bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelo conceitual de avaliação de propriedade intelectual com base nos fundamentos do Capital Intelectual
Authors: Pol Volnei Darino , Frey Irineu Afonso
Published: August 2024

A Propriedade Intelectual é um ativo intangível que gera valor e faz parte do Capital Intelectual das organizações. A administração eficiente desse ativo permite a obtenção de  benefícios financeiros e econômicos, conferindo também vantagem competitiva na Economia do Conhecimento. Esse processo implica em compreender o contexto relacionado ao Capital Intelectual e sua interação, por meio da criação de processos de avaliação eficazes, capazes de identificar os potenciais e diferenciais de novos conhecimentos. Isso abrange desde a concepção das ideias, passando pelo desenvolvimento, proteção, até sua introdução no mercado e consequente geração de valor para a organização. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um modelo conceitual de avaliação da Propriedade Intelectual com base nos fundamentos do Capital Intelectual que contemple tais demandas. Quanto à finalidade, esta pesquisa é aplicada e, quanto ao objetivo, é descritiva com natureza qualitativa e, quanto aos procedimentos, emprega métodos baseados em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados obtidos desse estudo incluem a criação de um modelo denominado de Modelo Criação, Proteção  e Negociação (CPN). O Modelo CPN possui três abordagens de aplicação, uma ex ante (antes da Proteção), uma constante (continua) e a ex post  (após a proteção). O Modelo CPN, integra em seus ciclos conceitos, fluxos e processos da gestão do conhecimento, da conjugação e interação entre o capital humano, estrutural e relacional, de análise sob pré-requisitos diferenciadores, legais, comerciais e tecnológicos para proteção e da valoração clássica baseada no custo, na renda ou mercado.
Relação entre maus-tratos na infância e alterações psicodinâmicas no idoso
Authors: Ribeiro Júnior Francisco José Pascoal , Lucena Hérika Juliana de Araújo
Published: August 2024

Introdução: A relação entre maus-tratos na infância e as alterações psicodinâmicas no idoso decorrem de experiências traumáticas vividas durante a infância que deixam marcas profundas e duradouras, de modo a afetar o desenvolvimento emocional e psicológico ao longo da vida. Objetivo: Propor uma discussão acerca da possível relação entre a ocorrência de maus-tratos na infância e a ocorrência de alterações psicodinâmicas na idade senil. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), Google Acadêmico e PubMed, utilizando os descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): “Maus-tratos infantis”, “Violência” e “Psicopatologia” combinados entre si pelo operador booleano AND. Resultados: Em linhas gerais, há um consenso de que o abandono e a violência contra a criança causam forte impacto negativo no seu desenvolvimento, afetando toda a vida adulta com sérias consequências emocionais e sociais. Os resultados deste estudo são semelhantes à de outros, indicando que alterações psicodinâmicas precoces estão relacionadas a transtornos psiquiátricos e alterações psicossociais ao longo da vida. Assim, observou-se uma carência de estudos nacionais sobre este tema, evidenciando a necessidade de mais pesquisas, especialmente longitudinais, para entender melhor essa relação temporal. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os maus-tratos na infância estão claramente relacionados ao surgimento e à perpetuação de diversos transtornos.
Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine and Implications for the Ukrainian Hryvnia and the Russian Ruble
Authors: Jo Hoje , Venderby Olivia
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the interest rates, expected spot rates, and inflation rates of the Ukrainian Hryvnia (₴) to the Russian Ruble (₽). Our methodology analyzes international parity relationships, including Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and the International Fisher Effect (IFE). Focusing on the four years from two years before Russia’s initial invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, i.e., February 2, 2020 to post-conflict up to December 2023, we hypothesize that the geopolitical tensions induced by the invasion have led to significant fluctuations and high volatility of these currencies. Additionally, we propose that the economic consequences of the invasion, such as disruptions to trade and food and supply shortages, may further affect these variables by increasing domestic and international money financing, therefore triggering higher inflation rates. Our analyses indicate that spot rates predicted using international parity relationships suggest the weakening of the Ukrainian Hryvnia after the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Our findings shed light on the magnitude and direction of currency movements, providing insights into the economic ramifications of the conflict. Specifically, we aim to elucidate how the invasion has impacted the region's exchange rates and economic stability.
Situational Teaching of Emergency Language Curriculum Constructs
Authors: Zhu An , Chen Peng-Fei
Published: August 2024

In the situation of sudden disasters, linguistic communication became a key part of disaster research. Both China and the West emphasized the importance of disaster education, and the development of emergency language courses in universities has become an important concern in the above context. This study constructs an emergency language course based on the situational teaching theory to improve the emergency language competence of Chinese university students. Firstly, the curriculum was designed using the situational teaching method, based on which the 4 units of the emergency situation design were used to prepare the draft of the curriculum. Then the content validity of the curriculum was reviewed by experts, finally form the capability indicators of emergency language talent and the simulation-oriented emergency language curriculum.
An Innovative Instructional Model to Foster Creative Thinking in Primary School Students in Thailand
Authors: Worapun Wittaya , Nuangchalerm Prasart
Published: August 2024

