bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposta interdisciplinar de apoio à cessação do tabagismo em uma unidade de saúde da Estratégia Saúde da Família: relato de experiência
Authors: Duarte Rafael Silva , Martins Isa Haro , Mendes Cristiane Pereira , Silva Costa Maria Antônia , Mendes Daniela de Souza , Romano Valéria Ferreira , Gomes Sérgio Coelho , Reis Alessandra , Neves Regina Dias
Published: December 2014

Este artigo descreve a proposta interdisciplinar utilizada atualmente no Centro Municipal de Saúde Manguinhos (CMSM), Rio de Janeiro, para condução longitudinal do tratamento antitabagismo em pacientes residentes em comunidades de baixa renda da região, sob a ótica de um estudante de medicina em seu período de internato rotatório. A abordagem antitabágica consiste em terapia longitudinal dividida em duas etapas: (i) assistência a grupo de pacientes com abordagem interdisciplinar ao longo de quatro sessões distribuídas semanalmente que inclui tratamento psicoterápico e recursos farmacológicos; seguida de (ii) duas sessões quinzenais de terapia de manutenção, caracterizadas por atenção individualizada e desmame farmacológico, complementadas por um seguimento mensal de até um ano. Os protocolos atuais, as atividades dos profissionais e a condução da proposta são descritos. Este relato sugere que o aprimoramento da formação em medicina pode ocorrer por meio da participação dos estudantes em ações de educação em saúde, tais como o grupo antitabagismo.
Relação entre a presença da equipe de saúde bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família com o nível de conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde
Authors: Martins Ronald Jefferson , Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Garbin Artênio José Ísper , Gonçalves Patrick Raphael Vicente , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba
Published: December 2014

Objetivo: identificar a relação entre o nível de conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre saúde bucal e a presença da Equipe de Saúde Bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: uma pesquisa tipo inquérito foi realizada com 173 agentes comunitários de saúde alocados na rede pública de saúde em cinco municípios da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, por meio de um questionário autoaplicável, estruturado. O instrumento da pesquisa contemplava perguntas referentes à presença da Equipe de Saúde Bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família e questões sobre saúde bucal. Resultados: a maioria dos agentes comunitários de saúde estava inserida em estratégias com a presença de Equipes de Saúde Bucal (60,1%). Verificou-se que o conhecimento em saúde bucal da maioria dos participantes foi bom (48%). Conclusão: existe relação entre o nível de conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde e a presença da Equipe de Saúde Bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família.
Banco de leite humano e Estratégia Saúde da Família: parceria em favor da vida
Authors: Luna Fernanda Darliane Tavares de , Oliveira José Danúzio Leite , Silva Lorena Rafaella de Mello
Published: December 2014

Objetivo: resgatar os aspectos da relação entre os Bancos de Leite Humano (BLH) e a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura, com abordagem descritivo-exploratória dos textos. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e da SciELO, com os seguintes descritores: leite humano, bancos de leite, doações, pré-natal e programa saúde da família. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2011, em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: foi evidenciada uma precariedade dos conhecimentos dos profissionais da ESF sobre os BLH, o que reflete um trabalho incipiente durante o pré-natal, com abordagem apenas dos aspectos superficiais dos BLH, o que não é suficiente para captar maiores números de doadoras. Observou-se a inexistência de uma co-responsabilidade entre essas instituições na promoção do aleitamento materno. Conclusão: faz-se necessário estabelecer parcerias efetivas entre a ESF e os BLH para a sensibilização das nutrizes, proporcionando o aumento do número de doadoras, auxiliando na consolidação da atuação dos BLH. São poucas as referências abordando o assunto, fato que sugere a necessidade de mais estudos sobre o tema.
O programa teórico da residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade do Serviço de Saúde Comunitária do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS
Authors: Castro Rodrigo Caprio Leite de , Diercks Margarita Luz Marina Silva , Corrêa Felipe Anselmi , Gyrão Ney Bragança , Pekelman Renata , Umpierre Roberto Nunes
Published: December 2014

A Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade, baseando-se nas resoluções da Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica, recomenda que os Programas de Residência Médica em Medicina de Família e Comunidade (PRMMFC) dediquem de 10% a 20% de sua carga horária ao desenvolvimento de atividades teóricas. Destaca ainda que, para a elaboração do processo pedagógico dessas atividades, deve ser considerada a forma de aprendizado dos adultos, que é produzida com base nos problemas enfrentados no dia a dia. O Programa de Residência Médica em Medicina de Família e Comunidade do Serviço de Saúde Comunitária do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (PRMMFC do SSC/GHC) tem por objetivo formar médicos para a Atenção Primária à Saúde, qualificados e resolutivos, com uma prática integradora e continuada, em equipe multidisciplinar, inserida nas comunidades sob seus cuidados. O presente artigo apresenta o Programa Teórico de Núcleo (PTN) do PRMMFC do SSC/GHC, que é a parte do Programa Teórico desta residência responsável pela formação dos aspectos específicos da Medicina de Família e Comunidade. Este relato tem como objetivo contribuir com a práxis metodológica das atividades teóricas dos PRMMFC no Brasil. São apresentados, inicialmente, o Serviço de Saúde Comunitária do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, o PRMMFC do SSC/GHC e o Programa Teórico do PRMMFC do SSC/GHC. Em seguida, o PTN é relatado por meio dos seus quatro elementos constituintes: o eixo norteador, os eixos temáticos e os seus respectivos conteúdos, o processo pedagógico e a avaliação.
Investigation of a human case of trichinellosis on a farm in southwest Ontario
Authors: Newman Angela
Published: December 2014

