bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Mild and Chemoselective Hydrosilylation of α‐Keto Amides by Using a Cs2CO3/PMHS/2‐MeTHF System
Authors: Kumar Govindharaj , Muthukumar Alagesan , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: May 2017

A Cs2CO3‐catalyzed hydrosilylation reaction of α‐keto amides that proceeds through the in situ formation of MeSiH3 has been developed by using inexpensive polymethylhydrosiloxane in 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF) as the solvent. A wide range of aryl and alkyl α‐keto amides, prepared from anilines and alkylamines, were subjected to the hydrosilylation conditions to afford α‐hydroxy amides in moderate to excellent yields. This transition‐metal‐free protocol was applied to a chemoselective hydrosilylation, in which reduction occurred at the carbonyl of the α‐keto amide functionality over that of the simple ketone, and further extended to a gram‐scale protocol.
Rearrangement in Stereoretentive Syntheses of Menthyl Chloride from Menthol: Insight into Competing Reaction Pathways through Component Quantification Analysis
Authors: Hintermann Lukas , Wong Kit Ming
Published: May 2017

The enantiopure reagent menthyl chloride (2) is generally prepared from (–)‐(1R)‐menthol (1) with Lucas' reagent (ZnCl2 in conc. aqueous HCl) in a stereoretentive reaction that appeared to be free from accompanying rearrangements. The same was assumed for a recent synthesis of 2 through TiCl4‐catalyzed extrusion of SO2 from menthyl chlorosulfite (3). The products of both syntheses have now been analyzed by quantitative 1H and 13C NMR methods, and all reaction components have been identified down to the ≤ 0.5 mol‐% level. Either reaction is accompanied by cationic rearrangement to the considerable extent of 18–25 mol‐%. Besides the expected 2, neomenthylchloride (4) and five rearrangement products have been identified, among them three regioisomeric tertiary chloromenthanes (9, 10, 11), and both a secondary (12) and tertiary chloride (16) derived from ψ‐menthane (1‐isobutyl‐3‐methylcyclopentane). A scheme of rearrangement pathways starting from a common menthyl carbenium ion pair is derived. The effect of purification protocols on crude 2 has been studied quantitatively. Either selective solvolysis of tertiary sideproducts (98 mol‐% purity) or low‐temperature crystallization (≥ 97 mol‐% purity) was successful. An improved, scalable synthesis of 2 through the catalytic rearrangement of chlorosulfite 3 is reported.
Secondary Hydrothermally Processed Engineered Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Mali Sawanta S. , Shim Chang Su , Kim Hyungjin , Betty Chirayath A. , Patil Pramod S. , Hong Chang Kook
Published: May 2017

A secondary hydrothermal process was used to synthesize exotic hollow nanostructures of rutile TiO2 as an electron‐transport layer for perovskite solar cells. The prepared nanostructures were used in combination with methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite, and their photovoltaic properties were studied. This core–shell architecture of a perovskite enveloped by TiO2 provides an enhanced surface area, better contact with the perovskite because of the larger adsorption area, and effective light penetration. Our results revealed that the hollow nanoflowers exhibit a photocurrent density of 21.05 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit voltage of 0.916 V, and a fill factor of 0.66, which leads to a power conversion efficiency of 12.72 %. These results were also verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, the effect of the wetting time was studied, and our results revealed that a minimum time of 100 s is required for good penetration of a MAPbI3/γ‐butyrolactone solution.
Development of High Power Density Metal‐Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Tucker Michael C.
Published: May 2017

Symmetric‐structure metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS‐SOFCs) are fabricated by infiltrating catalysts on both anode and cathode side. Various aspects of the infiltration process are optimized. Performance is found to be sensitive to precursor dilution, catalyst loading, and catalyst calcining temperature. For an optimized cell with lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) as cathode and Sm0.2Ce0.8O2−δ mixed with Ni (SDCN) as anode, peak power densities of 0.44, 1.1, and 1.9 W cm−2 are achieved at 600, 700, and 800 °C, respectively. A fully symmetric MS‐SOFC with SDCN as both the anode and cathode sides achieves moderate peak power densities of 0.12, 0.37, and 0.76 W cm−2 at 600, 700, and 800 °C, respectively. A solvent‐based infiltration technique is also explored and found to be more effective than capillary forces alone but not as effective as vacuum infiltration.
Experimental study on a new type of earthquake resilient shear wall
Authors: Liu Qizhou , Jiang Huanjun
Published: May 2017

Reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls have been extensively used as lateral load resisting structural members in tall buildings. However, in the past, strong earthquake events RC structural walls in some buildings suffered severe damage, which concentrated at the bottom and was very difficult to be repaired. The installation of the replaceable corner components (RCCs) at the bottom of the structural wall is a new method to form an earthquake resilient structural wall whose function can be quickly restored by replacing the RCCs after the strong earthquake because of the damage concentrating on RCCs. In this study, a new kind of replaceable energy‐dissipation component installed at the bottom corner of RC structural walls was proposed. To study the seismic performance of the new structural wall with RCCs, the cyclic loading tests on three new structural wall specimens and one conventional RC structural wall specimen were conducted. One of the new structural wall specimens experienced replacement and reloading process to verify the feasibility of replacement. The results show that the structural behavior of all specimens was flexure dominating. The damage in the new shear specimens mainly concentrated on RCCs. The replacement of RCCs can be implemented conveniently after the residual deformation occurred in the structure. Compared with the conventional structural wall specimen, the seismic performance of new structural wall specimens was improved significantly. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptual design and full‐scale experimentation of cladding panel connection systems of precast buildings
Authors: Toniolo Giandomenico , Dal Lago Bruno
Published: May 2017

