bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate-Protein Coingestion Enhances Cycling Performance with Minimal Recovery Time between Bouts of Exhaustive Intermittent Exercise
Authors: Goldstein Erica , Stout Jeffrey , Starling-Smith Tristan , Fukuda David
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The addition of protein to a carbohydrate solution has been shown to effectively stimulate glycogen synthesis in an acute setting and enhance exercise performance in a subsequent bout of exhaustive exercise. This study examined the effects of carbohydrate-protein (CHO-P), carbohydrate (CHO), and placebo (PLA) within a 2-hour recovery period on subsequent high-intensity exercise performance.
Methods: This was a randomized, single-blind between-subject design. Participants (n = 25) were assigned to consume one of three beverages during a 2-hour recovery period: PLA, CHO (1.2 g/kg bm), or CHO-P (0.8 g/kg bm CHO + 0.4 g/kg bm PRO). During Visit#1, participants completed graded exercise testing (VO2peak; cycle ergometer). Familiarization (Visit#2) consisted of 5 x 4 min intervals at 70-80% of peak power output [PPO, watts] with two minutes of active recovery at 50W, followed by time to exhaustion [TTE] at 90% PPO. The same high-intensity interval protocol with TTE was conducted pre-and post-beverage consumption on Visit #3.
Results: The ANCOVA indicated a significant difference among the group means for the posttest TTE (F2,21=8.248, p=.002, ƞ2=.440) and RER (F2,21=6.811, p=.005, ƞ2=.393) values after adjusting for the pretest differences.
Conclusions: Carbohydrate-protein co-ingestion was effective in promoting an increase in TTE performance with limited time to recover.
La disputa por la naturaleza humana. Comentarios sobre el concepto de naturaleza humana en el contexto del transhumanismo y las mejoras biotecnológicas.
Authors: Lagos Berríos Rodrigo
Published: May 2022

El avance de las biotecnologías, la ingeniería genética, y la biología sintética ha permitido alterar y modificar las capacidades de los seres humanos a voluntad. En este contexto, surge un debate entre transhumanistas y bioconservadores sobre si la mejora del ser humano a través de las biotecnologías es deseable o si la llamada naturaleza humana debe ser protegida como la base de derechos, valores, y preceptos morales. El siguiente artículo se ocupa de analizar el concepto de naturaleza humana, que está en el centro de esta discusión, y se pregunta si es un criterio adecuado para extraer indicaciones morales para restringir las mejoras biotecnológicas en los seres humanos.
Registro más sureño de anidamiento de Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) en la zona costera de Lambayeque
Authors: Sarmiento David , Torres David , Quiñones Javier
Published: May 2022

La tortuga pico de loro (Lepidochelys olivacea) en el Pacifico este se distribuye espacialmente desde México hasta el Perú,pero sus principales zonas de anidación están restringidas a las costas de México, Nicaragua, Costa Rica y Panamá, también se han reportado algunos anidamientos aislados en Colombia y Ecuador. En Perú, la información de anidamientos es ocasional, aunque por el mayor esfuerzo de muestreo y temperaturas más cálidas, los registros cada vez son mayores, pero todos restringidos a la costa de Tumbes (03°S) y norte de Piura (04°S). El punto de anidamiento extremo se ubicaba en playa Bomba (04°41’S) al sur de Negritos, Talara. En esta oportunidad reportamos un anidamiento a 320 km más al sur, en la playa El Gigante (06°30’S; 08°20’W) ubicada a 50 km al norte de la caleta San José, Región Lambayeque, que lo convierte en el anidamiento exitoso más austral del Pacifico sur este. Durante los meses previos a la eclosión se registró un evento El Niño de características leves con anomalías de la TSM frente a Lambayeque que llegaron hasta +1,1°C por encima del promedio.
Modelos de hábitat potencial de Odontocetos Teutófagos (Grampus griseus y Globicephala spp.) en el ecosistema norte de la Corriente de Humboldt
Authors: Llapapasca Miguel , Quiñones Javier
Published: May 2022

A pesar de la importancia de los cetáceos odontocetos teutófagos como depredadores en el ecosistema pelágico, su distribución espacial en el ámbito marino peruano es poco conocida. Se utilizó información de 21 cruceros de evaluación hidroacústica de recursos pelágicos (2000-2014) conducidos por el Instituto del Mar del Perú a lo largo de la costa peruana (3°23"S - 18°21"S) en los que se avistaron delfines de Risso (Grampus griseus) y ballenas piloto de aleta corta y de aleta larga (Globicephala spp.). El estudio describe la distribución de esas especies en aguas peruanas a través de modelos de hábitat potencial. Los hábitats potenciales se generaron utilizando modelos de máxima entropía y, como variables predictoras la temperatura superficial del mar, la salinidad superficial y la profundidad. El delfín de Risso mostró un hábitat potencial en áreas cercanas al borde de la Plataforma continental frente a los 7-11°S donde es amplia. También se observaron parches de hábitat potencial en aguas oceánicas frente a 4-7°S y 14-18°S. Las ballenas piloto mostraron un amplio hábitat potencial oceánico en aguas peruanas. Sin embargo, los valores más altos de probabilidad de hábitat y número de registros se observaron entre 4-9°S y 14-18°S. Especulamos que ambas zonas podrían reflejar distribuciones de distintas especies: ballenas piloto de aletas cortas (G. macrorhynchus) y de aletas largas (G. melas), debido a que una distribución hacia el sur ha sido sugerida para esta última especie. Los resultados también revelarían un solapamiento espacial entre estas especies y la distribución de la pota (Dosidicus gigas) en el norte y sur del Perú, presa de estos odontocetos.
Hallazgo histopatológico de neoplasia testicular en dos ejemplares de lobo marino chusco Otaria byronia varados en la costa norte del Perú
Authors: Chauca Jennifer , Bachmann Vanessa , Macalupú Joe , Torres Elky , Vásquez Cinthia , Perales Rosa
Published: May 2022

