bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of classical protein kinase C subspecies in non‐neoplastic lymphocytes and non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Hojo Hiroshi , Morimura Yutaka , Abe Masafumi , Wakasa Haruki
Published: December 2008

It is generally accepted that phospnorylation plays a pivotal role in the cellular response of cell differentiation and proliferation. Immunohistochemical expression of classical protein kinase C (cPKC) subspecies (α, β and γ) in eight reactive tymphold tissues, three normal spleens and 149 non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas was examined. cPKC β was observed primarily in the mantle zone B cells, but appeared as very faint staining In Ki‐67 positive proliferated B cells in the germinal centers of secondary lymph follicies. In contrast to the reactive state, high levels of cPKC subspecies were recognized in the majority of 149 cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, Including those thought to have arisen from germinal center cells such as follicular lymphoma. The expression of cPKC α was found in higher frequency in T cell lymphomas than B cell lymphomas (P < 0.01) by the Chi‐squared test. High levels of cPKC α were present only in high grade or highly aggressive lymphomas, showing the highest incidence in the small non‐cleaved cell type, according to the International Working Formulation and National Cancer Institute (P < 0.01). cPKC γ was not detected in normal lymphold cells and was expressed in only four cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. It is presumed that cPKC α and β have a relationship to cell activation and proliferation of lymphoid cells of reactive and neoplastlc states. It might be considered that the expression of cPKC α may have a relationship with aggressiveness in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Immunophenotypical comparison of Gaucher's and pseudo‐Gaucher cells
Authors: Florena Ada Maria , Franco Vito , Campesi Guiseppe
Published: December 2008

An immunohlstochemical study on bone marrow biopsies and spleens of patients with Gaucher's disease and chronic myeloid leukemia was performed to investigate the immuno‐phenotype of Gaucher's cells and pseudo‐Gaucher cells. A panel of antibodies was used which were reactive on paraffin‐embedded tissues and directed against different hema‐topoietic lineage cells. Gaucher's cells and pseudo‐Gaucher cells expressed a very similar immunophenotype and displayed an intense reaction for the monocytic antibodies tested, thus confirming their common origin and that they belong to the same system. The expression of HLA‐DR antigens was much stronger in Gaucher's than in pseudo‐Gaucher cells. This last finding, together with other serologi‐cal data, suggests that Gaucher's cells could not behave simply as phagocytic cells but might play an active role in the chronic stimulation of the Immune system that sometimes occurs in patients with Gaucher's disease.
Cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia (CIN) III of the uterine cervix in a young female associated with AIDS
Authors: Kimura Masatomo , Sata Tetsutaro , Kurata Takeshi , Maekura Shunji , Satou Takao , Akiyama Hiroyuki , Nakajima Shigenori , Hashimoto Shigeo
Published: December 2008

A case of cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III implying severe dysplasia or carcinoma In situ of the uterine cervix in a 24 year old Japanese female patient with acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reported. Autopsy revealed marked systemic atrophy of lymph nodes, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, pulmonary aspergillosis, acute pancreatitis and CIN III of the portio vaginalis uteri. The human papillomavirus (HPV) genome was detected in sections of the CIN III by polymerase chain reaction. This is the first autopsy report of cervical neoplasia in a patient with AIDS in Japan, and the pathogenesis of CIN III in this case was associated with HPV infection. Gynecological examination should be mandatory for female patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Comparison of proliferative activities and metastases between two subtypes classified at the deeply infiltrating sites of colorectal moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas
Authors: Taniyama Kiyomi , Sasaki Naomi , Wada Shuichi , Sasaki Masaru , Miyoshi Nobukazu , Nakai Hayao , Kodama Shinya , Nakatsuka Hirofumi , Tahara Eiichi
Published: December 2008

Twenty‐eight moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas invading beyond the muscularis propria of the colorectum were subclassified as 13 moderate‐ and 15 poor‐subtype tumors based on the histology at the deeply infiltrating sites. Moderately differentiated cancer cells were correlated with liver metastasis and p53 immunoreactivity. Poorly differentiated cancer cells were correlated with lymph node metastases but not to p53 immunoreactivity. The proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index (LI), Ki‐67 LI and agyrophilic nuclear organizer regions (AgNOR) values determined for the poorly differentiated cancer cells in the poor‐subtype tumors were significantly lower than those of moderately differentiated cancer cells in the moderate‐subtype tumors. In cells from tumors classified as poor‐subtype, poor differentiation was associated with decreased PCNA LI levels, but with unchanged Ki‐67 LI and AgNOR values. These results Indicate that colorectal adenocarclnoma cells that are histologically subclassified as moderately differentiated have different proliferative and metastatic activities from cancer cells that are poorly differentiated. Moderately differentiated cancer cells are associated with hematogen‐ous metastasis to liver and high proliferative activity, and loss of tubular formation of cancer cells may be fundamentally related to lymph node metastasis and infittrative growth.
Collagenous colitis in a Japanese patient
Authors: Narita Takeo , Akiyama Masahiro
Published: December 2008

