bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multivariate Regression Model for Predicting the 28days Flexural Strength of Lime-Cement Concrete Beam
Authors: Awodiji Chioma T.G. , Sule Samuel
Published: December 2021

In this study, a multivariate regression model for predicting the 28days flexural strength of lime-cement concrete prototype beam was developed. The response function is a multivariate function of the proportions of the component materials of concrete. A total of twenty mix ratios, consisting of water, Portland cement, hydrated lime, river sand and granite chipping were used in the prediction process. The first ten mix ratios were used for model development while the remaining ten mix ratios were used as check points for model validation. The model developed was tested for adequacy at 95% level of confidence using the t-statistic. Calculated t-value was -1.3342 and this was less than the critical t-value of 2.2622. Thus, the model was found to be adequate. An average percentage difference of 14.303% was observed between the model prediction and the experimental values. A visual basic program using the Visual studio 2015 software was developed based on the regression model. It was invoked to quicken the process of selecting the mix ratios of the component materials corresponding to any desired flexural strength value that falls within the region of experimentation and vice versa Keywords— Concrete , flexural strength, multivariate regression model, response function.
An Improved Hybrid Micro-Grid Load Frequency Control Scheme for an Autonomous System
Authors: Abdulwahab Ibrahim , Faskari Shehu A. , Belgore Talatu A. , Babaita Taiwo A.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an improved hybrid micro-grid load frequency control scheme for an autonomous system. The micro-grid system comprises of renewable and non-renewable energy-based Power Generating Units (PGU) which consist of Solar Photovoltaic, WT Generator, Solar Thermal Power Generator, Diesel Engine Generator, Fuel Cell (FC) with Aqua Electrolizer (AE). However, power produce from renewable sources in microgrid are intermittent in supply, hence make it difficult to maintain power balance between generated power and demand. Therefore, Battery energy storage system, ultra-capacitor and flywheel energy storage systems make up the energy storage units. These separate units are selected and combined to form two different scenarios in this study.  This approach mitigates frequency fluctuations during disturbances (sudden load changes) by ensuring balance between the generated power and demand. For each scenario, Moth flame optimization algorithm optimized Proportional-Integral controllers were utilized to control the micro-grid (to minimize fluctuations from the output power of the non-dispatchable sources and from sudden load change). The results of the developed scheme were compared with that of Quasi-Oppositional Harmony Search Algorithm for overshoot and settling time of the frequency deviation. From the results obtained, the proposed scheme outperformed that of the quasi-oppositional harmony search algorithm optimized controller by an average percentage improvement of 35.95% and 28.76% in the case of overshoot and settling time when the system step input was suddenly increased. All modelling analysis were carried out in MATLAB R2019b environment. Keywords—Frequency Deviation, Micro-grid, Moth flame optimization algorithm, Quasi-Oppositional Harmony Search Algorithm.
Assessment of Moringa oleifera Seeds as a Natural Coagulant in Treating Low Turbid Water
Authors: Olabanji Taiwo O. , Ojo Ochuko M. , Williams Charles G. , Adewuyi Abiodun S.
Published: December 2021

This research examined the coagulating potential of Moringa oleifera seeds in treating low turbid water. The active ingredient of the seeds was extracted using Soxhlet Apparatus with hexane as the solvent, after which the coagulant was dosed from 0.03g/L to 0.4g/L and used to treat a water sample with a low Turbidity of 18.4NTU, yielding an optimum value of 4.90NTU, an optimum dose of 0.03g/L and a turbidity reduction of 100% when compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standard which is 5NTU. The study affirms Moringa oleifera as an effective natural coagulant in low turbid water treatment and it is recommended for household water treatments. Keywords— Hexane, Low turbid water, Moringa oleifera, Natural coagulant, Soxhlet apparatus
Design of Radio Over Plastic Optical Fibre for Broadband Indoor Access Network
Authors: Yau Isiyaku , Sani Suleiman M. , Usman Aliyu D. , Tekanyi Abdoulie M.S. , Yaro Abdulmalik S. , Bello Habeeb
Published: December 2021

Indoor wireless traffic increases exponentially. Radio over fibre technology has been used to provide broadband services in the access network. Plastic Optical Fibre (POF) has been considered as a promising waveguide to be used as backhaul link for indoor access network. The RoF system uses an improved POF cable as a backhaul. A photonic antenna is developed by integrating a microstrip patch antenna with an opto-electronic converter. A standard inset fed microstrip patch antenna used for the wireless transmission and reception is designed using CST software tool. A RoF communication system based on the developed POF is designed and simulated using Optisystem software tool. The Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the system in terms of Quality factor is evaluated. A maximum achievable POF cable length of 117 m for an On-Off Keying (OOK) transmission data rate of 1 Gbps with an acceptable Quality factor of 7.0 is obtained.  When the developed RoF system was used to transmit 10 Gbps and 50 Gbps data, the achievable cable lengths reduced to 80 m and 63 m, respectively. Keywords— Plastic Optical Fibre, RoF, photonic antenna, and modal dispersion
Addressing Cold Start Problem in Collaborative Filtering using Demographic Data with Entropy-based Methodology
Authors: Odumuyiwa Victor T. , Oloba Olalekan P.
Published: December 2021

