bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional analysis of the bovine beta- and kappa casein gene promoters using homologous mammary gland derived cell line
Authors: Debeljak M. , Frajman P. , Lenasi T. , Narat M. , Baldi A. , Dovc P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Bovine casein gene cluster belongs to the best studied regions of the bovine genome. However, molecular basis of the regulation of casein gene expression is still of great interest for the advancement of milk production. Identification of crucial regulatory regions governing casein gene expression would provide valuable information for marker assisted selection in dairy cattle. In our study we performed comparative analysis of the bovine beta- and kappa casein gene promoter sequences with the regulatory sequences from some other species. In addition, we used homologous mammary gland derived cell culture and luciferase reporter gene system to confirm the functionality of the proximal beta and kappa casein promoters. The longer kappa casein promoter (2064 bp) showed the highest expression level, followed by the short kappa casein promoter (925 bp) and beta casein promoter (1692 bp). Here we demonstrate the suitability of the bovine mammary gland derived cell line BME UV1 for transient gene expression under transcriptional control of the bovine casein gene promoters and compare functionality of different fragments of bovine beta- and kappa casein gene promoters using homologous in vitro system.
Untersuchung von Assoziationen zwischen dem Prion-Protein-Gen und Leistungseigenschaften beim Schaf an Stations- und Felddaten
Authors: Gernand E. , Lenz H. , Moog U. , Waβmuth R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Association between prion – protein - haplotypes and yield traits of station and field tested sheep On the basis of routinely collected data and genotypes of the prion Protein from stud book and performance testing of sheep in Thuringia, associations between prion – protein - haplotypes and traits of fattening, carcasses, fleece and fertility were estimated. The number of useable Animals was for different attributes (altogether, genotyped) fattening 7316/793, ultrasound 4733/793, carcass 3787/165, wool score 2198/795 and litter size 26000/1643. For survival- analysis were 20803 died animals, thereof 284 genotyped and 7257 living animals, thereof 1452 genotyped useable. Most of these traits showed no association with haplotypes of the prion protein. For the breed “Merinolandschaf” there was a tendency towards finer wool for homozygous ARR-carriers. In general, beyond the effect of the reduced selection pressure, no disadvantage is expected for Thuringian breeds when ARR – Haplotypes proliferate. Survival analyses show that known ARR-carriers stay longer in the flock.
Rearing diet effects on body condition and milk performance in first lactating dairy cows – A longitudinal study
Authors: Müller U. , Sharifi A. R. , Staufenbiel R. , Hasselmann L. , Tripmacher R. , Wiebe J. , Brockmann G. A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Fourteen pairs of identical female Holstein twins were used for a feeding trial during a period between 3rd and 21st month. One in two sibling was reared continuously at a medium (M) and the other one at a high (H) feeding intensity. Lasting diet effects of body weight (BW), back fat thickness (BFT), and milk performance (M-kg) were analyzed for the subsequent lactation. A lasting diet effect was verifiable for BFT, whereas BW don’t differ between groups. BFT indicated the changes from negative to positive energy balance 7 and 10 weeks later than BW, for M and H group, respectively. Besides, BFT showed, that the duration and dimension of negative energy balance was longer in H group than in M group. BFT difference became smaller according day of lactation and resulted in about zero at day 305 of lactation. If the groups were compared only by feeding intensity, the daily milk yield was 1.7 kg higher in M than in H group, but the difference didn’t show any significance (p=0.22). However, the tendency of superiority was completely absorbed after the addition of the covariate age at first calving (AFC) in the model. Presented date in identical twins give no indications for lasting feeding effects per se on milk performance.
Effects of Three Different Lighting Programs on Live Weight Change of Bronze Turkeys under Semi-Intensive Conditions
Authors: Mendes M. , Karaabayir A. , Ersoy I. E. , Atasoglu C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of three lighting programs (23L: 1D), (18L: 6D), and (12L: 12D) on live weight changes of American Bronze turkeys by Profile analysis technique. The F-statistics and Wilk’s Lamba statistics for testing group-response interaction or similar profiles suggested that there was a significant interaction effect (p<0.01). The effects of the three lighting programs on live weight gain appeared to be different throughout the study except for the last 6 weeks. On the other hand, the results of the present study suggested that the effect of the three lighting programs on live weight gain followed a similar trend or three lighting programs had similar physiological effect on live weight gain from 10th week on wards.
Proliferation response of lymphocytes in naturally BLV-infected cows with different phenotypes of blood leukocyte acid phosphatase
Authors: Kaczmarczyk E. , Bojarojć-Nosowiczand B. , Kamiński T.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In Black-and-White cattle, polymorphism of blood leukocyte acid phosphatase (AcP) is determined by a pair of autosomal alleles. Blood leukocyte AcP polymorphism exhibits a correlation with the white cell composition and the granulocyte metabolic efficiency in clinically healthy animals. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the AcP polymorphism and the lymphocyte proliferation response capacity in the first three months after calving of cows naturally-infected with bovine leukaemia virus. The study covered 61 Black-and-White cows originating from one herd. The ELISA and PCR tests were used in the diagnosing BLV infections. Additionally agarose gel electrophoresis was used to determine the AcP polymorphism and the lymphocyte proliferation efficiency was determined based on the lymphoblastic transformation test using the isotope method. The obtained results suggest that the product of blood leukocyte acid phosphatase gene is likely to participate in the lymphocyte activation and proliferation and that there is an association between the biological function expression of the AcP gene product and the cows' susceptibility to infection with bovine leukaemia virus. Moreover, the results obtained seem to indicate that the correlation of both factors − the bovine leukaemia virus and the month of lactation − modifies the proliferation response of the phytohaemagglutinin unstimulated lymphocytes.
