bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre épicurisme moral et jugement esthétique : les variations critiques de Saint-Evremond sur l'expression des passions au théâtre
Authors: Darmon Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2016

The strength of Georges Benrekassa's work comes from the fact that he reveals Enlightenment philosophy's salutary impurity, while removing the barriers between different fields of knowledge. His work, evolving from a historico-philosophical interest to the question of intepretation, confronts the question of the use to which the Enlightenment can be put today. G. Benrekassa has posed this question in his major works, but also in his many articles, while always placing himself on both sides of the frontier between thinking and knowing. For him, the act of interpretation is a search for a sort of perpetually moving critical point, whether he is studying Montesquieu's poetry of argument or the compara¬ tive power of the hermeneut and the interpreter. Benrekassa's reflective horizon is that of a philia, a possible community in the field of knowledge.
Matérialisme et épicurisme en Angleterre au début du siècle
Authors: Thomson Ann
Published: June 2016

This article deals with a high profile but now forgotten English debate on the nature of the soul at the turn of the 17th-18th Centuries, which continued an earlier mortalist controversy. It centred on the works of the Rev. Henry Layton and Dr William Coward, as well as John Toland's Letters to Serena. They attempted to explain intellectual activity in terms of matter and denied the existence of an immaterial and immortal soul before the general resurrection and last judgement. Although Layton and Coward presented their position as truly Christian and supported it with Biblical quotations as well as physiological discussion, they were accused of Epicureanism and Hobbism. This study of their works and those of their opponents, as well as the intellectual context, throws light on what was meant by Epicureanism in this period and the persistence of particular Epicurean themes allied to others, drawn from Spinoza or Locke, for example.
L'abolition du Jardin : le statut du philosophe comme homme caché dans le Traité des trois imposteurs
Authors: Anderson Abraham
Published: June 2016

Classical and 17th-century Epicureanism was anti-political : it taught a with¬ drawal from public life. 18th-century Epicureanism, on the other hand, is a revolutionary doctrine. How are we to explain this transformation ? The apparent incoherence of the Traité des trois Imposteurs gives us a hint. That work combines an underlying intellectual elitism stemming from Spinoza and Descartes with an intellectual egalitarianism resting on Epicurean sensualism. We can save the coherence of the Traité if we read it as a 'Baylean' work. Cartesian intellectualism was the source of the attack on prejudices involved in the project of Enlightenment, but was in tension with the egalitarianism implied in that project. Bayle's mingling of Cartesian intellectualism with Epicurean sensualism made Epicureanism revolutionary.
Chappe d'Auteroche à Cadix. Quatre lettres inédites (1768)
Authors: Mervaud Michel
Published: June 2016

The old Tahitian's speech in the famous episode of the old man's farewell is probably the best-known passage in Diderot's Supplément au voyage de Bou¬ gainville. Although it is part of a classical tradition, this speech was rewritten many times in the course of nearly ten years. The present article demonstrates that Raynal, who was behind Diderot's writing of the Hottentot's speech in the third edition of the Histoire des deux Indes and the old Tahitian's speech in the Supplément au voyage de Bougainville, took his inspiration from a Hottentot speech in the French translation of Olfert Dapper's Description de l'Afrique.
Être Noir à Nantes
Authors: Noël Érick
Published: June 2016

Nantes, the French slaving capital, was also the main port of entry into the country for Blacks in the 18th Century. About six or seven hundred 'nègres', mainly brought from the West Indies and concentrated near the Quai de la Fosse, worked there for leading families on a large variety of handicrafts. Nevertheless, the theoretical freedom accorded to all those who had managed to reach the kingdom was even more of a myth here than elsewhere due to ever stricter legislation, and integration was clearly a failure at the time of the Revolution.
Exégèse et apologétique dans la deuxième moitié du 18° siècle
Authors: Lefebvre Philippe
Published: June 2016

Exegesis has its place inside the Church, in the relationship between the faithful and the exegete, the theologian and the preacher. As the apologetic nature of the sermon became more dominant during the century, moral sense was emphasized, its historical meaning brought up to date and allegory or mystery used to avoid the pitfalls of criticism but also to give the text an analogical meaning which can direct the faithful towards prayer and conversion. Thus the relationship between exegesis and apologetics, beyond easily identified perversions, shows up a key aspect of religious language. The text has no meaning beyond the movement that it provokes ; its force is to draw people towards a truth which is only revealed in the history of a listener or a reader, who engages his life by accepting to compromise himself in a confrontation with the text.
Le répertoire du théâtre de Louis-Sébastien Mercier en province
Authors: Aggéri Robert
Published: June 2016

Louis-Sébastien Mercier, a prolific dramatist whose works were translated all over Europe, had difficulty winning recognition in Paris ; La Harpe described him as a 'provincial dramatist'. A study of the theatrical registers of France's major towns and the copyright registers in the Mercier papers at the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal shows that his plays were frequently performed in the provinces until the beginning of the Romantic period. From these archives we can reconstruct the provincial repertory, thus throwing light on the relationships linking author, actors and public. It is this relationship that contributed to the originality of Mercier' s dramatic production.
Une source de la harangue du Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville : La description de l'Afrique de Dapper
Authors: Lanni Dominique
Published: June 2016

