bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the source and spatial distribution of chemical composition of a rift lake, using multivariate statistical, hydrogeochemical modeling and remote sensing
Authors: Noyola-Medrano Cristina , Ramos-Leal José Alfredo , López-Alvarez Briseida , Morán-Ramírez Janet , Fuentes-Rivas Rosa María
Published: April 2019

The chemical composition of a freshwater surface depends on the sources of input that can be of natural or anthropogenic origin. This study examined the spatial variability of the water quality from Chapala Lake and discussed the possible sources  to this freshwater surface which is the largest rift lake in Mexico. The methodology included multivariate statistical techniques to analyze the possible relationship between water quality and the natural and anthropogenic factors of the area. The outcome showed  the existence of four groups  of water mixture in the lake. Each one showed two or three end members that characterized its chemical nature. The different groups showed a spatial distribution and a particular spectral behavior was detected from the analysis of a Landsat 7 ETM+ image. The spectral signatures extracted from the satellite image showed a high reflectivity in the range of 830 - 1300 nm for the water provided by the  Lerma-Chapala (group IV) system, which represents the most polluted water in the lake. This spectral behavior is not present in the rest of the group. The Western portion of the lake is fed mainly by open water. Contributions from groundwater dominate the Central part, and in the Eastern region, the primary source is the contaminated water from the Lerma river system. A high hydraulic head (hydraulic barrier) prevents the highest level of pollution from the Lerma river. This hydraulic barrier constituted by a significant portion of groundwater is at the Central part of the lake. Furthermore, the most polluted water flows  directly to the Metropolitan Region of Guadalajara through the Santiago river. The predominant role played by the groundwater in the dynamics of Chapala  Lake is explained, in part, from its tectonic origin. The dynamics of water in the Chapala Lake suggest the need to implement some management plans considering the tectonic origin of the Lake as an advantage for the control of pollution because of the significant  contribution of groundwater in the Chapala Lake freshwater system.
3D Modeling and Tectonic Interpretation of the Erzincan Basin (Turkey) using Potential Field Data
Authors: Aydın Ömer Lütfü , Bektas Ozcan , Büyüksaraç Aydın , Yılmaz Hüseyin
Published: April 2019

Erzincan Basin was investigated using gravity data within the scope of this study. It is also aimed to reveal the discontinuities in the work area as well as the buried discontinuities. Boundary determination filters and analysis of the structure of the data and its connection are revealed and clear information is obtained. Gravity anomalies were applied with an upward continuation method for 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 km levels. Total Horizontal Derivative (THD) filter, Analytical Signal (AS) filter, Tilt Angle Derivative (Tilt) filter, Total Horizontal Derivative (THDR) filter, Theta Angle Derivative (Cos ɵ) filter, Hyperbolic Tilt Angle Derivative (HTAD) were applied to upward continued data. The discontinuities in the region and the boundaries of the geological structure were revealed. Tilt and Theta Angle derivatives yield the best results from the applied derivative based filters. The obtained data were compared with the existing surface geology and the compatibility between the formations was checked. New discontinuities were found in addition to the discontinuities determined from surface observations in the light of the obtained results. Erzincan Basin was modeled in three dimensions using gravity data of the study area. As a result of modeling, Erzincan Basin has been determined to have an average thickness of 7 km.Total Horizontal Derivative (THD) filter, Analytical Signal (AS) filter, Tilt Angle Derivative (TAd) filter, Total Horizontal Derivative (THDR) filter, Teta Angle Derivative (Cos ɵ) filter, Hyperbolic Tilt Angle Derivative (HTAD) were applied to upward continued data. The discontinuities in the region and the boundaries of the geological structure were revealed. Tilt and Theta angle derivatives yield the best results from the applied derivative based filters. The obtained data were compared with the existing surface geology and the compatibility between the formations was checked. New discontinuities were found in addition to the discontinuities determined from surface observations in the light of the obtained results. Erzincan basin is modeled in three dimensions using gravity data of the study area. As a result of modeling, Erzincan Basin has been determined to have an average thickness of 7 km.
Determination of Distance Required to Ensure Stope and Footwall-drift Non-interaction Zone based on Geological Strength Index
Authors: Ozdogan Mehmet Volkan , Gonen Alper
Published: April 2019

In the Bakibaba Copper Mine, the longhole stoping method is used in the production of copper ore. Stability problems have occurred at times on the footwall drift due to the interaction between the footwall drift and stope. In this study, we propose a method for estimating the minimum distance necessary to ensure a non-interaction zone between the footwall drift and stope. We used the finite element method and various distances between the footwall drift and stope and the displacements over drifts as parameters. We also performed analyses on various geological strength index values from low to high to determine the effect of the rock mass on the interaction between the footwall drift and stope
Unconsolidated fault vertical sealing ability evaluation method and its application during Stationary phase
Authors: Sun Ning , Fu Guang , Liu Lili , Wu Jingfeng
Published: April 2019

