bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus fumigatus biofilms: Toward understanding how growth as a multicellular network increases antifungal resistance and disease progression
Authors: Morelli Kaesi A. , Kerkaert Joshua D. , Cramer Robert A.
Published: August 2021

Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic, filamentous fungus found in soils and compost and the causative agent of several pulmonary diseases in humans, birds, and other mammals. A. fumigatus and other filamentous fungi grow as networks of filamentous hyphae that have characteristics of a classic microbial biofilm. These characteristics include production of an extracellular matrix (ECM), surface adhesion, multicellularity, and increased antimicrobial drug resistance. A. fumigatus biofilm growth occurs in vivo at sites of infection, highlighting the importance of defining mechanisms underlying biofilm development and associated emergent properties. We propose that there are 3 distinct phases in the development of A. fumigatus biofilms: biofilm initiation, immature biofilm, and mature biofilm. These stages are defined both temporally and by unique genetic and structural changes over the course of development. Here, we review known mechanisms within each of these stages that contribute to biofilm structure, ECM production, and increased resistance to contemporary antifungal drugs. We highlight gaps in our understanding of biofilm development and function that when addressed are expected to aid in the development of novel antifungal therapies capable of killing filamentous fungal biofilms.
A global perspective of antibiotic-resistant Listeria monocytogenes prevalence in assorted ready to eat foods: A systematic review
Authors: Mpundu Prudence , Mbewe Allan Rabson , Muma John Bwalya , Mwasinga Wizaso , Mukumbuta Nawa , Munyeme Musso
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods remains consistently under-reported globally. Nevertheless, several independent studies conducted to investigate have elucidated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of L. monocytogenes in RTE-associated foods and their antibiotic resistance profiles. Given the rapid increase in consumption of RTE foods of both animal and plant origin, it is imperative to know the prevalence deductive data focusing on how much of L. monocytogenes is present in RTE foods, which is critical for food safety managers and retailers to assess the possible risk posed to end-users. In addition, valuable insight and another angle to the depth of the problem, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize available data regarding the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods and antibiotic resistance profiles.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis study of L. monocytogenes and antibiotic resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics to determine the extent of L. monocytogenes contamination in RTE foods and antibiotic resistance profiles. The primary search terms, also known as keywords used, were restricted to peer-reviewed and review articles, and databases, including Google Scholars, Science-Direct, and Scopus, were searched. The inclusion of articles meeting eligibility criteria published between 2010 and 2020 after title, abstract, and full article screening. Data analysis was performed at multiple stages using quantitative meta-analysis reviews.

Results: L. monocytogenes pooled proportion/prevalence was highest in chicken products determined at (22%) followed by various but uncategorized RTE foods at 21%. Regarding antibiotic resistance, profiling's highest pooled prevalence resistance was observed in penicillin at 80% resistance, followed by cephalosporin at 47%.

Conclusion: Within its limitations, this study has attempted to provide insight into the pooled proportion/prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods and the antibiotic resistance profile at the global level. Determining the proportion/ prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods across the globe and antibiotic resistance profile is essential for providing quality food and reducing public health problems due to unsuccessful treatment of foodborne illness. This study provides insight into the pooled prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods and the antibiotic resistance profile. The results of this study partly endeavored to help appropriate authorities strengthen their preventive measures on specific RTE foods that are most likely to be contaminated with L. monocytogenes and antibiotic resistance profiles.
Dolgozói elégedettség: A szervezeti versenyképességet befolyásoló tényező
Authors: Bencsik Andrea
Published: August 2021

A gazdálkodó szervezetek mindennapi tevékenységében a szervezeti versenyképesség az utóbbi időben a korábbiakhoz képest egy kicsit más megvilágításba került. Mivel a globalizáció egyre inkább kézzelfogható valósággá válik, a tudásalapú gazdaság és a tudásalapú szervezeti működés már nem utópisztikus gondolat csupán, hanem megvalósítandó jövőképet jelent a menedzsment számára.
Formación musical y formación docente:
Authors: Serra Maria Silvia , Carbonari Franco
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo parte de señalar la centralidad de la biografía escolar como una de las categorías desde las que se vertebra el análisis de los procesos formativos. Luego de establecer potencias y límites de esta categoría desde la perspectiva analítica, se invita a pensar la formación desde la potencia que este término tiene en algunas tradiciones del pensamiento pedagógico, y que encuentra como referencia a la Bildung en la tradición alemana. Sin desconocer el potencial formativo de lo escolar, se despliega lo que estos desarrollos encuentran en la Bildung, como proceso de transformación por vías de la experiencia, atendiendo otros posibles caminos plausibles de ampliar la perspectiva sobre aquello que conlleva a que la práctica docente ofrezca unos rasgos específicos, especialmente en la enseñanza de disciplinas artísticas. Y en esta línea, finalmente se indaga sobre las implicancias que para la enseñanza de las artes puede tener incorporar como potencial instancia formativa aquellas experiencias ligadas a los vínculos con el arte.
Nanoparticles mediated cadmium toxicity amelioration in plants
Authors: Chakraborty Sharmily , Pal Suparna , Paul Subhabrata
Published: August 2021