The old Tahitian's speech in the famous episode of the old man's farewell is probably the best-known passage in Diderot's Supplément au voyage de Bou¬ gainville. Although it is part of a classical tradition, this speech was rewritten many times in the course of nearly ten years. The present article demonstrates that Raynal, who was behind Diderot's writing of the Hottentot's speech in the third edition of the Histoire des deux Indes and the old Tahitian's speech in the Supplément au voyage de Bougainville, took his inspiration from a Hottentot speech in the French translation of Olfert Dapper's Description de l'Afrique.
Femmes de lettres des Lumières. Images de soi dans la correspondance réelle
Authors: Siess Jürgen
Published: June 2016

Collective images (which can however be modulated or modified in order to give birth to new representations of women) condition the presentation of self in letters. Mme Riccoboni's self image in her correspondence with Robert Liston like Mlle de Lespinasse's in her letters to Guibert, includes elements drawn from the tradition of the Précieuses and their heiresses and mobilises them in order to criticise masculine discourse. Such an attempt can be replaced in the context of the conception of sensibility which was developing at the time, from Mme de Lambert to Rousseau and Julie de Lespinasse via Françoise de Graffïgny and Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni. A figure of the sensitive woman is thus drawn up in relation to the figure of a reasonable and reasoning one but also to a witty one thus appearing within a specifically female sphere.
Trajectoires de femmes, éthique et projet auctorial, Mme de Lambert, Mme d'Épinay, Mme de Genlis
Authors: Brouard-Arends Isabelle
Published: June 2016

In his Dictionary of Theology, abbé Bergier adds to a condemnation of slavery and the slave trade a refusal to take any action against such crimes in the name of human weakness and submission to established order. He is in no way close to the slave-friendly Amis des Noirs.
Les Vieilles Fées ou un «bizarre assortiment»
Authors: Stewart Joan H.
Published: June 2016

In the almost-forgotten original version (1740) of La Belle et la bête (Beauty and the Beast), Gabrielle de Villeneuve tells a far more complicated and erotic tale than does Jeanne Marie Le Prince de Beaumont in her later, shorter version of 1756. Along with Belle and her bestial lover, the prime actors are the fairies, young and old, whose illicit loves are at the origin of the plot. Villeneuve creates a complex society of long-lived fairies, a sort of proto-feminist community where age, not beauty, confers power, and where fairies attain their vétérance and establish their authority only at the age of 1000. But even so, the happy union of Belle with the transformed Bête, and the disgrace of the lustful old fairy (who had changed the young prince into a beast for scorning her amorous advances), celebrate passion in very young women and, in line with contemporary views, censure it in the old, whether fairies or women.
Y a-t-il des femmes des Lumières dans le roman du 18e siècle ?
Authors: Rivara Annie
Published: June 2016

We cannot say what an Enlightenment novel actually is, but can one ascertain what an Enlightenment woman is in such a novel ? One needs to look for an ideological fellowship relating to committed philosophical complexity in particu¬ lar in three major fields : a defence of the individual's right to self-determination in love and in the choice of a religious or worldly life, a defence of women's moral and social rights and that of an intellectual equality of both sexes. From such a view point, fictional heroines are not particularly well placed to be philosophers. We will take care in our study not to confuse the novelist's ideologi¬ cal intentions with the role of his heroine(s). It seems to us that the latter are, in the fullest sense, women of the Enlightenment on condition that they are conscious of at least one of the causes defended in its name, involved, in thought or in deed, in the fight which defends its principles and, finally, perceived, within the novel, to be not purely abstract characters, but believable in the contemporary social universe. Many feminine figures are thus only partly Enlightenment women.
Marie Le Masson Le Golft dans sa petite Ithaque. Le parcours intellectuel d'une Havraise au tournant des Lumières
Authors: Le Meur Cyril
Published: June 2016

Marie Le Masson Le Golft (1749-1826), a writer and naturalist from Normandy, is rarely quoted in biographical dictionaries. This is a sufficient reason to consider her, more than Parisian queens of Salons , to be the true femme des Lumières. Does one really know enough about provincial philosophical culture' s actual diffu¬ sion in the active sectors of the population during the second half of the 1 8th century ? The intellectual silhouette of this woman from Le Havre can contribute greatly to the history of ideas and of the forms of sensibility during the complex cultural period which stretches from the pre-Revolutionary years to the turn of the century. With this sailor's daughter, we encounter Malebranche, Buffon, Daubenton and abbé Grégoire before losing ourselves in the aesthetic experiences of the turn of the century. In 1810, Marie Le Masson Le Golft still speaks of cour century of Enlightenment. However, perhaps because she was a scientist, a draughtswoman, a native of Le Havre and a woman, at the end of her life she appears to reflect the first aesthetic lights of the modern world.
Condillac et l'Académie de Lyon
Authors: Sgard Jean
Published: June 2016

Condillac's work in progress and elaboration of style thanks to a prime example. It also reminds us how important Condillac felt this chapter to be in his book on Logic, his last work, which epitomises his thought in a masterly fashion.
La politique culturelle de Stanislas Auguste de Pologne d'après ses Mémoires
Authors: Triaire Dominique
Published: June 2016

