bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of ground thermal response in Canadian seasonal frost regions to climate warming
Authors: Marrah Mohammed Yassir , Fall Mamadou , Almansour Husham
Published: September 2023

To ensure that public infrastructure can safely provide essential services and support economic activities in seasonal frost regions, the design of their foundation systems must be updated and/or adapted to the impacts of climate change. This objective can only be achieved, if the impact of global warming on the soil thermal behaviour in Canadian seasonal frost regions is well-known and can be predicted. In the present paper, the results of a modeling study to assess and predict the effect of global warming on the thermal regimes of grounds in three Canadian seasonal frost regions (Ottawa, Sudbury, Toronto) are presented and discussed. The results show that future climate changes will significantly affect the soil thermal regimes in seasonal frost Canadian areas. The simulation results indicated a gradual loss in the frost penetration depth due to the climate change, in the three representative sites. The frost period duration will be shorter due to climate change in the three selected regions and will completely disappear in Ottawa and Toronto. However, the impact of climate change would not appear clearly in the first 40 years “up to 2060”. The response of the ground to the effect of climate change is a function of the geotechnical characteristics of the ground and the climate conditions. The numerical tool developed and results obtained will be useful for the geotechnical design of climate-adaptive transportation structures in Canadian seasonal frost areas.
A niche-mimicking polymer hydrogel-based approach to identify molecular targets for tackling human pancreatic cancer stem cells
Authors: Murota Yoshitaka , Nagane Mariko , Wu Mei , Santra Mithun , Venkateswaran Seshasailam , Tanaka Shinji , Bradley Mark , Taga Tetsuya , Tabu Kouichi
Published: September 2023

Background

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most fatal human cancers, but effective therapies remain to be established. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly resistant to anti-cancer drugs and a deeper understanding of their microenvironmental niche has been considered important to provide understanding and solutions to cancer eradication. However, as the CSC niche is composed of a wide variety of biological and physicochemical factors, the development of multidisciplinary tools that recapitulate their complex features is indispensable. Synthetic polymers have been studied as attractive biomaterials due to their tunable biofunctionalities, while hydrogelation technique further renders upon them a diversity of physical properties, making them an attractive tool for analysis of the CSC niche.

Methods

To develop innovative materials that recapitulate the CSC niche in pancreatic cancers, we performed polymer microarray analysis to identify niche-mimicking scaffolds that preferentially supported the growth of CSCs. The niche-mimicking activity of the identified polymers was further optimized by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogelation. To reveal the biological mechanisms behind the activity of the optimized hydrogels towards CSCs, proteins binding onto the hydrogel were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), and the potential therapeutic targets were validated by looking at gene expression and patients’ outcome in the TCGA database.

Results

PA531, a heteropolymer composed of 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate (MEMA) and 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) (5.5:4.5) that specifically supports the growth and maintenance of CSCs was identified by polymer microarray screening using the human PAAD cell line KLM1. The polymer PA531 was converted into five hydrogels (PA531-HG1 to HG5) and developed to give an optimized scaffold with the highest CSC niche-mimicking activities. From this polymer that recapitulated CSC binding and control, the proteins fetuin-B and angiotensinogen were identified as candidate target molecules with clinical significance due to the correlation between gene expression levels and prognosis in PAAD patients and the proteins associated with the niche-mimicking polymer.

Conclusion

This study screened for biofunctional polymers suitable for recapitulation of the pancreatic CSC niche and one hydrogel with high niche-mimicking abilities was successfully fabricated. Two soluble factors with clinical significance were identified as potential candidates for biomarkers and therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancers. Such a biomaterial-based approach could be a new platform in drug discovery and therapy development against CSCs, via targeting of their niche.
Modeling spatial patterns of longleaf pine needle dispersal using long-term data
Authors: Blaydes Suzanne H. , Cannon Jeffery B. , Aubrey Doug P.
Published: September 2023

Background

Predicting patterns of fire behavior and effects in frequent fire forests relies on an understanding of fine-scale spatial patterns of available fuels. Leaf litter is a significant canopy-derived fine fuel in fire-maintained forests. Litter dispersal is dependent on foliage production, stand structure, and wind direction, but the relative importance of these factors is unknown.

Results

Using a 10-year litterfall dataset collected within eighteen 4-ha longleaf pine (Pinus palustrisMill.) plots varying in canopy spatial pattern, we compared four spatially explicit models of annual needle litter dispersal: a model based only on basal area, an overstory abundance index (OAI) model, both isotropic and anisotropic litter kernel models, and a null model that assumed no spatial relationship. The best model was the anisotropic model (R2 = 0.656) that incorporated tree size, location, and prevailing wind direction, followed by the isotropic model (R2 = 0.612), basal area model (R2 = 0.488), OAI model (R2 = 0.416), and the null model (R2 = 0.08).

