bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: An Easy Access to Unsymmetrical Ureas: A Photocatalytic Approach to the Lossen Rearrangement.
Authors: Yadav Arvind K. , Srivastava Vishnu P. , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: January 2015

The approach involves the in‐situ visible‐light‐initiated formation of Vilsmeier‐Haack reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Arylureas in Water and Their N‐Arylation with Aryl Halides Using Copper Nanoparticles Loaded on Natural Natrolite Zeolite under Ligand‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Nasrollahzadeh Mahmoud , Enayati Mojtaba , Khalaj Mehdi
Published: January 2015

The catalyst is recycled and reused in four additional catalytic cycles without loss of efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Electron Transmetalation in Organoboron Cross‐Coupling by Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis.
Authors: Tellis John C. , Primer David N. , Molander Gary A.
Published: January 2015

Application of an iridium photoredox catalyst IPC in combination with a nickel catalyst effects the cross‐coupling of potassium alkoxyalkyl‐ and benzyltrifluoroborates with various aryl bromides under exceptionally mild conditions (visible light, ambient temperature, no strong base).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Epoxidation of Cycloaliphatic Alkenes with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by [PO4{WO(O2)2}4] 3‐/Imidazole.
Authors: Kamata Keigo , Sugahara Kosei , Ishimoto Ryo , Nojima Susumu , Okazaki Motoya , Matsumoto Takaya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: January 2015

The title catalytic system exhibits high activity and selectivity for the epoxidation of alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium‐Iodoxybenzoate Mediated Highly Chemoselective Aziridination of Olefins.
Authors: Bakthavachalam Ananthan , Chuang Hui‐Chun , Yan Tu‐Hsin
Published: January 2015

Sodium 2‐iodoxybenzoate as a highly specific oxidant for N‐aminophthalimide (II) is utilized for the first time to generate a highly chemoselective aziridination reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Studies of a Series of 1,1‐Bis(heteroaryl)alkane Derivatives.
Authors: Jaratjaroonphong Jaray , Tuengpanya Surisa , Saeeng Rungnapha , Udompong Sarinporn , Srisook Klaokwan
Published: January 2015

A variety of 1,1‐bis(hetaryl)alkane derivatives are synthesized by iodine‐catalyzed double Friedel—Crafts reaction of hetarenes with aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3‐Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of Di(5‐methylfuran/thiophen‐2‐yl)isatin Analogues.
Authors: Swetha A. , Kumar G. Santosh , Kumar A. Sanjeeva , Meshram H. M.
Published: January 2015

The facile protocol allows the synthesis of the title compounds from isatin or isatinimine derivatives and 2‐methylfuran or 2‐methylthiophene regioselectively at 3‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Assisted ortho‐Tetra‐acetoxylation of 1,3‐Diarylpyrazoles and 1,3‐Diarylindazoles.
Authors: Kim Se Hee , Lee Sangku , Yu Jin , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: January 2015

The palladium catalyzed reaction of 1,3‐diaryl substituted heterocycles (I) and (IV) with diacetoxyiodobenzene provides the corresponding ortho tetra acetoxylated derivatives (III) regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Aryl Imidazoles Catalyzed by Copper Nanoparticles on Nanosized Silica‐Coated Maghemite.
Authors: Nador Fabiana , Volpe Maria Alicia , Alonso Francisco , Radivoy Gabriel
Published: January 2015

Aryl chlorides are almost unreactive under the investigated conditions allowing the selective monoarylation of chloroiodobenzene.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemically Promoted Synthesis of Polysubstituted Oxazoles from β‐Diketone Derivatives and Benzylamines under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Yuan Gaoqing , Zhu Zechen , Gao Xiaofang , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: January 2015

The key‐step for the reaction is the formation of molecular iodine in situ.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhancement of Neighbouring‐Group Participation in Cu0‐Promoted Cross‐Coupling gem‐Difluoromethylenation of Aryl/Alkenyl Halides with 1,3‐Azolic Difluoromethyl Bromides.
Authors: Jiang Haizhen , et al. et al.
Published: January 2015

Two sets of slightly different reaction conditions are developed for the cross‐coupling of chelating and non‐chelating aryl halides with 2‐bromodifluoromethyl‐1,3‐oxazoline to give the corresponding bis‐arylated difluoromethane derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Distal‐Selective Hydroformylation Using Scaffolding Catalysis.
Authors: Joe Candice L. , Blaisdell Thomas P. , Geoghan Allison F. , Tan Kian L.
Published: January 2015

The novel catalytic directing group (CDG) operates by means of a reversible covalent bond to the substrate and promotes aldehyde formation on the carbon distal to the directing functionality.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Benzopyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazol‐3‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Chen Pei , Li Yan , Chen Xinbing , An Zhongwei , Xu Yiwei , He Xiaojun
Published: January 2015

This microwave‐assisted synthesis gives higher yields than a conventional heating procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Reactions, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of 2,3′‐Bipyridine Derivatives (III).
Authors: Attaby Fawzy A. , Abdel‐Fattah Azza M. , Shaif Labeeb M. , Elsayed Mohamed M.
Published: January 2015

This describes the syntheses of a series of target compounds (V) and (VI) (selected examples shown).
ChemInform Abstract: Improved and Efficient Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3‐d]pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐6(3H)‐ones and Their Fluorescence Properties.
Authors: Liu Xue‐Cheng , Lin Wei , Wang Hui‐Yan , Huang Zhi‐Bin , Shi Da‐Qing
Published: January 2015

