bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The CD4 cell count at which to initiate HIV-associated cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening and pre-emptive antifungal treatment among CrAg positive persons should be raised to 200 cells/μL: evidence based on a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yao , Huang Xiaojie , Chen Hui , Qin Yuanyuan , Hou Jianhua , Li Aixin , Wu Hao , Yan Xiaofeng , Chen Yaokai
Published: September 2019

Background: Current WHO guidelines (2018) recommend screening for cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) in HIV+ persons with CD4<100 cells/μL, followed by pre-emptive antifungal therapy among CrAg positive (CrAg+) persons, to prevent CM-related deaths. The strategy may also be considered for those persons with a CD4 count of < 200 cells/uL) according the WHO guidelines. However, there remains little evidence for doing so in those HIV+ persons with this CD4 cell count. Objective: We aimed to assess the necessity of CrAg screening and the efficacy of pre-emptive antifungal therapy in CrAg+ persons with CD4<200 cells/µL. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis using data obtained from randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and cohort studies found in Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EMBASE/MEDLINE . Results: The pooled prevalence of CrAg positivity in HIV+ persons with CD4<200 cells/µL was 5% (95%CI: 3-6). The incidence of CM in CrAg+ persons was 7- fold (7%, 95%CI: 4-10) higher than that of CrAg negative (CrAg-) persons (1%, 95%CI: 0-1). All-cause mortality in CrAg+ persons was 15% (95%CI: 12-18), more than 1.67 times that of CrAg- persons (9%, 95%CI: 6-13). Among CrAg+ persons who did not receive any treatment or only received placebo, the incidence of CM was 9% (95%CI: 4-13), whereas the incidence of CM among those who received antifungal therapy was 2% (95%CI: 0-3), a highly statistically significant reduction of 78% (RR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.08-0.36, p <0.00001). Conclusions: In our meta-analysis, the incidence of CM and all-cause mortality in CrAg+ persons were significantly higher than in CrAg(-) persons with CD4<200 cells/µL. Furthermore, the incidence of CM was significantly reduced by pre-emptive antifungal therapy in CrAg+ persons. Our results suggest that the CD4 level for initiating CrAg screening and pre-emptive therapy should now definitely be raised to 200 cells/µL in these HIV-infected individuals.
Natural polymorphisms in HIV-1 CRF01_AE strain and profile of acquired drug resistance mutations in a long-term combination treatment cohort in northeastern China
Authors: Sun Zesong , Ouyang Jinming , Zhao Bin , An Minghui , Wang Lin , Ding Haibo , Han XiaoXu , Shang Hong
Published: September 2019

Background The impacts of genetic polymorphisms on drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among various HIV-1 subtypes have long been debated. In this study, we aimed to analyze the natural polymorphisms and acquired DRM profile in HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected patients in a large Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz (TDF/3TC/EFV) first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) cohort in northeastern China.Methods The natural polymorphisms of CRF01_AE were analyzed in 2034 patients from a long-term ART cohort in northeastern China. The polymorphisms in 105 treatment failure (TF) patients were compared with those in 1148 treatment success (TS) patients. The acquired DRM profile of 42 patients who experienced TF with TDF/3TC/EFV treatment was analyzed by comparing the mutations at TF to those at baseline. The Stanford HIVdb algorithm was used to interpret the DRMs. Binomial distribution, McNemar test, and CorMut package were used to analyze the mutation rates and co-variation. Deep sequencing was used to analyze the evolutionary dynamics of co-variation.Results Before ART, the natural polymorphisms of 31 sites on reverse transcriptase (RT) were significantly higher in CRF01_AE than subtype B HIV-1 (|Z value|≥3), including five known drug resistance-associated sites (238, 118, 179, 103, and 40). However, only the polymorphism at site 75 was associated with TF (|Z value|≥3). The mutation rate at 14 sites increased significantly at TF compared to baseline, with the most common DRMs comprising G190S/C, K65R, K101E/N/Q, M184V/I, and V179D/I/A/T/E, ranging from 66.7% to 45.2%. Moreover, two unknown mutations (V75L and L228R) increased by 19.0% and 11.9% respectively, and they were under positive selection (Ka/Ks>1, log odds ratio [LOD]>2) and were associated with several other DRMs (cKa/Ks>1, LOD>2). Deep sequencing of longitudinal plasma samples showed that L228R occurred simultaneously or followed the appearance of Y181C.Conclusion The high levels of polymorphisms in CRF01_AE had little impact on treatment outcomes. The findings regarding potential new CRF01_AE-specific minor DRMs indicate the need for more studies on the drug resistance phenotype of CRF01_AE.
Effect of Salinity Difference on Lipid Content from Chaetoceros muelleri on Continuous Reactors
Authors: Rahmadi Arif , Mulyani Yeni , Lewaru Muhammad Wahyudin
Published: September 2019

