bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-world and cross-disciplinary dialogue: A more integrated, global approach to childhood studies
Authors: Punch Samantha
Published: August 2016

This article, by drawing on examples from sociology, anthropology and geography, argues that childhood studies is generally a multi-disciplinary field rather than inter-disciplinary. It emphasises that childhood studies could benefit from greater dialogue between its sub-disciplines as well as with those outside academia. While advances have been made, there is a persistent gap/tension between the discourse of childhood studies and arenas of practice and policy. More effective dialogue could also enhance learning across the Majority and Minority Worlds. While recognising the limitations and challenges of cross-world dialogue, the article suggests some areas of commonalities and differences between childhoods in the Majority and Minority World as avenues for further empirical and theoretical exploration. The increasingly blurred boundaries across different world areas and across subfields highlight the need for more inter-disciplinary, cross-world dialogue which also bridges the divide between academia and practice.
‘Is this the tallest building in the world?’ A posthuman approach to ethical dilemmas in young children’s learning projects
Authors: Palmer Anna
Published: August 2016

In this article, I explore alternative ways of understanding ethics in preschool. In this, I draw on a posthumanist understanding of ethical concerns as entangled intra-actions of the world, rather than as a human affair. The examined data are part of an ongoing preschool project called ‘Children’s relations to the city’, in which children begin to investigate tall buildings in the immediate vicinity of the preschool and then turn their attention to other larger and more famous buildings in the world, such as Burj Khalifa, the World Trade Centre and Tapei 101. At first, the children seem to be interested in mathematics and science and collaboratively measure and compare the towers shown on pictures. The project then changes gear, and the children ask questions about the living conditions in faraway countries. This transfers the project from the local preschool to a global world in which complex ethical dilemmas emerge. The article discusses the ethics that can emerge when understanding children’s play and learning in preschool as always and already ethical and entangled with a more-than-human global world.
Belonging as a force of agency: An exploration of immigrant children’s everyday life in early childhood settings
Authors: Guo Karen , Dalli Carmen
Published: August 2016

The notion of agency is being used with increasing frequency in early childhood policies, replacing traditional assumptions about young children’s immaturity and their role as mere recipients of adults’ arrangements. Agency is thus both an educational aspiration as well as a signifier of a strong rights-based political commitment to countering views of children as immature and incompetent. This article develops the argument that agency is inherently a sociocultural product that is driven by children’s clear attempts to bond with others and to develop a sense of belonging. Using examples of the everyday experiences of two Chinese immigrant children in an early childhood centre, the article considers ways in which agency was exercised by the children in an unfamiliar sociocultural setting because they wanted to belong. Some crucial issues are highlighted for practice and policy development in the area of immigrant children’s education, arguing that the shaping of early childhood education requires an attention to children’s ‘invisible’ capabilities, needs to belong and ‘small’ everyday life realities.
Incidental Finding of Right Coronary Artery to Pulmonary Artery Fistula During Surgical Repair of Aortic Arch Atresia in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Horne David , Morris Shaine A. , Colquitt John L. , Molossi Silvana M. , McKenzie E. Dean
Published: August 2016

Aortic arch atresia has not been associated with coronary anomalies. We present a unique case of a patient with Turner syndrome and aortic arch atresia with the incidental finding of a right coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistula at the time of surgical repair.
A Rare Cause of Pediatric Stroke
Authors: Juaneda Ignacio , Peirone Alejandro , Contreras Alejandro , Díaz Juan , Roca Federico
Published: August 2016

We describe a case of sudden-onset left-sided hemiparesis and dysarthria in a five-year-old boy. Acute vascular malformation bleeding or ischemic stroke was suspected. Neurological examination three weeks after the initial event revealed mild residual facial paresis. Brain angiography ruled out a vascular malformation. A work-up echocardiogram revealed a 4-cm left atrial mass compatible with cardiac myxoma. Urgent surgical resection of the mass under cardiopulmonary bypass confirmed the diagnosis. Uneventful recovery followed surgical resection. In this report, we present a partially embolized left atrial myxoma that caused an acute ischemic stroke, which is rarely considered and encountered in the pediatric population.
Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome With Tricuspid Atresia, Ventricular Septal Defect, and Aneurysmal Dilated Pulmonary Artery: A Case Report of Successful Fontan Completion
Authors: Futuki Ayano , Fujiwara Keiichi , Yoshizawa Kosuke , Sakazaki Hisanori
Published: August 2016

Of the associated cardiac defects with absent pulmonary valve, the combination of tricuspid atresia, ventricular septal defect, and aneurysmal dilatation of the pulmonary arteries is very rare. We report the case of a low-birth-weight girl (2,282 g) with this anomaly, which was prenatally diagnosed. Fontan completion was successfully achieved at 16 months of age, following staged palliative procedures including banding of the main pulmonary trunk and plication of the aneurysmal dilated central pulmonary artery.
Traditional Wisdom in Land Use and Resource Management Among the Lugbara of Uganda
Authors: Agatha Alidri
Published: August 2016

