bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pragmatic Study of Implicature in Iraqiʼs Election Propaganda Posters
Authors: Akram Mohammed Rashid Researcher , Khalida Hashoosh Addai Al-Ghezzey Asst. Prof.
Published: January 2023

The current study aims to explore the phenomena of election propaganda posters. A political slogan is viewed as one of the most important ways for political parties and candidates to communicate with voters, particularly when a party identification is declining. Political advertising in Iraq began with the use of posters, flyers, and other printed materials. The present study sheds light on how candidates and political parties in Iraq communicate with their audiences. Also, it tries to answer the research question, that is, is there implicature utilized in the Iraqi election propaganda posters. It studies Iraqi election propaganda posters from a pragmatic point of view and takes Griceʼs theory (1975) of implicature as a model for data analysis. The data concerning the candidates have been chosen from different Iraqi provinces to investigate those electoral campaigns pragmatically. Furthermore, this study deals with various aspects in terms of the utterances used for the purpose of influencing the voterʼs decision for the right candidate. The current study concludes that the candidates use implicature in their electoral campaigns in which they utilize a unique style in the matter of influencing the votersʼ choice.
اتجاه طلبة كلية علوم الحاسوب وتكنولوجيا المعلومات نحو الاختبارات الالكترونية وعلاقته بالتحصيل الدراسي
Authors: عباس هادي عبد السيد الموسوي الباحث
Published: January 2023

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى:
- اتجاه طلبة كلية علوم الحاسوب وتكنولوجيا المعلومات نحو الاختبارات الالكترونية وعلاقته بالتحصيل الدراسي.
- التعرف على مفهوم الاختبارات الالكترونية وانواعها, وخصائصها, والسلبيات, والايجابيات ,لهذه الاختبارات.
اعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي, الذي  يتناول دراسة الاحداث والظواهر والمتغيرات والممارسات  كما هي أذ يتعامل معها بالوصف والتحليل دون التدخل الذاتي فيها, تحدد مجتمع البحث من (236) طالباً وطالبة, بواقع (116) طالباً وطالبة من قسم البرمجيات – المرحلة الثانية, و(120) طالباً وطالبة من قسم الحاسوب – المرحلة الأولى, لكلية علوم الحاسوب وتكنولوجيا المعلومات, للعام الدراسي2021- 2022, شملت عينة البحث (149) طالباً وطالبة بواقع (92) طالباً وطالبة من قسم البرمجيات, و(57) طالباً وطالبة من قسم الحاسوب مقسمين حسب الجنس إلى (68) ذكوراً, و(81) أناثاً, صمم الباحث اختبار تطبيقي يتضمن مجموعة من الاختبارات المعرفية وعددها ثلاث اختبارات من اعداد الباحث, لقياس التحصيل الدراسي للطلبة, صمم الباحث استبيان للتعرف على اتجاه الطلبة نحو الاختبارات الالكترونية, وتكون الاستبيان بصيغته النهائية من (22) فقرة, عمد الباحث لاستخراج قيمة معامل الاستقرار من خلال استخراج قيمة معامل الفا لكرونباخ والتي بلغت قيمتها (0.77)   وبذلك تعد القيمة مقبولة لكونها جاءت اعلى من (0.69) اعتبر المقياس ثابت بفقراته الــ (22),بعد تصميم الاستبيان في صيغته النهائية ,وحولها الباحث إلى نسخة الكترونية, وتم ارسالها عن طريق وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي (التلكرام) والبالغ عددها (149) استبيان, استخرج الباحث المؤشرات الاحصائية للاستبيان من خلال استخدام الحقيبة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS),في تحليل البيانات والحصول على النتائج النهائية, وقد اقتضت النتائج إلى بعض التوصيات والمقترحات المستقبلية. .
الضغوط الحياتية وعلاقتها بالتكيف الاجتماعي بحث ميداني لدى العمال السوريين في مدينة اربيل
Authors: محمود مصطفى قادر الباحث , صباح احمد النجار أ.د.
Published: January 2023

يتناول هذا البحث الضغوط الحياتية وعلاقتها بالتكيف الاجتماعي لدى العمال السوريين العاملين في مدينة أربيل\ العراق، وقد تحددت مشكلة البحث بمتغير مستقل تمثل في( الضغوط الحياتية) التي انقسمت الى خمسة محاور أساسية ، ومتغير معتمد (التكيف الاجتماعي) التي انقسمت الى أربعة أبعاد أساسية، وتمت صياغتها في أربعة أهداف، وهي: التعرف على الضغوطات التي يتعرض لها العمال وذلك بحسب متغيرات البحث: الجنس، المؤهلات العلمية، العمر، نوعية السكن، الحالة الاجتماعية، الدخل الشهري، عدد ساعات العمل، اوقات العمل، مكان العمل، والتعرف على نوعية الضغوط الحياتية التي تتعرض لها العمال، والتعرف على علاقة محاور الضغوط الحياتية بأبعاد التكيف الاجتماعي ، والتعرف على العلاقة بين الضغوط الحياتية و التكيف الاجتماعي لدى عمال السوريين، وحددت حجم العينة ب(377)من العمال السورين ومقسمة كالتالي: صناعة كسنزان(76)، مطاعم(71)، هيمن كروب(42)، مولات(101) ، صناعة الجنوبية(41)، صناعة الشمالية(46). وتم معالجة البيانات باستخدام الحقيبة الإحصائية(SPSS )، وجاءت بعض نتائج البحث كالاتي: بأن الذكور يتعرضون للضغوط اكثر من الإناث وذلك من خلال نوعية عملهم. وأن اصحاب الشهادات يتعرضون لضغوط أكثر من الاميين، لأن أصحاب الشهادات كانوا موظفين في سوريا وبعد لجؤهم أصبحوا يعملون في مجال الانشاءات لتأمين مستلزمات عائلتهم. وأن أغلبية العمال يعانون من الأشراف السيئ في عملهم، أي أن مشرفهم في العمل يخصم منهم عند أي خطأ او أي خلل يحدث معهم في العمل، واحياناً يجبرهم بعمل لساعات إضافية بدون أجر. وأن هناك علاقة معنوية بين الضغوط الحياتية والتكيف الاجتماعية اذ أنه كلما ازداد الضغوط عند أفراد البحث انخفض معه التكيف، وكلما انخفضت الضغوط ازداد نسبة التكيف الاجتماعي لدى أفراد البحث.
الامراض المزمنة (السكري ) وانعكاساته الاجتماعية على المريض واسرته دراسة ميدانية في مستشفيات بغداد
Authors: رجاء جبار داود السوداني الباحثة
Published: January 2023

