bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frame Interpolation Based on Visual Correspondence and Coherency Sensitive Hashing
Authors: Zi Lingling , Du Junping , Wang Qian
Published: July 2013

The technology of frame interpolation can be applied in intelligent monitoring systems to improve the quality of surveillance video. In this paper, a region-guided frame interpolation algorithm is proposed by introducing two innovative improvements. On the one hand, a detection approach is presented based on visual correspondence for detecting the motion regions that correspond to attracted objects in video sequences, which can narrow the prediction range of interpolated frames. On the other hand, spatial and temporal mapping rules are proposed using coherency sensitive hashing, which can obtain more accurate predicted values of interpolated pixels. Experiments show that the proposed method can achieve encouraging performance in terms of visual quality and quantitative measures.
The Influence of the Specimen Shape and Loading Conditions on the Parameter Identification of a Viscoelastic Brain Model
Authors: Untaroiu Costin D.
Published: July 2013

The mechanical properties of brain under various loadings have been reported in the literature over the past 50 years. Step-and-hold tests have often been employed to characterize viscoelastic and nonlinear behavior of brain under high-rate shear deformation; however, the identification of brain material parameters is typically performed by neglecting the initial strain ramp and/or by assuming a uniform strain distribution in the brain samples. Using finite element (FE) simulations of shear tests, this study shows that these simplifications have a significant effect on the identified material properties in the case of cylindrical human brain specimens. Material models optimized using only the stress relaxation curve under predict the shear force during the strain ramp, mainly due to lower values of their instantaneous shear moduli. Similarly, material models optimized using an analytical approach, which assumes a uniform strain distribution, under predict peak shear forces in FE simulations. Reducing the specimen height showed to improve the model prediction, but no improvements were observed for cubic samples with heights similar to cylindrical samples. Models optimized using FE simulations show the closest response to the test data, so a FE-based optimization approach is recommended in future parameter identification studies of brain.
History of Bioelectrical Study and the Electrophysiology of the Primo Vascular System
Authors: Park Sang Hyun , Kim Eung Hwi , Chang Ho Jong , Yoon Seung Zhoo , Yoon Ji Woong , Cho Seong-Jin , Ryu Yeon-Hee
Published: July 2013

Background. Primo vascular system is a new anatomical structure whose research results have reported the possibility of a new circulatory system similar to the blood vascular system and cells. Electrophysiology, which measures and analyzes bioelectrical signals tissues and cells, is an important research area for investigating the function of tissues and cells. The bioelectrical study of the primo vascular system has been reported by using modern techniques since the early 1960s by Bonghan Kim. This paper reviews the research result of the electrophysiological study of the primo vascular system for the discussion of the circulatory function. We hope it would help to study the electrophysiology of the primo vascular system for researchers. This paper will use the following exchangeable expressions: Kyungrak system = Bonghan system = Bonghan circulatory system = primo vascular system = primo system; Bonghan corpuscle = primo node; Bonghan duct = primo vessel. We think that objective descriptions of reviewed papers are more important than unified expressions when citing the papers. That said, this paper will unify the expressions of the primo vascular system.
Neurodegeneration in Friedreich’s Ataxia: From Defective Frataxin to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Gomes Cláudio M. , Santos Renata
Published: July 2013

Friedreich’s ataxia is the most common inherited autosomal recessive ataxia and is characterized by progressive degeneration of the peripheral and central nervous systems and cardiomyopathy. This disease is caused by the silencing of theFXNgene and reduced levels of the encoded protein, frataxin. Frataxin is a mitochondrial protein that functions primarily in iron-sulfur cluster synthesis. This small protein with anα/βsandwich fold undergoes complex processing and imports into the mitochondria, generating isoforms with distinct N-terminal lengths which may underlie different functionalities, also in respect to oligomerization. Missense mutations in theFXNcoding region, which compromise protein folding, stability, and function, are found in 4% of FRDA heterozygous patients and are useful to understand how loss of functional frataxin impacts on FRDA physiopathology. In cells, frataxin deficiency leads to pleiotropic phenotypes, including deregulation of iron homeostasis and increased oxidative stress. Increasing amount of data suggest that oxidative stress contributes to neurodegeneration in Friedreich’s ataxia.
Free Boundary Value Problem for the One-Dimensional Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations with Density-Dependent Viscosity and Discontinuous Initial Data
Authors: Lian Ruxu , Zhang Guojing
Published: July 2013

We study the free boundary value problem for one-dimensional isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity coefficient and discontinuous initial data in this paper. For piecewise regular initial density, we show that there exists a unique global piecewise regular solution, the interface separating the flow and vacuum state propagates along particle path and expands outwards at an algebraic time-rate, the flow density is strictly positive from blow for any finite time and decays pointwise to zero at an algebraic time-rate, and the jump discontinuity of density also decays at an algebraic time-rate as the time tends to infinity.
Cervical Coupling Motion Characteristics in Healthy People Using a Wireless Inertial Measurement Unit
Authors: Kim Hyunho , Shin Sang-Hoon , Kim Jeong-Kyun , Park Young-Jae , Oh Hwan-Sup , Park Young-Bae
Published: July 2013

