bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bazı Yağ Bitkilerinin Yağ Oranları ve Yağ Asit Kompozisyonlarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: GÖRE Merve , KURT Orhan
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırma; yağ bitkisi olarak değerlendirilen aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.), keten (Linum usitatissimum L.) ve ketencik [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.] bitkisinin yağ oranı ve yağ asitleri kompozisyonundaki değişim sınırlarını tespit etmek amacıyla Samsun ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucu; yağ oranındaki varyasyonun aspir, keten ve ketencikte sırasıyla %6.86, %4.30 ve %3.07 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Doymuş yağ asitlerinden palmitik ve stearik asitteki varyasyonun aspir, keten ve ketencikte sırasıyla %2.01, %1.20, %0.97 ve %0.82, %0.40 ve %0.05 olduğu saptanmıştır. Doymamış yağ asitlerinden oleik, linoleik ve linolenik asitteki varyasyonun aspir, keten ve ketencikte sırasıyla %1.69, %4.00, %1.14; %5.50, %20.10, %1.98 ve %3.45, %20.70, %2.53 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Doymamış yağ asitlerinden aspir ve ketencik bitkisinde bulunan eikosenoik asitteki varyasyonun sırasıyla %0.20 ve %1.34 olduğu, sadece ketencikte bulunan erusik doymamış yağ asidindeki varyasyonun ise %0.22 olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç olarak diğer türlere göre doymuş yağ asidi kompozisyonu bakımından daha sınırlı ve doymamış yağ asidi kompozisyonu bakımından daha geniş varyasyona sahip olan keten bitkisinin, bu genetik alt yapısı ile istenilen düzeyde yağ kompozisyonuna sahip yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi amacıyla ıslah programlarında kullanılması daha avantajlı olabilir. Ayrıca doymamış yağ asitleri kompozisyonu bakımından her üç bitki türünün de biyodizel kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceği, aspirin Omega-6 kaynağı (%80.93), ketenin Omega-3 kaynağı (%49.50) ve ketenciğin potansiyel bir enerji bitkisi olarak değerlendirilmesinin yanında içerdiği yüksek eikosenoik asit oranı (%16.51) sebebiyle tıbbi amaçla da kullanılabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.
A complete biomimetic iron-sulfur cubane redox series
Authors: Grunwald Liam , Clémancey Martin , Klose Daniel , Dubois Lionel , Gambarelli Serge , Jeschke Gunnar , Wörle Michael , Blondin Geneviève , Mougel Victor
Published: December 2021

Synthetic iron-sulfur cubanes are essential models for biological cofactors in the more complex enzymatic environments. However, a complete series of [Fe4S4]n complexes spanning all biorelevant oxidation states (n = 0-3+) has never been prepared. Here, we demonstrate that the use of a bulky arylthiolate ligand promoting the encapsulation of alkali-metal cations in the vicinity of the cubane enables the synthesis of such a series. Characterization by EPR, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, UV-Vis electronic absorption and variable-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis reveals key trends for the Fe4S4 core’s geometry as well as for the Mössbauer isomer shift, which both correlate systematically with oxidation state. Furthermore, we confirm the S=4 electronic ground state of the most reduced member, [Fe4S4]0, in agreement with that proposed for the all-ferrous cubanes in Nature.
Cyclometalated Iridium-Coumarin Ratiometric Oxygen Sensors: Improved Signal Resolution and Tunable Dynamic Ranges
Authors: Wu Yanyu , Sutton Gregory D. , Halamicek Michael D. S. , Teets Thomas S.
Published: December 2021

In this work we introduce a new series of ratiometric oxygen sensors for hypoxic environments based on phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium centers partnered with organic coumarin fluorophores. Three different cyclometalating ligands and two different pyridyl-containing coumarin types were used to prepare six target complexes with tunable excited-state energies. Some of the complexes exhibit only phosphorescence originating from the cyclometalated Ir moiety, as a result of excited-state energy transfer from the coumarin to the Ir-centered excited states. Three of the complexes display dual emission, with fluorescence arising from the coumarin ligands and phosphorescence from the cyclometalated iridium synthons, and hence function as ratiometric oxygen sensors. Oxygen quenching experiments on these complexes demonstrate that the iridium centered phosphorescence is quenched under O₂ while fluorescence is unaffected. These sensors have good signal resolution, and the sensitivity and dynamic range, measured with Stern-Volmer analysis, span two orders of magnitude. This work demonstrates that this simple, modular approach for conjoining fluorescent and phosphorescent molecules can produce effective oxygen sensors with a wide range of attributes.
INVESTIGATION OF PROCEDURAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS IN ALGEBRA COURSES
Authors: DEMİRÖZ Erdem
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the procedural relationship between the psychosocial factors of mathematics learning such as attitudes, motivation and satisfaction and academic achievement in redesigned college-level algebra course sections. Evaluation reports on the redesigned courses show that they have achieved a level of academic achievement equivalent to and / or better than traditionally taught courses, including university-level mathematics introductory courses. However, the reasons for equal or higher academic achievement are not fully documented in the literature. In this context, the academic success of the university-level algebra course designed using the Emporium model was chosen as the focus of this research study. In this manuscript, in addition to the psychosocial factors of mathematics learning, mathematics achievement in the context of university algebra was also examined. The data related to the psychosocial variables were obtained from a likert scale developed by the researcher, and academic achievement data from the final exam grades of the algebra course. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The results of the study indicaed that satisfaction from mathematics teaching was the only significant predictor of mathematics achievement in college-level algebra; learner motivation and satisfaction were determined as important predictors of attitude towards mathematics, and attitude towards mathematics played the role of mediating variable in the relationship between student satisfaction and motivation in introductory level redesigned university algebra courses.
Effect of a full pilates group exercise program on transversus abdominis thickness, daily function and pain in women with chronic low back pain
Authors: Goldberg Noelia , Weisman Asaf , Schuster Snježana , Dar Gali , Masharawi Youssef
Published: December 2021

