bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integracja środowisk samorządowych w województwie podkarpackim na przykładzie inicjatywy społecznej „Wspólnota Samorządowa” w 2002 roku
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Szczepański Dominik
Published: July 2022

The aim of the paper was to analyse the process of integration of self-governmental communities in the Podkarpackie voivodeship, taking into account three levels: macro (general integration concepts on the national level), micro (referring to local politicians involved in this process) and mezo (taking into account organisational aspects of the entities in question). Integration of self-governmental circles was explained in two dimensions: organisational – encompassing various political entities (parliamentary, self-governmental, social, etc.), as well as programmatic, serving the realisation of a specific vision of development of Podkarpackie voivodeship and referring to a specific system of values. The following questions were used to realise the research objective: with what methods was the electoral agreement intended to be achieved? With which political entities was it intended to create an electoral coalition? Was it a self-government or political initiative?
Transformacja systemu politycznego w świetle różnych koncepcji rozliczania przeszłości
Authors:   Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie, Polska, Florek Iwona
Published: July 2022

Succession or transformation of the political system is a process that often requires dealing with the shameful past. The history of European countries in the 20th century knows many examples of such events. Thus, different countries have different approaches to assessing and settling the past. The aim of the article is not to evaluate political decisions, but only to look at dogmatic issues. Is politics above the law? On the other hand, is the thick line strategy legally fair and morally sound? The author hypothesizes that the European Court of Human Rights does not assess justice made by states – successors of the "difficult historical past", but only assesses the legality of the judgments made. As a result of the analysis of the jurisprudence of the ECtHR and the literature, it can be concluded that an international institution such as the European Tribunal does not want to assess the policy chosen by states, but only the issues of respecting the principle of legality.
University Participatory Budgets. From Municipalities to Higher Education?
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University (Poland), Popławski Mariusz
Published: July 2022

The participatory budget is an important element of the catalogue of tools for involving residents in the local decision-making. The positive effects of involving many citizens in the decision-making process slowly bear fruit in attempts to transfer p.b. into other spheres. This article analyses how these well-known patterns are adapted to new conditions – at universities. Several of them decided to introduce their own participatory budget. A comparative analysis of the local government model and solutions adopted by three universities provides the answer to this question. The hypothesis assumes that the civic budget at universities and polytechnics is, for the most part, a modification of the model used in cities with district status. As shown, the municipal participatory budget is a proven basis for creating its own regulations. However, the available schemes should be modified.
A Qualitative Study on the Actual Situation and Improvement of University Life Experience Program for High School Students with Disabilities
Authors:   RehabilitationInternational Korea, Park Jaewoo
Published: July 2022

This study is a study to investigate the actual Situation of the experience program and ways to improve it for parents, teachers, participating high school students and university students who participated in the university life experience program for high school students with disabilities. To this end, in this study, a qualiative content analysis method was used for various documents and the contents of an open questionnaire targeting participants. The results of study are as follows. Participating students recognized the university as one of the transitional education courses to go out into society and as a space for leisure activities and culture. It gave an opportunity to gain confidence. Through the experience program, the educational support personnel learned how to communicate with the participating students and formed a relationship. Through this, it was an opportunity to understand disability, find their own growth and the meaning of life, and strengthen their future vocational competency. Parents and teachers expected students to have experiences that could help them adapt to university life, and it was found that these expectations were met to some extent in the experience program. As improvements, it was hoped that diversification of sustainable experience programs and prepared programs related to disability types would be provided.
Data-limited stock assessment of red mullet (Mullus barbatus) from the Iskenderun Bay, the north-eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Turan Cemal
Published: July 2022

Stock size and status of red mullet Mullus barbatus were assessed via virtual population analysis and yield prediction analysis using on-board observed length-frequency catch data from the north-eastern Mediterranean Sea. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters obtained were L∞ = 35.4 cm, k = 0.42, t0 = 0.64, tanc = 0.59 and Φ′ = 2.72. Trawl-type selectivity ogive was calculated as 1.57 years corresponding to 17.1 cm TL. The virtual population analysis of M. barbatus indicated that the minimum and maximum fishing mortalities were 0.01 yr–1 and 11.1 yr–1 for the mid-length groups for 8.5 cm and 21.5 cm respectively. The estimated lowest mean biomass and yield were 3.541 t and 31 t at length 8.5, and the highest mean biomass and yield were 13.880 t at length 22.5 cm and 46.086 t at length 21.5 cm respectively. Biological reference points were FMSY = 5.85, F0.5 = 2.3, EMSY = 0.89, E0.5 = 0.77. The values for the current fishing mortality coefficient (Fcur) and the current exploitation rate (Ecur) calculated were 5.3 and 0.89 respectively. The present biological reference points indicate that the stock of M. barbatus in the investigated area is overexploited status and needs urgent management considerations.
Mathieu W. Billings and Sean Farrell, The Irish in Illinois
Authors: Walch Timothy
Published: July 2022

Review of: The Irish in Illinois, by Mathieu W. Billings and Sean Farrell.
Spencer W. McBride, Brent M. Rogers, and Keith A. Erekson, Eds., Contingent Citizens: Shifting Perceptions of Latter-day Saints in American Political Culture
Authors: Radke-Moss Andrea G.
Published: July 2022

