bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newborn screening for sickle cell anemia in Antalya, Türkiye
Authors: Öztürk Zeynep , Küpesiz O Alphan , Karasu Gülsün , Uygun Vedat , Oygür Nihal , Yeşilipek M Akif
Published: January 2024

Background. In a screening study conducted on adults, the prevalence of sickle cell traits in Antalya was found to be 0.24%. Since no screening studies have been conducted in the neonatal period in our region, the exact incidence has not been determined. In this study, we aim to report our experience of neonatal screening for sickle cell disease in Antalya, Türkiye.
Methods. During a 14-month period, 2562 heel prick blood samples, taken on filter paper from Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya Education and Research Hospital and Antalya Atatürk State Hospital and four other healthcare centers, were studied using the high pressure liquid chromatography method. Blood samples were studied using the `Sickle Cell Short Program` test method on a Bio Rad Variant device.
Results. In the study, no patients with sickle cell disease were identified. Four newborns who were sickle cell carriers (0.15%) and two newborns who were Hemoglobin D carriers (0.08 %), were found.
Conclusion. Considering the efficiency and cost calculations made as a result of the data obtained from our study, it was concluded that sickle cell screening would not be effective in newborns. It seems more effective and economical to screen the children of parents, who are found to be at risk for Hemoglobin S carriage as a result of premarital tests.
Choice and switch of biologic drugs in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Şener Seher , Başaran Özge , Batu Ezgi Deniz , Cüceoğlu Müşerref Kasap , Balık Zeynep , Aliyev Emil , Bayındır Yağmur , Bilginer Yelda , Özen Seza
Published: January 2024

Background. In this study, we aimed to evaluate choices and changes of biologic drugs in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients according to disease subtypes.
Methods. We retrospectively analyzed JIA patients who received biologic treatment between January 2004 and July 2022.
Results. Of 294 JIA patients, 80 (27.2%) had systemic JIA, 68 (23.1%) had oligoarticular JIA, 61 (20.7%) had polyarticular JIA, 79 (26.9%) had enthesitis-associated arthritis (ERA), and six (2.1%) had psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Anakinra (n=66, 82.5%) was the most commonly preferred first line biologic in systemic JIA. Etanercept was the most frequently used biologic drug in patients with ERA (n=69, 87.3%), oligoarticular (n=37, 54.4%) and polyarticular JIA (n=43, 70.5%). Adalimumab was used as a first-line biologic drug in all PsA patients (n=6, 100%). One hundred-fourteen patients (38.8%) were switched to second-line and 29 (9.9%) to third-line biologic drugs. While the most common reason for switching to a second-line biologic was difficulty in usage of daily injections (n=37, 60.6%) in systemic JIA patients, it was an inadequate response to first biologics in non-systemic JIA patients (n=42, 79.2%). Side effects were detected in only seven patients (2.4%) during the follow-up.
Conclusion. In this study, we revealed the biologic drug usage and switch strategies in our JIA patients. Good responses were obtained in most of our patients with a reliable profile. However, studies on larger patient groups are needed to clarify these results.
Chest pain in children with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Sunar-Yayla Emine Nur , Şenol Pelin Esmeray , Yıldırım Deniz Gezgin , Söylemezoğlu Oğuz
Published: January 2024

Background. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common and autosomal recessive inherited autoinflammatory disease. The most common signs and symptoms are fever, abdominal pain, chest pain, and arthritis. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, laboratory and genetic differences between pediatric FMF patients with and without chest pain.
Methods. Between January 2006 and January 2022, 1134 patients with FMF were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups including those with and without recurrent chest pain. These groups were compared in demographic, clinical, treatment, and MEFV gene analyses.
Results. A hundred and sixty-two (14.3%) patients had recurrent chest pain. In patients with recurrent chest pain, the age of onset of symptoms was younger (p=0.003), and the family history of FMF was higher (p=0.002). Patients with chest pain had a higher annual attack frequency (p < 0.001), a longer attack duration (p < 0.001), and higher Pras disease activity scores (p < 0.001). The colchicine dose used in the treatment was higher in FMF patients with chest pain (p=0.005), and anti-IL-1treatment was higher (p < 0.001). M694V homozygous mutation was found more frequently (p=0.001), whereas M694V/V726A mutation was found less frequently in patients with recurrent chest pain (p=0.017).
Conclusions. Patients with recurrent chest pain seem to have early onset symptoms, often are more likely to have family history, and have a higher disease severity. In addition, the presence of homozygous M694V mutation is more common in patients with chest pain.
Cardiac Arrest in Patients on Renal Replacement Therapy: The Prevalence, Etiologies and Outcomes
Authors:   9332 Fostoria Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island NY, United States
Published: January 2024

Cardiac arrest represents a significant cause of mortality among patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergoing renal replacement therapy.
Pelatihan Digital Branding untuk Peningkatan Pemasaran Produk UMKM Pemula di Kota Bandung
Authors: Veranita Sindi , Ramdan Ahmad Taufiq Maulana
Published: January 2024

Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak peningkatan visibilitas merek dan akses pasar bagi usaha mikro kecil menengah (UMKM) pemula, penggunaan yang tepat dan efektif dari platform-platform ini memerlukan pemahaman yang baik tentang branding dan strategi pemasaran digital. Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan adalah ceramah, diskusi, dan penugasan membentuk strategi implementasi. Ceramah digunakan untuk menyampaikan materi yang akan diberikan; diskusi untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang tersisa tentang materi; dan penugasan dilakukan dengan menunjukkan kepada peserta contoh cara membuat strategi digital branding. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang bagaimana pelatihan Digital Branding dapat berperan dalam meningkatkan daya saing UMKM pemula, serta memberikan kontribusi pada pemahaman tentang pentingnya literasi digital dalam lingkungan bisnis saat ini.
Pelatihan Search Engine Optimization, Content Marketing, dan Branding untuk Peningkatan Potensi Balai Ekonomi Desa
Authors: Verawati Dian Marlina , Hutajulu Dinar Melani , Erawati Novi
Published: January 2024

Beberapa permasalahan yang dihadapi pengelola Balai Ekonomi Desa (Balkondes) adalah minimnya pengetahuan mengenai strategi pemasaran yang tepat, belum memiliki kompetensi digital marketing yang mumpuni, sehingga berdampak pada omset yang belum sesuai target. Kegiatan pengabdian ini berfokus pada pelatihan search engine optimization (SEO), content marketing, dan branding yang diberikan kepada pengelola Balkondes. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode ceramah, tutorial, dan diskusi. Berdasarkan kegiatan yang telah dilakukan, sebagian besar peserta telah memahami informasi strategi pemasaran digital, tutorial pembuatan SEO, Content Marketing, serta Branding. Peserta juga merasa lebih memahami informasi yang disampaikan secara step by step dengan tutorial dibandingkan hanya dengan ceramah. Peserta memutuskan untuk mendiskusikan branding yang menarik untuk diterapkan di Balkondes. Sehingga diharapkan branding ini dapat menjadi daya tarik dan daya jual yang baik. Tim berharap pelatihan yang disampaikan dapat diterapkan untuk memajukan Balkondes sebagai tujuan wisata yang berdaya tarik.
Pendampingan Penguatan Manajemen Kelompok Tani Kakao di Desa Tegal Maja Lombok Utara
Authors: Ibrahim Isra Dewi Kuntary , Apriani Apriani , Arzani Lalu Danu Prima , Martiningsih Ni Gst Ag Gde Eka , Sumantra I Ketut
Published: January 2024

Desa Tegal Maja di Kecamatan Tanjung Kabupaten Lombok Utara memiliki potensi yang melimpah terdiri dari potensi alam, sumber daya manusia, kelembagaan dan potensi sarana dan prasarana. Sebagian besar penduduk desa Tegal Maja memiliki mata pencaharian sebagai petani. Adapun permasalahan yang dihadapi Kelompok Tani Mitra 1 dan 2 (Patuh Tujuan II dan Buana Karya) adalah: Para petani memasarkan kakaonya masih secara konvensional, belum memanfaatkan kelembagaan melalui kelompok tani, sehingga solusinya adalah memberikan pelatihan manajemen kelompok tani untuk penguatan organisasi kelompok tani serta keberlangsungan usaha, memberikan bimbingan teknis pemasaran produk kakao berbasis Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Bumdes), website desa dan media social, Menjalin kerjasama antar kelompok tani, perangkat desa, pengepul sehingga tercipta sistem pemasaran biji kakao yang saling menguntungkan. Adapun indikator Pencapaian Keberhasilan dalam menerapkan pemasaran modern mencakup tingkat partisipasi petani dalam pelatihan, penggunaan aktif platform digital untuk promosi produk, peningkatan volume penjualan biji kakao melalui platform tersebut, dan hasil survei kepuasan petani dan stakeholder tentang efektivitas pemasaran modern. Kelompok tani terlihat sangat aktif dan partisipatif dari jumlah orang yang menjawab pertanyaan pada soal dengan benar pada saat sebelum melakukan pelatihan dan setelah melakukan pelatihan.
Interaksi Parasosial Sawer pada Live Instagram Bunda Corla
Authors: Friscillia Ageng Pramathika , Vevis Veviane , Nugraha Yosef Rabindanata
Published: January 2024

