bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of telerehabilitation in patients after total knee replacement: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tsang Mei Po , Man Gene Chi Wai , Xin He , Chong Yau Chun , Ong Michael Tim-Yun , Yung Patrick Shu-Hang
Published: May 2022

Background

Total knee replacement is a commonly adopted surgical intervention to reduce physical limitations and pain in advanced-stage knee osteoarthritis. However, these patients may experience physical dysfunction to limit their access during conventional rehabilitation after total knee replacement. The use of telemedicine may be the promising solution. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of telerehabilitation with conventional in-person rehabilitation in patients who underwent a total knee replacement.

Methods

For this systematic review on randomized controlled trials, PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and CINAHL databases were searched for eligible articles published between 1 January 2003 and 28 February 2022. The eligibility criteria were patients who underwent total knee replacement, randomized controlled trials and publications in English. The main outcome measures were focused on pain and physical function. Reference lists of relevant studies were also manually checked to find additional studies. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection separately. PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included randomized controlled trials. A meta-analysis was performed on the collected data. Review Manager (RevMan, version 5.3) was used for all analyses.

Results

A total of 11 studies met the eligibility criteria and included 1825 participants in the systematic review. Overall, the results revealed that the effectiveness of telerehabilitation is comparable to conventional in-person rehabilitation in improving various pain and functional outcomes in patients who underwent a total knee replacement. In the meta-analysis with the fixed-effects model, no significant difference was found in the improvement of pain and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis compared with conventional rehabilitation (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)  –0.15, 95% CI  −0.47 to 0.16, P = 0.34 and SMD –0.04, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.12, P = 0.62, respectively). In addition, the utilization of hospital resources and costs were significantly lower in telerehabilitation when compared with in-person rehabilitation.

Conclusion

Telerehabilitation was comparable to conventional in-person rehabilitation in improving clinical outcomes following total knee replacement. However, it might be a more preferable alternative rehabilitation intervention for patients following total knee replacement given the significantly lower cost of telerehabilitation.
Black (patients’) lives matter: Exploring the role of identity-safety cues in healthcare settings among Black Americans
Authors: Derricks Veronica , Johnson India R , Pietri Evava S
Published: May 2022

Two online experiments investigated whether hypothetical physicians’ use of an identity-safety cue acknowledging systemic injustice (a Black Lives Matter pin) improves Black Americans’ evaluations of the physician and feelings of identity-safety. Across studies, findings showed that when a White physician employed the identity-safety cue, Black Americans reported stronger perceptions of physician allyship and increased identity-safety (e.g. trust). As predicted, use of the identity-safety cue produced smaller or non-significant effects when employed by a Black physician. These benefits emerged regardless of physicians’ perceived motivation for employing the cue (e.g. whether the physician was personally motivated to employ the cue or his medical practice encouraged use of the cue; Study 2). Furthermore, analyses revealed that exposure to the identity-safety cue promoted a greater sense of identity-safety for Black Americans due to increased perceptions that the physician is an ally for Black individuals. Implications of identity-safety cues for racially discordant medical interactions are discussed.
Understanding lifetime and dispersion of cough-emitted droplets in air
Authors: Lordly Kai , Kober Leya , Jadidi Mehdi , Antoun Sylvie , Dworkin Seth B , Karataş Ahmet E
Published: May 2022

To understand the exact transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 and to explore effects of time, space and indoor environment on the dynamics of droplets and aerosols, rigorous testing and observation must be conducted. In the current work, the spatial and temporal dispersions of aerosol droplets from a simulated cough were comprehensively examined over a long duration (70 min). An artificial cough generator was constructed to generate reliably repeatable respiratory ejecta. The measurements were performed at different locations in front (along the axial direction and off-axis) and behind the source in a sealed experimental enclosure. Aerosols of 0.3–10 µm (around 20% of the maximum nuclei count) were shown to persist for a very long time in a still environment, and this has a substantial implication for airborne disease transmission. The experiments demonstrated that a ventilation system could reduce the total aerosol volume and the droplet lifetime significantly. To explain the experimental observations in more detail and to understand the droplet in-air behaviour at various ambient temperatures and relative humidity, numerical simulations were performed using the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The simulations show that many of the small droplets remain suspended in the air over time instead of falling to the ground.
Ink in their veins? Distorting archetypes, family newspapers, and the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
Authors: Sybert Jeanna
Published: May 2022

