bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on laparoscopic appendectomy at emergency theatre in B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
Authors: Mandal Subhash Chandra , Aryal Shiva Sharma , Adhikary Shailesh
Published: September 2021

Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy is gaining its popularity as it has better patient compliance. Despite of not being “gold standard”, laparoscopic appendectomy is widely practiced in emergency setting and has become patient’s as well as surgeon’s choice of treatment. Our aim is to acknowledge the advantage and importance of laparoscopic appendectomy at emergency in a retrospective study. Our main objective was to study the efficacy of laparoscopic appendectomy, patients’ demographic profile as well as conversion rate of laparoscopic appendectomy to open appendectomy.Methods: This hospital based retrospective study was carried among 54 patients who had undergone emergency laparoscopic appendectomy at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) between March and April, 2016. The patient’s file was collected from medical record section, studied and analyzed.Results: During the study, it was observed that most of the patients were female (62.97%) and the patients were mostly between 20 to 40 years of age (Mean age 27 years±10.88 SD). Most of the patients presented within 24 hours of onset of symptoms, most commonly with pain in lower abdomen associated mostly with vomiting. Out of 54 patients, 48 patients (88.89%) were diagnosed with acute appendicitis. Frankly speaking, laparoscopic appendectomy was associated with shorter hospital stay (around 3 days) and also has less conversion rate (11.11%). There were minimal post-operative complications without any case of redo and mortality.Conclusions: Laparoscopic appendectomy is safe and efficient procedure with shorter hospital stay and less post-operative complication.
Is serum phosphorous level an early indicator of post-operative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy? A prospective analysis
Authors: Thachil Antony P. , Joseph Carbin S. , David Sandeep Kumar S.
Published: September 2021

Background: Total thyroidectomy is a commonly performed surgery. Postoperative hypocalcemia is a worrisome complication which can be treated if recognized early. We analysed serum phosphorous as a potential marker of postoperative hypocalcemia.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study done in our tertiary care hospital. We analysed the serum phosphorous levels of 50 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy at our institution. The incidence of hypocalcemia was documented and analysed with respect to serum phosphorous.Results: In the study, 18 (36%) had hypocalcaemia on third postoperative day and 32 (64%) had no hypocalcaemia. There was no relation between post thyroidectomy day one serum phosphorus value and post-thyroidectomy day three serum calcium value (p=0.709).Conclusions: The study did not find any statistically significant association between serum phosphorous and post-thyroidectomy serum calcium levels.
Clinical review of splenic trauma in central India: a prospective observational study
Authors: Rode Avinash , Bansod Prasad Y. , Gaikwad Umesh , Pind Vishal R. , Kulkarni Tushar V. , Mandhare Akash V. , Rao Rohan N.
Published: September 2021

Background: Spleen is one of the most commonly injured intra-abdominal solid organs. If undiagnosed in earlier stage patient may even present with shock. Even though management depend on grade on splenic injury, primary goal remains stabilizing the patient. The operative interventions are done by open or laparoscopic technique which may be splenorrhaphy or splenectomy.Methods: A prospective observational study on 52 patients with splenic injury was performed. The study period was 27 months. Patients with clinical and radiological signs of splenic trauma were categorised and operative/ non-operative treatment was given as per protocol. The surgical and nonsurgical outcomes were evaluated during inpatient stay and follow-up was kept.Results: Fifty-Two patients were analysed comprising 36 male and 16 females. Most common mode of injury was road traffic accident followed by falls. Grade III injury was commonest, while rib fracture was commonest associated injury. Pneumonia was a frequent complication postoperatively.Conclusions: Splenic injury is a real threat after blunt abdominal trauma in young population. Vaccination and equalae of OPSI (Overwhelming post splenectomy infection) must be kept always in mind after splenectomy. Splenic trauma diagnosed early and treated immediately can save the patient’s life.
A novel way of identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgeries
Authors: Mathew Joe
Published: September 2021

Background: This was a report of a movement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve which can be demonstrated during thyroid surgeries which can be used for locating the nerve, or identifying it if already exposed and causing confusion with other nearby structures or when alone too.Methods: The nerve is located by observing for a superior-inferior movement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve transmitted by the loose areolar tissue over it and dissecting over this site to locate the nerve right underneath it. This was by direct observation of the movement which will be there so long as the thyroid is held retracted to the opposite side and is not separated from the thyroid at the tissues that constitute the condensation of pre-tracheal fascia called the Berry’s ligament.Results: The recurrent laryngeal nerve originates from the vagus and loops posteriorly and then upwards around the arch of aorta on the left side and the subclavian artery on the right side. When the thyroid gland is retracted away and thus the nerve put on slight stretch, a superior-inferior to and fro- movement of the nerve can be seen. This movement can be used for identification and dissection of the nerve along its course.Conclusions: A review of literature has been done and it is clear that this movement has not been hitherto identified or published
Efficacy of diabetic ulcer severity score in patients with diabetic foot ulcer in predicting prognosis
Authors: George Robinson , Mathew Joe , L. Vishnu M. , Thomas Jacob P.
Published: September 2021