Despite the long series of European research projects that has led to the setting of fully reliable seismic design criteria for precast structures, recent earthquakes have shown that a weak point still exists in the proportioning of the connection systems of cladding wall panels. Following this finding, this paper outlines an organic setting of the design problem of precast concrete structures including cladding–structure interaction and describes three possible solutions, namely, the isostatic, integrated, and dissipative systems. The related fastening arrangements, with the use of existing and innovative connection devices, are also described. This paper comments on the results of the pseudo‐dynamic and cyclic tests performed at ELSA Laboratory of the European Joint Research Centre of Ispra (Italy) on a full‐scale prototype of precast structure. The conception and the experimental performance of the structure with nine different configurations of either vertical or horizontal wall panel claddings are presented. The analysis of the results highlights the effectiveness of the different solutions in a comparative way. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meltwater erosion process of frozen soil as affected by thawed depth under concentrated flow in high altitude and cold regions
Authors: Ban Yunyun , Lei Tingwu , Chen Chao , Yin Zhe , Qian Dengfeng
Published: May 2017

Changes in thawed depth of frozen soil caused by diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations are commonly found in high altitude and latitude regions of the world. These changes significantly influence hydrologic and erosion processes. Experimental data are necessary to improve the understanding and modeling of the phenomenon. Laboratory experiments were conducted in Beijing to assess the impacts of thawed soil depth, slope gradient, and flow rate on soil erosion by concentrated meltwater flow over an underlying frozen soil layer. Soil samples from watershed were filled in flumes, saturated before being frozen. After the soil was completely frozen, flumes were taken out of storage to thaw the frozen soil from top to the designed depths. Meltwater flow was simulated using a tank filled with water and icecubes at approximately 0°C. The erosion experiments involved four thawed soil depths of 1, 2, 5, and 10 cm; three slope gradients of 5°, 10°, and 15°; and three flow rates of 1, 2, and 4 l/min; and seven rill lengths of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 m. Sediment‐laden water samples were collected at the lower end of the flume for determination of sediment concentration. The results showed that sediment concentration increased exponentially with rill length to approach a maximum value. The sediment concentrations were closely correlated with thawed soil depth, flow rate, and slope gradient. Shallower thawed depths delivered more sediments than deeper thawed depths. Slope gradient was the primary factor responsible for severe erosion. The effect of flow rate on sediment concentration which decreased with increasing slope gradient, was not as significant as that of slope gradient. Results from these experiments are useful for understanding the effect of thawed soil depth on erosion process in thawed soils subject to freezing and for estimating erosion model parameters. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of MLH1 expression on tumor evolution after curative surgical tumor resection in a murine orthotopic xenograft model for human MSI colon cancer
Authors: Meunier Katy , Ferron Marianne , Calmel Claire , Fléjou Jean‐François , Pocard Marc , Praz Françoise
Published: May 2017

Colorectal cancers (CRCs) displaying microsatellite instability (MSI) most often result from MLH1 deficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of MLH1 expression per se on tumor evolution after curative surgical resection using a xenograft tumor model. Transplantable tumors established with the human MLH1‐deficient HCT116 cell line and its MLH1‐complemented isogenic clone, mlh1‐3, were implanted onto the caecum of NOD/SCID mice. Curative surgical resection was performed at day 10 in half of the animals. The HCT116‐derived tumors were more voluminous compared to the mlh1‐3 ones (P = .001). Lymph node metastases and peritoneal carcinomatosis occurred significantly more often in the group of mice grafted with HCT116 (P = .007 and P = .035, respectively). Mlh1‐3‐grafted mice did not develop peritoneal carcinomatosis or liver metastasis. After surgical resection, lymph node metastases only arose in the group of mice implanted with HCT116 and the rate of cure was significantly lower than in the mlh1‐3 group (P = .047). The murine orthotopic xenograft model based on isogenic human CRC cell lines allowed us to reveal the impact of MLH1 expression on tumor evolution in mice who underwent curative surgical resection and in mice whose tumor was left in situ. Our data indicate that the behavior of MLH1‐deficient CRC is not only governed by mutations arising in genes harboring microsatellite repeated sequences but also from their defect in MLH1 as such.
Relationship between iodine levels and papillary thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Joon‐Hyop , Hwang Yunji , Song Ra‐Yeong , Yi Jin Wook , Yu Hyeong Won , Kim Su‐jin , Chai Young Jun , Choi June Young , Lee Kyu Eun , Park Sue K.
Published: May 2017

Background

Iodine excess has been suggested as an exogenous risk factor of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the relationship between iodine exposure measured in various forms and PTC prevalence.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for case‐control studies on iodine and PTC published up to December 2015. Exposure to iodine was compared between PTC and control groups.

