bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Techniques to Guide the Mandible to Centric Relation- A Systematic Review
Authors: Ramaswamy Sushma , Kore Abhijeet Ramachandra , Sanyal Pronob Kumar , Joshi Anand , Hathiwala Siddhi , Tayade Prasad Nayan
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Centric Relation (CR) is the only physiological position which is repeatable, recordable and reproducible for prosthodontic rehabilitation. A missed CR can give rise to faulty occlusal relationships leading to a life time of trauma to the temporomandibular joints. Literature has various methods outlined to locate and record the CR but it’s confusing as to which method is best suited to take the condyles into CR position. Hence, this systematic review was conducted to find an answer to this very question. Aim: To find a reliable clinical technique to guide the mandible to a recordable, repeatable and reproducible CR position. Materials and Methods: The present systematic review was conducted from July 2019 to October 2019 at School of Dental Sciences, KIMSDU, Maharashtra. A 20-year comprehensive literature review was undertaken aiming to arrive at a reliable and repeatable method to guide the mandible to CR following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) and Patient Intervention Comparison Outcome (PICO) guidelines to the highest possible extent. The research material was sifted through MEDLINE (PubMed)- {(“CR technique”) (MeSH terms) AND/OR (Retruded mandibular position”) (MeSH terms)}, Cochrane library “CR techniques” and Google Scholar “CR techniques OR Retruded mandibular position” search engines. Cochrane collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias for the Randomised Controlled Trial, Methodological I index for non RCTs (MINOR). Quality and strength of the existing evidence was appraised by both the authors through Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results: Online database search was conducted from January 1998 to September 2019 resulting in a total of 950 articles being shortlisted. Post-screenings, using the exclusion criteria, nine articles of the total articles were reviewed. These were reviewed individually by both the authors and discussed for various techniques to guide the mandible to CR. The ultimate outcome of the review was that the clinicians are required to fall back on time tested models, scientifically sound and technically correct and uncomplicated to execute methods which have proven to yield the most excellent outcomes at zero or minimal cost. One such method is undoubtedly Dawson’s Bimanual Technique. Bimanual technique in supine position coupled with a simple anterior deprogrammer has consistently resulted in a physiological CR position that is recordable, repeatable and reproducible. Conclusion: The primary outcome of this systematic review is that Dawson’s bimanual manipulation technique is superior to other techniques; primarily when carried out in supine position.
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb Essential Oil
Authors: Abdellah Fatiha , Boubakeur Badra , Ayad Noura , Boukraa Laid , Hammoudi Si Mohamed , Abdelhak Boumedienne , Benaraba Rachida
Published: November 2021

Aims: In this study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata were investigated.

Study design: The study contains determination of the chemical composition of the essential oil of E. caryophyllata and the in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of this oil.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the laboratory of research on local animal products of Ibn-Khaldoun University, Tiaret, Algeria during the period from December 2020 to March 2021.

Methodology: The essential oil composition was characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometrical analyses. The antibacterial activity of this oil was tested against four pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33862, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 by using disc diffusion method and agar incorporation method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the tested oil. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.

Results: Our results have shown a greater antibacterial effect of E. caryophyllata essential oil against all the bacterial tested strains with inhibition zone diameters varied from 17.5 to 20.5 mm and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) ranged between 0.8 μl / ml and 4.4 μl / ml, B. cereus and S. aureus are the most sensitive species with a MIC value of 0.8 μl / ml, however P. aeruginosa is the most resistant species with a MIC value of 4.4 μl / ml. The result of the antioxidant effect showed that the essential oil of E. caryophyllata is a powerful antioxidant that expresses a higher antioxidant activity than the standard antioxidants: gallic acid, vitamin C and BHT.

Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that the essential oil of E. caryophyllata has a strong antibacterial and antioxidant effect and it may be an alternative natural source medicine to prevent and treat many diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and oxidative stress.
Consumers’ Sustainable Choice between Gas and Electric Scooter
Authors: Balanquit Daisy Lily M. , G. Asinas Reann , De Veyra Alyssa R.
Published: November 2021

Aims: To investigate consumers’ sustainable choice behavior between gas and electric scooters, as predicted by consumers’ felt responsibility for sustainability anchored on norm activation theory.

Study Design:  Quantitative research approach using cross-sectional online survey design.

Place and Duration of Study: The data came from faculty employees of a state university in the Philippines between August to September 2020.

Methodology: 109 responses from faculty employees were analyzed. Hypotheses were tested for regression using Jamovi.