The Pilates method is often used in the treatment of nonspecific low back pain (NSCLBP). The effect of Pilates group exercising (mat and apparatus combined) on women with NSCLBP is unknown. Studies on the Pilates method often use ultrasound (US) to measure transversus abdominis (TrA) thickness in one anatomical location. We recruited 40 women, 22 with NSCLBP and 18 healthy women (active control group), to join five weeks of biweekly Pilates group exercising (apparatus and mat). Measurements included TrA thickness (left and right) at rest, during active draw-in maneuver (ADIM), and its TrA% change in three anatomical areas; Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ); and pain level (VAS). Before the study, no asymmetry in TrA thickness was noted as well as no between-group differences in TrA-thickness in three anatomic areas (in rest and ADIM). Following the intervention, TrA thickness increased during rest in the healthy group in two areas. No differences were noted between the two groups in ADIM in the anatomical locations. No between-group differences were found before the intervention in the TrA% change. Following the intervention, an increase in the TrA-% change was noticed in the NSCLBP group. A decrease in the healthy group was observed in area C. No effects were noted on the RMDQ and VAS. Five weeks of Pilates group exercising increased TrA thickness in healthy women and its percentage changed in women with NSCLBP. Measuring TrA thickness with US should be performed in three different anatomical locations on both sides. This measuring procedure has good inter- and intra-rater reliability and the potential to reveal physiological effects.
Configuring Taiwan’s Architectural Extensions
Authors:   , Yang Robinson
Published: December 2021

Amongst Taipei’s contemporary urban skyline of skyscrapers sits a secondary layer of prolific informal structures latching onto the existing modernist infrastructures of Taiwan, most prominently multistorey residential buildings. These structures resolve the spatial issue of the urban environment on the surface level and communicate a certain expression of Taiwan’s way of life, but just as importantly, they serve as a critique of modernist standards and homogeneous space.  This phenomenon is the result of the absence of planning and declaration of martial law under the KMT’s rule of Taiwan from 1949-1987. During this time, all top-down plans were reduced to one objective—to take over from China and return to the mainland (Illegal Taipei). During this time the government was negligent about these unrestrained developments in the city. In a 2011 exhibition titled “Illegal Architecture” Taiwanese architect, Ying-Chun Hsieh expressed a distinct view of this period. He wrote:  Fortunately, while the government was concentrating itself on regaining the possession of mainland China and on promoting populism, which made it weak, people were given a chance to breathe. Their creativity was released, and fabulous urban life finally arose in Taipei… (Ching-Yueh)  In recent years, the government has had a change of agenda; the demolitions of illegal extensions are now enforced and with it what has come to symbolise a Taiwanese’s way of life informed by decades of creative informal expansions and certain freedoms. Although government regulations emerge from safety concerns, this thesis argues that there is a superior procedure to overcome these issues without altering the culture: to create an architecture that references but does not imitate the context, therefore creating a new architectural language that retains the spirit of context and history of the everyday in Taiwan.
Afterglow: Belonging, diversity, and emotional expression in barbershop singing in Wellington, New Zealand
Authors:   , Ellery Joshua
Published: December 2021