Review of: Contingent Citizens: Shifting Perceptions of Latter-day Saints in American Political Culture, edited by Spencer W. McBride, Brent M. Rogers, and Keith A. Erekson.
Lauren K. Thompson, Friendly Enemies: Soldier Fraternization throughout the American Civil War
Authors: Deale Rachel K.
Published: July 2022

Review of: Friendly Enemies: Soldier Fraternization throughout the American Civil War, by Lauren K. Thompson.
Betsy Wood, Upon the Altar of Work: Child Labor and the Rise of a New American Sectionalism
Authors: Terry Jennifer Robin
Published: July 2022

Review of: Upon the Altar of Work: Child Labor and the Rise of a New American Sectionalism, by Betsy Wood.
Cathleen D. Cahill, Recasting the Vote: How Women of Color Transformed the Suffrage Movement
Authors: Cooper Mandy L.
Published: July 2022

Review of: Recasting the Vote: How Women of Color Transformed the Suffrage Movement, by Cathleen D. Cahill.
Ventilation through a straw
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Kim Hyun Joo , Park Wyun Kon
Published: July 2022

Transtracheal jet ventilation can be used for resuscitation of partial airway obstruction. A prerequisite for jet ventilation is that at least a minimum airway opening for gas escape must be secured. Therefore, another option should be considered in cases of complete airway obstruction. The following methods or devices has been used under cricothyrotomy using an intravenous cannula: 1) Ambu (bag valve mask) bagging, 2) Ventrain®, 3) Rapid-O2 oxygen insufflation device (Rapid-O2), and 4) jet ventilation using a dual lumen catheter. During Ambu bagging, extraordinarily high insufflation pressure is required to force oxygen through the cannula. When using a 12-G cannula, long and slow positive-pressure ventilations (10–12 breaths/min) are required, which makes it extremely difficult to compress the bag. Therefore, a 10-G or larger is recommended. Ventrain® is an expiratory assist device capable of forcibly expelling insufflated oxygen through a transtracheal cannula. It is recommended to adjust the inspiratory and expiratory times while observing the chest wall movements. Rapid-O2 is a rescue oxygenation device with adequate ventilation of less importance; therefore, the resulting hypercarbia is inevitable. A 14-G cannula is used. Lastly, jet ventilation using a dual-lumen catheter with a 16-G inflow lumen and 10-G outflow lumen was used to obtain both oxygenation and ventilation. However, the addition of the outer diameters of 16-G and 10-G results in an outer diameter of 5.1 mm, which is too large to puncture the cricothyroid membrane. In conclusion, Ventrain® is considered the most ideal device for use among the devices developed to date.
An experimental study of the mechanical behaviour of squat shear walls built with precast concrete two-way hollow slabs
Authors: Luo P , Liu J
Published: July 2022

This paper proposes an innovative precast shear wall system built with precast concrete two-way hollow slabs (PCHS shear walls). In the joints of the precast panels of the PCHS shear walls, noncontact lap splices of rebars with vertical and horizontal holes are used to connect adjacent precast panels. These panels contribute to an automated assembly and facilitate pouring concrete in-situ. The mechanical behaviour of PCHS shear walls and the connection performance of vertical joints are examined through pseudo-static loading testing on one cast-in-situ concrete shear wall and four PCHS shear walls. Moreover, the influences of different parameters, including axial compression ratio, aspect ratio and the magnitude of horizontal distribution reinforcements, were analysed. It was found that the "strong bending and weak shear" requirement was achieved for all specimens. For the PCHS shear walls, the typical prominent diagonal cracks and brittle failure were prevented by the shear slippage at vertical joints and vertical cracks. And the vertical joint enabled the PCHS shear walls to exhibit stable load-bearing capacity with extensive deformations. In addition, the displacement ductility coefficient of all PCHS shear walls was over 5.0, and their ultimate drifts were over 1/100. The bearing capacity was improved with the increase of the axial compression ratio or with the decrease of the aspect ratio, but the deformation capacity was weakened.
ACHIEVING DECENT WORK FOR DIGITAL PLATFORM WORKERS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: William Manga Mokofe
Published: July 2022

Across the globe, digital platform workers lack access to basic workplace rights and protections. Lacking the ability to bargain collectively as a result of this novel, digitally managed market for work, many platform workers have jobs characterised by long and irregular hours, lack of representation, low remuneration, high stress levels, and little ability to negotiate wages or working conditions with their employers. This article questions the narrow definition of “employee” that limits the protection afforded to these workers. Workers have been largely incorrectly classified as independent contractors rather than as employees, a classification that has been challenged in courts around the world. This article explores possible strategies and offers suggestions to improve this situation to achieve decent work for such workers. The article concludes by suggesting that the solution to challenges associated with platform workers rests, among others, in social dialogue, legal solutions, new union strategies, and state intervention through the extension of existing legislation to platform workers.
Insomnia Mediate the Influence of Reassurance-Seeking Behavior and Viral Anxiety on Preoccupation With COVID-19 Among the General Population
Authors: Cho Eulah , Lee Dongin , Cho Inn-Kyu , Lee Joohee , Ahn Junseok , Bang Young Rong
Published: July 2022

