bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of physical activity on subjective well-being: the mediating role of social support and self-efficacy
Authors: Guo Siqiang , Fu Huaying , Guo Kelei
Published: May 2024

Objective

Subjective well-being is an essential component of college students' mental health, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and subjective well-being among college students and to examine the mediating role of social support and self-efficacy between the physical activity and subjective well-being.

Methods

This study utilized a cross-sectional design with a stratified whole group sample of 989 college students (Mage = 19.65 years, SD = 1.1) from three universities in Guangdong Province, China, and used the Physical Activity Scale, Subjective Well-Being Scale, Social Support Scale, and Self-Efficacy Scale for data collection. In this study, SPSS 26.0 was used for descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis of the collected data. Harman's one-way method was used to test for common method bias.

Results

(1) Physical activity, subjective well-being, social support and self-efficacy were significantly correlated with each other. Among them, physical activity was significantly and positively correlated with subjective well-being (r = 0.36), physical activity directly predicted subjective well-being (β = 0.125, t = 3.992, p < 0.01). (2) Physical activity positively predicted social support (β = 0.386, t = 12.505, p < 0.01) and self-efficacy (β = 0.358, t = 11.793, p < 0.01), social support significantly positively predicted subjective well-being (β = 0.332, t = 11.370, p < 0.01) and self-efficacy (β = 0.254, t = 8.744, p < 0.01), self-efficacy significantly and positively predicted subjective well-being (β = 0.255, t = 8.251, p < 0.01). (3) Not only did social support and self-efficacy play an independent mediating role between physical activity and subjective well-being, but social support and self-efficacy played a chain mediating role between physical activity and subjective well-being.

Conclusion

This study enriched the theoretical guidance for physical activity in promoting college students' subjective well-being. In the practical teaching of promoting college students' subjective well-being, in addition to paying attention to stimulating physical activity, special attention should be paid to the promotion of social support and self-efficacy.
Space and players' number constrains the external and internal load demands in youth futsal
Authors: Gomes Sérgio Adriano , Travassos Bruno , Ribeiro João Nuno , Castro Henrique de Oliveira , Gomes Leandro Lume , Ferreira Carlos Ernesto Santos
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of space and number of players manipulation on the external and internal load demands of youth futsal athletes.

Methods

Forty-two male U17 players (age = 15.62 ± 0.58 years) from three futsal teams participated in the study. In this cross-sectional study that lasted 8-week, the player's sample practiced six futsal tasks (T1–T6) and a futsal game played under the official rules (T7). From T1–T6, two task constraints were manipulated: (i) the number of players and, (ii) the space of play. The WIMU PRO™ Ultra-Wideband (UWB) tracking system was used to measure the external and internal load during the futsal tasks. External load was quantified using kinematic and mechanical variables extracted from positional data and, the internal load was quantified using Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Repeated measures ANOVA was used for comparison purposes.

Results

In general, the results showed high external (total distance, distance 18.1–21, above 21 Km/h, and high intensity acceleration and deceleration, p < 0.001) and internal load (heart rate average and rating of perceived exertion, p < 0.001) in the tasks with low number of players and high area. In relation to the match, the tasks with small relative area per player (GK + 2 vs. 2 + GK and GK + 3 vs. 3 + GK in 20 × 20 m) promoted low external load.

Conclusion

It was concluded that increasing the relative area by reducing the number of players involved in the tasks in the form of small-sided games (GK + 2 vs. 2 + GK and GK + 3 vs. 3 + GK), in relation to the futsal game (GK + 4 vs. 4 + GK), can be considered a pedagogical strategy to increase the external and internal load demands of young futsal players.
Salivary IgG and IgA in newborn calves and the possible role in the assessment of passive immunity transfer
Authors: Berteselli G. V. , Filipe J. , Martelli A. , Vezzaro G. , Canali E. , Dall’Ara P.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The transfer of immunoglobulins from the mother to newborns is widely recognized as a critical event for safeguarding offspring against potentially life-threatening infectious diseases. Mainly for this reason, this study aimed to assess the concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the saliva of newborn calves and explore its potential use for monitoring passive immunity transfer from cows to calves, as also to evaluate how colostrum intake affects serum and saliva IgG and IgA concentrations.

Methods

The quality of colostrum samples was evaluated using an optical refractometer before administration to the calves. Saliva and blood samples from 24 calves were obtained at the day of birth (T0) and 2 days after (T2) for determination of serum concentrations of total protein by refractometer, IgG and IgA (both on serum and saliva) by ELISA test.

Results

Positive correlations were observed between salivary IgA at T2 and salivary IgG at T2. A significant increase in both IgG and IgA levels in calf serum and saliva was noted. Salivary IgA levels can reflect salivary IgG levels.

