bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-air-pressure clean room system: A flexible, high-quality model for assisted reproduction laboratories
Authors: Le Minh Tam , Nguyen Trung Van , Nguyen Thai Thanh Thi , Dang Hong Nhan Thi , Nguyen Quoc Huy Vu
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to develop a configurable clean room paradigm with low air pressure for assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics and demonstrate the concept’s efficacy using in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment.Methods: A high-standard clean room system with positive pressure (13 Pa) was built using accessible materials and equipment for ART laboratories. Methods for controlling and evaluating the clean room’s characteristics were developed and implemented for quality assessment and calibration to maximize efficiency. The feasibility of the flexible clean room concept was assessed by analyzing the key performance indicators of embryo culture and IVF treatment.Results: After 3 weeks of testing, the concentration of particles ≥0.5 μm was 6.04 times lower than the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) class 5 standard (3,520 particles/m3) in the IVF laboratory. Air pressure, noise, temperature, and humidity were controlled stably and appropriately. Five days after installation and handover, the volatile organic compound concentration dropped to 0.00 ppm. With blastocysts and a respectable blastocyst rate, embryonic culture with female patients younger than 40 matched the criteria (63.5% and 38.9%, respectively). After vitrified blastocysts were transferred, the pregnancy and implantation rates were 58.5% and 36.2%, respectively, demonstrating a high degree of treatment success.Conclusion: Our customizable, high-quality, low-air-pressure clean room model can be implemented to achieve positive outcomes for infertility treatment.
Գրիգոր Օշականցու տաղերի լեզուն եւ ոճը
Authors: Հովհաննիսյան Աստղիկ
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY

ArchbishopGrigorOshakantsiisanEasternArmenianpoetofthe18thcentury.HisworksandmanuscriptswerebroughttogetherbyHovhannesKarnetsi.GrigorOshakantsu'smainthemeisthepraiseandglorificationofnativenatureinobjective,simpleandcomprehensibledescription.
ThemainvocabularyofOshakantsi'sworksisGrabarian.InadditiontothenativeArmenianvocabularydepositedthroughGrabar,OshakantsiusesanumberoffactscharacteristicofGrabargrammar.OshkantsialsousesanumberofloanwordsfromAssyrian,Greek,Hebrew,PahlaviandPersian.
HeisoneofthoseauthorsoftheMiddleAgeswhopresentshimselfwithvaluableversesbythestandardsofhistime,whichstandoutfortheirsubtlety,lively,eloquentdescriptionofartisticimages,andrichvocabulary.
ThelinguisticandstylisticrealitiesofGrabar(ClassicalArmenianlanguage)andAshkharabar(NewArmenianlanguage)foundintheworksofGrigorOshakantsipreparedasubsoilfortheformationoftwobranchesofAshkharabar,especiallyforthejustificationoflinguisticcomponentsofWesternArmenian.

РЕЗЮМЕ

АрхиепископГригорОшаканцивосточноармянскийпоэтXVIIIвека.ЕгопроизведенияирукописисобралОванесКарнеци.ОсновнаятемаГригораОшаканци–восхвалениеипрославлениероднойприроды,сматериальным,объективным,простымидоступнымописанием.
ОсновнаялексикапроизведенийОшаканци—грабарианская.Помимоисконноармянскойлексики,переданнойчерезГрабаря,Ошаканцииспользуетрядфактов,характерныхдляграмматикиГрабаря.Ошканцитакжеиспользуетрядзаимствованныхсловизассирийского,греческого,иврита,пехлевииперсидскогоязыка.
ОнодинизтехавторовСредневековья,которыйпредставляетсянамценнымипомеркамсвоеговременистихами,отличающимисятонкостью,живым,красноречивымописаниемхудожественныхобразов,богатымиполнымсловарнымзапасом.
Грабарские(Классическийармянскийязык)иашхарабарские(Новыйармянскийязык)лингвистическиеистилистическиереалии,обнаруженныевтворчествеГригораОшаканци,подготовилипочвудляформированиядвухветвейашхарабарскогоармянского,особеннодляязыковыхкомпонентовзападноармянскогоязыка.
Stigma Toward Mental Health Intervention: The Effects of Urbanization, Social Media, and Culture in Africa
Authors: Mtike Gerry , Charles Kimberly
Published: June 2024

Mental health illnesses such as depressive disorders, anxiety, mood disorders, and substance abuse have been
seen to have a positive correlation with increased urbanization and excessive social media (SM) usage. Modern countries are currently combating the effects of urbanization and destructive SM usage. In Africa, urbanization is rapidly increasing the prevalence of SM as well as increasing the number of mental health illnesses found
and their effects. All the while, there is a large shortage of trained mental healthcare workers as some aspects of African culture continue to propagate the idea of mental illnesses being spiritual rather than medical. This theoretical paper is a literature review that focuses on how SM, urbanization, and African culture impact stigma towards mental health and the minimal services available in Africa. The article concludes with a discussion on ways that we can ease the effects of SM, urbanization, and negative African cultural perspectives on mental health. There is a need for open and understanding conversations with one another and young people, reduction of destructive SM usage, and support for those who live under increased cultural and socioeconomic pressure in Africa.
Analisis Kinerja Algoritma YOLO dalam Penghitungan Benih Udang
Authors: Siska Armalivia  , Muhammad Abdillah Rahmat  , Thiara Tri Funny Manguma  , Rahmawati
Published: June 2024

