bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discursive Tensions in South African Higher Education, 1990 to 2002
Authors: Kraak André
Published: September 2004

This article focuses on the impact of several competing discourses on higher education (HE) policy formulation in South Africa in the post apartheid period. It argues that there has never been a strong consensus in the HE community regarding the content of a new policy framework. In particular, the analysis focuses on the limits imposed by the neoliberal macro-economic policy framework, Growth, Employment and Redistribution, which drastically reduced the new state’s abilities to coherently steer and plan the fundamental reconstruction and transformation of HE. The article also examines the most recent phase in the development of HE policy, which has been largely to do with attaining institutional efficiencies through mergers—a key element of HE restructuring across the globe during the past two decades. The analysis concludes by arguing that this final phase is best characterised as a period of discursive stalemate.
Internationalising a Rural, Historically Black South African University
Authors: Welch Anthony Rogers , Yang Rui , Wolhuter Charste Coetzee
Published: September 2004

A strong international dimension has always been and is increasingly becoming an essential ingredient of the university. This article investigates the state of and prospects for internationalisation of an extremely peripheral and historically marginalised South African university. Questionnaires and semistructured interviews with academic and administrative staff were employed. Although the level of internationalisation of the university appears higher than what the university’s geographical location and history might suggest, it has a long way to go. Although there is unanimity as to the importance and need for more internationalisation, there appears to be widespread uncertainty amongst academicians and administrators regarding what internationalisation means in their immediate work and what should be done to advance internationalisation. The article concludes with the recommendation that an institutional policy and plan for internationalisation should be set in place, and that comparative educational research should play a key role in informing such a policy and plan.
Emotions as Strategic Signals
Authors: Ross Don , Dumouchel Paul
Published: September 2004

In this article, we ask how much, if anything, of Robert Frank’s (1988, 2004) theory of emotions as evolved strategic commitment devices can survive rejection of its underlying game-theoretic model. Frank’s thesis is that emotions serve to prevent people from reneging on threats and promises with enough reliability to support cooperative equilibria in prisoner’s dilemmas and similar games with inefficient dominant equilibria. We begin by showing that Frank, especially in light of recent revisions to the theory, must be interpreted as endorsing a version of so-called ‘constrained maximization’ as proposed by Gauthier (1986). This concept has been subjected to devastating criticism by Binmore (1994), which we endorse: no consistent mathematical sense can be made of games in which constrained maximization is allowed. However, this leaves open the question of whether Frank has identified a genuine empirical phenomena by means of his confused theoretical model. We argue that he in fact has; but that seeing this depends on our rejecting a muddled folk-psychological model of emotions, which Frank himself follows, according to which emotions are inner states of people. Instead, following Dennett (1987, 1991) and other so-called ‘externalist’ philosophers of cognitive science, we argue that emotions, properly speaking, are social signals coded in culturally evolved intentional conventions that find their identity conditions outside of individuals, in the social environment. As such, their evolutionary proper functions lie in their capacity to enable individuals to solve what we call ‘game determination’ problems - that is, coordination on multiple-equilibrium meta-games over which base-games to play. This allows emotions to indeed serve as commitment devices in assurance games (though not in prisoner’s dilemmas). Thus the empirical core of Frank’s thesis is recovered, though only by way of drastic revisions to both the game theory and the psychology incorporated in his model.
Acculturation and Adherence: Issues for Health Care Providers Working with Clients of Mexican Origin
Authors: Barron Florencia , Hunter Anita , Mayo Rachel , Willoughby Deborah
Published: September 2004

Providing care to clients who come from different countries is a challenge for the American health care providers as they traverse the issues of cultural health beliefs and practices and language and knowledge deficits. It is just as difficult for the clients as they face new cultural customs, language barriers, and unfamiliar health care systems and medical management plans. Both parties face acculturation and adherence challenges. This article intends to address these issues as they pertain to clients of Mexican origin and to identify key points to be considered by providers when working with this population.
Colonialization: A Health Determinant for Pregnant Dogrib Women
Authors: Moffitt Pertice M.
Published: September 2004

Childbirth for many Aboriginal women living in remote communities of the Northwest Territories, Canada, includes separation from their family and community for weeks at a time. This colonialization of childbirth, enforced for decades, is true for Dogrib Dene. Colonialization produces serious social consequences on the everyday lives of pregnant Aboriginal women, which results in lower health outcomes. This article provides a literature review of colonialization in Canada’s far north establishing the position that colonialization is a determinant of health. The purpose of this article is to generate knowledge that will inform health professionals and ultimately reduce health disparities as experienced and evident among Dogrib women. By highlighting the concept of colonialization and establishing this concept as a determinant of health, nurses and midwives will identify disparities created through stressors of power and control. From there, culturally meaningful health promotion strategies will be developed and implemented within their nursing practice.
“Nobody Ever Asked Me Before”: Understanding Life Experiences of African American Elders
Authors: Shellman Juliette
Published: September 2004