Studi ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana interaksi dan hubungan parasosial yang terjalin antara para penggemar dengan para selebriti di media sosial. Melalui observasi pada akun media sosial yang dimiliki oleh beberapa selebriti di Indonesia, dan wawancara mendalam yang dilakukan dengan para informan; diketahui bahwa berbagai komentar yang diberikan penggemar merupakan gambaran adanya interaksi parasosial. Sedangkan penggemar yang selalu memberikan komentar pada tiap unggahan idola mereka memperlihatkan adanya hubungan parasosial. Hubungan ini merupakan gambaran kedekatan secara emosional dari para penggemar. Uniknya pada penenelitian ini selain komentar baik dan buruk, pemilik akun @Corla_2 seringkali “disawer” oleh para folowers-nya. Interaksi dan hubungan parasosial di media sosial sangat erat kaitannya dengan konsep hiperrealitas. Semua hal yang berkaitan dengan selebriti tertentu mungkin saja adalah hasil dari rekayasa, bahkan konsep sawer sendiri bisa terdapat tujuan saling menguntungkan satu sama lain, sehingga para penggemar akhirnya akan membentuk identifikasi mengenai selebriti tersebut berdasarkan hiperrealitas atau realitas yang berbeda dengan realitas yang sebenarnya. Keunikan yang dimiliki Bunda Corla jarang dimiliki public figure lainnya. Sikapnya yang polos, jujur, apa adanya, membuat para penggemarnya setia mengikuti live streaming melalui Instagram.
Peran Komunikasi Keluarga dalam Film "Jalan Yang Jauh Jangan Lupa Pulang"
Authors: Ichwani Agnessia , Adiprabowo Vani Dias
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan peran komunikasi keluarga dalam menyelesaikan masalah pada film “Jalan yang Jauh Jangan Lupa Pulang” dengan pendekatan semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan objek penelitian film “Jalan yang Jauh Jangan Lupa Pulang”. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka terhadap film berdasarkan teori. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu kajian isi dan semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, keterbukaan dengan cara pandang yang tepat akan membantu komunikasi dalam keluarga lebih efektif. Aurora yang menyembunyikan masalah dari keluarganya yang jauh di perantauan membuat Aurora berpikir untuk menyelesaikan masalah dengan caranya sendiri. Angkasa dan Awan yang memiliki kekhawatiran pada awalnya hanya bisa menghakimi Aurora tanpa mengetahui penyebabnya. Hingga akhirnya Angkasa dan Awan menyadari keputusan yang diambil Aurora tepat. Setiap anggota keluarga mempunyai peran yang setara dan keputusan akhir ada di tangan anggota keluarga yang dominan. Komunikasi keluarga tidak bersifat mutlak atau muncul dengan sendirinya dalam komunikasi keluarga dapat berubah tergantung situasi.
Penggunaan Media Sosial TikTok oleh Tanoto Foundation untuk Menjangkau Generasi Z
Authors: Muris Dendy , Toroxandy Mirakel Alantaurizqa , Rahmawati Salsabila Dian
Published: January 2024

As a philanthropic foundation, the Tanoto Foundation has unique programs with individual educational development. Teladan is a program that guides the younger generation to create a quality generation and prepare the next generation of leaders. Generation Z is the current generation that Tanoto is focused on. There are challenges in preparing Generation Z as future leaders. Based on the data, generation Z has a low interest in learning. Apart from that, Generation Z prefers social media when looking for information. For this reason, Tanoto is trying to use TikTok social media to facilitate Generation Z to be more interested in education and increase digital literacy for the future. This research seeks to find out how the TANOTO Foundation uses TikTok as an informal educational forum for Generation Z through edutainment content. The research was carried out using a qualitative approach and interview and observation methods as data collection techniques. The research results show that through designing, targeting and producing content with an attractive edutainment concept, Tanoto can reach and attract Generation Z. Edutainment content and the role of the Tanoto Foundation as an agent of change through TikTok can continue to be improved through TikTok social media optimization efforts that focus on engaging and more interactive audiences.Keywords: Philanthropy, Tanoto, Social Media, TikTok
Akuntansi Emak-Emak : Praktik Pengelolaan Dana Arisan Pada Arisan X di Kecamatan Kraksaan
Authors: Sari Juniana Ela , Soleha Rofiatus , Kurrotul Aizah Linda , Dika Purnamasari Kamilia , Zahrani4 Ekkinanti
Published: January 2024

This study aims to find out how the practice of arisan in Kraksaan District. This research was conducted at the X social gathering community in Kraksaan District. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method. The data source used is primary data. Primary data is in the form of data taken directly from the object under study through the results of interviews with relevant informants and an understanding of financial management at the arisan, namely the arisan chairman and several arisan members.
Penghambatan Pencoklatan (Browning) pada Kultur In Vitro Kelapa Sawit menggunakan Beberapa Antioksidan
Authors: Putri Halida Adistya , Handini Aline Sisi , Madusari Sylvia , Sitohang Josua Parulian
Published: January 2024

Teknik perbanyakan secara in vitro atau kultur jaringan mulai diaplikasikan untuk perbanyakan kelapa sawit, yang mana terbukti dapat menghasilkan tanaman kelapa sawit dalam jumlah banyak dengan waktu yang relatif lebih singkat.  Kendala utama saat fase inisiasi tanaman yaitu pencokelatan (browning) yang menyebabkan gangguan fisiologis tanaman sehingga terjadi kematian pada eksplan in vitro. Senyawa antioksidan merupakan senyawa yang dapat menghambat pencokelatan. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mencegah kemunculan browning pada kultur in vitro, namun setiap komoditas yang diuji memiliki senyawa antioksidan yang beragam untuk mendapatkan antioksidan terbaik yang dapat menghambat browning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapat senyawa antioksidan terbaik untuk menghambat bahkan meniadakan terjadinya browning pada fase inisiasi kelapa sawit in vitro.  Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial yaitu perlakuan zat antioksidan menggunakan tiga jenis zat antioksidan yaitu arang aktif (2.5 gL-1), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (2.5 gL-1), dan asam akorbat 100 mgL-1). Data analisis ragam diuji lanjut menggunakan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) untuk data yang berbeda nyata pada taraf 5% dengan software STAR (Statistical Tool for Agriculture Research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan antioksidan terbaik untuk menekan munculnya waktu browning dan intensitas browning adalah PVP sebesar 2.5 gL-1 pada tanaman kelapa sawit in vitro.
Needs Analysis of Tourism Destination Study Program as a New Study Program at Politeknik Negeri Jember
Authors: Kamiliyah NH Uystka Hikmatul , Alfi Hidayatu Miqawati
Published: January 2024

