bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Caras de una misma moneda? Conservación de la biodiversidad y extractivismo en América Latina
Authors: Klier Gabriela , Folguera Guillermo
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo nos focalizamos en el análisis y comparación de los supuestos que subyacen a dos tipos de prácticas humanas que son señaladas como antagónicas: el actual modelo denominado “extractivista” y las prácticas hegemónicas vinculadas a la conservación, en particular, las provenientes del área de la biología de la conservación. Para ello, hemos analizado tres supuestos comunes a ambas prácticas: su carácter global, la exclusión del vivir humano y la cosificación de la naturaleza. Nuestra hipótesis señala que el extractivismo y la conservación de la biodiversidad presentan pilares complementarios, referidos a la relación entre lo humano y lo ambiental así como respecto de la concepción de la Naturaleza. A su vez, buscamos recuperar ciertas propuestas al seno de la conservación que disputan la perspectiva hegemónica del área a modo de trazar nuevos horizontes en el cuidado ambiental.
Los guardianes del agua: cosmopolítica y conservación del agua en los Altos de Morelos, México
Authors: Villagómez Reséndiz Radamés
Published: September 2017

Este artículo da cuenta de una paradoja en torno a la impronta conservacionista suscitada en las últimas décadas en la región de los Altos de Morelos, México, a partir del proceso de apropiación de los manantiales por parte de la comunidad de Hueyapan. Para lograrlo mostraremos que, por un lado, lejos de ser el resultado de un movimiento organizado ex professo en torno a un proyecto de conservación de los mantos acuíferos de la sierra Nevada, el motor que ha impulsado dicha impronta ecologista es justamente un tipo de racionalidad económica, cuya lógica de maximización de utilidades, no solo ha transformado el régimen agrícola de una comunidad, sino que además constituye un insumo que se ha sumado a la defensa del territorio llevada a cabo por la Asamblea Permanente de los Pueblos de Morelos (APPM), en particular, en contra de la construcción de un gasoducto y de la presa termoeléctrica de Huexca. Por otro lado, haremos ver que, la racionalidad económica que motivó a los pobladores de la comunidad de Hueyapan a apropiarse de los manantiales del volcán Popocatépetl, más que oponerse a una noción reificada de valor cultural, se encuentra cimentada en una cosmopolítica oculta en el equívoco ontológico sobre los guardianes del agua.
Transformaciones territoriales en las fronteras productivas: ¿hibridación de usos o profundización del extractivismo en Argentina?
Authors: Nogar Ada Graciela , Larsen Brenda Ayelén
Published: September 2017

Este estudio analiza la aceleración de los ciclos productivos y extractivos a partir de las interrelaciones entre actores locales, empresas y Estados. El mismo se sustenta en investigaciones que estudian procesos de homogeneización productiva y las fragilidades ambientales consecuentes. El objetivo es estudiar las relaciones existentes entre Estado y capital en los procesos de apropiación de los recursos naturales para comprender su situación ambiental en un contexto de (re)primarización productiva/extractiva y (re)posicionamiento territorial. Para ello, se analizaron las concertaciones y conflictos originados por la apropiación productiva de los territorios debido a: i- la necesidad de competitividad del capital, ii- la incorporación de innovación, iii- la demanda de commodities, iv- los nuevos conocimientos para la acción rentable, v- la disponibilidad de recursos escasos y e- el respaldo institucional para la apropiación. En este trabajo se observa que los espacios rurales son dinamizados por redes de poder y gobernanzas dispersas internacionalmente. Así los recursos son apropiados por las administraciones de turno. Estas acciones de posesión se ensamblan a cadenas de valor globalizadas que inducen re-posicionamiento territorial vía re-primarización y profundización de los conflictos ambientales.
Trayectorias de vida y ecologismos desde Suramérica. Un entrecruzamiento entre lo individual y lo colectivo
Authors: Barzola Erika Judith
Published: September 2017

Durante el 2013 y 2015 desarrollamos un trabajo de investigación, en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, a partir del que pudimos identificar tres corrientes del ecologismo que mantienen un interesante contrapunto con las corrientes postuladas por Martínez Alier, la corriente de protección, la de derechos socio-ambientales y la corriente del ecologismo por la vida. Además, nos fue posible rastrar diferentes trayectorias de vida de los diversos activistas socio-ambientales, lo que nos permitió comprender como esas trayectorias individuales se conjugan y coadyuvan a caracterizar y particularizar los ecologismos reconocidos. A lo largo de este escrito buscamos presentar en primer lugar, las diferentes trayectorias de vida que hemos podido identificar en nuestro trabajo de investigación para, en un segundo momento, exponer las intersecciones que se dan entre éstas trayectorias y los rastros y características de los ecologismos identificados.
Las aguas de São Paulo: reconexión de la ciudad y los ciudadanos con sus ríos
Authors: Cavalheiro Ribeiro da Silva Camila
Published: September 2017

