bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grammatical and lexical factors in sound change: A usage-based approach
Authors: Bybee Joan
Published: November 2017

The question of whether or not grammatical factors can condition or block sound change has been discussed from many perspectives for more than a century without resolution (Melchert, 1975). Here we consider studies of sound change in progress which show that words or phrases that are used frequently in the phonetic environment for change undergo the change before those whose use is less frequent in these contexts. Because words of different categories and with different structures also have different distributions, they may occur preferentially in certain phonetic environments. Thus, some apparent cases of influence by grammatical and lexical factors can be explained by phonetic factors if we expand our notion ofphonetic environmentto include frequency within the environment for change, which includes the segmental environment as well as factors that affect the degree of prominence a word receives in context.
The Emergence of an Ecstatic-materialist Perspective as a Cross-genre Tendency in Experimental Music
Authors: Wanke Riccardo
Published: November 2017

This article proposes a perspective on certain practices within experimental music based on a particular understanding of sonic materialism. By tracing correlations and marking divergences between post-spectralism, minimalism, electroacoustic music, glitch and IDM’s offshoots, this article reflects onsound-in-itself, the conception of space and time in music, poietics, perceptual and cultural factors, and suggests that there is a particular understanding of sonic materialism – which I termecstatic-materialism– that is rooted in a synthesis of perception, theory and embodied actions.

This perspective explores a new expressivity of sound in which the sound itself is the point of convergence for creative impulses and perceptual motives, sound being the common territory between composer and listener. By developing the idea of an ecstatic-sonic-materialism, various works across different genres can be brought together according to this mutual convergence on sound that embodies acoustic properties, intimate traces, external and corporeal experiences.
A Typo-morphological Approach to Human–Machine Interaction Analysis in Music
Authors: Maestri Eric
Published: November 2017

This article proposes an analytical perspective on the aural analysis of human–machine interaction. Starting from Pierre Schaeffer’s musical thinking, it focuses on the perception of sound morphologies that generate from human–machine interaction. This interaction, usually interpreted under the perspective of the devices and technological innovation, will be interpreted through the perspective of musical perception and semantics. In the article, the author applies the criterion of ‘allure’, that permits the analysis of the sound object’s sustain and indicates the sound agent as mechanical, living or natural. ‘Allure’ is used as a theoretical framework for the analysis of human–computer interaction (HCI) in music. Inspired by a hypothetical perceptive Turing’s test, the author employs the ‘allure’ criterion as a conceptual tool for an aural analysis of human–machine interaction: aural analysis can indeed reveal the interaction of sound agents through the cognitive mechanism of motor imagery. This approach can be extended and developed in music information retrieval. The author will develop this reflection showing the actuality of Schaeffer’s perspective in HCI analysis. Finally, to highlight the interaction between human and electronic sound sources, the author will consider a case study: the first movement of Traiettoria for piano and electronics by Marco Stroppa.
Re-orientating Spectromorphology and Space-form through a Hybrid Acoustemology
Authors: Spencer Edward K.
Published: November 2017

This article re-orientates Denis Smalley’s work on spectromorphology and space-form through a case study of electronic dance music (EDM) on YouTube. An EDM track and its related YouTube comments are analysed concurrently in order to examine how sound-shapes and sonic spatiality are experienced in practice on the social web. Using Stephen Feld’s notion of acoustemology as a theoretical base, I argue that semantic and somantic ways of knowing through sound are thoroughly entangled. A hybrid acoustemology model is outlined, merging spectromorphology and space-form with elements of ecosemiotics and music psychology. The model is then deployed during an acoustemology of the trance/breakbeat trackFinished Symphonyby Hybrid (1999). Selected YouTube comments onFinished Symphonyuploads are coded deductively using the descriptive system of Gabrielsson and Wik (2003). A larger set of comments is subsequently collected for inductive content analysis, which highlights some wider issues relating to the words we use for music and sound. The article concludes by calling forvantage point shiftsin music research.
Transformed Sound as Personal Construct
Authors: Plessas Peter
Published: November 2017

To better understand the function of sound within electronic music it is inevitable to consider the way composers and performers talk about such sound and its different qualities. An attempt to classify sound is a logical consequence of the desire to orient oneself in a vast field of possibilities. It remains difficult, however, to relate such a classification to the intuitive way we talk about sound. Heavily influenced by our individual upbringing, cultural and musical environment and, perhaps most strongly, by our peers in the creation and performance of music, words verbalised in relation to sound and music invite a systematic investigation. This article exemplifies such an investigation, attempting the elicitation and structuring of a vocabulary from eight musically trained individuals in a two-stage experiment. The words examined here are concerned with sounds created by transformation of acoustic sources through electronic processing methods.
The Rise and Decline of “Gender Gaps” in Support for Military Action: United States, 1986–2011
Authors: Feinstein Yuval
Published: November 2017

