bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Akupunktur versus krankheitsmodifizierende Antirheumatika in der Behandlung der ankylosierenden Spondylitis - eine Metaanalyse
Authors: Lv Zheng-tao , Zhou Xiang , Chen An-min
Published: March 2016

Hintergrund: Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Effektivität und Sicherheit von Akupunktur im Vergleich zu krankheitsmodifizierenden Antirheumatika (DMARDs) in der Behandlung der ankylosierenden Spondylitis (AS). Methodik: Die Recherche wurde im Dezember 2014 in den Datenbanken Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane library und ISI Web of Science durchgeführt. Die Referenzen der jeweiligen Studien wurden ebenfalls berücksichtigt. Randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCT), die die Effektivität der Akupunktur in der Behandlung der AS untersuchten, wurden identifiziert. In der Outcome-Analyse sollten klinische Wirksamkeit, Hinterkopf-Wand-Abstand, Thoraxdehnung, Finger-Boden-Abstand sowie die BSG und der CRP-Wert untersucht werden. Sechs Studien erfüllten unsere Einschlusskriterien. Zwei Autoren haben die ausgewählten Studien unabhängig voneinander analysiert und waren blind für die Ergebnisse des jeweils anderen. Ergebnisse: Wir haben Daten von 541 Patienten in sechs RCTs analysiert. Im Vergleich zu einer Behandlung mit DMARDs konnte der klinische Effekt mit Akupunktur verbessert (OR = 3,01; 95% CI 1,48-6,13; P = 0,002) und die BSG gesenkt (SMD = -0,77; 95% CI -1,46 bis -0,08; P = 0,03) werden. Eine kombinierte Therapie mit Akupunktur und DMARDs konnte den klinischen Effekt (OR = 3,20, 95% CI 1,36-7,54; P = 0,008), Hinterkopf-Wand-Abstand (SMD = -0,84; 95% CI, -1,37 bis -0,31; P = 0,002), Thoraxdehnung (SMD = 0,38; 95% CI 0,16-0,60; P = 0,0009) sowie Finger-Boden-Abstand (SMD = -0,48; 95% CI -0,87 bis -0,09; P = 0,02) im Vergleich zur Therapie mit DMARDs allein verbessern. Schlussfolgerung: Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Akupunktur die AS-Symptomatik lindern konnte. Die Ergebnisse sollten allerdings wegen der suboptimalen Methodik der einbezogenen Studien mit Vorsicht interpretiert werden.
The Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor p.E318K Mutation Does Not Play a Major Role in Sporadic Renal Cell Tumors from Caucasian Patients
Authors: Stoehr Christine G. , Walter Bernhard , Denzinger Stefan , Ghiorzo Paola , Sturm Richard A. , Hinze Raoul , Moch Holger , Junker Kerstin , Hartmann Arndt , Stoehr Robert
Published: March 2016

Objective: The transcription factor MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) is known to induce expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1-α), which is involved in renal carcinogenesis. The MITF p.E318K mutation leads to deficient SUMOylation of MITF, resulting in enhanced activation of its target genes. A case-control study on melanoma patients who coincidentally were affected by renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has revealed an elevated risk for mutation carriers to be affected by one or both of these malignancies, suggesting a possible role for MITF p.E318K in renal carcinogenesis. The same study described an MITF mutation frequency of 1.5% in a small cohort of sporadic RCC, but comprehensive data on sporadic renal cell tumors are missing. We therefore tested a large cohort of sporadic renal tumors for MITF p.E318K mutation status. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 426 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sporadic renal tumors that had been graded according to the 2004 WHO classification of renal tumors and staged according to the 2002 TNM classification. The tumor cohort was enriched with papillary and chromophobe RCC, and also contained benign oncocytomas. DNA was tested for MITF p.E318K by pyrosequencing. Results: Of 403 analyzable tumors, 402 renal tumors were wild-type ones, and only 1 case showed the MITF p.E318K mutation. This tumor was a clear-cell RCC (pT3b N0 M0 G3 according to the TNM classification 2002). The affected patient was male, 61 years old, and had no known coexisting malignancies. Conclusion: The MITF p.E318K mutation does not appear to play a major role in sporadic RCC carcinogenesis, but is possibly restricted to a rare subpopulation of inherited RCC.
Individual Health Management - A Comprehensive Lifestyle Counselling Programme for Health Promotion, Disease Prevention and Patient Education
Authors: Melchart Dieter , Eustachi Axel , Wellenhofer-Li Yanqing , Doerfler Wolfgang , Bohnes Evelin
Published: March 2016

Background: Epidemiological data shows globally increasing numbers of obesity and stress-related diseases. In this article, a comprehensive medical lifestyle modification programme - called Individual Health Management (IHM) - is described in detail and discussed as a promising tool to individually manage and reverse such negative health trends in patients. Methods: The IHM programme is based on a blended learning concept. It comprises a 12-week basic training phase, followed by a 9-month maintenance phase, and includes the following key features: 1) web-based and physician-led health screenings; 2) a structured 12-week basic training with a core curriculum providing tuition in behavioural self-management strategies for weight loss and stress reduction; 3) weekly supervised group sessions during the core curriculum; 4) tailoring of materials, strategies and lifestyle goals; 5) continuous self-monitoring and feedback of the achieved progress; 6) regular contact with physicians or health professionals based on either face-to-face or distant lifestyle counselling; 7) recurrent one-day health seminars to ensure the sustainability of obtained results. Conclusions: IHM is a multi-component lifestyle intervention programme to increase physical activity, to reduce calorie intake and to practice both self and stress management. Individual care, group support and a tailored web-based programme blend to achieve the desired goals. A randomised control study to evaluate IHM's effects on weight control is currently being conducted.
The Effects of Arsenic Trioxide in Combination with Retinoic Acids on Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines
Authors: Beyer Marc , Vandersee Staffan , Cosagarea Ioana , Touba Rachid , Möbs Markus , Assaf Chalid
Published: March 2016

