bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МАРКЕТИНГОВЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПРИ ВЫБОРЕ СПОСОБА ВЫХОДА НА ВНЕШНИЙ РЫНОК НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЫНКА ШОКОЛАДА ЛАТВИИ
Authors: Коротышевская В. Д. , Рачко П. С. , Казаченко Н. В.
Published: December 2022

Для успешного выхода компании на новый рынок необходимо предварительное проведение исследования международной маркетинговой среды. Это связано с тем, что, выходя на рынок той или иной страны, фирма должна учитывать как разнообразие рыночных условий, так и возможное отношение к предлагаемым товарам со стороны потенциальных потребителей. На основе факторов маркетинговой среды необходимо выбрать оптимальный для данного рынка стратегию, что может предполагать выход с существующим товаром или с новым. Целью исследования является выбор способов выхода кондитерской фабрики с шоколадом на рынок Латвии. Для достижения поставленной цели были определены следующие задачи: рассмотрение основных торговых марок шоколада, представленных на рынке Латвии; анализ факторов маркетинговой среды; определение товара для выхода на рынок с учётом маркетинговой среды и текущих конкурентов; предложение рекомендаций по выходу на рынок шоколада Латвии.
ОЦЕНКА И ПОВЫШЕНИЕ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ООО «ПЭК» – ФИЛИАЛА В Г. БЛАГОВЕЩЕНСКЕ
Authors: Васильев А. В.
Published: December 2022

На рынке оказания транспортных услуг наблюдается достаточно сильная конкуренция, заставляющая грузоперевозчиков разрабатывать различные мероприятия по повышению своей конкурентоспособности. Ситуация с распространением коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 ухудшила положение компаний, в частности, сказалась на снижении объемов оказания транспортных услуг, уменьшении спроса, в итоге прибыли организаций. В статье выполнена оценка конкурентоспособности ООО «ПЭК» - филиала в г. Благовещенске. Предприятие занимается оказанием услуг по перевозке грузов в Российской Федерации и за ее пределами. Для проведения оценки конкурентоспособности выбраны два наиболее крупных игрока на рынке г. Благовещенск: ООО «Деловые линии» и АРТК. Конкурентоспособность рассматриваемых организаций оценивалась по таким составляющим, как рекламная деятельность, финансовое состояние, персонал, имидж предприятия, предпочтения покупателей, ассортимент услуг. Комплексная оценка конкурентоспособности компаний показала, что наиболее конкурентоспособным предприятием на рынке транспортных услуг г. Благовещенска является ООО «Деловые линии». ООО «ПЭК» проигрывает конкурентам по оценке потребительских предпочтений покупателей продукции. качеству персонала, ассортименту оказываемых услуг. Для улучшения ситуации предложены мероприятия по повышению конкурентоспособности ООО «ПЭК»: оказание дополнительных услуг для более полного удовлетворения потребностей покупателей; разработка систем материального поощрения и обучение персонала; расширение ассортимента транспортных услуг.
СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СБЫТОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ
ООО «ГРУППА РСМ»
Authors: Щедрова А. М.
Published: December 2022

Эффективная сбытовая политика является необходимым условием для повышения финансовых результатов деятельности и конкурентоспособности любого коммерческого предприятия. В статье представлены результаты анализа деятельности ООО «Группа РСМ». В работе проанализированы основные экономические показатели ООО «Группа РСМ», с помощью SWOT-анализа определены сильные и слабые стороны организации, ее возможности и угрозы со стороны внешней среды. По результатам проведенного анализа выявлена основная проблема предприятия – снижение прибыли. Предложены мероприятия по совершенствованию сбытовой политики, в частности, расширение рынка сбыта путем открытия новой торговой точки в городе Белогорске. Также предложено совершенствование маркетинговой деятельности предприятия, в результате технического обновления и оптимизации работы сайта, а также применения таргетированной рекламы Яндекс.
РАСШИРЕНИЕ РЫНКА СБЫТА ООО “АЛЬЯНС-КАРЕ 2003”
Authors: Ястребова М. А.
Published: December 2022

В статье проведен экономический и маркетинговый анализ ООО “Альянс-Каре 2003”, выявлены сильные и слабые стороны предприятия, его возможности и угрозы. На основе чего были определены основные проблемы предприятия и выбрана приоритетная – снижение чистой прибыли. Для решения приоритетной проблемы были сформулированы возможные пути развития предприятия в условиях пандемии COVID-19. С помощью экспертных оценок был выбран оптимальный вариант - расширение сбыта путем охвата нового сегмента потребителей. Для реализации данного варианта развития предприятия была поставлена цель и обозначены задачи, выполнение которых необходимо для достижения цели. Кроме этого, была определена потребность в необходимых ресурсах, составлен бюджет затрат на требуемые ресурсы и разработан календарный план, включающий в себя инициацию, планирование, реализацию и завершение проекта расширения рынка сбыта ООО «Альянс-Каре 2003».
FRAM ile Fizik Tedavi Hastanelerinde Psikososyal ve Ergonomik Risklerin Analizi
Authors: AYDIN Şeyhmus , CAN Emine , İLTAR Murat Ramazan , KARA Hüseyin Enis
Published: December 2022

