bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problems of older workforce in working life: The case of Kirklareli
Yaşlı işgücünün çalışma hayatındaki sorunları: Kırklareli ili örneği
Authors: Aydın Aykut
Published: May 2017

Significant decrease in the rate of population growth across the world and the rise in the average life expectancy in recent years has caused and increase in the rate of elderly in general population and has drawn attention to demographic ageing process in the world.Employment of the workforce at an advanced age will provide some development in the economic apportinuties of them and will increase their participation in social and cultural fields. Therefore discussing elderly indivudial’s problems in working life is important especially to produce sensible and lasting solutions for active ageing and to be able to deal with many negative consequences caused by demographic transition in the final stage.The study intented to the descriptive aim as prospective was carried out to determine the problems of older workers in Kirklareli. In the study random sampling method is used to code data statistical analysis is made by using SPSS 13 Programme.According to the concequences of the study, it was determined that 67% of employers don’t know using tecnology, 47% of them prefer young employees for the hard work and prefer older employees for the light work. Also it was determined that 67% of the employees experience physical problems, 87% of the employees complain with negative impacts of stress to their working quality, 73% of them think that they are exposed to the aged discrimination and 34% of them experience chronic fatigue. ÖzetSon dönemlerde dünyada görülen nüfus artış hızındaki önemli azalış ve ortalama yaşam beklentisindeki yükseliş, genel nüfus içindeki yaşlı nüfus oranının artmasına neden olmakta ve dünyadaki demografik yaşlanma sürecine dikkati çekmektedir. İleri yaş işgücünün istihdamı, söz konusu kesimin ekonomik imkânlarını geliştirmenin yanında, onların sosyal ve kültürel alanlara da katılımlarını arttıracaktır.Tanımlayıcı amaca yönelik prospektif olarak gerçekleşen çalışma; Kırklareli İli yaşlı işgücünün sorunlarını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Olasılıksız örnekleme yöntemlerinden gelişigüzel örnekleme yöntemiyle toplanan veriler kodlanarak, very analizi SPSS 13 paket programında gerçekleştirildi.Çalışma sonucunda, işverene özgü; teknoloji kullanımının bilinmediği (% 67) ve işverenlerin % 47’sinin ağır iş yükü olan işlerde genç yaş grubunu; hafif derece işlerde ise ileri yaş grubunu istihdam etmek istedikleri belirlendi.İşçi açısından bakıldığında ise; % 67’sinin fiziksel rahatsızlık yaşadığı;  iş yerinde yaşanan psikolojik gerilimin-stresin işçilerin % 87’sine negative yönde etkilediği, çalışma kalitesini ve iş doyumunu düşürdüğü; katılımcıların % 73’ünün yaşa bağlı ayrımcılığa maruz kaldığını düşündüğü ve %34’ünün kronik yorgunluk yaşadığı görüldü.
Characterization and mitigation of 3D mask effects in extreme ultraviolet lithography
Authors: Erdmann Andreas , Xu Dongbo , Evanschitzky Peter , Philipsen Vicky , Luong Vu , Hendrickx Eric
Published: May 2017

The reflection and diffraction of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light from lithographic masks and the projection imaging of these masks by all-reflective systems introduce several significant imaging artifacts. The off-axis illumination of the mask causes asymmetric shadowing, a size bias between features with different orientations and telecentricity errors. The image contrast varies with the feature orientation and can easily drop far below intuitively expected values. The deformation of the wavefront or phase of the incident light by thick absorbers generates aberration-like effects, especially variations of the best-focus (BF) position vs. the pitch and size of the imaged patterns. Partial reflection of light from the top of the absorber generates a weak secondary image, which superposes with the main image. Based on a discussion of the root causes of these phenomena, we employ mask diffraction and imaging analysis for a quantitative analysis of these effects for standard EUV masks. Simulations for various non-standard types of mask stacks (e.g. etched multilayers, buried shifters, etc.) and for various non-standard absorber materials are used to explore the imaging capabilities of alternative masks for EUV lithography. Finally, an outlook at anamorphic systems for larger numerical apertures is given.
edoweb als Webarchiv des Landesbibliothekszentrums Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Jendral Lars
Published: May 2017

Das Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz betreibt mit dem hbz als technischem Dienstleister seit 2003 den Archivserver edoweb. In Fortschreibung des landeskundlichen Sammelauftrags wurden seitdem auch thematische Websites über Rheinland-Pfalz oder repräsentierende Websites von Landesinstitutionen gesammelt. Dargestellt werden die rechtlichen Grundlagen, Sammlungsschwerpunkte und die Entwicklung der zum Einsatz gekommenen technischen Systeme.
Numerical Simulation of Inclusion Capture in the Slab Continuous Casting Considering the Influence of the Primary Dendrite Arm Spacing
Authors: Yin Yanbin , Zhang Jiongming , Lei Shaowu , Wang Zhitong
Published: May 2017

In the present work, a coupled three-dimensional numerical model of fluid flow, heat transfer, and inclusion motion during the solidification of molten steel in slab continuous casting mold has been developed. Based on the model, this paper has studied the inclusion capture during the process. The influence of the primary dendrite arm spacing on inclusion capture has been considered. The inclusion distributions, total masses, and average diameters at different depth from the slab surface have been given out in the present paper. The simulation results revealed the inclusion concentration existed in the solidification process, and the inclusion capturing area varies with the depth from the slab surface.
Evaluation of factors associated with elevated newborn 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels
Authors: Anandi V. Shobi , Shaila Bhattacharyya
Published: May 2017

Background:

Measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) in dried blood spots has been widely used as a newborn screening tool for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Various maternal and neonatal factors can result in falsely high values of 17-OHP. There is a paucity of Indian studies in this regard because routine evaluation of newborn 17-OHP levels as a screening program is not widely practiced in India. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of various maternal and neonatal factors on newborn 17-OHP levels. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of various maternal and neonatal factors on the newborn 17-OHP values.