Over the last three years, since the development of the Barbershop Harmony Society’s “Everyone in Harmony” inclusivity and diversification initiative, barbershop singing networks have increasingly broken down systems of class, gender and race. Despite a history of conservative and traditionalist musical practice, I argue that participating in barbershop music offers singers in New Zealand opportunities to express themselves and create lasting relationships in increasingly diverse social contexts. In light of this, this thesis explores ideas of belonging, camaraderie, diversity and self-expression in barbershop music in New Zealand, through ethnographic fieldwork conducted with Vocal FX chorus, based in Wellington, New Zealand. This thesis works through these ideas in three ways: I consider historical context and discuss who gets to sing, belong or contribute to barbershop music; I then explore diversity and Māori and Pacific Island influence in barbershop in New Zealand; and I conclude with a discussion of performative emotional expression in the barbershop style, and how that contributes to free and healthy modes of self-expression in a predominantly homo-social male space. These threads combine to display how ideas of belonging – both to an ensemble and to a wider, global style of music – and camaraderie are complex and culturally nuanced concepts in barbershop music contexts. Furthermore, this research displays ways in which established socio-cultural norms in barbershop contexts can be challenged by ensembles working in this musical style. Ethnography, including personal reflection through performative auto-ethnography and memory, informs much of the thesis. I draw on conversations with singers and observations of rehearsals and contests for Vocal FX to narrate many of the ways in which barbershop music works in New Zealand.
Documentary reality television's privacy problem
Authors:   , Newman Kent
Published: December 2021

Documentary reality television is hugely successful. The genre, which includes shows like Police Ten 7, Coastwatch and Border Patrol, consistently outperforms other television formats and fills free-to-air television schedules. In these shows ride-along film crews and body-worn cameras record agencies as they go about their tasks. Often these agencies are public authorities and their tasks are statutory functions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the genre’s privacy implications. It concludes that the genre is systemically unlawful. It is unlawful because it breaches the privacy rights of involuntary participants. The paper considers the privacy implications by examining the genre against the shared features of the publication tort and the Privacy Broadcasting Standard. Both of these consider that it is a breach of privacy to broadcast material subject to a reasonable expectation of privacy, where that broadcast is highly offensive unless there is an applicable defence. While the material broadcast represents the work of agencies, it also represents the personal stories of everyday people going about their lives. Often the moments captured are significant life events and intimate moments for those people. By agreeing to contribute to the genre, agencies agree to broadcast these life events without the active involvement of the participants. Research has also found that this is often occurring without informed consent. While the focus of this paper is on the private law implications of the genre, it identifies that some public authorities’ involvement in the genre may also be ultra vires. The paper finishes by considering why, if the genre is systemically unlawful, people are not suing. It considers that general issues with access to civil justice and the powers of the Broadcasting Standards Authority stand in the way of potential complainants. It finishes by considering some solutions that could improve the situation.
The Cross Roads of Heritage
Authors:   , Dalgety Philippa
Published: December 2021

This research explores an approach for adaptive reuse to enhance livability and greater connection to place within provincial towns of New Zealand. There are existing buildings which are often left in disrepair or considered too expensive to refurbish or strengthen. They are often demolished with little consideration to the building’s significance, therefore adaptive reuse has become a missed opportunity in New Zealand.  Many of our provincial cities have uninhabited large-scale buildings, which need upgrading due to being outdated and no longer fit for purpose. Seismic upgrading is a key factor in why these buildings are left uninhabited. One of the urban areas which this is prevalent is Whanganui. Whanganui has the opportunity to blend the old and the new built form to create a revitalized and timeless street appearance.   The regeneration of Whanganui can be achieved through adaptive reuse to enhance the crafted beauty of the town through its architecture. The revitalization of Whanganui can give guidance to other provincial cities in New Zealand while enhancing the quality of life within the town.  An in-depth analysis of the history of Whanganui, will allow for heritage significance to play a major role in the redesign. This design will be developed at three different scales to demonstrate how the built form can enhance connection to place and livability. These scales are at an urban, a built and a detailed scale.   The main cross roads linking the city of Whanganui to its river is surrounded by character and historical buildings. It will be used as a key area illustrating Whanganui’s past to better inform the future.
Mastering Maungawhau
Authors:   , Crawford Francesca
Published: December 2021

The Aotearoa (New Zealand) housing crisis and environmental shifts have inspired this thesis, which will address contemporary issues regarding Landscape Architecture, housing and urban design in Maungawhau (Mount Eden), Tāmaki-Makaurau (Auckland). Certain design decisions and some areas of local and national policy have restricted property development (or allowed poor development to occur). These developments have also limited infrastructural progress particularly in regard to sustainable urban planning strategies throughout Tāmaki-Makaurau in the past two decades in particular. The population of Tāmaki-Makaurau is rapidly growing, the 2018 census revealed a population increase of 11% in the past five years. Tāmaki-Makaurau is home to roughly 1.6million people, which is 1/3rd of Aotearoa‘s population. House prices reached an all-time high in 2016, causing major concern at a national level.  To tackle these issues of improving sustainable infrastructure and high-density housing this thesis will create a design strategy which will form a new urban fabric for Eden Park. The Master Planning strategy will take a cross-disciplinary approach. Involving Landscape Architecture, elements or urbanism, architecture and hydrology. The landscape, and water sensitive design will be the key drivers in how the housing mosaic is formed. Eden Park will be used as a blank canvas site of 105,300m2. The applied design will evolve as the site challenges the aims of the thesis, methods will be tested and the project will adapt as the site develops, the implementation of precedent and methods will be displayed in the design development and final design. This will result in a robust Master Planning strategy. A detailed urban design strategy will be a solution to the challenges set out in the thesis statement. The design development for Eden Park will intertwine with the wider Maungawhau network, this will be displayed in the final design drawings. The wetland will aim to treat a larger catchment of the area of 1,026,130.33m2, this means that the wetland will need to be roughly 20,000m2 so that the total catchment can be treated by this artificial wetland at 2%. The design goal is to create a multi-layered high-density housing assemblage and mixed use space that will stand as an example of a contemporary water sensitive and high-density design in action. The final design will be strong, versatile, and have the potential to be developed and expanded into wider networks over time in regard to using similar design strategy. I envisage a successful landscape design framework as a tool that aims to design more cohesive, innovative, adaptive and local high-density urban plans, which will respond to the demands of a growing population, ever-changing environmental conditions, and overall enhance a better quality of life.
"hey architect, ko wai hoki koe?" Decolonising mainstream placemaking in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors:   , Blundell Amelia
Published: December 2021

