bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of low-field magneto-dielectric response in two-dimensional Co/AlF granular films
Authors: Cao Y. , Kobayashi N. , Zhang Y. W. , Ohnuma S. , Masumoto H.
Published: February 2017

We report enhanced low-field magneto-dielectric (MD) response in two-dimensional (2D) Co/Al fluoride (AlF) granular films, which comprise 2D crystalline Co granules laminated by AlF amorphous layers. We observed an increase in MD sensitivity under a low magnetic field as the Co layer thickness increased. A small magnetic field (H = 1000 Oe) resulted in a large MD ratio, up to Δε′/ε′ = 0.8% in Co (3 nm)/AlF (5 nm) films. The low-field enhancement was determined to be caused by increasing the granule size and pair density and by the balance between the superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic components in the magnetic granular layers. The 2D granular structure opens another avenue for tailoring magneto-electric properties in high-performance MD devices at room temperature.
Synthesis of Cross-Linked Poly(acrylamide) Microspheres by Dispersion Polymerisation in Aqueous Ammonium Sulfate Solution
Authors: He Jie , Aryana Saman , Dong Jie , Guo Feng
Published: February 2017

Cross-linked poly(acrylamide) microspheres, i.e. PAMBA, with mean diameters ranging from 169.7 to 525.2 nm were prepared by dispersion polymerisation of acrylamide in aqueous ammonium sulfate (AS) solution. N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and potassium persulfate (KPS) were selected as the cross-linking agent, stabiliser, and initiator, respectively. The basic conditions for producing PAMBA microspheres, such as the salt concentration and monomer concentration, were optimised based on the precipitation behaviour of the polymer and the state of the product obtained after polymerisation. The optimum AS concentration and monomer concentration were determined as 300 and 88 g L−1, respectively. The effects of parameters, such as SDS concentration, MBA concentration, initiator concentration and temperature, on the product morphology and particle size were investigated by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the optimum conditions for the generation of microspheres are concentrations of 2.2–8.8 g L−1 for SDS, 4–6 g L−1 for MBA, 0.3–1.0 wt-% based on acrylamide for KPS, and the temperature should be kept at 35–45°C. The mean diameter of the microspheres decreases with an increase in SDS concentration and increases with an increase in MBA concentration. The polydispersity of the microspheres increases when SDS concentration exceeds 6.6 g L−1 as well as when MBA concentration increases. The formation mechanism of the products was discussed based on the results.
Distance-dependent gradient in NMDAR-driven spine calcium signals along tapering dendrites
Authors: Walker Alison S. , Neves Guilherme , Grillo Federico , Jackson Rachel E. , Rigby Mark , O’Donnell Cian , Lowe Andrew S. , Vizcay-Barrena Gema , Fleck Roland A. , Burrone Juan
Published: February 2017

Significance

Neurons in the brain extend long dendrites that are packed with small protrusions, or spines, responsible for receiving information from presynaptic axons. Although we know much about the workings of spines, we know little about the large-scale distribution of the properties of these compartments along dendritic trees. Here, we provide a map of the structure and function of spines along dendrites. We find that synapses are not randomly distributed, but show a gradual decrease in size with distance along a dendrite, which is matched by an increase in the amplitude of neurotransmitter-evoked calcium signals. This distance-dependent gradient in calcium signals will have important implications for neuronal integration of synaptic information and for the rules behind the calcium-driven plasticity of spines.
Evidence for environmental and ecological selection in a microbe with no geographic limits to gene flow
Authors: Whittaker Kerry A. , Rynearson Tatiana A.
Published: February 2017

Significance

Marine microbes exhibit enormous genetic diversity and drive global biogeochemical processes. Diatoms are some of the most diverse and ecologically influential marine microbes, generating about 40% of global marine primary production. The physical and ecological processes that maintain diversity in marine microbes are widely debated. Here, using empirical evidence from a diatom species, we show that geographic distance between sites does not correlate with genetic divergence. Instead, environmental and ecological selection likely exert a stronger influence than dispersal on the divergence and connectivity of diatom populations throughout the globe. Understanding mechanisms driving divergence and selection of marine microbial populations has enormous potential for improving predictions of global productivity in response to a rapidly changing marine environment.
Turkish and Turkic complex noun phrase constructions
Authors: Kornfilt Jaklin , Vinokurova Nadezhda
Published: February 2017

We propose an account for two different language types, with data from two Turkic languages. One type (Sakha) allows NMCCs with loose semantic and formal connections between the noun and the clause. The other type (Turkish) does not allow such constructions. In Turkish-type Turkic, the head’s semantic features in NMCCs impose requirements on the morpho-syntax of a complement clause; in RCs, the subjecthood versus non-subjecthood of the target dictates different morphological properties onto the clause’s predicate. The Sakha type languages do not exhibit such constraints, given the clause’s status as an adjunct in both constructions. We further show that not only Turkish-type languages, but also Sakha-type languages obey syntactic island constraints, as adjuncts are more opaque for extractions than complements; hence even this type of language can be sensitive to islands.
Effect of lanthanum on the precipitation of NbC in bcc Fe
Authors: Gao Xueyun , Ren Huiping , Wang Haiyan , Chen Shuming
Published: February 2017

