bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practice Summaries: American Airlines Uses Should-Cost Modeling to Assess the Uncertainty of Bids for Its Full-Truckload Shipment Routes
Authors: Bailey Michael J. , Snapp John , Yetur Subramani , Stonebraker Jeffrey S. , Edwards Steven A. , Davis Aaron , Cox Robert
Published: April 2011

We used decision analysis to develop a probabilistic model to help American Airlines assess the uncertainty of bid quotes for its full-truckload (FTL) point-to-point freight shipments of maintenance equipment and in-flight service items in the United States. The model reduced the airline's risk of overpaying an FTL supplier.
ANWB Automates and Improves Service Personnel Dispatching
Authors: van Huigenbosch Peter , van de Klundert Joris , Wormer Laurens
Published: April 2011

The Dutch automobile association, Algemene Nederlandse Wielrijders Bond, Royal Dutch Touring Club (ANWB), provides roadside service on request to its nearly four million members. It responds to 1.3 million service requests per year. Historically, ANWB has organized its operational planning process of assigning requests to service personnel based on region; more than 50 planners, working in sometimes hectic environments, assigned the service personnel in real time. However, the association had little knowledge of how its operational planning decisions could affect the performance that its members experience. In a large business process reengineering project, ANWB redesigned its planning processes to use state-of-the-art information technology and operations research techniques. As few as 14 planners, who work at a national level, can now execute the planning processes. Service operations efficiency has improved by 14 percent. Moreover, as new competitors have entered the market, ANWB has been able to retain its high customer-satisfaction ratings and large market share in the consumer roadside-assistance market while adapting its services to market prices.
Optimizing Railway Crew Scheduling at DB Schenker
Authors: Jütte Silke , Albers Marc , Thonemann Ulrich W. , Haase Knut
Published: April 2011

Freight railway crew scheduling consists of generating crew duties for operating trains on a schedule at minimal cost while meeting all work regulations and operational requirements. Typically, a freight railway operation uses thousands of trains and requires thousands of crew members to operate them. Because of the problem's large size, even moderate percentage savings in crew costs translate into large monetary savings. However, freight railway operations are complex, and a crew-scheduling problem is difficult to solve. We describe the development and implementation of crew-scheduling software at DB Schenker, the largest European railway freight carrier. The software is based on a column-generation solution technique. Computational results demonstrate that high-quality solutions can be obtained using reasonable run times, even for large problem instances. We implemented all of DB Schenker's major requirements to ensure that the software is operationally viable. Management also uses this software as a decision support tool for strategic planning.
Book Reviews
Authors: Rand Graham K.
Published: April 2011

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor would be pleased to receive e-mails from those willing to be reviewers, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor.
How to Become a "Relative" of the King: Careers and Hierarchy at the Court of Antiochus III
Authors: Dreyer Boris
Published: April 2011

It has long been held that the Seleucid court hierarchy was created by the dynasty's weak second-century rulers. This article claims that, on the contrary, it was instituted earlier by their stronger predecessors when they faced a pressing need to organize newly conquered territories. They drew in part upon models from elsewhere (Achaemenid and Ptolemaic, especially). As a result, the Seleucid regime acquired long-term robustness, even though its functioning still remained dangerously dependent upon the king himself.
Measures of Difference: The Fourth-Century Transformation of the Roman Imperial Court
Authors: Smith Rowland
Published: April 2011

Compared to its first-to-third century antecedents, the Roman imperial court of the fourth century exhibits markedly distinctive features; certain differences may be judged cosmetic, but others suggest a transformative shift in the court as a social and administrative institution. This discussion focuses on: the applicability to the Late Roman case of an influential generalizing theory of court formation and society, and the partial anticipation of modern "court studies" discourse by Gibbon; the altered social composition and expanded size of the court's personnel, the structural complexity of its bureaucratic apparatus, and their combined transformative effects; the role of purposeful reforms and innovations as drivers of long-term change; Ammianus' perceptions of the transformed court.
Language Between Bodies: A Cognitive Approach to Understanding Linguistic Politeness in American Sign Language
Authors: Roush Daniel R.
Published: April 2011

This article proposes an answer to the primary question of how the American Sign Language (ASL) community in the United States conceptualizes (im)politeness and its related notions. It begins with a review of evolving theoretical issues in research on (im)politeness and related methodological problems with studying (im)politeness in natural signed-language interaction. Because human conceptual systems of abstract notions such as (im)politeness employ cognitive metaphorical mappings and because ASL has strong iconic devices at its disposal, this article reports the results of applying the conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff and Johnson 1980; Lakoff 1987, 1993; Wilcox 2000; Taub 2001; see also Steen 2007 and Steen et al. 2010) to an analysis of ethnographically collected linguistic data. Because conceptualizations of (im)politeness are better understood as part of a broader system of conceptual domains, this article provides a survey of metaphorical (as well as metonymical and image schematic) mappings and their respective linguistic expressions, which constitute ASL's (im)politeness-related system of domains. Also included is a discussion of how this methodological and analytical approach may advance theoretical notions of (im)politeness.
Sign Language Program Structure and Content in Institutions of Higher Education in the United States, 1994-2004
Authors: Cooper Sheryl B. , Reisman Joel I. , Watson Douglas
Published: April 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare important characteristics of sign language programs in institutions of higher education in the United States in 1994 and 2004. Data were collected regarding (a) program structure, (b) program content and resources, and (c) opinions and recommendations of program administrators. Data show that sign language programs have become increasingly accepted and entrenched in American postsecondary institutions. Additionally, data in a variety of categories support the theory that these programs have become more stabilized in terms of leadership and coordination, position within the institution, structure, and standardization of content. This article discusses a ten-year comparative study by the authors. The results of three research questions were published in the American Annals of the Deaf (Spring 2008); this article provides the results of the remaining three research questions.
Rules for Poems in Petronius' Satyrica
Authors: Edmunds Lowell
Published: April 2011

