bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression and chronic kidney disease: A review for clinicians
Authors: Bautovich Alison , Katz Ivor , Smith Michelle , Loo Colleen K , Harvey Samuel B
Published: March 2014

Objective:

To review the recent academic literature surrounding the prevalence, aetiopathology, associations and management of depression in chronic kidney disease (CKD), in order to provide a practical and up-to-date resource for clinicians.

Methods:

We conducted electronic searches of the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. The main search terms were: depression, mood disorders, depressive disorder, mental illness, in combination with kidney disease, renal insufficiency, dialysis, kidney failure. Separate searches were conducted regarding antidepressant use in CKD.

Results:

A number of recent, large and well-conducted studies have confirmed markedly raised rates of depression amongst those with CKD, with meta-analysis suggesting the prevalence of interview-defined depression to be approximately 20%. The interactions between depression and CKD are complex, bidirectional and multifactorial. Depression in CKD has been shown to be associated with multiple poor outcomes, including increased mortality and hospitalisation rates, as well as poorer treatment compliance and quality of life. Clinical evaluation of depression in patients with CKD can be challenging; however, once a diagnosis is made, a range of treatment modalities can be considered.

Conclusions:

Depression is common in CKD and is associated with a significant risk of adverse outcomes. Given the importance of this issue, there is now an urgent need for well-conducted randomised trials of interventions for depression in CKD in order to provide information on the safety and efficacy of treatments.
Evaluation of Two Types of Differential Item Functioning in Factor Mixture Models With Binary Outcomes
Authors: Lee HwaYoung , Beretvas S. Natasha
Published: March 2014

Conventional differential item functioning (DIF) detection methods (e.g., the Mantel–Haenszel test) can be used to detect DIF only across observed groups, such as gender or ethnicity. However, research has found that DIF is not typically fully explained by an observed variable. True sources of DIF may include unobserved, latent variables, such as personality or response patterns. The factor mixture model (FMM) is designed to detect unobserved sources of heterogeneity in factor models. The current study investigated use of the FMM for detecting between-class latent DIF and class-specific observed DIF. Factors that were manipulated included the DIF effect size and the latent class probabilities. The performance of model fit indices (Akaike information criterion [AIC], Bayesian information criterion [BIC], sample size–adjusted BIC, and consistent AIC) were assessed for their detection of the correct DIF model. The recovery of DIF parameters was also assessed. Results indicated that use of FMMs with binary outcomes performed well in terms of the DIF detection and for recovery of large DIF effects. When class probabilities were unequal with small DIF effects, performance decreased for fit indices, power, and the recovery of DIF effects compared with equal class probability conditions. Inflated Type I errors were found for non-DIF items across simulation conditions. Results and future research directions for applied and methodological are discussed.
Nearbies
Authors: Bers Trudy , Schuetz Pam
Published: March 2014

Community colleges enroll nearly half of the students enrolled in public undergraduate programs and a disproportionate number of first-generation, low-income, underprepared and minority students. The new national completion agenda has brought both visibility and pressure to these open-access institutions, which have completion rates of less than 25% for first-time full-time students and even lower rates for part-time students. While interventions to improve success tend to be focused on the first year, a surprisingly large number of students successfully complete more than 1 year of college credits yet leave without completing a credential or transferring. This study focuses on these “nearbies,” successful students close to completion who leave higher education. Results indicate students have varied reasons for departing, demonstrate behaviors at odds with their espoused value of earning a certificate or degree, and need support and encouragement throughout their time at the college. Personal relationships are particularly important in fostering a sense of connection.
Acquiring, positioning and connecting: the materiality of television and the politics of mobility in a Chinese rural migrant community
Authors: Yuan Yan
Published: March 2014

There has long been a dichotomy in television studies: research into the social meanings and practices of television as an object and infrastructure is confined to sedentarism, while the significance of television in migrancy is almost exclusively approached through migrants’ consumption of texts and programmes. As an attempt to break this material/immaterial division, this article uses an ethnographic study in a Chinese rural migrant community to explore the politics of mobility performed through the materiality of television. It reconceptualizes the conjunction between electronic mediation and the migratory subject as a body/material hybrid rather than a mind/text hybrid, examining Chinese rural migrants’ daily practices with television in their urban settlement from three perspectives: TV set acquisition, positioning and cable connection. Rural migrants’ resourceful engagements with the materiality of television were captured in the second-handedness of their TV acquisition, the diversified positioning of television sets at home, and the self-help cable infrastructure system in the neighbourhood. This materialist approach reveals the juxtaposition between mobility and immobility and their dialectical interconnections in the television consumption in migration. It illuminates a new arena of the politics of mobility, wherein the materiality of television represents a special resource, which affords the migrant user more competences and choices for both movement and settlement under the governance of migration.
Adolescent Identity and Career Exploration
Authors: Strom Paris S. , Strom Robert D. , Whitten Leah S. , Kraska Marie F.
Published: March 2014

