bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New insight into the analgesic recipe: A cohort study based on smart patient-controlled analgesia pumps records
Authors: Song Yiyan , He Qiulan , Huang Wenzhong , Yang Lu , Zhou Shaopeng , Xiao Xiaoyu , Wang Zhongxing , Huang Wenqi
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) has been widely used; however, regimen criteria have not yet been established. In China, the most often used opioid is sufentanil, for which repeated doses are a concern, and empirical flurbiprofen axetil (FBP) as an adjuvant. We hypothesized that hydromorphone would be a better choice and also evaluated the effectiveness of FBP as an adjuvant.

Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals in China and included 12,674 patients using hydromorphone or sufentanil for IV-PCA between April 1, 2017, and January 30, 2021. The primary outcome was analgesic insufficiency at static (AIS). The secondary outcomes included analgesic insufficiency with movement (AIM) and common opioid-related adverse effects such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and dizziness.

Results: Sufentanil, but not the sufentanil-FBP combination, was associated with higher risks of AIS and AIM compared to those for hydromorphone (OR 1.64 [1.23, 2.19], p < 0.001 and OR 1.42 [1.16, 1.73], p < 0.001). Hydromorphone combined with FBP also decreased the risk of both AIS and AIM compared to those for pure hydromorphone (OR 0.74 [0.61, 0.90], p = 0.003 and OR 0.80 [0.71, 0.91], p < 0.001). However, the risk of PONV was higher in patients aged ≤35 years using FBP (hydromorphone-FBP vs. hydromorphone and sufentanil-FBP vs. hydromorphone, OR 1.69 [1.22, 2.33], p = 0.001 and 1.79 [1.12, 2.86], p = 0.015).

Conclusion: Hydromorphone was superior to sufentanil for IV-PCA in postoperative analgesia. Adding FBP may improve the analgesic effects of both hydromorphone and sufentanil but was associated with an increased risk of PONV in patients <35 years of age.
A full-length transcriptome and gene expression analysis of three detoxification gene families in a predatory stink bug, Picromerus lewisi
Authors: Li Wenhong , Wang Xinyi , Jiang Po , Yang Mingwei , Li Zhimo , Huang Chunyang , He Yueping
Published: October 2022

The predatory stink bug P. Lewisi shows potential for Integrated Pest Management programs for controlling Lepidoptera pest insects in crops and forests. The importance of this insect for biological control has stimulated several studies into its biology and ecology. However, P. lewisi has little genetic information available. In the present study, PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and Illumina RNA-seq sequencing technologies were used to reveal the full-length transcriptome profiling and tissue-specific expression patterns of P. lewisi. A total of 12,997 high-quality transcripts with an average length of 2,292 bp were obtained from different stages of P. lewisi using SMRT sequencing. Among these, 12,101 were successfully annotated in seven public databases. A total of 67 genes of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, 43 carboxylesterase genes, and 18 glutathione S-transferase genes were identified, most of which were obtained with full-length ORFs. Then, tissue-specific expression patterns of 5th instar nymphs were analyzed using Illumina sequencing. Several candidate genes related to detoxification of insecticides and other xenobiotics as well as the degradation of odors, were identified in the guts and antennae of P. lewisi. The current study offered in-depth knowledge to understand the biology and ecology of this beneficial predator and related species.
Dynamic changes in virus-induced volatiles in cotton modulate the orientation and oviposition behavior of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Nebapure Suresh M. , Shankarganesh Karuppan , Rajna Salim , Naga Kailash Chandra , Pandey Dheerendra , Gambhir Shubham , Praveen Koovalamkadu Velayudhan , Subramanian Sabtharishi
Published: October 2022

Manipulation of insect vector behavior by virus-induced plant volatiles is well known. But how the viral disease progression alters the plant volatiles and its effect on vector behavior remains less explored. Our studies tracked changes in volatile profile in progressive infection stages of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) infected plants and their effect on B. tabaci behavior. Significant differences in virus titers were noticed between progressive infection stages showing distinct symptoms. Whiteflies initially settled on CLCuV infected plants, but their preference was shifted to healthy plants over time. GC-MS analysis revealed subtle quantitative/qualitative changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between the healthy and selected CLCuV infection stages. VOCs such as hexanal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (+)-α-pinene, (−)-β-pinene, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (+)-sylvestrene, and (1S,2E,6E, 10R)-3,7,11,11-tetramethylbicycloundeca-2,6-diene (Bicyclogermacrene) were associated with the infection stage showing upward curling of leaves; (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, β-myrcene, β-ocimene, and copaene were associated with the infection stage showing downward curling. Validation studies with eight synthetic VOCs indicated that γ-terpinene elicited attraction to B. tabaci (Olfactometric Preference Index (OPI) = 1.65), while β-ocimene exhibited strong repellence (OPI = 0.64) and oviposition reduction (66.01%–92.55%). Our studies have demonstrated that progression of CLCuV disease in cotton was associated with dynamic changes in volatile profile which influences the behavioural responses of whitefly, B.tabaci. Results have shown that VOCs such as (+)-α-pinene, (−)-β-pinene γ-Terpinene, α-guaiene; 4- hydroxy- 4 methyl-2- pentanone and β-ocimene emitted from Begomovirus infected plants could be the driving force for early attraction and later repellence/oviposition deterrence of B. tabaci on virus-infected plants. The findings of this study offer scope for the management of whitefly, B. tabaci through semiochemicals.
The protective effect of 17 β-estradiol on human uterosacral ligament fibroblasts from postmenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Xie Ting , Guo Dan , Guo Tao , Zhu Yapei , Li Fangyuan , Zhang Sumei , Lang Jinghe , Sun Zhijing
Published: October 2022

