bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BEATS IN TIME ACROSS MUSIC AND LANGUAGE
Authors: Reich Uli , Rohrmeier Martin
Published: September 2024

We discuss the possibility of a common abstract representation of time structures in an extended model of Autosegmental-Metrical Phonology for music and language, understanding both as communicative sound systems that rely on cognitive faculties shared by all human beings. Thus, the article is concerned with prominence and timing and their functions in linguistic and musical structures. First, we review the core characteristics of musical rhythm; second, we turn to review a range of linguistic configurations of time and prominence; third, we propose a new Autosegmental-Metrical account across music and language; and fourth, we conclude with a discussion of cognitive implications and the identification of some research topics that we hope to clarify in our theoretical perspective.
Remembrance with gazes passed: Eye movements precede continuous recall of episodic details of real-life events
Authors: Levine Brian , Diamond Nicholas B , Armson Michael , Liu Zhung-Xu , Wang Yushu , Ryan Jennifer D. , Barker Ryan
Published: September 2024

Autobiographical memory entails reconstructing the visual features of past events. Eye movements are associated with vivid autobiographical recollection, but this research has yet to capitalize on the high temporal resolution of eye-tracking data. We aligned eye movement data with participants’ simultaneous free recall of a verified real-life event, allowing us to assess the temporal correspondence of saccades to production of episodic and non-episodic narrative content at the millisecond level. Eye movements reliably predicted subsequent episodic – but not non-episodic – details by 250-1100 ms, suggesting that they facilitate episodic recollection by reinstating spatiotemporal context during vivid recollection. Assessing the relationship of oculomotor responses to naturalistic memory informs theory as well as diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving pathological recollection, such as Alzheimer’s disease and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive-disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant outcome data from sham-controlled trials
Authors: Cohen Sem , Niemeijer Marisa , van Wingen Guido , Zantvoord Jasper , Denys Damiaan , Mocking Roel
Published: September 2024

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical intervention for severe, treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we conducted the first meta-analysis using individual participant outcome data, comparing DBS to sham-stimulation in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and systematically evaluated adverse events and methodological trial quality. We conducted a comprehensive systematic search in multiple databases and included randomized-controlled trials comparing DBS with sham in adult patients with OCD. We obtained YBOCS data for individual participants and performed a two-stage random-effects meta-analysis. Nine RCTs with small sample sizes were included, resulting in a total sample of 91 patients. Meta-analysis of showed a decrease of 5.1 YBOCS points in favor of DBS compared to sham (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3 – 7.9, 0.56 Hedges’ g). OR was 5.7, 95% CI 2.2 - 15), with a NNT of 3.3. Efficacy of studies that optimized DBS parameters was much higher than that of non-optimized studies (beta 5.1, 95% CI 0.59 – 9.5, p-value 0.026). Adverse events occurred during surgery, active and sham trial phases, and follow-up, with hypomania and cognitive problems being the most frequently reported stimulation-related adverse events. Concluding, we found a significant effect of DBS compared to sham in treating OCD, especially after DBS parameter optimization. However, the quality of evidence was low, and heterogeneity was high. More rigorous sham-controlled evidence could further improve credibility of DBS for OCD.PROSPERO-registration number: CRD42024546836
Effects of motivated emotion regulation on downstream memory for and affective responses to re-encountered stimuli
Authors: Asmar Alyssa , Chiew Kimberly Sarah
Published: September 2024

Emotion regulation is integral to well-being and adaptive behavior. Differing regulation strategies have important downstream consequences, with evidence suggesting that reappraisal use can improve memory and reduce emotional reactivity to previously-regulated stimuli. Reappraisal is cognitively demanding and dependent on prefrontal-based cognitive control processes typically enhanced by motivation. We recently demonstrated that motivational incentives increased reappraisal use and decreased negative affect during emotion regulation. It is currently unknown how incentive manipulations of emotion regulation affects later memory and affective response: some accounts suggest that motivation boosts memory relatively automatically, via dopaminergic input to hippocampus, while others suggest motivated memory might depend on control allocation at encoding. In a 2-day online study, we examined how motivated emotion regulation relates to downstream memory and affect. Participants completed an emotion regulation task under baseline and motivation conditions, with recognition memory and affect examined ~24-hours later. Surprisingly, for stimuli encountered under incentive, memory decreased, challenging the hypothesis that motivational enhancements of memory occur automatically. Additionally, Day 2 affect did not significantly differ for stimuli encountered in baseline and motivational contexts, suggesting that incentive-related affective benefits were short-lived. In contrast, reappraisal predicted increased memory and reduced negative affect upon re-encounter. Individual differences in habitual reappraisal did not amplify these benefits. These results suggest that incentive may have promoted global, diffuse changes in affect, independent from regulatory control processes also leading to affective change. Further characterization of these multiple pathways will be important for advancing a mechanistic understanding of emotion regulation and its consequences across motivational contexts.
Behavioral Interventions Motivate Action to Address Climate Change
Authors: Sinclair Alyssa Hannah , Cosme Danielle , Lydic Kirsten , Reinero Diego A. , Carreras-Tartak José , Mann Michael , Falk Emily B.
Published: September 2024