Einfluss von elastischem Bodenbelag auf Milchmenge, Fett, Eiweiß und Zellgehalt bei Kühen in Laufstallhaltung
Authors: Kremer P. , Nüske S. , Scholz A. M. , Förster M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effect of soft flooring in free stalls on milk yield, fat, protein and somatic cell counts in dairy cattle Research conducted at the Experimental Farm Oberschleißheim focused on comparing milk yield, fat, protein and somatic cell counts in dairy cattle housed in free stalls with concrete slatted floor and rubber mats covering the concrete slatted floor. Data were collected from 49 cows in 53 lactation periods, which were divided into experimental group (n = 26) on rubber matted floor (EBG) and control group (n = 27) on concrete slatted floor (BBG). Housing conditions of both groups differed in kind of cubicles. EBG had soft rubber mat mattresses, BBG had cubicles with straw manure mattresses. Data analysed originated from the official milk performance testing of the "Landeskuratorium der Erzeugerringe für tierische Veredelung in Bayern e.V." and from activity counters worn by the cows. Statistical analysis resulted in a significant higher activity level of the EBG versus BBG. Milk yield and protein showed no significant difference between both groups, fat was significant higher in BBG. Somatic cell counts were significant lower in EBG. Data analysed regarding activity level classes showed a trend of decreasing milk yield and milk constituents with increasing activity. No evidence was found that soft floor results in higher milk yield. But a higher activity level of EBG cows might indicate a higher cow comfort on elastic floor.
Analysis of association of GPX5, FUT1 and ESR2 genotypes with litter size in a commercial pig cross population
Authors: Buske B. , Sternstein I. , Reissmann M. , Reinecke P. , Brockmann G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate, if special genotypes of the genes glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPX5), fucosyltransferase 1 (FUT1) and estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) are associated with litter size in a commercial pig cross population. For this purpose, a total of 123 F2 sows were divided into two extreme performance groups, one with a high litter size (n = 61, ≥ 14.3 piglets per litter) and one with a low litter size (n = 62, ≤ 11.3 piglets per litter) and genotyped using PCR-RFLP methods. The Chi-square test was used in order to investigate, if a special genotype occurs significantly more often in one of the two performance groups (p < 0.05). Whereas no association was found between different ESR2 or GPX5 genotypes with one of the two performance groups, the number of sows with AB genotypes at the FUT1 gene was significantly increased in the high performance group in comparison to the low performance group.
Growth curve establishment for American Bronze turkeys (short communication)
Authors: Ersoy I. E. , Mendeş M. , Aktan S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to establish the growth curves parameters of American Bronze turkeys. The weekly body weight changes of male and female turkeys were recorded during 11 to 24 weeks of age. The Richards' growth model fitted the turkey weight and age (week) data. Profile analysis was also applied to weight-age data in order to get more detailed information about the differences in the live weights of male and female turkeys in consecutive weeks. Estimates for mature body weight were found as 9720.40 ± 971.33 g and higher for males than for females as 6029.96 ± 316.55 g. Based on Richards’ model, male turkeys matured more slowly and it was needed that a more time to reach mature body weight than female turkeys. Results of profile analysis supported those results. Estimates for the absolute growth rate, absolute maturing rate and relative growth rate values were higher for females when compared to males. Male turkeys reached the maximum growth rate at 16.30 weeks of age whereas female ones reached the maximum growth rate at 12.85 weeks of age. Live weights of male and female turkeys, when both reached the maximum growth rate, were 3475.61 g and 2156.06 g, respectively. Male turkeys reached 80 % of their mature weights at 24 weeks of age, whereas female ones reached 92% of their mature weight.
