bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Microfinance Organizations’ Performance in pertinence to Employee Welfare
Authors: Jswd Jswd , Mohsin Muhammad Maaz , Khalid Aliya , Sajid Ibad Ullah
Published: April 2022

Microfinance institutions are apparently inclined towards the welfare of the general populace. In this mission, perhaps one of the major key roles in effective dissemination of pertinent services is played by the field workers of these organizations. The latter plays an integral part in the liaison between the microfinance institute and their client. It is a role laden with obstructions and demands rigorous commitment. However, in their diligent and perpetual zeal to disseminate funds amongst the destitute and less privileged portions of society, it seems that these Microfinance channels probably end up skimming on and sometimes explicitly disregarding the welfare of their own human resource. For institutions that analogize human welfare with all of their respective undertakings, this prospective violation of the basic concept pertaining to work ethics is almost contradictory to their touted mission parameters. Towards that end, efforts need to be initiated in order to gauge the role played by the human resource of these organizations and the hindrances that the employees of these organizations face in the delivery of their services.
Enterocutaneous fistula in incisional hernia: unsual complication
Authors: Gentile João Kleber de , Chryssocheri Mauá Ana Carolina , Lazarini Leonardo , Medeiros Trajdecki Melanie , Pinto Ambar Gabriela Póvoas
Published: April 2022

Enterocutaneous fistula is defined as an abnormal communication between the intestinal lumen and the skin usually associated with abdominal surgeries, trauma, Crohn's disease, hernia mesh erosions and diverticulitis. We report a case of 46-year-old male, obese, referred to general surgery for enterocutaneous fistula in hernia sac. He had undergone exploratory laparotomy for gunshot wound to the abdomen 6 years ago where he underwent subtotal colectomy, splenectomy and terminal ileostomy with amputation of the rectal stump. In the current case report, obesity and surgical technique at laparotomy closure (a history of major exploratory laparotomy for gunshot wound) were the risk factors associated with the appearance of the fistula. Moreover, there was presence of midline incisional hernia with small bowel loops inside the hernia sac, which according to the European Commission Hernia Society should be avoided because it facilitates the formation of fistulas.
Neurocryptococcosis and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma: differential diagnoses or overlapping symptoms?
Authors: Kutax Buiar Ana Cláudia , De Almeida Vieira Fernanda , Pasquini Neto Ricardo , Gomes-Morila Mariana Cristina , Sulzbach-Solanho Gabriela , Sasso Pasquini Daniela , Pruner-Vieira João Victor , Figueroa-Magalhães Maria Cristina
Published: April 2022

Acute headaches with red flags in patients with cancer may indicate metastasis or infection. This report describes a case of acute headache with red flags in a patient with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma who presented a positive latex fixation test without pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Antifungal treatment was initiated based on the test's high accuracy combined with the patient’s clinical condition and radiological impression of infectious meningitis, although we could not exclude associated secondary neoplastic involvement. Clinical improvement was first observed on D4 of treatment. On D14, CSF examination revealed therapeutic efficacy but positive oncotic cytology. The patient subsequently had new episodes of headache with warning signs and magnetic resonance imaging showed leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Although neurocryptococcosis and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis are rare neurological complications, they may coexist with overlapping symptoms.
Study of Toxin ‘Ricinine’ present in Ricinus communis by TLC and GC-MS A Forensic Perspective
Authors: Yadav Baljeet , Singla Anu , Gupta Pawan , Rashid Saba
Published: April 2022

Ricinus communis popularly known as castor plant belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae. The whole plant had a great potential of being used in bio terrorism all around the world. In the view of forensic investigations, the plant contains an active principle component ‘ricin’ which is highly toxic to people, animals and insects frequently encountered in cases such as suicidal, accidental and homicidal deaths. In the present study, fresh leaves extract of the plant was used for phytochemical screening of the alkaloids in both methanol and n-hexane solvents. The result showed the presence of alkaloids such as steroids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and Flavonoids. Thin layer chromatography was performed for preliminary examination of the main toxins using the solvent system (petroleum ether, diethyl ether and acetic acid in 80:18:2 v/v/v ratio). The poly complex structured compounds of the leaf extract were analyzed by using GC-MS. The chromatogram obtained revealed the presence of ricinine, heptadecane, octadecane, Pentadecane, 2,6,10-trimethyl, sulfurous acid, pentyl tetradecyl ester, hexadecane, 3-pyridinecarbonitrile, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl, octadecane, 2-methyl, nonadecane, 9-methyl, phthalic acid, di(6-methylhept-2-yl) ester, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis-(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phthalate in the leaf extract of Ricinus communis.
Comparison of the effectiveness of Alcohol-Based Handrub with the combination of Chlorhexidine Gluconate, N-Propanol and Hydrogen Peroxide in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Mernita Setyawati Dita , Wardhani Puspa
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the ratio of the number of microorganism colonies on the surface of medical personnel’s hands before and after the use of three types of alcohol-based handrubs. This study is an experimental study with pre and post design at Dr. Soetomo Hospital in September-October 2019 with 20 respondents for each handrub used. T-test was performed to analyze the number of microbe colonies before and after the use of handrub with the combination of chlorhexidine gluconate, meanwhile Wilcoxon test was performed to analyze the number of microbe colonies before and after the use of handrub with the combination of n-propanol and hydrogen peroxide. Effectiveness analysis of the three handrubs was done using Kruskal Wallis test. There was a significant difference in the number of microbes before and after the use of handrub (p <0.05). The lowest median value of the number of microbes after the use of an alcohol-based handrub was found in the handrub with the combination of chlorhexidine gluconate, with 96.25%, followed by hydrogen peroxide with percentage of 95.25% and n-propanol with percentage of 92%. There was no significant difference in the number of microbial colonies after the use of the three handrubs (p >0.05). Hands are an intermediary medium that often transmit pathogenic microorganisms that may cause HAIs. According to WHO, the usage of the three types of alcohol-based handrubs in this research can significantly decrease the number of germs. In conclusion, there was a significant difference in the number of microbial colonies before and after handrub usage. Alcohol-based handrub with the combination of chlorhexidine gluconate had the greatest effect on decreasing microbial colony count in this study. The contents of the three types of handrubs studied in this research were equally effective in decreasing microbial colony numbers on the hands of health workers.
The Dismal Predicament of Kashmir from since Emancipation of India-Pakistan
Authors: Bashir Rida
Published: April 2022