A pesar de que la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil, contiene una extensa red hidrográfica, su desarrollo urbano desde el inicio del siglo XX hasta la actualidad es realizado sin considerar el potencial y la necesidad de su integración con el agua en su cauce natural. En efecto, la urbanización explotó el potencial hídrico de la ciudad y a través de obras públicas, como la creación de vías expresas en las márgenes de los ríos Pinheiros y Tietê a partir de 1968, transformó drásticamente las dimensiones, el curso y hasta el flujo original de los ríos. La ciudad que resultó de este proceso generó insatisfacción en diversos frentes y, como respuesta a esto, tanto en el siglo XX como en el inicio del siglo XXI, surgieron variadas iniciativas de aproximación entre el agua, la ciudad y los ciudadanos. Con la intención de destacar algunos movimientos de reconexión entre la ciudad y los ríos urbanos como una manifestación de la ciudadanía subversiva y de la lucha por el derecho a la ciudad, este texto contiene tres partes. Primero, un sucinto marco teórico. Segundo, una breve contextualización de la hidrografía y de la urbanización de São Paulo. Tercero, la presentación de una serie de proyectos realizados con la intención de reconectar las personas y la ciudad con los ríos, organizados por áreas de actuación, seguida de las conclusiones.
Modeling of Teaching 5th-7th-Grade Boys Physical Exercises
Authors: Abdulkhalikova T. H.
Published: September 2017

The research objective is to determine the effectiveness of orthogonal variants of teaching 5th-7th graders physical exercises.Materials and methods. The participants in the research were boys of the 5th grade (n = 32), 6th grade (n = 40), 7th grade (n = 52). To achieve the tasks set, the research used the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical testing, pedagogical observation, timing of educational tasks; pedagogical experiment, medical and biological research methods; methods of mathematical statistics, methods of mathematical experiment planning.In order to achieve the objective set, the research has studied the effect of different variants of the educational process structure, namely: the number of repetitions (х1) and rest intervals (х2) when learning the technique of performing physical exercises. The research has conducted a complete factor experiment of type 22. According to the experiment plan, the 5th-7th graders were divided into training groups. In total, there were 12 experimental groups organized.Research results. The analysis of the regression equations shows that the teaching of physical exercises to the 5th-7th-grade boys is mostly influenced by rest intervals between repetitions (х2). The number of repetitions (х1) has somewhat less influence. The interaction of these factors is insignificant when teaching physical exercises and becomes much more influential only when teaching a switch leg pull-over exercise (х1х2).Conclusions. To increase the effectiveness of teaching 5th-7th graders physical exercises, it is necessary to shorten rest intervals between repetition to 60 s and to reduce the number of repetitions to six. When teaching boys the switch leg pull-over exercise, rest intervals should be increased to 120 s and the number of repetitions — to twelve.
Modified total RNA extraction for Heterosigma akashiwo using the Qiagen RNeasy kit v1
Authors: Accerbi Monica , K Nagarajan Vinay , Coyne Kathryn , J Green Pamela
Published: September 2017

This protocol isa modifiedversion of the Qiagen RNeasy assay for isolating total RNA from Heterosigma akashiwo.We used this protocol to obtain high quality RNA for downstream analysis such as quantitative PCR.
MULTIMODAL FEEDBACK PROVISION IN IMPROVING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ COMPETENCE
Authors: Yusuf Fazri Nur , Widiati Utami , Sulistyo Teguh
Published: September 2017

Studies on potentials of feedback over English language teaching seem not to have not been well-revealed, including studies on the use of feedback to improve English pre-service teachers’ competence. The present study investigates to what extent a multimodal feedback can influence pre-service teachers’ teaching, and which teaching aspects are influenced. Twenty five pre-service teachers taking Microteaching Course served as respondents supervised by a course advisor. The data were collected by teacher observation in a rating-scale form, self-appraisal, and interviews. The data were analyzed by using correlated sample t-test and the eight teaching components proposed by Brown (2001). The results showed that after multimodal feedback provision, pre-service teachers indicated an improvement significantly in seven out of eight teaching aspects. The provision of multimodal feedback could improve their teaching competence on preparation, instructional objective elicitation, mastery of instructional materials, use of media, and classroom management, including classroom language. But, the results do not indicate that they perform well on reflection and follow-up due to some reasons. In addition, the results evince that multimodal feedback provision could improve pre-service teachers’ pedagogical competence when the multimodal feedback is integrated with content, interpersonal relationship, and management.
VOLITIONAL STRATEGIES THROUGH METACOGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN FOSTERING READING MOTIVATION
Authors: Damaianti Vismaia S.
Published: September 2017

Student’s reading skill is deemed vitally important to attain high academic achievements. The results of the previous studies, however, show that Indonesian students' reading skill is still unsatisfying due to their low motivation. The purpose of this study is to address this problem of students’ motivation by examining the effectiveness of a volitional strategy through metacognitive development to students of Islamic Junior High School [Madrasah Tsanawiyah] in Indonesia. A quasi-experimental method with a factorial design is used in this research. Indicators for increasing students’ reading motivation come from Cambria and Guthrie (2010). Measures of increased motivation to read with the volitional strategy were done through metacognitive development which is based on self-monitoring and awareness of reading skills mastery. This study concludes that the volitional strategy through metacognitive development is proved effective in increasing students’ motivation for reading, students with both low and high reading skills. This has implications for the efforts to foster motivation for reading by intensively using the strategy for Madrasah Tsanawiyah education contexts.
EMPLOYERS’ VIEWS ON IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH PROFICIENCY AND COMMUNICATION SKILL FOR EMPLOYABILITY IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Ting Su-Hie , Marzuki Ernisa , Chuah Kee-Man , Misieng Jecky , Jerome Collin
Published: September 2017

