bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Analysis of the Lill Hajj Wall Umrah Building Based on Functionality of the Building for Umrah and Hajj Pilgrims
Authors: Lutfi Muhamad , Chayati Nurul , Prayudyanto Muhammad Nanang , Insan Muhammad Khaerul , Pratama Septian Anggi
Published: March 2024

PT Lill Hajj Wall Umrah is targeted to get 5,226 consumers per year or equivalent to 436 people per month by 2030. The old office in the form of a shophouse with a building area of 119.75 m² for a capacity of 99 people is considered inadequate to serve 436 consumers per month, so PT Lill Hajj Wall Umrah needs a new office with a meeting room of at least 523.2 m².  A new office will be planned based on SNI 2847-2019, SNI 1726-2019, SNI 1727-2020, and PBI 1983. The planning results are in the form of an analysis of the new office structure with building dimensions of 28.30 x 23.35m, four floors with a building area of 4,503 m². The material specifications of the building structure are concrete quality (fc') 41.5 MPa, melted reinforcing steel quality (fy) 400 MPa (BJTS), and 280 MPa (BJTP). Basement floor column dimensions 0.6 x 0.6 m, first to fourth floor columns 0.5 x 0.6 m, rooftop columns 0.4 x 0.4 m, main beam dimensions 0.25 x 0.35 m, child beams 0.25x0.5 m, stair beams 0.25 x 0.35 m, roof deck beams 0.25 x 0.3 m and 0.3 x 0.4 m, concrete slab thickness 0.15 m. The results of structural modeling using the Etabs application showed that there was no over-strength (O/S) in the column and beam structure elements. The results of the design of the new office building Lill Hajj Wall Umrah in the form of a basement floor equipped with prayer room facilities covering an area of 14 m2, a generator room covering an area of 15.28 m2, a pump room covering an area of 15.28 m2, parking covering an area of 781.53 m2. The first floor is equipped with VIP room facilities covering an area of 33.33 m2, a prayer room covering an area of 25.87 m2, a toilet covering an area of 44.93 m2, and a boutique room covering an area of 55.22 m2, and a warehouse covering an area of 12.3 m2. The second floor is equipped with a meeting room covering an area of 47.9 m2, a manager's room covering an area of 36.7 m2, a toilet covering an area of 30.9 m2, a prayer room covering an area of 16.08 m2, a boardroom covering an area of 80.59 m2 and a waiting room covering an area of 45 m2. The third and fourth floors are equipped with toilets covering an area of 25.75 m2, a prayer room covering an area of 23.95 m2, and a ballroom of 383.75 m2. The estimated budget for the construction of lill Hajj Wall Umrah's new office is Rp 7.612.645.721.- and takes 406 working days for construction.
Poverty effect and population density towards the quality of fishermen's settlement environment in Kusamba
Authors: Nugraha I Made Gde Dwiartha , Paturusi Syamsul Alam , Putra Dewa Gede Agung Diasana
Published: March 2024

Many people can not live in a house with a quality environment that is livable. The main problem that becomes an obstacle is the economic factor, namely poverty. The poor are forced to live in a bad environment or can live in a good environment but cannot maintain it. The inability of the poor to set aside income to finance environmental maintenance is the main cause of continued environmental degradation. In addition to the problem of poverty, the availability of land is increasingly unable to accommodate population growth, resulting in an environment with a high population density. This problem is very common in settlements in coastal areas. Therefore, research on coastal areas, especially residential areas, is important to do. The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of the decline in the quality of the settlement environment by using the Kumba fisherman settlement as the research location. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with multiple linear regression analysis. Where, the independent variables are poverty and population density, while the dependent variable is environmental quality. From this study, it was found that the poverty factor with several indicators had a significant effect on environmental quality. The comparison of the amount of agricultural land to the population has a significant effect on environmental quality, beating the value of population density which compares the total land area with the total population. This shows the large role of open land used by agricultural activities on the quality of the residential environment.
The Role of the Compost House in Overcoming Waste Problems in the Traditional Village of Padangtegal, Ubud
Authors: Setiawan I Putu Heri , Wirawibawa Ida Bagus Gde
Published: March 2024

Garbage is one of the problems faced by almost every region in Indonesia. Padangtegal Traditional Village, Ubud is no exception. The existence of waste in the Padangtegal Traditional Village is one that gets more attention from village officials, where the Padangtegal Traditional Village makes policies that can help overcome its waste problems. Apart from the village apparatus, the provincial government also provided support for the Padangtegal Traditional Village in overcoming the waste problem. This is proven by the existence of a TPST located in the Padangtegal Traditional Village or what is often called the Compost House by the community. In assessing the role of the compost house, interviews were conducted with village officials and several members of the community. Where the results of this study are expected to help optimize waste management and overcome waste problems so that the environment becomes cleaner.
Barriers to Electric Car Acceptance: Analysis of Consumer Perceptions Regarding Safety and Security
Authors: Dwipayana Arif Devi , Pradana Adrian , Sulistyo Aris Budi
Published: March 2024

