bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of constituents of Iris rhizomes. Part I: High performance liquid chromatographic‐particle beam‐mass spectral analysis of iridals from Iris pallida rhizomes
Authors: Bicchi Carlo , Rubiolo Patrizia
Published: March 2007

Iridals are a class of triterpenoids characteristic of the Iris genera: they have been demonstrated to be the precursors of irones, a group of terpenoids very well known for their smell of violets. This paper reports the results of the analysis of Iris pallida extracts carried out by high performance liquid chromatography coupled through a particle beam interface to a mass spectrometer in different ionization modes. Fourteen iridals and fatty acid iridal esters were characterized in the Iris pallida rhizome extracts under investigation. The direct identification of iridal myristates is reported here for the first time.
Isolation, characterization and analysis of polyhydroxy alkaloids
Authors: Molyneux Russell J.
Published: March 2007

The recent recognition of polyhydroxy alkaloid glycosidase inhibitors as a unique class of alkaloids has generated considerable interest in the isolation of additional members, in addition to the analysis and detection of those currently known. The different properties of this group from those of conventional alkaloid classes requires novel approaches to such problems. The methods most suitable for extraction, isolation, structural elucidation, detection and analysis are critically reviewed. Application of such methods should lead to further expansion of this class of compound, providing significant information regarding structure‐activity relationships.
Quantitative cytochemical localization of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity in plant tissues
Authors: Baudracco S. , Grima‐Pettanati J. , Boudet A. M. , Gahan P. B.
Published: March 2007

Although cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase is an important enzyme in the biosynthesis of lignins, its localization at the tissue and cellular levels is not well known. A quantitative cytochemical method has been devised to determine the localization and level of activity of this enzyme in plant tissues. Unexpectedly, the enzyme activity was present not only in the developing xylem elements and phloem fibres, but also in the epidermal and subepidermal layers of both roots and shoots. This pattern of localization implies that several distinct sites of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase exist and that the role of this enzyme could be different according to the cell types in which it is located.
Improved analysis of emetic alkaloids in tissue cultures and regenerates of Cephaelis ipecacuanha by ion pair high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Yoshimatsu Kayo , Shimomura Koichiro
Published: March 2007

An ion pair high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system for emetic alkaloids was improved using sodium 1‐heptanesulphonate as a counter ion. This HPLC system enabled the simultaneous determination of emetine, cephaeline and protoetnetine in the leaf extract of a regenerated plant of Cephaelis ipecacuanha.
High resolution gas chromatography—Mass spectral analysis of carbohydrates using methoxyoxime acetates
Authors: Herderich Markus , Schreier Peter
Published: March 2007

Methoxyoxime acetates of carbohydrates and partially methylated derivatives were easily separated by high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) and showed characteristic mass spectra (MS). Thus, the conversion of carbohydrates to the corresponding methoxyoxime acetates offers an attractive derivatization for subsequent HRGC and HRGC/MS analysis of carbohydrates, particularly in glycoconjugates of plant origin.
Quantitation of bilobalide and ginkgolides A, B, C and J by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: van Beek Teris A. , van Veldhuizen Albertus , Lelyveld Gerrit P. , Piron Isabelle , Lankhorst Peter P.
Published: March 2007

A quantitative 1H NMR procedure for the determination of bilobalide and ginkgolides A, B, C and J in Ginkgo biloba leaves and in phytopharmaceuticals without prior chromatographic separation of the mixture has been developed. The method is based on the comparison of the integral of each H‐12 proton of the five ginkgo terpene trilactones with that of the olefinic protons of the internal standard (maleic acid). These protons are all well separated at 200 MHz and occur in a less crowded region of the NMR spectrum (6.15‐6.50 ppm). The selectivity, reproducibility and sensitivity are comparable with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with refractive index (RI) detection. The minimum amount that can be quantified within 30 min at 200 MHz is approximately 0.1 mg for all four ginkgolides and bilobalide. Advantages, in comparison with HPLC‐RI, are that no reference substances are needed and that for the occasional analysis of a limited number of samples a very significant time‐gain can be achieved.
Alfalfa saponins and sapogenins: Isolation and quantification in two different cultivars
Authors: Tava A. , Oleszek W. , Jurzysta M. , Berardo N. , Odoardi M.
Published: March 2007

The chemical characterization of the saponins and sapogenins isolated from roots and aerial parts of two alfalfa cultivars with differing saponin content is reported. A procedure for the extraction and quantification of saponins is described, and the identification of the major components of the saponin mixture has been performed using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Characterization, using gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectral analysis, of sapogenins released following acid hydrolysis allowed the identification of medicagenic acid, hederagenin, soyasapogenols B, C, D, E and F as the major compounds, together with oleanolic acid. Quantitative analysis of the sapogenins in aerial parts and roots of the two cultivars is reported and discussed.
Behaviour of polymethoxylated and polyhydroxylated flavones by carbon dioxide supercritical fluid chromatography with flame ionization and fourier transform infrared detectors
Authors: Hadj‐Mahammed M. , Badjah‐Hadj‐Ahmed Y. , Meklati B. Y.
Published: March 2007

Some hydroxy‐ and methoxy‐substituted flavones have been studied following carbon dioxide supercritical fluid chromatography on polymethylsiloxane capillary columns using flame ionization and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic detection. The separation was performed without the use of a phase modifier.
Improved extraction and reversed phase‐high performance liquid chromatographic separation of flavonoids and the identification of Rosa cultivars
Authors: Van Sumere Christiaan , Faché Pierre , Casteele Karel Vande , De Cooman Luc , Everaert Evert , De Loose Roger , Hutsebaut Walter
Published: March 2007

