bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approach of the annual erosivity in North Chile
Authors: Saez Bastian , Baecheler Jose Vargas , Gutierrez-Lopez Alfonso
Published: October 2021

The Norte Grande of Chile (17°S-29°S) features arid regions, where
rainfall is generally convective with high spatial and temporal
variability, which is the cause of floods with large amounts of
sediments due to water erosion. The most relevant factor in erosive
processes in arid regions is erosivity, which can be quantified by the
RUSLE R-factor, but precipitation data are required every 30 minutes,
however, these records are limited. The ones that are available are not
enough to characterize it spatially. Consequently, the objective of this
study is to evaluate regression models of the annual erosivity using
rainfall aggressiveness indices as an explanatory variable, with the aim
of analyzing the spatial behavior of erosion. Correlations were made
between the maximum intensity in 30 minutes (I30) to the maximum
intensity in one hour (I60), which were useful for calculating the
R-factor for stations with hourly data by applying a correction factor
to I60 determined by the correlations. Four regression models were
established for each of the six aggressiveness indices and a
relationship was selected through validation, using stations with few
years of continuous recording. The selected equation allowed generating
103 spatially distributed erositivy-values, which served to make a
subsequent co-kriging, in order to make a spatial analysis of rainfall
erosivity. Results showed that there are under-estimations of I30,
however, they are considered acceptable due to the efficiency obtained
(Nash-Sutcliffe = 0.787). The calculated R-factor data-points allowed
selection of the best-fit potential equation, which uses the mean annual
rainfall as a predictor
Implications of the Unexpected Persistance of Human Rhinovirus/Enterovirus during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada
Authors: Champredon David , Bancej Christina , Lee Liza , Buckrell Steven
Published: October 2021

Stringent public health measures imposed across Canada to control the
COVID-19 pandemic have nearly suppressed most seasonal respiratory
viruses, with the notable exception of human rhinovirus/enterovirus
(hRV/EV). Thanks to this unexpected persistence, we highlight that
hRV/EV could serve as a sentinel for levels of contact rate in
populations to inform on the efficiency¬, or the need of, public health
measures to control the subsequent COVID-19 epidemic, but also for
future epidemics from other seasonal or emerging respiratory pathogens.
On network suppression of multidrug-resistant pathogen spread
Authors: Piotrowska Monika , Puchalska Aleksandra , Sakowski Konrad
Published: October 2021

In the paper we present a system of SIS type equations coupled by
impulses at fixed times that describe the transfer of patients in the
healthcare system represented by a graph of healthcare facilities and
corresponding communities. The first aim for this considerations is to
provide rigorous mathematical analysis of a general theoretical model,
which is then used to model transmission of hospital acquired
multidrug-resistant bacteria infections based on real patient hospital
records provided by German insurance company – AOK Lower Saxony.
Starting from the existence and the asymptotic behaviour, together with
specification of parameter R, we propose
sufficient conditions guaranteeing network suppression of infection.
Furthermore, conditions derived analytically and proposed numerical
procedure are used to indicate healthcare facilities that are most prone
to the high prevalence bacteria spread in the healthcare system and to
ensure the stability of disease-free steady state of the system.
Release and distribution changes of phosphorus in three alkaline sandy soils as a function of bone char applications
Authors: Amin Abu El-Eyuoon Abu Zied
Published: October 2021

An incubation experiment was carried out to assess bone char application
on the availability and distribution of phosphorus in agricultural
alkaline sandy soils. Three alkaline agricultural sandy soils in Upper
Egypt have been collected from Arab El-Awamer at Assiut governorate,
West El-Minia at El-Minia governorate, and New Valley Governorate. 100
grams were taken from each soil under study and placed in a plastic jar.
The bone char is applied at level 0.4 g jar-1 into these soils. This
experiment was incubated at 23 ºC in the dark for periods of 7, 16, 35,
65, and 84 days and arranged in a completely randomized design with
three replicates. The results revealed that bone char applications to
the soils resulted in a significant positive increase in the
availability of phosphorus affected by the soil type and incubation
periods in Arab El-Awamer soil. The percentage of increase in available
phosphorous after adding bone char compared to before incubation was as
follows: Arab El-Awamer soil ˃New Valley soil ˃West El-Minia soil. The
available phosphorous was negatively correlated with electrical
conductivity (r=-0.288*), soluble calcium (r=-0.306*), and soluble
sulfate (r=-0.413*). The concentrations of NH4Cl-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi,
HCl-Pi, residual-P fractions increased significantly in some soil types
with applying bone char. The concentrations of available phosphorous in
all soils under study were positively correlated with all phosphorus
fractions. We conclude that bone char applications into P-poor soil are
important to potentially enhance phosphorus availability. Bone char is
considered a promising strategy in sustainable agriculture.
Pain Related Functional Limitations of Persons Injured in Car Accidents
Authors: Mann Stephan C. , Velamoor Varadaraj R. , Litman Larry C. , Cernovsky Zack Z.
Published: October 2021

Background: In medical psychology, the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) allows for a separate assessment of pain intensity (scales of worst, least, and average pain) and of daily functional limitations due to pain (impairments of mood, ability to walk, work, interpersonal relations, sleep, and enjoyment of life). The present study evaluates the convergent validity of BPI’s measure of such functional limitations by calculating its correlations to other relevant clinical measures of psychological impairments caused by motor vehicle accidents (MVAs).

