bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Zingiber officinale Extract Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Ratcharin N. , Wongtrakul P. , Indranupakorn Ratana
Published: June 2012

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded ginger extract were prepared by microemulsion technique. The nanoparticles were composed of stearic acid as solid lipids, Cremophor RH 40 as surfactant and ethanol as co-surfactant. It was found that variation in the amount of surfactant and co-surfactant had profound effects on the mean particle size, the drug entrapment efficiency and loading capacity. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed the spherical nature of the particles. The mean particle size of SLNs ranging between 453.1 and 551.7 nm were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading capacity (LC) determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) found to be in the range of 85.2390.07% and 1.411.49%, respectively.
Novel Flexible NH3 Gas Sensor Prepared by Ink-Jet Printing Technique
Authors: Wongchoosuk C. , Jangtawee P. , Lokavee P. , Udomrat S. , Sudkeaw P. , Kerdcharoen Teerakiat
Published: June 2012

We have fabricated a low-cost and flexible NH3 gas sensor using thermal ink-jet printing. The poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonated acid (PEDOT/PSS) with thickness of ~ 2 μm was used as a sensing film. The interdigitated electrode using patterned aluminum plate was attached over the sensing film. Atomic force microscopy results show the high homogeneous film and only small roughness is presented on the sensing film. This sensor exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity to NH3 at room temperature. The sensor response works linearly with gas concentrations between 100-1000 ppm. The modulation of conducting polymer/metal electrode interface plays a role in the sensing mechanism of NH3. Changes in the position of interdigitated electrodes can change the dominant sensing mechanism of typical polymer gas sensor.
Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Antioxidant Activities of Curcuma petiolata Roxb. Rhizomes
Authors: Thakam A. , Saewan N.
Published: June 2012

Pulverized rhizome of Curcuma peliolata on hydrodistillation, afforded light yellow essential oil in the yield of 0.13% v/w. The chemical constituent of the essential oil was determined by GC-MS. Nine compounds representing 95.34 % of the total oil were identified. The major compounds of the oil were 2-methyl-5-pentanol, 1H-pyrrol-1-amine,2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-n,n,5-trimethyl, and curcumol. The distillated aqueous was extracted with dicloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol. The DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power of the extracts were investigated. Curcumin and ascorbic acid were used as standard references. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was decrease in order: curcumin ascorbic acid EtOAc extract > DCM extract > n-butanol extract > aqueous extract. The EtOAc extract showed significantly highest inhibition of the radical scavenging activity with IC50 0.092 ± 0.001 mg/mL (curcumin and ascorbic acid (IC50 0.012 and 0.013 mg/mL, respectively (P<0.05)). While, the DCM extract showed highest reducing power with IC50 = 0.271 mg/mL which lower than that of standard curcumin (IC50 = 0.013 mg/mL) and ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.002 mg/mL).Introduction
Film Formation of Inclusion Complexes between Acetyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin and Chitosan
Authors: Taweepreda Wirach , Wanichapichart Pikul
Published: June 2012

In this research, the films which were prepared from inclusion complexes (ICs) of acetyl-beta-cyclodextrin (Acetyl-β-CD) with chitosan were characterized and the membrane properties were investigated. Acetyl-β-CD either improved the solubility of chitosan or increased the salt rejection of the membrane. The crystalline ICs, were formed and found on the membrane surface. There were isolated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The stability and conformation of the inclusion complexes in solvent and limited number of acetyl-β-CD threaded on chitosan molecules were studied and compared the results on a molecular level of the pseudopolyrotaxane.
Effect of Coconut Oil and Surfactants on Stability of Nanoemulsions
Authors: Piriyaprasarth Suchada , Sriamornsak Pornsak , Chansiri Gaysorn , Promboot W. , Imerb U. , Sumpoung D.
Published: June 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of coconut oil and different surfactants on stability of nanoemulsions that were prepared by simple homogenization (13,500 rpm, 10 minutes). Coconut oil, sunflower oil and castor oil at the concentration of 20-40% w/w were used as the oil phase. Polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80 and Cremophore RH40 were used as surfactant whereas sorbitan monooleate and polyethylene glycol 400 were used as co-surfactants. The formulations containing coconut oil in the range of 20-40% w/w and the ratio of polysorbate 80 to sorbitan monooleate of 2:1 and 3:1 provided nanosized emulsions (100-500 nm). The zeta potential values ranged from-41.51 to-16.97 mV. The prepared nanoemulsions were stable for at least 7 days at 8 °C. The temperature cycling test (storage at 4 °C for 24 hours and at 45 °C for 24 hours) was performed. It was found that the formulation containing 30% w/w of coconut oil, 22.5% w/w of polysorbate 80 and 7.5% w/w of sorbitan monooleate was stable for 1 cycle. The results indicated that a decrease in the concentration of surfactant and an increase in the concentration of oil affected the stability of nanoemulsions.
Effect of Acyl Chain Length of Spermine Derivatives on Transfection Efficiency
Authors: Paecharoenchai Orapan , Niyomtham Nattisa , Apirakaramwong A. , Yingyongnarongkul B. , Opanasopit Praneet
Published: June 2012