Conclusions

As with previous studies, the predictive capability of the litter models was robust when internally validated with a subset of the original dataset (R2 = 0.196–0.549); however, the models were less robust when challenged with an independent dataset (R2 = 0.122–0.319) from novel forest stands. Our model validation underscores the need for rigorous tests with independent, external datasets to confirm the validity of litter dispersal models. These models can be used in the application of prescribed fire to estimate fuel distribution and loading, as well as aid in the fine tuning of fire behavior models to better understand fire outcomes across a range of forest canopy structures.
Probable impact of environmental radiation on thyroid swellings in areas of Eastern Hyderabad and Nalgonda
Authors: Singh Namit Kant , Hage Neemu , Prabhala Shailaja , Ramamourthy Balaji , Nagaraju Sushmitha , Kappagantu Krishna Medha
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Thyroid swellings are prevalent in 4 to 7% of the Indian population and are commonly present in females. Thyroid swelling has been attributed to various causes, such as ingestion of goitrogens and low iodine in the diet in benign, radiation exposure, and genetic in malignancies. Eastern Hyderabad and Nalgonda have a high fluoride content in the ground water, which can potentially disrupt thyroid functioning. Moreover, the region also harbors high uranium content and environmental radiation; hence, a retrospective analysis of the FNAC and histopathology of the thyroid swellings was done to evaluate the paradigm.

Method

A retrospective analysis of the patient’s records from February 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023, was conducted considering all the patients who presented with thyroid swelling. The variables taken into consideration were age, gender, and FNAC findings. A correlation was also made with the histopathology of the specimen of operated patients.

Result

A total of 88 medical records of the patients were evaluated, and it was determined that there was a preponderance of females with a ratio of 8.77:1. Majority of the swellings were Benign labeled as Bethesda category 2 (n = 61) followed by category 3 (n = 11). To be considered are the cases of malignancies falling into category 6, which comprise 7.95% (n = 7). The majority of the patients were seen between the ages of 31 to 40 (n = 28), followed by 41 to 50 (n = 25).

On comparing with the histopathological reports, two cases of category 5 were found to be having papillary thyroid carcinoma and another with follicular thyroid carcinoma making the number of proven malignancies to be 10.22% (n = 9). Other histopathological findings correlated with the results of FNAC.

Conclusion

Through this pilot study, we conclude that most thyroid swellings were benign, but there is a higher incidence of thyroid malignancies (10.22%), significantly higher than the country average of 2 to 4%. The higher number of malignant cases can be attributed to many factors, including high fluoride content and environmental radiation. Further studies need to be conducted, taking each element individually.
Development of a smartphone-based Turkish digits in noise test
Authors: Çetinkaya Ümit Can , Konukseven Özlem
Published: September 2023

Background

Pure-tone audiometry is the traditional gold standard for assessment and screening of hearing impairment, but it requires the use of calibrated devices and soundproof booth. Mobile apps can offer a good alternative to traditional methods in limited circumstances and in some emergency situations, especially when traditional methods are not available. The aim of the study was to develop an easily accessible mobile-based Turkish Digit in Noise Test screening test for the assessment of hearing.

Methods

The digits were read by a male speaker whose native language is Turkish. A mobile application was developed in accordance with the Android operating system. Twenty-five individuals with normal hearing, 25 individuals with bilateral mild sensorineural hearing loss, 25 with bilateral mild mixed hearing loss, and 25 with bilateral mild conductive hearing loss total of 100 participated in the study. All participants were between the ages of 18–60. The Turkish Digit in Noise Test mobile application was applied to the participants and the test scores were compared among the types of hearing loss.

Results

The Turkish Digit in Noise Test scores of participants with bilateral mild sensorineural hearing loss (19.4 ± 5.39) and mixed hearing loss (22.96 ± 4.52) were lower than those of participants with normal hearing (39.68 ± 6.82) (p < .01). In addition, the results of participants with bilateral mild sensorineural hearing loss (19.4 ± 5.39) and mixed hearing loss (22.96 ± 4.52) were lower than those of participants with conductive hearing loss (36.88 ± 6.31) (p < .01).

Conclusion

An easy and accessible Turkish Digit in Noise Test mobile application has been developed using which one can assess his/her hearing.
Isatuximab, Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for the Treatment of High-Risk Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Leypoldt Lisa B. , Tichy Diana , Besemer Britta , Hänel Mathias , Raab Marc S. , Mann Christoph , Munder Markus , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Nogai Axel , Görner Martin , Ko Yon-Dschun , de Wit Maike , Salwender Hans , Scheid Christof , Graeven Ullrich , Peceny Rudolf , Staib Peter , Dieing Annette , Einsele Hermann , Jauch Anna , Hundemer Michael , Zago Manola , Požek Ema , Benner Axel , Bokemeyer Carsten , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Weisel Katja C.
Published: September 2023

