bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Costa Rican fungi as potential biomaterials
Authors: Fallas-Méndez Adriana , Solano-Campos Frank , Mau-Inchaustegui Silvia , Sáenz-Arce Giovanni , Solano-Campos Stefany
Published: September 2024

Fungal biomaterials are gaining relevance due to their intrinsic ability of self-repair, higher sensitivity to external conditions and faster growth respective to synthetic materials. This project consists of evaluating and characterizing the physical properties of fungal strains isolated from a Pacific Coast Mangrove in Costa Rica. We identified environmental strains by recording their morphological features and complemented this by ITS-based DNA barcoding, and subsequently, classified three strains based on morphological features and seven strains by molecular analyses. Ongoing work is being done to measure electrical responses of these fungi upon light stimulation; in addition, a protocol for studying their piezoelectric properties is being developed to identify potential candidates to be used in the field of electronics. To the extent of our knowledge, our project is the first one to report piezoelectric properties from microscopic fungi in Costa Rica as means to determine its potential as biomaterials.
Exploration and selection of LLM models for financial text simplification
Authors: Brenes-Brenes Bertha C , Calderón-Ramírez Saul
Published: September 2024

This research is dedicated to the simplification of Spanish-language financial texts to enhance accessibility for screen readers. We present a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the text simplification process, employing a set of Spanish simplification rules and metrics. Our study evaluates the outcomes resulting from the application of three distinct financial datasets to four pre-trained models. The primary objective is to identify the most effective models for text simplification and determine those warranting further investment through fine-tuning and training. This study contributes to improving the accessibility and comprehensibility of financial documents for individuals with visual impairments.
Antioxidant and antibacterial extracts from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) skins: Exploring the Potential of Transforming Agricultural Byproducts into Functional Supplements
Authors: Álvarez-Valverde Victor , Alfaro-Zúñiga Carlos , Passos-Pequeno Andreia , Carvajal-Miranda Yendri , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Jorengeth , Rodríguez Gerardo , Jiménez-Bonilla Pablo
Published: September 2024

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is a tropical fruit characterized by its oval shape and hairy skin, primarily valued for its juicy pulp. The peels, constituting 45% of the fruit’s weight, are a source of valuable compounds like geraniin, ellagic acid, and quercetin. These peels possess antimicrobial properties effective against various bacteria, making them suitable for food preservation and packaging. Additionally, rambutan extracts hold promise as supplements in animal feed, enhancing growth and reducing methane production. This research delves into the antioxidant and antimicrobial attributes of diverse rambutan varieties. The skin (exocarp) of rambutan fruits from three Costa Rican cultivars -Creole, Rongrein, and Yellow- were collected and processed. Total polyphenolic content (TPC), proanthocyanidins, antioxidant activity, geraniin content, and antimicrobial activity were determined for the three varieties. Also, proanthocyanidin-enriched fractions from rambutan extracts were generated and analyzed. The results revealed TPC and antioxidant activity variations among different rambutan varieties and harvest years. All rambutan extracts displayed antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, the research underscores the rich antioxidant content in rambutan peels, irrespective of the variety, and underscores their potential for use in both human and animal nutrition due to their chemical composition.
Clustering of cantons in Costa Rica based on interest variables during the beta variant of Covid-19
Authors: Ugalde-Araya Isaí
Published: September 2024

The study of case behavior and the analysis of bioindicators are relevant and important for decision-making by health authorities worldwide, related to the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, numerous investigations have been carried out around the world to understand this phenomenon, its variants, and its primary impacts on population health. In this study, a cluster analysis was conducted based on the variables of mortality rate, morbidity rate, and fatality rate, along with cantonal geographical density, for the period of the beta variant in Costa Rica, corresponding to the months from February to June 2021. Therefore, a total of three methods were chosen to obtain groups: k-means, k-medoids, and fuzzy methods; as well as two types of distances: Euclidean and Manhattan. Additionally, the sum of squares within groups and the Dunn index were used to validate the formation of the clusters. It was identified that the method and distance that formed the most compact cantonal clusters with lower intragroup variability were k-medoids and Manhattan, respectively, due to their greater robustness against extreme values. Among the formed groups, cluster 1 has a moderate impact of the pandemic during the specified variant, while groups 2 and 3 have low and high impacts, respectively. Moreover, groups 1 and 2 are predominantly composed of cantons outside the Greater Metropolitan Area, in contrast to the third group. This analysis provides valuable insights for health authorities in understanding the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic in Costa Rican regions and aids in the development of targeted strategies for effective management.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Android dalam Meningkatkan Ketuntasan Belajar Fiqih Siswa Kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Baridah Wahyu Lailatul
Published: September 2024

