bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A single intra-articular dose of vitamin D analog calcipotriol alleviates synovitis without adverse effects in rats
Authors: Huhtakangas Johanna A. , Huovinen Jere , Laaksonen Sakari , Voipio Hanna-Marja , Vuolteenaho Olli , Finnilä Mikko A. J. , Thevenot Jérôme , Lehenkari Petri P.
Published: April 2021

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 and its derivatives have shown anti-arthritic and chondroprotective effects in experimental animal models with prophylactic dosing. The purpose of this preliminary study was to test the efficacy and safety of calcipotriol, vitamin D analog, as a treatment for a fully-developed knee arthritis in Zymosan-induced arthritis (ZIA) model. Forty 5-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three arthritis groups and a non-arthritic control group with no injections (10 rats/group). A day after Zymosan (0.1 mg) had been administrated into the right knee joints, the same knees were injected with calcipotriol (0.1 mg/kg), dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle in a 100 μl volume. The left control knees were injected with saline (PBS) on two consecutive days. All injections, blood sampling and measurements were performed under general anesthesia on days 0, 1, 3 and 8. Internal organs and knees were harvested on day 8 and the histology of the whole knees was assessed blinded. Joints treated with calcipotriol showed a milder histological synovitis than those treated with vehicle (p = 0.041), but there was no statistically significant difference between the dexamethasone and vehicle groups. The clinical severity of arthritis did not differ between the arthritis groups measured by body temperature, swelling of the knee, thermal imaging, clinical scoring or cytokine levels on days 1, 3 and 8. Weight loss was bigger in rats treated with dexamethasone, propably due to loss of appetite,compared to other arthritis groups on days 2–3 (p<0.05). Study drugs did not influence serum calcium ion and glucose levels. Taken together, this preliminary study shows that a single intra-articular injection of calcipotriol reduces histological grade of synovitis a week after the local injection, but dexamethasone did not differ from the vehicle. Calcipotriol may have an early disease-modifying effect in the rat ZIA model without obvious side effects.
Predicting the animal hosts of coronaviruses from compositional biases of spike protein and whole genome sequences through machine learning
Authors: Brierley Liam , Fowler Anna
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the serious potential for novel zoonotic coronaviruses to emerge and cause major outbreaks. The immediate animal origin of the causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, remains unknown, a notoriously challenging task for emerging disease investigations. Coevolution with hosts leads to specific evolutionary signatures within viral genomes that can inform likely animal origins. We obtained a set of 650 spike protein and 511 whole genome nucleotide sequences from 222 and 185 viruses belonging to the familyCoronaviridae, respectively. We then trained random forest models independently on genome composition biases of spike protein and whole genome sequences, including dinucleotide and codon usage biases in order to predict animal host (of nine possible categories, including human). In hold-one-out cross-validation, predictive accuracy on unseen coronaviruses consistently reached ~73%, indicating evolutionary signal in spike proteins to be just as informative as whole genome sequences. However, different composition biases were informative in each case. Applying optimised random forest models to classify human sequences of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV revealed evolutionary signatures consistent with their recognised intermediate hosts (camelids, carnivores), while human sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were predicted as having bat hosts (suborder Yinpterochiroptera), supporting bats as the suspected origins of the current pandemic. In addition to phylogeny, variation in genome composition can act as an informative approach to predict emerging virus traits as soon as sequences are available. More widely, this work demonstrates the potential in combining genetic resources with machine learning algorithms to address long-standing challenges in emerging infectious diseases.
Let’s dance: Diversified depictions of queerness in ensemble dance music videos
Authors: Loji A. C.
Published: April 2021

As delineations of queer and LGBT culture continue to be complicated in academic and community settings, queer musicians are pushing the boundaries of their own gestural expression within their music videos and utilizing the medium of dance to further broaden their self-definitions. Using choreographed group dance, a common convention in mainstream music videos, Sam Smith, Janelle Monáe and Christine and the Queens (and their production teams) make particular creative choices that allow them to expand expressions of identity and solidarity within both the queer community and society at large. In this article, I employ detailed analysis of the aesthetic qualities of three music videos and synthesis of scholarly perspectives as they relate to queer expression to argue that the creative freedom and collaboration inherent to the ensemble dance form provide a rich platform through which these artists can experiment with fluid conceptions of their identities and bring to popular culture the kinds of non-determinative outlooks explored in conceptualizations of queer theory.
A cobertura jornalística do cinema
Authors: Lourenço Jaime , Centeno Maria João
Published: April 2021

