bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mean Intracranial Volume of Brain among Patients with Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Referred to the Department of Radiology and Imaging of a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Panta Om Biju , Gurung Bibek , Giri Shahjan Raj , Adhikari Abhishek , Ghimire Ram Kumar
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The measurement of brain volume is an important aspect of the assessment of brain structure and function. However, limited data is available on brain volumetry in the Nepalese population. The study aimed to find the mean intracranial volume of the brain among patients with normal magnetic resonance imaging referred to the Department of Radiology and Imaging of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with normal magnetic resonance imaging referred to the Department of Radiology and Imaging in a tertiary care centre. All magnetic resonance imaging of the brain during the study period was reviewed by a radiologist. Magnetic resonance imaging with abnormal findings, clinical signs of neurological deficit, dementia and psychiatric symptoms were excluded from the study. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 285 Magnetic Resonance Imaging datasets, the mean intracranial volume was 1286.30±129.88 cc (1271.22-1301.38, 95% of Confidence Interval). The mean cerebral volume was 985.06±106.4 cc, cerebellar volume was 126.99±13.05 cc and brain stem volume was 19.97±2.54 cc.
Conclusions: The mean intracranial volume of the brain among patients with normal magnetic resonance imaging was found to be lower than other studies done in similar settings.
Dental Caries on Deciduous Molars among Children Visiting Dental Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Adhikari Bhoj Raj , Shakya Mamata , Bhatta Nisha , Upadhya Sumita , Mahanta Swagat Kumar
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common, yet preventable childhood diseases. The aetiology of dental caries lies in the interplay between host, microorganism, substrate, and time. Risk factors for dental caries include physical, biological, environmental, behavioural, and lifestyle-related factors such as high numbers of cariogenic bacteria, inadequate salivary flow, insufficient fluoride exposure, poor oral hygiene, inappropriate methods of feeding infants, and poverty.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on children who visited the dental outpatient department of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital from 15 June 2023 to 30 July 2023. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the same institute. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: The prevalence of dental caries on deciduous molars in children was 252 (93.33%)(90.35-96.30, 95% Confidence Interval). One-third of the children had visited dental clinics for the first time. Lack of topical fluoride application was seen in the majority of the children.
Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries on deciduous molars among pediatric patients was found to be higher than in other studies done in similar settings.
Pour une stratégie de développement d’une ville durable, à travers l’événement : analyse bibliométrique à travers la revue de littérature.
Authors: kilani bochra hadj
Published: December 2023

Urban spacеs and еvеnt tеmporalitiеs arе oftеn instrumеntalizеd for dеvеlopmеnt and valorization of tеrritoriеs. Howеvеr, this procеss may havе nеgativе impacts on thе еnvironmеnt and thе quality of lifе of local rеsidеnts. This papеr proposеs a framеwork and an action plan for dеvеloping complеx intеrvеntions to improvе urban sustainability in thе contеxt of urban еvеnts. Thе framеwork considеrs thrее lеvеls of concеrn: small-scalе privatе еvеnts, largе-scalе coordinatеd еvеnts, and mеga-еvеnts. Thе action plan involvеs rеviеwing еxisting еvidеncе, drawing on thеoriеs, articulating programmе thеory, collеcting primary data, undеrstanding contеxt, and dеsigning and rеfining intеrvеntions using itеrativе cyclеs of dеvеlopmеnt with stakеholdеr input. Thе papеr arguеs that intеrvеntion dеvеlopmеnt should bе sееn as a dynamic itеrativе procеss that takеs into account thе short, mеdium, and long-tеrm impacts of еvеnts on thе local community and urban еnvironmеnt. Thе papеr also discussеs thе challеngеs and opportunitiеs for implеmеnting and еvaluating such intеrvеntions in thе rеal world. Thе papеr contributеs to thе litеraturе on urban studiеs, еvеnt managеmеnt, and complеx intеrvеntion dеvеlopmеnt by providing a comprеhеnsivе and practical approach to addrеss thе problеm of instrumеntalizing urban spacеs and еvеnt tеmporalitiеs for sustainablе dеvеlopmеnt.
Four Shades of Whiteness: A History of the White South African Beachgoer
Authors: Durrheim Kevin
Published: December 2023

I consider four moments in the politics of belonging: 1) naivety, the beaches as a white playground in the 1970s, illustrated by newspaper clippings, 2) challenge, consideration of the “All God’s beaches for all God’s people” anti-apartheid beach protests of the 1980s, 3) disruption, late 1990s/early 2000s loss of place and confrontation with the out-of-place black body—as analyzed in work by Durrheim and Dixon, and 4) counter-attack, reclaiming belonging and criticizing (black) government in Covid-19 beach protests of 2020/21. The various senses of belonging and exclusion enacted on South African beaches poignantly reflect the change that has taken place in South Africa more generally. Although my narrative is chronological, the four moments of naivety, challenge, disruption, and counterattack are coexistent potentialities of the politics of belonging.
ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH, FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERN AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AMONG STUDENTS’ ATHLETES IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC BAUCHI
Authors: Ezeaku Joy Eberechukwu
Published: December 2023