The Indonesian government has issued Presidential Regulation Number 55 of 2019 concerning the acceleration of the battery-based electric motorized vehicle program. In 2019 the sales data for PHEV were 25 units and HEV was 787 units, sales of new BEV battery-based cars were recorded in 2020 totaling 125 units, PHEV and HEV were sold 8 and 1,191 units. For 2021 sales of BEV were 687 units, PHEV 46 units and HEV 2,472 units and until March 2022, BEV sales were 64 units, PHEV 10 units and HEV 646 units. It can be seen from the above data that sales growth has occurred, but it is still quite low compared to fossil fuel cars (a percentage of no more than 0.5% each year). Seeing the number that is still minimal, it is necessary to look at the obstacles that occur in the community, why this can happen, even though the Indonesian government wants to build an integrated electric vehicle ecosystem to encourage energy security and domestic energy independence so as to reduce dependence on the use of fuel oil and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of these obstacles is the aspect of safety and security. The survey was conducted throughout the provinces of Indonesia with the results that the most perceived obstacles from the aspect of safety and security were batteries, very minimal sound noise, geographical and weather conditions in Indonesia and the risk of hacking, ransomware and other forms of cyber attacks due to sophisticated technology. attached to an electric car. Another result that is in the spotlight is that there are still many respondents who answered they did not know about electric cars,
Development of the national priority rural area of Pandeglang Banten
Authors: Muhlis Taufik , Rustiadi Ernan , Munibah Khursatul
Published: March 2024

Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province, is one of the regions on the island of Java that has great economic potential from a geographical perspective in the fisheries, agriculture, and tourism sectors to support the development and the economy in the area. However, since the tsunami hit this area in 2018, plus the non-natural catastrophe at the beginning of 2020, namely Covid-19, it has paralyzed the joints of the economy, which has an impact on hindering development in Pandeglang Regency. The purpose of this research is to discover the development of the Pandeglang rural area after the establishment of village funds and natural and non-natural disasters, to find out which locations are recommended and what steps are taken to accelerate economic recovery. This study uses analysis techniques of tabular and spatial data time series, descriptive analysis of tabular and spatial data comparisons, spatial pattern analysis using Moran's index value, and LISA method analysis. Based on the study results, three villages were recommended as centers for KPPNs, namely Teluk Village, Caring Village, and Sukacai Village. Based on the analysis results, Teluk Village and Caringin Village are villages affected by the tsunami, and Sukacai Village is a difficult village to develop in the 2015-2021 range.
Analysis of the selection of land transportation modes in Serang City
Authors: Fahrizal Irfan , Dwiatmoko Hermanto
Published: March 2024

The role of urban transportation is vast in supporting the mobility of city residents because, after all, urban people need city transportation, and most community groups depend on city transportation to meet their mobility needs. Along with the development of the era of online application-based transit, they are becoming newcomers as a service that makes it easier for people to carry out travel mobility, such as online motorcycle taxis. This study aims to determine the mode selection model between city transportation and online motorcycle in Serang City. The research approach is quantitative, with primary data sources obtained from distributing closed questionnaires to 43 city transportation travelers and 57 respondents to online motorcycle drivers. The data analysis used is the difference binomial logit model to determine the probability model of the traveler in choosing the mode. The results of modeling the choice of the way with the difference in binomial logit results in city transportation having the opportunity/probability of being chosen by travelers in Serang City at 45.64% while the probability/chance of selecting an online motorcycle is 54.36%.
Investigation and Analysis of People Preferences in Choosing Public Transportation During COVID-19 Pandemic: Statistical Approach and Case Study in Malang City
Authors: Amrullah Ivan Fadhil , Mudjanarko Sri Wiwoho
Published: March 2024

The transportation condition in Malang City during COVID-19 pandemic has been the subject of this research, with one study proposing to support information about public transportation services in the city. This policy encourages people to participate in activities such as working from home and school during the COVID-19 pandemic. Another concern is that the availability of public transportation facilities is being limited by a lack of conventional transportation as result of this policy. The greatest impact on this variable is the appropriateness of the price, as customers of the service are typically users on a daily basis. Online transportation is considered more effective in terms of distance because there is a mapping application or location that is provided by service providers or drivers in specific areas. The coefficient of determination is a statistical measure used to evaluate the accuracy of a model in predicting future outcomes. The model is generally accurate because all of the variables are significant and have a direct effect on the dependent variables. The F-test value associated with the coefficient was 33.927, and the level of significance was >0.0001. The following describes the results of the t-test regarding the effect of variables on variables: Reliability The value of the t-count is 2.358 > 1.68, and the significance value is 0.013 < 0.05. Responsiveness The t-count of 9.513 is greater than 1.68, and the associated significance level is 0.0001 which is less than 0.05.
Characteristics of Distribution of Heavy Metals in Rivers Around Laterite Nickel Mining Sites in the Tanggetada Area, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Authors: Ekawati Wahyu , Chaerul Muhammad , Marzuki Ismail
Published: March 2024

