bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physics as Political Theory in Imperial Roman Literature
Authors: Gorey Matthew M.
Published: January 2025

This article examines the use of political metaphors and analogies in ancient discussions of Epicurean atomism, ranging from the philosophical dialogues of Cicero in the 1st century BC to Claudian’s epic invective In Rufinum in the 390s AD. Building on earlier scholarship that traces the emergence of monarchical and imperial analogies for the Greco-Roman pantheon in Post-Hellenistic philosophy, I argue that ancient critics of atomism shared a common tendency to depict Epicurean physics as the conceptual opposite of a well-ordered state. In particular, depictions of Epicurean theology as a form of divine ‘banishment’ and of atomic cosmology as a form of cosmic ‘democracy’ or ‘anarchy’ appear in texts by a wide range of Greek and Roman authors, revealing the great extent to which philosophical disagreements over atomic physics were influenced by political and social ideas.
The Nature of British Propaganda in Their African Colonies during World War II
Authors: Owino Meshack
Published: January 2025

This article examines the changing nature of colonial government propaganda in Kenya during World War II. It contends that colonial wartime discourse was not constant and static, but eclectic, always changing to reflect the major issues of the war. When the war began, the propaganda focused on announcing the war in a way that could help mobilize the support of the British colonial African subjects, and, as the war progressed and changed, so did the colonial propaganda for the Africans to sustain that support. By examining the changing patterns of colonial wartime propaganda in Kenya, this article contributes to our understanding of the major issues in the colonial propaganda during the war, how and why the issues kept changing, and how the colonial powers tried to keep up the pace with these changes in their propaganda in order to maintain the support of their African colonial subjects during the war. An examination of the changing nature of colonial propaganda also provides some context for understanding why many Africans became disappointed with colonial powers after the war and started fighting against colonialism in Africa. Finally, based largely on archival materials, the article also helps supplement the existing literature on colonial propaganda in Africa during World War II.
On some Curculionidae incertae sedis (Coleoptera) named by Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828)
Authors: PRENA JENS
Published: January 2025

Type specimens of three European and ten South African weevil species named by Thunberg were examined, photographed and classified. Four of them, all from South Africa, have valid or potentially valid names. Acallopistus vitellus (Thunberg, 1813) is the valid name for A. guttatus (Boheman, 1835), new synonym and Gymnetron fimbriatum (Thunberg, 1813), new combination is the valid name for G. hirsutum (Rosenschöld, 1838), new synonym. Eleven other names are referred to Bronchus Germar, Hypera Germar, Isorhynchus Schönherr, Otiorhynchus Germar, Phlyctinus Schönherr and Tanymecus Germar and to the tribes Anoplini, Cyphicerini, Oosomini and Tanyrhynchini.
Perspectives of Rehabilitation Professionals on Long COVID Interventions to Facilitate Return-to-Work
Authors: MacKinnon Cassandra , Castro-Barquero Cassandra , Kontis Alexandra , Patrice Vanessa , Nadarajah Mayoore , Janaudis-Ferreira Tania
Published: January 2025

Background. The severe functional impact of long COVID presents a significant challenge for clients seeking to return to work. Despite emerging clinical management guidelines, long COVID remains a concern in the rehabilitation field. There is a need to establish optimal practices for sustainable rehabilitation paths that enhance the recovery of clients with long COVID, all while understanding the challenges faced by rehabilitation professionals working with this population. Purpose. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of rehabilitation professionals intervening in long COVID rehabilitation with the goal of returning to work. Methods. A qualitative study was conducted involving online semi-structured interviews with rehabilitation professionals in Quebec from public and private sectors across various regions who had experience treating individuals with long COVID. Thematic analysis was employed for data analysis. Findings. Nine rehabilitation professionals participated in the study, yielding five themes: (a) reassessment of RTW goals; (b) education and self-management as primary interventions; (c) gradually reintegrating daily activities and life habits; (d) progression of interventions and dealing with post-exertional malaise (PEM); and (e) challenges in long COVID rehabilitation. Conclusion. Education, gradual activation and self-management appear as central components in supporting patient recovery, however, achieving return to work remains challenging without proper accommodations.
Carlo Levi and Primo Levi: Two critiques of eternal fascism
Authors: Pugliese Stanislao
Published: January 2025

Carlo Levi and Primo Levi both came from the extraordinarily fertile soil of Turinese antifascism. The two were fundamentally different in character and outlook: Carlo gregarious, extroverted, expansive; Primo reserved, introverted, even shy. Their critique of an “eternal fascism” shared a lineage from Piero Gobetti to Norberto Bobbio, passing through Giustizia e Libertà and the Partito d’Azione. The two Levis shared this theory of fascism's irradicable persistence as well as a radical humanism that they felt was our last remaining weapon against tyranny. This must be seen not just as a bulwark against fascism but as the only possible way of organizing human society in the 21st century.
Role of Communication Technologies in the Processes of Socio-Political Destabilization of North African Countries
Authors: Shishkina Alisa
Published: January 2025