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are characterized by an infiltration of the skin with malignant T cells. Curative treatments for aggressive entities such as Sézary syndrome have not been identified yet. Arsenic trioxide (AsO3) is used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in combination with retinoids. As the latter are established treatment options in CTCL, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of AsO3 for mono- and combination therapy in vitro. Analyses for apoptosis, cell cycle inhibition, cytotoxicity and cell viability were made after incubation of CTCL cells with AsO3 alone or in combination with the retinoids all-trans-retinoic acid or bexarotene. While AsO3 induced apoptosis, retinoids did not at the time point of analysis. However, retinoids strongly reduced cell viability. Due to the efficient apoptosis induction, AsO3 might be a potentially suitable agent for CTCL treatment, although this effect was not increased by retinoids.
The Effect of Prior Caffeine Consumption on Neuropsychological Test Performance: A Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Walters Elizabeth R. , Lesk Valerie E.
Published: March 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the prior consumption of 200 mg of pure caffeine affected neuropsychological test scores in a group of elderly participants aged over 60 years. Method: Using a double-blind placebo versus caffeine design, participants were randomly assigned to receive 200 mg of caffeine or placebo. A neuropsychological assessment testing the domains of general cognitive function, processing speed, semantic memory, episodic memory, executive function, working memory and short-term memory was carried out. Results: Significant interaction effects between age, caffeine and scores of executive function and processing speed were found; participants who had received caffeine showed a decline in performance with increasing age. This effect was not seen for participants who received placebo. Conclusion: The results highlight the need to consider and control prior caffeine consumption when scoring neuropsychological assessments in the elderly, which is important for accuracy of diagnosis and corresponding normative data.
Differentiation between Phyllodes Tumors and Fibroadenomas Based on Mammographic Sonographic and MRI Features
Authors: Duman Lale , Gezer Naciye S. , Balcı Pınar , Altay Canan , Başara Işıl , Durak Merih G. , Sevinç Ali İ.
Published: March 2016

Background: This study was performed to compare the mammographic, sonographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of phyllodes tumors and fibroadenomas, which may resemble each other. Methods: Preoperative mammograms, B-mode and Doppler sonograms, and dynamic breast MRIs of 72 patients with pathologically proven fibroadenomas and 70 patients with pathologically proven phyllodes tumor were evaluated in this retrospective study. Statistical significance was evaluated using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Correlations in lesion size among radiological methods were examined by Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: The features that differed on mammogram were size, shape, and margin of the mass. Sonograms showed significant differences in size, shape, margin, echo pattern, and vascularization of the mass. Pearson's correlation analysis showed strong agreement among radiological methods in terms of assessment of size. Tumor size ≥ 3 cm, irregular shape, microlobulated margins, complex internal echo pattern, and hypervascularity were significant findings of phyllodes tumors. Internal cystic areas on MRI were frequently associated with phyllodes tumors. Conclusion: Mammographic, sonographic, and MRI findings of fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors could help radiologists to ascertain imaging-histological concordance and guide clinicians in their decision making regarding adequate follow-up or the necessity of biopsy.
miRNA-503 Promotes Tumor Progression and Is Associated with Early Recurrence and Poor Prognosis in Human Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Noguchi Tomofumi , Toiyama Yuji , Kitajima Takahito , Imaoka Hiroki , Hiro Junichiro , Saigusa Susumu , Tanaka Koji , Inoue Yasuhiro , Mohri Yasuhiko , Toden Shusuke , Kusunoki Masato
Published: March 2016

Objectives: MicroRNA (miR)-503 is downregulated in several cancers and plays a tumor-suppressive role in carcinogenesis. However, the miR-503 expression pattern, its clinical significance and its molecular mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been investigated. Methods: We analyzed miR-503 expression in normal mucosa (n = 20), adenoma (n = 27) and CRC (n = 20). We quantified miR-503 expression in an independent cohort (n = 191) and investigated the clinical significance of miR-503 in CRC. CRC cell lines were transfected with anti-miR-503 to assess its function and target gene. Results: miR-503 expression increased according to the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. High miR-503 expression was significantly associated with large tumor size, serosal invasion, lymphatic and venous invasion as well as lymph node metastasis. CRC patients with high miR-503 expression had significantly earlier relapse and poorer prognosis than those with low expression. miR-503 was an independent recurrence marker in stage I/II CRC. In vitro, attenuated miR-503 expression resulted in inhibition of proliferation, invasion and migration and acquisition of anoikis of CRC cells. The putative target gene (calcium-sensing receptor) was significantly upregulated after miR-503 attenuation. Conclusions: miR-503 acts as an ‘onco-miR' in CRC. High miR-503 expression is associated with early recurrence and poor prognosis in CRC.
Q787Q EGFR Polymorphism as a Prognostic Factor for Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Koh Young Wha , Kim Han Jo , Kwon Hyog Young , Han Jae-Ho , Lee Chi-Kyou , Lee Moon-Su , Kim Chang-Jin , Baek Moo-Jun , Jeong Dongjun
Published: March 2016

