bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arboricultural Communication
Authors: Andresen John , Jorgensen Erik
Published: July 2022

To determine arboricultural information needs and resources within the shade tree industry, 2100 questionnaires were mailed to the membership of the International Shade Tree Conference in June 1973. Of the 328 total respondents 32% identified themselves as commercial arborists. An additional 17% associated themselves with other arboricultural affiliations to raise the total to 55%. The remaining 45% assorted themselves within a dozen other urban vegetation management disciplines. Of 12 possible choices, information about tree maintenance, and insect and disease controls was listed as a primary concern by the respondents. As reported, the largest number of contacts for information (18 choices) was made with county extension agents, product dealers or suppliers, and the ISTC. An analysis of and recommendations for more effective information exchange is provided.
Urban Forestry in Quebec
Authors: Desbiens Emelie
Published: July 2022

Urban forestry is a reality in the province of Quebec, Canada. Since 1977, several major events have encouraged greater recognition of this discipline in Quebec. For the last few years, the Ministry of the Environment of Quebec has assumed a certain leadership in Urban Forestry by providing substantial assistance. An urban forestry handbook was recently published and is currently distributed to municipalities and other parties involved in urban forestry. An urban forestry assistance program is offered by the Ministry to assist them in the development of municipal urban forestry programs.
Options in Street Tree Inventories
Authors: Smiley E. Thomas , Baker Fred
Published: July 2022

Many options are available for street tree inventories to meet the unique needs and budgets of most municipalities. Goals and objectives must be clearly defined, type and longevity of inventory decided on, and data collection specifications clearly developed. The purpose and size of the inventory will determine whether to computerize the information. Available options are outlined and discussed.
Effects of Simulated Acid Rain, Ozone, and Sulfur Dioxide on Suitability of Elms for Elm Leaf Beetle
Authors: Hall Richard , Barger Jack , Townsend Alden
Published: July 2022

Cuttings from two clonally propagated elm hybrids ('Pioneer' and 'Homestead') were treated with ozone (03), sulfur dioxide (S02), simulated acid rain or left untreated. Fumigants were applied 7 hours per day, 5 days per week for 9 weeks in open-top chambers. Fumigation treatments were: 0.1 ppm 03, 0.2 ppm S02, 0.1 ppm 03 plus 0.2 ppm SO, and charcoal filtered air. An acid rain treatment (pH 4.0) of ca. 1.27 cm was made weekly in rain simulation chambers. Elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Muller), were fed foliage harvested from trees subjected to the treatment combinations. Oviposition and mortality of beetles were examined. Significantly fewer eggs were laid on 'Pioneer' elm than on 'Homestead' elm. Fumigation treatments had little direct effect on preoviposition period and fecundity. However, beetles fed acid rain treated foliage laid significantly fewer eggs than beetles fed foliage not treated with acid rain. Beetle mortality was not affected by any of the treatment combinations tested.
Community Forestry Initiatives
Authors: Duntemann Mark , Gargrave Thomas , Andresen John
Published: July 2022

Thirty-seven municipal governments of the northern Illinois Little Calumet Watershed (LCW) consortium have joined to promote a unified urban forestry program. A combination of business and bedroom communities, LCW includes 132,975 acres and is populated by 541,200 urbanites. In concert with the urban forestry components of the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, the State of Illinois Department of Conservation, and the University of Illinois, the municipalities have, in 1987, started a number of community forestry educational and outreach programs. Led by the provisional LCW Urban Forestry Council, the consortium, headquartered in Chicago Heights, is now computerizing initial, municipal tree inventories. Ordinances which shall enhance the conservation and planting of community owned trees are also in preparation. In addition the Council is promoting Tree City USA initiatives and formulating urban forest management plans.
Treatment of Pitch Canker on Monterey Pine with Fungisol Injection
Authors: Tjosvold Steven , McCain Arthur
Published: July 2022

Fungisol injections into mature Monterey pines with pitch canker, caused by Fusarium subglutinans, failed to eradicate pre-existing branch infections and did not prevent disease when trees were artificially inoculated or infected naturally.
State Government Involvement in Community Forestry: A Survey
Authors: Casey Cynthia , Miller Robert
Published: July 2022

State government involvement in community forestry varies from state to state. A survey sent to each state's Chief Forester provides information on community forestry assistance programs. Many programs are limited in scope, yet nearly all provide insect and disease control assistance, Arbor Day information and promotion, technical tree care assistance, and public information and education. Most programs are technical rather than financial in nature; however, sixteen states administer Federal Cooperative Forestry Assistance grants to communities, and five states provide financial assistance from state monies. Most programs are financed through combined state and federal funding, although eleven states rely on federal funding exclusively. Thirty-two state programs are administered by Urban Foresters or similar specialists. Budget and staffing limitations are cited by twenty states as major program obstacles. Despite limitations, expansion of services is predicted by twenty-seven states.
The Effect of Fertilizer Treatment on Ozone Response and Growth of Eastern White Pine
Authors: Eberhardt J.C. , Brennan E. , Kuser J.
Published: July 2022

