bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O apego ao lugar no contexto dos estudos pessoa-ambiente: práticas de pesquisa
Authors: Felippe Maíra Longhinotti , Kuhnen Ariane
Published: December 2012

Objeto de estudo de disciplinas interessadas nas relações humano-ambientais, o apego ao lugar traduz-se pelo vínculo afetivo estabelecido entre pessoas e cenários físicos. Com o objetivo de avaliar as práticas de investigação do apego ao lugar quanto ao modo como se relacionam às características dos estudos da Psicologia Ambiental, fez-se análise da produção de artigos científicos relacionados ao tema, disponibilizados nas bases de dados Science Direct e Sage. Examinaram-se aspectos como a complexidade do objeto de estudo, a multidisciplinaridade, as perspectivas teóricas, os paradigmas de investigação e a abordagem multimetodológica. Os resultados da análise demonstraram que a pesquisa do apego ao lugar parece ainda evitar a triangulação metodológica proposta para os estudos pessoa-ambiente, mas, de modo geral, apontaram proximidades quanto a sua investigação e à produção de conhecimento da Psicologia Ambiental.
Qualidades psicométricas do Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades: revisão da literatura
Authors: Saur Adriana Martins , Loureiro Sonia Regina
Published: December 2012

O Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) é um instrumento amplamente pesquisado, de uso livre, que visa avaliar a saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes. Dada a relevância do uso de instrumentos aferidos para a avaliação de indicadores de saúde mental, este trabalho objetivou analisar a produção científica relacionada às propriedades psicométricas do Questionário. Procedeu-se a um levantamento bibliográfico de estudos indexados nas bases de dados MedLine, PsycINFO e Lilacs, a partir da publicação original do instrumento, abrangendo o período de 1997 a 2010, utilizando-se as seguintes palavraschave: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and psychometric properties; e Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and validity or reliability. Foram selecionados e analisados 51 estudos psicométricos. Os resultados indicaram índices positivos de validade e fidedignidade em 21 países, incluindo o Brasil, caracterizando seu alcance transcultural e sua aplicabilidade na área de saúde mental infanto-juvenil .
Entre los tiempos escolares y los tiempos de ocio: su incidencia en la vida cotidiana de los adolescentes que cursan la Educación Secundaria obligatoria en España
Authors: Caballo Mª Belén , Caride José Antonio , Gradaílle Rita
Published: December 2012

El artículo se inscribe a una línea de investigación a la que se vinculan diferentes contribuciones realizadas en los últimos años por el Grupo de Investigación de Pedagogía Social y Educación Ambiental (SEPA) de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-España; financiados en las Convocatorias de Ayudas a Proyectos de Investigación del Plan Nacional de I+D+i que, genéricamente, toman como referencia los tiempos educativos y los tiempos de ocio en los procesos de socialización y la vida cotidiana de la infancia-adolescentes en la sociedad red. Con esta perspectiva, las contribuciones específicas del artículo inciden en los significados - viejos y nuevos- que los tiempos educativos, y muy especialmente los relacionados con el calendario y horarios escolares, tienen en la vida cotidiana de los adolescentes (12-16 años) que cursan la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) en España. En este sentido, se valoran algunos de los problemas emergentes en la sociedad red, así como las alternativas pedagógico-sociales que deberán adoptarse para un desarrollo más integral de su formación y de los derechos que se invocan en nombre del ocio y de su educación.
Análise de um modelo para a formação de professores e suas aplicações
Authors: Chamon Edna Maria Querido de Oliveira , Sales Adriane de Castro Menezes
Published: December 2012

O objetivo deste artigo é aplicar um modelo de análise aos processos de formação docente. Este modelo é construído a partir de três polos - o conhecimento, a situação e o sujeito -, que definem três lógicas de formação: epistêmica, socioprofissional e psicológica. O modelo foi aplicado em dois estudos, uma formação continuada e uma formação inicial. Para o primeiro estudo, 189 professores da rede estadual de ensino do Estado de São Paulo avaliaram a formação que cursavam. Para o segundo estudo, 964 alunos do curso de Pedagogia de uma instituição do Estado do Pará responderam a um questionário sobre a formação recebida. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que: 1) a formação ofertada no primeiro estudo relaciona-se fundamentalmente ao polo socioprofissional do modelo; 2) a formação do segundo estudo relaciona-se aos polos socioprofissional e epistêmico.
Escola primária em Mato Grosso: aspectos de uma cultura escolar em construção (1910-1915)
Authors: Cardoso Cancionila Janzkovski , Amâncio Lázara Nanci de Barros
Published: December 2012

Apresentamos dados de uma pesquisa que contribui para a reconstrução da memória da cultura escolar primária, na perspectiva da História Cultural e da Cultura Escolar. Recorremos aos Relatórios da Diretoria da Instrução Pública, elaborados pelo Major José Estevão Corrêa nos cinco primeiros anos que se seguem à reforma da instrução pública realizada em 1910. Resultados indicam as relações de força entre educadores paulistas e autoridades educacionais de Mato Grosso, na instauração de um novo modelo de escola, tendo como decorrência a construção de uma cultura escolar diferenciada da que vigorou até a primeira década do século XX.
Riscos ocupacionais na fabricação de medicamentos: análise de uma indústria localizada no Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Alencar João Rui Barbosa de
Published: December 2012