The research location is located in Tanggetada sub-district, Kolaka district, which is an area very close to laterite nickel mining sites. The determination of the research location was deliberately chosen at the nickel mining location, with the consideration that at that location the river was brownish red, and at that location there were many miners who did not carry out according to mining regulations. The method used is observational which is carried out at nickel laterite mining sites. by using a cross sectional approach that is both qualitative and quantitative. Based on the results of the data analysis that has been carried out, it can be explained that the distribution of heavy metal pollution in river water is the largest in the heavy metal Copper (Cu), namely 0.0108 mg/l, which is found at station 3, heavy metal lead (Pb), namely 0.0070 mg/l l found at station 4, heavy metal chromium (Cr) is 0.0038 found at station 6 downstream, heavy metal Cadmium (Cd) is 0.0028 mg/l found at station 3, heavy metal Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) is 0.0026 mg/l found at station 2. From the results of the analysis there are no heavy metals that exceed the quality standard (PP No. 82 of 2001). Meanwhile, the river sediment material produced the greatest amount of heavy metal Copper (Cu), namely 0.0229 mg/kg found at station 2, Heavy metal Cadmium (Cd), namely 0.0128 mg/kg found at station 5, Heavy metal Lead (Pb) namely 0.0177 mg /kg is found at station 1 upstream, heavy metal Chromium (Cr) is 0.0118 mg/kg found at station 6 downstream, heavy metal Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) is 0.0116 mg/kg found at station 6 downstream. From the results of this analysis there are no heavy metals that exceed the quality standards (USEPA, 2003).
Characterization of Oil and Diesel Waste Modifiers in Lasbutag Asphalt Cold Mix (Aggregated Buton Asphalt Layer)
Authors: Artawan I Putu , Chaerul Muhammad , Gusty Sri
Published: March 2024

One of the uses of Buton Asphalt is LASBUTAG which is a road surface with a mixture of Asbuton, modifier and aggregate. Currently, heavy oil as a modifier is scarce in the market, so it is necessary to consider other alternatives as a modifier, one of which can be used, namely waste oil motor vehicle or other machinery. The aim of this study is to analyze the ideal modifier variation in Lasbutag blends using Lombah oil and diesel fuel as modifiers. This research is a quantitative research using experimental methods conducted in the laboratory. The use of the modifier with waste oil and diesel fuel for Lasbutag cold mix pavements can meet the Marshall characteristics required in the special Lasbutag specifications. The stability required in the Lasbutag special specifications is met by using a modifier content of 4.2% to 6.8%, VIM can be achieved at different modifier levels between 4.8% and 7.2%, Cavity Parameters Between Mineral Aggregates (VMA) can be achieved using modifiers from 4% to 7.0% and Melt Value (Flux) can be achieved using modifiers from 4% to 6 .2%. The cold-mixed Lasbutag characteristics required in the Lasbutag special specifications can be met using a modifier between 4.8% and 6.2%, so the most ideal modifier is achieved at 5.5%.
The Effect of Shading Devices on OTTV (Overall Thermal Transfer Value) Value of Office Buildings: Case Study of PT Industri Kapal Indonesia (IKI) Building
Authors: Zahari A. Firman , Mulyadi Rosady , Jamala Nurul
Published: March 2024

One of the passive design strategies that effectively reduce the heat load on the building envelope, especially in areas with a large surface area of glass shading Device. The research aims to measure the design influence of shading devices against the value of Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) buildings. Research using quantitative methods, research done by trying Shading devices with Vertical Models, Horizontal multiple fins, and Egg crates, which have the length and slope provided by the Indonesian National Standard SNI. It tests each design shading measured on an impairment basis OTTV the best and best under 45 Watt/m². The results of the study show that shading devices affect the impairment of OTTV. The longer the shading device and the higher the slope, the more effective it is in blocking incoming radiation through the glass surface. Impairment OTTV existing buildings without a shading device have an initial value of 69.572 W/m2, decreased by 55% to 31.57 W/m2. Shading an egg crate with length120 cm with a slope of 40° is the best shading based on a comparative analysis between vertical louver shading and horizontal multiple fin shading. This is due to shading egg crates being able to respond to the sun in incoming low and high altitude angles to minimize or block radiation that enters through the glass surface.
The Impact of Relocating Illegal Settlement at Simpang Barelang, Batam City, Riau Islands
Authors: Murtiono Hendro
Published: March 2024

