bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproduction and ethics
Authors: Mertes Heidi
Published: February 2023

The ethics of reproduction is concerned with outlining and critically analysing the moral pitfalls and opportunities surrounding reproductive decision-making by prospective parents, health care professionals and policy makers.

A central concept in reproductive ethics is the widely recognised right to reproductive freedom. People are free to decide whether, how, and with whom they wish to reproduce, as long as their reproductive decisions do not substantially harm third parties. The most relevant third party, of course, is the future child. Various standards have been advanced to determine the level of welfare that should be safeguarded for that child.

A philosophical problem underlying the discussion about the most appropriate welfare standard is the non-identity problem, which refers to the fact that if the only way in which someone could exist is with a disability caused by the circumstances of their conception, and if they have a life worth living, then they cannot be said to be harmed by their conception. This appears to plead for a very low welfare standard for the future child. Another principle in reproductive ethics, procreative beneficence, however, holds that if one has the choice about which people to bring to life, one should choose for those people who are most likely to have the best quality of life, which directs us towards a higher welfare standard. Generally, a ‘reasonable welfare standard’ is adopted, which does not allow procedures that would lead to significant harm or suffering, although it allows for a limited level of risk.

In debates regarding the ending of embryonic or foetal life, rather than establishing it, a central concept is the moral status of the human embryo or foetus. Whether, and to what extent, abortion or embryo research is acceptable, will in part depend on the moral status accorded to the embryo and foetus. As different people have adopted different criteria to determine this moral status, these issues remain controversial.

Another locus of ongoing controversy can be found at the crossroads of genetics and reproduction as genetic screening is becoming a more central element in modern reproduction (especially prenatally, but also pre-implantation and pre-conception). Genetic screening leads to greater reproductive autonomy and the prevention of suffering, but also to concerns about eugenics and its impact on society. The possibility of germline genome modification is likely to add fuel to the fire in this debate.
Supererogation
Authors: Archer A.T.M.
Published: February 2023

A supererogatory act is an act that is beyond the call of duty. In other words, it is an act that is morally good to perform but that is not morally required. For example, someone who sacrifices their own life in order to save someone else’s acts in a morally praiseworthy way but it does not seem that they were required to act in this way.

Supererogation raises a number of philosophical problems. The first concerns how to explain the connection between moral goodness and moral obligation. If acts of supererogation exist then this rules out a simple connection according to which we must always perform the act that is morally best. However, if this is not the connection between moral goodness and moral obligation then what is? This puzzle has been called the paradox of supererogation.

The second problem, called the all or nothing problem, relates to cases where a helpful action appears to be supererogatory but once someone decides to help they are obliged to do so in a particular way.

The third problem, called the transitivity problem, arises when we consider the relationship between three cases where someone must make a choice between two acts they could perform. The puzzle arises because it seems that in such cases there exist reasons that can make it permissible not to perform an action that is very good from the moral point of view but that do not make it permissible not to perform an act that is less good from the moral point of view.
Categories
Authors: Westerhoff Jan
Published: February 2023

Even though categories play an important role in philosophy (especially in ontology and metaphysics), it is clear that not all categories play such a role. Philosophers are very interested in the categories of the material and the mental, or the abstract and the concrete, but not so much in the categories of knives and forks, or fruit and vegetables. This fact instantly raises the first philosophical problem connected with categories: what is the difference between those that seem philosophically weighty, and those that do not?

Once we have addressed this question and demarcated the categories philosophers are interested in (sometimes referred to as ontological categories), an immediately following question concerns their nature.

Does the set of these categories (often a set that is structured in some way, frequently in the form of a tree) constitute the structure of the world in a very general sense, or is this set rather indicative of the structure of our thinking about the world?

In either case it is necessary to come up with some idea of how we can know the ontological categories in the first place. We can find out about knives and forks by merely looking at the world, but the fundamental distinction between concrete things like billiard balls and abstract things like numbers is not similarly obvious. We therefore need to engage in some epistemology of metaphysics in order to determine whether we find out about the structure of categories by examining the world through our senses, by various armchair exercises (such as reflecting on our thinking about the world, or about the use of language), or by a combination of the two.

Finally, we may also wonder what our newly acquired knowledge of categories could be for. What role do ontological categories play in solving philosophical problems, or in formulating philosophical theories? And is their usefulness strictly confined to philosophy, or do they have any function in other intellectual endeavours?
Universals
Authors: Cowling Sam
Published: February 2023

Universals such as humanity, redness, and mass are general entities instantiated by particulars. For example, Trudeau and Obama are particulars that instantiate the universal humanity just as stop signs and strawberries instantiate the universal redness. Universals are often held to occupy one or more of the theoretical roles associated with properties. Among other tasks, they are commonly thought to explain the similarities between distinct particulars and to serve as the meaning of expressions like ‘humanity’ and ‘being red’. Unlike trope theory, which rejects universals in favour of particularized property instances like the redness of this very apple or the humanity of Obama, universals are often described as ‘the one over the many’ as they are shared or had in common by distinct particulars.

