bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wordsworth's Unremembered Pleasure
Authors: Freer Alexander
Published: November 2020

Wordsworth’s writing detects and investigates pleasures that are overlooked, underacknowledged, and ‘unremembered’. This book explores Wordsworth’s sustained interest in the ethical and aesthetic value of lost, inaccessible, and unfelt pleasure throughout his poetry and critical prose. Such pleasures are marginal and fleeting; they pass by silently and are recognized only retrospectively. Yet they shape the aims, technique, and ultimately the whole affective economy of Wordsworth’s writing. Rather than understanding the domain of pleasure to be subjective personal experience, Wordsworth posits affects and attachments beyond conscious experience and possession. By tracing the intertwined history of romanticism and psychoanalysis, the work teases Wordsworth’s interest in unnoticed experience apart from the psychoanalytic concepts that have shaped our understanding of it. Reading Wordsworth against Freud, it rethinks central critical categories: repression, sublimation, mourning, happiness, pleasure, and the gift. In Wordsworth’s account of composition, it locates the resources to rethink poetic pleasure: not as wish-fulfilment, nor as aesthetic escape, but as an engaged and reparative relation to the world.
Unremembered Pleasure
Authors: Freer Alexander
Published: November 2020

Chapter 1 begins from Wordsworth’s frustrations with his own memory while walking in the Swiss Alps, before considering the ways in which Wordsworth’s early loco-descriptive verse works through problems of perception, retention, and representation. Reading Wordsworth against a long tradition which positions him as the poet of memory, it traces a persistent interest in lost and unnoticed images and affects, which are neither consciously experienced nor traumatically repressed. It goes on to study and develop Wordsworth’s use of the term ‘unremembered pleasure’ in ‘Tintern Abbey’, presenting the possibility of unnoticed and retrospectively acknowledged satisfaction as an alternative to the broadly empirical and descriptive way readers have often expected or hoped for the poem to work. Turning to anthropological theory, the chapter develops an account of unregistered experience, and above all lost pleasure, as a form of gift
The Infancy of Affection
Authors: Freer Alexander
Published: November 2020

Chapter 2 considers Wordsworth’s accounts of very early life and its passions, from early drafts of the poem that would become The Prelude to the 1807 ‘Ode’. It reads Wordsworth’s poems as ambivalent narratives of human development, placing them alongside related accounts of genesis and individuation in psychoanalytic writing and criticism. It puts Wordsworth’s poetics of infancy into dialogue with Didier Anzieu’s tactile account of an early ‘skin ego’ and Mutlu Konik Blasing’s developmental theorization of lyric. In this context, Wordsworth’s poems resist normative narratives of development, and testify to a kind of early pleasure spread so widely that it becomes an inseparable element of perception itself, suggesting a formative role comparable to (but pointedly at odds with) psychoanalytic accounts of an ‘original’ trauma.
Metrical Pleasures
Authors: Freer Alexander
Published: November 2020

Chapter 3 reads Wordsworth’s poetic theory as a far-reaching account of compositional pleasure. It considers the crucial relation between of poetry’s claims to truth and its claims to produce and communicate pleasure, and uses the question of poetic pleasure to explore the tense relation in Wordsworth’s prose between real language and events and the artificial and mechanical operation of verse. It goes on to position Wordsworth’s theory of poetry in opposition to the persistent critical problem of sublimation. In place of the assumption that artistic pleasures must be substitute satisfaction or sheer fantasy, it explores the claim that poetry might disclose existing but unacknowledged pleasure in the world. The challenges and pleasures of metrical verse, it argues, are for Wordsworth constitutive of its retrospective, reparative forms of attention. The chapter concludes by returning to Wordsworth’s poetry and considering how metrical pleasure might function as a form of mourning.
Sustaining Elegy
Authors: Freer Alexander
Published: November 2020

Chapter 4 explores Wordsworth’s poems and drafts related to the death of his brother John. It reads these poems with and against prevailing accounts of elegy, showing how Wordsworth’s poems variously accord with and challenge their broadly psychoanalytic logic. The chapter traces critical accounts of elegy back to Freud’s model of mourning, noting both its generative qualities and its limitations. In particular, psychoanalytic accounts of mourning foreclose our capacity to imagine what might be termed elegiac surprise. The chapter goes on to locate in Wordsworth’s writing a distinctly different logic; his grief poems do not abandon or even memorialize John, but uncover in verse fresh traces of a lost brother. Wordsworth reimagines the metapsychology of the elegy and the life of his late brother in the same gesture.
Happiness in Time
Authors: Freer Alexander
Published: November 2020