Optimal extraction methods and Reversed‐Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP‐HPLC) procedures were developed for the isolation and resolution of naturally occurring flavonoids and related phenolic compounds in Rosa petals. The following flavonoids and related phenolics were identified or partly identified: cyanidin 3, 5‐di‐O‐glucoside; cyanidin 3, 5‐di‐O‐glycoside (sugar moieties, glucose and arabinose); pelargonidin 3, 5‐di‐O‐glycoside; pelargonidin 3‐O‐glycoside; quercetin 3‐O‐glucoside; ellagic acid; quercetin 3‐O‐arabinoside; quercetin 4′‐O‐glucoside; kaempferol 4′‐O‐glucoside; kaempferol 3‐O‐rutinoside; kaempferol 3‐O‐glycoside; kaempferol 3‐O‐arabinoside; kaempferol 3‐O‐rhamnoside and kaempferol 3‐O‐glycoside. Significant qualitative and quantitative differences between the above flavonoid markers allowed an objective distinction between 44 cultivars examined. The production of ‘Flower Flavonoid RP‐HPLC Fingerprints’, which have been converted in the corresponding ‘Computer Flower Flavonoid Identity Cards’ via a suitable computer program, has proven to be of great value for Rosa cultivar recognition.
Anomalous behaviour of acidic grapevine peroxidase isoenzymes during preparative isoelectric focusing
Authors: Moralés M. , Pedreño M. A. , Muñoz R. , Barceló A. Ros , Calderón A. A.
Published: March 2007

Preparative isoelectric focusing of grapevine peroxidases on glycerol‐stabilized pH gradients in the RotoforTMcell has been used to purify peroxidase isoenzymes from the spent medium of suspension cultured cells derived from mesocarp tissues of grape (Vitis viniferacv. Monastrell) berries. The results showed that, under steady‐state conditions, basic peroxidase isoenzymes focus well while acidic peroxidase isoenzymes show anomalous behaviour during isoelectric focusing, leading to diffuse and/or multiband isoelectric focusing patterns. These results suggest that, although preparative isoelectric focusing in glycerol‐stabilized pH gradients using the Rotofor cell may be a powerful tool for isoenzyme purification, the advantages of this technique may be severely hampered by the anomalous behaviour shown by acidic peroxidase isoenzymes during focusing.
Analysis of poppy straw and poppy straw concentrate by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Gómez‐Serranillos P. , Carretero E. , Villar A.
Published: March 2007

A method of reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography using an elution gradient has been developed to analyse morphine, codeine, thebaine, and oripavine — this last‐mentioned substance for the first time — in samples of poppy straw and poppy straw concentrate. Gradient elution of the octadecylsilane column was performed: the gradient was from 10 to 30% of solvent A (methanol) in solvent B (containing 67% of 0.5% aqueous ammonium acetate solution containing diethylamine, and 33% of methanol) over a 25 min period. The four alkaloids were identified and quantified with the aid of an internal standard.
Isolation and quantitation of manogenin and kammogenin from callus cultures of Agave amaniensis
Authors: Indrayanto Gunawan , Studiawan Herra , Cholies Noor
Published: March 2007

Manogenin and its Δ5(6) derivative kammogenin were isolated from the acid hydrolysate extract of Agave amaniensis callus cultures. A method for the quantitative determination of manogenin and kammogenin by thin layer chromatography was developed.
Phenylpropanoid metabolism in Vanilla planifolia Andr. (V) high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of phenolic glycosides and aglycones in developing fruits
Authors: Brodelius Peter E.
Published: March 2007

Reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used to study the formation of phenolic flavour compounds in developing fruits of Vanilla planifolia. Flowers of V. planifolia were hand pollinated and fruits were collected at 12 different times (4 to 28 weeks) after pollination at a vanilla plantation in Papantla, Veracruz, Mexico. HPLC‐chromatograms of bean extracts were recorded at two wavelengths (254 and 275 nm) and the ratio between the absorbances of these chromatograms was used in combination with retention times to identify phenolics in the relatively complex extracts. Formation of vanillin, the major flavour compound, started around 16 weeks after pollination and reached maximum values around 26 weeks after pollination. Other phenolic vanilla flavour components detected were 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillyl alcohol and vanillic acid. All these phenolics are stored in bean tissue mainly as glycosides.
Quantitative thin layer chromatography of iridoid and flavonoid glucosides in species of Linaria
Authors: Nikolova‐Damyanova Boryana , Ilieva Emilia , Handjieva Nedjalka , Bankova Yassya
Published: March 2007

A method for the quantitative determination of iridoid and flavonoid glucosides in Linaria species has been developed. Four iridoid glucosides‐antirrinoside, linarioside, 5‐O‐glucosylantirrinoside and 5‐O‐allosylantirrinoside ‐ as well as the flavonoid acetylpectolinarin, could be determined in four species of Linaria on a single thin layer chromatographic plate in the presence of two external standards.
The trachylobane diterpenes
Authors: Fraga Braulio M.
Published: March 2007