Kashmir is such conflict which started based on denial of human needs like security, identity, recognition, and personal development. Kashmir issue an enduring rivalry between two states has become more complicated due to the involvement of non state actors means. South Asia, where it is fluctuating and disturbed four times but since 1999. it is stable due nuclear factor. Besides other factors, major contributing factor for disturbed balance of power. Due to the persistency of conflict, the region experienced wars, which disturbed of balance of power. Pakistan and India is based on their threat perception of each other. Having experienced of offensive realism four times, now these states are experiencing defensive realism since 1999. Balance Of power depends on their offensive and defensive nature of warfare. In such situation, human security is ignored and even it is not prime agenda of states. South Asian peace and security depends on US effective role to bring Pakistan and India to nuclear policies. Kashmir can only be resolved, if proper mechanism will be provided and with inclusion of Kashmiri's voice. Border management between Pakistan and Afghanistan which was not paid much attention should be given priority. Due to non-traditional threats„ (terrorist organization) peace and stability of the region is threatening. In this regard having realized the sensitivity to the issue, Pakistan and India should adopt a common agenda.
A Study on Effectiveness of Smart Classrooms through Statistical Analysis
Authors: Sharma Gunjan , Pattanayak Banasree
Published: April 2022

Smart Classroom concept is a way of digital learning. From the beginning it was an imagination of the student. This type of classroom has digital equipped with a huge variety of teaching learning methods using technology. In these days many more classrooms are doing or using audio and visual components to a lesson. A smart classroom helps a teacher through technology as well. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of smart classroom through statistical analysis. For study,10th grades students were selected. Teacher taught 10th grades student between two ways which were traditional way and other one smart teaching learning process. From this analysis getting that students are more interested to join smart class than traditional classes. The sample of the study comprised of 120 students of 10th grade students. The analysis was conducted the way of pre-test score and post test score of two groups. As a result smart classroom have more positive effect on education than traditional class.
A Biblical Understanding of Mary's Title as Help of Christians
Authors: S. Chanco Andrew Joseph
Published: April 2022

In the Post Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Verbum Domini, Pope Benedict XVI stressed the link between the study on the Blessed Virgin Mary with the Word of God. The same goes for grounding the different devotions to the Mother of God from the Sacred Scriptures as laid down in Pope Paul VI's Apostolic Exhortation Marialis Cultus. The correct ordering of devotion to the Mother of God should have a Biblical Imprint as one of the guidelines as the Sacred Scriptures is the primary source of knowledge and reference on the Blessed Virgin Mary. One of Mary’s invoked titles is as Help of Christians. Her children are impelled to confidently share their hopes, sorrows, and joys, commending themselves to her, a loving mother who is ready to listen and respond to their heart's content. Through her role as Mother of God and of All that she guides every faithful to her Son, Jesus, to have an intimate encounter with Him, the Word made Flesh that was made possible through her cooperation. In this paper, the writer seeks to address: How is Mary the Help of Christians in the Sacred Scriptures? In presenting the said theme, the following parts are discussed: first, History of Mary's title as Help of Christians by tracing into its origin; second, Mary in the Bible by discussing the importance of the Sacred Scriptures in understanding the Mother of God; and third, Mary, Help of Christians in the Bible by looking into the different text especially on John's account of the Wedding at Cana in relating to the said Marian title. This paper hopes to lead the faithful to a fruitful spiritual life and an advancement on the Theological and Biblical studies.
The Public Libraries in India: A Scenario
Authors: Kumar Satish
Published: April 2022