Objective. The objectives were to show the feasibility of a wireless microelectromechanical system inertial measurement unit (MEMS-IMU) to assess the time-domain characteristics of cervical motion that are clinically useful to evaluate cervical spine movement.Methods. Cervical spine movements were measured in 18 subjects with wireless IMUs. All rotation data are presented in the Euler angle system. Amount of coupling motions was evaluated by calculating the average angle ratio and the maximum angle ratio of the coupling motion to the primary motion. Reliability is presented with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).Results. Entire time-domain characteristics of cervical motion were measured with developed MEMS-IMU system. Cervical range of motion (CROM) and coupling motion range were measured with high ICCs. The acquired data and calculated parameters had similar tendency with the previous studies.Conclusions. We evaluated cervical motion with economic system using a wireless IMU of high reliability. We could directly measure the three-dimensional cervical motion in degrees in realtime. The characteristics measured by this system may provide a diagnostic basis for structural or functional dysfunction of cervical spine. This system is also useful to demonstrate the effectiveness of any intervention such as conventional medical treatment, and Korean medical treatment, exercise therapy.
Auditory Hallucinations in a Deaf Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Pedersen Natalia , Ernst Nielsen René
Published: July 2013

This case report describes the progression of symptoms in a young deaf female. Her initial psychotic symptoms occur at the age of 16, but she did not come into contact with a psychiatric treatment facility before the age of 27, where she felt symptoms were distressing. The case report describes the difficulties in evaluating psychotic symptoms in a deaf patient, as well as the use of specialized scales in combination with the standard psychiatric evaluation. The current evidence, concerning the prevalence of psychotic symptoms, as well as the influence of deafness on the understanding of psychosis, is described.
The Importance of C4d in Biopsies of Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Corrêa Rosana Rosa Miranda , Machado Juliana Reis , da Silva Marcos Vinícius , Helmo Fernanda Rodrigues , Guimarães Camila Souza Oliveira , Rocha Laura Penna , Faleiros Ana Carolina Guimarães , dos Reis Marlene Antônia
Published: July 2013

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is highly detrimental to the prolonged survival of transplanted kidneys. C4d has been regarded as a footprint of AMR tissue damage, and the introduction of C4d staining in daily clinical practice aroused an ever-increasing interest in the role of antibody-mediated mechanisms in allograft rejection. Despite the general acceptance of the usefulness of C4d in the identification of acute AMR, the data for C4d staining in chronic AMR is variable. The presence of C4d in the majority of the biopsies with features of chronic antibody-mediated rejection is reported, but this rejection without C4d staining is observed as well, suggesting that C4d is specific but not sensitive. Further studies on AMR with positive C4d staining in biopsy specimens are really important, as well as the study of novel routine markers that may participate in the pathogenesis of this process.
In VitroAntileishmanial Activity of Essential Oil ofVanillosmopsis arborea(Asteraceae) Baker
Authors: Colares Aracélio Viana , Almeida-Souza Fernando , Taniwaki Noemi Nosomi , Souza Celeste da Silva Freitas , da Costa José Galberto Martins , Calabrese Kátia da Silva , Abreu-Silva Ana Lúcia
Published: July 2013

The search for new immunopharmacological chemical agents to treat various diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, such as leishmaniasis, for example, has led to the exploration of potential products from plant species and their main active ingredients. Antimonial drugs are the current treatment for leishmaniasis. These drugs cause major side effects and frequent discontinuation of treatment. In this study, we evaluated thein vitroleishmanicidal activity of essential oil ofVanillosmopsis arborea(VAEO) and its major compoundα-bisabolol againstLeishmania amazonensis. The essential oil andα-bisabolol showed activity against promastigotes (IC507.35 and 4.95 μg/mL resp.) and intracellular amastigotes (IC5012.58 and 10.70 μg/mL, resp.). Neither product showed any cytotoxicity on treated macrophages. The ultrastructural analysis of promastigotes incubated with VAEO orα-bisabolol at 30 μg/mL, showed morphological changes with the accumulation of vesicles electrodense lipid inclusions. The results give evidence that both VAEO andα-bisabolol have potential as new therapeutic agents against leishmaniasis.
Chromosome Instability and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Ataxia Telangiectasia and Their Parents
Authors: Bitelo Ludwig Luciane , Valiati Victor Hugo , Palazzo Roberta Passos , Jardim Laura Bannach , da Rosa Darlan Pase , Bona Silvia , Rodrigues Graziela , Marroni Norma Possa , Prá Daniel , Maluf Sharbel Weidner
Published: July 2013

