bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A gradual taste adaption intervention reduced dietary sodium intake among adults with hypertension
Authors: Chung M L , Lennie T A , Moser D K
Published: July 2022

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): University Kentucky College of Nursing Internal Grant

Introduction

Despite the recommendations and substantial benefits of reducing dietary sodium intake in adults with hypertension, adherence to a sodium-restricted diet (SRD) remains poor. One of the biobehavioral barriers in following SRD is a poor taste of SRD that leads preference for salty food. We developed a systematic and comprehensive approach of gradual taste adaptation to the SRD (Sodium Watchers Program [SWaP]) to reduce dietary sodium intake by overcoming these sensory barriers. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of the SWaP-HTN on dietary sodium intake, blood pressure (BP), preference for salty food, and enjoyment of SRD in adults with hypertension.

Methods

A total of 29 adults with hypertension were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=19) and usual care group (n=10) in a 2:1 ratio. The intervention group received a 16-weeks SWAP-HTN intervention via video-conferencing on a tablet. All participants completed collecting 24-h urine specimens and blood pressure baseline and 4-month follow-up. Blood pressure was taken three times at each assessment, and mean BP was calculated. Preference for salty food and enjoyments of SRD were assessed on a 10-point rating scale. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare outcomes changes between two groups from pre- to post-intervention.

Results

Of the 27 participants (mean age = 62.8 years, 55% male), only 3 (11%) were withdrawn. The mean 24-hour urine sodium excretion (24h UNa) was 3,911 mg/day (range 1,563 mg- 8,138 mg) and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures was 135.7/85.6 mmHg at baseline. The intervention group significantly reduced sodium intake by 1,158 mg/day of sodium, a 30% reduction (TimeX Group P = 0.011: Figure 1), and reported an increase in the enjoyment of SRD at 4-month follow-up (TimeXGroup P = 0.01; Figure 1). Although there was a trend of decreasing mean systolic BP(143.4 mmHg vs. 133.9 mmHg, baseline and 4-month respectively) in the intervention group, it did not reach statistical significance (TimeXGroup, P = 0.061). There was also no significant difference in changes in the preference of salty food and diastolic BP between the two groups.

Conclusion

Even with a small sample size, we demonstrated that a gradual adaptation strategy to a sodium-restricted diet effectively reduced dietary sodium intake by increasing the hedonic state of SRD. This innovative approach may also have the potential for controlling blood pressure, but this needs to be tested in a large clinical trial.
Telehealth Education And Counselling program to optimise secondary prevention of Heart disease for patients with cardiovascular Disease living in Rural Australia: TEACH-RA study
Authors: Negesa L , Clark R , Trimacco T , Hendriks J
Published: July 2022

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): SOLVE CHD Collaboration grant

Introduction

The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rapidly increasing, however, access to secondary prevention in rural areas is limited. Moreover, rural and remote CVD patients have limited access to primary care and other health services to receive ongoing support and post-discharge follow-up, and this may predispose them to insufficient secondary prevention in terms of a high risk of uncontrolled blood pressure and consequent life-threatening complications including coronary heart disease. Therefore, reform of secondary prevention in rural and remote areas is required to improve reach and access for patients living in such areas, and consequently improve clinical and other health outcomes.

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility of an innovative, tailored telehealth education and counselling program to optimise secondary prevention of CVD in patients living in rural areas in South Australia.

Methods

A quasi experimental study will be conducted by recruiting patients from existing database; country access to cardiac health (CATCH) program. Patients with CVD, aged ≥ 18, enrolled into CATCH program and living in rural and remote South Australia. Sample size is calculated using an online tool and is based on the primary endpoint to detect reduced readmission rate in patients with CVD and cardiac events. Patients with acute coronary syndrome/myocardial infarction, revascularisation procedure, stable and unstable angina, post coronary artery bypass grafting, post cardiac valve replacement surgery, and heart failure will be included. The sample size is calculated using online tool with appropriate statistical assumptions, which gives 113. The intervention of this study consists of two components: 1) delivery of a tailored telehealth counselling and education through telephone by a nurse and 2) use of an iPad application for patient education. Primary outcome is readmission for CVD and cardiac events. Secondary outcomes are knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors, lifestyle modification (e.g. smoking, alcohol, diet and physical exercise), medication adherence, health related quality of life and clinical outcomes such as lipid profile and blood pressure.

Conclusion

TEACH-RA study will test the feasibility of a tailored telehealth education and counselling program in patients with cardiac conditions living in rural and remote areas.
Health education of patients with cardiovascular disease for effective self-care
Authors: Todorova M T
Published: July 2022

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction

Cardiovascular Disease leads to physical and psychosocial problems and worsens the quality of life of patients. Cardiovascular Disease Management is focused not only on reducing morbidity and mortality, but also on opportunities to improve daily life and overcome risk factors. Nurses play a key role in patient health education and their contributions have expanded in recent decades in Bulgaria.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore the possibilities for nurses' active participation in the health education of patients with Cardiovascular Disease.

