bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of exercise programmes in improving physical function and reducing behavioural symptoms of community living older adults with dementia living in Asia, and impact on their informal carers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sari Yulisna Mutia , Hill Keith D. , Lee Den-Ching A. , Burton Elissa
Published: January 2023

Background: There is a growing evidence on the benefits of exercise for older people living with dementia in developed countries. However, cultural, health-care systems and environmental differences may impact on the uptake of exercise and outcomes in different regions of the world.

Objective: This study synthesised the available evidence examining the effectiveness of exercise interventions on improving physical function and reducing behavioural symptoms in community-dwelling older people living with dementia in Asia, and the impact on their informal carers.

Methods: Six databases were searched to November 2021. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-experimental studies evaluating exercise interventions for community-dwelling older people with dementia living in Asia were included. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials and Downs and Black checklist had been used to assess methodological quality of the studies. Meta-analyses using a fixed effects model assessed the effects of exercise interventions where sufficient data were available. Mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to pool results.

Results: Nine studies (five RCTs) were included (Hong Kong-4, China-1, South Korea-2, Taiwan-1, Indonesia-1). Exercise improved dynamic balance [Functional Reach (2 studies, [Formula: see text] people with dementia), [Formula: see text], 95% CI (1.55, 3.67)], but not for the Berg Balance Scale ([Formula: see text], 95% CI [[Formula: see text]2.88, 5.07]), Timed Up and Go ([Formula: see text], 95% CI [[Formula: see text]7.27, 0.33]) and 5 times sit to stand tests ([Formula: see text], 95% CI [[Formula: see text]5.27, 1.54]). Single studies where data could not be pooled showed no effect of exercise on behavioural symptoms or impact on informal carers.

Conclusion: Exercise appeared to have a beneficial effect on improving balance performance among older people with dementia living in Asia, however, this evidence is limited and inconsistent, and should be interpreted with caution. Further high-quality large RCTs are necessary for advancing the evidence base of exercise interventions for this population.
Photophysical characterization of a bisacridinium-diphenylporphyrin conjugate
Authors: Ruani Federica , Edo-Osagie Amy , de Rouville Henri-Pierre Jacquot , Heitz Valérie , Ventura Barbara , Armaroli Nicola
Published: January 2023

A molecular conjugate made of a free-base diphenyl porphyrin chromophore (DPP) trans-linked to two N-acridinium units has been synthesized and photophysically characterized in acetonitrile. Interestingly, the emission of both fluorophores is quenched in the array at room temperature. Steady-state and time-resolved optical analysis proved that an ultrafast electron transfer from the porphyrin to the acridinium units occurs upon excitation of either the porphyrin or the acridinium moiety. On the other hand, at low temperature (77 K) the emission of the porphyrin is completely recovered, thanks to the inhibition of the electron transfer, and a photoinduced energy transfer from the acridinium to the porphyrin component is observed.
A porphyrin-based conjugated microporous polymer as a nanozyme for glucose colorimetric sensing
Authors: Liu Qi , Sun Qiqi , Shen Jingshun , Zhang Yuming , Li Hao , Yu Sirong , Chen Yanli , Li Xiyou , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: January 2023

The development of peroxidase mimics with enhanced peroxidase-like activity is critical to building a convenient and fast glucose colorimetric sensor. Herein, a porphyrin-based conjugated microporous polymer (FePCMP) was synthesized through a Pd-/CuI catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction. The FePCMP exhibited specific and superior POD-like activity evaluated by the fast oxidation of 3,3[Formula: see text],5,5[Formula: see text]-tetramethylbenzidine (a chromogenic substrate, TMB) to form the blue product (oxTMB) in the presence of H2O2. The outstanding POD-like activity is mainly ascribed to the Fe-N4 active sites and the cross-linked porous framework of FePCMP. Furthermore, the FePCMP was applied in selective colorimetric detection of glucose through a glucose oxidase biocatalytic cascade reaction with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.031 [Formula: see text]M in the linear range of 0.2–5 [Formula: see text]M. This study not only provided a new method for the design and synesis of specific POD-like nanozymes, but also the prepared FePCMP can be used as a POD-like enzyme for the colorimetric detection of other molecules, such as cholesterol, acetylcholine, etc.
Constructing Spatio-Temporal Graphs for Face Forgery Detection
Authors: Shang Zhihua , Xie Hongtao , Yu Lingyun , Zha Zhengjun , Zhang Yongdong
Published: January 2023