Discussion

These findings suggest the potential utility of IgA in monitoring passive immunity transfer, and do not exclude saliva as an alternative, practical, and non-invasive matrix for assessing passive immunity transfer.
The use of platelet rich plasma in the treatment of degenerative joint disease in cats: an exploratory case series
Authors: Huntingford Janice , Looney Andrea , Johnson James , Miller Lisa
Published: May 2024

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of intra-articular autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in managing Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) in cats.

Design

Prospective pilot clinical trial.

Methods

Six domestic cats with clinically and radiographically diagnosed DJD received intra-articular injections of autologous PRP. Clinical assessments pre and post intra-articular injections were conducted using the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI, owner assessed) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS, clinician assessed) at baseline, Day 14, Day 28, and Day 42–45.

Results

Significant improvements were noted in both FMPI and VAS scores at the end of the study period, indicating enhanced joint function and reduced pain.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

The study suggests the potential of PRP therapy as a safe and effective treatment for feline DJD, warranting further research with larger cohorts and longer follow-up to establish comprehensive treatment guidelines.
Effects of Different Initial Conditions on Combustion Process of Ammonium Dinitramide-Based Energetic Propellant in Straight Nozzle
Authors: Jiang Luyun , Mao Chentao , Han Jianhui , Cui Haichao , Du Baosheng , Zheng Yongzan , Ye Jifei , Hong Yanji
Published: May 2024

As a new type of green propellant, ammonium dinitramide (ADN)-based energetic propellants have wide application value and development potential in the field of space propulsion. This paper delves into the intricate impact of varying initial temperatures, pressures, and propellant component ratios on critical parameters, including temperature, combustion rate, and heat release, in the straight nozzle of an ADN-based propellant. The findings indicate that an elevation in both initial temperature and ADN ratio expedites the thermal decomposition rate of ADN, thereby elevating the average temperature in the nozzle. However, the elevation in initial temperature has a negative effect on the overall rise amplitude of average temperature. Furthermore, the initial pressure setting is crucial in determining whether the oxidation reaction of the fuel CH3OH occurs in ADN propellants. When the initial pressure is greater than 10 atm, CH3OH is completely consumed, and the final average temperature is about 2650 K, which increases by 558.89% compared with that at 1 atm. Our work aims to provide theoretical guidance and practical optimization strategies for enhancing propellant performance and optimizing thruster structure design.
Exposure of Urban European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) to Toxoplasma gondii in Highly Populated Areas of Northeast Spain
Authors: Escudero Alejandra , Ribas Maria Puig , Obón Elena , Almería Sonia , Aguilar Xavier Fernández , Gholipour Hojjat , Cabezón Oscar , Molina-López Rafael
Published: May 2024

Toxoplasma gondii is a generalist zoonotic parasite that involves a wide range of warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts and felines as definitive hosts. Recent studies have proved significant positive associations between human population density and T. gondii seroprevalence in wildlife. However, there is limited data regarding T. gondii wildlife in urban areas, where the highest human density occurs. The present study aimed to analyse the T. gondii exposure in urban hedgehogs from the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, NE Spain. One hundred eighteen hedgehogs were analysed for the presence of antibodies (modified agglutination test; n = 55) and parasite DNA (qPCR; heart = 34; brain = 60). Antibodies were detected in 69.09% of hedgehogs. T. gondii DNA was not detected in any of the analysed samples. The present study reports a high T. gondii seroprevalence in urban hedgehogs in areas surrounding Barcelona, the most densely human-populated area of NE Spain, reinforcing the association between human population density and environmental T. gondii oocysts. The lack of detection by molecular techniques warrants more studies. In the last few decades, the distribution and abundance of European hedgehogs have declined, including their urban populations. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of T. gondii on hedgehog populations.
Two Sides of the Same Coin in Female Borderline Personality Disorder: Self-Reported Guilt and Shame and Their Neurofunctional Correlates
Authors: Parpart Hella , Blass Jakob , Meindl Thomas , Blautzik Janusch , Michl Petra , Beblo Thomas , Engel Rolf , Reiser Maximilian , Falkai Peter , Moeller Hans-Juergen , Driessen Martin , Hennig-Fast Kristina
Published: May 2024

Objective: Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) report to be especially prone to social emotions like shame and guilt. At the same time, these emotions seem to play an important role in BPD pathology. The present study aimed to deepen the knowledge about the processes behind shame and guilt in patients with BPD. Methods: Twenty patients with BPD and twenty healthy controls (HCs) took part in an experiment that induced shame and guilt by imagining scenarios during scanning using functional brain imaging. Participants also filled out self-report questionnaires and took part in diagnostic interviews. Results: BPD patients reported more proneness to guilt but not to shame than the HCs. There was no difference in the self-reported intensity rating of experimentally induced emotions between the groups. Between-group contrast of neural signals in the shame condition revealed a stronger activation of cingulate and fusiform gyrus for the BPD patients compared to the controls, and a more pronounced activation in the lingual gyrus and cuneus for the HCs. In the guilt condition, activation in the caudate nucleus, the fusiform gyrus, and the posterior cingulate cortex was stronger in BPD patients, while HC showed stronger activations in cuneus, lingual gyrus, and fronto-temporal regions. Conclusions: Differences in the neuro-functional processes between BPD patients and HC were found, even though the two groups did not differ in their self-report of subjective proneness to guilt and emotional intensity of shame and guilt during the experiment. While the HCs may be engaged more by the emotional scenarios themselves, the BPD patients may be more occupied with cognitive regulatory and self-referential processing.
The Effects of Natural Window Views in Classrooms on College Students’ Mood and Learning Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Ya’ou , Tang Yanhong , Wang Xiangquan , Tan Yuanlong
Published: May 2024