Penelitian pengembangan ini dilakukan untuk memecahkan permasalahan yang ada dalam kegiatan pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran Fiqih di MIN 4 Nganjuk. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya adalah kurangnya pemanfaatan teknologi dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar dan metode konvensional yang digunakan guru yang monoton membuat siswa mudah bosan dan tidak memahami materi pelajaran sehingga ketuntasan belajar siswa rendah. Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran yang layak, efektif dan menarik guna meningkatkan ketuntasan belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Fiqih kelas IV. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian dan pengembangan (RnD) adalah teori Borg and Gall yang telah disederhanakan menjadi 5 langkah, yaitu: pengumpulan informasi, perencanaan, pengembangan produk, uji validasi dan revisi, serta uji coba lapangan. Dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, angket dan tes serta menggunakan analisis data berupa uji paired simple test. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian pengembangan ini adalah produk yang dikembangkan layak dan efektif digunakan dalam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar serta dapat meningkatkan ketuntasan belajar siswa kelas IV MIN 4 Nganjuk
Reliability and Validity Testing of the Modified Quality of Interaction Scale
Authors: McPherson Rachel , Resnick Barbara , Holmes Sarah , Galik Elizabeth , Paudel Anju , Levy Sorah
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose:Limited care interaction measurements capture important interaction characteristics that occur during staff–resident care interactions. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of Modified Quality of Interaction Scale (MQuIS).Methods:Data from an observational study in four assisted living facilities was used.Results:A total of 152 staff–resident care interactions were observed. There was some evidence of reliability based on the Rasch analysis (item reliability of .98). There was some support for validity based on the item fit and hypothesis testing as active resident engagement was significantly associated with positive social and positive care interactions.Conclusions:This study provides some support for the use of the MQuIS to evaluate the quality of care interactions in assisted living settings.
Cervical Cancer Screening Barriers and Facilitators for Sexual and Gender Minority People: A Community-Engaged Feasibility Approach
Authors: Aleshire Mollie , Huffines Rhiannon , Combs Ryan M. , Tinman Jennifer S. , Nzama Nqobile , Sha Shuying
Published: September 2024

The purposes of this study were to identify barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening (CCS) among sexual and gender minority (SGM) people and to determine strategies to facilitate increased CCS among these populations. Between August 2021 and December 2022, 33 semistructured, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with SGM adults in Kentucky. Interview transcripts were analyzed using inductive content analysis to identify patterns and themes. Barriers to CCS included negative experiences with CCS, negative associations with CCS, and healthcare providers’ lack of SGM population awareness. Facilitators of CCS included positive CCS experiences related to healthcare providers and positive CCS experiences related to healthcare settings. Recommended strategies to increase CCS were SGM population-targeted CCS encouragement and cervical cancer self-screening. Healthcare provider and healthcare system barriers and facilitators have a disproportionate influence on SGM individuals’ CCS behaviors. CCS must be normalized in the SGM community and presented and promoted specifically to SGM populations. Human papillomavirus self-sampling acceptability for SGM populations should be explored. There is a critical need for piloting culturally tailored, innovative interventions supported by healthcare providers, healthcare systems, and SGM community partners, underpinned with acceptable, accessible, and evidence-based cervical cancer prevention strategies for SGM populations.
Examination of Cyberbullying Experiences of Social Media Users
Authors: Kacar Cemre , Kendirkıran Gülcan
Published: September 2024

This study was carried out in a descriptive and cross-sectional design in order to examine the cyberbullying experiences of individuals using social media. This descriptive study was conducted online between June 16, 2022, and August 16, 2022, in Turkey. The data collection process was completed with 471 participants. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form and the Cyberbullying Triangulation Questionnaire. The mean questionnaire score was found to be 7.36 ± 6.99. Cyberbully, cybervictim, and cyberbystander scores of men were found to be higher than those of women. Also, cybervictim, cyberbully, and cyberbystander scores of those who experienced cybervictim or engaged in cyberbully were significantly higher (p< .05). A positive relationship was found between cyberbully and cybervictim (p= .000), between cyberbystander and cybervictim and cyberbully (p< .05), and between the Cyberbullying Triangulation Questionnaire total scores and cybervictim, cyberbully, and cyberbystander (p< .05). Individuals should be given training on risky internet use and the correct use of technology to prevent cyberbullying. Families should also be supported in setting an example, setting rules, applying filtering software, determining online behavior rules, and communicating with the bully or victim child. Individuals should be informed about the steps to follow when exposed to cyberbullying. Although legal sanctions are effective on cyberbullying, it is recommended that a holistic study be planned and carried out according to the people’s age group and development level to increase awareness about the phenomenon.
Chronique piscicole : la pêche dans la lagune d'Ampahana (Madagascar)
Authors: Kiener A. , Bouqueau A. , Rahamalivony R.
Published: September 2024

Pas de réséumé
Immunological Response of Interleukin-6 on Cantang Hybrid Grouper (Ephinephelus sp.) By Induction Of Protein Brachionus sp.
Authors: Kumalaningrum Dwi Retna , Yanuhar Uun , Musa Mohammad , Martiningsih Nur Fauzi-yah
Published: September 2024

