bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
YÜKSEK YAPILARIN TASARIMLARININ VE YAPIM TEKNİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ARI Ahmet Cihat
Published: August 2021

With the increase of the population recently, changes have occurred in the design and construction techniques of the buildings due to the insufficient building stock. With the development of science and technology, new construction techniques have emerged in the construction and design of structures. In the global population increase, high-rise buildings were built to meet the need for shelter and these structures were built with the development of technology. However, high-rise buildings have become the symbol of technological development for countries and cities. Since the 21st century, the construction of high-rise buildings in cities with different designs and new construction techniques has provided the development of architecture and engineering. It is important to design high-rise buildings in accordance with the culture and texture of the city. In addition, high-rise buildings should be built as structures resistant to natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires and floods. For this reason, the design and construction techniques of high-rise buildings have become a research subject in the field of architecture and engineering. The aim of this study is to examine the designs and construction techniques of high-rise buildings. In the first part of the study, the concept of high rise building and its historical development are discussed. In the second part of the study, the designs and construction techniques of high-rise buildings are investigated. In addition, the study was conducted to examine the high structure by giving examples from the world and Turkey. Within the scope of the study, literature researches such as domestic and international articles, books, published theses, web resources were conducted and data were collected. As a result of the examinations made within the scope of the study, it is important to select the building materials in accordance with the characteristics of the building materials in the design and construction techniques of high-rise buildings with the development of technology. Therefore, the architect should know the properties of the materials in the design of high-rise buildings and use them in accordance with the properties of the material in the construction of the buildings. In addition, increasing the height of the building by making aerodynamic designs in high buildings reduces the effect of the wind speed.
APPLICATION OF ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING IN THE IVF DEPARTMENT
Authors: YABANA KİREMİT Birgül , DİKMETAŞ YARDAN Elif
Published: August 2021

Activity-based costing (ABC) is a method where the costing of the product or service produced is performed on the basis of the activities. This method provides advantages to healthcare managers such as more realistic cost information, elimination of indirect, unnecessary and time-consuming activities and performance measurement. The aim of this study is to examine the applicability of ABC method in health institutions and to compare the calculated costs with the HIN price list. With this aim, the costs of the procedure of IVF center in a university hospital were calculated with the ABC method. Cost calculations for the procedures of Oocyte Pick-Up (OPU), Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE), Embryo Transfer (ET) and Microinjection as discussed in the study were made with the ABC method and compared against the Healthcare Implementation Notification (HIN) system price lists. The calculated costs were determined according to the effective exchange rate of the dollar. It was revealed that the calculated costs differed from the price list. Finally, the findings suggest that ABC method could provide significant benefit for healthcare managers not only for to understand actual care costs but also to improving the cost control efforts as well as to planning the profitability analysis for hospitals. ABC method would provide a better opportunity and competitive for hospital managers to make a more accurate comparison between their and other health institutions.
POSTMODERN REKLAM AFİŞİ TASARIMI
Authors: PİLİCİ Elanur
Published: August 2021

The history of the art of graphic design and posters goes back to cave drawings during the Stone Age. Graphic design and posters are based on social needs and change in different stages of social development. They are now enjoying one of the apexes of their development. The art of graphic and poster design which developed and evolved in the historical and social development process, has taken on new dimensions during the transition from the modern to the postmodern period in accordance with the needs of our society of consumption and by using the technical/technological tools and methods within this period. In particular, the invention of the printing press, lithography, and the Industrial Revolution have led to great leaps in the art of graphic and poster design as in all other areas of life. Computer and digital technologies that were first developed in the middle of the 20th century almost brought about a revolution in the art of graphic and poster design. These great breakthroughs caused technical and technological innovations and changed the art of graphic design. While education in graphic design acquired an institutional dimension, its aims and objectives were transformed. Discussions of postmodernism, new forms of relationship, concepts and schools are reflected in the art. Relationships between postmodernism and graphic design, poster styles categorized as postmodern and advertising culture have caused new debates. Advertisements and advertising posters have acquired new forms to meet the needs of today’s consumer society, which are getting more and more complex. Its dynamics have changed posters and advertising. This study discusses the evolution of the art of graphic and poster design within the whole historical and social development process, its dimensions, postmodernism and striking examples of postmodern advertising posters.
POSTMODERN SOCİETY AND ITS INDİCATORS: A NEW INTERPRETATİON BYUNG CHUL HAN
Authors: SELİM Ferdi
Published: August 2021