Nutrition and well-being play vital roles in the field of sports and the overall performance of Athletes. The main purpose of nutrition is to ensure the compensation of increased energy consumption and the need for nutrients in the athlete's body, thereby enabling maximum adaption of physical loads. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between health, food consumption patterns, and physical activities among student athletes to improve their performance. This will help boost their physical performance. The study aim to improve the effect of sport nutrition intervention on nutritional knowledge and dietary practices among student athlete. A cross-sectional study was used and data was collected from the respondents using a well-structured questionnaire. The respondents were selected using a simple random technique and the data obtained was analyzed using the statistical package for social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. The majority of respondents (58.6%) engaged in moderate physical activity. 44.4% of the respondents ate twice daily 33.6% ate twice daily and 17.7% ate more thrice daily. Most of the respondents (43. 1%%) ate fruits occasionally but 18. 5% of the respondents did not eat fruits daily. 74. 1% of the respondents had not suffered from any of the ailments while 24.1% of the respondents had suffered from a form of ailment. The study revealed that nutrition, physical performance and the level of functional capacity of human beings are interrelated. Athletes must ensure that they take their dietary practices with optimum importance, as it enhances and boost physical performance, overall health and quick recovery.
Формирование угорской проблемы в археологии Южного Урала
Authors: Иванов Владимир
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the 90th anniversary of two outstanding Russian archaeologists who significantly contributed to studying archaeology of medieval Southern Urals. These are G.I.Matveeva and N.A.Mazhitov. They established as archaeology researchers at Perm Archaeological School founded by extraordinary Soviet archaeologist O.N.Bader. He led the above-mentioned scientists through their archaeology major at Perm (formerly Molotov) State University. The research career for both of the scientists began with studying archaeological monuments dated back to 1st millennium AD found in Bashkiria. Early findings of N.A.Mazhitov allowed to finally determine the Bakhmutinskaya culture in the Fore-Urals defined by A.V.Schmidt back in the late 1920s. Relying on specific morphological attributes of this culture’s ceramics N.A.Mazhitov suggested interpreting these ceramics as something of the Ugrians or Ancient Ugrians. The researcher held onto this point of view approximately till the mid–1970s. Since then on and by the end of his life he was rejecting his former believes of the Ugrian ethnic origin of the Bakhmutinslaya culture carriers. Furthermore, he was objecting any presence of the Ugrians in the Southern Urals at all. G.I.Matveeva was against the idea of interpreting the Bakhmutinslaya culture as a Ugrian one in the first place. For her the Ugrians belonged to the Karayakupo culture that she had defined. To her mind that she maintained until she passed away, Karayakupo folk and similar (but not equal) people of the Kushnarenkovskaya culture comprised the majority of the population of forest-steppe of contemporary Bashkiria back in 6th – 9th centuries. Their genetic roots were found by G.I.Matveeva in the Transurals and Western Siberia cultures. Together they made Bakaly Ethnic & Cultural Community. The reason why N.A.Mazhitov revised his believes about ethnic and cultural processes in the region in the 1st millenium AD can be explained through his concept of the Bashkirs’ primary ethnic genesis stages. He was convinced that carriers of all archaeological cultures (even the Bakhmutinskaya culture) in the region in the 1st millennium AD were involved in the Bashkirs’ ethnic genesis. The reason to say so was that the ancient Bashkirs assimilated these cultures. At the turn of the 20th and the 21st centuries Mazhitov’s belief was stronger than any time before. The ancient Bashkirs for Mazhitov were Turbasly, Kushnarenkovo and Karayakupovo tribes. After G.I.Matveeva had relocated to work permanently in Kuybyshev (Samara), she abandoned the Fore-Urals ideas but never changed her opinion about ethnic and cultural processes in the Fore-Urals, as she formed this opinion back in the 1960s.
Последние носители мазунинского культурного комплекса и стык мазунинской и бахмутинской культур
Authors: Краснопреров Александр
Published: December 2023

The article reviews complexes that reflect the process of the Mazunino culture transforming into the Bakhmutino culture. On the right bank of the Kama River, the Mazunino monuments cease to exist by the end of the 4th century. Further development of these antiquities occurs on the left bank, where the traditional complex of material culture is preserved. The prevailing types are temple pendants and large oval fibulae. In- novations accumulated throughout the 5th century lead to a change in the “ethnographic” specifics and result in the complex of Bakhmutino culture. Changes are found in set of pendants, the structure of belt sets, the decor of ceramic vessels, and the funeral rite. There is no reason to date finds of Bakhmutino types earlier than the 5th century. By the second half of the 5th century, Mazunino features (objects) are preserved only in single burials: Birsk burial ground, burials number 18, 81, 92, 125, 128. Found buckles and double-plate fibulae are the basis for dating. The entire transformation of costume decor and accessories (belts with two strap-ends, shoe sets, earrings, mirrors, a developed set of pendants, beads) has chronological significance. The considered complexes can be dated only in general terms within the era, but not earlier than the middle of the 5th century. These five graves no longer directly belong to the classical Mazunino culture, the complex (but not particular elements) of which cease to exist in the 1st half of the 5th century, and completely disappear by the middle of the 5th century. Mazunino decorations slowly leaving the everyday life speaks about slow changes in the same population.
Новобиксентеевский клад металлических изделий конца VI – VII вв. в Нижнем Прикамье
Authors: Морозов Виктор , Смирнов Алексей , Лыганов Антон , Данилевская Виктория , Бакаев Сергей
Published: December 2023