A fabricação de medicamentos é um processo industrial complexo que exige altos investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento, produção e controle de qualidade dos produtos, aquisição de substâncias, armazenagem e distribuição dos produtos, manutenção de pessoal qualificado e reciclado nos conhecimentos da área. Paradoxalmente, apesar de ser um segmento que agrega tecnologias ultramodernas e do grande suporte proporcionado pelas Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) de medicamentos fixados pela legislação sanitária, a indústria de medicamentos convive com diversos riscos ambientais, aqui incluídos os riscos ao consumidor, à saúde dos seus trabalhadores e os associados ao meio ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o resultado da identificação dos riscos ocupacionais de uma indústria farmacêutica pública localizada no nordeste do Brasil, obtido através das investigações e avaliações realizadas pela Comissão Interna de Prevenção de Acidentes (CIPA) da empresa, e contribuir para a realização de estudos avançados relacionados com saúde e doença dos trabalhadores na indústria farmacêutica de medicamentos.
Satisfação no trabalho - uma breve revisão
Authors: Marqueze Elaine Cristina , Moreno Claudia Roberta de Castro
Published: December 2012

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar uma breve revisão sobre satisfação no trabalho, analisando suas diferentes concepções. Associadas a essas concepções, também são apresentadas características do trabalho que interferem e determinam a satisfação, bem como as conseqüências da satisfação e da insatisfação no ambiente de trabalho.
Influência do preparo do orifício piloto na ancoragem dos parafusos pediculares
Authors: Abrahão Gustavo Silva , Rosa Rodrigo César , Okubo Rodrigo , Shimano Antônio Carlos
Published: December 2012

OBJETIVO: Avaliamos a influência do diâmetro e do modo de preparação do orifício piloto na resistência ao arrancamento e no torque de inserção dos parafusos pediculares com diâmetro interno cônico. MÉTODOS: Ensaios mecânicos foram realizados com parafusos pediculares com alma cônica e diâmetro de 4,2mm e 5,2mm inseridos nos pedículos vertebrais lombares de suínos. O orifício piloto foi confeccionado com de broca e sondas (pontiaguda e cortante) com diferentes diâmetros. RESULTADOS: Testando o parafuso de 4,2mm a perfuração com orifício igual ou inferior ao menor diâmetro interno do parafuso, aumentou o torque e a resistência ao arrancamento. Perfurações com diferentes instrumentos apresentaram comportamento semelhante. Perfurações com sondas permitiram que orifícios confeccionados com dimensões superiores ao menor diâmetro interno do parafuso apresentassem resistência semelhante a das perfurações com dimensões iguais ao menor diâmetro interno do implante, realizadas com sondas e brocas. CONCLUSÕES: Nos de 4,2 mm o diâmetro e o modo de preparação do orifício influenciam o torque e a resistência, nos de 5,2 mm apenas o torque de inserção. Não há correlação entre força de arrancamento e torque de inserção. Nível de evidência II, Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos Resultados do Tratamento.
Avaliação clínica e por ressonância magnética do ombro de pacientes lesados medulares
Authors: Alves Alex Pereira , Terrabuio Junior Alberto Antonio , Pimenta Ciro Jabur , Medina Giovanna Ignácio Subirá , Rimkus Carolina de Medeiros , Cliquet Júnior Alberto
Published: December 2012

OBJETIVO: Estudar o ombro destes indivíduos através de ressonância magnética para detectar lesões clínicas ou subclínicas para instituir programas específicos de reabilitação. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados nove pacientes lesados medulares, com seguimento no Laboratório de Biomecânica e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor HC/UNICAMP. Foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a presença de paraplegia ou tetraplegia e avaliados através de anamnese e exame físico para correlação com o exame de imagem. RESULTADOS: 41% dos ombros avaliados com imagens de ressonância apresentaram resultado normal. Dentre os resultados alterados, a tendinopatia do supra-espinhal e a degeneração acrômio-clavicular foram às alterações mais encontradas e 80% dos ombros com exame alterado possuiam mais de uma lesão associada. CONCLUSÃO: Pela amostra do estudo é possível identificar uma etiologia multivariada da omalgia, com particularidades para indivíduos paraplégicos e tetraplégicos. A inclusão rotineira da avaliação clínica e radiológica do ombro nos indivíduos lesados medulares pode contribuir para a evolução das técnicas de reabilitação e redução tanto das lesões músculo-articulares quanto dos sintomas álgicos. Nível de Evidência II, Desenvolvimento de critérios diagnósticos em pacientes consecutivos com padrão de referência "ouro" aplicado.
Homens, vítimas e autores de violência: a corrosão do espaço público e a perda da condição humana
Authors: Alves Rejane Aparecida , Pinto Lauriza Maria Nunes , Silveira Andréa Maria , Oliveira Graziella Lage , Melo Elza Machado de
Published: December 2012

Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, realizado no Município de Ribeirão das Neves-MG, com o objetivo de compreender o envolvimento dos homens com a violência. A metodologia consistiu de grupos focais organizados segundo sexo, faixa etária e região administrativa do Município, sendo, ao todo, trinta grupos, com 231 participantes, recrutados aleatoriamente. Para analisar, foi utilizado o método hermenêutico-dialético e, à luz da teoria política de Hannah Arendt, a violência foi interpretada como dominação que perpassa as relações humanas. Homens e mulheres foram identificados como possíveis autores e vítimas de violência, o envolvimento de cada um sendo definido a partir de relações desiguais que estabelecem. Os números da violência, assim como as explicações centradas em teorias biológicas, podem levar à conclusão prematura de que os homens sejam mais violentos do que as mulheres. A fundamentação teórica e a contextualização mais profundas permitem clarear outras faces desse importante problema.
Biomedicalización e infancia: trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad
Authors: Iriart Celia , Ríos Lisbeth Iglesias
Published: December 2012