Recently, advanced development of facial manipulation techniques threatens web information security, thus, face forgery detection attracts a lot of attention. It is clear that both spatial and temporal information of facial videos contains the crucial manipulation traces, which are inevitably created during the generation process. However, most existing face forgery detectors only focus on the spatial artifacts or the temporal incoherence, and they are struggling to learn a significant and general kind of representations for manipulated facial videos. In this work, we propose to construct spatial-temporal graphs for fake videos to capture the spatial inconsistency and the temporal incoherence at the same time. To model the spatial-temporal relationship among the graph nodes, a novel forgery detector named Spatio-Temporal Graph Network (STGN) is proposed, which contains two kinds of graph-convolution-based units, the Spatial Relation Graph Unit (SRGU) and the Temporal Attention Graph Unit (TAGU). To exploit spatial information, the SRGU models the inconsistency between each pair of patches in the same frame, instead of focusing on the low-level local spatial artifacts which are vulnerable to samples created by unseen manipulation methods. And, the TAGU is proposed to model the long-distance temporal relation among the patches at the same spatial position in different frames with a graph attention mechanism based on the inter-node similarity. With the SRGU and the TAGU, our STGN can combine the discriminative power of spatial inconsistency and the generalization capacity of temporal incoherence for face forgery detection. Our STGN achieves state-of-the-art performances on several popular forgery detection datasets. Extensive experiments demonstrate both the superiority of our STGN on intra manipulation evaluation and the effectiveness for new sorts of face forgery videos on cross manipulation evaluation.
Local Communities’ and Parishioners’ Perceptions on Monasteries’ Forest Patch Plant Biodiversity Conservation in Northern Wollo Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Semu Arayaselassie , Bekele Tamrat , Lulekal Ermias , Coayla Edelina
Published: January 2023

Both anthropogenic and climate change threaten Ethiopia’s forest regions. Sacred and religious sites maintain most indigenous and native plant species. Northern Ethiopia farmed and settled for thousands of years, causing environmental damage and deforestation. This study examines biodiversity conservation perceptions and biodiversity preferences by local communities and churchgoers. Among the five monasteries in the area, two were selected based on the stated chriteria. The selection criteria for monasteries were a historical antiquity of more than 50 years and a thick forest cover of more than 10 hectares. Multistage sampling was utilized to choose sample residences. Respondents were chosen using simple random sampling and proportion to population size. Among the total population, 310 survey participants were selected. It was found that the commitment to biodiversity conservation of local people and parishioners is directly explained by age, education, the number of years in a status region, and income. It is highlighted that a higher level of education, age above 51 years, and middle-income socioeconomic status most significantly affect respondents’ biodiversity engagement.
Postmenopausal Hyperandrogenism due to Ovarian Hyperthecosis
Authors: Metzker Laryssa Santos , Ferreira Luyanne Azevedo Cabral , Borges Julia Caroliny Nogueira , Guzzo Mariana Furieri , Ferreira Rodrigo Neves , Silva Lucas Luciano Rocha , Cavedo Rodrigo Monico , Filho Antonio Chambô
Published: January 2023

Ovarian hyperthecosis or ovarian stromal hyperplasia is a non-neoplastic functional disorder resulting from the presence of luteinized thecal cells within a hyperplastic ovarian stroma. The condition is more common in postmenopausal women than in those of reproductive age and leads to substantial clinical and laboratory alterations, principally androgenetic alopecia, progressive hirsutism, and elevated testosterone levels. Investigation should include clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging tests to differentiate between the principal diagnostic hypotheses. The gold standard for diagnosis is histopathology of the ovarian tissue. The present case report describes a woman being followed up as an outpatient at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital in Vitória, Brazil. The objective in publishing this case report is to add to available data on ovarian hyperthecosis, thus contributing towards improving timely diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment would ensure better quality of life for patients with this condition and better physical and mental health. Moreover, these data should be useful both for the medical community and for future research into this disease.
Exploring the Impact of Avatar Customization in Metaverse: The Role of the Class Mode on Task Engagement and Expectancy-Value Beliefs for Fashion Education
Authors: Jang Juyeun , Kim Jongsun
Published: January 2023

This study aims to explore the impact of avatar customization in metaverse environments, especially for fashion education. Considering the unique nature of fashion as an educational field in which theories and practices are equally significant, the impact of class modes (theoretical versus practical) on expectancy and value toward the class in the metaverse environment is empirically investigated, with task engagements as mediators. Students’ creative self-efficacy, an individual characteristic, was considered as a moderator. A total of 38 female undergraduate students participated voluntarily. In the experimental session, the participants were randomly allocated to one of the two class mode conditions, theoretical or practical. They were then asked to customize their own avatars for use in the metaverse class and write a descriptive essay about the avatar they made. The results showed that the practical class mode evoked higher engagements (i.e., dedication and absorption), which demonstrates the participants’ positive expectancy (i.e., self-efficacy for learning and performance) and value (i.e., task value belief) toward learning in the metaverse class. Interestingly, participants’ creative self-efficacy played a moderating role in the impact of dedication on expectancy and value in different directions, while the impact of absorption was positive regardless of participants’ creative self-efficacy level. Additionally, we found that expectancy and value toward learning led to the participants’ positive class engagement intention.
An Empirical Study on Physical Subhealth Risk Perception: A Physical Examination Data of Tertiary Grade-A Hospitals in Anhui Province, China
Authors: Jiang Xueli , Zhang Liping , Gao Yufei , He Chengsen , Tang Zhiru , Sun Jiangjie
Published: January 2023