Potted eastern white pine seedlings treated with four rates of 20-20-20 fertilizer were grown at a site in central New Jersey that is exposed to elevated levels of ambient ozone pollution. Symptoms of ozone toxicity did not develop on the conifer and growth of white pine was not reduced by ozone pollution. The recommended rate of fertilizer application was optimum for Eastern white pine. The omission of fertilizer and one-half the recommended fertilizer generally led to chlorosis, relatively short candles and low vigor. Doubling the recommended fertilizer rate led to shorter candles and toxicity symptoms on the needles.
An Urban Forest Integrated Pest Management Program for Gyspy Moth: An Example
Authors: Ticehurst Mark , Finley Stuart
Published: July 2022

An integrated pest management program for gypsy moth was designed, implemented, and evaluated in the urban forested community of Lake Barcroft, Falls Church, VA. The objectives of the program were to reduce or prevent defoliation, tree mortality, and nuisance associated with dense populations of gypsy moth. Intensive surveys of larvae, pupae, adult males, and egg masses were evaluated in 100 sites. Further evaluations were made of eggs per mass, egg viability, parasitism of eggs, larvae, and pupae, sex ratio of pupae, and tree susceptibility to infestation and defoliation. Bacillus thuringiensis and Luretape® were selectively applied. The larval parasites, Cotesia melanoscelus and Glyptapanteles flavicoxis were released throughout the Program area. The objectives were achieved. The cost was approximately $20. per residential lot per year.
Preservation of a Large Chinese Banyan on a Construction Site
Authors: Jim C.Y.
Published: July 2022

Trees on buildings sites are routinely damaged or felled in Hong Kong due to negligence and lax control. In an unprecidented move, the government required the developer of a large well-wooded lot to retain one large Chinese Banyan(Fiscus microcarpa)tree and take necessary measures to ensure its long-term survival. The size, fine condition, species rarity, longevity and setting justify its preservation. Great costs (about US$120,000) was needed mainly to construct a 18 m diameter and 10m deep reinforced concrete planter in site above five stories of shops and carparks. Routine arboricultural inputs, such as phased pruning of crown and roots, installation of aeration and irrigation facilities, and fertilization, are prescribed. Special precautions, including regular monitoring of watering and fertilization to minimize risks of physiological stresses, are justified in view of the costly preservation.
Effect of Environment, Tree Size and Presence of Wetwood Symptoms on Injectability of American Elm
Authors: Stack Robert W.
Published: July 2022

During 1981 and 1982, 134 large elm trees growing on a college campus in Fargo, ND were injected with Arbotect for protection against Dutch Elm Disease. Chemical was applied at the “Minnesota 3X” rate using standard Elm Research Institute injection apparatus. Records were kept for tree size, condition, and wetwood symptoms and for amount of chemical applied and time required for uptake. Weather records were also compared. Findings for both years were similar. Time per tree for a full dose wasnearly constant fortrees of all sizes (25 cm to 95 cm diam). Individual trees were quite variable, the extreme cases differing six-fold. Injections on cool, cloudy or rainy days took longest and those on warm sunny days took least time. Presence of wetwood symptoms on the tree did not correlate with injectability.
Evaluation of Summer Oil Spray on Amenity Plants
Authors: Baxendale R.W. , Johnson W.T.
Published: July 2022

Scattered but persistent questions concerning the pesticidal efficacy and potential phytotoxicity of horticultural oils applied to woody and herbaceous plants in verdant condition prompted a continuing evaluation of the superior oil product Sunspray 6E. Fifty-one species commonly grown as ornamentals were evaluated for foliar phytotoxicity and efficacy against a wide range of arthropod pests. Treatment with 3% oil proved to be highly effective against aphid, scale, mite and other pest infestations. Phytotoxicity was limited to certain species of deciduous nut trees.
Soil and Tree Resource Inventories for Campus Landscapes
Authors: Kelsey P.D. , Hootman R.G.
Published: July 2022

A soil resource and tree inventory of the Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois campus was undertaken to develop management strategies for maintaining mature oak groves in an urbanized environment. The inventory used biological, physical, and chemical methods to evaluate the campus landscape. This integrative approach provides a comprehensive landscape evaluation as the basis for long range planning.
Closure of Branch Pruning Wounds with Conventional and 'Shigo' Cuts
Authors: Neely Dan
Published: July 2022

Closure rates on pruning cuts through the branch collar (conventional) and away from the branch collar ('Shigo') were compared on Quercus palustris, Platanus occidentalis, and Acer platanoides for 4 years. The severed branches (4 per tree, 10 trees per species per year) were 25 to 35 mm in diameter. Depending on species, 'Shigo'-cut wounds were 4 to 6 percent wider than the diameter of the branch; conventional-cut wounds were 32 to 51 percent wider. Wound calluses around conventional cuts grew much faster than calluses around 'Shigo' cuts (14.8 vs. 8.1 mm the first year, 17.8 vs. 12.6 mm the second year). After one growing season the amount of wood exposed on conventional and 'Shigo' branch wounds was approximately equal even though the conventional cuts were originally much larger. After the second growing season, more conventional cuts than 'Shigo' cuts were fully closed.
Significance of Root Severance on Performance of Established Trees
Authors: Hamilton W. Douglas
Published: July 2022

