bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐144: Control of Liquid Crystal Director through Defined Pretilt Angle in Vertical Alignment Mode Surrounded by Polymer Wall
Authors: Kim Sung Min , Kim Sang Gyun , Kim Youn Sik , Lee Hee Kyu , Lee Myong‐Hoon , Lee Gi Dong , Lyu Jae Jin , Kim Kyeong Hyeon , Lee Seung Hee
Published: August 2007

We proposed vertical alignment liquid crystal devices (VALCDs) in which the vertically aligned LC is surrounded by polymer wall, named locked‐super homeotropic (LSH) device. Although the device has advantages of wide‐viewing angle, spacer‐free and simple fabrication, it exhibited relatively slow rising response time due to undefined azimuthal tilting direction with bias voltage. To resolve the problem, we fixed pretilt angle of VA using the polymerization of reactive mesogen (RM) with bias voltage. Conclusively, dynamic stability of LC directors is improved, exhibiting a fast response time.
P‐149: Multireflection Effects of the Compensated Black States in Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Jang Yong‐Kyu , Bos Philip
Published: August 2007

The effect of multiple internal reflections on a perfectly compensated black state of a LCD is studied. We found the previously unexplained wavelength dependence of light leakage is caused by the interference of the ordinary and extraordinary waves, and they could place a limit on the performance of liquid crystal devices used as displays and optical switches.
P‐150: Dynamics of Electro‐Optical Switching Processes in Surface Stabilized Biaxial Nematic Phase
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hoon , Lim Tong‐Kun , Kim Won‐Taeck , Jin Jung‐Il
Published: August 2007

Here we report the dynamics of electro‐optical switching processes in the biaxial nematic phase of an oxadizole‐based bent‐core liquid crystal (LC). This LC exhibits optical biaxiality in the lower temperature range of the nematic phase although it exhibits optical uniaxiality in the higher temperature range. In particular, the short axis and the long axis of the LC were independently switched when an electric field was applied in the biaxial nematic phase. The switching time of the short axis was much faster than that of the long axis in response to the applied field as well as in relaxation.
P‐154: Efficient White OLEDs Employing Phosphorescent Sensitization
Authors: Chang Chih‐Hao , Lu Yin‐Jui , Liu Zhi‐Zhe , Wu Chung‐Chih , Yeh Yung‐Hui
Published: August 2007

Efficient white OLEDs employing phosphorescent sensitization are investigated. Devices with a single phosphor‐sensitized emitting layer can give colors close to (0.33, 0.33) and efficiencies up to (10%, 23 cd/A, 13.4 lm/W). Devices with a sensitized emitting layer and a low‐concentration phosphorescent layer further enhance the efficiencies up to (12.1%, 35.3 cd/A, 23.9 lm/W). In all phosphor‐sensitized WOLEDs, the efficiency roll‐off at higher currents is much reduced.
P‐156: Polymeric Electrophosphorescent Devices with Low Turn‐on Voltages and High Power Conversion Efficiency by Blending with Poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Chien Shang‐Chieh , Chen Fang‐Chung
Published: August 2007

Phosphorescent polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) with low turn‐on and operating voltages and high power efficiency have been achieved by blending poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) into the active layer. The luminance efficiency of the device with Al as the cathode achieves to 16cd/A. In addition, the device performance of this kind device with the Ca/Al and LiF/Ca/Al cathode architecture after blending of 10 wt.% PEG was also investigated. It is found that the driving voltages of the devicse were lower than those of the conventional devices, while the luminance efficiencies remind high. Consequently, a higher power conversion efficiency (14 lm/W) than that of the control device (9 lm/w) has been achieved.
P‐160: White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Single White Dopant of Heteroleptic Tris‐Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex
Authors: Seo Ji Hyun , Lee Young Hee , Kim Young Sik , Kim Young Kwan , Kim You Hyun , Kim Woo Young
Published: August 2007

We report white organic electroluminescent device based on single white dopant, Ir(dfppy)2(pq). The similar phosphorescent lifetime of two ligands lead to emit luminescence in two ligands at the same time, the emission wavelength of single white dopant has a broad peak and emit white color without the intramolecular energy transfer.
P‐164: Highly Efficient White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Two Emitting Materials for Three Primary Colors (Red, Green and Blue)
Authors: Seo Ji Hoon , Seo Ji Hyun , Park Jung Hyun , Kim Young Kwan , Kim Jun Ho , Hyung Gun Woo , Lee Kum Hee , Yoon Seung Soo , Kim Woo Young
Published: August 2007

These results have demonstrated the highly efficient white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with two separated emissive materials for the three primary colors, red, green, and blue, using blue fluorescent and red phosphorescent dopants. The two devices with the optimum structure showed a maximum luminance of 30500 and 20400 cd/m2 and a luminous efficiency of 38.0 and 32.7 cd/A. Furthermore, device B showed better CIEx,y coordinates of (x=0.36, y=0.35) at 10V. We expect that the WOLEDs fabricated using device structures and materials described here may be applicable for backlights in liquid crystal displays.
P‐166: Highly Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Devices with Double Interfacial Layers
Authors: Park Jin Ho , Oh Seung Seok , Kim Sun Woong , Choi Jin Sung , Choi Eun Ha , Hong Byoung Hee , Kim Yun Ki , Seo Yoon Ho , Cho Guang Sup , Park Byoungchoo , Lim Jongsun , Yoon Sung Cheol , Lee Changjin
Published: August 2007

We report on a highly efficient phosphorescent organic light‐emitting devices achieved by introducing nanoscale double interfacial layers. The double interfacial layers play multiple roles in the enhancement of devices performance: increasing electron injection, hole‐blocking, and preventing luminescence quenching at the electrode surface. As an experimental result, current efficiency was improved to 240%, yielding a peak brightness over 40,000 cd/m2 and peak efficiency over 60 cd/A.
P‐174: Triplet Exciton Diffusion in Hybrid Fluorescent/Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Deaton Joseph C. , Kondakova Marina E. , Kondakov Denis Y. , Pawlik Thomas D. , Giesen David J.
Published: August 2007