Employability of graduates is a concern in many countries, including Malaysia, and the high unemployment rate among graduates is often attributed to their lack of English proficiency and communication skills. These two distinctive elements are often collated, and it is important to find out which is more important to employers. The study examined the employers’ views on the importance of English proficiency and communication skill for graduates to be employed in the Malaysian private sector. The data were from semi-structured interviews conducted with 10 employers in the private sector who were in the position to recruit staff. The 21,433-word interview transcripts were analyzed. The results revealed that employers in the Malaysian private sector view language proficiency and communication skills as separate qualities. The employers are willing to consider employing candidates with average English proficiency if they have good communication skills, except for jobs which require more communication in English such as customer service and marketing. The results also revealed that good communication skills can increase employability and opportunities for career advancement. The findings highlight the communication skills that universities need to emphasize so that their graduates have the necessary skills to perform well in employment interviews and in their work.
COMMUNICATIVE ASPECTS OF MULTILINGUAL CODE SWITCHING IN COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION
Authors: Caparaz Pilar , Gustilo Leah
Published: September 2017

The quintessential role of language has been punctiliously studied relative to intercultural communication, cultural heritage, social development, education, identity construction and many more domains. One forum wherein language is investigated is the Computer-mediated Communication (CMC) which provides a fertile ground for linguistic and sociolinguistic analyses. The present study aims at investigating the preferred codes used in code switching (CS), functions of CS, and the motives of users for employing CS in CMC. The present study was based on the investigation of 200 status updates and 100 wall posts of 50 Facebook accounts of students who are enrolled in a leading state university in Mindanao and professionals who graduated from the same university. Besides English and Filipino, these Facebook users speak various regional languages such as Chavacano, Cebuano, and Tausug. Their posts were analyzed employing eclectic approaches in analyzing inter-sentential and intra-sentential code switching. The findings reveal that the preferred code in their online communication is Taglish. It implies that Taglish is an equalizer, non-privileging, non-discriminating, and more unifying. The primary reason for CS is because of real lexical need. Besides the given categories, the study determined four other reasons for CS, namely: to express ideas spontaneously, to retain native terminology, to express disappointment, and to promote relationship. The findings vouch for the viability of regional languages to co-exist with English and other languages in the gamut of human interactions in the internet.
A CASE STUDY OF COMBINED PEER-TEACHER FEEDBACK ON PARAGRAPH WRITING AT A UNIVERSITY IN THAILAND
Authors: Loan Nguyen Thi Thuy
Published: September 2017

Writing in English is challenging for ESL writers, so feedback is crucial in assisting them. Although several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of peer and teacher-feedback in ESL writing, studies on the combined peer-teacher feedback model tend to be scarce. This study thus reported on the combined feedback model in two paragraph-writing classes of sixty students at a university in Thailand where English is taught as a foreign language, students are reported to be passive in class activities and most writing programs are still taught using the traditional method. Students’ peer comments (both valid and invalid ones), their revisions based on both their peers’ and teacher’s feedback (correct and incorrect revisions) and their grades on each paragraph were recorded, and a five-point Likert scale survey and a focus group interview were conducted. The findings indicated its success in terms of students’ positive attitudes towards this feedback model, the usefulness of peer comments, high percentages of feedback incorporations and the high overall writing scores. This paper is thus expected to shed some light on how Thai university students with their passive style of learning English positively react to this interactive activity and partly reflect how in-service teachers adjust feedback strategies in their actual teaching situations.
HEGEMONIC AND MINORITY DISCOURSES AROUND IMMIGRANTS: A CORPUS-BASED CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Authors: Al Fajri Muchamad Sholakhuddin
Published: September 2017

This study aims to analyse discourses surrounding the word immigrants in a large collection of naturally occurring language, ‘ukWac’ corpus (Web as Corpus). It employs corpus linguistics as a methodology to carry out critical discourse analysis research. Specifically, collocation analyses were used to identify dominant representations and discourse prosodies (Stubbs, 2007) of immigrants. Concordance analyses were then applied to examine the data in a more qualitative way. The findings suggest that while there are a few instances indicating positive representations of immigrants, hegemonic discourses around them are more negative. They are predominantly constructed as illegal entities, victims and dangerous groups. These constructions are likely to prime people to think that all immigrants are illegal and threatening, and will not be able to integrate into their host society.
A (FORENSIC) STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF ADVERBIALS OF ATTITUDE AND EMPHASIS IN SUPREME COURT DECISIONS IN PHILIPPINE ENGLISH
Authors: Hernandez Hjalmar Punla
Published: September 2017

Contemporarily, stylistics today has developed into its multiplicity – one of which is forensic stylistics. Being a powerfully legal written discourse, Supreme Court decisions are a rich corpus in which linguistic vis-a-vis stylistic choices of Court justices could be examined. This study is a humble attempt at stylistically analyzing Supreme Court decisions in Philippine English (PhE) drafted by two Filipino justices. Specifically, it sought to investigate on the classes, placements, and environments of adverbials of attitude and emphasis employed by the two justices, and drew their implications to teaching and learning English for Legal Purposes (ELP). Using McMenamin (2012), Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech, and Svartvik (1985), and Dita’s (2011) frameworks, 54 randomly selected Supreme Court decisions as primary sources of legal language were analyzed. Results are the following. Firstly, the classes of adverbials of attitude in Supreme Court decisions in PhE used by the two judges were the evaluation to the subject of the clause, judgment to the whole clause, and evaluation to an action performed by the subject of the clause, while those adverbials of emphasis were adverbials of conviction and doubt. Secondly, both adverbials they used have placements that were frequently medial and less initial in sentences where they belonged. Thirdly, the two justices put their adverbials within two principal environments, i.e. within functor, and before/after the verb among others. In these regards, legal and stylistic explanations with respect to these recurrent linguistic features in the two justices’ Court decisions were revealed. Implications of the study to ELP are explained. Lastly, trajectories for future (forensic) stylistic analyses have been recommended.
POSTCOLONIAL ARABIC FICTION REVISITED: NATURALISM AND EXISTENTIALISM IN GHASSAN KANAFANI’S MEN IN THE SUN
Authors: Neimneh Shadi Saleh
Published: September 2017

