bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining a Disturbance Observer with Triple-Loop Control Based on MEMS Accelerometers for Line-of-Sight Stabilization
Authors: Luo Yong , Huang Yongmei , Deng Chao , Mao Yao , Ren Wei , Wu Qiongyan
Published: November 2017

In the CCD-based fine tracking optical system (FTOS), the whole disturbance suppression ability (DSA) is the product of the inner loop and outer position loop. Traditionally, high sampling fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOGs) are added to the platform to stabilize the line-of-sight (LOS). However, because of the FOGs’ high cost and relatively big volume relative to the back narrow space of small rotating mirrors, we attempt in this work to utilize a cheaper and smaller micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer to build the inner loop, replacing the FOG. Unfortunately, since accelerometers are susceptible to the low-frequency noise, according to the classical way of using accelerometers, the crucial low-frequency DSA of the system is insufficient. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose an approach based on MEMS accelerometers combining disturbance observer (DOB) with triple-loop control (TLC) in which the composite velocity loop is built by acceleration integration and corrected by CCD. The DOB is firstly used to reform the platform, greatly improving the medium-frequency DSA. Then the composite velocity loop exchanges a part of medium-frequency performance for the low-frequency DSA. A detailed analysis and experiments verify the proposed method has a better DSA than the traditional way and could totally substitute FOG in the LOS stabilization.
Self-Organizing Peer-To-Peer Middleware for Healthcare Monitoring in Real-Time
Authors: Kim Hyun , Jo Hyeong , Kang Soon
Published: November 2017

As the number of elderly persons with chronic illnesses increases, a new public infrastructure for their care is becoming increasingly necessary. In particular, technologies that can monitoring bio-signals in real-time have been receiving significant attention. Currently, most healthcare monitoring services are implemented by wireless carrier through centralized servers. These services are vulnerable to data concentration because all data are sent to a remote server. To solve these problems, we propose self-organizing P2P middleware for healthcare monitoring that enables a real-time multi bio-signal streaming without any central server by connecting the caregiver and care recipient. To verify the performance of the proposed middleware, we evaluated the monitoring service matching time based on a monitoring request. We also confirmed that it is possible to provide an effective monitoring service by evaluating the connectivity between Peer-to-Peer and average jitter.
A High-Performance Portable Transient Electro-Magnetic Sensor for Unexploded Ordnance Detection
Authors: Wang Haofeng , Chen Shudong , Zhang Shuang , Yuan Zhiwen , Zhang Haiyang , Fang Dong , Zhu Jun
Published: November 2017

Portable transient electromagnetic (TEM) systems can be well adapted to various terrains, including mountainous, woodland, and other complex terrains. They are widely used for the detection of unexploded ordnance (UXO). As the core component of the portable TEM system, the sensor is constructed with a transmitting coil and a receiving coil. Based on the primary field of the transmitting coil and internal noise of the receiving coil, the design and testing of such a sensor is described in detail. Results indicate that the primary field of the transmitting coil depends on the diameter, mass, and power of the coil. A higher mass–power product and a larger diameter causes a stronger primary field. Reducing the number of turns and increasing the clamp voltage reduces the switch-off time of the transmitting current effectively. Increasing the cross-section of the wire reduces the power consumption, but greatly increases the coil’s weight. The study of the receiving coil shows that the internal noise of the sensor is dominated by the thermal noise of the damping resistor. Reducing the bandwidth of the system and increasing the size of the coil reduces the internal noise effectively. The cross-sectional area and the distance between the sections of the coil have little effect on the internal noise. A less damped state can effectively reduce signal distortion. Finally, a portable TEM sensor with both a transmitting coil (constructed with a diameter, number of turns, and transmitting current of 0.5 m, 30, and 5 A, respectively) and a receiving coil (constructed with a length and resonant frequency of 5.6 cm and 50 kHz, respectively) was built. The agreement between experimental and calculated results confirms the theory used in the sensor design. The responses of an 82 mm mortar shell at different distances were measured and inverted by the differential evolution (DE) algorithm to verify system performance. Results show that the sensor designed in this study can not only detect the 82 mm mortar shell within 1.2 m effectively but also locate the target precisely.
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Rapid Discrimination of Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Seafood Tegillarca granosa
Authors: Ji Guoli , Ye Pengchao , Shi Yijian , Yuan Leiming , Chen Xiaojing , Yuan Mingshun , Zhu Dehua , Chen Xi , Hu Xinyu , Jiang Jing
Published: November 2017

Tegillarca granosa samples contaminated artificially by three kinds of toxic heavy metals including zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were attempted to be distinguished using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology and pattern recognition methods in this study. The measured spectra were firstly processed by a wavelet transform algorithm (WTA), then the generated characteristic information was subsequently expressed by an information gain algorithm (IGA). As a result, 30 variables obtained were used as input variables for three classifiers: partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), among which the RF model exhibited the best performance, with 93.3% discrimination accuracy among those classifiers. Besides, the extracted characteristic information was used to reconstruct the original spectra by inverse WTA, and the corresponding attribution of the reconstructed spectra was then discussed. This work indicates that the healthy shellfish samples of Tegillarca granosa could be distinguished from the toxic heavy-metal-contaminated ones by pattern recognition analysis combined with LIBS technology, which only requires minimal pretreatments.
Constraining Factors in Hungarian Carp Farming: An Econometric Perspective
Authors: Gyalog Gergő , Oláh Judit , Békefi Emese , Lukácsik Mónika , Popp József
Published: November 2017