Dua proses utama dalam budidaya udang adalah pembenihan dan pembesaran. Penghitungan benih udang adalah bagian dari kegiatan pembenihan. Namun, penghitungan udang setelah larva masih dilakukan secara manual, yang berarti mengambil udang dan menghitungnya secara manual, yang memakan waktu dan seringkali menghasilkan kesalahan manusia. Penelitian ini mengusulkan metode You Only Look Once (YOLO) untuk melalukan penghitungan jumlah larva udang secara otomatis. Metode YOLO merupakan model deep learning yang dapat mendeteksi sebuah objek dengan kecepatan dan akurasi yang tinggi, bahkan dalam kondisi penerangan yang kurang ideal. Dalam penelitian ini, pengambilan gambar objek menggunakan kamera yang ditempatkan di atas wadah putih berisi air 2 cm dan larva udang difoto dengan sistem backlight untuk menghindari pantulan cahaya dari dalam air. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil perhitungan sistem dan penghitungan manual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tidak hanya mendeteksi larva tapi juga menghitung jumlah larva udang serta menghasikan nilai validasi mAP pada model akhir yang dibangun dengan YOLO yaitu 96.83% serta menghasilkan rata-rata akurasi dengan 30 data latih sebesar 76.48%.
The Structure of the Relationship Between Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Emotion Dysregulation Among Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aboud Yusra Zaki , AlAli Rommel , Bukhamseen Amani
Published: June 2024

Despite previous research indicating a link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and emotion dysregulation (EDR), the precise nature of this relationship remains incompletely understood. Therefore, the objective of this study is to propose a structural model that elucidates the connection between EDR disorder and the hyperactivity disorder that co-occurs with attention deficit in this population. The study was conducted with a sample of 180 children, assessed by 30 teachers in public schools located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. To accomplish the study’s aim, the researchers developed a diagnostic scale to identify individuals with the hyperactivity disorder that accompanies attention deficit, as well as a scale to assess EDR disorder. The findings of the study demonstrate a positive association between ADHD and EDR. Despite the limitations inherent in diagnostic research within this domain, the structural model proposed in this study offers a distinctive framework for jointly classifying EDR disorder and ADHD. Future investigations in this often overlooked area may be guided by the divergent predictions offered by each of these models.
Analysis of Nature and Extent of Nutrition Education Imparted to the Rural School Children
Authors: Pal Ankit , Dixit Awadhesh , Kumar Sunil , Alok Dube  , Ashish Singh  , Akanksha Singh
Published: June 2024

With an emphasis on the responsibilities played by teachers, parents, and Anganwadi workers, this study intends to analyse the existing practises of nutrition teaching in rural schools in Bihar, India. An ex-post facto research design was used for the study, which was carried out in the Bihar district of Arwal. Teachers, parents, and Anganwadi staff made up the 240 participants who were drawn at random. Data collection was done using questionnaires, which were pretested for validity and reliability. As well as identifying any gaps or areas for improvement, the obtained data were analysed to ascertain the common tactics and methodology utilised by educators, parents, and Anganwadi staff in delivering nutrition education. According to the study, parents used a variety of tactics to promote healthy eating habits in their kids, including giving them choices, giving nutritious foods catchy names, and making food appealing to the eye. For nutrition teaching, teachers mostly used lectures, discussions, and visual aids like nutrition charts and posters.
Features of ski training for students of technical universities
Authors: Колотильщикова С.В. , Семенова М.А. , Александрова Г.А. , Черкасова Е.В.
Published: June 2024

в представленном материале представлены результаты анализа подходов повышения эффективности освоения техники передвижения на лыжах студентами обучающимися по техническим направлениям. На современном этапе развития технологий востребованность в специалистах технического профиля возрастает, и подготовка данных специалистов и соответственно повышение качества подготовки было и остается актуальным. Проблема подготовки специалиста технического профиля, отвечающего современным требованиям, стоит достаточно остро, так как по данным различных авторов отмечается отрицательная тенденция в уровне физической подготовленности и состоянии здоровья. В ходе исследования решались следующие задачи: - оценка уровня физической подготовленности и состояния здоровья; - анализ владения техникой передвижения на лыжах; - определение направлений повышения эффективности освоения техники передвижения на лыжах. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты имеют практическое значение и могут быть использованы при организации учебного процесса в учебных заведениях технического профиля.

