bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Power of Place: Social Network Characteristics, Perceived Neighborhood Features, and Psychological Distress Among African Americans in the Historic Hill District in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Authors: Flórez Karen R. , Ghosh‐Dastidar Madhumita (Bonnie) , Beckman Robin , de la Haye Kayla , Duru Obidiugwu Kenrik , Abraído‐Lanza Ana F. , Dubowitz Tamara
Published: September 2016

African American neighborhoods have been historically targeted for urban renewal projects, which impact social composition and resident's health. The Hill District in Pittsburgh, PA is such a neighborhood. This research sought to investigate the extent to which social networks and perceived neighborhood social cohesion and safety were associated with psychological distress among residents in an African American neighborhood undergoing urban renewal, before the implementation of major neighborhood changes. Findings revealed a modest, significant inverse association between social network size and psychological distress (β = −0.006, p < .01), even after controlling for age, employment, education, and income. Perceived neighborhood safety predicted decreased psychological distress (β = −1.438, p < .01), but not social cohesion, which is consistent with past research. Findings suggest that social networks protect against psychological distress, but neighborhood perceptions are also paramount.
Neonatal progeriod syndrome associated with biallelic truncating variants in POLR3A
Authors: Jay Allison M. , Conway Robert L. , Thiffault Isabelle , Saunders Carol , Farrow Emily , Adams John , Toriello Helga V.
Published: September 2016

Wiedemann–Rautenstrauch syndrome, also known as neonatal progeroid syndrome, is a rare condition with fewer than 40 patients reported in the literature. Characteristic physical findings include neonatal progeroid appearance, sparse scalp hair, prominent scalp veins, and lipoatrophy; in addition, neonatal teeth are often a distinctive finding. The inheritance pattern of this disorder has been postulated to be autosomal recessive, although a specific gene has not been identified. Here we report an infant with the characteristic phenotypic features of Wiedemann–Rautenstrauch syndrome in whom exome sequencing identified two pathogenic variants in POLR3A: c.1909+18G>A; p.(Y637Cfs*23) and c.2617C>T; p.(R873*). Mutations in POLR3A (OMIM #614258) are associated with 4H leukodystrophy syndrome characterized by the triad of hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. The present patient's genotype implies a broader phenotypic range for POLR3A mutations and might expand the clinical spectrum. This proband is notable because she had two null pathogenic variants. Replication in other patients clinically diagnosed with Wiedemann–Rautenstrauch syndrome is needed to further demonstrate this gene‐disease association. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Easily Accessed Nickel Nanoparticle Catalyst for Alkene Hydrosilylation with Tertiary Silanes
Authors: Buslov Ivan , Song Fang , Hu Xile
Published: September 2016

The first efficient and non‐precious nanoparticle catalyst for alkene hydrosilylation with commercially relevant tertiary silanes has been developed. The nickel nanoparticle catalyst was prepared in situ from a simple nickel alkoxide precatalyst Ni(OtBu)2⋅x KCl. The catalyst exhibits high activity for anti‐Markovnikov hydrosilylation of unactivated terminal alkenes and isomerizing hydrosilylation of internal alkenes. The catalyst can be applied to synthesize a single terminal alkyl silane from a mixture of internal and terminal alkene isomers, and to remotely functionalize an internal alkene derived from a fatty acid.
Fusing Porphyrins and Phospholes: Synthesis and Analysis of a Phosphorus‐Containing Porphyrin
Authors: Higashino Tomohiro , Yamada Tomoki , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Seki Shu , Imahori Hiroshi
Published: September 2016

A phosphole‐fused porphyrin dimer, as a representative of a new class of porphyrins with a phosphorus atom, was synthesized for the first time. The porphyrin dimer exhibits remarkably broadened absorption, indicating effective π‐conjugation over the two porphyrins through the phosphole moiety. The porphyrin dimer possesses excellent electron‐accepting character, which is comparable to that of a representative electron‐accepting material, [60]PCBM. These results provide access to a new class of phosphorus‐containing porphyrins with unique optoelectronic properties.
DNA binding behaviour of mixed ligand vanadium(V) complex based on novel tridentate hydrazone and benzhydroxamic acid ligand systems
Authors: Inamdar Poonam , Angappan Sheela
Published: September 2016

Novel tridentate ONO hydrazone ligand (HL) and the corresponding vanadium(V) complex, [VO(HL)(Benz)], based on the ligand and benzhydroxamic acid, were synthesized and characterized using UV–visible, Fourier transform infrared, NMR and mass spectral studies. In order to assess the binding efficacy of the synthesized complex with DNA, UV absorption spectral titrations, fluorescence displacement assays using ethidium bromide and acridine orange dyes, circular dichroism, viscosity and molecular docking studies were carried out. Based on the results obtained, it is evident that the complex shows significant intercalating ability almost comparable to that of the standard intercalator drug cisplatin. The binding affinity values for the [VO(HL)(Benz)] complex and cisplatin were found to be (3.84 ± 0.08) × 104 M−1 and (4.27 ± 0.012) × 104 M−1. In addition, the cytotoxicity of [VO(HL)(Benz)] was also assessed by MTT assay against the MCF‐7 cell line.
Silver ferrite–graphene nanocomposite and its good photocatalytic performance in air and visible light for organic dye removal
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Majid , Hosseini‐Monfared Hassan , Abbasi Vahideh
Published: September 2016