Background and Objective We explored in this study whether insomnia, viral anxiety, reassurance- seeking behavior, and preoccupation with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are related among the general population. As well, we explored the possibility that insomnia may mediate the association between COVID-19 viral anxiety and preoccupation.Methods During November 9–15, 2021, 400 participants voluntarily completed this survey, and participants’ age, sex, living location, and marital status were collected. Responses to questions about COVID-19 were also gathered, and their symptoms were rated using the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS), Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).Results Preoccupation with COVID-19 was predicted by young age (β = -0.08, p = 0.012), CRBS (β = 0.52, p < 0.001), FCV-19S (β = 0.30, p < 0.001), and ISI (β = 0.07, p = 0.029) (adjusted R2 = 0.62, F = 163.6, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that insomnia partially mediates the influence of reassurance seeking behavior and viral anxiety on preoccupation with COVID-19.Conclusions Sleep disturbances can contribute to a vicious cycle of hypochondriacal preoccupation with COVID-19. In order to reduce an individual’s viral anxiety, insomnia symptoms must be addressed.
Fluoridation cessation and oral health equity: a 7-year post-cessation study of Grade 2 schoolchildren in Alberta, Canada
Authors: McLaren Lindsay , Patterson Steven K. , Faris Peter , Chen Guanmin , Thawer Salima , Figueiredo Rafael , Weijs Cynthia , McNeil Deborah A. , Waye Arianna , Potestio Melissa L.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Community water fluoridation, because of its universal scope and passive mechanism of uptake, is one component of a multifaceted approach to promoting equity in dental health. The objective of this study was to examine social inequities in children’s dental health in the Canadian cities of Calgary (fluoridation cessation in 2011) and Edmonton (still fluoridated).

Methods

We analyzed data from surveys of population-based samples of Grade 2 (approx. age 7) children in Calgary in 2009/2010 (pre-cessation; n=557) and in both Calgary and Edmonton in 2013/2014 (Calgary, n=3230; Edmonton, n=2304) and 2018/2019 (Calgary, n=2649; Edmonton, n=2600) (post-cessation). We estimated associations between several socioeconomic indicators and dental caries indicators (i.e., dental caries experience [deft, DMFT] and untreated decay in two or more teeth [untreated decay]) using zero-inflated Poisson, binary logistic regression, and the concentration index of inequality. We compared those associations over time (between survey waves) and between cities at post-cessation.

Results

Persistent social inequities in deft and untreated decay were evident; for example, having no dental insurance was significantly associated with higher odds of untreated decay across city and survey wave. In most (but not all) cases, differences between cities and survey waves were consistent with an adverse effect of fluoridation cessation on dental health inequities. For example, the association between no dental insurance and higher odds of untreated decay in Calgary was greater in 2018/2019 (later post-cessation) than in 2009/2010 (pre-cessation; odds ratio [OR] for comparison of coefficients = 1.89 [1.36–2.63], p<0.001) and 2013/2014 (early post-cessation; OR for comparison of coefficients = 1.67 [1.22–2.28], p=0.001); that same association in 2018/2019 was greater in Calgary (fluoridation cessation) than in Edmonton (still fluoridated) (OR for comparison of coefficients = 1.44 [1.03–2.02], p=0.033).

Conclusion

Social inequities in dental caries were present in both Calgary and Edmonton. Those inequities tended to be worse in Calgary where fluoridation was ceased. Our findings may be relevant to other settings where income inequality is high, dental services are costly, and dental public health infrastructure is limited.
[RETRACTED] Condor CBD Gummies Reviews: Warning! MUST Read Before Buying! v1
Authors: CBD Gummies Condor
Published: July 2022

[RETRACTED]

https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/06/27/condor-cbd-gummies-review/
[RETRACTED] Prodentim for Gums and Teeth Health Formula Prodentim Dental Supplement (60 Capsules) v1
Authors: not provided prateshomal
Published: July 2022

[RETRACTED]

https://www.healthsupplement24x7.com/get-prodentim
Application of nanoparticles for solar-driven steam generation
Authors:   National Research Nuclear University MEPHI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kuzmenkov D.M. , Olkhovskiy A.V. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPHI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Yunin V.S. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPHI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kutsenko K.V. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPHI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Published: July 2022