Application of nanoparticles to address various environmental issues; especially heavy metal contaminated soil restoration is of global interest. Indiscriminate usage of phosphate fertilizer and other anthropogenic activities contribute to Cd contamination of soil, resulting in degradation of soil quality and low crop yield. By the virtue of unique physiochemical characteristics, nanoparticles (NPs) are effective enough for heavy metal stress mitigation. This review has focused on Cd uptake, accumulation and toxicity in plants followed by the successful application of different metallic and non metallic NPs for soil Cd decontamination. Positive impact of NPs as plant growth elicitor under Cd stress has been explored here. Various ways of NP application (soil, foliar, hydroponics), uptake, mode of action and effective treatment concentration have been highlighted. We have collected handful information regarding the use of NPs as nanofertilizer and nanopesticides. The negative effects of NPs have not been considered here. More in depth study to be conducted for better illumination on plant - NPs interaction, mobilization mechanism and biological activities. Though this review summarizes few facts among various aspect of NP but can be counted as a supportive documentation for the better use of NPs in environmental protection in future.
Dynamic Changes in Chest CT Images Over 167 Days in 11 Patients with COVID-19: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Liang Jianqin , Liu Guizeng , Yu Shuzhuang , Yang Yang , Li Yanchun , Tian Hongli , Chen Zhe , Gong Wenping
Published: August 2021

Background:

Recently, CT findings have been widely reported to be associated with the clinical severity of COVID-19. However, few studies have reported the correlation between CT findings and long-term outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

Case presentation:

Herein, we conducted a 167 day long-term follow-up of CT examination on 11 patients with COVID-19 to evaluate their long-term prognosis, particularly in severe cases. We found that the course of COVID-19 can be divided into four stages according to the characteristics of CT images: 1) early stage (1–4 days), with chest CT showing quasi-circular ground-glass shadows and fine mesh shadows; 2) progressive stage (5–10 days), showing lesion spread through the axial interstitium along the bronchi and gradual diffusion to the whole lung; 3) recovery stage (11–74 days), showing gradual absorption of the fibre cord, ground-glass, and consolidation shadows; and 4) normal stage (74 days later), indicating no serious permanent lung injuries.

Conclusions:

Our data indicate that chest CT can enable early detection of COVID-19 and determination of the different stages of COVID-19. Furthermore, mild cases tended to have better prognosis, whereas severe cases still showed cord-like fibrosis in the lungs in follow-up at the 167th day after symptom onset.
Constitutive Phosphorylation as a Key Regulator of TRPM8 Channel Function
Authors: Rivera Bastián , Moreno Claudio , Lavanderos Boris , Hwang Ji Yeon , Fernández-Trillo Jorge , Park Kang-Sik , Orio Patricio , Viana Félix , Madrid Rodolfo , Pertusa María
Published: August 2021

In mammals, environmental cold sensing conducted by peripheral cold thermoreceptor neurons mostly depends on TRPM8, an ion channel that has evolved to become the main molecular cold transducer. This TRP channel is activated by cold, cooling compounds, such as menthol, voltage, and rises in osmolality. TRPM8 function is regulated by kinase activity that phosphorylates the channel under resting conditions. However, which specific residues, how this post-translational modification modulates TRPM8 activity, and its influence on cold sensing are still poorly understood. By mass spectrometry, we identified four serine residues within the N-terminus (S26, S29, S541, and S542) constitutively phosphorylated in the mouse ortholog. TRPM8 function was examined by Ca2+imaging and patch-clamp recordings, revealing that treatment with staurosporine, a kinase inhibitor, augmented its cold- and menthol-evoked responses. S29A mutation is sufficient to increase TRPM8 activity, suggesting that phosphorylation of this residue is a central molecular determinant of this negative regulation. Biophysical and total internal reflection fluorescence-based analysis revealed a dual mechanism in the potentiated responses of unphosphorylated TRPM8: a shift in the voltage activation curve toward more negative potentials and an increase in the number of active channels at the plasma membrane. Importantly, basal kinase activity negatively modulates TRPM8 function at cold thermoreceptors from male and female mice, an observation accounted for by mathematical modeling. Overall, our findings suggest that cold temperature detection could be rapidly and reversibly fine-tuned by controlling the TRPM8 basal phosphorylation state, a mechanism that acts as a dynamic molecular brake of this thermo-TRP channel function in primary sensory neurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPost-translational modifications are one of the main molecular mechanisms involved in adjusting the sensitivity of sensory ion channels to changing environmental conditions. Here we show, for the first time, that constitutive phosphorylation of the well-conserved serine 29 within the N-terminal domain negatively modulates TRPM8 channel activity, reducing its activation by agonists and decreasing the number of active channels at the plasma membrane. Basal phosphorylation of TRPM8 acts as a key regulator of its function as the main cold-transduction channel, significantly contributing to the net response of primary sensory neurons to temperature reductions. This reversible and dynamic modulatory mechanism opens new opportunities to regulate TRPM8 function in pathologic conditions where this thermo-TRP channel plays a critical role.
Optogenetic Activation of V1 Interneurons Reveals the Multimodality of Spinal Locomotor Networks in the Neonatal Mouse
Authors: Falgairolle Melanie , O'Donovan Michael J.
Published: August 2021

