bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greece and the European Union
Authors: Tsoukalis Loukas
Published: November 2020

This chapter traces the turbulent relationship between Greece and European integration concentrating more on the years of full EU membership and the recent period of euro membership. It tries to explain the contradiction between strategic vision that has characterized Greece’s European policy over the long term, coupled with significant successes of Greek diplomacy, and repeated failures to conform with common rules, which in turn led to crises. Greece has a successful cosmopolitan elite and an inward-looking culture, weak economy and weak institutions, a long tradition of populism and a difficult neighbourhood that breeds insecurity. She needs a strong Europe more than most of her fellow members of the EU. She wants to be close to the core but finds it difficult to deliver the goods in a system designed by and for more developed countries. Having at long last exited in 2018 the quarantine imposed by her creditors through three successive economic memorandums, Greece needs a game changer that can only come from inside, not imposed from outside.
Greek Constitutionalism and Patterns of Government
Authors: Alivizatos Nicos C.
Published: November 2020

The holding of general elections at regular intervals, universal suffrage, and parliamentary government were fundamental characteristics of modern Greek constitutionalism as early as the last third of the nineteenth century. These characteristics are so deeply ingrained in the country’s cultural traditions that they form an integral part of its identity. In that sense, Greek constitutionalism lies behind the failure of the extreme political forces to attract mass support throughout the twentieth century, as was and continues to be the case in many other European countries. At the same time, though, by being deeply divisive and conflictual, Greek constitutionalism has been obstructing real reforms in state organization and action, in crucial fields which include, among other sectors, public administration, education, social security, and health care. Moreover, through disastrous government spending, with the sole aim of winning the next election, extreme party polarization led to an unprecedented debt crisis that brought the country to the verge of bankruptcy in 2010. That being said, the fundamental difficulty in carrying out long-awaited reforms lies in overcoming conflictual partisanship, without, however, killing the zest that still attracts large portions of the electorate to mainstream politics.
Motor development in infants and children
Authors: Libertus Klaus
Published: November 2020

Motor development has been relatively neglected in Developmental Psychology over the past 30 years. A recent renaissance of interest in this domain provides new insights into the dynamic nature of motor development with large individual differences, the myriad of factors influencing motor skill learning, and the long-lasting and important implications of motor activity for cognition, language, and even academic achievement. These behavioral and observational findings raise new questions that need to be addressed by future research. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience is uniquely positioned to answer open questions about motor development and to contribute to our understanding of the processes underlying the variability, malleability, and generality of motor development. This chapter summarizes select current findings and hopes to stimulate future research using Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience methods.
The Centre Party, Conservatives, and the Radical Right
Authors: Baranowski Shelley
Published: November 2020

This chapter focuses on two major Weimar political parties, the anti-republican German National People’s Party (DNVP) and Catholic Centre Party, which acknowledged the Weimar Republic’s legitimacy and occupied a crucial position in every national coalition until mid-1932. Ultimately the DNVP’s support crumbled because it could not meet the expectations of its middle-class constituents. Although the Centre’s electorate remained stable by comparison, both parties succumbed ultimately to the determination of conservative elites after 1930 to pursue their interests through the commanding heights of the state and impose an authoritarian system.
Visual Weimar
Authors: Wallach Kerry
Published: November 2020

In the Weimar Republic, images were perceived to be as unreliable as they were powerful. They helped create and codify difference while simultaneously blurring lines within the categories of gender and race. Visual culture provided a wild playground for discourses about gender presentation and sexuality that encompassed veterans, athletes, criminals, the New Woman, and androgynous figures. Despite the growing prominence of images in race science, it was widely held that images could not be trusted to convey accurate information about race. The propagandistic use of images for political purposes had the potential to be equally ambiguous. It was ultimately up to the beholder to interpret the multiple meanings and symbolic potential of a given image.
The Weimar Constitution
Authors: Caldwell Peter C.
Published: November 2020

The revolution of 1918 produced the basic decisions of Germany’s National Assembly in the Weimar Constitution: for parliamentary democracy, a more centralized state, and basic rights—including social rights. The National Assembly sought a form of parliamentary democracy that would ensure both stability and democratic change. It rejected both American presidentialism and French parliamentarianism in favour of a hybrid that balanced a president directly elected by the people with a strong Reichstag composed of representatives elected by proportional voting. The president’s emergency powers could be used if the Reichstag were divided to stabilize democracy, while the Reichstag had the power to rescind emergency acts and to remove the government. The constitution’s section on basic rights was extensive, eventually including fifty-seven articles. Among them were individual rights, the rights of family and youth, religious rights, and labour rights. The aim was a ‘social catechism’ of ethical and social aims that could unite the nation. The Weimar Constitution opened up democratic possibilities for Germany. The fact that its opponents were able to use its framework to undermine the Reichstag and to bring about democracy’s demise is a matter of politics and political culture rather than a matter of constitutional structure.
Globalization Narratives and Industrial Policy
Authors: Esser Daniel E. , Mittelman James H.
Published: November 2020

