bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geobody Estimation by Bhattacharyya Method Utilizing Nonlinear Inverse Modeling of Magnetic Data in Baba-Ali Iron Deposit, NW Iran
Authors: Kianoush Pooria , Khah Nasser Keshavarz Faraj , Hosseini Seyed Aliakbar , Jamshidi Emad , Afzal Peyman , Ebrahimabadi Arash
Published: July 2023

One of the essential geophysical concerns is the estimation of the physical and geometrical parameters of the reserve (geobody), which is done by exploiting the nonlinear inverse modeling of magnetic data. The present study includes preparing and modeling magnetic data to suggest drilling sites in the Baba Ali Iron ore deposit, NW Iran. The area is covered with 1000 points of geomagnetic reading with an almost 5×10 m2 regularly spaces grid trending WE. The areal and depth extent of the iron ore geobody was unknown. The Bhattacharyya method by MATLAB software coding was used to minimize the misfit function and re-construct potential field data providing the best fit with measured magnetic data. In this order, the residual calculated anomaly exhibited an excellent two-dimensional conformation with forward modeling. Also, 3D modeling correctly reconstructs properties of the productive resources of anomalies. After preparing full magnetic maps, the magnetic lenses distinguished in four anomalies of surface depths, 20, 50, and deeper than 50 meters for this zone. This magnetite lens for the first zone was estimated based on analytical signal filters applied on the entire magnetic map so that the lens's depth is trivial and almost zero. Due to specific gravity calculated as 4.77 t/m3, initial storage capacity is suggested to be about 95,400 tons of magnetite, pyrite, and hematite minerals at most in an area about 6 Km2. Finally, to complete the preliminary explorations of the specified area, exploratory drilling is suggested for three points by inverse modeling. Regarding this study as the first try in magnetic reconnaissance step of Iron mineral exploration in the study area, there is no geological constraints available based on drilling evidences. However, the model is well satisfies the surface anomalies considering residual magnetic property.
Effect of lactobacillus reuteri-derived probiotic nano-formulation on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Samiraninezhad Nazafarin , Kazemi Hojat , Rezaee Mostafa , Gholami Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Objectives
We aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of a topical probiotic nano-formulation derived from Lactobacillus reuteri on treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
Materials and Methods
60 participants were randomly allocated into two groups (control and probiotic). Probiotic group administered topical probiotic nano-formulation three times a day for seven days. The control group administered a standard analgesic oral rinse. The size of ulcer(s) and pain severity were recorded on days 0, 3, 5, and 7 after intervention.
Results
Before the intervention, the groups had no significant differences in pain severity and lesion size. Both groups reduced pain severity and lesion size during the intervention. After one week, the probiotic group had a significantly larger lesion size reduction (7.41 ± 1.79 mm) than the control (5.94 ± 1.59 mm). The probiotic group also significantly reduced pain severity (6.54 ± 1.56 scores) than the control (5.82 ± 1.66 scores).
Conclusions
Applying topical probiotic nano-formulation derived from Lactobacillus reuteri three times a day decreased lesion size and pain severity in RAS patients faster than the local analgesic oral rinse.
Clinical relevance
: Lactobacillus reuteri-derived probiotic nano-formulation might be a promising treatment option for RAS.
From Pixels to Insights: Unveiling Spatial Immune Associations of Immunotherapy Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer using Multiplexed Tissue Imaging
Authors: Kulasinghe Arutha , Monkman James , Moradi Afshin , Yunis Joseph , Ivison Geoffrey , Mayer Aaron , Ladwa Rahul , O'Byrne Ken
Published: July 2023

Insights into the spatial localisation of immune cells within tumours are key to understand the intercellular communications that dictate clinical outcomes. We applied a tiered approach to characterise the spatial organization and interactions in NSCLC tissues from thirty-five patients that subsequently received PD-1 axis immunotherapy (ICI therapy). Our analysis indicates that regulatory T cells are enriched in non-responding patients. Proximity interactions between Tregs and both monocytes(p=0.009) and CD8+ T cells(p=0.009) were frequently found in non-responding patients, while macrophages were more frequently located in proximity to antigen presenting HLADR+ tumour cells(p=0.01) within responding patients. Spatial compartmentalization of tissues into cellular neighbourhoods indicates that both macrophages(p=0.003) and effector CD4+ T cells(p=0.01) in mixed tumour neighbourhoods, and CD8+ T cells(p=0.03) in HLADR+ tumour neighbourhoods are positively associated with clinical response to ICI therapy. Evaluation of the inferred regulatory functions between immune cells relative to their tumour proximity by a SpatialScore metric suggests that macrophages may exhibit an immunosuppressive phenotype against both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and that this association scores more highly in ICI refractory patients. These spatial patterns are associated with overall survival in addition to ICI response and may indicate features relevant for the functional understanding of the tumour microenvironment.
Laryngeal mask versus intubation on adverse reactions in pediatric retinoblastoma patients
Authors: Huo Fei , Liang Hansheng , Gao Lan , Liang Jianhong , Liu Huixin , An Haiyan
Published: July 2023