Background. Physical subhealth directly correlates to people’s work effectiveness and quality of life, so subhealth prevention has become an urgent medical problem. Methods. A random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of physical examinees from June to September, 2019. In total, 770 people participated in our study. The Pearson correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to explore the relationship among demographic variables, physical subhealth, and risk perception. Also, this study used a two-way interaction moderated multiple regression approach to examine the moderating effects of demographic variables on physical subhealth and risk perception. Results. The risk perception level was negatively associated with physical health. Age, education level, and subhealth proportion in the work unit all significantly and positively influence physical health, whereas living place, subhealth duration, and marital status negatively influence physical health. Living place, average annual household income, number of employees in the work unit, and subhealth proportion in the work unit significantly and positively influence the risk perception, and only age negatively influences the risk perception. The number of children had a moderating effect on physical subhealth and risk perception (Interaction coefficient α = −0.3,

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. To achieve the overall improvement of public health, relevant management departments can provide targeted interventions for the public with different levels of risk perception. Also, the physical subhealth of the public can be addressed by encouraging the public to attach importance to education, improving the public living environment to build a livable city, strengthening psychological guidance and intervention for couples heading toward divorce to reduce the divorce rate, focusing on the health of work unit employees and regularly organizing employees to attend medical checkups, and actively responding to the national policy of family planning.
About a Large Botryoid Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Little Girl: Management Difficulties and Literature Review
Authors: Mian Dehi Boston , Loue Vedi Andre Serges , Koui Sylvanus
Published: January 2023

Background. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare high-grade malignant tumor and the most common soft-tissue sarcoma, which occurs in young girl over 5 years old. Multimodality treatment associating with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy culminate in a >70% overall 5-year survival. This is the first case reported in 30 years of practice in Côte d’Ivoire, low- and middle-income country (LMIC). Objective. To summarize clinical data, the significant alternative chemotherapy efficiency and difficulties related to the prognosis evaluation in an LMIC. Case. A 2-year-old girl had been examined for a large mass in the vulvar region and clitoris. We carried out a biopsy for histopathologist exam. This allows pathologic, genetic, and biological characterization of nonmetastatic botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. A multidisciplinary team decision of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was retained combining vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and actinomycin D or alternatively with Adriamycin. After 3 weeks of chemotherapy, significant volumetric reduction of tumor was observed. Yet a surgical removal was proposed but not performed because the patient has no longer consulted our medical center and was lost to follow-up. Therefore, we cannot assess the long-term evolution and prognosis. Conclusion. Embryonal RMS (ERMS) of clitoris is a rare malignant tumor of infant. Histology and immunohistochemistry are essential for diagnostic but unavailable in our context. We want to emphasize on the difficulties encountered in treatment and prognosis assessment. The primary free surgical removal of the vulva with adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy must then be implemented in our practice.
Liver Injury Patterns and Hepatic Toxicity among People Living with and without HIV and Attending Care in Urban Uganda
Authors: Wekesa Clara , Parkes-Ratanshi Rosalind , Kirk Gregory D. , Ocama Ponsiano
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The evaluation of the patterns of liver injury, derived from liver chemistry panels, often may narrow on probable causes of the liver insult especially when coupled with clinical history, examination, and other diagnostic tests. Methods. Among people living with and without HIV and attending care, we used the

R

ratio to evaluate for liver injury patterns. Liver injury patterns were defined as cholestatic (

R
<
2

), mixed (

R
=
2
‐
5

), and hepatocellular (

R
>
5

). Results. Overall, the proportions of participants with cholestatic liver injury, mixed liver injury, and hepatocellular liver injury were 55%, 34%, and 4%, respectively, with similar distribution when stratified by HIV status. Alcohol use among participants without HIV was associated with all patterns of liver injury (cholestatic liver injury (

OR
=
4.9
 
CI

(1.0-24.2);

p
=
0.054

), mixed liver injury (

OR
=
5.3
 
CI

(1.1-27.3);

p
=
0.043

), and hepatocellular liver injury (

OR
=
13.2
 
CI

(1.0-167.3);

p
=
0.046

)). Increasing age was associated with cholestatic liver injury among participants with HIV (

OR
=
2.3
 
CI

(1.0-5.3);

p
=
0.038

). Despite a high hepatitis B prevalence among participants with HIV, there was no association with liver injury. Conclusions. Liver injury is prevalent among both people living with and without HIV in care, and cholestatic liver injury is the most common pattern. Alcohol is associated with all patterns of liver injury and increasing age associated with cholestatic liver injury among people living without HIV and people living with HIV, respectively.
Platelet-Derived Mitochondria Attenuate 5-FU-Induced Injury to Bone-Associated Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Chen Yutong , Liu Zhixin , An Ning , Zhang Jing , Meng Weicheng , Wang Wenting , Wu Xiaoshuang , Hu Xingbin , Chen Yaozhen , Yin Wen
Published: January 2023