This study examines the role of Brachionus sp protein on the interleukin-6 pro-inflammatory immune system in Cantang grouper infected with Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN). The purpose of this study was to determine the protein content of Brachionus sp. which has the potential as an antivirus and to find out the benefits of Brachionus sp. on the expression of Interleukin-6 as an indicator of increased fish body defense system against VNN. Testing of Brachionus protein by injection at doses of 35 µl, 105 µl, and 170 µl /150 gram Cantang grouper. The results showed that the lowest decrease was at a dose of 105 µl/150-gram Cantang groupers.  In addition, Brachionus sp. contains 3 protein bands with molecular weights of 122.73 kDa, 75.49 kDa, and 13.77 kDa.
Shelter Differences on Growth and Survival of Red Claw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) in Experimental Tanks
Authors: Raharjo Siggit Dwi Raharjo , Saraswati Erika , Yuniartik Mega
Published: September 2024

Red claw crayfish (C. quadricarinatus) culture has a serious problem, which is the low survival rate caused by cannibalism. High levels of cannibalism begin to appear since the juvenile stadia, and when the lobster is moulting. Shelter is necessary during the cultivation process to reduce the level of lobster cannibalism. The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the differences in shelter on the growth and survival rate of freshwater lobster. The method used in the study was experimental with a completely randomized design (CRD). Consists of 5 treatments, including treatment without shelter (K), PVC pipe (A), roster (B), plastic hose (C), and hydrilla (D). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance in the form of one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The results of this study showed that shelter differences had a significant effect on absolute weight growth (Sig. 0.002), growth rate (Sig. 0.014), biomass weight (Sig. 0.001), survival rate (Sig. 0.001), but the difference in shelter has no significant effect on absolute length growth Sig. 0.858. The results of water quality observations found that shelter differences do not significantly affect the water quality of crayfish (C. quadricarinatus). The highest absolute weight growth was in the paralon pipe shelter with a value of 0.93 g, the highest length growth was in the roster shelter at 1.22 cm, the highest growth rate was in the PVC pipe shelter at 0.027 g/day, the highest biomass weight was in the PVC pipe shelter 32.64 g, the highest survival rate was in the PVC pipe shelter 92.6%.
Nutrient Concentration, Water Brightness, Chlorophyll-a, and Phytoplankton Abundance as Indicators for Determining the Trophic Status of Lake Toba, North Sumatera - Indonesia
Authors: Saragih Friska Setiawani , Djamil Hasim , Juanda Juanda , Mubarak Ahmad Shofy , Hasan Veryl , Sihombing Agusmanto , Satyantini Woro Hastuti
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the water quality and phytoplankton abundance in Lake Toba to determine its trophic status. This research was conducted from January to March 2024 at four stations in Lake Toba. Water samples were taken using a UWITEC water sampler and a plankton net and brought to the laboratory for analysis. The study measured physical and chemical water quality and phytoplankton abundance. The results showed a brightness ranging between 5.8 and 6.3 meters, chlorophyll-a content <10 µg/L, total nitrogen <750 µg/L, and phosphorus ranging from 20 µg/L to 30 µg/L. Based on these parameters, the nutrient quality of Lake Toba was classified as mesotrophic. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 22,514 to 33,475 individuals/L, with 33 genera identified across nine classes: Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Coscinodiscophyceae, Dinophyceae, Euglenida, Fragilariophyceae, Mediophyceae, and Zygnemophyceae. The diversity index (H') was 2.631 - 2.723, the uniformity index (E) was 0.828 - 0.872, and the percentage of blue-green algae was 14.75 - 20.85. Zygnemophyceae was the most dominant phytoplankton class, with Staurastrum sp. being the most prevalent species. In conclusion, Lake Toba's waters are categorized as mesotrophic based on the chemical parameters and as eutrophic based on phytoplankton abundance, indicating potential nutrient enrichment issues that warrant further investigation.
Liver injury and recovery following radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: insights from functional liver imaging
Authors: Zaki Peter , Thonglert Kanokphorn , Apisarnthanarax Smith , Grassberger Clemens , Bowen Stephen R. , Tsai Joseph , Sham Jonathan G. , Chiang Bing-Hao , Nyflot Matthew J.
Published: September 2024

Aim: A critical need for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management is understanding how the liver recovers following radiotherapy (RT). We hypothesized that functional liver imaging with 99mTc-sulfur colloid (SC) SPECT/CT provides additional information on liver injury and recovery after RT compared to conventional imaging.

Methods: The liver function of patients with HCC was assessed using 99mTc-SC SPECT/CT imaging before and after definitive RT. The anatomical liver volume (ALV) was segmented on CT imaging. Liver function was measured as the total liver function (TLF) encompassing 30% of maximum SC uptake. Changes in ALV and TLF were compared to clinical characteristics.

