bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on marine ecosystem dynamics model parameter
Authors: Jiang Xujuan , Wang Bin , Niu Fuxin , Liu Wenlong , Yu Yanfang
Published: February 2025

The study of parameter inversion and its application is critical in the dynamic model of marine ecosystems, but the research has a problem with incorrect performance locating. The issue of inverse problem-solving methods is unable to deal with the inaccurate application positioning issue in the dynamic model of marine ecosystems, and the results are not enough. Therefore, a Sensitivity Analysis Methods-based research on the parameter inversion of the marine ecosystem dynamics model and its application is provided, and the parameter inversion of the Marine ecosystem dynamics model and its application are evaluated. Firstly, the influence factors were found by partial sensitivity analysis theory, and on the basis of researching parameter inversion, the index is divided. In the research and application of parameter inversion, it is necessary to reduce the interference factors. Then, a sensitivity analysis method is established by using the concept of partial sensitivity analysis in the study of parameter inversion and its application scheme, and the result of the research on parameter inversion and its application is tested. The study using simulation methods shows that, under the evaluation, the Sensitivity Analysis Method outperforms the standard Inverse problem-solving methods in terms of the study of parameter inversion and its application accuracy and time of influencing variables.
Theoretical analysis of steel catenary riser laid on the sloped seabed
Authors: Xu Shengbo , Hou Jinfang , Dong Zhichao , Wang Chaoyang
Published: February 2025

The steel catenary riser is a preferred solution in deepwater gas and oil exploration. Though the numerical solution can give a precise result, the theoretical analyses exhibit the advantages of more rapid calculation speed with a few parameters, thus making it more suitable for the preliminary design of the riser. Since the riser may be laid on the sloped seabed, the catenary theory was modified in this study to calculate the static behavior of the SCR, and the results were verified by the numerical model. The influences of the seabed inclination angle and heave motion exerted to the top of the riser on the TDP location were investigated. Since the riser rigidity was neglected in the catenary theory, the boundary layer solution was integrated into the model to accurately determine the mechanical behavior within the touchdown zone of the SCR. Based on the simulation result, it can be seen that both the TDP moving distance and riser maximum stress range are increased with the heave motion amplitude and the seabed slope, whereas the heave motion exerted to the hang-off point has a major influence.
Peakons of the shallow-water wave equation implementation with PINNs
Authors: Zhang Jianlin , Leng Yake , Dong Hui , Yang Jianuo , Jiao Yinglin
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we implement the peakon solution of the CH equation containing highly nonlinear terms using the Physics-Informed Neural Networks, and we define the corresponding neural network models according to different forms of peakon solution expressions. The main implementation is to study the spatio-temporal dynamics behaviour of the peakon solution for the general form of the CH equations. From the experimental results, the Physics-Informed Neural Networks can basically complete the analytical solution prediction of the shallow-water wave equation, and achieve the accurate capture of highly complex nonlinear terms, which proves the successful application of the Physics-Informed Neural Networks method in the peakon solution of the shallow-water wave equation.
Global existence and uniqueness of smooth solution to Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation with potential function
Authors: Gu Yue , Li Qiaoxin
Published: February 2025

The Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation is commonly used to characterize the micromagnetic phenomena near Curie temperature. In this paper, we first use the difference method to verify the local existence of smooth solutions for the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equations with potential functions. Then we use the energy method to verify the global existence and uniqueness of smooth solutions for periodic initial value problems as well as the Cauchy problem of the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equations in dimension one. Moreover, the approach adopted in this paper can be further extended to the investigation of the existence of solutions for other ferromagnetic chain equations
A numerical simulation method of composite geomembrane for seepage control panel dams in reservoir basins
Authors: Zhang Jing , Meng Yayun , Xu Hailiang , Qiu Yun , Yuan Li , Xue Wenbo
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses the numerical simulation method of composite geomembrane for a seepage control panel dam in a reservoir basin. As a key component of a pumped storage power plant, the seepage control performance directly affects the safety and economic benefits of the power plant. In the study, the coupled calculation method is used to analyze the deformation and stress characteristics of the geomembrane under different working conditions by combining the geomembrane planar unit and the soil hexahedral isoparametric unit. The results show that the geomembrane can effectively adapt to the settlement of the reservoir bottom, and the displacement calculation results when using the geomembrane unit are smaller and more uniformly distributed compared with those when the geomembrane is not used, which reflects its tensile capacity. At the same time, the calculation shows that the geomembrane has a good safety margin within the design allowable tensile strain, which guides geomembrane research in similar projects.
Results for ϕδ
-type cyclic mapping on extended b-metric space
Authors: Wu Dingping , Weng Shengquan
Published: February 2025

In this manuscript, based on extended b-metric spaces, we propose a new structure of cyclic mapping, that is ϕδ
-type cyclic mapping. The fixed-point theorem for ϕδ
-type cyclic mapping is established. A concrete example of ϕδ
-type cyclic mapping is given to show the reasonability and correctness of the obtained results. The result proposed by this manuscript extends known conclusions in some references.
A new method for characterization of the cohesion of sodium hyaluronate gel
Authors: Wu Hairui , Shao Yingfeng , Li Wei , Zhao Yu , Song Fan
Published: February 2025