Competing narratives of globalization constitute parameters that both constrain industrial policymaking and provide opportunities to negotiate alternatives. Such representations of globalization are powerful precisely because they can become objectified as policy. They are also compelling because the literature on industrial policy has so far largely left them out. Focusing on the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), this chapter analyses how elite narratives of globalization expressed in verbal and written texts bear on industrial policies. It documents how the narratives of hyper-globalization and de-globalization have gradually been supplanted by three more specific storylines: (1) globalization as inexorable and malleable; (2) regionalization as a process that can refract global neo-liberalism; and (3) digital industrialization as a promise for industry-driven development yet a catalyst for inequality in low- and middle-income countries. The chapter shows how these storylines form policy openings that can be leveraged to pursue creative, home-grown industrialization strategies.
Industrial Policy
Authors: Reinert Erik S.
Published: November 2020

The aim of this chapter is to give a brief overview of the historical arguments that have been used to argue for industrial policy in its widest sense, that is, that what a nation (or region) specializes in producing may be of key importance to the wealth and welfare of its inhabitants. Historically it has been generally agreed that symmetrical trade—trade in similar goods between nations at similar levels of technological development—has tended to be beneficial to both trading partners. In these cases, employing Ricardian trade theory has not been detrimental to the trading partners. This chapter explains the situations when Ricardian trade theory is not beneficial to one of the trading partners, and—at the same time—the economic mechanisms which have been identified as making industrial policy desirable. That manufacturing matters has, in various forms, been presented as a main reason for industrial policy, at least since England’s import-substitution policies during the 1400s: adding value to English wool by spinning it into woollen cloth and garments. This was mainly achieved by raising export duties on raw wool, making English wool cheaper for domestic manufacturers than for foreign ones. However, the reasons why manufacturing matters have varied. And that understanding has gone from intuitive inferences to scientific evidence. This chapter will historically present this process and the most common arguments for industrial policy over time.
Industrial Policy, Macroeconomics, and Structural Change
Authors: Ocampo José Antonio
Published: November 2020

The main argument of this chapter is that the key to rapid economic growth is the dynamic efficiency of economic structures, defined as their capacity to generate new waves of innovative activities. After reviewing the empirical literature that confirms this view, the chapter argues that the dynamics of production structures may be visualized as the interaction between two basic forces: innovations (broadly defined) and the learning processes associated with them; and the complementarities, linkages, or networks among firms and production sectors. The chapter then analyses the specific structural transformation challenges that natural resource-dependent economies face. It finally argues that industrial policies should be accompanied by appropriate macroeconomic and financial policies that should guarantee in particular a competitive and stable real exchange rate and long-term financing for innovative activities, with a crucial role for national development banks.
Successes and Failures of Industrial Policy in Transition Economies of Europe and Asia
Authors: Popov Vladimir
Published: November 2020

This chapter discusses the achievements and failures of various models of industrial policy in post-communist countries. If industrial policy is needed, how are industries that have to be supported to be selected? What are the appropriate tools/instruments to support particular industries? Eastern European countries in general did not have any explicit industrial policy, either via tax concessions and/or subsidies, or via under/overpricing the exchange rate. Many countries of the former Soviet Union carried out large import-substitution programmes through the regulation of domestic fuel and energy prices (directly and via export tax) that subsidized all energy consumers. They also provided subsidies to agricultural enterprises. China and Vietnam (and to some extent Uzbekistan) carried out export-oriented industrial policy mostly by underpricing the exchange rate. It is argued that export-oriented industrial policy via undervaluation of the exchange rate is the best possible option to promote export-oriented catch-up development based on the export of manufactured goods. It is especially needed for resource-rich countries (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) that are prone to ‘Dutch disease’. Assistance to domestic producers by keeping domestic prices for fuel and energy low also helps to stimulate growth, but at the cost of very high energy intensity.
The Political Economy of Industrialization and Industrial Policy in Africa, 1960‒2018
Authors: Chitonge Horman , Lawrence Peter
Published: November 2020

