bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Two Spanish Subjunctives: The Required and Default Subjunctives
Authors: Faulkner Tris
Published: June 2022

Standard Spanish grammar states that desideratives (querer que), directives (aconsejar que), purpose clauses (para que), causatives (hacer que), emotive-factives (alegrarse de que), negated epistemics (no creer que), dubitatives (dudar que), and modals (ser posible que) embed subjunctive complement clauses. However, in spite of these classifications, some predicates exhibit a certain degree of mood variation. For instance, emotive-factives can take indicative complements (Crespo del Río 2014; Faulkner 2021a). Similar variability between the moods may also come about in negated epistemic (Bolinger 1991), dubitative (Blake 1981), and modal clauses (Deshors and Waltermire 2019). 

I propose that such variation stems from the Spanish mood system involving a split between two types of subjunctives - one that is required in preference-based contexts, and another that is default and can be replaced by the indicative. I argue that, whereas preference-based expressions (desideratives, directives, purpose clauses, causatives) are inflexibly subjunctive, emotive-factives and verbs of uncertainty (negated epistemics, dubitatives, modals) may accept indicative if the speaker intends to add the affirmative or negated proposition to the common ground; i.e., if the speaker intends to assert the complement in question. I close these arguments by stating that assertion with the indicative is most likely to occur if the proposition (affirmative or negated) is informative (new or unknown to the addressee, important, contrastive, and/or highly probable).
La gestión de la concordancia de género gramatical en el español de bilingües purépecha y español
Authors: Torres Sanchez Nadiezdha
Published: June 2022

En este estudio se analiza la concordancia de género en el español de hablantes bilingües purépecha y español. De manera general, se observan las frecuencias de concordancia y no concordancia y se determina si se trata de un fenómeno saliente. Particularmente, se examinan los contextos no concordantes en relación con el tipo de estructura en la que se presentan: i) frase nominal, ii) adjetiva o iii) predicativa; de los rasgos semánticos de los sustantivos disparadores de la concordancia: i) animacidad, ii) género; el segmento final del sustantivo: i) consonantes o ii) vocales a, o y e;  y los rasgos sociales de los colaboradores: i) género, ii) edad, iii) lengua materna, iv) ocupación y v) lugar de residencia.
Gramaticalización
Authors: Elvira Javier
Published: June 2022

Texto inicial de Javier Elvira que resume su visión de la gramaticalización.
Three Cases of Double Hanging in Korea from 2008 to 2018
Authors: Kim Dae Yoil , Kim Jong Won , Kim Mi , Jung Mi Jin , Kim Jong Chan , Lee SangHan
Published: June 2022

Hanging is the most common form of suicide, but the use of a single ligature in a suicide pact is very rare. The authors identified three cases of double hanging through the National Police Agency's Scientific Crime Analysis System over 11 years in Korea, from 2008 to 2018. Of the six deaths, all but one were suicides; one was a victim of murder (suicide after murder). A couple was found hanging by a single ligature over a beam, wherein a man hanged himself using the weight of the woman he had strangled to death. A mother and her daughter used a chest of drawers as a fulcrum off which they hanged themselves, with one on each side of the drawers, using a single rope. Two lovers were found sitting at each end of the rope, using a single ligature, with a tree branch as an abutment. Each of these cases is discussed and reported along with a brief literature review. In a double hanging case, investigators should be cautious in determining the manner of death by distinguishing between a suicide pact from a homicide-suicide.
Uso del alemán y/o del español con diferentes interlocutores en cuatro comunidades del sur de Chile
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Burdach R. Ana María , Vega A. Olly ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

El alemán, lengua de grupo hablada en el Sur de Chile, está siendo sustituido por el español en la interacción verbal diaria con diversos interlocutores, por las generaciones más jóvenes de la comunidad chilena de habla alemana, como resultado de la convivencia lingüística permanente con el español. Ello se comprueba en el uso mayoritario del español por parte del tramo generacional de los nietos en las ciudades de Osorno, Purranque, Frutillar y Puerto Varas, en relación al uso del alemán de los padres y de los abuelos.
Predicación y estructuras gramaticales
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Oyanedel Marcela , Samaniego José Luis ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

No presenta resumen
Funcionamiento de los conectores de enumeración y de distribución
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Pérez Rifo Mónica
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una descripción formal y funcional de una serie de enlaces que expresan cohesión entre enunciados y que introdu­cen una relación de enumeración y de distribución en diferentes tipos de textos. Se establece un corpus de lengua escrita en el que se analizan estos distribuidores que engloban un valor semántico de apertura, seguimiento y cierre y que juegan un papel esencial en la organización semántico-pragmáti­ca del discurso. Estas unidades sirven para establecer las partes del texto como marcas de su organización macroestructural
Valores funcionales de las locuciones prepositivas en español
Authors:   Universidad Takushoku (Tokio), Koike Kazumi
Published: June 2022

Frente al carácter cerrado del inventario de las preposiciones españolas, las locuciones prepositivas tienen un carácter abierto. Las locuciones prepositivas del tipo Prep.+ Núcleo + Prep., analizadas en este trabajo, no presentan uniformidad funcional y desempeñan diversas funciones sintácticas. El autor establece dos grupos de locuciones prepositivas: las gramaticalizadas, cuyo núcleo ha perdido su significado original, y otras, que son productivas sólo en determinadas estructuras.
Deíxis en Frege
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, García V. Juan Carlos
Published: June 2022

