bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hazard analysis and critical control point of milkfish floss production as indigenous food from Banten province
Authors: Nurtiana W , Najah Z , Anggraeni D , Putri N A
Published: April 2021

Milkfish floss is indigenous food from Banten which is produced by Small and Medium Enterprise (SME). Milkfish floss is potential to be developed due to the high demand from outside Banten areas, but it is very easy to get rancidity, spoilage by the microbes, or existing dust and hair. Therefore, milkfish floss production process still needs to improve the processing method according to the standards to produce a safe and good product. Quality assurance is done by compiling hazard analysis and control point (HACCP) documents. The aim of this study was to identify hazards of raw material and production chain, determine CCPs in every chain, and create HACCP document plan. The research method was conducted by interview, observation, laboratory analysis, and literature review. The compiling of the HACCP document is carried out in several steps including creating a HACCP team, identification of consumers and product descriptions, making processing flow diagrams, identifying hazards, determining critical control points (CCPs), determining the critical limit, monitoring, and correcting action. The hazards that may occur in milkfish floss are residues of heavy metals, pathogenic microbes, thorns, dust, and hair. The CCPs of raw material are fish, lemongrass, lime leaves, shallot, and garlic, while the CCPs of the processing are the acceptance of fish, cleaning, steaming, frying, draining, and packaging.
The Consumer Preferences for New Sumatran Camphor Essential Oil-based Products using a Conjoint Analysis Approach
Authors: Kholibrina C R , Aswandi A
Published: April 2021

Camphor resin has been harvested from the Sumatran camphor tree (Dryobalanops aromatica) since the seventh century on the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. High beneficial compounds contained, a-pinene, 1.8-cineole, camphene, limonene, and p-cymene reveal the opportunities for prospective utilization as an anti-viral, expectorant, and immune system booster with a relaxing fragrance. The objective of the study was to determine consumer preferences for new Sumatran camphor essential oil-based products. Forty consumers were asked to provide an assessment of personal care products combination. A conjoint analysis approach was assisted by a computer with SPSS 14.0 program. The influence of five product profiles on consumer preferences including functionality, scent variant, packages, volume, and prices were examined. The results show that higher utility values indicate a greater preference. The highest utility value is indicated by the scent variant, this illustrates the respondent’s preferences for their preferred scent. Moreover, the scents (importance value 52.15) is the most influential on overall preferences. This means that there is a large preference differentiation between product profiles containing most and least desired scents. This is due to the preference for a particular scent is personal and unique which might have affected personal perception, which is closely related to initial recognition for a particular scent as an olfactory memory. The highest consumer’s preference is an inhaler product with floral scent, package roll-on, volume 6 ml, and price IDR50,000. Products with inhalation functions are intended to obtain a relaxing effect, reduce anxiety, and calm the mind, improve the respiratory system and immune system.
Latest trends in Additive manufacturing
Authors: Sai Kalyan M.V.D , Kumar Harish , Nagdeve Leeladhar
Published: April 2021

Additive manufacturing is the most recent and the most revolutionary technology in the production industry. It is an unconventional method of manufacturing. In this manufacturing method, material is added one layer upon another layer to get the required shape and size of object. Most complex objects can be built very easily by this technology. Additive manufacturing has the capability to reduce the supply chain by reducing a number of processing stages of a product. Additive manufacturing technology developed a lot from the day 3D printing technique, introduced as Stereolithography in 1984 by Charles W. Hull. Today we have different types of 3D printing techniques such as polymer resin based printing, wire based printing(FDM) and powder based printing(SLS) and some hybrid Additive manufacturing like High speed sintering. Additive manufacturing has applications spread from Aerospace industry to Toy industry and from Biomedical industry to Construction field. Additive manufacturing leads to “Social manufacturing” which involves customers in all stages of product manufacturing. Most of the large scale industries are investing a large capital in R&D for this 3D printing. Many startups are entering into the market each day. Today bio-compatible kidneys, bones and even hearts are bio printed, multi-storey buildings have already been 3D printed and research works are in progress. Now researchers are stepping towards 4D printing which uses “Intelligent” materials which can be coded. Research work is being done on different Additive manufacturing techniques and different materials and process parameters. This paper is a review of Additive manufacturing and it’s latest trends. The Trends related to printing technique as well as materials.
Development and analysis of mathematical model of capillary for conventional refrigerants R22, R427A, R407C, R32, R410A
Authors: Pandey Animesh , Akash  , Gambhir Deshdeep , Solanki Naveen
Published: April 2021

The Vapor Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS) uses a circulating refrigerant as the medium which absorbs and removes heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat elsewhere. Capillary tubes are commonly used as expansion device, serving almost all small refrigeration systems to reduce the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant and to regulate the flow of refrigerant to the evaporator. Objective of this research is to develop an analytical method for computing the length of capillary tube required for a specified reduction in temperature and to determine various thermodynamic and transport properties for refrigerant fluids and mixtures viz. R22, R427A, R407C, R32, R410A, available in REFPROP database and perform a comparative analysis. For achieving this objective, a mathematical model is developed using the integration of MATLAB and REFPROP software programs.
The study of Recoil Reducing Compact Air Pressure Device (CAPD)
Authors: Saxena Abhimanyu , Dixit M , Rashid M , Nigam S C , Singh S K
Published: April 2021

Defense organization is one of the most reputed organization where best of the officers and soldiers serve for the safety on one’s country, without complaining about anything and giving their all in to protect us from various threats that could lead to disintegration of the country.