الامراض المزمنة هذا ما يطلق على المرض  (السكري) الذي انتشر بشكل خطير وكبير في المجتمع في الاونة الاخيرة ، وهو يلازم الانسان المصاب به طول فترة حياته ولا يمكن العلاجه بسهولة الا بأخذ حقنة الانسولين مع الحمية الغذائية للحد من مضاعفات هذا المرض . وفي بعض الحالات قد تتحسن حالة المصاب وبالاخص الاطفال الذين يصابون بمرض السكري في سن مبكر وعدم وجود الاستعداد الوراثية . يحدث مرض السكري بسبب خلل في وظائف الجسم كخلل في عضو البنكرياس المسؤول عن افراز الانسولين في الجسم . و يرجع للاسباب عديدة ومنها وراثي اي ان هناك استعداد وراثي لاصابة بالسكري ،او خلل وظيفي  في البنكرياس واضطراب افراز هرمون الانسولين . هذا المرض الذي له مضاعفات شديدة على المصاب ومنها العطش الشديد ،والم في المفاصل ،وتشوش الرؤية . ويحتاج المصاب بهذا المرض الى رعاية واهتمام خاص في تناوله الطعام واعطاءه علاج ومتابعة نسبة السكر في الدم من قبل احد افراد الاسرة والطبيب المختص  بهذا المرض .
الكلمات المفتاحية : مرض السكري ، هرمون الانسولين، الانعكاسات الاجتماعية.
وكان هدف البحث التعرف على الامراض المزمنة ومنها(مرض السكري)، والتعرف على اهمية انعكاساته الاجتماعية والنفسية والصحية والاقتصادية ، وتم استعمال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ، تم اخذ عينة قصدية بلغ عدد المبحوثين (50) مبحوث تم توزيع استمارة الاستبانة على المبحوثين وكان اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث :
ان اغلب المصابين من الذكور بنسبة 74% من مجموع المبحوثين ، اما نسبة الاناث 26% وهذا يدل على ان الامراض المزمنة يصاب بها كلا الجنسين من الاناث والذكور على حد سواء .
توصلت الدراسة ان اغلب المصابين من الفئة العمرية (42-51) سنة بنسبة 24% ، اما الفئة العمرية (51-فما فوق) سنة بنسبة 22% وهذا يدل على ان هذه الفئات اكثر اصابة بالامراض المزمنة ومنها مرض السكري .
بينت الدراسة ان المستوى التعليمي للمبحوثين بنسبة 34% يقرأ ويكتب، اما نسبة20% دبلوم ، وهذا يدل على  ان المستوى التعليمي للمبحوثين يقراون ويكتبون .
Chinese Migration to Britain and the Impact of the Cultural identity on the British East Asian Theatr
Authors: Hala Mohammed Ali Ashoor Researcher , Mayada Zuhair Alkhafaji Asst. Prof
Published: January 2023

Cultural identification has a long history that dates back to colonial times. As globalization increased the frequency of cross-national encounters during the 1950s, researchers became more concerned with the question of cultural identity. Globalization had a significant influence on third-world culture in the late 1990s, therefore most researchers paid increasing attention to the question of national culture and national identity. The topic of cultural identity first arose in Britain in the nineteenth century. As a colonist, Britain improved its native culture, while weakening its foreign culture. The emphasis on British national pride in education for all countries distinguishes between internal and exterior cultures. According to Liu (2021), the issue of accepting mainstream culture while rejecting alien culture has entered the ambit of British cultural identity inquiry due to the increase of Chinese immigration to Britain. The history of the Chinese in Britain, the waves of immigration, their identity transitions over time, and numerous related subjects, including the economic and social position of the Chinese in Britain, have affected the new Chinese identity as being exposed in the British East Asian Theatre (BEAs). The aim of this study is to link the development of the British East Asian Theatre with the impact of the changes that happened to the cultural identity of the Chinese migrants in Britain throughout history since the 1880s. The researchers conclude that the various generations of Chinese migration to Britain from the early nineteenth century to the present have gone through many cultural changes. These changes affected their Chinese identity and resulted in a cultural conflict in terms of acculturation and loss of heritage. This is what the British East Asian playwrights try to expose in their theater.
الحياة الاجتماعية ومستوى المعيشة للمجتمع اليمني من خلال كتابات المؤرخين البلدانيين في العصر العباسي(132-656ه/750-1258م)
Authors: عثمان محمد حسين الطريمشي م. د
Published: January 2023