This study aims to explore the protective effects of 17 β-estradiol on the human uterosacral ligament fibroblasts (hUSLFs) under static or stretched conditions. The experiments were performed on hUSLFs derived from pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and non-POP patients. Fibroblasts were cultured after collagenase digestion and identified by morphological observation and immunocytochemical methods. 17 β-estradiol (10−10 M and 10−9 M) and mechanical stress induced by the FX-5000 T-cell stress loading system under a loading strain of 1/2 sin waveform uniaxial cyclic stress with a tensile strain of 20% and a frequency of 0.5 Hz were either or both applied on hUSLFs. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8, and cell apoptosis and death were detected using Annexin V/7-AAD staining and flow cytometric analysis. We found that the fibroblasts growth rate of POP patients was significantly lower than controls. The cell apoptosis and death rate increased as the mechanical load intensifying. After 20% mechanical stretching for 24 h, the dead cell rate was higher in POP than control. Notably, 17 β-estradiol treatment reversed mechanical stress induced hUSLFs apoptosis and death in both POP and Control cells. The protein and mRNA levels of anti-apoptotic PARP1 (poly-ADP-ribose polymerase) and Bcl-2 were increased by estrogen treatment. Meanwhile, expression of estrogen receptor α, a target of Poly-ADP-Ribosylation of PARP1, was also enhanced by 17 β-estradiol under the mechanical load. In conclusion, estrogen application ameliorates the mechanical strain induced cell apoptosis and death in hUSLFs from POP patients. PARP1 might be involved in this protective process, providing novel insights into the mechanical biology of and possible therapies for POP.
Radiovesicolomics-new approach in medical imaging
Authors: Stępień Ewa Ł. , Rząca Carina , Moskal Paweł
Published: October 2022

This review introduce extracellular vesicles (EVs) to a molecular imaging field. The idea of modern analyses based on the use of omics studies, using high-throughput methods to characterize the molecular content of a single biological system, vesicolomics seems to be the new approach to collect molecular data about EV content, to find novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets. The use of various imaging techniques, including those based on radionuclides as positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), combining molecular data on EVs, opens up the new space for radiovesicolomics—a new approach to be used in theranostics.
Impact of climate change on agricultural production; Issues, challenges, and opportunities in Asia
Authors: Habib-ur-Rahman Muhammad , Ahmad Ashfaq , Raza Ahsan , Hasnain Muhammad Usama , Alharby Hesham F. , Alzahrani Yahya M. , Bamagoos Atif A. , Hakeem Khalid Rehman , Ahmad Saeed , Nasim Wajid , Ali Shafaqat , Mansour Fatma , EL Sabagh Ayman
Published: October 2022

Agricultural production is under threat due to climate change in food insecure regions, especially in Asian countries. Various climate-driven extremes, i.e., drought, heat waves, erratic and intense rainfall patterns, storms, floods, and emerging insect pests have adversely affected the livelihood of the farmers. Future climatic predictions showed a significant increase in temperature, and erratic rainfall with higher intensity while variability exists in climatic patterns for climate extremes prediction. For mid-century (2040–2069), it is projected that there will be a rise of 2.8°C in maximum temperature and a 2.2°C in minimum temperature in Pakistan. To respond to the adverse effects of climate change scenarios, there is a need to optimize the climate-smart and resilient agricultural practices and technology for sustainable productivity. Therefore, a case study was carried out to quantify climate change effects on rice and wheat crops and to develop adaptation strategies for the rice-wheat cropping system during the mid-century (2040–2069) as these two crops have significant contributions to food production. For the quantification of adverse impacts of climate change in farmer fields, a multidisciplinary approach consisted of five climate models (GCMs), two crop models (DSSAT and APSIM) and an economic model [Trade-off Analysis, Minimum Data Model Approach (TOAMD)] was used in this case study. DSSAT predicted that there would be a yield reduction of 15.2% in rice and 14.1% in wheat and APSIM showed that there would be a yield reduction of 17.2% in rice and 12% in wheat. Adaptation technology, by modification in crop management like sowing time and density, nitrogen, and irrigation application have the potential to enhance the overall productivity and profitability of the rice-wheat cropping system under climate change scenarios. Moreover, this paper reviews current literature regarding adverse climate change impacts on agricultural productivity, associated main issues, challenges, and opportunities for sustainable productivity of agriculture to ensure food security in Asia. Flowing opportunities such as altering sowing time and planting density of crops, crop rotation with legumes, agroforestry, mixed livestock systems, climate resilient plants, livestock and fish breeds, farming of monogastric livestock, early warning systems and decision support systems, carbon sequestration, climate, water, energy, and soil smart technologies, and promotion of biodiversity have the potential to reduce the negative effects of climate change.
Understanding the determinants for predicting citizens’ travel mode change from private cars to public transport in China
Authors: Sheng Liming , Zhang Leibao
Published: October 2022