Objective: EGFR genetic polymorphisms have been investigated for carcinogenesis in various tumors including lung cancer. We evaluated EGFR mutations in four exons, with an emphasis on the Q787Q EGFR polymorphism in non-small-cell lung cancer. Methods: To determine the presence of the Q787Q polymorphism in patients with lung cancer, we performed direct sequencing analyses of four exons for 83 squamous cell carcinomas and 80 adenocarcinomas untreated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Results: The Q787Q EGFR polymorphism was more frequently detected in squamous cell carcinoma patients than in adenocarcinoma patients (24 vs. 15.9%). The group of patients with the Q787Q EGFR polymorphism included more males and heavy smokers compared with other patient groups. The presence of the Q787Q EGFR polymorphism significantly and negatively affected the overall survival rate among patients with non-small-cell carcinoma (p = 0.011), particularly those with squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.037). Among stage I and II squamous cell carcinoma patients, those with the Q787Q EGFR polymorphism had a poor prognosis (p = 0.032). Conclusions: The Q787Q EGFR polymorphism allows stratifying lung squamous cell carcinoma patients and could be an independent prognostic marker, particularly among those in stages I and II.
Early Prediction of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Using Cell-Free Fetal DNA, Cell-Free Total DNA, and Biochemical Markers
Authors: Kim Shin Young , Kim Hyun Jin , Park So Yeon , Han Yoo Jung , Choi June Seek , Ryu Hyun Mee
Published: March 2016

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of separate and combined tests using cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA), cell-free total DNA (cfDNA), and biochemical markers for the early detection of pregnancies with hypertensive disorders. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted with 135 singleton pregnancies including 17 gestational hypertension cases, 34 preeclampsia (PE) cases, and 84 controls. We performed real-time quantitative PCR to measure levels of DSCR3 and RASSF1A as cffDNA markers and HYP2 as a cfDNA marker in the first and early second trimesters. Levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), α-fetoprotein, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, unconjugated estriol, and inhibin A were also determined. Results: Compared with controls, the median levels and multiples of the median (MoM) values of HYP2 were significantly higher in the PE and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) groups at 6-14 and 15-23 weeks. Frist-trimester PAPP-A MoM was significantly lower in PE and HDP than in controls. For PE and HDP, the best model included the first-trimester DSCR3, HYP2, and PAPP-A MoM values achieving detection rates of 67 and 58% at a fixed 10% false-positive rate, respectively [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.832 (95% CI 0.689-0.928) for PE; 0.751 (0.607-0.863) for HDP]. Discussion: The study demonstrates the potential utility of combined first-trimester cffDNA, cfDNA, and PAPP-A for the early prediction of PE.
Serous Cystadenocarcinoma of the Pancreas: Clinical Features and Management of a Rare Tumor
Authors: Van Dyke Timothy J. , Johlin Frederick C. , Bellizzi Andrew M. , Howe James R.
Published: March 2016

Background/Aims: The vast majority of serous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are benign, and small, asymptomatic lesions, which are generally managed with observation. However, some of these tumors may attain a large size and occasionally metastasize. Methods: In this study, we present a 78-year-old man with serous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas with liver metastases treated by distal pancreatectomy and liver ablation, who went on to develop new liver metastases 5 years after the initial operation. We perform a literature review to determine the number of these malignant neoplasms previously reported and to identify features associated with malignant lesions. Results: Literature reveals that metastatic serous cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas are rare tumors, occurring in less than 3% of cases of serous cystic neoplasms. All malignant cases reported have been in tumors >4 cm in size. Conclusions: Serous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas >4 cm have malignant potential and therefore should be considered for surgical management.
Elevated Levels of Total Cell-Free DNA in Maternal Serum Samples Arise from the Generation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Sur Chowdhury Chanchal , Hahn Sinuhe , Hasler Paul , Hoesli Irene , Lapaire Olav , Giaglis Stavros
Published: March 2016

Introduction: The analysis of cell-free DNA from maternal blood samples has facilitated the noninvasive detection of fetal aneuploidies or hereditary Mendelian disorders. In this context, previous studies have indicated that the pool of cell-free DNA is greater in maternal serum than in plasma samples, necessitating optimized collection and storage protocols. As the source of this increased amount of cell-free DNA is not clear, we have now examined whether neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to this material. Material and Methods: Serum samples were collected in all three trimesters of normal healthy pregnant women, and at term from cases with manifest preeclampsia. The presence of NET-derived material was demonstrated by the detection of cell-free DNA fragments complexed to neutrophil granular proteins (i.e. myeloperoxidase). Results: Our data indicate that NET-derived cell-free DNA/myeloperoxidase complexes were greater in serum from normal pregnant women than in normal matching nonpregnant controls. This neutrophil chromosomal material increased incrementally throughout gestation and was most pronounced in cases with preeclampsia. Discussion: By detecting increased levels of cell-free DNA/myeloperoxidase complexes in maternal serum samples, our data indicate that a significant proportion of this material is derived from the generation of NETs.
Intravitreal Ranibizumab and Aqueous Humor Factors/Cytokines in Major and Macular Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Noma Hidetaka , Mimura Tatsuya , Yasuda Kanako , Nakagawa Hayate , Motohashi Ryosuke , Kotake Osamu , Shimura Masahiko
Published: March 2016