As newspapers decline across the United States, corporate takeovers of private, family-owned publications have become a familiar symbol of an industry in turmoil. Though arguably beneficial to journalism, the family newspaper as an archetype has frequently been used to perpetuate certain journalistic myths. This includes myths about commercial journalism’s ability to meaningfully prioritize public interest. To understand the ways the family newspaper archetype functions in public discourse, this study examines a moment of upheaval, in which the cultural construct is both upheld and contested. Focusing on a tumultuous period at a metropolitan newspaper, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, the analysis finds that the archetype’s proximity to an imagined past influences its rhetorical force and appeal. At its best, the archetype entrenches romanticized versions of journalism’s past thereby obstructing visions of alternative futures. With local journalism in crisis and media consolidation ever-rising, attention to ownership myths sheds light on the stories that ultimately sustain a journalism for the few instead of the collective.
Book review: Lister, R. 2021: Poverty
Authors: Arko Benedict
Published: May 2022

Lister, R. 2021: Poverty (2nd Ed.) Cambridge: Polity Press. 256pp., $26.95. ISBN: 978-0-745-64597-1 (paperback)
Romance and resilience: The assets and ambition of Scottish ‘remote rural’ enterprise contexts
Authors: Burnett Kathryn A. , Danson Mike
Published: May 2022

Assets and enterprise ambitions of rural and island communities are dependent on their context at the margins, “on the edge” where they face greater challenges. Such communities are sites imbued with narratives of place as ‘Romance’ and of people as ‘Resilience’. The sustained, resilient, and emerging enterprise and innovation activity within their commons are indicative of deeper aspects of the contextual foundations of enterprise in social and cultural narratives and the materiality and lived experience of community itself. Case studies exemplify the necessary adaptability of the often ‘romanticised’ geography, environment, and historical economies by the small yet resilient entrepreneurial communities of Scotland's remote rural places, revealing how romance and resilience are experienced by entrepreneurs and their markets. Community empowerment through land reform and animateurs applying forms of social capital are key in the overall framing of entrepreneurial ambition contexts. The narratives of enterprise in these remote rural historical places yet culturally defined spaces speak to a realignment of periphery, the margin, or edge as enterprise arenas of the commons: embedded social foundations of place and people, their expanding ambitions for community assets and the commons. They promise a generative, international and entrepreneurial ‘growth mindset’ of social, economic and symbolic capital ambitions.
A taxonomy of rural micro-enterprises: Disembedded or bedrock of the community
Authors: Wilson Karen , Harrington Shelley , Kevill Alex
Published: May 2022

This paper develops a taxonomy of rural micro-enterprises based on their level of embeddedness in the rural. Drawing upon 19 in-depth narrative interviews we identify the classifications of ‘bedrock’, ‘anchored’, ‘disembedded’ and ‘perfunctory’ enterprises. This offers a new categorisation of rural micro-enterprises and challenges the notion that all rural micro-enterprises add value to the rural economy. Indeed, ‘disembedded’ rural micro-enterprises may have parasitical tendencies and be negative contributors to rural economic sustainability due to the actions and choices made by their owner-manager(s). Through the creation of an empirically and conceptually grounded taxonomy we reveal a number of important attributes which develop understanding of the nature of rural micro-enterprises and highlight the varied activities of such businesses. The implications of the taxonomy are discussed, and important policy implications are identified.
An analysis of the resonance attenuation in a combustion chamber
Authors: Pla Benjamín , Bares Pau , Jiménez Irina , Guardiola Carlos , Denia Francisco D
Published: May 2022

Resonance in internal combustion engines could represent a limiting factor in spark ignited engines, while constitutes a noise source in compression ignition configurations. The total resonance intensity is a combination between the noise source, for example, type of combustion, and the characteristics of the propagation medium, such as the combustion chamber geometry and the composition of the gases. In this work the in-cylinder resonance attenuation in internal combustion engines during the end of combustion is analyzed and modeled in detail. An approach is proposed to reproduce resonance attenuation evolution over a particular cycle. The method is validated using three different engines with different combustion characteristics. The model is able to predict the effect of the engine size, and it can also be implemented in real time to obtain the optimal window for trapped mass estimation by means of the resonance method.
Agency in a first-grade writing workshop: A case study of two composers
Authors: Rylak Danielle , Moses Lindsey , Torrejón Capurro Carolina , Serafini Frank
Published: May 2022

There is a need to better understand the agentic choices that students make to communicate meaning through their multimodal compositions. Utilizing a case study approach, this article examines the composing of two first-grade students and discusses how these students utilized multimodal composing techniques from structured writing units during an “open unit” where students were given wider parameters for making intentional decisions with their compositions. Analysis of students’ compositions revealed that students chose to use and design composing techniques from the previous focal units in their compositions. Findings suggest that focal writing units, followed by open composing, allows students to have more agency as writers to make creative intertextual connections as they design techniques from available designs they’ve learned in order to serve their own compositional needs.
Cultural stratification in the UK: Persistent gender and class differences in cultural voraciousness
Authors: Katz-Gerro Tally , Sullivan Oriel
Published: May 2022