Conclusion: This study added empirical evidence on the applicability of consumers’ felt responsibility for sustainability as a predictor of sustainable choice behavior and answered the call for more studies that would promote a better understanding of the concept of sustainable consumption. The findings provided important implications on how marketers and managers can promote pro-environmental products such as electric scooters and boost sustainable consumption among buyers in an identified community.
Evaporation of Heavy Crude Oil in Soil
Authors: Etefia Etini , Odokuma L. O.
Published: November 2021

Heavy crude oil spillage on soil threatens productivity and affects the natural biota of the ecosystem. Evaporation is an important parameter increases crude oil density, viscosity and fraction of lower molecular weight substances which reduce its infiltration into the soil and groundwater. The evaporation of heavy crude oil showed API of 21.5, viscosity of 15mm2/s, density 0.8952 g/cm3, pour point of 11.37. The crude oil was exposed to solar radiation for 35 days. The percentage reduction in mass of the crude oil and temperature on five day interval showed 8.22(38OC) on day 0, on day 5 was 8.13(34oC), on day 10 was 5.92(39oC), on day 15 was 5.38(39oC), on day 20 was 3.16(37oC), on day 25 was 2.94(31oC), on day 20 was 2.56 (41oC) and on day 35 was 1.79(38oC). The lighter molecules evaporated first leaving the heavier molecules behind causing a reduction in the rate of evaporation with time. This analysis will be provide insight to modelling oil spill in terrestrial ecosystem.
Analysis of Temporal Variations of Air Pollutant Concentrations in Ogoni Area, Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
Authors: Yorkor B. , Leton T. G. , Ugbebor J. N.
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the temporal variations of air pollutant concentrations in Ogoni area, Niger Delta, Nigeria. The study used hourly data measured over 8 hours for 12 months at selected locations within the area. The analyses were based on time series and time variations techniques in Openair packages of R programming software. The variations of air pollutant concentrations by time of day and days of week were simulated. Hours of the day, days of the week and monthly variations were graphically simulated. Variations in the mean concentrations of air pollutants by time were determined at 95 % confidence intervals. Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ground level Ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations exceeded permissible standards. Air pollutant concentrations showed increase in January, February, November and December compared to other months. Simulation showed that air pollutants varied significantly by hours-of-the-day and days-of-the-week and months-of-the-year. Analysis of temporal variability revealed that air pollutant concentrations increased during weekdays and decreased during weekends. The temporal variability of air pollutants in Ogoni area showed that anthropogenic activities were the main sources of air pollution in the area, therefore further studies are required to determine air pollutant dispersion pattern and evaluation the potential sources of air pollution in the area.
Assessment of Right Ventricular Function and Structure in Children with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ahmed El-Fiky Drahem Mansour , El-Nemr Shimaa Basyony , El-Rasoul Tolba Osama Abd Rab , El-Shahaby Waleed Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to dilating the ventricles and dysfunction of their systolic functions (predominantly the left ventricle) with or without congestive heart failure. In children, it is the most common form of heart muscle disease. We aimed to evaluate the right ventricular functions and structure using speckling tracking echocardiography in children with dilated cardiomyopathy and correlate this parameter with other echocardiographic findings.

Methods: This observational Case-Control Study was carried out on 75 subjects. They were subdivided into two groups: Group 1: 50 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy Group 2: 25 healthy children matched for age and sex. Patients were evaluated by M-mode echocardiography, Transthoracic 2DE Examination (TTE), Tissue Doppler Examination (TDE) and Speckling Tracking Technique.

Results: Left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) systolic dysfunction was evidenced by a significant decrease of mitral and tricuspid annular systolic velocities and a significant decrease of LV and RV global systolic strain and a significant decrease of LV and RV Ejection fraction (EF). LV and RV diastolic dysfunction were evidenced by a significant decrease of mitral and tricuspid annular diastolic velocities (E’/A’) and a significant increase of LV and RV Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI). LV and RV global strains were significantly reduced in comparison to controls, suggesting that the dilated cardiomyopathy is a diffuse disease.

Conclusion: In DCM patients, RV had significant systolic and diastolic dysfunction mainly elicited by the Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) beside LV affection secondary to the interventricular interaction. TDI and 2D-STE add value to interpreting the findings and the dependency of RV systolic and diastolic functions on each other in DCM patients.
Review on Evaluation of Physalis peruviana L.’s Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Biochemical Activities
Authors: Gulesci Nuri , Yücebilgic Guzide , Bilgin Ramazan
Published: November 2021

In this review, it was emphasized that natural and organic foods have a rich structure in terms of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and vitamin content. Physalis peruviana L., products contain minerals, amino acids, withanolides, flavonoids, and essential fatty acids, thus representing good sources of these compounds. These compounds have protective, regulatory, and nutritional roles in metabolism. Physalis peruviana L. is a wild fruit that has been widely used for centuries, mainly in folk medicine. The fruit and juice of Physalis peruviana L., contain high amounts of vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K1, and many other mineral substances. In addition, the ingredients in Physalis peruviana L., have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic effects. The available evidence has demonstrated the nutritional value of different products of Physalis peruviana L., suggesting them to be potential candidates for use in the cosmetic industry, in the preparation of functional foods, and phytomedicine for the prevention.
Study of the Characteristics of Farmers on Practicing Coping Strategies towards Household Food Security during Flood Period
Authors: Haque M. E. , Islam M. N. , Uddin M. Y. , Alam M. J. , Rahman M. A. , Majid M. A. , Haque M. M. , Islam M. R. , Turin M. Z. , Tasnim J.
Published: November 2021