The division between particulars and universals is of both historical and contemporary significance. On one historically influential usage, nominalism is the thesis that reality is exhaustively particular. It therefore explicitly rejects general entities like universals. On a second and perhaps more contemporary usage, nominalism is the denial that there are any abstract entities such as numbers and propositions. Since universals are usually held to be abstract rather than concrete entities, proponents of universals and nominalists – regardless of how ‘nominalism’ is understood – typically stand opposed. Within contemporary metaphysics, there remains considerable disagreement about the nature of universals including their variety, structure, and the instantiation relation that ties universals to particulars. Note, also, that terminological complications abound in this area with some authors using ‘instantiation’ interchangeably with ‘exemplification’ or ‘characterization’ and others taking talk of ‘properties’, ‘qualities’, or ‘attributes’ to be synonymous with talk of ‘universals’. This latter practice often unhelpfully obscures important distinctions among competing views about properties.
Meta-metaphysics
Authors: Tahko Tuomas E.
Published: February 2023

Meta-metaphysics concerns the nature and methodology of metaphysics and metaphysical inquiry. The emergence of meta-metaphysics as a systematic area of study is relatively recent, going back to the late 1990s. But the issues pursued in meta-metaphysics are certainly not novel: an age-old question about the nature of metaphysics is whether it is possible to obtain knowledge about metaphysical matters in the first place, and if it is, how this knowledge is obtained.

The contemporary trend in meta-metaphysics was largely inspired by a well-known debate between Rudolf Carnap and W.V.O. Quine. This debate focused on the notion of existence and the seemingly problematic commitment to the existence of things that, on the face of it, do not exist, such as fictional entities or abstract entities such as numbers. But important as this issue is, contemporary meta-metaphysics has a much broader focus: it attempts to situate the field of metaphysics both within philosophy and within human inquiry more broadly speaking. Hence, meta-metaphysics has close ties to epistemology and philosophy of science, given that a central question in this area is how, or whether, metaphysical inquiry differs from scientific inquiry.

One issue that may cause confusion is that the terms ‘meta-metaphysics’ and ‘metaontology’ are often used synonymously. But there are good reasons to distinguish them. Metaontology has a somewhat stricter focus and continues the tradition of the Quine–Carnap debate; it concerns issues such as the problems related to quantifying over abstract or non-existent entities. Meta-metaphysics also involves other themes than those already mentioned (see Tahko 2015). These include the definition of metaphysical and ontological realism, the discussion surrounding metaphysical grounding and fundamentality (see Bliss and Trogdon 2016), and the epistemology of metaphysics more broadly conceived.
Fictionalism in metaphysics
Authors: Caddick Bourne Emily
Published: February 2023

Fictionalism proposes that a certain discourse – such as talk about possible worlds, or mathematical talk – is useful, perhaps even indispensable for theoretical purposes, but should not be taken as true. The fictionalist argues that the content of this discourse can be treated as fictional – as belonging to ‘the fiction of many possible worlds’ or ‘the fiction of numbers as objects’, for example. By adopting this treatment, they propose that we can have the benefits which are offered by positing entities such as worlds, without believing in them. In this way, fictionalism tries to offer a way in which we can engage in and make sense of the same kind of talk a realist licenses, but without the realist’s metaphysical commitments. ‘Fictionalism’ is a term of art, and its boundaries with neighbouring positions such as quasi-realism, error theory and deflationism are not always clear-cut, but a distinctive idea fictionalism brings to metaphysics is that we might make sense of an area of discourse by giving a realist account the status of fiction.

One way some fictionalists account for an area of discourse in fictionalist terms is by making use of fiction operators such as ‘It is true in the many-worlds fiction that …’ or ‘According to the fiction of numbers as objects …’ Another way is by suggesting that participating in such discourse could be something done in a spirit of pretence: what the realist suggests would be explained by believing in certain objects or taking certain statements to be true can, the fictionalist suggests, be explained by construing the discourse as something more like a game of make-believe in which we imagine certain objects to exist and certain facts to obtain.

Some challenges for fictionalism stem from the nature of fiction itself. For example, fictional characters, or fictions themselves, might be best understood as abstract objects, but some fictionalists want to avoid committing to abstract entities. Fictions can also be unlike the discourses fictionalists wish to capture, in certain significant ways. Other potential problems for fictionalism include a threat that it is self-defeating, some difficulties with characterizing what the content of the fiction is, and a challenge that philosophers do not know best concerning the commitments of other people’s discourse.
Truthmaking
Authors: Asay Jamin
Published: February 2023

Truthmaking is the relationship that holds between truths and the objects in the world in virtue of which those truths are true. Truthmaker theorists deploy the idea of truthmaking in order to advance arguments for the existence of various kinds of ontological posits, critique metaphysical positions, and better articulate accounts of truth, realism and other topics.