Mitigating climate change requires mass action. However, individuals may fail to act because they perceive climate change as a threat that is distant or not personally-relevant, or believe their actions are not impactful. To address these psychological barriers, we conducted a large-scale “intervention tournament.” In a sample of 7,624 participants, we systematically tested 17 interventions that targeted psychological mechanisms described by three key themes: Self- and Social-Relevance, Future Thinking, and Action Impact. Interventions that emphasized social relevance were the most effective for motivating people to share news articles and petitions about climate change. Interventions that targeted future thinking were the most effective for broadly motivating individual actions (e.g., driving less, eating vegetarian meals) and collective actions (e.g., donating, volunteering) to address climate change. Interventions that emphasized the environmental impact of these actions reliably increased the perceived impact of pro-environmental actions, but did not consistently motivate action. Notably, interventions that targeted two or more mechanisms—such as imagining a future scenario that involved oneself or close others—were most effective. Importantly, our leading interventions were substantially more effective than prevalent existing strategies (e.g., carbon footprint information). Our findings are relevant to theories of behavior change, motivation, and information sharing, with potential applications across domains. Insights from our tournament could be applied to develop scalable online interventions and mass communication campaigns to address climate change.
Legitimation as linchpin: On Raewyn Connell’s changing conceptualization of ‘hegemonic masculinity’
Authors: Messeschmidt James W. , Bridges Tristan
Published: September 2024

The concept of hegemonic masculinity maintains a distinctive status within the social sciences and humanities. Yet there never has been an examination of Connell’s changing conceptualizationof the term throughout her scholarship, and specifically when and why she integrated ‘legitimation’ into her definition of hegemonic masculinity. The authors address this oversight by providing a detailed retrospective on the concept from its embryonic conceptualizations to its eventual reformulation. Within this historical assessment, the authors further consider Connell’s broader feminist theory of gender and how legitimation of the hegemonic masculinity/emphasized femininity relationship is central to that theory. The concepts of hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity and the theory in which they areembedded developed in tandem over time. The paper emphasizes that during this dual development, legitimation of unequal gender relations became the theoretical linchpin for conceptualizing hegemonic masculinity and eventually its relationship to emphasized femininity as a part of Connell’s larger gender theory. The paper also demonstrates that over time Connell progressively changed the meaning of hegemonic masculinity in significant ways and concludes with a discussion of recent ‘legitimation processes’ that have appeared in the literature, and how each contributes unique ways of conceptualizing the legitimation of unequal gender relations.
Body Image Dissatisfaction in the Contemporary Society: A Case Study of Nepali Youths
Authors: Manisha Khadga Yadav
Published: September 2024

People in recent times have become more focused on their body. They find a clear connection of their personality with their physical looks. Also, they attach their appearance or body-image with popular celebrities. In case people find their body image as good, they become satisfied, but if they find it below the 'ideal' type, they become upset. This practice of comparison indicates that people make negative remarks to their own body. Positive body image includes self-satisfaction with the appearance in terms of a given shape, size and weight of a body while negative body image means the dissatisfaction with shape, size and weight of body, and a perceived feeling of loss of sexuality. Notwithstanding the historical trend of women being more conscious of their preserved beauty, modern men have also been anxious of their body image and tried to be manly. This paper tries to explore what do people think about their bodies, how do they perceive their below-average body, what efforts they do make to change their average- or below-average body into a good-looking body, and how do they convert negative body image into a positive one. It finally argues that the labeling of own body is important for both men and women not only to learn types of bodies but also to adapt to them.
Phenomenal Woman: A Catalyst for Dismantling Patriarchal Norms
Authors: Shrestha Surachhya
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to analyze Maya Angelou’s poem “Phenomenal Woman” as a catalyst for challenging conventional beauty norms and empowering women within the context of patriarchal structures. The main objective of this paper is to examine how the poem disrupts traditional perceptions of beauty and cultivates empowerment among women. This is a qualitative research; descriptive and analytical research design has been followed. The required information for the study has been gathered both from primary and secondary sources. The primary source of data is Maya Angelou’s poem “Phenomenal Woman”. Likewise, secondary data sources consist of books, journal articles, dictionary, encyclopedias, videos, and web browsers related to the works of Maya Angelou. Through a feminist lens, the paper analyzes the poem’s themes, language, and narrative to unveil the ways in which it challenges and defies traditional gender roles, promoting female empowerment and autonomy. The researcher also employs a close reading approach, which involves a detailed and in-depth examination of a particular text. This method focuses on understanding the language, structure, tone, style and figurative expressions of the poem. Lastly, the research questions have been answered. The key finding in the poem is celebration of womanhood, emphasis on inner strength, self-acceptance, confidence, women empowerment, and the beauty that goes beyond societal expectations.
Rana Tharu of Western Nepal: Celebrating Cultural Pride and Social Unity
Authors: Kalauni Mukund Ballabh
Published: September 2024

