bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of process parameters in drilling of glass epoxy composite with clam shell and cenosphere filler: A comparative analysis
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Jena Hemalata
Published: March 2024

Drilling is one of the secondary machining techniques most frequently utilised when Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) materials are assembled into a structure. The present work examines the drilling GFRPs and analyses hole quality based on the different traditional parameters: feed rate, spindle speed, and drill tool diameter. However, the hybridization of glass fiber- reinforced polymers (GRPs) by incorporating fillers as secondary reinforcement in the present piece of research has introduced new challenges for hole drilling and achieving the desired surface finishes. The delamination at the hole entrance and exit, considering the drill diameter of the HSS twist drill (6, 8, 10 mm), feed rate (0.04, 0.08, 0.12 mm/rev), cutting speed (1000, 1200, 1400 rpm), and filler content (0, 10, 20 wt.%) in GFRP, are the major factors are considered. The fillers used are clamshell powder and cenosphere, which are marine waste and thermal power plant waste, respectively. The present paper aims to study the effect of these fillers on the drilling-induced damages to the holes in terms of delamination factor, surface roughness, and dimensional accuracy of the hole (taper error, circularity error) of GFRPs. The most widely preferred Taguchi experimental design has been used for optimising the process parameters to obtain minimum delamination, surface roughness, and hole error. The study also aims to develop a correlation between feed rate, cutting velocity, drill diameter, and filler content with the delamination factor, surface roughness, taper error, and circularity error in a GFRP material. The observed results show that clamshells filled GFRP shows lower delamination, surface roughness, circularity error, and taper error compared to cenosphere filled GFRP composites under the same process parameters. It indicates the positive impact of the fillers in the drilling of GFRP, where the main objective is to reduce drilling-induced defects.
Optimum selection of nano-Al2O3, nano-SiO2, and nano-ZrO2particulate fillers on physical, mechanical, and wear assessment of Al6061 nanocomposite using preference selection index
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Kumar Shiv Ranjan
Published: March 2024

The present study investigated the role of three important nano-sized fillers such as nano-SiO2, nano-ZrO2, and nano-Al2O3on mechanical and wear assessment of Al6061 alloy matrix composite and suggested the optimum compositions for the best performance for Al6067 alloy matrix composites. Preference selection index as optimization tool was used and attributes taken for optimizations were void content, hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, fracture toughness, impact strength, specific wear rate at normal load of 25 and 55 N load, sliding velocities of 0.5 and 2 m/s, sliding distance of 500 and 2000 m, respectively. In general, all three nanofillers enhanced the mechanical and wear properties of Al6061 alloy matrix composite. In the steady state wear study, on increasing normal load from 25 to 55 N, the specific wear rate of Al6061, Al6061-3Al2O3, Al6061-3SiO2, and Al6061-3ZrO2was increased by 58.7%, 33.2%, 15.4%, and 26.14%, respectively. On increasing sliding speed from 0.5 to 2 m/sec, the specific wear rate of Al6061, Al6061-3Al2O3, Al6061-3SiO2, and Al6061-3ZrO2was increased by 27%, 13%, 6%, and 12%, respectively. On increasing sliding distance from 500 to 2000 m, the specific wear rate of Al6061, Al6061-3Al2O3, Al6061-3SiO2, and Al6061-3ZrO2was increased by 41%, 36%, 9%, and 21%, respectively. Al6061-3SiO2indicated the best composition in terms of mechanical and wear performance followed by Al6061-3Al2O3and Al6061-3ZrO2. Hence, nano-SiO2can be suggested as the best filler to enhance the mechanical and wear performance of Al6061-based nanocomposite. Therefore, nano-SiO2reinforced Al6061 composite is indicated as the best suitable composite material for a large number of components in structural, automobile, marine, and aerospace industries.
Sustainable energy efficiency in China from the perspective of environmental development: A comprehensive analysis of regional disparities and policy implications
Authors: Tian Ze , Zhang Han-qi , Ren Fang-rong , Xu Xing-wu , Liu Xiao-yan
Published: March 2024

Global agreements have emerged in order to achieve carbon neutrality as the needs for renewable energy sources and carbon reduction continue to grow. To achieve the global carbon neutrality goals, China, one of the largest carbon emitters, must improve urban energy efficiency. Using a three-stage slacks-based measure (SBM) technique, this study analyses the total factor energy efficiency of 270 prefecture-level cities from 2011 through 2020. It tries to monitor and evaluate energy efficiency without taking into account variations in the outside environment. China's total factor energy efficiency shows an overall rising trend, despite significant regional variations. Improved energy efficiency levels can be attributed to technical advancements, while limitations in technology contribute to lower energy efficiency in certain areas. The study highlights the importance of considering external environmental factors in evaluating energy efficiency, able to avoid an overestimation of China's overall energy efficiency. It is noteworthy that the eastern region consistently outperforms the national average in terms of energy use efficiency. Even after taking environmental factors out of the equation, the central, west, and northeast regions still have worse energy efficiency and slower rates of growth. On this basis, from strengthening energy management and planning; facilitating cross-regional sharing of expertise; take targeted policy measures to adapt to the characteristics of the western and northeastern regions and put forward policy suggestions. These guidelines contribute to international energy cooperation and carbon reduction initiatives, while promoting sustainable energy development in China.
Building on Spash's critiques of monetary valuation to suggest ways forward for relational values research
Authors: Gould Rachelle K. , Himes Austin , Anderson Lea May , Arias Arévalo Paola , Chapman Mollie , Lenzi Dominic , Muraca Barbara , Tadaki Marc
Published: March 2024