A hybrid OLED comprising blue fluorescent and red phosphorescent emitters is reported. External quantum efficiencies for the blue and the red components of the electroluminescence along with time‐resolved measurements, magnetic field effect, and ED‐EPR experiments suggest that the recombination occurs in the blue emissive layer producing fluorescence with the singlet excitons, while the triplet excitons are utilized upon migration to the red layer.
P‐177: Characterization of Orange OLED Stack for Bidirectional Active‐Matrix OLED Microdisplays
Authors: Kreye Daniel , Toerker Michael , Richter Bernd , Sonnabend Thomas , Vogel Uwe , Amelung Joerg
Published: August 2007

Highly efficient, low‐voltage organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are well suitable for the integration into a CMOS‐process.

An orange emitting phosphorescent OLED‐stack with doped charge transport layers was prepared on different types of CMOS substrates. First OLED deposition was done on a single diode 6″‐Wafer substrate and afterwards on a micro structured two metal layer CMOS test substrate without active transistor area.

The different test substrates were measured and compared with respect to their performance (current, luminance, voltage, luminance dependence on viewing angle, optical outcoupling etc.)

For bidirectional microdisplay applications the dynamic characteristics of the OLED stack are also of interest. Therefore the charge and discharge behaviour and the switch on and switch off delay time of voltage apply to luminance output are measured and summarised in a simple model.
P‐178: High‐Efficiency Long‐Lifetime Phosphorescent OLED Devices Based on Electron‐Trapping Iridium (III) Complexes
Authors: Ren Xiaofan , Tyan Yuan‐Sheng , Madaras Marcel B. , Rajeswaran Manju , Deaton Joseph C. , Giesen David J.
Published: August 2007

We have developed new iridium (III) complexes having coumarin, including its aza‐analogue structure, in their ligands. These Ir complexes are highly emissive with colors ranging from yellow, yellowish‐green to green. Electrochemical analysis shows that the reduction and oxidation potentials of these complexes occur at significantly less negative and more positive potentials, respectively, than are found for typical Ir(III) complexes in OLEDs, indicating these complexes are electron trapping instead of hole trapping. Long‐lived phosphorescent OLEDs fabricated with these new Ir complexes give external quantum and power efficiencies above 18% and 33 lm/W, respectively.
P‐181: Solution Processable White PLED Materials for Displays and Lighting
Authors: Pounds Thomas J. , Wilson Richard J. , Grizzi Ilaria , Yamada Takeshi
Published: August 2007

Solution processable materials are important for the fabrication of low cost displays and lighting. In this paper we present the development of state of the art white Polymer‐LED materials with a long lifetime, high colour rendering index and good colour stability over operating lifetime.
P‐184: A High Efficiency Bilayered Red Phosphorescent OLED
Authors: Kwon Jang Hyuk , Park Tae Jin , Jeon Woo Sik , Jeong Su Hyeon , Park Jeong Ju , Lee Yong Kyun , Jang Jin
Published: August 2007

We report a high efficiency red phosphorescent OLED (PHOLED) with organic bilayered structure. The structure of bilayered red PHOLEDs was ITO/ N,N″‐di(naphthalene‐1‐yl)‐N,N″‐diphenyl‐benzidine (NPB)/new host: Ir(piq)3/LiF/Al. A high current efficiency of 10.0 cd/A and a power efficiency of 7.8 lm/W at 500cd/m2 was demonstrated in this device. The operation driving voltage to reach 1000 cd/m2 was 4.5 V and CIE coordinate was (0.67, 033). This bilayered PHOLED fabricated by a new phosphorescent host material resulted about 3 times enhancement of power efficiency compared with that of a CBP based control device.
P‐185: High Efficiency Solution Processed Red Phosphorescent OLEDs Based on a Soluble Small Molecule Host with an Ir(piq)3 Complex
Authors: Park Tae Jin , Jeong Su Hyeon , Jeon Woo Sik , Park Jung Joo , Lee Yong Kyun , Kwon Jang Hyuk , Jang Jin
Published: August 2007

We demonstrate that solution processed high efficiency and saturated red phosphorescent OLEDs can be achieved using a soluble small molecule (SSM) as the host material. Two structures of ITO /PEDOT /interlayer /SSM:Ir(piq)3 /LiF /Al and ITO /PEDOT /interlayer /SSM:Ir(piq)3 /sublimated Balq /sublimated Alq3 /LiF /Al were employed as all soluble processed devices and hybrid devices, respectively. A 6.36 cd/A of maximum luminance efficiency and a 3.22 lm/W of maximum power efficiency were obtained in a hybrid device. The CIE coordinate was (0.67, 0.33).
P‐186: OLEDs Integrated with Solar Cells: High Contrast and Energy Recycling
Authors: Yang Chih‐Jen , Cho Ting‐Yi , Wu Chung‐Chih
Published: August 2007

By integrating OLEDs with solar cells, ambient‐light reflection as low as 1.4% (even superior to that achieved with polarizers) can be achieved without compromising the EL efficiency. for high‐contrast display applications; Furthermore, in such a device, the incident photon energy and a portion of the OLED emission that does not get outside of the device can be recycled by conversion to electrical power. These features, we believe, make this technique attractive for high‐contrast display applications and portable/mobile electronics that are power aware.
P‐188: Single‐Panel Spatial‐Color and Sequential‐Color LCOS Projectors Using LED Lamps
Authors: Huang H. C. , Leung K. Y. , Kwok H. S. , Zhang B. L. , Chen Y. C.
Published: August 2007