This research endeavors to address the pressing need for nurturing creative thinking skills among primary school students in the context of Mahasarakham province, Thailand. By systematically analyzing the specific challenges and requirements faced by educators, a comprehensive model for enhancing creative thinking skills was developed. This model integrates multidisciplinary methods, hands-on realistic tasks, and combines STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) education with the 6E technique. The study demonstrates the model's effectiveness in significantly improving creative thinking skills among students. The key findings underscore the value of multidisciplinary approaches, emphasizing experiential learning through practical tasks that stimulate creativity. The fusion of STEAM education and the 6E technique proved to be particularly impactful, aligning with prior research in the field. The research contributes vital insights and practical recommendations for educators and policymakers, urging them to consider multidisciplinary methods, STEAM education, and the 6E technique as viable strategies to bolster creative thinking skills in primary school students.
Predictors of Patient-Reported Outcomes After Hyaluronic Acid Injections: Effect of Expectations and Psychological Stress
Authors: Hall Anya , Lee Donghoon , Campbell Richard , Paul Ryan , Leider Morgan , Smith Brandon , Freedman Kevin , Tjoumakaris Fotios
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Hyaluronic acid (HA) injections are a common nonsurgical treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patient expectations and psychological stress are believed to affect outcomes after orthopaedic procedures.

Methods:

This was a prospective cohort study seeking to identify factors predictive of greater patient-reported outcomes after HA injections, particularly expectations and psychological stress. 250 patients receiving a series of HA injections for knee OA were enrolled, with 196 being included for analysis. Demographics, surgical history, and preoperative Kellgren-Lawrence severity scores were collected, and patients completed the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire, a modified KOOS questionnaire assessing their 6-month postinjection expectations, and the Perceived Stress Scale before the first injection. Outcomes were assessed at 3 weeks and 3 and 6 months after the final injection.

Results:

KOOS scores improved from preinjection to 6-month follow-up but did not meet patients' expectations or minimal clinically important difference. Expectations correlated with 6-month KOOS pain, activities of daily living, sport, and quality of life subscales (ρ = 0.19 to 0.34), but not the symptom subscale (P = 0.10). Expectations (ρ = 0.31 to 0.37), younger age (ρ = −0.17 to −0.18), and greater perceived stress (ρ = 0.23) correlated with greater improvement from baseline KOOSs. Lower body mass index (ρ = −0.19 to −0.22), male sex (ρ = −0.17), and greater preinjection function (ρ = 0.37 to 0.46) correlated with greater 6-month outcomes. Stress measured on the Perceived Stress Scale did not correlate with 6-month KOOSs (P ≥ 0.27). Lower Kellgren-Lawrence severity score was weakly associated with greater 6-month KOOS activities of daily living and sport scores (ρ = −0.15 to −0.16) and greater improvement in the KOOS symptom score (ρ = −0.15).

Discussion:

This study identified that higher expectations, lower body mass index, younger age, male sex, lower radiographic severity, greater preinjection function, and greater perceived stress are associated with greater patient outcomes after HA injection. Physicians should consider these factors when counseling patients with knee OA about viscosupplementation.

Study Type:

Prospective Cohort Study (Level of Evidence II).
Problematika Pembelajaran IPAS dalam Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Viqri Denada , Gesta Lara , Rozi M. Fattur , Syafitri Arini , Falah Andy Makarim , Khoirunnisa Khoirunnisa , Risdalina Risdalina
Published: August 2024

Kurikulum Merdeka menawarkan berbagai kesempatan belajar ekstrakurikuler, dengan konten yang dirancang secara optimal untuk memberikan siswa banyak kesempatan untuk memperkuat dan mengeksplorasi topik. Untuk lebih memenuhi kebutuhan dan minat siswa mereka, guru dapat menyesuaikan pelajaran mereka dengan memilih dari berbagai alat bantu instruksional. Kurikulum merdeka sendiri menampilkan pembaruan dari kurikulum sebelumnya, khususnya di bidang IPA dan IPS menjadi IPAS (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial). Tujuan mempelajari sains dalam kurikulum ini adalah untuk menumbuhkan keterampilan inkuiri, memahami diri sendiri dan lingkungannya, serta memperluas pengetahuan dan konsep pembelajaran. Minat alami siswa tentang dunia di sekitar mereka terusik oleh pendidikan ilmiah. untuk menyadari peristiwa yang terjadi di sekitarnya.
Implementasi Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Pancasila Siswa Kelas V
Authors: Cahyanti Windy , Damayanti Aries Tika , Wigati Trinil , Suyoto Suyoto
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik melalui penerapan model pembelajaran PBL (Problem Based Learning) menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan model Kemmis dan M.C Taggart. Dilaksanakan di kelas V SDN Panggung Lor Semarang dengan 28 peserta didik, terdiri dari 16 perempuan dan 12 laki-laki. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan tes pilihan ganda serta esai. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sebelum menggunakan PBL, hasil belajar Pendidikan Pancasila masih rendah, dengan hanya 18% peserta didik mencapai ketuntasan belajar di atas KKTP 70. Pada siklus I, meskipun terjadi peningkatan, hanya 29% peserta didik yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar. Namun, pada siklus II, terjadi peningkatan signifikan, dengan 82% peserta didik mencapai ketuntasan belajar. Penerapan PBL efektif meningkatkan hasil belajar Pendidikan Pancasila, memicu keterlibatan aktif, interaksi, dan pengembangan kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik, sehingga meningkatkan pemahaman dan kinerja peserta didik dalam mata pelajaran tersebut. Kesimpulannya, penerapan model pembelajaran PBL berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar Pendidikan Pancasila peserta didik kelas V SDN Panggung Lor Semarang dari rendah menjadi tinggi pada siklus terakhir, yaitu siklus II.
Habituasi Karakter Peduli Lingkungan melalui Kegiatan Menanam Tanaman Toga di Lingkungan Sekolah: Studi pada Siswa Kelas V
Authors: Tamalla Maulidina , Pratikno Ahmad Sudi
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi efektivitas kegiatan menanam tanaman toga dalam membentuk karakter peduli lingkungan pada siswa kelas 5 SDN Dlemer 2 Bangkalan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen pra-pasca dengan kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 50 siswa kelas 5 yang dipilih secara acak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan menanam tanaman toga secara signifikan meningkatkan kesadaran lingkungan dan sikap peduli lingkungan siswa. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya integrasi kegiatan menanam tanaman toga dalam kurikulum sekolah untuk membentuk karakter peduli lingkungan pada generasi muda. Dengan melibatkan siswa dalam kegiatan langsung yang menghubungkan mereka dengan alam, kita dapat menumbuhkan rasa tanggung jawab dan kepemilikan terhadap lingkungan.
Assessment Of Knowledge And Practices Of Influenza And Pneumococcal Vaccination Among Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes Patients In Bewal International Hospital
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Shuaib Muhammad , Ikram ul Haq Muhammad , Zubair Hafiz Muhammad , Khan Hasan Akbar , Najeeb Sara
Published: August 2024