Scholars have critiqued mainstream economic approaches to environmental valuation for decades. These critiques have intensified with the increased prominence of environmental valuation in decision-making. This paper has three goals. First, we summarise prominent critiques of monetary valuation, drawing mostly on the work of Clive Spash, who worked extensively on cost–benefit analysis early in his career and then became one of monetary valuation's most thorough and ardent critics. Second, we, as a group of scholars who study relational values, describe how relational values research engages with and addresses many of the critiques of monetary valuation. Third, we offer suggestions for relational values research that continues and deepens its ability to respond to critiques of monetary valuation and contributes to transformative change towards sustainability.
Measurement properties of the dispositional measure of employability in Australian university students
Authors: Brown Jason L , McIlveen Peter , Perera Harsha N , Hammer Sara J
Published: March 2024

Dispositional employability can be understood as a psychosocial process that facilitates the enactment of behaviors directed toward career self-management. This investigation aimed to test the validity of a measure of dispositional employability to predict salient career outcomes in university students. Two studies using distinct samples of students at a multi-campus university in Australia deployed surveys containing measures of dispositional employability, career adaptability, and job search self-efficacy. The measures’ properties were tested using principal axis factoring in Study 1 and confirmatory factor analysis in Study 2. Furthermore, hierarchical regression analyses in Study 2 found that dispositional employability has distinctive relations with measures of career adaptability and job search self-efficacy. Our findings inform recommendations for higher education institutions to measure the psychosocial aspects of employability.
Synchronous control of tri-motor vibration system considering an adaptive back-stepping control strategy
Authors: Du Mingjun , Lei Faming , Yuan Qinghong , Wu Xianjin , Xie Honggang , Ma Jinbao
Published: March 2024

In oil and gas drilling engineering, the anti-phase synchronization of two co-rotating rotors in a tri-motor vibration system is easy to implement owing to its inherent coupling characteristics, which can lead to the exciting force generated by the vibrating system being very small. Thus, an adaptive back-stepping control strategy is proposed to apply in a tri-motor vibrating system and improve the processing capacity of drilling fluid shaker screens. The algorithm developed in this paper is that a complex higher-order nonlinear system is simplified into lower-order subsystems by the adaptive back-stepping control theory, and then the adaptive law for varying load torque is derived by combining with the adaptive theory to regulate the velocity of motors in a closed loop. Firstly, a dynamical model to describe the tri-motor vibration system is established, and the dynamical equations of the vibrating system are derived based on the Lagrange equation. Then, the speed error controller and the phase difference error controller are designed by combining the adaptive back-stepping control algorithm with the master–slave control (MSC) structure. According to Barbalat’s lemma, the stability of the control system is analyzed to verify the feasibility of the control method. Finally, the dynamical equations of the vibrating system are used to establish an electromechanical coupling control model of a tri-motor driven planar system through the Runge–Kutta method, and it verified the reliability of the control strategy, the robustness, and the stability of the control system, respectively, and intuitively revealed the synchronization characteristics of tri-motor vibration control system. The results demonstrate the phase difference among the three motors can be accurately stabilized at zero by a phase synchronization control strategy based on the adaptive back-stepping control method, and the method is simple and fast-speed and the control system has better robustness.
Association between hyperglycemia during pregnancy and offspring's refractive error: A focused review
Authors: Guo Yufan , Lu Jingru , Zhu Linlin , Hao Xuemei , Huang Kun
Published: March 2024

This review article explores the relationship between hyperglycemia during pregnancy and the visual development of offspring, specifically focusing on refractive error. The authors conducted a comprehensive search for relevant articles in various databases and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. The findings consistently indicate that hyperglycemia during pregnancy can have a detrimental impact on the structural and functional aspects of visual development in offspring. The intrauterine hyperglycemic environment appears to negatively affect the retina and lens, leading to refractive errors. In conclusion, there is likely an association between hyperglycemia during pregnancy and the development of refractive errors in offspring.
Impact of Hyperuricemia and Urate-Lowering Agents on Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Sosa Franklin , Shaban Mohammed , Lopez Jose , Duarte Gustavo J. , Jain Swati , Khizar Asma , Vittorio Timothy , Mishra Rishabh , Rodriguez Guerra Miguel
Published: March 2024