The luminescence and fluorescence quantum yields of the products are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to Diverse α‐Carbolines Through Sequential Transition Metal Catalyzed Amination and Direct C—H Arylation.
Authors: Mineno Masahiro , Sera Misayo , Ueda Tsuyoshi , Mizuno Masahiro , Yamano Mitsuhisa , Mizufune Hideya , Zanka Atsuhiko
Published: January 2015

Pd‐catalyzed amination of iodoarenes with aminopyridine (I) followed by intramolecular C‐H arylation in the presence of DBU as base and 2‐(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl as catalyst offers a practical synthetic route to α‐carbolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Yb Modified NaY Zeolite: A Recyclable and Efficient Catalyst for Quinoxaline Synthesis.
Authors: Fan Li‐Yan , Wei Lin , Hua Wen‐Jun , Li Xiang‐Xiong
Published: January 2015

via condensation of α‐hydroxyketones with o‐phenylenediamines
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Facile and General Method for the Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐3‐Arylidene‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazines and Their Naphthoxazine Analogues.
Authors: Brahma Kaushik , Das Bimolendu , Chowdhury Chinmay
Published: January 2015

The reaction provides moderate to very good yield of the products at room temperature within few hours and tolerates various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐6‐(2‐Oxo‐1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐indol‐3‐ylidene) ‐3,3a,9,9a‐tetrahydroimidazo[4,5‐e]thiazolo [3,2‐b]‐1,2,4‐triazin‐2,7(1H,6H)‐diones.
Authors: Gazieva Galina A. , Shishkova Ekaterina A. , Kulikova Ludmila B. , Kolotyrkina Natal'ya G. , Sigay Natal'ya V. , Kravchenko Angelina N.
Published: January 2015

Aldol‐crotonic condensation of compounds (I) with isatin derivatives [(II) or (IV), resp.] is accomplished according to recently reported procedure under acidic catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven New Sesquiterpenoids from the Fruits of Schisandra sphenanthera.
Authors: Shen Ya‐Ching , et al. et al.
Published: January 2015

Schiscupatetralin A (I), one of the new sesquiterpenoids, possesses an unprecedented structure with a C‐C bond between cuparenol and tetralin.
ChemInform Abstract: Tigliane Diterpene Esters from the Leaves of Croton tiglium
Authors: Ren Feng‐Xia , Ren Feng‐Zhi , Yang Yu , Yu Neng‐Jiang , Zhang Yang , Zhao Yi‐Min
Published: January 2015

isolation and structure determination of three new tigliane‐type diterpene esters (I) and (II) with unusual 7‐oxo‐5‐ene or 7‐hydroxy‐5‐ene moieties in the skeleton
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Oplopane Sesquiterpenes from Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm.
Authors: Zeng Wen‐Zhi , Quesheng Wen‐Zhi , Zhang Qing‐Ying , Liang Hong
Published: January 2015

isolation and structure determination of gmelinin A (Ia) and gmelinin B (Ib)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Applications of Angular Acyl‐Substituted Azulenones: Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Acorenol and Facile Access to the Hydroazulene Core of Pseudolaric Acid.
Authors: Yue Xiao‐Dong , Chen Li , Li Wei‐Dong Z.
Published: January 2015

Acyl substituted azulenones (IV) and (IX) are prepared by sequential reaction of arylacetophenones with acetylenes (II) and methanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Steroids from the Cold Water Starfish Ctenodiscus crispatus with Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Glioblastoma Cells.
Authors: Quang Tran Hong , Lee Dong‐Sung , Han Se Jong , Kim Il Chan , Yim Joung Han , Kim Youn‐Chul , Oh Hyuncheol
Published: January 2015

Five known steroids, including three sulfated steroids, are isolated from the cold water starfish C.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Wittig Reaction with Sugar Derivatives: Exclusive Formation of a 4‐Deoxy Analogue of α‐Galactosyl Ceramide.
Authors: Sawant Ratnnadeep C. , Lih Yu‐Hsuan , Yang Shih‐An , Yeh Chun‐Hong , Tai Hung‐Ju , Huang Chung‐Li , Lin Hua‐Shuan , Badsara Satpal Singh , Luo Shun‐Yuan
Published: January 2015

The method is applied to the synthesis of the α‐galaytosyl ceramide analogue (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael/Aldol Sequence: Anticancer Natural Product (+)‐trans‐Dihydrolycoricidine.
Authors: McNulty James , Zepeda‐Velazquez Carlos
Published: January 2015

Starting with an organocatalyzed Michael/aldol reaction sequence of the cinnamic aldehyde (I) with α‐azidoacetone a nine‐step total synthesis of the anticancer natural product (IV) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylglycol Metabolites from Cultures of the Basidiomycete Mycena pruinosoviscida BCC 22723.
Authors: Isaka Masahiko , Chinthanom Panida , Sappan Malipan , Supothina Sumalee , Boonpratuang Thitiya
Published: January 2015

isolation, structure elucidation, and absolute configuration of mycenadiols A‐D
ChemInform Abstract: New Isocoumarins from a Cold‐Adapted Fungal Strain Mucor sp. and Their Developmental Toxicity to Zebrafish Embryos.
Authors: Feng Chun‐Chi , Chen Guo‐Dong , Zhao Yan‐Qiu , Xin Sheng‐Chang , Li Song , Tang Jin‐Shan , Li Xiao‐Xia , Hu Dan , Liu Xing‐Zhong , Gao Hao
Published: January 2015

Three new isocoumarin derivatives, mucorisocoumarins A‐C, are isolated along with seven known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Metallic Thin Films
Authors: Thomson T.
Published: January 2015

Review: 301 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Disorder—Order Transformations in Metallic Films
Authors: Barmak K.
Published: January 2015