Comparison of carcass traits and meat quality of Hyplus hybrid, purebred Pannon White rabbits and their crossbreds
Authors: Metzger S. , Odermatt M. , Szendrő Z. , Mohaupt M. , Romvári R. , Makai A. , Biró-Németh E. , Radnai I. , Sipos L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of the experiment was to compare the weight gain, carcass traits and meat quality of Hyplus hybrid (HH, offspring of Hyplus PS59 bucks and Hyplus PS19 does, n = 77), purebred Pannon White rabbits (PP, offspring of Pannon White bucks and Pannon White does, n = 84) and their crossbreds (PH: offspring of Pannon White bucks and Hyplus PS19 does, n = 97; HP: offspring of Hyplus PS59 bucks and Pannon White does, n = 79). Pannon White rabbits are selected for body weight gain and for carcass traits by computerised tomography (CT), while Hyplus PS19 females and Hyplus PS59 males are selected on prolificacy and body weight gain, respectively. Rabbits of HP genotype had the highest while those of PP genotype the lowest body weight gain (38.9 and 36.6 g/day, respectively; P<0.05). Pannon White breed had an advantageous influence on dressing out percentage (PP: 58.0%; PH: 58.7%; HP: 57.7%; HH: 57.6%; P<0.001) and on the weight of the m. Longissimus dorsi (PP: 152 g; PH: 143 g; HP: 137 g; HH: 136 g; P<0.001). The fat content of the carcass was lower in the offspring of the Hyplus PS59 bucks (1.15, 1.16, 0.89 and 0.85% for PP, PH, HP and HH rabbits, respectively; P<0.001). Significant differences were found between the meat samples of progenies of purebred Pannon White and the hybrid terminal cross rabbits in the moisture and fat content of hindleg meat (moisture content: PP: 75.5%, HH: 76.1%, P<0.05; fat content: PP: 2.38%, HH: 1.46%; P<0.001). From the view point of dressing out percentage and the volume of the m. Longissimus dorsi the usage of Pannon White genotype is advantageous. Dressing out percentage of the offspring of the early-matured Hyplus PS19 does and Pannon White bucks selected with the help of computerised tomography is remarkable.
Effect of laying period and duck origin on egg characteristics
Authors: Okruszek A. , Książkiewicz J. , Wołoszyn J. , Kisiel T. , Orkusz A. , Biernat J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The study was carried out on eggs of two-year-old Orpington ducks (O1) and crossbred ducks Khaki Campbell×Orpington (KhO). Eggs for analysis were collected in the 6th and the 22nd week of egg laying. The eggs of KhO ducks had greater weight (72.45 g), specific gravity (1.083 g/cm3) and a thicker shell (0.67 mm) in comparison to eggs of the O1 population (70.64 g, 1.081 g/cm3 and 0.65 mm, respectively). Eggshell content accounted for 9.53% and 7.85% of egg weight in KhO and O1 ducks, respectively. Eggs of KhO ducks were characterized by a lower egg white index (0.07), yolk content (39.48%) and protein content of egg white as well as lower L* parameter of yolk than eggs of O1 ducks. In KhO eggs, yolk lipids contained more C 18:1 cis-9, C 20:4, C 22:6 and C 20:5 and less α C 18:3 and C 18:1 trans-11 fatty acids than those of O1 eggs. The eggs laid in the 6th week had greater weight (by 3.61 g), specific gravity (by 0.01 g/cm3), egg white content (by 2.26%), eggshell thickness (by 0.04 mm), strength (by 10.70 N) and deformation (by 0.90%), and lower yolk content (by 2.34%) than the eggs laid in the 22nd week of laying. Furthermore, the eggs laid at the beginning of the second laying period were characterized by higher protein content of egg white and yolk (by 0.26% and 0.49% respectively) and pH value of egg white and yolk, lower lightness of yolk (L*), higher unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) content of yolk (especially polyunsaturated fatty acids – PUFA, by 2.53%), and lower saturated fatty acids (SFA) content of yolk (by 3.10%) and total cholesterol content (by 2.38%).
The age at first calving and the longevity of beef cows in Hungary
Authors: Dákay I. , Márton D. , Bene S. , Kiss B. , Zsuppán Z. , Szabó F.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The length of time beef cows spend in production is an important component of the rentability of beef cattle husbandry. In spite of this fact, very few publications have dealt with this trait, either in Hungary or abroad. Therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate some of the age parameters of beef cows related to the production period. A database of 2115 cows belonging to five breeds (Hungarian Grey, Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Limousin, Charolais) and two crossbred genotypes (Simmental x Hereford F1, Simmental x Limousin F1) born between 1977–1992 was evaluated. Age at first calving (AFC), age at culling (ACU), moreover longevity (LONG) were studied. Longevity is defined as the number of years from first calving to culling. The mean values of AFC, ACU and LONG obtained were 2.71, 9.47 and 6.77 years, respectively. Breed/genotype and birth year had significant influence (P<0.01) on each evaluated trait, whereas birth month statistically affected only the AFC. Ages at first calving of the different breeds and genotypes were: 3.51, 2.08, 2.76, 2.82, 3.02, 2.03, 2.62 years, respectively. Hereford crossbred and purebred cows were the youngest, whereas Hungarian Grey cows were the oldest at first calving. Ages of culling of the evaluated breeds and genotypes were as follows: 12.42, 11.09, 11.03, 10.61, 10.89, 12.73, 8.15 years, respectively. The longest life span was reached by Hereford crossbred and Hungarian Grey and the shortest by Limousin crossbred cows. This trait shows a decreasing trend (from 15.35 years to 5.91 years) from the birth year of 1977 to 1992. The longevity values of the mentioned breeds and genotypes were: 8.59, 9.08, 8.29, 7.81, 7.91, 10.79, 5.55 years, respectively. Hereford crossbred and purebred cows had the longest, Limousin crossbred cows the shortest productive lives. This trait also shows a decreasing trend (from 12.45 to 3.31 years) in the case of cows born between 1977 and 1992.