This research paper discusses the main customs of the Rana community residing in Kailali and Kanchanpur districts of western Nepal and their social significance. The heritage of Rana culture, and rituals along with their festivals and tradition have fostered social unity which mark their agrarian lifestyle. This research aims to describe the cultural identity of Rana community and its societal contributions. A qualitative research approach was adopted for this study, utilizing the historical and observational methods for the data collection. While secondary data have been used where applicable, primary data is primarily based on interviews, active participation, and field visits. Among the sixteen main rituals found in the Hindu community, the Rana community primarily practices four significant rituals. Additionally, the Rana community uniquely practices singing mourning songs after a person's death. The local traditions and customs prevalent in the Rana community play an essential role in fostering unity within society. Moreover, the rituals of the Rana community are mainly associated with agriculture, as it is their primary occupation.
Evaluasi User Experience Pada Pengguna Aplikasi Maxim Indonesia Menggunakan Metode User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ)
Authors: Adli Muhammad Rifqi , Wahyudin Wahyudin , Bahri Syamsul
Published: September 2024

Pengalaman pengguna (User Experience) merupakan aspek yang sangat penting dalam kesuksesan sebuah aplikasi. Pengguna yang memiliki pengalaman positif dengan sebuah aplikasi cenderung akan lebih sering menggunakan aplikasi dan lebih mungkin merekomendasikannya kepada orang lain. Oleh karena itu evaluasi terhadap pengalaman pengguna pada suatu aplikasi merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa pengguna memiliki pengalaman yang baik dan memuaskan. Metode evaluasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah User Experience Questionnaire. Adapun aspek-aspek yang dievaluasi meliputi Attractiveness (daya tarik), Perspicuity (kejelasan), Efficiency (efisiensi), Dependability (ketepatan), Stimulation (stimulasi), Novelty (kebaruan). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa penelitian ini berhasil mengevaluasi pengalaman pengguna pada aplikasi Maxim Indonesia menggunakan User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). Berdasarkan hasil benchmark didapatkan nilai pada masing-masing aspek UEQ dengan menggunakan UEQ Data Analysis Tool meliputi aspek attractiveness (mean 1,19), aspek perspicuity (mean 1,31), aspek efficiency (mean 1,21), aspek dependability (mean 1,14), aspek stimulation (mean 1,15), aspek novelty (mean 0,95) sehingga mendapatkan nilai above average (diatas rata-rata). Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi juga penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan kepada aplikasi Maxim Indonesia untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna melalui area yang perlu diperbaiki meliputi efficiency, dependability stimulation dan novelty dengan tujuan mendapatkan nilai positif yang lebih tinggi dari pengguna aplikasi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka penelitian ini berhasil memberikan kontribusi penting dalam meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna pada aplikasi Maxim Indonesia dan memberikan panduan untuk perbaikan yang lebih lanjut guna mencapai tingkat kepuasan yang lebih baik.
Reirradiation for De novo Anorectal Cancers in Patients with a History of Prostate Radiation Therapy: Dosimetric Considerations and Practical Radiation Planning Techniques
Authors: Kim Neal
Published: September 2024

This case report examines the treatment planning approach for patients receiving anorectal radiotherapy with a history of prostate radiotherapy. Three cases are presented: two of these patients received prior 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions via external beam radiation therapy, where one proceeded to obtain a cone-down of 30.6 Gy in 17 fractions, while the other received 100 Gy of low-dose-rate brachytherapy; the third patient only received prior low-dose-rate brachytherapy to an unknown dose due to absent prior planning records. This paper explores the unique challenges this reirradiation setting poses, outlines treatment planning strategies to overcome these obstacles, and reviews retreatment dose constraints from the literature.
The Potential Benefits of Pegylated Erythropoietin in Lowering Anemia in Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors:   Department of Central Research and Innovation, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, At and Po, Piparia, Ta. Waghodia, District Vadodara-391760, India, RATHI Suresh Kumar
Published: September 2024