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiferromagnetism and Its Origin in Iron‐Based Superconductors (Review Article)
Authors: Ding Ming‐Cui , Lin Hai‐Qing , Zhang Yu‐Zhong
Published: January 2015

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Catalytically Active Octahedral Metal Halide Cluster Complexes
Authors: Kamiguchi Satoshi , Nagashima Sayoko , Teiji Chihara Teiji Chihara
Published: January 2015

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Oxide. From Dilute Magnetic Doping to Spin Transport
Authors: Opel Matthias , Goennenwein Sebastian T. B. , Althammer Matthias , Nielsen Karl‐Wilhelm , Karrer‐Mueller Eva‐Maria , Bauer Sebastian , Senn Konrad , Schwark Christoph , Weier Christian , Guentherodt Gernot , et al. et al.
Published: January 2015

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Part II: Nitroalkenes in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Halimehjani Azim Ziyaei , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. , Hooshmand Seyyed Emad
Published: January 2015

Review: [144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselectivity of Metal‐Catalyzed Cyclizations of 1,6‐Dienes
Authors: Aissa Christophe
Published: January 2015

Review: [28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkynyl Silyl Sulfides as Versatile Thioketene Equivalents
Authors: Spanka Carsten , Schaumann Ernst
Published: January 2015

Review: [53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: When Gold Meets Chiral Broensted Acid Catalysts: Extending the Boundaries of Enantioselective Gold Catalysis
Authors: Inamdar Suleman M. , Konala Ashok , Patil Nitin T.
Published: January 2015

Review: 47 refs.+ subrefs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum Pentachloride. A Multifaceted Reagent for Efficient Coupling of Aromatics
Authors: Trosien S. , Waldvogel S. R.
Published: January 2015

Review: 8 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Amination of Alkenes with Amines, Using Molecular Oxygen as Terminal Oxidant
Authors: Obora Yasushi , Ishii Yasutaka
Published: January 2015

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate and Heparin
Authors: Liu Jian , Linhardt Robert J.
Published: January 2015

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Transformation of Polysaccharides via Multi‐Catalytic Processes
Authors: Li Hu , Bhadury Pinaki S. , Riisager Anders , Yang Song
Published: January 2015

Review: 373 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Heterocyclic Hydroxylamine‐O‐sulfonates
Authors: Saczewski Jaroslaw , Korcz Martyna
Published: January 2015

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis and Functionalization of Cyclobutanes and Cyclobutanones
Authors: Secci Francesco , Frongia Angelo , Piras Pier Paolo
Published: January 2015

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Copper‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination
Authors: Yan Xiaoyu , Yang Xianghua , Xi Chanjuan
Published: January 2015

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoroform as a Feedstock for High‐Value Fluorochemicals: Novel Trends and Recent Developments
Authors: Grushin Vladimir V.
Published: January 2015

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Direct β‐Functionalization of Simple Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Yan Guobing , Borah Arun Jyoti
Published: January 2015

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Amides
Authors: Schafer Gabriel , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: January 2015

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Pyrophosphorylation Methods and Their Use in Chemical Biology
Authors: Yates Lisa M , Marmelstein Alan M , Fiedler Dorothea
Published: January 2015

Review: [44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Research Progress on Magnetic Nanocomposites with Silica Shell Structures Preparation and Nanotheranostic Applications
Authors: Ding Hualin L. , Zhang Yunxia X. , Li Guanghai H.
Published: January 2015

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Membranes Containing Inorganic Nanoparticles
Authors: Yaroslavtsev Andrei B. , Yampolskii Yuri P.
Published: January 2015

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Food Wastes Conversion to Products for Use in Chemical and Environmental Technology, Material Science and Agriculture
Authors: Montoneri Enzo , Prevot Alessandra Bianco , Avetta Paola , Arques Antonio , Carlos Luciano , Magnacca Giuliana , Laurenti Enzo , Tabasso Silvia
Published: January 2015

Review: 108 refs.
Clinical outcome in patients with peripherally‐sited atypical lipomatous tumours and dedifferentiated liposarcoma
Authors: Kalimuthu Sangeetha N , Tilley Charles , Forbes Georgina , Ye Hongtao , Lehovsky Katie , Pillay Nischalan , Seddon Beatrice M , O'Donnell Paul , Pollock Robin , Tirabosco Roberto , Amary M Fernanda , Flanagan Adrienne M.
Published: January 2015

The reported incidence of local recurrence of peripheral atypical lipomatous tumours is highly variable and is likely to reflect the different inclusion criteria of cases, and the design of previous studies. We aimed to study the incidence of local recurrence of 90 cases of atypical lipomatous tumours and an additional 18 cases of de novo dedifferentiated liposarcoma. All tumours were diagnosed on the basis of MDM2 amplification: all patients had their first treatment in the same specialist sarcoma unit and were followed for a minimum of 60 months. The tumours were diagnosed between 1997 and 2009 and followed until the end of 2014. Seventy cases (78%) of atypical lipomatous tumours were located in the thigh (mean size 195 mm on presentation). Eight atypical lipomatous tumours (8.9%) recurred locally, of which 50% recurred after 60 months. The only two tumours with intralesional excisions recurred. Seven of the eight recurrent tumours were detected by the patient by self‐examination. One case recurred a second time as a dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Seventeen per cent of the de novo dedifferentiated liposarcomas recurred within 60 months of presentation. Extending the study period revealed that atypical lipomatous tumour could recur up to 40 years after the first surgery. Furthermore, of 26 tumours that recurred in the extended study, 27% recurred more than once, and three of the seven that recurred more than once transformed into a dedifferentiated liposarcoma. We recommend that, following post‐operative wound care, patients with atypical lipomatous tumour are referred back to their general practitioner for follow up, but that in the event of a suspected recurrence they have rapid access back to the specialist unit using a ‘supported discharge’ scheme. In the event of an intralesional excision and if a lesion recurs, patients are followed in a specialist unit at regular intervals: whether MRI scanning is a valuable means of monitoring such patients is unclear and requires an evidence base
Cytomorphologic features that distinguish schwannoma from other low‐grade spindle cell lesions
Authors: Chebib Ivan , Hornicek Francis J. , Nielsen G. Petur , Deshpande Vikram
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of spindled mesenchymal lesions, including schwannomas, are challenging because of overlapping cytomorphological features. The objective of the current study was to identify key diagnostic cytological criteria for the diagnosis of schwannoma and to distinguish it from its common mimics.