Methods

The study included 146 patients with Cardiovascular Disease and a control group. The mean age of the respondents is 61.15 ± 2.35. The practical part of the study included 52 patients. The toolkit contains questionnaires for assessing stress and coping with everyday life, behavioral risk factors, a health education program and self-care. All participants have signed an informed consent, in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Results

The results of physical activity, routine activities, self-care and anxiety show some disorders in the patient group. Patients with anxiety were 49.3%, individuals in the control group were 21.9%, (χ2 = 23.89, p <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in anxiety level between patients and the control group (t = 4.07, p <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the relative shares of the two groups in terms of anxiety and physical activity (Z = 7.09, p = 0.000). Patients with self-care difficulties and anxiety are 24.0%. A relationship between anxiety and self-care options was found in patients (Z = 6.29; p = 0.000). A structured interview was conducted to identify lifestyle risk factors. The results show that 55.8% of patients are overweight. The relationship between waist circumference and BMI is straight moderate (r = 0.397, p = 0.004). The predominant number of men who smoke is 60.7%. A relationship was established between smoking and the gender of the respondents (χ2 = 18.21, df = 2, p = 0.000). The nurse conducted an individual interview with each patient to improve diet, daily routine, control blood pressure, blood sugar and more. A pedagogical model for health education was applied, based on goal setting, motivation, and self-care to achieve long-term results in terms of risk factor management. Positive changes were reported after 3 months in terms of hygiene and diet, physical activity, regular monitoring of blood pressure and medication.

Conclusion

Patient education is one of the most important aspects of nurses' work. Primary care nurses are a key factor in improving the quality of life of patients by implementing self-care education programs, reducing risk factors and monitoring the condition.
How deep is your involvement? Caregiver Contribution to self-care in heart failure: A content qualitative analysis with magnitude coding
Authors: Cuoco A C , Durante A D , Alvaro R A , Vellone E V
Published: July 2022

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Background/Introduction

People with heart failure (HF) often rely on the support of informal caregivers to perform self-care. While caregiver contributions (CC) to HF self-care have been described, little is kwon how deeply caregivers are involved in supporting HF patient to perform self-care.

Purpose

This study aimed to describe with which actions informal caregivers contributed to the self-care of people with HF and with what intensity these actions are acted upon.

Method

We used a qualitative-descriptive design. We enrolled a convenience sample of HF caregivers who were aged > 18 and cared for their patients for at least six months. Interviews were conducted from August 2020 to February 2021, via telephone. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis with a deductive and inductive approach. Two investigators independently performed a two-round coding of the transcriptions using NVIVO: firstly, we used "Verbal Exchange coding", to identify the verbs of the actions performed by caregivers; secondly, we used "Magnitude Coding" to qualify the intensity caregiver involvement in HF care from M1 = low level of contribution (i.e., passive occasionally observation), to M2 = medium level of contribution (i.e., active regularly observation and contribution) and M3 = high level of contribution (i.e., daily contribution as recommended by guidelines). Categories, sub-categories, and codes were grouped in the three theoretical dimensions of CC to self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring and self-care management.

Results

The mean age of the 22 enrolled caregivers was 53.45 years (range 30-78). Most of the participants were female (n=17), married (n=11) adult children (n=14) and in cohabitation with the patients (n=13) caring for them for an average of 9.32 hours per day (range 2-24 hours/day). 32 different actions were identified as played by caregivers: 9 in self-care maintenance, 14 in self-care monitoring, and 9 in self-care management. Among the 9 self-care maintenance actions, the contribution in M1 was "Physical activity" which was coded 1 time; the action in M3 was "Ensuring that the person consumes low-salt foods" coded 12 times. Among the 14 self-care monitoring actions, the contribution in M1 was "Noting health changes", coded 11 times, while the contribution in M3 was "Understanding the origin of symptoms" coded 20 times. with (M3). Among self-care management actions, the contribution in M1 was "Seeking advice from family or friends about symptom management", coded 4 times; the highest contribution with M3 was "Knowing how to manage decompensation flare-ups" which was coded 13 times. Conclusion(s): How caregivers are involved in the process of their contribution to HF self-care is important to tailor future interventions.
A demographic study to profile non-attenders at a single centre heart failure outpatient clinic
Authors: Mannion T
Published: July 2022

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Background

Nonattendance is a source of inefficiency increasing waiting lists with potential secondary effects on the health status of non-attenders. This is true for patients in heart failure (HF) management programmes with nonattendance reducing the opportunity for prevention intervention &potentially increasing the risk of HF re-hospitalisation.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of trends of non-attendance of appointments to a single centre HF disease management programme over 36 months. Variables which influence missed appointments such as day of week & comparison between the first & second 6 months of the year were analysed. Patients who did not attend (DNA) their HF appointments (index cases) over 12 months (January–December 2021) were compared with a sample of patients who attended the same clinics (using a computer-generated randomisation technique). Variables which influence missed appointments were compared (age, gender, new/return status, history of cognitive impairment, non-English speaker, HF type, aetiology of cardiomyopathy, recent HF hospitalisation/need for IV diuretics & disease burden measured by NYHA Classification, NTproBNP & No. of comorbid conditions).

