bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering Escherichia coli-Derived Nanoparticles for Vaccine Development
Authors: Tang Shubing , Zhao Chen , Zhu Xianchao
Published: November 2024

The development of effective vaccines necessitates a delicate balance between maximizing immunogenicity and minimizing safety concerns. Subunit vaccines, while generally considered safe, often fail to elicit robust and durable immune responses. Nanotechnology presents a promising approach to address this dilemma, enabling subunit antigens to mimic critical aspects of native pathogens, such as nanoscale dimensions, geometry, and highly repetitive antigen display. Various expression systems, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), yeast, baculovirus/insect cells, and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, have been explored for the production of nanoparticle vaccines. Among these, E. coli stands out due to its cost-effectiveness, scalability, rapid production cycle, and high yields. However, the E. coli manufacturing platform faces challenges related to its unfavorable redox environment for disulfide bond formation, lack of post-translational modifications, and difficulties in achieving proper protein folding. This review focuses on molecular and protein engineering strategies to enhance protein solubility in E. coli and facilitate the in vitro reassembly of virus-like particles (VLPs). We also discuss approaches for antigen display on nanocarrier surfaces and methods to stabilize these carriers. These bioengineering approaches, in combination with advanced nanocarrier design, hold significant potential for developing highly effective and affordable E. coli-derived nanovaccines, paving the way for improved protection against a wide range of infectious diseases.
Functional Diversity of Macroinvertebrate Communities in River Nature Reserves of Spain
Authors: López-Rodríguez Manuel Jesús , Luzón-Ortega Julio Miguel , Díez Castro Jesús , Tierno-Cinque Alejandra , Tierno de Figueroa José Manuel
Published: November 2024

In recent decades, aquatic ecosystems have suffered a series of impacts that have made them some of the most threatened ecosystems on a global scale. So, protection measures are needed to conserve the biodiversity we find in some of the less impacted ecosystems. In the Spanish legislation, a category arose for this purpose in lotic ecosystems, the River Natural Reserve (RNR). In this work, we analyse the taxonomic and functional diversity of 145 macroinvertebrate biocoenoses from 128 different RNRs belonging to 10 different basins and representing 18 typologies. Most of the analysed biocoenoses have an overall high taxonomic diversity, with some exceptions corresponding to particular reaches suffering occasional disturbances or with very special conditions. An intermediate functional homogeneity has been also detected, related to a relatively low average functional richness. We also found medium levels of functional evenness, a high functional divergence, and low functional dispersion and Rao index values, the latter supporting similarities among taxa in functional terms. In our studied systems, there is high taxa turnover, but functional turnover is very low. This means that most of the trait dissimilarity between taxa is found within a community, but not among communities, though there are relatively strong dissimilarities in community composition. Our results support the fact that the RNRs are protecting communities of great diversity, not only taxonomic, but also functional, which contributes to the proper functioning of the ecosystems found in these stream reaches. Thus, the analysis of the functional diversity of the communities, as in the present approach, should be implemented to identify and prioritize protection of reaches with higher functional diversity, where enhanced ecosystem functioning can be expected.
A Hybrid Fuzzy Evaluation Method for Quantitative Risk Classification of Barrier Lakes Based on an AHP Method Extended by D Numbers
Authors: Yang Qigui , Yan Fugen , Cai Yaojun , Luan Yuesheng , Yi Duliangzi , Liu Haitao , Dai Wanli , Zou Zhongtian
Published: November 2024

The risk classification of barrier lakes is the key to conducting emergency treatment in a scientific manner. However, risk classification faces difficulties such as a short time for risk evaluation, complex evaluation indicators, difficulty in obtaining information quickly, and quantifying index weights. Based on this, this paper constructs a quantitative risk classification model for barrier lakes based on D-AHP. On the basis of studies on nearly 100 cases of barrier lakes, an eight-factor evaluation index system and quantitative classification are proposed. The methods of rapid calculation of reservoir capacity curve of barrier lakes and intelligent identification of particles on the surface of barrier bodies were developed, which realized the rapid acquisition of eight-factor evaluation index information in an emergency environment. The D-AHP method dealt with inconsistent weight assignment to evaluation factors by experts, which helped achieve weight quantification of eight factors. The risk assessment on 15 barrier lakes such as Tangjiashan barrier lake shows that the conclusions drawn for the risk classification method proposed in this paper are basically consistent with those of the traditional table-lookup method. However, the table-lookup method ignores cumulative loss impacts on the risk level of barrier lakes and considers the extremely severe loss of barrier lakes as a sufficient condition for the evaluation level to be grade I, and thus a deviation in the evaluation. The risk classification method proposed in this paper is more reasonable and reliable.
The Association of Drought with Different Precipitation Grades in the Inner Mongolia Region of Northern China
Authors: Yao Shuxia , Zhao Chuancheng , Zhou Jiaxin , Li Qingfeng
Published: November 2024