To study the vertical distribution of oil, gas in the fracture zone of the oil and gas bearing basin, based on the mechanism and influence factors of vertical sealing oil and gas, this paper has studied the necessary conditions of unconsolidated fault vertical sealing oil, gas, determination method for compaction and diagenetic of the fault filling. Concluded that the static period of fault vertical sealing oil and gas required that fault should be cut by mudstone, through comparing the relative period of the fault rock starting consolidate and the fault stopping activity to determine whether the fracture fillings are compacted into rock. If the time fault rocks began compaction into rock is earlier than the time fault stopped activity, fault filling has been consolidated; otherwise not compaction. By determining the displacement pressure of the fracture filling material and the rock displacement pressure of the underlying reservoir, a method is established to evaluate static unconsolidated fault vertical sealing oil and gas ability by comparing the relative size of the two. Applied it in the evaluation of the vertical sealing capacity f1 in the one to three sections of the Dongying formation and 5 sections of the formation in the southern Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that the fault f1 in one to three of the Dongying formation have the greater filler displacement pressure than the displacement pressure of underlying reservoir rock, as the vertical sealed is favorable for oil and gas accumulation and preservation. It’s accordant with oil and gas distribution has been found in Dongying formation at present in the formation of the South Fort 5 structure, which indicates that the method is feasible to evaluate the vertical sealing ability of the fault in the stationary phase.
“The Freemasons are useful to the regime": An analysis of the representations of Freemasonry on cinema and its utility on reinforcing or criticizing the establishment
Authors: Côrte Real de Camargo Felipe
Published: April 2019

This article addresses the relations between the language of cinema and some representations that this media may show on Freemasonry. The three chosen movies deserve attention for their representativeness. Freemasonry has become a recurrent theme in historical studies and combined with this phenomenon the Fraternity has been going through a greater public exposure. This public image is formed, mainly, by works of fiction, and through its leading vehicle, the cinema. On analysing in three movies a commonality in their approach is sought for, between images presented –about and by– Freemasonry in this social product of cinema.
La iniciación masónica en los dibujos animados
Authors: García Robles Marco Antonio , Galindo Núñez Alma Celia
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo da cuenta de la presencia del tema masónico, particularmente de los rituales de iniciación, en los dibujos animados. En el texto se habla del imaginario popular con respecto a las logias y a las personas adscritas a las mismas, la forma en que se muestra en las producciones audiovisuales norteamericanas y algunas temáticas relacionadas con las prácticas masónicas, como las pruebas para los profanos, la exclusión de la mujer, el consumo de alcohol y las prebendas que perviven en la masonería según la percepción social.
Divertimento alrededor de la masonería en el cine
Authors: Aragón Rogelio
Published: April 2019

A pesar de no siempre tener un papel protagónico, la masonería ha aparecido muchas veces en la pantalla grande. En ocasiones la vemos en forma de cameo, otras como un easter egg, pero Hollywood ha capitalizado el interés y el morbo que genera en el público esta organización con el fin de construir mejor a sus personajes o de complementar las historias narradas en sus filmes. En este vertiginoso periplo descubriremos algunas de las representaciones de la masonería y masones que han aparecido en el cine, además de los motivos –abiertos u ocultos– que justifican su presencia en la pantalla.
Toward a ‘Masonic musicology’ Some theoretical issues on the study of Music in relation to Freemasonry
Authors: Vergauwen David
Published: April 2019

The paradigm called ‘New Historicism’ and its many spin-offs like ‘New Musicology’, proclaims that an art historian should no longer limit itself to solely the study of an artwork, but should instead focus on its historical and sociological “context”. By means of a new tool that we shall label “Masonic musicology” will argue that the logic used by New Musicologists and of even Ethnomusicologists also applies to the study of music in relation to freemasonry. Studying a composer’s involvement with freemasonry, can lead to inspiring new interpretations of a composer’s work.
Medallas de la Gran Logia Nacional de España, 1809 – 1812 (Análisis documental e iconográfico)
Authors: Cuadrado Merchán Manuel
Published: April 2019

Las medallas de la masonería española, como signo de identidad, soporte expresivo y vehículo de comunicación forman un conjunto singular. Cabe preguntarse si el hecho de que la masonería española haya pasado por largos periodos de prohibición y sus miembros hayan sido criminalizados, son un factor determinante para encontrarnos con este vacío. A través de distintas fuentes documentales, podemos hacer una relación y estudio de aquellas medallas, así como abrir una ventana desde la cual asomarnos a los inicios del arte masónico español para conocer la autoría, vicisitudes y personalidad de alguno de sus protagonistas.
PHASE-PLANE STUDY USING WOLFRAM MATHEMATICA
Authors: Videnov Krum
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the capabilities of the specialized software Wolfram Mathematica for investigating processes described with differential equations are discussed. The aim is to create procedures and algorithms in Mathematica environment for study and analysis of systems and processes using the Phase-plane method. The proposed algorithm has been experimented to evaluate a nonlinear differential equation of first order.
УВЕЛИЧАВАНЕ НА БРОЯ НА ВЪПРОСИТЕ ЗА СЪЗДАВАНЕ НА ЕЛЕКТРОННИ ТЕСТОВЕ
Authors: Пехливанова Таня , Кънчев Камен
Published: April 2019