This article takes the form of a thought-experiment that reconstructs Petronius' rules, conscious or unconscious, for the use of poems in the Satyrica . The rule set answers the question of how the poems are used, which is different from the ones addressed by Catherine Connors: why poems?, and Wei-Jong Yeh: what are the poetics of meter? The narratological question of how forces a systematic sorting of the poems and analysis of their functions. For this reason, the rule set provides a framework for the rethinking of various problems that have arisen in the usual interpretation-driven, case-by-case approach to the poems.
What Did It Mean to Act in the Middle Ages?: Elisabeth of Spalbeek and Imitatio Christi
Authors: Njus Jesse
Published: April 2011

The medieval devotional practice of imitatio —the imitation of saints and biblical figures—was arguably a foundational element of medieval acting. Popularized by Saint Francis, who made imitatio a form of public, rather than private, devotion, the practice provided laypersons with access to sacred people and events by allowing anyone to imitate, and therefore participate in, sacred history. This essay focuses on the laywoman Elisabeth of Spalbeek (ca.1246/7–1304), who practiced imitatio Christi —the imitation of Christ—everyday for ten years, enacting a violently physical portrayal of Christ's Passion in which she portrayed both the holy and wicked characters. She performed despite being an invalid, ostensibly due to divine possession that enabled her to perform while in trance. Philip, the abbot of Clairvaux, witnessed Elisabeth's performance and wrote a detailed description that sanctions her divine possession, while employing theatrical terminology taken from the rubrics of liturgical dramas to describe her actions. Elisabeth's performance connects medieval acting to devotional practice, demonstrating that the techniques and motivations of acting in vernacular religious dramas drew from the practice of imitatio .
Rigor and Relevance in NDM: How to Study Decision Making Rigorously With Small Ns and Without Controls and (Inferential) Statistics
Authors: Lipshitz Raanan
Published: April 2011

The purpose of this paper is to address concerns regarding the absence or lax of rigor in qualitative naturalistic decision making (NDM) studies. The paper argues that concerns regarding the rigor of NDM's qualitative studies are largely irrelevant, as they are typically conceptualized consistent with the quantitative/experimental paradigm. To redress this category mistake (discussing entity A in terms appropriate to a qualitatively different entity B; Ryle, 1949), the paper (a) conceptualizes rigor inclusively as “the disciplined application of reason to subjects related to knowledge and/or communication” (Allende, 2004); (b) differentiates this broad conceptualization into a substantive facet that is common to all paradigms (i.e., the judicious selection and application of methods in order to maximize the probability of producing trustworthy answers to the study's questions under the constraints imposed by its context) and a technical facet (the strict application of correct or prescribed methods) that admits paradigm-specific distinctions; and (c) based on this conceptualization, presents a set of appropriate guidelines for optimizing and evaluating the rigor of theoretical and empirical studies that is appropriate for inquiry-guided NDM qualitative studies.
Dream Analysis: Korngold, Mendelssohn, and Musical Adaptations in Warner Bros.' A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935)
Authors: Platte Nathan
Published: April 2011

In his first film score, Erich Wolfgang Korngold adapted the works of Felix Mendelssohn so that the music seemed to interact and respond with the visual editing of the film, A Midsummer Night's Dream (Warner Bros., 1935). By detailing the facets of this unusual production, which range from Korngold's presence on the set to the publicity department's efforts to spotlight Mendelssohn's music and Korngold's arrangements, I argue that the score for Dream played an important role in elevating film music and film composers within the hierarchy of Hollywood production and publicity. Not only was the Mendelssohn-Korngold score given greater consideration during the film's making, but also audiences were reminded to listen to the film's music, a facet rarely acknowledged in other contemporaneous publicity drives. Importantly, these changes were effected and rationalized through the self-conscious foregrounding of the music, principles, and rhetoric of nineteenth-century Romanticism. Documents at the Warner Bros. Archive reveal how the confluence of these factors not only established the unusual tenor of Korngold's career within the Hollywood studio system but also helped construct the film composer's public image as an incongruously independent artist working within an otherwise collaborative medium.
Tumor-induced osteomalacia
Authors: Chong William H , Molinolo Alfredo A , Chen Clara C , Collins Michael T
Published: April 2011

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare and fascinating paraneoplastic syndrome in which patients present with bone pain, fractures, and muscle weakness. The cause is high blood levels of the recently identified phosphate and vitamin D-regulating hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). In TIO, FGF23 is secreted by mesenchymal tumors that are usually benign, but are typically very small and difficult to locate. FGF23 acts primarily at the renal tubule and impairs phosphate reabsorption and 1α-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, leading to hypophosphatemia and low levels of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D. A step-wise approach utilizing functional imaging (F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and octreotide scintigraphy) followed by anatomical imaging (computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging), and, if needed, selective venous sampling with measurement of FGF23 is usually successful in locating the tumors. For tumors that cannot be located, medical treatment with phosphate supplements and active vitamin D (calcitriol or alphacalcidiol) is usually successful; however, the medical regimen can be cumbersome and associated with complications. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and provides guidance in evaluating and treating these patients. Novel imaging modalities and medical treatments, which hold promise for the future, are also reviewed.
Sonic hedgehog supplementation of oocyte and embryo culture media enhances development of IVF porcine embryos
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Tan , Lo Neng-Wen , Chuang Sing-Ping , Jian Ya-Lan , Ju Jyh-Cherng
Published: April 2011

