bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis: review of intraoperative measures and recommendations
Authors: Abdelrahman Tamer M.
Published: August 2021

AbstractSymptomatic biliary stones are related with higher morbidity and mortality rates in patients with liver cirrhosis, especially when patients undergo surgery. The difficulty of cholecystectomy is worsened by liver cirrhosis, especially in patients with extensive liver fibrosis and portal hypertension.Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed safely in selected patients with cirrhosis. However, it can be challenging in many aspects and poses a greater degree of difficulty and thus should be performed by experienced surgical teams, who follow the recommendations and take in mined the special precautions which requested to increase safety of the operation and avoid  or reduce the morbidity and mortality , and also who able to tackle the more frequent intraoperative incidents or complications.In this review, we focus on of the technical difficulties and intraoperative recommendations that could be used to approach laparoscopic cholecystectomy in this patient population (trocar placement, intraabdominal pressure, visualization, gallbladder dissection, adjunct for hemostasis, intraperitoneal drains, and conversion to open surgery), and the alternative which can be used in advanced cases
Association of serum interleukin 6 levels with clinical outcome of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis
Authors: Sivasankaran Ramakrishnan , Mallesh Parvathi , Chikkaiah Prakash Banahalli , Zuhadulla Meer , Bhagvath Bhavana
Published: August 2021

Background: Interleukin 6 (IL6) is an inflammatory cytokine and hence used as a serological marker of inflammation. COVID-19 infections induces a state of hyperinflammation which makes it conducive for opportunistic infections like mucormycosis.Methods: The prospective single-center study considered adults patients of both the gender, diagnosed with COVID-19 infection by RT-PCR technique and clinically, microbiologically or radiologically confirmed cases of mucormycosis. Necessary demographic, clinical data and serum IL6 level were collected and selected subjects were followed up until discharge or death. Subjects were classified as those who survived and succumbed to death. Chi-square test was used to analyse for categorical data between the groups.Results: The study included 61 subjects, where in there was statistically significant association between serum IL6 levels with clinical outcome of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM). Serum IL6 levels were significantly higher in patients who died.Conclusions: Higher serum IL6 levels is associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with CAM. Hence it can be used as a marker to predict prognosis of the disease.
Population awareness about systemic lupus erythematosus in the Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mousa N. Alrashdi , Alrasheedi Sami M. , Khalifah Almasaud Abdulrahman , Abdulrahman Almosaiteer Sarah , A. AlHindi Hajar , Mohammed Alharbi Yousef , Saleh Almohimeed Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Background: The objective was to evaluate the level of awareness regarding systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) among the general population in the Al-Qassim region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out between March and April 2021 and conducted among the general population at Al-Qassim region, KSA. A valid pre-tested electronic questionnaire was distributed through social media among the targeted population that included socio-demographic characteristics and questionnaires measuring awareness, attitude and their belief about SLE. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.Results: A total of 377 participants were enrolled. The most common age group was more than 40 years old (39%), with slightly females (52.5%) than males. The prevalence of participants who had heard about SLE was 52.5%. Of those who have heard about SLE, a poor level of awareness was detected among 69.2% of participants, while 30.8% were at a good level. Factors associated with an increased level of awareness were having diagnosed been with SLE and those who indicated their doctor as their sources of SLE information.Conclusions: The awareness of the general population in the Al-Qassim region regarding SLE was insufficient. Obtaining SLE information from their doctor and having been diagnosed with SLE are associated with better awareness. We propose that awareness campaigns should be promoted.
Prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with hypertension among rural and urban population of Kisii County, Kenya
Authors: Ondieki Alex O. , Kimani Harun M. , Kahiga Titus M.
Published: August 2021

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 9.4 out of the 20 million cardiovascular deaths are due to HTN. HTN has often been described to be more prevalent in urban areas. However, there has been an epidemiologic transition from urban to rural areas which often go unreported or underreported. This gap therefore called for a study to compare the prevalence of HTN burden and assess how socio-demographic factors contribute to HTN development among the rural and urban population.Methods: This study methodology focused on HTN among residents aged 30-69 years, from urban and rural population of Nyaribari Chache sub county, Kisii County, Kenya using a descriptive cross sectional study in which 490 respondents were interviewed. Sampling involved a random sampling technique which entailed household selection. Data was analysed using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) version 21.Results: The prevalence of HTN for the sampled population was 44.668%. The prevalence of HTN was 44.134% in rural and 43.598% in urban areas. Rural population were more at risk of developing HTN than urban (OR=1.135 and RR=1.072). On general health, those who had ever been told that they had hypertension (p<0.000), ever been told that they had hypertension for the past 12 months (p=0.000) and those who were currently taking hypertension medication (p=0.026) were statistically significant variables.Conclusions: The study concludes that residents in rural population have higher prevalence of hypertension. Further, female respondents, those who are currently married, completed primary school education and were self-employed reported to have a higher prevalence of hypertension.
Determinación del comportamiento hidráulico de los acuíferos del norte de la Orinoquia, Colombia
Authors: Benavides Guerrero Carlos Esteban , Caro Caro Linda Elizabeth , Mariño Martínez Jorge Eliecer
Published: August 2021