This article aims to analyse the role played by the latest information and communication technologies in the processes of socio-political destabilization in North African countries. First of all, we are talking about the events of the Arab Spring, during which the trend of the influence of the Internet on mass movements perhaps reached its apogee. Communicative factors such as, for example, the number of Internet users in each of the countries under consideration, including the number of mobile and fixed connections, the number of social network users, the impact of censorship in the media space, the role of satellite channels, as well as the presence of a high number of mosques in large cities are considered as spaces capable of accumulating large numbers of people. Qualitative comparative analysis is chosen as a tool for analysing the data. The author concludes that only some aspects of the spread of the newest media have a noticeable impact on the dynamics of revolutionary activity. Thus, the widespread use of the Internet did not affect the escalation of protest activity, while the ability to connect to social networks played an important role.
Site Value Taxation Policy in Kenya: Unravelling the African Legacy of Georgist Political Economy
Authors: K’Akumu Owiti A.
Published: January 2025

Henry George made a remedial call for site value tax paid by the owner of the land based on the potential annual rental value of whatever land is held. Land, in this context, refers to the surface areas of the earth that serve as development sites, especially within urban jurisdictions, and are typically subject to some form of property taxation. Henry George’s ideas on land taxation influenced tax policies in countries colonized by the British, in particular, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and South Africa. However, his influence in Africa has not been explored. Taking Kenya as a case country, this study investigates the diffusion of George’s ideas in Africa and to Kenya, examines the implementation of these ideas in Kenya and evaluates the outcome of their application to draw insights from the Kenyan experience. The study found that Henry George’s idea of site value taxation, introduced to the country through South Africa under the influence of the British Liberal Party, is the driving factor of urban land taxation in Kenya. In this respect, the unimproved site value remains the principal land tax levied in Kenya to date. However, the single tax proposal was not considered by the policymakers in the process of land taxation policy development.
Evaluation of the relationship between the bone alignment of the lower extremity and the importance of Q angle in male athletes
Authors: Gülfırat Ömür , Ekinci Mehmet , Kumak Aliasker , Tazegül Ünsal
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Evaluating the mechanical–anatomical alignment and angles of the knee joint is crucial for athletes. We aimed to analyse the relationship between lower extremity bone alignment and the importance of the Q angle (QA) in male athletes.

Methods

We included 38 male professional football athletes without any alignment or varus-valgus deformity who actively played football in various football clubs in Istanbul. This study was conducted using quantitative research methods within the scope of a cohort study design and employed a correlational survey method. A health specialist at the orthopaedic outpatient clinic of the Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, evaluated the participants’ lower extremity bone alignment using standing anteroposterior radiographs and assessed the QA using the goniometric measurement method. The anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and QA data were analysed to assess lower extremity straightness.

Results

Significant relationships between the right and left leg aLDFA, MPTA and QA values of the participants’ lower extremity mechanical axis values and between the aLDFA and right leg QA values ( r = 0.380, p = 0.019) were found. These relationships were attributed to the difference between proximal and distal alignments of the lower extremities. The correlation between QA and certain mechanical alignment parameters was due to unilateral and bilateral symmetrical arrangements of the lower extremities.

Conclusions

The parameters of lower extremity mechanical–anatomical alignment are considered preliminary indicators of relationships among sports injuries, structural factors and predisposition to such injuries. Individual differences in the angular values of mechanical–anatomical alignment and the application of different methods for determining these angles have revealed some uncertainties. We determined the mechanical axis data of football athletes who predominantly used their lower extremities using the most reliable methods and examined the relationship among the right and left leg aLDFA, MPTA and QA values. We believe that our findings provide insights and guidance for experts in the field.
Blackfoot legal traditions, treaty-making, and non-territorial forms of settler jurisdiction? Niitsitapi oral histories of Treaty 7
Authors: Fabris Michael
Published: January 2025

In this article, I discuss Blackfoot oral histories of Treaty 7, an agreement the Blackfoot confederacy entered into with the Canadian government and two other Indigenous nations in September of 1877. Drawing from critical legal and legal geographic studies, I deploy jurisdiction as an analytical concept, exploring the ways jurisdiction can give concrete form to Indigenous understandings of treaty as a means of ‘sharing’ the land with settlers. I argue that, for the Blackfoot Confederacy members that participated in the making of Treaty 7, this agreement did not represent the surrender of land or extinguishment of Blackfoot legal traditions, but the continuation of Blackfoot jurisdiction across the confederacy’s traditional territories. I also discuss Northwest Mounted Police (NWMP) Lieutenant-Colonel MacLeod’s positive relationship with Blackfoot confederacy members. I contend this relationship with MacLeod and the NWMP contributed to a Blackfoot understanding of Canadian law as governing relations between people. Thus, through entering into Treaty 7 with Crown representatives, the Blackfoot Confederacy representatives were recognizing Canadian jurisdiction as a non-territorial form of authority governing the conduct of settlers, a form of recognition that is far different from agreeing to surrender land title and accepting Crown sovereignty.
Seeing the Forest for the Holixec Learning Trees
Authors: Peterson Mark
Published: January 2025