The natural occurrence, biosynthesis, chemistry and synthesis, spectroscopic properties and bioactivity of the trachylobane diterpenes have been reviewed.
Determination of the natural deuterium distribution in glucose from plants having different photosynthetic pathways
Authors: Zhang Ben‐Li , Quemerais Bernadette , Martin Maryvonne L. , Martin Gérard J. , Williams J. Michael
Published: March 2007

The site‐specific natural isotope fractionation of hydrogen in glucose was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SNIF‐NMR). Several glucose samples obtained from plants undergoing either C3 (potato, barley, sunflower, wheat) or C4 (maize, sorghum) photosynthetic metabolism were investigated. Since the glucose molecule is not suitable for direct SNIF‐NMR analysis, several kinds of derivatives were synthesized. Three clusters of isotopomers were identified in glucose penta‐acetate which is easily prepared. Up to 5–6 sites could be distinguished in 6 other derivatives. An integrated statistical analysis of the whole sets of cluster lines was performed in order to determine the individual isotope contents in the carbon‐bound hydrogen positions of the glucose skeleton. Both the mole fractions of the monodeuterated isotopomers and the deuterium/hydrogen ratios of the individual sites thus become accessible. Using this approach, it is shown that similar trends in the isotopic distribution are exhibited within a given photosynthetic C3 or C4 family. Larger deviations with respect to a statistical distribution of deuterium are observed in glucose from C3 plants as compared to C4 plants. The methylenic sites 6,6′ in particular are significantly depleted in C3 glucose as compared to C4 glucose.
Separation of flavonols by capillary electrophoresis: The effect of structure on electrophoretic mobility
Authors: McGhie Tony K. , Markham Kenneth R.
Published: March 2007

The electrophoretic mobilities of 33 flavonol aglycones and glycosides have been measured to determine the structural factors which influence capillary electrophoretic separation. Factors primarily responsible for differences in electrophoretic mobility (EM) in flavonols are: the molecular size; the number and position of the free OH groups on the flavonol skeleton; the number, type and position of attached sugar groups; and the presence of ionizable moieties such as sulphate and phenolic acyl groups. Some structural features of flavonols have a dual effect on electrophoretic mobility. Higher levels of glycosylation, for example, result in increased molecular size and in a lesser number of ionizable phenolic hydroxyl groups, both of which decrease EM. The data presented provide a basis for predicting relative EMs of flavonols and their glycosides.
Extraction of coumarins from plant material (Leguminosae)
Authors: Bourgaud F. , Poutaraud A. , Guckert A.
Published: March 2007

Seven different methods for the extraction of coumarin and corresponding glycosides from Melilotus officinalis L. and furanocoumarins (psoralen and angelicin) from Psoralea cinerea Lindl. were compared. In the case of coumarins, extraction with polar solvents (water, ethanol, methanol) was shown to be the most efficient: water extraction gave the highest total coumarin concentration, especially for the major component β‐D‐glucosyl cis‐O‐hydroxycinnamic acid. Free coumarin could also be recovered in large quantity when the extraction was performed with water at room temperature instead of at 100°C. Ethyl acetate, diethyl ether and chloroform extracted the free coumarin poorly and the glycosides hardly at all. In the case of furanocoumarins, the best results were obtained with boiling methanol using either Soxhlet extraction or refluxed solvent. Other extraction methods involving water, methanol at room temperature, ethyl acetate or chloroform gave essentially similar results. Diethyl ether was the least satisfactory in terms of furanocoumarin concentration, whilst water extraction of furanocoumarins is of particular interest because the extracted quantities can be easily correlated with the methanol method.
Determination of morphological group from infrared spectra of crude extracts of medicinal plants by SIMCA pattern recognition
Authors: Zhang Liang , Ying Han , Zhang Zheng‐Xing , Sheng Long‐Sheng , An Deng‐Kui
Published: March 2007

This paper reports a new method of classification and identification of medicinal plants by pattern recognition within the infrared spectra of crude extracts. The spectra of solvent extracts of 29 samples of Tripterygium wilfordii and T. hypoglaucum were examined for information concerning chemical classes. The Shannon information content for each wavelength channel was calculated for the absorption spectra, and the 9 wavelength channels with the highest information content were retained as a compressed basis set for SIMCA pattern recognition. The inherent class structure of the data showed two major groups, T. wilfordii root and T. wilfordii bark. Classification accuracy was 95.0% for the classes.
Structure determination of acylated anthocyanins in Muscat Bailey a grapes by homonuclear Hartmann‐Hahn (HOHAHA) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Tamura Hirotoshi , Hayashi Yoshiki , Sugisawa Hiroshi , Kondo Tadao
Published: March 2007

The stereochemical structure of acylated anthocyanins in the Japanese grape, Muscat Bailey A, was determined by homonuclear Hartmann‐Hahn (HOHAHA) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The structures found were peonidin 3‐O‐(6‐O‐(trans‐p‐coumaroyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside), delphinidin 3‐O‐(6‐O‐(trans‐p‐coumaroyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside), malvidin 3‐O‐(6‐O‐(trans‐p‐coumaroyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside), and malvidin 3‐O‐(6‐O‐(trans‐p‐coumaroyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside)‐5‐O‐D‐glucopyranoside.
Analysis of the fungicidal constituents from the bark of Ocotea usambarensis Engl. (Lauraceae)
Authors: Terreaux Christian , Maillard Marc , Hostettmann Kurt , Lodi Gaetano , Hakizamungu Etienne
Published: March 2007

The dichloromethane extract of the bark of Ocotea usambarensis Engl. (Lauraceae) showed antifungal activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum. This activity was shown to be linked with its essential oil content together with the presence of the lignan (+)‐piperitol. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometric (GC‐MS) analysis of the oil allowed the identification of about seventy compounds. In order to determine the fungicidal active components of the oil, further separation was required. Instrumental preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) was chosen because it was a very suitable method to be followed by direct bioautography.