Chapter 5 considers the broader significance of unremembered pleasure across Wordsworth’s authorship by reassessing the commonly observed decline and dissatisfaction of the so-called ‘late’ Wordsworth. From the 1817 odes to some of Wordsworth’s last poems, it explores non-narrative forms of lateness in Wordsworthian lyric. By refusing a narrative account, these poems can see the pleasures of youth as something other than a rival to satisfaction in old age. The chapter argues that a number of Wordsworth’s later odes add up to an ambitious attempt to re-think happiness itself, an attempt that depends on the possibility of separating the significance of pleasure from the satisfaction of possessing it. Drawing on Anahid Nersessian’s account on ‘adjusted’ utopian thinking, it shows how at its most quietly ambitious moments, Wordsworth’s writing on happiness delaminates pleasure from the exhausting drive to have and retain it, so that pleasure might survive memory.
Conclusion
Authors: Freer Alexander
Published: November 2020

The Conclusion develops some broader claims about unremembered pleasure by considering Wordsworth’s retrospection across his authorship. Beginning from Paul de Man’s concerns over romantic nostalgia, it traces some varieties of nostalgia from the eighteenth century to the present. In opposition to nostalgic longing, it suggests that Wordsworth’s retrospection might be understood as a form of underdetermined attachment, freed from the expectation of possession or recovery. Returning to the comparative questions raised in the Introduction, it reflects on the ways that romanticism and psychoanalysis might continue to inform one another while remaining distinct traditions of writing. Finally, it returns to the question of affective education, tracing the prospect of ‘learning to love’ through Wordsworth’s writing.
Futures of Enlightenment Poetry
Authors: Stewart Dustin D.
Published: November 2020

This book offers a revisionist account of poetry and embodiment from Milton to Romanticism. Scholars have made much of the period's theories of matter, with some studies equating the eighteenth century's modernity with its materialism. Yet the Enlightenment in Britain also brought bold new arguments for the immateriality of spirit and evocative claims about a coming spirit realm. Protestant religious writing was of two minds about futurity, swinging back and forth between patience for the resurrected body and desire for the released soul. This ancient pattern carried over, the book argues, into understandings of poetry as a modern devotional practice. A range of authors agreed that poems can provide a foretaste of the afterlife, but they disagreed about what kind of future state the imagination should seek. The mortalist impulse-exemplified by John Milton and by Romantic poets Anna Letitia Barbauld and William Wordsworth-is to overcome the temptation of disembodiment and to restore spirit to its rightful home in matter. The spiritualist impulse-driving eighteenth-century verse by Mark Akenside, Elizabeth Singer Rowe, and Edward Young-is to break out of bodily repetition and enjoy the detached soul's freedom in advance. Although the study isolates these two tendencies, each needed the other as a source in the Enlightenment, and their productive opposition didn't end with Romanticism. The final chapter identifies an alternative Romantic vision that keeps open the possibility of a disembodied poetics, and the introduction considers present-day Anglophone writers who continue to put it to work.
Introduction
Authors: Stewart Dustin D.
Published: November 2020

The introductory chapter elaborates definitions of two opposed but entangled poetic tendencies, calling one mortalist and the other spiritualist. It draws extended examples from John Milton (particularly from Paradise Lost [1667] and De Doctrina Christiana); from Edward Young (especially from Night Thoughts [1742–6], identified as the poem central to the study); and from several late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century Anglophone poets, including Lucie Brock-Broido, Michael Symmons Roberts, Danez Smith, Tracy K. Smith, and Kevin Young. Some of these writers, the chapter argues, surprisingly keep alive a poetics of disembodiment derived from the Enlightenment. The introduction ends with a discussion of some relevant questions in literary criticism (concerning materialism, Pre-Romanticism, historical poetics, and lyric studies) and then a personal word about the author’s perspective on the spiritualities explored in the book.
An Education for the Present
Authors: Stewart Dustin D.
Published: November 2020

This chapter focuses on John Milton’s Paradise Regain’d (1671), arguing that a mortalist temporality keeps its hero’s education unfinished. To explain why Milton’s brief epic is such a strangely presentist work, with both the past and the deep future of the Son of God inaccessible, the chapter places the poem in a fresh theological context and establishes points of continuity with John Biddle, the Socinian firebrand who wrote the Confession of Faith Touching the Holy Trinity (1648) and probably translated the Racovian Catechism (1652). But Milton goes further than Biddle and the Socinians do, the chapter proposes, in constraining the Son’s knowledge about himself and his purpose. Trying to extend the poetic now, spliced between the old and the new, the poem invites readers to join the Son in resisting the temptation to reach too far ahead, to the expected consolations of resurrection and then heaven.
Gender after Sex
Authors: Stewart Dustin D.
Published: November 2020

