bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Status and Distribution of Sulphur in Acid Soils of Imphal East District, Manipur
Authors: Doruk Kasinam , Sarangthem Indira , Devi N. Surbala , Luikham Edwin , Singh N. Gopimohan
Published: June 2022

A pot experiment was conducted with thirty soils of varying characteristics for selecting the most suitable chemical extractant for available sulphur. Rice variety CAU-R1(Tamphaphou) was grown in pots treated with and without sulphur for eight weeks. At harvest dry matter of rice was recorded. The average dry matter yield increased significantly @30 kg ha-1 levels of S application. Sulphur in the soils was extracted with four different extractants. The extractable S of the soils varied considerably with the soils and the extractant used. In term of the efficiency of extraction,the extractants were in the order : 500 ppm Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O > 0.5M NaHCO3 > 0.5M NH4OAc > 0.15% CaCl2. Available sulphur extracted by 0.5M NH4OAc showed the highest correlation with Dry Matter Yield (0.510882**) , Total Plant Uptake (0.548974**), Bray’s % Yield (0.514887**), Bray’s % Uptake (0.70565**).Therefore,0.5M NH4OAc extractant was rated as most promising extractant for assessing S availability for rice in acid soils of Manipur. pH (-0.12481, -0.04153837, 0.15850443, -0.02106*), EC (-0.2696*,-0.08246, -0.21701*,-0.28734*),CEC (-0.27441*, -0.24183*, -0.18531, -0.28287*), sand (-0.00152, -0.0166 , -0.10168, 0.121165), silt (-0.00858 , -0.15039, -0.10699, 0.030722), Ca2+ (-0.1528, -0.1056 , 0.007184 , -0.09847) and Mg2+ (-0.27248*, -0.16614, -0.07896, -0.24056*) had negative correlations with all extractants of S. The positive relationships of almost all extractants of sulphur with clay texture (0.040966, 0.20296*, 0.306651**,-0.0879), organic carbon(0.096396, 0.32224**, 0.201351*, -0.09377), nitrogen (0.036851, 0.203472*, 0.24579*, -0.06179), phosphorus (0.301882**, 0.268273719*, 0.322386047**, 0.209681*) and potassium (0.023932, -0.00667852, -0.04825616 , 0.079524) were observed.
Substance Use Disorders: Suicide and Self-Harm
Authors: El-Morsy Nahla Abdalla , Ghareb Wessam Abd Al-Salam , Shama Gamal Taha , Alsawy Hossam El-Den Fathalla
Published: June 2022

Aims: To specify the demographic and risk factors and type of the substance use disorders most common with suicidal behaviors and self-harm.

Study Design: Observational cross-sectional research.

Place and Duration of Study: Neuropsychiatry Department and Psychiatry, Neurology and neurosurgery center, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. The study was conducted for duration of 6 months from January 2019 to June 2019.

Methodology: This was enrolled 105 aged 18-50 years to assess the type of substance use disorders most common with suicidal behaviours and self-harm with any duration of illness. Subjects were divided into three equal groups: Group 1 included healthy control subjects with no addiction or psychiatric problems with no history suggestive of any health problems. Group 2 included patients with substance use disorders (addict group). Group 3 included psychiatric patients without substance use disorders. All patients were subjected to addiction severity index, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Suicide probability scale, Barratt's impulsiveness scale, Self-Harm diagnosis scale and the positive and negative syndrome scale.

Results: There was a significantly different in the suicide categories among the cases with and without heroin intake (p=0.038). There was a significantly positive correlation among addiction severity index (ASI) and suicide score in the addiction group.

Conclusion: The incidence of anxiety and depression among individuals with substance use disorders is notably high, particularly at severe levels. We found also positive correlations between ASI and both suicide and self-harm scores in the addiction group. Depression and anxiety are frequently co-occurring in SUD patients.
Role of Three‐dimensional Power Doppler Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Versus Two‐dimensional and Color Doppler Ultrasonography
Authors: Elshorbagy Nabila A. , Elsokary Aml A. , Hefeda Mohamed M. , Soliman Ahmed T.
Published: June 2022

Background: Placenta accreta is a condition of abnormal placental implantation in which the placental tissue invades beyond the decidua basalis. It may invade into or even through the myometrium and adjacent organs, such as the urinary bladder. It is a major cause of obstetric hemorrhage and complication leading to significant maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to compare the role of three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography in the antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta versus two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonography.

Methods: A prospective comparative study design was conducted.

This study was performed on 50 Pregnant females at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tanta University Hospitals

Inclusion Criteria: Patients with placenta previa and previous one or more ceserian section at gestational age from 28 weeks to 36 weeks.

The diagnosis of placenta previa confirmed using all diagnostic techniques (gray scale, color Doppler, and 3D power Doppler) and full availability of delivery information.

Results: abnormal placental lacunae was most frequently encountered in 2D gray scale ultrasound as it was noted in 12 (24.0%) patients, thinning or disruption of hyperechoic serosa-bladder interface was detected in 8 (16.0 %) patients, loss of retroplacental sonolucent zone was detected in 7 (14.0 %) patients, irregular retroplacental sonolucent zone was noted in 5 (10.0%) patients, while presence of focal exophytic masses invading the urinary bladder was the least encountered as it was noted in 4 (8.0 %) patients.