احتفظت اليمن بمكانتها المرموقة في الدولة العربية الإسلامية من النواحي السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية ، وتعد المظاهر الاجتماعية في اليمن من المواضيع المهمة كونها تطلع القارئ الباحث على حد سواء على الحياة السائدة في اليمن في العصر العباسي كالأعياد والمواسم والملابس وكذلك المنازل بالإضافة إلى العادات السائدة في اليمن ، والتي لا تكاد تختلف كثيراً عن قريناتها في باقي المدن الإسلامية الأخرى ، اما المستوى المعاشي لأهل اليمن فهو في الغالب جيد ، لان اليمن مطلة على المحيط الهندي والبحر العربي ، لذا أتاح لها هذا الموقع سهولة الاتصال ببلدان العالم الأخرى ، خصوصاً الهند والصين ، والتي كانت من أهم المراكز التجارية ، وكان لهذا الاتصال نتائج ايجابية على اليمن ، من خلال قيامها بالتجارة او ان تكون الواسطة في التبادل التجاري ، ومن المعلوم ان رواج التجارة والأعمال المرتبطة بها يؤدي إلى نمو مطرد بالدخل العام للدولة وكذلك الدخل الخاص للفرد، وهذا له تأثير على كافة المظاهر الاجتماعية في اليمن ، وحفلت المصادر التاريخية بإشارات عن ذلك ، وكانت للمؤرخين البلدانيين نصيبٌ منها إلا أنها قليلة جداً ومبعثرة ، وقد تطلب جهداً في البحث والتقصي لجمعها لإتمام هذا البحث .
الكلمات المفتاحية : العصر العباسي – اليمن - الأحوال الاجتماعية - التجارة  – المنازل – العادات والتقاليد – مستوى المعيشة
اسلوب المفارقة في مناظرات الائمة المعصومين (عليهم السلام)
Authors: تهاني علوان كطان م . م
Published: January 2023

تمثل المفارقة أحد منابع الإبداع الإسلوبي والتي توضح الدّلالة ومفرداتها بالصّورة المباشرة أو الايحائية سواء كانت باللفظ أو الصدمة أو الإنكار ، مما تشكل صدمة أو كسر آفق للمتلقي . يلعب أسلوب المبدع الدور الأساس في إبرازها من خلال قدرته البلاغية والكلامية وسرعة إلتقاطه للمعلومة ولاشك أنّ الإئمة المعصومين (عليهم السلام) لايضاهيهم أحد والذي يتصدرهم سيد البلغاء – الإمام علي (عليه السلام) – ولعل الكتب والأطاريح كتبت ولأزالت تكتب في بلاغتهم .. إلا إنّنا في هذا البحث سلّطنا الضوء على المفارقة الإسلوبية في مناظراتهم ، بغية لبيان الإبداع وقوة الحجّة على الخصم – المناظر – وروعة الطرح والتأثير . وقد تناول بحث المفارقة جوانباً منها :

مفارقة الصّدمة

مفارقة اللفظ

مفارقة السياق

مفارقة الإنكار
دراسة نقدية حول الترجمة العربية للثلث الاول من رواية "بيت الارواح"
Authors: خليل عوين فرحان الباحث
Published: January 2023

حاولنا, في هذا البحث القيام بعمل مراجعة نقدية وتقييم للثلث الأول من الترجمة العربية لرواية بيت الارواح والتي تعد اول عمل روائي ومن الروائع الادبية للكاتبة التشيلية المعاصرة إيزابيل أليندي, تكفلت دار النشر بلازا يانيس بنشر هذا العمل عام (1982) وترجمه الطبيب والسياسي السوري سامي الجندي. وتكفلت دار الجندي للنشر (1998) بنشر ترجمة الرواية.
الانسجام النَّصّي ومعطيات السِّياق
Authors: عباس اسماعيل سيلان الغراوي أ. م. د
Published: January 2023

جسّدت الدّراسات الألسنية بصورة عامة والنَّصّيّة بصورة خاصّة أمثلة رائعة للدّراسات اللغويّة التي تعمل على تحقيق التّواصل وإدراك المقصد ، وقد تعاضدت أسسها في بثّ الرّوح الفعالة في الدّرس اللغويّ ، فصار الكشف عن وظائف النَّصّ متقدمًا على أدوات صناعته الشكلية والجماليّة ، على أن هذا لا ينفي فضلًا لمتقدمين ولا يقلل شأنًا لما مضى من جهود مباركة ، بل انّ هذا البحث قائم على فكرة الانتهال من وهج السابق وألق الحاضر ، ولكنه يدعم القول : إنّ الدراسات المعاصرة اصبحت أكثر تقنينًا بسبب ما فرضته عليها المناهج المعاصرة والتّطور الحاصل بسبب النّظرة العلمية لكثير من القضايا الإنسانيّة .
    ويعد الانسجام النَّصّي مبدأ بارزًا في الكشف عن تماسك النَّصّ ومدى تحقّق قبوله عند المتلقي، فإذا ما نُظِر اليه بلحاظ السِّياق كان هذا أدعى للكشف عن خبايا النَّصّ ، ومن هنا كان هذا البحث (الانسجام النَّصّي ومعطيات السِّياق).
دور الديانات والتعصبات القبلية لعدم قبول الاسلام في المغرب خلال الفتوحات الاسلامية
Authors: محمد صباح محمد الزهيري الباحث , حميد رضا مطهري د.
Published: January 2023