Being a newly established study program, the Tourism Destination Study Program of Politeknik Negeri Jember had several needs to be completed to support the teaching and learning process. This study aimed to determine the needs of the Tourism Destination Study Program to support its teaching-learning process. This study deployed a descriptive qualitative method. The informants of this study were lecturers and students in the Tourism Destination Study Program of Politeknik Negeri Jember. The data were obtained from field observations in the Tourism Destination Study Program, interviews with lecturers and students, and field documentation. The results showed that there were three things needed by the tourism destination study program, including (1) a tourism laboratory or studio in the Tourism Destination Study Program, (2) an integrated field practicum instrument for Tourism Destination Study Program students and, (3) teaching materials to open students' perspectives on service management in the Tourism Destination Study Program of Politeknik Negeri Jember.
Translating a Tourism Booklet Entitled “Booklet Wisata Kabupaten Jember”
Authors: Rohmah Siti Nur , Taufan Gullit Tornado
Published: January 2024

Considering the tourism potentials in Jember, the efforts in promoting the tourism in the area should be done by utilizing any promotional media including tourism booklet. The local government of Jember had published a printed promotional media entitled “Booklet Wisata Kabupaten Jember”. The booklet was written in Indonesian. Therefore, it was essential to translate the booklet into English to attract more visitors to come to Jember especially foreign tourists. In translating the booklet, there were four stages employed including analysis, transfer, restructure, and evaluation and revision. The key and essential parts of current translation were the analysis and evaluation and revision. The writers needed to analyze the source text carefully do to textual and substantial issues. In addition, evaluation and revision were also done by considering the perspective of the target readers. The final product of the translation was an English version of the booklet with the title of “Jember Tourism Booklet: Explore the Beauty of Jember”.
Analysing Child Bullying Case from the Perspective of Media Political Economy and Islamic Communication in Ihya Ulum Al Din by Al Ghazali
Authors: Rokhman Lailiya Nur , Al Mujib Ihwan Huda
Published: January 2024

The rise of child bullying cases has not escaped the media spotlight. News about cases found and their developments grab the attention of the public, especially bullying cases involving minors as perpetrators and victims. Children associated with cases that should have privacy and protection, in reality, become media and public consumption. Bullying cases no longer only focus on the case, but also the privacy of the perpetrators and victims. Responses from various communities have also been in the spotlight. Condemnation and blasphemy against the perpetrators then become their own form of bullying outside the case. One of the cases that caught the public's attention was the bullying case of Audrey, a junior high school student in Pontianak in 2019. The case even went viral and received public support through an online petition with the hashtag #justiceforaudrey. However, it was later discovered that the case was a fabrication made by Audrey after several years of the case going viral. The audience was then made guilty of blaming the alleged perpetrator without seeing the real truth first. Content about bullying cases is then no longer a bridge of information for the public, but also a business field and a place to get public attention. This research aims to dissect how cases of child bullying in the media from the perspective of media political economy and Islamic perspective communication.
La Escuela Militar de Cadetes “General José María Córdova”
Authors: González-Martínez Miguel Antonio
Published: January 2024

El artículo aborda la importancia y la evolución de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes “General José María Córdova” (ESMIC) en Colombia destacando su papel fundamental en la formación de oficiales del Ejército Nacional. Fundada en 1907, la ESMIC ha sido clave en la consolidación de un ejército profesional y moderno. Se analiza la historia de su creación, con especial énfasis en la necesidad de una institución para formar oficiales en el contexto de la Regeneración y la Constitución unitaria de 1886. Además, cabe resaltar la organización académica y la rigurosa formación profesional que brinda la ESMIC; especialmente, en valores éticos, disciplina y servicio desinteresado a la patria. Se resalta la inclusión de mujeres en la institución como un paso significativo en el proceso de modernización de las Fuerzas Armadas (FF. AA.).
La Escuela Militar de Aviación como indicador del proceso de modernización en Colombia
Authors: Domínguez-Cancelado José Fernelly
Published: January 2024