The association between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases has been studied for many years. Research has shown a link between high uric acid levels and increased risk of including coronary artery disease hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Urate-lowering therapy, particularly with xanthine oxidase inhibitors like allopurinol, has shown promising results in reducing blood pressure in individuals with hyperuricemia and hypertension. Clinical trials and studies have demonstrated significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure with urate-lowering treatment. Urate-lowering treatment has shown a favorable effect on reducing systolic blood pressure and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with previous cardiovascular disease. In terms of cardiovascular safety, clinical trials have indicated that xanthine oxidase inhibitors such as febuxostat are non-inferior to allopurinol and do not increase the risk of death or serious adverse events. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of managing hyperuricemia and utilizing urate-lowering therapy to mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects associated with elevated uric acid levels.
Input effects and unidirectional transfer in Mandarin–English heritage bilingual children: The case of spatial prepositional zai-phrases
Authors: Deng Xiangjun , Mai Ziyin
Published: March 2024

Aims and objectives:

This study investigates the effects of fine-grained aspects of input and cross-linguistic influence on the placement of prepositional zai-phrase ( zai-PP) in heritage Mandarin.

Methodology:

Utterances with zai-PPs were extracted from transcripts of an elicited narration task administered with child heritage speakers of Mandarin ( n = 27, aged 4–14) and their parents ( n = 18) in the United Kingdom, and compared with those produced by child and adult Mandarin speakers in Beijing in a similar narration task, selected from the Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES).

Data and analysis:

The zai-PPs were coded for pre/postverbal placement and event semantics of co-occurring verbs, as well as innovative uses. Comparisons were made between groups of participants, and correlations were performed among child and input variables.

Findings:

In Mandarin, the heritage children overused postverbal zai-PPs across measures and comparisons, producing innovative uses of postverbal zai-PPs not found in the input or Beijing baselines. Their production of preverbal zai-PPs increases with age (proxy for cumulative amount of input) rather than structural frequency in their parental input. In English, they correctly placed spatial PPs postverbally. Our findings revealed protracted development of zai-PP placement in heritage Mandarin due to inherent complexity of the structure, reduction of input in the heritage language at school age, and strong unidirectional transfer from English to Mandarin.

Originality:

This study is among the first to understand a heritage structure by analysing speech samples of both heritage children and their parents and examine input–outcome relations between them directly.

Significance:

The placement of zai-PP in relation to individual verbs with different event semantics is subject to protracted development and vulnerable to majority language influence in heritage language acquisition, but further development at the school age is likely, if sufficient amounts of input are provided.
Production and investigation of bio-textile films produced from bacterial cellulose biosynthesis from black tea and ginger, and cultivation on sugar cane media
Authors: Abouzaid Hanaa Abouzaid Khalil
Published: March 2024

In this study, bacterial cellulose was produced through the fermentation of a mixture of black tea, ginger, and sugar, and used to create bio-textile films on sugarcane-based media. Characterization included ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM was used to examine surface morphology. The bio-textile films showed increasing UV resistance beyond 10 days of cultivation (T.UVA%; 0.13 ± 0.02, T.UVB%; 0.22 ± 0.01, UPF; 629 ± 2.12) and antimicrobial resistance was assessed by quantifying Colony-Forming Units (CFU), resulting in a 100% reduction in growth for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Subsequently, after 15 days of cultivation, antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disc agar diffusion method, yielding noteworthy outcomes. E. coli displayed a 25 mm zone of inhibition, S. aureus exhibited a 31 mm zone of inhibition, Candida albicans showed a 35 mm zone of inhibition, and Aspergillus niger presented a 22 mm zone of inhibition.
A Second Proof of Concept Investigation of Strengths Using the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth Tool With Justice-Involved Youth: Item Level Risk-Based Effects and Interactions
Authors: Langton Calvin M. , Worling James R. , Sheinin Gabriela D. B.
Published: March 2024

Despite efforts to incorporate protective factors or ‘strengths’ in applied risk assessments for criminal reoffending, there has been limited progress towards a consensus regarding what is meant by such terms, what effects predictors can exert, or how to describe such effects. This proof of concept study was undertaken to address those issues. A structured professional judgment tool was used to create lower and higher historical/static risk groups with a sample of 273 justice-involved male youth with sexual offenses followed over a fixed 3-year period. Using risk and protective poles to create pairs of dichotomous variables from trichotomously rated risk and protective items, risk-based exacerbation and risk-based protective effects were found. These varied in terms of whether the effect on the outcome of a new violent (including sexual) offense was larger, smaller, or absent for youth at higher or lower historical/static risk. Some of these potentially dynamic dichotomous variables were shown to have a protective (or risk) effect after controlling for both historical/static risk and that same item’s risk (or protective) effect. Some moderated the association between historical/static risk and recidivism, strengthening or reducing it. Terms for these effects and implications of incorporating strengths in research and applied practice were considered.
HSMM multi-observations for prognostics and health management
Authors: Handayani Lestari , Vrignat Pascal , Kratz Frédéric
Published: March 2024