En este trabajo se presenta, de modo crítico, el tratamiento que G. Frege da a oraciones asertóricas que contienen, como una de sus partes, una expresión deíctica. Esta clase de oraciones oponen resistencia al intento fregueano, pues, como se mostrará, tanto la noción de sentido, rígidamente antisicologista, como el carácter puramente extensional del sistema semántico del pensador germano, se constituyen en obstáculos infranqueables para una explicación consistente del operar significativo de oraciones provistas de alguna expre­sión ejemplar-reflexiva.
Cognitivismo y semántica: un análisis renovado para el Análisis de Discurso
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Burdach R. Ana María , Colle De Sch. Raymond ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vega A. Olly ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

El artículo presenta sucintamente las bases teóricas de un enfoque semántico­cognitivo de análisis del discurso y da cuenta de una técnica de análisis computacional no lineal aplicada a un discurso electoral pronunciado por el candidato a la Presidencia de Chile Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, en el año 1993.
Presentación de la revista Onomázein
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Oyanedel Marcela
Published: June 2022

No presenta resumen
Resúmenes de tesis
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

No presenta resumen
Barthes y el problema de la lectura
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Garrido Juan M
Published: June 2022

Cuál es la relación entre la lectura y la semiología (de Barthes)? En el desarrollo de esta pregunta, intentamos, fundamentalmente: 1°, especificar la relación que mantienen la “escritura” y la “lectura”; 2°, dejar que asomen algunas notas esenciales para un concepto de lectura; 3°, iniciar una interpre-tación de la semiología (de Barthes) entendiendo que su objeto propio es la lectura.
Analizando las intenciones profundas del Ars Poética de Horacio
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Velásquez Oscar
Published: June 2022

El Arte Poética de Horacio ha sido interpretada muy diversamente, pero es conveniente tener en cuenta su estilo epistolar, que la distancia a la vez del tratado de tipo filosófico y de la libertad de la sátira. Se propone en este estudio que de todos modos el AP es una obra que se articula en base a una idea fundamental, a saber, la de forma, de la que surgen los conceptos de ‘materia temática’ y ‘acción’, especialmente la épica y el drama. El amplio espacio, por otra parte, concedido al arte, como sería natural en una poética, se debería explicar por el hecho de que el ars es de un cierto modo la forma que da realidad al verdadero poeta.
Lucrecio: Textos sobre Venus, el amor y la muerte
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Molina Cantó Eduardo
Published: June 2022

Se presentan tres textos originales del poeta-filósofo Lucrecio, con sus co-rrespondientes traducciones al castellano y comentarios. Los textos seleccio- nados del De rerum natura son representativos de los principales tópicos del autor. El primero es la invocación a Venus con que comienza la obra. El segundo versa sobre la pasión del amor. El último texto aborda el tema epicúreo del temor a la muerte.
Dimensiones pragmáticas
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Sentis Franklin
Published: June 2022

Este trabajo persigue mostrar la dirección correcta hacia la cual debe enderezarse toda investigación que pretenda determinar la forma lógica real de los presupuestos existenciales que acompañan a los enunciados del tipo sujeto-predicado del lenguaje. Al mismo tiempo, el resultado del presente trabajo, que tiene a Frege como punto de partida y antecedente forzoso del análisis de Strawson, debe ser considerado una necesaria antesala a un estudio que tenga por objetivo el examen de las relaciones de carácter lógico-semántico existentes entre el uso de los términos singulares del lenguaje y los presupuestos que lo condicionan.
Sobre existencia y presuposición
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, García V. Juan Carlos
Published: June 2022

Este trabajo persigue mostrar la dirección correcta hacia la cual debe enderezarse toda investigación que pretenda determinar la forma lógica real de los presupuestos existenciales que acompañan a los enunciados del tipo sujeto-predicado del lenguaje. Al mismo tiempo, el resultado del presente trabajo, que tiene a Frege como punto de partida y antecedente forzoso del análisis de Strawson, debe ser considerado una necesaria antesala a un estudio que tenga por objetivo el examen de las relaciones de carácter lógico-semántico existentes entre el uso de los términos singulares del lenguaje y los presupuestos que lo condicionan.
En torno a la reforma ortográfica
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Rabanales Ambrosio
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo es el resultado de la participación del autor como moderador de la mesa redonda “García Márquez, Bello y la ortografía española”. organizada por la Corporación Cultural Rector Juvenal Hernández, 1998. En ella, además de rendir un homenaje a Bello y discutir los juicios de carácter ortográfico de García Márquez, se consideró el problema de la reforma ortográfica, sobre la cual hubo opiniones tanto en favor como en contra.
Voluptas-Hedoné: sobre el placer en Epicuro
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Molina Cantó Eduardo A.
Published: June 2022

Se presenta una selección de textos originales del filósofo Epicuro, con sus correspondientes traducciones al castellano y notas explicativas. Los textos seleccionados son los que hacen referencia al problema ético del placer y el dolor en la doctrina hedonista. En la introduccción se comenta en extenso dicho problema con vistas a una interpretación global del epicureísmo.
Valor y dificultad de la Lexicografía
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Castillo Fadic M. Natalia
Published: June 2022

No presenta resumen
En torno a la estructura fonológica del yagán: Fonología de la palabra
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Aguilera F. Óscar E.
Published: June 2022

