bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward A Multidimensional Model Of Social Entrepreneurship: Definitions, Clarifications, And Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: Smith-Hunter Andrea E.
Published: February 2016

A number of significant research projects have explored various aspects of social entrepreneurship, some demonstrating that, given an appropriate level of focus, social entrepreneurship is a viable area for research that can be studied and explored like its counterpart and predecessor, general entrepreneurship. This paper offers a true definition of social entrepreneurship by relating it to three key measures from general entrepreneurship: human capital, network structure, and financial capital. The current status of social entrepreneurship is also examined and summarized.
Do Impact Fees Pay For The Infrastructure Costs Required By New Developments?
Authors: Apap Antonio , Cicheskie Dana L.
Published: February 2016

This study investigated impact fees used by counties and communities to pay for infracture costs required by development and found that the impact fees do not pay the full costs of the infrastructure required by the new development. The major impact fees are for roads and schools, however, impact fees are also routinely used for fire protection, police protection, emergency services, correctional facilities, parks, libraries, government buildings and drainage.  Florida was used as a proxy for the 34 states that use impact fees. Since roads and schools cause the highest burden on the communities experiencing growth, comparisons of cost vs. impact fee revenues were limited to roads and schools.
Accountants In Demand: Survey Of Business Students Suggests That Nothing Will Motivate Non-Accounting Majors To Be Accounting Majors
Authors: Gray Dahli , Duangploy Orapin , Ehoff Jr. Clemense
Published: February 2016

Student enrollment in accounting programs in the state of Maryland increased 12% from 2006 to 2007 (MACPA, 2007). This paper presents actual and possible responses to demand exceeding supply of accounting professionals and professors. Responses to the shortage of supply to meet the demand include outsourcing the work (e.g., tax returns completed in India) to expanding university offerings. This paper addresses the shortage of terminally qualified (i.e., doctoral degree) accounting professors. One resolution to the professor shortage has been to use more adjunct faculty. Survey research results reveal that business majors who are not accounting majors are not willing to consider becoming accounting majors. Current accounting majors rank salary, meaningful work and advancement opportunities as the top reasons for career selection. The non-accounting majors hold similar values, but clearly state that there is nothing that would motivate them to be accountants.
Bundling And Small Business Operations
Authors: Boronico Jess , Murdy James , Loughlin Selene
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a model for managing the inventory for a small, student managed food service business.  The Hazell Nut Café offers six coffees, six flavors of ice cream, four teas, hot chocolate, assorted pastries, bottled water, vitamin water, and four other types of cold beverages.  The purveyors for the all supplies, with the exception of dairy products, have on-call deliveries, but pre-set minimums for order quantities.  The dairy company requires a minimum weekly delivery.  After nearly one year of operation, the café’s student-managers are still developing an inventory management system.  The model developed here seeks to provide an easy to understand solution to the supply chain problems encountered by a small business such as the Hazell Nut Café.
Mitigating NPD And R&D Risks Via A Portfolio Effect In Country Choice
Authors: Buskirk Bruce , Reynolds Ken , Schmidt Stacy M.P. , Ralph David L.
Published: February 2016

New Product Development as well as Research and Development projects tend to be inherently risky investments.  Most MNC’s today have great latitude in choosing site and country locations to build or contract Research or Development projects.  MNC R&D risks, corporate wide, can be moderated via a diversification of NPD/R&D projects across multiple cultures and countries.  In fact there is some evidence that R&D global diversification can generate synergies.  (Fast track projects that work around the clock via work being done in three locations each 8 hours off from the other.) Foreign R&D facilities can help serve as outposts to facilitate the entrance into strategic foreign markets. This paper attempts to develop decision methodologies for allocating NPD/R&D globally with the goal of both reducing risks and increasing global competitiveness.
Lessons Learned From Using An Ill-Conceived Nonmonetary, Prepaid Incentive In A Self-Administered Survey Of College Students
Authors: Dommeyer Curt J. , Romero Melissa , Tafazzoli Kevin M.
Published: February 2016

An experiment was conducted to determine how effective a prepaid, nonmonetary incentive would be at inducing college students to participate in a self-administered survey. The experiment was conducted on two college campuses in Los Angeles County.  As students exited their campus library, an interviewer approached them for an interview.  Half of those approached were offered a prepaid, nonmonetary incentive; the other half were not. Contrary to expectations, the prepaid, nonmonetary incentive dampened the response rate to the survey. Explanations are offered as to why the incentive was counterproductive.
Posgrado: 25 años de excelencia académica
Authors: Mas López Janett
Published: February 2016