This article looks into the postcolonial Arabic narrative of Ghassan Kanafani to examine its underplayed existential and naturalistic aspects. Postcolonial texts (and their exegeses) deal with the effects of colonization/imperialism. They are expected to be political and are judged accordingly. Drawing on Kanafani’s Men in the Sun (1963), I argue that the intersection among existentialism and naturalism, on the one hand, and postcolonialism, on the other, intensifies the political relevance of the latter theory and better establishes the politically committed nature of Kanafani’s fiction of resistance. In the novella, the sun and the desert are a pivotal existential symbol juxtaposed against the despicable life led by three Palestinian refugees. The gruesome death we encounter testifies to the absurdity of life after attempts at self-definition through making choices. The gritty existence characteristic of Kanafani's work makes his representation of the lives of alienated characters more accurate and more visceral. Kanafani uses philosophical and sociological theories to augment the political nature of his protest fiction, one acting within postcolonial parameters of dispossession to object to different forms of imperialism and diaspora. Therefore, this article explores how global critical frameworks (naturalism and existentialism) enrich the localized contexts essential to any study of postcolonial literature and equally move the traditional national allegory of Kanafani to a more realist/unidealistic level of political indictment against oppression.
A reivindicação do direito à saúde pelas Organizações Não Governamentais do Distrito Federal: garantia de direito social ou assistencialismo?
Authors: Cruz Regina Aparecida da
Published: September 2017

Objetivo - Este artigo analisa a atuação das ONGs na defesa da saúde no Distrito Federal (DF), a partir de um questionário respondido pelos seus dirigentes nos anos de 2008 e 2009. Metodologia – Foi empregada a técnica da entrevista semiestruturada e análise do discurso do sujeito coletivo (ADS). Resultado: As ONG têm atuado muito mais no assistencialismo primário, funcionando basicamente como prestadores de serviços aos usuários do sistema de saúde no DF do que como associações focadas em reivindicar a melhoria das políticas de saúde no DF em prol da garantia do direito social à saúde. Conclusão: A atuação das ONGs do DF tem sido insuficiente para influenciar politicamente a garantia do direito à saúde e, consequentemente, para atuar de forma condizente ao exercício da cidadania em saúde.
Atuação e competência do Conselho Municipal de Saúde Santo Antônio do Descoberto, DF
Authors: Silva Rosimary Bernardes
Published: September 2017

A Constituição Brasileira de 1988 e a Lei 8142/90 garantem a participação social na gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde, influenciado pelos movimentos populares que buscavam estabelecer proteção à saúde coletiva e individual, de forma democrática e organizada. A determinação das competências Básicas dos Conselhos de Saúde descrita no Decreto 333/2003, está fundamentada em princípios democráticos, que busca atender as necessidades da população e normatiza as ações dos conselhos de saúde por meio do estabelecimento de suas atribuições e diretrizes regulamentadoras.
O direito à saúde no Brasil: da redemocratização constitucional ao neoliberalismo de exceção dos tempos atuais
Authors: Almeida Cunha Jarbas Ricardo
Published: September 2017

Objetivo: Delinear o histórico juspolítico do Direito à Saúde no Brasil em quatro fases da Nova República, desde sua redemocratização dos anos 1980 até a conjuntura constitucional hodierna. Metodologia: Utiliza-se a revisão de literatura de tipo narrativa com a finalidade de analisar o estado da arte do Direito à Saúde no Brasil. Resultados: O histórico juspolítico do Direito à Saúde constitucionalizado no Brasil é influenciado por uma disputa ideopolítica que fornece como resultado alguns avanços e muitos retrocessos em relação ao projeto do SUS Constitucional. Conclusão: É preciso recolocar na pauta nacional a defesa da efetivação do Direito à Saúde no Brasil, afirmando os objetivos, princípios e diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Indenizações que envolvem o parto à luz do entendimento do Superior Tribunal de Justiça - STJ
Authors: Rodrigues Thaísa Mara Leal Cintra , Nunes Altacilio Aparecido
Published: September 2017

Introdução: O Ministério da Saúde tem apostado na mudança da cultura do parto, a fim de estabelecer diretrizes baseadas na assistência humanizada. Os médicos obstetras têm  papel relevante nesse processo, pois participam de maneira ativa na aplicação do conhecimento e das melhores técnicas para realização de um parto seguro. Métodos: O trabalho analisou o discurso dos julgadores do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), nas ações indenizatórias envolvendo partos, mediante o estudo do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), o qual reflete opiniões e posicionamentos relacionados à área médica obstétrica. Resultados: O discurso dos julgadores do STJ ressaltou a responsabilidade objetiva dos hospitais, sejam públicos ou privados, ao passo que aos médicos foi atribuída a responsabilidade subjetiva, devendo ser comprovada a culpa do profissional. As provas periciais produzidas foram essenciais para o desfecho da ação. As ações improcedentes sustentaram que a obrigação de meio excluiu a responsabilidade, desde que realizados todos os procedimentos necessários e adequados. A União foi considerada parte ilegítima para responder pelos danos relacionados ao Sistema Único de Saúde. Discussão: Os discursos sugerem discussões acerca da mudança gradativa entre os envolvidos no processo gestacional e puerperal, inclusive aos operadores do direito, aplicadores da lei ao caso concreto, assim como aos profissionais da saúde obstétrica no exercício da profissão.  Conclusão: Os casos analisados debateram sobre os riscos da prática médica obstétrica, o que pode ser objeto de reflexão, a fim de reduzir custos provenientes das altas indenizações, bem como incentivar a humanização, a qualidade e excelência na assistência ao parto.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE PACIENTES REINTERNADOS NO SETOR DE CARDIOLOGIA
Authors: Rosa Ana Cláudia Marques , Lamari Neuseli Marino
Published: October 2017

