural resources, and the management of the environment at scales relevant for conservation actions.
How strong are salt marshes? Geotechnical properties of coastal wetland soils
Authors: Brooks Helen , Moeller Iris , Spencer Tom , Royse Katherine , Price Simon , Kirkham Matt
Published: January 2022

Salt marshes are globally distributed, vegetated intertidal wetlands and marsh edge erosion is common on many shores. To understand how and why marsh edge erosion occurs, the response of salt marsh substrates to applied shear and vertical stress must first be quantified. This response is likely influenced by marsh substrate biological, geochemical and sedimentological composition. However, currently there is little systematic research into the between‐marsh variability in these properties and how they affect both marsh edge erosion processes and the ability of a marsh to maintain its position vertically within the tidal frame.

This paper compares two marshes of contrasting sedimentology at Tillingham marsh, East England and Warton marsh, Northwest England. Soil shear strength and compressibility are determined by applying geotechnical methods to determine marsh resistance to shear and vertical effective stresses. This research was able to isolate the influence of roots on substrate shear strength in a three‐dimensional sample. In response to vertical effective stress, both the expected displacement magnitude and the vertical recovery potential of a marsh substrate are affected by past stress conditions on the marsh, particularly those resulting from desiccation. The substrate response to vertical effective stress also influences substrate shear strength through the effect of consolidation on the void ratio (or bulk density).

We present evidence for the connection between marsh composition and substrate behaviour under applied stress. The results shed light on potential determinants of marsh resistance to edge erosion, which is ultimately essential for the informed implementation of both nature‐based coastal flood defences and coastal restoration schemes.
Invasive water chestnut hinders tidal wetland development
Authors: McKeon Kelly , Woodruff Jonathan D. , Yellen Brian , Fernald Sarah H. , Sheehan Mary Chase
Published: January 2022

Consistent shoreline development and urbanization have historically resulted in the loss of wetlands. However, some construction activities have inadvertently resulted in the emergence of new tidal wetlands, with prominent examples of such anthropogenic wetlands found within the Hudson River Estuary. Here, we utilize two of these anthropogenically created tidal wetlands to explore the sedimentary and hydrologic conditions driving wetland development from a restoration perspective. Tivoli North is an emergent freshwater tidal marsh, while Tivoli South is an intertidal mudflat with vegetation restricted to the seasonal growth of invasive water chestnut during summer months. Using a combination of sediment traps, cores, and tidal flux measurements, we present highly resolved sediment budgets from these two protected bays and parameterize trapping processes responsible for their divergent wetland evolution. Utilizing a 16‐year tidal flux dataset, we observe net sediment trapping in Tivoli North for most years, with consistent trapping throughout the year. Conversely, flux measurements at Tivoli South reveal net sediment loss over the study period, with trapping constrained to the summer months. Here, we explore potential mechanisms responsible for these contrasting accumulation regimes, including initial geological differences, sediment loading, and human land use changes, with a focus on the invasion of emergent aquatic vegetation. Results suggest that water chestnut is contributing to these divergent morphologies by inhibiting sediment trapping and facilitating erosion, thereby preventing marsh nucleation in Tivoli South. The longevity of this dataset highlights the capacity of aquatic vegetation to regulate sediment exchange and geomorphology in enclosed bays when provided with an opportunity to colonize. The results of this project provide evidence to inform the management of restoration projects in river systems with tidal wetlands, especially those affected by invasive species of aquatic vegetation.
Move fast and break things: Reassessing IB research in the light of the digital revolution
Authors: Birkinshaw Julian
Published: January 2022

Research Summary

How has the emergence of born‐digital firms such as Facebook and Uber influenced international business (IB) research? In this essay, I outline the distinctive qualities of these firms, in particular their “global by default” mindset, and I discuss how IB research on strategy, organization, and institutional context is evolving to help us understand them better. I argue that some traditional domains of inquiry (e.g., subsidiary role typologies) have become obsolete, while others (e.g., MNC–government relationships) have become more important. There is also scope for developing new theories to explain what we observe, rather than seeking to “shoehorn” new phenomena into our existing schemata.

Managerial Summary

“Move fast and break things” was the original motto of Facebook (now Meta), and it is emblematic of how many born‐digital firms behave. These firms seek to grow quickly, and they have little regard for international borders, often operating in a global‐by‐default way. They are, in other words, very different to industrial‐era firms that plotted their international expansion in a cautious and sequential way. In this essay, I discuss whether our existing IB theories—which were developed during the industrial era—are still fit‐for‐purpose in an economy increasingly dominated by born‐digital firms.
Factors determining preventive practices of the healthcare workers regarding COVID‐19 in Bangladesh
Authors: Shah SM Tanjil , Akter Kulsuma , Hasan Md. Shazid , Chakrovarty Tanay , Sakib Najmuj , Islam Md. Tanvir
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Identifying the factors influencing the preventive practices of the healthcare workers (HCWs) is crucial during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) because the HCWs are exposed to unparalleled levels of risks. Such concern is starting to be explored worldwide although there is only a single study available in Bangladesh with a limited scope of explorations of the domain. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors determining better preventive practices of HCWs toward COVID‐19.