Rapid urbanization and motorization have generated increasing social and environmental challenges to the urban transport sector in China, such as traffic congestion, car accidents, air pollution, and global warming. Prioritizing the development of urban public transport system has been adopted as a primary strategy by Chinese government. However, the problems caused by large numbers of private cars are still far from being solved, and the ridership of public transport in China is relatively low. Therefore, the current study proposes a new comprehensive framework by enhancing the norm activation model (NAM) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) with the perceived accessibility to public transport, to better understand the determinants for predicting citizens’ choice of public transport as a sustainable travel mode. An online survey concerning travel mode change was conducted among citizens in Hangzhou, China. Based on 341 valid samples, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to verify the proposed framework. The analytical results confirm that awareness of consequences and subjective norms are the two key constructs for connecting the two theories as a whole. Further, the examination of intention-behavior relationship shows that perceived accessibility to public transport could strengthen the relationship between behavioral intention and actual behavior in using public transport. The findings not only contribute to the development of pro-environmental theories, but also have meaningful implications for governments to develop relevant policies to encourage citizens to use public transport as a sustainable travel mode.
Smartphone addiction and cross-cultural adjustment among overseas Chinese students: The role of emotion regulation beliefs and strategies
Authors: Wanqing Huang , Fenqing Liang , Solodukho Alexander
Published: October 2022

Background

Few studies have focused on the cross-cultural adjustment of Chinese students studying in Belarus with the size of this group increasing in recent years. The current study aimed to map the process of cross-cultural adjustment onto various factors including childhood emotional neglect, emotion regulation beliefs, emotional regulation strategies, and smartphone addiction in the international students. Emotional regulation strategy and emotion regulation beliefs could perform as key parts in adapting into overseas life from social learning perspective. Furthermore, smartphone addiction could precipitate a failed adjustment process.

Materials and methods

A total of 356 Chinese students in Belarus completed a self-administered questionnaire including the Chinese versions of the 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12), sociocultural adaptation scale, mobile phone addiction tendency scale for college students, emotion regulation questionnaire, emotion and regulation beliefs scale, and childhood trauma questionnaire-short form. Correlation analysis, regression analysis and T-tests were used to explore the relationship between the variables. Structural equation modeling was carried out to test the hypotheses for association.

Results

Emotion regulation beliefs of international students mediated the effect of childhood emotional neglect on cross-cultural adjustment through expression suppression and smartphone addiction. While, in another chain mediation model, childhood emotional neglect affected cross-cultural adjustment only through emotion regulation beliefs and smartphone addiction. Cognitive appraisal independently influenced adjustment through smartphone addiction.

Limitations

Limitations include its cross-sectional design and self-reported survey methodology. In the future, we can combine experimental manipulations to explore the mechanisms by which various emotion beliefs act on smartphone addiction and cross-cultural adjustment in different situations.

Conclusion

This study displays the correlation between emotion regulation beliefs to smartphone addiction and cross-cultural adjustment, as well as the harmful effects of childhood emotional neglect; these components should be further addressed in future studies.
English as a foreign language learners’ strategy awareness across proficiency levels from the perspective of self-regulated learning metafactors
Authors: Habók Anita , Magyar Andrea , Molnár Gyöngyvér
Published: October 2022

