bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Des lieux ouverts aux lieux cachés : Une analyse socio-spatiale des déambulations sportives à Paris
Authors: Lebreton Florian
Published: October 2016

La reconquête par les corps urbains de leur milieu de vie s'inscrit dans l'évolution des cultures urbaines et sportives contemporaines. Les pratiques sportives «informelles» traitées ici (parkour, spéléologie urbaine et street-golf) nous montrent qu'une analyse socio-spatiale de ces déambulations traduit la mise à distance de la ville et de son organisation «dominante». Elles créent alors une «nouvelle urbanité » caractéristique de l'urbanité ludique. En déambulant librement sur les espaces de la ville (street-golf, escalade urbaine et parkour) ou bien en déambulant dans l'obscurité (spéléologie urbaine), ces pratiques participent à créer une forme de socialisation ludique et témoignent encore de l'éclosion de «nouvelles » sociabilités urbaines. L'identification et le «droit à la ville» analysés ici permettent de distinguer pourtant deux logiques d'actions. Si les deux nous montrent conjointement que l'environnement urbain peut être utilisé différemment, elles n'en sont pas moins éloignées. D'une part certaines pratiques s'inscrivent dans des lieux de manière secrète et d'autre part, d'autres valorisent la visibilité pour être vues, reconnues et acceptées avec leurs différences dans l'espace public.
Ces décors urbains qui invitent aux voyages : L'«imagibilité» chez les skaters de Montpellier
Authors: Laurent Julien , Gibout Christophe
Published: October 2016

Les paysages des cités les plus médiatisées suscitent des représentations. Les skaters de Montpellier nous ont révélé leur «imagibilité». Ainsi, ces experts de la rue identifient des villes chargées de significations, d'une architecture et d'une ambiance. Ces décors se retrouvent au plan local. Ces villes types invitent au voyage et stimulent un mode de vie partagé entre le proche et des envies de destinations lointaines. Ces pérégrinations se traduisent par une forme de vagabondage surmoderne, entre déplacements quasi professionnels et tourisme précaire. Au quotidien, l'analyse de ce mode de vie rend surtout compte de l'utilisation de ces paysages types comme moyen de se distinguer par une mémoire de l'urbain.
Les pratiques sportives auto-organisées à Saint-Étienne. La difficile structuration d'une politique d'aménagement sportif
Authors: Merle Stéphane
Published: October 2016

Au-delà des multiples modes sportives, la tendance globale depuis une vingtaine d'années en France est au développement des pratiques de sports-loisirs, souvent libres, plus ou moins en rupture avec la culture sportive classique et dominante. Au départ dans les années quatre-vingt, elles se limitent dans les espaces urbains au jogging et à quelques sports collectifs dans les parcs urbains et parfois les parcs sportifs comme à Saint-Étienne. Puis s'affirment, à partir des grandes villes, d'un côté des pratiques de glisse urbaine, investissant l'espace public de manière souvent conflictuelle (pour le roller surtout), d'un autre côté des pratiques libres dites de pied d'immeuble (football et basket). Il s'agit d'interroger le rôle des politiques sportives publiques quant à la diffusion, freinée ou encouragée, de ces pratiques. À Saint-Étienne, d'une part la pratique est d'une ampleur modeste face au poids de la culture sportive dominante, selon la configuration socio-économique et culturelle locale. Face à ces pratiques autoorganisées, les acteurs publics et institutionnels locaux montrent une longue phase de négation, hésitant ensuite entre cette négation des pratiques et la volonté de les organiser en fonction du modèle français de politiques publiques des sports (en partenariat avec les clubs et les fédérations).
La notion d'ambiance : Contribution à l'examen d'une invention intellectuelle postmoderne dans le monde de la recherche architecturale et urbaine
Authors: Chadoin Olivier
Published: October 2016

La notion d'ambiance est aujourd'hui une notion bien diffusée dans le monde de la recherche architecturale et urbaine. Ses usages sont à la fois professionnels et scientifiques et elle semble dépasser les frontières disciplinaires en mobilisant les sciences sociales, et les outils des sciences physiques notamment. Toutefois, elle semble refuser de se définir comme un concept théorique et abstrait et préfère se définir en termes de «champs de pertinence». En mobilisant les outils de l'épistémologie et de la sociologie des sciences, cet article propose d'engager une discussion sur les usages sociaux et scientifiques de cette notion. Son intention est de contribuer au développement d'une analyse critique de la notion «d'ambiance » sur un double plan : celui de sa cohérence épistémologique d'une part et celui de ses usages sociaux de l'autre.
Prix fonciers, immobiliers et localisation des ménages au sein d'une agglomération urbaine
Authors: Napoléone Claude
Published: October 2016

With a spatialized hedonic price method, on land market of a French administrative subdivision, we studies the urban sprawl, to understand influences disturbing open spaces (natural and agricultural). We wanted work by using a scale about the vicinity. We tested the integration of geomatic and landscape ecology tools to a new urban economy micro-economic model, in order to taking into account spatial heterogeneities. In the second time, we proposed a modeling of landowners' anticipations and demand preferences. Our principal result are of four orders. 1/ We show that change anticipations of land use rules undervalue the public planning effects ; 2/ The wildfire hazard not influence the residential localization ; 3/ The landscape ecology tools make it possible to integrate the spatial structure of the vicinity into an real estate valuation economic model ; 4/ The public services accessibility and the type of social neighborhood segregate the real estate purchase.
Divisions sociales et question du logement en Grande-Bretagne, entre ethnicisation et privatisation. Les cas de Leicester et Bradford
Authors: Le Goff William
Published: October 2016