Background. Myelosuppression is a common condition during chemotherapy. Bone-associated mesenchymal stem cells (BA-MSCs) play an essential role in the composition of the hematopoietic microenvironment and support hematopoietic activity. However, chemotherapy-induced damage to BA-MSCs is rarely studied. Recent studies have shown that platelets promote the wound-healing capability of MSCs by mitochondrial transfer. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the chemotherapy-induced damage to BA-MSCs and the therapeutic effect of platelet-derived mitochondria. Material/Methods. We established in vivo and in vitro BA-MSC chemotherapy injury models using the chemotherapy agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Changes in the mitochondrial dynamics were detected by transmission electron microscopy, and the expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR. In addition, mitochondrial functions were also explored by flow cytometry and luminometer. Platelet-derived mitochondria were incubated with 5-FU-damaged BA-MSCs to repair the injury, and BA-MSC functional changes were examined to assess the therapy efficacy. The mechanism of treatment was explored by studying the expression of mitochondrial fission and fusion genes and hematopoietic regulatory factor genes in BA-MSCs. Results. Stimulation with 5-FU increased the apoptosis and suppressed cell cycle progression of BA-MSCs both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, 5-FU chemotherapy inhibited the hematopoietic regulatory ability and disrupted the mitochondrial dynamics and functions of BA-MSCs. The mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content of 5-FU-injured BA-MSCs were decreased. Interestingly, when platelet-derived mitochondria were transferred to BA-MSCs, the 5-FU-induced apoptosis was alleviated, and the hematopoietic regulatory ability of 5-FU-injured BA-MSCs was effectively improved by upregulating the expression of mitochondrial fusion genes and hematopoietic regulatory factor genes. Conclusion. BA-MSCs were severely damaged by 5-FU chemotherapy both in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, platelet-derived mitochondria could attenuate the 5-FU-induced injury to BA-MSCs, which provides future research directions for exploring the treatment strategies for chemotherapy-injured BA-MSCs and establishes a research basis for related fields.
Low Temperature, In Situ Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate in Silica Containing Emulsion Gels
Authors: Zavahir Nazreen , Zhang Tan , Blum Frank D. , Maddumaarachchi Madhubhashini
Published: January 2023

Vinyl acetate (VAc) was polymerized to about 90% conversion in 9 h at 40°C from the colloidal microstructure of the VAc/fumed silica/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) system. The glass transition (

T

g

) of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) polymerized in these emulsion gels with silica was higher (

T

g

=

41

°

C

) than those of PVAc made from bulk polymerization at 60°C (

T

g

=

31

°

C

) and the weight average molar mass (

M

w

) was also larger (

M

w

about 300 kg/mol) than those from bulk polymerization (

M

w

=
125
 
kg
/
mol

). Increased

M

w

,

T

g

, and lowered processing temperature for these composites could facilitate new applications for PVAc.
Healthcare Waste Segregation Practice and Associated Factors among Healthcare Professionals Working in Public and Private Hospitals, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ibrahim Muna , Kebede Mesfin , Mengiste Bizatu
Published: January 2023

Background. The key to the effective management of healthcare wastes is the segregation of the waste at the point of generation; no matter what final strategy for the treatment and disposal of wastes is selected, it is critical that waste streams are separated. Objective. The aim of the study is to assess the practice of healthcare waste segregation and associated factors among healthcare workers at public and private hospitals in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 280 healthcare workers from public and private hospitals. Data were collected through self-administered structured questionnaires and observation checklists. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with the practice of healthcare workers using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 25. Results. This study showed that 56.4% (95% CI: 43.7–60.2) study participants had good healthcare waste segregation practices. Working in a public hospital (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI: (0.03–0.23)), working less than 40 hours a week (AOR = 4.28, 95% CI: (2.11–8.68)), adequate knowledge on healthcare waste management (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI: (1.27–4.61)), ever trained on waste management ((AOR = 2.74, 95% CI: (1.15–6.53)), the presence of guidelines, instructive posters on healthcare waste segregation ((AOR = 8.21, 95% CI: (3.84–17.55)), and availability of color-coded waste bins ((AOR = 9.53, 95% CI: (4.52–20.10)) were factors significantly associated with healthcare waste segregation practices. Conclusion. The study revealed that healthcare waste segregation practices were unacceptably poor. It is very crucial to address the identified factors through ongoing enforcement of healthcare waste management rules and regulations, by providing training, instructive posters around the work area, and making color-coded bins available.
Extrachromosomal DNA Amplification Contributes to Small Cell Lung Cancer Heterogeneity and Is Associated with Worse Outcomes
Authors: Pongor Lőrinc Sándor , Schultz Christopher W. , Rinaldi Lorenzo , Wangsa Darawalee , Redon Christophe E. , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Fialkoff Gavriel , Desai Parth , Zhang Yang , Burkett Sandra , Hermoni Nadav , Vilk Noa , Gutin Jenia , Gergely Rona , Zhao Yongmei , Nichols Samantha , Vilimas Rasa , Sciuto Linda , Graham Chante , Caravaca Juan Manuel , Turan Sevilay , Tsai-wei Shen , Rajapakse Vinodh N. , Kumar Rajesh , Upadhyay Deep , Kumar Suresh , Kim Yoo Sun , Roper Nitin , Tran Bao , Hewitt Stephen M. , Kleiner David E. , Aladjem Mirit I. , Friedman Nir , Hager Gordon L. , Pommier Yves , Ried Thomas , Thomas Anish
Published: January 2023