Method: De-identified archival data were available on 50 persons injured in MVAs (age 20 to 86 years, mean=42.1 years, SD=16.4; 23 males, 27 females). Their MVA occurred 11 to 280 weeks prior to psychological testing with the BPI (average time lapse 73.3 weeks, SD=53.8). All patients were still experiencing active post-MVA symptoms requiring medical attention and therapy. With respect to convergent validity, we examined Pearson correlations of the BPI to the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Scale, Subjective Neuropsychological Symptoms Scale (SNPSS), and to measures of depression, anger, and anxiety (Items 10 to 12 of the Whiplash Disability Questionnaire).

Results: Functional interference of pain with daily activities (sum of BPI Items 9B to 9G) correlated significantly at p<0.05, 2-tailed with Rivermead post-concussion scores (r=0.39), post-MVA subjective neuropsychological symptoms (r=0.45), insomnia scores (r=0.41), and ratings of depression (r=0.52), anger (r=0.46), and anxiety (r=0.44). When the sum of BPI ratings of worst, least, and average pain was added to the functional interference/limitations score, then this sum of 9 BPI items correlated significantly at p<0.05, 2-tailed with Rivermead post-concussion scores (r=0.36), post-MVA subjective neuropsychological symptoms (r=0.46), insomnia scores (r=0.37), and ratings of depression (r=0.53), anger (r=0.50), and anxiety (r=0.40).

Discussion and Conclusion: The results lend support to convergent validity of the BPI when applied to persons injured in vehicular accidents.
Beneficial Role of Platelet –Rich Plasma (PRP) combined with Glass Wool Filtration for Best Recovery of Spermatozoa in Infertile Men
Authors: Abduljabar Watfaa A. , Mossa Hayder A. L. , Abood Muayad S.
Published: October 2021

Background: Platelet –Rich Plasma (PRP) is a novel therapeutic agent used in multiple medical fields and one of these fields is the reproduction for best spermatozoa preparation and activation for upgrading activity and motility of the spermatozoa and filtered with glass wool filtration to eliminate any round cells and leukocytes from the sample.

Objectives: The aim of this research is to study some sperm characteristics in two groups, the normozoospermic infertile men and th asthenozoospermic infertile group before and after activation with Glass wool Filtration and PRP and compare between both.

Patients and Methods: In this study 60 infertile men were enrolled and divided into 2 groups,15 normozoospermic infertile men, and 45 ashenozoospermic infertile men during their attendance to the Infertility Clinic in High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies Al-Nahrain University. The collected semen samples, and seminal fluid analysis were assessed, each semen sample was divided into 3 tubes and labelled as the 1st tube which was before activation, the 2nd tube was after glass wool filtration activation technique and the 3rd tube was for semen activated by adding PRP to the medium used for glass wool filtration activation.

Results: Both techniques showed increased and improved sperm motility, but the PRP was superior to the glass wool alone in upgrading Sperm Grade A Motility %, Sperm Grade B Motility % and decreasing Sperm Grade C Motility %, and Sperm Grade D Motility (Immotile Sperm).

Conclusion: The PRP was significantly effective in improving the sperm activity and upgrading sperm motility more than Glass Wool Filtration technique.
Neurosyphilis Presenting with Optic Neuritis
Authors: Arvinth R. , Mimiwati Z. , Reddy S. C.
Published: October 2021

The incidence of syphilis has greatly reduced in the severity of affected individuals due to the early treatment with antibiotics. However, due to the increase in the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, it has also caused a concurrent rise in the number of neurosyphilis patients. Most common ocular manifestations include uveitis, interstitial keratitis, and vasculitis. A healthy 28-years old man presented with a progressive blurring of vision in the right eye for one month. It was his second episode. The first episode occurred 4 months back which resolved spontaneously without treatment. Vision in the right eye was 6/18. The pupil was dilated and the relative afferent pupillary defect was positive. Fundus examination showed a hyperemic swollen right optic disc with blurred margins and no macular fan or star. Vision, anterior segment, and fundus were normal in the left eye. After the investigations, he was diagnosed as a case of neurosyphilis with optic neuritis. He was treated with intravenous penicillin for two weeks followed by oral penicillin for three weeks. Vision in the right eye improved to 6/6; the optic disc swelling resolved with clear margins. He maintained good vision during the follow-up of six months. Early referral to an ophthalmologist upon suspicion of syphilis, detailed evaluation, and immediate treatment is mandatory to prevent permanent vision loss in these patients.
Is the Algorithm of Artificial Neural Network a Deduction or Induction? Discussion between Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Philosophy
Authors: Lin Jyh-Woei
Published: October 2021