No âmbito da investigação de doutoramento, financiada pela FCT, procuramos identificar e problematizar os géneros jornalísticos da cobertura jornalística ao cinema realizada pelos principais media portugueses ao longo do ano de 2019.
O Jornalismo de Cinema constitui um objecto de estudo ainda muito pouco explorado pelas ciências sociais e da comunicação. Encarado como um subgénero do jornalismo cultural, o Jornalismo de Cinema assume-se como um campo de sentido informativo, crítico e reflexivo.
O presente artigo procura, a partir de uma análise de conteúdo às páginas impressas e online dos principais órgãos de comunicação social portugueses (Correio da Manhã, Diário de Notícias, Expresso, Jornal de Notícias, Observador e Público) e das páginas online dos programas Cinemax, da Antena3 e Cinebox, da TVI24, identificar e problematizar os géneros jornalísticos da cobertura ao cinema realizada por estes órgãos durante o ano de 2019. Neste sentido, procuramos analisar os géneros jornalísticos utilizados, tendo em conta os temas abordados, o estilo discursivo, os protagonistas ou as opções multimédia utilizadas nas páginas online.
Plataformas digitais enquanto fontes de informação
Authors: Pedro Sebastião Sónia , Viegas Luís
Published: April 2021

O capitalismo informacional e a ubiquidade tecnológica conduzem ao aumento de fontes de informação que criam diversidade de escolhas para o indivíduo para a satisfação das suas necessidades e desejos. Este é um estudo de caso da plataforma digital Comunidade Cultura e Arte, autodefinida como uma plataforma de distribuição e/ou de acesso de conteúdos de cariz informativo. Neste sentido, efetua-se a observação direta e a análise de conteúdo a todas as publicações da plataforma no mês de janeiro de 2020, e aplica-se um inquérito por questionário aos seus leitores (n=1525), procurando compreender o que motiva os leitores a utilizar esta plataforma como fonte de informação. Os resultados destacam elementos do processo de produção e difusão de conteúdos, que contribuem para a experiência dos leitores, entre outros: a unicidade do projeto editorial, com uma diversidade de conteúdos culturais e artísticos, a presença em plataformas de redes sociais online e a linguagem utilizada.
Las narrativas del populismo reaccionario
Authors: Paulino Fernando Oliveira , Waisbord Silvio
Published: April 2021

O artigo apresenta reflexão conceitual e análise de postagens publicadas no Twitter (@jairbolsonaro) em abril de 2020, período de pandemia do Covid 19. A maioria dos conteúdos publicados (mais de 76%) referem-se a anúncios de ações desenvolvidas pelo governo brasileiro. O interesse dos autores também foi categorizar os eixos temáticos das demais postagens que apresentam conteúdos com elementos estruturais dos conteúdos divulgados pelo presidente do Brasil nos quais foi possível observar referências populistas. Como características populistas dos tweets de Bolsonaro destacam-se suas postagens relacionadas a disputa entre povo e elite (com seu anúncio de porta-voz de interesses populares e o uso de referências religiosas) e suas críticas a instituições produtoras de conhecimento, exemplificadas por críticas a ações da mídia, dos jornalistas e da OMS.
Pediatric SOFA score for detecting sepsis in children
Authors: Aulia Muhammad , Triratna Silvia , Iriani Yulia , Bakri Achirul , Saputra Indra
Published: April 2021

Background The pediatric logistic organ dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2) score is recommended by the Indonesian Pediatric Society Emergency and Intensive Care Working Group as an indicator of life-threatening organ dysfunction for sepsis in children. However, The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) recommended the Sequential (Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in determining life-threatening organ dysfunction, which has not been adjusted for pediatric patients.

Objective To assess the accuracy of the pediatric SOFA score in diagnosing sepsis in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, South Sumatera.

Methods The study was conducted in children with organ dysfunction caused by infection admitted in PICU, from April to December 2019. Subjects were included by consecutive sampling, according to the following inclusion criteria: all patients aged 1 month to 18 years who met organ dysfunction and two SIRS criteria, with infection according to the 2005 PSCC criteria. Laboratory tests performed included complete blood count (CBC), blood gas analysis, measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), liver and kidney function tests. In all patients, pSOFA and PELOD-2 scores were calculated within 24 hours of admission. We compared the accuracy of pSOFA score to PELOD-2 score ≥ 11.  

Results Of 108 subjects, there were 59 males and 49 females, with median age 11 (range 1-193) months. We compared the accuracy of pSOFA score to PELOD-2 score ≥ 11 and obtained a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 79.5%, for pSOFA cut-off score ≥ 8. Pediatric SOFA score cutoff ≥ 8 was determined by receiver operating curve (ROC). The area under the curve (AUC) for pediatric SOFA score was 93.9% (95%CI 89.7 to 98.0%).

Conclusion Pediatric SOFA score ≥ 8 is the optimal cut-off for predicting life-threatening organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis. Multicenter revalidation is needed to find the most optimal cut-off point for general use in Indonesia.
New PELOD-2 cut-off score for predicting death in children with sepsis
Authors: Suari Ni Made Rini , Latief Abdul , Pudjiadi Antonius H.
Published: April 2021

Background According to the most recent Sepsis-3 Consensus, the definition of sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated immune system against infection. Currently, one of the most commonly used prognostic scoring system is pediatric logistic organ damage-2 (PELOD-2) score.

Objective To determine and validate the pediatric logistic organ dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2) cut-off score to predict mortality in pediatric sepsis patients.

Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in the intensive care units of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We assessed subjects with PELOD-2 and calculated the predicted death rate (PDR) using SFAR software. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used to evaluate calibration and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to estimate discrimination.