Leading off a new section, this chapter maintains that Elizabeth Singer Rowe—an early eighteenth-century devotional writer who was once a household name on both sides of the Atlantic—discovered in the promise of life after death the prospect of gender after sex. The chapter, which accounts for the full span of Rowe’s career, argues that her ecstatic verse initially defines femininity in terms of spirit. (Matter she codes as masculine, polemically associating it with the libertines.) Later letters and poems develop a further idea of femininity as a power of self-reinvention. Disembodied and feminized souls can creatively remake themselves in the afterlife and perhaps also in poetry capable of propelling readers and writers there ahead of time. The chapter ends by considering Rowe’s place in scholarly accounts of “feminization” in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world. Her enthusiasm, it concludes, released her at times from the exemplary femininity that modern critics have too often taken her to illustrate.
Failure and Revision at the Vatican
Authors: Siegel Jonah
Published: November 2020

Every museum is the repository not only of the objects it gathers together, but also of the spoken and unspoken concepts that determined the accumulation of its collections. The previous two chapters have addressed the intersection of idea, experience, and mediation in the reception of antique art in literature. This brief interchapter traces changes in the account of the classical antiquities on display at the Vatican museums as reflected in changes to the text of the most influential travel guide to Rome when it was revised at the end of the nineteenth century. The transformations in these volumes vividly demonstrate the cultural challenges that result when concept and collection no longer match up as they once had. As new claims about the history of classical art emerged, and new kinds of antique objects came to be valued, language had to be found to address the unbridgeable gaps that opened up between history and aesthetic values as a tradition of admiration became ever more distant from the materials on which it has been built.
Pater at the Museum/Raphael’s Fortune
Authors: Siegel Jonah
Published: November 2020

For all the losses that anti-museal writing has traced to the emergence of the modern museum (the erasure of the unique value of each piece on display by its placement in a heterogeneous whole; the impossibility of promoting an experience similar to that of the original conditions of making or display of particular works; the undermining of the cultural coherence a work is understood to instantiate, etc.), the institution itself may be understood to open up the possibility of correcting the very idealizing or abstracting sensibilities with which those same losses have generally been associated. In Walter Pater, the museum is a place of real experience, and his career-long reflection on the significance of the kinds of encounters—and so of the kinds of ideas—it makes possible or necessary is the subject of this chapter. The critic’s long engagement with Raphael, I argue, is shaped at every turn by his revisionist engagement with the long-standing convention of viewing the painter as a model for the productive relationship between admired art of the past and a creative modernity. As Pater adds new conceptual subtlety to the nineteenth-century vision of Raphael as model, the artist becomes a figure for the most powerful and meaningful disposition of a material past.
Introduction
Authors: Wagner Tamara S.
Published: November 2020

The Introduction surveys the divergent representations of babyhood in the nineteenth century. It situates the present study at the intersection of new work on the modern family and changing parenting realities, as well as historical childhood and child care. After a detailed discussion of the most influential or mainstream portrayals of infancy in Victorian popular culture, such as the sentimentalized baby, the baby as victim in social reform writing, and the commodified baby, the Introduction addresses the importance of unusual, yet culturally significant depictions, including comical or sensationalized babies in fiction. How did these portrayals transform cultural fantasies and genre developments? How did iconic depictions of babyhood reflect, distort, or endeavour to change the lived realities of young children in Victorian Britain? The texts selected for close reading in the subsequent chapters include material that reveals unexpected sides to Victorian infancy, as well as works that have had a catalysing function for changing representational strategies. Critical attention to the diverse and at times ambiguous depiction of infancy in Victorian culture thus also produces new readings of canonical works that have hitherto not been considered from this angle.
‘How I Managed’
Authors: Wagner Tamara S.
Published: November 2020

The second chapter explores how nineteenth-century parenting publications shaped popular narratives of babyhood and baby care. A critical analysis of the power of the print media in producing as well as spreading rapidly commodified advice material allows us to reconsider the still persistent phenomenon of competing books on babies in its historical context. The expanding market of expert instructions reconfigured images of babyhood, codifying the baby as a source of anxiety that required clinical knowledge and intervention. Women writers of popular childrearing manuals such as Eliza Warren, the main rival of the bestselling Isabella Beeton, packaged infant care advice in narratives, at once trading on and endeavouring to reshape this market. A crucial link between putatively professional, systematically presented, parenting instructions and the interpolation of infant care advice in popular fiction, Warren’s full-scale childrearing manual in narrative form, How I Managed My Children from Infancy to Marriage (1865), provides a test case of the shifting focus on personal experience and new expert knowledge in the selling of parenting publications. Since the nineteenth-century market for these publications was informed by a general move to hands-on, practical advice, Warren’s strategies in creating her authorial persona to market a mother’s experience formed a symptomatic and influential component in the impact of advice literature both on perceptions of baby care and on the literary baby.
The Epigraphy of the ‘Greek Cities’
Authors: Bowman Alan
Published: November 2020