We present and compare two single‐panel LCOS projectors using LED lamps. The 0.59″ sequential‐color LCOS microdisplay with integrated frame buffers can deliver 10.5 lm by a 4W red, green and blue LED. The 0.59″ spatial‐color LCOS microdisplay with white sub‐pixels can deliver 14 lm by a 6W white LED.
P‐206L: Late‐News Poster: Low Electric Consumption 3.6W Green SHG Laser Light Source Applicable to Laser Projection Systems
Authors: Furuya Hiroyuki , Mizushima Tetsuro , Mizuuchi Kiminori , Morikawa Akihiro , Itoh Tatsuo , Shikii Shin‐ichi , Yamamoto Kazuhisa , Kadowaki Shin‐ichi , Hiratsuka Takashige , Takagi Susumu , Mizoh Yoshiaki
Published: August 2007

Highly‐efficient fully air‐cooled green laser light source with frequency doubling module is reported. As a result, 3.6 watts green laser light generation with about 9% wall‐plug efficiency is achieved. By using fully air‐cooled RGB lasers including the green SHG (Second Harmonic Generation) laser and illumination optics for speckle noise reduction, a laser projection engine is prototyped. A laser rear‐projection system with this laser projection engine shows several merits; wide color gamut (133%NTSC), 61inch large screen size, and low electric power consumption (less than 100W, at 650cd/m2).
P‐207L: Late‐News Poster: Spherical Glass Encapsulated LEDs for Display Light Sources
Authors: Nakamura Nobuhiro , Sekine Minoru , Matsumoto Shuji , Watanabe Kazunari , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: August 2007

A glass material and a spherical glass encapsulation process for LEDs were developed. An LED encapsulated by the spherical glass exhibits high directional characteristic and emits collimated lights. The spherical glass encapsulated LEDs are suitable for light sources for displays such as portable projection systems and LCD back lights.
14.1: Efficient and Compact Illumination in LED Projection Displays
Authors: Van Giel Bart , Meuret Youri , Bogaert Lawrence , Thienpont Hugo , Murat Huseyin , de Smet Herbert
Published: August 2007

In this paper we propose an efficient illumination engine for LED based projection systems. Our design had to be both compact and efficient. We designed the projector with two LCOS light panels. We investigate two phenomena that affect the optical efficiency of this projector. We show that a relevant gain of the light output can be obtained by using certain methods.
14.4L:Late‐News Paper: Development of Long Life, Full Spectrum Light Source for Projection Display
Authors: Joshi Chandrashekhar J.
Published: August 2007

A new high performance light source has been developed utilizing RF drive plasma technology called LIFI™. This new light source is capable of delivering a light intensity suitable for projection HDTV's up to 70″ and with further development is applicable to front projectors. with start times averaging 6 seconds or less and an estimated life time of 100,000 hours, LIFI™ meets the demands of next generation TVs. This is the first RF drive light source to be produced in high volume for the projection display market. This paper describes the technology and reports the performance of the LIFI™ light source.
15.1: Invited Paper: Influence of 8‐bit vs 11‐bit Digital Medical Displays on Observer Performance and Visual Search
Authors: Krupinski Elizabeth A. , Roehrig Hans , Fan Jiahua
Published: August 2007

8 vs 11‐bit medical displays were evaluated. Six radiologists viewed 100 chest images. There was no significant difference in ROC Az as a function of bit‐depth. Average Az with 8‐bits was 0.8284 and with 11‐bits was 0.8253. There was a significant difference in viewing time favoring the 11‐bit displays.
15.3: Specificities of a Psycho‐Physical Test Room Dedicated for Medical Display Applications
Authors: Marchessoux Ceédric , Kimpe Tom
Published: August 2007

This paper presents specificities for implementing a psychophysical test room dedicated for medical display applications. The main use is to perform subjective measures in a normalized environment where results from other psycho‐physical studies can be compared. Standards‐Norms exist and are based on CRT measures, they must be adapted for studies on medical LCD.
21.1: Invited Paper: The Hopeful Future of High Dynamic Range Imaging
Authors: Ward Greg
Published: August 2007

This paper offers an overview of the challenges and opportunities presented by high dynamic range (HDR) imaging. We examine the length of the imaging pipeline, from creation and storage through image editing and viewing, and discuss how each stage is affected by a move to HDR.
21.3: New Metric for Display Color Gamut Evaluation
Authors: Chorin Moshe Ben , Eliav Dan , Roth Shmuel , Pagi Assaf , Ben‐David Ilan
Published: August 2007

We suggest a metric for evaluating color gamut of displays based on summing the probability of using a certain part of the display color gamut multiplied by an impact parameter for that color region. We further present methods for evaluating the probability of use, and the impact of color.
21.4: Primary Design of Wide‐Color‐Gamut Displays for Matching the Color Gamut of Objects
Authors: Wen Senfar
Published: August 2007

The method for designing the primary color coordinates of the wide gamut display that its color gamut matches object color gamut the best is studied so that the display can reproduce object color the most vividly. The display with three monochromatic primaries is taken as an example.
23.1: Invited Paper: Stability of Hysteresis‐Free Passively Adressed FLC Display with Inherent Gray Scale
Authors: Pozhidaev E. P. , Minschenko M. V. , Shadura O. A. , Andreev A. L. , Kompanets I. N. , Chigrinov V. G. , Kwok H. S.
Published: August 2007

The steadiness of hysteresis‐free passively addressed FLC display with an inherent memorized gray scale is governed generally by relationships between dispersion and polar parts of FLC anchoring energy with solid substrates.
23.2: Layer Rotation Mechanism of the Chiral Smectic C (SmC*) Phase
Authors: Jang Joo‐Nyung , Davey Anthony B. , Crossland William A.
Published: August 2007