La Grande-Bretagne a développé un discours défensif sur le risque que constitue la formation de «ghettos ethniques». Nos travaux vont à l'encontre de ces discours car nous montrons que la mobilité résidentielle et sociale des minorités ethniques y est puissante, dans des villes pourtant largement victimes de la désindustrialisation. Cette évolution participe largement à la baisse de la ségrégation. Or, les politiques publiques, notamment celles relevant du logement, sont définies selon les «besoins» de ces minorités. Ces «besoins» sont devenus caducs si bien que ces politiques n'ont plus de pertinence à être mises en œuvre.
La «ville diffuse» à l'épreuve de l'Histoire. Urbanisme et urbanisation dans le Brabant belge
Authors: Grosjean Bénédicte
Published: October 2016

L'urbanisme traditionnel peine à appréhender des formes d'urbanisation aujourd'hui largement majoritaires : les territoires «d'entre-deux», ni urbains ni ruraux ; et son histoire ne les envisage qu'en phase finale de l'étalement urbain. Après une analyse critique des notions courantes (du rurbain à la città diffusa), et à travers la production d'une cartographie originale, cette recherche s'intéresse à l'un des plus représentatifs d'entre eux, le Brabant belge. Elle se centre sur une période d'urbanisation importante mais jamais étudiée physiquement parce que non planifiée. Elle contribue ainsi à une histoire plus large, celle de l'urbanisation, et propose d'autres outils de travail sur les territoires habités sans densité.
Les «altermobilités» contre la voiture, tout contre
Authors: Vincent-Geslin Stéphanie
Published: October 2016

L'impératif environnemental de maîtrise des déplacements automobiles se heurte aujourd'hui à la domination de l'automobilité, tant sur les déplacements que sur les modes de vie. Pourtant, différents modes de déplacement alternatifs à la voiture individuelle émergent en vue de se substituer à l'automobile. S'intéresser aux usages de ces modes de déplacements alternatifs - ou altermobilités - est l'occasion de questionner les habitudes de déplacements et la norme automobile. Ce faisant, ce travail propose un modèle de compréhension des processus d'adoption des altermobilités et interroge la possibilité d'émergence d'une nouvelle norme de déplacements altermobiles.
Inégalités environnementales en région Île-de-France. Répartition socio-spatiale des ressources, des handicaps et satisfaction environnementale des habitants
Authors: Gueymard Sandrine
Published: October 2016

Cette thèse s'est proposée, à l'échelle de la région Ile-de-France, d'explorer les relations qu'entretiennent les caractéristiques physiques de l'environnement et les caractéristiques socio-économiques des individus et des territoires. Partant d'indicateurs statistiques usuels, sociaux et environnementaux, deux typologies multicritères ont été réalisées à l'échelle des 1 300 communes franciliennes. Leur croisement permet de confirmer l'existence d'une correspondance globale entre les caractéristiques environnementales et sociales des communes. Cette première lecture est complétée par une enquête par questionnaires (600 personnes). L'enquête, centrée sur le vécu environnemental des habitants, permet d'explorer les déterminants de la satisfaction environnementale. Deux registres explicatifs apparaissent alors plus particulièrement structurants. 1/ La relation affective et identitaire qui s'instaure au lieu de vie. 2/ La confiance que les individus accordent aux moyens d'action collectifs pour répondre à leurs attentes. Ainsi, l'analyse révèle que la satisfaction environnementale serait peut-être moins directement dépendante des variables socio-économiques stricto sensu, des caractéristiques «objectives» de l'environnement, que des capacités et des aptitudes différenciées des individus de contrôler leur environnement et d'agir sur celui-ci. Ce faisant, les informations livrées par le ressenti de la population in situ adressent des questions à la mesure empirique des inégalités environnementales et à leur cadre d'analyse, encore aujourd'hui en débat.
Des rapports évolutifs ville-commerce
Authors: Soumagne Jean
Published: October 2016

This article examines the evolving relationship that the city and maintain trade. The impact of trade on the structure and spatial dynamics is central to the purpose.
L’université en Tunisie, un nouvel enjeu pour le développement des territoires urbains
Authors: Dhaher Najem
Published: October 2016

The vertiginous increase of the number of the students in Tunisia in twenty last years modified the geography of the university spaces and favored their redistribution. Mid-sized cities, held up to here away from the university setting-up, are gradually endowed with this new function. According to investigations, the infrastructures of higher education seem endowed with a powerful power of attraction and with attractiveness which participates in the dynamics of the territories where they join. In the urban zones in trouble the university is a precursor of important changes. The scale of certain realizations is capable of making of the university, a tool of urban development.
Le « service à la community », de l’intervention à la collaboration ? Le cas de Syracuse University
Authors: Vergnaud Camille
Published: October 2016

Les relations entre universités et territoires aux États-Unis se sont développées plus précocement et plus profondément qu’en France, permettant un retour sur expérience précieux dans un contexte de mutations des conceptions de la fonction des universités françaises envers la société. À partir de l’étude de cas de la Syracuse University (État de New York), cet article propose une analyse des rôles tenus par l’université dans son territoire et une présentation de différents types de collaborations menées avec des acteurs du monde non académique. Étudier l’évolution de la structuration de ces relations met en lumière l’importance des rapports de force et de la répartition des pouvoirs dans la construction négociée, parfois conflictuelle de l’organisation des projets.
Bordeaux, les échelles urbaines d’une université en quête d’unité
Authors: Ratouis Olivier
Published: October 2016