Materials and methods

A cross‐sectional one‐to‐one survey was carried out using a validated questionnaire from December 15, 2020 to March 15, 2021 among a sample of 640 HCWs from Khulna, a southwestern division of Bangladesh, consisting of ten districts. The measures included socio‐demographics, knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices related information. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors determining preventive practices of HCWs toward COVID‐19.

Results

More than half of the respondents (62%) were following better preventive practices. Besides, around 70% of them had better knowledge and attitudes toward the disease. Regression analysis showed a number of major determining factors of the HCWs' better preventive practices including being a nurse or other professionals (ie, radiologists and pathologists), being graduates, working in coronavirus isolation units, managing COVID‐19 patients, having previous training, and having better attitudes toward COVID‐19.

Conclusion

The findings confirmed that the HCWs were generally practicing preventive manners although these trends followed were not at the standard level. So, providing guidance and information from authentic sources and organizing proper training could possibly enhance the preventive behavior in managing COVID‐19 patients.
Role of serotonin transporter and receptor gene polymorphisms in treatment response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in major depressive disorder
Authors: Ramesh Varsha , Venkatesan Vettriselvi , Ramasamy Balakrishnan
Published: January 2022

Objective

Significant challenges in the management of major depressive disorder include the lag period from treatment initiation to an evident response, low response rates and unpredictable disparities in outcome between patients. As a large part of these has been linked to genetic mechanisms, we tried to establish a relationship between genes associated with serotonin neurotransmission and outcome to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment.

Methods

One hundred and twenty‐five patients with moderate to severe depression [at least 15 on the Hamilton Depression (HAM‐D) Rating Scale] being started on SSRI were recruited. Those with a reduction of at least 50% from baseline or an absolute score of 7 or less after 8 weeks of treatment were considered as responders. The serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region 5HTTLPR, serotonin transporter intron 2 (STin2) polymorphism and the 5‐HT receptor 1A rs6295 polymorphisms were studied in association with outcome.

Results

The l/l genotype of the 5HTTLPR was associated with greater likelihood of response (OR: 4.65, CI: 1.74–12.38, p = 0.003). Patients with the 12/12 repeat variant of the STin2 VNTR polymorphism showed a greater reduction in HAM‐D score, compared to patients with the 10/10 genotype (OR: 0.12, CI: 0.03–0.44, p = 0.001). We found no association of the 5HTR1Ars6295 polymorphism with response.

Conclusions

The 5HTTLPR polymorphism and the SLC6A4 intron 2 polymorphism were associated with treatment response, with the l/l genotype and 12‐copy allele showing a tendency towards better outcomes, respectively.
Circulating tumor DNA for prognosis assessment and postoperative management after curative‐intent resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Reinert Thomas , Petersen Lena Marie Skindhøj , Henriksen Tenna Vesterman , Larsen Marie Øbo , Rasmussen Mads Heilskov , Johansen Amanda Frydendahl Boll , Øgaard Nadia , Knudsen Michael , Nordentoft Iver , Vang Søren , Krag Søren Rasmus Palmelund , Knudsen Anders Riegels , Mortensen Frank Viborg , Andersen Claus Lindbjerg
Published: January 2022

The recurrence rate of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) patients treated with curative intent is above 50%. Standard of care surveillance includes intensive computed tomographic (CT) imaging as well as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurements. Nonetheless, relapse detection often happens too late to resume curative treatment. This longitudinal cohort study enrolled 115 patients with plasma samples (N = 439) prospectively collected before surgery, postoperatively at day 30 and every third month for up to 3 years. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to monitor serial plasma samples for somatic mutations. Assessment of ctDNA status either immediately after surgery, or serially during surveillance, stratified the patients into groups of high and low recurrence risk (hazard ratio [HR], 7.6; 95% CI, 3.0‐19.7; P < .0001; and HR, 4.3; 95% CI, 2.3‐8.1; P < .0001, respectively). The positive predictive value (PPV) of ctDNA was 100% in all postoperative analyses. In multivariable analyses, postoperative ctDNA status was the only consistently significant risk marker associated with relapse (P < .0001). Indeterminate CT findings were observed for 30.8% (21/68) of patients. All patients (9/21) that were ctDNA positive at the time of the indeterminate CT scan later relapsed, contrasting 42.6% (5/12) of those ctDNA negative (P = .0046). Recurrence diagnoses in patients with indeterminate CT findings were delayed (median 2.8 months, P < .0001). ctDNA status is strongly associated with detection of minimal residual disease and early detection of relapse. Furthermore, ctDNA status can potentially contribute to clinical decision‐making in case of indeterminate CT findings, reducing time‐to‐intervention.
Single‐dose antibiotic therapy for urinary infections during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Schulz Gabriel Schuch , Schütz Felipe , Spielmann Felipe Valentim Jung , da Ros Lucas Uglione , de Almeida Júlia Stüker , Ramos José Geraldo Lopes
Published: January 2022

