bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of Garden Landscape Design System Based on Multimodal Intelligent Computing and Deep Neural Network
Authors: Yu Xueyong , Yu Heng , Liu Chunjing
Published: July 2022

The problem of module discrimination and identification in the field of landscape design is the focus of researchers. Based on multimodal intelligent computing, this paper constructs a landscape design system based on deep neural network. The article first uses a deep neural network to train multimodal garden landscape images, and then performs pooling and convolution operations on garden landscape images on the multimodal training model of convergence speed on the edge and solve the problem of low model accuracy. In the simulation process, the neural network module of MATLAB software is used to extract the spatiotemporal features of the dynamic garden landscape image from the three directions of the bottom block of the garden to achieve feature complementarity. This method only uses 15% of the features of the original feature set. The complexity of the recognition system also reduces the recognition error rate. The experimental results show that by adopting the design of feature series fusion, maximum value fusion, and multiplicative fusion in the score layer, the feature series fusion achieves a high accuracy rate under the multiplicative fusion of the three modalities, reaching 77.1%, and the test error is within 0.118, which effectively improves the multimodal characteristics of the integrated landscape and makes the modeling results more accurate.
Music Therapy in Mental Health and Emotional Diversion of Primary and Secondary School Students
Authors: Li Dong
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this paper is to provide a group music therapy intervention for elementary and middle school students with mood disorders through music therapy. To explore the improvement of group music therapy on the dysphoria and state of adolescent patients with mood disorders and to explore the relationship with self-identity. A music activity-based mental health education curriculum was designed based on the results of the current survey, while two homogenous classes were selected as the experimental and control classes; subsequently, the experimental teaching of the music activity-based mental health education curriculum was conducted in the experimental class, and the regular school mental health education curriculum was conducted in the control class, and the pre- and postexperimental scale tests were used to analyze that the curriculum of this study had a positive effect of this study’s curriculum on elementary school students’ positive emotions analyzed through pre- and postexperimental scale tests. The music activity-based mental health education program had a significant positive effect on the overall level of positive emotions of elementary school students, especially in the positive emotion index, happiness index, mental toughness, goal focus, and interpersonal assistance factor. The positive psychology-oriented music activity-based mental health education curriculum is well suited for elementary and middle school students, especially for upper elementary and middle school students. The music activity-based mental health education curriculum realizes the value of applying positive psychology to mental health education efforts at the elementary school level and flexibly uses a variety of related theories to promote positive emotional experiences for elementary and middle school students.
Transcriptomic Insight into Viviparous Growth in Water Lily
Authors: Su Qun , Wang Hong-Yan , Tian Min , Li Chun-Niu , Li Xian-Min , Huang Zhan-Wen , Bu Zhao-Yang , Lu Jia-shi
Published: July 2022

Water lily is an important ornamental flower plant which is capable of viviparous plantlet development. But no study has been reported on the molecular basis of viviparity in water lily. Hence, we performed a comparative transcriptome study between viviparous water lily Nymphaea micrantha and a nonviviparous species Nymphaea colorata at four developmental stages. The higher expression of highly conserved AUX/IAA, ARF, GH3, and SAUR gene families in N. micrantha compared to N. colorata is predicted to have a major impact on the development and evolution of viviparity in water lily. Likewise, differential regulation of hormone signaling, brassinosteroid, photosynthesis, and energy‐related pathways in the two species provide clues of their involvement in viviparity phenomenon. This study revealed the complex mechanism of viviparity trait in water lily. The transcriptomic signatures identified are important basis for future breeding and research of viviparity in water lily and other plant species.
The Effect of Off‐Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients on Aspirin Therapy until Surgery Day
Authors: Liu Zhishuo , Yang Zhonglu , Ge Yuguang , Wang Lu , Jiang Hui
Published: July 2022

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is widely used to treat coronary artery disease, and intraoperative and postoperative bleeding is one of the major factors affecting the efficacy and mortality of CABG. To overcome the adverse effects of extracorporeal circulation (CPB), nonextracorporeal coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) has become the main modality of CABG but is still prone to thromboembolic events. Whether antiplatelet agents should be clinically applied before CABG, especially OPCABG, remains controversial. Aspirin is currently the most important perioperative oral antiplatelet agent for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. In this study, we evaluated the effect of continuing aspirin therapy before OPCABG and observed perioperative performance and physiological indicators to find evidence for continuing aspirin therapy before surgery in China. The study showed that preoperative aspirin application had a positive effect on enhancing early postoperative platelet inhibition without increasing the incidence of adverse effects such as cardiovascular events. This provides an important clinical reference for whether antiplatelet agents should be applied before CABG, especially OPCABG.
Ibuprofen Alleviates Acute Pancreatitis– (AP–) Induced Myocardial Injury by Inhibiting AIM2
Authors: Chen Ke , Wang Shaohua
Published: July 2022

