bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the northwestern Pacific: seasonal variation and source attribution
Authors: Zhao Y. , Zhang L. , Pan Y. , Wang Y. , Paulot F. , Henze D. K.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Rapid Asian industrialization has led to increased downwind atmospheric nitrogen deposition threatening the marine environment. We present an analysis of the sources and processes controlling atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the northwestern Pacific, using the GEOS-Chem global chemistry model and its adjoint model at 1/2° × 2/3° horizontal resolution over East Asia and its adjacent oceans. We focus our analyses on the marginal seas: the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea. Asian nitrogen emissions in the model are 28.6 Tg N a−1 as NH3 and 15.7 Tg N a−1 as NOx. China has the largest sources with 12.8 Tg N a−1 as NH3 and 7.9 Tg N a−1 as NOx; the high-NH3 emissions reflect its intensive agricultural activities. We find Asian NH3 emissions are a factor of 3 higher in summer than winter. The model simulation for 2008–2010 is evaluated with NH3 and NO2 column observations from satellite instruments, and wet deposition flux measurements from surface monitoring sites. Simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the northwestern Pacific ranges 0.8–20 kg N ha−1 a−1, decreasing rapidly downwind of the Asian continent. Deposition fluxes average 11.9 kg N ha−1 a−1 (5.0 as reduced nitrogen NHx and 6.9 as oxidized nitrogen NOy) to the Yellow Sea, and 5.6 kg N ha−1 a−1 (2.5 as NHx and 3.1 as NOy) to the South China Sea. Nitrogen sources over the ocean (ship NOx and oceanic NH3) have little contribution to deposition over the Yellow Sea, about 7 % over the South China Sea, and become important (greater than 30 %) further downwind. We find that the seasonality of nitrogen deposition to the northwestern Pacific is determined by variations in meteorology largely controlled by the East Asian monsoon and in nitrogen emissions. The model adjoint further estimates that nitrogen deposition to the Yellow Sea originates from sources over China (92 % contribution) and the Korean peninsula (7 %), and by sectors from fertilizer use (24 %), power plants (22 %), and transportation (18 %). Deposition to the South China Sea shows source contribution from mainland China (66 %), Taiwan (20 %), and the rest (14 %) from the southeast Asian countries and oceanic NH3 emissions. The adjoint analyses also indicate that reducing Asian NH3 emissions would increase NOy dry deposition to the Yellow Sea (28 % offset annually), limiting the effectiveness of NH3 emission controls on reducing nitrogen deposition to the Yellow Sea.
Can we use modelling methodologies to assess airborne benzo[a]pyrene from biomonitors? A comprehensive evaluation approach
Authors: Ratola N. , Jiménez-Guerrero P.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Biomonitoring data available on levels of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in pine needles from the Iberian Peninsula was used to estimate air concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and, at the same time, fuelled the comparison with chemistry transport model representations. Simulations with the modelling system WRF + CHIMERE were validated against data from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) air sampling network and using modelled atmospheric concentrations as a consistent reference in order to compare the performance of vegetation-to-air estimating methods. A spatial and temporal resolution of 9 km and 1 h was implemented. The field-based database relied on a pine needles sampling scheme comprising 33 sites in Portugal and 37 sites in Spain complemented with the BaP measurements available from the EMEP sites. The ability of pine needles to act as biomonitoring markers for the atmospheric concentrations of BaP was estimated converting the levels obtained in pine needles into air concentrations by six different approaches, one of them presenting realistic concentrations when compared to the modelled atmospheric values. The justification for this study is the gaps still existing in the knowledge of the life cycles of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), particularly the partition processes between air and vegetation. The strategy followed in this work allows the definition of the transport patterns (e.g. dispersion) established by the model for atmospheric concentrations and the estimated values in vegetation.
Dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids, benzoic acid, α-dicarbonyls, WSOC, OC, and ions in spring aerosols from Okinawa Island in the western North Pacific Rim: size distributions and formation processes
Authors: Deshmukh D. K. , Kawamura K. , Lazaar M. , Kunwar B. , Boreddy S. K. R.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Size-segregated aerosols (9-stages from < 0.43 to > 11.3 μm in diameter) were collected at Cape Hedo, Okinawa in spring 2008 and analyzed for water-soluble diacids (C2–\\C12), ω-oxoacids (ωC2–ωC9), pyruvic acid, benzoic acid and α-dicarbonyls (C2–C3) as well as water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), organic carbon (OC) and major ions. In all the size-segregated aerosols, oxalic acid (C2) was found as the most abundant species followed by malonic and succinic acids whereas glyoxylic acid (ωC2) was the dominant oxoacid and glyoxal (Gly) was more abundant than methylglyoxal. Diacids (C2–C5), ωC2 and Gly as well as WSOC and OC peaked at 0.65–1.1 μm in fine mode whereas azelaic (C9) and 9-oxononanoic (ωC9) acids peaked at 3.3–4.7 μm in coarse mode. Sulfate and ammonium are enriched in fine mode whereas sodium and chloride are in coarse mode. These results imply that water-soluble species in the marine aerosols could act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) to develop the cloud cover over the western North Pacific Rim. The organic species are likely produced by a combination of gas-phase photooxidation, and aerosol-phase or in-cloud processing during long-range transport. The coarse mode peaks of malonic and succinic acids were obtained in the samples with marine air masses, suggesting that they may be associated with the reaction on sea salt particles. Bimodal size distributions of longer-chain diacid (C9) and oxoacid (ωC9) with a major peak in the coarse mode suggest their production by photooxidation of biogenic unsaturated fatty acids via heterogeneous reactions on sea salt particles.
Correction of water vapor absorption for aerosol remote sensing with ceilometers
Authors: Wiegner M. , Gasteiger J.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. In recent years attention was increasingly paid to backscatter profiles of ceilometers as a new source of aerosol information. Several case studies have shown that – although originally intended for cloud detection only – ceilometers can provide the planetary boundary layer height and even quantitative information such as the aerosol backscatter coefficient βp, provided that the signals have been calibrated. It is expected that the retrieval of aerosol parameters will become widespread as the number of ceilometers is steadily increasing, and continuous and unattended operation is provided. In this context however one should be aware of the fact that the majority of ceilometers provides signals that are influenced by atmospheric water vapor. As a consequence, profiles of aerosol parameters can only be retrieved if water vapor absorption is taken into account. In this paper we describe the influence of water vapor absorption on ceilometer signals at wavelengths around λ = 910 nm. Spectrally high-resolved absorption coefficients are calculated from HITRAN on the basis of realistic emission spectra of ceilometers. These results are used as a reference to develop a methodology ("WAPL") for routine and near-real time corrections of the water vapor influence. Comparison of WAPL with the reference demonstrates its very high accuracy. Extensive studies with simulations based on measurements reveal that the error when water vapor absorption is ignored in the βp-retrieval can be in the order of 20 % for mid-latitudes and more than 50 % for the tropics. It is concluded that the emission spectrum of the laser source should be provided by the manufacturer to increase the accuracy of WAPL, and that 910 nm is better suited than 905 nm. With WAPL systematic errors can be avoided, that would exceed the inherent errors of the Klett solutions by far.
Multi-year observations of gravity wave momentum fluxes at low and middle latitudes inferred by all-sky meteor radar
Authors: Andrioli V. F. , Batista P. P. , Clemesha B. R. , Schuch N. J. , Buriti R. A.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. We have applied a modified composite day analysis to the Hocking (2005) technique to study gravity wave (GW) momentum fluxes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Wind measurements from almost continuous meteor radar observations during June 2004–December 2008 over São João do Cariri (Cariri; 7° S, 36° W), April 1999–November 2008 over Cachoeira Paulista (CP; 23° S, 45° W), and February 2005–December 2009 over Santa Maria (SM; 30° S, 54° W) were used to estimate the GW momentum fluxes and variances in the MLT region. Our analysis can provide monthly mean altitude profiles of vertical fluxes of horizontal momentum for short-period (less than 2–3 h) GWs. The averages for each month throughout the entire data series have shown different behavior for the momentum fluxes depending on latitude and component. The meridional component has almost the same behavior at the three sites, being positive (northward), for most part of the year. On the other hand, the zonal component shows different behavior at each location: it is positive for almost half the year at Cariri and SM but predominantly negative over CP. Annual variation in the GW momentum fluxes is present at all sites in the zonal component and also in SM at 89 km in the meridional component. The seasonal analysis has also shown a 4-month oscillation at 92.5 km over SM in the zonal component and over CP at the same altitudes but for the meridional component.
Climatic variability and human impact during the last 2000 years in western Mesoamerica: evidence of late Classic (AD 600–900) and Little Ice Age drought events
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez A. , Caballero M. , Roy P. , Ortega B. , Vázquez-Castro G. , Lozano-García S.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. We present results of analysis of biological (diatoms and ostracodes) and non-biological (Ti, Ca / Ti, total inorganic carbon, magnetic susceptibility) variables from an 8.8 m long, high-resolution (~ 20 yr sample−1) laminated sediment sequence from Lake Santa María del Oro (SMO), western Mexico. This lake lies at a sensitive location between the dry climates of northern Mexico, under the influence of the North Pacific subtropical high-pressure cell and the moister climates of central Mexico, under the influence of the seasonal migration of the intertropical convergence zone and the North American monsoon (NAM). The sequence covers the last 2000 years and provides evidence of two periods of human impact in the catchment, shown by increases in the diatom Achnanthidium minutissimum. The first from AD 100 to 400 (Early Classic) is related to the shaft and chamber tombs cultural tradition in western Mexico, and the second is related to Post-Classic occupation from AD 1100 to 1300. Both periods correspond to relatively wet conditions. Three dry intervals are identified from increased carbonate and the presence of ostracodes and aerophilous Eolimna minima. The first, from AD 500 to 1000 (most intense during the late Classic, from AD 600 to 800), correlates with the end of the shaft and chamber tradition in western Mexico after ca. AD 600. This late Classic dry period is the most important climatic signal in the Mesoamerican region during the last 2000 years, and has been recorded at several sites from Yucatan to the Pacific coast. In the Yucatan area, this dry interval has been related with the demise of the Maya culture at the end of the Classic (AD 850 to 950). The last two dry events (AD 1400 to 1550 and 1690 to 1770) correspond with the onset of, and the late, Little Ice Age, and follow largely the Spörer and Maunder minima in solar radiation. The first of these intervals (AD 1400 to 1550) shows the most intense signal over western Mexico; however this pattern is different at other sites. Dry/wet intervals in the SMO record are related with lower/higher intensity of the NAM over this region, respectively.
Microfossil evidence for trophic changes during the Eocene–Oligocene transition in the South Atlantic (ODP Site 1263, Walvis Ridge)
Authors: Bordiga M. , Henderiks J. , Tori F. , Monechi S. , Fenero R. , Legarda-Lisarri A. , Thomas E.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The biotic response of calcareous nannoplankton to environmental and climatic changes during the Eocene–Oligocene transition was investigated at a high resolution at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1263 (Walvis Ridge, southeast Atlantic Ocean) and compared with a lower-resolution benthic foraminiferal record. During this time interval, global climate, which had been warm under high levels of atmospheric CO2 (pCO2) during the Eocene, transitioned into the cooler climate of the Oligocene, at overall lower pCO2. At Site 1263, the absolute nannofossil abundance (coccoliths per gram of sediment; N g−1) and the mean coccolith size decreased distinctly after the E–O boundary (EOB; 33.89 Ma), mainly due to a sharp decline in abundance of large-sized Reticulofenestra and Dictyococcites, occurring within a time span of ~ 47 kyr. Carbonate dissolution did not vary much across the EOB; thus, the decrease in abundance and size of nannofossils may reflect an overall decrease in their export production, which could have led to variations in the food availability for benthic foraminifers. The benthic foraminiferal assemblage data are consistent with a global decline in abundance of rectilinear species with complex apertures in the latest Eocene (~ 34.5 Ma), potentially reflecting changes in the food source, i.e., phytoplankton. This was followed by a transient increased abundance of species indicative of seasonal delivery of food to the sea floor (Epistominella spp.; ~ 33.9–33.4 Ma), with a short peak in overall food delivery at the EOB (buliminid taxa; ~ 33.8 Ma). Increased abundance of Nuttallides umbonifera (at ~ 33.3 Ma) indicates the presence of more corrosive bottom waters and possibly the combined arrival of less food at the sea floor after the second step of cooling (Step 2). The most important changes in the calcareous nannofossil and benthic communities occurred ~ 120 kyr after the EOB. There was no major change in nannofossil abundance or assemblage composition at Site 1263 after Step 2 although benthic foraminifera indicate more corrosive bottom waters during this time. During the onset of latest-Eocene–earliest-Oligocene climate change, marine phytoplankton thus showed high sensitivity to fast-changing conditions as well as to a possibly enhanced, pulsed nutrient supply and to the crossing of a climatic threshold (e.g., pCO2 decline, high-latitude cooling and changes in ocean circulation).
7300 years of vegetation history and climate for NW Malta: a Holocene perspective
Authors: Gambin B. , Andrieu-Ponel V. , Médail F. , Marriner N. , Peyron O. , Montade V. , Gambin T. , Morhange C. , Belkacem D. , Djamali M.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. This paper investigates the Holocene vegetation dynamics for Burmarrad in north-west Malta and provides a pollen-based quantitative palaeoclimatic reconstruction for this centrally located Mediterranean archipelago. The pollen record from this site provides new insight into the vegetation changes from 7280 to 1730 cal BP which correspond well with other regional records. The climate reconstruction for the area also provides strong correlation with southern (below 40° N) Mediterranean sites. Our interpretation suggests an initially open landscape during the early Neolithic, surrounding a large palaeobay, developing into a dense Pistacia scrubland ca. 6700 cal BP. From about 4450 cal BP the landscape once again becomes open, coinciding with the start of the Bronze Age on the archipelago. This period is concurrent with increased climatic instability (between 4500 and 3700 cal BP) which is followed by a gradual decrease in summer moisture availability in the late Holocene. During the early Roman occupation period (1972 to 1730 cal BP) the landscape remains generally open with a moderate increase in Olea. This increase, corresponds to archaeological evidence for olive oil production in the area, along with increases in cultivated crop taxa and associated ruderal species, as well as a rise in fire events. The Maltese archipelago provides important insight into vegetation, human impacts and climatic changes in an island context during the Holocene.
Development of efficient GPU parallelization of WRF Yonsei University planetary boundary layer scheme
Authors: Huang M. , Mielikainen J. , Huang B. , Chen H. , Huang H.-L. A. , Goldberg M. D.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is the lowest part of the atmosphere and where its character is directly affected by its contact with the underlying planetary surface. The PBL is responsible for vertical sub-grid-scale fluxes due to eddy transport in the whole atmospheric column. It determines the flux profiles within the well-mixed boundary layer and the more stable layer above. It thus provides an evolutionary model of atmospheric temperature, moisture (including clouds), and horizontal momentum in the entire atmospheric column. For such purposes, several PBL models have been proposed and employed in the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model of which the Yonsei University (YSU) scheme is one. To expedite weather research and prediction, we have put tremendous effort into developing an accelerated implementation of the entire WRF model using graphics processing unit (GPU) massive parallel computing architecture whilst maintaining its accuracy as compared to its central processing unit (CPU)-based implementation. This paper presents our efficient GPU-based design on a WRF YSU PBL scheme. Using one NVIDIA Tesla K40 GPU, the GPU-based YSU PBL scheme achieves a speedup of 193× with respect to its CPU counterpart running on one CPU core, whereas the speedup for one CPU socket (4 cores) with respect to 1 CPU core is only 3.5×. We can even boost the speedup to 360× with respect to 1 CPU core as two K40 GPUs are applied.
Impact of land management system on crop yields and soil fertility in Cameroon
Authors: Tsozué D. , Nghonda J. P. , Mekem D. L.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The impact of direct-seeding mulch-based cropping systems (DMC), direct seeding (DS) and tillage seeding (TS) on Sorghum yields, soil fertility and the rehabilitation of degraded soils was evaluated in northern Cameroon. Field work consisted of visual examination, soil sampling, yield and rainfall data collection. Three fertilization rates (F1: 100 kg ha−1 NPK + 25 kg ha−1 of urea in DMC, F2: 200 kg ha−1 NPK + 50 kg ha−1 of urea in DMC and F3: 300 kg ha−1 NPK + 100 kg ha−1 of urea in DMC) were applied to each cropping system (DS, TS and DMC), resulting in nine experimental plots. Two types of chemical fertilizer were used (NPK 22.10.15 and urea) and applied each year from 2002 to 2012. Average Sorghum yields were 1239, 863 and 960 kg ha−1 in DMC, DS and TS, respectively, at F1, 1658, 1139 and 1192 kg ha−1 in DMC, DS and TS, respectively, at F2, and 2270, 2138 and 1780 kg ha−1 in DMC, DS and TS, respectively, at F3. pH values were 5.2–5.7 under DMC, 4.9–5.3 under DS and TS and 5.6 in the control sample. High values of cation exchange capacity were recorded in the control sample, TS system and F1 of DMC. Base saturation rates, total nitrogen and organic matter contents were higher in the control sample and DMC than in the other systems. All studied soils were permanently not suitable for Sorghum due to the high percentage of nodules. F1 and F2 of the DS were currently not suitable, while F1 and F3 of DMC, F3 of DS and F1, F2 and F3 of TS were marginally suitable for Sorghum due to low pH values.
Recent summer sea ice thickness surveys in the Fram Strait and associated volume fluxes
Authors: Krumpen T. , Gerdes R. , Haas C. , Hendricks S. , Herber A. , Selyuzhenok V. , Smedsrud L. , Spreen G.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Fram Strait is the main gateway for sea ice export out of the Arctic Ocean, and therefore observations there give insight into composition and properties of Arctic sea ice in general and how it varies over time. An extensive data set of ground-based and airborne electromagnetic ice thickness measurements collected between 2001 and 2012 is presented here, including long transects well into the southern part of the Transpolar Drift obtained using fixed-wing aircrafts. The source area for the surveyed ice is primarily the Laptev Sea, and the estimated age is consistent with a decreased from 3 to 2 years between 1990 and 2012. The data consistently also show a general thinning for the last decade, with a decrease in modal thickness of second year and multiyear ice, and a decrease in mean thickness and fraction of ice thicker than 3 m. Local melting in the strait was investigated in two surveys performed in the downstream direction, showing a decrease of 0.19 m degree−1 latitude south of 81° N probably driven by bottom melting from warm water of Atlantic origin. Further north variability in ice thickness is more related to differences in age and deformation. The thickness observations were combined with ice area export estimates to calculate summer volume fluxes of sea ice. This shows that it is possible to determine volume fluxes through Fram Strait during summer when satellite based sea ice thickness information is missing. While the ice area export based on satellite remote sensing shows positive trends since 2001, the mean fluxes during summer (July and August) are small (18 km3), and long-term trends are uncertain due to the limited surveys available.
Effective Use of Foreign Debt, the Case for Turkey
Authors: Karaman S. Cem
Published: September 2015