The basic idea behind truthmaking can be found in the work of Aristotle, and is closely connected to logical atomism and correspondence theories of truth. Truthmaking came into its own as an independent research project in contemporary metaphysics in the late 20th century.

The truthmaking relation is often, but not always, thought to be a necessary, hyperintensional relation of metaphysical dependence. That is, what it is for some object x to be a truthmaker for some truth p is for the truth of p to depend on the existence of x, such that it is impossible for x to exist and p be false. As some theorists put the point, p is true in virtue of x: p is not made true by just any entity whose existence always accompanies its truth.

One major debate in the theory of truthmaking is whether or not all truths have truthmakers. Maximalists argue that all truths need truthmakers; non-maximalists argue that some truths lack truthmakers. Candidate counterexamples are negative existentials (‘There are no flying penguins’), universal generalizations (‘All humans are mortal’) and analytic truths (‘Skyscrapers are buildings’).

Truthmaker theorists frequently argue for the existence of objects such as states of affairs or tropes, as such entities, if they exist, necessitate the truth of contingent predications. For example, Socrates himself does not guarantee the truth of ‘Socrates is a philosopher’, for he might have existed but failed to become a philosopher. Hence there must be some object that brings together Socrates and the property of being a philosopher. In this way, some philosophers use truthmaker theory to argue against various forms of metaphysical nominalism. Truthmaker arguments have also been used to argue against presentism, phenomenalism and dispositionalism.
Pragmatic Encroachment
Authors: Ganson Dorit
Published: February 2023

When Pascal entreats us to ‘Wager, then, without hesitation that He is’ upon consideration of the potential gains (all) and losses (nothing) of such a wager, we recognise that he is offering a pragmatic defence of belief in God. Similarly, when Linus inquires of Lucy, ‘Why should I believe you?’ and she responds ‘I’ll give you five good reasons’ while folding each of her fingers into a fist, we understand that she is providing a decidedly practical, non-epistemic reason for Linus to believe her. While our practical interests and circumstances are potentially relevant to the practical rationality of our doxastic attitudes, it is harder to see how such concerns could bear on the distinctively epistemic evaluation of our beliefs. According to the stance of epistemic purism (also intellectualism), practical considerations cannot make a difference when it comes to whether or not an agent’s belief that p is epistemically rational, epistemically justified, or involves her knowing that p.

According to the thesis of pragmatic encroachment (a term coined by Jonathan Kvanvig), the pragmatic ‘encroaches’ on the epistemic: practical considerations such as the potential costs of acting on p if p is false or the benefits of acting on p if p is true can make a genuine epistemic difference. Two subjects in different practical circumstances can differ with respect to whether they are epistemically justified in believing that p even though they are the same with respect to all truth-relevant, intellectual factors, such as the quantity and quality of their evidence for and against p, the reliability of the methods they rely on in forming their attitudes towards p, etc. Sometimes more evidence is needed to know or to be epistemically justified in believing as the stakes get higher and the odds longer. On the face of it, such a thesis seems quite counterintuitive. We are not inclined to think that a sudden loss of a comfortable fortune or conversion to a devil-may-care attitude will immediately undermine or enhance our ability to know. Knowledge is supposed to be ‘tied down’ to the truth − not the sort of thing that might come and go over time or across worlds with mere changes in practical interests and circumstances. A number of compelling considerations help to counter these misgivings.
Physicalism
Authors: Melnyk Andrew
Published: February 2023

Physicalism is a view about the relationship between people’s mental properties and their physical properties. It claims that people’s mental properties are nothing over and above – nothing additional to – their physical properties. People’s mental properties would certainly be nothing over and above their physical properties if their mental properties turned out to form a proper subset of their physical properties, so that every mental property turned out to be identical with – to be literally one and the same thing as – some physical property (e.g. the physical property of having one’s brain be in such and such neurophysiological state).

People’s mental properties might also be nothing over and above their physical properties if mental properties turned out to be identical with functional properties that were physically realised. A functional property is the property of having some or other physical property that plays a particular functional role (e.g. that has certain typical causes and typical effects). For example, suppose the mental property of being in pain turns out to be the property of being in some or other internal state that is typically caused by bodily damage and that typically causes wincing and groaning. In that case, if the internal state playing that functional role is always in fact some physical state of the brain, even if it is not always the same type of physical brain state, then being in pain is nothing over and above a physical property.

The claim that a particular mental property is identical with a particular physical or functional property is not advanced as any kind of a priori claim, e.g. as a conceptual or analytic truth. It must be supported by empirical evidence. For example, it is argued that the identification of mental property M with physical property P would provide the best explanation of an observed correlation between instances of M and instances of P. Physicalism is claimed to be analogous to such a posteriori scientific hypotheses as that genes are segments of DNA or that chemical elements are systems of physical particles.