Results

In the 36 months studied there were 460 non-attenders (DNA rate 7.9%) out of 5,823 appointments. The DNA rate did not differ based on day of appointment (p=0.091)/ between the first & second halves of the year (p=0.059). 138 DNA's were compared with 138 controls who attended the same HF service over a 12-month period in 2021. Mean LVEF was similar between index (35.2%) &control cases (35.2%), NTproBNP did not differ significantly (2306 vs 2365) & no. of comborbid conditions did not differ significantly between groups (7 +/- 2.7 vs 6.8 +/-2.6). DNA's had a higher NYHA class than attenders (p=0.02). Measures of disease burden-recent HF hospitalisation/need for IV diuretics, NTproBNP & no. of comorbid conditions did not show statistical difference between index &control groups. There was a trend towards non-English-speaking patients & new referrals not attending appointments compared to the control group, however this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.06). Comparison of other variables such as gender, history of cognitive impairment/dementia, HF type, aetiology of cardiomyopathy did not influence attendance. (Table 1).

Conclusion(s)

Nonattendance to a HF management programme remained static annually with a mean DNA rate of 7.9% over the 3-year period studied. The present study did not identify any statistically significant clinical factors that influenced nonattendance, though there was a trend towards higher default rate for new patients & non-English speaking patients. NYHA class was higher in non-attenders than attenders though other indirect measures of disease burden did not influence attendance. Non clinical factors should be further studied to identify factors which influence nonattendance in order to develop strategies to minimise non-attendance
The Greek version of the Professional Quality of Life (ProQoL) scale version 5
Authors: Lakatamitou I , Middleton N , Paikousis L , Kouta C , Lambrinou E
Published: July 2022

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Background

The Professional Quality of Life (ProQοL) scale is one of the most widely measures of compassion satisfaction and fatigue used, despite there is not much of published evidence to support its validity. The ProQoL scale assesses multiple domains of work experiences; compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Our aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the Greek version of the ProQoL scale version 5 (Gr-ProQoL-5).

Method

A methodological study was contacted in order to assess the construct validity and reliability of the Gr-ProQoL-5. For that reason, 264 questionnaires were administrated by Greek-Cypriot healthcare professionals (HPs). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were conducted to examine the relationship between the three Gr-ProQoL-5 dimensions (compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress). Cronbach’s a was calculated as well.

Results

CFA for Gr-ProQOL-5, did not confirm the initial scale’s dimensions. In EFA five models were emerged. The models were then tested with CFA and after a panel discussion, the research team decided to keep one final model for the Gr-ProQoL-5. Items 1, 2, 4, 10, 15, 17 and 29 were eliminated from the analysis due to low communalities and multiple components loading. Three components were found representing compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress.

Conclusions

The Gr-ProQoL-5 is an adequate instrument to assess ProQoL in Greek-Cypriot HPs and may be valuable for designing effective interventions to reduce burnout and compassion fatigue, and promote compassion satisfaction of HPs. More than ever and in the era of the pandemic the ProQοL seems to be a necessary quality indicator for health care systems.
Caught between competing emotions and tensions - a focus group study exploring experiences of family caregivers of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors
Authors: Rosenkilde S , Missel M , Wagner M , Dichmann C , Hermansen A S , Larsen M K , Joshi V L , Olsen A D Z , Borregaard B
Published: July 2022

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Background/Introduction

Being a family member caring for an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivor may impact family caregivers’ lives due to the sudden onset of the illness and possible secondary cognitive, emotional and physical challenges. However, experiences of caring for an OHCA survivor are sparsely described.

Purpose

This purpose of this study was to explore the subjective experiences of family caregivers of OHCA survivors as a means of understanding the potential burden they face.

Methods

Using an explorative qualitative approach, six focus group interviews were conducted with a sample of 25 family caregivers of OHCA survivors and analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach inspired by the philosophy of Ricoeur. OHCA survivors and their family caregivers were attenting at a residential rehabilitation course, where the caregivers were interviewed as part of the course.