Effects of Transferrin (TF) Polymorphism on the Levels of Some Blood Serum Indices in Clinically Healthy Piglets and Piglets with Diarrhoea Caused by Escherichia coli
Authors: Życzko G. M. , Życzko K. , Osek J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The effect of transferrin (TF) polymorphism and the levels of some blood serum indices, functionally linked to this protein, were studied. The following determinations were made in the blood serum of 311 hybrid suckling piglets - TF polymorphism, TIBC (total iron binding capacity), TF iron saturation percentage and levels of iron ceruloplasmin (CP) and copper. Clinically healthy piglets and piglets with diarrhoea caused by E. coli were divided into younger (aged 10 to 14 days) and older (aged 15 to 28 days). The piglets showed two genotypes, TF AB and TF BB. The TF BB genotype dominated among clinically healthy piglets, and the TF AB genotype in those suffering from diarrhoea. TF polymorphism differentiated the levels of CP and copper in clinically healthy piglets, and modified iron concentration and TF iron saturation percentage in piglets with diarrhoea. Regardless of health status, age had an almost identical effect on the levels of blood serum indices in piglets of both genotypes. The differences in the levels of CP, iron, and TF iron saturation percentage in healthy piglets and piglets with diarrhoea were modified by the presence of the TFA allele, but in older piglets only.
Basic elements of eviscerated carcass and chemical composition of pectoral muscle in selected and unselected ducks (short communication)
Authors: Witkiewicz K. , Kontecka H. , Książkiewicz J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Forty 7-week-old ducks, 5 males and 5 females, from strains A44 and P66 and conservation flocks P33 and K2 were investigated. Their carcasses were dissected and chemical composition of the pectoralis major muscle was analysed. The carcasses of A44 and K2 drakes and ducks contained (%) significantly more pectoral muscles compared to the carcasses of P66 and P33 drakes and ducks. The carcasses of K2 males contained significantly less (%) thigh and lower thigh muscles than the carcasses of P66 and P33 males. The carcasses of K2 females had significantly less skin with subcutaneous fat compared to the carcasses of A44, P66 and P33 females. Pectoralis major muscle of drakes and ducks from conservation flocks contained more soluble collagen in total collagen than in animals from breeding strains. Moreover, the muscle of K2 males and females was found to contain more polyunsaturated fatty acids than in A44 males and P66 females, respectively. Pectoralis major muscle of drakes and ducks from both conservation flocks was characterized by a significantly lower energy value than in P66 drakes and ducks of both strains, respectively.
Improving the monitoring of animal genetic resources on National and International level
Authors: Duchev Z. , Groeneveld E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Farm Animal Biodiversity Network (FABISnet) is a new biodiversity network for collecting domestic animal breeds data from the European countries. Data are collected on National, Regional and Global level and can be automatically transferred between the levels. As a successor of the Animal Genetic Data Bank of the European Association for Animal Production (EAAP-AGDB) and the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), it has taken their historic data and integrated them in a network of databases. However, the data are incomplete. For example the general description of 57% of the registered European breeds are very sparse and for more than 3900 breeds the population size and structure statistics are outdated. A set of 13 management support reports and a methodology for their application has been developed. The reports present summarized information about the degree of completeness of the breeds descriptions by country, missing or incomplete population records, reminders for updating data and the status of data translation. Various monitoring/reporting tasks of the National and Regional Coordinators for management of animal genetic resources can be organized in a systematic manner using these reports. Such an organizational scheme can reduce the time spent in completing data and improve the content of each database in the network.
Mapping of ACE Gene to Pig Chromosome 12 (Brief Report)
Authors: Nguyen V. Q. , Glenn K. L. , Mote B. E. , Rothschild M. F.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In humans, the Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 17. It contains 16 exons and 15 introns. The deletion (D) allele of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene has been shown to be associated with a higher risk of coronary artery disease (TANIQUCHI et al., 2001) and hypertension (MORSHED et al., 2002), whereas the insertion (I) allele has been found to be associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease (ELKINS et al., 2004). Furthermore, a study (LUFT, 1999) associated ACE with longevity. Our hypothesis is that these same genes or regulatory pathways are also important for sow productive life. The objective of this study was to determine the chromosomal location of ACE in the pig by linkage and RH mapping.
