bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatially variable hydrologic impact and biomass production tradeoffs associated with Eucalyptus (E. grandis) cultivation for biofuel production in Entre Rios, Argentina
Authors: Heidari Azad , Watkins David , Mayer Alex , Propato Tamara , Verón Santiago , de Abelleyra Diego
Published: February 2021

Climate change and energy security promote using renewable sources of energy such as biofuels. High woody biomass production achieved from short‐rotation intensive plantations is a strategy that is increasing in many parts of the world. However, broad expansion of bioenergy feedstock production may have significant environmental consequences. This study investigates the watershed‐scale hydrological impacts of Eucalyptus (E. grandis) plantations for energy production in a humid subtropical watershed in Entre Rios province, Argentina. A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated for streamflow, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass production cycles. The model was used to simulate various Eucalyptus plantation scenarios that followed physically based rules for land use conversion (in various extents and locations in the watershed) to study hydrological effects, biomass production, and the green water footprint of energy production. SWAT simulations indicated that the most limiting factor for plant growth was shallow soils causing seasonal water stress. This resulted in a wide range of biomass productivity throughout the watershed. An optimization algorithm was developed to find the best location for Eucalyptus development regarding highest productivity with least water impact. E. grandis plantations had higher evapotranspiration rates compared to existing terrestrial land cover classes; therefore, intensive land use conversion to E. grandis caused a decline in streamflow, with January through March being the most affected months. October was the least‐affected month hydrologically, since high rainfall rates overcame the canopy interception and higher ET rates of E. grandis in this month. Results indicate that, on average, producing 1 kg of biomass in this region uses 0.8 m3 of water, and the green water footprint of producing 1 m3 fuel is approximately 2150 m3 water, or 57 m3 water per GJ of energy, which is lower than reported values for wood‐based ethanol, sugar cane ethanol, and soybean biodiesel.
Perceived declining physical and cognitive fitness during the COVID‐19 state of emergency among community‐dwelling Japanese old‐old adults
Authors: Makizako Hyuma , Nakai Yuki , Shiratsuchi Daijo , Akanuma Tomomi , Yokoyama Kaori , Matsuzaki‐Kihara Yuriko , Yoshida Hiroto
Published: February 2021

Aim

Perceived health status, including physical and cognitive fitness, will be negatively associated with future health conditions among old‐old adults. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has caused sudden changes in lifestyle. Thus, this study examined the associations of participation in an exercise class before the COVID‐19 pandemic and the exercise habits and disruption to the rhythms of daily life during the COVID‐19 state of emergency with perceived declining physical and cognitive fitness among community‐dwelling old‐old adults.

Methods

In July 2020, we carried out a mail survey of community‐dwelling old‐old adults aged between 77 and 99 years in Bibai, Hokkaido, Japan, to determine their perceived declining physical and cognitive fitness during the COVID‐19 state of emergency.

Results

Of the 774 responders, 339 (43.8%) participants reported a decline in physical fitness, whereas 259 (33.5%) perceived declining cognitive fitness during the COVID‐19 state of emergency. In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders, exercise habits during the COVID‐19 state of emergency were significantly associated with a lower perception of declining physical fitness. Disruption to the rhythms of daily life during the COVID‐19 state of emergency was significantly associated with a higher perception of declining physical and cognitive fitness.

Conclusions

Approximately half and more than one‐third of community‐dwelling old‐old adults perceived declining physical and cognitive fitness, respectively, during the COVID‐19 state of emergency. During this period, exercise habits were positively correlated with perceived health status among old‐old adults, whereas disruption to the rhythms of daily life was negatively correlated. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 364–369.
Understanding the traditional mares’ milk industry’s transformation into a creative industry: Empirical evidence from Kazakhstan
Authors: Baibokonov Doszhan , Yang Yongzhong , Tang Yunyan , Hosain Md Sajjad
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore the core forces and drivers of the creative transformation of a traditional industry through the assessment of the mares’ milk industry (MMI). Using an exploratory single case study, this research reveals the main driver mechanisms and challenges of the creative transformation of a traditional industry using the case of the MMI in Kazakhstan. Grounded theory, along with in‐depth interviews of 36 MMI business staff in Kazakhstan, has been used in this study. The research identifies the following four key driving factors for transforming a commodity‐based traditional industry into a cultural creative emerging industry: National demand, ingenuity and creativity, affordance (support), and actors (attitudes, skills, and characteristics). This study also explores challenges, such as administrative negligence, the threat of losing authenticity, poor industry cooperation, and cultural branding. A sustainable transformation into a creative MMI requires the government to give its full attention to implementing existing‐related policies, emphasizing the role of authenticity, stressing the importance of industry cooperation, and promoting iconic branding. The study findings will help policy makers, administrators, and related stakeholders to understand the transformation of the MMI when developing related policy, strategy, and sustainable development. The findings can also serve as guidelines for other traditional agricultural sectors that are undergoing transformation into creative industries.
Impact of body size on first‐line Helicobacter pylori eradication success using vonoprazan and amoxicillin dual therapy
Authors: Eto Hiroyuki , Suzuki Sho , Kusano Chika , Ikehara Hisatomo , Ichijima Ryoji , Ito Hirotaka , Kawabe Koichi , Kawamura Masashi , Yoda Yoshioki , Nakahara Moriyasu , Gotoda Takuji
Published: February 2021

Background

As a first‐line therapy for Helicobacter pylori, dual therapy with vonoprazan and amoxicillin (VA‐dual) provides an eradication rate similar to that of vonoprazan‐based triple therapy. As the factors associated with the eradication rate of H. pylori with VA‐dual are unknown,we investigated them in this study.