The algorithm of artificial neural network (ANN) has been defined as a supervised learning and heuristic algorithms. In training an ANN model, big data is necessary to use as training data to obtain perfectly accurate predicted data. However, big data really have no clear definition. Therefore, adding new training data to re-train an ANN model, by which can improve the predicted accuracy. This action of re-training this ANN model with added new training data is repeated to approach the laws of physics that is accessed to the principle of induction e.g., empirical formulas. However, accessing the principle of induction is limited. If the deduction is found using an ANN model, then approach of this ANN model with added new training data is also performed repeatedly to access the principle of deduction e.g., theory formulas. However, accessing the principle of deduction is also limited. It means the law cannot be easily deduced for an ANN model. Therefore, the algorithm of an ANN is not the canonical classical methods. On the other hand, the algorithm of an ANN does not belong to mathematical induction and deduction.
Evaluation of the Level of Biosecurity Measures Adopted in Broiler Farms Based on Manure Bacterial Load Examination in Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Babiker Ahmed Mona Ahmed , Abdelgadir Atif Elamin , Ismail Hayfa Mohammed
Published: October 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the level of adopted biosecurity measures in broiler farms based on manure bacterial load examination in Khartoum State, Sudan. To achieve the goal, a cross sectional study was conducted. Data and manure samples were collected from January to September 2018 from 12 close system broiler farms according to Non-probability Multistage Cluster Sampling Method in Khartoum, Khartoum North (Bahri), and Omdurman localities (4 for each). A standardized questionnaire was also conducted and used for data collection. A total of 12 manure samples were collected from one chosen broiler house in each farm to check the TVCs. All collected Data were subjected to descriptive and analytical statistic such as Chi square and ANOVA using SPSS. The Results of external biosecurity measures revealed that half of the total farms examined (50%) were at a distance between 500 m to 1km from the nearest poultry farm. The same percentage was obtained for no manure spreading from neighboring farms. However, frequent passage of other farms vehicles via near public road was reported in 50% of participating farms. The internal biosecurity results showed that all the examined farms (100%) prohibiting manure storage beside 75.0% of them remove the manure through the dirty area. Furthermore, workers protective wearing when contact waste and hygiene practicing after removing waste sometimes practiced by 75.0% of the participant farms. The mean of bacterial TVCs in manure samples was found below the cut-off level (6.01±0.78 cfu/g) with 95% confidence intervals of 4.48-7.37, 5.20-6.79, and 4.39-7.84 and mean TVC of 5.93±0.90, 6.00±0.50, and 6.11±1.08 cfu/g for Khartoum, Khartoum North, and Omdorman, respectively. No significant difference was obtained for log means of bacterial TVCs and farm location (F value=0.047 and P-value=0.955). In conclusion, despite that the bacterial counts in manure samples were below the cut-off level, poor hygienic practices were detected. Formulation of suitable procedures and regulations by official authorities for implementing biosecurity measures is recommended.
Nature through God’s Eyes: Eco-theological Perspectives in Paul Schrader’s First Reformed
Authors: Jelangdeka Kresentia Madina , Kristianto Bayu
Published: October 2021

Environmental crisis is one of the major issues that humankind is facing today. The crisis can be discussed through a Christian perspective, as the relationship between Christianity and environment has been long discussed for its complexities. Eco-theology is one of the ways for Christianity to bridge its teaching to the environmental crisis. First Reformed, a 2017 film directed by Paul Schrader, is one of the films depicting the interplay between Christianity and environmentalism. This paper examines how First Reformed portrays the process of reconciling Christianity and environmentalism. Using Jürgen Moltmann’s eco-theological concept and Kierkegaard’s concept of despair, this article discovers that while First Reformed demonstrates the ways Christianity could be both an ally and an enemy of environmentalism, the film’s final message leans more towards the way the church can respond to the crisis through embracing insights and values beyond Christianity’s core doctrine that are more in line with environmental concerns, such as seeing nature as a female figure and the idea of harmony illustrated through a yin-yang symbolism.
Deconstructing Feminist Positions in Unigwe’s “Possessing The Secret Of Joy” and Aidoo’s “The Girl Who Can”
Authors: Sanka Confidence Gbolo , Arthur Peter , Abla Samuelis Gracious
Published: October 2021

For many years, African women have been blaming men for the inferior position of the female gender in African societies. In this blame game, the patriarchal and cultural stipulations of societies are not left out since they present the male gender as superior. This observation is emphasised by the myriads of texts on feminism which largely present discourses that highlight the roles of the male gender and patriarchy in perpetuating female otherness. In doing so, the females are portrayed as mere victims who do not play any active roles in this ordeal and are therefore exonerated from blame. This notwithstanding, a close study of events in patriarchal societies and the evolving contemporary current of thought in feminist domains questions the portrayal of women as helpless victims of patriarchy. By using the theories of feminism and deconstruction and by focusing on the themes and language of the stories, this paper seeks to unearth some patterns in Unigwe’s “Possessing the Secret of Joy” and Aidoo’s “The Girl Who Can” which speak to the involvement of women as agents of patriarchy. It also argues that some of the time too, men can be victims or subjugates of patriarchy in the African context. The paper concludes that the fight against patriarchy remains the lot of both genders and not in the blame game.
Covid-19 #Takeresponsibility: A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Select NCDC’s Online Public Health Advertising Campaign
Authors: Aragbuwa Adetutu , Adejumo Victor O.
Published: October 2021

This article examines the Nigerian Center for Disease Control’s (henceforth, NCDC) Covid-19 #TakeResponsibility online public health advertising campaign. This is with a view to exploring how the representational, interactive and compositional resources are realized in these advertising visuals as well as their communicative functions. Forty purposively selected data samples, which were subjected to qualitative analysis, are examined from a multimodal discourse analytical approach. The analysis reveals that the narrative, transactive, action, offer, and the frontal resources, among others, are realized in the adverts. These resources interactively perform the directive, informative, reinforcing, preventive, cautionary and collective functions. Thus, the representational, interactive and compositional resources deployed in the NCDC’s Covid-19 #TakeResponsibility online visuals discursively cohere as multimodal public health campaign strategies geared towards sensitizing the Nigerian populace on the safety guidelines to adhere to in containing the spread of Covid-19 in Nigeria.
Diphthongized Monophthongs of Acehnese Oral Vowels in Samatiga Dialect
Authors: Masykar Tanzir , Nurrahmi Febri , Al Mulhim Abdullah
Published: October 2021