Objective.The lack of certain trace elements such as selenium, molybdenum, magnesium or related nutrients in the soil, water quality and food in the disease area, which caused disturbance of myocardium metabolism and resulted in injury and necrosis. The aim of the study was to explore the mechanism of ibuprofen alleviating myocardial injury caused by acute pancreatitis (AP). Method. We have established AP cell model and rat model. HE staining is used for histological examination. ELISA is used to determine the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and markers of myocardial injury (LDH and CK-MB). qRT-PCR and Western blot are used to analyze the mRNA and protein levels of related genes. Results. The expression level of AIM2 was significantly increased in AP cells; downregulation of AIM2 alleviated inflammation and myocardial injury induced by AP cells; ibuprofen could inhibit the expression of AIM2 and alleviate inflammation and myocardial injury induced by AP cells. In vivo experiments have found that ibuprofen can inhibit the expression of AIM2 to alleviate myocardial injury in AP rat. Conclusion. Ibuprofen can alleviate myocardial injury caused by acute pancreatitis by inhibiting the expression of AIM2.
Construction of Economic Data Management System Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Han Xing
Published: July 2022

In order to further understand the economic data management system and technology, in-depth research was conducted in the state of people’s nervous system feeling. The method of building open platform algorithm to optimize and modify weight rule 2BP grid construction was used to study. According to the basic principle, the BP neural network which is more suitable for economic data management system was constructed. At the same time, to construct economic database resources, neural network system was mainly to simplify and abstract or simulate the human brain nervous system, which is not completely the same, but can also map the basic characteristics of many functions of the human brain. Through the analysis of the economic data of the neural network, the neural network is widely used in the economic data management, which not only improves the management level of enterprises, but also improves the benefits and profits of enterprises. Besides, it has application effect in predicting economic early warning risk analysis cost control strategy management enterprise credit evaluation and enterprise competitiveness evaluation.
Vitamin C Lowers Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Targeting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I Production in a Frequency-Dependent Manner
Authors: Hwang Eun-Sang , Choi Ga-Young , Kim Kwan Joong , Kim Min-Jeong , Lee Seok , Lee Jin-Won , Kim Dae-Ok , Park Ji-Ho
Published: July 2022

The lowering blood pressure effect of vitamin C (VC) has been evaluated in various models. As VC has a fast degradation rate in the body after consumption, a study of the frequency-dependent manner of VC is essential for the sustained antihypertension effect of VC. In this study, we investigated the frequency and dose dependency of vitamin C (VC) on blood pressure reduction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKYs) and SHRs were orally administered tap water or VC (250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/60 kg/day). Blood pressures were measured using the tail-cuff method, and thoracic aortas, liver, and blood were harvested from sacrificed rats after 8 weeks to measure angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and total nitric oxide (NOx) concentration. VC decreased blood pressure from the fourth week with no significant differences between doses. The twice-a-day administration of VC decreased blood pressure from the second week, and the blood pressure in these groups was close to that of the WKY group in the eighth week. Treatment with once a day VC decreased ACE I production which was further significantly reduced in twice a day groups. Angiotensinogen and eNOS production were increased upon VC treatment but were not significant among groups. The NOx content was decreased by VC treatment. These results suggest that VC lowers blood pressure in SHRs by directly targeting ACE I production in a frequency-dependent manner and may improve endothelial function depending on the frequency of administration.
Design of Network Intrusion Detection Model Based on TCA
Authors: Wen Quan
Published: July 2022

The traditional machine learning model cannot effectively identify the new network traffic data set, resulting in the model failure. Therefore, in this paper, by analyzing the problems of current network intrusion detection (NID) and combining the application of transfer theory in the detection model, a NID model based on transfer component analysis (TCA) is proposed. Among them, the specific mathematical derivation of the algorithm and the detection process of transfer model are introduced in detail. Then, the classification performance of KNN and SVM based on TCA algorithm for network abnormal traffic is compared. The results show that the TCA algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of NID, which is meaningful to expand the application scope of network abnormal traffic detection scheme based on machine learning.
[Retracted] A Comparison of Decision Tree Algorithms in the Assessment of Biomedical Data
Authors: Hajjej Fahima , Alohali Manal Abdullah , Badr Malek , Rahman Md Adnan
Published: July 2022

By comparing the performance of various tree algorithms, we can determine which one is most useful for analyzing biomedical data. In artificial intelligence, decision trees are a classification model known for their visual aid in making decisions. WEKA software will evaluate biological data from real patients to see how well the decision tree classification algorithm performs. Another goal of this comparison is to assess whether or not decision trees can serve as an effective tool for medical diagnosis in general. In doing so, we will be able to see which algorithms are the most efficient and appropriate to use when delving into this data and arrive at an informed decision.
Retinoic Acid Receptor Activation Reduces Metastatic Prostate Cancer Bone Lesions by Blocking the Endothelial-to-Osteoblast Transition
Authors: Yu Guoyu , Corn Paul G. , Shen Pengfei , Song Jian H. , Lee Yu-Chen , Lin Song-Chang , Pan Jing , Agarwal Sandeep K. , Panaretakis Theocharis , Pacifici Maurizio , Logothetis Christopher J. , Yu-Lee Li-Yuan , Lin Sue-Hwa
Published: July 2022