This chapter examines industrial policy (IP) in Africa from late colonial times to the present. It focuses on explanations of the failure of African countries to transcend the first stage of import substitution and effect the structural transformation of their economies. These explanations lie in the nature of a country’s power relations, their interaction with foreign capital and international institutions, and their effect on the ability of the state to implement IP. We point to the continuities from colonial IP to the post-independence adoption of more rapid import substitution, then to the effects of liberalization through structural adjustment programmes on IP and industrialization, and finally to the return of a more focused IP. We show the policy effects on industrial growth and economic structure in each period and argue that particular policies were followed because of the power of specific class and state coalitions to prevent or effect change.
Historical Background during the Springs and Autumns Period
Authors: Pines Yuri
Published: November 2020

This chapter explores the political and social order of the aristocratic Springs and Autumns period. It analyzes the formation of the multistate system in the wake of the weakening of the Zhou dynasty, this system’s functioning, and the eventual collapse of the attempts to ensure viable multistate order. The chapter shows that aggravating political fragmentation notwithstanding, the aristocratic elites throughout the Zhou realm maintained considerable cultural unity. Even the elites of alien political entities, such as Wu and Yue, became increasingly absorbed into the broad framework of the Zhou culture, contributing therewith to the expansion of the Zhou realm and the softening of Sino-alien dichotomy. The second part of the chapter focuses on domestic life of the component polities of the Zhou world. Particular attention is given to the power of hereditary aristocrats (specifically, the ministerial lineages) and to political activism of the lower stratum of “capital-dwellers,” who emerged as major beneficiaries of the ongoing struggles between the rulers and their chief ministers.
The Shi, Diplomats, and Urban Expansion during the Warring States Period
Authors: Meyer Andrew
Published: November 2020

The shi, or “knights,” were not a coherent class during the Warring States period, though figures identified as such were central to the social, political, and cultural dynamism of the era. As the fragmentary states of the early Zhou era politically consolidated, the nature of the aristocracy changed. The aristocracy bifurcated into a steeply divergent populace of “kings” and their kin at the top and the mass of undifferentiated knights far below. Although not exactly a period of shi ascendancy, it was, at the individual level, a time of very fluid social mobility. State governments grew in power to the point of being able to determine the power and status even of hereditary aristocrats. All social positions became gauged in relation to their utility for the state. Low-born knights could rise to positions of high power and status through meritorious service to the state. Diplomacy became a field in which talents for strategy or rhetoric could earn great merit. Some of the most influential figures of the Warring States were humble knights that distinguished themselves as diplomats. Social fluidity was likewise embodied in urbanization. As the Warring States saw rapid population growth, technological advancement, and economic specialization cities grew in size and changed in character. Where they had once been principally military and cult centers, they evolved into centers of commerce and manufacturing in which new communities and social institutions took shape.
Mozi
Authors: Leung Vincent S.
Published: November 2020

This chapter introduces the basic philosophical tenets of the Mozi. It is a vast collection of texts attributed to the eponymous figure, who probably lived in the late fifth century bce, and his followers in the next few centuries. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first discusses the biographical details of this shadowy figure Mozi, the problematic textual history of this tome, and the historical significance of this tradition of ethical and political thought that bears his name. The second section focuses on the method of the philosophy of the Mozi, with a special focus on its reliance on etiological rhetoric. The third and last section discusses the core teachings of the Mozi, including the idea of Heaven’s will; the efficacy of meritocracy; the virtue of impartiality; the necessity of moderate expenditure; the veritable existence of ghosts and spirits; and its impassioned arguments against warfare, fatalism, and what Mozi and his followers understood to be the teaching of the Confucians popular in their own time.
The Artistic Revolution in the Warring States Period
Authors: Shi Jie
Published: November 2020

This chapter introduces the new developments of Chinese art during the Warring States period (475–221 bce) by surveying major artistic categories such as cities, tombs, architecture, ritual and mundane objects, and painting. What stands out among the new phenomena is the increased structural complexity in city and tomb plans, the elevation of terraced buildings, the employment of iron tools in the production of jade artifacts, the exploration of the lost-wax casting technique in bronze workshops, the diversity of mundane objects such as painted lacquerware, and the advancing skills in representational arts, and so on. The chapter further situates the new artistic progress in the dramatically changing social context, in which China was moving toward a bureaucratic and meritocratic society.
Longshan Culture Issues: Taosi and Cosmology
Authors: He Nu
Published: November 2020