Nanoparticles suspended in the base fluid intensify the light-absorbing properties of the medium within wavelength range from 0,2 to 2,5 μm significantly. Also, they can serve as vapor bubble nucleation sites when the base fluid is boiling. Such suspensions are widely used to design the direct absorption solar collectors, in which the nanofluid is possessed both the working fluid and solar energy absorber. However, there is a lack of theoretical models that are capable to evaluate the steam rated capacity of direct absorption solar collector. Thus, the aim of the present paper is an experimental and theoretical study of the boiling of nanofluid exposed to thermal radiation. The experimental study has been carried out on a laboratory-scale unit with a solar radiation simulator. The experimental unit is capable to operate at a continuous steady-state mode with recirculation of condensed fluid. Two types of nanoparticles have been tested: multiwall carbon nanotubes with two sizes of 49 nm and 72 nm and 110 nm iron oxide particles Fe3O4. Distilled and salt water has been used as the base fluid for all types of particles. Mass fraction of particles is varied from 0,5 to 5 %. The reference experiment has been carried out for salt water in a blackened receiver. The theoretical model assumes that boiling is localized in a narrow region adjacent to the irradiated surface. An experimental study of the steam rated capacity for various types of particles has been carried out. An analytical expression has been proposed to estimate the steam rated capacity during the boiling of a nanofluid exposed to thermal radiation. Comparison of the experimental data for the distilled water-based and saltwater-based nanofluids has been carried out. It is found that the addition of sea salt does not affect the steam generation significantly. The maximum difference is 12 %. The highest steam rated capacity is achieved when using carbon nanotubes of mass fraction of 5 %. The steam rated capacity is increased by 23 % compared with the reference experiment. The theoretical model reproduces the experimental data with an average deviation of 7 %. Application of nanoparticles in direct absorption solar collectors allows us to increase the steam rated capacity compared with the boiling of the base liquid in a blackened receiver. The theoretical model is capable to estimate to a high precision the steam rated capacity in case of boiling of suspension exposed to thermal radiation. The results of this study may be of interest during the development of solar power plants with a steam turbine cycle.
Conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates by imidazolium salts at atmospheric pressure
Authors: AYTAR Emine
Published: July 2022

CO2, which causes global warming, is a naturally abundant, inexpensive, inert substance known as a non-toxic carbon (C1) source and value-added chemical, which can often be used as a building block for synthesis reactions. The conversion of CO2, which is difficult to use efficiently due to its kinetic inertia and thermodynamic stability, to cyclic carbonates with the help of a catalyst are the most promising studies. Therefore, in this study, 1-bütyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ([Bmim]I) and 1-bütyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim]PF6) imidazolium salts were used as catalysts in the conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates with epoxides. Conversion studies to cyclic carbonates were carried out under both high pressure and high temperature and atmospheric pressure. Ionic liquids, which provide high efficiency in the autoclave, also gave very good results in the atmospheric ambient. Optimization studies were carried out with the effect of time (2 hours and 24 hours) and temperature (60 °C and 100 °C) in the atmospheric ambient. It has been determined that this process, catalyzed by ionic liquids, is also promising for the chemical conversion of CO2 in the atmospheric ambient.
Analysis of research trends in work family balance policy using text mining
Authors:   center for social welfare research yonsei university, Lee Jisun , Cho Jayoung
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to confirm the achievements of existing studies by analyzing the research trends of the past 20 years of Work Family Balance Policy(WFBP), and to suggest future research directions. For this purpose, 157 papers in 22 journals with an impact factor of 1.0 or higher for the last 5 years as of 2020 were analyzed using text mining techniques in the journals registered in the field of social welfare of the National Research Foundation of Korea. According to Results First, an average of 8 papers have been published every year since 2001, mainly ‘family’, ‘women’, ‘policy’, ‘family-friendly’, ‘family-friendly policy’, ‘childcare’, ‘leave of absence’, ‘work family balance’, ‘work family conflict’, and ‘low fertility’. Second, as a result of semantic network analysis, ‘work family balance’ was highly related to ‘gender role’, ‘family policy’, ‘low fertility’, ‘support policy’, ‘family-friendly policy’, and ‘parental leave’. In addition, ‘father’ was found to be highly related to ‘family-friendly’, ‘work family conflict’, ‘family-friendly policy’, and ‘low fertility’ was highly related to ‘childcare policy’ and ‘education for children’. Finally, as a result of the topic modeling analysis, three topics could be identified, and topic 1 was ‘WFBP and gender’, topic 2 was ‘family-friendly policy’, and topic 3 was ‘childcare policy and welfare state ideology’. Based on the results of this analysis, the research trends of WFBP are summarized as follows. First, there is an effort to have a balanced perspective on gender effects in the study of WFBP. Second, WFBP research is deeply related to the low fertility situation, and it is intended to lay the foundation for fertility-related policies and childcare and childcare policies.
Evolution of Diagnostic Methods for Infectious and Non-Infectious Uveitis. Review
Authors: Boyko E. V. , Gvazava V. G. , Panova I. E.
Published: July 2022

Uveitis is an inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, choroid) that can spread to the retina, vitreous and other structures of the eye. Non-infectious uveitis accounts for 31.5 to 82.9 % of cases. The prevalence of infectious uveitis ranges from 13.0 to 54.7 %. Verification of the etiological diagnosis of uveitis requires an individual approach in each clinical case and is based on a thorough analysis of the patient’s medical history, the presence of systemic diseases, and physical examination data, which is supplemented by various laboratory and instrumental examination. However, despite the widespread development of modern diagnostic capabilities, the etiology of uveitis remains unknown in 30–50 % of cases after non-invasive studies, and the treatment is prescribed empirically. At the present stage of studying this issue, the search for a pathological agent, that can play both an etiological role in the development of infectious uveitis and a trigger role in the non-infectious process, is still an urgent task. The article presents a review of the literature on the evolution of methods for the diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious uveitis in accordance with changing ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, epidemiological, geographical and socio-economic factors, improving surgical techniques. Pathogenetic aspects and the role of infections in the development of non-infectious uveitis are discussed.
Neurotrophic Keratitis. Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations. Review. Part 2
Authors: Kasparova E. A. , Marchenko N. R.
Published: July 2022