Results Of 2,735 children admitted to the emergency department, 52 met the inclusion criteria. Patients had various types of organ dysfunction: 53.8% respiratory, 28.8% neurological, 15.4% cardiovascular, 1.9% hematological. The mortality rate in this study was 38.5%. Mean PELOD-2 score was higher in patients who died than in those who survived [13.9 (SD 4.564) vs. 7.59 (SD 3.025), respectively, P=0.000]. The discrimination of PELOD-2 score with the lactate component had an AUC of 85.5% (95%CI 74.5 to 96.5), while PELOD-2 without lactate had an AUC of 85.4% (95%CI 74.5 to 96.3%). We propose a new PELOD-2 cut-off score to predict organ dysfunction and death of 10, with 75% sensitivity, 72% specificity, 62.5% PPV, and 82% NPV. PELOD-2 score > 10 had a moderate, statistically significant correlation to mortality (r=0.599; P<0.001).

Conclusion A PELOD-2 score > 10 is valid for predicting life-threatening organ dysfunction in pediatric patients with sepsis.
Psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on doctors’ children: are we heading towards a mental health pandemic?
Authors: Omer Riffat , Khan Humayun Iqbal , Masood Muhammad Khalid , Masood Najaf , Tahira Fatima
Published: April 2021

Background The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) may affect the behavior of children.

Non infected children of doctors seem to be susceptible to psychosocial health disorders.

Objective To assess the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children of doctors.

Methods This questionnaire-based survey filled up by doctors was done with the Pediatric Symptom Check List-17 (PSC-17) to assess the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on doctors’ children aged 10-15 years with no clinical evidence of being infected with coronavirus and possible  contributing factors to mental distress/psychosocial health disorders. A PSC -17 Score of ≥15 was considered as a significant indicator of suspected psychosocial impact.

Results Children’s mean age was 12.5 (SD 1.9) years, and 53.8% of them were male. Of 357 questionnaire responses, 36.1% had a significant PSC-17 score (>15) and a small, but significant inverse correlation was observed with age (r=-0.147; P=0.005).  More screen time than usual was perceived by doctors to be the most common potential contributing factor (63%) to their children’s psychosocial impact.

Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to leave lasting effects on children’s mental health. Parents should closely monitor children for any changes in psychosocial behavior, so that timely intervention can be considered. Psychosocial screening of children is needed and should be conducted at schools.
Teaching historical thinking and reasoning: Teacher beliefs
Authors: Gestsdóttir Súsanna Margrét , van Drie Jannet , van Boxtel Carla
Published: April 2021

This study aims to give an insight into the beliefs that shape history teachers’ orientations towards their subject and how they approach it. We take a closer look at the beliefs of a group of teachers to see if there is a connection between those beliefs and whether and how they teach historical thinking and reasoning (HTR). HTR has been considered an important component in history teaching in many countries for some decades. Different factors may influence whether teachers are willing or able to teach it. Our main research question is: Which beliefs about goals and strategies of teaching history play a role in teachers’ inclinations towards teaching historical thinking and reasoning?
Prediction of the peak Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia using SIR model
Authors: Wahyudi Bambang Ari , Palupi Irma
Published: April 2021

This research implements the Susceptible, Infected, and Removed (SIR) model to predict the Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia. The government official data, consisting of infected, dead, and recovered, are used as actual data to interpolate the model through matching data with minimum mean squared error (MSE). The study uses one of the Quasi-Newton search methods, the Broyden, Fletcher, Goldfarb, and Shanno (BFGS) algorithm, to determine the interaction coefficient's optimal value in the model with the minimum MSE value. Based on data as of July 18, 2020, it predicts that the peak of the infected number will be in October 2020 with around 14 % of the total population infected, and the MSE of 18.42 is relative to the period of the actual data. Meanwhile, the basic reproduction rate is calculated to be 2.035 from the model, where it is underestimated about 29 % compared to the relative basic reproduction rate from the provided actual data.
Design and fabrication of miniaturized tri-band frequency selective surface with polarization-independent and angularly stable response
Authors: Sampath Sayi Soundariya , Sivasamy Ramprabhu
Published: April 2021

A single-layer miniaturized tri-band frequency selective surface (FSS) for bandstop filtering applications has been proposed in this work. The metallic layer with four-branched meandered pattern connected in the center is engraved on a dielectric FR-4 substrate. The three stopbands operating at 2.6, 5.6, and 7.1 GHz provides −10 dB bandwidth of 437, 447, and 552 MHz respectively. The size of the unit cell is 0.067 λ∘ × 0.067 λ∘, where λ∘ is the wavelength of the first resonance frequency. As a figure of merit, the symmetric FSS structure provides the advantage of polarization independence. The proposed compact FSS structure exhibits a stable angular response up to 60° in TE and TM mode. Moreover, measurements obtained from the fabricated prototype are compared with the simulated results and are found to be in close agreement.
A review of some nonexplosive alternative methods to conventional rock blasting
Authors: Al-Bakri Ali , Hefni Mohammed
Published: April 2021