A case of collagenous colitis is reported. A 48 year old female who had been complaining of mild diarrhea had been under medication for a gastric ulcer. Colonoscopy revealed almost normal appearance of the colonic mucosa except for one hyperplastic polyp of the cecum. Specimens of the ascending, transverse and descending colon showed a distinctively thickened collagen band beneath the surface epithelium, 10–20 μm thick, which was Irregularly distributed, even within the same specimen. In some areas, the thickened collagen band was found around the upper part of the pits. Periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS), Azan staining and silver impregnation were positive for this thickened collagen band. Immu‐nohlstochemically, the thickened collagen band was weakly positive for collagen type III, but negative for collagen types I and IV. Plasma cells, lymphocytes and eosinophils were observed in the lamina propria in addition to intraepithelial lymphocytic infiltration. Capillaries were increased In the thickened collagen band. The arrangement of surface epithelial cells was irregular. Crypts were not distorted. Edema, diffuse or extensive fibrosis and congestion were not found. Through these findings the patient was diagnosed as having collagenous colitis. Many cases of this had been reported in western countries, but very few in Japan. The Japanese literature was reviewed for cases of collagenous colitis and it was found that only two cases had been presented.
Angiomyolipoma mimicking true lipoma of the liver: Report of two cases
Authors: Nonomura Akitaka , Mizukami Yuji , Shimizu Kohichi , Kadoya Masumi , Matsui Osamu
Published: December 2008

Hepatic angiomyolipoma (AML) is very rare and only about 80 cases have been reported. The tumor is fundamentally heterogeneously composed of the three tissue components of blood vessels, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and fat cells. Two cases of hepatic AML are reported here, both of which are histologically composed predominantly of a fat cell element and resembled true lipoma (lipomatous AML). However, careful examination of both tumors revealed the presence of a small amount of epithelioid SMC, especially around blood vessels. Immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibody for melanoma (HMB‐45) clearly revealed a small amount of HMB‐45‐positive SMC around the blood vessels and scattered in the diffuse fat cell growth in both tumors. Since no liver tissue components or primary liver tumors are reactive with HMB‐45 except AML cells, the presence of HMB‐45‐positive cells within the tumor clearly established the diagnosis of hepatic AML Any fatty tumor or focal fatty lesion of the liver that superficially resemble true lipomas should be tested for the presence of HMB‐45‐posi‐tive SMC in the tumor to differentiate it from AML.
Nodular breast filariasis: Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration
Authors: Monchy Didier , Noellat Philippe , Nomoredjo Amaury , Videault Alain , Dubourdieu Dominique
Published: December 2008

Bancrofttan filariasis is a tropical disease transmitted by mosquitoes that most often causes lymphadenitis. This article reports on a breast nodule due to Wuchereria bancroftl in a woman living in New Caledonia. The diagnosis was done by fine needle aspiration, which showed several microfilariae and avoided surgical treatment.
Endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus with rhabdoid features
Authors: Tanimoto Akihide , Sasaguri Takakazu , Arima Nobuyuki , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Hamada Tetsuo , Sasaguri Yasuyuki
Published: December 2008

A case of endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus with rhabdoid features, occurring in a 57 year old woman is reported. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry revealed that the rhabdoid cells contained Intermediate filaments which were positive for vimentln, cytokeratin, α‐smooth muscle actin, and muscle specific actin, but not for myoglo‐bin and desmin. This indicated that the tumor in this case differed somewhat from the three rhabdoid tumors and an endometrial stromal sarcoma with rhabdoid differentiation previously reported and that, therefore, these tumors were heterogeneous.
Increased cell proliferation and transforming growth factor‐α (TGFα) in the gall‐bladder epithelium of patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction
Authors: Kaneko Kenitiro , Ando Hisami , Ito Takahiro , Kasai Kenji , Watanabe Yoshio , Seo Takahiko
Published: December 2008

Pancreaticobiliary maljunctlon is associated frequently with gall‐bladder carcinoma. Although increased turnover of the gall‐bladder epithelium in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction is thought to predispose to carcinogenesis, there is little data to confirm this hypothesis. In addition, no previously published study has addressed the process underlying cell proliferation. In this study, cell kinetics were first evaluated using two methods, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) Immunohistochemical staining and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining. Second, immu‐nohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of transforming growth factor‐α (TGFα), a potential regulator of cell proliferation in the gall‐bladder. The gall‐bladders of 11 patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction were studied, and 11 gall‐bladders removed from patients during other surgery were used as controls. The number of PCNA‐positive cells and the number of AgNOR per nucleus were significantly greater in the gall‐bladders of patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction than in the control gall‐bladders. The expression of TGFα was also significantly greater in the gallbladders of patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction than in the control gall‐bladders. In conclusion, these results suggest that the increased TGFα expression induced by pancreaticobiliary maljunction promotes proliferation of the gall‐bladder epithelium, which may lead to carcinogenesis.
Cellular differentiation and development of pyloric mucosal metaplasia in the human gall‐bladder
Authors: Shimizu Miyuki , Kitoh Kuniyoshi , Fujimitsu Yasunobu , Inada Ken‐ichi , Ichinose Masao , Miki Kazumasa , Yamao Kenji , Nakazawa Saburo , Shamoto Mikihiro , Tatematsu Masae
Published: December 2008