Materials and Methods

Overall, 163 patients diagnosed with H. pylori infection received VA‐dual (vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily and amoxicillin 750 mg twice daily for 7 d). The association between successful H. pylori eradication and the following patient clinical factors was analyzed: sex, age, height, weight, body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), history of early gastric carcinoma and peptic ulcer, comorbidity of cirrhosis, alcohol consumption habit, smoking habit, common use of proton pump inhibitors, and concomitant use of drugs that are substratesof cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. The association between post‐eradication adverse events and clinical factors was analyzed retrospectively.

Results

Successful H. pylori eradication was associated with a lower BSA (eradication rate: 90.8% in patients with BSA <1.723 vs. 79.6% in those with BSA ≥1.723; p = 0.045). The incidence of adverse events was higher in women than in men (adverse events: 40.0% in women vs. 19.4% in men; p = 0.004).

Conclusions

Successful H. pylori eradication with VA‐dual was associated with the small body size of patients. This therapy may have to be adjusted per body size.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the Family Connections program for caregivers of youth with mental health challenges, part I: A quantitative analysis
Authors: Boritz Tali Z. , Sheikhan Natasha Y. , Hawke Lisa D. , McMain Shelley F. , Henderson Joanna
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Caregivers of youth with mental health (MH) challenges are often faced with complex problems in relation to caring for their youth. Family Connections™ (FC) is a 12‐week skills training program for families of individuals with MH challenges, developed originally for Borderline Personality Disorder. Research is needed to examine the effectiveness of FC for caregivers of youth with diverse MH challenges.

Objective

To examine the effectiveness of FC for caregivers of youth with MH challenges.

Methods

A total of 94 caregivers of youth with MH challenges participated in FC, across three sites in Ontario, Canada. Assessments occurred at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks and follow‐up. Primary outcomes include the Burden Assessment Scale and The Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents. Secondary outcomes included the caregiver's report of child behaviour, affect, mastery, coping and grief. Linear mixed model analyses were conducted, where time and the time × site interaction were defined as the fixed effects.

Results

Statistically significant improvements over time were observed across outcome measures, including caregiver burden, grief, coping, and other measures. The time × site interaction was only significant for burden (P = .005).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of FC for caregivers of youth with MH challenges. Future research should focus on differences across geographical sites and facilitation models.

Patient or public contribution

Caregivers were involved in the facilitation of FC. A person with lived experience was involved in analysing the data, reporting the results, and drafting the manuscript.
The development of PAT‐HD: A co‐designed tool to promote physical activity in people with Huntington’s disease
Authors: Jones Una , Hamana Katy , O’Hara Fran , Busse Monica
Published: February 2021

Background

Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic condition resulting in movement, behavioural and cognitive impairments. People with HD have low levels of physical activity which may be compounded by insufficient support from health‐care professionals.

Objective

To evaluate the initial acceptability of a co‐designed tool used within a HD clinic to promote physical activity.

Design

Co‐design of a physical activity tool; acceptability evaluation.

Setting and participants

Co‐design included people with HD and health‐care professionals. Acceptability was evaluated in a HD clinic in the UK.

Main variables studied

A physical activity tool was co‐designed and used within a HD clinic.

Main outcome measure

Acceptability as assessed by semi‐structured interviews with members of the HD clinic.

Results

Forty people visited the HD clinic; 19 were given physical activity advice. Themes around who, where and how promotion of physical activity could take place were identified; concepts of benefits and barriers were threads through each theme.

Discussion

We describe for the first time the co‐design of a HD specific physical activity tool. Our associated acceptability study emphasizes the importance of individualized planning of physical activities in complex neurodegenerative conditions. Perceived barriers were time and lack of knowledge of local resources.