There are many factors to consider when severing the roots of established trees. Factors governing root growth are discussed. Acceptable survival following severe root severance is interdependent with the condition of the top. It is important to know the location of various kinds of roots—large lateral, sinker, heart, non-woody. Key factors to successful results from severe root-pruning include: a tree species with adequate vigor, adequate moisture in the root area, healthy carbohydrate reserves, proper timing in climates with temperature extremes and knowing how to judge a tree that should not be severely root pruned. Many landscape trees appear to have a wide tolerance to root removal.
Estudio especial de la reserva como técnica urbanística al servicio de la política de vivienda
Authors:   Universitat Politècnica de València, Palmero Iglesias Luis , Muñoz Pérez David ,   Universidad Católica de Valencia, Marí Farinós Jesús
Published: July 2022

La reforma de la Ley del Suelo de 1980 y el Texto Refundido de 1992 introducen la técnica de la reserva de suelo como mecanismo de apoyo a la vivienda protegida.En principio,se trata de una solución asociada la configuración de la vivienda protegida como tipología de uso que permite calificar terrenos con este destino La segregación de una parte del suelo para destinarlo a viviendas protegidas en cierta forma significaba entronizar directamente desde el mismo planeamiento urbanístico, operaciones de vivienda, como lo habían sido históricamente las ciudades satélites de casas baratas, los poblados dirigidos, y los Polígonos Residenciales del INV, que se han examinado La obra, pretende analizar cómo la norma urbanística de aplicación, busca garantizar un mínimo del uso residencial generado en cada programa de desarrollo urbanístico destinado a viviendas de protección pública. Por ello, no se trata ya, al menos únicamente, de una medida de calificación directa de la vivienda o del bien, sino una garantía abstracta dirigida a reequilibrar un descompensado mercado de la vivienda en relación con los países de nuestro entorno
Geospatial integration in mapping pre-Hispanic settlements within Aztec empire limits
Authors: Miranda-Gómez Raúl , Cabadas-Báez Héctor V. , Antonio-Némiga Xanat , Dávila-Hernández Norma
Published: July 2022

Mexico’s vast archaeological research tradition has increased with the use of remote sensing technologies; however, this recent approach is still costly in emerging market economies. In addition, the scales of prospection, landscape, and violence affect the type of research that heritage-culture ministries and universities can conduct. In Central Mexico, researchers have studied the pre-Hispanic Settlement Pattern during the Mesoamerican Postclassic (900-1521 AD) within the scope of the Aztec Empire and its conquests. There are settlements indications before and during the rule of the central empire, but the evidence is difficult to identify, particularly in the southwest of the capital, in the transition between the Lerma and Balsas River basins and their political-geographical complexities. This research focuses on a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based processing of multiple source data, the potential prospection of archaeological sites based on spatial data integration from Sentinel-2 optical sensors, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and field validation. What is revealed is the relationship between terrain morphologies and anthropic modifications. A binary map expresses possible archaeological remnants as a percentage; NDVI pixels and the morphometry values were associated with anthropic features (meso-reliefs with a tendency to regular geometries: slope, orientation, and roughness index); they were then interpreted as probable archaeological evidence. Within archaeological fieldwork, with limited resources (time, funding and staff), this approach proposes a robust method that can be replicated in other mountainous landscapes that are densely covered by vegetation.
FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEPATUHAN PASIEN HIPERTENSI DALAM MINUM OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI YANG BEROBAT DI KLINIK PKU MUHAMMADIYAH DUKUN
Authors: Mansyur Mohammad , Suminar Ervi
Published: July 2022

AbstrakHipertensi adalah penyakit degeneratif yang saat ini menjadi masalah serius dan sulit untuk dideteksi jika tidak dilakukanpemeriksaan secara rutin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor–faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhanpasien hipertensi dalam mengonsumsi obat antihipertensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dengan pendekatanCrosssectional. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 58 responden dengan cara acidental sampling. Pengukurankepatuhan mengonsumsi obat dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner MMAS (Modified Morisky Adherence Scale).Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendidikan dan dukugan keluarga yang paling menunjukkan hubungan dengannilai p velue 0,00. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa jenis kelamin dan pekerjaan, tidak ada hubungannya dengankepatuhan pasien hipertensi dalam minum obat antihipertensi. Sedangkan faktor yang paling dominan adalah tingkatpendidikan dan dukungan keluarga.Kata kunci : Hipertensi; Kepatuhan Minum Obat; MMAS
Virgin Plastic Pellets May Cause Toxic Effects to Embryos of the Sand Dollar Mellita quinquiesperforata: a Preliminary Study
Authors: França Letícia Albanit , Izar Mendes Gabriel , Teixeira Gimiliani Giovana , Abessa Denis Moledo de Sousa
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to determine the toxicity of different virgin plastic pellets (Polypropylene with and without additive, Polyethylene and Polystyrene) on embryos of the sand dollar Mellita quinquiesperforata. Toxicity tests were carried out with each pellet’s type. Adult individuals were collected at Itararé Beach (São Vicente, SP, Brazil) and gametes were obtained by osmotic induction. Elutriates (200 ml of each pellet type in 800ml filtered seawater, agitated for 5 min and kept equilibrating for 10 days) were prepared. The tests were conducted in glass test tubes, with 4 replicates per treatment. The results were analysed by the generalized mixed model with Negative Binomial distribution (p ≤ 0.05). Ratio Rate (RR) was calculated, to determine significant differences of the abnormal larval development between treatments and control (AIC = 548.9; X2 = 126; p < 0.001). All pellets’ elutriates induced significant toxicity, and the presence of abnormal larvae was 3 to 4 times higher than in the control (RR = 3.13 - 4.06). Our results demonstrate that virgin pellets represent a potential threat for Mellita quinquiesperforata larvae.
The development of universities of technology in the higher education landscape in South Africa
Authors:   , Perumal Richard Isiah
Published: July 2022

