bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Dalam Budaya Tarung Presean Di Lombok Barat (Perspektif Agama Hindu)
Authors: Ardika Yasa I Made
Published: May 2020

Tarung Presean Culture in Batu Kumbung Village, Lingsar Subdistrict, West Lombok Regency, there are several components that can be examined in the presentation of results including: (a) Tarung Presean Culture is carried out by the Hindu Balinese who have long lived on the island of Lombok along with the Muslim Sasak tribe with a variety of social statuses but one goal is to ask for the gift of rain in order to obtain fertility and commemorate the services of the ancestors and as a form of thanks to the spirits of their ancestors who have fought to achieve independence and unite the archipelago. The culture of Tarung Presean in Batu Kumbung Village, Lingsar District, goes through several stages, namely; (1) preparations include making arenas, providing tools for Tarung Presean, and appointing referees (Pekembar), (2) Introduction marked by the beating of Sasak gamelan instruments accompanied by Sasak version of Pancasila songs, (3) the peak of the Ceremony designating an audience to be Pepadu and Tarung Presean begins after Pepadu is determined and ready to fight, (4) closing ceremony, a pair of Pepadu who have competed with each other / hugged each other and the committee gives gifts to fighters and gives closing words to the audience and fighters / Pepadu about the meaning contained in Tarung Presean. (b) In studying the values of Hindu religious education contained in the culture of Tarung Presean in the Batu Kumbung village of Lingsar sub-district, West Lombok Regency, using the Hindu Religious Concept which refers to the holy books, namely: Vedic Scriptures, Bhagavad Gita, Manawa Dharmasastra, and Sarascamuccaya. (c) In Tarung Presean in Lingsar Temple, Lingsar Subdistrict, West Lombok Regency, there are aesthetic aspects, logic aspects, and ethical aspects as well as very deep meaning, including; (1) Tarung Presean as Actualization of Self-Control, (2) Tarung Presean as a form of Sportmanship and Patriotism, and (3) Tarung Presean Application from Tri Hita Karana.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Catur Guru Dalam Membentuk Karakter Siswa
Authors: Dwi Lestari Ida Ayu , Sutriyanti Ni Komang
Published: May 2020

This study aims to describe the implementation of Chess Teacher learning in shaping the character of students in Sekolah Dasar Negeri 2 Kaba-Kaba, where it is applied by school teachers in class learning, with Catur Guru material, namely Guru Swadyaya, Guru Rupaka, Guru Pengajian, Guru Wisesa. The formation of character through schools is a noble effort that is urgent to do. In fact, when talking about the future, schools are responsible not only for producing students who excel in science and technology, but also in identity, character and personality. In character building, the family environment and the school environment have a very important role, because the family as the first and foremost educator functions to carry religious, cultural, ethical, moral, and spiritual values to their children. While the school as a formal educational institution is tasked to transform knowledge and socio-cultural values that can produce quality human resources and have high competitiveness. Thus it can be said that the formed behavior that is characterized is strongly influenced by the family environment and the school environment as well as the wider school environment (community), in addition to the potential and beliefs or the attitude of confidence possessed by individuals.
“The deal of the century”: the possible scenarios of the future political regime of a Palestinian state
Authors: Penkov Vladimir Fedorovich , Alfedeilat Feras
Published: May 2020

The subject of research is “the deal of the century” or the Middle East Peace Plan initiated by the U.S. “The deal of the century” is the U.S.’s attempt to model a hard approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict settlement. The American model, being externally inserted, in fact, validates the domination of Israel and mothballs a set of territorial, military, political and economic “problem fields” which carry the potential to escalate the conflict between Israel and the Arab world in the near term. The leading research method is case study based on which the authors prognosticate the possible scenarios of development of the situation. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that the authors prognosticate the variants of the possible progression of events in Palestine from the logical and realistic viewpoints. The authors consider three scenarios. The first two suggest that Palestine would reject the proposed settlement plan. The third scenario is possible if certain political groups and persons of influence accept Donald Trump’s peace plan.   
The 2013 - 2016 Ukraine crisis as a field of information confrontation, aspects of a cyberwar
Authors: Gozhina Anna Vladimirovna
Published: May 2020

The subject of research in this article is the key aspects of a cyber confrontation within the 2013-2016 internal crisis in Ukraine (which is a research object) in the context of a large-scale information war which is a stable destructive tendency of Russia - EU and Russia - U.S. interaction in the historical retrospective. In the author’s opinion, it is crucial to consider the up-to-date cases and the cutting-edge technologies of information confrontation used in particular situations when studying the phenomenon of information wars. It is strategically important to study international problems and crises which haven’t been settled by the present moment. This article is an analysis and historiographical review of the works of Russian and foreign scholars on the subject of information confrontation in peak periods of the Ukrainian crisis. This attempt to study this issue is of a particular scientific interest determining its scientific novelty. The article represents the growth of influence exerted by information technologies on the modern political process which will inevitably cause a set of legal, social and technological transformations, and contains other conclusions based on the works studied.   
The Implementation of Problem-Based Contextual Approaches in Natural Science Learning About Life and Environment To Improve Learning Outcomes at Elementary School
Authors: Hasdiani Agus
Published: May 2020

