bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atrial natriuretic peptide serum concentration decreases in donors undergoing discontinuous plasmapheresis involving a large extracorporeal blood volume
Authors: Karger Ralf , Halbe Monika , Giffhorn‐Katz Susanne , Katz Norbert , Kretschmer Volker
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND: In donor plasmapheresis, circulatory reactions occur at a similar frequency as in whole‐blood donation although the large extracorporeal blood volume (ECV) occurring during discontinuous plasmapheresis might predispose donors to hypovolemic reactions. The regulatory mechanisms compensating for this intradonation blood volume (BV) deficit are not well understood. It was the aim of this study to delineate whether atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is involved in the BV regulation of plasmapheresis donors. Because ANP regulates volume overload, it might decrease during BV decrease in plasmapheresis.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: ANP serum concentrations were determined in 60 donors undergoing discontinuous plasmapheresis. Samples were taken before the start of the procedure and when maximum ECV (ECVmax) was reached at the end of the last withdrawal. Donors were randomly selected after stratification for sex and BV. In a control investigation, the same donors were kept in a reclined position for the duration of a plasmapheresis session without plasma withdrawal. ANP plasma concentration changes were correlated with changes of hemodynamic variables, which were recorded noninvasively with bioelectrical impedance cardiography.

RESULTS: Median ANP concentration decreased from 13.0 to 8.4 pg per mL during donation and from 11.6 to 10.5 pg per mL during the control session. The mean control‐adjusted ANP change due to plasma withdrawal was −2.62 pg per mL (p = 0.006). This decrease was not attributable to a dilution effect. ANP change did not correlate with changes of recorded hemodynamic variables.

CONCLUSION: The decrease of the ANP serum concentration during plasmapheresis demonstrates that the ECVmax constitutes a hypovolemic challenge of the donors, which elicits a neurohormonal regulatory mechanism aimed at maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis.
Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation Post‐Cavotricuspid Isthmus Ablation in Patients with Typical Atrial Flutter: Left‐Atrial Size as an Independent Predictor of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence
Authors: ELLIS KEITH , WAZNI OUSSAMA , MARROUCHE NASSIR , MARTIN DAVID , GILLINOV MARC , McCARTHY PATRICK , SAAD EDUARDO B. , BHARGAVA MANDEEP , SCHWEIKERT ROBERT , SALIBA WALID , BASH DIANNA , ROSSILLO ANTONIO , ERCIYES DEMET , TCHOU PATRICK , NATALE ANDREA
Published: June 2007

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter often coexist. The long‐term occurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients presenting with atrial flutter alone is unknown. We report the long‐term follow‐up in patients who underwent cavotricuspid isthmus ablation for treatment of lone atrial flutter.

Methods and Results: Between January 1997 and June 2002, 632 patients underwent cavotricuspid isthmus ablation for the treatment of typical atrial flutter at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Three hundred sixty‐three patients were included in this study and followed for a mean duration of 39 ± 11 months. The mean duration of atrial flutter symptoms was 12 ± 5 months. Mean left‐atrial size and left‐ventricular ejection fraction were 4.2 ± 0.8 cm and 47 ± 13%, respectively. After a mean follow‐up time of 39 ± 11 months, 13% (48 of 363) of the patients remained in sinus rhythm. Five percent (18 of 363) of patients experienced recurrence of atrial flutter only. Sixty‐eight percent (246 of 363) experienced the onset of atrial fibrillation and 14% (51 of 363) experienced recurrence of atrial flutter and the new onset of atrial fibrillation. Overall, 82% (297 of 363) of the patients experienced new onset of drug refractory atrial fibrillation. Left‐atrial size was a predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence post‐atrial flutter ablation.

Conclusion: At long‐term follow‐up, approximately 82% of patients post‐cavotricuspid isthmus ablation for atrial flutter developed drug refractory atrial fibrillation. This finding suggests that elimination of atrial flutter might delay, but does not prevent, atrial fibrillation. Evidence suggests both arrhythmias may share common triggers and such patients may derive a better long‐term benefit from anatomical ablative treatment of atrial fibrillation as well.
Radiofrequency Ablation of Infarct Scar‐Related Ventricular Tachycardia: Correlation of Electroanatomical Data with Post‐Mortem Histology
Authors: KOA‐WING MICHAEL , YEN HO SIEW , KOJODJOJO PIPIN , PETERS NICHOLAS S. , DAVIES D. WYN , KANAGARATNAM PRAPA
Published: June 2007

Introduction: Histological data after VT ablation in humans is rare. We present a case of a patient who had ablation for VT storm and who died remotely from non‐arrhythmic causes.

Methods and Results: A 69‐year‐old male with ischemic cardiomyopathy and a dual‐chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) presented with VT storm and multiple ICD therapies. A voltage map of the left‐ventricular (LV) scar was created using CARTO™. VT was induced. An isochronal map identified the VT exit site at the scar border. No diastolic potentials were seen in this territory, so VT exit site ablation was performed, as well as at a putative entry site. VT cycle length and morphology changed during ablation, but termination only occurred with burst pacing. Post‐ablation, the patient had no further shocks. He died seven months later from acute pancreatitis. The two ablation sites were identified on the post‐mortem heart and used to correlate with the electroanatomical map. Scar area correlated well, measuring approximately 58.4 cm2 macroscopically and 63.3 cm2 on the electroanatomical map. Histology at VT exit site demonstrated areas of viable epicardial myocardium, suggesting that the circuit was at the epicardial scar border, which would explain the lack of diastolic potentials. Ablation scar did not reach the epicardium and therefore, ablation may have modified the exit site without complete interruption of the VT circuit.