This paper adds to the literature on cultural stratification by revisiting cultural voraciousness, nearly two decades after it was first introduced as a measure of cultural participation designed to capture inequalities in the pace and variety of cultural activities. Specifically, using the UK 2014–15 Time Use Survey, we compare measures of cultural voraciousness in the UK in 1998 and 2015, focussing in particular on the way cultural voraciousness is associated with both gender and class. We find continuity over time in the patterns of relationship between cultural voraciousness, gender and class, which are not explained by income or hours worked. While women at the bottom of the class scale are still the most disadvantaged in terms of unequal access to cultural participation, high level managerial women now equal equivalent men in their voracious cultural participation. We conclude that not only is cultural voraciousness still useful in depicting cultural inequalities delineated by gender and class, and not only do gender and class gaps in cultural voraciousness persist over time, but also that there is evidence for accentuated class inequality over time in cultural voraciousness among men and among women.
Refining active learning design principles through design-based research
Authors: Reilly Christiane , Reeves Thomas C
Published: May 2022

This design-based research (DBR) study had both local and general goals. Its local goal was to increase active learning in the online courses offered at a large research university in the midwestern United States. Its larger goal was to define active learning design principles for online courses in general, so that they might be used to improve the learning experience for wider audiences. While the principles of active learning can be applied to courses in any mode of delivery: flipped classroom, blended, or fully online, the importance of active learning in online courses is highlighted because active learning course design requires numerous upfront considerations. Moreover, because the pedagogical model is structured throughout the online learning environment and thus is made visible, online courses present a unique opportunity to review what is core to the principles of active learning. The design intervention (an innovative course review method) incorporated the principles of authentic e-learning. The study addressed two major research questions: (1) “To what extent does the intervention—a new course review method—indicate the extent to which active learning is present in the design of an online course?” and (2) “How do the principles of authentic e-learning incorporated in the new course review method need to be refined?” To address the first question, the online course review intervention was used to evaluate the learning activities and assessments of 75 undergraduate online courses against these authentic e-learning principles, resulting in an active learning (AL) score for each course. To address the second question, we surveyed the learners in these 75 courses about what made learning meaningful and coded the learners’ feedback in reference to the active learning design principles. The practical outcome of this DBR study is a pedagogical course review that quantifies active learning in online courses. The theoretical outcomes of this DBR study are refined active learning design principles that can serve instructors, designers, teacher educators, and administrators in enhancing the design of online courses. The findings of this study affirm that the authentic task principles as well as newly identified learner-centered design principles together can serve as evidence-based principles to define and refine active learning in online courses.
Bleak signs of our times: Descent into ‘Terminal Marketing’
Authors: Ahlberg Oscar , Coffin Jack , Hietanen Joel
Published: May 2022

Marketing theory has twisted and turned with the introduction of many theoretical innovations. Yet, despite being influenced by various critical perspectives, the general marketing discourse remains remarkably optimistic about contemporary consumer culture, its capability to produce meaning and individuality, and its potential to overcome the existential threats of the 21st century, or at least its capacity to be transformed for the better. This paper discerns a countervailing current within critical marketing thought; a smattering of scholars that resist the therapeutic urge to tell that all will be well, producing a proliferation of papers that are deeply pessimistic about conventional marketing concepts like meaningful experience, agency, and the sovereignty of the consumer ‘self’. Against the current of convention, this research seeks to address an increasing zeitgeist of bleak cultural aporia, an atmosphere of apolitical apathy where the future has increasingly been ‘cancelled’ and all that remains is a carnivalesque consumer culture that has resigned itself to extinction, even if on the semiotic surface it is increasingly ethical and ecological. The present paper catalogues this development and draws together some of its tendencies. Chief amongst these is the tendency to see the consumer as a desiring intensity immersed in vast networks of techno-capitalism and thus reduces the idea of the agentic and individualistically creative consumer into a myth at best. We propose the term Terminal Marketing to describe this pessimistic theoretical attitude, but we consider its mood as potentially producing more critical interventions than the generally critical-yet-optimistic tone of interpretive marketing.
The interplay between customers’ incidental and integral affects in value experience
Authors: Sandberg Birgitta , Hurmerinta Leila , Leino Henna M
Published: May 2022

Current understandings of emotional value focus on integral affects that are directly related to present judgements and choices. This neglects recent research on the complexity of affect and dismisses affects triggered by situations, events, or persons encountered in daily life outside of the decision-making situation or process; that is, incidental affects. In this article, we analyse the interplay between customers’ incidental and integral affects in value experience during life transitions. Based on the qualitative data collected on real-estate services, we unveil the internal dynamics of affective value by showing the intrapersonal and interpersonal forms of interplay (spillover, ambivalence, divergence and convergence) between integral and incidental affects. This advances knowledge on the composition and dynamics of the concept of affective value and on the affective value experience in life transitions.
The criterion problem in cross-cultural performance research
Authors: Kell Harrison J
Published: May 2022