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Total blood samples were collected from 20 patients with AT, 13 parents of patients, and 17 healthy volunteers. This study aimed at evaluating the frequency of chromosomal breaks in spontaneous cultures, induced by bleomycin and ionizing radiation, and further evaluated the rates of oxidative stress in AT patients and in their parents, compared to a control group. Three cell cultures were performed to each individual: the first culture did not receive induction to chromosomal instability, the second was exposed to bleomycin, and the last culture was exposed to ionizing radiation. To evaluate the rates of oxidative stress, the markers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) were utilized. Significant differences were observed between the three kinds of culture treatments (spontaneous, bleomycin, and radiation induced) and the breaks and chromosomal aberrations in the different groups. The oxidative stress showed no significant differences between the markers. This study showed that techniques of chromosomal instability after the induction of ionizing radiation and bleomycin are efficient in the identification of syndrome patients, with the ionizing radiation being the most effective.
Clinical Outcome Following Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder Treatment: A 100 Patient Cohort Study
Authors: Diajil A. , Robinson C. M. , Sloan P. , Thomson P. J.
Published: July 2013

Oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) are at risk of transforming to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but controversy exists over their management and the precise role of interventional treatment. In this study, a cohort of 100 patients presenting with new, single oral dysplastic PMD lesions were followed for up to 10 years following laser excision. PMDs presented primarily as homogeneous leukoplakias on floor of mouth and ventrolateral tongue sites and showed mainly high-grade dysplasia following analysis of excision specimens. Sixty-two patients were disease-free at the time of the most recent followup, whilst 17 experienced same site PMD recurrence, 14 developed further PMDs at new sites, 5 underwent same site malignant transformation, and 2 developed SCC at new oral sites. Whilst laser excision is an effective therapeutic tool in PMD management, prolonged patient followup and active mucosal surveillance together with clear definitions of clinical outcomes are all essential prerequisites for successful interventional management. Multicentre, prospective, and randomised trials of PMD treatment intervention are urgently required to determine optimal management strategies.
Water-SolubleN-Acetyl-L-cysteine-Capped CdTe Quantum Dots Application for Hg(II) Detection
Authors: Yang Tianming , He Qingyi , Liu Yuying , Zhu Chaozhen , Zhao Dan
Published: July 2013

A simple, rapid, and specific method for Hg(II) detection has been proposed based on the fluorescence change ofN-acetyl-L-cysteine-capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs). The presence of Hg(II) ions could quench the fluorescence of QDs at 565 nm and meanwhile produce new peak in 700–860 nm wavelength range. The linear response range is 20–430 nM with the detection limit at 8.0 nM Hg(II). It was found that the position of the new peak was irrelevant to the size of QDs. Furthermore, the mechanism of the quenching of QDs fluorescence by Hg(II) and the appearance of new peak in near-infrared area were also discussed and deduced through ultraviolet absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum, and X-ray photoelectron spectrum.
Adsorption Properties of Low‐Cost Biomaterial Derived from Prunus amygdalus L. for Dye Removal from Water
Authors: Deniz Fatih
Published: July 2013

The capability of Prunus amygdalus L. (almond) shell for dye removal from aqueous solutions was investigated and methyl orange was used as a model compound. The effects of operational parameters including pH, ionic strength, adsorbent concentration and mesh size, dye concentration, contact time, and temperature on the removal of dye were evaluated. The adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The equilibrium data pointed out excellent fit to the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 41.34 mg g−1 at 293 K. Thermodynamic analysis proved a spontaneous, favorable, and exothermic process. It can be concluded that almond shell might be a potential low‐cost adsorbent for methyl orange removal from aqueous media.
The Front Seat Passenger: How to Transfer Qualitative Findings into Design
Authors: Osswald Sebastian , Sundström Petra , Tscheligi Manfred
Published: July 2013

While the field of automotive HCI research abounds in driver-focused design and studies of driver distraction, relatively little attention has been directed to the front seat passengers. A challenge for designers and researchers is the ideation through exploration of passenger experiences and needs and the question of how to integrate them in design solutions. In this paper, we ground an ideation exercise based on results of a probing study conducted at two petrol stations. A probing package for front seat passengers was designed and distributed in cooperation with a petrol station company. Approximately 700 customers were approached randomly and 90 probe packages were handed out. 30 probing packages were returned and a segment clustering and a qualitative analysis were performed. The results gave insights into the activities and needs of front seat passengers and were then used in a design workshop together with a group of industrial designers. A set of ideas for novel interface solutions for front seat passengers were developed such as the invisible engine (look through the motor block with a display-based camera system). We further discuss the challenges and shortcomings of how to interpret and express ideas when transferring qualitative research findings into design.
Validation of Computerized Automatic Calculation of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score
Authors: Harrison Andrew M. , Yadav Hemang , Pickering Brian W. , Cartin-Ceba Rodrigo , Herasevich Vitaly
Published: July 2013

Purpose. To validate the use of a computer program for the automatic calculation of the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, as compared to the gold standard of manual chart review.Materials and Methods. Adult admissions (age > 18 years) to the medical ICU with a length of stay greater than 24 hours were studied in the setting of an academic tertiary referral center. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed using a derivation cohort to compare automatic calculation of the SOFA score to the gold standard of manual chart review. After critical appraisal of sources of disagreement, another analysis was performed using an independent validation cohort. Then, a prospective observational analysis was performed using an implementation of this computer program in AWARE Dashboard, which is an existing real-time patient EMR system for use in the ICU.Results. Good agreement between the manual and automatic SOFA calculations was observed for both the derivation (N=94) and validation (N=268) cohorts: 0.02 ± 2.33 and 0.29 ± 1.75 points, respectively. These results were validated in AWARE (N=60).Conclusion. This EMR-based automatic tool accurately calculates SOFA scores and can facilitate ICU decisions without the need for manual data collection. This tool can also be employed in a real-time electronic environment.
Clauson Kaas Pyrrole Synthesis Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquid under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Aydogan Feray , Yolacan Cigdem
Published: July 2013