The inscriptions of the Ptolemaic period from the three ‘Greek cities’ of Naukratis and Alexandria in the Delta and Ptolemais in Upper Egypt illustrate the distinctive character of these foundations which contrasts with the indigenous towns of the Delta and the Nile Valley. They show some of the major instruments of Hellenization being introduced quite deliberately and explicitly in the form of civic administrative and governmental institutions. In particular, there is the opportunity in the epigraphic record to juxtapose these civic institutions with the progress of Hellenization and urbanization in the other Egyptian towns. There is also a significant number of important papyri which substantively complement the picture to be drawn from the epigraphic sources. This chapter discusses the evidence for the institutions of each of the three cities separately; the existence of citizen assemblies, councils, magistrates, and religious cults of Greek deities illuminates the broader picture of institutional Hellenization in the Ptolemaic period.
Notes from Vaticanus Graecus 578
Authors: Dutsch Dorota M.
Published: November 2020

S 178

᾽Επιστολαὶ πρός τινας τῆς σοφωτάτης Θεανοῦς‎

Letters to women from wisest Theano

S VIII 178, 180; T 197; Hercher 606 No. 7

<Θεανὼ‎> Εὐρυδίκῃ τῇ θαυμασίᾳ‎.

Τίς λύπη κατέχει τὴν‎ <σὴν‎> ψυχήν‎; ἀθυμεῖ‎<ς...
War in the Mountains
Authors: Macmaster Neil
Published: November 2020

The role of the peasantry during the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62) has been long neglected by historians, in part because they have been viewed as a ‘primitive’ mass devoid of political consciousness. This ground-breaking social history challenges this conventional understanding by tracing the ability of the peasant community to sustain an autonomous political culture through family, clan, and village assemblies (djemâa), organizations that were eventually harnessed by emerging guerrilla forces. The long-established system of indirect rule by which the colonial state controlled and policed the vast mountainous interior through an ‘intelligence state’ began to break down after the 1920s as the djemâas formed a pole of opposition to the patron-client relations of the rural élites. Clandestine urban-rural networks emerged that prepared the way for armed resistance and a system of rebel governance. The anthropologist Jean Servier, recognizing the dynamics of the peasant community, in 1957 masterminded a major counterinsurgency experiment, Opération Pilote, that sought to defeat the guerilla forces by constructing a parallel ‘hearts and minds’ strategy. The army, unable to implement a programme of ‘pacification’ of dispersed mountain populations, reversed its policy by the forced evacuation of the peasants into regroupement camps. Contrary to the accepted historical analysis of Pierre Bourdieu and others that rural society was massively uprooted and dislocated, the peasantry continued to demonstrate a high level of social cohesion and resistance based on powerful family and kin networks.
Popular Religion
Authors: Macmaster Neil
Published: November 2020

As communist and nationalist militants made direct contact with rural society they faced the difficulty of potential confrontation with the conservative nature of peasant ‘marabout’ culture, including rituals surrounding holy shrines, magic, and pilgrimages. The Native Affairs department made instrumental use of such traditional practices as a way of reinforcing popular support for the caids, the charismatic and patrimonial authority of chiefs like the bachaga Boualam in the Ouarsenis. However, such manipulation by the colonial state was contested in a number of ways. The annual cycle of pilgrimages, often involving thousands of peasants, was also used as an occasion by communist and nationalist leaders to address the crowds, as seen during a communist intervention during the pilgrimage to Miliana in May 1950 and 1951. Some pilgrimages, like that to the shrine of Sidi Maamar, were harnessed by anti-colonial peasant movements led by the djemâas. The reformist Ulema movement of Ben Badis, usually interpreted by historians as an urban-based movement, penetrated into the peasant communities of the Chelif region and students trained in the medersas and the great Islamic centres of Constantine, Tunisia, and Morocco returned to inject nationalism through Koranic schools that became a later support base of the FLN.
The Arzew Camp
Authors: Macmaster Neil
Published: November 2020

The chapter examines the success of the forms of psychological warfare deployed during Opération Pilote. A key element of Servier’s plan was to recruit peasants to undertake a crash training programme in the COIN centre at Arzew, so that they could be secretly reinserted in the douars to act as future political leaders. The first cohort proved to be of mediocre ability, and their placement in the douars, known to the FLN, proved to be perilous. The army turned to other techniques of mass brainwashing of the rural population, who were either subjected to propaganda teams or, at Warnier in the Chelif, placed in ‘re-education’ camps. Anthropology, promoted by Servier, was marginalized since army officers could not be rapidly trained in the necessary language and ethnology skills, and instead the army relied on behaviourist theories of conditioned reflexes and mechanical forms of mass indoctrination by repetition of slogans. The prefect, and some officers, were deeply scathing of the impacts of such brainwashing techniques. By August 1957 Opération Pilote was wound down but, despite its major failure, was promoted by top commanders as a great success, and was rapidly expanded across Algeria. The claims made for the experiment were supported by dubious forms of psychological mapping that claimed to plot the success of ‘pacification’.
Conclusion
Authors: Macmaster Neil
Published: November 2020