Diphthong has been reported as the character of old Acehnese, which is now eroded in some words of modern Acehnese. However, some dialects, such as Daya and Pidie, still retain certain diphthongs in certain Acehnese words. Samatiga dialect is one of the dialects in Aceh Barat. People in Aceh Barat has commonly marked this dialect as producing certain vowel as diphthong similar to those in Teunom and Daya. Thus, the current study aims to explore the diphthongization of certain monophthong in Acehnese words by the people in Samatiga. Specifically, it aims to learn the monophthongs often diphthongized in this dialect, the position in which the diphthong occurs, and the movement trajectory of the diphthong. Two language consultants are consulted to explore their diphthongization, and two other Acehnes are discussed to determine their diphthongization. Their production is recorded using a high-quality recorder and analyzed in Praat to obtains its formants data. The findings indicate that not all monophthongs are produced as diphthongs in Samatiga dialect. Samatiga dialect replaces vowel /ɛ/and /ɔ/ with diphthong /ai/ and /au/. The diphthong /au/ seems to be unique to Samatiga dialect since previous studies did not mention Acehnese diphthong ending in /u/. The diphthongization only occurs when it comes in the word final and open syllable. The diphthong /au/trajectory movement is greater than /ai/, indicating the former, not the initial may experience transformation into monophthong like other major dialects in Aceh.
Oppression towards Women as Depicted in Marge Piercy’s Selected Poems
Authors: Nirwinastu Diksita Galuh
Published: October 2021

This present study would like to examine how women are oppressed by the patriarchal society in the selected poems written by one of the contemporary American female writers, Marge Piercy. Marge Piercy is particularly known as a female writer as well as a feminist activist. She has written numerous works, including novels and poetry books, which explore issues about women. Piercy’s poems are mostly known to be simple and vivid.  Observing the use of figurative language and the diction in Piercy’s selected poems, entitled “A Work of Artifice” and  “Barbie Doll”, in the light of feminist criticism,  this article would like to show how oppression is done towards women and how it results in the silencing, shaping, and subordinating of women. In the poems, the oppression is mostly operated subtly and systematically through various cultural institutions, such as education, family, and media. Women, as a result, are trained to believe in the voice of the patriarchal society and to behave following what the patriarchal society demands. The long-practiced oppression has hindered women to develop to their fullest as human beings. The poems can be read as a medium to voice women’s experiences and to criticize the established patriarchal system and its oppression towards women.
Bütün ve Parça Meyvelerden Üretilen Kamkat Reçellerinin Fizikokimyasal ve Fitokimyasal Özellikleri
Authors: YILDIZ TURGUT Demet , TOKGÖZ Haluk , GÖLÜKCÜ Muharrem
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmada bütün meyve ve meyve parçalarından kamkat reçeli üretilmiştir. Reçel üretiminde “Nagami” çeşidine ait (Fortunella margarita Swingle) kamkat meyveleri kullanılmıştır. Reçel prosesinde geleneksel üretim tekniği kullanılmıştır. Reçeller toplam kuru madde, suda çözünür kuru madde, pH, titrasyon asitliği, su aktivitesi, renk özellikleri, toplam fenolik madde miktarı, toplam flavonoid miktarı, askorbik asit içerikleri, şeker, organik asit bileşenleri ve antioksidan aktivite [2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) radikali süpürme aktivitesi ve oksijen radikali absorbans kapasitesi (ORAC)] açısından incelenmiştir. Kamkat reçellerinin toplam kuru madde, suda çözünür kuru madde, su aktivitesi, pH ve titrasyon asitliği değerleri sırasıyla 75.36-76.35 g/100 g, 70.25-70.32°Bx, 0.803-0.809, 3.39-3.43 ve %0.40-0.55 olarak belirlenmiştir. Reçel örneklerinin glukoz, fruktoz, sakkaroz ve toplam şeker içerikleri sırasıyla 20.35-20.61 g/100 g, 28.54-28.56 g/100 g, 20.70-20.75 g/100 g ve 69.64-69.87 g/100 g aralığında değişim göstermiştir. Reçel örneklerinde majör organik asitlerin sitrik (0.15-0.19 g/100 g) ve okzalik (0.08-0.14 g/100 g) asit olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak en yüksek toplam fenolik madde (87.79 mg GAE/ 100 g), toplam flavonoid (37.71 mg CE/100 g), askorbik asit içeriği (108.33 mg/100 g) ile IC50 ( 630.44 mg/mg) ve ORAC (33.22 µmol TE/g) değerleri bütün meyveden üretilen kamkat reçeli örneğinde tespit edilmiştir.
Muğla İlinde Üretilen Eşek Sütlerinin Cu, Fe, Mn ve Zn Element İçerikleri
Authors: YILDIZ Dilek , KESKİN Feyyaz
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışma kapsamında, Muğla ilinde üretilen eşek sütlerinde Cu, Fe, Mn ve Zn elementlerinin tayini yapıldı. Muğla’da 6 farklı ilçeden emzirme döneminde olduğu tespit edilen eşeklerden, 20 adet eşek sütü örneği toplandı. Toplanan süt örnekleri, mikrodalga çözündürme sistemi ile çözündürüldükten sonra Cu, Fe, Mn ve Zn elementleri Elektrotermal Atomlaştırıcı Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrometresi ile tayin edildi. Eşek sütü örneklerinde elementlerin derişim ortalaması Cu 2.96±0.29 mg/kg, Fe 5.22±0.74 mg/kg, Mn 0.09±0.05 mg/kg ve Zn 16.27±3.35 mg/kg olarak tespit edildi. Her bir element için gözlenebilme sınırı (LOD) ve tayin sınırı (LOQ) değerleri hesaplandı ve yöntemin doğruluğu standart referans malzeme ile (ERM-BD151, yağsız süt tozu) kontrol edildi.
Altın (Gökova) Susamın (Sesamum indicum L.) Bazı Tohum ve Yağ Özellikleri
Authors: ÖZPOLAT Melisa , AKKAYA Murat Reis , BAKAÇHAN Yasemin
Published: October 2021