Öz- Çalışma yaşamı sırasında iş çevresinin oluşturduğu çalışma ortamının çalışanın bedeni üzerine etkisi iş sağlığının temel etkenidir. Ergonomik risk faktörlerine maruz kalan çalışanların, fiziksel sağlıklarının korunabilmesi beden ve ruh sağlığının da korunabilmesi açısından önem arz eder. Psikososyal risk etmenleri ile fiziksel ve ergonomik etmenlerin kas ve iskelet sisteminin hem anatomisine hem da fizyolojisine doğrudan olumsuz bir etkisinin olduğu bilinmektedir. Kas ve iskelet sistemindeki fonksiyon bozukluklarının ortaya çıkışında ergonomik risk faktörlerinin yanı sıra psikososyal risklerin de etki ettiği yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. En az fiziksel, kimyasal, biyolojik ve ergonomik riskler için alınan sağlık ve güvenlik önlemleri kadar, buna bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan iş kazası ve meslek hastalıkları le alınırken psikososyal risk etmenleri de hesaba katılmalıdır. Alınacak ergonomik ve psikososyal önlemlerin sağlık sisteminin ana bileşenlerinden olan fizik tedavi hizmeti sunan personelin iş doyumunu ve iş yapma kapasitesini arttıracağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma için Anadolu’ da bulunan bir fizik tedavi ve araştırma hastanesi ile İstanbul’da bulunan özel bir fizik tedavi ve cerrahi tıp merkezindeki iş akışı süreçlerinde görev alan toplam 43 sağlık çalışanı ile yüz yüze yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Fizik tedavi hastanesi çalışanlarının çalışma süreçlerinde karşılaştığı zorlukların Fonksiyonel Rezonans Analiz Yöntemi (FRAM) ile analiz edilmesi ve süreçleri en uygun şekline getirmeye engel olan aşamaların tespiti ile hem iş akış süreçlerinin geliştirilmesine hem de süreçteki psikososyal risklerin azaltılmasına yönelik önerilerde bulunmak amaçlanmaktadır.
Magnetic Outbreak Associated with Exploding Granulations
Authors: Jin Chunlan , Zhou Guiping , Ruan Guiping , Baildon T. , Cao Wenda , Wang Jingxiu
Published: December 2022

Diagnosing the spatiotemporal pattern of magnetic flux on the Sun is vital for understanding the origin of solar magnetism and activity. Here, we report a new form of flux appearance, magnetic outbreak, using observations with an extremely high spatial resolution of 0.″16 from the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory. Magnetic outbreak refers to an early growth of unipolar magnetic flux and its later explosion into fragments, in association with plasma upflow and exploding granulations; each individual fragment has flux of 1016–1017 Mx, moving apart with a velocity of 0.5–2.2 km s−1. The magnetic outbreak takes place in the hecto-Gauss region of pore moats. In this study, we identify six events of magnetic outbreak during 6 hr observations over an approximately 40″ × 40″ field of view. The newly discovered magnetic outbreak might be the first evidence of the long-anticipated convective blowup.
Food porn et iconophagie : une archéologie
Authors: Leplatre Olivier
Published: December 2022

En partant d’un récent spot publicitaire d’Ikea, il s’agira de remonter à la façon dont le XVIIe siècle a saisi ou repris la question de la manducation des images. On examinera les conditions, historiques et esthétiques, dans lesquelles peinture et cuisine ont conduit des artistes à expérimenter des premières formes d’Eat art. Les nouvelles scénographies du repas combinées à une interrogation sur la réalité de la peinture ont ainsi participé à la construction d’un « partage du sensible » (Jacques Rancière) faisant de l’image le foyer, problématique et fécond, d’un nouveau rapport aux sens.
Recours aux soins dentaires au Liban : de la perception vers la réalité
Authors: Daou Dany , Josseran Loïc , Saliba Christiane
Published: December 2022

Introduction : En termes de santé publique, les déterminants du recours aux soins buccodentaires sont rarement documentés. Or, leur maitrise est essentielle pour l’établissement d’une prévention efficace. Objectifs : L’objectif principal de notre étude est d’étudier les perceptions, les attitudes, les représentations sociales et les facteurs déterminant le comportement de recours aux soins buccodentaires de la population libanaise au sein de deux gouvernorats, Beyrouth et le Mont-Liban. La méthode suit une approche qualitative descriptive. Des entretiens exploratoires semi-dirigés ont été menés auprès de 20 bénéficiaires et sept dentistes. Les données ont été analysées thématiquement en plusieurs étapes selon le modèle de Kreuter et Green. Résultats : Les résultats de notre étude ont montré que plusieurs facteurs entravent le recours aux soins buccodentaires. Le manque de connaissances sur la relation entre santé dentaire et santé générale, les perceptions négatives des patients envers la prévention et la dentisterie ainsi que les aspects financiers restent les facteurs principaux qui entravent le recours aux soins dentaires. D’autre part, l’amélioration de l’éducation sanitaire, le changement de perceptions du dentiste ainsi que la couverture des frais ou le remboursement seraient des facteurs qui favoriseraient le recours. Conclusion : Le non-recours aux soins dentaires demeure un problème de santé publique majeur dans un pays en cours de développement comme le Liban. Si l’impact sur la santé dentaire est considérable, il l’est également sur l’état de santé générale de la population avec toutes ses conséquences sur un système de santé national très fragilisé.
Perception des acteurs de l’approche « Une Seule Santé » de la sécurité sanitaire mondiale au Bénin
Authors: Sodjinou Vincent Dossou , Ayelo Ahoumènou Paul , Houngnihin Roch Appollinaire , Dona Ouendo Edgard-Marius
Published: December 2022