Conclusions: In this case, ablation was unable to terminate the VT due to failure to reach the epicardium, but was sufficient to modify the tachycardia, thereby reducing ICD therapy.
Compositionally Graded Aluminum Oxide Coatings on Stainless Steel Using Laser Processing
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Partha P. , Balla Vamsi Krishna , Bose Susmita , Bandyopadhyay Amit
Published: June 2007

A 1.5 mm thick fully dense alumina coating with a composition gradient from 100% Ni–20 wt% Cr at the substrate to 100% alumina on top has been developed on a 316 stainless steel sheet using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS™). The gradient coatings showed hardness in the range of 1800–2000 Hv, one of the highest reported so far due to high‐density layers. During laser deposition, α‐Al2O3 found to grow along the deposition direction with coarse columnar structure. The inherent advantage of this approach is to control simultaneously both location and composition leading to better interfacial properties of coatings.
Synthesis of Strontium Dialuminate Via an Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Precursor
Authors: Yuan Xiao , Xu Yebin , Huang Guohua , Zeng Chunlian
Published: June 2007

Strontium dialuminate (SrAl4O7) can be synthesized by crystallization of amorphous spray‐dried precursors or solidification from the liquid. In this paper, SrAl4O7 was prepared via the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid precursor route. Differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the precursors and the oxide powders derived. XRD analysis showed that single‐phase SrAl4O7 was obtained from pulverized resin at a temperature of 1050°C for 2 h and SrAl4O7 can be stable at least up to 1200°C. Single‐phase SrAl4O7 was not obtained from the citrate acid route.
Characterization of a Large‐Scale Nondoped YBa2Cu3O7−x Superconductor Prepared by Plastic Forming Without High‐Pressure Molding
Authors: Takahashi Makoto , Tomioka Yuuko , Miyauchi Toshiyuki , Sato Shoji , Murai Asami , Ido Toshiyuki , Wakita Koichi , Terada Hiroshi , Ohkido Sadao , Matsubara Masanori
Published: June 2007

A slurry containing YBa2Cu3O7−x particles and a fine YBa2Cu3(OH)x colloid solution was prepared, and a large‐scale bulk YBa2Cu3O7−x superconductor (about 50 mm × 35 mm × 2 mm) was produced by plastic forming without high‐pressure molding. The samples molded from the slurry were dried and then fired at 1223 K in air. X‐ray diffraction data indicated that the samples had the characteristic orthorhombic YBa2Cu3O7−x structure. Measurements of electrical resistance were carried out between 300 and 50 K by the standard four‐probe DC electrical measurement. The samples began superconducting at an onset temperature around 92 K, and the full‐transition temperature (critical temperature) (Tc) was 88.7±1.4 K. The critical current density (Jc) measured at 77 K was about 440 A/cm2, the value of Jc was improved by the heat treatment under an oxygen atmosphere, and Jc=1.6 × 103 A/cm2 was observed. Under the magnetic field (B=1 T), the sample held its superconductivity, and demonstrated that this method can be used to produce the magnetic shielding used in magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis.
Sinterability and Decomposition of Pb0.9175La0.055Zr0.975Ti0.025O3: Influence of Calcination and Sintering Temperature
Authors: Breval Else , Klimkiewicz Maria , Wang Chiping , Dougherty Joseph P. , Crespi Ann
Published: June 2007

The sinterability and decomposition of PLZT, (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3, depend on the temperature and soaking time of both the calcination and sintering temperature. They were determined from the density, linear shrinkage, weight loss, and appearance of extra phases. At moderate calcination temperatures and times, there is no escape of PbO from the PLZT. At calcination temperatures higher than 1050°C and soaking times above 3 h, PbO escapes, and ZrO2 and La2Zr2O7 can be detected. Even when sintered in a PbO‐rich atmosphere, some PbO evaporates during sintering either from free PbO or from the PbO bound in the PLZT in regions in the outer surfaces of the sintered body. An aggressive depletion of PbO during sintering can result in a complete disappearance of the grain boundary phase, giving an intragranular fracture.
Low‐Temperature Preparation and Magnetic Properties of V‐Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Melghit Khaled , Bouziane Khalid
Published: June 2007

A solid solution of vanadium (V)‐doped tin oxide (SnO2) particles of average diameter 2 nm and V content of 19 at.% was prepared at normal pressure and low temperature (100°C) by mixing wet SnO2 gel SnO2·xH2O with a boiling solution of vanadium oxide (V2O5). Experimental characterizations using X‐ray, electron diffraction, and transmission electron microscope show evidence of a pure single phase. The nanoparticles exhibit a mixed magnetic behavior, namely paramagnetic and ferromagnetic. Their thermal stability is also investigated. At higher temperature, 850°C, some amount of Fe precipitates from the solid solution.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of 0.65 PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3–0.35PbTiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Sen Shrabanee , Das Swapan K. , Mishra Suman Kumari , Tarafdar Abhijit
Published: June 2007