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a full-thickness wound, skin necrosis or gangrene below the ankle induced by peripheral neuropathy or peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes. There are well-accepted classification systems for DFUs, namely Wagner’s scoring system, university of Texas scoring system etc. However, only few are scientifically validated. Diabetic ulcer severity score (DUSS) introduced by Beckert et al consists of easily accessible clinical parameters which categorizes wounds into specific subgroups for comparison of outcomes.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 250 diabetic ulcer patients, attending the out-patient department (OPD) of surgery, Pushpagiri institute of medical sciences, Tiruvalla.Results: Most common age group affected with diabetic foot was between 51-60 years (mean 58.9±10.2 years). Males accounted for 54% of patients. Most common ulcers were of score of 2 followed by score 3. Overall, 105 (42%) of 250 people had amputations in our study with majority undergoing minor amputation (30%) than the major amputation (12%). None of the patients with scores 0, 1 and 2 had major amputation. Probability of healing among the various scores were-100% for score 0, 97.9% for score 1, 83.4% for score 2, 17.7% for score 3 and 4.8% for score 4. Lower score is strongly associated with primary healing and higher score with amputations.Conclusions: DUSS system is an easy wound based diagnostic tool for anticipating probability of healing or amputation and need for surgery by assessing the four clinical parameters and combining them which is safe and easily reproducible.
Spectrum of gastrointestinal perforation peritonitis in 462 consecutive patients in tertiary care institute of North India
Authors: Singh Mahavir , Dalal Satish , Gera Mridul
Published: September 2021

Background: Gastrointestinal perforation is one of the common surgical emergencies in developing countries. The diagnosis is mainly clinical and is aided by radiological investigations. This study was designed to highlight the spectrum of hollow viscus perforation peritonitis in terms of etiology, clinical presentations, site of perforation, surgical treatment, postoperative complications, and mortality.Methods: The study was a hospital‑based observational study and included 462 patients of perforation peritonitis (diffuse or localized) who were studied retrospectively in terms of cause, site of perforation, surgical treatment, complications, and mortality. Only those patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy for management of perforation peritonitis were included.Results: Overall stomach was the most common site of perforation (33%). Ileum (26%) was the second common site of perforation. Duodenal perforations were seen in 88 (19%) cases whereas appendicular perforations were seen in 46 (10%) cases. Colonic perforations were least common. Acid peptic disease was the most common etiology of stomach perforations. Enteric fever (63%) was the most common etiology of jejuno-ileal perforation. Other causes include tuberculosis (23%), trauma (8%), malignancy (3%) and idiopathic in rest. Males were six times more commonly affected than females. Peak incidence was noted in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life.Conclusions: Spectrum of perforation peritonitis cases in developing world is different from developed countries The Western literature suggests that foreign body, ischemia, radiotherapy, diverticula, and Crohn’s disease are the main causes of perforations. In contrast to this, infection is the most common cause for perforations in developing countries.
A randomized comparison study of conventional normal saline and silver nanocrystalline gel as topical wound dressings in non-healing wounds
Authors: Mahadev V.
Published: September 2021

Background: Non-healing wounds and chronic ulcers are being consequence of the abnormality in healing process and disturbance in the recovery pathway. Picking an ideal choice of topical application and dressing helps in enhancing the wound heal in addition to the antibiotics administration. To identify the outcome of topical dressing in chronic ulcers by using, silver nanocrystalline gel dressing (AgNP) and conventional normal saline dressing (NS).Methods: This study was an open label randomized study in patient with chronic non-healing wound. The wound healing outcomes of two different dressing methods were compared, which was evaluated by independent assessor. The primary outcome is area reduction of wound and duration of healing. The secondary outcome is the formation of healthy granulation, slough and discharge and wound site infection control.Results: The outcome of AgNP and conventional NS dressing was compared. The 100 patients with non-healing wounds were randomized in the ratio of 1:1. The primary outcome was study group had better area of reduction of 41.97% (SD-7.41) with statistical significance (p<0.0001) and mean duration of healing, 15.64 weeks. The secondary outcome of healthy granulation tissue and reduced slough and discharge at the end of 3 weeks with topical silver nanocrystalline dressing was significant.        Conclusions: Topical silver nanocrystalline dressing shall be an effective dressing option to achieve apposite recovery of healing process in non-healing wounds.
Rare giant dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with uncommon fibrosarcomatous transformation - case report and review of literature
Authors: Aggarwal Manisha , Manchikanti Dinesh , Misra Sunayana , Thomas Shaji , Arsia Ashish , Pusuluri Rahul , Kumar Sanjay
Published: September 2021