This case study describes the investigation of a laboratory confirmed case of trichinellosis in a three-year-old female residing on a farm in southwest Ontario. A joint investigation between the Grey Bruce Health Unit and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency allowed for the collection of food samples, animal trace back, and on-farm inspections. Suspect food samples were laboratory confirmed positive for Trichinella spiralis larvae. A food history and review of on-farm husbandry practices revealed a possible scenario for the source of infection.
Sewage Sludge Compost as Potting Media Component for ivy Pelargonium (Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L’Her.) Production
Authors: Agnieszka Zawadzińska  , Piotr Salachna
Published: December 2014

The increasing demand and raising cost of high quality peat for horticultural use have led to search for low cost substrates as an alternative. The source of materials for their production can be various types of industrial, municipal and agricultural waste. Most of them are rich in organic matter and minerals essential for plant growth. The aim of the study was to evaluate the growth and flowering of two ivy pelargonium cultivars (‘Beach’ and ‘Boneta’) grown in the media containing sphagnum peat and composts made from municipal sewage sludge and structure-forming components. Two different types of composts were used, consisting in equal proportions of sewage sludge and straw (SSRS) or leaves (SSL). The composts replaced 25% or 12.5% of sphagnum peat (v/v) in the growth media. A control media was sphagnum peat (100%) supplemented with a mixed fertilizer.It was found that the media containing both types of compost might be useful for growing ivy pelargonium. The most beneficial effect on the growth, foliage, and a decorative value of the pelargonium was observed for the medium containing 12.5% of SSL compost and 87.5% of peat. Decorative value of the pelargonium grown in the medium with 25% of SSL compost or with either dose of SSRS compost, did not differ from the control plants. The investigated cultivars differed in the number of shoot, color and area of leaves as well as length of stem of inflorescence. ‘Boneta’ cv. developed more stems and had greener leaves than those from ’Beach’ cultivar. While cultivar ‘Beach’ had greater area of leaves per plant and longer stem of inflorescence.
Juvenile Probationers, Restitution Payments, and Empathy: An Evaluation of a Restorative Justice Based Program in Northeastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Kuehn Sarah , Yarnell John , Champion David R.
Published: December 2014

Restitution programs are widely used to hold offenders accountable for their actions while providing restoration to victims and community service. However, compliance with restitution requirements is a major problem, as reported by juvenile probation offices across the country. The Firewood Program was developed for juvenile probationers in a rural Pennsylvania county to improve the completion rate of restitution payments to victims and provide community service. This study examines the effectiveness of the restitution program, which was measured as an increase in the offender’s level of empathy and shorter completion times of restitution payments.
Observatoire d’oiseaux du Parc national du Bic : 12 ans de suivi printanier des oiseaux de proie migrateurs
Authors: Guénette Jean-Sébastien , Lang Yong
Published: December 2014

Le belvédère Raoul-Roy, situé dans le Parc national du Bic, est l’un des meilleurs sites au Québec pour observer la migration des oiseaux de proie. Un programme de suivi a été mis en place en 2002 et a notamment pour objectif de caractériser l’abondance et la richesse des oiseaux de proie passant au sud de l’estuaire du fleuve Saint-Laurent, et, par ricochet, l’évolution temporelle du passage printanier de chacune des espèces. Le programme vise aussi à déterminer les conditions favorables à leur migration. Jusqu’à maintenant, 17 espèces d’oiseaux de proie ont été recensées, les plus abondantes étant la buse à queue rousse (Buteo jamaicensis) et l’épervier brun (Accipiter striatus). Le programme a permis aussi de documenter l’augmentation des passages de certaines espèces, dont l’urubu à tête rouge (Cathartes aura), le pygargue à tête blanche (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), l’aigle royal (Aquila chrysaetos) et le faucon pèlerin (Falco peregrinus). Une meilleure connaissance de la migration printanière des oiseaux de proie aidera à leur conservation, notamment au processus d’évaluation environnementale de futurs projets de développement d’énergie éolienne dans l’est du Québec.
Mise en place d’un inventaire spécifique du hibou des marais pour le Québec
Authors: Gagnon Christine , Lemaître Jérôme , Lupien Gilles , Tremblay Junior A.
Published: December 2014