Background: The clinical debut of erythropoiesis-stimulating medicines (ESAs) radically altered anaemia care. The effect of erythropoietin (EPO), pegylated erythropoietin and mircera on anaemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients receiving continuous haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or no dialysis was studied in this retrospective analysis. Methods: The retrospective analysis comprised of 490 CKD patients with erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness who were either on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis or not on dialysis. The patients’ records were separated into three groups: (a) those with CKD 3-5 (without dialysis), (b) those on haemodialysis, and (c) those on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Serum ferritin, haemoglobin, and transferrin saturation were measured. Serum ferritin was determined using a two-site sandwich immunoassay based on direct chemiluminometric technique, which employs two antiferritin antibodies at constant concentrations that are collated and statistically observed using bivariate analysis. Result: The participants’ mean ages were 46.9±20.4, 60.5±9.7, and 48.2±10.1 years for peritoneal dialysis patients, CKD patients on haemodialysis, and CKD 3-5 patients without dialysis, respectively. In all categories, hypertension was the most common cause of CKD, followed by type 2 diabetes. Patients on peritoneal dialysis have higher haemoglobin (Hb) levels than patients on haemodialysis (P 0.016), but there is no statistically significant difference between patients on peritoneal dialysis and patients not on dialysis. The analysis revealed that there was a substantial increase in Hb from 8.8±1.2 to 10.9±1.2 g/dl in all groups (p 0.05). Conclusion: Pegylated erythropoietin outperforms mircera in overcoming erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness and maintaining stable haemoglobin levels in dialysis-dependent CKD patients. This is a retrospective analysis hence it may not reflect the true status of the population and is less likely to generalise the findings; consequently, more research is needed.
Socio-Economic Consequences of Urban Sprawl on Agricultural Communities in Bara Kahu Islamabad
Authors: Younu Samina , Chaudhry Abid Ghafoor
Published: September 2024

Over the last few decades, urban sprawling and agricultural land consumption has been out of control in Pakistan. Pakistan is one of the most rapid urbanizing countries in South Asia. The present study examined the issue of urban expansion in Bara Kahu Islamabad Pakistan, relating the expansion of urban sprawl, loss of agricultural land, and evolution of new socioeconomic impacts on agricultural societies. This study identifies the socioeconomic drivers. Explanatory and qualitative research designs and unstructured questionnaires were used to collect data. A sample of 30 respondents was taken from the population using snowball sampling. Urban sprawl leads to demographic change which leads the younger population to shift to urban areas in search of better economic opportunities, jobs, and employment this leads to aging farmers and a shortage of farm labor. Ultimately, urban sprawl has lots of socioeconomic consequences on agricultural communities, like economic instability, unemployment and health issues. Addressing these issues to make urban planning and policies that balance urbanization with the preservation of agricultural land and rural livelihood.
Language and Ideology: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Comparative Study of Headlines of Urdu Newspapers of Pakistan
Authors: Marwari Badal Ram , Bilal Arjumand , Khan Umair Ahmed
Published: September 2024

The present study is the comparative analysis of headlines of Urdu newspaper of Pakistan, particularly the headlines which have appeared in more than one newspaper with different linguistic features and different word choice to reveal different ideologies or agendas. The study has investigated that different newspapers have different choice of words in their headlines. The study on the comparative analysis of discourse appeared in different Urdu newspapers of Pakistan have been conducted. The data was collected from Urdu newspapers and have been analyzed qualitatively with respect to textual and contextual analysis using different strategies like word choice, power dynamics, referential strategies, framing and agenda setting, ideological standpoint, language as power, language competence, power in discourse, power behind discourse, and comparative synchronic analysis. The findings have shown that Media discourse do not happen but are created, framed, and manipulated to serve the purpose of media industry with their hidden agendas.
Electoral Performance of Religio-Political Parties in Pakistan: An Analysis of 1970 Elections
Authors: Yaqoob Umer
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to analyze the electoral performance of religio-political parties in Pakistan with special reference to the first general elections of 1970 held on the basis of adult franchise. This paper seeks to answer the following questions at length to what extent were religio-political parties able to change their supporters into their voters in the 1970 elections, and to what extent did their election campaign and their manifestos reflect the ideological position of religio-political parties with the aim to make Pakistan an ideal Islamic state according to their political vision and what was the impact of sectarian affiliations of religio-political parties on their election performance. To get the answer to these questions a comprehensive analysis of three leading religio-political parties of Pakistan namely Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam(JUI), and Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan(JUP) is presented in this paper. Similarly, the political positioning of Shias during the elections of 1970 is also discussed.
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Gilgit-Baltistan: Regional Prospects, 2015-2020
Authors: Niaz Nayab , Raza Sikandar , Tahir Shahab
Published: September 2024