This article presents results of a study of the opinion of former and current students on issues related to the evaluation with e-tests. The experience of lecturers conducting assessment in technical and computer disciplines with tests in e-learning environment Moodle from FTT - Yambol is also analyzed. Analyzes and research carried out show that the progress of the technologies and their entry into education leads to one negative effect. Some of the students use digital technologies to access exam test questions and learn only these questions rather than the teaching content. Conclusions are made on the minimum number of questions from which the tests should be formed. Measures have been proposed for easy and fast automated raising of the total number of questions in the bank by developing Plugins in Moodle, allowing the creation of new types of test questions.
Influence of Luting Materials and Methods and the Restoration Surface on the Amount of Cement Remnants in Implant Restorations
Authors: Lee Jae-Hyun , Yang Sung-Eun , Lee Jungwon , Lee Su-Young
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the luting methods on the amount of cement remnants in implant restorations and to determine the restoration surface with the maximum amount of residual cement. Forty abutments and crowns were divided into 4 groups as follows: TB group, luting with zinc oxide-eugenol cement; TBV group, luting with zinc oxide-eugenol cement after application of a separating agent over the transmucosal area of the abutment; PI group, luting with methacrylate cement; and PIV group, luting with methacrylate cement after application of a separating agent. After cementation, all the quadrants of the specimens were photographed, and the amount and location of the cement remnants were statistically analyzed (P ≤ .05). The amount of cement remnants was significantly smaller in the groups with a separating agent. The type of luting material did not significantly affect the results. Cement remnants were more abundant on the mesial and distal sides than on the buccal and lingual sides of the restoration.
The Need for Standardization, Reliability and Validity in Fundamental Roots for a Successful Problem-Based Learning Program
Authors: HangFu Lee , Nauhria Samal
Published: April 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. McMaster University has introduced the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in medical education over half a century ago. Since then, hundreds of reviews and study reports have identified many critical issues affecting the success of the PBL unit. Nonetheless, we are still debating the efficacy and success of the PBL program. Over half of all medical schools globally have introduced various versions of PBL pedagogy in their medical education program achieving assorted modifications of outcomes.In this paper, I have reviewed from many scholars and through their publications; I have identified eight important Fundamental Roots for a successful PBL program. The success of any PBL program must be evaluated as a whole from the perspective of Standardization, Reliability and Validity working synchronously between these fundamental roots and not the individual PBL unit.The importance of Standardization must consider all the critical issues identified in many reviews and study reports. These issues are one of many factors when incorporated into the fundamental framework of a PBL program will regulate all PBL units in a unified outcome. The educational objective principles will guide the reliability of a PBL program by meeting the institutional mission and students' career success goals. The "Assessment as Learning" should incorporate the "Holistic and Divergent Approach" and the longitudinal "Progress Testing". These are the principle methods of evaluation to achieve a reliable and valid outcome assessment in a successful PBL program.
Likelihood Evaluation of Models with Occasionally Binding Constraints
Authors: Cuba-Borda Pablo , Guerrieri Luca , Iacoviello Matteo , Zhong Molin
Published: April 2019

Applied researchers interested in estimating key parameters of DSGE models face an array of choices regarding numerical solution and estimation methods. We focus on the likelihood evaluation of models with occasionally binding constraints. We document how solution approximation errors and likelihood misspecification, related to the treatment of measurement errors, can interact and compound each other.
Validity of screening instruments for the detection of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in hospital inpatients: A systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies v1
Authors: Benjamin Hwang Aljoscha , Boes Stefan , Nyffeler Thomas , Schuepfer Guido
Published: April 2019

Introduction: As the population ages, Alzheimer's disease and other subtypes of dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent. However, in recent years, diagnosis has often been delayed or not made at all. Thus, improving the rate of diagnosis has become an integral part of national dementia strategies. Although screening for dementia remains controversial, the case is strong for screening for dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment in hospital inpatients. For this reason, the objective of this systematic review was to provide clinicians, who wish to implement screening, an up-to-date choice of cognitive tests with the most extensive evidence base for the use in elective hospital inpatients. Methods: For this systematic review, PubMed, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library were searched by using a multi-concept search strategy. The databases were accessed on April 17, 2019. All cross-sectional studies that utilized brief, multi-domain cognitive tests as index test and a reference standard diagnosis of dementia or mild cognitive impairment as comparator were included. Only studies conducted in the hospital setting, sampling from unselected, elective inpatients older than 65 were considered. Discussion: This is only the study protocol. Results and discussion are pending and will be published after completion of this study.
The correlation between the transthoracic lung ultrasound score (LUS) and the severity of changes in HRCTon patients with interstitial lung diseases v2
Authors: Milena Adina Man , Elena Dantes , Domokos Hancu Bianca , Ioana Bondor Cosmina , Ruscovan Alina , Adriana Parau , Marc Monica
Published: April 2019

