bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Validity of Blended Learning-Based Laboratory Inquiry Learning Tools
Authors: Sulawanti Ezha Vandia , Ramdani Agus , Artayasa Putu
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the blended learning-based laboratory inquiry learning device. This type of research includes research and development. The development research procedure carried out in the development of blended learning-based laboratory inquiry learning tools refers to the 4D development steps, namely define, design, develop and disseminate. The blended learning-based inquiry learning tool developed consists of a syllabus, lesson plans, LKPD, modules, and evaluation instruments. This study only focuses on content and construct validity which were validated by three experts. Based on the results of the validity analysis using the Aiken index and the reliability analysis using the percentage agreement, it was found that the blended learning-based laboratory inquiry learning tool developed had valid and reliable criteria.
The Validity of Science Learning Devices Based on the 7E Learning Cycle Model to Improve Concept Mastery of Junior High School Students
Authors: Rahman Muliadi , Ramdani Agus , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to develop a science learning tool based on the 7E learning cycle model that is valid to improve the mastery of concepts and science process skills for Junior high school students. The device development carried out refers to the Research and Development (R & D) development model based on the Thiagarajan 4D development model which includes the design, define, develop and disseminate stages. Based on the results of validation by 3 expert validators, it was obtained that the average value of the validity of the learning learning tools developed included the Syllabus 83.33%, lesson plan 81.48%, student worksheet 74.17%, Concept Mastery Assessment Instruments 77.78% and science process skills tests 80.00%. Based on the results of validation by 3 validators, In conclusion, the science learning device based on the 7E learning model developed is valid for use in learning.
ANABATİK VE KATABATİK KRİSTOLOJİ AÇISINDAN İNCİLLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KOÇ KANCA Hatice
Published: July 2021

Bir dini doğru anlamak o dinin ilahi esin olarak kabul ettiği metni ve metin içinde dinin kurucusu olarak takdim edilen şahsın nasıl betimlendiğini anlamakla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Araştırma konusu edilen dinin teolojik nosyonunun anlaşılması, dinin temel metninin tahlili ve doğru anlaşılması ile mümkündür. Ancak söz konusu Hristiyanlık dini olduğunda, tek bir referanstan, tek bir ilahi kitaptan ve tek bir algıdan söz edilemez. Dolayısıyla dinin merkez figürü olan İsa’nın, kristolojik açıdan konumlandırıldığı yer ve bu yerin dini düşünce içerisinde mensupları tarafından nasıl algılandığı önemlidir.

Bu bağlamda öğretinin ana mesajının anlaşılması için en azından kanonik kabul edilen İncillerin ayrı ayrı incelenmesi ve bu şekilde İsa’nın kristolojideki yerinin tespit edilmesi icap eder. Bilindiği gibi tarihsel İsa araştırmaları çerçevesinde, İsa’nın dindeki konumunu betimleyen pek çok kristolojik model ile ortaya konmuştur. Biz bu çalışmada modern Hristiyan teoloğu John Macquarrie tarafından ortaya konan anabatik ve katabatik kristoloji sınıflandırmasını ve buna bağlı olarak tüm Hristiyanların Tanrı esini olarak kabul ettiği kendi kutsal kitaplarının bir kısmını oluşturan Matta, Markos, Luka ve Yuhanna İncillerinin sunmuş olduğu İsa portresini irdelemeyi hedefliyoruz. Bu çerçevede İncillerin kristolojik yaklaşımını anabatik ve katabatik sınıflandırması üzerinden tespit ederek, bu dört İncil’in İsa’yı Hristiyan kristolojisinin neresine yerleştirmiş olduklarını belirlemek, bu bağlamda Hristiyanlığın İncillere dayalı olarak İsa algısı ve mesajının ne olduğunu kristolojik açıdan farklılıklarını tespit etmek amaçlanmaktadır.
STANDAR PROFESI HUKUM DAN KONTRIBUSI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PROFESI HUKUM YANG PROFESIONAL DI ERA DISRUPTIF
Authors: Syaifudin Ahmad
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe shift in working patterns that are so fast at Disruptive Era in the legal profession gives strong demands to legal professionals to quickly adapt, the right adaptations of course that will make a positive contribution to the realization of a legal climate that leads to just law. Everything returns to the Professional Actors, the more qualified professional actors and the understanding of the importance of being professional will greatly impact the achievement of the principle of legal objectives. In this study, the authors used a normative juridical method using a statutory approach and a historical approach. From the research it can be concluded that the quality of the education process carried out with the right standards / criteria will greatly affect the quality of legal profession actors, understanding of knowledge, the ability to implement knowledge and work attitudes in accordance with the norms determined and contained in the professional code of ethics. will create a positive climate for the realization of a just law in our country. Keywords: Professionalism, Education, Ethics, QualityABSTRAK Pergeseran pola kerja yang sedemikian cepat di Era Disrupsi dalam profesi hukum memberikan tuntutan yang kuat kepada pelaku profesi hukum untuk cepat beradaptasi, adaptasi yang tepat tentunya yang akan memberikan kontribusi positif bagi terwujudnya iklim hukum yang menuju kepada Hukum yang berkeadilan. Semua kembali kepada Pelaku Profesi, semakin berkualitas pelaku profesi dan pemahaman pentingnya bersikap professional akan sangat berdampak pada tercapainya prinsip tujuan hukum. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan memakai pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach), perundang-undangan (Statute Approach) dan pendekatan kasus (Case Approach). dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas proses Pendidikan yang dilakukan dengan standart baku/kriteria yang tepat akan sangat mempengaruhi kualitas pelaku profesi hukum, pemahaman tentang pengetahuan, kemampuan dalam mengimplementasikan pengetahuan dan sikap kerja yang sesuai dengan norma-norma yang ditentukan dan tertuang dalam kode etik profesi akan menciptakan iklim positif bagi terwujudkannya hukum yang berkadilan.Kata Kunci : Profesionalisme, Pendidikan, Etika, Berkualitas
ANALISIS TINDAK PIDANA PENGGUNAAN ALAT RAPID TEST ANTIGEN BEKAS OLEH OKNUM PETUGAS MEDIS KIMIA FARMA
Authors: Ratnasari Indah Wahyuni Dian
Published: July 2021