Cohesion refers to the ability of the material not to separate, and the evaluation of cohesion for hyaluronic-based tissue fillers is conducive to their clinical application. In this paper, a characterization method based on gel microcolumn stretching is developed for the cohesion of hyaluronic acid-based fillers. The method has clear physical significance and can be used to measure the true stress-strain relationship of soft gel fillers. We use this method to measure the cohesion of four hyaluronic acid-based fillers and evaluate the cohesion of the same products using the method based on ASTM F2258-05 and the drop weight method. The results show that the three assessments of the relative cohesion trends of the four gel products were basically the same, demonstrating the rationality of our proposed method. It will promote the standard and scientific characterization of the cohesion of gel fillers.
Interval edge coloring of some classes operations graph of paths
Authors: Jin Meiqin , Tian Shuangliang , Zhong Chuang
Published: February 2025

With the wide application of combinatorial optimization problems in optics, we were inspired by optics and studied the interval edge coloring problem of operational graphs. The maximum value of t for an interval t-coloring is denoted by W(G), which is a proper edge-coloring of a graph G using colors 1, 2, …, t. In this coloring process, all colors are used, and the color of the edges associated with each vertex has a different color, forming an interval of integers. In this paper, we prove that G is interval colorable and we give a lower bound on W(G) if and only if G is a generalized Mycielski graph, double graph or middle graph of the path.
Research on the three-dimensional flow field distribution law of underwater pipelines under different flow rates
Authors: Zhang Hexi , Wang Fei , Yu Yanwen , Wang Xing
Published: February 2025

Due to the numerous water systems in the southwestern region of China, oil pipelines usually need to cross rivers. Underwater pipelines are exposed to long-term erosion from riverbed sediment, strong river water erosion, and corrosive environments, facing extremely high leakage risks. This experiment adopts an indoor water tank test and simulates underwater pipelines with circular organic glass tubes. Three different flow conditions are set up, namely 14L/s, 25L/s, and 39L/s. The research results indicate that: 1) When underwater pipelines generate flow around, vortices show a characteristic of alternating up and down generation, and the width of the wake vortices is basically maintained within the range of 1.2-1.5 times the pipe diameter; 2) There are significant distribution differences in the vertical flow velocity and turbulence intensity of underwater pipelines, and the greater the flow rate, the more obvious the differences. The flow velocity in the middle layer is the smallest, and the turbulence intensity is the largest; 3) By drawing the force diagram of the underwater pipeline, it can be seen that the net horizontal thrust increases the fastest, while the dynamic buoyancy increases the slowest.
Underwater biomimetic sonar target detection model based on Hipposideros Pratti
Authors: Pang Chunyang , Wang Feng , Liu Yuxin
Published: February 2025

Traditional underwater sonar detection systems are primarily based on numerical methods such as pulse compression, Doppler velocity measurement, and beamforming to measure target distance, velocity, and azimuth parameters. In contrast, the sonar systems of organisms like bats rely on highly evolved neural perception to accomplish these tasks. By studying the detection mechanisms of biological sonar and developing bionic models, the target detection capabilities of underwater sonar systems can be enhanced. Inspired by Hipposideros Pratti., this paper designs a bat bio-sonar model for underwater target detection and provides theoretical derivations for various target parameters detection. A biomimetic sonar multi-harmonic signal waveform is designed based on multi-carrier modulation theory. Through the combination of different subcarrier components, the signal's penetration power is optimized, environmental noise interference is reduced, and target resolution and recognition accuracy are enhanced. The proposed waveform’s excellent anti-reverberation performance is demonstrated through evaluations in underwater reverberation scenarios. For signal processing, this paper designs a parallel hierarchical processing architecture that can simultaneously handle different harmonic components sensing speed, distance, and azimuth information, significantly improving recognition accuracy and signal processing efficiency. To enhance the intelligence of bionic sonar systems, a parallel intelligent perception network model based on dilated convolution is proposed. It leverages feature maps of different harmonic groups to reduce the number of features required for extraction, improving the model’s training efficiency and achieving intelligent perception of the sonar system. Simulation results indicate that the combination of different harmonic components can effectively perceive variations in target speed, distance, and direction, exhibiting strong anti-reverberation capability. Neural network recognition results show that the combination of different harmonics achieves an accuracy rate of over 95% for speed, distance, and azimuth recognition, verifying that the designed model has strong capabilities in underwater target perception.
Enhanced gelatin methacryloyl nanohydroxyapatite hydrogel for high-fidelity 3D printing of bone tissue engineering scaffolds
Authors: Naolou Toufik , Schadzek Nadine , Pepelanova Iliyana , Frommer Miriam , Hornbostel Jan Mathis , Lötz Franziska , Sauheitl Leopold , Dultz Stefan , Felde Vincent J. M. N. L. , Myklebost Ola , Lee-Thedieck Cornelia
Published: February 2025