Chaetoceros muelleri is a microalgae class of Bacillariophyta (diatom) which is generally only used as feeds for fishes and shellfish larvae. Nevertheless, the biochemical content of this species is quite high and has the potential to be developed. This research aims to explain the effect of different salinity on the growth and lipid content of Chaetoceros muelleri cultured in a continuous photobioreactor. This research was carried out in August 2018 - February 2019. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Marine Microbiology and the Laboratory of Bioprocess and Bioprospection of Natural Materials, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. The samples of Chaetoceros muelleri isolates were obtained from the Jepara Brackish Water Aquaculture Center. The methods used for the study was a ‘Completely Randomized Design’ (CRD) with four treatments. The salinity used is 15, 25, 35 and 45 ppt. The main parameters observed were growth and lipid content, while the supporting parameters were temperature, and pH. The results of this study showed that the highest lipid content was a salinity treatment of 35 ppt with a value of 25.37% of total dry weight obtained at the end of the culture. Based on growth, the highest density occurred in 25 ppt salinity with a maximum density of 3.80 ± 0.49 x 106 cells. ml-1 and maximum growth rate of 0.36 ± 0.008 div. day-1
Team cohesion: A double-edged sword in the relationship between rival estimation and escalation of commitment
Authors: Khoshsoroor Somayeh , Liang Dapeng , Salami Gholamheidar Ebrahimbay , Chitsaz Ehsan
Published: September 2019

We investigated whether rival estimation leads to team cohesion in a competitive situation, and examined the mediating role of team cohesion in the relationship between rival estimation and escalation of commitment. We used a semiexperimental design with a sample of 336 university students
and conducted structural equation modeling with partial least squares. Results showed that escalation of commitment increased as rival estimation increased, but this increase was much lower than enhancement through team cohesion. In addition, overestimation of rivals enhanced team cohesion
and greatly increased escalation of commitment. Thus, we have introduced novel predictors for team cohesion and escalation of commitment in a competitive situation. Our results provide a tool for leaders responsible for team performance to make significant adjustments in cohesion and rival
estimation. Leaders should also be aware of the negative effect of strong team cohesion on the tendency to think in a way that can lead to systematic deviation from good judgment/rationality.
The effects of Korean college students' self-identity on career decision-making self-efficacy
Authors: Kim Sanglim , Yang Sungeun
Published: September 2019

Preparing for a career is a key task that should be completed during the transition period from adolescence to adulthood. With a sample of 160 Korean college students we analyzed the effect of self-identity on career decision-making self-efficacy and examined the roles of college adjustment
and social support as mediators in this relationship. The results showed that college adjustment and social support both mediated the effect of self-identity on career decision-making self-efficacy. College students with a stronger sense of self-identity adapted more positively to college
life and perceived more social support, which led to higher career decision-making self-efficacy. Although our focus was on Korean college students, our results have practical implications for the enhancement of all college students' career decision-making self-efficacy.
Psychological capital and innovative behavior: Mediating effect of psychological safety
Authors: Sun Yuping , Huang Jiatao
Published: September 2019

We examined psychological safety as a mediator of the relationship between psychological capital and innovative behavior. Survey data from 136 university teachers in China were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results indicated that psychological safety partially mediated
the relationship between psychological capital and innovative behavior. These findings suggest not only that it is important to consider psychological capital in understanding innovative behavior, but also that psychological safety plays an important role in the relationship. Limitations are
discussed and directions for future research are suggested.
Reliability and validity of the Social Curiosity Scale among Chinese university students
Authors: Zhang Yong
Published: September 2019

My aim in this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Social Curiosity Scale (SCS) among Chinese university students. Social curiosity has been conceptualized as an interest in how other people behave, think, and feel. Students (N = 916) at 3 general universities
in Henan Province completed the Chinese version of the SCS. The results showed that the Chinese SCS has good internal consistency reliability. Exploratory factor analysis results indicated that the Chinese SCS presented a clear 2-factor structure, and confirmatory factor analysis results showed
that the 2-factor model fitted the data better than the 1-factor model did. These results indicated that the Chinese version of the SCS has good construct validity. Therefore, the Chinese version of the SCS can be used as an effective tool for social curiosity measurement among Chinese university
students.
Supervisor incivility and millennial employee creativity: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Liu Chang-E , Chen Yahui , He Wei , Huang Jie
Published: September 2019

Mitigating the detrimental impact of workplace incivility on employee performance and boosting millennial employee creativity are 2 common challenges for organizations around the world. Drawing on self-determination theory and social identity theory, we examined the roles of intrinsic
motivation and perceived insider status in the relationship between supervisor incivility and millennial employee creativity. With data collected from 481 millennial employees in China, we found strong support for a moderated mediation model, in which the negative relationship between supervisor
incivility and millennial employee creativity was mediated by intrinsic motivation, such that the mediating relationship was strengthened for employees with a low level of perceived insider status and weakened for employees with a high level of perceived insider status. We discuss the theoretical
and practical implications of these findings.
OBSESTRIC AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES OF PRETERM LABOR IN WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV
Authors: Kravchenko E. N. , Yakovlevа O. A. , Kuklina L. V.
Published: September 2019