Thus, the main motive to develop this device is to help our defense services to get the best, while they are giving their best for the country. The idea is to develop a device that would counter the recoil of the gun used by the officers and soldiers, to make them more efficient. Keeping in mind that the renewable resources of energy are depleting at a fast pace and pollution is increasing day by day leading to global warming, we have taken air as our resource to produce the desired effect. The device would be developed using aluminium, compact single cylinder air compressor and arduino programming to measure the pressure required for each shot fired from the gun. The principles of Law of conservation of momentum are applied to reduce the recoil of the gun to 80 %, thus helping in better aiming and precision. By installing this device, the demerits that makes AK47 a primitive gun would be subdued and without buying the expensive advanced guns, the arsenal would be upgraded at minimal cost possible.
Monitoring System for Early Detection of Fire in Wetlands based Internet of Things (IoT) using Fuzzy Methods
Authors: Zulkarnain A F , Sari Y , Rakhmadani R
Published: April 2021

In Indonesia, especially the province of South Kalimantan is a province with a high frequency of forest and wetland fires. These fires seem to be a routine annual natural disaster. BNPB (National Disaster Management Agency) and BPBD (Regional Disaster Management Agency) Central Kalimantan recorded that during 2014 to early 2019, the largest area of forest and wetlands fires in Central Kalimantan occurred in 2015 with a total burned area of 583,833.44 ha. The fire early detection monitoring system that will be made based on Arduino Uno uses the MQ-2, DHT-22 sensor, and flame detector sensor and is integrated with the Thingspeak IoT, which functions to receive data sent from the Arduino Uno microcontroller using the ESP8266 module, then Thingspeak will send the data to an Android smartphone in the form of a real-time display and also a pop-up notification when a potential fire is detected. Finally, the fuzzy method is also added so that later the reading data from the MQ-2, DHT-22, and flame detector sensors will be more accurate before being sent to Thingspeak. The level of accuracy obtained from the readings of the three sensors against the tests that have been carried out is 90%.
Effect of Connected Non-Linear Household Appliances on the Disturbance at Frequency Range of 9-150 kHz in the On- Grid Photovoltaic System
Authors: Faizal  , Sudiarto B
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, the usage of power electronic circuit which is called inverter is increasing especially in household appliances. This inverter technology is the technology that can convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), and this technology may produce disturbance at frequency range 9-150 kHz. In the residential area, a house can be built one of on-grid photovoltaic (PV) system, and the usage of household appliances inside the house system can be connected together at same time and operated simultaneously. This research is focused on investigating the effect of connected household appliances, such as induction cooker. The result shows that the connected two types of induction cooker in same system may either increase or decrease the disturbance value in the system. The connected appliances affect the disturbance through by the power consumption.
Analysis of temporal change in land use and impact of water resource in Delta’s Jeneberang Makassar, South Sulawesi
Authors: Massinai M F I , Khatimah K , Razin T , Arifuddin N S , Rahman M N A , Dzaky M A F
Published: April 2021

Twelve groundwater samples were collected in the delta Jeneberang River to study the possible impact of municipal solid waste (MSW) cause by land use cover change. The groundwater samples were collected for assessment in terms of physicochemical parameters such as pH and turbidity. A statistical analysis has been done with the calculation of the correlation coefficient and the water quality index (WQI) was used to analyze the groundwater quality of the study area. The study has revealed that the correlation between these parameters is about -0.476155325. Further, the WQI at the first location has a rating scale of C known as a poor water quality with an index value of 61.5 and the worst is at the 12th location has an index value of 90.58, or with a D rating as very poor water quality.
Implementing Cloud Computing Technology on Restaurant’s Expenses Monitoring System
Authors: Hasanah F N , Renaldi F , Umbara F R
Published: April 2021

Cloud computing offers the advantage to increase business productivity because it combines computer technology and internet-based development that is currently needed in various fields, including the restaurant industry. The application of cloud computing in the restaurant industry that has been carried out includes building payment transaction systems, restaurant reservation systems, and customer satisfaction systems. Although there have been many studies on cloud computing applications in the restaurant industry, there is still minimal research that discusses the consolidation of many restaurant branches’ expenses. Business activities in the restaurant industry require payments that need to be monitored appropriately to avoid waste, providing information on the cost-efficiency of costs quickly and accurately, allowing easy observation of expenditure data movement. The method used is by collecting expenditure data from all restaurant branches then processing it by comparing the income data obtained to produce output in the form of the level of efficiency achieved by each store. For three months, the sample data were obtained from the Cekeran Midun restaurant, which has seven branches in Bandung and Cimahi, Indonesia. The user acceptance test results show that all functions work well and have an overall acceptance rate of 83.33%, with most comments on the improvement being on the convenience of use and the system’s layout. Further research combines the calculation of costs in a restaurant. It allows the development of a platform that provides cloud computing-based online services that can be used collectively by various restaurants (software as a service).
Image Processing Technology for Edge Detection Based on Vision and Raspberry Pi
Authors: Patria L , Sambas A
Published: April 2021