The wish to be seen as an adult has been an adolescent goal for generations. This goal is more difficult to attain in a technological society because extended education is needed for employment but the criteria for adult recognition continue to reflect conditions of the past. Results are reported for an online poll of 288 high school students about their career orientation. Ways to improve student readiness for employment are recommended for schools, parents, and adolescents.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Factors Related to Workplace Violence Victimization
Authors: Sabri Bushra , St. Vil Noelle M. , Campbell Jacquelyn C. , Fitzgerald Sheila , Kub Joan , Agnew Jacqueline
Published: March 2014

Workplace violence (WPV) is a significant public health concern affecting all racial or ethnic groups. This study examined whether different racial/ethnic groups differed in vulnerability to WPV exposure and utilization of resources at the workplace. This cross-sectional research focused on White, Black, and Asian nursing employees ( N = 2,033) employed in four health care institutions in a mid-Atlantic U.S. metropolitan area. Whereas childhood physical abuse was significantly related to risk of WPV among workers from all racial/ethnic backgrounds, intimate partner abuse was a significant factor for Asians and Whites. Blacks and Asians were found to be less likely than Whites to be knowledgeable about WPV resources or use resources to address WPV. Services to address past trauma, and education and training opportunities for new workers may reduce risk of WPV and promote resource utilization among minority workers.
Nurses’ Comfort with Touch and Workplace Well-Being
Authors: Pedrazza Monica , Minuzzo Stefania , Berlanda Sabrina , Trifiletti Elena
Published: March 2014

Touch is an essential part of caregiving and has been proved to be useful to reduce pain. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to nurses’ perceptions of touch. The aim of this article was to examine the relationship between nurses’ feelings of comfort with touch and their well-being at work. A sample of 241 nurses attending a pain management training course completed a questionnaire, including the following measures: Comfort with Touch (CT) scale (task-oriented contact, touch promoting physical comfort, touch providing emotional containment), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI; emotional exhaustion, cynicism), and Job Satisfaction. Results of structural equation models showed that touch providing emotional containment was the main predictor of emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion, in turn, was positively related to cynicism and negatively related to job satisfaction. In addition, the direct path from touch providing emotional containment to cynicism was significant. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Comparison of low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch and human albumin as priming solutions in children undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Miao Na , Yang Jing , Du Zhongtao , Liu Wei , Ni Hong , Xing Jialin , Yang Xiaofang , Xu Bo , Hou Xiaotong
Published: March 2014

Human albumin is the conventional cardiopulmonary bypass circuit primer. However, it has high manufacturing costs. Crystalloid and colloid solutions have been developed as alternatives, including a new generation of non-ionic hydroxyethyl starch (HES). The efficacy of hydroxyethyl starch with a 130 molecular weight and substitution degree of 0.4 (hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4) was compared with human albumin for use in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in American Society of Anesthesiologists’ grade I-II pediatric congenital heart disease patients. Efficacy was evaluated by comparing perioperative hemodynamic parameters, including plasma colloid osmotic pressure, renal function, blood loss, allogeneic blood volumes and plasma volume substitution. The hydroxyethyl starch group exhibited significantly higher preoperative colloid osmotic pressure (p <0.01) and significantly lower operative renal function and postoperative allogeneic blood volumes than the human albumin group. No significant differences were observed in serum creatinine, glucose, hematocrit or lactic acid levels (p>0.05). Our results indicate that hydroxyethyl starch may be a viable alternative to human albumin in pediatric patients undergoing relatively simple cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries.
Education, Marriage, and Fertility
Authors: Requena Miguel , Salazar Leire
Published: March 2014

This article explores the effects of the increasing educational attainment of several cohorts of women born during the first half of the twentieth century on the historical change in their fertility. With data from the 1991 Spanish Census, we focus on the reproductive trajectories of women in these cohorts based on parity progression and marriage patterns. The conclusions point to a clear negative association between education and fertility on one hand and between education and marriage on the other. Both of these relationships prove relevant to understanding changes in fertility and childlessness in the cohorts and time span considered.
Spinal Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Mimicking as Chronic Inflammatory Demyelination Polyneuropathy
Authors: Chan Sophelia H. S. , Tsang Dickson S. F. , Wong Virginia C. N. , Chan Godfrey C. F.
Published: March 2014