In this study, cationic liposomes prepared from egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and novel spermine-based cationic lipids at a molar ratio of 5:1 were formulated. The chemical structures of these cationic lipids consisted of spermine head group and four hydrocarbon tails with differences in acyl chain (C14, C16 and C18). The effects of acyl chain and weight ratio of liposomes to DNA on transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity were investigated on a human cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa cells) using the pDNA encoding green fluorescent protein (pEGFP-C2). The results from agarose gel electrophoresis illustrated that all cationic liposomes were able to condense with pDNA. The transfection efficiency of these cationic liposomes was in the following order: C18 (3,497±120 cells/cm2) > C14 (809±52 cells/cm2) > C16 (91±5 cells/cm2). The highest transfection efficiency was observed in the formulation of cationic liposomes with C18 tail at weight ratio of 15. In cytotoxicity studies, all formulations showed low cytotoxicity. In conclusion, these cationic liposomes containing novel cationic lipids (C18), showed promising potential as a gene carrier by efficient DNA condensation and mediated higher level of gene transfection.
Molecular Network and Crosstalk Effects for Network Reliability
Authors: Moongfangklang N. , Mitatha S. , Yupapin P. Preecha
Published: June 2012

We propose the use of molecular networks for drug delivery and diagnosis applications. Three modules of molecular networks such as bus, star,and ring networks are designed and manipulated based on a micro and nanoring resonator system. The transportation of the trapping molecule by light in the networks is described, the theoretical background is reviewed. However, the problems of large microscopic volumes and networks may be caused problems, in which the searching for new guide pipe and medium for instance, nanotube and specific medium and crosstalk effects will be the issue of investigations. Moreover, the qualities of network reliability are measurement in the form of signal transmission, i.e. signal to noise ratio (SNR) and crosstalk effects are discussed in details.
Effect of Surfactants on Characteristic and In Vitro Release of Meloxicam Loaded in Deformable Liposomes
Authors: Duangjit Sureewan , Opanasopit Praneet , Rojanarata Theerasak , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait
Published: June 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of surfactants on characteristic and in vitro release of liposomes containing meloxicam (MX), model of water insoluble drug. The potential use of deformable liposomes for drug delivery system was developed and investigated. The formulation composed of constant amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and MX and various amounts of cholesterol (Chol), sodium cholate (NaChol), sodium oleate (NaO) and stearylamine (SA) was formulated by reverse phase evaporation method. The vesicle size, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, loading efficiency, stability andin vitrorelease study were evaluated. The result indicated that the entrapment efficiency andin vitrorelease study of vesicle formulations containing surfactants were significantly higher than the conventional liposome and MX suspension. The formulation of 10:2:2:5 PC/MX/Chol/NaO provided the maximum entrapment efficiency and drug release. Our research suggested that MX loaded in deformable liposomes containing surfactants can be potentially used as a drug delivery carrier for water insoluble drug.
Mechanisms of Cellular Uptake with Chitosan/DNA Complex in Hepatoma Cell Line
Authors: Apirakaramwong A. , Pamonsinlapatham Perayot , Techaarpornkul S. , Opanasopit Praneet , Panomsuk Suwannee , Soksawatmaekhin S.
Published: June 2012

Chitosan (CS) has a high potential for gene delivery into mammalian cells. However, its uptake mechanism is not well clarified. We investigated the effects of inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (chlorpromazine), caveolae-mediated endocytosis (genistein), macropinocytosis (LY 29004 and wortmannin), microtubuli polymerization (nocodazole) and of membrane cholesterol recycle (methyl-β-cyclodextrin) on the transfection efficiency with CS/pEGFP complexes and on the internalization of CS/rhodamine-labeled pEGFP complexes by hepatoma cell line (Huh 7 cells). The transfection was blocked by nocodazole, genistein, and methyl-β-cyclodextrin, respectively. CS/DNA complexes internalization was clearly inhibited by genistein. We conclude that the complexes uptake predominantly by caveolin-mediated pathways. In addition, fluorescence colocalization studies with acidotropic probes, LysoSensor dye, illustrated that CS/DNA complexes are targeted to lysosomes for the degradation after internalization.
Comparison between Ethylcellulose Aqueous Colloidal Dispersion and Ethylcellulose Ethanolic Solution as Rupturable Coating Materials for Pulsatile Release Tablets
Authors: Sungthongjeen Srisagul , Puttipipatkhachorn Satit
Published: June 2012