An efficient maintenance policy allows for determining the current state of a system (diagnosis phase) and its future state (prognosis phase). We show in this paper that Markovian methods allow for obtaining many efficient indicators for the expert. To characterize the quality and robustness of these methods, we compared the Hidden Semi-Markov Model (HSMM) with the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Several learning and decoding methods were included in the competition. A real case study was used as a particularly interesting working tool. The Remaining Useful Life (RUL) has also been included in this work.
Fire on the Bayou: The Status of School Orchestra and String Programs in Louisiana
Authors: Saccardi David J.
Published: March 2024

This study examined the status of school orchestra and string programs in Louisiana. A manual web search for string programs in parish school districts, student school affiliations from honor orchestra lists, Louisiana members of the American String Teachers Association (ASTA), and members of the Louisiana Music Educators Association was conducted to determine the approximate number of programs in the state. These data were cross-referenced with available data from the Louisiana Department of Education, which listed course offerings by school. A total of 44 teachers serving 97 schools were identified. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with five-string teachers and two district arts coordinators from around the state to determine the strengths of current string programs and opportunities for growth. Findings from participant interviews revealed the legacy of school segregation, inadequate funding for public education, competition from non-public schools, and the challenges of maintaining program infrastructure due to limited funding and perennial natural disasters. The results of this study were compared with other statewide string program surveys to situate Louisiana string programs in a national context with implications for string teachers, music teacher education, and professional development offered.
Case study Apple: Exploring the effects of brand power through nudge theory
Authors: Neglur Indrani Sudhindra , Rajeswari P S
Published: March 2024

The power of brands transcends mere economic transactions, extending into the cultural fabric of society. In this context, Apple emerges as an exemplar, wielding its brand as a potent economic moat. Beyond the realm of innovative design and technology, Apple strategically taps into behavioural economics to forge deep emotional connections with consumers. The anticipation surrounding Apple product launches and the unwavering loyalty of its patrons underscore the brand’s ability to shape social identities and foster a sense of belonging among consumers, forming a dedicated tribe. Apple’s success lies not solely in the functionality of its products but in its adept understanding of consumer psychology. The brand leverages crucial product cues, hedonic values and a carefully cultivated brand image to guide consumer choices in a fast-paced market environment. The intentional creation of a cult-like following involves more than product features; it necessitates an intricate interplay between brand strategy, consumer emotions and technological innovation. The text highlights Apple’s adaptability, referencing its substantial financial resources and potential shift to a Software as a Service (SaaS) model. This signals the company’s strategic foresight and preparedness for evolving market trends. Apple’s brand nudges consumers to focus on the emotional connection rather than a rational analysis of product needs, creating a distinctive position in the market. In essence, Apple’s success story becomes a compelling case study illustrating the symbiotic relationship between brand strategy, consumer psychology and technological innovation.
Introduction: Platforms for social good
Authors: Chang Leanne , Zhang Xinzhi
Published: March 2024

The rise of platforms since the Millennium has drastically reshaped human activities worldwide and transformed our physical world into what is known as platform societies, wherein social and economic interactions are profoundly mediated and defined by the digital infrastructure of platforms. The immense integration of platforms into daily human life prompts inquiry into their capacity to foster social good. This Special Issue presents a compilation of articles that scrutinize the intricate relationship between platforms and their potential to promote social good in the contexts of mainland China and Hong Kong. In both settings, platforms are subject to negotiation and co-creation among technological, commercial, and political logics, although the nuances differ. While social good can embody a wide range of public interests and common goods, this Special Issue specifically explores social good within the domains of promoting good health and well-being, advocating responsible production and consumption, fostering societal equality, advancing decent work and economic growth, and supporting justice and effective institutions. The collection illustrates that platforms may contribute to social good at both macro and micro levels. Platforms have the capacity to provide infrastructure for social and economic activities in the digital realm, driving transformations in business and social relations. Platforms can also offer individuals and collectives access to resources, empowering them to safeguard public interests. Understanding the role of platforms in upholding social good requires consideration of multifaceted forces and interests rooted in the market, state, and civil society.
Promoting the Wellness of Older Adults through Integrated Health-Promoting Programs and Supportive Peers: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Semi-Urban Communities of Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Silawan Tassanee , Powwattana Arpaporn , Ponsen Phurithat , Ninkarnjanakun Nuttawat
Published: March 2024

Introduction/Objectives:

Thailand has approached an aged society in which the proportion of older adults rose from 5% in 1995 to 20.7% in 2022 and is projected to increase to 27.2% in 2030. Older adults face health risks and challenges, requiring supportive care. This research aimed to promote the wellness of older adults through Integrated Health-Promoting Programs and Supportive Peers (IHPP-SP) in semi-urban communities.