Metastatic prostate cancer in the bone induces bone-forming lesions that contribute to progression and therapy resistance. Prostate cancer–induced bone formation originates from endothelial cells (EC) that have undergone endothelial-to-osteoblast (EC-to-OSB) transition in response to tumor-secreted BMP4. Current strategies targeting prostate cancer–induced bone formation are lacking. Here, we show that activation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) inhibits EC-to-OSB transition and reduces prostate cancer–induced bone formation. Treatment with palovarotene, an RARγ agonist being tested for heterotopic ossification in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, inhibited EC-to-OSB transition and osteoblast mineralization in vitro and decreased tumor-induced bone formation and tumor growth in several osteogenic prostate cancer models, and similar effects were observed with the pan-RAR agonist all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Knockdown of RARα, β, or γ isoforms in ECs blocked BMP4-induced EC-to-OSB transition and osteoblast mineralization, indicating a role for all three isoforms in prostate cancer–induced bone formation. Furthermore, treatment with palovarotene or ATRA reduced plasma Tenascin C, a factor secreted from EC-OSB cells, which may be used to monitor treatment response. Mechanistically, BMP4-activated pSmad1 formed a complex with RAR in the nucleus of ECs to activate EC-to-OSB transition. RAR activation by palovarotene or ATRA caused pSmad1 degradation by recruiting the E3-ubiquitin ligase Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor1 (Smurf1) to the nuclear pSmad1/RARγ complex, thus blocking EC-to-OSB transition. Collectively, these findings suggest that palovarotene can be repurposed to target prostate cancer–induced bone formation to improve clinical outcomes for patients with bone metastasis.

Significance:

This study provides mechanistic insights into how RAR agonists suppress prostate cancer–induced bone formation and offers a rationale for developing RAR agonists for prostate cancer bone metastasis therapy.

See related commentary by Bhowmick and Bhowmick, p. 2975
Benign SNPs in the Coding Region of TP53: Finding the Needles in a Haystack of Pathogenic Variants
Authors: Soussi Thierry
Published: July 2022

With the recent explosion in high-throughput genotyping technology, the amount and quality of SNP data have increased exponentially, facilitating the discovery of multiple uncommon SNPs in the human population. To provide unified and centralized resources for the scientific community, several repositories have been developed that aggregate numerous population studies and serve widely as references to filter natural variants in genetic analyses. However, they are largely biased toward European populations. TP53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, and pathogenic germline TP53 variants are associated with several cancer susceptibility disorders such as Li–Fraumeni syndrome. For these reasons, it is essential that TP53 SNPs are rigorously evaluated to avoid misclassifications that could impair patient management. The recent discovery of numerous benign SNPs within the coding region of TP53 can be attributed to surveillance of both global repositories and population-specific databases, with the latter enabling the recognition of additional TP53 SNPs in Japanese, African, and Indian populations. This review summarizes the body of evidence behind the identification of 21 TP53 variants and the information defining them as bona fide SNPs. This illustrates the need to include populations of different ethnic origins in genetic studies and the substantial benefits that can be derived from the information.
Comprehensive Genome Profiling in Patients With Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Precision Medicine Phase II Randomized SAFIR02-Lung/IFCT 1301 Trial
Authors: Barlesi Fabrice , Tomasini Pascale , Karimi Maryam , Michiels Stefan , Raimbourg Judith , Daniel Catherine , Janicot Henri , Madroszyk Anne , Audigier-Valette Clarisse , Quoix Elisabeth , Mazieres Julien , Moro-Sibilot Denis , Dansin Eric , Molinier Olivier , Morel Hugues , Pichon Eric , Cortot Alexis , Otto Josiane , Chomy François , Souquet Pierre-Jean , Cloarec Nicolas , Giroux-Leprieur Etienne , Bieche Ivan , Lacroix Ludovic , Boyault Sandrine , Attignon Valery , Soubeyran Isabelle , Morel Alain , Tran-Dien Alicia , Jacquet Alexandra , Dall'Olio Filippo Gustavo , Jimenez Marta , Soria Jean-Charles , Besse Benjamin
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Targeted therapies (TT) and immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) have revolutionized the approach to non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment in the era of precision medicine. Their impact as switch maintenance therapy based on molecular characterization is unknown.

Patients and Methods:

SAFIR02-Lung/IFCT 1301 was an open-label, randomized, phase II trial, involving 33 centers in France. We investigated eight TT (substudy-1) and one ICB (substudy-2), compared with standard-of-care as a maintenance strategy in patients with advanced EGFR, ALK wild-type (wt) NSCLC without progression after first-line chemotherapy, based on high-throughput genome analysis. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS).