Results

From the 16 selected studies, the odds ratio (OR) for the overall effect size between high iodine exposure and PTC risk was 1.418 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.054‐1.909). Based on 7 studies conducted in high iodinated regions, a positive association between iodine exposure and PTC was observed (OR 2.200; 95% CI 1.389‐3.483).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated a higher exposure to iodine in patients with PTC compared with controls, especially for patients from high iodinated regions.
Mathematical model of direct reduction in multilayer pellets made of metallurgical dust in a rotary hearth furnace
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Wen , Zhou Zhongmu , Xu Yang , Wang Long
Published: May 2017

A mathematical model of direct reduction of metallurgical dust pellet layers has been established in a rotary hearth furnace. The effects of radiation shielding of the upper layer to lower layer and the heating effects of the hearth were considered in the model. The control equations of the model were discretized into algebraic equations based on the control volume integration method and numerically solved by the alternating direction implicit method. The effects of pellet arrangement, furnace temperature, and the height of the pellet layer were investigated by the model. The results show that staggered arrangement of metallurgical dust pellets can improve average temperature of pellet layer. Thus, the degree of metallization and zinc removal rate of the pellet layer are improved. With the increase of furnace temperature, degree of metallization increases rapidly. Compared with iron oxide reductions, furnace temperature has less effect on zinc removal rate. With the height of pellet bed increasing to four layers, both degree of metallization and zinc removal rate of the fourth layer are slightly higher than that of the third layer. After heating for 15 min, extending heating time has little influence on zinc removal rate of each layer.
MHD mass transfer flow past an inclined plate with variable temperature and plate velocity embedded in a porous medium
Authors: Agarwalla Suman , Ahmed Nazibuddin
Published: May 2017

An exact solution of unsteady MHD free convective mass transfer flow past an infinite inclined plate embedded in a saturated porous medium with variable plate velocity, temperature, and mass diffusion has been presented. An attempt has been made to analyze the Soret effect and the influence of the angle of inclination on the flow and transport properties, in the presence of thermal radiation, heat source, and chemical reaction. The equations governing the flow, heat, and mass transfer are solved by employing the Laplace transform technique, in closed form. The variations in fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are shown graphically whereas the numerical values of shear stress, the rate of heat transfer, and the rate of mass transfer from the plate to the fluid are presented in tabular form for various values of the flow parameters. The results show that the flow is accelerated due to the Soret effect while the angle of inclination sustains a retarding effect on fluid velocity. Further it is observed that the viscous drag at the plate and the mass diffusion from the plate to the fluid decrease under the influence of thermal diffusion.
Numerical simulations of the influence of Brownian and gravitational forces on the stability of CuO nanoparticles by the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach
Authors: Aminfar Habib , Mohammadpourfard Mousa , Mortezazadeh Ramin
Published: May 2017

This study investigates the influence of Brownian and gravitational forces on the velocity and transport of induced CuO nanoparticles in oil. Moreover, the concept of gravitational sedimentation and colloidal stability have been taken into consideration to give more physical insight about how these forces influence on the particle's displacement. For this purpose, the Lagrangian method has been proposed to compute the instantaneous location of the interested nanoparticle while the continuous medium behaviors are reflected by an Eulerian description. The relative concentration of the nanoparticles is measured to support the physical validity of the numerical procedure. It is observed that the predictions of the present Euler–Lagrange model are in good agreement with the reported experimental data in the literature. In the absence of the gravitational force, the velocity magnitude of the nanoparticles is decreased and the Brownian motion keeps the dispersion stable. The velocity of nanoparticles in the presence of the gravity field is in order of 10−9 while its velocity is in the order of 10−15 m/s to 10−14 m/s in the absence of gravity field.
Maternal near miss in low‐resource areas
Authors: Goldenberg Robert L. , Saleem Sarah , Ali Sumera , Moore Janet L. , Lokangako Adrien , Tshefu Antoinette , Mwenechanya Musaku , Chomba Elwyn , Garces Ana , Figueroa Lester , Goudar Shivaprasad , Kodkany Bhalachandra , Patel Archana , Esamai Fabian , Nsyonge Paul , Harrison Margo S. , Bauserman Melissa , Bose Carl L. , Krebs Nancy F. , Hambidge K. Michael , Derman Richard J. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Liechty Edward A. , Wallace Dennis D. , Belizan Jose M. , Miodovnik Menachem , Koso‐Thomas Marion , Carlo Waldemar A. , Jobe Alan H. , McClure Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2017

Objective

To describe the Global Network Near‐Miss Maternal Mortality System and its application in seven sites.

Methods

In a population‐based study, pregnant women eligible for enrollment in the Maternal and Newborn Health Registry at seven sites (Democratic Republic of the Congo; Guatemala; Belagavi and Nagpur, India; Kenya; Pakistan; and Zambia) between January 2014 and April 2016 were screened to identify those likely to have a near‐miss event. The WHO maternal near‐miss criteria were modified for low‐resource settings. The ratio of near‐miss events to maternal deaths was calculated.

Results

Among 122 707 women screened, 18 307 (15.0%) had a potential near‐miss event, of whom 4866 (26.6%; 4.0% of all women) had a near‐miss maternal event. The overall maternal mortality ratio was 155 per 100 000 live births. The ratio of near‐miss events to maternal deaths was 26 to 1. The most common factors involved in near‐miss cases were the hematologic/coagulation system, infection, and cardiovascular system.