Biaya tes RT-PCR atau rapid test antigen yang cukup mahal menjadikan tes RT-PCR atau rapid test antigen menjadi bisnis yang sangat menguntungkan bagi penyedia jasa pelayanan kesehatan. Hal tersebut terlihat dari banyaknya penyedia jasa yang menyediakan jasa tes RT-PCR atau rapid test antigen. Peluang tersebut membuat oknum petugas medis Kimia Farma di Bandara Internasional Kualanamu Kota Medan Sumatera Utara memanfaatkan keadaan tersebut dengan cara melakukan daur ulang alat rapid test antigen, kemudian menggunakan alat rapid test antigen bekas kepada masyarakat yang melakukan tes. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dipandang perlu untuk mengkaji terkait pengaturan hukum yang dilanggar dalam penggunaan alat rapid test antigen bekas oleh oknum petugas medis kimia farma, serta ancaman pidana yang dapat diterapkan atas penggunaan alat rapid test antigen bekas oleh oknum petugas medis kimia farma.
Inovasi dan kreativitas Public Service Era Otonomi Daerah sebagai Modern Local Government
Authors: Afifuddin Afifuddin
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe implementation of public services is still going on with the old public administration practices. Therefore, it is time for the bureaucracy to change its mindset. The development of the paradigm of public administration can bring enlightenment to the bureaucracy. Public Service innovation and creativity is one of the right solutions in the era of regional autonomy in achieving the welfare of modern regional government. The Indonesian state in running the government, the relationship between the central government and local governments must be well and harmoniously established. The intertwined goal is for the prosperity of the people. Regional autonomy can provide flexibility for regions to innovate and create local community creativity as material for local government policies. Therefore, several important discourses in Public Administration Science can be a reference for modernizing the administration of local government in the era of regional autonomy. Keywords        : Innovation, Public Service Creativity, Regional Autonomy, Center,                          Region and Local Government ABSTRAKPenyelenggarakan pelayanan publik masih saja terjadi praktik-praktik old public administration. Oleh karena itu sudah saatnya birokrasi merubah mindsetnya. Perkembangan paradigma administrasi publik dapat membawa pencerahan bagi birokrasi. Inovasi dan kreativitas Public Service merupakan salah satu solusi yang tepat di era otonomi daerah dalam mencapai kesejahteraan pemerintahan daerah yang modern. Negara Indonesia dalam menjalankan pemerintahan, hubungan pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah harus terjalin dengan baik dan harmonis. Tujuan yang terjalin tersebut untuk kemakmuran rakyat. Otonomi daerah dapat memberikan keleluasaan bagi daerah untuk melakukan innovasi dan kreativitas masyarakat setempat sebagai bahan kebijakan local government. Oleh karena itu beberapa wacana penting dalam Ilmu Administrasi Publik dapat menjadi rujukan untuk memodernisasi penyelenggaraan pemerintah daerah dalam era otonomi daerah. Kata Kunci    : Inovasi, kreativitas Public Service, Otonomi Daerah, Pusat, Daerah dan                          Local Government
Enfoque Ontossemiótico da Cognição e Instrução Matemática: um estudo metanalítico das teses produzidas no Brasil
Authors: Breda Adriana , Bolondi Giorgio , De Abreu Silva Roger
Published: July 2021

Objetiva-se analisar como se desenvolveram as pesquisas de doutorado no âmbito do Enfoque Ontossemiótico da Cognição e Instrução Matemática (EOS) no Brasil. Por meio de categorias a priori, realizou-se uma metanálise de dezesseis teses de doutorado que usaram como referente teórico-analítico as ferramentas do EOS. Observa-se que 2016 e 2017 foram os anos com o maior número de teses depositadas, que a maior parte das teses se realizaram no estado de São Paulo e que, em sua maioria, tiveram como lócus de estudo cursos de capacitação docente. Constata-se que o tema mais abordado foi a formação de professores e as ferramentas mais utilizadas foram os Critérios de Adequação Didática seguida da Configuração de Objetos e Processos. Por fim, identifica-se que algumas teses articulam o EOS com outras abordagens teóricas.
Professores de matemática em formação inicial elaborando uma situação desencadeadora de aprendizagem no Clube de Matemática
Authors: Ferreira Cezar Augusto , Silva Maria Marta da , Cedro Wellington Lima
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo discute-se o potencial do Clube de Matemática como lócus de aprendizagem da docência, tendo o planejamento compartilhado de tarefas de ensino como organizador da atividade de professores de Matemática em formação inicial. Nesse viés o objetivo desse artigo é investigar as contribuições do processo de elaboração de uma Situação Desencadeadora da Aprendizagem (SDA) para a aprendizagem da docência de professores que participam do Clube de Matemática. A SDA foi desenvolvida, com base em uma história virtual na forma de uma história em quadrinhos intitulada “Os Agnuns”. A HQ abordava os nexos relacionados ao sistema de numeração. O experimento formativo foi adotado como metodologia de pesquisa. Os resultados demonstraram uma mudança de sentidos em relação à formação docente que esteve todo o tempo sustentada com base na intencionalidade e organização de ações no Clube. Também houve indícios da constituição da atividade principal desses professores em formação, salientando o quão é relevante a apropriação conceitual permitida nesse espaço formativo peculiar.
THE JUDGE’S EX OFFICIO RIGHTS ON THE CASE OF TALAK DIVORCE; MAQASID SHARIˋAH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Fathurrohmah Fathurrohmah
Published: July 2021