Lobos marinos varados en la costa peruana se registran continuamente y con mayor intensidad en años con condiciones oceanográficas anómalas cálidas. El Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE) ha estado realizando investigaciones para determinar las causas asociadas a los varamientos, a través del monitoreo en playas y atención a eventos de mortalidad masiva. El presente estudio muestra resultados de análisis histopatológicos en muestras testiculares de dos ejemplares, juvenil y subadulto, de lobo marino chusco Otaria byronia varados en los departamentos de La Libertad (7°-8°S) y Piura (4°-5°S)en abril y octubre 2018. Las muestras de tejido gonadal fueron fijadas en formalina tamponada al 10%, teñidas con hematoxilina-eosina y evaluadas bajo el microscopio. Los resultados mostraron un proceso neoplásico de células germinales llamado seminoma, en ambos ejemplares. En comparación con otras especies de pinnípedos intensamente estudiados como el lobo marino californiano Zalophus californianus, no se han reportado regularmente neoplasias en los lobos marinos chuscos, probablemente debido a la falta de monitoreo continuo y la inaccesibilidad a muchas de las principales áreas de varamientos. Por esta razón, es esencial intensificar la investigación sobre eventos de mortandad de mamíferos marinos en la costa peruana.Lo cual permitirá aclarar las causas de muerte y comprender mejor la etiología de varias enfermedades en esta especie, brindándonos una visión amplia de la salud del ecosistema marino y su efecto tanto en la fauna que lo habita como las implicancias en la salud humana.
Propagación de ondas de Kelvin ecuatoriales y ondas atrapadas a la costa durante El Niño 2015-16 y El Niño costero 2017 frente a Perú
Authors: Quispe-Ccalluari Carlos , Chamorro Adolfo , Arellano Cinthia , Tam Jorge
Published: May 2022

El Ecosistema de Afloramiento Peruano (EAP) es frecuentemente perturbado por el arribo de las Ondas Kelvin de hundimiento en el Pacifico Ecuatorial Oriental, ocasionando efectos en el ecosistema marino y la hidrología frente al Perú. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comparar las propagaciones de las Ondas Kelvin Ecuatoriales (OKE) durante El Niño 2015-2016 y El Niño Costero 2017 (ENC 2017) frente a Perú, usando modelos de simulación y datos observacionales. Los resultados muestran que durante El Niño 2015-2016, se propagaron siete OKEs de hundimiento (modo 1), de las cuales seis de ellas se propagaron como ondas atrapadas a la costa de hundimiento, mientras que durante la ocurrencia de ENC 2017 frente al Perú, se propagó una OKE de hundimiento (modo 1). Así, mientras que las OKEs de hundimiento jugaron un papel clave en el inicio y desarrollo del calentamiento asociado al evento EN 2015-2016 frente al Perú, para ENC 2017 su rol fue secundario, contribuyendo a extender el calentamiento, ya iniciado por otros procesos.
Flujos de material particulado y formación de una lámina de sedimentos en la plataforma continental interna frente al Callao durante El Niño Costero 2017
Authors: Velazco Federico , Mendoza Ursula , Solís Juana , Fernandez Ernesto , Caquineau S. , Sifeddine A. , Graco Michelle , Bouloubassi Ioanna , Turcq Bruno , Leigh Bobby , Sócola Mónica , Carhuapoma Wilson , Carrasco Edgardo , Gutiérrez Dimitri
Published: May 2022

Durante la ocurrencia de El Niño Costero 2017, en la bahía del Callao se instalaron dos trampas de sedimento (mecánica y automática) a 30 y 40 m de profundidad para obtener muestras e información de los flujos de material particulado en el subsistema bentónico. La trampa mecánica (30 m) registró acumulación equivalente a 6,46 cm/año; la automática, entre el 20 y 29 de marzo 2017, recolectó 8.777,9 mg.m-2día-1, asociados a las máximas descargas del río Rímac. En el área somera, donde estuvieron las trampas, y en la plataforma continental adyacente (96 m de profundidad) testigos de sedimentos no perturbados (recolectados entre 2017 y 2018) se destinaron para determinar i) el contenido orgánico del primer centímetro superficial del sedimento durante y después de los máximos aportes fluviales del río a la bahía y, ii) los cambios en la estructura sedimentaria así como del contenido terrígeno en los sedimentos, empleando el nivel gris de las radiografías de los testigos de sedimentos. Estos testigos mostraron acumulación de hasta 4 cm de sedimento durante el 2017 y 2018 así como efectos de bioturbación y erosión por las corrientes. A 94 m de profundidad fue formada y preservada una lámina de 1 cm de espesor, color marrón oliva claro a marrón oliva con alta razón de carbono total y nitrógeno total (CT/NT) (12,19 en febrero, 10,26 en abril), que denotan el origen terrestre de la materia orgánica en contraste con la razón CT/NT de 4,88 encontrada en agosto. Elalto contenido de partículas de origen terrígeno (que está asociado al color claro de esa lámina) se explica por el aporte de sedimentos acarreados por los extraordinarios caudales del río Rímac. La información obtenida de los proxies tales como el espesor de esta lámina formada durante El Niño Costero 2017 y sus características preservadas en la ‘capa fangosa de la plataforma’ o Shelf mud layer, influenciada por la Zona de Mínimo Oxígeno, puede ser aplicada para calibrar proxies de reconstrucción de pasados episodios de erosión fluvial causados por extremas precipitaciones en la cuenca del río Rímac.
Addition of microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. and Isochrysis sp. in the feed of Nile tilapia larvae
Authors: Alves Ariany Vilarino , Timpone Ian Taibo , Schorer Marianne , Ferreira Talita Andrade , Pedreira Rodrigo Sá Fortes , Amorim Matheus Philip Santos , Pelli Afonso , Mattos Pedreira Marcelo
Published: May 2022

Microalgae added to feed can increase the quality, production, and welfare of fish, although they contain antinutritive factors and allelopathic compounds that can be harmful. The aim of this work was to compare the effect of five feeds: Basic feed and enriched with two levels of Nannochloropsis sp. and Isochrysis sp. lyophilized (15 and 30 kg-1 of feed) in larval rearing of Nile tilapia. The larvae fed with Isochrysis sp. (15 and 30 g kg-1) had some yield parameters slightly lower than those of the larvae fed with the basal feed. For larvae fed with Nannochloropsis sp., all yield parameters were similar to those of the control group, except for the weight and stress resistance of larvae fed with the 15 g kg-1 enriched feed, which were lower than those of the control group. Since the main objective of juvenile fish producers is survival rate, which was high and stable in larvae fed with Nannochloropsis sp. (30 g kg-1), it is recommended that this feed should be used for rearing Nile tilapia larvae. The inclusion of Isochrysis sp. in the feed should be better evaluated.
Marital Rape: Legal Framework In India
Authors: Chandra Deep Yadav
Published: May 2022

