bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who Climbs the Ivory Tower? Social origins of academic faculty in an egalitarian welfare state
Authors: Borgen Nicolai T. , Hermansen Are Skeie , Sandsør Astrid Marie Jorde
Published: September 2024

While there is extensive literature on intergenerational mobility in education, including the transition to PhD, much less is known about the transition to academic faculty. In this paper, we use unique register data following entire birth cohorts born from 1955 to 1985 in Norway, an egalitarian welfare state, to investigate the social origins of academic faculty. Despite free public higher education and PhD positions with competitive wages, potentially removing many barriers to entry, we find large and stable differences in the likelihood of becoming faculty members by parental education, earnings, and whether parents are faculty members. However, while the likelihood of becoming a faculty member varies widely depending on social origins, sorting into faculty positions seems to be explained mainly by differences in obtaining a PhD. Once we compare individuals with PhD educations, social origins do not seem to constitute an additional barrier to becoming a faculty member. Nevertheless, social origins influence the likelihood of obtaining a position at more prestigious institutions, and faculty members from more advantageous backgrounds have higher earnings. Thus, social origins shape academic careers beyond their effects on entering academia.
Media Capture
Authors: Jofre David
Published: September 2024

Different from harsh censorship and state repression, media capture is a particular form of soft and indirect control of news outlets exercised by a variety of possible vested interests, including governments, corporate owners, advertisers, and digital platforms. This entry defines media capture as a political communication process with negative consequences for equality, democracy, and journalistic quality. It describes the main indicators that help identify captive media systems across different political regimes and world regions. It also discusses the main causes and types of media capture according to various contextual factors. Finally, it situates the phenomenon within the current literature, examining overarching debates on how to solve this problem in democratic and transitional regimes.
Intra-urban Differences in Maternal Health Care Service Utilization in Nepal: Results from 2016 Nepal DHS
Authors: Dulal Komal Prasad
Published: September 2024

After restructure of local bodies in Nepal, some rural settings before 2015 fall under urban set tings. It is advantageous to understand the situation of maternal health care utilization among poor and non-poor in the new urban structure. Officially, one-fifth of the total population is poor in the country. The objective of this study is to explore the differentials in utilization of all the care designed during the course of reproduction from the notice of pregnancy to postnatal care within two days of delivery among urban poor and non-poor in Nepal. Differentials and roles in utilization of all care, utilization of full maternal health care service for the healthy pregnancy and childbirth are explored among the two economic groups living in urban setting of Nepal. This study has utilized Nepal demographic and health survey 2016 women’s data file. The data used for the analysis came from the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). This survey is nationally representative population-based household surveys that collected information on fertility, family planning, maternal and child health etc among other data. Details about the survey designs and sampling procedures of this survey are explained in publicly available final report. Using wealth index used as a proxy for household economic status, the lowest wealth quintile is taken as poor and the remaining as non-poor. Result shows that nearly 10 percentage point differences have been observed in utilizing recommended months of antenatal care visits as well as full antenatal care among poor and non-poor. Such differences remained three times more extensive in receiving de livery care from skilled birth attendants and the postnatal care within two days of delivery among those groups. Even, urban poor women are less likely to receive all components of maternal health care. Results of logistic regression confirm the lower chance of receiving full maternal health care by urban poor. The study concludes that urban setting, as local body of Nepal, needs to address the urban poor especially in utilization of maternal health care in protecting and saving health of mother and the newborn.
Implications of a twelve-week aerobic exercise on functional work capacity in HIV positive clients on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Nicholas Mwebaze , Nsibambi Constance A.n. , Ojuka Edward , Maghanga Mshilla
Published: September 2024

The implications of aerobic exercise on functional work capacity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive clients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Uganda have been established. ART and the efforts to scale it up have significantly improved the value of life and life’s hope of among PLHIV. Despite the presence of ART HIV disease is still seen in wards and a significant loss of life due to AIDS. This study provides useful information to the Ministry of Health of Uganda on the implications of aerobic exercises on functional work capacity as a clinical outcome to HIV positive clients in Uganda. This helps in refining the existing information on aerobic exercises and their relevancy in management of HIV positive clients. An experimental study was conducted among HIV positive clients who had been on treatment for at least 12 months prior to the study. Volunteers were randomly assigned to a control group (Group 1), where no treatment was administered, and an experimental group (Group 2), where a twelve-week moderate intensity aerobic exercise was administered. Assessment of functional work capacity was done as a pre-test and post-test for both groups. The results showed that aerobic exercises significantly improved both heart rate and VO2max with p-values of
Non-Driving Related Activities Inside an Automated Vehicle Among Malaysia Passengers
Authors: Sulaiman Mohammad Izhar , Md Yusof Nidzamuddin , Karjanto Juffrizal , Hassan Muhammad Zahir , Sulaiman Syabillah , Mohd Jawi Zulhaidi , Abu Kassim Khairil Anwar
Published: September 2024