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares fazem parte do grupo de doenças crônicas e apresentam alto índice de mortalidade. Desta forma, representam grande demanda aos serviços hospitalares, contribuindo com um número alto de internações e reinternações. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil de pacientes reinternados na enfermaria do setor de Cardiologia de um hospital escola. Casuística e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo clínico transversal, qualitativo e quantitativo. O levantamento de dados foi obtido por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada feita com pacientes ou acompanhantes, entre os meses de junho a outubro de 2014. Os dados foram registrados no programa Microsoft Excel e a interpretação ocorreu por análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: Do total de 544 pacientes entrevistados durante este período, 86 estiveram reinternados no setor de cardiologia. Mais da metade eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 66 ± 13,08 anos, casados, aposentados e com baixa escolaridade. As principais condições clínicas pregressas foram hipertensão, tabagismo, diabetes, etilismo e dislipidemia. Predominaram reinternações que tiveram como afecções de base, insuficiência cardíaca, infarto agudo do miocárdio e valvopatia. Conclusão: Entre os pacientes reinternados predominaram os do sexo masculino, casados, aposentados, com baixa escolaridade. Predominaram reinternações que tiveram como afecções de base, insuficiência cardíaca, infarto agudo do miocárdio e valvopatia. Entre os motivos de reinternação os principais foram afecções respiratórias, insuficiência cardíaca, e os relacionados à doença arterial coronariana.
DIAGNÓSTICO DE SEPSE EM PACIENTES APÓS INTERNAÇÃO EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Moura Joice Marques , Sanches Eduarda , Pereira Roseli , Frutuoso Isabela , Werneck Alexandre Lins , Contrin Ligia Marcia
Published: October 2017

Introdução: Sepse é definida como uma disfunção orgânica potencialmente fatal causada por uma resposta do hospedeiro desregulada à infecção. Os pacientes com sepse (anteriormente chamada de sepse grave) ainda devem ser identificados pelos mesmos critérios de disfunção orgânica (incluindo o nível de lactato superior a 2 mmol/L). A disfunção orgânica também pode ser identificada no futuro, usando a avaliação rápida de insuficiência de órgãos baseada em sepse (qSOFA). Atualmente, a sepse é uma das principais causas de mortalidade nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Em 2003, foi criada a Sepsis Surviving Campaign (campanha sobrevivendo a sepse), elaborando um cronograma de ações para diminuir a incidência de sepse, principalmente em unidades de terapia intensiva. Objetivo: Conhecer as características clínicas e o desfecho dos pacientes que desenvolveram sepse durante a internação em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo propriamente dito, de campo, descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de prontuário eletrônico. Para analise dos dados foi utilizado o programa Epi Info, versão 7.2.1.0. Resultados: O maior número de internação foi do sexo masculino, com idade entre 51 e 70 anos. As comorbidades mais encontradas foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica, Diabetes Mellitus, etilismo, tabagismo e cardiopatia. O desfecho pós-sepse mais analisado foi alta da unidade de terapia intensiva, consideravelmente do sexo masculino. Conclusão: Concluímos que os pacientes que mais desenvolveram sepse foram homens (62%), faixa etária de 51 a 70 anos (36%); a principal comorbidade foi hipertensão arterial sistêmica (42%) e o desfecho mais observado foi alta da unidade de terapia intensiva (67%).
PROFISSIONAIS DE UM LABORATÓRIO DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA ESTIMULAM ESTUDANTES NA PREVENÇÃO DE DOENÇAS TRANSMITIDAS POR ALIMENTOS
Authors: Gonçalves Mayara Gambellini , Sezefredo Tatiane Simplício , Teixeira Inara Siqueira de Carvalho , Silva Sonia Izaura Lima , Prates Danilo Prates , Peresi Jacqueline Tanury Macruz , Paschoal Vania Del´Arco , Pedro Heloisa Da Silveira Paro , Nardi Susilene Maria Tonelli
Published: October 2017

Introdução: Ações educativas com ênfase na prevenção constituem importante ferramenta na redução de surtos de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTA). Objetivo: Verificar se, após palestras educativas, os estudantes modificaram seus hábitos diários a fim de prevenir as DTAs. Casuística e Métodos: Em quatro anos, profissionais e bolsistas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, por meio do projeto “Circuito Itinerante de Palestras” apresentaram 41 aulas expositivas e folder com abordagem dos agentes etiológicos, sintomas, medidas de prevenção, conservação e manuseio de alimentos para 1906 estudantes. Após dois meses da apresentação, um instrumento de avaliação com 10 afirmativas foi aplicado aos alunos para verificar se houve mudança de hábitos. Resultados: Responderam ao instrumento 1555 alunos, sendo que 81,5% mudaram hábitos, que foram mais incorporados pelos alunos dos 6º, 7º e 8º anos do ensino fundamental (EF) quando comparados aos alunos dos 9º ano EF, 1º e 3º anos do ensino médio (valor-p<0,05). A média de mudanças de hábitos relacionados aos quatro itens de higiene pessoal foi de 2,42 (DP 1,07) e aos seis itens sobre cuidados com alimentos foi de 3,37 (DP 1,41). Conclusão: Popularizar a ciência com ações educativas mostrou ser um método eficaz, uma vez que 81,5% dos jovens mudaram os hábitos diários de higiene pessoal e com os alimentos.
Ist Österreich voll in die DM-Zone integriert? Eine ökonometrische Analyse
Authors: Jaenicke Johannes , Neck Reinhard
Published: September 2017