Aqueous humor levels of cytokines and growth/inflammatory factors were measured in 38 patients with macular edema who had major branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) or macular BRVO and were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IRI). Patients with recurrence of macular edema received further IRI as needed. Aqueous humor levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1), and other cytokines/factors were measured. Compared with major BRVO, macular BRVO was associated with lower aqueous humor levels of sVEGFR-1, its ligands (VEGF and placental growth factor), and other growth/inflammatory factors (platelet-derived growth factor-AA, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8). The mean number of IRI over 6 months was significantly lower in the macular BRVO group than in the major BRVO group. These findings suggest that macular BRVO requires fewer IRI than major BRVO and is associated with lower aqueous humor levels of various growth/inflammatory factors and cytokines.
Amblyopia Associated with Congenital Facial Nerve Paralysis
Authors: Iwamura Hitoshi , Kondo Kenji , Sawamura Hiromasa , Baba Shintaro , Yasuhara Kazuo , Yamasoba Tatsuya
Published: March 2016

The association between congenital facial paralysis and visual development has not been thoroughly studied. Of 27 pediatric cases of congenital facial paralysis, we identified 3 patients who developed amblyopia, a visual acuity decrease caused by abnormal visual development, as comorbidity. These 3 patients had facial paralysis in the periocular region and developed amblyopia on the paralyzed side. They started treatment by wearing an eye patch immediately after diagnosis and before the critical visual developmental period; all patients responded to the treatment. Our findings suggest that the incidence of amblyopia in the cases of congenital facial paralysis, particularly the paralysis in the periocular region, is higher than that in the general pediatric population. Interestingly, 2 of the 3 patients developed anisometropic amblyopia due to the hyperopia of the affected eye, implying that the periocular facial paralysis may have affected the refraction of the eye through yet unspecified mechanisms. Therefore, the physicians who manage facial paralysis should keep this pathology in mind, and when they see pediatric patients with congenital facial paralysis involving the periocular region, they should consult an ophthalmologist as soon as possible.
High Glucose Enhances oxLDL-Induced Apoptosis in Human Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells Largely via Inducing Lectin-Like ox-LDL Receptor-1
Authors: Zhou Xiaorong , Liu Ruihong , Duan Shaobin , Huang Guxiang , Ye Yun , Kong Ying
Published: March 2016

Background: High blood glucose is characteristic of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Both lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) and renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis reportedly are important for the pathogenesis and progression of DN. In this study, we explored the regulatory effects of high glucose on the expression of LOX-1 and its impact on oxLDL-induced apoptosis in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpCs). Methods: Primary HRPTEpCs were treated with high glucose with or without concurrent treatment with selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD169316 or lentiviral knockdown of LOX-1. HRPTEpCs cultured in normal glucose concentration (5.5 mmol/l) was used as a control. Results and Conclusion: High glucose concentration dependency increased the expression of LOX-1, which led to increased ox-LDL binding in HRPTEpCs. In addition, high glucose upregulated the LOX-1 gene promoter activity but not its mRNA stability in HRPTEpCs; the effect was abolished by PD169316. Furthermore, high glucose markedly enhanced oxLDL-induced apoptosis in HRPTEpCs, which was largely abolished by knockdown of LOX-1. This study demonstrates that high glucose induces the expression of LOX-1 at the gene promoter/transcription level mainly by a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism, which enhances oxLDL-induced apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells. It adds new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DN.
Natural Killer Cells for Therapy of Leukemia
Authors: Suck Garnet , Linn Yeh Ching , Tonn Torsten
Published: March 2016

Clinical application of natural killer (NK) cells against leukemia is an area of intense investigation. In human leukocyte antigen-mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT), alloreactive NK cells exert powerful anti-leukemic activity in preventing relapse in the absence of graft-versus-host disease, particularly in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Adoptive transfer of donor NK cells post-HSCT or in non-transplant scenarios may be superior to the currently widely used unmanipulated donor lymphocyte infusion. This concept could be further improved through transfusion of activated NK cells. Significant progress has been made in good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant large-scale production of stimulated effectors. However, inherent limitations remain. These include differing yields and compositions of the end-product due to donor variability and inefficient means for cryopreservation. Moreover, the impact of the various novel activation strategies on NK cell biology and in vivo behavior are barely understood. In contrast, reproduction of the third-party NK-92 drug from a cryostored GMP-compliant master cell bank is straightforward and efficient. Safety for the application of this highly cytotoxic cell line was demonstrated in first clinical trials. This novel ‘off-the-shelf' product could become a treatment option for a broad patient population. For specific tumor targeting chimeric-antigen-receptor-engineered NK-92 cells have been designed.
A hospitalidade urbana e a multidão. Uma discussão sobre soberania, estados de exceção e inclusão no espaço público urbano a partir de alguns processos de ocupação massiva do território na cidade
Authors: Guatelli Igor
Published: March 2016