Methods:

A one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted among 229 older adults from 22 communities. The interventions covered analyzing community situations and determinants, designing and developing IHPP-SP, enhancing the capabilities of supportive peers, and establishing a support system. Mean and proportion differences were analyzed using the paired t-test and McNemar test.

Results:

After implementing IHPP-SP, the mean score significantly increased for happiness ( P = .004), Activities of Daily Living: ADLs ( P = .034), and family support ( P < .001), but did not differ regarding depression ( P = .413). The proportion of healthy behaviors significantly increased for tobacco use ( P = .035), dietary intake ( P = .018), and physical activity ( P < .001), but not for alcohol consumption ( P = .377).

Conclusions:

The IHPP-SP provided potential benefits to promote the wellness of older adults.
The Management of Intraoperative Spinal Cord Injury – A Scoping Review
Authors: Hejrati Nader , Srikandarajah Nisaharan , Alvi Mohammed Ali , Quddusi Ayesha , Tetreault Lindsay A. , Guest James D. , Marco Rex A.W. , Kirshblum Steven , Martin Allan R. , Strantzas Samuel , Arnold Paul M. , Basu Saumyajit , Evaniew Nathan , Kwon Brian K. , Skelly Andrea C. , Fehlings Michael G.
Published: March 2024

Study Design

Scoping Review.

Objective

To review the literature and summarize information on checklists and algorithms for responding to intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) alerts and management of intraoperative spinal cord injuries (ISCIs).

Methods

MEDLINE® was searched from inception through January 26, 2022 as were sources of grey literature. We attempted to obtain guidelines and/or consensus statements from the following sources: American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, NASS (North American Spine Society), and other spine surgery organizations.

Results

Of 16 studies reporting on management strategies for ISCIs, two were publications of consensus meetings which were conducted according to the Delphi method and eight were retrospective cohort studies. The remaining six studies were narrative reviews that proposed intraoperative checklists and management strategies for IONM alerts. Of note, 56% of included studies focused only on patients undergoing spinal deformity surgery. Intraoperative considerations and measures taken in the event of an ISCI are divided and reported in three categories of i) Anesthesiologic, ii) Neurophysiological/Technical, and iii) Surgical management strategies.

Conclusion

There is a paucity of literature on comparative effectiveness and harms of management strategies in response to an IONM alert and possible ISCI. There is a pressing need to develop a standardized checklist and care pathway to avoid and minimize the risk of postoperative neurologic sequelae.
Enhancing Oral Hygiene in Children With Hearing Impairment: The Impact of Skit Video Interventions -A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moin Maria , Haider Muhammad Mohsin , Rizvi Kulsoom Fatima , Imtiaz Rabia , Maqsood Afsheen , Altamash Sara , Ahmed Naseer , Heboyan Artak
Published: March 2024

Aim. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of 3 interventions—skit video, pictorial, and sign language—in improving the oral hygiene of children with hearing impairment. Materials and Methods. Sixty children randomly divided into 3 groups: Skit video, Pictorial, and Sign language. The mean gingival and Oral Hygiene Index scores were recorded before and after interventions. A 1-way ANOVA was used for statistically significant difference between pre and post intervention scores. Results. A significant difference in mean oral hygiene and gingival index scores before and after interventions was found in Group A ( P < .005). A statistically significant difference was also found between group A and B in inter group comparison of OHI and GI scores post intervention ( P < .004). Conclusion. Skit video and pictorial intervention effectively improves oral health resulting in reduced mean oral hygiene and gingival scores.
Optimization Control of Multi-Mode Coupling All-Wheel Drive System for Hybrid Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Lipeng , Wang Zijian , Wang Liandong , Ren Changan
Published: March 2024

The all-wheel drive (AWD) hybrid system is a research focus on high-performance new energy vehicles that can meet the demands of dynamic performance and passing ability. Simultaneous optimization of the power and economy of hybrid vehicles becomes an issue. A unique multi-mode coupling (MMC) AWD hybrid system is presented to realize the distributed and centralized driving of the front and rear axles to achieve vectored distribution and full utilization of the system power between the axles of vehicles. Based on the parameters of the benchmarking model of a hybrid vehicle, the best model-predictive control-based energy management strategy is proposed. First, the drive system model was built after the analysis of the MMC-AWD's drive modes. Next, three fundamental strategies were established to address power distribution adjustment and battery SOC maintenance when the SOC changed, which was followed by the design of a road driving force observer. Then, the energy consumption rate in the average time domain was processed before designing the minimum fuel consumption controller based on the equivalent fuel consumption coefficient. Finally, the advantage of the MMC-AWD was confirmed by comparison with the dynamic performance and economy of the BYD Song PLUS DMI-AWD. The findings indicate that, in comparison to the comparative hybrid system at road adhesion coefficients of 0.8 and 0.6, the MMC-AWD's capacity to accelerate increases by 5.26% and 7.92%, respectively. When the road adhesion coefficient is 0.8, 0.6, and 0.4, the maximum climbing ability increases by 14.22%, 12.88%, and 4.55%, respectively. As a result, the dynamic performance is greatly enhanced, and the fuel savings rate per 100 km of mileage reaches 12.06%, which is also very economical. The proposed control strategies for the new hybrid AWD vehicle can optimize the power and economy simultaneously.
Multilayer WS2 for low-power visible and near-infrared phototransistors
Authors: Pelella Aniello , Intonti Kimberly , Durante Ofelia , Kumar Arun , Viscardi Loredana , De Stefano Sebastiano , Romano Paola , Giubileo Filippo , Neill Hazel , Patil Vilas , Ansari Lida , Roycroft Brendan , Hurley Paul K. , Gity Farzan , Di Bartolomeo Antonio
Published: March 2024