ان معظم الدراسات الي اختصت في الفتوحات الإسلامية في المشرق و المغرب بوجه خاص تناولت الجانب الايجابي من هذه الفتوحات وهذه من الطبيعي لان الغاية الرئيسية من الفتوحات هي نشر الإسلام.  ولكن عدم التعقيب على بعض الامور التي كن لها دوراً فعالاً في عدم انتشار الاسلام في المغرب فهنالك امور لا ترتبط بالجانب العسكري بل هي مجموعة من الاسباب التي تم رصدها وعرضها في هذا البحث.  فكان للديانات الموجود في المغرب دوراً بارزاً في عدم قبول الاسلام بما فيها الديانات السماوية مثل المسيحية واليهودية والديانات الوثنية حيث كانت هذه العبادات ترفض اي فكرة للتغير وتحارب الدين الجديد الذي دخل بلاد المغرب.كان دور الديانة المسحية واضحاً بشكل ملحوظ من خلال الحملات العسكرية المغلفة بالغطاء الديني حيث كانت هذه الحملات يقودها البطريق المسيحي . وكذلك الديانات الوثنية اضف الى ذلك دور التعصبات القبلية في عدم قبول الاسلام فالبربر يرفضون اي فكرة تغير فتم الالتفاف حول بعض الزعامات القبلية للبربر امثال كسيلة بن لمزم الذي تمكن من قتل عقبة ابن نافع والجيش الذي معه .ومن بعد مقتل كسيلة ظهرت شخصية قبلية تتمثل بالكاهنة التي التف حولها جموع البربر وسيطرت على المغرب لفترة من الزمن  . اثبت هذه الدراسة ان اسباب عدم قبول الاسلام ليس البربر الذين يرفضون فكرة التغير بل توصلت الى مجموعة من الاسباب هي التي ادت الى طول الفترة التاريخية التي استغرقها المغرب حتى تم نشر الاسلام في تلك المنطقة.
Preventing malaria in pregnancy: knowledge and practices of pregnant women in an urban hospital in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Aboagye Daniel Danso , Newton Sam
Published: January 2023

Background: Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is a public health concern in Ghana. The current national control program seeks to have 85% of pregnant women sleeping under insecticide treated nets (ITNs). It also seeks to achieve 100% intake of at least 2 doses of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP). In order to achieve these aims, it is important that pregnant women have good knowledge of malaria and subscribe to good preventive practices. This cross-sectional study sought to evaluate the knowledge and practices on malaria prevention among pregnant women in an urban setting of Ghana. Methods: This was a hospital-based study which involved 185 pregnant women visiting an urban hospital for antenatal care in Kumasi, Ghana. Data was collected via structured interviewer administered questionnaires. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to assess the participants’ knowledge and practices on malaria prevention. Results: The women demonstrated good knowledge of MiP, with 76% of them having an excellent knowledge score. Familiarity with ITNs (99.5%) was higher than IPTp-SP (86.5%). There was a statistically significant association between tertiary education and high total knowledge score (X2 =31.912, df = 18, p = 0.023).  ITN usage was poor (55.1%), with common challenges being difficulty in hanging nets, nets being deemed too hot, and unpleasant smell of the nets. 66.5% of the women had taken at least 2 SP doses. Conclusion:  Although there was good knowledge, ITN use and SP coverage were below national targets. More studies should be conducted to explore the factors underlying poor ITN use and SP intake.
A robust AI Agent-based approach to tackle and prevent Money Laundering
Authors: Wang Qi
Published: January 2023

The huge amount of bank operations that occur every daymakes it extremely hard for financial institutions to spot malicious moneylaundering related operations. Although some predefined heuristics areused they aren’t restrictive enough, still leaving to much work for humananalyzers. This motivates the need for intelligent systems that can helpfinancial institutions fight money laundering in a diversity of ways, suchas: intelligent filtering of bank operations, intelligent analysis of suspicious operations, learning of new detection and analysis rules. In thispaper, we present a multiagent based approach to deal with the problem of money laundering by defining a multiagent system designed tohelp financial institutions in this task, helping them to deal with twomain problems: volume and rule improvement. We define the agent architecture, and characterize the different types of agents, considering thedistinct roles they play in the process.
KEMULIAAN TUHAN DAN KASIH SETIANYA KEPADA KITA
Authors: HARAHAP RAMLI
Published: January 2023

Pada Ibadah Tahun Baru 2023 ini kita akan menekankan tema kotbah pada “Kemuliaan TUHAN dan Kasih Setia-Nya kepada Kita”. Kemuliaan Tuhan dalam Mazmur 8 ini terlihat ketika Daud kagum akan kemuliaan Sang Pencipta. Ke mana pun dia memandang, Raja Daud dapat melihat Kemuliaan Tuhan terwujud di sekelilingnya. Kemuliaan Tuhan melingkupi kita, dan semua ciptaan memuji Dia. Dalam pelajaran ini, kita akan melihat bagaimana kemuliaan Allah dinyatakan di tengah-tengah kita. Mengapa kemuliaan TUHAN adalah hal yang perlu kita renungkan dan perlu kita kenali pada awal Tahun Baru ini? Mengapa segala sesuatu dalam kehidupan kita harus memuliakan TUHAN? Apakah TUHAN adalah TUHAN yang narsis? Tentu tidak bukan.
Confidence response times: Challenging post-decisional models of confidence
Authors: Chen Sixing , Rahnev Dobromir
Published: January 2023