The advancement of automotive technology has led to the development of automated vehicles. The trend of passengers performing non-driving-related activities during travel was expected to continue in the future of automated vehicles. It is essential to discover the type of activities that the users prefer to improve the interior design of an automated vehicle. Past studies show that every country has different preferred non-driving related activities. The main objective of this study is to collect data on preferred non-driving related activities, specifically by Malaysians, using online questionnaires. 293 respondents answered the questionnaires in six (6) months. As a result, the top three (3) non-driving related activities in Malaysia are listening to music, calling or texting, and interacting with others. In addition, the most preferred seating position as a passenger, the most suitable travel duration to perform non-driving related activities uninterrupted, and the preferred seating configuration of the automated vehicle were also discovered. The outcome of this study will add knowledge for designing better future automated vehicles suitable for Malaysian users.
APLICAÇÃO DO MÉTODO DAS DISTÂNCIAS MÉDIAS DOS CANAIS RGB NA CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE AMOSTRAS COM MAIS DE UM TIPO DE GRÃO
Authors: Dos Santos Camelo Marteson Cristiano
Published: September 2024

O Brasil é o maior produtor e exportador de café do mundo, sendo a espécie arábica a mais produzida. A classificação desses grãos permite comercializar um produto de qualidade, identificando possíveis defeitos como a presença de grãos pretos, verdes ou ardidos, responsáveis por trazer prejuízos sensoriais à bebida e reduzir seu valor comercial. O uso de sistemas de visão computacional são alternativas para melhoria de processos dentro da indústria de alimentos, sendo o processo de classificação de alimentos uma das diversas possibilidades. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver um programa de processamento digital de imagens aplicável ao processo de inspeção visual automática da qualidade de grãos de café arábica, quanto aos defeitos por cor. Para tal, foi realizada a aquisição de imagens adquiridos da Indústria & Comércio Café Ouro Verde LTDA, Garanhuns-PE, utilizando máquina fotográfica Nikon 5200 e aparelho celular iphone 7 e iluminador LED circular de 8 polegadas Ring Light, a fim de manter a constância de luz. O processamento de imagens foi realizado a partir da elaboração de um código a partir da plataforma Matlab®. Os grãos foram classificados de acordo com o valor da menor distância média entre os pixels dos canais RGB das imagens teste com as imagens padrão. O código utilizou o método das distâncias médias dos canais RGB (Red, Green, Blue), onde foram utilizadas quatro imagens padrão, referentes aos grãos sadios, pretos, verdes e ardidos e 60 imagens teste. O código conseguiu classificar os grãos com alto valor de acurácia. No entanto, entre os grãos ardidos a acurácia foi de 73,3%, devido à classificação de quatro imagens que foram identificadas como sendo grão verde. O método das distâncias médias dos canais RGB mostrou-se eficaz na classificação dos grãos de café arábica e pode ser utilizado para determinar se o café analisado se encontra dentro dos padrões preconizados pela legislação, ao fazer a análise grão a grão, necessitando apenas de uma boa iluminação e posição da câmera no momento de aquisição das imagens, de modo a evitar interferência por sombras.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE CASCAS DE CAFÉ: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE O PROCESSAMENTO VIA SECA E FERMENTADO
Authors: Donato Maria Vitória , Silva Samanta , Tavares Maria , Rabêlo Elisandra , Pedroza Suzana
Published: September 2024

O processamento do café gera uma quantidade significativa de resíduos, sendo a casca um dos principais subprodutos deste processamento, rica em matéria orgânica, nutrientes e compostos bioativos, como cafeína, polifenóis e taninos, no entanto, essa matéria-prima é descartada de forma incorreta, sem aproveitar seu potencial bioativo. Com a crescente preocupação com a saúde, o meio ambiente e a qualidade de vida, os consumidores têm buscado produtos sustentáveis, incluindo o café orgânico e o uso de subprodutos de forma sustentável. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as cascas de café orgânico arábica processadas por via seca natural e fermentação anaeróbica na região de Taquaritinga do Norte, em Pernambuco, e comparar estatisticamente os resultados obtidos para fins de usos alimentícios. O estudo foi conduzido utilizando cascas de café processadas por via seca natural e fermentação anaeróbica, coletadas em duas fazendas na região de Taquaritinga do Norte. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas nas cascas, incluindo umidade, cinzas, lipídios, proteínas, atividade de água, pH, condutividade, acidez, sólidos solúveis, cor, açúcares redutores e cafeína. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre as cascas processadas de forma natural e fermentada em relação a diversos parâmetros. A partir destes resultados, com estas características observadas em cada tipo de casca, é possível determinar em qual ramo cada uma seria melhor aplicável, contribuindo para a reutilização das propriedades características e o prolongamento da vida útil deste resíduo. Demonstrando a importância de estudar sobre os processamentos pós-colheita do café e como influenciam nos subprodutos gerados, sendo necessário investir de forma contínua na pesquisa e inovação da produção de café, sendo possível que o produtor consiga definir, de forma viável e eficiente, um melhor direcionamento de seus resíduos gerados pelo aumento na demanda e consumo de cafés.
Protocolo sepsis neonatal
Authors: Vasco-Morales Santiago Noé , Salazar Tamayo Grace Johanna , Vega Reyes Christian David , Salinas-Salinas Analy Alejandra
Published: September 2024