The previous three decades have seen a growing body of research into language learners’ self-regulated learning (SRL), language learning strategy (LLS) use, and their possible effects on proficiency. This study thus provides insights into the relationship between elementary and low intermediate learners’ perceptions of their self-regulated strategy use in English as a foreign language (EFL) and their attitude to English in relation to their proficiency level. Nine hundred and sixty-six higher proficiency students and 399 lower proficiency students in Year 8 participated in the research. A revised Self-Regulated Foreign Language Learning Strategy Questionnaire (SRFLLSQ), a version of Oxford’s Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), was completed by the participants. Our findings shed light on higher proficiency learners’ significantly higher level of strategy use. Learners at higher levels relied more strongly on their metacognitive strategies, such as planning, organizing and monitoring their cognitive processes. Our analysis also showed a high correlation between the different factors of metastrategy use (metacognitive, meta-affective, metasocial, and metamotivational) and cognitive, affective, social, and motivational strategy use in relation to attitude and proficiency. A path analysis also reinforced our assumption that metafactors significantly determine learners’ proficiency across strategy use and attitude in both higher and lower-level students. The positive contribution of the metastrategies on their corresponding regulated strategy fields appeared to be robust, thus underlining recent LLS research that emphasizes the role of metafactors in the language learning process.
News consumption and green habits on the use of circular packaging in online shopping in Taiwan: An extension of the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Lee Yi-Chih
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is far from over as outbreaks continue to spread around the world. The demand for packaging bags and cartons has also risen sharply in e-commerce shopping and takeaways because consumers have changed their shopping habits during the pandemic. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the factors prompting consumers to accept and use circular packaging when they shop online. From January to February 2022, a total of 373 online questionnaires were completed. The results showed that news consumption positively affected environmental attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and circular packaging behavior intentions. Environmental attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control also affected the intention of circular packaging. Furthermore, news consumption influenced circular packaging behavioral intentions through environmental attitudes and green habits. Developing green habits in people’s daily lives will be of great help in guiding consumers to engage in other sustainable behaviors that are beneficial to life.
Short-term memory and sentence comprehension in Catalan aphasia
Authors: Salmons Io , Muntané-Sánchez Helena , Gavarró Anna
Published: October 2022

The main goal of the present study is to investigate visual and verbal short-term memory side to side with sentence comprehension in Catalan-speaking subjects with aphasia in comparison with subjects without brain damage. We aim to examine whether there are any significant correlations between their performance on short-term memory and comprehension tasks in order to evaluate the hypothesis that linguistic and memory deficits in aphasia are the result of a dysfunction of a common mechanism, usually short-term memory. Eigthy-four control subjects and twelve individuals suffering from different types of aphasia were assessed using the Catalan version of the Comprehensive Aphasia Test (CAT-CAT), which includes one recognition task and two digit and word span tests to evaluate visual and verbal short-term memory, respectively, as well as a sentence-to-picture comprehension task. The results showed that the performance of subjects with aphasia was significantly low on all tasks. Yet, the logistic regression analysis revealed that the magnitude of the differences between the control and experimental group varied across subtests, and that visual short-term memory was better preserved than verbal memory. The results also showed that there were no significant correlations between memory and language comprehension, which rules out the hypothesis that the deficits observed are due to a common underlying mechanism. Individual variation was also observed, specially on memory subtests, which suggest that memory impairments cannot explain the comprehension deficit in aphasia.
Psychometric Properties of the English and Malay Version of the Adapted Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale
Authors: Ahmad Nor Aniza , Praveena Sarva Mangala , Tee Ker Shin
Published: October 2022

The study examines the psychometric properties of the adapted Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (A-SEIS) with 200 undergraduate students at the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Upon the permission, the researchers adapted the original instrument, SEIS by incorporating a new construct which is understanding of emotions and some ability-based items into the perceived emotions construct. The A-SEIS is a mixed (trait and ability) measure EI instrument that aims at assessing four important dimensions of EI, including perception of emotions, utilization of emotions, understanding of emotions, and management of emotions. The study investigated the content validity of the A-SEIS by using the content validity indexing (CVI). Three expert panels translated and back-translated the A-SEIS and rated the degree of relevance of every item based on the four-point scale provided in the content validation form. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) methods were used to explore the underlying structure of the A-SEIS. The general validity testing of the adapted instrument was carried out in the framework of the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach by applying two iterations of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the first approach is the covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM) approach, followed by the partial least squares based SEM (PLS-SEM) using two different software: AMOS and smartPLS. Research findings concluded that the instrument is reliable and valid to be applied in tertiary education settings and future research.
Parent–infant closeness after preterm birth and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study
Authors: Lehtonen Liisa , Lilliesköld Siri , De Coen Kris , Toome Liis , Gimeno Ana , Caballero Sylvia , Tameliene Rasa , Laroche Sabine , Retpap Jana , Grundt Hege , Van Hoestenberghe Marie-Rose , Skene Caryl , Pape Bernd , Axelin Anna ,   on behalf of the Separation, Closeness Experiences in Neonatal Environment (SCENE) research group
Published: October 2022

Background

Preterm birth increases the risk for postpartum depression in both mothers and fathers, calling for strategies to alleviate and prevent depressive symptoms in parents of preterm infants. The aim of this study was to assess the association between early parent-infant closeness and later depressive symptoms among parents of preterm infants. We hypothesized that longer duration of closeness associate with fewer depressive symptoms in both parents.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 23 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from 15 countries in 2018 to 2020. Each unit recruited families with preterm infants aiming to 30 families. The total duration of parents’ presence in the NICU, and separately parent-infant skin-to-skin contact and holding, were measured using a Closeness Diary up to 14  days. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used at discharge and at 4  months corrected age of the infant.