Pulsatile release dosage forms which time of drug release can be determined have shown advantages for various drugs such as chronopharmacological drugs and drugs with high first pass metabolism. The pulsatile release tablets consisting of drug-containing cores coated with inner swelling layer containing a superdisintegrant (croscarmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol®)) and outer rupturable layer (ethylcellulose (EC)) were previously developed. In this study, two different types of EC coating membrane, EC ethanolic solution (ECS) versus EC aqueous colloidal dispersion (ECD), were compared. Propranolol HCl was used as a model drug. Effect of rupturable coating level on lag time and drug release was investigated. The results demonstrated that using ECS could provide the pulsatile release tablets with obviously longer lag time than ECD. With ECS, increasing of rupturable coating level increased lag time of the pulsatile release tablets because of the lowered water uptake. In addition, rapid drug release after the predetermined lag time was achieved in the pulsatile release tablets using ECS. However, the pulsatile tablets with ECD ruptured within a few minutes even high levels of rupturable coating were used. It was suggested that the different performance of the pulsatile release tablets with different types of EC might be related to the discrepancy in physical properties of the obtained EC membrane.
Blood Circulation Manipulation within Molecular Buffer and Bus Network for Molecular Diagnosis Use
Authors: Moongfangklang N. , Mitatha S. , Yupapin P. Preecha
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the use of molecular buffer and network for molecular diagnosis is presented. The trapping molecule is formed and transmitted into the required target via the molecular buffer and bus network. The optical trapping tool in the application of blood circulation manipulation analysis use the PANDA ring resonator system incorporating with bus network. The trapping force is formed by the combination of the gradient field and scattering photons. By using the blood circulation system, the blood pressure control, molecular diagnosis, and in situ surgery can be provided.
Oral Bases Containing Centella asiatica Extract: Formulations and Evaluations
Authors: Panomsuk Suwannee , Indis S. , Panyasaroj P. , Chootrakulwattana S. , Opanasopit Praneet , Rojanarata Theerasak
Published: June 2012

Centella asiatica (4% w/w) oral bases were formulated in order to treat ulcers, both in the oral cavity and topical area. Two types of bases, oleaginous and aqueous, were used. The oral bases were evaluated for their physical appearances, pH, viscosity, physical stability and adhesion. PEG and Carbopol based exhibited suitable properties. The viscosity and adhesion of some bases were enhanced by adding dry powder polymer. The amount of asiaticoside, active ingredient, in the extract and in the formulations was analyzed by HPLC.
Development of Acrylic Matrix Type Ketoprofen Patch
Authors: Wonglertnirant Nanthida , Tipwichai S. , Opanasopit Praneet , Rojanarata Theerasak , Panomsuk Suwannee , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait
Published: June 2012

Ketoprofen transdermal patches (KTPs) were fabricated using an acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) polymer. The influence of different factors (amount of PSA, drug content, and pressure applying on the backing membrane during preparation) on the characteristics of ketoprofen patch (thickness, W/A ratio, and adhesiveness of matrix film) and in vitro drug release behavior were investigated. The results revealed the successful fabrication and a good physical appearance of KTPs using acrylic PSA. Microscopic observations, FTIR spectra, and DSC thermograms were permitted to demonstrate that the drug was dispersed molecularly in the polymer. As the amount of PSA in the adhesive matrix was increased, the release rate of ketoprofen was decreased. Contrarily, the drug release rate was increased corresponding to the increase of ketoprofen content in the adhesive matrix. There was no significant difference in the release rate when the pressure applying on the backing membrane was varied. The kinetic of ketoprofen release from acrylic matrix type transdermal patches followed the Higuchis diffusion model.
Preparation and Properties of Glass Produced from Palm Ash
Authors: Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Ruengsri Suwimon , Ruangtaweep Y. , Limsuwan Pichet
Published: June 2012

In this paper, palm petiole ash (PPA) in Thailand was calcined in different temperatures and their structures and compositions were analyzed. The glasses from each PPA were prepared by melt-quenched technique and investigated their optical and physical properties. The results show that, the major compositions of PPA are SiO2 and CaO, MgO, K2O and P2O5. The structures of PPA are low-quartz phase in all calcining temperatures. The tridymite phase was appeared at 800 and 1,000°C. Glasses from PPA were produced and showed light yellow-brown color. The results are similar in all samples, correspond with absorption spectra from UV-Visible spectrophotometer.
Cheap Media for Inoculum Preparation of Acetic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Supakod S. , Wongwicharn A.
Published: June 2012

Acetic acid bacteria are used in the production of many kinds of food product: Acetobacter aceti, a starter culture of vinegar fermentation; Acetobacter xylinum, a starter culture of bacterial cellulose production (nata de coco). The objective of this research was to find cheap media for the preparation of seed culture of these bacteria. Coconut water, banana juice and a mixture of coconut water and banana juice (ratio 1:1) were used as inoculation media and compared with HS and GEY, the commonly used media for acetic acid bacteria. Acetobacter aceti TISTR102, Acetobacter xylinum TISTR975, Acetobacter xylinum AGR60 and the isolated Acetobacter xylinum Coc5 were used as the test strains. The pH and total sugar of all media were adjusted as the control media (HS & GEY) at 5.0 and 2% (w/v), respectively. The results found that all strains grew well in each medium and viable cells achieved the level of at least 106 CFU/ml when cultured for 12 hours at 30°C, 200 rpm. The result shows that constitutes of agricultural product such as coconut water and banana juice can be used as cheap inoculation media for acetic acid bacteria.
Stability of Anthocyanin from Mulberry Extracts in Alginate Microspheres at High Temperature
Authors: Yamdech R. , Aramwit Pornanong , Kanokpanont Sorada
Published: June 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate stabilities of anthocyanins from mulberry fruits extracts in alginate microspheres. The total anthocyanins contents measured from water extracts of mulberry fruits (Chiangmai/Jul cultivars) were at 10.46±0.51 mg/g DW and 15.31±0.86 mg/g DW (Chiangmai/Korat cultivars). At high temperature the extracts lost their anthocyanin contents to 52%wt (at 100°C for 5 hour) and 73%wt (at 121°C for 20 min). Alginate microspheres were prepared using external gelation methods. Sodium alginate solution (2.5%w/v) was sprayed into CaCl2solution (0.1M) through a nozzle at N2flow rates of 20 L/min. The average bead sizes were at 342.03±3.21µm. Anthocyanins loading on alginate microspheres were at 2.283±0.15 mg/g dry weight. At 80(10h), 100(5h) and 121°C(20min), Anthocyanins retention were at 91%wt, 82%wt and 89%wt, respectively. Adsorption of anthocyanins from mulberry fruit extracts on alginate microspheres resulted in a greater stability at high temperature than that of the free anthocyanins.
Influence of the Substrate Bias Voltage on the Structure of Rutile TiO2 Films Prepared by Dual Cathode DC Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Kasemanankul P. , Witit-Anun N. , Chaiyakun S. , Limsuwan P.
Published: June 2012