The objective of the present study is to reveal characteristics of the course of gestation and perinatal outcomes of preterm, labor associated with human immunodeficiency viral infection. Materials and methods. Retrospective case control study with the participation of 76 pregnant HIV-positive women with preterm labor (main group) and their 76 newborns was held. Comparison group consisted of 198 pregnant women without HIV-infection and their 198 newborns. HIV-infection verification was conducted in accordance with the standard procedure regulated by the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Results. Antenatal chemoprophylaxis with antiretroviral drugs was used in 92,1% of infected patients. In the vast majority of cases (89,4%) the therapy was conducted with the combination of drugs: Combivir (zidovudine 300 mg + lamivudine 150 mg) taken 1 tablet twice daily combined with Kaletra (lopinavir 200 mg + ritonavir 25 mg) taken 2 tablets twice daily. Initiation of ART vary depending on the HIV infection date: in the first trimester of pregnancy, 48,9% of pregnant were intended to treat, in the second trimester — 36,2%, in the third — 6,4%. 7,9 patients did not receive treatment. Intranatal chemoprophylaxis of prevention of mother-to-child transmission was held in 69 (90,8%) HIV-infected patients. HIV-infection was detected in 2 (2,6%) newborns from mothers who did not receive etiotropic treatment. Common complications of gestation under HIV-infection include anemia (61,8%) and intrauterine growth retardation (34,2%), during labor — meconium in the amniotic fluid (31,6%). Respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 6 (7,6%) newborns, cerebral ischemia was diagnosed in 86,8% of newborns, respiratory distress — in 7,9%. Respiratory distress prophylaxis was conducted in 46% cases only. Conclusion. The course of gestation in women living with HIV with preterm labor was complicated by iron-deficiency anemia, intrauterine growth retardation, meconium in the amniotic fluid; cerebral ischaemia and respiratory distress syndrome most commonly occurred in newborns.
MICROGLIOSISINWHITEMATTER OF THE BRAIN IN CHRONIC HCV-INFECTION: MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Maybogin A. M. , Nedzved M. K.
Published: September 2019

The course of a chronic HCV infection in 50% of cases is followed by affection of the brain. Its most frequent manifestations are various cognitive and psychogenic and neurological disorders. It is considered they are based on the activation of HCV infected microglial cells and related to this exitotoxic injury of neurons. According to the data of literature similar changes of microglia in white matter play an important role in a pathogenesis of HIV-associated subcortical dementia. Despite active studying the role of microglia in HCV infection, structural changes and tissue reactions of these cells in nervous tissue remain unexplored. In this regard the purpose of this research was comprehensive immunomorphological research of microglia cells in white matter of different departments of brain in HCV infection. Object of a research was autopsy samples of white brain matter from 40 patients died in the outcome of a chronic HCV infection. 20 people deceased without infectious and mental pathology made up the control group. After histological processing by standard methodic microscopic sections of white matter samples were prepared and stained with review and elective stainings. The immunohistochemical research was conducted using antibodies to virus protein NS3 and antibodies to CD68 microglia cells. The evaluation of microglia cells reactive changes in nervous tissue was performed with submitted earlier methodic. Statistical processing of results was carried out by dispersive Kruskal-Wallis analysis using the SSPS application programs. Level of significance p was accepted equal 0,05. It was established that during chronic HCV infection in white matter of the brain occurs productive changes of microglia cells. They are presented with diffuse and focal anizomorphic microgliosis which expressiveness differs depending on departments of the brain develop (p=0,000). The highest rates of a microgliosis are defined in white matter of brain hemispheres and a brainstem (р=0,05). Morphological features of microgliosis during HCV infection include glial knots formation, phagocytic transformation of microglia with prevalence of amoeboid cells, granular globes appearance, rod microglia congestions in a hippocampus and also degenerative changes in perifocal white matter. These changes of a microglia can be considered as a morphological equivalent of infected with HCV microglia cells activation. The revealed changes indicate that the microgliosis is typical morphological feature of brain injury during chronic HCV infection, and it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the HCV-associated damage of central nervous system.
BLOOD OF CYTOKINE LEVELS AND THEIR CORRELATIONS WITH LIVER INJURY IN PATIENTS COINFECTED WITH HIV AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS
Authors: Korolevskaya L. B. , Saydakova E. V. , Shmagel K. V.
Published: September 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of blood of cytokines and their correlations with indices of liver injury in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus. Materials and methods. 61 persons were enrolled in the study: HIV/VHC coinfected patients (n=20), HIV monoinfected patients (n=21) and non-infected volunteers (n=20). Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-5, TNF-a, VEGF, FGF basic and biomarkers of liver injury (AST, SGPT, APRI) were measured. The significant increase in serum levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in HIV/VHC co-infected patients compared to the same indices in HIV mono-infected patients was detected. Positive correlation between biomarkers of liver injury and concentrations of observed cytokines and growth factors was found. Conclusion. In chronic inflammation, increased level of peripheral proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their associations with biomarkers of liver injury may explain accelerated liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV coinfected patients.
PREPAREDNESS OF DOCTORS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN TERMS OF HIGH SPREADING HIV-INFECTION
Authors: Novoselov P. N. , Radzikhovskaya M. V. , Denisenko I. A. , Dudarova T. P. , Ebert I. V.
Published: September 2019