In the past several decades, many scholars of public opinion in the United States have argued that American women are less likely than American men to endorse military action as a means to deal with international problems. Evidence for this “gender gap” has been found in studies of public opinion during major international conflicts (Bendyna et al. 1996; Wilcox, Ferrara, and Allsop 1993), as well as studies of longitudinal trends that examined pooled data sets from multiple conflict periods (Berinsky 2009; Burris 2008; Fite, Genest, and Wilcox 1990; Shapiro and Mahajan 1986). Researchers sometimes view men's generally greater rates of support for military actions as part of a more general “gender gap” phenomenon in U.S. politics, but the cumulative evidence has suggested that foreign policy issues and questions of peace/war generate the widest and most consistent gender gaps (see Holsti 2004, 209–10 for a review).
„Wachsam? Aber sicher!“
Authors: Jähnke Anke , Liebert Yvonne , Käppeli Andrea , van Holten Karin , Bischofberger Iren
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Der Beitrag von Angehörigen zur Patientensicherheit ist bislang kaum untersucht. Pflegefachpersonen können als pflegende Angehörige auf spezifisches Fachwissen zurückgreifen. Fragestellung: Wie erleben Pflegefachpersonen unerwünschte Ereignisse bei der Gesundheitsversorgung ihrer Nächsten und wie gehen sie damit um? Methode: In der ersten Phase eines übergeordneten Forschungsprojekts mit sequenziellem Mixed Methods Design wurden insgesamt 30 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Gesundheitsfachpersonen, die eine nahestehende Person unterstützen, geführt. Dabei waren 20 Pflegefachpersonen. Alle Interviews wurden theoretisch kodiert. Im Analyseprozess wurden die Herausforderungen von Pflegefachpersonen bei unerwünschten Ereignissen als Schlüsselkategorie bedeutsam. Ausgehend von ihrem Erleben und ihrem situativen Handeln wurde ein Modell entwickelt. Ergebnisse: Das Modell veranschaulicht ein Dilemma der Befragten, sich bei unerwünschten Ereignissen als Angehörige und als Pflegefachperson zu positionieren. Sie beobachteten als fachkundige Angehörige die Versorgung ihrer Nächsten besonders wachsam und erkannten riskantes Verhalten und Schwachstellen im Versorgungssystem rasch. Bei unerwünschten Ereignissen mussten sie entscheiden, ob sie sich als Fachperson zu erkennen geben. Vor einem Eingreifen wägten sie Vor- und Nachteile sorgfältig ab. Schlussfolgerungen: In der Gesundheitsversorgung ihrer Nächsten nutzen Pflegefachpersonen ihr Fachwissen besonders bei sicherheitsrelevanten Ereignissen, die sie als risikoreich einschätzen, um möglichen Schaden abzuwenden bzw. zu minimieren.
Comparison of Uni- and Multidimensional Models Applied in	Testlet-Based Tests
Authors: Hernandez-Camacho Alejandro , Olea Julio , Abad Francisco J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The bifactor model (BM) and the testlet response model (TRM) are the most common multidimensional models applied to testlet-based tests. The common procedure is to estimate these models using different estimation methods (see, e.g., DeMars, 2006 ). A possible consequence of this is that previous findings about the implications of fitting a wrong model to the data may be confounded with the estimation procedures they employed. With this in mind, the present study uses the same method (maximum marginal likelihood [MML] using dimensional reduction) to compare uni- and multidimensional strategies to testlet-based tests, and assess the performance of various relative fit indices. Data were simulated under three different models, namely BM, TRM, and the unidimensional model. Recovery of item parameters, reliability estimates, and selection rates of the relative fit indices were documented. The results were essentially consistent with those obtained through different methods ( DeMars, 2006 ), indicating that the effect of the estimation method is negligible. Regarding the fit indices, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) showed the best selection rates, whereas Bayes Information Criterion (BIC) tended to select a model which is simpler than the true one. The work concludes with recommendations for practitioners and proposals for future research.
Synthesis of structurally controlled hyperbranched polymers using a monomer having hierarchical reactivity
Authors: Lu Yangtian , Nemoto Takashi , Tosaka Masatoshi , Yamago Shigeru
Published: November 2017

Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have attracted significant attention because of their characteristic topological structure associated with their unique physical properties compared with those of the corresponding linear polymers. Dendrimers are the most structurally controlled HBPs, but the necessity of a stepwise synthesis significantly limits their applications in materials science. Several methods have been developed to synthesize HBPs by a one-step procedure, as exemplified by the use of AB2 monomers and AB′ inimers under condensation and self-condensing vinyl polymerization conditions. However, none of these methods provides structurally controlled HBPs over the three-dimensional (3D) structure, i.e., molecular weight, dispersity, number of branching points, branching density, and chain-end functionalities, except under special conditions. Here, we introduce a monomer design concept involving two functional groups with hierarchical reactivity and demonstrate the controlled synthesis of dendritic HBPs over the 3D structure by the copolymerization of the designed monomer and acrylates under living radical polymerization conditions.
NDP52 activates nuclear myosin VI to enhance RNA polymerase II transcription
Authors: Fili Natalia , Hari-Gupta Yukti , dos Santos Ália , Cook Alexander , Poland Simon , Ameer-Beg Simon M. , Parsons Maddy , Toseland Christopher P.
Published: November 2017

Myosin VI (MVI) has been found to be overexpressed in ovarian, breast and prostate cancers. Moreover, it has been shown to play a role in regulating cell proliferation and migration, and to interact with RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII). Here, we find that backfolding of MVI regulates its ability to bind DNA and that a putative transcription co-activator NDP52 relieves the auto-inhibition of MVI to enable DNA binding. Additionally, we show that the MVI–NDP52 complex binds RNAPII, which is critical for transcription, and that depletion of NDP52 or MVI reduces steady-state mRNA levels. Lastly, we demonstrate that MVI directly interacts with nuclear receptors to drive expression of target genes, thereby suggesting a link to cell proliferation and migration. Overall, we suggest MVI may function as an auxiliary motor to drive transcription.
Manipulation of charge transport in thermoelectrics
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Pei Yanzhong
Published: November 2017

