bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of fish-borne zoonotic parasites and their molecular identification in Bhola district of Bangladesh
Authors: AUNAMIKA SAYEDA JAHAN , ROY BABUL CHANDRA , ISLAM ZAHIRUL , AHMED NURNABI , RAHMAN MD. KHALILUR , BISWAS HIRANMOY , HASAN MOHAMMAD MANJURUL , TALUKER MD. HASANUZZAMAN
Published: March 2022

. Fish-borne zoonotic parasites are a rapidly increasing health hazards for human in all over the world. There is a scarcity of information on the fish-borne zoonotic parasite infection in Bangladesh. The present study was aimed to investigate fish-borne helminth parasites in Bhola district. A total of 300 fresh fish samples were collected randomly from different local markets of Bhola district and transported to the laboratory of the Department of Parasitology, BAU. Fishes were homogenized and digested with pepsin-HCl solution for overnight and washed with NaCl solution for 8-9 times and then sediment was examined under a microscope to detect the presence of metacercariae/metacestode. Fishes were found to be infected with multiple infective stages of helminth parasites such as Opisthorchis sp., Clonorchis sp., Diphyllobothrium sp., Metagonimus sp. and Metorchis sp. In this study, 58% overall prevalence of fish-borne zoonotic parasites was recorded. About 80% metacercariae was found in Loitta (Harpadon nehereus) followed by 65% in Spotted snakehead (Channa punctata), 60% in Tilapia (Oreochromis nilolticus), 45% in Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) and 24.28% in Indian carplet (Amblypharyngodon microlepis). The plerocercoid of Diphyllobothrium sp. were identified morphologically and was confirmed molecularly by PCR. This study indicates that fish-borne helminth parasites may pose a significant public health risk to the people of Bhola district.
Biodiversity, threats and recommendation for conservation of fishes in the Old Brahmaputra River
Authors: HASAN MAHMUDUL , TRIPTI SYEDA MARZIA ISLAM
Published: March 2022

. The information of fish biodiversity, possible risks and associated threats which are liable for declining the indigenous fish species in our water bodies, particularly in the Old Brahmaputra River (Fulchhari, Gaibandha to Melandah, Jamalpur) is lacking compared to other rivers and/or other portion of the same river channel in Bangladesh. How many fish species exist in this river is also an arguable open question to local ichthyologists. To minimize this deficiency, our collected fishes were labeled with a proper voucher number and kept their good illustration. Further, we aimed to quantify the biodiversity, identify the threats and suggest the possible conservation policy for sustainable management of indigenious freshwater species of this river starting from Fulchhari Upazila of Gaibandha district towards Melandah Upazila, Jamalpur district from January to December 2021. The present study showed that Cypriniformes (43%) is the most dominating group followed by Siluriformes (33%), Perciformes (19%) and so on which belong to four orders and 10 families. In summary, it is generalized that fish biodiversity of this river has significantly declined in the last decade due to anthropological and natural effects which urge the design of a new conservation policy for the sustainable management of our tasty, valuable indigenous fish species.
Alternative Dispute Resolution in Mining Disputes with the Mechanism of Mediation
Authors: Gayo Sabela
Published: March 2022

In Article 33 of the constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, the management and exertion needed protection and legal certainty both to the public as a common property over the excavated material, the entrepreneur as a manager, and the government as a regulator. Mining activities often cause disputes involving the government, employers mining (investors), and the community in the territory of the mining operations. Therefore, need to be pursued to resolve the dispute through the dispute settlement mechanism. Issues to be examined include the development of the regulation of business activities the mining sector in Indonesia and the dispute settlement mechanism in the field of mining in order to create legal certainty and justice. This paper discusses the completion of mining disputes by alternative dispute resolution in mining through the concept of mediation. Be aware that the development of the regulation of the activities of the mining business in Indonesia has existed since the reign of the Dutch east Indies with the entry into force of the Indische Mijnwet 1899, after the independent published a Regulation Number 37 of the 1960s about Mining, Regulation Number 44 of 1960 on Oil and Gas, LAW Number 37 of Prp. 1960 about Mining, later replaced by LAW No. 11 of 1967 about the Basic Provisions of Mining which is then lifted and the publication of LAW No. 4 Year 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining. As for the dispute settlement mechanism of mining through a few options that include adjudications, non-adjudications, the court, arbitration, ADR, mediation and traditional institutions. In this discussion the author argues that the choice of dispute resolution through mediation is the right choice rather than the settlement of disputes in court. This is due to the mediation has several advantages such as the dispute resolution process is faster, the result of an agreement that is a “win-win solution”, as well as the guarantee of the confidentiality of the dispute from the public spotlight. Based on these advantages, mediation is considered more appropriate to be applied in a contract dispute mining in Indonesia.