The criterion problem is a serious conceptual and methodological challenge that has confronted investigators and managers in the organizational sciences for over 100 years. This paper is an introduction to the criterion problem and some of the complex, multifaceted issues it encompasses. It defines and discusses important concepts (e.g. the problem itself, conceptual criteria, operational criteria). It explores broad dilemmas that afflict all types of criteria and narrower dilemmas that are more individually relevant to criteria traditionally considered objective or subjective. It concludes by examining prospects for the criterion problem both in general and within cross-cultural management.
Strike-out Appeals, Unjust Enrichment, and Discoverability: Insights from Kenya
Authors: Beswick Samuel
Published: May 2022

This note analyses a judgment of the Kenyan Court of Appeal that implicates issues that have been on the move in private law jurisprudence around the common law world. These issues are: (1) the interlocutory/final ruling distinction that appellate courts in Australia, Canada, Ghana, India, New Zealand, and elsewhere continue to grapple with; (2) when courts can reframe pleadings for breach of contract as claims in unjust enrichment, an issue recently considered by the Privy Council (2020); (3) the essentiality of ‘mistake’ for the purposes of benefitting from an extended limitation period – the subject of continued contention among unjust enrichment scholars; and (4) when mistakes are reasonably discoverable for limitation purposes, which has been the subject of major litigation before the United Kingdom Supreme Court (2020) and the Supreme Court of Canada (2021). The resolution of these issues in Alba Petroleum Ltd v Total Marketing Kenya Ltd could have been usefully informed by – and can inform – comparative common law jurisprudence.
Resilient sliding mode control of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles under stochastic DoS attack
Authors: Ye Zehua , Xu Ying , Dong Jia-Hao , Chen Juntong , Zhang Dan
Published: May 2022

This paper is concerned with the security sliding mode-based leader-following control of multiple autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles (AUVs) system subject to stochastic DoS attacks. Firstly, a Bernoulli variable is used to describe the phenomenon of stochastic DoS attacks between controllers and actuators, and the attack probability is known for controller design. Secondly, the closed-loop system is established by taking the integral sliding mode control scheme and stochastic DoS attacks into account. Then, the conditions of stochastic stability for system are given by using the stochastic systems analysis method and the model decomposition technique. In the simulation part, a group of AUVs models is used to verify the validity of the proposed state consensus control scheme. The simulation example shows that all the state can achieve consensus even in presence of randomly launched DoS attack.
A systematic literature review and future insights on maritime and offshore human reliability analysis
Authors: Kandemir Cagatay , Celik Metin
Published: May 2022

This paper conducts a systematic literature review through human reliability studies in maritime and offshore industries particularly. The review deeply focussed on the number of 219 featured studies. Among them, 25 special papers were reviewed in detail to have a closer insight into the maritime offshore domain. The proposed maritime HRA concepts and methodologies in the past studies have been inspected and presented with various statistical data. Clustering the existing progress in the literature and industry levels, the effects of emerging industrial developments on human reliability investigations are extensively discussed. Considering the future maritime initiatives (i.e. MASS Code, SDGs, Maritime & Offshore Digitalisation, SkillsFuture, etc.), the paper introduced a new R&D concept entitled Maritime & Offshore Human Reliability Research 2.0 (MOHR 2.0). The MOHR 2.0 is clarified the new contributing dimensions to redefine the tasks and operating environment to conduct next-generation human reliability analysis. Particularly, an application protocol is provided to extend the studies towards offshore operations. Consequently, this study contributes to understanding the potential of existing human reliability studies in maritime and offshore operations while further insights, opportunities, and challenges are highlighted.
Reducing corporate influence on university research in America
Authors: Morgan Hani
Published: May 2022

The reduction in funding that many American universities are experiencing has led to concerns that these institutions will rely more on corporations to provide funding for research. Unfortunately, industry-funded research can have a corrupting effect on science. Since universities are generally thought of as institutions that advance science, some of their representatives have an interest in reducing the misleading research funded by corporations. In this paper, I include a vignette that shows how the quantitative research that many corporations fund can lead to deceptive results. I also provide examples of cases involving harmful practices that occurred at universities. Finally, I offer strategies that would likely reduce the misleading research funded by corporations.
Special Issue: Women of Color and Leadership Journal: Advances in Developing Human Resources Expanding Our Voices? A Review of Human Resource Development Literature on Women of Color Leaders Over the Last Decade
Authors: Sims Dr. Cynthia
Published: May 2022

Problem

In 2009, a collective of African American (Black) women challenged race-neutral and gendered perspectives of leadership in a Special Issue of Advances in Developing Human Resources. Since that date, other women of color have added cultural perspectives that have expanded the need to revisit a problem that has rendered invisibility and silence to this group of leaders.