In the spinal cord, classes of interneurons have been studiedin vitroto determine their role in producing or regulating locomotion. It is unclear whether all locomotor behaviors are produced by the same circuitry or engage different subsets of neurons. Here, in neonatal mice of either sex, we test this idea by comparing the actions of a class of spinal, inhibitory interneuron (V1) expressing channelrhodopsin driven by theengrailed-1transcription factor on the rhythms elicited by different methods. We find that, although the overall locomotor activitiesin vitroare similar, V1 interneuron depolarization produces opposite effects depending of the mode of activation of the locomotor circuitry. The differential behavior of V1 neurons suggests that their function depends on how the locomotor rhythm is activated and is consistent with the idea that the functional organization of the corresponding locomotor networks also differs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neural networks dictating the execution of fictive locomotion are located in the spinal cord. It is generally assumed that the mode of activation of these spinal networks should not change the recruitment or function of neurons. Here, we manipulated the activity of a class of interneuron (V1), which targets these networks and found that their activation induces opposite effects depending on the mode of activation. This suggests that the mode of activation of the spinal networks differentially recruits either V1 interneurons or other interneurons, or both.
Restoring the Molecular Clockwork within the Suprachiasmatic Hypothalamus of an Otherwise Clockless Mouse Enables Circadian Phasing and Stabilization of Sleep-Wake Cycles and Reverses Memory Deficits
Authors: Maywood Elizabeth S. , Chesham Johanna E. , Winsky-Sommerer Raphaelle , Hastings Michael H.
Published: August 2021

The timing and quality of sleep-wake cycles are regulated by interacting circadian and homeostatic mechanisms. Although the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the principal clock, circadian clocks are active across the brain and the respective sleep-regulatory roles of SCN and local clocks are unclear. To determine the specific contribution(s) of the SCN, we used virally mediated genetic complementation, expressing Cryptochrome1 (Cry1) to establish circadian molecular competence in the suprachiasmatic hypothalamus of globally clockless, arrhythmic maleCry1/Cry2-null mice. Under free-running conditions, the rest/activity behavior ofCry1/Cry2-null controls expressing EGFP (SCNCon) was arrhythmic, whereas Cry1-complemented mice (SCNCry1) had coherent circadian behavior, comparable to that of Cry1,2-competent wild types (WTs). In SCNConmice, sleep-wakefulness, assessed by electroencephalography (EEG)/electromyography (EMG), lacked circadian organization. In SCNCry1mice, however, it matched WTs, with consolidated vigilance states [wake, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS)] and rhythms in NREMS δ power and expression of REMS within total sleep (TS). Wakefulness in SCNConmice was more fragmented than in WTs, with more wake-NREMS-wake transitions. This disruption was reversed in SCNCry1mice. Following sleep deprivation (SD), all mice showed a homeostatic increase in NREMS δ power, although the SCNConmice had reduced NREMS during the inactive (light) phase of recovery. In contrast, the dynamics of homeostatic responses in the SCNCry1mice were comparable to WTs. Finally, SCNConmice exhibited poor sleep-dependent memory but this was corrected in SCNCry1mice. In clockless mice, circadian molecular competence focused solely on the SCN rescued the architecture and consolidation of sleep-wake and sleep-dependent memory, highlighting its dominant role in timing sleep.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe circadian timing system regulates sleep-wake cycles. The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the principal circadian clock, but the presence of multiple local brain and peripheral clocks mean the respective roles of SCN and other clocks in regulating sleep are unclear. We therefore used virally mediated genetic complementation to restore molecular circadian functions in the suprachiasmatic hypothalamus, focusing on the SCN, in otherwise genetically clockless, arrhythmic mice. This initiated circadian activity-rest cycles, and circadian sleep-wake cycles, circadian patterning to the intensity of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and circadian control of REMS as a proportion of total sleep (TS). Consolidation of sleep-wake established normal dynamics of sleep homeostasis and enhanced sleep-dependent memory. Thus, the suprachiasmatic hypothalamus, alone, can direct circadian regulation of sleep-wake.
Derecho, Deber y Utilidad: de Bentham a Kant y de Mill a Aristóteles.
Authors: De Sousa e Brito José
Published: August 2021

Este trabajo analiza los intentos llevados a cabo por Jeremy Bentham y John Stuart Mill para hacer converger algunos de los principales modelos de fundamentación moral: las éticas de la felicidad, como la aristotélica, o la propia ética utilitarista, las éticas del deber de raíz kantiana y las éticas de los derechos.Si conseguimos “reducir”, en primer lugar, las éticas de los derechos al modelo de la ética del deber, podremos simplificar mucho la cuestión y limitarnos a contrastar este último modelo con las éticas de la felicidad, que a su vez deberían converger en la propia ética de la utilidad. No obstante, y aun reconociendo su gran interés, una convergencia completa entre modelos alternativos se revela como imposible. A pesar de los esfuerzos, sobre todo de John Stuart Mill, no es posible una unificación completa de los planteamientos utilitaristas con los de Aristóteles y Kant. La continuación de la empresa utilitarista de lucha por la unificación teórica en el ámbito del problema de la fundamentación moral encuentra un buen ejemplo actual en la obra de Esperanza Guisán.
El utilitarismo desapasionado.
Authors: Cuadros de Vílchez Diana
Published: August 2021