A study was carried out at flood affected reverine villages of three upazilas under Jamalpur district in Bangladesh during September, 2011 to May, 2012 to explore the relationship, contribution and direct–indirect effect between personal attributes and their coping strategies towards household food security practiced by the farmers during flood. Data were collected from randomly selected respondents through both the qualitative and quantitative techniques and analyzed with the help of SSPS. Out of 18 personal, economic, social and psychological characteristics of the farmers, the personal education, housing condition, annual income, annual expenditure, savings, organizational participation, participation in IGAs, cosmopoliteness, environmental awareness, knowledge on flood coping mechanisms and household food security had positive and credit received and utilization of received credit had negative while age, family size, training received, risk orientation and involvement in safety net programmes had no significant relation with coping strategies towards household food security during flood period.
Evaluation of the Vitamins and Possible Nutrient Composition of Local and Improved Specie of Guava Flesh (Psidium guajava)
Authors: Oguazu C. E. , Adimora K. H. , Anajekwu B. A. , Dike C. C. , Ikimi C. G.
Published: November 2021

Background and Objectives: Guava (Psidium guajava) belongs to the family Myrtaceae. It has been cultivated in Nigeria one of the most common fruits in Nigeria. It has become popular because of its availability almost throughout the year. The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional and vitamin contents of the flesh of the local and improved guava species.

Materials and Methods: Proximate components were determined using the AOAC method for the moisture, ash, crude lipid, nitrogen content (crude protein) and Carbohydrate. Vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6 and B12 were analyzed using standard methods.

Results: The result showed that moisture and carbohydrate content of the improved white guava flesh is low compared with the local white guava species (9.8825 and 14.4015%) and (56.378 and 62.802%), respectively. The ash, fat, fibre and protein content of the improved white guava flesh are high compared with the local guava species (11.25 and 5.15%), (5.55 and 1.335%), (6.6145 and 6.5865%) and (10.325 and 8.225%). Improved White guava flesh is relatively low in Vitamin A, vitamin B3, vitamin B6 and vitamin C compared to local white guava flesh, while the local white guava flesh is relatively poor in vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin E compared to improved white guava flesh.

Conclusion: The present findings suggest guava flesh as a considerable source of nutrients in the diet and may have health and economic benefits due to its vitamins, and nutritional composition.
Pilot Study of Air Quality during Pre and Post COVID-19 Lockdown: An Inadvertent Assistance to the Environment
Authors: Shareef Akhtar , Hashmi Durdana Rais
Published: November 2021

The main object of this study was to examine the levels of air quality in Karachi, Pakistan, before and during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd wave of lockdown period levied to control the spread of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in the environment of Karachi city. Momentous improvement in the air quality has been found during the ‘Lockdown’ being implemented due to the Corona Virus Disease (COVID -19) pandemic in Karachi city. Concentrations of trace gases and particulate matter were used to calculate the results according to the criteria of USEPA. We have analyzed data from fourteen different locations along the busy roads in commercial, residential and industrial areas of Karachi during the period of lockdown. Data were compared to the before lockdown (BL) and during the complete lockdown (CL 1stwave), smart lockdown (SL 2nd wave) and again complete lockdown (CL-2 3rd wave) of COVID pandemic. The results show drastic reductions in criteria pollutants (PM10, CO, SO2 and NOx) concentrations in all the selected area during lockdown period. This study explained the level of air quality and its relation to prepare alternative plans to mitigate the air pollutants and to improve the environment of urban areas.
Comparative Effect of Different Treaments in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Sree Tharuna , Dayal Abhinav , Rai Prashanth Kumar
Published: November 2021

A field study was conducted to investigate the various treatments that effect on growth and yield of field pea in RBD (Randomized block design) at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Science, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during march to May in 2020. The trail consists of 13 treatments combinations. The field pea varieties were used were IPF429. The treatments included T0- control, T1,T2,T3,-Gibberellic acid, T4,T5,T6- Neem leaf extract, T7,T8,T9-ZnSo4, T10T11T12- Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA). All Ten parameters treated with Ga3 shows good results in Yield and shows maximum in field emergence, plant height, Days to 50% flowering, Number of pods, Seed yield per plot, Biological Yield and Harvest index. T0 (Un primed) shows lowest of all treatments. Hence, priming with Gibberellic acid could recommended for pre sowing treatment for field pea.
Preliminary Assessment of Water Quality in Some Hydrocarbon-imparted Ogoni Communities in River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ganabel Caroline Barituka , Wachukwu Confidence Kinikanwo , Abbey Samuel Douglas , Nwokah Easter Godwin
Published: November 2021

Aim: This study aimed to assess the quality of drinking water in some hydrocarbon-impacted Ogoni communities.