Macromarketing puts business activity in context. Accordingly, this commentary seeks to put Wided Batat's MECCDAL Method of holixec education into context. Unlike the fine arts and design study programs which highly value innovation, business schools value innovation less so. Accordingly, a compelling case needs to accompany Batat's proposal to win early adopters to the MECCDAL Method of holixec education. One path for doing this might be to more strongly position the MECCDAL Method as a means for business schools to more effectively focus on sustainability education in order to stem global warming in a timely manner. Batat would do well to shift the theoretical grounding of holixec education away from the writings of Bourdieu (which emphasize the exclusionary aspect of academic qualifications) to those of Becker's human capital development theory in economics. In this way, holixec education would be aligned more closely with social mobility in society. Such alignment would lead developers of holixec education to focus on practical deliverables to students and their families, such as improved employability for those graduating from holixec education programs. Questions for the development of holixec education, such as what students are best suited for holixec education, what institutions are most ready to embrace holixec education, what are the role of accounting and finance learning in holixec education, and what are the role of quantiative disciiplines (economics, statistics, and consumer behavior) in holixec education and in faculty research? Answering these questions will help many holixec learning trees take root and form a forest of holixec learning trees in the future.
Meta-Education: Reimagining how—and What—we Teach in Business Schools
Authors: Kozinets Robert V.
Published: January 2025

This paper comments on Wided Batat's thought provoking article on holixec education. Batat's framework offers numerous insights about the integration of holistic practices with execution-oriented strategies and I praise its innovation, iconoclasm, and broad scope. However, my commentary raises concerns about the potential limitations of neglecting theoretical knowledge and the significant demands placed on both instructors and students. Furthermore, my commentary questions the emphasis on secular humanism as a pedagogical philosophy, particularly in the context of spiritual development and individual empowerment. It explores the implications of the Dunning-Kruger Effect for self-directed learning and the potential for incorporating hybrid models that blend theory and practice. Finally, my commentary calls for an increased critical engagement with the broader social and environmental context of business education, advocating for “meta-education” that challenges the status quo and empowers future leaders to address pressing global challenges.
The prognostic impact of arterial spin labeling hyperperfusion in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jin Yu , Bai Xi , Guo Da , Guo Zhiwei
Published: January 2025

Hyperperfusion is related to vessel recanalization, tissue reperfusion, and collateral circulation. To determine the prognostic impact of hyperperfusion after an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) identified by arterial spin labeling (ASL) cerebral blood flow. Studies published in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Studies assessing the diagnostic performance of ASL hyperperfusion after AIS were included. Functional prognosis, hemorrhagic transformation (HT), infarction volume, and penumbra salvage volume were evaluated. The standardized mean difference or risk ratio was pooled, implementing a random effect model. Multiple subgroup analyses were performed. Seven studies including 617 participants were included in this meta-analysis. ASL hyperperfusion in AIS was correlated well with symptom severity and outcome after 24 h National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Earlier ASL hyperperfusion was associated with a smaller infarction volume and a larger penumbra salvage volume, while also indicating a higher risk of HT. In addition, in subgroup analysis, our results demonstrated that thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy treatment, early improvement of NIHSS, and involving infarction in cortical territory are associated with ASL hyperperfusion. ASL hyperperfusion was related to a favorable functional outcome but an increased risk of HT. Stroke patients with hyperperfusion showed smaller infarction volume and larger penumbra salvage volume than those with non-hyperperfusion.
3D MRI with CT-like bone contrast (3D-BONE): a pictorial review of clinical applications
Authors: Goh Calvin Yit Kun , Mohamed Ali Parveen Sulthana , Lee Kathy Hwee Choo , Sim Fang Yang , Chong Le Roy
Published: January 2025

Background

Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard imaging modality for the assessment of 3D bony morphology but incurs the cost of ionizing radiation exposure. High-resolution 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with CT-like bone contrast (CLBC) may provide an alternative to CT in allowing complete evaluation of both bony and soft tissue structures with a single MRI examination.

Purpose

To review the technical aspects of an optimized stack-of-stars 3D gradient recalled echo pulse sequence method (3D-Bone) in generating 3D MR images with CLBC, and to present a pictorial review of the utility of 3D-Bone in the clinical assessment of common musculoskeletal conditions.

Material and Methods

3D-Bone is a black-bone imaging technique for acquiring high-resolution 3D MR images with strong CLBC, achieved by first rendering as high a signal as possible from non-cortical bone tissues, and second by minimizing signal contrast between non-cortical bone tissues.

