bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heliostat Consortium: Gap Analysis on State of the Art in Wind Load Design
Authors: Emes Matthew , Yellapantula Shashank , Sment Jeremy , Armijo Kenneth , Muller Matthew , Mehos Mark , Brost Randy , Arjomandi Maziar
Published: April 2024

Wind loads are a major driver of heliostat cost. Standardized methods and tools are needed for a more detailed understanding of the static and dynamic loads of a heliostat design. This will enable cost reduction of wind-dependent heliostats to avoid unnecessarily conservative heliostat designs and increase field efficiency and reliability to reduce the risk of component failures due to high-wind events. Gaps related to wind load include lack of site characterization for wind measurements, insufficient critical load cases for heliostat design, insufficient understanding of turbulence impacts on heliostat tracking error, lack of knowledge on wind load under various heliostat array configurations, and underexplored heliostat field wind-load reduction and operating strategies. Recommended pathway forward is to develop wind load and site characterization guidelines for heliostat design and develop heliostat field wind-load models with optical performance impacts.
A Comprehensive Review of Indentation of Gels and Soft Biological Materials
Authors: He Dongjing , Malu Deep , Hu Yuhang
Published: April 2024

Indentation measurement has emerged as a widely adapted technique for elucidating the mechanical properties of soft hydrated materials. These materials, encompassing gels, cells, and biological tissues, possess pivotal mechanical characteristics crucial for a myriad of applications across engineering and biological realms. From engineering endeavors to biological processes linked to both normal physiological activity and pathological conditions, understanding the mechanical behavior of soft hydrated materials is paramount. The indentation method is particularly suitable for accessing the mechanical properties of these materials as it offers the ability to conduct assessments in liquid environment across diverse length and time scales with minimal sample preparation. Nonetheless, understanding the physical principles underpinning indentation testing and the corresponding contact mechanics theories, making judicious choices regarding indentation testing methods and associated experimental parameters, and accurately interpreting the experimental results are challenging tasks. In this review, we delve into the methodology and applications of indentation in assessing the mechanical properties of soft hydrated materials, spanning elastic, viscoelastic, poroelastic, coupled viscoporoelastic, and adhesion properties, as well as fracture toughness. Each category is accomplished by the theoretical models elucidating underlying physics, followed by ensuring discussions on experimental setup requirements. Furthermore, we consolidate recent advancements in indentation measurements for soft hydrated materials highlighting its multifaceted applications. Looking forward, we offer insights into the future trajectory of the indentation method on soft hydrated materials and the potential applications. This comprehensive review aims to furnish readers with a profound understanding of indentation techniques and a pragmatic roadmap of characterizing the mechanical properties of soft hydrated materials.
An examination of point-particle Lagrangian simulations for assessing time-resolved hydroacoustic particle flux measurements in sediment-laden flows
Authors: Fromant Guillaume , Thorne Peter D. , Hurther David
Published: April 2024

Accurate modelling and prediction of sediment transport in aquatic environments is essential for sustainable coastal and riverine management. Current capabilities rely on physical process-based numerical models and fine-scale sediment flux measurements. High-resolution hydroacoustic instrumentation has emerged as a promising tool for such measurements. However, challenges arise due to the inherent complexity of ultrasound scattering processes. This study introduces a numerical modelling using a point-particle approach to simulate the echoes backscattered by such instrumentation in sediment-laden flow conditions. The model considers geometric, statistical, particle cloud, and flow-induced effects on sediment velocity, concentration, and flux estimates using an acoustic concentration and velocity profiler as a reference. The model performance is assessed here under unidirectional constant flow conditions in terms of velocity, concentration, and time-resolved sediment flux estimates for a large range of the particles' advection speed and sampled volume sizes. Application to the estimation of the measurement accuracy of sediment flux in these flows is also considered, with a final error on the flux seen to be partially controlled by the residence time of particles within the sampled volumes. The proposed model provides insights into scattering processes and offers a tool for investigating robust sediment flux estimation techniques in various flow conditions.
Effect of sound-induced vibrations of the pinna on head-related transfer functions: Experimental and numerical investigations
Authors: Hajarolasvadi Setare , Khaleghimeybodi Morteza , Razavi Payam , Smirnov Michael , Prepeliţă Sebastian T.
Published: April 2024

Numerical simulations of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) conventionally assume a rigid boundary condition for the pinna. The human pinna, however, is an elastic deformable body that can vibrate due to incident acoustic waves. This work investigates how sound-induced vibrations of the pinna can affect simulated HRTF magnitudes. The work will motivate the research question by measuring the sound-induced vibrational patterns of an artificial pinna with a high-speed holographic interferometric system. Then, finite element simulations are used to determine HRTFs for a tabletop model of the B&K 5128 head and torso simulator for a number of directions. Two scenarios are explored: one where the pinna is modeled as perfectly rigid, and another where the pinna is modeled as linear elastic with material properties close to that of auricular cartilage. The findings suggest that pinna vibrations have negligible effects on HRTF magnitudes up to 5 kHz. The same conclusion, albeit with less certainty, is drawn for higher frequencies. Finally, the importance of the elastic domain's material properties is emphasized and possible implications for validation studies on dummy heads 1as well as the limitations of the present work are discussed in detail.
Ultrasound imaging guided precision histotripsy: Effects of pulse settings on ablation properties in rat brain
Authors: Landry Thomas G. , Brown Jeremy A.
Published: April 2024

