bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Toxoplasmic Immunoglobulin G Quantitation Correlates with Immunovirological Parameters of HIV-Infected Cameroonians
Authors: Ka’e Aude Christelle , Sosso Samuel Martin , Fokam Joseph , Simo Rachel Kamgaing , Essama Sara Riwom , Nka Alex Durand , Yagai Bouba , Dzukou Cédric Joël Ninsu , Tchouaket Michel Carlos Tommo , Chenwi Collins , Abba Aissatou , Fainguem Nadine , Zam Marie Krystel Nnomo , Yimga Junie Flore , Colizzi Vittorio , Ndjolo Alexis
Published: September 2020

Background:

Toxoplasmosis is still a neglected common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, who are mainly people living with HIV (PLHIV) in whom reactivation of toxoplasmosis may occur with advanced HIV conditions in resource-limited settings (RLS).

Objective:

The objective was to assess the correlation between anti-toxoplasmic immunoglobulin G (anti-Toxo IgG) concentration and the immuno-virological status of PLHIV.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the year 2018 among 100 PLHIV aged ≥18 years in Yaounde-Cameroon. For each participant, anti-Toxo IgG, CD4-T lymphocytes, and plasma viral load (PVL) were measured using ELISA, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR, respectively.

Results:

Overall, 56% of the participants were seropositive for anti-Toxo IgG, while 33% were negative and 11% were equivocal. All (n=19) those with PVL>1000 copies/mL were seropositive to anti-Toxo IgG versus 52.85% (37/70) with PVL<1000 copies/mL; p<0.0001. Interestingly, all (n=11) those with severe immunodeficiency (T-CD4<200 cells/μL) were positive to anti-Toxo IgG versus 57.69% (45/78) with T-CD4>200 cells/μL; p<0.0001. Most importantly, PVL and anti- Toxo IgG concentration were positively correlated (r = 0.54; p<0.0001), while T-CD4 and anti- Toxo IgG concentration were negatively correlated (r = - 0.70; p<0.0001). Adjusting age, gender, immune status, and virological profile in logistic regression shows that only immune status was independently associated with the serological status of toxoplasmosis (p=0.0004).

Conclusion:

In Cameroon, about half of PLHIV might be seropositive to anti-Toxo IgG, with decreasing immunity appearing as a risk of toxoplasmosis relapse. Thus, in the context of immunodeficiency, routine quantification of anti-Toxo IgG would alleviate the programmatic burden of this opportunistic infection in RLS with the generalized HIV epidemic.
New Formulation and Evaluation of Camptothecin Encapsulated and/or Dispersed Suppository
Authors: Fatmi Sofiane , Taouzinet Lamia , Lahiani-Skiba Malika , Skiba Mohamed , Iguer-Ouada Mokrane
Published: September 2020

Background:

Camptothecin is known for a potent anticancer activity. However, its optimal activity is reduced
due to its low solubility and stability in biological media.

Objective:

The aim of the present study is to design and characterize a Camptothecin (CPT) suppository formulation.

Methods:

Rectal suppositories of camptothecin alone, encapsulated with Cyclodextrin (CD) and in the ternary
system (CPT encapsulated with cyclodextrin and dispersed in Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000) were prepared
using various hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymeric bases as semi-synthetic glyceride (Suppocire® AM Pellets)
and Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs) mixtures. Formulations were evaluated by various parameters like weight
variation, drug content, hardness and liquefaction time. In vitro release study was performed in USP type I apparatus
using phosphate buffer pH 7.2 as dissolution media.

Results:

Suppositories were within the permissible range of all physical parameters. In vitro drug released from
water soluble base (PEG) was greater than that from oil soluble base with ninety percent (90%) of drug dissolution.
It was also established that drug release from various formulations was by diffusion mechanism, according
to the Higuchi’s equation.

Conclusion:

This new formulation offers a new approach to colorectal cancer treatment by offering an alternative and
simple drug administration route.
In Vitro and In Vivo Neutralizing Activity of Uvaria chamae Leaves Fractions on the Venom of Naja nigricollis in Albino Rat and Bovine Blood
Authors: Gabriel Ada , Mohammed Mamman , Magaji Mohammed G. , Ofemile Yusuf P. , Matthew Ameh P. , Akefe Isaac O.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Snakebite envenomation is a global priority ranked top among
other neglected tropical diseases. There is a folkloric claim that Uvaria chamae is beneficial
for the management of snakebite and wounds in African ethnobotanical surveys.
Besides, there are many registered patents asserting the health benefits of U. chamae.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate U. chamae’s potentials and identify candidates
for the development of tools for the treatment and management of N. nigricollis envenomation.

Methods:

Freshly collected U. chamae leaves were air-dried, powdered, and extracted in
methanol. The median lethal dose of the extract was determined and further fractionated
with n-hexane, n-butanol and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was tested for neutralizing effect
against venom-induced haemolytic, fibrinolytic, hemorrhagic, and cytotoxic activities.