Collaborative filtering based recommender systems (RS) are faced with cold start problem. This problem arises when the RS does not have enough information or opinion about a person or about a product and therefore cannot make recommendation for such person. In this paper, the demographic data of the user such as age, gender, and occupation are utilized as additional sources together with existing users’ rating to tackle the cold start problem by employing the entropy-based methodology to determine the degree of predictability.  Experimental results on MovieLens dataset showed that the proposed method gives higher accuracy than other existing demographic based methods. Keywords— Cold Start, Collaborative Filtering, Entropy, Demographic Approach, Recommender Systems
Modelling and Design of State Estimator for a Pick and Place Robotic Arm
Authors: Dandago Khalid K. , Mohammed Ameer , Ubadike Osichinaka C. , Zango Mahmud S. , Hassan Abdulbasit , Muhammad Muhammad I. , Yahaya Jamilu U.
Published: December 2021

A robust model is essential for the design of system components such as controllers, observers state estimators, and simulators. State estimators are becoming increasingly important in modern systems, especially systems with states that may not be measured with sensors. Therefore, it is imperative to analyze the performance of different modelling and state estimator design techniques. In this research work, a parametric model of a pick and place robotic arm was obtained using system identification technique. Pick and place robotic arms have a lot of industrial applications. The parameters of the obtained model were determined using the general second-order characteristics equation and manual tuning. Furthermore, five state estimators were designed based on the developed model. The accuracy of the model, and the performance of the observers were analyzed. The model was found to provide a good representation of the system. Nonetheless, with very small divergence between the model and the real system. The performance of the observers was found to be dependent on their pole locations; the higher the magnitude of the poles, the higher the state estimators’ gain and the better the estimation provided. It was found out that the state estimators with high gains were more susceptible to measurement noise. Keywords— Modelling, pick and place robots, observers, and state estimators.
Development of a Machine Learning Model for Image-based Email Spam Detection
Authors: Onova Christopher U. , Omotehinwa Temidayo O.
Published: December 2021

Combatting email spam has remained a very daunting task. Despite the over 99% accuracy in most non-image-based spam email detection, studies on image-based spam hardly attain such a high level of accuracy as new email spamming techniques that defeat existing spam filters emerges from time to time. The number of email spams sent out daily has remained a key factor in the continued use of spam. In this paper, a simple convolutional neural network model, 123DNet was developed and trained with 28,929 images drawn from 2 public datasets and a Personally Generated dataset. The model was optimized to the least set of layers to have 1 input layer, 2 embedded Convolutional layers as a hidden layer, and 3 neural network layers. The model was tested with a total of 4,339 images of the three dataset samples and then with a separate set of 1,200 images to test performance on never-seen-before images. A Classification Performance analysis was carried out using the confusion matrix. Performance metrics including Accuracy, Precision, True Negative Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, and F1 Measure were computed to ascertain the model’s performance. The Model returned an F1 Score of 97% on a public dataset’s test sample and 88% on Never-seen-before test samples outperforming some pre-existing models while performing significantly well on the newly generated image test samples. It is recommended that a model that performed so well with new never-seen-before spam images be integrated into spam filtering systems. Keywords- Convolutional Neural Network, Deep Learning,  Image-based Spam Detection
Structural Imposed Load Analysis of Isotropic Rectangular Plate Carrying a Uniformly Distributed Load Using Refined Shear Plate Theory
Authors: Onyeka Festus C. , Nwa-David Chidobere D. , Arinze Emmanuel E.
Published: December 2021

This presents the static flexural analysis of a three edge simply supported, one support free (SSFS) rectangular plate under uniformly distributed load using a refined shear deformation plate theory. The shear deformation profile used, is in the form of third order. The governing equations were determined by the method of energy variational calculus, to obtain the deflection and shear deformation along the direction of x and y axis. From the formulated expression, the formulars for determination of the critical lateral imposed load of the plate before deflection reaches the specified maximum specified limit  and its corresponding critical lateral imposed load before plate reaches an elastic yield stress  is established. The study showed that the critical lateral imposed load decreased as the plates span increases, the critical lateral imposed load increased as the plate thickness increases, as the specified thickness of the plate increased, the value of critical lateral imposed load increased and increase in the value of the allowable deflection value required for the analysis of the plate reduced the chances of failure of a structural member. This approach overcomes the challenges of the conventional practice in the structural analysis and design which involves checking of deflection and shear after design; the process which is proved unreliable and time consuming. It is concluded that the values of critical lateral load obtained by this theory achieve accepted transverse shear stress to the depth of the plate variation in predicting the flexural characteristics for an isotropic rectangular SSFS plate. Numerical comparison was conducted to verify and demonstrate the efficiency of the present theory, and they agreed with previous studies. This proved that the present theory is reliable for the analysis of a rectangular plate. Keywords— Allowable deflection, critical imposed load, energy method, plate theories, shear deformation, SSFS rectangular plate
Impact of Climate Change on Runoff Prediction in Ogbese River Watershed
Authors: Obiora-Okeke Obinna A. , Adewumi James R. , Ojo Ochuko M.
Published: December 2021

Increased rainfall amounts are projected in the humid southern parts of Nigeria due to climate change. The consequence of higher rainfall in future years would result to higher peak runoffs and flood stages in streams in these parts. The focus of this study is to simulate peak runoff at the outlet of Ogbese river watershed for future years of 2030, 2040, 2050 and 2060. Local twenty years (2000-2019) historical rainfall depths were used to statically downscale General Circulation Model outputs in the future for RCP 4.5 climate scenario. Downscaled rainfall depths were inputted in HEC-HMS model version 4.2 for rainfall-runoff simulation. The watershed was delineated with DEM in ArcGIS while four land use and land cover classifications were extracted with QGIS. Maximum rainfall depths projected in years 2030, 2040, 2050 and 2060 were 38.5mm/hr, 39mm/hr, 42mm/hr and 46mm/hr respectively. Peak runoff discharge simulated for RCP 4.5 climate scenario in years 2030, 2040, 2050 and 2060 are 1771m3/s, 1826 m3/s, 1897 m3/s and 2200 m3/s respectively. This represents 24.2% increase peak discharge between 2030 and 2060. Land area delineated for the catchment is 1946.2 km2. The LULC classification areas for urban area, forest, rock outcrop and bare land are 81.59 km2, 1721.84 km2, 146.27 km2 and 4.11 km2 respectively. The soil types are sandy clay loam (92.51 %), sandy loam (6.84 %), and clay (0.65 %). Curve Number and Initial abstraction parameter values are 70.27 and 2.89 respectively. Keywords- Climate change, GCM, HEC-HMS , Ogbese river, Peak runoff
Atık Esaslı Fibriller Biyoçözünür Toprak Örtüsü
Authors: KADINKIZ Naz , UZUN Muhammet , ÇİL Zeynep
Published: December 2021