The book dismantles the conventional interpretation of the Algerian peasantry as incapable of organized resistance. The rural masses exercised dynamic forms of political autonomy, especially through the village assemblies. After 1918 the long established system of colonial indirect rule entered a phase of deepening crisis so that control of the peasantry by the intelligence state slipped away, providing an opportunity for the nationalists to take advantage of the subsequent power vacuum and, eventually, to create a form of ‘rebel governance’. After 1956 the attempts by counterinsurgents to replicate peasant organizations failed. The pattern located in the Chelif holds a key to our understanding of other regions of dispersed settlement in Algeria, and also for future comparative study of other insurrections, from Vietnam to Kenya. The enduring cohesion of the extended family that stood at the core of peasant organization and political autonomy survived through the disruption of the War of Independence and holds a key to the conservative forces at work in post-colonial Algeria.
Irregularity, paradigmatic layers, and the complexity of inflection class systems
Authors: Parker Jeff , Sims Andrea D.
Published: November 2020

The complexity of an inflection class system is the average extent to which elements in the system inhibit motivated inferences about the realization of lexemes’ paradigm cells. Systems tend to exhibit relatively low complexity in this sense. However, representations of inflectional systems tend to include only affixal and regular patterns, leaving questions about how irregular patterns and non-affixal ‘layers’ of inflectional exponence affect the complexity of systems. We address these questions by exploring four layers of inflectional exponence of Russian nouns, including irregular patterns within each layer. We find that Russian nouns exhibit relatively low complexity even when irregular and non-affixal exponence are included. Implicative structure and the uneven distribution of lexemes across classes mitigate the uncertainty associated with irregular and non-affixal exponence. Low systemic inflectional complexity is, thus, an emergent property that may extend beyond affixal and/or regular inflectional patterns.
Demorphologization and deepening complexity in Murrinhpatha
Authors: Mansfield John , Nordlinger Rachel
Published: November 2020

Inflectional allomorphy is a prototypical form of morphological complexity, introducing unpredictability into the mapping of form to meaning. In this chapter, we examine a system of verb inflection allomorphy in the Murrinhpatha language of northern Australia, which shows a high level of complexity as measured by unpredictability of analogical relations in inflectional exponence. We argue that in this case the unpredictability is associated with incremental demorphologization, the process whereby morphology gradually dissolves into unanalysable lexical form. We present observations of analogical change in Murrinhpatha, comparing contemporary fieldwork documentation with data from forty years earlier, showing that a long-term process of demorphologization is still underway in recent generations, resulting in increasing complexity of the system.
Canonical complexity
Authors: Nichols Johanna
Published: November 2020

This chapter proposes canonical complexity as a counterpart to enumerative/taxonomic/inventory complexity. While enumerative complexity measures complexity as the number of elements, features, values, etc., in a system, canonical complexity counts the number of departures from what is canonical, and provides a usable measure of non-transparency and inconsistency in that system. The chapter lays out the definitions, terms, domains, and criteria for measuring the canonical complexity of a representative sample of inflectional morphology in nouns, pronouns, and verbs. Applied to a 113-language worldwide sample, it shows that canonical and enumerative complexity are independent of each other and hence can function as distinct typological features; there are large-scale distributional trends of interest especially in the northern hemisphere; and canonical complexity levels appear to correlate well with the sociolinguistics of isolation vs. expansion.
Where is morphological complexity?
Authors: Mithun Marianne
Published: November 2020

A number of approaches have been taken to defining complexity in language. The issue is important, since underlying some theoretical models has been an assumption, sometimes explicit, sometimes unconscious, that the simplest formal description of a language naturally matches speaker knowledge. But it is not clear that complexity is the same for the analyst, the speaker, and the learner. Here the issue is explored in two languages with relative morphological complexity, but of different types, Central Pomo and Mohawk. First the speech of bilinguals with varying degrees of English dominance is compared. Next, the development of morphological complexity is traced in children learning Mohawk as a first language. The results indicate that complexity is indeed not the same for analysts, speakers, and learners, findings more in tune with abstractive models of morphology than constructive ones.
The Dutch Paradox
Authors: Gerards Janneke , van Ommeren Frank , Wolswinkel Johan
Published: November 2020

Even though the Netherlands was one of the founding fathers of the CoE, the impact of CoE conventions and soft law on Dutch administrative law and the development of the principles of good administration is rather patchy and uneven. This ‘Dutch paradox’ can be explained by the much more significant and direct impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on both substantive and procedural national administrative law. At least partly, this impact can be explained by the existence of a coherent body of ECtHR case law that is relevant to almost all areas of administrative law and that can be readily and easily applied on the national level. Nevertheless, the chapter concludes that it might be useful for Dutch authorities to keep an eye on other CoE instruments that may be relevant for the development of general administrative law, especially because the ECHR provides for minimum protection only.
The Council of Europe and Pan-European General Principles of Good Administration
Authors: Sand Inger-Johanne
Published: November 2020