Slum settlements in Batam City are mostly inhabited by poor people who are unable to access proper housing. The inability of the poor to access these decent settlements, makes them choose to live in slum settlements with inadequate basic facilities and infrastructure. Relocation or resettlement is an alternative to provide opportunities for people living in slum settlements, whose land status is illegal or living in a disaster-prone environment to reorganize and continue their lives in a new place. This research was structured with the aim of knowing how the implementation of the relocation program for occupation settlements at the Simpang Barelang in the city of Batam. As a qualitative and quantitative descriptive research, the results of this study have both positive and negative impacts. In terms of physical conditions, relocation provides positive changes to the current settlement conditions. Then the social impact of the relocation carried out in the Tembesi Village, has also been successful in maintaining the social order that has been formed. However, in terms of the community's economy, the relocation program had a negative impact due to the loss of sources of income and decreased community income.
Performance Evaluation of Paid Parking at Cilebut Station
Authors: Syaiful Syaiful , Suherman Suherman
Published: March 2024

This study intends to find out the capacity of parking needs managed by PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) with the location of the Cilebut station research, this study used the SRP method of characteristics (Volume, Accumulation, Duration, Turnover, Index), in this study was the management of paid parking performance. Data collection was carried out using the survey method with a time of 12 hours and running for sixteen days, with the aspects taken being data on the hours of entry and exit of the vehicle to find out the characteristics of the parking. The results of this study show that the parking performance cannot accommodate motorcycle vehicles the area with an area of 486m2 has a parking capacity of 120 SRP, while the results of the study getting an index figure of more than 100% indicates too high parking performance and so turn over parking by 181% at peak hours. The result of the SRP needs that must be provided by the management with the results of the study is 159 slots to accommodate motorcycle vehicles, with an SRP value of 159 slots will produce good parking performance, namely parking according to the slots that have been provided so that motorcycle vehicle users feel safe when parking the vehicle.
The Settlement Pattern of Tenganan Pegringsingan Village as an Embodiment of a Sustainable Village
Authors: Prayoga I Made Lingga , Saraswati A.A. Ayu Oka
Published: March 2024

Tenganan Pegringsingan Village is one of the Bali Aga villages in Manggis District, Karangasem Regency, Bali, Indonesia. This village has a linear settlement pattern with the surrounding nature in the form of hills and rivers. The people in this village still uphold the traditions passed down from generation to generation by their ancestors. This village pattern is still maintained today from generation to generation. The existence of customary regulations is one of the factors in maintaining the sustainability of this village so that it can still survive under the influence of globalization. This study discusses the settlement pattern of this village as a form of sustainable village. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach by collecting data through interviews and documentation. Data collection was carried out using tape recorders and notebooks as voice recorders, image recorders, and recording of interview results. The results of this study indicate that Tenganan Pegringsingan Village has patterns and meanings as the embodiment of a sustainable village.
Parameters Cp and Ct in Snyder Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Due to Land Use Changes in Napel Sub-watershed, Bengawan Watershed
Authors: Barid Burhan , Ichsan Samina W.
Published: March 2024

The parameters Cp and Ct depend on the characteristics and slope of the watershed. Watershed characteristics include types of land use that are always dynamic over time. The slope of the watershed affects the smoothness and velocity of runoff flow. The development of an area will cause changes in land use which tend to become more impermeable, of course also affecting the smoothness and speed of runoff flow. This of course results in changes in Cp and Ct in a watershed. Changes in land use in the Napel watershed within 7 years starting from 2015 to 2021 have decreased in areas of jungle forest and other water catchment areas. This research was conducted to determine the influence of land use change on peak discharge and Cp and Ct parameters. The method used is the Snyder Synthetic Unit Hydrograph, which has been tested for suitability against the Measured Unit Hydrograph with validation results included in the very strong correlation category. The Ct value used in 2015 was 1.65 and in 2021 it was 0.78 while the Cp value used in 2015 was 1.4 and in 2021 it was 1.1. The results of the analysis using the Snyder method produced a discharge of 417.882 m3/s in 2015 and 619.52 m3/s in 2021. The resulting discharge shows a significant increase.
Traffic Counting using YOLO Version-8 (Case Study of Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road)
Authors: Darmadi Darmadi , Pratikso Pratikso , Rahmat Mudiyono
Published: March 2024

You Only Look Once (YOLO)  version 8 is the latest version of YOLO. YOLO is a common object detection model that offers faster and more accurate results. YOLO applications provide numerous benefits in the fields of health care, traffic control, vehicle safety, energy, agriculture, and industry. The purpose of this article is to use advancements in information technology to automate the process of manually recording traffic counts on the highway. The method utilized in this study is to record a video of traffic movements with a smartphone camera and save it in MP4 format. Calculations are performed at the office after receiving recorded video and utilizing a program written by the author that makes use of Python, Ppencv, Pytorch, and YOLO  version 8 software. When passing through a counter box, the traffic volume is counted and saved in Excel format (.xls). The video records footage near the Halim area of the Jakarta-Cikampek toll road. With a measurement accuracy of 99.63% for cars, 96.66% for buses, and 98.55% for trucks, the accuracy attained using YOLO  version 8 is fairly satisfactory for detecting vehicle volume and categorization.
Building Maintenance Priority Decision Support System Using the Method Profile Matching
Authors: Sari Oryza Lhara , Basyaruddin Basyaruddin , Khasanah Uswatun
Published: March 2024