Patients suffering from large bone defects are in urgent need of suitable bone replacements. Besides biocompatibility, such replacements need to mimic the 3D architecture of bone and match chemical, mechanical and biological properties, ideally promoting ossification. As natural bone mainly contains collagen type I and carbonate hydroxyapatite, a 3D-printable biomaterial consisting of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) would be beneficial to mimic the composition and shape of natural bone. So far, such nanocomposite hydrogels (NCH) suffered from unsatisfactory rheological properties making them unsuitable for extrusion-based 3D printing with high structural fidelity. In this study, we introduce a novel GelMA/nHAp NCH composition, incorporating the rheological modifier carbomer to improve rheological properties and addressing the challenge of calcium cations released from nHAp that hinder GelMA gelation. Leveraging its shear-thinning and self-healing properties, the NCH ink retains its shape and forms cohesive structures after deposition, which can be permanently stabilized by subsequent UV crosslinking. Consequently, the NCH enables the printing of 3D structures with high shape fidelity in all dimensions, including the z-direction, allowing the fabrication of highly macroporous constructs. Both the uncured and the UV crosslinked NCH behave like a viscoelastic solid, with G´>G´´ at deformations up to 100-200 %. After UV crosslinking, the NCH can, depending on the GelMA concentration, reach storage moduli of approximately 10 to over 100 kPa and a mean Young’s Modulus of about 70 kPa. The printed scaffolds permit not only cell survival but also osteogenic differentiation, highlighting their potential for bone tissue engineering.
Optical parametric amplification near resonance transition in two-level system
Authors: Stepanov Serguei , Casillas Rodriguez Nayeli , Ocegueda Manuel Ivan , Montoya Jorge , Domínguez-Serna Francisco Antonio , Garay Karina
Published: February 2025

Abstract. We present results of a theoretical analysis of an optical parametric amplification (OPA) in a collinear nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) configuration close to the resonance of a two-level transition in χ''' media. It is performed both for homogeneously and for inhomogeneously broadened spectral line using a standard set of Bloch equations in the semiclassical approximation. Unlike the traditional approach of a coupled propagation of the signal/idler waves, we treat OPA as a coupled propagation of the amplitude and phase modulations of the pump wave with the signal/idler waves as the modulation sidebands. We show that for low frequency off-sets between the pump and the signal/idler waves, OPA process is basically manifested in a unidirectional transformation of the input amplitude modulation of the pump wave into the output phase modulation. The frequency band of the OPA is determined by detuning the pump wave from the resonance transition. The obtained results are applied to evaluate the expected OPA gain for the acetylene-filled micro-structured fiber with the resonance vibration-rotational transitions in the 1500-1550nm spectral range.
Exploring the application of deep learning methods for polygenic risk score estimation
Authors: Squires Steven , Weedon Michael N. , Oram Richard A.
Published: February 2025

Background:Polygenic risk scores (PRS) summarise genetic information into a single number with clinical and research uses. Machine learning (ML) has revolutionised multiple fields, however, the impact of ML on PRSs has been less significant. We explore how ML can improve the generation of PRSs.Methods:We train ML models on known PRSs using UK Biobank data. We explore whether the models can recreate human programmed PRSs, including using a single model to generate multiple PRSs, and ML difficulties in PRS generation. We investigate how ML can compensate for missing data and constraints on performance.Results:We demonstrate almost perfect generation of multiple PRSs with little loss of performance with reduced quantity of training data. For an example set of missing SNPs the MLP produces predictions that enable separation of cases from population samples with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.847 (95% CI: 0.828-0.864) compared to 0.798 (95% CI: 0.779-0.818) for the PRS.Conclusions:ML can accurately generate PRSs, including with one model for multiple PRSs. The models are transferable and have high longevity. With certain missing SNPs the ML models can improve on PRS generation. Further improvements likely require use of additional input data.
Two-photon interference at a telecom wavelength for quantum networking
Authors: Cohen Mathis , Labonté Laurent , Dalidet Romain , Tanzilli Sebastien , Martin Anthony
Published: February 2025

The interference between two independent photons stands as a crucial aspect of numerous quantum information protocols and technologies. In this work, we leverage fiber-coupled devices, which encompass fibered photon pair-sources and off- the-shelf optics, to demonstrate Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. We employ two distinct single photon sources, namely an heralded single-photon source and a weak coherent laser source, both operating asynchronously in continuous-wave regime. We record two-photon coincidences, showing a state-of-art visibility of 91.9(5)%. This work, compliant with telecom technology provides realistic backbones for establishing long- range communication based on quantum teleportation in hybrid quantum networks.
Warming structure of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea since 1970
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , Li Yuanlong , Ge Kai , Tang Xiaohui , Liu Shouhua , Zhu Shanliang
Published: February 2025