This article is the result of library research. This research is included in normative legal research. This research discussion aims to explain the basis of Islamic law on the use of ex efficio rights of Nganjuk Religious Court judges in deciding divorce cases, number: 2033/Pdt.G/2017/PA.Ngj. Researcher analysis data by maqāsid sharī'ah theory. The findings of this study are that the use of ex efficio rights of the Nganjuk Religious Court which does not follow civil procedural law has a strong Islamic legal basis. This argument is based on the maqāsid sharī'ah shāṭibi theory. The benefits that are guarded by the judge are in accordance with the al Dharūriyyāt category, especially hifz al nafs, namely the maintenance of the soul. The benefit of Dharāriyyāt is shown through the first data that the wife is proven not to be given her rights by her husband before the divorce is decided, so the judge considers ex officio rights; second, maintaining the rights of the ex-wife after the divorce even though the wife (the respondent) did not file a reconvention in the trial.

 

Keywords: right of ex officio judge, divorce, sharia purpose

Abstrak

Artikel ini adalah hasil dari penelitian pustaka (library research). Penelitian ini masuk dalam kategori penelitian hukum normatif. Diskusi penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan dasar hukum Islam penggunaan hak ex efficio hakim Pengadilan Agama Nganjuk dalam memutuskan perkara cerai talak Nomor: 2033/Pdt.G/2017/PA.Ngj. Peneliti mengnalisis data menggunakan teori maqāsid sharī’ah.   Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa penggunaan hak ex efficio Pengadilan Agama Nganjuk yang tidak mengikuti hukum acara perdata mempunyai dasar hukum Islam yang kuat. Argumen ini didasari oleh teori maqasid sharī’ah shāṭibi. Maslahat yang dijaga oleh hakim sesuai dengan kategori al Dharūriyyāt khususnya hifz al nafs yakni pemeliharaan jiwa. Kemaslahatan Dharūriyyāt ditunjukkan melalui data pertama istri terbukti tidak diberikan hak-haknya oleh suami sebelum diputus cerai, sehingga hakim mempertimbangkan hak ex officio; kedua, menjaga hak-hak mantan istri  pasca perceraian walaupun istri (termohon) tidak mengajukan rekonvensi dalam persidangan.

 

Kata kunci: Hak Ex Officio Hakim, Cerai Talak, Maqasid Shariˋah
PRESERVATION OF UANG ASAP TRADITION IN MELAYU WEDDING: MAQĀSID SHAR'AH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Humairah Siti
Published: July 2021

This article is the result of a qualitative field research. This research is a legal sociology research. This article discusses determination of “Uang Asap” in the Malay wedding tradition. The researcher analyzed the research data using the maqasid shariah theory. The location of this research is in Nusapati Village, Sungai Pinyuh District, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan. The findings of this study are that in the view of maqasid sharia, the determination of smoked money is included in the category of tahsiniyat (tertiary) benefit. Field data shows that the giving of smoked money is a general tradition, in the sense that it applies to everyone of the Malay ethnicity, especially in Nusapati Village, Sungai Pinyuh District, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan. Although the giving of smoked money is not explicitly regulated in maqasid sharia, the giving of smoked money is already a tradition that must be carried out in the community and as long as this does not conflict with aqidah and shari'ah then it is allowed by Islamic law

Keywords: “uang asap” tradition, wedding traditions, maqasid shariah theory

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini adalah hasil penelitian kualitatif lapangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sosiologi hukum. Artikel ini mendiskusikan penetapan uang asap dalam tradisi pernikahan adat Melayu. Peneliti menganalisis data penelitian menggunakan teori maqasid shariah. Lokasi penelitian ini berada di Desa Nusapati Kecamatan Sungai Pinyuh Kabupaten Mempawah Kalimantan Barat. Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa Dalam pandangan maqasid syariah  penetapan uang asap masuk dalam kategori kemaslahatan tahsiniyat (tersier). Data lapangan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian uang asap merupakan tradisi yang bersifat umum, dalam artian berlaku pada setiap orang yang bersuku Melayu  khususnya di Desa Nusapati Kecamatan Sungai Pinyuh Kabupaten Mempawah Kalimantan Barat. Walaupun pemberian uang asap ini tidak secara gamblang diatur dalam maqasid syariah, namun pemberian uang asap sudah merupakan suatu tradisi yang harus dilakukan pada masyarakat tersebut dan selama hal ini tidak bertentangan dengan akidah dan syari’at maka hal itu diperbolehkan oleh hukum islam.