This article is the result of PhD research work into traditional and modern law, order, and judicial systems among the Lugbara of Uganda. Although a segmentary society, the Lugbara used indigenous wisdom and lived experience to develop traditional law to guide in the management of land, flora, fauna, and water for posterity. Cultural beliefs, values, norms, and practices that guided land use and resource management were handed down by word of mouth through generations. Clan elders were the custodians of clan resources, guiding the people in negotiating the pitfalls and contradictions of human life. Development and its associated problems could be addressed using indigenous knowledge and wisdom. The beneficiaries need the capacity to sustain development by using the available local knowledge and resources. Rethinking traditional knowledge and wisdom could act as a strategy for sustainable development.
Accuracy of Suture Passage During Arthroscopic Remplissage—What Anatomic Landmarks Can Improve It?
Authors: Garcia Grant H. , Degen Ryan M. , Liu Joseph N. , Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Dines Joshua S.
Published: August 2016

Background:

Recent data suggest that inaccurate suture passage during remplissage may contribute to a loss of external rotation, with the potential to cause posterior shoulder pain because of the proximity to the musculotendinous junction.

Purpose:

To evaluate the accuracy of suture passage during remplissage and identify surface landmarks to improve accuracy.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Arthroscopic remplissage was performed on 6 cadaveric shoulder specimens. Two single-loaded suture anchors were used for each remplissage. After suture passage, position was recorded in reference to the posterolateral acromion (PLA), with entry perpendicular to the humeral surface. After these measurements, the location of posterior cuff penetration was identified by careful surgical dissection.

Results:

Twenty-four sutures were passed in 6 specimens: 6 sutures (25.0%) were correctly passed through the infraspinatus tendon, 12 (50%) were through the infraspinatus muscle or musculotendinous junction (MTJ), and 6 (25%) were through the teres minor. Suture passage through the infraspinatus were on average 25 ± 5.4 mm inferior to the PLA, while sutures passing through the teres minor were on average 35.8 ± 5.7 mm inferior to the PLA. There was an odds ratio of 25 (95% CI, 2.1-298.3; P < .001) that the suture would be through the infraspinatus if the passes were less than 3 cm inferior to the PLA. Sutures passing through muscle and the MTJ were significantly more medial than those passing through tendon, measuring on average 8.1 ± 5.1 mm lateral to the PLA compared with 14.5 ± 5.5 mm ( P < .02). If suture passes were greater than 1 cm lateral to the PLA, it was significantly more likely to be in tendon ( P = .013).

Conclusion:

We found remplissage suture passage was inaccurate, with only 25% of sutures penetrating the infraspinatus tendon. Passing sutures 1 cm lateral and within 3 cm inferior of the PLA improves the odds of successful infraspinatus tenodesis. We recommend this “safe zone” to improve the odds of infraspinatus tenodesis during remplissage. These results may help improve remplissage techniques and prevent previously reported complications, including external rotation loss and pain from myodesis.
Asset-Based Community Maps: A Tool for Expanding Resources in Community Health Programs
Authors: Briggs Lindsay , Huang Yan
Published: August 2016

Community asset mapping is an essential tool for emerging public health professionals who seek to engage communities in working collaboratively to identify existing resources already available in the community. Using community asset mapping, communities and public health professionals can stretch the reach of limited resources that communities often face while implementing new or expanded health promotion programs. This community asset maps activity is intended to introduce the process and skill to undergraduate health education students as a method for use in their future careers. This skill will help future professionals maximize what is already present in the community before dedicating valuable resources to new or improved health education programs and strategies.
“#Literate Lives Matter”
Authors: Ladson-Billings Gloria
Published: August 2016

Literacy for African Americans has never been merely about skill development and text comprehension. Its primary purposes and foci have been liberation, empowerment, and self-determination. From slave narratives to contemporary liberation movements assisted by social media, African Americans have deployed literacy strategically to as Paulo Freire says, “to read the word and the world.” This lecture draws on the author’s family and personal history along with her research career to illustrate that “literate lives matter!”
Matching for the nonconventional MHC-I MICA gene significantly reduces the incidence of acute and chronic GVHD
Authors: Carapito Raphael , Jung Nicolas , Kwemou Marius , Untrau Meiggie , Michel Sandra , Pichot Angélique , Giacometti Gaëlle , Macquin Cécile , Ilias Wassila , Morlon Aurore , Kotova Irina , Apostolova Petya , Schmitt-Graeff Annette , Cesbron Anne , Gagne Katia , Oudshoorn Machteld , van der Holt Bronno , Labalette Myriam , Spierings Eric , Picard Christophe , Loiseau Pascale , Tamouza Ryad , Toubert Antoine , Parissiadis Anne , Dubois Valérie , Lafarge Xavier , Maumy-Bertrand Myriam , Bertrand Frédéric , Vago Luca , Ciceri Fabio , Paillard Catherine , Querol Sergi , Sierra Jorge , Fleischhauer Katharina , Nagler Arnon , Labopin Myriam , Inoko Hidetoshi , von dem Borne Peter A. , Kuball Jürgen , Ota Masao , Katsuyama Yoshihiko , Michallet Mauricette , Lioure Bruno , Peffault de Latour Régis , Blaise Didier , Cornelissen Jan J. , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Claas Frans , Moreau Philippe , Milpied Noël , Charron Dominique , Mohty Mohamad , Zeiser Robert , Socié Gérard , Bahram Seiamak
Published: August 2016

