bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEW ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF THE FINAL STONE AGE — KURSAK-1 IN THE LOWER REACHES OF THE KATUN RIVER (ALTAI MOUNTAINS)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, G. Markovskii , K. KIRYUSHIN ,   Altai State University, I. Dedov ,   Independent researcher, N. Glushko ,   Independent researcher
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of investigations aimed to discover Mesolithic and Neolithic sites in the Katun River valley in its lower reaches (Altai Republic, Chemalsky District). The research was carried out in 2022 by IAET SB RAS team and as a result, an archaeological object — Kursak-1 site — was discovered on the left bank of the Katun river in the estuary of the Karasu creek. During the inspection of the terrace from the surface we collected numerous archaeological material (274 stone artifacts, 3 small fragments of pottery). To determine the stratigraphic context of the deposits, a test pit was excavated; it revealed: 4 lithological layers, 2 cultural horizons, where 113 stone artifacts and 2 undisturbed objects (fire place and pit) were found. Blades are few, nuclei for blades and microblades are singular. There are also single specimens from the category of tools. About 80% of all stone artifacts are made from local raw materials, which are characterized by fracturing and heterogeneity, but were easily accessible. It is possible that a large number of amorphous flakes are associated with preparatory cleavage, when preforms were created. The results of the investigations indicate an active use of the site in ancient period, possibly as a workshop. At the present time, we can assume that the archaeological materials of horizon 2 belong to the Final Mesolithic, horizon 1 — to a later stage of the Final Stone Age.
A CRANIOLOGICAL FIND ON THE SQUARE OF THE NIKULTSINO BURIAL GROUND OF THE FATYANOVO CULTURE OF THE BRONZE AGE IN THE YAROSLAVL REGION
Authors:   Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, K. Solodovnikov , A. Semenov ,   Project «DNA History of Russia»
Published: December 2023

The results of a craniometric study of the skull of a man from a destroyed burial on the territory of the burial ground of the Upper Volga variant of the Fatyanovo culture are published. It belongs to a long-headed hyperdolichocrane very Caucasoid anthropological type with moderate latitudinal parameters of the facial structure, characterizing the physical appearance of the population of the Fatyanovo culture. To verify the assumption of a different cultural and chronological affiliation of the cranium, a principal component analysis was carried out. It includes individual measurements of skulls of the same subgroup of the Upper Volga group of the Fatyanovo culture, craniological materials from the medieval burial mounds of the Yaroslavl Krivichs, and to clarify the scale of statistical comparison, a skull from the burial culture of the Ryazan-Oka burial grounds from the burial of Undrich-90. A set of features distinguishing the population of the Fatyanovo culture and the medieval one on the territory of the Yaroslavl Volga region, and largely corresponding to epochal trends, is highlighted. It includes larger total dimensions of the skull sections, a slightly more inclined forehead, a clinognathic horizontal profiling at the upper level of a more orthognathic facial section, a higher nose bridge and significantly outstanding nasal bones on Bronze Age materials. According to the results of statistical analysis, the skull from the Nikultsino burial ground differs from the medieval ones, and morphologically is most similar to the materials of the Fatyanovo culture, especially from the same and neighboring Voronkovo burial grounds.
CHRONOLOGY OF GRAVES ON STONES FROM THE BASANDAIKA BURIAL MOUND
Authors:   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, L. Pletneva
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The chronology of mounds in the Basandaika Burial Mound was studied by Z.Ya. Boyarshinova, A.P. Dulzon, partially by V.A. Mogilnikov and L.M. Pletneva. Z.Ya. Boyarshinova stratigraphically divided burials of the Basandaika Burial Mound into upper and lower horizons and identified three seated burials. She dated the burials of the lower horizon to the 10th–12th centuries and the upper horizon to the 13th–14th centuries. However, she did not justify the dating, except for attributing the burials to horizons. A.P. Dulzon divided all burials of this mound into underground and surface ones. He dated some of the underground burials “mainly to the 12th century, possibly the 11th century”, and some to the 13th–14th centuries. The surface burials were dated to the 13th–14th centuries or possibly later. L.M. Pletneva dated several burial mounds in the Tomsk Ob Region, including the Basandaika Bural Mound, to the 12th–14th centuries and identified a set of items dating back to the 13th–14th centuries. Based on this, she attributed some of the burials from the Basandaika Burial Mound to the 13th–14th centuries. The issue of the chronology of the Basandaisky kurgan burial ground remains unresolved till day. This topic was revisited due to the introduction and processing of a substantial body of sources in scientific research. This paper focuses only on graves on stones (nine in total). The purpose of the paper is to identify additional details to justify the dating of graves on stones and accurately date them.
CHINESE PORCELAIN FROM RUSSIAN ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES OF THE OMSK IRTYSH REGION OF THE 17TH–18TH CENTURIES IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXTOF WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors:   Omsk State Museum-Reserve “Antiquity Siberian”, Ph. Tataurov
Published: December 2023

