bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pose‐to‐Motion: Cross‐Domain Motion Retargeting with Pose Prior
Authors: Zhao Qingqing , Li Peizhuo , Yifan Wang , Olga Sorkine‐Hornung , Wetzstein Gordon
Published: October 2024

Creating plausible motions for a diverse range of characters is a long‐standing goal in computer graphics. Current learning‐based motion synthesis methods rely on large‐scale motion datasets, which are often difficult if not impossible to acquire. On the other hand, pose data is more accessible, since static posed characters are easier to create and can even be extracted from images using recent advancements in computer vision. In this paper, we tap into this alternative data source and introduce a neural motion synthesis approach through retargeting, which generates plausible motion of various characters that only have pose data by transferring motion from one single existing motion capture dataset of another drastically different characters. Our experiments show that our method effectively combines the motion features of the source character with the pose features of the target character, and performs robustly with small or noisy pose data sets, ranging from a few artist‐created poses to noisy poses estimated directly from images. Additionally, a conducted user study indicated that a majority of participants found our retargeted motion to be more enjoyable to watch, more lifelike in appearance, and exhibiting fewer artifacts. Our code and dataset can be accessed here.
Learning to Move Like Professional Counter‐Strike Players
Authors: Durst D. , Xie F. , Sarukkai V. , Shacklett B. , Frosio I. , Tessler C. , Kim J. , Taylor C. , Bernstein G. , Choudhury S. , Hanrahan P. , Fatahalian K.
Published: October 2024

In multiplayer, first‐person shooter games like Counter‐Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO), coordinated movement is a critical component of high‐level strategic play. However, the complexity of team coordination and the variety of conditions present in popular game maps make it impractical to author hand‐crafted movement policies for every scenario. We show that it is possible to take a data‐driven approach to creating human‐like movement controllers for CS:GO. We curate a team movement dataset comprising 123 hours of professional game play traces, and use this dataset to train a transformer‐based movement model that generates human‐like team movement for all players in a “Retakes” round of the game. Importantly, the movement prediction model is efficient. Performing inference for all players takes less than 0.5 ms per game step (amortized cost) on a single CPU core, making it plausible for use in commercial games today. Human evaluators assess that our model behaves more like humans than both commercially‐available bots and procedural movement controllers scripted by experts (16% to 59% higher by TrueSkill rating of “human‐like”). Using experiments involving in‐game bot vs. bot self‐play, we demonstrate that our model performs simple forms of teamwork, makes fewer common movement mistakes, and yields movement distributions, player lifetimes, and kill locations similar to those observed in professional CS:GO match play.
SketchAnim: Real‐time sketch animation transfer from videos
Authors: Rai Gaurav , Gupta Shreyas , Sharma Ojaswa
Published: October 2024

Animation of hand‐drawn sketches is an adorable art. It allows the animator to generate animations with expressive freedom and requires significant expertise. In this work, we introduce a novel sketch animation framework designed to address inherent challenges, such as motion extraction, motion transfer, and occlusion. The framework takes an exemplar video input featuring a moving object and utilizes a robust motion transfer technique to animate the input sketch. We show comparative evaluations that demonstrate the superior performance of our method over existing sketch animation techniques. Notably, our approach exhibits a higher level of user accessibility in contrast to conventional sketch‐based animation systems, positioning it as a promising contributor to the field of sketch animation. https://graphics-research-group.github.io/SketchAnim/
Creating a 3D Mesh in A‐pose from a Single Image for Character Rigging
Authors: Lee Seunghwan , Liu C. Karen
Published: October 2024

Learning‐based methods for 3D content generation have shown great potential to create 3D characters from text prompts, videos, and images. However, current methods primarily focus on generating static 3D meshes, overlooking the crucial aspect of creating an animatable 3D meshes. Directly using 3D meshes generated by existing methods to create underlying skeletons for animation presents many challenges because the generated mesh might exhibit geometry artifacts or assume arbitrary poses that complicate the subsequent rigging process. This work proposes a new framework for generating a 3D animatable mesh from a single 2D image depicting the character. We do so by enforcing the generated 3D mesh to assume an A‐pose, which can mitigate the geometry artifacts and facilitate the use of existing automatic rigging methods. Our approach aims to leverage the generative power of existing models across modalities without the need for new data or large‐scale training. We evaluate the effectiveness of our framework with qualitative results, as well as ablation studies and quantitative comparisons with existing 3D mesh generation models.
Increased coproporphyrin serum levels in healthy volunteers treated with the cholesterol uptake inhibitor ezetimibe
Authors: Kinzi Jonny , Grube Markus , Seibert Isabell , Siegmund Werner , Meyer zu Schwabedissen Henriette E.
Published: October 2024