Patients with diabetes have high risk of developing pneumococcal and influenza infections and are advised to take immunization for prevention against the disease. Objective: To determine the level of awareness and immunization behaviors for influenza and pneumonia among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes received treatment at Bewal International Hospital, Gujar Khan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at the diabetic clinic of Bewal International Hospital, Gujar Khan, from June 2023 to August 2023. A total of 200 patients with diabetes were included in the study. Socio-demographic details were noted on a pre-structured questionnaire. Questions about knowledge and practices of vaccination particularly influenza and pneumococcal were asked and responses were noted. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.0 ± 1.18 years. 193 (96.5%) had poor knowledge regarding influenza and pneumococcal infections and their vaccines.  An alarming 99% of the people did not have any clue about any vaccination against pneumococcal and influenza infection in patients with diabetes. Similarly, only 1.0% of patients had good practices regarding these vaccinations. Conclusions: The knowledge and practice of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in patients with diabetes is drastically low in the study population. The health care providers should educate the patients and the government should take concrete steps towards education and improvement of the socioeconomic condition of people along with cost-effectiveness and availability of vaccines for every individual
Empowering Sports Enthusiasts and Facility Owners: An Online Sports Field Booking System for Bhutan
Authors: Tshering Younten , Yangchan Tashi , Wangchuk Karma Jigme , Bhujel Sameer , Gurung Benita
Published: August 2024

With the country’s growing interest in games and sports, it is observed that there is a need for efficient sports field management. This project introduces an Online Sports Field Booking system, with an aim to have efficient sports management. The study identified the challenges posed by manual data recording and the absence of a centralized system. Therefore, our web-based solution which utilizes the Laravel framework, PHP, and MySQL for efficient backend operations aims to overcome these challenges. It employs an iterative development approach, the system allowing users to effortlessly check real-time field availability, search based on criteria such as field name and location, and effortlessly book sports facilities. Through iterative cycles of analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation, the project successfully overcame challenges, reducing risks and ensuring a high-quality system. This initiative not only addresses the growing demand for sports facilities in Bhutan but also aligns with the nation's technological progress, offering a user-friendly platform for both sports enthusiasts and facility owners/managers. By providing real-time updates and customer support, the Online Sports Field Booking system contributes to optimizing facility usage and enhancing overall customer satisfaction, and ultimately promoting an improved and connected sporting community in Bhutan.
Extensión universitaria y la construcción del conocimiento a partir de las prácticas sociales y el intercambio de saberes
Authors: Pereira Hugo
Published: August 2024

La generación de espacios de intercambio sobre experiencias de extensión universitaria entre la comunidad académica de Paraguay y del Brasil, tendiente a un enriquecimiento recíproco, fue el objetivo que reunió a docentes y estudiantes de las carreras de Sociología y Trabajo Social de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales (FACSO) de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA), así como a integrantes de la comunidad académica de varias universidades brasileñas que se sumaron al recorrido del año 2019 del Programa de Extensión Universitaria de perspectiva crítica y comprometida con el cambio social “Realidad latinoamericana”, de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo. La experiencia permitió una mejor comprensión de la realidad paraguaya y posibilitó la articulación entre la universidad y organizaciones sociales que desarrollan alternativas a un modelo de producción excluyente.
Presentación
Authors: Estigarribia Ángel
Published: August 2024

