bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Our Lady Of Impossibility: Gendered Standards In Islam And Christianity
Authors: Chou Lindsey
Published: January 2017

In both Christianity and Islam, Mary represents perhaps the highest societal ideal of what a woman can strive to be. This paper compares the construction of that standard in these two religious traditions and its implications for women. Additionally, Mary is compared to other important religious figures, such as the prophet Muhammad and Fátima. Given how much attention Mary’s body receives in Christianity and islam, a crucial part of the discussion focuses on bodies, sexuality, and purity as a physical as well as spiritual concept. Three conclusions can be drawn from this investigation: Firstly, the standard presented by the Virgin Mary is gendered in the way that it is applied predominantly to women. Secondly, it is inherently unattainable. Finally, under such a standard, women are set up to fail at performing and achieving this ideal in their respective faiths. The appropriation of Mary’s life and legacy is discussed as a patriarchal fixture which serves to explain one cause of both past and current gender inequality.
Alternative Truths: The Construction Of Narratives In The Rodney King Trial
Authors: Kim Soyeon
Published: January 2017

This paper explores the exploitation of narrative, character, and ideology to reconstitute the video evidence in the trial of Rodney King, in which four LAPD officers were indicted for violently beating the defendant. Throughout the trial, the prosecution chose to let the video evidence of the beating speak for itself to allow the jury to judge the police officers as liars rather than combat the narrative of the defense. Conversely, the defense reconstructed and reconstituted the form and content of the video, illustrating an ‘alternative truth’ through the use of metaphors, rhetorically identifiable characters, and professional discourse. In the end, the narrative of the defense—which depended on the stereotypical depictions of the dangerous, animalistic black man (Rodney King) and the righteous heroes (the white policemen)—resonated with the racist ideology of the Simi Valley jurors, and, more broadly, with white America.
Pathogenic PS1 phosphorylation at Ser367
Authors: Maesako Masato , Horlacher Jana , Zoltowska Katarzyna M , Kastanenka Ksenia V , Kara Eleanna , Svirsky Sarah , Keller Laura J , Li Xuejing , Hyman Bradley T , Bacskai Brian J , Berezovska Oksana
Published: January 2017

The high levels of serine (S) and threonine (T) residues within the Presenilin 1 (PS1) N-terminus and in the large hydrophilic loop region suggest that the enzymatic function of PS1/γ-secretase can be modulated by its ‘phosphorylated’ and ‘dephosphorylated’ states. However, the functional outcome of PS1 phosphorylation and its significance for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, comprehensive analysis using FRET-based imaging reveals that activity-driven and Protein Kinase A-mediated PS1 phosphorylation at three domains (domain 1: T74, domain 2: S310 and S313, domain 3: S365, S366, and S367), with S367 being critical, is responsible for the PS1 pathogenic ‘closed’ conformation, and resulting increase in the Aβ42/40 ratio. Moreover, we have established novel imaging assays for monitoring PS1 conformation in vivo, and report that PS1 phosphorylation induces the pathogenic conformational shift in the living mouse brain. These phosphorylation sites represent potential new targets for AD treatment.
Preliminary Evaluation of Virtual Touch Tissue Imaging Quantification for Differential Diagnosis of Metastatic and Nonmetastatic Cervical Lymph Nodes
Authors: Zhao Yingyan , Xi Jiaying , Zhao Baozhen , Xiong Wenfeng , Jiang Dong , Yang Li , Cai Zhuhong , Liu Tianjia , Jiang Haibo , Rong Shu , Jin Xiucai
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Virtual Touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ; Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) is useful for assessing tissue hardness. This study aimed to investigate the value of VTIQ in differential diagnosis of cervical lymph nodes.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed conventional sonograms and VTIQ images of 85 pathologically confirmed patients with superficial lymph node lesions. Conventional sonography was first performed, with 2‐dimensional images described. Then VTIQ shear wave velocity (SWV) values of superficial lymph nodes were measured. With pathologic diagnosis as the reference standard, a receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to evaluate VTIQ efficacy in differential diagnosis of metastatic and nonmetastatic cervical lymph nodes.

Results

Of the 85 nodes, 44 and 41 were metastatic and nonmetastatic, respectively. The latter group included 24 and 17 hematologic/lymphatic system disease and reactive hyperplastic nodes, respectively. Shear wave velocity values of metastatic nodes were significantly higher than those of their nonmetastatic counterparts (P < .001). With an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.953 and SWV cutoff of 3.27 m/s, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 89.4%, 88.6%, and 90.2%, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic and nonmetastatic nodes. An AUC of 0.943 and SWV cutoff of 3.23 m/s yielded accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 88.2%, 88.6%, and 87.5% for differentiating metastatic from hematologic/lymphatic system disease nodes. Finally, an AUC of 0.968 and SWV cutoff of 3.27 m/s yielded accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 90.2%, 88.6%, and 94.1% for differentiating metastatic from reactive hyperplastic nodes.