With the unprecedented growth in the African American elderly population, there exists an urgent need to prepare nurses to deliver culturally competent care. The purpose of this study was to increase the knowledge available about the cultural heritage, worldviews, and life experiences of African American elders. Reminiscence interviews were conducted with African American elders living in a medium-sized northeast urban community. Data were analyzed using Spiegelberg’s phenomenological method. The following themes emerged: (a) nobody ever asked me before, (b) stories of discrimination, (c) coping with discrimination, (d) the hurt of discrimination, and (e) self-discoveries. Nurses, through the use of reminiscence, can gain insight into the cultural heritage, worldviews, and life experiences of African American elders and improve their ability to deliver culturally competent care to this population.
Conceptualizing and Critiquing Culture in Health Research
Authors: Kao Hsueh-Fen S. , Hsu Min-Tao , Clark Lauren
Published: September 2004

Given the growing diversity of U.S. society, the federal mandates for health research with multicultural populations, and persistent confusion about the concept of culture, the purpose of this article is to present various definitions and biases of culture as found in current nursing research. By addressing various definitions and biases, the debates can help investigators become more culturally sensitive, avoid serious pitfalls, and eventually ensure the provision of culturally competent health care. Authors familiar with concepts of culture in research recommend investigators use culture in their health research, including strengthening research designs, embedding culture into research models, using culture-sensitive instruments, employing emic perspectives, and replicating interventions across diverse and changing populations.
Crisis Simulations: Exploring Tomorrow’s Vulnerabilities and Threats
Authors: Boin Arjen , Kofman-Bos Celesta , Overdijk Werner
Published: September 2004

In the wake of the 11 September 2001 attacks, crisis management has become reprioritized in both the public and the corporate sector. The authors argue that crisis simulations can and should be a crucial feature of preparatory efforts to deal with crises. Drawing from crisis management literature, and their own experience with crisis simulations, they explore how different types of crisis simulations can help crisis managers to prepare for “traditional” disasters as well as modern crises and contingencies.
The Criterion Validity of Omitted Client Information as an Indicator of Suicide Risk: A Partial Replication
Authors: Nugent William R. , Hicks Deana , Smith Melinda
Published: September 2004

The purpose of the research reported in this article was to replicate findings reported by Nugent and Williams-Hayes that suggested that there is a relationship between missing information on demographic items found on client intake forms and severity of suicidal ideation. Replication of these results would have important implications for social work practitioners. A secondary analysis of 153 sets of responses to measures from a previous study was conducted to test 3 hypotheses concerning the relationship between suicidal potential and failure to report income on a demographic questionnaire. The results partially replicated those of Nugent and Williams-Hayes and provided further evidence of a relationship between missing information on an intake-like form and suicidal thinking. These findings support the use of omitted information on client intake forms as predictors of suicidal ideation by social work practitioners and other professionals in a variety of practice settings.
Postabortion Grief: Evaluating the Possible Efficacy of a Spiritual Group Intervention
Authors: Layer Susan Dyer , Roberts Cleora , Wild Kelli , Walters Jan
Published: September 2004

Objective: Although not every woman is negatively affected by an abortion, researchers have identified a subgroup of women susceptible to grief and trauma. The primary providers for postabortion grief (PAG) groups are community faith-based agencies. Principle features of PAG are shame and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Method: This study measured the efficacy of a spiritually based grief group intervention for women grieving an abortion. Thirty-five women completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R) and the Internalized Shame Scale (ISS) pre- and postintervention along with posttest open-ended questions. Results: Postintervention measures indicated significant decrease in shame (p < .000) and PTSD symptoms (p < .002). More than 80% reported their religious beliefs and the spiritual intervention played a strong to very strong role in the group. Conclusion: Social workers need to screen for PAG with a postabortive woman and when appropriate refer her to agencies offering such groups.
Issues of Representation within Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Mantzoukas Stefanos
Published: September 2004