Neurotrophic keratitis (neurotrophic keratopathy) (NTC) is a degenerative disease of the cornea accompanied with neurogenic inflammation. It is caused by a loss of sensitive innervation of the trigeminal nerve. Therapeutic measures are mainly reduced to maintenance therapy (antiseptics, artificial tears, corneal protectors), which does not affect the cause of the disease. The most affordable and updated therapy is the long-term topical use of auto- or heterologous serum. Recently developed specific approaches to the treatment of NTK — local therapy with recombinant nerve growth factor Cenegermin and corneal neurotization are aimed at the pathogenetic links of the disease and can restore the innervation and sensitivity of the cornea.
Intraocular Lens Optic Power Calculation on “Short” Eyes. A Review
Authors: Pershin K. B. , Pashinova N. F. , Likh I. A. , Tsygankov A. Yu.
Published: July 2022

In recent years, due to advances in surgical technique, instruments and design of intraocular lenses (IOLs), patient expectations of cataract surgery have increased significantly, often matching those after refractive interventions. A number of factors affect postoperative visual acuity, including the presence of concomitant pathology in patients, the experience of the surgeon, the choice of IOL model and other factors. In the presence of “short” eyes, with an axial length of less than 22 mm, the formulas available in the arsenal for calculating the optical power of the IOL are less accurate than for eyes with normal sizes, which is of great difficulty for the surgeon. The most important factors include the choice of model and calculation of IOL optic power associated in case of failure with patient dissatisfaction with the treatment. The review discusses the definitions of the concepts of hyperopia, microphthalmos and nanophthalmos. The sources of errors are presented when choosing a formula for calculating the IOL optic power, including the use of various instruments for measuring axial length and other parameters of the eye. The necessity of optimizing the IOL constants for “short” eyes is given. The effectiveness of the main currently used formulas is considered, including Hoffer Q, Haigis, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, SRK / T, Barrett Universal, Super Formula, Olsen, T2, Hill-RBF, Kane. Progress in lens disease surgery does not stand still and is aimed at improving diagnostic equipment and standardizing and synchronizing various types of biometers, increasing the number of variables in formulas for calculating the IOL optic power, further standardizing diopter power in the manufacturing of IOLs, and the need to develop a unified formula for calculating optical power Artificial Intelligence IOL with the possibility of its constant access to a huge array of preoperative research data manhole and postoperative assessment of results. Management of patients with an axial length of less than 22.00 mm remains a challenge for ophthalmic surgeons, given the difficulties encountered in choosing an IOL and the complications of surgery. The available formulas for calculating the IOL optic powerneed to be adjusted for this group of patients.
IOL Power Calculation Features after Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Kasyanov A. A. , Ryzhkova E. G.
Published: July 2022

IOL power calculation after keratorefractive surgery is an important applied aspect of cataract surgery. The probability of refractive error is especially high when calculating in patients with a history of radial keratotomy. There is no unified approach to the tactics and methodology of calculation for this category of patients at the moment. The studies were conducted in a group of 17 patients (26 eyes) with a history of RK. The Haigis formula, which does not use keratometry to predict ELP, was chosen as the main one for the calculation. IOL calculation and biometrics were carried out on the IOL-Master, but corrected TCP IOL (Ray Traced) data obtained on the Galilei keratotomograph were manually entered into the optional keratometry fields. Thу Burrett True-K and Hoffer Q were used as verification formulas, the calculation was also carried out on IOL-Master, using corrected Galilei data. In all cases, postoperative refraction close to emmetropic was obtained. The spherical component of refraction ranged from +0.5 to -1.0 D, cylindrical — from 0.0 to 4.0 D, according to autorefractometry. Visual acuity without correction ranged from 0.4 to 1.0. Uncorrected visual acuity of 0.8 and higher was obtained in 65.38% of cases. The calculation algorithm implemented by us using the Haigis formula in combination with the use of individually adjusted keratometric TCP IOL data (Ray Traced, Galilei), allowed us to significantly improve the accuracy of IOL power calculating in patients with a history of RK and achieve target refraction even in cases of complex and irregular corneal topography.
Lamellar Keratoplasty as a Method of Treatment Patients with Neurotrophic Keratopathy II and III Stages Outcome
Authors: Ezugbaya M. , Riks I. A. , Trufanov S. V. , Astakhov S. Yu. , Papanyan S. S. , Anikina L. K. , Boutaba R. , Gryaznova V. V.
Published: July 2022

Neurotrophic keratopathy (NTK) is an orphan, polyetiological disease that has recently been identified more frequently. Drug-resistant stages of NTC often require urgent surgical treatment. Subsequently, such patients need to be done keratoplasty, the consequences may be unsatisfactory in the presence of a significant impairment of innervation.

Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of lamellar anterior keratoplasty in patients with the outcome of stage II and III NTK.