El propósito de este artículo es revisar la relación entre utilitarismo, las emociones y la razón, desde el punto de vista de la teoría descriptiva. En particular, repasa los estudios más recientes sobre las emociones y el comportamiento moral y extrae algunas conclusiones preliminares sobre las implicaciones sobre la teoría normativa y en particular el utilitarismo.
Chemical analysis of birch tree (Betula pendula Roth) degraded by fungus
Authors: Camlibel Osman
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate degraded birch trees (Betula pendula Roth) that suffered from a harmful fungus called Piptoporus betulinus. The main chemical analysis of B. pendula degraded by the fungus, included the holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, and lignin contents and was determined in cold and hot water and alcohol-benzene solubility in 1% NaOH mixtures. This fungus caused B. pendula to lose mass and chemical properties. The declining amount of holocellulose mass loss was 6.7% according to the holocellulose test. This decrement caused the quality of the birch holocellulose to decline. The total loss difference was 9.8% according to the alkaline solubility analysis of the 1% NaOH test and 14.3% according to the density analysis of the test. The loss difference was 4.2% according to the alcohol-benzene analysis of the test.
Maternal Vaccination and Infant Influenza and Pertussis
Authors: Rowe Stacey L. , Leder Karin , Perrett Kirsten P. , Romero Nicole , Nolan Terry M. , Stephens Nicola , Cowie Benjamin C. , Cheng Allen C.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Infant influenza and pertussis disease causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. We examined the effectiveness of maternal influenza and pertussis vaccines in preventing these diseases in infants.

METHODS

This inception cohort study comprised women whose pregnancies ended between September 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017, in Victoria, Australia. Maternal vaccination status was sourced from the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection and linked to 5 data sets to ascertain infant outcomes and vaccination. The primary outcome of interest was laboratory-confirmed influenza or pertussis disease in infants aged <2 months, 2 to <6 months, and <6 months combined. Secondary outcomes included infant hospitalization (emergency presentation or admission) and death. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Poisson regression. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as (1 minus the risk ratio) x 100%.

RESULTS

Among 186 962 pregnant women, 85 830 (45.9%) and 128 060 (68.5%) were vaccinated against influenza and pertussis, respectively. There were 175 and 51 infants with laboratory-confirmed influenza and pertussis disease, respectively. Influenza VE was 56.1% (95% CI, 23.3% to 74.9%) for infants aged <2 months and 35.7% (2.2% to 57.7%) for infants aged 2 to <6 months. Pertussis VE was 80.1% (95% CI, 37.1% to 93.7%) for infants aged <2 months and 31.8% (95% CI, −39.1% to 66.6%) for infants aged 2 to <6 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study provides evidence of the direct effectiveness of maternal influenza and pertussis vaccination in preventing these diseases in infants aged <2 months. The findings strengthen the importance of maternal vaccination to prevent these diseases in infants.
Meme Kanseri Tedavi Sonuçları Ölçeği Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği
Authors: AYDİN ÖZCAN Damlagül , UYAR Serab , KILIÇOĞLU Güçlü Sezai , KAYA Bektaş , YAKUT Yavuz
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı koruyucu meme cerrahisi geçiren hastalarda Meme Kanseri Tedavi Sonuçları Ölçeği (MKTSÖ) Türkçe versiyonunun, geçerlik ve güvenirliğini araştırmaktı. Yöntem: Çalışmaya, tek taraflı koruyucu meme cerrahisi geçirmiş 50 meme kanseri hastası dahil edildi. Anketin Türkçeye çevrilmesinin ardından güvenirliği ve iç tutarlılığı test edildi. Test-tekrar test güvenirliğini değerlendirmek ve sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısını (ICC) hesaplamak amacıyla anket tüm hastalara iki kez uygulandı. Cronbach alfa değeri anketin iç tutarlılığını belirlemek için hesaplandı. Ölçeğin kriter geçerliğinin belirlenebilmesi için MKTSÖ alt ölçekleri ile Avrupa Kanser Tedavisi ve Araştırmaları Örgütü-Hayat Kalitesi Ölçeği (EORTC-QLQ C30-BR23) alt ölçekleri korelasyonuna bakıldı. Bulgular: Anketin iç tutarlılığının analizinde, alt ölçekler için Cronbach alfa katsayıları 0,604-0,882 arasında bulundu. Test tekrar test güvenirliği mükemmel (ICC 0,941-1,000 arasında (%95 güven aralığında)) olarak bulundu. MKTSÖ ile EORTC-QLQ C30-BR23 alt ölçekleri arasında orta seviyeden yüksek seviyeye (r=-0,324-r=0,812 aralığında) korelasyon bulundu. En yüksek korelasyon kol semptomları ve MKTSÖ fonksiyonel seviye alt ölçekleri arasında bulundu (r: 0,812). C30 Emosyonel durum ve BR23 seksüel fonskiyon alt ölçekleri ile MKTSÖ’nin hiçbir alt ölçeği arasında korelasyon bulunmadı. Sonuç: Çalışmanın sonuçları MKTSÖ Türkçe versiyonunun, koruyucu meme cerrahisi geçirmiş hastalarda tedavi sonuçlarını fonksiyonel ve kozmetik açıdan değerlendirmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.
Plaguicidas organoclorados en murciélagos (Chiroptera) asociados al bosque húmedo tropical en Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Racero-Casarrubia Javier Alfonso , Ballesteros Correa Jesús , Marrugo-Negrete José , Pinedo-Hernández José Joaquín
Published: August 2021

