bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Risk of Transfusion After Reversal of Residual Neuromuscular Block With Sugammadex Versus Neostigmine: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Schmidt Marc T. , Paredes Stephania , Rössler Julian , Mukhia Rupashi , Pu Xuan , Mao Guangmei , Turan Alparslan , Ruetzler Kurt
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Sugammadex and neostigmine are routinely used to reverse residual neuromuscular blocks at the end of surgery. Sugammadex has been linked with prolongation of laboratory coagulation markers, but clinical relevance on postoperative blood loss and transfusions remains unclear.

METHODS:

In this retrospective, single-center, cohort study, we analyzed medical records of adult patients having noncardiac surgery who were given sugammadex or neostigmine from May 2016 to December 2020. Our primary outcome was the incidence of any postoperative transfusion of red blood cells, and/or fresh-frozen plasma, and/or platelets. Secondary outcomes were duration of hospitalization, need for resurgery, and postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission. After propensity score weighting, the odds ratio (OR) for postoperative transfusion was assessed in both groups (sugammadex versus neostigmine) using a generalized estimation equation to count within-subject correlation weighted by the inverse propensity score.

RESULTS:

Out of 39,325 eligible surgeries, 33,903 surgeries in 29,062 patients were included in the analysis; with 4581 patients receiving sugammadex and 29,322 patients receiving neostigmine. The raw incidence of postoperative transfusion was 7.40% in sugammadex and 7.45% in the neostigmine group. After weighting by propensity score, the incidence of postoperative transfusion was 8.01% in the sugammadex and 7.38% in the neostigmine group (OR, 1.11 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97–1.26; P = .118]). There was no difference in duration of hospitalization and need for resurgery, but odds of postoperative ICU admission were significantly higher for patients receiving sugammadex than those receiving neostigmine (OR, 1.33 [98.33% CI, 1.17–1.52; P < .0001]). Our a priori planned analysis of coagulation laboratory parameters could not be completed because of a high amount of missing laboratory data.

CONCLUSIONS:

There is no statistically significant nor clinically important difference in the risk of postoperative transfusion in patients receiving sugammadex or neostigmine.
Risk Factors and Management of Incisional Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage After Craniotomy: A Retrospective International Multicenter Study
Authors: Kinaci Ahmet , Slot Emma M. H. , Kollen Mare , Germans Menno R. , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Carlson Andrew P. , Majeed Kashif , Depauw Paul R. A. M. , Robe Pierre A. , Regli Luca , Charbel Fady T. , van Doormaal Tristan P. C.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Incisional cerebrospinal fluid (iCSF) leakage is a serious complication after intradural cranial surgery.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the incidence and risk factors of iCSF leakage after craniotomy. Secondarily, the complications after iCSF leakage and the success rate of iCSF leakage treatment was studied.

METHODS:

All patients who underwent an intradural cranial surgery from 2017 to 2018 at 5 neurosurgical centers were retrospectively included. Data were retrieved from medical records with 2 months of follow-up. First, univariate regression analyses were performed. Subsequently, identified risk factors were evaluated in a multivariate regression analysis.

RESULTS:

In total 2310 consecutive patients were included. Total iCSF leakage rate was 7.1% (n = 165). Younger age, male, higher body mass index, smoking, infratentorial surgery, and use of a dural substitute were associated with increased iCSF leakage risk, and use of a sealant reduced that risk. The odds for developing a wound infection and/or meningitis were 15 times higher in patients with iCSF leakage compared with patients without leakage. Initial conservative iCSF leakage treatment failed in 48% of patients. In 80% of cases, external cerebrospinal fluid drainage ceased the iCSF leakage. A total of 32% of patients with iCSF leakage required wound revision surgery.

CONCLUSION:

iCSF leakage risk increases by younger age, higher body mass index, smoking, infratentorial craniotomy, and dural substitute use, whereas sealant use reduced the risk for iCSF leakage. The leak increases the risk of postoperative infections. When iCSF leakage occurs, immediate external cerebrospinal fluid drainage or wound revision should be considered.
Development of the dictyostelid Polysphondylium violaceum does not require secreted cAMP
Authors: Kawabe Yoshinori , Schaap Pauline
Published: January 2023

Group 4 Dictyostelia, like Dictyostelium discoideum, self-organize into aggregates and fruiting bodies using propagating waves of the chemoattractant cAMP, which are produced by a network containing the adenylate cyclase AcaA, cAMP receptors (Cars) and the extracellular cAMP phosphodiesterase PdsA. Additionally, AcaA and the adenylate cyclases AcrA and AcgA produce secreted cAMP for induction of aggregative and prespore gene expression and intracellular cAMP for PKA activation, with PKA triggering initiation of development and spore and stalk maturation. Non-group 4 species also use secreted cAMP to coordinate post-aggregative morphogenesis and prespore induction but use other attractants to aggregate. To understand how cAMP's role in aggregation evolved, we deleted the acaA, carA and pdsA genes of Polysphondylium violaceum, a sister species to group 4. acaAˉ fruiting bodies had thinner stalks but otherwise developed normally. Deletion of acrA, which was similarly expressed as acaA, reduced aggregation centre initiation and, as also occurred after D. discoideum acrA deletion, caused spore instability. Double acaAˉacrAˉ mutants failed to form stable aggregates, a defect that was overcome by exposure to the PKA agonist 8Br-cAMP, and therefore likely due to reduced intracellular cAMP. The carAˉ and pdsAˉ mutants showed normal aggregation and fruiting body development. Together, the data showed that P. violaceum development does not critically require secreted cAMP, while roles of intracellular cAMP in initiation of development and spore maturation are conserved. Apparently, cell-cell communication underwent major taxon-group specific innovation in Dictyostelia.
De novo PAM generation to reach initially inaccessible target sites for base editing
Authors: Pakari Kaisa , Wittbrodt Joachim , Thumberger Thomas
Published: January 2023