Nanocrystalline 0.65 PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3–0.35PbTiO3 powders were synthesized by citrate gel method. The gel was prepared using citrate (titanium and niobium) and nitrate (lead and magnesium) salts. The hard gel obtained after completion of the reaction was treated to get the desired phase. Thermal analysis of the gel was done to optimize the calcination temperature. The calcined powders were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The crystallite size and the effective strain were found to be 50 nm and 0.03584 N, respectively.
Long‐Ultraviolet‐Excited White‐Light Emission in Rare‐Earth‐Activated Yttrium‐Oxyorthosilicate
Authors: Bosze Eric J. , Carver Justin , Singson Sheila , McKittrick Joanna , Hirata Gustavo A.
Published: June 2007

White‐light emission was achieved by activating yttrium oxyorthosilicate with two rare‐earth elements, (Y1−m−nCemTbn)2SiO5. Ce3+ strongly absorbs at λex=358 nm and produces a broad, mainly blue emission with a tail that extends out to 600 nm (orange), and transfers energy efficiently to Tb3+, which produces strong green‐line emissions at 550 nm and some red emission around 650 nm. At λex=358 nm, chromaticity coordinates of the optimally activated (Y0.9625Ce0.0075Tb0.03)2SiO5 were found to be x=0.266, y=0.365 with a color temperature 8512 K. Upon mixing in another red‐emitting phosphor, (Y0.955Bi0.005Eu0.04)2O3, the chromaticity and color rendering index values were improved.
Creep Behavior of Plasma‐Sprayed Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Soltani Reza , Coyle Thomas W. , Mostaghimi Javad
Published: June 2007

Thermally sprayed ceramic coatings deposited from nanostructured feedstock powder have often demonstrated improved properties relative to coatings produced from conventional powders. This type of coating has been reported to exhibit better wear resistance and higher adhesion strength compared with conventional deposits. Powder consisting of hollow spherical particles has been reported to produce coating with lower unmelted particles and lower thermal conductivity. In this study, the thermo‐mechanical properties of plasma‐sprayed yttria‐stabilized zirconia coatings deposited using each of these types of powder were investigated. Creep strain and creep rate were measured using free‐standing thick coatings loaded in a four‐point bend configuration at temperatures ranging from 800° to 1200°C in air under a range of loads. The creep exponent and activation energy were determined.
YSZ‐Induced Crystallographic Reorientation of Ni Particles in Ni–YSZ Cermets
Authors: Laguna‐Bercero Miguel A. , Larrea Ángel
Published: June 2007

Metal–ceramic interfaces in Ni–YSZ (YSZ, yttria‐stabilized zirconia)‐textured porous cermets prepared by reduction of NiO–YSZ directionally solidified eutectics have been studied by transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray pole figure experiments. Before reduction of NiO, the interfacial plane is

but after reduction, the Ni phase does not maintain the same crystallographic orientation as the NiO parent phase. Ni undergoes an interface‐induced crystallographic reorientation to form the lower energy (002)Ni∥(002)YSZ interface. This process has been studied as a function of the reduction temperature, and it seems to be more effective at ∼800°C. Metal–ceramic low‐energy interfaces prevent Ni particle coarsening and impart long‐term stability to the cermet.
Lithium Ion‐Conducting Glass–Ceramics of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3–xLi2O (x=0.0–0.20) with Good Electrical and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiong , Wen Zhaoyin , Wu Xiangwei , Yang Xuelin , Gu Zhonghua
Published: June 2007

NASICON‐type structured Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3–xLi2O Li‐ion‐conducting glass–ceramics were successfully prepared from as‐prepared glasses. The differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, and field emission scanning electron microscope results reveal that the excess Li2O is not only incorporated into the crystal lattice of the NASICON‐type structure but also exists as a secondary phase and acts as a nucleating agent to considerably promote the crystallization of the as‐prepared glasses during heat treatment, leading to an improvement in the connection between the glass–ceramic grains and hence a dense microstructure with a uniform grain size. These beneficial effects enhance both the bulk and total ionic conductivities at room temperature, which reach 1.18 × 10−3 and 7.25 × 10−4 S/cm, respectively. In addition, the Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3–0.05Li2O glass–ceramics display favorable electrochemical stability against lithium metal with an electrochemical window of about 6 V. The high ionic conductivity, good electrochemical stability, and wide electrochemical window of LAGP–0.05LO glass–ceramics suggest that they are promising solid‐state electrolytes for all solid‐state lithium batteries with high power density.
Preferred Orientation of Bi4Ti3O12 Thick Film
Authors: Kinemuchi Yoshiaki , Xiang Ping Hua , Kaga Hisashi , Watari Koji
Published: June 2007

The preferred orientation of thick films prepared by paste printing is rarely observed because of their bulky polycrystalline nature. We found that a Bi4Ti3O12 thick film with a thickness of ca. 20 μm showed c‐axis‐preferred orientation. Initially, the texture of the screen‐printed film was found to have a random orientation, which was attributed to the equiaxed particle shape of the raw powder synthesized by the co‐precipitation method. During subsequent heating, c‐axis orientation emerged in which the degree of orientation was proportional to the film density. Analysis of the orientation distribution revealed that the progress of texturing was attributed to the film deformation, indicating that anisotropic shrinkage and morphological changes in particles during heating influenced the preferred orientation.
The Trait of Curiosity as a Predictor of Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Leonard Nancy H. , Harvey Michael
Published: June 2007

This study examined the relationship between curiosity and emotional intelligence (EI) in a sample of graduate and undergraduate business administration students. Curiosity was assessed using the Melbourne Curiosity Inventory (Naylor, 1981) and the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory (Kashdan, Rose, & Fincham, 2004), and EI was measured using the Trait Meta‐Mood Scale (TMMS; Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995). Results indicate a significant relationship between trait curiosity and EI. Relationships between the subscales of the 3 measures are also reported. Stepwise regression analysis indicates that trait curiosity and absorption curiosity were the best predictors of total EI; while absorption curiosity was the best predictor of attention to emotions, clarity of emotions, and repair of emotions.