Rutile TiO2 films are normally used as biomaterial that synthesized on unheated stainless steel type 316L and glass slide substrates by dual cathode DC unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The influence of the substrate bias voltages (Vsb), from 0 V to-150V, on the structure of the as-deposited films was investigated. The crystal structure was characterized by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) technique, the films thickness and surface morphology was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique, respectively. The results show that the as-deposited films were transparent and have high transmittance in visible regions. The crystal structure of as-deposited films show the XRD patterns of rutile (110) with Vsb at 0V and shifted to rutile (101) with increasing Vsb. The films roughness (Rrms) and the thickness were 3.0 nm to 5.7 nm and 420 nm to 442 nm, respectively.
Synthesis of Nanocrystalline β-Tricalcium Phosphate from Chicken Eggshells by Precipitation Method
Authors: Hoonnivathana Ekachai , Pankaew Piyapong , Klumdoung P. , Limsuwan Pichet , Naemchanthara Kittisakchai
Published: June 2012

Nanocrystalline β-TCP was successfully synthesized by simple precipitation method using calcium nitrate obtained eggshell as the calcium source, ammonium phosphate as the phosphate source and ammonia solution as agents for pH adjustment via our synthesis condition. Also, the effect of calcination temperature in range of 200-1200°C on phase transformation was investigated. The synthesized powders were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinements and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques. The results indicate that β-TCP was observed at the calcination temperature of 700 °C and above. Furthermore, their crystallinity and crystalline size increase with increasing temperature. The a/c ratio of lattice parameter at temperature of 700-1200°C is similar to the standard phase of β-TCP. The chemical structure confirmed via FT-IR showed the band positions and functional groups, which are similar to that of stoichiometric β-TCP. Finally, eggshells are the potential material for synthesizing nanostructured BCP and may be possible in a low-cost production.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O and Zn3(PO4)2 Powders
Authors: Sutapun M. , Boonchom B. , Vittayakorn Naratip
Published: June 2012

Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O, which is an important component of biomedical zinc phosphate cement, was synthesized from an aqueous solution of zinc oxide and orthophosphoric acid by the sonochemical method. This synthesis method yielded best results with respect to high purity and crystallinity. Structural characteristics of the compound were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FT-IR spectra indicated the presences of different crystallographic PO43ion and H2O molecules for the Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O and Zn3(PO4)2structures. The resulting XRD patterns showed the purity phases of orthorhombic Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O and the monoclinic for its final decomposed Zn3(PO4)2product. The thermal stability, crystallite size, and plate-like microparticles of Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O and Zn3(PO4)2are different in this work from those in previous reports, which may be caused by the starting reagents and reaction condition for the sonochemical method.
Geometric Error Analysis for Millimeter-Scale Machine Tool
Authors: Li Jian Jun , Li Xi Bing , Liu Jun An , Wei Ke Xiang
Published: June 2012

At present, the trend of extreme product miniaturization is created. With increasing product compactness, the demand for precision miniature components is driven higher and the ability to manufacture these components accurately, swiftly and cost effectively is critical for manufacturers to maintain market competitiveness. The millimeter-scale machine tool (MMT) is on of the effective tool .This paper presents the error analysis for MMT which developed in our laboratory. The error model is developed and capability test is also implemented. The result shows that our MMT is very effective.
Design and Application of New Testing Slots in the Tracking Control System
Authors: Yu Yan , Liu Xiao Hong , Shang Shu Qi
Published: June 2012

A test soil-bin is an effective device to test the whole or components of the agricultural machinery. A new computer control and test system featuring PLC control and PXI bus has been designed to control the whole soil bin system including motion control and correlative date processing. This paper introduces the software design as well as the hardware design of the electric control system and test system. The result of the present work implied that soil-bin testing platform can provide reliable data for agricultural machinery research, which has a significant effect on the agricultural machinery technology innovation and saving the cost of research and development.
The Design and Application of the Ultra-Thick Abrasion Resistant Flux-Cored Wire
Authors: Sun Jun Sheng , Jiao En Li , Wang Hao Meng , Sun Yi Qun
Published: June 2012