El artículo analiza críticamente el aumento de los niños diagnosticados y tratados por el Trastorno de Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). Los análisis vinculan este creciente fenómeno con las estrategias de la industria farmacéutica para reposicionarse en el liderazgo de la conceptualización del proceso salud-enfermedad-atención y en el mercado de salud. Utilizamos métodos analítico-interpretativos para estudiar datos primarios y secundarios, y realizar una extensa revisión bibliográfica. A la luz del concepto de biomedicalización analizamos los mecanismos subjetivo-ideológicos que facilitaron que este discurso se instituya como una nueva verdad sobre este trastorno y sea legitimado por los organismos gubernamentales y las organizaciones de la sociedad civil. La biomedicalización del sufrimiento infantil dificulta que se pongan en evidencia los profundos cambios socioeconómicos, políticos e ideológico-culturales que han transformado radicalmente nuestras sociedades en las últimas décadas.
Consumo alimentar, estado nutricional e nível de atividade física em comunidade universitária brasileira
Authors: Maciel Erika da Silva , Sonati Jaqueline Girnos , Modeneze Denis Marcelo , Vasconcelos Julia Santos , Vilarta Roberto
Published: December 2012

OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade e a frequência do consumo alimentar, o estado nutricional e o nível de atividade física em uma comunidade universitária brasileira. MÉTODOS: A amostra constitui-se de 303 voluntários (130 homens e 173 mulheres) pertencentes à comunidade universitária do interior de São Paulo e avaliada por meio da disponibilização pela Internet do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar do International Physical Activity Questionaire e por meio da coleta da descrição autorreferida do peso e da altura. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, análise de frequência alimentar e teste do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: Foram observados inadequação dos hábitos alimentares, sobrepeso e obesidade na amostra estudada. As correlações entre os grupos alimentares apresentaram valores de magnitude maiores no grupo de mulheres que se alimentam de forma mais adequada do que os homens, mas não foram observadas diferenças entre os sexos no nível de atividade física. Não houve correlação significativa entre grupos de alimentos consumidos, índice de massa corporal e nível de atividade física em ambos os sexos. CONCLUSÃO: A comunidade universitária estudada apresentou baixo consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras, bem como consumo insuficiente de alimentos do grupo de cereais e leguminosas.
Processamento de biscoitos adicionados de óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.): uma alternativa para o consumo de alimentos fontes de vitamina A na merenda escolar
Authors: Aquino Jailane de Souza , Pessoa Débora Catarine Nepomuceno de Pontes , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Vasconcelos de , Cavalheiro José Marcelino Oliveira , Stamford Tânia Lúcia Montenegro
Published: December 2012

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver biscoitos tipo cookie adicionado de óleo de buriti a fim de se analisarem sua aceitação sensorial e seu valor nutricional, visando a sua utilização na merenda escolar, bem como avaliar o consumo de alimentos fontes de vitamina A por escolares. MÉTODOS: Uma formulação-controle (15% de óleo de soja) e duas formulações experimentais (7,5% e 15% de óleo de buriti) foram produzidas e avaliadas quanto à composição centesimal, conteúdo de vitamina A e aceitação sensorial, testada por 201 escolares. Avaliou-se também o consumo de alimentos fontes de vitamina A por esses escolares mediante questionário semiquantitativo contendo 28 alimentos considerados fontes da referida vitamina. RESULTADOS: O biscoito elaborado com 15% de óleo de buriti obteve boa aceitação, e apresenta maior percentual de proteínas, de minerais e de vitamina A, podendo ser considerado fonte deste último nutriente. Observou-se uma maior frequência de consumo de alimentos com baixo teor de vitamina A, como também uma menor frequência de consumo dos frutos da região Nordeste. CONCLUSÃO: Os biscoitos adicionados de óleo de buriti podem ser uma alternativa de inclusão de alimentos fontes de vitamina A na dieta de escolares, no entanto o consumo de frutas e hortaliças fontes dessa vitamina deve ser estimulado, tendo em vista que os escolares consomem pouca variedade de alimentos fontes dessa vitamina, o que aumenta o risco de deficiência a longo prazo.
A study on speech rate as a prosodic feature in spontaneous narrative
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Miguel
Published: December 2012

Speech rate is examined in this paper as a prosodic feature employed in the signaling of spontaneous narrative structure. Assuming that narratives have a structural system in itself, and that interactants mark their moves and their more global activities in order to make them unambiguous (JEFFERSON, 1978; SACKS, 1972), the present paper examines speech rate phenomena, from an acoustic-experimental approach, in 17 spontaneous narratives, using one of the most influential models for narrative analysis - the Labovian Evaluative Model (LABOV, 1972) - as framework for the analysis. The prosodic variable under investigation is analyzed on two different levels: at specific points in the narratives corresponding to section boundaries (local level), and within different sections in the narratives as a whole (global level). The results indicate that speech rate operates exclusively on the global level, by generating a cyclical pattern of varying rates corresponding to the individual, linear sections that make up narrative texts. Speech rate does not characterize narrative sections and is not manipulated on the local level in order to mark narrative boundaries.
Fishers' knowledge identifies environmental changes and fish abundance trends in impounded tropical rivers
Authors: Hallwass Gustavo , Lopes Priscila F. , Juras Anastácio A. , Silvano Renato A. M.
Published: December 2012