Seit Anfang der achtziger Jahre betreibt Österreich eine enge Anbindung seiner Währung an die DM, um bei der Inflationsbekämpfung von der Reputation der Deutschen Bundesbank zu profitieren. Als Ergebnis dieser Hartwährungspolitik wird in der Literatur angenommen, daß die österreichische Wirtschaft voll in die erweiterte DM-Zone integriert sei. Die vorliegende Arbeit konfrontiert diese Hypothese mit Daten. Insbesondereüberprüft sie die deutsche Dominanzhypothese anhand von langfristigen Zinssätzen mit Kointegrations- und Granger-Kausalitätstests im vektorautoregressiven Modell. Hiernach werden die österreichischen Zinssätze nicht nur von den deutschen, sondern auch von den US-Zinssätzen beeinflußt. Außerdem kann entgegen der Erwartung keine Kointegrationsbeziehung gefunden werden. Die österreichische Währung ist damit (noch)nicht vollständig in die DM-Zone integriert.
Angewandte Geostatistik in der landwirtschaftlichen Versuchsplanung
Authors: Schwarz Herbert
Published: September 2017

In der landwirtschaftlichen Versuchsplanung tritt oft auch eine räumliche und/oder eine zeitliche Komponente auf. Bei Feldversuchen mit raumbezogenen Daten kann die Variation zwischen Messungen bei einer bestimmten Distanz mit Hilfe des Semivariogramms modelliert werden. Anhand eines praktischen Beispiels wird bei einem 50 mal 100 mgroßen Versuchsfeld in einem 7 mal 7 m Raster der Aufbau des Bodens, der sich bis zu einer Tiefe von 120 cm in drei unterschiedliche Horizonte gliedert, untersucht. Für die Strukturanalyse im obersten Bodenhorizont wird ein geschachteltes Variogrammodell mit Nuggeteffekt, einer sphärischen und zwei gauß´schen Komponenten, bei zonaler und geometrischen Anisotropie angepaßt.
Statistische Zählsprengel und ihre Anwendung in der thematischen Kartographie
Authors: Weber Martin
Published: September 2017

Die Statistischen Zählsprengel stellen die kleinsten räumlichen Einheiten der amtlichen Statistik dar, über die Großzählungsdaten verfügbar sind. Bei den Statistischen Zählsprengeln tritt das Problem der räumlichen Vergleichbarkeit eines Sachverhaltes auf, da die räumlichen Bezugsflächen in ihrer Größe stark differieren. Eine Möglichkeit derGebietsgliederung in möglichst gleich große Bezugsflächen ist die Verwendung von Quadratgitternetzen. Dabei werden die Siedlungsschwerpunkte der Zählsprengel möglichst kleinen Gitternetzmaschen zugeordnet und die Daten aggregiert.
NichtparametrischeMaximum-Likelihood-Schätzung bei Generalisierten Linearen Mischmodellen
Authors: Friedl Herwig
Published: September 2017

Die Arbeit untersucht algorithmische Aspekte des EM Algorithmus in Generalisierten Linearen Mischmodellenmit unbekannter Effekt-Verteilung.Die nichtparametrische Maximum-Likelihood Schätzung entspricht der Aufnahme zusätzlicher Prädiktor-Parameter und kann durch eine künstliche Datenreplikation realisiert werden.
A Class-Society of National Accounts Compilers? Considerations on Certain Requirements and Some Consequences of the Transition to the New Systems
Authors: Franz Alfred
Published: September 2017

Recent changes in the “regime“ of international National Accounting (NA) Standards entail clear changes to traditional practice, selfunderstanding and societal positioning of this kind of statistical work. Since the ability to follow and/or the legal impact of the new system is not evenly distributed over countries there is danger of segregation of the former NAfamily into a sort of “class society“. Surprisingly, neither on the side of government nor of scientific circles this problem has found sufficient attention so far.In the present text the implications and some consequential necessities are considered from different points of view, viz. the suitability of countries, the legalistic requirements and the operational use of the new instruments.
Wünsche an ein Österreichisches Bundesstatistik-Gesetz
Authors: Hackl Peter
Published: September 2017

Ergebnisse einer ÖSG-Podiumsdiskussion am 7. Oktober 1997
Die Tauglichkeit des Quotenverfahrensschemas unter Urnenmodellbedingungen
Authors: Quatember Andreas
Published: September 2017

Unter „Urnenmodellbedingungen“, also bei gleichen Auswahlwahrscheinlichkeiten für alle Objekte der Grundgesamtheit und ohne Berücksichtigung der Nichtstichprobenfehler, entspricht die Auswahl nach kombinierten Quoten einer nach einem mehrdimensionalen Merkmal geschichteten Zufallsauswahl. Sie kann daher auch die statistischen Eigenschaften dieses Verfahrens, die Erwartungstreue des damit erhobenen Schätzers für den Parameter ? des Untersuchungsmerkmals und den Genauigkeitsgewinn im Vergleich zu einer uneingeschränkten Zufallsauswahl für sich beanspruchen. Die Auswahl nach Randquoten liefert im allgemeinen selbst unter diesen Annahmen verzerrte Schätzungen für ?. Eslassen sich jedoch Bedingungen hinsichtlich der Quotenmerkmale angeben, unter denen dennoch erwartungstreue Schätzungen erzielt werden können und daraus werden Vorschläge für die Praktiker abgeleitet.
Book Reviews
Authors: Hatzinger Reinhold , Stadlober Ernst , Ehrenmüller Margit , Leopold-Wildburger Ulrike , Seeber Gilg , Konecny Franz , Leisch Friedrich , Müller Werner G. , Wertz Wolfgang , Janko Wolfgang , Filzmoser Peter
Published: September 2017