Dadas las condiciones sociopolíticas de la Colombia de comienzos del siglo XX, caracterizada por el aislamiento de buena parte del territorio nacional, desconectado de su capital y con una grave secuela de guerras civiles a lo largo del siglo XIX, que evidenciaban un Estado débil y precario, el proceso de modernización, en todos los ámbitos de la vida republicana, solo pudo abrirse paso a partir de los gobiernos de la República Liberal, desde 1930. El establecimiento definitivo de la Escuela Militar de Aviación (EMAVI) y, con ella, el surgimiento y desarrollo del Poder Aéreo, son indicadores de que la modernización se había abierto paso en Colombia. En el presente artículo se hace un intento de antología de los trabajos de investigación histórica realizados en los últimos siete años, y en los cuales se analizan algunos de los elementos de dicho proceso de modernización, que incluyen el contacto permanente con el mundo desarrollado a través del intercambio de las tecnologías asociadas al vuelo y de la presencia periódica de estudiantes y docentes con las escuelas de aviación más avanzadas. Pero también incluyen la transformación de la antigua Escuela de Aviación en una institución universitaria de alta calidad, con sus propios programas de profesionalización. Estos elementos, entre muchos otros, como el ingreso de las mujeres en calidad de oficiales de curso regular, son considerados indicadores del proceso de modernización que la EMAVI ha liderado en Colombia.
Formar militares para la seguridad y defensa
Authors: Mancera-Perilla María Paula , Rojas-Ortiz Zully Jimena
Published: January 2024

La Fuerza Aeroespacial Colombiana (FAC) ha respondido a los cambios globales mediante la formulación de la Estrategia para el Desarrollo Aéreo y Espacial 2042, buscando consolidarse como una fuerza polivalente e interoperable. En este contexto, la educación militar ha sido fundamental, con la Escuela de Posgrados de la FAC desempeñando un papel crucial. Desde sus inicios, en 1951, la Escuela ha evolucionado, al adoptar, por ejemplo, modalidades virtuales, en 1982, y al obtener reconocimiento como institución de educación superior (IES), en 2002. La Escuela ofrece diversas maestrías, como Ciencias Militares Aeronáuticas, Seguridad Operacional, Logística Aeronáutica y Seguridad Integral, para así contribuir a la formación de líderes y expertos en áreas específicas. La adaptación constante a las demandas del entorno ha llevado a la actualización de planes de estudio, donde se destacan ejes temáticos como Mando y Liderazgo, Poder Aéreo, Espacial y Ciberespacial, y Estudios Militares Fundamentales.
Evolución académica de la Policía Nacional de Colombia
Authors: Cervantes-Estrada Luis Carlos
Published: January 2024

Desde su fundación en 1891, la Policía Nacional de Colombia se ha caracterizado por adaptaciones significativas en su formación. La Escuela de Cadetes de Policía “General Francisco de Paula Santander” (ECSAN) ha desempeñado un papel fundamental en esta transformación, pues ha enfrentado diversos desafíos, desde su refundación en 1950, hasta los actuales relacionados con el narcotráfico y la violencia. También el enfoque académico ha experimentado cambios, al pasar de un énfasis militar a la adopción de modelos pedagógicos modernos basados en competencias. La ECSAN ha implementado programas de formación en Derechos Humanos, resolución de conflictos e inteligencia policial, para adaptarse a la sociedad contemporánea. La institución ha avanzado en la integración de tecnologías educativas y en la creación de un Centro de Alta Tecnología para la Educación Policial. Además, se destaca el Proyecto 100, que busca transformar el perfil educativo de los oficiales enfocándose en valores éticos y habilidades de liderazgo. Sin embargo, persisten hoy por hoy desafíos, como la necesidad de mejorar la formación práctica y la simulación, a fin de preparar a los cadetes para situaciones reales. Como conclusión de este artículo, se destaca la importancia de seguir evolucionando, adaptándose a los cambios sociales y manteniendo altos estándares éticos y de calidad educativa.
Indochinese Refugee Social Assistance Programs in Europe and the United States
Authors: Refuge Editor
Published: January 2024

One of the important functions of Refuge is the analysis and interpretation of key reports on refugees. In the last issue, we informed readers of three important studies On the resettlement of the Indo- Chinese in Canada In this issue we compare three reports, two American and one European, which analyze the as- sistance offered in refugee resettlement.
New species and new stages of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Southern Yungas (Argentina and Bolivia)
Authors: MOLINERI Carlos , ROMERO Fátima , González Juan Cruz , Zúñiga María del Carmen
Published: January 2024

Austral Yungas cloud forest (Southern Bolivia and NW Argentina) is known for its high diversity, steep landscape and low accessibility. Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) species in this ecoregion have been seldom studied. We aim to know its species diversity (based on adult characters) and explore larval characters important for their recognition. We have reared dozens of larvae from different localities and collected adults with light traps. Reared adults and associated larval exuviae were studied, photographed and drawn. We have identified 13 species (based on male aedeagus) and successfully associated larval and adult stages for seven species. In the present paper we describe seven new species: Anacroneuria tafi sp. nov., A. flavinigra sp. nov., A. saican sp. nov., A. triplex sp. nov., A. calilegua sp. nov., A. lutea sp. nov., and A. tupacamaru sp. nov. For six species previously described we present new data and stage descriptions: A. arrazayalensis Orce, A. handlirschi Klapálek, A. reedi (Navás), A. tucuman Stark, A. saltensis Froehlich, and A. chimborazo Stark. Genetic divergence for some of these species was studied using the barcode region of the mitochondrial gene COI. A key to the male adults of all the species of Anacroneuria from Northwestern Argentina is presented.
Larval development of Argia joergenseni (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) at two different latitudes in Argentina
Authors: MÁRQUEZ Javier A. , RODRÍGUEZ José S. , HANKEL Guillermo , MOLINERI Carlos
Published: January 2024