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine lung cancer. Oncogenic MYC amplifications drive SCLC heterogeneity, but the genetic mechanisms of MYC amplification and phenotypic plasticity, characterized by neuroendocrine and nonneuroendocrine cell states, are not known. Here, we integrate whole-genome sequencing, long-range optical mapping, single-cell DNA sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to find extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) as a primary source of SCLC oncogene amplifications and driver fusions. ecDNAs bring to proximity enhancer elements and oncogenes, creating SCLC transcription-amplifying units, driving exceptionally high MYC gene dosage. We demonstrate that cell-free nucleosome profiling can noninvasively detect ecDNA amplifications in plasma, facilitating its genome-wide interrogation in SCLC and other cancers. Altogether, our work provides the first comprehensive map of SCLC ecDNA and describes a new mechanism that governs MYC-driven SCLC heterogeneity. ecDNA-enabled transcriptional flexibility may explain the significantly worse survival outcomes of SCLC harboring complex ecDNA amplifications.

Significance:

MYC drives SCLC progression, but the genetic basis of MYC-driven SCLC evolution is unknown. Using SCLC as a paradigm, we report how ecDNA amplifications function as MYC-amplifying units, fostering tumor plasticity and a high degree of tumor heterogeneity.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 799
Imaging Factors Associated With Poor Outcome in Patients With Basilar Artery Occlusion Treated With Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Heit Jeremy J. , Mlynash Michael , Cereda Carlo W. , Yuen Nicole , Lansberg Maarten G. , Bianco Giovanni , Christensen Soren , Qureshi Abid Y. , Hinduja Archana , Dehkharghani Seena , Goldman‐Yassen Adam E. , Hsieh Kevin Li‐Chun , Giurgiutiu Dan‐Victor , Gibson Dan , Carrera Emmanuel , Alemseged Fana , Faizy Tobias D. , Fiehler Jens , Pileggi Marco , Campbell Bruce , Albers Gregory W.
Published: January 2023

Background

Acute ischemic stroke attributed to basilar artery occlusion (BAO) results in high rates of death and significant morbidity. Endovascular thrombectomy an effective treatment for BAO, but imaging parameters that predict a favorable response to thrombectomy are not well defined. We determined which imaging parameters were associated with poor outcome in patients with BAO treated by thrombectomy.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with BAO who underwent thrombectomy at multiple international stroke centers. All patients underwent computed tomography or magnetic resonance perfusion imaging before treatment. Clinical and imaging variables were measured and correlated to poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin scale score ≥4) after thrombectomy. Imaging variables included the following: Critical Area Perfusion Score, Posterior Circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score, ischemic core volume (30% cerebral blood flow on computed tomography perfusion or diffusion‐weighted imaging), and volume of time to maximum >10 seconds. Clinical and imaging variables associated with poor functional outcome were assessed by a multivariable binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 102 patients were included in the study. Median patient age was 66.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 55–78), median presentation National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 14 (IQR, 7–23), and the median time from last seen normal was 4 hours (IQR, 1:52–9:20). Patient age (odds ratio [OR], 1.37 per 5‐year increment [95% CI, 1.08–1.72]; P=0.008), presentation National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.04–1.18]; P=0.001), successful reperfusion after thrombectomy (OR, 0.03 [95% CI, 0.003–0.25]; P=0.002), Posterior Circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score ≤6 (OR, 11.40 [95% CI, 1.73–75]; P=0.011), and Critical Area Perfusion Score >3 (OR, 26.22 [95% CI, 1.07–642];
P
=0.045) independently predicted poor outcome after BAO thrombectomy. Ischemic core volume (30% cerebral blood flow) and volume of time to maximum >10 seconds did not predict poor outcome.

Conclusion

Age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale presentation, unsuccessful reperfusion, Critical Area Perfusion Score >3, and Posterior Circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score ≤6 are independently associated with poor outcome after BAO thrombectomy.
Concomitant Mitral Valve Repair vs Replacement During Surgical Ventricular Restoration for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Arafat Amr A. , Alghamdi Rawan , Alfonso Juan J. , Shalaby Mostafa A. , Alotaibi Khaled , Pragliola Claudio
Published: January 2023

There is no consensus regarding mitral valve management during surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) for ischemic cardiomyopathy. We compared the impact of SVR with mitral valve repair (MVr) vs replacement (MVR) on postoperative outcomes and long-term survival in ischemic cardiomyopathy and mitral regurgitation patients. This study included 112 patients who underwent SVR from 2009 to 2018 with MVr (n = 75) or MVR (n = 37). Patients who had MVR had higher Euro SCORE II, dyspnea class, a lower ejection fraction, higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure, higher grade of preoperative mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, and higher end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters. Intra-aortic balloon pump was more commonly used in patients with MVR. Hospital mortality occurred in 7 (9.33%) patients in the MVr group vs 3 (8.11%) in the MVR group (P > .99). Freedom from rehospitalization at 1, 5, and 7 years was 87%, 76%, and 70% in the MVr group and 83%, 61%, and 52% in the MVR group (P = .191). Survival at 1, 5, and 7 years was 88%, 78%, and 74% in the MVr group and 88%, 56%, and 56% in the MVR group (P = .027). Adjusted survival did not differ between groups.