The two features of mental states that are most often argued to present a problem for physicalism are the phenomenal character of sensations (e.g. the introspectible nature of a severe toothache) and the intentionality of beliefs and desires (e.g. the fact that believing that Bhutan is in India is about Bhutan and India). Physicalists have offered physicalism-friendly accounts of both features.
Thirty-day Mortality and Morbidity After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Seah Victor WT , Singh Gurvinder , Yang Kuang Ying , Yeo Seng Jin , Lo Ngai Nung , Seow Kang Hong
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most successful orthopaedic procedures to date. It is estimated that over 130,000 of TKAs are performed in the United States every year. Whilst the procedure is safe, it nevertheless carries a risk of perioperative mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to report the mortality rate within 30 days after a TKA, as well as to assess the incidence of early postoperative morbidities.

Materials and Methods: We reviewed a total of 2219 TKAs performed by multiple surgeons in our centre from 1998 to 2001. All mortalities within 30 days of a TKA were recorded. Morbidities such as infection, thromboembolic phenomenon, and any re-admissions within 30 days of operation or 15 days of discharge were recorded.

Results: The mortality rate within 30 days of a TKA was 0.27% (6 of 2219 patients). The incidence of early postoperative infection was 1.8%, of which 1.44% were superficial and 0.36% were deep infections. There were 3 cases (0.13%) of pulmonary embolism and 22 cases (0.99%) of deep vein thrombosis.

Conclusions: The 30-day mortality rate, and the incidence of infection after TKA performed in our institution is comparable to other centres around the world, and further emphasises that TKA is a safe procedure. However, the small number of mortalities in this study does not allow us to identify a predominant cause of perioperative mortality.

Key words: Deep vein thrombosis, Infection, Pulmonary embolism
The Feasibility of Using Random Administrative Samples (The French Experiment) in Population Censuses in African Countries
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia, Elmobarak Elkhatim Abuelysar
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to introduce the usefulness of the French method in using administrative samples in population censuses, especially in African countries that suffer from financial, logistical and human difficulties in completing their censuses in a comprehensive and accurate manner every ten years according to international standards. In this paper, the results of the Fifth Population Census 2008 AD were compared with the results of the Comprehensive Health Survey 2006 AD to test the adequacy of the samples in expressing the population census at least. Additional to the feasibility of the French method in general.
GIS Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Locating Bank Branches
Authors:   Department of geographical information system, university of medical science and technology Khartoum-Sudan., Hammam Dr. Nazar , Abdisalaam Khadar Daahir ,   Department of geographical information system, university of medical science and technology Khartoum-Sudan., Mohammed Anwar Sidahmed ,   Remote Sensing and Seismology Authority-National Center for Research- Sudan
Published: February 2023

In banking industry, optimum location of the bank branch plays an important role in ensuring the success of the bank. It is one of the most important decision making processes. This issue is highly important because of the vibrant competition, limited budgets and high customer expectations .This study’s objective is to provide a hybrid model for selecting optimal site location using available data sources and well accepted decision models, specifically Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Geographic Information System (GIS).The process identified the most commonly used criteria for bank branch location consideration through literature review yielding demographics, competition, transportation, access to public facilities. Criteria and sub-criteria weights were quantified through pair-wise comparison using expert judges, via ANP. The database created for the study area (Khartoum Locality) includes data about demographics, competition, transportation, access to public facilities available in the area. With the help of Esri’s ArcGIS software through using the weighted overlay analysis tool we have identified suitable sites of new bank branches .The results showed five optimal locations for new bank branch in Khartoum locality; location near Madani St, location close to Bashir Elnefedi St, location at Firdous East Square 8, and two other sites in Khartoum West (Shajra Avenue). For the conclusion, these results show the efficiency and applicability of the proposed integrated method.
BUMDes Partnership Model with Microfinance Institutions in the Context of Developing the Tourism Industry and Creative Economy in Madura
Authors:   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesia, Zulkifli Makhmud , Djulaeka Djulaeka ,   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesia
Published: February 2023