Este trabajo presenta un resumen de la fonología de la palabra del yagán y el alfabeto oficial de la lengua. La primera parte(fonología) corrobora los datos presentados por Adalbcrto Salas y María Teresa Poblete en su descripción de la estructura sonora del yagán. Se presenta la lista de fonemas ilustrados con ejemplos. La segunda parte presenta el alfabeto yag n. elaborado como parte de los programas de revitalización de esta lenguaen curso.
Leopoldo Sáez Godoy: "El español de Chile en la postrimerías del siglo XX"
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Gonzalez Vergara Carlos Edo.
Published: June 2022

No presenta resumen
Evaluación ecotoxicológica de aguas residuales petroleras tratadas mediante oxidación fotoquímica solar con Poecilia reticulata
Authors: Centeno-Bordones Guillermo , Labrador-Sánchez Henry , Arias-Bailey Marjorie , Gonzalez-Pacheco Maria Fernanda , Lara-Moreno Guillermo
Published: June 2022

Este trabajo tiene como propósito realizar la evaluación ecotoxicológica de un efluente acuoso de Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) tratado con procesos de oxidación avanzada (POA) fotoquímico solar (fotoFenton-like y Fotocatálisis combinado). Se caracterizó la muestra de agua a través de mediciones como: pH, conductividad, Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO); hidrocarburos totales de petróleo (HTP), sulfuro, sulfatos y otros iones por Cromatografía Iónica (IC). Posteriormente, se identificaron las especies orgánicas e iones mediante Cromatografía de Gases Acoplada a Masa (GC-MS). Se realizó una simulación en el laboratorio de las condiciones del biorreactor de lodo activado de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales. Las pruebas ecotoxicológicas estáticas con Poecilia reticulata se realizaron tomando en cuenta la norma USEPA OPPTS 850.1075 (1996). Como resultado, al aplicar los POA con radiación solar, se obtuvo una reducción del 88.95% de la DQO y 100% para los HTP, así como una conversión de sulfuro a sulfato del 96.95%. La simulación del biorreactor en el laboratorio permitió valores de rendimiento del 88.89% y con la evaluación ecotoxicológica se obtuvo una LC50 de 0.26%. La combinación de los POA y la oxidación biológica redujo la materia orgánica en un 98.77% con un LC50 no calculable. Se concluye que con la combinación de las técnicas de POA y oxidación biológica se obtienen efluentes inocuos para los organismos acuáticos del ecosistema circundante.
Comparison Between the Reverse Sellick’s and SORT Manoeuvres of Nasogastric Tube Insertion in Anaesthetised, Intubated, Adult Patients- A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Chakraborty Debdeep , Maitra Sanjay , Chakraborty Jayanta , Mandal Mohanchandra
Published: June 2022

Introduction: In the perioperative period and critical care unit, nasogastric tube (NGT) placement is a simple procedure which turns in to a difficult one in anaesthetized, intubated patient. The SORT manoeuvre (a combination of Sniffing position, Orientation of nasogastric tube, Rotating the patient’s head to the contralateral side, and Twisting movements of operator’s hand) has been studied sparingly. Reverse Sellick’s manoeuvre is a commonly applied method for NGT placement where cricoid cartilage is lifted by the performer with non-dominant hand during placement of NGT. Aim: To ascertain the success rate of SORT manoeuvre in comparison with the reverse Sellick’s manoeuvre for NGT placement in anaesthetized and intubated adults. Materials and Methods: This single-blinded, randomised study was conducted in N.R.S. Medical College and Hospital (tertiary care centre), Kolkata, West Bengal, India, from March 2020 to August 2021. Total 102 adults patients, scheduled for abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia with intubation, were included. The patients received NGT placement either by applying reverse Sellick’s manoeuvre (group A, n=51) or using SORT manoeuvre (group B, n=51), following a random allocation method. The number and percentage of patients having successful NGT placement within first attempt in each group was recorded. The time to perform the procedure and any incidence of adverse event were recorded. Quantitative variables were compared using Independent t-test between the two groups. Qualitative variables were compared using Chisquare test/Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Successful placement of NGT within single attempt was feasible in 48 patients (94.2%) using the SORT manoeuvre in contrast with 38 (74.5%) applying the reverse Sellick’s manoeuvre (p-value=0.006). Longer procedure time was observed with the SORT manoeuvre compared to the reverse Sellick’s manoeuvre (22.3±4.4 vs 20.1±3.8 seconds), respectively; p-value=0.008). Use of SORT manoeuvre in comparison with reverse Sellick’s manoeuvre resulted in apparently lower incidence of adverse events (Coiling 1.96% vs 19.6%; Kinking 1.96% vs 3.92%, respectively); however, found statistically not significant (p-value=0.305). However, overall incidence of adverse events was considerably more in reverse Sellick’s manoeuvre compared with the SORT manoeuvre (25.5 % and 5.8%, respectively, p-value=0.006). Conclusion: The SORT manoeuvre appears to be advantageous over the reverse Sellick’s manoeuvre for NGT placement in adult patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia with intubation, in terms of higher success rate and lower incidence of adverse events.
Association of Daratumumab Use With Ocular Events in a Case Series of US Adults
Authors: Nadeau Nguyen Michelle , Chambers Wiley , Dores Graça M. , Nayernama Afrouz , Jones S. Christopher
Published: June 2022