Results: Of 31 patients with evaluable post-RT SC SPECT/CT scans (total of 32), 23 had pre-treatment Child-Pugh (CP)-A and 9 had CP-B/C scores. The median follow-up post-RT was 57 days. The median change in ALV was -1.7% with no significant difference between CP-A and CP-B/C patients (P = 0.26) or between short- (32-99 days) and long-term (271-1120 days) follow-up imaging groups (P = 0.28). The median change in TLF post-RT was -24% and was significantly different between short- and long-term groups (-39% vs. 2%, P = 0.001) and between CP-A and CP-B/C patients (-19% vs. -57%, P = 0.002). TLF significantly decreased following treatment at all radiation dose levels, with the decline correlating with the dose (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Functional imaging provides additional information regarding liver injury and recovery following RT that conventional imaging cannot reveal. Patients with CP-A liver status showed less decline following RT and most had liver function near or above pre-treatment levels.
EXPLORING THE ROLE OF PORTFOLIOS IN FOSTERING STUDENT COURSE ENGAGEMENT
Authors: Cimermanova Ivana , Jelavic Dajana
Published: September 2024

Reflective learning is an important factor that has a positive impact on students’ learning efficacy. The study aims to bring insight into the use of e-portfolios as a means and tool to promote reflection in the classroom and build self-reflection habits, plan learning activities and build learning autonomy. Mahara e-portfolio was used during the period of eight months with a group of secondary school students in Croatia (n = 57) who filled in the student course engagement questionnaire consisting of 23 Likert-scale items before and after this period. The questionnaire data are categorized into four categories, dimensions: skills engagement, participation/ interaction engagement, emotional engagement and performance engagement. Students systematically worked with Mahara, and based on the data collected that were analysed using Statistica software, no positive impact on students’ engagement was proved. Even though the quantitative results are relatively neutral, the observations and discussions with teachers and students indicate a positive impact on motivation. Building autonomy and using tools for reflection and self-reflection should become necessary components of university pre-service teacher education.
UKRAINIAN PHD STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD AI LANGUAGE PROCESSING TOOLS IN THE CONTEXT OF ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES
Authors: Kramar Natalie , Bedrych Yaroslava , Shelkovnikova Zinaida
Published: September 2024

Mastering academic writing skills in English is essential for future researchers. At present, AI language processing tools provide high-quality, accessible, and fast assistance for translation, editing, and stylistic enhancement of scientific texts. However, their use within English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses generates mixed reactions among educators and raises ethical concerns. Our study aimed to explore the predominant perceptions of AI language processing tools by PhD students of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU) from the viewpoint of their integration into the academic English course taught in the first year of their PhD studies. The study involved 52 PhD students from various NASU institutes. They completed a survey with both closed-ended and open-ended questions regarding their previous and expected use of online translators, writing enhancement tools, and ChatGPT for research writing purposes. The results of the survey show that NASU PhD students have extensive experience with online translators, but are less familiar with writing enhancement tools and less certain about their potential use in the future. Almost a third of the respondents expressed reservations about using ChatGPT for academic writing due to academic integrity concerns. Most of the respondents (66%) agree that the basics of ethical use of AI writing and editing tools should be incorporated into EAP courses. One subgroup of the participants (n = 11) took part in a small-scale additional intervention focused on writing enhancement tools. They were asked to apply Grammarly, QuillBot, and ChatGPT to edit their course projects (presentations of the current state of their dissertation research) and compare these tools according to various criteria. The feedback provided by this subgroup indicates that they were most satisfied with the quality of editing provided by ChatGPT but found Grammarly and QuillBot easier to use and more suitable for superficial grammar checks. We found out that the AI tools helped participants achieve improvements primarily in such aspects as the use of articles, punctuation, use of prepositions, and elimination of redundancy. The study has significant pedagogical implications, promoting the wider use of AI tools in the context of teaching English for Academic Purposes and addressing appropriate teaching techniques and methods.
ENHANCING MANUSCRIPT QUALITY: COMMON MISTAKES AND BEST PRACTICES FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH PAPERS
Authors: Kornieva Zoia , Lukianenko Valentyna , Baklazhenko Yuliia
Published: September 2024

This editorial offers a comprehensive guide for researchers planning to publish in high-impact education journals. It identifies common pitfalls in manuscript submissions and provides practical recommendations to overcome them. The paper emphasizes the importance of aligning with a journal's aims and scope, adhering to submission guidelines, and effectively structuring the manuscript using the IMRAD model. It also addresses weaknesses in various manuscript sections and underlines the significance of citing up-to-date sources, detailed methodological descriptions, ethical considerations, and a logical flow between sections. It concludes that respectful communication in response letters to reviewers significantly impacts the publication decision. Additionally, it offers valuable strategies to improve publication success in high-impact education journals.
Enhancing Force Absorption, Stress-Strain and Thermal Properties of Weft-Knitted Inlay Spacer Fabric Structures for Apparel Applications
Authors: Kwan Mei-ying , Tu Yi-fan , Yick Kit-lun , Yip Joanne , Li Nga-wun , Yu Annie , Lo Ka-wai
Published: September 2024