While numerous improvements have been achieved in thermoelectric materials by reducing the lattice thermal conductivity (κL), electronic approaches for enhancement can be as effective, or even more. A key challenge is decoupling Seebeck coefficient (S) from electrical conductivity (σ). The first order approximation - a single parabolic band assumption with acoustic scattering - leads the thermoelectric power factor (S2σ) to be maximized at a constant reduced Fermi level (η ~ 0.67) and therefore at a given S of ~167 μV/K. This simplifies the challenge of maximization of σ at a constant η, leading to a large number of degenerate transport channels (band degeneracy, Nv) and a fast transportation of charges (carrier mobility, μ). In this paper, existing efforts on this issue are summarized and future prospectives are given.
Linking functional connectivity and dynamic properties of resting-state networks
Authors: Lee Won Hee , Frangou Sophia
Published: November 2017

Spontaneous brain activity is organized into resting-state networks (RSNs) involved in internally-guided, higher-order mental functions (default mode, central executive and salience networks) and externally-driven, specialized sensory and motor processing (auditory, visual and sensorimotor networks). RSNs are characterized by their functional connectivity in terms of within-network cohesion and between-network integration, and by their dynamic properties in terms of synchrony and metastability. We examined the relationship between functional connectivity and dynamic network features using fMRI data and an anatomically constrained Kuramoto model. Extrapolating from simulated data, synchrony and metastability across the RSNs emerged at coupling strengths of 5 ≤ k ≤ 12. In the empirical RSNs, higher metastability and synchrony were respectively associated with greater cohesion and lower integration. Consistent with their dual role in supporting both sustained and diverse mental operations, higher-order RSNs had lower metastability and synchrony. Sensory and motor RSNs showed greater cohesion and metastability, likely to respectively reflect their functional specialization and their greater capacity for altering network states in response to multiple and diverse external demands. Our findings suggest that functional and dynamic RSN properties are closely linked and expand our understanding of the neural architectures that support optimal brain function.
A robust cell culture system supporting the complete life cycle of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Michailidis Eleftherios , Pabon Jonathan , Xiang Kuanhui , Park Paul , Ramanan Vyas , Hoffmann Hans-Heinrich , Schneider William M. , Bhatia Sangeeta N. , de Jong Ype P. , Shlomai Amir , Rice Charles M.
Published: November 2017

The discovery of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) as the hepatitis B virus (HBV) receptor enabled researchers to create hepatoma cell lines susceptible to HBV infection. Infection in current systems, however, is inefficient and virus fails to spread. Infection efficiency is enhanced by treating cells with polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) during infection. However, this alone does not promote virus spread. Here we show that maintaining PEG in culture medium increases the rate of infection by at least one order of magnitude, and, most importantly, promotes virus spread. To demonstrate the utility of this system, we show that two interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), ISG20 and tetherin, restrict HBV spread in NTCP-expressing hepatoma cells. Thus, this protocol can be easily applied to existing cell culture systems to study the complete HBV life cycle, including virus spread.
Investigating disordered many-body system with entanglement in momentum space
Authors: Ye Bing-Tian , Han Zhao-Yu , Mu Liang-Zhu , Fan Heng
Published: November 2017

We study the entanglement in momentum space of the ground state of a disordered one-dimensional fermion lattice model with attractive interaction. We observe two components in the entanglement spectrum, one of which is related to paired-fermion entanglement and contributes to the long-range correlation in position space. The vanishing point of it indicates the localization phenomenon in the ground state of this model. Additionally, by method of entanglement spectrum, we provide a new evidence to show the transition of two phases induced by interaction, and find that this phase transition is not influenced by the disorder. Our result show key characteristics in entanglement for different phases in the system, and provide a novel perspective to understand localization phenomena.
Seasonal Expression of Oxytocin and Oxytocin Receptor in the Scented Gland of Male Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
Authors: Zhang Fengwei , Liu Qian , Wang Ziyi , Xie Wenqian , Sheng Xia , Zhang Haolin , Yuan Zhengrong , Han Yingying , Weng Qiang
Published: November 2017

Oxytocin (OT) can modulate multiple physiological functions via binding to the widely distributed oxytocin receptor (OTR). In this study, we investigated the seasonal expressions of OT, OTR and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathway components in the scented gland of muskrat during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Histologically, glandular cells, interstitial cells and excretory tubules were identified in the breeding season scented glands, whereas epithelial cells were sparse in the non-breeding season. Immunohistochemical results showed that OTR was present in epithelial cells and interstitial cells while OT, pERK1/2, ERK1/2 and c-fos were expressed in epithelial cells and glandular cells. The protein and mRNA expressions of OTR, OT and c-fos were significantly higher in the scented gland in the breeding season than in the non-breeding season. Importantly, the levels of OT in scented glands and serum were measured by hormone assays, and their concentrations were both significantly higher in the breeding season than in the non-breeding season. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis showed that the predicted targets of the differentially expressed microRNAs might include the genes encoding OTR, ERK1/2 and c-fos. These findings suggested that OT may regulate the function of muskrat scented glands by the locally expressed receptors.
Isomeric control of the mechanical properties of supramolecular filament hydrogels
Authors: Lin Yi-An , Kang Myungshim , Chen Wei-Chiang , Ou Yu-Chuan , Cheetham Andrew G. , Wu Pei-Hsun , Wirtz Denis , Loverde Sharon M. , Cui Honggang
Published: November 2017

