bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding effect for adenine-containing polyimide films
Authors: Hu Jianghuai , Chen Chang , Lu Zheng , Ma Jingzhi , Cheng Kang , Lv Jiangbo , Zeng Ke , Yang Gang
Published: March 2022

A series of adenine-containing polyimides (APIs) with intramolecular hydrogen bonding (HB) were prepared from N 1 -(9-(4-aminophenyl)- 9H-purin-6-yl)-2-methoxybenzene-1,4-diamine (b-H-MeO-APA) and commercial dianhydrides. And a systematic comparison between intramolecular and intermolecular HB effects was made using APIs with (b-H-MeO-APIs) and without (b-H-H-API) methoxy group. FTIR indicated that the occurrence of intramolecular HB originated from the side MeO group ortho to -NH-. XRD indicated that the introduction of side group MeO and corresponding intramolecular HB could destroy the orderly stacking of b-H-H-APIs. Birefringence and polarized ATR FTIR studies showed that the groups and chains in b-H-MeO-APIs films could also be simultaneously self-arranged in the in-plane direction. In contrast, the orientation degree in the in-plane direction is generally lower than that of b-H-H-APIs. The b-H-MeO-APIs films showed lower water absorption, higher Tg, and lower CTE compared to b-H-H-APIs films, which indicates that the introduction of intramolecular HB may have some positive influence in controlling water absorption, Tg, and CTE.
First reported lymphogranuloma venereum cases in Russia discovered in men who have sex with men attending proctologists
Authors: Tyulenev Yuriy A , Guschin Alexander E , Titov Igor S , Frigo Natalia V , Potekaev Nikolai N , Unemo Magnus
Published: March 2022

Background

Several lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported throughout the world since 2003. Nevertheless, no LGV cases have been internationally reported from Russia. We evaluated the prevalence of LGV among MSM attending proctologists in Moscow, Russia, and compared the LGV and non-LGV rectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections.

Methods

MSM ( n = 534) attending for proctologic care were included. Rectal specimens were sampled for CT and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) by nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). All CT-positive patients were tested with an LGV-specific NAAT.

Results

In total, 37.3% (95% CI 33.3–41.5; 199/534) of MSM were CT positive. Of these, 68.8% (95% CI 62.1–74.9; 137/199) had LGV and 31.2% (95% CI 25.1–37.9; 62/199) a non-LGV rectal CT infection. Older age (34 years vs. 31 years, p = 0.035) and group-sex practices (67.2% (92/137) vs. 33.9% (21/62), p < 0.0001) were associated with LGV. The LGV-positive MSM were also more likely to be HIV-positive (67.2% (92/137) vs. 41.9% (26/62), p = 0.001). Proctoscopy revealed ulcerative proctitis/proctocolitis in 99.3% (136/137) of LGV-positive MSM. No ulcerative or erosive proctitis was found in the MSM with non-LGV CT infection, but 58.1% (36/62) of them had anorectal disorders. Finally, mild catarrhal or hemorrhagic proctitis was diagnosed in only 21.6% (8/37) of MSM with non-LGV CT infection lacking concomitant NG or syphilis ( p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

LGV is widely spread among MSM attending proctologists in Moscow. Clinically, acute LGV proctitis/proctocolitis can be difficult to distinguish from inflammatory bowel disease that leads to mismanaged LGV infections. LGV diagnostic laboratory testing is essential, however, currently mainly lacking for MSM in Russia. All MSM with CT-positive rectal specimens should be subsequently tested for LGV.
Integrative nearest neighbor classifier for block-missing multi-modality data
Authors: Yu Guan , Hou Surui
Published: March 2022

In modern biomedical classification applications, data are often collected from multiple modalities, ranging from various omics technologies to brain scans. As different modalities provide complementary information, classifiers using multi-modality data usually have good classification performance. However, in many studies, due to the high cost of measures, in a lot of samples, some modalities are missing and therefore all data from those modalities are missing completely. In this case, the training data set is a block-missing multi-modality data set. In this paper, considering such classification problems, we develop a new weighted nearest neighbors classifier, called the integrative nearest neighbor (INN) classifier. INN harnesses all available information in the training data set and the feature vector of the test data point effectively to predict the class label of the test data point without deleting or imputing any missing data. Given a test data point, INN determines the weights on the training samples adaptively by minimizing the worst-case upper bound on the estimation error of the regression function over a convex class of functions. Our simulation study shows that INN outperforms common weighted nearest neighbors classifiers that only use complete training samples or modalities that are available in each sample. It performs better than methods that impute the missing data as well, even for the case where some modalities are missing not at random. The effectiveness of INN has been also demonstrated by our theoretical studies and a real application from the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative.
Transnational Solidarity Histories in International Service Learning: A Nicaraguan Case Study
Authors: MacDonald Katie
Published: March 2022