In Bordeaux, the creation of the PRES University of Bordeaux (a public university system) in 2007 was followed by the selection of the project within the national Campus Plan. This change in the university landscape takes part in a process of wider change confirmed by the Law on Higher Education and Research (ESR), adopted in July 2013. The case of Bordeaux offers an interesting opportunity to study the peculiarities of the recent transformations of the French University. It combines indeed an institutional reform with the partial merger of institutions, and management of a very large land easement (especially around a large campus). The study of Bordeaux can lead to question the ability of the university to build itself as a real planner and to transform its relationship with the local territory.
Le chez-soi, le soi, le soin. L’expérience limite des personnes sans domicile fixe comme modèle de compréhension de la vulnérabilité sanitaire
Authors: Jouve Élodie , Pichon Pascale
Published: October 2016

Au croisement de la question sociale et de la question urbaine, cet article propose une approche compréhensive de la vulnérabilité sanitaire dans son rapport au chez-soi. L’interdépendance entre prise en charge sociale et prise en charge sanitaire en France montre la consécration du modèle de l’urgence en direction des plus pauvres. En articulant différents plans d’analyse, structurel, institutionnel et interactionnel, la situation-limite des personnes sans-abri permet de mettre en évidence et en critique différents aspects de l’hospitalité urbaine et des mobilités domiciliaires au sein des institutions d’hébergement. De nombreuses situations observées de manière comparative et ethnographique montrent combien le droit à habiter demeure en retrait des politiques publiques déployées.
Pouvoir aller à l’école. La vulnérabilité résidentielle d’enfants vivant en hôtel social
Authors: Le Méner Erwan , Oppenchaim Nicolas
Published: October 2016

Living in subsidized hotels exposes homesless families to residential instability and frequent moves, to cities that can be relunctant to taking care of them. Most children living in subsidized hotels do however go to school. Based on studies of the greater Paris regions, this article looks into the consequences of residential instability on schooling. Their access to school is hindered by frequent moves and the length of daily commutes from the hotel. Schooling remains an essential resource to face daily difficulties due to the residential vulnerability of homeless families. School can be understood as a constant in the otherwise chaotic lives of homeless families.
Repérer – et vivre – la précarité énergétique en ville
Authors: Bouillon Florence , Musso Sandrine , Lees Johanna , de Cheveigné Suzanne
Published: October 2016

Cet article est bâti autour d’une enquête ethnographique sur la précarité énergétique conduite à Marseille et dans sa région (2007-2012). Il aborde successivement les modalités d’émergence de cette catégorie d’action publique en France au cours de la dernière décennie, en comparant avec le cas britannique, la manière dont les acteurs sociaux dits «de première ligne » s’en sont saisis et les réalités empiriques que recouvre le phénomène du point de vue des habitants concernés. La précarité énergétique peut être analysée comme une nouvelle manière de désigner des phénomènes anciens, relatifs à la pauvreté et au mal logement, voire comme une euphémisation de ces derniers. Elle témoigne cependant aussi d’une opportunité pour penser ensemble des questions relatives aux inégalités sociales et environnementales, longtemps abordées par les sciences sociales et les pouvoirs publics de manière séparée.
La vulnérabilité sociale au défi des savoirs d’usage habitant. Les pratiques énergétiques des ménages pauvres vivant en habitat social
Authors: Roudil Nadine
Published: October 2016

Cet article a pour objet de montrer, en partant des conditions de vie des ménages pauvres logés en habitat social, comment leurs pratiques domestiques sont pourvoyeuses de compétences et d’assurance dans la gestion du quotidien. Cette population est désormais la cible d’un discours qui, coïncidant avec la lutte contre la précarité énergétique, met en jeu leur disposition à bien habiter leur logement. Ce dispositif, non dénué de contreparties, accentue leur vulnérabilité en interrogeant leur légitimité à mettre en oeuvre des savoirs d’usage principaux outils de leur combat quotidien contre la pauvreté.
La prise en charge des « vulnérables » dans et par les quartiers en Chine urbaine. Le cas des comités de résidents à Pékin
Authors: Audin Judith
Published: October 2016

Depuis la fin du système de l’unité de travail (danwei), l’évolution des pratiques sociales accompagne la transformation de l’organisation urbaine en Chine, entérinant la séparation entre travail et habitat. Situés à l’échelon le plus local dans les quartiers, les comités de résidents (jumin weiyuanhui) évoluent eux aussi dans le cadre réformateur de la «construction des communautés de quartier » (shequ jianshe). Cette ancienne instance maoïste doit gérer la société citadine et prendre en charge les «groupes vulnérables » (ruoshi qunti). Résultant de considérations pragmatiques et de l’objectif politique d’une société harmonieuse, les administrations développent donc le travail social à partir du quartier urbain.
La vulnérabilité, un concept central de l’analyse des risques urbains en lien avec le changement climatique
Authors: Quenault Béatrice
Published: October 2016

Dans le contexte d’accroissement des catastrophes en milieu urbain, le regard en matière de gestion/ évaluation des risques naturels/ anthropiques a progressivement changé pour donner une place centrale au concept de vulnérabilité. Cette notion a parallèlement fait l’objet d’un élargissement conceptuel notable au sein des réflexions académiques comme plus opérationnelles. Après avoir souligné la reconnaissance institutionnelle et académique croissante de la vulnérabilité pour analyser les risques urbains, notamment en lien avec le changement climatique, cet article se penche sur les diverses acceptions et mobilisations de ce concept multidisciplinaire qui, victime de ce trop-plein sémantique, reste parfois flou.
Les personnes âgées vulnérables en ville. Entre assistance et « silver market ». L’exemple de l’agglomération nantaise
Authors: Blanchet Mickaël
Published: October 2016