La “sequía del Casanare” (2014-2015) prendió las alarmas sobre el desequilibrio en algunas zonas de la Orinoquia, debido al inadecuado uso del suelo, la tala indiscriminada y la ausencia de las entidades reguladoras. Como consecuencia, se presenta creciente estrés hídrico, cuyo resultado es la muerte masiva de animales, la pérdida de cultivos, etc. Por tanto, se hacen necesarios estudios adicionales para entender la dinámica hídrica en el norte del Casanare, las veredas de Caño Chiquito y Centro Gaitán, donde se presentaron los mayores estragos ambientales. Se investigaron los aspectos geológicos y geofísicos de la zona y se realizó la caracterización hidráulica, a partir de pruebas de bombeo, con las que se determinaron parámetros como la transmisividad, la capacidad específica, la conductividad hidráulica y el coeficiente de almacenamiento; con la finalidad de dar a conocer aproximaciones de las condiciones hidrogeológicas de la zona. La geología está determinada por el ambiente de depositación de abanico aluvial influenciado por corrientes fluviales en la sección media y depósitos eólicos en la zona más alejada del piedemonte, información corroborada por las secciones de tomografías. De acuerdo con las pruebas de bombeo, se estableció que se encuentran acuíferos de productividad que va de muy pobre a buena, de acuerdo con los valores de transmisividad, con permeabilidades que oscilan de muy bajas a bajas, en relación con los valores de conductividad hidráulica; además, según su capacidad específica, los acuíferos varían en su extensión y continuidad, cuando se trata de acuíferos locales (depósitos cuaternarios) a regionales (Formación Guayabo).
Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of Last Millennium Sediments in the Marriaga Swamp, Atrato Delta, Colombia
Authors: Betancurth Montes Liliana , Cañón Barriga Julio Eduardo
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the first paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the last 1,130 a of the Marriaga Swamp in the Atrato River delta in northwestern Colombia. The geochemical analyses of a 220 cm sediment core retrieved from the swamp reveal interesting climatic episodes and sedimentary changes in the last millennium. We split the core into three segments, according to sediment features, organic carbon content (OC), and geological ages. Records show different alternations of humid and dry periods, biological productivity, carbonate precipitation, weathering grade, and high heavy metal concentrations. The segments also concur with the geochemical differences determined by (Zr+Rb)/Sr, Ca/Ti Mn/Fe, OC/Ti, Mg/Ca Ba/Al, Sr/Al, and Ca/Al ratios. The older sequence (between 1,130 ± 90 a and 870 ± 70 a) shows a dry period with intermittent flooding events and high OC production in subareal conditions, followed by a more humid environment between 870 ± 70 a and 530 ± 40 a, with depletion of trace element ratios and OC. The more recent period (530 ± 40 a to present) evinces an environment dominated by the fluvial regime, based on a lower Ca/Al ratio and a rise of OC. The statistical correlations display three main clusters that distinguish among organic-biological productivity, bedrock source components, and heavy metal inputs.
Seven quick tips for beginners in protein crystallography
Authors: Kurpiewska Katarzyna , Borowski Tomasz
Published: August 2021

The aim of this brief review is to provide a roadmap for beginning crystallographers who have little or no experience in structural biology and yet are keen to produce protein crystals and analyze their 3D structures to understand their biological roles. To achieve this goal it is crucial to perform crystallization, structure determination, visualization and analysis of the protein’s structural features related to its biological function. Keeping that objective in mind, tips presented herein cover the most important steps in a crystallographic endeavor and present a selection of databases and software which can aid and accelerate the whole process. We hope that this short overview will help novices coming from different disciplines to navigate a protein crystallography project and, hopefully, allow avoiding some costly mistakes, even though being a crystallographer means learning by trial and error.
Биоимпедансный анализ состава тела студентов и спортсменов
Authors: Шарапова С.А. , Басангова А.Н. , Щукина Д.О.
Published: August 2021

С помощью биоимпедансного метода установлены различия в составе тела у спортсменов и студентов, не занимающихся профессиональным спортом. Более выраженные различия в составе тела выявлены у девушек.
Прочностной расчет вала поворота фрезерной головки установки в программе АПМ WinMachine
Authors: Бикметов Я.И. , Яппаров А.А. , Галимов Д.Ф.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, относящиеся к определению параметров детали и произведение прочностных расчетов в программе АПМ Win Machine. В работе предложен вал поворота фрезерной головки установки по ремонту подбарабанья комбайна.
Экономические теории оплаты и вознаграждения
Authors: Акбашева Д.М. , Унежева Д.В. , Байкулова Ф.А. , Арова А.Р. , Боташева А.Т.
Published: August 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются теории влияния оплаты труда и стимулирования на эффективность работы персонала. Вопрос оплаты и вознаграждения, можно сказать, является наиболее важной частью работы для людей на рабочем месте, поскольку они ожидают вознаграждения или компенсации за приложенные усилия, поэтому работодатели и организации установили регулярные пакеты вознаграждений, чтобы гарантировать, что работники получают зарплату и остаются лояльными к своей работе.
Оценка динамики валового производства продукции сельского хозяйства Воронежской области
Authors: Измайлова Л.Н. , Чмырёва Т.А. , Василенко А.А.
Published: August 2021