Results:

Among the 175 patients randomized in substudy-1, 116 received TT (selumetinib, vistusertib, capivasertib, AZD4547, AZD8931, vandetanib, olaparib, savolitinib) and 59 standard-of-care. Median PFS was 2.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6–2.9] with TT versus 2.7 months (1.6–4.1) with standard-of-care (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.7–1.36; P = 0.87). There were no significant differences in PFS within any molecular subgroup. In substudy-2, 183 patients were randomized, 121 received durvalumab and 62 standard-of-care. Median PFS was 3.0 months (2.3–4.4) with durvalumab versus 3.0 months (2.0–5.1) with standard-of-care (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.62–1.20; P = 0.38). Preplanned subgroup analysis showed an enhanced benefit with durvalumab in patients with PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥1%, (n = 29; HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11–0.75) as compared with PD-L1 <1% (n = 31; HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.31–1.60; Pinteraction = 0.036).

Conclusions:

Molecular profiling can feasibly be implemented to guide treatment choice for the maintenance strategy in EGFR/ALK wt NSCLC; in this study it did not lead to substantial treatment benefits beyond durvalumab for PD-L1 ≥ 1 patients.
NAC en niños y adolescentes: Pruebas científicas para las políticas de gestión
Authors: Fong-Ponce Briseyra Guadalupe
Published: July 2022

Background: Respiratory infections among children, particularly community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), is a major disease with a high frequency among outpatient and inpatient visits. The causes of CAP vary depending on individual susceptibility, the epidemiological characteristics of the community, and the season. We performed this study to establish a nationwide surveillance network system and identify the causative agents for CAP and antibiotic resistance in Korean children with CAP. Methods: The monitoring network was composed of 28 secondary and tertiary medical institutions. Upper and lower respiratory samples were assayed using a culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from August 2018 to May 2020. Results: A total of 1023 cases were registered in patients with CAP, and PCR of atypical pneumonia pathogens revealed 422 cases of M. pneumoniae (41.3%). Respiratory viruses showed a positivity rate of 65.7% by multiplex PCR test, and human rhinovirus was the most common virus, with 312 cases (30.5%). Two hundred sixty four cases (25.8%) were isolated by culture, including 131 cases of S. aureus (12.8%), 92 cases of S. pneumoniae (9%), and 20 cases of S. pneumoniae (9%), and 20 cases H. Influenzae (2%). The cultured, isolated bacteria may be colonized pathogen. The proportion of co-detection was 49.2%. The rate of antibiotic resistance showed similar results as previous reports. Conclusions: This study will identify the pathogens that cause respiratory infections and analyze the current status of antibiotic resistance to provide scientific evidence for management policies of domestic respiratory infections. Additionally, in preparation for new epidemics, including COVID-19, monitoring respiratory infections in children and adolescents has become more important, and research on this topic should be continuously conducted in the future.
Cytotoxic Effects of the Schweinfurthin Analog 5′-Methylschweinfurthin G in Malignant Plasma Cells
Authors: Manfredi Barbara , Neighbors Jeffrey D. , Hohl Raymond J.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B plasma cell malignancy currently incurable, and novel therapeutics are needed. Evidences regarding the effect of natural compound schweinfurthins suggest that hematological cancers showed growth inhibitory effects to this family of compounds at single nanomolar concentrations. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of the schweinfurthin synthetic analog 5′-methylschweinfurthin G (MeSG) in MM cell lines, to better understand the validity of this compound as a therapeutic candidate for further studies in MM. Methods: MeSG toxicity against MM cell lines RPMI-8226, MM.1S, and H-929 was evaluated. Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays measured cell viability and mitochondrial activity, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to detect apoptotic mitochondria. Flow cytometry and Western blotting techniques were used to investigate apoptosis and to examine the cell cycle. Western blotting was used to determine AKT activation upon MeSG treatment. Results: We provide evidence that in all MM cells analyzed, MeSG exerts diverse cytotoxic effects. MeSG treatment of MM.1S and H-929, but not in RPMI-8226, causes a loss of mitochondria membrane potential. MeSG causes an arrest in G2/M, especially in RPMI-8226, supported by decreased levels of cyclin-B1 and early increased levels of p21. Finally, there is a diverse response to the MeSG treatment for AKT phosphorylation. MM.1S and H-929 showed a marked decrease in AKT phosphorylation at earlier time points compared to the RPMI-8226 line. Conclusions: MeSG cytotoxicity has been confirmed in all of 3 cell lines studied. Results suggest an early event of increased reactive oxygen species, and/or involvement of cholesterol homeostasis via decreased AKT activation, both of which are currently under investigation.
Association between Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 C/T Polymorphism and Diabetic Retinopathy Risk: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yong , Pan Gui-Ping , Cai Jun-Wei , Niu Yu-Ming , Xie Long-Chuan
Published: July 2022