Archaeological research regarding cosmology at Taosi site in Shanxi, China, has led to the identification of the concept of a “central state” in the middle Yellow River Valley that may be recorded in terms of space and time, ca. 2000 bce. The tools used to make this identification include a gnomon shadow template as well as a megalithic observatory for a positional calendar. The inhabitants in this region conceived a form of Taiji Dualism in speculating on the formation of earth and heaven, and then developed a spatial paradigm for urban planning. They invented as well the concept of earth as center and in turn formulated the concept of Five Quarters cosmology as a political landscape.
Settlements, Buildings, and Society of the Erlitou Culture
Authors: Xu Hong , Li Xiang
Published: November 2020

The Erlitou culture formed the earliest Chinese territorial state by the early part of the second millennium bce. This chapter looks at settlement patterns, building types, and social conditions for the development of a capital site and territorial secondary sites. Erlitou cultural settlements comprise 3 levels with the Erlitou site itself as a first level settlement, level 1, at the top as a capital city. Large-scale rammed earth architectural foundations identify a ruling elite and complex social functions. Based on an analysis of the settlement system and major scale architecture construction, tomb locations, material goods, and resource controls, trade patterns and resource control Erlitou site and its society served as a sophisticated capital complex.
Queer Patriotism in the Eurovision Song Contest
Authors: Raykoff Ivan
Published: November 2020

The Eurovision Song Contest, the long-running annual televised popular music show watched by millions of viewers around the world, was first broadcast in the United States in 2016, six decades after its founding in 1956. This considerable delay reflects the musical tastes of American audiences, but even more significantly, it reveals how ideals of national belonging and expressions of patriotism operate very differently in the United States than in contemporary Europe. Through its songs, performers, and rituals, Eurovision plays with notions of the nation-state in ways that call into question conventionally heteronormative and particularly American experiences of national identity and patriotic feeling. Considering Dana International’s 1998 win for Israel, the drag acts of Sestre for Slovenia in 2002 and Verka Serduchka for Ukraine in 2007, Marija Šerifović’s win for Serbia in 2007, and Conchita Wurst’s victory for Austria in 2014, this chapter explores how Eurovision enacts an alternative patriotism through a deliberate crossing and queering of national and sexual identities. This dynamic of “queer patriotism” is one reason that this song contest is so often dismissed by those who resist a more progressive and inclusive notion of global belonging.
War Mobilization, Gender, and Military Culture in Nineteenth-Century Western Societies
Authors: Nye Robert A.
Published: November 2020

Gender served as an important structural and organizing principle for the mobilization of peoples for war and nation in Europe and the United States during the nineteenth century. This chapter explores, from a gender perspective, how military and civilian cultures became more intimately conjoined and societies were militarized. Men experienced induction in mass conscription armies as a rite of passage to manhood and citizenship and prolonged their military identities in veteran’s organizations. Women participated in voluntary and nursing organizations that supported military and combat activities throughout the century and figured as national symbols and in the commemoration of civilian and military suffering. Popular culture, art, music, and military display made use of deeply gendered images linking military culture to nationalist themes.
Gendering the Memories of War and Holocaust in Europe and the United States
Authors: Biess Frank
Published: November 2020

Based on a theoretical discussion of how and why memories are “gendered,” this chapter demonstrates the centrality of gender for changing memories of war and genocide in Europe and North America after 1945. Notwithstanding women’s extensive participation in World War II, patriotic memories centered on the predominantly male figures of the “victor,” the “martyr,” and the “victim.” Linking national reconstruction with the restoration of a hierarchical gender order, these narratives marginalized or erased women’s experiences. The ascendancy of Holocaust memory in the West fundamentally challenged this commemorative regime and elevated the figure of the “survivor.” Second-wave feminism not only rendered visible women’s role in World War II; it also promoted the gendering of Holocaust memory. The end of the Cold War enabled the public proliferation of previously private memories with significant gendered implications.
Citizenship, Mass Mobilization, and Masculinity in a Transatlantic Perspective, 1770s–1870s
Authors: Dudink Stefan
Published: November 2020

The chapter explores the interrelationship between the emergence of new ways of mass mobilization with volunteers, militias, and universal conscription; the rise of notions of gender as a universal, natural binary opposition; and the rise of men as universal male political subjects in the periods of the wars of revolution and wars of nation-building and nation-keeping from the 1770s to the 1870s. One important theme is the nexus between male military duties and citizenship rights. This nexus was introduced in the French Revolution and later used and transformed in several other contexts. Where it was rejected, it nevertheless made its presence felt in what became a conscious refusal of the French model of the modern citizen-soldier. Always controversial and never fully implemented, even in contexts where it was supposedly fully endorsed, the model of universal conscription loomed large in the background of all nineteenth-century debates over military reform and political citizenship.
Central Asia
Authors: Siméon Pierre
Published: November 2020