No le corresponde Resumen
Características epidemiológicas de la enfermedad periodontal e higiene oral en mujeres en etapa de embarazo y lactancia materna
Authors: Yllesca-Yllesca Ivonne , Manrique-Chávez Jorge Enrique , Chávez-Reátegui Beatriz Del Carmen
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: Comparar las características epidemiológicas de la enfermedad periodontal y la higiene oral entre mujeres que se encuentren en etapa de gestación y mujeres que se encuentran en periodo de lactancia de unacomunidad urbano marginal de Lima-Perú en el 2014. Materiales y Métodos: Cuarenta mujeres agrupadas según el trimestre de gestación y cuarenta mujeres agrupadas según el bimestre de lactancia, fueron evaluadas empleando el índice de higiene oral simplifi cado, índice periodontal comunitario y el índice de pérdida de fi jación. Resultados: Se realizó las pruebas estadísticas Chi Cuadrado y Test Exacto de Fisher para comparar ambos grupos. No se encontró diferencias estadísticamente signifi cativas entre gestantes y lactantes al comparar la higiene oral, el sangrado al sondaje y la pérdida de fijación. Sin embargo se halló diferencias estadísticamente signifi cativas con respecto a las bolsas periodontales, siendo más prevalentes en gestantes. Además es importante mencionar que las bolsas periodontales disminuyeron progresivamente a medida que avanzaban los trimestres delactancia. Conclusión:Durante el embarazo, se presentaron más características epidemiológicas de enfermedad periodontal que en el periodo de lactancia materna, a pesar de que, ambos grupos tuvieron las mismas condiciones de higiene oral.
Enfermedad periodontal en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 con y sin obesidad en Lima, Perú
Authors: Quezada Carrera José Carlos , Sacsaquispe Contreras Sonia , Gutiérrez Ventura Fredy , Del Castillo López César , López Pinedo Martha
Published: February 2016

Objetivos: Determinar si la enfermedad periodontal afecta más a pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 con obesidad que a  los pacientes sin obesidad. Material y métodos: La población estuvo conformado por 170 pacientes con diagnósticode Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipo 2; fueron divididos en dos grupos 85 diabéticos obesos y 85 diabéticos no obesos: el grupo obesos fue de 55 mujeres y 30 hombres mientras que el grupo sin obesidad fue de 37 mujeresy 48 hombres. Se utilizó el Índice Periodontal Comunitario Modifi cado y la fi cha de registro de datos aprobados por la OMS, la evaluación clínica se realizó tomando en cuenta, profundidad de las bolsas y la presencia de furcadental. Resultados: De los 85 pacientes con obesidad, el 83,53% presentó bolsas periodontales de 4-5 mm y el 16,47% presentó bolsas ≥ 6 mm, mientras que en el grupo sin obesidad el 90,59% presentó bolsas de 4-5 mm, el 7,06% presentó bolsas ≥ 6 mm y el 2,35% no presentó bolsas. Conclusión: No hay diferencias en los signos de enfermedad periodontal en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con obesidad y sin obesidad.
Re-anatomización de un incisivo lateral geminado con talón cuspídeo: Reporte de caso
Authors: Aguirre-Vela Lucia , Webb Linares Louise
Published: February 2016

Los requerimientos estéticos actuales hacen que los profesionales deban estar preparados para ofrecer alternativas de tratamiento rápidas y accesibles al paciente. Este reporte describe el caso de una paciente que presenta unincisivo lateral geminado con talón cuspídeo, el cual es un hallazgo muy raro, y el contralateral sólo con talón cuspídeo.
O REPOSITÓRIO DE CONTEÚDO DIGITAL NAS PESQUISAS DE HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Costa David Antonio , Valente Wagner Rodrigues
Published: February 2016

Este texto apresenta o Repositório de Conteúdo Digital utilizado pelo GHEMAT – Grupo de Estudos de História da Educação Matemática. Este espaço virtual, sediado fisicamente na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, abriga as digitalizações dos documentos mobilizados nos projetos em andamento deste grupo de pesquisa. O seu uso tem se demonstrado profícuo pois permite o compartilhamento destas fontes em diversas localidades, potencializando as pesquisas em caráter histórico comparativas realizadas por projetos temáticos envolvendo grande número de pesquisadores nos diversos estados brasileiros. Por fim, são apresentados alguns exemplos de produções acadêmicas do grupo de pesquisa apoiados no uso do Repositório, tanto do ponto de vista de sua elaboração/produção assim como posterior divulgação/publicação.
EDUCAÇÃO EM MUSEUS: A INTERAÇÃO COMO EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Muller Christine
Published: February 2016

Este trabalho trata da especificidade constitucional da educação em museus, partindo da problemática que essa tipologia educacional tem características em seu funcionamento que a diferenciam de outras modalidades educacionais. Optou-se por um estudo que possibilitasse a compreensão da educação em museus e seus desafios com relação ao público e museus interativos. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar quais processos educacionais são colocados em prática nos museus interativos e compreender os desafios apresentados aos educadores de museus na relação com os visitantes. Para proceder essa discussão, optou-se neste texto por uma abordagem metodológica articulada a um referencial de pesquisa que buscamos na educação em museus, na Nova Museologia e na educação patrimonial.
A ORGANIZAÇÃO DA BIBLIOTECA DA ESCOLA NORMAL DE CAMPINAS - O MAPEAMENTO DAS COLEÇÕES PEDAGÓGICAS (1930-1960) NOS APONTAMENTOS DE UMA PESQUISA
Authors: Menezes Maria Cristina , Pinheiro Maria De Lourdes
Published: February 2016