The inauguration of the CPEC in 2015 marked a new phase in interconnectivity for China and Pakistan. Gilgit- Baltistan is significant in this context because it is situated between the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges. This strategically vital but breathtakingly beautiful area would combine the Gwadar seaport with the heartland of Xinjiang. On the other hand, the CPEC might provide them benefits at the cost of the environment and the rights of indigenous people. Gilgit-Baltistan emerged as a CPEC benefactor and a battlefield of the interplay between socio-political challenges, environmental stewardship, and economic prospects. This is powered by discourses concerning just growth, cultural identity, and regional stability. Ensuring local empowerment, ecological integrity, and the needs of the growing economy have to be kept in a delicate balance as Gilgit-Baltistan goes through modernization in its global infrastructure and geopolitical dynamics.
Unpacking the Students’ Experiences in Pakistan: Analyzing the Pursuit of Excellence in Teaching Practices at Higher Education Level
Authors: - Asadullah , Farooqi Muhammad Tahir Khan , Saleem Khalid
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to determine students’ insights about quality teaching practices in higher education. The target population of this study was all the students of Punjab province public sector general universities. Using a multistage sampling technique, the researchers randomly selected 1100 students from six public sector universities. A self-developed Questionnaire comprising of 38 items with seven indicators of quality teaching was used for data collection. The study concluded that students perceive that their teachers and institutions employ quality teaching practices across various factors, including managerial competencies, pedagogical skills, professional behavior, and supportive learning environment, availability of resources, student support, and feedback. However, a significant difference was observed based on gender and age. Moreover, male students perceive quality teaching practices more positively than female students. Interestingly, students’ perceptions about quality teaching practices based on their academic program have no significant difference.
AI models for predicting construction disputes in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Kiridana Y.M.W.H.M.R.R.L.J.B. , Abeynayake M.D.T.E. , Eranga B.A.I.
Published: September 2024

Construction disputes pose persistent challenges in Sri Lanka's construction industry, leading to project delays, cost overruns, and strained professional relations. This research seeks to alleviate these issues by introducing an AI-powered predictive model designed to identify and analyse dispute risks at the project's outset. By offering proactive insights, the AI model aims to enhance decision-making and facilitate the implementation of dispute prevention strategies, thereby improving overall project outcomes. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study comprehensively examined project features contributing to disputes within the Sri Lankan context. Quantitative data on project characteristics and their correlation with dispute occurrence were gathered through structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights into dispute causes and stakeholder challenges were obtained via in-depth interviews with industry experts. Through meticulous analysis of this combined data, key predictors of construction disputes were identified, including contract ambiguities, unrealistic timelines, payment delays, poor communication, and unforeseen site conditions. These findings drove the development of a machine learning-based predictive model trained to recognise patterns, predict dispute likelihoods, and suggest their nature based on identified risk factors. This innovative AI tool has the potential to revolutionise dispute management practices in Sri Lanka's construction industry. By providing stakeholders with early warnings of potential disputes, the model enables proactive mitigation strategies, such as enhanced contract drafting, optimised communication, and timely alternative dispute resolution. The long-term impact of this research extends to fostering a more collaborative and sustainable construction industry, ultimately contributing to the successful delivery of projects across Sri Lanka.
Applicability of the atmospheric water generation: the case of hotel industry in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Wijesundara P.M. , Hadiwattage C. , Chandani G.G.N. ,   Department of Facilities Management, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
Published: September 2024

The proliferation of plastic drinking water bottles poses significant environmental, economic, and social challenges globally. In response, many countries are seeking alternative methods to provide safe drinking water. Atmospheric Water Generators (AWGs) have emerged as a promising solution, yet their implementation remains novel, particularly in countries like Sri Lanka. This paper explores the feasibility of implementing AWGs in the hotel industry in Sri Lanka to mitigate reliance on bottled water. Through a comprehensive literature review and quantitative research methodology including questionnaire surveys, the functional requirements, constraints, drivers, barriers, and strategies for AWG implementation were identified and analysed. The findings underscore the critical importance of factors such as low relative humidity, wide temperature range functionality, energy efficiency, water quality, and appropriate design in selecting AWGs. While drivers like higher efficiency, governmental support, and public awareness propel AWG adoption, barriers such as high initial investment, energy consumption, and mineral deficiency pose challenges. Strategies to overcome these barriers include lifecycle cost analysis, renewable energy integration, vendor selection, and mineral supplementation. The research contributes to understanding successful AWG implementation in the Sri Lankan hotel industry, addressing water bottle consumption's environmental and socio-economic impacts. This study highlights the urgency of transitioning to sustainable water solutions and provides practical insights for stakeholders to navigate the implementation of AWGs effectively.
Application of biomimicry concept to improve the sustainability of the construction industry: a literature review
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Silva F.H.Y.D. , Perera B.A.K.S. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Atapattu A.M.D.S. ,   School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia, Jayanetti J.K.D.D.T. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Wijewickrama M.K.C.S. ,   School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia
Published: September 2024