Workshop Statistics. (A. Rossman, B. von Oehsen)Lineare Regression und Verwandtes: Beispiele mit Lösungsvorschlägen. (H. Riedwyl)Multivariate Analysemethoden. Eine anwendungsorientierte Einführung. (K. Backhaus,B. Erichson, W. Plinke, R. Weiber)Angewandte Statistik. Anwendung statistischer Methoden. (L. Sachs)Testing Statistical Hypotheses. (E.L. Lehmann)Nonlinear Filters. Estimation and Applications. (H. Tanzaki)ARCH Models and Financial Applications. (C. Gourieroux)Essential Wavelets for Statistical Applications and Data Analysis. (T. Ogden)Survival Analysis. Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data. (J.P. Klein, M.L.Moeschberger)Computational Economics and Finance. Modelling and Analysis withMathematica.(H. Varian)Fuzzy-Clusteranalyse. Verfahren für die Bilderkennung, Klassifizierung und Datenanalyse. (F. Höppner, F. Klawonn, R. Kruse)
Some Properties of a Recently Introduced Approach to Ordinal Regression
Authors: Frommlet Florian
Published: September 2017

The statistical properties of a novel approach to ordinal regression which was only recently introduced in the literature are discussed. It is shown that for ordinal explanatory variables the approach is equivalent to isotonic regression, with some advantages when dealing with two-sided alternatives. For ordinal response variables the procedure behaves very differently and is asymptotically equivalent to a two-sample t-test between the extremecategories. A penalized version is introduced to improve power, and the procedureis evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. Finally the method is applied to microarray gene expression data on prostate cancer.
Outliers in Mixed Models for Monthly Average Temperatures
Authors: Andrade-Bejarano Mercedes , Longford Nicholas T.
Published: September 2017

Long-term series of monthly average temperatures taken at 28 sites in Valle del Cauca, Colombia, are studied. Mixed models are applied to cater for the within- and between-site variation. Outliers are inevitable in such studies, due to faulty equipment, slip-ups in the recording process, or unusual weather patterns. We apply a simulation-based approach to the assessment of the outlier status of suspected observations. It is a method based on graphical comparisons of user-defined features, related to large residuals, in the real andsimulated data sets. Robustness in the identification of the outliers is achieved by applying the procedure with several alternative models. The impact of the identified outliers is assessed. Two meteorological stations, Zaragoza and Monteloro, are identified as having many outliers, so that all the data from them should be discarded.
Spatial Temporal Conditional Auto-Regressive Model: A New Autoregressive Matrix
Authors: Mariella Leonardo , Tarantino Marco
Published: September 2017

In the study of geographical patterns of disease, multivariate areal data models proposed so far in the literature (Ma and Carlin, 2007; Carlin and Banerjee, 2003; Knorr-Held and Best, 2001) have allowed to handle several features of a phenomenon at the same time. In this paper, we propose a new model for areal data, the Spatial Temporal Conditional Auto-Regressive (STCAR) model, that allows to handle the spatial dependence between sites as well as the temporal dependence among the realizations, in the presence ofmeasurements recorded at each spatial location in a time interval. Inspired by the Generalized Multivariate Conditional Auto-Regressive (GMCAR) model published by Jin, Carlin, and Banerjee (2005), the STCAR model reduces the unknown parameters to the single parameter of spatial association estimated at every period considered. Unlike the Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) model proposed by Sims (1980), in addition, its space-time autoregressive matrix takes into account the spatial localization of the realizations sampled. Moreover, we already know that the main areas of application of these modelsrelate to disease mapping, disease clustering, ecological analysis (Lawson, Browne, and Vidal Rodeiro, 2003). In this work, however, the STCAR model is applied in business, exploiting the analogy between the danger of contracting a particular disease and the risk of falling into bankruptcy, in order to “reconstruct” the spatial temporal distribution of expected bankruptcies of small and medium enterprises of the province of Lecce (Italy).
The Beta-Hyperbolic Secant Distribution
Authors: Fischer Matthias J. , Vaughan David
Published: September 2017

The shape of a probability distribution is often summarized by the distribution’s skewness and kurtosis. Starting from a symmetric “parent” density f on the real line, we can modify its shape (i.e. introduce skewness and in-/decrease kurtosis) if f is appropriately weighted. In particular, every density w on the interval (0; 1) is a specific weighting function. Within this work, we follow up a proposal of Jones (2004) and choose the Beta distribution asunderlying weighting function w. “Parent” distributions like the Student-t, the logistic and the normal distribution have already been investigated in the literature. Based on the assumption that f is the density of a hyperbolic secant distribution, we introduce the Beta-hyperbolic secant (BHS) distribution. In contrast to the Beta-normal distribution and to the Beta-Student-t distribution, BHS densities are always unimodal and all moments exist. In contrast to the Beta-logistic distribution, the BHS distribution is more flexibleregarding the range of skewness and leptokurtosis combinations. Moreover,we propose a generalization which nests both the Beta-logistic and the BHS distribution. Finally, the goodness-of-fit between all above-mentioned distributions is compared for glass fibre data and aluminium returns.
A New Family of Distributions Based on the Generalized Pearson Differential Equation with Some Applications
Authors: Shakil Mohammad , Golam Kibria B.M. , Narain Singh Jai
Published: September 2017