A new procedure to synthesize the N‐substituted pyrrole derivatives by Clauson Kaas reaction catalyzed by acidic ionic liquid under microwave irradiation was developed. This procedure provides several advantages such as high yield, clean product formation, and short reaction time.
VEGF in the Crosstalk between Human Adipocytes and Smooth Muscle Cells: Depot-Specific Release from Visceral and Perivascular Adipose Tissue
Authors: Schlich Raphaela , Willems Miriam , Greulich Sabrina , Ruppe Florian , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Ouwens D. Margriet , Maxhera Bujar , Lichtenberg Artur , Eckel Jürgen , Sell Henrike
Published: July 2013

Adipose tissue secrets adipokines and fatty acids, which may contribute to obesity-associated vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular risk. This study investigated which factors are responsible for the synergistic effect of adipokine and oleic acid- (OA-) induced proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Adipocyte-conditioned medium (CM) from human adipocytes induces proliferation of VSMC in correlation to its vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) content. CM increases VEGF-receptor (VEGF-R) 1 and 2 expression and VEGF secretion of VSMC, while OA only stimulates VEGF secretion. VEGF neutralization abrogates CM- and OA-induced proliferation and considerably reduces proliferation induced by CM and OA in combination. VEGF release is higher from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese subjects compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and VAT from lean controls. Furthermore, VEGF release from VAT correlates with its proliferative effect. Perivascular adipose tissue (PAT) from type 2 diabetic patients releases significantly higher amounts of VEGF and induces stronger proliferation of VSMC as compared to SAT and SAT/PAT of nondiabetics. In conclusion, VEGF is mediating CM-induced proliferation of VSMC. As this adipokine is released in high amounts from VAT of obese patients and PAT of diabetic patients, VEGF might link adipose tissue inflammation to increased VSMC proliferation.
Supine Lithotomy versus Prone Position in Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Upper Urinary Tract Calculi
Authors: Zhan Hai-lun , Li Zhi-cheng , Zhou Xiang-fu , Yang Fei , Huang Jie-fu , Lu Min-hua
Published: July 2013

Objective: To compare operative time, safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in the supine lithotomy versus prone position. Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2010, a total of 109 consecutive patients with upper urinary tract calculi were enrolled and randomly divided into group A (53 patients, supine lithotomy position) and group B (56 patients, prone position). The MPCNL procedures were performed under the guidance of real-time grayscale ultrasound system. The preoperative characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative parameters were analyzed and compared. Results: All patients were successfully operated. There was no signiﬁcant difference between the two groups in stone-free rate (group A 90.1 vs. group B 87.5%, p = 0.45), mean blood loss, number of access tracts, calyx puncture, mean hospital stay (group A 6 ± 1.1 vs. group B 6 ± 1.5 days, p = 0.38) and complications. But the operative time was significantly shortened in supine lithotomy position (group A 56 ± 15 vs. group B 86 ± 23 min, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The effectiveness and safety of the supine lithotomy position for MPCNL were similar to the prone position. However, the supine lithotomy position has an important advantage of reducing the operative time. The supine lithotomy position could be a good choice to perform MPCNL.
Otocephaly-Dysgnathia Complex: Description of Four Cases and Confirmation of the Role of OTX2
Authors: Patat O. , van Ravenswaaij-Arts C.M.A. , Tantau J. , Corsten-Janssen N. , van Tintelen J.P. , Dijkhuizen T. , Kaplan J. , Chassaing N.
Published: July 2013

Otocephaly-dysgnathia complex is characterized by mandibular hypo- or aplasia, ear abnormalities, microstomia, and microglossia. Mutations in the orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) and paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) genes have recently been identified in some cases. We screened 4 otocephalic cases for these 2 genes and identified OTX2 mutations in 2 of them, thus confirming OTX2 is implicated in otocephaly. No PRRX1 mutation was identified. Interestingly, ocular involvement is not a constant feature in otocephalic cases with an OTX2 mutation. In one case, the mutation was inherited from a microphthalmic mother. The mechanism underlying this intrafamilial phenotypic variability remains unclear, but other genetic factors are likely to be necessary for the manifestation of the otocephalic phenotype.
Enhanced Efferocytosis of Apoptotic Cardiomyocytes Through Myeloid-Epithelial-Reproductive Tyrosine Kinase Links Acute Inflammation Resolution to Cardiac Repair After Infarction
Authors: Wan Elaine , Yeap Xin Yi , Dehn Shirley , Terry Rachael , Novak Margaret , Zhang Shuang , Iwata Shinichi , Han Xiaoqiang , Homma Shunichi , Drosatos Konstantinos , Lomasney Jon , Engman David M. , Miller Stephen D. , Vaughan Douglas E. , Morrow John P. , Kishore Raj , Thorp Edward B.
Published: July 2013

Rationale:

Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is a prerequisite for inflammation resolution and tissue repair. After myocardial infarction, phagocytes are recruited to the heart and promote clearance of dying cardiomyocytes. The molecular mechanisms of efferocytosis of cardiomyocytes and in the myocardium are unknown. The injured heart provides a unique model to examine relationships between efferocytosis and subsequent inflammation resolution, tissue remodeling, and organ function.