The effect of lanthanum on the precipitation of NbC in bcc Fe has been investigated by the first-principles calculations in combination with the experiments. The interactions of La–C are repulsive in the first-, second- and third-nearest-neighbour configurations, and the binding energies of La with Nb were predicted to be positive, and converge to a weak value. The addition of La decreases the solubility of C (above 763 K) and Nb, and increases the chemical potential of these two solutes, thus promoting the precipitation of NbC in bcc Fe. The experimental results show that the La-contained Nb-bearing steel has a relatively faster precipitation rate of NbC than the La-free steel, during isothermal treatment in ferritic region.
Change in work-family reconciliation policy in France and the UK since 2008: the influence of economic crisis and austerity
Authors: Windebank Jan
Published: February 2017

This article compares work-family reconciliation policy since 2008 in two contrasting case-study countries, namely France and the UK, and investigates how post-2008 economic circumstances and austerity measures have interacted with other policy drivers to influence the extent and shape of change in this policy area in these countries. The article demonstrates that work-family reconciliation policy in both countries has been resilient in the face of economic and budgetary problems and progress has been made albeit from different starting points and in path-dependent ways to “degender” parental leave and to improve the affordability of and access to childcare particularly for those on lower incomes. However, it also reveals that in both countries, despite partisan consensus on the need to further develop policy, a combination of economic constraints and the opposition to reform of key social and political actors has put a brake on change.
Ab initio computational study of reaction mechanism of peptide bond formation on HF/6-31G(d,p) level
Authors: Siahaan P , Lalita M N T , Cahyono B , Laksitorini M D , Hildayani S Z
Published: February 2017

Peptide plays an important role in modulation of various cell functions. Therefore, formation reaction of the peptide is important for chemical reactions. One way to probe the reaction of peptide synthesis is a computational method. The purpose of this research is to determine the reaction mechanism for peptide bond formation on Ac-PV-NH2and Ac-VP-NH2synthesis from amino acid proline and valine by ab initio computational approach. The calculations were carried out by theory and basis set HF/6-31G(d,p) for four mechanisms (path 1 to 4) that proposed in this research. The results show that the highest of the rate determining step between reactant and transition state (TS) for path 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 163.06 kJ.mol-1, 1868 kJ.mol-1, 5685 kJ.mol-1, and 1837 kJ.mol-1. The calculation shows that the most preferred reaction of Ac-PV-NH2and Ac-VP-NH2synthesis from amino acid proline and valine are on the path 1 (initiated with the termination of H+in proline amino acid) that produce Ac-PV-NH2.
Euler reflexion formulas for motivic multiple zeta functions
Authors: Thuong Lê , Duc Nguyen
Published: February 2017

We introduce a new notion of

⧆

\boxast

-product of two integrable series with coefficients in distinct Grothendieck rings of algebraic varieties, preserving the integrability of and commuting with the limit of rational series. In the same context, we define a motivic multiple zeta function with respect to an ordered family of regular functions, which is integrable and connects closely to Denef-Loeser’s motivic zeta functions. We also show that the

⧆

\boxast

-product is associative in the class of motivic multiple zeta functions.

Furthermore, a version of the Euler reflexion formula for motivic zeta functions is nicely formulated to deal with the

⧆

\boxast

-product and motivic multiple zeta functions, and it is proved for both univariate and multivariate cases by using the theory of arc spaces. As an application, taking the limit for the motivic Euler reflexion formula we recover the well-known motivic Thom-Sebastiani theorem.
Mesenchymal stromal cells and autoimmunity
Authors: Pistoia Vito , Raffaghello Lizzia
Published: February 2017

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are committed progenitors of mesodermal origin that are found virtually in every organ and exhibit multilineage differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes. MSCs also mediate a wide spectrum of immunoregulatory activities that usually dampen innate and adaptive immune responses. These features have attracted interest in the perspective of developing novel cell therapies for autoimmune disease. However, depending on the microenvironmental conditions, MSCs may show a plastic behavior and switch to an immunostimulatory phenotype. After thorough characterization of the effects of MSCs on the immune system, MSC cell therapy has been tested in animal models of autoimmunity using different cell sources, protocols of in vitro expansion and routes and schedules of administration. The pre-clinical results have been encouraging in some models [e.g. Crohn’s disease (CD), multiple sclerosis] and heterogeneous in others (e.g. graft-versus-host disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis). Clinical trials have been carried out and many are ongoing. As discussed, the results obtained are too preliminary to draw any conclusion, with the only exception of topical administration of MSCs in CD that has proven efficacious. The mechanism of action of infused MSCs is still under investigation, but the apparent paradox of a therapeutic effect achieved in spite of the very low number of cells reaching the target organ has been solved by the finding that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) closely mimic the therapeutic activity of MSCs in pre-clinical models. These issues are critically discussed in view of the potential clinical use of MSC-derived EVs.
Adding Examples to the ASA-Physical Status Classification Improves Correct Assignment to Patients
Authors: Hurwitz Erin E. , Simon Michelle , Vinta Sandhya R. , Zehm Charles F. , Shabot Sarah M. , Minhajuddin Abu , Abouleish Amr E.
Published: February 2017