Conclusions

A simple tool can support conversations about physical activity with people with HD and is an aid to individualized goal setting. Exploring the use of PAT‐HD within a community setting and development of support systems for health‐care professionals and support workers who are in regular contact with people with HD is required.
The “Maskne” microbiome – pathophysiology and therapeutics
Authors: Teo Wan‐Lin
Published: February 2021

“Maskne” is a new term coined during the 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic. It refers to a subset of acne mechanica, deserving consideration in view of widespread reusable fabric mask‐wearing to control the pandemic worldwide. Understanding of underlying pathophysiology directly relates to the novel skin microenvironment and textile–skin friction created by mask‐wearing, distinct from nontextile‐related acne mechanica previously linked to wearing of headgear. Specifically, the occlusive microenvironment leads to microbiome dysbiosis, which is linked to various dermatological conditions. Additional textile–skin interactions include factors such as breathability, stickiness sensations, moisture saturation, and hygiene maintenance. Increased skin temperatures can trigger sweat/heat‐related dermatoses, and ear loops potentially trigger pressure‐induced dermatoses. Important therapeutic considerations include increased skin irritation potential of conventional acne treatments under occlusion, exacerbation of chronic dermatoses, that is, perioral dermatitis, rosacea, and eczema, and susceptibility of these same patient groups to heightened discomfort with mask‐wearing. Cotton, as the traditional fabric of choice for dermatology patients, has limited benefits in the context of face masks – increased subjective discomfort relates to increased moisture saturation and stickiness, inevitable because of high biofluid load of the nasal and oral orifices. Prolonged textile–skin contact time, directly proportional to the risk of maskne, can be an opportunity for the application of biofunctional textiles.
Melanoma mortality in Spain: predictions up to 2043
Authors: García‐Souto Fernando , Durán‐Romero Antonio Jose , Pereyra‐Rodríguez Jose‐Juan
Published: February 2021

Background

Melanoma mortality rates are stabilizing and in certain regions and age groups are trending down. Although there are some studies that predict melanoma mortality in other countries, there are currently no studies that predict mortality in Spain in the coming years. The main aim of this study is to calculate melanoma mortality projections in Spain for the period 2019‐2043.

Methods

This is a population‐based ecological study that utilized information from the Spanish National Statistics Institute. Analysis included deaths as a result of cutaneous melanoma in Spain in the period 1979‐2018, and data was analyzed according to gender and age group. Projections were made until 2043 in five‐year periods, calculated in Nordpred (within the R software).

Results

Our estimates predict that in the period 2019‐2043, there will be 30,477.9 deaths from melanoma in Spain, with the age group of >85 years being the group with the highest number of deaths. The expected average annual death rate for melanoma in both genders for the period 2019‐2043 is 1,269.9 deaths / year. The predicted age‐standardized mortality rates varied between 4.62/100.000 inhabitants in the 2019‐2023 period and 3.94/100.000 inhabitants in the 2039‐2043 period.

Conclusions

Overall mortality rate and age‐standardized melanoma death rates in older people of both genders will increase in the coming years in Spain, while rates in younger people will stabilize or decrease progressively. In the coming years, prevention efforts should focus on the young, but the emphasis should also be on educating the elderly in early detection of melanoma.
Investigating the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps in septal and lobular cutaneous panniculitides
Authors: Safi Rémi , El Hasbani Georges , Bardawil Tara , Abbas Ossama , Kibbi Abdul‐Ghani , Nassar Dany
Published: February 2021

Background

Panniculitides are a heterogeneous group of inflammatory dermatoses involving the subcutaneous fatty tissue. Histologically, they are classified into septal and lobular panniculitis, according to the predominant localization of the inflammatory infiltrate. Neutrophils are frequently found in panniculitis, mainly at the early stages. Here, we investigated whether neutrophils contribute to various types of cutaneous panniculitis by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

Materials and Methods

Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded skin biopsies from 25 patients with panniculitis were included in the study. Our cohort was divided into n = 10 erythema nodosum (septal panniculitis) and n = 15 lobular panniculitis, including n = 7 lupus panniculitis, n = 1 pancreatic panniculitis, n = 1 Weber‐Christian disease, n = 1 deep fungal infection, n = 2 lipodermatosclerosis, and three cases did not have an identified etiology. The presence of neutrophils and NETs was assessed by double immunofluorescence using antibodies against elastase, a neutrophilic marker, and citrullinated histone 3, a marker of NETs.

Results

The mean percentages (±SEM) of elastase‐positive neutrophils showing NETs were 44% ± 3% in erythema nodosum and 43% ± 7% in lobular panniculitis. The difference was not statistically significant and reflects the implication of NETs not only in severe scarring lobular panniculitis but also in benign non‐scarring self‐remitting reactive inflammation such as erythema nodosum. In tissues, NETs were located in the interlobular septa in erythema nodosum and in the inflamed fat lobules in lobular panniculitis.

Conclusions

NETs are massively present in septal and lobular subtypes of panniculitides, suggesting their involvement in tissue damage.
The impacts of germinating organic wheat: effects on phytic acid, resistant starch, and functional properties of flour, and sensory attributes of sourdough bread
Authors: Stern Alexandra L. , Berstein Julia , Jones Stephen S. , Blumberg Jeffrey B. , Griffin Timothy S.
Published: February 2021