Purpose
The objective of this study was to compare the effect and safety of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) versus endotracheal intubation(ETT) in children undergoing nucleation surgery.
Methods
A retrospective review of consecutive patients in the tetriary hospital from 2007 to 2020 who received eye removal surgery were included in our study. Fifty-eight eligible patients were divided into Group A (ETT, n = 35) and Group B (LMA, n = 23) according to the type of anesthesia. Patients’ demographic materials were recorded and analyzed. The heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were retrieved at different time point. The perioperative complications were also collected.
Results
39.66% (23/58) of patients received LMA. The patients with LMA placement in Group B showed significantly lower heart rate before skin incision than those receiving ETT in Group A (P < 0.05).In Group B, one patient experienced laryngeal spasm after the removal of the laryngeal mask, and one patient experienced second attempt of LMA insertion due to poor alignment of laryngeal mask at the first time.
Conclusion
LMA intubation provides more stable perioperative conditions for children undergoing eye enucleation surgeries. LMA intubation does not generate more adverse events than ETT.
First records of Chionodraco hamatus nests in coastal areas of Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea): a potential nesting area for the species?
Authors: Carlig Erica , Blasi Davide Di , Canese Simonepietro , Vacchi Marino , Grant Susie , Ghigliotti Laura
Published: July 2023

Nests of the icefish Chionodraco hamatus were documented for the first time at about 500 m depth at Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, western Ross Sea), in an area included in the Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No. 173 and in the portion with more stringent protection of the largest established marine protected area of the world, the Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area (RSRMPA). Nest building and eggs guarding are common parental care behaviours in the Antarctic icefishes (Channichthyidae). Prior to present work, nest building behaviour for C. hamatus was observed only in the frame of aquarium experiments. Here we report on the observation of five nests of C. hamatus by remote underwater video systems in November 2021, during an Italian Antarctic expedition. The nests, consisting of gravel and small stones, were circular and bowl-shaped with a consistent diameter of about 30–40 cm. Nest building behaviour, with the icefish individual alternating radial turns in clockwise and counter-clockwise movements was also recorded in situ for the first time. By considering the occurrence of the icefish nests, as well as biotic and abiotic features of the locality, the existence of a C. hamatus nesting area is hypothesised. If confirmed, the occurrence of an icefish nesting area in Silverfish Bay would further strengthen the ecological value of the ASPA 173. Furthermore, documenting nesting icefish in nearshore coastal areas of the RSRMPA reinforces the relevance of the MPA itself and provides an important focus for future research and monitoring in the area.
Occult methemoglobinemia in a medically-complex child and the opportunity for pharmacist intervention in the pediatric population
Authors: Walsh Kendra L. , Silva Christian R. , Lee Patrick H.
Published: July 2023

Background
Methemoglobinemia is a rare, yet life-threatening disorder that occurs due to an accumulation of methemoglobin in the blood. The clinical presentation often includes dyspnea, cyanosis, and hypoxemia that shows little improvement with the administration of supplemental oxygen. Ester anesthetics, including benzocaine ,are among the most notorious agents for causing this condition in children. The United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warns against the administration of benzocaine to those younger than two years old and urges manufacturers to add a statement regarding the development of methemoglobinemia to the packaging of any products containing this ingredient.
Case Presentation
The objective of this article is to summarize the unique constellation of signs and symptoms observed in a seven-year-old child subsequently diagnosed with benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia. Additionally, we emphasize the value of utilizing pharmacists as part of an interdisciplinary team when caring for pediatric patients.
Conclusion
Providers should recognize that methemoglobinemia may occur in toddlers and children outside of the FDA’s specific age warning window and must keep a broad differential for patients presenting with respiratory distress.
Assessing Coastal Erosion and Sediment Removal in the sand bar of the Isla Salamanca: Implications for the Barranquilla-Ciénaga Highway and coastal marine biodiversity – Colombia
Authors: Manzolli Rogerio Portantiolo , Cantillo-Sabalza Mulfor , Portz Luana
Published: July 2023

The behavior of the shoreline is one of the most changing environments on the earth's surface, characterized by the effects of coastal progradation and erosion. In the Colombian Caribbean coast there are erosive tendencies causing negative coastal morphological changes due to a marked anthropic influence. The objective of the research was to analyze the evolutionary trend of the coastline and quantify the volume of sediments removed from the beach profile, correlating the risks associated with the loss of coastal marine biodiversity in Isla Salamanca National Park. The analysis of shoreline and volume variation will be carried out in GIS using Google Earth Pro satellite images (2004, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2019 y 2021) and photogrammetric orthomosaics taken with a drone (10/2020-07/2021). From the DSM analysis it was possible to quantify the volume of sediment removed in the two sectors. Erosional processes along the Isla Salamanca coastal barrier have an average annual rate of coastal transgression of -4.8 m·yr-1, with an average retreat of -82.8 m from the shoreline. Especificamente, a análise de curto prazo mostrou que no km 29 as taxas erosivas, assim como o volume de sedimento remobilizado, são menores que nos dois setores do km 19. This heterogeneous behavior is probably associated with the lack of sediment supply east of the barrier and due to the presence of the seawall and the little slope of the coast, causing part of the sediment that reaches km 19 Sector 1 by the coastal drift to be lost to the surf zone. The protection of the highway by the breakwater at km 19 only works as a temporary protection of the highway and does not neutralize the erosive phenomenon. Erosive processes along the coastal barrier of Isla Salamanca are natural and irreversible phenomena that are directly affecting the ecosystems and marine-coastal biodiversity of Isla Salamanca National Park. However, anthropic interventions in the coastal environment can accelerate these erosive processes. An uncharacterized the landscape which, added to the natural erosive processes, produce a risk to this sensitive wetland environment. There are a variety of possible actions to reduce the effect of changes in the landscape of the Isla Salamanca Natural Park, with road relocation as a priority.
Evaluating the impacts of anthropogenic, climate, and land-use changes on streamflow
Authors: Ruigar Hossein , Emamgholizadeh Samad , Gharechelou Saeid , Golian Saeed
Published: July 2023