Background: Previous studies have suggested a close association between transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy (DR) susceptibility. However, the published results were inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted to review and examine the relationship between TCF7L2 rs7903146 C/T polymorphism and DR risk. Materials and Methods: Online databases were searched, and the related studies were identified in this meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to examine the statistical power. Moreover, heterogeneity test, sensitivity accumulative analysis, and publication bias were conducted to measure the statistical effect. Result: 6 studies involving 12,982 subjects were included in this meta-analysis to assess the association between rs7903146 C/T polymorphism and DR susceptibility. The synthetic results indicated that the mutation of rs7903146 C/T polymorphism maybe accompanied with an increased risk for DR (T vs. C: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.00–1.60, p = 0.05, I2 = 83.5%; TT vs. CC: OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.12–2.86, p = 0.02, I2 = 80.2%; TT vs. CC + CT: OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.38–1.92, p < 0.01, I2 = 32.3%). Moreover, the subgroup analysis also demonstrated an increasing risk for DR with T mutations in Caucasian descendants. Conclusion: The current evidences of meta-analysis suggested that the TCF7L2 rs7903146 C/T polymorphism might play an important role in DR susceptibility.
Fusidic Acid and Its Major Active Metabolite Penetration into Cerebrospinal Fluid for Assessing Treatment of Intracranial Infections
Authors: Rao Zhi , He Zhong-fang , Zheng Mao-hua , Dang Zi-long , Yang Gang , Zhang Yong-hong , Lu Ning , Wei Yu-hui
Published: July 2022

Fusidic acid (FA) had excellent antimicrobial effects due to its unique mechanism of action. Since 1962, FA has been widely used in the systemic and topical treatment of staphylococcal infections and exhibits a well-characterized potency against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci. In view of the spectrum of activity, no cross-resistance with other clinically used antibiotics, and potential penetration into brain tissue, FA was used to treat possible gra-positive bacteria in 3 patients with intracranial infections in the present report. FA and its active metabolite (3-keto FA) were measured in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to assess the treatment of FA, and the results indicated that 1,500 mg per day of FA was sufficient to achieve therapeutic concentrations in both plasma and CSF in intracranial infection patients, while the dosage did not experience unexpected regimen-related toxicity.
Thromboinflammation: From Atherosclerosis to COVID-19
Authors: Wagner Denisa D. , Heger Lukas A.
Published: July 2022

The activating interplay of thrombosis and inflammation (thromboinflammation) has been established as a major underlying pathway, driving not only cardiovascular disease but also autoimmune disease and most recently, COVID-19. Throughout the years, innate immune cells have emerged as important modulators of this process. As the most abundant white blood cell in humans, neutrophils are well-positioned to propel thromboinflammation. This includes their ability to trigger an organized cell death pathway with the release of decondensed chromatin structures called neutrophil extracellular traps. Decorated with histones and cytoplasmic and granular proteins, neutrophil extracellular traps exert cytotoxic, immunogenic, and prothrombotic effects accelerating disease progression. Distinct steps leading to extracellular DNA release (NETosis) require the activities of PAD4 (protein arginine deiminase 4) catalyzing citrullination of histones and are supported by neutrophil inflammasome. By linking the immunologic function of neutrophils with the procoagulant and proinflammatory activities of monocytes and platelets, PAD4 activity holds important implications for understanding the processes that fuel thromboinflammation. We will also discuss mechanisms whereby vascular occlusion in thromboinflammation depends on the interaction of neutrophil extracellular traps with ultra-large VWF (von Willebrand Factor) and speculate on the importance of PAD4 in neutrophil inflammasome assembly and neutrophil extracellular traps in thromboinflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis and COVID-19.
They Saw a Debate: Political Polarization Is Associated with Greater Multivariate Neural Synchrony When Viewing the Opposing Candidate Speak
Authors: Broom Timothy W. , Stahl Jonathan L. , Ping Elliot E. C. , Wagner Dylan D.
Published: July 2022

With rampant polarization in current U.S. politics, it seems as though political partisans with opposing viewpoints are living in parallel realities. Indeed, prior research shows that people's impressions/attitudes toward political candidates are intertwined with their political affiliation. The current study investigated the relationship between political affiliation and intersubject neural synchrony of multivariate patterns of activity during naturalistic viewing of a presidential debate. Before the 2016 U.S. presidential election, 20 individuals varying in political affiliation underwent functional neuroimaging while watching the first debate between candidates Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Pairs of participants with more polarized political affiliations were higher in neural synchrony in a system of brain regions involved in self-referential processing when viewing the opposing candidate speak compared with that candidate's supporters regardless of which extreme of the political spectrum they occupied. Moreover, pairs of political partisans matching in the candidate they supported were higher in neural synchrony when watching the candidate they opposed compared with the one they both supported. These findings suggest that political groups' shared understanding may be driven more by perceptions of outgroups than of their own party/candidates.
Modeling Distraction: How Stimulus-driven Attention Capture Influences Goal-directed Behavior
Authors: Innes Reilly , Todd Juanita
Published: July 2022