Although qualitative inquiry has developed into a popularized and very useful way of conducting research within the health sciences, there has been a relatively disproportionate amount of literature devoted to “who“ is represented in such inquiries. It is most often assumed that the end text should present an objective, value-free, and accurate representation of the participants and therefore exclude by all means the researcher’s presence from the study. Although this might hold grounds for some inquiries, it is not necessarily the norm of a qualitative research. In this article, the author argues that the representation of the researcher in qualitative inquiries is inevitable, and the exclusion, or not, of the researcher from the text is a mere conventional agreement founded on a paradigmatic consensus. He concludes with the notion that there is a correlation between issues of representation and the researcher’s stated epistemological and ontological assumptions.
Is Quality of Life a Healthy Concept? Measuring and Understanding Life Experiences of Older People
Authors: Hendry Fiona , McVittie Chris
Published: September 2004

The concept of quality of life has received considerable attention as an inclusive notion of health and as a basis for health interventions. The authors’ argument in this article is that notwithstanding this attention, little consensus exists as to definition of the term. In addition, a focus on measurement has led to the neglect of wider aspects of quality of life. Such difficulties are particularly relevant to the study of quality of life of older people. Analysis of interview data suggests that older people’s understandings of quality of life are not readily measurable and should be viewed in terms of phenomenological experience. The authors discuss the implications for studying quality of life of this group and difficulties for the concept itself.
Premises, Principles, and Practices in Qualitative Research: Revisiting the Foundations
Authors: Charmaz Kathy
Published: September 2004

In this keynote address, the author focuses on what we bring to qualitative inquiry and how we conduct our research. What we do, why we do it, and how we do it remain contested issues. She proposes that we look at our methodological premises anew, revisit our principles, and revise our practices. Throughout this address, she draws on Goffman’s methodological insights to provide a foundation for reassessing qualitative inquiry. She argues that researchers can build on Goffman’s ideas to strengthen their methodological practices and research products. Last, she counters current institutional scrutiny of qualitative inquiry and suggests unacknowledged benefits of this work.
So You’re Thinking of Trying Problem Based Learning?: Three Critical Success Factors for Implementation
Authors: Peterson Tim O.
Published: September 2004

Problem-based learning (PBL) shifts the traditional teaching paradigm. Rather than being teacher centered, PBL is student centered. Rather than presenting content first, PBL presents the problem first. Rather than presenting the students with a well-structured problem with a clear answer, PBL presents the students with an ill-structured problem with no clear solution. The research evidence, although still limited, indicates that PBL is more effective than the traditional teaching paradigm. However, to implement PBL successfully requires significant rethinking. The article examines three critical success factors essential for making PBL successful in management education. Those critical success factors are orienting students to this new instructional strategy, picking the problem, and forming the teams. The author shares his experiences using PBL and an instrument he has found useful in forming the teams.
Sole Survivor: A Case Study to Evaluate the Dual-Process Model of Grief in Multiple Loss
Authors: Hunt Jennifer
Published: September 2004

In Zimbabwe, deaths due to AIDS are common, and the traditional grief models do not account for the ability of families to survive in the face of consecutive and concurrent deaths. A case study is presented to describe a situation of multiple deaths in Zimbabwe, and the dual-process model of grief is used to assess its applicability. Areas of fit and discordance are identified.
A Painting of Loss and Grief
Authors: Hodder Ruth
Published: September 2004

This article names and explores the losses the author's mother (sufferer) and/or the author (caregiver) have experienced through Alzheimer's disease over the course of the past seven years. The author approaches the topic of loss through Alzheimer's by applying Simone de Beauvoir's principle that old age is as much a cultural reality as it is a biological one. She does so by drawing rich imagery from her mixed and complex cultural and religious background, as well as from literature, music, and the visual arts. She also refers to the diary written by her grandmother, a survivor of the 1915 genocide of the Armenian Turks by Ottoman Turkey, and draws parallels between her grandmother's losses, her mother's losses, and her own losses.
A New Vision for Counseling
Authors: Glasser William
Published: September 2004

Counselors, to their own and their clients’detriment, have been following the lead of psychiatrists, using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to diagnose what psychiatrists have decided to call mental illness (e.g., schizophrenia, clinical depression, and bipolar disease). But as of now, the psychiatrists have not provided evidence of brain pathology to support these diagnoses. Furthermore, psychiatrists, who completely disregard mental health, still claim to be members of the mental health establishment. This article suggests to the counseling profession that they publicize the fact that they are true mental health professionals who have been improving mental health for more than 50 years without drugs. The author, who has never prescribed a brain drug, suggests they take a close look at choice theory, the mental health concept he has now added to his reality therapy to help clients toward better mental health with no danger of doing any harm.
Professional Counseling and Dr. Glasser: A Relationship Based on Reality and Choice
Authors: Pope Mark
Published: September 2004