Introduction : La perception des ressources humaines est indispensable pour leur engagement dans le renforcement de la sécurité sanitaire. L’étude a analysé la perception des acteurs de l’approche « une seule santé » sur la sécurité sanitaire mondiale au Bénin. Méthode : L’étude est qualitative, transversale et quantitative. L’échantillonnage non probabiliste et le choix raisonné ont été utilisés. Des entretiens individuels et en groupes ont ciblé 55 acteurs. L’analyse de contenu a permis d’opérer des regroupements thématiques. Résultats : Les enquêtés avaient une bonne connaissance des menaces (73 %), des événements (59 %) et des mécanismes d’information (68 %). L’environnement de la sécurité sanitaire était caractérisé par l’absence d’un mécanisme intégré de partage d’information, une collaboration épisodique et déséquilibrée, une différence entre le niveau d’organisation des secteurs, avec la santé perçue comme mieux organisée par 92 % des enquêtés. L’environnement est présenté comme le secteur nécessitant des renforcements majeurs. L’implication des communautés est aussi épisodique. Les secteurs étaient dépendants des partenaires. La communauté n’était pas associée à la définition des priorités et manquait d’engagement pour la sécurité sanitaire. Le volet réglementaire est insuffisant et aucune loi ne consacre le règlement sanitaire international comme référentiel. Pour 60 % des enquêtés, la sécurité sanitaire était une réalité au Bénin, et 21 % en étaient satisfaits. Les enquêtés avaient une bonne perception de la sécurité sanitaire et de ses enjeux au Bénin. Conclusion : Le renforcement de la législation et de la multisectorialité est nécessaire pour l’amélioration de la sécurité sanitaire au Bénin.
Mixing times for two classes of stochastically modeled reaction networks
Authors: Anderson David F. , Kim Jinsu
Published: December 2022

The past few decades have seen robust research on questions regarding the existence, form, and properties of stationary distributions of stochastically modeled reaction networks. When a stochastic model admits a stationary distribution an important practical question is: what is the rate of convergence of the distribution of the process to the stationary distribution? With the exception of [1] pertaining to models whose state space is restricted to the non-negative integers, there has been a notable lack of results related to this rate of convergence in the reaction network literature. This paper begins the process of filling that hole in our understanding. In this paper, we characterize this rate of convergence, via the mixing times of the processes, for two classes of stochastically modeled reaction networks. Specifically, by applying a Foster-Lyapunov criteria we establish exponential ergodicity for two classes of reaction networks introduced in [2]. Moreover, we show that for one of the classes the convergence is uniform over the initial state.
Quality evaluation of digital voice assistants for the management of mental health conditions
Authors: Chua Vanessa Kai Lin , Wong Li Lian , Yap Kevin Yi-Lwern
Published: December 2022

Background

Digital voice assistants (DVAs) are gaining increasing popularity as a tool for accessing online mental health information. However, the quality of information provided by DVAs is not known. This study seeks to evaluate the quality of DVA responses to mental health-related queries in relation to six quality domains: comprehension ability, relevance, comprehensiveness, accuracy, understandability and reliability.

Materials and methods

Four smartphone DVAs were evaluated: Apple Siri, Samsung Bixby, Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa. Sixty-six questions and answers on mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and bipolar disorder) were compiled from authoritative sources, clinical guidelines and public search trends. Three evaluators scored the DVAs from an in-house-developed evaluation rubric. Data were analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests.

Results

Across all questions, Google Assistant scored the highest (78.9%), while Alexa scored the lowest (64.5%). Siri (83.9%), Bixby (87.7%) and Google Assistant (87.4%) scored the best for questions on depression, while Alexa (72.3%) scored the best for OCD questions. Bixby scored the lowest for questions on general mental health (0%) and OCD (0%) compared to all other DVAs. In terms of the quality domains, Google Assistant scored significantly higher for comprehension ability compared to Siri (100% versus 88.9%, p < 0.001) and Bixby (100% versus 94.5%, p < 0.001). Moreover, Google Assistant also scored significantly higher than Siri (100% versus 66.7%, p < 0.001) and Alexa (100% versus 75.0%, p < 0.001) in terms of relevance. In contrast, Alexa scored the worst in terms of accuracy (75.0%), reliability (58.3%) and comprehensiveness (22.2%) compared to all other DVAs.