Ezetimibe undergoes glucuronidation that results in the active metabolite ezetimibe phenoxy‐glucuronide (ezetimibe‐glucuronide). This phase‐II metabolite was shown to interact with the clinically relevant hepatic transporter organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1. In recent years, coproporphyrin I (CPI) was established as a Tier 1 biomarker for OATP1B‐mediated interactions among other endogenous substrates like CPIII. To evaluate whether levels of the biomarker are affected by ezetimibe treatment, we assessed the impact of ezetimibe and ezetimibe‐glucuronide on OATP1B1‐mediated transport of CPs in vitro. Then, we quantified CP levels in serum samples of healthy volunteers treated with a single oral dose of ezetimibe (20 mg) alone or in combination with rifampin (600 mg). Results from our in vitro experiments showed a significant reduction in cellular CPI accumulation in the presence of ezetimibe‐glucuronide with an IC50 of 1.97 μM [95% CI: 1.04 to 3.96], while CPIII accumulation was impacted by 10 μM and above. In the in vivo study, we observed peak CP concentrations 1.33 h after dosing, which is closest to the tmax of the ezetimibe metabolite. Co‐administration of ezetimibe with rifampin resulted in even higher serum CP levels. The AUC0–24h of CPI and CPIII increased two‐ and threefold, respectively, after concomitant dosing compared to ezetimibe alone. Moreover, we quantified CP levels in cumulative urine from both study phases where the renally excreted amount (Ae) of CPI and CPIII increased after ezetimibe and rifampin co‐administration compared to ezetimibe alone. In conclusion, our findings indicate that rifampin co‐administration results in additional inhibition of OATP1B1 in vivo.
Scoping review of the ethical regulations for Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementia research in Africa
Authors: Yakubu Aminu , Adedeji Isaac , Jegede Ayodele , Mendoza‐Cervantes Diana , Adebamowo Clement
Published: October 2024

We conducted a scoping review to ascertain the landscape of ethics regulations for AD/ADRD research in Africa using Arksey and O'Malley's framework. We sourced regulations from the International Compilation of Human Research Standards. We included regulations from 14 countries published between 1997 and 2020. Provisions in the regulations applicable to research in AD/ADRD were part of broader sub‐provisions for research such as with persons under legal disability. Regulations mostly required the appointment of Legally Authorised Representatives, as a major protection for persons with AD/ADRD. Provisions supporting capacity assessment and advance directives were only provided in regulations from five and two countries respectively. No regulation cited the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as a foundational instrument for its provisions. In conclusion, regulations specifically applicable to research among AD/ADRD or other cognitively impaired persons in Africa are scarce and provisions in existing regulations mostly lack specificity for practical implementation.
Glycaemic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes over 34 weeks with the Omnipod® 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System
Authors: Davis Georgia M. , Peters Anne L. , Bode Bruce W. , Carlson Anders L. , Dumais Bonnie , Vienneau Todd E. , Huyett Lauren M. , Ly Trang T.
Published: October 2024

Aims

The aim was to evaluate the effect of extended use of the Omnipod® 5 Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) System in adults with type 2 diabetes and suboptimal glycaemic control.

Materials and Methods

Following an 8‐week single‐arm, multicentre, outpatient trial of AID in adults with type 2 diabetes and baseline HbA1c ≥ 8% (≥ 64 mmol/mol), participants were given the opportunity to continue use of the AID system in a 26‐week (~6 month) extension phase. The primary safety endpoints were percentage of time with sensor glucose ≥ 250 mg/dL and < 54 mg/dL. Additional glycaemic measures, including percentage of time in range (TIR) (70–180 mg/dL) and HbA1c, were evaluated. The use of non‐insulin anti‐hyperglycaemic medications was permitted throughout the entire study.

Results

During the initial 8‐week study, participants (N = 22) achieved a decrease in percentage of time ≥ 250 mg/dL from 27.4% ± 21.0% to 10.5% ± 8.8% (p < 0.0001), which further decreased to 9.7% ± 9.2% during the extension phase (p = 0.0002 vs. standard therapy). Percentage of time < 54 mg/dL remained low from standard therapy through extension (median [interquartile range] 0.00% [0.00%, 0.06%] vs. 0.02% [0.00%, 0.05%], p > 0.05). HbA1c decreased by 1.6% ± 1.2% (15.5 ± 13.1 mmol/mol, p < 0.0001) and TIR increased by 22.4% ± 19.2% (p < 0.0001) from standard therapy through extension with no significant change in body mass index and without an observed increase in total daily insulin requirements.

Conclusions

These longer‐term findings of Omnipod 5 AID System use demonstrate the potential value of AID in helping people with type 2 diabetes reach glycaemic targets.
An MBA capstone that's out of this world: Commercializing NASA patents
Authors: McAlindon Peter , Loughry Misty L. , Ford Robert C.
Published: October 2024

Capstone classes can help MBA programs achieve student learning goals and meet accreditation standards. However, such programs often fail to build the skills they are intended to develop. Technology transfer projects can be an effective way to build these skills while creating a positive economic impact. This article describes Crummer Graduate School of Business at Rollins College's MBA program's integrative capstone experience that partners with NASA to allow student teams to commercialize unused or underutilized NASA patents to develop new products and create business startups using a 4Ps model. First, students examine Patents for intellectual property that could be transferred to new applications with commercial potential. Next, they develop a knowledge network of Partners who could assist them to commercialize the technology. Then, students identify Prospects for the proposed commercial use of the technology. Finally, they Package a newly developed, market‐ready product with strategy, financial, sales and marketing plans, and pitch these to angel investors who might fund the startup and assist them in starting the business. This article details the 20 steps in the 4Ps model and discusses student outcomes, as well as the business focus of the 29 teams that have completed the course since 2012. Benefits, challenges, and advice for delivering the 4Ps model are discussed.
Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries: 5‐Year Experience From a Single Center
Authors: Savly Oung , Pereira Sujith S. , Ladin Ponn
Published: October 2024

Complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is the most common cause of cyanosis in the first week of life. Prenatal diagnosis helps with counseling, planning delivery, and postnatal management for resource‐rich health services. In a resource‐limited setting, postnatal diagnosis is the norm. This work examines cases of complete TGA in one center in Cambodia without prenatal testing. Twenty‐four cases were studied over 5 years. Complex TGA was frequently seen. The majority had normal coronary anatomy and arterial switch operation (ASO) was performed in most cases with a favorable outcome.
Impact of Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Cytokines on Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Wang Ji‐Gan , Dou Hui‐Hong , Liang Qiong‐You
Published: October 2024

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder, and recent research suggests that gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokines may play a significant role in its pathogenesis. However, the specific effects of these factors on ITP and their relationships remain unclear. We conducted a two‐step, two‐sample Mendelian randomization study using an inverse variance‐weighted approach to investigate the causal role of the gut microbiota in ITP and the mediating effect of inflammatory cytokines on their association. The results showed that among the 473 gut microbiota species, 11 were positively associated and 12 were negatively associated with the risk of ITP. Among the 91 screened inflammatory cytokines, five (CXCL10, CXCL5, IL‐12RA, TRAIL, and VEGF‐A) were found to have a causal relationship with ITP. Mediation analysis revealed that the gut microbiota UBA1066 promoted the occurrence of ITP through CXCL10 mediation, with a mediation effect of 0.118932 (95% CI: 0.049471–0.188393) accounting for 9.95% of the total effect. Gut microbiota Treponema promoted ITP through VEGF‐A mediation, with a mediation effect of 0.045873 (95% CI: 0.01456–0.07718) accounting for 4.28% of the total effect. Gut microbiota Haloplasma promoted the occurrence of ITP via CXCL5. The mediating effect of CXCL5 was 0.038409 (95% CI = 0.00107718–0.07575082), with a mediating ratio of 16.79%. This study revealed a causal relationship between gut microbiota composition and ITP risk, highlighting three inflammatory cytokines as potential causal mediators of this relationship. These findings provide potential targets and biomarkers for the prevention and treatment of ITP with significant clinical implications.
Overall Survival and Treatment Patterns Among Patients With Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Sweden: A Nationwide Population‐based Study
Authors: Cherif Honar , Cai Qian , Crivera Concetta , Leon Ann , Rahman Iffat , Leval Amy , Noel Wim , Kjellander Christian
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) is a rare autoantibody‐mediated disorder, and first‐line treatment primarily relies on corticosteroids. This study assessed overall survival (OS) and treatment patterns of wAIHA in Sweden.

Methods

Adults with ≥ 1 primary diagnosis code for wAIHA (or AIHA plus oral corticosteroids (OCS)/immunosuppressants as sensitivity analyses) between 2011 and 2022 were identified from five Swedish national registers and linked through each patient's unique identity number. Kaplan–Meier curves with log‐rank tests and Cox regressions were performed to assess OS for patients with primary versus secondary wAIHA and patients with wAIHA and long‐term versus short‐term (≥ 3 vs. < 3 months) OCS users.

Results

The main analysis included 292 patients; 1791 patients were included in the sensitivity analysis. At a median 3.7‐year follow‐up, a median OS in primary wAIHA was not reached versus 6.0 years for secondary wAIHA (log‐rank test: p = 0.003). Subgroup analyses showed no significant difference in risk of death between long‐term and short‐term OCS users; however, in the sensitivity analysis, long‐term OCS users showed significantly higher risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.180, 1.781; p < 0.001) versus short‐term OCS users.

Conclusion

Secondary wAIHA or long‐term OCS use was associated with lower OS, underscoring the disease burden and unmet need for efficacious wAIHA treatments.
Economic and societal burden of myasthenia gravis in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden: A population‐based registry study
Authors: Piehl Fredrik , Vissing John , Mehtälä Juha , Berggren Fredrik , Lindberg‐Schager Ingrid , Pitsi Didier , Tsitlakidis Evangelos , Vesikansa Aino , Väänänen Riina‐Minna , Ylisaukko‐oja Tero , Atula Sari
Published: October 2024

Background and purpose

Health care resource utilization (HCRU) and the economic burden of myasthenia gravis (MG) are significant, but existing studies rarely include comprehensive nationwide data. We examined HCRU and direct and indirect costs associated with MG overall and by disease severity in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.

Methods

Data were collected retrospectively from nationwide health and social care registries. All individuals ≥18 years of age with ≥2 International Classification of Diseases diagnoses of MG between 2000 and 2020 were included. HCRU, direct (inpatient and outpatient contacts, medication) and indirect costs (early retirement, sick leave, death), and associated factors were calculated.