The learning process should activate students by looking at their initial abilities so that the learning that is carried out becomes meaningful. Learning by using a problem-based contextual approach is one of the ways that can be applied so that the learning process not only emphasizes conceptual understanding but also in the problem-solving process. This research was a classroom action research conducted in 2 cycles to improve the quality of the process and learning outcomes. Each cycle consisted of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The formulation of the problem in this study was "How is the application of problem-based contextual approaches in learning science about living things and their environment to improve student learning outcomes in IV grade SDN 10 Sungai Kakap?". Data analysis techniques in this study were measured from the level of success in implementing classroom actions based on changes in teaching and learning using observation sheets and anecdotal notes narratively as well as improving learning outcomes using test instruments. This classroom action research was conducted at SDN 10 Sungai Kakap on science learning using problem-based contextual approach in IV grade with 41 students. The results showed an increase in learning outcomes where the first cycle of 20 or 48.78% of students had not been completed with an average of 46.61 learning outcomes, and 21 students or 51.21% had been completed with 77.81 learning outcomes. Then in the second cycle, there was an increase in which as much as 2 or 4.87% of students had not been completed with an average learning outcome of 58 and 39 or 95.51% of students had completed with an average learning outcome of 75.86.
The Implementation of Strikim Media To Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Operations on Integers at Elementary School
Authors: Helman Helman
Published: May 2020

This research was a classroom action research (CAR) carried out to improve the learning process with the steps of planning, implement, observing, and reflecting. This research was carried out in mathematics by utilizing the media of crime tests on integer count material. The formulation of the problem in this research were: (1) Can the media of crime be able to improve mathematics learning outcomes in integer counts ?; (2) What are the learning outcomes of each cycle by utilizing the learning outcomes of students ?. The results of the study showed that the use of stikrim media in mathematics learning integer count material could improve student learning outcomes. The results of the first cycle test were obtained by six students or 60% complete, and four students or 40% incomplete. Then the results of the second cycle test showed nine students or 91% complete and three students or 10% not complete. The increase occured in students who have reached 88% of students have completed and exceeds 75% indicators of success, and it is stated that the improvement of this learning has been successful.
Improving Mathematics Learning Outcomes Using Demonstration and Practice Method for Students at Elementary School
Authors: Ya’kub Ya’kub
Published: May 2020

This research was a classroom action research that aimed to make improvements in the learning process. This research was conducted at SDN 02 Kuala Mandor B in I grade students about determining the place value using the demonstration and practice methods. The research subjects consisted of 20 students. The formulation of the problem in this study was, "Can the demonstration and practice methods improve mathematics learning outcomes, determine the scores of tens and unit places in first-grade students at SDN 02 Kuala Mandor in semester 2 of the academic year 2017/2018?". This research was conducted in 2 cycles consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. By using evaluations to see improved learning outcomes and using observation sheets of student and teacher activities in learning. From the results of the study show an increase in student learning outcomes in the first cycle. The class average was 42 then in the second cycle increased to 86.
Improving Mathematics Learning Outcomes Using Pipette Media in Students at SDN 17 Kuala Mandor B
Authors: Suharno Suharno
Published: May 2020

This research was a classroom action research conducted in three cycles, each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The aspects observed in each cycle were the activities of students and teachers, as well as the learning process of the subject matter in fractions using a simple medium named Pipette. The subjects were 15 students. The results of the study of students' abilities in the chapter of fractions, each cycle has increased. Cycle I, the average score of students was 51.93 with a percentage of completeness 13.33%. Students who reached KKM were 2 students. Based on the result of cycle I and cycle II, the average score of 85 students with a percentage of completeness 86.67%. Students who reached KKM were 13 students. From the two cycles applied, there was an increase in the ability of students in the subject matter of fraction addition. Based on the indicators of success in the second cycle, that the applied papita media can improve the ability of students in the chapter of fraction addition in V grade students of SDN 17 Kuala Mandor B, Kubu Raya Regency.
Novel Potential Inhibitors Against SARS-CoV-2 Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Verma Madhusudan , Bansal Deepanshu
Published: May 2020

Based on a recently solved structure (PDB ID: 6LU7), we developed a novel advanced deep Q-learning network with the fragment-based drug design (ADQN-FBDD) along with variational autoencoder with KL annealing and circular annealing for generating potential lead compounds targeting SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro . Structure-based optimization policy (SBOP) is used in reinforcement learning. The reason for using variational autoencoders is that it does not deviate much from actual inhibitors, but since VAE suffers from KL diminishing we have used KL annealing and circular annealing to address this issue. Researchers can use this compound as potential drugs against SARS-CoV-2.
A Quantum-Inspired Approach to De-Novo Drug Design
Authors: Snelling David , Shahane Ganesh , Shipman William , Balaeff Alexander , Pearce Mark , Keinan Shahar
Published: May 2020