Rice (Oryza sativa L) is the main food crop in Indonesia because most of Indonesia’s population consumes rice as a staple food. In this paper, we present a system that functions to detect weeds in rice plants using imaging analysis with a camera device and a Raspberry Pi. The Raspberry Pi got a picture of the field from camera that connected through USB connection and send it to the IoT server. The method used in the analysis is to combine the vertical projection method and the linear scanning method. The results showed that our system was very effective in detecting edges in rice plants.
Performance Analysis of Hydraulic Machines Using Impellers Made from Conventional Steel and 3D Printing Co-polymer
Authors: Sitte D , Sutanto H
Published: April 2021

The research on hydraulic machines in industries is appropriate for many reasons. This paper deals with the creation of 3D prototypes of impellers of hydraulic machines printed from ABS plastic and verification of operating characteristics compared to conventional steel impellers of pump and also in turbine mode. The work includes properties, composition and verification of mechanical properties of ABS for different printing methods. Practical measurements of the specific geometry of the different 3D variants of the radial one-stage centrifugal impeller from ABS compared to metal wheels in the real hydraulic circuit are described. The results of the development of experiments demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the printed impellers of all variants have very similar functional values and very identical trends of functional curves of mechanical power and overall mechanical efficiency. At the same optimal speed, the highest performance and efficiency also as the metal wheels have been produced. It is clear from the results of work that prototypes produced by 3D printing achieve optimal performance parameter values in hydraulic testing and it is possible to successfully use this advanced technology in the verification of newly developed pumps, turbines and pumps turbines.
Study of SEM, XRD, TGA, and DSC of Cassava Bioplastics Catalyzed by Ethanol
Authors: Sangian H F , Maneking E , Tongkukut S H J , Mosey H I R , Suoth V , Kolibu H , Tanauma A , Pasau G , As’ari A , Masinambow V A J , Sadjab B A , Sangi M M , Rondonuwu S B
Published: April 2021

This study aims at preparing and characterizing of bioplastics that utilized cassava biomass which was available abundantly in Indonesia. The bioplastic synthesis was conducted with two variations of the reactant, namely cassava + starch + glycerol + water + acetic acid (vinegar) and cassava + starch + glycerol + water + acetic acid + ethanol. Bioplastic obtained was characterized by employing scanning electron microscopic (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC). The results show that bioplastics with the second combination have a high degree of degradation, whereby they were consistent with XRD analysis, appearing a low crystallinity value. The functional groups have shown IR spectra presented the existence of C-H alkanes, C = O esters, and C-H alkene groups. While the surface morphology displayed a flat surface, which was relatively comparable to both samples and the reduction of sample mass during heating was at 2.32 mg.
RSEM Modelling for Eruption Precursors Investigation on Lokon Volcano
Authors: Kaendung V , Pandara D P , Pasau G , Ferdy  , Bobanto M , Telleng R
Published: April 2021

Acceleration of volcanic activity can be detected from changes in the amplitude and energy of the seismic signals recorded around the volcano. The acceleration can be described from RSEM modelling. RSEM is useful for determining eruption precursors on volcanoes. In this study, the calculation of the cumulative RSEM value on Lokon Volcano used a very powerful software, namely ObsPy. Based on the RSEM model, the eruption of Mount Lokon on 12 September 2014 was different in character from the eruption on 20 May 2015. One was dominated by hybrid earthquakes and the other was triggered by volcanic earthquakes. These result showed that RSEM modelling can be used to investigate precursor of eruption.
Plastic Waste Conversion Reinforced with Rice Husk Ash and Red Stone Powder as Partial Sand Replacement for Paving Blocks Production
Authors: Sastrawidana I D K
Published: April 2021

The conversion of plastic waste into economically valuable materials is an innovative way to reduce plastic waste in the environment. At the present study aimed to assess the compressive strength and water absorption capacity of paving blocks from plastic waste combined with rice hausk ash as sand partial replacement and red stone powder as its natural colorant. The speciment were casted in a 6 x 6 x 6 cm mold and pressed with a load of 6 tons using a mechanical pressing machine. The compressive strength and water absorption of paving block at different content of plastic powder and rice husk ash were investigated. The study revealed that paving blocks made by replacing sand with 40% of plastic powder and 5% of rice husk ash pigmented with red stone at the ages of 28 days have compressive strengths of 12.7 MPa with water absorption value of 3.75%. We recommend this paving block was suitable for non-traffic areas such as pedestrians, landscapes, and public walkways.
Study on Generalized Prefer-Opposite (GPO) Algorithm for Constructing the De Bruijn Binary Sequence
Authors: Setiawan A N , Astuti M , Mayasari Z M
Published: April 2021