Tarımsal faaliyetler, ülke ekonomisi ve kalkınması için önemlidir ancak çevresel yan etkileri oldukça fazladır. Bu zararı en aza indirmek için sürdürülebilir, sorumlu üretim ve tüketim desteklenmelidir. Tarım sektöründe mevcut olarak kullanılan toprak örtüleri ve malçlar petrokimya esaslı sentetik malzemelerden yapılmaktadır. Uzun yıllar doğada çözünmeden var olmaları hem doğaya hem de canlılara zarar vermektedir. Bu çalışmada Narlı ve Vezir tohumlarıyla elde edilen kenevir, muz atıklarından gübre üretilirken açığa çıkan kısa elyaf ve taşıyıcı lif olarak Polilaktik Asit (PLA) biyobozunur lif harmanları ile toprak örtüsü elde edilmiştir. Geliştirilen toprak örtüsünün, toprak nemini optimum seviyelerde tutmaya yardımcı, kuru ağırlığının ortalama 5 katı kadar su veya nemi emme kapasitesinden dolayı geliştirilen kumaşların farklı iklim tiplerinde kullanımı amaçlanmaktadır. Teknik nonwoven yapının yabani ot büyümesi gibi problemlere de çözüm sunması hedeflenmiştir. Belirtilen özellikler eko-ambiyansı bozmadan sağlanırken biyolojik olarak parçalanıp toprağa karışması sonucu sürdürülebilirlik sağlanır. Optimum yapının oluşturulması için farklı hammadde oranlarında çeşitli yapı tasarım denemeleri yapılarak ilgili temel testler uygulanmıştır.
Biological Control of Rhizoctonia Solani Kühn. with Rhizobacteria Isolated from Different Soiland Calligonum Polygonoides L. Subsp. Comosum (L’hér.)
Authors: ANAK Halit , DÖNMEZ Mesude Figen , ÇORUH İrfan
Published: December 2021

In this study, the biological control activities of the bacteria strains, which have been isolated from the volcanic, sandy, salty soils and Ebu Cehil plant Calligonum polygonoides L. subsp. comosum (L’Hér.) were investigated against isolates of Rhizoctonia solani causing root rot in beans. As the result of the isolation, 83 strains were obtained and the bacteria were identified by biochemical tests and fatty acid methyl esterase analyses. In the in vitro conditions, 20 strains from among 83 bacteria strains were found to be effective and it was determined that these strains inhibited the mycelial growth by forming a prevention zone ranging between 0.1 cm and 2.4 cm. The prevention rate of bacteria strains against pathogen isolates was found to range between 50%-66% maximum. In the in vivo conditions, the bacteria strains were found to successfully inhibit the disease development compared to the control group. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis HV43, Bacillus subtilis HV34, Bacillus cereus GC subgroup A HT21 and Bacillus subtilis HT30 strains were determined to prevent the disease incidence with an effectiveness of 100%.
The Determination of Lead and Cadmium Concentration in the Agricultural Soils Alongside Highway 080 of Igdir Province
Authors: KARAOĞLU Mücahit , KÜÇÜK Cemal
Published: December 2021

Gases emitted from both industrial estates and automobile exhausts in agricultural areas cause heavy metal pollution and these metals accumulate in the soil and plants. In this study, 72 soil samples were taken at 5 km intervals from 24 points along the Tuzluca-Iğdır-Nakhchivan route, through which the 080 State Road passes, at 0-10-30 meters perpendicularly inwards from the road and at a depth of 0-20 cm. Total lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) accumulations were determined in the samples. The significant decrease in lead and Cd concentrations away from the road indicates that heavy metal deposits have being caused by traffic. The effect of prevailing winds on total Pb and Cd deposition in north and south of the State Highway 080 was statistically insignificant. As the relationships between heavy metal concentrations and soil physical properties were considered, significant negative correlations were found between total Cd concentrations and sand and organic matter contents. Heavy metal pollution index (PI) values were found to be slightly and moderately polluted for Pb and close to highly polluted for Cd according to treshold values. The pollution load index (PLI) values were calculated as a function of the pollution index and according to the PLI results, it was evaluated that Pb and Cd triggered each other in terms of increasing toxic effects. It has been concluded that, with the re-establishment of the Silk Road, the traffic-related pollution will increase in the region.
REPRESENTATION OF ATOMIC BOMB IN TURKISH PRESS (1945-1946)
Authors: Türedi Hümeyra
Published: December 2021