Curiosity [has been] conceptualized as a positive emotional‐motivation system associated with the recognition, pursuit, and self‐regulation of novelty and challenge. (Kashdan, Rose, & Fincham, 2004, p. 291)
An Examination of the Additive Versus Convergent Effects of Employee Perceptions of Fit
Authors: Scroggins Wesley A.
Published: June 2007

This study examined additive effects of various types of person–job and person–organization fit. Although numerous studies have investigated the correlates of various fit types, little research has examined whether the effects of different fit types are additive or convergent. The effects of multiple fit perceptions on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions were examined. Results indicate additive effects of person–job and person–organization fit perceptions on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The effects of person–job fit perceptions on turnover intentions were also additive. However, person–organization and person–job fit had convergent effects on turnover intention. Results indicate that managers must pay attention to various fit types for positive job attitudes and to reduce turnover.
Frontline autologous stem cell transplantation in high‐risk peripheral T‐cell lymphoma: a prospective study from The Gel‐Tamo Study Group
Authors: Rodríguez José , Conde Eulogio , Gutiérrez Antonio , Arranz Reyes , León Ángel , Marín Julián , Bendandi Maurizio , Albo Carmen , Caballero María Dolores ,   On behalf of the ‘Grupo Español de Linfomas/Trasplante Autólogo de Médula Ósea’ (GEL‐TAMO)
Published: June 2007

Objective: Retrospective data shows that peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) patients sensitive to conventional chemotherapy for aggressive lymphomas may respond better if this treatment is consolidated with frontline autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Here, we present data from a prospective phase II trial of high‐dose chemotherapy and ASCT as a frontline consolidation therapy for aggressive nodal PTCL.

Methods: This study involved 26 gallium‐scan‐positive patients with high‐risk nodal PTCL [excluding anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive]. Patients received three courses of MegaCHOP before they were evaluated, and those that were gallium‐scan‐negative at this stage then received another course of MegaCHOP and ASCT. Patients who remained gallium‐scan‐positive received two courses of an IFE regimen (ifosfamide 10 g/m2, etoposide 150 mg/m2/12 h on days 1‐3) and if they at least achieved PR, they then received the transplant.

Results: Complete response (CR) was achieved by 12 patients (46%) after three courses of MegaCHOP and 12 patients received IFE as a salvage therapy. After the ASCT (n = 19), 89% of patients achieved CR. In contrast, six patients (23%) did not receive the transplant because of the progression of the disease (n = 5) or lethal toxicity (n = 1). One patient in first‐line CR refused ASCT. After a median follow‐up of 35 months, the overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) at 3 yr was 73% and 53%, respectively. Moreover, the OS, PFS and disease‐free survival (DFS) were 84%, 56% and 63%, respectively 2 yr after transplant in patients who received ASCT consolidation (n = 19).

Conclusions: Early salvage therapy for patients with high‐risk aggressive nodal PTCL that do not achieve CR after three courses of chemotherapy and ASCT frontline consolidation for chemosensitive patients may improve treatment outcome.
Nephrotic syndrome in a patient with IgM myeloma with associated neutrophilia
Authors: Gnerre Paola , Ottonello Luciano , Montecucco Fabrizio , Boero Michela , Dallegri Franco
Published: June 2007

An unusual case having IgM monoclonal gammopathy with clinical and pathologic features of multiple myeloma (MM) in association with neutrophilia and nephrotic syndrome is reported. The patient showed lytic bone lesions, decreased IgG and IgA levels, Bence‐Jones proteinuria, nephrotic proteinuria with edema, and histological plasma cell infiltration typical of MM. Moreover, mature neutrophilic leukocytosis, hepatomegaly, high leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score (LAP), absence of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and bcr gene rearrangement were also evidenced, all these features representing findings typical of the recently described plasma cell dyscrasia‐associated neutrophilia. After the diagnosis, the patient was treated with melphalan and prednisone, with an excellent response to the treatment. Different from the 30 cases so far reported, this is the first case of plasma‐cell dyscrasia with associated neutrophilia due to IgM‐producing monoclonal gammopathy. At the same time, this is the first reported case of nephrotic syndrome secondary to IgM myeloma.
A new type of plasma prekallikrein deficiency associated with homozygosity for Gly104Arg and Asn124Ser in apple domain 2 of the heavy‐chain region
Authors: Katsuda Itsuro , Maruyama Fumio , Ezaki Kohji , Sawamura Toru , Ichihara Yoshikazu
Published: June 2007

