bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect Ant-Nest Plant (Myrmecodia pendans) Extract on Streptococcus sanguinis and Treponema denticola Biofilms
Authors: Soviati Nely , Widyarman Armelia Sari , Binartha Ciptadhi Tri Oka
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Ant-nest plant (Myrmecodia pendans) contains triterpenoid, flavonoid, saponin and tannin that acts as antibacterial substance. Objectives: This study’s aim was to analyze the effect of Myrmecodia pendans extract effect towards biofilm of Streptococcus sanguinis and Treponema denticola. Methods: Ant-nest plant was extracted using maceration technique. The obtained extract was diluted into five different concentrations using phosphate buffer saline (PBS). S. sanguinis and T. denticola ATCC 35405 were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, 48h, 37°C, anaerobic atmosphere and distributed into four 96 well-plate for 24h to form biofilm. Subsequently, the extract was distributed into the well that contained the mono-species and multispecies biofilm and then incubated for 1h, 3h, 6h and 24h. Chlorhexidine (0.2%) was used as positive control and BHI broth was used as negative control. The biofilm was stained using crystal-violet and measured by microplate reader with a wavelength of 490 nm. Data were statistically analyze using one-way ANOVA test and Post Hoc LSD test which p < 0,05 was set as significant difference. Result: The most effective concentrations to reduce mono-species biofilm were 100% in 1h incubation period for S. sanguinis (OD = 1,403 ± 0,019) and 24h for T. denticola (OD = 1,012 ± 0,037) and multispecies biofilm (OD = 0,984 ± 0,001) compared to negative control. Statistical analysis showed that ant-nest plant extract significantly reduced S. sanguinis, T. denticola and multispecies biofilm mass compared to negative control (p < 0,05). Conclusion: The ant-nest plant extract has inhibitory effects against S. sanguinis and T. denticola biofilm and it may be used as alternative for dental therapy. Future studies are needed to evaluate the potential of ant-nest plant extract in multispecies composed of other oral bacteria.
Overview of the Total Bacteria and Number of Streptococcus mutans in the Saliva of Children with High Caries Activity
Authors: Hardini Yanis Natasya Putri , Putriany Agustin Tri
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Microorganisms play a crucial role in the early stage of caries. Streptococcus mutans produces lactic acid, which enhances the risk of caries.  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique used in the amplification and replication of DNA. PCR exhibits high specificity and a rapid detection time, as well as differentiation between microorganisms. Based on a previous study, there is a significant correlation between S. mutans in saliva and the prevalence of caries. Objectives: To provide an overview of the total bacteria and number of S. mutans in the saliva of children aged between 5 and 10 years at the Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: Saliva sample from children (n = 28, aged 5-10 years old) was collected from healthy children. 2-3 mL of a saliva samples were collected and cultured by using TYS media for total bacterial count. The number of S. mutans in the saliva of these children was counted by real-time PCR methods by using a fluorescence chemical compound green SYBR using 16S rRNA gene specific primers for S. mutans. Results: The average number of total bacterial colony count in saliva was 9.965 ± 2.078 log10 CFU/mL, and the average number of S. mutans in the saliva of children was 8.303 ± 2.351 log10 CFU/mL. Conclusion: The number of S. mutans in the saliva of children in Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University was categorized is in the high-risk.
Differences in Taste Sensitivity between Vegans and Non-Vegetarians in Palembang, Indonesia
Authors: Abbilardo Takami , Chairani Shanty , Nasution Nursiah
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Many studies have shown that nutritional deficiencies can affect taste sensitivity. One group at high risk of nutritional deficiencies is vegans. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in taste sensitivity between vegans and non-vegetarians in Palembang, Indonesia. Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a quasi-experimental approach. A total of 60 subjects aged 21–45 years were included in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups: vegans (n = 30) and non-vegetarians (n = 30). Taste sensitivity was measured using the filter paper disc method. Five taste qualities (sweet, salt, sour, bitter, and umami) were tested using four different concentrations for each taste quality. The lowest concentrations identified correctly by the subjects were recorded as the taste sensitivity scores. The taste sensitivity scores were subsequently summed to form the taste scores. The data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: The mean values of the sweet, bitter, and umami taste sensitivity scores and the taste score in the vegan group were lower than those in the non-vegetarian group. The mean value of the salt taste sensitivity score in the vegan group was higher than that of the non-vegetarian group, while the mean value in the sour taste sensitivity score was the same for both groups. There were no significant differences in the sweet, salt, sour, bitter, and umami taste sensitivity scores and taste scores of the vegan and non-vegetarian groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The vegans and non-vegetarians in Palembang in this study have differences in taste sensitivity, but these results are not significant.
The Effectiveness Differences Between Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Extract 100% and Carbamide Peroxide Gel 10% in Tooth Whitening (ex vivo)
Authors: Setyawati Any , Nur Syifa Nabila Farah Fauziah
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Discoloration can be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. One of the discoloration treatments is teeth whitening. Teeth whitening process usually uses chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide which can cause side effects, namely gingival irritation. Previous research has found that malic acid in strawberries can whiten teeth. Watermelons contain greater malic acid than strawberries. Objective: To analyze the  effectiveness of 100% watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) extract on teeth whitening. Methods: The study was a laboratory experimental study with a total of 15 anterior post-extraction teeth which were discolored using black tea, divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was immersed in 100% watermelon extract, group 2 was immersed in 10% carbamide peroxide as positive control and group 3 was immersed in sterile aquades as negative control, for 56 hours, measured using a shade guide and spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one way Anova. Results: The 100% watermelon extract was effective for teeth whitening. There was a significant difference between 100% watermelon extract compared to negative control (p < 0.05). However, there was also a significant difference between 100% watermelon extract, and 10% carbamide peroxide gel (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The watermelon extract has the ability as teeth whitening agent. However, further study is still needed to explore this result and determine the proper concentration for teeth whitening.
A Review of the Factors Associated with Periodontal Disease in the Elderly
Authors: Soulissa Abdul Gani
Published: March 2020