Background: Critical literature examining international service learning does not examine the historical formations or expectations and experiences of hosts in depth. Most studies focus on either a critical examination of colonial or imperial history or a wide analysis of host perceptions without the same critical attention to history. Purpose: The research reported in this article focuses on the experiences and histories of Nicaraguan hosts in international service learning. Methodology/Approach: The research includes a qualitative case study and draws on in-depth interviews with 21 Nicaraguan hosts. The research was conducted in 2014 and 2015 as a part of a larger study which also included volunteers. Findings/Conclusions: Nicaraguans who participated in international service learning did so with intentional outcomes that are shaped through Nicaraguan histories of transnational solidarity. This intentional participation meant that programming was cultivated with the hopes for politicized learning outcomes. Implications: International service learning is a complex and problematic pedagogy as has been well documented in the literature. Seeking to understand, however, the motivations and expectations of hosts as contextualized in their own historical formations, cultures and desires can provide alternative frameworks and imagining for international service learning practices.
The DADYS-Screen: Development and Evaluation of a Screening Tool for Affective Dysregulation in Children
Authors: Otto Christiane , Kaman Anne , Barkmann Claus , Döpfner Manfred , Görtz-Dorten Anja , Ginsberg Claudia , Zaplana Labarga Sara , Treier Anne-Katrin , Roessner Veit , Hanisch Charlotte , Koelch Michael , Banaschewski Tobias , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike
Published: March 2022

Affective dysregulation (AD) in children is characterized by persistent irritability and severe temper outbursts. This study developed and evaluated a screening questionnaire for AD in children. The development included the generation of an initial item pool from existing instruments, a Delphi rating of experts, focus groups with experts and parents, and psychometric analyses of clinical and population-based samples. Based on data of a large community-based study, the final screening questionnaire was developed ( n = 771; 49.7 % female; age M = 10.02 years; SD = 1.34) and evaluated ( n = 8,974; 48.7 % female; age M = 10.00 years; SD = 1.38) with methods from classical test theory and item response theory. The developed DADYS-Screen ( Diagnostic Tool for Affective Dysregulation in Children— Screening Questionnaire) includes 12 items with good psychometric properties and scale characteristics including a good fit to a one-factorial model in comparison to the baseline model, although only a “mediocre” fit according to the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Results could be confirmed using a second and larger data set. Overall, the DADYS-Screen is able to identify children with AD, although it needs further investigation using clinical data.
From Bondi to Fairfield: NSW COVID-19 press conferences, health messaging, and social inequality
Authors: Dau Duc , Ellis Katie
Published: March 2022

The use of media sources increases exponentially during a health crisis or disaster. Similarly, digital health information and misinformation can spread quickly through social media. From the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the press conference has been one of the federal, state, and territory governments’ key outlets for providing updates, containing misinformation, reassuring constituents, and articulating public health measures. This article focuses on NSW press conferences relating to the major Delta outbreak in Australia. The article looks at the press conferences as they pertain to the NSW government's controversial targeting of the lower socioeconomic and ethnically diverse south-west ‘hotspot’ or ‘LGA of concern’, Fairfield, which turned the LGA into an area of intense policing. We argue strategic manoeuvring in the press conferences, through the individualisation of responsibility and blame shifting, formed part of the NSW government's attempts to minimise political fallout.
Making masks: The women behind Ghana's nose covering mandate during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Osseo-Asare Abena Dove
Published: March 2022

In 2020, Ghanaians adopted face masks, or “nose masks,” in public places to combat the spread of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Seamstresses and tailors quickly pivoted to manufacture nose masks by April, given the longstanding cottage sewing industry. While the country saw an influx of disposable face masks by the end of the year, cloth mask makers made a significant impact on public health at the start of the pandemic. This article considers how people were able to quickly popularize nose masks in 2020, noting the key role women seamstresses played alongside public leaders, the Ghana Standards Authority, and the police who used punitive punishments and coercive tactics to encourage sustained use as the pandemic continued. It marks one of the first studies on the history and cultural use of nose masks in an African country, comparing their use and adoption to other national mask responses, including those in the United States, Japan, and the Czech Republic.
Local public health projectification in practice: a qualitative study of facilitators and barriers to a public health plan implementation
Authors: Nilsen Heidi M. , Feiring Eli
Published: March 2022

Aims:

To identify factors perceived by local government employees to affect the implementation of a municipal public health plan.

Methods:

Qualitative individual interviews ( n=13) were carried out. Participants were sampled from three districts in Oslo municipality, Norway, and asked about their experiences with an ongoing implementation of the Oslo Public Health Plan (2017–2020). The conceptual framework of public sector projectification – a growing reliance on project organisation of policies – informed the study. The consolidated framework for implementation research was used to aid data coding and subsequent thematic analysis.