To face the challenges of the 21st century, institutions need to address problems experienced by the modern world. The nature of modern work is changing and continually increasing, with knowledge, information and education. As we move further into the information and knowledge age, the workforce will require sophisticated education and training to sustain competitiveness and responsible development. In response to this challenge the DOE restructured Higher Education to make it relevant to the needs of society and industry. In terms of the National Plan Higher Education (2001) many Technikons were either converted to Universities of Technology (UOT) or merged into universities and became Comprehensive Universities. The Traditional University made up the third type of university. As a result three distinct types of institutions emerged, namely UOTs, Comprehensive Universities and Traditional Universities. In this configuration previous Technikons were reclassified as a UOTs and were able to offer degrees also. This research studied the development of UoTs and its evolution to “University” status. After being classified as Universities of Technology, it soon became clear that these universities lacked a philosophy. Its attributes were not clearly formulated by the DOE. It was left largely to the UoTs in South Africa to develop a set of attributes. This study developed an underlying philosophy, attributes, and performance indicators to guide the strategic direction and development of UoTs in creating a unique personality for itself. Five universities were studied in UK, Germany and Switzerland to develop a set of characteristics/attributes and performance indicators that can be adopted in South Africa. Five local UoTs were also studied, together with the South African Technological Network in building a set of common attributes. A Balanced Score Card was designed as a management model. Each attribute was linked to drivers and each driver was linked to performance indicators. The model included the various perspectives and components, which illustrated the interaction and cause and effect relationships. The philosophy of a Learning Organisation was adopted and its principals underpinned the interaction and relationships. This model will ensure that South African UoTs are able to comply with both national and international benchmarks. UoTs pride themselves by ensuring that they produce and apply knowledge to solve real world problems. These universities see themselves as part of the greater society and therefore partnerships are critical to its functioning. Technology transfer and leadership in technology is a key strategic goal in determining its unique position in the Higher Education landscape. The Balanced Score Card was used to develop a management model which is a tool in establishing a UoT with benchmarks, performance indicators and drivers.
Student enrolment planning in public higher education : a South African case study
Authors:   , Pillay Thirumurthie Shunmugham
Published: July 2022

In South Africa, the transformation of public higher education has placed much emphasis on the accountability and performance of individual institutions. Various indicators are used to assess institutional performance, as is the case internationally. Examples of such indicators include teaching and learning, research outputs, graduate employability, financial sustainability and productivity and the use of resources. This case study which is predominantly qualitative, examined: i) Performance by a selected South African University of Technology, the Durban University of Technology (DUT), in specific performance indicators as determined by policy on student enrolment planning. Student enrolment planning is an important strategy adopted by government to address a number of distortions in the higher education system which had been developed over a number of years within the ideology of apartheid. ii) The measures taken by the institution to give effect to the policy. The case study utilised multiple methods of data collection within three units of analysis. The three units of analysis of the case are: Unit of analysis One: The practices used at the DUT for marketing, student recruitment, student selection and admission to achieve the input indicators of the student enrolment plan. Unit of analysis Two: implementation strategies for meeting the output (success) indicators of the plan. Unit of analysis Three: The problem of low student retention. The original contribution made by this research study is that it provides detailed insight into the implementation of policy of student enrolment planning, using the Durban University of Technology as an example. In so doing, the researcher has identified critical areas that impact on student enrolment planning in South Africa, as well as specific weaknesses in the implementation of the policy at the DUT. A part of the study’s findings is that the DUT is well–placed to meet the performance indicators of the enrolment plan. However, the addressing of weaknesses in the areas of student selection, marketing and recruitment could improve the DUT’s ability to exert more influence over its enrolments. The study determined that the problem of low student retention is a factor that threatens the DUT’s throughput and graduation rates. Broad and specific recommendations are made for implementation, including the adoption of the organisational framework of enrolment management supported by institutional research.
Consumer behaviour in the football boot industry
Authors:   , Dettmann Emanuel
Published: July 2022

