bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Salviatalin A (I) and Salvitrijudin A (II), Two Diterpenes with Novel Skeletons from Roots of Salvia digitaloides and Antiinflammatory Evaluation.
Authors: Wu Shwu‐Jen , Chan Hsiu‐Hui , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Qian Keduo , Morris‐Natschke Susan , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung , Wu Tian‐Shung
Published: November 2010

Preliminary tests reveal a potent antiinflammatory activity for (I), whereas no cytotoxicity is observed for both constituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Chan—Lam—Evans Coupling of Cbz‐Protected Histidines.
Authors: DalZotto Christophe , Michaux Julien , Martinand‐Lurin Elodie , Campagne Jean‐Marc
Published: November 2010

Direct N‐arylation of protected histidines (I) is readily achieved using arylboronic acids (II) under mild Chan—Lam—Evans conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Various Synthetic Methods for One‐Dimensional Semiconductor Nanowires/Nanorods and Their Applications in Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Chun Jinyoung , Lee Jinwoo
Published: November 2010

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid (Nano)materials Meet Supramolecular Chemistry: A Brief Introduction to Basic Terms and Concepts
Authors: Rurack Knut , Martinez‐Manez Ramon
Published: November 2010

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Different ′Spin′ on Rhenium Chemistry. Synthetic Approaches and Perspectives of 17‐Electron Rhenium Complexes
Authors: Zobi Fabio
Published: November 2010

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Sulfoxidation Reactions: A Metal‐Free Approach
Authors: Stingl Kerstin A. , Tsogoeva Svetlana B.
Published: November 2010

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Responsive Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Triggered Release of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
Authors: Soliman Mahmoud , Allen Stephanie , Davies Martyn C. , Alexander Cameron
Published: November 2010

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microorganisms in Bioflotation and Bioflocculation: Potential Application and Research Needs
Authors: Rao K. Hanumantha , Vilinska A. , Chernyshova I. V.
Published: November 2010

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic and Magnetic Properties of SrTiO3/LaAlO3 Interfaces from First Principles
Authors: Chen Hanghui , Kolpak Alexie M. , Ismail‐Beigi Sohrab
Published: November 2010

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Real Size of Ligands, Reactants and Catalysts: Studies of Structure, Reactivity and Selectivity by ONIOM and Other Hybrid Computational Approaches
Authors: Ananikov Valentine P. , Musaev Djamaladdin G. , Morokuma Keiji
Published: November 2010

Review: 164 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances of Microextraction with Ionic Liquid as Friendly Acceptor Phase for Sample Preparation in Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Sun Xiulan , Li Zaijun , Fang Yinjun , Chen Peipei , Ren Guoxiao , Shan Haixia
Published: November 2010

Review: 68 refs.
A family of real‐time Java benchmarks
Authors: Kalibera Tomas , Hagelberg Jeff , Maj Petr , Pizlo Filip , Titzer Ben , Vitek Jan
Published: November 2010

Java is becoming a viable platform for real‐time computing. There are production and research real‐time Java VMs, as well as applications in both the military and civil sectors. Technological advances and increased adoption of real‐time Java contrast significantly with the lack of benchmarks. Existing benchmarks are either synthetic micro‐benchmarks, or proprietary, making it difficult to independently verify and repeat reported results. This paper presents the CDx benchmark, a family of open‐source implementations of the same application that target different real‐time virtual machines. CDx is, at its core, a real‐time benchmark with a single periodic task, which implements an idealized aircraft collision detection algorithm. The benchmark can be configured to use different sets of real‐time features and comes with a number of workloads. It can be run on standard Java virtual machines, on real‐time and Safety Critical Java virtual machine, and a C version is provided to compare with native performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VoIP secure session assistance and call monitoring via building security gateway
Authors: Li Jung‐Shian , Kao Chuan‐Kai , Tzeng Jau‐Jan
Published: November 2010

A secure architecture is proposed in the home/office networking environment with a special appliance, called Building Security Gateway (BSG), for cheap SIP devices and unsupported soft user agents (UAs) performing security functions successfully, such as construction of secure sessions and encrypting/decrypting media. Therefore, we apply BSG procedure to VoIP for getting secure session. Furthermore, VoIP call monitoring and intercepting functions are also implemented in BSG. Secure session monitoring is supported in this architecture. A prototype BSG is built in a home/office network, and BSG‐based session mobility cases between UAs are examined and the protocol primitives for security and call intercepting are verified. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TRASS: A transmission rate‐adapted streaming server in a wireless environment
Authors: Leu Jenq‐Shiou , Chen Sheng‐Fu
Published: November 2010