Design and optimization of targeted drug-like compounds is an important part of the early stage drug discovery process. In this paper, we describe the use of a novel technique for rapid design of lead-like compounds for the Dengue viral RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase (RdRp). Initially, a large (>billions) fragment-based chemical library is designed by mapping relevant pharmacophores to the target binding pocket. The de-novo synthesis of molecules from fragments is formulated as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem that can be solved using the quantum-inspired Digital Annealer (DA), providing an opportunity to take advantage of this fledgling, groundbreaking technology. The DA constrains the search space of molecules with drug-like properties that match the binding pocket and then optimizes for synthetic feasibility and novelty, thus offering significant commercial advantages over existing techniques.
Generating Transition States of Isomerization Reactions with Deep Learning
Authors: Pattanaik Lagnajit , Ingraham John , Grambow Colin , Green William H.
Published: May 2020

Lack of quality data and difficulty generating these data hinder quantitative understanding of reaction kinetics. Specifically, conventional methods to generate transition state structures are deficient in speed, accuracy, or scope. We describe a novel method to generate three-dimensional transition state structures for isomerization reactions using reactant and product geometries. Our approach relies on a graph neural network to predict the transition state distance matrix and a least squares optimization to reconstruct the coordinates based on which entries of the distance matrix the model perceives to be important. We feed the structures generated by our algorithm through a rigorous quantum mechanics workflow to ensure the predicted transition state corresponds to the ground truth reactant and product. In both generating viable geometries and predicting accurate transition states, our method achieves excellent results. We envision workflows like this, which combine neural networks and quantum chemistry calculations, will become the preferred methods for computing chemical reactions.
Systematic and Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships of Polymeric Medical Nanomaterials: From Systematic Synthesis and Characterization to Computer Modeling and Nano-Bio Interaction and Toxicity
Authors: Liu kegang , wang xueya , Li-Blatter Xiaochun , Wolf Marc P. , Hunziker Patrick
Published: May 2020

Nanomaterials are suitable for numerous applications in medicine. Building on their design versatility, they enable construction of novel targeted therapies, including personalized medicine. However, the freedom of design entails a multitude of parameters, which have to be optimized for application in nanomedicine.

Currently,nonamaterial assortment is mainly anecdotal, non-systematic and non-representative. In contrast to the mostly oligo-disciplinary nature of many publications, we here present a systematic and comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to chemical synthesis, physicochemical characterization, computer modeling, and in vitro and in vivo exploration of nanomaterials that may be suited for medical application. Specially, we design and synthesize a library of amphiphilic oxazoline/siloxane block co-polymers with varying chain lengths and different end groups. In this regard, the computer modeling of the current polymer library is contributing to further optimization of these nanomaterials in a fast and reliable, and efficient way. In conclusion, these outstandingly versatile and non-toxic polymers can be synthesized rapidly and easily and self-assemble to polymeric micelles in aqueous solutions, thus rendering them amenable for numerous medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications
Spin-State Dependence of Exchange-Correlation Holes
Authors: Brüggemann Julia , Jacob Christoph R.
Published: May 2020

Applications of density functionaltheory (DFT) in computational chemistry rely on an approximate exchange-correlation (xc) functional. However, existing approximations can fail dramatically for open-shell molecules, in particular for transition-metal complexes or radicals. Most importantly, predicting energy-differences between different spin-states with approximate exchange-correlation functionals remains extremely challenging. Formally, it is known that the exact xc functional should be spin-state dependent, but none of the available approximations features such an explicit spin-state dependence [Ch.~R.~Jacob, M.~Reiher, \textit{Int. J. Quantum Chem.}, 2012, \textbf{112}, 3661–3684]. Thus, to find novel approximations for the xc functional for open-shell systems, the development of spin-state dependent xc functionals appears to be a promising avenue. Here, we set out to shed light on the spin-state dependence of the xc functional by investigating the underlying xc holes, which we extract from configuration interaction calculations for model systems. We analyze the similarities and differences between the xc holes of the lowest-energy singlet and triplet states of the dihydrogen molecule, the helium atom, and the lithium dimer. To shed further light on the spin-state dependence of these xc holes we also discuss exact conditions that can be derived from the spin structure of the reduced two-electron density matrix. Altogether, our results suggest several possible routes towards the construction of explicitly spin-state dependent approximations for the xc functional.
Time-Resolved Structural Dynamics of Organic Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductors
Authors: Paulsen Bryan D. , Wu Ruiheng , Takacs Christopher , Steinrück Hans-Georg , Strzalka Joseph , Zhang Qingteng , Toney Michael , Rivnay Jonathan
Published: May 2020