Conclusion

Overall, Google Assistant performed the best in terms of responding to the mental health-related queries, while Alexa performed the worst. While the comprehension abilities of the DVAs were good, the DVAs had differing performances in the other quality domains. The responses by DVAs should be supplemented with other information from authoritative sources, and users should seek the help and advice of a healthcare professional when managing their mental health conditions.
A combined treatment of Proteinase K and biosynthesized ZnO-NPs for eradication of dairy biofilm of sporeformers
Authors: Radwan Ahmed A. , Darwesh Osama M. , Emam Maha T. , Mohamed Karima A. , Shady Hala M. Abu
Published: December 2022

Biofilms of sporeformers found in the dairy industry are the major contaminants during processing, as they withstand heat and chemical treatment that are used to control microbes. The present work is aimed to remove these resistant forms of bacterial community (biofilm) present in dairy production lines using ecofriendly agents based on proteinase K (Prot-K) coupled with Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Some metal/metal oxide (Ag, CuO and ZnO) NPs were prepared microbially, and ZnO-NPs were characterized as the most effective ones among them. The produced ZnO-NPs were 15–25 nm in size with spherical shape, and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of proteins and alkanes surrounding particles as capping agents. Application of Prot-K for eradication (removal) of a model biofilm of mixed sporeformers on food-grade stainless steel resulted in an 83% reduction in the absorbance of crystal violet-stained biofilm. When Prot-K was mixed with the biosynthesized NPs ZnO_G240, the reduction increased to 99.19%. This finding could contribute to an efficient cleaning approach combined with CIP to remove the recalcitrant biofilms in dairy production lines.
Estimated medical costs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection classified by polymerase chain reaction-based open reading frame typing in Japan
Authors: Shoji Tomokazu , Muto Ryusei , Sakai Ryoko , Matsumura Hiroki , Uchida Takashi , Kitta Fumihiko , Inoue Osamu , Kawata Keishi , Akazawa Manabu
Published: December 2022

This retrospective, observational cohort study investigated the economic impact of genotype by classifying methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by using the polymerase chain reaction-based open reading frame typing (POT) method. Using administrative claims and bacteriological data for April 2016 to March 2021 from the University of Yamanashi Hospital, we ascertained the POT1 numbers and classified MRSA as either “hospital-derived” or “community-derived”. We defined MRSA-associated medical practices and estimated the associated medical costs. After applying inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-based adjustment for patient characteristics between the two groups, we estimated the differences in medical costs during the “total therapy period” (defined as the interval from specimen submission to Day 42 after the susceptibility report) and the “definitive therapy period” (defined as the interval from susceptibility reporting to Day 42). Among the 135 MRSA-infected patients, 54 and 81 were classified as having hospital-derived and community-derived MRSA infections, respectively. Significant differences in patient characteristics were observed with regard to age (p = 0.0478), sex (p = 0.0422), surgery (p = 0.0349), chemotherapy (p = 0.0457) and immunosuppressive drug use (p = 0.0222). The median duration of the definitive therapy was 29 and 27 days, and the mortality rate during this period was 11% and 5% for the hospital-derived and community-derived types, respectively. After IPTW-based adjustment, the medical costs for the total therapy period were 324,480 and 296,462 Japanese yen (JPY) per patient for the hospital-derived and community-derived types, respectively, whereas the medical costs for the definitive therapy period were 279,635 and 256,542 JPY per patient for the hospital-derived and community-derived types, respectively. No statistically significant difference was detected (p = 0.5813 and p = 0.6355, respectively). In this study, MRSA healthcare costs were compared according to the POT scores, and no statistically significant differences were observed between hospital-derived and community-derived MRSA infections.
Serum hypomagnesemia is associated with febrile seizures in young children
Authors: Mohamed Zakaria Ahmed , Tang Chunjiao , Thokerunga Erick , Jimale Ali Omar , Fan Jingyi
Published: December 2022

Background

Febrile seizures (FS) frequently manifest in children below 5 years of age. Although the exact etiology is still unknown, genetic predisposition, changes in neurotransmitter levels, and serum electrolyte imbalance are some of the known risk factors. This study examined the possible association between serum magnesium levels in children with FS compared to febrile children without seizures.

Methods

A retrospective case-control study was conducted from February 2019 to January 2021, recruiting 230 age and gender-matched cases and controls (115 each). Extracted data were analyzed using SPSS using an independent student's t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation analysis.

Results

The mean serum magnesium levels were 0.93 ± 0.129 vs 0.97 ± 0.0961; p < 0.001, between cases and controls respectively. Similarly, hypomagnesemia (<0.85 mmol/L) was detected in 26.1% and 8.7% of the cases and controls, respectively; p < 0.001. A significant negative correlation was found between serum magnesium levels and the occurrence of febrile seizures; r = [−0.169], p < 0.05.