Supramolecular filament hydrogels are an emerging class of biomaterials that hold great promise for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. The use of isomeric hydrocarbons in the peptide design enables fine-tuning of the mechanical properties of their supramolecular filament hydrogels without altering their network structures.
A novel PTP1B inhibitor extracted fromGanoderma lucidumameliorates insulin resistance by regulating IRS1-GLUT4 cascades in the insulin signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Zhou , Wu Fan , He Yanming , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Guangrong , Yang Hongjie , Zhou Ping
Published: November 2017

A schematic diagram showing the IRS1-GLUT4 insulin signaling pathway influenced by PTP1B and FYGL in L6 cells.
Synthesis of cinnamoyl and coumarin functionalized aliphatic polycarbonates
Authors: Chesterman Julian P. , Chen Fei , Brissenden Amanda J. , Amsden Brian G.
Published: November 2017

With the objective of generating photo-responsive polymers, carbonate monomers with pendant cinnamoyl or coumarin moieties, which are capable of photo-reversible dimerization, were synthesized.
Organocopper triggered cyclization of conjugated dienynesviatandem SN2′/Alder-ene reaction
Authors: Arif Tanzeel , Borie Cyril , Jean Marion , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Bertrand Michèle P. , Siri Didier , Nechab Malek
Published: November 2017

Propargylic carbonates were converted to indenes through a SN2′/Alder-ene cascade triggered by organocopper reagents.
Efficient nanomaterials for harvesting clean fuels from electrochemical and photoelectrochemical CO2reduction
Authors: Yang Yang , Ajmal Saira , Zheng Xiuzhen , Zhang Liwu
Published: November 2017

Recent developments in the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2to chemical fuels are reviewed.
Reduced expression of cardiac ryanodine receptor protects against stress-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmia, but increases the susceptibility to cardiac alternans
Authors: Zhong Xiaowei , Vallmitjana Alexander , Sun Bo , Xiao Zhichao , Guo Wenting , Wei Jinhong , Ni Mingke , Chen Yongxiang , O'Brien Edward R. , Gillis Anne M. , Hoshijima Masahiko , Takeshima Hiroshi , Hove-Madsen Leif , Benitez Raul , Belke Darrell , Wayne Chen S.R.
Published: November 2017

Reduced protein expression of the cardiac ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) is thought to affect the susceptibility to stress-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) and cardiac alternans, but direct evidence for the role of RyR2 protein expression in VT and cardiac alternans is lacking. Here, we used a mouse model (crrm1) that expresses a reduced level of the RyR2 protein to determine the impact of reduced RyR2 protein expression on the susceptibility to VT, cardiac alternans, cardiac hypertrophy, and sudden death. Electrocardiographic analysis revealed that after the injection of relatively high doses of caffeine and epinephrine (agents commonly used for stress test), wild-type (WT) mice displayed long-lasting VTs, whereas the crrm1 mutant mice exhibited no VTs at all, indicating that the crrm1 mutant mice are resistant to stress-induced VTs. Intact heart Ca2+ imaging and action potential (AP) recordings showed that the crrm1 mutant mice are more susceptible to fast-pacing induced Ca2+ alternans and AP duration alternans compared with WT mice. The crrm1 mutant mice also showed an increased heart-to-body-weight ratio and incidence of sudden death at young ages. Furthermore, the crrm1 mutant hearts displayed altered Ca2+ transients with increased time-to-peak and decay time (T50), increased ventricular wall thickness and ventricular cell area compared with WT hearts. These results indicate that reduced RyR2 protein expression suppresses stress-induced VTs, but enhances the susceptibility to cardiac alternans, hypertrophy, and sudden death.
Modified modulation strategy of MMC for wind farm integration
Authors: Tiezhu Wang , Lei Wan , Junxian Hou , Yifeng Dong , Yi Wang , Shanshan Wang
Published: November 2017

Voltage source converter‐high‐voltage DC (VSC‐HVDC) technology is considered an advantageous solution to be applied to large‐scale wind power integration. VSC‐HVDC are mostly based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC), which generally adopt nearest level modulation (NLM) strategy. If the MMC adopts traditional NLM strategy, then when a disturbance or fault occurs in the system, so that the dc voltage fluctuates, the output ac voltage of MMC will have poor stability, and that is unable to meet the demand for wind farm integration. This study analyses the reason of above defects of traditional NLM strategy, and proposes an improved modulation strategy. The improved strategy considers the actual value of the capacitor voltage, so that the output ac voltage of MMC has good stability. By building an electromagnetic transient model in PSCAD/EMTDC and doing simulation analysis, this study verifies that the improved modulation strategy can effectively enhance the ac voltage stability of converter station which has wind farm integrated, so as to enhance the operational stability and security both of the VSC‐HVDC system and wind farm.
On the fragmentation of filaments in a molecular cloud simulation
Authors: Chira R.-A. , Kainulainen J. , Ibáñez-Mejía J. C. , Henning Th. , Mac Low M.-M.
Published: November 2017

Context. The fragmentation of filaments in molecular clouds has attracted a lot of attention recently as there seems to be a close relation between the evolution of filaments and star formation. The study of the fragmentation process has been motivated by simple analytical models. However, only a few comprehensive studies have analysed the evolution of filaments using numerical simulations where the filaments form self-consistently as part of large-scale molecular cloud evolution.