The importance of paying attention to a task at hand is emphasized from an early age and extends throughout life. The costs of attentional focus, however, include the potential to miss important changes in the environment, so some process for monitoring nontask information is essential. In this study, a model of latent cognitive variables was applied to data obtained from a two-alternative forced-choice task where participants identified the longer of two sounds. Using an adaptive procedure task, accuracy was maintained at a higher or lower level creating two difficulties, and the sounds were heard either where frequency changes in the sound were rare or common (oddball and multistandard conditions, respectively). Frequency changes created stimulus-driven “distraction” effects in the oddball sequence only, and cognitive modeling (using the linear ballistic accumulator) attributed these effects to slowed accumulation of evidence about tone length on these trials. Concurrent recording of auditory ERPs revealed these delays in evidence accumulation to be related to the amplitude of N2 or mismatch negativity period and P300 response components. In contrast, the response time on trials after a rare frequency change was associated with increased caution in decision-making. Results support the utility of mapping behavioral and ERP measures of performance to latent cognitive processes that contribute to performance and are consistent with a momentary diversion of resources to evaluate the deviant sound feature and remodel predictions about sound.
The false-blister beetles (Coleoptera, Oedemeridae) of Oman with the description of a new species
Authors: POLONI RICCARDO
Published: July 2022

This paper is the first to deal with the false-blister beetle of the sultanate of Oman: it provides an overview of the biogeography of the country and an annotated checklist of the eight known species, four of which are new for Oman. In addition, a new species, Probosca (Proboxantha) coniuncta n. sp. is described.
First record of the genus Spathiomorpha Tobias, 1976 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) in the New World, with the description of a new species
Authors: BELOKOBYLSKIJ SERGEY A. , ZALDÍVAR-RIVERÓN ALEJANDRO
Published: July 2022

A new species of the doryctine genus Spathiomorpha Tobias, 1976, S. mexicana sp. nov., is described and illustrated from montane region in the state of Chiapas, southeast Mexico. This represents the first record of this genus in the New World. A key to the currently described species of Spathiomorpha genus is provided.
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Perioperative Pain Management and Opioid Risk Reduction Following Surgery: A Stepped Care Approach
Authors: Roberts R. Lynae , Hanley Adam W. , Garland Eric L.
Published: July 2022

Surgical procedures often improve health and function but can sometimes also result in iatrogenic effects, including chronic pain and opioid misuse. Due to the known risks of opioids and the physical, emotional, and financial suffering that often accompanies chronic pain, there has been a call for greater use of complementary non-pharmacological treatments like mindfulness-based interventions. Mindfulness can be broadly described as an attentional state involving moment-by-moment meta-awareness of thoughts, emotions, and body sensations. An expanding number of randomized clinical trials have found strong evidence for the value of mindfulness techniques in alleviating clinical symptomology relevant to surgical contexts. The purpose of this review is to examine the empirical evidence for the perioperative use of mindfulness interventions. We present a mindfulness-based stepped care approach that first involves brief mindfulness to treat preoperative pain and anxiety and prevent development of postoperative chronic pain or opioid misuse. More extensive mindfulness-based interventions are then provided to patients who continue to experience high pain levels or prolonged opioid use after surgery. Finally, we review psychophysiological mechanisms of action that may be integral to the analgesic and opioid sparing effects of mindfulness.
Optimizing Appropriate Disposal of Unused Postoperative Opioid: What Happens to Unused Medication?
Authors: Wlodarczyk Jordan R. , Yoon Dong Hum , Wickham Carey J. , Mirza Kasim L. , Lee Sang W. , Cologne Kyle G. , Ault Glenn T.
Published: July 2022

Background

Increase in opioid prescribing practices has occurred with concurrent increases in the levels of abuse, addiction, and diversion of opioid pain medication. With 82.5 opioid prescriptions prescribed for every 100 U.S. citizens, the need for more effective strategies aimed at improving opioid disposal exist. Our study sought to examine the planned rates of appropriate opioid disposal after introduction of an activated charcoal home drug disposal system (Deterra®) in combination with formalized opioid disposal education.

Methods

Participants were recruited from an academic, public safety-net hospital and grouped into 3 cohorts, no formalized opioid disposal education (No Education), written and verbal patient education on appropriate opioid disposal (Education), and Deterra® in addition to formalized opioid disposal education (Deterra). Outcomes included patients reporting unacceptable methods of opioid disposal, storage of unused opiates, and patient satisfaction with disposal instructions.

Results

Reported unacceptable opioid disposal decreased from 80.6% (n = 87) in the no education group to 20% (n = 10) in the education group to 6% (n = 3) in the Deterra group (P < .001). Education decreased long-term storage of opioid medication after completion of usage from 42% (n = 36) to 2% (n = 1), P < .001. Between the education and Deterra groups, more patients felt that the disposal instructions were clear (94% (n = 47) vs 73% (n = 36), P = .006) and more followed acceptable disposal instructions (80% (n = 39) vs 94% (n = 47) P < .001).