Key Points

Matching for MICA significantly reduces the incidence of acute and chronic GVHD in otherwise HLA 10/10-matched unrelated-donor HCT. Our results formally define MICA as a novel major histocompatibility complex-encoded human transplantation antigen.
Biomarkers defining the metabolic age of red blood cells during cold storage
Authors: Paglia Giuseppe , D’Alessandro Angelo , Rolfsson Óttar , Sigurjónsson Ólafur E. , Bordbar Aarash , Palsson Sirus , Nemkov Travis , Hansen Kirk C. , Gudmundsson Sveinn , Palsson Bernhard O.
Published: August 2016

Key Points

Eight extracellular biomarkers define the metabolic age of stored RBCs. Metabolomics defines a universal signature of RBC storage lesion.
Does temporal and locational flexibility of work increase the supply of working hours? Evidence from the Netherlands
Authors: Possenriede Daniel , Hassink Wolter H.J. , Plantenga Janneke
Published: August 2016

In recent years, many employees have gained more control over temporal and locational aspects of their work via a variety of flexible work arrangements, such as flexi-time and telehomework. This temporal and locational flexibility of work (TLF) is often seen as a means to facilitate the combination of work and private life. As such it has been recommended as a policy to increase the average number of working hours of part-time workers. To the best of our knowledge, the effectiveness of this policy instrument has not been tested empirically yet. We therefore analyse whether flexi-time and telehomework arrangements increase the number of actual, contracted, and preferred working hours. Based on Dutch household panel data, our results indicate that the link between TLF and working hours is quite weak. Telehomework is associated with moderate increases in actual hours, but not in contracted or preferred hours. Flexi-time generally does not seem to be associated with an increase in hours worked. Despite positive effects on job satisfaction and working time fit, we do not find any convincing evidence of a positive effect of TLF on labour supply.

JEL classification: J22, J32, M52, M54
High quality draft genome sequence of the type strain of Pseudomonas lutea OK2T, a phosphate-solubilizing rhizospheric bacterium
Authors: Kwak Yunyoung , Park Gun-Seok , Shin Jae-Ho
Published: August 2016

Pseudomonas lutea OK2T (=LMG 21974T, CECT 5822T) is the type strain of the species and was isolated from the rhizosphere of grass growing in Spain in 2003 based on its phosphate-solubilizing capacity. In order to identify the functional significance of phosphate solubilization in Pseudomonas Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, we describe here the phenotypic characteristics of strain OK2T along with its high-quality draft genome sequence, its annotation, and analysis. The genome is comprised of 5,647,497 bp with 60.15 % G + C content. The sequence includes 4,846 protein-coding genes and 95 RNA genes.
Definitive Management of Primary Bladder Tumors in the Context of Metastatic Disease: Who, How, When, and Why?
Authors: Galsky Matthew D. , Domingo-Domenech Josep , Sfakianos John P. , Ferket Bart S.
Published: August 2016

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.

A 70-year-old man with urothelial cancer of the bladder (UBC) metastatic to the pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes was treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin, but after two cycles neutropenic sepsis developed, which required a prolonged intensive care unit admission. Upon recovery, repeat imaging studies revealed progressive pelvic and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, and the patient enrolled in a clinical trial that evaluated treatment with an anti-PD-L1 antibody. The patient achieved a complete radiographic response to immune checkpoint blockade, which continued for 18 months after initiating therapy ( Fig 1 ). However, at that time, a cystoscopy of his primary tumor and a transurethral resection revealed residual muscle-invasive UBC. The patient asked whether there is any role for definitive local therapy of his primary bladder tumor with radical cystectomy or radiation.
Recent Insights Into Molecular Mechanisms of Propofol-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity: Implications for the Protective Strategies
Authors: Bosnjak Zeljko J. , Logan Sarah , Liu Yanan , Bai Xiaowen
Published: August 2016