The 2D gray scale initially diagnose 52.0% of study participants as placenta accreta and 48.0% as had no placenta accreta.

  Conclusions: There is no one imaging modality that provides the gold standard for diagnosing placental invasion. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for its detection in high risk patients. In contemporary obstetrical practice, this applies to patients with previous caesarean sections, and especially if there is a coexisting anterior low-lying placenta. A probable case of morbidly adherent placenta will benefit from preoperative multidisciplinary input and perioperative measures in preparation for an elective planned delivery
Effect of Trust Supplier on Firm Performance through Information Sharing and Collaboration in Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Setiawan Eric Oktavianus , Tarigan Zeplin Jiwa Husada , Siagian Hotlan
Published: June 2022

Information technology enables companies to build good communication and coordination with external partners. The information system owned by the company can provide fast information for management in determining the company's direction. This research proposed a model to investigate the effect of trust suppliers on firm performance through the mediation of information sharing and collaboration. For this purpose, this study postulates nine hypotheses to be examined. Eighty-five (85) manufacturing companies have been surveyed as the sample in this study. Data collection used a questionnaire designed with a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis used smartPLS software to examine the hypotheses. The result indicated that all hypotheses were supported as follows. Trust supplier, information sharing, and collaboration directly affect firm performance. Interestingly, information sharing and collaboration mediate the influence of trust in suppliers on firm performance. These findings provide a managerial implication on how to improve the firm performance by establishing trust in the supplier, sharing information, and developing collaboration between partners. This study also contributes to the current research in supply chain management.
Fuzzy‐based adaptive control design for stochastic nonlinear time‐delay systems via event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Liu Yongchao , Zeng Bowen , Zhu Qidan , Liu Di
Published: June 2022

This article elaborates an adaptive fuzzy event‐triggered control design for stochastic nonlinear time‐delay systems with full‐state constraints. The prescribed constraints are ensured by employing barrier Lyapunov function. The fuzzy logic systems are exploited to approximate lumped unknown nonlinear functions. By cleverly choosing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, the adverse effect of time‐delay is effectively overcome. Meanwhile, the event‐triggered mechanism is adopted to save communication resource. It is illustrated that all signals of the controlled system are bounded and all states are maintained the prescribed regions at every step of recursive backstepping design. Finally, simulation results elucidate the validity of the devised scheme.
Structurally Engineered Anisotropic Cobalt‐Based Nanostructures for Efficient Chlorine and Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Rana Supriya , Yadav Krishna K. , Sunaina  , Mehta Surinder K. , Jha Menaka
Published: June 2022

Electrochemical Cl2 generation using inexpensive electrocatalysis has drawn tremendous scientific attention to meet the future demand for chlorine. The present work deals with the design of the chemical process to synthesize anisotropically aligned metallic hcp‐cobalt nanoparticles. The as‐obtained hcp‐cobalt rods are utilized for the generation of O2 and Cl2 via an electrochemical process. Controlling the thermodynamic parameters during the thermal decomposition of cobalt oxalate rods leads to the formation of aligned nanoparticles. Detailed microscopic investigation shows that the slow heating rate favors the anisotropic growth of nanoparticles, and the fast‐heating rate leads to the formation of agglomerated nanoparticles. Anisotropically aligned hcp‐Co rods show an overpotential of 240 and 30 mV for O2 and Cl2 evolution, respectively. These findings elaborate that aligned particles (rod‐like structures) show promising electrocatalysts with better efficiency for O2 and Cl2 generation. Further, wastewater treatment is done by using in situ generated chlorine and 99% degradation efficiency is observed for textile effluents (methyl orange).
High‐Barrier‐Height Ti3C2Tx/Si Microstructure Schottky Junction‐Based Self‐Powered Photodetectors for Photoplethysmographic Monitoring
Authors: Song Longmei , Xu Enze , Yu Yongqiang , Jie Jianyong , Xia Yu , Chen Shirong , Jiang Yang , Xu Gaobin , Li Dachuang , Jie Jiansheng
Published: June 2022

A high Schottky barrier height (ΦB) is one of the essential prerequisites for achieving high‐performance self‐powered Schottky‐barrier diode (SBD)‐based photodetector. The ΦB value is predominantly determined by the metal function and interface quality of the metal/semiconductor contact. 2D MXenes with adjustable work functions and dangling bond‐free properties are promising building blocks for constructing self‐powered SBD with high ΦB. Herein, a novel Ti3C2Tx MXene/Si hexagonal microhole array (SiHMA) van der Waals SBD is developed for the first time via a feasible solution process. Significantly, the device possesses a large ΦB up to ≈1.07 eV, which is among the highest for the Si‐based SBD. In consequence, the Ti3C2Tx/SiHMA SBD yields a large responsivity up to 302 mA W−1 and detectivity as high as 5.4 × 1013 Jones in a self‐powered model, surpassing the performance of most 2D material/Si photodiodes reported to date. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that featured and reliable fingertip photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals can be detected using the self‐powered SBD, enabling us to further accurately extract the heart rate (HR), and blood pressures (BP) using the PPG‐only method. This work paves the way for the construction of high‐performance MXenes‐based self‐powered SBDs for health monitoring.
Implementation beyond the clinic: Community‐driven utilization of research evidence from PC CARES, a suicide prevention program
Authors: White Lauren A. , Wexler Lisa , Weaver Addie , Moto Roberta , Kirk Tanya , Rataj Suzanne , Trout Lucas , McEachern Diane
Published: June 2022