Drought has become an important factor affecting the environment and socio-economic sustainable development in northern China due to climate change. This study utilized the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) as a drought metric to investigate the correlation between drought characteristics and different grades of precipitation and rain days. The analysis was based on a long-term time series of precipitation data obtained from 116 meteorological stations located in Inner Mongolia, spanning 1960 to 2019. To achieve the objectives of the current research, the daily precipitation was categorized into four grades based on the “24-h Precipitation Classification Standard”, and the frequency of rain days for each grade was determined. Subsequently, the SPI was calculated for 1 and 12 months, enabling the identification of drought events. The results revealed pronounced spatiotemporal regional variations and complexities in the dry–wet climatic patterns of Inner Mongolia, with significant decreases in precipitation emerging as the primary driver of drought occurrences. Approximately 6% of the entire study period experienced short-term drought, while long-term drought periods ranged from 23% to 38%. Regarding multi-year trends, precipitation exhibited a weak increasing trend, while rain days exhibited a weak decreasing trend. Drought exhibited an alleviating trend, with 92% of stations displaying coefficients > 0 for SPI_Month and over 62% of stations displaying coefficients > 0 for SPI_Year. At the monthly scale, drought was most correlated with light rainfall trends and least correlated with moderate rainfall trends. At the annual scale, drought was relatively highly correlated with moderate and heavy rainfall distributions but poorly correlated with light rainfall. The results suggested that achieving the precise monitoring and mitigation of drought disasters in Inner Mongolia in the future will require a combined analysis of indicators, including agricultural drought, hydrological drought, and socio-economic drought. Such an approach will enable a comprehensive analysis of drought characteristics under different underlying surface conditions in Inner Mongolia.
Bioplastic’s Valorisation by Anaerobic Co-Digestion with WWTP Mixed Sludge
Authors: Lera María , Ferrer Juan Francisco , Borrás Luis , Serralta Joaquín , Martí Nuria
Published: November 2024

Bioplastics are designed to degrade at the end of their lifecycle, but effective management of their end-of-life phase and integration into existing organic waste management systems remain significant challenges. Some bioplastics decompose under anaerobic conditions, with the anaerobic digestion (AD) process being a potential solution for their disposal. AD is a promising technology for valorising organic wastes, enabling biomethane production, reducing carbon footprints, and promoting product circularity. This study focuses on evaluating the continuous co-digestion of bioplastics with mixed sludge from an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was the selected bioplastic, as various studies have reported its high and rapid degradation under anaerobic mesophilic conditions. PHB’s biodegradability under typical WWTP anaerobic digestion conditions (35 °C, 20-day retention time) was assessed in batch tests and the results indicate that PHB degradation ranged from 68 to 75%, depending on particle size. To further explore the potential of AD for PHB valorisation, the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of PHB with WWTP sludge was tested on a continuous laboratory scale using two digesters: a conventional digester (CSTR) and an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). The results indicated complete degradation of PHB, which led to higher biomethanisation percentages in both digesters, rising from 58% to 70% in the AnMBR and from 44% to 72% in the CSTR. The notable increase observed in the CSTR was attributed to changes in microbial populations that improved sludge biodegradability.
The Bioaccumulation of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Organs of Phragmites australis and Their Application as Indicators of Pollution (Bug River, Poland)
Authors: Skorbiłowicz Elżbieta , Skorbiłowicz Mirosław , Sidoruk Marcin
Published: November 2024

The bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in aquatic plants is critical in assessing the quality of aquatic environments and the risks associated with anthropogenic activities. This research involved using Phragmites australis as a bioindicator in a comprehensive assessment of the spatial variation in pollution within the Bug River catchment, employing advanced statistical methods to identify pollution sources. The study aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation of PTEs in different parts of the P. australis plant and to evaluate their suitability as bioindicators of contamination. Plant samples were collected from 32 locations in the Bug River catchment, and the concentrations of metals such as Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated that PTE accumulation was highest in the roots, underscoring their crucial role in monitoring metal concentrations. Metal concentrations differed based on land use within the catchment area, with the highest levels observed in urbanized regions, highlighting the significant impact of human activities like wastewater discharge and transport emissions. The highest concentrations were observed for Fe, Mn, and Zn, while Cd concentrations were notably elevated in agricultural areas. The analyses confirmed that P. australis serves as an effective bioindicator of heavy metal contamination and can be employed in long-term biomonitoring programs.
Sources and Transformation of Nitrate in Shallow Groundwater in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area: Hydrogeochemistry and Isotopes
Authors: Wei Xing , Zhou Yulin , Ran Libo , Chen Mengen , Zou Jianhua , Fan Zujin , Fu Yanan
Published: November 2024