Analysis of the fractions by GC‐MS combined with instrumental bidimensional TLC and direct bioautography allowed the separation and identification of the four main active compounds. Nerolidol, α‐terpineol, α‐copaen‐ 11‐ol and a further unidentified sesquiterpene alcohol were shown to be fungicidal. Identification was made by comparison of the mass spectra with a computerised data‐bank and the literature, together with the comparison of retention indices on two GC columns with literature values and with some commercially available samples.
Phytic acid content of three legumes in the raw, cooked and fibre forms
Authors: Elhardallou Sirelkhatim B. , Walker Ann F.
Published: March 2007

Phytate was extracted on an anion‐exchange column and determined colorimetrically. More phytate could be extracted from beans using trichloroacetic acid and warming at 60°C than by using hydrochloric acid extraction. The phytic acid contents of three starchy legumes, namely butter beans, broad beans and lentils, in the raw forms were found to be in the range 0.86–1.5%. On cooling, phytic acid was reduced markedly in lentils and butter beans (by 60 and 50%, respectively), while for broad beans only 11% was lost. The fibre‐rich fractions of the three legumes showed low phytic acid contents (0.11–0.43%).
A comparative study of the O‐phthalaldehyde method for the neurotoxin 3‐N‐oxalyl‐l‐2,3‐diaminopropanoic acid as modified by various laboratories
Authors: Hussain M. , Chowdhurry B. , Haque R. , Wouters G. , Campbell C. G.
Published: March 2007

The optimization of the quantitative photometric estimation of the neurotoxin 3‐N‐oxalyl‐L‐2,3‐diaminopropanoic acid (ODAP) after hydrolysis and reaction with o‐phthalaldehyde (OPT) reagent is described.

Six modifications of the OPT procedure (as practiced in different laboratories) and the original Rao method were compared in estimating the ODAP content of two cultivars of Lathyrus sativus. Considerable variation in the ODAP content of the same sample was observed even when determined by the same procedure in some cases. The desired reproducibility was observed with the procedure of the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Mordsen, Manitoba, Canada (Campbell method). The use of 0.5 M tetraborate as buffer further significantly improves the reproducibility. The Campbell modification includes a number of controls which reduce variation. The present study recommends the Campbell modification of the OPT method but with tetraborate buffer as standard procedure for the screening of the toxicity of L. sativus cultivars.
Capillary electrophoretic analyses of alkaloids in commercial samples of Coptidis Rhizoma
Authors: Liu Ying‐Mei , Sheu Shuenn‐Jyi , Chiou Shiow‐Hua , Chang Hsien‐Chang , Chen Yuh‐Pan
Published: March 2007

A total of 32 samples of commercial Coptidis Rhizoma derived from Coptis chinensis Franch, C. deltoidea C.Y. Cheng et Hsiao, C. japonica (Thunb.) Makino and C. japonica Makino var. dissecta Nakai were collected from herb markets in Taiwan and Japan. The contents of the eight quaternary alkaloids, namely coptisine, berberine, epiberberine, palmatine, columbamine, berberastine, jatrorrhizine and magnoflorine, in these samples were determined by capillary electrophoresis. It was found that the total alkaloid contents in C. chinensis (11.95 ± 1.79%) and C. deltoidea (12.93 ± 1.26%) were far higher than in C. japonica (8.17 ± 0.41%) and C. japonica var. dissecta (7.90 ± 1.36%). The quaternary alkaloids that had the highest contents in C. chinensis and C. deltoidea were berberine, coptisine, palmatine and epiberberine, whilst in C. japonica and C. japonica var. dissecta they were berberine, coptisine, jatrorrhizine and magnoflorine. Among these samples, those of C. japonica did not contain epiberberine and berberastine whilst those of C. japonica var. dissecta did not contain berberastine. The patterns of their capillary electrophoretograms were found to be very helpful in identifying the origins of the herbs.
Quantitative analysis of alizarin in tissue cultures ofRubiaspecies by high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Lodhi A. H. , Sant'Ana A. E. G. , Charlwood B. V.
Published: March 2007

A rapid, high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of alizarin in field grown roots and tissue cultures ofRubia tinctorumandR. peregrina.Alizarin was quantified by HPLC in the presence of trichlorophenol as internal standard using an RP C‐18 Nova‐pak® column eluted isocratically with methanol: 10% aqueous acetic acid (60:40). The minimum detection limit of alizarin was found to be 10.5 ng. The field grown roots and callus ofR. tinctorumcontained, respectively, 939.6 (±17.4) and 335.2 (±4.9) μg/g dry weight total alizarin, whilst similar tissues ofR. peregrinacontained 147.9 (±10.0) and 216.8 (μ0.4) μg/g dry weight total alizarin.
Simultaneous determination of 18 polyketides typical of Aloe by high performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection
Authors: Rauwald Hans W. , Sigler Anette
Published: March 2007