The Kuroshio Current (KC) has witnessed rapid surface warming during the past half-century, impacting the marine ecosystems in surrounding regions. However, the vertical structure of the warming KC remains unclear. This study utilizes historical hydrographic observational data and ocean model experiments to investigate temperature changes of the KC in the East China Sea since 1970. The KC at the Pollution Nagasaki (PN) section has shown rapid warming in the upper 350 m and insignificant warming or cooling trends in the subsurface layer of 350-800 m. A decomposition of heaving and spicing modes indicates that the rapid upper-layer warming occurs primarily in heaving, whereas the subsurface cooling arises from Spicing. In addition to surface heating, surface wind changes over the subtropical North Pacific – induced by the phase shift of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) – also enhance the upper-layer warming of the KC by driving downwelling Rossby waves. The subsurface cooling reflects property changes of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) which can be traced to buoyancy fluxes in the subpolar northwestern Pacific. By linking the regional changes observed in the ECS to basin-scale processes over the North Pacific, this work contributes to the understanding of the response of the KC to climate change.
Changes in land use waves and ecosystem service values ​​in Vietnam: research in the Northern midlands and mountainous regions (NMR) from 1990 to 2020
Authors: Tran Phuong Trong , Nguyen Tuan Tran
Published: February 2025

Land use is increasingly influencing ecosystem services (ES) in Vietnam. However, in Vietnam, there have not been many studies addressing the quantification of ecosystem service values (ESV) as well as the relationship between land use conversion and ES from a spatial perspective. This study seeks to address this deficiency by analyzing the land use changes (LUC) and the ESV in 14 provinces within Vietnam’s NMR. The study used several indicators to assess LUC. These indicators include S (single land-use level), I (integrated land-use level), LUI (land-use intensity), LUM (mixed land-use entropy index), and LUD (land-use diversity). Furthermore, the study takes into account the ESVaver (average ecosystem service value) index. The research findings indicate that the shrub underwent the most significant changes in nearly every stage across all 14 localities. With the LUI index, the period 1990–1995 shows that there are localities with the highest level of adaptation, with adaptation levels ranging from 4.15 to 8.74 in three western provinces of the region. The LUD and LUM indexes reveal a high level of complexity in land use types during the periods 2000–2005 and 2015–2020. This shows that the level of diversity in land use in most localities is increasing day by day. Meanwhile, in the NMR region, the ESV shows a slight increase in the first 5 years of the study, followed by a series of gradual decreases until 2020, with 67,647.56 million US$/ha/year. During its initial rise, the ESVaver index exhibited a similar trend. From 1995 to 2005, it dropped sharply. The results of this study will enable researchers and decision-makers to formulate effective policies in the future.
Recent changes in rainfall patterns alter precipitation partitioning in European beech forest
Authors: Drollinger Simon , Dietze Michael , Seidel Dominik , Schwindt Daniel , Birk Jago Jonathan , Sauer Daniela
Published: February 2025

Climate change models suggest increasing rain variability in Europe with hypothesized cascading effects on ecosystems. However, model results are inconsistent, coarse and lack empirical data. Here, we used a 6.5-year dataset of gross precipitation, throughfall, and plant litter deposition from a beech forest in central Germany to show how water that reaches the Critical Zone is driven by shifting rainfall characteristics and canopy structure. Rain event duration declined distinctly over the observation period, while rain intensity and event frequency increased. These changes caused the throughfall fraction to decrease by 5.75% per year and spatial throughfall variability to rise exponentially. This study provides empirical evidence that precipitation intensification strongly impacts the spatio-temporal distribution of net precipitation in beech forests. This may progressively decouple hydrological links in Europe’s most dominant forest stands, potentially resulting in changing water and element fluxes, weathering, and soil processes.
Low-Cost Compact Wi-Fi Energy Harvesting Rectifier Using Semi-Lumped Elements
Authors: Issa Hamza
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for low-power wireless devices has driven innovation in energy harvesting technologies, with Wi-Fi signals emerging as a viable source of ambient energy. This paper presents a novel Wi-Fi energy harvesting rectifier designed to maximize energy conversion efficiency while maintaining simplicity, compactness, and affordability. Utilizing a semi-lumped matching network fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate, our design achieves a notable efficiency of 47% at 0 dBm and 55% at 8 dBm within a compact footprint of 263 mm².Compared to existing works, which often employ complex and expensive substrates likeRogers RT/duroid 5880, our approach offers a practical balance of performance, size, and cost, making it suitable for widespread applications. This study uniquely contributes to the field by demonstrating high efficiency using a semi-lumped rectifier on a high-loss, low-cost substrate, offering a promising solution for cost-effective Wi-Fi energy harvesting. The outcomes of this work will be compared and discussed against existing designs to highlight its advantages and potential applications.
Assessing the Suitability of the Langevin Equation for Analyzing Measured Data Through Downsampling
Authors: Lin Pyei Phyo , Wächter Matthias , Peinke Joachim , Rahimi Tabar Mohammed Reza
Published: February 2025