Conclusion

By using the Global Network Near‐Miss Maternal Mortality System, large numbers of women were screened for near‐miss events, including those delivering at home or a low‐level maternity clinic. The 4.0% incidence of near‐miss maternal mortality is similar to previously reported data. The ratio of 26 near‐miss cases to 1 maternal death suggests that near miss might evaluate the impact of interventions more efficiently than maternal mortality.
Retracted: Activation of the Nrf2‐ARE Signaling Pathway Prevents Hyperphosphatemia‐Induced Vascular Calcification by Inducing Autophagy in Renal Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Yao Li , Wang Jian , Tian Bin‐Yao , Xu Tian‐Hua , Sheng Zi‐Tong
Published: May 2017

This study investigates the effect of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2‐antioxidant response element (Nrf2‐ARE) signaling pathway in vascular calcification (VC) via inducing Autophagy in renal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VSMCs were assigned into six experimental groups: the normal control, high phosphorus, si‐negative control (si‐NC), Nrf2‐siRNA, over‐expressed Nrf2, and negative control (NC) groups. RT‐PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of the desired Nrf2‐ARE signaling pathway‐related genes (Nrf2, NQO‐1, HO‐1, γ‐GCS). The protein products of these genes: apoptosis‐related genes (LC3I and LC3II), osteogenic marker proetins (Runt‐related transcription factor 2) Runx2 and BMP2 were all detected by Western blotting. Autophagosomes in VSMCs were observed under a transmission electron microscope. We discovered an increased calcium ion concentration and upregulated Runx2, BMP2, Nrf2, HO‐1, γ‐GCS, NQO‐1, and LC3II/LC3I expressions in the high phosphorous, si‐NC and Nrf2‐siRNA, and NC groups, compared with the normal control group. Compared to the high phosphorus and si‐NC groups, higher levels of Runx2 and BMP2 but decreased Nrf2, HO‐1, γ‐GCS, NQO‐1, and LC3II/LC3I expressions were detected in the Nrf2‐siRNA group. The high phosphorus, si‐NC and over‐expressed Nrf2 experimental groups all had increased Nrf2, NQO‐1, HO‐1, γ‐GCS, and LC3II/LC3I expressions as well as high numbers of autophagosomes compared with the normal control group. Finally, we detected a lower amount of autophagosomes presence and Nrf2, NQO‐1, HO‐1 γ‐GCS, and LC3II/LC3 protein expression of Nrf2‐siRNA group than that of the high phosphorus and si‐NC groups. Activation of Nrf2‐ARE signaling pathway may prevent hyperphosphatemia‐induced VC by inducing autophagy in VSMCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4708–4715, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Loss of TET1 facilitates DLD1 colon cancer cell migration via H3K27me3‐mediated down‐regulation of E‐cadherin
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Zhang Hong‐Sheng , Liu Yang , Zhang Zhong‐Guo , Du Guang‐Yuan , Li Hu , Yu Xiao‐Ying , Huang Ying‐Hui
Published: May 2017

Epigenetic modifications such as histone modifications and cytosine hydroxymethylation are linked to tumorigenesis. Loss of 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC) by ten‐eleven translocation 1 (TET1) down‐regulation facilitates tumor initiation and development. However, the mechanisms by which loss of TET1 knockdown promotes malignancy development remains unclear. Here, we report that TET1 knockdown induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion in DLD1 cells. Loss of TET1 increased EZH2 expression and reduced UTX‐1 expression, thus increasing histone H3K27 tri‐methylation causing repression of the target gene E‐cadherin. Ectopic expression of the H3K27 demethylase UTX‐1 or EZH2 depletion both impeded EZH2 binding caused a loss of H3K27 methylation at epithelial gene E‐cadherin promoter, thereby suppressing EMT and tumor invasion in shTET1 cells. Conversely, UTX‐1 depletion and ectopic expression of EZH2 enhanced EMT and tumor metastasis in DLD1 cells. These findings provide insight into the regulation of TET1 and E‐cadherin and identify EZH2 as a critical mediator of E‐cadherin repression and tumor progression.
Psoas muscle area is not representative of total skeletal muscle area in the assessment of sarcopenia in ovarian cancer
Authors: Rutten Iris J.G. , Ubachs Jorne , Kruitwagen Roy F.P.M. , Beets‐Tan Regina G.H. , Olde Damink Steven W.M. , Van Gorp Toon
Published: May 2017

Background

Computed tomography measurements of total skeletal muscle area can detect changes and predict overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. This study investigates whether assessment of psoas muscle area reflects total muscle area and can be used to assess sarcopenia in ovarian cancer patients.

Methods

Ovarian cancer patients (n = 150) treated with induction chemotherapy and interval debulking were enrolled retrospectively in this longitudinal study. Muscle was measured cross sectionally with computed tomography in three ways: (i) software quantification of total skeletal muscle area (SMA); (ii) software quantification of psoas muscle area (PA); and (iii) manual measurement of length and width of the psoas muscle to derive the psoas surface area (PLW). Pearson correlation between the different methods was studied. Patients were divided into two groups based on the extent of change in muscle area, and agreement was measured with kappa coefficients. Cox‐regression was used to test predictors for OS.

