bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description Is a Drag, and Vice Versa: Issues with Vocabulary Control
Authors: Roberto K. R.
Published: August 2013

How do controlled vocabularies address transgender topics?This talk explores the use of hierarchical taxonomic structures to describe people’s often-fluid gender identities and sexuality, particularly the lack of accurate and appropriate language in most commonly used subject thesauri, and how the lack of this accurate and appropriate language can affect potential users. More specifically, this refers to individuals who identify as gender nonconforming.This term, as defined by the Sylvia Rivera Law Project, refers to “people who do not follow other people's ideas or stereotypes about how they should look or act based on the female or male sex they were assigned at birth.” The phrase is frequently used as an umbrella term that encompasses a wide variety of gender identities,including transsexual, drag queen, gender queer, and butch.  Many standard vocabularies have a long and complicated history with regards to prescriptive access points for marginalized groups and sexualities. This talk offers a historical overview of the ways in which authorizedvocabularies have differed from vernacular language commonly used by community members and LGBTQ scholars to describe their own lives, and explores well- and lesser-known subject vocabularies such as the Library of Congress Subject Headings, Medical Subject Headings, terminology used by community archives and libraries, and tags assigned by LGBTQ people when describing their personal collections. The proposal builds on research by Melissa Adler, Sanford Berman, Ellen Greenblatt, Matt Johnson, Patrick Keilty, and Hope Olson.
Differential effects of the N‐terminal helix of FGF8b on the activity of a small‐molecule FGFR inhibitor in cell culture and for the extracellular domain of FGFR3c in solution
Authors: Mineev Konstantin S. , Hargittay Bruno , Jin Jing , Catapano Claudia , Dietz Marina S. , Segarra Marta , Harwardt Mark S. , Richter Christian , Jonker Hendrik R. A. , Saxena Krishna , Sreeramulu Sridhar , Heilemann Mike , Acker‐Palmer Amparo , Schwalbe Harald
Published: July 2024

SSR128129E (SSR) is a unique small‐molecule inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). SSR is a high‐affinity allosteric binder that selectively blocks one of the two major FGFR‐mediated pathways. The mechanisms of SSR activity were studied previously in much detail, allowing the identification of its binding site, located in the hydrophobic groove of the receptor D3 domain. The binding site overlaps with the position of an N‐terminal helix, an element exclusive for the FGF8b growth factor, which could potentially convert SSR from an allosteric inhibitor into an orthosteric blocker for the particular FGFR/FGF8b system. In this regard, we report here on the structural and functional investigation of FGF8b/FGFR3c system and the effects imposed on it by SSR. We show that SSR is equally or more potent in inhibiting FGF8b‐induced FGFR signaling compared to FGF2‐induced activation. On the other hand, when studied in the context of separate extracellular domains of FGFR3c in solution with NMR spectroscopy, SSR is unable to displace the N‐terminal helix of FGF8b from its binding site on FGFR3c and behaves as a weak orthosteric inhibitor. The substantial inconsistency between the results obtained with cell culture and for the individual water‐soluble subdomains of the FGFR proteins points to the important role played by the cell membrane.
Dendritic cells steering antigen and leukocyte traffic in lymph nodes
Authors: Dotta Enrico , Maciola Agnieszka Katarzyna , Baccega Tania , Pasqual Giulia
Published: July 2024

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in initiating and shaping the adaptive immune response, thanks to their ability to uptake antigens and present them to T cells. Once in the lymph node (LN), DCs can spread the antigen to other DCs, expanding the pool of cells capable of activating specific T‐cell clones. Additionally, DCs can modulate the dynamics of other immune cells, by increasing naïve T‐cell dwell time, thereby facilitating the scanning for cognate antigens, and by selectively recruiting other leukocytes. Here we discuss the role of DCs in orchestrating antigen and leukocyte trafficking within the LN, together with the implications of this trafficking on T‐cell activation and commitment to effector function.
An ordinal clinical score predicts seizure freedom after minimally invasive epilepsy surgery
Authors: Dickey Adam S. , Bullinger Katie L. , Grogan Dayton , Asmar Melissa M. , Alwaki Abdulrahman , Kheder Ammar , Shivamurthy Veeresh Kumar N. , Faraj Razan R. , Greven Alexander , Willie Jon T. , Drane Daniel L. , Gross Robert E.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To predict one‐year seizure freedom, using a combination of relevant clinical variables, following stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in a series of 101 patients.

Methods

Eight predictors of seizure freedom were selected based on their association with medial temporal lobe epilepsy: (1) MRI evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS); (2) unitemporal interictal epileptiform discharges; (3) absence of generalized tonic–clonic seizures; (4) history of febrile seizures; (5) onset of epilepsy ≤16 years; (6) absence of an auditory, visual, or vertiginous aura; and (7) unitemporal ictal onset; (8) unitemporal PET hypometabolism. We compared four multivariate models: “MTS,” using just evidence of MTS; “FULL,” using all eight binary predictors; “AIC” using backwards selection of variables; and “SCORE,” using a 0‐to‐8‐point ordinal score awarding one point for each binary predictor.