This case series uses postmarketing data to evaluate the association of daratumumab use with ocular events such as acute angle-closure glaucoma, myopic shift, and choroidal effusions among US adults.
Progressive Vision Loss in a Child With Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Lopez-Cañizares Ashley , Carletti Piero , Berrocal Audina M.
Published: June 2022

A 9-year-old girl with a history of neonatal seizures presents to a pediatric retina service with progressive vision loss. What would you do next?
Large Thermopower Enhanced by Spin Entropy in Antiferromagnet EuMnSb2
Authors: Sun Zeliang , Wang Honghui , Wang Aifeng , Lei Bin , Zhuo Weizhuang , Yu Fanghang , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Ying Jianjun , Xiang Ziji , Wu Tao , Chen Xianhui
Published: June 2022

Thermoelectric materials can realize the mutual conversion between electricity and heat in a pollution‐free process, and are thus exceptionally important for applications like energy generation and thermoelectric cooling. Although thermoelectric properties are conventionally believed to be determined by the charge and lattice degrees of freedom, the electron spin degree of freedom can also make significant contribution with electron‐electron correlation involved. Here, a large magneto‐thermopower (MTEP) in the antiferromagnet EuMnSb2 is reported. At zero field, the thermopower first increases with decreasing temperature (T), exhibits a maximum at about 70 K, and then decreases rapidly when cooled toward the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature (TN) of the Eu spins. With magnetic fields applied, the thermopower shows weak field dependence below TN, whereas at T > TN it is suppressed significantly, highlighting the contribution related to the spin degree of freedom. The negative MTEP above TN is closely tracked by the field‐dependent spin entropy. These observations indicate that the spin entropy of the Eu moments can serve as the most possible source of the strongly enhanced thermopower in EuMnSb2. These results pave new paths to improve the thermoelectric performance by utilizing the spin degree of freedom and search for better thermoelectric materials.
Coordination‐Driven Metal‐Polyphenolic Nanoparticles toward Effective Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Wu Di , Zhou Bin , Li Jing , Wang Xinyi , Li Bin , Liang Hongshan
Published: June 2022

Stabilization of bioactive components, especially for hydrophobic functional factors, is a promising approach for improving their biological activity. Here, a metal‐phenolic coordination chemistry that synthesizes biocompatible and biodegradable thin film based on tannic acid and trivalent metal ion (Fe3+ or Al3+) is addressed, and the results also demonstrate its use for encapsulating a hydrophobic drug (nobiletin) and triggering drug release for cancer treatment both in vitro and in vivo. This assembled system provides drug‐loaded nanoparticles (NPs) with small, but uniform, size (≈200 nm). It displays beneficial potential in enhancing colloidal stability and preventing premature drug leakage. Moreover, the metal‐phenolic coating is found to possess high cell biocompatibility as a delivery vector for controlled drug delivery, while the final fabricated drug NPs have effective anti‐tumor activity by both inducing higher tumor apoptosis and inhibiting tumor metastasis, which is superior to naked drug formulations. Overall, these findings propose an effective and straightforward way for coating hydrophobic drugs employing interfacial adhesion and assembly, which can be a highly promising vehicle for controlled‐release biomedical applications for cancer therapy.
Development of Innovative Biomaterials and Devices for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Wang Yunbing , Li Gaocan , Yang Li , Luo Rifang , Guo Gaoyang
Published: June 2022

Cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death worldwide. The increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases has become a major public health problem and how to carry out efficient and reliable treatment of cardiovascular diseases has become an urgent global problem to be solved. Recently, implantable biomaterials and devices, especially minimally invasive interventional ones, such as vascular stents, artificial heart valves, bioprosthetic cardiac occluders, artificial graft cardiac patches, atrial shunts, and injectable hydrogels against heart failure, have become the most effective means in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, an overview of the challenges and research frontier of innovative biomaterials and devices for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is provided, and their future development directions are discussed.
Blading of Conformal Electron‐Transport Layers in p–i–n Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Uddin Md Aslam , Rana Prem Jyoti Singh , Ni Zhenyi , Dai Xuezeng , Yu Zhenhua , Shi Zhifang , Jiao Haoyang , Huang Jinsong
Published: June 2022

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising to reduce the cost of photovoltaic system due to their low‐cost raw materials and high‐throughput solution process; however, fabrication of all the active layers in perovskite modules using a scalable solution process has not yet been demonstrated. Herein, the fabrication of highly efficient PSCs and modules in ambient conditions is reported, with all layers bladed except the metal electrode, by blading a 36 ± 9 nm‐thick electron‐transport layer (ETL) on perovskite films with a roughness of ≈80 nm. A combination of additives in phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) allows the PCBM to conformally cover the perovskites and still have a good electrical conductivity. Amine‐functionalized molecules are added to enhance both the dispersity of PCBM and the affinity to perovskites. A PCBM dopant of 4‐(2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐dimethyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐N,N‐dimethylbenzenamine (N‐DMBI) recovers the conductivity loss induced by the small amine molecules. PSCs (0.08 cm2) fabricated by the all‐blading process reache an average efficiency of 22.4 ± 0.5% and a champion efficiency of 23.1% for perovskites with a bandgap of 1.51 eV, with much better stability compared to evaporated ETL PSCs. The all‐bladed minimodule (25.03 cm2) shows an aperture efficiency of ≈19.3%, showing the good uniformity of the bladed ETLs.
Atomic‐Scale Investigation of the Lattice‐Asymmetry‐Driven Anisotropic Sublimation in GaN
Authors: Sheng Shanshan , Wang Tao , Liu Shangfeng , Liu Fang , Sheng Bowen , Yuan Ye , Li Duo , Chen Zhaoying , Tao Renchun , Chen Ling , Zhang Baoqing , Yang Jiajia , Wang Ping , Wang Ding , Sun Xiaoxiao , Zhang Jingmin , Xu Jun , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo , Wang Xinqiang
Published: June 2022