Methods:

Retrospective data related to a total of 3080 newborn 17-OHP values and clinical characteristics were collected for 3 years (2013–2015). The data were analyzed to determine the influence of various factors on 17-OHP values.

Results:

The mean value of 17-OHP in our study was 5.486±3.96 ng/mL. Gender and mode of delivery did not significantly affect the 17-OHP levels. The levels were significantly higher in preterm and low birth weight babies as compared to term babies and babies with normal birth weight. Stress factors like pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), early onset sepsis (EOS), neonatal seizures and birth asphyxia significantly increase the neonatal 17-OHP levels.

Conclusions:

The levels of 17-OHP in newborns was measured around day 3 of life are very sensitive to the influence of gestational age, birth weight and presence of stress factors like maternal PIH, birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis and neonatal seizures and should be interpreted cautiously.
Estimating jaguar (Panthera onca) density in a preserved coastal area of French Guiana
Authors: Petit Matthis , Denis Thomas , Rux Ondine , Richard-Hansen Cécile , Berzins Rachel
Published: May 2017

Knowledge of the jaguar population is needed in French Guiana that faces an increase of human-jaguar conflicts. We carried out a camera trap survey to assess jaguar local density and home range size in a preserved coastal area of French Guiana. We ran spatially explicit capture recapture (SECR) models. In our model, the scale parameter σ, that is linked to the home range size, was larger for males (σ=3.87±0.59 SE km) than for females (σ=2.33±0.30 SE km). The assessed jaguar density was 3.22±0.87 SE ind. 100 km−2, which should be considered as an optimal density in a French Guiana coastal area.
Crystal structure of ethyl (E)-3-(cyclopropylamino)-2-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl) acrylate, C15H14Cl2FNO3
Authors: Liao Han-Xiao , Ying Bei-Bei , Shen Chao , Zhang Peng-Fei
Published: May 2017

C15H14Cl2FNO3, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.5995(8) Å, b = 9.9579(9) Å, c = 10.1418(10) Å, α = 113.4900(10)°, β = 95.8730(10)°, γ = 96.1610(10)°, V = 781.81(13) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0282, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0788, T = 100(2)K.
Crystal structure of diethyl 3,3′-(diazene-1,2-diyl)(E)-dibenzoate, C18H18N2O4
Authors: Yongsheng Niu , Youzhu Yu , Aimin Wei , Nana Liu , Fengli Wang
Published: May 2017

C18H18N2O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 5.2291(2) Å, b = 10.5932(4) Å, c = 15.3775(6) Å, β = 96.619(2)°, V = 846.13(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0479, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1438, T = 293(2) K.
Catalysis in a dispersion medium for the hydrogenation of aromatics and hydrodearomatization in oil refining
Authors: Maximov Anton L. , Sizova Irina A. , Khadzhiev Salambek N.
Published: May 2017

A comparative study of nickel-tungsten sulfide catalysts for hydrodearomatization prepared in situ in a reaction medium by different methods (from a [BMPip]2Ni(WS4)2 precursor in a hydrocarbon or in an ionic liquid, from a suspension of nickel and tungsten salts formed from inverted emulsions in hydrocarbons, or from oil-soluble precursors) has been carried out. It has been found that the use of the oil-soluble precursors makes it possible to reach a high degree of sulfidizing of the active phase and a high degree of its promotion by nickel at a small size of the active phase particles. The resulting catalyst can be applied to the hydrogenation of both the naphthalene and substituted methylnaphthalenes (2-methylnaphthalene, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, 2,3-dimethylnaphthalene, and 2,3,6-trimethylnaphthalene) with the high selectivity for decalins and to the hydrodearomatization of light cycle oil with the complete removal of di- and polycyclic aromatic compounds.
Reaction behavior of the Collman reagent towards the nitrosyl carbonyls [CoNO(CO)3] and [Fe(NO)2(CO)2]
Authors: Böttcher Hans-Christian , Beck Wolfgang
Published: May 2017

Reactions of the Collman reagent, Na2[Fe(CO)4]·1.5 dioxane, towards the nitrosyl carbonyls [CoNO(CO)3] and [Fe(NO)2(CO)2] in THF as the solvent at room temperature were investigated. Thereby a quick transfer of one nitrosyl ligand from the nitrosyl carbonyl molecule to the iron carbonyl metalate was observed. The reaction with the cobalt compound afforded in high yields the well-known species [Co(CO)4]− and [FeNO(CO)3]− isolated by addition of two equivalents of [PPN]+Cl− ([PPN]+= bis(triphenylphosphane)iminium cation) and characterized by their known IR spectra, by elemental analysis and their characteristic colors and melting points. In the reaction of the Collman reagent with [Fe(NO)2(CO)2] a clean transformation to the tricarbonylnitrosylferrate(1−) as the only formed product was observed.
Gestational high-fat diet and bisphenol A exposure heightens mammary cancer risk
Authors: Leung Yuet-Kin , Govindarajah Vinothini , Cheong Ana , Veevers Jennifer , Song Dan , Gear Robin , Zhu Xuegong , Ying Jun , Kendler Ady , Medvedovic Mario , Belcher Scott , Ho Shuk-Mei
Published: May 2017