The growing need for urbanisation has resulted in the intense development of the construction industry, which has negatively impacted the conservation of the environment. In this regard, to preserve the ecosystems, the concept of sustainable development was introduced, however, the effectiveness of the existing sustainability practices in the construction industry is at a questionable level. Meanwhile, the evolving concept of biomimicry, which inspires and learns from natural processes, has proven the capacity to achieve sustainable parameters when incorporated into construction processes. Yet, there is a noticeable gap in applying the biomimicry concept to improve the sustainability of the construction industry. Therefore, this study aims to comprehend the applicability of the biomimicry concept in improving the sustainability of the construction industry. Accordingly, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on existing studies related to the biomimicry concept. The content analysis method was used to analyse the collected data. The findings suggested that the biomimicry concept can contribute to sustainable parameters such as material efficiency, energy efficiency and zero-waste concept. Accordingly, this study reveals the potential to improve the sustainability of the construction industry by comprehending the application of the biomimicry concept in detail. In this regard, the study discovers the enablers, barriers and strategies for biomimicry application in the construction industry. Accordingly, this study contributes to the theory and bridges the knowledge gap in utilising biomimicry applications to enhance the sustainability of the construction industry. It demonstrates how various biomimicry inspirations can positively impact sustainable parameters such as material efficiency, energy efficiency, and zero waste, thereby revealing the concept's applicability in developing a sustainable built environment.
Exploratory study on adaptability of wall-mounted solar panels for high-rise buildings in Sri Lanka
Authors:   QS Practice (Pvt) Ltd, Sri Lanka, Yahanpath Ravindu , Wijekoon W.M.C.L.K. ,   Department of Quantity Surveying, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka, Kumarathunga Janani Uvasara ,   Nawaloka Constructions Company (Pvt) Ltd, Sri Lanka
Published: September 2024

The global energy crisis and the unsustainable resource consumption patterns of the construction industry has driven a growing interest in sustainable practices. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, has emerged as a key strategy to achieve sustainability goals. While various applications of solar systems exist, wall-mounted solar panels have not been widely utilised in Sri Lanka, and no prior research has been conducted on this topic in the country. This study acts as an exploratory study which aims to investigate the feasibility and adaptability of implementing wall-mounted solar panels in high-rise buildings in Sri Lanka. Data was gathered through a comprehensive literature review and semi-structured interviews with experts on solar energy and construction practices. The study found several barriers towards the implementation of wall-mounted solar panels in Sri Lanka. Notably, the effectiveness of the wall-mounted solar panel system was found to be hindered by the path of the sun in Sri Lanka. The absence of proper regulations or Sri Lanka Standards (SLS) specific to wall-mounted solar panels presented an additional challenge. Despite the barriers identified, expert interviews revealed potential strategies to overcome these challenges. The findings of this research study contribute to the understanding of the feasibility of implementing wall-mounted solar panels in high-rise buildings in Sri Lanka, shedding light on the unique context and factors influencing their adoption. This study underscores the importance of considering local factors and developing appropriate regulations to promote sustainable energy practices in the construction industry.
Harnessing nature's blueprint: biomimicry in urban building design for sustainable and resilient cities
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Rahubadda Ashen , Kulatunga Udayangani
Published: September 2024