A presente discussão articula-se ao projeto “Patrimônio Histórico Educativo: a organização da Biblioteca da Escola Normal de Campinas” e vincula-se às ações desenvolvidas nos projetos do CIVILIS (Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em História da Educação, Cultura Escolar e Cidadania), da Faculdade de Educação da UNICAMP, sob a coordenação da Profa. Dra. Maria Cristina Menezes. A discussão parte de uma proposta de pesquisa que tem como objetivo fazer o levantamento das coleções pedagógicas da biblioteca da antiga Escola Normal de Campinas. Os títulos foram organizados por coleções e a pesquisa busca procedimentos de identificação e descrição dos itens. A organização desses espaços, por consequência, é uma importante contribuição para a preservação do patrimônio históricoeducativo.
REDES SOCIAIS VIRTUAIS: TERRITÓRIOS ABERTOS PARA A HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Simões Robson Fonseca
Published: February 2016

As práticas discursivas que permeiam o nosso cotidiano nas mais diferentes instâncias de socialização têm sido exploradas como locus privilegiado de investigação nas mais diversas áreas científicas: linguística, antropologia, psicologia, literatura etc. A História da Educação também entra em cena nesses estudos, propondo tornar mais visíveis os caminhos da construção da memória ou das memórias que nos constituem como sujeitos históricos. Assim, busca-se neste texto, analisar algumas escritas dos ex-alunos do colégio Pedro II, uma instituição pública da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, mais especificamente, na categoria escolas e cursos na comunidade do Orkut, procurando espiar por uma fresta os horizontes de sentidos nas narrativas que contam as histórias daqueles sujeitos. Nesse sentido, traz para o debate as escritas virtuais considerando-as fontes historiográficas para o campo da História da Educação. Por que as escolas percorrem o espaço virtual? Os depoimentos criam chances para analisar os usos e as funções da cultura escrita, descrevendo nas entrelinhas midiáticas outras histórias que perpassam a vida escolar. Valho-me dos estudiosos Chartier (2007), Alberca (2000), Muzart (1998), Certeau (1982), Lévy (1999), Nunes (2005) e Le Goff (1984) para me ajudar a pensar que os sujeitos também se constroem nos mais diversos suportes de escrita.
NOTÍCIA
Authors: Editores Os
Published: February 2016

Agendem-se para o encontro em Donostia/San Sebastian, Pais Vasco, Espanha, de 29 de junho a 01 de julho, que congregará investigadores da SEPHE, Sociedad Española para el Estudio del Património Histórico-Educativo e da RIDPHE, Rede Iberoamericana para a Investigação e a Difusão do Patrimônio Histórico-Educativo.
Benefits of Obtaining Log Data in Horizontal Wells in the WCSB
Authors: Spratt Darcy
Published: February 2016

Obtaining log data from horizontal wells has in the past been considered a very difficult and expensive task. Added to this is the question as to whether log data presented any value as far as reservoir understanding, production enhancement or completion techniques were concerned. The perception that the capital expense of logging cannot present an economic return has resulted in a small minority of horizontal wells being logged. Reeves Wireline has used the Compact Memory Logging system for a number of clients where there has been a clear demonstration of the value of logging.
Regulatory politics in user prices: evidence for the Portuguese water industry
Authors: Silvestre Hugo Consciência , Gomes Ricardo Corrêa
Published: February 2016

This study explores the relationship between economic regulation and user prices in the Portuguese water industry. The empirical analysis demonstrates that economic regulation based on the rate of return model is attached to higher user prices in a comparison with the other organizations that are directly dependent on political decisions. Moreover, comparisons between operators through benchmarking might have an impact on user prices. In addition, this study shows that a stronger prediction of user prices exists when considering the adopted management model for the delivery of water services. Main findings: the managerial element is not a primary goal, instead, the political option still prevails for user prices.
Green Roofs in the Tropics Conserve Energy
Authors: Wiecko Greg
Published: February 2016

Background:

Concrete buildings on Guam are exceptionally strong but also accumulate large amounts of heat. In the tropical environment of Guam, where 24 h average temperature ranges from 28 to 29°C year round, air conditioning is used every day and continuously. Concrete roofs are often painted light colors, which make them more reflective and accumulate less heat. They are also suitable for establishment of vegetation, which results in a large decrease in roof temperature and therefore decreases the need for cooling.

Objective:

The objective was to determine the magnitude of temperature reductions resulting from light color and from vegetation covering roof tops and to use this information to estimate energy savings.

Method:

Temperature was measured on the undersides of concrete model roofs in both sunny and rainy weather.

Results:

The temperatures on the undersides of light-colored concrete model roofs rose up to 3°C less in the course of the day than did those of dark-colored ones. The temperatures of "green" (vegetation-covered) model roofs rose up to 12°C less than did those of either of the bare concrete models.