De Bruijn binary sequence Sn of order n is a string of bits si ∈ {0,1} = {s1, …, s2
n}, so that each string with length n, {a
1, …, a

n
} ∈ {0,1}n appears exactly once. De Bruijn binary sequence can be built using the Generalized Prefer-Opposite (GPO) algorithm. The GPO algorithm is based on the Feedback Shift Register (FSR), which is a clock-regulated circuit with n sequential storage units. In running the algorithm, we need input consisting of the feedback function f(x
0,x
1, …, x

n−1) and initial state
b
=b
0,b
1, …, b

n−1
. There are many combinations of feedback functions and initial states that can be used, then grouped into three families namely family one, family two and family three. The purpose of this research is studying the GPO algorithm which use the feedback function from family two

f
(

x
0

,
..
,

x

n
−
1

)
=
1
+

∏

i
=
t

n
−
1

x
i

,
0
<
t
<
n
,
t
=
2
,
n
=
4

and initial state
b
=1100 in constructing the de Bruijn binary sequence. The result of this study indicate that the GPO algorithm with the feedback function and the initial state from the family two construct a de Bruijn binary sequence.
Absorption of Remazol Red dye from textile waste using activated carbon from coconut shell
Authors: Saraswati N L P A , Sastrawidana I D K
Published: April 2021

The use of dyes in textile industry has great potential in polluting the environment, particularly due to the remaining dyes in wastewater are very difficult to decompose naturally. This pollution can be reduced by conducting special treatment on textile waste to decrease the dyes level. One of the most popular is the adsorption method. The purpose of this research was to study the adsorption of Remazol Red dye in textile waste by activated carbon synthesized from coconut shell. Activated carbon was given two different treatments: without activation and with activation at 900 °C. The results showed that the activated carbon synthesized had water content of 22.52% (without activation) and 9.49% (with activation). The adsorption of these activated carbons against Remazol Red dye took place optimally at the contact time of 30 minutes by following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption process occurs homogeneously with the formation of monolayer with a qm value (maximum monolayer capacity) of 226.2 mg/g (without activation) and 250 mg/g (with activation).
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Hippobroma longiflora Extracts
Authors: Martiningsih N W , Mudianta I W , Suryanti I A P
Published: April 2021

This study aims to identify the secondary metabolite compounds and to test the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and chloroform fraction of Hippobroma longiflora leaves. Extraction was carried out by the maceration method using ethanol. The resulting crude ethanol extract was then partitioned with n-hexane and chloroform. Each extract and fraction was then tested by phytochemical screening. Antioxidant activity testing was carried out using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The phytochemical screening test showed that the ethanol extract contained flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, and alkaloids; the n-hexane fraction contained steroids, and alkaloids; and the chloroform fraction contained flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids. Analysis of the antioxidant activity revealed the following Inhibitory Concentration (IC50 values): 9.57 ppm of ethanol extract, 99.59 ppm of n-hexane fraction, 48.54 ppm of chloroform fraction, and 4.30 ppm of ascorbic acid. Based on these results, the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract was more potential than the n-hexane and chloroform fractions, but smaller than ascorbic acid.
Activity recognition (AR) to detect dementia using wi-fi based wireless sensor network with receive signal srength indicator (RSSI) method
Authors: Rubiani H , Samsoleh E , Fitri S
Published: April 2021

The existence of an increase in human life is the main goal of the growing development of information technology. There are several technologies in the field of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) which are the main features, one of which is activity recognition. Using AR allows understanding human behavior when carrying out an activity. We have entered a period of population aging, namely an increase in life expectancy which increases with increasing old age. The elderly is susceptible to a disease called dementia. One of the symptoms of dementia is repetition of simple activities such as wandering. These symptoms can be detected by the AR system by classifying the current activity patterns of the elderly and comparing them with previously stored patterns to show early symptoms such as wandering. In efficient AR location research and Wi-Fi based detection methods using the Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) method and location detection algorithms with K-NN modeling with k = 1. With cross validation showing k = 1 yields an accuracy of 75.73% and distance The minimum average error is 0.298 meters which is better than k = 2 to k = 10.To see the pattern of object movement, in this case, the 85 year old elderly applies the Random Way Point (RWP) model as a model to infer or conclude dementia with calculating the value of the Atotal based on the location of the object and the time it was observed for 24 hours, and the result is that the amount of 3.139 exceeds the limit of normal conditions of 1.81.
Synthesis of Ag3PO4/HAp from Red Snapper Bone (Lutjanus spp.) For Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Lairah V P J , Wuntu A D , Aritonang H F
Published: April 2021