The long‐term impacts of large hydroelectric dams on small‐scale fisheries in tropical rivers are poorly known. A promising way to investigate such impacts is to compare and integrate the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of resource users with biological data for the same region. We analyzed the accuracy of fishers' LEK to investigate fisheries dynamics and environmental changes in the Lower Tocantins River (Brazilian Amazon) downstream from a large dam. We estimated fishers' LEK through interviews with 300 fishers in nine villages and collected data on 601 fish landings in five of these villages, 22 years after the dam's establishment (2006–2008). We compared these two databases with each other and with data on fish landings from before the dam's establishment (1981) gathered from the literature. The data obtained based on the fishers' LEK (interviews) and from fisheries agreed regarding the primary fish species caught, the most commonly used type of fishing gear (gill nets) and even the most often used gill net mesh sizes but disagreed regarding seasonal fish abundance. According to the interviewed fishers, the primary environmental changes that occurred after the impoundment were an overall decrease in fish abundance, an increase in the abundance of some fish species and, possibly, the local extinction of a commercial fish species (Semaprochilodus brama). These changes were corroborated by comparing fish landings sampled before and 22 years after the impoundment, which indicated changes in the composition of fish landings and a decrease in the total annual fish production. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that large dams may adversely affect small‐scale fisheries downstream and establish a feasible approach for applying fishers' LEK to fisheries management, especially in regions with a low research capacity.
Effect of Seed Vigor on Intraspecific Competition and Grain Yield in Maize
Authors: Mondo Vitor Henrique Vaz , Cicero Silvio Moure , Dourado‐Neto Durval , Pupim Túlio Lourenço , Dias Marcos Altomani Neves
Published: December 2012

High‐vigor seeds result in faster emergence of seedlings and crop establishment than low‐vigor seeds. These characteristics could enhance plant competitive ability and could have direct effects on maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield. This study examined the hypothesis that seed vigor heterogeneity in maize seed lots could increase intraspecific competition and negatively affect crop grain yield. A 2‐yr experiment was executed combining two hybrid maize seed lots, possessing high‐vigor and low‐vigor seeds, in seven different distributions in the sowing row. The distributions of the plants originating from high‐ and low‐vigor seeds were evaluated at harvest for dry mass accumulation, prolificacy, number of grains per row, number of rows per ear, 1000‐grain mass, and grain yield. A replacement series design for data analysis of two homogeneous populations and five seed mixture populations was applied. We concluded that, in plant populations originating from heterogeneous seed lots, intraspecific competition was intensified, resulting in losses of dry mass accumulation and grain yield. Plants originating from low‐vigor seeds had less competitive ability and reduced plant dry mass accumulation and grain yield than those originating from high‐vigor seeds and were responsible for crop yield losses. Plants originating from high‐vigor seeds had a dominant effect on those originating from low‐vigor seeds and had no compensatory effects. The major production component affected by intraspecific competition was the number of grains per row.
Cell-Based Screening Identifies Paroxetine as an Inhibitor of Diabetic Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Gerö Domokos , Szoleczky Petra , Suzuki Kunihiro , Módis Katalin , Oláh Gabor , Coletta Ciro , Szabo Csaba
Published: December 2012

We have conducted a phenotypic screening in endothelial cells exposed to elevated extracellular glucose (an in vitro model of hyperglycemia) to identify compounds that prevent hyperglycemia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation without adversely affecting cell viability. From a focused library of >6,000 clinically used drug-like and pharmacologically active compounds, several classes of active compounds emerged, with a confirmed hit rate of <0.5%. Follow-up studies focused on paroxetine, a clinically used antidepressant compound that has not been previously implicated in the context of hyperglycemia or diabetes. Paroxetine reduced hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial ROS formation, mitochondrial protein oxidation, and mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage, without interfering with mitochondrial electron transport or cellular bioenergetics. The ability of paroxetine to improve hyperglycemic endothelial cell injury was unique among serotonin reuptake blockers and can be attributed to its antioxidant effect, which primarily resides within its sesamol moiety. Paroxetine maintained the ability of vascular rings to respond to the endothelium-dependent relaxant acetylcholine, both during in vitro hyperglycemia and ex vivo, in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Thus, the current work identifies a novel pharmacological action of paroxetine as a protector of endothelial cells against hyperglycemic injury and raises the potential of repurposing of this drug for the experimental therapy of diabetic cardiovascular complications.
Association of Clinical Symptomatic Hypoglycemia With Cardiovascular Events and Total Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hsu Pai-Feng , Sung Shih-Hsien , Cheng Hao-Min , Yeh Jong-Shiuan , Liu Wen-Ling , Chan Wan-Leong , Chen Chen-Huan , Chou Pesus , Chuang Shao-Yuan
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE

Hypoglycemia is associated with serious health outcomes for patients treated for diabetes. However, the outcome of outpatients with type 2 diabetes who have experienced hypoglycemia episodes is largely unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The study population, derived from the National Health Insurance Research Database released by the Taiwan National Health Research Institutes during 1998–2009, comprised 77,611 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. We designed a prospective study consisting of randomly selected hypoglycemic type 2 diabetic patients and matched type 2 diabetic patients without hypoglycemia. We investigated the relationships of hypoglycemia with total mortality and cardiovascular events, including stroke, coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause hospitalization.