We report a young boy who presented with progressive weakness of lower extremities associated with areflexia and abnormal electrophysiological findings initially suggestive of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Initial lumbosacral spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed thickened descending spinal nerve roots only. Immunomodulating therapy was given but with limited clinical response. Repeated spine magnetic resonance imaging showed cauda equina and also new spinal cord extramedullary contrast enhancement. The initial extensive investigations including open biopsy did not point to any specific diagnosis. Only through pursuing a repeated biopsy, the diagnosis of the spinal peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor was confirmed. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of the spinal peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor that could have an initial chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy-like presentation. The literature review confirms that this is a rare condition and cauda equina origin has only been reported in adults and teenagers, and this is the first reported case in a young child.
Reference Range of Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter Between 18 and 24 Weeks of Pregnancy in a Brazilian Population
Authors: Araujo Júnior Edward , Martins Wellington P. , Nardozza Luciano Marcondes Machado , Pires Claudio Rodrigues , Filho Sebastião Marques Zanforlin
Published: March 2014

To determine a reference range of fetal transverse cerebellar diameter in Brazilian population. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with 3772 normal singleton pregnancies between 18 and 24 weeks of pregnancy. The transverse cerebellar diameter was measured on the axial plane of the fetal head at the level of the lateral ventricles, including the thalamus, cavum septum pellucidum, and third ventricle. To assess the correlation between transverse cerebellar diameter and gestational age, polynomial equations were calculated, with adjustments by the determination coefficient (R2). The mean of fetal transverse cerebellar diameter ranged from 18.49 ± 1.24 mm at 18 weeks to 25.86 ± 1.66 mm at 24 weeks of pregnancy. We observed a good correlation between transverse cerebellar diameter and gestational age, which was best represented by a linear equation: transverse cerebellar diameter: –6.21 + 1.307*gestational age (R2 = 0.707). We determined a reference range of fetal transverse cerebellar diameter for the second trimester of pregnancy in Brazilian population.
Use of the Modified Atkins Diet in Lennox Gastaut Syndrome
Authors: Sharma Suvasini , Jain Puneet , Gulati Sheffali , Sankhyan Naveen , Agarwala Anuja
Published: March 2014

There is scanty data regarding the efficacy and tolerability of the modified Atkins diet in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. This study was a retrospective review of children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome treated with the modified Atkins diet from May 2009 and March 2011. The diet was initiated in those children who persisted to have daily seizures despite the use of at least 3 appropriate antiepileptic drugs. Twenty-five children were started on a modified Atkins diet, restricting carbohydrate intake to 10 g/d. After 3 months, 2 patients were seizure-free, and 10/25 children had >50% reduction in seizure frequency. At 6 months, of 11 patients on the diet, 3 were seizure free and 8 had >50% reduction in seizure frequency. At 1 year, all 9 children on diet had >50% reduction in seizure frequency. The side effects of the diet were mild. The modified Atkins diet was found to be effective and well tolerated in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Design and validation of a lower limb exoskeleton employing the recumbent cycling modality for post-stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Yan Hua , Yang Canjun
Published: March 2014

This paper presents the design and validation of a lower limb exoskeleton robot for post-stroke patients at the early stage of neurorehabilitation. Instead of the usual walking gait, the popular exercise, recumbent cycling, is adopted to provide a safe and comfortable movement training to the patients who lost active motor abilities due to a very low muscle power. The exoskeleton robot mounted on a commercial wheelchair possesses two pairs of hip and knee joints on the right and left legs, respectively, and each joint has one degree of freedom actuated by a custom-made linear actuator in the sagittal plane. Additionally, two passive ankle joints are added to provide a limited range of motion for human comfort. The hip and knee joint motion profiles were calculated based on a simplified kinematic model of the recumbent cycling modality, and implemented through the motor position–velocity–time trajectory. Clinical trials were conducted on six stable post-stroke patients with a low muscle power under the supervision of a skilled therapist. The preliminary results validated the functionality and feasibility of the new exoskeleton robot and showed a promising application of the recumbent cycling modality in robot-assisted neurorehabilitation.
Kinematics and synthesis of a type of mechanisms with multiple remote centers of motion
Authors: Bai Guochao , Li Duanling , Wei Shimin , Liao Qizheng
Published: March 2014

Remote center of motion (RCM) mechanism, widely used as a wrist of minimally invasive surgery robot, is a kind of minor-mobility mechanism with part of it rotating around a fixed point distal from it. However, there is no physical revolute joint at that point. In this paper, kinematics of mechanisms with two remote centers of motion or multiple remote centers of motion (multi-RCM) are researched. The relationship between geometrics and kinetic characteristics of RCM mechanisms is found. Mechanisms with multi-loop kinematic chain are developed and are used to synthesize multiple RCM mechanisms. This type of dimension synthesis method proposed to design multi-RCM mechanisms just needs the initial condition of fixed positions of the frame and remote centers. A synthesis example and a potential application are presented. The synthesis method of multi-RCM mechanisms is effective in constructing new type of mechanisms.
Automatic landing control using H-inf control and dynamic inversion
Authors: Lungu Romulus , Lungu Mihai
Published: March 2014