A high-frequency 6 MHz miniature handheld histotripsy device with an endoscopic form factor and co-registered high-resolution ultrasound imaging was developed. This device could allow precision histotripsy ablation during minimally invasive brain tumor surgeries with real-time image guidance. This study characterized the outcome of acute histotripsy in the normal in vivo rat brain using the device with a range of histotripsy pulse settings, including number of cycles, pulse repetition frequency, and pressure, as well as other experimental factors. The stability and shape of the bubble cloud were measured during ablations, as well as the post-histotripsy ablation shape in ultrasound B-mode and histology. The results were compared between histological images and the ultrasound imaging data to determine how well ultrasound data reflected observable damage in histology. The results indicated that while pulse settings can have some influence on ablation shape, sample-to-sample variation had a larger influence on ablation shape. This suggests that real-time ablation monitoring is essential for accurate knowledge of outcomes. Ultrasound imaging provided an accurate real-time indication of ablation shape both during ablation and post-ablation.
A Longitudinal Multicase Study About the Board-Game Format of an Educational Self-Talk Intervention
Authors: Mathas Vassilis , Solomon-Turay Philip , Hatzigeorgiadis Antonis , Hardy James , Latinjak Alexander T.
Published: April 2024

This study explored goal-directed self-talk and its optimization through educational self-talk interventions, focusing on a novel sports-oriented board-game intervention. Examining a practitioner’s experiences and diverse participant profiles, including an elite tennis player, a recreational athlete, a football referee, and a tennis coach, the research employed four in-depth case studies. A unique aspect of this study involved intentional control transfer from practitioner to client, documented through a practitioner diary and postintervention interviews. Participants generally expressed appreciation for the intervention; however, the coach’s case necessitated bespoke adjustments, underscoring the importance of contextual sensitivity in applied practice. The educational self-talk intervention reportedly facilitated the analytical deconstruction of challenges, enhancing self-regulation through goal-directed self-talk. The study underscored the pedagogical merit of the board game and observed a substantive transfer of control from practitioner to participant over the intervention’s longitudinal trajectory. Detailed recommendations have been crafted for practitioners to implement the educational self-talk intervention effectively in their practice.
HssS activation by membrane heme defines a paradigm for two-component system signaling in
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Saillant Vincent , Morey Léo , Lipuma Damien , Boëton Pierre , Siponen Marina , Arnoux Pascal , Lechardeur Delphine
Published: April 2024

Strict management of intracellular heme pools, which are both toxic and beneficial, is crucial for bacterial survival during infection. The human pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
uses a two-component heme sensing system (HssRS), which counteracts environmental heme toxicity by triggering expression of the efflux transporter HrtBA. The HssS heme sensor is a HisKA-type histidine kinase, characterized as a membrane-bound homodimer containing an extracellular sensor and a cytoplasmic conserved catalytic domain. To elucidate HssS heme-sensing mechanism, a structural simulation of the HssS dimer based on Alphafold2 was docked with heme. In this model, a heme-binding site is present in the HssS dimer between the membrane and extracellular domains. Heme is embedded in the membrane bilayer with its two protruding porphyrin propionates interacting with two conserved Arg94 and Arg163 that are located extracellularly. Single substitutions of these arginines and two highly conserved phenylalanines, Phe25 and Phe128, in the predicted hydrophobic pocket limited the ability of HssS to induce HrtBA synthesis. Combination of the four substitutions abolished HssS activation. Wild-type (WT) HssS copurified with heme from
Escherichia coli,
whereas heme binding was strongly attenuated in the variants. This study gives evidence that exogenous heme interacts with HssS at the membrane/extracellular interface to initiate HssS activation and induce HrtBA-mediated heme extrusion from the membrane. This “gatekeeper” mechanism could limit intracellular diffusion of exogenous heme in
S. aureus
and may serve as a paradigm for how efflux transporters control detoxification of exogenous hydrophobic stressors.

IMPORTANCE

In the host blood, pathogenic bacteria are exposed to the red pigment heme that concentrates in their lipid membranes, generating cytotoxicity. To overcome heme toxicity,
Staphylococcus aureus
expresses a membrane sensor protein, HssS. Activation of HssS by heme triggers a phosphotransfer mechanism leading to the expression of a heme efflux system, HrtBA. This detoxification system prevents intracellular accumulation of heme. Our structural and functional data reveal a heme-binding hydrophobic cavity in HssS within the transmembrane domains (TM) helices at the interface with the extracellular domain. This structural pocket is important for the function of HssS as a heme sensor. Our findings provide a new basis for the elucidation of pathogen-sensing mechanisms as a prerequisite to the discovery of inhibitors.
Experimental evolution of
Staphylococcus aureus
in macrophages: dissection of a conditional adaptive trait promoting intracellular survival
Authors: Alves Joana , Vrieling Manouk , Ring Natalie , Yebra Gonzalo , Pickering Amy , Prajsnar Tomasz K. , Renshaw Stephen A. , Fitzgerald J. Ross
Published: April 2024