Background

During pregnancy, urinary infections are an important cause of maternofetal morbidity and mortality and may lead to several complications.

Objective

To verify whether the use of antibiotic therapy in a single dose when compared with multiple doses in lower tract urinary infections during pregnancy is effective to obtain microbiologic cure.

Search strategy

Online databases were searched. Keywords used were "single‐drug dose", "antibiotic", "fosfomycin", "amoxicillin", "trimethoprim", "pregnancy", and "urinary tract infection".

Selection criteria

Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials, the population was pregnant woman, microbiologic cure was attained, and one of the treatment groups received single‐dose antibiotic therapy.

Data collection and analysis

Preselected studies have been independently read by pairs, and data were extracted according to a predetermined sheet. The Cochrane tool was used for the risk of bias.

Main results

A total of 1063 women from nine studies were included. The primary outcome was the microbiologic cure attested by urine culture. When compared with the multiple‐day use of antibiotics, the single‐dose treatment has shown statistically similar results in reaching culture cure (odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.73–1.44).

Conclusion

The current study has shown that the use of single‐dose treatment for lower tract urinary infections during pregnancy can be recommended, especially using fosfomycin.

Systematic review registration

This review has not been registered.
Classification and evaluation of episiotomy practices from 2004 to 2020 and association with OASIS
Authors: Morgan Rosemary , Korb Diane , Sibony Olivier
Published: January 2022

Objective

To apply a new classification based on seven clinically relevant subgroups to accurately describe episiotomy practices and evaluate the association between episiotomy and obstetrical anal sphincter injury (OASIS) rates according to the classification's subgroups.

Methods

Observational retrospective cohort study based on a population comprising 39 487 women from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2020 in a level III university maternity unit. The primary outcome was the overall episiotomy rate in the institution and its trend over time as well as in each subgroup of obstetrical population classification. Secondary outcome was the rate of third‐ and fourth‐degree OASIS, and its association with episiotomy practice.

Results

The episiotomy rate decreased significantly from 43.2% to 20% in the total population. The overall OASIS rate was 0.34%; it remained significantly the same during the study period, although the association between OASIS and episiotomy was significant only in group 2 (nulliparous women with instrumental delivery) with a decrease of OASIS rate if using episiotomy (odds ratio 0.5; 95% confidence interval 0.3–0.8).

Conclusion

The episiotomy rate can be decreased without exposing women to an increased risk of OASIS. This encourages restrictive practice of episiotomy, but episiotomy should be considered in nulliparous women with instrumental delivery.
Feeling grateful to be optimistic: The influence of recalling special moments on feelings of gratitude and optimism during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Puente‐Díaz Rogelio , Cavazos‐Arroyo Judith
Published: January 2022

In one experiment, we tested the influence of bringing to mind the memory of a special moment versus an ordinary moment from high school on gratitude and the relationship between gratitude and optimism. Participants were first asked to report how the current pandemic has affected their lives. After, participants were randomly assigned to either recalling a special moment from their high school years or recalling an ordinary event from the same life period. Participants then completed a battery of questionnaires assessing gratitude, optimism and some demographics. Results showed a positive influence of bringing to mind the memory of a special moment on gratitude. Gratitude was then positively related to optimism. Hence, the positive relationship between recalling a special event and optimism was mediated by gratitude. Our results showed that brief interventions might help individuals see a brighter future under the current difficult conditions of prolonged lockdowns.
The impact of a pharmacy student‐led community naloxone education program in high school, college, and pharmacy students on knowledge, preparedness, and responsiveness in the event of an opioid overdose
Authors: Azad Atra , Levy Jason , Kefer Emily , Loubani Lamees , Brinton Meghan , Wollen Joshua
Published: January 2022

Introduction

In response to the opioid overdose epidemic, initiatives have been established to educate the public and reduce the harmful impact of opioids. Operation Naloxone is an initiative of the Student College of Clinical Pharmacy at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy with the goal of educating the public through standardized presentations. The study's purpose is to utilize the presentation to assess changes in knowledge and attitudes of laypersons regarding opioid overdoses and naloxone administration using a validated survey.

