bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern non-medicinal methods of influence on neuroplasticity in the system of neurorehabilitation (literature review)
Authors: Chernenko Maksym
Published: December 2019

In this article, the authors addressed the impact of non-drug methods on neuroplasticity in the neurorehabilitation system. Multilevel neuroplastic eff ects of electromagnetic fields caused by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are presented. The effects of TMS on neurotransmitters and synaptic plasticity, glial cells and the prevention of neuronal death are examined. The neurotrophic effects of TMS on the growth of dendrites, growth and neurotrophic factors are described. The eff ect of TMS on the genetic apparatus of neuronsis traced. It has been demonstrated that TMS has a proven ability to modulate the internal activity of the brain in a frequency-dependent manner, generate contralateral responses, provide, along with the neuromodulatory and neurostimulating eff ect, influence the brain as a global dynamic system. Key words: neuroplasticity, neurorehabilitation, synaptic plasticity, transcranial magnetic stimulation
Perencanaan Karir Mahasiswa Setelah Wisuda Pascasarjana
Authors: Nasution Helsa
Published: December 2019

Setiap orang pada umumnya memerlukan lapangan kerja untuk bekerja serta hasil dengan pekerjaan yang dijabatnya terutama pada mahasiswa setelah wisuda pascasarjana. Untuk itu, seseorang harus mempersiapkan perencanaan karirnya demi untuk mencapai karir yang sesuai dengan bakat, minat dan kemampuan terutama bidang kejuruannya. Namun, kenyataan dilapangan masih ada mahasiswa setelah wisuda pascasarjana cemas dan khawatir untuk karirnya nanti. Faktor yang mempengaruhi perencanaan karir adalah kemampuan (abilities), minat (interest) dan prestasi (achievement). Penghambat seseorang dalam berkarir ialah tidak mempersiapkan dan perencanaan karirnya serta tidak memanfaatkan kesempatan yang ada. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwasanya perencanaan karir informan yaitu kuliah pascasarjana, PPK (Pendidikan Profesi Konselor), Perencanaan lainnya adalah menjalin relasi, kemampuan  menguasai bahasa Inggris. Kendala informan dalam mewujudkan karirnya ialah keinginan informan untuk berkarir hanya di Provinsi Riau tanah kelahiran informan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwasanya ada hambatan dalam perencanaan karir setelah wisuda pascasarjana dan masih ada kekhawatiran dalam mewujudkan karirnya nanti.
Pengaruh Kebiasaan Mengemukakan Pendapat Teknik Debat Terhadap Perilaku Asertif
Authors: Daulay Annisa Arrumaysa
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of the habit of expressing the debate technique on student assertive behavior. This type of research is experimental research with a pre-test and post-test group design. The subjects of this study were students of class X-10 Man 2 Model Medan, amounting to 18 students who had low assertive behavior determined from the results of the pre-test questionnaire. The instrument used was a questionnaire to collect data about assertive behavior that had previously been tested to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses a different test (t-test). The results showed that there was an influence of the habit of expressing opinions on students' assertive behavior.
ISLAM DAN SOLIDARITAS SOSIAL: PERKEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT ISLAM PERIODE MADINAH
Authors: Yakub Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Solidaritas sosial hanya mampu dibangun dalam konsep kepemimpinan yang matang. Nabi Muhammad sebagai seorang pemimpin mampu menyatukan seluruh elemen masyarakat Madinah dan menjadikan Madinah menjadi kota yang memiliki tatanan sosial yang sangat baik. Ini ditunjukkan dari isi Piagam Madinah yang menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kebersamaan, tanggung jawab sosial, toleransi dan juga sikap saling menghormati. Karakter masyarakat Madinah telah tercipta dengan akhlak yang luhur dan sikap toleransi yang tinggi telah terjaga dengan baik ditengah-tengah masyarakat Madinah yang heterogen dan pluralistik. Tetapi, tidak terlepas juga Rasulullah mendapatkan gangguan baik dari kaum Yahudi, munafik dan kaum kafir Quraisy.  Hijrah telah menjadi tolak ukur awal eksistensi umat Islam dalam menyampaikan pesan-pesan kedamaian dimulai dari kota Madinah.
PERAN PEMBERDAYAAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN WANITA DI DESA SIMATAHARI KECAMATAN KOTA PINANG KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU SELATAN
Authors: Harahap Jam'ah , Rizal Fahrul
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga (PKK) dalam hal pemberdayaan life skill, bagaimana pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga (PKK) dalam hal pembinaan rohani, dan bagaimana pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga (PKK) dalam pemberdayaan kesehatan, serta mengetahui hasil dari pemberdayaan yang telah diterapkan kepada para anggota PKK.  Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian lapangan yaitu peneliti untuk memperoleh data lapangan (data primer)  yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Peneliti ini dilakukan di Desa Simatahari Kecamatan Kota Pinang Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan.  Hasil penelitian yaitu (1) pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga dalam hal pemberdayaan life skill dengan memberikan modal berupa peralatan keterampilan, dan mengadakan pelatihan kepada anggota pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga. (2) pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga dalam hal pembinaan rohani yaitu mengadakan pengajian rutin  dan yasinan akbar. (3) pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga dalam hal pemberdayaan kesehatan yaitu mengadakan posyandu setiap bulannya)
Teaching English military terminology in military classes
Authors: Dariusz Bogusz
Published: December 2019