The video streaming quality in a wireless communication network environment is largely affected by various network characteristics, such as a limited channel bandwidth and a variant transmission rate. The playback quality of User Equipments (UEs) may not be smooth when the service is delivered via a wireless environment. From the viewpoints of most video receivers, a smooth playback with a lower video quality may be more significant than a lagged or distorted playback with a higher video quality as the transmission rate degrades. Based on the above, we sketch an adaptation agent—Transmission‐Rate Adapted Streaming Server (TRASS), which is located between the original video server and UEs, to adaptively transform the streaming video based on the real transmission rate. In our proposed scheme, UEs would feedback their network access statuses to TRASS and then TRASS would deliver adaptive quality of video streams to UEs according to their feedbacks. The theoretical analysis and simulations using different video tracks encoded in MPEG‐4 and H.264/AVC formats show that TRASS can help wireless streaming users to get a smooth playback quality with a lower packet failure rate. With a low probability of receiving a worse quality of video, users' Quality of Experience can subsequently be raised. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition of TiCl4 and tBuAsH2 to Form Titanium Arsenide Thin Films
Authors: Thomas Tegan , Blackman Christopher S. , Parkin Ivan P. , Carmalt Claire J.
Published: November 2010

Titanium arsenide thin films were deposited by the atmospheric‐pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) of TiCl4 and tBuAsH2 at substrate temperatures between 450 and 550 °C. The deposited films are typically silver in appearance, demonstrate good adherence and were identified by X‐ray powder diffraction as crystalline TiAs. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman microscopy support the formation of TiAs. The TiAs films have an approximate 1:1 ratio of Ti:As, as identified by wavelength dispersive analysis of X‐rays (WDX), and the films grow by an island growth mechanism with deposition rates of ca. 0.1 μm min–1. The films display borderline metallic/semiconductor conductivity and those deposited at 550 °C possess high hardness.
Detection of oxysterols in oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein by MALDI‐TOF MS
Authors: Hasegawa Masahiro , Hakamata Hideki , Matsunaga Io , Kusu Fumiyo
Published: November 2010

A simple method for the detection of oxysterols in oxidatively modified LDL (Ox‐LDL) has been developed using MALDI‐TOF MS. To identify the ion peaks of oxysterols, seven major oxysterols in Ox‐LDL (7α‐hydroxycholesterol, 7β‐hydroxycholesterol, 7‐ketocholesterol, 5α,6α‐epoxycholesterol, 5β,6β‐epoxycholesterol, 25‐hydroxychokesterol, (25R)‐26‐hydroxycholesterol), and cholesta‐3,5‐dien‐7‐one were analyzed by MALDI‐TOF MS. Among these oxysterols, 7‐ketocholesterol, a very abundant oxysterol in Ox‐LDL, was found to show a characteristic peak of [M + H]+ at m/z 401. Cholesta‐3,5‐dien‐7‐one, which is known as a degradation product of 7‐ketocholesterol upon saponification of Ox‐LDL, gave a major peak of [M + H]+ at m/z 383. In contrast, other oxysterols showed similar peak patterns at m/z 367 and 385. These results were applied to the analysis of Ox‐LDL by MALDI‐TOF MS after saponification and hexane‐extraction, detecting ion peaks at m/z 367, 383, 385, and 401. This MALDI‐TOF MS method has a potential as a simple tool to show the presence of oxysterols in Ox‐LDL without derivatization and chromatographic separation.
Amperometric Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand via the Functional Combination of Three Digestion Types
Authors: Zhang Aiyong , Zhou Minghua , Han Lu , Zhou Qixing
Published: November 2010

The study focused on the proposal and experimental validation of an combined photoelectrocatalytic principle for chemical oxygen demand determination (combined PeCOD, PeCOD‐combined), which was functionally comprised of photon‐efficient thin‐film photochemical, photocarrier‐efficient electrochemical and conventional bulk‐phase photochemical digestion types in one single photodigestion process. The combined PeCOD technology was proposed mainly on the basis of the significantly informative work of existing photoelectrocatalytic COD (thin‐layer PeCOD, PeCOD‐thin), and could realize the three different digestion types on one single rotating photoanode. The three important operation conditions of rotating speed, applied bias and pH value were investigated and optimized, and a wide analytical linear range of 2.7–11 500 mg/L was consequently obtained during an approximately 5–110 min determination period, and a real sample analysis further validated the practical feasibility of the proposed PeCOD‐combined. In PeCOD‐combined the main organics digestion and signal generation occurred via PeCOD‐thin due to efficient UV utilization and excellent photodigestion activity.
Activity of SiDbCl in the Electrooxidation of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid
Authors: Arguello Jacqueline , Magosso Hérica A. , Canevari Thiago C. , Landers Richard , Gushikem Yoshitaka
Published: November 2010

Selective electroanalytical responses for ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid at a carbon modified electrode based on 3‐n‐propyl‐1‐azonia‐4‐azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane silsesquioxane chloride (SiDbCl) is reported. The overlapped peaks observed at an unmodified electrode are resolved into three well defined voltammetric peaks allowing the simultaneous determination of the three species. Detection limits of 37, 0.3 and 0.1 μmo L−1 of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid, respectively, were calculated from calibration curves based on differential pulse voltammetric experiments performed in Britton‐Robinson buffer solution at pH 7.04.
Looking for similar patterns among monitoring stations. Venice Lagoon application
Authors: Pastres R. , Pastore A. , Tonellato S. F.
Published: November 2010