The world’s elderly population is growing faster than other age groups. The World Health Organization states that in 2020, Indonesia’s elderly population will reach 11.34% of the total population, or around 28.8 million people. The increasing number of elderly people can be a challenge for clinicians due to the degenerative changes caused by chronic diseases, treatment of chronic diseases, systemic conditions, and oral health care accessibility. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that increase the risk of periodontal disease in the elderly. Over the last few years, a lot of research has focused on identifying the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease as well as the link between periodontal disease and aging. Increased age relates directly and proportionally with increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. Furthermore, an increase in age causes a decrease in motoric function and an increase in comorbidities and their treatments in the elderly. The aging process causes cementum surface irregularities, inhibition of osteoblast activity, and reduction in the number of fibroblasts. Loss of attachment and alveolar bone resorption was affected by frequent exposure to other risk factors. The risk factors that influence the development of periodontal disease in the elderly include systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis, systemic conditions, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and stress, treatment of systemic diseases, and limited access to oral health care. Although the potential link between periodontal disease and systemic disease has been established, the extent of this relationship has not yet been clearly explained. Understanding the factors that influence periodontal disease in the elderly is important because it may provide a better understanding of the treatment. The multiple risk factors that cause periodontal disease in elderly patients require special attention involving multidisciplinary teams.
“The stolen transition” - Conspiracy theories in post-communist and post-democratic Hungary
Authors: Krekó Péter
Published: March 2020

Similar to Poland, Hungary also experienced a peaceful transition from communism to democracy and market economy. The Hungarian Round Table Talks were organized in 1989, following the successful Polish model. While the Round Table Talks were similarly crucial in Hungary and in Poland in paving the way for institutional and political changes, and concluded in a very successful manner for the opposition parties, conspiracy theories similar to those seen in Poland (see Soral and Kofta in this issue) are proliferating in Hungary as well. The article argues that the rejection of the “compromises” around the transition is due to the very nature of populism: it likes black-and-white, Manichean logic. This article briefly introduces the process of the Round Table Talks and summarizes the literature’s findings on the general social psychological impacts of the transitions. Transitions always provide fertile ground for conspiracy theorizing as they are unexpected even with widespread consequences that fall beyond the control of most members of a society. But in Hungary, these conspiracy theories have been politically exploited in order to fuel discontent towards the democratic institutions - and in this way, they were instrumental in the “second transition”, the illiberal de-democratization after 2010.
Archipiélagos coloniales y mexicanos : reimaginando los estudios del Caribe colonial.
Authors: Martínez San Miguel Yolanda , Burgos Mirabal Rafael
Published: March 2020

Este ensayo se enfoca en el archipiélago caribeño como una unidad geopolítica e histórica. El archipiélago usualmente combina grupos de islas y sus redes correspondientes de puertos, fortificaciones, plantaciones y ciudades, así como sus sistemas sociales, culturales y de producción. La primera sección analiza un corpus de mapas diseñados por cartógrafos europeos en los que el Caribe se representa como el “archipiélago de México,” para meditar sobre cómo los archipiélagos coloniales fueron imaginados en el contexto de la competencia entre imperios de los siglos XVII y XVIII. En la segunda parte de este ensayo, estudio un cuento de Tiphanie Yanique, escritora de las Islas Vírgenes estadounidenses, como un ejemplo de cómo el imaginario archipelágico colonial se transforma en un archipiélago decolonial en la literatura del siglo veintiuno. El ensayo concluye con una reflexión sobre las implicaciones y la utilidad de repensar el Caribe y los estudios caribeños desde una perspectiva archipelágica colonial y decolonial.
Reconfiguración de los imaginarios poéticos del archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina : los relatos de Lenito Robinson-Bent y Juan Ramírez Dawkins.
Authors: Builes Vélez Ana Elena , Pérez Peña Melissa
Published: March 2020

Los imaginarios del archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina han estado comúnmente reducidos a la industria hotelera y al turismo, invisibilizando una serie de tradiciones, realidades, emociones, percepciones y vivencias diarias de los pobladores de este territorio. Ante este acallamiento, se unen las voces de los escritores de las islas para permitir, a partir de su apuesta poética, tejer una visión más polifónica y menos estática. Se estudiaron cuatro relatos de los escritores Lenito Robinson–Bent y Juan Ramírez Dawkins, de la isla de Providencia, Colombia, con el propósito de evidenciar los imaginarios del archipiélago emanados desde las propias islas. Para esto se realizó una caracterización del Caribe, un rastreo de los autores del archipiélago y finalmente el análisis de los cuentos de los autores seleccionados.
Se conoce que usted es “moderna” : entre los márgenes de la modernidad.
Authors: González Hurtado Argelia
Published: March 2020