Conclusion

Serum magnesium was significantly low in febrile children with seizures compared to those without, and hypomagnesemia was associated with the occurrence of febrile seizures. These results portray hypomagnesemia as a possible risk factor for febrile seizure, and so should be validated in future large cohort studies so that guidelines are set for proper management of these children.
On Experimental Confirmation of Quantum Physics
Authors: RA Young-Sik , KIM Yoon-Ho
Published: December 2022

In 1935, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) argued that (then new) quantum mechanics was incomplete. At the heart of EPR’s paradox was the strange non-local nature of an entangled state which allowed EPR to simultaneously assign local values for position and momentum of a particle. In 1964, John Bell proposed an inequality (Bell’s inequality) that must be satisfied by any local realistic theory. The experimental confirmation of quantum physics, i.e., the experimental test of Bell’s inequality, required a pair of particles in an entangled state. The experiments first performed in the early 1970s, followed by a series of experiments until now, have confirmed the violation of Bell’s inequality, strongly implying that local realistic descriptions of nature are not consistent with experimental observations. The early simplistic view of entanglement has now been significantly expanded to include mixed states and multiple particles. Moreover, theoretical and experimental studies on the nature of entanglement have led to quantum information science where entanglement is an essential resource. In this article, we briefly review the early experiments on Bell’s inequality and experimental attempts to close “loopholes” as well as some key experiments on quantum information.
¿Se acumula capital social en Asia Oriental con el uso de las redes sociales? Inferencia causal estadística con datos del Asian Barometer Survey
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuro , Madrid-Morales Dani
Published: December 2022

Los primeros estudios experimentales sobre el uso de Internet revelaron un efecto negativo de este sobre la acumulación de capital social. Desde entonces, muchos estudios han identificado efectos positivos. Estos resultados poco concluyentes se deben a la diversidad de usos de Internet, la ambigüedad conceptual del término ‘capital social’, la falta de estudios sobre diferentes culturas, y las limitaciones metodológicas de la inferencia causal. En este estudio, aplicamos inferencia causal estadística a datos del Asian Barometer Survey para estudiar si el uso de las redes sociales para conectar con otras personas incrementa el capital social en cuatro países y territorios de Asia Oriental. Hallamos resultados dispares, sin efectos claramente positivos en el impacto del uso de las redes sociales sobre la participación en asociaciones y la confianza en general. En cambio, vemos que el uso de las redes sociales incrementa el tamaño de la red interpersonal de forma bastante consistente. También analizamos las repercusiones de estos resultados.
Capital social y compromiso cívico: una nueva exploración de la tesis del círculo virtuoso
Authors: Mateos Araceli , Inguanzo Isabel , Gil De Zúñiga Homero
Published: December 2022

Durante décadas, la literatura de las ciencias sociales ha mantenido la tesis teórica del círculo virtuoso entre el capital social y el compromiso cívico. Este trabajo trata de arrojar evidencia empírica sobre la vigencia de esta tesis teórica. Sustentado en dos concepciones teóricas de capital social (una centrada en la confianza interpersonal y la otra en la existencia de redes comunitarias) y utilizando datos panel (tres olas) de una muestra de población de Estados Unidos, este estudio aplica un panel de correlación con ecuaciones estructurales para comprobar las posibles relaciones recíprocas entre estos dos fenómenos a lo largo del tiempo. Los resultados muestran que no existe una relación simétrica entre estos dos fenómenos, sino que el efecto del compromiso cívico sobre el capital social es más fuerte y consistente que el efecto contrario. Así, independientemente del tipo de medición de capital social, el compromiso cívico antecede al capital social de una manera más consistente que en el sentido inverso.
Folk Intuitions about Reference Change and the Causal Theory of Reference
Authors: Koch Steffen , Wiegmann Alex
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we present and discuss the findings of two experiments about reference change. Cases of reference change have sometimes been invoked to challenge traditional versions of semantic externalism, but the relevant cases have never been tested empirically. The experiments we have conducted use variants of the famous Twin Earth scenario to test folk intuitions about whether natural kind terms such as ‘water’ or ‘salt’ switch reference after being constantly (mis)applied to different kinds. Our results indicate that this is indeed so. We argue that this finding is evidence against Saul Kripke’s causal-historical view of reference, and at least provisional evidence in favor of the causal source view of reference as suggested by Gareth Evans and Michael Devitt.
Gender Fictionalism
Authors: Logue Heather
Published: December 2022

This paper develops a proposal about the metaphysics of gender by focusing on the question, what is it to be a woman? In recent years, the view that it is a matter of self-identifying as a woman has become increasingly popular outside of philosophical circles. Metaphysicians of gender generally regard this kind of view as hopeless, but it is the only kind of view that accommodates the strongest form of first-person authority (FPA) over gender.This inquiry into the nature of gender is an ameliorative one, which takes the aim of securing the strongest form of FPA as its starting point. The main goal of this paper is to show that a self-identification account of gender can be made philosophically respectable, despite conventional wisdom to the contrary—if we embrace fictionalism about gender discourse.In Section 1, I will outline the belief condition (a specific version of a self-identification account of gender), and detail several seemingly insurmountable objections to it. In Section 2, I will motivate the search for an account that accommodates the strongest form of FPA. In Section 3, I will outline fictionalism about gender discourse and explain how it can address the objections to the belief condition. In Section 4, I will flesh out some key details of gender fictionalism. In Section 5, I will outline and respond to a family of serious objections, to the effect that gender fictionalism trivializes gender. Section 6 briefly considers the question of whether we should do away with the “gender fiction”.
Assertion, Implicature, and Iterated Knowledge
Authors: Haziza Eliran
Published: December 2022