Results:

U. chamae fractions significantly (p<0.05) neutralized the haemolytic activity of
N. nigricollis venom in n-butanol; 31.40%, n-hexane; 33%, aqueous residue; 39.60% and
ethyl acetate; 40.70% at the concentration of 100mg/ml of each fraction against 10mg/ml
of the snake venom when compared to the positive control. The fibrinolytic activity of
N. nigricollis venom was significantly (p<0.05) neutralized in n-hexane at 73.88%,
n-butanol; 72.22% and aqueous residue; 72.22% by the fractions of U. chamae. In
addition, haemorrhagic activity of N. nigricollis venom was significantly (p<0.05) neutralized
by U. chamae fractions at the concentrations of 100mg/ml, 200mg/ml and 400mg/ml
except for n-butanol and aqueous residues at 400 mg/ml.

Conclusion:

U. chamae leaves fractions possess a high level of protection against
N. nigricollis venoms-induced lethality and thus validate the pharmacological rationale for
its usage in the management of N. nigricollis envenomation.
The Influence of Second Air-Gap Length on the Performance of 10 kV, 1000 kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Cao Xianghong , Xu Yanan , Sun Junfeng , Qiu Honbo
Published: September 2020

Background:

The influence of the second air-gap length on the performance of permanent
magnet synchronous motor is usually ignored. A comparative analysis is made of line-start
high-voltage permanent magnet synchronous motor in this paper.

Objective:

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of the second air-gap length on the
motor performance.

Methods:

A 10kV 1000kW permanent magnet synchronous motor is taken as an example and the
model is established based on the finite element calculation method when the second air-gap length
is different. The influence of the second air-gap length on the phasor diagram, no-load back electrodynamic
force, starting performance and steady-state operation performance are studied. Based on
the finite element calculation method, the torque angle, current, power factor, external power factor
and d/q-axis current of the motor are analyzed, and the change of the motor phasor diagram is obtained.
The influence of the second air-gap length on the no-load back electrodynamic force is studied.

Results and Conclusion:

The relationship between the no-load back electrodynamic force and the
no-load air-gap fundamental magnetic field is determined, and the influence mechanism of the noload
air-gap fundamental magnetic field on no-load back electrodynamic force is revealed. Furthermore,
the influence of the no-load back electrodynamic force on the starting performance is studied.
Finally, the influence of the second air-gap length on the 10kV 1000kW permanent magnet synchronous
motor steady-state performance is obtained. Based on the above analysis, some references
are given for the design of motor.
Political crisis of the European Union: technocratic thinking and possibilities of a European ethos
Authors: Rocha-Cunha Silvério , Martins Marco António
Published: September 2020

It is important to analyze the dimension of the European crisis that today feels inserted within the framework of the dimension of technocracy and the possibility of a European ethos, taking into account the emerging dilemmas of democracy around the search for European unity and technoscientific development
Practical and Ethical Concerns in Implementing Enhanced Surveillance Methods to Improve Continuity of HIV Care: Qualitative Expert Stakeholder Study
Authors: Buchbinder Mara , Blue Colleen , Rennie Stuart , Juengst Eric , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren , Rosen David L
Published: September 2020

Background

Retention in HIV care is critical to maintaining viral suppression and preventing further transmission, yet less than 50% of people living with HIV in the United States are engaged in care. All US states have a funding mandate to implement Data-to-Care (D2C) programs, which use surveillance data (eg, laboratory, Medicaid billing) to identify out-of-care HIV-positive persons and relink them to treatment.

Objective

The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify and describe practical and ethical considerations that arise in planning for and implementing D2C.

Methods

Via purposive sampling, we recruited 43 expert stakeholders—including ethicists, privacy experts, researchers, public health personnel, HIV medical providers, legal experts, and community advocates—to participate in audio-recorded semistructured interviews to share their perspectives on D2C. Interview transcripts were analyzed across a priori and inductively derived thematic categories.

Results

Stakeholders reported practical and ethical concerns in seven key domains: permission and consent, government assistance versus overreach, privacy and confidentiality, stigma, HIV exceptionalism, criminalization, and data integrity and sharing.

Conclusions

Participants expressed a great deal of support for D2C, yet also stressed the role of public trust and transparency in addressing the practical and ethical concerns they identified.
A Medical Translation Assistant for Non–English-Speaking Caregivers of Children With Special Health Care Needs: Proposal for a Scalable and Interoperable Mobile App
Authors: Sezgin Emre , Noritz Garey , Hoffman Jeffrey , Huang Yungui
Published: September 2020

Background

Communication and comprehension of medical information are known barriers in health communication and equity, especially for non–English-speaking caregivers of children with special health care needs.

Objective

The objective of this proposal was to develop an interoperable and scalable medical translation app for non–English-speaking caregivers to facilitate the conversation between provider and caregiver/patient.

Methods

We employed user-centered and participatory design methods to understand the problems and develop a solution by engaging the stakeholder team (including caregivers, physicians, researchers, clinical informaticists, nurses, developers, nutritionists, pharmacists, and interpreters) and non–English-speaking caregiver participants.