The paper presents the automatic control of the aircraft in the longitudinal plane during landing, taking into account the sensor errors and the wind shears. The H-inf control provides robust stability with respect to the uncertainties caused by different disturbances and noise type signals, while the dynamic inversion provides good precision tracking. These techniques are combined and a robust automatic landing system is obtained; by adding an optimal observer and two reference models providing the desired altitude and velocity, one obtained a new automatic landing system which is very suited for landing control in the longitudinal plane. The optimal control law is calculated in two ways, this improving the generality, applicability, and simplicity degree of the automatic landing system. The theoretical results are validated by numerical simulations for a Boeing 747 landing; the simulation results are very good (Federal Aviation Administration accuracy requirements for Category III are met) and show the robustness of the algorithm even in the presence of wind shears and sensor errors. Moreover, the designed control law has the ability to reject the sensor measurement noises, wind gust, and wind shears with low intensity.
Psychological Strategies for Winning a Geopolitical Forecasting Tournament
Authors: Mellers Barbara , Ungar Lyle , Baron Jonathan , Ramos Jaime , Gurcay Burcu , Fincher Katrina , Scott Sydney E. , Moore Don , Atanasov Pavel , Swift Samuel A. , Murray Terry , Stone Eric , Tetlock Philip E.
Published: March 2014

Five university-based research groups competed to recruit forecasters, elicit their predictions, and aggregate those predictions to assign the most accurate probabilities to events in a 2-year geopolitical forecasting tournament. Our group tested and found support for three psychological drivers of accuracy: training, teaming, and tracking. Probability training corrected cognitive biases, encouraged forecasters to use reference classes, and provided forecasters with heuristics, such as averaging when multiple estimates were available. Teaming allowed forecasters to share information and discuss the rationales behind their beliefs. Tracking placed the highest performers (top 2% from Year 1) in elite teams that worked together. Results showed that probability training, team collaboration, and tracking improved both calibration and resolution. Forecasting is often viewed as a statistical problem, but forecasts can be improved with behavioral interventions. Training, teaming, and tracking are psychological interventions that dramatically increased the accuracy of forecasts. Statistical algorithms (reported elsewhere) improved the accuracy of the aggregation. Putting both statistics and psychology to work produced the best forecasts 2 years in a row.
Some Evidence for Unconscious Lie Detection
Authors: ten Brinke Leanne , Stimson Dayna , Carney Dana R.
Published: March 2014

To maximize survival and reproductive success, primates evolved the tendency to tell lies and the ability to accurately detect them. Despite the obvious advantage of detecting lies accurately, conscious judgments of veracity are only slightly more accurate than chance. However, findings in forensic psychology, neuroscience, and primatology suggest that lies can be accurately detected when less-conscious mental processes (as opposed to more-conscious mental processes) are used. We predicted that observing someone tell a lie would automatically activate cognitive concepts associated with deception, and observing someone tell the truth would activate concepts associated with truth. In two experiments, we demonstrated that indirect measures of deception detection are significantly more accurate than direct measures. These findings provide a new lens through which to reconsider old questions and approach new investigations of human lie detection.
Prospective analysis of infectious disease surveillance data using syndromic information
Authors: Corberán-Vallet Ana , Lawson Andrew B
Published: March 2014

In this paper, we describe a Bayesian hierarchical Poisson model for the prospective analysis of data for infectious diseases. The proposed model consists of two components. The first component describes the behavior of disease during nonepidemic periods and the second component represents the increase in disease counts due to the presence of an epidemic. A novelty of our model formulation is that the parameters describing the spread of epidemics are allowed to vary in both space and time. We also show how syndromic information can be incorporated into the model to provide a better description of the data and more accurate one-step-ahead forecasts. These real-time forecasts can be used to identify high-risk areas for outbreaks and, consequently, to develop efficient targeted surveillance. We apply the methodology to weekly emergency room discharges for acute bronchitis in South Carolina.
Indigenous Rights as Tactics of Neoliberal Governance
Authors: Lindroth Marjo
Published: March 2014

Indigenous rights are being increasingly recognised globally. This article argues that this recognition does not reflect radically changed positions on the part of states and other actors but rather a development indicating the cost-effective operation of neoliberal governance. The biopolitical aspect of that governance regulates the life of indigenous populations as collectivities, with rights used tactically in this process. The material for this article consists of reports of the United Nations special rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples. The approach of governmentality is used to study how the rapporteur’s expert interpretations make indigenous peoples governable in particular ways, that is, through specific practices of power. The research identifies three such practices bearing on indigenous rights: indigenous peoples as exceptional – the necessity to intervene; indigenous rights – uncertain and calculated and indigenous peoples as claimants – the right to remedies. Expertise and legality function to depoliticise the language of indigenous rights, with states and other actors seemingly governing indigenous peoples less, yet, in recognising their rights, governing them more cost-effectively. These power effects go beyond the stated aims of safeguarding indigenous peoples and should be considered when indigenous rights are negotiated.
The letters of Alix Joffroy (1844–1908), a medical intern at Lariboisière’s Hospital at the time of the Commune of Paris
Authors: Tiberghien Denis
Published: March 2014