Fearing (rightly) he would be accused of the disappearance of his country, Stanislas Augustus, last king of Poland, took the precaution of writing Memoirs in which he presents his political role and that of his contemporaries. Even though it does not occupy a major role, culture is present in the Memoirs. Firstly in the King's portrait : his was a fine education ; he travelled in Europe ; he read widely, was proud of his library and proposed the plan of an encyclopaedic periodical to Formey ; he surrounded himself with artists and showed himself to be tolerant towards all religions. This cultural action extended from the drawing up of maps of Poland to the encouragement of industry and the improvement of the postal system. His chief commitment was to the commission for national education, very much a Ministry which centralised administration and standardised syllabuses. The King saw it as the best way of ensuring young men remained attached to their country and it was probably not without influence on the vibrant Polish nationalism of the nineteenth century.
L'abbé Bergier et l'esclavage des Noirs
Authors: Bénot Yves
Published: June 2016

In his Dictionary of Theology, abbé Bergier adds to a condemnation of slavery and the slave trade a refusal to take any action against such crimes in the name of human weakness and submission to established order. He is in no way close to the slave-friendly Amis des Noirs.
Écriture de chats
Authors: Ehrard Jean
Published: June 2016

This article was initially part of collective reflections on the writing of science. The example of cats recalls that there are two ways of writing about it in the 18th century, using either words or numbers or at least mathematics. True to his mechanist conception of the universe, Fontenelle applauds the mathematician Antoine Parent's demonstration which reduces the mystery of a cat always falling on its feet, never on its head, to a simple shift in the centre of gravity ! By contrast with this reduction of the miraculous to the intelligible, naturalists prefer common language to geometry. But Daubenton and Buffon's minute descriptions, so rich in concrete observations, are no less loaded with prejudice or even ancestral fantasies. For ordinary words are not mere signs and they bear as many obscure thoughts as they explain clear ideas. Buffon criticises both mathematical abstraction and Linnean obscurity. What would he have thought of the 1789 revolution which Lavoisier's nomenclature brought about in traditional chemistry ?
La Mettrie, l'écrivain et ses masques
Authors: Thomson Ann
Published: June 2016

This article looks at La Mettrie' s statements on the art of writing, the techniques he uses and the transparent masks behind which he hides. This study also throws light on the vexed question of the authorship of certain works which have been attributed to him.
Théâtre et esprit public : les représentations du Mariage de Figaro à Paris (1784-1797)
Authors: Nadeau Maurice
Published: June 2016

Although Beaumarchais played a considerable role in the war of American independence and in the diffusion of its principles in France, in particular through the Courrier de l'Europe which published the first French translation of the United States' Declaration of Independence on August 20th 1776, the 'Voltigeur des Lumières3 (Enlightenment Acrobat) hardly used the concept of public spirit. However, an analysis of performances of the Mariage de Figaro in Paris between 1784 and 1797 makes it possible to apprehend the evolution of the concept during the Revolution from two points of view. Firstly that of the theatre as a space in which an authority emanating from an assembled audience can be exercised. Secondly, that of the resistance of the assembled audience's spirit which is unlike public opinion and the written press that tend to imply an audience which is scattered or confined to private spaces, with regard to its formation, direction or manipulation. The specificity of this cultural practise, based on the three poles of the actor, the audience and the author, turns the audience and actors into co-authors and the playwright himself can help to modify the show's meaning through performance by adding or suppressing parts. A play's meaning is elaborated by the author but also by the actors and the audience who interact in a given socio-political context.
L'animal dans la peinture de Chardin
Authors: Guichet Jean-Luc
Published: June 2016

Officially, in the Academy's terms, a specialist in the painting of animals and fruits (still life), Chardin was clearly interested in animals. His pictures display a very coherent treatment of the theme which culminated in the celebrated Raie, his academic reception piece, herald of his future career. This enigmatic painting fascinated his contemporaries, probably owing to its subject and most particular mode of representation with its unexpected inherent violence. The article attempts further to elucidate the nature and power of this effect and to link it to the new current of sensibility to the living which began in the 18th century.
Qu'est-ce qu'une police éclairée ? La police «amélioratrice» selon Jean-Charles-Pierre Lenoir, lieutenant général à Paris (1775-1785)
Authors: Milliot Vincent
Published: June 2016

Lenoir's papers illustrate the debate over regulatory and improving power which is allowed or denied to the police above and beyond its repressive functions. This is obviously particularly vital with regard to economic and social questions. To consider the police of the Enlightenment is to consider the real or idealised aptitude of this body to impose changes while, at the same time, preserving social cohesion. In a context of difficulties and State crisis, some of the higher echelons of the police, as well as some officers, including Lenoir, attempted as a matter of urgency to produce a new synthesis, soon overcome by the radicalising of political and social points of view.
Modèles éducatifs des Lumières dans la noblesse russe : le cas des Golitsyne
Authors: Berelowitch Wladimir
Published: June 2016

From the 1760s onwards, Russian royal institutions (commissions, the Aca¬ demy of Science, various counsellors of Catherine II) started to think out a means to educate Russia. At the same time, instruction or study programmes were much in demand by the aristocrats for their children. The article deals with educational models which dominated in such a programme at the beginning of the 1780s, as applied to three young boys of the Golitsyne family who were sent overseas.
La Suisse et les Lumières milanaises : pratiques politiques et échanges culturels
Authors: Salvi Elisabeth
Published: June 2016