Three Japanese patients demonstrated plasma prekallikrein (PK) deficiency (PKD) after an examination of the proband family line named ‘PKD Seki’. A molecular genetic analysis of these PK genes showed homozygous amino acid substitutions Gly104Arg and Asn124Ser in exon 5, which encodes part of the apple domain 2 (A2) of the heavy chain. This is the first case involving substitutions in the heavy chain of the PK gene which affected blood coagulation. Because the apple domains of PK bind to the C‐terminal domain (D6H) of high‐molecular weight kininogen (HMWK), the two substitutions in A2 may therefore be the main cause of PKD Seki. We subsequently investigated the effects of amino acid substitutions in A2 to elucidate the binding activity of PK to HMWK using mutant A2 proteins produced in Escherichia coli. We clearly demonstrated that the Gly104Arg‐substitution with the Asn124Ser‐substitution in A2 reduce the binding activity of A2 to HMWK. PKD Seki is the first significant case to show the amino acid substitutions in the A2 affecting the binding capacity of PK with HMWK. Our findings therefore suggest that the binding of PK to HMWK may play a crucial role in the first step of blood coagulation.
Prognostic factors for classifying extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, as lymphoid neoplasia
Authors: Na Im I. , Kang Hye J. , Park Yeon H. , Lee Seung‐Sook , Yoo Hyung J. , Choe Du H. , Ryoo Baek‐Yeol , Yang Sung H.
Published: June 2007

This study evaluated the applicability of prognostic factors commonly used for diagnosis of classical lymphoma outcomes to extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (NTCL). Clinical features and their associations with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated in 70 patients. RLDH was defined as the ratio of LDH to the upper normal limit. RLDH was associated with stage (I–II vs. III–IV), lymph node involvement (LNI), and International Prognostic Index score (<2 vs. ≥2). Poor performance status and advanced stage were common in patients with local tumor invasiveness (LTI). LDH level, classified into three levels (low, high, and very high) was associated with survival (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the predictive values of LDH level, B symptom, performance status, and stage remained significant whereas those of LTI and LNI did not. Scoring was performed by weighting each factor with 0.5 or 1.0 according to its hazard ratio. Scores were classified into four groups. Groups with high scores were associated with unfavorable outcomes (P < 0.001). Current study suggests that prognostic factors for NHL may be useful to predict the outcome of NTCL but the model should take LDH level and the prognostic weight of each factor into account.
Inhibition of erythroid and granulocyte‐macrophage colony formation by non‐transferrin‐bound iron in vitro: protective effect of apotransferrin
Authors: Juvonen Eeva , Sahlstedt Leila , Parkkinen Jaakko , Ruutu Tapani
Published: June 2007

Objectives:  The aim of the study was to investigate in vitro the effect of free iron on erythroid and granulocyte‐macrophage colony formation and the effect of binding free iron with apotransferrin.

Methods:  Normal haematopoietic progenitors were cultured in vitro with different concentrations of free iron in the form of ferric nitrilotriacetic acid (FeNTA). Parallel cultures were performed after the preincubation of FeNTA with apotransferrin.

Results:  Free iron inhibited colony formation by erythroid and granulocyte‐macrophage progenitors and reduced the size of the colonies in a dose‐dependent manner. Preincubation of FeNTA with apotransferrin diminished the inhibitory effect of FeNTA on colony formation increasing both the number and the size of colonies.

Conclusions:  Free iron was toxic to haematopoietic progenitors in in vitro cultures; the toxic effect could be reduced with apotransferrin.
Clinical‐scale generation of strongly CD83‐expressing dendritic cells using extracorporeal photopheresis
Authors: Bredberg Anders , Jonsson Svante , Lindblom Anders , Björk Peter
Published: June 2007

Background: Many strategies are currently being pursued in order to generate mature dendritic cells (DC) to be used for immunotherapy. A potent anti‐tumour influence by extracorporeal photopheresis has been documented for cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, and a major mechanism of action has been suggested to be generation of DC presenting tumour antigens.

Purpose: To determine the potential of a simple clinical photopheresis protocol for large‐scale development of mature DC.

Methods: A standard monocyte‐enriched leukapheresis preparation of 109–1010 cells was derived during each of five consecutive treatment sessions of a patient with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. The cells were incubated overnight in autologous plasma with no addition of growth medium. Cell surface lymphocyte, monocyte and DC markers were determined using multi‐colour flow cytometry.

Results: We find signs of activation of the CD14+ monocytes, as well as the appearance of a minor population of mature DC negative for CD14 but with strong CD83 expression.

Conclusions: With a procedure appropriate for routine clinical use, a total number of 106–107 DC ready for patient reinfusion can be prepared within 24 h. Our findings indicate the need to further explore the capacity of photopheresis to stimulate cancer patients' anti‐tumour defence reaction.
Twice‐ vs. thrice‐weekly MPD PUVA in psoriasis: a randomized‐controlled efficacy study
Authors: Valbuena Martha Cecilia , Hernández Olga , Rey Maritza , Sánchez Guillermo , De Quintana Luisa Porras
Published: June 2007

Background: Oral psoralen‐ultraviolet A (PUVA) has been the treatment of choice of moderate to severe forms of psoriasis, however there is no standardized worldwide protocol. Twice‐ and thrice‐weekly regimens had been used. In this study we compare the efficacy of these regimens.

Methods: Two PUVA regimens in 28 patients with clinical diagnosis of psoriasis, with symmetric and no less than 20% of body surface area involvement, using a half‐body study, were compared. Each patient body half was randomized to receive either twice‐ or thrice‐weekly PUVA. A blinded trained dermatologist assessed the PASI score in each body half at the beginning of the study and at clearance or after 25 sessions.