Aim. We address the early evolution of parsec-scale filaments that form within individual clouds. In particular, we focus on three questions: How do the line masses of filaments evolve? How and when do the filaments fragment? How does the fragmentation relate to the line masses of the filaments?

Methods. We examine three simulated molecular clouds formed in kiloparsec-scale numerical simulations performed with the FLASH adaptive mesh refinement magnetohydrodynamic code. The simulations model a self-gravitating, magnetised, stratified, supernova-driven interstellar medium, including photoelectric heating and radiative cooling. We follow the evolution of the clouds for 6 Myr from the time self-gravity starts to act. We identify filaments using the DisPerSe algorithm, and compare the results to other filament-finding algorithms. We determine the properties of the identified filaments and compare them with the predictions of analytic filament stability models.

Results. The average line masses of the identified filaments, as well as the fraction of mass in filamentary structures, increases fairly continuously after the onset of self-gravity. The filaments show fragmentation starting relatively early: the first fragments appear when the line masses lie well below the critical line mass of Ostriker’s isolated hydrostatic equilibrium solution (~16 M⊙ pc−1), commonly used as a fragmentation criterion. The average line masses of filaments identified in three-dimensional volume density cubes increases far more quickly than those identified in two-dimensional column density maps.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that hydrostatic or dynamic compression from the surrounding cloud has a significant impact on the early dynamical evolution of filaments. A simple model of an isolated, isothermal cylinder may not provide a good approach for fragmentation analysis. Caution must be exercised in interpreting distributions of properties of filaments identified in column density maps, especially in the case of low-mass filaments. Comparing or combining results from studies that use different filament finding techniques is strongly discouraged.
Near-infrared spectroscopic observations of massive young stellar object candidates in the central molecular zone
Authors: Nandakumar G. , Schultheis M. , Feldmeier-Krause A. , Schödel R. , Neumayer N. , Matteucci F. , Ryde N. , Rojas-Arriagada A. , Tej A.
Published: November 2017

Context. The central molecular zone (CMZ) is a ~200 pc region around the Galactic centre. The study of star formation in the central part of the Milky Way is of great interest as it provides a template for the closest galactic nuclei.

Aims. We present a spectroscopic follow-up of photometrically selected young stellar object (YSO) candidates in the CMZ of the Galactic centre. Our goal is to quantify the contamination of this YSO sample by reddened giant stars with circumstellar envelopes and to determine the star formation rate (SFR) in the CMZ.

Methods. We obtained KMOS low-resolution near-infrared spectra (R ~ 4000) between 2.0 and 2.5 μm of sources, many of which have been previously identified by mid-infrared photometric criteria as massive YSOs in the Galactic centre. Our final sample consists of 91 stars with good signal-to-noise ratio. We separated YSOs from cool late-type stars based on spectral features of CO and Brγ at 2.3 μm and 2.16 μm, respectively. We made use of spectral energy distribution (SED) model fits to the observed photometric data points from 1.25 to 24 μm to estimate approximate masses for the YSOs.

Results. Using the spectroscopically identified YSOs in our sample, we confirm that existing colour–colour diagrams and colour-magnitude diagrams are unable to efficiently separate YSOs and cool late-type stars. In addition, we define a new colour–colour criterion that separates YSOs from cool late-type stars in the H−KS vs. H −[8.0] diagram. We use this new criterion to identify YSO candidates in the |l| < 1.̊5, |b| < 0.̊5, region and use model SED fits to estimate their approximate masses. By assuming an appropriate initial mass function (IMF) and extrapolating the stellar IMF down to lower masses, we determine a SFR of ~0.046 ± 0.026 M⊙ yr-1 assuming an average age of 0.75 ± 0.25 Myr for the YSOs. This value is lower than estimates found using the YSO counting method in the literature.

Conclusions. Our SFR estimate in the CMZ agrees with the previous estimates from various methods and reaffirms that star formation in the CMZ is proceeding at a lower rate than predicted by various star forming models.
Synthesis of Dipeptides by Boronic Acid Catalysis
Authors: Tsuji Hiroaki , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: November 2017

We have found that a boronic acid catalyzed amidation of an N-hydroxy amino acid methyl ester with amino acid tert-butyl esters gave N-hydroxy dipeptide derivatives in good yields without any racemization. The protecting groups on the nitrogen atom could be easily removed by heterogeneous hydrogenation conditions.
Latest Generation of Balloon-Expandable Valve, the Edwards Sapien 3 Valve: Less Paravalvular Regurgitation but Higher Transvalvular Pressure Gradients
Authors: Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Kuhn Elmar W. , Sabashnikov Anton , Weber Carolyn , Rahmanian Parwis Baradaran , Siedek Florian , Mauri Victor , Rudolph Tanja , Baldus Stephan , Madershahian Navid , Wahlers Thorsten C.
Published: November 2017

Background The latest generation of balloon-expandable valve, the Edwards Sapien 3 valve (S3V), was designed to reduce paravalvular regurgitation (PVR). We retrospectively compared S3V with Edwards Sapien XT valve (SXTV) with regard to postprocedural transvalvular pressure gradients (PGs).

Methods Analysis of 152 patients receiving SXTV and 125 patients receiving S3V between February 2009 and April 2015 was performed. Transvalvular PGs and the incidence and extent of aortic regurgitation (AR) were compared postprocedurally by echocardiography for each valve size.