Study Design: The study employ a cross-sectional and analytical design using stratified sampling method.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Laboratory Science of Rivers State University, Giolee Global Resource Limited and Environmental Consultancy Services between March 2020 and March 2021.

Methodology: Water samples were collected from (20 hydrocarbon- impacted communities) in the 4 Local Government Area (LGAs) of Ogoni land. These water samples were analyzed to determine the physicochemical, bacteriological, heavy metal and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) parameters using standard methods and operational procedures. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. The general linearized model (GIG) was used to generate analysis of variance (ANOVA) mean and standard error and arrange, statistically significant was set as p-value of .05 (95% confidence limit). Pearson correlation test was used to calculate the correlation between TPH, Heavy metal, and physicochemical parameters in hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon impacted communities. All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism (Version 8).

Results: The results obtained for physicochemical parameters were pH 4.3±0.8 mg/l, EC 0.03±0.05 mg/l, DO 5.5±1.6 mg/l, Temp 25.0±0.0 mg/l, Mv 0.32±0.27 mg/l, Nitrite 0.0058±013 mg/l, Nitrate 0.1530±158 mg/l. These results were all below the recommended standard for Nigeria standard of drinking water quality (NSDWQ) and World Health Organization (WHO). The bacteriological analyses were carried out using multiple tubes technique (Most Probable Number), total coliform count, (TC), total heterotrophic count (THBC) and total fungal count (TFC). The results obtained were 0.941±2.397 cfu/ml, 89.3±176.6 cfu/ml, 297.8±144.4 cfu/ml, and 0.32±0.84 cfu/ml respectively. The p-values for TFC (<0.0002) were statistically significant. Heavy metal profiling was: Cr 0.194±0.320 mg/l, Cd 0.469±0.569 mg/l, Cu 0.211±0.348 mg/l, Pb 0.0336±0.20 mg/l, Fe 0.705±1.244 mg/l, Zn 0.258±0.249 mg/l, respectively. Generally, the concentration of heavy metal   increased more than the standard recommended by NSDWQ and WHO except for Zn 0.255±0.249 mg/l, and Cu 0.56±0.50 mg/l, that is slightly lower than the acceptable limit recommended by WHO and NSWWQ. The sequences of heavy metal concentration were in Cd > Cr> Pb>Fe> Cu.>Zn. The statistical significance values for Pb p=.003 and for Zn p=.009 were statistically significant. The concentration of TPH were (349.9 ppm/ml) higher than the recommended values for NSDWQ and WHO.

Conclusion: The findings in this research reviewed a worrisome level of TPH and Pb, and which could have devastating impact on bacterial biodiversity.
Farmers’ Utilisation Pattern of Soil Health Card’s Recommendation on Sali Rice Cultivation in Assam
Authors: Rabha Lohita , Barman Utpal
Published: November 2021

Aims: The present study was undertaken to examine the utilisation pattern of Soil Health Card’s (SHC) recommendation by the farmers on sali rice cultivation in Assam.

Study Design: The numbers of respondents were selected by proportional allocation to size to make it 150 and the relevant data were cross-sectional.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was undertaken at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. Respondents were selected from the Darrang district of Assam during the period 2017-18.

Methodology: Descriptive as well as inferential statistical tools were employed in order to attain the objective of the study. The data was analysed by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Chi-square test.

Results: The result revealed that 56.67 per cent of the respondents were unable to read the content of SHC, and 82.00 per cent of the respondents did not understand the content of SHC. Moreover, 74.66 per cent of farmers did not apply fertilisers and other nutrients as per the SHC recommendation. The chi-square test showed that application of urea, Diammonium Phosphate, Singe Super Phosphate and Muriate of Potash had a higher association with increased age, education, landholding, and gross annual income of respondents.

Conclusion: The SHC scheme could not bring any positive changes to sali rice in the initial year at Darrang district. Thus, the study has suggested initiating the mass awareness campaign regularly using the concept of social marketing for judicious application of fertilisers and nutrients based on the SHC report. It is also necessary to provide technical backstopping to farmers on SHC recommendation and application to make agriculture productive, profitable, and sustainable.
Study of the Behavior of Air Parcels, using PIXE, Hysplit and Wind Rose in the Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley, Mexico
Authors: Ortiz Angélica Flores , Jiménez Núñez María de la Luz , Díaz Godoy Raúl Venancio
Published: November 2021

Aim: The objective of this work was to determine the behavior of the trajectories of the air plots in two sites (San Mateo Atenco-(SM) and San Lorenzo Tepaltitlán-(SL)), in the atmosphere of the Metropolitan Zone of the Toluca Valley (MZTV).