The present paper argues that there is a knowledge norm for conversational implicature: one may conversationally implicate p only if one knows p. Linguistic data about the cancellation behavior of implicatures and the ways they are challenged and criticized by speakers is presented to support the thesis. The knowledge norm for implicature is then used to present a new consideration in favor of the KK thesis. It is argued that if implicature and assertion have knowledge norms, then assertion requires not only knowledge but iterated knowledge: knowing that you know that you know that . . . you know. Such a condition on permissible assertion is argued to be plausible only if the KK thesis is true.
Is All Phenomenology Presentational?
Authors: Forrest Peter V.
Published: December 2022

This paper is about two questions in contemporary philosophy of mind, which I call the Scope Question and the Marks Question. The Scope Question is this: What kinds of mental states (events or processes) have phenomenal character, and how many different kinds of phenomenal character are there? The Marks Question is this: What are the distinguishing “marks” of the phenomenal, in virtue of which a mental state, event, or process counts as being phenomenally conscious? To make progress on these questions and explore the relationship between the two, I narrow my focus to a particular instance of each, viz. the (scope) question of whether thoughts possess their own phenomenal character and the (marks) question of whether all phenomenal character is presentational. First, I argue that a phenomenology of entertaining thought content, if it exists, is non-presentational. I then argue from the fact that every genuine phenomenal property can be thought about using a phenomenal concept, to the conclusion that all phenomenology is presentational. One implication is that a (standard form of) transparent, proprietary phenomenology of thought does not exist.
Unity and Application
Authors: Hall Geoffrey
Published: December 2022

Propositions represent the entities from which they are formed. This fact has puzzled philosophers and some have put forward radical proposals in order to explain it. This paper develops a primitivist account of the representational properties of propositions that centers on the operation of application. As we will see, this theory wins out over its competitors on grounds of strength, systematicity and unifying power.
Race and the Politics of Loss: Revisiting the Legacy of Emmett Till
Authors: Atkins Ashley
Published: December 2022

This paper explores the idea that mourning can help us to bear not only personal but also political losses. It focuses, in particular, on the proposal that legacies of racial loss and violence should be collectively mourned. I argue that Mamie Till Mobley was developing such a proposal in 1955, the year her son Emmett Till was lynched and in which she brought his body before all Americans, calling on them to look at it so that they might, together, say what they had seen. Mobley’s proposal challenges what I take to be the leading rival position on the relationship of grief to political life, namely, that it is, at best, a catalyst for the achievement of political ends. But as I argue, Mobley’s proposal also raises challenges for present-day efforts to articulate a politics of loss, which are quick to assume either that such losses cannot be mourned collectively or that they have always been ours to mourn together. I will argue that these efforts have failed to take into account the insight behind Mobley’s invitation. My aim, in clarifying its significance, is to expand philosophical inquiry into the relationship between the emotions and political life and, more specifically, to contribute to an evaluation of the prospects for a mournful politics.
Two Problems of Self-Blame for Accounts of Moral Standing
Authors: Fritz Kyle G. , Miller Daniel
Published: December 2022

Traditionally, those writing on blame have been concerned with blaming others, including when one has the standing to blame others. Yet some alleged problems for such accounts of standing arise when we focus on self-blame. First, if hypocrites lack the standing to blame others, it might seem that they also lack the standing to blame themselves. But this would lead to a bootstrapping problem, wherein hypocrites can only regain standing by doing that which they lack the standing to do. Second, in addition to hypocrites, there may be hypercrites, who blame themselves more severely than others. Leading accounts for why hypocrites lack standing to blame others would also seem to imply that hypercrites lack the standing to blame others, but some may find this counterintuitive. We argue that neither of these problems from self-blame poses a unique threat to leading accounts of standing.
Anne Conway’s Atemporal Account of Agency
Authors: Sample Hope
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to resolve an unremarked-upon tension between Anne Conway’s commitment to the moral responsibility of created beings, or creatures, and her commitment to emanative, constant creation. Emanation causation has an atemporal aspect according to which God’s act of will coexists with its effect. There is no before or after, or past or future, in God’s causal contribution. Additionally, Conway’s constant creation picture has it that all times are determined via divine emanation. Creaturely agency, by contrast, is fundamentally temporal, occurring successively over time. It is unclear how creatures can count as emanative causes, which coexists with its effect, given that their agency is limited by time, proceeding from before to after, or past to future. Conway’s account of divine justice in the progress of time, however, requires that creatures are causally responsible. That is, moral responsibility requires causal responsibility. I propose that Conway’s distinction between vital motion and local motion enables a resolution of the tension. Vital motion contributes an atemporal aspect to creaturely agency so that creatures can count as secondary emanative causes.
Imprecise Credences and Acceptance
Authors: Lennertz Benjamin
Published: December 2022