Silver ferrite–graphene (AgFeO2‐G) as a nanocomposite photocatalyst shows potent visible‐light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic contaminants, and generates the strong oxidants hydroxyl radical (•OH) and superoxide anion radical (O2•−) via photoelectrochemical decomposition of H2O and O2 in the presence of air and visible light irradiation. The photogenerated electrons of AgFeO2 can transfer easily from the conduction band to the reduced graphene oxide, efficiently preventing the direct recombination of electrons and holes. As a matter of fact, AgFeO2 has a low bandgap. Furthermore, AgFeO2 nanoparticles themselves have a magnetic property, which makes them magnetically separable. The experimental results show that the graphene nanosheets in the nanocomposite catalyst are exfoliated and decorated homogeneously with AgFeO2 nanoparticles. The photodegradation occurs in a short time (ca 40 min). Also, the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite does not show any clear loss after ten recycles of the degradation process.
The Use of Stereology Method to Estimate the Volume of Feto‐Maternal Exchange Area of the Bovine Placentome during Gestation
Authors: Adeyinka Folusho D. , Laven Richard A. , de Nicolo Gina , Lawrence Kevin E. , Parkinson Timothy J.
Published: September 2016

The functional surface areas of the feto‐maternal unit of the bovine placentomes were quantified from Day 100 to 260 of gestation by using stereology. This study was achieved using intact placentomes obtained from an abattoir. There was no change in volume and surface densities of binucleate cells, fetal trophoblast, fetal and maternal tissues, and maternal epithelium with gestation age, although the total volume of these components increased with gestation age from Day 126 to 260. The total surface area of the feto‐maternal interface increased in a similar pattern as the placentomal components without a change in the fetal to maternal tissue ratio when estimated with stereology. This is one of the recent studies in cattle to quantify and describe the functional surface area of intact placentomes at different stages of gestation and it emphasised the differences between the yak and cattle placentomal development. Anat Rec, 299:1571–1577, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expeditious Assembly of Fluorenones through Domino Reactions of Benzoyl Chlorides with Arylboronic Acids Catalyzed by ONO Pincer‐like Palladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Vignesh Arumugam , Kaminsky Werner , Dharmaraj Nallasamy
Published: September 2016

A new set of palladium(II) complexes featuring ONO pincer‐type ligands were synthesized and utilized as efficient homogeneous catalysts for the domino reactions of benzoyl chlorides with arylboronic acids to yield a library of fluorenones. The titled reaction proceeded smoothly in H2O/MeOH media at a low catalyst loading (0.1 mol %) under mild reaction conditions in an open flask, and the catalyst could be reused over six consecutive runs. To validate the currently developed methodology for industrial‐level applications, a gram‐scale synthesis was done. Advantageously, the present protocol does not require any external oxidant, additives, or phase‐transfer agents.
Nonlinear measure approach for the robust exponential stability analysis of interval inertial Cohen–Grossberg neural networks
Authors: Li Ruoxia , Cao Jinde , Alsaedi Ahmed , Ahmad Bashir , Alsaadi Fuad E , Hayat Tasawar
Published: September 2016

This article is concerned with the existence and robust stability of an equilibrium point that related to interval inertial Cohen–Grossberg neural networks. Such condition requires the existence of an equilibrium point to a given system, so the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point are emerged via nonlinear measure method. Furthermore, with the help of Halanay inequality lemma, differential mean value theorem as well as inequality technique, several sufficient criteria are derived to ascertain the robust stability of the equilibrium point for the addressed system. The results obtained in this article will be shown to be new and they can be considered alternative results to previously results. Finally, the effectiveness and computational issues of the two models for the analysis are discussed by two examples. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 459–469, 2016
Thermal Stability of CuSCN Hole Conductor‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jung Minsu , Kim Young Chan , Jeon Nam Joong , Yang Woon Seok , Seo Jangwon , Noh Jun Hong , Il Seok Sang
Published: September 2016

Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) surpassing 20 % in certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) have been demonstrated with organic hole‐transporting layers (HTLs), thermal degradation remains one of the key issues for practical applications. We fabricated PSCs using low temperature solution‐processed CuSCN as the inorganic hole‐transport layer (HTL), which possesses a highly stable crystalline structure and is robust even at high temperatures. The best‐performing cell delivers a PCE of 18.0 %, with 15.9 % measured at the stabilized power output. Here we report the thermal stability of PSCs based on CuSCN in comparison with commonly used 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis‐(N,N‐di‐4‐methoxyphenylamino)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD). The PSC fabricated with organic spiro‐OMeTAD degrades to 25 % of initial PCE after annealing for 2 h at 125 °C in air under 40 % average relative humidity. However, CuSCN‐based PSCs maintain approximately 60 % of the initial value, exhibiting superior thermal stability under identical conditions. This work demonstrates that high efficiency and improved thermal stability are simultaneously achieved when CuSCN is used as an HTL in PSCs.
Probing the response of lung tumor cells to inflammatory microvascular endothelial cells on fluidic microdevice
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Zhongyu , Guo Yaqiong , Peng Xiaojun , Qin Jianhua
Published: September 2016