Staphylococcus aureus
is a major pathogen associated with important diseases in humans and animals. Macrophages are a key component of the innate immune response to
S. aureus
infection and play a major role in disease outcomes. To investigate the adaptive evolution of
S. aureus
in response to macrophages, we developed an experimental infection assay.
S. aureus
strains representing major human epidemic clones were passaged many times in a macrophage cell line, accumulating mutations in an array of genomic loci. Phenotypic analysis revealed the emergence of a lineage exhibiting increased survival in macrophages and human blood, and resistance to vancomycin. The evolved lineage exhibited a previously undescribed small colony variant (SCV) phenotype characterized by hyper-pigmentation, which resulted from a missense mutation in
rsbW
. Notably, the novel SCV was a conditional adaptive trait that was unstable in nutrient-replete conditions
in vitro
, rapidly converting from hyper-pigmented SCV to a non-pigmented large colony variant via spontaneous
sigB
deletion events. Importantly, we identified similar deletions in the genome sequences of a limited number of clinical
S. aureus
isolates from public databases, indicating that related events may occur during clinical infection. Experimental infection of zebrafish did not reveal a difference in virulence between parent and novel SCV but demonstrated an
in vivo
fitness cost for the compensatory
sigB
deletion events. Taken together, we report an experimental evolutionary approach for investigating bacterial innate immune cell interactions, revealing a conditional adaptation that promotes
S. aureus
survival in macrophages and resistance to vancomycin.

IMPORTANCE

Staphylococcus aureus
is an important human bacterial pathogen. The host response to
S. aureus
involves the production of innate immune cells such as macrophages which are important for fighting infection. Here we report a new model of experimental evolution for studying how
S. aureus
can evade killing by macrophages. We identified a novel adaptive phenotype that promotes survival in macrophages and blood and resistance to antibiotics. The phenotype is lost rapidly upon growth in nutrient-rich conditions via disruption of the alternative sigma factor sigB, revealing a conditional niche-specific fitness advantage. Genomic analysis of clinical isolates suggests similar adaptations may occur during human infections. Our model may be used broadly to identify adaptations of
S. aureus
to the innate immune response.
ESBL-producing
Atlantibacter hermannii
harboring a plasmid encoding IS
26
up and down stream of
bla
CTX-M-27
,
bla
LAP-2
, and
qnrS1
isolated from an edible river
Anabas testudineus
fish
Authors: Jinnai Michio , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Minh Doan Tran Nguyen , Hoang Oanh Nguyen , Thi Hien Le , Thanh Phong Ngo , Hoai Phuong Hoang , Do Phuc Nguyen , Van Chinh Dang , Kumeda Yuko , Hase Astushi , Nakayama Tatsuya
Published: April 2024

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing
Atlantibacter hermannii
was isolated from an edible river fish,
Anabas testudineus
, which was sold in a market located in Vietnam. The genome sequence was obtained by using next-generation sequencing, which involved Oxford Nanopore and Illumina technologies. The 92 kb plasmid encodes the gene
bla
CTX-M-27
.
Metagenome-assembled genome of withering syndrome causative agent, “
Candidatus
Xenohaliotis californiensis,“ from endangered white abalone (
Haliotis sorenseni
)
Authors: Kunselman Emily , Allard Sarah , Burge Colleen , Marshman Blythe , Frederick Alyssa , Gilbert Jack
Published: April 2024

The genome of “
Candidatus
Xenohaliotis californiensis” was assembled from shotgun metagenomic sequencing of experimentally infected white abalone. Ninety-one percent genome completeness was achieved with low contamination. Sequencing this genome provides the opportunity to track pathogen evolution over time, conduct gene expression experiments, and study dynamics between this pathogen and its phage.
Complete genome sequences of two avian pathogenic
Escherichia coli
strains isolated from broilers exhibiting colibacillosis in Mississippi
Authors: Jia Linan , Arick II Mark A. , Hsu Chuan-Yu , Peterson Daniel G. , Evans Jeffrey D. , Robinson Kelsy , Adhikari Pratima , Zhang Li
Published: April 2024

We report the whole-genome sequences of
Escherichia coli
strains APEC-O2-MS1266 and APEC-O2-MS1657 isolated from the liver and heart of infected broilers in Mississippi State, US. The genomic information of these two causative strains may provide a valuable reference for comparative studies of avian pathogenic
E. coli
.
Complete genome sequence of
Chlamydia psittaci
NRM_5 strain isolated from the fecal samples of a wild Indian ring-necked parakeet (
Psittacula krameri manillens
is) in Japan
Authors: Sassa-O'Brien Yukiko , Wu Chien-Fu , Matsushita Yasuhiko , Ohya Kenji , Moriyama Hiromitsu , Fukushi Hideto
Published: April 2024

We report here the whole-genome sequence of the
Chlamydia psittaci
NRM_5 strain isolated from the fecal samples of wild Indian ring-necked parakeet (
Psittacula krameri manillensis
) in Japan. The sequence type is ST35, which is known to be associated with pigeons and doves, indicating the potential for transmission among bird species.
Complete genome sequence of
Bacillus cereus
A01
Authors: Li Jiahao , Wu Xiuyun , Meng Jing
Published: April 2024

Bacillus cereus,
a class of facultative aerobic gram-positive bacteria, is frequently isolated from soil, growing plants, and the intestinal tract of insects and mammals. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
B. cereus
A01, whose total genome length is 6,097,808 bp, with a GC content of 34.92%.
Investigating the air quality surrounding new schools in England: polluted playgrounds and school buildings are a source of avoidable harm
Authors: Mahfouz Yasmin , Tydeman Florence , Robertson Meredith
Published: April 2024

Objective

To assess levels of pollutants at the sites of new schools and whether pupils are likely to be protected from associated risks.