In this work, we propose a model for the layer rotation of chiral smectic C* (SmC*), which is intended to give answers to some basic questions about smectic layer rotation.
23.3: Cholesteric Colloid of Ferroelectric Nano‐particles
Authors: Glushchenko Anatoliy , Buchnev Oleksandr , Iljin Andrey , Kurochkin Oleksandr , Reznikov Yuriy
Published: August 2007

In this paper, we report on the influence of sub‐micron ferroelectric particles on optical, dielectric and electro‐optical properties of cholesteric host. An ultra‐small fraction of ferroelectric nanoparticles in a cholesteric liquid crystal greatly increases the birefringence of the latter and its dielectric anisotropy that results in a broadening of the reflection band, decreasing of the driving voltage of the switching between bistable textures and in an increasing of its steepness.
24.1: A 2 Inch a‐Si:H TFT‐LCD with Backlight Control TFT Sensors
Authors: Kim Se Hwan , Kim Eung Bum , Choi Hee Yeon , Kang Dong Han , Park Won Hoon , Oh Jae Hwan , Lee Eun Young , Lee Seung Hoon , Oh Dong Hae , Kim Ka Hyun , Kang Moon Hyo , Hur Ji Ho , Jang Jin , Lee Jung Woo , Choi Jung Ryoul , Ahn Seung Hun , Hong Soon Won
Published: August 2007

We have developed a 2.0 inch a‐Si:H TFT‐LCD with the photosensors for detecting the brightness of backlight and outdoor daylight. Two kinds of sensors were embedded in the TFT backplane with a‐Si:H TFTs with bottom gate and top gate structures. A pixel has a switching TFT and a TFT sensor in addition to the capacitance. The TFT sensor exhibited the photo‐current of ∼10−9 A and dark current of ∼10−12 A in the operation region of backlight. The dynamic range is 60 dB which is high enough to sense the brightness of the backlight. The output signal saturates at ∼ 20000 Lux in the present work but it can be increased by decreasing the TFT size.
24.2: A 1300‐dpi Optical Image Sensor Using an a‐Si:H Photo Diode Array Driven by LTPS TFTs
Authors: Eguchi Tsukasa , Hiyoshi Yasunori , Kanda Eiji , Sera Hiroshi , Ozawa Tokuro , Miyazawa Takao , Matsumoto Tomotaka
Published: August 2007

We have developed a 1300‐dpi optical image sensor using a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) pin diode array driven by low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin film transistors (TFT) on a glass substrate. This paper describes a new architecture for achieving a high‐resolution optical image sensor using LTPS TFT production equipment.
24.3: Hybrid Touch Screen Panel Integrated in TFT‐LCD
Authors: Lee Joohyung , Park Jong‐Woung , Jung Dong‐Jin , Pak Sangjin , Cho Manseung , Uh Keehan , Kim Hyung‐Guel
Published: August 2007

It is, for the first time, presented that the touch panel function is fully integrated in 2.45 inch amorphous silicon QVGA TFT‐LCD using liquid crystal capacitive line sensor arrays with the same fabrication process as TFT‐LCD. It is capable of detecting touch event and finding touch positions by the capacitance change of liquid crystal in LCD. It demonstrates outstanding display qualities and superiority in size and thickness compared to conventional resistive touch screen panel.
26.1: Motion Blur Measurement and Evaluation: From Theory to the Laboratory
Authors: Becker Michael E.
Published: August 2007

This paper presents and compares motion blur data of an LCD‐monitor obtained with three different approaches: moving targets imaged with a stationary high‐speed camera followed by numerical analysis, evaluation of step and impulse‐responses measured with stationary test patters. A complete and detailed characterization of an electronic display including intended or parasitic lateral effects seems to require imaging methods and moving test‐patters while the evaluation of temporal transitions between different states of electrical driving (e.g. gray‐to‐gray transitions) provides easily accessible motion blur data that may be sufficient for many applications and product specifications.
26.2: Comparison of Motion Blur Measurement in LCD
Authors: Feng Xiao‐fan , Pan Hao , Daly Scott
Published: August 2007

Compared to traditional CRT TV, LC TV has the shortcoming of motion blur. There are two causes for LCD motion blur: (1) LCD slow temporal response and (2) LCD backlight is always‐on (Hold effect). Motion blur can be characterized with the motion picture response time metric (MPRT). MPRT of a display can be measured spatially using a commercial MPRT instrument, but it is very expensive and difficult to use. In our previous papers, we modeled LCD motion blur through it temporal point spread function (temporal PSF) of an LCD device so that the LCD temporal PSF can uniquely determine the motion blur. The MPRT can thus be measured from the temporal measurement, which is much easier than the spatial tracking camera approach. In this paper, we compared the measured motion blur using both the spatial tracking camera approach and the temporal response approach at various backlight flashing widths. The temporal method can potentially replace expensive MPRT instrument.
27.2: Trade‐off between Luminance and Color in RGBW Displays for Mobile‐phone Usage
Authors: Wang Lili , Tu Yan , Chen Li , Teunissen Kees , Heynderickx Ingrid
Published: August 2007

Compared to RGB displays, RGBW displays enable higher luminance levels at equal power consumption. One of their drawbacks, however, is their reduced color saturation. In this paper, the trade‐off between luminance and color saturation is evaluated in a perception experiment for several algorithms to map RGB input to RGBW pixel data. It is shown that the optimal mapping algorithm is affected by image content.
29.3: A New Fringe‐Field‐Switching LCD Using Trapezoid Electrodes
Authors: Lu Ruibo , Wu Shin‐Tson , Hong Qi , Wu Thomas X.
Published: August 2007