The article highlights the issue of teaching English military terminology in uniformed classes. It draws the conclusions on conducting authorial military terminology syllabus in one of the schools carrying out the pedagogical innovation, which has assumed patronage of Polish Air Force Academy (PAFA). Military classes gained a huge popularity, having met the youth’s interest in armed for ces they became a key element in national defense education.
Military Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – A Historical Study
Authors: Cyprian Aleksander Kozera
Published: December 2019

The following study is devoted to the phenomenon of unmanned aerial vehicles used throughout known history on the battlefield or for military purposes. The purpose of the following text is to familiarise the reader with an overview with the contemporary and historical employment of the unmanned vehicles on the battlefield. The study also aims to show that the concept of unmanned combat vehicles, also unmanned aerial combat vehicles, is far more ancient than is it is widely known. The article is based on theoretical research methods, mostly multinational academic literature. The author starts with an introduction on the role of limiting soldiers’ fatalities and the concept of removing military men from the battleground. Then, the author presents known examples of using unmanned ships in battles from Thucydides’ times to the invention of the Hell-burner of Antwerp. Further, the case of first unmanned combat aerial vehicle is presented, the bombing balloons from the nineteenth century, followed by a more contemporary study of the military use of unmanned aircrafts. The article is concluded with an analysis of the present employment of drones when they tend to substitute manned aircrafts on various occasions, especially when a mission is deemed “dull, dirty or dangerous”.
Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Fu Zhihua , Ladnorg Tatjana , Gliemann Hartmut , Welle Alexander , Bashir Asif , Rohwerder Michael , Zhang Qiang , Schüpbach Björn , Terfort Andreas , Wöll Christof
Published: December 2019

We present a new approach to study charge transport within 2D layers of organic semi-conductors (OSCs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based lithography applied to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), fabricated from appropriate organothiols. The extent of lateral charge transport was investigated by insulating pre-defined patches within OSC-based SAMs with regions of insulating SAM made from large band gap alkanethiolates. The new method is demonstrated using a phenyl-linked anthracenethiolate (PAT), 4-(anthracene-2-ylethynyl)benzyl thiolate. I–V characteristics of differently shaped PAT-islands were measured using the AFM tip as a top electrode. We were able to determine a relationship between island size and electrical conductivity, and from this dependence, we could obtain information on the lateral charge transport and charge carrier mobility within the thin OSC layers. Our study demonstrates that AFM nanografting of appropriately functionalized OSC molecules provides a suitable method to determine intrinsic mobilities of charge carriers in OSC thin films. In particular, this method is rather insensitive with regard to influence of grain boundaries and other defects, which hamper the application of conventional methods for the determination of mobilities in macroscopic samples.
An Extemporary Pen: The Illusion of Improvisation in
Don Juan
and Other Poems
Authors: Addison Catherine
Published: December 2019

‘Improvisation’ is the process of creating dramatic, musical or poetic works at the time of their performance. But extemporisation is not confined to these arts; it is the mundane rule of human responses to the world, which are marked by imperfection and disfluency. What we specially name ‘improvisation’ normally adds fluency, artistry and a degree of difficulty to an utterance or act. Written poetry such as Byron’s can only
appear
improvised, however in-the-moment it may appear. Opportunities for revision and the hiatus between composition and reception preclude a read poem from the improvised genres. In parts of
Don Juan
, Byron’s narrator affects the disfluencies of spontaneous speech; but these parts do not in fact resemble the productions of the famously fluent Italian
improvvisatori
as much as some other sections of Byron’s poetry. The passages that provide the illusion of improvisation most convincingly are those in which disfluency and self-reflexiveness are at their lowest, artistry appears effortless, and the narrator is apparently swept away by the intensity of his thoughts and passions.
‘[T]o hook my rambling verse on’: Byron’s Rhyme, Improvisation, and Motivation
Authors: Jones Christine Kenyon
Published: December 2019

The focus of this article is Byron’s deployment of rhyme as a component of his improvisational and compositional techniques: especially (in the two-hundredth anniversary year of the publication of the first two cantos of
Don Juan
) his use of
ottava rima
. In particular, it addresses his claim—serious or not—to have relied for his rhymes on ‘Walker’s Lexicon’: John Walker’s 1775
Dictionary of the English Language, Answering at once the Purposes of Rhyming, Spelling and Pronouncing
. Through a close reading of some early drafts of stanzas from Canto I of
Don Juan
(begun in July 1818 and published with Canto II in July 1819), it attempts to reconstruct some of the thought processes Byron may have pursued in originating, building and shaping his verse through rhyme, even while he was also claiming, creating and maintaining a deliberate stylistic effect of spontaneity and immediacy.
Remnants of Subdwarf Helium Donor Stars Ejected from Close Binaries with Thermonuclear Supernovae
Authors: Bauer Evan B. , White Christopher J. , Bildsten Lars
Published: December 2019