Methodology: In the atmosphere of the MZTV, using HYSPLIT a Backward trajectory direction analysis was performed from June 29 to July 8, 2021, considering for each day the summertime schedules of the center, indicating its Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). An ANOVA analysis (with a significance level of α=0.05) was performed for the concentrations of SM and SL obtained with PIXE, with the objective of seeing the equality of their behavior.

Results: The behavior of the direction of the trajectories of the air plots in both sites is similar and the trajectories for the same day are the same in both sites but different on another day; It was determined that during night-day (19 to 12 h of the following day) the behavior is similar and changes during the remaining time, being variable. In general, the origin of the trajectories of the air plots for both sites of the MZTV is predominantly from the southeast, a situation that was confirmed with Wind Roses. Of the ANOVA analysis, the p-value was in all cases greater than the significance level of 0.05, the null hypothesis was accept, and it is possible to conclude that the elemental chemical composition of PM2.5 have equal means in both sites.

Conclusion: Among other, it is possible to consider the behavior of meteorological parameters and thus take them into account for sampling studies of criteria pollutants such as PM2.5.
Electricity Production Using Plant–Microbial Fuel Cell (P-MFC)
Authors: Shilpa B. S. , Dayananda H. S. , Girish P. , Kumar K. Arun , Bhoomika T. C.
Published: November 2021

The current climate change threat by green house gas emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels has necessitated a search for alternative non-polluting, reliable, renewable and sustainable sources of energy such as solar energy and it’s derivatives. The present work focuses on power generation by Plant-Microbial Fuel Cell using Phragmitesaustralis (Reed plant). The plants were grown in fuel-cell, graphite as anode and carbon felt as cathode, separated by proton-exchange-membrane. During anaerobic microbial metabolism of carbohydrates in the roots, protons and electrons are released, the electrons are donated to the anode by the microbes. These electrons can be channeled through a circuit bearing a load to the cathode. In this work, carbon granules as substratum (control), red soil and carbon granules mixture (30:70) as substratum in varied condition was considered. For control substratum, the max.voltage measured was 0.327 V and power density of 2.06x10-3 mW m-2 was obtained. When red soil mixed with carbon granules in the ratio 30:70, the voltage measured was 0.6 V and the power density was found to be 3.78x10-3 mW m-2. When graded red soil (0.0018 m) mixed with carbon granules in the ratio 30:70, the voltage measured was 0.623 V and the power density was found to be 3.98x10-3 mW m-2. The result proves that the plant microbial fuel cell can be used for generating electricity and is a promising renewable energy technology.
Determining the Glycemic Index of Nutritional Product for Diabetes Mellitus- Np through Measuring Glycemic Responses to Reference Food (Glucose) and Test Food (Nutritional product -Np)
Authors: Anh Nguyen Thi Diep , Hung Nguyen Trong , Phuong Tran Thi Tra , Hang Le Thi , Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc , Hien Vu Thi Thu , Thuy Bui Thi , Huyen Ngo Thi Thu , Nhung Le Thi Tuyet , Hanh Nguyen Thi Luong , Mai Tu Thi , Mai Truong Tuyet , Truong Nguyen Hong , Tuyen Le Danh
Published: November 2021

The objective was to determine the glycemic index (GI) of Nutritional product for Diabetes Mellitus through measuring glycemic responses to reference food (Glucose) and test among nutritional product 13 participants. The study was a self-controlled clinical trial with 13 qualified participants (8 men and 5 women). They were required to go through the study protocol with reference food and test food. For each individual, seven blood samples were taken in the fasting state and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after ingestion. Our results show that at all measurement points, the blood glucose levels after consumption of test food were lower than after consumption of reference food. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and a GI value of Nutritional product (NP) were calculated for each meal. Mean ± SD of GI value was calculated for test food for the combined group of subjects. Mean iAUC and GI value of Nutritional product were 62,1 ± 12,5 mmol·min/L and 44,9 ± 7,2, significantly lower to those of reference food, which were 132,6 ± 14,8 mmol·min/L and 100, respectively. Finding from the study demonstrated that Nutritional product (GI = 44,9) would be classified as a low – GI food.
Interrelation between Sleep Bruxism and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Literature Review
Authors: Alghazali Nabiel , Malki Mohammed I. , Alshehri Mesfer Ibrahim A. , Alfaifi Wafa H. , Khardali Afnan J. , Majrashi Hessah M. M. , Al-hussein Shaima M. A. , Maghrabi Hala M.
Published: November 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a clinical risk factor for sleep bruxism (SB). Although no clear causative link has been defined, both conditions are inter related to sleep-related arousal reactions [1]. A literature review was conducted on PubMed and ScienceDirect databases for 2000–2021 period. The majority of studies revealed an association between OSA and SB events.
Virtual Screening to Identify the Protein Network Interaction of Triclosan in Red Complex Pathogens
Authors: Ragav N. V. Hemanth , Priyadharsini J. Vijayashree , Girija A. S. Smiline , Ganesh P. Sankar
Published: November 2021

Background: Antimicrobial drug resistance is the major problem encountered world-wide. Novel therapeutic leads have been identified and are regularly tested for their activity against microbial pathogens.