The conventional blasting rock excavation method is the main means of rock breakage because of its high productivity, and it is relatively inexpensive compared to other methods. However, it raises safety concerns and can negatively impact the environment. The major disturbances that may be induced by this method include flyrock, gas emissions, and vibrations. This review discusses some nonexplosive rock breakage methods, particularly the hydraulic splitter and expansive chemical agents, that can be employed instead of the conventional blasting method and analyzes their potential effectiveness in rock breakage. Hydraulic splitting machines and expansive chemical agents were studied in the context of the literature. This review showed that hard rock breaking can be executed effectively and safely using alternative methods, which have a wide range of advantages, including safe operation, ease of use, and environmental friendliness, over conventional explosive methods. Moreover, as modern nonexplosive methods, hydraulic splitting machines and expansive chemical agents can generate pressure of up to 43 and 30–44 MPa to induce stresses in rocks, respectively. Owing to safety and environmental restrictions on conventional blasting, the application scope of the modern methods can be increased in the future.
The impact of acid hydrolysis conditions on carbohydrate determination in lignocellulosic materials: a case study with Eucalyptus globulus bark
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo Jorge , Santos Bruna , Mota Maria J. , Pereira Susana R. , Branco Pedro C. , Pinto Paula C. R.
Published: April 2021

Lignocellulosic biomass represents a suitable feedstock for production of biofuels and bioproducts. Its chemical composition depends on many aspects (e.g. plant source, pre-processing) and it has impact on productivity of industrial bioprocesses. Numerous methodologies can be applied for biomass characterisation, with acid hydrolysis being a particularly relevant step. This study intended to assess the most suitable procedures for acid hydrolysis, taking Eucalyptus globulus bark as a case study. For that purpose, variation of temperature (90–120 °C) was evaluated over time (0–5 h), through monosaccharides and oligosaccharides contents and degradation. For glucose, the optimal conditions were 100 °C for 2.5 h, reaching a content of 48.6 wt.%. For xylose, the highest content (15.2 wt.%) was achieved at 90 °C for 2 h, or 120 °C for 0.5 h. Maximum concentrations of mannose and galactose (1.0 and 1.7 wt.%, respectively) were achieved at 90 and 100 °C (2–3.5 h) or at 120 °C (0.5–1 h). These results revealed that different hydrolysis conditions should be applied for different sugars. Using this approach, total sugar quantification in eucalyptus bark was increased by 4.3%, which would represent a 5% increase in the ethanol volume produced, considering a hypothetical bioethanol production yield. This reflects the importance of feedstock characterization on determination of economic viability of industrial processes.
Recovery of lactose from aqueous solution by application of ultrasound through millichannel
Authors: Sharma Daxa , Murthy Zagabathuni Venkata Panchakshari , Patel Sanjaykumar Rameshbhai
Published: April 2021

Instead of direct disposal of whey, extraction of valuable products from it may reduce the environmental pollution. In the present study, the effect of ultrasound irradiation through millichannel on recovery of lactose was investigated. The ultrasonic baths of varying amplitude (20–40%) and frequency (25–35 kHz), two different configurations of millichannel i.e., coil and serpentine, were used to know their individual and combined effect on the lactose yield. Box-Behnken design was employed to examine the interactive effect of different operating conditions. The recovery of lactose was enhanced approximately by 5–53% and induction time was reduced by 1.79–1.85 times in comparison to the conventional process. The size of the lactose crystals was reduced from 139.5 to 42.486 μm at 40% amplitude and 49.879 μm at 35 kHz frequency. Optimized condition showed 63% yield of lactose at 3.6 supersaturation, 35 kHz frequency, and 45 min of sonication time.
Chronic hypertension in pregnancy: synthesis of influential guidelines
Authors: Tsakiridis Ioannis , Giouleka Sonia , Arvanitaki Alexandra , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Giannakoulas George , Papazisis Georgios , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Dagklis Themistoklis
Published: April 2021

Chronic hypertension in pregnancy accounts for a substantial proportion of maternal morbidity and mortality and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, most of which can be mitigated by appropriate surveillance and management protocols. The aim of this study was to review and compare recommendations of published guidelines on this condition. Thus, a descriptive review of influential guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand, the International Society of Hypertension, the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy, the European Society of Cardiology, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists on chronic hypertension in pregnancy was conducted. All guidelines agree on the definition and medical management, the need for more frequent antenatal care and fetal surveillance and the re-evaluation at 6–8 weeks postpartum. There is also a consensus that the administration of low-dose aspirin is required to prevent preeclampsia, although the optimal dosage remains controversial. No universal agreement has been spotted regarding optimal treatment blood pressure (BP) targets, need for treating mild-to-moderate hypertension and postnatal BP measurements. Additionally, while the necessity of antenatal corticosteroids and magnesium sulfate for preterm delivery is universally recommended, the appropriate timing of delivery is not clearly outlined. Hence, there is a need to adopt consistent practice protocols to optimally manage these pregnancies; i.e. timely detect and treat any potential complications and subsequently reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.
Interactional means of teaming up: enacting the features of contemporary working life in a theater performance
Authors: Nissi Riikka , Stevanovic Melisa
Published: April 2021