An advanced financial system is regarded as a hallmark of development. Lending or borrowing money, or debt, plays a vital role in an economy. But just like any other economic decision, borrowing requires a thorough analysis of contingencies. Debt may lead to prosperity through sound investment, or it may overwhelm firms/people when not used properly. In today’s circumstances, borrowing from world financial markets is easier than ever before. In this paper, the possibility of foreign borrowing helping Turkey to improve its macroeconomic variables of GDP, consumption, government spending, investment, exports and current account balance is explored. We look for cointegration relationships between various foreign debt variables classified as public or private foreign debt; short-term or long-term foreign debt, and various macroeconomic variables. Later, the variables studied are tested to see if there are any statistically causal relationships between them. The following results are found: short-term foreign debt is not cointegrated with any of the macroeconomic variables when long-term foreign debt is cointegrated with some of them; private foreign debt is more effective than public foreign debt on macroeconomic variables. Whilst Turkey is critically dependent on foreign borrowing in financing its current account deficit, its current account balance is not cointegrated with any of the foreign debt data. Public foreign debt precedes government spending where private foreign debt follows private sector spending. This is interpreted as a sign that the private sector is more careful with its borrowing decisions than the government since its spending, which is procyclical with the business cycle, is leading its borrowing.
INFLUENCE OF THE METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON FOREST FIRES OCCURRENCES IN LICHINGA DISTRICT, NORTHERN MOZAMBIQUE
Authors: Mbanze Aires Afonso , Batista Antonio Carlos , Tetto Alexandre França , Koehler Henrique Soares , Manteiga Jose Bernardo
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of meteorological conditions on the fire occurrences in forest stands of Lichinga district, in the period from 2010 to 2012. Data about fire occurrences records of the district of Lichinga and two others close districts (Lago and Sanga) were provided by the Center for Monitoring and Control of Forest Fires (CCMIF) of the company Chikweti. Daily weather data: temperature, rainfall and relative humidity of the same period, recorded at 13:00 PM, by the meteorological station of the Institute of Agronomic Research of Mozambique (IIAM) in Lichinga district were also provided to this work. Meteorological data were submitted to regression analysis and Tukey test. The results showed a significant variation in temperature and humidity on both tests. The overlapping of fire occurrences and meteorological variables, suggested a great influence of the meteorological conditions in the occurrence of fires, mainly due to the very long dry periods. In 2010 there was a delay in the occurrence of fires; this was related to the rainy season which was slightly longer. September and October was the months that recorded the highest number of fire occurrences throughout the studied period.ResumoInfluência das condições meteorológicas na ocorrência dos incêndios florestais no distrito de Lichinga, norte de Moçambique. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência das variáveis meteorológicas na ocorrência de incêndios em povoamentos florestais no distrito de Lichinga, no período de 2010 a 2012. Para tal, foram analisados os registros de ocorrências de incêndios do distrito de Lichinga e de outros dois distritos vizinhos (Lago e Sanga), disponibilizados pelo Centro de Controle e Monitoramento de Incêndios Florestais (CCMIF) da empresa Chikweti Forest of Niassa, e dados meteorológicos diários de temperatura (máxima e mínima), precipitação e umidade relativa, do mesmo período, registrados às 13 horas, pela estação meteorológica do Instituto de Investigação Agronômica de Moçambique em Lichinga (IIAM-Lichinga). Os dados meteorológicos foram submetidos ao teste de análise de regressão e ao teste de Tukey, tendo sido observado uma variação significativa da temperatura e umidade em ambos os testes. A sobreposição das ocorrências dos incêndios com as variáveis meteorológicas demostrou uma grande influênca dessas variáveis na ocorrência dos incêndios, principalmente devido aos períodos secos prolongados. No ano 2010 observou-se um atraso na ocorrência dos incêndios, devido ao período chuvoso que foi ligeiramente mais longo. Os meses que registraram maior número de ocorrências em todo o período foram setembro e outubro.Palavras-chave: Povoamentos florestais; variáveis meteorológicas; prevenção de incêndios florestais.
EFEITO DE LODO DE PAPEL RECICLADO E DA ADUBAÇÃO DE COBERTURA SOBRE A DISPONIBILIDADE DE MICRONUTRIENTES EM Eucalyptus saligna
Authors: De Castro Faria Álvaro Boson , Ângelo Alessandro Camargo , Auer Celso Garcia
Published: September 2015