Les populations nord-américaines du hibou des marais (Asio flammeus) sont en déclin depuis les années 1970 et le statut de l’espèce préoccupe plusieurs administrations. Les inventaires traditionnels représentent mal les patrons d’abondance de cette espèce, à cause de son comportement nomade. L’objectif de l’étude était de développer et de mettre en place un programme d’inventaire spécifique à l’espèce afin de documenter sa présence sur le territoire. Au Québec, le Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean semble être une région propice à la nidification de l’espèce. Nous avons sélectionné les sites d’observation en combinant les observations historiques avec les données sur les cultures fourragères. Nous avons réalisé 2 phases d’inventaire par site, de 3 visites chacune. En 2012, 7 des 8 sites étaient occupés durant la phase de migration et de formation des couples, contre 3 sur 9 l’année suivante. Durant la phase de nidification, 3 sites sur 8 étaient occupés en 2012 et 1 des 9 sites l’était en 2013. Nos résultats indiquent que la méthodologie permet de maximiser la détection de l’espèce. Deux visites par phase semblent toutefois suffisantes pour détecter la présence de l’espèce dans 1 site. Enfin, par l’intermédiaire de ce projet, les ornithologues amateurs et les agriculteurs contribuent à la préservation de l’espèce.
Habitat de nidification du faucon pèlerin dans le sud du Québec : comparaison entre les carrières industrielles et les parois naturelles
Authors: Savignac Carl , Bélisle Marc
Published: December 2014

Occupant historiquement des parois naturelles pour la nidification, le faucon pèlerin (Falco peregrinus anatum/tundrius) du sud du Québec utilise maintenant aussi les parois des carrières industrielles. Aucune étude récente n’a encore décrit l’habitat naturel de nidification ou comparé les 2 types d’habitat. À l’aide de données provenant de photographies et d’observations sur le terrain, nous avons comparé plusieurs caractéristiques de l’habitat de nidification de 25 carrières et de 39 sites naturels occupés entre 1995 et 2013 dans le sud du Québec. Les parois de carrières utilisées par les faucons pèlerins diffèrent des parois naturelles principalement par une orientation générale des nids vers le nord et le nord-ouest, contrairement au sud dans les milieux naturels, par une plus faible couverture en arbres et arbustes sur la surface des parois, par des plateformes de nidification situées plus haut sur les parois, par une plus faible proportion de surplombs rocheux au-dessus des nids et par une plus grande proximité des nids à un plan d’eau. De plus, dans les 2 types d’habitat, le tiers des nids de faucon pèlerin était d’anciens nids de grands corbeaux (Corvus corax). L’importance biologique de ces différences pour la nidification du faucon pèlerin est discutée.
Écologie de la reproduction du faucon pèlerin au Nunavut
Authors: Jaffré Mikaël , Franke Alastair , Anctil Alexandre , Galipeau Philippe , Hedlin Erik , Lamarre Vincent , L’Hérault Vincent , Nikolaiczuk Laurent , Peck Kristen , Robinson Barry , Bêty Joël
Published: December 2014

Le déclin historique du faucon pèlerin (Falco peregrinus) observé en Amérique du Nord au milieu duxxesiècle a été principalement attribué à l’échec de reproduction causé par les polluants organochlorés persistants. C’est dans ce contexte que leArctic Raptor Projecta été initié, en 1982, dans le but d’étudier la reproduction de faucons pèlerinsF.p. tundriusnichant dans l’Arctique. Nous présentons ici une synthèse des principaux travaux conduits dans le cadre de ce programme de recherche réalisé essentiellement dans la région de Rankin Inlet, mais aussi plus récemment près d’Igloolik et sur l’île de Baffin au Nunavut. Des résultats portant sur le régime alimentaire, la phénologie de la reproduction, la croissance et la survie des jeunes, ainsi que sur la dynamique de population sont présentés. Le suivi à long terme dans la région de Rankin Inlet a permis de mettre en lumière, entre autres, une baisse du nombre de jeunes au cours des 3 dernières décennies. Des épisodes de fortes précipitations estivales, plus fréquents dans l’aire d’étude ces dernières années, semblent en partie responsables de ces diminutions. En outre, l’étude des rapaces nichant dans l’Arctique est cruciale pour comprendre les conséquences sur la dynamique des populations, notamment des changements climatiques, de l’environnement (p. ex. diminution des polluants organochlorés) et de la structure et du fonctionnement de l’écosystème arctique.
The taste of togetherness
Authors: Clark Jonathan Trevorrow , Ray Anandasankar
Published: December 2014

The larvae of fruit flies produce pheromones to control whether they are attracted to others of the same species or whether they avoid members of a different species.
Conference opening
Authors: Husebekk Anne
Published: December 2014

Welcome address to the 9th Munin Conference, 2014>> See video of presentation (7 min.)
bwFDM Communities – a Research Data Management Initiative in the County of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
Authors: Pappenberger Karlheinz
Published: December 2014