Results

Three themes emerged: i) Feeling unexpectedly alone and invisible; the family caregivers felt an emotional burden that could not be shared – leading to caregiving being a lonely and anxious experience. The family caregiver felt alone with the responsibility of the shared life, ii) Fear of loss; the fear of losing a loved one was a constant companion contributing to the burden of caregiving, and iii) Adjusting to a new everyday life; the family caregivers had difficulties adjusting to living their lives on the basis of the survivors’ needs. This often resulted in an existential crisis trying to adapt (Figure 1).

Conclusion

The findings of this study illuminate and emphasise the burden experienced by family caregivers and how they can be caught between competing emotions and tensions. The possible caregiver burden following OHCA should be acknowledged.

Systematic screening is needed to identify those at risk of high caregiver burden. Further, collaboration with family care givers should be an essential part of post-cardiac arrest care, and interventions to reduce the burden should be tested and implemented as part of the clinical care of OHCA survivors and their families.
Effects of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with cardiovascular disease and depression on quality of life. A sub-analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Westas M , Mourad G , Andersson G , Lundgren J , Johansson P
Published: July 2022

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Swedish Research Council (2015-02600), ALF grants Region Östergötland (LIO-600321 and LIO-687531)

Background

In patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), depression can cause poorer Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). However, less is known about whether changes in depression over time are associated with changes in HRQoL. We have recently shown that a 9-week internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program had a significant positive treatment effect on depression in CVD patients and that this effect was maintained at 12-month follow-up. If long-term improvements in depression corresponded to improvements in HRQoL was however not investigated.

Purpose

To explore if changes in depression after 9 weeks of iCBT are associated with changes in HRQoL at 12 months follow-up.

Methods

This study is a sub-analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of a nine-week iCBT program for depression in CVD patients. Data from patients who had performed iCBT were analyzed (n=72). Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to measure depression. The 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF12) including the Mental Component Score (MCS) and the Physical Component Score (PCS), and the EQ Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) were used to measure HRQoL. Data was collected at baseline, 9 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. Linear mixed model was used to explore long-term treatment effects on HRQoL. Pearson correlation was used to explore the association between changes in depression and HRQoL at 12-month follow-up.

Results

There was a significant improved treatment effect of iCBT on HRQoL after 12-months (MCS p<.001, PCS p<.032, and EQ-VAS p<.001). Decreased depression was correlated with improved HRQoL after 12-months. The correlation scores between changes in depression and HRQoL were: MCS p<.001, r=-0.62; PCS p<.001, r=-.34; and EQ-VAS r=-.57, p<.001respectively.

Conclusion

Long term improvement in depression was associated with improvement in HRQoL (Figure 1). Interventions that improve depression in CVD patients are also likely to have sustained positive effect on HRQoL.
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for one or three montsh after surgical aortic valve replacement, a feasibility study of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schlyter M
Published: July 2022

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Background

Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common disease. Many patients on the waiting list for surgery cut down on their physical activity resulting in anxiety and reduced physical function. It is important to offer this group exercise-based training in the shape of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after surgery.

Aim

The primary aim was to study the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial studying if there was any differences in change of level of physical activity and functional exercise capacity after one month of training compared to three months of training.

Method

A feasibility study of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with one group receiving one month of CR (group A) versus one group receiving three months of CR (group B). Feasibility was measured in terms of recruitment rate, adherence rate, retention rate, adverse events and the ability to collect primary and secondary outcome measurements. Primary outcome measure was 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and secondary outcome measures were heel-lift, 30-second chair stand test (CST), self-perceived physical activity, level of physical activity, factors limiting functional exercise capacity in daily life and current state of self-perceived health. Thirty patients were included in the result.

Result

Regarding feasibility in this study the recruitment rate was low, but the adherence and retention rates were good. The ability to collect outcome assessment was good and there was only one adverse event. Significant differences were found regarding physical activity and self-perceived health in favor of the three-months training group (group B). There were no differences in 6MWT, heel-lift, CST or physical capacity between the two groups.

Conclusion

This feasibility study showed that recruitment rate was low but other measures of feasibility was satisfactory. Results indicate that a shorter supervised program may be sufficient and may facilitate effective use of resouces.
Effects of remote patient management on self-care behaviour in heart failure patients: results from the TIM-HF2 trial
Authors: Deckwart O , Koehler K , Lezius S , Prescher S , Koehler F , Winkler S
Published: July 2022

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): German Federal Ministry of Education and Research

Background

Remote patient management (RPM) in heart failure (HF) patients is a rapidly developing field of digital cardiology with beneficial clinical effects. RPM might affect HF specific self-care behaviour, which represents an important patient-reported outcome.

Purpose

To investigate the effects of RPM used in the Telemedical Interventional Management in Heart Failure II (TIM-HF2) trial on HF-specific self-care as a prespecified secondary endpoint analysis.