Dans un contexte de croissance démographique des personnes âgées en ville, les politiques de la vieillesse se sont appuyées sur l’individu comme niveau d’action pour répondre aux ruptures de cette période de la vie (passage à la retraite, veuvage, déclin des capacités physiologiques…). La territorialisation qui en découle s’est opérée sous un registre sectoriel et concurrentiel des réponses. Cette orientation a été plus forte en ville et s’est soldée par un double mouvement de spécialisation et de diversification de l’offre. La régulation économique conduit à graduer socialement et spatialement l’offre en direction des personnes âgées, entre recherche de productivité en direction des personnes âgées dotées de capacités économiques et posture assistantielle envers les personnes âgées vulnérables. À l’inverse des objectifs politiques annoncés, il en ressort une objectivation de ces inégalités par le politique qui interroge sur la construction actuelle et à venir du vieillissement des villes.
La difficile articulation entre les espaces du quotidien chez les enfants sans logement
Authors: Guyavarch Emmanuelle , Le Méner Erwan , Oppenchaim Nicolas
Published: October 2016

More and more homeless children are accomodated in subsidized hotels or shelters with their parents. Theses families grapple with a housing system that provides stays of unpredictable lengths, and entail high residential instability. This paper draws upon a randomized survey, of 232 6 to 12 year old children for whom primar schooling is mandatory. We show that homelessness hinders the social practices and relationships of the children, at the shelter, around the neighborhood or around the school.
Au-delà de l’accréditation : changement et continuité au sein des « villes amies des enfants » du Québec
Authors: Torres Juan , Blanchet-Cohen Natasha
Published: October 2016

Quels changements suscite l’accréditation Ville amie des enfants dans les politiques locales et dans les représentations que celles-ci véhiculent de l’enfance ? Cette question est au coeur de l’analyse d’un programme québécois créé en 2009, qui prend appui sur une démarche de recherche-action (2011-2013) dans deux villes accréditées, complétée par des entretiens semi-dirigés auprès d’employés de huit autres municipalités accréditées. Changements et continuité ont été observés sur trois plans : (1) les domaines couverts par les politiques et projets, (2) la participation des enfants à l’élaboration de ces politiques et projets, et (3) l’utilité que les employés municipaux attribuent à l’accréditation.
EVEREST: PIXEL LEVEL DECORRELATION OF K2 LIGHT CURVES
Authors: Luger Rodrigo , Agol Eric , Kruse Ethan , Barnes Rory , Becker Andrew , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Deming Drake
Published: October 2016

We present EPIC Variability Extraction and Removal for Exoplanet Science Targets (EVEREST), an open-source pipeline for removing instrumental noise from K2 light curves. EVEREST employs a variant of pixel level decorrelation to remove systematics introduced by the spacecraft’s pointing error and a Gaussian process to capture astrophysical variability. We apply EVEREST to all K2 targets in campaigns 0–7, yielding light curves with precision comparable to that of the original Kepler mission for stars brighter than

, and within a factor of two of the Kepler precision for fainter targets. We perform cross-validation and transit injection and recovery tests to validate the pipeline, and compare our light curves to the other de-trended light curves available for download at the MAST High Level Science Products archive. We find that EVEREST achieves the highest average precision of any of these pipelines for unsaturated K2 stars. The improved precision of these light curves will aid in exoplanet detection and characterization, investigations of stellar variability, asteroseismology, and other photometric studies. The EVEREST pipeline can also easily be applied to future surveys, such as the TESS mission, to correct for instrumental systematics and enable the detection of low signal-to-noise transiting exoplanets. The EVEREST light curves and the source code used to generate them are freely available online.
THE RADIO JET ASSOCIATED WITH THE MULTIPLE V380 ORI SYSTEM
Authors: Rodríguez Luis F. , Yam J. Omar , Carrasco-González Carlos , Anglada Guillem , Trejo Alfonso
Published: October 2016