Nitrate is among the most widely occurring contaminants in groundwater on a global scale, posing a serious threat to drinking water supplies. With the advancement of urbanization and mountainous agriculture, the nitrate in the groundwater of Wanzhou District in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area has formed a complex combination of pollution sources. To more accurately identify the sources of nitrate in groundwater, this study integrates hydrochemical methods and environmental isotope techniques to analyze the sources and transformation processes in shallow groundwater nitrate under different land-use types. Furthermore, the Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSAIR) is employed to calculate the contribution rates in various nitrate sources. The results indicate that nitrate is the primary form of inorganic nitrogen in shallow groundwater within the study area, with nitrate concentrations in cultivated groundwater generally higher than those in construction land and forest land. The transformation process of nitrate is predominantly nitrification, with little to no denitrification observed. In cultivated shallow groundwater, nitrate mainly originates from chemical fertilizers (36.3%), sewage and manure (35.4%), and soil organic nitrogen (24.7%); in forested areas, nitrate primarily comes from atmospheric precipitation (35.3%), chemical fertilizers (31.3%), and soil organic nitrogen (22.1%); while in constructed areas, nitrate mainly derives from chemical fertilizers (46.0%) and sewage and manure (32.2%). These results establish a scientific foundation for formulating groundwater pollution control and management strategies in the region and serve as a reference for identifying nitrate sources in groundwater in regions with comparable hydrogeological features and pollution profiles.
Optimal Design of Water Distribution System Using Improved Life Cycle Energy Analysis: Development of Optimal Improvement Period and Unit Energy Formula
Authors: Ryu Yong min , Lee Eui Hoon
Published: November 2024

Water distribution systems (WDSs) are crucial for providing clean drinking water, requiring an efficient design to minimize costs and energy usage. This study introduces an enhanced life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) model for an optimal WDS design, incorporating novel criteria for pipe maintenance and a new resilience index based on nodal pressure. The improved LCEA model features a revised unit energy formula and sets standards for pipe rehabilitation and replacement based on regional regulations. Applied to South Korea’s Goyang network, the model reduces energy expenditure by approximately 35% compared to the cost-based design. Unlike the cost-based design, the energy-based design achieves results that can relatively reduce energy when designing water distribution networks by considering recovered energy. This allows designers to propose designs that consume relatively less energy. Analysis using the new resilience index shows that the energy-based design outperforms the cost-based design in terms of pressure and service under most pipe failure scenarios. The implementation of the improved LCEA in real-world pipe networks, including Goyang, promises a practical life cycle-based optimal design.
Characterization of Groundwater Geochemistry in an Esker Aquifer in Western Finland Based on Three Years of Monitoring Data
Authors: Luoma Samrit , Okkonen Jarkko , Korkka-Niemi Kirsti , Hendriksson Nina , Paalijärvi Miikka
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the hydrogeochemistry of a shallow Quaternary sedimentary aquifer in an esker deposition in western Finland, where distinct spatial and temporal variability in groundwater hydrogeochemistry has been observed. Field investigation and hydrogeochemical data were obtained from autumn 2010 to autumn 2013. The data were analyzed using the multivariate statistical methods principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), in conjunction with groundwater classification based on the main ionic composition. The stable isotope ratios of δ18O and δD were used to determine the origin of the groundwater and its connection to surface water bodies. The groundwater geochemistry is characterized by distinct redox zones caused by the influence of organic matter, pyrite oxidation, and preferential flow pathways due to different hydrogeological conditions. The groundwater is of the Ca-HCO3 type and locally of the Ca-HCO3-SO4 type, with low TDS, alkalinity, and pH, but elevated Fe and Mn concentrations, KMnO4 consumption, and, occasionally, Ni concentrations. The decomposition of organic matter adds CO2 to the groundwater, and in this study, the dissolution of CO2 was found to increase the pH and enhance the buffering capacity of the groundwater. The mobility of redox-sensitive elements and trace metals is controlled by pH and redox conditions, which are affected by the pumping rate, precipitation, and temperature. With the expected future increases in precipitation and temperature, the buffering capacity of the aquifer system will enhance the balance between alkalinity from bioactivity and acidity from recharge and pyrite oxidation.
Spatial–Temporal Patterns and the Driving Mechanism for the Gross Ecosystem Product of Wetlands in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River
Authors: Zhang Bi , Pang Aiping , Li Chunhui
Published: November 2024

Wetlands are crucial for sustainable development, and the evaluation of their GEP is a key focus for governments and scientists. This study created a dynamic accounting model for wetland GEP and assessed the GEP of 39 wetlands in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in Ningxia province. The results indicate that Ningxia province’s wetlands have an average annual GEP of CNY 5.24 billion. Haba wetland contributes the most at 0.52, while Qingtongxia, Sha, and Tenggeli wetlands follow with 0.12, 0.04, and 0.03, respectively. Climate regulation is the most valuable function at 38.24%, with species conservation and scientific research/tourism at 24.93% and 15.11%, respectively. Ningxia’s northern wetlands are vast and shaped by the Yellow River, while the smaller, seasonal southern wetlands are more affected by rainfall and mountain groundwater. Southern wetlands show a strong correlation between GEP and precipitation (0.82), whereas northern wetlands have a moderate correlation between GEP and evapotranspiration (0.52). The effective conservation and management of these wetlands require consideration of their locations and weather patterns, along with customized strategies. To maintain the stability of wetland habitats and provide a suitable environment for various species, it is essential to preserve wetlands within a certain size range. Our study found a strong correlation of 0.85 between the wetland area and the GEP value, indicating that the size of wetlands is a key factor in conserving their GEP. The results provide accurate insights for creating a wetland ecological benefit compensation mechanism.
Microalgae-Assisted Treatment of Wastewater Originating from Varied Sources, Particularly in the Context of Heavy Metals and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Rehman Rabia , Kazmi Syeda Fazoon , Irshad Muhammad , Bilal Muhammad , Hafeez Farhan , Ahmed Jamil , Shaheedi Shabina , Nazir Rashid
Published: November 2024