Results

Correlation between SMA and both psoas muscle area measurements was poor (r = 0.52 and 0.39 for PA and PLW, respectively). After categorizing patients into muscle loss or gain, kappa agreement was also poor for all comparisons (all κ < 0.40). In regression analysis, SMA loss was predictive of poor OS (hazard ratio 1.698 (95%CI 1.038–2.778), P = 0.035). No relationship with OS was seen for PA or PLW loss.

Conclusions

Change in psoas muscle area is not representative of total muscle area change and should not be used to substitute total skeletal muscle to predict survival in patients with ovarian cancer.
Long‐term outcomes and recurrence patterns of standard versus extended pancreatectomy for pancreatic head cancer: a multicenter prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Jang Jin‐Young , Kang Jae Seung , Han Youngmin , Heo Jin Seok , Choi Seong Ho , Choi Dong Wook , Park Sang Jae , Han Sung‐Sik , Yoon Dong Sup , Park Joon Seong , Yu Hee Chul , Kang Koo Jeong , Kim Sang Geol , Lee Hongeun , Kwon Wooil , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Han Ho‐Seong , Kim Sun‐Whe
Published: May 2017

Background

Our previous randomized controlled trial revealed no difference in 2‐year overall survival (OS) between extended and standard resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The present study evaluated the 5‐year OS and recurrence patterns according to the extent of pancreatectomy.

Methods

Between 2006 and 2009, 169 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled and randomized to standard (n = 83) or extended resection (n = 86) groups to compare 5‐year OS rate, long‐term recurrence patterns and factors associated with long‐term survival.

Results

The surgical R0 rate was similar between the standard and extended groups (85.5 vs. 90.7%, P = 0.300). Five‐year OS (18.4 vs. 14.4%, P = 0.388), 5‐year disease‐free survival (14.8 vs. 14.0%, P = 0.531), and overall recurrence rates (74.7 vs. 69.9%, P = 0.497) were not significantly different between the two groups, although the incidence of peritoneal seeding was higher in the extended group (25 vs. 8.1%, P = 0.014).

Conclusions

Extended pancreatectomy does not have better short‐term and long‐term survival outcomes, and shows similar R0 rates and overall recurrence rates compared with standard pancreatectomy. Extended pancreatectomy does not have to be performed routinely for all cases of resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma, especially considering its associated increased morbidity shown in our previous study.
Patient reported outcomes in orthopaedics
Authors: Gagnier Joel J.
Published: May 2017

Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are key tools when performing clinical research and PROM data are increasingly used to inform clinical decision‐making, patient‐centered care, health policy and more recently, reimbursement decisions. PROMs must possess particular properties before they are used. Thus purpose of this paper is to give an overview of PROMs, their definition, how their evidence can be assessed, how they should be reported in clinical research, how to choose PROMs, the types of PROMs available in orthopaedics, where these measures can be found, PROMs in orthopaedic clinical practice and what are some key next steps in this field. If PROMs are used in accordance with the guidance in this article, I believe we will gain considerable insight into PROMs in orthopaedics and will advance this field in a way that can contribute to science, improve patient care and save considerable resources. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2098–2108, 2017.
Mechanically induced bone formation is not sensitive to local osteocyte density in rat vertebral cancellous bone
Authors: Cresswell Erin N. , Nguyen Thu M. , Horsfield Michael W. , Alepuz Adrian J. , Metzger Thomas A. , Niebur Glen L. , Hernandez Christopher J.
Published: May 2017

Osteocytes play an integral role in bone by sensing mechanical stimuli and releasing signaling factors that direct bone formation. The importance of osteocytes in mechanotransduction suggests that regions of bone tissue with greater osteocyte populations are more responsive to mechanical stimuli. To determine the effects of osteocyte population on bone functional adaptation we applied mechanical loads to the 8th caudal vertebra of skeletally mature female Sprague Dawley rats (6 months of age, n = 8 loaded, n = 8 sham controls). The distribution of tissue stress/strain within cancellous bone was determined using high‐resolution finite element models, osteocyte distribution was determined using nano‐computed tomography, and locations of bone formation were determined using three‐dimensional images of fluorescent bone formation markers. Loading increased bone formation (3D MS/BS 10.82 ± 2.09% in loaded v. 3.17 ± 2.05% in sham control, mean ± SD). Bone formation occurred at regions of cancellous bone experiencing greater tissue stress/strain, however stress/strain was only a modest predictor of bone formation; even at locations of greatest stress/strain the probability of observing bone formation did not exceed 41%. The local osteocyte population was not correlated with locations of new bone formation. The findings support the idea that local tissue stress/strain influence the locations of bone formation in cancellous bone, but suggest that the size of the osteocyte population itself is not influential. We conclude that other aspects of osteocytes such as osteocyte connectivity, lacunocanilicular nano‐geometry, and/or fluid pressure/shear distributions within the marrow space may be more influential in regulating bone mechanotransduction than the number of osteocytes. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:672–681, 2018.
Liver transplantation for unresectable colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review
Authors: Moris Dimitrios , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Chakedis Jeffery , Beal Eliza W. , Felekouras Evangelos , Vernadakis Spiridon , Schizas Dimitrios , Fung John J. , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: May 2017

