bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estratégias de defesa elaboradas por trabalhadores na intervenção em crises suicidas
Authors: Sartori Silvanir Destefani , Souza Eloisio Moulin de , Simões Jeremias Campos
Published: July 2023

Resumo Em razão da complexidade das crises suicidas, trabalhadores que intervém nessas crises para afastar o sujeito tentante do risco elaboram estratégias de defesa com propósito de lidar com o sofrimento e permanecer em condição de trabalho. Neste contexto, o presente artigo objetiva compreender as referidas estratégias de defesa elaboradas por trabalhadores que intervêm em crises suicidas. Para atingir esse propósito, foram entrevistados 15 trabalhadores com vivência em intervenções em crises suicidas, integrantes do corpo de bombeiros militares, situado e com atuação na região Sudeste do Brasil. Os dados produzidos foram analisados com o emprego da técnica de análise de conteúdo, permitindo compreender estratégias de defesa que atuam na negação do sofrimento, enquanto outras na dissimulação do sofrimento. A elaboração dessas estratégias insere os trabalhadores em verdadeiras armadilhas: a dissimulação e a negação ao sofrimento permitem a continuidade do trabalho, mas também tornam o sofrimento de difícil identificação.
Ascensão e crise do Sistema de Assistência Social (SUAS) no federalismo brasileiro
Authors: Abrucio Fernando Luiz , Rodrigues Rayane Vieira , Milanello Thaís Raquel Schwarzberg , Melo Yasmim Marques de
Published: July 2023

Resumo Neste artigo, é analisada a trajetória institucional do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS), a partir de dados da gestão federal desde o seu surgimento até os dias atuais. Para tanto, foram analisadas legislações que versam sobre orçamento e mudanças legislativas na política de assistência social. A análise das evidências obtidas sinaliza que, a partir do governo Temer, houve um processo de enfraquecimento do SUAS, materializado nas decisões de desinvestimento da política pública que foi evidenciado pelo Projeto de Emenda Constitucional do Teto de Gastos. Identificou-se que a gestão do presidente Bolsonaro ampliou a desconstrução do Sistema, especificamente por meio da diminuição do papel do Governo Federal no combate às desigualdades federativas, demonstrada na extinção do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e no desmonte dos mecanismos institucionais de coordenação federal. Assim, a forma de gestão da Política de Assistência Social nos dois últimos governos representa ruptura do federalismo cooperativo.
(Re) Pensar os direitos humanos: do individuo à comunidade
Authors: Cortizo María del Carmen
Published: July 2023

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a problemática teórica e política da coexistência de diversas concepções de direitos humanos no contexto do multiculturalismo e da diversidade de lutas e resistências de grupos sociais subalternizados. A tais efeitos o texto descreve em primeiro lugar a matriz hegemônica da tradição jurídica ocidental, para seguidamente expor algumas das críticas à sua insuficiência e ao seu caráter colonizador. Seguidamente apresenta duas perspectivas sobre os direitos humanos de fronte a realidades multiculturais, estas são as análises de Boaventura de Sousa Santos e de Raimon Panikkar. Ambos os autores partem da realidade do pluralismo cultural e da necessidade de estabelecer caminhos possíveis de diálogo entre as diferentes concepções de mundo com a finalidade da defesa dos direitos humanos. No caso de Sousa o autor acredita na possibilidade da “tradução intercultural”, por sua vez Panikkar defende o “diálogo intercultural”.
Testamento vital: conhecimento docente e acadêmico de uma escola médica
Authors: Cesar Lívia Angélica Gruneke , Solles Lorrayne de Aquino , Fachini Janaína Sortica , Provin Lauren Cristina de Matos , Brandes Samantha
Published: July 2023

Resumo Esta pesquisa busca avaliar o nível de conhecimento de acadêmicos e docentes do curso de medicina quanto à aplicabilidade do testamento vital, às decisões sobre finitude de vida e ao conceito de morte digna. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, com dez acadêmicos e cinco docentes de uma universidade do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de análise do discurso e classificados nas seguintes categorias: conhecimento e aplicabilidade do testamento vital; visão do processo de finitude e morte digna; e o limiar entre a visão do médico e a autonomia do paciente. As conclusões reforçam a necessidade de difusão desse conhecimento para benefício do paciente e atitudes éticas amparadas legalmente por parte dos médicos.
Discharge against medical advice: what to do, doctor?
Authors: Cerqueira Anilton de Jesus , Oliveira Camila Vasconcelos de
Published: July 2023

Abstract This paper examines the procedures recommended by Brazilian medical councils regarding “discharge against medical advice”. An exploratory and documentary research was conducted to identify and analyze several council publications regarding questions and doubts raised by physicians when faced with discharge requests. Solutions proposed to the issue at hand (ethical-legal insecurity of physicians in authorizing discharges) were analyzed based on ethical-legal frameworks, aiming to provide physicians with greater security and tranquility in conducting this procedure.
Privacidad y confidencialidad en los procesos terapéuticos: presencia de fundamentos bioéticos
Authors: Salles Alvaro Angelo , Castelo Luana
Published: July 2023