Observing peaceful natural environments has been shown to restore cognitive abilities and reduce stress. As a result, visual access to natural environments is becoming increasingly common in educational settings. However, most current research on classroom window views has examined classroom environments in elementary and secondary schools, and only some university classrooms have been used as study sites. This study investigated the relationship between the naturalness of university classroom window views and physiological and emotional responses and standardized tests of attentional focus (learning efficiency) in university students. Thirty participants (undergraduates 21.16 ± 1.01 years old) viewed architectural window views and natural window views for 3 min each, and physiological measures of EEG, HRV index, and psychometric measures of Semantic Differences Questionnaire and Emotional State Questionnaire generated data. Measurements were generated. The results indicated that the natural window view significantly enhanced theta, alpha, and beta waves of brain activity, provided a sense of comfort, relaxation, and pleasure, and increased learning efficiency compared to the architectural window view. The findings support the beneficial associations between window views on university campuses and students’ mood and learning efficiency, emphasizing the importance of considering natural window views in the planning and designing of university classrooms.
Type IX Collagen Turnover Is Altered in Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: Port Helena , He Yi , Karsdal Morten A. , Madsen Emilie A. , Bay-Jensen Anne-Christine , Willumsen Nicholas , Holm Nielsen Signe
Published: May 2024

The fibrotic tumor microenvironment, characterized by its intricate extracellular matrix (ECM), consists of many collagens with diverse functions and unexplored biomarker potential. Type IX collagen is a member of the low-abundance collagen family known as the fibril-associated collagen with interrupted triple helices (FACITs) and is found mostly in cartilage. Its role in the tumor microenvironment remains unexplored. To investigate the biomarker potential of a type IX collagen in cancer, an immuno-assay was developed (PRO-C9) and technical assay performance was evaluated for the assessment of serum. PRO-C9 levels were measured in serum samples from 259 patients with various solid tumor types compared to serum levels from 73 healthy controls. PRO-C9 levels were significantly elevated in patients with solid tumors including bladder, breast, colorectal, gastric, head and neck, lung, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, and renal compared to levels in healthy controls (p < 0.05–p < 0.0001). PRO-C9 could discriminate between patients with cancer and healthy controls, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic values ranging from 0.58 to 0.86 (p < 0.3–p < 0.0001), indicating potential diagnostic utility. This study suggests that type IX collagen turnover is altered in patients with solid tumors and demonstrates the feasibility of using PRO-C9 as a non-invasive serum-based biomarker with relevance in multiple cancer types. Furthermore, these results underscore the potential utility of PRO-C9 to better elucidate the biology of FACITs in cancers.
Preoperative Classification of Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors on MRI Using Radiomics
Authors: Jansma Christianne Y. M. N. , Wan Xinyi , Acem Ibtissam , Spaanderman Douwe J. , Visser Jacob J. , Hanff David , Taal Walter , Verhoef Cornelis , Klein Stefan , Martin Enrico , Starmans Martijn P. A.
Published: May 2024

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive soft-tissue tumors prevalent in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients, posing a significant risk of metastasis and recurrence. Current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging lacks decisiveness in distinguishing benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (BPNSTs) and MPNSTs, necessitating invasive biopsies. This study aims to develop a radiomics model using quantitative imaging features and machine learning to distinguish MPNSTs from BPNSTs. Clinical data and MRIs from MPNST and BPNST patients (2000–2019) were collected at a tertiary sarcoma referral center. Lesions were manually and semi-automatically segmented on MRI scans, and radiomics features were extracted using the Workflow for Optimal Radiomics Classification (WORC) algorithm, employing automated machine learning. The evaluation was conducted using a 100× random-split cross-validation. A total of 35 MPNSTs and 74 BPNSTs were included. The T1-weighted (T1w) MRI radiomics model outperformed others with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71. The incorporation of additional MRI scans did not enhance performance. Combining T1w MRI with clinical features achieved an AUC of 0.74. Experienced radiologists achieved AUCs of 0.75 and 0.66, respectively. Radiomics based on T1w MRI scans and clinical features show some ability to distinguish MPNSTs from BPNSTs, potentially aiding in the management of these tumors.
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3 (CIN3) in Women Younger than 30 Years Was Significantly Associated with HPV16/18 Genotypes
Authors: Bruno Maria Teresa , Panella Marco Marzio , Valenti Gaetano , Ruggeri Zaira , Sgalambro Francesco , Reina Salvatore , Mereu Liliana
Published: May 2024