Setting

Air pollution causes damage to children’s health by increasing respiratory tract infection rates, asthma exacerbations, allergies and childhood cancers. Further effects include poorer neurocognitive outcomes and multisystemic illness in adulthood.

Design

We obtained a list of all 187 proposed new schools in England from 2017 to 2025 and found locations for 147 of them. We assessed air quality against WHO air quality targets and the air quality percentile of the location relative to pollution levels across the UK. We review relevant legislation and guidance.

Results

Our analysis found 86% of new schools (126/147) exceeded all three WHO targets, and every location exceeded at least one. Nationally, 76% (112/147) of sites were in the 60th or greater pollution percentile. Within London, the median pollution percentile was the 90th, with a minimum of 76th and maximum of 99th (IQR=83 rd to 94th).

Conclusion

The guidance for school proposals does not include any requirement to assess air quality at the identified site. Building regulations also fail to consider how widespread poor air quality is, and significantly underestimates the levels of major air pollutants surrounding schools. Therefore it is unlikely that adequate action to reduce pupil and staff exposure is undertaken.

We argue that air quality assessment should be mandatory at the proposal and planning stage of any new school building and that national guidance and legislation urgently needs to be updated.
Varicella mimicking complications of acute rhinosinusitis in an infant
Authors: Kunz Seraina , Bergsma Patrick , Brand Yves
Published: April 2024

Varicella is the manifestation of primary infection with the varicella-zoster virus, mainly affecting preschool and school-aged children. The children suffer from a generalised, vesicular rash and fever. Despite the infection’s typically non-threatening course, a variety of severe complications have been described.

The authors present the case of a female infant suffering from varicella and developing preseptal cellulitis with a frontal abscess while being treated with intravenous antibiotics. Otorhinolaryngology consultation was sought since the clinical image was highly suggestive for sinusitis complications, namely orbital cellulitis and frontal bone osteomyelitis (Pott’s puffy tumour). However, the child was below the age of frontal sinus development and there was no other apparent sign of sinonasal involvement. Ultrasonography revealed a mid-frontal collection without signs of abscess formation preseptally or postseptally, leading to the diagnosis of cutaneous superinfection of varicella lesions. The frontal abscess was drained, and the child fully recovered under antibiotic treatment.
Atypical multiple evanescent white dot syndrome presenting with peripheral retinal lesions
Authors: Ku Jae Yee , Mansoor Nyaish , Farrag Abdelsattar
Published: April 2024

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is a rare inflammatory eye condition. We report an atypical case of MEWDS in a man in his 30s who presented with blurred vision (visual acuity 6/9), floaters and photopsia in his left eye. Funduscopy examination showed mild peripheral nasal vascular sheathing with subtle grey-white dots highlighted on fundus autofluorescence. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first case presentation whereby areas affected by MEWDS started in the peripheral retina and migrated centrally. Fluorescein angiography showed hyperfluorescent areas in wreath-like patterns nasally. Optical coherence tomography showed disruption of the ellipsoid zone and hyperreflective projections into the outer nuclear layer. The size of the involved area increased over 3 weeks and subsequently resolved over 4 months. Simultaneously, the patient’s symptoms also resolved, without treatment. This case highlights the importance of multimodal imaging, especially ultrawidefield imaging in diagnosing MEWDS.
Capecitabine-induced severe adverse events—therapeutic drug monitoring andDPYD-gene analysis are recommended
Authors: Perera Johan , Süsstrunk Julian , Thurneysen Claudio , Steinemann Daniel
Published: April 2024

In this report, two cases of patients with severe adverse events after an adjuvant treatment with capecitabine are described in detail. The first patient suffered from a severe ileocolitis, where ultimately intensive care treatment, total colectomy and ileum resection was necessary. The second patient experienced a toxic enteritis, which could be managed conservatively. Post-therapeutic DPYD genotyping was negative in the former and positive in the latter case. Patients can be categorised in normal, moderate and poor DPYD metabolisers to predict the risk of adverse events of capecitabine treatment. Guidelines in various European countries recommend pretherapeutic DPYD genotyping, whereas it is not recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network in the USA. Irrespective of DPYD genotyping, strict therapeutic drug monitoring is highly recommended to reduce the incidence and severity of adverse events.
Bioprosthetic mitral valve thrombosis: the role of cardiac CT in diagnosis and guiding the management
Authors: Helal Ayman , Alama Mohamed , Hamid Abdul , Nishtar Salman
Published: April 2024