Marital rape violates the right of dignity of a married woman. It breaches the trust of wife. Even then, it is not criminalized as rape in India. It raises a question, is a married woman being considered an object or the property of the husband. It also raises the question, as to does a married woman has right to save her body from the lust of her husband. No doubt the purpose of the marriage is to provide right to have sex with wife. This paper points out whether this right can be coupled with force or right to have sex is only coupled with will or consent of wife. The purpose of the marriage in point of view of right to have sex should only be providing satisfaction of biological need without any check or burden of society and law. India has been a male dominated society and it is also a fact that Indian culture gives special status to the women. Today, we talk about women empowerment. Many rights have been provided to the women in India. But in a male dominated society, would women be empowered in real sense without criminalizing marital rape. The main purpose of this paper is to find out as to whether sex without the consent of wife should be considered as rape. Doctrinal method of research will be applied in this paper.
A Critical Study of Human Rights of Accused In India
Authors: Arti Sharma
Published: May 2022

Human rights have been provided to all being human by birth and human rights are inherentin human. Human rights relating to accused persons have been covered as the fundamental rights, rights under the Universal Declaration of Human rights 1948, I.C.C.P.R 1966, Constitutional rights & Criminal Procedures rights and other connected. Now a day’s The Indian Judiciary is functioningas watchful sentinel and playing the important role for the protection & preservation of human rights of the people as well as accused persons. Justice is for all beyond all kind of biases. No person should be refused from the justice so the accused persons also belong to human family hence human rights also have been furnished to them. This research paper has been specifically focused on theHuman rights of accused persons which is useful and helpful for Judges, Prosecutors, Lawyers, Lecturers, Students, NGOs and other Organization also.
Compounding of Offences Under Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – An Analysis
Authors: Dr. Janardan Kumar Tiwari
Published: May 2022

Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. The reason of inclusion of compounding of offences under Criminal Justice System is based upon the notion of minimizing litigation and promoting mediation among litigants. In this paper, the specific provisions of Code of Criminal procedure relating with compounding of offences have been discussed. The basic notion of compounding of offences has been defined. The kinds of pressures regarding compounding of offences, the judiciary has been facing and its response to them, have been analysed. The manner of composition and its effect has been summarized.
Problems and Rights of Senior Citizens in India
Authors: Sanevata Devi,  , Vikas Kumar Jain
Published: May 2022

Aging is an inevitable part of life and brings its own set of problems and challenges which may not be unique to the senior citizens but affect their life the most. In the Indian society, the family members used to be responsible for taking care of the senior citizens of the family and to help them get over the wide range of problems that they may face, ranging from psychological to physical ailments. But today’s changing family structure and the prevalence of nuclear families have exposed the elderly members of the family to physical, psychological and financial insecurity. Subsequently many laws have also been enacted and rights have been provided in order to protect the senior citizens from any possible harm that may be inflicted on them by their family members or otherwise. This study paper provides insights into the problems faced by senior citizens and their rights.
Investment myths and its effect on investment behaviour of young investors influencing socially responsible investment (Sri)
Authors: Thiyagarajan Savitha , Durairaj D.
Published: May 2022

The investment trend gets changes day after day. It became the need of the day to make the investments more sustainable. The concept of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) became popular in 2017’s. Investors of companies around the world believe and support the fact of the SRI investment strategies to attract national and global investments. This in turn made the inventors consider various non-financial disclosures apart from financial disclosures for investment portfolio creation that affect the investors' traditional investment strategies. This paper covers the current strategy of investment format and pattern in portfolio investment assumptions, beliefs of investment (myths), and its effect on the investment behaviour of young investors.
Model for the measurement of the success of the organization of health product and service exhibitions in Thailand
Authors: Ayudhaya Chairatpathom Isarasakdi Na , Kortana Tanapol , Suchaiya Surachet , Youngvanich Ekachai
Published: May 2022

Organizing the health product and service exhibitions in Thailand is a way to apply a new concept of health service into businesses related to the prevention and care of health while bringing modern equipment and technology to facilitate and meet the needs of people of all ages. Academic seminars are also organized along with product displays to develop a comprehensive health knowledge for the visitors of the trade show. It is also an opportunity for business partners to meet directly and discuss their partnership opportunity. In the recent times, the management of health product and service exhibitions is highly competitive, making it difficult for entrepreneurs to adjust themselves in order to gain a market advantage. The objectives of this research were to: 1)study levels of leadership, integrated marketing communication, operational experiences, management innovation, business cooperation, and success of the organization of health product and service exhibitions in Thailand; 2) examine influences of leadership, integrated marketing communication, operational experiences, management innovation and business cooperation on the success of the organization of  health product and service exhibitions in Thailand; and 3) develop a model for the success of the organization of the health product and service exhibitions in Thailand.
Education, Technology, and Humans: An Interview with Jeffrey Schnapp
Authors: Schnapp Jeffrey , Lollini Massimo , Farley Arthur
Published: May 2022

The interview reconstructs Jeffrey Schnapp's brilliant career from his origins as a scholar of Dante and the Middle Ages to his current multiple interdisciplinary interests. Among other things, Schnapp deals with knowledge design, media history and theory, history of the book, the future of archives, museums, and libraries. The main themes of the interview concern the relationships between technology and pedagogy, the future of reading, and artificial intelligence.
A comunicação empresarial no combate à lavagem de dinheiro
Authors: Neto Carlos Augusto da Silva , Lindgren Flavia Gregório , Duque Andréa Paula Osório , Portugal Guilherme
Published: May 2022