The increasing urban population and its associated activities significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and exacerbate climate change impacts. Urban areas, particularly susceptible to extreme weather events, face challenges such as heat stress, flooding, air pollution, and water scarcity. In response, the concept of biomimicry, drawing inspiration from nature's functional principles, has gained traction as a viable approach for sustainable urban design. By emulating natural systems and processes, biomimetic solutions offer innovative strategies for addressing environmental challenges at various scales, from single buildings to entire urban areas. This study explores the potential of biomimicry in urban building design to mitigate environmental challenges associated with rapid urbanisation and climate change. Utilising a two-part methodology, the research includes a narrative literature review and a survey of practical case studies to evaluate the benefits of biomimetic concepts in architecture. The literature review provides a comprehensive, critical analysis of current knowledge on biomimicry, while the case studies showcase real-world examples of biomimetic design, such as the Eden Project and Eastgate Centre. Findings demonstrate that biomimicry enhances energy efficiency, reduces Carbon emissions, and increases resilience against extreme weather events. The study concludes that while biomimicry holds great promise for creating sustainable and resilient urban environments, widespread adoption is hindered by limited awareness and education among stakeholders. The research contributes to the field by highlighting the need for increased training and collaboration in biomimicry to fully harness its potential for sustainable urban design.
Impact of corruption on achieving sustainable development goals within Africa’s construction industry
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK, Aderibigbe Abiola , Umeokafor Nnedinma ,   Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, UK, Umar Tariq ,   Architecture and Built Environment, University of West England, UK, Upadhyay Yog ,   Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
Published: September 2024

Corruption is prevalent across the construction industry in developing countries. This is due to converging factors such as (a) the sector’s requirement for substantial capital investment, (b) government involvement, (c) time pressures to deliver new projects in response to the climate crisis and (d) unharmonised and complex regulatory environments. These factors together with access to lucrative contracts, and the presence of rent-seeking ‘gatekeepers’ establish that corruption represents a significant challenge in developing countries. This research undertook a critical and analytical review of the literature and found that thus far, corruption remains a threat to the construction of renewable energy assets in Africa. It also found that despite solutions (anti-corruption strategies) proffered by academics, experts, and institutions including the United Nations, Transparency International and the World Bank, these have had minimal impact. Hence, in Africa, challenges to implement sustainable urbanisation via the construction of renewable energy infrastructure persist. Furthermore, it explored if the creation of a binding duty of good faith via legislation harmonised across Africa could have an impact on corruption. This led to the creation of an assessment framework, and recommendations of empirical investigations including whether harmonised legislation across Africa can reduce corruption within its construction industry. To empower the industry to achieve sustainable development goals, this research was produced to advance the understanding of corruption within Africa’s construction industry on renewable energy infrastructure. This research also addresses the gap in knowledge regarding the possible and plausible impact of the binding duty of good faith on overcoming corruption within Africa’s construction industry.
Influence of behavioural constructs on building practitioner’s minimal compliance with residential building energy performance standards in Australia
Authors:   School of Architecture and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Lu Yi , Karunasena Gayani , Liu Chunlu
Published: September 2024

Energy performance standards for residential buildings are essential in promoting the residential building industry’s energy efficiency. Dwellings are commonly designed at the standards’ minimum compliance level, which puts the industry at risk of achieving its energy-efficiency goal. One of the causes of this minimal compliance is related to building practitioners’ behavioural constructs during the compliance process: Attitudes (ATT), Subjective Norms (SN), Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC) and Personal Norms (PN). This paper aims to investigate how these behavioural constructs influence minimal compliance. The data are drawn from a questionnaire survey of 73 residential building practitioners who actively deal with compliance requirements in the design stage in Australia. A framework predominantly based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour was analysed via structural equation modelling technique to illustrate the influence paths of the behavioural constructs and the extent of the influence. The results show that SN, PBC and PN positively influence behavioural intention, then the intention positively influences minimal compliance outcome. Furthermore, ATT shows the strongest extent in influencing the minimal compliance outcome, while exhibiting the lowest current performance. These findings inform policymakers of suitable interventions to trigger behaviour change toward going beyond minimal compliance. By illustrating the pathways and the degree to which behavioural constructs influence minimal compliance, policymakers can be more effectively guided on appropriate interventions to encourage behaviour change that exceeds minimal compliance.
Lean techniques for project delivery: assessing construction professionals’ level of awareness
Authors:   School of Construction Economics and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, Ikuabe Matthew , Aghimien Douglas ,   Faculty of Arts, Design and Humanities, De Montfort University, UK, Aigbavboa Clinton ,   Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, Oke Ayodeji ,   Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, Ramaru Pretty ,   University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Published: September 2024

Evidence from practice and literature indicates that the South African construction industry faces various challenges. Notably, the traditional methodologies deployed for project delivery continues failing to attain projects’ objectives. Lean construction promotes developing and accomplishing construction projects within its envisaged goals by deploying targeted tools/techniques. Considering the glaring comparative advantage of deploying lean concepts in construction activities, this study assesses the level of awareness of lean techniques among professionals in the South African construction industry. The study adopted a quantitative approach aided by using a well-structured questionnaire that elicited responses from the target respondents. Data analysis methods employed are descriptive and inferential statistics. The study’s findings showed that total quality management, waste elimination, and prefabrication are the most known lean techniques among South African construction professionals. Besides, findings indicated that there is a statistically significant disparity in the knowledge of lean techniques among the professionals in the South African construction industry. Conclusively, the study proffered recommendations that would aid in boosting the awareness and knowledge base of the various lean techniques among professionals for better construction delivery.
Adaptation of green building concept to existing government office buildings in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Facilities Management Integrated, Sri Lanka, Jayoda T.H.S. , Natasha K.A.D.M. ,   Department of Facilities Management, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Rathnayake U. ,   Department of Facilities Management, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
Published: September 2024