The article covers the treasure trove of bronze jewelry found by the employees of LLC “Archeology of the East European Plain” in 2022 when determining the boundaries of the Novobiksenteevsky settlement located in the Lower Kama region (Iksko-Belsky interfluve). On the southern borderline of the settlement, on the plowed surface with the help of metal search devices 32 objects were identified, which were located in a compact group on the area of about 11×7 m. On the spot of the greatest concentration of findings, a 3×2 m-sized soil pit was dug, in the plowed layer of which ten more valuable findings were identified just as well. While conditioning the mainland surface numerous traces of modern mechanical plow knives designed for deep plowing and their impact were revealed. Thus, we assume that as a result of agricultural labour on this allocated site, the treasure was turned out of the ground, which according to the materials of the Novobiksenteevsky settlement, coincides with the main complex of this monument and can be dated back to the end of the VI – VII centuries. Novobiksenteevsky treasure is represented by 42 items. It includes noisy and wheel-shaped suspensions, fragments of hryvnia, belt linings, various under-layings and fragments of other metal products. The items of the found treasure have never been registed in the early medieval antiquities of Zakamye. The closest analogies come from the monuments of the Vyatka, Sylva and Cheptsy river basins, as well as the Upper Kama Region, which belong to the Yemanayevskaya, Nevolinskaya, Polomskaya and Lomovatovskaya cultures. Based on the listed analogies, the time of placing the Novobiksenteevsky treasure into the ground can be approximately related to the end of the VI – VII centuries. For most of the items of the found treasure the identification of chemical composition using X-ray analysis was held, which made it possible to assign the main types of metals and alloys. The metal composition of the Novobiksenteevsky treasure is also typical for bronze articles of the Kama region cultures of the VI–VII centuries.
Топоры Барбашинского могильника эпохи Золотой Орды (по материалам коллекций СОИКМ им. П.В. Алабина)
Authors: Глазистова Наталья , Кочкина Анна , Сташенков Дмитрий
Published: December 2023

The Barbashinsky burial ground is located in Samara and is the largest necropolis of the Mordvins of the Golden Horde period in the Samara Trans-Volga region. Over a century of archaeological studies at the site explored about 220 burials, including 56 male burials, 38 of which had axes inside. The Samara Museum for Historical and Regional Studies has 10 collections from excavations at the Barbashinsky burial ground, including 41 shaft-holed axes. All of them were extracted from male burials. The typological characteristics of the axes were established by classifying into: categories (according to the shape of the blade and the ratio of the width of the blade to the total length of the ax), departments (according to the shape of the butt), types (according to the shape of the cheeks), variants (if there is a spine, elongation of the back of the butt); the weight of the tools was also taken into account. The most common are medium-bladed wedge-shaped (11 items), widebladed wedge-shaped axes (9 items), medium-bladed axes with a slot (11 items). Less common are narrow bladed wedge-shaped axes (2 items), wide-bladed axes with a slot (3 items), and narrow-bladed axes with a slot (5 items). Single items show peculiar features, such as an axe with a hammer-shaped butt and a pole-ax-shaped wide-bladed axe. Probably, the axes of the Barbashinsky burial ground had a universal purpose, they were used as tools, but if necessary, they could also be used as a weapon. The functional purpose of the axes was not connected with the shape, but rather with the weight of the tools: the massive ones were used by lumbermen, while the lighter ones were used for carpentry and cooperage. In the burials, axes were located at the head, near the arms, along the body at the feet, in all cases the blade was turned outward from the body, less often the tools were stuck into the ground. Axes were often accompanied by knives, arrowheads, firesteels, buckles, clasps and awls. According to the anthropological data, the age of the men in the graves with an ax ranged from 20 to 60. Technologically and morphologically, the axes of the Barbashinsky burial ground correspond to the traditions of the Golden Horde period, known from the sites of the Samara Trans-Volga region and other regions.
Комплекс материальной культуры башкир Южного Урала 18–19вв. (по данным селища Имсяк-Тау-1 в горно-степном Зауралье)
Authors: Савельев Никита , Николаев Сергей , Румянцев Михаил , Русланов Евгений , Савельева Анна , Хурманов Анвар , Кунгурцев Андрей
Published: December 2023