Background. The objective of the present study is to investigate the age-specific distribution of HPV genotypes in CIN3 lesions in screened unvaccinated women. These data are essential to optimize current and future screening programs. Methods. A multicenter retrospective study was conducted. A total of 408 unvaccinated women with positive histology and a high-risk HPV genotype were enrolled. Each woman at baseline had HPV DNA testing and HPV genotyping, and all women underwent targeted biopsy and/or treatment with a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) before entering the study. We divided the genotypes into HPV16/18 and HPV non-16/18 (HPV31/33/45/35/39/51/52/58/59/66/68). Women were divided into increasing age categories: <30, 30–44, and ≥45. Results. The percentage of CIN3 associated with HPV16/18 is maximum in women under 30 years of age (85.1%), drops to 75.6% in women aged between 30 and 44 years, and up to 47.2% in women over 45 years. CIN3 in women younger than 30 years was significantly associated with HPV16/18 genotypes (p = 0). Discussion. The data from the present study suggest that the risk of CIN3 is related to the woman’s age and hr HPV genotype. The data highlight two different types of CIN3: a more frequent type, related to HPV16/18, which develops rapidly and in young women, and another, relating to non-16/18 HPV, which develops later at an advanced age and slowly, through low-grade lesions.
Monitoring Response and Resistance to Treatment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Del Giudice Ilaria , Della Starza Irene , De Falco Filomena , Gaidano Gianluca , Sportoletti Paolo
Published: May 2024

The recent evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) targeted therapies led to a progressive change in the way clinicians manage the goals of treatment and evaluate the response to treatment in respect to the paradigm of the chemoimmunotherapy era. Continuous therapies with BTK inhibitors achieve prolonged and sustained control of the disease. On the other hand, venetoclax and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies or, more recently, ibrutinib plus venetoclax combinations, given for a fixed duration, achieve undetectable measurable residual disease (uMRD) in the vast majority of patients. On these grounds, a time-limited MRD-driven strategy, a previously unexplored scenario in CLL, is being attempted. On the other side of the spectrum, novel genetic and non-genetic mechanisms of resistance to targeted treatments are emerging. Here we review the response assessment criteria, the evolution and clinical application of MRD analysis and the mechanisms of resistance according to the novel treatment strategies within clinical trials. The extent to which this novel evidence will translate in the real-life management of CLL patients remains an open issue to be addressed.
Maternal Reports of Preterm and Sick Term Infants’ Settling, Sleeping and Feeding in the 9 Months after Discharge from Neonatal Nursery: An Observational Study
Authors: Lim Emma Shu Min , Williams Julie , Vlaskovsky Philip , Ireland Demelza J. , Geddes Donna T. , Perrella Sharon L.
Published: May 2024

The effects of preterm birth, neonatal morbidities and environmental influences on infant sleep development is an important yet under-researched topic, with little known about normative sleep for infants born sick or preterm. The aim of this prospective, observational longitudinal study was to evaluate maternal perceptions and degree of bother with infant sleep behaviours and feeding outcomes across the first 9 months after discharge for sick/preterm infants cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and for healthy term-born infants. This paper reports outcomes for the sick/preterm cohort (I = 94) that were recruited from two NICUs in Perth, Western Australia. Total bother scores were on average 20.2% higher at 9 months than at two weeks post-discharge (p < 0.001). Increased night waking frequency, evening settling duration and crying duration were all positively associated with total bother scores. Maternal confidence scores were negatively associated with maternal bother scores; with each unit increase in confidence, maternal bother decreased by 8.5% (p < 0.001). Covariates such as birth gestation, breastfeeding status and multiple births were not associated with maternal bother. Families may benefit from additional support when experiencing increased night waking frequency and crying and settling durations in the first 9 months after discharge from NICU.
Relationships between Iron Status and Selected Physical Fitness Components of South African Adolescents: The PAHL-Study
Authors: Monyeki Makama Andries , Veldsman Tamrin , Coetzee Ben , Sparks Martinique , Moss Sarah Johanna , Pienaar Cindy , Swanepoel Mariette , Malan Linda , Kruger Herculina Salome
Published: May 2024