This paper discuss some of the problems of public libraries and their role in digital era with some possible solution for improving their states. In India majority of people live in rural areas and new technologies are not accessible from remote villages, therefore a wide-gapes has been evolved between the libraries of knowledge haves and knowledge have-notes. Today internet and web technologies open up new ways of interactive communication between public libraries and the civil societies. So we can say a proposal for ICT driven public libraries for Indian states with suitable library extension programmes to help the entire rural as well as urban community especially unprivileged masses.
FREQUENCY OF SELF-REPORTED ALLERGIC REACTIONS TO THE DRUGS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS OF PESHAWAR
Authors: Muhammad Saleh Faisal  , Rooh ul Amin  , Mian Syed Ahmad  , Arif Jamal  , Waqar Hayat  , Khayam ul haq
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTObjective: Worldwide studies indicate that allergic reactions to drug(s) are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. However, the epidemiological data regarding drug allergies is limited in our community. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of self-reported drug allergic reactions among medical students of Peshawar.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 students from various public and private sector medical colleges of Peshawar from Sept 2020 to June 2021. After brief introduction and explaining the purpose of this study, a close ended self-reported questionnaire was distributed among them. Questionnaire was comprised of demographic data, family history of atopic disease, source of drug allergy, signs and symptoms of allergy and route of drug administration.Results: Among 300 students, 23 participants indicated drug allergy with self-reported frequency of 7.67%. The most frequently implicated drugs were antibiotics (52.17%), of which levofloxacin was the most common antibiotic followed by NSAIDs (17.39%). The most commonly reported allergic manifestations were cutaneous (34.8%), followed by gastrointestinal (17.4%) and respiratory (13.4%) symptoms. 78% allergic patients had the drug in oral dosage form.Conclusion: Self-reported allergic reactions to the drugs are highly prevalent and poorly explored. Being the most frequent source of drug allergies, patient awareness and education is needed while prescribing Antibiotics and NSAIDs.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT INSULIN REGIMENS IN DIABETIC PREGNANT PATIENTS- A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Sabir Samina aliya , Kamran Qudsia , Abbas Ghulam
Published: April 2022

INSULIN REGIMENS IN DIABETES CONTROL IN PREGNANT PATIENTS-A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

Ist Author Samina Aliya Sabir, 2nd Author Dr Qudsia Qazi, 3rd Dr Ghulam Abbas, Dr Laila Zeb

Correspondence Author: Dr Sumaira Yasmin

 

 

ABSTRACT:

Objective:

To compare the effectiveness of basal bolus and Premixed  insulin regimen  in gestational and type 2 diabetics in low resource setting.

 

Methodology:

 This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department, Lady Reading Hospital (LRH) Peshawar over a period of one year.

 Total of 100 patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were included in the study.  50 were allocated to each group by non probability convenient sampling . One group was given basal bolus regimen and the other group was given Premixed  regimen. The patients were put on insulin according to body weight after the first 24 hour blood sugar profile.

Results: The two groups were similar for maternal age, gestational age, gravidity, mean blood glucose in first 24 hours as shown in Table1. There was a rapid control of blood sugar, on day 7 in basal bolus with Mean Blood Glucose (MBG) 152 mg/dl as compared to Premixed split regimen which was 192.42mg/dl with a ‘p’ value of 0.000 as shown in Table 2.

Conclusion: The Basal bolus regimen is effective, cheaper and easily accessible way of controlling blood sugar in our set up.

Key words:  Multiple dose Insulin, Mean blood glucose, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
CHARACTERIZATION OF PREVALENT ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS GENOTYPES THROUGH MODIFIED PCR-RFLP TECHNIQUE
Authors: Basharat Nosheen , Ansari Sajid Hamid , Khan Jadoon , Gul Amina , Ali Ijaz
Published: April 2022

Background:

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic, neglected tropical disease caused by various genotypes of cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. Although, echinococcosis causes enormous financial and health impacts, no gold standard diagnostic technique is available. Genetic characterization of these prevalent cestode at species level is essential for disease management and appropriate control measures.

Objective:

We aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of echinococcus granulosus using a modified Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based assay in infected population.

Methodology:

A total of 18 human hydatid cyst samples were collected from various hospitals of Southern Punjab and Islamabad Capital Territory region of Pakistan. Extracted DNA was used for PCR amplification of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (Nad1) gene followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using Molecular evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) Software. The entire sequences were fed into NEBcutter V2.0 to select a single restriction enzyme followed by invitro confirmation through PCR-RFLP.

Results:

Amplification on the Nad1 gene was observed in 100% of the samples processed. The Basic Local Alignment Tool (BLAST) and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed 83.3% E. granulosus (G1-G3 genotypes), 11.1% E. multilocularis and 5.6% E. Canadensis (G6 genotype). The use of the BfaI enzyme in PCR-RFLP analysis revealed that all of the 18 samples were assigned consecutive genotypes as observed in the sequencing.

Conclusion:

The current study concluded that the BfaI enzyme could be used for the genotypic analysis of echinococcosis in developing and frequently affected countries. It will be a cost-effective and easy technique compared to sequencing, which will aid in developing novel therapeutic and control strategies for the parasite.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CLOSED REDUCTION OF SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE OF THE HUMERUS WITH NEUROVASCULAR INJURY IN TERMS OF THE NEED FOR EXPLORATION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Khan Muhammad younas , Dr. Muhammad Shoaib Khan  , Dr. Muhammad Afrasiyab Javed Khan  , Dr. Ahsan Sajjad  , Dr. Muhammad Khalid Khan  , Dr. Farwa Shoaib
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of reduction of supracondylar fracture of the humerus with neurovascular injury and the role of exploration.                                              

Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from July 2020 till July 2021 and children with supracondylar (Gartland type II and III) fracture of the humerus were included irrespective of neurovascular complication. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Mean and standard deviation was used for quantitative data. Frequency and percentages were used for qualitative data. Shapiro Wilk’s test was done to find the normality of the data.