Mounting evidence has demonstrated that general anesthetics could induce developmental neurotoxicity, including acute widespread neuronal cell death, followed by long-term memory and learning abnormalities. Propofol is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic agent for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia and procedural and critical care sedation in children. Compared with other anesthetic drugs, little information is available on its potential contributions to neurotoxicity. Growing evidence from multiple experimental models showed a similar neurotoxic effect of propofol as observed in other anesthetic drugs, raising serious concerns regarding pediatric propofol anesthesia. The aim of this review is to summarize the current findings of propofol-induced developmental neurotoxicity. We first present the evidence of neurotoxicity from animal models, animal cell culture, and human stem cell–derived neuron culture studies. We then discuss the mechanism of propofol-induced developmental neurotoxicity, such as increased cell death in neurons and oligodendrocytes, dysregulation of neurogenesis, abnormal dendritic development, and decreases in neurotrophic factor expression. Recent findings of complex mechanisms of propofol action, including alterations in microRNAs and mitochondrial fission, are discussed as well. An understanding of the toxic effect of propofol and the underlying mechanisms may help to develop effective novel protective or therapeutic strategies for avoiding the neurotoxicity in the developing human brain.
Assessment of the Interrater Reliability of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons Microanastomosis Assessment Scale
Authors: Pines Andrew R. , Alghoul Mohammed S. , Hamade Youssef J. , Sattur Mithun G. , Aoun Rami James N. , Halasa Tariq K. , Krishna Chandan , Zammar Samer G. , El Tecle Najib E. , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Aoun Salah G. , Byrne Richard W. , Harrop James S. , Ragel Brian T. , Resnick Daniel K. , Lonser Russell R. , Selden Nathan R. , Bendok Bernard R.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: The potential for simulation-based learning in neurosurgical training has led the Congress of Neurosurgical Surgeons to develop a series of simulation modules. The Northwestern Objective Microanastomosis Assessment Tool (NOMAT) was created as the corresponding assessment tool for the Congress of Neurosurgical Surgeons Microanastomosis Module. The face and construct validity of the NOMAT have been previously established.

OBJECTIVE: To further validate the NOMAT by determining its interrater reliability (IRR) between raters of varying levels of microsurgical expertise.

METHODS: The NOMAT was used to assess residents’ performance in a microanastomosis simulation module in 2 settings: Northwestern University and the Society of Neurological Surgeons 2014 Boot Camp at the University of Indiana. At Northwestern University, participants were scored by 2 experienced microsurgeons. At the University of Indiana, participants were scored by 2 postdoctoral fellows and an experienced microsurgeon. The IRR of NOMAT was estimated by computing the intraclass correlation coefficient using SPSS v22.0 (IBM, Armonk, New York).

RESULTS: A total of 75 residents were assessed. At Northwestern University, 21 residents each performed microanastomosis on 2 model vessels of different sizes, one 3 mm and one 1 mm. At the University of Indiana, 54 residents performed a single microanastomosis procedure on 3-mm vessels. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the total NOMAT scores was 0.88 at Northwestern University and 0.78 at the University of Indiana.

CONCLUSION: This study indicates high IRR for the NOMAT. These results suggest that the use of raters with varying levels of expertise does not compromise the precision or validity of the scale. This allows for a wider adoption of the scale and, hence, a greater potential educational impact.
Collective migration and cell jamming in asthma, cancer and development
Authors: Park Jin-Ah , Atia Lior , Mitchel Jennifer A. , Fredberg Jeffrey J. , Butler James P.
Published: August 2016

Collective cellular migration within the epithelial layer impacts upon development, wound healing and cancer invasion, but remains poorly understood. Prevailing conceptual frameworks tend to focus on the isolated role of each particular underlying factor – taken one at a time or at most a few at a time – and thus might not be tailored to describe a cellular collective that embodies a wide palette of physical and molecular interactions that are both strong and complex. To bridge this gap, we shift the spotlight to the emerging concept of cell jamming, which points to only a small set of parameters that govern when a cellular collective might jam and rigidify like a solid, or instead unjam and flow like a fluid. As gateways to cellular migration, the unjamming transition (UJT) and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) share certain superficial similarities, but their congruence – or lack thereof – remains unclear. In this Commentary, we discuss aspects of cell jamming, its established role in human epithelial cell layers derived from the airways of non-asthmatic and asthmatic donors, and its speculative but emerging roles in development and cancer cell invasion.
Peculiarities of Data Interpretation upon Direct Tissue Analysis by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chagovets Vitaliy , Kononikhin Aleksey , Starodubtseva Nataliia , Kostyukevich Yury , Popov Igor , Frankevich Vladimir , Nikolaev Eugene
Published: August 2016

The importance of high-resolution mass spectrometry for the correct data interpretation of a direct tissue analysis is demonstrated with an example of its clinical application for an endometriosis study. Multivariate analysis of the data discovers lipid species differentially expressed in different tissues under investigation. High-resolution mass spectrometry allows unambiguous separation of peaks with close masses that correspond to proton and sodium adducts of phosphatidylcholines and to phosphatidylcholines differing in double bond number.
DYNAMICS OF BLOOD PARAMETERS OF COWS IN THE CORRECTION OF ENDOMETRITIS
Authors: Мешков  , Meshkov Ilya , Баймишев  , Baymishev Khamidulla , Баймишев  , Baymishev Murat , Пристяжнюк  , Pristyazhnyuk Oksana
Published: August 2016