The structure and packing of organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors have an outsized effect on transport properties. In operating devices this structure is not fixed but is responsive to changes in electrochemical potential, ion intercalation, and solvent swelling. Towards this end, the dynamic structure of a model organic mixed conductor is characterized using multimodal time-resolved operando techniques. Time-resolved operando X-ray scattering reveals asymmetric rates of structural change during doping and dedoping that do not directly depend on potential or charging dynamics. Time-resolved spectroscopy establishes a link between structural transients and the complex dynamics of electronic charge carrier subpopulations, in particular the polaron-bipolaron equilibrium. These findings provide insight into the factors limiting the response time of organic mixed conductor based devices, and present the first real-time observation of the structural changes during doping and dedoping of a conjugated polymer system via X-ray scattering.
Computational Drug Repurposing Studies on SARS-CoV-2 Protein Targets
Authors: Zhou Guangfeng , Stewart Lance , Reggiano Gabriella , DiMaio Frank
Published: May 2020

To contribute to the combat of COVID-2019, we applied structure-based computational docking screens using flexible docking protocol of Rosetta GALigandDock against multiple potential SARS-CoV-2 protein targets, including the Nsp5 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), the Nsp3 ADP ribose phosphatase, the Nsp15 Endoribonuclease, the RNA binding domain of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, the Nsp16 2'-O-MTase, Nsp14, and Nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Screening against a re-purposing library of 8,395 FDA approved drugs at various stages of drug development and various natural products from DrugBank, we found a total of 124 putative inhibitors with predicted binding ∆G less than -8.9 kcal/mol, including HIV-AIDS drugs Nelfinavir and Tipranavir, targeting 3Clpro with ∆G=-18.8 kcal/mol and ∆G=-16.6 kcal/mol respectively. These primarily involve binders to the Nsp5 3CLpro (37 hits) and the Nsp3 ADP ribose phosphatase (36 hits), with smaller numbers of hits to other targets. These small molecule putative inhibitors suggest a possible avenue for drug repurposing, and the identified compounds should serve as a high-priority list for experimental validation via co-crystallization, enzymatic and cell based assays.
Helical Carbenium Ion: A Versatile Organic Photoredox Catalyst in Red-Light-Mediated Reactions
Authors: Mei Liangyong , Veleta Jose M , Gianetti thomas
Published: May 2020

Red light has the advantages of low energy, less health risk and high penetration depth through various media. Herein, a helical carbenium ion (N,N’-di-n-propyl-1,13-dimethoxyquinacridinium (nPr-DMQA+) tetrafluoroborate) has been used as an organic photoredox catalyst for photoreductions and photooxidations in the presence of red light (λmax = 640 nm). It has catalyzed red-light-mediated dual transition-metal/photoredox-catalyzed C-H arylation and intermolecular atom transfer radical addition through oxidative quenching, affording products in 57-93% yields. Moreover, its potential in photooxidation catalysis has also been demonstrated by successful applications in red-light-induced aerobic oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids and benzylic C(sp3)-H oxygenation through reductive quenching, delivering products in up to 92% yield. Thus, a versatile organic photoredox catalyst (helical carbenium ion) for red-light-mediated photoredox reactions has been developed.
Repurposing Simeprevir, Calpain Inhibitor IV and a Cathepsin F Inhibitor Against SARS-CoV-2: A Study Using in Silico Pharmacophore Modeling and Docking Methods
Authors: J Abhithaj , Francis Dileep , C.S Sharanya , kumar arun , C Sadasivan , Variyar Jayadevi
Published: May 2020

The world has come to a sudden halt due to the incessant spread of a viral pneumonia dubbed COVID-19 caused by the beta-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The pandemic spread of the virus has already claimed lakhs of valuable lives and has infected millions of people across the globe. The situation is further worsened by the fact that there is no approved therapeutics currently available for the treatment of the disease. The only way to handle the crisis is the rapid development of a therapeutic strategy to combat the virus. Computational biology offers resources to rapidly identify novel drug leads and to repurpose existing drugs at the expense of minimal resources and time. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 is key to the replication and propogation of the virus in the host cells. Inhibiting the protease blocks replication and hence is an attractive therapeutic target in the virus. The crystal structures of the protein in complex with inhibitors are available in public databases. Here we describe the screening of the DrugBank database, a public repository for small molecule therapeutics, to identify approved or experimental phase drugs that can be repurposed against the main protease of SARS-CoV2. The initial screening was performed on more than 13,000 drug entries in the target database using an energy optimised pharmacophore hypothesis AARRR. A sub-set of the molecules selected based on the fitness score was further screened using molecular docking by sequentially filtering the molecules through the high throughput virtual screening, extra precision and standard precision docking modalities. The most promising hits were subjected to binding free energy estimation using the MMGBSA method. Approved drugs viz, Cobicistat, Larotrectinib and Simeprevir were identified as potential candidates for repurposing. Drugs in the discovery phase identified as inhibitors include the known cysteine protease inhibitors, Calpain inhibitor IV and an experimental cathepsin F inhibitor.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Allele-Specific BET Inhibitors
Authors: Bond Adam , Testa Andrea , Ciulli Alessio
Published: May 2020