Background

Despite its widespread use, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)-Physical Status Classification System has been shown to result in inconsistent assignments among anesthesiologists. The ASA-Physical Status Classification System is also used by nonanesthesia-trained clinicians and others. In 2014, the ASA developed and approved examples to assist clinicians in determining the correct ASA-Physical Status Classification System assignment. The effect of these examples by anesthesia-trained and nonanesthesia-trained clinicians on appropriate ASA-Physical Status Classification System assignment in hypothetical cases was examined.

Methods

Anesthesia-trained and nonanesthesia-trained clinicians were recruited via email to participate in a web-based questionnaire study. The questionnaire consisted of 10 hypothetical cases, for which respondents were first asked to assign ASA-Physical Status using only the ASA-Physical Status Classification System definitions and a second time using the newly ASA-approved examples.

Results

With ASA-approved examples, both anesthesia-trained and nonanesthesia-trained clinicians improved in mean number of correct answers (out of possible 10) compared to ASA-Physical Status Classification System definitions alone (P < 0.001 for all). However, with examples, nonanesthesia-trained clinicians improved more compared to anesthesia-trained clinicians. With definitions only, anesthesia-trained clinicians (5.8 ± 1.6) scored higher than nonanesthesia-trained clinicians (5.4 ± 1.7; P = 0.041). With examples, anesthesia-trained (7.7 ± 1.8) and nonanesthesia-trained (8.0 ± 1.7) groups were not significantly different (P = 0.100).

Conclusions

The addition of examples to the definitions of the ASA-Physical Status Classification System increases the correct assignment of patients by anesthesia-trained and nonanesthesia-trained clinicians.
Practical Guidelines for Evaluating Transfusion Needs
Authors: Naseer Zan A. , Kane Ian W. , Fafalak Marc , Sterling Robert S. , Khanuja Harpal S.
Published: February 2017

It is estimated that ∼24 million units of blood products are administered annually in the United States, with ∼10% of all packed red blood cell transfusions used in orthopedic surgery. Protocols and guidelines for the administration of blood vary widely among orthopedic practices and hospitals. Although transfusions can be lifesaving, their use carries substantial risks, from minor to life-threatening complications. Therefore, transfusions should be considered a last option when dealing with postoperative anemia. Blood conservation and taking steps to avoid postoperative anemia should be goals in orthopedic surgery. Creating a standardized approach to blood management is important to enhance outcomes and decrease transfusions and their attendant risks. This includes correcting preoperative anemia when possible and using techniques to minimize perioperative blood loss. Restrictive transfusion triggers have been shown to decrease the number of transfusions without compromising outcomes. Use of antifibrinolytic agents such as tranexamic acid has also decreased the need for transfusions. This article reviews current transfusion practices, including indications and contraindications, perioperative blood management techniques, transfusion complications, and safe transfusion thresholds for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.
Blood Conservation in Orthopedic Trauma
Authors: Nayar Suresh K. , Shafiq Babar
Published: February 2017

In the setting of acute orthopedic trauma, blood management strategies are reactive rather than anticipatory, and patients may not receive the same options offered in elective surgery. There are several strategies for conserving blood, but it is not feasible for the orthopedic traumatologist to be familiar with the complexities of each method. Instead, practical options and those routinely offered at trauma centers should be considered. Evidence supports tolerable transfusion thresholds of hemoglobin concentrations of 7 and 8 g/dL for patients with and without history of cardiac disease, respectively. Cell salvage reduces the need for transfusions and produces modest cost savings in cases with blood loss exceeding 500 mL. Although researchers are still investigating the efficacy of tranexamic acid in orthopedic trauma, other large randomized controlled trials in the setting of general trauma, as well as in arthroplasty and spine surgery, have shown significant reductions in blood loss without increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Currently, little evidence supports the use of autotransfusion devices and biological adhesives in orthopedic trauma. Erythropoietin aids in blood conservation, but at an unacceptably high cost. Intravenously administered iron may help patients recover from postoperative anemia. There are few large, rigorous studies of blood management in orthopedic trauma; therefore, expert opinion, logical deduction, and practical reasoning are necessary to determine appropriate strategies on a case-by-case basis.
Sustained Resolution of Macular Retinoschisis After Trabeculectomy in a Patient With Progressive Glaucoma
Authors: Woo Rany , Akil Handan , Koulisis Nicole , Olmos de Koo Lisa C. , Tan James C.H.
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical characteristics of a patient with primary open-angle glaucoma in whom macular retinoschisis resolved completely after trabeculectomy consistently lowered intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods:

A single case report.