Since opening in 1848, Lariboisière’s Hospital was strongly associated with the history of Paris and especially with the terrible days of the siege of Paris and the fights of the Commune. On the day after the surrender, Alix Joffroy wrote his first letter to his mother. He described the events as he experienced them, expressing his feelings about the causes of this political and military disaster and his experience there as an intern. Some weeks after the defeat of France by the Prussians, humbled Parisians attacked governmental troops. From March to May 1871 an improvised insurrectionary movement, The Commune of Paris, had taken power in the capital During the Bloody Week from 21 to 28 May 1871; this movement was suppressed by the Versaillaise Army. In his second letter, Joffroy related with great realism the tooth and nail fighting at the barricades and then the savage repression by the Army of the Communards around Lariboisière’s Hospital. Two letters preciously preserved by Alix Joffroy’s descendants give this man’s unique direct account of a tragic period of the 19th century.
The fate of Rose Anna Shedlock (c1850–1878) and the early career of Émile Roux (1853–1933)
Authors: McIntyre Neil
Published: March 2014

The 1878 marriage of Rose Anna Shedlock and Émile Roux was a closely guarded secret. Shedlock studied medicine at Edinburgh with Sophia Jex-Blake (1840–1912) and her fellow students but is not mentioned by name in the usual accounts of their battle for recognition by the University. Subsequently Shedlock attended the Paris medical school where she probably met Emile Roux who was attached to the military medical school of the Val-de-Grâce before his dismissal in 1876. Documentation of this episode and of Roux’s life over the next two years is fragmentary and inaccurate. Sadly, Shedlock died, probably of tuberculosis, in 1879. In a romanticized and highly inaccurate biography Roux’s niece suggested that Rose Anna contracted tuberculosis from Roux whose life was later blighted by the disease. However, Shedlock was unwell for some years before they married and it seems far more likely that she passed the disease on to him.
Inspirations in medical genetics
Authors: Asadollahi Reza
Published: March 2014

There are abundant instances in the history of genetics and medical genetics to illustrate how curiosity, charisma of mentors, nature, art, the saving of lives and many other matters have inspired great discoveries. These achievements from deciphering genetic concepts to characterizing genetic disorders have been crucial for management of the patients. There remains, however, a long pathway ahead.
Queen Anne (1665–1714) and her health
Authors: Ross John
Published: March 2014

The contemporary records of Queen Anne's health and disease are reviewed, including the strange diagnoses made and the treatments prescribed. A correct diagnosis is suggested.
Edward Leicester Atkinson (1881–1929): Antarctic explorer, scientist and naval surgeon
Authors: Guly Henry
Published: March 2014

Edward Leicester Atkinson qualified at St Thomas's Hospital in 1906 and joined the Navy in 1908. He was a doctor and parasitologist on Captain Scott's Terra Nova expedition to the Antarctic and had to take charge of the expedition when Scott died on his return from the South Pole. After the expedition he went to China and discovered the cause of schistosomiasis, returning at the start of the First World War in which he served with distinction, winning a DSO and Albert Medal but also being severely injured. After the war he served in various naval posts and became the youngest Surgeon Captain in the Navy before being retired on health grounds in 1928. He died at sea the following year.
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Sugarcane Farmers in North-Eastern Thailand
Authors: Phajan Teerasak , Nilvarangkul Kessarawan , Settheetham Dariwan , Laohasiriwong Wongsa
Published: March 2014

This cross-sectional analytical study aimed to identify prevalence and factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among sugarcane farmers. Cluster random sampling was used to select 540 sugarcane farmers from 3 provinces in North-Eastern Thailand. Three related questionnaires, plus assessments by 2 expert physiotherapists, were used to check for factors associated with WMSDs and prevalence of WMSDs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regressions. The results indicated the prevalence of WMSDs among sugarcane farmers in the 7 days before the interview and looking back over the previous 12 months were 82.96% and 88.70%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with reporting WMSDs ( P value < .05) during past 12 months were ( a) repetitive motions (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-3.43), ( b) working in awkward postures (adjusted OR = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.01-3.77), ( c) forceful exertions (adjusted OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.54-5.02), and ( d) stress about future income (adjusted OR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.02-3.16). Recommendations are made for risk prevention strategies.
Opening Yourself Up
Authors: Bell Sam R. , Clay K. Chad , Murdie Amanda , Piazza James
Published: March 2014