Developing stereoselective synthetic routes that are efficient and cost-effective is important to allow easy access to biologically active molecules. Our previous syntheses of allele-selective bumped inhibitors of the Bromo and Extra-Terminal (BET) bromodomain proteins, Brd2, Brd3, Brd4 and BrdT, required a wasteful, late-stage alkylation step and expensive chiral separation. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a route based on stereocontrolled alkylation of an aspartic acid derivative that was used in a divergent, racemisation-free protocol to yield structurally diverse and enantiopure triazolodiazepines. With this approach, we synthesized bumped thienodiazepine-based BET inhibitor, ET-JQ1-OMe, in five steps and 99% ee without the need for chiral chromatography. Exquisite selectivity of ET-JQ1-OMe for Leu-Ala and Leu-Val mutants over wild-type bromodomain was confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry and X-ray crystallography. Our new approach provides unambiguous chemical evidence for the absolute stereochemistry of the active, allele-specific BET inhibitor and a viable route that will facilitate wider access to this compound class.
Self Discharge of Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries Leads to Active Material Loss and Poor Shelf Life
Authors: Ford Hunter O. , Doyle Emily , He Peng , Boggess William C. , Schaefer Jennifer
Published: May 2020

Due to its high theoretical energy density and relative abundancy of active materials, the magnesium-sulfur battery has attracted research attention in recent years. A closely related system, the lithium-sulfur battery, can suffer from serious self-discharge behavior. Until now, the self-discharge of Mg-S has been rarely addressed, and even then only indirectly. Herein, we demonstrate for a wide variety of Mg-S electrolytes and conditions that Mg-S batteries also suffer from serious self-discharge. For a common Mg-S electrolyte, we identify a multi-step self-discharge pathway. Covalent S8 diffuses to the metal Mg anode and is converted to ionic Mg polysulfide in a non-faradaic reaction. Mg polysulfides in solution are found to be meta-stable, continuing to react and precipitate as solid MgySx species during both storage and active use. Mg-S electrolytes from the early, middle, and state-of-the-art stages of the Mg-S literature are all found to enable the self-discharge. The self discharge behavior is found to decrease first cycle discharge capacity by at least 32 %, and in some cases up to 96 %, indicating this is a phenomenon of the Mg-S chemistry that deserves focused attention.
Molecular detection of Multi-Drug Resistant Mycobacterium species in a Tertiary Care centre
Authors: Ancy Justin J K  , Bhuvaneshwari G  , Kalyani M
Published: May 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) - one of the leading causes of adult death in the Asia-Pacific Region, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). TB remains a major public health issue especially in developing nations due to the lack of adequate rapid diagnostic testing facilities. Drug resistance in tuberculosis was observed nearly fifty years ago. The risk is now due to the emergence of new strains which are most resistant to the potent anti-tuberculosis drugs. The resistance to drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is conferred by mutations witⱨ the genes encoding drug targets or drug converting enzymes. In suspected extra pulmonary tuberculosis cases also, fast and accurate laboratory diagnosis is of primary importance, since the techniques which are followed from past years for detecting acid-fast bacilli have many limitations. This study may also help in standardizing the technique for rapid identification of MDR TB in extra pulmonary TB patients in this Tertiary care Hospital. The current study describes the importance and use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the detection of Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium species. The target genes encoding resistance to Isoniazid and Rifampicin were detected by Polymerase Cain reaction and Agarose gel electrophoresis. Among the 359 samples, 2% were resistant to botⱨ Isoniazid and Rifampicin and tⱨe prevalence of drug resistance was found to be more in adult age groups.
The Influence of Recruitment, Selection, and Work Placement on Non-Civil Servant Staff Performance Case Study of Hasanuddin University (Unhas)
Authors: Wahyuningsi Sri , Hamid Nurdjanah , Maming Djumidah
Published: May 2020

This research aims to investigate and analyze the effect of recruitment, selection, and the work placement against the performance of the non-government officials of Hasanuddin University (UNHAS). Data were collected through distributed questionnaires which were then analyzed their validity test and reliability test afterward. The study applied multiple linear regression analysis with the classical assumption test conducted in the first place. The research results indicate that the recruitment, the selection, and the work placement had a positive and significant effect on the educational staff performance of Hasanuddin University Makassar.
Tradeoff between metabolic i-proteasome addiction and immune evasion in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Adwal Alaknanda , Kalita-de Croft Priyakshi , Shakya Reshma , Lim Malcolm , Kalaw Emarene , Taege Lucinda D , McCart Reed Amy E , Lakhani Sunil R , Callen David F , Saunus Jodi M
Published: May 2020