Some binary systems composed of a white dwarf (WD) and a hot subdwarf (sdB) helium star will make contact within the helium burning lifetime of the sdB star. The accreted helium on the WD inevitably undergoes a thermonuclear instability, causing a detonation that is expected to transition into the WD core and lead to a thermonuclear supernova (SN) while the donor orbits nearby with high velocity. Motivated by the recent discovery of fast moving objects that occupy unusual locations on the HR diagram, we explore the impact of the thermonuclear SNe on the donors in this specific double detonation scenario. We use MESA to model the binary up to the moment of detonation, then 3D Athena++ to model the hydrodynamic interaction of the SN ejecta with the donor star, calculating the amount of mass that is stripped and the entropy deposited in the deep stellar interior by the strong shock that traverses it. We show that these donor remnants are ejected with velocities primarily set by their orbital speeds: 700–900 km s−1. We model the long-term thermal evolution of remnants by introducing the shock entropy into MESA models. In response to this entropy change, donor remnants expand and brighten for timescales ranging from 106 to 108 yr, giving ample time for these runaway stars to be observed in their inflated state before they leave the galaxy. Even after surface layers are stripped, some donors retain enough mass to resume core helium burning and further delay fading for more than 108 yr.
Precise Mass Determination of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the Most Massive Cluster at z > 1
Authors: Kim Jinhyub , Jee M. James , Perlmutter Saul , Hayden Brian , Rubin David , Huang Xiaosheng , Aldering Greg , Ko Jongwan
Published: December 2019

We present a detailed high-resolution weak-lensing study of SPT-CL J2106-5844 at z = 1.132, claimed to be the most massive system discovered at z > 1 in the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev–Zel’dovich survey. Based on the deep imaging data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope, we find that the cluster mass distribution is asymmetric, composed of a main clump and a subclump ∼640 kpc west thereof. The central clump is further resolved into two smaller northwestern and southeastern substructures separated by ∼150 kpc. We show that this rather complex mass distribution is more consistent with the cluster galaxy distribution than a unimodal distribution as previously presented. The northwestern substructure coincides with the brightest cluster galaxy and the X-ray peak while the southeastern one agrees with the location of the peak in number density. These morphological features and the comparison with the X-ray emission suggest that the cluster might be a merging system. We estimate the virial mass of the cluster to be

, where the second error bar is the systematic uncertainty. Our result confirms that the cluster SPT-CL J2106-5844 is indeed the most massive cluster at z > 1 known to date. We demonstrate the robustness of this mass estimate by performing a number of tests with different assumptions on the centroids, mass–concentration relations, and sample variance.
Physical Characterization of an Unlensed, Dusty Star-forming Galaxy at z = 5.85
Authors: Casey Caitlin M. , Zavala Jorge A. , Aravena Manuel , Béthermin Matthieu , Caputi Karina I. , Champagne Jaclyn B. , Clements David L. , Cunha Elisabete da , Drew Patrick , Finkelstein Steven L. , Hayward Christopher C. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Knudsen Kirsten , Koekemoer Anton M. , Magdis Georgios E. , Man Allison , Manning Sinclaire M. , Scoville Nick Z. , Sheth Kartik , Spilker Justin , Staguhn Johannes , Talia Margherita , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Toft Sune , Treister Ezequiel , Yun Min
Published: December 2019

We present a physical characterization of MM J100026.36+021527.9 (a.k.a. “Mambo-9”), a dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at z = 5.850 ± 0.001. This is the highest-redshift unlensed DSFG (and fourth most distant overall) found to date and is the first source identified in a new 2 mm blank-field map in the COSMOS field. Though identified in prior samples of DSFGs at 850 μm to 1.2 mm with unknown redshift, the detection at 2 mm prompted further follow-up as it indicated a much higher probability that the source was likely to sit at z > 4. Deep observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter and submillimeter Array (ALMA) presented here confirm the redshift through the secure detection of 12CO(J = 6→5) and p-H2O (21,1 → 20,2). Mambo-9 is composed of a pair of galaxies separated by 6 kpc with corresponding star formation rates of 590 M
⊙ yr−1 and 220 M
⊙ yr−1, total molecular hydrogen gas mass of (1.7 ± 0.4) × 1011
M
⊙, dust mass of (1.3 ± 0.3) × 109
M
⊙, and stellar mass of (

) × 109
M
⊙. The total halo mass, (3.3 ± 0.8) × 1012
M
⊙, is predicted to exceed 1015
M
⊙ by z = 0. The system is undergoing a merger-driven starburst that will increase the stellar mass of the system tenfold in τ
depl = 40−80 Myr, converting its large molecular gas reservoir (gas fraction of

) into stars. Mambo-9 evaded firm spectroscopic identification for a decade, following a pattern that has emerged for some of the highest-redshift DSFGs found. And yet, the systematic identification of unlensed DSFGs like Mambo-9 is key to measuring the global contribution of obscured star formation to the star formation rate density at z ≳ 4, the formation of the first massive galaxies, and the formation of interstellar dust at early times (≲1 Gyr).
Living with Neighbors. II. Statistical Analysis of Flybys and Mergers of Dark Matter Halos in Cosmological Simulations
Authors: An Sung-Ho , Kim Juhan , Moon Jun-Sung , Yoon Suk-Jin
Published: December 2019

We present a statistical analysis of the flybys of dark matter halos compared to mergers, using cosmological N-body simulations. We mainly focus on gravitationally interacting target halos with mass of 1010.8–1013.0
h
−1
M
⊙, and their neighbors are counted only when the mass ratio is 1:3–3:1 and the distance is less than the sum of the virial radii of target and neighbor. The neighbors are divided into the flyby or merger samples if the pair’s total energy is greater or smaller, respectively, than the capture criterion with consideration of dynamical friction. The main results are as follows: (a) the flyby fraction increases by up to a factor of 50 with decreasing halo mass and by up to a factor of 400 with increasing large-scale density, while the merger fraction does not show any significant dependencies on these two parameters; (b) the redshift evolution of the flyby fraction is twofold, increasing with redshift at 0 < z < 1 and remaining constant at z > 1, while the merger fraction increases monotonically with redshift at z = 0 ∼ 4; (c) Multiple interactions with two or more neighbors are on average flyby-dominated, and their fraction has a mass and environment dependence similar to that for the flyby fraction; and (d) Given that flybys substantially outnumber mergers toward z = 0 (by a factor of five) and the multiple interactions are flyby-dominated, the flyby’s contribution to galactic evolution is stronger than ever at the present epoch, especially for less massive halos and in the higher density environment. We propose a scenario that connects the evolution of the flyby and merger fractions to the hierarchical structure formation process.
Chiral Effective Field Theory Description of Neutrino Nucleon–Nucleon Bremsstrahlung in Supernova Matter
Authors: Guo Gang , Martínez-Pinedo Gabriel
Published: December 2019