Results:

We report a case of retinoschisis involving the macula in a patient with primary open-angle glaucoma in the absence of myopic maculopathy, optic nerve anomaly, or x-linked retinoschisis. The patient’s glaucoma was associated with progressive visual field loss in the setting of IOP fluctuations related to posture. A trabeculectomy reduced IOP and posture-related IOP fluctuations with subsequent resolution of macular retinoschisis. In the 1-year postoperative period following trabeculectomy, the patient has remained without retinoschisis and visual fields have been stable.

Conclusions:

Improved IOP control resulting in resolution of retinoschisis may distinguish retinoschisis associated with glaucoma from other forms of retinoschisis.
Decreasing Falls in Acute Care Medical Patients
Authors: Rowan Leslie , Veenema Tener Goodwin
Published: February 2017

Falls in acute care medical patients are a complex problem impacted by the constantly changing risk factors affecting this population. This integrative literature review analyzes current evidence to determine factors that continue to make falls a top patient safety problem within the medical unit microsystem. The goal of this review is to develop an evidence-based structure to guide process improvement and effective use of organization resources.
Predictor of Hand Radiological Progression in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving TNF Antagonist Therapy by Change in Grayscale Synovitis—A Preliminary Study
Authors: Chen Ying-Chou , Su Fu-Mei , Hsu Shih-Wei , Chen Jia-Feng , Cheng Tien-Tsai , Lai Han-Ming , Chiu Wen-Chan
Published: February 2017

Objectives

This prospective study aimed to compare synovial ultrasound scores to conventional measures (DAS28, CRP levels) in predicting radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis under TNF antagonist therapy.

Methods

Patients with RA who received TNF antagonist therapy were enrolled, all of whom underwent clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic assessments with grayscale and power Doppler assessments of bilateral elbows (anterior and posterior recess), wrists (dorsal, palmar, and ulnar aspects), second and third MCP joints (dorsal and palmar recess), and PIP II and III (dorsal and palmar) at baseline and at 1, 3 months. Hand radiographic damage was evaluated using van der Heijde modified Total Sharp Score (TSS) at baseline and 12 months.

Results

Thirty-two patients (384 joints, 832 synovial sites) continued the same treatment regimen for 12 months and completed the study, 41.6% of whom showed radiographic progression during the study period. Baseline DAS28 (P = 0.123), CRP level (P = 0.177), grayscale synovitis (P = 0.092), and power Doppler synovitis (P = 0.120) could not predict radiological damage in the TNF antagonist therapy group. However, ΔTSS was significantly related to changes in grayscale synovitis between baseline and 1 month (P = 0.011), but not at 3 months (P = 0.591), and was not related to changes in the power Doppler score at 1 (P = 0.634) and 3 months (P = 0.298).

Conclusions

Our data confirm that delayed improvement in grayscale synovitis between baseline and 1 month more accurately reflects 1-year radiological damage than conventional measures such as DAS28 score and CRP level. Therefore, we recommend serial ultrasound follow-up of patients with RA receiving TNF antagonist therapy.
Mitochondria-targeted metformins: anti-tumour and redox signalling mechanisms
Authors: Kalyanaraman Balaraman , Cheng Gang , Hardy Micael , Ouari Olivier , Sikora Adam , Zielonka Jacek , Dwinell Michael
Published: February 2017

Reports suggest that metformin exerts anti-cancer effects in diabetic individuals with pancreatic cancer. Thus, metformin is currently being repurposed as a potential drug in cancer treatment. Studies indicate that potent metformin analogues are required in cancer treatment because of the low bioavailability of metformin in humans at conventional antidiabetic doses. We proposed that improved mitochondrial targeting of metformin by attaching a positively charged lipophilic triphenylphosphonium group will result in a new class of mitochondria-targeted metformin analogues with significantly enhanced anti-tumour potential. Using this approach, we synthesized various mitochondria-targeted metformin analogues with different alkyl chain lengths. Results indicate that the antiproliferative effects increased with increasing alkyl chain lengths (100-fold to 1000-fold). The lead compound, mito-metformin
10
, potently inhibited mitochondrial respiration through inhibition of complex I, stimulation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide formation and activation of AMPK. When used in combination with ionizing radiation, mito-metformin
10
acted as a radiosensitizer of pancreatic cancer cells. Because of the 1000-fold-higher potency of mitochondria-targeted metformin
10
, therapeutically effective plasma concentrations likely can be achieved in cancer patients.
Modelling Competition for Nutrients between Microbial Populations Growing on a Solid Agar Surface
Authors: Daniel Boocock , Lawless Conor
Published: February 2017

Motivation

Growth rate is a major component of the evolutionary fitness of microbial organisms and an excellent surrogate for cell health. In the high-throughput procedures QFA and SGA, microbial cultures are inoculated in an array on solid agar, and growth is measured to obtain quantitative fitness estimates. Neighbouring cultures, which are often different genetic strains, consume nutrients at different rates, creating gradients in nutrient density. We believe that diffusion of nutrients between cultures is affecting growth in these experiments. Current analysis does not account for this; instead, it is assumed that cultures grow independently. I use a network model of nutrient diffusion and nutrient-dependent growth, to correct for competition, to try to improve the accuracy and precision of fitness estimates. I test the model against QFA data from studies on telomere function inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Ultimately, the model might be used to improve the reliability of screens for genetic interaction and drug sensitivity.