The main purpose of this paper is to provide a classification, in terms of different trophic variables, of the sites of a water quality monitoring network located in Venice Lagoon. We apply a classification method based on functional data analysis (FDA), introduced by James and Sugar (2003), which allows to take into account sample information about the temporal dynamics of the variables of interest, as well as quantify the uncertainty in the partition. We found that classification based on FDA can provide useful insights to environmental scientists and public authorities with respect to the optimisation of monitoring networks and the identification of critical features deserving further investigation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of pure‐component flash points for organic compounds
Authors: Rowley Jeffrey R. , Rowley Richard L. , Wilding W. Vincent
Published: November 2010

Published flash point prediction methods are evaluated for accuracy against experimental data from the DIPPR ® 801 database. The most accurate methods require a vapor pressure correlation, which is often not available. Two new methods are presented, one that uses the vapor pressure, and one based on the normal boiling point and enthalpy of vaporization at the normal boiling point. The vapor pressure method shows little improvement over the previous methods unless group contributions are implemented. The boiling point method predicts the flash point within an absolute average deviation of 1.3% when compared with data for more than 1000 compounds. The previous most accurate method that was not based on vapor pressure exhibited an absolute average deviation of 1.84% for the same test set. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility of reformulating flavours between food products using in vivo aroma comparisons
Authors: Yang Nicole , Linforth Robert S. T. , Walsh Stuart , Brown Keith , Hort Joanne , Taylor Andrew J.
Published: November 2010

The feasibility of reformulating a commercial flavouring using a simple predictive model was studied in two confectionery (candy) systems. Initially, the variation in the different stages of the reformulation process was quantified using a model flavour. MS‐Nose analysis showed variation between 1% and 3% for static headspace analyses (ethyl nonanoate showed 9% variation). Flavour content in the finished candies varied from 4% to 22%. Despite variation between panellists' aroma release (3–60%), data analysis indicated that representative aroma release could be obtained using five panellists consuming three replicates. For reformulation studies, a simple commercial strawberry flavouring was chosen that delivered a highly acceptable flavour in a pectin–sucrose gel, but did not perform so well in a chewy candy containing sugar, protein and fat. By measuring in vivo aroma profiles in people eating the gel and the chewy candy, the relative change in aroma release could be determined and used to reformulate the strawberry flavouring so its release in both candies was similar. The sensory performance of candies with the original and reformulated flavourings was measured using difference testing (n = 100) and descriptive analysis (n = 5). Both analyses indicated that the reformulated flavour performed significantly better than the original flavour. The work shows the translation of a laboratory‐based concept into the commercial world and provides another tool to assist flavourists in reformulating flavourings to deliver food products with the desired sensory properties. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling ice–bed coupling during a glacier speed‐up event: Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland
Authors: Fischer Urs H. , Mair Doug , Kavanaugh Jeffrey L. , Willis Ian , Nienow Peter , Hubbard Bryn
Published: November 2010

Short‐term increases in surface velocity have long been observed on alpine glaciers and more recently across the Greenland Ice Sheet. Alpine speed‐up events typically occur when the subglacial drainage system is unable to accommodate a sudden and large influx of water. The ensuing backup of water in the drainage system commonly leads to a rise in subglacial water pressure, local ice–bed decoupling and enhanced sliding. Through horizontal stress coupling, this locally induced high pressure forcing also increases glacier motion in regions adjacent to the decoupled regions by enhanced, non‐locally forced basal motion. These speed‐up events demonstrate the importance of subglacial hydromechanical adjustments for patterns of glacier flow. This article applies Kavanaugh and Clarke's (2006) numerical model, which simultaneously solves equations that describe the time‐evolution of subglacial sediment pore‐water pressure, bed deformation, glacier sliding and ice‐dynamical shear stress transfer, to Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland. Model input parameters are determined from field observations and interpretations of the basal hydrological system beneath the main glacier tongue and in particular during an approximate fivefold increase in surface velocity observed in June 1998 (Mair et al., 2003). Model output, in the form of synthetic subglacial instrument responses, is compared with signals recorded by instruments emplaced at the glacier bed. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that while the model outputs are sensitive to input parameters, modelled sediment strength and shear strain rate responses show good agreement, in both magnitude and form, with values recorded in the field under specific realistic parameterizations. The qualitative agreement between measurements and modelled output suggests that the key assumptions regarding hydraulically induced changes in sediment strength, sediment deformation and basal shear stress distribution are sound. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep arrangements and maternal adaptation in infancy
Authors: Countermine Molly S. , Teti Douglas M.
Published: November 2010