Objective:

We set out to identify mechanisms of dying cardiomyocyte engulfment by phagocytes and, for the first time, to assess the causal significance of disrupting efferocytosis during myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results:

In contrast to other apoptotic cell receptors, macrophage myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase was necessary and sufficient for efferocytosis of cardiomyocytes ex vivo. In mice,
Mertk
was specifically induced in Ly6c
LO
myocardial phagocytes after experimental coronary occlusion.
Mertk
deficiency led to an accumulation of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, independently of changes in noncardiomyocytes, and a reduced index of in vivo efferocytosis. Importantly, suppressed efferocytosis preceded increases in myocardial infarct size and led to delayed inflammation resolution and reduced systolic performance. Reduced cardiac function was reproduced in chimeric mice deficient in bone marrow
Mertk
; reciprocal transplantation of
Mertk
+/+
marrow into
Mertk
−/−
mice corrected systolic dysfunction. Interestingly, an inactivated form of myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase, known as solMER, was identified in infarcted myocardium, implicating a natural mechanism of myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase inactivation after myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:

These data collectively and directly link efferocytosis to wound healing in the heart and identify
Mertk
as a significant link between acute inflammation resolution and organ function.
Experimental Hyperleptinemia in Neonatal Rats Leads to Selective Leptin Responsiveness, Hypertension, and Altered Myocardial Function
Authors: Samuelsson Anne-Maj , Clark James , Rudyk Olena , Shattock Michael J. , Bae Sung Eun , South Timothy , Pombo Joaquim , Redington Kathrine , Uppal Esna , Coen Clive W. , Poston Lucilla , Taylor Paul D.
Published: July 2013

The prevalence of obesity among pregnant women is increasing. Evidence from human cohort studies and experimental animals suggests that offspring cardiovascular and metabolic function is compromised through early life exposure to maternal obesity. Previously, we reported that juvenile offspring of obese rats develop sympathetically mediated hypertension associated with neonatal hyperleptinemia. We have now addressed the hypothesis that neonatal exposure to raised leptin in the immediate postnatal period plays a causal role. Pups from lean Sprague-Dawley rats were treated either with leptin (3 mg/kg IP) or with saline twice daily from postnatal day 9 to 15 to mimic the exaggerated postnatal leptin surge observed in offspring of obese dams. Cardiovascular function was assessed by radiotelemetry at 30 days, and 2 and 12 months. In juvenile (30 days) leptin-treated rats, hearts were heavier and night-time (active period) systolic blood pressure was raised (mm Hg; mean±SEM: male leptin-treated, 132±1 versus saline-treated, 119±1, n=6,
P
<0.05; female leptin-treated, 132±2 versus saline-treated, 119±1, n=6,
P
<0.01), and the pressor response to restraint stress and leptin challenge increased compared with saline-treated rats. Heart rate variability demonstrated an increased low:high frequency ratio in 30-day leptin-treated animals, indicative of heightened sympathetic efferent tone. Echocardiography showed altered left ventricular structure and systolic function in 30-day female leptin versus saline-treated rats. These disorders persisted to adulthood. In isolated hearts, contractile function was impaired at 5 months in male leptin-treated rats. Exogenously imposed hyperleptinemia in neonatal rats permanently influences blood pressure and cardiac structure and function.
Association of Resting Heart Rate With Carotid and Aortic Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Whelton Seamus P. , Blankstein Ron , Al-Mallah Mouaz H. , Lima Joao A.C. , Bluemke David A. , Hundley W. Gregory , Polak Joseph F. , Blumenthal Roger S. , Nasir Khurram , Blaha Michael J.
Published: July 2013

Resting heart rate is an easily measured, noninvasive vital sign that is associated with cardiovascular disease events. The pathophysiology of this association is not known. We investigated the relationship between resting heart rate and stiffness of the carotid (a peripheral artery) and the aorta (a central artery) in an asymptomatic multi-ethnic population. Resting heart rate was recorded at baseline in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Distensibility was used as a measure of arterial elasticity, with a lower distensibility indicating an increase in arterial stiffness. Carotid distensibility was measured in 6484 participants (98% of participants) using B-mode ultrasound, and aortic distensibility was measured in 3512 participants (53% of participants) using cardiac MRI. Heart rate was divided into quintiles and we used progressively adjusted models that included terms for physical activity and atrioventricular nodal blocking agents. Mean resting heart rate of participants (mean age, 62 years; 47% men) was 63 bpm (SD, 9.6 bpm). In unadjusted and fully adjusted models, carotid distensibility and aortic distensibility decreased monotonically with increasing resting heart rate (
P
for trend <0.001 and 0.009, respectively). The relationship was stronger for carotid versus aortic distensibility. Similar results were seen using the resting heart rate taken at the time of MRI scanning. Our results suggest that a higher resting heart rate is associated with an increased arterial stiffness independent of atrioventricular nodal blocker use and physical activity level, with a stronger association for a peripheral (carotid) compared with a central (aorta) artery.
New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique
Authors: GALEA HORIA R.
Published: July 2013