Every age has its own crises and illnesses. These crises are the result of general attitudes of people in that age. Concentration of interest and curiosity in one direction and accordingly development of behaviours have led to the loss of the virtue of being moderate and to occur extremism in a different direction. Humankind, having discovered to find the middle way, has often turned into nature. Some philosophers investigating these disorders wanted to explain some mechanisms through this common nature with reference to various similarities or biological and psychological illations. To put it more accurately, these unusual illnesses affecting large numbers of people generally either directly affected social structures or indirectly affected them. This effect has been taken so far by some philosophers that they wanted to organise jointly that structures by means of creating an analogy between these structures to which they establish a relationship. They even thought that these structures could be arranged with similar behaviour and, in particular, they thought the findings which can be extracted from the human organism, the first of these, could be transferred to the structure of the state and society. One of the important philosophers of age, Byung Chul Han, analyzes the process from the detection of these diseases until a solution offer, on the basis of many historical examples. In this regard, the philosopher who made noumenal and appropriate determinations paves the way for a new philosophical ground that will enable the understanding of today's society and politics. Here, in this study, illnesses intrinsic to the age created by the postmodern situation have been discussed with reference to the thoughts of Han and the rich and wide content presented by these thoughts.
THE RESEARCH LITERATURE, EFFECTS OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL ON THE QUANTITATİVE AND QUALITATIVE PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS IN TURKEY
Authors: ALTUNOK Bahar
Published: August 2021

Globalization, technological developments, changes in social preferences and the fact that customers become more accessible to better with cheaper prices have changed the nature of competition for businesses in the process of transition from industrial society to knowledge economy. In this competitive environment, intellectual capital is defined as the greatest competitive power for businesses. Because intellectual capital is special and unique to every business and it is the invisible assets of businesses that are known only by their own employees, covering the knowledge and skills of the employees. And businesses with intellectual capital develop and use their intellectual capital effectively; However, they can make a difference to their competitors and add value to themselves in today's competitive market. In this study, the studies are examined which made in the YÖK Thesis Center regarding the effects of intellectual capital and its sub-main factors on business performance and the importance of intellectual capital for businesses has been tried to be shown. In the studies examined, the result has been reached that intellectual capital has a positive effect on business performance.
A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE GRADUATE THESES ON “TOY”
Authors: GÜNCAN Özlem
Published: September 2021

On the one hand, toy is considered as a miniaturized form of objects used by adult people, on the other hand, it refers to materials used as a game tool. However, while the tools used by adult people in their plays are accepted as play materials; the tools that children use while playing play function as toys. In this respect, the toy is the most important part of the child’s plays. For this reason, in this study, the materials used by children in their plays have been accepted as toys and the study has been conducted in this direction. In recent years, with the importance of the child in the tourism sector, child-friendly tourism and child-friendley hotels have been investigated in the tourism literature. Within the scope of this research, the literature review method has been used as a data collection tool and the scans have been conducted in the context of the words “toy”, “play material”, “play object” and “play tool”. By scanning, 100 master and doctoral theses in the database of the Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center and open to access have been reached, and these graduate theses have been subjected to bibliometric analysis. This analysis has been carried out in line with the data parameters specified for bibliometric analysis in the literature. The analysis process was carried out between 13 January and 27 January 2021, and the Excel file was used in the analysis. The findings obtained as a result of the analysis are presented in six stages in the study. According to the results obtained in line with the findings, the importance given to toys has increased with each passing year, toy has become a multidisciplinary study subject and has been subject to different study areas. However, despite the importance of children in tourism and the subject of toys in many different fields, it has been observed that the subject of toys has not yet been reflected in the graduate theses written in Tourism Management Departments. Therefore, this study is expected to be a guide for the tourism field.
ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KODLAMAYA YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Akkuş Ali , BİLGİN Enes Abdurrahman
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to determine middle school students' attitudes towards coding. For this purpose, a study was conducted on 120 students studying in a state secondary school in Eastern Anatolia. In addition, the study investigated how students' attitudes towards coding differ in terms of their desire to take courses, their gender, class level and economic level. In the study, an attitude scale towards coding developed by Akkuş, Özhan, and Kan (2019) was used to collect data. Easily accessible case sampling, one of the non-random sampling methods, was used in the study. All data collected from the participants were analyzed according to the 5% significance level. According to the results of the research, it was observed that 73% of the students' attitudes towards coding were positive. In addition, it was found that most of the students (82%) wanted to take coding courses. In addition, the attitude scores of the willing group were found to be statistically significantly higher. On the other hand, it was concluded that gender does not have an effect on attitude towards coding. Similarly, there was no difference in terms of scale scores between the groups divided according to grade level. Finally, it was understood that the economic level of the students did not have any effect on their coding attitude scores.
HATİCE SULTAN (NEŞETÂBÂD) SARAYI GRAVÜRÜ ÖRNEKLEMİNDE DEĞİŞEN İSTANBUL KÜLTÜRÜ
Authors: GEYİK Nazlı Ece , BİLİK Musa
Published: September 2021