Conclusion:

The differences were so large that use of green roofs on the tropical island of Guam, where most buildings are concrete and air-conditioning is needed year round, could cut a typical household's electric consumption in half.
Recent Achievements in Enantioselective Borrowing Hydrogen by the Combination of Iron- and Organocatalysis
Authors: Roudier Mylène , Constantieux Thierry , Rodriguez Jean , Quintard Adrien
Published: February 2016

This article summarizes our recent developments in allylic alcohol functionalization by the interconnection of two catalytic cycles. By combining an iron-catalyzed borrowing hydrogen with an organocatalytic enantioselective nucleophilic addition, allylic alcohols can be converted to
enantioenriched chiral aliphatic alcohols in up to 92% ee. This eco-compatible one-operation multi-catalytic process allows the classical oxidation-addition-reduction steps usually required for this transformation to be bypassed. Synthetic applications in the synthesis of different
fragments of some important natural products have highlighted the great potential of this transformation.
Budgeting Under Prolonged Constraints: Canadian Provincial Governments Respond to Recession and “Slowth”
Authors: Kodolov Oleg , Hale Geoffrey
Published: February 2016

This article examines the different responses of Canadian provinces to fiscal pressures and constraints since the recession of 2008/09, most of which suggest that in sharp contrast to provincial deficit reduction measures during the 1990s and in the absence of imminent fiscal crises, most provinces have pursued incrementalist responses during the five years following the end of the recession. With only one province achieving ongoing fiscal balance by 2014/15, (with one more in prospect in 2015/16), there has been no consistent partisan or ideological response across provinces to post-recession budgetary challenges.
Bryoni Trezise and Caroline Wake, eds., Visions and Revisions: Performance, Memory, Trauma
Authors: Duggan Patrick
Published: February 2016

Visions and Revisions: Performance, Memory, Trauma offers a timely intervention into the growing field of, and literature on, performance and trauma studies. It demonstrates just how useful performance (studies and practice) can be as a means to complicate, critique, and develop understandings of the unsayable and the unknowable of trauma.
Design Gap Acceptance for Right-Turning Vehicles Based on Vehicle Acceleration Capabilities
Authors: Dabbour Essam
Published: February 2016

The current geometric design guide provides a methodology to analyze intersection sight distance for right-turning vehicles at signalized and two-way stop-controlled intersections based on the gaps accepted by the majority of drivers as measured from the field. That methodology is based mainly on driver behavior without considering the actual capabilities of the turning vehicle when accelerating from rest to the speed of the cross-traffic stream. This paper introduced the new design gap concept, which was based on the actual distance and time needed for the turning vehicle to accelerate to the same speed of the cross-traffic stream to avoid a collision. The acceleration capabilities of the turning vehicle were based on field measurements collected by GPS data logger devices that recorded the positions and instantaneous speeds of different turning vehicles at 1-s intervals; based on that, regression models were developed to establish an acceleration profile for a typical vehicle turning to the right from rest. Design tables were provided to help road designers select appropriate design gaps needed for different design speeds and grades of the crossing roadways. In comparison to the new design gaps, the measured gaps used in design were found to be generally inadequate. After implementation of the newly developed design gaps, turning drivers will potentially be able to accelerate comfortably without forcing other drivers in the cross-traffic stream to reduce their speeds or to change lanes to avoid colliding with turning vehicles.
Controlling Crest Vertical Curvature Rates Based on Variable Grade Stopping Sight Distance Calculation
Authors: Mavromatis Stergios , Stamatiadis Nikiforos , Psarianos Basil , Yannis George
Published: February 2016

Stopping sight distance (SSD) is a key control element that directly affects the suggested values of crucial road design parameters. Although there is a significant difference in SSD values between upgrades and downgrades, many design policies ignore the grade effect during vehicle braking on variable grades. Such a case occurs during the determination of crest vertical curvature rates in which the relevant SSD values are extracted assuming leveled road geometry. This paper investigates a possible deficiency of such an approach with regard to cases in which the length of the vertical curve exceeds the control SSD values. SSD calculation on variable grades during the braking process was addressed through a recently developed process that related the point mass model and the laws of mechanics. For a wide range of design speed values, charts illustrating the required SSDs were drawn as a function of negative ending grade values related to the control crest vertical curve rates adopted by AASHTO. The process revealed numerous SSD shortage areas for which revised crest vertical curvature rates were provided to grant SSD adequacy throughout the vehicles' braking process. This paper also aimed to provide designers with ready-to-use vertical design tools associated with amended vertical curvature rates to AASHTO's road functional classification as a function of the crest vertical curve's exit grade value.
Minimum Effective Length for the Midwest Guardrail System
Authors: Schmidt Jennifer D. , Reid John D. , Weiland Nicholas A. , Faller Ronald K.
Published: February 2016