Results

Considering the lack of interpreter service accessibility and advancement in translation technology, our team will develop and test an integrated, multimodal (voice-interactive and text-based) patient portal communication and translation app to enable non–English-speaking caregivers to communicate with providers using their preferred languages. For this initial prototype, we will focus on the Spanish language and Spanish-speaking families to test technical feasibility and evaluate usability.

Conclusions

Our proposal brings a unique perspective to medical translation and communication between caregiver and provider by (1) enabling voice entry and transcription in health care communications, (2) integrating with patient portals to facilitate caregiver and provider communications, and (3) adopting a translation verification model to improve accuracy of artificial intelligence–facilitated translations. Expected outcomes include improved health communications, literacy, and health equity. In addition, data points will be collected to improve autotranslation services in medical communications. We believe our proposed solution is affordable, interoperable, and scalable for health systems.
Practical and Ethical Concerns in Implementing Enhanced Surveillance Methods to Improve Continuity of HIV Care: Qualitative Expert Stakeholder Study (Preprint)
Authors: Buchbinder Mara , Blue Colleen , Rennie Stuart , Juengst Eric , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren , Rosen David L.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Retention in HIV care is critical to maintaining viral suppression and preventing further transmission, yet less than 50% of people living with HIV in the United States are engaged in care. All US states have a funding mandate to implement Data-to-Care (D2C) programs, which use surveillance data (eg, laboratory, Medicaid billing) to identify out-of-care HIV-positive persons and relink them to treatment.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify and describe practical and ethical considerations that arise in planning for and implementing D2C.

METHODS

Via purposive sampling, we recruited 43 expert stakeholders—including ethicists, privacy experts, researchers, public health personnel, HIV medical providers, legal experts, and community advocates—to participate in audio-recorded semistructured interviews to share their perspectives on D2C. Interview transcripts were analyzed across a priori and inductively derived thematic categories.

RESULTS

Stakeholders reported practical and ethical concerns in seven key domains: permission and consent, government assistance versus overreach, privacy and confidentiality, stigma, HIV exceptionalism, criminalization, and data integrity and sharing.

CONCLUSIONS

Participants expressed a great deal of support for D2C, yet also stressed the role of public trust and transparency in addressing the practical and ethical concerns they identified.

CLINICALTRIAL
Development of a Smartphone App to Predict and Improve the Rates of Suicidal Ideation Among Transgender Persons (TransLife): Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Dubov Alex , Fraenkel Liana , Goldstein Zil , Arroyo Hansel , McKellar Derek , Shoptaw Steve
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Transgender people are at a high risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and deaths. Among transgender individuals, 77% and 41% engage in suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in their lifetime, respectively, which exceeds the general population rates (9.2% and 2.7%, respectively). Traditionally, suicide risk factors have been studied over a long period between measurements, making it difficult to understand the short-term variability in suicide risk. Mobile phone apps offer an opportunity to understand the immediate precursors of suicidality through the assessment of behaviors and moods in real time. This is the first study to use a mobile phone app (TransLife) to understand the short-term risk factors for suicide among transgender individuals.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to beta test the usability of an evidence-informed mobile health (mHealth) suicide prevention phone app, TransLife. The primary aims are to obtain preliminary data on user engagement and satisfaction with the app, and to assess the feasibility of completing ecological momentary assessments (mood logs) within the app.

METHODS

We used qualitative methods and an exploratory research approach that combined naturalistic app use, focus groups, and semistructured phone interviews. The focus group was informed about the development of the prototype. We conducted a 3-week evaluation to determine engagement and obtain detailed user feedback about the app. After participation in the pilot, phone-based, semistructured, and audio-recorded exit interviews were conducted with the research participants.

RESULTS

In total, 16 transgender individuals participated in this study. On average, users logged in 4 (SD 2.7) times a week and spent approximately 5 (SD 3.5) minutes on the app per log-in. A total of 6 major themes emerged in this study. These themes focused on the app’s functionality, satisfaction with using the app, perceived ease of use, perceived safety of providing personal data within the app, trusting the app enough to share personal feelings, and features that make this app engaging. These themes suggest that TransLife is an engaging, useful, and acceptable mHealth intervention. Participants reported that the app was easy to use and understand, supported mental self-care, promoted self-awareness, and helped them identify triggers of negative moods.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this pilot study indicate that TransLife is an engaging, acceptable, and potentially effective mHealth intervention. Transgender participants reported many advantages of using TransLife, such as being able to track their mood, connecting to the community, and accessing local resources. This study provides initial support for the acceptability and usability of TransLife as an mHealth intervention designed for the transgender community.
Bispectral Index Alterations and Associations With Autonomic Changes During Hypnosis in Trauma Center Researchers: Formative Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Dunham C Michael , Burger Amanda J , Hileman Barbara M , Chance Elisha A , Hutchinson Amy E
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Previous work performed by our group demonstrated that intermittent reductions in bispectral index (BIS) values were found during neurofeedback following mindfulness instructions. Hypnosis was induced to enhance reductions in BIS values.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess physiologic relaxation and explore its associations with BIS values using autonomic monitoring.