Fish bone is one part of the fish body that is often not used in the fish processing industry, so it needs to be used as HAp. For the composite material to be used in the study of the photodegradation kinetics model of methylene blue, it must go through synthesis. This research went through a calcination process to obtain fish bone powder at a temperature of 600°C. The purpose of this study was to determine the kinetics model of the photodegradation of methylene blue by Ag3PO4/HAp composites from 600°C calcined fish bones with a ratio of Ag;HAp = 5:1 and 2.5:1. The synthesis was carried out by reacting HAp with acid and AgNO3 and then characterized by the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method. The results showed that the composite formed was Ag3PO4/HAp and at the peak of the 2θ samples diffraction patterns with standard diffraction patterns were very similar. The determination of this kinetics model resulted in the highest R2 value in the second order kinetics model with a mole ratio of Ag:HAp = 2.5:1, namely 0.001 so that the photodegradation of methylene blue took place following the second order kinetics model.
Comparison of Spatial Weights in Modeling Inflation and Money Supply Using the Spatial Vector Autoregressive Model with Calendar Variations
Authors: Sumarminingsih E , Setiawan  , Suharsono A , Ruchjana B N
Published: April 2021

In modeling inflation and the money supply simultaneously using SpVAR with calendar variations, it is necessary to have the appropriate spatial weight. There are several spatial weights that can be used, including uniform weight, inverse distance weight and weight based on normalization of cross correlation. This study aims to compare the three spatial weights for modeling inflation and the money supply simultaneously using the SpVAR model with calendar variations. The results of this study indicate that the weight based on normalization of cross correlation is the best spatial weight for modeling inflation and the money supply simultaneously using the SpVAR model with calendar variations because it produces the model with the smallest Mean Square Error (MSE)..
Prediction of the mechanical properties of Polypropylene reinforced with Snail Shell Powder with a Deep Neural Network Model and the Finite Element Method
Authors: Moumen Aziz , Laabid Zineb , Lakhdar Abdelghani , Mansouri Khalifa
Published: April 2021

Neural networks have led to the evolution of the processing methodology of computational sciences. The problems like bio composites modeling and prediction are difficult to model with classical mathematical and statistical tools because of the data inherent noise. NN’s processing capability in the forecasting, recognition, modeling, system analysis and control can give fast characterization, modeling and prediction of bio composites properties, provided as long as datasets are available. Using Matlab®, a neural network model was evaluated to characterize the optimal properties of the ANS reinforced the Polypropylene. The feed forward multilayer model provided best results in comparison with the finite element method and the experimental tensile tests. The trained neural network is able to provide a best prediction of such bio composite based on natural particles having more advantages to the environment, economy and the sustainable development.
Dynamic mechanical behavior of unfilled and graphite filled carbon epoxy composites
Authors: SudarshanRao K
Published: April 2021

In the present study, the viscoelastic behavior of graphite filled and unfilled carbon epoxy composite is investigated through dynamic mechanical analysis. The investigation has been conducted using a three-point bend test (flexure mode) in the range of temperature from 30 to 200° C at one Hz frequency at arate of heating of 2° C/min.The viscoelastic characteristics including loss-modulus, storage modulus, damping factor, and composite glass transition temperature have been determined. It was found that the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the carbon fabric reinforced epoxy are highly dependent on the presence of graphite particulate composites. The storage modulus, glass-transition temperature, and loss modulus of filled graphite composites were higher than the unfilled ones. However, combining a graphite filler with carbon epoxy composite limits polymer molecules movement that leads to a decrease in tan δ.
Optimization of Parameters for Nitronic-60 on Wire-Cut Electrical Discharge Machining using Zinc-Coated Wire
Authors: Srinivasa Reddy V. , Gopinath V. , Haritha M. , Marimuthu P , Chandrasekaran K. , Kalyan Chakravarthy N S
Published: April 2021

The objectives of this work are to research the effective parameters of pulse ON time; pulse OFF time; voltage & wire feed whereas machined on Nitronic-60 exploitation wire-cut discharge machining exploitation zinc-coated wire. During this work, metal removal rate, surface roughness, and kerfwidth are taken as output parameters. The experimental results planned an optimum combination of parameters that provide the utmost material removal rate, minimum surface roughness, and kerf dimension. Finally, confirmation experiments were disbursed to spot the effectiveness of the planned technique. Multivariate analysis and ANOVA are performed exploitation Response Surface Linear Model.
Surfactant free synthesis and characterization of α-MoO3 nanoplates: A feasibility study to remove methylene blue from aqueous medium
Authors: Jain V M , Shah D V , Patel K K , Doshi Y
Published: April 2021