Objective

To determine the change in scores from baseline in response to a standardized and reproducible presentation given by the Operation Naloxone initiative.

Methods

The participants of the study include high school students. Immediately before the presentation, participants complete a presurvey. All surveys are numbered, allowing answers to remain anonymous. The participants attend a 1‐hour presentation provided by Operation Naloxone, then immediately complete a postsurvey. The primary end points for data analysis are the changes in Opioid Overdose Knowledge and Attitudes Scale scores.

Results

Data were recorded for this study starting in October 2019 and ended in May 2020; 174 paired surveys, 87 pre‐ and 87 postsurveys, were included in data analysis of the four knowledge domains. When combined, the four knowledge domains resulted in statistically significant (P < .0001) increases between presurvey scores (mean, 19.54) and postsurvey scores (mean, 23.39). The combined attitude scale including all 10 questions resulted in a statistically significant (P < .0001) increase in attitude scores from presurveys (mean, 41.29; median, 42) to postsurveys (mean, 43.97; median, 45).

Conclusion

The current study found statistically significant increases in both knowledge and attitudes domains of high school students regarding opioid overdoses. The study should be reproduced in different age groups and demographics to determine whether there is a large scope of impact on the community.
One‐carbon metabolism pathway genes and their non‐association with the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: de Lima Nayane S. , da Costa Caroline C. P. , Assunção Leandro do P. , Santos Kamilla de F. , Bento Dhiogo da C. P. , da Silva Reis Angela A. , Santos Rodrigo da S.
Published: January 2022

Although of unknown etiology, some mechanisms associated with the metabolic cycle of folate are speculated to be related to the genesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Thus, the aim of the study was to analyze the role of genetic polymorphisms rs1051266 in SLC19A1 gene and rs1805087 in MTR gene and their associations with ALS development. A case–control study was conducted with 101 individuals with ALS and 119 individuals without diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, from the Brazilian central population. The polymorphisms were determined using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The results showed no statistically significant differences, even when genotypes were analyzed by the dominant, recessive, codominant, and overdominant inheritance models. It was observed a statistical significance relating alcohol consumption with individuals in the case group (p = 0.01). Therefore, the need for more studies to evaluate the influence of genetic variants is highlighted, seeking to provide information on the etiopathogenesis of ALS.
ITGA5 is an independent prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Chongchang , Shen Yiming , Wei Zhengyu , Shen Zhisen , Tang Ming , Shen Yi , Deng Hongxia
Published: January 2022

Background

Integrin α5 (ITGA5) was involved in a variety of cancers. However, the role of ITGA5 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains unknown.

Methods

The expression of ITGA5 and the corresponding clinicopathological parameters of LSCC patients the TCGA database. Five datasets (GSE51985, GSE59102, GSE84957, GSE27020, and GSE65858) were downloaded from the GEO database as validation sets. Kaplan–Meier plotter, Cox regression analysis, and nomogram were performed to determine the prognostic value of ITGA5 in LSCC. GO, KEGG, and GSEA were used to explore the underlying biological functions of ITGA5 in LSCC. The algorithms ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT were adopted to evaluate the association between ITGA5 and the infiltration of the immune cells. The algorithm pRRophetic was used to estimate the response to chemotherapeutic drugs.

Results

The expression of ITGA5 was higher in the LSCC samples and linked to poor overall survival and recurrence‐free survival. Further, the Cox regression analysis confirmed that high expression of ITGA5 was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. The predictive performance of nomogram based on the expression of ITGA5 was accurate and practical. The functional enrichment analysis confirmed that ITGA5 was related to the construction of the components and structures of the extracellular matrix. Finally, patients with high ITGA5 expression were more likely to benefit from docetaxel and gemcitabine.

Conclusion

The expression of ITGA5 was elevated in the LSCC and was a predictor for prognosis and chemotherapeutic response in LSCC patients.
The relationship between access to mental health resources and use of preferred effective mental health treatment
Authors: Silverman Alexandra L. , Teachman Bethany A.
Published: January 2022

Objective

This study examined whether variables related to unequal access to mental health resources (including Black and Latinx racial‐ethnic group membership, lower education level, and lower number of community‐level treatment providers, and facilities) were associated with current mental health treatment use; and, whether these variables moderated the likelihood that individuals would receive their preferred effective treatment.