Conclusion

Deterra® along with formal opioid disposal education increases patients reporting plans for compliance with appropriate opioid disposal.
Pediatric Glue-Related Injuries in U.S. Emergency Departments: A 10-Year Overview
Authors: Zhang Albert L. , Louie Jeffrey P. , Ortega Henry W.
Published: July 2022

Slime’s increasing popularity has caused children to be more frequently exposed to glue. There is no comprehensive literature describing pediatric glue-related injuries. This study’s purpose is to characterize pediatric glue-related injuries presented to U.S. emergency departments (EDs). We queried the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for pediatric glue-related injuries from 2009 to 2018. Data were abstracted from discrete and case narrative data. Odds ratios were calculated to determine age-related differences in injuries. An estimated 18,126 pediatric patients were treated in U.S. EDs for glue-related injuries. Injury incidence increased over time. The most frequently injured body part was the eye, and the most common diagnosis was foreign body without documented sequelae. The most common injury mechanism was unintentional splash/squirt/explosion. Younger children were more likely to accidentally ingest glue; older children were more likely to sustain burns. Preventive efforts should focus on personal protective equipment, proper storage/labeling, and supervision of use.
Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 in Mississippi, USA
Authors: Das Bibhuti B. , Shakti Divya , Ghaleb Stephanie , Akam-Venkata Jyothsna , Moskowitz William B. , Osakwe Onyekachukwu , Weiland Michael D. , Arya Sandeep , Gajula Viswanath , Taylor Mary B.
Published: July 2022

We aimed to study the disparity in the clinical profile and outcomes of hospitalized Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) patients at our center. The second goal was to examine the temporal association with preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection by race/ethnicity in our community in Mississippi. We found the racial disparity in the prevalence of MIS-C exceeded its temporal association with SARS-CoV-2 infections. We included 51 consecutive MIS-C patients hospitalized, whose median age was 9 (interquartile range [IQR] 5-12) years, 58% were male, 71% were black, 25% were white, and 4% belonged to other groups. We found a delay between onset of symptoms and hospitalization in black patients compared with white patients with a median of 2 (IQR 0-7) vs median of 0 (0-5) urgent care visits ( P = .022), respectively. Black patients were hospitalized longer (median 8, IQR 2-39 days) than whites (median 5, IQR 3-14 days), P = .047. A total of 38.9% of blacks and 23.1% of whites were admitted to intensive care unit ( P = .498); 36.1% of blacks had severe cardiac involvement vs 23.1% of white patients, P = .531. Future studies of MIS-C are required to improve health equity for children.
The value of the serious leisure perspective in understanding cultural capital embodiment in festival settings
Authors: Rossetti Giulia , Quinn Bernadette
Published: July 2022

Festivals have been conceptualised as serious leisure activities as well as arenas for cultural capital acquisition and embodiment. However, there is still theoretical confusion surrounding the process of cultural embodiment, especially in leisure practices. This article suggests that the serious leisure perspective, in combination with cultural capital ideas, offers a means of deepening understanding of how cultural capital can be embodied in festival settings. To make its arguments, the article draws on qualitative data collected at two long-established literary festivals, one in Ireland and one in Italy. Observations and interviews with festival participants were used to develop an understanding of participants’ cultural capital embodiment. The article suggests that the serious leisure perspective is a valuable theory to throw light on three elements of cultural embodiment at festivals: (1) body; (2) pre-existing cultural resources; (3) time. Interlinking serious leisure with cultural capital leads to an in-depth analysis of how culture is embodied during festivals. This article demonstrates the value of using serious leisure and the embodied state of cultural capital ideas in tandem to further understand cultural embodiment in festivals. The study concludes by suggesting potential future studies and areas of research.
Our Professional and Ethical Responsibilities to Support Student Mental Health
Authors: Etscheidt Susan Larson , Skaar Nicole R. , Clopton Kerri L. , Schmitz Stephanie L.
Published: July 2022

In this series, we highlighted the importance of addressing the mental health needs of students with disabilities. The purpose of this final article in the series is to briefly summarize each article’s recommendations for addressing children’s mental health needs and to provide a compelling rationale for adopting those recommended practices. The rationale is introduced through a series of “why” questions, and those questions are then answered in sections addressing professional ethics and advocacy ethics. By focusing on practices, policies, and professional standards related to mental health among students with disabilities, school professionals adopt vital roles, responsibilities, and opportunities to assure access to school-based metal health supports.
Unpacking the Association Between Corporal Punishment and Criminal Involvement
Authors: Joyner Bridget , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: July 2022