The use of liver transplantation (LT) for liver metastases attempted in the early 1990's was associated with poor perioperative outcomes and unacceptably low overall survival. Recently, there has been renewed interest in LT as a treatment option for colorectal liver metastases (CLM) in countries where organ supply is high. To date, no meticulous analysis about the efficacy, safety and outcomes of LT in CLM patients has been published. We present the first systematic review on the subject.
REMSleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease and Other Synucleinopathies
Authors: St Louis Erik K. , Boeve Angelica R. , Boeve Bradley F.
Published: May 2017

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is characterized by dream enactment and complex motor behaviors during rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep atonia loss (rapid eye movement sleep without atonia) during polysomnography. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder may be idiopathic or symptomatic and in both settings is highly associated with synucleinopathy neurodegeneration, especially Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, and pure autonomic failure. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder frequently manifests years to decades prior to overt motor, cognitive, or autonomic impairments as the presenting manifestation of synucleinopathy, along with other subtler prodromal “soft” signs of hyposmia, constipation, and orthostatic hypotension. Between 35% and 91.9% of patients initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder at a sleep center later develop a defined neurodegenerative disease. Less is known about the long‐term prognosis of community‐dwelling younger patients, especially women, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder associated with antidepressant medications. Patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder are frequently prone to sleep‐related injuries and should be treated to prevent injury with either melatonin 3‐12 mg or clonazepam 0.5‐2.0 mg to limit injury potential. Further evidence‐based studies about rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder are greatly needed, both to enable accurate prognostic prediction of end synucleinopathy phenotypes for individual patients and to support the application of symptomatic and neuroprotective therapies. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder as a prodromal synucleinopathy represents a defined time point at which neuroprotective therapies could potentially be applied for the prevention of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, and pure autonomic failure. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Exact solutions of Calgero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation using the singular manifold method after Lie reductions
Authors: Saleh R. , Kassem M. , Mabrouk S.
Published: May 2017

Calgero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff (CBS) equation is analytically solved through two successive reductions into an ordinary differential equation (ODE) through a set of optimal Lie vectors. During the second reduction step, CBS equation is reduced using hidden vectors. The resulting ODE is then analytically solved through the singular manifold method in three steps; First, a Bäcklund truncated series is obtained. Second, this series is inserted into the ODE, and finally, a seminal analysis leads to a Schwarzian differential equation in the eigenfunction φ(η). Solving this differential equation leads to new analytical solutions. Then, through two backward substitution steps, the original dependent variable is recovered. The obtained results are plotted for several Lie hidden vectors and compared with previous work on CBS equation using Lie transformations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Damping Functions correct over‐dissipation of the Smagorinsky Model
Authors: Pakzad Ali
Published: May 2017

This paper studies the time‐averaged energy dissipation rate ⟨εSMD(u)⟩ for the combination of the Smagorinsky model and damping function. The Smagorinsky model is well known to over‐damp. One common correction is to include damping functions that reduce the effects of model viscosity near walls. Mathematical analysis is given here that allows evaluation of ⟨εSMD(u)⟩ for any damping function. Moreover, the analysis motivates a modified van Driest damping. It is proven that the combination of the Smagorinsky with this modified damping function does not over‐dissipate and is also consistent with Kolmogorov phenomenology. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some new properties of the Riesz probability distribution
Authors: Hassairi A. , Lajmi S. , Zine R.
Published: May 2017

The Riesz probability distribution on any symmetric cone and, in particular, on the cone of positive definite symmetric matrices represents an important generalization of the Wishart and of the matrix gamma distributions containing them as particular examples. The present paper is a continuation of the investigation of the properties of this probability distribution. We first establish a property of invariance of this probability distributions by a subgroup of the orthogonal group. We then show that the Pierce components of a Riesz random variable are independent, and we determine their probability distributions. Some moments and some useful expectations related to the Riesz probability distribution are also calculated. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of protein emulsion in food impacts intestinal microbiota, caecal luminal content composition and distal intestine characteristics in rats
Authors: Beaumont Martin , Jaoui Daphné , Douard Véronique , Mat Damien , Koeth Fanny , Goustard Bénédicte , Mayeur Camille , Mondot Stanislas , Hovaghimian Anais , Le Feunteun Steven , Chaumontet Catherine , Davila Anne‐Marie , Tomé Daniel , Souchon Isabelle , Michon Camille , Fromentin Gilles , Blachier François , Leclerc Marion
Published: May 2017

Scope

Few studies have evaluated in vivo the impact of food structure on digestion, absorption of nutrients and on microbiota composition and metabolism. In this study we evaluated in rat the impact of two structures of protein emulsion in food on gut microbiota, luminal content composition, and intestinal characteristics.

Methods and results

Rats received for 3 weeks two diets of identical composition but based on lipid‐protein matrices of liquid fine (LFE) or gelled coarse (GCE) emulsion. LFE diet led to higher abundance, when compared to the GCE, of Lactobacillaceae (Lactobacillus reuteri) in the ileum, higher β‐diversity of the caecum mucus‐associated bacteria. In contrast, the LFE diet led to a decrease in Akkermansia municiphila in the caecum. This coincided with heavier caecum content and higher amount of isovalerate in the LFE group. LFE diet induced an increased expression of (i) amino acid transporters in the ileum (ii) glucagon in the caecum, together with an elevated level of GLP‐1 in portal plasma. However, these intestinal effects were not associated with modification of food intake or body weight gain.