Os resíduos sólidos da indústria de reciclagem de papel têm potencial de uso para correção da acidez do solo e como fonte de nutrientes para as culturas agrícolas e florestais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses de lodo de papel reciclado e da adubação de cobertura sobre a disponibilidade de micronutrientes em Eucalyptus saligna Smith, com base em um ensaio com mudas de três meses de idade transplantadas para vasos distribuídos com espaçamento em uma área experimental 2 x 2 m. Após a homogeneização da granulometria e da umidade do lodo, foi implantado um delineamento inteiramente casualisado com dois fatores (dose e adubação em cobertura) e três repetições, totalizando dezoito amostras de folhas e dezoito de raízes por micronutriente. Os efeitos foram os seguintes: quanto maior a dose do lodo de papel reciclado, menores os teores de manganês nas raízes. Em menor intensidade, a adubação em cobertura também prejudicou a disponibilidade de Mn radicular. O lodo e a adubação não prejudicaram a disponibilidade de Fe, Zn e Cu pelas plantas.AbstractEffect of sludge from recycled paper and top fertilization on macronutrients availability of Eucalyptus saligna. The solid waste of recycling paper industry has potential to be used both as lime and as a source of nutrients for agricultural crops and forestry. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of recycled paper sludge and top fertilization on the availability of micronutrients in Eucalyptus saligna Smith, based on a test with three-month-old seedlings transplanted to pots distributed in a 2 x 2 m experimental area. After homogenization of particle size and moisture content of the sludge, a completely randomized design with two factors (dose and top fertilization), and three repetitions was implemented, totaling eighteen samples of leaves and roots for each micronutrient. The higher dose of recycled paper sludge, the lowest was the manganese contents in the roots. In lesser intensity, top fertilization also decreased the availability of Mn root. The sludge and fertilization did not impair the plants availability of Fe, Zn and Cu.Keywords: Forestry; agro-industrial residues; sustainability.
EVOLUÇÃO DO SORTIMENTO EM POVOAMENTOS DE Pinus taeda NOS ESTADOS DO PARANÁ E SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Kohler Sintia Valerio , Koehler Henrique Soares , Figueiredo Filho Afonso , Arce Julio Eduardo , Machado Sebastião Do Amaral
Published: September 2015