The development of cancer depends on a complex tissue microenvironment for sustained growth, invasion, and metastasis. The extravasation of tumor cells is a critical event in tumor metastasis. However, the process and mechanism that underlie tumor cell extravasation remain unclear, which restricts the examination of many tumor processes and presents a formidable hurdle to drug development. To explore the initial steps by which lung tumor cells interact with the brain microvascular wall in the course of extravasation, we present a simple, inexpensive, and time‐saving microfluidic device to mimic the inflammatory brain microvascular microenvironment and to investigate both the biochemical and mechanical causes of lung tumor cell rolling and adhesion on inflammatory endothelium to analyze the synergistic effects on tumor extravasation under fluidic shear stress conditions. Under microvascular inflammation induced by tumor necrosis factor α, the lung tumor cells (A549 cells) displayed significant adhesion activity. In addition, we found that this situation could be reversed by administration of Rho/Rho‐associated protein serine/threonine kinase (ROCK) inhibitor (Y27632). We believe that this promising microdevice‐based tumor adhesion and extravasation research platform can be used to study tumor behavior in an inflammatory vascular system and will make a valuable contribution for the investigation of the mechanism of tumor cell extravasation.
Online sample concentration and analysis of drugs of abuse in human urine by micelle to solvent stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Aturki Zeineb , Fanali Salvatore , Rocco Anna
Published: September 2016

A sensitive and rapid CZE‐UV method was developed to determine drugs and their metabolites’ presence in human urine. Ten drugs of abuse were analyzed including four amphetamines, cocaine, cocaethylene, heroin, morphine, 6‐monoacetylmorphine, and 4‐methylmethcathinone. An MSS (micelle to solvent stacking) approach was evaluated to enhance method sensitivity. This method considers composition of the micellar sample solution matrix and the injection time. Several analytical conditions influencing the resolution of the drugs mixture as pH and buffer concentration, organic solvent content, were also investigated. The base‐line separation of all studied analytes in the same run was achieved within 18 min in an uncoated fused silica capillary (50 μm id × 60 cm) using a background solution containing 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 2.5 and 30% ACN v/v. Other experimental parameters such as applied voltage and capillary temperature were set up at 20 kV and 20°C, respectively. LOD values ranging between 15 and 75 ng/mL for all studied compounds were obtained. From a comparison with conventional CZE, the proposed method provides an increase of sensitivity (39‐ to 55‐fold enhancement factor). Under optimal MSS‐CZE conditions, good linearity was achieved (R2 ≤ 0.9998). The method was finally applied to the analysis of urine samples spiked with a standard mixture after a sample pretreatment, reaching satisfactory recovery values.
When do myopia genes have their effect? Comparison of genetic risks between children and adults
Authors: Tideman J. Willem L. , Fan Qiao , Polling Jan Roelof , Guo Xiaobo , Yazar Seyhan , Khawaja Anthony , Höhn René , Lu Yi , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Yamashiro Kenji , Yoshikawa Munemitsu , Gerhold‐Ay Aslihan , Nickels Stefan , Zeller Tanja , He Mingguang , Boutin Thibaud , Bencic Goran , Vitart Veronique , Mackey David A. , Foster Paul J. , MacGregor Stuart , Williams Cathy , Saw Seang Mei , Guggenheim Jeremy A. , Klaver Caroline C. W. ,   the CREAM Consortium
Published: September 2016

Previous studies have identified many genetic loci for refractive error and myopia. We aimed to investigate the effect of these loci on ocular biometry as a function of age in children, adolescents, and adults. The study population consisted of three age groups identified from the international CREAM consortium: 5,490 individuals aged <10 years; 5,000 aged 10–25 years; and 16,274 aged >25 years. All participants had undergone standard ophthalmic examination including measurements of axial length (AL) and corneal radius (CR). We examined the lead SNP at all 39 currently known genetic loci for refractive error identified from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), as well as a combined genetic risk score (GRS). The beta coefficient for association between SNP genotype or GRS versus AL/CR was compared across the three age groups, adjusting for age, sex, and principal components. Analyses were Bonferroni‐corrected. In the age group <10 years, three loci (GJD2, CHRNG, ZIC2) were associated with AL/CR. In the age group 10–25 years, four loci (BMP2, KCNQ5, A2BP1, CACNA1D) were associated; and in adults 20 loci were associated. Association with GRS increased with age; β = 0.0016 per risk allele (P = 2 × 10–8) in <10 years, 0.0033 (P = 5 × 10–15) in 10‐ to 25‐year‐olds, and 0.0048 (P = 1 × 10–72) in adults. Genes with strongest effects (LAMA2, GJD2) had an early effect that increased with age. Our results provide insights on the age span during which myopia genes exert their effect. These insights form the basis for understanding the mechanisms underlying high and pathological myopia.
Exploring the contributions of the supplementary eye field to subliminal inhibition using double‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Chiau Hui‐Yan , Muggleton Neil G. , Juan Chi‐Hung
Published: September 2016