A patient in his 60s with a bioprosthetic aortic and mitral valve replacement presented with dyspnoea, tiredness and dizziness 2 years postoperatively. Transthoracic echocardiography showed mitral valve stenosis and increased pulmonary artery pressure suggesting bioprosthetic valve failure. Cardiac CT confirmed the diagnosis of bioprosthetic mitral valve thrombosis. Treatment with anticoagulation resulted in a remarkable improvement of the valve area and gradient and complete resolution of the thrombus. Herein, we report a case of rare bioprosthetic mitral valve thrombosis.
Clinical and neuroradiographic features of fentanyl inhalation-induced leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Eden Christopher O , Alkhalaileh Duna S , Pettersson David R , Hunter Alan J , Arastu Asad H
Published: April 2024

A man in his late 40s with no known past medical history was unresponsive for an unknown period of time. Crushed pills and white residue were found on a nearby table. On presentation he was obtunded and unresponsive to verbal commands but withdrawing to painful stimuli. The initial urine drug screen was negative, but a urine fentanyl screen was subsequently positive with a level of 137.3 ng/mL. MRI of the brain showed reduced diffusivity and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity symmetrically in the bilateral supratentorial white matter, cerebellum and globus pallidus. Alternative diagnoses such as infection were considered, but ultimately the history and workup led to a diagnosis of fentanyl-induced leukoencephalopathy. Three days after admission the patient became able to track, respond to voice and follow basic one-step commands. The patient does not recall the mechanism of inhalation. While there are case reports of heroin-induced leukoencephalopathy following inhaled heroin use and many routes of fentanyl, this is the first reported case of a similar phenomenon due to fentanyl inhalation.
Unrecognised paraganglioma of the urinary bladder precipitating hypertensive crisis
Authors: Youssef Marina , Sewell James , Grills Richard
Published: April 2024

Bladder paragangliomas (bPGLs) account for only 0.06% of all bladder tumours, most commonly presenting with post-micturition syncope and hypertensive crisis. Silent paragangliomas are very rare, and failure to recognise them in the perioperative setting can precipitate a hypertensive crisis in the absence of sufficient alpha-blockade. Here, we describe a case of unrecognised bPGL in a woman with pre-existing hypertension and a single prior episode of haematuria thought to be related to urothelial carcinoma. She was found to have a low-grade non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (potentially the cause of her haematuria) and an unrelated vascular-appearing tumour causing hypertensive crisis and broad complex tachycardia on resection. This was confirmed to be a bPGL on histology for which she underwent definitive management with a partial cystectomy following blood pressure management.
Oculomasticatory rhythmic movements, insomnia and stroke-like episodes in a patient with POLG mutation
Authors: Ramesh Rithvik , Amanmahanya Chitneni , Krishnamoorthy Vengadakrishnan , Krishnan Vasanthan , Palani Sathyamoorthy , Narasimhan Ranganathan Lakshmi
Published: April 2024

The POLG mutation, a leading cause of mitochondrial diseases, exhibits a wide-ranging age of onset and a complex clinical presentation. We encountered an atypical clinical profile in an elderly man with a POLG mutation, characterised by a stroke-like episode, chronic insomnia and transient oculomasticatory rhythmic movement. History revealed chronic constipation since his 50s and progressive bilateral ophthalmoplegia since his early 60s. Subsequently, he had experienced acute encephalopathy and later developed chronic insomnia. The present neurological examination showed bilateral complete ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and rhythmic ocular and jaw movements. Imaging indicated findings suggestive of a stroke-like episode and eventual genetic analysis revealed a homozygous missense mutation in the POLG gene. This case expands the clinical spectrum of POLG mutations in individuals over 60 years, showcasing the rare combination of a stroke-like episode, chronic insomnia and oculomasticatory rhythmic movement.
Best practices for the dissemination and implementation of neuromuscular training injury prevention warm-ups in youth team sport: a systematic review
Authors: Lutz Destiny , van den Berg Carla , Räisänen Anu M , Shill Isla J , Kim Jemma , Vaandering Kenzie , Hayden Alix , Pasanen Kati , Schneider Kathryn J , Emery Carolyn A , Owoeye Oluwatoyosi B A
Published: April 2024

Objective

To evaluate best practices for neuromuscular training (NMT) injury prevention warm-up programme dissemination and implementation (D&I) in youth team sports, including characteristics, contextual predictors and D&I strategy effectiveness.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

Seven databases were searched.

Eligibility

The literature search followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria: participation in a team sport, ≥70% youth participants (<19 years), D&I outcomes with/without NMT-related D&I strategies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Downs & Black checklist.

Results

Of 8334 identified papers, 68 were included. Sport participants included boys, girls and coaches. Top sports were soccer, basketball and rugby. Study designs included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (29.4%), cross-sectional (23.5%) and quasi-experimental studies (13.2%). The median Downs & Black score was 14/33. Injury prevention effectiveness (vs efficacy) was rarely (8.3%) prioritised across the RCTs evaluating NMT programmes. Two RCTs (2.9%) used Type 2/3 hybrid approaches to investigate D&I strategies. 19 studies (31.6%) used D&I frameworks/models. Top barriers were time restrictions, lack of buy-in/support and limited benefit awareness. Top facilitators were comprehensive workshops and resource accessibility. Common D&I strategies included Workshops with supplementary Resources (WR; n=24) and Workshops with Resources plus in-season Personnel support (WRP; n=14). WR (70%) and WRP (64%) were similar in potential D&I effect. WR and WRP had similar injury reduction (36–72%) with higher adherence showing greater effectiveness.