O estudo da comunicação empresarial, no combate às fraudes financeiras no mercado brasileiro, ganha um fórum de inegável prestígio como inibidor de desvios éticos profissionais. Este estudo objetiva investigar de que modo a comunicação empresarial permite e auxilia o Ministério Público do Estado do Rio de Janeiro a identificar indícios ou suspeitas da prática da lavagem de dinheiro e tem como finalidade auxiliar os órgãos de controle no seu efetivo combate. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso descritivo sobre os Relatórios de Inteligência Financeira (RIF).  Os resultados demonstram a importância da comunicação empresarial para o combate da fraude de lavagem de dinheiro. A análise dos dados evidencia um aumento da comunicação empresarial e, consequentemente, o aumento de ações das polícias e ministério público no combate ao ilícito da lavagem de dinheiro. No estado de São Paulo, o aumento foi de 117,83% e no Rio de Janeiro foi de 95%, no período de 2011 a 2014. Pode-se concluir, de acordo com os dados, que existem algumas possibilidades: ocorrência de melhoria da comunicação empresarial dentro do período analisado; aumento de transações financeiras ultrapassando os limites e ingressando na criminalidade ou até mesmo o crescimento dos controles sobre as transações suspeitas.
Comércio eletrônico: percepções dos empresários do varejo de móveis em Pau dos Ferros/RN
Authors: Da Costa Francisca Jane Félix , Rodrigues Eduardo Ferreira , Rego Sidnéia Maia de Oliveira , Costa Yascara Pryscilla Dantas , Pessoa Mariana Ferreira
Published: May 2022

No Brasil, o uso do comércio eletrônico tem se expandido de forma significativa nos últimos dez anos, sobretudo no varejo, sendo reconhecido como uma maneira de potencializar vantagens competitivas para as empresas. O ano de 2020 trouxe muitos desafios, em face da pandemia da Covid-19, que impactou o mundo, levando muitas empresas a mudar sua forma física tradicional de atuação, e o comércio eletrônico foi em muitos casos, a alternativa possível de atuação, transformando as operações comerciais, a sociedade empresarial e a própria internet. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a percepção dos empresários, do varejo de móveis em Pau dos Ferros (RN), sobre o uso do comércio eletrônico. O estudo de natureza qualitativa, adotou o método de pesquisa descritivo, sendo a coleta de dados conduzida por meio de entrevista semiestruturada junto aos empresários. Por meio da análise de conteúdo os dados foram categorizados e analisados, permitindo identificar o perfil das empresas e dos empresários, para posteriormente conhecer a percepção sobre o uso do comércio eletrônico nesse contexto. Os resultados mostraram que os empresários, faziam uso de ferramentas do comércio eletrônico, por meio de redes sociais, mas de forma tímida e esporádica, porém nos últimos nove meses houve aumento e diversificação do uso. Também pode-se identificar dificuldades relacionadas ao uso da tecnologia. Contudo, foram evidenciados os benefícios com o uso do comércio eletrônico principalmente em decorrência da pandemia, onde aprimorar novas formas de atuação e relacionamento com clientes e fornecedores.
NECÎB EL-KÎLÂNÎ’NİN LEYALİ TÜRKİSTAN ADLI ROMANINDAKİ DEYİMLERİN YAPI VE ANLAM BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ASLAN Fatma Betül
Published: May 2022

Deyimler dilin önemli unsurlarından olup, deyimlerin olmayışı, dilde eksikliğe yol açar. Bireyler günlük yaşamlarında farkında olmadan onlarca deyim kullanmaktadır. Deyimler sayesinde, kişiler kendilerini, duygularını daha rahat aktarabilmekte, az şey ile çok şey söyleyebilmektedirler. Bu durum deyimsiz bir dilin olamayacağı gerçeğini göstermektedir. Deyimlerin çıkarıldığı bir dil, sığ, yavan bir dil olmaktan öteye geçemeyecektir.

Deyimler içinde bulundukları toplumun kültürünü yansıtmaktadır. Bundan dolayıdır ki bir deyimin, kültürü bambaşka bir toplumun dilinde farklı şekillerde ifade edilebilir. Öte yandan gelenek-göreneği, coğrafi koşulları ve dini aynı veya yakın olan toplumların deyimlerinin de birbirine benzediği görülmektedir.

Deyimlere edebi eserlerde ve özellikle de romanlarda sıklıkla rastlanır. Zira deyimler anlatıma güzellik katan unsurlardan olup, bir anlatımı veciz şekilde ifade edebilmeyi sağlamaktadır. Çalışmanın konusu olan Leyâlî Türkistân adlı romanda da deyimlere rastlanmış ve bu deyimler yapı ve anlam bakımında incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, romanda geçen deyimler isim cümlesi olanlar, fiil cümlesi olanlar ve de söz öbeği olan deyimler olmak üzere üç başlık altında incelenmiştir.
Studies on Alternaria and Pestalotiopsis Fungi Causing Foliar Diseases of Pistacia lentiscus In Some Locales at Mid Region of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar
Authors: El-Gali Z.I , El-ssunossie O.M. , Khlifa H. A.
Published: May 2022

Mastic tree, an important evergreen and medicinal plant grown in the forest of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya has suffered heavy losses due to leaf diseases. Various kinds of leaf spots and blight were noted on plant leaves.  The objective of this work was to identify and determine the percent of infection  and host range of fungal foliar diseases. Four fungal species were frequently isolated from the disease symptoms. Alternaria alternata was the most predominant fungus associated with the brown leaf spot on mastic, followed by Pestalotiopsis fici which was commonly isolated from leaf blight and P. guepinii and P. palmarum  which were isolated from leaf tip death and silvery gray leaf spots respectively. Koch´s postulate was verified by inoculating healthy mastic leaves. Host range studies indicated that all fungi can infect leaves of P. vera, P. atlantica, and Ceratonia siliqua. Results from the field revealed that disease incidence was quite variable between locations and seasons. The highest percent of infection (6.4- 30.8%) was recorded in Alhamama region, and the lower level of disease incidence (3.4- 12.8%)  was observed in Algariga region. Rate of diseased leaves was about 4.2- 20.6% in spring, while they recorded 2.8- 6.0% in winter. The records indicate that this is the first report of a fungal leaf disease of mastic shrubs in Libya
دراسة استبيانية عن تربية الحمام في منطقة الجبل الأخضر- ليبيا
Authors: العلمي مسعودة
Published: May 2022