It is widely accepted that the supplementary eye fields (SEF) are involved in the control of voluntary eye movements. However, recent evidence suggests that SEF may also be important for unconscious and involuntary motor processes. Indeed, Sumner et al. ([2007]: Neuron 54:697–711) showed that patients with micro‐lesions of the SEF demonstrated an absence of subliminal inhibition as evoked by masked‐prime stimuli. Here, we used double‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in healthy volunteers to investigate the role of SEF in subliminal priming. We applied double‐pulse TMS at two time windows in a masked‐prime task: the first during an early phase, 20–70 ms after the onset of the mask but before target presentation, during which subliminal inhibition is present; and the second during a late phase, 20–70 ms after target onset, during which the saccade is being prepared. We found no effect of TMS with the early time window of stimulation, whereas a reduction in the benefit of an incompatible subliminal prime stimulus was found when SEF TMS was applied at the late time window. These findings suggest that there is a role for SEF related to the effects of subliminal primes on eye movements, but the results do not support a role in inhibiting the primed tendency. Hum Brain Mapp 38:339–351, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
2‐(Arylamino)aryliminophosphoranes from 2‐nitrodiarylamines
Authors: Łukasik Emilia , Wróbel Zbigniew
Published: September 2016

Deoxygenation of 2‐nitrodiarylamines by triphenylphosphine is presented as an efficient method for synthesis of 2‐(arylamino)aryliminophosphoranes, useful as starting materials in the synthesis of benzannulated nitrogen heterocycles. The reaction is complementary for the known synthesis of aryliminophosphoranes from 2‐nitrosodiarylamines giving rise to obtain the title products in the broader scope. The presented protocol is simple and efficient although limited to secondary 2‐nitrodiarylamines.
The Pharmacologic and Clinical Effects of Illicit Synthetic Cannabinoids
Authors: White C. Michael
Published: September 2016

This article presents information on illicitly used synthetic cannabinoids. Synthetic cannabinoids are structurally heterogeneous and commonly used drugs of abuse that act as full agonists of the cannabinoid type‐1 receptor but have a variety of additional pharmacologic effects. There are numerous cases of patient harm and death in the United States, Europe, and Australia with many psychological, neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal adverse events. Although most users prefer using cannabis, there are convenience, legal, and cost reasons driving the utilization of synthetic cannabinoids. Clinicians should be aware of pharmacologic and clinical similarities and differences between synthetic cannabinoid and cannabis use, the limited ability to detect synthetic cannabinoids in the urine or serum, and guidance to treat adverse events.
Synthesis of Isoxazole‐Linked Norcantharidin Analogues of Substituted Chromones
Authors: Wang Wei , Deng Liping , Hu Chunqi , Zhang Yaohong , Li Yan , Zuo Shufeng
Published: September 2016

Eighteen novel norcantharidin derivatives, which were substituted by chromone ring, were synthesized in a single step by the [3 + 2] 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction with three oximes in the presence of chloramine‐T when compared with the conventional method.
When personality is the problem: Managing patients with difficult personalities on the acute care unit
Authors: Riddle Megan , Meeks Timothy , Alvarez Carrol , Dubovsky Amelia
Published: September 2016

Personality disorders are pervasive patterns of maladaptive behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that often go unrecognized and can wreak havoc in the patient's interpersonal life. These inflexible patterns of managing the world can be disruptive when an individual is admitted to the hospital, causing distress for both the patient who lacks the skills to deal with the expectations of the hospital environment and the treatment team who can feel ill equipped to manage such behavior. Having a personality disorder has implications for an individual's healthcare outcomes; those with a personality disorder have a life expectancy nearly 2 decades shorter than the general population for a multitude of reasons, among them trouble interacting with the healthcare system. Although a diagnosis of a specific personality disorder may be difficult to make on an acute care unit, identification of dysfunctional personality structures can provide opportunity for better management of an individual patient's medical and psychological needs. This review focuses on the identification of these individuals in the acute care setting and provides an overview of evidence‐based behavioral and pharmacological interventions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;11:873–878. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Energetics of reactions in a dielectric barrier discharge with argon carrier gas: IV ethyl lactate
Authors: Nisol Bernard , Watson Sean , Lerouge Sophie , Wertheimer Michael R.
Published: September 2016

We report dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)‐based atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) experiments using argon carrier gas and ethyl lactate (EL) as the precursor molecule (“monomer”). As in our preceding research with other monomers, unprecedented precision and reproducibility is again demonstrated, here to create plasma polymerized (PP‐EL) deposits. PP‐EL is thought to be an excellent candidate for bio‐medical applications on account of the non‐toxic nature of resulting PP‐EL deposits. We have shown that a narrow range of energy values absorbed from the plasma, Em, between roughly 21 and 42 eV/molecule, lead to PP‐EL coatings of widely varying structural and physical properties, ones with controlled retention of chemical features of the EL monomer, and a predictable rate of degradation in aqueous media.
Ertel potential vorticity versus Bernoulli streamfunction on Mars
Authors: Dowling T. E. , Bradley M. E. , Du J. , Lewis S. R. , Read P. L.
Published: September 2016