RESULTS

There were 1,844 hypoglycemic events (500 inpatients and 1,344 outpatients) among the 77,611 patients. Both mild (outpatient) and severe (inpatient) hypoglycemia cases had a higher percentage of comorbidities, including hypertension, renal diseases, cancer, stroke, and heart disease. In multivariate Cox regression models, including diabetes treatment adjustment, diabetic patients with hypoglycemia had a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular events during clinical treatment periods. After constructing a model adjusted with propensity scores, mild and severe hypoglycemia still demonstrated higher hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular diseases (HR 2.09 [95% CI 1.63–2.67]), all-cause hospitalization (2.51 [2.00–3.16]), and total mortality (2.48 [1.41–4.38]).

CONCLUSIONS

Symptomatic hypoglycemia, whether clinically mild or severe, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, all-cause hospitalization, and all-cause mortality. More attention may be needed for diabetic patients with hypoglycemic episodes.
Effects of action of proparacaine and tetracaine topical ophthalmic formulations on corneal sensitivity in horses
Authors: Sharrow-Reabe Karen L. , Townsend Wendy M.
Published: December 2012

Objective—To compare the corneal anesthetic effects and duration of action of 2 ophthalmic anesthetic agents in horses.

Design—Prospective, randomized masked crossover study.

Animals—8 clinically normal adult horses.

Procedures—Corneal sensitivity was determined by measuring each eye's corneal touch threshold (CTT) with a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. Each eye's baseline CTT was recorded prior to anesthetic instillation at 0 minutes and every 10 minutes thereafter for 60 minutes. Each eye was randomly assigned to receive 2 of 4 treatments: 0.5% aqueous proparacaine ophthalmic solution (aqueous proparacaine; 8 eyes); 0.5% aqueous tetracaine ophthalmic solution (aqueous tetracaine; 8 eyes); 0.5% viscous tetracaine ophthalmic solution (viscous tetracaine; 8 eyes); and saline (0.9% NaCl) eyewash solution (8 eyes) as a negative control. There was a 48-hour washout period. Every horse received all treatments.

Results—Median baseline CTT of eyes was 4.5 cm (range, 0.5 to 6 cm). Median CTT for saline solution–treated eyes never differed significantly from baseline. The maximum anesthetic effect with the other 3 treatments occurred at 10 minutes. Median CTT of eyes at 10 minutes was 0.5 cm (range, 0 to 2.5 cm) with aqueous proparacaine treatment, 0.25 cm (range, 0 to 2.0 cm) with aqueous tetracaine treatment, and 0 cm (range, 0 to 0.5 cm) with viscous tetracaine treatment. Maximum anesthetic duration was 20 minutes with aqueous proparacaine and aqueous tetracaine treatments and 30 minutes with viscous tetracaine treatments.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment of eyes with viscous tetracaine resulted in the greatest decrease in CTT and the longest duration of action, compared with treatment with aqueous proparacaine or aqueous tetracaine.
Clinical use of antimicrobial regional limb perfusion in horses: 174 cases (1999–2009)
Authors: Rubio-Martínez Luis M. , Elmas Colette R. , Black Belinda , Monteith Gabrielle
Published: December 2012

Objective—To describe the clinical use of regional limb perfusion with antimicrobials (A-RLP), complications, and outcome in a large series of patients.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—174 horses.

Procedures—Medical records of horses treated with A-RLP between 1999 and 2009 were reviewed. Signalment, primary complaint, horse use, etiology, duration of clinical signs, previous treatment, structures involved, concurrent conditions, A-RLP characteristics, additional treatments, complications, and outcome were recorded. At long-term follow-up, 2 outcomes were investigated: survival rate and return to previous use at the same or higher level. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results—Group 1 (96 horses) included septic synovitis. Group 2 (50 horses) included extrasynovial lacerations (23 horses) and fresh, minimally contaminated intrasynovial lacerations without evidence of established synovial infection (27 horses). Group 3 (28 horses) included miscellaneous other conditions. Only minor complications were reported in 12.26% of horses that received IV (n = 155) and 33% of horses that received intraosseous (27) A-RLP. Horses with septic synovitis had a lower survival rate (53.43%) than did horses with lacerations (91.89%). Within group 2, no significant differences in short- or long-term outcomes were found between horses with extrasynovial and fresh, minimally contaminated intrasynovial lacerations. For the horses returning to previous use, 80% of horses with septic synovitis and 72.72% of horses with lacerations were performing at the same or higher level at the time of follow-up.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The results of the present study indicated that A-RLP is a safe technique with minimal adverse effects. The IV route presented fewer complications than intraosseous injection. Horses with infection of synovial structures had a lower survival rate than did those with acute, minimally contaminated intrasynovial lacerations. The latter had a similar prognosis for horses with extrasynovial lacerations treated with A-RLP.
Effect of lentil and bean flours on rheological and baking properties of wheat dough
Authors: Kohajdová Zlatica , Karovičová Jolana , Magala Michal
Published: December 2012