The aim of the study is improving the efficiency of cows acute postpartum endometritis treatment by use of the drug Metrolek-O. For the treatment of cows acute postpartum endometritis was used the drug Metrolek-O in the dose of 40, 50 and 60 ml with an interval of 48 hours, intrauterus. For the study of blood counts during the cows treatment of the studied groups, blood was taken before and after clinical diagnosis of healing. Blood was taken from 5 cows from each group of IP-using system «Monojet» from tail vein. It was found that sick animals reduced content in the blood: hemoglobin – 22.80 g/l; erythrocytes – х1012 of 1.05 g/l; segment reflexology point pressure-nuclear neutrophils – was 4.02%; globulins – to 10.97% at simultaneous increase in quantity of leukocytes by 2,94х109 g/l and albumin – to 10.97%. When we use dose of the drug Metrolek-O – 50 ml morphological and biochemical blood parameters had large indicators that correspond to background. Drug Metrolek-O in the dose of 50 ml of the more effective as it provides normalization of the gradient of blood and recovery of animals by anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, constant and regenerating properties, and increasing the dose to 60 ml ineffective because of the allergic properties of the drug, as evidenced by the increase of eozinophils 1.89%.
TRANSFORMATION OF PROTEIN AND ENERGY FOOD IN PROTEIN, AND ENERGY
Authors: Исхаков  , Iskhakov Rishat
Published: August 2016

The purpose of research is comparative evaluation of meat efficiency Black and Motley bull-calves breed and its hybrids with Aberdeen Angus and Limousines. Scientific and economic experience I was held in SEC by Kirov Dyurtyulinsky District Republic of Bashkortostan. For the research it was formed 3 groups of 15 steers heads each. Group I was consisted of purebred bull calves of Black-motley breed in II – the Half-Blood crossbred Aberdeen Angus x Black-and-white, in the III – the Half-Blood crossbred bulls Limo´s Black-and-white. Bulls to 6 months of age were grown by hand-watering of milk, and then they were in the feedlot. To study the meat quality assessment and steers by effectively feed conversion in essential nutrients meat products held con-controlling slaughter 3 animals in each group according to the experimental scheme of 15 and 18 months. The results of the slaughter of calves suggest that age increases the mass of the carcass, the internal fat of raw and slaughter yield of animals of all groups. Increased steam carcass weight at 18 months of age compared to 15 months in animals in group I was 43.1 kg (20.2%), II – 46.7 kg (20.4%) and Group III – 55.0 kg (23.5%). At the same time supply growth rate carcasses crossbred bulls II and III groups were superior to purebred steers to 18.2 kg (7.1%) and 32.0 kg (12.5%). At 15 months of age protein conversion rate ranged from 7.46 to 7.95%, energy – from 3.62 to 3.93% in 18 months – respectively, from 7.32 to 7.86%, and 4.17 to 4.64%. At the same time the best trans-formation of the protein in the meat products had cigarette butts all groups in the 15 months of age. Crossbred young groups II and III of this indicator exceeded peer group I in 15 months at 0.49 and 0.38%.
Constitutional Rights for Nonresident Aliens
Authors: Walen Alec D.
Published: August 2016

Nonresident aliens benefit from basic U.S. constitutional rights reciprocity of obligation requires as much, and recognizing their rights would not unduly interfere with U.S. action abroad.
The Harms of Homeschooling
Authors: West Robin L.
Published: August 2016

The benefits of homeschooling are now protected through legalization of the practice. Most of its harms could be prevented through its responsible regulation.
"Mental Illness" and Justice as Recognition
Authors: Goering Sara
Published: August 2016

Disability scholars have argued that the disadvantage of disability is caused primarily by social factors and calls out for social change as a matter of justice. But what about psychiatric disability? While noting several factors that make psychiatric disability a special casethe mentally ill individuals unreliability of judgment and instability of functioningSara Goering argues that much is gained by viewing mental illness through the lens of social oppression and workingtoward recognition of individuals with mental illness as equal members of the human community
A Different Way of Thinking about the Two-State Solution
Authors: Segal Jerome M.
Published: August 2016

As peace negotiations in the Mideast continue to fail, perhaps we should consider an alternative way of conceiving the proposal for creating two independent Arab and Jewish states. What wouldthe two-state solution look like if rather than turning away from the underlying reality of a common homeland, we were to embrace that reality?
A surgical approach in the management of mucormycosis in a trauma patient
Authors: Zahoor BA , Piercey JE , Wall DR , Tetsworth KD
Published: August 2016