This study assessed the impact of germination duration on two varieties of wheat grown organically (Expresso and Syngenta SY Basalt (Basalt)). In Expresso, d‐glucose content increased from 0.06 g/100 g in the control to 0.55 g/100 g after a 24‐h germination period (P < 0.05). In both varieties, similar increases were observed for sucrose and maltose, and no pattern emerged for resistant starch or phytate. In Basalt, baseline phytate (0 h 1.07 g/100 g) did not differ from treatment groups (6 h 0.97 g/100 g; 12 h 0.98 g/100 g; 24 h 1.09 g/100 g; 36 h 0.98 g/100 g). Functional properties of flour decreased with germination duration and resulted in bread which panellists perceived to have inferior crumb (24 h Expresso; 36 h Basalt; P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the overall acceptability of breads across treatments and inclusion of germinated wheat improved bread sweetness.
Négociation et performance: une analyse exhaustive et précise de l'effet de différents systèmes de négociation sur la productivité des entreprises
Authors: BRAAKMANN Nils , BRANDL Bernd
Published: February 2021

S'appuyant sur des données représentatives au niveau des entreprises, disponibles pour l'ensemble de l'UE, les auteurs analysent la relation entre les processus et structures institutionnelles de négociation collective et l'évolution de la productivité du travail. Ils montrent que la nature du système de négociation a une influence marquée: certaines caractéristiques sont associées à une baisse de performance (notamment la présence d'un système de négociation sectorielle non coordonné), d'autres à une amélioration (systèmes sectoriels coordonnés). Plus que le caractère individuel ou collectif de la négociation, c'est donc bien la nature des processus et structures dans lesquels elle s'inscrit qui importe en la matière.
Parsing the mobilities of capital and labour: The case of Tim Hortons and internationally mobile Filipino workers
Authors: Bryan Catherine , Barber Pauline Gardiner
Published: February 2021

In 2007, Canada expanded the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) to include service and hospitality sectors. By 2010, more migrants entered Canada with temporary visas than as permanent residents. While some found employment in hospitality and tourism, most were concentrated in the fast food sector. Working transnationally, this paper uses Tim Hortons’ concurrent global expansion and its arrival in the Philippines as a case study of the global mobilities and intersecting pathways of capital and labour. Drawing on the theoretical contributions of feminist political economy, it illustrates how the aspirations and mobilities of the Filipino workers at the centre of this study are organized in the service of capital; capital, in this example, as represented by the globally ambitious Tim Hortons’ parent corporation, Restaurant Brands International (RBI) and, more specifically, the Brazilian American global investment firm that owns and manages RBI, 3G Capital, as well as by the efforts and objectives of franchise holders.
Exploring initial school integration among Syrian refugee children
Authors: Guo Yan , Maitra Srabani , Guo Shibao
Published: February 2021

This paper explores the initial integration experiences of Syrian refugee children in schools in Canada. We conducted two focus groups with twelve Syrian refugee parents and three focus groups with eighteen children. Our research shows that Syrian refugee children experienced emotional barriers while struggling with their identity as Syrian “refugees.” Their low English proficiency, English only practice in classrooms and teachers’ low expectations further exacerbated the barriers to children's school integration. Syrian refugee children not only found it difficult to make friends with local students but were also subjected to constant bullying and racism that affected their sense of belonging and connection. Our research has both local and global implications, given a global increase in refugee student population. This paper makes an important contribution to the student voice theory by integrating the voices and concerns of Syrian refugee children trying to integrate into the Canadian school system.
Approach to the patient with early Parkinson disease: diagnosis and management
Authors: Kimber Thomas E.
Published: February 2021

This article presents an evidence‐based approach to the patient with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease (PD). It includes a discussion of the current understanding of the aetio‐pathogenesis of PD and of clinical features, both motor and non‐motor, that assist the clinician in making this diagnosis. An approach to the management of early stage PD is discussed, including emerging evidence of the benefits of physical exercise in this condition, and issues to consider in the selection of dopaminergic medication. The newly diagnosed patient with PD is often keen to know what the future holds for them, as they face this progressive neurodegenerative condition. While currently available medical therapies are symptomatic, rather than disease‐modifying, in nature, it is hoped that improved understanding of the aetio‐pathogenesis of PD will pave the way for future disease‐modifying therapies.
Treatment implications of a delayed diagnosis of maturity‐onset diabetes of the young
Authors: Ali Aleena S. , Brown Fran , Ekinci Elif I.
Published: February 2021

Maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare form of monogeneic diabetes that classically presents as non‐insulin requiring diabetes with evidence of autosomal dominant inheritance in individuals who are typically young and lean. However, these criteria do not capture all cases and can also overlap with other types of diabetes. The hepatocyte nuclear factor‐1 alpha (HNF1A) mutation is a common cause of MODY and is highly sensitive to sulphonylureas, which should be first‐line therapy. Our case represents the diagnostic challenges of HNF1A MODY and the implications of a delayed diagnosis, which can lead to reduced success of sulphonylurea treatment.
Faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: an Australian experience − effective, safe, yet room for improvement
Authors: Chauhan Ayushi , Apostolov Ross , van Langenberg Daniel , Garg Mayur
Published: February 2021

Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is reportedly effective and safe for the management of recurrent or refractory Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), yet real‐world data of outcomes of FMT in Australia are limited. In this series, FMT safely resulted in resolution of CDI in 19 patients with reduced healthcare utilisation after 25 FMT, but one patient was diagnosed with an anti‐nuclear antibody‐positive constitutional illness and Hashimoto thyroiditis following FMT. Further prospective evaluation of the utility of FMT earlier in CDI treatment algorithms to minimise cost and morbidity, and recipient follow up for immune‐mediated conditions, is required.
Further evidence for the multidimensional nature of maternal sensitivity: differential links with child socioemotional functioning at preschool age
Authors: Bernier Annie , Tarabulsy George M. , Cyr Chantal , Matte‐Gagné Célia
Published: February 2021

There has been increasing scholarly attention to the study of maternal sensitivity as a multidimensional construct. This report investigated the predictive value of three dimensions of sensitivity during mother–infant interactions in an effort to gain greater understanding of how specific facets of sensitivity relate to child socioemotional outcomes. Maternal cooperation/attunement (accurate interpretation of infant cues and capacity to adjust the interaction correspondingly), positivity (positive attitude toward the infant), and accessibility/availability (consistent attentiveness) were assessed observationally in 195 mothers of 1‐year‐old infants. Child socioemotional functioning was assessed using behavioral tasks and maternal and teacher reports when children were 4 years of age. The results revealed that maternal accessibility/availability was predictive of less externalizing behavior, more prosocial behavior (mother‐ and teacher‐reported), and better theory of mind, while maternal positivity predicted effortful control. These results highlight the advantages of a multidimensional assessment in understanding how sensitivity predicts different developmental outcomes.
Instrumental explanations of attitudes towards immigrants during the “refugee crisis”: Evidence from Italy
Authors: Di Mauro Danilo , Memoli Vincenzo
Published: February 2021

The recent history of immigration flows shows recurrent massive waves of arrivals that put under great stress both policies and politics within national systems, due to rising politicization and public concern. Despite a great amount of analyses on the origins of attitudes towards immigrants and immigration, the relationships with flow peaks need still more observations, especially with a focus on natives’ interests. Do self and sociotropic‐ interests perceptions become much more related to sentiments of hostility during high immigration flows? This study addresses this research question by focusing mainly on three realistic‐instrumental theoretical explanations such as neighbourhood safety, contact theory and economic competition from a diachronic perspective. To this end, we observe the case of Italy, where the so‐called refugee crisis affecting Europe since 2015 has generated an unprecedented number of arrivals, inflaming public debate and influencing both policy choices and party positions. By using the European Social Survey from the period 2003–2017, we show that in this context the relationship between economic indicators and hostility towards immigrants becomes stronger during the crisis period.
A multicriteria decision‐making framework for assessing the performance of gynecobstetrics departments: a case study
Authors: Ortíz‐Barrios Miguel , Gutiérrez‐Severiche Edward , Cómbita‐Niño Dayana , Jiménez‐Delgado Genett , Ishizaka Alessio , Barbati Maria , Herrera‐Fontalvo Zulmeira
Published: February 2021

Gynecobstetrics departments (GDs) oversee diagnosing, monitoring, and treating female reproductive diseases as well as assisting women during pregnancy. Their importance motivates the creation of suitable performance evaluation approaches for identifying weaknesses and designing focused interventions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is twofold: (a) provide an approach for GD performance evaluation and (b) propose interventions tackling the GDs’ weaknesses. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was first applied to calculate the initial criteria and subcriteria weights under vagueness. Then, the decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) was implemented to evaluate interrelations. FAHP and DEMATEL were later combined to estimate the final criteria and subcriteria weights under vagueness and interdependency. Finally, the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was used to rank the GDs and detect improvement opportunities. A case study of a cluster including three GDs is presented to validate the proposed approach. The results evidenced that patient safety and service quality are the most critical aspects in GD performance evaluation. The results from this application can be used by healthcare managers for designing focused interventions targeting improved performance of GDs. This paper fully exploits the advantages of FAHP, DEMATEL, and TOPSIS methods for evaluating performances of GDs. Furthermore, this study presents a novel decision‐making model representing the multifactorial context of the GD performance.
Enhanced microwave absorption properties of Y‐Co2Z/PANI hexaferrites composites in the frequency range of 0.1–18 GHz
Authors: Tran Ngo , Lee Min Young , Nguyen Hong Hanh , Jeong Woo Hyun , Dang Ngoc Toan , Thi Le Anh , Phan The‐Long , Lee Bo Wha
Published: February 2021

We prepared Ba3−xYxCo2Fe24O41 (Y‐Co2Z, x = 0, 0.2, and 0.4) by the solid‐state reaction method. Y‐Co2Z and polyaniline (PANI) composites (named as Y‐P0, Y‐P2, and Y‐P4) were prepared by using the in‐situ polymerization method. The Y‐doping played an important role in the variation of lattice parameters, a and c. The combination of Y‐doping and PANI modified the magnetic properties of the composites, which could be observed by the changing of the saturation magnetization and coercivity. This combination had also affected the electromagnetic properties of composites through the measurements of complex permittivity and permeability. Using the transmission line theory, we calculated refection loss (RL) of composites with the variation thickness of 1.00–2.50 mm. Our composites tuned the minimum RL from the X band (RL = −29.6 dB at 11.4 GHz for Y‐P2) to Ku band (RL = −16.3 dB at 15.7 GHz for Y‐P4 and RL = −26.4 dB at 16.6 GHz for Y‐P4). For maximum effective bandwidth, our composites covered a huge range from the S and C bands (Y‐P0 with 3.9 GHz in the range of 3.4–7.3 GHz) through the X band (Y‐P2 with 3.9 GHz in the range of 9.0–12.9 GHz) to the Ku band (Y‐P4 with 4.0 GHz in the range of 13.8–17.8 GHz). Those properties proved that the composites could act as promising absorbers in the S, C, X, and Ku bands.
Scientific Phenomenology in Design Pedagogy: The Legacy of Walter Gropius and Gestalt Psychology
Authors: Sinico Michele
Published: February 2021