В данной статье была оценена динамика валового производства продукции сельского хозяйства в целом по России, ЦФО и Воронежской области. Проанализировано производство сельскохозяйственной продукции на душу населения. Показаны рекомендуемые рациональные нормы потребления продуктов в год на человека, отвечающие медицинским нормам.
Проблемы денежно-кредитной и финансовой политики в современной экономике России
Authors: Ильяшенко В.В.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные проблемы денежно-кредитной и финансовой политики на современном этапе развития российской экономики с учетом ситуации с коронавирусной инфекцией. Отмечено, что их решение требует проведения соответствующей экономической политики. Приведены меры, которые могут способствовать выходу из экономического кризиса и экономическому росту.
Оценка взаимодействия банковского и реального секторов экономики
Authors: Нодиров О.Р.
Published: August 2021

Современные условия посткризисного развития экономики определяют необходимость активного использования банковских ресурсов для обеспечения бесперебойного финансирования реального сектора, избыточные средства которого служат ресурсной базой для коммерческих банков. Поэтому использование эффекта конвергенции для повышения эффективности взаимодействия банковского и реального секторов экономики целесообразно. В статье дается оценка основных направлений взаимодействия банковского и реального секторов экономики и форм перспективных направлений сотрудничества.
Микрофинансирование как фактор развития бизнеса
Authors: Султонова Н.И.
Published: August 2021

В данной статье анализируется текущая ситуация в Узбекистане в международном рейтинге «Doing Business» и исследуется кредитная деятельность микрокредитных организаций и коммерческих банков в стране, которая имеет прямое влияние на данный показатель.
Определение кадастровой стоимости земельного участка ООПТ «Сосновая роща»
Authors: Русинова Н.В.
Published: August 2021

В работе проведен анализ кадастрового деления территории охраняемой зеленой зоны «Сосновая роща». Рассчитаны концентрации загрязняющих веществ в выбросах автотранспорта. Методом биоиндикации определены токсичность почвы и зоны экологического неблагополучия на территории земельного участка. Выполнены балльная оценка и расчет кадастровой стоимости участка с учетом влияния антропогенного фактора.
Performance of the Head of State Elementary School in Implementing Health Protocols During the Covid-19 Transition
Authors: Ardianingsih Eramayu , Sridana Nyoman , Witono H.A. Hari
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the performance of the Principal of State Elementary Schools in Narmada Subdistrict in implementing health protocols in the transition period of COVID-19, by conducting a survey of teachers, taking into account gender variables, staffing status, employment period, certification status. This research uses quantitative approach with survey method. The research population is 98 public elementary school teachers who are taken from 2 teachers each 1 low grade teacher and 1 high grade teacher from 49 public elementary schools in Narmada Subdistrict, West Lombok Regency, Indonesia. The minimum sample was determined by 86 people with random sampling techniques. The principal's performance data was collected by conducting a survey of teachers using questionnaires distributed online using google form. The results showed that there was no significant difference to the performance of the principal of the State Elementary School in Narmada Subdistrict, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tengara, Indonesia in the application of health protocols in the transition period of COVID-19 from the results of a survey of four varied, namely from gender differences, employment status and teacher certification status.
Quranic-Intellectual Recitation of the Truth of the Religion Perfection, Considering the Necessity of Internal and External Compatibility of the Third Verse of Surah Ma'idah, along with a Critique of Sunni Views
Authors: Rezai Javad , Shahrokhi S. Ahmadreza , Karimivala Mohammadreza
Published: August 2021