Conclusions

Workshops including supplementary resources supported the success of NMT programme implementation, however, few studies examined effectiveness. High-quality D&I studies are needed to optimise the translation of NMT programmes into routine practice in youth sport.
Sepsis screening protocol implementation: a clinician-validated rapid realist review
Authors: Melville Jonathan , Carr Tracey , Goodridge Donna , Muhajarine Nazeem , Groot Gary
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The failed or partial implementation of clinical practices negatively impacts patient safety and increases systemic inefficiencies. Implementation of sepsis screening guidelines has been undertaken in many settings with mixed results. Without a theoretical understanding of what leads to successful implementation, improving implementation will continue to be ad hoc or intuitive. This study proposes a programme theory for how and why the successful implementation of sepsis screening guidelines can occur.

Methods

A rapid realist review was conducted to develop a focused programme theory for the implementation of sepsis screening guidelines. An independent two-reviewer approach was used to iteratively extract and synthesise context and mechanism data. Theoretical context-mechanism-outcome propositions were refined and validated by clinicians using a focus group and individual realist interviews. Implementation resources and clinical reasoning were differentiated in articulating mechanisms.

Results

Eighteen articles were included in the rapid review. The theoretical domains framework was identified as the salient substantive theory informing the programme theory. The theory consisted of five main middle-range propositions. Three promoting mechanisms included positive belief about the benefits of the protocol, belief in the legitimacy of using the protocol and trust within the clinical team. Two inhibiting mechanisms included pessimism about the protocol being beneficial and pessimism about the team. Successful implementation was defined as achieving fidelity and sustained use of the intervention. Two intermediate outcomes, acceptability and feasibility of the intervention, and adoption, were necessary to achieve before successful implementation.

Conclusion

This rapid realist review synthesised key information from the literature and clinician feedback to develop a theory-based approach to clinical implementation of sepsis screening. The programme theory presents knowledge users with an outline of how and why clinical interventions lead to successful implementation and could be applied in other clinical areas to improve quality and safety.
Occupational injuries caused by fire and smoke in Victoria, Australia, 2003–2021: a descriptive study
Authors: Berecki-Gisolf Janneke , Wah Win , Walker-Bone Karen
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Hospital attendance related to fire, flame or smoke exposure is commonly associated with work. The aim of this study was to examine time trends and risk factors for work-related fire/flame/smoke injuries in Victoria, Australia.

Methods

This study was based on emergency department (ED) presentation records from the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset, 2003–2021. Cases were people aged 15–74 years with injury-related ED presentations, if cause of injury was recorded as fire/flame/smoke, based on coded data and/or narratives. Work-related rates were calculated per employed persons; non-work rates were calculated per population. Work-related and non-work-related cases were compared using logistic regression modelling.

Results

There were 11 838 ED presentations related to fire/flame/smoke: 1864 (15.7%) were work-related. Non-work-related rates were 12.3 ED presentations per 100 000population, and work-related rates were 3.43 per 100 000employed personsannually. Over the study period, work-related rates decreased annually by 2.0% (p<0.0001), while non-work rates increased by 1.1% (p<0.0001). Work-related cases (vs non-work) were associated with summer (vs winter), but the association with extreme bushfire periods (Victorian ‘Black Saturday’ and ‘Black Summer’) was not statistically significant. Work-related cases were less severe than non-work-related cases, evidenced by triage status and subsequent admission.

Conclusions

Rates of occupational fire/flame/smoke-related injury presentations decreased over the past two decades in Victoria, while non-work-related rates increased. This could reflect improved safety in the workplace. Hospital data, however, cannot be used to distinguish occupation or industry therefore, employment data linkage studies are recommended to further inform workplace preventive measures.
Characteristics analysis and nonlinear control of a digital hydraulic pressure tracking system for high-speed helicopter wet friction clutch
Authors: Gao Qiang , Liu Huayi , Niu Mingyang
Published: April 2024

The reliability and control precision of the engagement and disengagement of wet friction clutch are crucial to the transmission of high-speed helicopters. In contrast to the traditional proportional hydraulic system, the digital hydraulic system provides a viable solution due to the use of several fast switching valves (FSVs). In this research, a digital hydraulic pressure tracking system using two fast switching valve arrays (DHPTS-FSVA) is proposed and its nonlinear model is established. First, the static and dynamic characteristics of the DHPTS-FSVA are deeply analyzed by virtue of the half-bridge resistance theory. Moreover, a novel pressure control strategy is proposed, which consists of nonlinear adaptive control method, differential pulse width modulation (PWM) with pressure compensation, and logic allocation strategy of PWM duty ratio. Finally, comparative simulation and experimental results indicate that the maximum, average, and standard deviation of the errors are reduced by at least 16.1%, 45.1%, and 39.5%, respectively, at the tracking frequencies of 1 and 2 Hz, which proves that the proposed controller exhibits better tracking performance at low frequencies.
$$\bar{B}_s^0 \rightarrow D_{s1}(2460)^+ K^-, D_{s1}(2536)^+ K^-$$ and the nature of the two $$D_{s1}$$ resonances
Authors: Lin Jia-Xin , Chen Hua-Xing , Liang Wei-Hong , Xiao Chu-Wen , Oset Eulogio
Published: April 2024