Results

The study included 684 mothers and 574 fathers. The median presence was 469   min (Q1 258 and Q3 1,087) per 24   h for the mothers and 259   min (Q1 100 and Q3 540) for the fathers; mean EPDS scores were 9.2 (SD 5.0) and 6.3 (SD 4.4) at discharge and 6.6 (4.7) and 4.3 (4.2) at 4  months, respectively. Parents’ presence and depressive symptoms varied greatly between the units. Parents’ presence as the total measure, or skin-to-skin contact and holding separately, did not associate with depressive symptoms in either mothers or fathers at either time point (adjusted).

Conclusion

No association was found between the duration of parent-infant closeness in the neonatal unit and parents’ depressive symptoms. The beneficial effects of family-centered care on parents’ depression seem to be mediated by other elements than parent-infant physical closeness. More research is needed to identify the critical elements which are needed to alleviate parents’ depression after NICU stay.
Grandiosity, vulnerability, and narcissistic fluctuation: Examining reliability, measurement invariance, and construct validity of four brief narcissism measures
Authors: Henttonen Pentti , Salmi Juha , Peräkylä Anssi , Krusemark Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2022

Continued interest in the distinction between grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism and the fluctuation between grandiose and vulnerable states has expanded the repertoire of self-report instruments. The present study examined the psychometric properties of four brief narcissism measures [the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-13 (NPI-13), Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS), Super-Brief Pathological Narcissism Inventory (SB-PNI), and the g-FLUX] in a Finnish sample of university students. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the reliability of the NPI-13, g-FLUX, SB-PNI Vulnerability, and two HSNS subfactors (Oversensitivity and Egocentrism). Tests of measurement invariance indicated the NPI-13, SB-PNI Vulnerability, HSNS Oversensitivity, and the g-FLUX perform similarly between males and females and are generally similar between individuals in younger and older age groups. Construct and predictive validity were evaluated by examining relations between narcissism measures and relevant criteria including psychopathology symptoms, self-esteem, well-being, five factor traits, and empathy. Results supported the construct validity of all four measures, while correlational profiles highlighted the convergence between the g-FLUX and measures of both grandiosity and vulnerability. The NPI-13 was most predictive of NPD symptoms, whereas vulnerable narcissism measures were most predictive of psychopathology. Results further establish the psychometric properties of the NPI-13, SB-PNI Vulnerability, HSNS Oversensitivity, Egocentrism, and provide new validation of the g-FLUX.
Sleep health among people with severe mental ill health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a linked UK population cohort study
Authors: Heron Paul N. , Henderson Lisa M. , Crosland Suzanne , Gilbody Simon M. , Johnston Gordon A. , Moriarty Andrew S. , Newbronner Elizabeth , Paterson Alastair , Spanakis Panagiotis , Wadman Ruth , Walker Lauren , Peckham Emily
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Sleep problems are a transdiagnostic feature of nearly all psychiatric conditions, and a strong risk factor for initial and recurrent episodes. However, people with severe mental ill health (SMI) are often excluded from general population surveys, and as such the extent and associates of poor sleep in this population are less well understood. This study explores sleep health in an SMI sample during the COVID-19 pandemic, using multiple regression to identify risk factors, including daily routine, wellbeing and demographics.

Methods

An existing cohort of people with an SMI diagnosis were sampled. Participants were invited to complete a self-report survey about their health and the impacts of COVID-19 and associated public health measures. Sleep duration, efficiency, and quality were measured using items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Results

Two hundred forty-nine adults (aged 21–84 years) completed the survey. Mean sleep duration and efficiency were similar to general population estimates, at 7 h 19 min and 78%, respectively. However, 43% reported “bad” sleep quality that was associated with being younger in age as well as disturbed routine and declined wellbeing. Indeed, 37% reported a disturbed routine during the pandemic.

Conclusions

High estimates of perceived poor sleep quality in the SMI population align with previous findings. Supporting people with SMI to maintain routine regularity may work to protect sleep quality and wellbeing. Future research should more closely examine sleep health in people with SMI, using accessible and scalable measures of objective and subjective sleep, examining longitudinal trends.
Study on HIV/AIDS knowledge, sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, and preventive services among young students in Chongqing, China
Authors: Qing Liyuan , Wang Yunna , Yang Tong , Chen Xinrui , Zhang Meng , Bu Qingqing , Tan Bo , Deng Dan
Published: October 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to describe the HIV/AIDS knowledge, sexual attitudes, and sexual behaviors of young students (14–25 years) in Chongqing, China, and to examine their use of preventive services and related factors.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted with students from 67 schools from December 2019 to June 2021. The chi-square test, non-parametric test to assess the differences between respondents with different characteristics in the above aspects. Additionally, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with the awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge. Confidence intervals without crossover or P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