The development of pyloric mucosal metaplasia (PMM) with regard to cellular differentiation in the human gallbladder was studied by mucln staining (paradoxical concanavalin A (Con A), galactose oxidase‐Schiff (GOS) and alcian blue (pH 2.5) PAS (AB‐PAS) and immunohistochemistry (pepsino‐gen II (Pgll) and SH‐9, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). PMM was divided into three stages of development by three‐dimensional (3D) computer graphic reconstruction analysis. In the early stage, a transitional zone of PCNA positive cells was observed between areas of SH‐9 and/or GOS reactive cells and class III and/or Pg II positive cells in flat monolayered epithelium. In the middle stage, shallow pits became apparent as areas enlarged, with these becoming deeper in the advanced stage, whereby SH‐9 and/or GOS reactive cells and class III and/or Pg II positive cells were observed at the upper and lower portion of the pits, respectively, with PCNA‐positive cells forming a narrow zone between the two cell populations. Consequently, the structure of PMM gradually resembles that of the normal gastric pyloric mucosa.
Regenerative pattern of liver cells in primary biliary cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, posthepatitic cirrhosis (HBV‐related) and hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparative analysis by computerized morphometry
Authors: Rahman Sheikh Mizanur , Itakura Hideyo , Motoda Akira
Published: December 2008

Computerized morphometrical measurements were made of liver cells and their nuclei taken from biopsy specimens of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), alcoholic cirrhosis, posthepatttic cirrhosis (HBV‐related), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The specimens were stained with hematoxylln‐eosin (HE), Mallory's stain for collagen fibers, orcein method, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reaction, and silver impregnation. Light microscopic views were then selected and original liver cells were magnified × 1000. The size of liver cell nuclei, distance between corresponding liver cell nuclei and distribution pattern of hepatocytes were calculated by computer. Variation in regenerative activity among the four disease groups was noted. Regenerative features of liver cells were mild in degree in PBC. In alcoholic cirrhosis, regenerative features of liver cells were less prominent than in posthepatitic cirrhosis. In posthepatitic cirrhosis, regenerative liver cells were well developed, showing remarkable pleomorphlsm of liver cell nuclei and expansive arrangement of liver cell cords. This tendency towards regenerative activity suggests that the possibility of HCC occurring Is greater In posthepatitic cirrhosis than in PBC or alcoholic cirrhosis. It was concluded that morphologically, there is a greater possibility of occurrence of HCC in posthepatitic cirrhosis than in any other type of cirrhosis, because of its high regenerative hepatocytic activity. Also etiological factors of liver diseases are more important in the developement of liver cell regeneration. Furthermore, regenerative activity can be measured by computerized morphometry as an established methodology.
Granulomatous cholangitis in chronic hepatitis C: A new diagnostic problem in liver pathology
Authors: Hoso Masahiro , Nakanuma Yasuni , Kawano Mitsuhiro , Oda Kunio , Tsuneyama Koichi , van de Water Judy , Gershwin M. Eric
Published: December 2008

A case of chronic hepatitis C at the pre‐clrrhotic stage complicated with hepatocellular carcinoma is reported. The patient, a 64 year old female, showed elevated levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and immunoglobulin M. Anti‐mitochondrial antibodies were negative by indirect immuno‐fluorescence. Western blotting using beef heart mitochondria and recombinant polypeptides coding for mitochondrial antigens revealed that the patient's serum was positive only for the E2‐subunit of the branched chain ketoacid dehydro‐genase complex. In the non‐neoplastic liver, chronic non‐suppurative cholangitis surrounded by epitheliold granuloma, resembling the granulomatous destructive cholangltis of primary biliary cirrhosis, was found. The damaged bile ducts were immunohistochemically minimally positive or ambiguous for HLA‐DR, and their expression of the E2‐subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 (PDC‐E2) was diffuse or granular, and not typical of primary biliary cirrhosis. There was no bile duct loss, and orcein‐positive copper binding granules reflecting chronic cholestasis were negative in periportal hepatocytes. The overall features in this case were consistent with primary biliary cirrhosis presenting an infrequent profile of antimitochondrial antibodies and atypical expression of HLA‐DR and PDC‐E2 on biliary epithelial cells, with late superimposition on chronic hepatitis C. However, It is also possible that this is a case of chronic hepatitis C with hepatitis‐associated bile duct damage accompanied by granulomatous reaction. Either way, this case raises new diagnostic issues in the differential diagnosis of chronic liver diseases presented with granulomatous cholangitis.
Immunohistochemistry and angiography in adenomatous hyperplasia and small hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Yamamoto Takatsugu , Ikebe Takashi , Mikami Shinichi , Shuto Taichi , Hirohashi Kazuhiro , Kinoshita Hiroaki , Sakurai Masaml
Published: December 2008

The sinusoidal structure and blood supply of 38 liver nodules less than 2 cm In diameter were Investigated. There were 18 cases of adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) and 20 cases of hepatocetlular carcinoma (HCC). Growth pattern, encapsulation and vascularity were examined, and Immunohistochemistry performed for factor VIII related antigen (factor VIII), type IV collagen (collagen IV), lamlnln and CD68. There were significant differences between AH and small HCC, except for the expression of CD68. There were differences In tumor size, vasculartty and the components of the basement membrane between AH and small, well differentiated HCC. The cases of AH were supplied by the portal system and maintained the sinusoidal structure, but small well‐differentiated HCC were supplied by a mixture of portal and arterial vessels. In spite of their small size, moderately and poorly differentiated HCC had capillary and were supplied by branches of the hepatic artery.
Lung squamous cell carcinoma producing both parathyroid hormone‐related peptide and granulocyte colony stimulating factor
Authors: Furlhata Mutsuo , Sonobe Hiroshi , Iwata Jun , Ido Eiji , Ohtsukl Yuji , Asahi Yasutomo , Kubonishl Ichiro , Miyoshi Isao
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 61 year old male with primary squamous call carcinoma of the lung with associated marked leukocytosls and hypercalcemla Is reported. High levels of serum parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) were detected. The tumor cells distinctly showed positive cytoplasmic knmunoreactions with anti‐PTHrP and anti‐GCSF antibodies. Marked granulocytosls and thin bony trabeculae lacking osteoblasts were observed in the vertebral bone. Calcium deposits were found In the proximal tubules of the kidneys. Infarcts were seen as a result of fibrin thrombosis of the splenic artery. The tumor was successfully transplanted into nude mice in which the high levels of serum PTHrP and GCSF were reproduced. These results indicate that the tumor simultaneously produced both PTHrP and GCSF causing the paraneoplastic syndromes of hypercalcemia and ieukocytosis.
Intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma massively involving the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Osamura R. Yoshlyukl , Makuuchi Hiroyasu
Published: December 2008