Information transparency is frequently heralded as a positive regime feature. However, does information transparency produce negative side effects such as increased terrorist activity? We theorize that freer transmission of information creates opportunities for radical dissidents to employ political violence to draw attention to their agendas. We build a theoretical argument connecting external (international) transparency to increases in transnational terrorism, and internal (domestic) transparency to increases in domestic terrorism. We find empirical support for our theory by analyzing the effects of measures of transparency on counts of terrorist attacks in as many as 144 countries for time periods as long as 1970 to 2006.
Perioperative Management of DORV
Authors: Spaeth James P.
Published: March 2014

The diagnosis of double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) characterizes a complex heterogeneous group of congenital cardiac malformations for which multiple classification schemes have been used. A clear understanding of the anatomy is critical to understanding the physiologic consequences of the specific type of DORV. Perioperative considerations include the medical management of the patient during the preoperative period, anesthetic and surgical management, and postoperative care. Both anesthetic and surgical management strategies are very different depending on the type of DORV. Key principles for anesthetic management include balancing the systemic and pulmonary circulations, optimizing systemic cardiac output, and closely monitoring for impaired oxygen delivery to the tissues. Depending on the specific anatomy the patient is usually placed on a 1- or 2-ventricle pathway, and initial palliation may involve placement of a systemic arterial to pulmonary artery shunt or pulmonary artery banding. In some cases the child may undergo a complete repair during the first few months of life. Surgical outcomes, both short and long-term, are dependent on the type of DORV and surgical procedure done. These patients require long-term follow up and may present for surgical or catheter-based interventions as adults.
Addressing failures in exascale computing
Authors: Snir Marc , Wisniewski Robert W , Abraham Jacob A , Adve Sarita V , Bagchi Saurabh , Balaji Pavan , Belak Jim , Bose Pradip , Cappello Franck , Carlson Bill , Chien Andrew A , Coteus Paul , DeBardeleben Nathan A , Diniz Pedro C , Engelmann Christian , Erez Mattan , Fazzari Saverio , Geist Al , Gupta Rinku , Johnson Fred , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Leyffer Sven , Liberty Dean , Mitra Subhasish , Munson Todd , Schreiber Rob , Stearley Jon , Hensbergen Eric Van
Published: March 2014

We present here a report produced by a workshop on ‘Addressing failures in exascale computing’ held in Park City, Utah, 4–11 August 2012. The charter of this workshop was to establish a common taxonomy about resilience across all the levels in a computing system, discuss existing knowledge on resilience across the various hardware and software layers of an exascale system, and build on those results, examining potential solutions from both a hardware and software perspective and focusing on a combined approach.

The workshop brought together participants with expertise in applications, system software, and hardware; they came from industry, government, and academia, and their interests ranged from theory to implementation. The combination allowed broad and comprehensive discussions and led to this document, which summarizes and builds on those discussions.
Analyzing Customer Experience Feedback Using Text Mining
Authors: Ordenes Francisco Villarroel , Theodoulidis Babis , Burton Jamie , Gruber Thorsten , Zaki Mohamed
Published: March 2014

Complexity surrounding the holistic nature of customer experience has made measuring customer perceptions of interactive service experiences challenging. At the same time, advances in technology and changes in methods for collecting explicit customer feedback are generating increasing volumes of unstructured textual data, making it difficult for managers to analyze and interpret this information. Consequently, text mining, a method enabling automatic extraction of information from textual data, is gaining in popularity. However, this method has performed below expectations in terms of depth of analysis of customer experience feedback and accuracy. In this study, we advance linguistics-based text mining modeling to inform the process of developing an improved framework. The proposed framework incorporates important elements of customer experience, service methodologies, and theories such as cocreation processes, interactions, and context. This more holistic approach for analyzing feedback facilitates a deeper analysis of customer feedback experiences, by encompassing three value creation elements: activities, resources, and context (ARC). Empirical results show that the ARC framework facilitates the development of a text mining model for analysis of customer textual feedback that enables companies to assess the impact of interactive service processes on customer experiences. The proposed text mining model shows high accuracy levels and provides flexibility through training. As such, it can evolve to account for changing contexts over time and be deployed across different (service) business domains; we term it an “open learning” model. The ability to timely assess customer experience feedback represents a prerequisite for successful cocreation processes in a service environment.
Evaluation of different heat transfer conditions on an automotive turbocharger
Authors: Aghaali Habib , Ångström Hans-Erik , Serrano Jose R
Published: March 2014