Los estudios de género, medios y cultura popular han generado en los últimos años un terreno fértil y creativo como lo demuestra el creciente número de monografías y colecciones publicadas, artículos y conferencias que ponen de relieve las diversas formas en que estos campos de estudio se relacionan. Ejemplo de estos trabajos son las compilaciones de artículos en Feminism in Popular Culture (Hollows y Moseley, 2006), Interrogating Postfeminism: Gender and the Politics of Popular Culture (Tasker y Negra, 2007), Máxima audiencia. Cultura popular y género (González Fernández y Clúa, 2011) y The Routledge Companion to Media & Gender (Carter, Steiner y McLaughlin, 2015); o bien, la monografía de Angela McRobbie, The Aftermath of Feminism: Gender, Culture and Social Change. Así, el libro de Teresa Vera-Rojas Se conoce que usted es “moderna”. Lecturas de la mujer moderna en la colonia hispana de Nueva York (1920-1940) más allá de ubicarse en este diálogo entre medios, cultura popular y género, añade una interesante lectura histórica sobre la diáspora latinoamericana en Estados Unidos, relevante por la política migratoria estadounidense actual.
Una lectura sintomática del conflicto armado interno peruano desde el archivo y la literatura testimonial.
Authors: Ramos Badillo Víctor
Published: March 2020

El tema del conflicto armado interno peruano aún no ha sido evaluado con un abordaje minucioso por la crítica especializada. Tenemos desde interpretaciones que se posicionan en un discurso que caen en el saber común al emplear el término de “terrorista” sin la distinción del marco ideológico que se juega al emplear esta palabra, así como también las de la contraparte, más cercanas a la óptica de Sendero Luminoso y, por lo tanto, que presentan una interpretación mecánica del marxismo, de quienes creen que el accionar violento cometido en el conflicto armado no debe someterse a una autocrítica, tan necesaria para un proceso de emancipación que sea fiel con las causas reales que demandan. Sin embargo, en vista de que se torna casi imposible llegar a un acuerdo, las respuestas de la producción artística han servido para llenar esa inconsistencia del discurso científico, el cual pensaba llegar a una objetividad total. De esta manera, las reconfiguraciones simbólicas que proponen las obras de arte que abordan el tema de la violencia política han permitido, de cierta manera, pensar mejor sobre la situación y condición histórica que atravesamos como nación en aquel tiempo.
Sociología de la experiencia y reconstrucción de identidades profesionales : una mirada al trabajo social.
Authors: Blanco Echeverry Maria Del Pilar
Published: March 2020

En el marco del declive de las instituciones modernas, el trabajo social se ha visto obligado a repensar entre otros asuntos su identidad profesional, la cual es reducida por las corrientes funcionalistas a un producto en la relación estructura – individuo, y caracterizada por otras como volátil y en permanente crisis. Apelando a la teoría de la sociología de la experiencia, este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio cualitativo en el que se entrevistó a un grupo de trabajadoras sociales colombianas, con el fin de comprender cómo estas profesionales vivenciaron las experiencias predecesoras y simultáneas a su proceso identitario. Los resultados evidenciaron identidades profesionales robustecidas desde un ejercicio de subjetivación que implicó la administración de variables presentes en sus entornos socializadores y autobiografía para edificarla. El estudio abrió una puerta analítica para pensar un sujeto - profesional moderno que ya no es producto neto de los programas institucionales, sino un actor que resuelve autónoma y subjetivamente su vida y su identidad profesional.
Relatos de mujeres venezolanas solicitantes de refugio : trayectorias laborales entre sentimientos, cambios y conflictos.
Authors: Oquendo Lorduy Anatali
Published: March 2020

Este artículo aporta reflexiones sobre los estudios de movilidad humana en el contexto latinoamericano, en particular en la ciudad de Lima- Perú, a partir del análisis de experiencias de un grupo mujeres que se vieron obligadas a abandonar su país de origen por diversos motivos. Sus relatos reflejan los significados construidos en torno a sus trayectorias laborales en el país de acogida, en particular aquellos sobre inserción laboral y conflictos a nivel personal y laboral, los cuales se modifican debido a las expectativas que las mujeres construyen antes y después de su llegada al país de acogida, y que van reconfigurando desde el momento de participación en el mercado laboral. También reflejan los cambios y conflictos que pueden suscitarse, a lo largo del curso de vida y acción de sus trayectorias laborales, todo lo cual puede reconfigurar sus expectativas como mujeres.
De la inocencia a la creatividad : cambios en la representación de infancia.
Authors: Muñoz Criollo Ivan Alexander , Portilla Benavides Milton Mauricio
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo se propone resaltar el cambio de énfasis en la representación de infancia ocurrido en el siglo pasado, más precisamente, el paso de la consideración tradicional del infante como ser inocente a la consideración del niño como ser primordialmente creativo. Para esto se empieza aclarando los conceptos centrales: representación, inocencia-culpa, creatividad y sus respectivos desarrollos históricos, y se termina mostrando la coincidencia poco casual entre la exigencia pedagógica y la exigencia laboral del nuevo capitalismo: creatividad.
Aprendizaje basado en problemas, un enfoque diferente en la praxis de las clases de ciencias naturales/biología en la básica secundaria para el desarrollo de competencia científica.
Authors: Campos Fuentes Alvaro Antonio , Aguado Ochoa Anet Maria
Published: March 2020