The giant Herbig–Haro object 222 extends over ∼6′ in the plane of the sky, with a bow shock morphology. The identification of its exciting source has remained uncertain over the years. A non-thermal radio source located at the core of the shock structure was proposed to be the exciting source. However, Very Large Array studies showed that the radio source has a clear morphology of radio galaxy and a lack of flux variations or proper motions, favoring an extragalactic origin. Recently, an optical–IR study proposed that this giant HH object is driven by the multiple stellar system V380 Ori, located about 23′ to the SE of HH 222. The exciting sources of HH systems are usually detected as weak free–free emitters at centimeter wavelengths. Here, we report the detection of an elongated radio source associated with the Herbig Be star or with its close infrared companion in the multiple V380 Ori system. This radio source has the characteristics of a thermal radio jet and is aligned with the direction of the giant outflow defined by HH 222 and its suggested counterpart to the SE, HH 1041. We propose that this radio jet traces the origin of the large scale HH outflow. Assuming that the jet arises from the Herbig Be star, the radio luminosity is a few times smaller than the value expected from the radio–bolometric correlation for radio jets, confirming that this is a more evolved object than those used to establish the correlation.
THE ORBIT AND TRANSIT PROSPECTS FOR β PICTORIS b CONSTRAINED WITH ONE MILLIARCSECOND ASTROMETRY
Authors: Wang Jason J. , Graham James R. , Pueyo Laurent , Kalas Paul , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell A. , Ruffio Jean-Baptiste , Rosa Robert J. De , Ammons S. Mark , Arriaga Pauline , Bailey Vanessa P. , Barman Travis S. , Bulger Joanna , Burrows Adam S. , Cardwell Andrew , Chen Christine H. , Chilcote Jeffrey K. , Cotten Tara , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Follette Katherine B. , Doyon René , Duchêne Gaspard , Greenbaum Alexandra Z. , Hibon Pascale , Hung Li-Wei , Ingraham Patrick , Konopacky Quinn M. , Larkin James E. , Macintosh Bruce , Maire Jérôme , Marchis Franck , Marley Mark S. , Marois Christian , Metchev Stanimir , Nielsen Eric L. , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Palmer David W. , Patel Rahul , Patience Jenny , Perrin Marshall D. , Poyneer Lisa A. , Rajan Abhijith , Rameau Julien , Rantakyrö Fredrik T. , Savransky Dmitry , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Song Inseok , Soummer Remi , Thomas Sandrine , Vasisht Gautam , Vega David , Wallace J. Kent , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Wiktorowicz Sloane J. , Wolff Schuyler G.
Published: October 2016

A principal scientific goal of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is obtaining milliarcsecond astrometry to constrain exoplanet orbits. However, astrometry of directly imaged exoplanets is subject to biases, systematic errors, and speckle noise. Here, we describe an analytical procedure to forward model the signal of an exoplanet that accounts for both the observing strategy (angular and spectral differential imaging) and the data reduction method (Karhunen–Loève Image Projection algorithm). We use this forward model to measure the position of an exoplanet in a Bayesian framework employing Gaussian processes and Markov-chain Monte Carlo to account for correlated noise. In the case of GPI data on β Pic b, this technique, which we call Bayesian KLIP-FM Astrometry (BKA), outperforms previous techniques and yields 1σ errors at or below the one milliarcsecond level. We validate BKA by fitting a Keplerian orbit to 12 GPI observations along with previous astrometry from other instruments. The statistical properties of the residuals confirm that BKA is accurate and correctly estimates astrometric errors. Our constraints on the orbit of β Pic b firmly rule out the possibility of a transit of the planet at 10-σ significance. However, we confirm that the Hill sphere of β Pic b will transit, giving us a rare chance to probe the circumplanetary environment of a young, evolving exoplanet. We provide an ephemeris for photometric monitoring of the Hill sphere transit event, which will begin at the start of April in 2017 and finish at the end of January in 2018.
CAPABILITIES OF EARTH-BASED RADAR FACILITIES FOR NEAR-EARTH ASTEROID OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Naidu Shantanu. P. , Benner Lance. A. M. , Margot Jean-Luc , Busch Michael. W. , Taylor Patrick. A.
Published: October 2016

We evaluated the planetary radar capabilities at Arecibo, the Goldstone 70 m DSS-14 and 34 m DSS-13 antennas, the 70 m DSS-43 antenna at Canberra, the Green Bank Telescope (GBT), and the Parkes Radio Telescope in terms of their relative sensitivities and the number of known near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) detectable per year in monostatic and bistatic configurations. In the 2015 calendar year, monostatic observations with Arecibo and DSS-14 were capable of detecting 253 and 131 NEAs respectively, with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) greater than 30/track. Combined, the two observatories were capable of detecting 276 NEAs. Of these, Arecibo detected 77 and Goldstone detected 32, or 30% and 24% of the numbers that were possible. The two observatories detected an additional 18 and 7 NEAs respectively, with SNRs of less than 30/track. This indicates that a substantial number of potential targets are not being observed. The bistatic configuration with DSS-14 transmitting and the GBT receiving was capable of detecting about 195 NEAs, or ∼50% more than with monostatic observations at DSS-14. Most of the detectable asteroids were targets of opportunity that were discovered less than 15 days before the end of their observing windows. About 50% of the detectable asteroids have absolute magnitudes

, which corresponds to diameters

m.
THE H i PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION AND THE ATOMIC-TO-MOLECULAR TRANSITION IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS
Authors: Imara Nia , Burkhart Blakesley
Published: October 2016

We characterize the column-density probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the atomic hydrogen gas, H i, associated with seven Galactic molecular clouds (MCs). We use 21 cm observations from the Leiden/Argentine/Bonn Galactic H i Survey to derive column-density maps and PDFs. We find that the peaks of the H i PDFs occur at column densities in the range ∼1–2 × 1021

(equivalently, ∼0.5–1 mag). The PDFs are uniformly narrow, with a mean dispersion of

(∼0.1 mag). We also investigate the H i-to-H2 transition toward the cloud complexes and estimate H i surface densities ranging from 7 to 16 

 at the transition. We propose that the H i PDF is a fitting tool for identifying the H i-to-H2 transition column in Galactic MCs.
OPTICAL IDENTIFICATION OF CEPHEIDS IN 19 HOST GALAXIES OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE AND NGC 4258 WITH THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE*
Authors: Hoffmann Samantha L. , Macri Lucas M. , Riess Adam G. , Yuan Wenlong , Casertano Stefano , Foley Ryan J. , Filippenko Alexei V. , Tucker Brad E. , Chornock Ryan , Silverman Jeffrey M. , Welch Douglas L. , Goobar Ariel , Amanullah Rahman
Published: October 2016