In uteroexposure to bisphenol A (BPA) increases mammary cancer susceptibility in offspring. High-fat diet is widely believed to be a risk factor of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal exposure to BPA in addition to high-butterfat (HBF) intake during pregnancy further influences carcinogen-induced mammary cancer risk in offspring, and its dose–response curve. In this study, we found that gestational HBF intake in addition to a low-dose BPA (25 µg/kg BW/day) exposure increased mammary tumor incidence in a 50-day-of-age chemical carcinogen administration model and altered mammary gland morphology in offspring in a non-monotonic manner, while shortening tumor-free survival time compared with the HBF-alone group.In uteroHBF and BPA exposure elicited differential effects at the gene level in PND21 mammary glands through DNA methylation, compared with HBF intake in the absence of BPA. Top HBF + BPA-dysregulated genes (ALDH1B1,ASTL,CA7,CPLX4,KCNV2,MAGEE2andTUBA3E) are associated with poor overall survival in The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) human breast cancer cohort (n = 1082). Furthermore, the prognostic power of the identified genes was further enhanced in the survival analysis of Caucasian patients with estrogen receptor-positive tumors. In conclusion, concurrent HBF dietary and a low-dose BPA exposure during pregnancy increases mammary tumor incidence in offspring, accompanied by alterations in mammary gland development and gene expression, and possibly through epigenetic reprogramming.
Topical Video Search: Analysing Video Concept Annotation through Crowdsourcing Games
Authors: Gligorov Riste , Hildebrand Michiel , Van Ossenbruggen Jacco , Aroyo Lora , Schreiber Guus
Published: May 2017

Games with a purpose (GWAPs) are increasingly used in audio-visual collections as a mechanism for annotating videos through tagging. One such GWAP is Waisda?, a video labeling game where players tag streaming video and win points by reaching consensus on tags with other players. The open-ended and unconstrained manner of tagging in the fast-paced setting of the game has fundamental impact on the resulting tags. We find that Waisda? tags predominately describe visual objects and rarely refer to the topics of the videos. In this study we evaluate to what extent the tags entered by players can be regarded as topical descriptors of the video material.  Moreover, we characterize the quality of the user tags as topical descriptors with the aim to detect and filter out the bad ones. Our results show that after filtering,  game tags perform equally well compared to the manually crafted metadata when it comes to accessing the videos based on topic. An important consequence of this finding is that tagging games can provide a cost-effective alternative in situations when manual annotation by professionals is too costly.
Taiteen hallinnan perusteos
Authors: Ahponen Pirkkoliisa
Published: May 2017

Ilkka Heiskanen, Anita Kangas ja Ritva Mitchell (toim.) (2015). Taiteen ja kulttuurin kentät. Perusrakenteet, hallinta ja lainsäädäntö. Toinen, uudistettu laitos. Tietosanoma Oy: Helsinki. 509 s.
R577X polymorphism of alpha-actinin-3 in human populations of North-Eastern Asia
Authors: Malyarchuk Boris A , Derenko Miroslava V , Denisova Galina A
Published: May 2017

Background. In polymorphism rs1815739, a C T transition converts arginine to a premature stop-codon at residue 577 of the alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) protein (R577X polymorphism). This polymorphism may affect muscle performance, and the derived 577X allele has been found to be under-represented in sprint/power athletes. In addition, loss of alpha-actinin-3 results in a shift in muscle metabolism toward the more efficient aerobic pathway, thus pointing that this polymorphism may have been involved in enhancing the capability for hunting and for cold adaptation. Here, we study rs1815739 polymorphism in native populations (Chukchi, Koryaks and Evens) and newcomers (Russians) of North-Eastern Asia.

Materials and methods. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood. ACTN3 genotypes for rs1815739 locus were established by enzymatic digestion of amplicons with DdeI. Heterozygotes TT were confirmed by DNA sequencing. In addition, data on exome variation in Siberian populations were analyzed.

Results. Lowered frequencies (less than 40%) of mutant allele rs1815739-T were found in studied populations of North-Eastern Asia. Analysis of exome data has shown that haplotype comprising the rs1815739-T allele reaches the highest frequencies in populations of Southern and Central Siberia, while it is rather rare in the north-east of Siberia.