The article examines how the aspects of the social world are enacted in a theater play. The data come from a videotaped performance of a professional theater, portraying a story about a workplace organization going through a personnel training program. The aim of the study is to show how the core theme of the play – the teaming up of the personnel – is constructed in the live performance through a range of interactional means. By focusing on four core episodes of the play, the study on the one hand points out to the multiple changes taking place both within and between the different episodes of the play. On the other hand, the episodes of collective action involving the semiotic resources of singing and dancing are shown to represent the ideals of teamwork in distinct ways. The study contributes to the understanding of socially and politically oriented theater as a distinct, pre-rehearsed social setting and the means and practices that it deploys when enacting the aspects of the contemporary societal issues.
Creep-Fatigue Behavior of a Newly Developed Ultra-Supercritical Steam Turbine Grade Nickel-Based Superalloy, HAYNES 282
Authors: Mukherjee Shreya , Barat Kaustav , Tarafder Soumitra , Sivaprasad S. , Kar Sujoy Kumar
Published: April 2021

Most engineering components used in gas/steam turbines are exposed to a range of complex loading conditions resulting from startup and shutdown procedures. These loading conditions involve superimposition of time-dependent creep on cyclic fatigue and can be simulated by properly designed high-temperature creep-fatigue tests. Creep-fatigue interaction is a function of duration and position of dwell in the loading waveform, and the material microstructure. The objective of this work is to investigate the creep-fatigue interaction response of a newly developed γ′-strengthened wrought nickel-based superalloy (HAYNES 282), which has a potential application in advanced ultra-supercritical steam turbines. Creep-fatigue tests are conducted at 760°C with strain dwell either at tensile peak or compressive peak or at both tensile and compressive peak positions for different dwell times of 100 and 1,000 s. The test results are analyzed with respect to evolutions of peak stress, stress amplitude, stress relaxation, hysteresis loop, inelastic strain energy density, and degree of softening. Degree of softening is found to increase with dwell position at tensile, compressive, and both peaks in that order. Tests with dwell at both tensile and compressive peak positions are found to be the most damaging, showing the least life. Between tensile dwell and compressive dwell tests, interestingly, those with compressive dwell show a significantly reduced life. Increasing dwell time aggravates the damaging effect manifold. The mechanism of fracture at the end of life is illustrated with fractographic characterization.
Calcineurin Activity Is Increased in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B Demyelinating Neuropathy
Authors: Sidoli Mariapaola , Reed Chelsey B. , Scapin Cristina , Paez Pablo , Cavener Douglas R. , Kaufman Randal J. , D'Antonio Maurizio , Feltri M. Laura , Wrabetz Lawrence
Published: April 2021

Schwann cells produce a considerable amount of lipids and proteins to form myelin in the PNS. For this reason, the quality control of myelin proteins is crucial to ensure proper myelin synthesis. Deletion of serine 63 from P0 (P0S63del) protein in myelin forming Schwann cells causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B neuropathy in humans and mice. Misfolded P0S63del accumulates in the ER of Schwann cells where it elicits the unfolded protein response (UPR). PERK is the UPR transducer that attenuates global translation and reduces ER stress by phosphorylating the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha. Paradoxically,Perkablation in P0S63del Schwann cells (S63del/PerkSCKO) reduced the level of P-eIF2alpha, leaving UPR markers upregulated, yet unexpectedly improved S63del myelin defectsin vivo. We therefore investigated the hypothesis that PERK may interfere with signals outside of the UPR and specifically with calcineurin/NFATc4 pro-myelinating pathway. Using mouse genetics including females and males in our experimental setting, we show that PERK and calcineurin interact in P0S63del nerves and that calcineurin activity and NFATc4 nuclear localization are increased in S63del Schwann cells, without altering EGR2/KROX20 expression. Moreover, genetic manipulation of the calcineurin subunits appears to be either protective or toxic in S63del in a context-dependent manner, suggesting that Schwann cells are highly sensitive to alterations of calcineurin activity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur work shows a novel activity and function for calcineurin in Schwann cells in the context of ER stress. Schwann cells expressing the S63del mutation in P0 protein induce the unfolded protein response and upregulate calcineurin activity. Calcineurin interacts with the ER stress transducer PERK, but the relationship between the UPR and calcineurin in Schwann cells is unclear. Here we propose a protective role for calcineurin in S63del neuropathy, although Schwann cells appear to be very sensitive to its regulation. The paper uncovers a new important role for calcineurin in a demyelinating diseases.
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs: a fairytale for endocrinologists
Authors: Zervas Athanasios , Chrousos George , Livadas Sarantis
Published: April 2021