The correlation between the transthoracic lung ultrasound score (LUS) and the severity of changes in HRCTon patients with interstitial lung diseases Interstitial lung disease is a heterogeneous group of disorders. Chest high-resolution computed tomography is considered the "gold" standard radiological method for diagnosis of ILD. The objective of our study was to evaluate the correlation between the transthoracic ultrasound score and the severity of changes in HRCT simplified scores, the presence of symptoms and the pulmonary function impairment in patients with interstitial lungdisease(ILD). We have evaluated 58 consecutively patients diagnosed with ILD and compared with a non-healthy control group (n=30).Transtoracic lung ultrasound (LUS) total score was correlated with HRCT score (r=0.784, p<0.001) and chest positive areas (intercostal spaces with ≥5B-line) were correlated with HRCT score (r=0.805, p<0.005). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for LUS total score using 5 as a HRCT score cut-off was 0.86 (p<0.001), respectively for positive chest areas with intercostal space with ≥5B-line was 0.88 (p<0.001). The sensitivity (Se) was 76.7%, the specificity (Sp) 92.9%. After dividing the ILD patients according to the HRCT pattern in usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and other radiological interstitial abnormality we found a good correlation statistically significant only for first group (r=0.51, p=0.02). LUS had a positive correlation with age (r=0.481, p<0.001), negative correlation with DLCO (r=-0.39, p=0.007) and with alveolar volume (r=-0.39,p=0.007). The chest positive areas score was positive correlated with age (r=0.599, p<0.001), negative correlation with diffusing capacity of the lung for carbone monoxide (DLCO)( r=-0.44, p=0.002) andwiththealveolarvolume(r=-0.49,p=0.001).
READINESS TO CHILDREN'S FRIENDLY OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION (ECE) INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Gustiana Asep Deni
Published: April 2019

The rise of acts of violence against children has become a problem that needs to be addressed by all elements, not only by parents, but teachers, schools, communities and other stakeholders are obliged to cooperate in protecting children. One of the government's efforts in dealing with these problems is by providing a child-friendly learning environment. Bandung City as a Child-Friendly City since 2016 should be a solution to providing a child-friendly environment. one of the indicators is having a child-friendly school. The child protection commission survey shows that more than 84% of cases of violence occur in schools, therefore the need and importance of child-friendly schools is a condition or indicator point of a child-worthy city precisely at cluster 4. To find out about the availability of child-friendly schools in Bandung Early Childhood Education Unit ECE in each District. The results of research in the field show that 52.9% of ECE units in Sukasari Sub-district are ready to become child-friendly ECE units, the remaining around 47.1% are not ready to become child-friendly ECE. This research is expected to be a material reflection for stakeholders in realizing child-friendly schools.Maraknya tindak kekerasan terhadap anak menjadi suatu permasalahan yang perlu diatasi oleh semua elemen, tidak hanya oleh orang tua, tetapi guru, sekolah, masyarakat dan juga pemangku kebijakan lainnya berkewajiban bekerjasama dalam melindungi anak. Salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam menangani permasalahan tersebut yaitu dengan menyediakan lingkungan belajar yang ramah bagi anak. Kota Bandung sebagai Kota Layak anak sejak tahun 2016 sudah seharusnya dapat menjadi solusi penyediaan lingkungan yang ramah untuk anak. salah satu indikatornya yakni memiliki sekolah ramah anak. Survey komisi perlindungan anak menunjukan bahwa lebih dari 84% kasus kekerasan terjadi di sekolah, oleh karena itu perlu dan pentingnya Sekolah ramah anak menjadi syarat atau point indikator kota layak anak tepatnya pada klaster 4. Untuk mengetahui kesipan sekolah ramah anak di Kota Bandung dapat dilihat dari Satuan Pendidikan anak usia dini (PAUD) pada tiap Kecamatan. Hasil penelitian dilapangan menunjukkan bahwa 52,9% satuan PAUD di Kecamatan Sukasari sudah siap menjadi satuan PAUD ramah anak, sisanya sekitar 47,1% belum siap mejadi PAUD ramah anak. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan refleksi bagi pemangku kebijakan dalam mewujudkan sekolah ramah anak
MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI KEGIATAN SUPERVISI DAN LESSON STUDY DI SMA NEGERI 1 PABUARAN KABUPATEN SUBANG TAHUN 2015
Authors: Sugandi Edi
Published: April 2019

Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan lesson study dalam peningkatan keterampilan guru menggunakan media pembelajaran sehingga pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran dan hasil belajar  di SMA Negeri 1 Pabuaran Kabupaten Subang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik supervisi akademik melalui kunjungan kelas, observasi kelas dan pertemuan individual dengan obyek penelitian guru SMA Negeri 1 Pabuaran yang mengajar pada tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Berdasarkan hasil dalam penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam penggunaan media pembelajaran sebesar 55% sebagai akibat pemberian pelatihan lesson study sebelum dilakukannya supervisi akademik. Secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa peneltian tindakan sekolah ini telah berhasil mengungkapkan efektivitas penerapan lesson study yang dapat digabungkan dengan pelaksanaan supervisi akademik
PRODUÇÃO DE NARRATIVAS DIGITAIS SOBRE OS JOGOS OLÍMPICOS: EXPERIÊNCIAS COM AS HISTÓRIAS EM QUADRINHOS
Authors: Souza Junior Antonio Fernandes de , Cunha Sérgio Melo da , Felix Carlos Vitor de Morais , Oliveira Márcio Romeu Ribas de , Araújo Allyson Carvalho de
Published: April 2019