Results

In univariate analysis, significant predictors for seizure freedom were evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis (p = 0.011, Fisher exact) and unitemporal interictal discharges (p = 0.005). For multivariate prediction (using leave one‐out cross‐validation), the ordinal SCORE model had a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC 0.70) than the other three models: MTS (AUC 0.54, p = 0.002, Delong's test), FULL (AUC 0.62, p = 0.003), or AIC (AUC 0.53, p < 0.001).

Interpretation

An ordinal score incorporating eight independent binary clinical variables predicted seizure freedom better on novel data than a model using MTS alone, a full multivariate model, or a backwards selected model. The ordinal score model represents a simple clinical heuristic to identify which patients should be offered minimally invasive laser surgery.
Electrostatic Interactions‐Independent Approach for Efficient siRNA Encapsulation with Stimuli‐Responsive Charge Reversal and Controlled Release
Authors: Zeng Xiangming , Zuo Mingxiang , Yuan Jianming , Chen Guo , Liu Shuang , Ou Chiyi , Chen Qinghua , Wei Chuanqi , Yu Dongsheng , Cheng Du
Published: July 2024

Cationic materials currently serve as the primary materials for siRNA encapsulation; however, inherent cationic toxicity and limited shelf‐life have hindered their clinical applicability. Although several approaches for encapsulating siRNA without relying on cationic materials exist, achieving a high encapsulation efficiency remains a major challenge. In this study, a feasible strategy is developed for efficiently encapsulating siRNAs in nanogels, without the use of cationic materials. The use of amphiphilic monomers facilitated a higher concentration of monomers at the interlayer, presenting a superior polymerization capability in the inverse emulsion polymerization system. This facilitates the entrapment of siRNA within the nanogel rather than its extrusion. The pH‐responsiveness of the monomer and the enzyme sensitivity of the crosslinkers conferred several benefits to the siRNA‐loaded nanogels, including charge reversal, endo/lysosomal escape, and controlled siRNA release. The efficiency of the nanogel for siRNA delivery and gene inhibition is confirmed through a series of experiments. Thus, a feasible platform is developed for siRNA delivery that is free of cationic toxicity.
Lattice Engineering toward Extraordinary Structural Stability of High‐Performance Single‐Crystal Li‐Rich Layered Oxides Cathodes
Authors: Gao Xianggang , Wang Lei , Guo Juanlang , Li Shihao , Zhang Haiyan , Chen Long , Zhang Yi , Lai Yanqing , Zhang Zhian
Published: July 2024

Prevailing Li‐rich layered oxide cathodes (LLOs) possessing with polycrystalline morphology suffer from unsatisfactory cyclic stability due to serious structural failures including irreversible oxygen release, phase transformation, and microcrack, further limiting its commercial application for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, single‐crystallization combining with a simple boric acid treatment strategy is applied to robust the stability of lattice structure for achieving the reversible oxygen anionic redox of LLOs. The obtained single‐crystal LLOs display less grain boundaries and excellent mechanical stability, contributing to suppress the accumulation of lattice strain and microcracks. Additionally, the induced surface Li2B4O7 with spinel phase coating and bulk gradient B doping after boric acid treatment significantly inhibit the irreversible oxygen release and enhance the stability of lattice structure. Besides, lattice structure regulation also boosts the Li+ diffusion kinetics due to the existence of oxygen defects, fast Li‐ion conductive coating, and enlarged Li+ layer spacing. As a result, the modified SC‐LLOs showcase superior cyclic stability with a capacity retention of 87.42% after 300 cycles at 1 C and excellent rate performance with a high capacity of 144.9 mAh g−1 at 5 C. This work provides some significant references to strengthen the structural stability of single‐crystal LLOs with long‐term cyclic capability via lattice engineering.
Optical Properties of TiO2 Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition Using Various Oxidizing Agents: The Ellipsometry Analysis of Absorption Properties
Authors: Vazquez‐Arce Jorge Luis , Suta Tibor , Fodor Bálint , Makai László , Contreras Oscar , Bahrami Amin , Nielsch Kornelius , Tiznado Hugo
Published: July 2024

This study analyzes the optical properties of TiO2 films grown via atomic layer deposition (ALD) using Tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium with oxidizing agents such as H2O, H2O2, O3, and O2‐plasma. TiO2‐H2O exhibited Ti3+ states and oxygen vacancies characteristic of black TiO2, enhancing visible‐NIR light absorption. This effect increased with more ALD cycles due to the surface memory effect, leading to a decreased growth rate. In contrast, films grown with H2O2, O3, and O2‐plasma are more stoichiometric, has fewer defects, and show no visible‐NIR absorption due to the absence of Ti3+. TiO2 films deposited with H2O also show increased surface roughness and hydrophobicity, while films grown with other oxidizing agents exhibited higher roughness but decreased hydrophobicity. Ellipsometry and UV–vis spectroscopy confirmed that TiO2 films grown with H2O has an increased refractive index and extinction coefficient in the visible range, along with a bandgap widening due to the Moss‐Burstein effect. Conversely, films grown with other oxidizing agents showed a decreased bandgap with increasing thickness and an increased refractive index but a zero extinction coefficient below the bandgap. Mid‐IR ellipsometry measurements revealed the dielectric response, highlighting the critical role of the oxidizing agent in tailoring the properties of TiO2 films for energy and environmental applications.
An Acid Catalyzed Alkynyl‐Prins Cyclization‐Rearrangement Cascade of 2‐(Alkynol)Benzoates: An Approach to 3‐Alkyl‐[n,5]‐Oxaspirophthalides
Authors: Mishra Surabhi , Baire Beeraiah
Published: July 2024