The fact that the Ottoman Empire was an exotic and mysterious Eastern country has been an important issue that has great meaning for Western orientalist engraving artists. The natural landscape, topographic image, mosques, palaces, daily life and the Bosphorus of Istanbul which is the capital of the Empire, were important elements that lived in the engravings of many painters. After going to Europe, many of these painters turned their paintings into an album with the technique of Engraving. These albums have survived to the present day as a historical document introducing the socio-cultural life of the Ottoman Empire. 18. in the century, Sultan III. During Selim's period, there were serious changes and transformations in the cultural sense. During this period, the Ottoman palace opened its doors to Western artists, and a culture that developed under the influence of the West began to gain a place, especially in Istanbul. In this article, after briefly mentioning the history of Engraving art, information is given about the life of the Orientalist Painter Melling, who grew up under the influence of the Renaissance period in Europe and turned his face to the East. After mentioning the artist's work as a painter and architect in Istanbul, his relationship with Hatice Sultan, the sister of Sultan Selim III, and the dimensions of this relationship were evaluated. It is aimed to examine the change and transformation of the palace and the socio-cultural structure of the period through the Neşetabad Palace engraving made by Melling.
KLASİK TÜRK EDEBİYATINDA ARUZ KALIPLARININ İSİMLERİYLE BİRLİKTE VERİLMESİ KONUSUNDA METALİ’ÜN NEZA’İR’İN II. CİLDİNDEN HAREKETLE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: KALYON Abuzer
Published: September 2021

Peşteli Hüseyin Hisali is known as Budinli or Peşteli Hisâlî. Little is known about his life in the sources. His most important contribution to Ottoman literature is the magazine called Metâli'ü'n-nezâ'ir, which he composed in two volumes with his own handwriting. It is an inevitable neces-sity to make use of magazines in order to make the history of Turkish literature fully formed. The divan or divançes of many poets who made significant contributions to the classical Turkish literature were either not created or survived. In order to reach the poets of these poets and to make evaluations about them, it is necessary to examine the magazines. In the last ten years, academic studies and publications have been made on classical Turkish literature poems or ma-gazines containing only couplets or mufra. This situation is undoubtedly gratifying. We believe that both volumes of Metâli'ü'n-nezâ'ir are noteworthy in terms of containing the poetry examp-les of hundreds of poets of classical Turkish literature. In this two-volume magazine, there are matla examples of Turkish poetry, of poets of Turkish literature that developed in the Ottoman geography and outside the Ottoman geography. There are a total of 27,310 couplets with matte in both volumes of the magazine. This is important in terms of exemplifying and exhibiting an important accumulation. They adopted the Arab and Persian culture-literature styles, which the Turks recognized immediately after their acceptance of Islam, and adapted them to their own literatures. One of these common features of Islamic literatures is the measure of prosody. Metâli'ü'n-nezâ gives important clues about what the full-fledged names of the measure of aruz used in classical Turkish poetry are. In 2011, at Gazi University Institute of Social Sciences, Prof. Dr. Peşteli Hisâlî Metâliü'n-nezâ'ir (Second - Volume) Examination - Text, which we pre-pared under the consultancy of Ahmet Mermer, is included in the full-fledged names of the pro-sody patterns in our doctoral thesis. In this study, which we prepared by making use of our the-sis and other sources, the prosody patterns used in Classical Turkish literature were given toget-her with their names.
STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMI- AND THIOSEMICARBAZONES OF CARBONYL DERIVATIVES OF 4-BUTANOLIDES
Authors: Ghochikyan Tariel V. , Galstyan Armen S. , Stepanyan Hrachik M. , Korpakova Irina G. , Kinzirsky Alexander S.
Published: September 2021

Based on carbonyl derivatives of 4-substituted-4-butanolides, the appropriate semi- and thiosemicarbazones have been synthesized. It has been found that some representatives of thiosemicarbazones have pronounced algicidal activity against filamentous green alga Cladophora and blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Synechocystis and some of the semi- and thiosemicarbazones exhibit moderate antitumor activity. The assessment of the antitumor activity of the compounds was carried out using strains of syngeneic and allogeneic tumor systems as test-objects: lymphocytic leukemia P-388, Lewis lung carcinoma, B16 melanoma and Ehrlich’s ascites tumor. It has also been established that some representatives of thiosemi­carbazones exhibit antimutagenic properties. It has been reliably proven that with the formation of a thiazole ring, all properties disappear and a new property in the series of thiazololactones is revealed – antibacterial․
STUDY OF ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF THE COMPLEXES OF BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN WITH HOECHST 33258 AND METHYLENE BLUE
Authors: Petrosyan Nara H.
Published: September 2021