In vitro studies have suggested proteasome inhibitors could be effective in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We found that bortezomib and carfilzomib induce proteotoxic stress and apoptosis via the unfolded protein response (UPR) in TNBC cell lines, with sensitivity correlated with expression of immuno-(PSMB8/9/10) but not constitutive-(PSMB5/6/7) proteasome subunits. Equally, the transcriptomes of i-proteasome–high human TNBCs are enriched with UPR gene sets, and the genomic copy number landscape reflects positive selection pressure favoring i-proteasome activity, but in the setting of adjuvant treatment, this is actually associated with favorable prognosis. Tumor expression of PSMB8 protein (β5i) is associated with levels of MHC-I, interferon-γ–inducible proteasome activator PA28β, and the densities of stromal antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes (TILs). Crucially, TILs were protective among TNBCs that maintain high β5i but did not stratify survival amongst β5i-low TNBCs. Moreover, β5i expression was lower in brain metastases than in patient-matched primary breast tumors (n = 34; P = 0.007), suggesting that suppression contributes to immune evasion and metastatic progression. Hence, inhibiting proteasome activity could be counterproductive in the adjuvant treatment setting because it potentiates anti-TNBC immunity.
Integrin α3β1 in hair bulge stem cells modulates CCN2 expression and promotes skin tumorigenesis
Authors: Ramovs Veronika , Krotenberg Garcia Ana , Song Ji-Ying , de Rink Iris , Kreft Maaike , Goldschmeding Roel , Sonnenberg Arnoud
Published: May 2020

Epidermal-specific deletion of integrin α3β1 almost completely prevents the formation of papillomas during 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (DMBA/TPA) two-stage skin carcinogenesis. This dramatic decrease in tumorigenesis was thought to be due to an egress and premature differentiation of α3β1-depleted hair bulge (HB) stem cells (SCs), previously considered to be the cancer cells-of-origin in the DMBA/TPA model. Using a reporter mouse line with inducible deletion of α3β1 in HBs, we show that HB SCs remain confined to their niche regardless of the presence of α3β1 and are largely absent from skin tumors. However, tumor formation was significantly decreased in mice deficient for α3β1 in HB SCs. RNA sequencing of HB SCs isolated from short-term DMBA/TPA–treated skin showed α3β1-dependent expression of the matricellular protein connective tissue growth factor (CCN2), which was confirmed in vitro, where CCN2 promoted colony formation and 3D growth of transformed keratinocytes. Together, these findings show that HBs contribute to skin tumorigenesis in an α3β1-dependent manner and suggest a role of HB SCs in creating a permissive environment for tumor growth through the modulation of CCN2 secretion.
What is the “opposite” of “blue”? The language of colour wheels
Authors: Dodgson Neil
Published: May 2020

© Society for Imaging Science and Technology 2019 A color wheel is a tool for ordering and understanding hue. Different color wheels differ in the spacing of the colors around the wheel. The opponent-color theory, Munsell's color system, the standard printer's primaries, the artist's primaries, and Newton's rainbow all present different variations of the color wheel. I show that some of this variation is owing to imprecise use of language, based on Berlin and Kay's theory of basic color names. I also show that the artist's color wheel is an outlier that does not match well to the technical color wheels because its principal colors are so strongly connected to the basic color names.
Intelligent mapping of irrigated areas from Landsat 8 images using transfer learning
Authors: BENBAHRIA Zouhair , SEBARİ İmane , HAJJİ Hicham , SMİEJ Mohamed Faouzi
Published: May 2020

The lack of reliable and up-to-date data in developing countries is a major obstacle to sustainable development. In Morocco, where groundwater withdrawals by farmers are very intensive and informal, maps describing and monitoring the extension of irrigated areas are scarce and labor-intensive to obtain. In this paper a novel transfer learning algorithm is proposed to map irrigated areas at different stages of an agricultural cycle from Landsat 8 images. The results obtained displays satisfactory performance over traditional machine learning algorithms. On a small dataset, we initially tested three well known deep learning architectures (SegNet, DenseNet and Unet). The results obtained were not satisfactory. So, to get high performance, we rely on a transfer learning architecture combining UNet with ResNet50 backbone (trained on 2012 ILSVRC ImageNet dataset) as a baseline after a phase where different configurations were tested. In the first part of this study, we compared the use of three optimization methods: Adam and two variants of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) associated with two techniques (Cyclical Learning Rate and Warm Restart) to find the optimal learning rate and then test the impact of data augmentation on the overall accuracies. Data augmentation had improved the overall accuracy for the three methods. Adam based method from 94% to 97% with mean IoU of 0,79 (for all land cover classes) and 0,86 for irrigated areas class. For SGD based methods, the overall accuracy had increased from 91% to 94% with mean IoU of 0,75 (for all land cover classes) and 0,82 for irrigated areas class. As we are interested in having irrigated areas maps at different key periods of the agricultural cycle, we also explored, in the second part of this study, the temporal generalization of the best model.
ESTIMATION OF EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION USING SEDIMENTOLOGICAL DATA AND CALCULATION OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT LOAD IN GARMSAR WATERSHED
Authors: Mirakhorlo Gohar , Nakhaei Mohammad , Espahbod Mohammadreza , Jahani Davoud , Rezaei Khalil
Published: May 2020