METHODS

Each session consisted of reading a 4-minute baseline neutral script and playing an 18-minute hypnosis tape to 3 researchers involved in the BIS neurofeedback study. In addition to BIS monitoring, autonomic monitoring was performed, and this included measures of electromyography (EMG), skin temperature, skin conductance, respiratory rate, expired carbon dioxide, and heart rate variability. The resulting data were analyzed using two-tailed t tests, correlation analyses, and multivariate linear regression analyses.

RESULTS

We found that hypnosis was associated with reductions in BIS (P<.001), EMG (P<.001), respiratory rate (P<.001), skin conductance (P=.006), and very low frequency power (P=.04); it was also associated with increases in expired carbon dioxide (P<.001), skin temperature (P=.04), high frequency power (P<.001), and successive heart interbeat interval difference (P=.04) values. Decreased BIS values were associated with reduced EMG measures (R=0.76; P<.001), respiratory rate (R=0.35; P=.004), skin conductance (R=0.57; P<.001), and low frequency power (R=0.32; P=.01) and with increased high frequency power (R=−0.53; P<.001), successive heart interbeat interval difference (R=−0.32; P=.009), and heart interbeat interval SD (R=−0.26; P=.04) values.

CONCLUSIONS

Hypnosis appeared to induce mental and physical relaxation, enhance parasympathetic neural activation, and attenuate sympathetic nervous system activity, changes that were associated with BIS values. Findings from this preliminary formative evaluation suggest that the current hypnosis model may be useful for assessing autonomic physiological associations with changes in BIS values, thus motivating us to proceed with a larger investigation in trauma center nurses and physicians.
Allostatic Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Transgender and Gender Expansive Youth: Protocol for a Pilot Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Cohen Mara , Karrington Baer , Trachtman Howard , Salas-Humara Caroline
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

A growing number of adolescents are coming out as transgender and gender expansive (TGE). These teenagers have been shown to have significantly worse health outcomes than their cisgender peers. Hypotheses to explain this discrepancy are based on increased stress levels surrounding the societal acceptance of gender identity. In this context, elevated allostatic load (AL), which describes the wear and tear sustained by the body in response to repeated exposure to stress, has been associated with adverse long-term health outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

This protocol aims to measure AL among TGE adolescents compared with their cisgender peers and assess how AL varies depending on psychological stress and perceived societal acceptance.

METHODS

This is an observational proof-of-concept pilot study in which AL will be measured by assaying an array of inflammatory cytokines and cortisol in urine, saliva, and hair samples of TGE youth, and these parameters will be compared with those of age-matched control participants. A questionnaire will assess 4 aspects of psychosocial well-being: presence and management of depression and anxiety, gender identity support by family members, gender minority stress, and degree of perceived safety in the surrounding community. Samples and surveys will be collected at 3 visits (baseline, 6 months, and 12 months). This study will incorporate TGE coinvestigators to inform all aspects of design, data collection, and analysis and ensure that practices are carried out in a respectful and sensitive manner.

RESULTS

As of May 2021, the start of data collection for this project has continued to be postponed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has both impacted the functioning of the clinic and funding requests. We hope to begin participant recruitment and interviews with coinvestigators soon.

CONCLUSIONS

We hypothesize that AL will be primarily influenced by psychological well-being and perceived support and that it will be similar in TGE adolescents and in age-matched cisgender control participants when acceptance and perceived support are high. The results of this study have the potential to increase our understanding of the health challenges faced by TGE individuals during adolescence as well as to show that low levels of acceptance may have detrimental health outcomes secondary to elevated ALs; this may lead to the development of a biomarker profile to assess allostatic stress in TGE patients that can be used to guide management.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/24100
Correction: Effectiveness of an 8-Week Web-Based Mindfulness Virtual Community Intervention for University Students on Symptoms of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: El Morr Christo , Ritvo Paul , Ahmad Farah , Moineddin Rahim ,   MVC Team
Published: September 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

A student mental health crisis is increasingly acknowledged and will only intensify with the COVID-19 crisis. Given accessibility of methods with demonstrated efficacy in reducing depression and anxiety (eg, mindfulness meditation and cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]) and limitations imposed by geographic obstructions and localized expertise, web-based alternatives have become vehicles for scaled-up delivery of benefits at modest cost. Mindfulness Virtual Community (MVC), a web-based program informed by CBT constructs and featuring online videos, discussion forums, and videoconferencing, was developed to target depression, anxiety, and experiences of excess stress among university students.
Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on mortality in community acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Hui , Liu Ting , Zhang Yongxiang , Ye Zhen , Jia Wei , Li Yuechuan
Published: September 2020