The archaeological study of Russian sites of the Modern age on the territory of Western Siberia is currently one of the steadily developing areas in Russian historical science. Representative materials on various aspects of the material culture of Russian Siberians have been accumulated. The written sources 17th–19th centuries it is in conditions of fragmented so the archaeological sources are the basis for studying certain categories of artifacts that have social and cultural significance. These include, in particular, Chinese porcelain dishes. In the Omsk Irtysh region, as part of the Western Siberian macroregion, three Russian archeological sites of the 17th–18th centuries have now been well studied: the Tara fortress, Ananino-I and Izyuk-I, and Chinese porcelain has been find on all of them. This paper examines the prerequisites for the appearance of this type of product in the region; the available materials are analyzed in a chronological and artistic-technological context, analogies with other Russian archeological sites of Western Siberia are given; written sources containing information about the use of this type of utensils by the population of the region are considered. This made it possible to determine the place of Chinese porcelain in the pottery complex and its potential as a dating source for the cultural layers of Russian settlements in Western Siberia during the specified period.
BOAT SHAPED HANIWA IN THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER TRANSPORT ON THE JAPANESE ARCHIPELAGO OF THE KOFUN PERIOD
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, I. Gnezdilova
Published: December 2023

This study considers a special type of archaeological artefacts — boat shaped haniwa, found at the burial complexes of the Kofun period (3rd –7th centuries A.D.) on Japanese archipelago. The settlement of the ancient population in the island territories with mountainous terrain contributed to the use of water transport. At the stage of formation of the political center, water transport became important for operational control and management of remote regions. This aspect of the history of the development of the Japanese archipelago needs a separate consideration, and today it is beginning to be included in the circle of scientific interests of Russian specialists. The development of water transport in the history of Japanese archipelago can be reconstructed of various artefacts, including boat shaped haniwa. In the development of water transport on the territory of the archipelago, on the basis of the methods of construction used, three types of ships are distinguished — dugout boats, semi-structured (block) ships and structure ships. Among semi-structured ships, two subtypes are defined — onesection and two-section. Currently 48 boat shaped haniwa have been found, all of which are of the semistructured (block) type. The sub-types of boat models are distributed roughly evenly. The boat shaped haniwa are models semi-structured (block) vessels and make it possible to reconstruct the construction of small vessels and determine the shipbuilding technology that was widespread during the Kofun period. The boat shaped haniwa are items of funerary equipment and were placed on large chiefdom mounds. They also carried a sacred function, symbolizing the transport for moving the soul of the deceased to the afterlife.
ABOUT OMSK SCHOOL OF ARCHAEOLOGY (TO THE 95TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF V.I. MATYUSHCHENKO)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, S. Tikhonov , S. Tataurov ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, L. Tataurova ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, K. Tikhomirov ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, I. Tolpeko ,   Omsk State University F.M. Dostoevsky
Published: December 2023

The article considers the pedagogical activity of V.I. Matyushchenko at Omsk State University in 1976–2005. Arriving in Omsk as an already established venerable scientist, he began his work virtually from scratch. There were no archaeologists in Omsk, and the territory of the region was explored very poorly. Having experience of work at Tomsk University, V.I. Matyushchenko began to work in several directions. In science, he continued his studies on topics that he had begun in Tomsk. Then he began to train young personnel, whom he attracted to archaeology, and whom he instructed to carry out the primary archaeological survey of the territories of the region. Finally, he launched extensive work on individual sites (Ekaterinovka-I, Novotroitskoye-I, Ermak-IV, Sidorovka and others), entrusting the work to young archaeologists. For many years he himself studied the objects near the village of Okunevo, where almost all his students were trained. As a result, researchers are still actively working in Omsk and other cities, who studied with V.I. Matyushchenko, which allows us to talk about his school.
Agronomic efficiency of organomineral fertilizer in onion cultivation
Authors: Oliveira Roberta Camargos , Rosa Hugo Franco de Novaes , Silva Sergio Macedo , Queiroz Angélica Araújo , Queiroz Luz José Magno
Published: December 2023

Onions has high nutritional and nutraceutical value. In the last decade the bulbs have gained increasingrelevance due their compounds linked to anti-cancer effects. The fertilization managment is relevant to thiscrop because the mineral’s influence beyond productivity, interfering in several aspects of quality. Organicsources despite available, adoption is still cautious and seen as an expense, rather than investment in soilquality. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the use of organomineral fertilizer on the development andproductivity of Akamaru hybrid. The experiment was carried out in Cristalina-GO, in a randomized block design,with 4 replications and 5 treatments: organomineral fertilizer (NPK) with the formula 02-20-05. The rates wereadjusted to approximately the same amounts, where 3,680 kg ha-1 was considered the 100% rate, 2,944 kg ha-1as 80%, 2,208 kg ha-1 as 60% and 1,472 kg ha-1 as 40% of the rate established. The rate of 2,300 kg ha-1 of theformulated 03-35-06 referred to 100% of the mineral source. The total yield of onion was not affected when theorganomineral source was used, therefore, it is a viable source for use in onion culture. A rate reduction of upto 20% of the recommended mineral rate allows good performance (85.5 t ha-1), with 7.5 t ha-1 higher than the60% reduction of the recommended rate.
Yield of Syn-1 synthetic varieties of tropical onion resulting from openpollinated Brazilian populations
Authors: Alves Ítala Layanne de Souza , Oliveira Valter Rodrigues de , Fernandes Santos Carlos Antonio
Published: December 2023