Along with the increasing age of a building, maintenance activities become things that need to be done to minimize damage that occurs such as damage to the ceiling or ceramics. Therefore, this study aims to determine the priority of building elements in the treatment of architectural components in buildings A and B ITK campus using Profile Matching method. Based on the results of analysis and observations in the field, the elements that are the main priority in the architectural component of Building A are ceiling elements, the second priority element is sanitary elements, the third priority element is floor elements and door and window elements, the fourth priority element is painting elements, and the last priority element is Wall pair elements. Whereas in the architectural component of Building B, the main priority elements are ceiling elements and sanitary elements, the second priority element is the wall pair element, the third priority element is the floor element and the door and window element, and the last priority element is the painting element.
Design a Web-Based Library Information System Using the Waterfall Method (Case Study of Sma Muhammadiyah 2)
Authors: Nur Aulia Adiva , Tsani Mutiara , Suharso Wildan
Published: March 2024

Information technology is a technology that is developing rapidly at this time. Computers as student learning media have many functions such as audio, animation, visual, and interactive capabilities. The main problem in the field of education is the low interest in reading students and reading habits. The library is expected to help increase students' interest in reading and reading habits. SMA Muhammadiyah has a new library and is still manual in recording borrowing and returning books. This makes it difficult for librarians to search for data and is at risk of losing books. It is difficult for students to find book information and the irregular placement of books makes the process of borrowing books ineffective and inefficient. Therefore, a web-based library information system is needed to make it easier for students to borrow books. The Waterfall method will be used to help design the library system at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Cipondoh. The Waterfall method is a method that is very commonly used in the early stages of the manufacturing process. Application features developed by researchers at the Muhammadiyah 2 Cipondoh High School library include logins, book master data, book loan transaction data, book return transaction data, and book borrowing reports. Library information system development uses the PHP CodeIgniter 3 framework. The front ends used are HTML 5, CSS 3, and Bootstrap version 4.
The Role of Local Communities in Overcoming River Pollution in Peliatan Village
Authors: Pradnyani Ida Ayu Eka , Sueca Ngakan Putu , Prajnawrdhi Tri Anggraini
Published: March 2024

Environmental pollution is a common problem that often affects an area. One of them is river pollution. River pollution also occurred in Peliatan Village. The condition of one of the rivers, namely the Mas River, was once used as a landfill or TPA. The role of the community in helping to overcome pollution problems is an initial step that can become a foundation in overcoming river pollution problems in Peliatan Village. In Bali, the existence of community groups is still closely felt, especially in overcoming and finding a problem. Local community groups have a major role in providing aspirations for the progress of their own region. The theory of community empowerment and community based development is the theoretical basis for implementing this research activity. The quality of the riverside space is measured from the indicators of the quality of the waterfront space according to Sutrisno (1997) and is presented descriptively. Research using qualitative methods with case studies and using observation and interview techniques. This method is used to be able to understand and discover phenomena in the field in depth. The results of the study showed that the condition of the river before handling river pollution was that its banks were filled with garbage and made into a landfill. The condition of the river afterwards is that the river becomes clean, orderly and made more attractive with the addition of wall carvings and sculptures. The reappearance of the bad debt tradition and visits from outside the area to Peliatan Village. The role of the community as the dominant role and in collaboration with the Service Village and Traditional Village. Contributions from local communities both in terms of ideas, ideas and material as an important capital in overcoming problems in their own area. This capital will be very useful for development in villages or cities.
Music Perception
Authors: Russo Frank , Ammirante Paolo
Published: March 2024

There has been an explosion of research on sensation and perception in music over the past 20 years. Although this work has historically concentrated on sensation and perception related to pitch, more recent work has branched out to encompass timbre, rhythm, and the interaction of these basic dimensions that underlie our experience of music. The methods employed in what has become a vast research enterprise span psychophysical, behavioral, computational, and neural approaches. To provide some structure, the chapter has been divided into four major sections. The first section deals with pitch perception and processing. The second section considers perceptual aspects of music beyond pitch, inclusive of timbre, consonance, melodic expectancies, and tonal hierarchies. The third section examines the role of time in the representation of longer excerpts of music, focusing on rhythm and event hierarchies. The final section reflects on those aspects of music that appear to be universal as well as the possible origins of music.
Hearing, Emotion, Amplification, Research, and Training Workshop: Current Understanding of Hearing Loss and Emotion Perception and Priorities for Future Research
Authors: Picou Erin M. , Singh Gurjit , Goy Huiwen , Russo Frank , Hickson Louise , J. Oxenham Andrew , Buono Gabrielle H. , Ricketts Todd A. , Launer Stefan
Published: March 2024