A new trapezoid fringe field switching (T‐FFS) LCD is proposed. Simulation results indicate that the T‐FFS mode exhibits a high transmittance, wide viewing angle, and low operation voltage, regardless a positive or a negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal material is employed. with optimized compensation films, the 100:1 contrast ratio exceeds the ±85 ° viewing cone.
31.1: Distinguished Paper: FED Spacer Fabrication with Nozzle Dispense
Authors: Yabe Manabu , Iwashima Masanobu , Omoto Koichi
Published: August 2007

We have developed a new nozzle coater that can fabricate walls or ribs with a high aspect ratio (the ratio between the height and width of a rib as seen in a cross section) on a substrate. The aspect ratio of these walls is a minimum of 15 to 20 and can be increased upwards, and has a width of 15 to 200 μm. Two of the features of this nozzle‐based coating machine are its special nozzle shape and the good UV hardness that is achieved soon after the material is dispensed. Ribs can be used as FED spacers. Each nozzle has multiple openings and the unit consists of multiple nozzles so that a substrate width of 42″ can be coated in a single scan. Using this method, spacers can easily be created on a substrate, at low cost. In addition, this method can be used for fabricating PDP ribs, especially when constructing bus electrodes for ELs.
33.1: Invited Paper: Technology of Wide Color Gamut Backlight with RGB Light‐Emitting Diode for Liquid Crystal Display Television
Authors: Kakinuma Koichiro , Shinoda Makoto , Arai Takeo , Shibata Hirokazu , Shirakuma Toshiaki , Kawase Mitsuhiro , Uba Tomohisa , Kumakura Toshihiro , Haga Shuichi , Matsumoto Tastuhiko
Published: August 2007

A mercury free Light‐Emitting Diode (LED) backlight making possible a wide color gamut has become active in Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) industry. The development report such as a direct illumination and guided light illumination were being active. Actual commercial product has been waited under this active situation. Sony Corporation launched an LED‐backlit LCD TV. This product offers a very wide color reproduction range, delivering a color gamut of 150% of what conventional televisions typically achieve. This paper presents the background to the development of the LED backlight system and discusses the technologies used to realize the wide color gamut. The main subjects to solve for the commercialization were how to reduce the luminance/color non‐uniformity of the back light and how to treat heat generation from the LED. The combination of the LED backlit LCD TV and the standardization of wide color space definition xvYCC format will make more vivid and correct color expression, and we forecast that will extend to the market in the future.
34.2: Self‐Compensating, Quasi‐Homeotropic Liquid Crystal Device
Authors: Xue Jiuzhi , Scheffer Terry
Published: August 2007

We present a quasi‐homeotropic liquid crystal device that is configured to suppress disclination line defects and to self compensate for in‐plane optical retardation and thereby exhibit an extremely high contrast ratio and fast electrooptic response.
34.4: Investigation of Image Sticking By Using 3D‐ FEM Simulation for VA Mode LCD
Authors: Liu Yen‐Chi , Chou Kuo‐Ching
Published: August 2007

By using 3D‐FEM simulation software, the V‐T curves associated with the disclination line appeared in both CC‐type and TT‐type cell were investigated. Experiment results reveal that the ΔVp (feedthrough voltage) of CC‐types is larger than that of TT‐types, the image sticking phenomena will be easily detected for CC‐type design. Besides the influence on the image sticking for various anchoring energy and alignment layer thickness has also been studied through simulation software, an optimum process range can be acquired.
35.2: Development of 3″ VGA LCD for DSC Application
Authors: Maeng Ho‐Suk , Kim Chul‐Ho , Kim Kyung‐Hoon , Lee Sang‐Hoon , Park Keun‐Woo , Moon Kook‐Chul , Shin Moon‐Young , Choi Jae‐Beom , Kim Chi‐Woo
Published: August 2007

3″ video graphic array (VGA) liquid crystal display (LCD) for digital still camera (DSC) has been developed using new driving method and fine process. This VGA panel can be driven by conventional standard interface which is widely used for 230K dots LCD. The fine process enabled us to design patterned vertical alignment (PVA) pixels with 50 % aperture ratio. It is expected that the high quality display can be realized by the technologies developed for the VGA DSC panel.
37.2: Distinguished Paper: Practical CNT‐FED Structure for High‐Luminance Character‐Displays
Authors: Yotani Junko , Uemura Sashiro , Nagasako Takeshi , Kurachi Hiroyuki , Ezaki Tomotaka , Maesoba Tsuyoshi , Nakao Takehiro , Ito Masaaki , Sakurai Akira , Shimoda Hideo , Yamada Hiromu , Saito Yahachi
Published: August 2007

A high‐luminance CNT‐FED character‐display using practical rib‐structure was performed. The display‐panel had 48×480‐dots and the sub‐pixel pitch was 1mm. In this work, the ribs as spacer were formed by using innovative production processes. That is, the rib‐paste was pushed from multi‐slit‐nozzle. And the rib‐shape was formed by UV‐light irradiation. A 2mm‐tall‐ribs with 1mm‐pitch was realized with high manufacture‐yield.
39.4: Inverse of Mapping Function (IMF) Method for Image Quality Enhancement of High Dynamic Range LCD TVs
Authors: Lin Fang‐Cheng , Liao Cheng‐Yu , Liao Lin‐Yao , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Tsai Po‐Jen , Wang Te‐Mei , Hsieh Yao‐Jen
Published: August 2007

A high dynamic range liquid crystal display (HDR‐LCD) can much enhance the contrast ratio of the image on a locally controlled dynamic backlight. A novel method, inverse of mapping function (IMF), was demonstrated to further improve the HDR image quality from the information of each frame. By using the IMF method, the image contrast ratio in a 37″ HDR‐LCD TV was successfully improved to ∼20,000:1 while maintaining high brightness and clear image details. Besides, for mass production purpose, the backlight of a 37″ HDR‐LCD TV was divide into 8×8 zones to reduce hardware computation complexity.
L‐1: Late‐News Paper: 3.0‐inch High‐resolution Low‐voltage LTPS AM‐OLED Display with Novel Voltage‐programmed Driving Architecture
Authors: Kohno Tohru , Miyamoto Mitsuhide , Kageyama Hiroshi , Ishii Masato , Kasai Naruhiko , Nakamura Norihiro , Tokuda Naoki , Akimoto Hajime
Published: August 2007