Due to technological limitations for the development of onion hybrids, first-cycle synthetic varieties (Syn1-SV) could be an alternative to partially explore heterotic vigor. The growing areas of onion hybrids in Brazilare mainly defined by bulb yield and uniformity. From this perspective, the present study aimed to developtropical onion Syn1-SV and estimate mid-parent heterosis (Hm), heterobeltiosis (Hp), and standard heterosis(Hs) as an alternative to hybrid development. Six Syn1-SVs, eight open-pollinated (OP) populations, and onecommercial hybrid were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications, in two semesters, forthe commercial bulb yield (CBY) and days to bulb harvest (DBH). Significant differences were observed fortreatments (T), semesters (S) and the T*S interaction for both variables (p-value<0.05). The OPs ‘Alfa SF RT’ inthe first semester and ‘IPA11’ in the second semester were the most precocious treatments. The highest CBYwas estimated in the commercial hybrid (105.8 t ha-1) and in ‘Alfa SF RT’ (45.5 t ha-1) in the first and secondsemesters, respectively. Three Syn1-SVs showed positive Hm values, ranging from 2.0% to 6.3% for CBY. ThreeSyn1-SV showed positive Hp values in the first semester, ranging from 3.0% to 5.2%, for CBY. Only the Syn1-SV ‘AlfaSF RT’ × ‘BRS Alfa São Francisco’ (48.9 t ha-1) showed positive Hs values, surpassing by a small value the controlOP population ‘IPA11’ (48.0 t ha-1), indicating the potential of Syn1-SV as an option for onion hybrids.
Inhomogeneous Couette flows for a two-layer fluid
Authors: Burmasheva Natal'ya Vladimirovna , Larina Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Prosviryakov Eugenii Yurevich
Published: December 2023

Предложено новое точное решение уравнений Навье-Стокса, описывающее установившееся изобарическое изотермическое течение стратифицированной по плотности и/или вязкости несжимаемой двуслойной жидкости.
Указанное точное решение принадлежит классу функций, линейных по части пространственных координат,
и является обобщением классического течения Куэтта в протяженном горизонтальном слое на случай неодномерных неоднородных течений.
В качестве системы краевых условий рассмотрена связка «условие прилипания + воздействие параболического ветра».
На общей границе двух слоев заявлено выполнение требования гладкости и непрерывности решения.
Построенное для каждого слоя решение было исследовано на предмет возможности описывать возникновение застойных точек поля скорости и генерации противотечений.
Строго показано, что указанное решение при определенном граничном управлении и варьировании геометрико-физических характеристик слоя отвечает множественной стратификации как поля скорости,
так и порождаемого им поля касательных напряжений.
The study of the stress-strain state of an elastically supported compressed strip
Authors: Minaeva Nadezhda V. , Gridnev S Yu , Skalko Yu I , Safronov Vladimir S. , Aleksandrova Ekaterina E.
Published: December 2023

Проведен анализ непрерывной зависимости функции, описывающей поведение реальной конструкции, от характеристик начальных несовершенств.
Получено условие, накладываемое на параметр внешнего воздействия и коэффициент жесткости основания,
при нарушении которого форма поперечного сечения полосы уже не будет близкой к прямоугольнику, т.е. полоса теряет устойчивость формы. При проведении исследования параметры внешних воздействий оставались независимыми.
Исходный вариант статьи был опубликован в сборнике Актуальные проблемы прикладной
математики, информатики и механики. Воронеж, 2022. С. 1265--1269
Описание спектра одной операторной матрицы четвертого порядка
Authors: Расулов Тулкин Хусенович , Rasulov Tulkin Husenovich , Лапитов Хакимбой Мирзо угли , Latipov Hakimboy M.
Published: December 2023

Рассматривается операторная матрица четвертого порядка ${\cal A}$.
Этот оператор соответствует гамильтониану системы с несохраняющимся числом и не более четырех частиц на решетке.
Показано, что операторная матрица ${\cal A}$ унитарно эквивалентна диагональной матрице,
диагональными элементами которой являются опять операторные матрицы четвертого порядка.
Описано местоположение существенного спектра оператора ${\cal A}$, т.е. выделены двухчастичная, трехчастичная и четырехчастичная ветви существенного спектра оператора ${\cal A}$.
Установлено, что существенный спектр операторной матрицы ${\cal A}$ состоит из объединения отрезков, число которых не
больше 14. Построен определитель Фредгольма, такой, что его множество нулей и дискретный спектр операторной матрицы ${\cal A}$ совпадают, кроме того, доказано, что число простых собственных значений операторной матрицы ${\cal A}$, лежащих вне существенного спектра, не превосходит 16.
О разрешимости одного класса нелинейных двумерных интегральных уравнений типа Гаммерштейна-Немыцкого на плоскости
Authors: Хачатрян Хачатур Агавардович , Khachatryan Khachatur Aghavardovich , Петросян Айкануш Самвеловна , Petrosyan Haykanush Samvelovna
Published: December 2023