Results: Twenty‐three patients completed the study. There were no significant differences in the efficacy of both treatments considering the median percentage of PASI decrease (92.9% for the body half with the twice‐weekly regimen and 94.8% for the thrice‐weekly treatment, P=0.179). There were significant differences comparing the median number of sessions needed for clearance and the median cumulative doses, favouring the twice‐weekly regimen (15 vs. 22, P=0.000, and 142.5 vs. 241.4 J/cm2, P=0.001, respectively).

Conclusion: The treatment of psoriasis patients with twice‐ or thrice‐weekly PUVA in this study was equally effective, the number of sessions required and the cumulative doses of UVA were lower with the twice‐weekly regimen.
Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α)‐converting enzyme (TACE) and soluble TNF‐α receptor type 1 in psoriasis patients treated with narrowband ultraviolet B
Authors: Serwin Agnieszka Beata , Sokolowska Marianna , Chodynicka Bozena
Published: June 2007

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α)‐converting enzyme (TACE) concentration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and its relationship with plasma concentration of soluble TNF‐α receptor type 1 (sTNF‐R1) and with the disease severity in psoriasis patients treated with narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB).

Methods: The study has been conducted among 40 patients with plaque‐type psoriasis vulgaris: 23 had only skin lesions (PV) and 17 had co‐existing, inactive, psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Control blood samples were obtained from 20 healthy subjects. The assessment of the severity of skin lesions (using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index – PASI), TACE and sTNF‐R1 concentrations (using quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassays) have been performed at baseline (T 0) and after 20 NB‐UVB irradiations (T 20).

Results: The baseline sTNF‐R1 and TACE concentrations in all patients was higher than that in controls (2.55 ± 1.67 vs. 1.70 ± 0.15 ng/ml, P<0.001, respectively, and 2.62 ± 0.32 vs. 1.31 ± 0.30 ng/ml, P<0.001, respectively). The sTNF‐R1 and TACE concentrations were lower in PV than in PsA patients (2.47 ± 0.16 vs. 2.65 ± 0.13 ng/ml, and 2.52 ± 0.22 vs. 2.76 ± 0.39 ng/ml, P<0.05, respectively). The baseline PASI correlated with sTNF‐R1 and to TACE concentrations (R=0.48 and 0.39, P<0.05, respectively). The sTNF‐R1 correlated to TACE concentration (R=0.52, P<0.05). The significant decline in sTNF‐R1 and TACE concentrations at T 20 was noticed, TACE reached control values (1.20 ± 0.44 ng/ml in PV patients and 1.16 ± 0.48 ng/ml in PsA patients, respectively).

Conclusion: TACE from PBMC can contribute to up‐regulation of sTNF‐R1 in patients with active psoriasis vulgaris and with psoriatic arthritis. It also can serve as a sensitive marker of the disease severity.
Immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet B irradiation on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice
Authors: Mutou Yasuko , Ibuki Yuko , Kojima Shuji
Published: June 2007

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common pruritic inflammatory skin disease, which occurs primarily in childhood. Recently, narrow‐band ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy has been used to treat AD, but the mechanism involved is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether UVB irradiation influences AD in the NC/Nga mouse.

Methods: The mice were separated into three groups: control, AD‐control (immunized with mite antigens), and AD+UVB‐irradiated (immunized with mite antigens and UVB irradiation) groups. The mice in the irradiation group were exposed to 1 kJ/m2/day twice a week from 6 to 12 weeks of age. Animals in the control and AD‐control groups were shaved, but not irradiated.

Results: In the AD+UVB‐irradiated group, the atopy score, ear thickness, and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) were increased in comparison with the AD‐control group. On day 40, the levels of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐10 in the spleen lymphocytes were significantly increased compared with the AD‐control group, resulting in a marked decrease of the interferon (IFN)‐γ/IL‐4 ratio compared with the AD‐control group. In addition, the levels of IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and NOx production by peritoneal macrophages were significantly elevated.

Conclusion: These results indicate that UVB irradiation promotes the development of AD‐like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.
Family Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence From Public Companies in Chile
Authors: Martínez Jon I. , Stöhr Bernhard S. , Quiroga Bernardo F.
Published: June 2007

We studied the impact of family ownership on firm performance by using a set of data on Chilean firms. From a sample of 175 firms listed on the stock market, the group of 100 family-controlled firms performed significantly better than the group of 75 nonfamily companies over the 10-year period under study (1995—2004). Three distinct measures of performance—ROA, ROE, and a proxy of Tobin's Q—were employed to test the differences of means between the two groups of firms. These results were in line with our multiple regression model. All these findings support our conceptual framework and hypothesis, which states that public family firms perform better than public nonfamily firms.
Toward the Development of a Family Business Self-Efficacy Scale: A Resource-Based Perspective
Authors: DeNoble Alex , Ehrlich Sanford , Singh Gangaram
Published: June 2007

Given the importance of succession planning in family-owned businesses, our research is focused on identifying the key dimensions that could comprise a family business self-efficacy scale. We employed an explorative qualitative research methodology by querying a group of family business presidents to describe the skills critical for success. Using a resource-based perspective and relevant family business succession literature, we organized this feedback into a framework depicting the key challenges associated with leadership succession. The presidents' comments highlight a set of general and family business skill requirements that fall into the domains of social and human capital.
Evolution of the Intellectual Structure of Family Business Literature: A Bibliometric Study of FBR
Authors: Casillas Jose , Acedo Francisco
Published: June 2007