The potential of legume flours (lentil and bean) in bakery applications was investigated. The study indicated that legume flours were characterised by high protein (27.30–27.35 mass %) and total dietary fibre (14.91–21.52 mass %), relatively high water holding capacity (4.71–5.42 g g−1), and good emulsifying properties (emulsifying capacity: 32.73–46.96 cm3 per 100 cm3 and emulsion stability: 60.52–90.90 cm3 per 100 cm3). Fine wheat flour was partially substituted with 10 mass %, 20 mass %, and 30 mass % levels of lentil and bean flours in order to study their farinographic characteristics and baking behaviour. The addition of legume flours increased water absorption capacity (from 58.50 mass % to 74.90 mass %) and dough development time (from 3.50 min to 5.50 min), whereas dough stability was reduced (from 6.67 min to 2.30 min). The presence of legume flours in dough negatively affected the physical parameters of baked rolls and resulted in the reduction in volume, specific volume, and cambering. Sensory evaluation showed that the most acceptable baked rolls were obtained when the wheat-legume blend flour containing 10 mass % of legume flour was applied. Higher levels of legume flours in the products adversely affected the shape, crust colour, crumb elasticity, and hardness of the final products.
Educational Researchers and Practicality
Authors: Van Velzen Joke H.
Published: December 2012

In this article, an attempt to identify further directions in research designs that researchers can use to contribute to the relevance of educational research findings, by including teachers’ practicality issues, is presented. Sixty experienced teachers in secondary education read the reporting of modified experimental research findings about an unfamiliar teaching method for promoting students’ conceptual understanding via historical information and filled in open-ended questions that included general opinion, professional judgment, and research interpretation to capture their practicality issues. The teachers’ answers were analyzed to deduce a hierarchy of themes. The results suggest that the teachers’ practicality issues, which included mainly (a) students’ long-term achievement results, (b) the utility of the teaching method, (c) student experiences, and (d) comparison with other teaching methods, can point to a research program that includes teachers’ practicality issues.
ND 803 Spring Wheat Germplasm Combining Resistance to Scab and Leaf Diseases with Good Agronomic and Quality Traits
Authors: Mergoum Mohamed , Frohberg Richard C. , Stack Robert W. , Singh Pawan K. , Adhikari Tika B. , Rasmussen Jack B. , Alamri Mohammed S. , Friesen Timothy L.
Published: December 2012

The development of adapted wheat germplasm is essential so that breeding programs can develop superior cultivars, which was the objective of this research. ND 803 is hard red spring wheat (HRSW; Triticum aestivum L.) line that was developed at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (NDAES). ND 803 (Reg. No. GP‐947, PI 665931 was derived from the ND2831/FO.2808 cross made at NDSU in fall 1997. ND2831 (‘Sumai3’ [PI 481542]/‘Stoa’ [PI 520297]) is a hard red spring experimental line with good resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab [caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe; telomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch] originating from ‘Sumai3’, which is known to possess the Fhb1 quantitative trait locus. Sumai3 is a spring wheat from China that is arguably the most widely used source of resistance to FHB in the world. Stoa is an HRSW cultivar released by NDSU in 1984. FO.2808 (‘Grandin’ [PI 531005]/3/IAS20*4/H567.71//‘Amidon’ [PI 527682]/ND674) is an HRSW line developed by the NDSU HRSW breeding program. Amidon and Grandin are HRSW cultivars released by NDAES in 1988 and 1989, respectively. IAS20*4/H567.71 is a public breeding line received from CIMMYT. ND 803 was produced from a bulk of one purified F5:6 plot selected in 2000 at Prosper, ND. ND 803 was released because it combines good agronomic and end‐use quality with resistance to both FHB and leaf diseases.
A High Step-Down Interleaved Buck Converter with Active-Clamp Circuits for Wind Turbines
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Tao , Shen Chih-Lung
Published: December 2012

In this paper, a high step-down interleaved buck coupled-inductor converter (IBCC) with active-clamp circuits for wind energy conversion has been studied. In high step-down voltage applications, an IBCC can extend duty ratio and reduce voltage stresses on active switches. In order to reduce switching losses of active switches to improve conversion efficiency, a IBCC with soft-switching techniques is usually required. Compared with passive-clamp circuits, the IBCC with active-clamp circuits have lower switching losses and minimum ringing voltage of the active switches. Thus, the proposed IBCC with active-clamp circuits for wind energy conversion can significantly increase conversion efficiency. Finally, a 240 W prototype of the proposed IBCC with active-clamp circuits was built and implemented. Experimental results have shown that efficiency can reach as high as 91%. The proposed IBCC with active-clamp circuits is presented in high step-down voltage applications to verify the performance and the feasibility for energy conversion of wind turbines.
Multi-Component One-Pot Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of 3-Methyl-1,4-diphenyl-7-thioxo-4,6,8,9-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[5,4-b]pyrimidino[5,4-e]pyridine-5-one and Related Derivatives
Authors: El-Emary Talaat , El-Mohsen Shawkat
Published: December 2012

The synthesis of 3-methyl-1,4-diphenyl-7-thioxo-4,6,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[5,4-b] pyrimidino[5,4-e]pyridine-5-one (6) was achieved by two different one-pot multi-component synthesis (one-pot three-component and one-pot four component synthesis). Mono and dialkylation of 6 under different conditions gave compounds 7–11. The hydrazine 12 produced from reaction of 9 with N2H4 was subjected to reactions with some aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, acetyl acetone, ethyl cyanoacetate and triethyl orthoformate to give 13–17, respectively. Compound 12 upon reaction with CS2, nitrous acid, benzoin, chloroacetone and phenacyl bromide gave 18,20,21,22. Alkylation of 18 with ethyl iodide, ethyl chloroacetate and phenacyl bromide gave 19a–c. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of selected derivatives were evaluated.
Investigation into the Effect of Varied Functional Biointerfaces on Silicon Nanowire MOSFETs
Authors: Lin Shu-Ping , Chi Tien-Yin , Lai Tung-Yen , Liu Mao-Chen
Published: December 2012