The measured time series from complex systems are renowned for theirintricate stochastic behavior, characterized by random fluctuations stemming fromexternal influences and nonlinear interactions. These fluctuations take diverse forms,ranging from continuous trajectories reminiscent of Brownian motion to noncontinuoustrajectories featuring jump events. The Langevin equation serves as a powerful toolfor generating stochasticity and capturing the complex behavior of measured data withcontinuous stochastic characteristics. However, the traditional modeling framework ofthe Langevin equation falls short when it comes to capturing the presence of abruptchanges, particularly jumps, in trajectories that exhibit non-continuity. Such non-continuous changes pose a significant challenge for general processes and have profoundimplications for risk management. Moreover, the discrete nature of observed physicalphenomena, measured with a finite sample rate, adds another layer of complexity. Insuch cases, data points often appear as a series of discontinuous jumps, even when theunderlying trajectory is continuous. In this study, we present an analytical frameworkthat goes beyond the limitations of the Langevin equation. Our approach effectivelydistinguishes between diffusive or Brownian-type trajectories and trajectories withjumps. By employing downsampling techniques, where we artificially lower the samplerate, we derive a set of measures and criteria to analyze the data and differentiatebetween diffusive and non-diffusive behaviors. To further demonstrate its versatilityand practical applicability, we have applied our proposed method to real-world data invarious scientific fields, turbulence, optical tweezers for trapped particles, neuroscience,renewable energy, and market price analysis.
Effects of Heat and Pressure Loading on Erythema and Skin Microclimate at Pressure-Prone Areas of Semirecumbent Healthy Adults
Authors: Borzdynski Caroline , Miller Charne , McGuiness Bill
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Altered localized microclimate conditions are known to increase the risk of pressure injuries in immobile patients. Limited in vivo studies have examined how skin properties change over time and under different skin microclimate conditions.

OBJECTIVE

To examine changes in erythema, stratum corneum hydration, and skin temperature in response to an altered microclimate, simulated by the introduction of heat, at the skin–support surface interface of semirecumbent healthy adults.

METHODS

In this quasi-experimental study, researchers obtained noninvasive biophysical skin measures at the elbows, heels, and sacrum of healthy adults positioned semirecumbently. Participants advanced through a controlled condition and heat intervention. Repeated measures were gathered at the anatomic sites every 10 minutes for 60 minutes per condition. Linear mixed models were used to compare skin measures over time and between conditions.

RESULTS

Large regional variation in skin measures emerged by condition and among participants. The introduction of heat increased skin temperature at the heels (P < .001), elbows (P = .005), and sacrum (P < .001). Erythema increased at the sacrum (P = .012) but at no other anatomic testing site. There was no impact on stratum corneum hydration as a result of increased heat at any anatomic testing site.

CONCLUSIONS

More frequent monitoring cycles for erythematous skin discoloration and thermal changes may be required at the sacral skin in immobile patients. Distinctive protocols in relation to skin-care regimens may be warranted for individual patients. Skin cooling, enabled by intermittent off-loading of pressure-prone areas, may assist optimization of the skin microclimate.
Temporal trends in the incidence of second primary cancers in Northern Portugal: a population-based study
Authors: Gonçalves Elisabete , Fontes Filipa , Rodrigues Jéssica Rocha , Antunes Luis , Bento Maria José , Lunet Nuno , Morais Samantha
Published: February 2025

The growing number of cancer survivors has led to an increase in the frequency of multiple primary cancers. This study aimed to describe the temporal trends in the incidence rates and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of second primary cancers (SPCs) among patients diagnosed with a first primary cancer (FPC) in 2000–03, 2004–07 and 2008–11 in Northern Portugal. Population-based samples of patients diagnosed with an FPC (excluding skin non-melanoma) in 3 periods of 4 years, between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2011, and registered in the Portuguese North Region Cancer Registry were followed for the diagnosis of an SPC or death until 31 December 2013. Incidence rates and SIRs were estimated for each period by sex, and considering the time between FPC and SPC diagnosis (synchronous and metachronous). During follow-up, 10 119 (7.4%) SPCs were identified among patients diagnosed with an FPC in 2000–11 (n = 136 382). The incidence rate of SPCs was over 10-fold higher in the first few months, remaining stable over the follow-up. Higher rates were observed in 2004–07 and 2008–11. Overall, a greater proportion of SPCs was diagnosed among males than females. The proportion of SPCs diagnosed increased with age. Increases in SIRs of SPCs were observed from 2000–03 to 2008–11, ranging from 1.16 to 1.77 and from 1.54 to 2.33, among males and females, respectively. This was particularly evident for FPCs and SPCs of the lip, oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus and larynx among males, and colon and rectum, lung, ovary and cervix among females. Survivors of cancer in Northern Portugal had higher incidence rates of cancer than the general population, which have increased over time. Our findings highlight the need for enhanced surveillance and tailored strategies for survivors of cancer, emphasizing the challenges of their heightened cancer risk, patient expectations, and associated economic burden.
Rescue Pneumatic Retinopexy for Retinal Detachment in Vitrectomized Eyes
Authors: Adams Olufemi E. , Kumar Sandeep , Pecaku Aurora , Shroff Daraius , Rizvi Fatima , Momenaei Bita , Yu Michael D. , Klufas Michael A. , Muni Rajeev H. , Yonekawa Yoshihiro
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

To report the visual and anatomic outcomes of pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) in vitrectomized eyes.