La sepsis neonatal sigue siendo un importante problema de salud pública en muchos países. En Ecuador es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en recién nacidos, especialmente en neonatos prematuros o de bajo peso. El diagnóstico se basa en la presencia de factores de riesgo, criterios clínicos, marcadores de inflamación-infección y alteraciones en el hemograma, así como en la realización de hemocultivos. Es fundamental identificar el origen de la infección y aislar al patógeno, aunque esto no siempre es posible. La antibioticoterapia empírica debe iniciarse tan pronto como se sospeche la infección, y los ajustes posteriores se deben basar en el antibiograma, preferiblemente con esquemas de corta duración y vigilancia estrecha. Se debe considerar desescalar el tratamiento una vez controlado el foco infeccioso. Las complicaciones más graves de la sepsis neonatal incluyen la meningitis, el choque séptico y la muerte. El uso adecuado y racional de antibióticos, junto con la identificación temprana de los neonatos de riesgo, puede ayudar a disminuir la incidencia de sepsis neonatal. Se presenta el protocolo de tratamiento de sepsis del Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Isidro Ayora, un centro hospitalario de tercer nivel que atiende los casos obstétricos y perinatales más complejos desde su inauguración. Este protocolo se realizó de acuerdo con A Reporting Tool for Practice Guidelines in Health Care: The RIGHT Statement.
Influence of the domain structure of LaBGeO₅ polar crystals on their gyrotropic properties
Authors: Konstantinova A. F. , Golovina T. G. , Mareev E. I. , Butashin A. V. , Volchkov I. S. , Gainutdinov R. V. , Asharchuk N. M. , Kasimova V. M. , Zabelina E. V. , Kozlova N. S.
Published: September 2024

The spectra of transmission coefficients and absorption indices of monodomain and polydomain LaBGeO₅ samples were measured. It is shown that for a more accurate measurement of the rotation of the plane of polarization of light, it is necessary to use the transmission coefficient spectra not only for parallel and crossed polarizers, but also at other angles between them. The obtained values of p for both samples are described quite well by a single variance using the Drude formula. This is consistent with the fact that the value of p should not change with monodomenization of the crystal at a given symmetry (P31 in the ferroelectric phase and P3121 in the paraelectric phase). It is shown that the generation of the second harmonic of the Cherenkov type is observed only in a polydomain sample, while the radiation of the second harmonic is not polarized. The domain structure of the samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy and piezoelectric force microscopy. For a polydomain sample, the presence of a labyrinthine domain structure was shown, for a monodomain sample, no contrast changes were observed within the scanning area.
Conductivity and real structure of cesium hydrosulphosphate crystals
Authors: Gainutdinov R. V. , Tolstikhina A. L. , Makarova I. P. , Komornikova V. A.
Published: September 2024

Superproton crystals obtained in the water-salt system CsHSO4–CsH2PO4–H2O were studied using electric atomic force microscopy. At 296 K for the Cs3(HSO4)2(H2PO4) and Cs4(HSO4)3(H2PO4) samples, local current-voltage characteristics were measured depending on the crystallographic orientation, the anisotropy of conductivity was established, and the degree of dependence of the conductive properties on the composition of the compounds was shown. Twin structures on cleavage fractures and their correlation with the atomic structure of monoclinic crystals are considered. The common features and differences in the atomic and real structure of mixed crystalline phases and the influence of hydrogen subsystems on their properties are discussed.
Chain-melting phase transition in a lamellar film of dimyristoyl-phosphatidylserine on the surface of a silica hydrosol
Authors: Tikhonov A. M. , Volkov Yu. O. , Nuzhdin A. D. , Roshchin B. S. , Asadchikov V. E.
Published: September 2024

Structural dynamics of multilayer of dimyristoyl-phosphatidylserine formed on the surface of silica sol with 5 nm nanoparticles size has been investigated by X-ray reflectometry and grazing-incidence diffraction at 71 keV photon energy. Combined model-based and modelless analysis of reflectometry data revealed the structure consisting of a surface monolayer and a stack of lamellar bilayers sandwiched between water layers, with a spatial period of ~ 150 Å. With increase in temperature above the chain-melting point the surface monolayer is observed to transition from a surface crystal phase with minimal area-per-lipid value of (40 ± 1) Å2 to a disordered liquid phase with estimated area-per-lipid value of (52 ± 2) Å2. Under low temperatures both monolayer and bilayer slabs contain 5 to 8 H2O molecules bound to lipid PS-fragment; however, above the melting point the amount of contained water rises to about 14 molecules per bilayer headgroup.
Influence of copper powder structure on the catalytic properties of cerium oxide
Authors: Zhigalina O. M. , Morozova O. S. , Khmelenin D. N. , Cherkovskiy E. N. , Firsova A. A. , Basu V. G , Vorobieva G. A.
Published: September 2024

The influence of the structure of copper powder particles on the catalytic activity of the CeO2/Cu catalyst was studied using the methods of X-Ray diffraction, electron microscopy, electron diffraction, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis, as well as programmed temperature reduction of CO (CO-TPR). Nanocomposites were obtained by mechanochemical synthesis using copper particles differing in size and morphology: micron-sized dendrites and nanoparticles. It was shown that the activity of the catalyst obtained from nanosized copper is two times higher, which is due to the presence of CuxO clusters located on the atomic steps of cerium oxide nanocrystals. This arrangement of clusters apparently ensures that the activating centers are not blocked. Thus, the surface structure of cerium oxide particles formed when using nanosized copper powder is a key factor responsible for the catalytic activity.
Fluorine conducting ceramics based on BiF3
Authors: Sorokin N. I.
Published: September 2024

The temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity of a ceramic sample of the Bi0.94Ba0.06F2.94 solid electrolyte was studied using impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range 293–473 K. The ceramics was obtained by solid-phase synthesis (873 K, 3 h) in a closed Cu ampoule and is a heterovalent solid solution of tysonite structure (space group) with lattice parameters a = 7.1482(8) and c = 7.3279(5) Å. The conductivity value at room temperature and its activation enthalpy are equal to σcer = 3 × 10–5 S/cm and DHs = 0.49 ± 0.05 eV, respectively. The ion-conducting properties of isostructural solid electrolytes Bi1–yBayF3–y and La1–yBayF3–y with similar values of ionic radii of matrix cations (1.17 and 1.16 Å for Bi3+ and La3+, respectively) are compared. The conductivity at 473 K of Bi0.94Ba0.06F2.94 ceramics exceeds the electrical conductivity of ceramics and La0.95Ba0.05F2.95 single crystals by 6 and 3.3 times, respectively.
Al₂O₃ Melt interaction with nitrogen at high temperatures and pressure 1 bar
Authors: Kostomarov D. V. , Fedorov V. A.
Published: September 2024

The main chemical reactions of interaction in the Al₂O₃−N₂ system have been determined for a temperature of 2400 K and a pressure of 1 Bar. It was found that in the absence of direct interaction of nitrogen (molecular and atomic) with the melt, chemical reactions between nitrogen and products of dissociative evaporation of Al₂O₃ melt are possible. Nitrogen oxidation reactions and interaction reactions of nitrogen oxides with the melt, both directly and with the participation of elemental oxygen or gaseous aluminium oxides, have been determined. It is demonstrated that elemental forms of nitrogen can interact with the melt together with nitrogen oxides and (or) with all Al-containing components of the system. Concentrations of gaseous substances in equilibrium with Al₂O₃ melt were calculated by the Monte Carlo method.
Fast numerical calculation of X-ray diffraction from crystal microsystems
Authors: Punegov V. I. , Malkov D. М.
Published: September 2024

In the kinematical approximation, a method for rapid numerical calculation of X-ray diffraction from thin crystalline microsystems has been developed. The speed of calculating of reciprocal space maps using this approach is three to four orders of magnitude higher than calculations based on the Takagi–Taupin equations or two-dimensional recurrence relations. Within the framework of the obtained solutions, numerical simulation of X-ray reciprocal space mapping was performed for three models of crystal chips of microsystems.
Structure of inorganic compounds halogen bonds in derivatives of 2,5-diiod-1,4-dimethylbenzene
Authors: Rajakumar K. , Zherebtsov D. A. , Nayfert S. А. , Osipov A. А. , Adonin S. A. , Spiridonova D. V.
Published: September 2024

The synthesis of 1,4-di(bromomethyl)-2,5-diiodo-benzene (1), diacetate of 2,5-diiodo–1,4-di(hydroxymethyl)benzene (2) and diiodide of 1,1’-[(2,5-diiodo-1,4-phenylene)bis(methylene)]dipyridinium (3) is described and their crystallographic data are given. All three crystal structures are characterized by the stacked packing of planar molecules and the presence of halogen bonds I–Br, I–O, and I–I, respectively. The number of halogen bonds is maximum in compound 1: two I–Br bonds for each halogen atom. Compounds 2 and 3 contain one halogen bond per halogen atom, but they are significantly shorter than in compound 1. All crystals were investigated by IR spectroscopy and synchronized thermal analysis. Compound 1, which has no ionic or hydrogen bonds, melts at a higher temperature than ionic compound 3 (218 and 200°C, respectively) due to the presence of a large number of intermolecular halogen bonds. Compound 2 melts at a lower temperature (151°C), which is characteristic of esters.
Thin-film polydiacetylenes of a stable blue phase based on symmetrical and unsymmetrical diacetylene N-arylcarbamates
Authors: Alekseev А. S. , Vyaz’min S. Yu. , Ivanov A. В. , Klechkovskaya V. V. , Lukasov М. S.
Published: September 2024

The conditions and features of the formation of Langmuir monolayers of symmetrical and asymmetrical diacetylene N-arylcarbamates and the structural organization of Langmuir-Schaefer films based on them were studied. Photopolymerization of monolayer solid films of two types of molecules was monitored using absorption spectroscopy and showed the transition of diyne molecules to the blue phase polydiacetylene state. The efficiency of the solid-phase topochemical polymerization reaction in a film of symmetrical diynes turned out to be 5 times higher than in a film of asymmetrical diyne molecules. The morphology of monolayer surfaces before and after UV irradiation was studied using scanning electron microscopy.
Study of electrical properties and characterization of a metal-polymer conductor based on silver-containing nanowires
Authors: Panov D. V. , Volchkov I. S. , Kovalets N. P. , Podkur P. L. , Koshelev I. O. , Kanevskiy V. M.
Published: September 2024