This article looks at the historic foundations of professional counseling and then summarizes William Glasser’s most recent ideas as presented in this issue of The Family Journal. Although psychiatry, psychology, and social work have embraced the medical and mental illness models, professional counseling continues to have a strong focus on health, wellness, growth, development, and prevention. Professional counselors know that Glasser is correct when he asserts that mental health (as opposed to illness) is most important.
The Possibility of Combining Solutions to Air Pollution with Policies for Social Improvement through Transformation of SOx and NOx into Fertilizer: Data Obtained from the Szechwan Project
Authors: Kikuchi Ryunosuke
Published: September 2004

Pollutant emissions from developing countries are on the rise. Many of these countries are also suffering from social problems including poverty, food shortages, and unemployment. Agricultural development is a major key to better crop production, solution of the food shortage problem, as well as to job creation and income generation. Common flue gas desulfurization (FGD) that uses the wet limestone process for removing sulfur dioxide (SO2) from flue gas is not directly related to agriculture but is proposed as a means of transforming major air pollutants (sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides) into agricultural fertilizer. This concept would contribute to the environment and economic development (agriculture in particular). Its feasibility is analyzed from different viewpoints—pollution control technology, secondary pollution, the fertilizer market, economic performance based on the Szechwan project, the effect of fertilization on agricultural productivity and soil quality, and the contribution of agriculture to society as a whole.
Thinking Globally and Acting Locally: Can the Johannesburg Partnerships Coordinate Action on Sustainable Development?
Authors: Hale Thomas N. , Mauzerall Denise L.
Published: September 2004

At the 2002 UN World Summit on Sustainable Development, a new multi-stakeholder partnerships initiative was launched. It was hoped that partnerships would catalyze nongovernmental participation in and additional funding of sustainable development projects around the world. The authors find that at present, however, little partnership financing is coming from new sources; most is coming from governments and less than 1% from the private sector. Guided by empirical findings from the partnerships to date, we propose the following to make the partnership program more effective: (a) establishing a learning network; (b) increasing the transparency of partnerships; (c) increasing private sector and small stakeholder participation; (d) establishingan institutional home to support partnerships; and (e) ensuring that the partnerships are consistent with multilateral priorities.
New Evidence on Instrumental, Conceptual, and Symbolic Utilization of University Research in Government Agencies
Authors: Amara Nabil , Ouimet Mathieu , Landry RÉjean
Published: September 2004

This article addresses three questions: What is the extent of instrumental, conceptual, and symbolic use of university research in government agencies? Are there differences between the policy domains in regard to the extent of each type of use? What are the determinants of instrumental, conceptual, and symbolic use of university research? Based on a survey of 833 government officials, the results suggest that (1) the three types of use of research simultaneously play a significant role in government agencies, (2) there are large differences between policy domains in regard to research utilization, and (3) a small number of determinants explain the increase of instrumental, conceptual, and symbolic utilization of research in a different way.
The Scent of Positive Lives: (Re)Memorializing Our Loved Ones
Authors: Kelly Angela , Kerner Aaron
Published: September 2004

This experimental piece, after establishing the mutual experience of the death of a loved one, explores the authors’experience of being involved in and attending the international photographic exhibition Positive Lives that documents the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS and those that care and support them. This article focuses on one of the stories, Andrew Knox, the primary author’s partner, who died with AIDS dementia. Relating to those who suffer the symptoms of dementia confronts us with a terrifying thought: we too might forget. Using Barthes’s text Camera Lucida, the authors turn to the use of photographs from Positive Lives and personal snapshots as a way to memorialize those they have loved and lost. What was once a personal and individual memory, the primary author’s experience of her partner’s life and death with HIV/AIDS, is now shared and “entangled” within the cultural and collective memory and history of HIV.
True Confessions of an Eight-Year-Old Warrior
Authors: Cunningham Ken
Published: September 2004

Within the post–9/11 context of more aggressive, preemptive U.S. foreign policy, the author gives an autoethnographic account of growing up absorbed with war within the American culture of violence of the Vietnam period. Childhood fantasies and enactments of violence and destruction in the playing of war games and football are juxtaposed with print media accounts of “real war.” The article offers critical theoretical reflections on the lived experience of U.S. violence culture, its normalcy and “taken-for-grantedness,” and the ways it reinforces hegemonic ideologies of national-identity discourse and war making. The author theorizes the social-contextual requirements for the development of counterhegemonic critical consciousness, ideology critique, dissent, and protest.
Pushing Forward: Disability, Basketball, and Me
Authors: Berger Ronald J.
Published: September 2004