Scatter plots of Ertel potential vorticity, Q, versus Bernoulli streamfunction, B, on potential temperature surfaces, θ, are investigated for Mars using the global Mars Analysis Correction Data Assimilation (MACDA) reanalysis, which spans Mars Year (MY) 24.39 to 27.24. In midlatitudes, Mars exhibits monotonic, function‐like Q(B) correlations on θ surfaces similar to those observed for Earth. We quantify this with linear regressions of Q versus B over the vertical range θ=400 to 900 K (∼30 to 60 km). In autumn, winter and spring, in both hemispheres, the non‐dimensionalized correlation generally lies between zero and unity and gradually decreases with height, whereas in northern summer, it swings negative. These characteristics match Earth's lower mesosphere (θ= 2000 to 3000 K; z≈ 48 to 62 km) during the same seasons. The exception is southern summer, when the correlation on Mars nearly vanishes. In time series, the transition into and out of northern summer is sinuous and centred just after solar longitude Ls = 90°, whereas in southern summer it is abrupt and spans ΔLs≈120°, which is one third of a Mars year. A striking feature seen on Mars but not on Earth is a large range of Q over the narrow domain of B poleward of each winter polar jet, particularly in the north, which is consistent with the known annular structure of the Martian polar vortex. Froude number calculations suggest the existence of a planetary‐scale hydraulic jump associated with the winter polar jet.
Understanding significant precipitation in Madeira island using high‐resolution numerical simulations of real cases
Authors: Couto Flavio T. , Ducrocq Véronique , Salgado Rui , Costa Maria J.
Published: September 2016

In order to advance the knowledge about precipitation development over Madeira island, four rainfall patterns are investigated based on high‐resolution numerical simulations performed with the MESO‐NH model. The main environmental conditions during these precipitation periods are examined, and important factors leading to significant accumulated precipitation in Madeira are shown. We found that the combination of orographic effect and atmospheric conditions is essential for the establishment of each situation. Under a moist and conditionally unstable atmosphere, convection over the island is triggered, and its location was determined mainly by variations of the ambient flow, which was also associated with different moist Froude numbers. Interestingly, our results showed some similarities with situations discussed in idealized studies. However, the real variations of the atmospheric configuration confirm the complexity of significant precipitation development in mountainous regions. In addition, precipitating systems initially formed over the ocean were simulated reaching the island. The four periods were characterised by different time durations, and the local terrain interacting with the mesoscale circulation was decisive in producing a large part of the precipitation, which concentrated in distinct regions of the island induced by the airflow dynamic.
Small and large scale site diversity experiment at Ka‐band in the south of France
Authors: Boulanger Xavier , Lacoste Frédéric , Castanet Laurent
Published: September 2016

Since April 2011, ONERA has been operating in Toulouse, France, a beacon receiver able to receive the 20.199 GHz beacon signal of ASTRA 3B. From June 2013 to December 2013, ONERA and CNES successively deployed in the South of France four more beacon receivers in order to characterize the space‐time behaviour of the propagation channel at Ka‐band. This Site Diversity configuration is of great interest for the development of future high data rate satellite services as it efficiently mitigates severe tropospheric propagation impairments, in particular rain attenuation which is the major issue. The ONERA‐CNES Ka‐band site diversity experiment consists of three beacon receivers deployed in the area of Toulouse with site separation between 16 and 26 km, and two additional beacon receivers at 140 km and 300 km from Toulouse. This paper aims at providing a complete description of the experimental set‐up and the statistical results of the campaign from July 2013 to December 2014. The Complementary Cumulative Distribution Functions (CCDF) of rain attenuation on each site and the Joint Distributions for several pairs of radio links are illustrated. Some comparisons of the measured Diversity Gain with two state‐of‐the‐art prediction models are also presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of increasing lifespan and recycling rate on carbon storage in wood products from theoretical model to application for the European wood sector
Authors: Brunet-Navarro Pau , Jochheim Hubert , Muys Bart
Published: September 2016