Esse trabalho tem por objetivo discutir sobre as relações estabelecidas pelas crianças diante da proposta de produção de narrativas digitais, em histórias em quadrinhos, sobre os Jogos Olímpicos em ambientes escolares. A metodologia utilizada para essa pesquisa é qualitativa de tipo descritiva, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados a observação participante, fazendo-se de uso de anotações de campo. Foram realizadas cinco experiências na produção de narrativas digitais sobre os Jogos Olímpicos em três escolas da Região Metropolitana de Natal. Por meio desta pesquisa pode-se constatar a potencialidade d a produção de narrativas em uma postura dialógica para a construção de saberes sobre os Jogos Olímpicos.
A TEMÁTICA DAS DROGAS COMO ESTRATÉGIA PARA O ENSINO DE REAÇÕES QUÍMICAS
Authors: Santos-Filho João Batista dos , Araujo Batista Tatiana Santos de , Da Cruz Manuelânia Santos
Published: April 2019

Nos livros didáticos o assunto reações químicas é trabalhado de forma mecânica. Nossa tarefa como professores foi modificar o ensinar, isto é, a abordagem do tema foi fundada na integração do conceito de reações químicas e na discussão do aspecto social com a temática “Drogas”. O projeto foi desenvolvido com os alunos do primeiro ano do ensino médio, em uma escola pública de Aracaju-Sergipe. Foram utilizadas várias metodologias, entre elas um jogo lúdico de quebra cabeça, filme e aulas discursivas. Esse método foi satisfatório, permitindo verificar as dificuldades dos alunos e contribuindo para uma aprendizagem significativa e para formação de cidadãos conscientes e ativos.
A VIVÊNCIA DE PROFESSORES COM ATIVIDADES DE MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA: UMA PESQUISA À LUZ DA FENOMENOLOGIA
Authors: De Oliveira Martins Bianca , Palharini Bárbara Nivalda , Dos Santos Gomes Pereira Rudolph
Published: April 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que tem por objetivo investigar a vivência de professores com atividades de modelagem matemática. Mediante uma investigação fenomenológica detalhamos a compreensão da interrogação: Como os professores de matemática, que atuam na Educação Básica da cidade de Cornélio Procópio, vivenciam a modelagem matemática? Os dados analisados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os sujeitos da pesquisa. O fenômeno investigado foi evidenciado por meio da descrição fenomenológica e do destaque de unidades de significado. A pesquisa aponta núcleos de ideias que sinalizam o não uso de atividades de modelagem matemática em sala de aula. Fatores como conhecimento sobre a temática, participação em formação continuada e dificuldades entre teoria e prática são evidenciados no que tange à vivência de professores com a modelagem matemática.
Mahou y Coronita: analisis comparado del valor de marca para el consumidor español
Authors: Calvo Porral Cristina , Montes Solla Paulino
Published: April 2019

Introducción: El sector cervecero es un sector económico y de actividad fundamental dentro del panorama agroalimentario español, sin embargo existen pocos estudios que analicen el valor de marca de este producto.Objetivos: El presente estudio plantea una aproximación al perfil del consumidor de cerveza español y un análisis del valor de marca de una marca nacional y otra marca importada.Metodología: Se lleva a cabo un estudio cuantitativo a consumidores y se realiza un análisis de las variables del valor de marca, para comparar dos marcas presentes en el mercado español –Mahou y Coronita-. Resultados: Los resultados sugieren una mejor valoración de la marca Coronita por parte de los consumidores españoles.Conclusiones: A la vista de los resultados obtenidos, se puede afirmar que la marca Coronita ha sabido posicionarme adecuadamente en el mercado español, haciendo una oferta de valor para los consumidores.
Caracterización de la turbulencia atmosférica en una gran zona verde de una megaciudad andina tropical
Authors: Ortiz Edison Y. , Jimenez Rodrigo , Fochesatto Gilberto J. , Morales-Rincon Luis A.
Published: April 2019

La turbulencia generada por las interacciones superficie-atmósfera, y su disipación, determinan en gran parte la dispersión de contaminantes y, por lo tanto, su impacto en la salud pública. La parametrización de la turbulencia en los modelos de transporte y dispersión de contaminantes ha sido observacionalmente obtenida y validada principalmente en latitudes medias, pero muy poco en el trópico. En este artículo se reporta la caracterización estadística de la turbulencia atmosférica en un sitio representativo del Área Metropolitana de Bogotá – Colombia (4°39’30.48”N, 74°5’2.38”O, 2577 m s.n.m.m.), una megaciudad andina tropical, a partir de mediciones de alta frecuencia con un anemómetro ultrasónico de tres ejes, validado en exposición y operado a 10 Hz, a 7.8 m de altura, entre agosto y noviembre del 2014. El análisis revela que, durante el periodo de medición, la turbulencia lateral en Bogotá, expresada como desviación estándar, fue elevada y comparable a la turbulencia longitudinal (σv ≅ σu ≈ 0.2-1.3 m s-1), lo que caracteriza su atmósfera como horizontalmente isotrópica. Las intensidades turbulentas observadas (Iu ≈ Iv ≈ 0.6, Iw ≈ 0.3) fueron ~2 a ~3 veces más altas que las reportadas para latitudes medias a las bajas velocidades del viento en Bogotá. El análisis espectral es consistente con el estadístico, con espectros longitudinales y verticales comparables a los reportados para condiciones neutrales a ligeramente inestables, y espectros laterales con frecuencias pico de un orden de magnitud menor que los reportados en la literatura, lo que indica una elevada producción de turbulencia lateral. Se estima que los remolinos al inicio de la cascada de energía tuvieron longitudes características de ~120 m y ~10 m en los planos horizontal y vertical, respectivamente. © 2019. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Mangroves of Colombia revisited in an era of open data, global changes, and socio-political transition: Homage to Heliodoro Sánchez-Páez
Authors: Blanco-Libreros Juan F. , Álvarez-León Ricardo
Published: April 2019