Results: Mean age of the 65 children with Gartland type 3 closed extension type supracondylar fractures was 7 years ± 1.5 years. The female to male ratio was 1:2.2. The right side was involved in 28 (43%) left sides in 37(57%) patients. The mechanism of injury in all cases was a history of fall. At presentation 40 patients (61%) had no signs of neurovascular involvement while 25 patients (38%) had signs and symptoms of various nerve injuries, 11 of anterior interosseous nerve injury, 8 median nerve, and 6 radial nerve injuries, and no ulnar nerve injury while 6 patients had absent radial pulse with well perfused, pink hands

Conclusion: Thus we conclude that in most of the cases there is no need for exploration of vessel and nerve in supracondylar fracture with neurovascular injury if the fracture is reduced properly.
THE FREQUENCY OF HYPOKALEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH NASOGASTRIC FEEDING IN NON-HOSPITAL SETTINGS
Authors: Khan Bughdad , Naeem Awais , Naim Fahad , Ullah Kiramat , Wazir Zahid Muhammad , Khan Nafidullah
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Feeding in elderly patients with dysphagia or with an inadequate oral intake is usually considered vital, regardless of the consequences. In clinical practice, this is often achieved by insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube early in the course of treatment. This study provided us local data about hypokalemia in patients discharged home on Nasogastric tube feeding.

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the frequency of hypokalemia in patients on nasogastric feeding with homemade blends and juices in non-hospitalized settings.

SUBJECTS AND METHOD:

The cross-sectional study was carried out in General medicine department of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from Jan 1, 2016, to Jun 30, 2016. There were total 176 Patients in our study. We enrolled Patients who had Oropharyngeal or esophageal dysphagia and were sent home on nasogastric tube feeding with homemade blends and juices. They were followed up after 2 weeks in Outpatient department and their blood samples were collected for checking their serum potassium levels. Samples were tested using K-lite 5 series electrolyte analyzer at Khyber teaching hospital laboratory for the presence of hypokalemia.

RESULTS:

        There were 98 males and 78 females in study population. The mean age was 58.15 years ± 13.35 SD. The mean value of Potassium was 4.07 mmol/L ± 0.8 SD. We found hypokalemia in 31 (17.6 %) of the patients sent on nasogastric feeding at home in our study sample.

 

CONCLUSION:

        Hypokalemia among patients with esophageal and oro-pharyngeal dysphagia who are on nasogastric tube feeding with homemade juices and liquefied blends for two weeks or more in non-clinical setting is a relatively common finding irrespective of age, gender or underlying disease. It is essential to recognize as it can be life-threatening.
IMPACT OF FAMILIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS ON AGE OF ONSET OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Shakeel Muhammad
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT                                                                                                                                      

Objectives: 1.To determines impact of familial risk factor i.e. positive family history of schizophrenia on age of onset of schizophrenia.

                      2. To determine impact of environmental risk factor i.e. substance misuse on age of onset of schizophrenia.

Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional analytical study, 430 patients were enrolled from OPD in Sarhad Hospital for Psychiatric Diseases Peshawar through convenience non probability sampling technique. First Data was dichotomized on the basis of positive and negative family history of schizophrenia. Later on data was again dichotomized on the basis of positive and negative history of substance misuse. Frequency and percentage were calculated for categorical variable while mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Independent-samples T test was used while comparing categorical variable with continuous variable and Chi-square test was used while comparing two categorical variables in between them.

Results: The mean age of onset of schizophrenia was 22.28 years with early onset in males than females. In those with familial schizophrenia, the mean ages of onset of schizophrenia in males and females were 22.35 and 22.05 years while in those with sporadic cases, the mean age of onset of schizophrenia in males and females were 21.83 and 25.43 years respectively. Moreover non-tobacco substances and cannabinoids were having statistically significant impact on age of onset of schizophrenia.

Conclusion: There was significant gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia and substance misuse. Family history of schizophrenia eliminates the gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia. Moreover non-tobacco substances and cannabinoids misuse can cause early onset of schizophrenia.
SCOPING REVIEW OF THE IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON ASSESSMENT FORMAT IN MEDICAL AND DENTAL INSTITUTES
Authors: Durrani Mushyyada , Alam Khan Ismail , Alam Aziza , Akbar Zainab , Gul Khaula , Durrani Mehwish
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE: Technology enhanced assessment or e-assessment is an emerging approach across the globe and is adapted by almost all medical and dental institutes. The objective of this study is to report on effects of COVID-19 on assessment format of medical institutes. This review seeks to find which methods are being used for a changed assessment format and who is being affected by sudden change in assessment format and what facilitators and/or barriers have been reported related to the success and/or failure of changed assessment format.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This scoping review followed the methodology outlined by Arksey and O’Malley framework (2005).Data sources including PubMed, Eric, Medline, Semantic scholar and Google scholar were searched for last 5 years of articles from 20016 to 2021 related to e-assessment in  medical education.