the presented material presents the results of an analysis of approaches to improve the efficiency of mastering the technique of skiing. At the present stage of technology development, the demand for technical specialists is increasing, and the training of these specialists and the responsible improvement of the quality of training has been and remains relevant. The problem of training a technical specialist who meets modern requirements is quite acute, since according to various authors there is a negative trend in the level of physical fitness and health status. The following tasks were solved during the research: ¾ assessment of physical fitness and health status; ¾ analysis of the technique of skiing; ¾ determining the directions for improving the efficiency of mastering the technique of skiing. The results obtained in the course of the study are of practical importance and can be used in organizing the educational process in technical educational institutions.
Control of distance in putt depending on green speed and qualification of golfers
Authors: Яковлева Н.Б.
Published: June 2024

в статье исследуется навык гольфистов разного уровня подготовки, касающийся контроля дистанции в зависимости от различной скорости грина. Особое внимание уделено тому факту, что с ростом квалификации от новичков до кандидатов в мастера спорта у гольфистов и мини-гольфистов уменьшается вариативность и увеличивается эффективность ударов за счет адаптации к изменению скорости покрытия в то время, как у спортсменов невысокой квалификации, тренирующихся только на покрытии с одной скоростью, уровень адаптации к изменению скорости покрытия достаточно низкий. Автор приходит к выводу, что с ростом квалификации гольфистов значение стандартного отклонения на различных дистанциях уменьшается. Обобщается практический опыт о том, как скорость грина влияет на дистанцию удара, каким образом необходимо практиковать определенные методы контроля скорости. Обосновывается мысль о важности составления плана тренировок, направленного на учитывание изменения влияния скорости грина и соответствующая регулировка дистанции удара требующая большой концентрации и практики. Как и в случае с любым другими навыками, повторение имеет решающее значение для достижения мастерства.

the article examines the ability of golfers of different skill levels to control distance depending on different green speeds. Particular attention is paid to the fact that with increasing qualifications from beginners to candidates for master of sports, golfers and mini-golfers reduce the variability and increase the efficiency of shots due to adaptation to changes in the speed of the surface, while low-skilled athletes who train only on the surface with one speed, the level of adaptation to changes in coverage speed is quite low. The author comes to the conclusion that as golfers become more skilled, the standard deviation of the club head when aiming decreases. Practical experience is summarized on how green speed affects the length of the shot and how it is necessary to practice certain speed control methods. The importance of creating a practice plan aimed at learning the speed of play on the course is substantiated, and understanding the speed of the green and adjusting the length of the shot accordingly requires a lot of concentration and practice. As with any skill, repetition is critical to achieving mastery.
Literary studies of I.A. Efremov's prose: results and prospects
Authors: Гончаров Р.Е.
Published: June 2024

в статье представлен исторический обзор литературоведческих исследований художественной прозы И.А. Ефремова, предприняты попытки периодизации данного процесса и классификации его результатов, выявлены методологические проблемы, препятствующие теоретическому осмыслению жанровой сути творчества писателя как целостного эстетического явления. Сделан вывод о том, что перспективными для решения выявленных проблем направлениями дальнейших исследований являются активизация сравнительно-сопоставительной методологии и осуществление нового литературоведческого теоретического синтеза целостной модели, пригодной для описания жанровой сущности ефремовской прозы и системы типологически сходных с ней художественно-эстетических явлений.

the article presents a historical review of literary studies devoted to I.A. Efremov's prose. The research attempts to periodize this process and classify its results, and also to identify some methodological problems that hinder the theoretical understanding of the genre essence of the writer's work as an integral aesthetic phenomenon. It is concluded that activation of comparative methodology and implementation of a new literary theoretical synthesis of an integral model suitable for describing the genre essence of Efremov's prose and the system of typologically similar artistic and aesthetic phenomena are the promising areas for further research in order to solve the identified problems.
Evaluation of results in vertical jumps in track and field athletes using mechanical and electronic measuring devices
Authors: Табаков А.И. , Коновалов В.Н. , Романенко М.В.
Published: June 2024

статья посвящена проблеме унификации оценки скоростно-силовых способностей легкоатлетов в тесте вертикальный прыжок с использованием различных измерительных устройств. Разные способы регистрации результатов в вертикальных прыжках находят отражение в высоте прыжка, вследствие чего у специалистов возникают сложности в сопоставлении и интерпретации данных, полученных в других исследованиях. Решение данной проблемы видится в стандартизации процедуры тестирования и оценки результатов, полученных с использованием электронных и механических измерительных устройств. Анализу подвергались результаты прыжков вверх (n=100), выполненные одним испытуемым с использованием четырех измерительных устройств: ленты Абалакова, электронно-оптической системы OptoJump, инерционного датчика Gyko, контактной платформы Sporttlab. Проведенный статистический анализ показал отсутствие значимых различий между результатами прыжка (p>0,05). Следует отметить сильные корреляционные связи между всеми парами выборок (r = 0,947-0,999). Данный факт свидетельствует о высокой надежности и информативности оценки высоты прыжка с использованием вышеназванных устройств. Для сравнения результатов в тесте прыжок вверх с контрдвижением, полученных с помощью разных измерительных устройств, были разработаны уравнения регрессии для шести пар устройств.