Resumen Este estudio analiza la caracterización de los principios de privacidad y confidencialidad relacionados con los campos de la medicina en general y la salud mental en particular, proponiendo que la práctica de los derechos y deberes respecto a estos dos principios debe preservarse de la manera defendida por la bioética. El enfoque del conocimiento psíquico se privilegia con el fin de ampliar la comprensión de que la confidencialidad es importante en los procesos terapéuticos. Se destaca la relación entre los cambios tecnológicos y mediáticos que se han producido en las últimas décadas y el riesgo de comprometer el secreto médico, cuya violación afectaría definitivamente la confianza del paciente respecto a la privacidad de su información. Por último, se reflexiona sobre el valor del apoyo ético a los profesionales de la salud, sobre todo en los casos excepcionales que involucran su toma de decisión respecto a la violación de confidencialidad.
Percepciones y conocimientos médicos sobre la limitación del soporte vital
Authors: Barros Bárbara Fernanda Melo , Pasklan Amanda Namíbia Pereira , Rodrigues Natasha Fiterman , Barros Julia Bacelar , Motta Vanise Barros Rodrigues da , Lima Sara Fiterman
Published: July 2023

Resumen Este estudio descriptivo y cualitativo identificó las percepciones y el conocimiento de los médicos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos sobre la limitación del soporte vital. Los resultados revelaron diferentes comprensiones y estímulos sobre el uso de la limitación del soporte vital: toma de decisiones aislada y compartida; obstáculos como la familia, los profesionales, las cuestiones legales y la imprevisibilidad de la muerte; e informes de casos específicos con beneficios, dilemas y especificidades por condición y grupo de edad. Existe consenso sobre la necesidad de limitar el soporte vital, pero carece de preparación y persisten las diferencias de comprensión. Los diferentes estímulos para su uso y las dificultades para la toma de decisiones y la definición de conductas están impregnados de conflictos éticos, culturales y personales, además de que demuestran la necesidad de discutir sobre el tema en los diferentes niveles de formación de los profesionales de la salud.
Percepções e conhecimentos médicos sobre limitação de suporte de vida
Authors: Barros Bárbara Fernanda Melo , Pasklan Amanda Namíbia Pereira , Rodrigues Natasha Fiterman , Barros Julia Bacelar , Motta Vanise Barros Rodrigues da , Lima Sara Fiterman
Published: July 2023

Resumo Este estudo descritivo e qualitativo identificou percepções e conhecimentos de médicos de unidades de terapia intensiva sobre a limitação do suporte de vida. Os resultados revelaram diferentes compreensões e estímulos acerca do uso da limitação do suporte de vida: tomadas de decisão isoladas e compartilhadas; empecilhos como família, profissionais, questões jurídicas e imprevisibilidade da morte; e relatos de casos específicos com benefícios, dilemas e especificidades por quadro e faixa etária. Existe consenso quanto à necessidade de limitação do suporte de vida, mas falta preparo na formação e persistem divergências de compreensão. Os diferentes estímulos para seu uso e as dificuldades para tomada de decisão e definição de condutas são permeados por conflitos éticos, culturais e pessoais e demonstram a necessidade de educar sobre o tema em diferentes níveis de formação de profissionais de saúde.
Does premature birth affect Brazilian parents’ practices related to infant positioning?
Authors: Francisco Anilsa Suraia Pedro Gaspar , Graciosa Maylli Daiani , Pacheco Sheila Cristina da Silva , Sonza Anelise , Sanada Luciana Sayuri
Published: July 2023

Abstract Objective: To verify whether the time spent in prone, supine, or seated positions differed between term and preterm infants; and to determine whether a single verbal guidance session for parents changed the time spent in different positions, and, consequently, the motor development scores, after one month in preterm infants. Methods: Sixty-one infants from a full-term and preterm group from Brazil were included. Motor development was assessed by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the parents registered the time spent in each position on a 24-hour schedule. A month after verbal guidance, a second assessment was performed only on the preterm infants. Results: The positioning times awake determined for the full-term and preterm parents were similar. Preterm infants spent more time in the prone sleeping position (2.1 vs. 0.8 h; p=0.037) than full-term infants. The AIMS percentile scores did not differ significantly between the groups. For preterm infants, the time spent in all positions did not change during the second assessment (n=18). Conclusions: The fact that some parents position their infants in the prone posture during sleeping periods reinforce the importance of parental education approaches for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) prevention during the first months of life. The verbal guidance provided to parents of preterm infants did not influence the AIMS percentile and time spent in various positions but increased preterm parents’ confidence in placing their infants in a prone position to play.
Association between iron deficiency anemia and sleep duration in the first year of life
Authors: Rodrigues Junior José Israel , Mecenas Victória Gabriella Fidelix de , de Oliveira Lima Márcia , Menezes Risia Cristina Egito de , Oliveira Priscilla Márcia Bezerra de , Longo-Silva Giovana
Published: July 2023