The colonising of Aotearoa, New Zealand has meant, for the most part, that decisions determining the past and future of our cultural landscapes are made by distant ‘experts’ within mainstream practices. Around the world, many Indigenous peoples remain resilient in defending their centuries-old knowledge and their inherent right to determine their own lives in the places around them. Although Indigenous placemaking is not new, it remains mostly unexplored and commonly misunderstood in Western theory and practice. As discussions of climate change, spatial and social justice intensify and inundate placemaking agendas, Indigenous placemaking emerges as much more than a box-to-tick, providing an entirely different ontological reality of what placemaking is and has the potential to be.  This thesis examines the relationship between mainstream placemaking and contemporary Māori placemaking. It assesses decision-making mechanisms and power structures within mainstream practice, questioning how placemaking kaimahi can better recognise the different aspirations of whānau, hapū and iwi. This thesis sought to capture and highlight the essence of contemporary Māori placemaking in te whare tapu ō Ngāpuhi, the far north of Aotearoa, New Zealand. ĀKAU, a design and architecture firm that works with local taitamariki in Kaikohe provided the centre point and case study for the research. In addition to this, several interviews took place with design kaimahi working within Northland.  This research found that the many place-keepers and place-makers of contemporary Māori placemaking create much more than built outcomes. It also highlighted significant opportunities for mainstream practice to transform how its practitioners and processes interact with our communities. This thesis demonstrates how mainstream methods of placemaking and professionals who prioritise rules over people and process, fail to be active treaty partners to contemporary Māori placemaking.
Active Shift Attention Based Object Tracking System
Authors:   , Ajmal Aisha
Published: December 2021

The human vision system (HVS) collects a huge amount of information and performs a variety of biological mechanisms to select relevant information. Computational models based on these biological mechanisms are used in machine vision to select interesting or salient regions in the images for application in scene analysis, object detection and object tracking.  Different object tracking techniques have been proposed often using complex processing methods. On the other hand, attention-based computational models have shown significant performance advantages in various applications. We hypothesise the integration of a visual attention model with object tracking can be effective in increasing the performance by reducing the detection complexity in challenging environments such as illumination change, occlusion, and camera moving.  The overall objective of this thesis is to develop a visual saliency based object tracker that alternates between targets using a measure of current uncertainty derived from a Kalman filter. This thesis presents the results by showing the effectiveness of the tracker using the mean square error when compared to a tracker without the uncertainty mechanism.   Specific colour spaces can contribute to the identification of salient regions. The investigation is done between the non-uniform red, green and blue (RGB) derived opponencies with the hue, saturation and value (HSV) colour space using video information. The main motivation for this particular comparison is to improve the quality of saliency detection in challenging situations such as lighting changes. Precision-Recall curves are used to compare the colour spaces using pyramidal and non-pyramidal saliency models.
Assessing bird predation on New Zealand’s lizard fauna using lizard-mimicking replicas
Authors:   , Florence-Bennett Brittany
Published: December 2021