A case Is presented of intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma seen In a 53 year old mate, which extensively Infiltrated systemic organs, Including the entire digestive tract from the esophagus to the rectum. Payer's patch Invasion was evident. Multiple Intestinal perforations caused death 5 months later. Surface marker studies suggested the marginal zone origin for this CD2CT B cell malignancy.
Localized malignant peritoneal mesothelioma containing rhabdoid cells
Authors: Matsukuma Susumu , Alda Shinsuke , Hata Yoshinobu , Suglura Yoshiaki , Tamai Seiichi
Published: December 2008

A case Is presented of localized malignant peritoneal mesothelioma appearing as a liver neoplasm. The patient underwent tumor resection but developed a recurrent growth and died 10 months after the Initial surgery. The primary tumor showed sarcomatous features with rhabdoid cells. Examination revealed the presence of hyaluronic acid, co‐Immunoreactivlty for cytokeratln epithelial membrane antigen and vlmentln, cellular contacts with small desmosomes, and intracytoplasmic lumina. These findings supported the mesothelial nature of this tumor. The recurrent tumor was composed of predominantly tubulopaplllary proliferation. It was concluded that the present tumor was a localized malignant mesothelioma of a blphasic type showing a predominantly sarcomatous component in the primary tumor.
Immunoexpression of the α subunit of a guanine nucleotide‐binding protein (Go) in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and neoplasms
Authors: Kawano Naomi , Ito Takaaki , Kitamura Hitoshi , Shibagaki Tokuhiko , Kameda Yoichi , Nakamura Nobuo , Kanisawa Masayoshi
Published: December 2008

The α subunit of a GTP‐blndlng protein, Go, was investigated in pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms and fetal tissues of the lung by an immunohistochemlcal method. Positive immunostaining for the α subunit of Go (Goα) was found predominantly on the cell membrane and found occasionally in the cytoplasm. Typical carcinoids were all positively stained (9/9), and small cell carcinoma showed weaker and less frequent staining (5 positive cases in 10). Atypical carcinoids were variously stained (3/4). The tendency for obvious neuroendocrine differentiation to be immunohistochemically determined in typical carcinoids and not in small cell carcinoma is also true of staining for neuron specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A (CG‐A) and synaptophysin. In the lung, Goα‐immunostaining was positive not only in nerve tissues but also in the airway epithelium. In the fetal lung, serial sections immunostained for NSE, CG‐A and Goα confirmed that Goα‐immunoreactive cells belong to the neuroendocrine cell population. The biological significance of Goα is unclear in normal and neoplastic lung tissues, but Goα is a useful marker of neuroendocrine cells and neoplasms of the lung.
Kinetics of monocytoid B lymphocytes in localized inflammatory lesions induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice
Authors: Fujino Masahiko , Ohbayashi Masaharu , Ohmiya Naoki , Kato Nobuo , Asai Junpei , Ito Masafumi
Published: December 2008

Immunohistochemistry was used to study the kinetics of B lymphocytes (B‐lys) In the early stages of the localized inflammatory response Induced in SMA mice by the subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At the injection sites, medium‐sized B‐lys formed early inflammatory lesions with neutrophils and activated macrophages on days 1 and 2. The B‐lys were morphologically similar to monocytes, but were not stained with Mac1 antibody. Remarkably the B‐lys showed the phenotypes of B220+, lgM+, IgD (slight to negative), Ly‐1‐ and CD23‐ by double immunohistochemi‐cal staining. The B‐lys were also positive for alkaline phosphatase. Consequently the B‐lys could be identified as monocytoid B‐lys or marginal zone B‐lys. Plasmacytic B‐lys and plasma cells were first observed on days 3 and 4, but no lymphoid follicles were found at the injection sites. In the inguinal lymph nodes, the same B‐lys responses were mainly induced in the paracortical lesions (T cell areas) preceding the formation of activated germinal centers (GC). These findings suggested that the B‐lys, induced by injections of LPS, matured into plasma cells in the localized inflammatory lesions independent of GC, and that they were different from follicular B‐lys.
Neovascularization of the corpus luteum of rats during the estrus cycle
Authors: Tsukada Katsuya , Matsushima Takashi , Yamanaka Nobuaki
Published: December 2008