At present, the cost spent on constructing, operating, maintaining, and even demolishing buildings has reached an all-time high. When considering a building in operation, 40% to 50% of its costs are the result of energy usage within. Moreover, inefficiently and conventionally constructed buildings contribute to resource wastage in numerous ways, impacting both the environment and society adversely. The Green Building (GB) concept, which is a sustainable development initiative can be considered as a solution as it helps minimise environmental impact and effectively employs resources throughout a building’s lifecycle. It guarantees numerous benefits socially, economically, and environmentally. In Sri Lanka many buildings that operate in the private sector have taken the initiative in implementing the GB concept, however, buildings operating in the government or public sector are lagging. This delay can be attributed to several factors, including insufficient funding, limited awareness, and reliance on outdated technology. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical data from expert interviews and case studies, this research identifies key challenges hindering GB adoption in government sector office buildings in Sri Lanka. Recommendations emphasise the development of a robust framework tailored to government buildings, focusing on regulatory enhancements, stakeholder engagement, and capacity-building initiatives. Such strategies aim to overcome barriers and enhance adoption, fostering sustainability and resilience within the public sector.
Pinpointing project pitfalls: a study of critical risk factors in building construction projects in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Quantity Surveying, Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka, Perera Samindi , Madushan K.V.P. ,   Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom, De Silva G.H.S.P. ,   Department of QS, SLIIT, Sri Lanka
Published: September 2024

The design phase of a construction project sets the layout for the entire endeavour but is prone to different risks. Identifying the impact of such risks may help manage them properly and achieve project objectives. The research aims to determine the effect of risk factors on the performance of building construction projects in Sri Lanka. Identification of risks and their impact was accomplished by administering a questionnaire survey and adopting the quantitative approach. The data analysis contained 42 professional insights based on experience in the design stage of building construction projects. Using a Likert scale analysis, the data was analysed employing descriptive statistical tools such as weighted averages, percentage counts, to name a few. The research findings revealed the existence of design, legal, construction, environmental, financial, management, and political risks during the design stage. The design team faces frequent legal and design risks, notably from insufficient drawings and insolvency issues. Most risks moderately affect time, cost, and quality, except for future budget considerations, which significantly impact cost parameters in Sri Lankan building projects. This study emphasises the need for a keen awareness of risks associated with the design stage to streamline the project with the set project parameters: time, cost, and quality. It sets a parameter for project practitioners engaged in the design stage of building construction projects in Sri Lanka, the level of attention they should pay to risk factors to be within the set parameters of the project.
Role of micro-housing in fulfilling middle-income housing demand in urban areas: Sri Lankan perspective
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Mannapperuma M.M.N. , Disaratna P.A.P.V.D.S. , Illeperuma I.E.
Published: September 2024

Urbanisation and population growth challenge the housing market in urban areas globally. The unavailability of sufficient lands, limited housing spaces, high demand and high housing prices caused housing unaffordability. Consequently, micro-living has been successfully implemented in high-density urban areas worldwide to address housing unaffordability. In Sri Lanka, middle-income households in Colombo are the most vulnerable to housing unaffordability. Accordingly, this research aimed to investigate the suitability of micro-housing to address the issues in middle-income households in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The aim was accomplished through a qualitative approach by collecting data through expert interviews and analysing through content analysis with manual coding. Findings revealed the unavailability of land and high land prices as the major challenges faced by the middle-income housing market in Colombo. Importantly, the findings acknowledged Micro Houses (MHs) and Micro Apartments (MAs) as affordable housing options that effectively address the issues. The demand and the social acceptance of MHs and MAs in Colombo are led by two middle-income groups i.e. (i) youngsters, and (ii) elderly retirees. Herein, ease of maintenance and willingness to modernise were the main positive perceptions. In contrast, limited space and usage of foldable furniture cause negative perceptions. Construction and operation costs of MHs and MAs can be lowered by maximising natural lighting and ventilation and minimising material wastage. However, operational costs will not be changed considerably. Nonetheless, prevailing building codes and regulations barrier the implementation of micro-living in Colombo