In the 18th century, both confessional and linguistic fissures, as well as differences in cantonal governments dominated the political life of Switzerland. This geographical fractioning developed into a melting pot fed by the cosmopoli¬ tan exchanges in which Milan played a significant role through the public and individual actions of its citizens. On the basis of the Lombard Enlightenment, writers, politicians or economists give a contrasted vision of Switzerland mixing the descriptions of the Encyclopédie with the politico-social realities of the end of the Ancien Régime.
Corps et subjectivité à l'époque des Lumières
Authors: Barras Vincent , Rieder Philip
Published: June 2016

Is there such a thing as an enlightenment body ? Over the past few decades, the multiplication of objectifying perspectives on the body in history tends to the extreme fragmentation of such a topic. This article defends an exploration of the body as a singular and experienced reality which remains situated in a given historical context. The case of Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, studied thanks to a particularly rich set of archives (diaries, letters, various notes) bears witness to the fact that Saussure, as an individual, elaborates and affirms the meaning of his private body according to experiences and to intimate knowledge and conviction which are forever being revised during his life. The historian can thus analyse the relationship between the scale of the singular body and that of the Enlightenment body.
Sieyès, lecteur problématique des Lumières
Authors: Fauré Christine
Published: June 2016

Sieyès' manuscripts make it possible to appreciate what the reception of the Enlightenment could have meant to the author. The bibliography he drew up at the age of 22 outlines his intellectual life where his political writings continued his rejection of Rousseau and of Montesquieu. Condillac's sensualism inspired his classification and designation of government. His economic ideas, drawn from a critical reflection on physiocracy found, in Adam Smith's works, answers to his social preoccupations.
Pollution en mer par rejets illicites d'hydrocarbures des navires : trois arrêts de la cour d'appel de Rennes
Authors: Roy Daniel
Published: June 2016

Le dispositif de répression des pollutions marines volontaires a été récemment renforcé et son efficacité a déjà conduit à plusieurs condamnations en première instance. L'auteur propose d'établir un bilan de cette application au travers des arrêts de la cour d'appel de Rennes dans les affaires relatives au Voltaire, au Dobrudja et au Nova Hollandia. Ces affaires sont les premiers cas pour pollution par rejet illégal d'hydrocarbures portés en appel devant la cour d'appel de Rennes depuis l'affaire du Traquair en 1996 et la Cour s'est livrée à une analyse très poussée des éléments de preuves apportées par les parties.
ON ASYMPTOTIC CLASSIFICATION OF SOLUTIONS TO FOURTH-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH SINGULAR POWER NONLINEARITY
Authors: Astashova Irina
Published: June 2016

The asymptotic behavior of all solutions to the fourth-order Emden– Fowler type differential equation with singular nonlinearity is investigated. The equation is transformed into a system on the three-dimensional sphere. By investigation of the asymptotic behavior of all possible trajectories of this system an asymptotic classification of all solutions to the equation is obtained.
VARIATION IN THE PRE-TRANSIT BALMER LINE SIGNAL AROUND THE HOT JUPITER HD 189733B
Authors: Cauley P. Wilson , Redfield Seth , Jensen Adam G. , Barman Travis
Published: June 2016

As followup to our recent detection of a pre-transit signal around HD 189733 b, we obtained full pre-transit phase coverage of a single planetary transit. The pre-transit signal is again detected in the Balmer lines but with variable strength and timing, suggesting that the bow shock geometry reported in our previous work does not describe the signal from the latest transit. We also demonstrate the use of the Ca ii H and K residual core flux as a proxy for the stellar activity level throughout the transit. A moderate trend is found between the pre-transit absorption signal in the 2013 data and the Ca ii H flux. This suggests that some of the 2013 pre-transit hydrogen absorption can be attributed to varying stellar activity levels. A very weak correlation is found between the Ca ii H core flux and the Balmer line absorption in the 2015 transit, hinting at a smaller contribution from stellar activity compared to the 2013 transit. We simulate how varying stellar activity levels can produce changes in the Balmer line transmission spectra. These simulations show that the strength of the 2013 and 2015 pre-transit signals can be reproduced by stellar variability. If the pre-transit signature is attributed to circumplanetary material, its evolution in time can be described by accretion clumps spiraling toward the star, although this interpretation has serious limitations. Further high-cadence monitoring at Hα is necessary to distinguish between true absorption by transiting material and short-term variations in the stellar activity level.
OPTICAL SETI OBSERVATIONS OF THE ANOMALOUS STAR KIC 8462852
Authors: Schuetz Marlin , Vakoch Douglas A. , Shostak Seth , Richards Jon
Published: June 2016

To explore the hypothesis that KIC 8462852's aperiodic dimming is caused by artificial megastructures in orbit, rather than a natural cause such as cometary fragments in a highly elliptical orbit, we searched for electromagnetic signals from KIC 8462852 indicative of extraterrestrial intelligence. The primary observations were in the visible optical regime using the Boquete Optical SETI Observatory in Panama. In addition, as a recommended preparatory exercise for the possible future detection of a candidate signal, three of six observing runs simultaneously searched radio frequencies at the Allen Telescope Array in California. No periodic optical signals greater than 67 photons m−2 within a time frame of 25 ns were seen. If, for example, any inhabitants of KIC 8462852 were targeting our solar system with 5 MJ laser pulses, locally illuminating an approximately 3 au diameter disk, the signal could have been detected at the Boquete Observatory. The limits on narrowband radio signals were 180–300 Jy Hz at 1 and 8 GHz, respectively. While the power requirement for a detectable, isotropic narrowband radio transmission from KIC 8462852 is quite high, even modest targeting on the part of the putative extraterrestrials can lower this power substantially.
A DIPOLE ON THE SKY: PREDICTIONS FOR HYPERVELOCITY STARS FROM THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD
Authors: Boubert Douglas , Evans N. Wyn
Published: June 2016