Geleneksel olarak yüzyıllardır insan beslenmesinde ve hastalıklarda iyileştirici olarak kullanılan susam tohumlarına ve ürünlerine olan talep, beslenme ve sağlık üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılması nedeniyle son yıllarda daha da artmıştır. Bu çalışmada neredeyse tamamı ihraç olan Altın (Gökova) Susamın bazı tohum ve yağ özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Susam tohumlarının bin dane ağırlığı 3.40 g, ham protein oranı %20.24, ham yağ oranı ise %50.05 olarak bulunmuştur. Tohum renk analizi değerlerinden L*, a*, b*, c* ve h ortalamaları sırasıyla; 55.78, 10.35, 29.88, 31.62 ve 70.89 olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplam antioksidan kapasitesi 1405.53 mg trolox eşdeğeri/100g olarak belirlenirken, toplam fenolik madde içeriği ise 483.34 mg gallik asit eşdeğeri/100g olarak bulunmuştur. Susam numunelerinin yağlarında yapılan analizler sonucunda ise; palmitik asit oranı %9.45, oleik asit oranı %40.46, linoleik asit oranı %42.57 ve stearik asit oranı %4.96 olarak belirlenmiştir. Susam lignanlarından sesamol, sesamin ve sesamolin içerikleri ise sırasıyla 0.076 µg/g yağ, 12.278 mg/g yağ, 0.906 mg/g yağ olarak bulunmuştur. Susam tohum yağlarında ortalama α-tokoferol 1.57 µg/g, α-tokotrienol 1.22 µg/g, γ-tokoferol 47.59 µg/g, toplam tokoferol ise 49.17 µg/g olarak belirlenmiştir. Susam yağı renk analizi değerlerinden L*, a*, b*, c* ve h sırasıyla; 93.34, -1.57, 30.37, 30.41 ve 92.99 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kırılma indisi (20°C), iyot sayısı, sabunlaşma sayısı, serbest yağ asidi, ve sabunlaşmayan madde değerleri ise sırasıyla; 1.47, 107.86, 186.4 mgKOH /g yağ, %0.82 ve 1.74 g/kg olarak bulunmuştur. Altın (Gökova) Susam numunelerinde belirlenen kalite kriterlerinin literatür verilerine uygun olduğu ve çoğunlukla daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği belirlenmiştir.
Avokado: Bileşimi ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: DEMİRCAN Bahar , VELİOĞLU Yakup Sedat
Published: October 2021

Tarihte birçok farklı isimle anılan avokado (Persea americana Mill), Amerika'dan gelen tropikal bir meyvedir. En büyük üreticisi Meksika olup günümüzde birçok farklı ülkede üretimi yapılmaktadır. Ülkemizdeki avokado üretimi de hızla artmaktadır ve üretim son 19 yılda 14 kat artarak 2019 yılında 4209 tona ulaşmıştır. Yüksek besin içeriği ve sağlığa yararlı etkilerinin yanı sıra tıbbi amaçlar için de yetiştirilen bu meyve birçok araştırmacının odak noktası olmuştur. Avokado yapısında yüksek düzeyde (ortalama %15) yağ içeren nadir meyvelerden biridir ve yağın bileşimi zeytinyağı ile büyük benzerlik göstermektedir. Bunun yanında, meyve, farklı yağ asitleri, vitaminler, mineraller, karotenoidler ve diğer fitokimyasallar gibi temel besinler açısından oldukça zengin bir bileşime sahiptir. Yapılan araştırmalarda, avokadonun yapısında bulunan biyoaktif bileşiklerin antimikrobiyal, antiinflamatuvar, antikanser, antidiyabetik ve antihipertansif gibi sağlığa yararlı etkileri olduğu ve özellikle kolesterolü düşürmede ve kardiyovasküler hastalıkları önlemede avokado tüketiminin önemli olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Tüm bu yararlı etkileri nedeniyle avokadonun son 10 yılda üretimi ve günlük diyette tüketimi önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Bu derlemede avokadonun tarihçesi, çeşitleri, üretimi, bileşimi ve içerdiği biyoaktif bileşenlerin sağlığa etkileri ele alınmıştır.
Biyofilm Yapısı ve Önlenmesi
Authors: KARTAL Mehmet Onur , BARAN EKİNCİ Melike , POYRAZ Büşra
Published: October 2021