Methods and Results

HF patients who were recently hospitalized and do not suffer from major depression were randomized to either RPM plus Usual Care (UC) or UC only, with a 12-month follow-up. Self-reported self-care behaviour at baseline and study-end were assessed by mean differences of the 9-item European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS-9). 1,538 HF patients (mean age 70.3±10.5 years, 70% men, 52% NYHA class II and 47% NYHA class III, 65% LVEF ≤45%) were included, obtaining 1,321 patients with valid baseline and follow-up questionnaires.

Self-care behaviour sum scores increased in the RPM group (n=667) from 78.7±17 to 84.5±14 and in the UC group (n=654) from 79.0±17 to 80.0±16 from baseline to 12 months (mean difference 4.58 95% CI 3.02, 6.14; p<0.001). The subgroup of patients living alone and having an inadequate (<70) baseline self-care behaviour score showed the highest improvement (8.66[3.52; 13.81]). There were significant changes between both groups in item "I weight myself every day" (MD -1.13; 95% CI -1.24, -1.02; p<0.001), and item "I take my medication as prescribed" (MD -0.06; 95% CI -0.10, -0.01; p=0.014). No relation was found between the self-care behaviour score and the efficacy of RPM on the primary and main secondary endpoints of the TIM-HF2 study.

Conclusions

RPM improves HF-specific self-care behaviour by achieving a better adherence to recommended HF regimen. Clinical endpoints were not affected by the level of self-care behaviour.
Evaluating the usability of a co-designed interactive web application for cardiac rehabilitation.
Authors: Nesbitt K , Beleigoli A , Champion S , Gebremichael L , Jacob A , Du H , Hendriks J , Tirimacco R , Clark R A
Published: July 2022

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Novartis

Background/significance

The rapid development of information technology is driving the evolution of choices of modes of delivery of healthcare services. The internet is an extremely powerful tool for accessing information, and communication. However, involvement of patients in the assessment of such an intervention is crucial, and can be achieved through a person-centred approach, utilising a co-design process with the aim to increase intervention usability.

Purpose

To assess the usability of the Country Access to Cardiac Health (CATCH) Web, an interactive web application for cardiac rehabilitation (CR), co-designed with rural and remote Australians, following the co-design development phase.

Methods

The User Experience (UX) Design framework was used to co-design the web portal with CR patients through two rounds of six co-design workshops pre (n=39), and post (n=35). Participants and family members living in rural and remote areas of Australia were invited to participate based on their eligibility for CR as outlined by the National Heart Foundation of Australia. As part of the UX Design Framework the System Usability Scale (SUS) was used to measure objective feedback from participants on the website design. The SUS assesses the three core components of a products usability: effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction using a 10 question Likert scale. Mean scores were compared between the two rounds of workshops using an independent T-Test. The mean SUS score is categorised into poor to moderate (<68), good (68-80.3) and excellent (>=80.3) and categories were compared between the two rounds of workshops through Chi-Square tests.

Results

The 35 participants in the usability workshops had a mean age of 68.6 (SD 11.2) years and 16 (47%) were female (Table 1). The majority had experienced a myocardial infarction (15, 42.8%) and had hyperlipidemia (17, 50%), heart failure (15, 44%), hypertension (14, 41%), and Type II diabetes (7, 21%). Of these participants 20 (59%) used a smart phone, 18 (58%) had access to the National Broadband Network and 20 (59%) engaged with Facebook. From the first to the second round of workshops, there was an improvement in the mean SUS scores from 66.7 (SD16.8) to 73.6 (SD 21.0); p=0.26. The proportion of participants rating it as good or excellent increased from 48.7 to 65.8%; p=0.11 (Figure1).

Conclusion

The usability testing of the interactive CATCH web application showed an improvement in the SUS rating from poor to moderate in the co-design development phase to good or excellent by most of the participants in the usability testing phase. Usability is closely related to engagement with a digital health intervention. Upcoming evaluation of this intervention will report on clinical outcomes.
De Novo-Whole Genome Assembly of the Roborovski Dwarf Hamster (Phodopus roborovskii) Genome: An Animal Model for Severe/Critical COVID-19
Authors: Andreotti Sandro , Altmüller Janine , Quedenau Claudia , Borodina Tatiana , Nouailles Geraldine , Teixeira Alves Luiz Gustavo , Landthaler Markus , Bieniara Maximilian , Trimpert Jakob , Wyler Emanuel
Published: July 2022