Conclusions

Virtual Touch tissue imaging quantification is efficient in differential diagnosis of metastatic and nonmetastatic cervical lymph nodes.
What factors control the trend of increasing AAOD over the United States in the last decade?
Authors: Zhang Li , Henze Daven K. , Grell Georg A. , Torres Omar , Jethva Hiren , Lamsal Lok N.
Published: January 2017

We examine the spatial and temporal trends of absorbing aerosol optical depth (AAOD) in the last decade over the United States (U.S.) observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Monthly average OMI AAOD has increased over broad areas of the central U.S. from 2005 to 2015, by up to a factor of 4 in some grid cells (~60 km resolution). The AAOD increases in all seasons, although the percentage increases are larger in summer (June‐July‐August) than in winter (December‐January‐February) by a factor of 3. Despite enhancements in AAOD, OMI AOD exhibits insignificant trend over most of the U.S. except parts of the central and western U.S., the latter which may partly be due to decreases in precipitation. Trends in AAOD contrast with declining trends in surface concentrations of black carbon (BC) aerosol. Interannual variability of local biomass burning emissions of BC may contribute to the positive trend in AAOD over the western U.S. Changes in both dust aerosol measured at the surface (in terms of concentration and size) and dust AAOD indicate distinct enhancements, especially over the central U.S. by 50–100%, which appears to be one of the major factors that impacts positive trends in AAOD.
Terrestrial ecosystem model performance in simulating productivity and its vulnerability to climate change in the northern permafrost region
Authors: Xia Jianyang , McGuire A. David , Lawrence David , Burke Eleanor , Chen Guangsheng , Chen Xiaodong , Delire Christine , Koven Charles , MacDougall Andrew , Peng Shushi , Rinke Annette , Saito Kazuyuki , Zhang Wenxin , Alkama Ramdane , Bohn Theodore J. , Ciais Philippe , Decharme Bertrand , Gouttevin Isabelle , Hajima Tomohiro , Hayes Daniel J. , Huang Kun , Ji Duoying , Krinner Gerhard , Lettenmaier Dennis P. , Miller Paul A. , Moore John C. , Smith Benjamin , Sueyoshi Tetsuo , Shi Zheng , Yan Liming , Liang Junyi , Jiang Lifen , Zhang Qian , Luo Yiqi
Published: January 2017

Realistic projection of future climate‐carbon (C) cycle feedbacks requires better understanding and an improved representation of the C cycle in permafrost regions in the current generation of Earth system models. Here we evaluated 10 terrestrial ecosystem models for their estimates of net primary productivity (NPP) and responses to historical climate change in permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere. In comparison with the satellite estimate from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; 246 ± 6 g C m−2 yr−1), most models produced higher NPP (309 ± 12 g C m−2 yr−1) over the permafrost region during 2000–2009. By comparing the simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) with a flux tower‐based database, we found that although mean GPP among the models was only overestimated by 10% over 1982–2009, there was a twofold discrepancy among models (380 to 800 g C m−2 yr−1), which mainly resulted from differences in simulated maximum monthly GPP (GPPmax). Most models overestimated C use efficiency (CUE) as compared to observations at both regional and site levels. Further analysis shows that model variability of GPP and CUE are nonlinearly correlated to variability in specific leaf area and the maximum rate of carboxylation by the enzyme Rubisco at 25°C (Vcmax_25), respectively. The models also varied in their sensitivities of NPP, GPP, and CUE to historical changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration. These results indicate that model predictive ability of the C cycle in permafrost regions can be improved by better representation of the processes controlling CUE and GPPmax as well as their sensitivity to climate change.
Maternal depression and intimate partner violence exposure: Longitudinal analyses of the development of aggressive behavior in an at‐risk sample
Authors: Holmes Megan R. , Yoon Susan , Berg Kristen A.
Published: January 2017

A substantial body of literature has documented the negative effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on a wide range of children's developmental outcomes. However, whether a child's exposure to IPV leads to increased adjustment difficulties is likely to depend on a variety of factors, including the caregiver's mental health and the developmental time period when IPV exposure occurs. The present study seeks to improve our understanding of the long‐term effects of IPV exposure and maternal depression on the development of children's overt aggressive behavior. Longitudinal analyses (i.e., latent growth curve modeling) examining three time points (toddler: age 2–3 years, preschool/kindergarten: age 4–5 years, and elementary school: age 6–8 years) were conducted using 1,399 at‐risk children drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well‐Being (NSCAW‐I). IPV exposure during age 2–3 years was significantly related to concurrent aggressive behavior and aggressive behavior during age 4–5 years. At all three time points, IPV was significantly associated with maternal depression, which in turn, was significantly related to higher levels of aggressive behavior. There was also a significant indirect lagged effect of IPV exposure at age 2–3 years through maternal depression on aggressive behavior at age 4–5 years. Results indicated that maternal depression was a strong predictor of increased reports of overt aggressive behavior, suggesting that interventions to buffer the effects of IPV exposure should focus on relieving maternal depression and fostering productive social behavior in children. Aggr. Behav. 43:375–385, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of Anti–3‐Hydroxy‐3‐Methylglutaryl‐Coenzyme A Reductase Autoantibodies With DRB1*07:01 and Severe Myositis in Juvenile Myositis Patients
Authors: Kishi Takayuki , Rider Lisa G. , Pak Katherine , Barillas‐Arias Lilliana , Henrickson Michael , McCarthy Paul L. , Shaham Bracha , Weiss Pamela F. , Horkayne‐Szakaly Iren , Targoff Ira N. , Miller Frederick W. , Mammen Andrew L. ,   for the Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Study Group
Published: January 2017

Objective

Autoantibodies recognizing 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) are associated with statin exposure, the HLA allele DRB1*11:01, and necrotizing muscle biopsies in adult myositis patients. The aim of this study was to characterize the features of juvenile anti‐HMGCR‐positive myositis patients.