The perfection verse (third verse of Surah Ma'idah) is one of the most important verses of the Qur'an in the guardianship and Imamate discussion, in which the sects generally refer to the following interpretive narrations in explaining it while there is a lot of controversies. Shiite narrations consider the verse revelation on the day of Ghadir and about the guardianship of Imam Ali (PBUH), but the Sunnis deny this.  In this article, for the first time, by categorizing the views of the Sunnis and considering the necessity of internal compatibility of the content of the verse and external compatibility with other verses and the intellectual necessities and without quoting narrations, is proven that the perfection of religion is possible only with Imamate and Wilayah with a novel style; and this is the Shiite vote. This research easily refuted all the possibilities mentioned in Sunni sources by the mentioned method and without the need to enter into the usual disputes in the interpretation of the verse. Recognize the time of verse revelation and proving the scope and territory of the Imamate and the Imam’s conditions are other results of this research.
The Concept of Islamic Education in Achieve Mahabbah (Love) Rabi'ah Al-Adawiyah (A Study on the Implementation of Akidah Akhlak Subjects at Islamic Boarding School of Al-Junaidiyah Biru, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia)
Authors: Hajar Andi , Mahmud Moh. Natsir , Damis Rahmi , Salahuddin Salahuddin
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine and understand the form of Akidah Akhlak learning related to the concept of mahabbah (love) Rabi'ah Al-Adawiyah at Islamic Boarding School of Al-Junaidiyah Biru, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study with primary data being the teacher of Akidah Akhlak subject and secondary data are documents related to these subjects. The results showed that there were five aspects in the Akidah Akhlak subject related to the concept of mahabbah (love) which was popularized by Rabi'ah al-Adawiyah which was applied to Islamic education at Islamic Boarding School of Al-Junaidiyah Biru, Bone Regency, namely: Aspects of faith, commendable morals , aspects of despicable morals, aspects of etiquette, aspects of the story. The five aspects in this study can be realized well by the students
Oeteta Local Community Social Solidarity towards Bugis-Makassar Traders in Kupang Regency
Authors: Beni Wahid Hasyim TRA , Hardipurnomo Eko , Nurdin Nurdin
Published: August 2021

This paper discussed about the social solidarity that exists between local people and Bugis-Makassar trader in Oeteta, Futuleu District, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. This paper is to answer the question of how the solidarity between them intertwined, and how does the Bugis-Makassar trader agree in Oeteta ?, and what are the forms of social solidarity between them? To answer that, the research method used is qualitative. The research location is in Oeteta Village, Futuleu District, Kupang Regency. In general, this paper discusses the social solidarity in the village of Oeteta due to community awareness of changes and improvements in life. Therefore between the locals and the Bugis-Makassar merchants, they worked hand in hand to join forces. Likewise, Bugis-Makassar traders are good at adjusting or regulating with local residents so that a sense of solidarity arises between them. As forms of social solidarity between local residents and Bugis-Makassar traders can be seen in the social, economic and religious fields.
The Urgency of Regulating Online Arbitration in Dispute Settlement of E-Commerce Transactions in Indonesia
Authors: Liemanto Irene Fransisca , Hamidah Siti , Dewantara Reka
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the urgency of arrangements regarding Online Arbitration in dispute resolution on e-commerce transactions and to analyze the conceptualization of Online Arbitration in dispute resolution on e-commerce transactions. This research uses the statue approach to analyzing and tracing the regulations related to Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) and trade disputes. The legal material analysis technique was carried out by using the descriptive analysis method. ODR must have a clear legal basis. But in reality, in Indonesia until now the ODR does not have a legal basis even though in several laws and regulations it has opened opportunities for ODR to enter and also in article 72 paragraph (2) of the Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 concerning Trade Through Electronic System states that settlement of disputes through electronic systems can be resolved via ODR. The ODR concept, especially online arbitration, which will be adopted by Indonesia, can be implemented by first reformulating existing regulations, particularly in Law No. 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Other Alternative Dispute Resolution. By reformulating the rules contained in the Law, it can be used as a rule that also underlies the use of ODR in Indonesia. Incorporating the ODR concept into Indonesia is also carried out by making comparisons with other countries that have used it first so that Indonesia has an overview and inspiration in making the concept of ODR in Indonesia.
Formulation of Legal Provisions Concerning Gender Change
Authors: Alam Mochamad Ade Syukur Nur , Budiono Abdul Rachmad , Madjid Abdul , Istislam Istislam
Published: August 2021

Sex change that is carried out through a medical process or commonly called sex change surgery, invites pros and cons in the community. The purpose of this study is to formulate regulations regarding the formulation of legal provisions regarding sex change that can reflect justice, benefit, and legal certainty as well as support the welfare of Transgender and Ambiguous Genitalia sufferers. This research is a normative legal research with philosophical, legislative, conceptual,case and comparative approaches. The analysis technique uses descriptive, comparative, evaluative and argumentative techniques. The results of the study indicate that the formulation of legal provisions regarding gender change is the use of the phrase the right to live in physical and spiritual prosperity in the formulation of legal norms as a large group that can reach various things, and the prohibition against plastic surgery to change identity, except for patients who have received court decision.
A Discourse of Theater Performance in Improving Nationalism in Surakarta
Authors: Tarwanto Roni Desi , Susanto Dwi Susanto , Abdullah Wakit Abdullah
Published: August 2021

Indonesian nationalism is the manifestation of Indonesians’ love to their State and homeland based on Pancasila. Nationalism is now in new civilization vortex called globalization and encounters increasingly big challenge. The feeling of nationalism has been eroded now and faded gradually as time progresses. Therefore, many parties begin to revive nationalism spirit through some activities, one of which is through theatrical art. Theatrical art was expected to improve nationalism in Surakarta City. Surakarta City or so called Solo is an autonomous area with city status under Central Java Province. This article attempted to discuss “what the role of theatrical art is in improving nationalism”.  For that through theater performances with themes that uphold the values of nationality have represented and increased nationalism in the city of Surakarta.                                                                                      Keywords: Discourse, Theatrical Performance, Nationalism, theater comunity in Surakarta City
Use of Modern Requirements in Beautification and Landscaping of City Streets
Authors: J Axmedov , A Mirzaolimov
Published: August 2021