METHODS

A total of 58 schwannomas were evaluated and compared with 98 benign and low‐grade spindle cell lesions, including 17 gastrointestinal stromal tumors and 20 fibromatosis cases. Biopsy confirmation was available for all cases. The authors semiquantitatively evaluated cellularity, quality of stroma (fibrous and fibrillar), the presence of single cells with bipolar cytoplasmic processes, and marked nuclear pleomorphism (in the absence of other features of malignancy). Nuclear features evaluated included fishhook‐type nuclei, intranuclear inclusions, chromatin pattern, and nucleoli.

RESULTS

Schwannomas demonstrated cohesive tissue fragments with fibrillary and occasionally fibrous stroma. The presence of intranuclear inclusions and marked nuclear pleomorphism and the absence of single cells with bipolar cytoplasmic processes emerged as statistically significant differences between the schwannoma and the nonschwannoma groups. When 5 criteria were present (high numbers of clusters, few to no single cells, fibrillary stroma, nuclei with pointed tips, and anisonucleosis) the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of schwannoma were 22%, 97%, 81%, and 68%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Cohesive tissue fragments with fibrillary/fibrous stroma, intranuclear inclusions, marked nuclear pleomorphism, and the absence of spindled cells with bipolar cytoplasmic processes are strongly suggestive of schwannoma and assist in excluding potential mimics. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015. © 2015 American Cancer Society. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:171–179. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
ZnO‐Coated Carbon Nanotubes: Inter‐Diffusion of Carboxyl Groups and Enhanced Photocurrent Generation
Authors: Hung Chia‐I , Wen Hua‐Chiang , Lai Yao‐Cheng , Chang Shih‐Hsin , Chou Wu‐Ching , Hsu Wen‐Kuang
Published: January 2015

ZnO is a defect‐governed oxide and emits light at both visible and UV regimes. This work employs atomic layer deposition to produce oxide particles on oxygenated carbon nanotubes, and the composites only show emission profiles at short wavelengths. The quenching of defect‐related emissions at long wavelengths is verified, owing to carboxyl diffusion into oxygen vacancies, and doping is supported by ZnCO3 formation in oxide lattice. Fully coated tubes display an increased photocurrent and the quantum efficiency increases by 22 % relative to the bare nanotubes.
A Simple Quantitative Method to Study Protein–Lipopolysaccharide Interactions by Using Liquid Crystals
Authors: Das Dibyendu , Sidiq Sumyra , Pal Santanu Kumar
Published: January 2015

The interaction of proteins with endotoxins has divergent effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced responses, which serve as a basis for many clinical and therapeutic applications. It is, therefore, important to understand these interactions from both theoretical and practical points of view. This paper advances the design of liquid crystal (LC)‐based stimuli‐responsive soft materials for quantitative measurements of LPS–protein binding events through interfacial ordering transition. Micrometer‐thick films of LCs undergo easily visualized ordering transitions in response to proteins at LPS–aqueous interfaces of the LCs. The optical response of the LC changes from dark to bright after aqueous solutions of hemoglobin (Hb), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and lysozyme proteins (LZM) are in contact with a LPS‐laden aqueous–LC interface. The effects of interactions of different proteins with LPS are also observed to cause the response of the LC to vary significantly from one to another; this indicates that manipulation of the protein–LPS binding affinity can provide the basis for a general, facile method to tune the LPS‐induced responses of the LCs to interfacial phenomena. By measuring the optical retardation of the 4′‐pentyl‐4‐cyanobiphenyl (5CB) LC, the binding affinity of the proteins (Hb, BSA, and LZM) towards LPS that leads to different orientational behavior at the aqueous interfaces of the LCs can be determined. The interaction of proteins with the LPS‐laden monolayer is highest for LPS–Hb, followed by LPS–BSA, and least for LPS–LZM; this is in correlation with their increasing order of binding constants (LPS‐Hb>LPS‐BSA>LPS‐LZM). The results presented herein pave the way for quantitative and multiplexed measurements of LPS–protein binding events and reveal the potential of the LC system to be used as quantitative LC‐based, stimuli‐responsive soft materials.
Fabrication of Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Materials with Tunable Porosity for Catalytic Application
Authors: Opanasenko Maksym V. , Montanari Erica , Shamzhy Mariya V.
Published: January 2015

Novel layered organic–inorganic materials functionalized with amino groups have been synthesized by using a two‐dimensional zeolitic precursor, IPC‐1P, prepared by a top‐down approach from zeolite UTL. The formation of porous materials containing silsesquioxane linkers covalently bonded to zeolite layers in the interlayer space was confirmed by a variety of characterization techniques (N2 sorption, XRD, TEM). The textural properties and catalytic behavior of functionalized hybrid materials synthesized by direct pillaring of IPC‐1P or by grafting of (3‐aminopropyl)silyl groups to the IPC‐1P precursor preliminarily pillared with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were compared. The use of a mixture of aminosilsesquioxanes and TEOS for pillaring of IPC‐1P led to the formation of functionalized materials, which are characterized by excellent textural properties (SBET=154–435 m2 g−1, Vtotal=0.336–0.630 cm3 g−1) and provide a 100 % yield of target benzylidenemalononitrile in the Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde and malononitrile.
On using compressibility to detect when slime mould completed computation
Authors: Adamatzky Andrew , Jones Jeff
Published: January 2015