Wildlife management is fraught with challenges due to the complexities of community ecology. Interventions aimed at restoring ecosystems, or managing species, can have unintended negative outcomes for target species. The effect of avian predation on native lizard fauna in New Zealand is not clearly understood, despite birds being regarded as top predators within mammal-free ecosystems. At least thirty-one species of bird have been recorded preying on native lizards, but few studies have directly addressed avian predation on lizards, with the majority of evidence sourced from published anecdotes. New Zealand’s herpetofauna are already vulnerable due to range contractions resulting from mammalian predation and habitat loss, with 87% of New Zealand lizard species considered ‘At Risk’ or ‘Threatened’. Understanding the risks posed to lizards will help to inform successful management of vulnerable populations.  I used lizard-mimicking replicas to identify and assess predation rates exerted by bird species on lizard populations within the Wellington region of New Zealand. I examined the use of lizard replicas as a tool to quantify predation by examining how birds interacted with replicas and comparing attack rates with novel items simultaneously placed in the field. I determined which bird species were preying on replicas, the extent of such predation, and whether site vegetation or daily weather influenced the probability of avian attack on replicas. Although attack frequency did not differ between novel items and lizard replicas, birds exhibited a realistic predatory response by preferentially attacking the head of lizard replicas. Interactions by birds with lizard-mimicking replicas cannot be confirmed as true predation attempts, but lizard replicas can nevertheless be used to quantify predation pressures exerted on lizard populations by opportunistic bird species.   Seven ground-foraging bird species were found to attack lizard replicas. Two species, the pūkeko (Porphyrio melanotus melanotus) and southern black-backed gull (Larus dominicanus dominicanus), were identified as high impact species. The average predation risk experienced by lizard replicas varied greatly across environments, with 0 – 25% of replicas attacked daily at sites. Canopy cover and daily rainfall were not significant predictors, but potentially decreased the likelihood of replica attack. Predation risk varied for lizard replicas as a result of differing assemblages of bird predators at sites, and the presence and foraging behaviour of specific predatory birds.   Predation by birds is likely to be an issue where predation pressure is high, or lizard populations are small, range restricted, or recovering from the presence of mammalian predators. When managing vulnerable lizard populations, managers should take into account the threats posed by avian predators so that lizard communities can recover successfully following the same trajectory as native birds.
“It came from me” – Māori representation in Ramai Te Miha Hayward’s authorship
Authors:   , Smith Sian
Published: December 2021

Addressing the critical question of authorship in historical film, this thesis considers Ramai Te Miha Hayward’s works dealing with Māori and Pākehā intercultural representations. During a time when Māori in film were severely underrepresented, Te Miha Hayward prioritised Māori perspectives in The Arts of Maori Children (1962) and Eel History was a Mystery (1968), subversively critiquing the continuation of assimilationist integration policy. These contributions, and Te Miha Hayward’s extensive interviews and unpublished manuscripts, shed light on the change in intercultural representations between Rewi’s Last Stand (1940) and To Love a Maori (1972), feature films that entail romance narratives. Te Miha Hayward’s positionality is key to each chapter’s methodology, locating her voice in extensive primary and secondary materials.   This work challenges the debate around film’s value as a source of history, engaging at an intersection of disciplines. The analysis of Rewi’s Last Stand interprets its narrative text and Te Miha Hayward’s paratextual discussion through mana wāhine and kaupapa Māori theories. Such interpretation looks beyond the finished text, to Te Miha Hayward’s affirmation of its historical relevance. Connecting her work with the social realism genre, To Love a Maori’s dual narrative speaks to Māori and Pākehā audiences in different ways, further criticizing assimilation and Pākehā discrimination towards Māori. Navigating the issues of authorial ambiguity is central to locating Te Miha Hayward’s voice, thereby illuminating her authorship. Hence, I argue her contribution to Māori representation in film demonstrates her self-determination as a filmmaker.
A Case For Student Housing: A holistic approach to student housing in the modern University learning environments
Authors:   , Swift Jordan
Published: December 2021

Learning and teaching methods in universities globally and in New Zealand are rapidly changing and adapting to technological advancements and virtual methods of information communication. As new research begins to shed a greater understanding of how we learn education providers are beginning to recognise that learning is a combination of active and passive events that occur both inside and outside the classroom. The idea that academic learning and personal development need to reinforce each other is changing the landscape of education. This brings to the forefront the question: what type of built environments can support and facilitate a more holistic learning suited to the evolving understanding of education and the needs of the future student?  To understand this problem I have developed three sub-questions tackling unique aspects of student housing:  1) What should the relationship between the university learning environment and student housing be?  2) What built elements are suitable for modern student housing?  3) How can the social campus life be enhanced through a more integrated environment?  These questions intend to establish a design outcome that caters to both the social needs of the student body, while also increasing the academic presence in students homes. This will be done through the examination of the importance of purpose-built student housing and the impact it has on their learning experiences. Furthermore, trends in modern student housing will be sampled in order to understand how the changing learning environment is altering the use of student living spaces. This will be important in the understanding of the rise of learning communities and their application to Wellington’s tertiary education sector.
Characterisation of a Novel Benzopyran Library Using High-Throughput Microscopy
Authors:   , Sheridan Jeffrey
Published: December 2021