Surface water resources and their contribution to the water balance components are crucial for effective water resource utilization and management in arid and semi-arid regions. Several factors, including natural and human-induced, can affect river discharge. This study aims to examine the influence of land use changes and climate variations on the monthly average rainfall time series in the Talar River basin, situated in the central Alborz watershed in northern Iran. To investigate the impact of human factors, namely land use change and point source operations, on monthly average streamflow, the DBEST (Detecting Breakpoints and Estimating Segments in Trend) method was used to detect any breakpoint in the streamflow time series caused by gradual changes in land use and climate. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate the basin at two stations, Kiakola and Shirghah, between 2001 and 2020. The model setup for this study used various datasets, including a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), hydrological and meteorological data, stream network, land use maps, soil texture maps, and point source operations parameters. The land use maps were created by integrating data from Landsat 5 and 8 and MODIS satellites for the years 2001 and 2019. Calibration and validation at the Kiakola station showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe model (NSE) had an efficiency of 0.8 and 0.76, respectively, while at the Shirghah station, the same values were 0.84 and 0.75. The SWAT model yielded satisfactory results, enabling the contribution calculation of climate change factors, land use changes, and point source operations on water levels in the basin. Findings revealed that human activities, specifically the combined impact of land use change and point source operations, had a 60% influence on the monthly average streamflow of the Talar River. Further analysis comparing the relative contributions of the three influential factors showed that the combination of land use changing and water harvesting played the most significant role in altering the basin's outflow on a monthly scale.
Norovirus infection among HIV patients in Abuja, Nigeria: impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral therapy status
Authors: Osazuwa Favour , Johnson William Olayemi , Grobler Hailey Seth
Published: July 2023

Background
Norovirus is now recognized to be major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, with significantly higher disease burden among immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Norovirus among HIV patients and to evaluate the impact of Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) status on Norovirus prevalence in a sub-urban area of Abuja, Nigeria.
Methods
This study included a total of Two hundred and fifteen subjects (85 HAART-naïve and 130 HAART-exposed) HIV patients. Age range of study participants was 18 to 60 years. Faecal specimens where collected in screw capped containers and analyzed for Norovirus using Accupower Norovirus real-time PCR Test kit. CD4 cell count was determined using flow cytometry.
Results
The prevalence of Norovirus among HAART-naïve HIV patients was 10.6%. Age and gender was not associated with norovirus infection. HAART –naïve HIV patients with CD4 cell count < 200 was significantly more infected with Norovirus as compared to those with CD4 count ≥ 200 (OR: 28.000, 95% CI 3.2237, 243.2007, P = 0.0025). Norovirus was also found to be significantly higher in HAART-naïve HIV patients than amongst HAART-exposed counterparts (OR: 6.882, 95% CI: 1.4514, 32.6343, P = 0.015).
Conclusions
The prevalence of Norovirus among HAART-naïve HIV patients was high; and was significantly higher in subjects with low CD4 counts. Screening for Norovirus among HAART-naïve HIV patients is however emphasized to allow for effective Norovirus disease management.
Determination of silicon content in metallurgical-grade silicon refined slag using two-step dissolution chemical analysis method
Authors: Tan Ning , Han Shifeng , Wei Kuixian , Ma Wenhui
Published: July 2023

Under the demand of global green and low-carbon development, it is urgent to recycle silicon from metallurgical-grade silicon refined slag (MGSRS). Content of elemental silicon (Si) in MGSRS is the key of silicon recovery, and directly affects the selection and economic value of the silicon recovery technology. In this study, a two-step dissolution chemical analysis method is proposed to separate and determine the silicon and other silicon phases content of MGSRS. First, the silicate in the MGSRS was dissolved by hydrochloric acid to obtain the silicate content, and mixed particles containing silicon and silicon carbide (SiC) were separated. Second, silicon was dissolved by a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acid (HF/HNO3), and the SiC particles were separated, then the Si and SiC content were determined respectively. During the two steps, the dissolution effect and repeatability of silicate and silicon with different acid was studied. Finally, The silicon content in MGSRS measured by the two-step chemical method was 21.84±0.53%, under the condition of volume ratio of HNO3:HF is 1:1 and reaction time is 1h. This method breaks the situation that the content of elemental silicon in MGSRS is estimated only by experience. It has a positive impact on the further development of silicon recovery from MGSRS and can reduce environmental pollution.
Exploring the environmental economic impact of Fruits and vegetable loss quantification in the food industry
Authors: Sabiha BECHIR , Oualid LACHI , Lamia TAOUZINET , Lynda MESSAOUDENE , Ayoub ALLAM , Khodir MADANI , mohammed kamel si
Published: July 2023