Conclusion

Overall, the structure of protein emulsion in food affects the expression of amino acid transporters and gut peptides concomitantly with modification of the gut microbiota composition and activity. Our data suggest that these effects of the emulsion structure are the result of a modification of protein digestion properties.
Modified rectangular shape patch antennas for ultra‐wide band and notch characteristics response
Authors: Deshmukh Amit A. , Mohadikar Payal V.
Published: May 2017

Novel designs of modified rectangular shape printed monopole antenna for Ultra wide band response are proposed, which gives bandwidth across 1GHz–10 GHz range. Further two variations of rectangular shape patches to realize tunable notch characteristics, are also presented. They yield tunable notch characteristics in two different frequency bands. Proposed antennas give broadside radiation pattern with peak gain of 2 dBi.
Wavefront spatial‐phase modulation in visible optical communications
Authors: Sabino João , Figueira Gonçalo , André Paulo
Published: May 2017

Visible light communications (VLC) are an essential technology in the future 5G networks. In this article, for the first time to best of our knowledge, we introduce the concept of wavefront spatial‐phase modulation VLC transmission, using spatial light modulators. The implemented system exhibits a signal to noise ratio of 18 dB, with a total capacity higher than 1 Gbaud/s.
Switched beam patch array antenna using SPDT GaN HEMT switches
Authors: Hamdoun Abdelaziz , Himdi Mohammed , Lafond Olivier , Roy Langis
Published: May 2017

In this article, a single‐fed 4‐panel 4 × 1 patch array antenna operating at 2.43 GHz with switched beam capability is proposed. The design allows the beam to be switched between 4 discrete directions giving 360° coverage. The antenna beam is switched over the azimuth plane for Φ = 0°, Φ = 90°, Φ = 180°, and Φ = 270°. The beam control is achieved using GaN‐based HEMT SPDT switches. Only 3 SPDT switches are integrated directly into the structure, allowing its nature to be electrically controlled over the desired 4 directions. Simulated and measured reflection coefficients and radiation patterns for the 4 cases are presented and discussed, showing good agreement. The antenna gain is around 3.8 dB including switches losses at 2.43 GHz.
Differential voltage octuple rectifiers for wireless energy harvesting
Authors: Zeng Miaowang , Li Zihong , Andrenko Andrey S. , Liu Xianluo , Tan Hong‐Zhou
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the design of a novel differential voltage octuple rectifier for wireless RF energy harvesting. Two rectifiers with common matching (CM) and two‐branch matching (TBM) are presented for the CDMA850/GSM900 bands operation. Measured maximum efficiencies of CM and TBM rectifiers reach 66.5% and 70.6%, respectively. The results also show that both matching network‐type rectifiers can produce higher output voltage. It is demonstrated that the designed rectifier‐antenna structure powers up a battery‐less LCD sensor by harvesting RF signal of a dialing cell phone. The proposed rectifier topology and matching mechanisms can be used for various energy harvesting applications, especially for those requiring high supply voltage.
Compact lotus shape dual band patch antenna for Bluetooth and ultra wideband applications
Authors: Samsuzzaman M. , Mahmud M. Z. , Tarikul Islam M. , Ali M. M. , Islam M. T.
Published: May 2017

A compact lotus shape dual band microstrip patch antenna is presented in this article. Dual‐band operation for both Bluetooth and ultra wideband (UWB) is covered with low profile, enriched gain, and small size. The lotus shape patch and Sawtooth ground provide smooth impedance bandwidth, and dual band characteristics are achieved. In lower frequency, the antenna cover about 300 MHz from 2.3 to 2.6 GHz (Bluetooth), while in upper frequency, bandwidth is about 7.7 GHz from 3.3 to 12 GHz which covers UWB band. With a dimension of 44 × 42 mm2, the proposed antenna is fed by a microstrip fed line and printed on less expensive FR‐4 substrate. The simulated and measured result of impedance, radiation pattern, gain, and efficiency are fair enough. This antenna shows an omnidirectional radiation pattern across the integrated Bluetooth and UWB bands both theoretically and experimentally. With an excellent impulse response, high fidelity, and quality factor, the proposed antenna is suitable for using dual band frequency of both Bluetooth and UWB without interference between each other.
Compact dual‐band bandpass filters with stub resonating lines
Authors: Abu Safia Ousama , Nedil Mourad , Yagoub Mustapha C. E. , Talbi Larbi , Hettak Khelifa
Published: May 2017

Several new compact microstrip dual‐band bandpass filters using admittance inverters and open‐ended resonating stubs are introduced. Operating at the center‐band frequencies of 1.8 and 2.4 GHz, with moderate bandwidth passbands, the proposed devices are suitable for LTE mobile cellular networks and Wi‐Fi technologies. The design procedure includes the use of simple equations to extract the lumped element values of the circuit model. Next, the equivalent distributed layout which consists of 3 admittance inverters and 4 shunt‐connected stubs (two λg/2 and two λg/2) is presented. The design is adjusted to attain further enhancement in the electrical and physical characteristics. These include spurious passband suppression, layout miniaturization, and reduction in the capacitive coupling between stubs. Measured responses are compared with simulated results, and very good agreement is observed. These features make the proposed filters suitable for integration into various microwave planar technologies.
A 4.6‐GHz low‐phase‐noise differential common‐gate Clapp VCO with simplified common‐mode biasing
Authors: Din Amad Ud , Nghia Nguyen Tai , Phan Huu Nhan , Nguyen Khac Vu , Lee Jong‐Wook
Published: May 2017