The possibility of forming a conductive metal-polymer composite based on an array of intersecting silver-containing nanowires has been demonstrated. It has been determined that the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the composites depend both on the deposition time and on the ratio of the anode to cathode areas. The resulting metal-polymer composites had mechanical characteristics exceeding those of polymer track membranes made of polyethylene terephthalate. At the same time, with an increase in the ratio of anode to cathode areas and an increase in deposition time, the samples exhibit a decrease in the values of electrical conductivity (0.0025 Ω-1 – at 100 growth cycles, 0.0033 Ω-1 – at 50 cycles), strength (90 MPa – at 100 cycles, 99 MPa – at 50 cycles) and elastic modulus (4.7 GPa – at 100 cycles, 5.4 GPa – at 50 cycles). The data obtained indicate that conductive silver-containing nanowires can be reinforcing structures for conductive metal-polymer composites with high electrical conductivity values, promising for use in flexible electronics elements.
Conduction band electronic states of ultrathin furan-phenylene co-oligomer on the surfaces of oxidized silicon and of layer-by-layer grown zinc oxide
Authors: Komolov А. S. , Pronin I. A. , Lazneva Е. F. , Sobolev V. S. , Dubov E. A. , Komolova A. A. , Zhizhin Е. V. , Pudikov D. A. , Pshenichnyuk S. A. , Becker Ch. S. , Kazantsev M. S. , Akbarova F. Dj. , Sharopov U. B.
Published: September 2024

The paper reports on results of an investigation of the electronic states of the conduction band of ultrathin films of furan-phenylene co-oligomer 1,4-bis(5-phenylfuran-2-yl)benzene (FP5) and the results of an investigation of the interfacial potential barrier upon the formation of these films on the surfaces of (SiO2)n-Si and of layer-by-layer deposited ZnO. Upon deposition of an 8–10 nm thick FP5 film, the total current spectroscopy (TCS) technique was used for investigation within the energy range from 5 eV to 20 eV above EF. FP5 films on the (SiO2)n-Si surface showed a domain structure with a characteristic domain size of the order of 1 micro.m × 1 micro.m and a surface roughness within the domain under 1 nm. In contrast, FP5 on the ZnO surface showed a granular structure with a grain height of 40–50 nm.
Temperature influence on the stability of the precursor cluster of the thermolysin crystal
Authors: Kordonskaya Y. V. , Timofeev V. I. , Marchenkova M. А. , Pisarevsky Y. V. , Silvestrova S. Y. , Dyakova Y. A. , Kovalchuk M. V.
Published: September 2024

We used the molecular dynamics method to assess the stability of the precursor-cluster (hexamer) of thermolysin crystal over a wide range of temperatures (10–90°C). The simulation results showed that as the temperature increases, the stability of the hexamer, in general, decreases, however, the hexamer does not dissociate at any of the considered temperatures. At a temperature of 60°C, an increase in the stability of the hexamer was observed. This value is close to the temperature of maximum enzymatic activity of thermolysin (70°C). Based on the analysis of the results, it was assumed that the crystallization of thermolysin could be carried out at 60°C.
Bacterioplankton of the Western Part of the Kara Sea
Authors: Romanova N. D. , Boltenkova М. A. , Bezzubova E. M.
Published: September 2024

Data on the structural and production characteristics of bacterioplankton in the western part of the Kara Sea at the beginning and in the middle of summer are presented. In the region of the St. Anna Trough slope, the average abundance of prokaryotes for the water column was (594–708) × 103 cells/ml (26.4–36.5 mgC/m3) in June and (247–517) × 103 cells/ml (12–28 mgC/m3) at the beginning of August. On the transect along Novaya Zemlya, the average abundance of bacterioplankton in the water column was (186–554) × 103 cells/mL (8.5–30 mgC/m3) within a week after the seasonal ice and (169–443) × 103 cells/mL (8–21 mgC/m3) in the midsummer. Bacterial specific growth rate did not exceed 1.28 day–1; its high values were observed in the upper warm water layer, above the halocline, and also at the near-bottom depths. At the beginning of summer, the production of bacterioplankton tended to decrease in the northeast direction. The distribution of prokaryotes abundance was determined by temperature and water saturation with oxygen, possibly as an indirect indicator of past phytoplankton “bloom”.
The Origin of the Chionoecetes Opilio Snow Crab Larvae in the Kara Sea
Authors: Lipukhin E. V. , Zalota A. K. , Mishin A. V. , Simakova U. V.
Published: September 2024