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between iron deficiency anemia and sleep duration in the first year of life. Methods: A total of 123 infants were investigated, with sleep being evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months of age and anemia at birth and 6 months. The cutoff points for anemia and short sleep duration were hemoglobin <11 g/dL (at birth and/or 6 months) and <10 h (at 3, 6, and 12 months), respectively. The comparison of the average sleep time between infants with and without anemia was performed using the Student’s t-test, and logistic regression models were also used to verify differences in the sleep duration (short/not short) between the groups. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between sleep duration and hemoglobin values. The analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Children with anemia were more likely to be short sleepers [odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)): 4.02 (1.02–15.76); p≤0.05], and for each unit increase in hemoglobin values, the sleep duration increased by 16.2 min [β (95%CI): 0.27 (0.00–0.55); p≤0.05), regardless of family income, maternal schooling, gender, and body mass index at birth. Conclusions: Our results suggest that iron deficiency anemia is associated with short sleep duration in the first year of life and indicate the need for longitudinal investigations, with longer follow-up, to verify the impact of anemia on sleep duration at subsequent ages.
PESQUISA HISTÓRICO-EDUCATIVA E A IMIGRAÇÃO ITALIANA: UMA REVISÃO DOS ESTUDOS
Authors: Castro Renata Brião de
Published: July 2023

Resumo O objetivo deste texto concentra-se em realizar uma revisão de literatura das pesquisas existentes sobre a temática da história da escolarização dos imigrantes italianos e descendentes. Os imigrantes italianos instalaram-se no Brasil, sobretudo, a partir das décadas finais do século XIX e organizaram diversas instituições, entre as quais as escolares. A pesquisa justifica-se pela necessidade de conhecer a produção existente sobre essas escolas e, assim, delinear tendências futuras de investigação. Deste modo, o estudo concentra-se em artigos publicados, teses, dissertações, livros e anais dos principais eventos na área da história da educação. Portanto, a metodologia segue a dos estudos de estado da arte. Com base no levantamento realizado, foi possível observar que algumas regiões brasileiras foram mais pesquisadas do que outros e há ainda muito a ser estudado sobre essas instituições escolares.
Audiências de custódia por videoconferência: um caso bem-sucedido?
Authors: Valença Manuela Abath
Published: July 2023

Resumo Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico que teve como objetivo entender os impactos decorrentes do uso da videoconferência nas audiências de custódia no Brasil. Para tanto, fez-se, inicialmente, um balanço sobre essas audiências, sete anos após o seu início, apontando para seus principais problemas e desafios no que toca à tomada de decisão, ao combate e à prevenção à tortura e à proteção social. Em seguida, refletiu-se sobre a virtualização das audiências criminais em geral, trazendo dados secundários de pesquisas empíricas realizadas nos Estados Unidos (país no qual essa prática está sedimentada há algum tempo) que apontam para as dificuldades que trouxeram, sobretudo para os acusados e para a defesa. Em um terceiro momento, passamos à problematização central do trabalho, isto é, o uso da videoconferência nas audiências de custódia, sugerindo que esse formato tem um grande potencial de vulnerar direitos básicos de custodiados e de esvaziar as finalidades centrais das audiências de custódia, especialmente a de controlar a atividade policial e prevenir a tortura.
Limites e possibilidades das flexibilidades do direito da propriedade intelectual para lidar com urgências em saúde: estudos de caso da Aids e da covid-19
Authors: Varella Marcelo Dias , Oliveira Katia Adriana Cardoso de
Published: July 2023

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar que o direito de propriedade intelectual torna-se flexível o suficiente para ampliar a oferta de medicamentos e vacinas, além de viabilizar desenvolvimento e inovação. Para compreender essa dinâmica, partiu-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, tendo por objeto a análise de três estudos de casos em que se observa a atuação dos diversos atores internacionais e nacionais. O primeiro trata das ações legislativas no país, que possibilitaram a decretação da licença compulsória da patente do Efavirenz, pelo Poder Executivo em 2007, durante a crise sanitária da Aids. O segundo demonstra que a pandemia de covid-19 foi forte o suficiente para estimular a inovação e o desenvolvimento de vacinas, mas ainda encontra problemas com a capacidade de produção, cuja solução proposta na Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) foi o waiver de direitos de propriedade intelectual. Por fim, o Poder Judiciário brasileiro, no contexto da pandemia de covid-19, flexibilizou o direito de propriedade intelectual ao retirar o parágrafo único do art. 40 da Lei de Propriedade Industrial (LPI), na Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) 5.529, e os Poderes Legislativo e Executivo promoveram diversas alterações na LPI para enfrentamento da crise. Conclui-se que a dinâmica das normas que regem o direito de propriedade intelectual permite diferentes possibilidades de flexibilizações, a depender de cada problema concreto, a funcionar como uma espécie de “direito de propriedade intelectual de emergência”.
Não fale do Elon Musk! A pesquisa jurídica no mestrado profissional
Authors: Fabiani Emerson Ribeiro , Tormin Mateus Matos
Published: July 2023