Drug discovery is a multi-disciplinary field incorporating both chemistry and biology to create novel pharmaceuticals. Nature synthesizes a diverse range of chemical entities that can demonstrate a wide range of biological interactions, though often produces these compounds in small amounts. Using natures structural diversity as a template, organic synthetic chemistry can tap into the structures of natural products and provide novel structures as well as overcome supply issues through large-scale synthetic chemical processes. A novel benzopyran library was synthesised by Sandile Simelane by reacting 3,4,6,-tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal with various phenols to create a novel focused library of bridged benzopyrans. Each molecule has unique functional groups at defined points in the structure due to varying the functional groups on the phenol, allowing for variation within the library whilst retaining the core scaffold. In this thesis, the bioactivity of this novel benzopyran library was explored using a phenotypic screen measuring growth inhibition. A compound, S13, was determined to be the most potent in the library, therefore genome-wide screening was performed using S13. High-throughput microscopy of 4,100 strains, each with a different GFP-tagged protein, was utilized to determine proteins that increased in abundance or changed localization in response to perturbation with S13. Following treatment with S13, the yeast vacuole increased in size due to an aggregation of proteins in the vacuolar lumen. The increase in vacuole size was coincident with a decrease in vacuolar acidity, potentially disrupted autophagy and the upregulation of several proteins involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. Together, these results reveal a novel bridged benzopyran that increases vacuolar size and pH through an epistatic mechanism involving ergosterol biosynthesis.
Testing the behaviour of Australian brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) to candidate semiochemicals from conspecifics’ urine
Authors:   , Mockett Lauren
Published: December 2021

The Australian brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is a prolific introduced mammalian pest. Current pest control methods involve traps and poisons, but are proving to be ineffective long term solutions. As semiochemical lures are thought to be more attractive than food-based lures at low densities, researchers are attempting to utilize semiochemicals for kill traps. The objectives of this thesis were to create a testing protocol for use in a research colony of possums and use that protocol to test the attractiveness of semiochemicals found in possum urine that had been positively associated with possum attraction and interest in urine.. I hypothesised that there would be an observer effect present in the colony due to the nature of the colony husbandry protocols. There was no statistically significant observer effect present in the colony for eating, interaction, sitting, grooming or enclosure use (front or back). However, there was a trend (across the colony) that sitting and grooming increased in the presence of an observer. From these results, I designed an active presentation protocol for testing semiochemicals. I predicted that the most attractive compounds would belong to the acids and alcohol chemical groups. Overall there was no statistically significant difference between the semiochemicals. However, when taken individually there was clear evidence that five of the semiochemicals (belonging to the ketone, alcohol and phenol chemical groups) were more attractive than their control and the standard lure. It has been shown in this thesis that the attractiveness of semiochemicals can be tested in a small research colony. However, limits on colony size greatly reduce statistical power. For future studies, I would recommend increasing the sample size or instead developing field-based bioassays capable of being repeated across a greater number of sites, populations and therefore, individual possums.
The Synthesis of Malonganenone Analogues for Antiparasitic Structure-Activity Relationship Analyses
Authors:   , Andreassend Sarah
Published: December 2021

The most lethal causative species of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, has been reported as developing resistance against current antimalarial drugs in South-East Asia. New antimalarial drugs, especially those with novel modes of action, need to be established before resistance spreads.  The marine natural products malonganenones A, B, and C, isolated from the gorgonian Leptogorgia gilchristi, have recently been shown to inhibit P. falciparum parasite growth. Therefore, a library of malonganenone analogues were synthesised for structure activity relationship analysis. A range of purines, purinones, and pyrimidines were alkylated with simple terpenoid chains to generate malonganenone A and B analogues, while malonganenone C analogues were made by acetylation or formylation, then methylation of terpenoid amines.  The compounds were moderately active against P. falciparum infected red blood cells, but exhibited significant activity against Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African sleeping sickness. Off target activity was assessed by assay against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Steptococcus uberis and HeLa cells. The overall structureactivity relationship analysis resulted in the identification of lead candidate, geranylgeranyl imidazole (146), which had IC50 values of 10.2 μM and 3.4 μM against P. falciparum and T. brucei, respectively.  In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration of 146 against S. uberis and S. aureus was 16 – 32 μM and 128 μM, respectively. Compound 146 was inactive against E. coli and was also non-toxic to HeLa cells. In addition, a geometric mixture of E and Z isomers at the alkene closest to the imidazole head group was more active than just the E isomer as for 146, which suggested the Z isomer was more active than the E isomer. Therefore, the lead compound identified within this project was the 2Z isomer of geranylgeranyl imidazole.
The Impact of Educational Intervention on Young People's Understanding of Legal Rights in New Zealand
Authors:   , Ryan Julia
Published: December 2021