We investigated the expression of sonic hedgehog (SHH) receptor PTCH1 and its co-receptor smoothened (SMO) in fertilized porcine embryos. Effects of exogenous SHH on embryonic development and expressions of survival- and pluripotency-related genes were also determined. We found that PTCH1 and SMO are expressed from two-cell to blastocyst embryos. When oocytes or fertilized embryos were respectively cultured in the maturation or embryo culture medium supplemented with SHH (0.5 μg/ml), their blastocyst rates and total cell numbers increased (P<0.05) compared with the untreated control. When cultured simultaneously in thein vitromaturation (IVM) andin vitroculture (IVC) media supplemented with SHH, the oocytes gained increased blastocyst rates and total cell numbers in an additive manner, with reduced apoptotic indices (P<0.05). Interestingly, SHH treatment did not affect the expression of theBCL2L1(BCL-XL) gene, yet reducedBAXexpression. Blastocysts cultured with various SHH regimes had similar pluripotency-related gene (POU5F1(OCT-4) andCDX2) expression levels, but blastocysts derived from SHH treatment during IVM had higherZPF42(REX01) expression (P<0.05). The highestZPF42expression was observed in the blastocysts derived from SHH-supplemented IVC and from dual IVM and IVC treatments. The levels of acetylated histone 3 (AcH3K9/K14) increased in the two-cell and the four-cell embryos when IVM and/or IVC media were supplemented with SHH (P<0.05). Our findings indicate that SHH conferred a beneficial effect on preimplantation development of porcine embryos, particularly when both IVM and IVC media were supplemented with SHH, and the effects may be further carried over from IVM to the subsequent embryonic development.
Associations between Hours Worked, Symptoms and Health Resource Utilization among Full‐time Male Japanese Workers
Authors: Sato Keiko , Yamazaki Shin , Hayashino Yasuaki , Takegami Misa , Tokuda Yasuharu , Takahashi Osamu , Shimbo Takuro , Hinohara Shigeaki , Fukui Tsuguya , Fukuhara Shunichi
Published: April 2011

Associations between Hours Worked, Symptoms and Health Resource Utilization among Full‐time Male Japanese Workers: Keiko Sato, et al. Department of Epidemiology and Health Care Research, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University—

Objectives

To investigate the association between hours worked, symptoms experienced, and health resource utilization.

Methods

Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of households in Japan. We studied full‐time male workers aged 18–65 yr who worked 100 h or more per month. First, we examined the association between hours worked and symptoms experienced. Second, we examined the association between hours worked and the type of health resource utilized, such as physician visits, over‐the‐counter (OTC) medication use, dietary supplement use, and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) provider visits. We used a multivariable negative binominal model in each analysis.

Results

Of the 762 male workers, 598 reported experiencing symptoms at least once a month. We categorized participants based on the number of hours worked per month (h/mo): 100–200 h/mo, 201–250 h/mo, and over 250 h/mo. Compared with those working 201–250 h/ mo, those working 100–200 h/mo had more frequent physician visits (rate ratio:1.67, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.38) and those working over 250 h/mo had significantly lower rates of CAM provider visits and tended to use dietary supplements for symptoms. Participants who worked 201–250 h/mo used OTC medication most frequently. No significant association was observed between the number of hours worked and number of symptoms experienced.

Conclusions

The more hours worked by full‐time male workers, the more likely they were to use health resources that had a lower time requirement. Greater attention should be paid to patterns of health resource utilization among workers and their consequent Influence on long‐term health status.
ALD of Al2O3 for Carbon Nanotube vertical interconnect and its impact on the electrical properties
Authors: Chiodarelli Nicolo’ , Delabie Annelies , Masahito Sugiura , Kashiwagi Yusaku , Richard Olivier , Bender Hugo , Cott D. J. , Heyns Marc , De Gendt Stefan , Groeseneken Guido , Vereecken Philippe M.
Published: April 2011

Because of their superior electronic properties and bottom-up growth mode, Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) may offer a valid alternative for high aspect ratio vertical interconnects in future generations of microchips. For being successful, though, CNT based interconnects must reach sufficiently low values of resistance to become competitive with current W or Cu based technologies. This essentially means that CMOS compatible processes are needed to produce dense CNT shells of extremely high quality with almost ideal contacts. Moreover, their electrical properties must be preserved at every process step in the integration of CNT into vertical interconnect structures. In this work this latter aspect is analyzed by studying the changes in the electrical characteristics when encapsulating CNT into different oxides. Oxide encapsulation is often exploited to hold the CNT in place and to avoid snapping during a polishing step. On the other hand, oxide encapsulation can influence the properties of the grown CNT which are directly exposed to possibly harmful oxidative conditions. Two different deposition techniques and oxides were evaluated: Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) of SiO2 (reference) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 in less aggressive oxidizing conditions. The two processes were transferred to CNT interconnect test structures on 200mm wafers and electrically benchmarked. The CNT resistance was measured in function of the CNT length which allows the extraction and individual distinction of the resistive contributions of the CNT and the contacts. It is shown that the encapsulating SiO2 deposited by CVD degrades the resistance of CNT by altering their quality. Directions for future improvements have been identified and discussed.
As espécies neotropicais da família Simuliidae Schiner, 1864 (Diptera-Nematocera): I. Simulim (Eusimulium) orbitale Lutz, 1910, Simulium (Eusimulium) pintoi n. sp. e Simulium nigrimanum MACQUART, 1837, sp. inquirendae
Authors: d'Andretta M. A. Vulcano , d'Andretta Júnior C.
Published: April 2011