Although carp farming had a key role in the Blue Revolution at a global level, European carp aquaculture has stagnated over the past 25 years without achieving any productivity gains. The objective of this study was to identify the factors and mechanisms constraining production and productivity growth in pond-based carp farming in Hungary, as the country is a good representative of the EU pond-based farming sector. By using data from 44 carp farms, different specifications of the Cobb-Douglas production function were parameterized to investigate the determinants of yields and to assess the extent of economies of scale. Descriptive statistics show that large differences exist in productivity between individual farms, meaning that it is hard to implement technical standards and to ensure repeatability in extensive carp farming technology. Econometric analysis demonstrates that economies of scale do not prevail in pond-based farming in Hungary, so a concentration of farms would not stimulate a growth in carp farming. This may explain the stagnation of carp aquaculture, as the only European aquaculture segments which can grow are those that can exploit economies of scale. Further analysis demonstrates that labour is an important factor of production, and a decreasing workforce may constrain the intensification process of production. On the other hand, mechanisation did not prove to be a significant contributing factor to yields, indicating that large investment in equipment has a limited role in carp farming.
Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods for the Sustainability of Historical–Cultural Structures on the Trabzon Coastline
Authors: Özdemir Işık Buket , Demir Sara
Published: November 2017

Unsustainable urban growth has put pressure on urban coastal areas and historical–cultural structures. As such, the important role of coastline sustainability has been revealed, and planners must protect historical–cultural coast characteristics in order to increase the quality of life of citizens. For this reason, this present study investigated the effects of existing coast characteristics and historical–cultural structure changes in recreation and tourism with respect to the Trabzon coastline in Turkey. Through literature and site survey, these effects were classified using specific coastal criteria which increase and decrease coastal use, and these were grouped by factor analysis. For the main criteria, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used, and for sub-criteria, the Elimination and Choice Expressing Reality (ELECTRE) method was employed, combining multi-criteria decision-making methods to generate a priority ranking for all criteria. Consequently, “socialization”, “city promotion” and “service quality” were revealed as the most effective criteria with respect to coastal use. The methods and the findings may significantly contribute to sustainable tourism planning for other urban coastal areas.
Development of the CO2 Emission Evaluation Tool for the Life Cycle Assessment of Concrete
Authors: Kim Taehyoung , Lee Sanghyo , Chae Chang , Jang Hyoungjae , Lee Kanghee
Published: November 2017

With the goal of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26.9% below business-as-usual by 2020, the construction industry is recognized as an environmentally harmful industry because of the large quantity of consumption and waste with which it is associated, and the industry has therefore been requested to become more environmentally friendly. Concrete, a common construction material, is known to emit large amounts of environmentally hazardous waste during the processes related to its production, construction, maintenance, and demolition. To aid the concrete industry’s efforts to reduce its GHG emissions, this study developed a software program that can assess GHG emissions incurred over the life cycle of a concrete product, and a case study was conducted to determine the impact of the proposed concrete assessment program on a construction project.
Developing a Methodology of Structuring and Layering Technological Information in Patent Documents through Natural Language Processing
Authors: Roh Taeyeoun , Jeong Yujin , Yoon Byungun
Published: November 2017

Since patents contain various types of objective technological information, they are used to identify the characteristics of technology fields. Text mining in patent analysis is employed in various fields such as trend analysis and technology classification, and knowledge flow among technologies. However, since keyword-based text mining has the limitation whereby, when screening useful keywords, it frequently omits meaningful keywords, analyzers therefore need to repeat the careful scrutiny of the derived keywords to clarify the meaning of keywords. In this research, we structure meaningful keyword sets related to technological information from patent documents; then we layer the keywords, depending on the level of information. This research involves two steps. First, the characteristics of technological information are analyzed by reviewing the patent law and investigating the description of patent documents. Second, the technological information is structured by considering the information types, and the keywords in each type are layered through natural language processing. Consequently, the structured and layered keyword set does not omit useful keywords and the analyzer can easily understand the meaning of each keyword.
Using New Mode Choice Model Nesting Structures to Address Emerging Policy Questions: A Case Study of the Pittsburgh Central Business District
Authors: Khattak Zulqarnain , Magalotti Mark , Miller John , Fontaine Michael
Published: November 2017