Objective: to study the knowledge of general practitioners and general practitioners (family medicine) on the identification and early diagnosis of tuberculosis in conditions of high HIV prevalence. Materials and methods. The source of information was the results of an anonymous one-step survey by questioning 140 general practitioners and general practitioners (family medicine) on issues that determine the level of knowledge and readiness to apply them in practice according to the requirements of the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia № 951 of December 29, 2014 «On Approval of Methodological recommendations for improving the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tuberculosis». Questionnaires included 13 questions of a closed type. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS-17 computer application package. Results and its discussion. The obtained data demonstrated an insufficient level of knowledge of the interviewed specialists in the field of early diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, especially in patients with HIV infection, which justifies the need for training of physicians providing medical care in the framework of primary health care in the early detection of tuberculosis, including patients with HIV infection.
ATTITUDE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS TO HIV INFECTED PERSONS
Authors: Khryanin A. A. , Reshetnikov O. V. , Bocharova V. K. , Russkikh M. V. , Marinkin I. O.
Published: September 2019

Western Siberia is one of the main regions with a large number of HIV-infected individuals. District therapists are the main link that makes the first contact with HIV infected people. However, it is not yet clear how general practitioners agree with the communication with HIV infected people. In turn, effective communication between the doctor and the patient can be crucial in the formation of a positive attitude of the patient to treatment and significantly affect the effectiveness of future treatment activities. The study was conducted in 2017 by anonymous questionnaires. The study involved 334 medical students of the 4th year of the therapeutic and pediatric faculties of the NSMU. For the survey, an adapted questionnaire was developed, based on the UNAIDS model questionnaire. It was found that medical students do not condemn HIV infected people. They do not believe that people with a positive HIV status necessarily behave immorally and therefore deserve this disease. They are ready to help these patients, although they themselves feel the fear of infection during medical manipulations. A lack of knowledge of a number of legal issues concerning HIV infected patients has been established.
Murine Perinatal β-Cell Proliferation and the Differentiation of Human Stem Cell–Derived Insulin-Expressing Cells Require NEUROD1
Authors: Romer Anthony I. , Singer Ruth A. , Sui Lina , Egli Dieter , Sussel Lori
Published: September 2019

Inactivation of the β-cell transcription factor NEUROD1 causes diabetes in mice and humans. In this study, we uncovered novel functions of NEUROD1 during murine islet cell development and during the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) into insulin-producing cells. In mice, we determined that Neurod1 is required for perinatal proliferation of α- and β-cells. Surprisingly, apoptosis only makes a minor contribution to β-cell loss when Neurod1 is deleted. Inactivation of NEUROD1 in HESCs severely impaired their differentiation from pancreatic progenitors into insulin-expressing (HESC-β) cells; however, survival or proliferation was not affected at the time points analyzed. NEUROD1 was also required in HESC-β cells for the full activation of an essential β-cell transcription factor network. These data reveal conserved and distinct functions of NEUROD1 during mouse and human β-cell development and maturation, with important implications about the function of NEUROD1 in diabetes.
Machine Learning to Predict the Risk of Incident Heart Failure Hospitalization Among Patients With Diabetes: The WATCH-DM Risk Score
Authors: Segar Matthew W. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Patel Kershaw V. , McGuire Darren K. , Butler Javed , Fonarow Gregg C. , Basit Mujeeb , Kannan Vaishnavi , Grodin Justin L. , Everett Brendan , Willett Duwayne , Berry Jarett , Pandey Ambarish
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE

To develop and validate a novel, machine learning–derived model to predict the risk of heart failure (HF) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using data from 8,756 patients free at baseline of HF, with <10% missing data, and enrolled in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial, we used random survival forest (RSF) methods, a nonparametric decision tree machine learning approach, to identify predictors of incident HF. The RSF model was externally validated in a cohort of individuals with T2DM using the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT).

RESULTS

Over a median follow-up of 4.9 years, 319 patients (3.6%) developed incident HF. The RSF models demonstrated better discrimination than the best performing Cox-based method (C-index 0.77 [95% CI 0.75–0.80] vs. 0.73 [0.70–0.76] respectively) and had acceptable calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic χ2 = 9.63, P = 0.29) in the internal validation data set. From the identified predictors, an integer-based risk score for 5-year HF incidence was created: the WATCH-DM (Weight [BMI], Age, hyperTension, Creatinine, HDL-C, Diabetes control [fasting plasma glucose], QRS Duration, MI, and CABG) risk score. Each 1-unit increment in the risk score was associated with a 24% higher relative risk of HF within 5 years. The cumulative 5-year incidence of HF increased in a graded fashion from 1.1% in quintile 1 (WATCH-DM score ≤7) to 17.4% in quintile 5 (WATCH-DM score ≥14). In the external validation cohort, the RSF-based risk prediction model and the WATCH-DM risk score performed well with good discrimination (C-index = 0.74 and 0.70, respectively), acceptable calibration (P ≥0.20 for both), and broad risk stratification (5-year HF risk range from 2.5 to 18.7% across quintiles 1–5).