ينتشر الحمام في أنحاء العالم كما هو المعروف، والإنسان اشتغل باستئناس الحمام وتربيته مبكراً وفي كل مكان من العالم لما يتمتع به هذا الطائر من جمال الصفات والسلوك ويُربى أيضاً كمصدر للحوم. المعلومات العلمية عن الحمام في ليبيا تكاد تكون معدومة، ولهذا السبب صممت هذه الدراسة والتي تهدف لتجميع بيانات عن هذا الطائر. جُمعت المعلومات من خلال مقابلات شخصية وتعبئة الاستبيان عن مائة مبحوث من المربِّين والهواة في منطقة الجبل الأخضر حول مدينة البيضاء – ليبيا. وقد أوضحت نتائج الاستبيان أن تربية الحمام تنتشر بصورة واسعة في منطقة الجبل الأخضر وأن من يزاول هذه المهمة من فئة الشباب ذوي التعليم المتوسط ويملكون معلومات وخبرة جيدة، وأوضحت الدراسة رغبة الهواة في تطوير هذا النشاط الذي يعدونه مصدراً للدخل، كما أن تربيته للزينة أكثر من استخدامه كمصدر للحوم
تقدير بعض الخصائص الوراثية في عدة أصناف من القمح باختلاف ظروف الري والتسميد النيتروجيني
Authors: حسين طيب فرج , رطيبة محى الدين محمود
Published: May 2022

نفذت تجربتان حقليتان لموسمين لكل منهما الأولى في مسة لتقدير السلوك الوراثي لبعض أصناف القمح الصلب والخبز (BJy، كاسي، كفرة1، كفرة 2، Vee، كريم، صلامبو80، كساد 901، جيزة 168، بني سويف1، مرجاوي وسخا 69) تحت نظامي الزراعة البعلية والري التكميلي، والثانية في قندولة جنوب  الجبل الأخضر لدراسة السلوك الوراثي لقمح الخبز (صلامبو 80، شام 10 وأبوالخير) لاختلاف المستويات المضافة ثنائي أمونيوم الفوسفات 18 DAP : 46   (0، 70، 140 و210 كجم / هـ) تمثلت دراسة السلوك الوراثي في تقدير معامل الاختلاف الوراثي (GCV)، معامل الاختلاف المظهري (PCV)، معامل التحسين الوراثي المتوقع (GA) ومعامل التوريث بالمعنى الواسع (H2) خلال موسمي الدراسة 2013 – 2014لا والثاني 2014 – 2015. صممت التجربة الأولى بالشرائح المنشقة ووزعت نظم الزراعة على الشرائح والأصناف في القطع الثانوية مساحتها 3x  3 (9 م2) بينما الثانية بالقطع المنشقة لمرة واحدة وفي 4 مكررات لكلتا التجربتين. سجلت النتائج تقارب الأصناف في الخصائص : ارتفاع النبات، عدد الأشطاء الفاعلة، طول السنبلة، وزن حبوب السنبلة، المحصول البيولوجي، محصول الحبوب، محصول القش، دليل الحصاد، وزن 1000 حبة ومحتوى الحبوب من البروتين نتيجة انخفاض قيم GCVوPCV مع وجود ميل للتحسين الوراثي لتلك الخصائص في بعض الأصناف باختلاف نظم الزراعة او مستويات التسميد دلت هذه الاستجابات لثبوت الخصائص الوراثية عند إدخالها لبرامج التربية وأشارت تلك المؤشرات لتضاعف استجابتها تحت الري التكميلي مقارنة بالزراعة البعلية أو نتيجة التسميد مقارنة بعدمه وبتأكد ذلك لارتفاع قيم H2 لمعظم الخصائص المشار إليها لكلتا التجربتين في كلا الموسمين
Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in Lamar- Libya Primary Care General practices
Authors: Awami Salem , Alhomry Faraj , Mohamed Najib
Published: May 2022

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic or recurrent abdominal symptom. No cause can be identified using conventional diagnostic testing and it is characterized by abdominal pain or cramping and changes in bowel function. Aims of our study were to estimate the prevalence of functional bowel disorders namely C1; Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among clinic-based patients, and to assess health-care seeking in subjects with functional bowel disorders. The study used participants recruited from AL Marj- Libyan Red Crescent Clinic primary care general practices. Between November 2012 and December 2013, each study subject was asked according to a prepared questionnaire. This questionnaire depends on Rome III diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome.  450 consecutive patients attended the Red Crescent Clinic, 234 (52%) were female and 216 (48 %) were male. Population age ranged from 20-80 years, and the mean age was 53 years (SD+ 15.6). In our study, the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is 12%, and 53.3% of the subjects had looked for medical advice for abdominal pain. There was no significant association observed between the prevalence of IBS and sex. IBS was11.9% in women and 12.1% in men. Elderly were the least frequent sufferer of IBS and the least medical advice seeker compared to younger age groups, which necessitate not overlooking organic cause in such age group. Considerable patients seek medication and traditional remedies due to their bowel disorders. Further investigations of the treatment are required because of the high financial burden for individuals as well as for the society.
Biodiversity, Abundance and Seasonal Fluctuation of Ground Beetles on Massa Region
Authors: Belhassan Eman M A. , Bataw Ali A. , Attia Mansour Salem A.
Published: May 2022

The present study was carried out to investigate the biodiversity, abundance and seasonal fluctuation of ground beetles on Massa region from June 2015 to October 2016. The beetles were collected using 20 pitfall traps which were operated on a weekly basis, a total of 2867 specimen representing two families Carabidiae and Tenbrionidae and 10 genera (Blaps polychresta, Zophosis punctata, Pimelia interpunctata, Blaps nitens, Adesmia dilatata, Scaurus vicinus, Tentyria cyrenaica, Laemostenus complanatus, Ditomus cilpeatun and Akis costitubera were recorded. Overall diversity was 81% and 83% Simpson's scale and Shannon's scale respectively. The highest index; 0.116841 (Simpson's index) and   0.36693 (Shannon's index) was found in species Z.  punctata. Results showed the influence of temperature on A. costitubera,  B.  polychresta and  D. cilpeatun with the A. costitubera  being a better predictor,  addition to constant of  A. costitubera  Beta =0.818 ; constant of A. costitubera and  B.  polychresta Beta = 0.625 and 0.53 and  constant of A. costitubera , B. polychresta and D. cilpeatun  Beta = 0.629 , 0.335 and 0.191. The results concluded the importance of using ecological indexes in studying the abundance and seasonality of ground beetles fluctuated during different seasons.
Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection in Children Admitted to Benghazi Children’s Hospital
Authors: Busba Abdelnaser Othman , Elabidi Jebril , Al Ojaly Samia M
Published: May 2022