Genetic control of milk yield from lactations of different duration in Nili-Ravi buffaloes
Authors: Sajjad Khan M. , Hassan F. U. , Rehman M. S. U. , Hyder A. U. , Bajwa I. R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Data on 2704 lactations of 1093 Nili-Ravi buffaloes were used to see the genetic control of milk yield projected for lactation length using information on last recorded yield and average daily yield of the recorded lactation. Year and season of calving and their interaction significantly affected actual and predicted milk yield. Winter calvers had a higher mean (1364.5±31.63 kg) as compared to summer calvers (1299.4±30.28 kg). The milk yield adjusted to 308-days increased from first parity (1731.8±78.86 kg) to third parity (1919.6±64.56 kg) where after it declined gradually. Age at calving with in parity affected lactation milk yield significantly (P
The influence of vaccum pressure on quality and number of recovered oocytes aspirated from ovarian follicles of swine and cows
Authors: Antosik P. , Jaśkowski J. M. , Jeziorkowski M. , Olechnowicz J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of the present study was stating the influence of the value of vaccum pressure on the percentage of oocytes aspirated from follicles, as well as their quality in heifers, cows, HF, sows and gilts crossbred Landrace. Follicles of >2 mm diameter were aspirated. The follicle liquid was obtained with application of the pressure equal to respectively –150, –100, –70, –50, –30 mm Hg respectively. Mean number of recovered oocytes in heifers and cows was respectively 13.3 and 8.4, while sows and gilts 27.5 and 16.3. An average number of the obtained oocytes in heifers and cows reached 61.42% and 48.9% and was not dependent on the size of the flow. The vaccum pressure value did significantly influence the number of aspirated oocytes of very good, sufficient and insufficient quality in heifers, as well as oocytes of sufficient and insufficient quality in cows. Alongside with an increase of vaccum pressure above 50 and 70 mm Hg in correspondingly heifers and cows, the percentage of insufficient quality oocytes increased while the percentage of very good quality oocytes decreased. An average percentage of recovered oocytes of gilts and sows equalled to 79.1 and 85.2% and did not depend on the size of the flow. In both gilts and sows the value of the vaccum pressure significantly influenced the number of the recovered oocytes of all classes. Alongside with the growth of the pressure above 50mm Hg the percentage of insufficient quality oocytes increased, while the percentage of very good and good quality oocytes decreased.
Computing the condensed conditional gametic QTL relationship matrix and its inverse
Authors: Baes C. , Reinsch N.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The inverse of the conditional gametic relationship matrix (G-1) for a marked quantitative trait locus (MQTL) is required for estimation of gametic effects in best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of breeding values if marker data are available. Calculation of the "condensed" gametic relationship matrix G* – a version of G where linear dependencies have been removed – and its inverse G*-1 is described using a series of simplified equations following a known algorithm. The software program COBRA (covariance between relatives for a marked QTL) is introduced, and techniques for storing and computing the condensed gametic relationship matrix G* and the non-zero elements of its inverse are discussed. The program operates with both simple pedigrees and those augmented by transmission probabilities derived from marker data. Using sparse matrix storage techniques, G* and its inverse can be efficiently stored in computer memory. COBRA is written in FORTRAN 90/95 and runs on a variety of computers. Pedigree data and information for a single MQTL in the German Holstein population are used to test the efficiency of the program.
Femoral morphometry and femur length in mice selected for different body conformations. A potential animal model suitable for QTLs mapping
Authors: Di Masso R. J. , Zerpa C. M. , Silva P. S. , Font M. T.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Four lines of mice derived from the CBi stock, selected for different body conformations (CBi-, low body weight – short tail; CBi+, high body weight – long tail; CBi/L, low body weight – long tail; CBi/C, high body weight – short tail), differ in the biomass sustained per unit of skeleton weight. Femur length was modified in response to artificial selection either for high or low skeleton length. This feature suggests that these lines could be discriminated using the morphometric profile of their femurs. The femurs were obtained from both sexes at 15 weeks of age. A total of 16 measurements were taken on each bone. Genotype and gender effects for almost all measurements (P<0.001) were seen. Genotype x gender interactions (P<0.05) for some length measurements were also found. For sexual dimorphic characters, males had wider and shorter femurs than females. The results of principal components and discriminant analysis showed that the morphometric profile of the femur is a reliable and accurate means of identifying these inbred strains of mice as all female and male animals were assigned to the correct genotype. When the reciprocal hybrids among these genotypes were performed different responses in femur length were observed. So, the underlying genetic differences to this phenotypic differentiation emerge, at least partially, as a consequence of the exploitation of different sources of genetic variation for the trait in each selective procedure, jointly with the effect of simultaneously acting dispersive processes suggesting the potential usefulness of these genotypes as an animal model suitable for the identification of QTLs associated with femur growth.
Estimation of genetic parameters and (co)variance components for weaning traits of Charolais population in Hungary
Authors: Szabó F. , Lengyel Z. , Domokos Z. , Bene S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Weaning performance of 10 808 purebred offsprings (4991 male and 5817 female) of 80 sires in 13 farms were analised using animal model. Heritability, breeding value, (co)variance components for weaning weight (WW), preweaning daily gain (PDG), 205-day weight (CWW) were calculated. Farm, parity, year of birth, season of birth, sex were treated as fixed, and the maternal permanent environment was treated as random effects. In case of WW and PDG, the age of the calves at weaning was fitted as a covariant. Data were analyzed with MTDFREML (Boldman et al. 1993) program. The overall mean value and standard deviation of WW, PDG and CWW were 221±47 kg, 1,111±0.21 kg/day and 226±42 kg, respectively. The age of the calves at weaning was 202 days. The direct heritability (h2d) of WW and PDG were 0.57±0.08, 0.49±0.07 and CWW was 0.44±0.06, respectively. The maternal heritability (h2m) of these traits were 0.32±0.09, 0.33±0.10 and 0.33±0.09, respectively. The direct-maternal correlations (rdm) were strong and negative. The medium heritability estimates for direct effects suggest that progeny tests should be used in this population to increase genetic improvement.