High, sustainable MRD negativity rates with Isa-KRd in newly diagnosed high-risk multiple myeloma (CONCEPT trial)
Efficiency of energy harvesting out of colored Lévy fluctuations by a harmonic oscillator with piezoelectric transducer
Authors: Giuliano M. E. , Sánchez A. D. , Combi B. , Deza R. R.
Published: September 2023

The efficiency of a linear kinetic energy harvester by piezoelectric transduction —when driven by colored α-stable Lévy noise— is the focus of this study. Analytical results are obtained for the harvested power (in the adiabatic approximation

and for very large load circuit's time constant τ

p
), which are accurately validated by numerical simulations. In addition, an analytical expression is obtained for the characteristic time the system takes to reach a stationary regime; this information is crucial to calculate averaged quantities through simulations, given the large dispersion between realizations due to the infinite variance of the Lévy noise.
Political Economy for Hispanic America: José Joaquín de Mora as a Bridge between Continents (1825–43)
Authors: Astigarraga Jesús , Usoz Javier , Zabalza Juan
Published: September 2023

In the early nineteenth century, the gradual transformation of Spain's former American territories into new independent republics required redefining their political and economic frameworks. This process demanded economic reforms, policies, and institutional changes based on the ideas of the Enlightenment and liberalism that fueled a transatlantic flow of political and economic ideas from Europe to the new republics. This article examines the crucial contribution of the Spanish economist José Joaquín de Mora to this migration of ideas. His main achievement was an institutional and economic agenda for the Republic of Chile based on classical political economy and adapted to the new republic's economic, political, and social environment. The primary economic growth process, which Mora also considered appropriate for the rest of the newly created American republics, was the result of a long and successive building process, which the research also tackles.
UNC-116 and UNC-16 function with the NEKL-3 kinase to promote axon targeting
Authors: Drozd Cody J. , Quinn Christopher C.
Published: September 2023

KIF5C is a kinesin-1 heavy chain that has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Although the roles of kinesin-1 in axon transport are well known, little is known about how it regulates axon targeting. We report that UNC-116/KIF5C functions with the NEKL-3/NEK6/7 kinase to promote axon targeting in Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of UNC-116 causes the axon to overshoot its target and UNC-116 gain-of-function causes premature axon termination. We find that loss of the UNC-16/JIP3 kinesin-1 cargo adaptor disrupts axon termination, but loss of kinesin-1 light chain function does not affect axon termination. Genetic analysis indicates that UNC-16 functions with the NEKL-3 kinase to promote axon termination. Consistent with this observation, imaging experiments indicate that loss of UNC-16 and UNC-116 disrupt localization of NEKL-3 in the axon. Moreover, genetic interactions suggest that NEKL-3 promotes axon termination by functioning with RPM-1, a ubiquitin ligase that regulates microtubule stability in the growth cone. These observations support a model where UNC-116 functions with UNC-16 to promote localization of NEKL-3 in the axon. NEKL-3, in turn, functions with the RPM-1 ubiquitin ligase to promote axon termination.
Actin and CDC-42 contribute to nuclear migration through constricted spaces in C. elegans
Authors: Ho Jamie , Guerrero Leslie A. , Libuda Diana E. , Luxton G. W. Gant , Starr Daniel A.
Published: September 2023

Successful nuclear migration through constricted spaces between cells or in the extracellular matrix relies on the ability of the nucleus to deform. Little is known about how this takes place in vivo. We have studied confined nuclear migration in Caenorhabditis elegans larval P cells, which is mediated by the LINC complex to pull nuclei towards the minus ends of microtubules. Null mutations of the LINC component unc-84 lead to a temperature-dependent phenotype, suggesting a parallel pathway for P-cell nuclear migration. A forward genetic screen for enhancers of unc-84 identified cgef-1 (CDC-42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor). Knockdown of CDC-42 in the absence of the LINC complex led to a P-cell nuclear migration defect. Expression of constitutively active CDC-42 partially rescued nuclear migration in cgef-1; unc-84 double mutants, suggesting that CDC-42 functions downstream of CGEF-1. The Arp2/3 complex and non-muscle myosin II (NMY-2) were also found to function parallel to the LINC pathway. In our model, CGEF-1 activates CDC-42, which induces actin polymerization through the Arp2/3 complex to deform the nucleus during nuclear migration, and NMY-2 helps to push the nucleus through confined spaces.
Gelation of Hydrophilic Polymer Bearing Metal-coordination Unit with Various Metal Ions
Authors: Nagai Daisuke , Isobe Naoki , Maki Yasuyuki , Okamoto Shusuke
Published: September 2023

Gelation of a hydrophilic polymer bearing a metal-coordination unit with various metal ions was examined. Gels with different morphologies were formed depending on the metal ion species. The formation mechanism for these gels could be explained based on their cross-linking rates. Gelation in two-component solutions containing different ratios of PdII to other metal ions (AuIII and PtIV) was also investigated.
Intrinsic Information Preferences and Skewness
Authors: Masatlioglu Yusufcan , Orhun Yeşim , Raymond Collin
Published: September 2023