MVr or MVR are valid options in patients undergoing SVR, with good long-term outcomes.
Pediatric Burns Debridement Under Sedoanalgesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cost-Effective Alternative
Authors: Delgado-Miguel Carlos , Miguel-Ferrero Miriam , De Miguel Begoña , Díaz Mercedes , López-Gutiérrez Juan Carlos , De Ceano-Vivas María
Published: January 2023

Early debridement of childhood burns under sedoanalgesia in the emergency department (ED) may help to reduce the need of surgery and delay in treatment. We performed a retrospective study in burned children who underwent debridement in the ED under sedoanalgesia between March 2020 and December 2020 (COVID group), and were compared with the same months in 2019 (control group). Demographics, burns features, admission rate, and estimated costs associated were collected. A total of 733 children presented at the ED with burns (302 COVID group and 431 control group) without significant differences in burn features between them. Admission rate was significantly lower in COVID group (9.4% vs 19.4%; P < .001), as was the total associated cost for each group ($101 585 vs $209 656; P < .001). The use of sedoanalgesia for the early treatment of pediatric burns in the ED during COVID-19 pandemic is a cost-effective alternative that has reduced the need for hospital admission and associated costs.
Survival of patients with severe mental disorders: Influence of social functioning
Authors: Vázquez-Reyes Antonio , Martín-Rodríguez Agustín , Pérez-San-Gregorio María Ángeles , Vázquez-Morejón Antonio J.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Patients with severe mental disorders have a high risk of premature death due to the interaction of various factors. Social functioning is a strategic functional factor in understanding the course of psychotic disorders.

Aim:

Analyze the relationship between social functioning and its various dimensions and survival during a 10-year follow-up.

Method:

The Social Functioning Scale (SFS) was administered to 163 close relatives of patients under treatment at a Community Mental Health Unit. Survival was described by Kaplan–Meier analysis and any differences in survival by level of social functioning were found by long-rank analysis. Finally, Cox regression was used to predict premature mortality.

Results:

Significant differences in mortality were identified in the interpersonal behavior dimension of social functioning, while there were no significant gender or diagnostic differences in the rest of the dimensions. The interpersonal behavior dimension and age were found to be factors predicting premature death.

Conclusion:

These findings show the protective effect of social functioning retained by patients with psychotic disorders on their survival, and the need to apply evidence-based psychotherapy focused on recovery of social functioning in the early stages of the disorder.
Affiliate stigma and caregiving burden among family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in rural China
Authors: Wang Yi-Zhou , Meng Xian-Dong , Zhang Tian-Ming , Weng Xue , Li Ming , Luo Wei , Huang Yi , Thornicroft Graham , Ran Mao-Sheng
Published: January 2023

Background:

Although stigma and caregiving burden are important in relation to mental health recovery, few studies have been conducted on affiliate stigma and caregiving burden among family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia (FCPWS) in rural China.

Aims:

This study aimed to examine the severity level of affiliate stigma and caregiving burden, and identify the correlates among FCPWS in rural China.

Methods:

A mental health survey was conducted ( N = 253 FCPWS) in Xinjin county, Sichuan province, China. Affiliate Self-Stigma Scale and Zarit Burden Interview Short Form were used. The regression analysis was performed to explore the correlates of stigma and burden.

Results:

Most FCPWS reported experiencing high and severe level of affiliate stigma (78.66%) and caregiving burden (95.26%). Family caregivers who were middle aged, unemployed, with high caregiving burden and low quality of life (QoL), showed more severe affiliate stigma. Family caregivers who were female, older, with low income, high affiliate stigma and low QoL, experienced greater caregiving burden.

Conclusions:

The large majority of FCPWS in rural China experienced severe affiliate stigma, caregiving burden and poor QoL. It is crucial to develop culture-specific anti-stigma interventions to reduce caregivers’ stigma and caregiving burden, and improve QoL. Specific risk factors of family caregivers’ affiliate stigma and caregiving burden should be considered for development of health policy and community-based mental health services.
Recent developments in yarn formation technology for producing innovative hybrid yarn structures from staple carbon and thermoplastic fibers for high-performance composites
Authors: Abdkader Anwar , Khurshid Muhammad Furqan , Hasan Mir Mohammad Badrul , Cherif Chokri
Published: January 2023