Mechanically exfoliated multilayer WS2 flakes are used as the channel of field effect transistors for low-power photodetection in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral range. The electrical characterization as a function of the temperature reveals devices with n-type conduction and slightly different Schottky barriers at the drain and source contacts. The WS2 phototransistors can be operated in self-powered mode, yielding both a current and a voltage when exposed to light. The spectral photoresponse in the visible and the NIR ranges shows a high responsivity (4.5 μA/W) around 1250 nm, making the devices promising for telecommunication applications.
Degradable silk fibroin based piezoresistive sensor for wearable biomonitoring
Authors: Pang Chunlin , Li Fei , Hu Xiaorao , Meng Keyu , Pan Hong , Xiang Yong
Published: March 2024

Degradable wearable electronics are attracting increasing attention to weaken or eliminate the negative effect of waste e-wastes and promote the development of medical implants without secondary post-treatment. Although various degradable materials have been explored for wearable electronics, the development of degradable wearable electronics with integrated characteristics of highly sensing performances and low-cost manufacture remains challenging. Herein, we developed a facile, low-cost, and environmentally friendly approach to fabricate a biocompatible and degradable silk fibroin based wearable electronics (SFWE) for on-body monitoring. A combination of rose petal templating and hollow carbon nanospheres endows as-fabricated SFWE with good sensitivity (5.63 kPa−1), a fast response time (147 ms), and stable durability (15,000 cycles). The degradable phenomenon has been observed in the solution of 1 M NaOH, confirming that silk fibroin based wearable electronics possess degradable property. Furthermore, the as-fabricated SFWE have been demonstrated that have abilities to monitor knuckle bending, muscle movement, and facial expression. This work offers an ecologically-benign and cost-effective approach to fabricate high-performance wearable electronics.
The Function of SD1 on Shoot Length and its Pyramiding Effect on Shoot Length and Plant Height in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Dong Jingfang , Ma Yamei , Hu Haifei , Wang Jian , Yang Wu , Fu Hua , Zhang Longting , Chen Jiansong , Zhou Lian , Li Wenhui , Nie Shuai , Liu Ziqiang , Zhao Junliang , Liu Bin , Yang Tifeng , Zhang Shaohong
Published: March 2024

Strong seedling vigor is imperative to achieve stable seedling establishment and enhance the competitiveness against weeds in rice direct seeding. Shoot length (SL) is one of the important traits associated with seedling vigor in rice, but few genes for SL have been cloned so far. In the previous study, we identified two tightly linked and stably expressed QTLs for SL, qSL-1f and qSL-1d by genome-wide association study, and cloned the causal gene (LOC_Os01g68500) underlying qSL-1f. In the present study, we identify LOC_Os01g66100 (i.e. the semidwarf gene SD1), a well-known gene controlling plant height (PH) at the adult-plant stage, as the causal gene underlying qSL-1d through gene-based haplotype analysis and knockout transgenic verification. By measuring the phenotypes (SL and PH) of various haplotypes of the two genes and their knockout lines, we found SD1 and LOC_ Os01g68500 controlled both SL and PH, and worked in the same direction, which provided the directly genetic evidence for a positive correlation between SL and PH combined with the analysis of SL and PH in the diverse natural population. Moreover, the knockout transgenic experiments suggested that SD1 had a greater effect on PH compared with LOC_ Os01g68500, but no significant difference in the effect on SL. Further investigation of the pyramiding effects of SD1 and LOC_Os01g68500 based on their haplotype combinations suggested that SD1 may play a dominant role in controlling SL and PH when the two genes coexist. In this study, the effect of SD1 on SL at the seedling stage is validated. In total, two causal genes, SD1 and LOC_ Os01g68500, for SL are cloned in our studies, which controlled both SL and PH, and the suitable haplotypes of SD1 and LOC_ Os01g68500 are beneficial to achieve the desired SL and PH in different rice breeding objectives. These results provide a new clue to develop rice varieties for direct seeding and provide new genetic resources for molecular breeding of rice with suitable PH and strong seedling vigor.
Occurrence of forever chemicals in Chennai waters, India
Authors: Koulini G. V. , Nambi Indumathi M.
Published: March 2024

Background

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are considered ‘contaminants of emerging concern’ due to their environmental persistence, bio-accumulative potential, and adverse effects on human health. They are widely employed in producing various goods used in daily life, such as non-stick cookware, cleaning agents, and many industrial applications in aerospace, automotive, construction, electronics, and military, all of which ultimately end up in different environmental matrices. India’s rapid economic growth necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its PFAS contamination levels and potential human and ecological exposure.