Bakteri, maya, küf ve mavi yeşil algler tarafından salgılanan EPS (ekzopolisakkarit veya ekstraselüler polimerik madde), proteinler, eDNA (extracellular DNA, hücre dışı DNA), çeşitli enzimler ve mikroorganizmanın kendisini içeren kompleks yapıdaki matrikse “biyofilm” denir. Biyofilm mikroorganizmaların kendini başta zorlu veya toksik koşullardan korumakta, ortamlarda mikrobiyal rekabet gücünü artırmakta ve bazı hücresel çeşitli işlevlerde de kullanılmaktadır. Biyofilmler, ekolojik olarak koruyucu ve işlevseldir. Endüstride (gıda, tekstil, kağıt ve madencilik gibi), atıkların biyoremediasyonunda kullanılmak üzere farklı bakteri türlerinden oluşan biyofilmlerden yararlanılmaktadır. Ayrıca mikrobiyal enerji üretiminde ve biyogübre üretiminde kullanılan biyofilmler bulunmaktadır. İnsan bağırsağına tutunan bakterilerin oluşturduğu biyofilmler ise gıda kaynaklı patojen mikroorganizmalara karşı koruyucu olarak görev almaktadır. Ancak biyofilm, dişlerde plak oluşumu ve doku enfeksiyonlarının başlıca kaynağıdır. Ayrıca gıda endüstrisinde de çeşitli sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Özellikle çelik yüzeylerde, boruların iç yüzeylerinde, kullanılan yardımcı alet ve ekipmanlarda gelişerek gıdalarda kirlilik, patojenite ve bozulmaya neden olmaktadır. Bu durum ciddi ekonomik kayıplara da yol açmaktadır. Bu yüzden gıda endüstrisinde biyofilm oluşumunun başlangıç aşamasında engellenmesi ya da oluşan biyofilm yapısının ortadan kaldırılması gerekmektedir. Biyofilm yapılarının iyi bilinmesi bu yapıların engellenmesinde kullanılacak yöntemlerin uygulanmasında kolaylık sağlamaktadır. Bu derlemede, biyofilm tanımı, gıda ve diğer bazı alanlarda biyofilm oluşumu ve önlenmesi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.
Impact of Grid Gas Requirements on Hydrogen Blending Levels
Authors: Latõšov Eduard , Pakere Ieva , Murauskaite Lina , Volkova Anna
Published: October 2021

The aim of the article is to determine what amount of hydrogen in %mol can be transferred/stored in the Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian grid gas networks, based on the limitations of chemical and physical requirements, technical requirements of the gas network, and quality requirements. The main characteristics for the analysis of mixtures of hydrogen and natural gas are the Wobbe Index, relative density, methane number, and calorific value. The calculation of the effects of hydrogen blending on the above main characteristics of a real grid gas is based on the principles described in ISO 6976:2016 and the distribution of the grid gas mole fraction components from the grid gas quality reports. The Wärtsila methane number calculator was used to illustrate the effects of hydrogen blending on the methane number of the grid gas. The calculation results show that the maximum hydrogen content in the grid gas (hydrogen and natural gas mix), depending on the grid gas quality parameters (methane number, gross heat of combustion, specific gravity, and the Wobbe Index), is in the range of 5–23 %mol H2. The minimum hydrogen content (5 %mol H2) is limited by specific gravity (>0.55). The next limitation is at 12 %mol H2 and is related to the gross heat of combustion (>9.69 kWh/m3). It is advisable to explore the readiness of gas grids and consumers in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania before switching to higher hydrogen blend levels. If the applicability and safety of hydrogen blends above 5 %mol is approved, then it is necessary to analyse the possible reduction of the minimum requirements for the quality of the grid gas and evaluate the associated risks (primarily related to specific gravity).
Family Values in South Korean Society: Marital and Sexual Values in Gender, Age, and Protestantism Contexts
Authors:   Department of Sociology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, Kim Jongwoo , Joo Susanna ,   BK21 Symbiotic Society and Design, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, Lee Kayeon ,   Department of Child and Family, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, Jun Heyjung ,   Department of Child and Family/Human Life Innovation Design, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine differences in marital and sexual values according to gender, age, and Protestantism contexts using the 2012 and 2018 Korea General Social Surveys. Samples for marital values were from the 2012 survey (N=797 adults aged 20 and over), and those for sexual values were from the 2018 survey (N=550 adults aged 20 and over). There were four domains in marital values (happiness, child, cohabitation, and divorce) and three domains in sexual values (premarital intercourse, extramarital intercourse, and same-sex intercourse). We applied ANCOVA and post hoc analysis to examine the differences in each domain via gender, age, and Protestantism contexts. Results on marital values did not show significant interactions between gender, age group, and Protestantism contexts, while age differences were consistently significant in all domains of marital values. In results about sexual values, there were significant interactions between gender, age, and Protestantism contexts in all domains of sexual values. The findings of this study may promote an understanding of the dynamics and diversity of Korean contexts on marital and sexual values.
Hispanic Toponymy of Equatorial Guinea: Structural and Semantic Aspect
Authors: Martynenko I. A.
Published: October 2021