Material and methods. The study included 22 patients (22 eyes) aged 21 to 88 years. All patients were divided into two main groups. The first group consisted of 12 patients with NTC as a result of damage to the main stem of n.trigeminus and its branch n.ophthalmicus, the second group consisted of 10 patients — NTC as a result of toxic damage due to uncontrolled instillation of local anesthetics and eyedrops with preservatives. Before inclusion in the study, 14 patients underwent autoconjunctivoplasty for the treatment of drug-resistant NTK stage II and III, 8 — corneoscleral flap coating. All patients underwent lamellar anterior keratoplasty. The following parameters were assessed: maximally corrected visual acuity (MCVA) and coefficient of corneal sensitivity reduction in an approximate way before and after 1 day, 2 weeks, 1 and 3 months after surgery; tear film break- up time (Norn test) and Schirmer’s I.

Results. In the second group an increase in the level of BCVA and a clear graft was observed in all patients, while in the first group, the level of BCVA worsened, and the graft was with reduced transparency. Significant difference between the examined and the fellow eye in the compared groups according to the tear film break-up time test was not detected. In the first group statistically significant decrease of tear production according to the results of the Schirmer’s test was identified. A weak correlation was found between corneal sensitivity and BCVA after surgery in group II.

Conclusion. We have demonstrated the high efficiency of automated layered anterior keratoplasty in the outcomes of advanced stages of NTK of toxic etiology. In patients with NTC outcome as a result of stem injury, surgical treatment led to a satisfactory cosmetic result, but visual acuity did not change significantly.
Study of the Level of Pro- and Antiangiogenic Growth Factors in Vitreous Fluid in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration on the Background of Treatment
Authors: Arkhipova M. M. , Likhvantseva V. G. , Gevorgyan A. S. , Rychkova S. I. , Selkov S. A.
Published: July 2022

Purpose: to study the level of pro- and antiangiogenic growth factors in the vitreous fluid of the eyes with the neovascular form of agerelated macular degeneration (nAMD) against the background of antiangiogenic therapy.

Patients and methods. The concentration of proangiogenic (IL-8, angiogenin, TNF-α, VEGF, bFGF) and antiangiogenic (IFN-α, TGF-β IFN-γ) growth factors in the vitreous fluid of nAMD patients was determined by multiplex flow cytometry. Patients with senile cataracts without signs of AMD and cataract patients burdened with naïve (untreated) nAMD were in the comparison groups.

Results. Compared with senile cataracts, proangiogenic cytokines TNF-α were present more frequently and at a higher level in the vitreous fluid of the eyes with treated nVMD (75 % vs. 47.5 %, p < 0.05; Msr ± m: 2.4 ± 0.5 vs. 1.4 ± 0.3 pg/ml, p < 0.05), IL-8 (100 % vs. 75 %, p < 0.01; 492.9 ± 75.7 vs. 8.5 ± 1.5 pg/ml, p < 0.01), angiogenin (3822.4 ± 498.6 vs. 2820.2 ± 319.3, p < 0.01) and FGFb (58.3 % vs. 26.7 %, p < 0.05; 10.1 ± 5.9 vs. 2.7 ± 1.0, p < 0.01). In both groups of patients, antiangiogenic factors IFN-γ and TGF-β were practically not detected, but the concentration of IFN-α was significantly higher (6.4 ± 1.7 versus 4.4 ± 0.4, p < 0.01). VEGF levels in both nosological groups were almost identical: 17.5 ± 14.0 (with nAMD) versus 18.4 ± 3.2 (n/a), while VEGF was found in vitreous fluid in the cataract group significantly more often (68.2 % vs. 17 %, p < 0.01). By way of explanation, the authors suggested that since patients with nAMD had previously been administered the anti-angiogenic drug Ranibizumab, it is possible that the VEGF production was under the control of the drug, that is, suppressed or blocked.

Conclusion. Elevated levels of proangiogenic growth factors IL-8, angiogenin, TNF-α and bFGF in vitreous fluid with nAMD against the background of antiangiogenic therapy with ranibizumab suggest the presence of other, independent of VEGF, acting mechanisms for stimulating angiogenesis. The absence of antiangiogenic growth factors IFN-γ and TGF-β in the vitreous fluid allows us to think about the presence of a defect in the control and regulation of angiogenesis in nAMD. The rare detection of VEGF in combination with a significant decrease in its concentration compared to senile cataracts against the background of treatment with ranibizumab of the eyes with nAMD demonstrates targeted inhibition in practice. Against the background of treatment with angiostatic drugs, an inversion of the angiogenic phenotype occurs with the formation of new workarounds of angiogenesis, which apparently dictates the connection of drugs with other mechanisms of action.
Surgical Rehabilitation of a Posttraumatic Iris Cyst, Cataract and Astigmatism Patient. Clinical Case
Authors: Onishchenko A. L. , Potehin V. K. , Vershinina N. A.
Published: July 2022

Injuries cause serious disturbance of the form and function of the organ of vision due to the damage and accompanying or remote complications and therefore have a high proportion to the structure of low vision, blindness and disability. One of the complications of penetrating wounds of the eye is iris cysts. Iris cyst can increase and cause pupillary block, secondary glaucoma, uveitis, corneal dystrophy, and therefore it requires surgical intervention. The goal of surgical treatment of an iris cyst is to ensure complete removal of the cyst.