Aim: To identify the protein network interactions of triclosan in red complex pathogens.

Materials and Methods: The present study follows an observational study design which aims to screen for the interaction of triclosan in red complex pathogens. The interaction was analyzed using the STITCH v.5 pipeline. The functional class of proteins identified were assessed using VICMPred and VirulentPred softwares. The microbial pathogens Treponema denticola ATCC 35405, Tannerella forsythia ATCC 43037, Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 are the strains of red complex pathogens that are included in the present study.

Results and Discussion: Several proteins were found to interact with triclosan. Among the protein interactions, interactions of triclosan with virulent proteins seems to have a greater impact. The NAD-dependent nucleotide-diphosphate-sugar epimerase [PGN_1370], Putative NAD dependent epimerase [PGN_1886], GDP-fucose synthetase [PGN_1079], Probable oxidoreductase [PGN_1360] of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Conserved hypothetical protein [TDE_2401],  Epimerase/dehydratase family protein [TDE_1439] of Treponema denticola, NAD dependent epimerase/dehydratase family protein [BFO_2919], Hypothetical protein [BFO_1782],  Nitroreductase family protein [BFO_1604] and Nitroreductase family protein [BFO_1516] Tannerella forsythia were found to be exhibit virulence nature.

Conclusion: This study identifies the molecular targets of triclosan on red complex pathogens. As triclosan interacts with the red complex pathogens, in future it can be used as a primary medicine for periodontitis and some oral conditions.
In vitro Anti-inflammatory Properties in Various Extracts (Ethanol, Chloroform and Aqueous) of Kaempferia galanga Linn Rhizome
Authors: Khan Hooriyah Laiq Ahmed , Sridevi G. , Selvaraj J. , Preetha S.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Kaempferia galanga is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae: ginger family. It is treated as a folk traditional herb. Anti Inflammatory property refers to the ability of a substance to reduce inflammation or any of its 5 cardinal signs.

Aim: To assess and compare in vitro the anti-inflammatory properties of various extracts (ethanol, chloroform and aqueous) of Kaempferia galanga L Rhizome.

Materials and Methods: Protein Denaturation Inhibition was carried out in vitro and statistical analysis was done using ONE WAY -ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Tests. The test was done in triplicates.

Results: Chloroform extract of Kaempferia galanga rhizome has the best anti-inflammatory potential followed by Ethanol and Aqueous extracts of the rhizome.

Conclusion: With further in vivo and clinical research, the chloroform, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Kaempferia galanga can be recommended as a novel, innovative and potent anti-inflammatory drug in the market as it’s natural and doesn’t have side effects.
A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Its Control with Medical Nutritional Therapy among Antenatal Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in a Semi Urban Area
Authors: Shafaiyaz M. , Rohini G.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a condition in pregnancy which can cause foetal and maternal complications. After delivery the newborn may have life threatening metabolic complications and later in life may suffer from obesity, glucose intolerance and Diabetes in early adulthood. The mother might also be at the risk of developing type-2 diabetes mellitus. So, the knowledge among the antenatal women will result in disease prevention and early detection.

Aim and Objective: The present study was aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and its control with medical nutritional therapy among antenatal patients in a tertiary care hospital in semi urban area.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Saveetha Medical College and hospital, Chennai, with a participation of 190antenatal patients attending the hospital for regular antenatal check up and admission for delivery. The study was conducted between the months of January and June of 2021.

Results: In total of 190 study participants, 38(20%) participants acquired the knowledge about Gestational Diabetes Mellitus from family, 73(38.42%) participants acquired from friends, 47(24.73%) participants acquired from medical professionals and 32(16.85%) participants from neighbour.

Conclusion: There was a paucity of knowledge among pregnant women about GDM and its complications. Attitude and practices of antenatal women should be improved through various programs and channels for better antenatal outcomes.
Systemic Review on the Pathogenicity of Plasmodium berghei in the Liver and Spleen of the Experimental Mice
Authors: Albohiri Haleema H. , Alzanbagi Najia A.
Published: November 2021