En su segundo número, los Cuadernos de Sociología, publicación del Departamento de Sociología de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA) continua en la promoción de reflexiones y discusiones basadas en la investigación científica y en la prospección intelectual de dimensiones críticas de la realidad social paraguaya, a los fines de visibilizar la perspectiva sociológica con su especificidad disciplinaria para la descripción, explicación y proyección del cambio social en la sociedad.
Repensar la pobreza, de Abhijit Banerjee y Esther Dufl
Authors: Estigarribia Ángel
Published: August 2024

Los autores, Abhijit V. Banerjee y Esther Duflo, investigadores de economía del Massachusets Institute of Techonnology (MIT) que fueron premiados con el Nobel de Economía en 2019, han realizado durante muchos años trabajos de campo sobre la pobreza con varias ONG y también con funcionarios gubernamentales de diversos países.Repensar la pobreza hace una evaluación de las políticas de mitigación de la pobreza y avanza más allá, pues recoge la experiencia de los pobres, no solo la relativa a sus impresiones de los programas gubernamentales y no gubernamentales sino aquella que anida en la vida económica misma de los pobres, de modo que llega a conclusiones muy distintas de las que comúnmente se tienen.
Una aproximación a las especificidades del proceso de acumulación en Paraguay
Authors: González-Cáceres Alhelí
Published: August 2024

En este artículo se presentan las especificidades del desarrollo capitalista en Paraguay, analizando, por un lado, el papel de la renta de la tierra en la acumulación de capital y, por el otro, el ciclo del capital productivo y su realización. Se sostiene que existen evidencias de un nuevo eje de acumulación basado en la predominancia del sector terciario, específicamente, de los capitales que operan en el comercio y en la intermediación financiera, frente a un repliegue del sector primario exportador. En ese sentido, en este trabajo se presentan los elementos que determinan el despliegue de las relaciones sociales capitalistas con especificidades propias en las que, además de la obtención de una renta diferencial en el sector primario, tienen lugar dinámicas de transferencias de valor desde la economía dependiente hacia los países industrializados, lo que esboza una forma particular de reproducción capitalista que incorpora la superexplotación de la fuerza de trabajo como un elemento dinamizador. Como estrategia metodológica se adoptó el método materialista – histórico y dialéctico.
La historia es una literatura contemporánea. Manifiesto por las ciencias sociales, de Ivan Jablonka
Authors: Mercado Cáceres Sergio
Published: August 2024

El texto de Jablonka es un manifiesto por las ciencias sociales porque es una llamado a comprenderlas en lo que les es connatural. La investigación, la verdad, la escritura, son aspectos que las unen con la historia. En este sentido, esta última no es vista como una “ciencia humana” como ocurre en nuestro medio.El libro que presentamos es un recorrido erudito por la historia de la historia, una reflexión sobre la literalidad de la historia y un cuasi tratado metodológico.No solo es recomendable para historiadores, sociólogos y antropólogos, sino para todos aquellos que gustan de los ensayos teóricos sobre la naturaleza de las ciencias sociales. ¿Gustará a aquellos que leen novelas? No a todos, porque muchos acometen la literatura como pasatiempo. Pero otros saben que en la literatura se habla de nuestra realidad, que hay una explicación del mundo, que hay pensamiento y una apelación a la condición humana. Aquellos que leen literatura de este modo encontrarán en este libro de Jablonka un estimulante ensayo sobre lo literario.
Serviço Social e Questão Social sob a ótica do método crítico dialético: reflexões a partir da experiência histórica brasileira
Authors: Junior José Carlos do Amaral
Published: August 2024

This article aims to present a bibliographic-documentary analysis of the concept of Social Question, its incursion into Brazilian Social Work and its relations with historical-dialectical materialism. Methodologically, through historical review, it demonstrated how the concept emerged in the conservative spectrum of competitive capital, later taking on a new approach through the contributions of Critical Social Theory. For Brazilian Social Work, especially after the renewal of its scope in the 1980s, the Social Question understood by historical-dialectical materialism became a fundamental element for the analysis and structure-conjuncture that supports the currently current mature form of the profession.
Article: Bidonomics Versus Maganomics: Pick Your Poison
Authors: Schoenbaum Thomas J.
Published: August 2024

This essay examines the international trade policies of Joseph Biden and Donald Trump, the two presumed candidates for President of the United States in 2024. I first analyse the trade law revolution effected by the Trump presidency, 2017–2021. During these years the Trump administration adopted a protectionist policy rooted in nationalism and populism. As a direct result of Trump administration trade policy there occurred: (1) a significant retreat from globalization; (2) paralysis of the World Trade Organization (WTO); (3) a revival of US unilateralism in trade policy; and (4) the US-China trade war.

When Joseph Biden became president in 2021, he did not reverse the Trump trade policies. Declaring his favour of a ‘worker-oriented’ trade policy, the Biden administration defended Trump’s tariff policies while continuing his hostility to both new free trade agreements and the multilateral trading system. Biden’s distinctive addition to Trump’s trade policy is a protectionist industrial policy featuring subsidies and a ‘buy American’ mandate.

Despite these similarities, Trump and Biden propose very different international trade policies for 2025 and beyond. Trump intends to adopt across the board protectionist tariffs of at least 10% on all imports and tariffs of at least 60% on all Chinese imports. The former tariffs will provoke numerous tit-for-tat trade wars; the latter tariffs will economically ‘decouple’ China and the United States. Both policies will raise prices and slow global economic growth. On the other hand, Biden eschews new tariffs. American policy will be rooted in industrial subsidies and ‘buy American’ protectionism.