The development of any country is assessed on the basis of the well-being of its villages and cities, the culturally well-organized landscapes, the smoothness of the roads and corners, the pleasant scenery. Building the country's cities in harmony with nature will ensure its beauty and create a healthy eco-environment.
Pro-Civil Society Empowerment Programs of Fishermen in the West Coast Region of Buleleng Regency
Authors: Sukraaliawan I Nyoman , Anom Kumbara A.A. Ngurah , Bagus Wirawan A.A. , Made Metera I Gde
Published: August 2021

The marine area of the west coast of Buleleng Regency has great potential for fisheries and marine affairs which, if managed properly, will be able to provide welfare for people who depend on the fisheries and marine sectors such as fishing communities. However, the reality is that there are still many fishermen who are in poverty so this is an irony for an area that has rich marine potential but the condition of the fishing community is still in the shackles of poverty so that policies or empowerment programs that are more pro-civil society are needed. This research was conducted to find out some of the actions of empowering fishing communities in the West Coast Region of Buleleng Regency, so that they can be useful both theoretically and practically. Data collection methods were carried out through interviews with several informants to obtain primary data and also through observation methods and document studies. Data analysis will be carried out using qualitative analysis, namely organizing data, sorting it into manageable units, synthesizing it, looking for and finding patterns, so that a conclusion is obtained. The research revealed that the sectoral government has implemented several actions that are part of the coastal community empowerment program including fishermen through several activities, namely strengthening the entrepreneurial culture of fishermen, strengthening fishermen's institutions, strengthening participation, strengthening fishermen's capital and through providing revolving capital assistance, as well as infrastructure assistance. As a result, fishing communities can experience positive benefits from empowerment efforts such as increasing fishery and non-fishery business diversification and wider fishing range so that it can affect the socio-economic conditions of fishermen who are getting better. It can be suggested to the related parties, that the fishing community should be provided with fisherman business capital assistance by the government through financial institutions that are no longer considered burdensome to fishermen, such as the necessity of guarantees or collateral in the form of certificates or BPKB when obtaining fisherman business credits that have been This is a complaint of the fishing community, especially the small fishermen.
Content Syncretism of Adjectives Expressing "White" Color in the Uzbek Language
Authors: Muydinovich Tojiyev Alimjon
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the breadth of semantic field of the lexemes which express white color in Uzbek, the presence of syncretic phenomena in its lexical nature, such as polysemantic, metaphorical, metonymic, enontesemic, occasional, pragmatic, connotation which can illuminate semantic syncretism.
Roles and Responsibilities of Notary Under Transformation Business Institution from Commanditaire Vennootschap (CV) Become a Legal Entity Limited Liability Company (PT) (Study in Mataram City)
Authors: Fauziah Anita , Sood Muhammad , Pria Suhartana Lalu Wira
Published: August 2021

This study aims to analyze the roles and responsibilities of a notary in the change of a CV business entity to a PT legal entity and the legal consequences of changing the CV business entity to a PT. This research is focused on Normative-Empirical research, using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and a sociological approach. The results of this study, the role of the notary in changing the CV business entity to become a PT legal entity is to settle debt which is then used as a reference to determine the initial capital in PT. Make an announcement in the newspaper that the CV will be upgraded to a PT, the Notary submits an application to obtain a Ministerial decision regarding the legalization of a legal entity electronically and the Notary's responsibility in changing the CV business entity to a PT legal entity can be classified on the responsibility based on errors because the Notary is responsible for the process change from start to finish. Legal consequences that occur with changes. First, the change in status from a CV to a legal entity of PT. Second, the minimum paid-up capital. Third, unlimited responsibility. Fourth, if the CV in charge of managing the company and is personally responsible is a complementary partner. In the PT GMS, the Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioners. Fifth, related to ongoing engagements must still be completed by CV or PT and no transfer of engagement is carried out.
Evaluating Students’ Cyber Ethics Awareness in a Gender-Segregated Environment Under the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abou Naaj Mahmoud , Nachouki Mirna
Published: August 2021

Cyber ethics are essential components of information technology. The COVID-19 situation has brought unprecedented challenges to traditional higher education institutions, especially for students using their electronic devices in all their learning activities. This study focused on cyber ethics perceptions among university undergraduates’ students during COVID-19 conditions. It aims to analyze the extent to which distinct attributes, such as gender, education level, grades, or Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), and major are related to cyber ethics awareness. An online survey was conducted on a sample of 322 undergraduates studying Information Technology majors and other majors to assess university students' cyber ethics awareness levels at a University in the UAE. The results show that, in general, respondents were aware of cyber ethics. In particular, gender and education level were found to directly affect cyber ethics awareness, while major and grades have no statistically significant effect.
Diagnosis of COVID-19 by Serology in Admitted Patients with Negative RT-PCR Assay
Authors: Rezaei Mitra , Baghaei Parvaneh , Sadr Makan , Moniri Afshin , Babamahmoodi Abdolreza , Qadimi Somayeh , Pourabdollah Mihan , Nadji Seyed Alireza , Tabarsi Payam , Marjani Majid
Published: August 2021