Malaria is still one of the most prevalent tropical and parasitic diseases throughout the world representing a global health concern. Even with all efforts to restrict disease transmission and national malaria control programs, malaria infection continues to cause considerable morbidity and mortality in resource-poor countries. Malaria infection occurs in two stages, the Exoerythrocytic and Erythrocytic stage. The exact biology of malaria parasite in human hosts is likely relatively similar, with the main differences being attributable to the human immune response, the number of previous infections and the exposure profile. The disease severity can be determined by the balance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Although, research about the clinical characterization and histology of malaria has shown some information regarding the pathogenesis, the actual mechanisms by which malaria parasites produce severe disease, the immunity defends against infection is remained unknown. Studies in animal models can reveal details about the processes of severe malaria infection and human defense mechanisms. Because of its similarities to the Plasmodium species that cause human malaria, Plasmodium berghei is used as a model organism for the experimental research. In addition, of affecting the central nervous system, Plasmodium berghei infection in the Swiss Webster mouse causes systemic damage, and affects numerous organs including the liver and lymphoid organs. The infected spleen demonstrations includethe splenomegaly, re-modelling and other basic changes consist of the red pulp’s expansion, marginal zone’s slight damage, enlarged vasculature and the barrier cells activities. Moreover, the liver shows hyperplastic Kupffer cells, fatty change, portal tract inflammation, cholestasis, liver cell necrosis, sequestration of Parasitized Red Blood Cells (PRBCs) and deposition of hemozoin pigments.
A Cross Sectional Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Health Care Seeking Behaviour towards Dysmenorrhea among Female Students in a Medical College, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Tanushree B. , Akanksha .
Published: November 2021

Background: Menstruation is a normal physiological process that occurs throughout the reproductive years of every woman[1]. Most of the women experience mild pain and discomfort during menstruation. Dysmenorrhea is defined as cramping pain in the lower abdomen accompanying menstruation.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and healthcare-seeking behavior towards dysmenorrhea among female students in a medical college, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 292 female students in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used and data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 and were presented in tables reporting frequency counts and percentages. Statistical significant tests were conducted using chi-square.

Results: The dysmenorrhea was reported in 243 (83.2%) of them. Out of which 206 (70.54%) had primary dysmenorrhea and 37 (12.67%) had secondary dysmenorrhea which was categorized on the basis of onset of pain. A statistically significant relationship was seen between the type of menstrual cycle and dysmenorrhea (P=0.013).

Conclusion: Many women consider dysmenorrhea to be a normal part of the menstrual cycle and thus fail to seek help. The consequences of untreated dysmenorrhea include poor concentration, highest incidence of absenteeism, resulting in loss of work hours and economic loss and social withdrawal. Therefore, interventions such as education programmes on effective management of dysmenorrhea can be planned with intention to improve the quality of life among the female students.
Assessment of Short Term Memory and Perception among Homemakers and Office Going Ladies
Authors: Anees Fharreeha Fathima , Sridevi G. , Preetha S.
Published: November 2021

Background: Short term memory is the capacity of holding but not manipulating a small amount of information in the mind which is readily available in an active state for a short period of time. It is essential to analyze the frequency of short term memory and perception in working women and homemakers.

Aim: To comparatively evaluate short term memory and perception changes in home makers and working women

Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was done alone in home makers and working women under the range 25- 57years above.to assess the frequency type duration of exposure to stress at home and work environment, stress symptoms and short-term memory changes.

Results: The results of the present study showed that respondents were homemakers and had high amounts of stress which led them to have low short term, memory and perception. Working women have better short term memory and perception and respondents in the age group of 46-56 years had better short memory and perception

Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that stress is more in home makers compared to working women and are prone to memory loss, which they are ignorant. A proper education and awareness of stress relaxation reduction methods can help them to improve their quality in life.
A Study to Evaluate the Quality of Life of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Reddy P. Amulya , Saravanan K. , Madhukar A.
Published: November 2021

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the QOL of patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Study Design: This was a prospective, observational study.

Duration of Study: The study was conducted from August 2019 to January 2021 in Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad.

Methodology: Patients of either sex with ≥1year history of diabetes willing to give the consent were included in the study. Patients of either sex with <1year history of DM, Pregnant/lactating women and patients not willing to give the consent were excluded from the study. Data on Blood glucose levels (FBS, PPBS) and HbA1C was also obtained and assessed. QOLID questionnaire was administered to the patients and assessed which consisted of a set of 34 items representing 8 domains such as Role limitation due to the physical health, Physical endurance, General health, Treatment satisfaction, Symptom botherness, Financial worries, Mental health, and Diet satisfaction).

Results: A total of 200 patients were analysed in the study,108(54%) were males and 92(46%) were females. The average age of the patients was 58.5 years with majority being 51-70years (73.5%) of age. Patients with higher age and females had poor QOL compared to others. The correlation between various categorical variables with that of scores of QOL in various domains was assessed, Age of the patients influenced QOL score in various domains like RLPH (p value-0.038), PE (p value-0.0183), and SB (p value-0.0002), Gender has influenced QOL score in domains like RLPH (p value-0.0008), PE (p value-0.0106), TS (p value-0.0005) and Educational Qualification has influenced QOL score in RLPH (p value-0.0008), GH (p value-<0.0001), TS (p value-<0.0001), E/MH (p value-<0.0001).