Elga (2010) argues that no plausible decision rule governs action with imprecise credences. I follow Moss (2015a) in claiming that the solution to Elga’s challenge is found in the philosophy of mind, not in devising a special new decision rule. Moss suggests that in decision situations that involve imprecise credences, we must identify with a precise credence, but she says little about identification. By reflecting on the common conception of identification and on what is necessary for Moss’s solution to succeed, I argue that identifying with a precise credence is fundamentally accepting (in the sense of Bratman 1992; Cohen 1989) a proposition about probabilities. The norm on action with imprecise credences is then a special case of the general norm on action and acceptance. I delineate a number of attractive features of this position.
Virtual Exchange Collaborative Practices Using Project and Research-Based Learning
Authors: Bowyer Dorothea Maria , Rokos Constantina , Khan Freeda Bukhari , Malik Khalida
Published: December 2022

This chapter makes a case for the importance of virtual exchange (VE) and collaborative, online, international learning (COIL) to develop intercultural and global competencies. The auto-ethnographic reflections and participant observations illustrate a COIL-RBL and VE-PBL study conducted in Australia and Germany. The authors offer lessons learned and provide insights into pandemic teaching that appropriate pedagogical concepts underpinning future competence building. Learning how to foster a sense of community through technological use is vital for transforming the pandemic push into the post-pandemic new norm. Accepting that online collaboration in intercultural settings is demanding creates a sense of urgency to adapt the future design of teaching and learning strategies that embed institutional, professional, and student capacities.
The Design of Design
Authors: Sagnip Hope , Cui Yameng , Rubart Debra A. , Vallera Farah L.
Published: December 2022

The assembly-line, business-as-usual model of education has changed very little in the past 100 years. Unfortunately, teachers still lecture and are often the center of learning, while students still passively listen with limited experiential opportunities. Online learning environments often follow this format as well, which is problematic for adult learners who are looking for choice, community, and engaging learning environments. This chapter will discuss the creation and use of a choose-your-own-adventure learning pathway model designed to give adult students the freedom of choice and authentic, experiential opportunities in an online graduate instructional design course. The authors will discuss the importance of constructivist learning, making engaging learning environments, and meeting the needs of graduate student learners from the perspective of teacher/designer and student/participant before offering suggestions for the redesign of adult online curriculum.
Exploring Faculty Experiences With Technology-Supported Collaboration in College Classrooms
Authors: Massey Cynthia C. , Smithey Montana , Cha Heung-Joo , Kim Jackie HeeYoung
Published: December 2022

This chapter seeks to offer detailed pedagogical information on using technology tools to help students collaborate to achieve their learning goals, and will present empirical insights of faculty experiences, perceptions, and expectations, which will help others see how technology tools have been instrumental for student collaboration in college classrooms and how faculty members conceptualize the integration of technology into curriculum. Throughout this chapter, the authors summarized the strategies and offer overarching guidelines for using collaborative teaching methods to improve motivation and learning in the classroom.
Virtual Reality Technology and Its Implications for the Future of Education
Authors: Salifu Shani , Torres Kelly M.
Published: December 2022

This chapter looks into the future of education to see if there are chances of virtual reality (VR) technologies becoming a driving force in future teaching and learning. The chapter provides an explanation of education with focus on the purposes and ends they are designed to achieve. The chapter examines how some institutions are currently using VR technologies and the impact they are having on institutional learning, efficiency, and cost. The authors use these discussions to project that education could have a very productive future with the use of VR technologies. They make this argument while staying conscious of cost as a factor that could impede the speedy and effective adoption of this technology unless ways are found to navigate these factors.
Asynchronous Learning in an English Classroom
Authors: Perinpasingam P. Thivilojana , Krishnan Sujatha
Published: December 2022

This chapter presents synthesized insights from varied literature focusing on using an online discussion task to promote critical thinking skills from their participation in an asynchronous collaborative learning management site. This platform offers online discussion boards that are designed to foster social interaction virtually. Foo and Quek (2019) highlighted that online discussion tasks do support collaborative learning and higher-order thinking skills. Data were gathered from students through a survey, and a content analysis was carried out using Bloom's taxonomy model to determine the presence of critical thinking in the messages posted online. The findings affirm that students' written reflections promote critical thinking skills.
Collaborative Critical Inquiry
Authors: Chadha Anita
Published: December 2022

The author used data from an e-collaboration during a COVID-19 semester across two geographic regions of the country to examine whether collaborative-based learning is more effective than other expository instructional approaches. Findings revealed that students engaged in academically reflective peer-student interactions with each other irrespective of geographical location. This study concludes that online collaboration provided students with the means to identify, explore, and challenge each other's varied perspectives throughout the semester, a strategy to be used across varied disciplines during COVID-19 and beyond.
A Case Study on Online Learning Collaboration and Facilitation of a Virtual Classroom Community
Authors: Mthethwa-Sommers Shirley
Published: December 2022