>> See video of presentation (33 min.)On 29th July 2014 the Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, has launched an e-science initiative to build up a powerful, efficient and innovative information infrastructure for all universities, research institutions and universities of applied science of the county of southwest Germany. With the overall budget of 3.7 million euro action plans within the five areas licensing, digitalization, research data management, open access and virtual research environments shall be worked out within the next years.Within this framework an 18-month project has been launched at the beginning of 2014 to evaluate the needs of services and support libraries and IT service centres should offer for researchers in the area of research data management. In this “bwFDM communities” named project full time key accounters have been established at all 9 universities of the county (Freiburg, Heidelberg, Hohenheim, Karlsruhe, Konstanz, Mannheim, Stuttgart, Tuebingen and Ulm; among them national and international highly ranked universities). The task of the key accounters is to identity concrete needs and requirements of all research groups working with research data (in a broad sense including all areas of science, social science and humanities) at each of the nine universities as well as possible solutions by conducting semi-structured personal interviews and documenting them in the form of user stories. As a result issues of importance and requirements will be identified, categorized and finalized to recommendations for concrete action plans.The presentation will give an overview of the first results of the project, thereby also highlighting the roles libraries and IT service centres are expected to play from the researcher´s point of view. Furthermore the presentation will point out the response of the University of Konstanz Library to the rising awareness of the importance of research data within the University Executive, showing the special efforts the University of Konstanz Library undertakes to support researchers in their research data management so far and to build up more and more expertise in the area of research data management. One step had been the set-up of a disciplinary data repository in the field of ornithology (Movebank data repository).
Community Driven Open Science
Authors: O’Connor Brian
Published: December 2014

>> See video of presentation (23 min.) The Royal Society of Chemistry is committed to supporting open science in the UK and at a global level. Our recently launched Chemical Sciences Article Repository provides a subject-specific repository for hosting research outputs, including ‘green’ open access articles from our own authors, and published ‘gold’ articles. We are working with institutional repositories and other publishers to include links to articles on their own sites, ensuring maximum visibility and usage of their own content. Our aim is to ensure compliance with open access mandates is as simple as possible for researchers in the chemical sciences and related disciplines. This complements our Gold for Gold initiative launched in 2012. We plan to expand the Chemical Sciences Repository to include other types of publications, research data and tools. Currently we are building a data repository for the UK academic community as part of our EPSRC funding for hosting the National Chemical Database Service (an EPSRC mid-range facility). This will allow researchers to deposit, access and share data, but allow the flexibility to only share data privately if preferred. Using our expertise from developing ChemSpider, our flagship free chemical database, search functionality and accessibility of the data within the repository will be optimised for the chemical scientist.
Incidents of harm in European drinking environments and relationships with venue and customer characteristics
Authors: Quigg Zara , Hughes Karen , Bellis Mark A. , Van Hasselt Ninette , Calafat Amador , Košir Matej , Duch Mariangels , Juan Montse , Voorham Lotte , Goossens Ferry X.
Published: December 2014

Quigg, Z., Hughes, K., Bellis, M., van Hasselt, N., Calafat, A., Košir, M., Duch, M., Juan, M., Voorham, L., & Goossens, F. (2014). Incidents of harm in European drinking environments and relationships with venue and customer characteristics. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(4), 269-275. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.180Aim: Research shows there are associations between bar environments and alcohol-related harms. However, few European studies have examined such links. Our study investigates the type of harms experienced by patrons in European bars, and their relationships with individual, social and environmental factors.Design: Unobtrusive one-hour observational visits. Characteristics of the bar environment, staff and patrons, and harms observed were recorded on structured schedules.Setting: Bars in four cities in the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain and the United Kingdom (U.K.).Participants: 238 observations across 60 bars.Measures: Analyses utilized chi-squared, analyses of variance and logistic regression.Findings: 114 incidents of harm were observed; in one-fifth of visits, at least one incident was recorded. People falling over, arguing or being so severely intoxicated that they required assistance to walk were the most common incidents observed. Bivariate analyses showed associations between a range of staffing, customer and environmental characteristics, and incidents of harm. Controlling for city and venue, only a permissive environment remained significant in multivariate analyses.Conclusions: Harms occurring in nightlife venues are typically minor. However, such incidents have the potential to escalate into more serious harms; thus, prevention is crucial. Prevention should focus on improving venue management practice and on the behavioral standards expected of customers.
Social networks and alcohol consumption among first generation Chinese and Korean immigrants in the Los Angeles metropolitan area
Authors: Hofstetter C. Richard , Clapp John D. , Allem Jon-Patrick , Hughes Suzanne C. , Li Yawen , Irvin Veronica , Daly Alan J. , Kang Sunny , Hovell Melbourne F.
Published: December 2014