The recommended minimum length for the standard Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) is 175 ft (55.3 m) based on crash testing according to NCHRP Report 350 and AASHTO's Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) specifications. However, varying roadside hazards and roadway geometries may require a W-beam guardrail system to be shorter than the currently tested minimum length. The effects of reducing system length for the MGS were therefore investigated. The research study included one full-scale crash test with a Dodge Ram pickup truck striking a 75-ft (22.9-m) long MGS system. The barrier system satisfied all MASH Test Level 3 (TL-3) evaluation criteria for Test Designation Number 3-11. Test results confirmed that the reduced system length did not adversely affect overall system performance or deflections. Simulations that used BARRIER VII and LS-DYNA were also conducted to analyze system performance with reduced lengths of 50 ft (15.2 m) and 62 ft 6 in. (19.1 m). Both system lengths exhibited the potential for successfully redirecting an errant vehicle at MASH TL-3 test conditions. However, these reduced-length systems would have a narrow window for redirecting vehicles and would be able to shield hazards of only a limited size. Owing to limitations associated with the computer simulations, full-scale crash testing is recommended before these shorter systems are installed.
Proposed Heavy Vehicle Encroachment Adjustment Factor
Authors: Carrigan Christine E. , Ray Malcolm H.
Published: February 2016

Encroachment probability models such as the Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) have traditionally assumed that heavy vehicles and passenger vehicles share the same encroachment characteristics. This assumption was reviewed in developing bridge railing selection guidelines in NCHRP 22-12(03), where an examination of a specific highway and a national sample of data indicated that trucks encroached at a different rate than passenger vehicles. This paper describes the development of a new vehicle-type encroachment adjustment factor (EAF). The results confirmed previous findings, but this analysis controlled for traffic volumes, highway type, percentage of heavy vehicles [i.e., percentage of trucks (PT)], and segment length. The result was a more robust model that was valid over a wider range of average annual daily traffic and PTs. The large data set included 635,464 segments of data from the states of Ohio and Washington. The proposed EAF was recommended for inclusion in RSAPv3. Ideally, encroachment data would be collected for heavy vehicles to determine the frequency of heavy vehicles encroaching onto the roadside and the trajectories heavy vehicles took during encroachment, but this process proved to be financially challenging. The study used crash data to carry out a comprehensive analysis of traffic volume, heavy vehicle mix, highway type, and segment length. A vehicle-type EAF was developed for divided and undivided roadways. The results provided some indication of how best to incorporate heavy vehicles in the encroachment probability model used in RSAP.
Installation Enhancements to Common Inlet Protection Practices Using Large-Scale Testing Techniques
Authors: Perez Michael A. , Zech Wesley C. , Donald Wesley N. , Fang Xing
Published: February 2016

Inlet protection practices (IPPs) are temporary erosion and sediment controls commonly used in active construction sites to help reduce off-site transport of sediment. The overall in-field performance of these practices is commonly misunderstood. This study researched common failure modes of IPPs with the use of large-scale, channelized flow experiments. Testing evaluated the performance of standard IPP design details and provided installation enhancements to four typical practices commonly used in the erosion and sediment control industry (aggregate, sandbag, silt fence, and wattle barriers). Installation enhancements focused on providing effective structural improvements with typical installation materials while also considering reduced installation efforts and material costs. Enhancements increased IPP's impoundments while maintaining efficient dewatering times. Variations of practices from state agency design guides and comparisons of developed installation enhancements were presented. A performance and cost comparison was developed for practitioners to use when comparing improved IPPs.
Streamlining of Bridge Piers as Scour Countermeasures
Authors: Tao Junliang , Li Junhong
Published: February 2016

Pier streamlining is proposed as a flow-altering countermeasure to local scour for newly proposed piers. To obtain the optimal geometry, it is necessary to investigate the effect of the horizontal profile and vertical profile on the flow pattern around the piers. In a separate paper, the effect of the cross section was studied, and the optimal cross section was obtained. Continuing the effort, this paper investigates the effect of vertical profile curvatures. To achieve this goal, Bézier curves were used to parameterize the vertical curvatures. Fifty-one three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics models with different curvatures for the pier's vertical profile were constructed by varying the Bézier parameters and computed by COMSOL. All pier models in the flume had the same block ratio to ensure that results from test cases were comparable. Analysis and comparison of the simulation results showed that both a concave (or sloped) nose and a concave sidewall reduced the maximum shear stress around piers and that increasing the concave curvature of the sidewall enhanced the reduction effect. Increasing the concave curvature of the nose, however, tended to diminish the reduction effect. The practical implications from the findings are discussed in this paper.
Innovations in Utility Conflict Management
Authors: Kraus Edgar , Quiroga Cesar , Le Jerry
Published: February 2016

Utility issues remain one of the top reasons for delays in development and delivery of transportation projects. Delays in utility relocations and varying site conditions (utility conflicts) are consistently ranked among the most frequent causes for delays in highway construction. This paper described the results of a pilot implementation of the utility conflict matrix (UCM) tools that were developed as part of SHRP 2 Project R15B in 2012. The implementation project was SHRP 2 R15C, Pilot Application of Products for the Identification of Utility Conflicts and Solutions, which took place from September 2012 to March 2014. The objective was to work with a state department of transportation on the implementation of the stand-alone UCM and the 1-day UCM training course, as well as an introduction to the utility conflict data model and database. The pilot implementation took place at the Maryland State Highway Administration. This paper describes the UCM tools, details of the pilot implementation, feedback received from stakeholders involved in the project, and lessons learned from the experience of project participants. The paper also provides examples of cost and time savings that resulted from the use of the UCM approach.
Mechanism of covalent adsorption of benzenesulfonamide onto COOH– and COCl– functionalised carbon nanotubes
Authors: Darzi N. , Morsali A. , Beyramabadi S. A.
Published: February 2016