We present results of an optical search conducted as part of the SH0ES project (Supernovae and H0 for the Equation of State of dark energy) for Cepheid variable stars using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 19 hosts of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and the maser-host galaxy NGC 4258. The targets include nine newly imaged SN Ia hosts using a novel strategy based on a long-pass filter that minimizes the number of HST orbits required to detect and accurately determine Cepheid properties. We carried out a homogeneous reduction and analysis of all observations, including new universal variability searches in all SN Ia hosts, which yielded a total of 2200 variables with well-defined selection criteria, the largest such sample identified outside the Local Group. These objects are used in a companion paper to determine the local value of H0 with a total uncertainty of 2.4%.
TRANSPORT AND MIXING OF r-PROCESS ELEMENTS IN NEUTRON STAR BINARY MERGER BLAST WAVES
Authors: Montes Gabriela , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Naiman Jill , Shen Sijing , Lee William H.
Published: October 2016

The r-process nuclei are robustly synthesized in the material ejected during neutron star binary mergers (NSBMs). If NSBMs are indeed solely responsible for the solar system r-process abundances, a galaxy like our own would be required to host a few NSBMs per million years, with each event ejecting, on average, about 5 × 10−2
M
⊙ of r-process material. Because the ejecta velocities in the tidal tail are significantly larger than those in ordinary supernovae, NSBMs deposit a comparable amount of energy into the ISM. In contrast to extensive efforts studying spherical models for supernova remnant evolution, calculations quantifying the impact of NSBM ejecta in the ISM have been lacking. To better understand their evolution, we perform a suite of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of isolated NSBM ejecta expanding in environments with conditions adopted from Milky-Way-like galaxy simulations. Although the remnant morphology is highly complex at early times, the subsequent radiative evolution is remarkably similar to that of a standard supernova. This implies that sub-resolution supernova feedback models can be used in galaxy-scale simulations that are unable to resolve the key evolutionary phases of NSBMs. Among other quantities, we examine the radius, mass, and kinetic energy content of the remnant at shell formation. We find that the shell formation epoch is attained when the swept-up mass is about 103(n
H/1 cm−3)−2/7
M
⊙; at this point, the mass fraction of r-process material is enhanced up to two orders of magnitude in relation to a solar metallicity ISM.
HOST-GALAXY PROPERTIES OF 32 LOW-REDSHIFT SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVAE FROM THE PALOMAR TRANSIENT FACTORY
Authors: Perley D. A. , Quimby R. M. , Yan L. , Vreeswijk P. M. , Cia A. De , Lunnan R. , Gal-Yam A. , Yaron O. , Filippenko A. V. , Graham M. L. , Laher R. , Nugent P. E.
Published: October 2016

We present ultraviolet through near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy of the host galaxies of all superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory prior to 2013 and derive measurements of their luminosities, star formation rates, stellar masses, and gas-phase metallicities. We find that Type I (hydrogen-poor) SLSNe (SLSNe I) are found almost exclusively in low-mass (

) and metal-poor (12 + log10[O/H]

) galaxies. We compare the mass and metallicity distributions of our sample to nearby galaxy catalogs in detail and conclude that the rate of SLSNe I as a fraction of all SNe is heavily suppressed in galaxies with metallicities

. Extremely low metallicities are not required and indeed provide no further increase in the relative SLSN rate. Several SLSN I hosts are undergoing vigorous starbursts, but this may simply be a side effect of metallicity dependence: dwarf galaxies tend to have bursty star formation histories. Type II (hydrogen-rich) SLSNe (SLSNe II) are found over the entire range of galaxy masses and metallicities, and their integrated properties do not suggest a strong preference for (or against) low-mass/low-metallicity galaxies. Two hosts exhibit unusual properties: PTF 10uhf is an SLSN I in a massive, luminous infrared galaxy at redshift z = 0.29, while PTF 10tpz is an SLSN II located in the nucleus of an early-type host at z = 0.04.
KINEMATIC DOWNSIZING AT z ∼ 2
Authors: Simons Raymond C. , Kassin Susan A. , Trump Jonathan R. , Weiner Benjamin J. , Heckman Timothy M. , Barro Guillermo , Koo David C. , Guo Yicheng , Pacifici Camilla , Koekemoer Anton , Stephens Andrew W.
Published: October 2016

We present results from a survey of the internal kinematics of 49 star-forming galaxies at

in the CANDELS fields with the Keck/MOSFIRE spectrograph, Survey in the near-Infrared of Galaxies with Multiple position Angles (SIGMA). Kinematics (rotation velocity V
rot and gas velocity dispersion

) are measured from nebular emission lines which trace the hot ionized gas surrounding star-forming regions. We find that by

, massive star-forming galaxies (

) have assembled primitive disks: their kinematics are dominated by rotation, they are consistent with a marginally stable disk model, and they form a Tully–Fisher relation. These massive galaxies have values of

that are factors of 2–5 lower than local well-ordered galaxies at similar masses. Such results are consistent with findings by other studies. We find that low-mass galaxies (