Slime mouldPhysarum polycephalumis a single cell visible by an unaided eye. The slime mould optimizes its network of protoplasmic tubes in gradients of attractants and repellents. This behavior is interpreted as computation. Several prototypes of the slime mould computers were designed to solve problems of computation geometry, graphs, transport networks, and to implement universal computing circuits. Being a living substrate, the slime mould does not halt its behavior when a task is solved but often continues foraging the space thus masking the solution found. We propose to use temporal changes in compressibility of the slime mould patterns as indicators of the halting of the computation. Compressibility of a pattern characterizes the pattern's morphological diversity, that is, a number of different local configurations. At the beginning of computation the slime explores the space, thus generating less compressible patterns. After gradients of attractants and repellents are detected the slime spans data sites with its protoplasmic network and retracts scouting branches, thus generating more compressible patterns. We analyze the feasibility of the approach on results of laboratory experiments and computer modelling. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 162–175, 2016
Catalytic Partial Oxidation Coupled with Membrane Purification to Improve Resource and Energy Efficiency in Syngas Production
Authors: Iaquaniello G. , Salladini A. , Palo E. , Centi G.
Published: January 2015

Catalytic partial oxidation coupled with membrane purification is a new process scheme to improve resource and energy efficiency in a well‐established and large scale‐process like syngas production. Experimentation in a semi industrial‐scale unit (20 Nm3 h−1 production) shows that a novel syngas production scheme based on a pre‐reforming stage followed by a membrane for hydrogen separation, a catalytic partial oxidation step, and a further step of syngas purification by membrane allows the oxygen‐to‐carbon ratio to be decreased while maintaining levels of feed conversion. For a total feed conversion of 40 %, for example, the integrated novel architecture reduces oxygen consumption by over 50 %, with thus a corresponding improvement in resource efficiency and an improved energy efficiency and economics, these factors largely depending on the air separation stage used to produce pure oxygen.
Oxalate Oxidase Model Studies – Substrate Reactivity
Authors: Pawlak Piotr L. , Panda Manashi , Li Jia , Banerjee Atanu , Averill Derek J. , Nikolovski Borislava , Shay Brian J. , Brennessel William W. , Chavez Ferman A.
Published: January 2015

The synthesis and structure of [MnLCl]0.5H2O (1·0.5H2O, HL = 1‐benzyl‐4‐acetato‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane) is reported. Complex 1 exists as a coordination polymer in the solid state, and the MnII center is bonded to three amine nitrogen atoms, one carboxylate oxygen atom, a chlorido ligand, and an adjacent carboxylate group in a chelating fashion to afford a seven‐coordinate center. The dissolution of 1 in acetonitrile containing excess oxalate (ox) ions results in a monomeric species. When mixtures of 1 and oxalate ions are exposed to oxygen under ambient conditions, a dark pink EPR‐silent species is generated. The pink species is believed to be [MnIII(ox)2]–, which results from the displacement of the ligand L– by an oxalate ion. The decomposition of this species ultimately results in the formation of 1 equiv. of CO2 per oxalate ion consumed, a HCO3– ion, and a MnII species. Further reaction of the resulting MnII species with excess oxalate in the presence of oxygen leads to additional oxalate degradation.
pH‐Specific Halide‐Dependent Materials from ZrIV/Hydroxycarboxylic Acid/Aromatic Chelator Reactivity: Architecture–Lattice Dimensionality and Spectroscopic Fingerprint Relations
Authors: Halevas Eleftherios , Karamelidou Asimenia , Hatzidimitriou Antonios , Mateescu Constantin , Salifoglou Athanasios
Published: January 2015

The chemical reactivity of binary and ternary ZrIV/hydroxycarboxylic acid/(N,N‐aromatic chelator) systems (hydroxycarboxylic acid = citric, malic acid; N,N‐aromatic chelator = 1,10‐phenanthroline) has been investigated in a pH‐specific manner, giving rise to the new binary and ternary crystalline materials [Zr2F6(C6H4O7)2](CH6N3)6·H2O (1), [Zr2F6(C4H3O5)2](NH4)4·3H2O (2), [Zr2(C4H3O5)2(C4H4O5)2(C4H5O5)2](CH6N3)4·4.5H2O (3), and [Zr2(C4H3O5)2(C4H4O5)2(C4H5O5)2](C12H8N2)(C12H9N2)2(CH6N3)2·6H2O (4). Compounds 1–4 were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, 13C‐CPMAS, 19F‐DPMAS, and 1H CRAMPS NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallography. The structures of 1–4 reveal the influence of fluoride in the starting ZrIV reagents on the identity of the Zr2O2‐containing dinuclear assemblies in the arisen 3D architectures. The uniquely defined spectroscopic data, including the NMR data, corroborate the X‐ray structures of 1–4 and reflect the contribution of the intra/intermolecular interactions to the structural speciation of the investigated systems. Collectively, the work 1) depicts the factors that determine the nature and properties of the emerging synthetic materials in the investigated systems, 2) formulates structural architecture–lattice dimensionality and spectroscopic fingerprint correlations, and 3) projects the framework through which new ZrIV materials with defined physicochemical properties can arise at the binary and ternary level.
Luminescence Enhancement of Lu3TaO7:Eu3+@Lu3TaO7 Red‐Emitting Nanophosphors
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Feng Wenchun , Huang Keke , Yuan Long , Du Yanyan , Wu Xiaofeng , Feng Shouhua
Published: January 2015