Orthorhombic a-MoO3 nanoplates have been synthesized by surfactant free chemical method. The prepared samples were analysed by various characterization techniques viz. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and Diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The XRD profile revealed the orthorhombic phase of the prepared material and obtained structural parameter confirms the formation of α-MoO3. EDAX depicts the prepared material’s compositional proportion and has no traces of the foreign elements as well. The topographic images of SEM indicate formation of nanoplate shaped MoO3 having a thickness in range of 200 to 300 nm. FTIR and Raman, on the basis of vibrational behaviour of chemical bonds present in the material, confirm the formation of orthorhombic MoO3. DRS study shows the band gap is about 2.95 eV. Further, the study of adsorption of methylene blue (MB) by synthesized MoO3 shows its potential application in the waste water treatment.
Hot Compression and Processing maps of Magnesium reinforced with Boron Nitride Nano-composites
Authors: Vara Prasad Kaviti R , Jeyasimman D. , Narayanasamy R , Gupta Manoj , Bharath V G
Published: April 2021

Hot compression analysis of Magnesium/Boron nitride nanocomposites were investigated with the help of UTM attached with Furnace having a capacity of 100 KN. The tests were conducted from 0.001-1 s–1 strain rate and 200–450°C temperature with an interval of 50°C. The Dynamic Material Model (DMM) is used to obtain the flow curves and processing maps and optimum hot-working conditions. The optical and scanning electron microscopes are used to analyse the microstructure of the materials. The results illustrated in relation to the material damage and structural change of the s amples are varied according to the environments. It was demonstrated that the correct microstructure is also associated with the microstructure observed.
Experimental investigation on Hydrogen embrittlement of EN47 Spring steel
Authors: Basukumar H K , Arun K V
Published: April 2021

Carbon steel is one of the significant engineering materials used in industrial and automotive sector. Most of the engineering metals are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). It is an inherent phenomenon, which will occur during the course of service life and leads to pre mature failure of the component. In view of this, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the failure behavior of EN47 in a hydrogen simulated environment. The immersion type hydrogen charging method was adopted. The effect of HE was explored through conventional tensile testing. Experimentations were carried out according to ASTM E8 Standards. The tensile behavior of spring steel and effect of hydrogen interaction with materials was studied. The treated test material experience brittle to ductile transition exhibiting mixed mode fracture morphology on fracture surfaces, often considered being confirmation of failure through HE. Hydrogen charging causes the samples to become brittle, and reduced the plastic deformability. From the test results it can be interfered that the hydrogen charged specimen exhibits loss of ductility and also reduced the ultimate strength.
CBR Characteristics of Cementitious Graded Gravel Soils by Curing Methods
Authors: Chandra Ganja Sekar , Satyanarayana P.V.V. , Naidu P.Ganapati
Published: April 2021

The service life and performance of pavements mainly depends on the quality of materials used in the construction, Majority of local soils in their natural form lack in desired strength and durability required for the intended constructions, they are to be improved through the standard process of stabilization to make them suitable as one of the construction material, The cement treated soils are widely used in granular base and sub-base courses of pavements as construction material due to batter strength and durability. The current study there are three different locally available gravel soils has been selected and tested for their physical properties, compaction and strength characteristics, as per the test results the soils were classified as GM-GC, GC-1 and GC-2 and CBR% values were 28, 26 and 25 respectively, as per MORTH specifications CBR%>35 to use as base course material, hence the selected soils could not be used as base course material due to its low CBR values, so that cement stabilization has been used to improve the CBR% values. The different percentages of cement 0%, 1 %, 2% 15% were added to GM-GC, GC-1 and GC-2 soils with gradation of G-50%(26.5 mm to 4.75mm IS-Sieves) and G-50% (4.75mm to 0.002mm IS-Sieves) and tests were conducted to assess the compaction and strength characteristics by varying curing methods as 7days moisture, 7days water and 7days partial curing (3days maisture+4days water). As per the experimental results, it observed that among selected soils GM-GC soil has achieved CBR% of 85-101 with addition of 6-7% of cement under the partial curing (3M-4W) for 7days, it is more than appropriate to use this soil as base course material in road construction as per the MORTH (CBR %> 35)specifications.
The Waste Management of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Waste: A Review
Authors: Thachnatharen N , Shahabuddin S , Sridewi N
Published: April 2021

This paper reviews on the current techniques used for the management of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic waste. The increasing amount of PET wastes and growing environmental concern had placed emphasis on various recycling methods such as chemical and mechanical recycling of PET waste. The focus of this review is on the various mechanical and chemical recycling methods for PET wastes. The conclusion with suggestion to the involved authority on the proper PET waste management to avoid pollution to the environment have been presented in last section.
2-D Study of Near-field Generated by Surface Plasmon Resonance of Short Axis of Gold Nano-rods on SiO2 and CeO2/SiO2 Substrates for Optimisation of Water Splitting Reaction
Authors: Idris M N S M , Chiang H P , Chou Chau Y F , Mahadi A H , Lim C M
Published: April 2021