Investigaciones sobre toxicidad ambiental por pesticidas se han realizado principalmente en mamíferos terrestres, pero existe poca información sobre plaguicidas organoclorados en murciélagos. Teniendo en cuenta el papel funcional de este grupo en varios procesos ecosistémicos como insectívoros, frugívoros y polinizadores, su afectación puede estar causando un impacto negativo en la salud de los ecosistemas naturales. En Colombia, no hay estudios que documenten esta problemática; por tanto, el objetivo fue determinar la presencia de plaguicidas organoclorados en el ensamblaje de murciélagos del bosque húmedo tropical (bh-T) en Córdoba, Colombia. Se evaluó la presencia de organoclorados en hígado y músculo de murciélagos del sector Manso-Tigre, un área protegida con ocupación campesina. La concentración de plaguicidas organoclorados como Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptacloro epóxido, α-BCH, βBCH, γ-BCH, 2,4-DDD, 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDE y 4,4-DDT, se determinó por cromatografía de gases. Niveles de organoclorados en hígado y músculo presentaron diferencias significativas (P<0,05). Se detectó mayor contenido de organoclorados en hígado en las especies Trachops cirrhosus (α–BCH, γ-BCH, Endrin, pp-DDE), Desmodus rotundus (β-BCH), Micronycteris microtis (Aldrin), Platyrrhinus helleri (Heptacloro) y Phyllostomus hastatus (pp-DDT). En tejido muscular, la concentración de organoclorados fue mayor en Trachops cirrhosus (α-BCH, γ-BCH, Endrin, pp-DDE), Artibeus planirostris (β-BCH), Micronycteris microtis (Aldrin, Heptacloro) y Phyllostomus hastatus (pp-DDT). La contaminación por organoclorados en murciélagos posiblemente está relacionada con el uso de agroquímicos, insecticidas y compuestos fosfatados para uso agrícola. Los resultados permiten reconocer a los murciélagos como bioindicadores de contaminación ambiental al indicar procesos de cambios o disturbios en los hábitats.
A new species of Long-eared Brown Bat of the genus Histiotus (Chiroptera) and the revalidation of Histiotus colombiae
Authors: Rodríguez-Posada Miguel E. , Morales-Martínez Darwin M. , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E. , Martínez-Medina Daniela , Calderón-Acevedo Camilo A.
Published: August 2021

The South American bats of the genus Histiotus comprise between four and eight species, but their taxonomy has been controversial and the limits between species and their distribution are not well understood. In Colombia, Histiotus humboldti and H. montanus colombiae have been recorded, but undescribed species has been suggested. We evaluated the species richness and distribution of Colombian Histiotus using morphological, molecular, and acoustic traits. Our results evidence three species in Colombia, the two previously recorded taxa and a new species from the Cordillera Central of Colombia and northern Ecuador that we describe here. We also revalidated H. colombiae as a full species. H. humboldti is widely distributed in the Colombian and Ecuadorean Andes and can be sympatric with the other two species. H. colombiae is restricted to the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Finally, we highlight the potential hidden diversity within Histiotus in the Peruvian and Bolivian Andes, the need to resolve the evolutionary relationships of the genus, and its implications to the understanding of the processes that have structured the Andean mammal fauna.
Los linfomas en la práctica diaria. Un diagnóstico diferencial a tener en cuenta
Authors: Marrugo-Pardo Gilberto Eduardo
Published: August 2021

En el presente número de la revista Case Reports coinciden dos artículos de pacientes de mediana edad con linfomas de diferente localización, por lo cual la presente editorial es un buena oportunidad para llamar la atención de la comunidad médica sobre la importancia de esta enfermedad.
La teoría consensual de la pena en la encrucijada
Authors: Parmigiani Matías
Published: August 2021

Tanto el concepto típicamente utilitarista de protección social como el concepto típicamente kantiano de consentimiento ocupan un lugar central en la estrategia que ensaya C. S. Nino para justificar la institución del castigo. Sin embargo, en este trabajo intentaré demostrar que ambos conceptos son irreconciliables. La encrucijada, en cualquier caso, es la siguiente: mientras el primer concepto, interpretado a la luz de la teoría ética del autor, parece tornar innecesaria la apelación al segundo concepto, una interpretación alternativa del primer concepto tampoco nos situaría ante un mejor panorama filosófico.
Machine Learning for Medical Coding in Health Care Surveys
Authors: Lucas Christine , Hadley Emily , Chew Rob , Nance Jason , Baumgartner Peter , Thissen Rita , Plotner David , Carr Christine , Tatum Aerian
Published: August 2021

This exploratory study evaluates the use of machine learning classifiers to perform automated medical coding for large statistical healthcare surveys.
Births in the United States, 2020
Authors: Martin Joyce , Hamilton Brady , Osterman Michelle
Published: August 2021

Data Brief 418
Measurement, Simulation, and Quantification of Lighting-Space Flicker Risk Levels Using Low-Cost TCS34725 Colour Sensor and IEEE 1789-2015 Standard
Authors:   School of Housing, Building & Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Perumal Sivachandran R. , Baharum Faizal ,   School of Housing, Building & Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Published: August 2021