Methods

The sera of 440 juvenile myositis patients were screened for anti‐HMGCR autoantibodies. Demographic and clinical features, responses to therapy, and HLA alleles were assessed. The features of anti‐HMGCR‐positive patients were compared to those of previously described adult patients with this autoantibody and to children with other myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs).

Results

Five of 440 patients (1.1%) were anti‐HMGCR‐positive; none had taken statin medications. Three patients had rashes characteristic of juvenile dermatomyositis and 2 patients had immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathies. The median highest creatine kinase (CK) level of anti‐HMGCR‐positive subjects was 17,000 IU/liter. All patients had severe proximal muscle weakness, distal weakness, muscle atrophy, joint contractures, and arthralgias, which were all more prevalent in HMGCR‐positive subjects compared to MSA‐negative patients or those with other MSAs. Anti‐HMGCR‐positive patients had only partial responses to multiple immunosuppressive medications, and their disease often took a chronic course. The DRB1*07:01 allele was present in all 5 patients, compared to 26.25% of healthy controls (corrected P = 0.01); none of the 5 juvenile patients had DRB1*11:01.

Conclusion

Compared to children with other MSAs, muscle disease appears to be more severe in those with anti‐HMGCR autoantibodies. Like adults, children with anti‐HMGCR autoantibodies have severe weakness and high CK levels. In contrast to adults, in anti‐HMGCR‐positive children, there is a strong association with HLA–DRB1*07:01.
“It's Not Me, It's Not Really Me.” Insights From Patients on Living With Systemic Sclerosis: An Interview Study
Authors: Sumpton Daniel , Thakkar Vivek , O'Neill Sean , Singh‐Grewal Davinder , Craig Jonathan C. , Tong Allison
Published: January 2017

Objective

Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) experience severe physical limitations and psychological morbidity, but their lived experience remains underrepresented and is reflected in the scarcity of evidence‐based patient‐centered interventions. We aimed to describe patients’ perspectives of SSc to inform strategies to improve their care.

Methods

Face‐to‐face semistructured interviews were conducted with 30 adult patients with limited cutaneous or diffuse cutaneous SSc in Australia. Transcripts were thematically analyzed using HyperRESEARCH software.

Results

Six themes were identified: bodily malfunction (restrictive pain, debilitating physical changes, pervasive exhaustion), deprivation of social function (loss of work and career, social isolation, threat to traditional roles, loss of intimacy), disintegration of identity (stigmatizing physical changes, disassociated self‐image, extinguished hopes, alone and powerless, invisibility of illness), insecurity of care (unrecognized disease, ambiguity around diagnosis and cause, information insufficiency, resigning to treatment limitations, seeking reassurance, fear of progression), avoiding the sick role (evading thoughts of sickness, protecting family, favorable comparison), and perseverance and hope (positive stoicism, optimism about treatment and monitoring, taking control of own health, pursuing alternative treatments, transcending illness through support).

Conclusion

SSc inflicts major bodily and social restrictions that crush patients’ identity and self‐image. Uncertainties about the cause, diagnosis, and prognosis can undermine confidence in care, leading to anxiety and therapeutic nihilism. Access to psychosocial care to support the patients’ role and functioning capacity, as well as communication and education that explicitly address their concerns regarding management may potentially improve treatment satisfaction, self‐efficacy, adherence, and outcomes in patients with SSc.
Tri‐Layered Nanocomposite Hydrogel Scaffold for the Concurrent Regeneration of Cementum, Periodontal Ligament, and Alveolar Bone
Authors: Sowmya S. , Mony Ullas , Jayachandran P. , Reshma S. , Kumar R. Arun , Arzate H. , Nair Shantikumar V. , Jayakumar R.
Published: January 2017

A tri‐layered scaffolding approach is adopted for the complete and concurrent regeneration of hard tissues—cementum and alveolar bone—and soft tissue—the periodontal ligament (PDL)—at a periodontal defect site. The porous tri‐layered nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold is composed of chitin‐poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)/nanobioactive glass ceramic (nBGC)/cementum protein 1 as the cementum layer, chitin–PLGA/fibroblast growth factor 2 as the PDL layer, and chitin–PLGA/nBGC/platelet‐rich plasma derived growth factors as the alveolar bone layer. The tri‐layered nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold is cytocompatible and favored cementogenic, fibrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation of human dental follicle stem cells. In vivo, tri‐layered nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold with/without growth factors is implanted into rabbit maxillary periodontal defects and compared with the controls at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The tri‐layered nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold with growth factors demonstrates complete defect closure and healing with new cancellous‐like tissue formation on microcomputed tomography analysis. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses further confirm the formation of new cementum, fibrous PDL, and alveolar bone with well‐defined bony trabeculae in comparison to the other three groups. In conclusion, the tri‐layered nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold with growth factors can serve as an alternative regenerative approach to achieve simultaneous and complete periodontal regeneration.
Brazed Carbon Nanotube Arrays: Decoupling Thermal Conductance and Mechanical Rigidity
Authors: Hao Menglong , Kumar Anurag , Hodson Stephen L. , Zemlyanov Dmitry , He Pingge , Fisher Timothy S.
Published: January 2017