We revisit the rates of neutrino pair emission and absorption from nucleon–nucleon bremsstrahlung in supernova matter using the T-matrix formalism in the long-wavelength limit. Based on two-body potentials of chiral effective field theory (χEFT), we solve the Lippmann–Schwinger equation for the T-matrix including non-diagonal contributions. We consider final-state Pauli blocking and hence our calculations are valid for nucleons with an arbitrary degree of degeneracy. We also explore the in-medium effects on the T-matrix and find that they are relatively small for supernova matter. We compare our results with one-pion exchange rates, commonly used in supernova simulations, and calculations using an effective on-shell diagonal T-matrix from measured phase shifts. We estimate that multiple-scattering effects and correlations due to the random phase approximation introduce small corrections on top of the T-matrix results at subsaturation densities. A numerical table of the structure function is provided that can be used in supernova simulations.
Fine-scale Explosive Energy Release at Sites of Prospective Magnetic Flux Cancellation in the Core of the Solar Active Region Observed by Hi-C 2.1, IRIS, and SDO
Authors: Tiwari Sanjiv K. , Panesar Navdeep K. , Moore Ronald L. , Pontieu Bart De , Winebarger Amy R. , Golub Leon , Savage Sabrina L. , Rachmeler Laurel A. , Kobayashi Ken , Testa Paola , Warren Harry P. , Brooks David H. , Cirtain Jonathan W. , McKenzie David E. , Morton Richard J. , Peter Hardi , Walsh Robert W.
Published: December 2019

The second Hi-C flight (Hi-C 2.1) provided unprecedentedly high spatial and temporal resolution (∼250 km, 4.4 s) coronal EUV images of Fe ix/x emission at 172 Å of AR 12712 on 2018 May 29, during 18:56:21–19:01:56 UT. Three morphologically different types (I: dot-like; II: loop-like; III: surge/jet-like) of fine-scale sudden-brightening events (tiny microflares) are seen within and at the ends of an arch filament system in the core of the AR. Although type Is (not reported before) resemble IRIS bombs (in size, and brightness with respect to surroundings), our dot-like events are apparently much hotter and shorter in span (70 s). We complement the 5 minute duration Hi-C 2.1 data with SDO/HMI magnetograms, SDO/AIA EUV images, and IRIS UV spectra and slit-jaw images to examine, at the sites of these events, brightenings and flows in the transition region and corona and evolution of magnetic flux in the photosphere. Most, if not all, of the events are seated at sites of opposite-polarity magnetic flux convergence (sometimes driven by adjacent flux emergence), implying likely flux cancellation at the microflare’s polarity inversion line. In the IRIS spectra and images, we find confirming evidence of field-aligned outflow from brightenings at the ends of loops of the arch filament system. In types I and II the explosion is confined, while in type III the explosion is ejective and drives jet-like outflow. The light curves from Hi-C, AIA, and IRIS peak nearly simultaneously for many of these events, and none of the events display a systematic cooling sequence as seen in typical coronal flares, suggesting that these tiny brightening events have chromospheric/transition region origin.
Getters in silicon
Authors: Kharchenko Vyacheslav A.
Published: December 2019

Gettering of rapidly diffusing metallic impurities and structural defects in silicon which is the main material for IC fabrication, high-power high-voltage devices and neutron doped silicon has been studied. Structural defect based getters and gas phase getters based on chlorine containing compounds have been analyzed. Formation of structural defect based getters requires producing intrinsic sources of dislocation generation and precipitate/dislocation agglomerate formation. We show that dislocations are generated at microcrack mouths and form a low-mobility dislocation network at inactive wafer sides. In the latter case the defects are generated in the wafer region adjacent to the active layer of the electronic component. The generation of intrinsic getters is based on the decomposition of the supersaturated oxygen solid solution in silicon which favors the formation of a complex defect system in silicon that consists of various precipitate/dislocation agglomerates. Stacking faults also form, i.e., oxide precipitates with Frank’s dislocation loop clouds. Two intrinsic getter formation methods have been considered: one is related to oxygen impurity drain from the wafer surface region and the other implies accurate control of vacancy distribution over wafer thickness. We have analyzed the effect of getters as defect structures on the reduction of the mechanical stress required for dislocation generation onset which may eventually determine the mechanical strength of silicon wafers.