While implementation and dissemination of research is a rapidly growing area, critical questions remain about how, why, and under what conditions everyday people integrate and utilize research evidence. This mixed‐methods study investigates how participants of Promoting Community Conversations About Research to End Suicide (PC CARES) make sense of and use research evidence about suicide prevention in their own lives. PC CARES is a health intervention addressing the need for culturally responsive suicide prevention practices in rural Alaska through a series of community Learning Circles. We analyzed PC CARES transcripts and surveys for 376 participants aged 15+ across 10 Northwest Alaska Native villages. Quantitative analysis showed significant correlations between five utilization of research evidence (URE) factors and participants' intent to use research evidence from PC CARES Learning Circles. Key qualitative themes from Learning Circle transcripts expanded upon these URE constructs and included navigating discordant information, centering relationships, and Indigenous worldviews as key to interpreting research evidence. We integrate and organize our findings to inform two domains from the Consolidated Framework for Research Implementation: (1) intervention characteristics and (2) characteristics of individuals, with emphasis on findings most relevant for community settings where self‐determined, evidence‐informed action is especially important for addressing health inequities.
A Versatile Chemoenzymatic Nanoreactor that Mimics NAD(P)H Oxidase for the In Situ Regeneration of Cofactors
Authors: Rodriguez‐Abetxuko Andoni , Reifs Antonio , Sánchez‐deAlcázar Daniel , Beloqui Ana
Published: June 2022

Herein, we report a multifunctional chemoenzymatic nanoreactor (NanoNOx) for the glucose‐controlled regeneration of natural and artificial nicotinamide cofactors. NanoNOx are built of glucose oxidase‐polymer hybrids that assemble in the presence of an organometallic catalyst: hemin. The design of the hybrid is optimized to increase the effectiveness and the directional channeling at low substrate concentration. Importantly, NanoNOx can be reutilized without affecting the catalytic properties, can show high stability in the presence of organic solvents, and can effectively oxidize assorted natural and artificial enzyme cofactors. Finally, the hybrid was successfully coupled with NADH‐dependent dehydrogenases in one‐pot reactions, using a strategy based on the sequential injection of a fuel, namely, glucose. Hence, this study describes the first example of a hybrid chemoenzymatic nanomaterial able to efficiently mimic NOx enzymes in cooperative one‐pot cascade reactions.
In situ Synthesis of Supramolecular Polymers: Finding the Right Conditions when Combining Covalent and Non‐Covalent Synthesis
Authors: Schnitzer Tobias , Jansen S. A. H. , Mabesoone Mathijs F. J. , Vantomme Ghislaine , Meijer E. W.
Published: June 2022

The combination of covalent and non‐covalent synthesis is omnipresent in nature and potentially enables access to new materials. Yet, the fundamental principles that govern such a synthesis are barely understood. Here, we demonstrate how even simple reaction mixtures behave surprisingly complex when covalent reactions are coupled to self‐assembly processes. Specifically, we study the reaction behavior of a system in which the in situ formation of discotic benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA) monomers is linked to an intertwined non‐covalent reaction network including self‐assembly into helical BTA polymers. This system shows an unexpected phase‐separation behavior in which an interplay of reactant/product concentrations, side‐products and solvent purity determines the system composition. We envision that these insights can bring us one step closer to how to design the synthesis of systems in a combined covalent/non‐covalent fashion.
Atomically Dispersed MoOx on Rhodium Metallene Boosts Electrocatalyzed Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wu Jiandong , Fan Jinchang , Zhao Xiao , Wang Ying , Wang Dewen , Liu Hongtai , Gu Lin , Zhang Qinghua , Zheng Lirong , Singh David J. , Cui Xiaoqiang , Zheng Weitao
Published: June 2022

Accelerating slow water dissociation kinetics is key to boosting the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. We report the synthesis of atomically dispersed MoOx species anchored on Rh metallene using a one‐pot solvothermal method. The resulting structures expose the oxide‐metal interfaces to the maximum extent. This leads to a MoOx‐Rh catalyst with ultrahigh alkaline HER activity. We obtained a mass activity of 2.32 A mgRh−1 at an overpotential of 50 mV, which is 11.8 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C and surpasses the previously reported Rh‐based electrocatalysts. First‐principles calculations demonstrate that the interface between MoOx and Rh is the active center for alkaline HER. The MoOx sites preferentially adsorb and dissociate water molecules, and adjacent Rh sites adsorb the generated atomic hydrogen for efficient H2 evolution. Our findings illustrate the potential of atomic interface engineering strategies in electrocatalysis.
High‐Performance Lithium–Oxygen Batteries Using a Urea‐Based Electrolyte with Kinetically Favorable One‐Electron Li2O2 Oxidation Pathways
Authors: Sun Zongqiang , Lin Xiaodong , Wang Chutao , Hu Ajuan , Hou Qing , Tan Yanyan , Dou Wenjie , Yuan Ruming , Zheng Mingsen , Dong Quanfeng
Published: June 2022