The present report provides the first general account of the shallow-water hydroids (excluding Eudendriidae) of Martinique, French Lesser Antilles. Of a total of 92 species recorded, 10 athecates and 31 thecates are discussed here, with the remaining species having been the subject of earlier accounts. Six hydroids, namely Halecium discoidum, H. xanthellatum, Sertularella calderi, Antennella peculiaris, A. similis, and A. tubitheca, are new. Previously unreported data on the nematocyst complement of Heterocoryne caribbensis Wedler & Larson, 1986, Ectopleura mayeri Petersen, 1990, Ralpharia gorgoniae Petersen, 1990, and seven hebellid species are provided. The gonotheca and the gonophore of Hebellopsis communis Calder, 1991 are described for the first time, allowing a genus transfer to Anthohebella Boero et al., 1997. Thyroscyphus longicaulis Splettstösser, 1929, a species whose gonosome remained unknown until now, is redescribed based on new, fertile material of both sexes. The occurrence of Antennella quadriaurita Ritchie, 1909 in the Caribbean is questioned upon comparison of its cnidome with that of specimens from Tristan da Cunha, the type locality of this species. An unexpectedly wide morphological variation is noted for Aglaophenia rhynchocarpa Allman, 1877. Specimens corresponding to the Caribbean Gymnangium longicaudum (Nutting, 1900), are shown to be indistinguishable morphologically from a taxon described earlier from Brazil, Gymnangium allmani (Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890), the latter having priority. Thorough descriptions are provided for the new, lesser known or unidentifiable species, while the common taxa are accompanied by brief remarks and/or distributional data. Illustrations are provided for each species discussed in order to justify their identification, and to facilitate identification by others. A checklist at the end of this work incorporates records of 101 species of hydroids reported from Martinique, both occurring in the present collection and cited in the literature.
Description and distribution of two new species of Paraonidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from a lagoon-estuarine ecosystem in the Southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: ARRIAGA-HERNÁNDEZ STEFAN , HERNÁNDEZ-ALCÁNTARA PABLO , SOLÍS-WEISS VIVIANNE
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to analyze the taxonomy and distribution of the polychaetes of the family Paraonidae from a lagoon-estuarine ecosystem in the Gulf of Mexico. The samples come from 20 soft bottom stations in the Términos La-goon during the dry and rainy seasons, of which eight included paraonids. In all, 1183 specimens belonging to two new species were identified: Aricidea (Acmira) hirsuta (1125 specimens) and Paradoneis carmelitensis (58 specimens). A. (A.) hirsuta is clearly distinguished from other members of the genus by the presence of unidentate curved spines with a dense pubescence along their medium and distal margins, and because the median antenna is short. P. carmelitensis is mainly characterized by the absence of eyes, by the presence of triangular shaped postchaetal prebranchial lobes, and the presence of branchiae and lyriform chaetae from chaetiger 4. The paraonids occurrence was mainly associated with salinities close to marine conditions (31.71 to 35.85 psu). They were almost totally collected during the rainy season (1178 specimens from both species) in the central and southern areas; during the dry season only five specimens of P. carmelitensis were recorded.
Brachyrhynchoides nom. nov. Artois & Schockaert, 2013: A replaced name for Brachyrhynchus Artois & Schockaert, 2013
Authors: ARTOIS TOM , WILLEMS WIM , REYGEL PATRICK , SCHOCKAERT ERNEST
Published: July 2013

We herewith propose that the genus Brachyrhynchus Artois & Schockaert, 2013, be renamed Brachyrhynchoides nom. nov. Artois & Schockaert, 2013.Immediately after publication of Brachyrhynchus Artois & Schockaert, 2013 (Rhabdocoela), we were kindly notified by a colleague that the name is preoccupied, being a junior synonym of Brachyrhynchus Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera). Although we did check in the Index to Organism Names (ION; Thomson Reuters 2009) and the Global Names Index (http://gni.globalnames.org/) before submitting the manuscript, Brachyrhynchus did not gave any results, possibly because of an unfortunate writing mistake in the search string. Apart from Brachyrhynchus Artois & Schockaert, 2013, there are four other junior synonyms of Brachyrhynchus Dejean, 1821: Brachyrhynchus Laporte, 1833 (Hemiptera), Brachyrhynchus Fitzinger, 1843 (Reptilia), Brachyrhynchus Selys, 1842 (Aves) and Brachyrhynchus Van Beneden, 1871 (Teleostei). There seems to be an ambiguity about the publication date of Brachyrhynchus Laporte, which is given as 1832 by ION and GNI, but apparently should be 1833 according to Cassis & Gross (2002), who follow Direction 63/1956 of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature (see Cassis & Gross, 2002: p.48). We therefore propose to replace the name Brachyrhynchus Artois & Schockaert, 2013 by Brachyrhynchoides nom. nov.
Breaking Surface Wave Effects on River Plume Dynamics during Upwelling-Favorable Winds
Authors: Gerbi Gregory P. , Chant Robert J. , Wilkin John L.
Published: July 2013