Thermal sublimation, a specific method to fabricate semiconductor nanowires, is an effective way to understand growth behavior as well. Utilizing a high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) with in situ heating capability, the lattice‐asymmetry‐driven anisotropic sublimation behavior is demonstrated of wurtzite GaN: sublimation preferentially occurs along the [] and [0001] directions in both GaN thin films and nanowires. Hexagonal pyramidal nanostructures consisting of six semipolar planes and one (000) plane with the apex pointing to the [0001] direction are generated as a sublimation‐induced equilibrium crystal structure, which is consistent with the lattice‐asymmetry‐driven growth behaviors in wurtzite GaN. These findings offer a new insight into the thermal stability of wurtzite GaN and provide essential background for tailoring the structure of III‐nitrides for atomic‐scale manufacturing.
Colorectal Cancer Patient‐Derived 2D and 3D Models Efficiently Recapitulate Inter‐ and Intratumoral Heterogeneity
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhang Bing , Ma Yiming , Zhao Fuqiang , Chen Jianan , Wang Bingzhi , Jin Hua , Zhou Fulai , Guan Jiawei , Zhao Qian , Wang Hongying , Liu Qian , Zhao Fangqing , Wang Xia
Published: June 2022

Pre‐existing drug resistance and tumorigenicity of cancer cells are highly correlated with therapeutic failure and tumor growth. However, current cancer models are limited in their application to the study of intratumor functional heterogeneity in personalized oncology. Here, an innovative two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) model for patient‐derived cancer cells (PDCCs) and air–liquid interface (ALI) organotypic culture is established from colorectal cancer (CRC). The PDCCs recapitulate the genomic landscape of their parental tumors with high efficiency, high proliferation rate, and long‐term stability, while corresponding ALI organotypic cultures retain histological architecture of their original tumors. Interestingly, both 2D and 3D models maintain the transcriptomic profile of the corresponding primary tumors and display the same trend in response to 5‐Fluoruracil, regardless of their difference in gene expression profiles. Furthermore, single‐cell‐derived clones() are efficiently established and pre‐existing drug‐resistant clones and highly tumorigenic clones within individual CRC tumors are identified. It is found that tumorigenic cancer cells do not necessarily possess the stem cells characteristics in gene expression. This study provides valuable platform and resource for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the pre‐existing drug resistance and tumorigenicity in cancer cells, as well as for developing therapeutic targets specifically for pre‐existing drug‐resistant or highly tumorigenic clones.
Energetic Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Ju Zhengnan , Zhao Qin , Chao Dongliang , Hou Yang , Pan Hongge , Sun Wenping , Yuan Zhongyong , Li Hui , Ma Tianyi , Su Dawei , Jia Baohua
Published: June 2022

Rechargeable aqueous batteries are considered to be one of the most effective energy storage technologies to balance the cost‐efficiency, safety, and energy/power demands. The further progress of aqueous batteries with high energy density is needed to meet the ever‐increasing energy‐storage demands. This review highlights the strategies proposed so far to pursue the high energy density aqueous batteries, including the aspects of the electrolytes (from concentrated to dilute), the electrode chemistry (from inserted to converted), the cathode materials (from inorganic to organic), the anode materials (from compound to metallic), and the battery configurations (from integrated to decoupled). Critical appraisals of the emerging electrochemistry are presented for addressing the key issues in boosting the energy densities. Finally, the authors render insights into the future development of high‐energy aqueous batteries.
An efficient aggregation‐enhanced delayed fluorescence luminogen created with spiro donors and carbonyl acceptor for applications as an emitter and sensitizer in high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Chen Hao , Zeng Jiajie , Huang Ruishan , Wang Jianghui , He Junchu , Liu Hao , Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2022

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated using organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials as sensitizers have recently achieved significant advancements, but the serious efficiency roll‐offs are still troublesome in most cases. Herein, a tailor‐made multifunctional luminogen SBF‐BP‐SFAC containing 9,9′‐spirobifluorene (SBF) and spiro[acridine‐9,9‐fluorene] (SFAC) as electron donors and carbonyl as an electron acceptor is synthesized and characterized. SBF‐BP‐SFAC has the advantages of high thermal stability, aggregation‐enhanced delayed fluorescence, and balanced carrier transport ability, and prefers horizontal dipole orientation. Highly efficient OLEDs employing SBF‐BP‐SFAC as an emitter radiate intense cyan light with outstanding external quantum efficiencies (ηexts) of up to 30.6%. SBF‐BP‐SFAC can also serve as an excellent sensitizer for orange fluorescence, phosphorescence, and delayed fluorescence materials, providing excellent ηexts of up to 30.3% with very small efficiency roll‐offs due to the fast Förster energy transfer as well as exciton annihilation suppression by bulky spiro donors. These outstanding performances demonstrate the great potential of SBF‐BP‐SFAC as an emitter and sensitizer for OLEDs.
Global estimates on the number of persons across the Alzheimer's disease continuum
Authors: Gustavsson Anders , Norton Nicholas , Fast Thomas , Frölich Lutz , Georges Jean , Holzapfel Drew , Kirabali Tunahan , Krolak‐Salmon Pierre , Rossini Paolo M. , Ferretti Maria Teresa , Lanman Lydia , Chadha Antonella Santuccione , van der Flier Wiesje M.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Global estimates on numbers of persons in early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including prodromal and preclinical, are lacking, yet are needed to inform policy decisions on preventive measures and planning for future therapies targeting AD pathology.