the article is devoted to the problem of unifying the assessment of speed-strength abilities of track and field athletes in the vertical jump test using various measuring devices. Different ways of recording results in vertical jumps are reflected in the height of the jump, as a result of which specialists have difficulties in comparing and interpreting data obtained in other studies. The solution to this problem is seen in standardizing the testing procedure and evaluating the results obtained using electronic and mechanical measuring devices. The results of upward jumps (n=100) performed by one subject using four measuring devices were analyzed: Abalakov tape, OptoJump electron-optical system, Gyko inertial sensor, Sporttlab contact platform. The statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the jump results (p>0.05). It should be noted that there are strong correlations between all pairs of samples (r = 0.947-0.999). This fact indicates the high reliability and information content of jump height assessment using the above-mentioned devices. Regression equations were developed for six pairs of devices to compare performance in the countermovement jump test obtained using different measuring devices.
AUTONOMOUS ROBOTICS: ADVANCEMENTS CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: Mishra Alok , Mishra Preeti
Published: June 2024

This research paper explores the field of robotics, with a specific focus on autonomous robotics. It provides an overview of the advancements made in autonomous robotics, discusses the challenges faced in developing autonomous systems, and highlights potential future directions for research and development. The paper incorporates relevant references to support the information presented
BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION BY USING MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: Sahoo DK , Mohanty Mihir Narayan , Mishra Satyasish
Published: June 2024

The fast detection of brain-tumour contributes an important role in further developing therapeutic outcomes and hence functioning in endurance tolerance. Physically evaluating the various attractive Reversion Imaging (MRI) that are regularly distributed at the center is a problematic cycle. Along these lines, there is a significant need for PC-assisted strategies with improved accuracy for early detection of cancer. PC-based brain cancer detection from MRI images including their growth location, division, and order processes. In recent years, many inquiries have turned to zero in traditional or outdated AI procedures for brain development findings. Presently, there has been an interest in using in-depth learning strategies to detect cerebral growths with excellent accuracy and heart rate. This chapter presents a far-reaching audit of traditional AI strategies and in-depth study methods for diagnosing brain cancer. Also it distinguishes the main benefits reflected in the exhibition estimation measurements of the calculations applied in the detection processes
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR ECG ANOMALY DETECTION
Authors: Mohapatra Aditi
Published: June 2024

Medical data often exhibit class imbalance, where the number of samples in different classes is not proportional. This imbalance can pose significant challenges to traditional classification algorithms. This report explores the application of Support Vector Machines (SVM) to imbalanced ECG classification, discussing the inherent issues, techniques for addressing classification, and experimental results showcasing the effectiveness of SVM in handling ECG datasets
NANO BIOSENSOR: CONCEPT TO APPLICATIONS
Authors: Pravallika V. , Kothakota Naga Jogayya , Jena Bikash Ranjan
Published: June 2024

The field of nanotechnology is significantly influencing the advancement of a novel category of biosensors referred to as nanobiosensors. Nanobiosensors typically consist of a biological recognition molecule that is mounted onto the surface of a signal transducer. Consequently, the efficacy of the nanobiosensor is contingent upon the careful design of the biosensing interface. Nanobiosensors are currently being widely employed for the purpose of molecular detection of biomarkers that are connected with the diagnosis of various diseases. The utilization of novel nanomaterials in the field of biosensing has had a significant impact on biosensing research. The utilization of nanomaterials with large surface area has played a significant role in the development of nanobiosensors characterized by enhanced sensitivity and reduced response times. Current review intensifies a comprehensive overview of the recent advancement, and categories of nanobiosensors and broadest applications of Nanobiosensors in diverse sectors of biomedical and healthcare.
NANOTOXICOLOGY: SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND RISK EVALUATION OF NANOMEDICINE
Authors: Adhikary Babita , Mishra Hara Gouri , Sahu Bharat Bhusan , Kumar Ladi Alik
Published: June 2024