We examine whether people have an intrinsic preference for negatively skewed or positively skewed information structures and how these preferences relate to intrinsic preferences for informativeness. The results from lab experiments show a strong intrinsic preference for positively skewed information and suggest that providing such information can improve information uptake. Evidence from field studies in decision- and ego-relevant contexts replicates these findings. We discuss our findings through the lens of existing theories and the potential trade-offs in information provision policies. (JEL C91, C93, D12, D82, D83)
Features of the exchange of electrolytes and nitrogenous metabolites under different options of uric acid exchange in healthy female rats
Authors: Bombushkar Igor , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Korda Inna , Badiuk Nataliya , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor
Published: September 2023

Background. We previously identified 4 variants-clusters of uricemia and uricosuria both in rats and in humans. It was shown that the clusters differ from each other in the constellation of immune, autonomic and endocrine parameters, which correlate with uricemia and uricosuria. The aim of this study was to identify the electrolytes and nitrogenous metabolites, the combination of which differentiates previously formed quantitative and qualitative variants of uric acid metabolism in rats. Materials and Methods. Experiment was performed on 60 healthy female Wistar rats 220-300 g. The plasma and urine levels of the uric acid, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphates, chloride, magnesium, sodium and potassium (also in erythrocytes) as well as glucose (in plasma only) were determined. Results. 10 metabolic parameters characteristic of four variants of uric acid exchange were identified: the concentration of glucose, urea, phosphates, magnesium and potassium in plasma, and the latter in erythrocytes, as well as the excretion of creatinine, urea, phosphates and calcium with urine. The accuracy of discrimination of clusters based on the totality of this metabolic constellation together with uricemia is 95%. The cumulative determining influence of the parameters of uric acid exchange (due to the significant advantage of uricosuria over uricemia) on the constellation of metabolic parameters is 56%. Diuresis and excretion of phosphates and potassium are subject to the maximum positive determination from the side of uric acid; excretion of calcium, creatinine and urea are determined to a lesser extent; levels of creatinine, urea and potassium in the plasma are even less, and magnesiumuria is subject to the minimum determination. Conclusion. Uric acid is naturally associated with the state of electrolytes and nitrogenous metabolites exchange in healthy female rats.
Structural and functional model of formation of readiness of future specialists in computer technologies for professional activity by means of digital technologies
Authors: Hiltai Lesia
Published: September 2023

The article substantiates the structural and functional model of formation of the readiness of future specialists in computer technologies for professional activity by means of digital technologies. To achieve the goal of the article, the methodology is applied, which consists in conducting an analysis of the research of the problem of pedagogical modeling of the formation of the readiness of future specialists in computer technologies for professional activities in the field of digital technologies. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the concept of «structural-functional model», its structure and prospects of introduction into the educational process of future specialists in computer technologies are defined. It has been established that models in pedagogical science are successfully used for high-quality planning of the educational process, management of cognitive activity of students and optimization of the structure of educational material.

In order to build a structural-functional model, its main constituent elements were determined, combined into logical blocks corresponding to the stages of the educational process (target, content, organizational, diagnostic-resultative) and complex application of modern digital technologies at all stages. The effectiveness of the implementation of the model was ensured by predefined organizational and pedagogical conditions.
A Structural Equation Model of Subjective Happiness in Menopausal Middle-aged Women
Authors: Lee Soo Yeon , Han Kuem Sun
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to build a structural model to explain subjective happiness in menopausal middle-aged women.Methods: A hypothesized model was established based on literature review. Emotional stress and family support were included as exogenous variables whereas active coping, resilience, and subjective happiness were included as endogenous variables. This study was conducted using data from 228 middle-aged menopausal women living in the Republic of Korea that fit the structural equation model. The data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and Amos 20.0 programs.Results: Emotional stress was revealed as the most influential factor affecting subjective happiness. Emotional stress had a negative direct, indirect, and total effect on subjective happiness. Family support had positive indirect and total effects, and resilience had positive direct and total effects on subjective happiness.Conclusion: To enhance subjective happiness of menopausal middle-aged women, nursing interventions, which reduce emotional stress and improve resilience, should be provided. Family-level nursing intervention should be also developed to promote family support.
Gastrointestinal and Sleep Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Their Relationship with Problematic Behavior
Authors: AKBAL BAĞCI Kardelen , PARLAK GÖZÜKARA Özge , ÇÖP Esra , GÖKER Zeynep
Published: September 2023

Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate sleep and gastrointestinal problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their relationship with each other, autism severity and problematic behavior.