The question of how hearing loss and hearing rehabilitation affect patients' momentary emotional experiences is one that has received little attention but has considerable potential to affect patients' psychosocial function. This article is a product from the Hearing, Emotion, Amplification, Research, and Training workshop, which was convened to develop a consensus document describing research on emotion perception relevant for hearing research. This article outlines conceptual frameworks for the investigation of emotion in hearing research; available subjective, objective, neurophysiologic, and peripheral physiologic data acquisition research methods; the effects of age and hearing loss on emotion perception; potential rehabilitation strategies; priorities for future research; and implications for clinical audiologic rehabilitation. More broadly, this article aims to increase awareness about emotion perception research in audiology and to stimulate additional research on the topic.
Singing and Stuttering
Authors: Falk Simone , Schreier Ramona , Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

Witnessing a person who stutters sing can be fascinating: suddenly stuttering seems to completely disappear. The fluency-enhancing effect of singing incites researchers to investigate the mechanisms leading to this remarkable reduction of stuttering symptoms. However, no explanation can yet fully account for this phenomenon. In this chapter, we review the evidence collected so far and discuss future avenues of research and the potential for therapeutic applications.

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Multimodal Aspects of Singing Development: Introduction to Part III
Authors: Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

Singing researchers, educators, performers, and lay audiences alike tend to focus on the auditory and motor skills required for singing. In this context, motor refers to the actions of the musculature that are required to produce vocalizations that would be regarded as singing. There is an important neural substrate to these muscle movements involving sequencing of motor actions and specific codes to initiate the units of action. When other modalities are considered in popular discourse on singing, the treatment tends to be superficial. However, findings from research conducted over the last two decades suggest that the multimodal information that was once viewed as incidental might actually be quite important. In particular, the visual and somatosensory modalities are worthy of in-depth consideration. In the context of singing, visual refers to the head and facial movements that are visible while observing singing, while somatosensory refers to the perception of vibrotactile information on the skin or the body. There is a vast array of visual and somatosensory information that avails itself during perception of singing, especially in a live context. There is also an important role for somatosensory information during the production of singing. In summary, it seems that multimodal information can shape both the perception and production of singing. This chapter presents ethological and psychological perspectives on the role of multimodal information in singing and singing development before providing an overview of the chapters in Part III of the volume.
Historical, Musical, and Scientific Foundations for Studies of Singing: Introduction To Part I
Authors: Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

Part I of this volume contains chapters that represent various disciplines that are relevant to the understanding of singing. This overall context lays the groundwork for the remaining parts of the volume which focus specifically on the development of singing. By the same token, the foundation chapters will be relevant to the remaining two volumes of the series. This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section introduces the chapters that fall within a historical and musical framework. The second section introduces chapters from scientific and medical disciplines.
Predictive Value of Narmour's Principles for Cohesiveness, Pleasingness, and Memory of Webern Melodies
Authors: Russo Frank , Cuddy Lola L.
Published: March 2024

Previous research has demonstrated that the perceived cohesiveness of an atonal rhythmically isochronous melody can be predicted by its adherence to certain "bottom-up" principles outlined in Narmour's (1990, 1991, 1992) Implication-Realization theory of melodic expectancy (Russo & Cuddy, 1995). The cohesiveness measure offers a new application of Narmour's principles. We refer to cohesiveness as a global property emerging from the total composite of notes in a melody, and thus distinct from local tone-to-tone expectancies examined in earlier studies (Cuddy & Lunney, 1995; Krumhansl, 1995; Thompson, Cuddy, & Plaus, 1996). The two experiments reported here applied the concept of principle adherence to predict listeners' judgments of cohesiveness and pleasingness of melodies and also listeners' memory for melodies. In an effort to increase ecological validity, real melodies composed by Anton Webern were selected as the stimulus contexts for both experiments.
Setting words to music: Effects of phoneme on the experience of interval size
Authors: Russo Frank , Vuvan Dominique T. , Thompson William Forde
Published: March 2024

The experience of pitch relations is known to be in fluenced by timbral brightness, Because phonemes naturally v ary in their extent of brightness, we wondered whether the experi- ence of pitch relations in vocal music was influenc ed by phoneme content. Three-tone sequences were synthesi zed so as to vary with regard to both pitch and phoneme con- tent. Perceived interval size was found to vary as a function of the interaction between normalized spectral cent roid and pitch contour, with larger pitch distances asso ciated with sequences possessing congruent contours. Propo sals concerning the underlying mechanism and various imp lica- tions of the findings are discussed.
Preattentive Integration of Visual and Auditory Dimensions of Music
Authors: Thompson William Forde , Russo Frank , Quinto Lena
Published: March 2024