Base editing by CRISPR crucially depends on the presence of a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) at the correct distance from the editing site. Here, we present and validate an efficient one-shot approach termed ‘inception’ that expands the editing range. This is achieved by sequential, combinatorial base editing: de novo generated synonymous, non-synonymous or intronic PAM sites facilitate subsequent base editing at nucleotide positions that were initially inaccessible, further opening the targeting range of highly precise editing approaches. We demonstrate the applicability of the inception concept in medaka (Oryzias latipes) in three settings: loss of function, by introducing a pre-termination STOP codon in the open reading frame of oca2; locally confined multi-codon changes to generate allelic variants with different phenotypic severity in kcnh6a; and the removal of a splice acceptor site by targeting intronic sequences of rx3. Using sequentially acting base editors in the described combinatorial approach expands the number of accessible target sites by 65% on average. This allows the use of well-established tools with NGG PAM recognition for the establishment of thus far unreachable disease models, for hypomorphic allele studies and for efficient targeted mechanistic investigations in a precise and predictable manner.
Detection of the separated root canal instrument on panoramic radiograph: a comparison of LSTM and CNN deep learning methods
Authors: Buyuk Cansu , Arican Alpay Burcin , Er Fusun
Published: January 2023

Objectives:

A separated endodontic instrument is one of the challenging complications of root canal treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare two deep learning methods that are convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to detect the separated endodontic instruments on dental radiographs.

Methods:

Panoramic radiographs from the hospital archive were retrospectively evaluated by two dentists. A total of 915 teeth, of which 417 are labeled as “separated instrument” and 498 are labeled as “healthy root canal treatment” were included. A total of six deep learning models, four of which are some varieties of CNN (Raw-CNN, Augmented-CNN, Gabor filtered-CNN, Gabor-filtered-augmented-CNN) and two of which are some varieties of LSTM model (Raw-LSTM, Augmented-LSTM) were trained based on several feature extraction methods with an applied or not applied an augmentation procedure. The diagnostic performances of the models were compared in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive- and negative-predictive value using 10-fold cross-validation. A McNemar’s tests was employed to figure out if there is a statistically significant difference between performances of the models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were developed to assess the quality of the performance of the most promising model (Gabor filtered-CNN model) by exploring different cut-off levels in the last decision layer of the model.

Results:

The Gabor filtered-CNN model showed the highest accuracy (84.37 ± 2.79), sensitivity (81.26 ± 4.79), positive-predictive value (84.16 ± 3.35) and negative-predictive value (84.62 ± 4.56 with a confidence interval of 80.6 ± 0.0076. McNemar’s tests yielded that the performance of the Gabor filtered-CNN model significantly different from both LSTM models (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:

Both CNN and LSTM models were achieved a high predictive performance on to distinguish separated endodontic instruments in radiographs. The Gabor filtered-CNN model without data augmentation gave the best predictive performance.
Expansion of the invasive Balkan slug Tandonia kusceri (Stylommatophora: Milacidae): A new frontier in northern Ukraine and other new records
Authors: Balashov Igor , Markova Anna
Published: January 2023

The distribution of the invasive slug Tandonia kusceri is reviewed and mapped with our new findings and previously unpublished recent reports based on photographs from citizen science databases (iNaturalist, UkrBIN). Two new colonies of T. kusceri were found and monitored in Kyiv city (Northern Ukraine) during the 2021–2022. These colonies are about 350 km north from the nearest previously published records of this species, as well as any other species of Milacidae in Eastern Europe. The slugs inhabit the urban open and semi-open landscapes of Kyiv city together with several other invasive molluscs, in one locality notably together with Oxychilus translucidus, Harmozica ravergiensis and Xerolenta obvia. One specimen of T. kusceri was found in a basement of a private estate in Radyvyliv town (Rivne region, Northern Ukraine) in 2020, but it is unknown whether it represents an established colony. Previously unpublished reports of T. kusceri on iNaturalist include two reliable findings from the Caucasian region, in Georgia and Russia, both in 2021. These are the first reports of any Tandonia in Caucasus, as well as in the mentioned countries, with one in Georgia being the eastmost frontier for this genus. In addition to a previously published 2013 report of T. kusceri near Chicago, USA, there are multiple iNaturalist reports of this slug in southern Ontario, Canada (600 km east of Chicago), starting from 2017. Moreover, there are several new reports of T. kusceri in Ukraine, including Kherson, Dnipro, Kryvyi Rig, Marhanets and Kamianets-Podilskyi cities. Considering that most of our new T. kusceri records are from the 2020s, it is most likely that slug has invaded these regions very recently and is still continuing to expand northward and eastward in Europe. This species is expected to further extend its range both in Europe and North America.
Infant mortality: the complexity of it all!
Authors: Bourbou Chryssa
Published: January 2023