Material and Methods: The children who were admitted to outpatient clinics of child psychiatry at our hospital in a 3-months period and had diagnosis of ASD according to DSM-5 were included. The parents filled Aberrant Behavior Checklist (AbBC), Rome-3 Diagnostic Questionnaire for Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Parent Report Form (QPGS-RIII), Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and sociodemographic data form. The clinician applied Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS).

Results: Ninety-seven children with ASD were included. According to QPGS-RIII, 38.1% of the cases had probable functional gastrointestinal problems. Those were 26.8% (n=26) functional constipation, 8.2% (n=8) nonretentive fecal incontinence, 2.1% (n=2) aerofaji, 3.1% (n=3) rumination syndrome, 4.1% (n=4) irritable bowel syndrome, 1% (n=1) functional abdominal pain syndrome, 1% (n=1) functional dyspepsia, 3.1% (n=3) functional abdominal pain, 1% cyclic vomiting and 1% (n=1) abdominal migraine. According to CSHQ 58.8% of the cases had sleep problems. ASD patients with functional gastrointestinal problems, had higher total scores of CSHQ, ABC and AbBC, compared to children with no functional gastrointestinal problems.

Conclusion: Our findings revealed that frequency of gastrointestinal and sleep problems were high in children with ASD. It is appropriate to evaluate patients with ASD in terms of gastrointestinal and sleep problems especially if behavioral problems accompanies. And treating gastrointestinal and sleep problems might decrease challenging behaviors that seen in ASD.
Cardiovascular assessment for non-cardiac surgery: updated European guidelines
Authors: Watkin Daniel , Montgomery Hugh , Gilbert-Kawai Ned
Published: September 2023

The 2022 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery are intended for physicians involved in the perioperative care of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, in whom heart disease is a potential source of complications. While relevant and useful, the length of the guidelines may limit widespread reading. This article summarises the guidelines, highlighting the aspects most relevant to medical staff preparing patients for surgery.
A qualitative exploration of the spiritual wellbeing of women with advanced cervical cancer in Ghana
Authors: Hobenu Kafui Abra , Naab Florence
Published: September 2023

Background:

Spiritual wellbeing is one of the most important aspects of human health, alongside physical, psychological and social factors. Religiosity/spirituality can play a critical role in the lives of people experiencing life-threatening illnesses, such as cervical cancer. Most women with cervical cancer in Africa, including Ghana, are diagnosed at the advanced stage. These women lean on their spiritual connections for strength during their illness. Despite the fact that numerous studies have been conducted on the relevance of religiosity/spirituality in the experience of cancer in other jurisdictions, the same cannot be said about Ghana. The study aims to fill this gap in the literature.

Aim:

To explore the spiritual wellbeing of women diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer in Ghana.

Method:

A qualitative explorative design was employed, with purposive sampling used to recruit 15 women with advanced cervical cancer from a cancer treatment centre of a teaching hospital in Ghana. Individual face-to-face interviews, lasting between 45–90 minutes, were used to gather information. Interviews were audio taped with participants' consent. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis.

Findings:

The following sub-themes were identified within one overarching theme of the spiritual wellbeing of women with advanced cervical cancer: the meaning of illness and acceptance; a sense of hope and religiosity; uncertainty; and the will to live.

Conclusion:

Many participants believed they were bewitched, and the devil was responsible for their cervical cancer. Healthcare providers should adopt a multi-disciplinary approach and widen their care strategies to include spirituality, to enhance the treatment outcomes of women living with advanced cervical cancer.
Mitología poshumana en El Gusano de Luis Carlos Barragán Castro: el (des)devenir de la especie humana
Authors: Mercier Claire
Published: September 2023

El artículo analiza la novela El Gusano (2018 [2021]), de Luis Carlos Barragán Castro, obra en la cual los seres pueden literalmente fusionarse y obtener rasgos compartidos. Se lee el texto  del escritor colombiano como una mitología poshumana acerca del (des)devenir de la especie humana, primero con respecto a las paradojas poshumanas de la fusión, y segundo con la fusión considerada como una mitología antropogónica paradójica. Lo anterior permitirá concluir sobre el dilema que reside en la novela acerca del hacer converger las diferencias en una comunidad.
Scarcity of congruences for the partition function
Authors: Ahlgren Scott , Beckwith Olivia , Raum Martin
Published: September 2023

abstract: The arithmetic properties of the ordinary partition function $p(n)$ have been the topic of intensive study for the past century. Ramanujan proved that there are linear congruences of the form $p(\ell n+\beta)\equiv 0$ $({\rm mod}\;\ell)$ for the primes $\ell=5,7,11$, and it is known that there are no others of this form. On the other hand, for every prime $\ell\geq 5$ there are infinitely many examples of congruences of the form $p(\ell Q^m n+\beta)\equiv 0$ $({\rm mod}\;\ell)$ where $Q\geq 5$ is prime and $m\geq 3$. This leaves open the question of the existence of such congruences when $m=1$ or $m=2$ (no examples in these cases are known). We prove in a precise sense that such congruences, if they exist, are exceedingly scarce. Our methods involve a careful study of modular forms of half integral weight on the full modular group which are related to the partition function. Among many other tools, we use work of Radu which describes expansions of such modular forms along square classes at cusps of the modular curve $X(\ell Q)$, Galois representations and the arithmetic large sieve.
The World and the Desert: A Comparative Perspective on the "Apocalypse" between Buddhism and Christianity
Authors: Divino Federico , Di Lenardo Andrea
Published: September 2023