‘Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs’, a fairytale that is widely known across the Western world, was originally written by the Brothers Grimm, and published in 1812 as ‘Snow White’. Though each dwarf was first given an individual name in the 1912 Broadway play, in Walt Disney’s 1937 film ‘Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs’, they were renamed, and the dwarfs have become household names. It is well known that myths, fables, and fairytales, though appearing to be merely children’s tales about fictional magical beings and places, have, more often than not, originated from real facts. Therefore, the presence of the seven brothers with short stature in the story is, from an endocrinological point of view, highly intriguing, in fact, thrilling. The diversity of the phenotypes among the seven dwarfs is also stimulating, although puzzling. We undertook a differential diagnosis of their common underlying disorder based on the original Disney production’s drawings and the unique characteristics of these little gentlemen, while we additionally evaluated several causes of short stature and, focusing on endocrine disorders that could lead to these clinical features among siblings, we have, we believe, been able to reveal the underlying disease depicted in this archetypal tale.
Exploring the Tourism-Poverty Alleviation Nexus in the Brics Groupof Nations
Authors: Garidzirai Rufaro , Matiza Tafadzwa
Published: April 2021

The tourism-poverty alleviation nexus is becoming an increasingly significant subject of academic inquiry within the tourism economics discourse. Using time series data from the World Bank (1995–2017) in a P-ARDL model, the present study explores the relationship between tourism (receipts from exports, the travel subsector, hospitality and accommodation subsector) and poverty alleviation (final household consumption) with tourism arrivals as the control variable within the context of the BRICS group. The results suggest that receipts from the travel subsector and exports met the a priori expectation – positively influencing poverty alleviation within BRICS nations in the long run. Contrastingly, receipts from the hospitality and accommodation subsector did not meet the a priori expectation of a positive sign, with the results indicating statistical insignificance in the long run. However, receipts from the hospitality and accommodation were found to only influence poverty alleviation in the short run. Relatedly, the results suggest that increases in consumption associated with growth in tourism arrivals did not influence poverty in the BRICS. The results point to the heterogeneity of the influence of tourism on poverty alleviation, whereby certain dimensions of tourism contribute to poverty alleviation in the long run and others do so in the short run. Based on these findings it is recommended that BRICS countries harness their tourism potential and promote intra-BRICS tourism to maximise the positive impact of travel and tourism export receipts on household consumption, which catalyses poverty alleviation.
The Great Aksumite Decorated Stelae: Architectural Characteristics, Functions, and Meanings
Authors: Manzo Andrea
Published: April 2021

The article presents a review of the architectural and iconographic features of the big decorated Aksumite stelae in the May Ḥǝǧǧa stelae field at Aksum. Their location in the urban setting of ancient Aksum is scrutinized alongside their ceremonial and ideological function. The origin and meaning of the different features and decorative patterns characterizing the stelae are focused upon. It is suggested that these attributes may reflect ideological traits regarded as crucial by the Askumite kings and the elite in the first centuries CE. Moreover, it is demonstrated how some of these features are rooted in the local traditions, while others are related to the intense interactions the ancient Aksum had with neighbouring regions, such as the Mediterranean area and South Arabia. In particular, a new interpretation is proposed for the very distinctive outline of the top of the monuments: it may have been shaped after a specific type of shield also occurring in Meroitic and Post-Meroitic Nubia. Finally, it is suggested that the role these monuments may have played in ceremonies aimed at shaping the Aksumite identity.
The Semantics of Locative Adpositions in Amharic
Authors: Asaye Gashaw Arutie
Published: April 2021

This paper intends to describe the semantics of locative adpositions in Amharic, a Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia. The analysis is based on elicited data that were collected by using Bowerman and Pederson’s (1992) topological relations picture series. The study shows that Amharic locative adpositions can convey specific and generic topological relations between the figure and ground entities. The specific locatives show a specific type of topological relations (for instance, verticality as in tatʃtʃ, below’, ‘under’; horizontality as in fit, ‘front’; containment as in wɨst’, ‘in’) between the figure and ground entities, but not the generic locatives. Aside from which, I argue that Amharic does not fit into Ameka and Levinson’s (2007) typology of locative predicates and constitutes a type of its own because it uses two copulas and a locative verb.
Words that Burn: On the Manners and Implications of Oath-Taking Practices in Ethiopian Amhara Customary Law, Nineteenth–Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Ficquet Éloi
Published: April 2021

Between the spoken word, ritual action, and legal processes, the studies of oath-taking practices have developed a broad literature. This article provides an additional layer of materials and analysis on speech acts and ritual procedures involved in the manners of taking an oath in the Christian societies of Ethiopia, as recorded from the midnineteenth century to the early twentieth century. Some samples of Amharic discourse specific to the manners of oath-taking in the customary legal system of Christian Ethiopia are presented here through extracts from unpublished field notes recorded in the 1840s by the French traveller Arnauld d’Abbadie. This source is then compared to other ethnographic observations of oath-taking statements and rituals in the context of Ethiopian Christian societies. The implications of swearing an oath in Ethiopian customary law lead to the critical re-examination of the history of Ethiopian law in a comparative outlook, particularly with the canonical laws of Eastern and Western Europe.
Mario Di Salvo, The Basilicas of Ethiopia: An Architectural History
Authors: Sernicola Luisa
Published: April 2021