 

Kata Kunci: tradisi uang asap, adat pernikahan, teori maqasid shariah
LEGAL THREATS OF ILLEGAL MARRIAGE
Authors: Musyafirudin Imam
Published: July 2021

This article is the result of library research. This research is included in the category of normative legal research. This research discussion aims to explain the istiḥān argument against the draft criminal sanctions law for perpetrators of illegal marriages. The researcher analyzed the data using istihsān bi al-maqāsid sharī'ah theory. The findings of this study are that the draft law regarding the provision of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of illegal marriages is not effectively implemented. This argument is based on the reading of legal material data with the theory of Istiḥsān bi maṣlaḥat al-mursalah. The legal reasoning put forward by Toeri istihsan is first, there are still many inadequate facilities in serving the implementation of Law Number 1 of 1974; second, less than optimal bureaucracy and background problems or motivation in carrying out marriages outside the institution of marriage registrar officials as well as conflicting government regulations with one another. The research data is read with the istiḥsān theory and results in the absence of mashlahah if the rules of criminal sanctions are applied.

Keywords: Perpetrators of illegal marriages, Draft law, istiḥsān

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini adalah hasil dari penelitian pustaka (library research). Penelitian ini masuk dalam kategori penelitian hukum normatif. Diskusi penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan argument istiḥān  terhadap rancangan undang-undang sanksi pidana bagi pelaku nikah illegal. Peneliti mengnalisis data menggunakan teori istihsān bi al- maqāsid sharī’ah.   Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa rancangan undang-undang tentang pemberian sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku perkawinan illegal tidak efektif diterapkan.. Argumen ini didasari oleh pembacaan data bahan hukum dengan teori Istiḥsān bi maṣlaḥat al-mursalah. Nalar hukum yang diajukan oleh toeri istihsan ini pertama, masih banyak fasilitas yang kurang memadai dalam melayani pelaksanaan Undang Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974; kedua, birokrasi yang kurang optimal dan masalah latar belakang atau motivasi dalam melangsungkan perkawinan diluar institusi pejabat pencatat nikah serta berbenturannya aturan pemerintah antara yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Data penelitian dibaca dengan teori istiḥsān dan menghasilkan  tidak masuk adanya mashlahah jika diterapkan aturan sangsi pidana tersebut

Kata kunci: Pelaku pernikahan illegal, Rancangan undang-undang, istiḥsān
WEDDING TRADITION OF SUNDA CULTURE IN ISLAMIC LAW PERPECTIVE
Authors: Putri Bunga Nurwiyatin
Published: July 2021

This article is the result of a qualitative field research. This article discusses a series of Sundanese traditional marriages from the perspective of Islamic law. The research location is in Caringin Village, Tegal Panjang Village, Sucinarja District, Garut Regency. This study concludes that the series of Sundanese traditional wedding ceremonies are not in conflict with fiqh law. The series consists of a) pre-marriage stage; b) stage of the marriage contract; and c) post-marriage contract stage. The three sets of Sundanese marriage traditions are in harmony with the law of fiqh. This argument is built by analyzing the three series with the jurisprudence of the four schools of thought, istihsan bi maqasid al-shariah, isthsan bi al'urf, and the text of the argument.

Keywords: Sundanese traditional marria, Islamic law, urf,  maqasid shari’ah

 

 

 Abstrak

Artikel ini adalah hasil penelitian kualitatif lapangan. Artikel ini mendiskusikan rangkaian pernikahan adat Sunda dengan perspektif hukum Islam. Lokasi penelitian berada di kampung caringin desa tegal panjang kecamatan sucinarja kabupaten garut. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa rangkaian upacara pernikahan adat sunda semuanya tidak bertentangan dengan hukum fiqih. Rangkaian itu terdiri a) tahap pra nikah; b) tahap akad nikah; dan c) tahap pasca-akad nikah. Ketiga rangkaian tradisi pernikahan sunda selaras dengan hukum fiqih. Argument ini dibangun dengan menganalisis ketiga rangkaian tersebut dengan fiqih empat mazhab, istihsan bi maqasid al-shariah, isthsan bi al’urf, serta dalil nas.

Kata Kunci: pernikahan adat Sunda, hukum islam, ‘urf,  maqasid shari’ah
The Effect of a Restricted Feed Ration on Dairy Cow Response to Containment From Feed Using a Virtual Fence
Authors: Colusso Patricia I. , Clark Cameron E. F. , Green Alexandra C. , Lomax Sabrina
Published: July 2021

Dairy cattle are offered varying amounts of feed which they deplete through time. A reduction in the amount of feed allocated to cows may impact on their containment using a virtual fence (VF). Pre-commercial neckbands (eShepherd®, Agersens, Melbourne, VIC) deliver an audio tone (AT) to the individual cow when it reaches the VF, and this is followed by an electrical pulse (EP) if they continue forward movement. No further stimuli are delivered if the cow stops or turns around. Thirty-four non-lactating dairy cows were used across three blocks in a controlled field experiment evaluating the impact of feed restriction on the exclusion of cows from a lucerne cube feed source using a VF. Within each block cows were pre-trained to the VF system for 6-days on pasture before being fed either a (1) Restricted (R, 12 ± 0.3 kg) or (2) Above maintenance (+M, 20 kg) lucerne cube ration each day. The treatment groups were then tested for four 30 min tests (T1–T4) in test paddocks of 100 × 20 m. For testing, a VF was set at 30 m from the paddock entry and 2 kg per cow of lucerne cube feed was placed at 90 m. Only R cows crossed the VF to access the feed, thereby receiving more AT and EP stimuli in T1 and T2 as compared to +M cows (P ≤ 0.03). However, there was no difference between treatments in T3 and T4 as cows learned the test routine and to remain within the VF in the paddock context. These results suggest that feed restriction may impact the exclusion of dairy cows from feed using a VF, but this effect is limited, and cows can learn to remain within a VF even when fed a restricted ration.
A GSK3-SRF Axis Mediates Angiotensin II Induced Endothelin Transcription in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Yang Yuyu , Wang Huidi , Zhao Hongwei , Miao Xiulian , Guo Yan , Zhuo Lili , Xu Yong
Published: July 2021