Most likely, the non-indigenous snow crab opilio, Chionoecetes opilio, entered the Kara Sea from the Barents Sea, both due to the migration of adults and with currents at the larval stage. At the moment, all bottom stages, including mature individuals and a large number of pelagic larvae are present in the Kara Sea. However, the origin of the larvae has not yet been clarified. The larvae that hatched in the Kara Sea should be at an earlier stage of development compared to the Barents Sea larvae that got here due, to later development of phytoplankton and, accordingly, later hatching.
The larvae of the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio and the spider crab H. araneus were collected in the central and southwestern parts of the Kara Sea in July — early August 2019 by the Bongo zooplankton net 60 cm in diameter. It was established that the larvae were unevenly distributed across the Kara Sea. The main concentrations were found on the border with the Barents Sea in the St. Anna Trough (up to 860 ind./m2), and relatively high concentrations of larvae were noted in the southwestern part, where their abundance at the stations varied from 18 to 302 ind./m2. In the zone of the Ob-Yenisei plume, crab larvae were absent or their abundance was minimal. Using molecular genetic methods, the species identity of 361 larvae (344 C. opilio and 17 H. araneus) was reliably determined, and measurements of a number of morphological structures were made for 401 larvae. Significant differences in size at the zoea stage II between C. opilio and H. araneus were established. In most of the Kara Sea in July 2019, in zooplankton samples, crab larvae were represented by zoea I C. opilio with rare specimens of zoea I H. araneus of the Kara Sea origin. Only in the southwestern part, on the border with the Barents Sea, the presence of zoea II C. opilio and H. araneus was observed in samples with an increase in the proportion of the latter species in catches, which probably originate from the Barents Sea.
Differences in Megabenthos Communities in the Eastern and Western Parts of the Kara Sea Based on Video Observations
Authors: Udalov A. A. , Anisimov I. M. , Muravya V. O. , Lesin A. V. , Kuzmin V. Yu. , Zalota A. K. , Chikina M. V.
Published: September 2024

The first quantitative video survey of the benthic megafauna was carried out on a transect in the eastern part of the Kara Sea from the slope of the Voronin Trough to the upper shelf in the depth range from 1680 to 70 metres. The data were obtained using the TU-V “Videomodule” during the 89th cruise of the R/V “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” in autumn 2022. It was shown that the megabenthos in this area differs significantly from that of the western part of the sea and Blagopoluchiya Bay (Novaya Zemlya). In the eastern part of the Kara Sea, echinoderms dominated, among which ophiuroids were in the first place, whereas in the western part of the sea and in the Blagopoluchiya Bay, the key component of the megafauna was the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio. Single adults of Ch. opilio were recorded for the first time at almost all stations in the eastern part of the sea, but, in contrast to the western area, the snow crab has not yet become dominant here and has not influenced the benthic communities.
State and Forecast of the Development of the Shallow Sandy Coast of the Tidal Sea (on the Example of Madagascar)
Authors: Dunaev N. N. , Leontyev I. O. , Repkina T. Yu.
Published: September 2024

Currently, most seashores are experiencing increased erosion and retreat. To a large extent, this applies to coasts subject to the influence of high-amplitude sea tides, which is extremely negatively manifested on the accumulative coasts of oceanic islands. The solution of the problem of their dynamics, the theoretical foundations of which are still in the development stage, can be based only on the basis of wide-regional studies. This work is aimed at elucidating the features of the dynamics of such a coast using the example of a key region of a large oceanic island. The main reasons for its degradation are identified, recommendations are given for stabilizing the coastline, and the development trend according to the natural scenario is considered.
Studies of Hydrogen Sulfide Contamination of the Deep-Water Basin of the Middle Caspian Sea During Cruise of the R/V “Issledovatel Kaspiya” September 2022
Authors: Dukhova L. A. , Suvorova A. S. , Gruzevich A. K. , Oganesova E. V. , Kudyakov A. D.
Published: September 2024

Results of the comprehensive studies of hydrological and chemical structure of the Middle and Northern Caspian Sea carried out aboard r/v “Issledovatel Kaspiya” in September 2022 are presented. It is shown, despite the continuing decrease in sea level, there is no aeration of the deep layers, the hydrogen sulfide layer persists with a tendency to increase the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the bottom layer. There is an increase of the oxygen minimum zone. The changes of the Caspian Sea ecosystem have led to a weakening of the removal of nutrients from the photic layer into the bottom layers and, as a consequence, a decrease in the concentration of silicon in the bottom layer. The results obtained will allow to evaluate the trends of ongoing changes.
Productivity of the Bakchar bog plant communities in the initial stages of pyrogenic succession (southern taiga of Western Siberia)
Authors: Kosykh N. P. , Mironycheva-Tokareva N. P. , Koronatova N. G. , Vishnyakova E. K.
Published: September 2024

The results of a study on the productivity of plant communities after a crown fire in a drained oligotrophic bog in the southern taiga of Western Siberia are presented. A quantitative assessment of biological productivity in areas with varying degrees of pyrogenic disturbance is given. The reserves of the grass-shrub and moss layers in the most disturbed area in the second year of restoration amounted to 1220 g/m2, production was 324 g/m2 per year; in the third year, reserves increased to 1635 g/m2 and production increased to 1038 g/m2 per year due to the growth of blueberries, while the production in the control site with high reserves of living phytomass (2200 g/m2) amounted to 745 g/m2 per year. There was a change in the structure of the phytomass, compaction of the deposit by 34%, and an increase in the mortmass of vascular plants by three times. The living mass of roots in the disturbed area concentrated in the upper layer of 0–10 cm, while it was distributed in the control area in the layer of 10–30 cm. It was found that the roots of dead pines retain the morphological characteristics of living ones during the first two years and pass into the fraction of dead roots on the third year of pyrogenic succession. Carbon losses during burning of the top layer of tow up to 20 cm amounted to 3016 g C/m2, 500 g/m2 of which can be buried as a layer of coal in peat.
Macrozoobenthos of subarctic lakes as an indicator of climate change
Authors: Maximov A. A. , Berezina N. A.
Published: September 2024