Evidence for Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic errors in growth traits of beef cattle
Authors: Cantet R. J. C. , Suarez M. J. , Leguizamón S. M. , Cappa E. P. , Birchmeier A. N.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Evidence is presented for "generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity" processes (GARCH(1,1)), in the residuals of beef cattle growth traits. This process can account for differences in variance at different time points, with the advantage of using a parsimonious parametrization. Data used were 10271 birth weights (BW), 19992 weaning weights (WW) and 9717 weight at 18 months (FW), from five herds registered in the national evaluation of the Brangus breed in Argentina. The residuals calculated from the 2005 genetic evaluation were regressed on Julian dates by least squares. From a second set of residuals out of the linear regression model, Maximum Likelihood estimation via the Fisher scoring algorithm was used to estimate the GARCH(1,1) parameters. Eight out of fifteen one-sided Lagrange multiplier statistics significantly (P < 0.05) rejected the hypothesis of null GARCH(1,1) parameters in the genetic evaluation residuals. Incorporating these effects in genetic evaluation is feasible due to the diagonal covariance matrix induced by the process on each trait, which simplifies building the mixed model equations.
Effect of feeding on the composition of longissmus muscle of Hungarian Grey and Holstein Friesian bulls. – III. Amino acid composition and mineral content
Authors: Holló G. , Nuernberg K. , Holló I. , Csapó J. , Seregi J. , Repa I. , Ender K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this experiment the effect of the extensive diet (grass/grass silage and concentrate linseed supplemented) versus intensive diet (maize silage and concentrate) on the amino acid composition and mineral content of Hungarian Grey and Hungarian Holstein Friesian young bulls was analysed. In addition the relationships between fatty acid profile and amino acid composition as well as mineral content of longissimus muscle were investigated. The extensive diet caused some changes in the proportion of some amino acids including isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, cysteine, glycine, proline, serine and ammonia. The breed influenced only the histidine concentration of longissimus muscle. In extensive groups arginine to glycine and arginine to leucine ratios were higher compared to intensive fed bulls. The mineral composition of longissimus muscle was mainly influenced by diet and there was a breed x diet interaction, whereas breed differences were detected for calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na). The phosphorus (P) and the iron (Fe) content in longissimus muscle of extensively fed animals were significantly higher, whereas Na and copper (Cu) content were lower. The beef of Hungarian Grey bulls contained less Ca and Na compared to Holstein counterparts. Cysteine and leucine concentration were positively correlated to intramuscular fat content and negatively with n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (FA). Among minerals the P and Fe content correlated negatively to intramuscular fat content. The closest correlations were determined between P and linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) as well as n
Evaluation of three pig crossbreed types with respect to strategies to improve the meat quality: MHS genotype rather than crossbreed type influences drip loss
Authors: Mörlein D. , Link G. , Murani E. , Wimmers K. , Wicke M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. While focussing on drip loss, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate routine parameters of technological meat quality, conductivity, pH for prediction of drip loss and means to discriminate superior carcasses suitable for premium meat programs at slaughter. Thus, 534 carcasses of three commercially available crossbred pigs were examined and effects of crossbreed type and stress susceptibility type (MHS genotype NN or NP) on carcass traits and meat quality characteristics were evaluated. The animals were produced and slaughtered under commercial conditions. Finally we simulated a meat quality program based on electrical conductivity measurements that aimed at exclusion of inferior carcasses in terms of drip loss. NN carcasses yielded 2 % less drip loss compared to NP carcasses. Comparing the crossbreds, breed S pigs appeared most favourable because of lowest drip. Most probably that is due to the 25 % Duroc proportion of that crossbred compared to 0 % Duroc in the competitive crossbreds. Of all quality indicators obtained, conductivity measured 24 h p.m. (EC24) was closest related to drip loss. Above all breeds, a remarkable decrease of drip can be achieved by application of EC24 measurements and corresponding sorting of the carcasses. Therefore, to establish a meat quality program, careful consideration of crossbred, MHS genotype and discrimination of superior carcasses at slaughter based on EC24 measurements is recommended.
Mapping the horse genome and its impact on equine genomics for identification of genes for monogenic and complex traits – a review
Authors: Stübs D. , Distl O.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Since the beginning of investigation in the horse genome in the early nineties, there has been a great progress, especially during the last five years. At the beginning the exploration of monogenic hereditary diseases was one of the main aims, and the causal mutations of several diseases in the horse have been unravelled. The inheritance of coat colours has been explored very detailed, and there exist gene tests for different coat colours. Information about coat colours and inherited diseases is very important for the breeders and helps avoiding the appearance of lethal genetic factors or undesirable diseases. The most important achievements of horse genome analysis were well-developed linkage, radiation hybrid and cytogenetic genome maps including more than 2950 loci. These maps support comparative analysis of equine hereditary diseases. The present known gene mutations for five diseases in horses have human homologs. Studies on multifactorial diseases such as osteochondrosis and navicular bone disease and on fertility and temperament are underway. At the moment, the whole equine genome is sequenced as it has been done for the human genome and also for other animal genomes. Horse breeding will greatly benefit from identification of QTL for multifactorial traits and gene mutations for congenital anomalies, diseases and performance traits.