Methods:

This was a retrospective multi-center study evaluating eyes 1) treated with PnR for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) that 2) had a prior history of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for any indication. At least 3 months of follow-up was required.

Results:

A total of 38 eyes from 38 patients met inclusion criteria. Retinal reattachment after a single PnR was achieved in 71.1% (27/38). The primary anatomic reattachment rate (PARR) was 100% (12/12) for eyes which previously underwent PPV for indications other than RRD, but lower (57.7%; 15/26) for those with a history of RRD repair (p<0.001). Median logMAR VA (Snellen equivalent) improved from 0.74 (20/110) to 0.48 (20/60) at 3 months (p=0.004), 0.44 (20/55) at 6 months (p=0.002), 0.35 (20/45) at 12 months (p=0.007), and 0.30 (20/40) at the final visit (p=0.007).

Conclusion:

PnR may be a useful and less invasive rescue technique to reattach the retina in previously vitrectomized eyes with a RRD, especially in those without prior RRD history.
Blood Parechovirus RT-PCR Testing in Neonates and Infants: Comparison of Clinical and Biologic Features With Those of Enterovirus Infections
Authors: Archimbaud Christine , Dommergues Marie-Aliette , Lafolie Jeremy , Pereira Bruno , Verdan Matthieu , Adam Marie Noelle , Madhi Fouad , L’Honneur Anne-Sophie , Mirand Audrey , Bailly Jean-Luc , Henquell Cécile , Marque-Juillet Stéphanie ,   on Behalf of the Blood Enterovirus Diagnosis Infection (BLEDI) Group in the Pediatric Population Study Team
Published: February 2025

Background:

To assess human parechovirus (HPeV) detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction in blood with or without cerebrospinal fluid samples in neonates and infants and compare the clinical and biological characteristics of HPeV patients with those of patients with or without enterovirus (EV) infection.

Methods:

In all, 92 HPeV-infected patients (40 newborns and 52 infants) presenting with fever without source, sepsis-like disease or suspected meningitis were evaluated in 2 French hospitals from 2007 to 2018. The clinical and biological characteristics of HPeV patients were compared with those of 100 EV-infected patients and of 95 control patients with fever without source or sepsis-like disease.

Results:

HPeV was detected more frequently in blood [100% (51/51)] than in cerebrospinal fluid specimens [89% (67/75), P = 0.02]. Genotyping identified HPeV3 in 76/85 (89%) positive specimens. HPeV-infected patients were more likely than EV-infected or control patients to have sepsis-like disease and required more frequent vascular filling (39% in newborns and 26% in infants) and empirical antibiotics (91% in newborns and 69% in infants). HPeV patients had lower peripheral white blood cell counts and lower lymphocyte levels (P = 0.002) and longer lengths of hospital stay than EV or control patients (P = 0.03). A white blood cell count <7×109/L can be helpful in differentiating HPeV patients from control patients.

Conclusions:

Detection of HPeV should be part of the differential diagnosis of EV infections. The use of small automata to perform real-time polymerase chain reaction assays in emergency units should allow faster diagnosis and, if the result is positive, avoid prolonged length of hospital stay and unnecessary administration of antibiotics in patients without virus-bacteria co-infection.
Identifying Health Services Preferences for a Community-Based HIV Status–Neutral Mobile Clinic Among Marginalized Populations in Oakland, CA: A Maximum-Difference Analysis
Authors: Gutierrez Jose I. , Nguyen Elizabeth S. , Soriano Kristin D. , Rodriguez Garcia Lidia , Liu Albert , Wilson Natalie L.
Published: February 2025

Leveraging patient preferences can improve patient satisfaction and engagement in intentional health services. We explored desired health services preferences of marginalized populations accessing HIV-related care engagement to inform the implementation of an HIV prevention and treatment mobile clinic model. We conducted a maximum-difference survey with 154 people at community events and homeless encampments in Oakland, CA. Participants ranked 32 items in differentials of importance on a tablet, which were analyzed with Hierarchical Bayesian modeling. Fourteen services were prioritized, including housing, mental health counseling and screening, drug overdose prevention, personal hygiene, and food assistance. Participants indicated preferences for services that address basic physiological and safety needs (i.e., housing services, food, personal hygiene supplies, drug overdose treatment, and mental health support and engagement), physical examinations, screenings, and medication refills. Incorporating community-informed preferences into the development of services may improve engagement in care alongside a syndemic approach toward ending the HIV epidemic.
Reliability and Validity of the Survey on Activities of Daily Living and Occupations of Upper Extremity Amputees’ Turkish Version
Authors: Bebek Aslı , Karahan Sevilay , Topuz Semra
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of the Survey on Activities of Daily Living and Occupations of Upper Extremity Amputees (ADLO-UEA).