The study on the interaction of DNA-specific low-molecular compounds – groove binding material Hoechst 33258 and intercalating ligand methylene blue (MB) with serum albumin has been carried out. The absorption and differential absorption spectra of complexes of the mentioned ligands with protein were obtained. Changes of the absorption and differential absorption spectra indicate the binding of two ligands with albumin. The obtained results indicate that at the interaction with both ligands, the conformational state of the protein alters, though these changes are not similar, since in the case of MB a compactization of the protein folding occurs, while in the case of Hoechst 33258, most apparently, an unfolding of the compact structure takes place as a result of partial loss of helicity of $\alpha$-structures.
AN ANALYSIS OF SLANG LANGUAGE IN SONG LYRICS USED BY “AVRIL LAVIGNE”
Authors: Saputri Wulan Sari
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study are to find out slang language in song lyrics used by Avril Lavigne tofind out the meaning of the slang language in song lyrics used by Avril Lavigne. This study concernwith the analysis slang language in Avril Lavigne song lyrics. This study is descriptive qualitative.The data classified based on word formation processes according to Yule's theory (2010). In thedata analysis the writer applied qualitative. Method and focused on content analysis. The analysisstarted on January 2020 until July 2020. This final project based on a study which attemps to findslang language in Avril Lavigne Song lyrics, and know the types slang language used in AvrilLavigne song lyrics. The results of study, the slang language words of the song Avril Lavigne alsoinfluenced by some of word formation, there are twelve type of slang word formation. There areCoinage, Compounding, Clipping, Blending, Borrowing, Back formation, Acronyms, Multipleprocess, Affixes (Prefix, Infix, Suffix). There are four types of slang language were identified basedon the findings used in Avril Lavigne song lyrics found 4 clipping, 10 blending, 2 compounding,and 1 Back formation . Based on the research, the process of blending is the most common processthat is found in Avril Lavigne song.
Implementation of MBKM and the Relationship of Curriculum Policy based on a Case of EFL Education in Japan
Authors: Rohiyatussakinah Ina
Published: August 2021

The current trend of globalization and development in information technology had boosted the new curriculum of Merdeka Belajar, Kampus Merdeka (MBKM), which has become a universal issue in higher education at several universities in Indonesia. In this demanding and challenging information era in which we live, EFL instruction at higher education institutions needs to offer the students more than general proficiency in English. However, it is not an easy task to design a curriculum at the university level to address these issues. The aim of the research to design a communicative language teaching program developed for teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) at X University. It aims to illustrate the rationale and process of designing a flexible curriculum for university students. This study used a Qualitative research design to present the data. The result clearly showed about The curriculum presented in this paper is intended to be a model for teaching EFL or other foreign languages at higher education institutions based on the case of EFL education in Japan related to MBKM, still relevant to adopt Japan Education policy in our Higher educational program most of them need communicative language teaching for their proficiency in English at higher educational level.
The INFLUENCE OF YOUTUBE BASED VIDEO TOWARD STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL IN RECOUNT TEXT
Authors: Nuraida Ida
Published: August 2021

The objective of this research was to find out if there is a significant influence of YouTube based video toward students’ achievement in writing recount text. This research is used quasi experimental design. The population of this research was the first students of SMK Daruttaibin Ciwadas Pabuaran. The cluster random sampling was used to take the sample. The sample was two classes, X Pemasaran 1 as the experimental class and X Pemasaran 2 as the control class. The experimental class consisted of 22 students and the control class consisted of 20 students. The instrument of collecting data was pre-test and post-test. From the data analysis, the student’s score of the experimental class in the post test was higher than the students in the pre-test. The mean score of posttest in the experimental class 74.7 was higher than mean score of the control class 67.5. It was found that the result statistic calculation, it was obtained that the value of Tvalue was 1.94 and degree of freedom (df) is 40. In the table of significance 0.05 the value of the significance was 1.68, comparing those values, the result was 1.94>1.68 which means Tvalue score. It means that there is significant influence toward students’ writing skill between the students who were taught using YouTube based video and those who were not. In conclusion, the Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.
Knowledge of Substance Abuse among Adolescents
Authors:   Professor, Head of Department of  Paediatric Nursing, Narayan Nursing College, GNSU, Rohtas, Bihar. India., Singh Dr. Sapna
Published: September 2021

Substance abuse disorder is among the leading public health problems in modern day world as they cause enormous human suffering in terms of morbidity, mortality and economic loss; and threatens the very social fabric of almost all communities around the world and such a great threat to the global health, economy and peace. The aim of study was to assess the level of knowledge and to find out the association between the knowledge of substance abuse and its consequences among adolescents with their selected demographic variables at selected colleges in Jamuhar Sasaram. The Methodology of this study was Non experimental survey approach, the target population for the study was the adolescents under the age group of 16-20 years. Total 100 samples were selected using the convenient sampling technique. Tool consists of two sections which includes socio demographic variables and self-structured knowledge questionnaire regarding substance abuse and its consequences among adolescents. Results shows that the Level of knowledge among adolescent of the age group between 16-20 years regarding substance abuse and its consequences revealed that 84% adolescents had good knowledge and 16% adolescents had average knowledge. There was Statistical significant association between the knowledge and sociodemographic variables such as types of family, family monthly income and previous knowledge of substance abuse and its consequences. There was positive correlation between level of knowledge and its consequences among adolescents (r = 0.0583). The study concluded that adolescents having good knowledge regarding substance abuse and its consequences.
Efecto del método lúdico en el desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa en niños de una institución educativa inicial de Oxapampa-Perú
Authors: Rapray Laveriano Carmen Cecilia , Ferrer Quispe Carlos Manuel , López Marrufo Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2021