Παιδική θνησιμότητα: Μια πολύπλοκη υπόθεση. Η αρχαιολογική και ανθρωπολογική έρευνα μέχρι σήμερα δεν έχει στρέψει το ενδιαφέρον της στη μελέτη των παιδικών ταφών. Παρόλα ταύτα, οι ταφές των ανήλικων ατόμων μπορούν να προσφέρουν πολύτιμες πληροφορίες για τη σύνθεση της εικόνας των παλαιοτέρων κοινωνιών, καθώς τόσο το ποσοστό της παιδικής θνησιμότητας σε κάθε πληθυσμό όσο και οι διάφορες ασθένειες αποτελούν σημαντικές μαρτυρίες για το βιοτικό του επίπεδο. Τα παιδιά, πέρα από τη βιολογική τους υπόσταση προσδιορίζονται και μέσα από το πολιτιστικό πλαίσιο που ορίζει ο κάθε κοινωνικός ιστός. Έτσι, η συμπεριφορά των ενηλίκων απέναντι στα παιδιά είναι διαφορετική, ακόμα και στις περιπτώσεις του θανάτου ή της ταφής τους. Το θέμα της παιδοκτονίας (μέσα στους κόλπους της οικογένειας ή ως θυσία–προσφορά στους θεούς) έχει απασχολήσει περισσότερο τους ερευνητές, ιδιαίτερα στην προσπάθειά τους να αναγνωρίσουν τέτοιες περιπτώσεις από τα αρχαιολογικά και ανθρωπολογικά κατάλοιπα. Στην εργασία αυτή, παράλληλα με το θέμα της ταφονομίας (παράγοντες διατήρησης ή μη των παιδικών οστών) και της παιδοκτονίας στην αρχαιότητα, επικεντρώνουμε το ενδιαφέρον μας στην παιδική θνησιμότητα σε θέσεις της πρωτοβυζαντινής περιόδου (Ελεύθερνα, Γόρτυνα, Κνωσός, Κόρινθος, Μεσσήνη, Αλική). Η πρωτοβυζαντινή περίοδος παρουσιάζει ξεχωριστό ενδιαφέρον καθώς αποτελεί μία αρκετά «ταραγμένη» περίοδο της ύστερης αρχαιότητας για την οποία ελάχιστα μας είναι γνωστά. Η μελέτη των παιδικών ταφών από τις παραπάνω θέσεις μας έδωσε πολύτιμα στοιχεία για τα ποσοστά της παιδικής θνησιμότητας (υψηλότερα μετά τη γέννηση σε κάποιες θέσεις) αλλά και διάφορες μεταβολικές κυρίως ασθένειες (cribra orbitalia, Harris lines, έλλειψη βιταμίνης C).
Archaeomusicology and Ethnomusicology in dialogue
Authors: Psaroudakes Stelios
Published: January 2023

Αρχαιομουσικολογία και Εθνομουσικολογία. Το συνέδριο στο οποίο παρουσιάστηκε η παρούσα εισήγηση, είχε θέμα του το «διάλογο» ανάμεσα στις επιστήμες αρχαιολογία και ανθρωπολογία. Στο παρόν άρθρο εξετάζεται ένα επί μέρους ζήτημα, το κατά πόσον η εθνομουσικολογία, επιστήμη βαθύτατα επηρεασμένη από την ανθρωπολογία τα τελευταία χρόνια, έχει με τη σειρά της επηρεάσει την έρευνα στο πεδίο της αρχαίας μουσικής, ιδιαίτερα σε εκείνο της ελληνικής. Το συμπέρασμα είναι ότι η εθνομουσικολογία όχι απλώς επηρέασε την αρχαιομουσικολογία, αλλά άλλαξε άρδην την οπτική των επιστημόνων στον τομέα αυτόν σε βαθμό που να μην θεωρείται πλέον δόκιμη η σπουδή ενός αρχαίος μουσικού πολιτισμού χωρίς την εφαρμογή της εθνομουσικολογικής μεθόδου.
Πρόθεση Διακοπής Καπνίσματος σε Έλληνες Αστυνομικούς. Ο ρόλος της Θεωρίας της Προσχεδιασμένης Συμπεριφοράς
Authors: Κουλιεράκης Γεώργιος , Μπακόλα Χριστίνα , Ζαγοριανάκου Έλενα
Published: January 2023

Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν να διερευνήσει την πρόθεση διακοπής καπνίσματος σε Έλληνες εν ενεργεία αστυνομικούς, μέσω της Θεωρίας της Προσχεδιασμένης Συμπεριφοράς. Συμμετείχαν 150 άτομα, ηλικίας 21-58 ετών. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τέσσερεις αυτοαναφορικές κλίμακες: (α) ερωτηματολόγιο δημογραφικών στοιχείων, (β) η κλίμακα Fagerström μέτρησης εξάρτησης από τη νικοτίνη, (γ) η κλίμακα MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status για τη μέτρηση του κοινωνικο-οικονομικού επιπέδου και (δ) κλίμακα της Θεωρίας της Προσχεδιασμένης Συμπεριφοράς. Βρέθηκε ότι 33,3% των αστυνομκών κάπνιζε περισσότερα από 20 χρόνια και 42% είχε αποπειραθεί να διακόψει το κάπνισμα δύο ή και περισσότερες φορές. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν μέτρια έως υψηλή εξάρτηση και αυτοαντίληψη εθισμού για την πλειοψηφία των αστυνομικών (72,6% και 68,7%, αντίστοιχα). Οι συσχετίσεις μεταξύ των παραγόντων της Θεωρίας της Προσχεδιασμένης Συμπεριφοράς, τόσο μεταξύ τους, όσο και με τις προσδοκίες αυτοαποτελεσματικότητας, ήταν υψηλές. Η ανάλυση παλινδρόμησης ανέδειξε τον αντιληπτό έλεγχο της συμπεριφοράς (β = 0,53, p < 0,0001), τις προσδοκίες αυτοαποτελεσματικότητας (β = 0,34, p < 0,0001) και τις προηγούμενες προσπάθειες διακοπής (β = 0,22, p < 0,0001), ως τους ισχυρότερους προβλεπτικούς παράγοντες της πρόθεσης για διακοπή του καπνίσματος, επιβεβαιώνοντας προηγούμενες έρευνες, ακολουθούμενους από τo χρόνο που κάποιος/α είναι καθημερινός καπνιστής (β = 0,18, p < 0,05) και τις στάσεις ως προς τη διακοπή του καπνίσματος (β = 0,14, p < 0,05). Δεδομένου ότι η συνήθεια του καπνίσματος επηρεάζεται από ψυχολογικούς (πεποιθήσεις, συναισθήματα) και κοινωνικούς παράγοντες (κοινωνική πίεση, πρότυπα), είναι επιβεβλημένη η εσωτερική κινητοποίηση των καπνιστών αστυνομικών για τη διακοπή του καπνίσματος μέσω παρεμβάσεων βασισμένων στη θεωρία σε θεσμοθετημένα ιατρεία διακοπής καπνίσματος.
Case Report: Managing Bardet-Biedl syndrome at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Ghimire Sandip , Sangroula Prativa , Thokar Ujwal
Published: January 2023

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), a rare ciliopathy, is a genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance which presents with multiple organ system involvement. It usually presents with renal dysfunction, dystrophy of rods and cones, obesity, hypogonadism, post-axial polydactyly, learning difficulties and other minor features. The treatment of this condition is primarily symptomatic and involves a multidisciplinary approach. We here present a case report of 42-year-old male patient presenting in the medicine department with renal impairment, metabolic syndrome, blindness, polydactyly, diabetes mellitus, and a learning disability. He was managed for renal impairment, hypertension and metabolic syndrome using the various approaches including medicines, dietary modifications including diabetic and renal diet, and lifestyle modifications. His renal function improved after the treatment, and he was able to lose weight which improved his diabetes control, cholesterol levels, and liver enzymes. This case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary and wholistic approach while managing a case with BBS.
Is rationality a cognitive faculty?
Authors: Khalil Elias L.
Published: January 2023

Rationality cannot be a form of intelligence or any other cognitive faculty such as memory, language faculty, mathematical skill, and so on. To establish this thesis, this paper uses a distinction from set theory, namely, the distinction between “binary relators” and “binary operators”. Rationality acts as a binary relator in the sense that it is an optimization method, while cognitive ability acts as a binary operator in the sense that it is a transformational function. Rationality as an optimization method (binary relator) does not differ from the neo-Darwinian notion of natural selection: either method seeks to find the best choice or fit trait given the constraints. A cognitive faculty as a transformational function (binary operator) simply translates inputs into outputs. The distinction between rationality and cognitive functions has wide-ranging implications regarding the theory of evolution.
Examining the link between social exclusion and social-risk taking: a correlational and experimental investigation
Authors: Pfundmair Michaela , Lermer Eva
Published: January 2023

Background: Previous research has consistently shown that social exclusion increases the proclivity for risk-taking. However, theoretical approaches like the Social Risk Hypothesis suggest that this relationship flips when confronted with social risks. Accordingly, the current study hypothesized that social exclusion decreases the propensity for social risks, in contrast to that for risks of other domains.

Methods: To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a correlational Pre-Study and a Main Study. In the latter, we tested our assumption in an experimental approach, manipulating exclusion vs. inclusion using the Cyberball and Future-Life paradigms.

Results: Results of the Pre-Study revealed that exclusion was linked to risk-taking in general, however, not to risk-taking in social domains. The Main Study showed that an experimental induced instance of social exclusion dampened the propensity for social risks. It further disclosed this effect’s boundary condition: When individuals were socially excluded to an extreme extent, they did not demonstrate such a risk-averse reaction. Moreover, we identified low dominance as a mediator for the dampening effect of exclusion on social risk-taking.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that social risk aversion in the aftermath of social exclusion might be an adaptive strategy in the short-term because the prevention of social risks and humble behaviors reduce signals of threat and elicit signals of support. However, this strategy might also produce a vicious circle of exclusion and, thus, higher costs in the long-term.
La escritura científico-académica en la formación universitaria: efectividad del diseño e implementación de un software (SWS) para su mejora.
Authors: Colás-Bravo Pilar , Hernández de la Rosa Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2023