The article presents the archaeological and paleosoil findings from the settlements dated 18th – 19th century. Imsyak-Tau-1 settlement is situated in the narrow strand of mountain steppes in the Southern Transurals (currently Abzelilovsky District, the Republic of Bashkortostan) on the bank of Bolshoy Kizil River. The monument was first discovered in 2000. The area was closely researched in 2022. The research shows remains of a permanent settlement with linear layouts and two key functional areas. The research totally registered 23 items. Most of them were reconstructed as above-ground housings based on their appearance. A significant amount of remains was collected from the surface. Mainly they were fragments of cast iron pots, various household items, single pottery and porcelain fragments. Pits reveal the cultural deposit within the top horizon only. Coins make the findings date back to the middle 18th century. Paleosoil research allows to determine that locally within the monument there is a lot porcelain (P2 O5 ). It is evident of high anthropogenic load caused by substantial number of cattle. The analysis of 18th – 19th centuries map and historical resources shows that this settlement is an ‘old place’ (Bashkir: Iske uryn) for the contemporary village Ishkulovo (Bashkir tribe of Tangaurs). It had been abandoned by 1784. However, the analysis of the existing coins, including samples discovered in 2022, allows to date the monument within 1740s – 1860s. The studied cast iron pots prove their high chronological and partly ethnocultural significance. To date Imsyak-Tau-1 settlement is one of the few monuments in the Southern Urals to help describe the archaeologically registrable artefacts of Transurals Bashkirs of 18th – 19th century.
Традиционные украшения башкирских женщин: этнокультурный взгляд из XXI века
Authors: Рахматуллина Зугура , Хусаинова Гульнур
Published: December 2023

A number of researchers of studies on Bashkirs consider women’s national embellishments. Nonetheless, the analysis of the existing literature and specialized sources reveals insufficiency of the researches and publications. They hardly review the role of the traditional women’s jewelry in human life during the era of globalization and unification in many aspects, including the aesthetics. The age of constantly changing contemporary fashion makes ethnic ornaments a striking and authentic component of a female image. These ornaments gain the new stylish life, but maintain their original cultural essence, artistic canon and features, philosophy and ideology originating from the deep archetypes of the national consciousness. Upgraded jewelry are popular with younger and older people. Today they embellish special-occasion, every-day and business outfits. Absolutely, sources and reasons for such an artistic and aesthetic phenomenon in the today’s reality require overview through historical retrospective considering the nation’s social and cultural biography and folklore. The overview of the available research data on the topic form a theoretical foundation for further and more thorough studying. This article relies on folklore and ethnographic materials related to female clothes and jewelry. The materials are formed with the authors’ published and unpublished field notes. The article touches on the rich history of Bashkir women’s embellishments from the ancient time till present days, discloses their ideology, spiritual meanings, artistic features, social and aesthetic functions. The analytical approach is used for this research. It determines that national jewelry is mentioned in the folklore, in Bashkir fairytales, songs and epic poems in particular. Some ornament items discovered in the folklore materials are found nowadays. They give a modern woman’s outfit an ethnic feature, if she aspires for preserving her authentic identity in the global unification fashion.
Hiatus III в. до н.э. и incident 1963 г.
Authors: Зуев Вадим
Published: December 2023

In 1963 K.F.Smirnov, V.G.Petrenko, and M.G.Moshkova published two collections of archaeological sources on the Sauromatian culture and the Early Sarmatian (Prokhorovka) culture. At the same time these researchers made a methodological error: using a single archaeological database (card index of monuments), they selected for their publications seventy archaeological complexes and finds, which were both as the latest Sauromatian monuments and as the earliest Sarmatian (Prokhorovka) monuments at the same time. Since the collections of sources were published by category of finds, and not by complexes, the allowed mistake was missed by the authors of the collections when they were preparing the books for publication. And this duplication of materials became a foundation for a system of evidence for the smooth transition of the Sauromatian culture to the Early Sarmatian. When the authors realized this after the books had been published, they decided not to focus on the error believing that the intensive growth of new archaeological material would quickly alleviate the error. However, all the decades after the 1963 incident never gathered sufficient the materi- als of the 3rd century BC. The thesis about the 2nd–1st centuries BC Sarmatian culture ‘growing’ out of the late Sauromatian monuments dated 4th–3rd centuries BC appeared to be rather a declarative statement without any evidence behind. Attempts to statistically analyze large sets of funeral rite signs at sites dated 6th–1st centuries BC in Asian Sarmatia did not give the expected result due to the methodological inconsistency of the study. In addition, the so-called ‘clamped dating method’ is methodologically questionable and anti-historical because the continuity of 6th–4th centuries BC culture and 2nd–1st centuries BC culture is not proven, even though the method was developed by V.M.Klepikov specifically for identifying monuments of the 3rd century BC. All the events considered in the article led Sarmatian archeology to a crisis and to ascertaining the presence of a hiatus in chronological columns for antiquities assigned to the Scythian-Sarmatian type in the Southern Urals and the Lower Volga region.
PENERAPAN METODE K- NEAREST NEIGBHOR KLASIFIKASI JENIS BUAH SEMANGKA DENGAN IMAGE PROCESSING
Authors: Billah Muhammad Baqi , Jangcik Idi , Sasmita  , Yuhelmi
Published: December 2023