This chapter explores the Islamic archaeology of Central Asia. Central Asian medieval ities were investigated by Russian researchers since the last quarter of the 19th century but the results of these excavations remain little known in the west. The predominance of historical survey studies, extensive excavations, and an impressive number of publications provides a basis for understanding the organization and distribution of the Islamic Central Asian cities. Their interactions within this vast territory and with the Middle East emerge in contemporary debates. Trade plays a major role in these contacts, and the sedentary-nomadic interface stimulated the economy. Nevertheless, few studies bring together the work carried out over the long term and enable an understanding of the variation and evolution of Islamic trade and urbanism in Central Asia. Outlines of the medieval societies are known, but the details remain unclear. This chapter follows the main river basins (Amu Darya and Syr Daria) and steppic and desert interfaces to understand the basis and extent of Russian archeology in Central Asia from the Tsarist period (c. 1850–1917) until today. The construction of a field of Central Asian Islamic archaeology and the main challenges confronting researchers in the five Central Asian republics are also considered.
Hypoferremia is Associated With Increased Hospitalization and Oxygen Demand in COVID‐19 Patients
Authors: Hippchen Theresa , Altamura Sandro , Muckenthaler Martina U. , Merle Uta
Published: November 2020

Iron metabolism might play a crucial role in cytokine release syndrome in COVID‐19 patients. Therefore, we assessed iron metabolism markers in COVID‐19 patients for their ability to predict disease severity. COVID‐19 patients referred to the Heidelberg University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into outpatients (cohort A, n = 204), inpatients (cohort B, n = 81), and outpatients later admitted to hospital because of health deterioration (cohort C, n = 23). Iron metabolism parameters were severely altered in patients of cohort B and C compared to cohort A. In multivariate regression analysis including age, gender, CRP and iron‐related parameters only serum iron and ferritin were significantly associated with hospitalization. ROC analysis revealed an AUC for serum iron of 0.894 and an iron concentration <6 μmol/l as the best cutoff‐point predicting hospitalization with a sensitivity of 94.7% and a specificity of 67.9%. When stratifying inpatients in a low‐ and high oxygen demand group serum iron levels differed significantly between these two groups and showed a high negative correlation with the inflammatory parameters IL‐6, procalcitonin, and CRP. Unexpectedly, serum iron levels poorly correlate with hepcidin. We conclude that measurement of serum iron can help predicting the severity of COVID‐19. The differences in serum iron availability observed between the low and high oxygen demand group suggest that disturbed iron metabolism likely plays a causal role in the pathophysiology leading to lung injury.
Leech Therapy for Complex Facial Lacerations
Authors: Cohn Jason E. , Othman Sammy , Evarts Marissa , Papajohn Paul , Mattioni Jillian , Zwillenberg Seth
Published: November 2020

Facial trauma can pose challenging reconstructive obstacles in both maintaining tissue viability and restoring aesthetic appearance. Medicinal leech therapy can help to promote vascular decompression in the setting of venous congestion. A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify patients who underwent medicinal leech therapy following venous stasis secondary to repair of a complex facial laceration. Three patients were identified; 2 suffered auricular avulsion, while 1 suffered a lip avulsion. All patients suffered from venous congestion and underwent medicinal leech therapy for 48 to 72 hours with reduction of edema and stasis. Decompression was successfully achieved with no further sequelae on last follow-up. Medicinal leech therapy is an adequate treatment for venous congestion following traumatic soft-tissue repair of the face. The authors advocate for the utilization of medicinal leeches to combat venous congestion after repair, particularly when arterial inflow remains intact.
Congenital Neck Masses
Authors: Pupić-Bakrač Jure , Pupić-Bakrač Ana , Novaković Josip , Skitarelić Neven
Published: November 2020

Congenital neck masses (CNMs) are developmental malformations that present with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and signs. They account for 21% to 45% of neck masses in children and 5% to 14% in adults. This study aimed to present the clinical manifestations and treatment of CNM from single-institution experiences. A retrospective analysis of patients surgically treated for CNM in a 12-year period was performed. Altogether, 117 patients (female/male ratio, 1:1.05) were diagnosed with CNM. The mean age at presentation was 26.91 years (range, 0.01–84 years). Within the study population, 120 CNMs were identified: 52 (43.33%) thyroglossal duct remnants, 48 (40.00%) branchial cleft anomalies, 7 (5.83%) epidermoid/dermoid cysts, 4 (3.33%) hemangiomas, 3 (2.50%) lymphangiomas, 1 (0.83%) hemangiolymphangioma, 1 (0.83%) hemangioendothelioma, 1 (0.83%) internal laryngocele, 1 (0.83%) external laryngocele, 1 (0.83%) ectopic thyroid gland, and 1 (0.83%) parathyroid cyst. The lateral neck region was the most frequently affected anatomical site, followed by the midline neck location and mediastinum (54%, 45%, and 1%, respectively). Surgical excision was performed in all cases. Recurrence was recorded in 5 (4.17%) patients. The results of this study provide comprehensive information regarding the clinical spectrum of CNM. Successful management of these lesions depends on a thorough understanding of neck embryology and anatomy. Misdiagnosis and improper treatment increase the morbidity and recurrence rate of CNM.
Secondary Stroke Prevention and Management for the Neuro-Ophthalmologist
Authors: Abdul Rahman Line , Wabnitz Ashley M. , Turan Tanya N.
Published: November 2020