Results

The full study cohort comprised 8622 people with MG (pwMG). Mean annual numbers of all‐cause secondary health care contacts for pwMG were 3.4 (SD = 8.3), 7.0 (SD = 12.3), and 2.9 (SD = 3.9), with mean annual total costs of €12,185, €9036, and €5997 per person in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, respectively. Inpatient periods, involving 77%–89% of study participants in the three countries, contributed most to direct costs, whereas the majority of indirect costs resulted from early retirement in Denmark and Finland, and sick leave periods in Sweden. Mean annual total costs were highest with very severe MG (€19,570–€33,495 per person across the three countries). Female sex and comorbidities, such as mental and behavioral disorders and severe infections, were also associated with higher total costs.

Conclusions

This population‐based study shows a high level of HCRU and a significant direct and indirect economic burden of MG across three Nordic countries, especially for severe forms of MG.
Longitudinal evaluation of retinal neuroaxonal loss in epilepsy using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Stauner Livia , Bao Han , Delazer Luisa , Kirsch Isabel , Christmann Tara , Noachtar Soheyl , Havla Joachim , Lauseker Michael , Kaufmann Elisabeth
Published: October 2024

Objective

People with epilepsy (PwE) suffer from progressive brain atrophy, which is reflected as neuroaxonal loss on the retinal level. This study aims to provide initial insight into the longitudinal dynamics of the retinal neuroaxonal loss and possible driving factors.

Methods

PwE and healthy controls (HC; 18–55 years of age) underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography at baseline and 7.0 ± 1.5 and 6.7 ± 1.0 months later, respectively. The change in retinal thickness/volume and annualized percentage change (APC) were calculated for the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), the macular RNFL (mRNFL), the ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIP), the inner nuclear layer, and the total macular volume (TMV). Group comparisons and multiple linear models with stepwise backward selection were performed to evaluate associations with demographic and clinical parameters.

Results

PwE (n = 44, 21 females, mean age = 35.6 ± 10.9 years) revealed a significant decrease in the pRNFL, mRNFL, GCIP, and TMV thickness or volume in the study interval. When compared to HC (n = 56, 37 females, mean age = 32.7 ± 8.3 years), the APC of the pRNFL (−.98 ± 3.13%/year) and the GCIP (−1.24 ± 2.56%/year) were significantly more pronounced in PwE (p = .01 and p = .046, respectively). Of note, atrophy of the mRNFL was significantly influenced by the number of antiseizure medications (ASMs; p = .047) and increasing age of PwE (p = .03). Contradictory results, however, were revealed for the impact of seizures.

Significance

In epilepsy, progression of retinal neuroaxonal loss was already detectable at short‐term follow‐up. PwE who receive a high number of ASMs seem to be at risk for accelerated neuroaxonal loss, stressing the importance of well‐considered and effective antiseizure therapy.
Competitive Fracture Mechanism and Microstructure‐Related Life Assessment of GH4169 Superalloy in High and Very High Cycle Fatigue Regimes
Authors: Lashari Muhammad Imran , Li Cheng , Mahmood Asif , Li Wei
Published: October 2024

High and very high cycle fatigue tests were performed to examine the microstructure and fracture mechanism of GH4169 superalloy in combination with techniques including electron‐backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Fractographic analysis revealed that surface failures are induced by surface flaws, whereas internal failures are caused by pores, facets, and inclusions. The three‐dimensional observation shows that fracture surfaces exhibit an irregular texture due to crystallographic mismatch of grains and plastic deformation at the crack tip. Based on EBSD analysis, Euler angles exhibited a complex geometry of grain orientation at the crack tip area, hindering crack propagation as evidenced by lower values of the Schmid factor and misorientation at the crack tip. Furthermore, the threshold values of small and long cracks decrease, whereas the transformation sizes from small to long crack growth increase from surface to internal failure. Finally, a novel microstructure defect‐based life prediction model is established, and the predicted results demonstrate a close resemblance to experimental outcomes.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of asymmetric stem cell division in tissue homeostasis
Authors: Bolkent Sema
Published: October 2024

The asymmetric cell division determines cell diversity and distinct sibling cell fates by mechanisms linked to mitosis. Many adult stem cells divide asymmetrically to balance self‐renewal and differentiation. The process of asymmetric cell division involves an axis of polarity and, second, the localization of cell fate determinants at the cell poles. Asymmetric division of stem cells is achieved by intrinsic and extrinsic fate determinants such as signaling molecules, epigenetics factors, molecules regulating gene expression, and polarized organelles. At least some stem cells perform asymmetric and symmetric cell divisions during development. Asymmetric division ensures that the number of stem cells remains constant throughout life. The asymmetric division of stem cells plays an important role in biological events such as embryogenesis, tissue regeneration and carcinogenesis. This review summarizes recent advances in the regulation of asymmetric stem cell division in model organisms.
Exploring EFL learners’ need satisfaction, need frustration, and their motivational change in a blended English learning environment
Authors: Du Chenxi , Yang Yingli
Published: October 2024