Resumo A discussão sobre programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu profissionais é relativamente recente no Brasil. O primeiro programa jurídico do tipo, um mestrado, foi implementado na Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV DIREITO SP) em 2013. Apesar de terem enfrentado alguma resistência no início, programas de pós-graduação profissional são hoje parte da realidade acadêmica jurídica: atualmente, há 22 programas do tipo no Brasil e discute-se a possibilidade do doutorado profissional em Direito. Nesse contexto, torna-se importante refletir sobre a pesquisa jurídica realizada nesses espaços, buscando delimitá-la e contribuir para seu aperfeiçoamento. Este artigo visa a fazer isso. Com base na experiência de quase uma década da FGV DIREITO SP, busca-se identificar problemas comuns em projetos de pesquisa e trabalhos de conclusão apresentados ao programa, apontando suas possíveis causas e discutindo meios de evitá-los. Foram constatados dois grandes problemas: a falta de domínio de metodologia de pesquisa e o desconhecimento quanto ao papel da pesquisa jurídica no contexto mais amplo das ciências humanas. Como decorrência do primeiro, foram encontrados os seguintes problemas: (i) a ampliação exagerada dos temas, (ii) o mau uso das fontes e (iii) um desajuste de expectativas; do segundo: (iv) o sincretismo teórico, (v) o essencialismo jurídico e (vi) o reverencialismo.
Motivação: um desafio na aplicação das metodologias ativas no ensino superior
Authors: Oliveira Frederico Sauer Guimarães , Melo Yuri de Abreu de , Rodriguez Martius Vicente Rodriguez Y
Published: July 2023

Resumo O uso de metodologias ativas tem se mostrado uma ferramenta capaz de aumentar o nível de aprendizado dos alunos, e em especial aqueles com dificuldades de concentração. Um desafio para os professores é obter o engajamento do aluno para a realização de atividades prévias ao encontro presencial, como assistir uma aula gravada ou ler um artigo. Este trabalho descreve um experimento feito em uma universidade inclusiva onde, após uma criteriosa pesquisa para a escolha das estratégias mais adequadas às características do público-alvo e as restrições da instituição, foram elaborados os materiais didáticos e atividades práticas que foram usados durante todo um período letivo em três disciplinas do ensino de computação. Os resultados revelaram o principal ingrediente para o sucesso dessa empreitada: a motivação dos alunos.
As intersecções entre gênero e educação em direitos humanos na produção do conhecimento (2015-2020)
Authors: Melo Natália , Mendonça Roberta , Cardoso Fernando da Silva
Published: July 2023

Resumo A educação é ferramenta que transforma as relações sociais. Assim, compreender como se dá a construção do conhecimento na intersecção que se perfaz com as discussões sobre Educação em Direitos Humanos e gênero faz com que tenhamos uma sociedade mais cidadã e que respeite as diferenças entre os sujeitos. Acerca disso, o objetivo geral deste estudo parte da análise da produção do conhecimento que intersecciona a Educação em Direitos Humanos e gênero nos Programas de Pós-Graduação brasileiros. Como objetivos específicos, visamos mapear as produções sobre as questões de gênero interseccionadas com a Educação em Direitos Humanos nos Programas de Pós-Graduação no Brasil; e refletir sobre a categoria gênero na produção de conhecimento na área da Educação em Direitos Humanos. Para isso, nos utilizaremos do acervo da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, compreendendo o lapso temporal relacionado aos períodos de 2015 a 2020, momento em que houve a ascensão do discurso conservador acerca dessas temáticas. Além disso, a pesquisa busca perceber em quais Programas e linhas de pesquisa tal intersecção se apresenta de maneira mais contundente. A metodologia utilizada parte do método dialético, com abordagem qualitativa, sendo o tipo de pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, exploratório e descritivo, com coleta de dados documentais e análise de conteúdo.
A educação a distância como estratégia de captação de alunos após a redução| da oferta do Fies
Authors: Scudeler Marcelo Augusto , Tassoni Elvira Cristina Martins
Published: July 2023

Resumo Ao mesmo tempo que viabilizou o ingresso e a permanência de estudantes na educação superior privada, o Fundo de Financiamento Estudantil (Fies) também foi uma ferramenta de financeirização do setor, especialmente na primeira metade da década de 2010. Este artigo focaliza as consequências para o segmento educacional, do progressivo encolhimento do Fies a partir de 2015, bem como a Educação a Distância (EaD) como estratégia comercial para minimizar os impactos deste encolhimento no processo de captação de alunos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental que pretende demonstrar que, na míngua de fontes públicas estatais de financiamento estudantil, a continuidade do processo de expansão e a manutenção dos resultados das empresas educacionais foram viabilizadas pela expansão da EaD.
Impacts of extreme precipitation events in water quality: a scientometric analysis in global scale
Authors: Moreira Caio Vitor Matos , Costa Mariana Rodrigues Amaral da , Becker Vanessa
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Aim This study aims to evaluate temporal patterns of extreme events related to precipitation on a global scale, identifying their main impacts and if there are climatic zones more susceptible to these phenomena using a scientometric approach. Methods A systematic review was conducted on scientific papers published between 1991 and July 2020, obtained from the Scopus and Thomson ISI Web of Science databases. Keywords related to precipitation extreme events and their effects on planktonic communities and freshwater ecosystems' water quality were used in the search. Results The analysis revealed a significant increase in publications, particularly from 2014 onwards, following the release of reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the American Meteorological Society (AMS). These reports highlighted the increasing frequency of these climatic events and their potential for causing damage to humanity. In this review, we focused on extreme weather events related to precipitation such as droughts, rains, and floods. These events, due to their sudden volumetric changes, lead to immediate physical and chemical alterations in the water column. The main impacts of these extreme events on aquatic ecosystems include increased nutrient concentrations (mainly phosphorus and nitrogen), contamination by micropollutants, cyanobacteria blooms, and loss of biodiversity. Conclusions The scientometric analysis indicates that extreme weather events associated with precipitation have a detrimental effect on water quality and aquatic biodiversity, exacerbating the eutrophication process in freshwater systems.
O IMPACTO DA MP. 870/2019 SOBRE A CESTA BÁSICA DE ALIMENTOS NAS CAPITAIS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Riccieri Grazielle , Franco Cleiton , Guzatti Natalie , França Raimundo Nonato Cunha , Figueiredo Adriano Marcos Rodrigues
Published: July 2023