Bonding two solids at their interface is the most effective way to achieve a mechanically robust and thermally conducting interface. However, for high‐temperature applications, bonded interfaces between dissimilar materials experience high thermomechanical stress that degrades their performance in terms of cyclic stability (under thermal load) and lifetime. The present study shows that integrating a carbon nanotube (CNT) array as a stress‐relief element to a traditional braze joint mitigates the adverse effects of thermomechanical stress while preserving mechanical robustness and excellent heat transfer characteristic at the interface. A substantial reduction in total thermal interface resistance is achieved (from 41 mm2K W−1for bare CNT array to less than 3 mm2K W−1for a CNT array integrated with braze alloy). A brazed metal/insulator interface (between Cu and quartz) with a CNT array between them exhibits low thermal interface resistance even after extreme thermal cycling whereas the same interface delaminates readily when brazed without a CNT array. The reported technique provides a promising route for substantially improving the problematic high‐temperature interface, a major hindrance in achieving stable and efficient operation for systems such as thermoelectric generators that operate at elevated temperatures (above 400 °C).
Fused Nanojunctions of Electron‐Depleted ZnO Nanoparticles for Extraordinary Performance in Ultraviolet Detection
Authors: Liu Qingfeng , Gong Maogang , Cook Brent , Ewing Dan , Casper Matthew , Stramel Alex , Wu Judy
Published: January 2017

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) with radius of the Debye length have the optimal electron depletion effect for high‐performance optoelectronic devices. However, a major challenge remains in assembling ZnO‐NPs into 3D interlinked networks for high‐efficiency electron transport. Here an ultrafast thermal annealing process has been developed by exposing the ZnO‐NPs to excessive heat for a short period of 2 s. This enables the formation of NP–NP interface nanojunctions, resulting in nearly two orders of magnitude decrease of the dark current IDark and more than an order of magnitude increase of the photocurrent IPh under ultraviolet (UV) illumination. Moreover, the UV photodetectors based on such 3D interlinked ZnO‐NP networks exhibit extraordinary performance with high IPh/IDark ratio of 3.1 × 105, responsivity of up to 95.4 A W−1 at 340 nm UV power of 0.1 mW cm−2 (and up to 430 A W−1 at 0.003 mW cm−2), detectivity of 1.4 × 1013 Jones, and rise/decay time of 9.4 s/13.5 s. These results illustrate the critical importance of the NP–NP interface nanojunctions and provide a low‐cost pathway for high‐performance ZnO‐NP optoelectronics.
Designing an Efficient Multimode Environmental Sensor Based on Graphene–Silicon Heterojunction
Authors: Shehzad Khurram , Shi Tianjin , Qadir Akeel , Wan Xia , Guo Hongwei , Ali Ayaz , Xuan Weipeng , Xu Hua , Gu Zhongze , Peng Xinsheng , Xie Jin , Sun Litao , He Qiyuan , Xu Zhen , Gao Chao , Rim You‐Seung , Dan Yaping , Hasan Tawfique , Tan Pingheng , Li Erping , Yin Wenyan , Cheng Zhiyuan , Yu Bin , Xu Yang , Luo Jikui , Duan Xiangfeng
Published: January 2017

By exploiting the adsorbent gaseous molecules induced changes in intrinsic properties of graphene/silicon (Gr/Si) Schottky junction, the authors report a sensitive, low‐power consuming, multimode environmental sensor. By combining an array of Gr/Si Schottky diodes with a differential amplifier circuit, the authors are able to not only differentiate the temperature coefficient and humidity sensing, but also monitor the sun‐light exposure time. Our device is particularly sensitive toward humidity in both forward and reverse biased, and works in resistive as well as capacitive mode. Sensitivity of our devices reached to 17%, 45%, 26%, and 32% per relative humidity (%RH) for reverse biased, forward biased, resistive, and capacitive modes, respectively. In the reverse mode, the power consumption is as low as 2 nW. Moreover, our sensor response is highly selective, with sensitivity lower than 1% for other gases present in atmosphere including H2, O2, N2, and CO2. High sensitivity, low‐power consumption, multiple operation modes, and high selectivity promises application of our sensor for industrial and home safety, environmental monitoring such as indoor and outdoor air conditions, process monitoring, and others.
Rare familial TSC2 gene mutation associated with atypical phenotype presentation of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Fox Jonah , Ben‐Shachar Shay , Uliel Shimrit , Svirsky Ran , Saitsu Hirotomo , Matsumoto Naomichi , Fattal‐Valevski Aviva
Published: January 2017

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurocutaneous disorder that results from mutations within either the TSC1 gene or the TSC2 gene. Diagnosis is based on well‐established clinical criteria or genetic criteria. We describe an 18‐month‐old boy who presented with seizures and a single hypopigmented macule. He did not meet consensus criteria for the clinical diagnosis of TSC. Exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous TSC2 mutation (c.5138G>A (p.Arg1713His)) in the patient. This heterozygous alteration was detected in his mother as well as several other maternal family members. The mother and other family members with the mutation were asymptomatic except for the presence of hypopigmented macules. The phenotypic characteristics of the individuals in this family were not suggestive of a TSC2 mutation as none satisfied the clinical criteria for even a diagnosis of possible TSC. This case provides evidence for a unique TSC2 mutation that resulted in an atypical clinical presentation and indicates potential shortcomings of the current diagnostic criteria for TSC. These findings may have implications for genetic counseling and screening. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Signs of dysarthria in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Persson Christina , Laakso Katja , Edwardsson Hannah , Lindblom Johanna , Hartelius Lena
Published: January 2017