En esta investigación de diseño pre-experimental, se enfatizó en resolver la problemática del desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa a partir de la aplicación del método lúdico en escolares de 4 años de una institución educativa del nivel inicial. Se consideró enfoques teóricos esenciales como los de Claparede y Piaget. En este sentido, se desarrolló un conjunto organizado de experiencias de aprendizaje, con una población muestral constituida por 20 alumnos de 4 años de educación inicial y se utilizó como instrumento una lista de cotejo validada mediante juicio de expertos. El principal resultado fue que se observó una mejora sustancial en los escolares sujetos de la investigación en la diferencia de medias entre el postest y el pretest, cuya sig.= 0.00, se concluye, entonces, que el método lúdico tuvo un efecto favorable en el desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa en los niños de 4 años de la muestra, pues se evidenció que el 85% de los niños obtuvo el nivel Logrado.
Método de proyectos y aprendizaje de la oratoria en estudiantes de sexto grado de primaria de Hualahoyo – Huancayo
Authors: Flores Poma Irina Giovanna , Cárdenas Valverde Elí Juan , Cárdenas Valverde Juan Carlos
Published: August 2021

Poder hablar frente a un público en edad escolar, es difícil, sin embargo, el desarrollo de la oralidad en estudiantes del nivel primaria permitió plantear como objetivo conocer la influencia del método de proyectos en el aprendizaje de la oratoria en estudiantes del sexto grado de primaria. La investigación realizada fue de tipo aplicada en un nivel explicativo, para lo cual tomó una muestra de 19 discentes del sexto grado de primaria. Los instrumentos pasaron por la validez y con fiabilidad antes de la aplicación. Se empleó la prueba chi cuadrado rechazando la hipótesis nula y aceptando la hipótesis alterna. Concluyendo que el método de proyectos tiene influencia significativa en el aprendizaje de la oratoria en estudiantes del sexto grado de primaria de una institución educativa de Hualahoyo-Huancayo.
Market Trends and Options Trading: Viewpoint, Probability and Implications
Authors: Wu Monica Guling , Hsu Hsinan , Wang Janchung
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In Dow theory, market trends are classified as secular trends for long-term frames, primary trends for medium-term frames, and secondary trends for short-term frames. For the long and medium terms, they can consist of major bull (bear) markets and minor bear (bull) markets; for the short terms, they may have corrections and bear rallies. These definitions of market trends are not very helpful to options traders because in practice, options trading is often done on a short-term time frame and options have a unique property of time value. Even in a bull market, there is a possibility of losing all money for buying call options; in a bear market, there is a probability of earning money for buying call options. This inconsistency often troubles options traders deeply. From the viewpoint of options trading, we introduce a new concept of analyzing the market trends and propose new methods for estimating the probabilities of the market trends since at any time the future prices are unknown. By simplifying the market trends into three concepts of uptrend, downtrend, and neutral trend, it will have consistent implications for options trading.

JEL classification numbers: C13, G10, G13.

Keywords: Market trends, Options trading, Trend probability, Estimation methods, Trading implications.
Form and substance in the Constitutional Court: Whither contract law’s policy after apartheid?
Authors: Barnard-Naudé Jaco
Published: September 2021

This article enquires into commitments of substance and form in contract law after apartheid. The argument begins with an overview of the substance and form argument as presented by Duncan Kennedy in 1976 and applied to the South African law of contract by Alfred Cockrell in 1992. Kennedy and Cockrell’s argument that commitments of form follow commitments of substance in private-law adjudication generally, and in contract-law adjudication specifically, is mapped onto Karl Klare’s 1998 argument that transformative constitutionalism necessitates a commitment to the ‘postliberal’ in both formal and substantive terms. The argument then proceeds to a reading of the majority judgment in the Constitutional Court in Beadica 231 CC & others v Trustees for the time being of the Oregon Trust & others. The discussion illustrates how form still follows substance in the South African law of contract in a constitutional era, and how the privileged policy position remains that of rule-based formal commitments and individualist substantive commitments. The article concludes with the assertion that the dominance of the individualism/rules position is inconsistent with transformative constitutionalism’s commitment to a postliberal legal order.
A critique on privately prosecuting the holder of ‘after the fact’ environmental authorisations: Uzani Environmental Advocacy CC v BP Southern Africa (Pty) LtdA critique on privately prosecuting the holder of ‘after the fact’ environmental authorisations: Uzani Environmental Advocacy CC v BP Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd
Authors: Strydom Melissa
Published: September 2021