Among the many decisions that parents make regarding child‐rearing practices, an important one involves sleep arrangements. Little is known about the relationship between chosen sleep arrangements, parents' adaptation to these choices, parental sleep quality, spousal support, and parental distress. Forty‐five mothers and fathers with infants 1 to 24 months old completed measures of parental attitudes and practices regarding sleep arrangements. Shared sleep with one's infant was associated with poorer parental adaptation to infant sleep disruption, and this was true even when parents endorsed the practice of sharing sleep with their infants. Among mothers, shared sleep and poorer adaptation to infant sleep were significantly associated with elevated depressive symptoms, poorer sleep quality, and spousal criticism directed to mothers about where the infant slept during the night. For mothers, criticism from their spouses about where the baby slept, mothers' sleep quality, and depressive symptoms mediated the link between sleep arrangements and maternal adaptation. Results emphasize the importance of taking into account individual differences in the quality of parents' adaptation to infant sleep behavior, a construct largely ignored in the child sleep literature to date, in understanding linkages between infant sleep quality and infant–parent outcomes.
In vitroandin vivobiocompatibility studies of a recombinant analogue of spidroin 1 scaffolds
Authors: Moisenovich M. M. , Pustovalova O. L. , Yu Arhipova A. , Vasiljeva T. V. , Sokolova O. S. , Bogush V. G. , Debabov V. G. , Sevastianov V. I. , Kirpichnikov M. P. , Agapov I. I.
Published: November 2010

The goal of this study was to generate porous scaffolds from the genetically engineered protein, an analogue ofNephila clavipesspidroin 1 (rS1/9) and to assess the properties of new rS1/9 scaffolds essential for bioengineering. The salt leaching technique was used to make the rS1/9 scaffolds of interconnected macroporous structure with spontaneously formed micropores. The tensile strength of scaffolds was 18 ± 5 N/cm2. Scaffolds were relatively stable in a phosphate buffer but degraded in oxidizing environment after 11 weeks of incubation. Applicability of the recombinant spidroin 1 as a substrate for cell culture was demonstrated by successful 3T3 cells growth on the surface of rS1/9 films (270 ± 20 cells/mm2vs. 97 ± 8 cells/mm2on the glass surface,p< 0.01). The 3T3 fibroblasts readily proliferated within the rS1/9 scaffold (from initially plated 19 ± 2 cells/mm3to 3800 ± 304 cells/mm3after 2 weeks). By this time, cells were uniformly distributed between the surface and deeper layers (27% ± 8% and 33% ± 4%, respectively;p> 0.05), whereas the initial distribution was 58% ± 7% and 11% ± 8%, respectively;p< 0.05). The rS1/9 scaffolds implanted subcutaneously into Balb/c mice were well tolerated. Over a 2‐month period, the scaffolds promoted an ingrowth ofde novoformed vascularized connective tissue elements and nerve fibers. Thus, scaffolds made of the novel recombinant spidroin 1 analogue are potentially applicable in tissue engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
In Vitro characterization of low modulus linoleic acid coated strontium‐substituted hydroxyapatite containing PMMA bone cement
Authors: Lam W. M. , Pan H. B. , Fong M.K. , Cheung W. S. , Wong K. L. , Li Z. Y. , Luk K. D. K. , Chan W. K. , Wong C. T. , Yang C. , Lu W. W.
Published: November 2010

Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is widely used in vertebral body augmentation procedures such as vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty. Filling high modulus PMMA increases the modulus of filled verterbra, increasing the risk of fracture in the adjacent vertebra. On the other hand, in porous PMMA bone cements, wear particle generation and deterioration of mechanical performance are the major drawbacks. This study adopts a new approach by utilizing linoleic acid coated strontium substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (Sr‐5 HA) and linoleic acid as plasticizer reducing bone cement's modulus with minimal impact on its strength. We determined the compressive strength (UCS) and modulus (Ec), hydrophobicity, injectability, in vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility of this bone cement at different filler and linoleic acid loading. At 20 wt % Sr5‐HA incorporation, UCS and Ec were reduced from 63 ± 2 MPa, 2142 ± 129 MPa to 58 ± 2 MPa, 1785 ± 64 MPa, respectively. UCS and Ec were further reduced to 49 ± 2 MPa and 774 ± 70 MPa respectively when 15 v/v of linoleic acid was incorporated. After 7 days of incubation, pre‐osteoblast cells (MC3T3‐E1) attached on 20 wt % Sr5‐HA and 20 wt % Sr5‐HA with 15 v/v of linoleic acid group were higher (3.73 ± 0.01 × 104, 2.27 ± 0.02 × 104) than their PMMA counterpart (1.83 ± 0.04 × 104). Incorporation of Sr5‐HA with linoleic acid in monomer phase is more effective in reducing the bone cement's stiffness than Sr5‐HA alone. Combination of low stiffness and high mechanical strength gives the novel bone cement the potential for use in vertebroplasty cement applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
A Raman and infrared spectroscopic study of Ca2+ dominant members of the mixite group from the Czech Republic
Authors: Čejka Jiří , Sejkora Jiří , Plášil Jakub , Keeffe Eloise C. , Bahfenne Silmarilly , Palmer Sara J. , Frost Ray L.
Published: November 2010