Conclusion. The results obtained contradict the hypothesis that the rs1815739 polymorphism may have been involved in cold adaptation of North-East Siberians.
A Reciprocal g-Derivatives of 2-nd Type and its Properties
Authors: Pahirya Mykhaylo M.
Published: May 2017

A new type of functional reciprocal derivatives called reciprocal g-derivatives of 2-nd type are introduced in the consideration. Analogue of Thiele formula for quasi-reciprocal functional continued fractions has been proposed.
On the Jackson-Type Inequality for the Best Sp-Approximations of Functions by Trigonometric Polynomials
Authors: Shchitov Alexander N.
Published: May 2017

We find the sharp constant in the Jackson-type inequality between the value of the best approximation of functions by trigonometric polynomials and moduli of continuity of m-th order in the spaces Sp, 1 ≤ p < ∞. In the particular case we obtain one result which in a certain sense generalizes the result obtained by L.V. Taykov for m = 1 in the space L2 for the arbitrary moduli of continuity of m-th order (m Є N).
Deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet from the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Stokes Ch.R.
Published: May 2017

The last deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) was associated with major reorganisations in the ocean-climate system and its retreat also represents a valuable analogue for understanding the rates and mechanisms of ice sheet collapse. This paper reviews the characteristics of the LIS at its Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and its subsequent deglaciation, with particular emphasis on the pattern and timing of ice margin recession and the driving mechanisms of retreat. The LIS initiated over the eastern Canadian Arctic ~116-110 ka (MIS 5d), but its growth towards the LGM was highly non-linear and punctuated by several episodes of expansion (~65 ka: MIS 4) and retreat (~50-40 ka: MIS 3). It attained its maximum position around 26-25 ka (MIS 2) and existed for several thousand years as an extensive ice sheet with major domes over Keewatin, Foxe Basin and northern Quebec/Labrador. It extended to the edge of the continental shelf at its marine margins and likely stored a sea-level equivalent of around 50 m and with a maximum ice surface ~3,000 m above present sea-level. Retreat from its maximum was triggered by an increase in boreal summer insolation, but areal shrinkage was initially slow and the net surface mass balance was positive, indicating that ice streams likely played an important role in reducing the ice sheet volume, if not its extent, via calving at marine margins. Between ~16 and ~13 ka, the ice sheet margin retreated more rapidly, particularly in the south and west, whereas the north and east underwent only minimal recession. The overall rate of retreat decreased during the Younger Dryas (YD), when several localised readvances occurred. Following the YD, the ice sheet retreated two to five times faster than previously, and this was primarily driven by enhanced surface melting while ice streams reduced in effectiveness. Final deglaciation of the Keewatin and Foxe Domes, left a remnant Labrador Dome that disappeared ~6.7 ka.
A study on epistaxis in adults: a series of 120 cases
Authors: R. Nanmullai , V. J. Vikram
Published: May 2017

Background: Epistaxis is a symptom of many diverse conditions. This study on epistaxis of 120 cases in adults, is to find out the most common causes for epistaxis, prevalence of epistaxis in either sex, age groups and for early identification of cause and management. Results were analysed.

Methods: Prospective study of series 120 cases in adults.  

Results: Results were analysed and idiopathic was most common cause of epistaxis, males were more affected than females, and the most common age group affected is 13 to 30 years. Most cases are treated by conservative measures.

Conclusions: Idiopathic is the most common cause of epistaxis in this present study. Other causes are trauma, DNS with spurs, sinusitis and JNA in adolescent males. Males are commonly affected than females .The most common age group affected is 13 to 30 years and 41 to 60 years. Most cases are treated by conservative measures.
Диагностика перспектив инновационного развития АО «Объединенная двигателестроительная корпорация»
Authors: Завилов Илья Михайлович
Published: May 2017

В статье предлагается оценка ключевых параметров деятельности на примере АО «ОДК» с позиций перспектив её инновационного развития. Диагностируется прибыльность корпорации, её долговая нагрузка, показатели использования оборотного капитала. По ряду ретроспективных данных построен прогноз и определена тенденция развития. Особое внимание предлагается уделить инвестиционным ожиданиям деятельности АО «ОДК» и необходимости внедрения на предприятиях компании системы сбалансированных показателей.
Role of Glucomannans in Immunology
Authors: Tester Richard , Al-Ghazzewi Farage H
Published: May 2017

Glucomannans play a much broader role in human health then providing dietary fibre. They are biologically active molecules and can when added to the body imitate innate molecules found in different organs including surface carbohydrates on cells. This review considers the immunological role of exogenous glucomannans within animals and man. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
O Desenvolvimento do Setor Farmacêutico: a Caminho de uma Estratégia Centrada na Inovação
Authors: Ávila Jorge de Paula Costa
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo discute objetivos e estratégias para a implementação de uma das prioridades da política industrial e tecnológica: o desenvolvimento da indústria farmacêutica brasileira. Suas principais conclusões, justificadas ao longo do trabalho, são: o objetivo da política para o complexo farmacêutico não deve ser a simples e generalizada substituição de importações, mas a construção, no País, de um ambiente de inovação farmacêutica capaz de oferecer produtos e serviços avançados para o mercado global; e que, face às novas estratégias de P&D das empresas líderes mundiais do setor, que abrem oportunidades para empresas de porte menor, esse objetivo é alcançável mediante ações coordenadas de indução e facilitação. O aperfeiçoamento do sistema nacional de inovação em saúde, o fomento ao desenvolvimento de uma teia de empresas de grande especialização, assim como ao relacionamento desta teia com empresas dotadas de capacidade comercial e de negociação compõem o leque de ações articuladas apresentado como estratégia eficaz para o aproveitamento das oportunidades apontadas. Os instrumentos disponíveis e as experiências internacionais e nacionais no fomento à inovação e ao investimento são discutidas vis à vis a estratégia proposta, e um programa nacional de desenvolvimento de medicamentos para doenças negligenciadas é sugerido como piloto articulador de uma iniciativa integrada de fomento.
O Programa de Desenvolvimento das Engenharias
Authors: Longo Waldimir Pirró e
Published: May 2017