Independent Village as a dream of the ideals of National Development, so far it has faced many obstacles. The Social and Economic Sector is one of the many factors faced in the village. In the economic sector, there are still many people who are below the poverty line. Data from BPS (Central Statistics Agency) in 2017 there were 26.58 million people or 10.12% of Indonesia’s population below the poverty line. Meanwhile, in the social sector, the nature of mutual cooperation has begun to fade among rural communities. One of the efforts that can alleviate poverty and increase economic growth in rural areas is the existence of BUMDes in the Labang Bangkalan District, Madura, which is spread over 3 villages. There are 3 active BUMDes in the Labang sub-district, namely in Labang, Sukolilo Barat and Bunaji villages. To improve the village economy, there are two approaches that can be taken: a) Community needs in making changes. b) Political will and the ability of the village government together with the community in implementing the plans that have been prepared (Rutiadi, 2001 in Bachrein, 2010) This study aims to see the appropriate partnership model between BUMDes and Microfinance Institutions in improving the tourism and creative economy sectors in Labang sub-district.
The Impact of Economic Growth on Poverty Reduction in Kenya: Empirical Analysis Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model
Authors:   University of Nairobi, Maundu Mutunga Dennis , Samuel Misati Dr. Nyandemo ,   University of Nairobi
Published: February 2023

This paper is an empirical analysis of the impact of economic growth on poverty reduction while controlling for inflation and employment over the period 1997-2019. The study seeks to provide insights into the process of alleviating poverty in Kenya. Empirical analysis is done using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model approach. The time series was first transformed into logarithmic form before contacting unit root test for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. According to the ADF test results, the dependent variable is integrated of order one while the explanatory variables are integrated of different orders. None of the variables is integrated of order above one. As a result, bounds test was used to test for cointegration. The bound’s test null hypothesis of no levels relationship was rejected. Due to the presence of long-run relationship, Error Correction (EC) model was specified for estimation. The coefficient of the error correction term was negative as expected and statistically significant at 5% level. The error terms were free from serial correlation and their variance was constant. Multicolinearity was not a problem and the model was very stable thus valid for forecasting. The results provide evidence that economic growth fosters poverty reduction in Kenya.
Effectiveness of Stress Management Intervention on the Stress Level of Children in Rose of Sharon House of Friendship
Authors:   College of Health and Allied Sciences, Pamantasan ng Cabuyao, Mercado Mericar S. , Salcedo Charles Hubie L. ,   College of Health and Allied Sciences, Pamantasan ng Cabuyao, Servo Jenele Patricia L. ,   College of Health and Allied Sciences, Pamantasan ng Cabuyao, Tomenio Diana Yvonne C. ,   College of Health and Allied Sciences, Pamantasan ng Cabuyao, Paster Araceli Bustamante- ,   Adviser Pamantasanng Cabuyao
Published: February 2023

The objective of this scholarly work is to determine how a stress management intervention influences the stress levels of children in a foundation. To make this feasible, a questionnaire based on the transcribed Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), a 10-item tool that surveys about thoughts and feelings from the preceding month, was utilized. The Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire underwent pilot testing to verify its reliability, and the results showed that the instrument had "acceptable reliability" according to Nunnally and Bernstein (1994), with an alpha value of 0.63. (10 items, 30 participants). N=30 receive treatment, 6week intervention. The experiment employed a within-subject design, which is then used to assess the efficacy of the stress management intervention. Founded by the results of the within measures ANOVA, it was determined that there was a significant difference in the level o f stress after receiving the stress management interventions, as indicated by the f-value (3) = 7.45, p-value =.001 is less than 0.05, which resulted in the rejection of the given hypothesis. Based on the preceding outcome, the stress management intervention was evidently a success in decreasing stress levels.
Profile of Caloric Needs of Football Athletes by Position in Football School
Authors:   Department of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Sabillah Muhamad Ichsan , Nasrulloh Ahmad ,   Department of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Arifin Muhammad ,   Department of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Fauzi Fauzi ,   Departement Of Sport Coaching, Yogyakarta state university, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: February 2023

The purpose of writing this article is to find out and recommend calorie and energy profiles in shaping the stamina of football athletes in football schools. The search for this article uses a qualitative descriptive method through literature studies sourced from references that are willing to be studied conceptually and inferred from the results of the discussion. The results of this study show that the average calorie needs in the Defensive Lineman position requires as much as 6,100 - 6,400 kilo calories, in the Offensive Lineman position it requires as much as 6,200-6,500 kilo calories, in the Running Back position it requires as much as 5,700-6,000 kilo calories, in the Tight End position it requires as much as 6,000-6,300 kilo calories, the Linebacker needs as many as 5,900-6,200 kilo calories, and, in the Quarterback position, it needs as many as 5,200-5,400 kilo calories. Furthermore, the fulfillment of balanced nutrition for SSB football athletes that must be applied conditionally and proportionally is as follows Calories for football athletes are needed at 3542-4693 kilo calories per athlete per day, carbohydrate fulfillment for athletes as much as 531703 grams per athlete per day, protein fulfillment as much as 132-175 grams per athlete pr day, and fat fulfillment is needed at 118-156 grams per athlete per day.
Enhanced attention and memory in slackline practitioners: a descriptive study
Authors: Plaza Paula
Published: February 2023