Considering the increasing prevalence and burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and false-negative results in routine reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests, additional diagnostic methods are needed to diagnose active cases of this disease.
This prospective study was conducted on patients, in whom clinical and radiological symptoms/signs were in favor of COVID-19 while their first PCR test was negative. Later on, a second RT-PCR was performed and serological evaluation was carried out and results were compared with each other.
Out of 707 patients who had been referred to the hospital and were clinically and radiologically suspicious of disease, 137 patients with negative RT-PCR tests entered the study. RT-PCR assay became positive for the second time in 45 (32.8%). Anti-COVID-19 IgM and IgG antibodies were positive in 83 (60.6%) and 86 (62.8%) patients, respectively. Finally, it was determined that serological test was diagnostic in 73% of patients and the diagnostic yield of serology was significantly higher after the first week of illness (54.8% in the first week and 88% after that). Taking advantage of both serological tests and RT-PCR helps in diagnosing 83.9% of cases.
Based on the present study, the serology may be useful as a complementary test and in parallel to RT-PCR assay for diagnosis of COVID-19 among admitted symptomatic cases.
Investigating the Variation of TREC/KREC in Combined Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Shakerian Leila , Nourizadeh Maryam , Badalzadeh Mohsen , Fazlollahi Mohammad Reza , Shoormasti Raheleh Shokouhi , Saghafi Shiva , Esmaeili Behnaz , Alizadeh Zahra , Borte Stephan , Houshmand Massoud , Hammarström Lennart , Pourpak Zahra
Published: August 2021

T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC)/Kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KREC) assay has been recently recognized for detecting patients with primary (T- and/or B-cell) immunodeficiency (PID). We aimed to investigate the alterations of these biomarkers in some combined immunodeficiency patients compared to the healthy controls in different age groups.
TREC and KREC were assessed in a total of 82 PID patients, most of them with exact genetic diagnosis (3 months to 42 years); using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Patients had a final diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (n=23), ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) (n=17), hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) (7 with DOCK8 deficiency, 4 with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) deficiency, and 8 children with unknown genetic defects), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) (n=20), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP)deficiency(n=1), dedicator of cytokinesis2 (DOCK2) deficiency (n=1), recombinase activating gene1 (RAG1) deficiency (n=1).
Very low to zero amounts of TREC and/or KREC were detected in 14 out of 23 cases of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), 14 out of 17 cases of AT, 8 out of 20 cases of WAS, 6 out of 7 cases of DOCK8-deficiency patients, 4 out of 8 cases of HIES with unknown genetic defects and all patients with defects in DOCK2, PNP, and RAG1. STAT3-deficient patients were normal for both biomarkers. All patients showed a significant difference in both markers compared to age-matched healthy controls.
Our findings highlight that apart from severe types of T/B cell defects, this assay can also be used for early diagnosis the patients with late-onset of disease and even PIDs without a positive family history.
Combined Training Improves the Expression Profile of Inflammation-associated Antimicrobial Peptides, MicroRNAs, and TLR-4 in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Yousefi Saqqezi Saman , Azamian Jazi Akbar , Hemmati Roohullah , Jivad Nahid
Published: August 2021

Some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), microRNAs (miRs), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) are involved in autoimmune diseases, which may be affected by exercise training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an eight-week combined exercise training (aerobic and resistance) on the expression of inflammatory factors, including, human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2), cathelicidin (LL-37), TLR-4, miR-23b, miR-155, and miR-326 in women with relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), which has not been investigated yet.
Twenty-three women (20-40 years) with RRMS were randomized into the combined training (CT) and control (CON) groups. The CT group subjects completed eight weeks of supervised CT using a treadmill and stationary bicycle for aerobic exercise and weight machines for resistance exercise. The expression levels of hBD-2, LL-37, TLR-4, miR-23b, miR-155, and miR-326 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the baseline and end of the study.
Although the expression of hBD-2 and miR-23b decreased in both CT and CON groups, the reduction was lower in the CT group than in the CON group (p=0.001). The expression of LL-37 in the CT group remained unchanged, but that of the CON group increased; thus, the between-group difference was significant. Although the TLR-4, miR-155, and miR-326 expression increased in both groups compared to the baseline, the increase in the CT group was lower than the CON group.
Our results showed that the combined training might improve inflammatory symptoms by affecting the expression of some AMPs, miRs, and TLR-4 in patients with relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis.
Interferon-gamma Expression Profile as Diagnostic Signatures of Unexplained Infertility in Female Patients Suffer from Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Authors: M. Rashad Nearmeen , Shabrawy Reham Mohamed El , Radwan Ahmed M. , Allam Reem M. , Abdul-Maksoud Rehab S. , Sherif Magda M.
Published: August 2021