Durante dois períodos da minha vida profissional, tive a honra e o privilégio de trabalhar na Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos – FINEP. No primeiro período, de 1982 a 1985, como seu funcionário efetivo, exerci, inicialmente, o cargo de chefe de departamento e, posteriormente, a vice-presidência da Empresa. Nesse período, a FINEP teve dois presidentes, a saber, os doutores Gerson Ferreira Filho e José Walter Merlo. Como chefe do Departamento de Relações Institucionais – DRI/2, era responsável pela gestão dos chamados “apoios institucionais” e das “linhas de crédito” então praticados, fundamentalmente, com recursos do Fundo Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FNDCT)...
Construindo Pontes: inovações, organizações e estratégias como abordagens complementares
Authors: Castro Ana Célia
Published: May 2017

O ponto de partida deste artigo-resenha é a seguinte definição concisa das instituições:5 “As instituições são sistemas duradouros de regras sociais estabelecidas e enraizadas que estruturam as interações sociais” (Hodgson, 2004). Além disso, como assinalaram Chang e Evans, “nas sociedades modernas, elas [as instituições] costumam encarnar-se em organizações competentemente coordenadas, com regras formais e com capacidade de impor sanções coercitivas, como o governo ou as empresas” (Chang & Evans, 2000). Os autores chamam a atenção para três dimensões do conceito: “Existe uma terceira visão das instituições, que recebe relativamente pouca atenção dos economistas, mas, a nosso ver, é crucial. Essa visão entende as instituições como não apenas habilitadoras ou cerceadoras, mas também como constitutivas...
Intercomparison of MODIS and VIIRS Fire Products in Khanty-Mansiysk Russia: Implication for Characterizing Gas Flaring from Space
Authors: Sharma Ambrish , Wang Jun
Published: May 2017

Gas flaring is commonly used by industrial plants for processing oil and natural gases in the atmosphere, and hence is an important anthropogenic source for various pollutants including CO2, CO, and aerosols. This study evaluates the feasibility of using satellite data to characterize gas flaring form space by focusing on the Khanty Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in Russia, a region that is well known for its dominatingly gas flaring activities. Multiple satellite-based thermal anomaly data products at night are inter-compared and analyzed, including MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Terra level-2 Thermal Anomalies product (MOD14), MODIS Aqua level-2 Thermal Anomalies product (MYD14), VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) Active Fires Applications Related Product (VAFP), and VIIRS level-2 data based Nightfire product (VNF). The analysis compares and contrasts the efficacy of these sensor products in detecting small, hot sources like flares on the ground in extremely cold environments such as Russia. We found that the VNF algorithm recently launched by NOAA has the unprecedented accuracy and efficiency in characterizing gas flares in the region owing primarily to the use of Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands. Reconciliation of VNF’s differences and similarities with other nighttime fire products is also conducted, indicating that MOD14/MYD14 and VAFP data are only effective in detecting those gas flaring pixels that are among the hottest in the region. Validation of VNF product of gas flaring location with Google Earth images are made. It is shown that that VNF’s estimates of gas flaring area (the area of gas flaming) agree well the counterparts from Google images with a linear correlation of 0.91, highlighting its potential use for routinely monitoring emissions of gas flaring from space.
Cloning and Characterization of an Alginate Lyase from Marine Vibrio. sp. QD-5
Authors: Chao Yaxi , Wang Shuyan , Wu Suqi , Wei Jiaqiang , Chen Hao
Published: May 2017

The string of bacteria, Vibrio. sp. QD-5 utilizing alginate, was separated from rotten kelp. The results of genome sequencing showed that the strain QD-5 contained four alginate lyase genes.One of the alginate genes Aly-IV was cloned and linked to the plasmid pET-22b (+). The heterologous expressed alginate lyase aly-IVwas characterized，which possessed the theoretical molecular mass of 62 kDa, and theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 5.12. - The enzyme aly-IV was purified and the activity reached 1256.78 U/mg, with optimal temperature of 35 oC and pH value of 8.9. Nurtured in the temperature below 25 oC for 30 minutes, the activity was almost stable. The result also suggested that the activity of enzyme was strongly affected by - NaCl whose optimal concentration was 15 mM in a lab environment The TLC and ESI-TOF-MS analysis suggested that the enzyme aly-IV could degrade sodium alginate and polyG in endo-lytic type, producing monomer, dimer and trimmer. So, aly-IV can also be widely applied to make large scale preparation of alginate oligosaccharides with low degree of polymerization (DP).
The Thermal Conductivities of Periodic Fibrous Composites as Defined by a Mathematical Model
Authors: Venetis John , Sideridis Emilio
Published: May 2017

In this paper, an advanced geometric model to simulate the periodic structure of unidirectional fibrous composites is presented. This model takes into consideration the influence of fiber contiguity in parallel with the concept of interphase on the thermomechanical properties of the overall material. Next, by the use of this model the authors propose closed – form expressions to estimate the longitudinal and transverse thermal conductivity of this type of composites.
Biomass- An Overview on Composition Characteristics and Properties
Authors: Parmar Kavita
Published: May 2017