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in repeat breeder dairy cows in Turkey* (short communication)
Authors: Simsek S. , Utuk A. E. , Koroglu E. , Dumanli N. , Risvanli A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Sera samples from 89 dairy cows with repeat breeder and 94 healthy pregnant dairy cows (controls) from Elazig province of eastern Turkey were tested for presence of Neospora caninum antibodies by use of a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Fifteen out of 183 cows tested (8.19%) were found to be seropositive to N. caninum antibody. Overall, seroprevalence of N. caninum was significantly higher (P<0.05) in dairy cows with repeat breeder (13.48%, 12/89) than in dairy cows with healthy pregnant (3.19%, 3/94). There was no statistically significant relationship between seroprevalence and breed and age groups in cows with repeat breeder (P>0.05). In conclusion, the current study highlights the importance of N. caninum in cows with repeat breeder.
Genetic variability and linkage of selected microsatellite markers in the Chinese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides)
Authors: Ślaska B. , Jeżewska G. , Zięba G. , Pierzchała M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of the recent study was to analyze the variability and linkage study of selected microsatellite markers of the Chinese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) bred in Poland. In general, 3 generations of animals maintained at the Polish breeding farm, were under observation. For this project, the variability of 20 canine microsatellite loci was examined in the raccoon dog. The number of alleles, frequencies, and the statistics that express polymorphism, the position of markers, the distance between them as well as the linkage analysis among the analyzed loci were determined. Altogether, there were 74 alleles identified. Three of the microsatellites studied displayed a monomorphic allele. The total number of other alleles per locus varied from 2 to 6. An average allele number of polymorphic loci was 4.4 alleles per one locus. An average PIC value was 0.49. The linkage analysis concerned 17 polymorphic markers. Five linkage groups were identified, ranging in size from 36.3 to 120.7 cM. The largest linkage groups contained 5 markers each, and the smallest – 2 markers. The sex-averaged linkage groups comprised 17 markers. The total coverage was 380.3 cM, with intervals between markers ranging from 6.7 to 43.5 cM; the average distance between markers was 31.69 cM. Two of the linkage groups exceeded 100 cM in length. The construction of the genetic map of the Chinese raccoon dog, is the first step to identify the genes with a major effect (quantitative trait loci, QTL), which as a result can be beneficial in breeding work undertaken on breeding farms.
Futteraufnahme und Fressverhalten wachsender Lämmer – 1. Mitteilung: Heritabilitäten und genetische Korrelationen
Authors: Wassmuth R. , Gernand E. , Lenz H. , Mendel C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title: Feed intake and eating behaviour of growing lambs, 1st communication: heritabilities and genetic correlations In the test stations “Grub” (Bavaria) and “Schöndorf” (Thuringia) data were collected on lambs of the breeds Merinolandschaf and Merino Longwool. Feed intake during the whole test period (FAP), feed efficiency (FAW), daily feed intake (TFM), the number of daily visits (TBH) and eating time (TBD) of lambs were measured. In total, data from 1,608 lambs with 37,161 daily records in “Grub” and 1,424 lambs with 35,356 daily records in “Schöndorf” were included. The aim of the present study was to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for different traits of feed intake and eating behaviour. In “Schöndorf” the heritability of FAP and FAW was 0.29 and 0.32, respectively. In the test station “Grub” the heritability of the same traits was 0.58 and 0.57, respectively. The heritability of TBH, TBD and TFM were 0.33, 0.25 and 0.05, respectively, in “Schöndorf” and 0.49, 0.36 and 0.10, respectively, in “Grub”. The genetic correlations between the eating behaviour traits TBH and TBD on one hand and feed intake (FAP, FAW, TFM) on the other hand were low. It could be concluded that feed intake as well as eating behaviour showed considerable variances and heritabilities. Further, eating behaviour was not a good indicator of feed intake.
Futteraufnahme und Fressverhalten wachsender Lämmer – 2. Mitteilung: genetische Korrelationen zwischen der Futteraufnahme und Leistungsmerkmalen
Authors: Gernand E. , Wassmuth R. , Lenz H. , Mendel C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Feed intake and eating behaviour of growing lambs. 2nd communication: genetic correlations between feed intake and performance traits In the present study genetic correlations between feed intake, feed efficiency and daily feed intake on one hand and fattening performance, carcass quality and fertility on the other hand were estimated. Data were collected in the test stations “Schöndorf”/Thuringia and in “Grub”/Bavaria as well as in stud book farms in Thuringia and Bavaria. Fattening performance and carcass quality were measured on 4,397 and 2,264 lambs, respectively, in Schöndorf and 1,292 lambs in Grub. The genetic correlation between feed efficiency and the number of lambs born alive (LGL) was in Thuringia rA = −0.35, but in Bavaria −0.03 only. Further, the genetic correlations between daily feed intake and LGL were different with 0.29 in Thuringia and −0.20 in Bavaria. But the standard errors of the estimates were high due to an insufficient genetic linkage between data from station testing (fattening performance, carcass quality) and from field testing (fertility). Therefore, the results have to be considered as tendencies. A high feed intake during the whole test period led to better daily gain. The genetic relationships between feed intake and carcass quality were indifferent. When using feed intake or efficiency for breeding value estimation and selection no basically problems have to be expected.