The minerals of the mixite group—zálesíite CaCu6[(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6]·3H2O from abandoned uranium deposit Zálesí, Czech Republic and calciopetersite CaCu6[(PO4)2(PO3OH)(OH)6]·3H2O from a quarry near Domašov na Bystřicí, northern Moravia, Czech Republic—were studied by Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The observed bands were assigned to the stretching and bending vibrations of (AsO4)3− and (AsO3OH)2− ions in zálesíite, and (PO4)3− and (PO3OH)2− in calciopetersite, and to molecular water, hydroxyl ions, and Cu‐(O,OH) units in both minerals. OH···O hydrogen‐bond lengths in zálesíite and calciopetersite structures were calculated with Libowitzky's empirical relation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tip‐heating‐assisted Raman spectroscopy at elevated temperatures
Authors: Tarun Alvarado , Hayazawa Norihiko , Yano Taka‐Aki , Kawata Satoshi
Published: November 2010

We demonstrate tip‐heating‐assisted enhanced Raman spectroscopy to investigate the temperature dependence of the carbon nanotube G‐band with nanoscale resolution. The controllable and nanoscale heat generated at the tip apex was used to thermally perturb and characterize a small volume in a carbon nanotube sample that is precisely positioned underneath the tip. The dependence of tip enhancement with temperature was also experimentally examined, which is in good agreement with the enhancement calculated from the electromagnetic model of isolated spheroids. The technique presented may open up opportunities in the study of controlled heat‐assisted biochemical reactions and physical transformations of nanostructures. It can also be used for thermal characterization of various materials requiring site‐selective and controllable nanoscale heat source and could enable the realization of new photothermal devices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of phosphatase homologue of tensin protein expression by bone morphogenetic proteins in prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Jerde Travis J. , Wu Zhong , Theodorescu Dan , Bushman Wade
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND

Phosphatase homologue of tensin (PTEN) is the most commonly mutated gene in prostate cancer. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are known to promote differentiation and inhibit proliferation. Previously published reports from other organ systems led us to investigate a mechanistic relationship between PTEN and BMP signaling in prostate epithelial cells.

METHODS

We analyzed growth rate and PTEN expression in E6, BPH‐1, and C4‐2B prostate epithelial cells treated with BMP‐4. We also treated doxacyclin‐inducible PTEN‐C4‐2B cells with BMP‐4 and doxacyclin to determine the effect of BMP on growth and PTEN expression in conditions of increasing PTEN expression. We determined the dependency of BMP‐mediated growth inhibition via siRNA knockdown of PTEN expression and BMP treatment. We determined PTEN protein stability by determining the effect of BMP‐4 on PTEN protein at time points after treatment with cyclohexamide, a translation inhibitor.

RESULTS

We found that BMP‐4 induces PTEN in E6 and BPH‐1 cells and reduces proliferation. Knockdown of PTEN attenuated the growth‐inhibiting effects of BMP‐4 in these cells. BMP‐4 had no effect in PTEN‐negative C4‐2B cells, but doxacyclin‐driven PTEN C4‐2B cells responded to BMP‐4 with enhanced PTEN and growth inhibition. BMP‐4 also increased PTEN protein stability.

CONCLUSIONS

BMP signaling induces PTEN expression and sustains PTEN protein expression resulting in inhibition of prostate epithelial cell growth. These data are the first to identify a mechanistic linkage between BMP signaling and PTEN in the prostate, both of which are independently identified as tumor suppressors and suggest possible coordinate dysregulation in prostate cancer. Prostate 71:791–800, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of electroporation‐mediated diphtheria toxin A expression on PSA positive human prostate xenograft tumors in SCID mice
Authors: Goepfert Christine , Gazdhar Amiq , Frey Felix J. , Frey Brigitte M.
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND

Current therapies to treat prostate cancer are often limited. Since it has been shown that very low concentrations of diphtheria toxin A (DT‐A) result in abrogation of protein synthesis and apoptosis of cells, DT‐A might serve as an efficient killer in cancer gene therapy. For this purpose we investigated in a quantitative manner using a stereological approach the apoptotic effect of DT‐A in androgen receptor (AR) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) expressing cells after tumor formation in both flanks of SCID mice.

METHODS

First, DT‐A plasmid transfection was evaluated, using the lipid formulation DMRIE‐C in C4‐2 prostate cancer xenografts. After detection of an overall high rate of apoptosis by DMRIE‐C alone, plasmid delivery was performed in a second study by electroporation. Finally this method was used to specifically target the AR and PSA expressing cell line C4‐2 using pDT‐A driven by a prostate specific promoter and enhancer (PSE/PSA). PC‐3 cells, being AR and PSA negative, served as controls.

RESULTS

The experiments revealed evidence of a reduced growth rate of AR and PSA expressing C4‐2 cells in vitro and in vivo compared to the AR and PSA negative prostate cancer cell line PC‐3. The electroporation technology favored the response compared to DMRIE‐C.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that the local delivery of DT‐A plasmid by electroporation might present a favorable factor to treat prostate cancer. Prostate 71:872–880, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of theoretical efficiency limit of hot carriers solar cells with a bulk indium nitride absorber
Authors: Aliberti P. , Feng Y. , Takeda Y. , Shrestha S. K. , Green M. A. , Conibeer G.
Published: November 2010