The safety assessment and risk assessment of nanomedicines are the main topics of this study's investigation into the subject of nanotoxicology. Nanomedicines, which are nanoscale materials used in medicine, have the potential to revolutionise healthcare thanks to their special qualities and ability to deliver medicine precisely where it is needed. However, careful safety assessment and risk evaluation are required due to worries about their possible negative impacts on human health and the environment. The field of nanotoxicology provides crucial insights into the safety profile of nanomedicines, enabling the identification of potential risks and the development of strategies to mitigate them. The integration of toxicological studies with advanced analytical techniques, such as omics technologies and high-throughput screening, enhances our understanding of nanotoxicity and facilitates the design of safer nanomedicines. Moreover, interdisciplinary collaborations among toxicologists, engineers, clinicians, and regulators are vital for ensuring the responsible development and translation of nanomedicines into clinical practice. By addressing the challenges and uncertainties associated with nanotoxicology, we can harness the full potential of nanomedicines while ensuring their safety and minimizing potential risks to human health and the environmen
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF NANO-PARTICLES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-DAMAGING DRILLING FLUIDS – A PRACTICAL APPROACH
Authors: Priyam Spandan , Kirembeka Joseph , Sharma Gayatri , Das Dr. Borkha Mech , Borgohain Dr. Pradip
Published: June 2024

Due to their unique physical traits and behaviors, nanoparticles (NPs) are regarded as crucial nano-materials for a variety of industrial and academic applications. NPs are currently in significant demand for application in the oil sectors. The addition of NPs to drilling fluid can significantly improve its rheological characteristics. This research explores the potential application of green nanoparticles synthesized from copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) using Aloe-Vera and orange peel extracts in non-damaging drilling fluids. The incorporation of copper and magnesium green nanoparticles into non-damaging drilling fluids showed promising results. The nanoparticles enhanced the fluid's lubricity, reducing friction between the drill bit and the wellbore, thereby minimizing wear and tear on drilling equipment. Furthermore, the nanoparticles exhibited excellent inhibitive properties, preventing clay swelling and shale hydration, which are common issues in drilling operations. Experimental investigations involve conducting laboratory tests to evaluate the performance of green nanoparticle-based drilling fluids. Rheological measurements and fluid loss tests conducted to determine the nanoparticles' effect on drilling fluid properties and their ability to minimize formation damage. The findings of this study help to clarify the potential advantages and restrictions of drilling fluids based on green nanoparticles. The results can help drilling fluid engineers and operators create effective and environmentally friendly fluid systems that will minimize formation damage, boost well productivity, and maximize hydrocarbon recovery in this basin with significant geological significance
DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICAL FOOD PRODUCTS EMPLOYING SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
Authors: Anushtha Ms. , Kalra Dr. Aakanksha , Bhatia Tanya
Published: June 2024

Considering global issues pertaining to rapidly growing population, resource scarcity, and economic inequality, the search for affordable food products is increasing. Food production could be transformed by synthetic biology, a rapidly growing field that combines biology and engineering. Designing and engineering biological systems using synthetic biology enables more sustainable and efficient food products and ingredients. This includes specially adapted cultures with improved nutritional composition, optimized production methods and genetically modified microbes for precise fermentation. These technological advances have the potential to reduce production costs, reduce resource use and improve environmental impact, all of which help reduce food prices for people around the world. However, issues of safety, regulation and public acceptance must be resolved before synthetic biology can be widely used in the food sector. This chapter emphasizes the necessity for a balanced strategy that considers both the advantages and disadvantages of this technology.
BAMBOO: FUTURISTIC RESOURCE FOR BIOENERGY-ITS COMMERCIAL APPLICATION AND BENEFITS
Authors: Kumari Rachna
Published: June 2024

The sustainability of the resources for the massive production of energy as well as materialsis one of the crucial setbacksfaced globally today. The giant production units are looking for resources which are renewable.The plant which we know as “Bamboo” shows a promising characteristics owing to its renewable and abundant cellulosic content. Bamboo has shown tremendous potential owing to its physical and mechanical strength. There are substantial reports to prove that bamboo plant has enough natural content and its environmental perspective to substituteany fossil fuel for the production of energy and materials. The plant in discussion holds desirable properties of the fuel compared to any biomass. Bamboo can be used as bioenergy as its entire solid, liquid and gaseous content can be transformed into desired output. The present discussion is an state of art presentation representing bamboo as natural, renewable and abundant resource of bioenergy. However, the massive production, harvest and management of the plant might be another point of discussion. The review has been compiled with an objective to emphasize the prospective of using bamboo and practically resolving the challenges as future resource for bioenergy.
EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF BIOFUELS TO POWER THE FUTURE
Authors: Chacha Agness Rhobi , Vedashree N Ms. , Roopashree R Ms.
Published: June 2024