Erosion, sediment transport, sedimentation and water quality are very important issues in watershed management. Based on the initial study, it was found that the three factors of geological materials, slope, and climate are the most important factors in erosion. Therefore, these three factors were examined and combined to create work units. Then, the qualitative sensitivity of the rocks and pre-Quaternary formations was continually determined using the criteria of resistance method and hardness of the rock mass in a field method. Then, several statistical regression models were investigated by discharge classification and temporal separation of data; and by establishing a regression relation between flow discharge and sediment discharge data and its simulation, sedimentation rating curves along with FAO and USBR were presented based on the error least squares method according to statistical analysis methods, and annual long run suspended sediment load values were estimated by combining the proposed models and flow discharge methods such as flow continuity curve, daily mean discharge, and monthly mean discharge. In this regard, the statistics of a 13-year period of Bankooh hydrometric station on the HablehRood River were used. Finally, combination of the classes mean model with the mean daily discharge by FAO method was introduced as a suitable model.
PETROLOGY AND PETROGENESIS OF SIAH KOOH VOLCANIC ROCKS IN THE EASTERN ALBORZ
Authors: Arian Mohammad Ali , Baratian Mostafa , Yazdi Abdollah
Published: May 2020

Siah Kooh area is northeast of Shahroud city and is located in eastern Alborz. The lithologic composition of the volcanic rocks in the area consists of andesite, basalt, trachyandesite and quartztrachite. Plagioclase, olivine, and augite phenocrysts as the main minerals and apatite and magnetite, sericite, chlorite and apacite minerals are sub-minerals of volcanic rocks that are located in the glass slabs. Quartz is also found in fine-grained rock pulp and sometimes in phenocrysts. The dominant texture in these rocks are porphyritic, amygdaloidal and microlithic. According to geochemical studies of basaltic magmatic volcanic rocks, calc-alkaline potassium is high and negative Nb anomaly, Ce / Pb ratio and enrichment of rocks of light rare earth elements (LRRE) and high LREE / HREE ratio indicate contamination. The crust is an indicator of the presence of the garnet phase in the mantle source. On the other hand, the similarity of their trace elements to Oceanic Basalts (OIB) is a clear evidence of their relevance to this environment. Early basaltic magma originated from a mantle with a garnet-lherzolite composition with a partial melting rate of 15–12%. FeOtotal values in basalts and other structural evidence indicate the formation of these rocks in the early stages of intra-continental rifting which can be attributed to the pressure drop caused by intra-continental tidal phases associated with deep faults during the orogenic phases. Alpine attributed to Eocene time.
Assessment of Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Flower and Leaf Extracts from Some Hypericum Species Affected by Wild Habitat Altitude
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Nilgün , UZUN Ferat , GÜL Latife Betül , GÜL Osman , ÇON Ahmet Hilmi
Published: May 2020

In this study, determination of habitat altitude effect on the total phenolic contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of flower and leaf extracts from Hypericum montbretii, H. orientale and H. perforatum species was aimed. The plants were collected randomly from forages (altitudes were ranged from 430 to 1105 m a.s.l.) located in Western Black Sea Region, Turkey. Antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts were determined with DPPH and ABTS assay and antimicrobial activities of the extracts on Bacillus pumilis NRRL BD-142, B. subtilis NRRL B-209, B. licheniformis NRRL-B-1001, B. cereus NRRL B-3711, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33862, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Listeria inocua ATCC 33090, L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were examined. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of Hypericum species changed depending on the habitat altitude. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extracts was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) method. Flower and leaf extracts exhibited a broad antibacterial spectrum, but they were not effective against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Phenolic contents of all Hypericum species and antimicrobial activity of only H. perforatum extracts were significantly increased by altitude rising, but no positive correlation was detected in antioxidant activity of extracts due to habitat altitude.
Effects of Chemical Fertilizer and Some Bacterial Formulations on Growing Medium and Plant Heavy Metal Content in Poinsettia Cultivation
Authors: PARLAKOVA KARAGÖZ Fazilet , DURSUN Atilla
Published: May 2020

High amount of chemical fertilizers and various pesticides are used in the cultivation of poinsettia. This study was conducted to compare the amount of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd (mg kg-1) and B (mg kg-1) metalloid) accumulated by the use of different bacterial formulations and chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of poinsettia. The research was conducted in climate controlled research greenhouse conditions between July 2015 and July 2017. In the study, rooted cuttings of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.ex Klotzsch cv. Christmas Eve) were used as plant material. The applications were created as BI (Paenibacillus polymyxa TV-12E + Pseudomonas putida TV-42A + Pantoea agglomerans RK-79), BII (Bacillus megaterium TV-91C + Pantoea agglomerans RK-92 + Bacillus subtilis TV- 17C), BIII (Bacillus megaterium TV-91C + Pantoea agglomerans RK-92 + Kluyvera cryocrescens TV-113C), BIV (Bacillus megaterium TV-91C + Pantoea agglomerans RK-79 + Bacillus megaterium TV-6D), CF [the full amount of commonly used chemical fertilizer (150 g 100L-1)], BI+CF, BII+CF, BIII+CF, BIV+CF (by combining with 50% the reduced amount of chemical fertilizer by (75 g 100L-1)) and control (uninoculated). The highest Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd (mg kg-1) amounts were obtained from BIV application in growth medium. According to CF and control applications, BI+CF application was determined as reducing in the Zn amount of leaf samples of plants 14.47% and 15.70%, respectively. BI application was determined as reducing in the Cd amount of leaf samples of plants 26.58% and 54.69%, respectively when compared to CF and control applications. The highest amount of Pb was determined in plant root samples.
EDC's as Industrial Chemicals and Settler Colonial Structures
Authors: Shadaan Reena , Murphy Michelle
Published: May 2020