This article examines the contribution of scientific phenomenology in design pedagogy through the theoretical relationships between the German art school Staatliches Bauhaus and the most important scientific phenomenological theories of the first half of the twentieth century. After showing the relationships between the Gestalt Theory and the principal teachers of the Bauhaus (Johannes Itten, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, László Moholy‐Nagy, Josef Albers), the pedagogical epistemology of Walter Gropius is critically presented. The epoché, the intersubjective criterion and the anti‐psychologism are examined. In conclusion, it is evidenced that Gropius was strongly influenced by Gestalt psychology. This undeclared influence was a necessary consequence of the fact that phenomenological attitude is a crucial operating modality for the concrete practice of design.
Smarthealth technology study protocol to improve relationships between older adults with dementia and family caregivers
Authors: Rose Karen M. , Coop Gordon Kristina , Schlegel Emma C. , Mccall Matthew , Gao Ye , Ma Meiyi , Lenger Katherine A. , Ko Eunjung , Wright Kathy D. , Wang Hongning , Stankovic John
Published: February 2021

Aim

The aim of this study is to develop a Smarthealth system of monitoring, modelling, and interactive recommendation solutions (for caregivers) for in‐home dementia patient care that focuses on caregiver–patient relationships.

Design

This descriptive study employs a single‐group, non‐randomized trial to examine functionality, effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of the novel Smarthealth system.

Methods

Thirty persons with Alzheimer's Disease or related dementia and their family caregivers (N = 30 dyads) will receive and install Smarthealth technology in their home. There will be a 1‐month observation phase for collecting baseline mood states and a 2‐month implementation phase when caregivers will receive stress management techniques for each detected, negative mood state. Caregivers will report technique implementation and usefulness, sent via Ecological Momentary Assessment system to the study‐provided smartphone. Caregivers will provide daily, self‐reported mood and health ratings. Instruments measuring caregiver assessment of disruptive behaviours and their effect on caregivers; caregiver depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress; caregiver strain; and family functioning will be completed at baseline and 3 months. The study received funding in 2018 and ethics board approval in 2019.

Discussion

This study will develop and test novel in‐home technology to improve family caregiving relationships. Results from this study will help develop and improve the Smarthealth recommendation system and determine its usefulness, feasibility, and acceptability for persons with dementia and their family caregiver.

Impact

The Smarthealth technology discussed will provide in‐home stress reduction resources at a time when older adults may be experiencing increasingly high rates of isolation and anxiety and caregiver dyads may be experiencing high levels of relationship strain.

Trial Registration

This study was registered with Clinical Trials.gov (Identifier NCT04536701).
Is There a Duty to Be a Digital Minimalist?
Authors: Aylsworth Timothy , Castro Clinton
Published: February 2021

The harms associated with wireless mobile devices (e.g. smartphones) are well documented. They have been linked to anxiety, depression, diminished attention span, sleep disturbance, and decreased relationship satisfaction. Perhaps what is most worrying from a moral perspective, however, is the effect these devices can have on our autonomy. In this article, we argue that there is an obligation to foster and safeguard autonomy in ourselves, and we suggest that wireless mobile devices pose a serious threat to our capacity to fulfill this obligation. We defend the existence of an imperfect duty to be a ‘digital minimalist’. That is, we have a moral obligation to be intentional about how and to what extent we use these devices. The empirical findings already justify prudential reasons in favor of digital minimalism, but the moral duty is distinct from and independent of prudential considerations.
A little shot of humility: Intellectual humility predicts vaccination attitudes and intention to vaccinate against COVID‐19
Authors: Huynh Ho P. , Senger Amy R.
Published: February 2021