The increasing prevalence of heavy metals and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wastewater (WW) raises serious environmental and public health concerns. This study investigates the efficiency of the microalgal strain Chlorella vulgaris EV-465 in treating wastewater and evaluates the antibiotic resistance profile of bacterial strains obtained from WW samples. Chlorella vulgaris EV-465 was used to treat four types of wastewater—domestic, municipal, hospital, and industrial wastewater—through 21 days of incubation. The findings demonstrated pH stabilization and significant decreases in nutrients (total nitrogen—TN, total phosphorus—TP), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), heavy metal (HM) concentrations, and bacterial count. Copper (Cu) showed the highest reduction, decreasing by 80% in industrial wastewater within 14 days, while lead (Pb) proved more resistant to removal, with only a 50% decrease by day 21. Additionally, the algae decreased bacterial counts, lowering colony-forming units (Log CFU/mL) from 9.04 to 4.65 in municipal wastewater over the 21-day period. Antibiotic susceptibility tests for isolated bacterial strains revealed high levels of resistance, with seven out of nine bacterial strains exhibiting multidrug resistance. Notably, Enterococcus faecium (PBI08), Acinetobacter baumannii (YBH19), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NBH16) displayed resistance to all nine antibiotics tested. Among the tested antibiotics, Ciprofloxacin showed the highest efficacy, with 66% susceptibility of tested bacterial strains. Cluster and phylogenetic analyses showed that the majority of the isolated bacterial strains belonged to the genera Pseudomonas and Escherichia, highlighting their genetic diversity and varied resistance mechanisms.
A Comprehensive Review of Advanced Treatment Technologies for the Enhanced Reuse of Produced Water
Authors: Al-Ajmi Fahad , Al-Marri Mohammed , Almomani Fares , AlNouss Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Produced water (PW) is considered to be the largest source of industrial wastewater associated with oil and gas extraction operations for industrial production. It is a mixture of organic and inorganic compounds that has high complexity in terms of various characteristics. Globally, the volume of PW is increasing along with the expansion of gas and oil fields, leading to major impacts on the environment. Existing treatment technologies involve partially treating the PW through removing the suspended solids, heavy metals, without removing organic components and re-injecting the water underground using water disposal injection wells. The treatment process consists of a primary treatment unit to remove the particles, followed a secondary biological or chemical processing treatment, while the final treatment stage involves the use of a tertiary treatment unit to improve the water quality and remove the remainder of the undesired components. Moreover, while PW is considered one of the available options to be utilized as a water source, no alternate advanced treatment options on a commercial scale are available at present due to the limitations of existing PW treatment technologies, associated with their maintainability, sustainability, cost, and level of quality improvement. As such, research focused on finding an optimal treatment approach to improve the overall process continues to be conducted, with the aim of reusing the water instead of injecting it underground. This literature review discusses the latest advanced technologies for PW treatment aimed at reusing the full stream capacity of PW and eliminating the need for wastewater disposal via injection. It is concluded that researchers should focus on hybrid treatment technologies in order to remove the pollutants from PW, effectively allowing for its reuse.
The Impact of Storm Sewer Network Simplification and Rainfall Runoff Methods on Urban Flood Analysis
Authors: Sim Sang-Bo , Kim Hyung-Jun
Published: November 2024