The pursuit of materials that offer both wear comfort and protection for functional and protective clothing has led to the exploration of weft-knitted spacer structures. Traditional cushioning materials such as spacer fabrics and laminated foam often suffer from deformation under compression stresses, thus compromising their protective properties. This study investigates the enhancement of the force absorption, stress-strain and thermal properties of weft-knitted spacer fabrics with inlays. Surface yarns with optimal stretchability and thermal properties are used and combined with elastic yarns in various patterns to fabricate nine different inlay samples. The mechanical and thermal properties of these samples are systematically analyzed, including their compression, stretchability, thermal comfort and surface properties. The results show that the inlay spacer fabric exhibits superior compression properties and thermal conductivity compared to traditional laminated foam and spacer fabrics, while maintaining stretchability, thus providing a better performance than traditional fabrics for protective clothing and wearable cushioning products. This study further confirms that the type of inlay yarn and inlay structure are crucial factors that significantly influence the thermal, tensile and compressive properties of fabric. This research provides valuable insights into the design and development of advanced textile structures to improve wear comfort and protection in functional garment applications.
Deep Learning for Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
Authors: Olaoluwa Favour , Potter Kaledio
Published: September 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of cybersecurity, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) play a critical role in safeguarding networks and systems from unauthorized access and malicious activities. Traditional IDS approaches, relying heavily on predefined rules and signature-based detection, often struggle to keep pace with the dynamic nature of modern cyber threats. Deep learning, with its ability to automatically learn complex patterns and representations from large datasets, offers a promising solution to this challenge. This paper explores the application of deep learning techniques in enhancing the effectiveness and accuracy of IDS. By leveraging advanced neural network architectures such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and autoencoders, deep learning-based IDS can detect both known and unknown (zero-day) attacks with higher precision. We discuss the advantages of deep learning in IDS, including its capability to handle large-scale data, adaptability to evolving threats, and reduced dependency on human intervention. Furthermore, this paper reviews recent advancements in deep learning for IDS, highlights the challenges associated with their implementation, and suggests future directions for research to overcome these hurdles. The integration of deep learning into IDS frameworks represents a significant step forward in the development of intelligent and autonomous cybersecurity systems.
Optimizing Recovery in Patients with Dual Impairments: Proprioception and Balance Enhancement through Combined Vestibular and Knee Rehabilitation
Authors: Crișan-Mălăncrăvean Patricia-Maria , Brînzaniuc Klara , Fodor Pal , Mühlfay Gheorghe
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of an integrated rehabilitation program that combines vestibular and knee-focused therapies to improve proprioceptive function, balance, and motor control in patients suffering from both Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) and knee joint conditions. The study involved 59 participants diagnosed with both vestibular dysfunction and knee impairments, who were enrolled in a comprehensive rehabilitation program. Vestibular interventions included specific maneuvers such as the Epley maneuver and Brandt-Daroff exercises, aimed at repositioning otoliths and reducing vertigo symptoms, while balance retraining exercises were implemented to enhance stability and prevent falls. Additionally, TECAR therapy was used for its deep tissue heating and regenerative benefits, and specific proprioceptive exercises targeting the knee joint were conducted to improve joint position sense and reduce the risk of falls. The intervention resulted in significant improvements in proprioceptive accuracy, as evidenced by enhanced joint position sense measurements and increased scores on the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI). These findings suggest that the dual-targeted rehabilitation approach not only addresses the individual impairments associated with vestibular dysfunction and knee pathology but also effectively improves overall functional outcomes by tackling the complex interplay between these conditions. The study further highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in rehabilitation, where addressing vestibular and musculoskeletal dysfunctions simultaneously can lead to better patient outcomes. The integrated rehabilitation strategy presented in this study offers a comprehensive approach to managing complex clinical cases, ultimately contributing to improved quality of life and functional independence in patients affected by concurrent vestibular and knee joint issues.
A New Meta-Heuristic Method: Pi Algorithm and An Its Application on Data Clustering
Authors: DEMİR Murat
Published: September 2024

Meta-heuristic algorithms are methods that try to solve problems by imitating events and systems existing in nature. It can be very difficult to solve nonlinear problems with the help of known classical algorithms. In this study, a new meta-heuristic method, the Pi algorithm, is proposed. Pi is a special number that is not periodic and contains many different number combinations in its digits calculated so far. The most important part of meta-heuristic methods is the equations and parameters used to ensure the diversity of the created population. In this study, a specific Pi coefficient for each attribute was calculated with the help of the Monte-Carlo method. These coefficients were used in the Pi algorithm in other parts of the study. In the application for data clustering, experiments were made on 5 different data sets. The best accuracy rate of 95.5% was achieved.