The search for environmentally acceptable and sustainable solutions has grown essential as the world’s energy consumption rises. This abstract presents a thorough investigation into the possibility of biofuels as a practical and sustainable energy source for the future. Biofuels are a viable way to lessen the environmental impact of conventional fossil fuels because they are made from organic materials like trash, crops, and algae. The chap explores the many kinds of biofuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, which are first-generation biofuels, and second and third-generation biofuels, which require more sophisticated feedstocks and conversion techniques. With an emphasis on the potential for lowering greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing energy security, a critical examination of the environmental, economic, and social aspects of biofuel production and use is provided. The abstract also emphasizes current research projects and technology developments meant to improve the sustainability and efficiency of biofuel production. A biofuel-centric energy future is examined, with a focus on the development of bioenergy crops, the integration of biofuels into current energy infrastructures, and the investigation of novel conversion technologies. The opportunities and difficulties of producing biofuels on a wide scale are discussed, including potential conflicts with land usage, consequences for food security, and the significance of encouraging ethical bioenergy methods. A positive attitude regarding the potential of biofuels to diversify the energy matrix, promote sustainable development, and help create a cleaner, greener future is expressed in the abstract’s conclusion.
ADVANCES IN MAMMALIAN CELL CULTURE TECHNIQUES FOR CANCER THERAPEUTIC STUDIES
Authors: Shashidhara Vaishnavi , Nambiar Sinjitha S , Alwarsamy Madhavarani
Published: June 2024

The emergence of cell culture as a pivotal technique in understanding cellular processes involves isolating cells from tissues and cultivating them in a controlled environment. This method aids in studying various aspects like pharmacology, mutations, cancer development, and cell behavior. Cells can be cultured directly from tissues using enzymatic or mechanical methods or by utilizing established cell lines. Cultured cells require specific nutrients, growth factors, hormones, and gases for optimal growth. Initially, cell culture was carried out in two dimensions (2D) on flat surfaces, but this method has limitations in replicating the complex microenvironments found in the human body. Research comparing 2D and 3D cell culture models for drug testing, particularly in cancer cells, demonstrated that cells cultured in 3D environments displayed increased resistance to common chemotherapy drugs. This emphasizes the significance of considering cellular microenvironments in evaluating drug responses and highlights the drawbacks of 2D models in predicting drug efficacy in real tumor contexts. Despite its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, 2D cell culture remains widely used among researchers. To address the limitations of 2D culture, 3D cell culture techniques have been employed. This method provides more comprehensive insights into cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and offers a more clinically relevant response to therapeutic drugs.
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI: BIOPROCESSING TOOL FOR MODERN SCIENCE
Authors: Ali Dr. M.M. , Ranjan Ashish , Kumari Rachna
Published: June 2024

The biological control measures to enhance the quality and quantity of the agricultural productivity have attracted the researchers and scholars of the entire globe. The untapped potential of biological tools has lowered the dependency on the chemical based products for safeguarding the damage of agri-products. Exploiting certain living organisms, microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and others have led the rise of feasible and reasonable pest management techniques. Fungi (species infecting arthropods) have shown promising safeguarding tool over past few decades. Fungal genera such as Hirustella, Metarhizium, Beauveria etc are examples of such entomopathogenic fungi. Besides there pathogenic acitivity some of the fungal genera have shown a complementary behaviour which has been observed to be useful in plant growth. Recent studies have shown that few secondary metabolites produced have found to be promoting plant growth. The article presents an state of art collection of the various research works in the taxonomic, molecular aspect, application of such fungal genera in recent trends of biotechnological and strain improvement techniques.
LANGUAGE AND CULTURAL STUDIES IN LITERATURE
Authors: Manorama Ms. , Chugh Dr. Pinki
Published: June 2024

Language is the most widespread of everyone's assets, it is also the most difficult and intriguing. It is a tool for human contact, growth, and development of skills. Language anxiety is not a new phenomenon. There is evidence that individuals studied language from the beginning of recorded history. Many of current linguistics' assumptions, beliefs, and aspirations have their roots in previous centuries. this study aims to investigate what relationship between language and culture, and if yes what is the relationship between language and culture.
WHY FANFICTION? A LITERARY ANALYSIS OF LIVED EXPERIENCE
Authors: Ayushi Banerjee Adrija Das
Published: June 2024

What inspires individuals to write fanfiction? The answer to that question requires a careful evaluation of individual contexts and the trends they create and are influenced by. This chapter titled ‘Why Fanfiction ?’ will attempt to answer that question while carefully undertaking a discourse analysis of fanfiction, unearthing the motivation, lived experiences, and cognition that go behind the production of literary pieces like After, Dominance, “Moriarty x Eurus”- A BBC Sherlock Fanfiction and Till the End.
NAVIGATING THE LANDSCAPE OF 5G WIRELESS NETWORKS: INNOVATIONS AND OBSTACLES
Authors: Shaik Nazeer
Published: June 2024

The advent of 5G wireless networks ushers in a new era of connectivity with its promise of higher data rates, ultra-low latency, massive device connectivity, and enhanced reliability. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the advancements and challenges in the realm of 5G wireless networks. It discusses the technological innovations that have fueled the development of 5G, delves into the key features of 5G networks, explores the applications that stand to benefit from this technology, and examines the challenges that are hindering its widespread adoption. The aim of this paper is to provide a holistic understanding of the current state of 5G, shedding light on its potential impact on various industries and its implications for future research and development.
COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATION IN WIRELESS NETWORKS: COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY AND RELAYING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Narayana Reddy Prof. Dr. B. Lakshmi , Shaik Nazeer
Published: June 2024