A extinção do Conselho Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (Consea), em janeiro de 2019, através da medida provisória no. 870/2019, representou o desmonte das políticas alimentares, tais como o Programa de aquisição de Alimentos (PAA). O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar os efeitos da medida provisória 870/2019 sobre a cesta básica nas capitais brasileiras. Para a construção do painel, foram coletados dados mensais de cesta básica de 16 capitais brasileiras ao longo dos anos de 2016 a 2022 do DIEESE. A partir dos dados coletados de cesta básica e salário-mínimo foram construídas variáveis de análise de quantidade de horas necessárias de trabalho para aquisição da cesta básica (quanthrs), índice de comprometimento da cesta básica em relação ao salário-mínimo (ICR), custo familiar com alimentação (CFA) e salário-mínimo necessário (SMN). O modelo econométrico utilizado foi o modelo de dados em painel com efeitos fixos. Os resultados indicaram aumento no custo da cesta básica da ordem de 45%, o CFA resultou em R$699,00 e a quanthrs em 15 hrs. adicionais para adquirir uma cesta básica, isso significa que as famílias brasileiras estão gastando mais esforços para comprar o mínimo para comer. O ICR aumentou em 14% e o salário mínimo necessário precisaria ser reajustado em mais de 30% para garantir e custear alimentação, vestuário, habitação, higiene e transporte.
The New Christian Cadornega and his work on the Angolan wars in the seventeenth century
Authors: Vainfas Ronaldo , Franco Roberta Guimarães
Published: July 2023

Abstract: The article analyzes the trajectory of Antônio de Oli veira Cadornega, author of História Geral das Guerras Angolanas (1680). We examine aspects of the work linked to the author’s concerns - the wars involving the Portuguese, the Dutch, and the kingdoms of Congo and Angola - highlighting his Lusocentric position. The 1972 printed edition is used, as well as the bibliography about the work and its author. We seek connections between the writing of the text and the Portuguese political crisis in the seventeenth century, including the inquisitorial one, as well as between the history of its editions and the Portuguese context in the 20th century. The focus of our reflection, however, is that Cadornega was a New Christian, through his mother, and may have practiced Crypto-Judaism, whether in his youth in Vila Viçosa, or in Africa, like the group of Portuguese New Christians studied by Horta and Mark in Senegambia, in The Forgotten Diaspora (2011).
A circulação dos primeiros ritos maçônicos manuscritos e impressos no Brasil (1810-1836)
Authors: Magalhães Pablo Antonio Iglesias
Published: July 2023

Resumo: O presente artigo oferece uma análise da produção e circulação dos primeiros ritos maçônicos no Brasil. Incialmente, por meio de manuscritos ultracopiados ou por impressos clandestinamente introduzidos na América portuguesa, os ritos maçônicos circularam entre pedreiros-livres iniciados nas capitanias do norte, especialmente na Bahia e Pernambuco, ao tempo em que as primeiras lojas maçônicas estabeleceram influência política (1810-1817). Com a introdução de tipografias no Brasil, os ritos passaram a ser impressos no Rio de Janeiro, mantendo sua produção e circulação restrita durante o Primeiro Reinado (1822), mas tornando-se mais acessíveis ao público com a expansão das tipografias dirigidas por uma nova geração de impressores na Regência (1831-1840).
Trilhas de uma história pública: uma conversa com Michael Frisch
Authors: Santhiago Ricardo , Almeida Juniele Rabêlo de
Published: July 2023

Resumo: Esta é uma entrevista feita com Michael Frisch, historiador estadunidense especialista em história oral, história pública e, mais recentemente, história digital. Formulador do influente conceito de “autoridade compartilhada”, Frisch apresenta, nesta entrevista, momentos de sua formação, inserção em diferentes culturas institucionais e as relações entre história pública e multiculturalismo. Discute, também, o papel da tecnologia na pesquisa histórica sobre a história oral e pública - em meio ao contexto atual, sob os efeitos da pandemia da Covid-19.
INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL OR LOCKING COMPRESSION PLATE FOR FIXING A FRACTURED DISTAL TIBIA: FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ALONG WITH AN ADAPTATION MODEL
Authors: Moslehi Amir Abbas , Rouhi Gholamreza
Published: July 2023