In this respect, it has been seen that the Pi algorithm works successfully as a meta-heuristic method. It can be studied on a population-based data clustering, classification, prediction, etc. It can be easily applied in all areas.
ESG Reporting of Commercial Banks in Poland the Aspect of the New Requirements of the Directive on Corporate Reporting in the Field of Sustainable Development (CSRD)
Authors: Matuszak-Flejszman Alina , Łukaszewski Sebastian , Banach Joanna Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

For several years, commercial banks in Poland have been reporting activities related to the impact on the environment, society, and corporate governance (ESG). However, only new guidelines, mandatory for many entities, including banks, will allow for comparing these reports, which will be of great importance mainly for investors. The forms of these reports were and still are different, difficult to compare in individual years, and difficult to compare between banks.
The article aims to present the banks' preparation for the new reporting rules based on the latest ESG reports. The research was conducted in 4 groups of commercial banks operating in Poland, which are the largest companies listed in the WIG Banks sub-index of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Gaps in the preparation of these banks for non-financial reporting were identified.
The non-financial reports of the banks studied have significant information potential that can be used by various stakeholder groups, including investors, customers, employees, regulators, and local communities. However, the comparability of ESG reports is one of the key challenges faced by both reporting banks and users of these reports.
The research results can be used both in scientific works and by bank representatives to improve non-financial reports.
Ensuring Educational Ecosystem Resilience: Safeguarding the Learning Landscape through IEEE Methodologies
Authors: Biplob Md. Badiuzzaman , Faysal Al , Akther Mili
Published: September 2024

Because the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of digital assets are so important, cybersecurity is key to both the education sector and the critical infrastructure sector. This article investigates the state of cybersecurity in education, emphasizing strategies for securing the classroom against cyberattacks. We go over important subtopics including risk assessment, putting security measures in place, and incident response preparation. Furthermore, we examine how industry-academia partnerships might improve cybersecurity resilience. We also explore cybersecurity for critical infrastructure, stressing the need for risk assessment, security control implementation, and incident reaction and recovery planning. We introduce subtopics such as public-private partnerships in critical infrastructure protection and continuous monitoring and threat detection systems. By use of an extensive examination, this article seeks to provide perspectives on efficacious cybersecurity tactics for preserving education and vital infrastructure, guaranteeing the sustained steadiness and adaptability of the community against constantly changing cyber threats.
Exploring the Role of Psychedelic Experiences on Wellbeing and Symptoms of Disordered Eating
Authors: Loh Nadine , Luke David
Published: September 2024

Accumulating psychedelic research has demonstrated potential for improving mental health and wellbeing, yet studies in the context of eating disorders (EDs) are limited. This study explores the subjective effects of psychedelic experiences to gain insight into the benefits and risks for people with EDs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 eligible adults. A purposive sample of eight adults aged 25-54 (M =  36.9) with chronic EDs, diagnosed (N = 7) and undiagnosed (N = 1) were thematically analysed. Reports of cessation or reduction of ED symptoms were unanimous, with two participants reporting recovery, attributed to psychedelic use. Thematic analysis resulted in two superordinate themes, each comprising three subordinate themes. The first superordinate theme, ‘Exploring’ via the ‘gateway to healing’, illustrates mental, emotional, and transcendental elements of psychedelic experiences. The second superordinate theme, ‘Transformation’ and being ‘able to do the work’, illustrates cognitive and behavioural outcomes, with retrospective safety perceptions. This research presents an account representative of the ED population for the therapeutic potential for psychedelic experiences to reduce symptoms and improve wellbeing. Findings provide evidence of therapeutic feasibility to support larger scale research, emphasising the therapeutic use of psychedelics as a potentially promising avenue for chronic and treatment resistant EDs.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Hypertensive Obese Patients:
An Analysis of Obesity Subtypes
Authors: FATOUMA SALL , MENEAS CHRISTOPHE , N'CHO-MOTTOH MARIE-PAULE BERNADETTE , KOFFI NINA MARIE , GNABA AMBROISE LOA , AKATCHI ROLAND YVES , KEE CEDRICK MANKO , BINATE ALASSANE , N'GUESSAN ISMAEL , DIBY FLORENT , ADOUBI ANICET
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Arterial hypertension and obesity are two major risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality closely linked. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hypertensive patients according to their level of obesity as proposed by the classification of the World Health Organization (WHO).
Patients and Methods: Retrospective study (January 2022-April 2023) involving 230 hypertensive and obese adult patients whose mean age was 52.5 ± 12.05 years [Extremes: 24-85 years] followed on an outpatient basis and classified into 3 Classes according to their body mass index (BMI). Epidemiological, clinical parameters and cardiovascular risk stratification were analyzed. The relevance of the risk stratification method was analyzed by area under the curve (AUC). Statistical analysis was performed using SPPS version 26 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: Classes 1 (n=170; 73.9%), 2 (n=43; 18.7%) and 3 (n=17; 7.4%) were identified. There were significantly more women than men in Class 3 (9.7% versus 2.7%; p=0.001). The risk of being diabetic (OR=0.135;95%CI=0.034–0.541;p=0.005), of having angina pain (OR=0.084;95%CI=0.009–0.790;p=0.030) or developing chronic renal failure (OR=2.416;95%CI=1.471–85.268;p=0.020) was significantly higher in Class 3 than in Class 1. According to cardiovascular risk stratification, 152 patients (66.1%) were at high and very high risk. The level of cardiovascular risk of our patients was not related to the degree of obesity based on body mass index (p=0.32). The risk stratification method was relevant (AUC˃0.70;p˂0.001).
Conclusion: Morbid obesity exposes hypertensives more to cardiovascular, renal and metabolic complications.
An In-Depth Investigation into the Performance of State-of-the-Art Zero-Shot, Single-Shot, and Few-Shot Learning Approaches on an Out-of-Distribution Zero-Day Malware Attack Detection
Authors: Ige Tosin , Kiekintveld Christopher , Piplai Aritran , Wagler Amy , Kolade Olukunle , Matti Bolanle Hafiz
Published: September 2024