A new voltage‐programmed driving architecture with controlled‐amplitude precharge for lower‐power LTPS AM‐OLED displays with very‐low‐voltage‐driven OLED is presented. with this new architecture, a 3.0‐inch 202 × 267‐ppi full‐color panel was developed. We confirmed that these panels produce image‐lag‐free high‐quality pictures at low‐voltage (4 V) operation.
L‐3: Late‐News Paper: Extremely Broadband Retardation Films
Authors: Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Yu Xing‐Jie , Ho Yeuk‐Lung
Published: August 2007

We disclose here the design and construction of retardation films with any desired dispersion properties by using conventional dispersive uniaxial retardation films. In particular we demonstrate the design of retardation films which have constant retardation over the entire visible spectrum. They also have very large viewing angles.
L‐5: Late‐News Paper: Field Sequential FLCDs Fabricated by Inkjet Printing Technology
Authors: Sawatari Naoko , Okabe Masato , Ishikawa Makoto , Harada Ryo , Egashira Noritaka
Published: August 2007

In this paper, we have described a novel manufacturing process that was developed for ferroelectric liquid crystal displays (FLCDs) using the Inkjet printing method. It is a low cost process with potential application to large displays. We have also fabricated Field Sequential FLCDs diagonal VGA of 3‐inches (267ppi).
L‐6: Late‐News Paper: Achromatic Diffraction Using Reactive Mesogen Polarization Gratings
Authors: Oh Chulwoo , Escuti Michael J.
Published: August 2007

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an achromatic polarization grating, with ∼100% diffraction efficiency over nearly the entire visible spectral range. This five‐fold enhancement (∼34.3% versus ∼6.8%) is produced by two chiral liquid crystal layers with modest twist angle and opposite twist sense. Finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations support the experimental phenomena.
42.1: Invited Paper: Field Emission from Nanostructures: Carbon Nanotubes and Metal Nanowires
Authors: Pribat Didier , Cojocaru Costel Sorin , Xavier Stephane , Lim Sung Hoon , Guilley Arnaud Jullien , Legagneux Pierre , Minoux Eric
Published: August 2007

We present some comparisons concerning field emission as well as processing parameters from two types of nanostructures, namely multiwall carbon nanotubes grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition and metal nanowires grown by electrochemical deposition in porous membranes. Various treatments are presented, either during deposition or after, in order to improve the uniformity of the emitted current. We also review and propose simple processes to manufacture large arrays, having in mind LCD backlighting applications.
43.2: Effects of Hydrogen Doping in MgO Electron Emission Layer and Wall Charge Model of ac‐PDP
Authors: Park Kyung‐Hyun , Kim Yong‐Seog
Published: August 2007

Characteristics of MgO layer deposited under hydrogen atmosphere were investigated. Hydrogen doping was conducted by e‐beam evaporation of MgO layer under hydrogen atmosphere and its effects were evaluated using various methods including SEM, ICCD, and Paschen curve measurements. In addition, voltage transfer curve was measured on those films in order to evaluate wall voltage and charge. The results indicated that the doping of hydrogen to MgO film enhances the luminance efficiency significantly.
44.4: Motion Compensated Frame Rate Conversion for Motion Blur Reduction
Authors: Bellers Erwin B. , Janssen Johan G. W. M. , Penners Maurice
Published: August 2007

Motion blur is one of the major concerns of today's LCD panels. Driving LCD panels at higher frame rates provides a means to reduce the motion blur, but to be successful also the video stream needs to be converted accordingly. This paper shows a means to reduce the motion blur by applying high frame‐rate motion‐compensated temporal interpolation, and illustrates the architecture that enables implementation at a consumer price level.
45.3: Novel Electrochromic Systems for Flexible Displays
Authors: Wagner Roland , Rieger Gotthard , Weiss Roland , Kanitz Andreas , Roth Wolfgang , Herr Michael
Published: August 2007

Electrochromic (EC) displays show several unique benefits such as high contrast at high viewing angle and extremely low power consumption combined with a potential low‐cost manufacturing process. We have developed novel electrochromic material systems for application in flexible devices. Stability and overall performance of these devices are affected by compositional variations of the material formulation as well as electrochemical interactions between electrode and electrochromic material. Electro‐optical properties will be discussed as well as stability issues.
45.4: Azo‐Dye Alignment for Displays and Photonics
Authors: Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi Sing , Takada Hirokazu , Takatsu Haruyoshi , Hasebe Hiroshi
Published: August 2007

Liquid crystal photo‐alignment using azo‐dyes for display and photonics applications is discussed. Various types of the glass and plastic substrates are used. Special types of 3D LC alignment, LC alignment inside thin micro tubes, and LC cladding layers in Si based waveguides and grating surface are concerned. The azo‐dye photoalignment of polymerized LC films used as optical elements, such as polarizers and phase retarders is also considered. Optically rewritable liquid crystal display for plastic cards applications is shown.
46.2: Invited Paper: High‐Performance LTPS Technologies for Advanced Mobile Display Applications
Authors: Ohshima Hiroyuki , Führen Marcel
Published: August 2007