A high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous separation, identification and quantification of secondary products characteristic of Aloe species (Asphodelaceae). The standard compounds comprised eleven anthrone‐C‐glycosyls in diastereomerically pure state, two anthrone aglycones, three anthraquinone aglycones, a tetrahydroanthracene aglycone and a 2‐alkylchromone‐C‐glucosyl. The chromatographic system consisted of a reversed phase silica column (C18, 5 μm) and a combination of linear gradient and isocratic elution with acetonitrile, water and phosphoric acid. Photodiode array detection enabled a specific determination of the compounds even from crude methanolic extracts of plant material from Aloe. The technique described could replace the conventional qualitative thin layer chromatographic systems as a routine method in applied research on Aloe (i.e. for plant physiology, chemotaxonomy, pharmacognosy and pharmaco‐kinetics).
Micellar electrokinetic chromatographic/ultraviolet diode array analysis of Eleutherococcus senticosus
Authors: Pietta P. G. , Mauri P. L. , Gardana C. , Zini L.
Published: March 2007

The main components of the roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus have been separated by capillary electrophoresis in the micellar mode. The best separation was achieved using a fused silica capillary tube and a 25 mM sodium borate buffer (pH 8.25) containing sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS; 50 mM) at a constant voltage of 280 V/cm. The quantitative determination of eleutheroside B and E in E. senticosus extracts and formulations demonstrates the applicability of this method.
13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of two prenyl flavonols from platanus acerifolia buds
Authors: Barron Denis , Aidi Chafei El , Mariotte Anne‐Marie
Published: March 2007

The carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data of the acetyl derivatives of 8‐(1,1‐dimethyl‐2‐propen‐1‐y1) galangin and 8‐(1,1‐dimethyl‐2‐propen‐1‐yl) kaempferide, isolated from Platanus acerifolia buds, have been reassigned unambiguously by HETCOR and COLOC experiments on synthetic compounds. The carbon NMR data for the naturally occurring 8‐(1,1‐dimethyl‐2‐propen‐1‐yl) kaempferide is reported for the first time.
Identification and quantification of calystegines, polyhydroxyl nortropane alkaloids
Authors: Dräger Birgit
Published: March 2007

Calystegines are a new group of polyhydroxy nortropane alkaloids that have recently been isolated from Calystegia sepium. Thin layer chromatography systems have been developed for preliminary screening for these compounds, whilst quantitative analysis has been achieved, following silylation, by gas chromatography (GC) with an internal standard. The reproducibility and accuracy of the quantification method have been examined. The identity of the calystegines was assessed by co‐chromatography with reference samples, by chemical ionization mass spectroscopy (CI‐MS) of isolated calystegines, and by GC‐MS. Cultured roots of Atropa belladonna were examined for calystegines.
Tocopherol stability in bell pepper microsomal membranes during short‐term storage
Authors: Erickson M. C. , Wang G. D. , Cowart D. M. , Shewfelt R. L.
Published: March 2007

Saponification and detergent (sodium dodecyl sulphate) solubilization both assisted in the efficient extraction of α‐tocopherol from bell pepper microsomal membranes by solvent. In contrast, solvent extraction by itself exhibited poor extraction capability. In the presence of dithiothreitol, no losses of α‐tocopherol from microsomal membranes were found within 6 h after suspension of membranes; however, in the absence of dithiothreitol, 82% of the initial α‐tocopherol could not be detected within this same time period. α‐Tocopherol losses were not alleviated by nitrogen flushing of the atmosphere of the membrane, although, lower rates of degradation were observed when suspension of microsomal membrane pellets was delayed. Inclusion of water‐soluble antioxidant during short‐term storage of bell pepper microsomal membranes is recommended and similar precautions may be warranted for membranes from other tissues.
Simultaneous analysis of cytokinins, auxins and abscisic acid by combined immunoaffinity chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and immunoassay
Authors: Fernández B. , Centeno M. L. , Feito I. , Sánchez‐Tamés R. , Rodríguez A.
Published: March 2007

A method has been developed for the rapid and simultaneous extraction and analysis from plant material of 3‐indolylacetic acid (IAA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and the cytokinins benzyladenine (BA), zeatin, zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin, dihydrozeatin riboside, isopentenyl adenine and isopentenyl adenosine. The method involves extraction with 80% (v/v) methanol, pre‐purification of the extracts through reversed phase C18 Sep‐Pak cartridges and immunopurification. The separation of the different compounds was accomplished by reverse‐phase high performance liquid chromatography for cytokinins, and by partition with diethyl ether for IAA, NAA and ABA. After methylation of the IAA fraction with diazomethane, quantification of all plant growth regulators (PGRs) was made by immunoassay. The percentage recovery at each step was monitored following the addition of radioactive compounds at the beginning of the process. The final recovery was 68% for IAA, 92% for NAA, 76% for ABA and 75% for BA. The method was applied to the analysis of PGRs in tissues and callus of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Liang and Ferguson).
Prenatal diagnosis in monozygotic twins with Down syndrome who had different phenotypes
Authors: Grynberg M. , Graesslin O. , Teyssedre J. , Quereux C. , Gaillard D. , Carré‐Pigeon F.
Published: March 2007