The Roborovski dwarf hamster Phodopus roborovskii belongs to the Phodopus genus, one of the seven within Cricetinae subfamily. Like other rodents such as mice, rats, or ferrets, hamsters can be important animal models for a range of diseases. Whereas the Syrian hamster from the genus Mesocricetus is now widely used as a model for mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019, Roborovski dwarf hamster shows a severe-to-lethal course of disease upon infection with the novel human coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Reduction of Excitatory Synaptic Transmission Efficacy in the Infralimbic Prefrontal Cortex Potentially Contributes to Impairment of Contextual Fear Memory Extinction in Aged Mice
Authors: Shan Qiang , Yu Xiaoxuan , Tian Yao
Published: July 2022

Human beings are living longer than ever before and the cognitive decline experienced by aged adults, such as compromise in cognitive flexibility, has been attracting more and more attention. One such example is the aging-related impairment of memory extinction. However, its underlying neural basis, especially its functional basis at the synapse level, is largely unknown. This study verifies that Pavlovian contextual fear memory extinction is impaired in aged mice. A large body of previous studies has shown that the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (ilPFC) plays a pivotal role in memory extinction. Correspondingly, this study reveals an aging-related reduction in the efficacy of excitatory synaptic transmission onto the ilPFC pyramidal neurons via electrophysiology recordings. This study further suggests that this reduced excitation potentially contributes to the aging-related impairment of contextual fear memory extinction: chemogenetically suppressing the activity of the ilPFC pyramidal neurons in young mice impairs contextual fear memory extinction, whereas chemogenetically compensating for the reduced excitation of the ilPFC pyramidal neurons in aged mice restores contextual fear memory extinction. This study identifies a functional synaptic plasticity in the ilPFC pyramidal neurons that potentially contributes to the aging-related impairment of contextual fear memory extinction, which would potentially help to develop a therapy to treat related cognitive decline in aged human adults.
The fruit glossiness locus, dull fruit (D), encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor, CsDULL, in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Zhai Xuling , Wu Haoying , Wang Yaru , Zhang Zhongren , Shan Li , Zhao Xi , Wang Ruijia , Liu Chang , Weng Yiqun , Wang Ying , Liu Xingwang , Ren Huazhong
Published: July 2022

Fruit glossiness is an important external fruit quality trait for fresh-consumed cucumber fruit, affecting its marketability. Dull fruit appearance is mainly controlled by a single gene, D (for dull fruit) that is dominant to glossy fruit (dd), but the molecular mechanism controlling fruit glossiness is unknown. In the present study, we conducted map-based cloning of the D locus in cucumber and identified a candidate gene (Csa5G577350) that encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor, CsDULL. A 4895-bp deletion including the complete loss of CsDULL resulted in glossy fruit. CsDULL is highly expressed in the peel of cucumber fruit, and its expression level is positively correlated with the accumulation of cutin and wax in the peel. Through transcriptome analysis, yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays, we identified two genes potentially targeted by CsDULL for regulation of cutin and wax biosynthesis/transportation that included CsGPAT4 and CsLTPG1. The possibility that CsDULL controls both fruit glossiness and wart development in cucumber is discussed. The present work advances our understanding of regulatory mechanisms of fruit epidermal traits, and provides a useful tool for molecular breeding to improve external fruit quality in cucumber.
Atomic aesthetics: gender, visualization and popular culture in Egypt
Authors: Taha Hebatalla
Published: July 2022

How was the atomic age visualized in Egypt in the years immediately after the creation of the bomb? What role did gendered images, symbols and metaphors play in narrating and normalizing nuclear technology? How can these help us understand nuclear policy today? This article engages visual and textual media, including satirical magazines, cultural journals and film. It presents a plurality of images: the depiction of the bomb as an egg, as a miniscule and aesthetically pleasing object, alongside more alarming illustrations of the bomb as a monster. Through fluid and unstable visualizations, nationalist modernizers highlighted the ambivalence of nuclear technology, seen as containing potential for postcolonial rebirth and global death simultaneously. By exploring nuclear imaginaries from the decolonizing world, the article challenges the dominant narratives, histories and aesthetics of the atomic age. Despite the continuous reiteration of nuclear weapons as masculine in feminist International Relations, this conceptualization is not necessarily universal, and this research illustrates that feminizing nuclear imagery can still reinforce the nuclearized world. Considering visualization from, and not only of, the global South, the article emphasizes that people in non-nuclear weapons-possessing states also participated in the production of the nuclear-armed world and in discussions on the nuclear condition.
Alterations in the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Following Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Safarpour Ali Reza , Shojaei-Zarghani Sara , Mehrabi Manoosh , Keshtkar Abbas Ali , Oroojan Ali Akbar , Sivandzadeh Gholam Reza
Published: July 2022

Background

This study aimed to systematically review and pool data regarding the alterations in the clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) following liver transplantation (LT).