Results

3D-Bone can be used in the clinical evaluation of bony morphology in common musculoskeletal conditions. Advantages include strong bone-soft tissue contrast, resistance to motion artefacts, simple hardware and software requirements, and straightforward image processing. Disadvantages include non-specificity for cortical bone, sensitivity to susceptibility artefacts, a lack of quantitative tissue measurements, as well as overall lower image resolution and bone-soft tissue contrast compared to CT.

Conclusion

The use of 3D MRI pulse sequences providing CLBC such as 3D-Bone could potentially offer complete clinical evaluation of bony morphology and soft tissues with a single MRI study for certain clinical indications, negating the need for ionizing radiation exposure from CT and reducing costs.
Infarct core segmentation using U-Net in CT perfusion imaging: a feasibility study
Authors: Yang Ching-Ching , Chen Shih-Sheng
Published: January 2025

Background

The wide variability in thresholds on computed tomography (CT) perfusion parametric maps has led to controversy in the stroke imaging community about the most accurate measurement of core infarction.

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of using U-Net to perform infarct core segmentation in CT perfusion imaging.

Material and Methods

CT perfusion parametric maps were the input of U-Net, while the ground truth segmentation was determined based on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The dataset used in this study was from the ISLES2018 challenge, which contains 63 acute stroke patients receiving CT perfusion imaging and DWI within 8 h of stroke onset. The segmentation accuracy of model outputs was assessed by calculating Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity, and intersection over union (IoU).

Results

The highest DSC was observed in U-Net taking mean transit time (MTT) or time-to-maximum (Tmax) as input. Meanwhile, the highest sensitivity and IoU were observed in U-Net taking Tmax as input. A DSC in the range of 0.2–0.4 was found in U-Net taking Tmax as input when the infarct area contains < 1000 pixels. A DSC of 0.4–0.6 was found in U-Net taking Tmax as input when the infarct area contains 1000–1999 pixels. A DSC value of 0.6–0.8 was found in U-Net taking Tmax as input when the infarct area contains ≥ 2000 pixels.

Conclusion

Our model achieved good performance for infarct area containing ≥ 2000 pixels, so it may assist in identifying patients who are contraindicated for intravenous thrombolysis.
Varied terminology by radiologists to describe Bosniak class III and IV cystic renal masses
Authors: Yoon Acacia , Tse Justin R
Published: January 2025

Background

The Bosniak classification is designed to standardize evaluation of cystic renal masses and to communicate the risk of malignancy.

Purpose

To determine whether radiologists vary in their communication of Bosniak class III and IV cystic renal masses.

Material and Methods

This retrospective study included 186 patients with CT or MRI reporting a Bosniak class III or IV mass. Radiology reports were evaluated to determine the noun representing the mass, the modifier to convey the likelihood of cancer, and recommendations for urologic referral. Electronic medical records were reviewed to determine if the patient saw a urologist.

Results

Of the patients, 112 (60%) had a class III mass and 74 (40%) had a class IV mass. Class III masses were more likely to be represented by the noun “lesion” rather than a “mass” (61/112 [54%] vs. 31/112 [28%]). Class IV masses are more likely to be represented as a “mass” (36/74 [59%] vs. 28/74 [38%]; P < 0.015). Cancer was described in 100/186 (54%) cases: 38/112 (35%) class III masses and 62/74 (72%) class IV masses ( P < 0.001). The cancer terminology used included “renal cell carcinoma” (n = 57), “neoplasm” (n = 12), and “malignancy/malignant” (n = 86). Most radiology reports (n = 133, 72%) did not recommend urologic referral but 183 (98%) patients were referred and 181 (97%) ultimately saw a urologist.

Conclusion

Radiologists vary in their communication of class III and IV masses, reflecting historical terminology usage, nuanced interpretations, and an evolving understanding of renal cell carcinoma biology. This variance had minimal impact on urologic referral rates.
Robert’s uterus treated with ultrasound-guided laparoscopy and hysteroscopy: a case report
Authors: Li Jiying , Yue Hongping , Hu Hongwen , Li Yin , Sheng Huanhuan , Wu Chengxing
Published: January 2025

We report the case of a woman in her early 30 s who was diagnosed with Robert’s uterus. She had been experiencing progressive dysmenorrhea for a decade and sought treatment for infertility at our hospital. Preoperative ultrasound imaging resulted in a misdiagnosis of a complete uterine septum with an accompanying ovarian cyst. However, intraoperative ultrasound-guided laparoscopy and hysteroscopy confirmed the presence of an asymmetric mediastinal uterus with a blind cavity, consistent with Robert’s uterus, along with endometriosis. We performed a combined hysteroscopy and laparoscopy to excise the septum and endometrial cyst in the uterine cavity, and we inserted a uterine cavity stent to prevent postoperative intrauterine adhesions. Subsequent evaluations confirmed the success of the surgical and postoperative treatment strategies. The findings in this case suggest that despite the risk of a misdiagnosis before surgery, accurate assessment and effective surgical intervention for Robert’s uterus can be achieved by the combined application of hysteroscopy and laparoscopy, with guidance by ultrasound. Furthermore, our findings highlight the importance of addressing concurrent conditions in the management of Robert’s uterus.
Modeling and Analysis of Mandatory Merging Decision Behavior Considering Temporal and Spatial Risks
Authors: Yan Xuyichen , Li Gen , Wu Lan , Cheng Wanrong , Zhao Le , Min Haigen
Published: January 2025