Using density functional theory, two mechanisms of covalent adsorption of benzenesulfonamide in water in the presence of functionalised carbon nanotubes were investigated. COOH– and COCl–functionalised carbon nanotubes can bond to the benzenesulfonamide via OH (OH pathway) and Cl (Cl pathway) groups, respectively. The activation energy and activation Gibbs free energy of the two pathways have been calculated and compared with each other. It was found that the OH pathway has an energy barrier higher than the Cl pathway and, in contrast to the Cl pathway, product formation is endothermic and non-spontaneous, being thus the reason for the dominance of the Cl pathway. All the calculations were performed using a hybrid density functional method (B3LYP) in the solution phase (polarised continuum model or PCM).
Britain's Retreat East of Suez and the Conundrum of Korea 1968–1974
Authors: Won Tae Joon
Published: February 2016

This article examines the discussions and decisions which occurred within the British government concerning Britain's military involvement in the Korean peninsula at a time when Britain was pulling out of its military obligations in Asia – colloquially known as the ‘retreat East of Suez’ – in the late 1960s and the early 1970s. After the end of the Korean War, Britain created the Commonwealth Liaison Mission in Seoul and provided a frigate for use in Korean waters by the American-led United Nations Command and British soldiers for the United Nations Honour Guard. When relations between North and South Korea reached crisis point at the end of the 1960s, London was concerned that Britain could be entangled in an unaffordable military conflict in the Korean peninsula. The Ministry of Defence therefore argued for the abolition of the commitment of the British frigate, but the Foreign Office opposed this initiative so as to mitigate the blow to Anglo-American relations caused by Britain's refusal to commit troops to Vietnam. When Edward Heath's government negotiated a Five Power Defence Agreement with Singapore, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand in April 1971, the Ministry of Defence was, despite the objections of the Foreign Office, finally successful in repealing the frigate commitment for reasons of overstretching military resources. Furthermore, the Ministry of Defence then called for the abolition of the Commonwealth Liaison Mission altogether when it was then discovered that the British contingent of the United Nations Honour Guard would have to fight under the command of the United Nations Commander in case of a military conflict in the Korean peninsula. But this proposal too was rebuffed by the Foreign Office, concerned that such a move would greatly damage Anglo-Korean relations at a time when Britain was considering establishing diplomatic relations with North Korea.
Public Engagement in Energy Research
Authors: Jellema Jako , Mulder Henk
Published: February 2016

Public Engagement in Research is a key element in “Responsible Research and Innovation”; a cross-cutting issue in current European research funding. Public engagement can advance energy R&D, by delivering results that are more in-line with society’s views and demands; and collaboration also unlocks societal skills and knowledge. This paper structures the ways to look at engagement, and gives some pointers on how to implement it in energy R&D, with various levels of intensity. The publics to engage with can be citizens, future users, affected persons, but also organisations that represent them. We have selected methods and tools that showcase a broad range of types of engagement that have been applied in The Netherlands or the UK. The cases are grouped based on the role of the researcher in the engagement process. These roles relate to discussing with, consulting, involving, collaborating with and supporting the various publics. This study shows that there is a diversity of tools and methods already available—open to variation, combinations and further development- that facilitate the participation of society in energy research. Not only for democratic reasons, but also for instrumental benefits in creating innovations to help solve the Grand Societal Challenge of the energy transition.
Utilizing HyspIRI Prototype Data for Geological Exploration Applications: A Southern California Case Study
Authors: Calvin Wendy , Pace Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the value of the proposed Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) instrument for geological mapping applications. HyspIRI-like data were collected as part of the HyspIRI airborne campaign that covered large regions of California, USA, over multiple seasons. This work focused on a Southern California area, which encompasses Imperial Valley, the Salton Sea, the Orocopia Mountains, the Chocolate Mountains, and a variety of interesting geological phenomena including fumarole fields and sand dunes. We have mapped hydrothermal alteration, lithology and thermal anomalies, demonstrating the value of this type of data for future geologic exploration activities. We believe HyspIRI will be an important instrument for exploration geologists as data may be quickly manipulated and used for remote mapping of hydrothermal alteration minerals, lithology and temperature anomalies.
The Use of Carbonaceous Particle Exposure Metrics in Health Impact Calculations
Authors: Olstrup Henrik , Johansson Christer , Forsberg Bertil
Published: February 2016