Работа посвящена изучению вопросов существования и единственности положительного ограниченного и непрерывного решения для одного класса двумерных нелинейных интегральных уравнений с некомпактным оператором Гаммерштейна-Немыцкого на плоскости. Такие уравнения возникают в теории $p$-адических открытых и открыто-замкнутых струн, в кинетической теории газов, в математической теории географического распространения эпидемических заболеваний. Доказываются конструктивные теоремы существования и единственности ограниченного положительного решения. Исследуется также асимптотическое поведение построенного решения на бесконечности. Приводятся конкретные прикладные примеры указанного класса уравнений.
Влияние поверхностного пластического упрочнения на геометрические параметры круговых концентраторов напряжений в пластинах
Authors: Глебов Виктор Евгеньевич , Glebov Victor Evgen'evich
Published: December 2023

Разработана методика изучения влияния упрочняющей обработки на форму
концентраторов напряжений в виде сквозных круговых отверстий в пластинах после процедуры поверхностно-пластического деформирования.
Рассмотрены две модельных задачи:
- определение геометрической конфигурации кругового концентратора напряжения, вырезанного в прямоугольной пластине, подвергшейся опережающему поверхностно-пластическому деформированию;
- определение геометрической конфигурации кругового концентратора напряжения в круговой цилиндрической пластине, поверхность которого подверглась поверхностно-пластическому деформированию.
Приведены феноменологические методы восстановления полей остаточных напряжений и пластических деформаций
в пластинах после процедуры упрочнения.
Краевые задачи реконструкции напряженно-деформированного состояния сведены к корректным задачам фиктивной термоупругости.
На модельных расчетах для прямоугольной пластины из сплава ЭП742 и круговой цилиндрической пластины из сплава ЭИ698 проиллюстрирована адекватность предлагаемых подходов.
Получены профили образующих концентраторов напряжений плит.
В случае опережающего поверхностного пластического деформирования верхней грани
квадратной шарнирно опертой пластины толщиной 10 мм максимальное смещение образующей относительно
первоначальной конфигурации составило около 4 мкм.
Показано, что с уменьшением толщины пластины максимальное смещение образующей убывает.
В случае упрочнения поверхности кругового концентратора напряжений цилиндрической пластины максимальное смещение образующей концентратора напряжений составило около 1.4 мкм для пластин, опертых шарнирно и с жесткой заделкой боковой грани. Показано, что с уменьшением радиуса отверстия смещение образующей возрастает.
Effect of Blending Cotton/Bamboo on UV Protection and Functional Purposes of Trilobal Polyester Microfibers Knitted Fabrics Using Different Structures
Authors: Ali Marwa A. , Seddik Khaled Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Resistance to ultraviolet radiation and electrostatic charge is a basic property that must be considered in the manufacture of fabrics, particularly in light of the climate changes affecting people around the world in various regions, especially in subtropical and tropical regions. It has thus become necessary to focus on the use of different natural fibres to mitigate UV transitions and the formation of electrostatic charges. The aim of this research was to enhance the protection of the ultraviolet effect and reduce electrostatic charge formation by blending cellulose yarns (bamboo and cotton) with trilobal polyester microfiber yarn that has characteristics such as lightweight, low-thickness, high strength, and shine. Knitted samples were produced from two different structures according to their tightness factor (single jersey and fleece structures), the various functional properties of the produced fabrics, such as mass per unit area, thickness, air and water permeability, and bursting strength, were tested. The properties of electrostatic charge and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) were also determined. The findings indicate that the samples produced with bamboo resulted in a preferable performance with different structures, especially when considering electrostatic charge and UPF properties. Moreover, the fleece structure had a more significant effect on knitted samples’ behaviour than the single jersey (plain) structure.
Reflections on Music in Fiction: Rose Tremain’sMusic and Silence(1999), Julian Barnes’sThe Noise of Time(2016) and Roger Scruton’sPerictione in Colophon(2000)
Authors: Mildorf Jarmila
Published: December 2023

Music and literature are sister arts whose affinities and intertwinement over time have been explored from musicological and literary studies perspectives. Music holds great fascination with both scholars and lay persons because it manages to move us deeply even if we do not know much about it in a technical or theoretical sense. Aesthetic theories of music have time and again assigned this art form a special, sometimes even a divine, status. This article explores some ways in which contemporary novels reflect on music as an art form and cultural practice, its personal as well as political significance. It investigates how such reflection about music is embedded in the narrative texts, either as narratorial comments which momentarily suspend the action or as thoughts and opinions expressed by characters. In each case, readers are invited to follow the often deeply philosophical lines of reasoning presented in the text and to form their own ideas. Musical ekphrasis is used to convey at least a fleeting impression of the ephemeral ‘texture’ of the respective music and its lasting effects on the novels’ characters.
Can Online Platforms Promote Women-Led Exporting Firms?
Authors: Poole Jennifer P. , Volpe Martincus Christian
Published: December 2023