Wireless communication has revolutionized connectivity, yet challenges like fading channels and interference persist. Cooperative communication, a paradigm leveraging collaboration among nodes, addresses these issues by harnessing spatial diversity. This paper explores cooperative diversity and relaying techniques in wireless networks. The introduction outlines the significance of cooperative communication. Cooperative diversity, explained in Section 2, taps into diverse fading patterns, enhancing signal quality. Amplify-and-Forward, Decode-and-Forward, Compress-and-Forward, and opportunistic relaying are discussed as strategies. Benefits include expanded coverage, increased reliability, and improved spectral efficiency, while synchronization and cooperation incentives are challenges noted in Section 4. Section 5 covers advanced concepts, including network coding and cognitive cooperation. Applications spanning cellular networks, ad hoc networks, underwater communication, and more are explored in Section 6. The future of cooperative communication is discussed in Section 7, considering AI integration, energy efficiency, and 5G evolution. In conclusion, cooperative communication promises robust, efficient wireless connectivity, while challenges and advancements shape its future role.
DISTRIBUTED MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SENSOR NETWORKS
Authors: Krishna Dr. T. Murali , Shaik Nazeer
Published: June 2024

Sensor networks play a vital role in modern applications such as environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and healthcare. However, the limited energy resources of sensor nodes present a challenge in sustaining their operation over extended periods. To address this challenge, we propose a novel approach that integrates distributed machine learning algorithms into sensor networks to enhance energy efficiency while maintaining data accuracy. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of our proposed system, which leverages the collaborative power of distributed processing, adaptive learning rates, and model compression. In our methodology, we first introduce a distributed learning framework inspired by federated learning principles. This framework enables sensor nodes to collaboratively train and update models while minimizing energy-intensive data transmissions. Adaptive learning rates are employed to dynamically adjust node contributions based on energy levels and computational capabilities. Additionally, model compression techniques are applied to reduce the size of model updates during communication, further optimizing energy usage. Through extensive simulations and experiments, we compare the performance of the proposed system against existing centralized and distributed approaches. Our results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves significant reductions in energy consumption and communication overhead while maintaining data accuracy levels on par with or better than existing methods. Moreover, the network lifetime is extended due to efficient energy utilization and adaptability to varying network conditions.
PESTICIDE-INDUCED STRESS AND INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR PLANT RESILIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Humane A. N. , Undirwade D. B. , Borkar S. L. , Sawai H. R. , Lawhe N. V. , Chaudhari B. N.
Published: June 2024

Agrochemicals, specifically pesticides, are commonly used to control pests and enhance crop yields. However, these substances can persist in soil and water systems, accumulating in sediment and living organisms. The extent of accumulation depends on their solubility, leading to various forms of ecological contamination. In addition to their benefits in agriculture, pesticides have been linked to adverse effects such as cytotoxicity, phytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in targeted plants. These effects include alterations in the antioxidant defense mechanisms of plants. Importantly, these drawbacks also affect non-target species, including birds, aquatic organisms, animals, and humans. The increased accumulation of pesticides can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress and cellular damage. This comprehensive review aims to investigate the molecular and cellular toxicity of pesticides, particularly in relation to how they affect the defense mechanisms of plants. Furthermore, this review illuminates the global strategies commonly employed to mitigate such toxicity. This study serves as a bridge between ongoing research efforts and the need for innovative, cost-effective approaches that prioritize environmental well-being. It offers valuable insights for both chemical engineers and plant researchers in the field.
ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING: SUSTAINABLE PEST MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
Authors: Lekha Ms. , Jat S. K. , Chhangani Gaurang , Ranwa Nema Ram
Published: June 2024

Ecological engineering is one of the modern concepts for pest management in agri-horti ecosystem which emphasis on the diversification of vegetation on and around the farm in order to modify the ecology of that agro-ecosystem, through habitat manipulation. These interventions like raising of indigenous resources, trap cropping, inter-cropping, beetle bank etc. offer an appropriate environment within the agroecosystem to fulfil the shelter and dietary requirements and helpful in creating a suitable environment for the natural enemies to flourish which in turn helpful in suppressing the pest population. In long run the different practices involved in such diversification or habitat manipulation helps in the conservation of bio-control agents. The ultimate aim of ecological engineering is to provide a sustainable ecosystem for the management of pests without causing any risk to environment and human health. Thus, keeping in view the importance of ecological engineering in maintaining ecological balance, the authors have discussed some of the approaches and their application for sustainable pest management, on-farm management and conservation of biodiversity of natural enemies and sustainable crop production.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE: A REVIEW OF CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE TRENDS
Authors: Mary Henrietta H.
Published: June 2024