Football boot manufacturers can have an advantage over their competitors if they gain knowledge about the purchase decision-making process of their consumers. It is significant that marketers understand the important criteria of a consumer’s purchase decision. This study aimed to investigate consumer behaviour in the football boot industry, to support football boot manufacturers with information of the purchasing behaviour of their consumers in order to establish product development and novel marketing strategies. The objective of the study was to identify expectations of survey respondents in terms of the factors which influence their purchasing behaviour of football boots in the federal state of Bavaria in Germany. In order to accomplish the objectives of the study, a quantitative study was conducted by means of self-administered questionnaires. A sample of 400 questionnaires was administered. The respondents were purposively selected. Conclusions and recommendations were thereafter drawn from the literature and the findings of the study. The results showed that quality and brand names were the major influential factors in the purchase decision. Adidas was the most popular brand, followed by Nike and Puma. Citing satisfaction with their purchases, consumers were brand loyal and repeated purchases occurred. The research recommended that football boot manufacturers need to invest constantly in its development and quality management program in order to meet consumers’ expectations and international standards.
The influence of marketing communication on students' decisions to enrol at Durban University of Technology
Authors:   , Redmond Portia Helen
Published: July 2022

Marketing communication strategies are now imperative in the Higher Education arena. Understanding the prospective students’ choice and determining the subgroups into which they fall, provides the basis for a well-planned strategy for marketing communications practitioners at Durban University of Technology (DUT). The purpose of this study is to review the effectiveness of the current marketing communication strategies of DUT, and to establish how first time enrolees make choices when selecting a Higher Education institution at which to study. This study uses quantitative descriptive methods of convenience sampling of the January 2009 intake of students. Although specific to DUT, the findings of this study may also be of interest to other Universities of Technology that are assessing their marketing communication strategies. Research implications in this study identify the most appropriate means of marketing communications for the DUT brand in the context of prospective student choice. At the close of this cross-sectional research, the study provides proposals for future marketing initiatives for DUT. The results of the study may be used in determining more appropriate marketing campaign strategies and initiatives to establish DUT as a first choice brand in our competitive arena. The value of this study is that it supports the opinion that the focus of marketing communication strategies must continually be modified in response to a changing market.
Service quality at Varsity Colleges in Durban North and Westville : students' perceptions
Authors:   , Devnarrian Pravesh
Published: July 2022

Customer satisfaction, customer value and service quality have become the primary focus of service organisations in today’s customer era. The higher education industry is no different. As higher education institutions strive for competitive advantage, customer service and service quality are becoming driving forces. Today, service quality is recognized as one of the most important factors in developing and maintaining successful relationships. Superior service quality leads to enhanced customer satisfaction and increased loyalty. Institutions that focus on superior quality service can enjoy a distinctive competitive edge since improved levels of service quality are linked to higher revenues, higher customer retention and increased market shares. The aim of this research study was to evaluate customer service quality at Varsity Colleges in Westville and Durban North. The SERVQUAL questionnaire was used as the instrument to measure students’ expectations and perceptions according to five quality dimensions. Four hundred and fifty one respondents were selected from the two campuses using non-probability sampling and convenience sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyse the data. Conclusions and recommendations were made from the findings of the research study. The study revealed that students’ expectations of service quality exceeded their perceptions on the five service quality dimensions used in the SERVQUAL questionnaire. Improvements are necessary in certain dimensions of service quality. In order to improve service quality, it is recommended that Varsity Colleges close these gaps by ensuring that apt strategies are put into place in order to improve service quality.
MANAGING BOUNDARIES AND MULTIPLE RELATIONSHIPS IN COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: Amaglo Dr Emmanuel
Published: July 2022

This paper discusses boundaries and multiple relationships in Counselling and Psychotherapy.  Boundary- crossing is a departure from commonly accepted practices that could potentially benefit clients; a boundary violation is a serious breach that results in harm to clients and is therefore unethical.  In addition the paper illustrates the unique ethics of multiple relationships, differing Perspectives on multiple relationships.  Legal perspective on multiple relationships and factors to Consider before entering into a multiple relationship. The legal implications pertaining to dual relationships depend on the nature of the relationship and whether the client suffers harm. The terms dual relationships and multiple relationships are used interchangeably in various professional codes of ethics, codes provide some general guidelines, good judgment, the willingness to reflect on one's practices, and being aware of one's motivations are critical dimensions of an ethical practitioner. The ACA (2005) uses the term nonprofessional relationships. In this article the broader term of multiple relationships was used to encompass both dual relationships and nonprofessional relationships.  To promote the well-being of clients, clinicians are challenged with balancing their own values and life experiences with ethics codes as they make choices regarding how to best help their clients.

 Keywords: Managing Boundaries, Multiple Relationships, and Boundary violation, Boundary Crossing, Counselling and Psychotherapy.
Moderasi Beragama Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Waroh Muna
Published: July 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat urgensi moderasi umat beragama untuk dipelajari dan disampaikan kepada masyarakat Indonesia. Mengingat mayoritas masyarakat Indonesia beragama Islam, selain itu masyarakat muslim juga berdampingan dengan non muslim. Tentu hal ini sangat diperlukan tentang ilmu moderasi beragama, guna memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat. Adapun metode yang digunakan yakni pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini akan menunjukkan upaya dari pemerintah dalam meningkatkan moderasi umat beragama di Indonesia dengan mencari sebuah solusi dalam mencegah adanya konflik dan perpecahan di masyarakat pada masa pandemi saat ini, sehingga diharapkan masyarakat Indonesia dapat saling bertoleransi antar umat beragama.