Despite increasing scholarly attention on L2 motivational changes, little is known about learners’ L2 motivational changes in a blended English learning environment and their relationship with need satisfaction and need frustration. Drawing on self‐determination theory, this study investigated how a blended English learning environment satisfied and frustrated 15 EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners’ basic needs and the relationship between basic needs and motivational changes. Data were collected via questionnaire responses, semi‐structured interviews, and learning records. Thematic analysis revealed that learners exhibited five profiles of motivational changes, with “remaining autonomously motivated” and “changing from controlled to autonomous motivation” as two major types. In addition, the learners’ need satisfaction and need frustration exerted both independent and joint impacts on motivational changes. The joint effect exhibited variation between learners depending on need categories and need strength. Theoretically, the study extends self‐determination theory by adding the need for novelty to the original tripartite taxonomy of basic needs. In addition, the study provides empirical evidence for the debate on the independent and interaction effects regarding the roles of need satisfaction and need frustration. Pedagogical implications are proposed regarding the design of blended English courses.
Combination therapy of negative pressure wound therapy and antibiotic‐loaded bone cement for accelerating diabetic foot ulcer healing: A prospective randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhong Meifang , Guo Jiawei , Qahar Mulan , Huang Guangtao , Wu Jun
Published: October 2024

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and antibiotic‐loaded bone cement (ALBC) are commonly used treatments for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). However, the combined efficacy of these two modalities remains unclear. This clinical study aimed to assess the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of NPWT&ALBC in the management of DFUs. A total of 28 patients were recruited, 16 of whom served as controls and received only NPWT, whilst 12 received NPWT&ALBC. Both groups underwent wound repair surgery following the treatments. Blood samples were obtained to detect infections and inflammation. Wound tissue samples were also collected before and after the intervention to observe changes in inflammation, vascular structure and collagen through tissue staining. Compared with the NPWT group, the NPWT&ALBC group exhibited a superior wound bed, which was characterised by reduced inflammation infiltration and enhanced collagen expression. Immunostaining revealed a decrease in IL‐6 levels and an increase in α‐SMA, CD68, CD206 and collagen I expression. Western blot analysis demonstrated that NPWT&ALBC led to a decrease in inflammation levels and an increase in vascularization and collagen content. NPWT&ALBC therapy tends to form a wound bed with increased vascularization and M2 macrophage polarisation, which may contribute to DFUs wound healing.
Taxonomic diversity, distribution, and ecology of the freshwater fishes of the Zambezian Lowveld Ecoregion in southern Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Ntokoane Tholoana , Vreven Emmanuel J. W. M. N. , Bragança Pedro H. N. , Kadye Wilbert T. , Chakona Albert
Published: October 2024

The Zambezian Lowveld Ecoregion (ZLE) is one of the 22 freshwater ecoregions covering southern Africa. This ecoregion covers ~520,418 km2 and extends from south of the Zambezi Delta in the north to the uMngeni River basin in the south. This study aimed to compile a comprehensive synthesis of the available information on the diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes in this ecoregion based on natural history collection holdings by reviewing the published scientific literature. In total, 105 native species belonging to 39 genera and 17 families were recorded from the ZLE. An important proportion, 20 (19%), of the species are considered to be narrow‐range endemics. Nevertheless, the majority of them (81%) are considered to have broad geographic ranges, with some even extending into adjacent ecoregions. However, recent and ongoing studies indicate that the current taxonomy often underestimates the species diversity and therefore overestimates the distribution ranges of the latter group of freshwater fishes concerned. The present synthesis brings to the fore existing knowledge gaps in species diversity and distribution ranges of freshwater fishes of this ecoregion and highlights the need for the use of integrative approaches to address the prevailing taxonomic conflicts.
Low‐Temperature Domestic Deep‐Frying of Soybean‐Cake Tempe in Vegetable Cooking Oils: How Many Times Are Stable to Use?
Authors: Murwani Retno , Kurniati Yoni Anggun Endah , Ambariyanto Ambariyanto , Sinskey Anthony J.
Published: October 2024

Tempe has gained global popularity, with local vegetable oils commonly used for frying. This study evaluates the cooking temperature and stability of five vegetable oils (olive [Oo], palm [Po], canola [Cnlo], sunflower [Sfo], and coconut [Cco]) for deep‐frying Tempe, using acid and peroxide values (AV and PV), antiradical activity, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. AV, PV, and linolenic acid (LNA) were referenced to international standards for vegetable oil (0.6 mg KOH/g, 10 mEq of oxygen/kg oil, and 2% for AV, PV, LNA respectively). The initial oil temperature was 130°C ± 1°C, with final temperatures between 145.7°C ± 6.8°C at the lowest and 156.8°C ± 13.0°C at the highest, well below existing studies (≥170°C–250°C). Based on AV and PV, Oo, Po, and Cco were stable up to the fourth, fifth, and eighth frying repeat (FR). The PV of Cnlo (10.2 mEq of oxygen/kg oil) and Sfo (15.5 mEq of oxygen/kg oil) exceeded the maximum limit after one use. The Fresh Cnlo LNA (7.35%) was higher than the limit, while the rest of the oils remained lower and stable until the seventh FR. Po exhibited the highest average antiradical activity (85.42% ± 4.63%), followed by Oo (31.01% ± 10.26%), Sfo (27.96% ± 9.67%), Cnlo (21.85% ± 5.71%), and Cco (14.40% ± 3.46%). Cco had the highest saturated fatty acids (SFA), Oo had the highest monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and Sfo had the highest polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). No significant SFA, MUFA, or PUFA changes were observed up to the seventh FR. Trans‐fatty acids C18:1n 9T and C18:2n 6T were undetected in fresh and used oil, indicating a unique character in low‐temperature deep‐frying in domestic settings. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of low‐temperature deep‐frying of Tempe. It suggests that Oo, Po, Cnlo, Sfo, and Cco were stable to deep‐fried Tempe for four, five, zero, one, and eight FR, respectively. Deep‐frying Tempe at lower temperatures and for a shorter duration may enhance its health benefits and help retain its flavor.”
Peak expiratory flow predicts motoric cognitive risk syndrome: A cohort study
Authors: Ho Jim Q. , Kuschner Ware G. , Verghese Joe
Published: October 2024