Mucormycosis as a consequence of trauma is a devastating complication; these infections are challenging to control, with a fatality rate approaching 96% in immunocompromised patients. We present a case where a proactive approach was successfully employed to treat mucormycosis following complex polytrauma. Aggressive repeated surgical debridement, in combination with appropriate antifungal therapy, proved successful in this instance. In our opinion, mucormycosis in trauma mandates an aggressive surgical approach. This prevents ascending dissemination of mucormycosis and certainly reduces the risk of patient mortality as a direct result. Anti-fungal therapy should be used secondarily as an adjunct together with surgical debridement, or as an alternative when surgical intervention is not feasible.
Deciduosis of the appendix: diagnostic dilemma continues despite MRI evidence
Authors: Chai D , Wijesuriya R
Published: August 2016

Deciduosis (ectopic or extrauterine decidua) is a phenomenon seen in the ovary and cervix and on serosal surfaces of abdominal and pelvic organs. It is thought to be the result of progesterone effects on extrauterine mesenchymal cells during pregnancy. Although deposits are typically asymptomatic and incidentally found in surgically removed tissues on microscopy, deciduosis has also been known to cause pain and intraperitoneal haemorrhage.

We sourced all cases of appendiceal deciduosis that have occurred in Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and Bunbury Hospital between the years 2006 and 2014. Clinical information was obtained from patients’ medical records. Four cases of ectopic decidua of the appendix, all of which were incidentally found in pregnant patients presenting with features highly suggestive of appendicitis, were reviewed. These patients underwent appendicectomy and subsequent histopathology findings showed deciduosis with no evidence of appendicitis.

Deciduosis of the appendix can mimic acute appendicitis in pregnancy. At present, it is difficult to confidently differentiate one from the other either by way of clinical presentation or with current imaging modalities.
Trends in urgent referrals for suspected colorectal cancer: an increase in quantity, but not in quality
Authors: Vulliamy P , McCluney S , Raouf S , Banerjee S
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION

An understanding of the volume of incoming referrals to a colorectal cancer (CRC) service is essential for adequate delivery of service. We hypothesised that the number of 2-week-wait (2WW) referrals has increased over recent years, with a concomitant increase in demand for endoscopic and imaging investigations.

METHODS

A retrospective review of all referrals from primary care with suspected malignancy to Barking, Havering and Redbridge NHS Trust (BHRNHST, London, UK) from 2009 to 2014 was undertaken. Annual numbers of CRC diagnoses, colonoscopies and CT scans among these patients were reviewed. Linear regression models were used to determine the significance of observed trends.

RESULTS

Annual number of 2WW referrals for all cancers increased steadily from 14,031 to 19,983 during the study period (p<0.01). Referrals for suspected CRC increased from 1,706 to 2,874 (p=0.02). Number of colonoscopies and CT scans carried out in 2WW patients also increased significantly. Proportion of patients referred as a 2WW diagnosed with CRC decreased from 7.9% in 2009 to 4.7% in 2014 (p=0.02).

DISCUSSION

Number of referrals for suspected cancer from primary care to BHRNHST is increasing steadily, which has implications for service provision. Prevalence of cancer diagnoses from these referrals is decreasing.

CONCLUSIONS

There has been a sustained and substantial increase in the number of urgent referrals for suspected CRC at BHRNHST over recent years, without an increase in the number of resulting cancer diagnoses.
Pyopericardium secondary to achalasia-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus
Authors: Mason JD , Dixon FEM , Grimes HED , Jones GE
Published: August 2016

Patients with achalasia of the oesophagus are known to be at increased risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an achalasia-associated oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma presenting with acute sepsis secondary to pyopericardium.
The effect of surgical experience on the amount of radiation exposure from fluoroscopy during dynamic hip screw fixation
Authors: Quah C , Mehta R , Shivji FS , Hassan S , Chandrasenan J , Moran CG , Forward DP
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION

Dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation for proximal femur fractures is one of the most common procedures in trauma that requires the use of fluoroscopy. Emphasis is often placed on producing the ‘perfect picture’, which may lead to excessive use of fluoroscopy, without added patient benefit. This study, the largest of its kind, aimed to determine the effect of surgical experience on the amount of radiation exposure from fluoroscopy during DHS fixation.

METHODS

All hospital admissions for extracapsular proximal femur fractures to our institution between 2007 and 2012 were analysed. Patient demographics, fracture configuration, grade of surgeon and the total radiation dose after fixation were recorded. Analysis of variance was performed to assess differences in radiation levels between different grades of surgeon.

RESULTS

A total of 1,203 patients with a mean age of 81.3 years (range: 21–105 years) were included in the study. The majority of the fractures were three-part (33.3%), followed by two-part (32.2%), four-part (25.7%) and basicervical (8.9%). Registrars (ST3–ST8) used a significantly higher radiation dose than consultants for all fracture types (p=0.009). When analysed separately by trainee group, the most junior registrars (ST3–ST4) and the most senior registrars (ST7–ST8) were found to use significantly higher radiation levels than consultants (p=0.037 and p<0.001 respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The level of surgical experience does influence the amount of radiation exposure from fluoroscopy during DHS fixation. Surgical trainees should not ignore the potential harmful effects of radiation and should be equipped with the knowledge of how to keep the radiation exposure as low as possible.
Short fiction in a transnational digital age
Authors: Ryan-Sautour Michelle
Published: August 2016