Solution

Women of color in positions of leadership have learned through historical and cultural experience how to strategically navigate organizational and institutional barriers by leading authentically. More significantly, they have learned how to balance status and place and to recognize that place defines their leadership reality.

Stakeholders

Human Resource Development (HRD) scholars and researchers who study leadership. HRD practitioners, organizational leaders, and others who are responsible for leadership development programs that are inclusive. Women of color leaders.
Domestic/Family Homicide: A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence
Authors: Truong Mandy , Yeganeh Ladan , Cartwright Anna , Ward Emma , Ibrahim Joseph , Cuschieri Dominique , Dawson Myrna , Bugeja Lyndal
Published: May 2022

Background: Domestic/family homicide (D/FH) is a global social, economic and public health problem. To date, the research studies into risk factors associated with D/FH has largely focused on intimate partner homicide (IPH). A more contemporary approach recognizes that D/FH extends beyond the intimate partner relationship. This systematic review sought to identify and quantify the individual, relationship, community and societal factors in the empirical evidence literature on D/FH. Methods: Eight electronic databases were searched from January 1999 to December 2020. Published journal articles on studies of D/FH were included if the study included victims and/or perpetrator of D/FH, reported risk and/or protective factors associated with D/FH, reported primary data and was published in English. Factors were descriptively synthesized by the categories of the social ecological model and D/FH sub-type. Results: Three hundred and forty published articles met the inclusion criteria. From 1999 to 2020 the number of articles on D/FH increased globally from 10 to 40 respectively, declining to 23 in 2020. Almost half of the articles examined populations located in the Americas (160, 47.1%), predominately the United States and the majority of articles used quantitative designs (277, 81.5%). The forms of homicide more commonly studied were intimate partner (171, 50.3%), and filicide (98, 28.8%). Approximately 90% of articles reported individual victim and perpetrator factors, 64.7% examined relationship factors, 17.9% examined community factors and 15.6% examined societal factors. Conclusion: To inform universal and targeted D/FH elimination and prevention strategies, more research across different regions and a greater emphasis on community and societal-level factors is needed.
What is Currently Understood About the Impact of Sexual Violence Activism for Higher Education Student Sexual Violence Survivors?
Authors: Bovill Helen , Podpadec Tessa
Published: May 2022

Objective: This systematic literature review maps the landscape of higher education and student sexual violence survivors who become involved in sexual violence activism. It was undertaken to understand what drives student sexual violence survivors to become activists, the negative and positive impacts of this activism on the students, how higher education institutions might work with sexual violence activists to foster effective prevention and response, and how activism has been negotiated by and within practice, policy and research. Method: A qualitative evidence synthesis methodology was used to identify research which examines drivers to and consequences of sexual violence activism for student activists. Searches across seven databases were conducted using six keywords combined in various ways, with further inclusion criteria of published in English between 2010 and 2020. Searches of grey literature were also carried out. Results: 28 sources met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis, conducted in NVivo, resulted in identification of four themes: survival from harm, community, labour in the personal made public and power between activists and institutions. Conclusions/Recommendations/Limitations: Inadequate institutional response was a key driver of student sexual violence activism. Activism had positive and negative impacts on the activists. Recommendations are that activists, institutions, researchers and policy makers work as coalitions to bring about enduring cultural change. Review limitations were the small number of studies in this field; additionally, they were dominated by US and UK perspectives.
Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Five of the Most Recurrently Validated Child Maltreatment Assessment Instruments from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Georgieva Sylvia , Tomás José M. , Navarro-Pérez José J. , Samper-García Paula
Published: May 2022

Assessment of child maltreatment has been inconsistent across literature due to its complexity, multidimensionality, and the variety of conceptualizations of this construct. Five instruments have recurrently examined psychometric properties across the last years of research: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure, Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Identification of Parents at Risk for child Abuse and Neglect, and Psychosocial Screening Tool. This article aims to examine and wrap up the knowledge regarding the psychometric properties of these instruments. A systematic review was performed through three of the most relevant databases in order to identify the most validated instruments to assess child maltreatment from 2010 to 2020, and 19 research articles were identified. Results indicate that there is a lack of information regarding some psychometric properties and therefore, in the light of this information, it is not possible to clearly determine if there are instruments with stronger scientific evidence for their psychometric properties, although the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure Scale (MACE) obtained the strongest psychometric evidence. This systematic review provided a comprehensive review on the main psychometric properties of five child maltreatment instruments in order to facilitate researchers and child welfare professionals the selection of the most suitable instrument for their specific purpose. We recommend addressing these gaps of information by further examining the psychometric properties of these instruments, and developing valid and reliable instruments for early detection in child maltreatment.
The Refractive Comic: Nanette and Comedy From Inside Identity
Authors: Bennett Kiah E.
Published: May 2022