As transportation activities affect a region’s environmental quality, knowing why individuals prefer certain modes can help a region make judicious transportation investments. Using a nested logit model, this paper studies the behavior of commuters to downtown Pittsburgh who use auto, bus, light rail, walking, and biking. Although statistical measures influence the selection of a nesting structure, another criterion for model selection is the policy questions such models inform. Hence this paper demonstrates how an alternative model structure allows planners to consider new policy questions. For example, how might a change in parking fee affect greenhouse gas emission (GHGs)? The proposed model showed that a 5%, 10% and 15% increase in parking cost reduces GHGs by 7.3%, 9% and 13.2%, respectively, through increasing carpoolers’ mode share. Because the proposed model forecasts mode choices of certain groups of travelers with higher accuracy (compared to an older model that did not consider the model selection criteria presented here), the proposed model strengthens policymakers’ ability to consider environmental impacts of interest to the region (in this case, GHGs). The paper does not suggest that one nesting structure is always preferable; rather the nesting structure must be chosen with the policy considerations in mind.
The Role of Geographical Landscape Studies for Sustainable Territorial Planning
Authors: Franch-Pardo Iván , Napoletano Brian , Bocco Gerardo , Barrasa Sara , Cancer-Pomar Luis
Published: November 2017

One of the primary objectives of physical geography is to determine how natural phenomena produce specific territorial patterns. Therefore, physical geography offers substantial scientific input into territorial planning for sustainability. A key area where physical geography can contribute to land management is in the delimitation of landscape units. Such units are fundamental to formal socio-economic zoning and management in territorial planning. However, numerous methodologies—based on widely varying criteria—exist to delineate and map landscapes. We have selected five consolidated methodologies with current applications for mapping the landscape to analyse the different role of physical geography in each: (1) geomorphological landscape maps based on landforms; (2) geosystemic landscape maps; (3) Landscape Character Assessment; (4) landscape studies based on visual landscape units; (5) landscape image-pair test. We maintain that none of these methodologies are universally applicable, but that each contributes important insights into landscape analysis for land management within particular biogeophysical and social contexts. This work is intended to demonstrate that physical geography is ubiquitous in contemporary landscape studies intended to facilitate sustainable territorial planning, but that the role it plays varies substantially with the criteria prioritized.
Spatial Estimation and Visualization of CO2 Emissions for Campus Sustainability: The Case of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia
Authors: Adenle Yusuf , Alshuwaikhat Habib
Published: November 2017

A total of 21 metric tons of CO2 per person in terms of per capita emissions from consumption of energy was recorded in Saudi Arabia in 2011 and forecasts have shown that this emission of CO2 is increasing. This poses the threat of climate change and global warming and therefore the need for the sustainability of the country. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Vision for 2030 addresses environmental sustainability that includes a reduction in CO2 emissions as well as diversified economic growth. Universities have been regarded as institutions with significant responsibilities to resolve the issues of sustainability as well as serve as role model to society by implementing a sustainability plan. This study established a spatial evaluation, estimation, and visualization of the CO2 emissions of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia. The data required for this study were collected from the overall coverage of the university campus buildings by transforming raster data from the satellite image to vector data in the form of polygons, and then multiplying the area by the number of floors of the individual building. ArcGIS 10.3® (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) software was used for this campus CO2 emissions evaluation and visualization. The overall estimate of the CO2 emissions for the university campus was 127.7-tons CO2 equivalent. The lowest emission was 0.02-tons CO2 equivalent while the maximum value was 20.9-tons of CO2 equivalent. By this ArcGIS-based evaluation, it is evident that geographically integrated model for campus estimation and visualization of CO2 emissions provides the information for decision makers to develop viable strategies for achieving a higher standard in overall campus sustainability and addressing the issue of climate change.
Comparative Study of Biological Activities of Venom from Colubrid Snakes Rhabdophis tigrinus (Yamakagashi) and Rhabdophis lateralis
Authors: Komori Yumiko , Hifumi Toru , Yamamoto Akihiko , Sakai Atsushi , Ato Manabu , Sawabe Kyoko , Nikai Toshiaki
Published: November 2017

Rhabdophis lateralis, a colubrid snake distributed throughout the continent of Asia, has recently undergone taxonomic revisions. Previously, Rhabdophis lateralis was classified as a subspecies of R. tigrinus (Yamakagashi) until 2012, when several genetic differences were discovered which classified this snake as its own species. To elucidate the toxicity of venom from this poorly studied colubrid, various biological activities were compared between the venom from the two snake species. The components of their venom were compared by the elution profiles of reversed-phase HPLC and SDS-PAGE, and gel filtrated fractions were tested for effects on blood coagulation. Proteolytic activities of these fractions were also assayed by using synthetic substrates, fibrinogen, and matrix proteins. Similar to the R. tigrinus venom, the higher molecular weight fraction of R. lateralis venom contained a prothrombin activator. Both prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of human plasma were shortened by the addition of R. lateralis and R. tigrinus venom. The thrombin formation was estimated by the uses of SDS-PAGE and chromogenic substrates. These venom fractions also possessed very specific proteinase activity on human fibrinogen, but the substrates for matrix metalloproteinase, such as collagen and laminin, were not hydrolyzed. However, there were some notable differences in reactivity to synthetic substrates for matrix metalloproteinase, and R. tigrinus venom possessed relatively higher activity. Our chemical investigation indicates that the components included in both venoms resemble each other closely. However, the ratio of components and proteolytic activity of some ingredients are slightly different, indicating differences between two closely-related snakes.
Impact of a Single Oral Acute Dose of Aflatoxin B1 on Liver Function/Cytokines and the Lymphoproliferative Response in C57Bl/6 Mice
Authors: Ishikawa Angélica , Hirooka Elisa , Alvares e Silva Paula , Bracarense Ana , Flaiban Karina , Akagi Claudia , Kawamura Osamu , Costa Marcio , Itano Eiko
Published: November 2017