This chapter discusses the impact of the pan-European principles of good administration on Norwegian administrative law. The chapter claims that the European Convention on Human Rights and other sources of the Council of Europe (CoE) have generally contributed to strengthening the ‘rule-of-law tradition’ in Norwegian law. This contribution is especially palpable in specialized fields like migration, family law and local self-government. However, in other fields, such as administrative procedural rights and access to information, the impact of the CoE seems to have been limited because the corresponding national regulations preceded many of the relevant conventions and recommendations of the CoE. The chapter concludes that Norway shows a willingness to be influenced by new administrative law standards developed by the CoE.
The Impact of the Pan-European General Principles of Good Administration on German Law
Authors: Stelkens Ulrich
Published: November 2020

This chapter discusses the impact on German administrative law of the pan-European general principles of good administration developed within the framework of the Council of Europe (CoE). The chapter highlights that most of the German core statutes on administrative law had already been enacted or were developed before the adoption of the said principles. Moreover, the low availability and the lack of translation of the ‘CoE sources’ as well as the (over)reliance of German courts on the national constitution in developing standards of individual protection present further hindrances for their full permeation. However—at least conceptually—German law lives up to the said principles and often even exceeds them. The chapter concludes that it seems to be only a matter of time and the right opportunity for such impact to become full-blown in the German legal system.
The Impact of the ECHR and of Pan-European General Principles of Good Administration on the Administrative Law of Portugal
Authors: Tavares Lanceiro Rui
Published: November 2020

This chapter explores the impact on Portuguese administrative law of the pan-European principles of good administration developed within the framework of the Council of Europe (CoE). It highlights that ratification of the European Convention on Human Rights has helped to deepen democracy and safeguard the protection of fundamental rights, not only in the direct aftermath of the democratic revolution of 25 April 1974 which brought down the dictatorship of the “Estado Novo” regime but up to today. The chapter further argues that numerous cases at the European Court of Human Rights have resulted in reforms to the Portuguese legal system, especially concerning fair trial requirements. At the same time the influence of other CoE conventions and recommendations remains somewhat limited. The chapter concludes that the overall impact of the pan-European principles of good administration has not been properly studied and, thus, complete evaluation thereof is not possible.
The Innocuous Impact of Pan-European General Principles of Good Administration on Hungarian Law and Legal Practice
Authors: Láncos Petra Lea
Published: November 2020

This chapter discusses the influence of the pan-European principles of good administration in the Hungarian legal system. It discloses that while the impact and role of these pan-European principles, in particular that of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, are growing in Hungarian legislation and jurisprudence, clear traces of them are still difficult to discern. It also finds that, despite some influence stemming from the Council of Europe (CoE) in the codification concepts underlying recent procedural reforms, the full potential to that effect is far from being realized. In particular, reliance on soft law instruments of the CoE remains problematic, in part due to legal formalism inherited from the country’s socialist past.
The Pan-European General Principles of Good Administration in Lithuania
Authors: Paužaitė-Kulvinskienė Jurgita , Andrijauskaitė Agnė
Published: November 2020

This chapter discusses the impact of the pan-European general principles of good administration in Lithuania. It shows that there is a general openness to incorporating these principles into the Lithuanian legal system, albeit not without limitations. This can be attributed to three major factors—legitimacy, a favourable legal framework and agency given to these principles by the domestic actors. Especially, administrative courts seem to be progressively facilitating their application. Yet, while in certain domains the said principles have permeated the Lithuanian legal system to a remarkable extent, in others their use seems to be somewhat underutilized, be it because of domestic regulatory sufficiency, EU influence or unwillingness to make use of these principles by adopting ‘softer’ legal instruments such as codes of conduct or administrative self-commitments.
Lip Service or Genuine Consideration of the Pan-European General Principles of Good Administration in Czechia?
Authors: Křepelka Filip
Published: November 2020

This chapter discusses the impact on Czech administrative law of the pan-European principles of good administration developed by the Council of Europe (CoE). It argues that the work of the CoE in the realm of administrative law has enjoyed a limited impact on Czech administrative law. This can be attributed to the fact that Czechia did not take part in the drafting of CoE standards as well as the EU’s influence, which is gaining more and more importance, among other things. The chapter concludes that despite this rather limited effectiveness of the pan-European general principles of good administration in Czech administrative law, this does not mean that they are useless for Czechia as a country in transition endangered by a relapse into illiberalism and authoritarianism. On the contrary, they may serve as a firewall against any eventual deterioration of the national framework.
A Tale of Europeanization
Authors: Dragoș Dacian C. , Chirila Cosmina
Published: November 2020

Romania became a Member State of the Council of Europe (CoE) in 1993. While Romania has had a democratic tradition, it also has a recent communist past. This chapter is dedicated to exploring the impact of the pan-European general principles of good administration on the Romanian legal system. It highlights that these principles play a seminal role in filling the gaps in Romanian legislation as well as in the case law. At the same time the Romanian administration is less willing to use them and relies mostly on domestic (written) law. Hence, the chapter argues that the pan-European general principles of good administration are still undergoing a process of structuring, awareness, and acceptance in Romania.
The Rhetoric of the Page
Authors: Maguire Laurie
Published: November 2020