Due to the impact of climate change, the importance of urban flood analysis is increasing. One of the biggest challenges in urban flood simulations is the complexity of storm sewer networks, which significantly affects both computational time and accuracy. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the impact of sewer network simplification on the accuracy and computational performance of urban flood prediction by comparing different rainfall runoff methods. Using the hyper-connected solution for urban flood (HC-SURF) model, two rainfall runoff methods, the SWMM Runoff method and the Surface Runoff method, were compared. The sewer network simplification was applied based on manhole catchment areas ranging from 10 m2 to 10,000 m2. The analysis showed that the computation time could be reduced by up to 54.5% through simplification, though some accuracy loss may occur depending on the chosen runoff method. Overall, both methods produced excellent results in terms of mass balance, but the SWMM Runoff method minimized the reduction in analytical performance due to simplification. This study provides important insights into balancing computational efficiency and model accuracy in urban flood analysis.
The Study of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Efficiency in Urbanized River Systems Using Artificial Wetland Systems with Different Substrates
Authors: Chi Ran , Wei Zhongqing , Gong Longcong , Zhang Guosheng , Wen Duo , Li Weiying
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated the effectiveness of five commercial substrates (zeolite, volcanic rock, gravel, magic rack, and ceramic pellets) in removing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from urban river systems using constructed wetlands. By employing X-ray CT and NGS technologies, we analyzed the physical structure of the substrates and the microbial communities they harbor. The results indicated that volcanic rock and ceramic pellets, due to their high porosity and specific surface area, performed exceptionally well in nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Specifically, the microbial systems with these two substrates achieved ammonia nitrogen removal rates of 89.86% and 88.45%, total nitrogen removal rates of 78.78% and 74.97%, and total phosphorus removal rates of 92.67% and 80.82%, respectively, within a 7-day period. Furthermore, the microbial communities on volcanic rock and ceramic pellets were more diverse, which correlated with their high pollutant removal efficiency. The study further elucidated the synergistic role of substrate characteristics and microbial community structure and function in nitrogen and phosphorus removal, enhancing the understanding of the purification mechanisms in constructed wetlands. These findings provide a scientific basis for the ecological restoration of urban rivers and are significant for improving the quality of urban water environments.
Forecasting Gate-Front Water Levels Using a Coupled GRU–TCN–Transformer Model and Permutation Entropy Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Jiwei , He Taotao , Wang Luyao , Wang Yaowen
Published: November 2024

Water level forecasting has significant impacts on transportation, agriculture, and flood control measures. Accurate water level values can enhance the safety and efficiency of water conservancy hub operation scheduling, reduce flood risks, and are essential for ensuring sustainable regional development. Addressing the nonlinearity and non-stationarity characteristics of gate-front water level sequences, this paper introduces a gate-front water level forecasting method based on a GRU–TCN–Transformer coupled model and permutation entropy (PE) algorithm. Firstly, an analysis method combining Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) is used to separate the original water level data into different frequency modal components. The PE algorithm subsequently divides each modal component into sequences of high and low frequencies. The GRU model is applied to predict the high-frequency sequence part, while the TCN–Transformer combination model is used for the low-frequency sequence part. The forecasting from both models are combined to obtain the final water level forecasting value. Multiple evaluation metrics are used to assess the forecasting performance. The findings indicate that the combined GRU–TCN–Transformer model achieves a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.0154, a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.0205, and a Coefficient of Determination (R2) of 0.8076. These metrics indicate that the model outperforms machine learning Support Vector Machine (SVM) models, GRU models, Transformer models, and TCN–Transformer combination models in forecasting performance. The forecasting results have high credibility. This model provides a new reference for improving the accuracy of gate-front water level forecasting and offers significant insights for water resource management and flood prevention, demonstrating promising application prospects.
Habitat Assessment of Bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae) in Ciénaga de Betancí, Colombia, Using a Habitat Suitability Index Model
Authors: Vellojín-Muñoz Karol , Lorduy-González José , Torres-Bejarano Franklin , Campo-Daza Gabriel , Torregroza-Espinosa Ana Carolina
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the habitat of the Bocachico fish (Prochilodus magdalenae) in the Ciénaga de Betancí, Colombia, using a habitat suitability index (HSI) model. Wetlands like the Ciénaga de Betancí are under significant pressure from anthropogenic activities, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem health. The Bocachico, a species of immense cultural and economic importance, faces habitat degradation and fragmentation. Using hydrodynamic and water quality data, a numerical model (EFDC+ Explorer 11.5), and field data collected from multiple sampling campaigns, we assessed habitat suitability based on five key parameters: water temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, velocity, and depth. The model results indicated that environmental conditions in the wetland remained relatively stable during the dry season, with an average HSI score of 0.67, where 9% of the wetland area displayed acceptable conditions, and the remaining 91% displayed medium conditions. The wet season, on the other hand, had an average HSI score of 0.64, with 7.2% of the area in the acceptable suitability range, and the remaining 92.8% in the medium category. Variations in HSI were primarily driven by ammonia nitrogen levels, water velocity, and depth. Despite limited fluctuations in the HSI, areas of low suitability were identified, particularly in regions impacted by human activities. These findings have practical implications for conservation strategies, providing valuable insights for the sustainable management and conservation of the Ciénaga de Betancí, informing strategies for improving habitat conditions for the Bocachico, and supporting wetland restoration efforts.
Current socio-economic issues of migration regulation: Ukrainian realities and global trends
Authors: Horbatenko Volodymyr , Kukuruz Oksana , Petrenko Ihor , Levcheniuk Yevheniia , Podolian Halyna
Published: November 2024

The article discusses migration processes in the first quarter of the 21st century, which have become a characteristic feature of global development and emerged as a global challenge for the future of humanity. One of the factors influencing these processes has been the Russian-Ukrainian war, initiated by the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2014. Until 2022, this war was perceived by the international community as a localized conflict; however, during this period, it triggered large-scale displacements of people forced to leave their homes due to ethnic cleansing, discrimination, and brutal violations of human rights.