Background:

This article will serve as a comprehensive review of secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and central and branch retinal artery ischemia, which are closely linked pathologically and can be managed similarly to prevent further reoccurrence.

Evidence acquisition:

We conducted a search in PubMed with a focus on reports involving secondary stroke prevention.

Results:

This review discusses the etiologies of stroke and addresses the evidence for optimal therapies for secondary stroke prevention. We review recent clinical trials that will serve as an aid to the neuro-ophthalmologist in practice to determine the best next step in management and when to consider further referral to a stroke specialist.

Conclusions:

The optimal treatment to prevent stroke recurrence is determined by the etiology of stroke. After stroke workup, patients will typically be placed on proper medical therapy for the appropriate duration in addition to counseling on lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk of recurrent strokes. For complex patients, it is reasonable for providers to consider patient referral to stroke specialists for further aid in selection of appropriate medical therapy.
Common resources-resource bundling-performance: the mediating role of resource bundling in container terminal operations
Authors: Laksmana Teddy , Shee Himanshu , Thai Vinh V.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Building on the resource-based view (RBV) perspective of common resources, the objective of this paper is to empirically examine the impact of container terminals' common resources (i.e. government support and terminal resources) on resource bundling strategies and subsequent effect on service performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Using cross-sectional survey data collected from a sample of 216 respondents of Indonesia's container terminals, this study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypothesised relationships between common resources, resource bundling strategies and service performance.

Findings

Government support and terminal resources (personnel and physical), both as sources of common resources when bundled effectively, are found to have positive and significant effect on terminal service performance. The resource bundling strategies fully mediate the relationship between container terminals' common resources and service performance.

Practical implications

The study introduces the notion of common resources to container terminal managers in contrast to the valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable (VRIN) types. It is recommended that appropriate resource bundling strategies can turn the common resources into VRIN resources that can be used to obtain desired service performance.

Originality/value

RBV theorists suggest that resources that are VRIN types can be the source of competitive advantage. However, the resources can also be common, basic and valuable, a fact that is rarely investigated in the literature. These common resources can be bundled judiciously with other pre-existing resources to create VRIN resources. This research enriches the RBV by empirically validating that VRIN resources are embedded within various common resources bundling strategies.
Negative emotions shape the diffusion of cancer tweets: toward an integrated social network–text analytics approach
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Lee Edmund W.J.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Drawing on the cognitive-functional model of emotions and emotional contagion, the authors aim to examine the role of negative emotions in the diffusion of cancer tweets.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an integrated approach of social network and text analytics, the authors analyzed 142,883 cancer tweets from February to March 2018. The roles of negative emotions, emotional contagion, cancer themes and user influence on the diffusion of cancer tweets were examined.

Findings

Results indicated that cancer tweets expressing negativity and anger diffused more widely, while those expressing sadness or fear were less likely to diffuse. However, contrary to the authors’ expectation, cancer tweets expressing negative emotions (i.e. negativity, anger and fear) were less likely to arouse similar emotions among retweets, thus suggesting that emotions in cancer tweets were not as contagious as they seemed. Finally, user influence was the most important factor explaining the diffusion of cancer tweets, although cancer-related themes (i.e. affective, informative and social) had marginal effects on likelihood of diffusion.

Originality/value

Using a novel integrated social network–text analytics approach, the authors found that to understand cancer tweets' diffusion, it is critical to go beyond examining the content of tweets about cancer and the influence of messengers – the virality of cancer tweets is inextricable from the negative emotions.
Primary care physicians’ identifying abuse of older adults in the small island state of Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Huggins Camille , Modeste-James Akeem , Rouse Jennifer
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine primary care physicians who are in a tenable position to identify signs of abuse in older adults as well as provide an opportunity to safeguard them from abuse. Yet little is known about their clinical decision-making process during a clinic visit to detect abuse of older adults and provide adequate support in the Caribbean.