For many years, population growth has stimulated rising demand for both agro-food products and economic activity which has had a bad influence on impact on the ecosystem and the co non-renewable consumption. Algeria confronts the monumental challenge of choosing how to effectively nourish everyone on a more congested globe. However, food loss is a significant issue that is getting worse as Algerian’s population continues to expand and food consumption is increasing. In Algeria, food production and processing of food items, which include fruits, vegetables, and cereals, generate a considerable amount of by-products, with no commercial exploitation and a negative environmental impact, generating enormous socio-economic problems. These byproducts are essential sources of products with high levels of added value that can be applied in different sectors. Our research objective is to quantify the loss in the Algerian food industry, generated by the transformation of various agricultural products, which directly affects the economy and food availability for the population. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, including coefficients, production statistics transformed, and data analysis, It is the first research to measure the scope of food waste. in the Algerian food industry. The findings reveal that a significant portion of fruits and vegetables are lost in the Algerian food industry, suggesting that minimizing food loss can help companies to minimize costs and mitigate the adverse environmental effects of food production. Finally, the study proposes practical options to minimize food loss to create a long-term food system in Algeria.
Developing a new Artificial Intelligence framework to estimate the thalweg of rivers
Authors: Aghamolaei Zohre , Kermani Masoud Reza Hessami
Published: July 2023

Hydrographic operations to investigate the riverbed form throughout the entire length of a river are costly and time-consuming. This has made scholars use a wide range of alternative methods to address the issue. In the present study, however, a new framework using Artificial Intelligence- (AI-) based models is introduced to identify the thalweg of rivers, which provides an accurate estimate of a river thalweg via linking coordinates of their left and right banks. In this regard, we trained and tested the performance of two AI-based models, including Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) models. The database of two rivers, namely the Qinhe River in China and the Gaz River in Iran was used to help evaluate the developed model. Outcomes of the two investigated case studies demonstrated that the values of the statistical error estimators, including the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the ANFIS model were less than those of the ANN model. As a result, the ANFIS model can lead to more accurate results than the ANN model, and it is suitable for cases with less available data. Moreover, comparing the results from the developed models with those of the River Channel Morphology Model (RCMM) showed that AI-based models outdo numerical approaches in the identification of the thalweg of rivers. All in all, it is inferred that the proposed approach not only helps us achieve an accurate geometry of rivers but reduces the side costs and can be used as an effective alternative to field operations.
A single NLR gene confers resistance to leaf and stripe rust in wheat
Authors: Sharon Amir , Sharma Davinder , Avni Raz , Gutierrez-Gonzalez Juan , Kumar Rakesh , Sela Hanan , Prusty Manas , Cohen Arava , Molnar Istvan , Holušová Kateřina , Said Mahmoud , Doležel Jaroslav , Millet Eitan , Khazan Sofia , Landau Udi , Bethke Gerit , Ezrati Smadar , Ronen Moshe , Maatuk Oxana , Eilam Tamar , Manisterski Jacob , Ben-Yehuda Pnina , Anikster Yehoshua , Matny Oadi , Steffenson Brian , Mascher Martin , Brabham Helen , Moscou Matthew , Liang Yong , Yu Guotai , Wulff Brande , Muehlbauer Gary , Minz-Dub Anna
Published: July 2023

Nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) disease-resistance genes typically confer resistance against races of a single pathogen. We report that Lr/Yr548, an NLR gene from Aegilops sharonensis and Aegilops longissima, confers specific resistance against Puccinia triticina (Pt) and P. striiformis tritici (Pst) that cause leaf and stripe rust, respectively. Lr/Yr548 prevented disease development in wheat introgression as well as transgenic wheat lines. Comparative analysis of Lr/Yr548 and all cloned Triticeae NLR disease-resistance genes showed that Lr/Yr548 contains a distinctive coiled-coil domain and that it is unique to Ae. sharonensis and Ae. longissima. A phylogenetic analysis indicated multiple events of gene flow of Lr/Yr548 between the two species, and suggested loss of resistance in susceptible isolates. The confinement of Lr/Yr548 to Ae. longissima and Ae. sharonensis and the cross resistance that it confers against Pt and Pst in wheat highlight the potential of these species as sources of novel disease-resistance genes for wheat improvement.
Non-Invasive Detection of Autonomic Dysreflexia Using AI: Advancements in Spinal Cord Injury Care
Authors: Pancholi Sidharth , IV Thomas H. Everett , Duerstock Bradley S.
Published: July 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics reveals the therapeutic mechanism underlying Chelidonium majus L. in the treatment of allergic asthma
Authors: Wang Renguang , Sui Xintong , Dong Xin , Hu Liming , Li Zhimeng , Yu Hang , Li Cuicui , Ji Guoxin , Wang shumin
Published: July 2023