El propósito del presente artículo fue determinar la influencia del enfoque aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) en el desarrollo de la competencia científica de los estudiantes de noveno grado en el área de las ciencias naturales/biología. Se organizaron tres guías con estrategias desde el ABP para el desarrollo de las competencias uso comprensivo del conocimiento científico, explicación de fenómenos y la indagación. El estudio está enmarcado dentro del diseño cuasiexperimental de series cronológicas con cuatro evaluaciones (una pre y tres post) con dos grupos intactos (experimental y control), cada uno conformado por 30 estudiantes. Se realizaron análisis de varianzas intra e intergrupo. Los resultados obtenidos a lo largo del proceso de la investigación pudieron establecer que la implementación del enfoque ABP permitió mejorar sustancialmente la competencia científica en los estudiantes del grupo experimental en comparación con los resultados del grupo control, además de permitir la apropiación de teorías, contenidos y saberes con los que el estudiante afronta de mejor manera situaciones cotidianas y no cotidianas en las cuales requiere indagar, explicar y aplicar comprensiva y responsablemente los conocimientos adquiridos.
Superación personal en adolescentes desde la educabilidad y la enseñabilidad en escenarios pedagógicos rurales.
Authors: Villadiego Almentero Kelly , Diaz Grau Tania Yadira
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se aborda la temática de la superación personal en adolescentes desde los procesos de educabilidad y enseñabilidad, diseñando y aplicando estrategias para su fomento en un contexto rural específico del municipio de Montería, Córdoba. Se tuvieron en cuenta las características socioeconómicas, culturales y educativas del entorno familiar y escolar, identificando y analizando concepciones, prácticas, significados y expectativas del proceso educativo y formativo del estudiante.Investigación de corte cualitativo, tipo investigación acción participación, utilizando como técnicas la entrevista, observación participante, revisión documental y talleres de discusión, aplicadas a estudiantes, docentes y padres de familia que permitieron obtener información para la discusión, análisis y reflexión del proceso educativo desde su quehacer. Como resultados presenta el análisis y reflexión de la problemática desde el proceso de construcción de acciones generadoras de superación personal a partir de actividades de aula, activas y participativas, su aplicación en el proceso educativo desde el ámbito escolar y familiar, y su evaluación, respondiendo a los propósitos de la investigación.
Practicas significativas en ecología educativa : construyendo escenarios de paz.
Authors: Murcia Peña Napoleon , Murcia Murcia Nataly Vanessa
Published: March 2020

El artículo muestra los resultados del estudio “Habitar la ciudad desde prácticas sociales significativas en ecología para la construcción de paz, convivencia reconciliación y educación ciudadana en Florencia-Caquetá: “Taller teórico práctico de seguridad alimentaria y asociatividad” desarrollado en la Universidad de la Amazonía. Se muestra el acuerdo social y el reconocimiento como categorías centrales que objetivan la paz y desde las cuales se ha logrado trasformar las realidades de los actores sociales en torno a una dinámica fundamental: la olla comunitaria. Siguiendo el enfoque de complementariedad y sus diseños emergentes, el estudio se fundamentó en las teorías del construccionismo social y en particular la teoría de los imaginarios sociales expuesta por Castoriadis.
Análisis de la reparación administrativa en Colombia a la luz de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.
Authors: Navarro Monterroza Angelica , Díaz Pombo Francisco Javier , Fernandez Mercado Natalie
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo hace parte del proyecto titulado de la misma manera,4 el cual tiene por objeto analizar si la reparación administrativa en Colombia se encuentra conforme con los estándares de reparación de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH). Específicamente, se identifican los estándares de reparación integral a la luz de la jurisprudencia de la citada Corte, se determina el concepto y alcance de la reparación administrativa en Colombia y finalmente se concreta el cumplimiento de los estándares en la reparación otorgada a 50 víctimas del conflicto armado, que fueron asistidas en el Consultorio Jurídico de Derecho y Desplazamiento de la Universidad de Cartagena.
Percepciones de desarrollo comunitario construidas por las victimas de desplazamiento forzado en el barrio Villas de Aranjuez de la ciudad de Cartagena : periodo 2014-2018.
Authors: Caldera Ricardo Arleidis , Yepes López Kelly Alejandra
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo resume los resultados de un proceso investigativo desarrollado en el barrio Villas de Aranjuez de la ciudad de Cartagena Bolívar, el cual muestra las percepciones de desarrollo comunitario que desde su comunidad han recreado las víctimas de desplazamiento forzado asentadas en esa localidad durante el periodo 2014 - 2018. La comunidad está habitada principalmente por población víctima de desplazamiento forzado, provenientes de distintos lugares del país, lo cual generó interrogantes en relación con las percepciones de desarrollo comunitario propiciadas por las personas que han vivido este fenómeno, así como las acciones que ejecutan para salir adelante, porque, como es de conocimiento común, las víctimas de desplazamiento forzado sufren una serie de daños, pérdidas y transformaciones que afectan su estabilidad, seguridad y capacidad para decidir e incidir sobre su vida y vislumbrar un futuro deseable.
Estrategia de contenido para motivar la compra de producto en la provincia de Tungurahua
Authors: Lizano-Mejía Andrea , Abril-Freire María , Ballesteros-López Leonardo
Published: March 2020