Results

I fit the competition model to a QFA plate from Addinall et al. (2011). Using far fewer parameters (387 vs 1152), the new model fits timecourses with similar closeness to the previous model. Fitness estimates are less precise for the fastest growing strains, but more precise for the majority of strains (36 out of 50). Fitness rankings agree in the positions of the fastest and slowest growing strains, but disagree in the middle positions. In a cross-plate validation experiment, the competition model overestimates timecourses to a similar degree that the previous model underestimates. A different method of fitting is required to find globally optimal solutions which might improve reliability.

Availability and Implementation

CANS, a Python package developed for the analysis in this paper, is freely available athttps://github.com/lwlss/CANS.
The case against full probability distributions in perceptual decision making
Authors: Rahnev Dobromir
Published: February 2017

How are perceptual decisions made? The answer to this seemingly simple question necessitates that we specify the nature of perceptual representations on which decisions are based. Recent work has taken for granted that the representation at the decision stage consists of a full probability distribution over all possible stimuli. However, to date, no empirical evidence has supported this assumption. Here I present five possible perceptual representation schemes that allow the extraction of different levels of sensory uncertainty. I review the empirical evidence from both continuous and discrete judgments and show that, at present, only the most primitive scheme based on a single point estimate can be rejected. In other words, at least four different representational schemes are consistent with the available data and therefore full probability distributions cannot be assumed. There is an urgent need for empirical research to adjudicate between these theoretical possibilities.
Estimating environmental suitability
Authors: Drake John M. , Richards Robert L.
Published: February 2017

Author statement

JD proposed the model, JD and RR wrote the code and performed the analysis, JD wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors contributed substantially to revisions.

Methods for modeling species, distributions in nature are typically evaluated empirically with respect to data from observations of species occurrence and, occasionally, absence at surveyed locations. Such models are relatively “theory-free”. In contrast, theories for explaining species, distributions draw on concepts likefitness, niche,andenvironmental suitability. This paper proposes that environmental suitability be defined as the conditional probability of occurrence of a species given the state of the environment at a location. Any quantity that is proportional to this probability is a measure of relative suitability and the support of this probability is the niche. This formulation suggests new methods for presence-background modeling of species distributions that unify statistical methodology with the conceptual framework of niche theory. One method, the plug-and-play approach, is introduced for the first time. Variations on the plug-and-play approach were studied with respect to their numerical performance on 106 species from an exhaustively sampled presence/absence survey of vegetation in the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland. Additionally, we looked at the robustness of these methods to the presence of irrelevant information and sample size. Although irrelevant variables eroded the predictive performance of all methods, these methods were found to be both numerically and statistically robust.
Genome surgery using Cas9 ribonucleoproteins for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Kim Kyoungmi , Park Sung Wook , Kim Jin Hyoung , Lee Seung Hwan , Kim Daesik , Koo Taeyoung , Kim Kwang-eun , Kim Jeong Hun , Kim Jin-Soo
Published: February 2017

RNA-guided genome surgery using CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases has shown promise for the treatment of diverse genetic diseases. Yet, the potential of such nucleases for therapeutic applications in nongenetic diseases is largely unexplored. Here, we focus on age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in adults, which is associated with retinal overexpression of, rather than mutations in, the VEGFA gene. Subretinal injection of preassembled, Vegfa gene–specific Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into the adult mouse eye gave rise to mutagenesis at the target site in the retinal pigment epithelium. Furthermore, Cas9 RNPs effectively reduced the area of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a mouse model of AMD. Genome-wide profiling of Cas9 off-target effects via Digenome-seq showed that off-target mutations were rarely induced in the human genome. Because Cas9 RNPs can function immediately after in vivo delivery and are rapidly degraded by endogenous proteases, their activities are unlikely to be hampered by antibody- and cell-mediated adaptive immune systems. Our results demonstrate that in vivo genome editing with Cas9 RNPs has the potential for the local treatment for nongenetic degenerative diseases, expanding the scope of RNA-guided genome surgery to a new dimension.
Scanning X-ray nanodiffraction from ferroelectric domains in strained K0.75Na0.25NbO3 epitaxial films grown on (110) TbScO3
Authors: Schmidbauer Martin , Hanke Michael , Kwasniewski Albert , Braun Dorothee , von Helden Leonard , Feldt Christoph , Leake Steven John , Schwarzkopf Jutta
Published: February 2017