The mechanism of impurity and defect gettering by gas phase medium with chlorine-containing compound additions has been considered. We show that silicon atom interaction with chlorine in the surface wafer region at high temperatures may cause the formation of vacancies which may penetrate to the specimen bulk with some probability. This leads to the case ∆Сv > 0 and ∆Ci ≤ 0, which changes the composition and density of the microdefects. Examples have been given for practical use of heat treatment of silicon wafers in a chlorine-containing atmosphere during oxide film application with the aim to dissolve microdefects, drain rapidly diffusing impurities from crystal bulk and prevent the formation of generation/recombination centers during device fabrication and silicon neutron doping.
Effect of proton doping and heat treatment on the structure of single crystal silicon
Authors: Asadchikov Victor E. , Dyachkova Irina G. , Zolotov Denis A. , Krivonosov Yuri S. , Bublik Vladimir T. , Shikhov Alexander I.
Published: December 2019

The quality and structural perfection of single crystal silicon have been studied using double-crystal X-ray diffraction after hydrogen ion implantation and thermal annealing used in a number of semiconductor technologies. The fundamental difference of this approach is the possibility to rapidly obtain reliable experimental results which were confirmed using X-ray topography. Data have been presented for the condition of the damaged layer in n-type silicon single crystals (r = 100 W × cm) having the (111) orientation and a thickness of 2 mm after proton implantation at energies E = 200, 300 and 100 + 200 + 300 keV and dose D = 2 × 1016 cm-2 and subsequent heat treatment in the T = 100–900 °C range. Using the method of integral characteristics we have revealed a nonmonotonic dependence of the integral characteristics of the damaged layer, i.e., the mean effective thickness Leff and the mean relative deformation Da/a, on the annealing temperature, the maximum deformation being observed for ~300 °C. The results have allowed us to make a general assessment of the damaged layer condition after heat treatment.
The endemic plants of Mozambique: diversity and conservation status
Authors: Darbyshire Iain , Timberlake Jonathan , Osborne Jo , Rokni Saba , Matimele Hermenegildo , Langa Clayton , Datizua Castigo , de Sousa Camila , Alves Tereza , Massingue Alice , Hadj-Hammou Jeneen , Dhanda Sonia , Shah Toral , Wursten Bart
Published: December 2019

An annotated checklist of the 271 strict-endemic taxa (235 species) and 387 near-endemic taxa (337 species) of vascular plants in Mozambique is provided. Together, these taxa constitute c. 9.3% of the total currently known flora of Mozambique and include five strict-endemic genera (Baptorhachis, Emicocarpus, Gyrodoma, Icuria and Micklethwaitia) and two near-endemic genera (Triceratella and Oligophyton). The mean year of first publication of these taxa is 1959, with a marked increase in description noted following the onset of the two major regional floristic programmes, the “Flora of Tropical East Africa” and “Flora Zambesiaca”, and an associated increase in botanical collecting effort. New taxa from Mozambique continue to be described at a significant rate, with 20 novelties described in 2018. Important plant families for endemic and near-endemic taxa include Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae s.s. There is a high congruence between species-rich plant families and endemism with the notable exceptions of the Poaceae, which is the second-most species rich plant family, but outside of the top ten families in terms of endemism, and the Euphorbiaceae, which is the seventh-most species rich plant family, but third in terms of endemism. A wide range of life-forms are represented in the endemic and near-endemic flora, with 49% being herbaceous or having herbaceous forms and 55% being woody or having woody forms. Manica Province is by far the richest locality for near-endemic taxa, highlighting the importance of the cross-border Chimanimani-Nyanga (Manica) Highlands shared with Zimbabwe. A total of 69% of taxa can be assigned to one of four cross-border Centres of Endemism: the Rovuma Centre, the Maputaland Centre sensu lato, and the two mountain blocks, Chimanimani-Nyanga and Mulanje-Namuli-Ribaue. Approximately 50% of taxa have been assessed for their extinction risk and, of these, just over half are globally threatened (57% for strict-endemics), with a further 10% (17% for strict-endemics) currently considered to be Data Deficient, highlighting the urgent need for targeted conservation of Mozambique’s unique flora. This dataset will be a key resource for ongoing efforts to identify “Important Plant Areas – IPAs” in Mozambique, and to promote the conservation and sustainable management of these critical sites and species, thus enabling Mozambique to meet its commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
Les apports de la « psychologie du contrôle » à la recherche en contrôle de gestion
Authors: Ancelin-Bourguignon Annick , Giraud Françoise
Published: December 2019

Cet article recense les concepts de « psychologie du contrôle » qui peuvent expliquer les aspects cognitifs du pouvoir d’agir des managers impliqués dans les processus de contractualisation et d’évaluation des performances du contrôle de gestion, ainsi que les rares travaux de recherche en contrôle de gestion qui ont jusqu’à présent mobilisé ces concepts. Nous montrons comment ces concepts permettent d’enrichir le cadre conceptuel du contrôle de gestion et de tracer de nombreuses nouvelles pistes de recherche dans le domaine.
Discussion du rapport de François Richard
Authors: André Jacques
Published: December 2019

Toute quête de l’origine est menacée par l’aporie et la tentation mythologique, par exemple celle de situer à l’origine du monde un inceste primordial, un Irreprésentable. C’est la critique principale adressée au rapport de François Richard. Quant à la bisexualité, elle reste une abstraction si on l’isole du fantasme (très variable) dans lequel elle est toujours prise.
Langue et (bi)sexualité
Authors: Hinze Hélène
Published: December 2019

Dès l’origine, la (bi)sexualité infantile surcharge les mots de la langue de son énergie érotique hallucinatoire. Cette énergie pulsionnelle entre en conflit avec la langue d’usage qui tente de la contenir et prétend la dompter. À travers trois illustrations : les constructions syntaxiques, la traduction de la Gradiva de Jensen et un exemple clinique, l’auteur examine ces conflits et leurs effets.
Manque de père ou recherche d’une peau d’homme
Authors: Abrevaya Elda
Published: December 2019