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin found in food and feed, exerts harmful effects on humans and animals. The liver is the earliest target of AFB1, and its effects have been evaluated in animal models exposed to acute or chronic doses. Considering the possibility of sporadic ingestion of AFB1-contaminated food, this study investigated the impact of a single oral dose of AFB1 on liver function/cytokines and the lymphoproliferative response in mice. C57BL/6 mice were treated with a single oral AFB1 dose (44, 442 or 663 μg AFB1/kg of body weight) on the first day. Liver function (ALT, γ-GT, and total protein), cytokines (IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-17), histopathology, and the spleen lymphoproliferative response to mitogens were evaluated on the 5th day. Although AFB1 did not produce any significant changes in the biochemical parameters, 663 μg AFB1/kg-induced hepatic upregulation of IL-4 and IFN-γ, along with liver tissue injury and suppression of the lymphoproliferative response to ConA (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a single oral dose of AFB1 exposure can induce liver tissue lesions, liver cytokine modulation, and immune suppression in C57BL/6 mice.
RNA Virus Evolution via a Quasispecies-Based Model Reveals a Drug Target with a High Barrier to Resistance
Authors: Bingham Richard , Dykeman Eric , Twarock Reidun
Published: November 2017

The rapid occurrence of therapy-resistant mutant strains provides a challenge for anti-viral therapy. An ideal drug target would be a highly conserved molecular feature in the viral life cycle, such as the packaging signals in the genomes of RNA viruses that encode an instruction manual for their efficient assembly. The ubiquity of this assembly code in RNA viruses, including major human pathogens, suggests that it confers selective advantages. However, their impact on viral evolution cannot be assessed in current models of viral infection that lack molecular details of virus assembly. We introduce here a quasispecies-based model of a viral infection that incorporates structural and mechanistic knowledge of packaging signal function in assembly to construct a phenotype-fitness map, capturing the impact of this RNA code on assembly yield and efficiency. Details of viral replication and assembly inside an infected host cell are coupled with a population model of a viral infection, allowing the occurrence of therapy resistance to be assessed in response to drugs inhibiting packaging signal recognition. Stochastic simulations of viral quasispecies evolution in chronic HCV infection under drug action and/or immune clearance reveal that drugs targeting all RNA signals in the assembly code collectively have a high barrier to drug resistance, even though each packaging signal in isolation has a lower barrier than conventional drugs. This suggests that drugs targeting the RNA signals in the assembly code could be promising routes for exploitation in anti-viral drug design.
Development, characterization, and cross‐amplification of 16 microsatellite primers for Atriplex tatarica (Amaranthaceae)1
Authors: Kondrysová Eva , Krak Karol , Mandák Bohumil
Published: November 2017

Premise of the study:

Microsatellite primers were developed to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of the annual herb Atriplex tatarica (Amaranthaceae) and to facilitate ecological and evolutionary studies of A. tatarica and its relatives.

Methods and Results:

Sixteen novel microsatellite primers were developed for A. tatarica based on high‐throughput sequencing of enriched libraries. All markers were polymorphic, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from three to 25 and observed and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.08 to 0.74 and 0.10 to 0.87, respectively. In addition, some of these loci were successfully amplified and showed polymorphisms in four Atriplex and seven Chenopodium species.

Conclusions:

The microsatellite markers published here will be useful in assessing genetic diversity, structure, and gene flow within and across populations of A. tatarica, as well as in other species of Atriplex and the related genus Chenopodium.
Mid-infrared Flare of TDE Candidate PS16dtm: Dust Echo and Implications for the Spectral Evolution
Authors: Jiang Ning , Wang Tinggui , Yan Lin , Xiao Ting , Yang Chenwei , Dou Liming , Wang Huiyuan , Cutri Roc , Mainzer Amy
Published: November 2017

PS16dtm was classified as a candidate tidal disruption event in a dwarf Seyfert 1 galaxy with a low-mass black hole (

) and has presented various intriguing photometric and spectra characteristics. Using the archival Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and the newly released NEOWISE data, we found that PS16dtm is experiencing a mid-infrared (MIR) flare that started ∼11 days before the first optical detection. Interpreting the MIR flare as a dust echo requires close pre-existing dust with a high covering factor and suggests that the optical flare may have brightened slowly for some time before it became bright detectable from the ground. More evidence is given at the later epochs. At the peak of the optical light curve, the new inner radius of the dust torus has grown to a much larger size (i.e., a factor of seven of the initial radius) due to the strong radiation field. At ∼150 days after the first optical detection, the dust temperature has dropped well below the sublimation temperature. Other peculiar spectral features shown by PS16dtm are the transient, prominent Fe ii emission lines and outflows indicated by broad absorption lines detected during the optical flare. Our model explains the enhanced Fe ii emission from iron that is newly released from the evaporated dust. The observed broad absorption line outflow could be explained by accelerated gas in the dust torus due to the radiation pressure.
Magnetic Modeling of Inflated Low-mass Stars Using Interior Fields No Larger than ∼10 kG
Authors: MacDonald James , Mullan D. J.
Published: November 2017