Equatorial Guinea is the only Spanish speaking country on the African continent with Spanish being one of the official languages. The linguistic situation in the region has been closely studied by Russian and foreign linguists, however, toponymy as a whole linguistic layer has never been covered in numerous works on the functioning of the Spanish language in this state. The article presents the first attempt at a linguistic description of the Hispanic place names of Equatorial Guinea. By means of modern electronic systems, Hispanic geographical names of the region have been identified and structured. Along with indicating the historical prerequisites for the formation of toponyms of this type in this African state, the author pays attention to the linguistic situation in the country. Since gaining independence in 1968, the country’s domestic policy has largely focused on returning to African roots and replacing in the 1970s colo-nial geonames by African geonames at the expense of the so-called “authenticity” campaign. However, despite such renaming and the end of the era of Spanish political dominance in the region, the toponymic corpus of Equatorial Guinea in the 2020s contains a large number of Hispanic names, often showing linguistic contacts as blended names with elements from the languages of local African tribes. Calculating the percentage of Spanish toponominations from the total number of geographical units of the region, the author characterizes from a linguopragmatic point of view lo-cal hydronyms, oronyms, insulonyms, limnonyms and other units, both at the macro and micro levels. Numerous examples are given for each of the identified groups. It is noted that descriptive toponyms with a Spanish component, contrary to the tendency common for Spanish conquerors in other regions of the world, is not the most numerous group in Equatorial Guinea. Assumptions are made regarding the etymology of some units. The article contributes to toponymic research in the region and is the first step towards the creation of a toponymic dictionary for Equatorial Guinea.
A New Approach to Automatic Detection and Correction of Derivational Errors in L2 Russian
Authors: Vyrenkova A. S. , Smirnov I. Yu.
Published: October 2021

Learner corpora serve as one of the most valuable sources of statistical data on learners' errors. For instance, data from foreign-language learners’ corpora can be used for the Second Language Acquisition research. However, corpora representativity strongly depends on the quality of its error markup, which is most frequently carried out manually and thus presents a time-consuming and painstaking routine for the annotators. To make annotation process easier, additional tools, such as spellcheckers, are usually used. This paper focuses on developing a program for automatic correction of derivational errors made by learners of Russian as a foreign language. Derivational errors, which are not common for adult Russian native speakers (L1), but occur quite often in written texts or speech of Russian as foreign language learners (L2) [Chernigovskaya, Gor, 2000], were chosen as scope of our research because correction of such mistakes presents a formidable challenge for existing spellcheckers. Using the data from the Russian Learner Corpus (http://www.web-corpora.net/RLC/), we tested two already existing approaches to solve such kind of problems. The first one is based on a finite state automaton principle developed by Dickinson and Herring 2008, and it was test-ed as algorithm for derivational errors detection. The second one which relies on the Noisy Channel model by Brill and Moore, 2000, was used for studying errors correction. After we analyzed effectiveness of these tests, we developed our own system for autocorrection of derivational errors. In our program the algorithm of Dickinson and Herring was used as word-formation error detection module. The Noisy Channel model has been rejected, and we decided to use instead the Continuous Bag of Words FastText model, based on Harris distributional semantics theory [1954]. In addition, filtering rules have been developed for correcting frequent errors that the model is unable to handle. To restore automatically the correct grammatical word form, dictionary of word paradigms is used. Model results were validated on the data of Russian Learner Corpus.
Image of Motherland in Russian and Japanese Linguocultures
Authors: Palkin A. D.
Published: October 2021

The images of motherland in Russian and Japanese linguocultures are juxtaposed on the basis of association experiments. Russian culture is analyzed along two samplings – that of the early 1990s and that of the early 21st century. In order to compare their data, relevant associative fields were first split into four major semantic components, namely: logical perception, moral and ethic perception, bodily perception, and emotional perception. It was demonstrated that in both linguocultures the image of motherland was perceived in large part positively. It was evidenced once again that Russians of both periods tended to epitomize individualism, while the Japanese were obviously collectivist. Predictably, the worldviews of Russian respondents of both time periods saw much more congruence than the worldviews of Russians (from both samplings) and the Japanese. Meanwhile, post-perestroika Russians weren’t inclined to reflect over the image of their motherland or critisize it which is most noticeably evidenced by the percent-age of data pertaining to components of the associative fields under study related to bodily perception. The reason for such a reflection fatigue lay highly likely in the cultural shock provoked by the collapse of the Soviet Union and ac-companied by the discredit of its public ideology. Such an attitude was not registered in 21st century Russians and the Japanese. Love for the wild nature of their respective countries is a characteristic feature mostly of the 1990s Russians and the Japanese, but not salient in the 21st century Russians who expressed it to a lesser extent.
Authority-Based Strategy of (De)legitimization in American Electoral Discourse: A Case Study
Authors: Kameneva V. A. , Potapova N. V.
Published: October 2021

The paper presents an analysis of (de)legitimization in American pre-election discourse based on the tactics of appealing to “authorities”, any entity, person or value which continue to retain confidence, have credibility or are otherwise entitled to authority in the society and family. Sixty 2020 election campaign speeches of U.S. presidential candidate Joe Biden and U.S. vice-presidential candidate Kamala Harris were the material of this case study. Our research approach is based on theoretical and methodological findings of linguopersonology and political linguistics. The main methods used are those of intent, semantic and stylistic analysis. The purpose was to identify, describe and categorize the authorities cited by the two politicians during their campaign and to correlate them to voters’ aspirations in the cities and states involved. The analysis of relevant contexts revealed that the choice of authorities is primarily guided by the expectations of target groups of voters to whom the campaign speech is addressed. For this reason, the pre-election discourse of the politicians under study includes the authorities which are important for different target groups of voters addressed all over the country. The study of the American pre-election discourse yields a general classification of authorities to which both politicians are appealing; it includes famous politicians, public figures, renowned experts, scientists, outstanding representatives of the culture and art. The politicians may also appeal to the authority of the speaker himself, their parents (mom, dad); edifying example of ordinary people (not celebrities); authority of high positions; authority of institutions and bodies; authority of universal values; authority of different kinds of texts (reports, laws, Scriptures), and sometimes authority of some mass media sources. The multiplicity of the authorities represented in our classification is explained in the paper as a logical consequence of addresser-addressee interaction. It also reeals the important role of the politician’s personality to appeal at a rally to “authorities” that might in his opinion be attractive for his specific audience. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the linguistic features of the appeal-to-authority tactics.
SETTING RUANG TERBUKA DI KAWASAN WATERFRONT CITY PONTIANAK TANGGAP PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Aprilla Hastika Tri , Nurhamsyah Muhammad , Gultom Bontor Jumaylinda BR
Published: October 2021