A series of red‐emitting homogeneous Lu3TaO7:Eu3+@Lu3TaO7 (core‐shell) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesised for applications in white‐light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). The shell‐core ratio (SR) was modulated by the amount of core and shell material which gives a depiction of the effect of SR on luminescence intensity. Powder X‐ray diffraction data indicate that the core‐shell structures of the nanoparticles are homogeneous in the Fm$\bar {3}$m space group. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results provide evidence of the core‐shell architecture with obvious decreasing amounts of Eu3+ on the surface with an increase in the thickness of the shell. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that by coating the Lu3TaO7 shell on the surface of the Lu3TaO7:Eu3+ core, the particle size increased corresponding to the addition of shell material. The photoluminescence lifetime decays increased and this gives additional evidence of the core‐shell structure. Furthermore, the best emission intensity was obtained with a relative optimum shell‐core ratio (1/8), showing an increase of 31.5 % compared with the bare core material.
An Effective Two‐Emulsion Approach to the Synthesis of Doped ZnS Crystalline Nanostructures
Authors: Dolcet Paolo , Maurizio Chiara , Casarin Maurizio , Pandolfo Luciano , Gialanella Stefano , Badocco Denis , Pastore Paolo , Speghini Adolfo , Gross Silvia
Published: January 2015

The controlled, room‐temperature synthesis of M‐doped (M = CuII, MnII, SmIII, GdIII, or TbII) ZnS nanostructures (with an average crystallite size of 5–10 nm) in the confined space of miniemulsion droplets is reported herein and discussed. The adopted synthetic route is a colloidal method, ideally suited to easily achieve small particle size and narrow size distribution. The synthesized functional nanostructures crystallize in the sphalerite lattice, as determined by powder X‐ray diffraction. In addition to structural characterization, several complementary techniques, such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to determine chemical and physical properties as well as the microstructural features of our products. As far as the morphological aspects of the obtained samples are concerned, they were studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Finally, the local structure around dopant ions was unravelled by means of X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, in particular through extended X‐ray absorption fine structure measurements carried out at the Zn, S, and dopant K or L3 edges. This information has been complemented with the investigation of the photoluminescence properties.
Structure, Thermal Behavior, and Vibrational Spectroscopy of the Silver Borate AgB3O5
Authors: Sohr Gerhard , Falkowski Viktoria , Schauperl Michael , Liedl Klaus R. , Huppertz Hubert
Published: January 2015

The new silver borate AgB3O5 was obtained under high‐pressure, high‐temperature conditions at 3 GPa and 600 °C in a Walker‐type multianvil device. The compound crystallizes with four formula units (Z = 4) in the unit cell in the orthorhombic space group Pna21 (no. 33). The lattice parameters are a = 1029.7(2), b = 832.2(2), c = 390.00(8) pm, and V = 0.3342(2) nm3. The new non‐centrosymmetric structure is built up from planar BO3 groups and BO4 tetrahedra, which are interconnected by two‐ and threefold‐coordinated oxygen atoms. In the channels down the c axis, the silver ions are 4+4‐fold coordinated by oxygen ions. In addition to the collection of a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data set, ambient‐ and high‐temperature X‐ray powder diffraction experiments as well as IR and Raman spectroscopy were performed. The vibrational spectra were interpreted though calculations of the harmonic vibrational frequencies at the Γ point.
Developing Pathways to the Synthesis of Low‐Valence Molybdenum Methoxides: Preparation, Characterization, and Redox Chemistry of Dimeric and Tetrameric Molybdenum Alkoxide Clusters
Authors: Kuznetsov Denis A. , Fedyanin Ivan V. , Komarova Natal'ya S. , Shilov Gennady V. , Martynenko Vyacheslav M. , Vasil'ev Sergey G. , Krivenko Alexander G. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Bazhenova Tamara A.
Published: January 2015

The rare Mo=Mo double‐bonded dimeric alkoxide complex [Mo2Cl4(OCH3)4(CH3OH)2] (1) was prepared by the simple methanolysis reaction of [MoCl4(CH3CN)2]. It was shown that the dissolution of 1 in thf results in the formation of the [Mo2O2Cl4(OCH3)2(thf)2] (2) and [Mo2Cl4(OCH3)4(thf)2] (3) dimers. A novel tetranuclear 10e molybdenum cluster [Mo4Cl4O2(OCH3)6(CH3OH)4] (4) was synthesized by the spontaneous disproportionation of 1 in methanol. An alternative pathway to 4 based on the redox reaction of Mo3+ and Mo5+ compounds {in the form of [MoCl3(thf)3] and [Mo2Cl4(OCH3)6] (5), respectively} was proposed and realized. The redox behavior of 4 was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. It was demonstrated that 4 may undergo a reversible two‐electron reduction process, which implies the retention of the {Mo4} core, whereas the oxidation is irreversible, proceeding apparently with the destruction of the tetranuclear cluster core.
First Practical and Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Phosphorylated β‐Carboline Derivatives Using the Pictet–Spengler Reaction
Authors: Viveros‐Ceballos José Luis , Sayago Francisco J. , Cativiela Carlos , Ordóñez Mario
Published: January 2015