In order to elucidate the chronological morphological changes of the corpus luteum (CL) of rats, as a physiological angio‐genesis model, the CL of rat ovaries was studied light microscopically using periodic acid methenamine silver staining (PAM) and immunostaining for type IV collagen, laminin, thrombomodulin (TM), factor VIII related antigen (factor VIII) and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). The CL was also studied electron microscopically. Female Wistar‐lmamichi rats were used, which have a regular 4‐day estrous cycle. The histological changes of the CL were observed in 6‐hour intervals from 4h before the ovulation to 28h post‐ovulation during the estrous cycle. Once the basement membrane (BM) of the follicle disintegrated following ovulation, developing capillaries entered into the CL and formed a vascular lumen with a surrounding BM, which showed positive for PAM staining, type IV collagen and laminin. The developing capillaries in the CL showed a weakly positive reaction for TM and factor VIII, but were negative for α‐SMA. However, the appearance of immature pericytes around the well‐developed capillary was obvious with electron microscopy. The study reported here provides detailed descriptions of anglogenesis during luteinization. It is concluded that the angiogenesis of the CL begins at the time of destruction of the BM of the ovarian follicle, and that the capillary BM appears when the capillary forms its lumen. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the capillary does not develop into an arteriole during luteinization.
Histopathological study of stromal smooth muscle cells in fibroadenoma of the breast
Authors: Shimizu Tohru , Ebihara Yoshiro , Serizawa Hiromi , Toyoda Mitsuyasu , Hirota Teruyuki
Published: December 2008

Smooth muscle cells are extremely rare stromal components of flbroadenoma. Eighty‐five cases of flbroadenoma were reviewed In order to investigate the frequency of smooth muscle cells and to discuss its origin. Of the 85 cases, four (4.7%) cases showed smooth muscle cells in the stroma. Distribution In terms of age and tumor size did not show any difference from other cases. Three cases were classified as an intracanallcular subtype, and one was a mastopathic subtype. The cells possessed most of the ultrastructural characteristics of smooth muscle cells, but poor indentation of nuclear contours suggested the last remnant of fibro‐blasts. It was therefore easy to recognize the cells derived from fibroblasts. In two of four cases, smooth muscle cells were observed in the stroma, which had marked hyaliniza‐Uon and calcification. Therefore, it was supposed that smooth muscle cells could appear in the stroma of long‐standing tumors.
Thymic carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Watanabe Itaru , Tezuka Fumiaki , Yamaguchi Masato , Sagawa Junji , Kaise Nobuko
Published: December 2008

A highly malignant case of intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma showing morphological and biochemical evidence identical wtth medlastlnal thymoma is presented. A 32‐year‐old female, who had previously undergone total colectomy with lleo‐proctostomy due to familial adenomatous polypnosis, was operated on for a tumor (3.4 × 4.5 cm) originating from the left thyroid lobe. A minute focus (diam. 0.8 cm) of papillary adenocarcinoma also existed in the upper pole of the right lobe. The main tumor was morphologically an epithelial thymoma with scanty lymphocyte intermixing and showed medullary differentiation with apparent Hassall's corpuscles. Mitosis was frequent and numerous tumor thrombi were in the subcapsular veins. Five months after the total thyroidec‐tomy and lymph node dissection, a subcutaneous recurrence of the tumour (dlam. 2.3 cm) appeared in the anterior cervical region. The cystic contents of the recurrent tumor revealed a high titer of thymosin α1. Other organs, including thymus, lungs, and adrenals, had all been free of neoplastic changes clinically and radiologically for 5 months after her first admission until the local tumor recurrence.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the esophagus
Authors: Naganuma Hiroshl , Ohtani Haruo , Sayama Junzo , Sakai Nobumitu , Taira Yukio , Shibuya Daisuke , Miyazaki Atushi , Sakurada Hiroyuki
Published: December 2008

A 78‐year‐old man presented with an esophageal polyp that was confirmed by Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to be malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The tumor was comprised of a proliferation of spindle‐shaped cells admixed with bizarre giant cells. These tumor cells were immunoreactive for smooth muscle actin, vimentin, α‐1‐arrti‐chymotrypsin and CD68. Electron microscopic examination revealed the myoflbroblastic and histtocytic features of the tumor cells. No elements of epithelial or myogenic differentiation were found in the tumor. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the esophagus is extremely rare, with 10 cases being documented so far in the literature. The differential diagnosis of pteomorphic tumors of the esophagus is discussed.
Development and heterogeneity of macrophages and their related cells through their differentiation pathways
Authors: Takahashi Kiyoshi , Naito Makoto , Takeya Motohiro
Published: December 2008

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population differing In their site of location, morphology and function. They develop from hematopoletic stem cells originating In both fetal and bone marrow hematopolesls. In yolk sac and early hepatic hematopoiesls, primitive/fetal macrophages develop from hematopoletic stem cells, bypassing the stage of monocytic cells (monoblasts, promonocytes and monocytes), possess proliferatlve capacity and differentiate into resident macrophages in tissues in late ontogeny. Monocytic cells develop In hepatic hematopolesis after the development of primitive/ fetal macrophages, then move into the bone marrow in late ontogeny, forming a monocyte‐derived macrophage population in tissues. Like monocytes, the monocyte‐derived macrophages have no proliferative potential and are short‐lived, whereas the resident macrophages are long‐lived in tissue, possess proliferatlve capacity and can be sustained by self‐renewal. In adult life, the bone marrow releases macrophage precursors (immature myeloid cells) and monocytes into peripheral blood, but normally not monoblasts or promono‐cyts. The myeloid precursor cells migrate into tissues and differentiate into resident macrophages or related cells in situ due to macrophage differentiation or growth factors, such as M‐CSF and GM‐CSF, produced in situ and/or supplied Immorally. Monocytes, however, migrate into tissues in response to inflammatory stimuli and differentiate Into exudate macrophages. The distinct differentiation pathways of monocyte/macrophages, resident macrophages, other macrophage subpopulations, and macrophage‐related cells are reviewed together with the heterogeneity of macrophage precursor cells.
Nuclear p53 accumulation by small‐sized adenocarcinomas of the lung
Authors: Kawasaki Masanorl , Noguchi Masayuki , Morikawa Akio , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Yamada Tesshi , Hirohashi Setsuo , Kondo Haruhiko , Shimosato Yukio
Published: December 2008