Results:

Implementation facilitators included factors perceived to support flexibility, including plan adaptability to the local setting, and factors perceived to enable structure and control during the implementation process, such as the articulation of specific goals and a shared understanding of public health work. Barriers were mainly related to complex aspects of the plan, such as the need to involve multiple stakeholders and levels of governance, and to tensions between the time-limited implementation process and the permanent organisational structures.

Conclusions:

This study has demonstrated how research-based methods can be used for the evaluation of a local community implementation process. It has identified implementation determinants using a predetermined taxonomy of operationally defined factors that are likely to influence implementation. However, while implementing a time-limited public health plan can be seen as ‘taking action’ in relation to multidimensional and complex problems, further research is needed to investigate whether plan implementation has a long-term impact on the surrounding organisation and, eventually, on public health outcomes.
Is the blue wall of silence a fallacy in cases of police sexual misconduct?
Authors: Sweeting Fay , Cole Terri , Hills Peter
Published: March 2022

Police sexual misconduct encompasses a range of behaviours: from sexually inappropriate language directed towards colleagues or members of the public to engaging in sexual relationships with vulnerable members of the public. All types of police misconduct are thought to be under-reported, in part because of the ‘blue wall of silence’ where police officers fail to report colleagues’ wrongdoing for reasons of loyalty and a fear of retribution. A sample of 382 English police officers were invited to assess eight fictional police sexual misconduct scenarios to ascertain whether the scenario was a breach of the Code of Ethics, the expected level of discipline and if they would report the officer. Reporting likelihood was increased when officers perceived the scenario to be a breach of the Code of Ethics and worthy of a higher level of discipline. Female officers were more likely to report sexual misconduct than male officers, and scenarios involving direct colleagues were less likely to be reported. Non-reporting was greatest for sexual harassment between colleagues and the seriousness of this behaviour was minimised as justification for non-reporting. Use of confidential reporting was minimal with direct reporting to a line manager to be the preferred option.
Postgraduate student perceptions of face-to-face and distance education in orthodontics: A cross-sectional qualitative study
Authors: Johnson King Olivia , Ryan Fiona , Cunningham Susan
Published: March 2022

Objective:

To investigate postgraduate student perceptions of face-to-face and distance education on a three-year programme in orthodontics.

Design:

Cross-sectional qualitative study.

Setting:

UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London.

Participants:

A total of 25 current postgraduate orthodontic students in the first, second and third years of training were included in this study.

Methods:

Postgraduate student perceptions were obtained by conducting online focus groups on Zoom Video Communications Inc. A focus group topic guide was developed, and a facilitator was trained to host the focus groups. There were separate focus groups for each year group, with a maximum of five participants in each group. The focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were assessed by all members of the research team and analysed using a thematic content analysis, with a framework approach to identify themes and subthemes regarding perceptions of distance and face-to-face education.

Results:

A total of 25 students participated. Six key themes were identified relating to student perceptions of face-to-face and distance education: (1) social support network; (2) technology; (3) learning experience; (4) education environment; (5) interpersonal interactions; and (6) effective teaching/learning. There were perceived benefits and drawbacks for both modes of teaching delivery. In particular, students highlighted the importance of reliable technology, peer support and accessibility of educational resources for their academic learning. Students favoured a blended approach to learning where practical skills were taught in person and some theoretical aspects taught remotely.

Conclusion:

The results aid the understanding of how educational tools and digital technology can enrich the student academic experience. The results provide important information for the future development and delivery of orthodontic postgraduate education.
Copresence in authoring conversations
Authors: Beauchemin Faythe P
Published: March 2022

Taking a languaging perspective, this paper considers how kindergarten students and their teacher are relationally and intellectually responsive to one another in authoring conversations by constructing a sense of copresence. Copresence is defined by Goffman (1966) as being “uniquely accessible, available, and subject to one another” (p. 22). In this paper, I make Goffman’s construct visible by showing how students and their teacher discursively align with each other. Microethnographic discourse analyses of sharing time events in writing workshop reveal that copresence is performed as playfulness, empathy, and disagreement. Implications include using the construct of copresence to assess the relation between the performance of authoring and the social life of the classroom as well as drawing upon the dialogic, improvisational nature of copresence as a point of pedagogical leverage.
Visual narratives of environmental change: collective memory and identity at New Zealand heritage sites
Authors: Hellmann Olli
Published: March 2022