Design/methodology/approach

Fourteen primary care physicians working in a government operated free clinic were interviewed about their clinical decision-making process, in a narrative analysis format on the small island state of Trinidad and Tobago.

Findings

Primary care physicians expressed lack of knowledge about the primary health-care clinics’ protocols and procedures regarding abuse of older adults. Lack of attendance to educational in-service programs on recognizing and reporting abuse of older adults. A hands-off approach with non-medical abuse issues. Last there is no uniform assessments among the different types of physicians.

Practical implications

Although these findings are among primary care physicians located in Trinidad and Tobago, the context may be applied to primary care settings in other Caribbean islands. Major focus should be geared towards increasing awareness among the public and health-care professionals.

Originality/value

Sparse research on small island states regarding safeguarding policies for older adults who experience abuse.
Impact of information technologies and social networks on knowledge management processes in Middle Eastern audit and consulting companies
Authors: Raudeliuniene Jurgita , Albats Ekaterina , Kordab Mirna
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of information technologies and technology-enabled social networks on the efficiency of knowledge management processes in the Middle Eastern audit and consulting companies.

Design/methodology/approach

Scientific literature analysis, structural equation modeling and expert evaluation (structured questionnaire) were used to develop the research model, collect data from the audit and consulting companies’ experts and test the research hypotheses.

Findings

The empirical results of this research supported the hypotheses stating that information technologies and social networks positively affect the knowledge management cycle, including five processes (acquisition, creation, storage, sharing and application) within the Middle Eastern audit and consulting companies.

Research limitations/implications

The research results were generated from the Middle Eastern audit and consulting companies, which form a limitation concerning the geographical area and the business sector.

Practical implications

From the results of this study, audit and consulting companies, as well as organizations and society broadly, would benefit via the positive effect of information technologies and technology-enabled social networks on the whole knowledge management cycle, which has a further impact on organizational performance. These practical implications are related to a more open, sharing culture that drives organizational performance to the members and stakeholders of organizations, which, in turn, benefits society.

Originality/value

This research analyzes information technologies and technology-enabled social networks’ impact on knowledge management processes, particularly in the context of the Middle Eastern audit and consulting companies. While the phenomena have received some attention in the prior scientific research, the studied context so far remained under-researched, where a gap is found in studying the knowledge management cycle as a whole.
An analysis of use and performance data aggregated from 35 institutional repositories
Authors: Arlitsch Kenning , Wheeler Jonathan , Pham Minh Thi Ngoc , Parulian Nikolaus Nova
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This study demonstrates that aggregated data from the Repository Analytics and Metrics Portal (RAMP) have significant potential to analyze visibility and use of institutional repositories (IR) as well as potential factors affecting their use, including repository size, platform, content, device and global location. The RAMP dataset is unique and public.

Design/methodology/approach

The webometrics methodology was followed to aggregate and analyze use and performance data from 35 institutional repositories in seven countries that were registered with the RAMP for a five-month period in 2019. The RAMP aggregates Google Search Console (GSC) data to show IR items that surfaced in search results from all Google properties.

Findings

The analyses demonstrate large performance variances across IR as well as low overall use. The findings also show that device use affects search behavior, that different content types such as electronic thesis and dissertation (ETD) may affect use and that searches originating in the Global South show much higher use of mobile devices than in the Global North.

Research limitations/implications

The RAMP relies on GSC as its sole data source, resulting in somewhat conservative overall numbers. However, the data are also expected to be as robot free as can be hoped.

Originality/value

This may be the first analysis of aggregate use and performance data derived from a global set of IR, using an openly published dataset. RAMP data offer significant research potential with regard to quantifying and characterizing variances in the discoverability and use of IR content.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-08-2020-0328
Developing a continuous improvement perspective for subcontractor involvement in the industrialised housebuilding supply chain
Authors: Grenzfurtner Wolfgang , Gronalt Manfred
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to identify those factors, which will improve the collaboration between industrialised housebuilding (IHB) companies and their subcontractors within continuous improvement (CI) programmes. These factors will enhance the supply chain (SC) efficiency and productivity, eliminating obstacles when designing, implementing and managing CI programmes within IHB SC.

Design/methodology/approach

An explorative case study with a mixed-method approach was conducted within an IHB SC. To collect data, participant observation and guided interviews were applied. A stakeholder analysis was conducted to structure their guiding principles. A causal loop diagram (CLD) analysis was used to model the effects on and relationships within a SC and their impact on the involvement of subcontractors.