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma with aggressive local behavior but with a low metastatic potential. Although slow growing and indolent, they rarely reach huge sizes. Very uncommonly, these locally invasive tumors undergo fibrosarcomatous transformation with a more aggressive clinical course, with higher rate of recurrence risk and distant metastases. A 32-years-old lady, presented with a gradually progressive lump in the upper central back for the past 6 years, with rapid progression in size during the last 6 months. On examination, she had a single lump of size 18×18 cm in the midline of the upper back, with prominent veins over its surface. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no connection with the spinal canal and appeared flush with the paraspinal muscles. Core needle biopsy showed DFSP. The patient underwent a wide local excision with split skin grafting. The histopathology now showed a fibrosarcomatous transformation of DFSP. The patient again underwent a wide re-excision with a 3 cm margin. Histology reported no evidence of tumor cells in the specimen. The patient’s postoperative period was uneventful and she was referred for adjuvant radiotherapy. DFSP is a rare, slow-growing malignant fibroblastic mesenchymal skin tumor with low metastatic potential. However, in any patient with long standing DFSP with a recent increase in size, this fibrosarcomatous transformation must be kept in mind as it represents an uncommon form of DFSP that tends to follow a more aggressive clinical course, with higher rate of recurrence risk and distant metastases.
Association between Vitamin D deficiency and lung function in asthma patients
Authors: Ravindranath M , Sowjanya D.S
Published: September 2021

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder, usually chronic, and is related to the hypersensitivity of the airways to allergens leading to dyspnoea, wheezing, cough and tightness in chest. Increased severity of asthma and poor control has been attributed to lower levels of Vitamin D levels.

Blood was collected from 78 patients who were diagnosed with asthma and tested for Vitamin D levels eosinophil counts, IgE levels, and regular biochemical tests. All these patients underwent Asthma Control Test, Pulmonary Function tests for FEV1%, FVC%, FEV1/FVC%.

: The serum eosinophil count, sputum eosinophil count and IgE levels were significantly higher in Vitamin D deficient patients compared to the sufficient patients. The most common severity of asthma among the patients was due to atopy as seen in 53.8% of the patients. In 39.6% of the patients who were Vit D deficient, the asthma was very severe as was the case in 8% of the Vit D sufficient people. The Forced expiratory volume, Forced vital capacity and FEV1/FVC1 was 92.69 ± 0.9 %, 91.3 ± 12.1% and 76.2 ± 8.7 in patients with deficient Vitamin D levels and 97.36 ± 1.1%, 99.1 ± 7.3% and 81.6 ± 13.1 in patients with sufficient Vit D levels respectively.

There seems to be a strong association of Vitamin D levels and asthma among patients. High vitamin D levels are beneficial to the lung function and also slow the asthma exacerbations.
A study to assess the role of C reactive protein as a marker in diagnosing pleural effusion
Authors: Sharvegar Raghurama , Babu S R Chandrik
Published: September 2021

The cause of pleural effusion is due to systemic or localized pathology and based on the etiology involved the pleural effusion is either classified into transudate and exudate supported by Light’s Criteria. Other than the marker used in Lights Criteria C reactive protein is said to be studied to determine its role in classifying exudate and transudate.

The present study was done to assess the role of C reactive protein in diagnosing pleural effusion.

The cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Chest and Respiratory Medicine at Chamarajanagara Institute of Medical Sciences from June 2019 to May 2020. A total of 120 cases of clinically confirmed cases of Pleural Effusion Cases were selected for the purpose of the study among the outpatient and inpatient in the Department of General Medicine and Respiratory Medicine Department.

The Mean CRP of 1.05±1.09 was found to be cut off value for differentiating between transudate and exudate Pleural fluid. At the Cut off value of 1.05 CRP it was found to be having a sensitivity of 75.4% and 77.6% of sensitivity.

From the present study we could conclude that the CRP Value of 1.05mg/dl was found to be having a good specificity and sensitivity in classifying the pleural fluid into transudate and exudate. Finally we could conclude that CRP can be used as a Biomarker to differentiate between Transudate and Exudate when Lights criteria falls in borderline.
Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) - Post COVID 19 vaccination
Authors: Suhagiya Priyanka , Hakim Jumana , Athmakuri Dhanyata , Kuracha Mounika , Chander Thrilok
Published: September 2021

Vaccination is a safe and effective way to prevent disease and save lives, but they may also produce some undesirable side effects which may affect the healthy individuals. Therefore, the monitoring of adverse events following immunization is necessary. Any untoward medical occurrence which follows immunization, and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the use of the vaccine. The adverse event may be any unfavorable or unintended sign, an abnormal laboratory finding a symptom or a disease. AEFI surveillance studies helps to detect to identify a specific risk among the local population. In this study, we included 20 healthcare workers who were admitted in Gandhi medical college and hospital following immunization by Covid vaccination drive. No major AEFI was reported following vaccination. Our study concludes that proper counselling about the need for covid vaccination and the possible adverse events following vaccination would create an awareness among the public would prevent them from apprehension of second dose after developing AEFI following first dose.
D-Dimer and Coagulation profile are significant prognostic indicators in COVID-19 patients – A retrospective study in a tertiary healthcare hospital
Authors: Vinod Kolla , R Sivasankari , Uday Kumar Abhishek , Rajagopalan Manjari , Shahji Georgin
Published: September 2021

To determine the value of coagulation indicators: D-dimer (DD), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), in predicting the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.

Around 150 patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease, who were admitted at Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore between April 15 2021 and July 15, 2021, were included in the study. The changes of D-Dimer, PT, APTT were tested, and the correlation with, clinical classifications, demographics, CT imaging, vaccination status against COVID-19 and prognosis were observed.