No rastro dos protestos de rua ocorridos em meados de 2013 na cidade de São Paulo, o artigo investiga certos processos de ocupação, massiva, coletiva e momentânea, dos espaços públicos abertos da região central da cidade, sejam eles sob a égide da Lei do Estado ou “além” dela. Digamos que a observação de intrigantes e instáveis modos de ocupação e apropriação do espaço público - e não a estabilidade da paisagem construída, edificada - e suas constantes, momentâneas e circunstanciais reconfigurações, foi o leitmotiv para construção de uma reflexão crítica sobre incertas tendências paradoxais associadas à vida pública coletiva contemporânea. Objetivou-se analisar o território como uma relação indissociável entre pré-figurações normativas e configurações momentâneas espontâneas do espaço urbano por intermédio de fluxos apropriativos, constantes e/ou ocasionais. Do cotidiano ao mais eventual e incidental, o que foi possível ser pensado a partir dessa relação? A partir de uma matéria desubstanciada, um outro panorama epistemológico sobre a atualidade emerge, eivado de paradoxalidades. Do previsível, normalizado e normatizado ao inesperado, o espaçamento urbano – as mudanças do espaço no tempo - fez advir uma dimensão relevante de ser pensada [e de como ser pensada] acerca do “ser” público do território em algumas situações e ocasiões.
O discurso profissional e o ensino na formação do arquiteto e urbanista moderno em São Paulo: 1948 - 1962
Authors: Vidotto Taiana Car , Monteiro Ana Maria Reis de Goes
Published: March 2016

No Brasil, entre as décadas de 1940 e 1960, a profissão do arquiteto e o ensino de arquitetura passaram, em sintonia, por profundas alterações. Essas modificações, resultado das influências presentes nos ideais do contexto internacional se concretizaram, no contexto nacional, a partir da sua difusão em periódicos e em eventos nacionais como os Congressos Brasileiros de Arquitetos e Encontros Nacionais de Estudantes de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Em São Paulo, as mudanças foram consequência da associação de diversos agentes que se consorciaram através do principal órgão da categoria dos arquitetos, o Instituto de Arquitetos do Brasil (IAB/SP). Nesse contexto, este artigo se propõe a analisar as circunstâncias e os agentes envolvidos nas discussões que culminaram no que se conhece como a Reforma de 1962 da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAUUSP), que tinha como intuito formar o arquiteto moderno. Para tal, a pesquisa, de caráter documental, considerou os debates presentes nos boletins e atas das assembleias do IAB/SP e os documentos existentes nos arquivos da FAUUSP e da Escola Politécnica da USP, no período compreendido entre a fundação da FAUUSP (1948) e a Reforma de 1962. O que se viu, foi o surgimento de um novo perfil profissional, o do arquiteto e urbanista.
Memória urbana da avenida Dom Severino: análise das edificações
Authors: Aragão Juliana Lopes , Mendes Hercilia Raquel de Sousa
Published: March 2016

Essa é uma pesquisa PIBIC/CNPq realizada pelo Departamento de Construção Civil e Arquitetura da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI). Tal trabalho teve início no ano de 2010, após a observação das transformações ocorridas em uma importante via da zona leste da cidade. No momento, esse trabalho tem a participação de três bolsistas, que dividem suas ações em campos distintos para o levantamento de dados. O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar o impacto provocado pela construção da ponte estaiada no cenário urbano da Avenida Dom Severino. A Avenida teve seu uso e suas dimensões alteradas sem um planejamento prévio, provocando assim um problema urbano. A primeira etapa consistiu na delimitação da área a ser analisada, que foi o trecho da Avenida Dom Severino, localizado entre as Avenidas Nossa Senhora de Fátima e Homero Castelo Branco. Estabelecida essa área, partimos para a confecção de um perfil layout das fachadas. A segunda etapa tratou do levantamento nos órgãos da prefeitura e da SDU-Leste (Superintendência de Desenvolvimento Urbano), responsável pelas informações dos imóveis dessa via, dados sobre os tipos de uso das edificações. E a etapa final foi a confecção de um banco de dados para a inserção das informações sobre os imóveis, quanto à existência ou não de reformas, e a dimensão dessas reformas. Buscou-se informações sobre a posse dos imóveis, e as posteriores negociações que transformaram uso residencial em comercial. Paralelamente pesquisou-se as informações sobre a ponte estaiada e o processo de desocupação dos terrenos que eram de propriedade privada e que após a construção da ponte teve que ser negociada para se incorporar à mesma.
Notas sobre a ocupação das encostas no maciço da Tijuca, no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Schlee Monica Bahia
Published: March 2016