abstract: In this essay, the concept of apocalypse, understood as the "end of the world," will be examined within the context of ancient Buddhism and Christianity. The study will focus on the genealogy and use of expressions such as lokanta, lokassa anta ṃ, and lokassa atthaṅgama , as found in the Pāli canon of Buddhism, going on to compare them with Jewish, as well as early Christian, apocalyptic literature, including the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Epistles of James and Jude, and the Gospels. The goal of this article is to identify points of convergence in the history of these two concepts of apocalypse, foregrounding the central role within both traditions of analogous socio-cultural circumstances that were actually more influential than their respective doctrinal visions. The essay will argue how the ascetic character of early Buddhism and Christianity, reflecting their opposition to the surrounding social order, contributed to the emergence of similar apocalyptic visions.
Remarks on Getting Saved in America: Taiwanese Immigration and Religious Conversion
Authors: Chen Carolyn
Published: September 2023

abstract: This article reflects Carolyn Chen's remarks at the Buddhist-Christian Studies panel on her book, Getting Saved in America: Taiwanese Immigration and Religious Conversion (Princeton, 2008) at the 2022 American Academy of Religion Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado. The article embeds the book's study of Taiwanese immigrant conversions to evangelical Christianity and Buddhism within larger patterns of migration, religious community, and ethnic formation in American history.
Quantitative gas pressure measurement by molecular spectroscopy using chip-based supercontinuum in the mid-infrared
Authors: Hwang Joonhyuk , Park Soobong , Ko Kiyoung , Suk Daewon , Lee Yong-Hee , Choi Duk-Yong , Rotermund Fabian , Ko Kwang-Hoon , Lee Hansuek
Published: September 2023

We demonstrate the quantitative pressure measurement of gas molecules in the mid-infrared using chip-based supercontinuum and cepstrum analysis without additional measurements for baseline normalization. A supercontinuum generated in an on-chip waveguide made of chalcogenide glass having high nonlinearity passes through CO gas and provides a transmission spectrum. The gas absorption information is deconvoluted from the original supercontinuum spectral information containing temporal fluctuation by cepstrum analysis and extracted simply by applying a bandpass filter in the temporal domain. The gas pressure estimated from the extracted absorption information is consistent with the value measured by a pressure gauge within a difference of 1.25%, despite spectral fluctuations in the supercontinuum baseline comparable to the spectral depth of the gas absorption lines.
Diffraction-based nonlinear model for the design of broadband adiabatic up-conversion imaging
Authors: Coen Tom , Mrejen Michael , Suchowski Haim
Published: September 2023

In recent years, mid-infrared parametric upconversion imaging, a nonlinear optical method that involves converting mid-infrared light into visible images, has significantly advanced and has shown considerable potential for various applications, including biomedical imaging and remote sensing. While diffraction-based parametric upconversion imaging modeling in standard thin birefringence crystals have been addressed, the numerical framework developed so far fails to address long aperiodic poled crystals. Specifically, diffraction-based analysis of the recent broadband adiabatic frequency upconversion imaging, which allows simultaneous image upconversion of extremely broadband signals is still lacking. Here, we introduce a diffraction-based numerical simulation framework for predicting the evolution of the nonlinear image/signal generation in upconversion imaging systems. This generalized framework can handle both periodically and aperiodically poled crystal designs. Specifically, the model captures faithfully and addresses the varying image magnification arising from upconversion at a Fourier plane of a multiwavelength object. The numerical simulations are validated by experimental measurements of broadband upconversion 3-5 µm mid-IR images to the visible-NIR, showing a good agreement. Moreover, the model allows the exploration of the trade-offs in the spectral span when moving to the full visible range. Our numerical framework will be useful for the interpretation of experimental results obtained in an imaging setting with nonlinear optical elements.
Reconfigurable three multi-mode terahertz metasurface
Authors: Li Jiu-Sheng , Ren Jia-Hui , Xiong Ri-Hui
Published: September 2023