In order to evaluate the alterations of nuclear p53 accumulation in early stage adenocarclnomas of the lung, nuclear p53 accumulation by small‐sized peripheral adenocarcinomas of the lung was examined Immunohlstochemically. Peripheral adenocarcinomas of the lung, 2 cm or less in diameter, have been classified into two groups; one showing replacing growth of the pulmonary alveolar structure and the other showing non‐replacing growth. The former group has been subdivided into three microscopic subtypes: type A, localized bronchloloalveolar carcinoma (LBAC); B, LBAC with foci of pulmonary alveolar structural collapse; and C, LBAC with foci of active flbroblastic proliferation. Type C is thought to be advanced carcinoma, which develops progressively from types A and B. Two of 32 (6%) types A and B carcinomas, 37 of 133 (28%) type C carcinomas and 14 of 35 (40%) non‐replacement‐type adenocarcinomas showed positive nuclear staining for p53. The positive staining frequency was significantly higher for type C than for types A and B (P<0.05). These results suggest that nuclear p53 accumulation occurs In the transition from the early to advanced stages of replacement‐type adenocarclnoma development and it may be a clinically useful Indicator of the degree of tumor malignancy.
Iipoleiomyomatous tumors of the uterus: A heterogeneous group? Histopathological study of five cases
Authors: Shintaku Masayuki
Published: December 2008

Five surgical cases of lipoleiomyomatous tumor of the uterus were studied histopathologlcally. All the patients were post‐menopausal. Three tumors had arisen in the corpus, and the remaining two in the cervix. In four of five cases, tumors consisted of smooth muscle tissue admixed with varying amounts of mature adipose tissue, which did not show cytological atypism. In the remaining single case, the tumor contained, in addition to smooth muscle tissue and fibro‐adipose tissue, many anomalous arterial blood vessels, which showed an irregular, tortuous appearance resembling that found in renal angiomyolipoma. From the histopathological findings and a review of the relevant literature, it was considered that lipoleiomyomatous tumor of the uterus is not a single histopathological entity but is composed of two distinct neoplasms with different histogenesis; that is, ‘lipo‐teiomyoma’ and ‘angiolipoleiomyoma’. While the latter tumor is most likely of a choristomatous nature, the former probably arises from ‘lipomatous’ metaplasia of a pre‐existing leiomyoma.
Rheumatoid arthritis complicated by pachy‐ and leptomeningeal rheumatoid nodule‐tike granulomas and systemic vasculitis
Authors: Kamio Naohiko , Kuramochi Shlgeru , Wang Ruo‐Jiao , Hirose Shigemichi , Hosoda Yasuhiro
Published: December 2008

Rheumatoid nodule is a frequent and characteristic extra‐articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its involvement of central nervous system is a rare occurrence with only a few reported cases. A 78‐year‐old man with severe arthritis showing the formation of rheumatoid nodule‐like granulomas in the dura and subarachnoid space along with the spleen is presented. The characteristic morphological finding of the granulomas was the presence of neutrophlls and the absence of definite fibrinoid necrosis, which differed from the typical features of rheumatoid nodules previously described. The diagnosis should be based on the exclusion of diseases that may cause similar granulomatous reactions including infectious diseases. Additionally, there was systemic necrotizing vasculitis in the dura and multiple cerebral Infarcts, although the association between vasculitis and cerebral infarcts was not clear.
Early stage of human adenovirus type 12‐inoculated retinal tissue of F344 newborn rat
Authors: Kato Youlchiro , Yamamoto Tomoko , Sawada Tatsuo , Kobayashi Makio
Published: December 2008

To elucidate the pathogenesis of adenovlrus type 12 (Ad12)‐induced rat retinal tumor, an experimental animal model of human retinobiastoma (RB), DNA analysis, in situ hybridizatlon and immunohistochemlstry were performed. The adenovirus oncogene EIA was detected in the host genome by Southern blot hybridization. Examined retinal tlssues did not show any histological changes, but the number of retinal cells lmmunoreactive with an antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) increased with the course of study. In in situ hybridization, E1A gene expression was recognized at the Inner granular layer of the retina at an early stage arer virus inoculation, and subsequently, N‐myc gene expression was recognized at the same region. No alteration was found in the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (Rb gene) expression. The product of the virus oncogene integrated into the host genome could induce an Increase in N‐myc expression, without any abnormality of the Rb gene itself. Results from the present study could be useful in clarifying the tumorige‐nesis of this experimental model.
Phenotypic modulation in cisplatin‐resistant cloned cells derived from transplantable rat malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Authors: Yamate Jyoji , Tajima Masanorl , Shibuya Kazumoto , Kuwamura Mitsuru , Kotani Takao , Sakuma Sadashige
Published: December 2008