N-shot learning has emerge in recent year as potential learning approach to solve the problem of data scarcity by learning underlying pattern from a few training sample. Despite recent state-of-the-art research on model-agnostic metal learning, transfer learning, and optimization strategy to rapidly learn valid information from few sample, there remains a big challenge on an actual out-of-distribution zero-day without any similarity to previously known malware family or new variant of an existing malware family. This ultimately questions the effectiveness of current state-of-the-art few-shot learning approach. In this research, we did an in-depth investigation into the performance of state-of-the-art Zero-shot, Single-shot, and few-shot learning approaches on zero-day out-of-distribution malware attack detection based on their static properties using Malimg and Malevis malware dataset. We ensure our model was aware of an out-of-distribution class during training while varying the number of samples in the out-of-distribution class accordingly zero-shot(no sample), single-shot (1 sample), few-shot(5 samples) while using confusion matrix to get the actual number of correct prediction on out-of-distribution malware validation samples. we assert that the model should be smart enough to detect and classify previously unseen data into an empty family as an out-of-distribution considering that the model was made to be aware of the existence of such distribution during training. Result shows 0, 0, and 3 correct out-of-distribution predictions on Zero-shot, single-shot, and few-shot experiments respectively, thereby showing limitation of the current state-of-the-art N-shot approaches on out-of-distribution attack.
Artificial Intelligence’s Networking Scalability: ESG Value Creation and Bankability Issues
Authors: Moro-Visconti Roberto , Cruz Rambaud Salvador , Lopez Pascual Joaquin
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on traditional firms, specifically examining how scalable network properties and the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations affect financial margins, sustainability, and bankability. The research addresses the core question of how AI investments can drive economic value by enhancing EBITDA and financial stability while aligning firms with sustainability goals. Using advanced network theory and multilayer models, the study reveals that AI-driven scalability significantly improves a firm's financial performance, making it more attractive to investors and financial institutions. Additionally, the integration of ESG factors further enhances operational efficiency, market valuation, and long-term financial stability. The study introduces an innovative "with-or-without" analysis to quantify the comparative benefits of AI and ESG integration, underscoring the role of these technologies in driving sustainable growth and addressing bankability concerns in traditional firms. This comprehensive approach offers new insights into the evolving dynamics of AI, ESG, and corporate finance.
Proposal for a Sustainability-Oriented Innovation Management Model (MGI) for the Agro-Industrial Leather Chain”
Authors: Botero Luis Horacio , Gutiérrez Nolberto , Zuluaga Adriana , Gutiérrez Luis Fernando , Gómez José Orlando , Orozco Gina Lía , Zartha Jhon Wilder
Published: September 2024