RESULTS: In total, 9 articles met our inclusion criteria. Open book exam was considered to be a new normal keeping in mind its strengths and advantages in an online format. Digital literacy plays an important role in the acceptance of technology enhanced assessment. Faculty need training to opt for this sudden change in teaching and assessment format. Connectivity issues need to be taken care of, as the whole format depends upon it.

CONCLUSION: e-assessment was well accepted by most of the students. Future studies should target students inconvenience for online assessment. Also lack of e-learning experience of some staff need attention. Insufficiency of IT technicians should be overcome. High speed internet is the requirement of the day. New soft wares can be developed for a more reliable and valid assessment method
COMPARISON OF RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE (RLN) PALSY WITH AND WITHOUT INTRAOPERATIVE NERVE IDENTIFICATION DURING THYROIDECTOMY – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM A TERTIARY LEVEL HOSPITAL IN PESHAWAR
Authors: Din Israr ud
Published: April 2022

Background:Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy is one of the most common and feared complications of thyroid surgeries. These may be transient or permanent and occur unilaterally or bilaterally, in case of which fatal airway obstruction is possible.

Objectives:To compare the incidence of RLN palsy with and without intraoperative nerve identification during thyroidectomy.

Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study spanning over 9 months during the period July 2020 to March 2021. A pool of 70 patients was included in the study comprising of 18 males and 52 females. Data on demographic, clinical and postoperative variables were compared in relation to RLN palsy.

Results:The overall incidence of RLN palsy in the study pool was 7.1%. The rate of RLN palsy was 3.51% in the 81.42% cases where intraoperative nerve identification was done and 13.04% incidence was found the remaining 32.86% cases where the nerve was not identified. The incidence of RLN palsy was 14.82% in ages above 45 years, 11.11% in male, 14.29% after total thyroidectomy and 40% with follicular carcinoma.

Conclusion:Intraoperative nerve identification is an essential step in any thyroid surgery and has proven beneficial in reducing the incidence of RLN palsy.
CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF URDU TRANSLATED CLINICIAN-ADMINISTERED PTSD (POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER ) SCALE
Authors: Zaman Sabir , Arouj Kehkashan , Irfan Shahid , Hussain Basharat , Arif Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Objectives; Assessment methods for psychological distress are not properly established for people of diverse cultural background. In Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM-5) PTSD is categorized trauma related disorder, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale is golden standard to assess PTSD, and was adopted DSM-5 (CAPS-5). The study aimed to develop an Urdu translation of CAPS-5 and its psychometric properties.  Although, a well-developed and established approach of translation and adaptation was used for CAPS-5   

Methods; The study was conducted to translate CAPS-5 by using the steps forward translation (from English to Urdu), and back translation (Urdu to English). The psychometric properties of the scale were assessed using the bilingual sample of individuals from general population, who have the history of trauma, and injury. Total 317 individuals were participated in the study. For data collection two step approach was used. Initially, the participants respond to Urdu Version of CAPS-5, and then participants answered to original English, (CAPS-5).

Results; The current study showed that first order (RMSEA value < .05), and second order model the RMSEA value .03, < .05 good fit for PTSD symptom level. The factor loading was statistically positive and significant, which indicated that all items contributing to PTSD symptoms.

Conclusion; The result showed that Urdu version of CAPS-5 have good model fit which was statistically significant and positive for the sample of trauma survivors.

Keywords: Factor Analysis, Clinician Administered, PTSD
PREDICTORS FOR INSULIN RESISTANCE IN METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION ASSOCIATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Altaf Benash , Jawed Shireen , Salam Rana Muhammad Tahir , Jawed Samia
Published: April 2022

Background and Aims:Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is a new concept to replace NAFLD as it truly reflects metabolic dysregulation associated with fatty liver.  The aim of the study is to find the predictors of insulin resistance in term of mid upper arm circumference and triceps fold thickness in MAFLD subjects.

Methods and Results: This cross sectional study was conducted at King Edward Medical University in collaboration with Mayo hospital radiology out door patient department from 2016 to 2017 after taking Ethical approval from University (134/RC/KEMU). Total of 148 non diabetic subjects of aged 40-60 years with Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed on ultrasonography were enrolled from Mayo hospital. Fasting blood glucose was measured to exclude the diabetic subjects. Mid upper arm circumference and triceps folds were measured following protocol. Subjects were divided into two groups i.e insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant group (NIR) using cutoff values of HOMAIR. HOMA-IR value ? 2.29 were taken as IR group while subject with HOMA-IR value < 2.29 were taken as NIR group.

Results:Study comprised of 148 NAFLD subjects of both genders. Out of total 148 subjects, 107 (72.3%) subjects were IR and 41 (27.7%) subjects were NIR. Spearman's Correlation did not showed statistically significant association of IR with mid arm circumference. ( P-value  0.70) and triceps fold IR (P- value  0.83).