Introduction: It has been shown that the practice of Slackline, a sports discipline that consists of balancing on a rope anchored between two fixed points, not only can improve motor aspects such as body balance and postural control, but also cognitive aspects such as spatial orientation. Here we wonder whether the practice of Slackline is related to other cognitive functions such as attention and/or memory. Materials and methods: Slackline practitioners were invited to take the Toulouse-Pieron test to assess attention and the Benton test to assess visual memory. The same tests were applied to a control group composed of people of the same age and with the same educational level. Results: 14 Slackline practitioners, mean age 23.7 ± 4.1 years, and 14 controls, mean age 23.5 ± 3.5 years, participated in the study. When comparing the groups, we observed differences of 20% in the memory score (p<0.001) and 30 points in the attention test (p=0.031) in favor of the Slackline group. In addition, a high direct correlation was observed between years of Slackline practice and attention (r = 0.710), and a moderate direct correlation between years of Slackline practice and visuospatial memory (r = 0.332). Conclusion: These findings allow us to suggest practice of Slackline is related to enhanced attention and memory and may represent a prophylactic alternative to generate functional reserves or to treat cognitive disorders such as ADHD.
Keywords: cognitive functions, executive functions, body balance and physical activity
Representações sociais dos professores de educação física sobre o autismo: análise de teses e dissertações defendidas em programas brasileiros de pós-graduação
Authors: Silva de Andrade Marconi , Bicalho Adriana Vicente , Da Silva Montalvão Aliana Vicente , Alves Ferreira Carla Elaine , Duarte Costa Denize Gomes , Ribeiro da Silva Vinicius , Stanele Wechily , da Silva Triani Felipe
Published: February 2023

A Teoria das Representações Sociais, relatada por Moscovici em 1961, é um fenômeno da psicologia social que está a serviço do campo educacional desde a década de 1981 contribuindo para a compreensão do processo educativo. Aliada a essa teoria temos o que professores de Educação Física compartilham sobre a prática inclusiva com os alunos autistas. O objetivo desse trabalho é conhecer e analisar as produções acadêmicas, uma fazendo uma revisão de literatura, de teses e dissertações dos programas brasileiros de pós-graduação relacionadas com o tema descrito. A metodologia foi construída com base no estado do conhecimento, levando em consideração um recorte temporal de 2019 a 2021 e as buscas feitas no catálogo de teses e dissertações da CAPES. Após analisado e discutidos os resultados, concluímos que a quantidade de produções correlacionadas com o tema foi escassa, porém identificamos que o uso das representações sociais no contexto educacional tem sido exitoso para solucionar questões subjetivas.
Palavras-chaves: representações sociais, professor de educação física, autismo, prática pedagógica, inclusão.
Tendências do Fitness em Portugal para 2023
Authors: Franco Susana , Santos Rocha Rita , Simões Vera , Ramalho Fátima , Vieira Isabel , Ramos Liliana
Published: February 2023

O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar as tendências do Fitness para 2023 em Portugal, caracterizando-as e confrontando-as com as mundiais, e comparando-as entre tipos de título profissional (Técnico de exercício físico, Diretor técnico ou Sem título), entre quem está ou não a exercer funções como Profissional de Fitness (PF), entre géneros, e ao longo dos três anos em que este estudo tem vindo a ser realizado especificamente para Portugal (2021, 2022 e 2023). Reproduzindo a metodologia do estudo do American College of Sports Medicine sobre as tendências mundiais no Fitness, foi aplicado um questionário online a 507 PF e profissionais da saúde relacionados com o exercício e a estudantes do setor do Fitness/Educação física/Desporto. Verificou-se que as principais tendências do Fitness para 2023 em Portugal são, por ordem decrescente, “Licenças (títulos) para PF”, “Empregar PF certificados”, “PT”, “Exercício para perda de peso” e “Estilo de vida saudável e mudança comportamental”. Este top 5 de tendências mantem-se desde 2021, o que revela estabilidade relativamente às tendências de topo, existindo maior variabilidade, entre os anos, nas tendências com mais baixas classificações no ranking. Portugal tem as suas especificidades quanto às tendências para o Fitness, sendo que estas se assemelham mais às da Europa do que às mundiais, realçando a importância de se conhecer as tendências nacionais. Identificaram-se diferenças significativas em termos de opinião dos sujeitos da amostra acerca de algumas tendências do Fitness para Portugal em 2023, com maior magnitude entre géneros e entre quem está ou não está a exercer funções de PF.
Palavras-chave: Portugal; Tendências; Fitness; ACSM; Género; Profissional; Título.
Spatial Estimations of Suitable Intertidal Habitats for Conservations of Sea Urchin Community in Sancang Coast, West Java
Authors: Suprapto Purwati Kuswarini , Husna Ika Raymita , Meylani Vita , Wibowo Andri
Published: February 2023