Kata Kunci: Moderasi Beragama, Covid 19
El misterio del mal en Tomás de Aquino
Authors: Saranyana Josep-Ignasi
Published: July 2022

El tema del mal exige un análisis especulativo de grandes vuelos, en el que no sólo se implican cuestiones metafísicas, sino también epistemológicas. Santo Tomás hizo lo que pudo, en los tres momentos (todos en la década de los sesenta) en que abordó directamente el asunto. Su conclusión, dándole la vuelta a la formulación boeciana, fue que, “si el mal existe, es que Dios existe”. Tal salida postula que el bien es una propiedad trascendental, y que el mal no es nada, es sólo privación de un bien debido. Como es sabido, el bien, entendido como trascendental, supone una relación intencional. Cuando el ser se ofrece a la mirada del intelecto, éste advierte que es verdadero. Cuando la voluntad lo advierte, descubre que es apetecible, porque es bueno. El problema sigue, sin embargo, y desemboca en la paradoja existencial, que según Carlos Cardona suena así: “el mal no es, pero existe”. Por eso, Cardona señala que el mal no es cognoscible y que sólo sabemos qué es el mal, porque Dios nos garantiza el acceso a su noción, si se puede hablar así. Sería una forma radical de reformular la solución tomasiana: si el mal existe, es que Dios existe.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA PADA MATERI LISTRIK DINAMIS MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF TIPE TALKING STICK SISWA KELAS IX.2 MTSN 5 SOLOK SELATAN
Authors: FATIMAH FATIMAH
Published: July 2022

Students The purpose of this classroom action research is to improve the science learning outcomes of class IX.2 students in Semester I at MTsN 5 Solok Selatan. This type of research is action research with two rounds. Each round goes through stages, namely: planning, implementation, data collection, and reflection. The research subjects were students of class IX.2 in Semester I at MTsN 5 Solok Selatan with 33 students and teachers in charge of these subjects. The data obtained in the form of formative test results and observation sheets of teaching and learning activities. From the results of classroom action research that has been carried out on class IX.2 students in Semester I at MTsN 5 Solok Selatan about the application of the Talking Stick learning model in the learning process IPA student class IX.2 in Semester at MTsN 5 Solok Selatan 2019/2020 academic year. So it can be concluded that learning achievement which is also a manifestation of student process skills in learning in class IX.2 students shows that from 33 students in the first cycle, 45% mastery increases in the second cycle to 88%. Based on the results of cycle I and cycle II, it can be concluded that the Talking Stick learning model can improve students' science learning outcomes. The application of the Talking Stick learning model can improve students' science learning outcomes. The number of students who achieved completeness in two cycles carried out in accordance with the KKM was determined by the achievement, which was 88%.
ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IX.2 pada Semester I di MTsN 5 Solok Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan (action research) sebanyak dua putaran. Setiap putaran melalui tahap yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengumpulan data, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IX.2 pada Semester I di MTsN 5 Solok Selatan dengan jumlah siswa 33 dan guru yang mengampu mata pelajaran tersebut. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tes formatif dan lembar observasi kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dari hasil penelitian tindakan kelas yang telah dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas IX.2 pada Semester I di MTsN 5 Solok Selatan tentang penerapan model pembelajaran Talking Stick dalam proses pelajaran IPA siawa kelas IX.2 pada Semester di MTsN 5 Solok Selatan Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Maka dapat disimpulkan prestasi belajar yang juga merupakan perwujudan dari keterampilan proses siswa dalam belajar pada siswa kelas IX.2 menunjukkan dari 33 siswa pada siklus I ketuntansan 45% meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 88%. Berdasarkan hasil siklus I dan siklus II tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Talking Stick dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa. Penerapan model pembelajaran Talking Stick dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa. Jumlah siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan pada dua siklus yang dilaksanakan sesuai dengan KKM ditetapkan dengan pencapaian, yaitu 88%.
Statistical approach to assess radon-222 long-range atmospheric transport modelling and its associated gamma dose rate peaks
Authors: Quérel Arnaud , Meddouni Khadija , Quélo Denis , Doursout Thierry , Chuzel Sonia
Published: July 2022