The histogenesis of malignant fibrous hlstlocytoma (MFH) was studled using clsplatln (CDDP)‐resistant MT‐R8 and MT‐R9 cells derlved from cloned undlfferentiated MT‐8 and flbrohlstlocytic MT‐9 cells, resoecthfely, which had been established from transplantable rat MFH. CDDP concentrations requlred for 50% suppression of prollferation of MT‐R8 and MT‐R9 cells were 5.4– and 3.3‐fold greater than those of parental MT‐8 and MT‐9, respectively. MT‐R8 and MT‐Rg showed the higher positive rates to histimytic lysosomal/ antigenic (ED1 and ED2) markers. The number of a‐smoath muscle actin (SMA)‐positive cells significantly Increased in MT‐RB; SMA‐positlve cells were also obsenred in MT‐R9, but no difference was seen between MT‐9 and MT‐R9. MT‐R8 and MT‐R9 expressed both histiwytic and myofibroblastic phenotypes. However, the histology of subcutaneous tumors induced in syngeneic rats by MT‐R8 and MR‐R9 did not always reflect their in vitro nature. MT‐R8 developed undiffer‐entlated sarcomas similar to parental MT‐8 tumors. In contrast, MT‐R9 induced tumors with polytypic histologies such as the storiform growth pattern, neoplastlc growth of granular cells and myofibroblasts, osteosarcoma‐like areas, collagen‐rich areas containing well‐developed fibroblasts and areas involvlng many lipoblasts. These In vivo observatfons suggest the multidlrectional differentiation of MT‐R9 cells. Phenotypic modulation of rat MFH cells seemed to be easily induced by CDDP. A possible histogenesis of MFH was discussed based on the data collected.
Expression of latent membrane protein 1 in clinically isolated cases and animal models of AIDS‐associated non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Katano Harutaka , Morishita Yasuyuki , Cui Li Xin , Watanabe Toshiki , Hirai Kanji , Mori Shigeo
Published: December 2008

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMPl) Is known to be expressed in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) occurring In immunocompromlsed hosts, playing crucial roles In lymphomagenesis. LMPl expression at the microscopic level, however, was reported to be limited to some, not all, neoplastic cells In each specimen studied. In order to determine whether LMPl expression of NHL really Is IlmM to some cells, fhm cllnlcally Isolated acquired lmmunodeficlency syndrome (AIDS)‐associated and six experimental NHL were studied lmmunohlstochemlcally, Immuno‐eleclron mlcroscopically and flow cytometrically. The experimental models were the lymphocytic tumors produced In mere combined Immune deficiency (SCID) mice after engrattlng EBV‐infected B cells. Light microscopy revealed Intense LMP1‐immunostalnlng in less than 5% of neoplastic cells in the NHL, weak staining in less than 50% and apparently unstained cells in over 50%. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the intensely stained cells were those undergoing degeneration, whereas a proportion of the remainder demonstrated patchy reactions on their cell membranes. The weakly stained cells were found to correspond to cells with several patches on their cell membranes. Flow‐cytometric analysis demonstrated that a large proportion of the neoplastic cells expressed LMPl to some extent. Taken together, the resutts suggest that most of the neoplastic cells expressed UP1 molecules at quantitatively different levels, some of which were below the level detectable by light microscopy. The intensely stained cells were shown to be those undergoing degeneration.
Small pancreatic tubular adenocarcinomas: Clinicopathological analysis with immunohistochemical and histochemical evaluation
Authors: Matsukuma Susumu , Suda Koichi
Published: December 2008

Ten cases of surgically resected small pancreatic tubular adenocarclnomas (PTA), grossly 2 cm or less were analyzed. Nine patients presented with symptoms. The cumulative 5 year survival rate was 14.8%. According to the criteria proposed by the Japanese Pancreatic Society, in three patients the PTA was stage I and in seven patients it was stage II. lmmunohistochemical study detected overexpression of p53 In six PTA, of c‐erbB‐2 in four PTA, and of Ha‐ras p21 in six PTA. the p53 overexpression was closely related to the poor clinical course (P<0.05). All PTA focally had gastric mucin. In eight cases, mucous metaplasia was frequently found in the non‐cancerous pancreatic tissues. Most of the mucous metaplastic cells had gastric mucin, and their staining patterns resembled those of the respective PTA. These findings support the putative hypothesis that most PTA arise from ‘gastric mucous cell metaplasia’. However, in two cases, mucous metaplasia was not found. In one other case, minute dysplastic glands determining the existence of in situ carcinoma or intrapancreatfc metastasis were found in the islet of Langerhans, relatively distant from the main cancer. These findings also present the possibility that some PTA develop de nowo without mucous metaplasia.
Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric xanthomas: lmmunohistochemical analysis of 145 lesions
Authors: Hori Sadaaki , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

A total of 145 paraffin‐embedded biopsy samples of gastric xanthoma were analyzed for the localization of Hellcobacter pylorl (HP) antigens. By the indirect immunoperoxidase method using a polyclonal antibody, HP lnfection was identffied on the surface of foveolar cells In 69 (48%) samples. In 38 (55%) of the 69 lesions, the HP antigens were demonstrated in the cytoplasm of xanthoma cells clustered in the actively inflamed lamina propria mucosae, Among the remalning 76 xanthoma lesions negative for HP lnfection on the epithellal surface, only eight (11%) showed the existence of HP antigens in the foamy histiacytes, and 39 (51 %) revealed mild inflammatory change. Monoclonal antibody study using 75 specimens also gave a comparable result. Pre‐embedding lmmunoelectron microscopy using paraffin sections revealed positively labeled rod‐shaped bacteria both on the epithelial surface and in the phagosome of the xanthoma cells. These findings strongly suggest that some of the xanthoma lesions are provoked by lamina proprial invasion of surface‐infected HP.
Congenital mediastinal bronchogenic cyst with malignant transformation: An autopsy report
Authors: Okada Yoshikatsu , Mori Hiroshi , Maeda Tamaki , Obashi Akio , Itoh Yasuhiro , Doi Kenji
Published: December 2008