This research is based on the importance of open space for a city and the people in it as well as the covid-19 pandemic that happened. The covid-19 pandemic has established boundaries to prevent its spread. Things to avoid include physical contact, gathering in large numbers, and so on. Pontianak City has an open space located on the edge border of the Kapuas River, namely Waterfront City Pontianak. Waterfront City Pontianak is still crowded even though the covid-19 pandemic is happening. The number of visitors is a concern because it can become a field for the spread of the covid-19 pandemic. Based on the issues and phenomena that occurred, it was deemed necessary to have an open space setting in the Pontianak Waterfront City area that was responsive to the covid-19 pandemic. This research is related to human behavior and space, so the method that used is behavior mapping method with the type of place centered mapping. The place centered mapping method is supported by distributing questionnaires. The next thing to do is review the covid-19 health protocol, which has been determined by the Ministry of Health (Kemenkes). The results of the study show that the Waterfront City Pontianak setting has not responded to the covid-19 pandemic. Things that need to be improved or added include adding distance markers on the floor, changing the design of existing seating facilities and plant pots, providing covid-19 health post facilities, as well as providing hand washing facilities, hand sanitizers and information media for covid-19.
IDENTIFIKASI ELEMEN ARSITEKTUR PADA FASAD BANGUNAN HERITAGE DI KAWASAN PECINAN SINGKAWANG, KALIMANTAN BARAT Studi Kasus: Bangunan Kolonial
Authors: Muna Jamilatul , Kalsum Emilya , Putro Jawas Dwijo
Published: October 2021

Indonesian is a country that is rich in cultural diversity. Culture arises from a tradition and values that a society has over the years and as an important part of their character so that it becomes a legacy to create the next. This inheritance/heirloom is known as heritage.. A historic city/ area usually has a heritage building that becomes the image of an area. Among them is the chinatown area of Singkawang. Heritage buildings in the Singkawang city include colonial heritage buildings. The building has an important value for history, science, culture which deserves to be preserved and controlled so that in addition to learning material for architectural development in the future. The focus is focused on the formulation of architectural elemens on the facades of heritage buildings in Chinatown of Singkawang wich are related to the shape of the buildings and their ornaments. This study used a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach in order to describe the heritage buildings in the old city area Singkawang. The data was collected by means of observation, documentation (photographing research objects) and interview. The result of the research states that there are two classifications of heritage buildings in the Chinatown area of Singkawang, namely Chinese buildings and colonial buildings with façade composition of the facades of each heritage building.
PUSAT KOMUNITAS SEPEDA DI KOTA PONTIANAK
Authors: Javiera Elicia , Andi Uray Fery , Purnomo Yudi
Published: October 2021

Bicycle is the sustainable land transport. The background of this design is the cycling trend in Pontianak City has existed since 2000. In 2005 the Bike to Work community was formed and until now more than 20 bicycle communities have been formed in Pontianak City. Members of the cycling community need a place to gather and share their interest in cycling, and people need a safe place to play and practice cycling. This design is in line with the commitment of the Pontianak City Government to realize Pontianak City as a bicycle-friendly city. The main purpose is to provide an interactive, flexible, and combine meeting point with the shape of bicycle wheels as part of the design. The design used the Whitaker design method, which consists of the introduction stage, definition stage, preparation stage, analysis stage, synthesis stage, evaluation stage, and re-evaluation stage. The main concept is to create eight bicycle community clusters that are integrated with commercial, recreational, and educational areas to meet the needs and lifestyles of cyclists. This design produces a plaza area with an arrangement of eight bicycle clusters that are centralized and integrated with a commercial area, waterfront, food court, and freestyle area with cluster organization.
New Zealand Novel Auē by Becky Manawatu in German Translation
Authors:   , von Stetten Franziska
Published: October 2021

This MA thesis explores a functionalist approach to literary translation of contemporary New Zealand prose fiction through my original German translation of an excerpt from Becky Manawatu’s Auē (2019) and a commentary comprising an analysis of linguistically hybrid features and their translation challenges. The excerpt chosen for translation consists of three and a half chapters to cover all four of the book’s narrative perspectives. I argue that there are three predominant features that give the novel its linguistically hybrid character and challenge the literary translator with their cultural specificity: borrowing and codeswitching into te reo Māori, colloquial speech in dialogues and the four different narrative voices. With a functionalist analysis based on Nord’s skopos theory, I highlight functions and effects of these features and examine why they challenge the German translator. Three specific problems, which arose during the translation process of Auē, further illustrate that a decision between foreignization and domestication tactics is highly dependent on respective functions in the source text and can vary from case to case. Ultimately, the translator needs to aim at a balanced target text that both encourages the readers to engage with the newness of foreign aspects and facilitates access to such aspects where needed. With my translation and commentary, I contribute to the research of cultural specificity in Literary Translation Studies with an example of a balanced German translation and a functional analysis of a contemporary work of New Zealand prose fiction and its linguistically hybrid features.