This article aims to present the outcomes of a study focused on collaboratively developing an Innovation Management Model (IMG) tailored for Colombia's leather agro-industrial chain. The study integrates stakeholder participation, prioritization of variables, literature review, and model validation, emphasizing sustainability considerations throughout the process. Methodologically, it involved a literature review using Scopus, focusing on innovation management models, open innovation, and sustainability, particularly within the leather sector. The search identified 43 documents in Scopus, of which 15 were directly relevant; this analysis was complemented by 18 articles from Google Scholar. Three surveys were conducted to prioritize variables, utilizing Lik-ert-scale questions to assess relevance and congruence. Conceptual innovation models were validated graphically. Initial variables were identified, with 53 selected for the entry stage, 36 for the transformation stage, and 31 for the exit stage. These variables were classified for each stage, resulting in three innovation management models for validation. Key findings included 26 critical variables covering aspects such as agricultural and technological innovation in platforms and projects, capacity development, R&D activities, supply chain dynamics, innovation management processes, knowledge and technology integration, business model adaptation for sustainable development, and environmental impact assessment. The prioritized innovation model is in-tended to assist stakeholders in the leather sector's innovation system by promoting open inno-vation strategies, sustainable and regenerative innovation generation, and enhancing strategic and technological capacities. The prioritized innovation model aims to assist stakeholders in the leather sector's innovation system by promoting open innovation strategies, sustainable and re-generative innovation generation, and enhancing strategic and technological capacities.
Respiratory Trajectories and Correlation with Serum Biochemical Indices in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Ginanneschi Federica , Bigliazzi Caterina , Cimmino Flora Anna , Casali Stefania , Pelliccioni Pietro , Emmanuello Emanuele , Bargagli Elena , De Stefano Nicola
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: The primary life-threatening complication in Spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is ventilatory failure, which results from the weakening of the bulbar and respiratory muscles. However, systematic studies assessing respiratory function over the long-term have not been performed. The present study analyzes the longitudinal patterns of respiratory function tests over a follow-up of 11 years, aiming to identify any potential, sustained decline during this time. Furthermore, we explored possible correlations between respiratory function tests and clinical and biochemical serum indices.
Methods: We collected data from 9 genetically confirmed SBMA patients and conducted spirometric measurements twice a year for eleven years. The spirometric data included maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), and forced vital capacity (FVC)]. Additionally, we measured serum biochemical indices and SBMA functional rating scale (SBMAFRS) for clinical analysis.
Results: All three respiratory function tests showed a descending trend. A major decrease was observed for MEP (52%) and MIP (42%), while this was minor for FVC (25%). SBMAFRS score correlated with the three pulmonary function tests. MIP and MEP correlated with creatine phosphokinase and creatinine levels, and FVC correlated with serum level of transaminases.
Conclusions: This longitudinal study shows a progressive decline of spirometric data throughout life in patients with SBMA. Spirometric measures relative to maximal strength of the respiratory muscles (MIP and MEP) may have a better predictive value for pulmonary and muscular decline than FVC.
Echocardiography in Cardiac Arrest: Incremental Diagnostic and Prognostic Role during Resuscitation Care
Authors: Mauriello Alfredo , Marrazzo Gemma , Del Vecchio Gerardo Elia , Ascrizzi Antonia , Roma Anna Selvaggia , Correra Adriana , Sabatella Francesco , Gioia Renato , Desiderio Alfonso , Russo Vincenzo , D’Andrea Antonello
Published: September 2024

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a life-critical condition. Patients who survive after CA, they go into a defined post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). In this clinical context, the role of the echocardiogram in recent years has become increasingly important to assess the causes of arrest, the prognosis, and any direct and indirect complications dependent on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) maneuvers. The aim of our review is to evaluate the increasingly important role of the transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram in the CA phase and especially post-arrest, analyzing the data already present in the literature.
Clinical Significance of Whole-Body Computed Tomography Scans in Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Without Prehospital Return of Spontaneous Circulation
Authors: Ishida Masanori , Tanaka Taro , Morichi Shinichiro , Uesugi Hirotaka , Nakazawa Haruka , Watanabe Shun , Nakai Motoki , Yamanaka Gaku , Homma Hiroshi , Saito and Kazuhiro
Published: September 2024

Background: Whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) is commonly employed for primary screening in pediatric patients experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) without prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). This study aimed to evaluate the cause of OHCA on WBCT and compare WBCT findings between ROSC and non-ROSC groups in non-traumatic pediatric OHCA cases in an emergency department (ED) setting. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 27 pediatric patients (mean age: 32.4 months; median age: 10 months) who experienced non-traumatic OHCA without prehospital ROSC and were transported to our tertiary care hospital between January 2013 and December 2023. WBCT scans were performed to investigate the cause of OHCA, with recorded findings in the head, chest, abdomen, and subcutaneous tissues. Results: In all cases, the direct causes of OHCA were undetermined, and WBCT identified no fatal findings. Statistical comparisons of CT findings between the ROSC and non-ROSC groups revealed significant differences. The non-ROSC group had a higher incidence of brain swelling, loss of cerebral gray-white matter differentiation, symmetrical lung consolidation/ground-glass opacity, cardiomegaly, hyperdense aortic walls, narrowed aorta, gas in the mediastinum, and hepatomegaly compared to the ROSC group. Conclusions: Although WBCT did not provide the direct cause of OHCA, it clarified several indicative findings for non-ROSC. These imaging findings could support clinical decision-making, offering objective criteria for discontinuing resuscitation in pediatric OHCA cases where prehospital ROSC is absent.