A great deal of research has revealed a link between corporal punishment and negative life outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms that explain how and why these associations exist are not well understood. The current study extends this line of research by analyzing a longitudinal sample of high-risk male and female youth drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. The analyses revealed that the use of corporal punishment was differentially used depending on certain parental behavioral characteristics. Even after accounting for such attributes, our models generally demonstrated that corporal punishment was associated with later criminal involvement. The models also revealed that the corporal punishment-criminal involvement link was dependent upon the relationship of the parent to the child being spanked. Our analyses additionally address the importance of proper model specification when examining the association between corporal punishment and later life outcomes. We conclude by discussing implications for future research.
Use of a Fascial Pad to Help Electrode Insertion During Cochlear Implantation in Incomplete Partition Type III
Authors: Almohammad Mohammad , Tasabehji Tala , Awad Abdulrahman , Hanafi Ibrahem
Published: July 2022

Cochlear implantation surgery in the rare cases of incomplete partition type III is constrained by intraoperative difficulties that result from the deformed cochlea. Our case study describes the use of a supporting fascia pad that served as a track to preserve the direction of the electrode during insertion into the cochlear lumen.
Cluster Analysis on Gastrointestinal Symptoms during Menopausal Transition
Authors: Im Eun-Ok , Choi Mi-Young , Jin Ruiqi , Kim Gayeong , Chee Wonshik
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this secondary analysis was to determine the clusters of midlife women by gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and to explore differences in the clusters by race/ethnicity. This analysis used the data from two internet-based studies among 1,054 midlife women. The analysis was conducted with the data on background characteristics, health and menopausal status, and GI symptoms (collected using the GI Symptom Index for Midlife Women). The data were analyzed using factor analyses, hierarchical cluster analyses, chi-square tests, multinomial logistic regression analyses, and analyses of covariance. Three clusters were adopted: Cluster 1 (with low total numbers and severity scores of symptoms; 46.0%), Cluster 2 (with moderate total numbers and severity scores of symptoms; 44.0%), and Cluster 3 (with high total numbers and severity scores of symptoms; 10.0%). Only in Cluster 2, there were significant racial/ethnic differences in individual GI symptoms. These results provide directions for future GI symptom management among midlife women.
Ideal-perception consistency and regulation of best friends: Associations With attachment anxiety and avoidance
Authors: Ai Ting , Gillath Omri , Overall Nickola C. , Collins Tara J.
Published: July 2022

Do people use ideal standards to evaluate and regulate their best friends? The current research examines whether the Ideal Standards Model captures dynamics in friendships, and what role attachment orientations play in these dynamics. Greater discrepancies between perceptions of best friends and ideal standards (low ideal-perception consistency) on the warmth/trustworthiness (Studies 1–3) and status/resources (Study 2) dimensions were associated with greater regulation attempts of best friends on these dimensions. Low ideal-perception consistency on the attractiveness/vitality dimension was not associated with regulation on this dimension (Study 2). Additionally, all studies illustrated that attachment avoidance was associated with lower ideal-perception consistency and, in turn, greater regulation attempts. By contrast, attachment anxiety was associated with higher regulation attempts of best friends, not because of lower ideal-perception consistency, but because of greater relationship maintenance motivations (Study 2) and an acute sensitivity to daily reductions in ideal-perception consistency (Study 3).
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Canadian Social Connections: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Lowe Catherine , Rafiq Maliha , MacKay Lyndsay Jerusha , Letourneau Nicole , Ng Cheuk Fan , Keown-Gerrard Janine , Gilbert Trevor , Ross Kharah M
Published: July 2022

Background

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic. Responses to the pandemic response disrupted Canadian social connections in complex ways; because social connections are determinants of health and well-being, their disruption could adversely affect health and well-being. Moreover, understanding how pandemics and public health responses affect social connections could inform pandemic recovery strategy and public health approaches designed for future pandemics. The purpose of this study is to understand experiences of pandemic impact on social connections over the pandemic.

Methods

A sample of 343 Canadian adults was recruited through Athabasca University and social media. Participants were predominantly White (81%) and female (88%). After the pandemic onset, participants responded to open-ended questions about the impact of the pandemic on and any changes to social connections at three time points (baseline, and three- and 6 months from study entry). Responses were categorized into epochs by date (April-June 2020 [Spring]; July-August 2020 [Summer]; September 2020-January 2021 [Fall/Winter]). Qualitative thematic analysis was used to code themes for each epoch.

Results

Negative impact of the pandemic (37–45%), loss of social connections (32–36%), and alternative means of connection (26–32%) were prominent themes across the epochs. Restrictions to face-to-face connections were largest in spring (9%) and lowest in the Summer (4%). Conversely, participants increasingly reported limited contact or communication into the Fall and Winter (6–12%) as pandemic restrictions in Canada were reinstated.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic threatens social connections, with negative impacts that fluctuated with COVID-19 case rates and subsequent pandemic restrictions. These findings could be used to identify targets for social supports during the pandemic recovery, and to adjust public health strategies for future pandemics that minimize impact on social connections.