Wheelchair basketball offers an ethnographic space through which this article connects a familial story of survival to the author’s evolving engagement with disability. The author has been looking for role models, for people who might offer guidance to help his family cope with his daughter’s disability. The story of Melvin Juette, a Chicago gang member turned world-class wheelchair athlete, was the inspiration for embarking on a research project about wheelchair sports. Melvin’s perseverance in the face of adversity illustrates the dynamic interface between agency and structure and suggests a way to move beyond the “supercrip” critique that is prevalent in the disability studies literature. Melvin’s story and others like his have emboldened the author and helped him to view social difference as enabling rather than as disabling.
The Impact of Father-to-Mother Aggression on the Structure and Content of Adolescents’ Perceptions of Themselves and their Parents
Authors: Winstok Zeev , Eisikovits Zvi , Karnieli-Miller Orit
Published: September 2004

This study examined the differential influence of the father’s level of aggression toward the mother on adolescents’ perceptions of their parents and of themselves and how these perceptions are interrelated. This study consisted of a probability sample of 1,014 Jewish Israeli youth between the ages of 13 and 18. The findings indicate that in cases in which there was no father-to-mother aggression, adolescents held a coherent image structure of the family members. With the emergence and increase in aggression, the coherence deteriorated. In cases of mild aggression, youths tended to identify with their fathers. As aggression intensified, in cases of severe aggression, the identification with the aggressor was increasingly difficult, and the youths tended to identify with their mother. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Welfare Reform, Domestic Violence, and Employment
Authors: Riger Stephanie , Staggs Susan L.
Published: September 2004

Welfare reforms enacted in 1996 require that recipients work to receive benefits. Advocates for battered women feared that abusive men would escalate violence in response to independence brought to women by employment. Yet research on employment, domestic violence, and welfare reform has yielded mixed findings. The authors review those findings and propose that a context-sensitive social-psychological perspective identifying relevant dimensions of culture and measuring partner’s employment may be more useful than a focus only on characteristics of women. Findings suggest that inclusion of generous work supportsin welfare legislation may help reducepoverty and domestic violence.
Race and Racial Attitudes a Decade after the 1992 Los Angeles Riots
Authors: Marks Mara A. , Barreto Matt A. , Woods Nathan D.
Published: September 2004

A decade after the 1992 Los Angeles riots, half of residents surveyed report they anticipate another riot. Pessimism concerning the prospect of futureriots is associated with negative assessments of life in Los Angeles—most notably negative perceptions of racial issues in the city. Demographic attributes including income, educational attainment, and duration of residency in Los Angeles are also associated with expectations of future riots. Racial or ethnic identity, however, have no appreciable direct or mediating impact on expectations of future riots, a striking findingin light of the central place race occupiesin social science research and public discourse.
Mayors, Governance Coalitions, and Strategic Capacity
Authors: Gissendanner Scott
Published: September 2004

A comparison of two German cities responding in the 1980s to de industrialization directs our attention toward factors that explain how leaders build governance and strategic capacities: a “crisis” situation, higher level government aid, party ties and low party competition, solidarity, friendship,andmomentum.Factors that donot explain variation in these cases include the formal resources of strong-mayor city charters and the existence of a governance coalition. Mayors are in a unique position to increase governance capacity through in formal means, and if they do, they often also increase strategic capacity. This effect is, however, short term at best.
Preliminary Results of the London Congestion Charging Scheme
Authors: Santos Georgina , Shaffer Blake
Published: September 2004

On February 17, 2003, the London Congestion Charging Scheme came into effect. Preliminary results show a significant response to the £5 (U.S. $8) charge. Congestion over the first year decreased by 30%. Overall traffic levels within the charging zone fell by 16%. Speeds for car travel increased by more than 20%, and bus travel became more reliable. Elasticities of demand for trips by car with respect to generalized costs are estimated to be between –1.32 and –2.10. The average marginal congestion cost within the central zone is estimated at £1.65/vehicle-km (approximatelyU.S. $2.58/vehicle-km). The net economic benefits of the Scheme for the first year were £50 million (U.S. $78 million) and the net revenues, £68 million (U.S. $106 million). Net revenues are mainly being used to improve public transport.
The Great Energy Efficiency Debate
Authors: Callahan Kateri
Published: September 2004

Shocking increases in the costs of various forms of energy, and shortages of some resources, now cast energy efficiency as an overarching issue in terms of the environment, consumer pricing, employment, and national security. In this commentary, the author calls for the continued development of new technologies, supported by broader governmental policies and programs, to meet growing worldwide energy demands.
Does Government Spending Crowd Out Donations of Time and Money?
Authors: Simmons Walter O. , Emanuele Rosemarie
Published: September 2004