This book explores blank space in early modern printed books; it addresses physical blank space (from missing words to vacant pages) as well as the concept of the blank. It is a book about typographical marks, readerly response, and editorial treatment. It is a story of the journey from incunabula to Google books, told through the signifiers of blank space: empty brackets, dashes, the et cetera, the asterisk. It is about the semiotics of print and about the social anthropology of reading. The book explores blank space as an extension of Elizabethan rhetoric with readers learning to interpret the mise-en-page as part of a text’s persuasive tactics. It looks at blanks as creators of both anxiety and of opportunity, showing how readers respond to what is not there and how writers come to anticipate that response. Each chapter focuses on one typographical form of what is not there on the page: physical gaps (Chapter 1), the &c (Chapter 2) and the asterisk (Chapter 3). The Epilogue uncovers the rich metaphoric life of these textual phenomena and the ways in which Elizabethan printers experimented with typographical features as they considered how to turn plays into print.
Making measures
Authors: Johnson-Hanks Jennifer A
Published: November 2020

This chapter discusses the production of demographic measures as a kind of translation. Most demographic data come from surveys or documents produced for administrative purposes, particularly censuses and vital registration. In each case, the production of the document requires that people translate what they understand about the world into demographic categories. As translation, the production of demographic data necessarily entails interpretation; as a translation into a less rich medium, it also involves reduction. The various kinds of demographic data vary considerably in how much they differ from the lived experiences that they translate and partially represent; translations performed mostly by researchers also differ from those performed exclusively by untrained respondents. When done well, there are substantial gains to demographic translation, as a joint result of quantification and aggregation.
‘They are more careful’
Authors: Krause Elizabeth L
Published: November 2020

This chapter analyses a poorly understood health practice: transnational caring for infants and children. A reproductive paradox provides the point of departure. A majority of births were registered to foreign women in Prato, Italy, yet many parents sent their babies back to China. The chapter focuses on decisions among transnational migrants, particularly Chinese parents working in the Made in Italy fashion industry, that result in the formation of global households. The chapter draws on hospital ethnography in the intimate space of a paediatric exam room and interviews with migrant parents and health-care workers. Qualitative data analysis reveals parents’ privileging of quality care. Findings challenge health-care professionals’ critical gaze and shed light on how migrant parents cope with transnational lives as non-citizen entrepreneurs and workers. Finally, understanding parental decision making may improve how practitioners approach health problems, particularly in a context of intensified migration and mobility.
General Introduction
Authors: Scott Dominic
Published: November 2020

Focusing on Plato’s Republic and Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, this book compares their views on the persuasiveness of moral argument: how far did they think it could reach beyond a narrow circle of believers and influence people more generally? Answering this question requires a wide-ranging approach, which examines their views on such topics as rationality, moral psychology, rhetoric, education, and gender. The first part of the book shows that for Plato certain kinds of argument are beyond the reach of most people, specifically arguments that make appeal to transcendent Forms. But he still thought that there is another level of argument, restricted to human psychology and politics, which could have a much wider appeal, especially if supplemented by the appropriate rhetoric. The second half of the book turns to the Nicomachean Ethics to determine Aristotle’s views about the reach of moral argument, as well as its purposes. He is certainly very restrictive when it comes to the kinds of argument pursued in the work itself, proposing to talk only to those who are mature in years and well brought up. Like Plato, however, he also allows for the possibility of another type of discourse, which is more rhetorical in nature and could benefit those who are less mature. Though mainly focused on the Republic and Nicomachean Ethics, this book also examines relevant passages from Plato’s Laws and Aristotle’s Politics.
Irrationality in Republic VIII–IX
Authors: Scott Dominic
Published: November 2020

According to the moral psychology of the Republic, one factor that might make people resistant to argument is the power of the non-rational parts: if sufficiently strong, they might prevent one from following arguments that advocate moral restraint. But how common does Socrates take such intransigence to be? Are most people too dominated by their non-rational parts to be able to follow even the shorter route? The best way of answering this question is to examine the account of the four degenerate characters in books VIII–IX, the section of the work that details what happens when the non-rational parts dominate the soul. In this chapter I examine the first two of these characters, the timocrat and the oligarch, concluding that the former might well be open to argument, but not the latter.
Women and Moral Argument
Authors: Scott Dominic
Published: November 2020