We have previously reported on models of low-mass stars in which the presence of inflated radii is ascribed to magnetic fields that impede the onset of convection. Some of our magneto-convection models have been criticized because, when they were first reported by Mullan & MacDonald, the deep interior fields were found to be very large (50–100 MG). Such large fields are now known to be untenable. For example, Browning et al. used stability arguments to suggest that interior fields in low-mass stars cannot be larger than ∼1 MG. Moreover, 3D models of turbulent stellar dynamos suggest that fields generated in low-mass interiors may be not much stronger than 10–20 kG. In the present paper, we present magneto-convective models of inflated low-mass stars in which the interior fields are not permitted to be stronger than 10 kG. These models are used to fit empirical data for 15 low-mass stars for which precise masses and radii have been measured. We show that our 10 kG magneto-convective models can replicate the empirical radii and effective temperatures for 14 of the stars. In the case of the remaining star (in the Praesepe cluster), two different solutions have been reported in the literature. We find that one of these solutions can be fitted well with our model using the nominal age of Praesepe (800 Myr). However, the second solution cannot be fitted unless the star’s age is assumed to be much younger (∼150 Myr).
Magnetic Reconnection as a Driver for a Sub-ion-scale Cascade in Plasma Turbulence
Authors: Franci Luca , Cerri Silvio Sergio , Califano Francesco , Landi Simone , Papini Emanuele , Verdini Andrea , Matteini Lorenzo , Jenko Frank , Hellinger Petr
Published: November 2017

A new path for the generation of a sub-ion-scale cascade in collisionless space and astrophysical plasma turbulence, triggered by magnetic reconnection, is uncovered by means of high-resolution two-dimensional hybrid-kinetic simulations employing two complementary approaches, Lagrangian and Eulerian, and different driving mechanisms. The simulation results provide clear numerical evidence that the development of power-law energy spectra below the so-called ion break occurs as soon as the first magnetic reconnection events take place, regardless of the actual state of the turbulent cascade at MHD scales. In both simulations, the reconnection-mediated small-scale energy spectrum of parallel magnetic fluctuations exhibits a very stable spectral slope of

, whether or not a large-scale turbulent cascade has already fully developed. Once a quasi-stationary turbulent state is achieved, the spectrum of the total magnetic fluctuations settles toward a spectral index of

in the MHD range and of

at sub-ion scales.
Signatures of Nitrogen Chemistry in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres
Authors: MacDonald Ryan J. , Madhusudhan Nikku
Published: November 2017

Inferences of molecular compositions of exoplanetary atmospheres have generally focused on carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen-bearing molecules. Recently, additional absorption in Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) transmission spectra around 1.55 μm has been attributed to nitrogen-bearing chemical species: NH3 or HCN. These species, if present in significant abundance, would be strong indicators of disequilibrium chemical processes—e.g., vertical mixing and photochemistry. The derived N abundance, in turn, could also place important constraints on planetary formation mechanisms. Here, we examine the detectability of nitrogen chemistry in exoplanetary atmospheres. In addition to the WFC3 bandpass (1.1–1.7 μm), we find that observations in the K-band at ∼2.2 μm, achievable with present ground-based telescopes, sample a strong NH3 feature, while observations at ∼3.1 μm and ∼4.0 μm sample strong HCN features. In anticipation of such observations, we predict absorption feature amplitudes due to nitrogen chemistry in the 1–5 μm spectral range possible for a typical hot Jupiter. Finally, we conduct atmospheric retrievals of nine hot Jupiter transmission spectra in search of near-infrared absorption features suggestive of nitrogen chemistry. We report weak detections of NH3 in WASP-31b (2.2σ), HCN in WASP-63b (2.3σ), and excess absorption that could be attributed to NH3 in HD 209458b. High-precision observations from 1 to 5 μm (e.g., with the James Webb Space Telescope) will enable definitive detections of nitrogen chemistry, in turn serving as powerful diagnostics of disequilibrium atmospheric chemistry and planetary formation processes.
Phrase averbale, phrase nominale ? La constellation sémitique
Authors: Ehlich Konrad
Published: November 2017

Résumé La discussion sur les phrases sans prédicats verbaux met l’accent sur un phénomène syntaxique peu étudié dans la grammaire traditionnelle. Dans le cadre de l’étude des « phrases nominales », l’absence d’une forme verbale conjuguée représente le plus souvent le critère central pour l’analyse de ce type de syntagmes. La présente analyse confronte les catégories traditionnelles à des structures inhabituelles dont le traitement n’est pas simple. Dans le cas de la syntaxe des langues sémitiques, avec les particularités de ses types de phrase nominale, le défi se fait encore plus évident. L’article présente une phénoménologie de la phrase nominale sémitique à l’exemple de l’hébreu et discute les conséquences pour la structuration générale du système syntaxique. L’argumentation s’appuie également sur une référence à la conception de la phrase nominale de Benveniste.
Sobre el concepto de privacidad: la relación entre privacidad e intimidad
Authors: Toscano Manuel
Published: November 2017