The agriculture sector is undergoing a rapid transformation thanks to artificial intelligence (AI), which has applications in a variety of fields, including food safety and crop productivity. AI-powered tools can assist farmers in increasing crop yields, lowering input costs, and making better business decisions. Precision agriculture is one of the most exciting uses of AI in agriculture. Data analytics are used in precision agriculture to improve farming techniques like insect control, fertilization, and irrigation. AI-enabled sensors may gather information on crop health, soil moisture, and weather patterns, which can then be utilized to provide specific recommendations for each field. Farmers may benefit from this by wasting less and working more effectively. The management of cattle is a further area where AI is having a substantial impact. Robots with artificial intelligence (AI) can feed chicks, milk cows, and gather information about animal health. The spread of disease can be stopped by using this information to spot sick animals as soon as possible. Additionally, AI is being utilized to enhance food safety and create new food products. Foodborne infections in food products can be detected using AI-powered picture recognition technologies. This could assist in ensuring consumer food safety.
PHANEROGAMIC PLANT PARASITES: THE DESERTED PARASITES
Authors: Patil Sneha Rashtrapal Dr. , C. Senthilraja Dr. , B. Sangeetha Dr.
Published: June 2024

Plants are infected by a wide range of biotic and abiotic factors which reduces the yield. In addition to the various pests and pathogens associated with plants, there are certain plants which reduce the yield of plants. Such plants are called as phanerogamic parasites i.e. flowering plants which parasitize the plants. These phanerogamic parasites are the most ignored parameters of plant pathogens. A detailed knowledge of these phanerogamic parasites is essential as it can reduce the yield by 20-80%. Sometimes the phanerogamic parasites can destroy the entire cultivation. Thus it is essential to have detailed knowledge of these phanerogamic parasites.
GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Bhuyan Samarjit , Bhattacharjee Swarupa
Published: June 2024

Genetically modified crops(GM crops) are the crops whose DNA have been modified. This modification is mainly to make the crop resistant to insecticides, herbicides or other such conditions. This is done by the technique of Genetic Engineering where the desired part of DNA is altered. Sometimes a piece of extra specific DNA can be added to the original one. This causes the desired gene to express the desired character and the plant become fit to survive or give the desired result as well. Plants that have been genetically engineered to possess certain desirable traits can strengthen resistance to pests, diseases or herbicides, improve nutritional content, and enhance ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions such as drought or salinity. But despite of all these characters there may be some negative impact also. Thus various researches are being conducted to ensure that the negative impact on environment should be reduced. They have found that Genetically Modified Crops are instead making the environment more healthy as it reduces many activities such as use of dangerous insecticides and herbicides. This can sometime leads to harm non -targeted species but it is negligible. The technique has also made large reductions in fuel use and tillage adjustments possible, which has significantly decreased the discharge of greenhouse gas emissions from the region where GM crops are grown. This article is a modest effort to understand GMO and its impact on the environment better.
AS A RESOURCE OF FOOD AND FEED:ALGAE
Authors: Akgul Fusun , Akgul Riza
Published: June 2024

Food supply security is at risk due to factors such as improper agricultural practices, increase in human population, soil and water pollution. To cope with this risk, the search for an innovative, sustainable and effective food alternative has arisen. Algae have been used as a food source for many years because they have the nutritional composition that is the basic need of a living thing. Algae contain macronutrients such as usable protein, fat and carbohydrates, as well as essential amino acids and fatty acids. They are also rich in vitamins, minerals and pigments with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Studies on algae, which can be used in many areas such as biofuel production, C capture, wastewater treatment, have begun to focus on the production of high-value molecules. In recent years, algae-based food products containing these high-value molecules have been designed and commercialized. These products have a significant place in the algal biotechnology market and all the countries of the world have started to realize this. Algae have the potential to be used as human food as well as animal feed. Since algae contain more protein compared to traditional agricultural products and do not need to occupy agricultural land for their production, they are seen as a remarkable source of biomass in animal feed. In addition, intensive microalgae production for animal feed contributes to sustainable agriculture by absorbing the salinity and drought caused by the brutal use of agricultural lands, global warming by absorbing carbon, and preventing agricultural pollution by using nitrogen and phosphorus. There are still some obstacles to the use of algae as food and feed. however, when its economic return and efficiency are evaluated, it is clearly understood that they are the most important organisms for the prevention and overcoming of the food and environmental problems awaiting humanity in the future. Further studies are needed to optimize culture conditions, the effects of culture stress parameters on biochemical composition and molecular pathway studies, and to increase biomass productivity per unit volume. If algal biotechnology studies continue at the current pace, all these obstacles will be overcome in the next 10 years and the algal biotechnology market will have increased at least 3 times. In this chapter, the potential of algae as food and feed, the current status of algal biotechnology applications in this field, their contribution to the economy and the environment, the obstacles in front of this sector and what needs to be done to overcome will be focused on.