Coagulation disorder occurred at the early stage of COVID-19 infection, in a total of 150 patients observed, 109 (72.66%, St. deviation of 4.26) patients having DD increased at time of admission and 148 patients (98.66%) having increased coagulation profile. The levels of DD and coagulation profile were correlated with clinical classification and also the CT severity and vaccination status. Among 41(27.33%) patients who died, 31(20.66%) patients had DD increased at the first lab test, 40 (26.66%) patients had DD increased on the fifth day of lab tests. The results shows that D-dimer is raised in severe category of COVID-19 infection. Also the CT severity is high (severe, with CT score>15) 71(47.33%) patients with increased D-dimer on admission. It was observed that 41(27.33%) patients who were vaccinated had increased D-dimer 70(46.66%) compared to unvaccinated patients. In addition, with the progression of the disease, the change of CT imaging was closely related to the increase of the DD value (P <0.01).

Coagulation dysfunction is more likely to occur in severe and critically ill patients. DD and PT could be used as the significant indicators in predicting the mortality of COVID-19 and measuring the level of D-dimer and coagulation parameters from the early stage of the disease can also be useful in controlling and managing of COVID-19 disease, also vaccinated patients had better outcome among the unvaccinated patients.
Endobronchial granular cell tumor mimicking asthma
Authors: Sen Subhajit , Biswas Pratik
Published: September 2021

The article presents a 22 year old female being treated as a case of asthma without any benefit, whom was ultimately found to have an endobronchial growth which on biopsy revealed Granular Cell Tumor. Pulmonary Granular Cell Tumors are very rare benign tumors as less than 80 cases has been described since 1938, when it was first described.
Books for Boys: Multicultural Literature with Strong Male Characters
Authors: Landt Susan M
Published: September 2021

Boys need books with which they can connect, books that reach out to them with characters that reflect themselves, books that feature people who speak and look and act like the people in their lives. Among the functions of literature in children’s lives, two are particularly relevant: facilitating literacy skills and providing role models. The path to becoming a proficient reader begins with the spark of interest in a book – the desire to know more. Young male readers need to envision characters like themselves in active roles: solving problems, undertaking responsibilities, exhibiting leadership, accomplishing worthy tasks.
Invite Their Languages In: Community-Based Literacy Practices with Multilingual African Immigrant Girls in New York City
Authors: Lee Crystal Chen
Published: September 2021

This three-year qualitative case study examined how an African community-based organization, Sauti Yetu’s Girl’s Empowerment and Leadership Initiative (GELI), leads, bolsters, and transforms the literacy development of African immigrant girls who are identified as English Language Learners (ELLs) and Students with Interrupted Formal Education (SIFE) in New York City schools. In particular, the study addresses how community-based literacy practices mobilize multilingual African immigrant girls to strengthen their communities. The study drew upon critical perspectives of literacy and  community-based practices to examine the approaches GELI has implemented to address the academic and social needs of African immigrant girls in public schools.
Children as Cosmopolitan Citizens: Reproducing and Challenging Cultural Hegemony
Authors: Supa Markéta , Nečas Vlastimil , Rosenfeldová Jana , Nainova Victoria
Published: September 2021

The article argues that, although digital and social media provide space and means for children's cosmopolitan citizenship, the tendency to reproduce cultural and ethnic stereotypes and prejudice prevalent in mainstream media can limit their capability and willingness to act and think as such. Drawing upon qualitative participatory research conducted with more than seventy children living in the Czech Republic, the article explores how children's media practice had a tendency to reproduce cultural hegemony. The paper ultimately argues that multicultural education and media education can together support children in reflecting on and challenging cultural hegemony, while at the same time potentially contribute to their transnational participation and cooperation with the use of digital and social media.
Immigrant Identity and Experiences in U.S. Higher Education Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: George Mwangi Chrystal A. , Mansour Koboul , Hedayet Mujtaba
Published: September 2021

As immigrant students continue to enter the U.S. educational pipeline at growing rates, it has become increasingly important for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to understand these students’ pathways into and through college as well as the factors impacting their success. Using a systematic review, this analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of how global mobility shapes and is shaped by U.S. higher education, particularly in how immigrant identity and immigrants’ experiences are depicted in U.S. higher education scholarship.
Moral y Derecho en el siglo XXI
Authors: Mateos Martínez Jose
Published: September 2021