Distinguishing near-field intensity distribution and plasmon resonance peak wavelength of surface plasmon resonance of gold nano-rods (AuNRs) can provide information for the optimisation of localised surface plasmon and gap plasmon resonances of gold nano-rods. This work, shows the influence of how refractive indexes of the surrounding medium and adjacent surface, as well as, AuNRs pair inter-particle gap contributes to the generation of surface plasmon resonances. The simulation model presented consists of AuNRs pair situated on silicon dioxide (SiO2) and cerium dioxide/silicon dioxide (CeO2/SiO2) substrates with air and water as the surrounding media. The results show high near-field intensities at AuNRs/CeO2 interfaces with CeO2 refractive index (n = 2.38), and the near-field intensities contributed by the gap resonance is minimal between the AuNRs of inter-particle gap of 10 nm, however, the near-field intensities become significant near to the AuNRs/CeO2 interfaces because of reduced near-field interference. The simulation set-up provides the conditions for water splitting in thermochemical redox reaction of CeO2/CeO2-x resulting in the production of hydrogen. AuNRs pair with inter-particle gap of 5 nm situated on 10 nm thick CeO2 of CeO2/SiO2 substrate shows the most favorable conditions for water splitting.
Comparative analysis of the performance of cabinet solar dryer and open sun drying for Banana slices
Authors: Naing Than Tun , Soe Cho Thandar
Published: April 2021

Sun-drying is the traditional method of preservation fruits, crops and vegetables. It is also an alternative way to prevent the shortage of natural resources. But traditional sun drying causes damage to food quality and cannot prevent dust, any other insets and birds. For this reason, this paper represents the design calculation of cabinet solar dryer for 1kg of banana slices and the comparative investigation of cabinet solar dryer and open sun drying. The thickness of a banana slice is taken 4mm. After 14 hours of drying time in two days experiment, moisture content of banana slices inside of the cabinet dryer is 14% meanwhile open sun drying is still 40%. As a result, the desired moisture content of banana slice can be received quickly in cabinet solar dryer. And then, it can easily construct with locally cheap and environmentally acceptable, non-hazard materials. Cabinet solar dryer can also reduce the loss of food due to high temperature, insects, and birds. Hence, it is more effective than open sun drying.
Investigation on wind energy for grid connection in Bangladesh: Case study
Authors: Madlool N A , Hossain M S , Alshukri M J , Selvaraj Jeyraj , Taher Ahmed A , Gupta Vaskar Das , Mazumder Prasun , Rahim Nasrudin Abd
Published: April 2021

The increasing demand for energy in Bangladesh as well as all over the world is continuously growing unabated because of the increase of the world population and the countries’ fast-developing industrialization programs. In this critical stage of energy crisis, renewable energy is a highly welcome reliable energy source wherein wind energy is the cheapest replenishable and available energy source of the time. Regarding this particular energy source, a feasibility study of the wind energy in Chittagong has been done by analyzing the wind speed data. It is estimated that the maximum practical power output generated can be 124.53 MW at Parky beach. The number of wind turbines, operation and maintenance cost and pay-back period of those sites are also calculated.
A Newly-Developed Control Method for Harmonic Mitigation in PV Grid-Connected Inverters Under Electric Arc Furnaces in Industrial Microgrids
Authors: Naderipour Amirreza , Abdul-Malek Zulkurnain , Nowdeh Saber Arabi , Guerrero Josep. M.
Published: April 2021

A microgrid (MG) is a discrete energy system consisting of distributed generation (DG) and loads or nonlinear loads that is able to operate at the same time the main grid is operating. The DG units can operate in parallel with the main grid or in an MG mode. The unbalanced and nonlinear characteristics of numerous loads that are in connection with the power system have the potential to bring about some problems, in terms of power quality, which can affect other consumers. For instance, the electric arc furnaces (EAFs) cause considerable problems for power quality. The instantaneous power theory (pq) and the coordinate formulation (dq) are proposed in this paper for harmonic current compensation for PV grid-connected inverters and EAF in MGs. With the proposed control strategy under EAF conditions, the total harmonic distortions of the system current were decreased from 38.24% to 3.25%, which duly satisfies the IEEE 519-1992 standard.
Series Motor Four Quadrants Drive DC Chopper Part3:Field Weakening mode
Authors: Arof Saharul , Diyanah N.H.N. , Noorsal Emilia , Mawby Philip , Arof H.
Published: April 2021

This paper describes the operation of a field weakening mode of a new four quadrants DC chopper (FQDC) that can be used to extend the speed of an Electric Car (EC). A mathematical model and real experiment are used to verify the effectiveness of the field weakening mode of the proposed FQDC. First, Matlab/Simulink is used to simulate the system under study and the results indicate that the proposed approach is effective. This is followed by a real experiment using a prototype electric vehicle driven by a DC series motor. The results of the experiment show that the proposed FQDC successfully performed the operation as intended.
Design and Analysis of Multilevel Inverter based on Cascaded Half-Bridge and Three-Phase Unfolder Circuit
Authors: Rosli Farhana N. , Elias M. F. M. , Rahim N. A.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a multilevel inverter based on cascaded half-bridge and three-phase unfolder is proposed. The proposed inverter design is simulated by using MATLAB Simulink. The converter is designed with four series-connected half-bridge cells and a three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter. The proposed converter is able to produce an output voltage of 230V and a frequency of 50 Hz. There are two modulation techniques implemented for the proposed inverter topology namely; phase-shifted modulation and phase opposition disposition modulation. The basic principle of operations using both modulation techniques including the performance analysis are presented.
A note on singular equivalences and idempotents
Authors: Shen Dawei
Published: April 2021