We report here the first practical and efficient synthesis of the diethyl 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline‐3‐phosphonates 3 and 4 as well as diethyl 9H‐β‐carboline‐3‐phosphonates 5 and 6. The target compounds were prepared in good yields by application of the Pictet–Spengler reaction of easily obtainable phosphotryptophan diethyl ester 7. The procedure is based on simple preparation of racemic 7 followed by a Pictet–Spengler reaction with several aldehydes and subsequent oxidation chemistry.
Friedel–Crafts Arylation of α‐Hydroxy Ketones: Synthesis of 1,2,2,2‐Tetraarylethanones
Authors: Kumar Anil , Singh Tej V. , Thomas Sajesh P. , Venugopalan Paloth
Published: January 2015

Friedel–Crafts arylation of α‐hydroxy ketones such as 2‐hydroxy‐1,2,2‐triarylethanones has been achieved with a variety of arenes and heteroarenes in the presence of Lewis or Brønsted acids. Both sterically hindered and unhindered 1,2,2,2‐tetrarylethanones are formed in good to excellent yields by using a stoichiometric amount of triflic acid. The intermediacy of an α‐keto carbenium ion has been proposed.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Vicinal (Z)‐Dihaloalkenylsilanes from Silyl Ethynylarenes
Authors: Yauchi Yuta , Ide Masataka , Shiogai Ryo , Chikugo Takuya , Iwasawa Tetsuo
Published: January 2015

The direct access to (Z)‐(1‐bromo‐2‐chloro‐2‐arylvinyl)triisopropylsilane through formal addition of BrCl to triisopropylsilyl ethynylarene was explored. BrCl was generated in situ from commercially available TMSCl and N‐bromosuccinimide. This simple protocol enabled highly efficient regio‐ and stereoselective bromochlorination, bis‐bromination, and bis‐chlorination of the triple bond on a gram scale in the syn mode. It thus provided a potentially diverse scaffold for adaptable preparation of differently all‐carbon tetrasubstituted olefins.
Synthesis of Pyridylphosphonates by Rhodium‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of 1,6‐ and 1,7‐Diynes with Diethyl Phosphorocyanidate
Authors: Kashima Kenichi , Ishii Masahiro , Tanaka Ken
Published: January 2015

The convenient and atom‐economical synthesis of substituted bicyclic pyridylphosphonates has been achieved by the cationic rhodium(I)/H8‐binap‐complex‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of 1,6‐ and 1,7‐diynes with diethyl phosphorocyanidate. These reactions may proceed via an azarhodacyclopentadiene intermediate in addition to the rhodacyclopentadiene intermediate.
Dysifragilones A–C, Unusual Sesquiterpene Aminoquinones and Inhibitors of NO Production from the South China Sea Sponge Dysidea fragilis
Authors: Jiao Wei‐Hua , Xu Ting‐Ting , Zhao Feng , Gao Hao , Shi Guo‐Hua , Wang Jie , Hong Li‐Li , Yu Hao‐Bing , Li Yu‐Shan , Yang Fan , Lin Hou‐Wen
Published: January 2015

Dysifragilones A–C (1–3), three unusual sesquiterpene aminoquinones based on a rearranged avarone skeleton, were isolated from the South China Sea sponge Dysidea fragilis. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis, and their absolute configurations were assigned from calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The inhibitory activity of each compound on the production of nitric oxide (NO) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages was evaluated. Of the three metabolites, dysifragilone A (1) showed the most potent inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 6.61 ± 0.54 μM.
Evolving Smart Model to Predict the Combustion Front Velocity for In Situ Combustion
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Ali , Masoumi Mohammad , Askarinezhad Reza
Published: January 2015

To determine the breakthrough time of the combustion front in the in situ combustion process for heavy oil recovery processes, no records have been reported in previous literature to date. In this work, the developed model was inspired by a new intelligent method called the “least‐squares support vector machine” (LSSVM) to specify the combustion front velocity in heavy oil recovery process. The proposed approach is applied to the experimental data from Iranian oil fields and reported data from the literature has been incorporated to develop and test this model. The estimated outcomes from the LSSVM approach are compared to the aforementioned actual in situ combustion data. By comparing the results obtained from suggested method with the relevant experimental ones it is clear that the LSSVM approach predicts the combustion front velocity with reasonable degree of precision. It worth mentioning that the LSSVM contains no conceptual errors, such as over‐fitting, which is an issue for artificial neural networks. The results of this study could couple with the industrial reservoir simulation software for heavy oil reservoirs to select the proper production method or achieve related goals.
Biochar: a new promising catalyst support using methanation as a probe reaction
Authors: Zhu Lingjun , Yin Shi , Yin Qianqian , Wang Haixia , Wang Shurong
Published: January 2015

Biochar (BC), a by‐product from the fast pyrolysis of rice husk, was activated by chemical and physical process. The activated biochar (ABC) showed graphite‐like morphology and had a large amount of random pores with BET surface area of 1058 m2/g. The biochar properties observed by further characterization revealed its feasibility to be used as a catalyst support. Syngas methanation as a probe reaction was utilized to characterize biochar supported Ru catalyst. The catalytic performance of the Ru/ABC catalyst in methanation was superior or comparable to the conventional activated carbon (AC) supported Ru catalyst. A high CH4 selectivity of 98% and a CO conversion of 100% were obtained under the proper reaction conditions over the Ru/ABC catalyst.
Cognition, even in the normal range, predicts disability: cross‐sectional and prospective analyses of a population‐based sample
Authors: St. John Philip D. , Tyas Suzanne L. , Montgomery Patrick R.
Published: January 2015

Objective

To determine if the modified mini–mental state examination (3MS) predicts functional status and if any effect on function is observed within the normal range of cognition.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Community‐dwelling older adults in the Canadian province of Manitoba sampled in 1991 and followed in 1996.