A general overview has been proposed for biomass composition, characteristics and property. Biomass is the combination of all organic materials that simplify referring to amount of animal and plant. Biomass materials are diverse, ranging from wood, bark, straw and other agricultural residues, grasses and off-spec grains. Despite of diversity the composition of most biomass materials is relatively uniform, when moisture has been excluded. Biomass burning emission is an important part of carbon and nitrogen cycle. The pollutants released by biomass burning varies depends upon the constituents of nitrogen sulphur and carbon. In this paper basic knowledge of biomass and comparative data regarding composition and characterization has been studied. 
Solar-driven photocatalytic decomposition of microcystin-LR: from laboratory development to on-site demonstration
Authors: Malayeri Hesam Zamankhan , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna , Choi Hyeok
Published: May 2017

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) found in various water bodies worldwide have been a huge concern due to their adverse impacts on human health and ecosystems. In particular, HABs associated with cyanobacteria have been of great interest because of their potential to generate and release biological toxins, especially, lethal microcystins (MCs). The overall goal of this study was to develop a new sustainable approach to decompose MCs, preferably on-site and in real-time with minimal effort, fewer chemicals, and low energy inputs. To achieve the goal, a high efficiency nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalytic film immobilized onto a glass substrate was fabricated via integrated sol-gel synthesis employing nitrogen-containing surfactants as pore-templating agent and nitrogen-dopant. The film exhibited visible light-activated, nanoporous, and transparent properties. Effects of surfactant type, calcination temperature, coating layers, and reaction pH on the photocatalytic decomposition of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) were investigated under visible light. Eventually, the TiO2 film was able to successfully decompose MC-LR on-site in a lake under solar radiation in real-time. This study implies the high potential of the TiO2 film for on-site and real-time decomposition of many organic contaminants in water by using sustainable solar energy.
EWOLUCJA ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI WŁADZY PUBLICZNEJ - OD WINY FUNKCJONOWANIA DO BEZPRAWNOŚCI NORMATYWNEJ
Authors: Safjan Marek
Published: May 2017

Evolution of Liability of Public Authorities - from Guilt of Functioning to Normative LawlessnessSummaryThe above discourse supports a general thesis that the approach to the principles behind the liability of public authorities is an important indicator of the democratic system, and for assessment of relations between public authorities and citizens. The evolution of these principles in the Polish law corresponds to the history of the evolution of the political system over the last few decades.Nevertheless, it appears that the last fundamental changes in the field of public liability pushing it towards greater objectiveness, still do not remove many significant questions and dilemmas, which are still waiting to be solved. A real antinomy between protection of individual interests, and the general interest becomes more and more acute. Thus, the need is and will be growing to find answers to the complicated problems of statutory unlawfulness. Without doubt, the existence in the legal system of constitutional courts is an important, may be even the most important factor and the point of reference for any analysis made in this field. Possibly, we are approaching a breakthrough in the field of liability of the public authorities. The need for an in-depth reflection over these issues becomes increasingly pressing.
Laboratory Study on EOR in Offshore Oilfields by Variable Concentrations Polymer Flooding
Authors: Song Kaoping , Sun Ning , Pi Yanfu
Published: May 2017

Background:

Polymer flooding is the most commonly applied chemical enhanced-oil-recovery technique in offshore oilfields. However, there are challenges and risks in applying the technology of polymer flooding to offshore heavy oil development.

Objective:

This paper compared the spread law and the displacement effect of different injection modes and validated the feasibility of enhancing oil recovery by variable concentrations polymer flooding.

Method:

Two types of laboratory experiments were designed by using micro etching glass models and heterogeneous artificial cores. Furthermore, in order to determine a better polymer flooding mode, the displacement results, displacement characteristic curves and oil saturation distribution of heterogeneous artificial cores were also compared, respectively.

Results:

The experimental results showed that the recovery of variable concentrations polymer flooding was higher than that of constant concentration polymer flooding, under conditions of same total amount of polymer and similar water flooding recovery. Its sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency were also significantly higher than those of constant concentration polymer flooding. Moreover, variable concentrations polymer flooding had lower peak pressure and was at lower risk for reaching the formation fracture pressure.

Conclusion:

As a consequence, variable concentrations polymer flooding has certain feasibility for heterogeneous reservoir in offshore oilfields, and can improve interlayer heterogeneity to further tapping remaining oil in medium and low permeability layer. Conclusions of this paper can provide reference for the field application of polymer flooding in offshore oilfields.
Estudio mineralógico de un suelo perteneciente al fundo vivero frutícola Motupe Lambayeque, usando técnicas analíticas y complementarias
Authors: Trujillo Alejandro , Mejía Mirian , Bravo Jorge , Ceron María , Rufasto Eleazar
Published: May 2017