A total of 31,782 participants were included in the study. A total of 62.62% of the respondents were considered to be aware of basic HIV/AIDS knowledge, including 78.44%, 62.15%, and 52.08% in undergraduate colleges, junior colleges and secondary vocational schools, respectively. In total, 60.96% of males and 29.42% of females accepted premarital sex, 15.49% of males and 6.18% of females reported being sexually experienced, and only 57.18% of the students used condoms every time they had sex. The percentage of condom use among students who were aware of HIV/AIDS knowledge was higher than that among students who were not aware. A total of 85.60% of the students thought they needed HIV/AIDS prevention and control knowledge, and 94.60% thought more health education activities on HIV/AIDS prevention needed to be conducted in schools. Entrance education, lectures or consultation hotlines, WeChat official accounts and other media platforms were rated as the most acceptable HIV/AIDS prevention education methods.

Conclusion

These respondents lacked knowledge about HIV/AIDS, and an increasing number of students show an open attitude toward premarital sex and engage in risky sexual behaviors. It is urgent to enhance and widely disseminate comprehensive HIV/AIDS and sexual health education in multiple formats.
Two-stage valve homogenisation enhances particle dispersion in milk protein concentrates during reconstitution and reduces heat-induced particle aggregation in resultant dispersions
Authors: Hebishy Essam , Le Berre Marianne , Crowley Shane V. , O’Mahony James A.
Published: October 2022

Milk protein concentrates (MPCs) are highly functional ingredients, with high-protein variants increasingly used in numerous applications. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of homogenisation, as part of the rehydration process, on solubility and heat stability of MPC. An 80% protein MPC powder was reconstituted (3% protein, w/v) and homogenised at 50°C using a pilot-scale, two-stage, valve homogeniser at different total pressures of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MPa. Rehydrated samples were analysed for solubility, particle size, protein profile and heat stability (change in particle size distribution on heating in an oil bath at 140°C for 5 min). The results showed a considerable increase in solubility after applying homogenisation at 5 MPa. Homogenisation at pressures of 5–10 MPa reduced particle size of MPC dispersions further, with further increases in pressure having no additional effect. Increased heat stability was observed on increasing homogenisation pressures up to 10 MPa. This work demonstrates the positive impact of homogenisation on particle dispersion in MPCs and identifies a possible link between improved dispersion and heat stability. This would be applied as a strategy in dairy plants to reduce fouling in heat surfaces which suggests a significant economic impact in dairy processing.
Using quantitative data on postural activity to develop methods to predict and prevent cybersickness
Authors: Bailey George S. , Arruda Danilo G. , Stoffregen Thomas A.
Published: October 2022

In this article, we discuss general approaches to the design of interventions that are intended to overcome the problem of cybersickness among users of head-mounted display (HMD) systems. We note that existing approaches have had limited success, and we suggest that this may be due, in part, to the traditional focus on the design of HMD hardware and content. As an alternative, we argue that cybersickness may have its origins in the user’s ability (or inability) to stabilize their own bodies during HMD use. We argue that HMD systems often promote unstable postural control, and that existing approaches to cybersickness intervention are not likely to promote improved stability. We argue that successful cybersickness interventions will be designed to promote stability in the control of the body during HMD use. Our approach motivates new types of interventions; we describe several possible directions for the development of such interventions. We conclude with a discussion of new research that will be required to permit our approach to lead to interventions that can be implemented by HMD designers.
#BodyPositive? A critical exploration of the body positive movement within physical cultures taking an intersectionality approach
Authors: Griffin Meridith , Bailey K. Alysse , Lopez Kimberly J.
Published: October 2022

Feminist activists and critical sport scholars in the global north have advocated for more inclusive representation of bodies and more accessible physical cultures. Body positivity, a contentious movement and concept, has been taken up in various ways by different groups. Some scholars believe it holds power to liberate individuals from patriarchal, neoliberal, capitalist, and colonial ideologies of what constitutes a “good” body. On the contrary, critics assert this movement has been gentrified by white-centered politics. Intersectionality has a similar genealogy as body positivity, with a rich history in Black feminist thought but now considered by many as coopted and whitened. In this article, we trace the rich and divergent legacies of both movements and explore at the structural level how body positivity is represented within physical cultures on Instagram. We use a social-justice oriented intersectionality framework exploring #BodyPositivity and #BodyPositive across a total of 141 posts using reflexive thematic analysis. We organize our findings into four themes: 1) Disclosure-Privilege of Body-Related Journeys; 2) The Absent-Present; 3) Consuming Positivity; and 4) Disrupting Normative Body Positivity Posts. Overall, we found that only certain bodies (and transformations) were visible within the data: those of (now) lean, white, cis-gendered individuals, many of whom were engaged in bodybuilding, and who were sharing their bodily transformation. We observe a remarkable absence of BIPOC, 2S LGBTQAI+, fat/thick/thicc/curvy, older, gender-nonconforming, and/or disabled representations. We also note the myriad ways that body positivity has been commodified and packaged into a product or service for consumption. Lastly, we outline and celebrate the exceptions to this norm where a minority of posts align more closely with the original intentions of the body positivity movement. We conclude with our position on how todointersectionality research, and call on researchers to honor Black feminist origins and rich social justice history in these movements.
Sustainability perspectives for future continuity of mushroom production: The bright and dark sides
Authors: Okuda Yasuhito
Published: October 2022