Changes in the macrozoobenthos of two northern lakes differing in degree of humification of water over the 50-year period that have passed since the first studies were considered. In the lake with water uncolored by humus, the benthos biomass increased, and in the humified one, it decreased. The changes that have occurred are due to climate warming, especially pronounced in winter. It was concluded that even closely located bodies of water can respond differently to climate change. Depending on the nature of the catchment area and the morphology of the lakes, either an increase in their productivity due to the supply of nutrients or a decrease due to humification can be observed.
Differentiation of optical signals using an integrated metal-dielectric-metal structure
Authors: Kashapov A. I. , Bezus E. A. , Bykov D. A. , Doskolovich L. L.
Published: September 2024

We consider optical properties of integrated metal-dielectric-metal structures embedded in a dielectric slab waveguide and their application to the problems of first- and second-order optical differentiation of the profile of the incident optical beam in reflection. According to the presented numerical simulation results, the investigated structures enable performing the spatial differentiation operation with high quality. The presented results may find application in novel systems for optical information processing and analog optical computing based on integrated nanophotonic structures.
Research of light diffraction on electrically controlled multiplexed multilayer inhomogeneous holographic diffraction structures based on the photopolymerizing compositions with nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Sharangovich S. N. , Dolgirev V. O. , Rastrygin D. S.
Published: September 2024

We presented the developed analytical model of optical radiation diffraction on multiplexed multilayer inhomogeneous diffraction structures formed by the holographic method in photopolymerizing compositions with nematic liquid crystals having smooth optical heterogeneity in the thickness of the layers. By numerical calculation, it was shown that when using an applied electric field with different polarities to the diffraction layers, as well as varying the azimuth of the polarization of the reading beam, the angular selectivity of the diffracted beam can be transformed with a significant shift in angular selectivity, which makes it possible to increase the spectral bandwidth by 4 times compared to conventional multilayer diffraction structures.
Optical properties of multiplex vortex structures
Authors: Zotov A. M. , Korolenko P. V. , Pavlov N. N.
Published: September 2024

As applied to various applied problems, a group of questions on optimizing the characteristics of vortex light beams used in multiplex optical systems is considered. A new method is proposed for the formation of systems of singular beams with small-scale dislocations, which provide a high degree of stability of their structure to the influence of diffraction effects.
On the influence of intrapulse Raman scattering on the dynamics of pulses in a gradient waveguide
Authors: Khalyapin V. A. , Bugay A. N.
Published: September 2024

Based on the method of moments, a system of equations for the parameters of a longitudinal-transverse pulse is obtained. A criterion for the stability of such signals and the characteristic length at which the intrapulse Raman scattering makes the pulse unstable are found.
Generation of optical-terahertz solitons by a few-cycle laser pulse
Authors: Kalinovich А. А. , Sazonov S. V.
Published: September 2024

The generation of broadband terahertz radiation using an extremely short laser pulse of high intensity is considered. Using numerical simulation of the generalized Yajima-Oikawa system, it is shown that in the generation of an optical-terahertz soliton, in contrast to the quasi-monochromatic case, Kerr nonlinearity plays an important role for a low-period pulse, considering its dispersion.
On the parametric few-cycle light bullets
Authors: Koshkin K. V. , Sazonov S. V. , Kalinovich A. A. , Komissarova M. V.
Published: September 2024

Numerical simulation demonstrates that (2D+1) few-cycle (3–5 oscillations under the envelope) light bullets may form in the medium with quadratic nonlinearity and group velocity anomalous dispersion under conditions of second-harmonic generation. It is shown that as the number of oscillations under the envelope decreases, the parameters of such two-frequency solitons change.
Formation of quasi unipolar pulses in nonequilibrium magnetized plasma channels
Authors: Bogatskaya A. V. , Volkova E. A. , Popov A. M.
Published: September 2024

The possibility of controlling both the spectral and polarization properties of THz pulses propagating in strongly nonequilibrium extended magnetized plasma channels formed by intense UV femtosecond laser pulses in nitrogen (air) is analyzed. The formation of quasiunipolar pulses with a nonzero electric area and a specific state of polarization is discussed. The transformation of such pulses upon leaving the region of a static magnetic field is analyzed.
Electron gun with an auto-emission cathode based on carbon nanotubes for a powerful millimeter-range extended interaction klystron
Authors: Rodyakin V. E. , Aksenov V. N.
Published: September 2024

The possibilities of using auto-emission cathode-grided module in an electron-optical system of extended interaction klystron of the millimeter wavelength range are investigated. The results of a theoretical analysis of the developed design of an electron gun with high compression ratio are presented. The limits of the angular spread of electrons on the grid, which ensures the complete electron beam transmission through the interaction system of the device, are determined.
Investigation of the third harmonic generation in a high-current relativistic Ka-band gyrotron
Authors: Abubakirov E. B. , Denisenko A. N. , Leontyev A. N. , Mineev K. V. , Rozental R. M.
Published: September 2024