Endothelin, encoded by ET1, is a vasoactive substance primarily synthesized in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Elevation of endothelin levels, due to transcriptional hyperactivation, has been observed in a host of cardiovascular diseases. We have previously shown that serum response factor (SRF) is a regulator of ET1 transcription in VECs. Here we report that angiotensin II (Ang II) induced ET1 transcription paralleled activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in cultured VECs. GSK3 knockdown or pharmaceutical inhibition attenuated Ang II induced endothelin expression. Of interest, the effect of GSK3 on endothelin transcription relied on the conserved SRF motif within the ET1 promoter. Further analysis revealed that GSK3 interacted with and phosphorylated SRF at serine 224. Phosphorylation of SRF by GSK3 did not influence its recruitment to the ET1 promoter. Instead, GSK3-mediated SRF phosphorylation potentiated its interaction with MRTF-A, a key co-factor for SRF, which helped recruit the chromatin remodeling protein BRG1 to the ET1 promoter resulting in augmented histone H3 acetylation/H3K4 trimethylation. Consistently, over-expression of a constitutively active GSK enhanced Ang II-induced ET1 transcription and knockdown of either MRTF-A or BRG1 abrogated the enhancement of ET1 transcription. In conclusion, our data highlight a previously unrecognized mechanism that contributes to the transcriptional regulation of endothelin. Targeting this GSK3-SRF axis may yield novel approaches in the intervention of cardiovascular diseases.
Identifying Elevated Risk for Future Pain Crises in Sickle-Cell Disease Using Photoplethysmogram Patterns Measured During Sleep: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ji Yunhua , Chalacheva Patjanaporn , Rosen Carol L. , DeBaun Michael R. , Coates Thomas D. , Khoo Michael C. K.
Published: July 2021

Transient increases in peripheral vasoconstriction frequently occur in obstructive sleep apnea and periodic leg movement disorder, both of which are common in sickle cell disease (SCD). These events reduce microvascular blood flow and increase the likelihood of triggering painful vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) that are the hallmark of SCD. We recently reported a significant association between the magnitude of vasoconstriction, inferred from the finger photoplethysmogram (PPG) during sleep, and the frequency of future VOC in 212 children with SCD. In this study, we present an improved predictive model of VOC frequency by employing a two-level stacking machine learning (ML) model that incorporates detailed features extracted from the PPG signals in the same database. The first level contains seven different base ML algorithms predicting each subject's pain category based on the input PPG characteristics and other clinical information, while the second level is a meta model which uses the inputs to the first-level model along with the outputs of the base models to produce the final prediction. Model performance in predicting future VOC was significantly higher than in predicting VOC prior to each sleep study (F1-score of 0.43 vs. 0.35, p-value <0.0001), consistent with our hypothesis of a causal relationship between vasoconstriction and future pain incidence, rather than past pain leading to greater propensity for vasoconstriction. The model also performed much better than our previous conventional statistical model (F1 = 0.33), as well as all other algorithms that used only the base-models for predicting VOC without the second tier meta model. The modest F1 score of the present predictive model was due in part to the relatively small database with substantial imbalance (176:36) between low-pain and high-pain subjects, as well as other factors not captured by the sleep data alone. This report represents the first attempt ever to use non-invasive finger PPG measurements during sleep and a ML-based approach to predict increased propensity for VOC crises in SCD. The promising results suggest the future possibility of embedding an improved version of this model in a low-cost wearable system to assist clinicians in managing long-term therapy for SCD patients.
Systematic Triggering of Large Earthquakes by Karst Water Recharge: Statistical Evidence in Northeastern Italy
Authors: Bragato Pier Luigi
Published: July 2021

It is known that surface water accumulation by natural or anthropic causes like precipitation and reservoir impoundment can trigger earthquakes. The phenomenon is amplified and sped up in karst areas, where fracture systems can store large quantities of water and facilitate its percolation to seismogenic depths, increasing both elastic stress and pore pressure on pre-existent faults. The present work explored the possibility that this mechanism had systematically triggered major earthquakes in northeastern Italy, where seismicity is concentrated along the pre-Alpine thrust belt, characterized by the alignment of a series of karst massifs. The time occurrence of damaging and destructive earthquakes (moment magnitude Mw between 4.8 and 6.4) since 1901 was compared with the evolution of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), an index of soil moisture that summarizes precipitation and, through temperature, water evaporation. Statistical analysis based on the bivariate Ripley’s K-function shows a significant time correlation between earthquakes and the peaks of PDSI since 1934, with the two strongest earthquakes (1936 Alpago-Cansiglio earthquake and 1976 Friuli earthquake, Mw 6.1 and 6.4, respectively) placed by the two PDSI maxima. The analysis was extended back in time to the last millennium, showing a time correlation between the occurrence of destructive earthquakes (Mw ≥ 6.2) and the peaks of ice extension in the European Alps, assumed as a proxy for groundwater accumulation in the study area. This evidence presented herein coupled with geological characteristics of the area and recent observations on large crustal deformations induced by heavy precipitation suggests that, if PDSI is a valid ground water indicator, karst water recharge may play a role in triggering major earthquakes in northeastern Italy, also relating their occurrence to the large scale climate changes affecting precipitation and evaporation.
Rapid Terrain Assessment for Earthquake-Triggered Landslide Susceptibility With High-Resolution DEM and Critical Acceleration
Authors: Maharjan Season , Gnyawali Kaushal Raj , Tannant Dwayne D. , Xu Chong , Lacroix Pascal
Published: July 2021