Diagnosis of unexplained infertility (UEI) is made by exclusion and a relatively common problem that affects couples worldwide. Unfortunately, it is a not uncommon for females to suffer from Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Interferon-gamma (IFN- γ) has a central key role in HT and in the ability to conceive. We aimed to estimate serum IFN- γ level and its expression profile in Egyptian women with HT and assess their possible association with UEI.
In this study, we examined 120 women with HT. We evaluated fertility in all patients; female patients who suffer from UEI were detected. Diagnosis of HT was based on the clinical data and the laboratory measures, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum IFN- γ, and the expression of IFN-γ messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
According to the results of this study, 37.5 % of the studied females who suffered from HT were diagnosed with UEI. The serum level of IFN-γ and its gene expression showed a significant positive correlation with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid autoantibodies. However, a negative correlation was found with anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), free T4 (FT3), and free T4 (FT4). Analysis by linear regression revealed that TSH and FT3 were associated with serum level of IFN-γ; while FT3 was associated with IFN-γ gene expression.
We concluded that both are valued markers in diagnosing UEI in female patients suffering from HT.
The Relationship between Serum and Gene Expression Levels of RANK, RANKL and Osteoprotegerin Inflammatory Pathway with Unstable Angina: A Case-control Study
Authors: Farrokhian Alireza , Miraftab Mahtab , Chenari Minoo , Akbari Hossein , Nikoueinejad Hassan , Naimi Effat
Published: August 2021

Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), the members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, have multiple effects on bone metabolism, endocrine functions and, as an inflammatory pathway, in the immune system. This study tried to determine the association of the OPG/RANKL/RANK axis with the severity of unstable angina (UA) as an inflammatory condition.
Our study involved 50 patients with UA and 50 healthy people. Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from all participants. Serum levels and gene expression of OPG, RANKL, and RANK in mononuclear cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. For each patient with UA, the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) and the global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) scores were determined to evaluate the severity of the disease. Then we analyzed the relation of OPG, RANKL, and RANK levels with TIMI and GRACE scores in patients with UA. Discriminate analysis was used to predict the combinational models of such factors on the prediction of UA.
Serum levels of OPG and RANKL (p<0.001) and gene expression of RANKL (p<0.001) were significantly more in patients than those in healthy ones. No relation was seen between the OPG/RANKL/RANK axis and the severity of UA according to TIMI and GRACE scores.
Our study shows that serum level, as well as gene expression of OPG/RANKL/RANK axis neither, predicts the occurrence of UA nor shows any relationship with its severity.
Redes territoriales: relaciones de crianza kichwa lamista y San Martín como «región verde»
Authors: Chaparro Anahí
Published: August 2021

Este artículo plantea un ejercicio de antropología simétrica, siguiendo los caminos propuestos por Latour (1994), al comparar dos redes —no desconectadas entre sí— articuladas por distintas formas de conocer: la de las relaciones que constituyen el territorio de «San Martín, región verde» y la de las relaciones de crianza de los kichwa lamista, partiendo de la comunidad de Alto Pucalpillo. El interés de este artículo es aproximarnos a los vínculos que este conocer activa a través de sus efectos, a sus modos de constituir sujetos y de producir el territorio. Por un lado, el entrelazamiento entre humanos, plantas, animales y otros seres que comparten el mismo entorno, como sujetos con agencia, afectos y voluntad propia, conforma una red de cuidados, no exenta de tensiones. Por el otro, la red de actores que participan en la conservación de la «región verde» se relaciona con el territorio en tanto realidad objetiva de la cual puede extraer una verdad. A partir de un conocimiento técnico-científico que concibe como neutral, crea mapas que definen fronteras en el espacio y entre lo legal y lo ilegal, al mismo tiempo que cuestiona la condición de las comunidades nativas como sujetos de derecho. Con ello, no se pretende afirmar que entre ambas redes no existan puntos de encuentro, sino la necesidad de encaminar una coexistencia nutritiva.
Historia y disponibilidad de sal en el Bajo Huallaga. Formas de apropiación de una mina de sal en una comunidad kichwa
Authors: Valderrama Zevallos Miguel
Published: August 2021

Se exploran los vínculos entre los kichwa de la comunidad nativa Callanayaku, en el Bajo Huallaga, y la mina de sal del mismo nombre, a partir de lo que dicen sobre su aprovechamiento en el pasado. En los relatos sobre la historia de esta mina se resaltan varias interacciones entre los kichwa de Callanayaku con personas foráneas (empleados de una empresa de recaudación de impuestos, indígenas de otros pueblos, comerciantes, personal de salud) a través de la circulación de la sal, en especial del intercambio comercial. La disponibilidad de la sal para todos estos grupos es explicada por las personas en la comunidad a través del control sobre las relaciones sociales en las redes de comercio y la distribución de la sal.
«La sangre no puede mentir». Entre una concepción genético-estratégica del territorio y una manera relacional de ver el mundo
Authors: Volpi Laura
Published: August 2021