This essay theorizes a millennial-era iteration of stand-up comedy: refractive comedy. Through close textual analysis of Hannah Gadsby’s Nanette (2018), I argue refractive comedy alters the message, affective nature, and form of stand-up comedy through a rejection of the dominant worldview and subsequent centering of marginalized standpoints. This essay examines Gadsby’s refraction in a broader discourse of industrial and cultural, gendered, and racial gatekeeping. I examine how refractive comedy, additionally, has inspired critical conversation on comedy’s role in relation to shared and collective trauma, as seen in Bo Burnham’s Inside (2021).
A novel method for evaluating the tensile behavior isotropy of surgical meshes based on the analysis of the polar graph of tensile properties using image processing method
Authors: Dahesh Melika Badin , Asayesh Azita , Asgharian Jeddi Ali Asghar
Published: May 2022

The most common hernia treatment method is using a surgical mesh. The functional properties of surgical meshes, including structural and mechanical properties affect mesh performance. Anisotropy of the tensile behavior of the surgical mesh influences the hernia treatment process. In this research, a novel index named ‘isotropy index’ is introduced based on the analysis of the polar graph of the tensile properties of surgical meshes. The isotropy index, which is expressed in percent, was defined as the ratio of the polar diagram area of the tensile elastic modulus to the area of the circle surrounding the polar graph and calculated using the meshes' tensile elastic modulus in five directions(0°(course), 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°(wale)) using the image processing method. For this purpose, common net warp-knitted fabrics in surgical mesh production were produced with five various knit patterns(quasi-Sandfly, Tricot, Pin-hole-net, Sandfly, and quasi-Marqussite) using polypropylene monofilament yarns, and their tensile properties were analyzed in various directions(0°(course), 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°(wale)). Results revealed that the quasi-Sandfly mesh is the most isotropic(57.74%), and the quasi-Marqussite mesh is the most anisotropic(17.12%) among evaluated surgical meshes. Tricot mesh(54.98%), Sandfly mesh(49.17%), and Pin-hole-net mesh(46.41%) in terms of the tensile behavior isotropy are between quasi-Sandfly mesh and quasi-Marqussite mesh. The Sandfly mesh has the closest isotropy index to the abdominal wall tissue. Considering the importance of the lightness, adequate porosity, larger pore size, and closeness of the mesh’ isotropy index to abdominal wall tissue for enhancing mesh functional properties, the Sandfly mesh was selected as the best-knit pattern for surgical mesh.
Affect Toward Transgender People, Political Awareness, and Support for Transgender Rights
Authors: Jones Philip Edward , Becker Amy B.
Published: May 2022

As with public opinion on other policy issues, attitudes toward transgender rights are partly driven by “group-centric” reasoning. Those with more positive feelings toward transgender people are more likely to support policies that protect their rights. But linking group affect with policies impacting members of that group requires some knowledge and understanding of politics, which not all citizens possess to the same extent. In this research note, we demonstrate that political awareness moderates the relationship between affect toward transgender people and support for their civil rights. ANES data from 2016 and 2020 show that more politically sophisticated respondents were more likely to connect their views of transgender people with policies that protect their rights. These results suggest that group-centric thinking is most prevalent among the most, not least, politically aware.
Popular Culture as an Educative Site Regarding the January 6, 2021 Insurrection: Grappling With Complexity Through Intersectional Analyses a Special Issue of Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies
Authors: Edwards Erica B. , Esposito Jennifer
Published: May 2022

The insurrection that occurred at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021 is distinct because of its deep ties to White supremacist rhetoric and mobilization. What is also significant is the undeniable role of popular media in establishing the discourse, leadership, and plans that made the event possible. This special issue uses intersectional analysis to interrogate why/how the uprising occurred, and to imagine education as a critical intervention toward countering the bigotry at the day’s root. Together, the articles advance the argument that what the world witnessed that day was White privilege, real or imagined, fighting to preserve itself.
“What are you Bringing to the Table?”: The Something Awful Let’s Play Community as a Serious Leisure Subculture
Authors: McKitrick Brian , Rogerson Melissa , Gibbs Martin , Nansen Bjørn
Published: May 2022