En la formación universitaria la escritura científico-académica es clave para la elaboración de Trabajos de Fin de Grado o Diplomatura. No obstante, existe un gran vacío en la investigación pedagógica sobre recursos tecnológicos valiosos para el desarrollo de estas competencias. Esta aportación pretende mostrar científicamente la incidencia de la enseñanza mediante un software específico (Scientific Writing Skills) en la mejora de las competencias de escritura científicoacadémica. El estudio se lleva a cabo con 145 estudiantes de Ingeniería en Ciencias Informáticas de la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas de La Habana (Cuba). Una vez identificadas las necesidades formativas que los estudiantes perciben para la elaboración de textos científico-académicos, se aplica un diseño experimental pretest y postest para contrastar el efecto del modelo de formación técnico-pedagógico diseñado específicamente para mejorar la competencia de escritura científico-académica. El diseño tecnológico permitió recoger datos de forma automatizada para contrastar las hipótesis de investigación. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes que hacen uso del modelo experimentado obtienen mejoras significativas en cuanto a la capacidad de redacción de títulos, elaboración de resúmenes, selección de palabras clave, elaboración de bibliografía, redacción del problema y objetivos de investigación, así como elaboración de conclusiones y recomendaciones. Estos resultados son una muestra del potencial de las tecnologías para desarrollar competencias de escritura científico-académicas en la formación universitaria.
Effectiveness of cyberbullying prevention programmes on perpetration levels: a meta-analysis.
Authors: Mula-Falcón Javier , Cruz González Cristina
Published: January 2023

El ciberacoso es una nueva y creciente práctica que genera consecuencias más dañinas que incluso el acoso tradicional. En esta situación, el papel de la educación juega un papel decisivo en la lucha contra este tipo de situaciones. De hecho, en los últimos años se ha producido un aumento significativo del número de intervenciones educativas sobre el ciberacoso. Sin embargo, la literatura científica apenas muestra resultados concluyentes sobre la eficacia de estas intervenciones. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este meta-análisis es analizar los efectos que los programas de prevención del ciberacoso tienen sobre los niveles de perpetración entre los estudiantes escolares. Para ello, se realizó una estrategia de búsqueda según el marco PICOS y los criterios PRISMA en cinco bases de datos diferentes: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Educational Research Information Centre (ERIC), PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink y Google Scholar. Tras la búsqueda y la aplicación de los filtros de inclusión/exclusión, se incluyeron 9 estudios en el metaanálisis, que abarcaban un total de 17 intervenciones diferentes realizadas entre 2015 y 2019. Estos estudios describían la aplicación de diferentes programas de intervención a estudiantes de entre 10 y 17 años. Los hallazgos de este meta-análisis mostraron que los programas de prevención educativa podrían disminuir los niveles de perpetración de bullying (DME = 0,08; IC del 95% [0,05, 0,11]; p < 0,00001). Se discuten las implicaciones para reforzar y ampliar los programas de prevención del ciberacoso en el contexto educativo. Además, se invita a futuras investigaciones a ir más allá del ámbito educativo y considerar otras variables y factores que se extienden fuera del entorno educativo y que son igualmente relecantes, así como enfocar nuevas líneas de investigación al importante papel del alumnado ciberayudante como parte esencial en este tipo de situaciones.
La Educación transmedia en el contexto no formal: una revisión sistemática.
Authors: Erta-Majó Arnau , Vaquero Eduard
Published: January 2023

La proliferación de medios de comunicación y la expansión de Internet ha propiciado la aparición y utilización de narrativas transmedia. Su aplicación en la educación, conocida como educación transmedia, ha sido investigada principalmente en ámbitos educativos formales. No obstante, desde la perspectiva de la ecología del aprendizaje destaca la importancia de todos los ámbitos educativos. Este estudio tiene el objetivo de conocer los antecedentes de la literatura científica sobre el uso de las narrativas transmedia en la educación no formal a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica con el fin de identificar y analizar tanto los Objetos Educativos Transmedia (OET) como de los Procesos Educativos Transmedia (PET), que se llevan a cabo en este ámbito educativo. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo las orientaciones PRISMA (Page et al, 2021) a partir de cinco fases: 1) Búsqueda, 2) Filtrado, 3) Elegibilidad, 4) Clasificación y 5) Revisión y análisis. Tales fases resultaron finalmente en la revisión y análisis cualitativo de 29 documentos. El estudio expone el escaso desarrollo de PET en el ámbito educativo no formal, los cuales son a menudo adaptados del ámbito formal sin especial atención a las características del ámbito no formal. Desde un punto de vista ecológico, se reflexiona que la educación transmedia posee propiedades para potenciar los PET y diversificar oportunidades de aprendizaje, participación e implicación de distintos colectivos propios del ámbito educativo no formal. Se pone de manifiesto el interés de realizar investigaciones y proyectos orientados a la práctica en un campo poco explorado, donde la adaptación de los materiales a un entorno transmedia podría favorecer avances en múltiples colectivos para promover su desarrollo e inclusión social.
Causas y efectos de la ansiedad en clase de inglés: Factores cognitivos y afectivos.
Authors: Gómez Juan Fernando , Restrepo Jorge Emiro , Díaz Larenas Claudio
Published: January 2023