La estrategia de contenido del Inbound Marketing es una herramienta que permite identificar los puntos de conexión con los usuarios, al mismo tiempo incrementar los clientes potenciales y conseguir que los clientes sean los que busquen los productos. El objetivo del estudio es determinar si la estrategia de contenido Inbound Marketing logran desarrollar la motivar la compra de productos online en la provincia de Tungurahua. La investigación presento no fue un diseño experimental. El estudio fue cuantificado y detallado de maneta analítica el criterio de las personas. El alcance de la investigación fue correlacional, debido que se relacionó en el factor, de la motivación de compra, y los medios más utilizados en páginas web. A su vez se aplicó una encuesta dirigida a 384 personas que fue aprobada por profesionales, con el fin de realizar un diagnóstico de la situación de la provincia de Tungurahua con respecto al nivel de conocimiento y utilización de las páginas web y redes sociales para llegar hacia el cliente y atrae tráfico. Los principales resultados reflejan que: el internet y las redes sociales son las nuevas tendencias en el sector comercial y además un dato muy importante que sean seguras en el momento de realizar la compra online. Este modelo pretende aprovechar la tecnología, difusión del contenido, convertir las visitas en clientes, incrementar la confianza en credibilidad para alcanzar posicionamiento de marca y competitividad en el mercado.
Politik Pendidikan Agama di Indonesia dan Pelaksanaannya di Salah Satu Kampus Katolik di Flores
Authors: Widyawati Fransiska , Lon Yohanes S
Published: March 2020

Religious education has been one of most controversial problems debated in the drafting of laws relation to education and religion in the history of Indonesia. Since the establishment of the nation, the position of religious education in school has been questioned. This debate arose in particular because many private schools organized by religious communities, institutions and foundations, especially the Christians/Catholics, only gave Christian/Catholic religious education to all the students, including to the Muslims. This research explores the social and political context of this issue and specifically looks at its practices in the contemporary era on one of the Catholic campuses in Flores. This study used a qualitative approach by combining text and context analysis. Specifically for field data obtained by in-depth interviews and FGDs on a number of Catholic school organizers, school principals, teachers and non-Catholic students who take part in Catholic religious studies. This study found that when the issue of religious instruction in schools was discussed, the debate should not only be directed at what religious lessons were given to students but rather on what religious lessons students should receive from any religion that could help students to be able to overcome the problems of society, nation and state specifically in the context of pluralism.
Decreased Perception of High Frequency Sound in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: VORLOVÁ T. , DLOUHÁ O. , KEMLINK D. , ŠONKA K.
Published: March 2020

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep, which is manifested by apnea or hypopnea. Decreased blood oxygen saturation, changes in heart rate, fluctuations in brain perfusion, changes in intracranial pressure, snoring and vibration are factors that may potentially affect hearing in patients with OSA. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that hearing is affected in OSA. 43 males aged 34-74 years (mean 48.2) with suspected sleep-disordered breathing without other comorbidity or medication that may affect sleep or hearing were included. Nocturnal polysomnography, pure tone audiometry (PTA), transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were evaluated. The severity of OSA was indicated by the number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep (apnoe/hypopnoe index – AHI). OSA (AHI≥5) was detected in 28 patients by polysomnography. Mild OSA (AHI 5-15) was confirmed in 11 patients, severe OSA (AHI≥30) in 17 patients. Simple snoring (AHI<5) was diagnosed in 15 males. In patients suffering from severe OSA, tone audiometry demonstrated higher auditory threshold at frequencies of 4000 and 8000 Hz than in patients with AHI<15 (p<0.005). Auditory threshold values correlated with age in all groups. At a frequency of 8000 Hz, auditory threshold additionally correlated with BMI, AHI, oxygen desaturation index and decreased oxygen saturation. No differences were detected in TEOAE and BAEP between subjects with OSA and snoring. PTA and TEOAE decreased with increasing age. The present results show decreased perception of high frequency sound in severe OSA.
Possible Mechanisms of Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction and Electrical Changes in Ammonium Chloride Induced Chronic Metabolic Acidosis in Wistar Rats
Authors: LASHEEN N. N. , MOHAMED G. F.
Published: March 2020