There has been much debate about ‘after the fact’ environmental authorisations and the ability to privately prosecute environmental-law offences in South Africa. These two issues came to a head in Uzani Environmental Advocacy CC v BP Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd. This case is the first known private prosecution of environmental-law contraventions in South Africa. BP Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd (‘BPSA’) was privately prosecuted for constructing filling stations without environmental authorisations, allegedly between 1998 and 2005. BPSA submitted ‘rectification’ applications in 2005, paid administrative fines, and was issued with ‘after the fact’ environmental authorisations. Nevertheless, in 2019 BPSA was convicted for contravening the related environmental-law requirement. This article discusses the applicable legislative context, the complex and frequently changing environmental laws, and their interpretation and application in a criminal context. Criticisms of the Uzani judgment include that the court did not sufficiently deliberate or determine the applicable law at the time of the offences for which BPSA was indicted; the public or environmental interest served by the private prosecution; strict liability in relation to the offence; policy and other considerations for not prosecuting these offences; constitutionality and admissibility of the evidence; and the potentially far-reaching consequences of such prosecutions. These issues all act as reminders of the importance of clear and precise legislative drafting, and contextual interpretation.
Sensible Use(rs) and the Construction of Self-Identity in Research Interviews
Authors: Huisman Martijn , Cuelenaere Eduard , Joye Stijn , Biltereyst Daniël
Published: September 2021

As a much-used data collection method in qualitative research, interviewing is a primary way to make sense of social life. However, critics point out that interviews are often used uncritically and unreflectively, without considering epistemological foundations and self-presentation efforts by interviewees. By way of a two-step, theory-driven qualitative thematic analysis, this study examines how Belgian middle-aged and older adults (51-79 years old) construct their self-identity in research interviews as sensible internet users with regards to online health information (OHI) and their motivations for doing so. The findings are underpinned by a theoretical framework which enhances impression management (IM) theory with the third-person effect (TPE). The study finds that respondents engage in various IM behaviours, including instances of the TPE, to maximise positive impressions and minimise negative impressions. Through IM, interviewees 1) respond to critical questions; 2) proactively demonstrate knowledge, accomplishments, and positive outcomes; 3) compare and distance oneself from others; and 4) communicate limitations and offer external explanations. The findings contribute to the scant literature on IM in research interviews and among older adults and carry various implications for the field of health communication and beyond, such as the importance of critically reflecting on interviewing and going beyond the face value of the data.
Gastroenterological manifestations of COVID-19: first generalizations
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Pimanov Sergey , Dikareva Elena ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University
Published: September 2021

The aim of the work was to review current data on the damage to the gastrointestinal tract and liver in case of COVID-19 infection, its effect on the management of patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and chronic liver diseases during a pandemic. Gastroenterological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 occur in about a quarter of cases and are associated with a severe course of the disease. Liver damage is detected in more than a third (according to many data – in half) of patients and is a predictor of severe infection and an increased risk of death. The main objective of international recommendations is the prevention of COVID-19 disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and chronic liver disease. Treatment with large doses of systemic corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and the use of biological therapy increases the risk of severe COVID-19 in case of infection. Patients with liver cirrhosis and coronavirus infection have a high risk of fatal decompensation of the liver disease.
COVID-19 pandemic challenges for dermatology
Authors:   Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dvoryankova Evgenia
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 pandemic posed a number of new formidable challenges to medical community. Dermatologists have not only to detect, define and reverse the new coronavirus infection cutaneus manifestations, but also to provide medical assistance to colleagues with occupational dermatitis due to personal protective equipment use. Moreover, it is necessary to provide quality medical care to patients with acute and chronic dermatosis given the limitations of present pandemic situation.
Layanan Dasar Bimbingan Dan Konseling untuk Peningkatan Survival And Safety Skills Siswa
Authors: Putri Vany Dwi , Nakhma’ussolikhah Nakhma’ussolikhah
Published: September 2021

Survival and Safety Skills is a skill that must be acquired by every individual. One way to improve survival and safety skills is to provide a guidance curriculum of guidance and counseling. The goal of the research is to obtain the depiction of the students’ survival and safety skills which will be the basis to develop the guidance curriculum. A quantitative approach with descriptive methods was used in the research. The instrument in the study was questionnaire in form of scale that was developed based on indicators of junior high school students’ survival and safety skills from Comprehensive School Counseling Program Guide 2009. The population of the study was all eighth grade students of SMP Miftahul Iman in Academic Year 2018/2019. The results showed that the level of the students’ survival and safety skills was in the adequate category. The developed basic guidance was developed based on the the processed data. Based on the study, it is recommended for the school to work with other parties, including students’ parents, to improve the students’ survival and safety skills. Counselors can collaborate with the school, homeroom teachers, and other teachers in order to gather information related to the students’survival and safety skills.

Keywords: Survival and Safety Skills; Students of SMP; Guidance Curriculum Of Guidance And Counseling.