The authors examine data on giving and volunteering to determine whether public provision of social services and other public goods affects donations of time and money and provides evidence of crowding out. They find a negative and statistically significant relationship between government spending and donations of money and time. They also find that volunteers have demographic and other characteristics that are associated with high values of time and money.
What is the Real Relationship between Income and Charitable Giving?
Authors: Mcclelland Robert , Brooks Arthur C.
Published: September 2004

Many studies have focused on the relationship between income and charitable donations either by comparing income and percentage of income donated to construct a “giving curve” or by calculating the income elasticity of giving. In this article, the authors relate these two types of studies to one another, using 1997 Consumer Expenditure Survey data. They show that giving curves and elasticity models measure different phenomena and investigate ways that the information in each might be combined to enrich future studies of charitable giving.
Tax Effects on Charitable Giving in the Presence of Uncertainty
Authors: Wu Shih-Ying
Published: September 2004

Taxpayers may feel uncertain about their applicable marginal tax rates, so that estimates of tax effects based on marginal tax rates from tax returns may be misleading because of measurement error. This article incorporates personal uncertainty about marginal tax rates into taxpayer decisions on charitable giving and proposes an empirical specification to model taxpayer formulations of expected marginal tax rates. Based on 1990 data, the income elasticity estimate is consistent with measurement error, although the conventional measure of tax price does not contain significant measurement error. Moreover, the randomness of marginal tax rates exerts a negative effect on charitable giving.
Where Lester Burnham Falls Down
Authors: Arthur Erica
Published: September 2004

This article establishes the means by which Lester Burnham, the white, male protagonist in American Beauty, is able to indulge in trangressive and damaging behavior while remaining a sympathetic figure. Through an initial comparison with Falling Down, the victim politics at play in American Beauty are shown to be covert, non confrontational, and contained by the film’s domestic setting. However, close reading exposes the filmic strategies that shape Lester’s claim to victim hood and disguise the oppressive nature of his journey to reempowerment. Ultimately, Lester emerges as the victimizer rather than the victim, and the liberal pretensions of American Beauty are recast in terms of a conservative agenda.
Article Both Husbands and Banda (Gang) Members
Authors: Magazine Roger
Published: September 2004

In this article, I suggest a novel approach to the conceptualization of marital conflict and instability among rural migrants in Mexican cities. In previous studies, authors have attributed conjugal strife to men’s efforts to express their independence and dominate their wives. Using ethnographic data collected among a specific category of young migrants in Mexico City, I posit that their marital dynamics as well as husbands’attempts at domination can be better understood by employing a unit of analysis that extends beyond the household itself to include husbands’ relationships to other men in groups they call bandas (gangs). In the banda, men try to obligate each other to spend time and resources that could otherwise be directed toward conjugal relationships. When wives make demands on the same limited resources and husbands refuse, making claims to a dominant and independent masculinity, they are responding to, while also obscuring, their obligations to other men.
Deconstructing the Experiential Bar
Authors: Ashe Fidelma
Published: September 2004

This article revisits the issue of male experience and its possible relationship to gender politics. Traditionally, feminism has viewed male experience as representing a bar to the development of feminist knowledge and consciousness. This conceptualization of male experience continues to inform the contemporary debate on male feminism. The article argues that this experiential bar emerges from a theorization of male experience as singular, fixed, and organic. Challenging this conceptualization, the article retheorizes male experience as a diverse, shifting, and contested category that produces different political outcomes. Through an analysis of men’s group discourse, the article illustrates how particular interpretations of male experience produce both feminist and antifeminist effects. It concludes that feminism needs to examine male experience as a multifaceted category that can act as the material upon which male feminist resistance operates.
Exporting Managerial Knowledge to the Outpost
Authors: Üsdiken Behlül
Published: September 2004

The article examines the post-war diffusion of human relations within Turkish academia. It focuses on the reception of human relations as ideology and its penetration into curricular structures within higher education. The empirical part is based on a content analysis of 23 public presentations and the examination of the curricula of educational institutions at the time. The study suggests that the processes and outcomes varied with respect to ideological absorption and the carving of structural spaces. The former was fast-paced, wholesale among adherents and closely followed the evolution in the United States, whereas the latter met with resistance and was a slower and constrained process that generated variant outcomes across educational institutions.
Spreading the Word
Authors: Wright Christopher , Kitay Jim
Published: September 2004