We report the case of monozygotic (MZ) male twin fetuses with different Down syndrome (DS) phenotypes. Prenatal fetal sonography showed a bichorial biamniotic pregnancy with increased nuchal translucency in twin A and a cervical cystic hygroma and heart defect in twin B. Cytogenetic analysis performed after double amniocentesis showed free and homogeneous trisomy 21 in both twins. Monozygosity was confirmed by molecular analysis. The pregnancy was terminated at 17 weeks of gestation (WG). Postmortem analysis confirmed the phenotypic discordance. To our knowledge, this is the first reported prenatal diagnosis of MZ male twins with different Down syndrome phenotypes but identical karyotypes. We discuss the mechanisms involved in phenotypic discordance of monozygotic twins and particularly the role of environmental factors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal sonographic findings and hematological abnormalities in fetuses with transient abnormal myelopoiesis with Down syndrome
Authors: Hojo Satoshi , Tsukimori Kiyomi , Kitade Shoko , Nakanami Naoyuki , Hikino Shunji , Hara Toshiro , Wake Norio
Published: March 2007

Objectives

To determine relevant prenatal findings of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) that have important prognostic implications.

Methods

The prenatal and postnatal medical records of all cases with confirmed TAM associated with Down syndrome were reviewed retrospectively, with emphasis on prenatal sonographic findings, fetal blood analysis, neonatal outcomes, and causes of death.

Results

From January 1992 to December 2005, seven cases were confirmed postnatally as having TAM associated with Down syndrome. Sonography demonstrated hydrops with hepatomegaly in four, and isolated hepatomegaly in two of these seven cases. There were no findings suggestive of cardiac failure in cases of hydrops. Fetal blood analysis revealed elevated liver enzyme levels in six cases and hypoalbuminemia in four cases. Comparison of sonographic findings with fetal blood findings demonstrated an association between hydrops and hypoalbuminemia. Four of the seven cases were fatal. All fatal cases were associated with hydrops and the main cause of death was coagulopathy due to liver failure, which may have resulted from infiltration of the liver by blast cells.

Conclusions

Fetal TAM is associated with hepatomegaly and elevated liver enzyme levels. The prenatal finding with prognostic implications is hydrops, which may result from hypoalbuminemia due to liver failure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morningness in German and Spanish students: a comparative study
Authors: Randler Christoph , Díaz‐Morales Juan Francisco
Published: March 2007

Humans show pronounced individual differences in circadian orientation. Transcultural comparisons are interesting since biological (or environmental) factors together with cultural ones may contribute to differences in morningness–eveningness. We compared Spanish and German undergraduates using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) to assess circadian preferences. Confirmatory and multiple groups confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess factor structure and structural invariance across countries. The results showed that a three‐factor model of morningness best characterises the CSM structure of both samples. Partial factorial invariance (factor loadings) across countries was demonstrated for the factors ‘morningness’ and ‘morning alertness’. Scores of both factors were higher in German students. Potential cultural and biological explanations for the differences are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and helicity of optically active poly(N‐propargylphosphonamidates) having chiral phosphorus center
Authors: Yue Dongmei , Fujii Toru , Terada Kayo , Tabei Junichi , Shiotsuki Masashi , Sanda Fumio , Masuda Toshio
Published: March 2007

Novel chiral N‐propargylphosphonamidate monomers (HCCCH2NHP(O)ROmenthyl, 1: R = CH3, 2: R = C2H5, 3: R = n‐C3H7, 4: R = Ph) were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding phosphonic dichlorides with menthol and propargylamine. Pairs of diastereomeric monomers 1–4 with different ratios were obtained due to the chiral P‐center and menthyl group. One diastereomer could be separated from another one in the cases of monomers 1 and 2. Polymerization of 1–4 with (nbd)Rh+[η6‐C6H5B−(C6H5)3] as a catalyst in CHCl3 gave the polymers with number‐average molecular weights ranging from 5000 to 12,000 in 65–85%. Poly(1)–poly(4) exhibited quantitative cis contents, and much larger specific rotations than 1–4 did in CHCl3. The polymers showed an intense Cotton effect around 325 nm based on the conjugated polyacetylene backbone. It was indicated that the polymers took a helical structure with predominantly one‐handed screw sense, and intramolecular hydrogen bonding between PO and NH of the polymers contributed to the stability of the helical structure. Poly(1a) and poly(2a) decreased the CD intensity upon raising CH3OH content in CHCl3/CH3OH. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1515–1524, 2007
Monitoring and blunting in palliative and curative radiotherapy consultations
Authors: Timmermans Liesbeth M. , van Zuuren Florence J. , van der Maazen Richard W. M. , Leer Jan Willem H. , Kraaimaat Floris W.
Published: March 2007

Objective: The present research paper investigates how cancer patients' monitoring and blunting coping styles are reflected in their communications during their initial radiotherapy consultations and in their evaluations of the consultation. Additionally, it is explored how a patient's disease status (curative versus palliative) influences the effects of his or her cognitive styles.

Methods: The study included 116 oncology patients receiving treatment from eight radiation oncologists. For 56 patients treatment intent was palliative and for the remaining 60 curative. The patients' communicative behaviors were assessed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). Within three days the patients completed a monitoring and blunting inventory and after another six weeks they evaluated the treatment decision and treatment information by postal questionnaire.

Results: Monitoring was positively and blunting negatively related to the patient's expression of questions, emotions and decision‐making issues. After six weeks ‘high monitors’ as opposed to ‘low monitors’ reported having more doubts about the treatment decision and being less satisfied with the information received while ‘high blunters’ expressed fewer doubts and more satisfaction than ‘low blunters’ did. Significant associations were all attributable to the palliative treatment group.