Intramedullary (IM) nailing and plating are two major options for the treatment of distal tibial fractures; each method has its own pros and cons. Bone loss due to IM nailing or plating can be a serious concern, which may lead to the premature failure of the implants. Thus, investigating bone remodeling in response to orthopedic implantation is of paramount importance for the purpose of designing more efficient prostheses. The main goal of this study was to predict the effects of nailing and plating on the bone apparent density distribution in tibia, through use of the finite element method (FEM) along with a bone remodeling model. To this end, three-dimensional geometry of tibia, with properties derived from computer tomography (CT) imaging data, IM nail and locking compression plate (LCP) were
created. Then, a bone remodeling model and FEM, with physiological-like loading, were combined and implemented
using Python programming language. The results showed that both nailing and plating methods cause a reduction in
bone apparent density, but the plate affects just the distal part of the tibia, where the implant is present; whereas the
IM nail affects almost the whole tibia. Moreover, in agreement with clinical observations, it was found here that the stress shielding effects of the LCP are less pronounced than that of IM nail, in the long term. Stress analysis revealed that the load, to most extent, transferred to IM nail; whereas it transferred to LCP just in the distal part of tibia. On the basis of the results of this work, it might be concluded that plating is a better choice than nailing for distal tibial fracture, from the bone remodeling point of view.
Effect of extrusion parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–1Mn–0.2Gd alloy
Authors: Zhao Yang , Li Han , Wei Xiaoqin , Zhao Fangchao , Zhang Dingfei
Published: July 2023

The microstructure, dynamic recrystallization behavior and texture evolution of an as-extruded Mg–6Zn–1Mn–0.2Gd (ZMG610) alloy at different extrusion conditions (extrusion ratios of 25 and 45, temperatures of 350 and 400°C) were investigated. The as-cast ZMG610 alloy was mainly composed of the α-magnesium (α-Mg) matrix, the Mg7Zn3 phase and Mg3Zn6Gd (I phase). A large number of I-phase particles remained in the matrix after homogenization treatment at 330°C up to 24 h. The as-extruded ZMG610 alloy exhibited a bimodal structure consisting of fine dynamically recrystallized grains with a wide orientation spread and coarse undynamically recrystallized grains with a strong basal texture. All as-extruded samples exhibited a typical basal texture with the basal plane of most grains parallel to the extrusion direction. A lower texture intensity could be obtained by increasing both the extrusion ratio and temperature. Optimal mechanical properties (yield strength of 267 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 360 MPa and elongation of 14.2%) were obtained through the combination of a low temperature (350°C) and a high extrusion ratio (45). Amelioration of mechanical properties highly depended on the synergistic effect of dynamically recrystallized grains, I-phase particles and texture.
The contact mechanics of a UK railway ballast
Authors: Wong Cacin P. Y. , Coop Matthew R.
Published: July 2023

A newly developed apparatus was used to investigate the contact mechanics between particles of a common UK railway ballast. The data were then compared with the models currently and commonly used in geotechnical discrete-element method (DEM) analyses, but the discrepancy between the predictions and measurements is large even at small loads. The first contact behaviour was much softer than the Hertz–Mindlin model for smooth spheres, both in normal and shear. Even if the normal loading could be fitted better with a model that accounted for roughness, the elastic nature of these models could not capture the plasticity that is evident on unloading. Large displacement shear cycles caused not only an increase of inter-particle friction, as discussed previously, but also a significant degree of particle interlock arising from the wear of the contacts. While there were no rate effects for sliding shearing, contact ageing displacements could be observed at pre-failure loads, although these stabilised after a few days. Pre-failure cyclic loading resulted in stiffnesses that increased in lateral loading but decreased in normal loading; in both cases, however, this stabilised after a few tens of cycles, while the stiffnesses at the reversals of the large displacement cycles did not evolve with continued cycling. The presence of water did not affect the lateral stiffness and the influence of the normal load was consistent with Hertz–Mindlin, even if the absolute values were much softer. It can be concluded that the current commonly used models for DEM analyses are not applicable for ballast/crushed rock and alternative models should also focus on plasticity at the asperity scale.
Teaching Learning Process in Higher Education with the Impact of ICT: An Analytical Review
Authors:   Associate Professor, ASTRA, Hyderabad, v Dr. Pradosh Chandra , Suriya Dr. Aslam Y. ,   Assistant Professor,Janata College,Chandrapur, Swapna Mudrakola ,   Asst Professor,Vardhaman College of Engineering
Published: July 2023

Abstract—“As models of the teaching–learning process are addressed or when learning difficulties arise, the relationship between teaching, training, and children's learning comes up. Despite extensive study, we still have little understanding of how variations in learning activities affect students' learning. The importance of teachers and teaching as key study subjects has resulted in a restricted understanding of what happens in schools and classrooms. Few studies of teachers and teaching have looked at the degree to which disparities in teacher effectiveness are linked to differences in subject matter expertise, and there is still a tendency to talk about teaching and learning in broad terms without considering the material that has been learned. The author of this article argues that studies of teaching and learning must be linked to studies of the topic in order to create a dialogue between didactics and classroom studies. It is necessary to create an analytical design and structure capable of bridging the teaching– learning gap. Emerging developments in video/audio recording provide one line of inquiry into how various thematic trends are related to instructional activities and classroom interaction formats. Keywords— Teaching Learning Process, Mentor, Role of Teacher, Higher Education.
Small companies and regulatory tiering: a legal and economic analysis of Zambia's new regime
Authors: Phiri Christopher
Published: July 2023