A dinâmica da evolução do sortimento em povoamentos de Pinus taeda foi estudada utilizando-se dados de análise de tronco em povoamentos estabelecidos nos estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina, amostrando-se 126 e 120 árvores, respectivamente. O polinômio de potências inteiras e fracionárias foi ajustado para os dados estratificados em classes de idade. Com o programa FlorExel®, foram calculados os volumes por sortimento nas diferentes idades dos povoamentos. Os volumes totais médios por árvore aos 18 anos foram de 1,157 m³ para o estado do Paraná e de 0,959 m³ para o estado de Santa Catarina. Volumes para celulose foram mais representativos na classe de 7 a 9 anos, com 50% do volume. Volumes para serraria tipo 1 foram estimados a partir da idade de 7 anos, e para serraria tipo 2, a partir da idade 8 e 9 anos, respectivamente, representando 70% do volume total (serraria tipo 1 + serraria tipo 2) na classe de 10 a 12 anos. Volumes para laminação foram obtidos a partir dos 13 anos em ambos os estados, chegando a apresentar mais de 30% do volume total a partir da idade de 19 anos. Observa-se uma mudança rápida no sortimento “nobre” a partir da idade de 13 anos.AbstractEvolution of assortment of Pinus taeda stands located at Paraná and Santa Catarina States. The dynamic evolution of assortment of Pinus taeda stands was studied using data from complete stem analysis in stands established at Paraná and Santa Catarina states, sampling 126 and 120 trees respectively. The integer and fractional power equation was fitted to the data set stratified by age classes. With FlorExel ® program volumes assortments by the different ages of stands were estimated. The average tree total volume was 1,157 m³, at age of 18 years in Paraná state and 0,959 m³ at Santa Catarina State. Wood for cellulose had higher representation in the class of 7 to 9 years, with 50% of the volume. Volumes for sawmill type 1 were estimated in plantations from 7 years, and for sawmill type 2 from 8 and 9 years old, respectively, representing 70% of the total volume (sawmill type 1 + sawmill type 2) at 10 to 12 years of age. Tree volumes for veneer were obtained from 13 years of age on, in both stands, arriving to present more than 30% of the total volume from the age 19 years. It was observed a fast change in the "noble" assortment after the age of 13 years.Keywords: Assortment dynamic; multproduct; taper models.
PRODUTIVIDADE DE MINICEPAS DE CEDRO-AUSTRALIANO EM FUNÇÃO DO TEOR INICIAL DE NUTRIENTES
Authors: De Souza Juliana Sobreira , Barroso Deborah Guerra , Silva Mirian Peixoto Soares da , Ferreira Daniele De Alvarenga
Published: September 2015