Los nativos kichwa (selva alta peruana) están enfrentando un conflicto territorial debido al establecimiento de un Área de Conservación Regional en sus tierras de origen. Para cuestionar la legitimidad de sus reivindicaciones territoriales, el gobierno regional está planteando la hipótesis de una migración andina kichwa. Por otro lado, varios mediadores culturales esperan ayudar a este pueblo utilizando algunas investigaciones biomoleculares (Sandoval et al., 2016; Barbieri et al., 2017) que certifiquen «científicamente» su relación ancestral con las tierras reclamadas. Este artículo busca examinar los malentendidos existentes sobre los conceptos de «ascendencia» y «territorio», cuyo significado, en el ámbito indígena, supera los límites impuestos por la jurisdicción nacional y la terminología jurídica. De hecho, a pesar de haber asimilado un discurso genético-ancestral, varios líderes indígenas hoy lo van remodelando a la luz de una concepción nativa del territorio, entendida como una compleja red de relaciones, presentes y activas, entre los seres humanos vivos y los ancestros.
El concepto de racionalidad en los estudios sociales agrarios
Authors: Liceaga Gabriel
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se problematiza el concepto de racionalidad, mostrando una vía posible para su utilización en el marco de los estudios sociales agrarios y la antropología económica. En primer lugar, se despeja teóricamente el camino, relacionando y distinguiendo simultáneamente dos conceptos: el de «racionalidad moderna» y el de «racionalidad económica». Luego, se exponen algunas mediaciones teórico-metodológicas que permiten realizar un uso categorial de aquellos conceptos. Más adelante, se elaboran algunas reflexiones epistemológicas sobre esta cuestión. Finalmente —y a modo de conclusión— se recapitulan las principales contribuciones realizadas, enfatizando la vinculación entre preocupaciones de orden general, ligadas al desarrollo de la modernidad, con algunas de sus plasmaciones históricas en el orden agrario y la antropología económica.
Natural Insecticidal Activity of Mentha piperita (Peppermint) Oil Nanoemulsion against Agricultural Pest Aulacophora foveicollis (Red Pumpkin Beetle) for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Iqbal Farhath Matheen , Livingstone Ananthi Rachel , Lingam Kalaiyarasi , Suyambu Pavithra
Published: August 2021

Background: Red pumpkin beetle, Aulacophora foveicollis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a serious agricultural pest of cucurbit plants. Chemical pesticides have been in practice for many years to control the pests. Recently, the plant essential oils were formulated as nanoemulsion, have gained interest for their effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. The current study was aimed to assess the efficacy of Mentha piperita nanoemulsion against an agricultural pest A. foveicollis. Methods: M. piperita essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS technique. Ulrasonication method was used to formulate the nanoemulsion. The stable nanoemulsion was investigated and characterized by DLS. The efficacy of the nanoemulsion was screened against the pest of cucurbits, A. foveicollis at different concentrations and compared with its own bulk emulsion. Result: In GC-MS technique, menthol was found to be the major component with the highest percentage of 16.47 and the nanoemuslion was prepared in different ratios comprising of peppermint oil, surfactant, acetone and water. The stable nanoemulsion was investigated and characterized by DLS with mean droplet size of 10.84nm, PDI was 0.1 and zeta potential was -45 mv, altogether proves to be the good stability of nanoemulsion. The Bioassay was conducted for about 96 hours and the highest mortality was recorded in the nanoemulsion than the bulk emulsion. The resulted LC50 value of nanoemulsion is 22.38% v/v is found to be effective than the LC50 value of bulk emulsion is 87% v/v, respectively. Thus, from the results obtained the nanoemulsion was found to be highly significance than that of the bulk emulsion. So, nanoemuslion may be used as an eco-friendly agent against the agricultural pest management.
Combining Ability of Selected Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Parental Lines
Authors: Otusanya Gbemisola O. , Chigeza G. , Chander S. , Abebe A.T. , Sobowale O.O. , Ojo D.K. , Akoroda M.O.
Published: August 2021

Background: The success of hybridization programme depends on the combining ability of parental lines. Methods: Seven soybean genotypes and all their partial diallel crosses in the F2 generation were evaluated in a randomized complete block design at two locations in Nigeria, during the 2017-2018 growing season. Result: Analysis of variance showed that both environments and genotypes were significantly different for all measured traits. The genotype TGx 1988-5F was the best general combiner for earliness in flowering and poding, while TGx 1448-2E was the best general combiner for number of pods/plant and seed yield/plant. Crosses having significant and positive specific combining ability effect for number of pods/plant and seed yield/plant were TGx 1485-1D × TGx 1448-2E and TGx 1988-5F × TGx 1989-19F, respectively. Genotypes TGx 1988-5F and TGx 1448-2E exhibiting good general combining ability for earliness and seed yield/plant, are thus, promising for utilization in the future hybridization programme for soybean improvement.