In this paper, a type of high efficient ultra-thick high-chromium cast iron surfacing flux-cored wire of a diameter of 6mm is designed to solve the technological problem that the processing property of ultra-thick flux-cored wire can not meet the welding requirement, and “inter twist connection” and “inner wire” technologies were adopted. The effect of alloying elements Cr and C in the powder on the microstructure and property of deposited metal was researched. The results showed that when Cr content is 39% and C content is 5.7% in the powder, the microstructure of deposited metal is nearly eutectic, of which the hardness and wear resistance are higher. The test of engineering application of surfacing was carried out on bucket in wheel loader. It is proved that the wear-resisting property and the service life of the bucket can be significantly improved.
Design and Simulation Placement Optimization Problem of Multi-Surface Reflector of Street Lamps
Authors: Chen Yue E , Zhou Yun Kai , Qu Pei Xin
Published: June 2012

Street lamps are indispensable social facilities. The power consumption of street lamps is quite astonishing .In this paper, we design a novel multi-surface reflector of street lamp, which is used AUTOCAD to generate reflector’s surface, applied the optimization theory and optical software Tracepro. Multi-surface reflector of street lamps is reasonable in the distribution of light, full using of energy, and has incomparable advantages compared with the traditional reflector. Using the design of multi-surface street lamp and simulation of MATLAB, this article sets up maximum spacing model of one lamp and area of the largest model of two lamp basic on analysis of the cha-racteristics of street lighting. From the lighting brightness and energy saving point of view, we give a reasonable height and spacing of street lamps, so that the design can meet the people on the light-ing requirements, but also can save energy as much as possible.
How to Realize the Residential Building for Low Carbon Construction & Sustainable Development
Authors: Shen Liang Feng , Song Tian Ping
Published: June 2012

From the basic concepts of low carbon and low carbon housing, the low carbon housing constituting condition and technical system are probed into in this paper, and points out that the low carbon construction is the key link to develop low carbon housing, at the same time, analyses the main features for construction steel structure as the main body of housing system. The effective form of promoting the transformation and upgrading for housing industry in China is analyzed. In the end, the thought of the steel structure housing will become the mainstream of living is put forward, by developing of this structure the residential building for low carbon construction & sustainable development will be realized.
Hydraulic Riveting Machine Hydraulic System Design in Automobile Beam Production Line
Authors: Liu Hua Gang , Li Rong Xue , Liu Xiang Yang
Published: June 2012

The purpose of this paper is to simulate the riveting process, test a new device by the finite element method , study the riveting process of the mechanical behavior. Through numerical simulation, the various characteristics of the selected materials, in accordance with these measured parameters, did some statistical analysis, and design the whole hydraulic riveting machine hydraulic system according to the automobile beam line, then test. Finally, the hydraulic riveting machine hydraulic system for automobile beam production line hydraulic system has great advantages.
Design and Research of Hydraulic Station of Hydraulic Tire Curing Press
Authors: Li Rong
Published: June 2012

Analyzes the change of hydraulic pressure and flow rate during the opening/closing and curing processes in the hydraulic system of hydraulic tire curing machine and proposes a new design of the hydraulic station. By using three groups of motors-variable piston pump to work independently, the new hydraulic station can reduce machine downtime. Through using accumulator to keep pressure and delaying switching time of the valve to gradually release pressure, the new hydraulic station solves the problem of the severe impact caused by pressure relief and improve the safety and relia-bility.
Displacement Analysis of Nine-Link Barranov Truss Based on Hyper-Chaotic Least Square Method
Authors: Luo You Xin , Liu Qi Yuan
Published: June 2012

Four constrained equations were established by vector method with complex numbers according to four loops of the mechanism and four supplement equations were also established by increasing four variables and the relation of sine and cosine function. The established eight equations are that of forward displacement analysis of the 30th 2-coupled–degree nine-link Barranov truss mechanism. Combining least square method with hyper-chaotic sequences, hyper-chaotic least square method based on utilizing two-dimensional discrete hyper-chaotic system to obtain locate initial points to find all real solutions of the nonlinear questions was proposed. The numerical example of forward displacement analysis was given. Comparison was also done with other finding solution method. The result shows that all real solutions have been quickly obtained, and it proves the correctness and validity of the proposed method.
Forward Displacement Analysis of 6-SPS Mechanism Based on Hyper-Chaos Neural Network Mathematical Programming
Authors: Luo You Xin , He Zhe Ming , Song Xiao
Published: June 2012

The solutions of mechanism position fall squarely into the solutions of nonlinear evolution equations, which is an extremely difficult process. Using the chaotic sequence as the initial values of mathematical programming, all solutions of equations can be quickly found out. Neural network, which is a highly complicated nonlinear system, exist the chaos phenomenon. By eliminating the simulated annealing strategy of the transient chaos nerve cell, a kind of chaotic nerve cell that could permanently maintain chaos was investigated. With the hyper-chaos system and mathematical programming, the this new method for solving the nonlinear equation setting based on the initial node generating by the hyper-chaos mathematical programming of neural network was put forward. The mathematical model of forward displacement analysis of general 6-SPS parallel mechanisms is set up based on a quaternion.
Grey Unbiased GOM(1,1) Model Based on Inverse Accumulated Generating Operation and its Application
Authors: Luo You Xin , Liao De Gang , Che Xiao Yi
Published: June 2012