Even though the nature of confidence computations has been the topic of intense interest, little attention has been paid to what confidence response times (cRT) reveal about the underlying confidence computations. Several previous studies found cRTs to be negatively correlated with confidence in the group as a whole and consequently hypothesized the existence of an intrinsic relationship of cRT with confidence for all subjects. This hypothesis was further used to support post-decisional models of confidence that predict that cRT and confidence should always be negatively correlated. Here we test the alternative hypothesis that cRT is driven by the frequency of confidence responses such that the most frequent confidence ratings are inherently made faster regardless of whether they are high or low. We examined cRTs in three large datasets from the Confidence Database and found that the lowest cRTs occurred for the most frequent confidence rating. In other words, subjects who gave high confidence ratings most frequently had negative confidence-cRT relationships, whereas subjects who gave low confidence ratings most frequently had positive confidence-cRT relationships. In addition, we found a strong across-subject correlation between RT and cRT, suggesting that response speed for both the decision and the confidence rating is influenced by a common factor. Our results show that cRT is not intrinsically linked to confidence, and strongly challenge several post-decisional models of confidence.
Financial Exploitation of Older Adults in the United States: A Pre-COVID-19 Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Larrison Christopher , Sinha Gaurav R. , Andres Mathew , Velez-Ortiz Daniel
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and Objectives: The present study is a systematic scoping review to determine the extent and nature of the peer-reviewed research concerning financial exploitation of older adults in the United States (U.S.). The rising population of older adults means financial exploitation is a major challenge that will grow in the future. Recent estimates suggest that older adults already lose billions of dollars in personal wealth every year.Research Design and Methods: The review was structured by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMAP). Five academic databases - Web of Science, EBSCO, PyscINFO, Social Services Abstracts, and PubMed - as well as Google Scholar were searched using variations of the phrases “financial exploitation AND older adults”.Results: Fifty-two peer-reviewed papers were identified and categorized into nine subject areas: (1) profiles of older adults who experienced financial exploitation, (2) measuring financial exploitation, (3) profiles of perpetrators, (4) impacts of financial exploitation, (5) prevalence estimates, (6) racial, ethnic, and cultural differences, (7) conceptual models and frameworks, (8) stakeholders’ perceptions, and (9) legal and non-legal services.Discussion and Implications: The review found a limited number of peer-reviewed papers focused on financial exploitation of older adults (n=52), which were spread across a large number of subject areas (n=9). Yet critical gaps remained in the literature, including a lack of research about the effectiveness of legal and non-legal services, the potential role of systemic racism, and financial exploitation via technology.
What is Supportive Parenting?: Perspectives from Chinese Immigrant Caregivers with Low-Income Status Living in the Greater Boston Area
Authors: Zhang Xian , Liu Jiayi , Sopper Carolina , Wang Ja-Hon , Yau Yoyo , Scott Judith C
Published: January 2023

Chinese immigrant families are the fastest growing immigrant population in the U.S. Yet, research on Chinese immigrant parenting is limited, mostly focusing on stereotypes such as the model minority myth and tiger parenting. Little is known about how Chinese immigrant caregivers (i.e., parents and grandparents), especially those with low socioeconomic status (SES), define and engage in supportive parenting. Drawing upon Crenshaw’s (1990) intersectionality model and Darling and Steinberg’s (1993) integrative parenting model, this phenomenological qualitative study investigated supportive parenting among Chinese immigrant caregivers with low SES. Twenty-four Chinese immigrant caregivers with low SES and children between the ages of 2 -12 from the Greater Boston area participated focus groups. The focus groups aimed to identify parenting goals, values and practices influenced by different cultural contexts. Supportive parenting goals, values, and practices – both culturally specific and multicultural – were identified and varied among Chinese immigrant caregivers. The findings have implications for researchers, parenting programs, and family service providers serving Chinese immigrant caregivers.
A PROPOSAL FOR A MORATORIUM ON THE USE OF PERSONAL GENETIC INFORMATION IN EDUCATION
Authors: Joyce Eric Stuart
Published: January 2023

Some geneticists propose the design of education around universal DNA and IQ tests. This has attracted growing scholarly and government interest. Some early educational initiatives using personal DNA are already underway and many scholars, including some critical, claim much wider application is inevitable. However, orthodoxies within genetics around race and cognitive ability present racial risk unexpressed in the literature. In addition, authors sometimes described collectively as ‘the hereditarian left’ seek actively to veil this risk through linguistic sophistry. In order to avoid racial harm and to protect wider genetics research, policymakers and education professionals should consider a formal moratorium on the use of personal genetics information in education.
Cuidar de quem cuida: promoção da Vacinação nos Profissionais de Saúde, em Saúde Ocupacional
Authors: Pastrana Sérgio , Serra Isaura
Published: January 2023

Introduction The current context caused by the COVID-19 pandemic highlights more sharply the importance of vaccination and the National Vaccination Program, whose compliance by health professionals is essential for prevention in the workplace. Goals To assess the knowledge of health professionals from a Group of Health Centers in the South of Portugal about the Occupational Health Service and the recommended vaccination for health professionals in Portugal. Methodology Descriptive, cross-sectional study, using a quantitative methodology, carried out in a convenience sampling process. The sample consisted of 176 health professionals in the context of Primary Health Care, from different professional groups, distributed across the 18 functional units of the same Group of Health Centers, of both sexes. The data obtained were analyzed using the computer program Microsoft Excel. Results A total of 176 individuals participated in the study, predominantly female (78.1%), prevailing the age group between 30 and 50 years (62.5%) and with a higher percentage of the academic degree of Licentiate (58.9%). The most represented professional group was Nursing (56.2%), followed by Operational Assistants (18,9%), Doctors (17,8%) and SuperiorTechnicians of Diagnostic and Therapeutic (5,3%). The analysis of the data obtained shows a reduced influence of the Occupational Health Service in a fundamental area such as the promotion of vaccination of health professionals. Of those that responded that they had received training and/or information, only 12.2% reported that this had happened in the context of Occupational Health. The results obtained also revealed a lack of knowledge about the recommended vaccination for health professionals in Portugal and the lack of training actions and vaccination campaigns for health professionals, in addition to the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analyzed data revealed levels of partial or compromised knowledge regarding the vaccination recommended for health professionals, despite the vast majority of (87%) claiming to know the recommended program. Conclusions The Group of Health Centers under study has a reduced number of human resources assigned to the Occupational Health Service. A lack of knowledge about the vaccination plan recommended by the General Directorate of Health for these professionals and a rate of adherence to vaccination below the recommended indicators was identified. Therefore, it is imperative to promote the Occupational Health Service and invest in this resource as a vector for promoting literacy, namely in relation to vaccination recommended for these professionals in Portugal. Keywords: Occupational Health, Vaccination, Health Professionals.
A study on prevalence of HIV and its associated risk factors in patients visiting tertiary care center of North India
Authors: Astha  , Arti Agrawal  , Ankita Soni  , Neetu Chauhan  , Priyanka Sahu  , Sanjeev Kumar
Published: January 2023