This paper analyzes the effects and potential causes of different variables on drivers’ mandatory merging decision behavior by constructing temporal and spatial dimensional merging risk indicators. This study employs the grouped latent class logit model (GLCM) and the grouped random parameter logit model with heterogeneity in means and variances (GRPMV) to analyze group heterogeneity and individual heterogeneity, respectively, and compared their goodness-of-fit and classification performance with other heterogeneity models. GLCM allows for the identification of latent classes among drivers, capturing unobserved heterogeneity by grouping drivers into distinct behavioral categories. Meanwhile, GRPMV provides a nuanced analysis of individual heterogeneity by accounting for variations in both means and variances of the parameters. The results suggest that merging risk has an important impact on the modeling of merging decision behavior, which can significantly improve the fitting performance of the model and effectively reveal unobserved group heterogeneity. In GRPMV, merging risk in the time dimension has the greatest impact on drivers’ merging decision behavior. In GLCM, individuals in different latent classes exhibit varying sensitivity to the presence of merging risk in merging situations. The parameter estimation results show the driving behavior characteristics of “conservative” and “aggressive” drivers. The results provide a theoretical basis for establishing a more comprehensive collision risk response identification function for autonomous vehicles in weaving areas and contribute to the enhancement of real-time decision-making processes in complex traffic scenarios.
Using Point-of-View Video Self-Prompting to Teach Algebra to Secondary Students With High-Incidence Disabilities
Authors: Clees Tom J. , Clinton Elias
Published: January 2025

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of point-of-view video self-prompting (VSP), with narration, delivered via an iPad, in teaching four secondary students with high-incidence disabilities to solve algebraic equations requiring the use of the distributive property. Participants were taught to independently use an iPad to self-deliver video prompts of each of 30 steps required to solve the algebraic equations. A multiple probe across participants design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Dependent measures included the percentage of steps correct and the percentage of problems correct on novel problems during baseline, pre-VSP session probes, and maintenance and generalization probes. Three of four participants’ data evidenced a functional relation between the VSP intervention and solving the targeted algebraic equations. Participants’ skills maintained to varying degrees. In addition, participants’ skills generalized to a similar but untaught equation type. Limitations and implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Media Visibility and Migrant Voices: Representational Segregation in the Nordic Platform Economy
Authors: Hua Maizi
Published: January 2025

The expansion of the platform economy has captured considerable media attention, yet the representation of platform workers in the media, particularly migrant workers, remains under-researched. This article investigates the media representation of migrant platform workers in Norway by analyzing 245 newspaper articles and 23 in-depth interviews with migrant food couriers. This article introduces the term ‘representational segregation’ to demonstrate how media representation of platform workers, characterized by hostile narratives, fluctuating media visibility, and exclusion of migrants’ voices, can contribute to the segregation between local society and migrant workers. Furthermore, migrant workers themselves engage in a form of segregation practice, characterized by their indifference to media, imagined negative representation, and intentional distancing from the media spotlight. This mutual representational segregation is rooted in the ostensibly egalitarian Nordic welfare system and exploitative tendencies within platform capitalism targeting racialized populations. This article enriches research on platformized racial capitalism through a Nordic lens.
Bridging the theory-practice divide in public administration: A virtuous pragmatic approach of Wang Yangming and William James
Authors: Ni Yifeng , Liu Ning
Published: January 2025

Public administration (PA) is a practical discipline that faces persistent challenges in establishing effective connections between researchers and practitioners. This divide between theory and practice hinders practitioners’ use of research findings and the integration of practical experiences into scholarly work. Bridging this divide holds practical significance and leads to a deeper understanding of PA’s disciplinary identity as more than just a form of science. This paper brings together the philosophies of Western thinker William James and ancient Eastern philosopher Wang Yangming, promoting a virtuous pragmatic approach to bridge the theory–practice divide in PA. This approach offers a teleological and embodied perspective on knowledge, providing a nuanced framework for understanding the theory–practice divide. By drawing on Wang’s coherent virtue–ethical framework and James’ embodiment and pragmatic philosophy, this paper argues that unifying theory and practice requires establishing a common purpose that is perceptually familiar to both parties. Moreover, shaping and acting on this purpose inherently involves cultivating the virtues of Cheng (Sincerity, 诚) and Ren (Benevolence, 仁). Grounded in the virtuous pragmatic approach, we introduce a three–stage research praxis framework to guide the research process and encourage practitioner engagement in existing research endeavors. This study serves as a valuable contribution to bridging the theory–practice divide in PA and advancing pragmatic PA studies in both Eastern and Western cultural contexts.
Hierarchical design method for hybrid equipment used in friction stir welding
Authors: Ni Yanbing , Xu Xing , Cui Yizhang , Lu Chenghao , Liu Haitao , Wen Yang
Published: January 2025