How can policymakers promote women-led exporting firms? In this paper, we study the role of online business platforms to reduce informational barriers to exporting for women entrepreneurs. We hypothesize that, if the costs associated with accessing digital platforms are more symmetric across gender than traditional trade costs, digital trade platforms can play an important role in making trade more gender equal. To assess this hypothesis, we combine information on firms’ participation inConnectAmericas, a free and purely informational online platform, and detailed firm-level export data of a developing country over a long period. We find that participation in this platform is associated with a significantly larger increase in exports for women-managed firms than for men-managed firms in otherwise identical products and destinations. Given existing evidence on the role of women-managed businesses in reducing gender earnings inequality, these results suggest that policies which encourage women participation in online environments, to reduce the informational barriers associated with operating in foreign markets, have the capacity to promote gender equality more broadly.
Replies to Gäb, Schmidt and Scott
Authors: Crane Tim
Published: December 2023

This article replies to criticism of my article, “Is Religious Belief a Kind of Belief?” by Sebastian Gäb, Eva Schmidt and Michael Scott.
A large fifth-millennium BC cemetery in the subarctic north of the Baltic Sea?
Authors: Hakonen Aki , Perälä Noora , Vaneeckhout Samuel , Laurén Tuija , Okkonen Jari
Published: December 2023

The European far north is an improbable location for a large prehistoric hunter-gatherer cemetery. Tainiaro, 80km south of the Arctic Circle, was first excavated four decades ago but the unpublished findings and their potential significance have evaded wider recognition. Despite the absence of skeletal evidence, dozens of fifth-millennium BC pits have been tentatively interpreted as burials. Here, the authors present the first analytical and comparative overview of the site. Many of the pits are consistent in form with those used for inhumation at contemporaneous sites suggesting that Tainiaro is one of the largest Stone Age cemeteries in northern Europe and raising questions about the cultural and subsistence practices of prehistoric societies in the subarctic.
To err is human: assessing failure and avoiding assumptions
Authors: Price Max , Jaffe Yitzchak
Published: December 2023

We thank the respondents for their thoughtful replies to our debate article (Price & Jaffe 2023). Our main objective was to start a dialogue on failure and, in that, we have happily succeeded. The comments and critiques highlight the need for more discussion and thinking if we are to place failure in the archaeological interpretive toolbox. That said, the range of definitions, analytical perspectives, and unanswered questions will, we hope, provide a bulwark against turning ‘failure’ into yet another archaeological buzzword.
Rethinking the skills gap
Authors:   University of Warwick, UK, Rathelot Roland , van Rens Thijs ,   University of Warwick, UK, Chan See-Yu ,   University of Warwick, UK
Published: December 2023

Evidence suggests that productivity would be much higher and unemployment much lower if the supply of and demand for skills were better matched. As a result, skills mismatch between workers (supply) and jobs (demand) commands the ongoing attention of policymakers in many countries. Policies intended to address the persistence of skills mismatch focus on the supply side of the issue by emphasizing worker education and training. However, the role of the demand side, that is, employers’ rigid skill requirements, garners comparatively little policy attention.
Solute Concentrations in the Matrix of Zirconium Alloys Studied by Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Eriksson Johan , Mayweg David , Sundell Gustav , Andrén Hans-Olof , Thuvander Mattias
Published: December 2023

This work indicates that the matrix content of the alloying elements iron, chromium, and nickel in as-produced commercial Zircaloy-2-type materials is lower than what has been indicated by many previous studies. Atom probe tomography in voltage pulse mode was used to study the matrix content of solutes in Zircaloy-2 of type LK3/L and a similar model alloy, called Alloy 2, of the same heat treatment. Both alloys were analyzed in the as-produced state and after reactor exposure. In the as-produced materials, the concentrations of iron, chromium, and nickel were all below the detection limits of around 10 wt. ppm. After reactor exposure, these alloying elements were observed to reside in clusters at  loops, and the matrix content (including clusters) of iron had increased to about 1,200 wt. ppm in the fueled region of the rod and to about half that value in the plenum region. The chromium content in the fueled region was approximately 100 wt. ppm, and the nickel content was approximately 200 wt. ppm. In the plenum region, the content of these elements was lower. However, due to an uneven distribution of clusters, there was a wide scatter in the measured concentrations in the irradiated materials. Additionally, the matrix concentrations of solute elements in (nonirradiated) Zircaloy-2 were investigated for a series of samples subjected to α annealing at 770°C followed by cooling at different rates. From these measurements, the solubilities at 770°C were estimated to be around 65 wt. ppm for chromium, at least 37 wt. ppm for iron, and below 9 wt. ppm for nickel. Slow cooling resulted in virtually no iron, chromium, or nickel in the matrix. The concentration of aluminum in the matrix was observed to be between 10 and 20 wt. ppm for all α-annealed samples and for the as-produced materials of commercial heat treatment.
Breakaway Growth Modeling of Zirconium under Irradiation: The Importance of the Formation of -Loop Layers
Authors: Sakaël Clément , Domain Christophe , Ambard Antoine , Race Christopher P. , Thuinet Ludovic , Legris Alexandre
Published: December 2023