The oxaspiro‐phthalides ([n,5]‐oxaspirobenzalactones) bearing a phthalide spirofused to a cyclic‐ether of various sizes are frameworks found in bioactive natural products. The discovery and development of an alkynyl‐Prins cyclization based, strategy for the construction of structurally interesting, medicinally useful [5,5]‐[6,5]‐, and [7,5]‐oxaspirophthalides is reported in this manuscript. Our strategy represents a report on the construction of oxaspiro‐phthalides using the alkynyl‐Prins cyclization. This approach exhibits broad substrate scope with respect to carbonyl compounds and 2‐(alkynol)benzoates, with yields ranging between 43–98%. Isolation of intermediate, and further conversion of it to the end‐product supported the proposed mechanistic pathway.
High‐intensity light promotes adaptive divergence of photosynthetic traits between sun‐exposed and shaded populations in Saxifraga fortunei
Authors: Magota Kana , Gotoh Eiji , Sakaguchi Shota , Ikeda Hajime , Setoguchi Hiroaki
Published: July 2024

Premise

Light is essential for plants, and local populations exhibit adaptive photosynthetic traits depending on their habitats. Although plastic responses in morphological and/or physiological characteristics to different light intensities are well known, adaptive divergence with genetic variation remains to be explored. This study focused on Saxifraga fortunei (Saxifragaceae) growing in sun‐exposed and shaded habitats.

Methods

We measured the leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic rate of plants grown in their natural habitats and in a common greenhouse (high‐ and low‐intensity light experimental sites). To assess differences in ecophysiological tolerance to high‐intensity light between the sun and shade types, we evaluated the level of photoinhibition of photosystem II and the leaf mortality rate under high‐intensity light conditions. In addition, population genetic analysis was conducted to investigate phylogenetic origins.

Results

Clear phenotypic differences were found between the sun and shade types despite their recent phylogenetic origin. The leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic rate showed plastic changes in response to growing conditions. Moreover, the sun type had a well‐developed palisade parenchyma and a higher photosynthetic rate, which were genetically fixed, and a lower level of photoinhibition under high‐intensity light.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that light intensity is a selective pressure that can rapidly promote phenotypic divergence between the sun and shade types. While phenotypic changes in multiple photosynthetic traits were plastic, genetic divergence in specific traits related to adaptation to high‐intensity light would be fundamental for ecotypic divergence to different light regimes.
Collective Synthesis of Furanocoumarin Natural Products Through a Radical‐mediated Construction of Furanocoumarin Skeletons
Authors: Kotaka Yuko , Nakajima Masaya , Nemoto Tetsuhiro
Published: July 2024

Furanocoumarins are attractive targets in the synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry field because of their structural diversity and interesting biological properties. Herein, we describe the synthesis of furanocoumarin natural products from common furanocoumarin skeletons. A key step was a novel intramolecular radical cyclization onto nitrile to synthesize angular and linear franocoumarins, which was optimized by reacting iodocoumarin derivatives in the presence of (Me3Si)3SiH and oxygen. These compounds served as intermediates in the syntheses of vaginidiol, vaginidin, oroselol, multivittan D, gaudichaudine, oreoselone, peucedanin, and smyrindiol, successfully demonstrating the versatility of the intermediates and utility of the radical cyclization method for accessing furanocoumarin natural products.
Neurochemical organization of cortical proteinopathy and neurophysiology along the Alzheimer's disease continuum
Authors: Wiesman Alex I. , Gallego‐Rudolf Jonathan , Villeneuve Sylvia , Baillet Sylvain , Wilson Tony W. ,   the PREVENT‐AD Research Group
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Despite parallel research indicating amyloid‐β accumulation, alterations in cortical neurophysiological signaling, and multi‐system neurotransmitter disruptions in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the relationships between these phenomena remains unclear.

METHODS

Using magnetoencephalography, positron emission tomography, and an atlas of 19 neurotransmitters, we studied the alignment between neurophysiological alterations, amyloid‐β deposition, and the neurochemical gradients of the cortex.

RESULTS

In patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD, changes in cortical rhythms were topographically aligned with cholinergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic systems. These alignments correlated with the severity of clinical impairments. Additionally, cortical amyloid‐β plaques were preferentially deposited along neurochemical boundaries, influencing how neurophysiological alterations align with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Most of the amyloid‐β‐neurochemical and alpha‐band neuro‐physio‐chemical alignments replicated in an independent dataset of individuals with asymptomatic amyloid‐β accumulation.

DISCUSSION

Our findings demonstrate that AD pathology aligns topographically with the cortical distribution of chemical neuromodulator systems and scales with clinical severity, with implications for potential pharmacotherapeutic pathways.

Highlights

Changes in cortical rhythms in Alzheimer's are organized along neurochemical boundaries.

The strength of these alignments is related to clinical symptom severity.

Deposition of amyloid‐β (Aβ) is aligned with similar neurotransmitter systems.

Aβ deposition mediates the alignment of beta rhythms with cholinergic systems.