The proposed hybrid equipment for friction stir welding (FSW) focuses on balancing heavy load capacity and compact size. The kinematics and static compliance of the chosen mechanism are modeled and analyzed. Comprehensive objectives, including kinematic performance, static compliance, and overall machine quality, are considered. On this basis, a scale optimization domain and a compliance-constrained domain are established. A multi-layer grid optimization strategy is then implemented, progressing from the subsystem level to the entire machine to refine the design. Optimal parameters are identified through a detailed search in the size domain. This leads to the definition of three-dimensional design parameters for creating a digital prototype of the hybrid equipment, resulting in a structured hierarchical design method and process.
Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Osteosarcoma: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Authors: Cai Zhenhai , Pan Jieen , He Xiaojun , Wang Wenmin , Zhou Zhengwei
Published: January 2025

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a predominant malignancy among children and adolescents, ranked third in frequency after lymphoma and leukemia. It presents a significant risk of metastasis, particularly to the lungs and distal bones, leading to severe disease progression and increased mortality. Current treatment modalities, primarily surgery and chemotherapy, are associated with considerable side effects and variable prognoses, underscoring the urgent need for novel, more effective, and less harmful therapeutic options. Flavonoids, naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds, have shown promising potential in the management of OS. This article evaluates the molecular mechanisms through which flavonoids exert therapeutic effects on OS and explores their potential in developing innovative treatments. The review provides insights into their roles in inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and modulating key signaling pathways in OS cells by examining the anticancer properties of specific flavonoids such as apigenin, quercetin, and baicalein. The comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to advancing flavonoid-based therapies, opening new avenues for practical and safer OS treatments.
Remittances and Reverse Remittances: Bidirectional Flow Analysis in Punjab’s Migration Context
Authors: Gill Harleen
Published: January 2025

There are numerous studies on the transnational flow of remittances, which normally indicate the transfer of money from immigrants to their families in their home countries. However, the concept of reverse remittances—the flow of money from home countries to destination countries—has so far received little attention in India, particularly in Punjab. This article explores the phenomenon of the two-way flow of remittances by demonstrating how socio-economic dynamics mediate the practice of remittance-sending, remittance-receiving and both among the Punjabi migrants. These economic flows reflect an indirect reciprocity system of mutual responsibilities that persist over long durations, which can at times lead to financial strain for both the migrants and their families in Punjab. The use of a multinomial logistic regression model reveals that demographic factors of migrants and the financial status of migrant’s households play pivotal roles in shaping the flow of remittances and reverse remittances.
Team Personality Composition: A fsQCA and NCA Approach to Team Innovation
Authors: Cangialosi Nicola , Odoardi Carlo
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to explore how team members’ Big Five traits might be arranged, determining both the necessary and sufficient conditions for team innovation. Utilizing a two-wave sample of 307 employees from 82 teams across three Italian organizations, the study employs fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and necessary condition analysis (NCA). The results showed that three configurations were conducive to high levels of innovation: high openness to experience, conscientiousness and extraversion; high openness to experience, high extraversion and low agreeableness; and high openness to experience, agreeableness and emotional stability. They also highlighted openness as a necessary condition.
Utilizing Propensity Score Matching Analysis to Examine the Effects of Postsecondary Education on the Employment Outcomes of Young Adults with Mental Illnesses
Authors: Li Jian , Rumrill Phillip D , Iwanaga Kanako , Zhang Han , Chan Fong , Strauser David G
Published: January 2025

Background

Helping young adults with mental illnesses attend college will increase their chances of being employed with benefits, which can pave the way for a successful career and a middle-class life.

Objective

This study sought to examine whether receiving vocational rehabilitation (VR) services of four-year college or university training would lead to improved employment outcomes for young adults with mental illnesses.

Methods

Based on the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA)-911 data, a propensity score matching technique was employed to create a comparison group of young adults with mental illnesses who did not receive college or university training and a treatment group of those who did. The quasi-experimental design investigated differences in the employment outcomes between the two groups.

Results

Analyses revealed that the group who received college or university training was more likely to be engaged in competitive integrated employment upon exit from the VR program than the matched comparison group who did not receive the training. Participants with mental illnesses who received college or university training and had secured competitive integrated employment at the time of exit not only had significantly higher hourly wages and worked more hours per week than did non-college or university training recipients, they were also more likely to obtain employer-subsidized health insurance benefits.

Conclusions

College and university training is positively related to employment outcomes for young people with mental illnesses. Implications for state VR counsellors are discussed.
Treatment for Lateropulsion in Standard Clinical Practice: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abe Hiroaki , Ueno Shingo , Kurita Yohei , Tohara Seiya , Murano Nobuyuki , Nagatomo Noriko
Published: January 2025

Background

Post-stroke lateropulsion with pusher syndrome (LP) severely impacts postural control and daily activities. In Japan, while a knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) is recommended for LP treatment, a gait exercise assist robot (GEAR) is also used.