Methods

The translation of the questionnaire from English into Turkish and intercultural adaptation were carried out in accordance with the rules of the Beaton translation methods. A total of 125 individuals with upper-limb amputation participated to the study. A test and a retest were administered to the participants within 72 hours. Reliability coefficients were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed to determine these coefficients, including the calculation of Cronbach α using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21, Chicago, IL, USA, program. Validity analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and visual analog scale (VAS) were used for the validity analyses. Internal consistency (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) of the Turkish version was calculated.

Results

As a result of reliability analysis, positive correlation was found between test and retest (ICC = 0.969). In the question of satisfaction level with the prosthesis, a positive correlation was determined between test and retest (r = 0.93, P < 0.001). In the activities of daily living section, a positive correlation was observed between the test and retest for all items (P < 0.001). There was also a positive correlation between total scores (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] = 0.940; P < 0.001). The Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.55 indicated a significant moderate negative correlation between the total score of the ninth section of daily living activities and the total DASH score (r = −0.884, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

It was concluded that the Turkish translation of the survey is valid, reliable, and can be used for individuals with upper-limb amputation.

Clinical Relevance

With this study, a comprehensive survey was provided to health care professionals working with individuals with upper-limb amputation. Persons with upper-limb amputation can explain their daily living activities more easily by using the questionnaire.
Mining TCGA to reveal immunotherapy-related genes for soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Li Ruixin , Yao Fan , Liu Yijin , Wu Xiaodan , Su Peng , Li Tianran , Wu Nan
Published: February 2025

Immunotherapy of soft tissue sarcoma is considered an important development direction for the future. Bioinformatics analysis of genetic changes in tumors and the immune microenvironment around tumors has proven to be a mature and reliable method for predicting tumor prognosis. By mining the Cancer Genome Atlas Program database, we found immunotherapy targets of soft tissue sarcoma and analyzed their biological behavior. The data of 265 samples were downloaded to analyze the expression profile of soft tissue sarcomas. This included calculating tumor purity through the estimation of stromal and immune cells in malignant tumors using expression data, acquisition of differential genes as prognostic factors, and enrichment analysis of the differential genes. Survival analysis showed longer overall survival times for patients with higher immune scores. We obtained 83 survival-related differential genes through survival analysis, and 23 genes that could be used as independent risk factors for the prognosis of soft tissue sarcoma were obtained by multiple regression analysis of the differential genes and other recognized risk factors. Gene set enrichment analysis of the differential genes obtained immune and inflammatory gene ontology terms and signal pathways, including regulation of the T-cell apoptotic process and leukocyte transendothelial migration. After validation in an independent data set of the Gene Expression Omnibus database, 12 genes were confirmed as a result. We believe that these differential genes will be new targets for sarcoma immunotherapy and key genes for the prognosis of soft tissue sarcoma.
Horseshoe appendix: A case report and literature review
Authors: Pflieger Hannah , Tchikladzé-mérand Christine
Published: February 2025

Rationale:

Horseshoe appendix is 1 of the rarest types of duplex appendix characterized by 1 appendix having 2 openings at the cecum. Clinically, it is extremely rare and is detected incidentally at surgery. Therefore, accurate and timely diagnosis is important for enhanced prognosis, treatment planning, and optimizing patient outcomes. This case report presents the first case of horseshoe appendix in France.

Patient concerns:

A French 15-year-old boy, presented to the emergency department with pain in the right iliac fossa that had been worsening for 4 days. Considering his symptoms, abdominal ultrasound, radiological examination, and computed tomography (CT) scan results, an acute appendix was suspected.

Diagnoses:

Acute appendicitis (AA) with “horseshoe” type appendix.

Interventions:

Surgical intervention with exploratory laparoscopy was performed immediately.

Outcomes:

We found a heterogeneous image, partially fluid in the right iliac fossa, measuring approximately 16 × 9 mm, with inflammatory remodeling of the fat upon contact. The radiological examination concluded that complicated AA was suspected. Finally, the pathological report revealed acute suppurative appendicitis with peritoneal reaction.

Lessons:

Horseshoe appendix is rare. Considering his symptoms, radiological examination, ultrasound, and CT scan results, an acute appendix was suspected. The patient was successfully treated using emergency surgery and antibiotics treatment thanks to further diagnosis via exploratory laparoscopy and pus microbial analysis.
Effectiveness and safety of intravitreal aflibercept injection for neovascular glaucoma: A single-center, retrospective, observational study in China
Authors: Fan Xiang , Gao Shuang , Wang Haikun , Yang Fan
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal aflibercept injections in Chinese patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG). We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study that identified adult Chinese patients diagnosed with NVG who received intravitreal aflibercept between January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2022, by reviewing medical records. The patients were followed-up for a month. Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) levels and improvements in neovascularization of the iris (NVI) grades at weeks 1 and 4 compared to baseline were the main outcomes for effectiveness. Safety was assessed on the basis of the occurrence of adverse ocular events. Subgroup analysis was performed for patients with high baseline IOP (>21 mm Hg) and scheduled surgery within the follow-up period. A sum of 42 eyes from 42 patients were included in the full analysis. The included eyes had improved NVI grades by at least 1 level in 84.00% of the eyes after a week and in 91.67% after a month. The mean decline of IOP in 11 eyes that were measured at week 4 was −6.29 mm Hg compared to baseline. Similar trends were observed in the subgroups. Intravitreal aflibercept injection is safe and effective in lowering IOP and inducing NVI regression in Chinese patients, as measured by improvements in NVI grades.
Effect of immunomodulatory agents on the response to COVID-19 vaccination among patients with neuromuscular diseases: A single center experience
Authors: Hsu Jaylin , Shieh Perry B.
Published: February 2025