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a produtividade de minicepas de cedro-australiano em função do teor inicial de nutrientes em dois sistemas de minijardim multiclonal, conduzidos em canaletão e tubetes. Foi determinada a produtividade de miniestacas em 186 minicepas em cada sistema de manejo e os teores de nutrientes nas brotações emitidas por 20 minicepas selecionadas ao acaso em cada sistema. Foram realizadas cinco coletas de brotações em intervalos médios de 32 dias no sistema canaletão, enquanto no sistema tubete foram realizadas três coletas de brotações em intervalos médios de 31 dias. O número de miniestacas produzidas por minicepa foi correlacionado com o teor inicial de nutrientes da parte apical das mudas. A produtividade de minicepas de cedro-australiano manejadas em sistema canaletão e em tubetes está relacionada à nutrição mineral. Assim, níveis elevados de nutrientes nas minicepas favorecem o ganho em produtividade. Dessa forma, a reposição dos nutrientes conforme a exportação descrita favorecerá o aumento da produtividade das minicepas nos dois sistemas de produção.AbstractProductivity of cedar Australian ministumps in function of the initial nutrient. The aim of this research was to evaluate the productivity of Australian cedar ministumps in function of the initial content of nutrients in two systems of multiclonal minigarden; the experiment was conducted in tray and tubes. We determined the yield of minicuttings in 186 ministumps in each management system and the nutrient contents in shoots issued for 20 ministumps randomly selected in each system. We made a total of five collections of shoots in intervals of 32 days in the tray system, while in the cartridges system we made three collections of shoots in intervals of 31 days. The number of minicuttings produced by mini-stump was correlated with the initial content of nutrients in the apical part of seedlings. The productivity of australian cedar ministumps managed under tray and tubes is related to mineral nutrition. Thus, high levels of nutrients work in favor of ministumps gain in productivity. As result, the recovery of export nutrients, as described, work in favor of increased productivity of ministumps in both systems.Keywords: Vegetative propagation; Toona ciliata; multiclonal minigarden; mineral nutriton.
Floristic dissimilarity and indicator species of Araucaria Forest and ecotones.
Authors: Manfredi Silvana , Gomes Juliano Pereira , Ferreira Paula Iaschitzki , Bortoluzzi Roseli Lopes da Costa , Mantovani Adelar
Published: September 2015