We predict the distribution of hypervelocity stars (HVSs) ejected from the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), under the assumption that the dwarf galaxy hosts a central massive black hole (MBH). For the majority of stars ejected from the LMC, the orbital velocity of the LMC has contributed a significant fraction of their galactic rest-frame velocity, leading to a dipole density distribution on the sky. We quantify the dipole using spherical harmonic analysis and contrast with the monopole expected for HVSs ejected from the Galactic center (GC). There is a tendril in the density distribution that leads the LMC, which is coincident with the well-known and unexplained clustering of HVSs in the constellations of Leo and Sextans. Our model is falsifiable since it predicts that Gaia will reveal a large density of HVSs in the southern hemisphere.
DISCOVERY OF A MAKEMAKEAN MOON
Authors: Parker Alex H. , Buie Marc W. , Grundy Will M. , Noll Keith S.
Published: June 2016

We describe the discovery of a satellite in orbit about the dwarf planet (136472) Makemake. This satellite, provisionally designated S/2015 (136472) 1, was detected in imaging data collected with the Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 on UTC 2015 April 27 at 7.80 ± 0.04 mag fainter than Makemake and at a separation of 0.″57. It likely evaded detection in previous satellite searches due to a nearly edge-on orbital configuration, placing it deep within the glare of Makemake during a substantial fraction of its orbital period. This configuration would place Makemake and its satellite near a mutual event season. Insufficient orbital motion was detected to make a detailed characterization of its orbital properties, prohibiting a measurement of the system mass with the discovery data alone. Preliminary analysis indicates that if the orbit is circular, its orbital period must be longer than 12.4 days and must have a semimajor axis ≳21,000 km. We find that the properties of Makemake’s moon suggest that the majority of the dark material detected in the system by thermal observations may not reside on the surface of Makemake, but may instead be attributable to S/2015 (136472) 1 having a uniform dark surface. This “dark moon hypothesis” can be directly tested with future James Webb Space Telescope observations. We discuss the implications of this discovery for the spin state, figure, and thermal properties of Makemake and the apparent ubiquity of trans-Neptunian dwarf planet satellites.
La grammaire de la haine dans le quatrième Évangile
Authors: Zumstein Jean
Published: June 2016

Dans le quatrième Évangile, la violence peut être identifiée dans trois récits fondus les uns dans les autres et qui constituent la narration proprement dite : le récit de la vie de Jésus sur lequel se superpose celui du destin postpascal de ses disciples, ces deux récits étant eux-mêmes encadrés par un récit de nature mythologique. Or à lire attentivement l’Évangile, le lecteur découvre que la narration est habitée par une violence croisée qui frappe tour à tour Jésus, ses disciples et les « Juifs ».
Le jeune Heidegger « à l’école du christianisme »
Authors: Camilleri Sylvain
Published: June 2016

Sylvain Camilleri * propose de montrer comment, bien avant la publication en 1927 de son maître-ouvrage Être et temps , le jeune Martin Heidegger a essayé de mettre sa philosophie « à l’école du christianisme ». Il fait ici référence à sa manière d’en appeler implicitement ou explicitement à Søren Kierkegaard afin d’ existentialiser sa pensée, au sens bien précis de l’inscrire dans une certaine dialectique du fini et de l’infini, c’est-à-dire de l’être – que je suis – et de Dieu, avec pour objectif de permettre à cette pensée de prendre les paradoxes de la vie comme tels. L’enquête vise à nuancer l’historiographie courante, principalement française, en montrant que Heidegger ne fut pas tant l’instigateur de l’existentialisme athée qu’un singulier représentant de l’existentialisme chrétien, souvent présenté, à raison selon l’auteur, comme un courant ancien renouvelé de manière déterminante par Kierkegaard.
Origines et fondations du religieux : une question théologique, historique et anthropologique
Authors: Vidal Gilles
Published: June 2016

À partir de différents exemples tirés de l’histoire et de l’anthropologie religieuse et de deux écrits de Franz Kafka, Gilles Vidal * s’interroge sur les origines et les fondations du religieux d’un point de vue théologique. Après avoir défini ce terme, il propose une typologie des relations entre le religieux, ses origines et ses fondations se déclinant en quatre modèles : la proclamation, l’occultation, la refondation et l’anticipation.
De la continuité entre morale et politique : éthique minimale ou perfectionnisme politique ?
Authors: De Briey Laurent
Published: June 2016