The accuracy of the traditional grey model is not high for the monotonic decreasing data and the model can not satisfy the compatibility conditions which make the error be not avoided. The paper adopts inverse accumulated generating operation and unbiased GM(1,1) model to induces the parameters in the model and establishes the unbiased grey unbiased GOM(1,1) model based on inverse accumulated generating operation. The model has high accuracy and has good value in the theory and practice. The examples show it is practical and reliable.
Research of Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Strain of Fiber Optic Cable Material
Authors: Zhang Xue Jun , Guo Hong Tao
Published: June 2012

Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature was demonstrated by using a long-period fiber grating inscribed on a polarization-maintaining fiber. This paper analyses the intersect senstive questions in terms of strain and temperature of fiber optic cable material. It also proposes a new way to carry out simultaneous measurements of strain and temperature. Experimental results show mean square deviations of 15.6 με and 0.7°C for strain and temperature, respectively.
Photonic Bandgap Properties of Photonic Crystal Fibers with the Triangular Nonair-Silica Structures
Authors: Song Zhao Yuan , Liu Xiao Dong , Niu Jing Xia
Published: June 2012

The study on the photonic crystal fibers becomes a new research field of fiber optics in recent years, and the bandgap properties of the photonic crystal fibers are the main different points different from those of the general optical fibers. This paper performs the analysis on the bandgap properties of the photonic crystal fibers with the triangular nonair-silica structures by use of the full-vector plane-wave expansion method, focusing on the effect of the dielectric materials filled in the holes on the existence of photonic bandgaps.
Adsorption of Hydrogen Molecule on the Intrinsic and Al-Doped Graphene: A First Principle Study
Authors: He Ye Lu , Liu Ding Xing , Qu Yong , Yao Zhen
Published: June 2012

The adsorption hydrogen molecule on intrinsic and Al-doped graphene was studied by density functional theory calculations. The results show that the intrinsic graphene is not an ideal hydrogen storage material. Compared with the intrinsic, H2 molecules are stongly adsorbed onto the Al-doped graphene with higher adsorbed energy and shorter distance between H2 and surface. The band structure and density of states results show that between hydrogen and other atoms, the charge transfers are apparent increased. All are help for hydrogen adsorption. Therefore, Al-doped graphene is a promising candidate for hydrogen storage material.
Correlation between Slurry Pore Former Content and Electrochemical Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with an Aqueous Tape Casted Anode
Authors: Hou Bing Xue , Wang Cheng Cheng
Published: June 2012

Nickel oxide/yttrium stabilized zirconia (NiO/8YSZ) anodes with different amounts of pore formers for anode used for solid oxide fuel cell have been prepared by aqueous tape casting technique. The zeta potential of NiO/8YSZ aqueous suspensions with and without dispersants was characterized. Moreover, the viscosity of NiO/8YSZ aqueous suspensions with different amount of dispersants and pore formers were studied by the concentric cylindrical rotational viscometer. The microstructures of the anode with different amounts of pore formers were also studied by SEM. The electrochemical performance of the single cell with different amounts of pore formers( modified by 0.8 wt% of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) over graphite) was evaluated between 700 and 800 °C with hydrogen as the fuel and air as the oxidant. It was observed that the maximum power density of the single cell with the optimum amount of graphite content (20wt%) measured was over 0.8 Wcm-2 at 800 °C and the area specific resistance value was as low as 0.79Ωcm2. The study allowed identifying optimum amount of graphite modified by PVP as the most promising pore formers for the production of supporting anodes prepared by aqueous tape casting for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell application.
Study of the Application of Architectural Acoustic Materials in Sports Venues
Authors: Zhou Xiao Hui
Published: June 2012

This paper briefly introduces the use of sound-absorbing materials and sound-proof materials in the buildings, concisely summarizes the factors taken into account in the acoustic design, and then introduces the requirements of architectural acoustics materials in sports venues. It ultimately introduces the general requirements for acoustic measurement. Therefore, we can draw some conclusions. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen basic research, technical measures and organizational management practices in acoustic materials. On the other hand, we should pay more attention to transmission channels and reception conditions. At last, it is necessary to establish cooperation with various professions for comprehensive study, with a view to obtaining the best technical performance and economic benefits.
Experiment and Analysis of Large Energy Spark Discharge
Authors: Li Xin Guang , Zhong Sheng Jun , Ren Chun Li , Lu Lin , Cheng Yan , Feng Xiao Mei
Published: June 2012

By using high-voltage breakdown, low-voltage continued arc principle in the 20L ball-type dust explosive device, 8000J level of spark discharge energy was successfully achieved, measuring results of chemical ignition were compared with spark ignition. Using oscillometric method, integral measurement of spark energy was done, and the results provide effective guidance for related experiments.
Determination of Kinetic Parameters of Maize Starch in Air Using Thermogravimetric Analysis
Authors: Yuan Chun Miao , Li Chang , Li Gang , Zhang Pei Hong
Published: June 2012