Combustion-related carbonaceous particles seem to be a better indicator of adverse health effects compared to PM2.5 and PM10. Historical studies are based on black smoke (BS), but more recent studies use absorbance (Abs), black carbon (BC) or elemental carbon (EC) as exposure indicators. To estimate health risks based on BS, we review the literature regarding the relationship between Abs, BS, BC and EC. We also discuss the uncertainties associated with the comparison of relative risks (RRs) based on these conversions. EC is reported to represent a proportion between 5.2% and 27% of BS with a mean value of 12%. Correlations of different metrics at one particular site are higher than when different sites are compared. Comparing all traffic, urban and rural sites, there is no systematic site dependence, indicating that other properties of the particles or errors affect the measurements and obscure the results. It is shown that the estimated daily mortality associated with short-term levels of EC is in the same range as PM10, but this is highly dependent on the EC to BS relationship that is used. RRs for all-cause mortality associated with short-term exposure to PM10 seem to be higher at sites with higher EC concentrations, but more data are needed to verify this.
Comments on Melis et al. The Effects of the Urban Built Environment on Mental Health: A Cohort Study in a Large Northern Italian City. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2015, 12, 14898–14915
Authors: Kestens Yan , Chaix Basile , Shareck Martine , Vallée Julie
Published: February 2016

In a recent paper by Melis and colleagues [1], exposure to certain built environment characteristics—urban density and accessibility to public transit—is found to be related to mental health, even more so among women, the elderly, and the residentially stable (interactions between built environment and individual characteristics in relation to mental health have unfortunately not been tested statistically, which could have strengthened their demonstration).[...]
The Effects of Forest Therapy on Coping with Chronic Widespread Pain: Physiological and Psychological Differences between Participants in a Forest Therapy Program and a Control Group
Authors: Han Jin-Woo , Choi Han , Jeon Yo-Han , Yoon Chong-Hyeon , Woo Jong-Min , Kim Won
Published: February 2016

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a two-day forest therapy program on individuals with chronic widespread pain. Sixty one employees of a public organization providing building and facilities management services within the Seoul Metropolitan area participated in the study. Participants were assigned to an experimental group (n = 33) who participated in a forest therapy program or a control group (n = 28) on a non-random basis. Pre- and post-measures of heart rate variability (HRV), Natural Killer cell (NK cell) activity, self-reported pain using the visual analog scale (VAS), depression level using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and health-related quality of life measures using the EuroQol Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS) were collected in both groups. The results showed that participants in the forest therapy group, as compared to the control group, showed physiological improvement as indicated by a significant increase in some measures of HRV and an increase in immune competence as indicated by NK cell activity. Participants in the forest therapy group also reported significant decreases in pain and depression, and a significant improvement in health-related quality of life. These results support the hypothesis that forest therapy is an effective intervention to relieve pain and associated psychological and physiological symptoms in individuals with chronic widespread pain.
Using Copy Number Alterations to Identify New Therapeutic Targets for Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Conconi Donatella , Sala Elena , Bovo Giorgio , Strada Guido , Dalprà Leda , Lavitrano Marialuisa , Bentivegna Angela
Published: February 2016

Bladder cancer represents the ninth most widespread malignancy throughout the world. It is characterized by the presence of two different clinical and prognostic subtypes: non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBCs) and muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs). MIBCs have a poor outcome with a common progression to metastasis. Despite improvements in knowledge, treatment has not advanced significantly in recent years, with the absence of new therapeutic targets. Because of the limitations of current therapeutic options, the greater challenge will be to identify biomarkers for clinical application. For this reason, we compared our array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) results with those reported in literature for invasive bladder tumors and, in particular, we focused on the evaluation of copy number alterations (CNAs) present in biopsies and retained in the corresponding cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulations that should be the main target of therapy. According to our data, CCNE1, MYC, MDM2 and PPARG genes could be interesting therapeutic targets for bladder CSC subpopulations. Surprisingly, HER2 copy number gains are not retained in bladder CSCs, making the gene-targeted therapy less interesting than the others. These results provide precious advice for further study on bladder therapy; however, the clinical importance of these results should be explored.
Integrative Analyses of miRNA-mRNA Interactions Reveal let-7b, miR-128 and MAPK Pathway Involvement in Muscle Mass Loss in Sex-Linked Dwarf Chickens
Authors: Luo Wen , Lin Shumao , Li Guihuan , Nie Qinghua , Zhang Xiquan
Published: February 2016

The sex-linked dwarf (SLD) chicken is an ideal model system for understanding growth hormone (GH)-action and growth hormone receptor (GHR) function because of its recessive mutation in the GHR gene. Skeletal muscle mass is reduced in the SLD chicken with a smaller muscle fiber diameter. Our previous study has presented the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of the SLD chicken and normal chicken between embryo day 14 and seven weeks of age. However, the molecular mechanism of GHR-deficient induced muscle mass loss is still unclear, and the key molecules and pathways underlying the GHR-deficient induced muscle mass loss also remain to be illustrated. Here, by functional network analysis of the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs between the SLD and normal chickens, we revealed that let-7b, miR-128 and the MAPK pathway might play key roles in the GHR-deficient induced muscle mass loss, and that the reduced cell division and growth are potential cellular processes during the SLD chicken skeletal muscle development. Additionally, we also found some genes and miRNAs involved in chicken skeletal muscle development, through the MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Wnt and Insulin signaling pathways. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying muscle mass loss in the SLD chickens, and some regulatory networks that are crucial for chicken skeletal muscle development.
Crystal Structure Formation of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx Perovskite
Authors: Luo Shiqiang , Daoud Walid
Published: February 2016