Background:
The aim of the present study was to systematically review the exiting literature and to proceed a meta-analysis to determine the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on mortality in patients with community acquired pneumonia.
Materials & methods:
Eligible studies were searched from PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were used as effect estimates.
Results:
Twenty cohort studies were included. Analysis of unadjusted data revealed nonsignificant short- and long-term mortality associated with COPD. Analysis of adjusted 30-days mortality showed similarly no association between COPD and increased 30-days mortality (OR: 1.06, [0.68, 1.44]) but a positive association when COPD was confirmed spirometrically (OR: 1.84, [1.06, 2.62]).
Conclusion:
There is still no evidence to clear the impact of COPD on mortality in patients with community acquired pneumonia. More prospective studies with spirometrically-defined COPD and adequate adjustment for confounders are needed.
Simple Unequal Allocation Procedure for Ranked Set Sampling with Skew Distributions
Authors: Bhoj Dinesh , Chandra Girish
Published: September 2020

A practical unbalanced Ranked Set Sampling (RSS) model is proposed to estimate the population mean of positively skewed distributions. The gains in the relative precisions of the population mean based on the proposed model for chosen distributions are uniformly higher than those based on balanced RSS and the t-model proposed in Kaur et al. (1997). The relative precisions of the simple unequal allocation model are, with one exception, better than (s, t)-model which is better than t-model. The relative precision of the proposed model is very close or equal to the optimal Neyman allocation model.
Keterampilan Argumentasi Siswa Pada Materi Sistem Gerak SMA Negeri Kabupaten Sukabumi-Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Yunita , Suhendar Suhendar , Ratnasari Jujun
Published: September 2020

The study was conducted to determine the profile of the written argumentation skills of class XI students at SMA Negeri Sukabumi Regency. The method in this study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The subjects were class XI students of SMA Negeri Sukabumi with a total of 36 students, who had followed the motion system material. The instrument used was in the form of problem descriptions to measure students' argumentation skills with 10 questions that referred to the Toulmin Argumentation Pattern (TAP) argumentation skill indicators. The results showed that students' written argumentation skills were still at level 1-2, students at that level could only include claims, data, warrant and backing indicators in their answers. Whereas the refutational indicators (rebuttal) students have not been able to provide answers using refutation or reinforcement, so that the quality of student argumentation in Sukabumi District High School is still low and needs to be trained so that students' written argumentation skills can develop.

Abstrak. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui profil keterampilan argumentasi tertulis siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri Kabupaten Sukabumi. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri Kabupaten Sukabumi dengan jumlah 36 siswa, yang telah mengikuti materi sistem gerak. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa soal uraian untuk mengukur keterampilan argumentasi siswa dengan jumlah 10 soal yang mengacu pada indikator keterampilan argumentasi Toulmin Argumentation Pattern (TAP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan argmentasi tertulis siswa masih berada di level 1-2, siswa pada level tersebut hanya bisa menyertakan indikator klaim (claim), data (data), jaminan (warrant) dan dukungan (backing) dalam jawabannya. Sedangkan pada indikator sanggahan (rebuttal) siswa belum bisa memberikan jawaban dengan menggunakan sanggahan maupun penguatan, sehingga kualitas argumentasi siswa di SMA Negeri Kabupaten Sukabumi masih rendah dan perlu untuk dilatihkan agar keterampilan argumentasi tertulis siswa dapat berkembang.

Kata kunci : Keterampilan argumentasi, sekolah menengah atas, materi sistem gerak
An Alternative Approach to Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity
Authors: Hill Mary S. , Price Richard A. , Ruch George W.
Published: September 2020

SYNOPSIS

In response to a longstanding debate within the accounting profession on how to clearly distinguish liabilities from equity, we offer an alternative liability-equity classification scheme (the “Earned Capital Approach”) in which capital acquired in exchange for issuing claims (“external capital”) is classified as liabilities and capital acquired in exchange for providing goods and services (“earned capital”) is classified as equity. The Earned Capital Approach differs from the approach underlying current financial reporting standards in that it is based on a fundamental distinction between the firm and its claimants rather than a distinction between types of claimants (e.g., owners versus creditors). In this paper, we summarize the accounting profession's ongoing attempts to distinguish liabilities from equity and discuss the conceptual underpinnings and financial reporting implications of the Earned Capital Approach.
The Information Game
Authors: Bowen Robert M. , Jollineau S. Jane , Pfeiffer Glenn M.
Published: September 2020

Students want to know why accounting and auditing are important. The Information Game is a classroom resource that introduces the role of accounting, the value of information, the value of auditing, and the importance of auditor independence in an easy-to-use, fun exercise for the first day of class. Students experience the value of (accounting) information and auditing during the game. The Teaching Notes that accompany this case provide (1) additional commentary on the game, (2) post-game questions, (3) a suggested script, and (4) a summary of concepts, analogies, and takeaways that help students appreciate the importance of accounting and auditing in the global market economy. An anonymous survey of those who have used the Information Game suggests that instructors find the game highly effective and generally easy to use. Instructors tend to occasionally refer back to the game's concepts and takeaways during the remainder of their course.
Psychosocial moderators of the impact of diabetes stigma: results from the second Diabetes MILES – Australia (MILES-2) study
Authors: Holmes-Truscott Elizabeth , Ventura Adriana D , Thuraisingam Sharmala , Pouwer Frans , Speight Jane
Published: September 2020

Objective

To
examine the association between diabetes stigma, psychological, behavioural,
and Hba1c outcomes and to investigate moderation effects of self-esteem,
self-efficacy and/or social support.