El derecho a la privacidad está en el centro de muchos de los debates públicos actuales. Sin embargo, a pesar de la extensa literatura filosófica y jurídica sobre el tema, no contamos con una explicación adecuada del sentido y del valor de la privacidad. Esta falta de acuerdo sobre cuestiones conceptuales y normativas ha llevado a algún autor a hablar del ‘caos de la privacidad’. Este artículo se centra en la exploración conceptual de la privacidad. Para ello, en primer lugar, consideraré cómo el derecho a la privacidad fue formulado por primera vez en el célebre artículo de Warren y Brandeis. Segundo, en la medida en que el derecho a la privacidad es sistemáticamente traducido en español como ‘derecho a la intimidad’, resulta crucial analizar con cuidado la confusa relación entre intimidad y privacidad. Con este fin, en las dos últimas secciones del trabajo discutiré algunas explicaciones de cómo trazar la distinción entre ambas nociones y cómo entender su intrincada relación.
Las penúltimas razones de la moralidad en Tugendhat
Authors: Bonet-Sánchez José V.
Published: November 2017

El trabajo explora críticamente la idea de una justificación débil o pen última de la moral enmarcándola en el conjunto de la filosofía de Tugendhat, reordenan do sus escritos éticos y discriminando los diversos aspectos que incluye dicha idea. Entre ellos, revisa el concepto formal de moral, ligado a los sentimientos, antes de centrarse en el punto crucial: la fundamentación de la ética moderna. Aquí se distingue, por un lado, la justificación comparativa de un contractualismo igualitario frente a otras alternativas teóricas y, por otro, los motivos que pueden llevar (more heideggeriano, en realidad) a un individuo autónomo a entenderse en términos morales.
NFAT5-Regulated Macrophage Polarization Supports the Proinflammatory Function of Macrophages and T Lymphocytes
Authors: Tellechea Mónica , Buxadé Maria , Tejedor Sonia , Aramburu Jose , López-Rodríguez Cristina
Published: November 2017

Macrophages are exquisite sensors of tissue homeostasis that can rapidly switch between pro- and anti-inflammatory or regulatory modes to respond to perturbations in their microenvironment. This functional plasticity involves a precise orchestration of gene expression patterns whose transcriptional regulators have not been fully characterized. We had previously identified the transcription factor NFAT5 as an activator of TLR-induced responses, and in this study we explore its contribution to macrophage functions in different polarization settings. We found that both in classically and alternatively polarized macrophages, NFAT5 enhanced functions associated with a proinflammatory profile such as bactericidal capacity and the ability to promote Th1 polarization over Th2 responses. In this regard, NFAT5 upregulated the Th1-stimulatory cytokine IL-12 in classically activated macrophages, whereas in alternatively polarized ones it enhanced the expression of the pro-Th1 mediators Fizz-1 and arginase 1, indicating that it could promote proinflammatory readiness by regulating independent genes in differently polarized macrophages. Finally, adoptive transfer assays in vivo revealed a reduced antitumor capacity in NFAT5-deficient macrophages against syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma and ID8 ovarian carcinoma cells, a defect that in the ID8 model was associated with a reduced accumulation of effector CD8 T cells at the tumor site. Altogether, detailed analysis of the effect of NFAT5 in pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages uncovered its ability to regulate distinct genes under both polarization modes and revealed its predominant role in promoting proinflammatory macrophage functions.
The Loss of TET2 Promotes CD8+ T Cell Memory Differentiation
Authors: Carty Shannon A. , Gohil Mercy , Banks Lauren B. , Cotton Renee M. , Johnson Matthew E. , Stelekati Erietta , Wells Andrew D. , Wherry E. John , Koretzky Gary A. , Jordan Martha S.
Published: November 2017

T cell differentiation requires appropriate regulation of DNA methylation. In this article, we demonstrate that the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation (TET)2 regulates CD8+ T cell differentiation. In a murine model of acute viral infection, TET2 loss promotes early acquisition of a memory CD8+ T cell fate in a cell-intrinsic manner without disrupting Ag-driven cell expansion or effector function. Upon secondary recall, TET2-deficient memory CD8+ T cells demonstrate superior pathogen control. Genome-wide methylation analysis identified a number of differentially methylated regions in TET2-deficient versus wild-type CD8+ T cells. These differentially methylated regions did not occur at the loci of differentially expressed memory markers; rather, several hypermethylated regions were identified in known transcriptional regulators of CD8+ T cell memory fate. Together, these data demonstrate that TET2 is an important regulator of CD8+ T cell fate decisions.
The Role of MHC-E in T Cell Immunity Is Conserved among Humans, Rhesus Macaques, and Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: Wu Helen L. , Wiseman Roger W. , Hughes Colette M. , Webb Gabriela M. , Abdulhaqq Shaheed A. , Bimber Benjamin N. , Hammond Katherine B. , Reed Jason S. , Gao Lina , Burwitz Benjamin J. , Greene Justin M. , Ferrer Fidel , Legasse Alfred W. , Axthelm Michael K. , Park Byung S. , Brackenridge Simon , Maness Nicholas J. , McMichael Andrew J. , Picker Louis J. , O’Connor David H. , Hansen Scott G. , Sacha Jonah B.
Published: November 2017