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are predictable bacterial infections which occur frequently especially during infancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the etiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns among infants and children who approached our hospital for the treatment of UTIs. In this observational study which was carried out from January 2009 to December 2010.  Two hundred and  six (206) urine samples, which were collected from children admitted to Benghazi Children’s Hospital (Nephrology department) with suspected UTIs, were studied. Demographic characteristics, etiological agents, and antimicrobial resistance were  evaluated. 58 patients (28.2%) had a positive urine culture, and the majority of UTIs were occurring in females. The most common presenting symptoms were fever, dysuria, and abdominal pain. The most common isolated pathogen was Escherichia coli (67.2%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (20.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa  (3.4%), Proteus mirabilis (3.4%), Klebsiella oxytoca (1.7%), Enterobacter casseliflavus (1.7%) and Enterobacter cloacae (1.7%). In the current study, most of the infected cases were females, and fever was the most common presenting symptom. All isolated bacteria were highly sensitive to Meropenem (98.1%), Imipenem (96.3%), Amikacin (96.2%), Cefoxitin (81.1%), and Ciproflaxacin (80%) , and had a high resistance rate to Ampecillin (89.1%) and Cephalothin (60.4%). This phenomena may be contributed to the frequent useage and miss-use of  antibiotics without  medical prescription.
دراسة تأثير التغذية على مواصفات ذبائح الماعز
Authors: الناصر عباس عليوي , خروفة أديب داؤد سلیمان
Published: May 2022

استخدم لهذه الدراسة 16 جدية بعمر 5- 6 شهور ومتوسط وزن 22.2 كغم. اختلف جزء العلف الخشن من عليقتها ليشكل معاملات الدراسة والمكونة من تبن القمح كعليقة سيطرة، تبن القصب، 1:1 تبني القصب والقمح وكوالح الذرة. غذيت الحيوانات لمدة 84 يوما. في نهاية الفترة ذبحت كافة الجديان ودرست مواصفات الذبيحة المختلفة. بصورة عامة لم تظهر تحليلات التباين وجود فروقات معنوية بين المجاميع المختلفة المعاملة للصفات المدروسة عدا تلك النسبة المئوية لمنطقة القطن التي اختلفت في السيطرة عن المجاميع الأخرى (0.05>P). وزيادة النسبة المئوية للرطوبة وانخفاض النسبة المئوية للدهن في ذبائح الجديان المتناولة لتبن القصب عن السيطرة (0.05>P). النتائج تؤكد على إمكانية استخدام هذه الأعلاف بديلا عن عليقة السيطرة لتغذية الجديان دون الإخلال بقيم الصفات ذات العلاقة بالإنتاج.
التدفق الجيني للأليلات 1O1B1Aفي المنطقة الشرقية من الجماهيرية
Authors: العاني لؤي محمد , تربح غادة عوض , عبدالله محمد خير , سعید خالد حمید محمد , جاب الله سلوی محمد
Published: May 2022

أجريت هذه الدراسة لعينة مكونة من 22752 شخصا من مجتمع المنطقة الشرقية (طبرق - درنة - شحات - البيضاء - بنغازي) لتحديد التدفق الجيني للأليلات المسيطرة على مجاميع الدم ABO، وذلك بالاعتماد على شجرة النسب للعوائل المشمولة بهذه الدراسة. ولقد وجد تذبذب في تكرار الجين للأليلات 19، 18، 14، حيث بلغت 0.57، 0.25، 0.15 على التوالي. أوضحت هذه النتائج وجود تدرج غير منتظم في الزيادة لبعض الأليلات والنقصان للأخرى من الشرق إلى الغرب مع شذوذ في التكرارات المقدرة لمدينة درنة. وقد يعزى مثل هذا التباين في تكرار الأليلات الثلاث إلى الهجرة المتبادلة هجرة الجينات أو الكميتات) من خلال زيجات أهالي المنطقة الشرقية من ليبيا من النساء المصريات.
استخدام مياه الصرف الصحي المعاملة في أغراض الري وتأثيرها على بعض الخواص الفيزيائية والكيميائية للترب تحت ظروف شبه جافة
Authors: فرج خيرية أحمد , الدومي فوزي محمد , مؤمن نوري موسي , الساعدي عمر رمضان
Published: May 2022

تم في هذا البحث دراسة بعض التأثيرات الناتجة عن استخدام مياه صرف صحي معاملة لري محصولي علف هما البرسيم الحجازي (ا .Medicago sativa) والشعير (.Horduem vulgare) تحت ظروف مناخ شبه جاف. وكان التوصيل الكهربائي لمياه الري 13 میلیسمنز/سم، والصوديوم الذائب، ونسبة الصوديوم المدمص (SAR)، 110 ملیمكافىء لتر و 26 على التوالي. وتميزت ترب منطقة الدراسة (Torrifluvents) بعمق القطاع وانخفاض محتواها من المادة العضوية وكربونات الكالسيوم. وقد زودت الحقول المزروعة في هذه المنطقة بنظام صرف صناعي تحت سحطي. ولقد أظهرت التحاليل المعملية والدراسات الحقلية أن كميات الأمطار الموسمية التي تبلغ 280 مم تقريبا، كانت كافية لغسل الأملاح الذائبة الزائدة التي ربما تكون قد تراكمت خلال المواسم الجافة من السنة عندما تمارس عمليات الري بهذه المياه المعاملة، لكنها لم تكن فعالة لغسل الصوديوم المتبادل، فقد تحولت ترب الحقل الذي يروي تكميلية إلى ترب صودية نوعا ما (marginally sodic) وترب الحقل الذي يروي رية مستمرة إلى ترب عالية الصودية (highly sodic soils). من ناحية أخرى، وجد أن التوصيل الهيدروليكي لهذه الترب وكذلك بناؤها لم يتدهورا. وقد أرجع عدم ظهور الخصائص المصاحبة للصودية بشكل واضح عند نسبة مئوية عالية للصوديوم المتبادل (ESP) إلى التركيز العالي للأملاح بمياه الري وكذلك انخفاض كربونات الصوديوم المتبقية (RSC) فيها، والتأثير الناتج عن إذابة كربونات الكالسيوم الموجودة بالتربة، وربما سيادة معادن طين غير متمددة. ويستدل من تناقص محتوى ترب الحقلين المرويين من كربونات الكالسيوم إلى ضرورة إضافة مصدر للكالسيوم لمواجهة التأثير السلبي على خصائص التربة المحتمل مستقبلا نتيجة لارتفاع تركيز الصوديوم بمياه الري المستخدمة بالمشروع.
العوامل المؤثرة على صفات اللبن الإنتاجية في أبقار الفريزيان النقي والعراقي المدرج بالفريزيان
Authors: العاني لؤي محمد , الراوي عبد الرزاق
Published: May 2022