We present object kinetic Monte Carlo simulations that have been developed to understand a number of experimentally observed facts related to the growth of high-purity recrystallized zirconium alloys under irradiation. In this modeling, the irradiation growth is the sum of the elemental deformations generated by defects resulting from irradiation. Such deformations were determined using atomic-scale (ab initio and empirical potential) calculations. According to our results, breakaway growth is strongly related to the vacancy diffusion anisotropy: in agreement with ab initio calculations, vacancies diffuse faster in the basal planes than in planes perpendicular to them. Conversely, the diffusion of interstitials is taken as almost isotropic, as shown by recent ab initio calculations. This combination of point-defect diffusion anisotropy leads to the formation of layers of  interstitial prismatic dislocation loops, which are parallel to the basal plane. These layers have been reported experimentally, but the rafts are made of  interstitial and vacancy loops. Their formation is also correlated with the growth of  vacancy loops that are introduced in the model by the collapse of stacking-fault pyramids. This collapse could explain why the diameter of the  loops has never been experimentally observed below a size of the order of 9 nm and before a certain threshold of fluence. Thus, the “breakaway” results from the development of  vacancy loops and the rafting of  prismatic loops. In a previous work these observations were reproduced, but rafts were only compounded of  interstitial loops in the simulation box.
Axial Variations of Oxide Layer Growth and Hydrogen Uptake of BWR Fuel Claddings under Steam Starvation Conditions
Authors: Sakamoto Kan , Adachi Mika , Tokushima Kazuyuki , Aomi Masaki , Shibata Hiroki , Nagae Yuji , Kurata Masaki
Published: December 2023

Steam oxidation tests under steam-starved and non-steam-starved conditions were conducted up to 1,573 K using a prototypic BWR fuel assembly (four fuel pins and fuel channel box) with a length of approximately 750 mm. Significant suppression of oxide layer growth and enhancement of hydrogen uptake were found at the downstream positions under the steam-starved conditions. To understand the results obtained in the tests using the prototypic BWR fuel assembly, three separate-effects tests were conducted to obtain a fundamental understanding of the mechanism of oxygen and hydrogen uptake and its axial variations and evaluation of hydrogen solubility in oxygen-dissolved Zircaloy-2. The fuel channel box was found to contribute to the axial variations of oxide layer growth and hydrogen uptake of the fuel pins by acting as a source of hydrogen and a sink of oxygen. The evaluation of hydrogen uptake and release requires a detailed estimation of steam oxidation with time at each elevation.
The Relation between Cold-Work-Induced Microstructural Evolution and the Postannealing Grain Structures in Zircaloy-4
Authors: Honniball Peter D. , Robertson Stuart , Gardner Sam , Higgins Jessica K.
Published: December 2023

The microstructural development of Zircaloy-4 during recrystallization annealing has been studied in specimens that have undergone relatively small strains (approximately less than 0.15). Although important work has been completed to understand the formation of coarse grains in Zircaloy in recent years, the objective of this work has been to provide a quantification of the as-deformed state to enable the development of a quantitative relation to the recrystallized condition. Electron backscatter diffraction was used to characterize the as-deformed and annealed conditions of uniaxially compressed specimens cut from a Zircaloy-4 plate. The condition of the microstructure is characterized for the region in which the partially recrystallized sporadic coarse grains form. Initiation of recrystallization is observed above thresholds of in-grain misorientation (1.0–1.5° grain orientation spread) and twin fraction (∼2%). This threshold behavior (the twin-fraction threshold in particular) is consistent across specimens deformed along different principal directions (longitudinal and transverse). Above these thresholds, the grain size is observed to rise to a peak and subsequently decrease with further strain. Similar grain size variation is observed as a function of strain between specimens compressed along different plate directions despite distinct differences in the way in which deformation has been accommodated between the two cases (relative activity of slip and twinning). An interrupted annealing study has attempted to directly observe nucleation and growth events to relate these to the observed thresholds. Initial results have shown behavior that is consistent with the strain-induced boundary-migration mechanism proposed by other workers.
Chemical Redistribution of Alloying Elements in Growing Oxides Formed on Irradiated Zr-Nb-Fe Alloys and Its Implication on Corrosion
Authors: Yu Zefeng , Kautz Elizabeth , Kim Taeho , Lambeets Sten , Devaraj Arun , Couet Adrien
Published: December 2023