Book Review
Microbial repellence properties of engineered spider silk coatings prevent biofilm formation of opportunistic bacterial strains
Authors: Sommer Christoph , Bargel Hendrik , Raßmann Nadine , Scheibel Thomas
Published: April 2021

Bacterial infections are well recognised to be one of the most important current public health problems. Inhibiting adhesion of microbes on biomaterials is one approach for preventing inflammation. Coatings made of recombinant spider silk proteins based on the consensus sequence of Araneus diadematus dragline silk fibroin 4 have previously shown microbe-repellent properties. Concerning silicone implants, it has been further shown that spider silk coatings are effective in lowering the risk of capsular fibrosis. Here, microbial repellence tests using four opportunistic infection-related strains revealed additional insights into the microbe-repellent properties of spider silk-coated implants, exemplarily shown for silicone surfaces.

Graphic Abstract
Удосконалення сервісу на підприємствах індустрії гостинності шляхом проектування дегустаційних залів
Authors: Ряшко Г. М. , Асауленко Н. В. , Новічкова Т. П.
Published: April 2021

Стаття розглядає сучасні тенденції щодо зростання інтересу до гастрономічного туризму вза-галі та до дегустаційних залів зокрема. Заклади індустрії гостинності готові до впровадження сервіс-них інновацій однією з яких є створення дегустаційного залу та розробка низки додаткових послуг.Створення дегустаційних залів на підприємствах індустрії гостинності дозволяє проводити моносорто-ві дегустації, порівнювати продукцію різних виробників, що не можливо в дегустаційних залах, розта-шованих на виробничих підприємствах. Дегустаційна зала в складі підприємства індустрії гостинностістає джерелом додаткового прибутку за рахунок розширення сервісних послуг закладу. Розглянуторекомендації щодо створення дегустаційних залів на виробничих підприємствах. Наведено схему вза-ємозв’язку приміщень дегустаційної зали в складі підприємства індустрії гостинності. Розроблено ре-комендації щодо проектування та дизайну дегустаційних залів, розташованих на підприємствах індус-трії гостинності.
Статистична оцінка формування зовнішньої торгівлі України готовими харчовими продуктами
Authors: Антонюк П. О. , Антонюк О. П. , Ступницька Т. М. , Баранюк Х. О.
Published: April 2021

В статті розглянуто сучасний стан зовнішньої торгівлі готовими харчовими продуктами на ос-нові методів і прийомів статистичного аналізу. В основу дослідження покладено поділ готових харчо-вих продуктів на дві групи в залежності від характеру їх кінцевого споживання. Досліджено товарну тагеографічну структури експорту та імпорту готових харчових продуктів з точки зору значення товарівназваних двох груп в зовнішньоторговельному обороті. Проведено порівняльний аналіз обсягів експо-рту та імпорту в розрізі продуктів харчування – товарні групи 16-22, та товарні групи 23-24, що не яв-ляються такими. Зроблено висновки, що в експорті готових харчових продуктів переважають товари,що не є продуктами харчування людей. Натомість в імпорті переважають саме продукти харчуваннялюдей, що свідчить про наявність певних проблем в забезпеченні внутрішнього ринку цими товарами.Встановлено характер впливу цих двох типів товарних груп на формування торговельного сальдо, таоснові причини перевищення вартості імпорту над експортом. У висновках представлено рекомендаціїстосовно можливостей зростання експорту готових харчових продуктів та зменшення від’ємного саль-до.
Resumen en extenso: Afectaciones histológicas asociadas a la incidencia de Imposex en Plicopurpura pansa (Gould, 1853) después de un experimento de trasplante en tres zonas costeras de Sinaloa México
Authors: Coloquio de Nutrigenómica y Biotecnología Acuícola CONYBA
Published: April 2021

Memorias del 3er Coloquio de Nutrigenómica y Biotecnología Acuícola 2020
Resumen en extenso: Estrés nutricional en peces y los nuevos desafíos de la nutrición
Authors: Coloquio de Nutrigenómica y Biotecnología Acuícola CONYBA
Published: April 2021

Memorias del 3er Coloquio de Nutrigenómica y Biotecnología Acuícola 2020
Resumen en extenso: Evolución del genoma en lenguado y su aplicación en acuicultura para mejorar la producción
Authors: Coloquio de Nutrigenómica y Biotecnología Acuícola CONYBA
Published: April 2021

Memorias del 3er Coloquio de Nutrigenómica y Biotecnología Acuícola 2020 (CONYBA)
The regions of Russia: specifics of socio-economic development
Authors: Pozdnyakova Tat’yana
Published: April 2021