Conclusion: Cancer patients' communicative behaviors vis‐à‐vis their oncologist hinge on their cognitive styles and an unfavorable disease status enhances the effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic expression profiling of thyroid neoplasms
Authors: Braunschweig Till , Kaserer Klaus , Chung Joon‐Yong , Bilke Sven , Krizman David , Knezevic Vladimir , Hewitt Stephen M.
Published: March 2007

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasm with multiple histologic subtypes, each associated with different treatments and outcomes. Differentiating benign neoplasms such as follicular adenomas from malignant entities such as follicular carcinomas and papillary carcinoma can be challenging. To define the proteomic profile of different thyroid tumors, we screened an antibody array of 330 features against five thyroid neoplasms: follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma as well as normal thyroid epithelium. Eight candidate biomarkers; c‐erbB‐2, Stat5a, Annexin IV, IL‐11, RARα, FGF7, Caspase 9, and phospho‐c‐myc were identified as differentially expressed on the antibody array, and validated with immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays, with a total of 144 samples of the same variety of thyroid neoplasms. Analysis revealed c‐erbB‐2, Annexin IV, and Stat5a have potential clinical utility to differentiate follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, and papillary carcinoma from each other. By using an antibody array as a discovery platform and a tissue microarray as a first step in validation on a large number of specimens, we have identified new markers that have potential utility in the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms.
Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of apolipoprotein C‐III and other serum glycoproteins for the combined screening of human congenital disorders of O‐ and N‐glycosylation
Authors: Bruneel Arnaud , Robert Tiphaine , Lefeber Dirk J. , Benard Guillaume , Loncle Emilie , Djedour Amel , Durand Geneviève , Seta Nathalie
Published: March 2007

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are inherited diseases that can affect not only the N‐glycan (e.g. CDG type I and II) but also the O‐glycan biosynthesis pathway. In the absence of specific clinical symptoms, there is a need for a reliable biological screening of these two groups of CDG. Using a few microlitres of human serum, 2‐DE and immunoblotting were applied to the separation and simultaneous detection of the isoforms of the O‐glycosylated protein apolipoprotein C‐III (apoC‐III) and of four N‐glycosylated proteins, namely alpha‐antitrypsin, alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin and transferrin. For the study of O‐glycosylation, this technique allowed the reliable separation of the three fractions of apoC‐III and the determination of normal percentage values in an adult population. Concerning N‐glycosylation, the study of serum samples from patients with CDG type Ia revealed marked abnormalities systematically affecting the four 2‐DE separated N‐linked glycoproteins. 2‐DE coupled to immunoblotting using a mixture of specific antibodies could be easily and reliably employed for the combined screening of both N‐ and O‐glycosylation disorders in humans.
Discovery of stage‐related proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using proteomic analysis
Authors: Liu Dong‐Ping , Qi Robert Z. , Wang Yan , Chen Ping‐Ping , Koeffler H. Phillip , Xie Dong
Published: March 2007

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the major subtype of esophageal cancers in China, and characterized with high morbidity and mortality. So far, the diagnosis of ESCC is mainly dependent on the alterations in esophageal histology, but most cases of ESCC with low stage do not display visible histological abnormalities. Therefore, a deep understanding of the mechanism of ESCC progression and seeking stage‐specific molecules might improve the diagnosis and therapy for ESCC. In this study, we used proteomics to analyze ESCC tissues with classification by TNM stage, and determined the proteomic features correlated with ESCC progression (from stages I to III). Proteins that exhibited significantly different expression patterns between ESCC and corresponding normal esophageal tissues were identified using MS. The identified proteins with differentiated expression mainly fell into three protein categories (i.e. cytoskeleton system‐associated proteins, metabolism enzymes, and heat shock proteins). In addition, real‐time PCR highlighted some molecules that were associated with tumor stages at the mRNA level, such as enolase 1, chromosome 1 ORF 10, elastase inhibitor, α B crystalline, stress‐induced phosphoprotein 1, and squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1. Altogether, these data provided further information on ESCC progression and potential drug targets for ESCC clinical therapy.
Luminescence and scintillation properties of Y3Al5O12:Pr single crystal
Authors: Mihóková Eva , Nikl Martin , Pejchal Jan , Baccaro Stefania , Cecilia Angelica , Nejezchleb Karel , Vedda Anna
Published: March 2007

We investigated Czochralski‐grown YAG:Pr single crystal as a potential novel scintillator. Optical characteristics including photoluminescence, radioluminescence, scintillation decay, radiation damage and thermoluminescence were measured. Their dependence on the dopant concentration was studied. The radiation damage results show that with increasing concentration of Pr the radiation damage reduces. Thermoluminescence above room temperature shows the dominant glow curve peak around 250 °C. Comparing to YAG:Ce scintillator an advantage of YAG:Pr is its much faster scintillation decay (16‐17 ns at room temperature) and an absence of slow components in the decay. Therefore YAG:Pr appears as potentially interesting scintillator material. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
EPR and optical spectroscopy of MnO42– doped proper ferroelastic K3Na(CrO4)2: local transition and Jahn‐Teller effect
Authors: Maksimova T. , Vikhnin V. , Asatryan H. , Hermanowicz K. , Maczka M. , Hanuza J.
Published: March 2007