Keywords: Alternative Dispute Resolution, Mining, Mediation.
Demographic and Clinical Features of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Epidemiological Study in Kashmir
Authors: . Huma , Munshi Younis , . Zahoor
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the irritable bowel demographics and its different clinical presenting features in Kashmir.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire / interview schedule was used to collect the information from the patients attending the general OPD and during different mobile camps. Subjects satisfying the Rome III criteria for IBS were given questionnaires.
Results: In the present study; out of 100 individuals with IBS that met the Rome III criteria, (65%) were male individuals and 35% females. The average age of respondents was observed as 33 years, with majority of patients accounting for (45%) belonging to the age group of (18-30) years. We observed that (65%) individuals had their BMI between (18.5-24.9) kg/m2 followed by (31%) with BMI (25-29.9) Kg/m2. Most of the respondents were from urban area accounting for 74% followed by (26%) belonging to rural area. Majority of respondents were from middle class background accounting for (55%) followed by lower class individuals (30%). Only 15% individuals were from affluent class background which implies that IBS is more evident in middle class and low class families. The most prevalent clinical features were abdominal pain accounting for (89%) followed by the symptoms of change of fecal consistency (78%) and change of bowel frequency (78%).
Conclusions: Using the Rome III criteria, we conclude that IBS poses a significant burden on the urban adults and male individuals are at high risk of developing IBS. The frequency of IBS in patients with abdominal pain, change of fecal consistency, change of bowel frequency, boating, heartburn, constipation and diarrhea are high with no significant effect of gender, marital status. However, the prevalence of IBS has been found to be associated with socio-economic and educational status.

Keywords: Irritable bowel syndrome, IBS, Demographic and Clinical Features, Epidemiological Study, Kashmir.
تصميم الإطار الإبستمولوجي و المنهجي لبناء نظرية الإدارة الإسلامية قراءة نقدية في مؤلفات البروفيسور جاويد إقبال ثاني
Authors: TABETI الحبيب ثابتي
Published: March 2022

Researchers acknowledge the Western dominance in the field of theoretical and practical management. This dominance has negatively affected the localization of curricula and management tools in non-Western societies. Consequently, many thinkers called for the liberation of the social and human sciences in general and management sciences in particular from the Western hegemony. Many specialists in the South drew up the foundations of alternative management principles and applications that catered to the specific needs of the region and did not collide with its cultural and ethical heritage. Mulsim scholars should also develop their own theory of management. Javed Iqbal Sani is a prominent thinker. He made a significant contribution to the field of Islamic management by writing more than fifty books on Islamic management. He endeavoured to consolidate Islamic management thought in the light of the Qur’ān and the guidance of the Prophet Muḥammad (peace be upon him). The article aims to explore the epistemological and methodological framework designed by Sani to build a theory of Islamic management.
Butler Matrix 4x4 untuk Aplikasi Wideband-Radar
Authors: Rizka Nadia Media , Intyas Ilfiyantri , Rizal Samsurizal
Published: March 2022

In this research, a 4x4 butler matrix for wideband-radar application with frequency range in S- Band (operation frequency at 3 GHz) was designed with 4 hybrid coupler and 2 crossover coupler in it. Using electromagnetic band gap (EBG) technique to increase the bandwidth by put the perforated structures (holes) at the ground plane. The research results (modelling by software application)show the design of butler matrix with characteristics of the bandwidth more than 500 MHz. In addition, the value of bandwidth enhancement is up to 259 %.
Siyasal Pazarlama Uygulamalarının Seçmen Tercihleri Üzerine Etkileri (Ankara İli Örneği)
Authors: ÇELİK Resul
Published: March 2022

Ülkemizde siyasal pazarlama faaliyetleri gün geçtikçe önemini kazanmaya başlamıştır. Seçim öncesinde yapılan propaganda ve faaliyetler, profesyonel kişiler ve kurumlarca gerçekleştirilmektedir. Yapılan bu faaliyetler seçmenler üzerindeki etkileri açısından önemlidir. Siyasal pazarlama faaliyetlerinde birçok yöntem ve araç kullanılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temelini de bu yöntem ve araçların incelenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, siyasal pazarlama faaliyetlerinin seçmen üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması amacı ile Ankara ilinde gerçekleşmiştir. İlk olarak literatür çalışması gerçekleşmiş, siyasal pazarlama, propaganda ve seçmen davranışları araştırılmıştır. Daha sonra anket çalışması gerçekleşmiş ve sonuçlar yapılan literatür çalışması ile desteklenmiş, elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde katılımcıların demografik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra, siyasal pazarlama faaliyetlerinin seçmen tercihi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile siyasal pazarlama faaliyetlerinin seçmen üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Literatür çalışması sonucunda da Türkiye’de siyasal pazarlama faaliyetleri ile seçmen tercihlerinin belirlenmesine yönelik olarak çalışmalar yapıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Metrics are required for diagnostic accuracy in acute medicine
Authors:   PhD FRCP, Dept of Medicine, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Brunel Whyte Martin , Kelly Philip ,   MD FRCP, Dept of Medicine, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Published: March 2022

The article by Subbe et al raises important considerations as to what is deemed quality care in medicine. Throughput in acute medicine is highly prized. Prompt decision making, and action, is certainly required for several groups of unwell patients, but there is system-wide pressure to maintain this fast pace for all patients. It does not automatically follow that quicker medicine benefits all patients to some degree. ‘Productivity’ may come at the cost of too much medicine – characterised by overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and substantial resource utilisation.
Lesson Study wird digital
Authors: Tscherne Michaela , Zenz Sabine , Mewald Claudia
Published: March 2022