This article interrogates historical photographs exhibited at public heritage sites in Aotearoa New Zealand. The analysis reveals that – by portraying 19th-century environmental change as a ‘heroic’ narrative of ‘progress’ – the photographs construct New Zealand national identity in opposition to nature, rather than promote a sense of connectedness with the natural environment. The article thus makes three important contributions to the literature on the visualization of environmental and climate change. First, the empirical case study demonstrates that visual narratives shape our social identities in relation to nature. Second, the article adds a rare socio-semiotic analysis to the environmental communication literature, highlighting that photographs have to be examined through multimodal methods and in relation to wider discursive processes of meaning making. Third, by borrowing ideas from the literature on collective memory, the article shows that, even though they depict scenes that are set in the distant past, historical photographs can still influence environmental attitudes and behaviours in the present.
Promoting Awareness to Counter Damaging Attitudes, Beliefs, and Reactions Related to Sexual Assault Against Trans People: A Social Media Campaign for Health and Social Service Providers
Authors: Friedman Burley Joseph , Du Mont Janice , Reid Alexander , Macdonald Sheila
Published: March 2022

Transgender (trans) people face high rates of sexual assault and often encounter systemic barriers in accessing appropriate care and supports, including, among others, stigma, discrimination, and a lack of provider knowledge. Trans communities and allies in research and the service sector have emphasized the potential of advocacy as a tool to dismantle barriers for trans people; however, to date, few advocacy efforts have been undertaken in the sexual assault context. To address this gap, we developed and implemented #TRANSformativeKnowledge, a social media campaign to promote awareness among providers about the damaging attitudes, beliefs, and reactions that often impede trans survivors’ access to appropriate services. Based on insights from a recorded consultation with trans community members and health and social service professionals, we designed seven posters for circulation on Twitter, each containing a representative quote, key message, and associated call to action. The campaign was launched May 17, 2021, with posters Tweeted twice weekly, including one final summary post on June 30, 2021. The campaign reached approximately 100,000 Twitter users, with almost 2,000 engagements. As demonstrated by these findings, our social media advocacy campaign represents a viable method for disseminating knowledge about sexual assault against trans people, which could be replicated by others aspiring to advance health equity through advocacy.
Experimental investigation of cavitation characteristics for a high-speed inducer with a great flow rate
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xia Bin , Kong Fanyu , Li Guidong , Cao Puyu
Published: March 2022

Cavitation performance is a key parameter for a mine high-speed rescue pump, which reduces the stability and reliability of the entire unit. In this study, an experimental method was used to investigate the cavitation characteristics of an inducer installed on the impeller upstream. Hydraulic performance without cavitation was determined along with the cavitation performance, and a visualization experiment was implemented. The inducer head slightly decreased when the cavitation number started to decline; however, it dropped significantly thereafter. At 4200 r/min, anti-cavitation ability of the inducer had no connection with the blade numbers. The anti-cavitation performance of the inducer with three blades was superior than that of the inducer with two blades. The law governing shaft power, cavitation number, and rotating speed disagreed with the similarity law theory. Moreover, the inducer efficiency was higher at greater speeds. The evolution of cavitation bubbles was categorized into the inception, developing, and developed stages. When the cavitation number decreased, vortex cavitation was induced along with the tip leakage vortex; subsequently, wedge-shaped sheet cavitation occurred, which was followed by back-flow vortex cavitation. The areas associated with wedge-shape sheet cavitation and back-flow vortex cavitation increased gradually, extending spirally along the axial direction until the entire flow passage was blocked. Overall, the heads declined by 1.1%–1.9% for the inducer with three and two blades, respectively.
Circulating microRNAs differentiate fast-progressing from slow-progressing and non-progressing knee osteoarthritis in the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort
Authors: Ali Shabana Amanda , Espin-Garcia Osvaldo , Wong Andy K. , Potla Pratibha , Pastrello Chiara , McIntyre Madison , Lively Starlee , Jurisica Igor , Gandhi Rajiv , Kapoor Mohit
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

The objective of this study is to identify circulating microRNAs that distinguish fast-progressing radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort by applying microRNA-sequencing.

Methods:

Participants with Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade 0/1 at baseline were included ( N = 106). Fast-progressors were defined by an increase to KL 3/4 by 4-year follow-up ( N = 20), whereas slow-progressors showed an increase to KL 2/3/4 only at 8-year follow-up ( N = 35). Non-progressors remained at KL 0/1 by 8-year follow-up ( N = 51). MicroRNA-sequencing was performed on plasma collected at baseline and 4-year follow-up from the same participants. Negative binomial models were fitted to identify differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs. Penalized logistic regression (PLR) analyses were performed to select combinations of DE microRNAs that distinguished fast-progressors. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were constructed to evaluate predictive ability.