Recently, a generalization of the Pearson differential equation has appeared in the literature, from which a vast majority of continuous probability density functions (pdf’s) can be generated, known as the generalized Pearson system of continuous probability distributions. This paper derives a new family of distributions based on the generalized Pearson differential equation, which is a natural generalization of the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution. Some characteristics of the new distribution are obtained.Plots for the cumulative distribution function, pdf and hazard function, tableswith percentiles and with values of skewness and kurtosis are provided. Itis observed that the new distribution is skewed to the right and bears mostof the properties of skewed distributions. As a motivation, the statistical applicationsof the results to a problem of forestry have been provided. It is found that our newly proposed model fits better than gamma, log-normal and inverse Gaussian distributions. Since many researchers have studied the use of the generalized inverse Gaussian distributions in the fields of biomedicine, demography, environmental and ecological sciences, finance, lifetime data, reliability theory, traffic data, etc., we hope the findings of the paper will be useful for the practitioners in various fields of theoretical and applied sciences.
Methodenbericht zur Modellbasierten Datenergänzung in der Leistungs- und Strukturstatistik
Authors: Dinges Gerlinde , Haitzmann Martin , Zach Sabine
Published: September 2017

Die 1997 eingeführte EU-harmonisierte Leistungs- und Strukturstatistik stellt eine der zentralen Informationsquellen zur Beurteilung der strukturellen Entwicklung österreichischer Unternehmen auf nationaler und regionaler Ebene dar. Dem Anliegen der Wirtschaft entsprechend wird diese Statistik als Konzentrationsstichprobe geführt. Klein- und Kleinstunternehmen – rund 89% der Grundgesamtheit – sind dadurch von statistischenVerpflichtungen weitestgehend befreit. Gemäß EU-Vorgaben ist jedoch zu gewährleisten, dass die übermittelten Daten die Struktur der Grundgesamtheit aller statistischen Einheiten der erfassten Wirtschaftsbereiche widerspiegeln. Der folgende Beitrag ist der methodischen Konzeption des dafür angewandten Modells zur Datenergänzung und dessen Umsetzung in der Praxis gewidmet. Zur praktischen Veranschaulichung dienen ausgewählte Wirtschaftszweige und Merkmale der Leistungs- und Strukturstatistik 2008.
A Quality Framework for Statistics based on Administrative Data Sources using the Example of the Austrian Census 2011
Authors: Berka Christopher , Humer Stefan , Lenk Manuela , Moser Mathias , Rechta Henrik , Schwerer Eliane
Published: September 2017

Along with the implementation of a register-based census we develop a methodological framework to assess administrative data sources for statistical use. Key aspects for the quality of these data are identified in the context of hyperdimensions and embedded into a process flow. Based on this approach we develop a structural quality framework and suggest a concept for quality assessment and several quality measures.
Adaptive Nonparametric Tests for the Generalized Behrens-Fisher Problem
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Uttam , Biswas Atanu , Dutta Dhiman
Published: September 2017

Some adaptive test procedures are developed for the generalized Behrens-Fisher problem. The one having a deterministic approach is based on calculating a measure of symmetry from each sample and using them as a basis for choosing between the modifiedWilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test (Fligner and Policello, 1981) and the modified Mood’s median test (Fligner and Rust, 1982). The other one is a probabilistic approach which also uses a combination of the modified Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and the modified Mood’smedian test according to an evidence of asymmetry provided by the p-value from the triples test for symmetry given in Randles, Fligner, Policello, and Wolfe (1980). This probabilistic approach is further modified by using a suitable function of the p-value from the triples test. A simulation study reveals that the modified procedure performs reasonably well in terms of power and attainment of the nominal size.
On the Ratio of two Independent Exponentiated Pareto Variables
Authors: Masoom Ali M. , Pal Manisha , Woo Jungsoo
Published: September 2017

In this paper we derive the distribution of the ratio of two independent exponentiated Pareto random variables, X and Y , and study its properties. We also find the UMVUE of Pr(X < Y ), and the UMVUE of its variance. As some of the expressions could not be expressed in closed forms, some special functions have been used to evaluate them.
Book Reviews: Benjamin AUER und Horst ROTTMANN (2010). Statistik und Ökonometrie für Wirtschaftswissenschaftler. Eine anwendungsorientierte Einführung.
Authors: Hackl Peter
Published: September 2017

Benjamin AUER und Horst ROTTMANN (2010). Statistik und Ökonometrie für Wirtschaftswissenschaftler.Eine anwendungsorientierte Einführung. Gabler Verlag,Wiesbaden,xxiv+720 Seiten, Online Service, Broschur, ISBN 978-3-8349-0323-5. (e54.95)
Double Acceptance Sampling Plans Based on Truncated Life Tests for the Marshall-Olkin Extended Exponential Distribution
Authors: Rao G. Srinivasa
Published: September 2017

In this paper, double acceptance sampling plans are developed for a truncated life test, when the lifetime of an item follows the Marshall-Olkin extended exponential distribution. The probability of acceptance is calculated for different consumer’s confidence levels fixing the producer’s risk at 0.05. The probability of acceptance and the producer’s risk are explained by means of examples.