This article aims at identifying the characteristics of the family business as a differentiated field within management. For that aim, we use author co-citation analysis (ACA) to identify different research trends within the field, studying all the papers published in the Family Business Review from its foundation in 1988 through to the December 2005 issue. Results show that despite the literature being fragmented and showing a lack of consensus, we are facing, in Kuhn's words, a development of the research frontier by enlarging the number of approaches used for understanding the family business.
Handover in the emergency department: Deficiencies and adverse effects
Authors: Ye Ken , McD Taylor David , Knott Jonathan C , Dent Andrew , MacBean Catherine E
Published: June 2007

Objective:  To determine problems resulting from ED handover, deficiencies in current procedures and whether patient care or ED processes are adversely affected.

Methods:  A prospective observational study at three large metropolitan ED comprising three components: observation of handover sessions, 2 h post‐handover surveys of the receiving doctors and a general survey of ED doctors.

Results:  The handovers of 914 patients were observed during 60 handover sessions in a 3‐month period. Medical information, including presenting complaints, was handed over better than communication and disposition information. Seven hundred and seven (77.4%) of 914 potential post‐handover interviews were undertaken. Most (88.3%) doctors thought the handover was ‘adequate/good’. However, information was perceived as lacking in 109 (15.4%) handovers, especially details of management (35, 5.0%), investigations (33, 4.7%) and disposition (33, 4.7%). There was a significant difference in the perceived quality of handovers (1–5 scale where 5 = excellent) when all required information was handed over and when it was not (median scores 4.0 vs 3.0, respectively, P < 0.001). As a result of perceived inadequate handovers, the doctor/ED and patient were affected adversely in 62 (8.8%) and 33 (4.7%) cases, respectively, for example, repetition of assessment, delays in disposition and care. Fifty doctors completed the general survey. Most believed communications made to inpatient units, inaccurate/incomplete information and disorganization were problematic.

Conclusion:  Deficiencies in handover processes exist, especially in communication and disposition information. These affect doctors, the ED and patients adversely. Recommendations for improvement include guideline development to standardize handover processes, the greater use of information technology facilities, ongoing feedback to staff, and quality assurance and education activities.
Localization of Per a 3 allergen in the gut and faecal pellets of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)
Authors: Wu H.‐Q. , Liu Z.‐G. , Gao B. , Li M. , Ran P.‐X. , Xing M.
Published: June 2007

Cockroach‐derived materials are known to be a major source of potent aeroallergens, causing allergic respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. The aim of this study was to determine the localization of the major allergen, Per a 3 (Cr‐PI), within the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana), which might reveal the relative importance of excreted materials and nonexcreted cockroach components as allergen sources.

American cockroaches (P. americana) and their faecal pellets were embedded in paraffin, and serial sections were cut and collected on glass slides. After being stained with mouse polyclonal antiserum against Per a 3, the sections were incubated sequentially with biotin‐labelled sheep antimouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) and a preformed fluorescent isothiocyanate (FITC)‐avidin complex. Finally, the sections were mounted and examined under a fluorescent microscope.

Examination of Per a 3 immunoreactivity on the sections of the American cockroaches (P. americana) revealed that the midgut mucosa, gut contents and faecal pellets were all strongly labelled. Per a 3 immunoreactive products were not detected in any other internal organs of the American cockroaches. These results suggest that Per a 3 allergen might be synthesized in and secreted from the epithelia of the midgut mucosa and excreted from the body in the faecal pellets.
Determination of HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DRB1 haplotypes based on allelic homozygosity data in selected bone marrow donors of the Taiwanese marrow donor registry
Authors: Yang K. L. , Lin P. Y.
Published: June 2007

From 120 unrelated Taiwanese marrow stem cell donors with allelic homozygosities at human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐A, ‐B and ‐DRB1 loci, we determined 85 distinguishable haplotypes. Using the predetermined haplotype data, we deduced 418 haplotypes from 1903 unrelated individual stem cell donors selected for HLA confirmatory test. Eighteen of the 20 (90%) most frequently observed haplotypes determined in Asian Americans using computer prediction were found in this study. In comparison with haplotypes determined by maximum likelihood algorithm in Korean population, 18 of the 29 (62.07%) Korean haplotypes with a frequency over 0.5% were also among the haplotypes determined in this investigation. Randomized family studies confirmed that over 50% of the haplotypes observed in the families were among the haplotypes deduced based on allelic homozygosity, suggesting that proportionally additional haplotypes can be determined as the number of donors being studied is increased. Haplotypes carrying low incidence allele characteristics of Taiwanese were also observed in this study. This established haplotype information will be beneficial for patients searching for stem cell donors in our registry domestically and internationally.
Attention Problems in Very Low Birth Weight Preschoolers: Are New Screening Measures Needed for This Special Population?
Authors: Davis Deborah Winders , Burns Barbara , Snyder Elizabeth , Robinson Julia
Published: June 2007

PROBLEM:  Children born prematurely have been shown to have a range of problems that often result in delayed academic achievement.

METHODS:  The current study assessed both attention problem scores (Child Behavior Checklist) and actual performance on tasks tapping three attention networks in a sample of children (n = 94) born with very low birth weights (VLBW; ≤ 1500 grams).