The Federal District, as the highest link in the economic zoning of the Russian Federation, is the most important element of the national economic system, which largely determines the features of its functioning. The article provides an overview of the internal differences of the federal districts of the Russian Federation in terms of gross regional product. This indicator is one of the most important indicators of the specificity of the socio-economic development of the regions, and also, to a certain extent, reflects the possibility of their balanced functioning.
Based on the official data presented on the website of the Federal State Statistics Service, the federal districts of Russia were ranked according to the indicator under study and their typology was presented. Within the framework of this typology, groups are identified that reflect the differences between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the distribution of gross regional product per capita in federal districts with its value above or below the average Russian level, respectively.
Within each federal district, entities with maximum and minimum values of gross regional product per capita were identified. On this basis, an intra-district imbalance coefficient is calculated, reflecting the degree of the gap in the levels of socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation within the corresponding federal district. A brief description of the federal districts belonging to two different types is given in terms of the balance of their socio-economic development. The general trend of dependence of the coefficient of intra-district imbalance on the level of regional development is shown. There are some features that need to be taken into account when formulating development programmes and strategies at the federal district gape.
Clinical overview for pediatric population with SARS-CoV-2 and care: review
Authors: Martins Lucas Amaral , Santos Deisy Vital dos , Marques Patrícia Figueiredo , Silva Elaine Andrade Leal , Castro Caroline Tianeze de , Santos Djanilson Barbosa dos , Camargo Climene Laura de
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify in the scientific literature the clinical overview of the pediatric population that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and care recommendations and recommendations among children who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the scientific literature. Method: Rapid review based on the guidelines of the Joana Briggs Institute: elaboration of the research question, structured search of the literature in April 2020, in nine databases, selection and critical analysis of the eighteen primary studies (using two instruments to assess methodological quality), elaboration of the synthesis, incorporation of suggestions and dissemination. Result: The most frequent clinical overview was respiratory, gastrointestinal symptoms and fever. The images showed irregular frosted glass opacification. It is recommended to screen the pediatric population and family members who show signs and symptoms and to adopt isolation for more than fourteen days. Conclusion: The clinical overview in pediatric population is varied, not exclusively with respiratory symptoms, and a significant number of asymptomatic patients. The importance of new investigations is highlighted, such as randomized clinical trial or cohort studies, identifying their participation in the transmission of COVID-19.
Evolução dos cadastros individuais no SISAB a partir do novo financiamento da Atenção Básica: Um estudo descritivo
Authors: Lopes Síntique Priscila Alves , Moreira Marcela Beatriz Aguiar , Almeida Michele Alcântara de , Araújo Juliana de Sousa , Figueiredo Laís Gomes Martins , Araújo Bianca Lis Souza , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira
Published: April 2021

Compreende-se que o novo financiamento da Atenção Básica através do Previne Brasil instituído em novembro de 2019, implicou na necessidade de cadastros individuais como premissa para repasse de recursos aos municípios. Neste ínterim, ressalta-se que este estudo pretende evidenciar a evolução do número de cadastros individuais do e-SUS AB entre os estados do Nordeste no período entre o terceiro quadrimestre de 2019 (2019Q3) e o terceiro quadrimestre de 2020 (2020Q3). Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo de natureza quantitativa, pautado em dados secundários coletados do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica, entre fevereiro e março de 2021. Ao analisar os resultados, aquele estado que apresentou maior evolução no número de cadastros foi a Bahia com percentual equivalente a 7,12%, enquanto que apenas o Ceará não apresentou crescimento no número de cadastros. Os outros estados que compõem a região Nordeste, não apresentaram crescimento superior a 4%. Em um ano de implantação do Programa, observou-se que a evolução dos cadastros ainda é incipiente, sendo necessárias novas investigações junto aos municípios a fim de serem levantadas estratégias para incremento dos cadastros individuais e por conseguinte manutenção do custeio da Atenção Primária à Saúde.
Оксюморон по форме и содержанию: дискурсивные механизмы пассивной агрессии
Authors: Быстрых А. В. , Высоцкая Е. И.
Published: April 2021

Предлагаемая статья обращается к проблеме лингвистической трактовки пассивно-агрессивного стиля общения – дискурсивной практики, широко и глубоко проникшей во многие сферы межличностного общения. В качестве изучаемого дискурсивного контекста бытования пассивной агрессии выбирается семейный дискурс в силу априори заложенной в нем маркированной властной иерархии коммуникантов и конфронтации между поколениями, а также его ориентации на формирование сообществ практики – неформальных групп коммуникантов, совместно вырабатывающих уникальные нормы дискурсивного поведения в виде обоюдных ожиданий относительно приемлемости того или иного поведения в данной группе. Анализ исследованного корпуса показывает, что пассивная агрессия реализуется за счет реконтекстуализации, как правило, маркировано вежливых форм в ситуацию нарастающего антагонизма между собеседниками. При этом прагматические установки говорящего обнаруживают противоречие: реализуемые стратегии ликосбережения, нацеленные на учет интересов лица собеседника, вступают в конфликт с установкой на подрыв межличностной гармонии. Независимо от позиции на вертикали власти, пассивный агрессор выступает в роли манипулятора, нацеленного на дестабилизацию гармонии межличностных отношений. Являясь исключительно контекстно мотивированной формой дискурсивного поведения, пассивно-агрессивный стиль общения не обнаруживает однозначных текстовых и метатекстовых маркеров, что с необходимостью предполагает учет паравербальных характеристик речи.