Scanning X-ray nanodiffraction on a highly periodic ferroelectric domain pattern of a strained K0.75Na0.25NbO3 epitaxial layer has been performed by using a focused X-ray beam of about 100 nm probe size. A 90°-rotated domain variant which is aligned along [1{\overline 1}2]TSO has been found in addition to the predominant domain variant where the domains are aligned along the [{\overline 1}12]TSO direction of the underlying (110) TbScO3 (TSO) orthorhombic substrate. Owing to the larger elastic strain energy density, the 90°-rotated domains appear with significantly reduced probability. Furthermore, the 90°-rotated variant shows a larger vertical lattice spacing than the 0°-rotated domain variant. Calculations based on linear elasticity theory substantiate that this difference is caused by the elastic anisotropy of the K0.75Na0.25NbO3 epitaxial layer.
The only constant is change
Authors: McRostie Donna
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to look at the journey and approach to responding to the needs of researchers in an academic library.

Design/methodology/approach

Research practice continues to evolve, technology is advancing at a rapid pace and the volume of research data produce is unprecedented in human history. To add complexity to the equation legislative requirements are being introduce to make data and research output available in open ways to be accountable for public funding.

Findings

It is within this context the academic library is well positioned with its foundation as a keeper and curator of knowledge to support and add value to the research endeavor. While many of the traditional roles in the library are still relevant it is clear that new skills and capability are required to be responsive (and proactive) to the needs of institutional researchers. At the University of Melbourne the authors have has looked closely at what value we can bring to the research endeavor in a meaningful and sustainable manner. The library has established the Research Information Management group to consolidate and expand the University Library’s capability and capacity to deliver cohesive and visible research support services.

Originality/value

Provides an example of an approach to respond to the needs of the academic community in an environment of data deluge by building new services, skills and capability.
Complaint-handling as antecedent of customer engagement: do consumer characteristics matter?
Authors: Cambra-Fierro Jesus , Melero-Polo Iguacel
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the degree of customer engagement resulting from complaint-handling processes. The authors will also analyze the extent to which consumer demographics play a moderating role in this context.

Design/methodology/approach

To this end, the study analyzes the Spanish mobile phone sector based on a survey of individuals who filed a complaint and were provided with a solution by their mobile carrier. Data analysis was carried out using SmartPLS structural equation software.

Findings

The findings indicate that effective complaint-handling processes result in engaged customers. Moreover, socio-demographic variables such as age and gender do not have a significant impact on post-complaint-handling satisfaction or on customer engagement levels.

Research limitations/implications

This study has focused on only one industry – the mobile phone sector – which in Spain exhibits particular characteristics.

Practical implications

Firms which effectively employ complaint-handling strategies when service failures occur can count on an increase in customer engagement which, theoretically, will boost company value and have a positive impact on business performance.

Originality/value

The small body of research in this area assumes initial customer satisfaction. No evidence was found of the existing literature assessing customer engagement in dissatisfied customer contexts.
Moderation-mediation effect of market demand and organization culture on innovation and performance relationship
Authors: Anning-Dorson Thomas
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of market demand on innovation-firm performance relationship in service firms. The paper further analyzes the extent to which market demand influences the effect of product innovation on firm performance and how such effect could be managed by a specific type of cultural orientation that is critical to strategic management.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from different service sub-sectors of an emerging economy with a fast-growing services sector. Causal modeling methods through different model comparisons are used in analyzing the relationship between innovation and service firm performance and environmental mediating and moderating effects.

Findings

The findings suggest that though product innovation has a positive effect on firm performance, high market demand dampens and negate this effect. However, a service firm’s ability to build an innovative culture, that supports strategy implementation, assuages this negative effect and restores the positive relationship between product innovation and firm performance, even in the face of environmental coercion.

Originality/value

This paper shows that market demand will dampen the effect of product innovation on performance and as such must be managed in a way that mitigates this negative effect. The building of an organizational culture that is innovative is therefore recommended to mitigate this negative effect to render product innovation still relevant even in periods where market conditions prevent favorable performance effects.
Slice data representation and format for multi-material objects for additive manufacturing processes
Authors: Zhang Zhengyan , Joshi Sanjay
Published: February 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to develop a slice-based representation of geometry and material information of a multi-material object to be produced by additive manufacturing. Representation of complex heterogeneous material allowing for the additive manufacturing-based build of a wide range of objects that are limited only by the constraints of the manufacturing process.

Design/methodology/approach

Initial 3D CAD models are created with multiple and functionally graded materials using an assembly model to create a single part with well-defined material regions. These models are then sliced to create the geometry and material boundaries required for each layer to enable layer-by-layer fabrication.

Findings

A representation schema is proposed to add multi-material attributes to a sliced file for additive manufacturing using the combination of material index and material geometry region. A modified common layer interface data format is proposed to allow for representation of a wide range of homogeneous and heterogeneous material for each slice. This format allows for a generic input for tool paths to be generated for each material of the layer.