Theoretical efficiencies of a hot carrier solar cell considering indium nitride as the absorber material have been calculated in this work. In a hot carrier solar cell highly energetic carriers are extracted from the device before thermalisation, allowing higher efficiencies in comparison to conventional solar cells. Previous reports on efficiency calculations approached the problem using two different theoretical frameworks, the particle conservation (PC) model or the impact ionization model, which are only valid in particular extreme conditions. In addition an ideal absorber material with the approximation of parabolic bands has always been considered in the past. Such assumptions give an overestimation of the efficiency limits and results can only be considered indicative. In this report the real properties of wurtzite bulk InN absorber have been taken into account for the calculation, including the actual dispersion relation and absorbance. A new hybrid model that considers particle balance and energy balance at the same time has been implemented. Effects of actual impact ionization (II) and Auger recombination (AR) lifetimes have been included in the calculations for the first time, considering the real InN band structure and thermalisation rates. It has been observed that II-AR mechanisms are useful for cell operation in particular conditions, allowing energy redistribution of hot carriers. A maximum efficiency of 43.6% has been found for 1000 suns, assuming thermalisation constants of 100 ps and ideal blackbody absorption. This value of efficiency is considerably lower than values previously calculated adopting PC or II-AR models.
Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of oxygen deficient fluorite derivative Ga3−xIn5+xSn2O16
Authors: Bhame S. D. , Zhou T. , Guilmeau E. , Kinemuchi Y. , Delorme F. , Raveau B.
Published: November 2010

Exploring the possibility to obtain n-type oxide thermoelectrics, the transparent conducting oxide Ga3−xIn5+xSn2O16 (0.3<x<1.6) has been investigated taking into consideration its structural relationships with In2O3 and its much lower indium content, more promising for applications. The absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient decreases almost linearly with x, whereas improvement in the power factor is obtained by increasing the indium content. The figure of merit ZT value reaches about 0.28 at 1000 K for x=0.6. The observed results are explained taking into account the peculiarities of the oxygen-deficient fluorite structure.
Perturbative correction for the basis set incompleteness error of complete-active-space self-consistent field
Authors: Kong Liguo , Valeev Edward F.
Published: November 2010

To reduce the basis set incompleteness of the complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave function and energy we develop a second-order perturbation correction due to single excitations to complete set of unoccupied states. Other than the one- and two-electron integrals, only one- and two-particle reduced density matrices are required to compute the correction, denoted as [2]S. Benchmark calculations on prototypical ground-state bond-breaking problems show that only the aug-cc-pVXZ basis is needed with the [2]S correction to match the accuracy of CASSCF energies of the aug-cc-pV(X+1)Z quality.
The complemented system approach: A novel method for calculating the x-ray scattering from computer simulations
Authors: Lajovic Andrej , Tomšič Matija , Jamnik Andrej
Published: November 2010

In this paper, we review the main problem concerning the calculation of x-ray scattering of simulated model systems, namely, their finite size. A novel method based on the Rayleigh–Debye–Gans approximation was derived, which allows sidestepping this issue by complementing the missing surroundings of each particle with an average image of the system. The method was designed to operate directly on particle configurations without an intermediate step (e.g., calculation of pair distribution functions): in this way, all information contained in the configurations was preserved. A comparison of the results against those of other known methods showed that the new method combined several favorable properties: an arbitrary q-scale, scattering curves free of truncation artifacts, and good behavior down to the theoretical lower limit of the q-scale. A test of computational efficiency was also performed to establish a relative scale between the speeds of all known methods: the reciprocal lattice approach, the brute force method, the Fourier transform approach, and the newly presented complemented system approach.
Chemical interaction of B4C, B, and C with Mo/Si layered structures
Authors: de Rooij-Lohmann V. I. T. A. , Veldhuizen L. W. , Zoethout E. , Yakshin A. E. , van de Kruijs R. W. E. , Thijsse B. J. , Gorgoi M. , Schäfers F. , Bijkerk F.
Published: November 2010

To enhance the thermal stability, B4C diffusion barrier layers are often added to Mo/Si multilayer structures for extreme ultraviolet optics. Knowledge about the chemical interaction between B4C and Mo or Si, however is largely lacking. Therefore, the chemical processes during annealing up to 600 °C of a Mo/B4C/Si layered structure have been investigated in situ with hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ex situ with depth profiling x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Mo/B/Si and Mo/C/Si structures have also been analyzed as reference systems. The chemical processes in these systems have been identified, with two stages being distinguished. In the first stage, B and C diffuse and react predominantly with Mo. MoSix forms in the second stage. If the diffusion barrier consists of C or B4C, a compound forms that is stable up to the maximum probed temperature and annealing time. We suggest that the diffusion barrier function of B4C interlayers as reported in literature can be caused by the stability of the formed compound, rather than by the stability of B4C itself.
Amplitude and phase noise of magnetic tunnel junction oscillators
Authors: Quinsat M. , Gusakova D. , Sierra J. F. , Michel J. P. , Houssameddine D. , Delaet B. , Cyrille M.-C. , Ebels U. , Dieny B. , Buda-Prejbeanu L. D. , Katine J. A. , Mauri D. , Zeltser A. , Prigent M. , Nallatamby J.-C. , Sommet R.
Published: November 2010