Background
Chelidonium majus L. (C. majus) belongs to the Papaveridae family and is the dried whole grass of C. majus. It is usually used in clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine and has been reported of the effect in relieving cough and asthma. However, the mechanism of action is still unknown. This research aimed to illuminate the therapeutic effect of C. majus in the inhibition of allergic asthma.
Methods
Asthmatic SD rats were first sensitized and established through ovalbumin (OVA) motivation. Subsequently, lung histopathological analysis (HE, Masson, PAS) and inflammatory cytokines assay (IL-4, IL-17, IL-6) were implemented to evaluate the protective effects of C. majus on asthma. Then, the effects of C. majus and their molecular mechanisms of action on asthma were detected based on the integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses.
Results
After administration with C. majus, the histological injury of inflammation, collagen deposition and mucus secretion in lungs were attenuated and the serum inflammatory cytokines perturbations were also converted. Furthermore, integrated analysis revealed that after C. majus treatment, 7 different expression genes (DEGs) (Alox15, P4ha1, Pla2g16, Pde3a, Nme1, Entpd8 and Adcy9) and 9 metabolic biomarkers (ADP, Xanthosine, Hypoxanthine, Inosine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a), phosphatidylserine, Creatine and LysoPC(10:0)) were discovered to be connected with the enrichment metabolic pathways, including Purine metabolism, Arachidonic acid metabolism, Arginine and proline metabolism and Glycerophospholipid metabolism. The obtained metabolic biomarkers and DEGs are mainly related to energy metabolism and inflammation, and may be potential therapeutic targets.
Conclusion
C. majus relieved OVA-induced asthma in rats by regulating the Alox15, P4ha1, Pla2g16, Pde3a, Nme1, Entpd8 and Adcy9 genes expression to restore the disorders in energy metabolism and inflammation.
Interpretable joint clustering of single-cell transcriptomes
Authors: Madsen Jesper , Møller Andreas
Published: July 2023

Single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (sxRNA-seq) is increasingly being used to study and deepen our understanding of the transcriptomic state of cell types in tissues at homeostasis, how they develop and how they are shaped by diseases. However, finding affected cell types and identifying regulated genes can be challenging, as biological effects can be masked by technical variation. Here, we present JOINTLY, an algorithm for joint clustering of sxRNA-seq datasets across batches. Unlike existing state-of-the-art methods, JOINTLY is interpretable, identifying gene programs active across batches and robust against over-correction, retaining subtle cell state differences between biological conditions. By benchmarking across 5 tissues and 52 samples, we show that JOINTLY performs as well as or better than current state-of-the-art batch integration methods in clustering tasks and significantly outperforms other interpretable models. We demonstrate the robustness of JOINTLY to retain biological variation by integrating datasets from different tissues with tissue-specific endothelial cell states and showcase how JOINTLY’s interpretable factors can be used to annotate cell types and identify active signalling programs. Finally, we use JOINTLY to create a reference atlas of white adipose tissue (WATLAS) from 6 multi-donor studies. WATLAS is an expandable and comprehensive com-munity resource, which we use to describe four different populations of adipocytes and map compositional changes in obesity and between white adipose tissue depots.
Clinical and molecular characteristics, transcriptome, and drug efficacy of ERBB2 tyrosine kinase and non-tyrosine kinase mutations in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: zheng xiaopan , Li Haitao , Ying Haoxuan , Cao Manming , Zhu Weiliang , Wu Xiaowen , Wei ting
Published: July 2023