Results:

DE analyses revealed 48 microRNAs at baseline and 2 microRNAs at 4-year follow-up [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05] comparing fast-progressors with both slow-progressors and non-progressors. Among these were hsa-miR-320b, hsa-miR-320c, hsa-miR-320d, and hsa-miR-320e, which were predicted to target gene families, including members of the 14-3-3 gene family, involved in signal transduction. PLR models included miR-320 members as top predictors of fast-progressors and yielded AUC ranging from 82.6 to 91.9, representing good accuracy.

Conclusion:

The miR-320 family is associated with fast-progressing radiographic knee OA and merits further investigation as potential biomarkers and mechanistic drivers of knee OA.
Women’s Land Ownership and Gender Equality in Nepal
Authors: Koirala Srijana
Published: March 2022

The study is an endeavor to contribute to the impact developing social circumstances regarding land ownership among women and its relation to gender equality. The purpose of this research debunks the factors effecting women land ownership and their impact on socio-economic equality. A survey was done among 100 women of a remote village, in southern Lalitpur regarding land ownership, with relation to variables such as level of education of women, ethnicity, age, presence of legal documents, knowledge of government policies, and family structure. Factors such as occupation of women, role in household decision making, and involvement in social and political spheres were also studied in relation to their land ownership. The survey was done with purposive and proportional stratified sampling among ethnic communities of Brahmin/Chhetri and Janajati. A questionnaire survey, key informant survey, focus group discussion and in-depth case study were done. Twenty-one percent of the females interviewed had land on their own and this data also had a variation with ethnic communities. It was found that women with land feel confident in the social and economic sphere of society. Brahmin community was found to be more aware of the government policies encouraging female land ownership than the Janajati community. This study aims to add knowledge on the conversation in gender equality and its relation to land and property ownership.
Recent advances in auxetics: Applications in cementitious composites
Authors: Gan Zihong , Zhuge Yan , Thambiratnam David P , Chan Tommy HT , Zahra Tatheer , Asad Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Auxetic materials, possessing negative Poisson’s ratios (NPRs), have the ability to shrink (or expand) in the lateral direction under an axial compressive (or tensile) force respectively. Due to this unique feature, an auxetic material is found to sustain high energy absorption capacity, fracture toughness and shear resistance and thus regarded as one of the future materials in the field of impact protection. However, civil engineering applications of auxetic structures or materials are minimal due to miscellaneous restrictions on NPR effects. Accumulative developments in auxetics have facilitated their applications in cementitious materials in recent years. This paper presents an overview of recent advances in the development of auxetic cementitious composites and analyses and summarises their mechanical properties under different loading conditions. Prior to extensive finite element simulations, more attention has been given to the limited experimental results. Particular attention is paid to the expansionary feasibility of the parent material to introduce auxetic behaviour, with precise identification of the limitations, innovative composition methods and facilitation of auxetic features. Finally, the paper outlines the limitations of the current research and envisages few future research opportunities in auxetic cementitious composites.
Disciplinary approaches and theories in Argentinian public relations undergraduate programmes
Authors: Sadi Gabriel , Ferrari Maria Aparecida
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to verify the utilisation of the existing public relations general approaches and theories at a global scale in the public relations undergraduate programmes of the five leading Argentinian universities. A qualitative approach with an exploratory scope that employs data collection techniques such as the qualitative content analysis of academic documents, semi-structured in-depth interviews and structured surveys for ascertaining theoretical loading are used. Results reveal that public relations undergraduate programmes in Argentina present a markedly professional character and prefer theoretical frameworks linked to the functionalist tradition.
Risk factors and spatial analysis for domiciliary infestation with the Chagas disease vector Triatoma venosa in Colombia
Authors: Quiros-Gomez Oscar , Segura-Cardona Ángela , Flórez Piedad Agudelo , Pinto Néstor , Medina Manuel , Henao-Martínez Andrés F. , Olivera Mario J. , Parra-Henao Gabriel
Published: March 2022

Background:

In Colombia, communities living in the Andean region are the most affected by Chagas disease due to the presence of the main vectors, the environmental and risk factors associated with house infestation. Triatoma venosa is classified as a secondary vector that is frequently found in the departments of Boyaca and Cundinamarca, but epidemiological information and its association with risk factors in domestic and peridomestic areas is unknown. The study aimed to evaluate housing and environmental characteristics associated with domestic and peridomestic infestation by T. venosa and a risk map was estimated.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in municipalities of Boyaca and Cundinamarca, Colombia. From March to July 2015, triatomine infestation screening surveys were conducted in 155 households. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate associations with the infestation and ecological niche modeling was estimated using environmental variables.