Background

Poor respiratory function, including low peak expiratory flow (PEF), is a risk factor for dementia. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a predementia syndrome characterized by slow gait and subjective cognitive complaints. However, the association between PEF and MCR remains unclear. This study examined the cross‐sectional and longitudinal association between PEF and MCR.

Methods

The National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), which is a nationally representative cohort of adults ≥65 years of age in the United States, was analyzed from 2011 to 2017. Logistic regression and discrete‐time proportional hazards models tested the association of PEF standardized residuals (SR) at baseline with prevalent and incident MCR, respectively. The models adjusted for multiple sociodemographic and health‐related covariates.

Results

Among 5328 participants (57% women) included at baseline, lower PEF SR was associated with higher prevalence of MCR. Compared with the ≥80 PEF SR percentile group, the <30 and 30–50 percentile groups had significantly higher odds of prevalent MCR (OR 3.04 [95% CI 1.85, 5.01]; OR 2.06 [95% CI 1.19, 3.54], respectively). Over six years of follow‐up, lower PEF SR was also associated with higher incidence of MCR. Compared with the ≥80 PEF SR percentile group, the <30 and 30–50 percentile groups had significantly higher risk of incident MCR (HR 1.81 [95% CI 1.24, 2.66]; HR 1.55 [95% CI 1.02, 2.34], respectively).

Conclusions

Lower PEF was associated with higher prevalence and incidence of MCR. Poor respiratory function should be further investigated as a potentially modifiable risk factor for MCR and cognitive decline.
Development and Validation of a Novel Holistic Skin Quality Assessment Scale
Authors: Martschin Christoph , Bahhady Ruba , Li Jason , Loureiro Walter , Mansour Wesam , Metelitsa Andrei , Minocha Kuldeep , Somenek Michael , Taghetchian Keywan , Tienthavorn Tanongkiet
Published: October 2024

Background

Radiant skin is a common patient request and the result of multiple contributing factors. Currently, there is no standardized methodological approach that facilitates assessment of skin quality from a holistic perspective.

Aim

To develop a holistic methodological process to assess skin quality using a scale that helps identify treatment priorities, facilitates conversation with the subject, and helps manage expectations, supports long‐term treatment plans, and tracks treatment progress over time.

Methods

Ten global experts (dermatologists and esthetic physicians) identified the main measurable aspects that contribute to skin quality, and these were combined to form the Skin Quality Assessment Scale (SQS). The scale comprises four overarching skin quality domains containing nine measurable aspects: texture (pores, lines, scars); discoloration (redness, pigmentation, dullness); firmness (laxity); and hydro‐lipid balance (oiliness, dryness). Each aspect is graded on a 4‐point severity scale (0 = none to 3 = severe). The SQS was validated by a large group of practicing clinicians.

Results

Practicing clinicians (> 40, 78% dermatologists) were surveyed; prior to reviewing the scale, 67% did not use any scale but 81% believed a holistic SQS was needed. After reviewing the scale, 100% agreed the scale provides a holistic assessment of skin quality. In addition, 95% agreed the scale helps assess all key aspects of skin quality with subjects and 98% deemed it valuable for their clinic.

Conclusions

The SQS represents a holistic assessment tool that engages with and manages subjects' expectations, identifies treatment priorities, creates a long‐term treatment plan, and visualizes the skin quality improvement over time.
Prevalence and Predictors of Premature Graying of Hair Before the Age of 30: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almudimeegh Almuntsrbellah M. , AlObaid Sulaiman O. , Albinhar Turki H. , Alwadany Muhannad M. , Alajlan Ahmed H. , Alhedaithi Nora A. , Alawadh Razan M. , Kadasa Abdulaziz N. , Alobaid Abdulaziz S. , Alshathry Yazeed H. , Alsalhi Rakan H.
Published: October 2024

Background

Graying is an inherent and unavoidable consequence of the aging process, impacting individuals of all genders. There are limited studies in Saudi Arabia that have examined the prevalence and predictors of premature graying of hair (PGH).

Objectives

This study aims to explore the prevalence and predictors of PGH before the age of 30 among the population of Saudi Arabia.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional online survey that was conducted between July 2023 and February 2024 in Saudi Arabia. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors of having gray hair before the age of 30.