Os AA. iniciam com o presente trabalho uma série de publicações com o fim de rever as espécies neotropicais da família Simuliidae. Fazem a revisão bibliográfica, a redescrição do macho, fêmea, pupa, larva, e elegem os neótipos de S. (E) orbitale LUTZ, 1910. Descrevem S. (E.) pintoi n. sp. de macho, fêmea, pupa e larva; consideram S. nigrimanum MACQ., 1837 como sp. inquirendae.
Estudos anatômicos e histológicos sôbre a subfamília Triatominae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae): Parte XXI. Estudo comparado do sistema traqueal em Triatoma, Panstrongylus e Rhodnius
Authors: Lacombe Dyrce
Published: April 2011

É feito um estudo comparado do sistema traqueal nos Triatomíneos. Notou-se que os ramos traqueais secundários apresentam diversidades quanto quanto ao número e à disposição topográfica das traquéias, inclusive quando se tratando de um mesmo exemplar. Neste trabalho é descrito o método de infiltração de corantes, segundo GAEBLE, e modificado por nós quando adaptado a uma bomba de vácuo. Os troncos traqueais principais permanecem inalteráveis, seguindo uma disposição comum e já descrita em Triatoma infestans. Porém, devido as modificações encontradas nos ramos secundários acreditamos que êste sistema não devea ser considerado para, juntamente com outros caracteres, diferenciar o indivíduo. O estudo anatômico do sistema traqueal nos gêneros Triatoma (T. vitticeps, T. maculata, T. brasiliensis, T. sordida), Panstrongylus (P. megistus) e Rhodnius (R. prolixus) é sempre correlacionado com o sistema traqueal de Triatoma infestans. É aproveitada a ocasião para se observar com maiores detalhes a disposição das traquéias em alguns órgãos. Em Triatoma vitticeps notou-se o sistema traqueal em relação aos tubos de Malpighi; em Triatoma brasiliensis o sistema em relação as gônadas e, finalmente, em Panstrongylus megistus as traquéias em relação ao aparelho digestivo, massa ganglionar nervosa situada no tórax e, também, gônadas femininas.
Catálogo sistemático dos pólens das plantas arbóreas do Brasil Meridional: XVIII - Malvaceae
Authors: Barth Ortrud Monika
Published: April 2011

Na presente parte do Catálogo de Pólens do Sul do Brasil, forma estudadas 18 espécies da família MALVACEAE. Seus grãos de pólen apresentam características morfológicas relacionadas aos gêneros, tendo em comum as superfícies cobertas por espinhos bem desenvolvidos, mas de formas variáveis. Os grãos são esferoidais prolato-esferoidais, sendo 3- e 4-colporados para as espécies de Abutilon e Bastardiopsis, 4- e 5-colporados para Malvastrum e pantoporados para Hibiscus, Pavonia, Peltaea e Sida. Segundo a morfologia polínica, é feita uma relação filogenética dos gêneros. Uma chave final para a identificação das espécies estudadas resume as características morfológicas do pólen destas.
Controle do mofo-branco com palhada e Trichoderma harzianum 1306 em soja
Authors: Görgen Claudia Adriana , Silveira Neto Américo Nunes da , Carneiro Luciana Celeste , Ragagnin Vilmar , Lobo Junior Murillo
Published: April 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da cobertura vegetal com palhada de Brachiaria ruziziensis, da aplicação de Trichoderma harzianum 1306 e da interação entre esses métodos na redução da densidade de inóculo de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, na incidência de mofo-branco e na produtividade da soja. As avaliações foram realizadas entre 2006 e 2008 em Jataí, GO, em lavoura comercial, com média de 136,08 escleródios do patógeno m-2. Em março e outubro de 2006, foram aplicados 0, 0,5, 1 e 1,5 L ha-1 do inóculo de T. harzianum 1306 (2x10(9) esporos viáveis mL-1) em parcelas cultivadas com e sem B. ruziziensis. Após dessecação da braquiária com glifosato (2,5 L ha-1) e plantio da soja 'M-Soy 6101' sobre 10,1 Mg ha-1 de palhada, verificou-se redução de 98% de apotécios. Nos tratamentos com palhada e 0,5 e 1 L ha-1 de T. harzianum, verificou-se 72,1 e 84,1% de escleródios parasitados a mais, respectivamente. Em 2006/2007, o rendimento da soja 'M-Soy 6101' foi inversamente proporcional à população de apotécios por metro quadrado, porém 7,6% menor nos tratamentos com palha. Na safra 2007/2008, a incidência da doença em soja 'M-Soy 7908' foi menor nas parcelas com palhada e 0,5 e 1 L ha-1 de T. harzianum 1306, aplicados apenas no ano anterior. O biocontrole com T. harzianum 1306 em campo e uso da palhada de B. ruziziensis é eficiente e viável para o controle do mofo-branco da soja em áreas de Cerrado.
Desempenho de índices quantitativos de seca na estimativa da produtividade de arroz de terras altas
Authors: Fernandes Diego Simões , Heinemann Alexandre Bryan , Paz Rosidalva Lopes Feitosa , Amorim André de Oliveira
Published: April 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a intensidade e a ocorrência de seca pelo uso de índices quantitativos, e avaliar a relação entre esses índices e os dados da série histórica da produtividade ajustada do arroz de terras altas da microrregião de Goiânia, GO. O ajuste da série histórica foi realizado para minimizar os efeitos da variabilidade climática da região e dos avanços tecnológicos sobre a produtividade. Foram avaliados os seguintes índices: severidade de seca de Palmer (PDSI); Z de Palmer (Z-index); o de anomalia de chuva (RAI); e o padronizado de precipitação (SPI). Os índices de seca foram analisados com uso da correlação de Pearson, número e frequência de ocorrência da seca e percentual de acerto dos índices em relação à produtividade ajustada. O RAI quantificou o maior número de eventos extremos de seca, enquanto o PDSI não estimou nenhum caso. O Z-index apresentou o maior percentual de acerto, em relação às variações ocorridas na produtividade ajustada. Em períodos com variações da produtividade ajustada maior que 300 kg ha-1, Z-index, RAI e SPI apresentaram 78, 78 e 67% de percentuais de acerto, respectivamente. O Z-index teve o melhor desempenho na estimação da produtividade ajustada de arroz de terras altas.
Evaporação da água na superfície do solo em sistemas de plantio direto e preparo convencional
Authors: Dalmago Genei Antonio , Bergamaschi Homero , Krüger Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi , Bergonci João Ito , Comiran Flávia , Heckler Bruna Maria Machado
Published: April 2011