Conclusion: Insulin resistance is not associated with triceps skin fold and mid arm circumference in obese individual. Triceps fold and mid upper arm circumference cannot be uses as clinical interpreter of IR in obese individuals.
ARTHROSCOPIC PREVALENCE OF RAMP LESION IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) TEAR OF THE KNEE JOINTS
Authors: Shah Syed dil bagh , Wajid Akhtar
Published: April 2022

Objective: To measure the arthroscopic frequency of RAMP lesion in patients presenting with Anterior Cruciate Ligament tear of the knee.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from 06 Aug, 2019 to 06 Feb, 2020. The patients were prepared for Arthroscopy under Spinal anesthesia by consultant orthopedic surgeon who had a further fellowship in arthroscopy and sports medicine, having a minimum of three years experience post-fellowship. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon. Standard two ports (anteromedial and anterolateral) arthroscopic technique was adopted and the inside of knee was thoroughly examined for any RAMP lesion in the posteromedial corner as per operational definition. The positive cases were recorded and one with no RAMP lesion was labelled as negative.
Results: 19(17.1%) patients were recorded with RAMP lesions, diagnosed on knee arthroscopy undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction of the knee.
Conclusion: The RAMP lesion is a common meniscal injury that can occur at the time of anterior cruciate ligament rupture or as a result of knee laxity associated with anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. The prevalence of RAMP lesions in this study was 17.1%. Patients younger than 30 years of age and male patients had a higher prevalence of RAMP lesions.
Keywords: Anterior Cruciate Ligament, RAMP Lesions, Arthroscopy
CESAREAN SCAR ENDOMETRIOSIS: PRESENTATION OF 10 CASES AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: AKSOY Emin Levent , ALMADADOVA Nigar , BOSTANCI Mehmet Sühha , KÖSE Osman , ÇİMEN Serdar , ÇAKIRSOY ÇAKAR Gözde
Published: April 2022

Objective: Endometriosis, characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial tissue in non-uterine locations, is a relatively common disease in women of reproductive age (10-15%). Besides that, cesarean scar endometriosis (CSE) is rarely seen; the clinical presentation of the disease is mainly in the form of a painful mass at the cesarean incision site.

Method: Ten patients, whose diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically by surgery with CSE anterior chamber, were evaluated in terms of clinical and histopathological features.

Results: The mean age of patients was 35 (min-max:22-45). Six (75%) of patients with pain symptoms were cyclic, and 2 (25%) were noncyclic. The mean latency period (time from last cesarean section to the beginning of symptoms) was 44,6 (min-max:6-88) months, and the mean duration between symptoms and surgery was 28,9 (min-max:2-60) months. Six (60%) of endometriomas were located right corner of the incision, and 4 (40%) were at the left. All of the endometriomas were solitary. The mean hospitalization time was 2,5 (min-max:1-6) days.

Conclusion: Excision of endometriotic foci within 1 cm safety margins may be an appropriate curative treatment option.
Un'adolescente con uno strano e persistente gonfiore alle caviglie
Authors: Corona Federica , Trombetta Andrea , Genovese Maria Rita , Gortani Giulia , Barbi Egidio
Published: April 2022

A fourteen-year-old girl presented with a history of intermittent bilateral swelling in her ankles associated with moderate but progressively worsening pain that lasted for two years. The patient had been previously investigated and ankle X-rays, US and MRI, echocardiogram, blood and urine tests were negative. Physical examination highlighted bilateral non-pitting oedema. A scintigraphy was performed. The present paper discusses different diagnostic hypotheses and treatment options.
Domande e risposte
Authors: Longo Giorgio
Published: April 2022

Orticaria post-infettiva
“Where Do You Go When the Radio’s Down?”: Black Women Experimental Pop Artists, “Alternative R&B,” and the Simultaneous Dissolution and Persistence of Musical Genre
Authors: Capetola Christine
Published: April 2022

Since the early 2010s, the musical genre “Alternative R&B” has been used to describe artists who combine R&B songwriting and vocal delivery with electronic music and production. Meant as a means for music writers to grapple with both the ongoing evolutions of R&B and the synthpop and synth R&B revivals of the decade, the category Alternative R&B has become a catch all for Black artists who sound even remotely influenced by R&B—and for Black women artists in general. This article traces Black women experimental pop artists’ complex relationship to the moniker Alternative R&B through grounding this apparent siloing within a context of the past 100 years of Black women in American popular music. By tracing the disidentification with “Alternative R&B” of contemporary experimental pop artists FKA twigs, Tinashe, and Dawn Richard, it calls for a re-evaluation—and dismantling—of racialized musical genres.
Stepping onto the Pop Dance Floor
Authors: Gabrillo James
Published: April 2022

The dance floor, as both physical and symbolic concept, has long served as a space of possibility and permissibility in pop music. As illustrated by recent moments in popular culture and entertainment, nuances of star identities are tested and reoriented on the dance floor within the individual and collective lenses of performer and spectator. Whether rendered on a concert stage, inside a futurist club, within a televised competition, or through an imagined space of cathartic escapism, the dance floor has stimulated the subversion of normative categories and the representation of constructs of gender identity and subjectivity. Queering the dance floor, even in fleeting performance, the women pop stars highlighted below offer themselves (and those around them) “a way of making perceptible presently uncommon senses in the interest of producing a/new commons and/or of proliferating the senses of a commons already in the making” (Keeling 2014, 153), which consequently manifests umbrella alliances and queer operating systems that interrogate the ideologies of the larger order.
Intrahousehold Gender Relations and Child Labor and Schooling in Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Dito Bilisuma Bushie
Published: April 2022