La comunidad científica afirma que existe una conexión entre los factores afectivos y cognitivos en el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua. En este estudio se propuso examinar las relaciones de causa y efecto de la ansiedad en la clase de lengua extranjera (ACLE), la disposición para comunicarse (DPC), la ansiedad ante exámenes (AE), las estrategias comunicativas (ECO) y las estrategias de aprendizaje (EA), por medio de un modelo con ecuaciones estructurales (MEE). Se realizó una investigación no experimental, cuantitativa ex post facto, transversal explicativa, con una muestra de 931 estudiantes correspondiente a 306 hombres y 625 mujeres, en una universidad pública de Colombia. Se administraron la Escala de Ansiedad en la Clase de Lengua Extranjera, Cuestionario sobre Disposición para Comunicarse Durante la Clase de Inglés, Inventario de Estrategias de Comunicación Oral, el Inventario de Ansiedad ante Exámenes y el Inventario de Estrategias para el Aprendizaje de Lenguas. El MEE reveló que la ACLE afecta negativamente a la DPC y las EA, e incide positivamente sobre la AE. Las estrategias socioafectivas generan un efecto negativo sobre la ACLE y positivo sobre la DPC. Este estudio aporta evidencia empírica que demuestra que la ansiedad es un aspecto que altera el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa del inglés como lengua extranjera.
Managing Pandemics: How to Contain COVID-19 Through Internal and External Lockdowns and Their Release
Authors: Bonardi Jean-Philippe , Gallea Quentin , Kalanoski Dimitrija , Lalive Rafael
Published: January 2023

Containing a pandemic is first and foremost a management problem: one has to find ways to reduce mobility and physical contacts in order to slow down the spread of the virus. We discuss and construct a novel database of internal and external lockdown measures around the world and analyze whether they helped reduce the spread of infections and the number of deaths. We address the endogeneity of lockdowns by modeling anticipation effects. Our data cover 178 countries in the period from December 2019 to November 2020 and identify lockdown and release periods along with confirmed cases of infections and deaths resulting from COVID-19. Overall, we find that lockdowns were effective, reduced mobility, and saved about 3.6 million lives in developed countries within 100 days after they were implemented. Measures taken within countries (rather than border closure) and partial lockdowns (instead of more constraining measures) were the most effective. However, in developing countries, where the opportunity cost of staying home might be too high for people to comply, lockdowns were ineffective. Additionally, the release of lockdown measures, which started in mid-May 2020 in most countries, did not lead to a strong resurgence of the virus except for border closure releases.

This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management.

Supplemental Material: The data is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4652 .
Value and Design of Traceability-Driven Blockchains
Authors: Cui Yao , Hu Ming , Liu Jingchen
Published: January 2023

Problem definition: This paper provides a theoretical investigation into the value and design of a traceability-driven blockchain under different supply chain structures. Methodology/results: We use game theory to study the quality contracting equilibrium between one buyer and two suppliers and identify two fundamental functionalities of a traceability-driven blockchain. In serial supply chains, the ability to trace the sequential production process creates value by mitigating double moral hazard. In this case, traceability always improves product quality and all firms’ profits and naturally creates a win-win. In parallel supply chains, the ability to trace the product origin enables flexible product recall, which can reduce product quality. In this case, traceability can benefit the buyer while hurting the suppliers, creating an incentive conflict. Managerial implications: Firms operating in different kinds of supply chains could face unique challenges when they adopt and design a traceability-driven blockchain. First, in serial supply chains, any firm can be the initiator of the blockchain, whereas in parallel supply chains, it may be critical for the buyer to take the lead in initiating the blockchain and properly compensate the suppliers. Second, in serial supply chains, a restricted data permission policy where each supplier shares their own traceability data with the buyer but not with each other can improve the supply chain profit, whereas in parallel supply chains, it is never optimal to restrict a firm’s access to the traceability data. Third, the suppliers’ incentive to enhance the governance of data quality is more aligned with the supply chain optimum in serial supply chains compared with parallel supply chains.

Funding: M. Hu was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grants RGPIN-2015-06757 and RGPIN-2021-04295]. J. Liu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72101110] and The MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences [Grant 20YJC630084].

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1161 .
Care is not a tally sheet: rethinking the field of gender divisions of domestic labour with care-centric conceptual narratives
Authors: Doucet Andrea
Published: January 2023

This article addresses two puzzles that are at the heart of the field of gender divisions of domestic labour. How is it that care concepts seldom appear in a field that is focused on unpaid care work? Why does the field focus on divisions rather than on relationships and relationalities? To address these puzzles, I interrogate some of the conceptual underpinnings in the field’s dominant theories: social exchange and ‘doing gender’. Through a weaving of Margaret Somers’ historical sociology of concept formation and Nancy Fraser’s historical mapping of capitalism, care and social reproduction, I aim to rethink and remake the field of gender divisions of domestic labour through care theories, especially feminist care ethics and care economies research. I argue that care concepts – which highlight relationalities, responsiveness and responsibilities – can radically re-orient how we approach the ‘who’ and ‘what’ questions of this field’s long-standing central focus on ‘who does what?’
Emotion memories and emotional expressions in autobiographical interviews
Authors: Cantó-Milà Natàlia , Moncunill Piñas Mariona , Seebach Swen
Published: January 2023