Este trabalho teve por objetivos quantificar a evaporação da água na superfície do solo, em plantio direto e em preparo convencional, e avaliar o uso de microlisímetros de pesagem para medir esse processo. As medições foram feitas em campo, nos verões de 2001/2002, 2002/2003 e 2004/2005, em experimentos irrigados e não irrigados. Utilizaram-se delineamentos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repetições, cujos tratamentos consistiram de sistemas de manejo do solo â€“ plantio direto e preparo convencional â€“, e a presença ou ausência de cultivo de milho. Mediu-se a evaporação diária durante períodos de secagem do solo, entre precipitações ou irrigações consecutivas. Em experimentos sem irrigação, a evaporação acumulada foi maior sob plantio direto, na maioria dos períodos de medição, independentemente da presença da lavoura de milho. Nos experimentos com irrigação, a evaporação não apresentou diferenças regulares entre sistemas de manejo de solo. Normalmente, no início dos períodos de medição, com dois a cinco dias de secagem do solo, a evaporação foi maior em solo sob preparo convencional, tendo-se tornado maior em plantio direto, no restante do período de secagem. O emprego de microlisímetros de pesagem é eficiente para medir a evaporação na superfície do solo.
Exigências térmicas e estimativas do número de gerações de ortézia dos citros criadas em limão-cravo
Authors: Neves Ademir Diniz , Haddad Marinéia de Lara , Zério Neide Graciano , Parra José Roberto Postali
Published: April 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as exigências térmicas para o desenvolvimento de ortézia dos citros (Praelongorthezia praelonga) e estimar o número de gerações por ano nos municipios de Bauru, Barretos, São José do Rio Preto, Bebedouro, Avaré, Araraquara, Itapetininga e Limeira, no Estado de São Paulo. Para a determinação da duração das fases de ovo e ninfa, e de suas exigências térmicas, criaram-se insetos em mudas de limão-cravo (Citrus limonia) a 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30 e 32ºC, umidade relativa de 70±10% e fotofase de 14 horas. A duração das fases de desenvolvimento e do ciclo biológico (ovo-adulto) foi afetada pela temperatura, tendo sido maior nas temperaturas mais baixas. O limiar térmico inferior de desenvolvimento (Tb) e a constante térmica (K) para as fases ovo, ninfa e período ovo-adulto foram 6,16ºC e 398,40 graus-dia (GD), 12,10ºC e 374,50 GD, e 10,28ºC e 735,29 GD, respectivamente. Com base nas médias de temperatura do ar dos diferentes municípios avaliados, o número de gerações por ano varia de 4,99 a 6,60.
Diarréia em bezerros da raça Nelore criados extensivamente: estudo clínico e etiológico
Authors: Oliveira Filho José P. , Silva Daniel P.G. , Pacheco Marcelo D. , Mascarini Luciene M. , Ribeiro Marcio G. , Alfieri Amauri A. , Alfieri Alice F. , Stipp Danilo T. , Barros Breno J.P. , Borges Alexandre S.
Published: April 2011

A diarréia é considerada uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade de bezerros neonatos. Foram colhidas 100 amostras fecais diarréicas e 30 amostras não diarréicas (grupo controle), de bezerros Nelore com até nove semanas de idade com o objetivo de detectar os enteropatógenos Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, rotavírus, coronavírus, Cryptosporidium spp. e ovos de helmintos. Enteropatógenos foram detectados em 79,0% das amostras diarréicas e em 70,0% das amostras não-diarréicas. No grupo de bezerros com diarréia, E. coli (69,0%) foi o agente mais freqüentemente isolado, seguido de Cryptosporidium spp. (30,0%), coronavírus (16,0%) e rotavírus (11,0%). No grupo controle, E. coli, Cryptosporidium spp. e coronavírus foram detectados, respectivamente, em 66,7%, 10,0% e 3,3% das amostras. Salmonella spp. e ovos de estrongilídeos não foram encontrados nos dois grupos avaliados. A fímbria K99 foi identificada exclusivamente nas linhagens de E. coli isoladas de bezerros com diarréia (5,8%). Entre os antimicrobianos avaliados "in vitro" a enrofloxacina, a norfloxacina e a gentamicina foram os mais efetivos. O peso dos bezerros aos 210 dias de idade não apresentou diferença significativa entre os animais com e sem diarréia.
Influence of the bipartite scrotum on the testicular and scrotal temperatures in goats
Authors: Machado Júnior Antonio A.N. , Miglino Maria A. , Menezes Danilo J.A. , Assis Neto Antonio C. , Leiser Rudolf , Silva Ricardo A.B. , Carvalho Maria A.M.
Published: April 2011