Tujuan dari studi ini ialah untuk menciptakan Sistem Klasifikasi Jenis Buah Semangka melalui Pengolahan Citra dengan menggunakan Metode K-Nearest Neighbor di Dinas Pertanian Kota Pagar Alam. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena proses pengklasifikasian jenis-jenis semangka masih dilakukan secara tradisional dan belum diotomatiskan. Saat ini, klasifikasi buah semangka masih bergantung pada pengalaman manusia, penilaian warna, dan bentuk buah semangka. Namun, cara ini memakan waktu yang cukup lama dan seringkali menghasilkan kesalahan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu dalam pengklasifikasian buah semangka dengan menggunakan metode yang lebih efisien dan akurat melalui teknik pengolahan citra. Dengan menggunakan metode K-Nearest Neigbhor dengan cepat. Sistem yang dibangun menggunakan Software MATLAB, dalam metode pengembangan sistem dalam penelitian ini adalah metode SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle), dimana tahapan meliputi analisis, desain, pengkodean dan pengujian, untuk metode pengujian menggunakan Euclidean Distance dilakukan pengujian pada seluruh data testing yang telah disiapkan hasil dari penelitian ini yakni sistem klasifikasi jenis buah semangka dengan metode Euclidean Distance dengan Image Processing dimana pada 80 data training, menghasilkan 69 data berhasil dikenali dan 11 data tidak berhasil dikenali, sehingga mendapat persentase sebesar 86,25%. Kemudian setelah dilakukan holdout validation dengan 20 data testing, menghasilkan 16 data berhasil dikenali dan 4 data tidak berhasil dikenali, sehingga mendapat persentase sebesar 80%. Akhirnya sistem yang menerapkan Euclidean Distance terhadap klasifikasi jenis buah semangka dengan image processing mendapat akurasi yang tinggi
Airport Runway Defect Detection Device: A Project-Based Learning Media
Authors: Suryan Viktor , Amalia Direstu , Septiani Virma , Sukahir Sukahir , Nurfitri Meta Amalia , Chandra Putu Wisnu Ardia
Published: December 2023

In the Aviation industry, runways play a significant role in flight safety. Damage to the runway can cause aircraft accidents that can harm several parties. The use of labor in inspection activities tends to frequent human error. Therefore, the author makes a neural network technology tool to detect runway damage at the airport. This research aims to design a runway defect detection device used as a project-based learning media for Transportation Cadets, especially Palembang Aviation Polytechnic Cadets, so they can absorb learning material quickly and find a new learning atmosphere. This research uses the research and development method by analyzing the needs qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that the design scenario and how this tool works can help in learning, especially project-based learning. Hence, the design of this tool can be utilized as a reference in the development and use of the tool.
Perancangan Sistem Mekanik Penggerak Sumbu X Dan Y Pada Mesin CNC (Computer Numerical Control) CO2 Laser Cutting
Authors: Kusmayanto Ridwan , Heryana Ghany , Jatira
Published: December 2023

Mesin CNC CO2 Laser Cutting adalah mesin yang menggunakan sinar laser untuk memotong atau mengukir bahan tertentu. Mesin ini ditujukan untuk para pelaku usaha kecil menengah (UKM) salah satunya dapat membantu para pengrajin untuk menghasilkan produk-produk kreatif seperti aksesoris, kerajinan tangan, dekorasi dan lainnya. Mesin CNC CO2 Laser Cutting terdiri beberapa komponen yaitu rangka mesin, motor stepper, timing pulley, timing belt, poros dan bearing. Dengan komponen diatas diharapkan mampu bekerja dengan baik. Hasil perancangan mesin CNC CO2 Laser Cutting memiliki dimensi panjang 1500 mm, lebar 1200 mm, dan tinggi 330 mm. untuk sumber penggerak menggunakan motor stepper pada sumbu X dan Y dengan torsi yang dikeluarkan sumbu X 0,113 Nm dan daya terbesar sumbu X 3,54 Watt, sedangkan torsi yang dikeluarkan sumbu Y 0,2073 Nm dan daya terbesar sumbu Y 6,5 Watt. Motor yang dipilih adalah motor stepper Nema 17HS4401 dan Sistem transmisi menggunakan timing pulley dan timing belt.
Perancangan Sistem Kendali Mesin CNC (Computer Numerical Control) laser Cutting CO2 2 Axis Berbasis Arduino Uno
Authors: Lesmana Bayu , Heryana Ghany , Jatira
Published: December 2023

Indusri permesinan khususnya mesin perkakas saat ini menghadapi tantangan yang semakin berat karena industri ini dituntut menghasilkan produk murah, presisi dan waktu produksi yang cepat oleh karena itu, kebutuhan akan mesin cnc di bidang industri kreatif dirasakan sangat perlu, karena dengan mesin cnc ketelitian suatu produk dapat di jamin 1/100 mm lebih dan dapat menghasilkan produk dengan efisien. Penelitian yang akan di laksanakan bertujuan untuk merancang pengendalian mesin cnc laser cutting CO2. Sehingga mesin dapat bekerja secara otomatis dengan sistem kendali menggunakan mikrokontroler arduino uno dan dapat menjalankan program g-code dengan presisi dan mampu membentuk pola atau rancangan tertetu. Mesin cnc laser ini juga memiliki beberapa komponen penting diantarannya adalah driver motor, motor stepper, mikrokontroler arduino dan cnc shield. Pengoperasian mesin ini menggunakan software ligtburn. Untuk alur kerja mesin meliputi PC (personal computer), g-code, lightburn, driver yang selanjutnya akan menghasilkan output pada mesin berupa pergerakan otomatis.
Analisa Keakurasian Mesin CNC (Computer Numerical Control) Laser Cutting CO2 pada Persumbuan X dan Y
Authors: Lailiah Azizatul , Heryana Ghany , Suriaman Irwan
Published: December 2023