The microwave emission linewidth of spin transfer torque nano-oscillators is closely related to their phase and amplitude noise that can be extracted from the magnetoresistive voltage signal V(t) using single shot time domain techniques. Here we report on phase and amplitude noise studies for MgO based magnetic tunnel junction oscillators. The analysis of the power spectral densities allows one to separate the linear and nonlinear contributions to the phase noise, the nonlinear contribution being due to the coupling between phase and amplitude. The coupling strength as well as the amplitude relaxation rate can be directly extracted.
Effect of beam premodulation on excitation of surface plasma waves in a magnetized plasma
Authors: Gupta Ruby , Sharma Suresh C. , Prakash Ved
Published: November 2010

A density modulated electron beam propagating through a vacuum magnetized plasma interface drives electromagnetic surface plasma waves (SPWs) to instability via Cerenkov and fast cyclotron interaction. Numerical calculations of the growth rate and unstable mode frequencies have been carried out for the typical parameters of the SPWs. The growth rate γ of the unstable wave instability increases with the modulation index (Δ) and is maximized for Δ=1. For Δ=0, γ turns out to be ∼4.32×1010 rad/s for Cerenkov interaction and ∼6.81×1010 rad/s for fast cyclotron interaction. The growth rate of the instability increases with the beam density and scales as one-third power of the beam density in Cerenkov interaction and is proportional to the square root of beam density in fast cyclotron interaction. In addition, the real frequency of the unstable wave increases with the beam-energy and scales as almost one-half power of the beam-energy.
Energetic consistency and momentum conservation in the gyrokinetic description of tokamak plasmas
Authors: Scott B. , Smirnov J.
Published: November 2010

Gyrokinetic field theory is addressed in the context of a general Hamiltonian. The background magnetic geometry is static and axisymmetric and all dependence of the Lagrangian on dynamical variables is in the Hamiltonian or in free field terms. Equations for the fields are given by functional derivatives. The symmetry through the Hamiltonian with time and toroidal angle invariance of the geometry lead to energy and toroidal momentum conservation. In various levels of ordering against fluctuation amplitude, energetic consistency is exact. The role of this in the underpinning of conservation laws is emphasized. Local transport equations for the vorticity, toroidal momentum, and energy are derived. In particular, the momentum equation is shown for any form of Hamiltonian to be well behaved and to relax to its magnetohydrodynamic form when long wavelength approximations are taken in the Hamiltonian. Several currently used forms, those which form the basis of most global simulations, are shown to be well defined within the gyrokinetic field theory and energetic consistency.
The silane depletion fraction as an indicator for the amorphous/crystalline silicon interface passivation quality
Authors: Descoeudres A. , Barraud L. , Bartlome R. , Choong G. , De Wolf Stefaan , Zicarelli F. , Ballif C.
Published: November 2010

In silicon heterojunction solar cells, thin amorphous silicon layers passivate the crystalline silicon wafer surfaces. By using in situ diagnostics during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), the authors report how the passivation quality of such layers directly relate to the plasma conditions. Good interface passivation is obtained from highly depleted silane plasmas. Based upon this finding, layers deposited in a large-area very high frequency (40.68 MHz) PECVD reactor were optimized for heterojunction solar cells, yielding aperture efficiencies up to 20.3% on 4 cm2 cells.
High frequency carbon nanomechanical resonators embedded with carbon nanotube stiffening layers
Authors: Lee Seung Hoon , Min Bumki , Lee Seung S. , Park Se Il , Lee Kwang-Cheol
Published: November 2010

We present batch-fabricated carbon-based nanomechanical resonators which are laminated by a pyrolyzed carbon layer and single-walled carbon-nanotube network (C/CNT resonators). The embedded CNT layers simultaneously enhance the electrical conductivity (∼160-fold) and mechanical stiffness (10% higher Young’s modulus) compared to nonstiffened carbon-only resonators. Dynamic behaviors of the fabricated C/CNT and carbon-only resonators, including fundamental frequency, Q-factor, and frequency tuning characteristics show comparable performance to the silicon based resonators.
The impact of gate dielectric materials on the light-induced bias instability in Hf–In–Zn–O thin film transistor
Authors: Kwon Jang-Yeon , Jung Ji Sim , Son Kyoung Seok , Lee Kwang-Hee , Park Joon Seok , Kim Tae Sang , Park Jin-Seong , Choi Rino , Jeong Jae Kyeong , Koo Bonwon , Lee Sang Yoon
Published: November 2010

This study examined the effect of gate dielectric materials on the light-induced bias instability of Hf–In–Zn–O (HIZO) transistor. The HfOx and SiNx gated devices suffered from a huge negative threshold voltage (Vth) shift (>11 V) during the application of negative-bias-thermal illumination stress for 3 h. In contrast, the HIZO transistor exhibited much better stability (<2.0 V) in terms of Vth movement under identical stress conditions. Based on the experimental results, we propose a plausible degradation model for the trapping of the photocreated hole carrier either at the channel/gate dielectric or dielectric bulk layer.
Atomic resolution imaging at 2.5 GHz using near-field microwave microscopy
Authors: Lee Jonghee , Long Christian J. , Yang Haitao , Xiang Xiao-Dong , Takeuchi Ichiro
Published: November 2010