Objective: to estimate the clinical and functional results of treatment in a posttraumatic iris cyst, posterior subcapsular cataract and myopic astigmatism patient.

Patient and methods. Patient B., 49 years old with posttraumatic retention iris cyst, posterior subcapsular cataract, compound myopic high astigmatism was examined. To determine the tactics of surgical treatment of the patient, a complex of General ophthalmology was perfomed (visometry, IOP measurement, autorefractometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy), as well as special (B-scanning, optical coherence tomography of the retina) research methods. The follow-up period was 1 year.

Results and discussion. To improve visual functions and prevent the development of secondary glaucoma, the patient was offered surgery - excision of the iris cyst and cataract phacoemulsification with toric intraocular lens. Simultaneous carrying out of two stages of the operation reduced the risks of postoperative complications and shorten the rehabilitation period.

Conclusion. Positive optical and therapeutic effects were achieved as a result of the surgical treatment 44 years after an open eye injury: the eye is calm, the iris cyst is not detected, visual acuity has increased. The postoperative period showed the saving the stable and high visual and functional result with no recurrence of the iris cyst.
Reflexiones acerca del retorno financiero, social y ambiental del sector cultivo del café en Colombia
Authors: Montoya-Rendón Julio Cesar , Hurtado-Bolaños Henry , Fuertes-Díaz Martha Lucía , Rojas-Ledesma Fabio Alberto
Published: July 2022

El cultivo del café, como importante reglón de la economía colombiana, hace imperativo analizar cómo se está reportando su información en las dimensiones financiera, social y ambiental. Desde cada una de ellas se presenta la respectiva posición teórica y las correspondientes reflexiones.Dichas dimensiones, generalmente son expresadas mediante indicadores reduccionistas sin articulación sistémica y holística, necesarias para un análisis integral. Para ello, se enfatiza en que los indicadores sean válidos, pertinentes y confiables, teniendo en cuenta variables cuantitativas y categorías cualitativas para la lectura completa e integral de la situación del sector cafetero. En el artículo se sienta una posición que resalta la importancia de reportar información de manera holística, sistémica e integral para el análisis económico, social y ambiental del sector caficultor colombiano. Necesariamente, con la participación de todos los interesados sobre: declaración de los propósitos de la información requerida, selección y construcción de los indicadores, metodología al hacer mediciones, lectura e interpretación de la información. De esta manera, se aporta para la realización de diagnósticos que permitan tomar las mejores decisiones que integren lo económico, social y ambiental.
Pandemia e dinâmicas de comércio internacional: uma análise da relação Bahia-Mercosul sob à ótica das exportações e importações
Authors: De Araújo Silva Gesner Brehmer
Published: July 2022

Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial e com os processos de globalização no final do século passado, as relações de comércio internacional vêm gradualmente ganhando maior importância, tendo como resultado tanto o aumento da produção mundial, quanto o surgimento de blocos econômicos que buscavam fortalecer e dinamizar estas relações. Um desses blocos econômicos criados foi o Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul) em 1991, tendo como membros: Brasil, Argentina, Paraguai e Uruguai que tinham por objetivo facilitar tanto as relações econômicas entre eles, quanto de pessoas. Contudo, o ano de 2020 foi marcado pelo surgimento do novo coronavírus que afetou diretamente todo o fluxo comercial global em virtude das medidas restritivas. Deste modo, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a dinâmica de comércio internacional do estado da Bahia com o Mercosul através das exportações e importações e detectar os efeitos pandêmicos nessas variáveis. Para cumprir os objetivos propostos, além de uma introdução sobre o estudo da economia internacional, do surgimento do Mercosul, e da evolução econômica da Bahia, foram utilizadas as bases de dados de exportações e importações da Superintendência de Estudos Econômicos e Sociais da Bahia (SEI) e do Ministério de Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior (MDIC) para compreender a pauta de importações e exportações da Bahia, e como elas se relacionam dentro do Mercosul. Os resultados obtidos sinalizam que há significativas reduções nos principais setores exportadores para o Mercosul e pequenas quedas nas importações.
Ecología política: una lectura de cambios que promueve la educación ambiental no formal en Santiago de Cali - Colombia
Authors: Pareja-Castro Jairo Andrés , García-Naranjo Martha Lucía
Published: July 2022