Given the state of communication and publication today, it would be impossible to discuss ‘Short fiction in a transnational digital age’ without engaging in some way with digital media. The World Wide Web is an international phenomenon that is exerting influence upon culture and literature in ways we cannot yet fully understand. Short fiction’s involvement with digital media within this network can be linked to changing habits and perceptions on both the individual and societal level. In these evolving spaces, short fiction might still be approached in a traditional manner, as a unique, stable aesthetic unit, but it also requires that we take into consideration its position in a complex network of devices and processes. Certainly, many forms of literature are being significantly affected by the development of digital media. However, given its associations with experimentation and its generic elasticity, short fiction, in its many forms, appears well adapted for negotiating the evolving paradigms of digital reading and writing in their interconnection with literary networks and communities. In this article I will address some of the changes in the reading and writing of short fiction occurring through digital media and will suggest how short fiction might propose a space to explore the impact of these developments on a transnational level.
The transnational anglophone African short story: From resistance literature to prize culture
Authors: Hodapp James
Published: August 2016

The father of African literature, Chinua Achebe, begins his introduction to The Anchor Book of Modern African Short Stories with ‘Literary Historians tell us that the English novel preceded the short story by a hundred years or thereabouts. In modern African literature events happened differently. The short story came first ...’. Despite its central role in the development of African literature as evidenced by early collections by Africa’s most prominent writers, the inclusion of African short fiction in seminal journals such as Black Orpheus and Transition, as well as its continued deployment today by many of Africa’s most prominent writers, such as Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Helon Habila, critical attention in the fields of African literature, postcolonial literature and world literature to the African short story has been minimal. As Ernest Emenyonu points out in a special edition of African Literature Today, ‘National and international conferences and colloquiums continue to be held in Africa and elsewhere to address the issues and challenges associated with the novel, poetry and drama in African literature, with virtually no attention paid to the short story’. This article seeks to address this oversight by briefly examining the history of the African short story as central to the development of African literature and explaining its continued resonance. By tracking the trajectory of the short story in Africa through its multiple phases, this article addresses the oversight pointed out by Emenyonu and articulates a methodology for considering the African short story in a transnational context, particularly in light of the re-emerging field of world literature.
Algérie: Libération nationale et construction de la nation
Authors: Lévy Catherine
Published: August 2016

This article aims to show that the illusion that independence had been won following the war of national liberation in Algeria did not give the newly decolonized population the opportunity to grasp the reality of the economic and social situation into which they had been plunged and even less, that of the political situation. The army had never given up power and seized it openly as soon as it was possible, for the promises which had been expressed through slogans could not be kept. The country was ravaged by war. In the countryside, the villages were destroyed and farm animals had been lost in fires, along with fields and forests. On the other hand, in the regions dominated by colonial settlers, such as the Mitidja plain, or the high plateaux of the south west controlled by wealthy Algerians, there was relatively little damage and life continued much as before. There was no equality between the various types of farmers – whether they were members of management committees, inhabitants of destroyed villages who now found themselves landless, wage labourers, or on farms taken over by the army. There were several occasions when optimism flourished, such as the Congress of agricultural workers (1964) or the women’s demonstration of 8 March 1965. However, these remained isolated and with no long term effect.
‘Power has a penis’: Cost reduction, social exchange and sexism in metal – reviewing the work of Sonia Vasan
Authors: Hill Rosemary Lucy
Published: August 2016

In this short article I review Sonia Vasan’s contribution to understandings of women’s negotiations of sexism within death metal. Women’s experiences and identities as metal fans has been a growing area of interest amongst metal scholars, and Vasan’s work makes a very useful contribution to this field. Her work on group behaviour from a social psychology perspective brings new insights about how the death metal scene remains fairly static in its male dominance.
Methodological strategies and challenges in research with small heavy metal scenes: A reflection on entrance, evolution and permanence
Authors: Varas-Díaz Nelson , Mendoza Sigrid , Rivera-Segarra Eliut , González-Sepúlveda Osvaldo
Published: August 2016

Research on small heavy metal (HM) scenes throughout the world has mostly used ethnographic and qualitative approaches to richly describe the scene and its members. As these research efforts continue to grow around the world, methodological strategies have the opportunity to become more pluralistic and tailored to particular settings. In this article, we highlight and discuss the methodological strategies implemented by our team when engaging in research with small HM scenes in the Caribbean region and discuss the benefits and challenges of such an approach. We discuss the implementation of a mixed-methods design using ethnographic observation, qualitative interviews, surveys and documentary film-making as techniques for data gathering and sharing. We discuss this process through three stages: (1) entrance (implications for the initial incursion within these small scenes); (2) evolution (the expansion of research possibilities once communal involvement is achieved); and (3) permanence (giving back to the community via systematic sharing of study results). As research with small scenes throughout the world continues to expand, we understand that scholars will benefit from frequent discussions on the methodological components of their studies. We propose that this discussion should not aim to establish a static set of rules on how to engage in research in these scenarios but, on the contrary, foster the development of living guidelines that can be modified as research ventures expand throughout the world.
Five djentlemen and a girl walk into a metal bar: Thoughts on a ‘metal after metal’ metal studies
Authors: Fellezs Kevin
Published: August 2016