CONCLUSIONS

We developed and validated a novel, machine learning–derived risk score that integrates readily available clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiographic variables to predict the risk of HF among outpatients with T2DM.
Experience of using polymethyl methacrylate membranes for anti-HLA antibodies’ elimination by hemodialysis in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Pervakova E. I. , Vasilets V. V. , Rzhevskaya O. N. , Borovkova N. V. , Pinchuk A. V.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. In recipients with pre-existing sensitization with incompatible antigens of the main histocompatibility complex, the kidney graft survival after retransplantations directly depends on the level of anti-HLA antibodies. Despite many years of experience in using various methods: plasmapheresis, cascade filtration, immunosorption, intravenous administration of immunoglobulins, the use of polyclonal anti-lymphocytic agents, the search for more acceptable ways to reduce the level of anti-HLA antibodies still remains relevant nowadays.

The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of polymethyl methacrylate membrane-based dialyzers on the decrease in anti-HLA antibody level in renal transplant recipients.

Material and methods. The study included 20 kidney transplant recipients. The main study group consisted of 10 patients who underwent early postoperatoive hemodialysis using polymethyl methacrylate membrane-based dialyzers to decrease anti-HLA antibody level. A total of 53 hemodialysis procedures were performed, an average of 5.3 per patient. The comparison group included 10 recipients in whom plasmapheresis had been performed at similar timing after kidney transplantation aimed at reducing the anti-HLA antibody titers and whose data were studied retrospectively. A total of 38 plasmapheresis sessions were performed, an average of 3.8 per patient.

Results. In the main study group, a day after the hemodialysis procedure using polymethyl methacrylate membranebased dialyzers the level of anti-HLA antibodies decreased by an average of 28.3% in 6 of 10 patients (60%), and increased in 4 cases. Meanwhile, in the comparison group, the level of anti-HLA antibodies in venous blood after a plasmapheresis session decreased average by 44.6% in 8 patients of 10 (80%), and increased in 2 cases, on the contrary. Of note, there were no significant differences between the patients of the two compared groups either in the number of positive results (p> 0.05, Fisher's exact test), or in terms of the decrease in anti-HLA antibody level (p> 0.05, Mann – Whitney test). On days 2 and 5, in 50% of cases both after the hemodialysis procedure using polymethyl methacrylate membranebased dialyzers and after the plasmapheresis session, the patients showed an increase in the anti-HLA antibodies level compared to the baseline values. In the remaining cases, the level of anti-HLA antibodies in both groups was recorded at a lower range compared to the baseline values.

Conclusion. The use of polymethyl methacrylate membrane-based dialyzers in the renal allograft recipients having a high level of preexisting anti-HLA antibodies seems promising for the period of oligoanuria until the renal allograft function is restored, since both hemodialysis and the sorption of pre-existing (and also newly synthesized) antibodies take place simultaneously.
Transplantation in oncology: the future of a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Maltseva A. P. , Syutkin V. E. , Kolyshev I. Yu. , Rudakov V. S. , Svetlakova D. S. , Sadykhov Z. A. , Udalov Yu. D. , Voskanyan S. E.
Published: September 2019

On February 7, 2019, a one-day Consensus Conference of the International Liver Transplantation Society was held to discuss oncology issues. Representatives of world's leading clinics gathered in Rotterdam (Netherlands). The presentations made on that day covered the following topics: hepatocellular cancer, bile duct cancer, immunotherapy and its place in the treatment of liver tumors, the possibility of liver transplantation in patients with metastatic liver disease, world trends in pediatric oncohepatology. A separate session in the working groups was allocated to discuss the most actual topics. The Conference identified the main global trends and the most crucial issues in the field of liver transplantation in patients with oncological diagnosis. It is likely that these presentations will “set the tone” for the large Transplantationt Congress in Toronto in May 2019.
Modern materials for the reconstruction of the cranial vault bones
Authors: Ofitserov A. A. , Borovkova N. V. , Talypov A. E. , Ponomarev I. N.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. The need for cranioplasty occurs after the removal of the bony structures of the cranial vault. Craniotomy can be performed both in emergency as in case of increased intracranial pressure, and as a planned operation in the treatment of neoplasms or abscesses. A long-lasting presence of an extensive bone defect is the cause of the "trephined skull" syndrome development. Currently, cranioplasty is performed with materials of synthetic or natural origin. Synthetic materials include hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, polymethyl methacrylate. The natural materials include the auto-, allo- and xenografts. The main disadvantage of bone autografts is their rapid lysis. The most promising solution to this problem may include a lyophilization method with transplant saturation with growth factors, the source of which can be autoplasma rich in platelets. Of particular relevance is the development of methods for the preparation and preservation of an autograft, its modification in order to increase osteoreparative properties, which will bring the cranioplasty method with natural transplants to a whole new level.