Use of the atomic bomb in the World War II was the beginning of a transformation in the world public opinion towards nuclear weapons. Frequent protests, activities of non-governmental organisations and news in the press caused a kind of consciousness and in turn fear and anxiety in the world public about nuclear weapons. Increase in the fear and anxiety of people started to transform the politics. In this article, the image of atomic bomb in Turkey during this early transformation period was examined through Cumhuriyet newspaper between 6 August 1945-31 December 1946 by content analysis method. The research question is "How was the use of the atomic bomb evaluated in the Turkish press at that time?". As a result of this study, it is seen that Cumhuriyet newspaper used a balanced language and avoided intimidating the public. Even though the newspaper suceeded to give information about the negative effects of the bomb, it could not have a leading role in giving rise to a movement against nuclear weapons.
ABDURRAHMAN ÖMERİ (Ö. 1933) VE AİLE HUKUKUNA DAİR MECELLE ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: MARAŞ İbrahim
Published: December 2021

Ahmet Cevdet Paşa (ö. 1895)'nın başkanlığında hazırlanan Mecelle-i Ahkâmı Adliye adlı meşhur eserin Kazan bölgesindeki ceditçilik hareketine önemli bir tesiri bulunmaktadır. Mecelle, bölgedeki bazı medreselerde ders kitabı olarak da okutulmuştur. Kazan bölgesindeki dini yapılanma hiyerarşik bir yapıda değildi. Çarlık Rusya’sında Müslümanlar miras, evlenme ve boşanma gibi meselelerini kendileri çözmeye uğraşıyorlardı. Bölgede her mahalledeki imamlar, aynı zamanda kadılık görevini icra ediyorlardı. Bu da verilen dini hükümlerde ciddi farklılıklara neden oluyordu. Bu yüzden Osmanlı Mecelle’si gibi kodifike edilmiş hükümlerden oluşan bir el kitabı temel ihtiyaçtı. Bunu göze alan İdil Ural Müslümanları aile hukuku alanında yeni bir Mecelle yazılması gerektiğini savunmuşlardır. Çünkü İdil-Ural bölgesi Müslümanlarının temel ihtiyacı, aile hukuku alanındaydı. Hâlbuki Ahmet Cevdet Paşa başkanlığında hazırlanan Mecelle’de ise aile hukuku bölümü bulunmuyordu.

1917’deki Ulema Nedvesi toplantısında dönemin müftüsü Âlimcan Barûdi başkanlığında bir Mecelle hazırlanması doğrultusunda Ufa’daki müftülükte danışma meclisi oluşturulmuştur. Ancak dönemin şartları gereği bu ciddi adımlar da sonuçsuz kalmıştır. Bugüne kadar bu konuda Ufa’daki Diniye Nezareti bünyesinde bir Mecelle hazırlanıp hazırlanmadığı bilinmemekteydi. Meşhur âlim Abdurrahman Ömeri’nin el yazmalarının tasnif ve kataloğunun hazırlanması tarafımızdan yapılmıştı. Bu sırada Abdurrahman Ömeri tarafından hazırlanmış aile hukukuna dair bir Mecelle nüshasına rastladık. Mecelle’nin Abdurrahman Ömeri (ö. 1933) tarafından yazım tarihi 1345 Hicri/1926 Miladi tarihtir. Tebliğimiz, Kazan bölgesindeki Mecelle çalışmalarının kısa hikâyesini, tespit ettiğimiz Mecelle nüshalarının ilim dünyasına tanıtılmasını ve içeriğinin kısaca değerlendirmesini konu edinecektir.
UDMURT EDEBİYATININ KURUCUSU: KUZEBAY GERD
Authors: KAMİTOVA Alevtina
Published: December 2021

Öz: Udmurtlar Rusya Federasyonu’nun İdil-Ural bölgesinde yaşayan Fin-Ugor halklarından biridir. Edebiyatlarını ve kültürlerini yüzyıllar boyu sözlü gelenekte korumuş olan Udmurtlar Çarlık Rusyasının son dönemlerinde alfabelerinin oluşturulması ve Udmurtça eğitim kurumlarının açılmasıyla yeni bir döneme girmiştir. Yazılı kültürün ve eğitimin ilk dönemleri için başka halklarda gördüğümüz birçok husus Udmurtlar için de geçerlidir. Bu ilk dönem aydınları birçok farklı görevi üstlenmişlerdir ve farklı alanlarda çok önemli eserler vermişlerdir. Kuzebay Gerd de Udmurtlar arasında çok yönlü yazar, şair, eğitimci bir aydın olarak dikkat çeken şahsiyetlerden biridir. Tercümeleri, telif eserleri ile Udmurt edebiyatının gelişimine önemli bir katkı sunmuştur. Udmurt edebiyatının gelişimine önemli katkılar yaptığı gibi geleneksel Udmurt edebiyatında olmayan tür ve şekilleri de Udmurt edebiyatına kazandırmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra Udmurtlar arasında yapılan alan araştırmaları esnasında derlediği zengin malzeme ile Udmurt kültürünün korunması ve tanıtılması alanında da önemli işlevler üstlenmiştir. Onun derlediği folklor malzemeleri günümüzde alanla ilgili çalışmalar için temel kaynak olmaya devam etmektedir. Gerd’in döneminin birçok aydını gibi repressiya kurbanı olmuştur. Eserleri birçok yabancı dile çevrilen Gerd Udmurt edebiyatı ve kültürü için öncü bir aydın olarak şahsiyettir. Makalede Gerd’in hayat hikayesi ve eserleri onun Udmurt edebiyatı ve kültürüne yapmış olduğu katkılar çerçevesinde değerlendirilecektir.
ÇAĞDAŞ DÜNYA VE ABDULLAH TUKAY
Authors: ÖNER Mustafa
Published: December 2021