Results

The present study reports the quantification of one long-chain and two short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and three long-chain and two short-chain perfluorosulfonic acids and qualitative analysis using suspect screening in the waters of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Samples were collected from surface and groundwater sources, including the Adyar river, Buckingham canal, Chembarambakkam lake, and the water treatment plant. The concentrations analyzed in all the samples ranged from 0.10 ng/L to 136.27 ng/L. Groundwater had some of the highest concentrations of PFAS. L-PFBS (up to 136.27 ng/L) and PFOA (up to 77.61 ng/L) are present in all the samples. The concentrations of all the target PFAS increased in the 5 to 103% range in the final treated water compared to the raw water of the water treatment plant. This treated water is distributed as a source of drinking water for the residents of Chennai. Additionally, the dominance of short-chain compounds (4–7 carbons) over long-chain compounds (> 7 carbons) was observed. Suspect screening revealed numerous precursors and other fluorinated compounds abundantly present in the samples.

Conclusions

Our study revealed PFAS levels up to 136.27 ng/L in both surface and groundwater samples from Chennai. These findings raise concerns about potential risks to ecosystems and human well-being. The dominance of short-chain PFAS coupled with abundant precursors and unidentified fluorinated compounds indicates an ongoing shift toward alternatives. Conventional water treatment is ineffective in eliminating these chemicals from the water system; rather, increasing the PFAS concentrations from raw water to treated water necessitates advanced polishing steps. Industrial emissions, untreated domestic wastewater discharge, and open dump sites have been suspected as the significant sources of contamination, highlighting the need for further investigation to fully assess the extent of PFAS contamination in Chennai.

Graphical Abstract
The effect of early mobilisation (< 14 days) on pathophysiological and functional outcomes in animals with induced spinal cord injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Gray Natalie , Shaikh Junaid , Cowley Alison , Goosey-Tolfrey Vicky , Logan Pip , Quraishi Nasir , Booth Vicky
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The optimum time to mobilise (standing, walking) following spinal cord injury (SCI) is unknown but may have implications for patient outcomes. There are no high-quality experimental studies that examine this issue, with a paucity of guidance for clinicians. Pre-clinical studies lead research in this field and can contribute to knowledge and support future clinical practice. Objective: to evaluate the effect of early compared to no mobilisation on pathophysiological and functional outcomes in animals with induced SCI.

Methods

A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted by searching pre-clinical literature in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, OpenGrey, and EThOS (June 2023). Studies were included of any research method giving numerical results comparing pathophysiological and functional outcomes in rats and mice mobilised within 14-days of induced SCI to those that did not mobilise. Data were synthesised using random-effects meta-analyses. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the CAMARADES checklist. The certainty of findings was reported using the GRADE approach. This study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023437494).

Results

Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes found that Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor levels were greater in those that initiated mobilisation within 14-days of SCI compared to the groups that did not. Mobilisation initiated within 14-days of SCI was also associated with statistically significant functional gains: (Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating score (BBB) = 2.13(0–21), CI 1.43, 2.84, Ladder Rung Walking Task = − 12.38(0–100), CI 20.01, − 4.76). Meta-analysis identified the greatest functional gains when mobilisation was initiated within 3 days of SCI (BBB = 3.00, CI 2.31–3.69, p < 0.001), or when delivered at low intensity (BBB = 2.88, CI 2.03–3.70, p < 0.001). Confidence in the findings from this review was low to moderate due to the risk of bias and mixed methodological quality.

Conclusion

Mobilisation instigated within 14-days of injury, may be an effective way of improving functional outcomes in animal models following SCI, with delays potentially detrimental to recovery. Outcomes from this study support further research in this field to guide future clinical practice.
Evaluating the disaster preparedness of emergency medical services (EMS) facilities: a cross-sectional investigation in Iran
Authors: Beyrami Jam Mehdi , Aminizadeh Mohsen , Akbari-Shahrestanaki Yousof , Khankeh Hamid Reza
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The preparedness of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) plays a crucial role in managing health disaster risks. This study was conducted to assess the disaster preparedness of EMS facilities in Iran, using a nationally reliable tool.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2021 to evaluate the disaster preparedness of EMS facilities in Iran using a national standard tool. The census sampling approach was utilized to select the samples, and descriptive statistics, as well as analytical statistics like the independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation test, were used to analyze the data using SPSS-18 software.

Results

The findings of this study revealed that the majority of EMS facilities in Iran possess a moderate level of preparedness in dealing with disasters. Also, the results indicate that EMS facilities have an average level of preparedness against disasters in all dimensions except for “coordination and cooperation” and “surge capacity”.