Hofstetter, C., Clapp, J., Allem, J., Hughes, S., Li, Y., Irvin, V., Daly, A., Kang, S., & Hovell, M. (2014). Social networks and alcohol consumption among first generation Chinese and Korean immigrants in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(4), 245-255. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.188Aims: To test hypotheses involving mechanisms of reinforcement of alcohol behaviors operating in social networks.Design: Telephone interviews conducted by professional interviewers in Mandarin or Korean or English with first generation Chinese (from Mainland or Taiwan) and Korean immigrants residing using a dual frame stratified sampling design. Combined probability and non-probability approaches for sampling due to the widespread use of cell phones. Interviews were conducted in language of preferences with over 95% of interviews in Korean or Mandarin.Setting: Residents of three counties with the largest proportions of eligible residents (Los Angeles, Orange, and San Bernardino) were included.Participants: Adult residents (21 and over) stratified by gender who could be reached by telephone constituted the sample.Measures: Measures included frequency/amount alcohol consumption drawn from NIAAA standard, a “relax, socialize, have fun with” name generator was used to identify alters. Reinforcers within networks were measured by participant reports of amount of alter drinking, drunkenness, and encouragement to drink, acculturation, and demographic variables were measured by self report.Findings: Using a random effects approach and controlling for other variables, including drinking in the network, acculturation, Korean/Chinese origin, and demographics, source of immigration, network context, as was and sampling frame, encouragement to drink in the network was related to drinking (P<.05).Conclusions: Studies of social networks in relation to health behaviors should include measures of actions within networks, especially reinforcers of behaviors, in order to understand the functioning and consequences of networks.
Misidentification of the source of a neutron transient detected by MESSENGER on 4 June 2011
Authors: Share Gerald H. , Murphy Ronald J. , Tylka Allan J. , Dennis Brian R. , Ryan James M.
Published: December 2014

Low‐energy (1–10 MeV) neutrons emanating from the Sun provide unique information about accelerated ions with steep energy spectra that may be produced in weak solar flares. However, observation of these solar neutrons can only be made in the inner heliosphere where measurement is difficult due to high background rates from neutrons produced by energetic ions interacting in the spacecraft. These ions can be from solar energetic particle events or produced in passing shocks associated with fast coronal mass ejections. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that investigators rule out these secondary neutrons before making claims about detecting neutrons from the Sun. The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) neutron spectrometer recorded an hour‐long neutron transient beginning at 15:45 UTC on 4 June 2011 for which Lawrence et al. (2014) claim there is “strong evidence” that the neutrons were produced by the interaction of ions in the solar atmosphere. We studied this event in detail using data from the MESSENGER neutron spectrometer, gamma ray spectrometer, X‐ray Spectrometer, and Energetic Particle Spectrometer and from the particle spectrometers on STEREO A. We demonstrate that the transient neutrons were secondaries produced by energetic ions, probably accelerated by a passing shock, that interacted in the spacecraft. We also identify significant faults with the authors' arguments in favor of a solar neutron origin for the transient.
Fibers: Laboratory Examination
Authors: Robertson James
Published: December 2014

The laboratory examination of fibers in a forensic context is not a series of unrelated analytical examinations but is rather a holistic examination of fibers as part of a criminalistics approach to fiber examination. This article covers the interface from recovery of fibers at a scene, case management and selection of fibers for more detailed examination. A protocol is described and then each phase of the examination process and instrumentation considered. Emphasis is placed on the central role of microscopic examination in this process.
Fibers: Transfer, Persistence, and Recovery
Authors: Palmer Ray
Published: December 2014

This article considers how past and recent research into the transfer and persistence characteristics of fibers on a particular surface allows us to address not only source‐level interpretative issues regarding fiber evidence (where did it come from?) but also activity‐level propositions (how/when?). In addition, the various methods available for the recovery of fiber evidence are discussed and evaluated.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Meso‐Porous Frameworks
Authors: Chen Yao , Ma Shengqian
Published: December 2014

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted great attention as a new type of prospective materials with various metrics and functionalities. In comparison with microporous MOFs (pore size < 2 nm), mesoporous metal–organic frameworks (mesoMOFs) have largely expanded the utility of MOFs on diverse fields because of their enlarged pore size (2–50 nm) as well as the special characteristics of the mesoporous cages or channels, such as the shape and chemical environments. Herein the strategies for the design and synthesis of mesoMOFs and the structural features of representative mesoMOFs under different catalogs are reviewed. Recent advances of mesoMOFs in diverse applications are also covered, such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, sensing and drug delivery, and the relationship between their functions and the structural specificities are discussed as well.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Fluorinated Frameworks
Authors: Pachfule Pradip , Banerjee Rahul
Published: December 2014

The synthesis of fluorinated metal‐organic frameworks (FMOFs) having fluorine‐lined channels has been reported in the literature. The hydrophobic channels present in FMOFs, wherein protruding fluorine atoms into the pores persuades hydrophobicity, have been utilized for the adsorption/separation of hydrocarbons. In few literature reports, it has been demonstrated that the FMOFs with exposed fluorine‐lined channels shows affinity toward the gaseous molecules because of the high electronegativity of fluorine atoms. Although there are few reports that explain the advantages of FMOFs toward gas adsorption and separation because of overall increase in the adsorption enthalpy, enhancement in gas uptake by FMOFs is not a universal phenomenon, but rather it is system specific and can differ from system to system.
Metal–Organic Frameworks: Adsorption of Hydrocarbons and Alcohols
Authors: Banerjee Debasis , Deibert Benjamin J. , Wang Hao , Li Jing
Published: December 2014