Background: India is home to the second largest population of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) with an estimated 5.134 million infections. HIV has infected >75 million people worldwide, with an estimated 37 million people now living with the virus making it the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. HIV is a significant public health problem with tremendous social and economic implications.
Aims and Objectives: Our primary aim is to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection and the associated risk factors of HIV infection.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of the patients who visited in integrated counseling and testing center (ICTC) and State Reference Laboratory at a tertiary care center of Agra, Uttar Pradesh from January 2017 to December 2021. The data are in accordance with NACO portal.
Results: The highest HIV seropositivity was observed in 35–49 years age group in both males and females in three consecutive years 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. HIV seropositivity in males decreased from 8.3% in 2017 to 4.9% in 2021 and in females from 6.0% to 4.6%. The most seropositives belong to married population (41.2%) and the least in divorced population (4.2%). Overall, housewives (20.7%) were maximally affected by HIV seropositivity, followed by skilled workers (15.8%) and unemployed/retired persons (15.7%). Uneducated population had maximum seropositivity rate (35.3%). Majority of HIV positives were heterosexual non-commercial partner (47.4%), while the homosexuals were the least (1.8%) affected.
Conclusion: This study highlights the most affected group of HIV seropositive population and their risk behavior. Thus, by making ICTC, more accessible to ramp up the focused screening and prevention efforts for the suspected HIV population and evolving the appropriate policies/strategies for public awareness program will help to reduce the spread of HIV infection among the masses.
Study on breakthrough infection and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination among COVID-19 patients visited ayush triage center attached to McGann district teaching hospital, Sims-Shvaimoga, Karnataka, India: A longitudinal and retrospective study
Authors: Anupama Kavalibasappla  , Kanchana Nagendra  , Prashanth Hebballi Lingaraj  , Raghavendraswamy Koppad  , Mandi Mageppa , Darshitha Rajanna  , Shashi Kiran Guttinadu Mallikarjunappa
Published: January 2023

Background: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) first came to China in December 2019 and had become a public health emergency. There was a sudden rise of COVID-19 cases and its deaths.
Aims and Objectives: This study intends to study the estimation of breakthrough infection among COVID-19 patients and to estimate the vaccination effectiveness among COVID-19 patients concerning the severity of the disease.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Mc Gann teaching hospital. The patients who were attending the Ayush Triage were included in the study. The sample size of 200 was estimated and the study was conducted for July 5–August 4, 2021, (1 month). A retrospective study design was planned and ethical board clearance was taken before starting the study. Patients were interviewed by telephone. The basic information such as contact number was collected by secondary data available in the triage center. Later details about Vaccination status and outcome of the disease were collected through telephonic interviews.
Results: Among 200 COVID-19 patients, 28.5% of the patients had taken vaccination. The breakthrough (COVID-19 patients who had taken both doses) infection rate was 10.5% among the people who had been diagnosed with the COVID-19 infection. Most breakthrough infections were mild. The majority of the 163 (81.50%) did not know the source of infection. The majority of the patients 143 (71.50%) were not vaccinated. After the COVID-19 infection, only around 12 (6%) patients were not recovered completely, that is, they had a history of death or hospitalization, and the remaining 188 (94%) patients were completely recovered.
Conclusion: Overall, one in every tenth individual after complete vaccination against COVID-19 infection had contracted the infection. Most of the breakthrough infections were mild and many of the subjects did not know the source of the infection.
Changing trends in microbiological profile in patients with active chronic suppurative otitis media in rural based tertiary care hospital
Authors: Bhaumik Debarati , Gayen Ganesh Chandra , Ray Ritam
Published: January 2023

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a major health issue in developing countries causing persistant problem and may lead to life-threatening complications. This major health issue and its complications can be best avoided by early and effective treatment based on the knowledge of causative micro-organisms and their antimicrobial sensitivity which ensures prompt clinical recovery.
Aims and Objectives: The aim is to study the recent microbiological pattern of patients with active CSOM and to determine the in vitro antibiotic sensitivity pattern in order to scientifically guide the patient management rather than trying emperical therapy alone.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Otorhinolaryngology and Microbiology Department of a Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, a tertiary care hospital in Burdwan from January 2019 to December 2020 and 117 clinically diagnosed cases of COM were included in this study after through history taking and meticulous clinical examination. Two Aural swabs were collected from the affected ear by an ENT specialist as outpatient department procedure, under strict aseptic precautions using sterile swabs, after cleaning external auditory canal with a spirit swab. In cases with bilateral disease, ear swabs were taken separately from both the ears. Pus swabs collected were immediately sent to microbiology department for aerobic culture and sensitivity as well as mycological study as per standard procedure.
Results: In the present study, the predominant organism which was isolated from the ear swabs of this region was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. P. aeruginosa showed maximum susceptibility to Colistin, Aztreonam, Piperacillin, and Tazobactum, Polymixin B in decreasing order and showed moderate sensitivity to Levofloxacin and Ceftazidime. Amikacin is found to be the most effective antibiotic against Proteus and Klebsiella spp. isolated from CSOM patients.
Conclusion: Knowledge of the local microorganism pattern and their antibiotic sensitivity is essential to allow effective and cost saving treatment to patients who will lead to reduction in morbidity and mortality.
Efficacy of tolvaptan in reduction of kidney cyst volume and restoration of kidney function in ADPKD in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Nandi Abhijit , Sarkar Sanjay , Mondal Seema , Saha Sarmishtha
Published: January 2023