Poor iron status is detrimental to physical and cognitive performance in adolescents. Due to the limited studies investigating the association between iron status and physical fitness components in adolescents from low- and middle-income countries, we aimed to determine the association of iron status with selected physical fitness components in South African adolescents. A cross-sectional study design, including 178 adolescents (102 girls and 76 boys) from the Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS), was followed. Height and weight were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Subsequently, WHO BMI-for-age-specific categorised body fatness. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined with a 20-m shuttle run test (V˙O2max), and lower-body explosive power by the standing broad jump (SBJ). Fasting haemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin were analysed from blood samples. Correlation analyses determine the association between iron status, explosive power and cardiorespiratory fitness. Of the 178 participants, 18.5% (n = 33) had low Hb, and 14% (n = 25) iron deficiency without anaemia. Significant positive correlations were found between the selected physical fitness components, ferritin, and Hb. In boys, a positive association was found between Hb and SBJ (r = 0.30, p = 0.006), whilst in girls, positive associations were found between ferritin (r = 0.25, p = 0.04) and SBJ, and Hb with both SBJ (r = 0.21, p = 0.03) and V˙O2max (r = 0.32, p = 0.001). Hb concentration remained associated with V˙O2max and SBJ in girls after adjustment for age, whilst in boys, Hb concentration was associated with SBJ. Higher iron status in South African adolescents is associated with higher lower-limb explosive power and cardiorespiratory fitness. We suggest monitoring of haematological parameters, and interventions to improve the iron status of South African adolescents.
Evolution of Child and Youth Mental Health in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Bernal-Jiménez Arancha , García-Soto Xosé Ramón , Calvo-Simal Sara , Álvarez-Férnandez Yolanda , Gordo-Seco Rocío , Hernando-Segura M. Rosario , Osorio-Guzmán Ángela , Gentil-Gutiérrez Ana , Fernández-Solana Jessica , González-Bernal Jerónimo Javier , González-Santos Josefa
Published: May 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic generated uncertainty and disruption among the child and adolescent population. Multiple studies have documented a worsening of mental health following the pandemic. The main objective of this longitudinal study is to analyze the short-, medium-, and long-term evolution of the overall functioning of children and adolescents treated by a child and adolescent mental health team in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 420 patients aged 3 to 18 were assessed using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale at three time points: during the lockdown, three months later, and three years later. Differences based on gender, diagnosis, and time were analyzed. Results: A significant improvement was observed in the short-term (three months) and long-term (three years) compared to the lockdown period. This improvement was maintained in all diagnostic subgroups except for mixed cases (severe mental pathology), which showed the least improvement. No significant differences were found between males and females. Conclusions: The child and adolescent population showed a greater capacity for adaptation to the lockdown than expected. Family support, decreased stress, and therapeutic intervention appear to have played an important role in improving mental health.
Prussian Blue Encapsulated with Brush-like Polyorganosiloxane Nanospheres with Tunable Functionality
Authors: Chang Yue , Chen Kaimin , Li Ziwei , Zhang Xueke , Xu Chenming , Wang Jihu , Wen Shaoguo
Published: May 2024

Faced with higher demands of pigments in various applications, the performance of pigments in a specific system is in urgent need of optimization and improvement. Polyorganosiloxane (POS) stands out among various encapsulating polymeric materials for pigment modification due to its superior thermal stability and alkali resistance. However, the inherent hydrophobicity of POS causes poor stability in aqueous systems, which is usually applied in environmentally friendly applications. Grafting hydrophilic polymer chains on the surface of POS could improve water dispersity. In addition, the encapsulated pigment can also be endowed with various functionalities by selecting or combining grafted polymers. Herein, we reported a strategy to encapsulate Prussian blue (PB27) with POS grafted with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or poly(N-(2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide) (PHEAA) to allow better stability and functionality of the composite pigment particles, denoted as PB27@POS@PAA or PB27@POS@PHEAA, respectively. The effect of the number of monomers and the amount of initiator potassium persulfate (KPS) on the brush thickness of the grafted polymers was studied, along with various performance properties and the functionality of PB27@POS@PAA and PB27@POS@PHEAA. The dispersity, alkali resistance, and high-temperature stability are studied. The brush-like composite pigment performs better after centrifugation (5000 rpm, 30 min) or treatment under 90 °C when the dosage of grafting monomer AA or HEAA reaches 400 wt%. Optimal alkali resistance was obtained for PB27@POS@PAA (AA, 200 wt%) with a particle size variation of only 31 nm after 8 h. Comparably, PB27@POS@PHEAA behaved worse under similar conditions. Moreover, PB27@POS grafted with PAA was responsive to pH and that with PHEAA showed excellent antifouling properties, which could also be replaced by other functional monomers if needed.
Synthesis and Cation Exchange of LTA Zeolites Synthesized from Different Silicon Sources Applied in CO2 Adsorption
Authors: da Silva Aryandson , Elias Emanuel Bruno Costa Dantas , Cruz Thiago Jackson Torres , Pinto Francisco Gustavo Hayala Silveira , de Mello Mariele Iara Souza , Bieseki Lindiane , Pergher Sibele Berenice Castellã
Published: May 2024