Colombia es el único país suramericano con costas tanto en el Océano Pacífico como el Mar Caribe, por lo cual exhibe grandes contrastes para los manglares en términos de tipos de climas y geoformas costeras. Por ejemplo, los manglares son extensos a lo largo de la costa del Pacífico debido a la alta precipitación anual y a la presencia de grandes deltas. Estos manglares son el hábitat de la única especie endémica del Neotrópico (Pelliciera rhizophorae), también clasificada como amenazada. En contraste, los manglares se distribuyen de forma discontinua a lo largo de la costa Caribe, siendo extensos en los tres deltas más grandes y en unas pocas lagunas costeras. Además, los manglares enanos y de baja estatura están presentes en las zonas áridas de la costa norte, bañadas por quebradas y ríos estacionales. En estudios recientes se resalta la importancia global de los manglares de Colombia en términos de su extensión, sus bajas tasas de deforestación (particularmente en la costa Pacífica) y sus grandes reservas de carbono. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de lo que actualmente sabemos de la biogeografía de los manglares colombianos se ha obtenido a partir del análisis de estudios independientes llevados a cabo en diferentes sitios y años. La voluminosa información recolectada por Heliodoro Sánchez-Páez y sus colaboradores en el mayor inventario nacional de manglares (PMC: Proyecto Manglares de Colombia, Ministerio del Medio Ambiente) recopilado a mediados de la década de 1990, ofrece una oportunidad para, en combinación con datos abiertos, revisar hipótesis biogeográficas (por ejemplo, que la alta precipitación promueve el valor de importancia del mangle rojo) y explorar patrones macroecológicos. En homenaje a Heliodoro Sánchez-Páez (fallecido en el 2017), se presenta a la comunidad la base de datos HELIO_SP.CO v.1, derivada de este inventario forestal, como una plataforma para los estudios macroecológicos y línea de base para futuras evaluaciones del impacto del cambio climático y en los usod de la tierra. Se revisaron las contribuciones del PMC y se exploraron patrones geográficos generales utilizando la base de datos HELIO_SP.CO v.1. En este sentido, se describió el recambio de las dos especies dominantes a lo largo del gradiente de precipitación observado desde Nariño hasta La Guajira. Se utilizaron datos rasterizados de WorldClim 2 para explorar los espacios de precipitación y temperatura donde las especies fueron registradas. Por último, se revisó brevemente el progreso de las “ciencias del manglar” desde 1997 y se detectaron algunos de los desafíos relacionados con el cambio climático y las situaciones posteriores al acuerdo de paz en Colombia. © 2019. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Distribución espacial y temporal de Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) y su relación con los parámetros fisicoquímicos en el río Ocoa, Meta, Colombia
Authors: Aguilera Giraldo Ivonne Alexandra , Vásquez- Ramos Jesús Manuel
Published: April 2019

Los élmidos (Coleoptera) son organismos acuáticos de distribución mundial. Sus formas inmaduras y adultas ocupan una amplia gama de sustratos y hábitats, y son un grupo diverso. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la distribución espacial y temporal de los Elmidae, y su relación con los parámetros fisicoquímicos en el río Ocoa. Se establecieron 15 estaciones de muestreo y se revisaron 210 muestras de macroinvertebrados recolectadas en un sustrato de roca-guijarro utilizando una red Surber (250 μm) en dos periodos hidrológicos contrastantes (de baja y alta precipitación), correspondientes a octubre de 2014 y febrero de 2015. Se obtuvieron 37 organismos (larvas y adultos) de nueve géneros de Elmidae: Heterelmis, Huleechius, Macrelmis, Astrolimnius, Microcylloepus, Neoelmis, Hexacylloepus, Cylloepus, Notelmis y Phanocerus, de los cuales siete corresponden a nuevos registros para la región de la Orinoquia colombiana. En el periodo de baja precipitación hubo una mayor representatividad, con 35 registros de nueve géneros, en tanto que en el periodo de alta precipitación hubo una marcada disminución de la riqueza, con dos registros solamente, correspondientes a dos géneros. En general, la abundancia de Elmidae fue baja a lo largo del río, y en las estaciones ubicadas en el sector que atraviesa la ciudad de Villavicencio, con mayor deterioro del hábitat, se registró la menor abundancia y en algunas no se registraron élmidos. Los efectos ambientales de la urbanización, como la contaminación por materia orgánica y la proliferación de coliformes debida al vertimiento de aguas residuales, fueron los principales factores determinantes de la disminución de la riqueza y la abundancia de estos organismos. Esta es la primera exploración de Elmidae en la zona y contribuye al conocimiento ecológico de la fauna de coleópteros en cuencas urbanas de la Orinoquia colombiana. © 2019. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. Palabras clave: Bioindicador; Coleoptera; Elmidae; Cuenca urbana; Orinoco.
Sources of Noise Pollution in Mashhad Railway Station
Authors: Sadeghi Afsaneh , Mehrafshan Fatemeh , Beheshti Mohammad Hosein
Published: April 2019