The Child and Young Persons version of the Rights Caution is read to young people to inform them of their legal rights during police arrest and questioning in New Zealand. Research to date suggests the way legal rights are currently delivered does not meet young people’s developmental needs, as young people do not understand their rights. This research aimed to examine: 1) the level of legal rights understanding among young people in New Zealand; 2) the relationship between age and understanding; and 3) whether understanding can be improved with a video-based educational intervention which provided young people with legal rights knowledge. In this study a community sample of young people (n = 99), aged 10 to 18-years, was used. Participants were assigned to two groups; one group received an educational video which provided legal rights knowledge, while the other received the legal rights as they are currently delivered in practice with the Child and Young Persons version of the Caution. Young people’s understanding of legal rights was then assessed in a semi-structured interview using the New Zealand Rights Caution Competency Questionnaire (Fortune et al., 2017). The results showed levels of understanding among this sample were low, with young people misunderstanding many parts of their legal rights. Regression analysis revealed age was a significant positive predictor of legal rights understanding, suggesting younger youth are most vulnerable to incomplete legal rights understanding. Regression analysis also revealed the educational video significantly improved young people’s understanding across a variety of legal rights abilities, including their ability to remember and apply legal rights in hypothetical legal scenarios. The implications of these findings for policy and practice are discussed, alongside the need for the delivery of legal rights to address a broader range of young people’s legal rights difficulties; including young people’s lack of legal rights knowledge.
Energy saving potential of occupancy sensors in intermittent-use space types.
Authors:   , Alexander Georgia
Published: December 2021

For decades, studies have been suggesting the idea of occupancy sensors in intermittent use spaces for energy savings. This work investigates the potential energy savings of occupancy sensors in hallways, stairwells, seminar rooms and lavatories of an education building. Lighting is one of the largest consumers of energy in the building industry and these space types are often fully illuminated for long periods of vacancy. Lighting is for the user, not the building. Discussions centre around light use habits, energy saving behaviours and sensor technology such as time delay and daylight sensors. The experiment uses wireless light sensors and PIR sensors to measure light energy use and occupant use of 20 intermittent use spaces. A user survey was planned to run alongside the experiment to investigate user perceptions of changes in lighting but was discontinued due to unresolved software issues. Results of the experiment encouraged the use of occupancy sensors in intermittent use spaces. Lavatories attained highest energy saving potential 54%, seminar rooms highest annual cost savings per fitting $15.47 and highest annual energy savings 482kWh and hallways calculated the quickest payback of 8.6 years. Hallways, stairwells, seminar rooms and lavatories all offer potential for energy savings, supporting the theoretical ideas and success of occupancy sensors in intermittent use spaces.
Revenge Remix: TERROR NULLIUS (2018) and the Politics of Sample Filmmaking
Authors:   , Lynch Caitlin
Published: December 2021

TERROR NULLIUS (Soda_Jerk, 2018) is an experimental sample film that remixes Australian cinema, television and news media into a “political revenge fable” (soda_jerk.co.au). While TERROR NULLIUS is overtly political in tone, understanding its specific messages requires unpacking its form, content and cultural references. This thesis investigates the multiple layers of TERROR NULLIUS’ politics, thereby highlighting the political strategies and capacities of sample filmmaking. Employing a historical methodology, this research contextualises TERROR NULLIUS within a tradition of sampling and other subversive modes of filmmaking, including Soviet cinema, Surrealism, avant-garde found-footage films, fan remix videos, and Australian archival art films. This comparative analysis highlights how Soda_Jerk utilise and advance formal strategies of subversive appropriation, fair use, dialectical editing and digital compositing to interrogate the relationship between media and culture. It also argues that TERROR NULLIUS employs postmodern and postcolonial approaches to archives and history to undermine positivist, linear historical constructions and colonial mythologies. Building on these formal and theoretical foundations, this thesis also closely reads TERROR NULLIUS to scrutinise the accessibility of its arguments for Australian and international audiences: one reading utilises Donna Haraway’s cyberfeminist theory to interpret TERROR NULLIUS’ progressive identity politics, and the second explores the cultural and historical references imbedded in TERROR NULLIUS’ samples to unpack its commentary on contemporary debates in Australian politics (particularly regarding refugee detention and white nationalism). Ultimately, this multi- faceted analysis of TERROR NULLIUS’ form, content and references highlights the complexity of sample films’ political messages, which are radically open to diverse interpretations.
Towards Synthesis of Simplified Analogues of Pateamine A
Authors:   , Xu Tao
Published: December 2021