Metabolic acidosis could occur due to either endogenous acids accumulation or bicarbonate loss from the gastrointestinal tract or commonly from the kidney. This study aimed to investigate the possible underlying mechanism(s) of chronic acidosis-induced cardiac contractile and electrical changes in rats. Twenty four adult Wistar rats, of both sexes, were randomly divided into control group and chronic metabolic acidosis group, which received orally 0.28 M NH4Cl in the drinking water for 2 weeks. At the end of experimental period, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were measured. On the day of sacrifice, rats were anesthetized by i.p. pentobarbitone (40 mg/kg b.w.), transthoracic echocardiography and ECG were performed. Blood samples were obtained from abdominal aorta for complete blood count and determination of pH, bicarbonate, chloride, sodium, potassium, troponin I, CK-MB, IL-6, renin and aldosterone levels. Hearts from both groups were studied for cardiac tissue IL-6 and aldosterone in addition to histopathological examination. Compared to control group, chronic metabolic acidosis group showed anemia, significant systolic and diastolic hypotension accompanied by significant reduction of ejection fraction and fraction of shortening, significant bradycardia, prolonged QTc interval and higher widened T wave as well as significantly elevated plasma levels of renin, aldosterone, troponin I, CK-MB and IL-6, and cardiac tissue aldosterone and IL-6. The left ventricular wall of the acidosis group showed degenerated myocytes with fibrosis and apoptosis. Thus, chronic metabolic acidosis induced negative inotropic and chronotropic effects and cardiomyopathy, possibly by elevated aldosterone and IL-6 levels released from the cardiac tissue.
Serum Nesfatin-1 Levels in Patients With Different Glucose Tolerance Levels
Authors: ALGUL S. , OZKAN Y. , OZCELIK O.
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the levels of nesfatin-1 in healthy subjects with those in prediabetic and diabetic patients who have different glucose tolerance levels. Overall, 100 subjects were divided into 5 groups healthy control (C), impaired fasting glycemia (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus, (Type 2 DM). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) assessed the glycemic control. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was determined using computer analyses. Nesfatin-1 levels were measured using ELISA method. IFG and IGT (prediabetic groups) from MS and Type 2 DM (diabetic groups) differed significantly in HOMA-IR. The nesfatin-1 levels were lower, although not statistically significant, in IFG (0.937±0.03 ng/ml, p=0.07) and IGT (1.039±0.06 ng/ml, p=0.5) groups compared to healthy subjects (1.094±0.07 ng/ml). However, the nesfatin-1 levels were lower in patients with Type 2 DM (0.867±0.02 ng/ml, p=0.007) and MS (0.885±0.01 ng/ml, p=0.01) compared to healthy subjects. Nesfatin-1 levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects. This study supports the role of insulin resistance in decreased nesfatin-1 levels in patients with Type 2 DM and MS.
Renal Denervation in the Most Serious Form of Resistant Arterial Hypertension
Authors: ŠOCHMAN J. , BÜRGELOVÁ M. , PEREGRIN J. H.
Published: March 2020

The aim of our observation was to establish whether or not renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) may help control blood pressure (BP) levels in patients with severe hypertension refractory to pharmacological therapy. Out of a group of 12 patients, candidates for RSD, with uncontrolled hypertension and a systolic BP over 190 mm Hg on repeated measurements despite optimal medication, four patients were excluded for multiple renal arteries and one for hyperaldosteronism. Seven patients had RSD using a Symplicity device (5M, 2 F) with a mean age of 64.9 years. While all were followed up for a minimum of 6 months, follow-up duration in the majority of them was substantially longer (12-20 months). At six months post-RSD, six of the seven patients showed a decrease in systolic BP by at least 15 mm Hg while receiving the same or fewer doses of antihypertensive agents. A similar response was seen in diastolic BP. The BP decrease was maintained throughout whole follow-up. In a small group of patients with severe hypertension, we demonstrated that renal sympathetic denervation is capable of reducing blood pressure even in patients with severe hypertension.
Influence of Gender on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Lungs in an Animal Model
Authors: MRAZKOVA H. , LISCHKE R. , HERGET J.
Published: March 2020

As with other organ transplants even lung transplantation raises the question of the possibility of the influence of gender on ischemia-reperfusion injury. This is a current topic especially for increasingly utilized method of lung transplantation from non-heart-beating donors, where reperfusion preceded by a period of warm and cold ischemia with subsequent treatment options for lung graft reperfusion. For measurements we used our laboratory previously created and validated animal model for ex vivo lung transplantation. As with other organ systems of our monitoring resulted protective effect of female sex on ischemia reperfusion lung injury. In two of the three parameters that were monitored, we found a significant difference. In females, higher oxygen transfer ability after reperfusion was manifested as well as lower perfusion pressure (vascular compliance). Conversely, weight gain (the development of pulmonary edema) in males was not significant difference from the females. These conclusions could cause further studies leading to influence the selection of appropriate donor grafts.
The Effect of Colesevelam Treatment on Bile Acid and Lipid Metabolism and Glycemic Control in Healthy Men
Authors: BLAHOVÁ T. , PETERKOVÁ L. , LENÍČEK M. , VLACHOVÁ M. , ZEMÁNKOVÁ K. , ADÁMKOVÁ V. , VÍTEK L. , KOVÁŘ J.
Published: March 2020

The treatment of hypercholesterolemia with bile acid (BA) sequestrants results in upregulation of BA synthesis through the classical pathway initiated by cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). To characterize the detailed dynamics of serum lipid and BA concentrations and the BA synthesis rate in response to treatment with BA sequestrants and to determine whether the -203A/C promoter polymorphism of the CYP7A1 encoding gene (CYP7A1) affects such a response, this pilot study was carried out in healthy men (8 homozygous for the -203A allele and 8 homozygous for the -203C allele of CYP7A1). The subjects were treated for 28 days with colesevelam and blood was drawn for analysis before and on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 of treatment. The response of lipids, BA, fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19) and 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) to colesevelam did not differ between carriers of -203A and -203C alleles; their data were then aggregated for further analysis. Colesevelam treatment caused immediate suppression of FGF19 concentration and a fivefold increase in CYP7A1 activity, as assessed from C4 concentration, followed by a 17 % decrease in LDL-cholesterol. Although total plasma BA concentrations were not affected, the ratio of cholic acid/total BA rose from 0.25±0.10 to 0.44±0.16 during treatment at the expense of decreases in chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acid.
Large Copy-Number Variations in Patients With Statin-Associated Myopathy Affecting Statin Myopathy-Related Loci
Authors: STRÁNECKÝ V. , NEŘOLDOVÁ M. , HODAŇOVÁ K. , HARTMANNOVÁ H. , PIHEROVÁ L. , ZEMÁNKOVÁ P. , PŘISTOUPILOVÁ A. , VRABLÍK M. , ADÁMKOVÁ M. , KMOCH S. , JIRSA M.
Published: March 2020