A busca do conhecimento sobre a expansão das florestas em relação aos ecossistemas associados (campestre e banhado) aborda a presença de fatores ambientais como o fogo e o pastejo, frequentemente descritos como determinantes dos processos ecológicos favoráveis à dinâmica sucessional. Dessa forma, objetivou-se verificar se existem diferenças na composição florística do interior de fragmentos florestais e entre setores de transição floresta-campo e floresta-banhado, bem como identificar espécies indicadoras para cada um desses ambientes. O estudo foi realizado em fragmentos florestais situados nos municípios de Bom Jardim da Serra e Lages (Coxilha Rica), onde foram instaladas duas parcelas permanentes de 50x50 m, subdivididas em setores de 10x10 m, categorizados em três setores: Floresta Ombrófila Mista, transição floresta x campo e transição floresta x banhado. Há dissimilaridade florística entre os fragmentos florestais dos locais e, também, entre os setores de transição (ecótonos). As espécies indicadoras dos ecótonos estão vinculadas ao estágio inicial da sucessão florestal, apresentando potencial para colonização do campo, podendo atuar no início do processo de expansão da fronteira florestal.AbstractFloristic dissimilarity and indicator species of Araucaria Forest and ecotones. The search for knowledge about the expansion of forests in relation to associated ecosystems (native grassland and wetland) addresses the presence of environmental factors such as fire and grazing, often described as determinants of ecological processes in favor of succession dynamics. The objective here was to verify if there are differences among the floristic composition of the interior of forest fragments and transition sectors of forest-native grassland and forest-wetland, as well as to identify indicator species for each of these environments. The research was conducted in forest fragments located in the municipalities of Bom Jardim da Serra and Lages (Coxilha Rica), SC, where we installed two permanent plots of 50x50 m, subdivided into sectors of 10x10 m categorized into three sectors: Araucaria Forest, forest transition x native grassland and forest x wetland transition. There is floristic dissimilarity between the local forest fragments and also between the transition areas (ecotones). The indicator species of ecotones are linked to early stages of forest succession, with potential for colonization of the field, they can operate in the start of the expansion of the forest boundary process.Keywords: Araucaria Forest; native grassland; wetland; succession.
DIVERSIDADE E ESTRUTURA GENÉTICA DE Senna reticulata
Authors: Lima Raquel Alencar de , Lopes Maria Teresa Gomes , Bentes Jania Lilia da Silva , Valente Mágno Sávio Ferreira , Pereira José Odair , Muniz Graciela Ines Bolzon de
Published: September 2015