Ruwen Ogien soutient l’idée d’une continuité entre morale et politique, tandis que le libéralisme politique ne vise que le champ politique. Peut-on dès lors adopter une position libérale qui contrevienne à l’éthique minimaliste d’Ogien ? C’est la tentative de Nathalie Maillard qui retravaille les notions suivantes : devoirs envers soi, dignité, conception de la vie bonne. Il est donc nécessaire d’étudier de près les exemples concrets retenus par Maillard pour appuyer ses thèses, notamment celui de l’esclavage volontaire, de la prostitution ou du don d’organes car l’usage qu’elle en propose mérite discussion. Il y a porosité entre les devoirs envers soi et les devoirs envers autrui qui tend vers un perfectionnisme modéré.
Coopérer entre institutions en périnatalité
Authors: Nezelof Sylvie
Published: June 2016

La fragilisation des liens sociaux rend nécessaire le travail pluripartenarial autour de la naissance. Plusieurs directives ministérielles ont préconisé des modes d’organisation permettant d’assurer continuité et cohérence. Même si toutes n’ont pas abouti, la psychiatrie et la santé mentale périnatale se sont individualisées, permettant que se mettent en place des dispositifs gradués de soins et des partenariats entre les multiples acteurs du soin périnatal. L’objectif est d’offrir de la manière la plus ajustée possible le meilleur étayage au déploiement des processus de parentalité des parents et au développement physique et psycho-affectif du bébé.
Pour la santé mentale et la psychiatrie périnatales en France
Authors: Dugnat Michel , Gouzvinski Françoise
Published: June 2016

Les rapports entre l’obstétrique, la médecine néonatale, la pédopsychiatrie et la psychiatrie sont anciens. Les politiques publiques concernant le champ du soin et du « prendre soin » en période périnatale, souvent appelé désormais « périnatalité », se déploient depuis une trentaine d’années. Elles sont le fait de hasards, de rencontres, de conflits, mais aussi d’une volonté soutenue de rendre possible l’accès à un parcours de soin adapté à chaque famille, à travers le travail en réseau personnalisé. Des sages-femmes formées à l’entretien prénatal précoce aux unités d’hospitalisation conjointe parents-bébé temps plein, c’est une offre graduée de soins psychiques qu’il faut parvenir à construire sur l’ensemble des territoires, en sortant des dispositifs dépendants d’une personne, d’une équipe, d’un territoire, ou encore d’une histoire. La coopération pour plaider dans ce sens doit devenir partie intégrante de l’action de chacun des professionnels.
Caracterización de la reacción de oxidación superficial y su influencia sobre la absorción de radiación durante el proceso de temple superficial con láser para el acero 42CrMo4
Authors: Cordovilla Francisco , Domínguez Jesús , Sancho Paula , García-Beltrán Ángel , Ocaña José Luis
Published: June 2016

El temple superficial con láser es un proceso en el que se depositan elevadas expectativas por sus innumerables ventajas en términos de calidad y productividad frente al temple por inducción. Su implantación efectiva, no obstante, se está viendo lastrada ante la falta de herramientas predictivas fiables y flexibles. Existen diversos modelos para el cálculo de temperaturas, aunque pocos realizan un tratamiento exhaustivo de la oxidación superficial y sus importantísimas implicaciones sobre la absorción de radiación láser. Este artículo adopta un modelo acoplado temperaturas/oxidación disponible en la literatura, utilizándolo, por primera vez, para la simulación de procesos sencillos llevados a cabo en distintas condiciones de potencia y velocidad, para el acero 42CrMo4. Dichas condiciones han sido reproducidas experimentalmente, registrando la temperatura máxima superficial y el espesor de óxido generado. Ambos resultados han mostrado un elevado grado de coincidencia con los resultados teóricos, avalando la fiabilidad y utilidad del modelo.
L’epyllion hellénistique : une forme poétique en quête d’elle-même. Recherches sur les données métapoétiques de l’epyllion
Authors: Cusset Christophe
Published: June 2016

Refusant de lire les poèmes hellénistiques à travers la notion de genre en tant qu’elle est le produit nécessairement a posteriori de la réception, cette étude propose de chercher dans les textes des marques de généricité comme des indices actifs de la variation générique. Deux poèmes de Théocrite (idylles 13 et 24) sont pris comme exemples de cette généricité en construction : le nouveau récit épique que nous appelons epyllion y apparaît comme une parenthèse proposée dans la tradition épique traditionnelle pour une expérimentation poétique décisive.
Architettura e stile metrico dell’epillio Megara (Ps.-Mosch. IV)
Authors: Cerbo Ester
Published: June 2016

Si propone un’ipotesi di articolazione strutturale dell’epillio anonimo Megara, un accorato dialogo tra Megara e Alcmena, rispettivamente moglie e madre di Eracle, in cui le donne lamentano la propria condizione: dapprima Megara, disperata per l’uccisione dei figli a causa dell’attacco di follia di Eracle, poi Alcmena, agitata da un sogno che prefigura il destino doloroso dell’eroe. Le unità tematiche o pericopi individuate definiscono la studiata architettura del componimento; tale articolazione consente di evidenziare sia la strategia comunicativa attribuita alle due protagoniste sia la loro caratterizzazione. Significativo rilievo viene conferito all’analisi degli schemi metrici in cui sono realizzati gli esametri del componimento; lo stile metrico risulta tendenzialmente affine a quello dei poeti alessandrini, ma evidenzia anche alcuni aspetti originali.
Osservazioni su ep. adesp. 4 Powell: «Epyllium incerti argumenti»
Authors: Dettori Emanuele
Published: June 2016