Abstrak

Survival and Safety Skills adalah suatu keterampilan yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap individu. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan survival and safety skills adalah dengan memberikan layanan dasar bimbingan dan konseling. Tujuan penelian adalah memperoleh survival and safety skills siswa yang dijadikan landasan dalam pembuatan layanan dasar bimbingan dan konseling. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Alat pengukuran data adalah kuiseoner berbentuk skala yang dikembangkan berdasarkan indikator  survival and safety skills untuk SMP dari  Comprehensive School Counseling Program Guide 2009. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Miftahul Iman Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat survival and safety skills yang dimiliki siswa berada pada kategori cukup. Layanan dasar yang dikembangkan disesuaikan dengan hasil pengolahan data yang telah dilakukan. Secara umum, survival and safety skills siswa berada pada kategori cukup. Rekomendasi penelitian ditujukan bagi pihak sekolah agar dapat melakukan kerjasama yang baik dengan pihak luar maupun orang tua untuk meningkatkan survival and safety skills siswa. Guru BK dapat melakukan bekerjasama dengan pihak sekolah, wali kelas dan guru mata pelajaran untuk mengumpulan informasi terkait survival and safety skills siswa.

Kata Kunci: Survival and Safety Skills; Siswa SMP; Layanan Dasar Bimbingan dan Konseling.
O DEPOIMENTO DE UM CUSTODIADO E SUAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS NO AMBITO ESCOLAR PRISIONAL
Authors: BOONE MARUZA , Mattedi Tomazi Almeida Micheline
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em mostrar como é construída a representação social (RS) de um custodiado que cumpre pena por ordenamento jurídico. De forma mais específica propomos analisar o seu depoimento para verificar como ele representa a si mesmo, a sociedade e o ensino dentro da prisão. A partir do discurso desse ator social, acreditamos que podemos entender a construção de sua RS, além de refletirmos sobre os seus modelos mentais e as representações genéricas que, embora estejam na voz de um indivíduo, podem evidenciar o grupo do qual ele faz parte. Para isso, valemo-nos dos parâmetros teóricos de Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD), de van Dijk, bem como dos aspectos metodológicos dessa teoria. O resultado da análise discursiva demonstrou que o ambiente escolar pode possibilitar ao custodiado nova perspectiva de vida, o que englobaria trabalho, família, convívio social; não obstante a consciência de segregações e preconceitos sociais.
PROCESSO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DE REFERENTES NO TEXTO
Authors: Ferreira Neto José Alves
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a natureza sociocognitiva da construção dos referentes nos textos. Para a realização deste trabalho, seguimos o pressuposto de que a ação de referir se constitui como uma atividade em que a realidade é reconstruída mediante o processo de interação, com base nas atividades sociocognitivas empreendidas pelos interlocutores. Estabelecemos como questão principal de nosso estudo analisar como as expressões referenciais e as demais pistas linguísticas que auxiliam na construção dos processos referenciais evidenciam a natureza sociocognitiva do fenômeno da referenciação. Em nossa análise, examinamos a natureza eminentemente sociocognitiva do fenômeno da referenciação em três textos pertencentes ao gênero piada. Concluímos, com a análise dos textos, que o processo referencial é essencialmente sociocognitivo, uma vez que os aspectos sociais e o aparato cognitivo se entrelaçam na compreensão dos textos, o que demarca o caráter essencialmente dinâmico do processo. Para a realização deste estudo, adotamos como pressupostos teóricos os postulados da referenciação, conforme, sobretudo, Mondada e Dubois (2003), Cavalcante (2012), Custódio Filho (2011) e Cavalcante, Custódio Filho e Brito (2014).
SIMULACRO DE ARGUMENTAÇÃO: O MEME COMO NEUTRALIZADOR DE CONFLITO NO TWITTER
Authors: Damasceno-morais Ruben , Álvares Dias Luiza
Published: August 2021

Em 2018, a polarização política fez com que as redes sociais se tornassem palco para discussões/dissensões a respeito da política do país. Apesar disso, o mundo virtual possibilita a troca e exposição de opiniões. Em alguns conflitos, observou-se o uso do humor para amenizar ou inflar o desacordo. Neste artigo, extraímos um diálogo da rede social Twitter em que o humor foi concentrado em um meme, material imagético ou audiovisual que possui conteúdo humorístico e se caracteriza por se tornar “viral”, compartilhado rapidamente pelo maior número de pessoas na internet. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa qualitativa foi analisar a função do meme neste episódio. Para isso, utilizamos a teoria dialogal de Christian Plantin (2016), em que a interação é primordial para a existência de um conflito/estase. Com isso, verificamos a presença da estase, cuja progressão foi balizada pelo conteúdo do meme. Apoiados em Bergson (1983), percebemos que o humor pode ser um eficiente recurso retórico em contexto político, neste caso, para intimidar (Santos Junior, 2017). A utilização do meme como forma de impedir a progressão da argumentação nos faz pensar que, em vez de espaço para (des)construir ideias, as redes sociais estão se tornando ringues de luta virtuais.
PRÁXIS ENUNCIATIVA E PRÁTICA INTERPRETATIVA EM VIDEOGAMES
Authors: Teodoro da Silva Junior Mário Sérgio
Published: August 2021