Results Postprocedurally, mean PGs for the 23 mm valves were 10.9 ± 5.3 versus 13.9 ± 5.1 (p = 0.017), whereas maximum PGs were 19.9 ± 8.3 versus 26.1 ± 10.4 mm Hg (p = 0.005) in SXTV and S3V patients, respectively. For the 26 mm valves, gradients were also significantly higher in S3V patients (mean PG: 11.6 ± 4.9 vs. 9.2 ± 4.2 [p = 0.004]; maximum PG: 23.0 ± 10.1 vs. 17.2 ± 7.4 mm Hg [p < 0.001]). Analysis revealed no significant differences in postprocedural transvalvular PGs for 29 mm valves (mean PG of 9.3 ± 3.9 and 11.2 ± 4.3 mm Hg [p = ns] and maximum PG of 17.5 ± 7.2 vs. 20.9 ± 6.8 mm Hg [p = ns]) between SXTV and S3V groups, respectively. With respect to PVR, the incidence of AR was significantly lower in S3V group (p = 0.001).

Conclusion S3V shows lower incidence of PVR; however, it is associated with significantly higher postprocedural transvalvular PGs for 23 and 26 mm valve sizes. These data might contribute to the scientific discussion, especially with respect to prosthesis selection in individual patients with small annular dimension.
Gesundheitssport als Chance – Raus aus dem Verordnungsdilemma
Authors: Kunert Christian
Published: November 2017

Arbeiten im 20-Minuten-Takt für wenig Geld – das macht viele Physiotherapeuten unzufrieden. Gesundheitssport und Medical Fitness bieten zeitlich und finanziell mehr Freiräume als die Verordnungen der gesetzlich Versicherten. Christian Kunert beschreibt, worauf es ankommt, um im Gesundheitsmarkt erfolgreich zu sein.
Blick in die Niederlande – Physiotherapeutische Beratung als Kassenleistung
Authors: Sauer Kristin
Published: November 2017

Was in den Niederlanden längst Alltag ist, ist in Deutschland noch undenkbar: physiotherapeutische Beratung als Kassenleistung. Am Beispiel der niederländischen Leitlinie Kreuzschmerz wird deutlich, welche wichtige Rolle Physiotherapeuten dort spielen.
Neuroplastizität – Das Gehirn lernt immer
Authors: Janssen Christina
Published: November 2017

Auch wenn ein Schlaganfall bereits mehrere Jahre zurückliegt, sind dank der Neuroplastizität kognitive und motorische Verbesserungen möglich. Erklären Sie Ihren Patienten die Zusammenhänge auf verständliche Art und Weise und ermöglichen Sie ihnen, Eigenverantwortung für ihren Genesungsprozess zu übernehmen.
Maier-Kolumne – Codes
Authors: Maier Ulrike
Published: November 2017

Der Physiotherapeut spricht viele Sprachen. Vor allem die Sprachencodes der verschiedenen Lebensumstände erfordern viel Transfervermögen. Auch wenn ein Vergleich hinkt, hilft er doch, sich besser zu verständigen.
Diagnostik der Fettleber
Authors: Kukuk Guido , Sprinkart Alois , Träber Frank
Published: November 2017

Die verschiedenen Ausprägungen der Fettleber gehören in den Industrienationen zu den häufigsten Ursachen für chronische Lebererkrankungen. Da eine Leberverfettung prinzipiell reversibel ist, kann eine frühe Diagnose die Voraussetzung dafür schaffen, dass therapeutische Maßnahmen rechtzeitig eingeleitet werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die wesentlichen diagnostischen Methoden und die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Verfahren.
Neue Kommunikationsformen
Authors: Ziese Thomas , Moebus Susanne
Published: November 2017

Gute Kommunikation ist ein essentielles Merkmal von Public Health. Die bisherigen Kommunikationswege von Sender zu Empfänger werden in allen Lebensbereichen zunehmend durch neue Kommunikationsformen wie Social Media ergänzt oder sogar ersetzt. Public Health muss diese Veränderungen auf-nehmen, um seine Anliegen und Ergebnisse unterschiedlichen Nutzergruppen zugänglich zu machen. 1. Viele Gruppen der Bevölkerung (z. B. Migranten, sozial benachteiligte) werden in der Kommunikation schwer erreicht. Unterschiedliche Adressaten brauchen unterschiedliche Kommunikationsformen, dazu zählen auch soziale Medien. Entsprechende Zugangswege müssen identifiziert und für die Kommunikation genutzt werden. 2. Es müssen Strategien entwickelt werden, wie Public-Health-Informationen in sozialen Medien effektiv kommuniziert werden können. Sie müssen fachlich fundiert, verlässlich und qualitätsgesichert sein, die regelmäßige Aktualisierung gesichert werden. 3. Partizipation und Dialog sind wichtige Elemente einer effektiven Public-Health-Kommunikation.
Public-Health-Forschung in Deutschland: Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Kurth Tobias
Published: November 2017

Durch seine vielfältigen, multi- und interdisziplinären Ansätze bietet die Public-Health-Forschung ein hervorragendes Gerüst, um sich federführend in viele Facetten der Bevölkerungsgesundheit einzubringen. Vor allem die methodische Expertise und Praxisorientierung sollten in Zukunft verstärkt genutzt werden, um den Bogen moderner Konzepte der Translation nicht nur bis zum Krankenbett, sondern bis zur Bevölkerungsebene zu spannen. Neue Methoden der Datenerfassung und die Entwicklung von Konzepten zu präziseren Interventionen erfordern innovative Ansätze, die gerade auch durch die methodische Expertise der Public-Health-Forschung geliefert werden können. Durch den Einsatz des methodischen Innovationspotenzials der Public-Health-Forschung wird es gelingen die Bevölkerungsgesundheit unter Inklusion aller Bevölkerungsgruppen langfristig und nachhaltig positiv zu beeinflussen.
The rise of the quasi-public space and its consequences for cities and culture
Authors: Pratt Andy
Published: November 2017