The aim of the study was to investigate how adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) performed on dysarthria and intelligibility tests compared with a control group. Ten participants with confirmed 22q11.2 deletion, five males and five females with a mean age of 31 years (range: 19–49), were compared with a control group matched for gender and age (five males and five females, mean age: 32 years, range: 19–49). Assessment of non‐verbal and verbal tasks reflecting respiration, phonation, oral motor function, velopharyngeal function, articulation, and prosody was performed as well as the Swedish Test of Intelligibility (STI). All assessments were made by two raters; inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability was acceptable. The participants with 22q11DS had significantly more problems than the control group on all investigated dimensions except the STI. Overall, the severity of their speech deviation was rated as mild to moderate. The largest difficulties were found regarding speech respiration, phonation, oral motor function, and velopharyngeal function. The results of the present study suggest that a neurological etiology could be added to the previously described structural etiology explaining the speech difficulties found in 22q11DS. Signs of difficulties in both speech motor planning and speech motor programming were found. Further studies are needed to confirm the results, as are studies of the association between structural brain abnormalities and neurological speech symptoms. For clinical purposes, it is important that clinicians have knowledge about the variable speech symptoms that may occur in individuals with 22q11DS and that they be aware of the complexity of the etiology of such speech symptoms. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Additional three patients with Smith‐McCort dysplasia due to novel RAB33B mutations
Authors: Salian Smrithi , Cho Tae‐Joon , Phadke Shubha R. , Gowrishankar Kalpana , Bhavani Gandham SriLakshmi , Shukla Anju , Jagadeesh Sujatha , Kim Ok‐Hwa , Nishimura Gen , Girisha Katta M.
Published: January 2017

Smith‐McCort dysplasia (SMC OMIM 615222) and Dyggve‐Melchior‐Clausen dysplasia (DMC OMIM 223800) are allelic skeletal dysplasias caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in DYM (OMIM 607461). Both disorders share the same skeletal phenotypes characterized by spondylo‐epi‐metaphyseal dysplasia with distinctive lacy ilia. The difference rests on the presence or absence of intellectual disability, that is, intellectual disability in DMC and normal cognition in SMC. However, genetic heterogeneity was suspected in SMC. Recently, RAB33B (OMIM 605950) has been identified as the second gene for SMC. Nevertheless, only two affected families have been reported so far. Here we present three SMC patients with four novel pathogenic variants in RAB33B, including homozygosity for c.211C>T (p.R71*), homozygosity for c.365T>C (p.F122S), and compound heterozygosity for c.48delCGGGGCAG (p.G17Vfs*58) and c.490C>T (p.Q164*). We also summarize the clinical, radiological, and mutation profile of RAB33B after literature mining. This report ascertains the pathogenic relationship between RAB33B and SMC. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase transformation and mechanical properties of halloysite nanotubes‐modified isotactic polypropylene filaments
Authors: Lu Yang , Liu Chun
Published: January 2017

Phase transformation and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with well‐distributed 0.3, 0.8, and 1.2 wt % halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are studied. The spatial distribution of HNTs in the iPP matrix is analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and found to be homogeneously dispersed. Phase transformation from molten to solid states is characterized by polarized optical microscopy under an isothermal condition at different temperatures and differential scanning calorimetric in cooling and heating at different rates. Average size of spherulites, the degree of undercooling and total solidification time of iPP decrease as the amount of HNTs increases, suggesting HNTs act as nucleation sites for iPP. More interestingly, the wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analysis only showed the formation of the α‐form iPP crystallites for the extruded filament, while kinetics results indicating the existence of β‐form crystals. These results together demonstrated the presence of HNTs leads to heterogeneous phase distribution which enhances the mechanical strength of the iPP filaments without reducing their ability for elongation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 44714.
Modulare Stahllamellenhallen von Hugo Junkers
Authors: Tutsch Joram , Hipper Andreas , Schling Eike , Barthel Rainer
Published: January 2017

Der für seine bahnbrechenden Erfindungen im Flugzeug‐ und Anlagenbau bekannte Ingenieur Hugo Junkers (1859–1935) entwickelte in den 1920er‐Jahren innovative Hallenkonstruktionen aus modularen Stahlblechlamellen, die weltweit vermarktet und gebaut wurden. Sie stehen in engem Kontext zur ebenfalls patentierten Holzbauweise Friedrich Zollingers (1880–1945). Die Bauweise gilt als Meilenstein in der Entwicklung des modularen Leichtbaus und bedeutendes Zeugnis der Moderne. Bedauerlicherweise sind nur noch wenige dieser Bauwerke erhalten.

Auf dem Gelände des ehemaligen Militärflugplatzes Oberschleißheim stehen derzeit noch zwei dreischiffige, tonnenförmige Hallen von 1934. Die Hallen stehen unter Denkmalschutz, zeigen jedoch einen bedenklichen baulichen Zustand. Sie gaben den Anlass für ein Forschungsprojekt, das von 2014–2016 am Lehrstuhl für Tragwerksplanung der Technischen Universität München unter Förderung der Meitinger Stiftung bearbeitet wurde.

Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen werden im Rahmen des Artikels zusammengefasst: Exemplarisch wurde ein Hallenschiff in Oberschleißheim mit einem 3‐D‐Laserscan vermessen und die Punktwolke in ein statisches Rechenmodell überführt. Parametrische Analysen brachten neue Erkenntnisse zur Geometrie und Fügung des Konstruktionsprinzips. Stu dien zum Tragverhalten zeigen verschiedene Schwachpunkte der Struktur auf, die für eine Instandsetzung unbedingt berücksichtigt werden müssen.
On nonlinear beta regression residuals
Authors: Espinheira Patrícia L. , Santos Evelyne G. , Cribari‐Neto Francisco
Published: January 2017

We proposed a new residual to be used in linear and nonlinear beta regressions. Unlike the residuals that had already been proposed, the derivation of the new residual takes into account not only information relative to the estimation of the mean submodel but also takes into account information obtained from the precision submodel. This is an advantage of the residual we introduced. Additionally, the new residual is computationally less intensive than the weighted residual. Recall that the computation of the latter involves an matrix, where n is the sample size. Obviously, that can be a problem when the sample size is very large. In contrast, our residual does not suffer from that. It can be easily computed even in large samples. Finally, our residual proved to be able to identify atypical observations as well as the weighted residual. We also propose new thresholds for residual plots and a scheme for the choice of starting values to be used in maximum likelihood point estimation in the class of nonlinear beta regression models. We report Monte Carlo simulation results on the behavior of different residuals. We also present and discuss two empirical applications; one uses the proportion of killed grasshoppers in an assay on the grasshopper Melanopus sanguinipes with the insecticide carbofuran and the synergist piperonyl butoxide, which enhances the toxicity of the insecticide, and the other uses simulated data. The results favor the new methodology we introduce.
Relationship Closeness and Self‐reported Willingness to Falsely Take the Blame
Authors: Willard Jennifer , Guyll Max , Madon Stephanie , Allen Jacob E.
Published: January 2017

One reason people falsely confess is to protect the true perpetrator. The current study examined whether relationship closeness influences people's self‐reported willingness to falsely take the blame. Utilizing theoretical work from the prosocial area, three potential mediators were investigated. Participants (N = 131) were randomly assigned to think of either a close or a casual friend and then read one of two scenarios that described a minor offense committed by the friend. Participants' willingness to take the blame was assessed, as well as their perceptions of reciprocity, feelings of empathy, and distress concerns related to their relationship with the offending friend. Results showed that, in both scenarios, participants more often took the blame in the close friend condition than in the casual friend condition. Reciprocity and empathy each uniquely and independently mediated relationship closeness, whereas distress concerns did not. Differences in the two scenarios, which describe different offenses, are discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shock treatment of corn stover
Authors: Bond Austin , Rughoonundun Hema , Petersen Eric , Holtzapple Carol , Holtzapple Mark
Published: January 2017

Corn stover digestibility was enhanced via shock treatment. A slurry of lime‐treated corn stover was placed in a partially filled closed vessel. From the ullage space, either a shotgun shell was fired into the slurry, or a gas mixture was detonated. Various conditions were tested (i.e., pressures, depth, solids concentrations, gas mixtures). A high pressurization rate (108,000 MPa/s shotgun shells; 4,160,000 MPa/s hydrogen/oxygen detonation) was the only parameter that improved enzymatic digestibility. Stoichiometric propane/air deflagration had a low pressurization rate (37.2 MPa/s) and did not enhance enzymatic digestibility. Without shock, enzymatic conversion of lime‐treated corn stover was 0.80 g glucan digested/g glucan fed with an enzyme loading of 46.7 mg protein/g glucan. With shock, the enzyme loading was reduced by ∼2× while maintaining the same conversion. Detonations are extraordinarily fast; rapidly cycling three small vessels (0.575 m3 each) every 7.5 s enables commercially relevant shock treatment (2,000 tone/day). © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:815–823, 2017
High concentrations of LH cause virilization in a postmenopausal woman
Authors: Ahmad Iram , Anawalt Bradley D.
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical Message

Some testosterone‐producing adrenal tumors can be successfully treated with long‐acting GnRH analogs and adrenal venous sampling can be useful to detect rare ectopic sex steroid‐producing tumors or confirm bilateral adrenal androgen hyperproduction in female hyperandrogenism.
Cyclic Steady‐State Behavior of a Fixed‐Bed Adsorptive Reactor for Reverse Water‐Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Parra Alejandro A. Munera , Asmanoglo Carsten , Agar David W.
Published: January 2017

Processes to use CO2 on an industrial scale are few and far between. One proposal is to apply the reverse water‐gas shift reaction (rWGS) to activate CO2 and produce syngas, which is one of the most versatile feedstock. The rWGS needs high temperatures to yield a favorable equilibrium, which entails high costs. To circumvent the unfavorable equilibrium at lower temperatures, a fixed‐bed adsorptive reactor is proposed as a potential solution. The adsorption functionality leads to a periodic operation, due to the regeneration step. The cyclic steady‐state behavior of the system is modeled and then optimized based on a technical objective function. Improvements in the objective function of above 800 % can be achieved by manipulating the temperature and concentration profiles inside the reactor.
Absence of DCIR1 reduces the mortality rate of endotoxemic hepatitis in mice
Authors: Ishiguro Toshifumi , Fukawa Tetsuya , Akaki Kotaro , Nagaoka Koji , Takeda Tatsuki , Iwakura Yoichiro , Inaba Kayo , Takahara Kazuhiko
Published: January 2017

Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a C‐type lectin with an immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibitory motif (ITIM). Mice lacking DCIR1 (Dcir1−/− mice) show higher susceptibility to chronic arthritis with increasing age, suggesting that DCIR1 is involved in immune modulation via its ITIM. However, the role of DCIR1 in acute immune responses is not clear. In this study, we explored its role in acute experimental hepatitis. Upon injection of d‐galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide, Dcir1−/− mice showed decreased mortality rates and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase. In early onset hepatitis, serum levels of TNF‐α, which primarily cause inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis, were significantly lower in Dcir1−/− mice than in WT mice. In the liver of Dcir1−/− mice, influx of neutrophils and other leukocytes decreased. Consistently, the levels of neutrophil‐chemoattractant chemokine CXCL1/KC, but not CXCL2/MIP‐2, were lower in Dcir1−/− mice than in WT mice. However, chemotaxis of Dcir1−/− neutrophils to CXCL1/KC appeared normal. Pervanadate treatment induced binding of DCIR1 and Src homology region 2 domain‐containing phosphatase (SHP)‐2, possibly leading to CXCL1/KC expression. These results suggest that DCIR1 is involved in exacerbation of endotoxemic hepatitis, providing a new therapeutic target for lethal hepatitis.
Effect of pretreatment process on the characteristics of activated carbons produced from chemical activation of scrap tire
Authors: Moaseri Ehsan , Karimi Majid , Kiani Shirin , Ahmadpour Ali
Published: January 2017

The effect of pretreatment process has been studied on the properties of prepared activated carbons (AC) from scrap tires. The activation of ACs was chemically performed by KOH as activating agent. Different pretreatment agents have been used including toluene and three strong acids (nitric, hydrochloric, and sulfuric). The obtained results indicate that the pretreatment process can significantly improve the adsorption capacity (iodine number) of the prepared ACs. The toluene‐H2SO4 pretreatment process yielded the best results improving the iodine number of the ACs up to ∼20%. The carbon yield of around 25% with density of 0.31 g/cm3 was achieved for the ACs pretreated with toluene‐H2SO4 and chemically activated with KOH. The surface characteristics of ACs were studied by scanning electron microscopy revealing structural transformation of the ACs into well‐developed porous media caused by toluene‐H2SO4 pretreatment. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 796–801, 2017
A microswitch‐based program for promoting initial ambulation responses: An evaluation with two girls with multiple disabilities
Authors: Stasolla Fabrizio , Caffò Alessandro O. , Perilli Viviana , Boccasini Adele , Stella Anna , Damiani Rita , Albano Vincenza , Damato Concetta
Published: January 2017

We assessed the use of a microswitch‐based program for promoting ambulation responses by two children with multiple disabilities. The goals of the study were to: (a) evaluate the importance of the contingency between the target behavior (forward step) and the programmed consequence (preferred stimuli), (b) measure effects of the intervention on indices of happiness, and (c) assess the social validation of the procedure using 20 physiotherapists as external raters. The intervention involved the automatic delivery of preferred stimuli contingent on forward steps. Results showed that both participants improved their performance (forward steps and indices of happiness) during contingent reinforcement phases compared to baseline and noncontingent reinforcement phases. Moreover, physiotherapists rated the intervention as socially valid.
Triglyceride dependent differentiation of obesity in adipose tissues by FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics
Authors: Kucuk Baloglu Fatma , Baloglu Onur , Heise Sebastian , Brockmann Gudrun , Severcan Feride
Published: January 2017

The excess deposition of triglycerides in adipose tissue is the main reason of obesity and causes excess release of fatty acids to the circulatory system resulting in obesity and insulin resistance. Body mass index and waist circumference are not precise measure of obesity and obesity related metabolic diseases. Therefore, in the current study, it was aimed to propose triglyceride bands located at 1770–1720 cm–1 spectral region as a more sensitive obesity related biomarker using the diagnostic potential of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in subcutaneous (SCAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissues.

The adipose tissue samples were obtained from 10 weeks old male control (DBA/2J) (n = 6) and four different obese BFMI mice lines (n = 6 per group). FTIR spectroscopy coupled with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the spectra of triglyceride bands as a diagnostic tool in the discrimination of the samples. Successful discrimination of the obese, obesity related insulin resistant and control groups were achieved with high sensitivity and specificity.

The results revealed the power of FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric approaches in internal diagnosis of abdominal obesity based on the spectral differences in the triglyceride region that can be used as a spectral marker.

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Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate in Reactions with Substituted 3‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐6‐R1‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5‐(2H)‐ones: Structure and Properties of the Products
Authors: Voskoboynik Olexii Yu. , Кovalenko Sergiy I. , Okovytyy Sergiy I. , Shishkina Svitlana V.
Published: January 2017

The article describes unusual [5 + 1]‐cyclocondensations of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD), in which this reagent uncharacteristically acts as a 1,1‐biselelectrophilic agent. Reactions of DMAD with 1,5‐bisnucleophilic 3‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐6‐R1‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5(2H)‐ones yielded triazinoquinazoline‐derived diesters. The latter was shown to react with nucleophiles: hydrazine cleaved the pyrimidine ring of the diesters to give anilines, while ester hydrolysis furnished corresponding carboxylic acids.
Cyclops lesions are associated with altered gait patterns and medial knee joint cartilage degeneration at 1 year after ACL‐reconstruction
Authors: Samaan Michael A. , Facchetti Luca , Pedoia Valentina , Tanaka Matthew S. , Link Thomas M. , Souza Richard B. , Ma C. Benjamin , Li Xiaojuan
Published: January 2017