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease. Despite improvements in blood pressure and conventional treatment, there seems not any significant impact on the need for renal replacement therapy in these cases. Inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway by tolvaptan was efficient in preclinical/animal studies and in clinical studies involving ADPKD patients; tolvaptan (vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist) has been recently released in the market to delay disease progression.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of tolvaptan in reduction of total kidney volume (TKV), total renal cyst volume, and decrease of progression of renal impairment and restoration of kidney function.
Materials and Methods: We have screened 60 cases, of whom 54 were assigned to either tolvaptan group (36) or placebo (18). Overall 36 cases completed the trial (24 from tolvaptan group and 12 cases from placebo group). Estimated GFR (glomerular filtration rate) calculated and stages were noted. TKV and total cyst volume measured by ultrasonography at days 0, 30, 90, and 180 along with other vitals. The total number of patients enrolled was randomly divided into two broad groups by concealed envelop technique: Intervention group (with tolvaptan) and placebo or control group. The intervention group was given tolvaptan along with standard conventional management for ADPKD as per relevant stages. The placebo group was given placebo tablets with same size and color (multivitamin tablet) along with standard conventional management for ADPKD as per relevant stages. The periodic estimation of cyst volume, kidney volume, serum creatinine level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate recorded and analyzed with ANOVA method with confidence interval 95%.
Results: Analysis of the data showed fewer ADPKD-related events per cases of follow-up with tolvaptan than with placebo. These results were confirmed by the analysis of the 1st time and after 6 months of study. Our data suggest that increase of TKV and total cyst volume was less in tolvaptan group as compared to placebo group. Overall, treatment effect on the growth of TKV was 0.219% per month with a P<0.0001.
Conclusions: The administration of tolvaptan for 6 months was associated with slowed kidney growth and functional decline and with a reduced frequency of ADPKD-related complications among patients with a relatively preserved GFR.
Marjolin’s ulcer – epidemiology and the pattern of care: Experience from a tertiary cancer care center
Authors: Anjan Bera  , Shatarupa Dutta  , Chandrima Banerjee  , Asmita Dasgupta  , Srikrishna Mandal  , Saptarshi Banerjee
Published: January 2023

Background: Marjolin’s ulcer (MU) reflects the malignant transformation of scar tissue or chronic inflammatory skin lesions. Due to the low incidence, only a few case reports and case series were reported in the literature to date.
Aims and Objectives: In our retrospective analysis, we report our experience regarding MU over the past 16 years with a significant range of latent period, histology, and as well as underlying skin conditions, from Kolkata, India.
Materials and Methods: This was a single institutional retrospective study carried out in the department of radiotherapy at the tertiary cancer, Kolkata. We focus mainly on data pertaining to the type of injury, the time gap between the initial injury and development of MU, histology, clinical stage, and treatment received, along with demographic details.
Results: A total of 39 patients with histopathologically proved MUs were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The median age of patients at the time of development of MU was 52 years and with a range of 32–71 years. Out of 39 patients who participated in this study, 29 were male (74%) and ten were female (26%), 31 patients have localized disease (80%) and eight patients have metastatic disease (20%). The most common histology is squamous cell carcinoma and the least common histology was spindle cell sarcoma. The majority of the patients were treated with curative intention and a small proportion of patients were offered palliative therapy.
Conclusion: Ulcers refractory to basic wound care, chronic in nature, and recent change of character of long-standing scar or wound, diagnosis of MU should be ruled out by biopsy. The management of MU should be supervised by a multidisciplinary tumor board and in the areas of epidemiology and treatment, more research is needed.
A clinico epidemiological study of cut throat patients – An observational retrospective study at tertiary care hospital in Jharkhand, India
Authors: Md. Noman  Alam  , Sandeep Kumar  , Md. Anas
Published: January 2023

Background: Cut throat injury is an incised wound in the neck that may be superficial or deep and is usually caused by sharp objects. These wounds may be from homicide, suicide, or accidental.
Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess cut throat injury in terms of age, sex, site of injury, and triggering factors for suicidal cut throat injury.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in the Department of ENT, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences. The study included 35 cut throat patients who were admitted and managed in the ENT department. Data were analyzed with detailed history as age, sex, cause, site of injury, sociodemographic pattern, and history of substance abuse, psychiatric problem, and duration of hospital stay.
Results: Out of 35 patients, 32 were male and three were female. The majority of the patients 21 (60%) were young adults. Causes of cut throat were suicidal 77.14% followed by homicidal 20%. The majority of patients had Zone II injuries. In general, the patients belonged to the lower middle socioeconomic class. About 77.8% of patients with suicidal cases were found to be addicted to one more substance and 22.2% were having some psychiatric illness. The most common substance abuse was indigenous rice beer Hadia mahua.
Conclusion: Young adults of the low socioeconomic class were most vulnerable to cut throat injury with a majority having zone II injury. Suicide was the most common cause with substance abuse proving to be a major provoking factor in addition to unemployment, illiteracy, and poverty.
Correlation between upper airway ultrasound and Cormack–Lehane grading during laryngoscopy – A prospective study
Authors: Sakshi Jain  , Arya Jayendra , Arvind Rathiya  , Sudhakar Dwivedi
Published: January 2023