Results:

No statistical association was found with any of the housing variables in the adjusted multivariate analysis. However, in raw relationship infestation was associated with bushes  < 10 m (OR = 3; 95% CI: 1.3–7.3) and higher temperature p value  < 0.05. The developed final risk map pointed to 12 municipalities with no previous report of the disease, which should be sampled for the presence of T. venosa.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the relationship between environmental factors and T. venosa in Colombia and the importance of modeling tools to improve mapping efforts. Additional studies are needed to verify the association with bushes and higher temperatures and to verify infestation in predicted risk area with no previous report of the species
What makes an online help-seeking message go far during the COVID-19 crisis in mainland China? A multilevel regression analysis
Authors: Chen Anfan , Ng Aaron , Xi Yipeng , Hu Yong
Published: March 2022

Various studies have explored the underlying mechanisms that enhance the overall reach of a support-seeking message on social media networks. However, little attention has been paid to an under-examined structural feature of help-seeking message diffusion, information diffusion depth, and how support-seeking messages can traverse vertically into social media networks to reach other users who are not directly connected to the help-seeker. Using the multilevel regression to analyze 705 help-seeking posts regarding COVID-19 on Sina Weibo, we examined sender, content, and environmental factors to investigate what makes help-seeking messages traverse deeply into social media networks. Results suggested that bandwagon cues, anger, instrumental appeal, and intermediate self-disclosure facilitate the diffusion depth of help-seeking messages. However, the effects of these factors were moderated by the epidemic severity. Implications of the findings on support-seeking behavior and narrative strategies on social media were also discussed.
An analysis of public-oriented science communication by Chinese research groups in the context of responsible innovation
Authors: Ma Jianquan , Liu Xuan
Published: March 2022

Scientific research groups in universities and research institutions are primary units for providing public-oriented science communication. This study is one of the few studies concerning scientific research groups in China. In 2018, our research team surveyed the public-oriented science communication activities of 601 scientific research groups in China using questionnaires. The survey shows that Chinese scientific research groups are active in promoting science to the public, and that related work structure and guarantee mechanisms have been established and have already produced some social benefits. However, there remain challenges, including limited channels for science communication, insufficient collaboration among the participants in the communication process and unbalanced investment. Based on an analysis of the survey results, we put forward several suggestions on how to encourage scientific research groups of universities and research institutions to engage in public-oriented science communication activities.
Instructional Supports for Motivation Trajectories in Introductory College Engineering
Authors: Robinson Kristy A. , Lira Amalia Krystal , Walton S. Patrick , Briedis Daina , Linnenbrink-Garcia Lisa
Published: March 2022

Students, instructors, and policy makers are in need of research-based recommendations for supporting students’ motivation to pursue STEM fields. The present study addressed this need by examining relations between perceived motivational supports, year-long trajectories of expectancy for success and three task values, and grades among students ( N = 1,021) in a large, gateway engineering course. Results indicated that students with higher motivation at the beginning of the year tended to perceive their class as more motivationally supportive. Controlling for relations between initial motivation and perceptions, perceived instructional supports for mastery goals, autonomy, and competence predicted more positive trajectories of all three task values. Conversely, higher perceived instructor performance goals negatively predicted grades and the slopes of self-efficacy and interest value. Results contribute key understanding about the interconnectedness of individual motivation and climate perceptions, while indicating the importance students place on certain motivationally supportive practices in promoting students’ STEM motivation trajectories.
“Can We Vaccinate Everybody?” A Rehabilitation Ward's Experience of an Inpatient COVID-19 Vaccination Program
Authors: Dalton Catherine , Lafeuillee Gisele
Published: March 2022

Gwynne Holford Ward (GHW) is an inpatient rehabilitation Unit at Queen Mary’s Hospital in London, UK, which provides care for patients with amputation rehabilitation needs (10 beds) as well as Level 1 and 2 specialist neurorehabilitation needs (26 beds). The ward MDT has encouraged all inpatients to be vaccinated either during or prior to admission. We have conducted a weekly snapshot audit over a 3-week period in March 2021, which has shown an increase of the percentage of inpatients vaccinated, progressively from 68.75% to 80%, and 73% of vaccinated inpatients received the vaccine whilst on the ward. We also conducted inpatient interviews, which highlighted that: (1) opening dialogue about vaccines increased uptake of COVID-19 vaccine; (2) patients felt that all vaccination sites provided quick, efficient service; and (3) all patients who received the first COVID-19 vaccine were willing to have the second COVID-19 vaccine. Finally, although there were many hurdles faced whilst organizing the inpatient vaccination process, we have been able to cumulatively vaccinate 80% of rehabilitation inpatients making our ward a safer place to work and rehabilitate.
Early Feeding and Weaning Practices of Indian Children with Early Childhood Caries: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Suprabha B.S. , Shenoy R. , Mahabala K.Y. , Nayak A.P. , Rao A. , D’Souza V.
Published: March 2022

Objective:

To describe the early feeding, weaning, and oral hygiene practices of children with early childhood caries (ECC), their parents’ knowledge and attitudes regarding infant feeding, and the feeding-related challenges faced by the parents.