No presente artigo, nos propomos a apresentar uma abordagem analítica de videogames contemporâneos que leve em conta sua dimensão prática, compreendendo-os como objetos de linguagem posta em uso enquanto práxis enunciativa. Por ser uma mídia interativa, o videogame implica a atitude responsiva do jogador, instaurando ainda uma práxis interpretativa, localizada em uma estrutura prática complexa, que parte da enunciação e da destinação de tarefas a serem cumpridas, o seu cumprimento e a avaliação da performance, de maneira recursiva e indefinida, tendo em vista o percurso de treinamento do jogador e a oferta de segundas chances. Para apresentar essa estrutura, recorremos à semiótica discursiva nos desdobramentos propostos por Jacques Fontanille, autor expoente da área que trata das interface da teoria com a antropologia, a sociologia e a fenomenologia a fim de contribuir para um semiótica da cultura.
TEORIA ENUNCIATIVA DE BENVENISTE E O ENSINO DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA:
Authors: Pereira de Oliveira Caroline , Cruz Adegas Fernanda Victória
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho busca discutir as contribuições acerca da Teoria da Enunciação, proposta por Émile Benveniste para o ensino da Língua Portuguesa, segundo as diretrizes dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais– PCN, de forma a analisar as proposições de Benveniste em contraponto ao método de tratamento da língua pelas instituições de ensino básico. Desse modo, Benveniste postula que é por meio da linguagem que o homem se insere na sociedade, de maneira que é, também, pela interação cultural que os rudimentos de uma língua são aprendidos. Logo, nota-se que, majoritariamente, os PCN priorizam o ensino da Língua Portuguesa em sua norma-padrão, excluindo variantes da língua coloquial, as quais são absorvidas no falar cotidiano de um determinado grupo. Para tanto, são utilizadas obras de autores como Marcos Bagno, Roxane Rojo entre outros, a fim de verificar o tratamento do ensino das normas da Língua Portuguesa, em detrimento às particularidades de cada indivíduo, o que pode ser observado no diálogo com recortes da teoria de Benveniste. Destarte, a pesquisa possui caráter bibliográfico e analítico, à medida que são estudados excertos de textos dos autores supracitados, com o fito de estabelecer uma análise aos PCN, junto à teoria linguística de Benveniste.
ENSINO DE PORTUGUÊS COMO LÍNGUA MATERNA: REFLEXÕES E ATIVIDADES
Authors: Martins Vellar Camila , Cardoso Eick Paula Fernanda
Published: August 2021

Nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa, ainda é comum a ênfase em nomenclaturas e classificações, baseadas na Gramática Tradicional. No entanto, ao trabalhar atividades de leitura, interpretação e produção textual, percebemos que o conhecimento gramatical por si só não é suficiente para o desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa nos alunos. Desse modo, no presente artigo, apresentaremos a nossa compreensão sobre o ensino de língua materna, tomando por base estudos realizados por importantes linguistas brasileiros. Posteriormente, apresentaremos uma proposta de atividades que foi aplicada a alunos do ensino médio, seguida de uma breve análise sobre os elementos presentes nela. A atividade baseia-se na crônica do Luís Fernando Veríssimo intitulada “Exigências da Vida Moderna” e foi proposta para a modalidade presencial, anteriormente à pandemia. Tomamos por base autores como Sírio Possenti, Irandé Antunes, Ferrarezzi Júnior e Carvalho e Juanito Avelar, os quais são importantes referências no que se refere à questão do ensino de Língua Portuguesa no Brasil.
COSMOPOLITISMOS COMO DISCURSO COLONIAL E TRADUÇÃO LITERÁRIA
Authors: Zaidan Junia Mattos
Published: August 2021

Apresenta-se a hipótese de que o cosmopolitismo opera como potência do discurso regulador da exploração na divisão internacional do trabalho, em que o nacionalismo - proscrito pelo argumento cosmopolitista - tem sido historicamente praticado,  de díspares formas, pelos países centrais, com destaque para os Estados Unidos em seu projeto imperialista. A relação da literatura e da tradução literária com os processos transnacionais editoriais face ao cosmopolitismo contemporâneo convoca a análise das determinações dele resultantes, entre as quais, a manutenção  dos povos periféricos como corrente auxiliar do circuito multinacional, produzindo a balcanização do conhecimento periférico, ao mesmo tempo que se incute no imaginário desses países dependentes a ilusão da totalidade. Busca-se subsidiar essa hipótese recorrendo-se (1) ao mito do herói Cú-Cullain na literatura traduzida para o irlandês como epítome da construção de um ethos nacionalista anticolonial; (2) ao trabalho da tradutora Else Vieira para assinalar a preponderância da prática tradutória em projetos de afirmação nacional e (3) à discussão de viés cosmopolitista sobre a consagração mundial de Roberto Bolaño como um dos latinoamericanos mais traduzidos no contemporâneo. A perspectiva nacional-popular é apresentada como resposta ao cosmopolitismo, como via para um nacionalismo não burguês, não xenofóbico, não anti-internacionalista, que dê consequência às condições objetivas históricas que nos constituem.
Palavras-chave: Tradução e cosmopolitismo. Tradução literária e o nacional-popular. Nacional-popular. Tradução literária e imperialismo estadunidense.