Perkembangan teknologi komputer memiliki kemajuan yang sangat pesat. Mesin CNC (Computer Numerical Control) telah mengalami banyak kemajuan dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Mesin CNC (Computer Numerical Control) pertama kali diperkenalkan pada tahun 1960-an, dan telah mengalami perubahan dan peningkatan teknologi sejak saat itu. Suatu mesin perkakas sangat rentan terhadap ketidakakuratan yang dihasilkan pada mesin yang digunakan dalam jangka waktu lama dan berulang-ulang dapat berakibat pada proses pemakanannya. Proses pemakanan yang menyimpang akan sangat berpengaruh pada kualitas benda kerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses kalibrasi Mesin CNC Laser Cutting CO2 pada sumbu X dan Y dan hasil untuk keputusan kelayakan mesin. Alat dial indicator akan digunakan untuk mengetahui hasil kalibrasi pada mesin CNC Laser Cutting CO2 2 sumbu untuk pemotongan Laser Cutting CO2. Mesin CNC Laser Cutting CO2 ini akan dikalibrasi pada setiap sumbunya, yaitu sumbu X dan Y.
Pengaruh Pelapisan Nikel pada Tool End Mill HSS Terhadap Nilai Kekerasan dan Temperature Proses Milling Alumunium 6061
Authors: Sifa Agus , Endramawan Tito , Sukardi Casiman , Aryadi Haerul
Published: December 2023

Proses permesinan metode dry machining milling adalah proses permesinan tanpa tambahan pendingin. Metode  dry machining milling mempunyai beberapa masalah saat proses permesinan yaitu suhu tool dapat mudah naik dan berdampak besar terhadap keausan pada tool. Tujuan penelitian ini mengembangkan metode dry machining dengan variasi tool yang dilapisi oleh nickel, dengan memanfaatkan sifat material nickel yang dapat menahan panas dan korosi. Pelapisan nickel yang digunakan pada tool akan berpengaruh pada parameter suhu tool. Metode pelapisan nickel yang akan dilakukan pada tool dengan menggunakan metode electroplating. metode ini adalah satu metode pelapisan logam yang sering disebut elektrodeposisi, atau proses pengendapan logam pelapis pada logam induk dengan cara elektrolisis. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode pengujian eksperimental untuk mendapatkan parameter suhu tool dan kekerasan pada lapisan tool. Tegangan dan arus yang digunakan pada proses elektroplating adalah 6 V dan 0.7 A dengan waktu 5 menit, 10 menit dan 15 menit. Hasil ketebalan lapisan nickel sebesar 0.024 mm dalam waktu 15 menit, jadi setiap 5 menit lapisannya adalah 0.008 mm. Proses pengujian eksperimental menggunakan tool HSS Ø12 / 4 F dan  benda kerja alumunium 6061. Hasil tool yang tidak dilapisi nickel(uncoated) pada pemakanan 3 mm, kecepatan spindel 3000 rpm, menunjukkan suhu 73.6 ºC, sedangkan tool yang dilapisi nickel(coated) menunjukkan suhu 58.6 ºC,  sehingga nilai rata-rata kekerasan pada lapisan nickel yaitu 279.9 HV.
PERAMALAN PENGADAAN BAHAN BAKU KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN MEGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY TIME SERIES DI PT X.Co
Authors: Siti Wardah  , Ahmad Syahdiyin  , Mohammad Amin
Published: December 2023

Kelapa sawit merupakan bahan baku pembuatan minyak goreng, dari kelapa sawit diproses menjadi CPO yang nantinya akan diproses lebih lanjut untuk di proses menjadi minyak goreng, Indonesia sendiri termasuk kedalam industry kelapa sawit yang terbesar di dunia, sehingga permintaan kelapa sawit akan terus berjalan hingga ke penjuru dunia, dalam hal ini dibutuhkan peramalan permintaan kelapa sawit setiap hari nya yang akan membantu untuk mengatur proses produksi kelapa sawit. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meramalkan permintaan buah kelapa sawit di PT. X.Co agar dapat memprediksi bahan baku yang masuk sehingga dapat merencanakan proses produksi sehingga tidak terjadi penumpukan bahan baku di gudang penyimpanan. Metode yang dapat digunakan adalah metode fuzzy time series. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permintaan berikutnya adalah 375 Ton.
A Workshop for Education for Shared Life: Bedouins and Jews Female Teaching Students at Kay College for Education in the Southern Region of Israel
Authors: Gat Ofer
Published: December 2023