Zirconium oxide formed in high-temperature water conditions is highly heterogeneous in nature, with, for instance, the presence of a high density of grain boundaries and nanopores, secondary-phase precipitates, and microchemical segregations. Irradiation exacerbates these heterogeneities with effects such as radiation-induced segregation and precipitate dissolution/amorphization. The transport of species through the oxide is affected by these heterogeneities, resulting in complex transport mechanisms that are still not well understood. In this study, we focused on chemical heterogeneities in the oxide, specifically the oxide/metal (O/M) interface and how alloying elements are redistributed across the interface as it progresses into the substrate. For the first time, in situ atom probe tomography (APT) experiments, in which the APT needle is oxidized prior to analysis, have been performed on unirradiated and 1-dpa proton-irradiated Zr-Nb-Fe model alloys to characterize chemical redistribution as a function of oxidation temperature and time across the O/M interface. Results show that the niobium and iron contents in the oxide are higher than what can be accounted for only with solute capture. This finding suggests that there is a thermodynamic driving force for the niobium and iron solutes to migrate from the metal into the oxide in the unirradiated system. Under irradiation, niobium-rich irradiation-induced nanoclusters form in the metal matrix, and the iron and niobium solutes are more thermodynamically stable relative to the unirradiated system. We found much less niobium and iron in the oxide formed in the irradiated sample, corroborating the finding that the substrate is more thermodynamically stable. This finding has strong implications relative to unirradiated versus irradiated Zr-Nb oxidation kinetics because niobium solute doping in the oxide is known to significantly affect the alloy oxidation rate.
Duplex and Optimized ZIRLO™ Fuel Cladding Experience in a European High-Duty Pressurized Water Reactor
Authors: Helmersson Britta , Holmkvist Carolin , Girardin Gaëtan , Wiese Holger , Martin Matthias , Anghel Clara , Limbäck Magnus , Oldberg Karin
Published: December 2023

A full understanding of fuel cladding performance is critical to enabling the safe and flexible operation of fuel rods to high burnups in high-duty nuclear power plants (NPPs). Several European pressurized water reactors (PWRs) are by design challenging to the fuel because they achieve high burnups and operate at significant boiling duties. To verify the performance under these challenging conditions, Westinghouse PWR fuel cladding materials have been evaluated in several test programs, with rod average burnups between 14 and 73 MWd/kgU. The measurements show that the highest burnup fuel rods with Optimized ZIRLO™ cladding have a peak measured liftoff layer (oxide plus crud) thickness of ≤44 µm, whereas the reference cladding type Duplex D4, with an inner Zircaloy-4 component and an outer layer of a dilute zirconium-based alloy, had an even lower maximum liftoff of ≤32 µm. The increased dimensional irradiation stability for the niobium-containing alloy Optimized ZIRLO was clearly seen by an end-of-life maximum rod growth of 12 mm, whereas the Duplex D4 had a maximum rod growth of 22 mm. Good predictions of the oxide thickness were achieved using the STAV7 fuel rod performance code. In addition, this paper includes measured and predicted hydrogen contents for three rods that were discharged from fuel assemblies at the Gösgen NPP after two, four, and five annual operating cycles, reaching rod average burnups of 37, 65, and 73 MWd/kgU, respectively. The extensive follow-up programs performed provide excellent opportunities to follow the performance of individual rods from low to very high burnups. Through comparisons with fuel rod performance calculations, the impact of the challenging conditions has been evaluated.
Social and Occupational Functioning in Individuals With BPD: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dhar Abhijatya , Hay Phillipa , Meade Tanya
Published: December 2023

This systematic review aimed to explore social and occupational functioning levels in individuals with BPD and whether this varies according to symptomatic status, age, or gender. A multi-database search was conducted for articles, and of the 1164 records identified, 19 were included in this review. Of the 15 studies reporting on social functioning, 13 indicated significant levels of impairment, and of the 14 studies reporting on global functioning, all indicated significant impairment across both clinical and in-remission populations. Occupational functioning was primarily assessed as either a part of global functioning or by subscales within social functioning, highlighting a lack of use of dedicated measures for its assessment. This systematic review found that individuals with BPD experience a range of significant impairments in functioning persisting across the lifespan. Further studies are warranted to explore levels of functional impairment across all functional domains and factors associated with continual functional impairment in this population.
Meso-Py: Dual Brain Cortical Calcium Imaging in Mice during Head-Fixed Social Stimulus Presentation
Authors: Michelson Nicholas J. , Bolaños Federico , Bolaños Luis A. , Balbi Matilde , LeDue Jeffrey M. , Murphy Timothy H.
Published: December 2023

We present a cost-effective, compact foot-print, and open-source Raspberry Pi-based widefield imaging system. The compact nature allows the system to be used for close-proximity dual-brain cortical mesoscale functional-imaging to simultaneously observe activity in two head-fixed animals in a staged social touch-like interaction. We provide all schematics, code, and protocols for a rail system where head-fixed mice are brought together to a distance where the macrovibrissae of each mouse make contact. Cortical neuronal functional signals (GCaMP6s; genetically encoded Ca2+sensor) were recorded from both mice simultaneously before, during, and after the social contact period. When the mice were together, we observed bouts of mutual whisking and cross-mouse correlated cortical activity across the cortex. Correlations were not observed in trial-shuffled mouse pairs, suggesting that correlated activity was specific to individual interactions. Whisking-related cortical signals were observed during the period where mice were together (closest contact). The effects of social stimulus presentation extend outside of regions associated with mutual touch and have global synchronizing effects on cortical activity.
The Dark Versus Bright Side of a Smiley: A Preregistered Replication of Experiment 3 in Glikson et al. (2018) “The Dark Side of a Smiley”
Authors: Lai Linda , Mayiwar Lewend
Published: December 2023