تشتمل هذه الدراسة على تحليل 605 سجلات من سجلات التربية الأبقار الفريزيان النقية والمدرجة (عراقي×فريزيان) وبنسب دم مختلفة. اشتملت الدراسة على ثلاثة قطعان الأبقار اللبن وهي قطيعا المسيب وأبو غريب التابعان لوزارة الزراعة وقطيع العامرية التابع لجامعة بغداد. وقد وجد بأن للمجموعة الوراثية تأثير معنوي (احتمال <0.05) على صفة المثابرة لإنتاج اللبن، حيث أن الأبقار المدرجة 2/1 فريزيان كانت هي الأفضل في مثابرتها على الإنتاج من باقي نسب الدم الأخرى، كذلك كان لموسم الولادة تأثير معنوي (احتمال < 0.05) في حين كان للقطيع تأثير عالي المعنوية (احتمال < 0.01). قدر معامل الارتباط الوراثي بين المثابرة على إنتاج اللبن والإنتاج الجزئي خلال (30، 60، 90، 120) يوم وكانت التقديرات مرتفعة وبمعنوية (احتمال < 0.01). قدر المكافىء الوراثي لصفة المثابرة باستعمال بيانات انصاف الأشقاء وكانت قيمته 0.01.
دراسة تأثير العلف الخشن على مواصفات ذبائح سلالتي العواسي والكرادي العراقية
Authors: خروفة أديب داؤد سلیمان , الناصر عباس عليوي
Published: May 2022

استخدم 24 حملا بعمر 5- 6 أشهر ومعدل وزن 30.2 كغم، من سلالتي العواسي والكرادي في تجربة تغذية على مواد علفية خشنة مكونة من تبن القمح، تبن القصب وكوالح الذرة المقطعة ناعمة ولمدة 12 أسبوعا. ذبحت كافة الحملان في نهاية فترة التغذية وسجلت مواصفات الذبيحة المختلفة. بصورة عامة لم تكن بين السلالتين فروق معنوية للصفات المشمولة بالدراسة. وهذا يدلل على التقارب بين هاتين السلالتين والتداخل بينهما. ولم يظهر تحليل التباين فروقة معنوية بين مجاميع المعاملات المختلفة للصفات المدروسة.
النظام البيئي المستحدث بالخزانات وأثره على خصائص مياه النهر الصناعي العظيم
Authors: بعيو صالح حمد , محمد عبدالله إبراهيم , قديح مسعود محمد , العايب محمد الدراوي , التومي فاطمة , الساحلي ناصر محمد
Published: May 2022

تعتبر خزانات النهر الصناعي العظيم أنظمة بيئية مستحدثة في مناطق مختلفة التركيب الإحيائي: وعليه فإنه من الأهمية بمكان المحافظة على خصائص هذه المياه المعدة للاستهلاك البشري والصناعي والزراعي وعلى المنظومة الناقلة لها. ولذا فقد أجريت هذه الدراسات البيئية في الفترة من 92/6 م وحتى 93/6 م التتبع المستجدات من الكائنات الدقيقة، الطحالب، النباتات المائية والأحياء الحيوانية إلى جانب التغيرات الكيميائية على هذه المياه، وقد أثبتت النتائج أن التغير في الاحتواء الكيميائي كان ملحوظة ما بين الخزانات ومياه الآبار. كما دلت النتائج على تواجد ملموس للكائنات الدقيقة بما فيها المختزلة للكبريت. كما تم التعرف على (11) نوعا من الطحالب الخضراء، والخضراء المزرقة والدياتومات. النباتات المائية الزهرية كان تواجدها محدودة حيث سجلت منها (3) أنواع تنتمي لثلاثة أجناس وثلاث عائلات. الحشرات سادت التركيب الحيواني للخزانات حيث تم تسجيل ما يزيد على (11) عائلة من الحشرات المائية وما يزيد على (12) عائلة من الحشرات الزائرة. كما تم تسجيل بعض الفقاريات بخزان «عمر المختار مسلوق» بأعداد محدودة وأوقات محددة. إن هذا التركيب الإحيائي الذي تم التعرف عليه بالخزانات يعتبر تواجدا طبيعية بالأنظمة البيئية بالمياه العذبة، وقد خلا تماما من الأنواع ذات الضرر المباشر على الصحة. إن تتبع خصائص المياه بالخزانات استنادا على التغيرات الكيميائية والمستجدات الإحيائية أوضح تغيرات ضئيلة لم تكن بالقدر الذي يؤثر على جودة هذه المياه.
The Substitution Effect of E-bikes and Psychological Processes Influencing Its Use: Results from Two Randomised Controlled Trials in Sweden
Authors:   Trivector Traffic AB, 222 36 Lund, Sweden, Söderberg Alfred
Published: May 2022