LTPS (Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon)‐TFT is ideally suited for mobile active‐matrix displays. An overview will be provided of the latest innovations underlining the unique capability of LTPS, highlighting examples from TPO's own R&D, in the areas of integrated ambient light sensing, ultralow‐standby‐power memory‐in‐pixel, advanced driving schemes and pixel designs for wide viewing, high level of System‐on‐Panel integration, and high‐performance AMOLED, based on advanced and mature LTPS processes & devices.
47.2: Distinguished Paper: Structural Identification of Chemical Products and Mechanism of Operational Degradation of OLEDs
Authors: Kondakov Denis Y. , Nichols William F. , Lenhart William C.
Published: August 2007

Based on the observed changes in chemical compositions of fluorescent and phosphorescent carbazole‐derived OLEDs during operation, the operational degradation mechanism is proposed. Substantial losses of chemical components, identification of degradation products, and photochemical studies point to the excited state homolytic bond dissociation followed by radical additions as key mechanism steps.
48.2: The Chemical Durability of EAGLE XG™ in LCD Dry Etch Processes
Authors: Bellman Robert A. , Davis Ronald. W. , Lapp Josef C. , Walton Robin M.
Published: August 2007

This work compared the chemical durability of EAGLE XG™, EAGLE2000™ and Code 1737 glasses in typical TFT dry etch processes. Active, dielectric, and metal films were etched with a resist mask. Glass surfaces were evaluated by dark field microscopy, SEM/EDX, and AFM. The results show dry etch durability is comparable for all three compositions.
48.3: New Maskless, Completely Dry Color Filter Manufacturing System Based on Breakthrough Direct Laser Writing Technology: DuPont Thermal Color Filters (DuPont TCF)
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Joong , Chung Daniel , Eyre Brian S.
Published: August 2007

In response to the strong industry need for cost reduction DuPont has been developing a new breakthrough technology including materials, equipment and process which comprise a system for manufacturing LCD Color Filters. This new technology significantly reduces process steps and clean room space required by conventional photolithography, thereby providing significant capital and operational savings. Since the system is based on digital technology, the direct writing precision patterning process eliminates photomasks for RGB, is highly scalable and greatly simplifies pattern change over.
49.1: Invited Paper: Development of 0.3mm‐Pixel‐Pitch Ultra‐High‐Resolution PDP for “Super Hi‐Vision” Broadcasting System
Authors: Murakami Yukio , Hirano Yoshikuni , Ishii Keiji
Published: August 2007

The 0.3 mm‐pixel‐pitch ultra‐high‐resolution PDP is being developed for use in the “Super Hi‐Vision” broadcasting system with over 4,000 scanning lines. In this study, we used three‐dimensional discharge simulation to compare the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation characteristics of box‐ and stripe‐type cells in the PDP in order to improve the luminous efficiency and VUV crosstalk. The luminous efficiency of the box‐type cell was 22% higher than that of stripe‐type cell in a gas composition of Ne‐Xe (5 %) at 67 kPa (500 Torr) due to the lower discharge current. The stripe‐type cell had 19% VUV crosstalk to the phosphor surfaces of the neighboring vertical cells. Use of the box‐type cell, which can intercept the VUV crosstalk, is most effective for achieving high resolution and enhancing efficiency.
49.2: Invited Paper: Realization of High Luminous Efficacy with Full HD AC PDP
Authors: Whang Ki‐Woong , Bae Hyun Sook , Jung Hae Yoon , Lim Jong Keun
Published: August 2007

We have investigated the effect of cell resolution change on the luminous efficacy of AC PDP with the 3‐dimensional computer simulation and experiment. The luminous efficacy decreased and the minimum sustain voltage increased as the resolution increased from VGA to full HD resolution, due to increased particle loss. A simple increase of the Xe content to realize the high luminous efficacy resulted in a much enhanced luminous efficacy decremental ratio as the cell resolution increases, because of the increased plasma loss and decreased electron heating efficacy.

The increase of the sustain electrode gap from the commonly used value of 60μm to 140μm in the 50″ full HD cell with Ne‐Xe [20%] gas resulted in the luminous efficacy value comparable to that of the XGA cell with 60μm gap which indicates that a large electrode gap with a high Xe content gas is an effective way of realizing high luminous efficacies.

However the excessive increase of driving voltage and the discharge time lag with the large electrode gap and high Xe content gas should be compromised in order to be used in the commercial product and increase the luminous efficacy further. A new cell structure with an auxiliary electrode (DIDE: Dual Ignition Discharge Electrode), optimized thickness of dielectric and phosphor layer, driving waveform, is demonstrated to show a luminous efficacy of 5.8 lm / W (Green, 25 kHz) with the address minimum voltage as low as 50V as an example of high luminous efficacy cell with low driving voltage.
50.3: Low Delay and Real‐time Image Transmission Hardware for Remote Desktop
Authors: Nakao Masashi , Kita Masaki , Matsui Takashi
Published: August 2007

Based on the software model proposed at SID 2006 [5], we've developed a prototype hardware of real‐time image transmission system supporting environments where both computer desktop images requiring interactive responsiveness and real‐time motion picture images coexist. The architecture of the prototype is described in detail
51.2: New Front Surface Film for Improving the Viewing‐Angle Properties of TN‐Mode TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Matsunaga Naohiro , Fujiwara Isao , Watanabe Jun , Ando Takumi , Miyazaki Keiichi , Ito Tadashi
Published: August 2007

We have succeeded in the development of a new front surface film, it has the function of improving the viewing‐angle properties (especially, improvement of gray scale inversion in downside direction) of TN‐mode TFT‐LCDs, in addition to the conventional function of the protection of polarizer and the glare prevention under bright room surrounding).