This article presents a combination of theoretical and experimental investigations for determining the main heat fluxes within a turbocharger. These investigations consider several engine speeds and loads as well as different methods of conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer on the turbocharger. A one-dimensional heat transfer model of the turbocharger has been developed in combination with simulation of a turbocharged engine that includes the heat transfer of the turbocharger. Both the heat transfer model and the simulation were validated against experimental measurements. Various methods were compared for calculating heat transfer from the external surfaces of the turbocharger, and one new method was suggested. The effects of different heat transfer conditions on the heat fluxes of the turbocharger were studied using experimental techniques. The different heat transfer conditions on the turbocharger created dissimilar temperature gradients across the turbocharger. The results show that changing the convection heat transfer condition around the turbocharger affects the heat fluxes more noticeably than changing the radiation and conduction heat transfer conditions. Moreover, the internal heat transfers from the turbine to the bearing housing and from the bearing housing to the compressor are significant, but there is an order of magnitude difference between these heat transfer rates.
YouTube as a source of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient education
Authors: Stellefson Michael , Chaney Beth , Ochipa Kathleen , Chaney Don , Haider Zeerak , Hanik Bruce , Chavarria Enmanuel , Bernhardt Jay M.
Published: March 2014

The aim of the present study is to conduct a social media content analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient education videos on YouTube. A systematic search protocol was used to locate 223 videos. Two independent coders evaluated each video to determine topics covered, media source(s) of posted videos, information quality as measured by HONcode guidelines for posting trustworthy health information on the Internet, and viewer exposure/engagement metrics. Over half the videos ( n = 113, 50.7%) included information on medication management, with far fewer videos on smoking cessation ( n = 40, 17.9%). Most videos were posted by a health agency or organization ( n = 128, 57.4%), and the majority of videos were rated as high quality ( n = 154, 69.1%). HONcode adherence differed by media source (Fisher’s exact test = 20.52, p = 0.01), however with user-generated content receiving the lowest quality scores. Overall level of user engagement as measured by number of “likes,” “favorites,” “dislikes,” and user comments was low (median range = 0–3, interquartile range = 0–16) across all sources of media. Study findings suggest that COPD education via YouTube has the potential to reach and inform patients; however, existing video content and quality varies significantly. Future interventions should help direct individuals with COPD to engage with high-quality patient education videos on YouTube that are posted by reputable health organizations and qualified medical professionals. Patients should be educated to avoid and/or critically view low-quality videos posted by individual YouTube users who are not health professionals.
Making Public Television Social? Public Service Broadcasting and the Challenges of Social Media
Authors: van Dijck José , Poell Thomas
Published: March 2014

This article investigates how the rise of social media affects European public service broadcasting (PSB), particularly in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands. We explore the encounter of “social” and “public” on three levels: the level of institution, professional practice, and content. After investigating these three levels, we address the more general question of how public broadcasters are coping with the challenges of social media. How can public television profit from the abilities of social media to engage new young audiences (and makers) without compromising public values? And will PSB be able to extend the creation of public value outside its designated space to social media at large? While the boundaries between public and corporate online space are becoming progressively porous, the meaning of “publicness” is contested and reshaped on the various levels of European public broadcasting.
Parents as Participants
Authors: Lavery Lesley
Published: March 2014

I present the results of an original survey experiment designed to understand the complex relationship between policy information, attitudes, and evaluation. Parents of children attending schools identified for improvement under the federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) are exposed to basic, context-specific, policy information on a randomized basis and then asked to complete an attitudinal survey. Treatment parents are significantly more likely than control group peers to report familiarity with NCLB and correctly identify the policy status of their child’s school. An increased depth of policy understanding enables these parents to bring evaluations of their child’s educational experience, policy, and government into alignment. Findings demonstrate the potential for careful policy framing and delivery to encourage enlightened opinion formation and political participation.
Changes in Leadership Behaviors Predict Changes in Job Satisfaction and Well-Being in Low-Skilled Workers
Authors: Winkler Eva , Busch Christine , Clasen Julia , Vowinkel Julia
Published: March 2014

The purpose of this longitudinal study of 255 members of the low-skilled workforce was to enhance insight into the nature of the relations between specific supervisor behavior (social support, positive feedback, task-related communication) and employee well-being. Data were analyzed using latent change models focusing on interindividual change and change–change associations over time. Our results indicated that interindividual differences in the intraindividual change in perceived supervisor behavior were related to changes in indicators of well-being across a 6-month period. These results provide further evidence for longitudinal associations between leader behavior and employee outcomes as well as the necessity of designing specific interventions for low-level managers.
From Jurisdiction to Juriswriting: At the Expressive Limits of the Law
Authors: Matthews Daniel
Published: March 2014