We present a new differential Clapp voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) suitable for low‐voltage scaled‐down CMOS technology. For loss compensation, the Clapp VCO uses a common‐gate topology that provides higher transconductance than that of the conventional common‐drain configuration. To provide reliable start‐up condition for the Clapp VCO, a small inductor is added at the gate of a transistor in the common‐gate configuration. The new configuration also simplifies DC biasing while providing a suitable common‐mode point for varactor tuning. All of these features allow the Clapp VCO to operate under low‐voltage and low‐power conditions. The fabricated Clapp VCO using 0.18‐μm RFCMOS achieves an excellent phase noise performance of −121 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset from 4.6 GHz. Under a supply voltage of 1.0 V and a power consumption of 4.2 mW, the figure‐of‐merit (FOM) is −188 dBc/Hz.
An ultra‐wide band diversity antenna with band‐rejection capability for imaging applications
Authors: Latif Farah , Tahir Farooq A. , Khan Muhammad U. , Sharawi Mohammad S.
Published: May 2017

In this paper, a 2‐element UWB‐MIMO antenna system is proposed for imaging applications. Each antenna element consists of semi‐circular slot excited by 50 Ω microstrip transmission lines. Two small stubs are used on both sides of the microstrip lines for better impedance matching at higher frequencies. The band‐rejection at WLAN (5.15–5.825 GHz) band is achieved through a U‐shaped slot in the feeding transmission line. The antenna works efficiently from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, covering the entire standard UWB. Slots in the ground plane are introduced to improve the isolation level between the antenna elements. A minimum isolation of 20 dB is attained in the entire operating band. The proposed antenna has a size of 58 × 27
. Good agreement is obtained between simulated and measured results for reflection coefficient, isolation and consistent radiation patterns over the entire operating band that makes it promising candidate for medical imaging application in UWB.
Investigation of the self‐imaging position of a singlemode‐multimode‐singlemode optical fiber structure
Authors: Wang Xianfan , Lewis Elfed , Wang Pengfei
Published: May 2017

In this paper, a theoretical and experimental investigation of the multimode interference induced self‐imaging phenomenon in a singlemode‐multimode‐singlemode (SMS) fiber structure is described. The simulated transmission spectra based on guided modal propagation analysis and beam propagation method are presented and compared with experimental obtained results. The temperature dependence of the self‐imaging position of the SMS fiber structure is also investigated. These investigations provide excellent opportunities for multiple future applications including telecommunications and sensing.
A new technique to fabricate cylindrical frequency selective surface using aluminium foil paper
Authors: Sarkar S. , Samaddar P. , Begam N. , Sarkar D. C. , Sarkar P. P.
Published: May 2017

This letter presents a new technique to fabricate aperture type cylindrical frequency selective surface (FSS) with circular, tripole, and plus shaped element. The cylindrical FSSs exhibit band pass property from 5 to 9 GHz, 11.75 to 14.75 GHz, and 7 to 14 GHz, respectively. A novel method with aluminium foil paper is suggested for fabrication. Cylindrical FSS is fabricated with this technique in laboratory with commercially available aluminium foil paper and is measured practically. In this technique, with the help of laser cutting machine 0.01 mm precision label can be achieved. Both simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The aluminium foil paper made FSS proved to be very light weight, flexible and low cost.
Dual feed MIMO cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with high isolation
Authors: Das Gourab , Sharma Anand , Gangwar Ravi Kumar
Published: May 2017

A cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) applications is examined in this article. Proposed MIMO radiator achieves high isolation by generating orthogonal modes in CDRA with the help of dual feeding techniques, that is, aperture coupling (port‐1) and coplanar waveguide (port‐2) techniques. The fractional bandwidth for both port‐1 and port‐2 is 11.5% (4.9–5.5 GHz). The isolation in operating band between port‐1 and port‐2 exceed more than 32dB. For validating the optimized simulated results, the archetype of proposed MIMO antenna is fabricated and tested. The diversity performance of proposed structure is also examined and experimentally verified. The proposed radiator is found appropriate for 5.2 GHz WLAN application.
A 224–448 MHz low‐power fully integrated phase‐locked loop using 0.18‐μm CMOS process
Authors: Tsai Jeng‐Han , Lin Chia‐Lung , Kuo Yin‐Ting
Published: May 2017

A 224‐448 MHz low‐power fully integrated phase‐locked loop (PLL) is designed and implemented in standard 0.18‐μm CMOS process. For wide tuning rage and compact circuit size, a differential ring‐type voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) is adopted. The replica bias circuit is added to provide the required voltage for the delay cell of the VCO. For low dc consumption, a high‐speed true single phase clock (TSPC) divider is used. The PLL achieves wide operating frequency from 224 to 448 MHz with low dc power consumption of 2.62 mW from 1.8 V voltage supply. The measured phase noises are −98 and −115 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz and 10 MHz frequency offsets, respectively.