Critics of both Trump and Biden propose a ‘third way’ set of international trade policies that avoid protectionism. This ‘third way’ would feature new free trade agreements with Asian- Pacific, European, and Western Hemisphere nations, a revival of multilateralism and the WTO, and a more constructive trade relationship with China.
Article: Plurilateral Agreements and the Multilateral Trade System: Lessons from the Past and Present for the Future
Authors: Nwadike Frances Chisomaga
Published: August 2024

The World Trade Organization (WTO) remains the leading international institution for global trade. As a member-driven organization, the WTO adopts decisions mainly by consensus. Whilst this promotes equality in decision-making between Members, it raises a challenge in a situation where Members are unable to achieve consensus required to adopt a decision. As a result, there is growing debate on whether WTO Members should adopt plurilateral agreements to advance their diverse interests in the system. This paper contributes to this argument by highlighting plurilateral agreements are part of the WTO system and have been used to strengthen the WTO, rather than weaken it and should be used in this manner.

This paper highlights that plurilateral agreements are common concepts in the WTO and have been used to strengthen the multilateral trade system. This paper provides an overview of the use of plurilateral agreements during the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) era and under the WTO. It argues that plurilateral agreements have strengthened the trading system by operating as legally binding instruments for WTO plus commitments, a solution to multilateral inaction and an avenue for autonomy within the WTO. It concludes by emphasizing that discussions on the trade system’s reform should consider plurilateral agreements as an avenue to strengthen the multilateral trade system rather than as an alternative to or an escape route from it.
Article: Lost in Transliteration: The Role of Interpretation in Resolving Regional Trade Agreement Conflicts Relating to Geographical Indications
Authors: Watson David J.
Published: August 2024

There are two models of regional trade agreement (RTA) that regulate the protection of geographical indications (GIs), one primarily advanced by the EU and the other by the US. Countries negotiating with both sides could be caught in the middle of potentially conflicting demands. This article examines this issue with reference to RTA obligations on the protection of translations and transliterations of GIs. It applies international law interpretive techniques to assess the prospect of agreement conflict. An analysis of the object and purpose of the RTAs, the justifications for protecting intellectual property (IP) and the history of translation and transliteration protection, both internationally and in the EU and US, allows for a harmonious interpretation of the obligations so as to avoid incompatibility. The article concludes by assessing the policy implications of this finding, including the importance of taking advantage of the margin of flexibility inherent in the implementation of RTAs.
EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: ATUAÇÃO DOS CEJAS NA SERRA DA IBIAPABA-CE
Authors: Silva Joe Hallyson Aguiar , Raitz Tânia Regina
Published: August 2024

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a Educação de Jovens e Adultos e a atuação dos CEJAS na serra da Ibiapaba-Ceará. Para tanto, a investigação procurou realizar um recorte histórico sobre a EJA no Brasil e no estado do Ceará, com destaque para a existência de 2 (dois) CEJAs, na Serra da Ibiapaba-CE. O estudo se baseou na pesquisa documental e de revisão de literatura como procedimento metodológico, a construção do estado do conhecimento levou em consideração os seguintes descritores: EJA, educação de jovens e adultos no Ceará e CEJA. A busca ocorreu no Scielo - Scientific Electronic Library Online, repositórios de instituições como UFRN, UFV, UFB, UFJF, UFC, UECE, UFMG, USP, Periódicos CAPES e SEDUC-CE. O trabalho foi organizado por tópicos, o primeiro consiste na historicidade da EJA no Brasil, já o segundo discutiu a atuação da EJA no Ceará e existência dos CEJAs. E o terceiro tópico traz uma análise sobre os CEJAs na Serra da Ibiapaba. Como resultados é possível destacar a compreensão da organização do CEJA no estado do Ceará e suas políticas que contribuíram com a formação de jovens e adultos, além da organização do currículo para que os estudantes da EJA possam permanecer nas instituições. Portanto, conclui-se que a EJA é extremamente significativa na formação de Jovens e Adultos, pois muitas pessoas não tiveram e não têm a oportunidade de estudar na época certa.
RELATO DE CASO: AMPUTAÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA À ÚLCERA DE MARJOLIN
Authors: Hirata Rafaela Grigoleto , Sá Luiza Lazzarini de , Costa Maria Juliana Bezerra , Queiroga Guilherme Santos , Pereira Caio Batista Brandão Dourado , Baqueiro Felipe Affonso de Andrade
Published: August 2024

A úlcera de Marjolin (UM) é um carcinoma de células escamosas, encontrada em sítios de injúria crônica, tipicamente localizada em processos cicatriciais de queimaduras, úlceras de pressão, osteomielite, úlceras venosas, entre outras lesões. A UM tem um caráter insidioso, com lesões agressivas, bem como um prognóstico ruim, com alta taxa de recorrência e de metástases. Destarte, o manejo adequado da lesão de origem, e o achado precoce do processo neoplásico maligno, seguidos de ressecção cirúrgica, quando possível, melhoram de forma significativa o prognóstico. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso raro de carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) em ulceração profunda de região calcânea plantar do membro inferior esquerdo (MIE).
The Invertebrates of Galeta Reef (Caribbean Panama): A Species List and Bibliography
Authors: Cubit John D. , Williams Suelynn
Published: August 2024