Starting from the molecular picture for the $$D_{s1}(2460)$$

D

s
1

(
2460
)

and $$D_{s1}(2536)$$

D

s
1

(
2536
)

resonances, which are dynamically generated by the interaction of coupled channels, the most important of which are the $$D^*K$$

D
∗

K

for the $$D_{s1}(2460)$$

D

s
1

(
2460
)

and $$DK^*$$

D

K
∗

for the $$D_{s1}(2536)$$

D

s
1

(
2536
)

, we evaluate the ratio of decay widths for the $$\bar{B}_s^0 \rightarrow D_{s1}(2460)^+ K^-$$

B

¯

s
0

→

D

s
1

(
2460
)

+

K
-

and $$\bar{B}_s^0 \rightarrow D_{s1}(2536)^+ K^-$$

B

¯

s
0

→

D

s
1

(
2536
)

+

K
-

decays, the latter of which has been recently investigated by the LHCb collaboration, and we obtain a ratio of the order of unity. The present results should provide an incentive for the related decay into the $$D_{s1}(2460)$$

D

s
1

(
2460
)

resonance to be performed, which would provide valuable information on the nature of these two resonances.
Synchronization in a higher-order neuronal network with blinking interactions
Authors: Deivasundari Parvathysankar , Natiq Hayder , He Shaobo , Peng Yuexi , Hussain Iqtadar
Published: April 2024

The synchronization of higher-order networks presents a fascinating area of exploration within nonlinear dynamics and complex networks. Simultaneously, growing research interest focuses on uncovering synchronization dynamics in time-varying networks with time-dependent coupling structures, reflecting their prevalence in real-world systems like neuronal networks. Motivated by this, the present study delves into the synchronization phenomenon within a higher-order network incorporating a blinking coupling scheme. Blinking coupling is an on–off switching coupling that has been demonstrated to enhance synchronization effectively. Its efficacy stems from ensuring synchronization, as the master stability function (MSF) follows a linear pattern. In this study, our objective is to investigate such a time-varying coupling scheme in a higher-order network configuration. We investigate the influence of coupling parameters and blinking frequency on synchronization behavior. Notably, our findings demonstrate that as the blinking frequency increases, the network exhibits a gradual convergence toward the behavior of the average network. Furthermore, leveraging the analytical framework of MSF and the average synchronization error, we provide analytical and numerical evidence confirming that the MSF pattern within the average network transforms into a linear function. The synchronous and asynchronous regions also exhibit a clear separation demarcated by a linear curve across the coupling parameter space. Moreover, our results suggest that incorporating higher-order interactions fosters enhanced synchrony by effectively scaling the synchronization patterns to lower coupling parameter values.
Theoretical analysis of colonic crypt and colorectal cancer model through Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative
Authors: Hamam Haneen , Awan Aziz Ullah , Medani Mohamed , Alroobaea Roobaea , Bukhari S. A. H. S. , Fathima Dowlath
Published: April 2024

This study aims to analyze the solution of a system of differential equations that describes the mathematical modeling of cell population dynamics in colonic crypt and colorectal cancer. The Caputo–Fabrizio fractional order derivatives are used to fractionalize the model. The corresponding mathematical model is solved by the Laplace transform, which helps transform differential equations into terms of algebraic equations. The Partial fraction technique is used to find the inverse Laplace of the governing equations. To assess the credibility of the results, graphical simulation has been investigated by manipulating certain parameters. There is a special scenario, namely when [Formula: see text], where the solutions obtained align with those already documented in the literature. This alignment ensures that the initial conditions are met and confirms the accuracy of our solutions.
Dynamical analysis of exact optical soliton structures of the complex nonlinear Kuralay-II equation through computational simulation
Authors: Iqbal Mujahid , Lu Dianchen , Seadawy Aly R. , Alsubaie Nahaa E. , Umurzakhova Zhanar , Myrzakulov Ratbay
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we successfully extracted the various types of soliton solutions for the complex nonlinear Kuralay-II equation through the improved F-expansion method with symbolic computational software Mathematica. The extracted soliton solutions for the Kuralay-II equation are interesting, novel and more general such as anti-kink wave solitons, dark solitons, kink wave solitons, bright solitons, periodic wave solitons, mixed solitons in bright-dark soliton shape, peakon solitons, and solitary wave structures. The graphical structure of some extracted solutions is visualized in 2D, 3D and contour plottings with imaginary, real, and absolute values of the functions by using the numerical simulation. The proposed research will contribute to advancing our knowledge about the complex nonlinear Kuralay-II equation and demonstrating the applicability to the proposed approach to investigate other higher-order complex nonlinear equations. The successful investigation demonstrated that the proposed method is effective, simple, more powerful, efficient and can be utilized on a variety of other nonlinear equations. The explored solitary waves and optical solitons will play an important role in the investigation of nonlinear phenomena in various domains of science and engineering.
Dynamical analysis and extraction of solitonic structures of a novel model in shallow water waves
Authors: Raza Nauman , Jannat Nahal , Basendwah Ghada Ali , Bekir Ahmet
Published: April 2024