Building owners are transitioning towards a smart lighting solution for illumination purposes. LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting application has become a norm given its high efficacy and energy efficiencies. This paper presents an approach to monitor the percent flicker conformance of interior building lighting to international standards. The focus is on flickers induced by LED lightings. This experiment utilises a TCS34725 RGB (red, green, blue) colour sensor to measure the flicker parameters of interior lighting spaces. Light-sensitive photodiodes in the sensor detect changes in lighting intensity, and output digitised values. A Raspberry Pi4 minicomputer processes the data measured for comparison to several standards. Non-conformance is reported to building owners to take corrective actions and minimise flicker discomfort exposure to building occupants. A flicker risk level factor is determined to gauge the severity when flickers are present. This method may be used to replace luminaires or fix flickering lighting issues in buildings. The results show that the monitoring system is functional. The proposed measurement and data processing method can be incorporated into any smart building hub for automation and building performance analysis. The method may also be used to measure non-LED lighting flickers.
ENTORNOS UNIVERSITARIOS SOSTENIBLES EN BOGOTÁ A TRAVÉS DE COMPONENTES SMART
Authors: Ibañez-Gaona Daniel Alejandro , Ibrahim Ismael Abed El Karim , Montoya Niño Andrés Steven , Papagayo Herrera Rubén Dario , Ortegón-Cortázar Leonardo
Published: August 2021

Existe un concepto cercano a los lineamientos de los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible (ODS) denominado Smart, que nace en el modelo de la gestión de ciudades inteligentes o Smart Cities, orientadas a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas a través de la innovación en tres componentes comunes: Espacios o ambientes de naturaleza, uso de servicios de tecnología, y la gestión de prácticas de sostenibilidad. En esta línea, el concepto Smart, a pesar de ser aplicado a diversos ámbitos, no se ha documentado investigaciones aplicadas a los entornos universitarios, siendo dicho ámbito de interés general, al considerarse pionera en las tendencias de innovación debido a su compromiso moral de brindar excelencia en la formación y bienestar de su comunidad educativa. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de la investigación consiste en explorar la percepción de sostenibilidad que tienen los entornos universitarios a partir del cumplimiento de los componentes de lugares Smart basados en ambientes de naturaleza, servicios de tecnología, y prácticas sostenibles aplicado a la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana en Bogotá. Se demostró por medio de una metodología de investigación mixta (método cualitativo y cuantitativo), la percepción de cada componente Smart existente en el entorno universitario extendiendo el dominio teórico de la sostenibilidad e innovación. Los hallazgos favorecen la comprensión de mejorar la calidad de vida educativa discutiendo implicaciones del cumplimiento de los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible a través de los componentes de lugares Smart.
LAS ECONOMÍAS COLABORATIVAS EN TURISMO, ¿UNA RESPUESTA DE DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO SOSTENIBLE? CASO ALOJAMIENTOS CIUDAD DE MEDELLÍN
Authors: Larrea David Luisa
Published: August 2021

El fenómeno de las economías colaborativas es un tema que ha causado controversia en todo el mundo; la economía colaborativa se ha popularizado en sectores relacionados con el turismo como el transporte y el alojamiento. Este estudio empresarial cuyo objetivo fue el de analizar la contribución de las economías colaborativas en alojamiento al desarrollo económico sostenible de los territorios.

Para los fines de esta investigación, se diseñó un modelo metodológico mixto, apoyado en instrumentos cualitativos como la entrevista, observación y revisión bibliográfica, e instrumentos como la encuesta a empresarios turísticos tradicionales. La aplicación de la metodología permitió conocer los cambios que ha experimentado el alojamiento tradicional en la zona de Laureles-Estadio de la comuna 11 en Medellín; estos cambios están principalmente relacionados con el acceso al mercado, así como con una de las principales preocupaciones de los empresarios de alojamiento tradicional, la regulación empresarial turística del país que hasta ahora no se tiene en cuenta para las empresas colaborativas. Si se quiere promover un ambiente donde ambos tipos de alojamiento puedan relacionarse en el mercado mediante una convivencia empresarial, el primer paso debe ser que el sector público genere una regulación que tenga en cuenta las necesidades y particularidades de ambos, así como la igualdad en las condiciones que se establecen para la operación del servicio de alojamiento.
Teachers' social and emotional competencies in nursing technical education
Authors: Azevedo Camila Moraes de , Balsanelli Alexandre Pazetto , Tanaka Luiza Hiromi
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the socio-emotional competencies in teachers who work in a Nursing technical course. Method: qualitative study in the action research modality. Inclusion criteria: being a teacher in a Nursing technical course. Data collection: December 2018 to June 2019, with the realization of five focus group meetings. Data analyzed using the Content Analysis technique, according to Bardin. Results: data classification into two categories: 1) Teacher socio-emotional competencies in a conceptual and experiential perspective; 2) Teacher socio-emotional competencies in a conscious perspective of lived experiences. Final Considerations: five socio-emotional competencies were listed for teaching practice: self-control, creativity, empathy, respect, and knowing how to listen. There was a strong awareness of the theme among teachers, impacting their teaching practice.
Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association
Authors: Davis Charles G.
Published: August 2021