Let

Λ
\Lambda

be an Artin algebra and let

e
e

be an idempotent in

Λ
\Lambda

. We study certain functors which preserve the singularity categories. Suppose

pd
⁡
Λ

e

e
Λ
e

>
∞

\operatorname {pd} \Lambda e_{e\Lambda e}>\infty

and
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="i d Subscript normal upper Lamda Baseline StartFraction normal upper Lamda slash mathematical left-angle e mathematical right-angle Over r a d normal upper Lamda slash mathematical left-angle e mathematical right-angle EndFraction greater-than normal infinity">

id
⁡

Λ

Λ

/

⟨
e
⟩

r
a
d
Λ

/

⟨
e
⟩

>
∞

\operatorname {id}{_\Lambda \frac {\Lambda /\langle e\rangle }{rad\Lambda /\langle e\rangle }} > \infty

, we show that there is a singular equivalence between

e
Λ
e

e\Lambda e

and

Λ
\Lambda

.
Geometric structures and the Laplace spectrum, Part II
Authors: Lin Samuel , Schmidt Benjamin , Sutton Craig
Published: April 2021

We classify the locally homogeneous Riemannian metrics on elliptic three-manifolds, which contributes to our classification of the compact homogeneous Riemannian three-manifolds. Then, we apply the former result to our continued exploration of the extent to which the spectrum encodes the local geometry of a locally homogeneous three-manifold. Specifically, using the first four heat invariants, we find that any collection of isospectral locally homogeneous metrics on an elliptic three-manifold

Γ
∖

S
3

\Gamma \backslash S^3

contains at most two isometry classes and these classes are necessarily locally isometric. In fact, if the elliptic three-manifold is

S
3

S^3

,

R

P
3

\mathbb {R}P^3

or has non-cyclic fundamental group, then (up to isometry) its locally homogeneous Riemannian metrics can be mutually distinguished via their spectra. Currently, there is no example of an isospectral pair consisting of locally homogeneous elliptic three-manifolds with non-isometric universal cover; however, we show that if such a pair exists, then it satisfies certain restrictive geometric conditions. Finally, we note that our classification of locally homogeneous elliptic three-manifolds shows that, for

q
≥
3

q \geq 3

, the lens space

L
(
q
;
1
,
1
)

L(q;1,1)

admits pairs of locally isometric locally homogeneous metrics where only one of the metrics is homogeneous. While this phenomenon cannot occur in dimension two, these lens spaces account for all such examples in dimension three.
RTN4B interacting protein FAM134C promotes ER membrane curvature and has a functional role in autophagy
Authors: Kumar Darshan , Lak Behnam , Suntio Taina , Vihinen Helena , Belevich Ilya , Viita Tiina , Xiaonan Liu , Vartiainen Aki , Vartiainen Maria , Varjosalo Markku , Jokitalo Eija
Published: April 2021

FAM134C is a novel ER membrane protein sharing some functional features with Reticulon 4 while having a specific function in regulating the size, number, and cargo of autophagosomes during amino acid starvation.
Multiple C2 domain–containing transmembrane proteins promote lipid droplet biogenesis and growth at specialized endoplasmic reticulum subdomains
Authors: Joshi Amit S. , Ragusa Joey V. , Prinz William A. , Cohen Sarah
Published: April 2021

MCTPs can tubulate the ER via reticulon homology domains. They localize to ER subdomains that are sites of lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis. MCTP reticulon homology domains promote LD biogenesis, while C2 domains mediate ER-LD contacts to promote LD growth. MCTPs may function more broadly to link ER tubules with organelle contact sites.
Unrequested Benefits, Damages Assessment, and Information Acquisition
Authors: Liu Zhiyong (John) , Avraham Ronen , Qiao Yue
Published: April 2021

We investigate the interaction between the law’s prohibition of recovery for unrequested benefits (but provision of damages for unrequested harms) imposed on third parties, and parties’ incentives at the ex ante stage to acquire information about the harms or benefits of the activities they consider engaging in. We analyze the impact of these interactions on the efficiency ranking of two prevalent damages regimes: ex ante damages and ex post damages. We show that ex post damages induce information acquisition, thus potentially leading to more efficient decision-making. However, under an ex post regime, the existence of, and the prohibition of recovery for, unrequested benefits distort parties’ incentives to acquire information and engage in the activity. Taking into account the tradeoff between these effects, we show that the relative efficiency of ex ante versus ex post damages depends on the size of potential unrequested benefits, and how the ex ante damages are calculated by courts, specifically, whether they are truncated or not. The larger the potential unrequested benefits, the more likely nontruncated ex ante damages outperform ex post damages. In contrast, ex post damages are always more efficient than truncated ex ante damages.