Inorganic-organic hydride perovskites bring the hope for fabricating low-cost and large-scale solar cells. At the beginning of the research, two open questions were raised: the hysteresis effect and the role of chloride. The presence of chloride significantly improves the crystallization and charge transfer property of the perovskite. However, though the long held debate over of the existence of chloride in the perovskite seems to have now come to a conclusion, no prior work has been carried out focusing on the role of chloride on the electronic performance and the crystallization of the perovskite. Furthermore, current reports on the crystal structure of the perovskite are rather confusing. This article analyzes the role of chloride in CH3NH3PbI3-xClx on the crystal orientation and provides a new explanation about the (110)-oriented growth of CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx.
English or Englishes in Global Academia: A Text-Historical Take on Genre Analysis
Authors: Shaw Oliver
Published: February 2016

The challenge of publishing internationally for non-native English speakers (NNESs) is substantial, although there are conflicting accounts as to how NNES-authored texts fare in English-medium journals and the nature of the criticism levied at these texts. Collaborators from a wide variety of backgrounds and skill sets may contribute to these texts, and the aspects they focus on differ based on their profile. One of these aspects, rhetorical appropriateness, is of interest to the study of NNES writing because of difficulties authors have in adapting to the discourse-level features of English-medium academic texts. This article presents a multi-year research project exploring the rhetorical characteristics of writing produced by 10 NNES academics seeking to publish in international biomedical journals. Using a text-historical approach, the study traces the arc of 10 different research articles across multiple drafts, analyzing the processes and agents behind these drafts and the feedback received from target journals. Focusing on rhetorically significant changes made across different drafts and comments concerning linguistic issues, this paper seeks to further the understanding of English as a lingua franca within written discourse in the field of biomedicine. One text history is presented to exemplify the methods.
Soft Pneumatic Bending Actuator with Integrated Carbon Nanotube Displacement Sensor
Authors: Giffney Tim , Xie Mengying , Yong Aaron , Wong Andrew , Mousset Philippe , McDaid Andrew , Aw Kean
Published: February 2016

The excellent compliance and large range of motion of soft actuators controlled by fluid pressure has lead to strong interest in applying devices of this type for biomimetic and human-robot interaction applications. However, in contrast to soft actuators fabricated from stretchable silicone materials, conventional technologies for position sensing are typically rigid or bulky and are not ideal for integration into soft robotic devices. Therefore, in order to facilitate the use of soft pneumatic actuators in applications where position sensing or closed loop control is required, a soft pneumatic bending actuator with an integrated carbon nanotube position sensor has been developed. The integrated carbon nanotube position sensor presented in this work is flexible and well suited to measuring the large displacements frequently encountered in soft robotics. The sensor is produced by a simple soft lithography process during the fabrication of the soft pneumatic actuator, with a greater than 30% resistance change between the relaxed state and the maximum displacement position. It is anticipated that integrated resistive position sensors using a similar design will be useful in a wide range of soft robotic systems.
An Optical Fiber Displacement Sensor Using RF Interrogation Technique
Authors: Kim Hyeon-Ho , Choi Sang-Jin , Jeon Keum , Pan Jae-Kyung
Published: February 2016

We propose a novel non-contact optical fiber displacement sensor. It uses a radio frequency (RF) interrogation technique which is based on bidirectional modulation of a Mach-Zehnder electro-optical modulator (MZ-EOM). The displacement is measured from the free spectral range (FSR) which is determined by the dip frequencies of the modulated MZ-EOM transfer function. In experiments, the proposed sensor showed a sensitivity of 456 kHz/mm or 1.043 kHz/V in a measurement range of 7 mm. The displacement resolution of the proposed sensor depends on the linewidth and the power of the optical source. Resolution better than 0.05 μm would be achieved if an optical source which has a linewidth narrower than 1.5 nm and a received power larger than −36 dBm is used. Also, the multiplexing characteristic of the proposed sensor was experimentally validated.
Registration of Feature-Poor 3D Measurements from Fringe Projection
Authors: Von Enzberg Sebastian , Al-Hamadi Ayoub , Ghoneim Ahmed
Published: February 2016

We propose a novel method for registration of partly overlapping three-dimensional surface measurements for stereo-based optical sensors using fringe projection. Based on two-dimensional texture matching, it allows global registration of surfaces with poor and ambiguous three-dimensional features, which are common to surface inspection applications. No prior information about relative sensor position is necessary, which makes our approach suitable for semi-automatic and manual measurement. The algorithm is robust and works with challenging measurements, including uneven illumination, surfaces with specular reflection as well as sparsely textured surfaces. We show that precisions of 1 mm and below can be achieved along the surfaces, which is necessary for further local 3D registration.