The use of wood products is often promoted as a climate change mitigation option to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. In previous literature, we identified longevity and recycling rate as two determining factors that influence the carbon stock in wood products, but no studies have predicted the effect of improved wood use on carbon storage over time. In this study, we aimed at evaluating changes in the lifespan and the recycling rate as two options for enhancing carbon stock in wood products for different time horizons. We first explored the behaviour over time of both factors in a theoretical simulation, and then calculated their effect for the European wood sector of the future. The theoretical simulation shows that the carbon stock in wood products increases linearly when increasing the average lifespan of wood products and exponentially when improving the recycling rate. The emissions savings under the current use of wood products in Europe in 2030 were estimated at 57.65 Mt carbon dioxide (CO2) per year. This amount could be increased 5 Mt CO2 if average lifespan increased 19.54 % or if recycling rate increased 20.92 % in 2017. However, the combination of both strategies could increase the emissions saving almost 5 Mt CO2 more by 2030. Incrementing recycling rate of paper and paperboard is the best short-term strategy (2030) to reduce emissions, but elongating average lifespan of wood-based panels is a better strategy for longer term periods (2046).
There is More to Marketing: An Encore to Layton's Ring Cycle and the Compelling Case for Marketing Systems Theory, Research and Management
Authors: Shultz Clifford J.
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this commentary is to expand the conceptualization, purpose and positioning of marketing, while also commemorating the contributions of Professor Roger Layton, who has worked similarly to champion marketing systems theory, research and practice. Thoughts on Layton's Ring Cycle are revisited. A case is made for marketing to be considered a social science and, perhaps more importantly, for marketing issues to be framed in ways, and with lexicon, concepts and measures, that resonate with other social sciences and institutions affected by markets and marketing. Marketing practitioners, policy makers and marketing scholars moreover must redouble efforts to circumvent or redress social traps embedded in marketing activities and policy, and they must do this through constructive engagement in the marketplace where those traps can and do occur, to ensure sustainable and equitable marketing systems.
Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy using capecitabine and cetuximab followed by definitive surgery in patients with operable rectal cancer
Authors: Bazarbashi Shouki , Omar Ayman , Aljubran Ali , Alzahrani Ahmad , Alsanea Nasser , Abduljabbar Alaa , Alhomoud Samar , Ashari Luai , Balaraj Khalid , Soudy Hussein , Neimatallah Mohammad , Fagih Musa
Published: September 2016

Background:

Achieving a high rate of complete pathological response with pre-operative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer is an unmet need. We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of cetuximab, capecitabine and radiation therapy in the pre-operative setting of localized rectal cancer.

Patients and methods:

Patients with clinically staged T3, T4 or nodepositive rectal cancer were treated with concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy with weekly cetuximab starting one week before the start of radiation. This was followed by total mesorectal excision within 6-8 weeks. All patients achieving R0 resection received adjuvant capecitabine for 6 cycles.

Results:

Fifteen patients were treated and all underwent surgery. Sphincter preservation was achieved in 11 patients (73.3%) and pathological complete response in two. With a median follow up of 48 months (range 8.4-57.5), 12 patients were relapse-free and 14 were alive with 4-year relapse free survival of 80%. Overall survival was 93%. Significant grade 3 and 4 toxicity was mainly cetuximab-induced skin reactions (33%), radiation-induced skin toxicity (13%) and diarrhea (20%).

Conclusions:

Adding cetuximab to pre-operative concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy provides modest efficacy with manageable toxicity.
Long RP interval tachycardia. What is the mechanism?
Authors: Jiménez‐Díaz Javier , González‐Marín María‐Arantzazu , González‐Ferrer Juan J. , Higuera‐Sobrino Felipe
Published: September 2016

A 41‐year‐old man with a history of tachycardia refractory to multiple antiarrhythmic drugs was sent to our institution. His 12‐lead electrocardiogram demonstrated incessant narrow QRS complex tachycardia with negative P waves in the inferior leads and long RP interval. Occasionally, the tachycardia terminated after a P wave and then was restarted after a sinusal beat. An EP study was performed during tachycardia. Intracardiac electrograms during tachycardia and response to pacing maneuvers are shown. What is the tachycardia mechanism?
Successful pacemaker lead extraction involving an ossified thrombus: A case report
Authors: Okamura Hideo , Van Arnam John S. , Aubry Marie Christine , Friedman Paul A. , Cha Yong‐Mei
Published: September 2016

A 41‐year‐old woman who had been fitted with a pacemaker 18 years prior presented for lead extraction because of device infection. First, we tried laser sheath. However, it cannot cross the binding in the innominate vein. Then we switched to the rotating mechanical sheath. Although it crunched through binding tissue, the progress halted. We removed the sheath and found pieces of calcified tissue in the sheath lumen. After removing the calcified tissue, both leads were extracted using the laser sheath, without complications. The pathological examination revealed a diagnosis of ossified thrombus. Venous thromboses associated with implanted leads can ossify with time, causing difficulties in the extraction of long‐standing intravascular leads.
Relationship between right and left ventricular function in candidates for implantable cardioverter defibrillator with low left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Jimenez‐Juan Laura , Karur Gauri R. , Connelly Kim A. , Deva Djeven , Yan Raymond T. , Wald Rachel M. , Singh Sheldon , Leung General , Oikonomou Anastasia , Dorian Paul , Angaran Paul , Yan Andrew T.
Published: September 2016

Background

Indications for the primary prevention of sudden death using an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) are based predominantly on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) is also a known prognostic factor in a variety of structural heart diseases that predispose to sudden cardiac death. We sought to investigate the relationship between right and left ventricular parameters (function and volume) measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) among a broad spectrum of patients considered for an ICD.

Methods

In this retrospective, single tertiary‐care center study, consecutive patients considered for ICD implantation who were referred for LVEF assessment by CMR were included. Right and left ventricular function and volumes were measured.

Results

In total, 102 patients (age 62±14 years; 23% women) had a mean LVEF of 28±11% and RVEF of 44±12%. The left ventricular and right ventricular end diastolic volume index was 140±42 mL/m2 and 81±27 mL/m2, respectively. Eighty‐six (84%) patients had a LVEF <35%, and 63 (62%) patients had right ventricular systolic dysfunction. Although there was a significant and moderate correlation between LVEF and RVEF (r=0.40, p<0.001), 32 of 86 patients (37%) with LVEF <35% had preserved RVEF, while 9 of 16 patients (56%) with LVEF ≥35% had right ventricular systolic dysfunction (Kappa=0.041).