This article focuses on the fundamental role that emotion memories play in constructing autobiographical narrations. It suggests that the analysis of emotion memories can provide a deep insight into a variety of processes and fields of individual and social life (Cavarero, 2000). Based on the analysis of emotion memories in life-story interviews, this article will show the deep-rooted interrelatedness between the self and its social environment with emotion memories as an influential element. This article aims to show that strong emotional experiences mould the interviewees’ narrations because they penetrate and shape the remembered past and anticipated future by enhancing, suppressing and hence shaping past and future experiences. If turned into emotion memories, these experiences allow the channelling, taming and/or evoking of emotions. This practice relates different memories and life-story moments with each other and puts them into a new context. This article claims that emotion memories have therefore a crucial structuring effect for autobiographical narrations and are therefore also a valuable element of analysis of interviews. We claim that emotion memories become visible and therefore analysable as emotional expressions or emotives, as emotion performances intentionally performed or accidentally caused (Austin, 1975; Reddy, 2001).
The Politics of Ailment
Authors: Zechner Minna , Näre Lena , Karsio Olli , Olakivi Antero , Sointu Liina , Hoppania Hanna-Kaisa , Vaittinen Tiina
Published: January 2023

This book introduces the concept of ailment as a new theoretical approach in the field of care studies and the wider social sciences. Ailment refers to the bothering that troubles, afflicts and plagues the body, its embodied mind and larger collectives and societies. Care is often the most ethical response to many ailments, but responses to ailment also include neglect and even abuse. Throughout history, individuals, households and communities have responded to ailment in their everyday practices, and there have been collective social efforts to respond to it, efforts that vary with the ethical standards and resources of a given time and place. We demonstrate how contemporary responses to ailment remain inadequate because they fail to acknowledge its nature as unpredictable and changing from one day to the next, rather like care. Ailment mobilises concrete, embodied and emotional responses in immediate social encounters, along with gendered, racialised and classed divisions of labour that extend to a global scale. We urge that attention be paid to how ailment bothers and affects individuals, their own ailment and care needs, and the ailments of others, including the ailment of earth itself, as revealed by the ongoing climate crisis. Different chapters of the book reflect on ailment and analyse social and care policies, the marketisation and financialisation of care, embodied care work and divisions of care labour.
Introduction: Humans as Ailing Beings
Authors: Zechner Minna , Näre Lena , Karsio Olli , Olakivi Antero , Sointu Liina , Hoppania Hanna-Kaisa , Vaittinen Tiina
Published: January 2023

This chapter introduces the concept of ailment, which is about generalised care needs, including the need for self-care. Ailment does not indicate an immediate dependency on others. Rather, it is a human condition and force that mobilises emotions, actions and relations. Responses to ailment extend from concrete encounters between human beings in the immediate environment to political and institutional responses in societies across the world. The political relatedness that ailment enacts in the world and the different kinds of social orders that emerge through different personal and collective responses to the needs of ailing subjects are discussed.
Profit making and ailment: the marketisation and financialisation of care
Authors: Zechner Minna , Näre Lena , Karsio Olli , Olakivi Antero , Sointu Liina , Hoppania Hanna-Kaisa , Vaittinen Tiina
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines how the marketisation and financialisation of care are transforming and challenging the social and care policies developed during the heyday of the welfare state. Marketisation and financialisation significantly affect these politics of ailment by introducing the mechanisms of profit making, competition and choice as solutions to human ailment and by replacing the ailing subject with a market actor as the target of social policies. Nevertheless, ailment continues to be a mobilising force that simultaneously generates both social and care relations and market and financial activities. The problem with these trends and the neoliberal vision on which they rely is that the logic of the market is different from – and largely incompatible with – responses to ailment that are based on a logic of care. While businesses perceive ailment as producing unlimited market opportunities, they fail as to the more profound recognition of ailment as an existential human condition warranting ethically sound responses such as affordable care.
Ailment in caring encounters and divisions of care labour
Authors: Zechner Minna , Näre Lena , Karsio Olli , Olakivi Antero , Sointu Liina , Hoppania Hanna-Kaisa , Vaittinen Tiina
Published: January 2023

This chapter demonstrates how ailment mobilises concrete, embodied and emotional responses in immediate social encounters and care work, along with discussing the gendered, racialised and classed divisions of care labour that extend to a global scale. The relatedness and variance inherent in ailment – and care as a key response to it – mean that there is a large degree of unpredictability in the chain reactions that ailment creates. Moreover, as responses to ailment may include neglect, violence and humiliation, a variety of ethical and political identities and structures can ensue. Societal structures and the organisation of care work specifically affect and ail those who have less power, influence and money: typically, working-class women, racialised minorities and international migrants. The varying responses to ailment in the world may be imagined as an emergent and constantly changing network of relatedness and affects that organise societies. Within these local and global networks, those caring for others are also affected by their care relationships and may suffer various kinds of distress, which are discussed in terms of caregiver ailment. Political and institutional actors who ignore the relationality of care and often disregard the needs of the caregiver play a major role in engendering and perpetuating caregiver ailment.
Rethinking the ‘social’ in social housing: common needs, shared identities
Authors: Gregory James
Published: January 2023