Il presente contributo affronta in prima battuta una serie di problemi che riguardano genere, cronologia e stile del componimento anonimo conservato dal POxy 1794, per poi dedicargli un commentario “perpetuo”. Ne viene fuori un esempio di composizione non sprovveduta, ma con diversi tratti epigonali
Euphorion et l´Hécalé de Callimaque : Mythèmes et structure narrative d´un epyllion fragmentaire (« res Atticae ») (I)
Authors: Clua Serena Josep Antoni
Published: June 2016

Dans cet article nous envisageons des points de rencontre possibles entre l´Hécalé de Callimaque et les « res Atticae » d’Euphorion (dans ses poèmes les Arai ou la Mopsopie), et comment le poète de Chalcis se réapproprie un intérêt pour l’Attique de Callimaque dans son poème fragmentaire Hécalé. Mais nous montrons aussi comment Euphorion, pour la construction de son poème, a utilisé des mots comme κελέβη, parmi d’autres, qui sont cités aussi par Callimaque dans son epyllion.
Sentiments d’efficacité personnelle et dynamique capacitaire dans les choix d’orientation atypique
Authors: Faurie Isabelle , Costalat-Founeau Anne-Marie
Published: June 2016

Basée sur la théorie sociale cognitive de l’orientation scolaire et professionnelle (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994, 2000) et le modèle capacitaire (Costalat-Founeau, 1999, 2008), l’étude se centre sur le rôle des sentiments d’efficacité personnelle (Bandura, 1977, 2003) et de leur dynamique dans le choix d’orientation atypique. Une analyse via Alceste de 11 entretiens semi-directifs de femmes insérées dans des métiers dits masculins a mis en évidence 4 classes de discours selon les significations que prend ce choix d’orientation atypique. Ces résultats sont discutés du point de vue des retombées théoriques et pratiques qu’ils soulèvent.
L’intrusion de Google dans la vie privée, au cœur des mutations du capitalisme
Authors: George Éric
Published: June 2016

Google est devenue en quelques années une entreprise majeure des industries de la culture, de l’information et de la communication à une échelle internationale. Dans ce texte, nous proposons de mettre l’accent sur la dimension intrusive des stratégies de développement de l’entreprise. Pour ce faire, nous étudierons ces stratégies dans un premier temps et nous verrons quelles oppositions celles-ci ont suscité de la part de composantes de la « société civile ». Ce sera alors l’occasion de constater que les critiques ne visent pas à contester le modèle même de développement de Google. Nous verrons justement dans un deuxième temps combien la dimension intrusive des stratégies de Google témoigne des nouvelles formes prises par le capitalisme.
Informatique et travail social : quand les textes mettent les ordinateurs à l’épreuve
Authors: Carton Eric
Published: June 2016

A partir d’un exemple professionnel en prévention spécialisée, Eric Carton présente à la fois l’utilisation possible de l’outil informatique et donc d’éventuels fichiers, mais aussi les limites de cet outil. Si l’informatique peut rendre de nombreux services et faciliter le travail des éducateurs, elle devient vite une contrainte, une source de risques. Si son utilisation est nécessaire, il convient d’insister sur ses limites tant par rapport à l’usager qu’aux salariés. Divers textes de lois présentés ici complètent la définition des limites à ne pas dépasser.
Le syndrome de la forteresse assiégée
Authors: Lavenue Jean-Jacques
Published: June 2016

Au-delà de l’omnisurveillance, et d’une certaine façon l’expliquant, le deuxième élément de la symbolique de l’Œil de Sauron est celui de la forteresse assiégée ; celle de la défense et de la crainte qui justifient, quel qu’en soit le prix pour les autres, la nécessité de savoir pour prévoir et anticiper. Ce prix, à l’extrême, serait alors la fin de l’État de droit par abandon de la présomption d’innocence au profit d’une présomption de dangerosité ou d’anormalité sociale. Toutes consignées, en l’espèce, dans des fichiers de sécurité.
Possibilities, Impediments, and Challenges for Network Security in Big Data
Authors: Dwivedi Anuj Kumar , Vyas O. P.
Published: June 2016

With the time, Big Data became the core competitive factor for enterprises to develop and grow. Some enterprises such as, information industrial enterprises will put more focus on the technology or product innovation for solving the challenges of big data, i.e., capture, storage, analysis and application. Enterprises like, manufacturing, banking and other enterprises will also benefit from analysis and manage big data, and be provided more opportunities for management innovation, strategy innovation or marketing innovation. High performance network capacity provides the backbone for high end computing systems. These high end computing systems plays vital role in Big Data. Persistent and Sophisticated targeted network attacks have challenged today's enterprise security teams. By exploring each aspect of high performance network capacity, the major objective of this book chapter is to present fundamental theoretical aspects in analytical way with deep focus on possibilities, impediments and challenges for network security in Big Data.
Using Big Data to Improve the Educational Infrastructure and Learning Paradigm
Authors: Meghji Areej Fatemah , Mahoto Naeem A.
Published: June 2016