Pateamine A (22) is a natural product that was isolated from a marine sponge inhabiting the coast of New Zealand. It exhibits potent inhibition of protein synthesis and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay through binding with eIF4A isoforms. Due to the scarcity of pateamine A (22) in the natural source and the low yield of total synthesis of pateamine A, it is necessary to prepare structurally simplified analogues which would allow further research on structure-activity relationships (SAR) of pateamine A (22). Based on the structure-activity relationship studies reported by Romo and co-workers, a simplified triazole analogue 182 lacking methyl groups was synthesized by Hemi Cumming, a previous Ph.D. student who studied at Victoria University of Wellington. The antiproliferative activity of this analogue was found to be significantly lower than that of pateamine A, suggesting that the thiazole embedded within the molecule or the excised methyl groups are crucial for its potency.   Therefore, to further explore the necessary features for its selective activity for eIF4A isoforms, new thiazole analogues 183 – 186 and triazole analogues (10S)-and (10R)-analogue 187 were targeted in this project.    The preparation of the thiazole-containing macrocyclic core of analogues 183 and 184 was achieved. It features: (1) gold-catalysed thiazole formation through coupling between an alkyne fragment and a thioamide fragment; (2) preparation of the Z,E-dienoate moiety by base-induced ring-opening of a δ-substituted-α, β-unsaturated lactone; and (3) a modified Mukaiyama macrolactonisation. The synthesis of the triazole-containing macrocyclic core of (10S)-analogue 187 was completed. It features: (1) a copper-catalysed triazole formation through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an alkyne fragment and an azide fragment; (2) preparation of the Z,E-dienoate moiety by base-induced ring-opening of δ-substituted-α, β-unsaturated lactone; and (3) a modified Mukaiyama macrolactonisation. Studies on the preparation of a side-chain fragment with suitable functionalities to allow coupling with the various macrocycles through olefination reactions were also conducted.  The attachment of the side-chain fragment onto the macrocyclic cores for the synthesis of the targeted analogues 183 and 184 and (10S)-analogue 187 will be investigated in future work. These experimental results will inform the synthesis of new generation analogues to further study the key structures required for effective binding to the protein target eIF4A and selectivity between isoforms.
How did I use music therapy to foster connections between residents, and between residents and others in a rest home and hospital environment
Authors:   , Jansen Colette
Published: December 2021

Abstract  This study is submitted in part fulfilment of a Master of Music Therapy degree through Victoria University of Wellington (VUW). Group and individual music therapy sessions were undertaken within a rest home and hospital environment in response to the rest home managers request to bring residents out of isolation and increase socialisation. Facility notes, plans and observations, meeting notes, and reflective and reflexive journaling were written during a six-month period from February to July 2019. This clinical data was then used, with informed consent, to investigate how music therapy was used to foster connections between residents, and between residents and others within the rest home and hospital environment. Findings from Secondary Analysis of the data showed the overarching category of rapport led to the interplay of four main themes: interdisciplinary collaboration and teamwork, therapeutic approaches, physical and musical resources, and environmental conditions. The Community Music Therapy (CoMT) ethos supported the flexible work within the context to achieve the manager’s goals resulting in increased connection between residents, and residents and others. The use of reflexivity enabled the development of richer therapeutic relationships and helped align the researcher’s community musician skills to those of a community music therapist. Further studies which focus on rapport, connection and relationships, in music therapy with older people, are needed.
Climatic effects on rapid chemical and physical denudation rates measured with cosmogenic nuclides in the Ōhau catchment, New Zealand
Authors:   , Bellingham Maia
Published: December 2021

Understanding how active mountain landscapes contribute to carbon dioxide cycling and influences on long-term climate stability requires measurement of weathering fluxes from these landscapes. The few measured chemical weathering rates in the Southern Alps are an order of magnitude greater than in the rest of the world. Rapid tectonic uplift coupled with extreme orographic precipitation is driving exceptionally fast chemical and physical denudation. These rates suggest that weathering in landscapes such as the Southern Alps could play a significant role in carbon dioxide cycling. However, the relative importance of climate and tectonics driving these fast rates remains poorly understood.   To address this gap, in situ ¹⁰Be derived catchment-averaged denudation rates were measured in the Ōhau catchment, Canterbury, New Zealand. Denudation rates in the Dobson Valley within the Ōhau catchment, varied from 474 – 7,570 m Myr⁻¹, aside from one sub-catchment in the upper Dobson Valley that had a denudation rate of 12,142 m Myr⁻¹. The Dobson and Hopkins Rivers had denudation rates of 1,660 and 4,400 m Myr⁻¹ respectively, in these catchments. Dobson Valley denudation rates show a moderate correlation with mean annual precipitation (R²=0.459). This correlation supports a similar trend identified at local and regional scales, and at high rates of precipitation this may be an important driver of erosion and weathering.   Sampling of four grain sizes (0.125 to > 8 mm) at one site in the Dobson Valley resulted in variability in ¹⁰Be concentrations up to a factor of 2.5, which may be a result of each grain size recording different erosional processes. These observations demonstrate the importance of assessing potential variability and the need to sample consistent grain sizes across catchments.   Chemical depletion fractions measured within soil pits in the upper Dobson Valley indicate chemical weathering contributes 30% of total denudation, and that physical erosion is driving rapid total denudation. Chemical weathering appears to surpass any proposed weathering speed limit and suggests total weathering may not be limited by weathering kinetics. This research adds to the paucity of research in New Zealand, and for the first time presents ¹⁰Be derived denudation rates from the eastern Southern Alps, with estimates of the long-term weathering flux. High weathering fluxes in the Southern Alps uphold the hypothesis that mountain landscapes play an important role in carbon dioxide cycling and long-term climate stability.