As a nascent academic field of study, it is an optimal time for metal music scholars to fashion a metal (music) studies focused on (heavy) metal’s status and development as genre, as tradition, as culture – in other words, as subject/object of broad scholarly enquiry – that productively resists orthodoxies not only by maintaining metal scholarship’s current multidisciplinarity, which I applaud, but also by expanding the notion of ‘metal musician’ and ‘metal music culture’. The first idea is a relatively noncontroversial position to assume; however, I want to push on the second idea through a discussion of two performances of the composition, ‘Aviator’, which demonstrate some of the limits within current metal studies. Before turning to ‘Aviator’, however, I will take some time to outline the broader discussion within metal studies around the issue of academic legitimation.
Metal militia behind the Iron Curtain: Scene formation in 1980s East Germany
Authors: Zaddach Wolf-Georg
Published: August 2016

The article offers results from a three-year Ph.D. research about the East German metal scene in the 1980s. Due to the political circumstances of a divided Germany, two separate German metal scenes arose. In focus will be aspects of politics and cultural transfer and flow as well as practices of the metal scene in socialist East Germany. The socialist state understood metal as a threatening western youth culture, though it quickly became one of the most popular youth cultures during the 1980s. The article explains how the scene developed partly unofficial and illegal ways of scene formation with domestic gigging bands, supra-regional trade-off networks and correspondence system, prospering black markets, and DIY practices. Therefore, the article further points out to the ambiguity of the 1980s East German socialism with the argument that simple concepts of confrontation and conflict between the state and youth culture are too simplistic.
Let there be rock: ‘Western’ heavy metal in Soviet press and public opinion during the Soviet Union’s final decade
Authors: Faust Boris Von
Published: August 2016

In recent years, heavy metal music and its fans have received heightened consideration from the academic community, not only from a cultural perspective but also from a social, psychological and cultural standpoint; yet metal’s role as a valid political force remains largely overlooked by academics and critics alike. As a counter-cultural movement, heavy metal was instrumental in altering the political world-view of an entire generation of Eastern European youngsters during the final decades of the Cold War, which reflected in the younger generation’s resistance to the domination of Communist ideology. As a first-hand witness and participant of these cultural, political and social transformations, I chose to explore the role of metal counter-culture’s depiction in – and its interaction with – the Soviet press during the final decade of the USSR’s existence, in an attempt to highlight the evolution of metal’s underground status behind the Iron Curtain.
(Mis)representation of Burmese metal music in the western media
Authors: Maclachlan Heather
Published: August 2016

Heavy metal music is performed in Burma (also known as Myanmar) by two distinct groups of musicians: generalists, who are part of the mainstream music industry, and underground bands, who differentiate themselves from the mainstream industry in a number of ways. Importantly, the underground performers insist on presenting nothing but their own original songs. Western-educated journalists have recently published a number of articles about these underground bands, equating their original creations with resistance against the military junta that controlled Burma for the past half-century. The author argues that the metanarrative revealed in such media reports does not accord with the nuanced reality on the ground in Burma. Resistance is not the sole province of underground musicians, and underground bands have a number of different priorities.
Surveillance of rotavirus diarrhea
Authors: Widowati Titis , Soenarto Yati , Bakrie Achirul , Nirwati Hera
Published: August 2016

Background Rotavirus is a major cause of severe diarrhea anddehydration in children worldwide. Data on the burden of diseasein Indonesia is limited.Objective To provide an epidemiological profile of rotavirusinfection among children hospitalized for diarrhea in MohammadHoesin Hospital, Palembang.Methods In January- December 2006, a prospective, hospitalbasedsurveillance was carried out in children aged less thanfive years, presenting with diarrhea. Stool samples wereexamined for rotavirus using enzyme immunoassay (EIA).G- and P-typing were performed on specimens confirmed tobe positive by EIA.Results A total of 513 fecal specimens from 534 children weretested for rotavirus. Rotavirus was detected in 64% of thespecimens, mostly of the G9 type (62.5%). Incidence ofrotavirusdiarrhea was highest in the 6 month to 2 years age group (60.4%).Children with rotavirus diarrhea were more likely to present withdehydration, compared to those with non-rotavirus diarrhea (94%vs 70%, respectively, P=0.03).Conclusion Rotavirus was the most common pathogen foundin children with diarrhea. Rotavirus was detected in 64% ofpediatric diarrheal specimens tested in our study. This findingwarrants the use of a large-scale program to prevent disease,such as vaccination against rotavirus. [Paediatr lndones.2012;52:22-7].