Most alignments replicate in participants with pre‐clinical Alzheimer's pathology.
Assembly of a three‐dimensional Cu‐MOF for efficient Fenton‐like degradation of dyes and iodine capture
Authors: Yue Tian‐Cai , Yin Lin , Huang Jian‐Bo , Wang Lu‐Lu , Wang Duo‐Zhi
Published: July 2024

A three‐dimensional Cu‐MOF (XJU‐1) was synthesized based on 5‐((4‐[1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl]benzyl)amino)isophthalic acid ligand (H3L), which showed excellent performance for Fenton‐like degradation of organic dyes (rhodamine B [RhB], methylene blue [MB], methyl orange [MO], methyl violet [MV], congo red [CR], malachite green [MG], xylenol orange [XO]). The results demonstrated that XJU‐1 could efficiently activate H2O2 to achieve 100% removal of RhB and MB with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L under 10 W light‐emitting diode ultraviolet light irradiation within 7 and 6 min, respectively. The possible degradation mechanism was investigated via active species capture experiments, electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement, and the electrochemical analyses. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) was the principal active specie at the whole process, whereas superoxide radical (•O2−), singlet oxygen (1O2) could boost the Fenton‐like reaction for the mineralization of RhB and MB dyes. Possible degradation pathways of RhB and MB were assumed based on the testing results of intermediates. The studies showed that the XJU‐1 still maintained an excellent efficiency for RhB and MB degradation after five cycles. In addition, the iodine capture of XJU‐1 in cyclohexane solution was investigated, the results showed that XJU‐1 had excellent adsorption performance for iodine, and the maximum adsorption capacity was about 368 mg/g.
Exploring the critical years for interdisciplinary citations
Authors: Rong Guoyang , Ma Feicheng , Qian Yuxing , Zhang Zhijian , Chen Shuaipu , Sun Yujiao
Published: July 2024

Revealing interdisciplinary patterns is a cornerstone for the continued evolution of research, education, and societal progress, providing a scaffold upon which to build a more collaborative and integrated approach to knowledge creation. This study presents a novel approach to identifying and analyzing the critical year for interdisciplinary citations (CYIC), which was defined as the year in which qualitative change in interdisciplinary knowledge flow occurred. We conducted two experiments using a Chinese paper dataset spanning 106 disciplines from 1992 to 2022, with the first to pinpoint the occurrence of CYICs and the second to examine three patterns of interdisciplinarity following these CYICs. Our findings revealed that 85% of disciplines exhibit CYICs, often corresponding with a transition from unidirectional output to reciprocal knowledge cooperation. Furthermore, we found that datasets after CYICs are generally characterized by increased interdisciplinarity of knowledge, albeit without a corresponding rise in the interdisciplinarity of disciplines or interdisciplinary diversity. Our results suggest that policy shifts and societal needs are pivotal in driving the formation of interdisciplinary collaborations, as exemplified by the surge in mutual interdisciplinary citations in response to China's poverty alleviation efforts and western development policies.
Time‐varying output group formation‐containment tracking control for heterogeneous multi‐agent system
Authors: Han Nani , Zhang Keer , Zhao Li
Published: July 2024

The time‐varying output group formation‐containment tracking (TVOGFCT) problem of discrete‐time heterogeneous multi‐agent system (MAS) is investigated in this paper. Assuming the MAS consists of multiple tracking leaders, formation leaders, and followers, and all the agents are divided into several groups. Firstly, to estimate the convex combination of tracking leaders in the same group, the distributed observers are designed for the formation leaders, and the observer‐based formation tracking protocols are also presented to make formation leaders realize the desired time‐varying group formation while tracking the convex combination of tracking leaders. Then, two types of observers are proposed to estimate the convex combination of tracking information and formation functions, based on which the containment tracking protocols are designed for the followers of each group. By using output regulation theory and Lyapunov theory, it is illustrated that the designed protocols can make the MAS realize TVOGFCT. Finally, the simulation results prove the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Spectroscopic and dynamic orbital analyses of metal‐poor and high proper‐motion stars: I. HD 8724 and HD 195633
Authors: Marışmak M. , Şahin T. , Güney F. , Plevne O. , Bilir S.
Published: July 2024

In this study, spectral, age, kinematic, and orbital dynamical analyses were conducted on metal‐poor and high proper‐motion (HPM) stars, HD 8724 and HD 195633, selected from the Solar neighborhood. This analysis combines detailed abundance measurements, kinematics, and orbital dynamics to determine their origin. Standard 1D local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis provides a fresh determination of the atmospheric parameters: Teff = 4700 ± 115 K, log g = 1.65 ± 0.32 cgs, [Fe/H] = −1.59 ± 0.04 dex, and a microturbulent velocity 1.58 ± 0.50 km s−1 for HD 8724 and Teff = 6100 ± 205 K, log g = 3.95 ± 0.35 cgs, [Fe/H] = −0.52 ± 0.05 dex, and 1.26 ± 0.50 km s−1 for HD 195633. The ages were estimated using a Bayesian approach (12.25 Gyr for HD 8724 and 8.15 Gyr for HD 195633). The escape scenarios of these stars from 170 candidate globular clusters (GCs) in the Galaxy were also investigated because of their chemical and physical differences (HPM and metal‐poor nature). Accordingly, the calculated probability of encounter (59%) for HD 8724 at a distance of five tidal radius suggests that star HD 8724 may have escaped from NGC 5139 ( Cen), supported by its highly flattened orbit and may belong to a subpopulation of this GC. Conversely, HD 195633's kinematics, age, and metal abundances point toward an escape from the bulge GC NGC 6356.
A Marginalized Zero‐Inflated Negative Binomial Model for Spatial Data: Modeling COVID‐19 Deaths in Georgia
Authors: Mutiso Fedelis , Pearce John L. , Benjamin‐Neelon Sara E. , Mueller Noel T. , Li Hong , Neelon Brian
Published: July 2024