We examined whether facial expressions of performers influence the emotional connotations of sung materials, and whether attention is implicated in audio-visual integration of affective cues. In Experiment 1, participants judged the emotional valence of audio-visual presentations of sung intervals. Performances were edited such that auditory and visual information conveyed congruent or incongruent affective connotations. In the single-task condition, participants judged the emotional connotation of sung intervals. In the dual-task condition, participants judged the emotional connotation of intervals while performing a secondary task. Judgements were influenced by melodic cues and facial expressions and the effects were undiminished by the secondary task. Experiment 2 involved identical conditions but participants were instructed to base judgements on auditory information alone. Again, facial expressions influenced judgements and the effect was undiminished by the secondary task. The results suggest that visual aspects of music performance are automatically and preattentively registered and integrated with auditory cues. Although music is an auditory phenomenon, music experiences often include a visual dimension arising from the facial expressions and gestures of performers. Indeed, before the invention of the gramophone and phonograph, all musical performances were heard and seen by the audience. In many contemporary musical idioms such as opera, musical theatre, and rock concerts, visual information is integral to the experience. When visual aspects of performance are perceptually available, music becomes a Correspondence should be addressed to: Bill Thompson,
Cross-Modal Integration In Music Perception
Authors: Maksimowski Michael , Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

A study was conducted to investigate the differences in the extent of visual and vibrotactile influences on auditory judgments and the role of learning in cross-modal integration in music. The results of the study indicate that visual and vibrotactile inputs enhance accuracy for judgments of interval size compared to audio alone. Participants gained enhancements of accuracy from both audio-visual and audio-vibrotactile conditions. Relative gains from vibrotactile exposure are not considering that auditory-vibrotactile associations are both lawful and stem from same environmental signal. Cross-modal parings of auditory and vibrotactile information are relatively unfamiliar to participants. The study also showed that, in ecological settings, lower- and higher-frequency vibrational components are available simultaneously, resulting in masking of higher-frequency components.
System and method for displaying sound as vibrations
Authors: Karam Maria , I. Fels Deborah , Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

There is provided a method and a system for presenting audio signals as vibrotactile stimuli to the body in accordance with a Model Human Cochlea (MHC). Audio signals are obtained for presentation. The audio signals are separated into multiple bands of discrete frequency ranges that encompass the complete audio signal. Those signals are output to multiple vibrotactile devices. The vibrotactile devices may be positioned in a respective housing to intensify and constrain a vibrational energy from the vibrotactile devices. Output of the vibrotactile devices stimulate the cutaneous receptors of the skin at the locations where the vibrotactile devices are placed. In one embodiment, a system implements this method using audio voice coils that are embedded in a chair, which make contact with the human body while seated.
Do Urban Soundscapes Influence Visual Attention?
Authors: Loria Tristan D. , Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

An empirically validated behavioral measure was used to assess whether urban soundscapes have an influence on visual attention. 68 undergraduate students at Ryerson University were recruited for participation. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three exposure conditions, concurrent, prolonged, and brief. Participants in the concurrent condition heard the soundscapes continuously, making a visual judgment while the soundscape played. For each participant, a local bias estimate was determined for each soundscape by subtracting global from local reaction time (RT). Local bias estimates were subjected to a 3-way analysis of variance. A main effect of soundscape is found, which suggests that the influence of the soundscapes assessed is variable. local bias estimates are found to be significantly correlated with subjective variables.
The motor origins of human and avian song structure
Authors: Tierney Adam , Russo Frank , D. Patel Aniruddh
Published: March 2024

Human song exhibits great structural diversity, yet certain aspects of melodic shape (how pitch is patterned over time) are widespread. These include a predominance of arch-shaped and descending melodic contours in musical phrases, a tendency for phrase-final notes to be relatively long, and a bias toward small pitch movements between adjacent notes in a melody [Huron D (2006) Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA)]. What is the origin of these features? We hypothesize that they stem from motor constraints on song production (i.e., the energetic efficiency of their underlying motor actions) rather than being innately specified. One prediction of this hypothesis is that any animals subject to similar motor constraints on song will exhibit similar melodic shapes, no matter how distantly related those animals are to humans. Conversely, animals who do not share similar motor constraints on song will not exhibit convergent melodic shapes. Birds provide an ideal case for testing these predictions, because their peripheral mechanisms of song production have both notable similarities and differences from human vocal mechanisms [Riede T, Goller F (2010) Brain Lang 115:69–80]. We use these similarities and differences to make specific predictions about shared and distinct features of human and avian song structure and find that these predictions are confirmed by empirical analysis of diverse human and avian song samples.
When vocal training masks structure: Individual differences in visual aspects of sung interval size
Authors: Russo Frank , Chan Lisa , Edwards Darryl
Published: March 2024