Using Guillén’s concepts of ‘management intellectuals’ and ‘practitioners’, this article highlights the differing roles played by gurus and consultants and their interaction at different levels and stages of the knowledge diffusion process. This is done through a case study of the adaptation of an American management model in the Australian business context. Analysis of guru texts and interviews with practitioner consultants reveal a strong emphasis on and affiliation with the ideological components of this new management model. Rather than viewing these actors as simple conduits in the transfer of new management practice, our study suggests greater attention needs to be directed to their role as advocates and proselytizers of managerial ideology. Our study reveals that in the process of seeking to convince others of the benefits of new ideas and practices, consultants also convince themselves.
Religious Coping Methods as Predictors of Psychological, Physical and Spiritual Outcomes among Medically Ill Elderly Patients: A Two-year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Pargament Kenneth I. , Koenig Harold G. , Tarakeshwar Nalini , Hahn June
Published: September 2004

A total of 268 medically ill, elderly, hospitalized patients responded to measures of religious coping and spiritual, psychological and physical functioning at baseline and follow-up two years later. After controlling for relevant variables, religious coping was significantly predictive of spiritual outcome, and changes in mental and physical health. Generally, positive methods of religious coping (e.g. seeking spiritual support, benevolent religious reappraisals) were associated with improvements in health. Negative methods of religious coping (e.g. punishing God reappraisal, interpersonal religious discontent) were predictive of declines in health. Patients who continue to struggle with religious issues over time may be particularly at risk for health-related problems.
Cultures of Music Piracy
Authors: Condry Ian
Published: September 2004

In 2003, the US recording industry, hoping to change what some view as a ‘culture of piracy’, initiated lawsuits against its own consumers. What is this culture of piracy and what is at stake in trying to change it? In this article, I take an ethnographic look at music file-sharing, and compare the situation in the US with Japan, the second largest music market in the world. My findings are based on fieldwork in Tokyo, and surveys and discussions with US college students. By considering the ways social dynamics and cultural orientations guide uses of digital media technology, I argue that a legal and political focus on ‘piracy’ ignores crucial aspects of file-sharing, and is misleading in the assumptions it makes for policy. A focus on fan participation in media success provides an alternative perspective on how to encourage flourishing music cultures.
Evaluation of Methods for Modelling Daylight and Sunlight in High Rise Hong Kong Residential Buildings
Authors: Jones P. J. , Alexander D. , Marsh A. , Burnett J.
Published: September 2004

Two alternative modelling approaches, physical scale modelling and numerical simulation, have been applied to the design assessment of daylight and sunlight in, and around, high-density Hong Kong housing. The ability to include both self-shading and site obstructions is crucial to this application area, which severely constrains the methods used for both approaches. While physical scale modelling could assist in estate planning, it was not feasible to study both external and internal spaces at the same model scale, even in a large, advanced facility. Due to the need to include context surroundings, physical scale models in this application would be unlikely to be able to inform design on detailed internal conditions. Numerical simulations could effectively focus on both issues and the data produced could couple to detailed modelling of other aspects, e.g. the calculation of cooling load or peak internal temperatures. Numerical modelling at this level has significant drawbacks, however, including the investment in time and expertise necessary to achieve reliable results, and the requirement for rigorous testing and validation for general acceptance of results.
The Contribution of Gasoline to Indoor Air Pollution in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Halek Farah Sadat , Shirazi Homa Keshavarzi , Mohamadi Mohsen Mir
Published: September 2004

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released continuously into the indoor environment from a number of sources including building materials, furnishings and household products like air fresheners. In addition there are many activities carried out in houses that release VOCs intermittently. However, a major contributor to indoor pollution, particularly in large cities, is the outdoor environment largely through the concentration of vehicular traffic. In the present study, conducted in Tehran, the group of gasoline components commonly known as BTEX were measured as a surrogate for this pollution under different conditions in the indoor environment. Using a method published by NIOSH, organic vapours were collected by drawing air through charcoal-filled tubes with a portable pump with a flow rate of 0.2m3.min 1. Organic material from the collected samples was eluted from the charcoal tubes by carbon disulphide and the BTEX component analysed by Gas Chromatography. The results showed that proportionally high levels of BTEX were present in the VOC profile and it was concluded that petroleum and its combustion products were major contributors to indoor pollution in Tehran. Also, the concentration of benzene was especially high, being some 2-4 times greater than the maximum levels recommended by many countries.
Methodology for Assessing the Usefulness of General Practice Data for Research in One Research Network
Authors: Hippisley-Cox J. , Hammersley V. , Pringle M. , Coupland C. , Crown N. , Wright L.
Published: September 2004