The purpose of research. Combine relevant data and the results of a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of existing bone-plastic materials.
Phenomenon of Demikhov.In the Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986).Research Coordination Council of the USSR Healthcare Ministry: Missed opportunities. Part 1 (1963)
Authors: Glyantsev S. P.
Published: September 2019

The article describes the key event for Soviet transplantology of the 1960, namely, the Meeting of the Presidium of the USSR Healthcare Ministry Council for the Coordination of Scientific Research and Implementation of the Scientific Achievements. The Meeting held on October 8, 1963, was initiated by V.P. Demikhov's letters addressed to Moscow City CPSU Committee and the USSR Healthcare Ministry. The attendees of the Meeting were 50 leading experts of the USSR in the field of surgery, immunology, and transplantology; the speakers at the Meeting were V.P. Demikhov as the principal speaker, and V.I. Burakovsky as the Chairman of the Committee that had studied V.P. Demikhov's proposals on the issue of organ transplantation and the prospects for scientific research in that area. V.P. Demikhov shared with the audience his ideas, which were well ahead of their time; and the Commission noted the perspective and complexity of the organ transplantation problem, proposing a number of measures to improve the existed situation.
The potential of exosomes for the diagnosis and treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Galkin I.I. , Egorova T.V.
Published: September 2019

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common type of muscular dystrophy. There is no effective cure for this disease. Recently, researchers have started to look at the therapeutic potential of exosomes — small (40–100 nm) vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular environment. They transport a few types of macromolecules, including microRNA and proteins, that can be analyzed to estimate the efficacy of the applied therapy. Besides, exosomes can be harnessed for delivering therapeutic components (microRNA, antisense oligonucleotides) to the target tissue. Below, we analyze the available literature and assess the feasibility of using exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We conclude that exosomes can have their place in the arsenal of researchers and clinicians once some technical issues are solved.
Efficiency of image visualization simulator technology for physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy through play
Authors: Gorelik V.V. , Filippova S.N. , Belyaev V.S. , Karlova E.V.
Published: September 2019

The number of children born with cerebral palsy (CP) remains stably high. Novel approaches for rehabilitation of such patients are being sought. This study aimed to define the efficiency of the image visualization technologies in play activity for the physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. Sixteen boys with spastic diplegia aged 7–9 participated in the study. They were divided into treatment group (TG) and control group (CG), 8 children each. The TG patients were trained using the virtual reality based Krisaf training simulator twice a week for 40 minutes during 8 months. The child was suspended in the horizontal position and looked at the monitor through the specialised eyeglasses. Under the conditions of the marine environment immersion simulation with reduced gravity children performed motor tasks through play: searched for treasures, competed with dolphins etc. The CG patients attended the physical therapy lessons. Rehabilitation lessons using the virtual reality based Krisaf training simulator for children affected with spastic cerebral palsy led to a significant improvement of motor skills. Various motion tests showed an improvement over baseline, the average indicators increased 1.30–1.48 times. The difference between TG and CG results was statistically significant. In the CG referred to physical therapy the indicators increase was less than 10%, in the TG the increase reached 30–40%. It was concluded that the use of virtual reality based technologies promotes the optimization of neurophysiological processes in the motor analyzer cortical areas and better adaptation to motor loads.
Associations between blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow impairments assessed with phase-contrast MRI and brain damage in patients with age-related cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Kremneva E.I. , Akhmetzyanov B.M. , Dobrynina L.A. , Krotenkova M.V.
Published: September 2019

Hemodynamic parameters of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow can be measured in vivo using phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI). This opens new horizons for studying the mechanisms implicated in the development and progression of age-related cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). In this paper, we analyze associations between cerebral arterial, venous and CSF flow impairments and SVD features visible on MRI. The study was carried out in 96 patients with SVD (aged 60.91 ± 6.57 years) and 23 healthy volunteers (59.13 ± 6.56 years). The protocol of the MRI examination included routine MRI sequences (T2, FLAIR, T1, SWI, and DWI) applied to assess the severity of brain damage according to STRIVE advisory standards and PC-MRI used to quantify blood flow in the major arteries and veins of the neck, the straight and upper sagittal sinuses, and CSF flow at the aqueduct level. We analyzed the associations between linear and volumetric parameters of blood/CSF flow and the degree of brain matter damage using the Fazekas scale. We observed a reduction in tABF, stVBF, sssVBF, aqLF, Saq, and ICC values and a rise in Pi associated with WMH progression, as well as a gradual decline in tABF and an increase in Pi, Saq and ICC associated with a growing number of lacunes (р < 0.05). Patients with early (< 5) MB had lower sssVBF and stVBF rates in comparison with patients without MB; aqLF, Saq, and ICC values were elevated in patients with 5 to 10 MB, as compared to patients without MB or early (< 5) MB. The established associations between MRI findings in patients with SVD and blood/CSF flow impairments suggest the important role of mechanisms implicated in the disruption of Monro–Kellie intracranial homeostasis in promoting SVD.
Dynamics of post-stroke hand paresis kinematic pattern during rehabilitation
Authors: Khizhnikova A.E. , Klochkov A.S. , Kotov–Smolenskiy A.M. , Suponeva N.A. , Piradov M.A.
Published: September 2019