In diesem Beitrag wird ein im Rahmen des Erasmus+ Projekts LS4VET (Lesson Study for Vocational Education and Training) entwickelter Online-Kurs vorgestellt, der dazu beitragen soll, die Lesson Study-Praxis im Bereich der Berufsbildung zu implementieren und so die Qualität der Lehr- und Lernprozesse in der beruflichen Bildung kontinuierlich zu verbessern. Lesson Study (LS) basiert auf der professionellen Kollaboration von Lehrkräften mit dem Ziel, das Lernen von Schüler*innen zu studieren und zu verbessern, was auch zur Weiterentwicklung der pädagogisch-didaktischen Kompetenzen der Lehrenden führt. Im Kontext von Schulentwicklung und Führung leistet der Lesson Study-Ansatz einen wichtigen Beitrag zur systematischen Qualitätsentwicklung und -sicherung und stellt eine wirksame Personalentwicklungsmaßnahme dar.
Die Eroberung von Wissensbergen in Zeiten der Digitalisierung
Authors: Heißenberger Petra
Published: March 2022

Digitalisierung – das 11. Gebot der Schulentwicklung. Dahinter aber steht eine Kultur der Digitalität, die unser Leben von der Buch- zur Netzkultur transformiert. Andrea Richter und ihr Team beantworten tagtäglich Fragen zum Umgang mit der Digitalisierung in den Schulen. In diesem Interview soll es vor allem darum gehen, wie Schulleitungen mit dem Kulturwandel umgehen (können). Im Fokus stehen die Themenbereiche Umgang mit Medien und Gestaltung einer (bewussten) Medienkultur an der Schule und die Rolle der Schulleitungen.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Cosmetic Procedures among Population of Majmaah, Saudi Arabia, 2019-2020
Authors: Hindi Abdulaziz M. Al , Mutairi Batool A. Al- , Alnasser Farah A. , Alhegail Renad O. , Ghannam Raghad G. Al-, , Almutairi Amirah F.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Cosmetic procedures have been growing recently among men and women. Cosmetics procedures refer to both surgical and non-surgical procedures. For example, rhinoplasty (nose surgery), surgical face-lifts, abdominoplasty (tummy tuck), and liposuction, etc. referred to surgical procedures. In contrast, procedures such as chemical peels, filler, and botulinum toxin injections, laser skin resurfacing, vein removal, and laser hair removal are collectively referred to as non-surgical procedures. In recent years cosmetics surgeries have decreased while people have moved towards non-invasive cosmetic procedures. Objective: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Cosmetic procedure among the population of Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia, 2019-2020. Methodology: This is an observational cross-sectional study targeted Al- Majma’ah population. Half of the participants were asked to complete an electronic questionnaire and the remaining completed a paper-based questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into four parts: Socio-Demographic Data, Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of cosmetic procedures. Data were analyzed by using SPSS v.25. In addition, Pearson Chi-square tests applied to determine associations between qualitative variables. Results: Most of the participants were aged between 18-25 years. The majority were female. All of them have heard about cosmetic procedures. Social media was the most common source of information. More than half of the participants recognized different types of cosmetic procedures. More than two-thirds of them believed low self-esteem affects decisions about cosmetic procedures. Only 146 reported undergoing cosmetic procedures, where most of them underwent liposuction and hair removal. Personal desire was the primary source of motivation.,Whereas self satisfaction was the commonest cause for not considering such procedures. 244 of the participants reported their relatives had undergone cosmetic procedures Conclusion: Most of the participants had poor to moderate levels of knowledge regarding Cosmetic procedures. Most of the participants had a positive attitude regarding such a procedure. The prevalence of cosmetic procedures is somewhat uncommon as about one-third of the participants underwent surgical and non-surgical procedures. Keywords: Cosmetic Procedures, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
Comparative Study for the Effectiveness of Dry Needling and Deep Friction Massage in Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Nisa Zaib-Un- , Bhatti Zahid Mehmood , Dustgir Atif , Hina Maryam , Razzaq Maryam , Khan Rehan Ramzan
Published: March 2022

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of dry needling and deep friction massage in the management of patients with lateral epicondylitis. Methodology: Thirty two patients with lateral epicondylitis were divided into two groups using lottery method who were meeting the inclusion & exclusion criteria. Both groups (Group A deep friction massage and Group B dry needling) received six treatment sessions at frequency of two sessions per week. Assessments were conducted before intervention and after the end of 2nd, 4th and 6th intervention session using numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), patient related tennis elbow evaluation questionnaire (PRTEEQ) and pain free grip strength using a hand dynamometer. Results: The mean pain reduction in dry needling and deep friction massage group was 3.52 ± 0.59 and 2.86 ± 0.64 respectively making dry needling a better intervention in reducing pain. The mean change in the total score of PRTEEQ across dry needing and deep friction group was 22.35 ± 7.07 and 20.26 ± 7.18 respectively making both intervention equally effective in reducing pain. In terms of mean change in the strength across dry needing and deep friction group was 7.412 ± 0.563 and 7.533 ± 0.624 respectively making both intervention equally effective in improvement of strength in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Conclusion: This study suggests that both dry needling and deep friction massage are effective in the improvement of strength and in reducing pain but comparing mean difference of pre and post outcome measure score dry needling is a better intervention in reducing pain in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Key words: Tennis Elbow, Deep Friction Massage, Dry Needling
Comparison of Plating Versus Intramedullary Nailing for the Treatment of Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Fractures: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Khan Abdul Rehman , Soomro Zahoor Illahi , Palh Hussain Bux , Solangi Naveed Ahmed , Bhatti Sajjad Hussain , Chandio Muhammad Shuaib , Keerio Niaz Hussain
Published: March 2022