Methods

In a preregistered (osf.io/z28wr) study, 5626 individuals completed a mental health history form and measures of implicit and explicit beliefs about the effectiveness of therapy versus medication.

Results

Individuals with more (vs. less) education were more likely to report current treatment use. Individuals who were Black/Latinx (vs. non‐Latinx White) or who lived in a community with fewer (vs. more) providers sometimes had a lower probability of accessing preferred effective treatment, though results varied across implicit and explicit measures.

Conclusions

Findings highlight the need to increase access to mental health resources among marginalized groups.
Maladaptive perfectionism and adolescent NSSI: A moderated mediation model of psychological distress and mindfulness
Authors: Gu Honglei , Hu Chang , Wang Lizhao
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Maladaptive perfectionism has been shown to be associated with non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in adolescents. Based on the functional model of self‐injury, we predicted that this association is due to the mediating effect of psychological distress. We also tested the assumption that being mindful—that is, being able to accept rather than escape the psychological distress—would be a protective factor in this process.

Methods

Eight hundred and forty‐one Chinese adolescents completed online questionnaires concerning maladaptive perfectionism, psychological distress, mindfulness, and NSSI.

Results

Regression‐based analyses showed that maladaptive perfectionism predicted adolescents' NSSI through the indirect effect of psychological distress. Mindfulness weakened the indirect effect.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that self‐injury serves a function in emotion regulation and the communication of distress. The results also have implications for practice: Maladaptive perfectionism should be assessed as a risk factor for NSSI, and teaching mindfulness may be an effective intervention for adolescents who engage in this high‐risk behavior.
Impact of microscopic incomplete resection for colorectal liver metastases on surgical margin recurrence: R1‐Contact vs R1 < 1 mm margin width
Authors: Ausania Fabio , Landi Filippo , Martínez‐Pérez Aleix , Sandomenico Raffaele , Cuatrecasas Miriam , Pages Mario , Maurel Joan , Garcia Rocio , Fuster Josep , Garcia‐Valdecasas Juan Carlos
Published: January 2022

Background

Several studies highlighted an inferior outcome of R1 resection for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM); it is still unclear whether directly involved margins (R1‐contact) are associated with a poorer outcome compared to R1 < 1 mm. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact on surgical margin recurrence (SMR) of R1‐contact vs R1 < 1 mm patients.

Methods

Patients who underwent surgery for CRLM between 2009‐2018 with both R1 resections on final histology were included and compared in terms of recurrence and survival. Factors associated with SMR were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

Out of 477, 77 (17.2%) patients showed R1 resection (53 R1‐Contact and 24 R1 < 1 mm). Overall recurrence rate was 79.2% (R1 < 1 mm = 70.8% vs R1‐contact group = 83%,P = .222). Median disease‐free survival (DFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were significantly higher in R1 < 1 mm vs R1‐contact group (93 vs 55 months;P = .025 and 69 vs 46 months;P = .038, respectively). The SMR rate was higher in R1‐contact compared to R1 < 1 mm group (30.2% vs 8.3%;P = .036). At univariate analysis, age, number of metastases, open surgical approach, RAS status, and R1‐contact were associated with SMR. At multivariate analysis, R1‐contact margin was the only factor independently associated with higher SMR (OR = 5.6;P = .046).

Conclusions

R1‐contact margin is independently associated with SMR after liver resection for CRLM. Patients with R1‐contact margin will also experience poorer DFS and DSS.
Dysfunctional career thoughts, profile elevation, and RIASEC skills of career counseling clients
Authors: Kronholz Julia , Osborn Debra S.
Published: January 2022

Eighty‐six individuals seeking counseling at a university career center completed the Career Thoughts Inventory and the Self‐Directed Search, 5th Edition, agreeing to participate in the present study exploring relationships among dysfunctional career thoughts (DCTs), profile elevation, and RIASEC skills. Multiple regression analyses indicated that DCTs captured 16% of variance in profile elevation and 16% of variance in RIASEC skills. Seven percent of the variance in DCTs were predicted by RIASEC skills and profile elevation. A discussion includes examination of results and limitations, as well as implications for theory, research, and practice.
Osteochondroma formation is independent of heparanase expression as revealed in a mouse model of hereditary multiple exostoses
Authors: Mundy Christina , Chung Juliet , Koyama Eiki , Bunting Stuart , Mahimkar Rajeev , Pacifici Maurizio
Published: January 2022

Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is a rare, pediatric disorder characterized by osteochondromas that form along growth plates and provoke significant musculoskeletal problems. HME is caused by mutations in heparan sulfate (HS)‐synthesizing enzymes EXT1 or EXT2. Seemingly paradoxically, osteochondromas were found to contain excessive extracellular heparanase (Hpse) that could further reduce HS levels and exacerbate pathogenesis. To test Hpse roles, we asked whether its ablation would protect against osteochondroma formation in a conditional HME model consisting of mice bearing floxed Ext1 alleles in Agr‐CreER background (Ext1f/f;Agr‐CreER mice). Mice were crossed with a new global Hpse‐null (Hpse−/−) mice to produce compound Hpse−/−;Ext1f/f;Agr‐CreER mice. Tamoxifen injection of standard juvenile Ext1f/f;Agr‐CreER mice elicited stochastic Ext1 ablation in growth plate and perichondrium, followed by osteochondroma formation, as revealed by microcomputed tomography and histochemistry. When we examined companion conditional Ext1‐deficient mice lacking Hpse also, we detected no major decreases in osteochondroma number, skeletal distribution, and overall structure by the analytical criteria above. The Ext1 mutants used here closely mimic human HME pathogenesis, but have not been previously tested for responsiveness to treatments. To exclude some innate therapeutic resistance in this stochastic model, tamoxifen‐injected Ext1f/f;Agr‐CreER mice were administered daily doses of the retinoid Palovarotene, previously shown to prevent ectopic cartilage and bone formation in other mouse disease models. This treatment did inhibit osteochondroma formation compared with vehicle‐treated mice. Our data indicate that heparanase is not a major factor in osteochondroma initiation and accumulation in mice. Possible roles of heparanase upregulation in disease severity in patients are discussed.
Ground truth validated 3D electrical resistivity imaging of the archaeological deposits at Arma Veirana cave (northern Italy)
Authors: Torrese P. , Zucca F. , Martini S. , Benazzi S. , Drohobytsky D. , Gravel‐Miguel C. , Hodgkins J. , Meyer D. , Miller C. , Peresani M. , Orr C. , Riel‐Salvatore J. , Strait D. S. , Negrino F.
Published: January 2022

We present 3D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) imaging of the archaeological deposits at Arma Veirana cave (northern Italy), to date only partially explored. The archaeological importance of the cave is due to the presence of a rich Mousterian layer, traces of Late Upper Palaeolithic (Epigravettian) temporary occupations and an Early Mesolithic burial of a female newborn. ERT is rarely employed in Palaeolithic cave contexts because Palaeolithic remains are typically disseminated in loose deposits and either do not possess high electrical resistivity contrasts or are too small to be detected. Furthermore, some issues can derive from the confined environment in caves. In this view, our study represents an opportunity to assess the capability of this geophysical method to retrieve subsurface information of Palaeolithic cave deposits and create a framework for the improvement of ERT applications in such a peculiar cave context. The aim of this study was to define the features of the deposits (i.e. geometry, thickness and sediment distribution) and to map the morphology of the underlying bedrock. Results reveal that the thickness of the deposits varies both along the primary axis of the cave and transverse to it. This study allowed the recognition of shallow, meter‐sized, fine‐grained sediment‐filled structures with a longitudinal orientation with respect to the primary axis of the cave, as well as a possible erosional‐like structure. The cross‐validation of geophysical results with the archaeological evidence (the Early Mesolithic newborn burial and Epigravettian artefacts) confirms that the low‐resistivity unit could be the most promising from an archaeological point of view.
Residue degradation, transfer and risk assessment of pyriproxyfen and its metabolites from tea garden to cup by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Hongxia , Zhong Qing , Wang Min , Luo Fengjian , Wang Xinru , Zhou Li , Zhang Xinzhong
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Tea is one of the most popular drinks in the world. The growth of tea plant is inseparable from the control of pesticides on diseases and pests. Pyriproxyfen is used as a pesticide substitute to control insect pests in tea gardens, but little is known about its residue degradation. Here, we performed an integrative study of the degradation and metabolism of pyriproxyfen from the tea garden to the cup.

RESULTS

The dissipation half‐life of pyriproxyfen during tea growth was 2.74 days, and five metabolites PYPAC, PYPA, DPH‐Pyr, 5′′‐OH‐Pyr, and 4′‐OH‐Pyr were generated. The total processing factors for pyriproxyfen in green tea and black tea were 2.41–2.83 and 2.77–3.70, respectively. The residues of pyriproxyfen and its metabolites were affected by different processing steps. The total leaching rates of pyriproxyfen from green tea and black tea into their infusions were 9.8–12.3% and 5.3–13.8%, respectively. The leaching rates of the five metabolites were higher than that of pyriproxyfen and increased the intake risk.