MHC-E is a highly conserved nonclassical MHC class Ib molecule that predominantly binds and presents MHC class Ia leader sequence-derived peptides for NK cell regulation. However, MHC-E also binds pathogen-derived peptide Ags for presentation to CD8+ T cells. Given this role in adaptive immunity and its highly monomorphic nature in the human population, HLA-E is an attractive target for novel vaccine and immunotherapeutic modalities. Development of HLA-E–targeted therapies will require a physiologically relevant animal model that recapitulates HLA-E–restricted T cell biology. In this study, we investigated MHC-E immunobiology in two common nonhuman primate species, Indian-origin rhesus macaques (RM) and Mauritian-origin cynomolgus macaques (MCM). Compared to humans and MCM, RM expressed a greater number of MHC-E alleles at both the population and individual level. Despite this difference, human, RM, and MCM MHC-E molecules were expressed at similar levels across immune cell subsets, equivalently upregulated by viral pathogens, and bound and presented identical peptides to CD8+ T cells. Indeed, SIV-specific, Mamu-E–restricted CD8+ T cells from RM recognized antigenic peptides presented by all MHC-E molecules tested, including cross-species recognition of human and MCM SIV-infected CD4+ T cells. Thus, MHC-E is functionally conserved among humans, RM, and MCM, and both RM and MCM represent physiologically relevant animal models of HLA-E–restricted T cell immunobiology.
Amplifying IFN-γ Signaling in Dendritic Cells by CD11c-Specific Loss of SOCS1 Increases Innate Immunity to Infection while Decreasing Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Alice Alejandro F. , Kramer Gwen , Bambina Shelly , Baird Jason R. , Bahjat Keith S. , Gough Michael J. , Crittenden Marka R.
Published: November 2017

Although prophylactic vaccines provide protective humoral immunity against infectious agents, vaccines that elicit potent CD8 T cell responses are valuable tools to shape and drive cellular immunity against cancer and intracellular infection. In particular, IFN-γ–polarized cytotoxic CD8 T cell immunity is considered optimal for protective immunity against intracellular Ags. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 is a cross-functional negative regulator of TLR and cytokine receptor signaling via degradation of the receptor–signaling complex. We hypothesized that loss of SOCS1 in dendritic cells (DCs) would improve T cell responses by accentuating IFN-γ–directed immune responses. We tested this hypothesis using a recombinant Listeria monocytogenes vaccine platform that targets CD11c+ DCs in mice in which SOCS1 is selectively deleted in all CD11c+ cells. Unexpectedly, in mice lacking SOCS1 expression in CD11c+ cells, we observed a decrease in CD8+ T cell response to the L. monocytogenes vaccine. NK cell responses were also decreased in mice lacking SOCS1 expression in CD11c+ cells but did not explain the defect in CD8+ T cell immunity. We found that DCs lacking SOCS1 expression were functional in driving Ag-specific CD8+ T cell expansion in vitro but that this process was defective following infection in vivo. Instead, monocyte-derived innate TNF-α and inducible NO synthase–producing DCs dominated the antibacterial response. Thus, loss of SOCS1 in CD11c+ cells skewed the balance of immune response to infection by increasing innate responses while decreasing Ag-specific adaptive responses to infectious Ags.
Managing employee well-being: A qualitative study exploring job and personal resources of at-risk employees
Authors: Gauche Cecile , De Beer Leon T. , Brink Lizelle
Published: November 2017

Orientation: Job and personal resources influence the well-being of employees. Currently, limited information exists in literature surrounding the experience of these resources in employees identified as at-risk of burnout.Research purpose: To investigate the experience of job and personal resources from the perspectives of employees identified as at-risk of burnout.Motivation for the study: Empirical evidence on the integrative role and influence of job and personal resources on the well-being of employees in the South African context is currently limited. Attaining a better understanding of the manner in which at-risk employees experience resources can empower organisations to actively work towards creating an environment that allows for optimal employee well-being.Research design, approach and method: A phenomenological approach was taken to conduct the study in a South African-based financial services organisation. A combination of purposive and convenience sampling was used, and 26 employees agreed to participate. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and data analysis was performed through the use of thematic analysis.Main findings: Employees identified as at-risk of burnout acknowledged both job and personal resources as factors influencing their well-being. Participants in this study elaborated on received job resources as well as lacking job resources. Information was also shared by participants on personal resources through describing used personal resources as well as lacking personal resources.Practical/managerial implications: Knowledge gained from the study will contribute to empower organisations to better understand the impact of resources on the well-being of employees, and allow organisations to adapt workplace resources to ensure adequate and appropriate resources to facilitate optimal employee well-being.Contribution: This study contributes to the limited research available in the South African context regarding the experience of job and personal resources from the perspective of at-risk employees. The study may also enable organisations to create a workplace that is more supportive and empowering with appropriate resources to deliver on expected demands.
Estimates for certain integrals of products of six Bessel functions
Authors: Oliveira e Silva Diogo , Thiele Christoph
Published: November 2017