According to the literature data, only 5–20% of post-stroke patients are able to restore the hand motor function completely. Correct goal setting and individual approach to the patient's functional recovery are important. Our study aimed to develop an algorithm of impaired hand motor functioning assessment for post-stroke patients and to determine the principles of the rehabilitation tactics choosing based on the biomechanical analysis. Twenty five patients with hemispheric stroke and 10 healthy volunteers participated in the study. Formal clinical observation scales (Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Ashworth Scale, ARAT) and video motion analysis were used for evaluation of the hand motor function. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the hand paresis severity (mild/moderate and pronounced/severe). Rehabilitation was carried out in both groups, including mechanotherapy, massage and physical therapy. It was revealed that in the 1st group of patients the motor function recovery in the paretic hand was due to movement performance recovery: biomechanical parameters restoration directly correlated with a decrease in the paresis degree according to the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (r = 0.94; p = 0.01). In the 2nd group of patients, the motor function recovery in the paretic hand was due to motor deficit compensation: according to biomechanical analysis, the pathological motor synergies inversely correlated with a decrease in the paresis degree (r = –0.9; p = 0.03). As a result of the study, an algorithm for selecting the patient management tactics based on the baseline clinical indicators was developed.
Indicadores de qualidade do ensino fundamental: o uso das tecnologias de mineração de dados e de visões multidimensionais para apoio à análise e definição de políticas públicas
Authors: Namen Anderson , Borges Sonia , Sadala Maria
Published: September 2019

O Ministério da Educação (MEC) possui bases de dados contendo milhões de registros de alunos, professores, diretores e escolas do ensino fundamental. Muitas vezes essas bases não são exploradas em toda a sua potencialidade, devido ao grande volume de dados envolvido e às dificuldades inerentes ao tratamento dessas informações. Este artigo apresenta o potencial de algumas tecnologias de descoberta de conhecimento aplicadas às bases de dados do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep). São expostos os conceitos de visão multidimensional e de mineração de dados e apresentam-se as possibilidades de uso dessas ferramentas, que propiciam agilidade e facilidade na obtenção de indicadores de qualidade. São apresentados e discutidos alguns indicadores relacionados ao ensino da Língua Portuguesa, obtidos por intermédio das tecnologias mencionadas.
The secret adventures of order: globalization, education and transformative social justice learning
Authors: Torres Carlos
Published: September 2019

Existem diversas definições de globalização ou, talvez mais precisamente, pode-se dizer que há muitas globalizações. Ao discutir as quatro faces da globalização – globalização por cima, globalização por baixo, globalização dos direitos humanos e a globalização da guerra contra o terrorismo, – e seus impactos na educação e na aprendizagem, este artigo propõe uma análise da globalização neoliberal e de como reformas baseadas em competição afetaram a política educacional nos Estados Unidos desde o jardim de infância ao ensino médio, e no ensino superior. Essas reformas são caracterizadas por esforços em se criar padrões de desempenho mensuráveis a partir de extensivos testes padronizados (o movimento por novos padrões e “accountability”); pela introdução de novos métodos de ensino e aprendizagem, que trazem a expectativa de um melhor desempenho a um baixo custo (por exemplo, a universalização de livros didáticos); e por melhoras na seleção e no treinamento de professores. Reformas baseadas em competição no ensino superior tendem a adotar uma orientação vocacional e a refletir o ponto de vista de que faculdades e universidades existem largamente para servir ao bem-estar econômico de uma sociedade. A privatização é o esforço final principal por reforma ligado à globalização neoliberal e, talvez, o mais dominante. Como alternativa, o artigo proporciona introspecções às possibilidades de se empregar o conceito de marginalidade como um construto central para um modelo de aprendizagem para a transformação e justiça social. Ao seguir a inspiração de Paulo Freire, defendo que a aprendizagem para a transformação e justiça social seja uma prática social, política e pedagógica que ocorrerá quando as pessoas alcançarem um entendimento mais profundo, rico, com mais texturas e nuances de si próprias e de seu mundo.
Encceja: cenário de disputas na EJA
Authors: Catelli Jr. Roberto , Gisi Bruna , Serrao Luis Felipe
Published: September 2019

Com base no levantamento de documentos e da bibliografia existente, na análise de dados quantitativos e entrevistas qualitativas com gestores públicos, o artigo discute o processo de criação e implementação do Exame Nacional para Certificação de Competências de Jovens e Adultos (Encceja) em um cenário de disputas políticas sobre os caminhos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) no Brasil a partir de 2002. Sistematiza informações existentes sobre o Encceja e utiliza os dados produzidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep) na perspectiva de contribuir para o debate público sobre o tema da certificação na EJA.
Alfabetização matemática em classes multisseriadas de escolas ribeirinhas da Amazônia: atuação docente em foco
Authors: De Oliveira José , De Lucena Isabel Cristina
Published: September 2019

Problematiza a atuação de professores que ensinam matemática em classes multisseriadas de escolas ribeirinhas da Amazônia paraense. Enfatizaram-se questões acerca do ensino-aprendizagem, no âmbito da  alfabetização matemática, desenvolvidas em escolas situadas às margens ou nas proximidades dos rios da região nordeste do Pará. Os dados foram  construídos com base em informações dadas por seis professores em sete escolas municipais. Os resultados identificam que a alfabetização  matemática expressa no contexto ribeirinho ainda se restringe às experiências matemáticas estritamente baseadas em orientações didáticas e curriculares de âmbito global, sem levar em consideração a riqueza de possibilidades de conhecimentos sugeridas pelas experiências dos estudantes em seu contexto diário.
Desempenho psicomotor de escolares com dificuldades de aprendizagem em cálculos
Authors: Fernandes Cleonice , Dantas Paulo , Mourão-Carvalhal Maria Isabel
Published: September 2019