A rare autopsy case of mediastinal bronchogenic cyst with malignant transformation is presented. The cyst had been located in the anterior mediastinum for at least 28 years in a 52 year old male. Chest X‐ray findings showing rapid enlargement of the cyst and biopsy of the spine for lumbago made a clinical diagnosis as suspicious mediastinal cystic teratoma with malignant transformation metastasizing to the spine. Postmortem examination revealed that the cyst was located in the anterior mediastinum extending to the left pulmonary hilum and had no connection with the tracheo‐bronchial tree. The cyst wall consisted of bronchus‐like tissue including ciliated epithelium, hyaline cartilage, smooth muscle and mucoserous glands. There were no teratoma‐tous components in the wall. Malignant tumor predominantly consisting of round cells occurred in the thickened cyst wall and grew into the cyst cavity with direct invasion of the lung and metastases to the liver, adrenal glands, bone marrow of the lumbar spine and lymph nodes. An immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells fmquently expressed cyto‐keratin, epithelial membrane antigen and carcino‐embryonic antigen, occasionally CA19–9, vimentin and neuron‐specific enolase. From these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as undifferentiated carcinoma arising in the mediastinal bronchogenic cyst.
Expression of Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinin‐binding oligosaccharides in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Possible association with the metastatic potential
Authors: Tanda Naoko , Mori Shiro , Nose Masato , Saito Tetsuo , Song Shi‐Taek , Sato Atsushi , Teshima Teiichi
Published: December 2008

The expression of ‐GlcNAcβ1–6Man‐(β1–6) branched oligosaccharides In carcinoma cells has been considered to influence their metastatic potentials. In the present paper, the lectin histochemistry of oral squamous cell carcinomas obtained in biopsy from 34 patients with Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinin (L‐PHA), which potentially binds to N‐glycosidic carbohydrates with β1–6 linked lactosamin antennae, was studied in order to analyze the relationship between their staining patterns and metastases. The L‐PHA‐binding oligosaccharides of the carcinomas were expressed on the cell surface in the following patterns: (i) all cells were positive for the staining (‘positive’); (ii) some cells were positive but the rest of the carcinoma cells were negative (‘weakly positive’); and (iii) all were negative (‘negative’). Statistical analysis revealed that the incidence of the metastasis to regional lymph nodes in the ‘positive’ cases was significantly higher than that in the ‘negative’ cases. Moreover, the number of the CD14 positive cells including macrophages in the Stroma adjacent to the cardnomas in the ‘positive’ cases was less than that in the ‘negative’ or ‘weakly positive’ cases. The expression of L‐PHA‐binding oligosaccharides in oral squamous cell carcinoma may be responsible for their metastatic potential to regional lymph nodes, possibly Including their ability to escape macrophage recognition.
Spontaneous rupture of non‐aneurysmal ascending aorta
Authors: Tomita Masato , Shimokawa Isao , Ikeda Takayoshi , Iwasaki Keisuke , Higami Yoshikazu , Ohtani Hiroshi , Matsushita Tetsuro , Fukui Jun , Shikuwa Masahiro
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases with pericardial tamponade and spontaneous rupture of non‐aneurysmal ascendlng aorta are described. In case 1, no apparent predisposing factor was clinically noticed in a 74 year old male patient, but postmortem examination revealed laceration of the ascending aorta associated with aortic valvular deformity and slight dilatation of the ascending aorta. In case 2, a 61 year old man, a mild to moderate grade of aortic regurgitation was noticed clinically 5 months before death. Postmortem examination revealed a slight dilatation of the aortic annulus and post‐valvular portion of the ascending aorta. These two cases emphasize the clinical significance of aortic valvular disease with subsequent disordered blood flow, even when asymp tomatic, as a potential causative factor for spontaneous rupture of the ascending aorta.
Aortic intimal sarcoma with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Nanjo Hiroshi , Murakami Masayo , Ebina Toshihito , Hoshi Naoto , Sasaki Toshiki , Zhuang Yong Jie , Kobayashi Mikio , Kawamura Koichi , Masuda Hirotake
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of aortic sarcoma who died of acute myocardial infarction caused by coronary involvement is reported. The patient was a 54 year old woman who was admitted because of an undiagnosed fever and general fatigue of 6 months duration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a tumor in the aortic arch. Total aortic arch replacement was performed, it was diagnosed as a malignant mesenchymal tumor of the aorta. The patient died of acute myocardial infarction 10 months after the operation. At autopsy, the tumor had invaded the luminal surface and intima of the proximal anastomosis (the remnant ascending aorta and the graft), the aortic valves, the distal anastomosis (surgical line of the thoracic aorta plus the graft), and the coronary arteries. The left main coronary artery showed complete obstruction by fibrin thrombus with tumor invasion in the intima, which was responsible for acute myocardial infarction. Primitive and bizarre tumor cells proliferated with many slit‐like tissue spaces. Most of the tumor except for its luminal surface showed necrosis. Ultrastructurally, there were spaces between tumor cells, suggesting lumen formation, and some of them had microvilli. This sarcoma was considered to be the so‐called aortic intimal sarcoma.