Theoretical and experimental investigations of radiation generation in the frequency multiplication mode at the third harmonic in a high-current Ka-band gyrotron have been carried out. Within the framework of three-dimensional PIC-simulation, it is shown that the nonlinear transformation coefficient in the W-band can reach values of 0.5%. Experimental data on registration of radiation in this range are presented.
Characteristics of a distributed location system with an ultra-wideband probing signal
Authors: Kulagin V. V. , Valuev V. V. , Kornienko V. N. , Cherepenin V. A.
Published: September 2024

Using numerical simulations, the characteristics of an ultra-wideband distributed probing system for various network configurations are investigated and its optimal configuration is proposed. It is shown that the range and transverse coordinate resolutions in this case are determined by the characteristics of the probing pulse and can reach 2—3 centimeters, which corresponds to an effective angular resolution of several tens of microradians.
Broadband rectification of microwave current in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Kiseleva K. V. , Kichin G. A. , Skirdkov P. N. , Zvezdin K. A.
Published: September 2024

We experimentally studied the effect of broadband rectification of microwave current in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with using the method of spin-transfer ferromagnetic resonance in a planar external magnetic field. It was found that the parameters of broadband rectification (frequency range, rectified voltage value and the region of existence of the ferromagnetic resonance mode) depend on the size of the sample and its shape. The maximum value of the rectified voltage was on a round elliptical sample of 100×150 nm. At the same time, the widest operating frequency range of approximately 2 GHz was observed on strongly elliptical MTJs with the size of 75×250 nm.
Сalculation of fields scattered by inhomogeneous area with a large wave size
Authors: Zotov D. I. , Rumyantseva O. D. , Cherniaev А. S.
Published: September 2024

A method is proposed for finding acoustic fields scattered by an inhomogeneous area of space with a large wave size. In this case, the RAM of a personal computer is not enough to solve the direct problem at once in the entire study area. Then the area is divided into sub-areas, and the iterative procedure is organized based on problem solution in each individual sub-area.
The new approach of a simulation low dose rate radiation effects in bipolar integrated circuits
Authors: Chumakov A. I.
Published: September 2024

The model is proposed to explain the effects of low dose rate under the radiation influence in bipolar structures, taking into account the effects of subthreshold displacement in high-doped silicon layers. The base current degradation of bipolar transistor is determined of surface and displacement radiation effects in the near-surface base area. The conditions for the enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) in bipolar structures are shown. The presented results of the analysis allow us to explain most of the observed experimental results.
Propiedades físicas de un suelo sometido a la aplicación de diferentes cantidades de materia orgánica de escarabajo
Authors:   Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi, Fernández-Rodríguez Juan Pablo , Álvarez-Herrera Javier Giovanni ,   Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Jaime-Guerrero Marilcen ,   Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
Published: September 2024

Las áreas con suelos degradados en el mundo son cada vez mayores y ponen en peligro la seguridad alimentaria, los ecosistemas y la sostenibilidad; no obstante, una herramienta para controlar esta pérdida de suelo es la adición de materia orgánica (MO). Existen diversas fuentes de materia orgánica, una de ellas, proviene del abono orgánico de escarabajo, pero se desconoce su efecto sobre las propiedades físicas del suelo. Este trabajo evaluó el impacto de la aplicación de diferentes cantidades de materia orgánica de escarabajo en las propiedades físicas de un suelo. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado con cinco tratamientos correspondientes a diferentes dosis de materia orgánica de escarabajo (0, 4, 8, 12 y 16 t ha-1), aplicada al suelo. La materia orgánica se aplicó y se dejó actuar durante 70 días; al cabo de este tiempo se midieron las propiedades físicas del suelo. Los resultados indicaron que la materia orgánica de escarabajo afectó significativamente la densidad aparente, el índice de estabilidad de agregados (IEA), la resistencia a la penetración y la humedad volumétrica. Los mayores valores de IEA se obtuvieron con la aplicación de 4 t ha-1 de MO. La adición de 16 t ha-1 de MO disminuyó, tanto la densidad aparente como la resistencia a la penetración y mejoró la calidad del suelo en parámetros, como el índice de plasticidad y la humedad volumétrica. La materia orgánica de escarabajo se convierte en una alternativa importante para mejorar las propiedades físicas del suelo.
Pengaruh perendaman larutan basa sabun cair pencuci piring terhadap pewarnaan indigosol pada kain mori primissima
Authors: Khamidah Khamanda Nur , Maghfiroh Maghfiroh , Lestari Rizki
Published: September 2024

In making batik using indigosol dye, an oxidation/fixation process is required with the addition of HCl or sunlight. HCl can have an adverse effect on fabric. Therefore, alternative chemicals are used in this process using dishwashing soap. This study aims to determine the effect of soaking in dish soap on the indigosol dyeing process. The variables in this study are the results of dyeing batik cloth with dye from indigosol and fixation using sodium nitrite and HCL. The level of success is indicated by the level of fabric fragility. This research uses an experimental research method. An experimental research method is a method that aims to test the influence of a variable on another variable or test the causal relationship between one variable and another. The experimental method used in this research is a pure experimental method (true experimental). namely experiments that most closely follow procedures and fulfill experimental requirements, especially those relating to controlling variables, control groups, providing treatment or manipulating activities and testing results. The results of this research are that dishwashing soap solution can be used as an alternative acid neutralizerthat does not damage the color of the fabric.