Mushrooms are now well-known as healthy food ingredients that contain dietary fiber, vitamin D and compounds with numerous health benefits. Its procurement was initially based on the collection of naturally occurring wild mushrooms in the field, which depended on the region. Modern established cultivation techniques have contributed to environmental sustainability through the recycling of forestry and agricultural by-products and have successfully developed into a global industry. Such development of global mushroom production is the “bright” side as circular agriculture. However, the potential environmental and economic benefits in the sustainability of mushroom production have not yet been widely recognized, and its global production trend has stagnated in recent years. Therefore, dissemination activities through international mutual cooperation centered on education including ecology, cultivation science, and nutrition science of mushrooms are indispensable for the development of mushroom production in the future. On the other hand, we also need to urgently identify and address the challenges associated with negative sustainability impacts, or “dark” side, of mushroom production. The adverse effects of spores derived from cultivated mushrooms on the surrounding environment and disposal methods such as used heat-resistant bags and spent mushroom substrates are often neglected. Clarifying such the positive and negative aspects of sustainability in mushroom production and presenting their future prospects should contribute to improving international perceived value and the continuity of mushroom production.
Repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak during posterior thoracolumbar surgery using paraspinal muscle flap combined with fat graft
Authors: Gao Xianda , Du Peiyu , Xu Jiaxin , Sun Jiayuan , Ding Wenyuan , Yang Da-Long
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study aimed to propose a novel surgical method via combination of fat graft and paraspinal muscle flap, in order to treat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak during posterior thoracolumbar surgery. The clinical outcomes were also evaluated.

Methods

Data of a total of 71 patients who were diagnosed with intraoperative incidental durotomy and CSF leak after posterior thoracolumbar surgery in our hospital form January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Among them, 34 and 37 patients were assigned into conventional suturing (CS) group and fat graft and paraspinal muscle flap (FPM) group, respectively. Patients’ demographic and clinical data were compared between the two groups.

Results

The average drainage tube time in the FPM group was 3.89 ± 1.17 days, which was shorter than that in the CS group (5.12 ± 1.56, P < 0.001). The drainage volume in the FPM group (281.08 ± 284.76 ml) was also smaller than that in the CS group (859.70 ± 553.11 ml, P < 0.001). Besides, 15 (44.11%) patients in the CS group complained of postural headache, which was more than that in the FPM group (7 patients, 18.91%). There was a statistically significant difference in postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score between the two groups (P = 0.013). Two patients underwent revision surgery resulting from incision nonunion and delayed meningeal cyst.

Conclusion

Fat graft combined with paraspinal muscle flap showed to be an effective method to repair CSF leak during posterior thoracolumbar surgery. The proposed method significantly reduced postoperative drainage tube time and postoperative drainage volume. It also decreased the incidence and the degree of postural headache. The proposed method showed satisfactory clinical outcomes, and it is worthy of promotion.
Caveolin-1, GATA-3, and Ki67 expressions and their correlation with pathological findings in canine bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Govoni Verônica Mollica , Pigoli Claudio , Brambilla Eleonora , Ruiz Sueiro Felipe Augusto , Torres Neto Rafael , Laufer-Amorim Renee , Gomes Quitzan Juliany , Grieco Valeria , Fonseca-Alves Carlos Eduardo
Published: October 2022

The bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) represents ~2% of malignant neoplasms in dogs and is a therapeutic challenge in veterinary medicine. Although it is considered the most common bladder cancer in dogs, few previous studies have investigated different markers that correlate with clinical and pathological parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate Caveolin-1, GATA-3, and Ki67 immunostaining in canine UC samples to evaluate their correlations with histopathological variables. Thirty tumor samples were obtained, and Caveolin-1, GATA-3, and Ki67 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and associated with pathological factors by univariate and multivariate analyses. Among the histopathological findings, lymphatic invasion was identified in 53.33% of the tumors, and the mean mitotic count (MC) was 31.82 ± 26.26. Caveolin-1 showed mild-to-high cytoplasmic expression in neoplastic cells, whereas GATA-3 showed mild-to-high nuclear expression. The Ki67 expression revealed a mean of 24.14 ± 16.88% positive cells. In the univariate analysis, no association was found between each marker and the pathological findings. On the other hand, in multivariate analysis, we identified a positive correlation between GATA-3 and MC and a negative correlation between Caveolin-1 and MC. Moreover, lymphatic invasion was positively correlated with histological type and grade, and negatively correlated with MC. In addition, the histological type was positively correlated with the histological grade. Overall, our results indicate that Caveolin-1 and GATA-3 expression could be promising markers for bladder UC aggressiveness.
Evaluation of feedback methods for improved detection of hindlimb lameness in horses among riding instructors and trainers
Authors: Leclercq Anna , Byström Anna , Söderlind Maja , Persson Elisabeth , Rhodin Marie , Engell Maria Terese , Hernlund Elin
Published: October 2022