The fringing coral reef at Galeta Point, on the Caribbean Coast of Panama, has been under intensive study for approximately ten years. The combined studies of the reef represent approximately 5,000 person hours of field sampling and have documented the presence of approximately 775 species of invertebrates. A list of these species is presented here together with annotations to all known sources of information pertaining to the occurrence of these species on Galeta Reef. For most species these records are the southernmost in the Caribbean Sea.
In-herd prevalence of Salmonella in 25 selected Minnesota swine farms
Authors: Carlson Allan , Blaha Thomas
Published: August 2024

Objective: To assess in-herd prevalence of Salmonella and determine the serovar patterns in a sufficient number of swine herds for a long-term, multi-phase study on the infection-contamination-infection cycle of Salmonella. Materials and methods: 25 Minnesota swine herds were selected for the study. None of the participating farms identified clinical Salmonella as a problem in their operations. Ileocecal lymph nodes of swine from the 25 farms were collected repeatedly at slaughter by bluntly dissecting lymph nodes from the caudal mesentery. These nodes were macerated and cultured for Salmonella. Results: One or more animals from 16 of 25 farms were Salmonella-positive on the basis of ileocecal lymph node culture at slaughter. The herd prevalence rate was 64%. Overall, 3.69% of animals were Salmonella-positive at slaughter. The percentage of Salmonella-positive animals in each shipment varied from 0% to 33.3%. The total number of different Salmonella serovars isolated from any of the farms varied from one to nine. All Salmonella serovars isolated were non-species adapted, including serovars Agona, Infantis, and Newhaw. Serovar Choleraesuis was not identified. Implications: Zoonotic Salmonella serovars, which cause only clinically inapparentinfections in pigs, are prevalent in swine herds, and are of concern to the food industry. The pattern of Salmonella serovars on a farm tends to be specific but variable. Prevalence of Salmonella varies greatly not only among farms, but also within farms, from one production site to another, and from shipment to shipment.
Outbreaks of porcine reproductive failure: Report on a collaborative field investigation
Authors: Hurd Scott , Bush Eric , Losinger Willy , Corso Barbara , Zimmerman Jeff , Wills Robert , Swenson Sabrina , Pyburn Dave , Yeske Paul , Burkgren Tom
Published: August 2024

During the latter half of 1996, a series of abortion outbreaks occurred, primarily in southeast Iowa, with a clinical picture similar to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in a naïve herd. After initial foreign animal disease investigations proved negative, a collaborative case-control study was designed. Its objectives were to describe these cases of intense reproductive failure; attempt isolation of viral agent(s), particularly postulated variant strains of PRRS virus; and identify potentialmanagement risk factors. Eligible case herds were those experiencing a current outbreak of abortion and submitting samples to one of the seven participating diagnostic laboratories. Control herds were randomly selected by the investigating veterinary medical officer from a list generated by the referring practitioner. For both case and control herds, sow blood samples and fetal tissues were collected for PRRSV serologyand multiple virus isolations, and management data were statistically analyzed to identify potential risk factors. Seventeen case and 34 control herds were enrolled between June 25, 1997 and November 10, 1998. The PRRS virus was isolated from seven cases and one control operation.Sow sera were PRRS positive on 87% of case premises and 55.7% of control premises. These results suggest that the swine abortion outbreaks beginning in 1996 were more likely due to PRRS virus than to an emerging disease. The US pork industry is vulnerable to emerging diseases, and needs to develop rapid capabilities for recognizing new infections and novel pathogens and strategies for detecting and controlling emerging diseases.
Flank or belly nosing in weaned pigs
Authors: Straw Barbara , Bartlett P
Published: August 2024

Objective: To examine growth rate of pigs that engaged in, or were the recipients of, flank or belly nosing. Methods: Data was collected from 332 weaned pigs during a 6-week period after they were weaned at 16 to 18 days of age. Sixteen pens of pigs were observed for nosing activity during the first 16 days postweaning, and associated skin lesions and growth rate throughout the entire 6 weeks in the nursery were recorded. Results: Nosing activity was not observed until 3 days postweaning and peaked in number of pigs involved and duration of activity about 1 week after weaning. Nearly half of all pigs were observed performing some flank- or belly-nosing activity. Pigs that nosed were more likely to become the smallest pigs, although initial weight did not differ between pigs that nosed and those that didn’t. In this study, sexes were housed separately, and no difference between gilts and barrows was detected in amount of nosing activity, measured either by number of days observed nosing or total seconds observed nosing. However, barrows had more skin lesions caused by nosing than did gilts. Implications: Although flank or belly nosing is esthetically annoying to animal caretakers, it did not slow the growth rate of recipients. However, there was confounding of effect, since the most rapidly growing pigs were the most attractive targets for the perpetrators. While being a recipient of belly nosing did not affect growth, being a perpetrator was strongly associated with a reduction in growth rate.
Assessing the progressive decontamination of farrowing crate floors by measuring the decrease in aerobic bacteria
Authors: Kihlstrom Stacey , Morrow Morgan , Davies Peter , Luginbuhl Geraldine
Published: August 2024