ECOWEIGHT 2.0 – C programs for modelling the economic efficiency of production systems in beef and dairy cattle (short communication)
Authors: Wolf J. , Wolfová M. , Krupa E. , Peškovičová D.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Two C programs were written on the basis of a bio-economic model for a wide range of cattle production systems. The model simulates the life-cycle production of a beef or dairy cow herd and the growth performance of offspring in rearing and fattening. The Markov chain approach was used to simulate herd dynamics. The program calculates the structure of the integrated production system in its stationary state, the economic efficiency of the system expressed as a function of biological traits of animals and of management and economic parameters, the number of discounted expressions for direct and maternal traits transmitted by breeding animals and the economic weights for 16 economically important traits for beef and 21 traits for dairy cattle. The program is freely available on request.
Comparative studies on the grazing behaviour of fallow deer and sheep in winter
Authors: Fischer A. , Schalitz G. , Behrendt A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. During two successive winter periods the ingestive behaviour of female fallow deer and Skudde mother sheep was observed during the day-light periods of a day in fourteen-day intervals. The animals were grouped together on an extensively used permanent fen pasture area with a stock of 0.5 large-animal units (which corresponds to 250 kg of animal living mass) per hectare. Sufficient quantities of fresh grass and hay were available. The results obtained show that the animals maintained their species-specific ingestive behaviour despite common keeping. As compared to fallow deer, the sheep spent markedly longer time with ingestive activities. There were only rare instances of rivalry and conflict (over grazing positions or hay-feeding points) between the two species. The animals of the two groups of species under examination are well adapted to the prevailing climatic conditions. They proved to be able to respond to extreme weather conditions as cold periods and snow storms. It can be rightfully stated that they are able to spend the winter in the open without harm to their health. Outdoor keeping in the winter period can be regarded as suitable for fallow deer and Skudde sheep in northeast Germany.
Genetic efficiency parameters of Slovak warm-blood horses
Authors: Halo M. , Mlynek J. , Strapák P. , Massányi P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The efficiency of 249 3- and 4-year old horses were analysed in this work during efficiency tests throughout the period 1993–2004. The ascertained average mark of 796 points for the whole population of 3-year old horses presents I. class, whereupon the highest mark of 8.32 points was reached in 2002 presenting the Elite class. The total mark moved within the bounds of 7.10 to 8.96 points, during variability of 4.86 %. The total mark of the population of 4-year old horses moved within the bounds of 7.00 to 8.60 points, during variability of 4.69 %, the average mark being 7.90 points presenting I.class. If we rate the average mark for „Type and sex type“ throughout the period from 1993–2004 respecting the age of horses, we can claim that the 4-year old horses recieved higher marks /7.85 points/ than 3-year old horses /7.81 points/. The estimated coefficient of performance hereditary is 0.10. A higher positive relation was ascertained /p ≤ 0.001/ between breeding values and estimation coefficients /riding, free jumping, show-jumping/ and the total mark/index.
SNP analysis, genotyping and mapping of the porcine GPCR142 gene (Brief report)
Authors: Yammuen-Art S. , Phatsara C. , Ponsuksili S. , Wimmers K. , Schellander K. , Jonas E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The RLN3 gene has been recently reported as a ligand for two related orphan G protein-coupled receptors, GPCR135 and GPCR142 (BATHGATE et al., 2002; LIU et al., 2003a; LIU et al., 2003b; CHEN et al., 2005). Pharmacological studies of the GPCR142 gene indicated that the RLN3 gene is the only member of the RLN family showing the ability to activate this gene (BATHGATE et al., 2002). The GPCR142 gene contains a single exon and is located on chromosome 1 (1q22) in human (FREDRIKSSON et al., 2003). It is expressed abundantly in the hypothalamus with discrete expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and supraoptic nucleus; as well as in the cortex, septal nucleus and preoptical area (LIU et al., 2003b). The functional roles of the RLN3 gene and its receptors within the mammalian physiology are still unclear. The objectives of this study were to characterize the GPCR142 gene in pigs, to determine the chromosomal location and to analysis the expression profile in pigs.
Sequence and expression analysis of the androgen receptor gene from Compact mouse (Brief Report)
Authors: Veress G. , Bakos K. , Korom E. , Pinke O. , Kovács B. , Varga L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The phenotype of hypermuscled Compact mouse is determined by the MstnCmpt-dl1Abc myostatin mutation and also by additional modifier genes, mapped to different chromosome regions (VARGA et al. 1997, SZABÓ et al. 1998, VARGA et al. 2003, VARGA et al. 2005). The androgen receptor gene (Ar) was considered to be a potential candidate gene on the basis of our mapping results and its function, as it is located in that region of the X chromosome, where the strongest modifier effect was detected in the males and because Ar was described earlier as a regulator of TGF-ß (CHIPUK et al. 2002). A similar regulation could thus also be assumed through the androgen response element of myostatin, a member of the TGF-ß superfamily (MA et al. 2001). The sex-influenced nature of the Compact phenotype (VARGA et al. 1997, BÜNGER et al. 2005) appeared to strengthen this hypothesis. In this study we analysed the coding sequence of the Ar locus in Compact mice and the expression of Ar mRNA by quantitative Real-Time PCR.