Aim: To evaluate the functional outcomes of intramedullary interlocking nailing and minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis. Study design: A longitudinal study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Dow University of Health sciences Karachi Pakistan from January 2019 to January 2021. Methodology: A total of 100 patients were recruited for surgical procedures. All the patients were asked to visit the hospital at the 6th week, 3rd month, and 6th month of surgery for radiography assessment and for analyzing the knee and joint movements. When callus became visible on radiographs patients were allowed for partial weight-bearing. When callus was visible in 3 to 4 quadrants we considered it as fracture union on both anteroposterior and lateral views with no pain and mobility. Bone grafting was considered in case of fractures nonunion. Functional assessment was taken place after one year of surgery. Results: We observed that the IMIL group attained fracture union in an average duration of 25.90. But no statistical difference was observed between both groups. IMIL procedure has less duration of hospital stay when compared with MIPPO (6.40 (4–9) ± 1.19 vs 6.82 (5–10) ± 1.27. We observed 5° malunion in the MIPPO group whereas the IMIL group reported 10° malunion with a significant difference of 0.001. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the plating technique can better restore the distal tibia alignment but also has chances of postoperative complications which would be manageable. Keywords: Intramedullary interlocking nailing, minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis, distal tibia
Endometrial Carcinoma: Diagnostic Accuracy of Color Doppler Ultrasound in Diagnosis
Authors: Bukhari Hassan , Khattak Nadia , Nauman Akram Muhammad , Rehman Hafeez Ur , Kamran Ayesha , Ahmad Abbas
Published: March 2022

Aim: The objective of this research was to observe the diagnostic accuracy of color Doppler ultrasound for diagnosing endometrial Ca (carcinoma) in PMB women. Study Design: Cross-sectional Study Place and Duration: Radiology Department of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar for duration from December 2020 till May 2021 Method: One hundred and sixty patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding (postmenopausal bleeding) were included. Patient’s ages were ranging between 45 to 75 years. After taking complete consent, patients detailed history age, gender, socio-economic status and previous hospital visited record was recorded. ET (endometrial thickness), UARI (uterine artery resistive index) and results of DUS (Doppler ultrasound) were noted. Patients marked endometrial Ca whom ET was >5mm and UARI was <0.7. Histopathology results as a gold standard were also noted. The results of DUS (Doppler ultrasound) were demonstrated with histopathology record. Results: Mean age of patients was 62.36±8.44 years. Mean BMI was 28.24±2.38 kg/m2. Endometrial carcinoma was found in 129 (80.63%) patients by Doppler ultrasound while histopathological findings revealed that 125 (78.13%) patients had endometrial carcinoma. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of DUS were recorded as 96.80%, 77.14%, 93.80%, 87.10% and 92.50% respectively. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasound is very useful diagnostic modality for diagnosing endometrial carcinoma in patients having post-menopausal bleeding. Keywords: Postmenopausal Bleeding, Endometrial Carcinoma, Doppler ultrasound, Endometrial Thickness, Uterine Artery Resistive Index
Effectiveness of Prone Position among Patients with Acute Respiratory Disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Bilal , Khan Naveed Noor , Babur Waseem
Published: March 2022