Earthquake ground motion often triggers landslides in mountainous areas. A simple, robust method to quickly evaluate the terrain’s susceptibility of specific locations to earthquake-triggered landslides is important for planning field reconnaissance and rescues after earthquakes. Different approaches have been used to estimate coseismic landslide susceptibility using Newmark’s sliding block model. This model requires an estimate of the landslide depth or thickness, which is a difficult parameter to estimate. We illustrate the use of Newmark sliding block’s critical acceleration for a glaciated valley affected by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal. The landslide data came from comparing high-resolution pre- and post-earthquake digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from Spot 6/7 images. The areas where changes were detected provided an inventory of all the landslides triggered by the earthquake. The landslide susceptibility was modeled in a GIS environment using as inputs the pre-earthquake terrain and slope angles, the peak ground acceleration from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, and a geological map. We exploit the depth information for the landslides (obtained by DEM difference) to apply the critical acceleration model. The spatial distribution of the predicted earthquake-triggered landslides matched the actual landslides when the assumed landslide thickness in the model is close to the median value of the actual landslide thickness (2.6 m in this case). The landslide predictions generated a map of landslide locations close to those observed and demonstrated the applicability of critical acceleration for rapidly creating a map of earthquake-triggered landslides.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated With Low Testosterone Levels in Severely Obese Men
Authors: Tančić-Gajić Milina , Vukčević Miodrag , Ivović Miomira , Marina Ljiljana V. , Arizanović Zorana , Soldatović Ivan , Stojanović Miloš , Đogo Aleksandar , Kendereški Aleksandra , Vujović Svetlana
Published: July 2021

Background

Disrupted sleep affects cardio-metabolic and reproductive health. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome represents a major complication of obesity and has been associated with gonadal axis activity changes and lower serum testosterone concentration in men. However, there is no consistent opinion on the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on testosterone levels in men.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of obstructive sleep apnea on total and free testosterone levels in severely obese men.

Materials and methods

The study included 104 severely obese (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2) men, aged 20 to 60, who underwent anthropometric, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, and sex hormone measurements. All participants were subjected to polysomnography. According to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) patients were divided into 3 groups: <15 (n = 20), 15 - 29.9 (n = 17) and ≥ 30 (n = 67).

Results

There was a significant difference between AHI groups in age (29.1 ± 7.2, 43.2 ± 13.2, 45.2 ± 10.2 years; p < 0.001), BMI (42.8 ± 5.9, 43.2 ± 5.9, 47.1 ± 7.8 kg/m2; p = 0.023), the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (55%, 82.4%, 83.6%, p = 0.017), continuous metabolic syndrome score (siMS) (4.01 ± 1.21, 3.42 ± 0.80, 3.94 ± 1.81, 4.20 ± 1.07; p = 0.038), total testosterone (TT) (16.6 ± 6.1, 15.2 ± 5.3, 11.3 ± 4.44 nmol/l; p < 0.001) and free testosterone (FT) levels (440.4 ± 160.8, 389.6 ± 162.5, 294.5 ± 107.0 pmol/l; p < 0.001). TT level was in a significant negative correlation with AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), BMI, MetS and siMS. Also, FT was in a significant negative correlation with AHI, ODI, BMI, age, MetS and siMS. The multiple regression analysis revealed that both AHI and ODI were in significant correlation with TT and FT after adjustment for age, BMI, siMS score and MetS components.

Conclusion

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with low TT and FT levels in severely obese men.
Single-Cell Proteomics Reveals the Defined Heterogeneity of Resident Macrophages in White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Félix Inês , Jokela Heli , Karhula Joonas , Kotaja Noora , Savontaus Eriika , Salmi Marko , Rantakari Pia
Published: July 2021

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) regulate homeostasis and contribute to the metabolically harmful chronic inflammation in obese individuals. While evident heterogeneity of resident ATMs has been described previously, their phenotype, developmental origin, and functionality remain inconsistent. We analyzed white adipose tissue (WAT) during homeostasis and diet interventions using comprehensive and unbiased single-cell mass cytometry and genetic lineage tracking models. We now provide a uniform definition of individual subsets of resident ATMs. We show that in lean mice, WAT co-harbors eight kinetically evolving CD206+ macrophage subpopulations (defined by TIM4, CD163, and MHC II) and two CD206– macrophage subpopulations. TIM4–CD163+, TIM4–CD163– and CD206– macrophage populations are largely bone marrow-derived, while the proliferating TIM4+CD163+ subpopulation is of embryonic origin. All macrophage subtypes are active in phagocytosis, endocytosis, and antigen processing in vitro, whereas TIM4+CD163+ cells are superior in scavenging in vivo. A high-fat diet induces massive infiltration of CD206– macrophages and selective down-regulation of MHC II on TIM4+ macrophages. These changes are reversed by dietary intervention. Thus, the developmental origin and environment jointly regulate the functional malleability of resident ATMs.
Hard-Bottom Megabenthic Communities of a Chilean Fjord System: Sentinels for Climate Change?
Authors: Betti Federico , Enrichetti Francesco , Bavestrello Giorgio , Costa Andrea , Moreni Alessandra , Bo Marzia , Ortiz Saini Paula , Daneri Giovanni
Published: July 2021