ERBB2 mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) have been widely reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). More and more non-tyrosine kinase domain (non-TKD) mutations of ERBB2 have been detected. However, the clinical effects of non-TKD mutations are still unknown. Therefore, this study aims to study the molecular and clinical characteristics, transcriptome differences, and sensitive drugs of TKD and non-TKD mutations in NSCLC. Gene mutation, RNA sequencing, and clinical information of NSCLC with ERBB2 mutations were downloaded. Bioinformatics methods, such as gene mutation analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI), hub gene identification, and drug sensitivity analysis, were adopted. Finally, four patients were included to reflect the treatment response. The somatic mutation rate of ERBB2 was 3.2%. TKD and non-TKD mutations mainly occurred in lung adenocarcinoma. Non-TKD mutations have a better prognosis. Up-regulated DEGs are primarily involved in immune and inflammatory pathways. We then proved that BTK, LYN, and PIK3CA mutations have a better prognosis than wild type in patients of NSCLC. The drug sensitivity study found that the TKD group was more sensitive to 5 drugs, and the non-TKD was 28.TKD and non-TKD mutations identify two independent subsets of ERBB2 mutations in NSCLC. Non-TKD mutations have a better prognosis and can also be used as targets for ERBB2. Our study can provide a foundation for further clinical research, highlighting the importance of individualized treatment for patients with different mutation domains.
Toxic heavy metals in rainwater samples of Tehran
Authors: Malekei Roholah , Sayad Mohammad Hossein , Behrooz Reza Dahmardeh , Kaskaoutis Dimitris G.
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the concentrations and spatial distribution of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) through chemical analysis of rainwater samples, characterized by different land use, emission sources, traffic conditions and population density. The average concentrations at the five sites were 52.9, 11.8, 14.6 and 0.93 µg l− 1 for Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd, respectively. The concentrations for all heavy metals were significantly higher (p < 0.05) at the central and south Tehran areas compared to the west and north, due to different urban characteristics, higher pollution emission rates from traffic and domestic sectors, and local winds patterns developed within the city. High traffic load in the central part of Tehran also escalates the heavy metal concentrations in this region. The significant correlations between the studied heavy metals at the five sites indicate common, local anthropogenic sources. The heavy metal concentrations were higher in spring than in winter, likely associated with dilution processes in winter and the restriction measures due to COVID-19 pandemic. During the lockdown period, a drastic decrease in traffic load was observed in Tehran, confirming that motor vehicles is the main regulatory factor for air pollution and potential toxic elements in the city.
Efficacy evaluation of r-SaK in a novel canine acute cerebral vessel thromboembolism model
Authors: HONG Qian , LI Ming , ZHANG Peng , WANG Yu , Zhou Jianming , XIAO Lu , WANG Ying , LIAN Li , YAN Zhao
Published: July 2023

In order to evaluate the thrombolytic effect of Recombinant staphylokinase for injection (r-SaK) in acute ischemic cerebral infarction, an intracranial large vessel occlusion animal model was generated by pushing an autologous thrombus to the internal carotid artery under X-ray angiography. Thirty dogs were divided into five groups: model group, alteplase group, and r-SaK group (three dosages). Autologous thrombi/saline were injected into the internal carotid artery, and thrombolytic agents were then administrated. Thrombus formation and dissolution were monitored by real-time digital subtraction angiography (DSA), blood coagulation and histopathologic examinations were used as subsidiary methods. The results in the present study showed that the left cerebral vascular thrombotic occlusion model was established stably after the autologous thrombus pushed through the internal carotid artery in dogs. Administration of r-SaK (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) produced effective thrombus dissolution with a recovery of over 80% blood flow, as effective as alteplase (1.68 mg/kg). Correspondingly, blood coagulation was changed by r-SaK, with a dramatic elongation of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and thrombin time (TT) and reduction of fibrinogen (FIB). In contrast to the model group, pathological improvement in the two thrombolytic groups were mainly manifested in the improvement of the structural integrity of the gray matter, and the reduction of the infiltration of inflammatory cells and neuronal damage in the intracranial blood vessels. Besides, no adverse reactions related to bleeding in this model were found. The results indicate that intravenous infusion of r-SaK has a significant thrombolytic effect on intracranial large vessel occlusion model, and can prevents brain tissue and neuron damage induced by thromboembolism. We also provide a new preclinical pharmacodynamic evaluation method (DTICI) of cerebral thrombolytics using beagle dogs with an acute thrombotic cerebrovascular occlusion, The efficacy of r-SaK against acute thrombotic cerebral vessel occlusion in comparison to alteplase was also clarified for the first time, and this model could be further applied to studies of novel thrombolytic therapies.
Efficiency and complications in root canal retreatment using nickel titanium rotary file with continuous rotation, reciprocating, or adaptive motion in curved root canals: A laboratory investigation
Authors: Tantiwanichpun Benjaporn , Kulvitit Sirinya
Published: July 2023

Objectives
Study compared efficacy, efficiency, and complications of curved root canal retreatment using single-use NiTi rotary files with different motions.
Materials and Methods
Forty mesial curved root canals of extracted mandibular molars, obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer, were randomly divided into four groups. Reciproc blue R25 was used with reciprocating motion (RB), VDW.ROTATE retreatment files with continuous rotation (VR), and ProTaper Next X2 with continuous rotation (X2c) or adaptive motion (X2a). The percentage of root canal filling removal was analyzed using Micro-Computed Tomography. The retreatment time and complications were recorded and statistically analyzed (p-value < 0.05).
Results
The study found a statistically significant difference in the percentage of root canal filling removal between the X2c and VR groups in both the whole canal and apical-third. Additionally, VR demonstrated a shorter retreatment time compared to RB and X2a. Instrument fracture occurred in 40% of the VR group and 20% of the X2a group.
Conclusions
X2 (continuous rotation) and RB files are highly effective and efficient for curved root canal retreatment. Continuous rotation is more efficacious and efficient than adaptive motion with NiTi rotary files.
Clinical Relevance
Single-file retreatment is highly efficacious, cost-effective, and time-efficient in small curved canals.
Antimicrobial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized using Cladosporium herbarum against Pathogenic Microorganisms
Authors: Basheer Manar A. , Abed Nermine N. , Abutaleb Khaled , Mekawey Amal A.
Published: July 2023