As a result of the large-scale war initiated by Russia against Ukraine, external migration of Ukrainians has reached unprecedented levels, particularly in the countries of the European Union. This situation has come as a surprise both to the state leadership and to many Ukrainians who were unprepared for such a turn of events. Ukraine lacked sufficient experience in managing issues related to mass migration, making it extremely difficult to determine the quantitative and qualitative parameters of migration flows under these extraordinary circumstances. This presents challenges not only for the state but also for international organizations trying to provide assistance and support to Ukrainians who have left their homes.

In such conditions, it is crucial to develop effective strategies to support refugees, integrate them into new societies and cultures, and address the social and economic consequences of this migration.
Трансформация концептуальных основ государственной культурной политики Российской Федерации в первой четверти XXI века
Authors: И.И. Горлова , А.Л. Зорин
Published: November 2024

В настоящее время все большее число гуманитариев приходит к выводу, что Россия стоит перед необходимостью перехода к новой парадигме развития, в которой культуре отводится решающая роль. Именно это определяет необходимость проведения научно обоснованной и последовательной культурной политики, органично увязанной с главными целями и задачами, стоящими перед Российским государством. В последнее десятилетие создается новая, адекватная современным реалиям модель государственной культурной политики, в выявлении концептуальных основ которой состоит цель проводимого исследования. Для определения ее особенностей авторы считают необходимым проанализировать предшествующие модели, относящиеся к периоду позднего социализма и времени либеральных реформ. Устанавливается, что существенным пунктом различия этих двух моделей является роль государства в формировании и проведении культурной политики. Делается вывод, что новая модель вбирает в себя позитивные моменты двух предшествующих моделей посредством трансформаций, понимаемых как снятие в гегелевском смысле, а не полное и радикальное перечеркивание. Этим определяются возможности и границы деятельности государства в сфере культуры.

Currently, an increasing number of humanitarians are coming to the conclusion that Russia is facing the need to move to a new development paradigm in which culture plays a decisive role. This is what determines the need for a scientifically sound and consistent cultural policy, organically linked to the main goals and objectives facing the Russian state. In the last decade, a new model of state cultural policy, adequate to modern realities, has been created, the purpose of the research is to identify the conceptual foundations of which. To determine its features, the authors consider it necessary to analyze the previous models related to the period of late socialism and the time of liberal reforms. It is established that the essential point of difference between these two models is the role of the state in the formation and implementation of cultural policy. It is concluded that the new model incorporates the positive aspects of the two previous models through transformations, understood as a withdrawal in the Hegelian sense, rather than a complete and radical crossing out. This determines the possibilities and boundaries of the state's activities in the field of culture.
Взаимодействие государства и общества в деле сохранения и использования недвижимого материального культурного наследия в России
Authors: А.П. Соловьев
Published: November 2024

В статье рассматривается законодательная база в основе государственной культурной политики в сфере сохранения и использования недвижимого материального культурного наследия в России. Подчеркивается значимость совместных усилий государства и общества в решении проблем, связанных с охраной и освоением культурного наследия, и приводятся примеры успешных практик в этой сфере. Одновременно отмечаются наиболее острые проблемы, связанные с сохранением объектов культурного наследия, которые, по мнению автора, необходимо решать в самое ближайшее время. В этой связи особенно актуальным становится вопрос о мерах поддержки граждан, компаний, общественных объединений, которые готовы вкладывать свой труд, время и средства в восстановление объектов культурного наследия.

The article examines the legislative framework underlying the state cultural policy in the field of preservation and use of intangible material cultural heritage in Russia. The importance of joint efforts of the state and society in solving problems related to the protection and development of cultural heritage is emphasized, and examples of successful practices in this area are given. At the same time, the most pressing problems related to the preservation of cultural heritage sites are noted, which, in the author's opinion, need to be addressed in the very near future. In this regard, the issue of measures to support citizens, companies, public associations who are ready to invest their labor, time and money in the restoration of cultural heritage sites becomes especially relevant.
КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ ТУЛЯРЕМИИ В ВОСТОЧНО-КАЗАХСТАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: И.М. Эфендиев , А.А. Мансурова , Н.Е. Саменова , А.Ғ. Мерғали
Published: November 2024

Туляремия – широко распространенная природно-очаговая инфекция. У детей представляет собой значимую проблему в эндемичных районах, таких как Северная Америка, Европа, Азия и, в частности, Казахстан [18]. В Казахстане дети особенно уязвимы из-за частого контакта с природной средой и животными, что увеличивает риск заражения. Большинство клинических случаев посвящены туляремии у взрослых. Между тем, по данным разных авторов, дети составляют до 20% среди заболевших [7,17,14]. Наибольшую заболеваемость отмечают среди детей в возрасте 5-10 лет жизни. Заболевание может проявляться в различных формах, что затрудняет диагностику и увеличивает риск осложнений. Отсутствие специфических симптомов и схожесть с другими инфекциями часто приводит к задержке в постановке диагноза и началу лечения. Своевременная антибактериальная терапия и профилактические меры являются ключевыми для снижения заболеваемости и улучшения прогноза у детей в Казахстане. Целью этого исследования была оценка клинического случая в городе Усть-Каменогорск.