Child labor and low schooling of children are still serious issues in many developing countries and finding a breakthrough to substantially reduce these phenomena are urgent according to the International Labor Organization (ILO). This study investigated how child labor and schooling vary with intrahousehold gender relations in rural Ethiopia, using data from the 2009 Ethiopian Rural Household Survey (ERHS). The sample includes 1,922 children between the ages of 5 and 15 years in 755 households. Indicators are used to measure mothers’ and fathers’ roles on various tasks within a household. The study examines how the distribution of gender relations within a household influences children’s time use in schooling and labor activities. One innovation used in the study is the construction of intrahousehold gender relations on a continuum. The findings indicate that balanced intrahousehold relations and gender roles between parents increase the chances of both boys and girls going to school while reducing the hours they spend on domestic work. Findings from the other covariates point to the gendered processes behind human capital formation in rural Ethiopia, which warrant separate investigations of boys’ and girls’ labor and schooling activities.
ANALISIS PELANGGARAN APOTEKER DI RUMAH SAKIT PADA KASUS ADMINISTRASI ERROR BERUJUNG PIDANA
Authors: Arlitadelina I Gusti Ayu Dhea , Endah Kusumaningrum Anggraeni
Published: April 2022

Medication Error described as a sequence of events or cases that cause failure in the treatment process or therapeutic process that has the ability to threaten the patient in the treatment process. In Indonesia, there are numerous cases of Medication Errors, particularly in hospitalization, Fatal Incidences related to the use of drugs (Medication Errors) as many as twenty-six percent of incidents (26%) and of all these incidents, ME most frequently occurs in Administration phase 81.32%. The objective of this study is to determine the criminal sanctions in the case of Medication Error. The research method that is used in the research is normative method with a written rule of law approach. Primary materials include written legal rules, the secondary legal basic materials include journals or articles and tertiary materials related to the development of cases that are discussed and combined with perspectives from the researcher's point of view. ME cases can be resolved by Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number Thirty Six of 2014 concerning Health Workers, Criminal Provisions Article 84 Part A or B depending on the severity of the case.
MEDIASI SEBAGAI KOMUNIKASI HUKUM DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA MEDIK ANTARA DOKTER DAN PASIEN
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Andriady Saidi , Satria Beni , Tarigan Irwan Jasa
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAK

 

Hubungan hukum dokter dengan pasien pada hakikatnya adalah hubungan yang saling membutuhkan dan didasari dengan kepercayaan, namun dalam perjalanannya tidak mustahil berujung pada sebuah sengketa medik, hal ini tentu menjadi sebuah potret yang tidak dikehendaki oleh pihak dokter dan pihak pasien. Munculnya sengketa yang terjadi antara dokter dengan pasien lebih sering disebabkan, karena adanya kelemahan dalam membangun komunikasi efektif yang berakibat menimbulkan konflik antara dokter dan pasien. Timbulnya konflik yang berujung sengketa, tidak perlu terjadi bila dari kedua belah pihak sama-sama memahami akan posisi dan kedudukannya baik dari segi medis maupun dari segi hukum melalui suatu jalinan komunikasi yang baik, saling menghormati dan saling percaya. Dan bila akhirnya terjadi sengketa medik diantara kedua belah pihak baik dokter maupun pasien, sebaiknya komunikasi hukum dikedepankan seperti mediasi untuk menyelesaikan persengketaan medis yang terjadi. Maka, mediasi sebagai komunikasi hukum dalam penyelesaian sengketa medik diperlukan upaya komunikasi efektif dengan mengoptimalkan nilai win-win solution antara pihak yang bersengketa baik dari pihak dokter maupun pasien dalam mencapai tujuan penyelesaian sengketa medik terutama di luar pengadilan (mediasi nonlitigasi).

 

Kata Kunci: Dokter, Komunikasi Hukum, Mediasi, Pasien, Sengketa Medik.
TINJAUAN PERBANDINGAN PENYELENGGARAAN TELEMEDICINE ANTARA INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT
Authors: Andrianto Wahyu , Rizka Fajrina Atika
Published: April 2022

Dewasa ini, penggunaan telemedicine semakin berkembang akibat keberadaan pandemi Covid-19, tak terkecuali di Indonesia. Walau begitu, Amerika Serikat telah menerapkan telemedicine jauh sebelum pandemi Covid-19 menyerang. Amerika Serikat sebagai negara adidaya sudah jauh lebih maju dalam menerapkan telemedicine, baik dari segi teknologi maupun regulasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyelenggaraan telemedicine di Amerika Serikat sehingga bisa didapatkan sebuah konsep baru yang dapat diterapkan di Indonesia, mengingat telemedicine memiliki peran besar dalam pelayanan kesehatan modern. Bentuk penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bentuk yuridis normative dan merupakan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Perbedaan yang paling mencolok dari dalam hal penyelenggaraan telemedicine di Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat adalah adanya pedoman (guidelines) yang disusun oleh ATA dalam masing-masing bidang kesehatan. Sedangkan, di Indonesia belum ada karena telemedicine di Indonesia masih cenderung baru. Padahal, keberadaan pedoman per bidang kesehatan ini penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas pemberian layanan kesehatan, memudahkan dokter dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan, pasien jadi lebih percaya, standarisasi, sebagai bentuk pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan, dan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan pasien sebaik-baiknya.