Conclusions

Among patients being considered for an ICD, there is a positive but moderate correlation between LVEF and RVEF. A considerable proportion of patients who qualify for an ICD based on low LVEF have preserved RVEF, and vice versa.
The prevalence and risk factors of visual impairment among the elderly in Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Wang Wen‐Li , Chen Nancy , Sheu Min‐Muh , Wang Jen‐Hung , Hsu Wen‐Lin , Hu Yih‐Jin
Published: September 2016

Visual impairment is associated with disability and poor quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of visual impairment among the suburban elderly in Eastern Taiwan. The cross‐sectional research was conducted from April 2012 to August 2012. The ocular condition examination took place in suburban areas of Hualien County. Medical records from local infirmaries and questionnaires were utilized to collect demographic data and systemic disease status. Logistic regression models were used for the simultaneous analysis of the association between the prevalence of visual impairment and risk factors. Six hundred and eighty‐one residents participated in this project. The mean age of the participants was 71.4 ± 7.3 years. The prevalence of vision impairment (better eye < 6/18) was 11.0%. Refractive error and cataract were the main causes of vision impairment. Logistic regression analysis showed that people aged 65–75 years had a 3.8 times higher risk of developing visual impairment (p = 0.021), while the odds ratio of people aged > 75 years was 10.0 (p < 0.001). In addition, patients with diabetic retinopathy had a 3.7 times higher risk of developing visual impairment (p = 0.002), while the odds ratio of refractive error was 0.36 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of visual impairment was relatively high compared with previous studies. Diabetic retinopathy was an important risk factor of visual impairment; by contrast, refractive error was beneficial to resist visual impairment. Therefore, regular screening of ocular condition and early intervention might aid in the prevention of avoidable vision loss.
Desigualdad y marginación en Chiapas
Authors: Aguilar Ortega Teodoro
Published: September 2016

Históricamente, la pobreza en México se ha concentrado en algunas entidades, sobre todo en aquellas que conforman la región Sur Sureste del país. Tal es el caso de Chiapas, estado que registra elevados índices de pobreza y marginación, lo que ha derivado en tasas de analfabetismo y desnutrición infantil muy por encima del promedio nacional. En los últimos cuatro años, la pobreza se ha agudizado debido a las políticasneoliberales que han provocado un estancamiento sostenido de la economía nacional y con terribles consecuencias en el estado de bienestar de los mexicanos. En ese sentido, Chiapas ha quedado rezagada en cuanto a desarrollo económico. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer un recuento sobre este aumento de la pobreza en dicho estado a partir de 1990, y revisar sus efectos en las familias chiapanecas, en especial apartir de los indicadores educativos, de salud y nutrición.
Miopericitoma del pulpejo del dedo: caso clínico y revisión de la literatura
Authors: García-Jiménez A. , Peiró-Ibáñez A. , Trullols-Tarragó L.
Published: September 2016

Se presenta un caso de miopericitoma, tumor benigno de extraordinaria rareza, localizado en la punta de un dedo de la mano de una mujer de 66 años de edad. El diagnóstico se efectuó tras su exéresis mediante el estudio histológico de la lesión, pues la RM no fue concluyente. Sin embargo, la resección quirúrgica constituye el tratamiento de elección, pues la recidiva local o su malignización son prácticamente inexistentes.
Valuing Indigenous Knowledge in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea: A Model for Agricultural and Environmental Education
Authors: Radcliffe Chris , Parissi Cesidio , Raman Anantanarayanan
Published: September 2016

Current methods of agricultural and environmental education for indigenous farmers in Papua New Guinea (PNG) fail to provide high level engagement. Indigenous knowledge (IK) forms the basis of natural resource management, agriculture and health of farmers in PNG, yet its value to agricultural and environmental education in PNG is rarely recognised. The argument made in this article is that valuing indigenous knowledge will enhance agricultural and environmental education. The purpose of this empirical study was to assess the application of a knowledge management model in understanding indigenous knowledge to enhance agricultural and environmental education. This article focuses on agricultural and environmental indigenous knowledge and culture in two villages in the Western Highlands of PNG. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and apprentice observations were methods to collect data from small-scale indigenous farmers. The study found that as farmers shift to cash crops, IK is devalued against Western knowledge. The study also found that trust, culture, and social barriers limit sharing of knowledge. The article concludes with recommendations for future agricultural and environmental education in the PNG highlands.
From Accommodation to Substantive Equality: Muslim Personal Law, Secular Law, and the Indian Constitution 1985–2015
Authors: DUTTA Sagnik
Published: September 2016