Objective: Aim of current study is to determine the effectiveness of prone position in patients presented with severe coronavirus disease. Study Design: Observational /Retrospective study Place and Duration: King Salman Armed Forces Hospital Tabuk KSA. Feb 2021-Dec 2021 Methods: This research comprised a total of 85 patients with respiratory failure who were admitted to the ICU. Patients ranged in age from 20 to 75. After obtaining written permission from each patient, demographic information such as age, gender, and BMI was collected. A and B were the two groups of patients that were studied. Group A included 40 patients with COVID-19 who completed prone position testing, whereas group II included 45 patients as a comparison group. During the 15-day follow up period, patients in group A were remained in a prone posture whereas those in group B were subjected to invasive ventilation. Outcomes among both groups were compared in terms of mortality, hospital stay and reduction in intubation rate. Analyzation of data was completed by using SPSS 24.0 version. Results: The majority of the patients were men, with 60 (70.6%) of the total, while the others were females, with 25 (29.4%). The mean age of the patients in the prone posture group was 48.12 years, with a mean BMI of 27.5 kg/m2, whereas the mean age of the patients in the control group was 50.4 years, with a mean BMI of 27.9 kg/m2. The average time spent in the prone position was 6.08 hours. When comparing the prone group to the controlled group, the mean PF ratio was higher in the former. The average length of stay in group A was 7.2 days, whereas the average length of stay in group B was 10.5 days. Group A had a death rate of 2 (5%), while group B had a mortality rate of 5 (11.1%). Conclusion: As a result of this research, we came to the conclusion that the prone position was an effective and safe approach for reducing intubation, mortality, and hospital stay in patients of COVID-19. After this procedure, no side effects were observed. Keywords: Respiratory Failure, Mortality, Prone Position, Covid-19,
Türkiye’de Koyun Irklarının Mevcut Durumu ve Geleceği: Karadeniz Bölgesi
Authors: KANDEMİR Çağrı , TAŞKIN Turgay
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada, Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan on sekiz ilde yetiştirilen koyun ırklarının verim yönü, kuyruk yapısı ve orijini dikkate alınmıştır. Çalışma materyalini, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı’nın Hayvancılık Bilgi Sistemi (HAYBİS) üzerinden 2021 yılında elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Karadeniz Bölgesinde toplam koyun varlığı 2.261.719 baştır. Bölgede on sekiz ilde toplam 33 koyun ırkı yetiştirilmektedir. Koyun sayısı en fazla olan il Tokat (420.608 baş) iken en düşük sayı Bartın (5.821 baş) ilindedir. Karayaka, Akkaraman ve Merinos bölgede en fazla yetiştiriciliği yapılan (18 ilde) koyun ırklarıdır. Bölgede yetiştiriciliği en az yapılan yerli koyun ırkları Tuj, Zom, Hamdani ve Koçeri’dir Bölgede yerli koyun sayısı 2.054.336 baş, kültür ırkı koyun sayısı 207.383 baştır. Bölgede en fazla kültür ırkı koyun sayısı 9 ile Bolu olmuştur. Kuyruk yapısına göre iller arasındaki koyun sayısı bakımından belirlenen fark istatistiki olarak önemlidir (p<0.05). Karadeniz Bölgesindeki koyunları kuyruk yapılarına göre incelediğimizde daha ağırlıklı yarım yağlı kuyruklu ırkların iklimsel çevreye uyum sağladığı anlaşılmaktadır. İnce kuyruklu ırkların daha batıda, yağlı kuyrukluların ise ağırlıklı doğu illerinde yoğun olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Yang Jiang—A Great Woman in Recent History of China
Authors:   School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China, Gu Tianyi
Published: March 2022

Yang Jiang (1911-2016) was an admirable writer and translator in China. She lived through the most unsettled time in the modern history of China, when the Anti-Japanese War (1937-45) and the Cultural Revolution (1966-76) did have a great impact on her life and her career. Whereas the social environment influenced Yang Jiang, Yang also responded to the situation with her novels or works of translation, which are now excellent works of art.
Water Loss Detection System of Malang Water Supply System
Authors:   Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia, Romdloni Anwar
Published: March 2022

The implementation of the Drinking Water Supply System by PDAM is responsible for providing drinking water services to the community. Losses incurred due to water loss include being unable to meet drinking water needs, reduced revenues, increased operational costs and worsening infrastructure. One of the concrete efforts of PDAM management is to control the level of water loss. Water loss is defined as the difference between production volume and collectible water volume based on customer meter. Data analysis for water loss control is done by identifying the existing PDAM conditions related to Non Revenue Water (NRW) level issues and efforts that have been made to address them. Identification of PDAM existing conditions begins with identifying the service area as a whole through an existing network map. Then the identification of existing conditions of PDAM through existing water balance data. Water balance data is available for each component of the water balance so that existing conditions are obtained for each existing component for both commercial water loss, physical water loss, and NRW level. Asset management and technology can also play a role in water loss control analysis. Currently the use of SCADA technology in water loss control is able to monitor, control, and acquire data on a particular process continuously.
Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at family health center
Authors: Abdelhafez Ahmed Nagib Elsayed
Published: March 2022

Anemia is the most prevalent cause of hematological problem that occurs more frequently during pregnancy. According to World Health Organization data, up to 56% of all women in underdeveloped nations are anemic. Anemia is readily defined by measuring hemoglobin concentrations and evaluating a peripheral blood smear for distinctive red blood cell abnormalities. Iron supplementation is recommended throughout pregnancy to avoid problems. This was a study done in Shebin Elkom Health Center from April 2021 to January 2022. The study was conducted on 300 pregnant women at obstetrics and gynecology department. The study consisted of two phases: the first phase was a cross‑sectional study and the second phase was an interventional prospective study. There was significant difference between anemic and non-anemic patients regarding all CBC results except RBCs count. Most women were normal (68%), mild, moderate and severe anemia were found in 30m 1.33 and 0.67 percent of participants. There was a significant correlation between anemia and second trimester of pregnancy, previous diagnosis with anemia, piles, PCV, MCHC and long menstruation.
A study on the post pandemic impact on the pharmaceutical industry of India
Authors: Das Runumoni Lahkar , Haque Safiqul , Patowary Bishal
Published: March 2022

During the preceding five decades, the Indian pharmaceutical industry has made significant progress in both the domestic and international economic sectors. The sector employs about 2.7 million people directly or indirectly and ranks third in terms of volume and 14th in terms of value internationally. The government's drive for the pharma sector can be interpreted as an attempt to wean India off of raw material imports from China, which are significantly utilised in local medication production. COVID-19 has given the Indian pharmaceutical sector the possibility to create APIs and intermediates. As a result of the pandemic, the digital and e-commerce industries are becoming increasingly crucial. The E-Pharma industry has developed tremendously as a result of the pandemic-induced lockdown, as individuals have realised that purchasing medicines online is a safer method to protect them from infection. Recognizing the potential of the online pharma business in the future, major E-commerce companies like as Amazon and Reliance Retail have begun to invest in it. The online pharma sector has a lot of promise in the next years because of the comprehensive value proposition supplied by E-pharma companies, historical experiences, and the migration to digital platforms owing to COVID-19.
Study the efficacy of Duhsparshadi Leha and Kantakari Avaleha in the management of Vataja Kasa
Authors: Thakre Pooja Prabhakar , Ade Vinod N.
Published: March 2022