As montanhas estruturam a paisagem da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e servem de suporte para a floresta Atlântica e para a mancha urbana ao seu redor, que avança gradativamente sobre ela. O presente artigo analisa o processo de ocupação urbana nas encostas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de uma leitura comparativa da morfologia da paisagem, com foco no Maciço da Tijuca, cujas encostas vivenciam uma constante pressão urbana decorrente da valorização imobiliária e das disputas territoriais nas bordas da floresta Atlântica. Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar os padrões de ocupação encontrados nas encostas da cidade, e do Maciço da Tijuca, em particular e apontar os efeitos da legislação urbanística local sobre a paisagem, relacionando-os aos processos de apropriação territorial. A zona de fronteira entre a floresta Atlântica e a malha urbana nas encostas do Rio de Janeiro caracteriza-se como uma zona de transição, heterogênea, instável e dinâmica, onde é possível discernir diferentes faixas de ocupação, cujas lógicas internas de estruturação afetam a configuração das demais. Essas faixas conformam um gradiente de ocupação, onde as faixas internas (faixas de mescla) são as que sofrem transformações mais dinâmicas, afetando e impactando as externas. Nestas faixas de mescla se localiza uma constelação de núcleos de ocupação habitados por diferentes extratos sociais, com características formais e informais, isto é, regulares e irregulares do ponto de vista urbanístico e fundiário, que estabelecem entre si uma relação imbricada de contiguidade e complementaridade. Este quadro demonstra que o planejamento urbano, a gestão e a lógica da ocupação urbana nas encostas cariocas necessitam passar por um processo de ajuste, em direção a um urbanismo regenerador, no qual os espaços livres exerçam um papel estruturador na conexão, articulação e na resiliência da paisagem frente aos riscos geológicos e na mitigação da antítese entre a floresta, os territórios formalmente ocupados e as favelas.
Angiotensin II Stimulation of Cardiac Hypertrophy and Functional Decompensation in Osteoprotegerin-Deficient Mice
Authors: Tsuruda Toshihiro , Sekita-Hatakeyama Yoko , Hao Yilin , Sakamoto Sumiharu , Kurogi Syuji , Nakamura Midori , Udagawa Nobuyuki , Funamoto Taro , Sekimoto Tomohisa , Hatakeyama Kinta , Chosa Etsuo , Kato Johji , Asada Yujiro , Kitamura Kazuo
Published: March 2016

Circulating and myocardial expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand and osteoprotegerin are activated in heart failure; however, it remains to be determined their pathophysiological roles on left ventricular structure and function in interaction with renin–angiotensin system. We conducted experiments using 8-week-old osteoprotegerin
−/−
mice and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand-transgenic mice to assess whether they affect the angiotensin II–induced left ventricular remodeling. Subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II to osteoprotegerin
−/−
mice progressed the eccentric hypertrophy, resulting in left ventricular systolic dysfunction for 28 days, and this was comparable with wild-type mice, showing concentric hypertrophy, irrespective of equivalent elevation of systolic blood pressure. The structural alteration was associated with reduced interstitial fibrosis, decreased procollagen α1 and syndecan-1 expressions, and the increased number of apoptotic cells in the left ventricle, compared with wild-type mice. In contrast, angiotensin II infusion to the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand-transgenic mice revealed the concentric hypertrophy with preserved systolic contractile function. Intraperitoneal administration of human recombinant osteoprotegerin, but not subcutaneous injection of anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand antibody, to the angiotensin II–infused osteoprotegerin
−/−
mice for 28 days ameliorated the progression of heart failure without affecting systolic blood pressure. These results underscore the biological activity of osteoprotegerin in preserving myocardial structure and function during the angiotensin II–induced cardiac hypertrophy, independent of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand activity. In addition, the antiapoptotic and profibrotic actions of osteoprotegerin that emerged from our data might be involved in the mechanisms.
Decoding and Reconstructing the Focus of Spatial Attention from the Topography of Alpha-band Oscillations
Authors: Samaha Jason , Sprague Thomas C. , Postle Bradley R.
Published: March 2016

Many aspects of perception and cognition are supported by activity in neural populations that are tuned to different stimulus features (e.g., orientation, spatial location, color). Goal-directed behavior, such as sustained attention, requires a mechanism for the selective prioritization of contextually appropriate representations. A candidate mechanism of sustained spatial attention is neural activity in the alpha band (8–13 Hz), whose power in the human EEG covaries with the focus of covert attention. Here, we applied an inverted encoding model to assess whether spatially selective neural responses could be recovered from the topography of alpha-band oscillations during spatial attention. Participants were cued to covertly attend to one of six spatial locations arranged concentrically around fixation while EEG was recorded. A linear classifier applied to EEG data during sustained attention demonstrated successful classification of the attended location from the topography of alpha power, although not from other frequency bands. We next sought to reconstruct the focus of spatial attention over time by applying inverted encoding models to the topography of alpha power and phase. Alpha power, but not phase, allowed for robust reconstructions of the specific attended location beginning around 450 msec postcue, an onset earlier than previous reports. These results demonstrate that posterior alpha-band oscillations can be used to track activity in feature-selective neural populations with high temporal precision during the deployment of covert spatial attention.
Prose Writing in an Age of Orality: A Study of 2 Sam 5:6-9
Authors: Pioske Daniel
Published: March 2016

The brief, cryptic account of Jerusalem’s takeover by David in 2 Sam 5:6-9 has elicited a considerable number of historical investigations into what events may have transpired according to this story. But what has received less historical attention is the scribal culture responsible for this text’s composition. With this concern in mind, the aim of this study is to approach 2 Sam 5:6-9 as a scribal artifact in an effort to examine how this text took form and what cultural expectations guided its production. What comes to light through this manner of inquiry, I contend, is a text deeply shaped by an oral storytelling tradition. The results of this analysis are then brought to bear on certain interpretive questions connected to how one reads ancient prose accounts rendered by scribes who lived in a world of oral, living speech.
Taxonomic revision of the Chinese Limnonectes (Anura, Dicroglossidae) with the description of a new species from China and Myanmar
Authors: SUWANNAPOOM CHATMONGKON , YUAN ZHI-YONG , CHEN JIN-MIN , HOU MIAN , ZHAO HAI-PENG , WANG LI-JUN , NGUYEN TRUONG SON , NGUYEN TRUONG Q. , MURPHY ROBERT W. , SULLIVAN JAQUELINE , MCLEOD DAVID S. , CHE JING
Published: March 2016