Microporous metal‐organic frameworks (MMOFs) are a new class of crystalline materials comprised of infinite arrays of single metal cations or metal clusters, connected by functionalized organic linker ligands. The adjustable pore sizes and chemical tunability of these materials offer them distinct advantages over traditional zeolite‐based molecular sieves for industrially important gas storage and hydrocarbon separations. The recent advances in hydrocarbon and alcohol adsorption in MMOFs, with a focus on adsorption‐related phenomena, are summarized herein.
Metal–Organic Frameworks: Host Photoreactive Properties
Authors: Richards Victoria J. , Reade Thomas J. , George Michael W. , Champness Neil R.
Published: December 2014

This chapter describes the development of photochemical applications of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with a particular emphasis on the use of photochemical reactions leading to structural modifications of functional groups within the framework structure. It also describes how a building‐block methodology can be used to introduce photoactive components as part of the framework. The chapter will show how photoactive MOFs can be prepared, whose properties with respect to guest inclusion can be modified for use as sensors. Examples of MOFs that include groups that undergo chemical reactions on photoirradiation, leading to either new chemical species or isomerization reaction, are discussed and the effect of the framework on the stabilization of unusual, reactive species is described. The influence of framework structure on photochemical processes is also discussed focusing on intraframework and interframework guest energy transfer and how such processes can be used to induce unusual photochemical and chemical reactions.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Metal‐Uptake
Authors: Hardie Michaele J.
Published: December 2014

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) contain metal cations that are inherent to their framework structure and may also be intrinsic to material properties such as magnetism, catalysis, and luminescence. Uptake of additional metals by a MOF has the potential to introduce new functionality or to alter functionality and thus finds a variety of potential applications. For example, catalysis, luminescence or color changes for sensors, ion exchange, removal of metal contaminants from the atmosphere or solution, altering gas‐binding properties of a MOF by creation of electric dipoles on the framework surface, and ion transport for battery applications. Post‐synthetic modification (PSM) involves the solid‐state MOF framework being chemically altered. PSM of MOFs may occur such that additional or new heterometallic cations or metal‐containing moieties are taken up by the MOF. There are a number of mechanisms to effect metal uptake in MOFs. Direct grafting of metal cations onto the MOF frameworks can occur at pendant, unmetallated sites embedded within the framework linker ligand. For example, through pendant thiols or alcohol groups lining framework pores, or through unmetallated chelating or macrocyclic groups embedded in the framework. Organometallic fragments can be directly grafted onto the arene rings of MOF ligands. PSM of pendant organic functional groups can be used to either create a new ligand group for metal binding, or to directly tether a metal complex. Other mechanisms for forming pendant metal‐binding groups are to demetallation a nonstructural metal cation site, for example, within a linking metal‐salen ligand, or to use a ligand defect approach where ligands with additional binding sites are doped into the MOF during its synthesis. Ion exchange of counter‐anions within the pores of anionic MOFs is another method for metal uptake, and often involves the exchange of an organic counter‐cation for a metal. Metal‐containing guest molecules can be absorbed into the pores of MOFs through solution immersion or chemical vapor deposition techniques. Such complexes are often precursors to form metal@MOFs hydrid materials where metal nanoparticles are embedded in the pores. Exchange may also occur between structural components of a MOF, and metal cation metathesis, also referred to as transmetallation, is where metal cations within the framework are substituted for a different cation, usually with retention of the gross original framework structure.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Jaouen Frédéric , Morozan Adina
Published: December 2014

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with their open pore network; high density of coordinatively unsaturated metal ions; and extremely broad tunability of their pore size, functional groups, and metal‐ion coordination chemistry possess many of the assets required for a successful use in electrochemistry. Recent years have witnessed increased research efforts in this direction, with the vast majority of the literature discussed herein being published in 2010 or later. MOFs have been investigated for their ionic conductivity (especially proton conductivity), electrocatalytic properties, charge‐storage properties for electrochemical supercapacitors, or as rechargeable intercalation or conversion‐reaction electrode for batteries. A proton conductivity up to 2 S m−1has been reported for pure MOF systems (90% RH, 85 °C), up to 1 S m−1for MOFs impregnated with nonvolatile acids (0% RH, 200 °C), whereas a MOF‐polymer mixed‐matrix membrane has shown a conductivity of 25 S m−1(90% RH, 98 °C). In rechargeable batteries, MOF‐based negative electrodes have shown interesting initial capacities of 300 mAh g−1(Li‐intercalation) and 560 mAh g−1(conversion‐reaction mechanism). Positive electrodes based on Prussian blue (PB) analogs have shown a capacity up to 135 mAh g−1(alkali‐metal‐cation insertion), with high capacity retention at fast charging rate. Hybrids combining the well‐known positive electrode materials and PB analogs thus offer new possibilities to design electrodes. MOFs have also been successfully used as precursors to synthesize high‐surface‐area carbons, metal, or metal oxide nanostructured materials tested in electrochemical supercapacitors or rechargeable batteries, as well as nonprecious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. In this sacrificial approach, MOFs are pyrolyzed in various atmospheres and the resulting materials do not contain any trace of MOF but present morphologies reminiscent of the pristine MOF structure, or characteristics that are otherwise difficult to reach.
Automatic processes in aggression: Conceptual and assessment issues
Authors: Bluemke Matthias , Teige‐Mocigemba Sarah
Published: December 2014