In higher education, the demand for improved information in relation to educational and learning outcomes is greater than ever before. Leveraging technology, new models of education have emerged that are not only improving modes of lecture delivery and information retention, but also generating huge amounts of data. This data is potentially a gold mine that needs to be explored to uncover patterns associated with student behavior and how information is processed, retained and used by the students. This chapter proposes a generic model that uses the techniques of educational data mining to explore and analyze Big Data being generated by the education sector. This chapter also examines the various questions that can be answered using educational data mining methods and how the discovered patterns can be used to enrich the learning experience of a student as well as help teachers make pedagogical decisions.
Private Label Management
Authors: Molinillo Sebastian , Ekinci Yuksel , Whyatt Georgina , Occhiocupo Nicoletta , Stone Merlin
Published: June 2016

The aim of this paper is to review empirical and theoretical academic research about Private Label products (PLs) and to suggest directions for future research. The review focuses on the period of greatest scientific output (2000-2014) and consults all the international publications on marketing ranked by the Academic Journal Quality Guide. This work has yielded a large selection of articles (270) on PL. The paper's summary of PL research permit a better understanding of the nature of PL and suggests themes for future research. Emerging areas of research were found to be: consumer perceptions of PL and their related behaviour; price and price promotion; channel relationships and quality; with innovation, segmentation and shelf space the least frequently studied. Most studies used analysed consumer data to focus on the grocery sector data. Finally, the study identifies gaps (such as the lack of focus on private label services) and suggests directions for future PL research.
Attitude toward Private Label Brands
Authors: Gómez-Suárez Mónica , Martínez-Ruiz María Pilar
Published: June 2016

The primary aim of this study was to identify the determinants of attitude toward Private Labels (PLs) in Spain in one of the most important industries for such brands: the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry. To this end, a conceptual model was proposed based on a review of the relevant literature in the field. To test the model, a database was compiled consisting of 626 consumers who had purchased FMCGs. These data were then analyzed using a structural equation model, which corroborated the association between the following variables: smart shopping, promotion proneness, value consciousness, and the perceived quality of PLs based on their extrinsic and intrinsic attributes. These results emphasize the need that grocery retailers pay special attention to the psychological bonds PLs are able to develop in consumer minds, aside to traditional variables related to their economic value benefits. In light of these findings, a number of implications for PL management are proposed.
Private Labels at the Service of Retailers' Image and Competitive Positioning
Authors: Martínez-Ruiz María Pilar , González-González Ines , Jiménez-Zarco Ana Isabel , Izquierdo-Yusta Alicia
Published: June 2016

Since their introduction decades ago by retail companies, private labels have passed through several stages of market penetration and customer acceptance. For retailers, private labels have become valuable instruments for image creation and competitive positioning. They also have been a key factor in facilitating internationalization and the decision to expand to other countries. This chapter traces the evolution of private labels, from their origin to the present, placing emphasis on the strategies that retail distributors use to obtain and maintain competitive positions. As an illustration, the authors examine the case of the Tesco grocery retail chain, following it from its establishment in the United Kingdom to its most recent expansion into South Korea. The case demonstrates the role of private labels in the company´s evolution and international expansion and thus reveals the strategies followed in developed versus developing markets. Deep knowledge of customers, enables companies to obtain a lead position in markets and build an image associated with innovation and added value.
Spanish Food Private Labels
Authors: Marañón Rafael , Gallo María Puelles
Published: June 2016

Although they were devised as a low price positioning choice for consumers concerned by food products prices, recently most private labels have developed a specific differential positioning, some of them priming quality, some priming other non-price related factors. A few of these factors can be best related to certain brands. However, the majority of the Spanish food brands still have some shared attributes which, when concurring, can be used as predictors of PL purchasing. Based on the research data from a survey, the authors reconstruct what happened with PL from the years before the recession to the present time. The influence of the crisis on the private label positioning is also examined.
Managing In-Store Stimuli for Different Private Label Tiers
Authors: Garrido-Morgado Álvaro , González-Benito Óscar , Martos-Partal Mercedes
Published: June 2016

This chapter aims to be the starting point to encourage the study of how retailer may improve the private labels performance within the store. In this line, authors present an analysis of the use of the two more common in-store stimuli –price promotions and displays- by explaining the advantages and disadvantages that their use has on different private labels tiers (economy private labels and standard private labels) in comparison with national brands. Then, authors use data of eighteen product categories during a full year from one top ten retailer in the food sector to check if retailers follow the expected use of promotions and displays on private labels. Finally, recommendations and conclusions about how retailers may optimize the use of analyzed in-store stimuli are presented.
Assortment Size and PL Penetration in Grocery Retailers' Portfolios during Economic Crisis
Authors: Ruiz-Real José Luis , Gázquez-Abad Juan Carlos , Martínez-López Francisco J.
Published: June 2016

The economic crisis in Spain has had a major impact on the evolution of retail assortments in food base. On the one hand, it has caused alterations in assorted sizes, as well as in the distribution between NB and PL. On the other hand, it has changed the buying behaviour of consumers seeking brands that offer confidence, but at very competitive prices. The purpose of this chapter is to answer the following questions: How has the economic crisis changed the assortment size in different categories of products in Spanish groceries? In which way has the assortment composition of retailers been altered? Do all the retail formats have the same behaviour in assortment management and PL? The authors argue that there has been an increase in the average size of assortment for all the product categories with the exception of products of fill-ins, and the only two retail formats that have increased the weight of the PL in their assortments are large and medium-sized supermarkets.