Glymes are the most widely used electrolyte solvents in lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) due to their relatively high stability. However, their associated LOBs have long been plagued by large charge overpotential, which is closely related to the sluggish two‐electron Li2O2 oxidation mechanism. Here, we report a new electrolyte solvent—1,1,3,3‐tetramethylurea (TMU) for LOBs with high performance and an alternative mechanism, where a kinetically favorable one‐electron Li2O2 oxidation pathway can happen in the urea electrolyte system, thus leading to a much lower charge overpotential (≈0.51 V) compared to the tetraglyme‐based LOBs (≈1.27 V). Besides, TMU also exhibits good stability since it does not contain any α‐hydrogen atoms that are vulnerable to be attacked by superoxide species, thus suppressing the hydrogen abstraction side reactions. Consequently, the TMU‐based LOBs can stably work for more than 135 cycles, which is four times that of the tetraglyme‐based LOBs (≈28 cycles).
Biological functions of kojic acid and its derivatives in medicine, cosmetics, and food industry: Insights into health aspects
Authors: Brtko Julius
Published: June 2022

This review traces the road leading to the demonstration of a variety of kojic acid chemical and biological properties. It illustrates the biological effects of several synthetic kojic acid derivatives. Besides the main capability of kojic acid to inhibit the activity of tyrosinase in melanin synthesis, the focus is also on antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative, anti‐inflammatory, and other biological activities of kojic acid derivatives, which may be applicable in medicine. Kojic acid derivatives manifest antiparasitic effects and its metal complexes may serve as potential radioprotective agents. Several kojic acid derivatives exert antidiabetic therapeutic potential as nuclear peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha/gamma dual agonists. Kojic acid derivatives show pancreatic lipase inhibitor properties and some of its derivatives are cognate ligands for the histamine H3 receptor. Recently, “KojoTacrines” were reported as novel perspective preparations for the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Kojic acid derivatives possess insecticidal or pesticidal activity, and they are powerful chelators, able to form iron(III) containing nanocomposites, as well. Toxicology and health aspects of products containing kojic acid produced by the cosmetic, health care, or food industry are summarized. Kojic acid thus represents a highly attractive molecule containing a skeleton that allows the synthesis of new kojic acid derivatives to create a novel class of effective and specific pharmaceutical preparations.
Alterations of the Primary Cilia Gene SPAG17 and SOX9 Locus Noncoding RNAs Identified by RNA‐Sequencing Analysis in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Roberson Elisha D. O. , Carns Mary , Cao Li , Aren Kathleen , Goldberg Isaac A. , Morales‐Heil David J. , Korman Benjamin D. , Atkinson John P. , Varga John
Published: June 2022

Objective

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by immune activation, vasculopathy, and unresolving fibrosis in the skin, lungs, and other organs. We performed RNA‐sequencing analysis on skin biopsy samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SSc patients and unaffected controls to better understand the pathogenesis of SSc.

Methods

We analyzed these data 1) to test for case/control differences and 2) to identify genes whose expression levels correlate with SSc severity as measured by local skin score, modified Rodnan skin thickness score (MRSS), forced vital capacity (FVC), or diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco).

Results

We found that PBMCs from SSc patients showed a strong type I interferon signature. This signal was found to be replicated in the skin, with additional signals for increased extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, classical complement pathway activation, and the presence of B cells. Notably, we observed a marked decrease in the expression of SPAG17, a cilia component, in SSc skin. We identified genes that correlated with the MRSS, DLco, and FVC in SSc PBMCs and skin using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. These genes were largely distinct from the case/control differentially expressed genes. In PBMCs, type I interferon signatures negatively correlated with the DLco. In SSc skin, ECM gene expression positively correlated with the MRSS. Network analysis of SSc skin genes that correlated with clinical features identified the noncoding RNAs SOX9‐AS1 and ROCR, both near the SOX9 locus, as highly connected, “hub‐like” genes in the network.

Conclusion

These results identify noncoding RNAs and SPAG17 as novel factors potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc.
Substituent Effects at the 5,10‐Positions of Dianilinotripyrrins on Their Dimerization Themodynamics
Authors: Nishiyama Ayane , Ueta Kento , Umetani Masataka , Akamatsu Yuki , Tanaka Takayuki
Published: June 2022

Control of the association behavior by molecular design is one of the most essential benefits in artificial supramolecular systems. 1,14‐Dianilinotripyrrin has recently emerged as a novel conjugated molecule which forms a double helix in non‐polar solvents with the aid of multiple interstrand hydrogen bonding interactions. In this work, we investigated the substituent effects at the 5,10‐positions of tripyrrin on their association thermodynamics. This study illuminated two key findings; 1) electronic tuning by the para‐substituents reduce the entropic costs thereby slightly improve the association constants, and 2) ortho‐substituents force the tripyrrin core to be relatively planar, which significantly decreases the association constant due to less feasible π‐stacking.
Reducing water uptake into BY‐2 cells by systematically optimizing the cultivation parameters increases product yields achieved by transient expression in plant cell packs
Authors: Opdensteinen P. , Buyel J. F.
Published: June 2022