Results

A total of 1193 participants were involved in this study. A significant portion of respondents reported having gray hair before the age of 30 (55.9%). The younger population (younger than 44 years), smokers, and those who have comorbidities, have anxiety, have depression, have a family history of gray hair before the age of 30 years, have a dry scalp, suffer from vitamin or mineral deficiencies, have hair loss due to immune diseases (such as alopecia), and use minoxidil or rosemary for hair loss were more likely to have gray hair before the age of 30 years (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study highlighted the high prevalence rate and associated predictors of PGH in Saudi Arabia. Identified predictors include genetic, health, and lifestyle factors. Healthcare professionals and decision makers are advised to promote the awareness of the general public on its risk factors to enhance the prevention of PGH. Public health initiatives include campaigns on smoking cessation, healthy nutrition, and mental health.
Putting the Price in Asset Pricing
Authors: CHO THUMMIM , POLK CHRISTOPHER
Published: October 2024

We propose a novel way to estimate a portfolio's abnormal price, the percentage gap between price and the present value of dividends computed with a chosen asset pricing model. Our method, based on a novel identity, resembles the time‐series estimator of abnormal returns, avoids the issues in alternative approaches, and clarifies the role of risk and mispricing in long‐horizon returns. We apply our techniques to study the cross‐section of price levels relative to the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and find that a single characteristic, adjusted value, provides a parsimonious model of CAPM‐implied abnormal price.
The damaging legacy of damage‐centered LGBTIQ+ research: Implications for healthcare and LGBTIQ+ health
Authors: Cipollina Rebecca , Ruben Mollie A. , Maroney Meredith R. , Fu Chanel , Gonzalez Alejandra , Fogwell Nicole Theiss , Bettergarcia Jay , Levitt Heidi M.
Published: October 2024

Research on LGBTIQ+ populations has focused primarily on identifying problems in the community (e.g., health disparities) and their predictors (e.g., minority stressors, discrimination). Scholars have argued that the approach of highlighting “damage” or deficits has been helpful for advocacy but has also harmed this community by perpetuating stereotypes (e.g., LGBTIQ+ individuals are unhealthy), ignoring or devaluing positive LGBTIQ+ experiences, and contributing to negative interactions in healthcare settings. To evaluate the extent to which a damage‐centered approach dominates the body of available research, the authors of this article conducted a content analysis of articles related to LGBTIQ+ health published in the Journal of Social Issues (JSI). The content analysis of 45 years of published manuscripts (1978–2023) revealed a strong emphasis on damage‐centered themes. In response, this article advocates for structural changes that may lead to an increase in research that focuses LGBTIQ+ experiences more holistically, with the overarching goal of reimaging LGBTIQ+ research. Such suggested changes include concentrated research funding and publishing opportunities, medical training that emphasizes a strengths‐based focus, and function‐oriented and autonomy‐promoting LGBTIQ+ research. This article suggests strategies to improve patient‐provider interactions in healthcare and enhance the overall well‐being of LGBTIQ+ communities. It advocates for a deliberate expansion towards a more holistic, less damage‐centered body of research in LGBTIQ+ psychology.
Exploring Bioactive Compounds in Prosopis juliflora Extracts Through Comparative LC–MS Analysis
Authors: Jakatimath Sanjeev , Kumar K. C. Kiran , Mesta R. K. , S. Raghavendra , G. Raghavendra , T. S. Archana , Kumar Devendra
Published: October 2024

The current study was carried out to assess the alkaloid‐enriched constituents of Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae) against bacterial blight of pomegranate. Utilising plant extracts for disease management offers an eco‐friendly approach. In vitro assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for alkaloid‐enriched fractions from the leaves and inflorescence of P. juliflora revealed a 14 mm zone of inhibition, with the lowest MIC value being 30 mg/mL. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of alkaloid‐rich fractions (ARF) from four different tissues of P. juliflora, subjected to LC–MS for alkaloid identification, detected a total of 1489 peaks in positive mode and 240 peaks in negative mode. The highest peaks were detected in the leaves, where 47 metabolites and 9 alkaloids were identified. Ellipticine and ormosanine were found in relatively high concentrations across all four tissues, as indicated by their peak areas. The inflorescence had significantly high concentrations of sparteine, solanidine‐I and puberanidine compared with other parts. Additionally, acetylsolanine was more abundant in the inflorescence, while solasodine‐I was more prevalent in the leaves. A substantial amount of strictosidine was also found in the inflorescence.
Beaver dams in Mediterranean ecosystems: trait‐specific effects on macroinvertebrates
Authors: Mazza G. , Turillazzi F. , Ancillotto L. , Viviano A. , Di Lorenzo T. , Mori E.
Published: October 2024