The excellent viewing‐angle properties have been realized in combing this new front surface film with the optical compensation film for TN‐mode (Wide‐View Film, for short WV Film). According to the proposal of this method, it has been expected to apply TN‐mode to large‐Size LCD monitors and LCD TVs hereafter.
51.4: Broadband Quarter Wave Plate Using a Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Film and Two Uniaxial Films
Authors: Huang Yuhua , Wu Thomas X. , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: August 2007

We designed a broadband quarter wave plate in the visible range using a twisted nematic liquid crystal film sandwiched between two compensation films. The quarter wave plate exhibits much wider bandwidth than the commercial product, which is composed of a half wave plate and a quarter wave plate.
52.2: A Low‐Cost Stable Amorphous Silicon AMOLED Display with Full VT‐ and VOLED Shift Compensation
Authors: Chaji G. Reza , Alexander Stefan , Nathan Arokia , Church Corbin , Tang S. J.
Published: August 2007

We present a new simple and low cost pixel circuit and driving scheme for the a‐Si AMOLED displays using conventional AMLCD drivers. Measurement results show significant stability and high immunity to temperature and mobility variations which makes the pixel circuit and driving scheme attractive for implementation in different technologies. A 9‐inch a‐Si AMOLED display fabricated based on this driving scheme shows high uniformity and long lifetime.
53.2: Distinguished Paper: Novel Laser Transfer Technology for Manufacturing Large‐Sized OLED Displays
Authors: Hirano Takashi , Matsuo Keisuke , Kohinata Kokichi , Hanawa Koji , Matsumi Tatsuya , Matsuda Eisuke , Matsuura Ryoko , Ishibashi Tadashi , Yoshida Akihiko , Sasaoka Tatsuya
Published: August 2007

A novel laser transfer technology has been developed for manufacturing large‐Sized organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays. OLED materials are transferred from glass donors to a substrate by laser‐induced pattern‐wise sublimation (LIPS). RGB pixels are precisely patterned by LIPS. The LIPS OLED device performance has been examined in comparison with conventional evaporated device. Using this technology, we have fabricated a 27.3‐inch active matrix OLED display.
55.1: Invited Paper: Solution to Boundary Image Sticking in AC Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Tae Heung‐Sik , Park Choon‐Sang , Kwon Young‐Kuk , Heo Eun Gi , Lee Byung‐Hak
Published: August 2007

In this paper, the two kinds of solutions to remove a boundary image sticking of an ac plasma display panel are introduced. One solution is to completely recover the boundary image sticking cells by means of full white aging process. It was observed that after the 100‐hour full‐white aging process of the PDP cells with boundary image sticking, the MgO surface morphology in the boundary region with image sticking region was similar to that in the region with no image sticking. The other solution is to prohibit inherently the production of the boundary image sticking by sealing the PDP panel under a vacuum condition. In the panel fabricated by the vacuum sealing method, no boundary image sticking phenomenon was observed.
55.3: Study on Address Discharge Characteristics Using Vt Close‐Curve Analysis in ac PDPs
Authors: Cho Byung‐Gwon , Tae Heung‐Sik
Published: August 2007

The address discharge characteristics by the various scan‐low and common‐bias voltages are investigated based on measured address discharge time lags and Vt close‐curve analysis. The scan‐low voltages are changed with the same voltage difference between the X and Y electrodes during an address period, meaning that the voltage difference between the scan‐low voltage applied to the Y electrode and the common‐bias voltage applied to the X electrode remains constant even though each voltage level changes. As the voltage difference between the scan and address electrodes is increased during an address period, the address discharge time lag is shortened but a high background luminance is induced. It is found that the improved address discharge characteristics is caused by the effect of the higher external applied voltage during an address period than the accumulated wall charges during a reset period and the high background luminance can be prevented by applying an address‐bias voltage during a rising‐ramp period.
55.4: Influence of He Contents on Reset and Address Discharge Characteristics Under Variable Panel Temperature in ac PDPs
Authors: Jang Soo‐Kwan , Tae Heung‐Sik , Jung Eun‐Young , Suh Kwang‐Jong , Ahn Jung‐Chull , Heo Eun Gi , Lee Byung‐Hak
Published: August 2007

The effects of He content in He‐Ne‐Xe (11 %) on the reset and address discharges were examined under variable panel temperature ranging from −5 to +65°C. The changes in the firing voltages under the X‐Y surface or the A‐Y plate‐gap discharges were measured using the Vt close‐curve method when the He contents and panel temperature were varied. Under the variable panel temperature condition, the IR emission intensities were also monitored during the reset and address discharges when the He contents were varied from 0 to 50 %. It was observed that as the panel temperature was increased, the higher He content could facilitate the reset and address discharges.
57.3: Cost‐Effective Pixel Structures for High Performance Mobile PVA LCDs
Authors: Sohn Jiwon , Lyu Jaejin , Cho Seon‐Ah , Park Jinwon , Park Seung Beom , Yang Sunghoon , Jun Mee‐Hye , Kim Kyeong‐Hyeon , Kim Sang Soo
Published: August 2007

Two new pixel structures are proposed for use in high performance mobile PVA LCDs. The new structures enable use of a conventional polarizer for lowest possible cost. A 4.3″ prototype based on these techniques was built, achieving the world's highest mobile display contrast ratio of 1200:1, while maintaining wide viewing angle with no loss of transmittance.
59.1: Invited Paper: Optoelectronic OLED Modeling for Device Optimization and Analysis
Authors: Ruhstaller Beat , Flatz Thomas , Moos Michael , Sartoris Guido , Kiy Michael , Beierlein Tilman , Kern Roland , Winnewisser Carsten , Pretot Roger , Chebotareva Natalia , Van der Schaaf Paul
Published: August 2007

Organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) consist of a stack of multiple thin film layers whose thicknesses influence both the optical and electronic performance. Upon injection and transport, the charge carriers may recombine to form excitons that diffuse and decay radiatively, thus leading to distinct recombination and emission zone profiles that determine device performance. Suitable simulation tools that allow a better understanding and efficient optimization of organic optoelectronics devices and materials are desirable.