Within the last decade, Let’s Plays, recordings of gameplay with commentary by the person playing, have grown in popularity and attention. The current research examining Let’s Plays has focused on the contemporary popularity of the phenomenon on YouTube. However, the origins of Let’s Plays as an influential media practice have not been fully investigated. In order to address this gap, we conducted a series of interviews with 34 creators from the Something Awful LP subforum—commonly identified to have originated the media form. Transcripts of these interviews were analyzed using concepts of serious leisure studies and cultural/subcultural capital. As a form of serious leisure culture, the members of the Something Awful LP community displayed motivations related to extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, such as increased sense of self-worth and recognition. The analysis of this Serious leisure culture highlights how this subculture was subsequently adopted by larger YouTube communities.
Understanding of Critical Elements of Informed Consent in Genomic Research: A Case of a Paediatric HIV-TB Research Project in Uganda
Authors: Amayoa Francis Anyaka , Nakwagala Frederick Nelson , Barugahare John , Munabi Ian Guyton , Mwaka Erisa Sabakaki
Published: May 2022

Several studies have reported inadequate comprehension of informed consent for genomic research. This study aimed to assess research participants’ understanding of critical elements of informed consent for genomic research. A cross-sectional survey involving 123 parents/caregivers of children participating in a paediatric genomic TB/HIV study was conducted. Only 47.2% of the participants had adequate understanding of consent information. The mean objective (actual) and subjective (perceived) understanding scores were 78.7% and 91.7% respectively. Participants adequately understood most elements of consent however, some elements were poorly understood including foreseeable risks, protection of confidentiality and compensation for research related injury. Overall there was inadequate comprehension of critical elements of informed consent and there was dissonance between actual and perceived comprehension of informed consent.
Perceptions of Police Among Kenyan Female Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Chenane Joselyne L. , Morabito Melissa S. , Gonzales Teresa Irene
Published: May 2022

We explored how highly educated and middle-class Kenyan female immigrants perceive their encounters with the police in the United States, including the decision to access the criminal justice system in response to their victimization. We found a positive correlation between perceptions of procedural justice and cooperation among Kenyan women immigrants. Conversely, prior victimization was inversely associated with help-seeking among these women. When Kenyan female immigrants perceived high police effectiveness in dealing with IPV, they were more likely to feel obligated to obey the U.S. police. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Living Your Best Life: Lifestyle Medicine for All Women
Authors: McHugh John , Alexander Megan , Kudesia Rashmi , Krant Jessica , Comander Amy , Tollefson Michelle , Geyer Cynthia
Published: May 2022

In an era of ever-increasing healthcare expenditures, yet simultaneously worsening outcomes, many of our patients choose between traditional medical care or often unproven alternative therapies. While the recognition of lifestyle change in addressing cardiovascular and metabolic disease grows, there is less understanding of the impact of lifestyle change on issues facing women every day. Millions of women around the globe struggle with infertility, cancer, sexual dysfunction, and dermatologic needs. Yet, research on the benefits of lifestyle change on these conditions is scarce, and gaps exist both in our understanding of evidence-based approaches to address these issues, as well as adequate provider education when evidence exists. The Women’s Health Member Interest Group convened medical experts in these areas that affect women’s lives to provide insights and meaningful education applicable not only for our patients, but also in our own lives.
Older Adult and Healthcare Provider Beliefs About Fall Prevention Strategies
Authors: Henry Ankita , Haddad Yara , Bergen Gwen
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Older adults reported about 36 million falls in 2018. Although effective strategies are available to address risk factors and minimize fall risk, little is known about older adults’ and healthcare providers’ awareness of these strategies. This study describes and compares healthcare providers’ and older adults’ beliefs about fall prevention and strategies. Methods: Demographic and fall-related data for older adults were obtained from the 2019 fall cohort of Porter Novelli ConsumerStyles. Similar data from primary care practitioners, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants were gathered from the 2019 cohort of DocStyles. Results: Most providers (91.3%) and older adults (85.1%) believed falls can be prevented. Both providers and older adults were most likely to consider strength and balance exercises (90.7% and 82.8%, respectively) and making homes safer (90.5% and 79.9%, respectively) as strategies that help prevent falls. More providers reported that managing medications (84.2%) and tai chi (45.7%) can prevent falls compared to older adults (24.0% and 21.7%, respectively; P < .0001). Conclusion: More healthcare providers than older adults indicated evidence-based strategies exist to reduce falls. Increased patient and provider communication can increase awareness about the benefits of evidence-based strategies such as tai chi, strength and balance exercises, and medication management.
Mechanical thrombectomy in anterior vs. posterior circulation stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adusumilli Gautam , Pederson John M , Hardy Nicole , Kallmes Kevin M , Hutchison Kristen , Kobeissi Hassan , Heiferman Daniel M , Heit Jeremy J
Published: May 2022

Background

High-quality evidence exists for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation (AC-LVO). The evidence for MT treatment of posterior circulation large vessel occlusion (PC-LVO) is weaker, largely drawn from lower quality studies specific to PC-LVO and extrapolated from findings in AC-LVO, and ambiguous with regards to technical success. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the technical success and functional outcomes of MT in PC-LVO versus AC-LVO patients.