Vocal training typically emphasizes aspects of production that are important to pitch and voice quality such as vocal control and breathing. By contrast, visually available aspects of production tend to receive far less attention. Nonetheless, recent research suggests that visual aspects of performance are relevant to audience experience, influencing perception of emotion and structure. With regard to the latter, a linear relation has been demonstrated between the size of sung melodic intervals and the extent of head movement, eyebrow lifting, and mouth opening. Observers track these visually available aspects of song production, and they influence judgments of interval size in a manner that is pre-attentive and automatic. We wondered whether the emphasis on vocal control in classical training might somehow interfere with visual aspects of performance. We asked classically trained and competent amateur vocalists to produce ascending melodic intervals ranging in size from unison to octave. Participants were asked to make estimates of interval size based on observation of visual-only recordings. Accuracy of estimates was higher for intervals that were produced by the untrained group. This provocative finding may have implications for vocal pedagogy.
Comparing Computer Versus Human Data Collection Methods for Public Usability Evaluations of a Tactile-Audio Display
Authors: Karam Maria , Branje Carmen , Udo John-Patrick , Russo Frank , Fels Deborah I.
Published: March 2024

We present a public usability study that provides preliminary results on the effectiveness of a universally designed system that conveys music and other sounds into tactile sensations. The system was displayed at a public science museum as part of a larger multimedia exhibit aimed at presenting a youths’ perspective on global warming and the environment. We compare two approaches to gathering user feedback about the system in a study that we conducted to assess user responses to the inclusion of a tactile display within the larger audio-visual exhibit; in one version, a human researcher administered the study and in the other version a touch screen computer was used to obtain responses. Both approaches were used to explore the public’s basic understanding of the tactile display within the context of the larger exhibit.

The two methods yielded very similar responses from participants; however, our comparison of the two techniques revealed that there were subtle differences overall. In this paper, we compare the two study techniques for their value in providing access to public usability data for assessing universally designed interactive systems. We present both sets of results, with a cost benefit analysis of using each in the context of public usability tests for universal design.
Absolute Pitch and Musical Expertise Modulate Neuro-Electric and Behavioral Responses in an Auditory Stroop Paradigm
Authors: Sharma Vivek V. , Thaut Michael , Russo Frank , Alain Claude
Published: March 2024

Musicians have considerable experience naming pitch-classes with verbal (e.g., Doh, Ré, and Mi) and semiotic tags (e.g., musical notation). On the one end of the spectrum, musicians can identify the pitch of a piano tone or quality of a chord without a reference tone [i.e., absolute pitch (AP) or relative pitch], which suggests strong associations between the perceived pitch information and verbal labels. Here, we examined the strength of this association using auditory versions of the Stroop task while neuro-electric brain activity was measured using high-density electroencephalography. In separate blocks of trials, participants were presented with congruent or incongruent auditory words from English language (standard auditory Stroop), Romanic solemnization, or German key lexicons (the latter two versions require some knowledge of music notation). We hypothesized that musically trained groups would show greater Stroop interference effects when presented with incongruent musical notations than non-musicians. Analyses of behavioral data revealed small or even non-existent congruency effects in musicians for solfège and keycodes versions of the Stroop task. This finding was unexpected and appears inconsistent with the hypothesis that musical training and AP are associated with high strength response level associations between a perceived pitch and verbal label. The analyses of event-related potentials revealed three temporally distinct modulations associated with conflict processing. All three modulations were larger in the auditory word Stroop than in the other two versions of the Stroop task. Only AP musicians showed significant congruity effects around 450 and 750 ms post-stimulus when stimuli were presented as Germanic keycodes (i.e., C or G). This finding suggests that AP possessors may process alpha-numeric encodings as word forms with a semantic value, unlike their RP possessing counterparts and non-musically trained individuals. However, the strength of musical conditional associations may not exceed that of standard language in speech.
The efficacy of singing in foreign-language learning
Authors: Good Arla , Russo Frank , Sullivan Jennifer
Published: March 2024

This study extends the popular notion that memory for text can be supported by song to foreign-language learning. Singing can be intrinsically motivating, attention focusing, and simply enjoyable for learners of all ages. The melodic and rhythmic context of song enhances recall of native text; however, there is limited evidence that these benefits extend to foreign text. In this study, Spanish-speaking Ecuadorian children learned a novel English passage for 2 weeks. Children in a sung condition learned the passage as a song and children in the spoken condition learned the passage as an oral poem. Children were tested on their ability to recall the passage verbatim, pronounce English vowel sounds, and translate target terms from English to Spanish. As predicted, children in the sung condition outperformed children in the spoken condition in all three domains. The song advantage persevered after a 6-month delay. Findings have important implications for foreign language instruction.