Tularemia is a widespread natural focal infection. In children, it is a significant problem in endemic areas such as North America, Europe, Asia and, in particular, Kazakhstan [18]. In Kazakhstan, children are particularly vulnerable due to frequent contact with the natural environment and animals, which increases the risk of infection. Most clinical cases are devoted to tularemia in adults. Meanwhile, according to various authors, children account for up to 20% of the cases [7,17,14]. The highest incidence is noted among children aged 5-10 years of life. The disease can manifest itself in various forms, which makes diagnosis difficult and increases the risk of complications. The absence of specific symptoms and similarity to other infections often leads to a delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Timely antibacterial therapy and preventive measures are key to reducing morbidity and improving prognosis in children in Kazakhstan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a clinical case in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk.

Туляремия - кең таралған табиғи ошақты инфекция. Солтүстік Америка, Еуропа, Азия, атап айтқанда Қазақстан сияқты эндемиялық аудандарда маңызды мәселе болып табылады [18]. Қазақстанда балалар табиғи ортамен және жануарлармен жиі байланыста болатындықтан, жұқтыру қаупі жоғары. Клиникалық жағдайлардың көпшілігі ересектердегі туляремияға арналған. Сонымен қатар, әр түрлі авторлардың пікірінше, балалар 20% құрайды [7,17,14]. 5-10 жас арасындағы балаларда бұл ауру жиі кездеседі. Ауру әр түрлі формада көрінуі мүмкін, бұл диагнозды қиындатады және асқыну қаупін арттырады. Нақты белгілердің болмауы және басқа инфекцияларға ұқсастығы диагноздың қойып, емдеудің басталуын кешіктіреді. Уақтылы антибиотикалық терапия және алдын алу шаралары Қазақстандағы балалардың аурушаңдығын төмендету үшін маңызды болып табылады. Бұл зерттеудің мақсаты Өскемен қаласындағы клиникалық жағдайды бағалау болып табылады.
Анализ технико-экономических показателей профессиональных квадрокоптеров
Authors: М.Г. Дубинина
Published: November 2024

В статье проведен анализ основных направлений технического развития двух групп профессиональных квадрокоптеров, для каждой группы разработан комплексный показатель технического уровня, построены модели цены и удельной цены квадрокоптеров относительно этого показателя. Для малоразмерных профессиональных квадрокоптеров оценены зависимости абсолютных и относительных технических показателей от времени и по поколениям.

The article analyzes the main directions of technical development of two groups of professional quadcopters, a complex technical level indicator has been developed for each group, and models of price and specific price of quadcopters are built relative to this indicator. For small professional quadrocopters, the dependencies of absolute and relative technical indicators on time and on generations are estimated.
Общеобразовательные учреждения на пути цифровизации: с какой скоростью идти?
Authors: И.А. Бобкова
Published: November 2024

Московская электронная школа (МЭШ) проект Министерства образования и науки РФ по внедрению высоких технологий в школьное обучение, первый шаг в направлении цифровой модернизации общего образования. В работе проанализированы проблемы, возникающие на начальном этапе вовлечения российской школы в цифровое пространство, оправданность активного принудительного внедрения гаджетов в школах. В статье приводятся результаты социологического исследования отношения участников процесса цифровизации к этому явлению в экономике России.

The Moscow Electronic School (MES), a project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on the introduction of high technologies in school education, is the first step in the direction of digital modernization of general education. The paper analyzes the problems that arise at the initial stage of the involvement of the Russian school in the digital space, the justification for the active compulsory introduction of gadgets in schools. The article presents the results of a sociological study of the attitude of the participants in the digitalization process to this phenomenon in the Russian economy.
Современные тенденции развития мирового телекоммуникационного рынка
Authors: М.Г. Дубинина
Published: November 2024

В статье проведен анализ основных направлений развития мирового телекоммуникационного рынка на примере ведущих мировых и российских компаний, выделены основные технологии, трансформи-рующие телекоммуникационный сектор, проведено моделирование факторов, влияющих на эффек-тивность компаний, рассмотрено влияние пандемии коронавируса на основные экономические пока-затели компаний в первом квартале 2020 г.

The article analyzed the main trends of the global telecommunications market on example of leading world and Russian companies, identified the main technologies transforming the telecommunications sector, conducted modeling of factors affecting the effectiveness of companies, considered the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the main economic indicators of companies in the first quarter of 2020.
Анализ причин очередного финансово-экономического кризиса
Authors: Л.Е. Варшавский
Published: November 2024

В статье проводится анализ причин очередного финансово-экономического кризиса. Рассматриваются итоги макроэкономического развития США за последнее десятилетие. Исследуются некоторые тенденции в американской экономике, возникшие в результате кризиса и пандемии. Проведенный в статье анализ показывает, что для преодоления кризиса необходима разработка и реализация новой модели экономики.