Background: Exposure to noise is an important safety and health problem in many industries. The rail transport industry is one of the industries involved with this problem due to the variety of equipment and its scope.  The present study aimed to evaluate noise pollution and determine the sources of noise at Mashhad railway station. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study in 2014, the departments with noise pollution were identified and studied based on an initial assessment of all parts of the railway station. Noise was measured in ten departments and units. The environmental and local noise was measured by calibrated sound level meter Model CEL485 in A and C networks according to ISO9612 and ISO 11200 standards. Then the collected data entered and analyzed in Surfer V.10 and Excel software. Results: The results of noise measurement showed that the average sound pressure level in units of Diesel GM, repair shop, refueling station, Diesel Siemens, and platform 3 was in hazard range. The results of measurement of the average sound pressure level in departments and units and the isosonic mappings drawn by Surfer V.10 software as well as the results of the average noise level in GM diesel showed that GM diesel (with LP=87.60 dB (A)) is the main source of noise at Mashhad railway station. The results of this study showed that diesel engines, gearboxes, moving trains, and beeps are the main noise generator components in GM diesel. The highest mean sound pressure level among these components was related to the diesel engine with an average sound pressure level of 87.60 dB (A). In general, the average sound pressure level of this diesel was 95.45 dB in the dominant frequency of 63 Hz. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, GM diesel plays a major role in transporting at Mashhad railway station, accordingly the design and implementation of technical control measures such as chamber and enclosure of noise generator components are essential to reduce the average sound pressure level.
Application of Cluster Analysis for Classification of Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Particles in a Tile and Ceramic Factory
Authors: Azimi Mohammad , Mansouri Yasin , Mihanpour Hamideh , Rezai Hachasu Vida , Mohammad Zadeh Morteza , Zare Sakhvidi Mohammad Javad
Published: April 2019

Background: Particulate matter air pollution is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. By increasing the number of mineral industries in the two past decades, workers in these industries are exposed to pathogenic respirable particulate matter pollutants. Cluster analysis is a multivariate statistical analysis method. Clustering creates groups or classes that the difference between the sub-groups samples is less than the difference between the groups. Therefore, this study assigns the cluster analysis to air sampling data collected from the various units of a tile factory. Methods: In this observational study, sampling from the respiratory zone of 93 workers in a tile and ceramic factory for both respirable and inhalable particles were performed. Sampling of inhalable particle based on NIOSH_0500 protocol and respirable particles based on NIOSH_0600 was conducted. Data were analyzed by both R 3.2.2 software and hierarchical cluster analysis with Ward link. Results: 92.47% of Workers were exposed to respirable particles less than TLV and 39.8% of them were exposed to inhalable particles more than TLV. The maximum average exposure for respirable particles 13.04 mg/m3 and inhalable particles 84.88 mg/m3 is respectively reported for crusher unit. The lowest average exposures to respirable (0.41 mg/m3) and inhalable (min=1.74 mg/m3) particles were observed in the glaze line division. Conclusion: Since the workers are exposed to concentrations more than the threshold limit value of respirable particles, and especially inhalable particles in some units, appropriate control measures must be considered to prevent possible consequences
STRATEGI BERTAHAN DAN MODAL SOSIAL PEDAGANG PASAR TRADISIONAL SWASTA DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Istifhama Lia
Published: April 2019

Pergeseran gaya hidup sebagai konsekuensi modernisasi teraplikasi dalam banyak hal, salah satunya kebiasaan berkonsumsi. Dalam hal ini, masyarakat kian dijamu dengan bermacam perbelanjaan modern yang menyajikan suasana lebih nyaman daripada pasar tradisional dan varian tawaran harga diskon. Kompetisi antara ritel modern melalui persaingan harga dan berbagai even tertentu justru membuat pasar tradisional kian tertinggal. Padahal, pasar tradisional merupakan cermin perdagangan sector usaha rakyat karena melibatkan pedagang-pedagang skala mikro. Guna menjaga eksistensi sektor riil tersebut, tentunya diperlukan upaya-upaya khusus untuk menyelamatkan atau menjaga keberadaannya. Upaya tersebut bisa melibatkan pemerintah melalui revitalisasi pasar atau kebijakan-kebijakan yang bersifat pro poor budgeting, ataupun penguatan strategi pemasaran oleh pedagang sendiri. Selama ini kebanyakan pedagang mengenal pemasaran dalam sudut konvensional saja, padahal seiring islamisasi pengetahuan, pemasaran juga bisa diaplikasikan sesuai konsep Islam. Selain pemasaran yang bisa menjadi poin penting dalam survival strategies, modal social pun tentunya bisa menopang agar sektor usaha rakyat ini tetap bisa berdiri normal di tengah pertumbuhan ritel modern.
VEGETABLE PEA BREEDING ON TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Kotlyar I. P. , Ushakov V. A. , Kaygorodova I. M. , Pronina E. P.
Published: April 2019