) at this epoch are still in the early stages of disk assembly: their kinematics are often dominated by gas velocity dispersion and they fall from the Tully–Fisher relation to significantly low values of V
rot. This “kinematic downsizing” implies that the process(es) responsible for disrupting disks at

have a stronger effect and/or are more active in low-mass systems. In conclusion, we find that the period of rapid stellar mass growth at

is coincident with the nascent assembly of low-mass disks and the assembly and settling of high-mass disks.
Hα VARIABILITY IN PTFO 8-8695 AND THE POSSIBLE DIRECT DETECTION OF EMISSION FROM A 2 MILLION YEAR OLD EVAPORATING HOT JUPITER
Authors: Johns-Krull Christopher M. , Prato Lisa , McLane Jacob N. , Ciardi David R. , Eyken Julian C. van , Chen Wei , Stauffer John R. , Beichman Charles A. , Frazier Sarah A. , Boden Andrew F. , Morales-Calderón Maria , Rebull Luisa M.
Published: October 2016

We use high time cadence, high spectral resolution optical observations to detect excess Hα emission from the 2–3 Myr old weak-lined T Tauri star PTFO 8-8695. This excess emission appears to move in velocity as expected if it were produced by the suspected planetary companion to this young star. The excess emission is not always present, but when it is, the predicted velocity motion is often observed. We have considered the possibility that the observed excess emission is produced by stellar activity (flares), accretion from a disk, or a planetary companion; we find the planetary companion to be the most likely explanation. If this is the case, the strength of the Hα line indicates that the emission comes from an extended volume around the planet, likely fed by mass loss from the planet which is expected to be overflowing its Roche lobe.
AN IMPROVED DISTANCE AND MASS ESTIMATE FOR SGR A* FROM A MULTISTAR ORBIT ANALYSIS
Authors: Boehle A. , Ghez A. M. , Schödel R. , Meyer L. , Yelda S. , Albers S. , Martinez G. D. , Becklin E. E. , Do T. , Lu J. R. , Matthews K. , Morris M. R. , Sitarski B. , Witzel G.
Published: October 2016

We present new, more precise measurements of the mass and distance of our Galaxy’s central supermassive black hole, Sgr A*. These results stem from a new analysis that more than doubles the time baseline for astrometry of faint stars orbiting Sgr A*, combining 2 decades of speckle imaging and adaptive optics data. Specifically, we improve our analysis of the speckle images by using information about a star’s orbit from the deep adaptive optics data (2005–2013) to inform the search for the star in the speckle years (1995–2005). When this new analysis technique is combined with the first complete re-reduction of Keck Galactic Center speckle images using speckle holography, we are able to track the short-period star S0-38 (K-band magnitude = 17, orbital period = 19 yr) through the speckle years. We use the kinematic measurements from speckle holography and adaptive optics to estimate the orbits of S0-38 and S0-2 and thereby improve our constraints of the mass (M
bh) and distance (R

o
) of Sgr A*: M
bh = (4.02 ± 0.16 ± 0.04) × 106
M
⊙ and 7.86 ± 0.14 ± 0.04 kpc. The uncertainties in M
bh and R

o
as determined by the combined orbital fit of S0-2 and S0-38 are improved by a factor of 2 and 2.5, respectively, compared to an orbital fit of S0-2 alone and a factor of ∼2.5 compared to previous results from stellar orbits. This analysis also limits the extended dark mass within 0.01 pc to less than 0.13 × 106
M
⊙ at 99.7% confidence, a factor of 3 lower compared to prior work.
ON THE ECCENTRICITY EXCITATION IN POST-MAIN-SEQUENCE BINARIES
Authors: Rafikov Roman R.
Published: October 2016

Several classes of stellar binaries with post-main-sequence (post-MS) components—millisecond pulsars with the white dwarf companions (MSP+WD) and periods of

days, binaries hosting post-asymptotic giant branch stars, or barium stars with

several years—feature high eccentricities (up to 0.4) despite the expectation of their efficient tidal circularization during their post-MS evolution. It was suggested that the eccentricities of these binaries can be naturally excited by their tidal coupling to the circumbinary disk, formed by the material ejected from the binary. Here we critically reassess this idea using simple arguments rooted in the global angular momentum conservation of the disk+binary system. Compared to previous studies, we (1) fully account for the viscous spreading of the circumbinary disk, (2) consider the possibility of reaccretion from the disk onto the binary (in agreement with simulations and empirical evidence), and (3) allow for the reduced viscosity after the disk expands, cools, and forms dust. These ingredients conspire to significantly lower the efficiency of eccentricity excitation by the disk tides. We find that explaining eccentricities of the post-MS binaries is difficult and requires massive (

), long-lived (

years) circumbinary disks that do not reaccrete. While disk tides may account for the eccentricities of the MSP+WD binaries, we show reaccretion to also be detrimental for these systems. Reduced efficiency of the disk-driven excitation motivates the study of alternative mechanisms for producing the peculiar eccentricities of the post-MS binaries.
ANALYSIS OF CO-SPATIAL UV-OPTICAL HST/STIS SPECTRA OF PLANETARY NEBULA NGC 3242*
Authors: Miller Timothy R. , Henry Richard B. C. , Balick Bruce , Kwitter Karen B. , Dufour Reginald J. , Shaw Richard A. , Corradi Romano L. M.
Published: October 2016

This project sought to consider two important aspects of the planetary nebula NGC 3242 using new long-slit HST/STIS spectra. First, we investigated whether this object is chemically homogeneous by spatially dividing the slit into different regions and calculating the abundances of each region. The major result is that the elements of He, C, O, and Ne are chemically homogeneous within uncertainties across the regions probed, implying that the stellar outflow was well-mixed. Second, we constrained the stellar properties using photoionization models computed by CLOUDY and tested the effects of three different density profiles on these parameters. The three profiles tested were a constant density profile, a Gaussian density profile, and a Gaussian with a power-law density profile. The temperature and luminosity were not affected significantly by the choice of density structure. The values for the stellar temperature and luminosity from our best-fit model are

kK and log(L/L
⊙) = 

, respectively. Comparing to evolutionary models on an HR diagram, this corresponds to an initial and final mass of

and

, respectively.
Heterogeneity of Cortical Breaks in Hand Joints of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Healthy Controls Imaged by High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography
Authors: Scharmga Andrea , Peters Michiel , van Tubergen Astrid , van den Bergh Joop , Barnabe Cheryl , Finzel Stephanie , van Rietbergen Bert , Geusens Piet
Published: October 2016

Objective.