Methods

We synthesized the literature on prevalence across the AD continuum and derived a model estimating the number of persons, stratified by 5‐year age groups, sex, and disease stage (AD dementia, prodromal AD, and preclinical AD).

Results

The global number of persons with AD dementia, prodromal AD, and preclinical AD were estimated at 32, 69, and 315 million, respectively. Together they constituted 416 million across the AD continuum, or 22% of all persons aged 50 and above.

Discussion

Considering predementia stages, the number of persons with AD is much larger than conveyed in available literature. Our estimates are uncertain, especially for predementia stages in low‐ and middle‐income regions where biomarker studies are missing.
Coordination Chemistry Engineered Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photoanode with Ultralow Onset Potential for Water Splitting
Authors: Fan Xiangqian , Wang Zhiliang , Lin Tongen , Du Du , Xiao Mu , Chen Peng , Monny Sabiha Akter , Huang Hengming , Lyu Miaoqiang , Lu Mingyuan , Wang Lianzhou
Published: June 2022

Construction of an intimate film/substrate interface is of great importance for a photoelectrode to achieve efficient photoelectrochemical performance. Inspired by coordination chemistry, a polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) film is intimately grown on a Ti‐coated substrate by an in situ thermal condensation process. The as‐prepared PCN photoanode exhibits a record low onset potential (Eonset) of −0.38 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a decent photocurrent density of 242 μA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE for water splitting. Detailed characterization confirms that the origin of the ultralow onset potential is mainly attributed to the substantially reduced interfacial resistance between the Ti‐coated substrate and the PCN film benefitting from the constructed interfacial sp2 N→Ti coordination bonds. For the first time, the ultralow onset potential enables the PCN photoanode to drive water splitting without external bias with a stable photocurrent density of ≈9 μA cm−2 up to 1 hour.
Precision Synthesis of Various Low‐Bandgap Donor–Acceptor Alternating Conjugated Polymers via Living Suzuki–Miyaura Catalyst‐Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Kim Hwangseok , Lee Jaeho , Kim Taehyun , Cho Minyoung , Choi Tae‐Lim
Published: June 2022

Herein, we demonstrate that living Suzuki–Miyaura catalyst‐transfer polymerization (SCTP) using a RuPhos Pd G3 precatalyst is a versatile method for the precision synthesis of various donor–acceptor alternating conjugated polymers (DA ACPs). First, the living SCTP of biaryl monomers with combinations of both medium to strong A and D were optimized to produce DA ACPs with controlled number average molecular weight (Mn), narrow dispersity (Ð, 1.05–1.29), and high yield (>87 %). Moreover, its expansion to controlled polymerization (Mn=9.2–40.0 kg mol−1) of an A1‐D‐A2‐D quateraryl monomer containing diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP; strong A) was successful. The living SCTP also enabled the efficient one‐pot synthesis of various diblock and triblock copolymers. Lastly, the DA ACPs showed tunable optical band gap (Egopt, from 1.29 to 1.77 eV) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level (from −5.57 to −4.75 eV), while their block copolymers exhibited broad absorption ranges and promising visible light‐harvesting properties.
Recent advances in the functionalization of azulene through Rh‐, Ir‐, Ru‐, Au‐, Fe‐, Ni‐, and Cu‐catalyzed reactions
Authors: Elwahy Ahmed H. M. , Shaaban Mohamed R. , Abdelhamid Ismail A.
Published: June 2022

Due to their outstanding physicochemical features, azulene derivatives have been proposed for a wide range of prospective technical applications, including molecular switching, sensors, solar cells, and beneficial biological activities. Transition metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions are catalytic processes that create carbon–carbon bonds in one of the most straightforward and practical ways possible. These techniques have proven to be a very practical way to functionalize azulene. This study summarizes the progress made in this field by employing Rh, Ir, Ru, Au, Fe, Ni, and Cu catalysts over the last two decades.
A stable MOF@COF‐Pd catalyst for C–C coupling reaction of pyrimidine sulfonate and arylboronic acid
Authors: Yang Quanlu , Zhang Ying , Ding Ning , Hu Qiang , Yan Xiangtao , Liu Jutao , Zhang Penghui , Fu Shuaishuai , Wang Qianshan , Wu Lan , Wu Shang
Published: June 2022