Originality/value

The proposed approach allows for slice data representation for any material combination that can be defined mathematically. Three different material types, namely, composite material, functionally graded materials and combination thereof, are provided as examples. These data form the input data for subsequent tool path planning.
Smooth geometry generation in additive manufacturing file format: problem study and new formulation
Authors: Yu Kai-Ming , Wang Yu , Wang Charlie C.L.
Published: February 2017

Purpose

In the newly released ASTM standard specification for additive manufacturing file (AMF) format – version 1.1 – Hermite curve-based interpolation is used to refine input triangles to generate denser mesh with smoother geometry. This paper aims to study the problems of constructing smooth geometry based on Hermite interpolation on curves and proposes a solution to overcome these problems.

Design/methodology/approach

A formulation using triangular Bézier patch is proposed to generate smooth geometry from input polygonal models. Different configurations on the boundary curves in the formulation are analyzed to further enrich this formulation.

Findings

The study shows that the formulation given in the AMF format (version 1.1) can lead to the problems of inconsistent normals and undefined end-tangents.

Research limitations/implications

The scheme has requirements on the input normals of a model, only C0 interpolation can be generated on those cases with less-proper input.

Originality/value

To overcome the problems of smooth geometry generation in the AMF format, the authors propose an enriched scheme for computing smooth geometry by using triangular Bézier patch. For the configurations with less-proper input, the authors adopt the Boolean sum and the Nielson’s point-opposite edge interpolation for triangular Coons patch to generate the smooth geometry as a C0 interpolant.
Combining human acceptance and habitat suitability in a unified socio‐ecological suitability model: a case study of the wolf in Switzerland
Authors: Behr Dominik M. , Ozgul Arpat , Cozzi Gabriele
Published: February 2017

Habitat suitability models (HSMs) are commonly used in conservation practise to assess the potential of an area to be occupied and colonised. A major limitation of these models, however, is the omission of spatially explicit understanding of human acceptance towards the focal species. As wildlife is more and more subject to human‐dominated landscapes, ignoring the sociological component will result in misrepresentation of the observed processes and inappropriate management.

We distributed 10 000 questionnaires across Switzerland and identified key socio‐demographical factors correlated with human acceptance of the wolf. We then created a spatially explicit acceptance model based on geo‐referenced socio‐demographical, social and geographical information. Finally, we combined our acceptance model with a HSM to obtain a unified socio‐ecological suitability model, which included human and ecological components.

We showed that the key factors associated with human acceptance were perception of how harmful the wolf is, interest in wolf‐related issues, need for livestock protection, and fear of the wolf. Perceived harmfulness was in turn correlated with direct and indirect experience with the wolf, and level of education.

Our acceptance map predicted decreasing acceptance with increasing altitude of residency and proximity to locations of confirmed wolf presence. This resulted in the overall opposition to the wolf for the Alpine region, albeit substantial regional differences.

We found little spatial overlap (6% of Switzerland) between areas where the wolf was accepted and areas of suitable habitat. These areas of socio‐ecological suitability were concentrated in the Jura Mountains and in the eastern and southern Alps, and were absent in the western and central Alps. Particularly in the Jura region, which is yet to be colonised, management of human acceptance will be a crucial conservation target.

Synthesis and applications. We developed an integrative, socio‐ecological approach that allowed us to accurately reproduce recent wolf recolonisation. We anticipate our framework to be a powerful tool to reliably evaluate overall suitable habitats and predict short to medium‐term range expansion for species whose distribution is also dependent on human attitudes. Because our approach is sensitive to both the ecological and human component, it is ideally suited to identify key regions where proactive and targeted socio‐ecological management plans are needed.
Technological use of donkey milk in cheesemaking
Authors: Niro Serena , Fratianni Alessandra , Colavita Giampaolo , Galassi Laura , Zanazzi Marco , Salimei Elisabetta
Published: February 2017

The efficacy of donkey milk as an alternative to hen's egg white lysozyme in preventing cheese blowing during ripening of Italian Grana cheeses was tested. Indices of proteolysis and lipolysis did not differ between the different cheesemaking processes. All tested products showed good microbiological and sensorial quality.
Mass production of Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a biological control agent of a Korean population of potato leaf miner Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Authors: Maharjan Rameswor , Kwon Min , Kim JuIl , Jung Chuleui
Published: February 2017

The potato leaf miner, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), is an important pest of potato throughout the world, including Korea. A method was developed for mass rearing the parasitoid Diglyphus isaea (Walker) using faba bean, Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae), as the host‐plant and L. huidobrensis as the insect host. Faba bean plants were planted in pots and maintained in a greenhouse for about 15 d. Pots were then exposed to adult leaf miners in oviposition cages for 4 h. Plants containing late second to early third instar larvae were exposed to adult D. isaea in parasitoid cages for 24 h. The leaf area per pot after 15 d was 597.9 cm2, which produced 103.33 larvae per pot. The number of adult parasitoids emerging per pot was 72.5; about 41% of these were female. The daily cost of parasitoid production was USD20.95 per 1000 individual parasitoids. The methodology developed for D. isaea could be used to rear other ectoparasitoids such as Hemiptarsenus spp. and Pnigalio sp. with different insect hosts like L. trifolii. This is why this mass‐rearing information is important for securing test insect materials for ecological and biological study of Liriomyza species, and also for developing a biological control for Liriomyza species other than L. huidobrensis by mass production of associated natural enemies. We are facing rapid agro‐ecosystem changes including pest systems. Continuous monitoring of Liriomyza in solanaceous crops is needed.
DNA amplification in the field: move over PCR, here comes LAMP
Authors: Lee Patricia L. M.
Published: February 2017