Background: Kasa is an independent disease of Pranvaha Strotas. Kasa is an independent disease and it is not life threatening but it interferes with the quality of routine activity of an individual.  Prevalence of Vataja kasa is remarkable. Vataja Kasa is one of the type of Shuskakasa dominated by Vata and Pran Vayu Dusthi. Congested Vayu causes the production of abnormal sound, which may be dry or productive. Aim - Comparative efficacy of Duhsparshadi Leha and Kantakari Avaleha in Vataja Kasa. Material and method –In this study, 40 patients of Vataja Kasa will randomly divided into two groups (20 in each) having typical signs and symptoms of Vataja Kasa were treated. In Group A (Experimental)-10 gms Duhsparshadi Leha will administered twice a day with lukewarm water before meal and Group B (Control) will given 10 gms Kantakari Avaleha twice a day with lukewarm water before meal for 15 days. Subjective criteria like Kasavega, Uraha-parshwashool, Shirshool, Swarbheda TLC (Total Leukocyte Count), Neutrophils, and Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC) are examples of laboratory measures were assessed before and after treatment. Assessment will be recorded in every week (7th day and 15th day). After treatment, there was a significant improvement in all indicators.
comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of panchtikta ghrita and bisphosphonate in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis (asthikshaya)
Authors: Gajendra Renuka , Kuchewar Vaishali
Published: March 2022

Asthikshaya is a disorder related to bone degeneration. It is similar to osteoporosis. A disturbance in bone remodeling is the underlying mechanism for decrease in normal bone density. Osteoporosis is caused due to low bone mass, and micro architectural breakdown of bone tissue. In India, Osteoporosis is an emerging public health problem with increasing numbers of elderly. Women are more prone as compared to men. Risk of Osteoporosis even increases at the stage of menopause, which is physiological transition period of hormonal imbalance. Aims and objectives: To compare the efficacy of Panchtikta Ghrita and Bisphosphonate in the management of Postmenopausal osteoporosis (Asthikshaya). Methodology: For proposed study,Postmenopausal womenwill be assessed for BMD by organizing special camp for assessment of BMD, Recruitment of women having T‟ score -2.5 to -1 subjects will be randomly divided into two groups. Group A will be given Panchtikta Ghritain the dose of 15 ml orally on empty stomach for 90 days and Group B will be given Bisphosphonate (as a standard drug)in dose of 70 mg orally once weekly on an empty stomachfor 90days.The record of assessment willbe taken at zero day, 30th day, 60th day and 90th day.
A novel ion- selective electrode sensor based on crafted polymer sugar thia crown ether for the determination of Cadmium (II)
Authors: Sead Fadhil Faez , Mohammed Hussein Jasim , Hamzah Ahmed Ibrahim , Bustani Ghadeer Sabah
Published: March 2022

A Cadmium (II) ion-selective electrode (ISE) based on Thia polymeric crown ether (SPCE-Cd2+) as a membrane carrier in a PVC matrix was successfully built for the determination of Cd2+ ions. Using Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) plasticizer, the electrode showed a Nernstian liner response spanning the range of 1*10-1 to 1*10-7 M with a slope of (28) ±2 mV per decade charge and a detection limit of 1*10-9 M. The sensor has a 10-second response time. The cadmium ion-selective electrode is highly precise in its selectivity for Cd2+ over other cations. Some alkali and transition metal ions have selectivity coefficients in the range of 1 * 10-7 to 1 * 10-1. It worked well as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric measurement of the cadmium ion.
Histological and immunohistochemical study of the protective effect of virgin coconut oil on cyclophosphamide-induced immunotoxicity of the spleen and peyer’s patches
Authors: Al-Joufi Fakhria A. , Senin Mu’izuddin M. , Matloub Gheed I. , Alsiadi Wasan A. Wahab , Al-Ani Imad M. , Mahmud Mohamed Imad A. M. , Ahmed Fakhri S. , Abed Shaymaa Najm
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is an edible oil extracted from the meat of mature coconuts. It is also known for its health and therapeutic benefits, mainly attributed to its polyphenols and medium-chain fatty acid contents The immunomodulatory effects of VCO have not been extensively investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of VCO on cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunotoxicity of peripheral lymphoid tissues. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into five groups of eight rats each. Group 1 served as the normal control, while the other groups were all given 10 mg/kg of CY orally once daily for 4 weeks. Group 2 received CY served as the negative control. Group 3 rats were treated with levamisole (LMS) for 6 weeks, while Groups 4A and 4B were given VCO at 10 mL/kg and 15 mL/kg, respectively, for 6 weeks. The spleen and ileum sections were subjected to routine histological examination and immunohistochemical evaluation for T and B lymphocytes. Results: Histologically, the spleen and Peyer’s patches (PPs) of the ileum exhibited a significant reduction in the lymphoid cellularity following daily administration of 10 mg/kg CY for 4 weeks.
Anti-ulcer activity of Pistacia Atlantica and Punica Granatum hydroalcoholic extract in comparison with omeprazole in male wister rats
Authors: Abdulzahra Asseel Abdulateef , Al-Salih Hutheyfa Abdulhussein Ali
Published: March 2022