Çağdaş Tatar şiirinin ünlü ismi Abdullah Tukay konuları bakımından da yeni bir edebiyatın kurucusu olarak değer taşır. XIX. yüzyılda gelişen Tatar aydınlanma süreci sayesinde toplum, sivil ve yaygın eğitime kavuşmuştur. Tatar rönesansı denen bu gelişmede yeni tarz okulların hızla artmasının yanı sıra süreli basınla yayılan yeni bir edebiyat da oluşmaya başlar. Rusya'da 1905 Devrimi ardından gelişen daha serbest siyasi bir ortamda yepyeni gazete ve dergiler bu yeni edebiyatın sahnesi olmuştur.
A. Tukay işte bu yeni edebiyatın en çok tanınan millî şairi olmakla kalmamış, aynı zamanda bu yeni kuşağın ilgilendiği konuları da şiirine taşımıştır: Rusya'da XIX. yüzyılda çok keskinleşen sosyal eşitsizlik ve zengin-fakir karşıtlığı onun başlıca temalarındandır. Çağdaşlığın Doğu toplumlarında en önemli mücadele alanlarından biri olan kadın hakları, kızların da eğitim hakkı gibi konular da onun şiirlerinin temelleri arasındadır.
Tukay'ın şiirlerinde A. İshaki, M. Gafuri, A. İbrahim, F. Emirhan, A. Kamal gibi reformist ediplerin daima gündemde tuttuğu kadının toplumsal durumu sık sık işlenir. Bu yenilikçiler (Ceditçiler), milletin ilerlemesine, toplumun olgunlaşmasına doğrudan doğruya kadınların katılması, kızların da düzenli öğretime alınması ve genel olarak kadının hayattaki rolüne çok önem vermekteydi.
"İşten Çıkarılan Tatar Kızına" şiirinde lirik kahramanı işten çıkarılan zavallı bir kız olan büyük şair, toplumsal tenkidi şiirine taşımıştır. XIX yüzyıl Rusya'sının muazzam sosyal eşitsizlik şartlarında doğan ve 1917 Ekim Devrimi sonrasında devletin esas ideolojisi haline gelecek sosyalizmin Tukay'ın şiirlerine ideolojik değil insancıl (humanist) bir biçimde yansıdığını söyleyebiliriz.
Tukay'ın Şüreli, Su Anası, Piçen Bazarı yahud Yaña Kisěkbaş gibi millî folklor anlatılarını çağdaş edebiyatın hamuruna kattığını açıkça görüyoruz. Bu, Fransız, Alman veya Rus edebiyatında da izlenen millî folklorun, halk edebiyatının ve özellikle de halk dilinin çağdaş edebiyata zemin olması esası Tukay sayesinde çağdaş Tatar edebiyatı için büyük bir başarıya dönmüştür.
EMİR NOGAY’IN AK ORDA YÖNETİMİNDEKİ KONUMU
Authors: ÇOLAK Selim , KOÇ Dinçer
Published: December 2021

Ak Orda Hanlığı’nın kuruluş evresinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Emir Nogay, yaklaşık 40 yıllık siyasi hayatında ulus yönetiminde çok önemli konuma ulaşmıştır. Berke Han döneminde ordu komutanı olarak tarih sahnesine çıkan Nogay zamanla Ak Orda’da sağ kanadın liderliğine yükselmiş, Tokta Han’ın tahta çıktığı sıralarda ise gücünün zirvesine ulaşmıştır. Aynı süreçte Nogay’ın etkisini komşu ve vasal devletlerde de arttığı görülmektedir. 1270’li yıllardan itibaren düzenlediği seferlerle birlikte Balkanları nüfuzu altına alırken başta Bulgaristan olmak üzere bölgedeki yöneticiler onun hâkimiyetini kabul etmek zorunda kalmışlardır. Öte yandan Macaristan ve Lehistan seferleriyle bağlantılı olarak Galiçya knezleri üzerindeki otoritesini tesis eden Nogay, diğer yandan Kuzey Rusya’daki büyük knezlik mücadelesine de taraf olmuştur. Bunun dışında başta Memlükler ve Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu olmak üzere pek çok devletle de diplomatik münasebetler tesis etmiştir. Neredeyse bağımsız bir hükümdarın sahip olduğu tüm yetkileri kendi uhdesinde toplamayı başarmasının sonucunda Nogay ile alakalı iki soru gündeme gelmektedir: 1) Nogay’ın Ak Orda yönetimi içerisindeki konumu nedir? 2) Nogay bir han mıydı? Bu noktada kaynaklarda yer alan farklı ifadeler Nogay’ın konumunu tam olarak tespit etmemizde bize yeteri kadar yardımcı olmamaktadırlar. Biz bu çalışmada ilk olarak kaynakların verdiği bilgileri birbiriyle karşılaştırarak Nogay’ın ulus yönetiminde sahip olduğu konumu açıklayacağız. Ardından da Nogay’ın hanlığı meselesindeki tartışmayı ele aldıktan sonra bu konuda bir sonuca ulaşmaya çalışacağız.
ANADOLU VE ÇUVAŞ TÜRKLERİNDE KURTLA İLGİLİ İNANIŞ VE UYGULAMALAR
Authors: ARIK Durmuş
Published: December 2021