Spatial count data with an abundance of zeros arise commonly in disease mapping studies. Typically, these data are analyzed using zero‐inflated models, which comprise a mixture of a point mass at zero and an ordinary count distribution, such as the Poisson or negative binomial. However, due to their mixture representation, conventional zero‐inflated models are challenging to explain in practice because the parameter estimates have conditional latent‐class interpretations. As an alternative, several authors have proposed marginalized zero‐inflated models that simultaneously model the excess zeros and the marginal mean, leading to a parameterization that more closely aligns with ordinary count models. Motivated by a study examining predictors of COVID‐19 death rates, we develop a spatiotemporal marginalized zero‐inflated negative binomial model that directly models the marginal mean, thus extending marginalized zero‐inflated models to the spatial setting. To capture the spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the data, we introduce region‐level covariates, smooth temporal effects, and spatially correlated random effects to model both the excess zeros and the marginal mean. For estimation, we adopt a Bayesian approach that combines full‐conditional Gibbs sampling and Metropolis–Hastings steps. We investigate features of the model and use the model to identify key predictors of COVID‐19 deaths in the US state of Georgia during the 2021 calendar year.
Years of Life Lost to COVID‐19 and Related Mortality Indicators: An Illustration in 30 Countries
Authors: Rousson Valentin , Locatelli Isabella
Published: July 2024

The concept of (potential) years of life lost is a measure of premature mortality that can be used to compare the impacts of different specific causes of death. However, interpreting a given number of years of life lost at face value is more problematic because of the lack of a sensible reference value. In this paper, we propose three denominators to divide an excess years of life lost, thus obtaining three indicators, called average life lost, increase of life lost, and proportion of life lost, which should facilitate interpretation and comparisons. We study the links between these three indicators and classical mortality indicators, such as life expectancy and standardized mortality rate, introduce the concept of weighted standardized mortality rate, and calculate them in 30 countries to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on mortality in the year 2020. Using any of the three indicators, a significant excess loss is found for both genders in 18 of the 30 countries.
Robust Regression Techniques for Multiple Method Comparison and Transformation
Authors: Dufey Florian
Published: July 2024

A generalization of Passing–Bablok regression is proposed for comparing multiple measurement methods simultaneously. Possible applications include assay migration studies or interlaboratory trials. When comparing only two methods, the method boils down to the usual Passing–Bablok estimator. It is close in spirit to reduced major axis regression, which is, however, not robust. To obtain a robust estimator, the major axis is replaced by the (hyper‐)spherical median axis. This technique has been applied to compare SARS‐CoV‐2 serological tests, bilirubin in neonates, and an in vitro diagnostic test using different instruments, sample preparations, and reagent lots. In addition, plots similar to the well‐known Bland–Altman plots have been developed to represent the variance structure.
Role of sustainable business model, Industry 4.0, crowdfunding, and stakeholders' pressure toward firm's sustainability: A SEM‐ANN approach
Authors: Rahman Amin Ur , Wen Fenghua , Amjad Fiza
Published: July 2024

With growing global attention on achieving sustainable development goals, businesses worldwide face mounting pressures to incorporate sustainability into their business models and operations. However, despite the recognized importance of sustainability in modern manufacturing operations, the path toward embedding sustainability remains unclear and challenging for many manufacturing firms. Within the theoretical framework of dynamic capability theory and the imperative of sustainable development goals, this study investigates the influence of sustainable business models, crowdfunding, Industry 4.0 technologies, and stakeholders' pressure on the sustainable performance of manufacturing firms in Pakistan. Based on survey data from 370 small and medium enterprise owners and managers, our study utilized a hybrid approach by combining partial least squares–Structural equation modeling (SEM) and artificial neural networking techniques. The results emphasize a significant and positive impact of a sustainable business model on firm sustainability. Moreover, the findings reveal that Industry 4.0 technology and crowdfunding partially mediate the relationship between sustainable business models and sustainable performance, highlighting the significant role of advanced technologies and alternative financing. Besides, stakeholders' pressure emerges as a crucial moderator, further strengthening the relationship between sustainable business models and firm sustainability. This study advances knowledge of sustainable business actions within the firms and constitutes a valuable input for businesses, policymakers, and other stakeholders dedicated to enhancing sustainable growth in the manufacturing sector.
Cellular senescence and metabolic reprogramming: Unraveling the intricate crosstalk in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Fusheng , Guo Junchen , Yu Shengmiao , Zheng Youwei , Duan Meiqi , Zhao Liang , Wang Yihan , Yang Zhi , Jiang Xiaofeng
Published: July 2024