Phylogenetic reconstructions derived from DNA sequence data play a central role in documenting the number of species in a complex. Such analyses are pointing to the existence of many cryptic species, especially in poorly understood groups such as the genus Limnonectes, and the L. kuhlii species complex in particular. To understand the Limnonectes frogs of China, we reconstruct the major matrilineal genealogy of Limnonectes from China and Southeast Asia based on 12S rRNA, tRNAVal and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Based on new data we recognize five species of Limnonectes in China including L. bannaensis, L. fujianensis, L. fragilis, L. taylori (new record), and a new species from southern China and Myanmar. Phylogenetically, the new species is more closely related to the clade comprising L. taylori, L. megastomias, L. isanensis, L. nguyenorum, and L. jarujini from Thailand than to other Chinese species. This study supports previous findings of sympatric members of a species complex that are not each other’s closest relatives.
Two new species of Centris (Aphemisia) Ayala, 2002 from Colombia with a synopsis of the subgenus for the country (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini)
Authors: VIVALLO FELIPE , VÉLEZ DANNY , FERNÁNDEZ FERNANDO
Published: March 2016

A synopsis of the species of Centris subgenus Aphemisia Ayala in Colombia is presented. A total of six species were recognized: C. lilacina Cockerell, C. mocsaryi Friese, C. plumipes Smith and C. quadrimaculata Packard, including C. celadonia n. sp. and C. vallecaucensis n. sp., two new species described from the Departments of Huila and Valle del Cauca, respectively. Diagnoses, descriptions, information on geographical distribution and an identification key to all species are provided. The previously unknown male of C. plumipes is described for the first time.
The genus Ctenolepisma (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) in Western Iran, with description of three new species
Authors: KAHRARIAN MORTEZA , MOLERO RAFAEL , GAJU MIQUEL
Published: March 2016

Several samples belonging to the genus Ctenolepisma Escherich, 1905 collected in western Iran allow us to describe three new species: Ctenolepisma iranicum n. sp., C. sagartianum n. sp. and C. kermanshanum n. sp. Ctenolepisma iranicum n. sp. belongs to the nominate subgenus Ctenolepisma sensu stricto and is closely related to C. ciliatum and C. armeniacum. The other two new species belong to the subgenus Sceletolepisma. They are compared mainly with Asian species belonging to this subgenus, which is reported for the first time in Iran. Moreover, Ctenolepisma sagartianum n. sp. and C. kermanshanum n. sp. show a chaetotaxy that includes them in the species group “villosa”, being characterized by bearing a median comb on urosternites II‒VI. Additionally, Ctenolepisma armeniacum is reported for the first time in Iran and the male of this species is described. The total number of species of Ctenolepisma known for Iran is seven, although the occurrence of C. mauritanicum has not been confirmed. An identification key for these species is presented.
New data on the Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) from the Canary Islands, with a description of a new species of Apseudopsis
Authors: ESQUETE PATRICIA , RAMOS EVA , RIERA RODRIGO
Published: March 2016

Benthic samples from two harbours at El Hierro and Tenerife (Canary Islands) yielded three species of Tanaidacea. Tanais dulongii and Leptochelia savignyi are recorded for the first time in Tenerife and El Hierro, respectively. A new species of Apseudomorpha, Apseudopsis rogi, was collected in both harbours and can be differentiated from other species of the genus by the male having a cheliped merus with a distinctive, cylindrical dorso-proximal spur. This is the first species of Apseudopsis described for the Macaronesian region. A key to the Atlantic and Mediterranean species of Apseudopsis is provided.
Review of the little-known western Nearctic fly genus Philetus Melander (Diptera: Empididae), with a discussion of its phylogenetic assignment
Authors: CUMMING JEFFREY M. , BROOKS SCOTT E. , SINCLAIR BRADLEY J.
Published: March 2016

The western North American empidid genus Philetus Melander is reviewed, including redescription of the two included species, P. memorandus Melander and P. schizophorus Melander. A lectotype is designated for P. schizophorus. The        distributions of both species are mapped and the male terminalia are illustrated. The female of P. schizophorus is discovered for the first time through comparison of COI mitochondrial DNA barcode sequences. The phylogenetic assignment of  Philetus within the Empididae is discussed based on a reinterpretation of male terminalia homologies.
First records of Enchytraeidae (Annelida, Clitellata) from the Three Parallel Rivers region
Authors: CHEN JING , JIANG WANXIANG , XIE ZHICAI
Published: March 2016

The Three Parallel Rivers region is not only an important World Natural Heritage area but also one of the hotspots of world biodiversity with many endemic organisms. However, little is known about the soil fauna of this region, and nothing about enchytraeids. Here we describe two species from the Laojun Mountain, one of the eight eminent mountain chains in this region, Chamaedrilus cf. ozensis Torii, 2015 and Mesenchytraeus laojunensis sp. nov. The latter belongs to a group of Mesenchytraeus species characterized by spermathecae with one ampullar diverticulum and a communication with the oesophagus, and is thus far the southernmost member of this genus in China. It has two exceptional traits within Mesenchytraeus: a large sperm funnel (more than 2000 µm in length) and a subterminal attachment of the vas deferens to the atrium. In addition, it is distinguished from the other congeners within this group by coelomocytes with distinct refractile vesicles, five pairs of preclitellar nephridia, and the presence of abundant and flame-shaped sperm bundles in sperm sacs, which extend backwards into XVII–XXII.
How Much Do Formula-Fed Infants Take in the First 2 Days?
Authors: Davila-Grijalva Hugo , Troya Andrea Hernandez , Kring Elizabeth , DeRidder Jennifer , Maisels M. Jeffrey
Published: March 2016