Objective: To measure the progressive decontaminationof three farrowing crate floor types and evaluate the efficacy of a surfactant and two disinfectants, povidone iodine (polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine) and cresylic acid, used in the process. Method: Using a randomized incomplete block split-plot design, four treatments (two disinfectants, each with or without a surfactant) were applied to three floor types, including concrete slats, triangular metal bar, and plastic-coated expanded wire. Two areas were swabbed with a sterile sponge after low-pressure washing, power washing, and disinfecting. Material collected on the sponge was suspended in sterilesaline, and tenfold dilutions were plated in duplicate onto tryptic soy agar. Plates were incubated aerobically at 37 degrees C (98.6F) for 24 h, and colonies were counted using a counting grid. Results: After the last step in decontamination, mean log aerobic bacterial counts were similar on all three floor types, regardless of treatment. Low-pressure washing, power washing, and disinfection each contributed to the decrease in contamination, and use of surfactant had no effect on aerobicbacterial counts. Implications: Sequential low-pressure washing, power washing, and disinfection of farrowing house floors results in a major reduction of aerobic bacteria in the presence of residual organic matter, with each step contributing to decontamination. Afterpower washing, povidone iodine and cresylic acid were equally effective disinfectants, and use of surfactant was not advantageous.
Update on classical swine fever (hog cholera)
Authors: Gregg Douglas
Published: August 2024

Classical swine fever (CSF), commonly known in the United States as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral disease of swine caused by a Pestivirus related to bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) and border disease virus (BDV) of sheep. Virulence varies from mild to severe. Most current outbreaks are associated with moderately virulent strains.1 The classic virulent disease is now rather uncommon. Classic highly virulent disease characteristically presents with high fever, extreme lethargy, hemorrhages in numerous organs, neurological signs, leukocytopenia, and high mortality. Moderately virulent disease causes high fever, mild lethargy, mild hemorrhages in lymphoid organs, transient leukocytopenia (or none), and low mortality.2 Recovered pigs may have a chronic disease with intermittent fever and poor reproductive performance. Pigs born of infected sows may be persistently infected and carry the virus for life, but with no immune response. The virus can also be transmitted in semen to sows. An outbreak of moderately virulent CSF may go undiagnosed for months due to its mild nature and few lesions.
Erysipelas: Potential involvement in urogenital disease of the sow
Authors: Gertenbach Winfried , Bilkei Gabor
Published: August 2024

Although systemic infections with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in swine are usually associated with skin lesions, vegetative endocarditis, and arthritis, infections may cause abortion or influence stillbirth rate and litter size. In a large production unit that had ceased to vaccinate against erysip-elas, an increased incidence of pre- and postparturient vulval discharge, longer farrowing intervals, and a reduction in live-born litter size were reported. Anterior vaginal swabs obtained from 21 sows shortly before parturition all yielded heavy growth of E rhusiopathiae. When a vaccination program was re-instituted, the incidence of periparturient vulval discharge decreased, the farrowing interval diminished, and live-born litter size increased. In the absence of a control group, definitive conclusions cannot be made regarding the effect of vaccination against E rhusiopathiae on sow fertility. However, it is not unreasonable to suggest that E rhusiopathiae was involved in the etiology of the reduced sow fertility in this herd and that appropriate vaccination subsequently protected the sows.
Efficacy of ceftiofur sodium for the control of mortality in neonatal pigs orally inoculated with K88+ (F4+) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Hibbard Beth , Kausche Fabian , Lechtenberg Kelly , Hanna Michael , Robb Edward , Bryson Lawrence , Chester Theodore , Dame Kenneth
Published: August 2024

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of ceftiofur sodium (Naxel/Excenel Sterile Powder; Pharmacia & Upjohn, Kalamazoo, Michigan) administered IM once daily at 3 or 5 mg ceftiofur per kg BW for 3 days for control of mortality associated with K88+ (F4+) Escherichia coli-induced colibacillosis in neonatal piglets. Methods: Pregnant gilts susceptible to colibacillosis associated with K88+ E coli were farrowed in farrowing crates with solid walls to prevent contact between litters. A total of 29 gilts with 240 piglets were enrolled, with litters randomly assigned to study group by order of farrowing. Groups included uninoculated-no treatment, inoculated-sterile saline IM, inoculated-ceftiofur sodium IM (3 mg per kg), and inoculated-ceftiofur sodium IM (5 mg per kg). Treatments were administered on Days 0, 1, and 2. On Day 0, each inoculated piglet received 20 mL inoculum orally, containing approximately 108 colony forming units per mL of E coli strain M1823B (O157:K88ac:H43). Clinical observations were conducted twice daily for 8 days. Results: Mean mortality rates for the two ceftiofur-treated groups were lower than for the inoculated-saline group (P=.003). The proportion of normal stool scores was higher in ceftiofur-treated groups than in the inoculated-saline group (P<=.008). Average daily gain for surviving piglets did not differ among the groups. Implications: Ceftiofur sodium administered IM daily for 3 consecutive days at 3 or 5 mg per kg significantly reduced mortality and increased percentage normal stool scores in treated piglets inoculated with K88+ E coli, compared to untreated, inoculated piglets.
Immunostimulatory effects of an anionic alkali mineral complex solution (Barodon) on porcine lymphocytes
Authors: You Byung Woo , Choi Soo Il , Kim So Hyun , Yang Soo Jin , Koo Hye Cheong , Kwon Nam Hoon , Seo Sang Hoon , Park Bong Kyun , Yoo Han Sang , Park Yong Ho
Published: August 2024