Oil refineries and settler colonialism are not typically how feminist and environmental frameworks scope the problem of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Instead, it is much more common to find EDCs described as a problem of packaging, plastics, and consumer goods, and to characterize their effects as a problem of bodily damage, and particularly as injuries or alterations to the reproductive and sexual development of individuals. This paper seeks to disrupt these individualized, molecularized, damage-centered and body-centered frames, and to strengthen decolonial feminist frameworks for understanding EDCs. We contend that our understanding of EDCs must expand to the structures of settler colonialism and racial capitalism that accompany oil extraction and refining, as well as to the distribution of emissions to airs, waters and lands. Building on the argument that pollution is colonialism, we hold that EDCs are materially a form of colonial environmental violence, disrupting land/body relations, and at the same time, are made possible by a permission-to-pollute regulatory regime.
Naked in the Face of Contamination
Authors: Fiske Amelia
Published: May 2020

While chemicals are often described and acted upon in technoscientific forums as isolated, discrete entities, vernacular experience points to possibilities of experiencing, speaking about, and imagining chemical exposures that have otherwise been rendered politically obsolete. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork in the Ecuadorian Amazon, this article invokes accounts of daily life in order to argue that vernacular experience is necessary for understanding what it means to live in a place of environmental hazard, and for building a more inclusive politics of knowledge production in models and assessments of toxicity. Descriptions such as “naked in the face of contamination,” “swimming in oil,” “smoke thick like marmalade,” or exclamations of pain re-lived “tsaac!” refuse hegemonic assumptions about how chemicals alter and enable life. To take these descriptions of life seriously is to recognize the ways that chemical concentrations often far exceed the ‘normal’ forms and quantities modeled in risk assessments of standard oil operations. The chemically saturated present demands a reconfiguration of toxicity – as a socio-material process, epistemic concept, and embodied experience – in order to work towards political and environmental, as well as epistemological, justice.
Paean to Bicillin L-A ® and the End of Harry Harlow's Rhesus Monkey Experiments
Authors: Munson Peggy
Published: May 2020

I was in Harry Harlow's “Pit of Despair,” that walled

isolation chamber with a one-way mirror: spent months there,

rocking like a horse turned wooden by the blank stare

of a mute whisperer into part of an attic's

unaccounted boneyard.  I do know how it feels to suckle

at a wire mother, because a tin mom's teleprompter

was the script given me by captors

whose transgenic faces tarred my raptor-feathered fight. 

Isolation, that velvet rope of triage that cannot be deveined,

spelled out America's subliminal apartheids

like a bride's soft skin that lives within her hardened marriage.

 

I started off homebound, a leitmotif of the Mandela

Effect, once a latchkey kid, keyed up in the collective amygdala,

then gently cordoned off the way a capsized crew

is threaded off from where they tread together

until one of them goes lost.  Later, I was rigid as the monkey

huddled in a corner, egg-eyed like the tempest

of an anthropomorphic psychosis that society sections away. 

That monkey's mutagenic life became the DNA of

all human cruelty. I pined for touch

while the chemical cartel nudged me with its ammonia

waves, and even now, I cry for the word felt.
Toxic Soldiers, Flickering Knowledges, and Enlisted Care
Authors: Morgan Alli , Fortun Kim
Published: May 2020

Based on many years of fieldwork with US veterans, this essay examines the production of “toxic subjects” through three types of toxic exposures in the history of US soldiering—from Agent Orange during the Vietnam war, to still unspecified exposures that produced Gulf War Syndrome in the first Gulf war, and to the burn pits used for waste disposal on bases throughout the US occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan.  While all toxic subjects are at odds with established systems of medicine and law, we argue that toxic subjects in military formations are especially challenging. Deeply entrenched ideas about soldiers’ able-bodied masculinity and readiness for sacrifice (coupled with the logics of entrenched legal and biomedical systems) make toxic soldiers particularly difficult to account and care for. We describe the experiences, structural positioning, dispossession and resistances of toxic soldiers at different historical conjunctures, pointing to cultural logics that connect them. Working with an especially literal instantiation of “the subaltern,” we hope to help toxic soldiers speak, so to speak, giving them “access to metonymization” (Spivak, 2004)—capacity to understand and experience their conditions collectively, politically and culturally.  We cast toxic subjects as sentinel figures of “late industrialism,” a historical juncture characterized by pervasive contamination (of bodies, landscapes and political systems) and out-of-date infrastructure (conceptual, biomedical, legal, technological).