Zeolites have a well-ordered crystalline network with pores controlled in the synthesis process. Their composition comprises silicon and aluminum, so industrial residues with this composition can be used for the synthesis of zeolites. The use of zeolites for CO2 adsorption is feasible due to the characteristics that these materials have; in particular, zeolites with a low Si/Al ratio have greater gas adsorption capacities. In this work, the synthesis of LTA (Linde Type A) zeolites from silica fumes obtained from the industrial LIASA process and light coal ash is presented. We explore three different synthesis routes, where the synthesized materials undergo cation exchange and are applied in CO2 adsorption processes. Studying the synthesis processes, it is observed that all materials present characteristic diffractions for the LTA zeolite, as well as presenting specific areas between 6 and 19 m2/g and average pore distributions of 0.50 nm; however, the silica fume yielded better synthesis results, due to its lower impurity content compared to the light coal ash (which contains impurities such as quartz present in the zeolite). When applied for CO2 adsorption, the standard materials after cation exchange showed greater adsorption capacities, followed by the zeolites synthesized from silica fume and, finally, the zeolites synthesized from coal ash. By analyzing the selectivity of the materials for CO2/N2, it is observed that the materials in sodium form present greater selectivity when compared to the calcium-based materials.
Study on Preparation Optimization Technology and Surface Properties of Decorated Bamboo Filament Board
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Meiling , Bao Yongjie , Wang Xiao , Gao Jie , Li Yu , Li Junzhang , Huang Chengjian
Published: May 2024

To further improve the manufacturing process and product performance of decorated bamboo filament board, the Box–Behnken response surface analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between the hot-pressing parameters and surface bonding strength, and the optimal process optimization parameters were obtained. In addition, the wettability and color of each group of samples were tested. The results show that the optimum process parameters of decorated bamboo filament boards were 130 °C, 165 s and 2.00 MPa, and the surface bonding strength was 1.58 MPa. The relative error between the measured value and the predicted value was less than 5%. The contact angle of the bamboo filament after hot pressing was higher than without hot pressing. However, there was no correlation between wettability and the hot-pressing parameters. There was no effect on the change in bamboo surface color. This indicates that the temperature range selected in this study meets the requirements of surface color control in production.
Applicability Evaluation of Modified Epoxy Resin in the Repair and Reinforcement of Ancient Building Timber Members
Authors: Han Xu , Wang Shuangyong , Huang Lei , Zhou Haibin
Published: May 2024

To investigate the potential of modified epoxy resin for repairing and strengthening historical wooden structures, this study utilized polyurethane and silicone-modified epoxy resin as the base, alongside a polyamine curing agent. The resin mixture was cured at ambient temperature, resulting in the creation of ten unique epoxy resin systems. Investigation into the chemical structure and alterations to the glass transition temperature were conducted. The study conducted tests and characterization of viscosity, curing rate, mechanical properties, stress failure mode, hygrothermal aging resistance, and bonding properties. The results reveal that the curing degree of the two modified epoxy resins is high after being cured at room temperature, and the chemical structure and curing rate show insignificant changes. The range of the glass transition temperature for the modified epoxy resin is between 61.31 °C and 70.51 °C. The incorporation of polyurethane and silicone molecular chains into the epoxy resin cross-linking curing system enhances the toughness of the epoxy resin. The modified resin achieves a maximum elongation at break that is 5.18 times greater than that of the unmodified resin, along with a maximum tensile strength and a compressive strength that are 7.94 and 1.74 times, respectively, higher than those in the Chinese technical specifications for the maintenance and reinforcement of ancient wooden structures. The increase in toughness changes the failure mode of the cured epoxy resin. The modified epoxy resin exhibits great bonding ability to aged wood, with a shear strength of up to 9.6 MPa along the grain. As a result, the modified epoxy resin meets the requirements for the reinforcement and repair of the timber members of ancient buildings.
Immunomodulatory Effects Associated with Lactofermented Cherry Beverage Consumption in Rats
Authors: Garrido María , Navajas-Preciado Bruno , Martillanes Sara , Rocha-Pimienta Javier , Delgado-Adámez Jonathan
Published: May 2024

Cherry is a fruit which contains elevated amounts of antioxidant compounds, such as anthocyanins, pigments, and vitamins. Furthermore, it possesses high water, sugar, mineral, and indolamine contents. The general objective of this study was to characterise a cherry-based fermented beverage (the ‘sweetheart’ variety) and analyse the effects of its ingestion on (i) circulating serum levels of melatonin and serotonin, (ii) inflammatory response, and iii) serum total antioxidant capacity in rats (Rattus norvegicus). For cherry-based fermented beverage manufacturing, the cherries were washed, the stems and woody endocarps were removed, and ascorbic acid was added (to avoid enzymatic browning). After the homogenisation of the cherry fruit, lactic acid bacteria were inoculated, and the fermentation process was conducted for 36 h. The main bioactive compounds in the cherry beverage were characterised, as well as their total antioxidant capacity. Moreover, an in vivo assay was developed, in which rats ingested the fermented beverage ad libitum for seven days. The inflammatory mediators, the total antioxidant capacity, and the serum levels of melatonin and serotonin were measured. Based on these results, the intake of the cherry-based fermented beverage assayed in this study increased the total antioxidant status of rats, elevated the melatonin and serotonin levels in the serum, and improved the regulation of the inflammatory systemic processes.
The Evolving Scenario of ES-SCLC Management: From Biology to New Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Trillo Aliaga Pamela , Del Signore Ester , Fuorivia Valeria , Spitaleri Gianluca , Asnaghi Riccardo , Attili Ilaria , Corvaja Carla , Carnevale Schianca Ambra , Passaro Antonio , de Marinis Filippo
Published: May 2024