Objective. To document the intake of exclusively formula-fed newborns during the first 2 days of life. Methods. We enrolled a cohort of 50 healthy newborns ≥37 weeks’ gestation and documented their daily formula intake until discharge. We surveyed pediatricians regarding their assessment of the intake of formula fed infants. Results. In all, 37 of 50 newborns stayed for at least 48 hours. The mean ± SD gestational age was 39.5 ± 0.88 weeks. Mean ±SD formula intake for the first 48 hours (n = 37) was 57.2 ± 20.4 mL/kg/d and mean weight loss at 45.7 ± 8.8 hours, was 2.7% of birth weight. Pediatricians underestimated the amounts taken by these infants. Conclusions. In the first 2 days, healthy term newborns, fed formula ad lib, consume about 115 mL/kg, about 2 to 3 times as much as breastfed infants, and they lose only 2.7% of their birthweight by 48 hours. Most pediatricians underestimate the intake of formula-fed infants.
The Psychosis of Whiteness
Authors: Andrews Kehinde
Published: March 2016

Critical Whiteness studies has emerged as an academic discipline that has produced a lot of work and garnered attention in the last two decades. Central to this project is the idea that if the processes of Whiteness can be uncovered, then they can be reasoned with and overcome, through rationale dialogue. This article will argue, however, that Whiteness is a process rooted in the social structure, one that induces a form of psychosis framed by its irrationality, which is beyond any rational engagement. Drawing on a critical discourse analysis of the two only British big budget movies about transatlantic slavery, Amazing Grace and Belle, the article argues that such films serve as the celluloid hallucinations that reinforce the psychosis of Whiteness. The features of this discourse that arose from the analysis included the lack of Black agency, distancing Britain from the horrors of slavery, and downplaying the role of racism.
Directed Acyclic Graphs for Oral Disease Research
Authors: Akinkugbe A.A. , Sharma S. , Ohrbach R. , Slade G.D. , Poole C.
Published: March 2016

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are nonparametric graphical tools used to depict causal relations in the epidemiologic assessment of exposure-outcome associations. Although their use in dental research was first advocated in 2002, DAGs have yet to be widely adopted in this field. DAGs help identify threats to causal inference such as confounders, bias due to subject selection, and inappropriate handling of missing data. DAGs can also inform the data analysis strategy based on relations among variables depicted on it. This article uses the example of a study of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), investigating causal effects of facial injury on subsequent risk of TMD. We illustrate how DAGs can be used to identify 1) potential confounders, 2) mediators and the consequences of attempt to estimate direct causal effects, 3) colliders and the consequences of conditioning on colliders, and 4) variables that are simultaneously mediators and confounders and the consequences of adjustment for such variables. For example, one DAG shows that statistical adjustment for the pressure pain threshold would necessarily bias the causal relation between facial injury and TMD. Finally, we discuss the usefulness of DAGs during study design, subject selection, and choosing variables to be measured in a study.
Treatment Modality, Failure, and Re-Arrest
Authors: Reich Warren A. , Picard-Fritsche Sarah , Rempel Michael , Farley Erin J.
Published: March 2016

Demographic, criminal history, instant case, treatment modality, program failure, and re-arrest data were collected from 400 New York City drug court participants. Actuarial risk scores were created for program failure and re-arrest by performing stepwise logistic regressions based on criminal history, present case, and demographic predictors of these outcomes. Placement in a residential (vs. outpatient) setting increased the likelihood of program failure and re-arrest after controlling for actuarial risk scores. Residential placement was particularly counter-productive with low-risk program participants, whose re-arrest rate was more than double that of low-risk participants placed in an outpatient setting. Conversely, placement of low-risk participants in the least restrictive treatment modality—a non-intensive outpatient setting—lowered the likelihood of re-arrest relative to placement either in a residential setting or an intensive outpatient program. Results are discussed in terms of the Risk-need-responsivity model of offender intervention, which recommends avoiding overly restrictive treatment of low-risk offenders.
Discrimination and Identification of a Third Formant Frequency Cue to Place of Articulation by Young Children and Adults
Authors: Richardson Kelly , Sussman Joan E
Published: March 2016

Typically-developing children, 4 to 6 years of age, and adults participated in discrimination and identification speech perception tasks using a synthetic consonant–vowel continuum ranging from /da/ to /ga/. The seven-step synthetic /da/–/ga/ continuum was created by adjusting the first 40 ms of the third formant frequency transition. For the discrimination task, listeners participated in a Change/No–Change paradigm with four different stimuli compared to the endpoint-1 /da/ token. For the identification task, listeners labeled each token along the /da/–/ga/ continuum as either “DA” or “GA.” Results of the discrimination experiment showed that sensitivity to the third-formant transition cue improved for the adult listeners as the stimulus contrast increased, whereas the performance of the children remained poor across all stimulus comparisons. Results of the identification experiment support previous hypotheses of age-related differences in phonetic categorization. Results have implications for normative data on identification and discrimination tasks. These norms provide a metric against which children with auditory-based speech sound disorders can be compared. Furthermore, the results provide some insight into the developmental nature of categorical and non-categorical speech perception.