Technological developments in the processing of staple carbon fiber disclosed that producing hybrid yarn with improved homogeneity, uniformity, compactness and orientation can fully utilize the potential in high-performance composites. Therefore, developing hybrid yarn structures through yarn formation technology has become an emerging trend in the past few years. The present paper aims to highlight the recent development in the yarn formation technology for producing innovative yarn structures from staple carbon and thermoplastic fibers for high-performance fiber-reinforced plastics. For this purpose, pre-spinning, spinning and post-spinning operations of yarn formation technology are reviewed to technological aspects and processing of staple carbon fiber. Furthermore, recent developments in developing flyer, friction and wrap-spun hybrid yarn for high-performance composites are also presented in this paper. An attempt is carried out to develop the relationship between hybrid yarn structures and composite properties. The comparison of tensile properties of thermoplastic plastic composites shows that composite based on hybrid yarn structure possesses 300% and 700% higher tensile strength compared to nonwovens and injection molding composites.
Ecology, Culture, and Behavior: Role in Societal Development
Authors: Berry John W.
Published: January 2023

The field of cross-cultural psychology studies the development and display of human behavior as it emerges in various ecological and cultural contexts worldwide. I adopt two perspectives on this field: functionalism and universalism. The first perspective considers that individual behaviors are adaptive to these contexts in variable ways that permit success in life; that is, adaptation involves changing societal institutions and behaviors over time to meet the needs and goals of local cultural populations. The second perspective views these behaviors as being rooted in species-wide shared processes and capacities; that is, all human beings possess a set of common underlying potentials for development. From these two perspectives, I see no contradiction between evidence that behaviors are differentially shaped, developed, and expressed in different cultures, and the evidence that there are shared underlying processes on which these developments take place. Culturally sensitive development, when viewed within this conceptual nexus, is not a “one size fits all” approach, but one that is rooted in, and meets, both local and global needs and concerns.
Enculturating the Science of International Development: Beyond the WEIRD Independent Paradigm
Authors: Thomas Catherine Cole , Markus Hazel Rose
Published: January 2023

Initiatives in international development and behavioral science rely predominantly on the independent models of the self and agency that are prevalent in individualist Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) cultural contexts. Programs that are guided by these independent models, explicitly or implicitly, as the default way of being and that neglect interdependent models can reduce the potential of development initiatives to advance poverty reduction and well-being in two ways. First, programs based solely on independent models of agency—centered on personal goals and values; self-advancement and self-expression; and autonomy—can limit the scope and effectiveness of the development science toolkit. Second, programs that are not responsive to interdependent ways of being—centered on relational goals and values; responsiveness to social norms, roles, and obligations; and social coordination—that are common in many Global South sociocultural contexts can be met with resistance or backlash. We propose that taking account of interdependent psychosocial tendencies is a promising way to diversify the behavioral science toolkit and to build a more comprehensive science of human behavior. Furthermore, culturally responsive program designs have the potential both to promote decolonized, inclusive approaches that preserve rather than override local ways of being and to enable diverse trajectories of societal development to flourish. We integrate experimental and descriptive research from psychology, economics, education, and global health to suggest how models of interdependent agency can be productively integrated into development program designs to advance quality of life in locally resonant ways.
Distinct Conceptions of Freedom in East Asia and the Protestant West Underpin Unique Pathways of Societal Development
Authors: Akaliyski Plamen
Published: January 2023

Western theories of modernization and cultural change suppose that socioeconomic development fosters support for freedom and equality in all societies. Cultural relativism and “Asian Values” thesis challenge such theories of universal human development by arguing that East Asian societies’ cultural legacies predispose them to a distinct pathway of cultural and societal development. This study uses nationally representative data from the World Values Survey and European Values Study to test whether East Asian and hystorically Protestant Western societies hold six domains of freedom aspirations as strongly as their level of socioeconomic development predicts. Protestant Western nations score consistently high on all freedom aspirations, while East Asia’s scores are higher than predicted for personal autonomy and secular identity but lower for the other four domains: individual freedom, gender equality, political liberalism, and ethnic tolerance. Multidimensional scaling reveals clearly distinguishable Protestant Western and East Asian cultural models. The dimensions these models are depicted by are associated with various salient societal outcomes. East Asia’s emphasis on personal autonomy and secular identity is compatible with good physical and mental health, low crime, competitive economy, and educational achievements. Protestant West’s support for other aspects of freedom is associated with high subjective well-being, demographic sustainability, human rights and rule of law, democratic institutions, and gender equality. Convergence in cultural and societal development may not be expected in the foreseeable future.
Developing an Equitable COVID-19 Pandemic Response: Lessons Learned From a Multisectoral Public Health Partnership in Guadalupe, Arizona
Authors: Truong Jasmine M. , Meyer Laura G. , Karirirwe Gloria , Cory Clare , Dennehy Timothy J. , Williams Reginald , Jackman Julia , Clement Wayne , Collins Jennifer , Gettel Aaron , Holguin Gracie , Kulaga Jeff , Ledesma Daniela , Levy Susan , Maroofi Hanna , Perez Veronica , Prete Kimberly , Schlum Kip , Tompkins Camila , Vital Ricky , Zamora Stephanie , Jehn Megan
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted communities that are medically underserved across the United States, including the 6,700 Hispanic and Pascua Yaqui residents of Guadalupe, Arizona. In May 2020, Guadalupe experienced new COVID-19 cases at a rate 13.9 times as high as its surrounding county, urging town leadership to establish the Guadalupe Community Response Team (GCRT), a multisectoral network of community, academic, and public health partners. The objectives of the GCRT were to: (a) increase access to health and support services; (b) develop novel and intensive outreach efforts; and (c) build partnerships to strengthen public health capacity. From June 2020 to December 2021, the GCRT provided door-to-door case investigation and resource provision, coordinated testing and vaccination events, created public health communications, and developed COVID-19 guidance for cultural gatherings. These interventions were implemented in an effort to reduce community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and increase equitable access to testing, vaccination, and social support resources. Cultural leaders, such as promotores de salud and Yaqui Cultural Specialists, were integral in building trust among community members. The GCRT provides valuable lessons learned on the importance of implementing a culturally grounded approach to COVID-19 mitigation to increase equitable access to health services during a public health emergency.
Jazz Improvisation Pedagogy: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Beginning Jazz Improvisation Learning Environment for Middle School Instrumentalists
Authors: Marino Sara E. , Chinn Clark A.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a beginning jazz improvisation learning environment for middle school instrumentalists, including whether one of two instructional sequences of harmonic form improvisation tasks better supported four outcomes: achievement, self-assessment, self-efficacy, and motivation. Over 12 weeks, fifth- to eighth-grade instrumentalists ( n = 43) studied jazz improvisation in a learning environment with four critical features: (a) forming cooperative jazz combos, (b) making jazz thinking visible, (c) encouraging specific feedback, and (d) implementing harmonic form sequencing. Quantitative data for all outcomes were collected pre-, mid-, and postinstruction. Primary findings showed: (a) a significant effect on all outcomes over time, not only for the 12-week duration of the instructional period but even in the first 6 weeks; (b) a significant interaction between assessed task (i.e., a modal- or blues-based improvisation) and achievement; (c) evidence of transfer of learning when, midinstruction, participants significantly improved at both tasks after only studying one; and (d) no significant effect according to instructional sequence of harmonic form (i.e., modal/blues vs. blues/modal).
Switching modeling and bumpless transfer tracking control for the conversion mode of tilt-rotor aircraft
Authors: Li Wen , Shi Shuang , Chen Mou , Shao Shuyi , Wu Qingxian
Published: January 2023