Abstract. There is a need for a validation framework for long-range atmospheric transport modelling dedicated to radionuclides. For distances greater than 50 km, the modelling of radionuclide deposition and ambient gamma dose rate evaluation are particularly difficult to validate, since it has been mainly only observed after the accidents of Chernobyl and Fukushima. There is however a natural wet deposition phenomenon leading to numerous well-observed gamma dose rate events: the scavenging of radon-222 progeny by rain. Radon-222 exhalation from the soil to the atmosphere, its decay, its progeny, its own transport, the transport of its progeny, their deposition, and the consequent ambient gamma dose rate are then modelled at the European scale. This whole atmospheric radon model from soil (exhalation) to soil (deposition) needs to be validated by comparison with observations. The biggest benefit of this case study is the number of events that serve as a comparison. For a statistical evaluation of the performance of the model, we compared its results with gamma dose rate observations over a period of two years, gathering more than 15 000 peaks greater than 10 nSv h−1 above the background radiation. Two sets of metrics were used to assess the agreement between the model and observations: on a case by case basis (peak to peak) and continuously (whole time series of gamma dose rates and air concentrations). Particular attention was paid to defining the metrics in order to remove the background radiation level and to exclude outlier stations. We found that 48 % of the gamma dose rate peaks are well modelled, a fraction of which can rise up to 89 % by being more tolerant with the success criteria. The model has proven to be of the correct magnitude, with room for substantial improvement. Overall, the modelling shows better recall than precision: i.e. a tendency to produce more false positives than false negatives. It is also less effective in reproducing the highest peaks. Exhalation, vertical mixing and deposition have been identified as the three main features which could improve this model. Now validated, with all its limitations, the atmospheric radon model may serve for its primary purpose, the validation of atmospheric transport modelling and its input data. It also may serve as a framework to test any exhalation model on a national or continental scale. Moreover, it is useful to learn how to properly use the data of an ambient gamma dose rate network, and how to compare this data to modelled data. Finally, some interesting features concerning the assessment of outdoor concentrations of radon-222 became apparent.
A quadcopter unmanned aerial system (UAS)-based methodology for measuring biomass burning emission factors
Authors: Vernooij Roland , Winiger Patrik , Wooster Martin , Strydom Tercia , Poulain Laurent , Dusek Ulrike , Grosvenor Mark , Roberts Gareth J. , Schutgens Nick , van der Werf Guido R.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) emits large quantities of greenhouse gases (GHG) and aerosols that impact the climate and adversely affect human health. Although much research has focused on quantifying BB emissions on regional to global scales, field measurements of BB emission factors (EFs) are sparse, clustered and indicate high spatio-temporal variability. EFs are generally calculated from ground or aeroplane measurements with respective potential biases towards smouldering or flaming combustion products. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have the potential to measure BB EFs in fresh smoke, targeting different parts of the plume at
relatively low cost. We propose a light-weight UAS-based method to measure
EFs for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O) as well as PM2.5 (TSI Sidepak AM520) and
equivalent black carbon (eBC, microAeth AE51) using a combination of a
sampling system with Tedlar bags which can be analysed on the ground and
with airborne aerosol sensors. In this study, we address the main challenges
associated with this approach: (1) the degree to which a limited number of
samples is representative for the integral smoke plume and (2) the performance of the lightweight aerosol sensors. While aerosol measurements
can be made continuously in a UAS set-up thanks to the lightweight
analysers, the representativeness of our Tedlar bag filling approach was
tested during prescribed burning experiments in the Kruger National Park,
South Africa. We compared fire-averaged EFs from UAS-sampled bags for
savanna fires with integrated EFs from co-located mast measurements. Both
measurements matched reasonably well with linear R2 ranging from 0.81
to 0.94. Both aerosol sensors are not factory calibrated for BB particles
and therefore require additional calibration. In a series of smoke chamber
experiments, we compared the lightweight sensors with high-fidelity equipment
to empirically determine specific calibration factors (CF) for measuring BB
particles. For the PM mass concentration from a TSI Sidepak AM520, we found
an optimal CF of 0.27, using a scanning mobility particle sizer and
gravimetric reference methods, although the CF varied for different
vegetation fuel types. Measurements of eBC from the Aethlabs AE51
aethalometer agreed well with the multi-wavelength aethalometer (AE33)
(linear R2 of 0.95 at λ=880 nm) and the wavelength
corrected multi-angle absorption photometer (MAAP, R2 of 0.83 measuring at λ=637 nm). However, the high variability in observed BB mass absorption cross-section (MAC) values (5.2±5.1 m2 g−1) suggested re-calibration may be required for individual fires. Overall, our results indicate that the proposed UAS set-up can obtain representative BB
EFs for individual savanna fires if proper correction factors are applied
and operating limitations are well understood.
Interannual variabilities, long-term trends, and regulating factors of low-oxygen conditions in the coastal waters off Hong Kong
Authors: Chen Zheng , Wang Bin , Xu Chuang , Zhang Zhongren , Li Shiyu , Hu Jiatang
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The summertime low-oxygen conditions in the Pearl River
Estuary (PRE) have experienced a significant spatial expansion associated with notable deoxygenation in recent decades. Nevertheless, there
is still a lack of quantitative data on the long-term trends and
interannual variabilities in oxygen conditions in the PRE as well as on the
driving factors. Therefore, the long-term deoxygenation in a subregion of
the PRE (the coastal waters off Hong Kong) was comprehensively investigated
in this study using monthly observations during 1994–2018. To evaluate the
changes in scope and intensity of oxygen conditions, an indicator (defined
as the low-oxygen index, LOI) that integrates several metrics related to
low-oxygen conditions was introduced as the result of a principal component
analysis (PCA). Moreover, primary physical and biogeochemical factors
controlling the interannual variabilities and long-term trends in oxygen
conditions were discerned, and their relative contributions were quantified
by multiple regression analysis. Results showed that the regression
models explained over 60 % of the interannual variations in LOI. Both the
wind speeds and concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) played
a significant role in determining the interannual variations (by 39 % and
49 %, respectively) and long-term trends (by 39 % and 56 %,
respectively) in LOI. Due to the increasing nutrient loads and alterations
in physical conditions (e.g., the long-term decreasing trend in wind speeds),
coastal eutrophication was exaggerated and massive marine-sourced organic
matter was subsequently produced, thereby resulting in an expansion of
intensified low-oxygen conditions. The deteriorating eutrophication has also
driven a shift in the dominant source of organic matter from terrestrial
inputs to in situ primary production, which has probably led to an earlier
onset of hypoxia in summer. In summary, the Hong Kong waters have undergone
considerable deterioration of low-oxygen conditions driven by substantial
changes in anthropogenic eutrophication and external physical factors.
A morphotectonic approach to the study of earthquakes in Rome
Authors: Marra Fabrizio , Frepoli Alberto , Gioia Dario , Schiattarella Marcello , Tertulliani Andrea , Bini Monica , De Luca Gaetano , Luppichini Marco
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Rome has the world's longest historical record of felt earthquakes, with
more than 100 events during the last 2600 years. However, no destructive
earthquake has been reported in the sources, and all of the greatest damage
suffered in the past has been attributed to far-field events. While this
fact suggests that a moderate seismotectonic regime characterizes the Roman
area, no study has provided a comprehensive explanation for the lack of
strong earthquakes in the region. Through the analysis of the focal
mechanism and the morphostructural setting of the epicentral area of a
“typical” moderate earthquake (Ml= 3.3) that recently occurred in the
northern urban area of Rome, we demonstrate that this event reactivated a
buried segment of an ancient fault generated under both a different and a
stronger tectonic regime than that which is presently active. We also show
that the evident structural control over the drainage network in this area
reflects an extreme degree of fragmentation of a set of buried faults
generated under two competing stress fields throughout the Pleistocene.
Small faults and a present-day weaker tectonic regime with respect to that
acting during the Pleistocene might explain the lack of strong seismicity in
the long historical record, suggesting that a large earthquake is not likely
to occur.
İlkokul öğretmenleri covid-19 pandemi deneyimlerine dayalı olarak uzaktan eğitim ve yüz yüze eğitimi nasıl karşılaştırıyorlar?
Authors: BALOĞLU Eren , FIRAT Mehmet
Published: July 2022

Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde İlkokul öğretmenleri uzaktan eğitime acil bir geçiş yaşamış ve çeşitli güçlüklerle yüzleşmişlerdir. Bu da öğretmenlerin hem uzaktan eğitime hem de yüz yüze eğitime ilişkin algılarında değişim yaratmıştır. Öğretmenlerin yüz-yüze ve uzaktan eğitim süreçlerine ilişkin algılarının karşılaştırılması her iki eğitim biçiminin ilköğretim düzeyinde avantaj ve sınırlılıklarını ortaya çıkarmak açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu araştırmada İlkokul öğretmenlerinin Covid-19 pandemi deneyimleriyle uzaktan eğitim ve yüz-yüze eğitimi nasıl karşılaştırdıklarını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.
Can simidi mi kâbus mu? Ebeveynler acil uzaktan eğitim hakkında ne düşünüyor?
Authors: BAĞRIACIK YILMAZ Ayşe , ÖZCAN Seher
Published: July 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ebeveynlerin Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde gerçekleştirilen acil uzaktan eğitime yönelik algı ve görüşlerini belirlemektir. Bu doğrultuda ebeveynlerin metaforik algıları ile acil uzaktan eğitim hakkındaki olumlu ve olumsuz düşünceleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması ve fenemenoloji desenleri temelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubunu birçok farklı meslek, eğitim seviyesi ve şehirden 57 ebeveyn oluşturmuştur. Veriler metaforik algı formu ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi sonucunda, velilerin acil uzaktan eğitime yönelik hem olumlu hem olumsuz algılarının var olduğu saptanmıştır. Bazı veliler acil uzaktan eğitimi can simidi, kurtarıcı gibi olumlu metaforlarla tanımlarken bazıları ise bu kavramı kâbus, işkence gibi olumsuz metaforlarla tanımlamıştır. Acil uzaktan eğitimin, duyuşsal, öğretimsel, teknik, sağlıkla ilgili, etkileşimsel, özel hayatla ilgili, çalışan ebeveynlerin zorlanması ile ilgili birçok olumsuz etkisi olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Olumlu etkiler ise öğretimsel, etkileşim, tasarruf, sağlık, esneklik, kişisel gelişim, duyuşsal etkiler ve diğer olumlu etkiler olmak üzere kategorilendirilmiştir.