Methods

Relevant prospective and retrospective observational studies were identified by searching databases and gray literature through December 2020. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled frequency of IBD patients with disease course alterations (“improved,” “unchanged,” or “aggravated”) after LT and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Twenty-five studies met our inclusion criteria, reporting the outcomes in 2 or 3 categories. In the analysis of studies with 3-category outcomes (n = 13), the pooled frequencies of patients with improved, unchanged, or aggravated IBD course after LT were 29.4% (95% CI, 16.9% to 41.9%), 51.4% (95% CI, 45.5% to 57.3%), and 25.2% (95% CI, 15.6% to 34.8%), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), younger age at LT, or shorter duration of follow-up were more likely to have an improved disease course. Moreover, higher IBD exacerbation estimates were observed in studies with a low risk of bias. In the analysis of studies with 2-category outcomes (n = 12), the pooled frequencies of patients with improved/unchanged or aggravated IBD course were 73.6% (95% CI, 62.2% to 85.0%) and 24.1% (95% CI, 15.1% to 33.2%), respectively. The cumulative incidence of an exacerbated IBD course following LT was 0.22 (95% CI, 0.16-0.29; P < .001).

Conclusion

We conclude that IBD activity remains unchanged (or improved/unchanged) in most IBD patients following LT. Furthermore, IBD type, age, and follow-up length can influence the IBD course after LT.
A C0 finite element method for the biharmonic problem with Navier boundary conditions in a polygonal domain
Authors: Li Hengguang , Yin Peimeng , Zhang Zhimin
Published: July 2022

In this paper we study the biharmonic equation with Navier boundary conditions in a polygonal domain. In particular, we propose a method that effectively decouples the fourth-order problem as a system of Poisson equations. Our method differs from the naive mixed method that leads to two Poisson problems but only applies to convex domains; our decomposition involves a third Poisson equation to confine the solution in the correct function space, and therefore can be used in both convex and nonconvex domains. A $C^0$ finite element algorithm is in turn proposed to solve the resulting system. In addition, we derive optimal error estimates for the numerical solution on both quasi-uniform meshes and graded meshes. Numerical test results are presented to justify the theoretical findings.
Outcomes of Patients with Burns Associated with Home Oxygen Therapy: An Institutional Retrospective Review
Authors: Yoon Joshua S , Khoo Kimberly H , Puthumana Joseph S , Pérez Rivera Lucas R , Keller Patrick R , Lagziel Tomer , Cox Carrie A , Caffrey Julie , Galiatsatos Panagis , Hultman C Scott
Published: July 2022

Home oxygen therapy (HOT) burns carry high morbidity and mortality. Many patients are active smokers, which is the most frequent cause of oxygen ignition. We conducted a retrospective review at our institution to characterize demographics and outcomes in this patient population. An IRB-approved single-institution retrospective review was conducted for home oxygen therapy burn patients between July 2016 and January 2021. Demographic and clinical outcome data were compared between groups. We identified 100 patients with oxygen therapy burns. Mean age was 66.6 years with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1 and median burn surface area of 1%. In these patients, 97% were on oxygen for COPD and smoking caused 83% of burns. Thirteen were discharged from the emergency department, 35 observed for less than 24 hours, and 52 admitted. For admitted patients, 69.2% were admitted to the ICU, 37% required intubation, and 11.5% required debridement and grafting. Inhalational injury was found in 26.9% of patients, 3.9% underwent tracheostomy, and 17.3% experienced hospital complications. In-hospital mortality was 9.6% and 7.7% were discharged to hospice. 13.5% required readmission within 30 days. Admitted patients had significantly higher rates of admission to the ICU, intubation, and inhalational injury compared to those that were not admitted (P < .01). Most HOT-related burns are caused by smoking and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Efforts to educate and encourage smoking cessation with more judicious HOT allocation would assist in preventing these unnecessary highly morbid injuries.
Biomodifying the ‘natural’: from Adaptive Regulation to Adaptive Societal Governance
Authors: Mourby Miranda , Bell Jessica , Morrison Michael , Faulkner Alex , Li Phoebe , Bicudo Edison , Webster Andrew , Kaye Jane
Published: July 2022

Biomodifying technologies—such as gene editing, induced pluripotent stem cells, and bioprinting—are being developed for a wide range of applications, from pest control to lab-grown meat. In medicine, regulators have responded to the challenge of evaluating modified ‘natural’ material as a therapeutic ‘product’ by introducing more flexible assessment schemes. Attempts have also been made to engage stakeholders across the globe on the acceptable parameters for these technologies, particularly in the case of gene editing. Regulatory flexibility and stakeholder engagement are important, but a broader perspective is also needed to respond to the potential disruption of biomodification. Our case-study technologies problematize basic ideas—such as ‘nature’, ‘product’, and ‘donation’—that underpin the legal categories used to regulate biotechnology. Where such foundational concepts are rendered uncertain, a socially responsive and sustainable solution would involve exploring evolutions in these concepts across different societies. We suggest that the global observatory model is a good starting point for this ‘Adaptive Societal Governance’ approach, in which a self-organizing network of scholars and interested parties could carry out the multi-modal (meta)analyses needed to understand societal constructions of ideas inherent to our understanding of ‘life’.
Transformation or Conformation? The English Broadside Ballad and the Playhouse, 1797–1844
Authors: Bartlett Georgina
Published: July 2022