The modeling and state tracking control for the conversion mode of tilt-rotor aircraft are investigated with a switching modeling method and a bumpless transfer technique. Based on the Euler equation and the Blade element theory, the nonlinear model of conversion mode is deduced to illustrate the features of the tilting process. Afterward, the switching modeling method settles the linearization problem of the nonlinear control with an uncontrollable nacelle inclination signal. Meanwhile, it also transfers the conversion mode control issue to a reference state tracking control problem of switched linear systems. In addition, the [Formula: see text] control is adopted to restrain the external disturbances, and the controller with bumpless transfer performance is designed to overcome the control jump at switching instants. Finally, an example of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft is proposed to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed method.
Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma With Cerebral Involvement
Authors: Guclu Derya , Ayyildiz Veysel , Unlu Elif N. , Ogul Hayri
Published: January 2023

Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a rare fibro-osseous tumor. The lesion is most commonly seen in people in the third and fourth decade. There are three variants of ossifying fibroma; juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma, juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma, and COF. COF is highly cellular and contains a fibrous tissue that has different amounts of calcified tissue. Although histologically benign, it has a significant growth potential.
Localized Amyloidosis of Bilateral Palatine Tonsils Mimicking Tonsillolithiasis
Authors: Lo Sheng-Wei , Hsu Cheng-Ming , Tsai Yao-Te , Tsai Ming-Shao , Chang Geng-He
Published: January 2023

A rare disease called localized tonsillar amyloidosis can cause serious problems with airway patency in severe cases. This was the case with an elderly man who experienced difficulty breathing and swallowing due to enlarged palatine tonsils. The physical and imaging findings suggested tonsillolithiasis, and the patient underwent bilateral tonsillectomy. The diagnosis of amyloidosis was confirmed with histopathological examination using Congo red staining. Surgical intervention and careful follow-up care can be effective in these cases, which generally have a good prognosis.
Self-Regulated Learning and Motivation Among Gifted and High-Achieving Students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Disciplines: Examining Differences Between Students From Diverse Socioeconomic Levels
Authors: Paz-Baruch Nurit , Hazema Hnade
Published: January 2023

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is an active process that assists students in managing their thoughts, behaviors, and emotions to navigate their learning experiences successfully. The study examined the differences in motivation and SRL between gifted and high achievers (GHAs) and typical achievers (TAs) in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines by addressing the contribution of socioeconomic status (SES). A sample of 151 students in 11th and 12th grades from two high schools in Israel were divided into four study groups based on their general intelligence, school grades, and SES. Participants completed SRL and motivation questionnaires. The results indicated that among GHAs, all motivation measures were significantly higher than those of TAs, especially among students from low-SES environments. GHA students reported using more SRL strategies than TA students regarding organization, metacognition, time and learning environment, peer learning, and effort regulation. Students from low-SES environments reported using more organization strategies than those from high-SES environments, whereas TA students surpassed their GHA counterparts in critical thinking.