The adjudication of religious personal laws of minority communities in India has been a domain of contestation between competing claims of cultural autonomy, gender justice, and individual rights. The Supreme Court of India has time and again been confronted with the conflict between the secular law and legislation that protects group rights of minorities. While the existing literature has taken note of the attempts by the Indian state and the judiciary at legal-pluralist interventions to secure gender justice within the framework of personal laws based on religion, there has not been a sustained analysis of the discursive construction of constitutional law in dynamic interaction with the secular law and tenets of religion. This paper attempts to address this important gap in the scholarship using a discourse analysis of the judgments of the Supreme Court of India from 1985 until 2015 pertaining to post-divorce maintenance for Muslim women. I examine how the “rights” of Muslim women are framed in a realm of dynamic interaction between legislation premised on community identity, notions of constitutionalism, and personal laws based on religion to argue that the state adopts an interventionist role in a legal-pluralist paradigm; it further uses the specificity of community identity to foreground a vision of social justice.
Melt pond distribution and geometry in high Arctic sea ice derived from aerial investigations
Authors: Huang W. , Lu P. , Lei R. , Xie H. , Li Z.
Published: September 2016

Aerial photography was conducted in the high Arctic Ocean during a Chinese research expedition in summer 2010. By partitioning the images into three distinct surface categories (sea ice/snow, water and melt ponds), the areal fraction of each category, ice concentration and the size and geometry of individual melt ponds, are determined with high-spatial resolution. The ice concentration and melt pond coverage have large spatial deviations between flights and even between images from the marginal ice zone to the pack ice zone in the central Arctic. Ice concentration and pond coverage over high Arctic (from 84°N to north) was ~75% and ~6.8%, respectively, providing ‘ground truth’ for the unusual transpolar reduction strip of ice indicated concurrently by AMSR-E data and for the regions (north of 88°N) where no passive microwave sensors can cover. Melt pond size and shape distributions are examined in terms of pond area (S), perimeter (P), mean caliper dimension (MCD) (L), roundness (R), convex degree (C), the ratio of P/S and fractal dimension (D). Power-law relationships are developed between pond size and number. Some general trends in geometric metrics are identified as a function of pond area including R, C, P/S and D. The scale separation of pond complexity is demonstrated by analyzing area-perimeter data. The results will potentially help the modelling of melt pond evolution and the determination of heterogeneity of under-ice transmitted light fields.
Hölder continuity of Oseledets splittings for semi-invertible operator cocycles
Authors: DRAGIČEVIĆ DAVOR , FROYLAND GARY
Published: September 2016

For Hölder continuous cocycles over an invertible, Lipschitz base, we establish the Hölder continuity of Oseledets subspaces on compact sets of arbitrarily large measure. This extends a result of Araújo et al [On Hölder-continuity of Oseledets subspaces J. Lond. Math. Soc.93 (2016) 194–218] by considering possibly non-invertible cocycles, which, in addition, may take values in the space of compact operators on a Hilbert space. As a by-product of our work, we also show that a non-invertible cocycle with non-vanishing Lyapunov exponents exhibits non-uniformly hyperbolic behaviour (in the sense of Pesin) on a set of full measure.
Hegel and Marx on Individuality and the Universal Good
Authors: Baumann Charlotte
Published: September 2016

Picking up on Marx’s and Hegel’s analyses of human beings as social and individual, the article shows that what is at stake is not merely the possibility of individuality, but also the correct conception of the universal good. Both Marx and Hegel suppose that individuals must be social or politicalas individuals, which means, at least in Hegel’s case, that particular interests must form part of the universal good. The good and the rational is not something that requires sacrificing one’s interests for the community or denying one’s particular character so as to become an equal rational agent. Very much to the contrary, the rational or the common good is nothing but the harmonious structuring of particular interests. While Section I introduces Marx’s and Hegel’s conceptions of individual and social beings, Sections II and III discuss their respective views of individuality, and Sections IV and V discuss the notion of a universal good containing individual interests.
CLABSI Risk Factors in the NICU: Potential for Prevention: A PICNIC Study
Authors: Dahan Maya , O’Donnell Shauna , Hebert Julie , Gonzales Milagros , Lee Bonita , Chandran A. Uma , Woolsey Samantha , Escoredo Sandra , Chinnery Heather , Quach Caroline
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

Central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. We aimed to determine whether intra-abdominal pathologies are an independent risk factor for CLABSI.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective matched case–control study of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of the Montreal Children’s Hospital (Montreal) and the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Canada. CLABSI cases that occurred between April 2009 and March 2014 were identified through local infection control databases. For each case, up to 3 controls were matched (National Healthcare Safety Network [NHSN] birth weight category, chronological age, and central venous catheter (CVC) dwell time at the time of CLABSI onset). Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression.

RESULTS

We identified 120 cases and 293 controls. According to a matched univariate analysis, the following variables were significant risk factors for CLABSI: active intra-abdominal pathology (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–6.4), abdominal surgery in the prior 7 days (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.0–10.9); male sex (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.6) and ≥3 heel punctures (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.9–8.3). According to a multivariate matched analysis, intra-abdominal pathology (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.5–14.1), and ≥3 heel punctures (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.4–12.2) remained independent risk factors for CLABSI.

CONCLUSION

The presence of an active intra-abdominal pathology increased the risk of CLABSI by almost 6-fold. Similar to CLABSI in oncology patients, a subgroup of CLABSI with mucosal barrier injury should be considered for infants in the NICU with active intra-abdominal pathology.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1446–1452