Maize starch is abundant in quantity in China. The hazard from dust explosion of maize starch was very great. Number simulation is a good way to predict the consequent of dust explosion, but the known of reaction kinetics of hazardous materials is necessary. The objective of this research was to determine the reaction kinetics of maize starch using thermo-gravimetric analyses. Thermo-gravimetric analyses of maize starch were performed at heating rates of 5, 10, and 15 min-1 in an air atmospheres. The weight losses of maize starch in an air atmosphere were found to occur in three stages. The parameters of the reaction kinetics were obtained in Stage and .
New Findings for Explosion Protection of Bucket Elevators by Design Measures
Authors: Vogl Albrecht , Radandt Siegfried
Published: June 2012

Bucket elevators are devices for the vertical conveying of bulk materials. They can be found in many plants where silos are used. There are different designs of bucket elevators, whereby for the conveying of combustible bulk materials twin-leg bucket elevators are widely used. The conveyed bulk materials might be quite different, e.g. granulates, grains or pellets, which can contain more or less fine dust. The fine dust will be whirled up and dispersed by the moving buckets. Explosive dust/air mixtures can occur inside the elevator. Bucket elevators are frequently reported as causes of dust explosions [1, 2]. Depending on both the practical operating conditions and the explosion characteristics of the bulk material in many cases explosion protection by prevention of ignition sources are not sufficient to minimize the risk of a dust explosion. Therefore, additional explosion protection by design measures is required in order to limit the dangerous effects of a dust explosion. The technical rules or standards, however, which are available for the layout of explosion protection by design measures, e.g. explosion pressure venting or explosion suppression can not be used due to the specific geometry of bucket elevators. Because there was no sufficient data base to design explosion resistant bucket elevators in combination with explosion venting or explosion suppression, large scale tests were carried out on the test site of BGN and FSA in Kappelrodeck, Germany. In this paper the latest results and findings will be presented which can be used for the practical design of explosion venting and explosion suppression on bucket elevators in process industries.
High-Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy for Crystallization Process
Authors: Tian Zhen , Bing Nai Ci , Xie Hong Yong
Published: June 2012

High-Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy (HRUS) is a novel analytical technique for non-destructive material analysis for a wide range of samples and processes. This technique is based on precision measurements of velocity and attenuation of acoustical waves at high frequencies propagating through materials. It has considerable advantages over many alternative technologies because it can be applied to systems that are optically opaque and concentrated without the need of any sample preparation. It provides an unprecedented range of new analytical capabilities for research, product development, quality and process control. Applications of this technique include analysis of solution-phase crystallization, aggregation and gelation phenomena, particle sizing, stability of emulsions and suspensions, microstructural transitions and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Here, we review the theory of the HRUS and its applications on crystallization process.
Simulation Study of Spiral Electrode Capacitance Sensor for Measuring Concentration of Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Wang Zhi Chun , Zhang Wen Jing , Li Wen Tao
Published: June 2012

Gas-sold two-phase flow is a typical and complex flow form in the natural world and the industrial process. The accurate measurement of the parameters is the key problem for improving the industry control quality and promoting enterprise economic benefit. Three-dimensional finite element simulation of spiral electrodes capacitance sensor was put up by ANSYS in this paper. The results from simulation show that spiral electrode capacitance sensor has an obvious advantage. The sensor has uniform sensing filled, and the capacitance value has nothing to do with flow pattern which is only related to solid concentration change. There is good linear correlation between capacitance value and solid concentration. Relationship graph between capacitance value and solid concentration was obtained by calculated. In addition, with the FEM the qualitative analyses to the effect of each structural parameter of the capacitance transducer on its capability were made. These can provide bases and supports for optimum design of this kind of sensors. Comparing with ECT, it is a simply and easy-implemented method of concentration measurement using spiral electrode capacitance sensor.
An Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Nanoparticles Emission from a Vehicle
Authors: Yin Zhao Qin , Lin Jian Zhong , Qian Li Juan
Published: June 2012

The Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) has been used to measure the particles number concentration and size distribution (6-560nm) of vehicle exhaust plume. The results reveal that vehicle exhaust contribute dominantly to the number concentration in the atmosphere particle. The particles total concentration decreases in the dispersion process. Furthermore, the transformation processes such as nucleation ,coagulation and condensation happen with dispersion process. Because of large number of nucleation mode particles, the coagulation process is in the advantage, which make the particles diameter increase.
Modification of Sepiolite and its Ability to Remove Heavy Metals
Authors: Chen Zhao Ping , Wang Ying , Gu Hang Yu
Published: June 2012

The modification method and its eftect on the behavior of sepiolite, especially its ability to remove heavy metals, have be reaen systematically studied. Different pretreatment methods have led to various surface structures, which resulted in various effects on removal heavy metals. The processes of modification and removal of heavy metals have been optimized. The highest removal rate for Pb canch more than 96%.
Control and Characterization of Materials Recovered from Mechanical Recycling of Waste Refrigerators
Authors: La Marca Floriana
Published: June 2012