This article considers the migration of theatre music into the English broadside ballad tradition from 1797 to 1844, the most prolific era of the broadside during which the fierce professional competitors John Pitts (active 1797–1844) and James Catnach (active 1813–41) operated their presses in the Seven Dials, near London’s patent theatres. The discussion is based on the findings of a database that was constructed systematically to cross-reference 520 theatrical works from the London stage with 11,432 broadside songs of this period from the Bodleian Library’s broadside collections. By considering the scale and mechanism of the migration of theatre music into the broadside tradition—as well as examining the characteristics of the songs themselves—this article explores the effects of theatre music on nineteenth-century street literature and song, evaluating the ways in which theatre songs transformed the broadside tradition, and the ways in which they conformed to it.
Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening Exams, Adverse Events, and Music Therapy: A Case Series
Authors: Bakouros Susan , Rarey Kristin , Evered John
Published: July 2022

Preterm (PT) infants are routinely screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). After ROP screening exams, PT infants are at risk for adverse events (AEs), including apnea and bradycardia (ABD), respiratory decompensation, infection, and gastrointestinal complications. Music therapy (MT) has been shown to improve overall physiologic stability in PT infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In this case series, a board-certified music therapist used a music therapy protocol during 47 ROP screening exams. The study’s purpose was to explore the potential effects of NICU MT on AEs linked to ROP screening. No infant had any respiratory decompensation, new infection, or other complications. The rate of ABD after screening exams was low. MT during ROP screening appears safe and feasible. We hypothesize that MT might prevent ABD associated with ROP screening, a theory that could be effectively studied in a randomized controlled trial.
Variations in energy of cyclotron lines with double structures formed in a line-forming region with bulk motion in accreting X-ray pulsars
Authors: Nishimura Osamu
Published: July 2022

We show that variations in the energy of a cyclotron resonant scattering feature with luminosity can be explained by considering a variation of the bulk velocity of infalling matter in the two-dimensional structure of an accretion column. Variations in the energy of a cyclotron line with luminosity are computed by taking into account the variation in gradient of the bulk velocity with luminosity in a line-forming region. We mainly discuss the positive correlation between the energy of the cyclotron line $E_{cyc}$ at the fundamental and the luminosity as observed in the spectra of GX 304−1, A0535+262, and Vela X-1, considering a change in gradient of the bulk velocity in the line-forming region with luminosity in addition to a change of altitude of the line-forming region with luminosity. Consequently, we demonstrate that the change in the observed line energy with luminosity can be successfully reproduced by a variation in bulk velocity due to radiation pressure as well as the altitude of an accretion mound.
Preferred Communication Strategies Used by Physical Therapists in Chronic Pain Rehabilitation: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Chapman Chelsea R , Woo Nathan T , Maluf Katrina S
Published: July 2022

Objective

Lack of clarity regarding effective communication behaviors in chronic pain management is a barrier for implementing psychologically informed physical therapy approaches that rely on competent communication by physical therapist providers. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-synthesis to inform the development of a conceptual framework for preferred communication behaviors in pain rehabilitation.

Methods

Ten databases in the health and communication sciences were systematically searched for qualitative and mixed-method studies of interpersonal communication between physical therapists and adults with chronic pain. Two independent investigators extracted quotations with implicit and explicit references to communication and study characteristics following Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Methodological quality for individual studies was assessed with Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, and quality of evidence was evaluated with GRADE-CERQual. An inductive thematic synthesis was conducted by coding each quotation, developing descriptive themes, and then generating behaviorally distinct analytical themes.

Results

Eleven studies involving 346 participants were included. The specificity of operationalizing communication terms varied widely. Meta-synthesis identified 8 communication themes: (1) disclosure-facilitating, (2) rapport-building, (3) empathic, (4) collaborative, (5) professional accountability, (6) informative, (7) agenda-setting, and (8) meta-communication. Based on the quality of available evidence, confidence was moderate for 4 themes and low for 4 themes.

Conclusion

This study revealed limited operationalization of communication behaviors preferred by physical therapists in chronic pain rehabilitation. A conceptual framework based on 8 communication themes identified from the literature is proposed as a preliminary paradigm to guide future research.

Impact

This proposed evidence-based conceptual framework for preferred communication behaviors in pain rehabilitation provides a framework for clinicians to reflect on their own communication practices and will allow researchers to identify if and how specific communication behaviors impact clinical outcomes.