Some patients are susceptible to statin-associated myopathy (SAM) either because of genetic variations affecting statin uptake and metabolism, or because they predispose their carriers to muscular diseases. Among the frequent variants examined using the genome-wide association study approach, SLCO1B1 c.521T>C represents the only validated predictor of SAM in patients treated with high-dose simvastatin. Our aim was to ascertain the overall contribution of large copy-number variations (CNVs) to SAM diagnosed in 86 patients. CNVs were detected by whole genome genotyping using Illumina HumanOmni2.5 Exome BeadChips. Exome sequence data were used for validation of CNVs in SAM-related loci. In addition, we performed a specific search for CNVs in the SLCO1B region detected recently in Rotor syndrome subjects. Rare deletions possibly contributing to genetic predisposition to SAM were found in two patients: one removed EYS associated previously with SAM, the other was present in LARGE associated with congenital muscular dystrophy. Another two patients carried deletions in CYP2C19, which may predispose to clopidogrel-statin interactions. We found no common large CNVs potentially associated with SAM and no CNVs in the SLCO1B locus. Our findings suggest that large CNVs do not play a substantial role in the etiology of SAM.
The Ratio of Diameters Between the Target Artery and the Bypass Modifies Hemodynamic Parameters Related to Intimal Hyperplasia in the Distal End-to-Side Anastomosis
Authors: GRUS T. , LAMBERT L. , MATĚCHA J. , GRUSOVÁ G. , ŠPAČEK M. , MLČEK M.
Published: March 2020

Hemodynamics in the distal end-to-side anastomosis is related to early development of intimal hyperplasia and bypass failure. In this study we investigated the effect of diameter ratios between the target artery and the bypass at three different angles of the connection. The pulsatile flow field was visualized using particle image velocimetry in transparent models with three different angles of the connection (25°, 45°, 60°) and the diameter ratio between the bypass and the target artery was 4.6 mm : 6 mm, 6 mm : 6 mm, and 7.5 mm : 6 mm. Six parameters including location and oscillation of the stagnation point, local energy dissipation, wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index, spatial and temporal gradient of WSS and their distribution in the target artery were calculated from the flow field. In the wider bypass, the stagnation point oscillated in a greater range and was located more proximal to the anastomosis. Energy dissipation was minimal in a wider bypass with a more acute angle. The maximum WSS values were tree times greater in a narrow bypass and concentrated in a smaller circular region at the floor of the anastomosis. The oscillatory shear index increased with wider bypass and more acute angle. The maximum of spatial gradient of WSS concentrated around the floor and toe of the anastomosis and decreased with more acute angle and wider bypass, the temporal gradient of WSS was stretched more towards the side wall. Greater bypass to target vessel ratio and more acute anastomosis angle promote hemodynamics known to reduce formation of intimal hyperplasia.
The Structural Basis for Calcium Inhibition of Lipid Kinase PI4K IIα and Comparison With the Apo State
Authors: BAUMLOVA A. , GREGOR J. , BOURA E.
Published: March 2020

PI4K IIα is a critical enzyme for the maintenance of Golgi and is also known to function in the synaptic vesicles. The product of its catalytical function, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), is an important lipid molecule because it is a hallmark of the Golgi and TGN, is directly recognized by many proteins and also serves as a precursor molecule for synthesis of higher phosphoinositides. Here, we report crystal structures of PI4K IIα enzyme in the apo-state and inhibited by calcium. The apo-structure reveals a surprising rigidity of the active site residues important for catalytic activity. The structure of calcium inhibited kinase reveals how calcium locks ATP in the active site.
Hyperosmotic Environment Blunts Effectivity of Ischemic Preconditioning Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Improves Ischemic Tolerance in Non-Preconditioned Isolated Rat Hearts
Authors: ZÁLEŠÁK M. , BLAŽÍČEK P. , PANCZA D. , GABLOVSKÝ I. , ŠTRBÁK V. , RAVINGEROVÁ T.
Published: March 2020