Ante la presión antropogénica sobre el medio ambiente, es preponderante el rol de la educación ambiental para generar cambios que resignifiquen la relación ser humano-naturaleza en los territorios. Esta investigación cualitativa hermenéutica tuvo un enfoque descriptivo explicativo y en ella se estudiaron cambios culturales y socioambientales promovidos por procesos específicos de educación ambiental no formal realizados en Santiago de Cali - Colombia acerca de conservación de bienes ambientales y servicios ecosistémicos, embellecimiento del entorno, soberanía alimentaria y preservación de la biodiversidad. Se identificaron indicadores de educación ambiental potenciales para valorar los cambios promovidos, se definieron indicadores específicos indagando experiencias, percepciones y motivaciones de actores sociales participantes y se contrastó su correspondencia desde la ecología política y el pensamiento ambiental crítico. Se encontró que la definición de indicadores de educación ambiental presenta retos considerables y que, si bien los procesos educativos posibilitaron una mejor comprensión de las problemáticas medioambientales, los cambios culturales y socioambientales promovidos dependen de dinámicas socioeconómicas, prácticas éticas, culturales y del ejercicio del poder político.
PERTINENCIA DE LOS BANCOS DE PASTO DE CORTE PARA FINCAS GANADERAS EN LA REGIÓN CARIBE
Authors: Meza Molina Iván Darío
Published: July 2022

Introducción: El cambio climático, la economía y los impactos de las actividades productivas en el entorno globalizado, han elevado el interés social en temas de sostenibilidad y medio ambiente, lo cual ha facilitado a los actores ganaderos implementar acciones orientadas al sostenimiento ecológico y de esta manera lograr insertar estas actividades en su cotidianidad. Objetivo: A continuación, y con el propósito de ofrecer una alternativa al alcance de los ganaderos, se propondrá un modelo para el diseño de un banco de pasto de corte en el municipio de Sabanas de San Ángel (Magdalena), lo que puede derivar en un impacto directo en la reducción de los costos de producción de los campesinos y ganaderos de la región. Metodología: Se aplicó un enfoque mixto con alcance descriptivo/propositivo que, a partir de un cuestionario tipo Likert y la revisión documental, facilitó recopilar información referente a la percepción de los ganaderos frente al diseño de un banco de pasto de corte como solución a la falta de alimento Resultados: Como resultado final se encuentra un documento que contempla las características propias de las fincas ganaderas que a hoy realizan la actividad de forma extensiva y que por sus perfiles productivos requieren incorporar alternativas sostenibles para posicionarse en el momento económico actual. Conclusión: Se alcana una guía o modelo que permitirá en adelante tomar en consideración los bancos de pasto como opción alternativa para la solución a temas de alimentación del ganado en tiempos de cambio climático.
Monitoreo de la calidad del agua mediante clorofila-a aplicando imágenes satelitales en el Humedal Ramsar, lago Guamués
Authors: Bucheli Rosero Luis Alejandro , Rojas Bastidas Brayan Franklin , Mafla Chamorro Francisco
Published: July 2022

Las fuentes puntuales y no puntuales de contaminación influyen directamente en la calidad del agua de los reservorios del planeta. Unos niveles altos de concentración de clorofila-a son indicadores de eutroficación, razón por la cual su monitoreo con metodologías alternativas de menor costo se convierte en una herramienta fundamental para alcanzar dicho objetivo, más aún cuando el humedal Ramsar empieza a tener síntomas de condiciones mesotróficas en sectores y periodos específicos. La metodología presentada se basa en la correlación entre clorofila-a (Cl-a) in situ y niveles de reflectancia extraída del análisis de imágenes satelitales. Se encontró una correlación con la combinación de bandas b2, b3, b4, b5 y b7 y se evidenció la variación espacial de Cla-a, así como valores altos en los años 2018 y 2020 en zonas de Mojondinoy, El Naranjal, Santa Teresita y Santa Lucía.
Revisión bibliográfica de los sistemas integrados de gestión ISO 14001 y OHSAS 18001. Estado actual y tendencias
Authors: Rivera María del Pilar , Moncayo Ricardo , Rivera Díaz Amanda Rivera Díaz
Published: July 2022

Este artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva de los trabajos en los que se implementan metodologías integradas a los sistemas de gestión que protegen al medioambiente (ISO14001) y a los trabajadores (OSHAS 18001). A través de un análisis bibliométrico se revisan las estrategias y las tendencias más significativas, siendo Estados Unidos el país en donde más se publica al respecto, principalmente sobre políticas internas del sistema de gestión integrado de diversos negocios.En la bibliografía analizada se propone adoptar indicadores integrados de evaluación de diagnóstico y de desempeño, aunque no se encuentra un instrumento de diagnóstico integrado de forma cuantitativa que permita identificar y evaluar los factores de riesgos existentes en el área de trabajo y la afectación a la salud humana
Análisis de los efectos dispersivos en un escenario de radio-sobre-fibra con características de la red 5g
Authors: Hidalgo Monsalve Dúmar , Medina Delgado Byron , Guevara Ibarra Dinael , Amaya Fernández Ferney , Álvarez Guerrero Jesús
Published: July 2022

En este trabajo de investigación se llevó a cabo la transmisión de señales OFDM, basadas en el estándar 5G New Radio, con el fin de establecer qué tanto los impedimentos óptico-inalámbricos afectan la comunicación en un escenario de transmisión de radio-sobre-fibra. Con el software Matlab se hicieron análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de las degradaciones en la información debidas a un canal óptico-inalámbrico. Los resultados permitieron demostrar que es posible realizar transmisiones OFDM bajo los lineamientos de 5G New Radio garantizando bajas tasas de error de bits en el rango de 0 a 20 km de fibra óptica, designado para aplicaciones 5G New Radio de baja latencia.