La résolution du complexe d’Œdipe est l’aboutissement d’une évolution psychique qui s’inaugure à la naissance et au fondement de laquelle se trouve l’instauration du père imaginaire comme modalité archaïque de la fonction paternelle. L’établissement de cette modalité est conditionné par le désir maternel. Le désir de la mère pour le père crée un vide narcissique offrant les conditions de la constitution subjective et sexuelle.
La fonction générative de la bisexualité
Authors: Dufour Jacques
Published: December 2019

Dans ce texte l’auteur explore le travail analytique sous l’angle de la bisexualité psychique, dont la dualité de l’altérité se substitue à l’unicité phallopatriarcale. Dans l’intrication et les rapports intra et intersexués se révèlent alors un tiers sexuel énigmatique qui dans le travail analytique fait entendre la bisexualité comme scène originaire de la générativité psychique.
Modification corporelle et temporalités de la dissolution du complexe d’Œdipe
Authors: Suchet Dominique
Published: December 2019

Une modification corporelle peut provoquer une satisfaction pulsionnelle porteuse de démixtion délétère, introduire alors une perturbation dans la conflictualité des deux temporalités masculine et féminine de la dissolution œdipienne et compromettre l’intégration de la bisexualité. Elle peut aussi être au principe de son intégration comme, par exemple, la mue adolescente.
Décorporation et perte de la bisexualité commune : lorsque l’enfant paraît
Authors: Suarez-Labat Hélène
Published: December 2019

L’auteure propose un double questionnement : quelles sont les expressions de l’ancrage de la bisexualité de l’enfant qui conduisent à la construction de la différenciation des espaces psychiques ; quels sont les effets chez les parents des mouvements de décorporation de l’enfant du corps maternel vers les identifications paternelles ? Comment les parents aménagent-ils l’économie de la perte d’une bisexualité commune ? Le contre-transfert de l’analyste permet-il de mesurer les effets de cette perte ? Deux vignettes cliniques illustrent ces questions.
Fronteiras instáveis e alianças cambiantes: a ocupação colonial do Guairá e as relações entre Villa Rica del Espiritu Santo e São Paulo de Piratininga entre os séculos XVI e XVII
Authors: Vilardaga José Carlos
Published: December 2019

Este artículo busca situar la ocupación colonial de la región de Guairá, parte de la Provincia de Paraguay y el Río de la Plata, en los debates sobre fronteras, expansión y disputas coloniales en la conformación del espacio platino entre la segunda mitad del siglo XVI y la primera del siglo XVII. El objetivo es comprender la dinámica de la creación de pueblos y ciudades, la instalación de reducciones jesuitas en el mundo guaireño, las relaciones con los indígenas y los intercambios de la región con la América portuguesa, específicamente con el pueblo de São Paulo, analizando el juego de las relaciones entre los diversos agentes entrelazados en ese contexto regional. De esta forma, se quiere romper con una visión singularmente marcada por el conflicto, las rivalidades ibéricas o el vacío geográfico, entendiendo el Guairá entre los siglos XVI y XVII como un espacio dinámico, en el que se articularon grupos indígenas, portugueses, españoles y misioneros en importantes y cambiantes tratos y alianzas.

[pt] Este artigo procura situar a ocupação colonial da região do Guairá, parte da Província do Paraguai e do Rio da Prata, nos debates sobre fronteiras, expansão e disputas coloniais no espaço platino entre a segunda metade o século XVI e a primeira do século XVII. Busca-se compreender a dinâmica de criação de vilas e cidades, a instalação das reduções jesuíticas no mundo guairenho, as relações com os indígenas e os intercâmbios da região com a América portuguesa, especificamente com a vila de São Paulo, analisando o jogo de relações entre os diversos agentes entrelaçados naquele contexto regional. Dessa maneira, quer-se romper com uma visão unicamente marcada pelo conflito, pelas rivalidades ibéricas ou pelo vazio geográfico, entendendo o Guairá entre os séculos XVI e XVII como um espaço dinâmico, no qual articularam-se grupos indígenas, portugueses, espanhóis e missionários em tratos e alianças, em grande parte cambiantes.
Modos de representación y temporalización del orden social en el Tucumán colonial. Un estudio comparativo de cabildos, visitas y juicios de residencia
Authors: Smietniansky Silvina
Published: December 2019

Este artículo examina tres instituciones que integraban la estructura política y jurídica impuesta por la monarquía hispana en las colonias americanas, en el contexto de la gobernación del Tucumán durante los siglos XVII y XVIII. A partir de un enfoque etnográfico, el objetivo consiste en aproximarnos a los modos de temporalizar el orden social que importaban la administración de la jurisdicción política a cargo de los cabildos, la celebración de visitas y de juicios de residencia, y la consecuente producción documental efectuada en cada uno de estos marcos institucionales, cuyos principales protagonistas eran los vecinos y funcionarios locales.
Políticas geo-estratégicas y misionales en el sur de Filipinas: el caso de Mindanao y Joló (siglo XVIII)
Authors: Coello de la Rosa Alexandre
Published: December 2019