Participants

Baseline sample of 1751 adults aged 65+ from a representative registry. Five years later, 1028 participants remained in the community and had no missing data.

Measurements

The 3MS, age, gender, education, living arrangements, self‐rated health, and depressive symptoms were self‐reported. Functional status was assessed using the Older Americans Resource Survey, which was dichotomized into no/mild disability versus moderate/severe disability.

Results

Baseline 3MS score predicted baseline functional status. This effect was a gradient across the entire 3MS score, extending into the normal range with no apparent threshold. In logistic regression models, the unadjusted odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval) for the association of 3MS score with disability was 0.94 (0.93, 0.95); the adjusted OR was 0.96 (0.95, 0.98) in models including age, gender, education, and other covariates. Baseline 3MS score also predicted functional status 5 years later: The unadjusted OR for disability was 0.94 (0.92, 0.95); the adjusted OR was 0.97 (0.95, 0.99). Again, the risk of functional impairment at time 2 was a gradient effect, extending into the normal range of baseline 3MS score.

Conclusions

The 3MS predicts functional decline, and this effect is a gradient effect. These results support the hypothesis that cognition is a continuum in risk. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pain among institutionalized stroke patients and its relation to emotional distress and social engagement
Authors: van Almenkerk Suzanne , Depla Marja F. I. A. , Smalbrugge Martin , Eefsting Jan A. , Hertogh Cees M. P. M.
Published: January 2015

Objective

Pain is a frequent long‐term consequence of stroke, but its relation to emotional and social well‐being is poorly studied in stroke populations. We aimed to identify the prevalence of substantial pain among institutionalized stroke patients and to explore its relation to emotional distress (ED) and low social engagement (SE).

Methods

In a cross‐sectional design, we collected data of 274 chronic stroke patients in Dutch nursing homes. Observation lists were filled out in structured interviews with qualified nurse assistants who knew the residents well. Pain and SE were measured with the Resident Assessment Instrument for Long‐term Care Facilities, and ED was measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPIQ).

Results

Substantial pain was present in 28% of the residents, mostly located in the affected body side (68%). Multilevel regression analyses revealed that this pain was independently related to a 60% increase in NPIQ score (β 3.18 [1.84–4.53]) and to clinically relevant symptoms of delusions (odds ratio [OR] 8.45 [1.82–39.05]), agitation/aggression (OR 3.82 [1.76–8.29]), depression (OR 3.49 [1.75–6.98]), and anxiety (OR 2.32 [1.08–4.97]). Substantial pain was associated with low SE when adjusted for clinical covariates (OR 4.25 [1.72–10.53]), but only in residents with no/mild or severe cognitive impairment. This relation disappeared when additionally corrected for NPIQ score (OR 1.95 [0.71–5.39]).

Conclusions

Pain is a serious and multidimensional problem among institutionalized stroke patients. It is related to increased ED, which in turn can be a pathway to low SE as an indicator of social vulnerability. Future research should reveal how pain management in nursing homes can be tailored to the needs of this patient group. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of chronic benzodiazepine use on cognitive evolution in nursing home residents
Authors: Bourgeois Jolyce , Elseviers Monique M. , Van Bortel Luc , Petrovic Mirko , Vander Stichele Robert H.
Published: January 2015

Objective

Chronic use of benzodiazepines and Z‐drugs (BZD/Zs) has been linked to cognitive decline. In this one‐year prospective cohort study, we explored the impact of chronic BZD/Z use on cognitive decline compared to nonusers.

Methods

In cognitively capable BZD/Z users and nonusers in 10 Belgian nursing homes, we investigated cognition with the MiniMentalStateExamination(MMSE) at baseline and one year. A decrease of ≥4 points on the MMSE (clinically relevant decrease) was used in multiple logistic regression. We collected baseline demographics, functional, psychometric and social characteristics potentially influencing cognition.

Results

In both the 131 BZD/Z users and 95 nonusers, the cognition decreased significantly over time, but without significant difference between the groups. Clinically relevant decrease was present in 34% BZD/Z users and 27% nonusers (NS). Controlled for age, gender, education and BZD/Z use, the significant risk factors for clinically relevant cognitive decline were depression, hearing and functional impairment. Frequent reading was associated with less MMSE decrease.

Our findings could not demonstrate with statistical significance that BZD/Z use was associated with fast cognitive decline. The risk factors for fast decline were depression, hearing and functional impairment, and the absence of a reading attitude. In addition, BZD/Z use and depression were associated, indicating a complex relationship. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of particle size and porosity on in vivo remodeling of settable allograft bone/polymer composites
Authors: Prieto Edna M. , Talley Anne D. , Gould Nicholas R. , Zienkiewicz Katarzyna J. , Drapeau Susan J. , Kalpakci Kerem N. , Guelcher Scott A.
Published: January 2015

Established clinical approaches to treat bone voids include the implantation of autograft or allograft bone, ceramics, and other bone void fillers (BVFs). Composites prepared from lysine‐derived polyurethanes and allograft bone can be injected as a reactive liquid and set to yield BVFs with mechanical strength comparable to trabecular bone. In this study, we investigated the effects of porosity, allograft particle size, and matrix mineralization on remodeling of injectable and settable allograft/polymer composites in a rabbit femoral condyle plug defect model. Both low viscosity and high viscosity grafts incorporating small (<105 μm) particles only partially healed at 12 weeks, and the addition of 10% demineralized bone matrix did not enhance healing. In contrast, composite grafts with large (105–500 μm) allograft particles healed at 12 weeks postimplantation, as evidenced by radial μCT and histomorphometric analysis. This study highlights particle size and surface connectivity as influential parameters regulating the remodeling of composite bone scaffolds. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1641–1651, 2015.