Chilean Patagonia hosts one of the extensive fjord systems in the world, spanning more than 1,600 km between 41 and 55°S, and with a complex geomorphology and hydrography that supports rich and unique assemblages of marine fauna. The biodiversity of benthic organisms is possibly further enhanced by the geographic position of the region that extends far south into subantarctic waters. However, we currently lack an exhaustive picture of the zonation and ecological functioning of the benthic communities within Chilean fjords. The present study provides a detailed examination of the hard substrata megabenthic communities inhabiting the Puyuhuapi and Jacaf fjord system, in the Aysén Region of Chile. Fifty-nine stations scattered along these fjords were explored through SCUBA diving surveys, at depths between 5 and 30 m, and 16 stations were characterized in terms of benthic cover and diversity using replicated underwater photography. Ten hard bottom megabenthic communities were identified within the fjords, with some communities newly described for this region. Community composition varied both along-fjord, and with depth, and was apparently driven by variation in environmental properties. Our characterization of these fjord communities improves overall knowledge of the functioning of the fjords, and provides a useful baseline against which future anthropogenic pressures can be assessed. Future shifts in bathymetric and geographical distributions might indicate detrimental effects of climate changes, and we therefore propose that characteristic communities could be adopted as “sentinels” for overall environmental status of these unique fjord ecosystems. In this regard, detailed mapping of the distribution of megabenthic communities can provide a fundamental tool that assists in best management practices for these ecosystems.
Dietary Carbohydrate and Protein Levels Affect the Growth Performance of Juvenile Peanut Worm (Sipunculus nudus): An LC–MS-Based Metabolomics Study
Authors: Huang Jianqiang , Zhong Ruzhuo , Yang Chuangye , Wang Qingheng , Liao Yongshan , Deng Yuewen
Published: July 2021

The peanut worm (Sipunculus nudus) is an economically important fishery resource in China. To determine how dietary carbohydrate and protein levels affect the growth performance of juvenile S. nudus and identify the mechanisms underlying observed patterns, five isoenergetic and isolipidic diets with different levels of carbohydrate and protein were formulated and fed to juvenile S. nudus; the experimental groups were referred to as EG1, EG2, EG3, EG4, and EG5, respectively. After 90 days of feeding, S. nudus had significantly lower survival rates when fed D5 compared with other diets (P < 0.05), and the highest survival rate was observed in EG2 individuals. The weight gain rate and specific growth rate were significantly higher in EG2 compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Metabolomic profiling using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed 83 significantly differential metabolites (POS: 59; NEG: 24), which were identified via an in-house MS2 database. Pathway analysis indicated that the significantly different metabolites were involved in 22 metabolic pathways (POS: 9; NEG: 13), including tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; phenylalanine metabolism; D-glutamate and D-glutamine metabolism; proline and arginine metabolism; aspartate, alanine, and glutamate metabolism; and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. These analyses implied that the biosynthetic capabilities of juvenile S. nudus were greater in the EG2. The results of this research enhance our understanding of the effects of dietary carbohydrate and protein levels on the growth performance of juvenile S. nudus.
Administration of All-Trans Retinoic Acid to Pregnant Sows Alters Gut Bacterial Community of Neonatal Piglets With Different Hoxa1 Genotypes
Authors: Zhou Haimei , Wu Huadong , Chen Yixin , Zou Wanjie , Lu Wei , He Yuyong
Published: July 2021

Administration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to pregnant sows improves developmental defects of Hoxa1–/– fetal pigs, and this study aimed to explore the influence of maternal ATRA administration during pregnancy on gut microbiota of neonatal piglets. Samples of jejunal and ileal meconium of neonatal piglets before suckling were collected including 5 Hoxa1–/– and 20 non-Hoxa1–/– (Hoxa1+/+ and Hoxa1+/−) neonatal piglets from the control group and 5 Hoxa1–/– and 7 non-Hoxa1–/– neonatal piglets from the experimental group. Results indicated that Hoxa1 mutation shaped the bacterial composition of the jejunum and ileum of neonatal piglets and Hoxa1–/– neonatal piglets had significantly higher diversity and species richness, higher relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, lower relative abundances of phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus, and lower ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes than non-Hoxa1–/– neonatal piglets. After maternal ATRA administration, Hoxa1–/– neonatal piglets had significantly higher diversity and species richness, higher relative abundances of two bacterial phyla (Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria), and lower relative abundances of phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus in the jejunum than non-Hoxa1–/– neonatal piglets. Hoxa1–/– neonatal piglets delivered by sows with maternal ATRA administration had lower diversity and species richness and higher relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes in the jejunum than Hoxa1–/– neonatal piglets born by sows with no maternal ATRA administration. Non-Hoxa1–/– neonatal piglets delivered by sows with maternal ATRA administration had higher diversity and species richness and significantly lower relative abundances of phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and genus Lactobacillus in the ileum than non-Hoxa1–/– neonatal piglets born by sows with no maternal ATRA administration. Hoxa1 mutation decreased the expression of bacterial genes involved in ABC transporters, purine metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and increased the expression of bacterial genes involved in two-component system, starch and sucrose metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. Maternal ATRA administration decreased the expression of bacterial genes involved in arginine and proline metabolism, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Hoxa1 mutation resulted in bacterial dysbiosis of the small intestine of Hoaxa1–/– neonatal piglets, and maternal ATRA administration restored the bacterial dysbiosis of Hoxa1–/– neonatal piglets and altered the bacterial composition of the small intestine of non-Hoxa1–/– neonatal piglets.
RNF213 and GUCY1A3 in Moyamoya Disease: Key Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Vascular Stability
Authors: Mineharu Yohei , Miyamoto Susumu
Published: July 2021

Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic chronically progressive cerebrovascular disease, which causes both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Genetic studies identified RNF213/Mysterin and GUCY1A3 as disease-causing genes. They were also known to be associated with non-moyamoya intracranial large artery disease, coronary artery disease and pulmonary artery hypertension. This review focused on these two molecules and their strong linker, calcineurin/NFAT signaling and caveolin to understand the pathophysiology of moyamoya disease and related vascular diseases. They are important regulators of lipid metabolism especially lipotoxicity, NF-κB mediated inflammation, and nitric oxide-mediated vascular protection. Although intimal thickening with fibrosis and damaged vascular smooth muscle cells are the distinguishing features of moyamoya disease, origin of the fibrous tissue and the mechanism of smooth muscle cell damages remains not fully elucidated. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells have long been a focus of interest, but other vascular components such as immune cells and extracellular matrix also need to be investigated in future studies. Molecular research on moyamoya disease would give us a clue to understand the mechanism preserving vascular stability.
A Simulation Toolkit for Testing the Sensitivity and Accuracy of Corticometry Pipelines
Authors: OmidYeganeh Mona , Khalili-Mahani Najmeh , Bermudez Patrick , Ross Alison , Lepage Claude , Vincent Robert D. , Jeon S. , Lewis Lindsay B. , Das S. , Zijdenbos Alex P. , Rioux Pierre , Adalat Reza , Van Eede Matthijs C. , Evans Alan C.
Published: July 2021

In recent years, the replicability of neuroimaging findings has become an important concern to the research community. Neuroimaging pipelines consist of myriad numerical procedures, which can have a cumulative effect on the accuracy of findings. To address this problem, we propose a method for simulating artificial lesions in the brain in order to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of lesion detection, using different automated corticometry pipelines. We have applied this method to different versions of two widely used neuroimaging pipelines (CIVET and FreeSurfer), in terms of coefficients of variation; sensitivity and specificity of detecting lesions in 4 different regions of interest in the cortex, while introducing variations to the lesion size, the blurring kernel used prior to statistical analyses, and different thickness metrics (in CIVET). These variations are tested in a between-subject design (in two random groups, with and without lesions, using T1-weigted MRIs of 152 individuals from the International Consortium of Brain Mapping (ICBM) dataset) and in a within-subject pre-/post-lesion design [using 21 T1-Weighted MRIs of a single adult individual, scanned in the Infant Brain Imaging Study (IBIS)]. The simulation method is sensitive to partial volume effect and lesion size. Comparisons between pipelines illustrate the ability of this method to uncover differences in sensitivity and specificity of lesion detection. We propose that this method be adopted in the workflow of software development and release.
Functional Dynamics of Deafferented Early Visual Cortex in Glaucoma
Authors: Prabhakaran Gokulraj T. , Al-Nosairy Khaldoon O. , Tempelmann Claus , Wagner Markus , Thieme Hagen , Hoffmann Michael B.
Published: July 2021

In advanced retinitis pigmentosa with retinal lesions, the lesion projection zone (LPZ) in the early visual cortex can be driven during visual tasks, while it remains unresponsive during passive viewing. We tested whether this finding translates to advanced glaucoma, a major cause of acquired blindness. During visual stimulation, 3T fMRI scans were acquired for participants with advanced glaucoma (n = 4; age range: 51–72) and compared to two reference groups, i.e., advanced retinitis pigmentosa (n = 3; age range: 46–78) and age-matched healthy controls with simulated defects (n = 7). The participants viewed grating patterns drifting in 8 directions (12 s) alternating with uniform gray (12 s), either during passive viewing (PV), i.e., central fixation, or during a one-back task (OBT), i.e., reports of succeeding identical motion directions. As another reference, a fixation-dot task condition was included. Only in glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa but not in controls, fMRI-responses in the lesion projection zone (LPZ) of V1 shifted from negative for PV to positive for OBT (p = 0.024 and p = 0.012, respectively). In glaucoma, these effects also reached significance in V3 (p = 0.006), while in V2 there was a non-significant trend (p = 0.069). The general absence of positive responses in the LPZ during PV underscores the lack of early visual cortex bottom-up plasticity for acquired visual field defects in humans. Trends in our exploratory analysis suggesting the task-dependent LPZ responses to be inversely related to visual field loss, indicate the benefit of patient stratification strategies in future studies with greater sample sizes. We conclude that top-down mechanisms associated with task-elicited demands rather than visual cortex remapping appear to shape LPZ responses not only in retinitis pigmentosa, but also in glaucoma. These insights are of critical importance for the development of schemes for treatment and rehabilitation in glaucoma and beyond.