Our aim was to investigate the larval development of Argia joergenseni Ris in three streams located at different latitudes and ecoregions (Yungas and Chaco) in Argentina. We measured the head width and the metathoracic wing sheath length, and classified larvae into five size classes. Our results showed different patterns of larval growth between the three study sites. At the Yungas sites (latitude 26º S), larvae exhibited a high proportion of small individuals throughout the year, suggesting a multivoltine life cycle. In contrast, larvae in the Chaco region (latitude 32º S) showed marked seasonality in growth. The findings indicate a negative correlation between voltinism and latitude in A. joergenseni. The species exhibited an almost continuous flight season in the Yungas, while at the southern limit of its distribution (Chaco), the flight season was limited to the warmest months. This study provides important information on the larval ecology of A. joergenseni, contributing to a better understanding of the dynamics of damselfly communities and facilitating the development of effective conservation measures.
Contribution to the knowledge of larval chaetotaxy of the genus Enochrus Thomson: description of five New World species (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
Authors: ARCHANGELSKY Miguel
Published: January 2024

The primary and secondary chaetotaxy of the larval head capsule and head appendages of five New World species of Enochrus Thomson are described for the first time. These species belong to three subgenera: Enochrus (Hugoscottia) tremolerasi (Knisch), E. (Lumetus) hamiltoni (Horn), E. (Methydrus) barituensis Fernández, E. (Methydrus) ochraceus (Melsheimer) and E. (Methydrus) pygmaeus (Fabricius). Morphometric characters derived from the head capsule and mouthparts are also included, together with detailed illustrations of all characters. A comparative study of the chaetotaxy of four subgenera of Enochrus yields an important number of characters useful to diagnose the larvae of these subgenera, and could be used in future phylogenetic analyses. Several characters showing variation within a subgenus are discussed; additionally, possible diagnostic characters for Enochrus and the subfamily Enochrinae are discussed. The chaetotaxy of two subgenera, Enochrus Thomson and Hydatotrephis MacLeay, still remains unknown, and should be a priority to complete the larval knowledge of the genus Enochrus.
A quetiapina: 3 medicamentos em uma única molécula: uma breve revisão e atualização
Authors: Caixeta Leonardo , Vargas Ciro Mendes , Lucio Yanley , Baldaçara Leonardo , Alfaia Suzy Mara Maia dos Reis , Rabahi Arthur , Caixeta Victor de Melo
Published: January 2024

Introdução: O conhecimento sobre a neurobiologia dos transtornos psiquiátricos tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, da mesma forma que a psicofarmacologia tem gerado novos insights sobre o mecanismo de ação e aplicação de antipsicóticos modernos. Objetivo: A quetiapina se destaca como uma das principais e mais difundidas moléculas do grupo, razão pela qual merece ser mais bem compreendida nos seus vários aspectos, motivo dessa atualização. Método: Conduzimos uma breve revisão e atualização sobre vários aspectos da quetiapina, desde componentes de sua ação farmacológica, efeitos colaterais recentemente descritos, até novas indicações na psiquiatria moderna. Resultados: A molécula quetiapina é muito versátil, tendo amplo espectro de ações e indicações, não se restringindo à sua classe de antipsicótico e extrapolando para situações clínicas como insônia, depressão unipolar e bipolar, transtornos de ansiedade, transtorno de personalidade limítrofe, delirium, abuso de substâncias comórbidas, e outras. A quetiapina tem efeitos hipnóticos em doses baixas, efeitos sobre o humor em doses intermediárias e efeitos antipsicóticos em doses mais altas. Sua segurança na gravidez e amamentação, bem como na infância e em idosos, amplia ainda mais seu conjunto de indicações. Cuidados devem ser tomados com a síndrome de descontinuação e com seus efeitos metabólicos, mas a sedação e o ganho de peso são seus principais efeitos colaterais. Conclusões: A quetiapina se revela uma molécula altamente útil para várias condições psiquiátricas que representam problemas de saúde pública, dada sua prevalência global. Sua segurança e boa tolerabilidade, além de amplo espectro de indicações, a tornam uma molécula promissora para uso desde a atenção básica até cenários clínicos de transtornos psiquiátricos graves e resistentes aos tratamentos convencionais.
Structural and syntactic features of article titles about coronavirus
Authors: Shulzhenko M. Yu.
Published: January 2024

Over the past few years, articles regarding COVID-19 have remained pertinent in various media outlets, the internet and other communication platforms, which has ultimately resulted in the significance of the coronavirus topic not just in medical research, but also in the linguistic realm. Studying headlines of articles about coronavirus poses a challenge for researchers. The issue arises due to the significant role of journalism in influencing public opinion and the readership. Additionally, modern society's fascination with the coronavirus infection and the pandemic complicates the study further. The importance of this study is due to the newness of the subject matter, with limited coverage in scientific literature. The aim of this article is to examine the structural and semantic characteristics of article headings relating to the coronavirus. To achieve this goal, several tasks need to be accomplished. Firstly, it is necessary to identify and analyse the characteristics of the headline as part of the journalistic text, its various types and functions, and its consistency with the content of the article. Secondly, a study must be conducted on the structural and semantic features of the coronavirus-related article headlines. This includes determining the frequency of usage of different structural patterns of simple and complex sentences in both British and Russian publications, and examining the impact of these patterns on the readers' perception of the article's content. According to the research, it was concluded that the title of a publication serves a dual purpose as an independent unit and an essential component of the text. The title has various functions, including graphic-excretory, informative, nominative, and advertising-expressive. It is characterised by its brevity, nominativeness, and written fixity which contribute to its effectiveness.
The linguistic landscape of the Neryungrinsky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): an analysis of bilingual signs of educational institutions
Authors: Vasilieva A. A. , Androsova M. A.
Published: January 2024