The importance of multiculturalism in education in general and in academic institutions for teacher training in particular, it receives a lot of attention in the academic-educational research field. Most of the studies held in Israel about teacher training accompanied by a multicultural approach as part of an educational concept discussed the distinction between the attitudes of students from different cultural groups or their achievements; Others proposed models for multicultural education or contented themselves with raising awareness of the need to design models. This study seeks to propose an interventional concept oriented to situation assessment and well planned within the framework of diverse lessons as part of a pragmatic tool – applicable that seeks to educate for intercultural care and cultural competence. To examine these training processes, the qualitative paradigm was chosen by the activation of an action research that continued within the framework of a course called: “Education for ambassadors for a shared life” that was prepared in advance after a careful assessment of the situation and divided into structured steps. 10 female teaching students participated in the study: 6 Jewish and 4 Bedouin Muslim women, residents of the southern region of the State of Israel. The students wrote reflections and were asked to formulate a joint educational project. The results of the study emphasize the importance of learning the mutual culture as a tool that produces closeness and reducing stereotypes; Understanding the need to take mutual cultural responsibility as future teachers and citizens; Collaborative learning spaces of this type create a safe educational space for self-expression and presentation of personal and cultural identity. Cultural sublimation and a sense of belonging were also expressed. All the participants recognize the importance of the topic and the need to learn.
The Cycle of Money with Mixed Savings
Authors: Challoumis Constantinos
Published: December 2023

This paper is about the utility of cycle of money with mixed savings. This means that it examines the crucial points of tax policy and public policy that are the best for the increase of consumption and investments, subject to the case that there exists and the case that there is an absence of mixed savings. Therefore, the analysis is based on the utility of the public sector and the utility of the uncontrolled enterprises. Thence, it is plausible to extract conclusions about the utility of the cycle of money, showing the points and the behaviors of any economy when there are and when there are not mixed savings. For this analysis, a Q.E. method and its econometrical approach are applied.
Thyroid Nodule Correlation with Serum Prolactin and TPO Antibody Levels: A Case-Control Study
Authors:   Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Mataji Maedeh , Frouzanian Mehran ,   Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Kashi Zahra ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Abdollahi Amirsaleh ,   Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Bahar Adele ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Mohammadpour Reza Ali ,   Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The prevalence of thyroid nodules poses a grave clinical concern as they may lead to malignancy. Prolactin has been found to have anti-cell death properties and stimulates the growth of breast and prostate cells, as has been discovered in exploratory examinations. In light of this, the current research was designed to investigate whether a possible relationship exists between thyroid nodules and serum prolactin levels. Material and Methods: Ninety participants were enrolled in this study, of which 60 presented with thyroid nodules (30 antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) positive and 30 TPO-Ab negative) and 30 without thyroid nodules (control group). Patients' serum prolactin, TPO-Ab, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T4 values, and thyroid ultrasound reports were scrutinized. Statistically significant outcomes were determined by a P-value less than 0.05. Results: Serum TSH, prolactin, and TPO-Ab levels were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P=0.041, 0.050, and 0.000, respectively). The case group had more instances of hyperprolactinemia than the control group (35% vs. 13.3%) (OR=3.5, CI 95%=1.08-11.38, P=0.031). Furthermore, the TPO-Ab positive group demonstrated greater solidity than the TPO-Ab negative group (93.3% vs. 73.3%, P=0.038). Conclusion: The present study confirmed the presence of a positive correlation between thyroid nodules and increased serum TSH, prolactin, and TPO-Ab levels. Furthermore, TPO-Ab positive nodules exhibited greater solidity and elevated TSH levels.
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with and without Parkinsonism: A Case-Control Study
Authors:   Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Frouzanian Mehran , Varyani Sedigheh ,   Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Cheraghmakani Hamed ,   Department of Neurology, BouAli Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Baghbanian Seyed Mohammad ,   Department of Neurology, BouAli Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Makhlough Atieh ,   Department of Nephrology, Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Abdi Rohollah ,   Department of Radiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Karimi Varaki Alireza ,   Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a major public health concern on a global scale. Patients with CKD have a heightened risk of developing multiple movement disorders like parkinsonism. Timely diagnosis through imaging and effective management may hold the key to mitigating disease symptoms. Material and Methods: Twenty-eight individuals with CKD were categorized into two groups, nine patients showing signs of parkinsonism and a control group of nineteen patients without parkinsonism. All participants underwent non-contrast brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, including T1, T2, DWI, and FLAIR sequences. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS-24 and STATA software. Results: Nine patients exhibited parkinsonism symptoms, while nineteen did not. Brain MRI revealed hypointensities in structures like the putamen, globus pallidus, and cerebellar dentate nucleus in both groups. Comparative analysis showed no statistically significant differences in the percentages of these findings (P>0.05). Similarly, the presence of cerebral atrophy and cerebrovascular disease did not significantly differ between the groups. Factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and history of dialysis also failed to show significant distinctions (P>0.05 for all). Conclusion: The correlation between brain MRI alterations in CKD patients with parkinsonism symptoms and those without was not significant. Nevertheless, there was a strong association between the duration of CKD in patients and the presence of parkinsonism-related signs.
Investigating the Level of Knowledge and Attitude towards Basic Life Supports and Related Factors in Surgical Technologists and Nurses of Anesthesia at Imam Khomeini Hospital at Tehran during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Farzanmehr Fereshteh , Nasiri Formi Ebrahim ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Operating Room and Emergencies, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Samadi Shahram ,   Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory arrest is one of the most dangerous conditions that requires immediate action. Therefore, it is important for healthcare staff to have the necessary knowledge and skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and attitude of basic life supports (BLS) in the surgical technologists and nurses of anesthesia of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Material and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, all surgical technologists and nurses of anesthesia working at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran participated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected using a questionnaire designed by the authors. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were used for data analysis via SPSS 24 software (α=0.05). Results: The results of the study in 195 participants showed that the average knowledge score of anesthesia nurses was significantly higher than surgical technologists (4.99 ± 1.20 vs. 4.12 ± 1.39, P=0.001). The average score of the attitude of anesthesia nurses and surgical technologists were 12.62 ± 1.92 and 12.43 ± 2.34, respectively, which were not significantly different from each other (P=0.624). Conclusion: The level of knowledge of the majority of surgical technologists and anesthesia nurses about basic resuscitation was not appropriate, and considering the importance of BLS and the above disciplines, it is necessary to make arrangements for its training by educational policy makers.
Examining the Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance of Operating Room Personnel about the Use of Personal Communication Devices
Authors:   Department of Operating Room, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran, Azarmehr Tayebeh , Pouladkhay Fatemeh ,   Department of Operating Room, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran, Nasiri Formi Ebrahim ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Operating Room and Emergencies, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Abjar Rana ,   Department of Operating Room, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran, Sargolzaei Fereshte ,   Department of Operating Room, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Published: December 2023