It would not be an exaggeration to say that among molecular technologies, it is PCR (polymerase chain reaction) that underpins the discipline of molecular ecology as we know it today. With PCR, it has been possible to target the amplification of particular fragments of DNA, which can then be analysed in a multitude of ways. The capability of PCR to amplify DNA from a mere handful of copies further means that conservationists and ecologists are able to sample DNA unobtrusively and with minimal disturbance to the environment and the organisms of interest. However, a key disadvantage of PCR‐based methods has been the necessity for a generally non‐portable, laboratory setting to undertake the time‐consuming thermocycling protocols. LAMP (loop‐mediated isothermal amplification) offers a logistically simpler protocol: a relatively rapid DNA amplification reaction occurs at one temperature, and the products are visualized with a colour change within the reaction tubes. In the first field application of LAMP for an ecological study, Centeno‐Cuadros et al. () demonstrates how LAMP can be used to determine the sex of three raptor species. By enabling DNA amplification in situ and in ‘real‐time’, LAMP promises to revolutionize how molecular ecology is practised in the field.
Burden of rheumatoid arthritis from a societal perspective: A prevalence‐based study on cost of this illness for patients in China
Authors: Hu Hao , Luan Luan , Yang Keqin , Li Shu‐Chuen
Published: February 2017

Aim

To provide a comprehensive estimation of the economic burden of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China, especially for patients from less developed areas, and to explore the cost transferability between regions to assist healthcare decision‐making.

Methods

The study was conducted in south and north China from May 2013 to December 2013. The burden of RA was investigated by interviewing participants with a questionnaire battery containing socio‐demographic, cost of illness (COI) and medical treatments. The COI questionnaire captured direct, indirect and intangible costs. Direct costs included hospitalizations, outpatient visits and medications. Indirect costs were estimated using the human capital approach, and intangible costs valued through the willingness‐to‐pay approach. All cost data were converted to 2013 US dollars by purchasing power parity, and then summarized descriptively and analyzed with mixed models.

Results

Questionnaires were administered to 133 RA patients. The average direct costs were $1917.21 ± $2559.06 per patient year, with medications at $1283.89 ± $1898.15 comprising more than 50% of the total. The average indirect costs were $492.88 ± $1739.74 per patient year, while intangible costs were $20396.30 ± $31145.10. There was no significant difference detected between regions. Recent hospitalization was tested as a significant predictor of the direct costs. Age and income were significantly associated with indirect and intangible costs.

Conclusions

Besides the substantial burden in terms of direct medical costs and productivity lost, there were notable intangible costs, especially among older patients. This conclusion could be potentially expanded to other provinces in China or even other countries through the adjustments for transferability.
Volatile Capital Flows and Macroeconomic Performance in Indonesia: An SVAR Analysis
Authors: Jayasuriya Sisira , Leu Shawn
Published: February 2017

We estimate a small open economy structural vector autoregressive model for Indonesia that takes into account its susceptibility to significant cross‐border capital and financial flows. In anticipation of a recovering U.S. economy accompanied by monetary policy normalisation, global push factors are important drivers of capital flows and domestic economic performance for Indonesia. In the post‐1997 period, exchange rate stabilisation remains a key element of monetary policy formulation with the aim of anchoring investor confidence and maintaining inflation stability. Counterfactual simulations show that volatility in inflation and exchange rate increases when endogenous monetary policy responses are switched off.
Diffuse scarring alopecia in a female pattern hair loss distribution
Authors: Fergie Bonnie , Khaira Gurpreet , Howard Vicki , de Zwaan Sally
Published: February 2017

We describe three cases of hair loss in a female pattern hair loss (FPHL) distribution with histologic features of lichen planopilaris (LPP). All patients had a history of diffuse, gradual hair loss in a Christmas tree pattern that clinically presented as FPHL on gross and dermoscopic examination. Notably, there were no characteristic clinical signs of LPP and no histologic features of FPHL. These cases are most consistent with cicatricial pattern hair loss (CPHL). This relatively new entity is similar to fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution (FAPD) in that they are both scarring alopecias confined to a FPHL distribution, but CPHL lacks the clinical signs of perifollicular erythema and perifollicular keratosis seen in FAPD. These three cases may present an early, subtle form of CPHL and will be of interest to clinicians and histopathologists alike.