Senna reticulata (Willd.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby é uma planta arbórea pioneira em áreas abertas de planícies aluviais da Amazônia e frequentemente usada como planta medicinal. Devido à escassez de informações sobre a diversidade da espécie, caracterizou-se a diversidade genética de populações naturais de S. reticulata por meio de marcadores AFLP. Foram coletadas amostras em quatro populações ao longo do trecho do gasoduto Coari-Manaus: Santa Luzia do Baixio, Nossa Senhora de Nazaré, Matrinchã e Esperança II. Foram utilizados quatro primers de AFLP, resultando num total de 330 locos polimórficos variando de 76,97% a 92,42% entre as populações. O dendrograma e a análise bayesiana de agrupamento permitiram a visualização de um grupo formado pelas populações de Nossa Senhora de Nazaré e Esperança II e outro agrupamento formado por Santa Luzia do Baixio. A população de Matrinchã foi caracterizada como a composição de genes dos dois grupos. O fluxo gênico médio estimado entre as populações foi de 4,04 e o teste de Mantel indicou baixa correlação (r = 0,268) entre as matrizes de distância geográfica e distância genética. De acordo com a análise molecular de variância, a maior diferenciação genética está dentro das populações (82,29%), enquanto a variação interpopulacional foi de 17,71%.AbstractGenetic diversity and structure of Senna reticulata. S. reticulata (Willd.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby is a pioneer tree that grows in open areas of the Amazon floodplains and is often used as a medicinal plant species. Due to the lack of information on diversity for this species, this research aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of natural populations of S. reticulata by AFLP markers. The samples were collected in four populations along the natural gas pipeline pathway of Coari-Manaus: Santa Luzia do Baixio, Nossa Senhora de Nazaré, Matrinchã and Esperança II. Four AFLP primers were used, resulting in a total of 330 polymorphic loci ranged from 76.97% to 92.42% among populations. The clustering and Bayesian cluster analysis allowed to discriminate a group composed by the Nossa Senhora de Nazaré and Esperança II populations and another group composed by Santa Luzia do Baixio. Matrinchã population was characterized as a gene composition from both groups. Average gene flow among populations was 4.04 and Mantel test showed low correlation (r = 0.268) between the pairwise of geographic and genetic distance matrices. According to molecular variance analysis, the most genetic differentiation is within populations (82.29%), while the inter population variation was around 17.71%.Keywords: Population differentiation; AFLP marker; genetic variability.
De Tweede Kamerbehandeling van het wetsvoorstel Omgevingsrecht: de politieke waardering van de stelselherziening
Authors: Palm C.D. (Lidia) , de Vos H.W. (Wilco)
Published: September 2015

De Tweede Kamerbehandeling van het wetsvoorstel Omgevingsrecht: de politieke waardering van de stelselherziening

In dit artikel blikken we terug op de behandeling van het wetsvoorstel in de Tweede Kamer. Eerst komen enkele belangrijke onderwerpen uit de schriftelijke en mondelinge behandeling aan de orde. Vervolgens wordt besproken welke gevolgen de behandeling heeft gehad voor de doelen, uitgangspunten en opbouw van het wettelijk systeem. Welke politieke accenten zijn gelegd en tot welke veranderingen heeft dat geleid? Is het een typisch liberaal, confessioneel of links wetsvoorstel geworden? De auteurs zoomen ook in op de wijze van behandeling en het samenspel tussen de Tweede Kamer en de regering. Dit betreft de manier waarop de Tweede Kamer het proces heeft georganiseerd, de wijze waarop zij invulling heeft gegeven aan de taak van medewetgever en hoe de regering daarop heeft gereageerd. Tot slot volgt een korte vooruitblik op het vervolg van de stelselherziening.
Het VU-rapport over de vestiging van detailhandel en verdragsvrijheden: beschouwing & opinie
Authors: Heutink G.H.J. (Gijs)
Published: September 2015

Het VU-rapport over de vestiging van detailhandel en verdragsvrijheden: beschouwing & opinie