The purpose of the study was to test the completeness and accuracy of data from general practice clinical computer systems for research. A cross-sectional survey was used to measure: (1) accuracy and completeness of diagnostic data; (2) completeness and timeliness of clinical measurements; and (3) completeness of risk factor data. High levels of completeness were found for recorded blood pressure (over 80 per cent) and for body mass index (75 per cent), which differed between population groups. Depending on the case definition used, a sevenfold variation was found in the prevalence of depression; fivefold for peptic ulcer disease; threefold for hyperlipidaemia; and very little for hypothyroidism. These results illustrate how routine clinical data in selected high recording practices are now achieving reasonable levels of accuracy and completeness for a range of key variables, although there is substantial inter-practice variation. The data quality opens exciting possibilities for study design.
The Impacts of Knowledge Management and Information Technology Advances on Public Health Decision-Making in 2010
Authors: Goddard Michael , Mowat David , Corbett Christopher , Neudorf Cordell , Raina Parminder , Sahai Vic
Published: September 2004

Population and public health programs in Canada in local/regional, provincial/ territorial and federal governments have been working together to adopt and to adapt modern information and communication technologies (ICTs) to improve program effectiveness. Effective public health is information intensive and the impact of emerging knowledge management and ICT solutions will be significant. To capture some of the current thinking on how knowledge management and ICT will benefit public health, a panel of Canadian public health professionals was convened to discuss opportunities for progress by 2010. Three broad areas were addressed: (1) information and knowledge management; (2) information technology; and (3) working together to improve public health with knowledge management and ICT opportunities.
Information Literacy as a Health Promoting Determinant
Authors: Ek Stefan
Published: September 2004

Research is unanimous that health correlates positively with socio-economic position regardless of measuring scales. The current stress is on sociocultural and psychosocial factors. In his theoretical model of the relationships between stressors, coping and health, Aaron Antonovsky has highlighted the inadequacy of a pathogenic orientation and proposed a salutogenic orientation. He asked why resources like wealth, ego strength, cultural stability and social support promoted health. He developed the concept of the sense of coherence and integrated it into a general model of information processing. This article presents results of a survey of a representative sample (N = 2500) of the Finnish population aged 18-65 years. The objective was to examine the influence of the sense of coherence on perceived health, media literacy, the level of reliability of different health information sources and interest in health information. The results indicate that the impact of the sense of coherence is considerable.
Internet connectedness before and after September 11 2001
Authors: Kim Yong-Chan , Jung Joo-Young , Cohen Elisia L. , Ball-Rokeach Sandra J.
Published: September 2004

Abstract Based on survey data gathered before and after September 11, 2001 (‘9/11’), this study examines the relationship between ‘internet connectedness’ and communicative actions after September 11 2001. The study found that: (1) people heightened their dependency relations with traditional mass media after September 11, regardless of whether or not they had an internet connection; (2) ‘internet high-connectors’ intensified their internet connections, while ‘internet low-connectors’ decreased the intensity of their internet connections; and (3) internet high-connectors participated in a broader range of civic activities in response to September 11 than did internet low-and non-connectors.
It’s all about the Fit: The Hand, the Mobile Screenic Device and Tactile Vision
Authors: Cooley Heidi Rae
Published: September 2004

This article takes notice of the particular relationship, or fit, between the hand and the mobile screenic device (MSD). Starting with biomechanics and industrial design, it describes the active and responsive quality of this relationship, which enables a manner of seeing that is material and dynamic - tactile. Informed by Benjamin’s notion of the tactile, it explains tactile vision as sensual and diffuse and potentially charged with the immediacy and contingency of the everyday. Ultimately, this article asserts that tactile vision, emerging out of fit, provides for a more visceral mode of experiencing the world.
Geekospheres: Visual Culture and Material Culture at Work
Authors: McCarthy Anna
Published: September 2004

This photo essay documents a kind of space that is called, in cyber jargon, the geekosphere. Geekospheres are the personal spaces that computer users create around their monitors, using trinkets, toys, mottoes, images and other emphemera. These highly individualized assemblages are not simply sites for personal expression. Rather, they often serve as vehicles for coded statements about the workplace and the experience of work.
A Matter of Trust
Authors: Smith Roger
Published: September 2004

Recent years have seen an increasing role for service users in all aspects of planning and managing provision. This has latterly extended to the areas of research and development. As a result, the nature of the research relationship has changed, with leadership passing to a greater or lesser degree into the hands of those who were previously seen as taking a rather passive role, as service users or research subjects. This article draws on a particular experience of collaboration between an organization of people with learning difficulties and an external researcher, to explore some of the challenges involved in negotiating this relationship in practice. In particular, the aim is to clarify the extent to which it is possible to bring a constructively critical perspective to bear, so that issues of quality and validity can be addressed within a framework which ensures that service users retain control of the process. The article concludes that the concept of `critical friend' is helpful in clarifying the role of the external `expert'.