Background
Green, eco-friendly, cost effective, safe, and reliable processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms as bio-nanofactories have attracted interest due to its ability in transforming metals into nanosize to their use in various fields. In this study silver nitrate and supernatants of Cladosporium herbarum isolated from water samples of Qarun Lake, Egypt was used for extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their activity against different pathogenic microorganisms was tested.
Methods
Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using four isolated marine fungi, the reaction parameters were optimised and the biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various analytical techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-Ray analysis. Antimicrobial activity and mode of action of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were tested against variety of pathogens (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi).
Results
The results revealed that biosynthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by marine fungus Cladosporium herbarum are proven to have potent antimicrobial effect against different pathogens with optimum substrate concentration of 5 Mm at 37 oC, 6 pH, and 24 h incubation time. TEM analysis revealed the formation of spherical, well-dispersed nanoparticles with size ranging between 4 and 23.1 nm and FTIR shows the bands at 556, 762, 1349, 1451, 1562, 1620, and 3352 cm− 1 corresponding to the binding vibrations of stretch of alkyl halides, C-H group, O-H group of phenol, C-N group of amides, NH2 group, N-H group, and–OH group, respectively.
Conclusions
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by Cladosporium herbarum could be a promising product used as antimicrobial agents against various pathogenic microbes.
Total body surface area burned and intensive care unit admission greatly influence scar microbiome composition in patients with burns
Authors: Jung Yeongyun , Joo So Young , Seo Cheong Hoon , Cui Hui Song , Lee Eun Kyung , Cho Yoon Soo
Published: July 2023

Skin microbiome dysbiosis has deleterious effects. Factors influencing pathological burn scar formation, which affects the scar microbiome composition, are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of various factors influencing pathological scar formation on scar microbiome composition in patients with burns. We collected samples from the burn scar center and margin of 40 patients with burns, subgrouped by factors influencing pathological scar formation. Scar microbiome composition-influencing factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Skin graft, hospitalization period, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, burn degree, sex, age, total body surface area burned (TBSA), time post-injury, transepidermal water loss, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein levels were factors influencing burn scar microbiome composition. Only TBSA and ICU admission showed significant differences in alpha diversity. Alpha diversity significantly decreased with the increase in TBSA and was significantly lower in patients admitted than in those not admitted to ICU. Furthermore, we identified microorganisms associated with various explanatory variables. Our cross-sectional systems biology study confirmed that various variables influence the scar microbiome composition in patients with burns, each of which is associated with various microorganisms. Therefore, these factors should be considered during application of skin microbiota for burn treatments.
Electrical stimulation of the diaphragm may counteract muscle degradation during prolonged mechanical ventilation: A pilot study using transcriptome analyses
Authors: Nakai Hideki , Hirata Yutaka , Furue Hidemasa , Oku Yoshitaka
Published: July 2023

Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD), a dysfunction of the diaphragm muscle caused by prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV), is an important factor that hinders successful weaning from ventilation. We aimed to evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation of the diaphragm muscle on genetic changes during 12 hours of MV (E-V12). Rats were divided into four groups: control, 12-hour MV, sham operation, and E-V12 groups. Transcriptome analysis using an RNA microarray revealed that 12-hour MV caused upregulation of genes promoting muscle atrophy and downregulation of genes facilitating muscle synthesis, suggesting that 12-hour MV is a reasonable method for establishing a VIDD rat model. Of the genes upregulated by 12-hour MV, 18 genes were not affected by the sham operation but were downregulated by E-V12. These included genes related to catabolic processes, inflammatory cytokines, and skeletal muscle homeostasis. Of the genes downregulated by 12-hour MV, 6 genes were not affected by the sham operation but were upregulated by E-V12. Those included genes related to oxygen transport and mitochondrial respiration. These results suggested that 12-hour MV shifted gene expression in the diaphragm muscle toward muscle degradation and that electrical stimulation counteracted this shift by suppressing catabolic processes and improving mitochondrial respiration.
FAT4 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells is Associated with Prognosis and Immune Cell Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Jing , Lv Minling , Huang Qi , Hu Rui , Zhong Xin , Sun Xinfeng , Feng Wenxing , Han Zhiyi , Ma MengQing , Zhang Wei , Zhou Xiaozhou
Published: July 2023