The influence of the scrotal bipartition and of the year period on the scrotal-testicular thermal regulation was evaluated in male goats raised in Piaui State, Brazil. Eighteen male goats at mating age were accomplished in this study and arranged into three Groups (6 animals each) obeying the classification as goats presenting no scrotal bipartition (Group I), goats showing scrotal bipartition at 50% of the testicular length (Group II), and goats with more than 50% of scrotal bipartition (Group III). The scrotal, testicular and spermatic funiculi temperatures were evaluated invasively with the aid of a digital thermometer and non-invasive with a pyrometer in the proximal, medial and distal portion. The data were acquired during the dry (October-November) and rainy (February-March) period of the year, measured in two shifts: morning (6h00-7h00) and afternoon (14h00-15h00). The results were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) following the SNK test for average comparison (p<0.05). The year period interfered on the scrotal-testicular thermal regulation, due to increased temperatures of the scrotal, testicular and spermatic funiculi during the dry period in comparison with the rainy period. The bipartition level was also a factor which contributed to the influence of scrotal-testicular temperature regulation, due to lower average scrotal-testicular temperature rates observed during both periods in the goats with higher levels of scrotal bipartition (>50%). It is possible to conclude that with the experimental conditions applied on this study, the level of scrotal bipartition and the climatic conditions interfere with the scrotal-testicular thermal regulation in goats.
Doença tremorgênica em ruminantes e equídeos no semiárido da Paraíba
Authors: Pessoa Clarice R.M. , Medeiros Rosane M.T. , Pessoa André F.A. , Dantas Antônio F.M. , Oliveira Odaci F. de , Riet-Correa Franklin
Published: April 2011

Descrevem-se oito surtos de uma doença tremorgênica em bovinos, ovinos, equinos e muares na região do Cariri, semiárido da Paraíba. Sete surtos aconteceram de julho a dezembro de 2007, com maior frequência entre setembro e outubro. Outro surto foi observado em fevereiro de 2008. Todos os surtos ocorreram no período da seca. Os sinais observados foram tremores musculares, hipermetria, ataxia, aumento da base de sustentação, constante estado de alerta e, em alguns casos, decúbito. Quando retirados das pastagens os animais recuperavam-se em 3-4 dias a duas semanas, porém quando retornavam ao pasto de origem adoeciam novamente. Um ovino foi necropsiado e não foram observadas lesões macroscópicas ou microscópicas. Em seis propriedades a doença ocorreu em cultivos de palma invadidos por gramíneas e em duas em áreas de caatinga desmatada invadidas pelas mesmas gramíneas. Diversas gramíneas, incluindo Digitaria bicornis, Enteropogon mollis, Chloris virgata e Chloris barbata foram encontradas nos piquetes onde ocorreu a doença. Dois equinos foram alimentados por sete dias com gramíneas secas provenientes de fazendas onde haviam acontecido surtos da doença. Um dos equinos apresentou sinais leves da doença no quinto dia de ingestão, mas recuperou-se no dia seguinte. Esses resultados sugerem que a doença está associada à ingestão de alguma gramínea, possivelmente Chloris spp. Relatos anteriores mencionam a ocorrência de uma intoxicação semelhante, entre 1956 e 1962, no Agreste Pernambucano, em pastagens de Chloris orthonothon.
IgM e IgG como marcadores da infecção transplacentária por Neospora caninum em fetos bovinos
Authors: Cadore Gustavo C. , Vogel Fernanda S.F. , Sangioni Luis Antonio , Pena Hilda F.J. , Gennari Solange M.
Published: April 2011

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em 260 amostras de soro coletadas de fetos bovinos de julho de 2007 a março de 2008, em abatedouro do município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para detecção de anticorpos anti-N. caninum, a técnica de imunofluorescência indireta foi utilizada tanto para a detecção de imunoglobulinas G e M. Amostras com títulos e" 25 foram consideradas positivas. Das 260 amostras testadas, 15% (39/260) foram positivas para anticorpos anti-N. caninum. Destas, em 38 (97,4%) foi detectada a presença de IgG anti-N. caninum e em seis (15,4%) de IgM. Em cinco amostras (12,8%) detectaram-se ambos, IgG e IgM. Os resultados reafirmam a habilidade do N. caninum em determinar infecção fetal. A pesquisa de IgM foi de limitada importância na detecção da infecção via transplacentária em soro fetal bovino.
Efeitos do Foscarnet sobre a infecção pelos herpesvírus bovino tipos 1 e 5 em coelhos
Authors: Dezengrini Renata , Silva Sara C. da , Weiss Marcelo , Oliveira Mauro S. de , Traesel Carolina K. , Weiblen Rudi , Flores Eduardo F.
Published: April 2011