The chapter draws from a case study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic with the purpose to examine effective ways of teaching online that engender collaboration among students and create a virtual classroom community. The findings reveal that factors such as planning intentionality, flexibility, collaboration, and meeting students' socio-emotional needs are fundamental to the development of a sense of community in online classrooms. The chapter enhances the understanding of effective online teaching practices.
Active Learning Strategies in the Flipped Classroom Approach
Authors: Algarni Badriah Mohammad
Published: December 2022

In the flipped classroom teaching approach, students can watch videos explaining the lesson topic at home and most of the class time is then free for hands-on activities. Since the classroom environment is an essential part of the successful implementation of the flipped classroom approach, it is important to create a learning environment which supports different forms of active learning strategies, collaboration and higher-order thinking skills. This chapter explores a wide range of active learning techniques that can be implemented in flipped classroom teaching instruction. Focusing on practices, the chapter also draws attention to the crucial role of the teacher have in facilitating such activities, as well as looking at the positive influence that active learning strategies in the flipped classroom environment can have on students' learning, engagement, achievement, and positive attitudes toward learning.
Teacher-Student Interaction Within the Context of Online Teaching and Learning
Authors: Bağrıacık Yılmaz Ayşe
Published: December 2022

The teacher-student interaction is an important component in both face-to-face and distance education. In online teaching and learning, where students are physically separated from their friends, teachers, and school environment, the teacher-student interaction gains even more importance. While this interaction is important, it is also difficult to maintain. Teachers who can establish very good interactions in face-to-face education may have difficulties in online teaching. For this reason, it is necessary to educate both teachers and pre-service teachers on teacher-student interactions in online teaching. In this study, 27 articles on student-teacher interactions in online teaching in the Web of Science database were examined. As a result, the factors associated with student-teacher interactions in online teaching were determined. In addition, a guide is included in the study so that teachers can create a better interaction with students in online teaching. Finally, suggestions on what can be done about online teacher-student interactions in teacher education are presented.
Developing Effective Teacher-Student Relationships in Virtual Courses
Authors: DeBruler Kristen , Harrington Christopher
Published: December 2022

This chapter explores the importance of developing positive teacher-student relationships as a mechanism to increase student engagement in virtual courses. Responses from 1,721 virtual teachers and 88 virtual program administrators were collected and analyzed. Results indicated that virtual teachers employed several strategies to build teacher-student relationships and that student engagement was a persistent challenge among even experienced virtual teachers. Further, results from administrators indicated that administrators play a critical role in supporting teachers and providing resources and recommendations for virtual teachers. The chapter concludes by providing specific recommendations for both virtual teachers and administrators on how to foster positive teacher-student relationships.
The Virtual Art Lab
Authors: Sousa Catarina Carneiro de , Figueiredo Sofia , Souto-e-Melo Ana Luísa
Published: December 2022

This chapter discusses the art learning experience in Metaverse, the virtual art lab, conducted entirely online. The authors aim to understand the potentialities of mediated art teaching. It analyses two art projects carried out by higher education students, The Virtual Garden of Time and [D]Utopia, where virtual environments and avatars were designed in a 3D simulator. The process of learning and designing artworks is considered, and a student survey was analyzed, in order to determine advantages and limitations of using creative collaborative environments in art teaching. The authors found that the Metaverse can be an excellent opportunity for students to develop creative, technical, conceptual, and collaborative skills.
The Motivational Features of Digital Math Curricula
Authors: Bowman Margaret A. , Xie Kui , Hawk Nathan A.
Published: December 2022

With technology increasingly prevalent in schools, it is critical that pre-service teachers learn how to select and use technological resources, such as digital curriculum, to support student motivation and learning. By presenting a framework that maps certain digital mathematics curriculum features onto specific motivational factors, this book chapter provides guidance for teacher education programs to select and adopt digital curricula that not only supports content learning but also promotes students' motivation for learning. To build the theory, the authors conducted an exploratory case study, examining the use of a specific digital mathematics curriculum in a middle school classroom. Results demonstrate that authenticity can aid student motivation, but culturally relevant pedagogy is also needed; interactivity can support motivation and engagement, but interactions should target students' conceptual knowledge; easy to use curriculum supports learning, but should also be easily incorporated with a learning management system.
Criticality and Sustainability in the Philippine Education Virtual Engagements
Authors: Salayo Juland Dayo
Published: December 2022

With the shift of instructions, this chapter presents how pandemic has hugely affected the learning quality of Filipino learners. With those academic challenges, classroom practices were innovated to address the learners' needs through critical pedagogy (CP). Initially, the “stories of the people” were used as instructional tools because of their impact on the learners as victims of learning oppression. These “stories” centered on the country's resiliency in addressing the pandemic issues such as education and health readiness, food security, and equality to basic services. Critical approaches, such as the community-based, inquiry-based, problem-based, and reflective approaches, were employed to convert people's stories into new knowledge. Besides CP, the UN's Sustainable Development Goals serves as a new reference to strengthen criticality. These goals are more explicit for the learners to shape a humanized world. Hence, integrating criticality and sustainability can better serve Philippine basic education in achieving social justice to break oppression, and marginalization.