This study examines the dynamics of a buoyant river plume in upwelling-favorable winds, concentrating on the time after separation from the coast. A set of idealized numerical simulations is used to examine the effects of breaking surface gravity waves on plume structure and cross-shore dynamics. Inclusion of a wave-breaking parameterization in the two-equation turbulence submodel causes the plume to be thicker and narrower, and to propagate offshore more slowly, than a plume in a simulation with no wave breaking. In simulations that include wave breaking, the plume has much smaller vertical gradients of salinity and velocity than in the simulation without breaking. This leads to decreased importance of shear dispersion in the plumes with wave breaking. Much of the widening rate of the plume is explained by divergent Ekman velocities at the off- and onshore edges. Some aspects of plume evolution in all cases are predicted well by a simple theory based on a critical Richardson number and an infinitely deep ocean. However, because the initial plume in these simulations is in contact with the sea floor in the inner shelf, some details are poorly predicted, especially around the time that the plume separates from the coast.
Precipitation Classification and Quantification Using X-Band Dual-Polarization Weather Radar: Application in the Hydrometeorology Testbed
Authors: Lim S. , Cifelli R. , Chandrasekar V. , Matrosov S. Y.
Published: July 2013

This paper presents new methods for rainfall estimation from X-band dual-polarization radar observations along with advanced techniques for quality control, hydrometeor classification, and estimation of specific differential phase. Data collected from the Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) in orographic terrain of California are used to demonstrate the methodology. The quality control and hydrometeor classification are specifically developed for X-band applications, which use a “fuzzy logic” technique constructed from the magnitude of the copolar correlation coefficient and the texture of differential propagation phase. In addition, an improved specific differential phase retrieval and rainfall estimation method are also applied. The specific differential phase estimation is done for both the melting region and rain region, where it uses a conventional filtering method for the melting region and a self-consistency-based method that distributes the total differential phase consistent with the reflectivity factor for the rain region. Based on the specific differential phase, rainfall estimations were computed using data obtained from the NOAA polarimetric X-band radar for hydrometeorology (HYDROX) and evaluated using HMT rain gauge observations. The results show that the methodology works well at capturing the high-frequency rainfall variations for the events analyzed herein and can be useful for mountainous terrain applications.
Estimating Oceanic Turbulence Dissipation from Seismic Images
Authors: Holbrook W. Steven , Fer Ilker , Schmitt Raymond W. , Lizarralde Daniel , Klymak Jody M. , Helfrich L. Cody , Kubichek Robert
Published: July 2013

Seismic images of oceanic thermohaline finestructure record vertical displacements from internal waves and turbulence over large sections at unprecedented horizontal resolution. Where reflections follow isopycnals, their displacements can be used to estimate levels of turbulence dissipation, by applying the Klymak–Moum slope spectrum method. However, many issues must be considered when using seismic images for estimating turbulence dissipation, especially sources of random and harmonic noise. This study examines the utility of seismic images for estimating turbulence dissipation in the ocean, using synthetic modeling and data from two field surveys, from the South China Sea and the eastern Pacific Ocean, including the first comparison of turbulence estimates from seismic images and from vertical shear. Realistic synthetic models that mimic the spectral characteristics of internal waves and turbulence show that reflector slope spectra accurately reproduce isopycnal slope spectra out to horizontal wavenumbers of ∼0.04 cpm, corresponding to horizontal wavelengths of 25 m. Using seismic reflector slope spectra requires recognition and suppression of shot-generated harmonic noise and restriction of data to frequency bands with signal-to-noise ratios greater than about 4. Calculation of slope spectra directly from Fourier transforms of the seismic data is necessary to determine the suitability of a particular dataset to turbulence estimation from reflector slope spectra. Turbulence dissipation estimated from seismic reflector displacements compares well to those from 10-m shear determined by coincident expendable current profiler (XCP) data, demonstrating that seismic images can produce reliable estimates of turbulence dissipation in the ocean, provided that random noise is minimal and harmonic noise is removed.
Social mechanisms and grand theories of Modernity – worlds apart?
Authors: Aakvaag Gunnar C
Published: July 2013

In this article I argue against the widespread opinion that social mechanisms and grand theories of Modernity are conflicting approaches to social theory. My main thesis is that even though they clearly differ, they exhibit complementary strengths and weaknesses. Hence, I argue for a cooperative solution to the question of their coexistence within sociology. I present what I call a Weberian solution to this query. More precisely, I claim that a grand theory of Modernity should be conceived of as a constellation of social mechanisms. As a result, grand theories of Modernity may be both more properly articulated and tested empirically, whereas social mechanisms may be reconnected to the classical project of sociology, namely to construct a comprehensive theory of modernity. I illustrate the fruitfulness of my Weberian solution with a particular case, the sociology of freedom.
Effect of Radiotheraphy on Impaired Aortic Elasticity and Stiffness in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Kilicaslan Baris , Piskin Gonul Demir , Susam Ibrahim , Dursun Huseyin , Ozdogan Oner
Published: July 2013