Uno de los mayores dilemas de la Filosofía del Derecho se encuentra en el contenido moral de la ley. Durante siglos, centenares de autores han discutido sobre si la ley debe tener necesariamente un determinado contenido axiológico para ser válida, así como sobre la naturaleza de tal contenido, o si por el contrario basta con que sea aprobada por los cauces legalmente previstos para su validez. En la presente obra examinaremos la cuestión con base en el pensamiento de los más prominentes filósofos del derecho de la actualidad.ho de la actualidad.
El fundamento teológico del concepto de soberanía de Carl Schmitt. La experiencia religiosa de la repetición
Authors: Campos García-Calderón Rafael Augusto
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo determinar el fundamento teológico del concepto de soberanía propuesto por el jurista alemán Carl Schmitt. Según nuestra hipótesis, tal fundamento teológico se encuentra en la filosofía del pensador danés Søren Kierkegaard, quien, en diferentes obras, desarrolló los importantes conceptos de excepción, decisión y suspensión teleológica de la ética en relación a la experiencia religiosa de la repetición. Como veremos, tales conceptos forman parte del fundamento teológico de la famosa definición schmittiana de la soberanía: “soberano es quien decide sobre el estado de excepción”, la cual define el decisionismo del jurista alemán. Así, por medio del concepto de decisión, extraído de la obra kierkegaardiana e introducido en la doctrina de la soberanía, Schmitt logra tres objetivos. Por un lado, no solo inicia la crítica al parlamentarismo liberal y al Estado burgués de Derecho, sino que revela el fundamento teológico-existencial de la unidad política del Estado moderno. En segundo lugar, en el marco jurídico-político, actualiza la teología fideísta desarrollada por Kierkegaard en su obra. Finalmente, en el marco teológico-metafísico, introduce el papel de la decisión como actualizador del rol público de la trascendencia en la modernidad secularizada frente a la reserva escatológica de la teología. Para lograr nuestro objetivo, utilizaremos el método de la analogía conceptual teológico-política creado y aplicado por el mismo Carl Schmitt a la historia de la soberanía europea.
De la abolición de la esclavitud a la prohibición de drogas. Historia de una paradoja
Authors: Gómez Sañudo Mauricio
Published: September 2021

En el presente ensayo se aborda la relación existente entre la causa internacional por la abolición de la esclavitud que fuera liderada por el imperio británico en el siglo XIX y la lucha mundial contra las drogas promovida por los EE.UU. desde el siglo XX, puesto que en cada caso estas dos naciones pudieron imponer al resto del mundo su liderazgo moral y su agenda geopolítica. Además se destaca la forma en la que se asimila la adicción a las drogas con una moderna forma de esclavitud y cómo los EE.UU. lograron arrebatarle al imperio británico su liderazgo moral y económico cuando este último decide renunciar a su negocio de opio hacia la China para sumarse a la cruzada mundial contra las drogas. Y se evidencia que el discurso prohibicionista, antes que para reivindicar a los integrantes de la comunidad negra norteamericana frente a lo que se advierte como una moderna forma de esclavitud, ha servido para marginarles y subyugarles.
De la promesa de salvación a la religión tecnológica: milenarismo y mesianismo en las raíces de la tecnología moderna
Authors: Barrios Pérez Ferén
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es introducir una comprensión histórica de la relación entre el milenarismo y la tecnología moderna. Tradicionalmente, esta relación ha sido descrita desde el concepto dialéctico de ‘secularización’, la noción de ‘tecnología’ como dominación del ser humano sobre la naturaleza y la noción católica de ‘milenarismo mitigado’. Se señalan algunas limitaciones que imponen estas nociones a una comprensión histórica del fenómeno tecnológico, puesto que ignoran su participación en los procesos históricos de creación de valores. Se propone una explicación genealógica de la pervivencia de la creencia en la promesa de salvación en la cultura tecnológica, denunciando la noción dialéctica de ‘secularización’ y ofreciendo descripciones más amplias de ‘milenarismo’ y ‘tecnología’.
Dos visiones del desarrollo humano y la justicia social: ¿libertad o dignidad?
Authors: Salazar Canaval Ana María
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar dos fundamentos morales que permiten enmarcar la discusión acerca de la justicia social y el desarrollo humano. Por un lado, Amartya Sen parte de presupuestos éticos como la libertad para brindar un marco evaluativo que analice la pobreza y la calidad de vida. Por el otro, Martha Nussbaum, desde presupuestos filosóficos como la dignidad, establece una guía práctica para el correcto funcionamiento y desarrollo de la vida humana. Ambos autores convergen en la idea según la cual la pobreza es una condición de vulnerabilidad ante la vida y que, además, sus consecuencias transgreden las distintas dimensiones políticas, económicas y sociales de la vida humana. De ahí que se pueda decir que la pobreza transgrede y obstruye el pleno goce de los derechos políticos, económicos, sociales y culturales de los ciudadanos. A pesar de sus diferencias conceptuales, ambas posturas brindan nuevas herramientas interpretativas a la hora de tematizar el desarrollo humano y analizar la pobreza. Estas amplían y enriquecen el concepto de justicia social. Esta ampliación da un nuevo sentido a lo concebido como desarrollo humano, toda vez que este puede ser considerado como un derecho. Ahondar sobre el carácter vinculante de considerar el desarrollo humano como un derecho, se convierte en una herramienta conceptual eficaz en la lucha contra la pobreza.
Eficiencia de un inhibidor verde extraído de la cáscara de la sandía en la corrosión del acero estructural A36 evaluado en medios ácido y salino
Authors: Rodríguez Juan Felipe , Rodríguez Estefannia , Suárez Luisa Fernanda , Velasco Karen Tatiana , Ramos Camilo , Malagón Eduard
Published: September 2021