Methods

We identified comparative studies reporting on patients treated with MT in AC-LVO versus PC-LVO. The primary outcome of interest was thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) ≥ 2b. Secondary outcomes included rates of TICI 3, 90-day functional independence, first-pass-effect, average number of passes, and 90-day mortality. A separate random effects model was fit for each outcome measure.

Results

Twenty studies with 12,911 patients, 11,299 (87.5%) in the AC-LVO arm and 1612 (12.5%) in the PC-LVO arm, were included. AC-LVO and PC-LVO patients had comparable rates of successful recanalization [OR = 1.02 [95% CI: 0.79–1.33], p = 0.848). However, the AC-LVO group had greater odds of 90-day functional independence (OR = 1.26 [95% CI: 1.00; 1.59], p = 0.050) and lower odds of 90-day mortality (OR = 0.58 [95% CI: 0.43; 0.79], p = 0.002).

Conclusions

MT achieves similar rates of recanalization with a similar safety profile in PC-LVO and AC-LVO patients. Patients with PC-LVO are less likely to achieve functional independence after MT. Future studies should identify PC-LVO patients who are likely to achieve favourable functional outcomes.
Optimal design of a pneumatic atomizer using response surface method to obtain more uniform coatings
Authors: Qiao Wentong , Qian Lijuan , Zhu Chenlin , Liu Jingqi
Published: May 2022

Uneven coatings with overspray often occur to the target plate when using a pneumatic atomizer. This issue is mainly due to the high-level pressure in the plate center, which results from unreasonable design of the structure and operating parameters in atomizer. In this paper, an optimal design for these parameters was established by response surface method (RSM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to produce more uniform coatings. The velocity data measured by a hot-wire anemometry experimentally verified the numerical model. Then, annular air hole diameter, horn flare angle, annular air pressure, and shaping air pressure were selected as design variables while the central pressure was chosen as objective function. The RSM with the central composite design (CCD) was employed to construct the regression equation that expresses the relationship between the central pressure and design parameters. Finally, the optimum combination of the parameters was carried out for reducing the central pressure, and the interaction effects between the parameters were also analyzed. The optimization results show that the central pressure is decreased by 44.6% and the performance of droplet size distribution is significantly improved. The experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the optimized atomizer to obtain well-distributed coatings.
Multi-objective structural optimization of the aluminum alloy subway car body based on an approximate proxy model
Authors: Li Yana , Zhang Zepeng , Xu Lili
Published: May 2022

To improve the comprehensive structural performance and optimize the structural quality of the aluminum alloy subway car body, a multi-objective structural optimization method based on a response surface approximate proxy model was proposed. On the basis of the sensitivity calculation of the objective response to the thickness changes of profiles in different regions of the car body, 21 groups of plate variables with the highest optimization potential were selected for optimization. The optimization experiments were performed on the design variables, and sufficient sample points were selected for the target analysis. Based on the calculated data, second-order response surface models for the bending modal frequency, bending stiffness, and complete mass of the subway car body were constructed considering the optimized profile thickness. After verifying the accuracy of the model, it was used to replace the finite element model for optimization analysis. To achieve feasible optimization results, two schemes with the profile thickness varied in steps of 0.1 and 0.5 mm in the design space were used. After the completion of the calculation, experimental evaluation of the two optimal schemes indicated that the structural performance was consistent with the numerical results.
Superplastic characteristics and forming of LZ91 Mg-Li alloy sheet
Authors: Shen Shi-jun , Jiang Shao-song , Zhan Mei
Published: May 2022

Magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) alloys, due to their high specific strength, have great potential in the modern aviation industry. The superplastic characteristics, microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and forming process of LZ91 Mg-Li alloys at 200°C–300°C were studied in this paper. Tensile tests show that the optimal elongation of tensile specimens is 812.6% at 300°C under a strain rate of 5 × 10−4 s−1. The flow stress of the material increases with strain during the high-temperature tensile testing due to the grain coarsening . Meanwhile, low dislocation densities were observed during tension, which is not sufficient for dynamic recrystallisation to occur. The finite element method is used to investigate the forming schemes of a narrow-mouth box component. Finally, this component was manufactured by the powder pressure bulging process at 300°C experimentally.