Immunomodulatory agents, commonly used in autoimmune neuromuscular disorders, may significantly attenuate immunological response to vaccines. Yet, the degree to which different classes of these drugs suppress the immune system is unclear. This study aimed to characterize the response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines among our cohort of patients with neuromuscular diseases, including both patients who are and are not receiving immunomodulatory agents. This was a retrospective chart review of our single-center neuromuscular clinic patients who had undergone semi-quantitative COVID-19 antibody testing. A sum of 111 patients were initially identified, and 44 were excluded because of various reasons (e.g., COVID-19 infection, etc). The remaining 67 patients had undergone antibody testing after receiving one of the FDA-approved COVID-19 vaccines (2 doses of Moderna or Pfizer/BioNTech, or 1 of Janssen). A sum of 52 of these patients were receiving immunomodulatory treatments, and 15 were not. Patients were grouped based on their relative antibody response to vaccination, and the antibody responses of patients on each of the different immunomodulatory treatments were compared to those of patients not on any immunomodulation. Patients receiving B-cell depleting therapies demonstrated the weakest response to vaccination (P = .002), and those on mycophenolate mofetil also displayed a weaker response compared to patients not on immunomodulation (P = .045). Corticosteroids (P = .584) and intravenous immunoglobulin (P = .941) had minimal effect on COVID-19 antibody response. The degree to which a specific agent may affect a patient’s immune response to vaccines or infections may play a role in a clinician’s choice of treatment.
Higher dose of rivaroxaban for the treatment of venous thromboembolism in a 15-year-old Asian child with antithrombin deficiency: A case report and literature review
Authors: Liang Chun-Su , Chen Yue-Xin , Liu Fang , Yue Yue-Dong , Du Li-Ping
Published: February 2025

Rationale:

Deficiency in antithrombin (AT) can significantly increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, there is insufficient data on the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants in patients with AT deficiency, especially in children. In addition, Asian populations typically require a lower dose of rivaroxaban, and this may be even more pronounced in Asian children. This case aims to explore the potential efficacy and safety of a higher dose of rivaroxaban in an Asian child with AT deficiency and VTE.

Patient concerns:

A 15-year-old boy was referred to our center with severe deep vein thrombosis progression. The primary concern was the effective management of the thromboembolic events while minimizing the risk of bleeding, given the patient’s young age and AT deficiency.

Diagnoses:

The patient was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis with AT deficiency.

Interventions:

The patient was treated with a higher dose of rivaroxaban, which was 15 mg twice a day for 3 weeks, followed by 20 mg per day for 6 months, which was a relatively high dose for an Asian child.

Outcomes:

During the follow-up period, the patient did not experience any VTE events or bleeding events.

Lessons:

This case provides additional data on the efficacy and safety of direct oral factor Xa inhibitors in patients with VTE and AT deficiency. It suggests that for Asian children with AT deficiency, considering a higher dose of rivaroxaban could be beneficial, especially when the children’s height, weight, and age are close to adults.
The predictive value of the LDH-albumin ratio on poor clinical course and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A single-center study
Authors: Kaya Huseyin , Argun Baris Serap , Gultepe Baris , Basyigit Ilknur , Boyaci Hasim
Published: February 2025

There are studies evaluating the association of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and albumin levels with mortality in COVID-19 patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the predictive effect of the LDH/albumin ratio (LAR) on mortality and poor clinical course in COVID-19 patients. A total of 2093 patients for whom LDH and albumin tests were available were included in the study. Demographic data, length of hospitalization, and signs of poor clinical course were recorded and compared with the LAR value at the time of hospitalization. The study included 1010 female (48.3%) and 1083 male (51.7%) patients. Notably, 1408 (67.3%) of the patients had at least 1 comorbidity. Oxygen was required in 860 patients (41.1%) and intensive care unit was required in 215 patients (10.3%). The mortality rate was 8.1% (n: 170). The median LAR value was 8.05. A positive correlation was observed between LAR and length of hospitalization. The LAR value was significantly higher in patients who died compared with those who survived, in patients who required intensive care compared with those who did not, and in patients who required oxygen compared to those who did not. The cutoff value for LAR in predicting mortality was calculated as 10.48. The sensitivity and specificity were determined as 73.5% and 73.7%. In conclusion, serum LAR at the time of admission is predictive of poor clinical course and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Patients with LAR values higher than the cutoff value should be closely monitored for poor clinical course.