We establish good numerical estimates for a certain class of integrals involving sixfold products of Bessel functions. We use relatively elementary methods. The estimates will be used in the study of a sharp Fourier restriction inequality on the circle in a companion paper.
A sharp trilinear inequality related to Fourier restriction on the circle
Authors: Carneiro Emanuel , Foschi Damiano , Oliveira e Silva Diogo , Thiele Christoph
Published: November 2017

In this paper we prove a sharp trilinear inequality which is motivated by a program to obtain the sharp form of the

L^2-L^6

Tomas–Stein adjoint restriction inequality on the circle. Our method uses intricate estimates for integrals of sixfold products of Bessel functions developed in a companion paper. We also establish that constants are local extremizers of the Tomas–Stein adjoint restriction inequality as well as of another inequality appearing in the program.
Épidémiologie de la tularémie dans le monde. Essai de synthèse bibliographique
Authors: Dufrêne Mireille , Vaissaire Josée
Published: November 2017

La tularémie atteint de nombreuses espèces qui y sont plus ou moins sensibles, dont l’homme. Elle n’a été décrite que dans l’hémisphère Nord. Les animaux les plus sensibles sont les lièvres et les lapins : ils servent ainsi de vecteurs de la maladie. Les espèces moins sensibles comme les rongeurs dont la niche écologique comprend l’eau, tels certaines espèces de campagnols, les castors et les rats musqués constituent des vecteurs et des réservoirs permettant le maintien des foyers d’endémie. Les tiques jouent également à la fois le rôle de vecteur et de réservoir.
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis-Specific Antibodies before and after Mass Drug Administration for Trachoma in Community-Wide Surveys of Four Communities in Nepal
Authors: Gwyn Sarah E. , Xiang Lingwei , Kandel Ram Prasad , Dean Deborah , Gambhir Manoj , Martin Diana L.
Published: November 2017

The target end date for the global elimination of trachoma as a public health problem is 2020. As countries begin the process for submitting their dossier for the validation of elimination of trachoma as a public health problem, strategies for post-validation surveillance must be considered. Seroprevalence of antibodies against antigens from the causative bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) in young children has been shown to reflect trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) rates in both endemic and previously endemic settings. However, none of these studies has directly compared age seroprevalence in the same communities before and after mass drug administration (MDA) for trachoma. Here we report a marked shift in age seroprevalence curves in four villages in Kapilvastu District, Nepal, before and after MDA. Clinical examinations were performed and blood was taken before (N = 659) and 5 years after (N = 646) MDA. Rates of TF decreased from 17.6% in ≤ 9-year-olds before MDA (N = 52) to 0% in ≤ 9-year-olds (N = 73) after MDA. Positive antibody responses to Ct in the entire population decreased from 82.1% pre-MDA to 35.8% post-MDA, whereas those among ≤ 9-year-olds decreased from 59.6% to 4.1%. These data show that the postintervention decrease in TF was reflected in a drop in anti-Ct antibody responses, suggesting that antibody responses could be useful indicators for post-validation surveillance.
Inovação Curricular: uma análise do Projeto Pedagógico do Curso Magistério Indígena Tremembé Superior
Authors: Moura Dunga Camilo , Campani Adriana
Published: November 2017

As escolas diferenciadas indígena Tremembé referidas nesse estudo localizam-se no aldeamento de Almofala, município do estado do Ceará-Brasil. Ao todo, são 09 (nove) escolas diferenciadas distribuídas em 18 comunidades indígenas. O movimento das escolas diferenciadas indígenas Tremembé surge no seio das lutas pela terra, pela educação e pela identidade de ser índio Tremembé. O protagonismo de uma educação diferenciada para as comunidades indígenas reivindica um projeto de formação de professores que consolide essa luta identitária. Nesse contexto que o curso Magistério Indígena Tremembé Superior (MITS) é construído e desenvolvido. O MITS foi um curso de licenciatura intercultural promovido no período de 2008 a 2013 pela Universidade Federal do Ceará/Brasil e reconhecido pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC). O curso teve a duração oficial de 4 (quatro) anos e habilitou 36 (trinta e seis) professores da comunidade indígena Tremembé ao exercício do magistério indígena – docência e gestão – nas escolas indígenas diferenciadas de ensino fundamental e médio Tremembé. Esta pesquisa busca identificar e analisar as potencialidades inovadoras do currículo do curso a partir dos propósitos do projeto político-pedagógico, por meio da pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Na pesquisa documental identificamos elementos que caracterizam os princípios e formalização do currículo, assim como, o processo histórico de construção e regulamentação do curso junto a Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Concluímos que o curso é resultado de uma construção curricular democrática e participativa que permitiu reconhecer outras formas de saberes, rompendo com a lógica da racionalidade técnica instrumental tradicionalmente imposta pela formação em nível superior. Os cursistas afirmam que o curso possibilitou um aprendizado coletivo e se tornou uma forte ferramenta para fortalecer a luta do povo Tremembé. Sendo assim, a importância não foi somente para o cursista do MITS, mas também para toda a comunidade do aldeamento, que participou ativamente da sua construção.