The intertidal zone is an important habitat for marine organisms, including sea urchins. One of the potential intertidal zones is located on West Java's Sancang Coast. However, information about suitable habitats for sea urchins in this particular intertidal zone is still limited. Here, the spatial estimation of suitable habitats has been implemented aided by scoring, interpolation and overlay analysis of environmental variables and numbers of sea urchin individuals using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Environmental variable measurements and sea urchin surveys were implemented using the belt transect method. The estimated habitats were located at the Ciporeang, Cikujangjambe and Cibako sites, representing the East, Middle and West sides of intertidal zones that have distinct environmental variables. Based on the results, there were three sea urchin species, with Stomopneustes variolaris having the highest abundance, followed by Heterocentrotus trigonarius, and the lowest one was Diadema setosum. Most species were recorded in Cibako. Correspondingly, the Cibako site has a larger zone classified as very high (70%) and highly suitable (30%) for sea urchins as characterized by seagrass and algae cover, low water temperature, high pH, and salinity parameters. On the contrary, more than 50% of the rocky Ciporeang site zones, with warmer water and low salinity and pH, are not suitable for sea urchins. Therefore, the conservation of the Sancang Coast's sea urchin community should prioritize Cibako sites.
Review on Discrimination of Hazardous Gases by Smart Sensing Technology
Authors: Bandewad Gangadhar , Datta Kunal P. , Gawali Bharti W. , Pawar Sunil N.
Published: February 2023

Real-time detection of hazardous gases in the ambient and indoors has become the prime motive for curbing the problem of air pollution. Keeping the concentration of hazardous gases in control is the main task before human society so as to keep environmental balance. Researchers are concentrating on smart sensors because they can detect and forecast the presence of gas in real-time, provide correct information about gas concentration, and detect a target gas from a mixture of gases. This smart gas sensor system can have applications in the field of military, space, underwater, indoor, outdoors, factories, vehicles, and wearable smart devices. This study reviews recent advances in smart sensor technology with respect to the material structure, sensing technique, and discrimination algorithm. Focus is given on reducing the power consumption and area of a sensor circuitry with the help of different techniques.
 
Received: 29 September 2022 | Revised: 10 February 2023 | Accepted: 27 February 2023
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Work-life Balance and Organisational Commitment among Married Female Nurses
Authors: Jameel Alaa S. , Alheety Ahmed S.
Published: February 2023

This study aims to measure the work-life balance (WLB) and the performance of married female nurses and examine the mediating role of organisational commitment. The current research considers a cross-sectional survey among married female nurses in Iraqi public hospitals. The questionnaires collected the data, and the valid questionnaires were 219 and analysed by Smart-PLS after ensuring the validity and reliability of the model. The results indicated that the WLB of married female nurses significantly impacts their performance and commitment. Furthermore, the commitment of married female nurses significantly impacts their performance and simultaneously partially mediates the relation between the WLB and the performance of married female nurses. Regulating workloads and fostering a pleasant work environment are crucial to lowering job-related stress from excessive workloads. Creating a timetable for married female nurses is crucial to improving their work and personal performance.
Design Thinking
Authors: Cross Nigel
Published: February 2023

Design thinking is the core creative process for any designer; this book explores and explains this apparently mysterious design ability. This new edition is a completely revised, updated and extended version of a classic text.

Focusing on what designers actually do when they are designing, the book is structured around a series of in-depth case studies of the work of outstanding and expert designers, interwoven and developed with commentary and comparison. The coverage reflects the breadth of design from architecture to engineering, consumer products to communications, and from individual designing to teamwork and collaborative designing. The scale of designing ranges from Formula One racing cars to city commuting cars, locomotives to bicycles, sewing machines to litter bins and lemon squeezers. The book is based on evidence from observation and investigation of design practice, providing insights into and understanding of design thinking, and the development of design ability from novice to expert.

This second edition of Design Thinking: Understanding How Designers Think and Work offers an overview from one of design’s most experienced and influential scholars. Nigel Cross goes to the heart of what it means to think and work as a designer. It is an ideal guide for anyone who wants to become a designer or to know how good designers work in the field of contemporary design.
Cryptocurrency Price Prediction using Twitter Sentiment Analysis
Authors: B Haritha G , B Sahana N
Published: February 2023