We report the study of the polarized optical absorption, the near‐infrared luminescence and the luminescence excitation spectra of the proper ferroelastic K3Na(CrO4)2 crystals doped with MnO42– ions. It is obtained from the luminescence and the d‐d absorption spectra that the 3d1 electronic ground (2E) and excited (2T2) states of MnO42– are split by the monoclinic crystal field of the host lattice at T < 230 K. The well‐resolved vibronic progressions in the luminescence spectra are ascribed to a strong coupling with a MnO42– bending ν2 = 335 cm–1 mode. The spectral dependence of the linear polarization degree ρ (ω) of the charge‐tranfer absorption for E ‖ c and E ‖ b polarization reveals a clear periodic structure due to interaction of local electronic states with a ν1 = 816 cm−1 local mode. The first EPR spectrum of the Mn6+ paramagnetic center in the K3Na(CrO4)2: MnO42– crystal is studied. The local transition due to a local configuration instability of vibronic origin at low temperature T ≤ 18 K is detected and identified. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polaron conductivity of the strongly defective ZnCr2–xNixSe4 spinels
Authors: Duda H. , Groń T. , Jendrzejewska I. , Mazur S. , Zajdel P. , Kita A.
Published: March 2007

Electrical resistivity and the thermoelectric power measurements as well as the calculations of the vacancy parameter, performed in the paramagnetic single crystals of the ZnCr2–xNixSe4 system, provide evidence for polaron conduction in defective spinel materials. At high temperatures a linear dependence between thermopower S and the electrical resistivity (ln ρ), a characteristic of small polarons, is observed. An origin of the small polarons in this case could be associated with a crystalline distortion as the single crystals under study are characterized both by the higher values of the anion parameter than u = 0.375, which is typical for the ideal spinel structure and a large defectiveness, which is identified by the large value of the vacancy parameter of about β = 11.5%. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Extended positron‐trapping defects in insulating MgAl2O4 spinel‐type ceramics
Authors: Klym H. , Ingram A. , Shpotyuk O. , Filipecki J. , Hadzaman I.
Published: March 2007

Extended defects in insulating nanoporous MgAl2O4 spinel‐type ceramics which trap positrons are characterized by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy before and after water‐immersion treatment. It is shown that in both cases the same type of positron traps prevails, but positron trapping in defects near grain boundaries occurs more efficiently in water‐moistened ceramics. It is shown the more perfect structure of ceramics, the more considerable changes occur in the positron trapping parameters of water‐moistened ceramics. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Europium‐doped barium halide X‐ray scintillators
Authors: Selling J. , Birowosuto M. D. , Dorenbos P. , Schweizer S.
Published: March 2007

Single crystals of europium‐doped barium chloride, bromide, and iodide were investigated under x‐ray and γ‐ray excitation. The Eu2+‐related x‐ray excited luminescence is at 402, 404, and 425 nm for the chloride, bromide, and iodide, respectively. BaCl2:Eu2+has the most promising scintillation properties of the systems investigated. The light yield is about 20,000 ± 2,000 photons per MeV of absorbed γ‐ray energy, the energy resolution for the 662 keV photopeak is 9% ± 1%, and the scintillation decay time is (390 ± 40) ns. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence of Ho3+:YVO4 crystals
Authors: Polosan S. , Bettinelli M. , Tsuboi T.
Published: March 2007

Emission spectra of Ho3+‐doped YVO4 crystals are studied in the visible and infrared spectral regions. Besides the emission bands at 544 nm and at about 1950 and 2017 nm due to Ho3+, we observed a broad emission band at 610 nm at low temperatures like 15 K in the highly doped crystals with the Ho3+ concentrations of more than 0.5 mol%. The excitation band for this broad emission is located at 390 nm which is near the edge of band gap of the crystal. It is suggested that the 610 nm band is attributed to defects related to oxygen vacancies around V4+ ions. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of Mn2+ luminescence in Zn(PO3)2 glasses
Authors: Flores J. M. C. , Caldino G. U. , Hernández A. J. , Camarillo G. E. , Cabrera B. E. , del Castillo H. , Speghini A. , Bettinelli M. , Murrieta S. H.
Published: March 2007

The optical properties of Mn2+ doped Zn(PO3)2 glass are discussed. Depending on the manganese concentration in the glass samples, the Mn2+ emission band appears in the wavelength range from 515 to 620 nm. This behavior depends on the possible coordination number, a result confirmed by different lifetimes and also different structure of the absorption spectra. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Threshold displacement energy in yttria‐stabilized zirconia
Authors: Costantini Jean‐Marc , Beuneu François
Published: March 2007

We have studied the color center production in yttria‐stabilized zirconia single crystals (i.e. ZrO2: Y with 9.5 mol% Y2O3) with the (100) orientation, by electron irradiations at energies ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 MeV. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements show that three paramagnetic centers are stable at room‐temperature: i) an F+‐type center (singly ionized oxygen vacancy), ii) the so‐called T‐center (Zr3+ in a trigonal oxygen environment), and iii) a hole center. The growth curves of F+‐type centers at variable electron energy cannot be rescaled versus the absorbed dose. These data confirm that F+‐type center production is primarily governed by elastic collision processes with a threshold electron energy about 1.0 MeV. This can be correlated to a threshold displacement energy either about 120 eV for the O‐atoms in the collision cascades, or about 80 eV for the Zr‐ (or Y‐) atoms. In contrast, the growth curves of T‐centers at variable electron energy are rescaled versus the absorbed dose. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)