A biocompatible and functional interface can improve the sensitivity of bioelectronics. Here, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were independently modified on the surface of silicon nanowire metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (NW-MOSFETs). Those SAMs-modified silicon NW-MOSFETs were used to discriminate various pH solutions and further verify which modified regime was capable of providing better electrical signals. The APTMS-SAM modified NW-MOSFETs showed better electrical responses in pH sensing. Biomolecules on APTMS-SAM modified NW-MOSFETs also gave better signals for the corresponding proteind in physiological buffer solutions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) clarified those electrical phenomena and found biomolecules on APTMS-SAM were relatively uniformly modified on NW-MOSFETs. Our results showed that more uniform modification contributed to better signal response to protein interactions in physiological buffer solutions. It suggests that suitable surface modifications could profoundly affect the sensing response and sensitivity.
The impact of multiple biogeographic barriers and hybridization on species‐level differentiation
Authors: Milner Melita L. , Rossetto Maurizio , Crisp Michael D. , Weston Peter H.
Published: December 2012

•Premise of the study:The glacial cycles of the Quaternary did not impact Australia in the same way as Europe and North America. Here we investigate the history of population isolation, species differentiation, and hybridization in the southeastern Australian landscape, using five species ofLomatia(Proteaceae). We use a chloroplast DNA phylogeography to assess chloroplast haplotype (chlorotype) sharing among these species and whether species with shared distributions have been affected by shared biogeographic barriers.

•Methods:We used six chloroplast DNA simple sequence repeats (cpSSR) across five species ofLomatia,sampled across their entire distributional range in southeastern Australia. Resulting size data were combined, presented as a network, and visualized on a map. Biogeographical barriers were tested using AMOVA. To explore hypotheses of chlorotype origin, we converted the network into a cladogram and reconciled with all possible species trees using parsimony‐based tree mapping.

•Key results:Some chlorotypes were shared across multiple species ofLomatiain the study, including between morphologically differentiated species. Chlorotypes were either widespread in distribution or geographically restricted to specific regions. Biogeographical structure was identified across the range ofLomatia. The most parsimonious reconciled tree incorporated horizontal transfer of chlorotypes.

•Conclusions: Lomatiashows evidence of both incomplete lineage sorting and extensive hybridization between co‐occurring species. Although the species in the study appear to have responded to a number of biogeographic barriers to varying degrees, our findings identified the Hunter River Valley as the most important long‐term biogeographic barrier for the genus in southeastern Australia.
Perianal Paget disease treated definitively with radiotherapy
Authors: Mann J. , Lavaf A. , Tejwani A. , Ross P. , Ashamalla H.
Published: December 2012

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a relatively rare cutaneous disorder described as an apocrine gland tumour occurring in both a benign and a malignant form with metastatic potential. The areas of the body affected are the vulva, perianal region, penis, scrotum, perineum, and axilla, all of which contain apocrine glands. When EMPD affects the perianal region, it is called perianal Paget disease (PPD). All forms of EMPD, including PPD, are typically treated by wide surgical excision. Perianal Paget disease usually occurs later in life in patients who are often poor surgical candidates, but the available literature is scarce regarding other treatment modalities, including definitive radiotherapy. We contend that PPD can be safely and effectively treated with radiotherapy, and here, we present the case of a 75-year-old woman with PPD who was successfully so treated. A brief review of the literature concerning the diagnosis, natural history, and treatment of PPD is also included.
Ubiquitin Pathway and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Rao Z. , Ding Y.
Published: December 2012

The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway is a common cellular process in eukaryotic tissue. Ubiquitin binds to proteins and tags them for destruction; this tagging directs proteins to the proteosome in the cell that degrades and recycles unneeded pro-teins. The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proteins with respect to cell cycle control, transcription, apoptosis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and tumour growth. This review article discusses the various ways that the ubiquitin pathway is involved in ovarian cancer, such as modulating the ovarian-cancer-related gene BRCA1 and tumour suppres-sor p53, and interfering with the ERK pathway, the cyclin-dependent cell cycle regulation process, and ERBB2 gene expression.
Diversité des langues et acquisition du langage : espace et temporalité chez l'enfant
Authors: Hickmann Maya
Published: December 2012

La diversité des langues fait l’objet d’un nombre croissant de recherches, qui ont remis à l’ordre du jour d’anciens débats et ouvert de nouvelles perspectives dans l’étude de la relation entre langage et cognition. Cette synthèse propose une revue de questions centrée sur les implications de cette diversité pour l’étude de l’acquisition de la langue maternelle. Elle résume un ensemble de recherches montrant le rôle que jouent certaines propriétés spécifiques des systèmes spatiaux et temporo-aspectuels sur le langage de l’enfant, entraînant des parcours développementaux parfois très différents d’une langue à l’autre, au-delà des similarités qui sont observées entre elles par ailleurs. Ces résultats remettent en question les conclusions antérieures selon lesquelles des concepts universaux, présumés innés ou construits par l’enfant, seraient les seuls déterminants de l’acquisition du langage. Ils ont impulsé une nouvelle génération de recherches expérimentales visant à déterminer si et comment les propriétés spécifiques des langues pourraient avoir un impact plus profond sur la cognition humaine.
Contraintes typologiques dans l'acquisition d'une langue étrangère : l'expression du mouvement chez les apprenants russophones du français
Authors: Iakovleva Tatiana , Hickmann Maya
Published: December 2012