In 2017, Zambia adopted a new Companies Act. The main purpose of the new Act is to promote the development of Zambia's economy through efficient regulation of companies. This article focuses on the small companies regime that the new Act introduces. More specifically, the article explores the extent to which the new small companies regime is fit for purpose by conducting a comparative analysis of that regime with the United Kingdom's (UK's) small companies regime in light of relevant literature, particularly literature in the field of regulatory economics. Overall, the analysis suggests that Zambia's small companies regime is largely inapt to achieving its intended purpose. The article's main argument in this connection is threefold. First, the new Act is somewhat at odds with its intended purpose insofar as it requires small companies to appoint a secretary. Exempting small companies from this requirement, as does the UK Companies Act of 2006, could better serve the purpose of the new Act. Second, whilst the exemption of small companies from the requirement to appoint auditors may be desirable, the 50 per cent shareholding threshold required for shareholders to demand an audit could inhibit controlling shareholder accountability and thus undermine the purpose of the new Act. A lower threshold such as the one applicable under the UK Companies Act, that is to say, ten per cent, could better serve the purpose of the new Act. Third, the lack of any special treatment for small companies as such vis-à-vis bookkeeping and financial reporting requirements could undermine the purpose of the new Act. Imposing lighter bookkeeping and financial reporting requirements on small companies, as does the UK Companies Act, could better serve the purpose of the new Act.
Transition from the Opium of Religion to Religion as Opioids: Abuse of Religious Teachings in the New Prophetic Churches in South Africa
Authors: Kgatle Mookgo S. , Thinane Jonas S.
Published: July 2023

The New Prophetic Churches is a religion in the mix, demonstrated by their points of contact with classical Pentecostalism, the prosperity gospel, African independent churches, and African traditional religion. New Prophetic Churches have points of contact with classical Pentecostalism with reference to the doctrine of baptism in the Holy Spirit and speaking in tongues. They are also influenced by the African traditional religions with reference to their connection with the spirit world. In addition, they have points of contact with the African independent churches concerning the use of healing and deliverance products. Furthermore, they have points of contact with the prosperity gospel in teaching the message of material blessing. The original form of these influences is presented in this article as opium religion, whereas the corrupted form of these influences is presented as opioid forms of religion. The latter refers to a somewhat dangerous mix of religious teachings, advocated by self-appointed spiritual leaders within the New Prophetic Churches. These spiritual leaders have concocted this mixture contrary to the original purpose of such teachings with the intention to satisfy their commercial desires to the detriment of the spiritual wellbeing of their followers and the sa-credness of religious teachings, particularly Christian teachings. Relying on a literary analysis, this article challenges the religious teachings of opioid religions that undermine the original good intentions with which these teachings are mixed. It suggests that any religious teaching in the Christian tradition should be consistent with the eternal purpose of God's mission, identity in Christ, and the fundamental tenets of the Christian tradition. There are neo-Pentecostal churches that are consistent with the mission of God, bringing solutions to various challenges in Africa. However, the focus here is on the New Prophetic Churches that have transited from the opium of religion to religion as opioids.
Competencias digitales docentes y formación continua: una propuesta desde el paradigma cualitativo
Authors: Centeno-Caamal Rosendo , Acuña-Gamboa Luis Alan
Published: July 2023

The changes and transformations experienced in today's world have led to daily use of digital technologies shaping new ways of living and working, and the educational field has been no exception. Given the need to digitally enable teachers to improve their pedagogical practice in the society of the 21st century, this study sought to define the indicators that can serve as a basis for designing a model of continuous training in digital competencies for teachers using a qualitative research approach. A rigorous content analysis of institutional materials, semi-structured interview reports and focus group reports was carried out, with their triangulation leading to the design guidelines. The results indicate that the role of digital technologies in the educational process analyzed is meager; the participating teachers state that a continuous training strategy is required to meet their specific needs, and that the emerging digital competencies should focus on the creation of content and the implementation of the hybrid modality. Although these findings are not generalizable, as they do not relate to a specific environment, the analysis process is replicable and can be used in other environments. It is concluded that it is essential to have a continuous training model that makes use of a technology adaptable to the particular needs of the contexts in which it is to be implemented.
Participación ciudadana y literacidad crítica digital de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: López-Gil Karen , Sandoval-Sarrias Andrés
Published: July 2023

The forms of citizen participation have been reconfigured in recent years. The presence of social networks and digital media in general have favored multiple modes of access to information, expression of ideas and social participation. A necessary reflection to think about a sustainable future requires an assessment of communicative practices in digital media and the challenges in citizen education that globalization entails. This research focused on the analysis of citizen participation practices of university students in digital media and its implications for global citizenship. A mixed investigation with a quantitative-qualitative sequence was proposed. In the first phase, a cross-sectional descriptive study was developed with 740 students from a Colombian university, to whom an electronic questionnaire was applied. In the second qualitative phase, discussion groups were held with 42 students, with the purpose of discussing the findings of the questionnaire from the perspective of the participants. It was found that the practices conducted by the students focus mostly on basic and intermediate levels of citizenship represented in the consultation of online information and expression of the ideological positions in social networks, with high limitations towards higher levels of citizenship referred to concrete actions to impact reality. It is evident that this difficulty in contributing to social changes in the world is due to the lack of education for critical global citizenship. Therefore, critical literacy for the use of digital media is proposed as a citizen educational strategy, considering that it contributes to the construction of a more hopeful vision of the future.
Competencia digital docente para la inclusión y la cohesión social en los procesos de enseñanza: experiencia chilena durante el COVID-19
Authors: Velásquez-Castro Leonardo Alberto , Martín-Domínguez Jorge , Ramírez-Orellana Elena
Published: July 2023