Este ensayo analiza las políticas geo-estratégicas y misionales que impulsaron la defensa de las posiciones españolas en el sur de las islas Filipinas. Mientras que los agustinos recoletos, encargados de la evangelización de las islas Calamianes, denunciaron los continuos ataques de los «moros» al rey y al Consejo de Indias, y propusieron alternativas al restablecimiento del presidio de Zamboanga, los jesuitas querían mantener el presidio a toda costa. Pero además, este ensayo presenta la propuesta reformista de Juan Joseph Calvo, SJ, procurador general de la Compañía de Jesús en las cortes de Roma y Madrid, cuyo modelo efectivo de colonización de la isla de Mindanao consistía, por un lado, en desmontar gradualmente el presidio de Guam, en las islas Marianas, trasladando a sus misioneros al sur de Filipinas y, por el otro, proponer un modelo económico de explotación de la canela que, aunque fracasó, pretendía promover su poblamiento y fortalecer la presencia española en la gran isla del sur.
« L’Indépendance, c’est maintenant ! » Réflexion sur le soulèvement populaire en Algérie
Authors: Belakhdar Naoual
Published: December 2019

Depuis le 22 février 2019, l’Algérie assiste à une mobilisation populaire inédite dans son histoire postcoloniale. Des millions d’Algérien.es, genres, classes, âges, et idéologies confondues, sont sorti.es sur l’ensemble du territoire national pour exprimer leur opposition au cinquième mandat d’Abdelaziz Bouteflika et exiger le départ de tout le système. Si le départ du président de la République, le 2 avril, n’a pas amorcé un processus de transition démocratique, c’est au niveau de la société que se sont opérées les transformations les plus notables. Sur la base d’une recherche de terrain effectuée en mars et avril 2019 à Alger, Annaba et Ouargla, constituée d’observations in situ et d’entretiens formels et informels avec notamment des citoyens ordinaires «  devenus révolutionnaires  ». Notre recherche, qui puise dans les apports de la sociologie des mouvements sociaux et s’inscrit dans une perspective processuelle, s’intéresse aux transformations à l’œuvre à un niveau infra-politique institutionnelle. Elle se propose de mener une réflexion sur la généalogie de ce soulèvement populaire, ainsi que son lien avec des mobilisations passées. Pour ce faire, nous avons formulé un certain nombre d’interrogations initiales : comment sont nommés ces événements par les citoyens et citoyennes algériennes ? Quels imaginaires sont véhiculés par les slogans et revendications exprimés lors des différents types de mobilisation ? Quelles transformations ont été déclenchées tant au niveau subjectif que collectif  ? Et, in fine, à quoi assistons-nous ? Faut-il lire ce mouvement populaire uniquement à partir de l’histoire politique algérienne ou alors en tant que moment d’un cycle enclenché par les dynamiques régionales des révolutions arabes de 2011 ?
Politiser le regard sur les marges. Le cas du mouvement « sur la voie 96 » d’Imider
Authors: Kahlaoui Soraya El , Bogaert Koenraad
Published: December 2019

En partant d’une enquête ethnographique au long cours (2014-2017) portant sur le mouvement « sur la voie 96 » d’Imider, cet article interroge les modalités de politisation des communautés marginalisées. Située au sud-est du Maroc, Imider est une petite commune rurale connue pour abriter le plus grand gisement d’argent en Afrique. L’exploitation du gisement minier par le groupe Managem, filiale de la holding royale, fait face à une contestation forte de la part des communautés locales depuis ses débuts dans les années 1970. Ce faisant, c’est à partir de 2011, que les habitants d’Imider se sont organisés autour d’un mouvement « sur la voie 96 » pour revendiquer d’abord, un droit à l’eau, puis, de manière générale, une juste répartition des richesses. Les militants ont occupé le « Mont Alebban » et fermé, durant les neuf dernières années, la principale vanne de la pompe à eau ravitaillant la mine. En partant d’une description des manières dont le mouvement « sur la voie 96 » a réussi à s’imposer dans l’espace public et plus largement dans le champ politique, l’objectif visé par cet article est d’inscrire l’étude des mobilisations des communautés marginalisées dans une analyse politique plus globale. L’hypothèse défendue vise ainsi à montrer en quoi une étude qui prend au sérieux les ressorts politiques des mobilisations des marges peut aider à comprendre le processus de changement et de transformation socio-politiques en cours au Maroc depuis 2011.
Les mobilisations contre le rapport sur les libertés individuelles et l’égalité (COLIBE) : Vers une spécialisation du parti Ennahdha dans l’action partisane ?
Authors: Gana Alia , Sigillò Ester
Published: December 2019

À travers l’analyse des différentes formes de mobilisations contre le rapport de la commission sur les libertés individuelles et l’égalité (COLIBE) organisées par des réseaux liés à la mouvance islamique, cet article propose d’interroger le processus de spécialisation/séparation entre activités partisanes et activités de prédication, entériné par Harakat Ennahdha lors de son dixième congrès, en mai 2016. Présenté par le parti comme une réforme majeure, ce processus de spécialisation conduirait à la transformation d’Ennahdha en un parti civil moderne. Adoptant une perspective relationnelle et interactionniste, l’article examine, à lumière des mobilisations contre le rapport de la COLIBE, comment s’opère, dans le cadre du processus de spécialisation, la réorganisation des rapports entre le parti et les réseaux d’associations à référent religieux et se renégocient les liens et les frontières entre politique et religieux. L’analyse fait ressortir une dynamique de reconfiguration par le bas d’un réseau à référent islamique qui prend ses distances formelles par rapport au parti Ennahdha. Celle-ci tend en fait à recréer une unité par le bas de la mouvance islamique, en coordination avec le processus de spécialisation d’Ennahdha, et dans une logique qui s’apparente à une division de compétences. Plutôt qu’à une séparation effective des deux sphères d’action, le processus de spécialisation semble contribuer à un brouillage des frontières entre le politique et le religieux.
Panorama des études philippines en Europe
Authors: Clavé Elsa
Published: December 2019