The present paper reports an independent and better powered (N = 847 vs. N = 85) replication of Experiment 3 in Glikson et al. (2018). The authors of the original study reported support for their proposition that due to perceptions of (in)appropriateness, the use of smileys may backfire and produce less favorable perceptions of competence in a formal work-related setting, yet more favorable perceptions of warmth in an informal work-related setting. Our results, in contrast, indicated that smileys produce a negative effect on perceptions of competence and a positive effect on perceptions of warmth, regardless of the level of formality. Moreover, our results did not support the reported moderated mediation model involving perceptions of appropriateness. Potential explanations for the discrepancies in results are discussed. We provide data, code, and materials on https://osf.io/n7yc4/.
Parenting Patriots
Authors: Nguyen Mai Anh
Published: December 2023

This paper explores two ways in which family, specifically parents, predisposed Vietnamese children to join the National Liberation Front. Firstly, I found that family often socialized children into a certain political orientation, and children were expected to uphold their parents’ honor as revolutionaries. Filial piety and desire to protect one’s family played an important role in motivating Vietnamese children to take up arms. The findings presented by this article emphasize that family can be a space where politics and affection intertwine, thereby becoming an important motivator in mobilizing potential insurgents.
To Stay or Not to Stay
Authors: Maguire Lori
Published: December 2023

The United States established a consular presence in Hà Nội before World War II. Washington sought to maintain it after the creation of the communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV, or North Vietnam) in 1954, and managed to do so—in spite of opposition from the North Vietnamese—until December 1955. This article presents the little-known history of America’s diplomatic presence in North Vietnam, while also examining CIA efforts outside the consulate in North Vietnam and the role of Western allies. It provides a more nuanced view than previously available of American-DRV relations in their earliest stages.
DEVICES AND SYSTEMS OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Maevsky Dmitry , Vynakov Oleksandr ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Ketrar Oleg ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of various distributed generation systems from the point of view of their inclusion in a single distributed energy system. It is shown that the need to switch to distributed generation is associated with the need to create reliable power supply systems that can maintain their performance in the event of partial or complete destruction of any part of such a system. The devices of solar, wind and hydropower, as well as the possibility of using small modular nuclear reactors as devices for distributed generation are analyzed. It is shown that the most promising for application are environmentally friendly solar cells. Wind generation and small hydropower plants can also be used to create sustainable and reliable power supply systems. Small modular reactors can be used to power large cities and industrial consumers. The analysis of economic and energy parameters of various devices of distributed generation is carried out. It is concluded that the elements of a distributed generation system can be not only individual devices, but also systems of such devices at the level of a territorial region. Keywords: distributed generation; electrical system; solar energy; solar power plants, wind energy; modular nuclear reactors; intelligent networks.
Religion as a factor of systemic social changes: the specifics of current situation
Authors: Parashchevin Maksym
Published: December 2023

The one of results of secularization was diminishing of religion capacity to affect on social processes, in particular on social changes. At the same time there are enough examples from different countries when religion was significant for social changes, their direction and extent. Religious agents have participated in processes of democratization (but have supported conservative and authoritarian turns also), have promoted some changes of values and norms in the middle of broad masses. Such influence was making by religious organizations and communities mainly. They provided moral support of actions, directed to changing of social conditions, supported and promoted progressive and humanistic ideas, directly participated in social and political activity for the some programs, legitimized changes and de- legitimized existing order, was a means for mobilization of masses, acted as a part of civil society. But in modern societies, there are number of limitations for religious possibility to support the social changes or to direct implement them. Namely it is about the depth of personal religiosity of broad mass, the capacity of religion to give new ideas, related to secular norms of life (ideas which are inside of religious teaching, or promoted and supported by religious organizations), the presence of cooperation between religious organizations and secular institutions and communities). In secular societies, the possibilities of influence of religious actors are quite limited both for self-sufficiency (only combination of activity of secular and religious actors can be successful), and for extent (religious agents makes local effects of changes and changes in some social sphere or segments), and have extended in time efficiency. The turn of state to religious organizations for help in realization some plans of social transformations appears to be justified, but for realization of such politics great caution is required and such cooperation is must be a part of long strategy.
Response to Therapeutic Interventions in the NICU: Role of Sex as a Biological Variable
Authors: Albert Rose , Lee Albertina , Lingappan Krithika
Published: December 2023

Sex as a biological variable plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of specific diseases and can have a potential impact on the response to therapies and disease outcomes. Sex-specific differences have been reported in prematurity-related outcomes, suggesting that preterm infants exhibit differences in biological predisposition or resilience to disease. Furthermore, striking differences in response to common neonatal therapies such as antenatal and postnatal steroids, indomethacin, and other nonpharmacologic agents raise the critical need to assess therapeutic responses stratified by biological sex. Very few clinical and translational studies in neonates report outcomes by sex, even though most account for biological sex at enrollment. Sex-specific differences in the newborn may arise from baseline or adaptive differences in male and female preterm neonates. In the current era of precision medicine and the increasing interest in tailoring risk-based therapy to patients, data from neonatal clinical studies should be disaggregated by sex and reported for informing studies with a larger sample size or meta-analyses.