Research
Design and Methods

Second
national Diabetes MILES–Australia (MILES-2) survey: adults with type 1 diabetes
(n=959, 41% male; mean±SD age: 44±15 years), insulin-treated (n=487, 60% male;
age: 61±9), and non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes (n=642, 55% male; age:
61±10). (Un)adjusted linear regression analyses tested the association between
diabetes stigma (DSAS) and psychological outcomes (depressive symptoms: PHQ-8;
anxiety symptoms: GAD-7; diabetes-specific distress: PAID), behavioural
outcomes (healthy diet and physical activity: SDSCA), and self-reported HbA1c.
Interaction effects tested whether associations varied by self-esteem (RSE),
self-efficacy (CIDS) and/or diabetes-specific social support (DSS).

Results

Significant
positive associations were observed between DSAS and PHQ-8, GAD-7 and PAID
across diabetes type/treatment groups (all p<.001), whereby each standard
deviation increase in DSAS scores was associated with an approximate half
standard deviation deterioration in emotional well-being. Associations between
DSAS and SDSCA and HbA1c were non-meaningful. Self-esteem moderated
psychological outcomes among participants with type 1 and non-insulin treated
type 2 diabetes, and diabetes distress among those with insulin-treated type 2
diabetes. Interaction effects were partially observed for social support but
not for self-efficacy.

Conclusions

This
study provides evidence of the association between diabetes stigma and
depressive/anxiety symptoms and diabetes distress, and for the moderating
effects of self-esteem and social support, among adults with type 1 and type 2
diabetes. Further research is needed to examine associations with objectively-measured
behavioural and clinical outcomes.
Ensino de estratégias de leitura na sala de aula do 5º e do 8º anos do ensino fundamental
Authors: Diesel Aline , Martins Silvana Neumann , Rehfledt Márcia Jussara Hepp
Published: September 2020

Este estudo buscou conhecer, entre outros aspectos, como as estratégias de leitura são ensinadas na sala de aula. Para a investigação, de cunho qualitativo, foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com duas professoras de Língua Portuguesa do 5º e do 8º anos, vinculadas a uma escola municipal de Ensino Fundamental situada em Marques de Souza/RS. O aporte teórico está fundado em Solé (1998), Kato (1985), entre outros. Como resultados, evidenciou-se que as ações didáticas que, na opinião das professoras, promovem o ensino da leitura são: ‘horas de leitura’, contação de histórias, atividades avaliativas para cobrar as leituras realizadas e a praça literária. Nessas práticas, percebem-se situações significativas, como o estímulo à formulação de hipóteses e à inferenciação. No entanto, tais práticas quase não levavam em conta o ensino de estratégias metacognitivas, pois a maioria de suas ações eram inconscientes, isto é, sem um propósito definido.
Peer Assessments of research Advisors and effects on investments in teaching
Authors: Eckhaus Eyal , Davidovitch Nitza
Published: September 2020

In recent years, research on faculty performance measures has increased. Although peer reviews are an integral part of faculty’s work and require time investment, they are typically not considered in measuring faculty performance. The aim of this research was to investigate associations between evaluations of peers’ performance as research advisors, and teaching perceptions.  We employed Exploratory Factor Analysis, followed by Structural Equation Modeling, to test our model’s goodness-of-fit. Results show that the stronger the satisfaction from assessing peers’ performance as advisors, the greater the perceived significance of teaching. Excellence in teaching also effects teaching perceptions. Furthermore, female faculty members gained more satisfaction from assessing peers than did males. It has been argued that there is no association between teaching and assessing peers’ performance as research advisors. The findings of this study address the literature gap regarding the link between teaching quality and research, by employing the Projection theory.
integrative model for the semantic space of music and a contemporary musical educational process
Authors: Gorbunova Irina Borisovna
Published: September 2020

The advent of computer technology has led to the creation and development of new forms of teaching musical art. The emergence of music computer technologies (MCT) was the basis for creating both new forms in the educational process and new subjects, the appearance of new disciplines and new educational trends in the system of a contemporary musical education. These new subjects, such as “Musical Informatics,” “Computer Music Creative Work,” “Computer Arrangement and Composition, Sound and Timbre Programming,” “Electronic Musical Instruments” and many others, fully reflect the essence of the changes that have occurred in approaches to the study of music art. This article analyzes the possibility of including an integrative model for the semantic space of music, developed with the participation of the prominent cybernetics, scientist Mikhail Borisovich Ignatyev, in a contemporary musical educational process.
Produto educacional podcast para curso técnico da educação profissional e tecnológica
Authors: Ferreira Borges Aurélio , Kochhan Coradini Neirimar Humberto , Nogueira de Moraes Raquel
Published: September 2020