Methods:

This descriptive qualitative study involved parents of children with ECC who sought dental treatment at an academic dental college in India. Data were collected though focus groups conducted with the 27 parents of children with ECC, using a focus group discussion guide. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method.

Results:

Community norms, such as learning from the older women in the families or neighborhoods, guided the feeding method, duration of feeding, and weaning. Breastfeeding or bottle-feeding at bedtime beyond 12 mo of age and feeding sugary drinks during weaning were standard practices, despite knowing the risk for dental caries. Parents faced multiple challenges regarding weaning and were unaware of the significance of infant oral hygiene practices.

Conclusion:

In children with ECC, infant feeding practices included prolonged breastfeeding or bottle-feeding beyond the required age, feeding at bedtime, and feeding sugary drinks. Although the parents knew that these feeding habits could increase the risk for caries, they lacked the self-efficacy to translate their knowledge into action during weaning. Also, they lacked awareness regarding infant oral hygiene practices.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

The study provides information on the feeding habits of infants that can increase the risk for caries, the challenges faced by the parents of these children in altering these risky habits, and their lack of knowledge on infant oral hygiene practices. Policy/decision makers can advocate for pediatricians and pediatric dentists to incorporate anticipatory guidance or motivational interviewing techniques to tailor the preventive program for ECC for Indian children.
The effect of stretching and tie layer composition on adhesion strength of multi-layered films
Authors: Paul Mou , Morris Barry , Weinhold Jeff , Hausmann Karlheinz
Published: March 2022

Multilayer films are widely used in flexible packaging to provide an optimum balance of performance and cost. Orientation in the semi-solid state via tenter frame, double bubble, and machine direction orientation processes enhances barrier and mechanical properties and offers a means toward light weighting packaging structures. Interlayer adhesion of coextruded films, however, substantially decreases during the orientation as the generated new interfacial area decreases bond density and chain segments are stressed. A guideline is proposed that provides insight into how changes during orientation in chain segment penetration, entanglement, bond orientation, and density affect peel strength because of semi-solid state orientation. Examples are provided that use these insights to design novel tie resins with improved performance.
Zanubrutinib in relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma: long-term efficacy and safety results from a phase 2 study
Authors: Song Yuqin , Zhou Keshu , Zou Dehui , Zhou Jianfeng , Hu Jianda , Yang Haiyan , Zhang Huilai , Ji Jie , Xu Wei , Jin Jie , Lv Fangfang , Feng Ru , Gao Sujun , Guo Haiyi , Zhou Lei , Huang Jane , Novotny William , Kim Pil , Yu Yiling , Wu Binghao , Zhu Jun
Published: March 2022

Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor is an established treatment for relapsed/refractory (R/R) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Zanubrutinib, a highly selective BTK inhibitor, is approved for patients with MCL who have received ≥1 prior therapy. We report the long-term safety and efficacy results from the multicenter, open-label, phase 2 registration trial of zanubrutinib. Patients (n = 86) received oral zanubrutinib 160 mg twice daily. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR), assessed per Lugano 2014. After a median follow-up of 35.3 months, the ORR was 83.7%, with 77.9% achieving complete response (CR); the median duration of response was not reached. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 33.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.4-NE). The 36-month PFS and overall survival (OS) rates were 47.6% (95% CI, 36.2-58.1) and 74.8% (95% CI, 63.7-83.0), respectively. The safety profile was largely unchanged with extended follow-up. Most common (≥20%) all-grade adverse events (AEs) were neutrophil count decreased (46.5%), upper respiratory tract infection (38.4%), rash (36.0%), white blood cell count decreased (33.7%), and platelet count decreased (32.6%); most were grade 1/2 events. Most common (≥10%) grade ≥3 AEs were neutrophil count decreased (18.6%) and pneumonia (12.8%). Rates of infection, neutropenia, and bleeding were highest in the first 6 months of therapy and decreased thereafter. No cases of atrial fibrillation/flutter, grade ≥3 cardiac AEs, second primary malignancies, or tumor lysis syndrome were reported. After extended follow-up, zanubrutinib demonstrated durable responses and a favorable safety profile in R/R MCL. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03206970.
Effect of genotyping strategies on the sustained benefit of single-step genomic BLUP over multiple generations
Authors: Sánchez-Mayor Milagros , Riggio Valentina , Navarro Pau , Gutiérrez-Gil Beatriz , Haley Chris S. , De la Fuente Luis Fernando , Arranz Juan-José , Pong-Wong Ricardo
Published: March 2022

Background

Single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) allows the inclusion of information from genotyped and ungenotyped individuals in a single analysis. This avoids the need to genotype all candidates with the potential benefit of reducing overall costs. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of genotyping strategies, the proportion of genotyped candidates and the genotyping criterion to rank candidates to be genotyped, when using ssGBLUP evaluation. A simulation study was carried out assuming selection over several discrete generations where a proportion of the candidates were genotyped and evaluation was done using ssGBLUP. The scenarios compared were: (i) three genotyping strategies defined by their protocol for choosing candidates to be genotyped (RANDOM: candidates were chosen at random; TOP: candidates with the best genotyping criterion were genotyped; and EXTREME: candidates with the best and worse criterion were genotyped); (ii) eight proportions of genotyped candidates (p); and (iii) two genotyping criteria to rank candidates to be genotyped (candidates’ own phenotype or estimated breeding values). The criteria of the comparison were the cumulated gain and reliability of the genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV).