The forty-ninth annual convention of RMMLA will be held 19-21 October 1995 at the Ridpath Hotel in Spokane, Washington. Central Washington University is the host institution. Grant Smith, local arrangements chair, also arranged the very successful conference in 1985. RMMLA will be meeting concurrently with Northwest British Studies and Northwest Eighteenth-Century Studies. David Bevington, the banquet speaker, will address the relation between politics and art in his talk “James I and Timon of Athens” A Central Washington University will sponsor a Thursday evening reception at which the Madrigal Singers from Washington State University will perform.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Okuma Alışkanlığı ve Problem Çözme Becerisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: SEVGİ Sevim , KARAKAYA Mustafa
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin okuma alışkanlıkları düzeyi ile problem çözme becerileri arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Araştırma İç Anadolu Bölgesi’ndeki bir ildeki ortaokulda 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflarda öğrenim gören toplam 1595 ortaokul öğrencisi ile yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama aracı Tok, Küçük ve Kırmacı (2015) tarafından geliştirilen ortaokul kitap okuma alışkanlığı ölçeği ile Serin ve Saygılı (2010) tarafından geliştirilen ilköğretim düzeyindeki çocuklar için problem çözme envanteri (ÇPÇE) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeline uygun olarak geliştirilmiştir. Betimsel istatistik, Mann-Whitney U, korelasyon analizi ve Kruskal Wallis testi yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma için ortaokul öğrencilerinin kitap okuma alışkanlığı ölçeği Cronbach Alpha değeri 0,863 olarak, ilköğretim düzeyindeki çocuklar için problem çözme envanteri (ÇPÇE) Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı 0,555 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmada sonucunda ortaokula devam eden kız ve erkek öğrencilerin okuma alışkanlıkları ve problem çözme becerilerinin ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmamaktadır. Ortaokul öğrencilerinin kitap okuma alışkanlığı ve problem çözme becerisi arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Sınıf seviyelerinde okuma alışkanlığı ve problem çözme becerisi ortalamaları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde bir fark oluşturmaktadır.
Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Uygulanan Uzaktan Eğitim Hakkında Ortaöğretim Öğrencilerinin Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ARIK Selçuk , KARAKAYA Ferhat , ÇİMEN Osman , YILMAZ Mehmet
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmada, COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde uygulanan uzaktan eğitim hakkında ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması desenine göre tasarlanan araştırmanın katılımcılarını Türkiye'nin farklı illerinde öğrenimine devam eden 55 ortaöğretim öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan “yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu” aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri beş tema altında incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; katılımcıların öğrenme/öğretme ortamı ve disiplin, ders süresi, duyuşsal özellikler ve geri dönütler bakımından uzaktan eğitim sürecine ilişkin olumlu ve olumsuz görüşlerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların uzaktan eğitim sürecinde öğrenci-öğretmen iletişimi, uzaktan eğitimin biyoloji dersine uygunluğu ve uzaktan eğitim sürecinde görev ve sorumluluklarının değişimine ilişkin olumlu ve olumsuz görüşlerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmada, katılımcıların uzaktan eğitim sürecinin etkin ve verimle gerçekleştirebilmesi için daha çok soru çözümü, detaylı anlatım, ders saati ve zaman ayarlaması ve hizmet içi eğitimlerin yapılmasına yönelik öneride bulundukları tespit edilmiştir.
Fen Bilimleri Dersi “İnsan ve Çevre” Ünitesi Akademik Başarı Testi Geliştirme: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması
Authors: ÇİÇEK ŞENTÜRK Özge , SELVİ Mahmut
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, 5. sınıf fen bilimleri dersindeki “İnsan ve Çevre” ünitesine ilişkin ölçme ve değerlendirme aracı olarak kullanılabilecek geçerliği ve güvenirliği test edilmiş bir akademik başarı testi geliştirmek ve tüm aşamalarını detaylı olarak sunmaktır. İlgili üniteye ait sekiz adet kazanım için belirtke tablosu hazırlanarak oluşturulan 40 soruluk soru havuzu için uzman görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Araştırma örneklemi oluşturulurken ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Ölçüt olarak ilgili üniteyi geçen yıllarda öğrenmiş olma ölçütü baz alındığından araştırmanın örneklemi 6., 7. ve 8. sınıf ortaokul öğrencileridir. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler için testin ortalama madde güçlüğü, madde ayırt ediciliği ve madde- toplam korelasyonu ile KR-20 güvenirlik katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Madde analizleri sonucunda testin 27 maddeden oluşuğu görülmüştür. Testin son hali için ortalama madde güçlüğü 0,62; ortalama madde ayırt ediciliği 0,47; KR-20 güvenirlik katsayısı 0,82 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Geliştirilen testin öğrencilerin ünite kazanımlarına ulaşma düzeylerini tespit etmek için öğretmenlere yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
The Relationship between Scientific Inquiry and Communication Skills with Beliefs about the Nature of Science of Pre-Service Science Teachers’
Authors: ÖZDEN Bariş , YENİCE Nilgün
Published: August 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the correlations between pre-service science teachers’ beliefs about the nature of science and their scientific inquiry and communication skills. The study group of the research was composed of 329 pre-service science teachers who are studying at Aydın Adnan Menderes and Muğla Universities of Turkey during the academic year of 2018-2019. The data were obtained by using “Beliefs about the Nature of Science Scale” and “Skills Learning Science Scale”. In addition to descriptive statistics, independent samples t test, one-way analysis of variance and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used in the analysis of the data. The result of the study indicated that pre-service science teachers had nearly “Acceptable” beliefs about the nature of science. Their scientific inquiry and communication skills were found to be nearly “High”. In this study, it was concluded that imagination and creativity, assumptions and boundaries of science and observation and inference, explained approximately 12 % of the variance in scientific inquiry skills. In addition, it was concluded that assumptions and boundaries of science, imagination and creativity and observation and inference, explained approximately 13 % of the variance in communication skills. In light of the findings, suggestions were presented at the end of the study.
Conflict in Schools: A Qualitative Study
Authors: ERTÜRK Ramazan
Published: August 2021