As dificuldades de aprendizagem (DA) apresentam-se como desafio porque dizem respeito a alunos com bom desempenho cognitivo e baixo desempenho escolar, sem razões aparentes, excluída deficiência mental, privações socioeconômicas, perturbação emocional severa ou perda sensorial. Vasta diversidade conceitual inclui teóricos que associam DA com baixo desempenho psicomotor. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se há correlação entre DA em cálculo e psimotricidade. Estudo descritivo e transversal com 37 escolares entre 7 e 12 anos com DA em cálculo constou dos testes cognitivo, acadêmico e psicomotor – lateralidade, noção de corpo e estruturação espaço-temporal. Verificou-se desempenho psicomotor bom, embora especificamente o fator espaço/tempo tenha mostrado correlação significativa com o desempenho matemático.
Docência em História: implicações das novas disposições curriculares do ensino médio
Authors: Pereira Nilton , Seffner Fernando , Meinerz Carla , Gil Carmem
Published: September 2019

Trata-se de um exercício de escrita inédito, resultado de reflexões realizadas pelo grupo de professores da área de ensino de História sobre o tema do ensino médio. A preocupação central é compreender o processo de mudanças no ensino médio propostas pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC) e pelos governos estaduais, na perspectiva do ensino de História. Abordamos quatro enfoques conceituais e teóricos: o primeiro refere-se à própria compreensão dos processos de mudanças propostos e sua relação com o ensino de História; o segundo refere-se à centralidade da pesquisa, que assume um caráter de operador estratégico do princípio da interdisciplinaridade e da contextualidade; o terceiro consiste na compreensão do papel dos agentes principais do ensino médio, que são os jovens e as culturas juvenis; o quarto diz respeito ao tema da memória e do patrimônio, uma vez que o ensino de História consiste em um movimento de criação/recriação da memória histórica.
A transposição didática na educação física escolar: o caminho formativo dos professores em formação inicial
Authors: Martiny Luis , Gomes-da-Silva Pierre
Published: September 2019

A fim de compreender as manipulações por que passam os saberes até se tornarem ensináveis, o objetivo foi identificar a prática pedagógica dos Professores em Formação Inicial (PFI) quando ministram aulas durante o estágio supervisionado. Participaram da investigação três PFI do curso de Educação Física da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). As técnicas de coleta foram: observação participante, grupo focal e documentos escritos. A pesquisa teve a duração de três meses e foi realizada em uma escola pública do município de João Pessoa, no Estado da Paraíba, no primeiro semestre de 2011. Nesse período, foram coletados dados em 24 aulas. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo do tipo categorial por temática. Na análise dos dados, identificou-se um caminho formativo, que auxilia os PFI na sua prática pedagógica, composto de três planos (macro, intermediário e microestruturante), com diferentes esferas e momentos. Esse caminho formativo configurou-se como base da prática pedagógica dos PFI, o que nos sinalizou uma prática com alta tendência reflexiva, constituída por uma intervenção repleta de saberes docentes. Acusa-se, portanto, que a transposição didática é mediada por uma atmosfera que gira ao seu redor.
Condições do trabalho docente: uma análise da carreira na rede municipal de ensino de São Paulo
Authors: Arelaro Lisete Regina , Jacomini Márcia , De Souza Nilson , Santos Kátia
Published: September 2019

A partir dos anos de 1990, Estados e municípios passaram a elaborar ou adequar os planos de carreira, cargos e salários dos profissionais do magistério em face das novas legislações: Constituição Federal de 1988, Emenda Constitucional nº 14 de 1996, Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional de 1996 e, mais recentemente, Resolução do CNE/CEB nº 2/2009, Parecer CNE/CEB nº 9/2009 e Lei nº 11.738/2008 (Lei do Piso). Considerando essa nova legislação, neste texto são analisadas as formas de ingresso, a composição da jornada de trabalho, a progressão na carreira e a composição da remuneração, com base na Lei nº 14.660/2007, que trata do plano de carreira dos profissionais do ensino da rede municipal de São Paulo. Verificou-se que em torno de 90% dos professores são efetivos; que há várias jornadas de trabalho, das quais numa delas 1/3 das horas é destinado a atividades extraclasse e o professor pode trabalhar até 70 horas semanais. A progressão funcional está baseada em títulos e tempo de serviço, embora a avaliação de desempenho esteja prevista na Lei. Apesar de o piso salarial ser superior ao piso nacional, por ser a cidade mais rica e com um dos maiores custos de vida do País, não se trata de uma remuneração que se destaca como exemplo de valorização do magistério.
Instruções aos Colaboradores
Authors: Executiva Editoria
Published: September 2019

APRESENTAÇÃO Criada em 1944, a Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (Rbep) é um periódico editado em formato impresso e eletrônico e tem periodicidade quadrimestral. Publica artigos inéditos de natureza técnicocientífica, resultantes de estudos e pesquisas que contribuam para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento educacional e que possam oferecer subsídios às decisões políticas na área. Seu público-leitor é formado por professores, pesquisadores e alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, técnicos e gestores da área de educação.