Analysis of causes of the Covid19 economic crisis is carried out. Results of the USmacroeconomic development are considered. Some trends which appeared in American economy as a result of the Covid19 crisis are studying. Carried out in the article analysis shows that new model of economy must be developed and realized in order to overcome the current crisis.
Цифровизация высшей школы на новом витке эволюции
Authors: И.А. Бобкова
Published: November 2024

В работе проанализированы процессы, происходящие в высшей школе в связи с реализацией Программы «Цифровая экономика Российской Федерации», результаты исполнения контрольных цифр, вовлечение учреждений высшего образования в современную цифровую среду и некоторые итоги влияния COVID-19 на ускорение трансформации университетов.

The research paper analyzes the processes occurring in higher education in connection with the implementation of the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation Program, the execution of benchmarks, the involvement of higher education institutions in the modern digital environment and some results of the impact of COVID-19 on accelerating the transformation of universities.
Анализ данных по развитию высокотехнологичных отраслей производства
Authors: Т.А. Комкина
Published: November 2024

В работе на основе мировых статистических данных проведен анализ тенденций развития высокотехнологичных отраслей производства, рассмотрены особенности мирового экспорта средне- и высокотехнологичной продукции. Актуальность данной темы исследования обусловлена тем, что одним из приоритетных направлений экономического развития является создание условий для достижения Российской Федерацией лидирующих позиций в мировой экономике, прежде всего в высокотехнологичных, наукоемких сегментах мирового рынка [[1]].

The article analyzes the development trends of high-tech industries on the basis of world statistical data, examines the features of world exports of medium- and high-tech goods. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that one of the priority areas of economic development is the creation of conditions for the Russian Federation to achieve a leading position in the world economy, primarily in high-tech, science-intensive segments of the economy. world market. Keywords: reindustrialization, export, medium- and high-tech industry, manufacturing.
Обострение проблем российского образования в период пандемии
Authors: И.А. Бобкова
Published: November 2024

В работе рассмотрены некоторые аспекты приемной компании в вузы Российской Федерации, прошедшей в условиях пандемии 2020 года, с точки зрения готовности системы российского образования к работе в чрезвычайных ситуациях, влияния ускоренной цифровизации и информатизации на этот процесс. Ключевые слова: цифровизация, электронная образовательная среда, образовательные учреждения, трансформация университетов, COVID-19.

The paper considers some aspects of the admission company to the universities of the Russian Federation, which took place in the context of the 2020 pandemic, from the point of view of the readiness of the Russian education system to work in emergency situations, the impact of accelerated digitalization and informatization on this process. Keywords: digitalization, electronic educational environment, e-learning, educational institutions, transformation of universities, COVID-19.
Анализ технико-экономических показателей промышленных роботов большой грузоподъемности
Authors: В.В. Дубинина
Published: November 2024

В статье проанализированы промышленные роботы компаний ABB и Fanuc большой грузоподъемности. Выделены поколения роботов по типу их контроллера и рассмотрены удельные технико-экономические показатели с целью определения общих тенденций развития роботов этих компаний и поколений. Рассмотрены области применения роботов по отраслям промышленности в России и мире.

The article analyzes industrial robots of ABB and Fanuc large load capacity. Generations of robots are identified according to their controller and specific technical and economic indicators are considered in order to determine the general trends in the development of robots of these companies and generations. The areas of application of robots by industry in Russia and in the world are considered.
Проблемные инновации: основные факторы и проблемы перехода к новому поколению сетей связи 5G
Authors: А.Е. Варшавский
Published: November 2024

В работе рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с развитием поколений сетей связи, анализируются экономические факторы и стимулы перехода на 5G и выдвигается гипотеза о возможном выходе развития сетей связи на этап насыщения. Приводятся оценки перспектив и возможных направлений развития сетей 5G, сделанные зарубежными экспертами. Анализируются проблемы развития этих сетей в нашей стране, в том числе связанные с необходимостью осуществления реиндустриализации, импортозамещения и локализации производства, нацеленностью бизнеса на быстрое получение прибыли. Большое внимание уделяется необходимости учета возможных рисков для здоровья населения, что подтверждается также с помощью исторических аналогий.

The paper considers issues related to the development of generations of communication networks, analyzes economic factors and incentives for the transition to 5G and proposes a hypothesis about the possible exit of the development of communication networks to the saturation stage. The estimates of prospects and possible directions of development of 5G networks made by foreign experts are given. The problems of the development of 5G in our country are analyzed, including those related to the need for reindustrialization, import substitution and localization of production, the focus of business on making a quick profit. Much attention is paid to possible risks to public health, which is also confirmed by historical analogies.