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma accounting for 15% of lung cancers with dismal survival outcomes. Minimal changes in therapy and prognosis have occurred in SCLC for the past four decades. Recent progress in the treatment of extensive-stage disease (ES-SCLC) has been marked by incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) into platinum-based chemotherapy, leading to modest improvements. Moreover, few second-line-and-beyond treatment options are currently available. The main limitation for the molecular study of SCLC has been the scarcity of samples, because only very early diseases are treated with surgery and biopsies are not performed when the disease progresses. Despite all these difficulties, in recent years we have come to understand that SCLC is not a homogeneous disease. At the molecular level, in addition to the universal loss of retinoblastoma (RB) and TP53 genes, a recent large molecular study has identified other mutations that could serve as targets for therapy development or patient selection. In recent years, there has also been the identification of new genetic subtypes which have shown us how intertumor heterogeneity exists. Moreover, SCLC can also develop intratumoral heterogeneity linked mainly to the concept of cellular plasticity, mostly due to the development of resistance to therapies. The aim of this review is to quickly present the current standard of care of ES-SCLC, to focus on the molecular landscapes and subtypes of SCLC, subsequently present the most promising therapeutic strategies under investigation, and finally recap the future directions of ongoing clinical trials for this aggressive disease which still remains a challenge.
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Lymfit: A Theory-Guided Exercise Intervention for Young Adults with Lymphoma
Authors: Tock Wing , Johnson Nathalie , Andersen Ross , Salaciak Matthew , Angelillo Christopher , Loiselle Carmen , Hébert Maude , Maheu Christine
Published: May 2024

Despite the rapidly emerging evidence on the contributions of physical activity to improving cancer-related health outcomes, adherence to physical activity among young adults with lymphoma remains suboptimal. Guided by self-determination theory (SDT), the Lymfit intervention (a 12-week individualized exercise program with bi-weekly kinesiologist support and an activity tracker) aimed to foster autonomous motivation toward physical activity. This pilot randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of Lymfit. Young adults (N = 26; mean age of 32.1 years) with lymphoma who were newly diagnosed and those up to six months after completing treatment were recruited and randomly assigned one-to-one to either the intervention group (n = 13) or a wait-list control group (n = 13). All a priori feasibility benchmarks were met, confirming the feasibility of the study in terms of recruitment uptake, retention, questionnaire completion, intervention fidelity, missing data, Fitbit wear adherence, and control group design. The intervention acceptability assessment showed high ratings, with eight out of ten items receiving >80% high ratings. At post-intervention, an analysis of covariance models showed a clinically significant increase in self-reported physical activity levels, psychological need satisfaction, and exercise motivation in the intervention group compared to controls. Lymfit also led to meaningful changes in six quality-of-life domains in the intervention group, including anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, social roles and activities, and pain interference. The findings support Lymfit as a promising means to meet psychological needs and increase the autonomous motivation for physical activity in this group. A fully powered efficacy trial is warranted to assess the validity of these findings.
Estimating the Carbon Footprint of Healthcare in the Canton of Geneva and Reduction Scenarios for 2030 and 2040
Authors: Mermillod Bruno , Tornare Raphaël , Jochum Bruno , Ray Nicolas , Flahault Antoine
Published: May 2024

Switzerland, a wealthy country, has a cutting-edge healthcare system, yet per capita, it emits over one ton of CO2, ranking among the world’s most polluting healthcare systems. To estimate the carbon footprint of the healthcare system of Geneva’s canton, we collected raw data on the activities of its stakeholders. Our analysis shows that when excluding medicines and medical devices, hospitals are the main greenhouse gas emitter by far, accounting for 48% of the healthcare system’s emission, followed by nursing homes (20%), private practice (18%), medical analysis laboratories (7%), dispensing pharmacies (4%), the homecare institution (3%), and the ambulance services (<1%). The most prominent emission items globally are medicines and medical devices by far, accounting for 59%, followed by building operation (19%), transport (11%), and catering (4%), among others. To actively reduce Geneva’s healthcare carbon emissions, we propose direct and indirect measures, either with an immediate impact or implementing systemic changes concerning medicine prescription, building heating and cooling, low-carbon means of transport, less meaty diets, and health prevention. This study, the first of its kind in Switzerland, deciphers where most of the greenhouse gas emissions arise and proposes action levers to pave the way for ambitious emission reduction policies. We also invite health authorities to engage pharmaceutical and medical suppliers in addressing their own responsibilities, notably through the adaptation of procurement processes and requirements.
Correction: AlJarrah et al. A Context-Aware Android Malware Detection Approach Using Machine Learning. Information 2022, 13, 563
Authors: AlJarrah Mohammed N. , Yaseen Qussai M. , Mustafa Ahmad M.
Published: May 2024