La corrosión del acero al carbono es uno de los problemas más comunes en industrias tales como las de petróleo, gas y producción de energía, donde, además de los medios agresivos, se utilizan diferentes sustancias corrosivas como ácidos [1]. El uso de inhibidores de corrosión se emplea comúnmente y es la forma más económica para proporcionar protección temporal contra la corrosión. Muchos compuestos sintéticos han mostrado buena actividad anticorrosiva. Sin embargo, la mayoría de ellos son altamente tóxicos para los seres humanos y el medio ambiente [2]. Es por ello que hoy en día se investigan e implementan productos naturales como agentes anticorrosivos [3]. En esta investigación se obtiene y evalúa un extracto a partir de la cáscara de la sandía (Citrullus lanatus) como inhibidor de corrosión del acero estructural A36 en medio ácido (HCl 0,5 M) y medio salino (NaCl 3,5 %) a diferentes tiempos de exposición (0, 11 y 24 días). El comportamiento a la corrosión se estudió a partir de pérdida de peso y métodos electroquímicos, como la extrapolación Tafel. Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis metalográfico de las muestras expuestas a los medios con y sin inhibidor. La estructura se analizó microestructuralmente a través de observación microscópica. Finalmente, se determinó la eficacia del inhibidor.
Utilización de chamota posconsumo en la formulación de una pasta refractaria como sustitución de la alúmina
Authors: Idarraga-Giraldo Saúl , Figueroa-Calle Sebastián , Vargas-Bermúdez Fabio Alonso , Mesa-Toro Carlos Mario , Gil-Durán Santiago
Published: September 2021

El desarrollo de los materiales cerámicos refractarios ha sido derivado de las industrias que utilizan altas temperaturas en sus procesos. El uso de material posconsumo para la formulación de pastas refractarias es de interés para el desarrollo sostenible con impacto económico y ambiental. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el efecto de la adición de chamota posconsumo en una pasta refractaria como reemplazo de alúmina. La chamota fue obtenida a partir de ladrillos aislantes refractarios porosos que cumplieron su ciclo de vida en la industria cerámica. Estos fueron sometidos a un proceso de conminución utilizando un molino de bolas hasta llevarlo a pasante malla 50. La chamota se caracterizó mediante Fluorecencia de rayos X. Se formularon cuatro mezclas y se sinterizaron a 1600 ºC. Se evaluó el cono pirométrico (ASTM C-24), la densidad y la porosidad (ASTM C-20), la contracción lineal y dilatometría. Los resultados indican que la adición de chamota posconsumo disminuye el cono pirométrico del refractario obtenido; la muestra que no contiene chamota tiene un cono superior a 36 y la muestra de mayor contenido tiene un cono de 32, los cuales son adecuados para el uso como ladrillo refractario. Con la adición de chamota se aumentó la densidad de las muestras y se disminuyó la porosidad y la contracción. Finalmente, en el ensayo de dilatometría se evidencian cambios en la curva dilatometría que se atribuyen a una mayor formación de fase líquida y mulita, debido al aporte que hace la sílice y el K2O presentes en la chamota.
Producción de etanol a partir de piñas de rechazo de cultivos del Chocó
Authors: Barrera Rolando , Ardila Alba Nelly , Murcia Juan Fernando
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo se estudió la producción de etanol a partir de jugo de piñas de rechazo (frutos que no cumplen las normas técnicas para su comercialización) del departamento del Chocó. La materia prima se caracterizó y se usó en fermentaciones donde se evaluó el efecto del uso de levadura comercial, la dilución del medio y la adición de suplementos sobre la cantidad de alcohol producido a las 72 h de reacción. El perfil de azúcares y la caracterización bromatológica de esta variedad de piña sugiere que corresponde a un sustrato adecuado para la obtención de alcohol sin necesidad de nutrientes o suplementos adicionales. La producción de etanol utilizando S. cerevisiae fue cercana a los 65 gL-1 en un medio de jugo de piña sin diluir, sin adición de nutrientes y sin control de temperatura (entre 23 y 38 °C) ni pH (entre 4,0 y 4,5) durante la reacción. Bajo condiciones de temperatura (30 °C) y pH (4,5) controlados, el tiempo requerido para alcanzar los mismos rendimientos disminuyó considerablemente (menos de 15 horas). Se espera que estos resultados permitan proponer y desarrollar alternativas para la valorización de los residuos del cultivo de piña de la región y para la disminución del impacto ambiental negativo que representan.
Nanoadsorbentes para captura de dióxido de carbono (CO2): un enfoque a la purificación del biogás
Authors: Muñoz-Muñoz Alexander , Moreno-Moreno Omar Yesid , Castro-Molano Liliana del Pilar , Escalante-Hernandez Humberto , Céspedes-Zuluaga Santiago , Zapata-Acosta Karol , Cortés-Correa Farid
Published: September 2021