Conclusion

According to this study, the majority of EMS facilities in Iran are exposed to different disasters. Furthermore, the findings indicate that while EMS facilities are generally prepared to respond to disasters at an average level, there are some important preparedness gaps in dimensions like response capacities, coordination, and cooperation. Thus, specific strategies, standards, and procedures must be developed and disseminated by the National Medical Emergency Organization.
Characteristics of high frame frequency contrast-enhanced ultrasound in renal tumors
Authors: Zhang WeiPing , Wang JingLing , Chen Li
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of high frame rate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (H-CEUS) in renal lesions and to improve the ability for differential diagnosis of renal tumors.

Methods

A total of 140 patients with renal lesions underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examination in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from July 2022 to July 2023. Based on the tumor pathology and the results of enhanced CT, tumor patients were divided into malignant and benign groups. All subjects were examined using gray-scale ultrasound, conventional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (C-CEUS), and H-CEUS, and their dynamic images were recorded. Two radiologists independently analyzed and recorded the results of ultrasound, C-CEUS, and H-CEUS images and statistically analyzed the features of C-CEUS and H-CEUS images. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the difference in age and maximum diameter of nodules between the benign and malignant groups. The χ2 test was used to compare the sex, mode of operation, gray-scale ultrasound characteristics, and enhancement characteristics of the two CEUS modes (enhancement mode, regression mode, enhancement degree, enhancement uniformity, enhancement or not, enhancement direction, post-enhancement boundary and range, and pseudocapsule) between the benign and malignant groups. The difference in vascular morphology of malignant nodules of varying sizes under two angiographic modes.

Results

There were significant differences in gender (χ2 = 10.408, P = 0.001), mode of operation (χ2 = 47.089, P < 0.001), nodule composition (χ2 = 7.481, P = 0.003), nodule echo (χ2 = 20.926, P < 0.001), necrosis (χ2 = 31.343, P < 0.001) and nodule blood flow (χ2 = 9.006, P = 0.029) between the benign and malignant groups. There were significant differences in the regression model (χ2 = 6.782, P = 0.034) and enhancement direction (χ2 = 13.771, P = 0.001) between the two radiographic techniques in the malignant group. There was a significant difference in the enhancement uniformity between the two CEUS techniques in the benign group (χ2 = 8.264, P = 0.004). There was a significant difference between the two CEUS techniques in displaying the vascular morphology in the malignant group with the maximum diameter of nodules ≤ 4.0 cm (χ2 = 11.421, P < 0.022). However, there was no significant difference between the two techniques in the malignant group with the maximum diameter of nodules > 4.0 cm.

Conclusion

Increasing the frame rate of ultrasound images is helpful to accurately display the enhanced features and vascular morphology of renal tumors, especially for malignant tumors with a maximum diameter of ≤ 4.0 cm. Thus, H-CEUS can make up for the limitation of CEUS with regard to the display of vascular morphology.
Early ambulation protocol after diagnostic transfemoral cerebral angiography: an evidence-based practice project
Authors: Liang Hao , Ye Richun , Song Nana , Zhu Canhui , Xu Miaolong , Ye Qiaoyu , Wei Lin , Chen Jiehan
Published: March 2024

Background

No uniform consensus has been achieved regarding the ambulation protocol after transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFA). Until now, in most hospitals patients are prescribed 8-12 h strict immobilization along with bed rest in the supine position after TFA in China, which causes great discomfort to patients.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of an evidence-based early ambulation protocol on the prevention of vascular complications and general discomfort in patients following transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFA).

Methods

A prospective quasi-experimental study was conducted on 214 patients undergoing TFA with manual compression. Patients in the experimental group were placed supine position for 2 h with a sandbag placed on the wound dressing, followed by a semi-seated position for another 2 h. After this period, patients took 2 h bed rest (move freely) with the sandbag removed, and were allowed to get out of bed 6 h after TFA. Patients in the control group were restricted to an 8 h bed rest in a supine position with the affected leg straight and immobilized. The vascular complications (bleeding, hematoma, ecchymosis) and levels of comfort (low back pain, leg pain, and blood pressure) were evaluated after the procedure. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores, systolic blood pressure (SBP); diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured hourly for 8 h after TFA.

Results

There was no significant difference in the two groups with regard to vascular complications including bleeding events (P = 0.621), bleeding volume (P = 0.321), and area of hematoma (P = 0.156).

The area of ecchymosis in the experimental group was significantly smaller than the control group (P = 0.031). Compared with the control group, the NRS score for low back pain in the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th hour after TFA were significantly lower (P < 0.05), and the NRS score for leg pain in the 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th hour after TFA were significantly lower (P < 0.05). The SBP and DBP in the 6th, 7th, and 8th hour after TFA were significantly lower than the control group (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The evidence-based early ambulation protocol can effectively and safely increase comfort and decrease the pain level for patients undergoing TFA, without change in the incidence of vascular complications.