This editorial to the special section “Automatic Processes in Aggression: Conceptual and Assessment Issues” introduces major research lines, all of which culminate in recent advances in the measurement of automatic components in aggressive behavior. Researchers of almost all psychological disciplines have stressed increasingly the importance of automatic components to gain a comprehensive psychological understanding of human behavior. This is reflected in current dual‐process theories according to which both controlled processes and rather automatic processes elicit behavior in a synergistic or antagonistic way. As a consequence, complementing self‐reports (assumed to assess predominantly controlled processes) by the use of implicit measures (assumed to assess predominantly automatic processes) has become common practice in various domains. We familiarize the reader with the three contributions that illuminate how such a distinction can further our understanding of human aggression. At the same time, it becomes evident that there is a long way that method‐oriented researchers need to go before we can fully comprehend how to best measure automatic processes in aggression. We see the present special section as an invigorating call to contribute to this endeavor. Aggr. Behav. 41:44–50 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication of All‐Water‐Based Self‐Repairing Superhydrophobic Coatings Based on UV‐Responsive Microcapsules
Authors: Chen Kunlin , Zhou Shuxue , Yang Shu , Wu Limin
Published: December 2014

Superhydrophobic coatings that are also self‐healing have drawn much attention in recent years for improved durability in practical applications. Typically, the release of the self‐healing agents is triggered by temperature and moisture change. In this study, UV‐responsive microcapsules are successfully synthesized by Pickering emulsion polymerization using titania (TiO2) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles as the Pickering agents to fabricate all‐water‐based self‐repairing, superhydrophobic coatings. These coatings are environmentally friendly and can be readily coated on various substrates. Compared to conventional superhydrophobic coatings, these coatings can regenerate superhydrophobicity and self‐cleaning ability under UV light, mimicking the outdoor environment, after they are mechanically damaged or contaminated with organics. They can maintain the superhydrophobicity after multiple cycles of accelerated weathering tests.
Unraveling the Morphology of High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells Based on the Donor Polymer PBDTTT‐EFT
Authors: Huang Wenchao , Gann Eliot , Thomsen Lars , Dong Cunku , Cheng Yi‐Bing , McNeill Christopher R.
Published: December 2014

The microstructure of the polymer PBDTTT‐EFT and blends with the fullerene derivative PC71BM that achieve solar conversion efficiencies of over 9% is comprehensively investigated. A combination of synchrotron techniques are employed including surface‐sensitive near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and bulk‐sensitive grazing‐incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS). A preferential “face‐on” orientation of PBDTTT‐EFT is observed in the bulk of both pristine and blend thin films, with π–π stacking largely normal to the substrate, which is thought to be beneficial for charge transport. At the surface of the blend, a slight “edge‐on” structure of the polymer is observed with side‐chains aligned normal to the substrate. The effect of the solvent additive 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) on solar cell efficiency and film microstructure is also investigated, where the addition of 3 vol% DIO results in an efficiency increase from ≈6.4% to ≈9.5%. GIWAXS studies indicate that the addition of DIO improves the crystallization of the polymer. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are employed to image surface and bulk morphology revealing that DIO suppresses the formation of large PC71BM aggregates.
Totalsynthese von Albicidin – eine Leitstruktur aus Xanthomonas albilineans für potente antibakterielle Gyrase‐Inhibitoren
Authors: Kretz Julian , Kerwat Dennis , Schubert Vivien , Grätz Stefan , Pesic Alexander , Semsary Siamak , Cociancich Stéphane , Royer Monique , Süssmuth Roderich D.
Published: December 2014

Das Antibiotikum Albicidin wird von dem pflanzenpathogenen Bakterium Xanthomonas albilineans synthetisiert. Es zeigt eine bemerkenswerte Aktivität gegen Gram‐positive und Gram‐negative Mikroorganismen. Der Wildtypstamm wie auch der heterologe Expressionsstamm produziert Albicidin bislang in äußerst geringen Mengen, was die Untersuchung des biologischen Profils und die Ausarbeitung von Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Beziehungen erschwert. Aus diesem Grund entwickelten wir eine konvergente Syntheseroute für Albicidin. Die unerwartet schwierige Knüpfung der Peptidbindungen zwischen aromatischen Aminosäuren konnte durch die Verwendung von Triphosgen als Kupplungsreagens ermöglicht werden. Die vorhergehende Strukturaufklärung und die außergewöhnliche antibakterielle Aktivität von Albicidin werden zudem durch die Totalsynthese bestätigt. Zudem ist es erstmals möglich, Albicidin im Multigramm‐Maßstab herzustellen, um das Potential einer kommerziellen Wirkstoffentwicklung eingehender zu untersuchen.
Toward the Design of a Catalytic Metallodrug: Selective Cleavage of G‐Quadruplex Telomeric DNA by an Anticancer Copper–Acridine–ATCUN Complex
Authors: Yu Zhen , Han Menglu , Cowan James A.
Published: December 2014