This article argues that whilst appearing new, quasi-public spaces have emerged from a process of investment restructuring over the last 50 years. The profound change that is set in motion is a loss of control of public space and its cultural uses in cities. The tensions set up in this transformation are illustrated by the cultural fortunes of the largest such space in London, Granary Square; and, that of the City of London that has little, if any, public space.
Semi-supervised network inference using simulated gene expression dynamics
Authors: Nguyen Phan , Braun Rosemary
Published: November 2017

Motivation

Inferring the structure of gene regulatory networks from high-throughput datasets remains an important and unsolved problem. Current methods are hampered by problems such as noise, low sample size, and incomplete characterizations of regulatory dynamics, leading to networks with missing and anomalous links. Integration of prior network information (e.g. from pathway databases) has the potential to improve reconstructions.

Results

We developed a semi-supervised network reconstruction algorithm that enables the synthesis of information from partially known networks with time course gene expression data. We adapted partial least square-variable importance in projection (VIP) for time course data and used reference networks to simulate expression data from which null distributions of VIP scores are generated and used to estimate edge probabilities for input expression data. By using simulated dynamics to generate reference distributions, this approach incorporates previously known regulatory relationships and links the network to the dynamics to form a semi-supervised approach that discovers novel and anomalous connections. We applied this approach to data from a sleep deprivation study with KEGG pathways treated as prior networks, as well as to synthetic data from several DREAM challenges, and find that it is able to recover many of the true edges and identify errors in these networks, suggesting its ability to derive posterior networks that accurately reflect gene expression dynamics.

Availability and implementation

R code is available at https://github.com/pn51/postPLSR.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A review of Danish integrated multi-energy system flexibility options for high wind power penetration
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Zong Yi , You Shi , Træholt Chresten
Published: November 2017

The current status of wind power and the energy infrastructure in Denmark is reviewed in this paper. The reasons for why Denmark is a world leader in wind power are outlined. The Danish government is aiming to achieve 100% renewable energy generation by 2050. A major challenge is balancing load and generation. In addition, the current and future solutions of enhancing wind power penetration through optimal use of cross-energy sector flexibility, so-called indirect electric energy storage options, are investigated. A conclusion is drawn with a summary of experiences and lessons learned in Denmark related to wind power development.
On the impossibility of central bank independence: four decades of time- (and intellectual) inconsistency
Authors: Hartwell Christopher A
Published: November 2017

The intellectual justification for modern central banking, time-inconsistency, celebrated its fortieth anniversary in 2017 alongside the Cambridge Journal of Economics. However, the key progeny of the time-inconsistency literature, central bank independence, has fundamental flaws that have been thus far neglected in mainstream research. In the first instance, the argument for independence relies on a utilitarian rather than institutional analysis, one that neglects the genesis of central banks and their relation to other institutions within a country. Second, central bank independence neglects the complex interdependencies of the global monetary and financial system. Applying an institutional lens to the concept of central bank independence, I conclude that ‘independence’ fails under the reality of globalization as much as it does in a domestic context. With central banks reliant on all manner of political institutions, they are never really independent operationally or in terms of policy.
SILVERRUSH. III. Deep optical and near-infrared spectroscopy for Lyα and UV-nebular lines of bright Lyα emitters at z = 6–7
Authors: Shibuya Takatoshi , Ouchi Masami , Harikane Yuichi , Rauch Michael , Ono Yoshiaki , Mukae Shiro , Higuchi Ryo , Kojima Takashi , Yuma Suraphong , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Furusawa Hisanori , Konno Akira , Martin Crystal L , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Kobayashi Masakazu A R , Kajisawa Masaru , Nagao Tohru , Goto Tomotsugu , Kashikawa Nobunari , Komiyama Yutaka , Kusakabe Haruka , Momose Rieko , Nakajima Kimihiko , Tanaka Masayuki , Wang Shiang-Yu
Published: November 2017

We present Lyα and UV-nebular emission line properties of bright Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 6–7 with a luminosity of log LLyα/[erg s−1] = 43–44 identified in the 21 deg2 area of the SILVERRUSH early sample developed with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey data. Our optical spectroscopy newly confirms 21 bright LAEs with clear Lyα emission, and contributes to making a spectroscopic sample of 96 LAEs at z = 6–7 in SILVERRUSH. From the spectroscopic sample, we select seven remarkable LAEs as bright as Himiko and CR7 objects, and perform deep Keck/MOSFIRE and Subaru/nuMOIRCS near-infrared spectroscopy reaching the 3 σ flux limit of ∼2 × 10−18 erg s−1 for the UV-nebular emission lines of He ii λ1640, C iv λλ1548,1550, and O iii]λλ1661,1666. Except for one tentative detection of C iv, we find no strong UV-nebular lines down to the flux limit, placing the upper limits of the rest-frame equivalent widths (EW0) of ∼2–4 Å for C iv, He ii, and O iii] lines. We also investigate the VLT/X-SHOOTER spectrum of CR7 whose 6 σ detection of He ii is claimed by Sobral et al. Although two individuals and the ESO archive service carefully reanalyzed the X-SHOOTER data that are used in the study of Sobral et al., no He ii signal of CR7 is detected, supportive of weak UV-nebular lines of the bright LAEs even for CR7. The spectral properties of these bright LAEs are thus clearly different from those of faint dropouts at z ∼ 7 that have strong UV-nebular lines shown in the various studies. Comparing these bright LAEs and the faint dropouts, we find anti-correlations between the UV-nebular line EW0 and the UV-continuum luminosity, which are similar to those found at z ∼ 2–3.
Sensitivity to Pain Expectations: A Bayesian Model of Individual Differences
Authors: Hoskin R. , Berzuini C. , Acosta-Kane D. , El-Deredy W. , Guo H. , Talmi D.
Published: November 2017