Plant‐based production systems are inexpensive and easy to handle, allowing them to complement existing platforms for the production of protein‐based vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostic reagents. However, screening product candidates in whole plants requires a large facility footprint and is challenging due to natural variations in recombinant protein accumulation. In contrast, plant cell packs (PCPs) allow more than 1000 samples to be screened per day in microtiter plates. PCPs enable rapid development cycles based on transient expression in as little as 3 days, and yield milligram quantities of product for initial quality assessment and functional testing. However, this requires high‐level expression in BY‐2 cells and consistent cell quality across batches. We therefore used a statistical design of experiments (DoE) approach to systematically assess factors that contribute to consistent high yields of recombinant proteins in PCPs. Specifically, we tested the osmolality, pH, carbon source, light source, and additives during cell cultivation, as well as cell and PCP harvest times. The careful adjustment of these factors increased overall productivity by approximately fourfold. Remarkably all cultivation conditions leading to high productivities during transient expression in PCPs were associated with a reduced water uptake into the central vacuole. The universal presence of a vacuole in plant cells indicates that our results should be transferrable to other cells lines. Our findings therefore support the broad application of PCPs for screening and product analysis during the development of protein‐based pharmaceuticals and reagents in plants.
Sustainable business models and innovation strategies to realize them: A review of 87 empirical cases
Authors: Mignon Ingrid , Bankel Amanda
Published: June 2022

The importance of developing sustainable business models has recently received increased interest in society and among scholars. While firms attempt to innovate their business models towards sustainability or create new businesses to address sustainability issues, it becomes clear that there is no one‐size‐fits‐all model when it comes to sustainable business models. Consequently, firms often struggle to identify, develop, and implement sustainable business models that suit them. This paper aims to address this problem by drawing on the wealth of recently published empirical studies and reviewing 87 cases where firms have performed business model innovation to achieve sustainable business models. Four main sustainable business models are identified that have been achieved through different business model innovation strategies. The review contributes to managers by offering a portfolio of strategies to achieve sustainable business models and to research by clarifying the relation between the business model innovation and sustainable business model concepts.
Impact of allogeneic red blood cell transfusion on prognosis in soft tissue sarcoma patients. A single‐centre study
Authors: Smolle Maria Anna , Helmberg Wolfgang , Matzhold Eva Maria , Barth Dominik Andreas , Sareban Nazanin , Szkandera Joanna , Liegl‐Atzwanger Bernadette , Leithner Andreas , Pichler Martin
Published: June 2022

Background

Perioperatively administered (leukocyte reduced) allogeneic red blood cell transfusions (lrRBCTs) may lead to transfusion‐related immunomodulation and reduced overall survival (OS) in cancer patients. Herein, the effect of lrRBCT on local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis (DM), and OS in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients was analysed.

Methods

Retrospective study on 432 STS patients (mean age: 60.0 ± 17.8 years; 46.1% female), surgically treated at a tertiary tumour centre. Uni‐ and multivariate survival models were calculated to analyse impact of perioperative lrRBCTs on LR, DM, OS.

Results

Perioperatively, 75 patients (17.4%) had received lrRBCTs. Older patients, deep, large, lower limb STS rather required lrRBCTs (all p < 0.05). No significant association between lrRBCT administration and LR‐ (p = 0.582) or DM‐risk (p = 0.084) was observed. LrRBCT was associated with worse OS in univariate analysis (HR: 2.222; p < 0.001), with statistical significance lost upon multivariate analysis (HR: 1.658; p = 0.059; including age, histology, size, grading, amputation, depth). Adding preoperative haemoglobin in subgroup of 220 patients with laboratory parameters revealed significant negative impact of low haemoglobin on OS (p = 0.014), whilst effect of lrRBCT was further diminished (p = 0.167).

Conclusion

Unfavourable prognostic factors prevail in STS patients requiring lrRBCTs. Low haemoglobin levels rather than lrRBCT seem to reduce OS.
Regulating Spatial Localization and Reactivity Biasness of DNAzymes by Metal Ions and Oligonucleotides
Authors: Mahato Rishi Ram , Shandilya Ekta , Shikha  , Maiti Subhabrata
Published: June 2022

Chemical gradient sensing behavior of catalytically active colloids and enzymes is an area of immense interest owing to their importance in understanding fundamental spatiotemporal complexity patterns in living systems and designing dynamic materials. Herein, we have shown the peroxidase activity of DNAzyme (G‐quadruplex‐hemin complex tagged in a micron‐sized glass bead) can be modulated by metal ions and metal ion‐binding oligonucleotides. Next we demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically, that the localization and product formation ability of the DNAzyme‐containing particle remains biased to the more catalytically active zone where the concentration of metal ion (Hg2+) inhibitor is low. Interestingly, this biased localization can be broken by introduction of Hg2+ binding oligonucleotide in the system. Additionally, a macroscopically asymmetric catalytic product distributed zone has been achieved with this process, showing the possibility of regulation in autonomous spatially controlled chemical processes. This demonstration of autonomous modulation of the localization pattern and spatially specific enhanced product forming ability of DNAzymes will further enable the design of responsive nucleic acid‐based motile materials and surfaces.
Ligand‐Controlled Palladium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Defluorinative Allylation of gem‐Difluorocyclopropanes via σ‐Bond Activation
Authors: Wu Lei , Wang Minyan , Liang Yong , Shi Zhuangzhi
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Monofluoroalkenes are important and versatile privileged components in pharmacologically relevant molecules. Here, we report a method for the selective construction of these compounds in a diversity‐oriented fashion through regiodivergent cross‐coupling of gem‐difluorocyclopropanes with allylboronates by employing a palladium catalyst with two different ligands, in which gem‐difluorocyclopropanes were used as allyl electrophiles by C—C and C—F bond activation. In the presence of 2‐biphenylyl(diphenyl)phosphine as ligand, the linear‐selective allyl–allyl bond formation is highly obtained, while utilizing the sterically hindered BrettPhos (dicyclohexyl[3,6‐dimethoxy‐2',4',6'‐tris(1‐methylethyl)[1,1'‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl]phosphine) as the ligand favors the generation of the branched‐selective product. Experimental and computational studies investigated the key steps of the cross‐coupling reactions, revealing the origin of the ligand‐controlled regiodivergence.
A combination of stromal PD‐L1 and tumoral nuclear β‐catenin expression as an indicator of colorectal carcinoma progression and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal carcinoma
Authors: Takahashi Hiroyuki , Watanabe Hirono , Hashimura Miki , Matsumoto Toshihide , Yokoi Ako , Nakagawa Mayu , Ishibashi Yu , Ito Takashi , Ohhigata Kensuke , Saegusa Makoto
Published: June 2022

Programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) and its ligand (PD‐L1) are significant mediators of immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. We focused on the immunological impact of PD‐1/PD‐L1 signaling during tumor progression in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and its association with resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in locally advanced rectal carcinoma (LAd‐RC). Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of 100 CRC cases (including 34 RC) without NCRT and 109 NCRT‐treated LAd‐RC cases were performed. Membranous tumoral PD‐L1 expression was identified in 9 of 100 (9%) CRC cases, including 1 of 34 (2.9%) RC cases, but PD‐L1 immunopositivity was not associated with any clinicopathological factors, with the exception of deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) status. In contrast, stromal PD‐L1+ immune cells, which frequently exhibited coexpression of PD‐1 and CD8 markers, were significantly correlated with tumor vessel invasion, nuclear β‐catenin+ tumor budding cancer stem cell (CSC)‐like features, and unfavorable prognosis. In the LAd‐RC cases, stromal CD8+ (but not PD‐L1+) immune cell infiltration in pretreatment‐biopsied samples was significantly and positively associated with therapeutic efficacy. After NCRT, tumoral PD‐L1 expression was observed in only 2 of 83 (2.4%) tumors, independent of dMMR status, whereas high stromal PD‐L1+ and tumoral nuclear β‐catenin positivity were significantly linked to a poor response to NCRT and high tumor budding features. In addition, high stromal PD‐L1 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with poorer overall survival. In conclusion, a combination of stromal PD‐L1+ immune cells and nuclear β‐catenin+ tumor budding may contribute to tumor progression in CRC and resistance to NCRT in LAd‐RC, through formation of niche‐like lesions that exhibit immune resistance and CSC properties.
Electrochemically Triggered Energy Release from an Azothiophene‐Based Molecular Solar Thermal System
Authors: Franz Evanie , Kunz Anne , Oberhof Nils , Heindl Andreas H. , Bertram Manon , Fusek Lukas , Taccardi Nicola , Wasserscheid Peter , Dreuw Andreas , Wegner Hermann A. , Brummel Olaf , Libuda Jörg
Published: June 2022

Molecular solar thermal (MOST) systems combine solar energy conversion, storage, and release in simple one‐photon one‐molecule processes. Here, we address the electrochemically triggered energy release from an azothiophene‐based MOST system by photoelectrochemical infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PEC‐IRRAS) and density functional theory (DFT). Specifically, the electrochemically triggered back‐reaction from the energy rich (Z)‐3‐cyanophenylazothiophene to its energy lean (E)‐isomer using highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as the working electrode was studied. Theory predicts that two reaction channels are accessible, an oxidative one (hole‐catalyzed) and a reductive one (electron‐catalyzed). Experimentally it was found that the photo‐isomer decomposes during hole‐catalyzed energy release. Electrochemically triggered back‐conversion was possible, however, through the electron‐catalyzed reaction channel. The reaction rate could be tuned by the electrode potential within two orders of magnitude. It was shown that the MOST system withstands 100 conversion cycles without detectable decomposition of the photoswitch. After 100 cycles, the photochemical conversion was still quantitative and the electrochemically triggered back‐reaction reached 94 % of the original conversion level.
Evaluation of model‐free predictive current control in three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drives fed by three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped inverters
Authors: Yu Feng , Zhou Chenhui , Wang Zinuo
Published: June 2022

This article evaluates the model‐free predictive current control for three‐level inverter‐fed permanent magnet synchronous motor drives based on a full‐update technique of dq‐axes current variations. The proposed method is implemented in three steps. First, the defined feature current variations are calculated relying on the projection relationship between the corresponding voltage vectors and are assigned to obtain the other current variations of the same category to enhance the updating frequency of dq‐axes current variations and the current quality as well. Second, a voltage pre‐selection is conducted in the predictive current control by virtue of the applied voltage vector. In this case, the enumeration of all available vectors is effectively omitted, yielding the reduced computational burden. At last, the unbalanced neutral‐point voltage of three‐level inverter is eliminated to improve the control performance. Experimental and simulated results have been employed to highlight the favorable performance of the proposed control strategy.
Generation of an Ihh‐mKate2‐Dre knock‐in mouse line
Authors: Li Rongyu , Cai Yunting , Lin Huisang , Dong Lei , Tang Mingchuan , Lang Yiming , Qi Yini , Peng Yanli , Zhou Bin , Yang Guan , Teng Yan , Yang Xiao
Published: June 2022