Several studies have shown that diabetes mellitus modulates heart resistance to ischemia and abrogates effectivity of cardioprotective interventions, such as ischemic preconditioning (IP). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the effect of hyperglycemic conditions on the severity of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in preconditioned and non-preconditioned hearts (controls, C) is related to changes in osmotic activity of glucose. Experiments were performed in isolated rat hearts perfused according to Langendorff exposed to 30-min coronary occlusion/ 120-min reperfusion. IP was induced by two cycles of 5-min coronary occlusion/5-min reperfusion, prior to the long-term I/R. Hyperosmotic (HO) state induced by an addition of mannitol (11 mmol/l) to a standard Krebs-Henseleit perfusion medium significantly decreased the size of infarction and also suppressed a release of heart fatty acid binding protein (h-FABP – biomarker of cell injury) from the non-IP hearts nearly to 50 %, in comparison with normoosmotic (NO) mannitol-free perfusion. However, IP in HO conditions significantly increased the size of infarction and tended to elevate the release of h-FABP to the effluent from the heart. The results indicate that HO environment plays a cardioprotective role in the ischemic myocardium. On the other hand, increased osmolarity, similar to that in the hyperglycemic conditions, may play a pivotal role in a failure of IP to induce cardioprotection in the diabetic myocardium.
Effects of Transgenic Expression of Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase (Dbh) Gene on Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: PRAVENEC M. , LANDA V. , ZÍDEK V. , MLEJNEK P. , ŠILHAVÝ J. , MIR S. A. , VAINGANKAR S. M. , WANG J. , KURTZ T. W.
Published: March 2020

The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is the most widely used animal model of essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Catecholamines play an important role in the pathogenesis of both essential hypertension in humans and in the SHR. Recently, we obtained evidence that the SHR harbors a variant in the gene for dopamine beta hydroxylase (Dbh) that is associated with reduced adrenal expression of Dbh mRNA and reduced DBH enzymatic activity which correlated negatively with blood pressure. In the current study, we used a transgenic experiment to test the hypothesis that reduced Dbh expression predisposes the SHR to hypertension and that augmentation of Dbh expression would reduce blood pressure. We derived 2 new transgenic SHR-Dbh lines expressing Dbh cDNA under control of the Brown Norway (BN) wild type promoter. We found modestly increased adrenal expression of Dbh in transgenic rats versus SHR non-transgenic controls that was associated with reduced adrenal levels of dopamine and increased plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine. The observed changes in catecholamine metabolism were associated with increased blood pressure and left ventricular mass in both transgenic lines. We did not observe any consistent changes in brainstem levels of catecholamines or of mRNA levels of Dbh in the transgenic strains. Contrary to our initial expections, these findings are consistent with the possibility that genetically determined decreases in adrenal expression and activity of DBH do not represent primary determinants of increased blood pressure in the SHR model.
Pelaksanaan Supervisi Kepala Sekolah dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Guru SD Negeri di Banjarmasin Timur
Authors: Dian Mawardi Agus
Published: March 2020

Tantangan global memerlukan guru-guru yang mempunyai produktivitas kerja yang tinggi. Dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan, guru memiliki sejumlah tugas untuk mencapai produktivitas kerjanya. Produktivitas kerja guru adalah suatu keadaan yang menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan/kemajuan dari guru dalam melaksanakan proses belajar mengajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Sebelum penelitian, dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas pada angket terhadap 30 orang. Sampel penelitian adalah guru SD Negeri di Banjarmasin Timur sebanyak 111 orang dengan menggunakan rumus Taron Yamane dan penarikan sampel dilakukan secara proporsional random sampling. Sebelum data dianalisa menggunakan regresi linier serhana dilakukan transformasi data terlebih dahulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: bahwa ada pengaruh antara Supervisi terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Guru.  Hal ini dibuktikan dari nilai thitung sebesar 33.669 dengan taraf sig. .000.  Adapun persamaan regresi dari variable tersebut adalah y = -290.018 + 3.816X yang berarti bahwa apabila kegiatan Supervisi (X) tidak dilaksanakan, maka produktivitas kerja guru (Y) adalah sebesar -290,018. Apabila kegiatan Supervisi dilaksanakan di sekolah, maka produktivitas kerja guru adalah sebesar 3,816 dengan nilai R2 menunjukkan bahwa Supervisi memberikan kontribusi terhadap variabel Produktivitas Kerja Guru sebesar 91,2% dan sisanya sebesar 8,8% diberikan oleh variabel lain.
Pembelajaran Berbasis TIK Menggunakan Metode Discovery Learning dengan Peer Assessment Ditinjau dari Gaya Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII SMPN Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Asy’ari Asy’ari , Zulkarnain M. Rizki
Published: March 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses dan hasil pengembangan model pembelajaran berbasis TIK menggunakan metode discovery learning disertai dengan peer assessment serta efektivitas pembelajaran berbasis TIK dengan metode discovery learning disertai peer assessment terhadap hasil belajar siswa ditinjau dari gaya belajar siswa. Penelitian ini terbagi menjadi dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah tahap pengembangan model pembelajaran yang termasuk ke dalam penelitian pengembangan (research and development). Tahap berikutnya adalah uji efektivitas model yang termasuk ke dalam penelitian eksperimental semu dengan desain penelitian 3×3. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMPN Kota Banjarmasin. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 265 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji  ANOVA dua jalan dengan sel tak sama. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diberi perlakuan model pembelajaran berbasis TIK menggunakan metode discovery learning disertai dengan peer assessment lebih baik dari hasil belajar siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran berbasis TIK menggunakan metode discovery learning dan model pembelajaran konvensional. Selain itu, hasil belajar siswa yang diberi perlakuan model pembelajaran berbasis TIK menggunakan metode discovery learning lebih baik dari hasil belajar siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran konvensional