The intrinsic oncogenic mechanisms and properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been extensively investigated. Primary features of the TME include metabolic reprogramming, hypoxia, chronic inflammation, and tumor immunosuppression. Previous studies suggest that senescence‐associated secretory phenotypes that mediate intercellular information exchange play a role in the dynamic evolution of the TME. Specifically, hypoxic adaptation, metabolic dysregulation, and phenotypic shifts in immune cells regulated by cellular senescence synergistically contribute to the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and chronic inflammation, thereby promoting the progression of tumor events. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the processes by which cellular senescence regulates the dynamic evolution of the tumor‐adapted TME, with focus on the complex mechanisms underlying the relationship between senescence and changes in the biological functions of tumor cells. The available findings suggest that components of the TME collectively contribute to the progression of tumor events. The potential applications and challenges of targeted cellular senescence‐based and combination therapies in clinical settings are further discussed within the context of advancing cellular senescence‐related research.
Incorporating verbal and nonverbal aspects to enhance a model of patient communication in cancer care: A grounded theory study
Authors: Guetterman Timothy C. , Sakakibara Rae , Baireddy Srikar , Babchuk Wayne A.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

High‐quality communication is essential to patient‐centered care. Existing communication models and research tends to focus on what is said verbally with little attention to nonverbal aspects of communication. In sensitive and emotionally intensive healthcare encounters, such as in cancer care, provider and patient nonverbal behavior may be particularly important for communicating with empathy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a conceptual model of communication that accounts for nonverbal behavior.

Methods

We followed a systematic grounded theory design that involved semi‐structured interviews with 23 providers, including nurse practitioners, physicians, surgeons, and physician's assistants. Using constant comparative analysis, we analyzed transcripts and developed a grounded theory model of communication accounting for nonverbal behavior.

Results

The major themes included building rapport, gauging how patients will take bad news, ensuring patients' understanding of their conditions, staying honest but hopeful, centering but guiding patient through cancer care, conveying empathy while managing heightened emotions, and ensuring patient understanding. Throughout the process, providers synthesize both verbal and nonverbal information and apply what they learn to future encounters.

Conclusions

The results extend existing models of patient‐centered communication and invite communication intervention and research that incorporates nonverbal behavior. The model contributes an understanding of the full process of communication in clinical encounters.
Establishment of an animal model of immune‐related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Meng Yuan , Lv Yingge , Shen Meng , Yu Wenwen , Liu Yumeng , Liu Ting , Liu Gen , Ma Shiya , Hui Zhenzhen , Ren Xiubao , Liu Liang
Published: July 2024

Objective

Immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, it can also cause immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). This study aimed to develop a clinically practical animal model of irAEs using BALB/c mice.

Methods

Subcutaneous tumors of mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells were generated in inbred BALB/c mice. The mice were treated with programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and cytotoxic t‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) inhibitors once every 3 days for five consecutive administration cycles. Changes in tumor volume and body weight were recorded. Lung computed tomography (CT) scans were conducted. The liver, lungs, heart, and colon tissues of the mice were stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining to observe inflammatory infiltration and were scored. Serum samples were collected, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of ferritin, glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (ALT), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Mouse liver and lung cell suspensions were prepared, and changes in macrophages, T cells, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory (Treg) cells were detected by flow cytometry.

Results

Mice treated with PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 inhibitors showed significant reductions in tumor volume and body weight. The tissue inflammatory scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Lung CT scans of mice in the experimental group showed obvious inflammatory spots. Serum levels of ferritin, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and ALT were significantly elevated in the experimental group. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a substantial increase in CD3+T cells, Treg cells, and macrophages in the liver and lung tissues of mice in the experimental group compared with the control group, and the change trend of MDSCs was opposite.

Conclusions

The irAE‐related animal model was successfully established in BALB/c mice using a combination of PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 inhibitors through multiple administrations with clinical translational value and practical. This model offers valuable insights into irAE mechanisms for further investigation.
The impact of immersive and flow experiences on consumer participation in hyper‐connected shopping platforms: A metaverse perspective
Authors: Zhong Zeling , Hamouda Manel
Published: July 2024

Consumers find it increasingly compelling to immerse themselves in the metaverse, a trend that will likely continue. Although the metaverse has retailing potential, understanding empirically its effects on consumer behavior is still underexplored. Our study investigating consumer interactions in this hyper‐connected shopping environment uses scenario‐based data from 262 consumers and a multimethod quantitative approach to examine the integrative behavioral model, revealing consumer perceptions of metaverse affordances, their impact on self‐efficacy, and the role of trust, immersion, and flow experiences in participation in metaverse shopping platforms. Perceived enjoyment emerges as a critical driver of consumer participation. This study provides convincing empirical evidence of the drivers specific to consumer metaverse experiences, going beyond the current understanding of consumer behavior in the metaverse shopping context, mainly at the conceptual level. The findings provide actionable insights for metaverse practitioners to enhance consumer engagement.
Chemical Diversity, Pharmacology, Synthesis and Detection of Naturally Occurring Peroxides
Authors: Eka Ningrum Nindya , Cahyaning Rahamjnhyu Dyah Utami , Dianhar Hanhan , Wongso Hendris , Keller Paul A. , Satia Nugraha Ari
Published: July 2024