Indian hedgehog (Ihh), a member of the Hh family, plays important roles in vertebrate development and homeostasis. To improve our understanding of the function of Ihh‐expressing cells and their progeny as well, we generate an Ihh‐mKate2tomm20‐Dre knock‐in mouse line that can label Ihh‐positive cells with a fluorescence protein mKate2 and trace Ihh‐positive cells and their progeny via Dre‐mediated recombination. Consistent with previous reports, we verified Ihh expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes of growth plate and granulosa cells of ovarian follicles by mKate2 immunostaining, and meanwhile confirmed Dre activity in these cells via a Dre reporter mouse line Rosa26‐confetti2. We also found, for the first time, that Ihh can mark some cell types, including retinal ganglion cells, Purkinje cells, and gallbladder epithelial cells. Taken together, the Ihh‐mKate2tomm20‐Dre mouse is a genetic tool for examining the precise expression profile of Ihh and tracing Ihh‐expressing cells and their progeny.
Are menstrual symptoms associated with central sensitization inventory? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: de Arruda Guilherme Tavares , Driusso Patricia , Rodrigues Jéssica Cordeiro , de Godoy Amanda Garcia , Degani Adriana , Danna‐dos‐Santos Alessander , Avila Mariana Arias
Published: June 2022

Background

Dysmenorrhoea is a prevalent pain condition that affects women of reproductive age, who are monthly exposed to this pain, usually until they reach adult age, or even after that, which can predispose them to Central Sensitization. The present study aimed to observe the association between menstrual characteristics and central sensitivity symptoms in women.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study. Brazilian women (n = 10,402) answered an online form comprised of questions regarding their gynaecological history, the Numerical Rating Scale for pain and the Central Sensitization Inventory, part A. For the analysis, we separated women into two groups: the Central Sensitivity Symptoms group (n = 5200) and the no Central Sensitivity Symptoms group (n = 5202). We performed a binary logistic regression with the backward insertion method for the variables withp < 0.05 in the bivariate analysis between groups. The significance level was set at 5%.

Results

Prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 67.3%, and 32.2% of women in the Central Sensitivity Symptoms group reported pain >8 during their menstrual period. The logistic regression showed that greater levels of menstrual pain (odds ratio 1.12), gynaecological diseases (odds ratio 1.51), presence of dysmenorrhoea since adolescence (odds ratio 1.20) and irregular menstrual cycles (odds ratio 1.47) increased the likelihood of women presenting with Central Sensitivity Symptoms (p < 0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusions

The present study shows that Central Sensitivity Symptoms are present in about 50% of women and are associated with menstrual characteristics such as dysmenorrhoea‐related pain intensity, cycle regularity, presence of dysmenorrhoea since adolescence accompanied by gynaecological diseases.

Significance

Central sensitivity symptoms occur in 50% of women and are more present in women with dysmenorrhoea. They are associated with cycle regularity, presence of dysmenorrhoea since adolescence and gynaecological diseases.

Limitations

Women that suffer from dysmenorrhoea and are of higher socio‐economic and educational levels may have been more propense to respond to the invitation; as such, the findings of the present study should be carefully interpreted.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of conventional spinal cord stimulation on chronic pain and health perceptions: A longitudinal controlled trial
Authors: Brill Silviu , Defrin Ruth , Aryeh Itay Goor , Zusman Adva Meseritz , Benyamini Yael
Published: June 2022

Background

The effectiveness and long‐term outcomes of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are not fully established, especially considering that data from patients who withdrew from the trial are rarely analysed, which may lead to overestimation of SCS efficacy. We evaluated short‐ and long‐term effects of SCS on chronic pain and perceived health, beyond natural variability in these outcomes.

Methods

In a prospective design, 176 chronic pain patients referred to SCS were evaluated five times (baseline; retest ~6 weeks later; post‐SCS trial; 8 and 28 weeks post‐permanent implantation). Patients whose SCS trial failed (Temp group) were followed up and compared to those who underwent permanent SCS (Perm group).

Results

Analyses revealed a non‐linear (U‐shaped) trend significantly different between the two groups. In the Perm group, a significant improvement occurred post‐SCS implantation in pain severity, pain interference, health‐related quality of life and self‐rated health, which was followed by gradual worsening and return to baseline values at end of follow‐up. In the Temp group, only minor changes occurred in these outcomes over time. On average, baseline and end of follow‐up values in the Perm and Temp groups were similar: ~40% in each group exhibited an increase in pain severity over time and 38% and 33%, respectively, exhibited reductions in pain severity over time.

Conclusions

Since the greatest improvement in the outcome measures occurred from baseline to post‐SCS trial (T1–T3) followed by a gradual decline in the effect, it appears that SCS may not be effective for the majority of chronic pain patients.