We evaluated the effect of radiotherapy (RT) on the elastic properties of the aorta using echocardiography in patients with breast cancer (BC). A total of 105 women with left-sided epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( erb-2) BC were divided into 2 groups, group 1 with patients who did not receive RT and group 2 with patients who received RT. In all patients, echocardiographic examination and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were determined. A significant decrease in aortic distensibility (AD) and increase in hs-CRP were seen from group 1 to group 2. The AD was inversely correlated with left ventricle diastolic diameter, systolic blood pressure (SBP), left atrial diameter, age, and RT dose. The AD was significantly related to age, SBP, and RT dose. Increased RT dose is significantly correlated with impaired elastic properties that may contribute to the relation of RT and increased rate of cardiovascular events among patients with BC who received RT.
Effects of Immigration Enforcement Legislation on Hispanic Pediatric Patient Visits to the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Beniflah Jacob D. , Little Wendalyn K. , Simon Harold K. , Sturm Jesse
Published: July 2013

Objective. To compare the visits by Hispanic patients to the pediatric emergency department (PED) before and after passage of Georgia House Bill 87 (HB87). This bill grants local law enforcement the authority to enforce immigration laws. Methods. A retrospective chart review of all Hispanic patients who presented to the PED in a 4-month period after implementation of HB87 in 2011 was conducted and compared with the same period in 2009 and 2010. Data compared included patient acuity score, disposition, payer status, and demographics. Results. Fewer Hispanic patients presented to the ED after passage of the bill (18.3% vs 17.1%, P < .01), more patients were high acuity, and more patients were admitted to the hospital. Conclusion. The Hispanic population was the only group to see a decrease in visits and increase in acuity in the post-bill period. These results suggest potential adverse health effects on members of a specific group as a result of immigration legislation.
The Prevalence of At-Risk Development in Children 30 to 60 Months Old Presenting With Disruptive Behaviors
Authors: Szczepaniak Dorota , McHenry Megan S. , Nutakki Kavitha , Bauer Nerissa S. , Downs Stephen M.
Published: July 2013

Objective. This study assessed the prevalence of failed developmental screens in 30- to 60-month-old children who presented with a behavioral complaint of disruptive behavior to a referral clinic. Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed in a specialty behavioral pediatric clinic. Outcome measures were obtained from children referred to the clinic with parental concern of disruptive behavior. Results. Out of 151 patients, 66% (99/151) had been screened for developmental delays with a formal screening instrument. Of these, 71% (70/99) failed developmental screening in one or more domains. Conclusions. Preschoolers referred to a behavioral clinic for parental concerns of disruptive behaviors were more than 4 times more likely to be at risk for developmental delays than the general population, with a majority of suspected delays in communication and problem-solving domains. This finding suggests that developmental screening should be a part of the initial workup for children with disruptive behaviors.
The Politics of Financial Booms and Crises
Authors: Campello Daniela
Published: July 2013

The persistence of policy switches—whereby presidents renege on campaign promises shortly after winning elections—30 years after Latin America’s redemocratization defies established notions of democratic representation, and poses a puzzle to analysts and voters alike. In this article, I advance current explanations for switches, by arguing they can only be understood in the context of currency booms and crises, typical of Latin American economies after their reintegration into world finance in the 1970s. To test my propositions empirically, I examine elections held in the region between 1978 and 2006 and find evidence consistent with the claim that switches are more likely to occur in periods of dollar scarcity, when the need to attract financial capital to the economy pushes leftist presidents into adopting policies opposed to the programs they announced during campaign.
Piracy studies: Academic responses to the return of an ancient menace
Authors: Bueger Christian
Published: July 2013

In the last decade maritime piracy has become recognized as a pressing global problem. Together with the problem the new inter-disciplinary project of piracy studies has emerged. In this article I review the state of knowledge and the character of piracy studies. I present two arguments. Firstly, I review recent contributions and suggest that piracy studies is organized in three pillars. The first pillar studies the phenomenon of piratical practice and organization, the second the various organizational responses to it, and the third historicizes and theorizes piracy and the response to it. For each of these pillars I outline future challenges. Secondly, I argue to understand piracy studies, following John Dewey as a ‘community of inquiry’, that is, a community of researchers interested in translating violence and crime at sea into distinct problems that can be mastered. Although researchers rely on different scientific methods as well as divergent problematizations, piracy studies is an inter-disciplinary project that combines abstract and critical stances with immediate practical policy relevance. Far from being a niche project, piracy studies is representative of an innovative mode of knowledge production. Hence, there are larger lessons to be drawn from piracy studies, namely how knowledge generation can be organized to address a contemporary problem.