A novel type of porous composites MOF@COF was successfully constructed through decorating covalent organic framework (COF) crystals on the surface of amino‐functionalized metal organic framework (NH2‐MOF). This material has proven to be an excellent catalyst support because it not only overcomes the shortcoming of MOF instability but also combines the advantages of both high specific surface areas. Pd (OAc)2 is anchored on MOF@COF to obtain MOF@COF‐Pd catalyst. MOF@COF‐Pd is used to catalyze the C–C coupling reaction of pyrimidine sulfonate and aryl boronic acid. The catalyst has the advantages of high stability, catalytic activity, recyclability, and no metal loss. And the application of MOF@COF hybrid materials was expanded in the field of catalysis.
Soft, fully bio‐based poly‐hydroxyl thermosets based on catalyst‐free transesterification with decent re‐processability
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Shufen , Ju Benzhi
Published: June 2022

Most of the vitrimers based on transesterification (TE) highly rely on the usage of large amounts of catalysts to promote exchange reactions to obtain re‐processability, which brings additional concerns on human health or environmental issues. Herein, we demonstrate that TE vitrimers with soft networks (low Tg), though free of catalysts nor any other special design, can be still dynamic enough to be easily re‐processed. In this paper, fully bio‐based and catalyst‐free thermosets from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and bio‐dicarboxylic acids (DA) were synthesized and found to possess decent re‐processability. By means of compressive remolding (10 MPa, 160°C), the ESO‐DA thermosets heal visible defects within 30 min and restore the mechanical strength within 3 h. Upon 3 times of mechanical recycling, the mechanical strengths remain nearly unchanged compared with those of pristine thermosets. Stress relaxation experiments confirm the network rearrangement at high temperatures (≥150°C) as well as vitrimeric flow of the materials. The materials are also capable of being welded without solvents under a small pressure. Lastly, a facile fusion method was employed to tune the mechanical strength of the recycled ESO vitrimers.
Using marsh organs to test seed recruitment in tidal freshwater marshes
Authors: Lane Stefanie L.
Published: June 2022

Premise

Seed recruitment niches along estuarine elevation gradients are seldom experimentally field‐tested under tidal regimes of the Pacific Northwest of North America. Addressing this knowledge gap is important to better understand estuary restoration and plant community response to sea level rise.

Methods

Germination was tested in marsh organ mesocosms across an elevation gradient (0.5–1.7 m above mean sea level). Seeds were sown on sterile peat moss, and the tops of pipes were secured with horticultural “frost cloth” to ensure no experimental seeds were washed out and no new seeds were introduced. The trials tested artificial and overwinter chilling regimes, as well as the presence and/or absence of a near‐neighbor transplant.

Results

Carex lyngbyeihad significant elevation‐driven germination after overwinter and artificial chilling.Schoenoplectus tabernaemontanihad near‐significant germination across elevation after overwinter chilling, and germination in the absence of competition was significantly greater than with a near‐neighbor transplant.

Discussion

Carex lyngbyeihad the highest germination rate at higher elevations, which suggests restricted seed recruitment potential and required clonal expansion to extend into lower marsh elevations. Identifying species‐specific recruitment niches provides insight for restoration opportunities or invasive species monitoring, as well as for estuary migration under sea level rise.
Tageslichtlenksysteme mittels Spiegeloptiken
Authors: Köster Helmut , Stephan Andreas , Wolfrath Elias , Weismann Stephan
Published: June 2022

Die Tageslichttechnik ist ein interdisziplinäres Fachgebiet zwischen Bauphysik und Lichttechnik und verwirklicht mittels neuartiger Spiegeloptiken verbesserte Schutzfunktion vor Überhitzung, jedoch gleichzeitiger Versorgungsfunktion mit natürlichem Tageslicht, wodurch eine Gesamtenergieeinsparung von verglasten Gebäuden von bis zu 30 % ermöglicht wird. Im Rahmen des Green Deals wird von der EU‐Kommission eine Richtlinie zur Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Gebäuden (EPBD) angestoßen, die Teil eines umfassenden Gesetzespaketes mit der ambitionierten Zielsetzung ist, emissionsfreie Gebäude zu definieren und damit die Reduktion der CO2‐ Emissionen in Europa voranzutreiben. Die Tageslichtumlenktechnik, die im Winter solare Zugewinne, im Sommer einen Schutz vor Überhitzung und ganzjährig die Tageslichtautonomie fördert, kann eine ganz wesentliche Rolle in der Umsetzung dieser ehrgeizigen Ziele spielen. In diesem Beitrag wird eine neue Tageslichtumlenktechnik vorgestellt, mit der sich auch mittels eines innenliegenden Behangs ein gges‐Wert von 0,05 sogar in offener und durchsichtiger Lamellenlage mit Tageslichteintrag realisieren lässt.
Analysis of the structure and luminescence properties of Zn2GeO4:Eu3+ according to Judd–Ofelt theory
Authors: Lan Nguyen Mai Cao Hoang Phuong , Kien Nguyen Duc Trung , Tuan Ta Quoc , Viet Dao Xuan , Thang Cao Xuan , Tung Nguyen Viet , Tam Tong Thi Hao , Giang Nguyen Truong
Published: June 2022