Kata Kunci: Amerika Serikat, Indonesia, Perbandingan, Penyelenggaraan Telemedicine
Pengaruh Entrepreneurship Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru
Authors: Sigap Sigap , Setiadi Dadi , Sukardi Sukardi
Published: April 2022

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh positif entrepreneurship kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru SMK Negeri di Kota Mataram. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif, dimana peneliti menggambarkan fenomena yang diamati dengan lebih detail menggunakan data-data berupa data kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru SMK Negeri di Kota Mataram yang berjumlah 295 guru. Sampel penelitian ini adalah sebagian dari jumlah guru SMK Negeri di Kota Mataram yang berjumlah 75 guru dengan menggunakan teknik proportionate random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif entrepreneurship kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru SMK Negeri di Kota Mataram sebesar 11,8% yang dibuktikan dengan dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,003 lebih kecil dari level 0,05.Kata kunci: Entrepreneurship, Kepala Sekolah, Kinerja Guru.
Rezension von: Kretzschmar, Robert; Schindling, Anton; Wolgast, Eike (Hrsg.), Zusammenschlüsse und Neubildungen deutscher Länder im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Röpcke Andreas , Kretzschmar Robert , Schindling Anton , Wolgast Eike
Published: April 2022

Zusammenschlüsse und Neubildungen deutscher Länder im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, hg. von Robert Kretzschmar/Anton Schindling/Eike Wolgast (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg, Reihe B 197), Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer 2013. 323 S. ISBN 978-3-17-024442-9. € 38,–
India’s ‘Indo-Pacific’ Strategy: Emerging Sino-Indian Maritime Competition
Authors: Asma Sana and Shaheen Akhtar
Published: April 2022

India is rapidly modernising its naval capabilities and expanding its maritime interests in Asia-Pacific region. The recent surge in its maritime domain is associated with two factors: Firstly, the rise of China as an ‘Asian power’ with growing influence in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR); secondly, India’s aspirations to become a leading player in the IOR while expanding its sway in the Pacific ocean. This paper argues that India’s increased regional engagements and its strategic partnership with the US will strengthen Indian footprints in the Indo-Pacific region which will increase security concerns for China. This paper explores the evolution of Indian strategic thinking over the years on ‘sea power,’ examines the emerging contours of India’s ‘Indo-Pacific’ strategy as well as fulfilling its aspirations of becoming a global power, and discusses the implications of ‘India’s Extended Neighbourhood’ policy for China’s economic and strategic interests in East Asia and the South China Sea.
A educação e o princípio da liberdade de informação
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo Rios Faria de
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo aborda questões da importância da liberdade, sobretudo da liberdade de informação, destacando a necessidade de um processo de inclusão de tal saber na formação educacional brasileira, como observância de um dos princípios basilares da nossa Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. Assim, o ensaio envolve a educação ao princípio da liberdade de se escolher uma das possibilidades de pensar e agir, referendados no rol dos direitos e garantias individuais, assegurando, ainda, a proteção constitucionalmente garantida à liberdade de fornecer informação, de receber informação e de se informar, tudo com o propósito de oferecer dignidade às pessoas.
A epistemologia do Pensamento Complexo e da Criatividade no ambiente escolar
Authors: Lima Ana Maria Freitas , Pinho Maria José , Araújo da Silva Santos Josseane , Gama da Silva Póvoa Lilian , Mota de Sousa Wellington , Alves Soares de Albuquerque Débora Cristiana
Published: April 2022

Este artigo traz um estudo sobre “Ação Docente e Prática Pedagógica à luz do Pensamento Complexo e da Criatividade na Relação teoria e prática” que teve como objetivo analisar a prática pedagógica e a ação docente, baseado no Projeto Sacola Viajante e identificar indícios de criatividade, amparados nos fundamentos teóricos e epistemológicos do pensamento complexo e da criatividade. A pesquisa é delineada num estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, sendo realizada na Escola Municipal Presidente Kennedy, situada no município de Augustinópolis – TO. Neste trabalho, apresentamos as bases que fundamentam o pensamento complexo, por meio das teorias e princípios guias que contribuem para um pensar complexo no ambiente escolar, bem como a criatividade, a partir das bases que a fundamentam. O estudo dessas epistemologias contribui para elaboração da questão de investigação: Há indícios de criatividade, à luz do pensamento complexo, nas práticas pedagógicas e nas ações docentes da Escola Municipal Presidente Kennedy, tomando-se por base o Projeto Sacola Viajante, de acordo com os indicadores do Vadecrie? Dessa forma, os resultados evidenciaram o quanto é relevante discutir essa temática com os professores, trazendo uma aproximação dessas concepções teóricas ao espaço escolar, por meio da relação teoria e prática através das ações pedagógicas desenvolvidas no processo ensino e aprendizagem.