Los materiales liberados durante el proceso de intemperización del suelo pueden ser removidos del sistema en el proceso de drenaje del agua o pueden reaccionar en el sistema para formar una variedad de productos cristalinos o amorfos. Los productos de reacción que se observan comúnmente, son los minerales de arcilla y los óxidos e hidróxidos de aluminio y hierro. La caracterización de estos materiales es de vital importancia porque son ellos quienes reflejan de mejor manera los efectos a largo plazo del entorno químico y de los mecanismos de drenaje del suelo. Además, estos materiales tienen marcada influencia en muchas propiedades del suelo. En el presente trabajo se reportan los resultados de la caracterización mineralógica y elemental de una muestra de suelo proveniente del Fundo Vivero Frutícola Motupe, perteneciente a la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo de Lambayeque, para lo cual se hace uso de las técnicas de Fluorescencia de rayos X (FRX), difractometría de rayos X (DRX) y espectroscopia Mössbauer por transmisión (EMT). Se incluye además los procedimientos de análisis de rutina como pH, conductividad eléctrica, porcentaje de carbonatos y bicarbonatos. Se analizó la muestra en bruto Mo06. DRX permitió la identificación de Cuarzo, Illita, Ortoclasa y Albita en la muestra en bruto. EMT permitió identificar, en la muestra en bruto, un sexteto adjudicado a la Hematita, un doblete central que podría ser adjudicado a un óxido de hierro en estado superparamagnético y dos dobletes adjudicados a la Illita. La composición química fue determinada haciendo uso de FRX. Se detectaron Hierro y Silicio como elementos mayoritarios y Azufre, Cloro, Potasio, Calcio, Titanio, Vanadio, Cromo, Manganeso, Níquel, Cobre, Zinc, Rubidio, Estroncio y Zirconio como elementos minoritarios.
Relation between Kidney Length and Cardiovascular and Renal Risk in High-Risk Patients
Authors: van der Sande Nicolette G.C. , Visseren Frank L.J. , van der Graaf Yolanda , Nathoe Hendrik M. , de Borst Gert Jan , Leiner Tim , Blankestijn Peter J. ,   on behalf of the SMART Study Group
Published: May 2017

Background and objectives

Kidney length is often measured during routine abdominal ultrasonography and may be of use to identify patients at high vascular and renal risk. We aimed to explore patient characteristics related to kidney length, from which reference values were derived, and evaluate the relationship between kidney length and the risk of cardiovascular events and ESRD in high-risk patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The study population consisted of 10,251 patients with clinical manifest arterial disease or vascular risk factors included in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) Study cohort between 1996 and 2014. Linear regression was used to explore patient characteristics of kidney length. The relationship between kidney length and cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality), all-cause mortality, and ESRD was analyzed using Cox regression. Kidney length was analyzed in tertiles, using the second tertile as the reference category.

Results

Kidney length was strongly correlated with body surface area (2.04 mm; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.95 to 2.13 per 0.1 m2 increase) and eGFR (1.62 mm; 95% CI, 1.52 to 1.73 per 10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 increase). During the median follow-up of 6.3 years, 1317 patients experienced a cardiovascular event, including 711 myocardial infarctions, 369 strokes, and 735 vascular cause deaths. A total of 1462 patients died of any cause and 52 patients developed ESRD. Irrespective of eGFR, patients in the third tertile of kidney length (11.7–16.1 cm) were at higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.67) and cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.50). Patients in the first tertile of kidney length (7.8–10.8 cm) were not at higher risk of cardiovascular adverse events.

Conclusions

Large kidney length is related to higher risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in high-risk patients, irrespective of eGFR. Kidney length may serve as a clinical marker to further identify patients at high cardiovascular risk.
Producción científica del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez entre 1946 y 2012
Authors: Díaz-Escoto Alma Silvia , Ramírez-Godoy Ma. Esther
Published: May 2017

El propósito de este trabajo es presentar un análisis bibliométrico sobre la productividad científica del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez con base en el sistema de información especializada Scopus. Se recu- peró la información de los registros del instituto, su revista y sus investigadores y se presenta en tablas y gráficas por autores, títulos de revistas, años, afiliaciones de los autores, idiomas, tipos de documentos, países, temáticas y número de autores de cada registro y trabajos citados, tanto por autor, como por título del trabajo. Se iden- tificaron los autores más productivos y se analizó su productividad por trabajos publicados, trabajos citados, número de citas, autor único, primer autor, tipo de documento y años de publicación. Se reflejan los trabajos con mayor número de citas. Se observó que el incremento en publicaciones ha sido constante desde 1946, sobre todo a partir del año 2000. Un porcentaje importante de trabajos ha sido citado. La mayoría de los artículos han sido escritos en colaboración, muchas veces con otras instituciones nacionales e internacionales. En síntesis, se analizaron diferentes vertientes de la productividad científica del instituto.
Media '75: Ownership, Control and Decision-Making in the Mainline Commercial Media: An Overview
Authors: Beattie Earle
Published: May 2017

(The series "Ownership, Control and Decision-Making in the Mainline Commercial Media" consisted of four panels through Saturday, May 24, and Sunday morning. Following is a brief summary. )
Abstract degenerate fractional differential inclusions in Banach spaces
Authors: Kostic Marko
Published: May 2017

In the paper under review, we investigate a class of abstract degenerate
fractional differential inclusions with Caputo derivatives. We consider
subordinated fractional resolvent families generated by multivalued linear
operators, which do have removable singularities at the origin. Semi-linear
degenerate fractional Cauchy problems are also considered in this context.
Distance spectrum and energy of graphs with small diameter
Authors: Andjelic Milica , Koledin Tamara , Stanic Zoran
Published: May 2017

In this paper we express the distance spectrum of graphs with small diameter
in terms of the eigenvalues of their adjacency matrix. We also compute the
distance energy of particular types of graph and determine a sequence of
infinite families of distance equienergetic graphs.
Construction of Gaussian quadrature formulas for even weight functions
Authors: Masjed-Jamei Mohammad , Milovanovic Gradimir
Published: May 2017