En los últimos años, la producción de biogás en biodigestores domésticos ha tenido un creciente desarrollo, siendo empleado en zonas rurales principalmente para iluminar y calentar. Sin embargo, la presencia de CO2 reduce considerablemente el poder calorífico del biogás, lo cual genera disminución en la eficiencia térmica, lo que hace necesaria la remoción de este componente para mejorar la calidad del gas y aumentar sus posibilidades de aplicación como combustible. En este trabajo se evaluó la capacidad de adsorción de CO2 de nanopartículas de sílice y sílice pirogénica comercial Aerosil 380 funcionalizadas con aminas. Las nanopartículas de sílice se prepararon mediante el método sol-gel usando como precursor de silicio tetraetil ortosilicato (TEOS). Los materiales se funcionalizaron mediante impregnación húmeda con 15 y 30 %p de dietanolamina y etilendiamina. Las pruebas de caracterización permitieron determinar el tamaño de nanopartícula (TEM), área superficial (BET), estabilidad térmica (TGA) y composición química (FTIR) de las nanoestructuras, y relacionar dichas propiedades con la afinidad por el adsorbato. Los ensayos de adsorción de CO2 se realizaron a una temperatura de 30 °C bajo un flujo de 60 mLmin-1 de CO2 a una presión de 20 psi. Los materiales basados en sílice pirogénica Aerosil 380 obtuvieron una mayor capacidad de adsorción comparados con los materiales de nanopartículas de sílice sintetizadas, y se obtuvo la mayor capacidad de adsorción (35,4 mg/g) para la muestra impregnada al 30 % p/p de dietanolamina, que además puede adsorber CO2 en presencia de humedad.
Evaluación de la biomasa residual (cereza) de café como sustrato para el cultivo del hongo comestible Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Ortiz García Juan Esteban , González Morales David Eduardo , Mejía Agudelo Yisel , García-Alzate Luz Stella , Cifuentes-Wchima Ximena
Published: September 2021

Colombia es un país productor de café, se estima que el 60 % son residuos, donde la cereza es uno de ellos; este material orgánico al entrar en descomposición puede ser dañino para la población, el ambiente y los cultivos aledaños. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la biomasa residual (cereza) de café como sustrato para el cultivo del hongo comestible Pleurotus ostreatus, con el fin de otorgarle un mayor valor agregado a estos residuos. La biomasa residual (cereza) de café fue suministrada por agricultores del departamento del Quindío, la cual se caracterizó fisicoquímicamente, analizando parámetros como pH, humedad, fibra, grasa, celulosa, lignina, cenizas, materia orgánica y nitrógeno; para luego ser empleada como sustrato en el cultivo del hongo y finalmente establecer si se puede emplear como medida de reducción de residuos. La caracterización fisicoquímica de la biomasa reportó pH del 6,693 ± 0,041, porcentaje de humedad del 82,875 ± 0,209 y contenido de lignina y celulosa del 28,954 ± 0,046 y 48,390 ± 0,326, respectivamente y materia orgánica del 13,249 ± 0,187; en el cultivo del hongo, se observó la aparición de los primordios a los 15 días y el hongo para cosechar a los 20 días, reduciendo el volumen de residuos en un 80 %. Para concluir, la caracterización fisicoquímica del residuo reportó componentes adecuados para emplearlo como sustrato en el cultivo de hongos Pleurotus ostreatus; siendo importante que estos residuos sean empleados para la generación de un nuevo producto y/o la disminución de este, lo que lograría un equilibrio entre el ambiente y los residuos que se generan.
Metodología geometalúrgica para mejorar el proceso de extracción de oro en pequeña escala de la mina Gualconda en Nariño – Colombia
Authors: Pantoja-Barrios Gabriel Kamilo , Molina-Ramírez Eliana Katherine , Fuentes-Torres Silvia Natalia , Ramírez Fabian Andrés , Mojica Jaime , Londoño-Escobar Jorge Iván
Published: September 2021

In the gold beneficiation processes, the degree of particle size reduction is strongly influenced by the size and shape of the mineral species associated with the economically important metals. The capacity, energy consumption, and costs of the gold-bearing ore processing depend mainly on the operational parameters of the equipment of comminution and gravimetric concentration; therefore, it is essential to characterize the liberation degree of the minerals of interest as function of particle size. The small-scale mining beneficiation plants usually do not consider the liberation of sulfide particles as a requirement to define the grinding size reduction ratio, this is determined empirically, evaluating in which size a higherpercentage of gold recovery is obtained. The methodology proposed in this paper constitutes a low cost analytical technique, using the free software IMAGE-J, to determine the appropriate liberation size for sulfide particles and associated gold particles,as well as the size distribution of gold ore particles. Additionally, the Molycop-Tools software was used to simulate the best grinding strategy based on the liberation results obtained.Through the methodology of automatic image analysis to determine the liberation degree of sulfides, the mineralogical characterization, and the recommendation of a metallurgical processing strategy for the gold-bearing ore based on steady-state simulations, it was possible to establish the appropriate parameters of ball mill grinding and gravimetric concentration of the Gualconda mine in the Department of Nariño, in order to improve the gold recovery and increase the plant capacity.
Released power in a vortex-antivortex pairs annihilation process
Authors: Aguirre-Tellez Cristian , Rincón-Joya Miryam , Barba-Ortega José José
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we studied the power dissipation process of a Shubnikov vortex-antivortex pair in a mesoscopic superconducting square sample with a concentric square defect in presence of an oscillatory external magnetic field. The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations and the diffusion equation were numerically solved. The significant result is that the thermal dissipation is associated with a sizeable relaxation of the superconducting electrons, so that the power released in this kind of process might become calculated as a function of the time. Also, we analyzed the effect that the Ginbzurg-Landau κand deformation τparameters have on the magnetization, dissipate power and super-electrons density.
Development of Conventional Controller Based on Image Processing for Monitoring and Controlling Burning Zone Temperature in a Cement Plant in Rotary Kiln Process Through IOT
Authors: Bojja Polaiah , Prasanna N. Merrin , Kumari Pamula Raja , Bhuvanendhiran T. , Kumar Panuganti Jayanth
Published: September 2021