O efeito antiviral do Foscarnet (PFA) foi demonstrado anteriormente em células de cultivo infectadas com três herpesvírus bovino (BoHV). No presente estudo, investigaram-se os seus efeitos sobre a infecção e doença causadas pelo BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 em coelhos infectados experimentalmente. Coelhos inoculados com o BoHV-5 pela via intraconjuntival (IC) e tratados com o PFA (100mg/kg/dia) a partir do dia 1 pós-inoculação (pi) apresentaram uma redução nos títulos de vírus excretados entre os dias 2 e 6 pi em comparação com o grupo não-tratado; essa diferença foi significativa no dia 3 pi [F(9,108) = 2,23; P<0,03)]. Os coelhos inoculados com o BoHV-5 e tratados com o PFA apresentaram uma redução significativa nos índices de morbidade e mortalidade (95,4% [21/22] nos controles; 50% [11/22] nos tratados; [P<0,0008]). Em coelhos inoculados com o BoHV-1 pela via IC, o tratamento com o PFA resultou em redução nos títulos de vírus excretados, entre os dias 1 e 4, e 6 e 7 pi. Esses animais apresentaram um período de incubação mais curto e um curso clínico mais longo comparando-se com o grupo controle não tratado (P<0,005 e P<0,04, respectivamente). O PFA também reduziu a freqüência e severidade da doença ocular nos coelhos inoculados com o BoHV-1. Esses resultados demonstram que o PFA possui atividade frente ao BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 in vivo e são promissores para o uso desse fármaco em terapias experimentais das infecções herpéticas dos animais domésticos.
Records of performance and sanitary status from a dairy cattle herd in southern Brazil
Authors: Cruz Cláudio E. F. , Raymundo Djeison L. , Cerva Cristine , Pavarini Saulo P. , Dalto André G. C. , Corbellini Luís G. , Driemeier David
Published: April 2011

Over the last decades, the emphasis on the health of dairy cows has changed from an individual to a herd level. In this scenario, the role played by the recording system and its interpretation by veterinarians has gained primordial importance. The records of productive and reproductive performance and of sanitary status from a southern Brazilian dairy cattle herd have been presented and discussed. The period of study was 2000-2009. Mean values per lactation period were 349D 8436M 290F 275P 201SCS (D: days in lactation, M: kg of milk yield, F: kg of fat, P: kg of protein and SCS: somatic cell score in 1000 cells/ml of milk). Major indexes of reproductive efficiency included age at first calving (31 months), services per conception (2.1), intercalving interval (428 days), calving to conception interval (146 days), mean annual rates of parturitions (76.2%), fetal losses (9.8-19.0%), and stillbirths (3.6%), apart of voluntary waiting period (94 days). Main information on sanitary status of the herd was associated with the mean prevalence of common disorders of dairy cattle such as anaplasmosis (29.8%), mastitis (27.8%), digital diseases (26.3%), ovarian cysts (21.3%), placental retention (19.7%), postpartum uterine infections (10.6%), and calf diarrhea (23.7%) and pneumonia (16.8%), among others. In addition, culling reasons (low reproductive performance [56.3%] and udder/mastitis problems [33.6%]), causes of cattle deaths (anaplasmosis [16.4%] and leukosis [11.4]), and the impact of cattle diseases such as tuberculosis, leukosis, and neosporosis on the herd have also been presented and succinctly discussed. Numbers between brackets represent rates accumulated in the 10-year period.
Perfil sorológico, viremia e eliminação do circovírus suíno tipo 2 em animais naturalmente infectados pertencentes a granjas com ou sem a síndrome da refugagem multissistêmica
Authors: Pinto Flávia F. , Gerber Priscilla F. , Oliveira Túlia M.L. , Borges Iara A. , Lobato Zélia I.P.
Published: April 2011

Um estudo virológico e sorológico seccional (E1) e outro longitudinal (E2) foram realizados em granjas com (G2 e G3) e sem (G1) a síndrome de refugagem multissitêmica (SRM) no Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue, soro, swabs nasal e retal de animais de cada categoria do ciclo produtivo: porcas, leitões maternidade, creche, recria e terminação. Em E1, nas granjas G1a e G2, foram amostrados 40 animais de cada categoria. Em E2, nas granjas G1b e G3, 35 leitões na maternidade foram identificados e amostrados ao longo do ciclo produtivo. O soro foi avaliado para presença de anticorpos contra circovírus suíno tipo 2 (CVS2) e sangue e swabs para presença do ácido nucléico viral. Em E1, a categoria porcas possuía altas taxas de animais virêmicos e soropositivos, com porcentagem de porcas com títulos altos superior a G2. Em G1a a queda de imunidade passiva ocorreu entre o final da fase de creche e início da recria com aumento da eliminação viral em swabs e subsequente soroconversão. Em G2 a queda ocorreu entre a fase final da maternidade e início da creche, com diminuição da eliminação viral. Em E2, a queda da imunidade materna ocorreu entre a 1ª e 2ª coleta em G1b; e em G3, entre a 2ª e 3ª coleta. Em ambas as granjas, a queda de imunidade passiva coincidiu com o aumento da viremia e eliminação viral e a soroconversão ocorreu entre a 3ª e 4ª coleta em ambas as granjas com aumento da média de título de anticorpos e declínio da viremia. Viremia e eliminação viral foram detectadas em todas as coletas realizadas; 42% dos animais amostrados em E2 foram virêmicos em todas as coletas e todas as amostras de tecido coletadas no abate foram positivas para o CVS2. Este estudo confirma a persistência da viremia mesmo em presença de altos títulos de anticorpos e que o perfil sorológico em um rebanho com e sem a presença da síndrome pode ser diferente, principalmente em relação à duração da imunidade passiva.
Paixão, democracia e deliberação em Hobbes e Walzer
Authors: Leivas Cláudio R. C.
Published: April 2011