O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a construção e a validade do questionário intitulado Avaliação da Tecnologia Educacional Podcast. Nosso interesse foi apresentar cada passo da análise fatorial e a análise descritiva bem como as vantagens conceituais associadas à utilização do questionário. Foram realizadas as Análises Fatoriais e Descritiva dos dados coletados. Os dados foram obtidos de amostra não probabilística intencional (N = 128) de sujeitos, em uma população de 545 discentes do ensino Técnico em Agropecuária de Instituição Pública de Ensino. A amostra tem distribuição não normal, de acordo com os resultados do teste de Shapiro-Wilk. O questionário de opinião aplicado para a coleta de dados antes do experimento é validado, com taxa de confiabilidade através do alfa de Cronbach, com o valor de 0,903 no pré-teste, indicando assim adequação do instrumento questionário tipo Likert.
Claves heurísticas de la educación inclusiva
Authors: Ocampo González Aldo
Published: September 2020

En este artículo, analizo siete claves heurísticas centrales de la educación inclusiva. Su campo y dominio puede ser entendido en constelación analítica, en ella cada idea es autosuficiente, contienen su propia potencia y efecto en términos de diferenciación del resto de sus recursos constructivos. Las constelaciones se expresan en el orden de lo discontinuo y en el carácter contradictorio que designa su centro crítico a partir de la convergencia de una amplia variedad de recursos epistemológicos/constructivos. En un primer momento, el lector encontrará una reflexión en torno a los dilemas definitorios de la educación inclusiva, asumiendo que esta, en tanto categoría de análisis enfrenta un problema definitorio particular, participa de las relaciones de poder estructurales y de las representaciones culturales que interroga. El trabajo concluye analizando el papel político-alterativo del sintagma, reconoce que es un concepto que nos interpela, nos habla sobre nosotros, sobre nuestra existencia y, singularmente, sobre nuestra vida.
Higher Education in Self-Isolation: A Disaster or a Step Into the Future?
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Borozdina Nadezhda Olegovna
Published: September 2020

The paper examines the situation that has developed in higher education during the transition to online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to consider distance learning from the perspective of social philosophy. One of the main research tasks is to identify the need and effectiveness of moving to remote learning. Using the method of socio-philosophical analysis and modeling, the author comes to the conclusion that a complete transition to remote work is redundant. Universities exist not only for the accumulation and translation of knowledge, but also for the formation of a professional environment that is necessary for future specialists. New challenges should form a fundamentally different approach to the operation of the higher education management system, and not just lead to replacement of learning tools.
Accounting and Loan Committee Social Composition in the Irkutsk Branch of the State Bank in the Late XIX – Early XX Centuries
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Gavrilova Natalya Igorevna
Published: September 2020

The study is devoted to the social composition of the accounting and loan Committee in the Irkutsk branch of the State Bank in the late XIX – early XX century. The author identifies the staff of the Committee of 23 people approved for office during 1895–1917. The class, age, and religious characteristics of the accounting and loan Committee members were determined. The main directions of their business and social activities are established. Typical features and features of the social composition of the Committee are revealed. The author concludes that the social composition of the accounting and loan Committee in the Irkutsk branch of the State Bank was typical for these structures. The management attracted a large commercial-industrial bourgeoisie to work in the Committee. Its core was the first Guild merchant class. However, the active participation of the accounting and loan Committee members in the municipal and public life of the region, in the formation of representative associations of entrepreneurs were the regional specifics of the social composition of this Committee.
The Role of Rural Youth in the Socio-Economic Development of Yakutia Arctic Regions in 1970–80s
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Egorov Pyotr Mikhailovich
Published: September 2020

The study examines the role of rural youth in the socio-economic development of Yakutia Arctic regions in 1970–80s based on statistical archival sources on the history of the Soviet Arctic. In the 1970–80s, a rapid growth in agricultural production took place in Yakutia. The traditional branch of agriculture in most of the Northern regions of Yakutia was reindeer breeding. The proportion of young people in agriculture has grown steadily. However, the work of the reindeer breeder was hard and low-paid, so young people were not interested in working there. They chose to work in industrial enterprises, where there were better working and living conditions and high wages. In the 1970–80s the leadership of the republic, through the committees of the Komsomol, together with interested organizations, took actions to attract secondary school graduates to rural production, improve the working and living conditions of rural youth. They also determined a clear system for educating future farmers.
On the Role of the European Periodicals in the Case of Ye.F. Azef
Authors:   National Research Moscow State University  of Civil Engineering, Panteleyeva Tatyana Leonidovna
Published: September 2020