Cette étude examine l’impact des contraintes typologiques sur l’acquisition d’une langue étrangère afin d’explorer l’hypothèse d’un transfert conceptuel de la L1 dans l’acquisition de la LE. En nous appuyant sur la distinction de Talmy entre les langues-V et les langues-S , nous examinons une situation expérimentale contrôlée, où les apprenants du français ainsi que les locuteurs natifs (russophones et francophones) devaient décrire des animations montrant des déplacements volontaires variant selon leurs trajectoires (MONTER, DESCENDRE, TRAVERSER). Les résultats concernant les natifs montrent qu’en français, les verbes expriment souvent la Trajectoire, mais parfois lexicalisent Manière-et-Trajectoire, tandis que le russe utilise des structures -S, -V et « mixte ». Bien que les descriptions des apprenants contiennent des formes idiosyncrasiques, nos résultats montrent peu de transfert de la L1. En outre, les apprenants emploient des expressions en dehors du verbe principal qui ne s’apparentent ni à leur L1, ni à leur L2. La discussion tient compte des facteurs qui interagissent avec les contraintes typologiques en ALE.
Le passé simple, le parfait simple et l'aoriste : français, roumain, valaque et serbe
Authors: Petrović Marijana
Published: December 2012

L’objectif dans cet article est de montrer comment une unité sémantique – l’événement selon la théorie de Desclés & Guentchéva (1997, 2003, 2011) – est développée à travers plusieurs langues ou variétés de langues : le français, le serbe, le roumain et le valaque. L’expression de l’événement est le plus souvent représentée par les formes verbales étiquetées passé simple en français, aoriste en serbe, parfait simple en roumain et valaque. Cette notion, l’événement , est articulée avec les cadres référentiels, deux desquels sont pris en compte (Desclés & Guentchéva 2011). Selon cette analyse, deux groupes linguistiques apparaissent. Le français et le roumain se comportent de la même manière, tandis que le serbe, et deux variétés de daco-roumain, les dialectes olténien et valaque, ont un fonctionnement similaire. Ces conclusions rapportées au contact de langues réorganisent les classifications habituelles faites dans la Sprachbund balkanique.
Sociologie du savoir sur Autrui
Authors: Addi Lahouari
Published: December 2012

Résumé Lahouari Addi, sociologue politique, détecte une ambiguïté dans le discours des auteurs dits postcoloniaux. De quel lieu parlent-ils ? Même s’ils ont soulevé un problème épistémologique crucial pour les sciences sociales, ils continuent à reproduire une hégémonie discursive de la mondialisation occidentalocentrée. À l’exception de l’École indienne des historiens subalternistes, ils s’éloignent de leur objet, c’est-à-dire les sociétés postcoloniales et ne sauraient en aucun cas constituer un projet fondateur des sciences sociales dans le tiers monde. Côté Sud, on voit encore les effets d’un monopole occidental de la production cognitive sur lui-même et les autres. Ces sociétés manquent, sauf exception, d’un champ universitaire élaboré pour produire des connaissances sur elles-mêmes, en rapport avec leurs propres conditions historiques.
Lire L'Échec d'une prophétie
Authors: Favret-Saada Jeanne
Published: December 2012

Résumé L’article étudie L’Échec d’une prophétie sous trois angles successifs : comme dispositif d’énonciation romanesque (c’est un récit) ; dans le contexte de la psychologie sociale des années 1950 et de l’oeuvre de Festinger ; et enfin, dans celui des milieux ufologiques de l’époque, en particulier la vie des trois énonciateurs de la prophétie millénariste après la fin de l’enquête des chercheurs.
La fabrique d'une prophétie eschatologique par la cybernétique : le cas du Projet WebBot
Authors: Calheiros Cécilia
Published: December 2012

Résumé Cet article propose d’analyser l’élaboration d’une prédiction issue d’un logiciel prédictif annonçant la fin du monde pour décembre 2012. S’adressant principalement à un public proche des théories apocalyptiques et des théories dites de la conspiration, les procédés narratifs des concepteurs de ce logiciel visent à générer un système de croyances autour de la capacité d’anticipation de leur système technique hybride. Ainsi, tout en insérant leur prédiction dans un imaginaire eschatologique plus large, ils présentent leurs énoncés prédictifs comme étant le fruit d’un savoir alternatif, reposant sur l’alliance de la science et de la métaphysique.
La prévision économique et ses « erreurs »
Authors: Angeletti Thomas
Published: December 2012

Résumé Autour des années 1980, la recomposition de la prévision économique se manifeste tant dans les institutions en charge de dire l’avenir économique qu’à travers l’ethos professionnel des économistes. Dans les considérations de ces derniers, centrées jusqu’à cette époque sur l’intervention de l’État, la question des effets des énoncés prédictifs est absente. Cette culture descriptive et réaliste, qui implique une séparation entre l’existence des phénomènes et leur mesure, accorde progressivement une place aux effets de boucle et privilégie une approche microéconomique de court terme. Cette période nous permet ainsi de styliser deux conceptions de l’économie et des manières de contenir les inquiétudes sur l’avenir.