In the published article [...]
Functional Morphology of Leg Mechanosensory Organs in Early Postembryonic Development in the Stick Insect (Sipyloidea chlorotica)
Authors: Strauß Johannes
Published: May 2024

The subgenual organ complex of stick insects has a unique neuroanatomical organisation with two elaborate chordotonal organs, the subgenual organ and the distal organ. These organs are present in all leg pairs and are already developed in newly hatched stick insects. The present study analyses for the first time the morphology of sensory organs in the subgenual organ complex for a membrane connecting the two sensory organs in newly hatched insects (Sipyloidea chlorotica (Audinet-Serville 1838)). The stick insect legs were analysed following hatching by axonal tracing and light microscopy. The subgenual organ complex in first juvenile instars shows the sensory organs and a thin membrane connecting the sensory organs resembling the morphology of adult animals. Rarely was this membrane not detected, where it is assumed as not developed during embryogenesis. The connection appears to influence the shape of the subgenual organ, with one end extending towards the distal organ as under tension. These findings are discussed for the following functional implications: (1) the physiological responses of the subgenual organ complex to mechanical stimuli after hatching, (2) the influence of the membrane on the displacement of the sensory organs, and (3) the connection between the subgenual organ and distal organ as a possible functional coupling.
Trajectory Tracking Control of Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Based on Projected Perpendicular Guidance Method with Disturbance Observer
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhang Hugan , Zhang Xianku
Published: May 2024

Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) possess impressive maneuverability and versatility, but controlling them during trajectory tracking can be challenging due to their susceptibility to external disturbances and perturbations in their model parameters. Additionally, the UUV has four degrees of freedom underwater, but only three control inputs, making it a typical underactuated system. To address these issues, this paper introduces a novel optimize sliding mode control (OPSMC) algorithm grounded in projected perpendicular guidance (PPG). The PPG algorithm transforms the three-degree-of-freedom path trajectory control into two-degree-of-freedom heading tracking control and surge velocity tracking control by designing virtual posture angles. Optimized sliding mode control, based on sliding mode control, improves control precision and reduces control input chattering by constructing optimization functions for control inputs. During trajectory tracking, UUVs are susceptible to external environmental disturbances and perturbations in system model parameters. Disturbance observers are employed to estimate these disturbances and perturbations. Finally, MATLAB/Simulink is used for numerical simulation experiments. The simulation results demonstrate that the PPG algorithm effectively enables underactuated UUVs to achieve trajectory tracking control. The designed optimized sliding mode controller and disturbance observer enhance the control precision and robustness of the system.
The Catalytic Activity of Magnetic Surfaces
Authors: Shuttleworth Ian
Published: May 2024

High-performance catalysts for the oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions (ORR and HER, respectively) are highly sought-after, particularly with the commitment of numerous agencies to the removal of conventional gas vehicles in the next few decades. Surprisingly little focus has been placed on the development of magnetic models to describe these systems. The current work will review the current understanding of surface heterogeneous catalysis across select magnetic surfaces, with attention focused on studies involving extended surfaces, which inherently are more accessible to fundamental analysis than the more applied nanoparticle systems. However, even the most up-to-date magnetic variants of this theory have focused on the tight binding limit of the d-band model. In this limit, the reactivity of the surface is governed by the position of the center of the d-band, and the model does not account for the higher moments of the d-band, such as the width, asymmetry, and modality. A summary of the theory supporting this analysis will be presented, along with a summary of the current literature on this level of analysis. The review will then conclude with a discussion of suggested directions for future investigations.
Dynamics of a Model of Coronavirus Disease with Fear Effect, Treatment Function, and Variable Recovery Rate
Authors: Alqahtani Rubayyi T. , Ajbar Abdelhamid , Alharthi Nadiyah Hussain
Published: May 2024

In this work, we developed, validated, and analysed the behaviour of a compartmental model of COVID-19 transmission in Saudi Arabia. The population was structured into four classes: susceptible (S), exposed (E), infectious (I), and removed (R) individuals. This SEIR model assumes a bilinear incidence rate and a nonlinear recovery rate that depends on the quality of health services. The model also considers a treatment function and incorporates the effect of fear due to the disease. We derived the expression of the basic reproduction number and the equilibrium points of the model and demonstrated that when the reproduction number is less than one, the disease-free equilibrium is stable, and the model predicts a backward bifurcation. We further found that when the reproduction number is larger than one, the model predicts stable periodic behaviour. Finally, we used numerical simulations with parameter values fitted to Saudi Arabia to analyse the effects of the model parameters on the model-predicted dynamic behaviours.