Instead of a quadrature rule of Gaussian type with respect to an even weight
function on (?a, a) with n nodes, we construct the corresponding Gaussian
formula on (0, a2) with only [(n+1)/2] nodes. Especially, such a procedure is
important in the cases of nonclassical weight functions, when the elements of
the corresponding three-diagonal Jacobi matrix must be constructed
numerically. In this manner, the influence of numerical instabilities in the
process of construction can be significantly reduced, because the dimension
of the Jacobi matrix is halved. We apply this approach to Pollaczek?s type
weight functions on (?1, 1), to the weight functions on R which appear in the
Abel-Plana summation processes, as well as to a class of weight functions
with four free parameters, which covers the generalized ultraspherical and
Hermite weights. Some numerical examples are also included.
Evaluation of the Wire-Guard Arrangements in Overhead Distribution Feeders Against Lightning.
Authors: Roberto J. Cabral  , Daniel S. Gazzana  , Roberto C. Leborgne  , Arturo S. Bretas  , Guilherme A. D. Dias  , Marcos Telló
Published: May 2017

This paper analyses the influence of wire-guard in distribution power systems subjected to a lightning surge. A real feeder was considered as a case study using ATP-EMTP software. The study compares the performance of the actual unprotected distribution line with a proposed shielded configuration. The simulation results show that the wire-guard can improve the immunity and power quality of distribution system against lightning.
Study of the behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) under the action of electric field using semi-empirical methods (PM3)
Authors: Elson C. Santos  , Rafael M. E. Santo  , Danilo C. Pedrelli  , Julio C.N. Aires  , Teodorico C. Ramalho  , Gunar  V.S. Mota  , Antonio M.J.C. Neto
Published: May 2017

Piezoelectric material has the property of converting energy from the mechanical pressure of an external body into electrical energy on the piezo-structure, providing a strong potential source for renewable energy. Our aim in this article is to explore the properties of polyvinylidene fluoride polymer under the influence of an electric field. In sense to understand the behavior of integer polymer, we started to simulate the optimization of several small sizes (monomer, dimmer, trimer and tetramer) of this polymers subjected to uniform electric fields in the direction of the electric dipole applying a external electric field and analyzing the displacement of electrical charges. For this optimization of this polymer we used PM3 semi-empirical methods applying electric field applications. These results elucidate the behavior of electrical charges of an organic piezoelectric material under the action of external and uniform electric field.
Analysis and evaluation of energy efficiency of a shrinkwrap-packer
Authors: M. Rinaldi  , G. Ferretti  , R. Montanari  , E. Bottani  , G. Vignali  , F. Solari  , M. Armenzoni  , D. Marchini
Published: May 2017

Since some years, European companies are interested in the issue of energy saving. In such context, a classification of industrial machines from the energetic point of view is becoming more and more important; currently, in the industrial context, no similar classifications exist. The aim of this work is to formulate a standard method to evaluate the energy performance of an industrial machine, such as a shrinkwrap-packer. To this purpose, we studied a shrinkwrap-packer produced by OCME S.r.l, a mechanical machinery company located in Parma (Italy). Specifically, the shrinkwrap-packer was analyzed in terms of energy dissipations and other aspects related to the energy source utilized to power the oven. As a result, we propose a general procedure that allows to compare different solutions from different perspectives related to energy efficiency. More precisely, we include three key performance indicators (KPIs) of energy efficiency, to build a comprehensive evaluation model. The first KPI concerns the energy efficiency class of the oven, the second KPI takes into account the impact of the oven on the work environment and the third one is an index of degradation of the energy resource utilized. A Global Index of Energy Efficiency (GI) is finally computed as the area of a triangle represented on a radar diagram on three axes, one for each KPI.
PREDICTION OF SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION IN TURBOCHARGED DIESEL ENGINES UNDER PARTIAL LOAD PERFORMANCE
Authors: L. Corredor  , A. Escobar  , I. Portnoy  , E. Vélez
Published: May 2017

It is known that the performance of Diesel engine at partial load is different from the performance at full load, but engines manufacturers usually provide only the operation characteristics in the highest efficiency condition. In order to determine the Diesel engine performance at all operation condition an investigation has been conducted. The purpose is to develop a theoretical model based on the iso-consumption curve of the IVECO 8360.46.417 Diesel engine that allows predicting the refuse trucks engine consumption used in this work. With the curve and the information provided by the manufacturer the prediction of the specific consumption and performance of a refuse truck turbocharged engine fueled by Diesel was made using a two-variables regression with a third grade polynomial approximation. The result is a third grade polynomial that allows the specific consumption calculation depending on the torque and the engine speed.
Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Gearless Variable-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Energy Conversion System
Authors: M. I. Marei  , H. S. K. El-Goharey
Published: May 2017

This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of a gearless variable-speed Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) based on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). Models and equation that describe different components of the WECS are addressed and their implementations into PSCAD/EMTDC are described. The control system of the back to back converters is developed for capturing the maximum energy from varying wind speed, regulating the DC-link voltage at a constant value, and maintaining reactive power generation at a pre-determined level which is zero in this study. Moreover, the pitch-angle controller is designed to regulate the machine speed at its rated value for high wind velocities. Simulation is performed in PSCAD/EMTDC software to evaluate the performance of different controllers and to study the dynamic behavior of the gearless WECS under varying wind speeds. This modeling study can be used for evaluating the control scheme, dynamic performance and impacts of a variable-speed WECS on the electrical grids.