Background: Securing airway and adequate ventilation after induction of anesthesia is the utmost priority of anesthesiologists, failure of that can lead to hypoxic brain injury and death in a few minutes.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to ascertain the role of ultrasonography in predicting difficult intubation by comparing different ultrasonographic parameters.
Materials and Methods: One hundred patients posted for elective surgery under general anesthesia were studied. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase – during the pre-anesthetic checkup, ultrasonographic measurements of Anterior neck soft-tissue thickness at the level of hyoid (ANS-Hyoid), anterior neck soft tissue thickness at the level of vocal cords (ANS-VC), pre-epiglottic space (Pre-E), distance from the epiglottis to the mid-point of the distance between the vocal cords (EVL), and the ratio of both (PES/EVL) was also done. In the second phase, Cormack–Lehane (CL) grade was noted during intubation. A Chi-square test was applied to correlate ultrasonographic parameters and CL grade. Sensitivity, specificity, an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were calculated for various parameters.
Results: In this study among the studied parameter, only ANS–VC was statistically significant in predicting difficult intubation (P<0.0001). ANS-VC >0.32 cm was 93.3% sensitive and 84.7% specific and had Area under the ROC curve of 85% in predicting CL grade 3 and 4 (difficult intubation).
Conclusion: USG is a useful tool in predicting difficult intubation. ANS-VC >0.32 cm is a highly sensitive and specific predictor of difficult intubation, while other USG parameters are not indicative of difficult intubation.
Evolution of Rosemont’s indeterminate for chronic pancreatitis in recurrent acute pancreatitis patients with 1-year follow-up: A prospective case series
Authors: Vaidya Arun , Partha Sarathi Patra
Published: January 2023

Some patients presenting with recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP), while undergoing endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), are classified as indeterminate for chronic pancreatitis (CP) according to Rosemont criteria. We are describing the clinical and radiological evolution of 14 such patients for 1 year. All the patients were closely followed up at 3 monthly intervals and subjected to ultrasound abdomen and blood sugar profile 6 monthly and EUS after 12 months. Males were 93%. Median age was 26 years. Most common etiology of RAP was idiopathic followed by ethanol and hypertriglyceridemia. On 1-year follow-up, 35.7% remained pain free and 28.6% had acute pancreatitis attack. Endocrine and exocrine insufficiency seen in one and two patients, respectively. Follow-up EUS in eight patients revealed Rosemont “normal” in 1, “Indeterminate” in 2, suggestive of CP in 3, and consistent with CP in two patients. Therefore, Rosemont’s “Indeterminate’’ progress to suggestive/consistent with CP in majority of patients.
Dermatological adverse drug reactions with particular reference to Steven-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Banday Muddasir Sharief , Rather Sajad Ahmad , Mufti Samina , Qureshi Sabia
Published: January 2023

Background: Drug therapy is an inevitable cause of cutaneous adverse reactions.
Aims and Objectives: The primary aim was to identify the incidence and magnitude of various dermatological adverse reactions including Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Moreover, secondary aim was to quantify the risks associated with the use of specific medications.
Materials and Methods: A prospective and hospital-based study was conducted in the department of dermatology SMHS hospital on hospitalized cases of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs). Informed consent was sought and reactions were reported on validated questionnaire based on adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring form provided by Central Drug Standard Control organization Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. These dermatological reactions were assessed for the clinical pattern, causative agents, and prognosis. The WHO-Uppsala Monitoring centre system for standardized case was used for causality assessment of all cases identified.
Results: A total of 101 hospitalized patients with varied dermatological ADRs were reported during the study period. Cases were found more in females (n=75, 74.25%) than in males (n=26, 25.75%). CADRs that were reported in our study were exanthematous rash, fixed drug eruptions, urticarial rashes, SJS, TEN, urticarial vasculitis, anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, erythema multiforme, contact dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, mucosal hyperpigmentation, and nail pigmentation, respectively. After a meticulous drug history, the drugs implicated in causing the cutaneous reactions were anticonvalscents such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and phenobarbitone. Other drugs identified were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as oxicam, antibiotics such as sulfasalazine, cefixime, cefpodoxime, amoxicillin, fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, chemotherapeutic agents such as cyclophosphamide, 5FU, and hydroxurea.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that skin is most common target for ADRs. Drug-induced cutaneous reactions can be as simple as a mild rash to rare life-threatening SJS and TEN. Moreover, certain group of patients is at increased risk for developing CADR’s as women are more susceptible than men.
Comparative analysis of education environment perception of 1st and 2nd year MBBS students of medical college using Dundee ready education environment measure
Authors: Amita Rajesh Ranade  , Anita Jibhau Jadhav  , Smita Wagh
Published: January 2023

Background: The Dundee ready education environment measure (DREEM) inventory is a useful tool to identify the student’s perception of the educational environment at the medical colleges.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the perception of educational environment of 1st and 2nd year undergraduate medical students of SBH Government Medical College Dhule, using DREEM inventory.
Materials and Methods: Eighty-six students of 1st year and 92 students of 2nd year MBBS participated in this study. DREEM questionnaire was given to the students in a classroom after the scheduled routine teaching sessions by the teachers. Students were instructed to indicate best response for each item given in DREEM questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel.
Results: The mean score of 1st year student for each domain was comparatively higher than the score of 2nd year students. Items that have a mean score of 3.5 or over were considered to be real positive points. Items with a mean between 2 and 3 were aspects of the great concern that could be improve. Items with a mean of 2 or less indicate problem areas. The overall DREEM score was 141.96 (70.87%). However, there were no significant differences in the overall DREEM score of 1st and 2nd year students. The overall DREEM score of 1st and 2nd year students was 141.96 (70.87%). However, there were no significant differences in the overall DREEM score of 1st and 2nd year students.
Conclusions: DREEM is a useful tool to assess the educational environment and to give a clear indication of the education environment perception of medical students. The DREEM questionnaire reflects the realistic situation in medical colleges and can be utilized in a variety of situations to obtain baseline information.