FINDINGS:  Attention problem scores were extremely low and did not predict children's actual attention performance.

CONCLUSIONS:  A body of research is developing that suggests VLBW children may have specific, yet subtle, attention problems that may differ from those of other children.
Patterns of Depressive Symptoms in Children
Authors: Bailey Mary K. , Zauszniewski Jaclene A. , Heinzer Marjorie M. , Hemstrom‐Krainess And Marion
Published: June 2007

PROBLEM:  Depressive symptoms in children have been linked to recurrent problems with depression, school problems, and risky health behaviors. Adolescent girls report depressive symptoms three to four times more frequently than adolescent boys. Few studies, however, have examined gender‐related depressive symptoms in younger, school‐aged children.

METHODS:  In the present study, gender differences in depressive symptoms in children ages 10–12 years were explored using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) with a convenience sample of 122 suburban middle‐class public school fifth and sixth graders.

FINDINGS:  A distinct pattern of depressive symptom expression was found with girls reporting more internalizing and more negative self‐esteem, and boys reporting more externalizing and more school problems.

CONCLUSION:  These findings suggest that despite similarities on a total depressive symptom score, there are distinct gender differences in depressive symptom expression that are identifiable before adolescence and may be associated with normative development.
Sources of Stress and Support and Maternal Resources of Homeless Teenage Mothers
Authors: Meadows‐Oliver Mikki , Sadler Lois S. , Swartz Martha K. , Ryan‐Krause Patricia
Published: June 2007

PROBLEM:  Homeless families headed by young mothers are increasing. This preliminary study describes the characteristics of 17 homeless teenage mothers (HTM).

METHODS:  HTMs completed questionnaires researching depression, self‐esteem, maternal competence, and sources of stress and support.

FINDINGS:  HTMs had positive maternal competence and self‐esteem scores. When compared to housed mothers, HTMs were younger, had more depressive symptoms and negative life events, and fewer social supports.

CONCLUSIONS:  HTMs represent a high‐risk group with fewer available supports and many complex life stressors. School‐based programs can benefit HTMs by offering support, helping them continue their education, and assisting with on‐site school‐based childcare.
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE FATTY ACIDS OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS OF SESAME SEEDS (SESAMUM INDICUM)
Authors: YOSHIDA HIROMI , TANAKA MEGUMI , TOMIYAMA YUKA , MIZUSHINA YOSHIYUKI
Published: June 2007

The fatty acid distribution of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and major phospholipids (PLs) in sesame (Sesamum indicum) seeds was investigated in relation to the endogenous antioxidants. γ‐Tocopherol was present in the highest concentration, and δ‐ and α‐tocopherols were found in very small amounts. Sesamin and sesamolin were the main lignan components. The lipids extracted from three cultivars were separated by thin‐layer chromatography. The major lipid components were TAGs and PLs, while steryl esters, free fatty acids and sn‐1,3‐ and sn‐1,2‐diacylglycerols were also present in minor proportions. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in fatty acid distribution existed when different sesame seed cultivars were examined. However, the principal characteristics of the fatty acid distribution in the TAGs, as well as the major PLs, were evident among the three cultivars; unsaturated fatty acids were predominantly concentrated in the sn‐2‐position, and saturated fatty acids primarily occupied the sn‐1‐ or sn‐3‐position. These results suggest that there are no essential differences (P > 0.05) in the oil components among three cultivars.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

This paper describes the fatty acid compositions of glycerides, particularly the positional distribution of the fatty acids of triacylglycerols along with those of the main PL in sesame seeds in relation to the endogenous antioxidants. These results were similar to the positional fatty acid distributions in the lipid classes of peanut, corn and soybeans among the plants seeds in the literature, and suggest that there are no essential differences (P > 0.05) in the oil components among the three cultivars. The data obtained would be contributed to both producers and consumers to investigate the functional properties of sesame seed oil.
CHANGES IN THE CHEMICAL AND SENSORIAL PROFILE OF EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OILS FLAVORED WITH HERBS AND SPICES DURING STORAGE
Authors: GAMBACORTA G. , FACCIA M. , PATI S. , LAMACCHIA C. , BAIANO A. , LA NOTTE E.
Published: June 2007

A study is reported on the chemical and sensorial characteristics of extra virgin olive oil flavored with hot pepper, garlic, oregano and rosemary during 7 months of storage. The oils were prepared by addition of the spice oily extracts at three different levels of concentration to an extra virgin olive oil. The following parameters were monitored: acidity, peroxide value (PV), K232, K270, (E)‐2‐hexenal/hexanal ratio and sensorial characteristics. At the end of the storage, all samples showed PV and K232 values lower than the control, whereas similar values of acidity, K270 and (E)‐2‐hexenal/hexanal ratio were observed. These results demonstrated that the herb and spice extracts improved the stability of the extra virgin olive oil. Tasters were able to distinguish among the levels of addition, and at the end of the storage, they preferred the oils flavored with 20 g/L of rosemary, 40 g/L of hot pepper, 40 g/L of oregano and 30 g/L of garlic.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

This research is strongly oriented to the industrial application. The obtained results could be immediately applied to flavored olive oil production since the experimental plan includes the set‐up of the process and the preference of consumers. Producers will acquire a novel product having a greater added value (due to the nutritional and antioxidant power of the spices) but without changes in the plants already present in the factories and, thus, without increases in costs.