CONCLUSION

To ensure safe consumption, the recommended maximum residue limit value of pyriproxyfen in tea can be set to 5 mg kg−1 and the pre‐harvest interval can be set to 5 days. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Distributed real‐time rendering for ultrahigh‐resolution multiscreen 3D display
Authors: Chen Yingying , Sang Xinzhu , Li Yuanhang , Xing Shujun , Guan Yanxin , Yan Binbin , Wang Kuiru
Published: January 2022

Large‐scale autostereoscopic three‐dimensional (3D) displays can give audiences a truly immersive feeling with strong visual impact. However, the traditional autostereoscopic 3D display systems are limited by the display hardware, making it difficult to directly achieve large‐scale 3D displays with high resolution. Multiscreen splicing with laser backlights can be used for large‐scale and ultrahigh‐resolution 3D display, but it normally results in subscreen image asynchronization, view zone error, or obvious edge overlapping. To solve the problems mentioned above, a distributed real‐time rendering system for ultrahigh‐resolution multiscreen 3D display is proposed. Fifteen 3D LCD display devices are driven through a host, cooperating with laser backlights, a lenticular lens array (LLA), and a directional diffuser to display high resolution, high frame rate, large size, and wide‐viewing angle 3D images. The resolution of the whole display system can reach 23,040 × 21,600. The rendering system provides a large‐scale and real‐time 3D scene image with an ultrahigh‐definition resolution at a speed of 40 frames per second and high quality.
Injectable decellularized nucleus pulposus tissue exhibits neuroinhibitory properties
Authors: Piening Logan M. , Lillyman David J. , Lee Fei San , Lozano Alvaro Moreno , Miles Jeremy R. , Wachs Rebecca A.
Published: January 2022

Background

Chronic low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability, but treatments for LBP are limited. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc due to loss of neuroinhibitory sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) allows nerves from dorsal root ganglia to grow into the core of the disc. Treatment with a decellularized tissue hydrogel that contains sGAGs may inhibit nerve growth and prevent disc‐associated LBP.

Methods

A protocol to decellularize porcine nucleus pulposus (NP) was adapted from previous methods. DNA, sGAG, α‐gal antigen, and collagen content were analyzed before and after decellularization. The decellularized tissue was then enzymatically modified to be injectable and form a gel at 37°C. Following this, the mechanical properties, microstructure, cytotoxicity, and neuroinhibitory properties were analyzed.

Results

The decellularization process removed 99% of DNA and maintained 74% of sGAGs and 154% of collagen compared to the controls NPs. Rheology demonstrated that regelled NP exhibited properties similar to but slightly lower than collagen‐matched controls. Culture of NP cells in the regelled NP demonstrated an increase in metabolic activity and DNA content over 7 days. The collagen content of the regelled NP stayed relatively constant over 7 days. Analysis of the neuroinhibitory properties demonstrated regelled NP significantly inhibited neuronal growth compared to collagen controls.

Conclusions

The decellularization process developed here for porcine NP tissue was able to remove the antigenic material while maintaining the sGAG and collagen. This decellularized tissue was then able to be modified into a thermally forming gel that maintained the viability of cells and demonstrated robust neuroinhibitory properties in vitro. This biomaterial holds promise as an NP supplement to prevent nerve growth into the native disc and NP in vivo.
Knowledge management andCOVID‐19: Technology, people and processes
Authors: Tomé Eduardo , Gromova Elizaveta , Hatch Andrew
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we analyse the impact of the Covid‐19 crisis in organizations from the point of view of knowledge management. Specifically, we address the question of technology, people and processes. We conclude, first, that KM should be put at the centre stage in 2021 because, above all, first and foremost, the Covid‐19 crisis is a crisis about knowledge, and that a massive knowledge failure has been at its core – namely, the absence of a vaccine and the cure for Covid‐19. We furthermore conclude that in organizations, there was a complete lack of “social knowledge” linked with “organizational behaviour” which led to an organizational crisis; quite crucially, we believe that the mentioned crisis was even fostered by the immense technology available, but continued because, despite all the value of people, there was not knowledge about processes; in fact, suddenly, the drastic change in setting caused previously competent people to become incompetent. All this leads to the third conclusion, namely, the solution of the crisis will be achieved using technology and making people competent again and teaching them the right processes. Finally, for the time being, Humanity is still searching for answers, and we believe that all the partial measures (such as use of masks, social distance, washing hands, home/remote working, etc.) will mean an advance and increase in organizational agility.
Effect of species diversity levels and microbial consortium on biomass production, net economic gain, and fertility of marginal land
Authors: Mishra Roli , Singh Rana Pratap
Published: January 2022