Vaccinations remain a critical, albeit surprisingly controversial, health behavior, especially with the promise of widely available COVID‐19 vaccine. Intellectual humility, a virtue characterized by nonjudgmental recognition of one's own intellectual fallibility, may counter rigidity associated with anti‐vaccination attitudes and help promote vaccine‐related behaviors. This study investigated whether intellectual humility is related to anti‐vaccination attitudes and intentions to vaccinate against COVID‐19, and whether intellectual humility can predict unique variance in these outcomes beyond participant demographic and personal factors. Participants (N = 351, 57.23% male, mean age = 37.41 years, SD = 11.51) completed a multidimensional measure for intellectual humility, the anti‐vaccination attitudes (VAX) scale, and a two‐item COVID‐19 vaccination intention scale. Bivariate correlations demonstrated that intellectual humility was negatively related with anti‐vaccination attitudes overall, r(349) = −.46, p < .001, and positively related to intentions to vaccinate against COVID‐19, r(349) = .20, p < .001. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that intellectual humility predicted all four types anti‐vaccination attitudes, overall anti‐vaccination attitudes, and COVID‐19 vaccination intentions above and beyond demographic and personal factors (i.e., sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, socioeconomic status, and political orientation), ΔR2 between .08 and .18, ps < .001. These results bolster intellectual humility as a malleable psychological factor to consider in efforts to combat anti‐vaccination attitudes and promote COVID‐19 vaccination uptake.
Diel at‐sea activity of two species of great albatrosses: the ontogeny of foraging and movement behaviour
Authors: Pajot Adrien , Corbeau Alexandre , Jambon Aurélie , Weimerskirch Henri
Published: February 2021

The first year of life is a period of high mortality in animals. Reduced foraging capacities of naive individuals might be the primary cause of their mortality. These capacities are supposed to be progressively acquired during the first months of life. In this study, we investigate the ontogeny of flight capacities, by day and night, of first‐year individuals, and compare it with adults from two closely related species of great albatrosses: Amsterdam Diomedea amsterdamensis and wandering Diomedea exulans albatrosses which forage in different environmental conditions. We used 71 tracks of 71 juvenile birds and 141 of 116 incubating adults to compare both age categories. In order to explore the effect of moon light on night activity, we elaborated a new formula which improves the precision of the proxy of moon illumination. By day, we found that juveniles of both species reach some adult foraging capacities in less than two months. By night, albatrosses have reduced activity increasing during the first weeks at sea for juveniles and changing in accordance with moon illumination for both juveniles and adults. A peak of flight activity at dawn and dusk was apparent for both species. Interspecific comparison underlined that Amsterdam albatrosses were more active than wandering albatrosses, suggesting a difference in food and foraging strategy. Overall, we highlighted how life history traits, environmental conditions and time of the day affect the foraging activity of two related species of seabirds.
A putative telomerase activator has tissue‐specific effects on telomere length in a developing songbird
Authors: Wolf Sarah E. , Stansberry Keegan R. , Content Kristen R. , Rosvall Kimberly A.
Published: February 2021

There is good evidence that telomeres predict variation in health and longevity, yet it is unclear whether these patterns are causally derived from telomeres per se, in part because relatively little research directly manipulates telomere length during early life, when telomere shortening is most dynamic. Here, we test how the telomerase activator TA‐65 (i.e. cycloastrogenol) affects telomere length in five tissues during the peak of growth in the wild tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor. Following eight days of oral TA‐65 administration, chicks experienced telomere lengthening in the blood and accelerated feather growth, but no changes to mass over time. TA‐65 did not affect telomere length in the brain or spleen and led to shorter telomeres in the liver and adrenals. This whole‐organism experimental manipulation of telomere dynamics therefore reveals limitations to telomere protection and biological senescence. In doing so, this work advances our understanding of early‐life telomere dynamics and their potential role in generating future variation in health and lifespan.
Novel biogeographic patterns across latitudinal and elevational gradients: A case study with tropical montane epiphytes lends insights to conservation
Authors: Hollenbeck Emily C. , Sax Dov F.
Published: February 2021

Aim

While latitudinal and elevational gradients of range size have been thoroughly studied, the ways these gradients might interact with each other to shape species distributions in complex montane environments are not well understood. We examined how elevational and latitudinal gradients interact to structure individual species’ distributions and larger geographic range size patterns.

Location

Neotropics.

Taxa

Two epiphytic plant genera: Peperomia and Elaphoglossum.

Methods

We compiled 35,382 GBIF records for 505 species, calculated species’ latitudinal and elevational range extents, and examined gradients in richness and range size. For individual species, we analysed the relationship between elevational and latitudinal occurrences.

Results

Approximately 50% of species demonstrate a significant, negative relationship between their elevational and latitudinal occurrences; most of these species occupy a non‐random, relatively narrow range of mean annual temperatures across their latitudinal distribution. Across species there is a positive relationship between latitudinal and elevational extent, a phenomenon we hereafter refer to as ‘Stevens’ pattern’. Average latitudinal extent of species’ ranges increased at higher latitudes, in support of Rapoport's rule. Average elevational extent increased with elevation in the global dataset (consistent with Rapoport's elevational rule), but most subsets of the data demonstrated a peak in average extent size at mid‐elevations.