Telomeric DNA represents a novel target for the development of anticancer drugs. By application of a catalytic metallodrug strategy, a copper–acridine–ATCUN complex (CuGGHK‐Acr) has been designed that targets G‐quadruplex telomeric DNA. Both fluorescence solution assays and gel sequencing demonstrate the CuGGHK‐Acr catalyst to selectively bind and cleave the G‐quadruplex telomere sequence. The cleavage pathway has been mapped by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) experiments. CuGGHK‐Acr promotes significant inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and shortening of telomere length. Both senescence and apoptosis are induced in the breast cancer cell line MCF7.
A Robust Microfluidic Device for the Synthesis and Crystal Growth of Organometallic Polymers with Highly Organized Structures
Authors: Liu Xiao , Yi Qiaolian , Han Yongzhen , Liang Zhenning , Shen Chaohua , Zhou Zhengyang , Sun Jun‐liang , Li Yizhi , Du Wenbin , Cao Rui
Published: December 2014

A simple and robust microfluidic device was developed to synthesize organometallic polymers with highly organized structures. The device is compatible with organic solvents. Reactants are loaded into pairs of reservoirs connected by a 15 cm long microchannel prefilled with solvents, thus allowing long‐term counter diffusion for self‐assembly of organometallic polymers. The process can be monitored, and the resulting crystalline polymers are harvested without damage. The device was used to synthesize three insoluble silver acetylides as single crystals of X‐ray diffraction quality. Importantly, for the first time, the single‐crystal structure of silver phenylacetylide was determined. The reported approach may have wide applications, such as crystallization of membrane proteins, synthesis and crystal growth of organic, inorganic, and polymeric coordination compounds, whose single crystals cannot be obtained using traditional methods.
Biobased interpenetrating polymers networks derived from oligomerized soybean oil and polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Dewasthale Sudhanwa , Graiver Daniel , Narayan Ramani
Published: December 2014

A series of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) with different compositions were prepared from silylated oligomerized soybean oil and silanol‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane. Oligomerization of soybean oil was achieved by heating it with a catalyst in a Parr reactor at elevated temperatures. Vinyltrimethoxysilane was then grafted onto the oligomerized oil. Crosslinked films were obtained from solutions as the silanol groups between the two immiscible components condensed to form stable siloxanes linkages resulting in an entangled network characterized by microphase separation typical to IPNs. The crosslink density between the dispersed phase and the continuous phase was calculated from the average particle size of the dispersed phase. The mechanical and thermal properties were also studied and were found to be directly related to the composition and the crosslink density. These IPN resins can be used as high release liners, low friction materials, soft‐feel coatings or as convenient one‐package protective coatings. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41709.
Study on physiochemical structure and in vitro release behaviors of doxycycline‐loaded PCL microspheres
Authors: Aydin Ozlem , Aydin Baran , Tezcaner Aysen , Keskin Dilek
Published: December 2014

This study aimed to develop drug delivery system of doxycycline‐loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) microspheres. The investigated microsphere formulation can be considered for local application in bone infections and degenerative joint diseases, which generally require long‐term treatments via systemic drugs. PCL‐14 kDa and 65 kDa were used in microsphere preparation. Before release, the microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mean particle size of microspheres was in the range of 74–122 µm and their drug loadings ranged between 10 and 30%. In vitro release profiles were described using the Higuchi and the Korsmeyer–Peppas equations. Diffusion model was applied to experimental data for estimating diffusion coefficients of microspheres; calculated as between 4.5 × 10−10 and 9.5 × 10−10 cm2/s. Although long‐term release from microspheres of PCL‐14 kDa obeyed diffusion model, PCL‐65 kDa microspheres showed this tendency only for some period. Modeling studies showed that the drug release mechanism was mainly dependent on loading and molecular weight differences. Release behavior of PCL‐65 kDa microspheres, however, might be better represented by derivation of a different equation to model for the total release period. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41768
Degradation of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐lactic acid copolymers by Trichotecium roseum fungus
Authors: Lipsa Rodica , Tudorachi Nita , Grigoraş Vasile Cristian , Vasile Cornelia
Published: December 2014

The biodegradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐lactic acid copolymers was analyzed, using Trichotecium roseum fungus. The samples were examined during biodegradation at different periods of exposure. Structural modifications of the biodegraded samples were investigated by Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, and the surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The static light scattering results concluded that the weight average molecular mass (Mw) of the copolymers increased after biodegradation, because the fractions with low molecular weight of the copolymers were destroyed. The thermal behavior and stability of the samples before and after the biodegradation period were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyses. The thermogravimetric analyses and their derivatives (TG‐DTG) showed that the thermal stability of the biodegraded samples was more raised comparatively to the unbiodegraded ones. The DSC results demonstrated that biodegradation took place in the amorphous domains of the investigated polymer samples and the crystallinity degree increased after 24 biodegradation days. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41777.