In the Republic, Plato famously admits women into the guardian class and expects them to have the same education as men. The question arises as to what sort of argument Aristotle thought suitable for women. Although the rational capacities of women are not mentioned in the NE, the issue does arise in the Politics. According to one widespread interpretation, women have similar rational capacities to men, but their deliberation is overpowered by emotion, rendering them essentially incontinent. Against this interpretation, I argue that Aristotle thought women’s rational capacity limited in a different way. The problem he has in mind here is not incontinence. Rather, they are able to deliberate well at the individual level and in the household, but not in the political sphere. But this means they would still benefit from rational discussion about eudaimonia and about most of the topics covered in the NE.
Emotional Ideologies
Authors: Scheer Monique
Published: November 2020

Chapter 1 argues that there are two dominant strands of emotion theory in Germany in the modern period, one of “Enlightened,” one of “Romantic” character, which exist side by side and are mobilized in sometimes paradoxical ways. These heuristic categories aim to organize the vast stores of knowledge about emotions, and what implications it has for judgments about emotional practice. They are philosophical and aesthetic traditions which intertwine with emotional styles and theological orientations, and both underlie the development of psychology as a natural-science discourse in the mid-nineteenth century. By virtue of the influence of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century German philosophy and social theory, they still undergird scholarly and everyday discourse on emotions and conviction to this day, even beyond the strictly German context. This argument is built on an analysis of emotion concepts stored in German encyclopedias from the eighteenth to twenty-first centuries, which document shifts in the location of “real” emotion as well as normative stances on what “real” emotion is. Understanding the historical trajectory of knowledge about emotion more generally helps situate the analysis of debates on enthusiasm in the following chapters.
Safeguarding Interiority
Authors: Scheer Monique
Published: November 2020

Following Chapter 1’s exploration of knowledge about emotions, Chapters 2, 3, and 4 examine how this plays out in practice. Chapter 2 looks at reactions to religious enthusiasm in nineteenth-century Germany to understand the demand for an interiorizing emotional practice. Starting with an examination of how the term Schwärmerei early in this period is redefined to create a kind of “proper,” inward religious experience, the chapter then focuses on the debates around how that interiority is to be accomplished. The emotional practices of evangelical revivals, the so-called “Protestant sects” and new forms of Methodism making their way across the Atlantic engender fascinated repulsion among liberal Protestant and scientific observers, but the focus in this chapter is on the deep and rather complex concern about them in the clerical press. German Lutheran pastors, unlike their more secular contemporaries, seek to maintain the possibility that the Holy Spirit can enter the heart, but view the exaltations of the “sects” as too exterior and superficial, and thus potentially dangerous. Harking back to older discourses, they fear such practices of enthusiasm can endanger the very institution of the Church.
Fifty Years at the Sibyl's Heels
Authors: Horsfall Nicholas
Published: November 2020

This is a posthumous selection of 42 articles from the 150 which Nicholas Horsfall (1946–2019) wrote over a span of fifty years. Horsfall was prodigiously learned and, although best known for his five massive and dauntingly erudite commentaries on Virgil, was both a Latinist and a Romanist; the selection exemplifies the wide range of his interests and the coherence of his approach. Many of the Virgilian papers, which form the majority of the selection, are classics, and all of them command attention. This Virgilian concentration does not detract, however, from the extreme interest and value of the non-Virgilian papers, several of which were far ahead of their time and have led to standard treatments of their subjects, and all of which remain thought-provoking. Horsfall delighted in publishing in a wide variety of journals in many different countries, and he wrote in more than one language. Five of the papers (including his ground-breaking paper on Camilla) appear here in an English translation for the first time; almost half the papers are not online or easily found. The collection illustrates well his intellectual curiosity and his need to keep searching and asking questions while accepting that there may be no answers: ‘it has become, in some quarters, difficult or dangerous to say we do not know or, worse, “we cannot know”, or so much as hint that there is something disquieting about the evidence that remains’ (‘The Prehistory of Latin Poetry’).
Dido in the light of history
Authors: Horsfall Nicholas
Published: November 2020

This paper provides an examination and new analysis of the Dido story in the first six books of Virgil’s Aeneid in light of Augustan attitudes towards Carthage. The paper examines the sources, finding no traditional evidence for a meeting between Aeneas and Dido, and debunks the view of Virgil having drawn Dido as a sympathetic figure. Instead the paper shows how Dido’s Carthage displays characteristics linked by the poet to the old hatreds of the Punic Wars, which had left an ineradicable legacy of fear and hate in the face of alleged Carthaginian cruelty and perfidy.
Aeneas the colonist
Authors: Horsfall Nicholas
Published: November 2020

It has not been sufficiently acknowledged that Virgil repeatedly, even systematically, presents Aeneas in the characteristic and unmistakable guise of a Greek oecist: the Aeneid is, amongst much else, very much an epic of urban settlement and colonization. That so much of the political matter of the Aeneid seems to be clarified when studied in terms of Greek colonial history will perhaps come as a surprise. Colonial settlement is a major thread in the texture of the poem, and a great deal still remains to be done towards elucidating the refinements and complexities of Virgil’s political argumentation.