Natural occurring peroxides are interesting bioprospecting targets due to their molecular structural diversity and the wide range of pharmacological activities. In this systematic review, a total of 123 peroxide compounds were analysed from 99 published papers with the compounds distributed in 31 plants, 18 animals and 41 microorganisms living in land and water ecosystems. The peroxide moiety exists as both cyclic and acyclic entities and can include 1,2‐dioxolanes, 1,2‐dioxane rings and common secondary metabolites with a peroxo group. These peroxides possessed diverse bioactivities including anticancer, antimalarial, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective, adipogenic suppressor, antituberculosis, anti‐melanogenic and anti‐coagulant agents. Biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms of most endoperoxides have not been well established. Method development in peroxide detection has been a challenging task requiring multidisciplinary investigation and exploration on peroxy‐containing secondary metabolites are necessary.
Exploring the Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Rhoifolin Isolated from Teucrium Polium on Rats’ Lungs Exposed to Tobacco Smoke
Authors: Al‐Shalabi Eveen , Sunoqrot Suhair , Al‐Zuhd Thanaa , Alshehada Rahaf S. , Ibrahim Ali I. M. , Hammad Alaa M.
Published: July 2024

Cigarette smoking exacerbates respiratory diseases, while plant‐derived polyphenols offer antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory benefits. This study exploresd the effects of Rhoifolin (ROF), a polyphenol from Jordanian Teucrium polium, on lung health in rats exposed to tobacco smoke. Male rats were divided into two groups: one exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), and the other to ROF treatment alongside smoke exposure (CS/ROF). ROF was administered orally for 21 days before smoke exposure. Results showed smoke‐induced lung inflammation and oxidative stress, mitigated by ROF treatment. Histological examination revealed smoke‐related morphological changes in lung tissue. ROF treatment reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by decreased proinflammatory cytokines. In silico docking demonstrated ROF's potential as an inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokines. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of ROF and similar polyphenols in mitigating the harmful effects of cigarette smoke on lung health.
Synthesis of Para‐Acetylated Functionalized Ni(II)‐POCOP Pincer Complexes and Their Cytotoxicity Evaluation Against Human Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Sánchez‐Mora Arturo , Briñez Edwin , Pico Alejandro , González‐Sebastián Lucero , Antonio Cruz‐Navarrro J. , Arenaza‐Corona Antonino , Puentes‐Díaz Nicolás , Alí‐Torres Jorge , Reyes‐Márquez Viviana , Morales‐Morales David
Published: July 2024

A series of three Ni(II)‐POCOP complexes para‐functionalized with an acetoxyl fragment were synthesized. All complexes (2 a–c) were fully characterized through standard analytical techniques. The molecular structure of complex 2 b was unambiguously determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, revealing that the metal center is situated in a slightly distorted square‐planar environment. Additionally, the acetoxy fragment at the para‐position of the phenyl ring was found to be present. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of all complexes was assessed on six human cancer cell lines. Notably, complex 2 b exhibited selective activity against K‐562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia) and MCF‐7 (mammary adenocarcinoma) with IC50 values of 7.32±0.60 μM and 14.36±0.02 μM, respectively. Furthermore, this compound showed negligible activity on the healthy cell line COS‐7, highlighting the potential therapeutic application of 2 b. The cytotoxic evaluations were further complemented with molecular docking calculations to explore the potential biological targets of complex 2 b, revealing interactions with cluster differentiation protein 1a (CD1 A, PDB: 1xz0) for K‐562 and with the progesterone receptor for MCF‐7.
Bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl)amine‐Based DPP‐4 Inhibitors Potentially Suitable for Combating Diabetes and Associated Nervous System Alterations
Authors: Tomović Pavlović Katarina , Ilić Budimir S. , Leitzbach Luisa , Anichina Kameliya K. , Yancheva Denitsa , Živković Aleksandra , Mavrova Anelia Ts , Stark Holger , Šmelcerović Andrija
Published: July 2024

Bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl)amine scaffold is not present in dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors published so far. Herein, the inhibitory potential of bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl)amine derivatives against DPP‐4 was evaluated. In non‐competitive inhibition mode, three representatives 5, 6, and 7 inhibited DPP‐4 in vitro with IC50 values below 50 μM. The assessed binding pocket of DPP‐4 for these benzimidazoles includes the S2 extensive subsite's residues Phe357 and Arg358. None of the lead compounds showed cytotoxicity to human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells at concentrations lower than 10 μM. None showed significant binding affinity at dopamine D2, D3, and histamine H1, H3 receptors, at concentrations lower than 10 μM, leading to preferable outcomes due to mutually opposite effects of these neurotransmitters on each other. The potential beneficial effects on dopamine synthesis and the survival of dopaminergic neurons could be mediated by DPP‐4 inhibition. These effective noncompetitive DPP‐4 inhibitors, with inhibitory potential better than reference diprotin A (relative inhibitory potency compared to diprotin A is 3.39 and 1.54 for compounds 7 and 5, respectively), with the absence of cytotoxicity to SH‐SY5Y cells, are valuable candidates for further evaluation for the treatment of diabetes and associated disruption of neuronal homeostasis.
Cyclopeptide Inhibitors Target the N‐Terminal Tail of STING and Alleviate Autoinflammation
Authors: Wang Xiaoquan , Cao Anqi , Zheng Wenlv , Quan Junmin
Published: July 2024

Cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway is a crucial component of innate immunity that plays a vital role in protecting against pathogen infections and cellular stress. However, aberrant activation of cGAS‐STING pathway is related to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here, we developed cyclopeptide STING inhibitors by cyclizing the N‐terminal tail (NTT) of STING. These cyclopeptides selectively inhibited the activation of STING pathway in human or murine cell lines. Mechanistically, the inhibitors directly bound to STING, and subsequently blocked the aggregation and activation of STING. In addition, the optimal inhibitor STi‐2 significantly suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production and systemic inflammation in Trex1−/− mice. Overall, our work facilitates the development of specific inhibitors of STING as potential therapies for cGAS‐STING associated autoinflammatory diseases.
Tuning Energetics of 2 e−/2H+ PCET Properties with Model Ru‐bisamido Complexes
Authors: Cattaneo Mauricio , Gallmeier Elisabeth T. , Abate Pedro O. , Mercado Brandon Q. , Mayer James M.
Published: July 2024

Most redox processes that break/form bonds involve net 2e− changes, and many are coupled to protons. Yet most proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) studies focus on 1e−/1H+ reactions. Reported here is a family of molecular models that undergo tunable 2e−/2H+ redox changes. Complexes [(X2bpy)RuII(en*)2](PF6)2 and [(X2bpy)RuIV(en*‐H)2](PF6)2 have been synthesized with bpy=2,2’‐bipyridine with 4,4’‐subtitutions X=−NMe2, −OMe, −Me, −H, −CF3; and en*=2,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐butanediamine. They have been characterized by IR, UV‐vis, and NMR spectroscopies, XRD, electrochemistry, mass spectrometry, DFT and (TD)DFT computations. The introduction of electron‐withdrawing and donating groups at the 4,4’‐position of the bpy ligand affects the complexes’ redox potentials, pKa’s, and Bond Dissociation Free Energies (BDFEs) of the N−H bonds in the en* ligands. The average BDFEs for the overall 2e−/2H+ PCET span over 5 kcal/mol. Notably, these complexes all show marked potential inversion over an extended range, ΔpKa>25 units and ΔE0>1.4 V. Potential inversion remains despite the electronic influence of bpy's substitutions which regulate N−H properties several bonds apart by trans‐effect over dπ‐molecular orbitals at the Ru center. The experimental and computational results presented in this work support the presence of strong coupling between electrons and protons, for modelling insights of 2e−/2H+ transfer reactivity.
Dimethylene‐Cyclopropanide Units as Building Blocks for Fluorescence Dyes
Authors: Yanbaeva Margarita , Soyka Jan , Holthoff Jana M. , Rietsch Philipp , Engelage Elric , Ruff Adrian , Resch‐Genger Ute , Weiss Robert , Eigler Siegfried , Huber Stefan M.
Published: July 2024

Many organic dyes are fluorescent in solution. In the solid state, however, quenching processes often dominate, hampering material science applications such as light filters, light‐emitting devices, or coding tags. We show that the dimethylene‐cyclopropanide scaffold can be used to form two structurally different types of chromophores, which feature fluorescence quantum yields up to 0.66 in dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.53 in solids. The increased fluorescence in the solid state for compounds bearing malonate substituents instead of dicyanomethide ones is rationalized by the induced twist between the planes of the cyclopropanide core and a pyridine ligand.
Estimation of the additive hazards model based on case‐cohort interval‐censored data with dependent censoring
Authors: Ma Yuqing , Wang Peijie , Lou Yichen , Sun Jianguo ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2024

The additive hazards model is one of the most commonly used models for regression analysis of failure time data, and many methods have been developed for its estimation. In this article, we consider the situation where one observes informatively interval‐censored data arising from case‐cohort studies where covariate information is collected only for a small subcohort of study subjects. By informative or dependent censoring, we mean that the failure time of interest and the censoring mechanism may be correlated. For estimation, we will develop a sieve inverse probability weighting estimation procedure with the use of Bernstein polynomials. The resulting estimators of regression parameters are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. An extensive simulation study is conducted and suggests that the proposed method works well in practical situations. An example is also provided.
Design of MOF‐Based Solar Evaporators With Hierarchical Microporous/Nanobridged/Nanogranular Structures for Rapid Interfacial Solar Evaporation and Fresh Water Collection
Authors: Li Lingxiao , Chen Kai , Zhang Jiaren , Zhang Junping
Published: July 2024

Interfacial solar evaporation (ISE) holds considerable promise to solve fresh water shortage, but it is challenging to achieve high evaporation rate (Reva) and fresh water yield in close system. Here, we report design and preparation of MOF‐based solar evaporators with hierarchical microporous/nanobridged/nanogranular structures for rapid ISE and fresh water collection in close system. The evaporators are fabricated by growing silicone nanofilaments with variable length as nanobridges on a microporous silicone sponge followed by grafting with polydopamine nanoparticles and Cu‐MOF nanocrystals. Integration of the unique structure and excellent photothermal composites endows the evaporators with high Reva of 3.5–20 wt % brines (3.60–2.90 kg m−2 h−1 in open system and 2.38–1.44 kg m−2 h−1 in close system) under simulated 1 sun, high Reva under natural sunlight, excellent salt resistance and high fresh water yield, which surpass most state‐of‐the‐art evaporators. Moreover, when combined with a superhydrophilic cover, the evaporators show much higher average Reva of real seawater, remarkable fresh water yield and excellent long‐term stability over one month continuous ISE under natural sunlight. The findings here will promote the development of advanced evaporators via microstructure engineering and their real‐world ISE applications.