Conventional radiographs (CR) of the hands are the gold standard for imaging bone erosions. The presence of bone erosions, reflected by the presence of cortical breaks, is a poor prognostic factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The availability of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) enables detailed investigation of cortical breaks in rheumatic diseases. The aim of this image review is to show HR-pQCT images of the spectrum of cortical breaks with and without underlying trabecular bone changes in metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of healthy controls (HC) and patients with RA, with corresponding images on CR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods.

Second and third MCP joints of 41 patients (of which 10 were early RA with ≤ 2 years and 24 longstanding RA with ≥ 10 years of disease duration) and 38 HC were imaged by CR, MRI, and HR-pQCT (XtremeCT1, Scanco Medical AG). Representative images of the spectrum of cortical breaks were selected.

Results.

Cortical breaks were found in early and longstanding RA, but also in HC. They were heterogeneous in size, location, and number per joint, with a variety of surrounding cortical and underlying trabecular bone characteristics.

Conclusion.

Using HR-pQCT images of MCP joints, heterogeneous cortical breaks with and without surrounding trabecular bone changes were found, not only in RA but also in HC. The underlying mechanisms and significance of this spectrum of cortical breaks as found with high 3-D resolution needs further investigation.
Definition for Rheumatoid Arthritis Erosions Imaged with High Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Interreader Reliability for Detection and Measurement
Authors: Barnabe Cheryl , Toepfer Dominique , Marotte Hubert , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe , Scharmga Andrea , Kocijan Roland , Kraus Sebastian , Boutroy Stephanie , Schett Georg , Keller Kresten Krarup , de Jong Joost , Stok Kathryn S. , Finzel Stephanie ,   the SPECTRA Collaboration
Published: October 2016

Objective.

High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) sensitively detects erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, nonpathological cortical bone disruptions are potentially misclassified as erosive. Our objectives were to set and test a definition for pathologic cortical bone disruptions in RA and to standardize reference landmarks for measuring erosion size.

Methods.

HR-pQCT images of metacarpophalangeal joints of RA and control subjects were used in an iterative process to achieve consensus on the definition and reference landmarks. Independent readers (n = 11) applied the definition to score 58 joints and measure pathologic erosions in 2 perpendicular multiplanar reformations for their maximum width and depth. Interreader reliability for erosion detection and variability in measurements between readers [root mean square coefficient of variation (RMSCV), intraclass correlation (ICC)] were calculated.

Results.

Pathologic erosions were defined as cortical breaks extending over a minimum of 2 consecutive slices in perpendicular planes, with underlying trabecular bone loss and a nonlinear shape. Interreader agreement for classifying pathologic erosions was 90.2%, whereas variability for width and depth erosion assessment was observed (RMSCV perpendicular width 12.3%, axial width 20.6%, perpendicular depth 24.0%, axial depth 22.2%; ICC perpendicular width 0.206, axial width 0.665, axial depth 0.871, perpendicular depth 0.783). Mean erosion width was 1.84 mm (range 0.16–8.90) and mean depth was 1.86 mm (range 0.30–8.00).

Conclusion.

We propose a new definition for erosions visualized with HR-pQCT imaging. Interreader reliability for erosion detection is good, but further refinement of selection of landmarks for erosion size measurement, or automated volumetric methods, will be pursued.
The Fall Season: A Time of Home, Holidays, and Health Literacy!
Authors: Parnell Terri Ann
Published: October 2016

Health literacy is a priority issue, as the majority of American adults lack the skills needed to manage their health. Health literacy education and competencies should be incorporated throughout all nursing curricula, as nurses are uniquely positioned to enhance effective communication that is essential to patient safety and patient outcomes.
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2016;47(10):440–442.
Getting to the Root of Disparities: Social Cognition and the Affective Domain
Authors: Jones-Schenk Jan
Published: October 2016

Bias, prejudice, cultural insensitivity, and eroding levels of empathy all affect the health and well being of patients and families and manifest or accelerate social disparities of health. For caregivers, educational offerings and activities targeting the affective domain can positively influence the development of greater empathy and improved social cognition. As difficult as it is to develop effective teaching methods for this domain, new strides in virtual reality technology and new research on implicit bias can provide the professional development educator with options in designing educational offerings that can help.

J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2016;47(10):443–445.
Reduction of Clinical Culture Contamination in an Inpatient Medical Unit by Revisiting Microbiology Education
Authors: Yoon Bona , Irmler Monica , Faselis Charles , Liappis Angelike P.
Published: October 2016

Clinical culture contaminations delay the correct diagnosis, result in repeat testing, and may extend the length of a hospital stay. A simple educational session reminding providers of the ubiquitous presence of bacteria on the skin and in our environment, led to a significant decrease in contaminated cultures (16.9% versus 10.9%,
p
= 0.03).
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2016;47(10):446–448.