Les études sur les Philippines semblent bénéficier, ces dernières années, d’un nouvel élan en Europe. L’article brosse un tableau de la recherche européenne sur l’archipel ces quinze dernières années et identifie trois tendances dans les études : celle qui privilégie un cadre d’analyse austronésien ou malais, celle qui découle des études hispano-américaines et celle qui résulte d’une approche plus disciplinaire des Philippines, avec un appareil théorique important, appliqué ou testé sur le terrain philippin. Ce tour d’horizon permet d’identifier les directions de la recherche actuelle, d’en cerner les principaux centres mais également de souligner les possibles contradictions de ce champ d’études qui attire un nombre croissant de chercheurs et d’étudiants en Europe.
Lettres de Prague : Mélodrame et politique
Authors: Chambert-Loir Henri
Published: December 2019

1965 et le cinéma - Ce dossier rend compte de trois parmi les films, indonésiens ou étrangers, qui ont un rapport avec les événements de 1965 et leurs conséquences. Nous espérons poursuivre ce panorama dans le prochain numéro.Le premier article, de Stéphane Roland, « Sept ans plus tard, quel bilan pour le film The Act of Killing ? », traite du premier film documentaire de Joshua Oppenheimer. En 2012, ce film révéla une terrible vision de l’héritage contemporain du régime de Soeharto. Le film connut un tel retentissement dans la communauté des victimes et à l’international qu’il reste pertinent aujourd’hui de s’interroger sur la démarche de cet objet singulier, ainsi que sur son impact. Le deuxième article, de Jean-Michel Marlaud, « Le Soliloque des muets , un film de Stéphane Roland », recense le film que le documentariste français a consacré aux victimes des événements, essentiellement constitué d’interviews d’anciens prisonniers et de vues du Tribunal populaire international 1965 qui s’est tenu à La Haye, en 2015. Le troisième article, d’Henri Chambert-Loir, « Lettres de Prague : mélodrame et politique », analyse la façon dont le film Surat dari Praha d’Angga Dwimas Sasongko (2016), qui raconte avant tout une histoire d’amour malheureuse, a pour but de montrer à la jeune génération indonésienne l’injustice dont ont été victimes les nationalistes indonésiens qui se retrouvèrent exilés après 1965, mais exclut de cette « réhabilitation » les communistes, qui demeurent ainsi au ban de l’histoire.
The particle pun in modern Indonesian and Malaysian
Authors: Chambert-Loir Henri
Published: December 2019

The particle pun in modern Indonesian and Malaysian receives a minimalist treatment in grammars and handbooks. The common view is that pun marks the subject of a clause and gives it emphasis. The role of pun, in fact, is much more complex. This article describes the word categories with which pun can be combined, the syntactic functions of pun (including the modifying of predicates and objects, as well as acting as conjunction between clauses), and the variety of meanings that pun and its derivatives (some 25 of them: adapun, andaipun, ... sungguhpun) give the discourse, that is, comparison, temporal sequence, indefiniteness, and concession. The corpus of texts that has been used encompasses the main idioms used, mainly in written form, in Indonesia and Malaysia from the early 20th century to the early 21st.
Technosciences et enjeux environnementaux
Authors: Makanga Blanchard
Published: December 2019

Les technosciences conçues sous les aspects d’un triptyque Sciences-Technique-Technologie représentent un potentiel de savoir et d’action incommensurable pour les sociétés contemporaines. Elles sont devenues un enjeu, un moyen d’existence, et un instrument de maîtrise de l’action pour l’accès à une connaissance rationnelle de la nature. Il est temps de les orienter vers une coproduction circulaire en recadrant l’agir humain
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Enhances Self-Replication via AP-1–Dependent Induction of SOCS1
Authors: Luo Xuegang , Chen Xin-xin , Qiao Songlin , Li Rui , Xie Sha , Zhou Xinyu , Deng Ruiguang , Zhou En-min , Zhang Gaiping
Published: December 2019

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused tremendous economic losses in the swine industry since its emergence in the late 1980s. PRRSV exploits various strategies to evade immune responses and establish chronic persistent infections. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1, a member of the SOCS family, is a crucial intracellular negative regulator of innate immunity. In this study, it was shown that SOCS1 can be co-opted by PRRSV to evade host immune responses, facilitating viral replication. It was observed that PRRSV induced SOCS1 production in porcine alveolar macrophages, monkey-derived Marc-145 cells, and porcine-derived CRL2843-CD163 cells. SOCS1 inhibited the expression of IFN-β and IFN-stimulated genes, thereby markedly enhancing PRRSV replication. It was observed that the PRRSV N protein has the ability to upregulate SOCS1 production and that nuclear localization signal–2 (NLS-2) is essential for SOCS1 induction. Moreover, SOCS1 upregulation was dependent on p38/AP-1 and JNK/AP-1 signaling pathways rather than classical type I IFN signaling pathways. In summary, to our knowledge, the findings of this study uncovered the molecular mechanism that underlay SOCS1 induction during PRRSV infection, providing new insights into viral immune evasion and persistent infection.