This study examined teacher digital competence training for inclusion and social cohesion in Chile during the Covid-19 confinement. The objective was to analyze how teachers are trained in ICT and how they use these tools to develop distance education processes. The methodology used was a quantitative approach through a descriptive design of a multiple-choice questionnaire. The findings indicate that ICT training occurs mainly as a spontaneous process of self-learning by the teacher and that their motivations for training in ICT respond mainly to the desire to improve their professional skills. Teachers highly value training processes to develop distance education processes around the use of technologies. The teachers who adapted their planning for the new distance education are those who carried out self-learning processes and have training in technological tools. Most teachers opted for a mixed approach in content delivery and complemented classes through video calling platforms with tools for asynchronous work. Regarding evaluation processes, teachers certainly know that clear and precise instructions are relevant in distance education.
Tecnología digital y ocio universitario: Explorando el acceso, uso y actitud de los estudiantes
Authors: Gil-García Estefanía de los Dolores , Alemán-Ramos Pedro Francisco , Martín-Quintana Juan Carlos
Published: July 2023

Digital leisure has become a useful and motivating didactic tool for student learning, which also contributes to the acquisition of digital skills. The aim of this study is to analyse the access and use of digital technology by university students at the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC), as well as their attitudes towards digital leisure. This study is framed within the quantitative paradigm, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory, and correlational design. A total of 203 university students (47.5% male; 52.5% female) from USAC between the ages of 17 and 49 (M=23.33; SD=5.55) participated in the study. The results indicate that the most accessed digital devices and services by university students are smartphones (91.8%) and laptops (80.3%). Additionally, 96% of the students have profiles on social networks. Specifically, younger students (17-20 years) are the ones who have the highest usage of digital technology for leisure purposes and show greater enjoyment of these digital activities. This data shows how university students, particularly newly admitted ones, are highly familiar with digital technology and possess a positive attitude towards digital leisure. Thus, teachers can make use of this openness towards technology and include it as a learning tool in the classroom to then promote digital competences and so create a motivating and effective learning environment.
Thyroid Abscess After Fine Needle Aspiration with Spontaneous Rupture into the Trachea : A Case Report
Authors: Das Shouvik , Mandal Abhishek , Kumar Ritesh , Chauhan Sandeep , Mantry Krishna Rekha , Malik Sandeep Kumar , Marwah Sanjay
Published: July 2023

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid is a well-tolerated minimally invasive procedure. Thyroid abscess, as a complication of FNA in an immune-competent adult, is extremely rare. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, for which treatment is intravenous antibiotics, drainage, and sometimes surgery. Here we present a case of thyroid abscess in an otherwise healthy man who presented with neck pain, rapidly increasing neck swelling, difficulty in swallowing, and hoarseness of the voice that developed two weeks after diagnostic FNA of a thyroid nodule which had been present for ten months. Despite antibiotic treatment, the abscess ruptured into the trachea, requiring surgical intervention. This highlights the importance of maintaining asepsis during FNA of the thyroid. Timely diagnosis of a thyroid abscess is essential to avoid life-threatening airway complications.
Unveiling cultural intelligence: A comparative study of Japanese and Indonesian idiomatic expressions
Authors: Suryadimulya Agus Suherman , Dienaputra Reiza D. , Machdalena Susi , Nugraha Awaludin , Kartika Nyai
Published: July 2023

This paper delves into the realm of cultural intelligence inherent in Japanese and Indonesian idiomatic expressions. In the context of intercultural communication, Indonesian speakers utilize diverse cultural intelligence frameworks to express various facets of Japanese culture, with language serving as a prominent component. While a plethora of studies have examined idioms from semantic and semiotic perspectives, a notable gap exists in the literature regarding the exploration of cultural intelligence within idiomatic expressions in both languages, encompassing both structural and semantic analyses. Filling this research void, the present study aims to elucidate the concept of cultural intelligence, specifically focusing on the comprehension of Japanese and Indonesian idioms, particularly those related to the notion of "face". Employing a descriptive research approach, data comprising 16 Japanese idioms and 13 Indonesian idioms were meticulously examined to unveil the cultural significance within each group. The idioms were sourced from various dictionaries and specifically focused on expressions related to body parts, especially the face, which are commonly employed in everyday life. These idiomatic expressions were systematically classified into three categories and subjected to comprehensive analysis. The findings reveal that the majority of the idioms convey emotions, personal characteristics, and concepts of honor, thereby reflecting both cultural similarities and differences between Indonesian and Japanese cultures through idiomatic expressions. This study sheds further light on the intersection between cultural intelligence and idiomatic language, enhancing our understanding of how culture influences language use and interpretation.