Objective

We investigated the effectiveness of gait training using a GEAR and KAFO in improving LP.

Methods

Thirty-six stroke patients with LP were randomly assigned to GEAR or KAFO groups, and received 50-min daily sessions for 2 weeks. Both the GEAR group, using robot assistance, and the KAFO group, with therapist assistance, engaged in gait training with a goal of 30 min per session. Primary outcomes were changes in Burke Lateropulsion Scale (BLS) and Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP) scores.

Results

Seventeen participants in each group completed their respective interventions. Both groups showed marked improvements in BLS and SCP scores (all p < 0.001). Although the GEAR group achieved greater walking distances and step counts ( p < 0.01 each), overall BLS and SCP improvements did not significantly differ between the groups ( p = 0.51 and 0.84, respectively). Both interventions demonstrated comparable LP improvement to previous studies.

Conclusions

We found no significant difference in the treatment effects between the two interventions, indicating both to be effective.
An Overview of the Currently Used Congenital Auricular Anomalies (CAA) Classifications for Surgical Reconstruction: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lin Yangyang , Ronde Elsa M. , de Voort Lieve , Breugem Corstiaan C.
Published: January 2025

CAAs are congenital malformations of the auricle ranging from ear underdevelopment to anotia, lacks standardized classification, impacting our outcome of different reconstruction approaches. This scoping review aimed to explore which CAA classifications are most used in current ear reconstruction practices.

We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA guidelines, searching MEDLINE and Embase databases on November 1st, 2023. Studies on CAA reconstruction that included clear descriptions of the used classification published in the past 5 years were included. Studies were appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist.

Out of 293 screened studies, 45 met inclusion criteria, encompassing 19 case series and 5 cohort studies. Findings revealed a predominant use of the Nagata classification across rib cartilage and alloplastic material reconstructions, despite noted application inconsistencies. Other systems like Marx's, Weerda's, and Meurman's remain underutilized.

Most studies used the Nagata's classification. Its widespread use underscores the necessity for an easy to use, but standardized classification to improve surgical outcome reporting and assessment accuracy. Further investigation and standardization efforts regarding the Nagata system are recommended.
Home Health Agencies’ Ownership Type, Chain Affiliation and Financial Performance
Authors: Brumitt Gary M. , Mazurenko Olena , Blackburn Justin L. , Menachemi Nir , Vest Joshua R.
Published: January 2025

Home health agencies (HHAs) continue to be a very relevant provider within the U.S. healthcare system. The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to examine the possible correlation of ownership type and chain status on Medicare Certified HHA’s financial performance in the 2018 to 2019 fiscal years. Observational, cross-sectional study. This study included 20,211 observations from approximately 10,195 free-standing home health agencies that participated in Medicare reimbursement for the fiscal years 2018 to 2019. Ordinary least squares regression. Using ordinary least squares regression to analyze data from Medicare care reports, for 2018 to 2019, this study found that for-profit ownership status and chain affiliation correlated more with positive operating incomes. We found 66% of for-profit chain HHAs earned positive operating incomes. This is compared with 61% of for-profit independent HHAs. Nonprofits experienced a similar result with regards to chain status, as 41% of chain affiliated non-profit HHA earned a positive operating income compared to 27% of independent non-profit HHAs. For-profit chain affiliated HHAs experienced superior financial performance using operating income as a measurement of financial performance relative to other HHAs. Given their stronger financial performance, potential shifts toward chain affiliated HHA organizations seem plausible. Proposed MEDPAC reimbursement decreases may be worth reconsidering as they may further dwindle the financial viability of non-profit HHAs.
Assessing the Construct Validity of the Adult ADHD Self-report Scale for DSM-5 and Prevalence of ADHD in a Danish Population Sample
Authors: Sparle Christensen Kaj , Storebø Ole Jakob , Bach Bo
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This study examines the validity of the ASRS-5 as a new screening tool for ADHD and evaluates its proposed screening cut-off in a general population context.

Method:

A nationally representative sample of 2,002 individuals aged 18 to 80 years was surveyed using the ASRS-5, with complete data obtained from 714 participants. Psychometric analysis evaluated fit to the Rasch model, response categories, dimensionality, differential item functioning, local dependency, and reliability. A cut-off score of 14, based on a simple additive scale, was applied.

Results:

The ASRS-5 generally conformed to the expectations of the Rasch model. However, disordered response categories were observed for item 6, and gender-related differential item functioning was noted in items 3, 4, and 6. The ASRS-5 demonstrated a unidimensional construct, and a cut-off score of 14 identified 6.0% of the sample as potential ADHD cases.