We designed a three reconfigurable multi-mode terahertz metasurface based on a concentric elliptical ring structure. The proposed unit cell is a concentric elliptical ring composed of copper, vanadium oxide and photosensitive silicon from the inside ring to the outside ring. The conductivity of photosensitive silicon and vanadium oxide can be adjusted by changing the external operating temperature and pump light intensity. The same unit cell can reconstruct three kinds of states with different properties, and they have completely different transmission characteristics in various terahertz bands. By encoding the arrangement, through changing external stimulus and operating frequencies, the reconfigurable terahertz metasurface can achieve multiple functions including terahertz focusing with adjustable focal length, vortex beam with different topological charge, and near-field imaging with different patterns. It provides what we believe to be a new idea for the field of information security and the design of multifunctional and multifrequency terahertz devices.
Metamaterial absorber optimization method based on an artificial neural network surrogate
Authors: Liu Zi-Xin , Jin Jing , Chen Li-Jie , Fu Jia-Ping , Lin Hai
Published: September 2023

Finding the optimal design parameters for the target EM response of a metamaterial absorber is still a challenging task even if the layout of the absorber has been determined. To effectively address this issue, we introduce the idea of surrogate-based optimization into the area of metamaterial absorber design. This paper proposes a surrogate based optimization method combining artificial neural network (ANN) and trust region algorithm for metamaterial absorbers. Each optimization iteration utilizes the optimal solution from the previous iteration and the sample points surrounding it as the training dataset to build an effective ANN surrogate model. To improve the convergence of the optimization method for metamaterial absorbers based on ANN surrogate model, we incorporate a trust region algorithm. The proposed method employs a simple forward neural network architecture and requires less training data, leading to a quick convergence towards the target solution after only a few iterations. Compared to the three commonly used alternative methods, the proposed method can optimize geometric and material parameters more efficiently in the same time. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by two examples of electromagnetic optimizations of metamaterial absorbers.
Deep photonic reservoir computer based on frequency multiplexing with fully analog connection between layers
Authors: Lupo Alessandro , Picco Enrico , Zajnulina Marina , Massar Serge
Published: September 2023

Reservoir computers (RCs) are randomized recurrent neural networks well adapted to process time series, performing tasks such as nonlinear distortion compensation or prediction of chaotic dynamics. Deep reservoir computers (deep-RCs), in which the output of one reservoir is used as the input for another one, can lead to improved performance because, as in other deep artificial neural networks, the successive layers represent the data in more and more abstract ways. We present a fiber-based photonic implementation of a two-layer deep-RC based on frequency multiplexing. The two RC layers are encoded in two frequency combs propagating in the same experimental setup. The connection between the layers is fully analog and does not require any digital processing. We find that the deep-RC outperforms a traditional RC by up to two orders of magnitude on two benchmark tasks. This work paves the way towards using fully analog photonic neuromorphic computing for complex processing of time series, while avoiding costly analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversions.
A compact 20-pass thin-disk multipass amplifier stable against thermal lensing effects and delivering 330 mJ pulses with M² < 1.17
Authors: Zeyen Manuel , Affolter Lukas , Ahmed Marwan Abdou , Graf Thomas , KARA OGUZHAN , Kirch Klaus , Marszalek Miroslaw , Nez Francois , Ouf Ahmed , Pohl Randolf , Rajamohanan Siddharth , Yzombard Pauline , Schuhmann Karsten , Antognini Aldo
Published: September 2023

We report on an Yb:YAG thin-disk multipass amplifier delivering 50 ns long pulses at a central wavelength of 1030 nm with an energy of 330 mJ at a repetition rate of 100 Hz. The beam quality factor at the maximum energy was measured to be M² = 1.17. The small signal gain is 20, and the gain at 330 mJ was measured to be 6.9. The 20-pass amplifier is designed as a concatenation of stable resonator segments in which the beam is alternately Fourier transformed and relay-imaged back to the disk by a 4f-imaging optical scheme stage. The Fourier transform propagation makes the output beam robust against spherical phase front distortions, while the 4f-stage is used to compensate the thermal lens of the thin-disk and to reduce the footprint of the amplifier.
Continuous evaluation of cost-to-go for flexible reaching control and online decisions
Authors: De Comite Antoine , Lefèvre Philippe , Crevecoeur Frédéric
Published: September 2023

Humans consider the parameters linked to movement goal during reaching to adjust their control strategy online. Indeed, rapid changes in target structure or disturbances interfering with their initial plan elicit rapid changes in behavior. Here, we hypothesize that these changes could result from the continuous use of a decision variable combining motor and cognitive components. We combine an optimal feedback controller with a real-time evaluation of the expected cost-to-go, which considers target- and movement-related costs, in a common theoretical framework. This model reproduces human behaviors in presence of changes in the target structure occurring during movement and of online decisions to flexibly change target following external perturbations. It also predicts that the time taken to decide to select a novel goal after a perturbation depends on the amplitude of the disturbance and on the rewards of the different options, which is a direct result of the continuous monitoring of the cost-to-go. We show that this result was present in our previously collected dataset. Together our developments point towards a continuous evaluation of the cost-to-go during reaching to update control online and make efficient decisions about movement goal.
A digital twin reproducing gene regulatory network dynamics of early Ciona embryos indicates robust buffers in the network
Authors: Tokuoka Miki , Satou Yutaka
Published: September 2023