Through the work of Jean-Luc Nancy, and following recent publications that champion the theoretical significance of jurisdiction, this article reads jurisdiction as a technique of legal fiction-making and as capable of exposing an originary ontological category of “being-with.” Rather than thought of purely as an expression of the law’s sovereign authority, it is argued that jurisdiction is a privileged point at which we can see the law’s fragility and thus open to critical intervention and interruption. Following Nancy’s understanding of “writing” and “literature” as that which exposes being-with, I suggest that we might name such strategies of creative intervention “juriswriting.” This account of jurisdiction, developed by thinking with Nancy’s account of ontology, is explored with reference to the common law constructions of jurisdiction in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Enseigne-t-on l’intervention en cessation tabagique aux futures infirmières ? Résultat d’une étude descriptive
Authors: Lepage Mario , Dumas Louise , Saint-Pierre Chantal
Published: March 2014

Introduction :

Les infirmières qui ont reçu une formation en cessation tabagique ont tendance à intervenir davantage auprès des fumeurs que celles qui n’ont pas été formées. Il est démontré qu’une intervention même très brève conduit à une diminution de la prévalence du tabagisme. Or, les programmes qui préparent à l’exercice de la profession infirmière laissent actuellement peu de place à la formation en cessation tabagique. Les objectifs de la recherche sont de décrire les pratiques d’enseignement de la cessation tabagique dans les programmes de formation infirmière et de comparer en tenant compte de la formation en cessation tabagique reçue par les professeures.

Méthodologie :

Un devis descriptif-comparatif a été choisi.

Résultats :

Au total, 278 professeures (20,8 %) ont répondu à un sondage en ligne effectué à l’aide d’un questionnaire validé. Celles-ci avouent offrir en moyenne une heure en cessation tabagique par année. Les aspects physiopathologiques sont couverts au détriment de l’intervention professionnelle en cessation tabagique. Les obstacles identifiés par les professeures sont le manque de temps, de connaissances et de pertinence avec le cours enseigné. Seulement 11,9 % des sujets mentionnent avoir reçu une formation spécifique en cessation tabagique. Or ce sont ces dernières qui enseignent davantage d’éléments reliés à l’intervention en cessation tabagique.

Conclusion :

Une meilleure intégration de l’intervention en promotion de la santé, incluant la cessation tabagique, dans la formation initiale devrait amener la future infirmière à réaliser davantage d’interventions personnalisées en cessation tabagique.
Indigenous Customs and Colonial Law
Authors: Kottakkunnummal Manaf
Published: March 2014

This article looks at the contesting articulations of gender, family, and religion in colonial South India. The article discusses the encounter between matrilineal customs and the Anglo-Muhammadan law in the site of Mappila Muslim matrilineal practices in colonial Malabar, of the Madras Presidency during c. 1910-1928. Young male members of the joint family used the language that matriliny is un-Islamic, and passed laws in the Legislative Assembly to demand that joint family property requires to be inherited in the patrilineal line. Three legislations were passed during the period of 1910-1940 to bring Muslim families in accordance with the ideal notions of familial organization existed in that period. The ideal notions were set up by the precepts of the Anglo-Muhammadan law, the orientalist knowledge of Islam, ideologies of colonial modernity, and dreams of caste and religious reform movements among the people of Malabar, and other neighboring states, Cochin and Travancore. In response to that, there was a re-articulation of customs and familial practices by using legal provisions available in the Islamic law, and an effort for justifying the practices to avoid the ruin of matriliny. Subsequently, the matrilineal Mappilas of Malabar retained matrilineal customs rather intact, though the gender relations and religious practices were re-articulated in the idioms of patriarchy and textuality.
Presence
Authors: Boeck Pamela Renee
Published: March 2014

Healthy therapeutic relationships enhance wholeness and healing; they are the key to effective health promotion. Therapeutic nursing presence demonstrates caring, empathy, and connection, qualities required to build rapport and trust between nurse and patient. This concept analysis’ purpose was to illuminate the various forms of the meanings of presence and the value placed on them. The science of nursing often precedes the art and spirituality of nursing. This is due to focusing primarily on the high acuity of the patients being seen in conjunction with shortage of personnel and resources. Patient dissatisfaction continues to be a growing concern. The nursing shortage crisis continues along with more nurses experiencing moral distress, compassion fatigue, and/or burnout. In nurses’ haste to complete their duties, are we facing the risk of overlooking one of the original gifts of the nursing profession? This would be the gift of genuine presence. This concept analysis aims to identify the attributes that are essential to the concept of presence, and to clarify its nursing usage, by following the strategy suggested by Walker and Avant. It is important to reflect on various ways of providing presence in the clinical setting. By exploring the spiritual, literary, psychological, and nursing literature, there is a diverse yet similar interconnectivity of what presence may represent. Observations and experiences of a range of sensatory and kinesthetic perceptions are revealed to ascertain the attributes discerning commonalities and themes of presence. Nursing presence is considered to be an essential state of holistic nursing as well as a core competency in contemporary nursing. Clarifying the significance of presence in nursing invites the prospect of additional evidence-based research that may place the intrinsic value of presence as a continuing theoretical foundation.