Lameness, a wellknown issue in sport horses, impedes performance and impairs welfare. Early detection of lameness is essential for horses to receive needed treatment, but detection of hindlimb lameness is challenging. Riding instructors and trainers observe horses in motion in their daily work and could contribute to more efficient lameness detection. In this cross-sectional and prospective study, we evaluated the ability of riding instructors and trainers to assess hindlimb lameness. We also evaluated different feedback methods for improved lameness detection. For the cross-sectional part, n = 64 riding instructors and trainers of varying level and n = 23 high-level trainers were shown 13 videos of trotting horses, lameness degree: 0–3.5 (test 1) and tasked with classifying the horses as sound, left hindlimb lame, or right hindlimb lame. For the prospective part, the riding instructors and trainers of varying levels were randomly allocated to three different groups (a, b, c) and given 14 days of feedback-based, computer-aided training in identifying hindlimb lameness, where they assessed 13 videos (of which three were repeated from test 1) of horses trotting in a straight line. Participants in groups a-c received different feedback after each video (group a: correct answer and re-viewing of video at full and 65% speed; group b: correct answer, re-viewing of video at full and 65% speed, narrator providing explanations; group c: correct answer and re-viewing of video at full speed). After computer-aided training, the participants were again subjected to the video test (test 2). Participants also provided background information regarding level of training etcetera. Effects of participants' background on results were analyzed using analysis of variance, and effects of the different feedback methods were analyzed using generalized estimation equations. On test 1, 44% (group a), 48% (b), 46% (c), and 47% (high-level trainers) of horses were correctly classified. Group a participants significantly improved their test score, both with (p < 0.0001) and without (p = 0.0086) inclusion of repeated videos. For group c, significant improvement was only seen with inclusion of repeated videos (p = 0.041). For group b, no significant improvement was seen (p = 0.51). Although test 2 scores were low, computer-aided training may be useful for improving hindlimb lameness detection.
Prevalences of Parental and Peer Support and Their Independent Associations With Mental Distress and Unhealthy Behaviours in 53 Countries
Authors: Li Lian , Xu Guodong , Zhou Dongsheng , Song Ping , Wang Yucheng , Bian Guolin
Published: October 2022

Objective: Parental and peer support are both associated with mental distress and unhealthy behaviour indices in adolescents.

Methods: We used the Global School-Based Student Health Survey data (n = 192,633) from 53 countries and calculated the weighted prevalence of individual and combined parental and peer support. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted associations between combined parental and peer support with mental distress and unhealthy behaviours.

Results: The prevalence figures for having all four categories of parental support and two peer-support were 9.7% and 38.4%, respectively. Compared with no parental support, adolescents with all four parental support negatively associated with all five mental distress and eight unhealthy behaviours factors, and the ORs ranged from 0.19 to 0.75. Additionally, adolescents with two peer support were negative association with all mental distress and four health risk behaviours, and positively associated with a sedentary lifestyle.

Conclusion: Parental and peer support were lacking in some countries, while greater parental and peer support were negative associated with mental distress and most unhealthy behaviours in adolescents, and the relationships were independent.
A Review on the Development of Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Actuators: Force Model and Application
Authors: Kalita Bhaben , Leonessa Alexander , Dwivedy Santosha K.
Published: October 2022

Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) are soft and flexible linear pneumatic actuators which produce human muscle like actuation. Due to these properties, the muscle actuators have an adaptable compliance for various robotic platforms as well as medical applications. While a variety of possible actuation schemes are present, there is still a need for the development of a soft actuator that is very light-weight, compact, and flexible with high power-to-weight ratio. To achieve this, the development of the PAM actuators has become an interesting topic for many researchers. In this review, the development of the different kinds of PAM available to date are presented along with manufacturing process and the operating principle. The various force models for artificial muscle presented in the literature are broadly reviewed with the constraints. Furthermore, the applications of PAM are included and classified based on the fields of biorobotics, medicine, and industry, along with advanced medical instrumentation. Finally, the needful improvements in terms of the dynamics of the muscle are discussed for the precise control of the PAMs as per the requirements for the applications. This review will be helpful for researchers working in the field of robotics and for designers to develop new type of artificial muscle depending on the applications.