According to Article 35 of the Law on Languages of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), state and municipal institutions are required to have official signs for both official languages of the Republic, Yakut and Russian, and for districts densely populated by indigenous northern minorities, for their languages, which are defined by the law as official languages. The aim of this research is to analyse the errors made in translating the official signs of educational institutions in the Neryungrinsky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). To accomplish this objective, the following tasks were carried out: 1. Collecting and sorting photographs of signs of educational institutions; 2. Analysing the source text in Russian, i.e. highlighting the order of presentation of information about the institution; 3. Analysing the translated text, i.e. evaluating the accuracy of the translation and identifying translation errors; 4. Categorising translation errors into five groups: graphic errors, spelling errors, errors in translating abbreviations, word order errors and grammatical errors; 5. Linguistic analysis of the identified errors; 6. Development of the correct version of the translation of the signs. The research uses statistical counting and comparison methods to identify the schemes of presentation of information about institutions on signboards, methods of observation and comparison of signboard texts to develop the most optimal translation option in the presence of several translation options for the same information, and methods of analysis and synthesis to describe translation errors and justify the correct translation option. Practical recommendations in the form of schemes and vocabulary developed in the course of this study are universal and can be applied to other organisations of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); this is the reason for the relevance of the study. The analysis outputs are applicable for training translators at M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, citing the scientific, practical, and linguodidactic potential of this work.
Symbolism of celestial bodies in the poetic text of Anna Akhmatova: moon symbols
Authors: Papsheva G. O. , Golubtsova N. V. , Matveeva O. N.
Published: January 2024

The article reveals the main functions of the symbolism of the moon in the poetry of A. Akhmatova by means of a complex description of direct and secondary (month, moonbeam) names of celestial bodies from the standpoint of functional originality of "cosmism" that existed in the era of Silver Age. The main semantic groups are singled out taking into account cultural and individual-author specificity, the specificity of direct ("moon", "month") and semantically related ("night light", "moon ray") construct of the celestial body are revealed, the individual-author concept of "psychological landscape" acting as a relay of emotions of the lyrical hero is reproduced. The images of celestial luminaries as a purely important component of the national picture of the world, as well as the system of moral and poetic attitudes are substantiating. The nomination of celestial bodies interpret as an interrelation of traditional and poetic perception of the worldview, realised in the works of Anna Akhmatova, a representative of Acmeism. The hypothesis introduces that solar-lunar images are an integral part of Anna Akhmatova's poetry, an important element of "psychology". Akhmatova, an important element of "psychological landscape", metaphorical comprehension of the historical context. Meanwhile, the image of "moon" that is read as a conceptual and semantic unity in several thematic groups and represented by a wide range of lexical units. A comparative analysis of similar and opposite aspects is carried out, the influence of the shape (crescent, disk) and color (green, pink, silver) of the night luminary on the interpretation of mythopoetic representations is determined, individual author's concepts in the interpretation of the negative lunar space, the interrelation of the real and otherworld are substantiated, the idea of ghostliness and illusory nature of what happens at night is actualised. The poetry of Anna Akhmatova distinguishes individual mythopoetic interpretations of the “moon” as an apocalyptic symbol of the mystical otherworldly nature. The statistics of references to the concept "moon" in the poetic text is given. Akhmatova's poetry explores the personal meanings of the concept 'moon', which include it as a background landscape and a symbol of creativity. It says about the fruitfulness of further observations on the interpretation of celestial luminaries and other cosmic objects in Anna Akhmatova's work in the aspect of building an artistic model.
Multistate, polarizable QM/MM embedding scheme based on the direct reaction field method: Solvatochromic shifts, analytical gradients and optimization of conical intersections in solution
Authors: Humeniuk Alexander , Glover William J.
Published: January 2024

We recently introduced a polarizable embedding scheme based on an integral-exact reformulation of the direct reaction field method (IEDRF) that accounts for differential solvation of ground and excited states in QM/MM simulations. The polarization and dispersion interactions between the quantum-mechanical (QM) and molecular-mechanical (MM) regions are described by the DRF Hamiltonian, while the Pauli repulsion between explicitly treated QM electrons and the implicit electron density around MM atoms is modeled with effective core potentials. A single Hamiltonian is used for all electronic states, so that Born-Oppenheimer states belonging to the same geometry are orthogonal and state crossings are well-defined. In this work, we describe the implementation of the method using graphical processing unit acceleration in TeraChem, where it is combined with multiple electronic structure methods, including Hartree-Fock, Time-dependent Density Functional Theory, and Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field. In contrast with older implementations of the DRF method, integrals of the polarization operators are evaluated exactly. Expressions for ingredients needed to construct analytical gradients and non-adiabatic coupling vectors are derived and tested by optimizing a conical intersection between two excited states in the presence of a polarizable solvent shell. The method is applied to estimating the solvent shifts of absorption energies of a series of donor-acceptor dyes having low-lying charge-transfer states. Even for a non-polar solvent such as n-hexane, the inclusion of its static polarizability leads to non-negligible shifts that improve the agreement to essentially quantitative levels (0.03 eV) with full-system calculations. Good agreement with the positions of experimental absorption maxima measured in solution is also observed.
Rational Design of Molecular Glues: Breakthroughs and Perspectives
Authors: An Juzeng , Zhang Xiaojun
Published: January 2024