How gene regulatory networks (GRNs) encode gene expression dynamics and how GRNs evolve are not well understood, although these problems have been studied extensively. We created a digital twin that accurately reproduces expression dynamics of 13 genes that initiate expression in 32-cell ascidian embryos. We first showed that gene expression patterns can be manipulated according to predictions by this digital model. Next, to simulate GRN rewiring, we changed regulatory functions that represented their regulatory mechanisms in the digital twin, and found that in 55 of 100 cases, removal of a single regulator from a conjunctive clause of Boolean functions did not theoretically alter qualitative expression patterns of these genes. In other words, we found that more than half the regulators gave theoretically redundant temporal or spatial information to target genes. We experimentally substantiated that the expression pattern ofNodalwas maintained without one of these factors, Zfpm, by changing the upstream regulatory sequence ofNodal. Such robust buffers of regulatory mechanisms may provide a basis of enabling developmental system drift, or rewiring of GRNs without changing expression patterns of downstream genes, during evolution.
Stakeholder perspectives on interventions to improve HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake and continuation in Lesotho: A participant-ranked preferences study
Authors: Chebet Joy J. , McMahon Shannon A. , Chase Rachel P. , Tarumbiswa Tapiwa , Maponga Chivimbiso , Mandara Esther , Bärnighausen Till , Geldsetzer Pascal
Published: September 2023

Low uptake and high discontinuation remain major obstacles to realizing the potential of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in changing the trajectory of the HIV epidemic. We conducted a card sorting and ranking exercise with 155 local stakeholders to determine their views on the most important barriers and most promising interventions to achieving high PrEP coverage. Stakeholders were a purposive sample of PrEP policymakers and implementing partners (n = 7), healthcare providers (n = 51), and end-users (n = 97). End-users included adults who were currently using PrEP (n = 55), formerly using PrEP (n = 36), and those who were offered PrEP but declined (n = 6). Participants sorted pre-selected interventions and barriers to PrEP coverage into three piles–most, somewhat, and least important. Participants then ranked interventions and barriers in the “most important” piles in ascending order of significance. Ranked preferences were analyzed as voting data to identify the smallest set of candidates for which each candidate in the set would win in a two-candidate election against any candidate outside the set. Participants viewed a lack of PrEP awareness as the most important barrier to PrEP uptake for women, and a fear of HIV testing for men. Community-based HIV testing was ranked as the most promising intervention to improve PrEP uptake for both men and women. Perceived or experienced stigma was seen as an important barrier for PrEP continuation for both men and women, with an additional important barrier for men being daily activities that compete with the time needed to take a daily pill. Adherence counseling and multi-month PrEP prescriptions were seen as the most promising interventions to improve PrEP continuation. Our findings suggest community-based activities that generate PrEP demand (community-based HIV testing and mass media campaigns), reinforced with facility-based follow-up (counseling and multi-month prescription) could be promising interventions for PrEP programs that are aimed at the general adult population.
“Why take the patient back home?”: Exploring the lived experiences of caregivers of COVID-19-infected individuals in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda , Nyirenda Deborah , Suwedi-Kapesa Leticia , Chirwa Marumbo , Mwapasa Victor
Published: September 2023

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to have serious health and socio-economic consequences. In Malawi, COVID-19 cases are managed at home, with hospital admission reserved for severe cases. This study described the lived experiences of caregivers of COVID-19-infected individuals in Blantyre, Malawi. This descriptive qualitative study was conducted from January to June 2021 in Blantyre, Malawi, among caregivers of confirmed SARS-COV-2 cases enrolled in the SARS-CoV-2 study and aimed to explore infections, transmission dynamics, and household impact. We conducted 37 in-depth interviews with caregivers of SARS-COV-2 cases who were purposively sampled. We captured data using telephonic interviews, digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, managed using NVivo, and analysed it using a thematic approach guided by the theory of caregiving dynamics. Caregivers stated that the economic status of a family largely influenced caregiving roles and abilities because it determined the resources that a household could access or not. Caregivers expressed being committed to their role despite being ill-prepared to manage a COVID-19 patient at home, in addition to fears about the contagious nature of COVID-19. They prioritised their patients’ health by ensuring that they were present to offer nutritional and medical treatment. Caregivers highlighted challenges faced in the implementation of preventive measures because of financial limitations and cultural factors. They further expressed fear resulting from the increase in death rates, and the lack of proper information challenged their expectation of having their patients healed. Caregivers stated that they managed their role by sharing responsibilities, getting better at it with time, and getting support from religious institutions and social networks. Caring for confirmed cases of COVID-19 demanded commitment from the caregivers while ensuring that the transmission of the virus was minimised. There is a need to support households in isolation with the right information on how to manage their patients and streamline social support for the ultra-poor.