O artigo examina a relação entre paixão, democracia e deliberação no pensamento de Hobbes e no de Walzer. São apresentadas as razões pelas quais esses dois pensadores posicionam-se de forma crítica no concernente às deliberações no âmbito de governos democráticos. A relação entre razão e paixão é também examinada no interior do problema central de nosso estudo comparativo.
A teoria kantiana do respeito pela lei moral e da determinação da vontade
Authors: Esteves Julio
Published: April 2011

Este artigo tem por objetivo examinar uma tensão existente no interior da teoria kantiana do respeito pela lei moral. Originalmente, na Fundamentação, o respeito é concebido por Kant como um mero efeito ou subproduto da imediata determinação da vontade pela lei moral. Na segunda Crítica, contudo, Kant parece conceder um papel mais positivo ao respeito, dando a ele a tarefa de enfraquecer a influência exercida pelas inclinações, o que contaria como uma promoção da influência da lei moral sobre a vontade. Buscaremos mostrar que essa alteração na teoria kantiana do respeito é inteiramente devida a uma concessão a um difundido modelo de determinação da vontade que é de inspiração humiana. Além disso, buscaremos mostrar que esse modelo humiano tem de ser completamente abandonado, porque ele se choca tanto com a concepção refletida de Kant sobre motivação moral quanto com sua concepção refletida sobre a determinação da vontade pelas inclinações.
Retratos em diálogo: notas sobre o documentário brasileiro recente
Authors: Mesquita Cláudia
Published: April 2011

O artigo aborda quatro filmes biográficos brasileiro recentes - Santiago (2007), de João Salles, Acácio (2008), de Marília Rocha, Pan-cinema permanente (2008), de Carlos Nader (sobre Waly Salomão) e Vida (2008), de Paula Gaitán (sobre Maria Gladys) - e procura compreender um movimento dialógico e reflexivo semelhante que os caracteriza. Analisa-se, sobretudo, a estrutura do diálogo e os modos como as obras se põem a contar a história do personagem retratado, tecendo urdiduras entre memória individual e história pública, entre os arquivos e as imagens tomadas no presente da filmagem.
Efficiency evaluation of a small number of DMUs: an approach based on Li and Reeves's model
Authors: Mello João Carlos Correia Baptista Soares de , Clímaco João Carlos Namorado , Meza Lidia Angulo
Published: April 2011

This paper deals with the evaluation of Decision Making Units (DMU) when their number is not large enough to allow the use of classic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models. To do so, we take advantage of the TRIMAP software when used to study the Li and Reeves MultiCriteria DEA (MCDEA) model. We introduce an evaluation measure obtained with the integration of one of the objective functions along the weight space. This measure allows the DMUs joint evaluation. This approach is exemplified with numerical data from some Brazilian electrical companies.
A study of professional mobility in a large corporation through cognitive mapping
Authors: Gomes Luiz Flávio Autran Monteiro , Rangel Luís Alberto Duncan , Jerônimo Rogério Lúcio
Published: April 2011

Decisions which are made by executives in large corporations regarding professional mobility cause changes to both their personal and professional lives. This research was carried out with the aim of creating the structuring of a professional mobility problem through the use of a decision support tool, the cognitive mapping. Through the use of this tool, a decision making structure for professional mobility was developed, taking into consideration some important aspects of this process. The cognitive mapping proposed here was a problem structuring tool which leads decision makers to a greater understanding of the problem, giving them support towards good decision making in professional mobility. Through the research carried out it was possible to identify the principal factors which lead these professionals to a professional mobility decision which is as coherent and consistent as possible with the subjective aspects of their professional reality.
Decision analysis for the exploration of gas reserves: merging todim and thor
Authors: Gomes Carlos Francisco Simões , Gomes Luiz Flávio Autran Monteiro , Maranhão Francisco José Coelho
Published: April 2011

This article approaches the problem of selecting the non-dominated alternative for the destination of the natural gas reserves in the Mexilhão field in the Santos Basin, Brazil. Major aims of the case study reported here were to create a mechanism for assisting in the process of analyzing and selecting the best options for the destination of natural gas, and to enable the decision agent to choose the investment options best aligned to the expectations and objectives observed in the company strategies. The decision analysis employed in the study made use of the TODIM method and the THOR multicriteria decision support system. The application of both demonstrated that a decision analytic framework can be extremely useful when recommending options for upstream projects, owing to the fact that it can clearly identify the most important alternatives in the face of the scenarios tested and in relation to the criteria expressed.
A multiagent simulator for supporting logistic decisions of unloading petroleum ships in habors
Authors: Brito Robison Cris , Tacla Cesar Augusto , Arruda Lúcia Valéria Ramos de
Published: April 2011

This work presents and evaluates the performance of a simulation model based on multiagent system technology in order to support logistic decisions in a harbor from oil supply chain. The main decisions are concerned to pier allocation, oil discharge, storage tanks management and refinery supply by a pipeline. The real elements as ships, piers, pipelines, and refineries are modeled as agents, and they negotiate by auctions to move oil in this system. The simulation results are compared with results obtained with an optimization mathematical model based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Both models are able to find optimal solutions or close to the optimal solution depending on the problem size. In problems with several elements, the multiagent model can find solutions in seconds, while the MILP model presents very high computational time to find the optimal solution. In some situations, the MILP model results in out of memory error. Test scenarios demonstrate the usefulness of the multiagent based simulator in supporting decision taken concerning the logistic in harbors.