CRBN is a substrate receptor for the Cullin Ring E3 ubiquitin ligase 4 (CRL4) complex. It has been observed that CRBN can be exploited by small molecules to facilitate the recruitment and ubiquitination of non-natural CRL4 substrates, resulting in the degradation of neo-substrate through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This phenomenon, known as molecular glue induced protein degradation, has emerged as an innovative therapeutic approach in contrast to traditional small-molecule drugs. One key advantage of molecular glues, in comparison to conventional small-molecule drugs adhering to Lipinski's Rule of Five, is their ability to operate without the necessity for specific binding pockets on target proteins. This unique characteristic empowers molecular glues to interact with conventionally intractable protein targets, such as transcription factors and scaffold proteins. The ability to induce the degradation of these previously elusive targets by hijacking the ubiquitin-proteasome system presents a promising avenue for the treatment of recalcitrant diseases. Nevertheless, the rational design of molecular glues remains a formidable challenge due to the limited understanding of their mechanisms and actions. This review offers an overview of recent advances and breakthroughs in the field of CRBN-based molecular glues, while also exploring the prospects for a systematic approach to designing these compounds.
Ultrafast Halogen Dance Reactions Enabled by Catalytic Potassium Hexamethyldisilazide
Authors: Inoue Kengo , Mori Atsunori , Okano Kentaro
Published: January 2024

Lochmann–Schlosser base, a stoichiometric combination of nBuLi and KOtBu, is commonly used as a superbase for deprotonating a wide range of organic compounds. In the present study, we report that catalytic potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS) exhibits higher catalytic activity than KOtBu for successive bromine–metal exchanges. Accordingly, 1–10 mol% of KHMDS dramatically enhances halogen dance reactions to introduce various electrophiles to bromopyridine, bromoimidazole, bromothiophene, bromofuran, and bromobenzene derivatives with the bromo group translocated from the original position. A dual catalytic cycle is proposed to explain the ultrafast bromine transfer.
Martini on the Rocks: Can a Coarse-Grained Force Field Model Crystals?
Authors: Hosseini A. Najla , van der Spoel David
Published: January 2024

Computational chemistry is an important tool in numerous scientific disciplines, including drug discovery, chemical reaction design, materials science, and structural biology. Coarse-grained models offer a simplified representation of molecular systems, that in theory enables efficient simulations of large-scale system. Over the last decade, there has been a considerable increase in the adoption of coarse-grained models for simulations of biomolecular systems. Therefore, critical and independent evaluation of such models is warranted. Here, the properties of crystals of amyloid peptides as well as organic molecules are evaluated using the Martini coarse-grained force field. We investigate whether this force field can accurately maintain the crystal structure of amyloid peptides and organic compounds and predict melting temperatures. The peptide crystals change shape in the simulations, in most cases drastically so. Radial distribution functions show that the distance between backbone beads representing intermolecular hydrogen bonds in β-sheets increases by about 1 ̊A in the simulation, breaking the crystals. In addition, the melting points of organic compounds are much lower in the Martini force field than in either an all-atom force field or experiment. Radial distribution functions for pyridine and phenol at 5 K show that the crystals transition into a glassy state when using Martini. Our results suggest that the Martini 3 model lacks the necessary level of specific interactions to accurately simulate peptide crystals or organic crystals without imposing artificial restraints. We speculate that the problems are exacerbated by the use of the 12-6 Lennard-Jones potential and suggest that a different, softer, potential could prove advantageous in harnessing this model for crystal simulations.
Direct visualization of chemical transport in solid-state chemical reactions by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Pham Sang T. , Tieu Kiet , Sun Chao , Wan Shanhong , Collins Sean
Published: January 2024

Systematic control and design of solid-state chemical reactions is required for modifying materials properties and in novel synthesis. Understanding chemical dynamics at the nanoscale is therefore essential to reveal the key reactive pathways. Herein, we combine focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to track the migration of sodium from a borate coating to the oxide scale during in situ hot corrosion testing. We map the changing distribution of chemical elements and compounds from 50 to 850 °C to reveal how sodium diffusion induces corrosion. The results are validated by in situ X-ray diffraction and post-mortem TOF-SIMS. We additionally retrieve the through-solid sodium diffusion rate by fitting measurements to a Fickian diffusion model. This study presents a step-change in analysing microscopic diffusion mechanics with high chemical sensitivity and selectivity, a widespread analytical challenge that underpins the defining rates and mechanisms of solid-state reactions.