Significance

This longitudinal study evaluated short and long term effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on chronic pain outcome measures, beyond their natural variation in time. Despite significant short term improvements, by the end of the seven months' follow‐up, the outcomes in the treatment group (people who received the permanent implantation) were similar to those of the control group (people whose SCS trial failed and did not continue to permanent implantation) suggesting SCS may not be cost‐effective for chronic pain patients.
Welfare state support during theCOVID‐19 pandemic: Change and continuity in public attitudes towards social policies in Germany
Authors: Ebbinghaus Bernhard , Lehner Lukas , Naumann Elias
Published: June 2022

Our analysis asks whether the pandemic situation affects welfare state support in Germany. The pandemic has increased the health and income risks calling for welfare state intervention. While increased needs, more deservingness, and higher state responsibility during such a crisis would suggest augmented support generally and among those at risk, this might be a short‐term effect and cost considerations could reverse this trend. We study public attitudes towards four key social policy areas based on the German Internet Panel (GIP). We use three waves prior and further three waves since the pandemic had been declared in March 2020. The analysis shows both continuity in the popularity of social policies, in particular health and pensions, and some short‐term increase in support for unemployment and family policies. The results after nearly 2 years suggest rather continuation with some thermostatic short‐term boosts in support instead of any long‐lasting change.
CFD simulations of wind flow across scarped foredunes: Implications for sediment pathways and beach–dune recovery after storms
Authors: Bauer Bernard O. , Wakes Sarah J.
Published: June 2022

Beach–dune systems are dynamic geomorphic environments subject to erosion during storms and reconstruction during swell‐dominated inter‐storm periods. Wave‐cut scarps are frequently carved into the beach–dune profile, occasionally eroding the stoss slope of the foredune. Although the rapid phases of erosion have been researched and modelled extensively, relatively little is known about beach–dune recovery, especially scarp healing by aeolian processes. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling was deployed in this study to yield insights into different flow patterns across beach–dune profiles with three model foredunes (unscarped, 1 m scarp, 2 m scarp) for varying wind approach angles (α = 0–45°). The results show that the presence of a scarp substantially modifies the flow dynamics on the backbeach in front of the foredune. Vertical profiles of turbulence kinetic energy indicate that the influence of this flow‐modified zone extends out to about −7hfrom the scarp base (wherehis the scarp height). The reduction in onshore wind speed that is characteristic of this flow‐modified zone favours sand deposition on the backbeach and sand ramp development at the base of the scarp. Shore‐normal wind approach angles yield discontinuous roller‐like vortices with reversing (offshore) flow components at the sand surface, accompanied by the evolution of echo dunes. Oblique wind approach angles yield corkscrew (helicoidal) vortices that lead to the formation of continuous sand ramps alongshore. A conceptual model of scarp healing based on ideas previously discussed in the literature and enhanced by the CFD simulation results highlights the importance of sand ramps for reconnecting the transport system on the beach to the foredune stoss slope, thereby facilitating foredune growth and maintenance.
Light use efficiency of lettuce cultivation in vertical farms compared with greenhouse and field
Authors: Jin Wenqing , Formiga Lopez David , Heuvelink Ep , Marcelis Leo F. M.
Published: June 2022

Vertical farming is a relatively new fresh fruit and vegetable production system, where lamps (mostly light emitting diodes [LED]) are the sole light source. A high light use efficiency (LUEinc), defined as shoot dry weight per incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD; g mol−1) integral, is crucial for the economic viability of vertical farming. Very different values for LUEinc have been reported in the literature and it is not clear whether LUEinc is higher in vertical farming than in greenhouse or open field cultivation. Values of LUEinc of lettuce grown in a vertical farm (53 studies), greenhouse (13 studies) and open field (8 studies) were collected from literature, as well as relevant cultivation aspects such as lettuce weight at harvest, cultivation period (plant age at harvest), daily light integral, cumulative daily light integral for the whole cultivation period, planting density and CO2 concentration. The average LUEinc for lettuce grown in a vertical farm was 0.55 g mol−1 which was higher than 0.39 g mol−1 for greenhouse‐grown lettuce. Both were substantially higher than for field‐grown lettuce (0.23 g mol−1). The maximum measured LUEinc for lettuce grown in a vertical farm (1.63 g mol−1) is close to the published maximum theoretical value, which ranges from 1.26 to 1.81 g mol−1. Since all environmental factors can be fully controlled, vertical farming has the capability to achieve the theoretical maximum LUEinc. Using the highest reported LUEinc based on shoot fresh weight (44 g mol−1 at 200 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD and 16 h photoperiod), it is estimated that each layer of a vertical farm can potentially produce annually up to 700 kg of lettuce per m2 at 500 μmol m−2 s−1 of continuous light.
On transient MHD heat transfer within a radiative porous channel due to convective boundary conditions
Authors: Isah Bala Yabo , Abdullahi Bashiru , Seini Ibrahim Y.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the steady/transient magnetohydrodynamics heat transfer within a radiative porous channel due to convective boundary conditions is considered. The solution of the steady‐state and that of the transient version were conveyed by the perturbation and finite difference methods, respectively. The heat transfer mechanism of the present work ascertain the influence of Biot number (), magnetizing parameter , radiation parameter , temperature difference, suction/injection , Grashof number , and time on velocity , temperature , skin friction , and Nusselt number . The results were established and discussed with the help of a line graph. It was found that the velocity, temperature, and skin friction decay with increasing suction/injection and magnetizing parameters while the Nusselt number upsurges with suction/injection at y = 0 and falls at y = 1. The steady‐state solution was in perfect agreement with the transient version for a significant value of time t. It is interesting to report that the Biot number has a cogent influence consequently, as its values upsurge the result of the present work slant the extended literature.