In deze bijdrage wordt het rapport: ‘Vestiging van detailhandel: de toepassing van verdragsvrijheden van het VWEU en de toepassing van de Dienstenrichtlijn’ van prof. mr. J. Struiksma, prof. mr. E. Steyger en mr. M.R. Botman op hoofdlijnen tegen het licht gehouden en worden de conclusies samengevat en op onderdelen voorzien van commentaar en opinie. Tot slot wordt een voorschot genomen op het vervolg en de vraag tot welke acties het rapport de minister aanleiding zou kunnen of moeten geven.
Reden tot discussie over het Nederlandse planschadestelsel?
Authors: Huijts J.H.M. (Jonathan) , Backes C.W. (Chris)
Published: September 2015

Reden tot discussie over het Nederlandse planschadestelsel?

In deze bijdrage wordt een pleidooi gehouden om na te denken over mogelijke principiële wijzigingen van het planschaderecht.
Results of the study of some biochemical values in dog after spaying
Authors: Enkhbayar E , Gereltsetseg G
Published: September 2015

It is sometimes necessary to remove gonad of a dog during various age. In order to define the optimal age for spaying (ovariohysterectomy) female dogs, our study objectives were to investigate changes of hormonal and biochemical values in both immature and mature female dogs after spaying. Results of the study on sex hormone levels at different stages of female dog estrous cycle and biochemical values of only mature dogs were presented in this article. Highest progesterone concentration in female puppy occurs during diestrus (20-35 ng/ml), and estradiol level peaked (25-35 pg/ml) during proestrus. In mature dogs for one year after ovariohysterectomy, total proteins in plasma increased by 13.3%, albumin elevated by 31.1%, total lipids by 2.3 times, cholesterol by 3 times and plasma glucose by 2.3 times. Results of the study revealed removal of gonads or ovaries in female dogs leads to greater changes of metabolism, especially lipid or cholesterol metabolism disturbs at highest levelsMongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 16-21
Histopathological characterization of L. donovani infection in RAG2-/-mice
Authors: Khatanbaatar I , Gantuya S , Boldbaatar D , Battsetseg G , Matsumoto Y
Published: September 2015

A recent study demonstrated lower incidence of fever and hepatosplenomegaly in HIV-positive VL patients than HIV-negative VL patients, indicating that acquired immunity have important roles in development of hepatosplenomegaly also in human VL. To explore the roles of acquired immunity in pathology of VL, pathological characterization of L. donovani infection in RAG2-/-mice was performed. One hundred million promastigotes were inoculated intraperitoneally to RAG2-/-mice as well as BALB/c mice, and organs were harvested from the animals at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after infection and examined for parasite burdens and pathological changes. L. donovani infection induced splenomegaly in BALB/c mice; the length of the spleen after 12 weeks of infected mice was as twice as that of naive mice. In contrast, such the enlargement was not observed in RAG2-/-mice. Accumulations of mononuclear cells were found in the liver of infected BALB/c mice, whereas such the formations were less found in RAG2-/-mice. These results suggest that development of hepatosplenomegaly during experimental VL is dependent on the T cell or B cell rather than the presence of parasites.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 43-50
A survey of microorganism and its biological effects in the straw covered field
Authors: Delgermaa B , Sunjidmaa O
Published: September 2015

This study compared and determined the quantities, types and biological activities of microorganisms in the soil covered and uncovered with straw. By creating straw mulch on the soil, the number of /nitrogen fixation/ useful bacteria has increased 1.3-2.2 times more than in the uncovered field. Also the cellular depleting bacteria around 0.7 million pieces, and the number of fungal pathogen 0.17 million pieces more than in the uncovered version. The soil biological activity has decreased 0.0037-0.0009 kg. hour/ha at the beginning of planting and at the end of harvesting. It depends on the number of bacteria.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 86-90
Four factor analysis of variance of fibre diameter
Authors: Narantuya B , Tseveennamjil D
Published: September 2015

As for the research methodology, we used sample of cashmere of goats, from some soums of Khentii province. We formulated the definition that is expressed by the values of different experiments of 4 factor analysis of variance. When we calculated, we used the formulation of 4 factor analysis of variance. Fibre diameter of goats of Khentii aimag that went under the research fluctuated between 13.70-18.10μm, average was 115.63±0.005μm; female goats' fibre diameter fluctuated between 13.7-18.10 μm and average was 15.66±0.13 μm; while male goats' fibre diameter fluctuated between 13.8-17.40 μm and average was 15.60±0.005 μm. Fibre length of goats that went under the research fluctuated between 3.57-7.13μm; average was 5.13±0.004cm; female goats' fibre length fluctuated between 3.73-7.00cm and average was 5.01±0.005; while male goats' fibre length fluctuated between 3.57-7.13cm and average was5.23±0.004cm. In terms of the percentage of effects of each factor: the factor “Soum”'s effect percentage was 2.5%, and the effect percentage of the factor “Goat sex” was 1.23%, factor “Goat age” was 59.1%, and factor “Fibre length” was 20.14%, and factor “inter-reaction of all factors”'s effect percentage was 16.33%. Among these factors the strongest effect factor was the goat's age.Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 159-165, 2015
Strengthening the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in Mongolia
Authors: Bayarsukh Noov
Published: September 2015

No Abstract AvailableJournal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 173-179, 2015