Main conclusions

The prevalence of species with negative elevation‐by‐latitude relationships, along with their non‐random tracking of temperature, suggests that many tropical species with broad geographic distributions are more temperature sensitive than their broad ranges might otherwise suggest. Consequently, even tropical species that occur across a wide range of latitudes and elevations might be threatened by climate change. These wide‐ranging species drive the occurrence of two biogeographic patterns: Rapoport's elevational rule and Stevens’ pattern. Finally, while Rapoport's rule and its elevational corollary were supported in part, the unexpected occurrence of many species restricted to high elevations near the equator suggests a possible focus for conservation effort.
Long‐term retention of lithium disilicate crowns with a current bioactive cement
Authors: Streiff Kerry R. , Lepe Xavier , Johnson Glen H.
Published: February 2021

Objective

To determine if a recent bioactive cement provides acceptable lithium disilicate crown retention after long‐term aging with monthly thermocycling.

Materials and Methods

Extracted molars prepared with flat occlusal, 20° taper, ~4 mm axial. Prepared teeth assigned to two groups for equal mean surface areas per group. Lithium disilicate crowns fabricated with occlusal bar to facilitate removal. Crowns etched with 9.5%HF and cleaned. Cements were Ceramir Crown & Bridge QuikCap (CM) and Ketac Cem Maxicap (KC). Before cementation, specimens stored in 37°C water. Crowns cemented with 196 N force, placed in 37°C, 100% humidity oven for setting. Specimens thermocycled (5–55°C) 5000 cycles monthly for 6 months; otherwise stored in phosphate buffered saline solution. Crowns removed axially at 0.5 mm/min. Removal forces recorded and stresses calculated using areas. Independent t‐test (α = 0.05).

Results

Levene test not significant (P = 0.649). CM removal stresses and forces (P < 0.001) were higher (1.93 MPa, 261.4 N) compared to KC (1.06 MPa, 139.4 N). CM cement found principally on crown intaglio, KC found with most cement on prepared tooth. Chi‐square significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Following long‐term aging with monthly thermocycling, lithium disilicate crowns were best retained by CM cement, however both cements are capable of retaining lithium disilicate crowns with preparations of ideal taper and length.

Clinical Significance

Results serve as a basis for bioactive cement selection for retaining lithium disilicate crowns. Without optimal axial length, taper of preparation or retentive features, Ceramir Crown and Bridge QuikCap offers a bioactive cement with improved long‐term retention when compared to Ketac Cem Maxicap for lithium disilicate crowns.
Comparison of methods to quantify metabolic rate and its relationship with activity in larval lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens
Authors: Yoon Gwangseok R. , Bjornson Forrest , Deslauriers David , Anderson W. Gary
Published: February 2021

Until recently most studies have focussed on method development for metabolic rate assessment in adult and/or juvenile fish with less focus on measurement of oxygen consumption (ṀO2) during early life history stages, including fast‐growing larval fish and even less focus on nonteleostean species. In the present study we evaluated measurement techniques for standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and aerobic scope in an Acipenseriform, the lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens, throughout the first year of life. Standardized forced exercise protocols to assess MMR were conducted for 5 or 15 min before or after measurement of SMR. We used different levels of oxygen decline during the measurement period of MMR post forced exercise to understand the influence these may have on the calculation of MMR. Opercular rate and tail beat frequencies were recorded by video as measures of behaviours and compared to metabolic rate recorded over a 24 h period. Results indicate that calculated values for aerobic scope were lower in younger fish. Neither exercise sequence nor exercise duration influenced metabolic rate measurements in the younger fish, but exercise duration did affect measurement of MMR in older fish. Finally, there was no strong correlation between metabolic rate and the measured behaviours in the lake sturgeon at either age. Based on the results, we recommend that a minimum of 6 h of acclimation to the respirometry chamber should be given prior to measuring SMR, a chasing protocol to elicit MMR should ideally be performed at the end of experiment, a short chasing time should be avoided to minimize variation and assessment of MMR should balance measurement limitations of the probes along with when and for how long oxygen consumption is measured.
Morphology, phylogenetics and pathology of “red sore disease” (coinfection by Epistylis cf. wuhanensis and Aeromonas hydrophila) on sportfishes from reservoirs in the South‐Eastern United States
Authors: Ksepka Steven P. , Bullard Stephen A.
Published: February 2021

The aetiological agents of red sore disease (RSD) reportedly comprise a taxonomically ambiguous stalked ciliate (a species of Epistylis) and Aeromonas hydrophila. The taxonomic identity of each pathogen remains provisional: using supra‐specific morphological features for the ciliate and culture‐based methods that cannot delineate bacterial strain. On 7 and 9 November 2017 and 28 May 2020, biologists and anglers reported a local epizootic (Hiwassee and Chattahoochee river basins; Georgia) wherein some moribund fish presented RSD‐like lesions. The ciliates were assigned to Epistylis by morphology. The ciliate is regarded as Epistylis cf wuhanensis, as nucleotide sequences from its small subunit ribosomal DNA were identical to those of Epistylis wuhanensis. The bacterium was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila by phenotypic markers and nucleotide sequences from the DNA gyrase subunit B; our sequences comprised 3 strains and phylogenetically were recovered sister to strains of Eurasian origin. Histological sections of lesions revealed effacement or partial deterioration of the epithelium covering scales, scale loss, haemorrhaging, necrosis, oedema, and extensive inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis. This is the first nucleotide sequence information for the symbionts implicated in RSD.