In this exploratory study, gait analysis and quantitative MRI (QMRI) were used to assess biomechanical differences in patients that present with cyclops lesions at 12 months after ACL‐reconstruction (ACLR). Thirty ACLR patients without and 10 ACLR patients with cyclops lesions underwent 3T MR T1ρ mapping of the reconstructed knee joint prior to ACLR and at 12 months after ACLR, as well as a gait assessment during a fixed walking speed at 12 months after ACLR. Both external sagittal and frontal plane knee joint moments and joint moment impulses were calculated and assessed throughout the stance phase of gait. ACLR patients with cyclops lesions demonstrated a significantly greater (34% larger, p = 0.03) first peak knee flexion moment (KFM) and KFM impulse (42% larger, p = 0.05), compared to those without cyclops lesions, which may suggest an increased load during the loading response phase of gait. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in knee extension or adduction joint moments or moment impulses. ACLR patients with cyclops lesions demonstrated a significantly increased change in T1ρ (ΔT1ρ = 4.7 ms, p = 0.03), over 12 months, within the central medial tibia. The results of the study suggest that ACLR patients with cyclops lesions demonstrate altered sagittal plane loading patterns which may be related to an increased rate of medial tibiofemoral cartilage degeneration at 12 months after ACLR. The first peak external KFM may be an important target for intervention programs in ACLR patients with cyclops lesions in order to possibly slow the onset or progression of medial tibiofemoral cartilage degeneration. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2275–2281, 2017.
Co‐Delivery of Docetaxel and p44/42 MAPK siRNA Using PSMA Antibody‐Conjugated BSA‐PEI Layer‐by‐Layer Nanoparticles for Prostate Cancer Target Therapy
Authors: Pang See‐Tong , Lin Feng‐Wei , Chuang Cheng‐Keng , Yang Hung‐Wei
Published: January 2017

How to overcome the low accumulation of chemotherapeutic agent in tumor tissue and exhibit multitherapeutics remains an ongoing challenge for cancer treatment. Here, a simple method is demonstrated that used to prepare prostate‐specific membrane antigen antibody (PSMAab)‐conjugated fluorescent bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐branched polyethylenimine layer‐by‐layer nanoparticles (BSA‐PEILBL NPs) for co‐delivery of docetaxel (DTX) and p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) small interfering RNA (p44/42 MAPK siRNA) as synergistic and selective inhibition of cancer cell proliferation platform. The results show the levels of α‐tubulin and p44/42 MAPK in CWR22R cells are significantly reduced after treatment with PSMAab‐conjugated DTX/BSA‐PEILBL/siRNA NPs. Consequently, the 50% cellular growth inhibition (IC50) values of the NPs loaded with both DTX and p44/42 MAPK siRNA are ≈2.1‐fold less than those for the NPs only loaded with DTX. The median survival significantly prolongs from 18 d to upward 45 d compared to mice that receive same dose (12 mg kg−1) of free DTX. The results suggest this synergistic delivery system may be a promising clinical treatment in prostate cancer.

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The gut microbiome of hooded cranes (Grus monacha) wintering at Shengjin Lake, China
Authors: Zhao Guanghong , Zhou Lizhi , Dong Yuanqiu , Cheng Yuanyuan , Song Yunwei
Published: January 2017

Gut microbes of animals play critical roles in processes such as digestion and immunity. Therefore, identifying gut microbes will shed light on understanding the annual life of animal species, particularly those that are threatened or endangered. In the present study, we conducted nucleotide sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA genes of gut microbiome of the hooded cranes (Grus monacha) wintering at Shengjin Lake, China, by Illumina high‐throughput sequencing technology. We acquired 503,398 high‐quality sequences and 785 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 15 fecal samples from different cranes, representing 22 phyla that were dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. A total of 305 genera were identified that were dominated by Clostridium, Lysinibacillus, and Enterobacter. The core gut microbiome comprised 26 genera, including many probiotic species such as Clostridium, Bacillus, Cellulosilyticum, and Cellulomonas that could catabolize cellulose. The findings reported here contribute to our knowledge of the microbiology of hooded cranes and will likely advance efforts to protect waterbirds that inhabit Shengjin Lake Reserve during winter.
Identification and bioactive potential of marine microorganisms from selected Florida coastal areas
Authors: Christensen Anna , Martin Glenroy D. A.
Published: January 2017

The ocean, with its rich untapped chemical biodiversity, continues to serve as a source of potentially new therapeutic agents. The evaluation of the diversity of cultivable microorganisms from the marine spongeHalichondria paniceaand ocean sediment samples were examined and their potential as sources of antimicrobial and antiproliferative agents were investigated. The marine sponge and sediments were collected at different depths (0.9–6 meters) and locations in Florida, including Florida Keys, Port St. Joe in Pensacola, Pensacola Bay, Pensacola Beach, and Fort Pickens. Twenty‐one cultivatable isolates were grouped according to their morphology and identified using 16SrRNAmolecular taxonomy. The bacterial community identified consisted of members belonging to the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria (Alpha‐ and Gamma‐classes) and Firmicutes phylogeny. Seven of the microbes exhibited mild to significant cytotoxic activities against five microbial indicators but no significant cytotoxic activities were observed against the pancreatic (PANC‐1) nor the multidrug‐resistant ovarian cancer cell lines (NCI/ADR). This work reaffirms the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria as sources of potential bioactive natural product candidates for drug discovery and development.