İnsanlar, doğayı birçok canlı yanında hayvanlarla da paylaşmaktadır. Geçmişten bugüne bazı hayvanlar insanoğlunun yaşamına katkı sağlarken aynı zamanda yaşamını da kolaylaştırmıştır. At gibi bazı binek hayvanların gücünden yararlanıldığı gibi bazı hayvanların da etinden, sütünden, yününden ya da diğer ürünlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bazı hayvanların tehlikeli olduğu düşünülerek onlardan korkulmuş ve sakınılmıştır. İnsanların hayvanlarla olan bu iç içe yaşamı çeşitli kültürlerde hayvanlarla ilgili inanışların ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Mitolojilerde, efsanelerde, masallarda hemen her hayvanla ilgili çeşitli anlatımlar yer almıştır. Türk kültüründe de tarihi süreçte bazı hayvanlar etrafında inanışlar ve uygulamalar ortaya çıkmış, Türklerin mitoloj, efsane, masal gibi edebiyat ürünlerinde hayvanlarla ilgili anlatımlara rastlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda pek çok hayvan yanında at, geyik, kartal, ayı gibi hayvanlar Türk kültüründe edebi literatürde kendisinden sıkça söz edilen hayvanlar arasında yer almıştır. Şaman hikayelerinde şamanların yardımcı ruhları arasında ya da kendisine dönüşebildikleri hayvanlar vardır. Hayvan ata inanışı ya da ata kültü çoğu zaman Türk kültüründe kendisine yer bulmuştur. Türkler çok eski zamanlardan itibaren takvimlerinde yılları belirlemede de hayvan adlarından yararlanmıştır. Türk kültüründe etrafında inanışların ve uygulamaların ortaya çıktığı hayvanlardan biri de kurttur. Kurt, Türk mitolojilerinde, efsanelerinde, masallarında, halk inanışlarında sık sık karşılaşılan ve kendisine kutsallık atfedilen önemli bir hayvandır. Kurdun bu özelliğinden dolayı hemen hemen bütün Türk topluluklarında kurt ile ilgili inanışlar ve uygulamalar büyük benzerliklere ve ortaklıklara sahiptir. Kurda saygı ve tazim yanında onun zararlarından korunmaya yönelik bazı inanış ve uygulamalar bu benzerlik ve ortaklıklardan biridir. Aynı zamanda kurt adının doğrudan söylenmemesi, çocuklara kurtla ilgili adların verilmesi, kurda ait bir parçanın koruyucu özelliği olduğuna inanılması ve halk hekimliği uygulamalarında bunlardan yararlanılması diğer benzer ve ortak unsurlar arasında yer alır. Bu makalede bir kültür kodu olarak, özellikle Anadolu ve Çuvaş Türkleri arasında kurt ile ilgili tespit edilen bazı inanış ve uygulamalar incelenecektir.
Improvement of Pre-Service Teachers’ Computational Thinking Skills through an Educational Technology Course
Authors: ALBAYRAK Ebru , YILMAZ OZDEN Şule
Published: December 2021

This study examines the improvement of pre-service teachers’ computational thinking skill levels through an educational technology course redesigned within the computational thinking context. 27 pre-service teachers from the Literacy Education Program enrolled in the Instructional Technologies and Material Development course in a public university in Turkey. Pre-service teachers engaged in some structured activities throughout the course and they were asked to complete a final project. Pre and post-survey results showed that pre-service teachers’ algorithmic thinking skills and computational thinking skills in general were improved after the course. Analysis of final projects also showed that pre-service teachers were able to use their problem solving, algorithmic thinking, and collaborative skills. However, they had difficulty in using their critical thinking skills and creativity. Findings have implications for the design of an educational technology course that pre-service teachers comprehend and practice computational thinking concepts.
Surgical correction of posttraumatic nasal deformities in adolescent athletes
Authors: Zyabkin IV , Grachev NS , Frolov SV , Polev GA , Magomedova AM , Ataeva DM , Galkina TA
Published: December 2021

Nasal breathing is of great importance for professional athletes because of the peculiarities of carbon dioxide metabolism in the body. Problems with nasal breathing caused by post-traumatic deformities of the nose can be successfully corrected with the help of rhinoseptoplasty, but the possibility of performing this surgery on patients under 18 years of age is a discussed matter. This study aimed to analyze the results of the effect functional rhinoseptoplasty has on nasal breathing, consider rhinoseptoplasty as the preferred method of treatment for adolescents with post-traumatic deformities of the structures of the nose. The study involved 15 professional athletes aged 15–18 years with post-traumatic deformities of the external nose and troubled nasal breathing. Five of them (33.3%) were female, 10 (66.7%) were male; all underwent open rhinoseptoplasty. The NOSE and SCHNOS questionnaires were used to assess the symptoms of nasal obstruction before and after surgery. Post-surgery, all patients subjectively noted that their nasal breathing improved, which was confirmed by the filled questionnaires. There were no significant complications registered during the follow-up period. Functional rhinoseptoplasty is a viable surgical option for adolescents under 18 years of age.
Strategy Development for Survival & Growth of MRO Company during & Post Covid-19 Pandemic (Case Study: GMF Aeroasia)
Authors:   School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Purwidyaputra R. Rendy
Published: December 2021

Indonesian Aviation Market 2020 was predicted to grow around 7.0% compared to 2019. It gave Indonesian MRO industry an optimism at first, at least in the beginning of the year, before WHO declared COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has a dire impact on the aviation & MRO industry. As of July 2021, flights still haven’t reached 50% compared to pre-COVID era. Many MRO companies, including GMF AeroAsia, must face an unprecedented situation that caused the market to shrink significantly, and enter the financial distress zone. Several initiatives have been taken by the company. However, with the protracted pandemic conditions and the uncertainty of Indonesian Aviation Market recovery, further strategies are needed to survive and growth. This study aims to analyze the company and develop a strategy based on 2 stages, namely the retrenchment phase and the recovery phase. The retrenchment phase will focus on the survival strategy, while the recovery phase will focus on the growth strategy using scenario planning because the future is still uncertain. From the analysis and interviews, several initiatives and strategies for survival and growth were developed. Several initiatives for survival include headcount cuts, operational efficiency, product elimination, liquidation & divestment, equity for debt swaps, and renegotiate with lenders. While the growth strategy was developed based on 4 scenarios, namely Flying Through Thunderstorm, Flying with Engine Failure, Flying with Broken Wings, and Flying Zig-Zag.
Tooth Mobility Due to Chronic Periodontitis with Hypertension: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Dental Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Haryani Wiworo
Published: December 2021