The market share of e-bikes has increased extensively in Europe over the last decade. How this trend will affect the transport system depends to a large extent on the substitution effect which needs to be determined in detail to allow projections on the potential of e-cycling as a means to promote sustainable transport systems. Further, little is known about what psychological determinants influence e-bike use, an important topic for policy makers that wish to promote e-cycling. This study aggregates GPS data from two randomised controlled trials in Sweden to determine the effect of e-bike use on travel behaviour. Motives behind e-bike use are investigated within a pathanalytic structural model, based on an expanded theory of planned behaviour. The results reveal that, on average, total cycling increased by 4.5 kilometres per person and day during the trials and its modal share measured in distance increased by 19%. E-bike use was predicted by the intention to bike to work, which in turn mediated the effects of attitudes and self-efficacy on e-cycling. Attitude mediated the indirect effect of personal norm on intention and collective efficacy amplified the effect of self-efficacy on intention. The results show that e-cycling has a large potential to contribute to a sustainable transport system. Policy makers could increase the use of e-bikes by strengthening individuals' attitudes toward cycling and perceived self-efficacy to e-cycle, by making environmental personal norms more salient and by highlighting collective action in the effort to limit environmental degradation.
Thunderstorms study in India
Authors: RAO P. R. KRISHNA
Published: May 2022

The symposium on thunderstorms held at the Meteorological Office, New Delhi, on 9-11 March 1960 helped to focus the attention of meteorologists in India on the subject and to take stock of the present knowledge and plan future studies. The papers presented at the symposium and published in this issue of the Indian Journal of Meteorology and Geo-physics deal with the formation and structure, radar studies and climatological statistics, of thunderstorms. In India, interest in the thunderstorm has been evinced for a long time.
Theoretical model of Thunderstorm Winds near the ground
Authors: ASNANI G. C.
Published: May 2022

Based on some assumptions about the horizontal and vertical variation of a downdraft emanating from the base of a thundercloud, a quantitative estimate of the position and the magnitude of squall near the ground is presented. It appears that squall occurs nearer to the periphery of the downdraft than to its central axis. Also downdraft velocities of the order of 5 meters per second in the lowest 500 meters above the ground are quite capable of generating squall speeds near the ground of as much as 50 meters per second. Also, squall speed is greatly influenced by the horizontal extent of the downdraft; the larger the horizontal extent of the downdraft; the larger the horizontal extent of the downdraft, the larger the squall speed.
Radar observations of thunderstorms at Poona
Authors: MANI A. , VENKITESHWARAN S. P.
Published: May 2022

Radar observations of rain have 'been made at Poona since 1953, when a small air-borne model search radar type SCR-717-C operating on 9.1 cm was set up at the Poona Observatory. The radar has a peak power of 40 KW and a pulse length of 1.125 p, s. The antenna is a dipole-fed paraboloid mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis so that the radar beam scans the sky from horizon to horizon through the zenith giving a vertical cross-section through the atmosphere above the point of observation.
Variations in Upper Tropospheric Flow associated with the onset of the Australian Summer Monsoon
Authors: TROUP A. J.
Published: May 2022

Characteristics of the onset of the summer (northwest) monsoon in North Australia, and of the mean upper tropospheric flow in the east Indian Ocean-Australian region are discussed. The strength and steadiness of the upper flow are much less than that over Asia in the corresponding season. Nevertheless, the monsoon onset is shown to be associated with marked changes in the upper flow; in the tropics the easterlies increase, and the subtropical jetstream shifts southward abruptly.  The changes also extend to low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.  They appear to be the result of large-scale development rather than the movement of individual disturbances.
Rainfall intensity-duration frequencies for India, for local drainage design
Authors: PARTHASARATHY K. , SINGH GURBACHAN
Published: May 2022

Meteorological Office, New Delhi (Received 17 February 1960) of any return period for a given duration is the maximum amount of rainfall in that duration which will be equalled or exceeded once every 'n' years on the average, over a long period of time. Hence, intensities of rainfall of different durations, from a few minutes to say, 24 hours and for various returns periods from 2 years upto 40 or 50 years over all parts of India will be the data required for fixing the design flood of the local drainage structures.
A study of Radar Angels near West Coast of India
Authors: RAI D. B.
Published: May 2022

A new type of well marked radar angels often having characteristic wave structure has been frequently observed on the P.P.I. scope of a 3-cm radar based at Bombay. Observations over a period of fifteen months have been analysed. The echoes are observed in the late afternoons and early night hours only during the months March-May; the activity reaching its peak in the month of April. They are most prominent on days with markedly high temperatures. The possibility of these echoes being caused by back-scattering from horizontally stratified layer containing very sharp refractive index gradients, is discussed. The wave structure of the echoes is attributed to the existence of shear-gravity waves in the stratified layer.
Vertical currents in a thunderstorm observed with the F-type radiosonde
Authors: VENKITESHWARAN S. P.
Published: May 2022

It is well known that there are very strong upward and downward currents in a thunder-storm. The observations are based mostly on the occurrence of hail and the experiences of pilots who have occasionally ventured into them. While a few downward and upward motions of sounding balloons have been observed, and reported, it has not been possi-ble to state definitely whether the observed downward motion of the balloon observed from the record is due to the vertical currents or due to the accumulation of snow or due to the heavy rain experienced by the balloon.
An Electronic radiosonde of continuous telemetering type
Authors: MITRA H.
Published: May 2022

The India Meteorological Department uses two types of radiosondes for upper air sound-ing. One of these is known as the F-type and the other as C-type radiosonde as the driving mechanism is either a fan or a clock. As mechanical systems have their limitations, it was decided to develop a radiosonde in which mechanical parts are eliminated as far as possible. These are the major causes of their failure under extreme conditions and also introduce unknown errors due to thermal stresses set up in the frame structure. These considerations favoured a completely electri-cal recording and telemetering system.
Estimation of yields from river basins by a modification of the water balance procedure of thornthwaite
Authors: RAO B. SUBBA , SUBBRAHMANYAM V. P.
Published: May 2022

Stream-flow is one of the most important of hydrologic measurements, for, it represents the total runoff from a basin and is the resi-dual of precipitation after the demands of eva-potranspiration and soil storage are met. The need for runoff data in different parts of the world is increasing so rapidly that the existing network of stream-gauge stations is either too sparse or has an inadequate period of record. An alternative approach from meteorological data was, therefore, suggested by Thornth-waite (Thornthwaite 1948) whose book-keep-ing procedure for water balance offers a method for the determination of runoff on a monthly basis. The basis of this method as well as other water balance methods is that closed chain of events representing the circulation of water in the atmosphere and over the earth, known as the hydrologic cycle, which constantly redistributes water between the earth's surface and the atmosphere, tending to main-tain a long term balance.