Findings

The influences on the stakeholders and the guidelines under which they work are defined. Potential conflicts of interest between stakeholders are identified. A CLD is used to model a better understanding of system behaviour impacting on the relationships within the SC and on subcontractor involvement. The results provide a number of factors that need to be considered when designing, implementing and managing a CI programme.

Research limitations/implications

The research suggests better ways to use subcontractors’ specific knowledge of on-site processes such that productivity and efficiency are enhanced. Improvements within the construction supply chain (CSC) will, in the future, not be limited to small improvement gains at company level.

Originality/value

This paper extends the body of knowledge in CSC management by revealing factors important for designing, implementing and managing CI programmes, which enables the successful involvement of subcontractors in CI on SC level.
IT capabilities as a fundamental of electronic government system success in developing countries from users perspectives
Authors: Alshaher Ali
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This study aims to consider the capabilities of information technology as a basing dimension in the success of systems that provide electronic services as an e-government system. This study will focus on the role of IT capabilities in e-government system success by proposing a model based on the integration of the updated DeLone and McLean model is (D&M) with the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology is (UTAUT) model, which includes seven variables, namely, IT capabilities, information quality, system quality, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, perceived support quality and e-government system usage.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual framework was built across a review of the literature and the results of studies of IT capability and e-government systems success has developed the study model. As the causal approach was adopted to test the model of the proposed study. Survey data collected from 765 respondents who use the e-government system in Iraq. Also, a regression approach has been used to test the study model.

Findings

The results revealed that IT capabilities and the factors included in the “the updated (D&M) and (UTAUT) model” as important forecasts in the success of e-government systems. In another word, the proposed model provides managers with a new perspective to deal with the adoption of the e-government system by introducing a new variable “IT capabilities,” to provide decision-makers with a new approach in determining factors of e-government success.

Research limitations/implications

The government must develop their policies in line with e-government services to maximize the benefits accrued from e-government services. Where the main determinants in this study were the age group of the sample and the Arab environment for this study.

Originality/value

This study is the first in Iraq as a developing country and one of the few in e-government that considers IT capabilities as a basing dimension in e-government success by proposing a comprehensive model that sums the factors related to such a relationship. Its value stems from its sample of public users and the support of its proposed framework.
Kirchhoff pre‐stack depth scalar migration in a simple triclinic velocity model for three‐component P, S1, S2 and converted waves
Authors: Bucha Václav
Published: November 2020

Migration of multi‐component elastic data in anisotropic models is difficult and has not been reasonably addressed. Thus we test three‐dimensional ray‐based Kirchhoff pre‐stack depth scalar migration and calculate migrated sections in a simple anisotropic velocity model. We generate ray‐theory seismograms for separate phases of reflected P, S1, S2 and converted waves. The velocity model is composed of two homogeneous layers and one curved interface. The anisotropy of the upper layer is triclinic and the bottom layer is isotropic. We apply a scalar imaging separately to each component of the elementary wave in a single‐layer velocity model with the same triclinic anisotropy as in the upper layer of the velocity model used to calculate the recorded wave field. Results of Kirchhoff pre‐stack depth scalar migration indicate big differences for individual elementary wave components. We observe very good migrated interface for all three components of reflected PP wave, radial component of PS1 converted wave and transversal component of PS2 converted wave. For other components and elementary waves, the migrated interface is imaged, only partially, correctly.
Rearing water microbiomes in white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) larviculture assemble stochastically and are influenced by the microbiomes of live feed products
Authors: Heyse Jasmine , Props Ruben , Kongnuan Pantipa , De Schryver Peter , Rombaut Geert , Defoirdt Tom , Boon Nico
Published: November 2020

The development of effective management strategies to reduce the occurrence of diseases in aquaculture is hampered by the limited knowledge on the microbial ecology of these systems. In this study, the dynamics and dominant community assembly processes in the rearing water of Litopenaeus vannamei larviculture tanks were determined. Additionally, the contribution of peripheral microbiomes, such as those of live and dry feeds, to the rearing water microbiome were quantified. The community assembly in the hatchery rearing water over time was dominated by stochasticity, which explains the observed heterogeneity between replicate cultivations. The community undergoes two shifts that match with the dynamics of the algal abundances in the rearing water. Source tracking analysis revealed that 37% of all bacteria in the hatchery rearing water were introduced either by the live or dry feeds, or during water exchanges. The contribution of the microbiome from the algae was the largest, followed by that of the Artemia, the exchange water and the dry feeds. Our findings provide fundamental knowledge on the assembly processes and dynamics of rearing water microbiomes and illustrate the crucial role of these peripheral microbiomes in maintaining health‐promoting rearing water microbiomes.