The cryptocurrency ecosystem has been the centre of discussion on many social media platforms, following its noted volatility and varied opinions. Twitter is rapidly being utilised as a news source and a medium for bitcoin discussion. Our algorithm seeks to use historical prices and sentiment of tweets to forecast the price of Bitcoin. In this study, we develop an end-to-end model that can forecast the sentiment of a set of tweets (using a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers - based Neural Network Model) and forecast the price of Bitcoin (using Gated Recurrent Unit) using the predicted sentiment and other metrics like historical cryptocurrency price data, tweet volume, a user's following, and whether or not a user is verified. The sentiment prediction gave a Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 9.45%, an average of real-time data, and test data. The mean absolute percent error for the price prediction was 3.6%.
A DFS Algorithm for Maximum Matchings in General Graphs
Authors: Lee Tony T. , Lu Bojun , Chu Hanli
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we propose a depth-first search (DFS) algorithm for finding maximum matching in general graphs. Unlike blossom shrinking algorithms, which store all possible alternative alternating-paths in the super-vertices shrinking from blossoms, the newly proposed algorithm does not involve blossom shrinking. The basic idea is to deflect the alternating path when facing blossoms. The algorithm maintains detour information in an auxiliary stack to minimize the redundant data structures. A benefit of our technique is to avoid spending the time on shrinking and expanding blossoms. This DFS algorithm can determine a maximum matching of a general graph with m edges and n vertices in 𝑂(𝑚𝑛) time with space complexity 𝑂(𝑛).
Locating the unintended consequences of interventions: a tool for analysing impact inequality in development programming
Authors: Lomax Jake , Osborne Matthew ,   Stockholm Environment Institute, Lambe Fiona ,   Stockholm Environment Institute
Published: February 2023

A new tool, LUCI, has been developed as part of the Locacons Project to determine the broader impacts of development interventions. Knowledge of how and where interventions may create unintended consequences is crucial for all sectors; however, in communities with a history of conflict, in particular, unintended impacts of interventions have been shown to be significant contributors to the exacerbation of conflict potential. Estimates show that two-thirds of the world’s poor will live in fragile and conflict-affected states by 2030. The LUCI tool can be useful in many contexts. The authors present an example in this report of how it can be applied to analyse the potential conflict impacts of a climate change adaptation development intervention, which is designed to deliver rural electrification to economically marginalized groups, through the introduction of solar hybrid mini-grids in northern Kenya.
Hava Yollarının Kentsel Hava Hareketlilik Stratejileri
Authors: Begeç Suat , Demir Ayşegül
Published: February 2023

Kentsel Hava Hareketliliği (Urban Air Mobility-UAM), yeni teknolojilerin sağladığı ve çok modlu ulaşım sistemlerine entegre edilen, kentsel ortamlarda yolcu ve kargo için yeni, güvenli, emniyetli ve daha sürdürülebilir bir hava ulaşım sistemi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu makalede (UAM) kavramının hava yolu endüstrisindeki şirketlerin gelecek stratejilerine etkilerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada Web of Science ve Scopus veri tabanlarından “Kentsel Hava Hareketliliği”, “Hava Taksi” ve “Havacılıkta Stratejik Yönetim” sözcükleri aratılmış olup 2018 ve sonrası sadece akademik makaleler seçilerek literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca Airbus, Boeing, UBER şirketleri ve Ulusal Havacılık ve Uzay İdaresi (NASA), Avrupa Havacılık Emniyeti Ajansı (EASA), Uluslararası Sivil Havacılık Teşkilatı (ICAO), Federal Havacılık İdaresi (FAA) havacılık otoritelerinin UAM ile ilgili web siteleri, faaliyet raporları, akademik yayınlar aracılığıyla veriler elde edilmiştir. Hava yolları için geleceğin hava stratejik hareketliliği olarak görülen UAM, stratejik analiz yöntemi olan SWOT analiz yöntemiyle hava yollarının gelecek stratejisine etkileri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda SWOT analizin de UAM’ın kendine özgü güçlü ve zayıf yönleri belirlenmiştir. Yine yapılan analizde UAM’ın tüm şirketler için ortak bazı tehdit ve fırsatlarının olduğu da ortaya konulmuştur.
The Impacts of Ethical Hacking and its Security Mechanisms
Authors: Ul Haq Hafiz Burhan , Hassan Muhammad Zulkifl , Hussain Muhammad Zunnurain , Khan Rabia Aslam , Nawaz Sabreena , Khokhar Hassan Raza , Arshad Mahnoor
Published: February 2023

Hacking is a typical method for breaching personal and confidential information. As a result, hacking is also known as infiltration. Intrusions, on the other hand, were not always recognized as theft and were employed for productive purposes. A person or corporation that does ethical hacking and receives incentives from a network or system owner for testing can enter an apparatus (system or network) to locate, repair, and expose network flaws. Most ethical hackers, also known as black hat hackers, test systems using different approaches, methodologies, and tools. Because today's life is lived in a digital world, we need to protect our privacy from cyber-attacks. The proposed paper discussed ethical hacking and its ramifications, in which black hackers "hack" networks. The proposed research emphasizes ethical hacking tactics. This research also examines the impact of ethical hacking on business, education, health, society, the workplace, technology, sensitive information, and human life. Finally, a brief survey based on certain questions is better to grasp the public's understanding of ethical hacking. In summary, this research offers the user fascinating and helpful information when working on ethical hacking.