The recycling of e-waste in general allows the recovery of valuable materials, which can be reused as secondary raw materials. This implies, however, to adopt reliable treatment processes to achieve specific standard characteristics. Actually, the market standards are very strict and strongly affect the economic value of recovered materials. In particular, waste refrigerators recycling allows the recovery of different plastic materials together with metallic fractions (ferrous and non ferrous), which economic value is considerably increasing in the last years. Only in Italy, in 2010 approximately 66,000 t of waste refrigerators were collected for recycling. An efficient recycling treatment could assure about 85% of recovery rate. In this paper, a model to control and characterize the materials recovered from mechanical recycling of cabinets dismantled from of waste refrigerators is proposed. The treatment flow sheet consists of various separation and comminution operations. A mathematical model was implemented to determine a partition function, utilizing data obtained from the treatment of 100 waste refrigerator carcasses, carrying out mass balance of recovered materials. The partition function was adopted to determinate control parameter to assess the quality of the recovered products, and, therefore, of the applied technologies. The results shown as the best recovery rate of waste refrigerator carcasses were reached for ferrous metals (97.5%) together with high purity (more than 98%). Also other metals reached a good quality (about 87% for non-ferrous metals, 92% for mixed recyclable plastics), but with lower recovery rates.
Research of Gas/Solid Two-Phase Flow Capacitance Cross-Correlation Measurement System
Authors: Li Wen Tao , Yue Xiao Ge , Zhang Rui
Published: June 2012

The paper takes gas/solid two-phase flow cross-correlation measurement system as the research object, adopts the method of computer simulation to research the measuring mechanism of cross-correlation velocity. By using Monte-Carlo method, the gas/solid two-phase flow model is established; and it is used to study the multiple factors affecting the system measurement performance such as sensor geometry, the distance of two sensors along the pipeline axis, the particle size and velocity, solidification flow pattern, non-solidification flow pattern, etc.
Investigation into Hydrolysis of Alkaline Sodium Borohydride Solution Using Attapulgite Clay-Supported Co-B-Ce Catalyst
Authors: Tian Hong Jing , Guo Qing Jie , Zhang Jian She
Published: June 2012

Hydrolysis of sodium borohydride is regarded as a promising technology to produce pure hydrogen in portable fuel cell fields. In this paper, Ce is examined to be a better co-catalyst than Ni and Fe for the attapulgite clay (AT)-supported cobalt-boride (Co-B) catalyst. Factors, such as solution temperature, NaBH4 concentration and NaOH concentration on performance of these catalysts in hydrolysis of sodium borohydride are investigated. Furthermore, characteristics of these AT-supported catalysts are studied using SEM and XRD. Activation energy of hydrogen generation using such catalysts is estimated to be 37.02 kJ/mol.
Prediction on Molten Steel End Temperature during Tapping in BOF Based on LS-SVM and PSO
Authors: Yang Wei , Meng Hong Ji , Huang Ya Juan , Xie Zhi
Published: June 2012

A new molten steel end temperature prediction model is built employing LS-SVM. To seek the optimal parameters of regularization parameter γ and kernel parameter σ in LS-SVM, an PSO algorithm is also proposed. To test the proposed predictor, the prediction model is applied on practical data from Fujian Sangang steelmaking collected in 100t BOF, and the validation is carried on the performance of the prediction. The model overcomes the blindness and the burden in time consuming of cross validation method, and at the same time, inherits the strong learning ability from small sample and the characteristics of simple calculation of LS-SVM. In the LSSVM optimized by PSO test cases, the Maximum Absolute Error (MAE) and the Root Mean Squares Error (RMSE) are the lowest, and the Pearson Relative Coefficient (PRC) is the highest. The results suggest that the LS-SVM optimized by PSO model can be extended to end-point judgment applications in achieving greater forecasting accuracy and quality.
Study on the Pressure-Sinkage Relationship of Lunar Soil Simulant
Authors: Li Jian Qiao , Li Hao , Jin Da Wei , He Ling , Zou Meng
Published: June 2012

The lunar surface is covered with the deposit of regolith which is loose and dry powder. In the earth condition, the mechanical properties of lunar soil simulant from eruption powder will greatly influence the precision and reliability of the rover test results. This article measures the parameters by means of the vertical load which is representing the pressure generated by vehicle wheel, and the formula of vertical pressure-sinkage relationship: p=[kс/b+kφ]*zn. It was discussed that the value of n, kс, kφ changed under three different velocities and four different radiuses of circular plates. Because these parameters are sensitive to bulk density of lunar soil simulant, the paper could only discuss the range of kсkφ and n, and the results of the measurement are n= 0.698~ 1.123, kс= 0.524~ 5.928, kφ= 0.124~ 1.926. The lunar soil will make the poor trafficability for lunar rover. This article could provide basis and criterion for evaluation rover behavior at the surface of moon and design the wheel parameters of lunar rover.
Scanning Probe Microscope Observation to Morphology of Typical Carbon Materials
Authors: Zhu Xiang Rong , Wang Ji Fen , Li Jing
Published: June 2012

The morphology of typical carbon materials including granular graphite, carbon nanotubes and graphenes was observe by scanning probe microscope (SPM). When water is used as the dispersants for preparing observing samples of the above carbon materials, the typical morphology characteristics of spherical graphite, curved carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets are distinctly exhibited by SPM. However, for graphene materials, when alcohol or dimethylformamide (DMF) is used as dispersants, the quality of SPM images becomes poor. The interaction between the dispersants and materials should be responsible for these observation results.