Background：Studies have reported that peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mRNA is a biomarker associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor immune infiltration. This study aimed to identify prognostically relevant genes in HCC PBMCs and to investigate whether gene expression in HCC PBMCs can be employed as a biomarker associated with HCC tumor immune infiltration.
Methods：Using RNA sequencing analysis, gene expression in PBMCs from patients with advanced (stage C) or terminal (stage D) HCC that had survived or died, was examined, and the expression of the top ten genes was validated. Additionally, correlations among FAT atypical cadherin 4 (FAT4) expression, cancer immune characteristics, and infiltrated immune cell gene marker sets in patients with HCC were analyzed using data from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, and Tumor-Immune System Interactions databases. Subsequently, microRNAs regulating FAT4 expression were identified using correlation, expression, and survival analyses.
Results：FAT4 expression was lower in the PBMCs of patients with advanced or terminal HCC that had died, compared with those that had survived. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that downregulated FAT4 was associated with a relatively poor prognosis, whereas FAT4 overexpression was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration, several immune cell markers, and immune checkpoint expression. Hsa-miR-93-5p was identified as the most probable upstream microRNA of FAT4 in HCC.
Conclusions：These results suggest that increased FAT4 expression in PBMCs and HCC tissues might be associated with a favorable prognosis and increased immune cell infiltration, while miRNA-93-5p-mediated downregulation of FAT4 may have an important role in HCC prognosis and tumor immune infiltration. Collectively, these findings suggest potential directions for the development of novel immunotherapy targets for HCC.
Reliability and validity of a questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitude and practice regarding “oil, salt and sugar” among canteen staff
Authors: Mo Zhenhan , Li Xiaofan , Zhai Yuting , Men Yanyan , Tang Yuying , Qiao Jiarui , Jia Xue , Huang Yujie , Wang Baozhen
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Excessive intake of oil, salt and sugar is closely associated with the prevalence of NCDs. Canteen staff’s knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about oil, salt and sugar directly affect the content of them in dishes and the consumers’ intake. However, there is no valid questionnaire used to assess KAP among canteen staff about the “oil, salt and sugar”. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish and validate a questionnaire to evaluate the KAP of canteen staff about the “oil, salt and sugar”.
Methods: A total of 100 canteen staff randomly selected from three different college canteens in Shandong Province. Participants completed the questionnaire and retested 1 month later. Internal reliability and test-retest reliabilitywere assessed using Cronbach’s α and Pearson correlation coefficients, respectively. Validity was assessed using the exploratory factor analysis.
Results: A total of 100 participants finished the questionnaire of which 66% were females with a mean age of 40.3 years. The Cronbach’s α coefficients of the questionnaire and each dimension were 0.822, 0.830, 0.752 and 0.700, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficient is 0.968; In exploratory factor analysis, 9 common factors are extracted, with a total of 26 items, and the cumulative contribution rate is 70.923%.
Conclusions: The questionnaire had asatisfactory property for measuring the KAP of the “oil, salt and sugar” among canteen staff in China.
Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics reveal Mechanism of Tuina in the Treatment of Frozen Shoulder：A research report based on rats
Authors: Qiao Yingjie , Wang Jianmin , Zheng Lijun , Yang Yanhong , Li Huadong , Li Muzhen , Zhang Shidong , Wang Hongyi , Zhang Tiantian
Published: July 2023

Frozen shoulder (FS) is a common disorder often treated with tuina, but the mechanisms involved remain unknown. We established proteomics and phosphoproteomics to investigate the mechanisms associated with the treatment of capsule fibrosis in FS rats. We used a method consisting of three weeks of cast immobilisation to establish a model of FS. We then administered Tuina once daily for 14 days, evaluated histological changes and screened for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) using proteomics and phosphoproteomics. This study showed that Tuina could inhibit capsule fibrosis in FS rats. Proteomics revealed proteins regulated by Tuina belonging to the PI3K-AKT and ECM receptor interaction signaling pathways. Thbs1, Vtn and Tnn were significantly enriched in these pathways and highly expressed in the model rat. Tuina resulted in suppressed expression of these proteins. Phosphoproteomics detected differentially expressed proteins regulated by Tuina were enriched in MAPK, endocrine resistance, FoxO and central carbon metabolism in cancer pathways. The combination of proteomics and phosphoproteomics for PPI network analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of Myh3 and Srsf1 have an important regulatory effect. Our results demonstrated the mechanisms behind the inhibition of FS capsule fibrosis following Tuina, a scientific medical therapy for FS patients.
Downregulation of long noncoding RNA B4GALT1-AS1 is associated with Breast Cancer development
Authors: ahvaz Samaneh , Amini Mohammad , Yari Amirhossein , Baradaran Behzad , Jebelli Asiyeh , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad
Published: July 2023

The misregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is related to the progressive evolution of various human cancers, such as Breast cancer (BC). The role of lncRNA B4GALT1-AS1 has been investigated in some human cancers. Therefore, studying B4GALT1-AS1 expression was aimed for the first time in the tumor and marginal tissues of BC in this study. The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database was utilized to evaluate the relative expression of B4GALT1-AS1 in BC and other cancers. RNA was extracted from twenty-eight paired BC and marginal tissues and cDNA was synthesized. The quantitative expression level of B4GALT1-AS1 was evaluated using real-time PCR. The bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify co-expression genes and related pathways. B4GALT1-AS1 was significantly downregulated in BC specimens compared to tumor marginal samples. The TCGA data analysis confirmed the downregulation of B4GALT1-AS1 in BC. The bioinformatics analysis discovered the correlation between 700 genes and B4GALT1-AS1 and identified GNAI1 as the high degree gene which was positively correlated with B4GALT1-AS1 expression. It seems B4GALT1-AS1 provides its function, at least partly, in associated with one of the hippo pathway components, YAP, in other cancers. This protein has the opposite role in BC and its loss of function can result in the poor survival in BC. Further researches are needed to investigate the interaction between B4GALT1‐AS1 and YAP in various subtypes of BC.