The anionic alkali mineral complex solution, Barodon®, increased expression of porcine leukocyte subpopulations in treated pigs, determined by use of specific monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. This immunostimulatory effect supports use of Barodon as an alternative to antimicrobials for improving productivity in the swine industry.
Efficacy of prophylactic tilmicosin in the control of experimentally induced Haemophilus parasuis infection in pigs
Authors: MacInnes Janet , Paradis Marie-Anne , Vessie Gordon , Slavic Ljubomir , Watson Sheila , Wilson Jeffrey , Aramini Jeffrey , Dick C Paul
Published: August 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effect of in-feed tilmicosin on the morbidity, mortality, and production parameters of pigs experimentally challenged with a virulent field strain of Haemophilus parasuis. Methods: The study consisted of three replicates of a trial in which 19- to 22-day-old pigs were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups (nine pigs per group) on Day -4: unchallenged-unmedicated, challenged-unmedicated, challenged-tilmicosin 200 mg per kg, and challenged-tilmicosin 400 mg per kg. Challenged groups were randomly assigned to one of three rooms. The unchallenged group was assigned to the same room for the three replicates to minimize the potential for H parasuis cross-contamination. Medicated feed was provided ad libitum from Day 0 to trial termination (Day 21). Aerosol challenge occurred on Day 7 with a virulent H parasuis serotype 5 isolate. Outcomes assessed included mortality, gross lesions and culture of H parasuis at necropsy, clinical scores, and growth parameters. Results: Among challenged pigs, compared to unmedicated pigs, treatment with tilmicosin at 200 mg per kg of feed reduced the frequency of gross lesions consistent with H parasuis infection, culture of H parasuis, and H parasuis-specific mortality (P<.05), and improved clinical scores and growth parameters (P<.05), except for feed:gain. In addition, a significant trend (P<.05) towards further improvements in all parameters with increasing tilmicosin dose (400 mg per kg) was demonstrated by linear regression. Implications: Under the conditions of this study, tilmicosin was effective in controlling H parasuis infection in weaned pigs challenged by aerosol inoculation with a virulent field strain.
Influence of diet form (pellets or meal) on the optimal number of weaned pigs per feeding space
Authors: Laitat Martine , Desiron Alain , Canart Bernard , Nicks Baudouin
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To assess the influence of group size and diet form on performance and feeding behavior of weaned pigs and to determine an optimal number of pigs per feeding space for pellets or meal provided in a tube feeder. Methods: During six consecutive trials, feeding behavior and performance of groups comprising 30 (G30), 40 (G40), or 50 (G50) weaned pigs were compared for 6 weeks after weaning. A tube feeder was used for all groups, delivering either pellets or meal (trough length 64 cm; two integrated drinkers). Results: Mean ADG was 5% higher when pigs were fed pellets rather than meal (P = .06). Whatever the diet, ADG was lower in G50 than in G40 (P < .05). In groups fed meal, ADG was lower in G40 than in G30 (P < .001). Average time using the feeder was 4.7 minutes per hour for pigs fed pellets, and 7.3 minutes per hour for pigs fed meal (P = .003). Overall feeder occupation rates during the day were 139 +/- 30% for meal and 93 +/- 21% for pellets (P = .01), and during the night, 91 +/- 33% for meal and 54 +/- 15% for pellets (P = .03), assuming 100% is four pigs eating simultaneously during the observation period. Implications: Diet form influences the optimal number of pigs per feeder space. For the tube feeders in this study, the recommended maximum number of pigs per feeding space is 6.5 for pigs fed meal and 10.2 for pigs fed pellets.
Evaluation of transrectal real-time ultrasound for use in identifying sources of reproductive failure in weaned sows
Authors: Knox Robert , Probst-Miller Sarah
Published: August 2024

Real-time ultrasound (RTU) may aid in identifying sources of reproductive failure. In the month prior to observation, a commercial 2500-sow unit experienced an increase in the wean-to-estrus interval and reduced conception rates. A subpopulation of 52 sows was examined using RTU once daily on days 4, 5, and 6 postweaning. Transrectal RTU of the ovaries and uterus, performed following estrus detection, required 3.5 minutes per sow. To identify sources of reproductive failure, measures of follicle size, cysts, and time of ovulation were analyzed with sow records. Only 38 of the 52 sows expressed estrus within 7 days of weaning (73%), and only 29 sows ovulated (56%). Nine of the 23 sows that failed to ovulate (24%) were detected standing. Cystic ovaries were observed in four sows that failed to ovulate (17%) and in two sows that ovulated (7%). Of the 14 sows not detected in estrus, none ovulated (0%). The average estrus-to-ovulation interval, which was 39 hours, was influenced by the wean-to-estrus interval. Characterization of the reproductive tract may be used to evaluate the adequacy of estrus detection and artificial insemination procedures and the incidence of pathological conditions.