Atomic resolution imaging is demonstrated using a hybrid scanning tunneling/near-field microwave microscope. The microwave channels of the microscope correspond to the resonant frequency and quality factor of a coaxial microwave resonator, which is built in to the scan head. The microscope is capable of simultaneously recording the low frequency tunnel current (0–10 kHz) and the information from the microwave channels. When the tip-sample distance is within the tunneling regime, we obtain atomic resolution images using the microwave channels. We attribute this atomic contrast to gigahertz frequency current through the tunnel junction. Images of graphite and Au(111) are presented.
Iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy – what are the solutions?
Authors: Derbyshire Emma
Published: November 2010

Purpose

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a common problem in pregnancy and may influence the health of both mother and child. The purpose of this paper is to discuss current prevention and treatment strategies for pregnancy IDA and describe alternative methods, such as food‐based approaches that may be another way forward.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review was conducted to locate and summarise up‐to‐date published studies within the field.

Findings

There is good evidence that iron supplements may be used to prevent and treat IDA in pregnancy. However, there is much debate about “the optimal” dose to recommend. High doses may contribute to oxidative stress and cause gastrointestinal symptoms while there still remain problems with compliance, even for lower dose iron supplements. Encouraging the daily consumption of functional foods containing suitable levels of iron may therefore be an alternative way to improve pregnancy iron status.

Research limitations/implications

There is a wealth of important studying the health implications of iron supplements in pregnancy. More work is needed to establish whether functional foods containing iron could be an alternative way to help improve iron status.

Originality/value

Most papers and research focus on supplement use as a preventative measure and treatment for IDA; few discuss other approaches.
The impact of entrepreneurship education on succession in ethnic minority family firms
Authors: Hussain Javed G. , Scott Jonathan M. , Matlay Harry
Published: November 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact that entrepreneurship education can have on succession in ethnic minority family firms that operate in the highly competitive UK economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper employs a complex conceptual model of ethnic minority graduates' economic activities and outlines the possible influence that entrepreneurship education can have on succession in their family firms. An illustrative case study is presented of an ethnic minority graduate who returned to work in the family firm.

Findings

It emerges that entrepreneurship education provision in UK HEIs is insufficiently customised to, and focused on, the specific entrepreneurial needs of graduates. Educators should take into account the complex socio‐economic and cultural differences between native and ethnic minority learning environments. Effective entrepreneurship education emerges as crucial to the survival and growth of ethnic minority family businesses in the UK and could contribute positively to ownership transfer in this type of firm.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed theoretical model has not been empirically tested and it is only indicative of the impact that entrepreneurship education could have on succession in small ethnic minority family businesses in the UK.

Originality/value

Although prior research has explored various aspects of ownership succession, this article focuses specifically on the impact that entrepreneurship education can have on succession in small ethnic minority family firms.
An investigation of the continuing professional development practices of Indonesian academic libraries
Authors: Maesaroh Imas , Genoni Paul
Published: November 2010

Purpose

This paper reports on ongoing research examining the present and desired state of academic library staff education and professional development in Indonesia. The long‐term goal of the research is to determine ways in which Indonesian academic libraries and their staff can be supported in order to assist universities in producing high‐quality research, teaching, and learning outcomes. The paper seeks to address these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was delivered to managers of libraries serving Indonesian public universities. The survey instrument used in this research was based on that used in the neXus2 survey distributed to Australian library managers in 2007. The paper includes a comparison of survey results on key outcomes for Indonesian and Australian library managers.

Findings

The paper reports on the library policies and practices regarding the current level and type of continuing professional development and work place training; and the management, funding and prioritisation of continuing professional development in Indonesian academic libraries.

Practical implications

The results have implications for the planning and implementation of continuing professional development in Indonesian academic libraries.

Originality/value

This paper reports the results of one of the few major studies of library staff development undertaken in a developing country.
Top executives' international expertise commitment: exploring potential antecedents
Authors: Billing Tejinder K. , Mukherjee Debmalya , Kedia Ben L. , Lahiri Somnath
Published: November 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the immediate antecedents of top executives' international expertise commitment. More specifically, the study focuses on the impact of top management characteristics and the international business performance of firms on top management's commitment to developing international expertise in their workforce.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data were collected targeting the top executives of Fortune 500 and INC 500 firms. The final dataset contained responses from 111 top executives.

Findings

The results of the study show that top executives' international experience, perceived importance of international business in career progression, and past, present, and future business performance are positively related to international expertise commitment.

Practical implications

The findings provide implications for top management hiring decisions. Organizations embarking on the creation of a workforce with international expertise should consider hiring top executives who possess considerable international experience and who perceive international business as an important component in their career progression.

Originality/value

Organizational researchers have devoted very little research attention to exploring what drives top managers to remain committed to developing/acquiring international expertise. This study attempts to fill the void in the extant literature by exploring the immediate predictors and their relative influence on top executives' international expertise commitment.