Introduction: There is a growing concern about the impact of personal electronic devices (PEDs), including mobile phones, on healthcare, particularly in the operating room, as they can lead to distractions and reduced focus, compromising patient safety. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 127 healthcare personnel and anesthesiologists working in teaching hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The study aimed to investigate their awareness, attitude, and performance regarding the use of PEDs. Questionnaires were administered, and data analysis was carried out using statistical tests. Results: All participants used mobile phones as their personal communication devices in the operating room. Most participants used their devices for various purposes, such as making calls, sending messages, and emails, playing games, and internet browsing. The mean attitude score was 65.34 ± 38.9, the mean performance score was 33.30 ± 32.4, and the mean awareness score was 88.5 ± 77.29. Factors like age, gender, field of study, educational level, and work experience did not significantly affect attitude, performance, or awareness scores. Conclusion: It is essential for healthcare professionals to strike a balance between using personal electronic devices to enhance patient care and managing potential distractions. These findings can inform strategies to prevent distractions caused by mobile phone use and ensure patient safety in healthcare settings. Further research is needed in this area to provide effective solutions and mitigate risks associated with PED use in healthcare.
Climate Change and the Looming Threat of Cardiovascular Diseases in Iran: A Narrative Review
Authors:   Student Research Committee, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Goudarzian Amir Hossein
Published: December 2023

In this narrative article, we delve into the intersection of climate change and the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Iran, shedding light on the urgent need for comprehensive action to protect the nation's health and heritage. Against the backdrop of Iran's diverse landscapes and cultural heritage, the article sheds light on the profound impacts of climate change on public health. Rising temperatures, more frequent heatwaves, deteriorating air quality, and disruptions in food security are identified as key climate-related factors intensifying the prevalence of CVDs. Vulnerable populations, including low-income communities and marginalized groups, face a disproportionate burden. The narrative emphasizes the urgent need for compre-hensive action, encompassing healthcare infrastructure, public awareness campaigns, and climate adaptation measures. Climate justice emerges as a critical element, ensuring equitable access to resources and healthcare. The conclusion calls for collective efforts to protect cardiovascular health, uphold climate justice, and secure a sustainable future for Iran and the world
A Forward Model for Estimating Phase Aberration in Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Sheppard Keyan , Xu Yuan
Published: December 2023

Phase aberration in ultrasound images is caused by inaccurate information in the sound speed distribution in the medium and can result in image distortion, such as shape change and position shifting of the imaged objects. Various methods, including cross-correlation-based methods, have been applied to the distorted images to estimate phase aberration. In this paper, we first propose that the position shifting induced by the phase aberration causes the estimated phase aberration to be inaccurate. Then, we propose an equation relating the estimated phase aberration to the true one and the equations to predict position shifting. Finally, we present a forward model for estimating phase aberration. Considering phase aberration as a function of the array element position, the theory shows that both the constant term and linear term of the true phase aberration will be canceled in the estimated phase aberration as they result solely in predictable position shifting. Field II simulations and data from tissue-mimicking phantom were used to validate the proposed theory. The theory was also applied to improve the estimation of the initial delay of ultrasound probes in both Field II simulations and experimental phantom study. Other potential applications of the proposed theory were also discussed.