Conclusion: The results concluded that overall QOL was noticeably low in Diabetic patients especially in Women and elderly thus indicating that Diabetes management is not restricted to treatment but also requires attention on QOL of patients.
Virtual Screening to Identify the Protein Network Interaction of Berberine with Red Complex Pathogens
Authors: Abinaya S. , Priyadharsini J. Vijayashree , Girija A. S. Smiline , Ganesh P. Sankar
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Periodontal disease is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. It's typically caused by poor brushing and flossing habits that allow plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, to build up on the teeth and harden. Elimination of these pathogens from the site of infection remains a perplexing task, which demands the use of antibiotics. The emergence of drug resistant forms has spurred interest into identifying novel therapeutic targets against these pathogens.

Aim: The present study employs virtual screening method to identify the protein network interaction of berberine with red complex pathogens.

Materials and Methods: Computational tools were used to identify the targets, assess their functional role and virulence property. Further, the peptide epitopes present in the virulence factors were identified using the BepiPred tool. The subcellular location of the virulence proteins was also elucidated using PSORTb.

Results: Berberine was found to target vital protein transporters such as TetR family transcriptional regulator and MerR family transcriptional regulator, which is known to play a crucial role in the survival of bacterial cells.

Conclusion: Hence the present study provides preliminary data on the protein targets of berberine against red complex pathogens. However, in vitro studies using the compound is warranted to further confirm the efficacy of the compound.
Antimicrobial Activity of Cymbopogon (Lemongrass) on Enterococci
Authors: Sanjith A. Sai , Muralidharan N. P.
Published: November 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus bacteria.

Materials and Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the Broth Dilution Method. The antibiotic susceptibility test against the test organisms was performed by the Disc Diffusion Method.

Results and Discussion: Antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon oil was examined against common Enterococcus bacteria using broth microdilution assay and the disc diffusion method. Zone of inhibition was seen when Cymbopogon oil was kept with enterococcus bacteria, this proves to be bacteriostatic.

Conclusion: Lemongrass oil proved to be bacteriostatic against Enterococcus, further research to be done to implement Lemongrass oil as an antibacterial agent.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards COVID-19 Infection during Pregnancy among Antepartum Women
Authors: Maharajan Sivasundari , Nijamudeen Shifa Shahina , Ramkumar Dhanvarsha Sumaldha Subbiah , Amthul Nimrah
Published: November 2021

Background: Pregnant women are more susceptible to developing severe cases of COVID-19. They need to be more careful during the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods to prevent untoward outcomes. As no definite treatment for COVID- 19 has yet been proven,  the only effective approach to prevent unfavorable outcome is by increasing awareness of  COVID-19 among pregnant women and by encouraging them to follow the necessary prevention methods. This study was done to know, if the adherence to the recommended preventive practices were influenced by the knowledge and attitude of the mothers and whether having a good knowledge and attitude led to better adherence to prevention methods. It also aims to assess if current knowledge on the effects of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy among antenatal women is sufficient or if more efforts have to be taken to educate the mothers regarding the same.

Aims: This research aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and precautionary measures taken towards COVID-19 infection in pregnancy among antenatal women attending the outpatient clinic.

Materials and Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted in Saveetha Medical College Hospital from January 2021 to March 2021. All antenatal women attending the obstetrics outpatient clinic were included in the study. After obtaining their consent, each woman was given a semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire to solve on the spot. The statistical analysis used were descriptive analysis, proportions, percentages, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results: Among the 465 pregnant women included in the study, 86.02% had good knowledge of COVID-19 and its impact on pregnancy, 89.89% of women held a positive attitude towards battling the pandemic and 98.92% had good prevention practices against COVID-19 infection. There was a significant association between age and knowledge and a significant association between socioeconomic status with the knowledge, attitude, or preventive practices of the patients and between education level and attitude of the women at p<0.05. Knowledge, attitude and prevention were found to be strongly positively correlated indicating that with an increase in the knowledge there is an increase in attitude and practice of preventive measures by pregnant women.

Conclusion: The women included in this study had adequate knowledge and a good attitude towards the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and lactation. They also take necessary precautionary methods to safeguard against acquiring COVID -19 infection.
Thrombosis in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Rakshana S. , Mahadevan Laya , Arunkumar A. S.
Published: November 2021

The magnitude of thrombosis in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is yet to be understood fully. Thrombosis in COVID-19 patients depends on multiple factors like the severity of the disease, presence or absence of prophylactic anticoagulants, and the number of anticoagulants prescribed. Histologically, lung tissues from COVID patients show florid capillary endothelitis with microthrombi formation in alveolar capillaries and small pulmonary vessels. Inflammation and diffuse alveolar damage, extensive pulmonary macrophage activation and diffuse interstitial inflammation play an important role in microthrombi formation in the pulmonary vessels. If antithrombotic therapy is already prescribed before the diagnosis of COVID-19, it should be continued. For all hospitalized pregnant patients, prophylactic anticoagulant therapy is prescribed unless contraindicated. Anticoagulant therapy during labor requires special care. Appropriate therapeutic and prophylactic anticoagulant regimens must be initiated as and when required including in the post discharge phase.