The thoughts and feelings people have about pain (referred to as ‘pain expectations’) are known to alter the perception of pain. However little is known about the cognitive processes that underpin pain expectations, or what drives the differing effect that pain expectations have between individuals. This paper details the testing of a model of pain perception which formalises the response to pain in terms of a Bayesian prior-to-posterior updating process. Using data acquired from a short and deception-free predictive cue task, it was found that this Bayesian model predicted ratings of pain better than other, simpler models. At the group level, the results confirmed two core predictions of predictive coding; that expectation alters perception and that increased uncertainty in the expectation reduces its impact on perception. The addition to the model of parameters relating to trait differences in pain expectation, improved its fit, suggesting that such traits play a significant role in perception beyond those expectations triggered by the pain cue. When model parameters were allowed to vary by participant, the model’s fit improved further. This final model produced a characterisation of each individual’s sensitivity to pain expectations. This model is relevant for the understanding of the cognitive basis of pain expectations and could potentially act as a useful tool for guiding patient stratification and clinical experimentation.
An interlaboratory study of complex variant detection
Authors: Lincoln Stephen E , Zook Justin M , Chowdhury Shimul , Mahamdallie Shazia , Fellowes Andrew , Klee Eric W , Truty Rebecca , Huang Catherine , Tomson Farol L , Cleveland Megan H , Vallone Peter M , Ding Yan , Seal Sheila , DeSilva Wasanthi , Garlick Russell K , Salit Marc , Rahman Nazneen , Kingsmore Stephen F , Aradhya Swaroop , Nussbaum Robert L , Ferber Matthew J , Shirts Brian H
Published: November 2017

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is widely used and cost-effective. Depending on the specific methods, NGS can have limitations detecting certain technically challenging variant types even though they are both prevalent in patients and medically important. These types are underrepresented in validation studies, hindering the uniform assessment of test methodologies by laboratory directors and clinicians. Specimens containing such variants can be difficult to obtain; thus, we evaluated a novel solution to this problem in which a diverse set of technically challenging variants was synthesized and introduced into a known genomic background. This specimen was sequenced by 7 laboratories using 10 different NGS workflows. The specimen was compatible with all 10 workflows and presented biochemical and bioinformatic challenges similar to those of patient specimens. Only 10 of 22 challenging variants were correctly identified by all 10 workflows, and only 3 workflows detected all 22. Many, but not all, of the sensitivity limitations were bioinformatic in nature. We conclude that Synthetic controls can provide an efficient and informative mechanism to augment studies with technically challenging variants that are difficult to obtain otherwise. Data from such specimens can facilitate inter-laboratory methodologic comparisons and can help establish standards that improve communication between clinicians and laboratories.
CaDrA: A computational framework for performing candidate driver analyses using binary genomic features
Authors: Kartha Vinay K. , Kern Joseph G. , Sebastiani Paola , Zhang Liye , Varelas Xaralabos , Monti Stefano
Published: November 2017

Identifying complementary genetic drivers of a given phenotypic outcome is a challenging task that is important to gaining new biological insight and discovering targets for disease therapy. Existing methods aimed at achieving this task lack analytical flexibility. We developed Candidate Driver Analysis or CaDrA, a framework to identify functionally-relevant subsets of binary genomic features that, together, are associated with a specific outcome of interest. We evaluate CaDrA’s sensitivity and specificity for typically-sized multi-omic datasets, and demonstrate CaDrA’s ability to identify both known and novel drivers of oncogenic activity in cancer cell lines and primary tumors.
Detecting past and ongoing natural selection among ethnically Tibetan women at high altitude in Nepal
Authors: Jeong Choongwon , Witonsky David B. , Basnyat Buddha , Neupane Maniraj , Beall Cynthia M. , Childs Geoff , Craig Sienna R. , Novembre John , Di Rienzo Anna
Published: November 2017

Adaptive evolution in humans has rarely been characterized for its whole set of components, i.e. selective pressure, adaptive phenotype, beneficial alleles and realized fitness differential. We combined approaches for detecting selective sweeps and polygenic adaptations and for mapping the genetic bases of physiological and fertility phenotypes in approximately 1000 indigenous ethnically Tibetan women from Nepal, adapted to high altitude. We performed genome-wide association analysis and tests for polygenic adaptations which showed evidence of positive selection for alleles associated with more pregnancies and live births and evidence of negative selection for those associated with higher offspring mortality. Lower hemoglobin level did not show clear evidence for polygenic adaptation, despite its strong association with an EPAS1 haplotype carrying selective sweep signals.