The current study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of Pistacia Atlantica (mastic gum) hydro-alcoholic extract and Punica Granatum (pomegranate) peel hydro-alcoholic extract treatment against alcohol-induced peptic ulcer in Wister rat and to compare this protective effects between each other and with omeprazole as the most common drug in treatment of peptic ulcer. Thirty five male Wister rats were assigned into five groups (seven rats each group). C- group rats were received normal saline for one week. C+ group rats were received normal saline for one week before receiving one dose of absolute ethanol. OME group rats were received normal saline for one week and one dose of omeprazole one hour before receiving one dose of absolute ethanol. MG group rats were received Pistacia Atlantica hydro-alcoholic extract for one week before receiving one dose of absolute ethanol. PG group rats were received Punica Granatum hydro-alcoholic extract daily for one week before receiving one dose of absolute ethanol. The gross and histopathology lesion of gastric ulcer were assessed. Ulcer index results showed a significant (p<0.05) differences between C+ group and other groups, However, the ulcer index of PG group was  significant (p<0.05) compared with OME group.
Hero Meets Penelope, Leander Meets Odysseus: The Intratextual Dialogue between Ov.Her. 1 andHer. 18–19
Authors: Michalopoulos Andreas N.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, I investigate the relationship between Penelope's letter to Odysseus (Her. 1) and the letters of Leander and Hero (Her. 18–19), especially Hero's letter to Leander (Her. 19). The peculiarity of this comparative approach lies mainly in the fact that whereas Penelope and Odysseus were one of the most famous couples in ancient literature and the protagonists of a great epic, the Odyssey, Leander and Hero were considerably less known in Rome during Ovid's time. To prove the close relationship between the letters of Penelope, Leander, and Hero, I present their numerous similarities, and then I suggest the reasons why Ovid took pains to compose the letters of Leander and Hero in a way so closely reminiscent of Penelope's letter to Odysseus.
A Case for the Future of Global Health
Authors: Healy Justin
Published: March 2022

A child today is more likely to live past infancy than at any other point in history. Her mother is less likely to have died during childbirth and her father is less likely to be murdered or to go to war. In her early years, she is more likely to be vaccinated than malnourished and as she grows up she will have a better chance than ever of spending her nights under a mosquito net and her days at a primary school. More girls like her will have an opportunity to lead healthy lives free from poverty than ever before in our time as humans on this earth.
Sobre el proceso de gramaticalización de la locución concesiva "por más (mucho) que"
Authors: Ridruejo Emilio
Published: March 2022

Los estudios sobre la locución concesiva por + nombre (adjetivo, adverbio) + que han planteado su origen a partir del sentido causal que poseen las construcciones preposicionales con por y como consecuencia de la influencia analógica de otras construcciones concesivas. En el artículo se discute tal influencia analógica y se explica el sentido concesivo en virtud de los mecanismos generales de la concesión. Se propone que las construcciones con cuantificadores no son necesariamente posteriores a las que introducen un sustantivo o un adjetivo y, además, que resultan ser las más susceptibles de un proceso de gramaticalización.
Aproximación al estudio de los grafemas para la consonante palatal nasal en el romance navarro del siglo XIII
Authors: Hernández Justo José Santos
Published: March 2022

Aparentemente, la dialectología tradicional ha venido considerando el plano gráfico de menor importancia respecto al resto. Esto ha provocado que, a pesar de encontrar un número importante de estudios en los que se da noticia de los grafemas, el análisis llevado a cabo haya resultado un tanto asistemático y se haya venido destacando lo marcado sobre lo habitual. En este trabajo nos proponemos dar cuenta de forma fidedigna de lo que, hasta el momento, han mostrado los diferentes estudiosos sobre los grafemas empleados en el romance navarro del siglo XIII para representar la consonante palatal nasal, uno de los fonemas cuya graficación parece más heterogénea. Es importante señalar que este trabajo no es una obra definitoria de los grafemas para la palatal nasal en el romance navarro sino una aproximación a su análisis. Para ello, hemos recopilado todas las obras que incluyen estudios sobre el plano gráfico de este romance en el siglo XIII y hemos ordenado todos los grafemas que documentan los autores para la palatal nasal según su frecuencia, tanto en cada fuente como en el conjunto. Se recogen en total 253 documentaciones en 18 grafemas en el periodo estudiado. Los dos más ejemplificados son yn, ynn, seguidos de nn, n, gn. Estos cinco grafemas suponen en conjunto el 80 % de las representaciones. Queda pendiente un estudio en profundidad de los textos analizados en las obras que determine si la distribución de los grafemas mostrada por los autores se corresponde a la realidad documental del conjunto.
Spilanthes Radicans Jacq. (Asteraceae)- A Lesser known plant from Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Vaishya Jeetendra , Ansari Anis , Dubey Nawal
Published: March 2022