Increasing the income of crop growers per unit area and restoring the fertility of marginal soils are major challenges of agricultural sustainability in the Indian agrarian economy. This study investigates the benefits of plant communities consisting of Indian licorice (Abrus precatorius L.), stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.), chilli (Capsicum annum L.), and a microbial consortium of four plant growth‐promoting bacteria and fungi (Bacillus pseudomycoides, Bacillus firmus, Aspergillus luchuensis, and Aspergillus tamarii) on production of plant biomass, income of growers, and its ability to improve soil fertility over a 2 year period. The three crop species were planted in all possible groupings at one, two, and three species diversity levels with three replication and two treatments, that is, with plant growth‐promoting microbes (PGPM) and without PGPM. The maximum increases in biomass (6.8 mega gram ha−1) and aboveground carbon sequestration (3.2 mega gram ha−1) were found for the three species diversity level of LSC (Indian licorice–stevia–chilli) plus PGPM. The highest belowground carbon sequestration (35 mega gram ha−1) and maximum soil fertility benefits [for example, pH (1.16‐times), electrical conductivity (7.53‐times), bulk density (1.84‐times), soil total organic carbon (3.99‐times), available nitrogen (5.95‐times), dehydrogenase (6.16‐times), microbial biomass carbon (4.06‐times), and colony‐forming units (4.44‐times)] were recorded at the two species diversity level of LC (Indian licorice‐chilli) with and without PGPM, compared with the soil properties before cultivation of these plants/additives. The highest net income (9.9 Lac ha−1 yr−2) was estimated for the two species diversity level (LS) plus addition of PGPM.
Role of soil biotic and abiotic properties in plant community composition in response to nitrogen addition
Authors: Qu Qing , Wang Minggang , Xu Hongwei , Yan Ziran , Liu Guobin , Xue Sha
Published: January 2022

Nutrient addition can alter plant–soil‐microbe interactions. However, knowledge remains limited about how the soil biotic and abiotic properties drive changes in plant community composition and diversity after nitrogen (N) addition. In this study, four N addition rates (N0, N3, N6, and N9: 0, 3, 6, and 9 g N m−2yr−1) were applied to a grassland community on the Loess Plateau (China) to evaluate the response of plant community biomass, evenness, and composition to N addition. Overall, N addition significantly increased plant shoot and root biomass by 27.75%–31.37% and 39.60%–65.42% compared with N0, but no significant difference was observed among N3, N6, and N9. N addition significantly decreased shoot/root biomass ratio by 7.17%–21.84%, and plant community evenness by 3.80%–8.80% compared with N0, particularly under N3 and N6 treatments. Furthermore, N addition enhanced the abundance of bacteria and fungi, but their composition was not altered. Responses of plant biomass and evenness to N addition were correlated to changes in NO3−‐N, soil total phosphorus, and the abundance of bacteria and fungi; additionally, the composition was primarily affected by the microbial abundance. Our research indicates that N addition can significantly alter plant community composition, particularly at low addition rates, and such alteration may be more affected by the soil microbial abundance. The findings of this study have important implications for the sustainable management of grassland ecosystems.
Regulation simulation of land‐use ecological security, based on a CA model and GIS: A case‐study in Xingguo County, China
Authors: Xie Hualin , Zhu Zhenhong , He Yafen
Published: January 2022

Ecological land is constantly modified by agriculture and construction, which leads to soil erosion, land degradation, soil pollution flood disasters, and many other land ecological security problems, threatening sustainable development. Few studies have been made to construct a land‐use ecological security pattern (LUESP) aimed at achieving urban expansion, food security, and ecological security from the perspective of land‐use needs. This study seeks to provide decision makers with the choice of multi‐scenario LUESPs by simulating the LUESP under different scenarios, offering a reasonable land‐use ecological security regulation strategy. In this paper, the ecological security evaluation method was used to identify key ecological space of a study area and the scenario analysis method was used to set up three security scenarios: ideal security (IS) scenario, satisfactory security (SS) scenario, and bottom‐line security (BS) scenario, thereby constructing the constrained cellular automata (CA) model of the LUESP and simulating the LUESPs under three security scenarios for Xingguo County, China. The results showed that the LUESP construction land index and arable land index did not exceed the total amount of the General Plan of Land Use in Xingguo County under the three security scenarios. Moreover, both key ecological space loss and landscape fragmentation degree were greatly reduced, the ecological patches tend to cluster, and the anti‐jamming ability of the landscape pattern was enhanced. The ranking of LUESPs under three security scenarios was as follows: BS scenario > SS scenario > IS scenario. These results implied that the LUESPs met the demand for land in Xingguo County for ecological security, food security, and economic development, while space occupied is different under three security scenarios. The decision makers can adopt appropriate land‐use ecological security regulation strategies according to the future development plans of the region.