One of the non-communicable diseases that is becoming a very serious health problem today is hypertension which is known as the silent killer. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease associated with a small number of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. These gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have the opportunity to become systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and blood clotting problems. Cardiovascular diseases include coronary heart disease and hypertension. This study aims to analysis the relationship between tooth mobility due to chronic periodontitis and hypertension. Methods: analytic observational research with cross sectional design. The study was carried out on patients at the Dental Polyclinic of Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta. The research sample was taken by purposive sampling technique, as many as 84 people. The independent variable in this study was tooth mobility due to chronic periodontitis, while the dependent variable was hypertension. Collecting data using a questionnaire, the OHI-S index examination sheet and the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Data analysis using Kendall’s tau test. Results: the relationship between tooth mobility due to chronic periodontitis and hypertension showed that the p-value was 0.011 (p <0.05) Conclusion: there was a significant relationship between tooth mobility due to chronic periodontitis and hypertension.
Important Factors on Make or Buy Strategy for Margin Improvement on Consumer Goods Company
Authors:   School of Business Management, Insititut Teknologi Bandung, Mumpuni Perwitasari Yekti
Published: December 2021

Consumer goods industry have tight a competition in the market. Therefore, companies that operate in this kind of industry should continuously improve sustainable competitive advantage. The strategy to increase competitive advantage is not through innovation but also requires cost leadership so that the company obtains an adequate profit margin. One of the efforts to gain cost leadership is that companies need to choose between make inhouse production or buy goods directly from appointed third party supplier. This study based on qualitative research methodology aims to discuss the important factors for building a business case on the make or buy options. Data for analysis purpose are obtained from interviews with individuals representing one of the leading multinational companies operating in Indonesia that produces personal care, hygiene and home care. Interviews results are written in transcript, coded and mapped to illustrate the keywords mentioned by respondents then being categorized as important factors or not. The result of the study showed that cost, capability, capacity, quality, service level and technology are important factors on consideration make or buy. Cost factor also consider projection volume, transportation and investment.
E-Document Archiving System with SMS Support
Authors:   Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College, Estancia, Iloilo Philippines, Alpasan Bella Gertrude B.
Published: December 2021

The School of Institute of Information and Computer Studies is facing a problem in the submission of the documents every end of the academic year which are requirements of the Director of the IICS before signing the clearance of its faculty members. In order to fast-track the submission of the documents, an alternative solution to solve the current problem was developed, to be known as the “e-Document Archiving System with SMS Support”. Descriptive research design was used to determine whether the objectives of the study were achieved while Developmental research design was used for the developed of the software. The architectural design used in this system was n-tier architecture. Since the developed system will be deployed into local area network connecting office the IICS building, the concerned faculty where can upload and archived documents electronically. The Director could simple download and print documents in real time. A Short Message Service (SMS) Support, was also be used, as additional feature which would play a vital role as a communicating tool, that enables to send notification to concerned faculty members particularly, which required documents and deadline of submission. Based on the result and findings, uploading and downloading of required documents were accessible in real time. The usability of the feature of the developed system was operational and accessible with effectiveness and efficiency, and the performance was appropriate for the need of the users.
A Study on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Malaria in Urban Slum Area of Kolkata
Authors:   Occupational Health & Wellness Consultant, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Madhwani Kishore P
Published: December 2021

Background: Malaria is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases worldwide and India has fourth highest number of malaria cases and deaths in the world. Prevention of the disease through better knowledge and awareness is the appropriate way to keep the disease away and remain healthy. Thus, the present study was aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding malaria among residents of urban slum area of Kolkata.
Domains in the Encyclopedic Semantics of some English and Arabic Equivalent Culture-Specific Words
Authors:   Department of English Language and Literature, Islamic University of Najaf. Iraq, Najaf, Al-Jashami Abdullah A.
Published: December 2021

The present study aims at finding interpretations for some inquiries in the field of encyclopedic semantics. It is an academic reflection of language exchange between English and Arabic which is one of the most prevalent interests of the recent cognitive linguistic researches. Particularly, it analyzes the way culture-specific words of two different languages can comparatively be understood. The single-method is adopted for the methodological approach of the study. The data collection is conducted according to a content analysis by extracting some CSWs that are referred to in some comparative culture-specific studies of English and Arabic. It is found that (1) there can be more than one domain matrix for equivalent CSWs; (2) the exact comparison between CSWs lies in the profile-base organization (3) the two or multi-dimensional domains are configurational; (4) the culture-specific standards locate the diversity between the domain matrixes of equivalent CSWs. Some key conclusions to draw is that (1) the domain matrix of a CSW depends on to the culture-specific norms; (2) the distinctive point of the tripartite (profile, base and concept) is the profile rather than the base; (3) image-schematic domains indicate the object material domains; (4) culture-specific norms are affected by religious and historical factors which control the inventory knowledge for the CSWs.
The Role of Psychology Prevention in Controlling Student Victimization in Terms of Accounting Method (A Case Study of Sari)
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Farvardin University, Qaemshahr, Iran, Salehi Peyman
Published: December 2021