The preparation and characteristic of nanorod‐like Zn2GeO4 doped with Eu3+ or zinc germanate (ZGO):xEu3+ (x = 0 ÷ 0.05), which was synthesized using the hydrothermal method, are described. The influence of Eu3+‐doping ions on the structure and the optical properties of ZGO was also investigated. According to the photoluminescence spectra, ZGO:xEu3+ nanophosphors gave a red emission due to the 5D0→7F2 emission of Eu3+ ions. In accordance with Judd–Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters for f–f transitions from the emission and absorption spectrum were determined. At the 5D0 excited state of Eu3+, total spontaneous emission probabilities (AR), lifetimes (τR), branching ratios (βR), and quantum efficiency (η) were calculated. The ZGO:xEu3+ (x = 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) phosphor showed the branch ratio β (5D0→7F2) > 60%, indicating that the phosphors prepared here have a promising potential as laser light. The sample with a concentration of 0.04Eu3+ achieved the highest quantum efficiency of 84%, suggesting that it has potential light‐emitting diode applications.
Three synthetic biology applications and their paths to impact in Australia: Cane toads, bacteriophages, and biomining microbes
Authors: Carter Lucy , Mankad Aditi , Hobman Elizabeth V. , Weynberg Karen D. , Kaksonen Anna H. , Cooper Caitlin
Published: June 2022

Synthetic biology [synbio] applications have the potential to assist in addressing significant global health and environmental challenges. Australian research institutes are investing in formative research to develop synbio technologies capable of meeting these challenges. Alongside the laboratory research, investigating the broader social, institutional, and ethical considerations that synbio presents has been a priority. We conducted targeted qualitative research to uncover the barriers and opportunities for a range of multisectoral stakeholders identified as potential end‐users of the science under development. The research provides insights into the research implementation environment for three synthetic biology applications: (1) gene editing cane toads (Rhinella marina) to reduce their environmental impact; (2) engineering bacteriophages to combat antimicrobial resistance in humans; and (3) engineering microbes to improve biomining efficiency in the mining industry. In‐depth interviews (N = 23) with government, research and civil society representatives revealed key challenges in the impact pathway for each application. The strongest themes uncovered during interviews related to perceived negative public attitudes towards genetic technologies, a lack of investment in critical research infrastructure, unclear regulatory pathways and the presence of a strong social and environmental imperative underpinning technology development. These findings reveal specific entry points for further engagement with the most immediate end‐users of synbio. Separate from research on public attitudes to synbio, the cases highlight the various hurdles to achieving research impact, according to experts who will likely use, approve or invest in these applications in the future. The themes uncovered inform avenues for strengthening engagement and research coordination in Australia and elsewhere.
Controlled release of curcumin from coaxial electrospun nanofiber mats
Authors: Kim Huiseon , Bae Ju Eun , Shin Min Jae
Published: June 2022

In this study, a controlled drug delivery system (DDS) was developed by coaxial electrospinning. Fabricate a controlled DDS using electrospun nanofibers formed with a single concentric nozzle is challenging because of the rapid initial release rate. Therefore, in this study, electrospinning was conducted using dual or triple concentric nozzles to fabricate controlled DDSs. Polycaprolactone and poly(ethylene oxide) were used as the shell and core polymeric materials, respectively, and curcumin was used as the model drug. The spinning feed rate was controlled, and dual and triple concentric nozzles were used to manipulate the shell thickness of the nanofiber. Increasing the shell thickness significantly lowered the release rate. The triple concentric nozzle was effective to obtain a slower release rate than dual concentric nozzle. The coaxial electrospun nanofibers were characterized using optical microscopy and infrared spectroscopy.
How do green knowledge management and green technology innovation impact corporate environmental performance? Understanding the role of green knowledge acquisition
Authors: Sahoo Saumyaranjan , Kumar Anil , Upadhyay Arvind
Published: June 2022

Increasing regulatory obligations to adapt and execute environmentally friendly operations make it critical for businesses to pursue strategies that can strengthen their competitive edge in the market. Academics and practitioners alike have recently gravitated toward exploring how knowledge acquisition activities might improve business outcomes. To address this growing research interest, this study investigates the critical roles of green knowledge acquisition in enhancing green knowledge management and green technology innovation activities in improving corporate environmental performance, positioning resource commitment as a moderator. The research model has been assessed using structural equation modeling with survey data from 283 Indian manufacturers, demonstrating that green knowledge acquisition significantly impacts green knowledge management and green technology innovation. The statistical findings also show that green technology innovation acts catalyzes the translation of green knowledge management into improved corporate environmental performance. The results demonstrate that resource commitment moderates green knowledge acquisition's interaction with green knowledge management and green technology innovation, providing practical insights enabling managers to focus on planning, allocating, and budgeting resources for effective green practices that can contribute to improving corporate environmental performance.
The theory of tumor ecosystem
Authors: Chen Xueman , Song Erwei
Published: June 2022

Cancer cells can be conceived as “living organisms” interacting with cellular or non‐cellular components in the host internal environment, not only the local tumor microenvironment but also the distant organ niches, as well as the immune, nervous and endocrine systems, to construct a self‐sustainable tumor ecosystem. With increasing evidence for the systemic tumor‐host interplay, we predict that a new era of cancer therapy targeting the ecosystemic vulnerability of human malignancies has come. Revolving around the tumor ecosystem scoped as different hierarchies of primary, regional, distal and systemic onco‐spheres, we comprehensively review the tumor‐host interaction among cancer cells and their local microenvironment, distant organ niches, immune, nervous and endocrine systems, highlighting material and energy flow with tumor ecological homeostasis as an internal driving force. We also substantiate the knowledge of visualizing, modelling and subtyping this dynamically intertwined network with recent technological advances, and discuss ecologically rational strategies for more effective cancer therapies.