In this study, we utilized a novel auto-Bäcklund transformation and the extended transformed rational function approach to analyze the extended reduced Jimbo–Miwa equation, a prominent equation within the KP hierarchy. The homogenous balance technique was employed to derive the auto-Bäcklund transformation of the equation, leading to the extraction of new exact solutions exhibiting solitary patterns. Additionally, we applied the extended transformed rational function method, which relies on the Hirota bilinear form of the governing equation, to generate complexiton solutions. Furthermore, we included 3D graphics visualizing the obtained solutions.
PACMHCI V8, CSCW1, April 2024 Editorial
Authors: De Choudhury Munmun , Ding Xianghua , Guha Shion , Pinatti de Carvalho Aparecido Fabiano , Cardoso Llach Daniel , Mustafa Maryam , Quercia Daniele , Wong-Villacres Marisol
Published: April 2024

We are extremely happy to be able to present the Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW) community with this issue of the Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, containing very interesting and relevant scholarship from its members. This issue includes 209 papers, of which 175 were accepted from the Jan 2023 cycle, and 34 were accepted from the Jul 2023 cycle. It reflects great efforts and contributions from external reviewers, Associate Chairs and Editors, who together have conducted a rigorous review process to select contributions of the highest quality advancing the CSCW field. As Track Chairs, we are grateful for the community's collective efforts to continue shaping and sharing CSCW's tradition of high-quality scholarship across the years.
"Because Some Sighted People, They Don't Know What the Heck You're Talking About:" A Study of Blind Tokers' Infrastructuring Work to Build Independence
Authors: Lyu Yao , Carroll John M.
Published: April 2024

There has been extensive research on the experiences of individuals with visual impairments on text- and image-based social media platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter. However, little is known about the experiences of visually impaired users on short-video platforms like TikTok. To bridge this gap, we conducted an interview study with 30 BlindTokers (the nickname of blind TikTokers). Our study aimed to explore the various activities of BlindTokers on TikTok, including everyday entertainment, professional development, and community engagement. The widespread usage of TikTok among participants demonstrated that they considered TikTok and its associated experiences as the infrastructure for their activities. Additionally, participants reported experiencing breakdowns in this infrastructure due to accessibility issues. They had to carry out infrastructuring work to resolve the breakdowns. Blind users' various practices on TikTok also foregrounded their perceptions of independence. We then discussed blind users' nuanced understanding of the TikTok-mediated independence; we also critically examined BlindTokers' infrastructuring work for such independence.
Belief Miner: A Methodology for Discovering Causal Beliefs and Causal Illusions from General Populations
Authors: Salim Shahreen , Hoque Md Naimul , Mueller Klaus
Published: April 2024

Causal belief is a cognitive practice that humans apply everyday to reason about cause and effect relations between factors, phenomena, or events. Like optical illusions, humans are prone to drawing causal relations between events that are only coincidental (i.e., causal illusions). Researchers in domains such as cognitive psychology and healthcare often use logistically expensive experiments to understand causal beliefs and illusions. In this paper, we propose Belief Miner, a crowdsourcing method for evaluating people's causal beliefs and illusions. Our method uses the (dis)similarities between the causal relations collected from the crowds and experts to surface the causal beliefs and illusions. Through an iterative design process, we developed a web-based interface for collecting causal relations from a target population. We then conducted a crowdsourced experiment with 101 workers on Amazon Mechanical Turk and Prolific using this interface and analyzed the collected data with Belief Miner. We discovered a variety of causal beliefs and potential illusions, and we report the design implications for future research.
Better Living Through Creepy Technology? Exploring Tensions Between a Novel Class of Well-Being Apps and Affective Discomfort in App Culture
Authors: Seberger John S. , Choung Hyesun , Snyder Jaime , David Prabu
Published: April 2024

Well-being apps promise to improve people's lives. Yet evidence shows that the data-hungry app culture that contextualizes well-being apps normalizes the user experience of affective discomfort. This apparent contradiction raises a difficult question: Is it responsible to ask people to improve their well-being by engaging further with an app culture that normalizes affective discomfort? We approached this question by deploying an online, scenario-based survey (n=688) about a fictional, but realistic well-being app called "Thalia." Thalia represents a novel class of well-being apps that are envisioned to: (i) utilize AI-driven facial recognition and analysis; and (ii) collect data for use in medical contexts. We found that people perceived Thalia to be affectively discomfiting even as they judged Thalia to be beneficial. Such findings imply a trade-off between 'better living through technology' and the negative affective implications of surveillance capitalistic app culture. Such a trade-off necessitates high-level analysis of just what "well-being" means in the context of contemporary app culture. Through analysis and discussion, we explore a troubling interplay between novel well-being apps and affective discomfort that requires careful attention from HCI researchers if human-centered well-being -- flourishing -- is truly what our products are intended to foster.