Conclusion:

Although the ASRS-5 aligns well with the Rasch model, certain measurement challenges exist. The recommended cut-off score effectively identifies an ADHD prevalence consistent with the 6.5% reported in the original ASRS-5 study.
Burden of Vitiligo in Canada: Retrospective Analysis of a Canadian Public Claims Database
Authors: Ringuet Julien , Wong Grace K. , Baribeau Véronique , Kalia Sunil , Brisebois Josée , Lachaine Jean
Published: January 2025

Background:

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease resulting in skin depigmentation. Treatment options are limited.

Objectives:

To examine disease burden and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) among patients with vitiligo in Québec, Canada.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, data were obtained from the Régie de l’Assurance Maladie du Québec (RAMQ) databases for 125,000 random individuals from January 2010 to December 2019. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision ( ICD-9) diagnostic code [709.x (other skin disorders)] with vitiligo-related treatment was used to identify patients with vitiligo. Patient characteristics and treatments, including treatment type, episodes (treatments used without discontinuation), and sequences (treatment episodes ≥30 days), were assessed. Annualized HCRU and costs (2021 adjusted) included all-cause hospitalization, emergency department visits, outpatient visits, and medications among patients with vitiligo (n = 113) and age- and sex-matched non-vitiligo controls (n = 339).

Results:

Of patients with vitiligo (mean age, 50.0 years; 68.1% female) identified using ICD-9 code 709.x with vitiligo-related treatment, 36.3% received ≥4 treatment episodes. Treatment patterns were heterogeneous, with 43 different sequences reported. Annualized mean outpatient visits (16.1 vs 5.5) and all-cause outpatient service costs per patient were significantly higher in the vitiligo versus the control group (CAN$1037 vs CAN$523; P < .01). Total all-cause services costs were higher for patients with vitiligo in the year after versus before diagnosis (CAN$3679 vs CAN$2085; P = .04).

Conclusions:

Vitiligo is associated with significant burden and HCRU among patients in Québec, Canada, who were identified by ICD-9 code 709.x plus vitiligo-related treatment. Measurement of true vitiligo burden remains challenging.
Neurofilament heavy chain in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: De Angelis Floriana , Ammoscato Francesca , Parker Richard A , Plantone Domenico , Doshi Anisha , John Nevin A , Williams Thomas , Stutters Jonathan , MacManus Dave , Schmierer Klaus , Barkhof Frederik , Weir Christopher J , Giovannoni Gavin , Chataway Jeremy , Gnanapavan Sharmilee
Published: January 2025

Background:

Biomarkers are needed to track progression in MS trials. Neurofilament heavy chain (NfH) has been underutilized due to assay limitations.

Objective:

To investigate the added value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NfH in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) using contemporary immunoassays.

Methods:

This exploratory study was part of the MS-SMART trial. Clinical assessments (including expanded disability status scale, upper and lower limb function, visual acuity and symbol digit modalities test (SDMT)), CSF and serum sampling were acquired at baseline ( n = 54), 48 and 96 weeks. Brain magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) were obtained at baseline and 96 weeks. The NfL and NfH were measured using single-molecule array assay.

Results:

Baseline CSF NfH and NfL correlated with information processing speed at 96 weeks, with CSF NfH showing stronger correlations ( r = −0.49 for SDMT) than CSF NfL ( r = −0.37 for SDMT). Baseline CSF NfL predicted poorer hand dexterity at baseline, 48 and 96 weeks. CSF NfH was the only predictor of cortical grey matter at baseline, while baseline CSF NfL was the only predictor of brain atrophy at 96 weeks. Serum neurofilaments showed limited associations.

Conclusion:

CSF neurofilaments are better outcomes than serum neurofilaments in small SPMS studies. CSF NfH and NfL variably predict worsening hand function, information processing speed and brain volume loss, possibly reflecting complementary aspects of neurodegeneration.
Associations of health beliefs and worry with COVID-19 protective behaviors among lung cancer patients
Authors: Burns Marcia F , Krueger Ellen , Hanna Nasser , Durm Gregory A , Ceppa DuyKhanh P , Jalal Shadia I , Birdas Thomas J , Kesler Kenneth A , Einhorn Lawrence H , Mosher Catherine E
Published: January 2025

Although cognitions have predicted COVID-19 protective behaviors in cancer populations, theory suggests that emotions may be more predictive of these behaviors. This study examined Health Belief Model (HBM) variables as correlates of COVID-19 protective behaviors in lung cancer patients and whether worry about COVID-19 was associated with these behaviors beyond the effects of HBM variables. From 2021 to 2022, 191 patients (62.3% female, mean age = 66 years, range = 34–91 years, mean time post-diagnosis = 2 years, range = 0.4–22 years) completed a one-time survey. Results of regression analyses showed that fewer perceived barriers to mask wearing were associated with greater mask wearing, and greater perceived severity of COVID-19 was associated with more social distancing. Higher levels of worry about COVID-19 were associated with greater mask wearing and social distancing above and beyond the effects of HBM variables. HBM variables and worry were unrelated to hand hygiene. Results are largely consistent with theory and suggest potential intervention targets.