The final chapter advocates a hybrid approach to social housing. In this account there is an activist role for the state in the housing market, as well as a role as a provider of social housing. Equal emphasis is placed on the role of housing associations. A mixed economy of housing provision is one in which the ‘social’ encompasses a wide range of housing needs, including ownership options, with greater flexibility to move between tenures if financial circumstances change. The chapter concludes with brief commentary on future directions for the welfare–wellbeing debate.
Child Support And Gendered Governance Practice
Authors: Cook Kay
Published: January 2023

This chapter sets out the conceptual, analytical and epistemological frameworks that are used to analyse child support as a gendered governance practice. It takes as its starting point the assumption that child support was introduced in each country as a solution to the social ‘problems’ caused by family separation. Drawing on the work of Sara Ahmed, Carol Bacchi, Deb Stone, Tania Li and across a wide range of theories, such as on the sociology of social problems, state improvement practices, policymakers’ stories of causation, nonperformative policies, and the persistence of global masculinism, the chapter provides a framework that is used to explain why child support is structured as it is, whose interests are served, who is rendered responsible for child support’s enactment and who becomes downplayed as actors in its success and failure, and how child support is allowed, or indeed structured, to fail to consistently transfer payments from non-resident parents to resident mothers for the financial wellbeing of their children.
Child support regimes and relevance
Authors: Cook Kay
Published: January 2023

This chapter consolidates previous research on child support to develop an account of the ‘types’ of child support existing internationally, the various ways that child support orders are calculated, and the importance of child support to the state. In the context of changing gender roles, such as women’s increasing employment, the complexity of family forms, and the uptake of shared care, and the global migration, calculating and administering child support is becoming increasingly complex. How states have managed these complexities is discussed. These changes reveal general trends that exist across states to move child support from a social program in response to child poverty, to a technical system used to ‘right size’ payment liabilities, to a personal problem where parents should agree upon and transfer payments privately. The gender of these arrangements, including the risks and benefits afforded to each party, is discussed.
Understanding Mental Distress
Authors: Moth Rich
Published: January 2023

The book presents an ethnographic exploration of contemporary neoliberal reforms of community mental health services. The introduction of market-based delivery and performance mechanisms has restructured this setting and produced a shift from predominantly relational to informational forms of practice, within an organisational culture of defensive risk management. The time and space within services to develop trusting supportive practitioner-user relationships has been significantly constrained. The implementation of these organisational reforms was also accompanied by punitive forms of managerial control. Overall, these developments have generated tensions and stress for practitioners and service users alike. However, neoliberal reform processes are uneven and the sediments of earlier systems of mental health provision remain visible in the form of biomedical, custodial but also social-relational approaches. These diverse organisational features create a range of institutional tendencies (or situational logics).
While situational logics in neoliberal services that tended to reinforce restrictive biomedical and custodial practices were predominant, sometimes countervailing practices that challenged the constraints of these informational, medically reductive and coercive tendencies also emerged. Discontent with currently dominant logics generated resistance in the form of micro-level attempts by practitioners to maintain social-relational and community approaches. This also included the development of nascent alliances between practitioners and service-user survivor activists to contest these restrictions.
This book offers a case study both of the effects of neoliberal reform on mental health services, and of the way this restructured action environment shapes how practitioners, service users and carers understand and respond to lived experiences of mental distress.
The transition from relational to informational practice
Authors: Moth Rich
Published: January 2023

This is the first of six chapters which present an account of ethnographic fieldwork in a community mental health team (CMHT). This chapter begins with an introduction to Southville CMHT. This includes an overview of the CMHT model, its structure and processes, and the range of mental health professions working within it. My main argument is that neoliberalism, market-based delivery and performance mechanisms have reshaped the labour process and forms of professional practice. Mental health work which was predominantly based on relationships has shifted to target-oriented, bureaucratic and informational forms of practice. This has generated tensions and stress for practitioners and service users alike.
Time, trust and relational practice
Authors: Moth Rich
Published: January 2023

The shift from relational to informational practice was outlined in the previous chapter. These dynamics constrain spaces for mental health workers to engage in supportive interventions and generate defensive and controlling forms of practice. This chapter is about the implications and consequences of those changes for service users. In particular, the chapter will explore how reductions in time impact on the possibilities for trusting relationships between users and workers in services. The chapter presents the perspectives of six service users and their Southville CMHT workers.
Defining mental distress
Authors: Moth Rich
Published: January 2023

This second individual case study chapter discusses the intervention of workers from Southville CMHT and the local mental health inpatient unit with a service user, Alistair, and his wife and informal carer Felicity. The chapter explores the different constructions of Alistair’s mental health needs elaborated by his consultant psychiatrist, his care-coordinator/social worker, Felicity and Alistair. The implications of transitions between ‘stable’ and ‘acute’ phases for the way in which practitioners understand and respond to this service user’s experiences of mental distress are explored.
Shifting contours of managerial control
Authors: Moth Rich
Published: January 2023

This chapter gives a more granular picture of forms of agency from above and from below in the context of neoliberal reform of mental health services. There are three parts to the chapter. First, mental health nurse and trade union activist Roger offers an overview of the shifting landscape of relations between trade unions and senior managers from the latter stages of the community care era up until the RRT restructure. Second, the disciplining and victimisation of team manager Evelyn provides a case a case study of these intensified processes of control. The third section then examines how Roger, Evelyn and other practitioners responded to these organisational reforms and shifting frontiers of control.