Spilanthes radicans Jacq., a lesser known plant species is described and illustrated.
Climate change in relation to agriculture: A review
Authors: Liaqat Waqas , Barutçular Celaleddin , Farooq Muhammad U. , Ahmad Haseeb , Jan Muhammad F. , Ahmad Zahoor , Nawaz Haq , Li Ming
Published: March 2022

Climate change is among the most crucial concerns of the world. It is a serious threat to the global agriculture and its overall impact on global agriculture is yet not clear. A rise of 2.5-4.5◦C is expected in the global temperature until the end of 21st century. The amount of greenhouse gases particularly CO2 is increasing at an alarming rate and is enhancing the plant photosynthesis and productivity. However, this increase in productivity is counteract by the more negative effects of climate change on agriculture like increased evapotranspiration, drought, floods, changes in the amount and distribution of rainfall, higher pest infestations and more irrigation demand. Climate change also affects the nutrients availability and efficiency by influencing microbial activities and population in the soil. Therefore, adaptation of agriculture sector to the changing climate is indispensable because of its sensitivity and size. This review is aimed to document the possible impacts of climate change on agriculture, its causes and future projections. Some strategies are also advised to mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases, to reduce the negative impacts of climate change on agriculture and to make new policies keeping in view their broader consequences on agriculture.
Morphophysiology, growth indices, and fruiting of pumpkin in response to organic amendments
Authors:   Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Khandaker Mohammad Moneruzzaman , Azani Shaiera ,   Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Majrashi Ali ,   Faculty of Science, Taif University, Alenazi Mekhled Mutiran ,   College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Saifuddin Mohammed ,   Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Chittagong, Mohd Khamsah Suryati ,   Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Adnan Ahmad Faris Mohd ,   Faculty of Science, University of Malaya
Published: March 2022

A field study was carried out to examine the effects of organic amendment on the morpho-physiology, growth indices, and fruiting of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) plants. The pumpkin seedlings were raised in polybags and treated without fertilizer (control), cow dung, goat dung, poultry dung, vermicompost, compost, and inorganic fertilizer (NPK). The results showed that poultry dung and cow dung treatments significantly increased the length of vine, leaf number, leaf area, and leaf dry weight of pumpkin plants. Poultry dung treatment increased the absolute growth rate (AGR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf area duration (LAD), and fresh plant biomass by 345%, 287%, 770%, 384%, 415%, and 1139%, respectively over the control plants. Poultry dung treatment also increased the internode length and initiated flowers earlier than the control. Petiole length, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content were 5.59, 1.49, and 1.41 times higher with NPK treatment compared to the control group. In addition, poultry dung treatment increased the female flower number, male-female flower ratio, number of fruits, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit circumference, fruit length, and flesh thickness by 350%, 30%, 300%, 100%, 80%, 80%, 67%, and 105%, respectively, over the control plants. From this study, it can be concluded that poultry dung treatment enhanced the vegetative and reproductive growth, plant physiology, fruiting, and quality of pumpkin.
Gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and photochemical efficiency of sesame under salt stress and phosphate fertilization
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Dias Adaan Sudario , Lima Geovani Soares de ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Silva Saulo Soares da ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Soares Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Chaves Lúcia Helena Garofalo ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Gheyi Hans Raj ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Lacerda Cassiano Nogueira de ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Fernandes Pedro Dantas ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
Published: March 2022

Salt stress is a threat to irrigated agriculture, especially in semi-arid regions, as it can cause irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus at any stage of plant development, reducing chlorophyll biosynthesis, which compromises the photochemical efficiency and the photosynthetic process of plants. In this respect, phosphorus fertilization stands out as an alternative to mitigate the effects of salt stress on plants. Therefore, the present study investigated the growth, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and photochemical efficiency of sesame cv. BRS Seda irrigated with saline water and fertilized with phosphorus. The experiment was carried out in pots adapted as lysimeters in a greenhouse in Pombal - PB, Brazil. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks and analyzed in a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement with five levels of electrical conductivity of water (ECw: 0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1) and four phosphorus rates (40, 70, 100, and 130% of the recommended dose for pot trials), in three replicates. The 100% recommendation consisted of applying 300 mg P2O5 kg-1 of soil. Sesame growth, chloroplast pigments, and gas exchange decreased with water salinity above 0.3 dS m-1. The application of 100 and 130% of the recommended phosphorus rate minimized the effects of salt stress on CO2 assimilation rate and photosynthetic pigment synthesis. The increase from 40 to 130% of the recommended phosphorus rate did not change the photochemical efficiency of sesame cv. BRS Seda at 60 days after sowing.
THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: THE CASE OF INSTAGRAM
Authors: Oruç Zemzem , Aydın Mehmet N
Published: March 2022

Understanding consumer behavior and decisions on e-commerce are vital. Well-defined consumer behavior and investigating what influences that behavior on an online shopping journey is a key for an online seller. However, having insights on what affects consumer behavior and understanding the relationship among content and user is a complex problem. There are various aspects of social media content in this process that mediates the decisions and behavior of customers. This paper investigates consumer behavior in connection with social media content from the media richness theory perspective. In particular, the changes in the content and its effects on consumer engagement and interaction were analyzed by considering the changes in engagement rates and the number of interactions. For empirical testing, a case study is conducted in a start-up e-commerce company, called Freja Silver. The variations of content have been analyzed and data-driven results have been evaluated.