After centuries of extinction due to human persecution, Eurasian beavers Castor fiber L. have been released to Southern Europe in the last decades. Being ecosystem engineers, beavers have attracted great attention regarding restoration of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Nonetheless, the effects of the species on aquatic invertebrates known to date are not univocal and mostly refer to central European riverine systems. Here, we evaluated the effects of beaver presence on aquatic macroinvertebrates for the first time in a Mediterranean riverine ecosystem, by applying a sound control‐impact sampling design and controlling for seasonal variation in macroinvertebrate assemblage composition. A significant variation in response to season was evident for macroinvertebrate communities, revealing distinct assemblages during spring and summer. Furthermore, the presence of beavers was also identified as a significant driver of species composition, as samples near the beaver dam showed significant variation from control sites. Macroinvertebrate community traits changed according to the relative position to the beaver dam, as control sites featured on average higher abundances of taxa with higher values of bioindication score, larger size, lower adaptation to drag, and were less frequently of introduced origins. Yet, these differences were strongly taxon‐ and season‐specific in their intensity and direction. Differences across sites were mainly driven by the relative abundances of few taxa—including both alien species and high environmental quality indicators—such as those from genera Potamopyrgus, Baetis, Habrophlebia, Ephemerella, Leuctra, and Radix, which explained about 70% of the observed divergence among conditions. Our results indicate that beavers and their engineering activity may induce highly variable species‐specific responses in macroinvertebrates, thus possibly representing a driver of environmental heterogeneity along Mediterranean rivers, and that both bioindicators and alien species may exploit such heterogeneity.
Sepsis associated acute kidney injury is common among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders with septic shock and has poor outcomes: A nested cohort study
Authors: Donaldson L. H. , Hammond N. E. , Smyth K. L. , Agarwal S. , Taylor S. , Bompoint S. , Coombes J. , Bennett‐Brook K. , Bellomo R. , Myburgh J. , Venkatesh B.
Published: October 2024

Exploration of the incidence and outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) broadly, and sepsis associated AKI specifically, in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (First Nations) people has been limited. We compared a nested cohort of First Nations people drawn from a multinational randomised controlled trial of hydrocortisone in septic shock, to a cohort matched for age, sex and severity of illness. Acute Kidney Injury was defined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, as well as incident use of kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Major Adverse Kidney Events (MAKE) were described as the composite of death, new dialysis requirement or persisting kidney dysfunction at hospital discharge. A cohort of 57 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander patients with septic shock was identified. 91.2% (52) of the First Nations cohort met KDIGO criteria for Stage 1 AKI or greater and 63% (36) met Stage 3 criteria. 59.6% (34) of the First Nations required dialysis as compared to 45.6% (26) in the matched cohort. 60.7% (34) of First Nations participants met criteria for MAKE at hospital discharge. The proportions requiring dialysis at 6, 12 and 24 months were 8.3%, 9.1% and 6.9% respectively. The incidences of AKI and MAKE reported in this First Nations cohort are substantially higher than in previously published cohorts of patients with sepsis, even those that use sensitive definitions of AKI. Measures to promote better management of infectious diseases in First Nations communities are required.
Analysis of the Effect of Early Intensified Follow‐Up on the Treatment of Pediatric Flatfoot With Subtalar Arthroereisis
Authors: Liang Hui , Jiang Feijuan , Yan Han
Published: October 2024

As children are a special group, the optimal management approach for pediatric patients with flatfoot after subtalar arthroereisis remains unclear. This study aims to explore the clinical effects of early intensified follow‐up compared to conventional follow‐up for such patients. We conducted a prospective study on 83 pediatric flatfoot patients from January 2019 to June 2022. Patients were divided into early intensive follow‐up and routine follow‐up groups. The study compared preoperative, 3 months postoperative, and 1‐year postoperative Maryland Foot Function Scores, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, etc. At 3 months postoperatively, the early intensified follow‐up group showed significantly higher Maryland Foot Score and surgery satisfaction compared to the conventional follow‐up group. There were no statistical differences in other indicators at 3 months postoperatively, and all observed indicators at 1 year postoperatively. In conclusion, early intensive follow‐up can accelerate the functional recovery process of pediatric flatfoot patients undergoing subtalar arthroereisis and improve surgical satisfaction. Increasing medical resource investment for enhanced postoperative management is valuable for such patients.
The links between experiential learning and 4E cognition
Authors: Lebert Angélique , Vilarroya Óscar
Published: October 2024

In this article, we explore the connections between two distinct approaches: experiential learning (EL) and 4E cognition. EL emphasizes the role of concrete experiences as the building blocks of learning, whereas 4E cognition views cognition as arising from the interactions that an individual has with their physical and social environment. Despite their divergent theoretical frameworks, methodologies, and interests, we argue that both frameworks share a common vision of cognition and that their integration could mutually enhance their respective fields. This article outlines the historical origins and underlying assumptions of both frameworks, highlighting the potential links that can be established between them. Specifically, we explore the significance of embodiment, embeddedness, extended cognition, and enactive processes in learning and cognition. To bridge these frameworks, we propose employing the concept of “concrete experience” as an active engagement of individuals with their physical and social surroundings. By encompassing the essential aspects assigned to concrete experiences in EL, as well as the embodiment, situatedness, extended cognition, and enactive features of 4E cognition, this notion serves as a unifying element. Ultimately, the article suggests that combining the insights from EL and 4E cognition can offer a richer, more holistic understanding of representation.