Results

The genotyping strategy with the greatest cumulated gain was TOP followed by RANDOM, with EXTREME behaving as RANDOM at low p and as TOP with high p. However, the reliability of GEBV was higher with RANDOM than with TOP. This disparity between the trend of the gain and the reliability is due to the TOP scheme genotyping the candidates with the greater chances of being selected. The extra gain obtained with TOP increases when the accuracy of the selection criterion to rank candidates to be genotyped increases.

Conclusions

The best strategy to maximise genetic gain when only a proportion of the candidates are to be genotyped is TOP, since it prioritises the genotyping of candidates which are more likely to be selected. However, the strategy with the greatest GEBV reliability does not achieve the largest gain, thus reliability cannot be considered as an absolute and sufficient criterion for determining the scheme which maximises genetic gain.
Full-length transcriptome sequencing reveals the molecular mechanism of potato seedlings responding to low-temperature
Authors: Yan Chongchong , Zhang Nan , Wang Qianqian , Fu Yuying , Zhao Hongyuan , Wang Jiajia , Wu Gang , Wang Feng , Li Xueyan , Liao Huajun
Published: March 2022

Background

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the world's most important crops, the cultivated potato is frost-sensitive, and low-temperature severely influences potato production. However, the mechanism by which potato responds to low-temperature stress is unclear. In this research, we apply a combination of second-generation sequencing and third-generation sequencing technologies to sequence full-length transcriptomes in low-temperature-sensitive cultivars to identify the important genes and main pathways related to low-temperature resistance.

Results

In this study, we obtained 41,016 high-quality transcripts, which included 15,189 putative new transcripts. Amongst them, we identified 11,665 open reading frames, 6085 simple sequence repeats out of the potato dataset. We used public available genomic contigs to analyze the gene features, simple sequence repeat, and alternative splicing event of 24,658 non-redundant transcript sequences, predicted the coding sequence and identified the alternative polyadenylation. We performed cluster analysis, GO, and KEGG functional analysis of 4518 genes that were differentially expressed between the different low-temperature treatments. We examined 36 transcription factor families and identified 542 transcription factors in the differentially expressed genes, and 64 transcription factors were found in the AP2 transcription factor family which was the most. We measured the malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, and proline contents and the expression genes changed associated with low temperature resistance in the low-temperature treated leaves. We also tentatively speculate that StLPIN10369.5 and StCDPK16 may play a central coordinating role in the response of potatoes to low temperature stress.

Conclusions

Overall, this study provided the first large-scale full-length transcriptome sequencing of potato and will facilitate structure–function genetic and comparative genomics studies of this important crop.
Transcranial sonography depicts a larger substantia nigra echogenic area in renal transplant patients on calcineurin inhibitors than on rapamycin
Authors: Araújo Nordeval Cavalcante , Suassuna José Hermógenes Rocco , Fernandes Rita de Cássia Leite
Published: March 2022

Background

After kidney transplantation neurologic manifestations may develop, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). An enlarged substantia nigra (SN) by transcranial sonography has been recognized as a marker of PD.

Methods

In renal transplant recipients (RTRs = 95) and controls (n = 20), measurement of mesencephalon, SN, third ventricle, spleen and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and middle cerebral artery (MCA), kidney and spleen arteries Doppler resistive index (RI) were performed.

Results

RTRs had larger SN, third ventricle and cIMT and higher renal RI than controls. The SN was larger in the CNIs group than in controls and rapamycin group, while the third ventricle was similar between patients but larger than in controls. In RTRs, SN showed a direct linear correlation with spleen and the third ventricle with age, cIMT and RI of the MCA, kidney and spleen. In CNIs group the SN correlated positively with age and cIMT, while the third ventricle reproduced RTRs correlations. Rapamycin group showed a direct linear relationship between the third ventricle and age and RI of the MCA, kidney and spleen; SN showed no correlations.

Conclusion

RTRs on CNIs present a larger SN area than on rapamycin, probably due to the antiproliferative effect of rapamycin. This finding might be relevant when interpreting TCS in RTRs.