Breeding of high-tech varieties of vegetable peas is a priority ефыл selection at the present stage. The main requirement of processing enterprises is full and timely loading of production lines with high-quality raw materials. Peas should be aligned in size, of intense green color with high biochemical parameters. Therefore, the newly created varieties should combine a number of characteristics: high and stable yields, simultaneous ripening, resistance of the stem to lodging, resistance to most common diseases. The combination of these features allows to realize the potential of the culture fully, and to find wide application in production for created varieties. Since the 80s of the last century, FSBSI «FSVC» (Moscow region) has been actively working to increase the suitability of vegetable pea varieties for mechanized harvesting. Since these years, a number of varieties with strong shortened internodes and stem height not more than 80-90 cm have been created. Reducing plant height has improved the manufacturability of vegetable pea varieties, the stems resistance to lodging during the technical stage of ripeness has been significantly increased. However, in the biological stage of ripeness, the stem degree of lodging has been preserved, which creates additional difficulties in the seed production of vegetable peas. Since 2008, the direction of breeding has been adjusted to improve the stems resistance to lodging in combination with other economically significant traits (determinant type of growth, mustache type of leaf, green color of peas, duration of the technical stage of ripeness). As a result of this work, new varieties Cruiser, Viking, Triumph, Corsair, Barin, Hercules, Egorka have been created. The work is to introduce these varieties into production is being carried.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MAIN ECONOMICALLY VALUES OF THE VARIETY OF LETTUCES
Authors: Bobkova O. N. , Skorina V. V.
Published: April 2019

Expanding the range of vegetable crops, including green ones, through the introduction of new varieties into production is an important task. The study and evaluation of the original material of the salad, the features of cultivation in different periods, will allow to identify samples of a complex of economically valuable traits for the selection of culture, which is relevant for the creation of varieties in Belarus. Research was carried out on the experimental field of the Department of horticulture of the Belarusian state agricultural Academy in 2013-2015. The article assesses the relationship between the main economically valuable features of varieties of lettuce when grown in the spring (seedling method) and spring and summer sowing in the open ground. In lettuce plants of the headed variety, the sign “the mass of the vegetative part of the plant” strongly depends on the sign “diameter of the head” (r=0.640 - with the seedling method and r=0.809 - with the spring sowing period), “leaf width” (r=0.685 and r=0.790, respectively). A high connection is also established between the signs "leaf length" and "leaf width" (r=0.702 - with the spring sowing period and r=0.749 - with the seedling method). In leaf lettuce plants, a strong correlation was noted between the signs “leaf length” and “plant height” (r=0.706 for summer and r=0.810 for spring planting), diameter of the rosette of leaves (r=0.564 for summer and r=0.810 - at the spring sowing time). The average feedback for leaf lettuce varieties is revealed between the signs “leaf width” and “number of leaves” (r=-0.444 - for spring and r=-0.458 - for summer sowing time). The majority of morphological signs, depending on the time of cultivation, are related to each other by average correlation links (the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.458 to 0.531).
EVALUATION OF BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PUMPKIN IN PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE FAR-EASTERN REGION
Authors: Kuluakina N. V. , Kuzmitskaya G. A. , Shestopalova G. E , Bazilevich L. V. , Selezneva N. N.
Published: April 2019

The production of functional food products is one of the most important directions of development of the food industry. Particular attention is paid to the creation of new balanced in composition of products enriched with functional components, allowing them to increase their nutritional and biological value. Among vegetable crops, pumpkin is a highly valuable raw material in the food industry, which has equally both nutritional and biological value, and allowing for the correction of the human nutritional status. Based on this, we has been assessed the biochemical indicators of the varieties and hybrids of table pumpkin during to keeping as a perspectives raw material for the products of functional allocation in the Far East region. The research was carried out by the department of vegetable crops and potatoes of the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture in the framework of the Far East program. Biochemical studies on pumpkin were carried out in the laboratory of agriculture of the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture and in the laboratory of testing of the Center for Agrochemical Service “Khabarovsk” three times: 1 - before laying on to keeping; 2 - after 1.5 months of keeping; 3 - 1 month after the previous study. The results of studies showed that the varieties Nadezhda, Zimnyaya sladkay and Japanese hybrid Orange colon after 2.5 months of keeping, there was a decrease in some biochemical parameters. The varieties Vnuchka, Zhemchuzhina and a Japanese hybrid Sweet kob there is a tendency to increase almost all the quality indicators during the whole period of keeping. The content of dry matter, Vitamin C and potassium increases significantly. A favorable period for the processing of raw materials in the manufacture of the products of functional allocation is 1-2 months after harvesting for the Nadezhda variety and 1-4 months for the Vnuchka variety. Perspectives for the Far Eastern region in the manufacture of the products of functional allocation from foreign varieties are the Zimnyaya sladkay variety and the Japanese hybrid Orange colon.