In the cement factories, a rotary kiln is a pyro-processing device that is used to raise the temperature of the materials in a continuous process. Temperature monitoring is an essential process in the rotary kiln to yield high quality clinker and it has been implemented using various image processing techniques. In this paper we are measuring and controlling the temperature of rotational kiln in cement industry to get proper clinker ouput. Burning zone flame images are captured using CCD(Charge Coupled Device) camera and are processed using image processing with PID(Proportion Integration and Derivative) controller and which are programmed on raspberry pi card with the help of python language, also the captured images and attributes are transferred to authorized mobile/pc through Raspberry PI by selecting the IP address of mobile or PC. All the attributes received in the mobile in the form of web page the according to the object following data temperature controlled and object is ceaselessly followed to get the proper clinker output. Picture handling calculation with Open cv, as indicated by the calculation the edge estimation of the camera is settled. The frame value of the camera is set. Conversion from RGB color space to HSV color space is achieved and the reference color threshold value is determined. The range esteem estimated by the camera is contrasted and the reference esteem. In this study temp of rotational kiln is measured effectively using PID controller, this controller continuously control the temperature of revolving kiln by varying the i/p images of burning zone at finally fix one flame which is giving 1400degc.
Small Satellites Constellations and Their Impact on CBRNe Management in Africa
Authors: Morea Donato , Sciortino Giacomo Primo
Published: September 2021

A wave of small satellites massive constellations, in the range of hundreds of units each, is progressively populating the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with a low-price, and varied, offer of Telecom (speed band) and Earth Imaging services (Starlink, Planet, One Web, etc.). It is a market - driven trend based on new satellite interlocking technologies, which cut down the supplier costs of launch and in orbit operations compared to the traditional technology based on big (and much heavier) geostationary satellites operating at high altitudes. This is a disruptive phenomenon especially for the developing world, where such vital services have always been hard to access, and their use therefore remained scarce, not consolidated, or even completely missing. Among these, Emergency management is definitely crucial. The geographical focus of this study is Africa and it deals not only with Institutional PRS users but with a wider potential context (corporations, private subjects, etc.). It clearly appears that a general degree of “Country readiness” toward Space technology and organization is necessary for these initiatives to take place. This can be achieved through certified international cooperation. The authors then, based on an estimated demand Model for services with their relative pricing corresponding to a cost-designed constellation of small microsatellites, presented already, among other, at several International Astronautical Federation(IAF)Symposia on Space Economy, simulate the resulting type of services available: TLC by band types and relative upload and download rates, Earth imaging by refresh rates and optical quality and resolution, Ground segment configuration for signal backhauling and user terminal receiving.. This info isapplied to a specific African Country case (Nigeria) whose significance emerged over other Countries after the application of comparative grids. Finally, an insight on the specifically configuration of services for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNe) like management by local users, both maritime and land, with the relative costs, is offered. This is consequently left open for follow ups and discussion, due to the customer – design, project financing approaches of this Model programme.
Simplified Approach for Preliminary Evaluation of Effective Dose Rates for Field Applications of D-T Neutron Generators
Authors: Contessa Gian Marco , Cherubini Nadia , Gandolfo Giada , Lepore Luigi , Marzo Giuseppe A. , Remetti Romolo
Published: September 2021

Portable neutron generators are one of the most widespread sources of fast neutrons for different applications, from activation analysis to quantitative estimation of fissile and fertile materials in radioactive waste packages. New techniques based on these devices have been developed for homeland security, e.g. neutron interrogations of packages suspected of containing substances such as explosives. When using portable generators determination of radiation protection quantities is affected by a series of boundary conditions that could differ from an experimental set-up to another, and Radiation Protection Experts cannot assess operator exposure without the aid of time-expensive Monte Carlo simulations. As it is impossible to foresee all kind of scenarios involving such applications, and time is often a critical variable, safety assessment requires faster, even if less accurate, tools for exposure evaluation. In this article experimental measurements of dose rates in a real scenario involving a D-T neutron generator are considered, to validate the Monte Carlo model developed. Consequently, it was possible to demonstrate that the calibration factor at 14 MeV for a neutron dosimeter provides conservative dose estimates and to propose a stand-alone, fast, and easy-to-use calculation tool which is usable on field by the Radiation Protection Expert without full Monte Carlo calculations.
Virological Environmental Analysis
Authors: Anselmi Maurizio , Divizia Maurizio
Published: September 2021

The presence of enteric viruses in water is now a confirmed fact by various epidemiological studies. The viral contamination of the water could strongly influence the human’s health either through the type the water: bathing or drinking water, or indirectly to the contamination of different types of food that come into contact with contaminated water. The virological environmental analysis poses several problems related to the delay with which the samples are taken, the volumes to be analyzed, the methods of concentrations of water and the methods applied for identifying to present viruses. The molecular techniques have greatly simplified the virological analysis for isolation of viruses, although they are methods that require a certain experience in laboratory techniques.