With its negative psychological, economic, and social effects, student delinquency is one of Iran's most critical social issues; Iran has a young population in terms of population structure. The purpose of this article is not to search for the causes of studentdelinquency, in cases such as theft, vandalism and violence, in the whole of Iran, but to focus on the city of Sari to conduct such studies in other major cities, to comment on the community or Provide thighs. This study used a combined theoretical framework (general theory of crime) consisting of social connection and self-control theories. The findings of this study show that adolescents with poor self-control have poor social bonds and commit more crimes.
Household Workers Profile System
Authors:   Institute of Information and Computer Studies Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College, Estancia, Iloilo Main Campus, Estancia, Iloilo, Alpasan Bella Gertrude B.
Published: December 2021

Estancia is well-known throughout the country as a commercial fishing center, so much so that it shares the name Alaska of the Philippines. It is located in the northern part of the province and is 131 kilometer’s (81 mi) from the provincial capital, Iloilo City. Estancia is politically subdivided into 25 barangays. According to the 2015 Census, it has a population of 48,546 people. This accounted for 2.51% of the total population of Iloilo province, or 0.64 percent of the Western Visayas region's total population. As technology advances, so do the hectic schedules that leave little time for household chores. Aside from tasks, there are other aspects of our everyday lives that are significant. People don't have enough time to take care of their homes, so hiring a housekeeper can assist. Many families place too much emphasis on word-of-mouth referrals and basic background employment.
Effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Corporate Performance: A Study of Selected Quoted Banks
Authors:   Department of Financial Management Technology, Federal University Of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria., Chinyere Akujor Jane
Published: December 2021

The study investigates the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on corporate performance using Zenith Bank Nigeria Plc. and United Bank for Africa Plc. asa study. Data were obtained from annual financial statement published by the bank from 2010 -2016.Corporate performance was proxied by Return on Equity, Return on Asset and Earnings per Share. The ordinary least square regression technique with the aid of the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21were employed in the analysis. Findings revealed that ICT has a very weak (low) effect on corporate performance measured with return on equity, almost no effect at all on corporate performance measured with return on assets, and positive effect on corporate performance measured with earnings per share. Therefore the study recommends that; there is need for the bank management team to prioritize the ICT need of the bank to avoid unnecessary investment on ICT gadgets in order to reduce the cost associated to ICT operations of the bank. Also, staff training and development are paramount to enable the effective and efficient utilization of the ICT resources. Furthermore, government should rise up to her duty to provide enabling environment for the thriving of businesses.
Ionic State of Molybdenum in Sulfuric Uterine Solutions of Rhenium Sorption and its Extraction
Authors:   Leading Engineer, Science Department of JSC ", Bekbutaeva Nargiza ,   Almalyk MMC",   Almalyk, Uzbekistan
Published: December 2021

The results of studies of the forms of finding and methods of extracting molybdenum from acidic solutions with a high concentration of sulfuric acid are presented. Ion-exchange resins of various modifications were tested to determine the most effective for molybdenum during its sorption from a sulfuric acid solution.
Heritage of Tradition from Avesto: Philosophical Analysis
Authors:   Senior lecturer, Tashkent State Transport University Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Mirzaev Ikrom B.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the heritage of Avesto from a philosophical point of view and gives a philosophical interpretation of the role of myths. At the same time, special attention is paid to the perception of the structure of the world. The ideas and philosophy of Avesto that have come down to us show that our ancestors who lived in the Zoroastrian era had a high level of worldview and thinking. Even in these distant times, our ancestors are struck by the fact that the deepest thinking, attitude to nature, existence, integrity and integrity of the universe, nature and human dignity, as well as the preservation of the Motherland are the main tasks of mankind.
The Formation of Teenager Virtual Self-Image on Instagram Social Media
Authors:   Mercu Buana University, Jakarta, Indonesia, Nugraha S Rahmadya Putra
Published: December 2021

This research intended to comprehend the virtual self-image formation process by adolescents and the factors that could support self-image formation on Instagram social media. The subjects from this research were late adolescents who used Instagram actively. The research method used was a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Then, the primary technique used in this research was a semi-structured interview technique.
Unpacking Negative Externalities of Social Capital in the Sustainability of Smallholder Rural Irrigation Farming: The Case of Rozva Irrigation Scheme in Bikita District, Zimbabwe
Authors:   Lecturer and Researcher: Gwanda State University, Filabusi, Zimbabwe, Ncube Mthuthukisi
Published: December 2021

The article examines the negative externalities of social capital in the sustainability of smallholder irrigation farming. Smallholder irrigation farming has become one of the main sources of rural livelihood in Zimbabwe given the deficiencies in rainfall triggered by climate change among other factors. The establishment of smallholder irrigation schemes, refurbishment of irrigation infrastructure, introduction of new technology and the subsidization of farm inputs are several initiatives taken by the government of Zimbabwe, Non-Governmental organisations and the private sector to improving agricultural productivity among smallholder irrigation schemes. Despite these efforts, smallholder irrigation farming has remained unsustainable. Resultantly, most rural communities in Zimbabwe continue to face hunger and poverty, two overarching sustainable development goals (SDGs 1 & 2) one and two. This study examined the negative externalities of social capital on efforts to improve productivity and sustainability of Rozva smallholder irrigation scheme. The article argues that linking social capital, which includes partnerships between Rozva irrigation farmers and donor agencies, has created dependency syndrome that is inimical to the sustainability of the irrigation scheme. The article concludes some social connections detrimental to the sustainability of the scheme tend to create divisions among farmers. The article argues there is need for awareness on negative externalities of social capital and reduce these effects on the sustainability of the smallholder irrigation to realise social capital benefits among irrigation farming communities in Zimbabwe.