The subject of the study is a newspaper campaign in 1909, when leading European and Russian publications discussed the exposure of Ye.F. Azef, the head of the Socialist-revolutionary’s Combat Organization, responsible for a series of terrorist attacks. Sensational news that Azef at the same time was an agent of the Russian political police became an informational occasion for sharp criticism of Russia's domestic policy. The purpose of this work is to examine the ways of interaction between the press and government structures on an acute issue that affects not only the internal policy of the state, but also international relations. Press materials, archival documents and memoirs were used as sources. The methodological basis of the work is the principles of historicism, objectivity, reliance on sources and a problem-based approach. The study concluded that the European press played a leading role in the information campaign on the Azef case. The Russian government had to neutralize negative publications, but practical measures were primarily aimed at protecting departmental interests than at a comprehensive investigation of a high-profile political case.
Problems of the History of Italy in the Work of Antonio Gramsci “Prison Notebooks”: From the Renaissance to Fascism
Authors:   Crimean Federal University, Koskova Anna Sergeevna
Published: September 2020

This paper reveals the problems of the historical concept in the main work of the life of Antonio Gramsci, the world-famous Italian сcommunist thinker and Marxist revolutionary. The author of the study examines the historical concept of Gramsci on specific examples from the history of Italy from Ancient Rome to the 30s of the XX century. This paper explores such concepts that are fundamental to the Gramsci concept, such as «passive revolution» and «hegemony». In addition, the author studies Gramsci's interpretation of the historical role of the intelligentsia over the centuries, as well as the features of the Middle ages, Renaissance, Risorgimento, and the genesis of fascism. In the paper, the author focuses on the Gramsci’s interpretation of the figure of N. Machiavelli and the actualization of his treatise, «Sovereign», and its application to modern Gramsci Italian society.
The Problem of Gender in the Concepts of the 1920s in Soviet Russia (by A. Kollontai and S. Kalachov)
Authors:   Far Eastern State Institute of Arts, Mitina Natalya Georgievna
Published: September 2020

The present study considers the attitude to the problem of gender in the projects of the 1920s, related to erotic utopias. This is the concept of A. Kollontai, who represented one of the positions of Marxist theory of gender, and the concept developed by S. Kalachov, which he defined as “eroics”. The results of the research show that both projects are based on the concept of freedom of love and sexual relations, as well as suggest that the revolutionary theory needs a sensual aspect. Both philosophers pay special attention to the issues of physicality and the feeling of love, which, according to them, has the energy of transformation and can change not only a person, but the whole society. The author believes that both utopias reflect the characteristics of the epoch when they were created. The study presents solutions to the problem of gender interrelation and reveals the meaning of love.
The Cultural Life of Besieged Leningrad in V.V. Vishnevsky’s “Diaries of the War Years”
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Institute of Culture, Smirnova Alla Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2020

The paper deals with the cultural life of besieged Leningrad through the prism of the “Diaries of the War Years” by V.V. Vishnevsky. It reveals the social significance of the musical performance “The Sea Spreads Wide” created with Vishnevsky’s active participation and the play “At the Walls of Leningrad”, the main writer’s work about the siege. Of particular interest are the diary entries about the author’s participation in the difficult work on the documentary “Leningrad in the struggle”. The paper characterizes Vishnevsky’s personal perception of various aspects of cultural life in the besieged city, gives his assessment of the events, and describes the stages of the writer’s work on the main wartime plays, the problems of cultural figures, caused not only by the difficult living conditions, but also by the strict control by the party leadership.
“Europe – Russia” Dichotomy and Understanding of Russia’s Cultural Identity in F.I. Tyutchev’s Historiosophy
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Monina Natalia Petrovna
Published: September 2020

The work is based on journalistic research and poetic creations of the representative of the Slavophil direction F.I. Tyutchev. The paper focuses on understanding the problem of the relationship between Europe and Russia in the religious aspect, moreover, these civilizational centers are initially perceived as two components of a single Christian world, as a single historical value. The European beginning is interpreted by Fyodor Tyutchev as a revolutionary one, anti-Christian in its essence. The origin of this is in the fall from Orthodoxy, the reformation, and the Enlightenment. Russia is understood as a state based on Christian principles and moral norms. In this configuration, the conflict between the two principles: revolutionary and Christian – is inevitable. But, according to Fyodor Tyutchev, despite the constant aggression from Europe towards the Orthodox state, history is on Russia's side.
Children’s Play as a Factor of Inculturation and the Formation of Sociocultural Identity
Authors:   Khabarovsk State Institute of Culture, Sheremetyeva Marina Anatolyevna
Published: September 2020

The paper examines children’s playing as a factor in the formation of identity. An attempt to analyze different types of games from the point of their influence on the forming of personal identity and present their interrelation in the form of a three-dimensional model of a game block has been made. As a result, three layers of the game were identified, such as a core layer, which is represented by archaic games, a adjoining layer of the mantle being represented by traditional games and a shell one, represented by modern games. It is shown that all these games can be divided into classes based on the manifestation of normativity or creativity. Moreover, all games (except archaic ones, which are syncretic) can be divided into types according to the prevailing activity (communicative, emotional, intellectual or motional). The way of forming a personal identity through the whole complex of games is also shown in the research.