As a qualitative research method, case study was used in the research carried out to investigate the causes of conflicts in schools, levels and type of conflict, effects of conflict, methods used to solve conflicts. 40 teachers working in 3 elementary schools, 2 middle schools and 2 high schools in Yeniçağa district of Bolu, Turkey which constituted the research group of the study, were determined using the criterion sampling technique within the scope of convenience sampling and purposive sampling method. The data were collected through interviews and semi-structured interview form and analyzed with content analysis. A medium-level conflict in schools will yield positive results in terms of individual and organizational aspects and therefore increase the effectiveness of schools when considering the positive effects and consequences of conflicts in schools. However, since the increase in the level of conflict can lead to negative individual, interpersonal and organizational outcomes, both teachers and school administrators at schools should have a broad knowledge of conflict and good conflict management skills. In addition, conflict information will minimize the individual, interpersonal and administrative reasons that reveal the conflict. The current study finds the following important and striking results: teachers' weariness and tiredness as a result of conflict, burnout, unwillingness to work, decrease in work efficiency and performance, decrease in organizational commitment, stress and anxiety, loneliness, unhappiness, cynicism, decrease in motivation, unwillingness to come to school, wanting to leave school, disappearance of ethical behaviors, withdrawal, and anger. Besides, one of the most important results of the study is to reveal some elements such as effective communication, fulfillment of duties and responsibilities in a timely manner, organizational fit, behavior of teachers and administrators in accordance with the rules of professional ethics and business ethics, teamwork and cooperation in schools which have no conflict.
Investigation of the Effect of Web 2.0 Supported 5E Learning Model on Students' Success and Opinion in Teaching Pressure Unit in Distance Education
Authors: BALCI ÇÖMEZ Ceyda , ÇAVUMİRZA Erkan , YILDIRIM Mehtap
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of using Web 2.0 tools in accordance with the 5E learning model on the academic success and views of students in teaching the Pressure unit to eighth-grade students in distance education. A total of 41 students, 21 of whom are in the experiment group and 20 of them are in the control group, studying in the eighth grade in a state secondary school in Sakarya, Turkey were included. The activities created with Web 2.0 tools in accordance with the 5E learning model were applied to the experimental group, and the activities in the science lesson curriculum were applied to the control group through distance education. Explanatory sequential mixed method design was used. The quantitative data of the research were collected by the Pressure Unit Achievement Test. The achievement test was applied to the both groups before and after the process. Qualitative data were collected with a structured interview form with all of the students in the experimental group at the end of the process. The quantitative data were analyzed with t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Descriptive analysis was used for qualitative data. Based on the results, it was determined that the academic achievement of the experimental group students increased by showing a significant difference compared to the control group students. It was seen that the experimental group students' opinions about the activities created with web 2.0 tools are generally positive. In line with the results obtained as a result of the study, it is recommended that Web 2.0 tools are frequently used by teachers in the science course, and at the same time, researchers are recommended to study the effects of other learning models on success or other variables in different subjects and grade levels.
“Body Work” in Home‐Based Substance Abuse Care
Authors: Günther Kirsi
Published: August 2021

This study examines “body work” in the context of home‐based substance abuse care in Finland, which is provided to adults with intoxicant problems and needing short‐ and long‐term support in their everyday lives. This article is concerned specifically with body work, which can be defined as care work focusing directly on the bodies of others. Through a twofold analysis of 13 audio‐recorded home visits and ethnographic field notes, it examines what body work is in home‐based substance abuse care, how close body work is and how workers and clients negotiate about it. The study shows that home as a site of care has an impact on substance abuse care. The worker’s home visit settles into a tension relation between private and public even if the care is a part of weekly routine. Body work is holistic care work necessitating slight, medium, and extreme bodily intimacy in taking care of and supporting client’s well‐being. During the home visit, worker and client negotiate the body work and its content. Worker and client communicate verbally and non‐verbally by gaze and body movements. Often the workers have to balance between disciplinary, participatory, and caring approaches to support the client living in the best possible way.
Home‐ and Community‐Based Work at the Margins of Welfare: Balancing between Disciplinary, Participatory and Caring Approaches
Authors: Juhila Kirsi , Hansen Löfstrand Cecilia , Ranta Johanna
Published: August 2021

By the end of the 20th century, deinstitutionalisation had become a pervasive trend in the Western world. This thematic issue discusses how successful deinstitutionalisation has been in enabling dignified and safe living with necessary services in local communities. It contributes to an understanding of the history and phases of deinstitutionalisation and ‘home turn’ policies, and sheds light on the grassroots‐level of home‐ and community‐based work at the margins of welfare, hitherto little researched. The latter includes grassroots work to implement the Housing First approach to homelessness, commonly portrayed as a means of social inclusion, worker–client interactions during home visits and in the local community, as well as close inspections of what ‘housing support’ may actually entail in terms of care, discipline and service user participation.